bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catalog of High Protostellar Surface Density Regions in Nearby Embedded Clusters
Authors: Li Juan , Myers Philip C. , Kirk Helen , Gutermuth Robert A. , Dunham Michael M. , Pokhrel Riwaj 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
We analyze high-quality stellar catalogs for 24 young and nearby (within 1 kpc) embedded clusters and present a catalog of 32 groups which have a high concentration of protostars. The median effective radius of these groups is 0.17 pc. The median protostellar and pre-main-sequence star surface densities are 46 M
⊙ pc−2 and 11 M
⊙ pc−2, respectively. We estimate the age of these groups using a model of constant birthrate and random accretion stopping and find a median value of 0.25 Myr. Some groups in Aquila, Serpens, Corona Australia, and Ophichus L1688 show high protostellar surface density and high molecular gas surface density, and seem to be undergoing vigorous star formation. These groups provide an excellent opportunity to study the initial conditions of clustered star formation. Comparisons of protostellar and pre-main-sequence stellar surface densities reveal continuous low-mass star formation of these groups over several Myr in some clouds. For groups with typical protostellar separations of less than 0.4 pc, we find that these separations agree well with the thermal Jeans fragmentation scale. On the other hand, for groups with typical protostellar separations larger than 0.4 pc, these separations are always larger than the associated Jeans length.
A New Axiomatics for Masures
Authors: Hébert Auguste 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMasures are generalizations of Bruhat–Tits buildings. They were introduced by Gaussent and Rousseau to study Kac–Moody groups over ultrametric fields that generalize reductive groups. Rousseau gave an axiomatic definition of these spaces. We propose an equivalent axiomatic definition, which is shorter, more practical, and closer to the axiom of Bruhat–Tits buildings. Our main tool to prove the equivalence of the axioms is the study of the convexity properties in masures.
Interactions between lemongrass and lavender essential oils in combination with ampicillin influencing antibacterial activity on Sporosarcina ureae and Serratia liquefaciens
Authors: Araz Kurdo , Patel Salonee , Khajehdehi Nika , Wade Christopher Bjerkan , Thomas Jacob , Krajnyk Irene 
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of various combinations of essential oils (EOs) with antibiotics on bacterial growth. The molecular mechanisms behind the effects of individual phytochemicals in EOs and antibiotics is well understood, unlike the mechanisms behind the interactions between multiple phytochemicals and antibiotics in a mixture. Serratia liquefaciens and Sporosarcina ureae were exposed to various treatments of different combinations of Lavandula officinalis (lavender oil), Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass oil) with ampicillin. For each treatment group, mean zones of inhibition (ZOI) were measured after exposure for 48 hours. Controls for both species did not yield any ZOI whereas all other treatments resulted in the inhibition of bacterial growth in both Serratia liquefaciens and Sporosarcina ureae. Statistical analyses showed that the combination of lemongrass oil and ampicillin was significantly more effective than all other treatments for Serratia liquefaciens. The lemongrass oil and ampicillin treatment was the only treatment that displayed additive effects. All treatments for Sporosarcina ureae, with the exception of the control and lavender oil treatments, showed a significantly higher mean ZOI when compared to control and lavender oil treatments. It was concluded that lemongrass oil was a better candidate to be included in antibacterial cocktails than lavender oil. However, further investigation is required to elucidate EOs that interact synergistically with ampicillin when acting on Serratia liquefaciens and Sporosarcina ureae. Additionally, further investigation into the molecular mechanisms behind the interactions of the components found in these EOs with ampicillin is required.
Proceso enseñanza- aprendizaje constructivista en la asignatura de Química general QQ-103 de la UNAH (año 2016)
Authors: Ramírez María De los Angeles , Orellana Karen , Rodriguez Rivas Fredy 
Published: January 2019

El objetivo del estudio consistió en analizar e implementar estrategias didácticas coherentes al enfoque de competencias y aprendizaje efectivo/significativo para la comprensión y resolución de problemas relacionados a las ciencias químicas, estas estrategias comprendieron: Mapas Conceptuales, diagrama de flujo, UVE de Gowin, resolución de problemas y estudio de casos aplicados al tema de medición de masa, volumen y densidad de sustancias sólidas y líquidas de la materia, mediante una guía didáctica diseñada en función de los contenidos analizados. Para el estudio se utilizó una muestra aleatoria de 55 estudiantes de tres secciones de Química General QQ103 durante el primer período académico del año 2016, una de ellas se estableció como grupo control conformado por 15 estudiantes y las otras dos secciones con un total de 40 estudiantes. Se diagnosticó el aprendizaje efectivo/- significativo mediante un pre test, considerando sus actitudes positivas y negativas hacia el conocimiento de la química, así como su comprensión del temario antes y después de la aplicación de las estrategias didácticas implementadas, asimismo como de una guía didáctica validada. Se efectuó un pos test para indagar el logro de competencias básicas. La información obtenida se procesó empleando el programa estadístico para las ciencias sociales (SPSS). Los resultados fueron expresados entérminos numéricos y porcentuales mostrado una actitud positiva muy favorable en los grupos control y experimental, ambos con conocimientos y competencias previas similares. El grupo experimental mostró mayor fijación de conocimiento y un aumento en el desarrollo de competencias básicas.
Ecología de especies de Candida encontrada en diversas áreas del Departamento de Pediatría del Hospital Escuela Universitario Tegucigalpa, Honduras
Authors: Pérez Alemán Erika , Ortiz Bryan , Galo Carmen , Montoya Sandra , Enriquez Flores Maria De Lourdes 
Published: January 2019

En los últimos 45 años se ha descrito un aumento importante de infecciones por el género Candida entre la población general, reportándose como la cuarta causa de infecciones sanguíneas de origen nosocomial(1). Estas infecciones han sido observadas con más frecuencia en pacientes en estado crítico. La identificación de especies de Candida es necesaria debido a que, entre cepas se presentan patrones diferentes de resistencia natural hacia los fármacos antifúngicos. Este grado de resistencia podría inhabilitar la efectividad del tratamiento aumentando así la estancia hospitalaria y la mortalidad entre pacientes en estado crítico. Determinar la ecología de especies de Candida encontrada en diversas áreas del Departamento de Pediatría del HEU en 55 cultivos positivos por Candida, provenientes de diferentes tipos de muestras de pacientes pediátricos mediante las técnicas de Tubo germinal, CHROmagar y PCR-RFLP, implementando esta última técnica como método diagnóstico. La prevalencia general dentro de las áreas del Departamento de Pediatría del HEU de especies de Candida, tomando en cuenta la PCR-RFLP como gold standard en orden de frecuencia descendente, fue C. tropicalis con un 25.5%, C.albicans con 21.8%, C. parapsilosis con 12.7%. C. glabrata con 7.3%, y C. Krusei con un 5.5%. Se encontró que la mayoría de los cultivos positivos provenían de la Sala de Oncología Pediátrica 12 (21.8%), seguido por la sala de Nutrición 12 (21.8%) y sala de Lactantes 10 (18.2%). El tipo de muestra con positividad más frecuente fuela de orina con 31 aislamientos (56.4%). El método de PCR-RFLP resultó ser una herramienta valiosa para la identificación de especies de Candida y en la discriminación de co-infecciones entre estas especies. Las características del método de PCR-RFLP evidencia que es un método rápido y útil en el tratamiento, profilaxis, y en diseños de estrategias de reducción de mortalidad por este género.
L’engagement latino-américain au respect des droits de l’homme et l’incidence des décisions du Système interaméricain des droits de l’homme (SIDH) sur le droit brésilien
Authors: Lopes Saldanha Jânia Maria 
Published: January 2019

Le système juridique international actuel repose, en grande partie, sur la signature de conventions et sur la reconnaissance, par les États, des organes internationaux et régionaux. Toutefois, des différences notables existent, soulevant dès lors des questions concernant l’application des décisions des organisations régionales et l’incidence possible sur le droit interne d’un État dont les normes juridiques nationales ne sont pas entièrement compatibles avec celles de la Commission interaméricaine des droits de l’homme et de la Cour interaméricaine des droits de l’homme. Le Brésil et le système interaméricain des droits de l’homme (SIDH) ont une relation illustrant en détail cette réalité. Pour comprendre la participation de l’État brésilien, il faut saisir l’influence de l’Amérique latine sur l’élaboration des droits de l’homme, en particulier sur la Déclaration américaine des droits et devoirs de l’homme et sur la Déclaration universelle des droits de l’homme. C’est avec cette mise en contexte que l’on peut comprendre, dans une large mesure, la variabilité de l’intensité de la participation brésilienne aux procédures et décisions du SIDH. Pour ces raisons historiques, la rencontre du passé et du présent, dans l’optique des droits de l’homme au Brésil, est tumultueuse. Tandis que, par le passé, le SIDH avait une approche visant la transition démocratique, il a évolué vers une approche égalitaire, sur les plans politique, social et juridique. La jurisprudence du SIDH est alors un apport contraignant quant à la promotion de la justice nationale sur les plans législatif, exécutif et juridique. Les séquelles des dictatures sont donc encore présentes dans l’État de droit brésilien.
L’accord de paix en Colombie à la lumière du droit international interaméricain
Authors: Ovalle Diaz Nelson Arturo 
Published: January 2019

La signature de l’accord de paix en 2016 a aidé à mettre fin au conflit armé interne et encouragé une paix stable entre le gouvernement de la Colombie et les forces armées révolutionnaires de la Colombie — armée du peuple (FARC-EP). Cependant, cette entente a engendré un autre défi, soit celui de respecter le principe d’égalité devant la loi. Afin que les révolutionnaires soient incités à déposer leurs armes, en échange, l’État accepte de se faire juger par une justice transitionnelle. Le pluralisme juridique permet d’expliquer pourquoi la « Juridiction spéciale de paix » (JSP) peut être en conformité avec les normes internationales. Le présent article propose une façon d’expliquer ce choix difficile entre le droit à la paix et le droit à l’égalité devant la loi en considérant les normes internationales des droits de la personne. Le texte suggère l’utilisation des contrôles de la constitutionnalité ainsi que ceux de la conventionnalité, comme étant les deux recours judiciaires appropriés permettant de vérifier la compatibilité des règles de droit national avec les principes internationaux relatifs aux droits de la personne. Ces contrôles judiciaires peuvent être utilisés pour analyser l’invalidité d’une norme nationale qui contrevient à une norme internationale relative aux droits de la personne, en se basant sur le principe de la primauté du droit international de type impératif. Finalement, il est conclu que l’égalité devant la loi n’est pas un critère absolu et que la justice transitionnelle devrait être le dernier recours, dans le cas où la guerre permanente se présenterait comme la seule autre option. Quant à la paix, elle est considérée comme étant un droit fondamental dans l’ordre juridique international et national, afin de garantir les conditions nécessaires au respect des autres droits et libertés de tous.
EGFR deficiency leads to impaired self-renewal and pluripotency of mouse embryonic stem cells
Authors: Yu Miaoying , Wei Yinghui , Xu Kui , Liu Shasha , Ma Lei , Pei Yangli , Hu Yanqing , Liu Zhiguo , Zhang Xue , Wang Bingyuan , Mu Yulian , Li Kui 
Published: January 2019

Background
Self-renewal and pluripotency are considered as unwavering features of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). How ESCs regulate the self-renewal and differentiation is a central question in development and regenerative medicine research. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was identified as a critical regulator in embryonic development, but its role in the maintenance of ESCs is poorly understood.

Methods
Here, EGFR was disrupted by its specific inhibitor AG1478 in mouse ESCs (mESCs), and its self-renewal and pluripotency were characterized according to their proliferation, expression of pluripotency markers, embryoid body (EB) formation, and mRNA expression patterns. We also used another EGFR inhibitor (gefitinib) and RNA interference assay to rule out the possibility of non-specific effects of AG1478.

Results
EGFR inhibition by AG1478 treatment in mESCs markedly reduced cell proliferation, caused cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase, and altered protein expressions of the cell cycle regulatory genes (CDK2 (decreased 11.3%) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (decreased 25.2%)). The immunoreactivities and protein expression of pluripotency factors (OCT4 (decreased 26.9%)) also dramatically decreased, while the differentiation related genes (GATA4 (increased 1.6-fold)) were up-regulated in mESCs after EGFR inhibition. Meanwhile, EGFR inhibition in mESCs disrupted EB formation, indicating its impaired pluripotency. Additionally, the effects observed by EGFR inhibition with another inhibitor gefitinib and siRNA were consistent with those observed by AG1478 treatment in mESCs. These effects were manifested in the decreased expression of proliferative and pluripotency-related genes and the increased expression of genes involved in differentiation. Moreover, RNA-seq analysis displayed that transcript profiling was changed significantly after EGFR inhibition by AG1478. A large number of differentially expressed genes were involved in cell cycle, apoptotic process, epigenetic modification, and metabolic process, which were related to self-renewal and pluripotency, confirming that EGFR deficiency impaired self-renewal and pluripotency in mESCs.

Conclusions
Taken together, our results demonstrated the importance of EGFR in guarding the stemness of mESCs.
Perineural invasion in pancreatic cancer: proteomic analysis and in vitro modelling
Authors: Alrawashdeh Wasfi , Jones Richard , Dumartin Laurent , Radon Tomasz P. , Cutillas Pedro R. , Feakins Roger M. , Dmitrovic Branko , Demir Ihsan Ekin , Ceyhan Guralp O. , Crnogorac‐Jurcevic Tatjana 
Published: January 2019

Perineural invasion (PNI) is a common and characteristic feature of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) that is associated with poor prognosis, tumor recurrence, and generation of pain. However, the molecular alterations in cancer cells and nerves within PNI have not previously been comprehensively analyzed. Here, we describe our proteomic analysis of the molecular changes underlying neuro‐epithelial interactions in PNI using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) in microdissected PNI and non‐PNI cancer, as well as in invaded and noninvaded nerves from formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded PDAC tissues. In addition, an in vitro model of PNI was developed using a co‐culture system comprising PDAC cell lines and PC12 cells as the neuronal element. The overall proteomic profiles of PNI and non‐PNI cancer appeared largely similar. In contrast, upon invasion by cancer cells, nerves demonstrated widespread plasticity with a pattern consistent with neuronal injury. The up‐regulation of SCG2 (secretogranin II) and neurosecretory protein VGF (nonacronymic) in invaded nerves in PDAC tissues was further validated using immunohistochemistry. The tested PDAC cell lines were found to be able to induce neuronal plasticity in PC12 cells in our in vitro established co‐culture model. Changes in expression levels of VGF, as well as of two additional proteins previously reported to be overexpressed in PNI, Nestin and Neuromodulin (GAP43), closely recapitulated our proteomic findings in PDAC tissues. Furthermore, induction of VGF, while not necessary for PC12 survival, mediated neurite extension induced by PDAC cell lines. In summary, here we report the proteomic alterations underlying PNI in PDAC and confirm that PDAC cells are able to induce neuronal plasticity. In addition, we describe a novel, simple, and easily adaptable co‐culture model for in vitro study of neuro‐epithelial interactions.
Polypyrrole and Carbon Nanotube Co‐Composited Titania Anodes with Enhanced Sodium Storage Performance in Ether‐Based Electrolyte
Authors: Yang Xuming , Wang Shuo , Zhuang Xuming , Tomanec Ondrej , Zboril Radek , Yu Denis Y. W. , Rogach Andrey L. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn terms of applications for sodium‐ion batteries, titania shows several compelling features, such as environmental availability, favorable sodiation potential, and long cycle lifespan, but it also possesses several drawbacks such as the low utilization and low initial coulombic efficiency (ICE). A double‐fold carbon incorporation strategy of improving titania anode materials, namely coating titania nanoparticles with polypyrrole (PPY) and integrating them into a carbon nanotube (CNT) network, is introduced. This treatment not only ensures direct contact of individual titania nanoparticles with the conductive components in the composite but also builds a 3D interconnecting CNT framework to facilitate both mass and charge transfer. The TiO2/PPY/CNT composite delivers reversible capacity of 252 and 201 mAh g−1 at 0.1 and 1 C, respectively; achieves an ICE of 70%, which is the highest value so far, in an ether‐based electrolyte; and retains nearly 80% of its capacity in a 3000‐cycle test. Co‐compositing titania with PPY and CNT guarantees both efficient electrical connection of active materials and resilience against cycling, and this strategy is feasible for various electrode materials which usually need carbon incorporation to improve capacity and stabilize cycling.
Low‐Temperature Growth of Hard Carbon with Graphite Crystal for Sodium‐Ion Storage with High Initial Coulombic Efficiency: A General Method
Authors: Zhao Xun , Ding Yuan , Xu Qi , Yu Xiao , Liu Yong , Shen Hui 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPractical application of hard carbon materials in sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) is largely limited by their low initial coulombic efficiency (ICE), which may be improved by increasing the graphitization degree. However, biomass‐derived hard carbon is usually nongraphitizable and extremely difficult to graphitize by direct heating even at 3000 °C. Herein, a general strategy is reported for fabricating hard carbon materials with graphite crystals at 1300 °C promoted by external graphite that serves as a crystal template for the growth of graphite crystals. The graphite crystals enable the contacted pseudographitic domains with a high‐level ordered structure, large domain size, and low defects, leading to an enhanced ICE. The obtained hard carbon materials with graphite crystals, using the carbonized eggshell membranes, and sucrose‐derived microsphere as precursors, achieve very high ICE of 89% and 91% with reversible capacity of 310 and 301 mA h g−1, respectively. Therefore, using external graphite to promote high‐level ordering pseudographitic domains at low temperature is quite useful to improve ICE for SIB applications.
15% Efficiency Tandem Organic Solar Cell Based on a Novel Highly Efficient Wide‐Bandgap Nonfullerene Acceptor with Low Energy Loss
Authors: Liu Gongchu , Jia Jianchao , Zhang Kai , Jia Xiao'e , Yin Qingwu , Zhong Wenkai , Li Li , Huang Fei , Cao Yong 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA tandem organic solar cell (OSC) is a valid structure to widen the photon response range and suppress the transmission loss and thermalization loss. In the past few years, the development of low‐bandgap materials with broad absorption in long‐wavelength region for back subcells has attracted considerable attention. However, wide‐bandgap materials for front cells that have both high short‐circuit current density (JSC) and open‐circuit voltage (VOC) are scarce. In this work, a new fluorine‐substituted wide‐bandgap small molecule nonfullerene acceptor TfIF‐4FIC is reported, which has an optical bandgap of 1.61 eV. When PBDB‐T‐2F is selected as the donor, the device offers an extremely high VOC of 0.98 V, a high JSC of 17.6 mA cm−2, and a power conversion efficiency of 13.1%. This is the best performing acceptor with such a wide bandgap. More importantly, the energy loss in this combination is 0.63 eV. These properties ensure that PBDB‐T‐2F:TfIF‐4FIC is an ideal candidate for the fabrication of tandem OSCs. When PBDB‐T‐2F:TfIF‐4FIC and PTB7‐Th:PCDTBT:IEICO‐4F are used as the front cell and the back cell to construct tandem solar cells, a PCE of 15% is obtained, which is one of best results reported to date in the field of organic solar cells.
Comparison of the long‐term outcomes of the self‐expandable metallic stent and transanal decompression tube for obstructive colorectal cancer
Authors: Sato Ryuichiro , Oikawa Masaya , Kakita Tetsuya , Okada Takaho , Oyama Atsushi , Abe Tomoya , Yazawa Takashi , Tsuchiya Haruyuki , Akazawa Naoya , Ohira Tetsuya , Harada Yoshihiro , Tanaka Megumi , Okano Haruka , Ito Kei , Tsuchiya Takashi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimEndoscopic decompression using the self‐expandable metallic colonic stent (SEMS) or transanal decompression tube (TDT) can convert emergency surgery into elective one‐stage surgery for obstructive colorectal cancer (OCRC). The aim of the present study was to clarify the effect of SEMS and TDT on long‐term oncological outcomes.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 76 consecutive pathological stage II and III OCRC patients who were inserted with SEMS or TDT as a bridge to curative surgery between 2009 and 2018.ResultsThere were 53 SEMS cases and 23 TDT cases. The tumor was located in the left colon in 58 cases and in the right colon in 18 cases. The interval between the decompression and the surgery was 16.5 days in the SEMS group and 13.0 days in the TDT group (P = 0.09). Technical and clinical success rates were 100% and 100% for SEMS, and 95% and 91% for TDT, respectively. Stoma was created in four patients in the SEMS group, and in five in the TDT group (P = 0.08). Three‐year overall survival rates of the SEMS and TDT groups were 82% and 86% (P = 0.94), and disease‐free survival rates were 68% and 62% (P = 0.79), respectively. The recurrence pattern was not significantly different.ConclusionThis study found no statistically significant differences between the effects of SEMS and TDT for OCRC as a bridge to surgery on long‐term outcomes.
Tin‐Mediated One‐Pot Preparation of β‐Trifluoromethyl‐β‐ acylhydrazonyl Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Wang Ke‐Hu , Shi Baobao , Wang Yalin , Wang Jianglong , Huang Danfeng , Su Yingpeng , Hu Yulai 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA concise and efficient protocol for the preparation of β‐trifluoromethyl‐β‐acylhydrazonyl carbonyl compounds was developed from multicomponent one‐pot reactions of trifluoroacetaldehyde methyl hemiacetal, acylhydrazines and 2‐bromocarbonyl compounds in the presence of tin powder. The reactions can be carried out under mild reaction conditions to give the products in good to excellent yields.