bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using occupancy modeling to provide insights into suitable habitat characteristics for the already restricted and critically endangered Olalla's titi monkey (Plecturocebus olallae)
Authors: Martínez Jesús , Márquez Robert , Reinaga Ariel , Campera Marco , Nijman Vincent , Wallace Robert B. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Knowledge about changes in wildlife populations over time is essential for making informed decisions regarding their conservation. We evaluated the influence of distinct habitat factors on the occupancy of Olalla's titi monkey (Plecturocebus olallae), a Critically Endangered primate endemic to Bolivia. We assessed the presence of titi monkey groups using the playback technique, employing point counts in 582 quadrants of approximately 6.25 hectares. Utilizing single-species and single-season occupancy models, we estimated an occupancy (ψ) of 0.21 and found that the presence of P. olallae groups was positively related to heterogenous plant composition forests which indicates they may be more likely to occur in areas of high floristic diversity. We also found that groups of this already range restricted species do not occur in all the forest coverage within their distributional range. This complements previous considerations regarding the habitat in which P. olallae occurs based on its natural history knowledge and highlights the limited suitable habitat for this species. From our sampling effort, we calculated a power of 81% to detect a population change of 30%, showing the potential of occupancy modeling for population monitoring of P. olallae. Thus, we provide an information baseline that will be useful in further population monitoring actions for the conservation of these endemic Bolivian titi monkeys.
Developments and Future Perspectives in Nanowires Mechanics
Authors: Xiang Junxiang , Wang Heyi , Zhou Jingzhuo , Lu Yang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWith the advancement of micro- and nano-scale devices and systems, there has been growing interest in understanding material mechanics at small scales. Nanowires, as fundamental one-dimensional building blocks, offer significant advantages for constructing micro/nano-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) and serve as an ideal platform for studying their size-dependent mechanical properties. This paper reviews the development and current state of nanowire mechanical testing over the past decade. The first part introduces the related issues of nanowire mechanical testing. The second section explores several key topics and the latest research progress regarding the mechanical properties of nanowires, including ultralarge elastic strain, large plastic strain, ‘smaller is stronger’, cold welding, and ductile-to-brittle transition. Finally, the paper envisions future development directions, identifying possible research hotspots and application prospects.
Progress towards the control of invasive alien species in the Cape Floristic Region’s protected areas
Authors: van Wilgen Brian W. , Cole Nicholas S. , Baard Johan , Cheney Chad , Engelbrecht Karen , Stafford Louise , Turner Andrew A. , van Wilgen Nicola J. , Wannenburgh Andrew M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper assesses progress towards the control of biological invasions in 18 protected areas (PAs) covering 677 584 ha in the Cape Floristic Region (CFR), and whether progress has been sufficient to achieve Target 6 of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. We used eight indicators for assessing the inputs (quality of the regulatory framework, money spent and planning coverage for species and protected areas), outputs (species and protected areas treated), and outcomes (effectiveness of species and protected area treatments) of management. The estimated money spent over 13 years (2010–2022) was ZAR 976 million, or ZAR 75 million per year. Management plans for PAs were assessed as adequate over 78.5% of the area, but only six out of 226 regulated invasive species had species-specific control plans in place. A total of 567 alien species occurred in the CFR’s PAs, 226 of which were regulated species (i.e. species that had to be controlled), 126 (55.8%) of which received some management. Spending was highly skewed, with over 60% of all funding spent on trees and shrubs in the genus Acacia. Management efforts reached 24% of the land within the CFR’s protected areas, with higher coverage in national parks (60%) than in provincial nature reserves (9%). Management effectiveness was assessed as either permanent, effective or partially effective for 29 species (20 due to biological control), and ineffective for 25; for the remainder, there was either no management or effectiveness could not be evaluated. We conclude that some progress has been made with respect to controlling invasive alien species in the CFR, but that insufficient and declining funding remains a significant barrier to effective management. To increase efficiency, it will be necessary to secure additional funding from more diversified sources, make more use of biological control and prescribed fire, and regularly monitor the outcomes of management.
The Ethics of Clinical Ethics
Authors: Shea Matthew 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe concept ethics defines health care ethics as a professional practice. Yet the meaning of “ethics” is often unclear in the theory and practice of clinical ethics. Clarity on this matter is crucial for understanding the nature of clinical ethics and for debates about the professional identity and proper role of ethicists, the sort of training and skills they should possess, and whether they have ethics expertise. This article examines two different ways the ethics of clinical ethics can be understood: Real Ethics, which consists of objective moral norms grounded in moral truth; and Conventional Ethics, which consists of conventional norms grounded in bioethical consensus. Drawing on the bioethics literature and features of professional practice, it shows that Conventional Ethics is the dominant paradigm. Then it presents a critique of Conventional Ethics, arguing that it cannot avoid the challenge of moral pluralism, it fails to address vitally important moral questions, and it is incapable of providing an essential service to the people ethicists aim to help. It ends with suggestions about how the practice of clinical ethics might overcome these problems.
Sharp volume and multiplicity bounds for Fano simplices
Authors: Bäuerle Andreas 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe present sharp upper bounds on the volume, Mahler volume and multiplicity for Fano simplices depending on the dimension and Gorenstein index. These bounds rely on the interplay between lattice simplices and unit fraction partitions. Moreover, we present an efficient procedure for explicitly classifying Fano simplices of any dimension and Gorenstein index, and we carry out the classification up to dimension four for various Gorenstein indices.
Association Between Unmet Needs in Health Care and Social Services and Exposure to Violence Among Parents
Authors: Sipilä Marianne , Helminen Mika , Hakulinen Tuovi , Paavilainen Eija 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective
Existing research has shown that parental exposure to violence has negative consequences on health outcomes, but the effect of such exposure on unmet health care and social service need is unknown. This study aims to investigate the association between unmet health care and social services and parental violence exposure among parents with children.

Study Design
This study used the data of 6289 parents aged 18–60 years who had at least one child under 18 years living in the same household. Parental violence exposure was measured. Unmet child and adult health care and social service need was operationalized through questions on the services needed, those that had not been received, and those that were considered inadequate.

Results
Parents who experienced any kind of violence had more unmet service need. There were more women among parents with violence experience (65.4%) than those with no violence experience (51.9%). Violence experience increased the odds of unmet need for general adult healthcare services (OR 2.02, CI 1.64–2.57), maternity and child health clinics (OR 2.52, CI 2.00–3.18), family guidance clinics and home help (OR 2.38, CI 1.60–3.54), mental health or child welfare services (OR 2.05, CI 1.52–2.75), and school health care (OR 1.99, 1.50–2.65). After adjusting for sociodemographic factors, the associations between exposure to violence experience and unmet needs for healthcare and social services remained statistically significant.

Conclusion
Violence in close relationships profoundly impacts health and well-being. By addressing unmet health care needs and supporting parents, we can break the cycle of violence and promote better mental health outcomes. Preventive policies and early interventions are essential to mitigate the consequences of violence in families.
Force and pose control of a hemispherical ultrasonic probe in contact with viscoelastic gelatine
Authors: Facundo-Flores Ludivina , Baltazar Arturo , Treesatayapun Chidentree 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Ultrasound probes are widely employed for internal sonification, to detect anomalies and assess mechanical properties. Achieving precise contact and orientation control is crucial for optimizing the transmission of acoustic energy into the test material. This study investigates the contact control of a hemispherical probe against a viscoelastic gelatin (tissue-like) test object. For small applied loads, the signals from the force sensor are often contaminated with noise. To enhance contact measurements, an ultrasound hemispherical probe was designed for Hertzian contact with gelatin. The transmitted/reflected acoustic energy is known to be a function of the contact area, which can be related to the applied force. The transmitted and reflected acoustic energy, which depends on the contact area, is related to the applied force. The goal is to develop an adaptive, model-free algorithm to control the contact force and orientation of the probe to maximize energy transfer. This algorithm integrates reflected acoustic energy at the contact interface with force data as feedback. A multi-input fuzzy controller scheme that is robust to noise and operates in real time is proposed. Numerical and experimental results demonstrate the controller’s stability and its ability to rapidly converge to the desired force and orientation conditions.
Theoretical analysis of integer programming models for the two-dimensional two-staged knapsack problem
Authors: Kang Suho , Kim Junyoung , Joung Seulgi , Lee Kyungsik 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this study, we theoretically compare integer programming models for the two-dimensional two-staged knapsack problem. Including the well-known level packing model, we introduce two pattern-based models called the strip packing model and the staged pattern model derived from integer programming models for the two-dimensional two-staged cutting stock problem. We show that the level packing model provides weaker linear programming (LP) relaxation bounds than pattern-based models. Furthermore, we also present upper bounds on the LP-relaxation bound of the level packing model, which can be obtained from the LP-relaxation bounds of the pattern-based models.
Targeting the Brain Leptin-Melanocortin Pathway to Treat Heart Failure
Authors: Omoto Ana C. M. , do Carmo Jussara M. , Mouton Alan J. , Wang Zhen , Li Xuan , Spitz Robert , Hall John E. , da Silva Alexandre A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Purpose of the Review
The role of leptin in regulating cardiac function is still controversial with conflicting results in clinical and preclinical studies. However, most previous studies have not considered leptin’s powerful cardiac effects that are mediated via activation of central nervous system (CNS) leptin receptors (LepRs) which, in turn, elicit major improvements in cardiac metabolism. In this review, we focus mainly on the role of leptin in regulating cardiac function via its CNS LepRs and downstream signaling pathways, such as the brain melanocortin system.

Recent Findings
Studies from our laboratory showed that CNS LepR activation, without raising plasma leptin levels, has remarkable beneficial effects on cardiac metabolism and function that protect the heart during pathological conditions, including heart failure (HF) induced by myocardial infarction (MI). These cardioprotective effects of leptin appear to be mediated by stimulation of CNS proopiomelanocortin neurons and subsequent activation of melanocortin 4 receptors (MC4R) in the brain.

Summary
Chronic activation of the brain leptin-melanocortin pathway improves cardiac function and metabolism following myocardial infarction. However, the mechanism underlying this brain-heart crosstalk remains unclear and may have important implications for the development of new therapies for MI and HF.
Integrated geophysical investigations of groundwater for sustainable management in Faisalabad region of Pakistan
Authors: Javed Umar , McMaine John , Arshad Arfan , Hussain Sajjad , Muhammad Shahbaz , Akbar Muhammad Umar , Awais Muhammad , Noor Rabeea 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAs global and local populations surge and climate change continue to disrupt surface and groundwater reservoirs, the urgent need arises to explore additional groundwater sources. Ensuring sustainable management necessitates the efficient identification of high-potential zones to meet escalating water demands. This study aims to delineate groundwater potential zones in Faisalabad District, Pakistan, utilizing a cost-effective geoelectrical resistivity survey method. Apparent resistivity data was collected using the Schlumberger electrode configuration and analyzed with the Interpex “IX1D v2 model” to determine true soil layer resistivities and thicknesses with average root mean square error of 5.12%. The results have revealed that the Aquifer thickness ranged from 13.35 to 165.59 m, and resistivity from 23.96 to 1125.0 Ωm. Hydraulic conductivity, transmissivity, and porosity of aquifers varied from 0.49 to 24.11 m/day (average 8.214 m/day), 35.67 to 1593.98 m2/day (average 567.771 m2/day), and 22.29 to 39.82% (average 37.465%), respectively. Integration of resistivity and geo-hydraulic properties data identified vertical electrical sounding (VES) points 1, 3, 4, and 6 as highly suitable for large-scale freshwater extraction due to having high groundwater potential repositories (coarse sand and gravel formations). Other points had varying suitability: VES points 7 and 8 for shallow wells only, VES points 5, 9, and 10 not recommended due to hard formations, and VES point 2 due to poor groundwater quality. This integrated approach has proven effective in assessing groundwater strata to support Sustainable Development Goal (SDG-3), making it applicable to other geographic locations and informing policy decisions for effective groundwater management.
PET/CT Radiomics Integrated with Clinical Indexes as a Tool to Predict Ki67 in Breast Cancer: a Pilot Study
Authors: Li Dawei , Ding Hui , Liao Yuting , Yu Xiao , Guo Youmin , Shen Cong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Objective
This study aims to assess the value of radiomics features integrated with clinical characteristics for estimating Ki67 expression in patients with breast cancer (BC).

Methods
In total, 114 patients with BC performed 18F-FDG PET/CT scans. Patients were randomly assigned to a training set (n = 79, 55 cases of Ki67 + and 24 cases of Ki67-) and a validation set (n = 35, 24 cases of Ki67 + and 11 cases of Ki67-). Thirteen clinical characteristics and 704 radiomics features were extracted, and 4 clinical and 8 radiomics features were selected. Three models were developed, including the clinical model, the radiomics model, and the combined model. Model performance was evaluated using the ROC curve, and clinical utility was assessed through decision curve analysis (DCA).

Results
The N stage, tumor morphology, SUVmax, and the longest diameter significantly differed between Ki67 + and Ki67- groups (all P < 0.05). Eight radiomics features were selected for the radiomics model. The area under the curve of the combined model in the training and test group was 0.90 (95% CI: 0.82∼0.97) and 0.81 (95% CI: 0.64∼0.99), respectively. The combined model significantly outperformed both the radiomics model and the clinical model alone (P < 0.05). The DCA curve demonstrated the superior clinical utility of the combined model compared to the clinical model and radiomics model.

Conclusions
PET/CT image-based radiomics features combined with clinical features have the potential to predict Ki67 expression in BC.
Ultrahigh Energy and Power Density in Ni–Zn Aqueous Battery via Superoxide-Activated Three-Electron Transfer
Authors: Duan Yixue , Li Bolong , Yang Kai , Gong Zheng , Peng Xuqiao , He Liang , Ho Derek 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAqueous Ni–Zn microbatteries are safe, reliable and inexpensive but notoriously suffer from inadequate energy and power densities. Herein, we present a novel mechanism of superoxide-activated Ni substrate that realizes the redox reaction featuring three-electron transfers (Ni ↔ Ni3+). The superoxide activates the direct redox reaction between Ni substrate and KNiO2 by lowering the reaction Gibbs free energy, supported by in-situ Raman and density functional theory simulations. The prepared chronopotentiostatic superoxidation-activated Ni (CPS-Ni) electrodes exhibit an ultrahigh capacity of 3.21 mAh cm−2 at the current density of 5 mA cm−2, nearly 8 times that of traditional one-electron processes electrodes. Even under the ultrahigh 200 mA cm−2 current density, the CPS-Ni electrodes show 86.4% capacity retention with a Columbic efficiency of 99.2% after 10,000 cycles. The CPS-Ni||Zn microbattery achieves an exceptional energy density of 6.88 mWh cm−2 and power density of 339.56 mW cm−2. Device demonstration shows that the power source can continuously operate for more than 7 days in powering the sensing and computation intensive practical application of photoplethysmographic waveform monitoring. This work paves the way to the development of multi-electron transfer mechanisms for advanced aqueous Ni–Zn batteries with high capacity and long lifetime.
Bacterial cellulose: a biodesign critical analysis on the artifact and industrial manufacture
Authors: Pedroso-Roussado Cristiano 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The design field encompasses aspects of culture, thought, and, ultimately, can appropriate other disciplines like biology and engineering. One of the potentials of biodesign is the replacement of current materials for more sustainable ones. Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a biopolymer that is produced by microorganisms such as Komogataeibacter spp. and has been recently explored for applications in fashion, architecture and material science receiving global media attention. In this impact paper, it is assessed the challenges of producing BC through analysis of its production and chemistry. Through a critical analysis of applied case studies, it is argued that it is yet work to be done to allow a widespread use of BC. In conclusion, the increased understanding of the acetic acid bacteria (AAB) genetic landscape and biochemistry will potentiate the education, research, development, manufacture, and market implementation of more feasible and sustainable cellulose-based products.
Multidisciplinary stakeholder engagement in a type 2 diabetes comparative effectiveness study utilizing real-world data
Authors: Golembiewski Elizabeth H. , Mickelson Mindy M. , Brito Juan P. , Montori Victor M. , McCoy Rozalina G. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Patient and stakeholder involvement enhances the conduct and applicability of comparative effectiveness research (CER). However, examples of engagement practices for CER leveraging real-world data (i.e., data from routine clinical practice) are scarce. Notably, these studies differ from traditional clinical trials in their technical complexity and minimal prospective data collection, posing unique challenges for stakeholder involvement. This paper describes patient and stakeholder engagement in a CER study of type 2 diabetes (T2D) medications using real-world data from a large administrative claims database.

Methods:
A Patient and Stakeholder Advisory Group (PSAG) was formed to guide study design, conduct, and dissemination. The PSAG (n = 12) included individuals with T2D, clinicians, health systems leaders, professional society representatives, and a payer representative. Members were surveyed post-study initiation to assess their participation goals and experiences to date.

Results:
PSAG members influenced key design and methodological decisions, including cohort selection and adding an aim focused on patient preference elicitation. Survey results indicated high satisfaction with engagement processes and a desire for ongoing involvement. Most PSAG members cited their main goals as impacting the lives of people with T2D and ensuring the research’s relevance to clinicians.

Conclusions:
Best practices for engaging stakeholders in CER using real-world data are underdeveloped. Our experience suggests that an inclusive, stakeholder-engaged approach enriches the research process and ensures diverse perspectives are integrated into study design and conduct. Ongoing efforts will focus on assessing long-term engagement outcomes and PSAG member satisfaction.
Effects of propolis consumption on blood pressure, lipid profile and glycemic parameters in adults: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis
Authors: Bahari Hossein , Shahraki Jazinaki Mostafa , Goudarzi Kian , Namkhah Zahra , Taheri Shaghayegh , Golafrouz Haniyeh , Pahlavani Naseh 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPropolis, as a by-product of honey production, has shown several beneficial effects on cardiovascular risks in past randomised controlled trials, although the findings are not conclusive. In this review, we intend to evaluate the effects of propolis consumption on cardiovascular risk factors by conducting a meta-analysis. The Web of Science, Medline and Scopus databases were comprehensively searched until September 2023. Eligible studies were identified by screening, and their data were extracted. Weighted mean differences with a 95 % CI for each outcome were estimated using the random-effects model. This meta-analysis revealed that propolis consumption led to a significant decrease in the levels of TAG (weighted mean differences (WMD): –10·44 mg/dl 95 % CI: –16·58, –4·31; P = 0·001), LDL-cholesterol (WMD: –9·31 mg/dl; 95 % CI: –13·50, –5·12 mg; P < 0·001), fasting blood glucose (WMD: –7·30 mg/dl; 95 % CI: –11·58, –3·02; P = 0·001), HbA1c (WMD: –0·32 %; 95 % CI: –0·60, –0·05; P = 0·01), insulin (WMD: –1·36 μU/ml; 95 % CI: –2·36, –0·36; P = 0·007), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (WMD: –0·39; 95 % CI: –0·74, –0·03; P = 0·020) and systolic blood pressure (WMD: –2·24 mmHg 95 % CI: –4·08, –0·39; P = 0·010), compared with the control groups. Furthermore, propolis consumption had a significant increasing effect on HDL-cholesterol levels (WMD: 2·03 mg/dl; 95 % CI: 0·24, 3·83; P = 0·020). In contrast, the consumption of propolis had no significant effect on total cholesterol and diastolic blood pressure levels. This systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis suggested that propolis intake may be effective in cardiometabolic improvement in adults. Further, well-designed studies are required to confirm and elucidate all aspects of these findings.