bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors of Postoperative Delirium in the Intensive Care Unit After Liver Transplantation
Authors: Lee Hannah , Oh Seung‐Young , Yu Je Hyuk , Kim Jeongsoo , Yoon Sehee , Ryu Ho Geol 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative delirium after liver transplantation is relatively common, especially due to preexisting conditions such as hepatic encephalopathy. Most studies of delirium after liver transplantation were based on ICU practices using deep hypnosedation. Therefore, risk factors and consequences of postoperative delirium after liver transplantation were evaluated in the light sedation era.
MethodsA total of 253 liver transplantation patients were evaluated for postoperative delirium. Clinical outcomes including mortality were compared between patients who suffered delirium and those who did not. Risk factors for postoperative delirium were analyzed with subgroup analysis depending on MELD scores and type of liver transplantation.ResultsPost‐liver transplant delirium developed in 17% of the patients, 88% of which occurred within the first postoperative day. Alcoholic liver cirrhosis, class C Child–Pugh score, higher MELD scores, higher proportion of deceased donor liver transplantation, and reintubation were more frequent in patients who developed delirium, but there was no difference in mortality. Higher preoperative MELD group (15–24 vs. <15; OR 4.10, 95% Cl [1.67–10.09], P = 0.002, ≥25 vs. <15; OR 5.59, 95% CI [2.06–15.19], P < 0.01), higher APACHE II scores (OR 5.59, 95% CI [2.06–15.19], P < 0.01), and reintubation (OR 6.46, 95% CI [2.10–19.88], P < 0.01) were identified as significant risk factors for postoperative delirium.ConclusionPostoperative delirium after liver transplantation was associated with worse clinical outcomes. MELD scores greater than 15 were predictive of postoperative delirium in both living and deceased donor liver transplantation.
Survivorship care plans have a negative impact on long-term quality of life and anxiety through more threatening illness perceptions in gynecological cancer patients: the ROGY care trial
Authors: de Rooij Belle H. , Ezendam Nicole P. M. , Nicolaije Kim A. H. , Lodder Paul , Vos M. Caroline , Pijnenborg Johanna M. A. , Boll Dorry , Kruitwagen Roy F. P. M. , van de Poll-Franse Lonneke V. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Purpose
Prior results from the registration system oncological gynecology (ROGY) care trial showed that survivorship care plans (SCPs) increased threatening illness perceptions in gynecological cancer survivors, but it remained unclear whether this would result in poorer physical and psychosocial outcomes. The aim of the current study is to assess the direct and indirect effects of SCPs on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and anxiety and depression, through illness perceptions.

Methods
Twelve hospitals in the South of the Netherlands were randomized to providing ‘SCP care’ or ‘usual care.’ Newly diagnosed endometrial and ovarian cancer patients completed questionnaires after initial treatment (endometrial, 221 [75%]; ovarian, 174 [71%]) and after 6, 12, and 24 months. SCPs were automatically generated after initial treatment by the oncology providers through the web-based ROGY. Illness perceptions were measured after initial treatment and HRQoL and anxiety and depression after 6, 12, and 24 months.

Results
Structural equation models showed that endometrial cancer patients who experienced more symptoms or concern due to the SCP reported worse social functioning (β = − 0.82; p = 0.01) and more fatigue, insomnia, pain, and anxiety (β = 0.58–0.86, p < 0.05) within 12 months after treatment. Ovarian cancer patients who had lower trust that the treatment would cure their disease due to the SCP reported worse emotional functioning 6 months after treatment (β = 0.27, p = 0.02).

Conclusions
Current results show that SCPs may have negative effects on HRQoL and anxiety in patients who experience more threatening illness perceptions due to the SCP. We should be aware of the potential negative consequences of SCPs.
Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01185626.
On the Solidification and Structure Formation during Casting of Large Inserts in Ferritic Nodular Cast Iron
Authors: Tadesse Abel , Fredriksson Hasse 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The graphite nodule count and size distributions for boiling water reactor (BWR) and pressurized water reactor (PWR) inserts were investigated by taking samples at heights of 2160 and 1150 mm, respectively. In each cross section, two locations were taken into consideration for both the microstructural and solidification modeling. The numerical solidification modeling was performed in a two-dimensional model by considering the nucleation and growth in eutectic ductile cast iron. The microstructural results reveal that the nodule size and count distribution along the cross sections are different in each location for both inserts. Finer graphite nodules appear in the thinner sections and close to the mold walls. The coarser nodules are distributed mostly in the last solidified location. The simulation result indicates that the finer nodules are related to a higher cooling rate and a lower degree of microsegregation, whereas the coarser nodules are related to a lower cooling rate and a higher degree of microsegregation. The solidification time interval and the last solidifying locations in the BWR and PWR are also different.
Association of branched‐chain amino acids and other circulating metabolites with risk of incident dementia and Alzheimer's disease: A prospective study in eight cohorts
Authors: Tynkkynen Juho , Chouraki Vincent , van der Lee Sven J. , Hernesniemi Jussi , Yang Qiong , Li Shuo , Beiser Alexa , Larson Martin G. , Sääksjärvi Katri , Shipley Martin J. , Singh‐Manoux Archana , Gerszten Robert E. , Wang Thomas J. , Havulinna Aki S. , Würtz Peter , Fischer Krista , Demirkan Ayse , Ikram M. Arfan , Amin Najaf , Lehtimäki Terho , Kähönen Mika , Perola Markus , Metspalu Andres , Kangas Antti J. , Soininen Pasi , Ala‐Korpela Mika , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Kivimäki Mika , van Duijn Cornelia M. , Seshadri Sudha , Salomaa Veikko 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIntroductionMetabolite, lipid, and lipoprotein lipid profiling can provide novel insights into mechanisms underlying incident dementia and Alzheimer's disease.MethodsWe studied eight prospective cohorts with 22,623 participants profiled by nuclear magnetic resonance or mass spectrometry metabolomics. Four cohorts were used for discovery with replication undertaken in the other four to avoid false positives. For metabolites that survived replication, combined association results are presented.ResultsOver 246,698 person‐years, 995 and 745 cases of incident dementia and Alzheimer's disease were detected, respectively. Three branched‐chain amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, and valine), creatinine and two very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)‐specific lipoprotein lipid subclasses were associated with lower dementia risk. One high density lipoprotein (HDL; the concentration of cholesterol esters relative to total lipids in large HDL) and one VLDL (total cholesterol to total lipids ratio in very large VLDL) lipoprotein lipid subclass was associated with increased dementia risk. Branched‐chain amino acids were also associated with decreased Alzheimer's disease risk and the concentration of cholesterol esters relative to total lipids in large HDL with increased Alzheimer's disease risk.DiscussionFurther studies can clarify whether these molecules play a causal role in dementia pathogenesis or are merely markers of early pathology.
Andrianne Mini-Jupette Graft at the Time of Inflatable Penile Prosthesis Placement for the Management of Post-Prostatectomy Climacturia and Minimal Urinary Incontinence
Authors: Yafi Faysal A. , Andrianne Robert , Alzweri Laith , Brady Jeffrey , Butcher Michael , Chevalier Daniel , DeLay Kenneth J. , Faix Antoine , Hatzichristodoulou Georgios , Hellstrom Wayne J.G. , Jenkins Lawrence , Kohler Tobias S. , Osmonov Daniar , Park Sun Hung , Schwabb M. David , Valenzuela Robert , van Renterghem Koenraad , Wilson Steven K. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Background
After radical prostatectomy (RP), erectile dysfunction, often necessitating the need for inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) insertion, and urinary incontinence and climacturia can ensue.

Aim
To assess the efficacy and safety of the mini-jupette, a mesh used to approximate the medial aspects of the 2 corporotomies at the time of IPP insertion, for the management of climacturia and urine leakage in patients with minimal incontinence.

Methods
We conducted a pilot multicenter study of patients with post-RP erectile dysfunction and climacturia and/or mild urinary incontinence (≤2 pads/day [ppd]) undergoing IPP insertion with concomitant placement of a mini-jupette graft.

Outcomes
Pre- and postoperative erectile function, continence and climacturia, and overall surgical outcomes were assessed.

Results
38 patients underwent the mini-jupette procedure. The mean age of the population was 65.3 years (SD = 7.7). 30 had post-RP climacturia and 32 patients had post-RP incontinence (mean = 1.3 ppd, SD = 0.8). 31 patients received Coloplast Titan, 4 received AMS 700 LGX, and 3 received AMS 700 CX IPPs. Mean corporotomy size was 2.9 cm (SD = 1.0). Mean graft measurements were 3.2 cm (SD = 0.9) for width, 3.3 cm (SD = 1.3) for length, and 11.0 cm2 (SD = 5.1) for surface area. At a mean follow-up of 5.1 months (SD = 6.9), there were 5 postoperative complications (13.2%) of which 4 required explantation. Climacturia and incontinence were subjectively improved in 92.8% and 85.7%, respectively. Mean ppd decreased by 1.3 postoperatively.

Clinical Implications
The Andrianne mini-jupette is a feasible adjunct to IPP placement that can be used for subsets of patients with post-RP climacturia and/or minimal incontinence.

Strengths and Limitations
Strengths of this study include the novel nature of this intervention, the multi-institutional nature of the study, and the promising results demonstrated. Limitations include the retrospective nature of the study and the heterogeneity of the techniques and grafts used by different surgeons involved.

Conclusion
Longer follow-up and larger patient cohorts are needed to confirm the long-term safety and benefits of this intervention.
Stability of Genetic and Environmental Influences on Female Sexual Functioning
Authors: Burri Andrea , Ogata Soshiro 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Background
Genetic factors have been implicated in the etiology of female sexual dysfunction. Yet, how much the dynamic nature of sexual functioning is influenced by changes in genetic and/or environmental factors remains unknown.

Aim
To explore temporal stability of genetic and environmental influences on female sexual functioning over a 4-year period.

Methods
Data on desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, and pain were collected in 2009 and 2013 using the Female Sexual Function Index and were available for 1,209 British twin women.

Outcomes
To track the stability of genetic influences the Female Sexual Function Index sub-domain and total scores were subject to multivariate twin analyses for repeated measures.

Results
Desire showed a lower heritability at follow-up (37% vs 14%) whereas for arousal and sexual pain the heritability at follow-up was higher compared to baseline (28% vs 34% and 30% vs 45%, respectively). The heritability of lubrication remained stable at 27%. According to the best-fitting additive environmental (AE) Cholesky model for all domains except for sexual pain there were no new genetic factors expressing themselves over the 4-year period, but an addition of new, unique environmental determinants could be observed. For sexual pain an additional genetic factor could be observed at follow-up, explaining 39% of the phenotypic variance.

Clinical Translation
The biological pre-disposition to sexual problems seems to remain relatively stable over time.

Conclusions
This is the first study to investigate the genetic stability of female sexual functioning in a large population sample of women. White ethnicity and the relatively high mean age of women asks for caution in extrapolating the findings to other ethnic and age groups. The findings highlight the value of more in-depth exploration of the non-shared environmental influences that could provide clues to the mechanisms behind remittance and/or persistence of sexual problems. Integration of these findings may provide a useful conceptual framework for the treatment and prevention of certain types of sexual problems.
Ultrasound‐Guided Carpal Tunnel Release Using Dynamic Expansion of the Transverse Safe Zone in a Patient With Postpolio Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Henning Troy , Lueders Daniel , Chang Kate , Yang Lynda 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) in patients with postpolio syndrome occurs at a rate of 22%. Irrespective of those with CTS, 74% of postpolio patients weight bear through their arms for ambulation or transfers. As open carpal tunnel release is performed along the weight‐bearing region of the wrist, their functional independence may be altered while recovering. This case demonstrates that ultrasound‐guided carpal tunnel release was successfully performed in a patient with postpolio syndrome allowing him to immediately weight bear through his hands after the procedure so he could recover at home.Level of EvidenceV
Headache in Guillain–Barré Syndrome: Diagnostic and Management Implications
Authors: Alrohimi Anas , Jassal Rajive 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHeadache is an uncommon symptom in Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS). We review four clinical settings related to GBS in which headache may be present. We focus on pathophysiological explanations, alerting the clinician to further potential investigations and treatment. Most reports of headache in GBS occur in the context of the posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, an increasingly recognized dysautonomia-related GBS complication. Less frequent is headache in the setting of increased intracranial pressure and papilledema (secondary intracranial hypertension), Miller Fisher syndrome, and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. Rarely, headache can occur secondary to aseptic meningitis from IVIg use.
Hegel’s Treatment of Predication Considered in the Light of a Logic for the Actual World
Authors: Redding Paul 
Published: March 2018

AbstractOne prominent feature of analytic metaphysics in the second half of the twentieth century was the revival of metaphysical debate over modality, and in this paper I suggest that a particular position that emerged within this debate, ‘modal actualism’, bears a striking resemblance to the way that Hegel discusses modal notions in the final chapter of Book 2 of the Science of Logic, ‘Wirklichkeit’ or ‘Actuality’. Modal actualists opposed David Lewis’s counter-intuitive claims about the existence of alternate possible worlds, and aimed to reconcile the reality of alternate possibilities with the common-sense idea of the actual world as all there is. Like Hegel in the chapter ‘Actuality’, they thus argue that possible alternatives to the actual world must, somehow, exist within the actual world. Here I approach these issues via the ideas of John N. Findlay who, in the 1950s, had attempted to reintroduce Hegel into an Anglophone philosophical culture, but who also influenced the later development of modal actualism via his influence on the modal logician, Arthur Prior. Like certain actualists, Findlay distinguished between two modes of predication in order to distinguish, but relate, judgements about the actual from those about the possible. This predicative dualism is strikingly similar to the way Hegel distinguishes two types of predication in his treatment of judgement in Book 3 of the Science of Logic. Reading Hegel’s dualistic account of judgement structure against this background enables us to see how it was meant to provide a logical framework for the ‘actualist’ metaphysics he earlier sketched in the chapter, ‘Actuality’.
Estimating large-scale structures in wall turbulence using linear models
Authors: Illingworth Simon J. , Monty Jason P. , Marusic Ivan 
Published: March 2018

A dynamical systems approach is used to devise a linear estimation tool for channel flow at a friction Reynolds number of $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}=1000$. The estimator uses time-resolved velocity measurements at a single wall-normal location to estimate the velocity field at other wall-normal locations (the data coming from direct numerical simulations). The estimation tool builds on the work of McKeon & Sharma (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 658, 2010, pp. 336–382) by using a Navier–Stokes-based linear model and treating any nonlinear terms as unknown forcings to an otherwise linear system. In this way nonlinearities are not ignored, but instead treated as an unknown model input. It is shown that, while the linear estimator qualitatively reproduces large-scale flow features, it tends to overpredict the amplitude of velocity fluctuations – particularly for structures that are long in the streamwise direction and thin in the spanwise direction. An alternative linear model is therefore formed in which a simple eddy viscosity is used to model the influence of the small-scale turbulent fluctuations on the large scales of interest. This modification improves the estimator performance significantly. Importantly, as well as improving the performance of the estimator, the linear model with eddy viscosity is also able to predict with reasonable accuracy the range of wavenumber pairs and the range of wall-normal heights over which the estimator will perform well.
Game Changers: Detecting Shifts in Overdispersed Count Data
Authors: Blackwell Matthew 
Published: March 2018

In this paper, I introduce a Bayesian model for detecting changepoints in a time series of overdispersed counts, such as contributions to candidates over the course of a campaign or counts of terrorist violence. To avoid having to specify the number of changepoint ex ante, this model incorporates a hierarchical Dirichlet process prior to estimate the number of changepoints as well as their location. This allows researchers to discover salient structural breaks and perform inference on the number of such breaks in a given time series. I demonstrate the usefulness of the model with applications to campaign contributions in the 2012 U.S. Republican presidential primary and incidences of global terrorism from 1970 to 2015.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of protein and amino acid supplements in older adults with acute or chronic conditions
Authors: Cheng Heilok , Kong Jielan , Underwood Catherine , Petocz Peter , Hirani Vasant , Dawson Beryl , O’Leary Fiona 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe loss of lean body mass, muscle strength and physical function causes significant problems in older adults. Protein and amino acid supplements can preserve muscle strength but the effect on function is variable. We conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to investigate the effect of protein and amino acid supplementation on fat-free mass, muscle strength and physical function in malnourished, frail, sarcopenic, dependent or elderly with acute or chronic conditions, with or without rehabilitation exercise. Databases searched included Medline, BIOSIS, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EBM Reviews, Embase, Pre-Medline, ProQuest, PubMed and Scopus. Retrieved articles were assessed by two reviewers using the Cochrane Risk of Bias (ROB) Tool. In all, thirty nine randomised controlled trails (n 4274) were included. The studies used a range of protein or essential amino acid (EAA) supplements in a variety of settings, including hospital, community and long-term care. Only seven studies had low ROB and no effect of supplementation was found on any outcomes. Analysis of all thirty-nine studies suggest protein and EAA supplements may improve fat-free mass, muscle strength and physical function (standardised mean difference 0·21–0·27, all P<0·005), but significant heterogeneity and ROB was evident. Predetermined subgroup analysis found undernourished elderly benefitted most; EAA were the most effective supplements and small beneficial effects were seen without rehabilitation exercise. The high heterogeneity and few studies with low ROB limits the conclusions and more high quality studies are needed to determine the best nutritional strategies for the maintenance of strength and function with increasing age.
Cross-sectional association between sugar-sweetened beverage intake and cardiometabolic biomarkers in US women
Authors: Yu Zhi , Ley Sylvia H. , Sun Qi , Hu Frank B. , Malik Vasanti S. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractFew studies have evaluated the relationships between intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and intermediate biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk. Associations between artificially sweetened beverages (ASB) and fruit juice with cardiometabolic biomarkers are also unclear. We investigated habitual SSB, ASB and fruit juice intake in relation to biomarkers of hepatic function, lipid metabolism, inflammation and glucose metabolism. We analysed cross-sectional data from 8492 participants in the Nurses’ Health Study who were free of diabetes and CVD. Multivariate linear regression was used to assess the associations of SSB, ASB and fruit juice intake with concentrations of fetuin-A, alanine transaminase,γ-glutamyl transferase, TAG, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, C-reactive protein (CRP), intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion protein 1, adiponectin, insulin and HbA1cas well as total cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio. More frequent intake of SSB was significantly associated with higher concentrations of fetuin-A, TAG, CRP, ICAM-1, adiponectin and insulin, a higher total cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio, and a lower concentration of HDL-cholesterol (Ptrendranges from <0·0001 to 0·04) after adjusting for demographic, medical, dietary and lifestyle variables. ASB intake was marginally associated with increased concentrations of CRP (Ptrend=0·04) and adiponectin (Ptrend=0·01). Fruit juice intake was associated with increased concentrations of TAG and HbA1cand a lower concentration of adiponectin (Ptrendranges from <0·0001 to 0·01). In conclusion, habitual intake of SSB was associated with adverse levels of multiple cardiometabolic biomarkers. Associations between ASB and fruit juice with cardiometabolic risk markers warrant further exploration.