bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mismatch Repair Deficiency in Endometrial Cancer: Immunohistochemistry Staining and Clinical Implications
Authors: Doghri Raoudha , Houcine Yoldez , Boujelbène Nadia , Driss Maha , Charfi Lamia , Abbes Imène , Mrad Karima , Sellami Rim 
Published: September 2019

Introduction:
DNA mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency is associated with increased risk of developing several types of cancer and is the most common cause of hereditary endometrial cancer. Identification of the microsatellite instability (MSI) phenotype in endometrial carcinoma is important given that such tumors are frequent.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to assess the utility of immunohistochemistry (IHC), a simple and fast technique, in detecting MSI status in endometrial carcinoma and evaluate the correlation between the MSI phenotype and the various anatomo-clinical parameters.

Methods:
IHC expression of 4 markers (MLH1, MSH2, PMS2, and MSH6) was studied. For all IHC markers, a combined score based on the intensity of nuclear labeling and the percentage of labeled cells was defined to establish a score. Correlation between MSI phenotype and different clinicopathologic parameters was evaluated using statistical analysis (software STATA and the Fisher exact test).

Results:
The mean age of the patients was 58.6 years. Positive staining was highly extended (score 3) with 79% to 100% of marked cells. Less than 10% of positive tumor cells were seen in 3% of cases for MSH6 and PMS2. Abnormal MMR IHC was detected in 10 cases (22.22%). Seven tumors showed loss of MLH1/PMS2. The loss of MSH2/MSH6 was observed in 1 case. The loss of MLH1 or PMS2 was seen only in 2 cases. The number of MSI positive status was 10 cases (22.7%). Correlation between clinicopathologic parameters showed MMR deficiency was significantly associated with low-grade tumor and localized stage. There was no positive correlation between age, histologic subtype, or myometrium invasion.

Conclusions:
In summary, detection of DNA MMR deficiencies by IHC can effectively diagnose the MSI phenotype in endometrial carcinoma. Correlation between clinicopathologic parameters showed MMR deficiency was significantly associated with low-grade tumor and localized stage.
Rapid diagnosis of invasive candidiasis: ready for prime-time?
Authors: Clancy Cornelius J. , Nguyen Minh-Hong 
Published: September 2019

Purpose of review
We review the performance of culture-independent diagnostic tests (CIDTs), including β-d-glucan (BDG), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and T2Candida, in diagnosing invasive candidiasis, their potential roles in patient management, and unintended consequences of testing.

Recent findings
In a recent multicenter trial, T2Candida was 90% sensitive and 98% specific for diagnosing candidemia. A new study provided the first data for T2Candida in diagnosing deep-seated candidiasis, demonstrating sensitivity/specificity of 45%/96%. Two studies showed that ongoing T2Candida-positivity is associated with poor prognosis. In several studies, serum BDG and T2Candida, targeted to patients at-risk for invasive candidiasis, were useful in guiding treatment decisions and antifungal stewardship. A randomized, multicenter trial of BDG-guided empiric antifungal treatment is underway among critically ill patients. PCR performance was highly variable for candidemia and deep-seated candidiasis in recent studies. CIDT results may overstate bloodstream infections, according to current National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) definitions.

Summary
BDG and T2Candida are nearing prime-time status in the clinic. To be useful, testing must be directed to carefully chosen patients and specific clinical questions. Candida PCR is limited by a need for standardized methodologies and commercial assays. NHSN definitions of bloodstream infections must be revised in the era of CIDTs.
Antibiotics and adverse events: the role of antimicrobial stewardship programs in ‘doing no harm’
Authors: Bauer Karri A. , Kullar Ravina , Gilchrist Mark , File Thomas M. 
Published: September 2019

Purpose of review
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat worldwide, with deaths associated with AMR infections projected to exceed 10 million per year by the year 2050. The overuse and misuse of antibiotics is the primary driver of this resistance, with up to 50% of antibiotics prescribed in the hospital setting being either unnecessary or inappropriate. Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programs (ASPs) can mitigate some of this resistance, with the benefits well recognized; however, if we are to truly advance the state of AMS, the principles and practices should align with patient safety.

Recent findings
In a recent evaluation, among 1488 adult patients receiving systemic antibiotic therapy, 298 (20%) experienced at least one antibiotic-associated adverse drug event (ADE). Fifty-six (20%) nonclinically indicated antibiotic regimens were associated with an ADE. It is also well recognized that besides ADEs, the inappropriate use of antibiotics is associated the development of multidrug-resistant infections and Clostridium difficile infection.

Summary
Currently, there is a significant gap in ASPs correlating initiatives with patient safety goals, including reductions in antibiotic-associated ADEs and multidrug-resistant infections. Therefore, in this article, we provide the rationale for why ASPs are best suited to lead a collaborative effort to prevent antibiotic-associated ADEs and multidrug-resistant infections.
Cultivating river sediments into efficient denitrifying sludge for treating municipal wastewater
Authors: Hou Liangang , Li Jun , Zheng Zhaoming , Sun Qi , Liu Yitao , Zhang Kai 
Published: September 2019

The river sediment contains a lot of pollutants in many cases, and needs to be treated appropriately for the restoration of water environments. In this study, a novel method was developed to convert river sediment into denitrifying sludge in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The river sediment was added into the reactor daily and the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of the reactor was gradually reduced from 8 to 4 h. The reactor achieved in the

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removal efficiency of 85% with the

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removal rate of 0.27 kg N m
−3
d
−1
. Response surface analysis represents that nitrate removal was affected mainly by HRT, followed by sediment addition. The denitrifying sludge achieved the highest activity with the following conditions:

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50 mg l
−1
, HRT 6 h and adding 6 ml river sediments to 1 l wastewater of reactor per day. As a result, the cultivated denitrifying sludge could remove 80%

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for real municipal wastewater, and the high-throughput sequence analysis indicated that major denitrifying bacteria genera and the relative abundance in the cultivated denitrifying sludge were
Diaphorobacter
(33.82%) and
Paracoccus
(24.49%). The river sediments cultivating method in this report can not only obtain denitrifying sludge, but also make use of sediment resources, which has great application potential.
Prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shiferaw Wondimeneh Shibabaw , Yirga Tadesse , Work Yeshamble , Aynalem Yared Asmare 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionDiabetes mellitus is a global health care problem and financially costly. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is common and frequent cause of morbidity and disability. Despite its serious complications, limited evidence is available on the magnitude of diabetic peripheral neuropathy among patient with diabetes mellitus. Hence, the objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the pooled prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy among patients with diabetes mellitus in Africa.MethodsPubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Africa journal online, WHO afro library and Cochrane review were systematically searched online to retrieve related articles. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guideline was followed. Heterogeneity across the included studies was evaluated by inconsistency index (I2). Publication bias was examined by funnel plot and Egger’s regression test. The random-effect model was fitted to estimate the pooled prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy among diabetes mellitus patients. All statistical analysis was done using STATA version 14 software for windows.ResultsTwenty-three studies which comprises of 269,691 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The overall pooled prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy was 46% (95% CI:36.21-55.78%). Based on the subgroup analysis, the highest magnitude of diabetic peripheral neuropathy was reported in West Africa 49.4% (95% CI: 32.74, 66.06).ConclusionThis study revealed that the overall prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy is relatively high in Africa. Hence, diabetic peripheral neuropathy needs situation based intervention and preventive strategy depending on their country context. Furthermore, further meta-analysis study is needed to identify associated factors for the occurrence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
Predictive Metagenomic Analysis of Autoimmune Disease Identifies Robust Autoimmunity and Disease Specific Microbial Signatures
Authors: Volkova Angelina , Ruggles Kelly V. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTWithin the last decade, numerous studies have demonstrated changes in the gut microbiome associated with specific autoimmune diseases. Due to differences in study design, data quality control, analysis and statistical methods, many results of these studies are inconsistent and incomparable. To better understand the relationship between the intestinal microbiome and autoimmunity, we have completed a comprehensive re-analysis of 42 studies focusing on the gut microbiome in twelve autoimmune diseases to identify a microbial signature predictive of multiple sclerosis (MS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and general autoimmune disease using both 16S rRNA sequencing data and shotgun metagenomics data. To do this, we used four machine learning algorithms, random forest, eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), ridge regression and support vector machine with radial kernel and recursive feature elimination to rank disease predictive taxa comparing disease vs. healthy participants and pairwise comparisons of each disease. Comparing the performance of these models, we found XGBoost and random forest, tree-based methods capable of handling sparse multidimensional data, to consistently produce the best results. Through this modeling, we identified a number of taxa consistently identified as dysregulated in a general autoimmune disease model includingOdoribacter, Lachnospiraceae ClostridiumandMogibacteriaceaeimplicating all as potential factors connecting the gut microbiome and to autoimmune response. Further, we computed pairwise comparison models to identify disease specific taxa signatures highlighting a role forPeptostreptococcaceaeandRuminococcaceae Gemmigerin IBD andAkkermansia, Butyricicoccus and Mogibacteriaceaein MS. We then connected a subset of these taxa with potential metabolic alterations based on metagenomic/metabolomic correlation analysis, identifying 250 metabolites associated with autoimmunity-predictive taxa.
Neurocognitive development of inhibitory control and substance use vulnerability
Authors: Quach Alina , Tervo-Clemmens Brenden , Foran William , Calabro Finnegan J. , Chung Tammy , Clark Duncan B. , Luna Beatriz 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPrevious research indicates that risk for substance use is associated with poor inhibitory control. However, it remains unclear whether at risk youth use follow divergent patterns of inhibitory control development. As part of the longitudinal National Consortium on Adolescent Neurodevelopment and Alcohol (NCANDA) study, participants (N= 113, baseline age: 12-21) completed a rewarded antisaccade task during fMRI, with up to three time points. We examined whether substance use risk factors, including dimensional measures of psychopathology (externalizing, internalizing) and family history of substance use disorder, were associated with developmental differences in inhibitory control performance and BOLD activation at both the trial-level and within individual antisaccade epochs (cue, preparation, and response). Among substance use risk factors, only externalizing psychopathology predicted developmental differences in inhibitory control, where high externalizing predicted lower correct response rates and faster latencies were observed in early adolescence, but normalized by late adolescence. Neuroimaging results revealed high externalizing was associated with developmentally-stable hypo-activation in the left middle frontal gyrus (trial-level), but divergent developmental patterns of posterior parietal cortex activation (cue epoch). Developmental differences in inhibitory control associated with externalizing suggest early adolescence may be a unique period of substance use vulnerability via cognitive and phenotypic disinhibition.HighlightsCharacterized inhibitory control development in adolescents at-risk for substance use.Externalizing psychopathology is associated with lower antisaccade correct response rate and faster latencies in early adolescence.Externalizing performance differences normalize by late adolescence.Externalizing is associated with prefrontal hypo-activation across development.Externalizing moderates age-related increases in posterior parietal cortex activity.
Modulation of brain activity by selective attention to audiovisual dialogues
Authors: Leminen Alina , Verwoert Maxime , Moisala Mona , Salmela Viljami , Wikman Patrik , Alho Kimmo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn real-life noisy situations, we can selectively attend to conversations in the presence of irrelevant voices, but neurocognitive mechanisms in such natural listening situations remaiin largely unexplored. Previous research has shown distributed activity in the mid superior temporal gyrus (STG) and sulcus (STS) while listening to speech and human voices, in the posterior STS and fusiform gyrus when combining auditory, visual and linguistic information, as well as in lefthemisphere temporal and frontal cortical areas during comprehension. In the present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we investigated how selective attention modulates neural responses to naturalistic audiovisual dialogues. Our healthy adult participants (N = 15) selectively attended to video-taped dialogues between a man and woman in the presence of irrelevant continuous speech in the background. We modulated the auditory quality of dialogues with noise vocoding and their visual quality by masking speech-related facial movements. Both increased auditory quality and increased visual quality were associated with bilateral activity enhancements in the STG/STS. In addition, decreased audiovisual stimulus quality elicited enhanced fronto-parietal activity, presumably reflecting increased attentional demands. Finally, attention to the dialogues, in relation to a control task where a fixation cross was attended and the dialogue ignored, yielded enhanced activity in the left planum polare, angular gyrus, the right temporal pole, as well as in the orbitofrontal/ventromedial prefrontal cortex and posterior cingulate gyrus. Our findings suggest that naturalistic conversations effectively engage participants and reveal brain networks related to social perception in addition to speech and semantic processing networks.
Characterization of non-canonical G beta-like protein FvGbb2 and its relationship with heterotrimeric G proteins in Fusarium verticillioides
Authors: Yan Huijuan , Shim Won Bo 
Published: September 2019

SummaryFusarium verticillioides is a fungal pathogen that is responsible for maize ear rot and stalk rot diseases worldwide. The fungus also produces carcinogenic mycotoxins, fumonisins, on infested maize. Unfortunately, we still lack clear understanding of how the pathogen responds to host and environmental stimuli to trigger fumonisin biosynthesis. The heterotrimeric G protein complex, consisting of canonical Gα, Gβ, and Gγ subunits, is involved in transducing signals from external stimuli to regulate downstream signal transduction pathways. Previously, we demonstrated that Gβ protein FvGbb1 has direct impact on fumonisin regulation but no other physiological aspects in F. verticillioides. In this study, we identified and characterized a putative receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) homolog FvGbb2 as a putative Gβ-like protein in F. verticillioides. The mutant exhibited severe defects not only in fumonisin biosynthesis but also vegetative growth and conidiation. FvGbb2 was positively associated with carbon source utilization and stress agents but negatively regulated general amino acid control. While FvGbb2 does not interact with canonical G protein subunits, it may interact with diverse proteins in the cytoplasm to regulate vegetative growth, virulence, fumonisin biosynthesis, and stress response in F. verticillioides.
Replication gaps underlie BRCA-deficiency and therapy response
Authors: Panzarino Nicholas J. , Krais John , Peng Min , Mosqueda Michelle , Nayak Sumeet , Bond Samuel , Calvo Jennifer , Cong Ke , Doshi Mihir , Bere Matt , Ou Jianhong , Deng Bin , Zhu Lihua Julie , Johnson Neil , Cantor Sharon B. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCancers that are deficient in BRCA1 or BRCA2 are hypersensitive to genotoxic agents, including platinums and other first-line chemotherapeutics. The established models propose that these cancers are hypersensitive because the chemotherapies block or degrade DNA replication forks and thereby create DNA double strand breaks, both of which require functional BRCA proteins to prevent or resolve by mechanisms termed fork protection (FP) or homologous recombination (HR). However, recent findings challenge this dogma because genotoxic agents do not initially cause DNA double strand breaks or stall replication forks. Here, we propose a new model for genotoxic chemotherapy in which ssDNA replication gaps underlie the hypersensitivity of BRCA deficient cancer, and we propose that defects in HR or FP do not. Specifically, we observed that ssDNA gaps develop in BRCA deficient cells because DNA replication is not effectively restrained in response to genotoxic stress. Moreover, we observe gap suppression (GS) by either restored fork restraint or by gap filling, both of which conferred resistance to therapy in tissue culture and BRCA patient tumors. In contrast, restored HR and FP were not sufficient to prevent hypersensitivity if ssDNA gaps were not eliminated. Together, these data suggest that ssDNA replication gaps underlie the BRCA cancer phenotype, “BRCAness,” and we propose are fundamental to the mechanism of action of genotoxic chemotherapies.
Comparing ANSYS Fluent® and OpenFOAM® simulations of Geldart A, B and D bubbling fluidized bed hydrodynamics
Authors: Venier Cesar Martin , Reyes Urrutia Andrés , Capossio Juan Pablo , Baeyens Jan , Mazza Germán 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to assess the performance of ANSYS Fluent® and OpenFOAM®, at their current state of development, to study the relevant bubbling fluidized bed (BFB) characteristics with Geldart A, B and D particles.

Design/methodology/approach
For typical Geldart B and D particles, both a three-dimensional cylindrical and a pseudo-two-dimensional arrangement were used to measure the bed pressure drop and solids volume fraction, the latter by digital image analysis techniques. For a typical Geldart A particle, specifically to examine bubbling and slugging phenomena, a 2 m high three-dimensional cylindrical arrangement of small internal diameter was used. The hydrodynamics of the experimentally investigated BFB cases were also simulated for identical geometries and operating conditions using OpenFOAM® v6.0 and ANSYS Fluent® v19.2 at identical mesh and numerical setups.

Findings
The comparison between experimental and simulated results showed that both ANSYS Fluent® and OpenFOAM® provide a fair qualitative prediction of the bubble sizes and solids fraction for freely-bubbling Geldart B and D particles. For Geldart A particles, operated in a slugging mode, the qualitative predictions are again quite fair, but numerical values of relevant slug characteristics (length, velocity and frequency) slightly favor the use of OpenFOAM®, despite some deviations of predicted slug velocities.

Originality/value
A useful comparison of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software performance for different fluidized regimes is presented. The results are discussed and recommendations are formulated for the selection of the CFD software and models involved.
The role of the organization in the entrepreneur–opportunity nexus
Authors: Zanella Gianluca , Castro Solano Dante B. , Hallam Cory R.A. , Guda Teja 
Published: September 2019

PurposeEntrepreneurial and strategic actions are crucial for wealth creation, and the business opportunity is a critical factor in this process. The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of the firm’s strategic posture in the relationship between individual alertness and opportunity identification within an existing firm. This approach contributes to entrepreneurship theory building through a multilevel study.Design/methodology/approachThe quantitative research focuses on understanding the mediating role of an organization’s strategic posture in the opportunity identification process. Using a sample of 276 firms, this study tests a two-level model to explain opportunity identification.FindingsThe findings provide empirical evidence that a firm’s strategic posture mediates the relationship between individual alertness and opportunity identification. Furthermore, this study finds differences in the mediating role of a firm’s strategic posture through which entrepreneurs and managers affect opportunity identification. Years after the creation of startup, the entrepreneurs still exhibit entrepreneurial characteristics that affect opportunity identification. The findings provide evidence that entrepreneurs foster an internal culture and set of values that are more favorable to radical innovation, compared to managers who favor incremental and less risky projects.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest the possibility for new theory building that can improve the fields of entrepreneurship and management research. Moreover, the proposed model constitutes a new approach to analyze the mediating role of an organization’s strategic posture in the opportunity identification process.Originality/valueThis paper provides an original approach to literature in exploring the relationship between entrepreneurial alertness and firm’s strategic posture in explaining the opportunity identification process. This work will help expand the theory building that explores differences between managers and entrepreneurs in organizations.