bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modular In Situ Functionalization Strategy: Multicomponent Polymerization by Palladium/Norbornene Cooperative Catalysis
Authors: Yoon Ki‐Young , Dong Guangbin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHerein, we report a cooperatively palladium/norbornene‐catalyzed polymerization, which simplifies the synthesis of functional aromatic polymers, including conjugated polymers. Specifically, an A2B2C‐type multicomponent polymerization that is based on an ortho amination/ipso alkynylation reaction was developed for the preparation of various amine‐functionalized arylacetylene‐containing polymers. Within a single catalytic cycle, the amine side chains are site‐selectively installed in situ by C−H activation during the polymerization process, which represents a major difference from conventional cross‐coupling polymerizations. This “in situ functionalization” strategy enables the modular incorporation of functional side chains starting from simple monomers, thereby conveniently affording a diverse range of functional polymers.
Correlation of Lyme Disease–Associated IgG4 Autoantibodies With Synovial Pathology in Antibiotic‐Refractory Lyme Arthritis
Authors: Sulka Katherine B. , Strle Klemen , Crowley Jameson T. , Lochhead Robert B. , Anthony Robert , Steere Allen C. 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveTo determine whether IgG subclasses of Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies differ from those of 3 Lyme disease (LD)–associated autoantibodies.MethodsIgG antibody subclasses were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in serum samples from 215 patients with features representative of each of the 3 stages of LD. Antibody and cytokine profiles were measured in matched serum and synovial fluid (SF) samples from patients with Lyme arthritis. Synovial tissue from patients with antibiotic‐refractory arthritis was examined for histologic features, IgG subclasses of plasma cells, and messenger RNA (mRNA) subclass expression.ResultsB burgdorferi antibodies were primarily of the IgG1 and IgG3 subclasses, and the levels increased as the infection progressed. In contrast, LD‐associated autoantibodies were mainly of the IgG2 and IgG4 subclasses, and these responses were found primarily in patients with either antibiotic‐refractory or antibiotic‐responsive arthritis, particularly in SF. However, compared with the responsive group, the inflammatory milieu in SF in the refractory group was enriched for cytokines representative of innate, Th1, Th2, and Th17 responses. Synovial tissue in a subgroup of patients with refractory arthritis showed marked expression of mRNA for IgG4 antibodies and large numbers of IgG4‐staining plasma cells. IgG4 autoantibodies in SF to each of the 3 LD‐associated autoantigens correlated with the magnitude of obliterative microvascular lesions and fibrosis in the tissue.ConclusionOur findings indicate that the subclasses of IgG antibodies to B burgdorferi differ from those of LD‐associated autoantibodies. Furthermore, the correlation of IgG4 autoantibodies with specific synovial pathology in the refractory group suggests a role for these autoantibodies, either protective or pathologic, in antibiotic‐refractory Lyme arthritis.
Brief Report: Risk of Childhood Rheumatic and Nonrheumatic Autoimmune Diseases in Children Born to Women With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Couture Julie , Bernatsky Sasha , Scott Susan , Pineau Christian A. , Vinet Evelyne 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveSeveral autoimmune diseases have familial aggregation and, possibly, common genetic predispositions. In a large population‐based study, we evaluated whether children born to mothers with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have an increased risk of rheumatic and nonrheumatic autoimmune diseases versus children born to mothers without SLE.MethodsUsing the Offspring of SLE Mothers Registry, we identified children born live to SLE mothers and their matched controls, and ascertained autoimmune diseases based on ≥1 hospitalization or ≥2 physician visits with a relevant diagnostic code. We adjusted for maternal age, education, race/ethnicity, obstetric complications, calendar birth year, and sex of child.ResultsA total of 509 women with SLE had 719 children, while 5,824 matched controls had 8,493 children. The mean ± SD follow‐up period was 9.1 ± 5.8 years. Children born to mothers with SLE had a similar frequency of rheumatic autoimmune diagnoses (0.14%; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.01–0.90) versus controls (0.19% [95% CI 0.11–0.32]). There was a trend toward more nonrheumatic autoimmune diseases in SLE offspring (1.11% [95% CI 0.52–2.27]) versus controls (0.48% [95% CI 0.35–0.66]). In multivariate analyses, we did not see a clear increase in rheumatic autoimmune disease (odds ratio [OR] 0.71 [95% CI 0.11–4.82]), but children born to mothers with SLE had a substantially increased risk of nonrheumatic autoimmune disease versus controls (OR 2.30 [95% CI 1.06–5.03]).ConclusionAlthough the vast majority of offspring have no autoimmune disease, children born to women with SLE may have an increased risk of nonrheumatic autoimmune diseases versus controls. Additional studies assessing offspring through to adulthood would be additionally enlightening.
Sulfonylation of Benzylic C−H Bonds through the Reaction of Aryl(o‐tolyl)methanones with Sulfonyl Hydrazides or Sulfonyl Chlorides
Authors: Gong Xinxing , Chen Jiahao , Li Xiaofang , Xie Wenlin , Wu Jie 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA sulfonylation of benzylic C−H bonds of aryl(o‐tolyl)methanones with arylsulfonyl hydrazides or arylsulfonyl chlorides has been developed. Arylsulfonyl hydrazides and arylsulfonyl chlorides were employed as sulfonylating reagents respectively to complete this transformation. During the reaction, enols were generated in situ from aryl(o‐tolyl)methanones under UV irradiation, and subsequently reacted with sulfonyl radicals to provide a range of aryl(2‐(arylsulfonylmethyl)aryl)methanones.
A distinctively expressed long noncoding RNA, RP11‐466I1.1, may serve as a prognostic biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Junyong , Zhang Di , Zhao Qi , Qi Jianni , Li Xiao , Qin Chengyong 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIt is urgent to explore effective diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Now, both lncRNAs and lipid metabolism are involved in tumor pathogenesis. Long noncoding RNA, RP11‐466I1.1, could likely be linked to lipid metabolism according to our bioinformatics analysis, yet studies about RP11‐466I1.1 expression in tumors and its potential functions are still lacking. We aimed to explore the expression and correlations with clinical features of a long noncoding RNA, RP11‐466I1.1, and further analyze its diagnostic and prognostic values in hepatocellular carcinoma. Expression levels of RP11‐466I1.1 were detected by quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) in tissue and serum level, and expression differences were analyzed by independent 2‐tailed t tests. Clinical features were obtained, and their correlations with RP11‐466I1.1 were analyzed by chi‐squared test. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was performed to assess the diagnostic value. Kaplan‐Meier method and log‐rank test were used to evaluate the prognostic value of RP11‐466I1.1. Results showed that RP11‐466I1.1 was upregulated in HCC tissues (P < .01) and serum (P < .05). Significant upregulation of RP11‐466I1.1 in HCC tissues with poor histological grade (P < .01) and incomplete tumor capsule (P < .01) was found compared to that with better histological grade and complete tumor capsule, respectively. The diagnostic value of RP11‐466I1.1 was not supported by ROC curve analysis (AUROC=0.665, P = .079). Yet, the significant correlation of RP11‐466I1.1 with poor prognosis indicated its potential prognostic value in HCC. This study suggested that RP11‐466I1.1 is distinctively expressed in HCC and may serve as a promising novel prognostic biomarker. The concrete mechanisms of RP11‐466I1.1 playing roles in HCC pathogenesis need further study.
Upregulation of miR‐374a promotes tumor metastasis and progression by downregulating LACTB and predicts unfavorable prognosis in breast cancer
Authors: Zhang Jun , He Yuting , Yu Yan , Chen Xiaolong , Cui Guangying , Wang Weiwei , Zhang Xiaojian , Luo Yonggang , Li Juan , Ren Fang , Ren Zhigang , Sun Ranran 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBreast cancer (BRCA) is the second leading cause of cancer‐related death among female worldwide. Recent studies have revealed that LACTB was frequently repressed and functioned as a bona fide new tumor suppressor in a series of cancers, including BRCA. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying LACTB dysregulation in BRCA have not been reported. In the present study, we find that LACTB is repressed in BRCA and associated with poor prognosis by BRCA tissue microarray (TMA) analysis. Moreover, we confirm that LACTB is a direct target of miR‐374a, which is significantly overexpressed and associated with malignancies in BRCA. Mechanistically, applying loss‐of‐function and gain‐of‐function approaches in a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments show that miR‐374a knockdown suppresses the cell proliferative and colony formation activity, as well as migration and invasion capacity, but LACTB silencing in these cells reverses this change. Furthermore, we find that miR‐374a silencing markedly reduces the tumor growth in xenograft mouse models. In summary, our findings suggest the miR‐374a/LACTB axis plays a critical role in the tumorigenicity and progression of BRCA. miR‐374a/LACTB axis may be a potential target in the development of therapeutic strategies for BRCA patients.
Selected Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) Genotypes Suitable for PDO Cheeses in Mediterranean Regions
Authors: Barracosa Paulo , Rosa Nuno , Barros Marlene , Pires Euclides 
Published: May 2018

Cardoon flower extract is a traditional and exclusive rennet used for some PDO cheeses in several Mediterranean regions, due to its extremely high concentration in cardosins. In this preliminary study, six individual cardoon genotypes (1M – 6M) were selected because they revealed a wide and consistent diversity of total and specific cardosin concentrations in flowers. During three growing seasons, the stability of 12 biochemical characteristics of flower extracts and 26 plant morphological descriptors was confirmed. Surprisingly, the cardosin profiles of each genotype, based on four main groups A0, A1, A and B, were stable during the annual flower harvesting period and over all three years using ion‐exchange chromatography and native‐PAGE electrophoresis. This knowledge will allow an improvement in the quality and standardization of cardosin profiles from cardoon flowers used for cheese production and other innovative applications. The results obtained are promising for the development of a plant breeding program based on biochemical and morphological characteristics in order to obtain the most adapted plant architecture for combined purposes related to specific cardosins composition, flower and plant biomass production, and ease of harvesting.
A Redox‐Based Superoxide Generation System Using Quinone/Quinone Reductase
Authors: Singh Shailesh Kumar , Husain Syed Masood 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSuperoxide (O2.−) generation in biological systems is achieved through some of the most complex enzymatic systems. Of these, only xanthine/xanthine oxidase has been used for in vitro biochemical studies. However, it suffers from limitations such as a lack of suitable heterologous expression system for xanthine oxidase and the irreversible consumption and low solubility of xanthine under physiological conditions. Herein, we report a redox‐based, enzyme‐catalyzed system, in which autoxidation of hydroquinone to quinone via semiquinone results in superoxide generation. Quinone is reduced back to hydroquinone by using the NfsB (oxygen‐insensitive nitroreductase) enzyme of Escherichia coli strain K‐12 and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydride (NADPH; which is regenerated by using the glucose/glucose dehydrogenase system). This new system relies on quinones that can be recycled and have superior water solubility, as well as enzymes that are heterologously expressed. By using a variety of quinones and reaction conditions, along with a comparison of real‐time fluorescence, menadione has been identified as the optimal substrate for superoxide generation. The new redox‐based system presents a viable alternative for studying the biochemistry of superoxide under different physiological and pathological conditions.
Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate promotes the proliferation and attenuates apoptosis of Endothelial progenitor cells via S1PR1/S1PR3/PI3K/Akt pathway
Authors: Wang Hang , Huang Hao , Ding Shi‐Fang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lysophospholipid that involves in numerous pathophysiological processes. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play a crucial role in endothelial repair and tumor angiogenesis. The aim of study was to determine the effects of S1P on proliferation and anti‐apoptosis of EPCs and their signaling pathways. In this study, we showed that S1P, SEW2871 (a selective S1P receptor 1 (S1PR1) agonist), or CYM5541 (a selective S1P receptor 3 (S1PR3) allosteric agonist promotes the proliferation and attenuates apoptosis of bone marrow (BM)‐derived EPCs. Futhermore, it was showed that S1P could promote EPCs proliferation, which could be significantly inhibited by pretreatment with CAY10444 (an S1PR3 antagonist), VPC23019 (a selective S1PR(1)/S1PR(3) antagonist), or LY294002 (a PI3K inhibitor). Moveover, we discovered that S1P could significantly attenuate H2O2‐induced apoptosis and activation of caspase‐3 in vitro, while W146 (an S1PR1 antagonist), VPC23019, or LY294002 could significantly increase the activation of caspase‐3 and subsequent augmented apoptosis. Our results indicated that the protective effect of S1P is mediated by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway. In addition, S1P promotion of EPCs proliferation was observed to be mainly mediated through S1PR3 and attenuation of EPCs apoptosis induced by H2O2 was mainly mediated through S1PR1; both of these effects are mediated by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway, which provides potentially useful therapeutic targets for coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, and cancer treatment.
Coupled Carbon, Mn(II), and Nitrogen Cycles in a Mixotrophic Biofilm Reactor and Microbial Community Structure
Authors: Su Jun Feng , Liang Dong Hui , Wei Li , Luo Xian Xin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA novel mixotrophic biofilm reactor (MBR) was operated to simultaneously remove total organic carbon, nitrate, and Mn(II). Effects of some key factors on mixotrophic denitrification were investigated in lab‐scale bioreactors. Optimized conditions obtained from the MBR were used to validate the experiments, proving their feasibility. High‐throughput sequencing was employed to analyze the microbial communities of the MBR. The community diversity in the MBR was markedly influenced by the ratio of Cinorganic:Corganic. The species were increased with lower Cinorganic:Corganic concentration. Pseudomonas was detected as the dominant species in the MBR, indicating that Pseudomonas sp. SZF15 and Pseudomonas sp. H‐117 play a primary role in the process of nitrate removal.
Sustainable Electron Shuttling Processes Mediated by In Situ‐Deposited Phenoxazine
Authors: Wu Yundang , Liu Wei , Liu Tongxu , Li Fangbai , Xiao Tangfu , Wu Qihang , He Yizhou 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPhenoxazine and quinone are typical electron mediators in natural and engineered systems. Although the electron shuttling process of quinone has been well studied, phenoxazine is poorly characterized. Here, a model phenoxazine (resazurin) was examined as an electron mediator in a bioelectrochemical system with Shewanella oneidensis MR‐1. Results showed that the current generation was substantially enhanced by the presence of phenoxazine, and was almost unaffected even after replacing the original medium with a fresh medium without phenoxazine. This is completely different to the well‐known quinones used as electron mediators. Further study suggested that, resorufin (RR), as an intermediate product, was deposited in situ onto the electrode. The RR deposition was suggested to be a dominant mechanism for stabilizing the electron shuttling efficiency by phenoxazine. This study proposed a novel electron shuttling mechanism of phenoxazine and may provide a new insight into the extracellular electron transfer.
Highly Luminescent Dual Mode Polymeric Nanofiber‐Based Flexible Mat for White Security Paper and Encrypted Nanotaggant Applications
Authors: Gangwar Amit Kumar , Gupta Ashish , Kedawat Garima , Kumar Pawan , Singh Bhanu Pratap , Singh Nidhi , Srivastava Avanish K. , Dhakate Sanjay R. , Gupta Bipin Kumar 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIncreasing counterfeiting of important data, currency, stamp papers, branded products etc., has become a major security threat which could lead to serious damage to the global economy. Consequences of such damage are compelling for researchers to develop new high‐end security features to address full‐proof solutions. Herein, we report a dual mode flexible highly luminescent white security paper and nanotaggants composed of nanophosphors incorporated in polymer matrix to form a nanofiber‐based mat for anti‐counterfeiting applications. The dual mode nanofibers are fabricated by electrospinning technique by admixing the composite of NaYF4:Eu3+@NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+ nanophosphors in the polyvinyl alcohol solution. This flexible polymer mat derived from nanofibers appears white in daylight, while emitting strong red (NaYF4:Eu3+) and green (NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+) colors at excitation wavelengths of 254 nm and 980 nm, respectively. These luminescent nanofibers can also be encrypted as a new class of nanotaggants to protect confidential documents. These obtained results suggest that highly luminescent dual mode polymeric nanofiber‐based flexible white security paper and nanotaggants could offer next‐generation high‐end unique security features against counterfeiting.
Cell‐Surface Engineering for Advanced Cell Therapy
Authors: Lee Jungkyu K. , Choi Insung S. , Oh Tong In , Lee EunAh 
Published: May 2018

AbstractStem cells opened great opportunity to overcome diseases that conventional therapy had only limited success. Use of scaffolds made from biomaterials not only helps handling of stem cells for delivery or transplantation but also supports enhanced cell survival. Likewise, cell encapsulation can provide stability for living animal cells even in a state of separateness. Although various chemical reactions were tried to encapsulate stolid microbial cells such as yeasts, a culture environment for the growth of animal cells allows only highly biocompatible reactions. Therefore, the animal cells were mostly encapsulated in hydrogels, which resulted in enhanced cell survival. Interestingly, major findings of chemistry on biological interfaces demonstrate that cell encapsulation in hydrogels have a further a competence for modulating cell characteristics that can go beyond just enhancing the cell survival. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview on the chemical reactions applied to hydrogel‐based cell encapsulation and their effects on the characteristics and behavior of living animal cells.
The Gold(I)‐Mediated Domino Reaction to Fused Diphenyl Phosphoniumfluorenes: Mechanistic Consequences for Gold‐Catalyzed Hydroarylations and Application in Solar Cells
Authors: Arndt Sebastian , Borstelmann Jan , Eshagh Saatlo Rebeka , Antoni Patrick W. , Rominger Frank , Rudolph Matthias , An Qingzhi , Vaynzof Yana , Hashmi A. Stephen K. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are the groups of Yana Vaynzof and A. Stephen K. Hashmi at Heidelberg University. The image depicts a golden billiard ball that hits phosphadiine, which undergoes phosphinoauration. Subsequently, 6‐endo‐dig cyclization yields a gold‐phosphafluorene complex. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201800460.
High‐performance liquid chromatography quantification of enantiomers of a Dihydroxylated tetrahydrofuran natural product
Authors: Li Ke , Fissette Skye D. , Buchinger Tyler J. , Middleton Zoe E. , Boyer Alistair , Li Weiming 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBoth enantiomers of petromyroxol are putative pheromones in sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus). Here, we describe the separation and quantification of the petromyroxol enantiomers using high‐performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The separation was tested on a wide range of chiral columns with normal phases, and effects of the chromatographic parameters such as mobile phase and temperature on the separation were optimized. The AD‐H column showed the best separation of enantiomers with n‐hexane and ethanol as the mobile phase. The enantiomers were detected by multiple reaction monitoring with a positive atmospheric‐pressure chemical ionization on triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. Validation revealed that the method was specific, accurate, and precise. The validated method was applied to measure the amount of petromyroxol enantiomers in water conditioned with sea lamprey larvae, the source of the putative pheromone. This method will be applied in quantifying the natural scalemic petromyroxol mixture, enabling further investigations of a rare non‐racemic enantiomeric pheromone mixture in a vertebrate species.
Synthetic Strategies for Constructing Two‐Dimensional Metal‐Organic Layers (MOLs): A Tutorial Review
Authors: Cao Lingyun , Wang Tingting , Wang Cheng 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) metal‐organic layers (MOLs) are the 2D version of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) with nanometer thickness in one dimension. MOLs are also known as 2D‐MOFs, 2D coordination polymers, ultrathin MOF nanosheets (UMOFNs) or coordination nanosheets in literature. This new category of 2D materials has attracted a lot of interests because of the opportunity in combining molecular chemistry, surface/interface chemistry and material chemistry of low dimensional materials in these systems. Several synthetic strategies have been developed for the construction of 2D MOLs, but the general synthesis of MOLs still presents a challenge. This tutorial level review summarizes the recent progress in the fabrication of novel 2D MOLs and aims to highlight challenges in this field.
Chiral Amino Acids‐Derived Catalysts and Ligands
Authors: Liu Xiaohua , Dong Shunxi , Lin Lili , Feng Xiaoming 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTransforming amino acids into novel catalysts and ligands is a remarkable subset of new catalyst development in order to imitate enzymatic efficiencies. Their ability to perform a variety of asymmetric catalytic reactions is complimented by their ready availability, rich transformations, stability and easy procedure. Herein, we focused on describing our endeavor of developing new catalysts and ligands from primary and secondary amino acids. It includes C2‐symmetric N,N'‐dioxides, guanidine‐amides, bispidine‐based diamines, and other organic salts. The account covered a brief introduction about their discovery, representative applications and related mechanisms.