bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intermittent hypoxia training improves cerebral blood flow without cognitive impairment
Authors: Zhang Qihan , Wang Qing , Jin Feiyang , Huang Dan , Ji Xunming , Wang Yuan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveBrief exposure to intermittent hypoxia has been shown to potentially induce protective effects in the body. Animal studies suggest that intermittent hypoxia could increase cerebral blood flow and confer resistance to subsequent hypoxic–ischemic injury, yet clinical investigations are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a moderate short‐term intermittent hypoxia protocol on cerebral blood flow and cognitive performance.MethodsSubjects who met the inclusion criteria were recruited to this study and randomized into the intermittent hypoxia group or the control group, which receives intermittent hypoxia training and sham‐intermittent hypoxia training, respectively. Cerebral hemodynamics, cognitive performance, cerebral perfusion pressure, and oxygen saturation were assessed before and after the intervention.ResultsA total of 100 healthy participants were included in this study. Compared to the control group, the intermittent hypoxia group exhibited higher peak systolic blood flow velocity (108.64 ± 22.53 vs. 100.21 ± 19.06, p = 0.049) and cerebrovascular conduction index (0.74 ± 0.17 vs. 0.66 ± 0.21, p = 0.027), and lower cerebrovascular resistance index (1.41 ± 0.29 vs. 1.54 ± 0.36, p = 0.044) following intermittent hypoxia training. Additionally, within‐group comparisons revealed that intermittent hypoxia training led to increased cerebral blood flow velocity, elevated cerebrovascular conductance index, and decreased cerebrovascular resistance index (p < 0.05). Other indicators including cognitive function, cerebral perfusion pressure, and oxygen saturation did not exhibit significant differences between groups.InterpretationThese findings revealed that intermittent hypoxia may represent a safe and effective strategy for improving cerebral blood flow.
Fault Estimation for Semi‐Markov Jump Cyber‐Physical Control Systems With External Disturbances
Authors: Panneerselvam V. , Sakthivel R. , Aravinth N. , Kwon O. M. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe main thrust of this study is to scrutinize the issues of fault estimation and asynchronous sampled‐data fault‐tolerant control for semi‐Markov jump cyber‐physical systems with external disturbances, faults and deception attacks. To do so, initially, an intermediate variable is framed and then using that variable as a foundation, a mode‐dependent intermediate estimator is constructed, which estimates the fault signals and system's state simultaneously. Due to the unavailability of mode information in the Markov chain for the observer/controller, a hidden Markov model is employed to represent the asynchronous scenario between the mode of the original system and that of the designed observer/controller. Subsequently, benefited by the estimated terms and sampled‐data approach, an asynchronous sampled fault‐tolerant control protocol is offered up that facilitates compensating for the faults occurring in the system. In the meantime, the extended passive performance is used to lessen the negative impact of external disturbances exerting on the system. Besides this, the deception attacks occurring in the system are presumed to have a stochastic nature that adheres to the Bernoulli distribution. Moreover, by constructing mode‐dependent Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional and blending it with integral inequalities, the sufficient condition confirming the intended outcomes is procured in the framework of linear matrix inequalities. Thereafter, on the platform of deduced adequate criteria, an explicit formulation for the requisite gain values can be obtained. Ultimately, simulation results are offered to verify the reliability of presented outcomes.
Electromagnetic Absorption Mechanism of TPMS‐Based Metastructures: Synergy Between Materials and Structures
Authors: An Qing , Li Dawei , Liao Wenhe , Liu Tingting , Qu Zhi , Wang Gang , Li Xiangjia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract3D metastructure absorbers have gained attention for their lightweight, load‐bearing capabilities, and superior electromagnetic wave absorption. However, the complex interplay between unit cell geometry, material properties, and electromagnetic response is not well understood, hindering the design of high‐performance devices. A multi‐scale model, validated is presented by simulations and experiments, that clarify the relationship between materials, structures, and electromagnetic behavior in 3D metastructures. By systematically investigating strut‐based and sheet‐based structures, volume fraction, unit size, crystal lattice orientation, and density gradient within TPMS‐based unit cells, it is revealed that unit geometry significantly influences electromagnetic field propagation and reflection loss. Specifically, under the same unit size, sheet‐based TPMS metastructures exhibit stronger reflectivity than strut‐based ones, while multilayer structures show the opposite trend. The direct correlation is also further confirmed between geometric symmetry and polarization insensitivity, with orthogonal isotropic superstructures displaying excellent polarization‐insensitive properties. This finding provides a new design principle for achieving robust, angle‐independent absorption in these materials. This work enhances understanding of the structure‐electromagnetic behavior interplay, guiding the design of next‐generation broadband, wide‐angle, and polarization‐insensitive devices.
Charge‐Stabilized Nanodiscs as a New Class of Lipid Nanoparticles
Authors: Pires Ivan S. , Hostetler Alexander , Covarrubias Gil , Carlo Isabella S. , Suggs Jack R. , Kim B.J. , Pickering Andrew J. , Gordon Ezra , Irvine Darrell J. , Hammond Paula T. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNanoparticles have the potential to improve disease treatment and diagnosis due to their ability to incorporate drugs, alter pharmacokinetics, and enable tissue targeting. While considerable effort is placed on developing spherical lipid‐based nanocarriers, recent evidence suggests that high aspect ratio lipid nanocarriers can exhibit enhanced disease site targeting and altered cellular interactions. However, the assembly of lipid‐based nanoparticles into non‐spherical morphologies has typically required incorporating additional agents such as synthetic polymers, proteins, lipid‐polymer conjugates, or detergents. Here, charged lipid headgroups are used to generate stable discoidal lipid nanoparticles from mixed micelles, which are termed charge‐stabilized nanodiscs (CNDs). The ability to generate CNDs in buffers with physiological ionic strength is restricted to lipids with more than one anionic group, whereas monovalent lipids only generate small nanoliposomal assemblies. In mice, the smaller size and anisotropic shape of CNDs promote higher accumulation in subcutaneous tumors than spherical liposomes. Further, the surface chemistry of CNDs can be modified via layer‐by‐layer (LbL) assembly to improve their tumor‐targeting properties over state‐of‐the‐art LbL‐liposomes when tested using a metastatic model of ovarian cancer. The application of charge‐mediated anisotropy in lipid‐based assemblies can aid in the future design of biomaterials and cell‐membrane mimetic structures.
Adaptive Opto‐Thermal‐Hydrodynamic Manipulation and Polymerization (AOTHMAP) for 4D Colloidal Patterning
Authors: Shi Yang , Liu Lianrou , Huang Jingping , Xiong Jianyun , Zhong Shuhan , Zhu Guoshuai , Li Xing , He Ziyi , Pan Ting , Xin Hongbao , Li Baojun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPrecision colloidal patterning holds great promise in constructing customizable micro/nanostructures and functional frameworks, which showcases significant application values across various fields, from intelligent manufacturing to optoelectronic integration and biofabrication. Here, a direct 4D patterning method via adaptive opto‐thermal‐hydrodynamic manipulation and polymerization (AOTHMAP) with single‐particle resolution is reported. This approach utilizes a single laser beam to automatically transport, position, and immobilize colloidal particles through the adaptive utilization of light‐induced hydrodynamic force, optical force, and photothermal polymerization. The AOTHMAP enables precise 1D, 2D, and 3D patterning of colloidal particles of varying sizes and materials, facilitating the construction of customizable microstructures with complex shapes. Furthermore, by harnessing the pH‐responsive properties of hydrogel adhesives, the AOTHMAP further enables 4D patterning by dynamic alteration of patterned structures through shrinkage, restructuring, and cloaking. Notably, the AOTHMAP also enables biological patterning of functional bio‐structures such as bio‐micromotors. The AOTHMAP offers a simple and efficient strategy for colloidal patterning with high versatility and flexibility, which holds great promises for the construction of functional colloidal microstructures in intelligent manufacturing, as well as optoelectronic integration and biofabrication.
An Ultrahigh‐Modulus Hydrogel Electrolyte for Dendrite‐Free Zinc Ion Batteries
Authors: Chen Zong‐Ju , Shen Tian‐Yu , Xiao Xiong , He Xiu‐Chong , Luo Yan‐Long , Jin Zhong , Li Cheng‐Hui 
Published: November 2024

AbstractQuasi‐solid‐state aqueous zinc ion batteries suffer from anodic zinc dendrite growth during plating/stripping processes, impeding their commercial application. The inhibition of zinc dendrites by high‐modulus electrolytes has been proven to be effective. However, hydrogel electrolytes are difficult to achieve high modulus owing to their inherent high water contents. This work reports a hydrogel electrolyte with ultrahigh modulus that can overcome the growth stress of zinc dendrites through mechanical suppression effect. By combining wet‐annealing, solvent‐exchange, and salting‐out processes and tuning the hydrophobic and crystalline domains, a hydrogel electrolyte is obtained with substantial water content (≈70%), high modulus (198.5 MPa), high toughness (274.3 MJ m−3), and high zinc‐ion conductivity (28.9 mS cm−1), which significantly outperforms the previously reported poly(vinyl alcohol)‐based hydrogels. As a result, the hydrogel electrolyte exhibits excellent dendrite‐suppression effect and achieves stable performance in Zn||Zn symmetric batteries (1800 h of cycle life at 1 mA cm−2). Moreover, the Zn||V2O5 pouch batteries display excellent cycling life and operate stably even under extreme conditions, such as large bending angle (180°) and automotive crushing. This work provides a promising approach for designing mechanically reliable hydrogel electrolytes for advanced aqueous zinc ion batteries.
Tailoring Dynamic Chains of Cross‐Linked PDMS to Hinder Oil Penetration
Authors: Hao Ruonan , Jing Hao , Wang Qing , Han Yunlong , Zhang Zhiyuan , Li Zhiyuan , Yin Chenglong , Li Lizhong , Zhang Ranlong , Sun Jining , Zhang Lei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPolydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is the most studied organosilicon polymer, finding broad applications in soft lithography of microfluidic devices, wearable electronics insulation, medical tubing, shielding coatings, and sealant elements. However, their cross‐linked forms swell severely in nonpolar oils due to the comparable solubility parameters. Here, an oil‐stable cross‐linked PDMS discovered by grafting flexible PDMS chains onto its polymeric networks is reported, which enables surface‐exposed chains with high dynamics. It is found that the synergetic effect of mobile nanopore filling and quasi‐liquid lubrication of PDMS brushes endows the cross‐linked matrix with a reduced oil absorption ratio of up to 91.7% without altering its surface composition. Moreover, stretching polymeric networks can be re‐arranged with an adequate grafting of PDMS chains, further enhancing the antipenetration performance. This discovery of the oil‐stable surface configuration of cross‐linked PDMS breaks the constraint of siloxane elastomers not being applicable in nonpolar soluble liquid, opening a new era of research in organosilicon chemistry.
“Powdered” lipases as industrial catalysts: Production of Interesterified, structured lipids
Authors: Suganuma Tomomi , Kataoka Yutaro , Uehara Hidetaka 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDiversification of the applications of fats and oils has led to increasing demands on their properties. Interesterification reactions are used to alter the composition of the constituent triacylglycerols (commonly known as triglycerides) to introduce the desired properties and enhance their value. Enzymatic interesterification catalysts have garnered attention owing to their safety, efficiency, and natural origin. However, enzymes are sensitive to temperature, moisture, and pH conditions, posing risks of inactivation. Additionally, enzymatic catalysts have slower reaction rates than chemical catalysts. To suppress the hydrolysis side reaction, lipases with high activity in microaqueous systems should be selected. Industrial reaction systems that use non‐immobilized, powdered lipases overcome these issues owing to their insolubility in fats and oils. Continuous reaction systems, in which fats and oils are passed through a lipase‐packed reaction column, offer a high processing capacity per unit enzyme weight, because the oils interact with high concentrations of lipase. These advances have led to the commercialization of medium‐ and long‐chain triacylglycerols and cocoa butter substitutes. Our technology using powdered lipases offers the solution to the challenges of handling non‐immobilized ones. This innovative approach allows for the efficient isolation and recovery of the enzymes after the reaction, maximizing their performance. Enzymatic catalysis can reduce the energy consumption and CO2 emissions of interesterification reactions and eliminate the need for chemical catalysts by avoiding water washing and wastewater treatment. These distinctive features make enzymatic interesterification reactions promising for the industrial preparation of higher‐value oils and fats worldwide.
Thermal degradation of polytetrafluoroethylene, modified polytetrafluoroethylene, and their nanocomposites with boron nitride nanobarbs: Lifetime predictions and kinetic analysis
Authors: Abiodun Samuel , Krishnamoorti Ramanan , Bhowmick Anil K. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFlexible polymeric materials including dielectric thermal interface materials (TIMs) used in integrated circuits and other high frequency applications are exposed to extreme thermal and electrical conditions during their service life. Insight into the in‐use thermal stability and material lifetime is valuable to maintaining performance durability and preventing premature failure in actual end use. Herein, the thermal stability of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), modified PTFE and their nanocomposites with recent generation boron nitride nanobarbs (BNNBs) was investigated based on lifetime prediction from thermogravimetric analysis and tensile strength deterioration of heat‐aged samples. Additionally, thermal degradation kinetics and mechanism was investigated using the model‐free advanced isoconversional method based on changing activation energy. The result shows that BNNB extends the lifetime of the PTFE by an order of magnitude. The degradation mechanism proposed from TGA‐MS result is supported by the multistep degradation mechanism identified in the kinetic computation. These results are valuable for predicting materials' in‐use lifetime to avoid premature failure.
Analysing Turbulence Patterns in Nature‐Like Fishways: An Experimental Approach
Authors: Zhu Long , Xu Jinchao , Tang Nanbo , Wang Xiaogang , Chaturvedi Sadashiv , Liu Min , Srivastava Prashant K. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTNature‐like fishways are an important measure for restoring fish passage, mitigating the impacts of barriers, and providing valuable habitat benefits in a more natural and effective way than traditional technical fishways. Their ecological advantages make them a preferred solution in many river restoration projects. The turbulence at the fishway's pool is a key challenge in the design of fishways. This study evaluated the hydraulic performance of the nature‐like fishway section of the Zongyang Fishway Project in China. This utilized a trapezoidal cross‐section with a 1:242 bottom slope, 1:2 side slopes, and an operating water depth of 1–3 m. The bottom and sides were paved with 0.2–0.5 m diameter pebbles to create suitable habitat for bottom‐dwelling fish. The target design velocity was 0.7–0.9 m s−1. A physical model was constructed to assess the hydraulic characteristics of the nature‐like fishway, including flow velocities within the slots and turbulence levels in the pools. The results showed that the slot velocities were within the target range, the head loss was parallel to the bottom elevation, and the flow field near the bottom mimicked technical fishway conditions, whereas the surface flow resembled open channel flow. Turbulence intensity remained below 60% of the design velocity. These findings provide valuable insights into the hydraulic performance and suitability of this nature‐like fishway design for facilitating fish passage of the target freshwater species along with directly aiding to SDGs 6 and 14.
Tailoring the Lithium Deposition on Cu Substrate by a Functionalized‐Polysiloxane Layer
Authors: Akbar Yuwono Rio , Yu Peng‐Xuan , Foeng Ruben , Khotimah Chusnul , Salshabilla Salva , Wang Fu‐Ming , Tang Mao‐Tsu , Wu Nae‐Lih 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOwing to the high theoretical capacity of 3860 mAh g−1 and low redox potential, lithium metal is the best candidate for the development of next generation high‐energy density lithium‐ion batteries. However, notorious lithium dendrites growth and the poor compatibility of liquid electrolyte hinder the commercialization of lithium metal batteries. In this work, an anode‐less system was used to understand the change in lithium deposition on Cu current collector after the additional functionalized‐polysiloxane (PE) layer. The PE structure consists of lithiophobic and lithiophilic side chains which facilitate the uniform lithium deposition on Cu substrate. This evidence was collected by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after the cycling test of half‐cell configuration and the lithium deposition with different current densities. The reversibility was improved by 5 % compared with the bare Cu. In addition, the potential polarization was lowered after the addition of PE layer on bare Cu. Thus, the higher cycle stability (40 %) and more stable coulombic efficiency are observed on the PE@Cu||NCM83 cell compared with the bare‐Cu||NCM83 during the cycle test.
Treatment of thoracic outlet syndrome to relieve chronic migraine
Authors: Cha YH , Randall L. , Weber J. , Ahn S. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPrior case reports have suggested that treating thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) may relieve intractable migraine headaches, but there has been no case series large enough to show when underlying TOS should be suspected as a contributor to migraine burden. This observational followed by questionnaire study was performed in an outpatient neurology practice to identify clinical features of patients with migraine in which TOS contributed to migraine burden. We report the clinical features of 50 consecutive patients (48 women, 2 men, age = 43.9+/12.7 years) who were treated for chronic migraine and TOS (20 migraine with aura, 28 migraine without aura, two hemiplegic migraines). Headaches had become chronic within 1 year of onset in 21 patients (42%) with characteristics as follows (percentages are based on known data): greater severity ipsilateral to TOS limb pain (38/50=76%), presence of limb swelling (32/48=67%), and worsened by recumbency (32/38=84%). Thirty‐two patients eventually needed surgery, which included percutaneous transluminal venoplasty, 1st rib removal, scalenectomy, pectoralis minor tenotomy, and/or vein patching. The mean improvement of headaches on the treated side was 72 ± 26.7%; 12 patients experienced complete resolution of headaches after treatment of TOS (follow‐up 7.2 ± 5.2 months). Questionnaire responders reported significant reductions in headache days (18.3 ± 8.6 to 11.1 ± 10.8 days/month, p < 0.0016), severity (7.8+/2.5 to 5.4 ± 2.9, p < 0.00079), and need for emergency care (3.6 ± 4.0 to 0.71 ± 1.3 visits/year, p < 0.0029). Chronic migraines can be important manifestations of TOS. Early transition to a chronic state, lateralized limb pain, and headaches worsened by recumbency are clues to the contribution of TOS pathology. Addressing the TOS contribution to migraine can significantly reduce migraine headache burden.
Anatomical description of malformations of the neck of the left atrial appendage
Authors: Batko Jakub , Jakiel Rafał , Krawczyk–Ożóg Agata , Jaśkiewicz Kacper , Litwinowicz Radosław , Burysz Marian , Jakiel Marcin , Bartuś Krzysztof , Bolechała Filip , Strona Marcin , Hołda Mateusz Krystian 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe recently‐described left atrial appendage (LAA) neck is a truncated cone‐shaped structure that connects the LAA orifice to its lobe. It shows malformations in some cases, but their exact description and clinical significance are unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to provide a detailed anatomical and morphometric analysis of LAA neck malformations in clinical context. A total of 250 autopsied human hearts (20.0% women, 46.7 ± 18.2 years old) were examined for mural malformations: spikes and bulges. Endocardial roughness of the LAA neck with a depth <2 mm and no recognizable epicardial protrusion was defined as ectopic trabeculation. LAA neck malformations were found in 13.6%, bulges in 10.0% of the hearts examined, spikes in only 3.2%, and ectopic trabeculations in 24.8%. In one case, both a bulge and a spike were found in the LAA neck. Most LAA neck roughness was observed on the aortic and venous surfaces of the LAA neck. Those surfaces were the most common locations for malformations and ectopic trabeculations. The LAA wall was significantly thinner than the surrounding neck wall within the bulges and the ectopic trabeculations, but not in the spikes.