bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid Expansion and Evolution of a Regional Dust Storm in the Acidalia Corridor During the Initial Growth Phase of the Martian Global Dust Storm of 2018
Authors: Shirley J. H. , Kleinböhl A. , Kass D. M. , Steele L. J. , Heavens N. G. , Suzuki S. , Piqueux S. , Schofield J. T. , McCleese D. J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA vigorous regional dust storm substantially altered both the global atmospheric thermal structure and the magnitude and spatial distribution of dust loading within the Mars atmosphere between 1 and 9 June 2018. We examine the development and decay of this storm in latitude, longitude, altitude, and time, employing observations by the Mars Climate Sounder on board the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. Dust layer top altitudes rose from seasonal‐normal values of ~40 to ~70 km. Dust lofting to high altitudes was localized between 0° and ~60°W longitude, and between 60°N and 60°S latitude. Intensification of paired meridional overturning circulation cells within the study area is confirmed by strong nighttime dynamical heating in higher latitudes of both hemispheres. By the end of this episode, significant dust loading was present at altitudes greater than 50 km above all longitudes on Mars, and other dust lifting centers had been activated.
Precipitation of MeV and Sub‐MeV Electrons Due to Combined Effects of EMIC and ULF Waves
Authors: Zhang X.‐J. , Mourenas D. , Artemyev A. V. , Angelopoulos V. , Sauvaud J.‐A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe explore the mechanism of MeV and sub‐MeV electron precipitations into the atmosphere in the outer radiation belt, through quasi‐linear pitch‐angle scattering by electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves, when strong compressional Pc4–Pc5 ultralow‐frequency (ULF) waves are simultaneously present. Theoretically, the opposite magnetic field and density modulations produced by such ULF waves can significantly reduce the minimum electron energy for cyclotron resonance with EMIC waves, and this could potentially lead to the loss of lower energy (MeV and sub‐MeV) electrons. Statistical satellite observations of simultaneous, intense EMIC and ULF waves reveal the parameter domains most conducive to such lower energy electron losses, which are shown to be mostly located near the geosynchronous orbit. Selected events further suggest that such a mechanism could be efficient in the outer radiation belt and that even larger effects might occur during strong injections from the plasma sheet.
High‐Frequency Plasma Waves and Pitch Angle Scattering Induced by Pulsed Electron Beams
Authors: Delzanno G. L. , Roytershteyn V. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCherenkov radiation from a pulse of charge propagating along the magnetic field in a magnetized plasma is analyzed using theory and fluid‐kinetic simulations. Besides radiation into whistler modes, the subject of many previous investigations in laboratory and space, radiation can occur through extraordinary (X) modes. Theory and simulations demonstrate that X mode radiation efficiencies can be orders of magnitude higher than those into whistler modes. Test particle simulations of the dynamics of energetic electrons in the beam‐generated wavefield show that X modes can also induce pitch angle scattering much more efficiently than whistlers. While coherence effects associated with spreading of realistic beam pulses may limit the size of the X mode source region, a simple model of beam dynamics suggests that the size of this region could be substantial (hundreds of meters for ionospheric conditions). These results have potentially important implications for many problems, including understanding losses in the near‐Earth environment and radiation belt remediation.
Changes in the Impact of the Autumn Tibetan Plateau Snow Cover on the Winter Temperature Over North America in the mid‐1990s
Authors: Qian QiFeng , Jia XiaoJing , Wu Renguang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis study investigates the changes in the impact of the interannual variation of autumn snow cover over the eastern Tibetan Plateau (TP; ASCETP) on winter surface air temperature (SAT) over North America (NA) in the mid‐1990s using both observational data and a linear baroclinic numerical model. The index of ASCETP shows an abrupt change with a predominant negative phase before and a predominant positive phase after 1994; thus, the analysis is performed for two subperiods: 1979–1994 (P1) and 1995–2014 (P2). An ASCETP‐related energy budget analysis shows that the ASCETP variation has a more pronounced cooling effect on the above atmosphere in P1 than in P2. The snow‐related anomalous negative geopotential height above the TP is more pronounced and extends farther northeastward in P1 than in P2. Further analysis shows that the relationship between the ASCETP and NA winter SAT is not steady. During P1, associated with an anomalous positive ASCETP, negative geopotential height anomalies emerge over the northeastern TP. These negative anomalies impose an anomalous vorticity perturbation near the East Asian westerly jet core that propagates eastward, forming a wave train‐like pattern. It crosses the North Pacific Ocean and reaches the NA region, leading to positive and negative winter SAT anomalies over western and eastern NA, respectively. In contrast, during P2, the impact of anomalous ASCETP on the variation in the winter SAT over NA is weak, probably due to the relatively weak local cooling effect of the ASCETP and the weak ASCETP‐related vorticity forcing around the East Asian westerly jet.
Size‐Resolved Characterization of the Chromophores in Atmospheric Particulate Matter From a Typical Coal‐Burning City in China
Authors: Chen Qingcai , Mu Zhen , Song Wenhuai , Wang Yuqin , Yang Zhaohong , Zhang Lixin , Zhang Yan‐Lin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis study reports the size‐resolved characterization of the chromophores in atmospheric particulate matter in Linfen, a typical coal‐burning city in China. The optical properties of both the water‐soluble and water‐insoluble chromophores in atmospheric particulates are studied using excitation‐emission matrix spectroscopy and follow the parallel factor analysis of excitation‐emission matrix data. The mass absorption efficiency and normalized fluorescence volume by mass concentration of the organic carbon in methanol‐soluble matter in the particulate samples are stronger than that of the water‐soluble matter. We found that the total absorption (Abs), fluorescence volume (FV), mass absorption efficiency, and normalized fluorescence volume of particle extracts with sizes less than 10 μm increased with the decreasing particle size. The total concentration of the selected seven polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was positively correlated with the Abs365 and FV of both the water‐soluble matter and methanol‐soluble matter, but the average contribution of the selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to the total Abs and FV was very small (<3%). This study is the first to report a size‐resolved characterization of the chromophores in atmospheric particulate matter. Humic‐like substances tend to be present in small particles, and tryptophan‐like and tyrosine‐like components tend to increase with increasing particle size.
Scalable integration of nano-, and microfluidics with hybrid two-photon lithography
Authors: Vanderpoorten Oliver , Peter Quentin , Challa Pavan K. , Keyser Ulrich F. , Baumberg Jeremy , Kaminski Clemens F. , Knowles Tuomas P. J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNanofluidic devices have great potential for applications in areas ranging from renewable energy to human health. A crucial requirement for the successful operation of nanofluidic devices is the ability to interface them in a scalable manner with the outside world. Here, we demonstrate a hybrid two photon nanolithography approach interfaced with conventional mask whole-wafer UV-photolithography to generate master wafers for the fabrication of integrated micro and nanofluidic devices. Using this approach we demonstrate the fabrication of molds from SU-8 photoresist with nanofluidic features down to 230 nm lateral width and channel heights from micron to sub-100 nm. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy were used to characterize the printing capabilities of the system and show the integration of nanofluidic channels into an existing microfluidic chip design. The functionality of the devices was demonstrated through super-resolution microscopy, allowing the observation of features below the diffraction limit of light produced using our approach. Single molecule localization of diffusing dye molecules verified the successful imprint of nanochannels and the spatial confinement of molecules to 200 nm across the nanochannel molded from the master wafer. This approach integrates readily with current microfluidic fabrication methods and allows the combination of microfluidic devices with locally two-photon-written nano-sized functionalities, enabling rapid nanofluidic device fabrication and enhancement of existing microfluidic device architectures with nanofluidic features.
Simple and customizable method for fabrication of high-aspect ratio microneedle molds using low-cost 3D printing
Authors: Krieger Kevin J. , Bertollo Nicky , Dangol Manita , Sheridan John T. , Lowery Madeleine M. , O’Cearbhaill Eoin D. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe present a simple and customizable microneedle mold fabrication technique using a low-cost desktop SLA 3D printer. As opposed to conventional microneedle fabrication methods, this technique neither requires complex and expensive manufacturing facilities nor expertise in microfabrication. While most low-cost 3D-printed microneedles to date display low aspect ratios and poor tip sharpness, we show that by introducing a two-step “Print & Fill” mold fabrication method, it is possible to obtain high-aspect ratio sharp needles that are capable of penetrating tissue. Studying first the effect of varying design input parameters and print settings, it is shown that printed needles are always shorter than specified. With decreasing input height, needles also begin displaying an increasingly greater than specified needle base diameter. Both factors contribute to low aspect ratio needles when attempting to print sub-millimeter height needles. By setting input height tall enough, it is possible to print needles with high-aspect ratios and tip radii of 20–40 µm. This tip sharpness is smaller than the specified printer resolution. Consequently, high-aspect ratio sharp needle arrays are printed in basins which are backfilled and cured in a second step, leaving sub-millimeter microneedles exposed resulting microneedle arrays which can be used as male masters. Silicone female master molds are then formed from the fabricated microneedle arrays. Using the molds, both carboxymethyl cellulose loaded with rhodamine B as well as polylactic acid microneedle arrays are produced and their quality examined. A skin insertion study is performed to demonstrate the functional capabilities of arrays made from the fabricated molds. This method can be easily adopted by the microneedle research community for in-house master mold fabrication and parametric optimization of microneedle arrays.
An Hα kinematic survey of the Herschel Reference Survey
Authors: Gómez-López J. A. , Amram P. , Epinat B. , Boselli A. , Rosado M. , Marcelin M. , Boissier S. , Gach J.-L. , Sánchez-Cruces M. , Sardaneta M. M. 
Published: September 2019

Aims. We present new 2D high resolution Fabry–Perot spectroscopic observations of 152 star-forming galaxies that are part of the Herschel Reference Survey (HRS), which is a complete K-band selected, volume-limited sample of nearby galaxies that spans a wide range of stellar mass and morphological types.
Methods. By using improved data reduction techniques, that provide adaptive binning based on Voronoi tessellation, and using large field-of-view observations, we derived high spectral resolution (R >  10 000) Hα datacubes from which we computed Hα maps and radial 2D velocity fields that are based on several of thousand independent measurements. A robust method based on such fields allowed us to accurately compute rotation curves and kinematical parameters, for which uncertainties are calculated using a method based on the power spectrum of the residual velocity fields.
Results. We checked the consistency of the rotation curves by comparing our maximum rotational velocities to those derived from H I data, and by computing the i-band, NIR, stellar, and baryonic Tully-Fisher relations. We used this set of kinematical data combined with those available at other frequencies to study, for the first time, the relation between the dynamical and the total baryonic mass (stars, atomic and molecular gas, metals, and dust) and to derive the baryonic and dynamical main sequence on a representative sample of the local universe.
Transitioning from Practice to Health Care Administration: The Later Years
Authors: Opelka Frank G. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSince the late 1800s, the role of the physician has evolved substantially beyond mainstream clinical medicine. As fee for service models expanded in the 1980s, resulting in an unsustainable financial crisis in health care, senior physicians stepped up to provide essential input and expertise to administrators on a national level. This model of physician–administrator has evolved to include dual-degree physicians who are equipped with specialized knowledge even at the outset of their career. As physicians are now vital members of health care administration, many will feel the need to transition from clinical practice to a new position where they can effect change on a larger scale. This article will provide insight into such transitions and dual-career pathways and discuss important considerations when faced with this juncture in one's career.
Relationship of Mandibular Ramus Dimensions to Lower Third Molar Impaction
Authors: Al-Gunaid Talat Hasan , Bukhari Abdul Kadir , El Khateeb Sara M. , Yamaki Masaki 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the mandibular ramus features that could contribute to the etiology of mandibular third molar impaction.
Materials and Methods Two hundred and forty subjects were divided into two groups: impacted group: 115 subjects presented with an impacted mandibular third
molar, and control group: 125 subjects with the normal mandibular third molar eruption. Digital panoramic radiographs were used, and four angular and twelve linear
measurements were done. Comparisons between groups were done using Student's t-test. Pearson correlation and linear regression tests were used to assess the degree of
relationship between retromolar space and mandibular measurements.
Results Control group showed significant greater measurements in most of the variables, whereas the impacted group showed significant larger gonial angle and larger inclination of lower posterior teeth than the control group. Significant correlations were found between retromolar space and coronoid height, ramal heights, ramus notch depths, the inclination of lower posterior teeth, and retromolar space/3M width ratio in both groups.
Conclusion The present study found that the configuration of the mandibular ramus appears to be discrete in many aspects in the erupted other than impacted lower third molars subjects, which might be a possible cause for the impaction.
Effects of Rapid Maxillary Expansion and Facemask Therapy on the Soft Tissue Profiles of Class III Patients at Different Growth Stages
Authors: Ozzeybek Can Fatma Selen , Turkkahraman Hakan 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) and facemask therapy on the soft tissue profiles of class III patients at different growth stages.
Materials and Methods Forty-five subjects (23 females and 22 males) were divided into prepubertal, pubertal, and postpubertal groups. Bonded type RME appliances and Petit-type facemasks were fitted to each patient, and intraoral elastics were applied from the hooks of the RME appliance to the facemask.
Statistical Analysis All measurements were statistically analyzed with SPSS version 18.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, United States) for Windows. Repeated-measures of ANOVA and posthoc Tukey tests were used to compare the groups.
Results The soft tissue nasion, pronasale, subnasale, soft tissue A point, and labrale superior landmarks were all displaced forward and downward, and the most dramatic changes were recorded in the pubertal group. The labrale inferior, soft tissue B point, soft tissue pogonion, and soft tissue menton landmarks moved backward and downward in all groups, and the greatest displacements were observed in the pubertal group.
Conclusions The soft tissue profiles improved significantly and became more convex in all treatment groups. Although, the most favorable facial changes were observed in the pubertal growth stage, the treatments applied in the postpubertal stage also elicited significant changes and should thus be considered viable treatment options.
Efficacy of a Copper–Calcium–Hydroxide Solution in Reducing Microbial Plaque on Orthodontic Clear Aligners: A Case Report
Authors: Meto Aida , Colombari Bruna , Castagnoli Anna , Sarti Mario , Denti Lucia , Blasi Elisabetta 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the ability of a copper–calcium–hydroxide-based compound to remove microbial plaque naturally produced onto orthodontic clear aligners. A commercially available dental paste, named Cupral, based on copper–calcium–hydroxide, was used. A healthy volunteer (female, 32 years old), undergoing orthodontic treatment with thermoplastic clear aligners was enrolled. By conventional/confocal microscopy and colony-forming unit (CFU) assay, 2-week used aligners were examined for microbial plaque, prior and following exposure to Cupral. Confocal microscopy revealed abundant plaque irregularly distributed onto the aligner surface. Following Cupral treatment, a drastic decrease occurred in plaque thickness and matrix presence. As assessed by the CFU assay, total microbial load approached 109 CFUs/aligner, with slight differences in aerobiosis and anaerobiosis culture conditions; six macroscopically different types of colonies were detected and identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Following Cupral treatment, microbial load dropped to undetectable levels, irrespectively of the conditions considered. Exposure of clear aligners to Cupral results in the elimination of contaminating microorganisms; the antimicrobial activity is retained up to 1.25% concentration. Overall, our data describe a novel use of Cupral, a copper–calcium–hydroxide-based compound, in daily hygiene practices with promising results.
Fluid pumping and active flexoelectricity can promote lumen nucleation in cell assemblies
Authors: Duclut Charlie , Sarkar Niladri , Prost Jacques , Jülicher Frank 
Published: September 2019

Significance
The presence of fluid-filled cavities is a common feature of multicellular structures. Nucleation and growth of such lumens typically involve the pumping of fluid by cells, which relies on active ion transport. In this paper, we use a continuum description of a spherical cell assembly that takes into account fluid pumping, electric currents, and electric fields to explore the physical mechanisms of lumen formation. We highlight the role of the coupling between tissue bending and electric fields, called tissue flexoelectricity, in the lumen-nucleation process. We show, in particular, that understanding lumen formation requires one to consider the combined effects of mechanical, electrical, and hydraulic mechanisms.
Visual, sensitive and rapid event-specific detection of genetically modified potato EH92-527-1 by loop-mediated isothermal amplification method
Authors: Tu Yuan-Kai , Lin Yen-Chun , Feng Yu-Wei , Tseng Yeu-Yang , Chen Han-Wei 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
To date, studies on the application of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) in the detection of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are stably increasing and demonstrates LAMP is a potential and promising method for on spot identification of GMOs. However, little information is known for detection of GM potato events by LAMP. In this report, we developed an optimized and visual LAMP assay with high specificity and sensitivity to rapidly amplify genomic DNA of potato EH92-527-1 within 45 min. The limit of detection of LAMP in our study is 10-fold higher than the conventional PCR. Furthermore, LAMP products can be directly observed via naked eyes by addition of SYBR Green I without gel electrophoresis analysis and PCR-based equipment. Therefore, the LAMP assay developed in this paper provides an efficient, convenient and cost-effective tool for the detection of GM potato EH92-527-1.
Activity profiles of full‐match and substitution players in the 2018 FIFA World Cup
Authors: Liu Hongyou , Wang Lei , Huang Guohu , Zhang Hengliang , Mao Wanli 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTIn order to better understand the intensity of match activities of full‐match and substitution football players, running performance of 527 players who generated 1167 match observations in the 2018 FIFA World Cup were analysed. Differences in activity profiles between groups (1st and 2nd half full‐match, early and late substitutes) were quantified by the generalised mixed linear modelling. Results showed that: (1) Full‐match players presented trivial changes (ES: 0.09–0.20) in the time spent (% of total playing time) and distance (m/min) covered at high intensity but substantial descents (ES: 0.33–0.61) at moderate and low intensity from the 1st to the 2nd half. (2) Early substitutes achieved substantially higher (ES: 0.27–0.65) numbers in time spent and distance covered at high and moderate intensity, but lower (ES: 0.27–0.46) numbers in walking and jogging time and distance than 1st and 2nd half full‐match players. (3) Late substitutes achieved substantially higher (ES: 0.28–1.26) numbers in time spent and distance covered at high and moderate intensity but substantially lower (ES: 0.39–1.06) numbers in top speed (km/h), walking and jogging time and distance than 1st and 2nd half full‐match players and early substitutes. Results of this study could provide insights to the design of post‐match conditioning sessions.
A preliminary investigation of acute exercise intensity on memory and BDNF isoform concentrations
Authors: Piepmeier Aaron T. , Etnier Jennifer L. , Wideman Laurie , Berry Nathaniel T. , Kincaid Zachary , Weaver Mark A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLittle is known about the biological mechanisms underlying the beneficial effect of acute exercise on memory or the influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on this effect. Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a putative biological mechanism, and while findings from human studies are equivocal, they have neglected to assess how exercise affects individual BDNF isoform (proBDNF, mBDNF) concentrations in serum or the influence of the BDNF val66met SNP on BDNF isoform concentrations. Therefore, the objective of this study was to conduct an exploratory assessment of the effect of acute exercise intensity on memory performance and BDNF isoform concentrations relative to carrier status of the BDNF val66met SNP met allele and to provide guidance for future, fully‐powered trials. Memory and BDNF isoform concentrations were assessed in three exercise groups (light intensity, vigorous intensity, and non‐exercise) relative to BDNF met carrier status. Analyses revealed that BDNF isoform concentrations and memory were differentially affected by exercise intensity and BDNF met carrier status. Vigorous intensity exercise increased mBDNF, and BDNF met carriers had lower mBDNF concentration. Light intensity exercise improved memory, and over 24 h, memory was worse for BDNF met carriers. Implications from this work will help direct future mechanistic studies of the exercise‐memory relationship.