bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbial characterization and fermentative characteristics of crop maize ensiled with unsalable vegetables
Authors: Hooker Kristian , Forwood Daniel L. , Caro Eleonora , Huo Yuxin , Holman Devin B. , Chaves Alex V. , Meale Sarah J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIncorporation of carrot or pumpkin at 0, 20 or 40% dry matter (DM-basis) with crop maize, with or without a silage inoculant was evaluated after 70 days ensiling for microbial community diversity, nutrient composition, and aerobic stability. Inclusion of carrots or pumpkin had a strong effect on the silage bacterial community structure but not the fungal community. Bacterial microbial richness was also reduced (P = 0.01) by increasing vegetable proportion. Inverse Simpson’s diversity increased (P = 0.04) by 18.3% with carrot maize silage as opposed to pumpkin maize silage at 20 or 40% DM. After 70 d ensiling, silage bacterial microbiota was dominated by Lactobacillus spp. and the fungal microbiota by Candida tropicalis, Kazachstania humilis and Fusarium denticulatum. After 14 d aerobic exposure, fungal diversity was not influenced (P ≥ 0.13) by vegetable type or proportion of inclusion in the silage. Inoculation of vegetable silage lowered silage surface temperatures on day-7 (P = 0.03) and day-14 (P ≤ 0.01) of aerobic stability analysis. Our findings suggest that ensiling unsalable vegetables with crop maize can successfully replace forage at 20 or 40% DM to produce a high-quality livestock feed.
Assessment of temporal functional changes and miRNA profiling of human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes
Authors: Kumar Naresh , Dougherty Julie A. , Manring Heather R. , Elmadbouh Ibrahim , Mergaye Muhamad , Czirok Andras , Greta Isai Dona , Belevych Andriy E. , Yu Lianbo , Janssen Paul M. L. , Fadda Paolo , Gyorke Sandor , Ackermann Maegen A. , Angelos Mark G. , Khan Mahmood 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHuman induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) have been developed for cardiac cell transplantation studies more than a decade ago. In order to establish the hiPSC-CM-based platform as an autologous source for cardiac repair and drug toxicity, it is vital to understand the functionality of cardiomyocytes. Therefore, the goal of this study was to assess functional physiology, ultrastructural morphology, gene expression, and microRNA (miRNA) profiling at Wk-1, Wk-2 & Wk-4 in hiPSC-CMs in vitro. Functional assessment of hiPSC-CMs was determined by multielectrode array (MEA), Ca2+ cycling and particle image velocimetry (PIV). Results demonstrated that Wk-4 cardiomyocytes showed enhanced synchronization and maturation as compared to Wk-1 & Wk-2. Furthermore, ultrastructural morphology of Wk-4 cardiomyocytes closely mimicked the non-failing (NF) adult human heart. Additionally, modulation of cardiac genes, cell cycle genes, and pluripotency markers were analyzed by real-time PCR and compared with NF human heart. Increasing expression of fatty acid oxidation enzymes at Wk-4 supported the switching to lipid metabolism. Differential regulation of 12 miRNAs was observed in Wk-1 vs Wk-4 cardiomyocytes. Overall, this study demonstrated that Wk-4 hiPSC-CMs showed improved functional, metabolic and ultrastructural maturation, which could play a crucial role in optimizing timing for cell transplantation studies and drug screening.
‘Eastern African Paradox’ rainfall decline due to shorter not less intense Long Rains
Authors: Wainwright Caroline M. , Marsham John H. , Keane Richard J. , Rowell David P. , Finney Declan L. , Black Emily , Allan Richard P. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAn observed decline in the Eastern African Long Rains from the 1980s to late 2000s appears contrary to the projected increase under future climate change. This “Eastern African climate paradox” confounds use of climate projections for adaptation planning across Eastern Africa. Here we show the decline corresponds to a later onset and earlier cessation of the long rains, with a similar seasonal maximum in area-averaged daily rainfall. Previous studies have explored the role of remote teleconnections, but those mechanisms do not sufficiently explain the decline or the newly identified change in seasonality. Using a large ensemble of observations, reanalyses and atmospheric simulations, we propose a regional mechanism that explains both the observed decline and the recent partial recovery. A decrease in surface pressure over Arabia and warmer north Arabian Sea is associated with enhanced southerlies and an earlier cessation of the long rains. This is supported by a similar signal in surface pressure in many atmosphere-only models giving lower May rainfall and an earlier cessation. Anomalously warm seas south of Eastern Africa delay the northward movement of the tropical rain-band, giving a later onset. These results are key in understanding the paradox. It is now a priority to establish the balance of mechanisms that have led to these trends, which are partially captured in atmosphere-only simulations.
Catalog for the ESPRESSO blind radial velocity exoplanet survey
Authors: Hojjatpanah S. , Figueira P. , Santos N. C. , Adibekyan V. , Sousa S. G. , Delgado-Mena E. , Alibert Y. , Cristiani S. , González Hernández J. I. , Lanza A. F. , Di Marcantonio P. , Martins J. H. C. , Micela G. , Molaro P. , Neves V. , Oshagh M. , Pepe F. , Poretti E. , Rojas-Ayala B. , Rebolo R. , Suárez Mascareño A. , Zapatero Osorio M. R. 
Published: September 2019

Aims.One of the main scientific drivers for ESPRESSO, Échelle SPectrograph, is the detection and characterization of Earth-class exoplanets. With this goal in mind, the ESPRESSO guaranteed time observations (GTO) Catalog identifies the best target stars for a blind search for the radial velocity (RV) signals caused by Earth-class exoplanets.Methods.Using the most complete stellar catalogs available, we screened for the most suitable G, K, and M dwarf stars for the detection of Earth-class exoplanets with ESPRESSO. For most of the stars, we then gathered high-resolution spectra from new observations or from archival data. We used these spectra to spectroscopically investigate the existence of any stellar binaries, both bound or background stars. We derived the activity level using chromospheric activity indexes using log (R′HK), as well as the projected rotational velocityvsini. For the cases where planet companions are already known, we also looked at the possibility that additional planets may exist in the host’s habitable zone using dynamical arguments.Results.We estimated the spectroscopic contamination level,vsini, activity, stellar parameters and chemical abundances for 249 of the most promising targets. Using these data, we selected 45 stars that match our criteria for detectability of a planet like Earth. The stars presented and discussed in this paper constitute the ESPRESSO GTO catalog for the RV blind search for Earth-class planets. They can also be used for any other work requiring a detailed spectroscopic characterization of stars in the solar neighborhood.
Revisiting the coronal current sheet model: Parameter range analysis and comparison with the potential field model
Authors: Koskela Jennimari , Virtanen Ilpo , Mursula Kalevi 
Published: September 2019

Aims. We study the properties of the coronal magnetic field according to the current sheet source surface (CSSS) model in 1976–2017 for all physically reasonable values of the three model parameters (cusp surface radius Rcs, source surface radius Rss, and current parameter a), and compare the CSSS field with the potential field source surface (PFSS) model field.
Methods. We used the synoptic maps of the photospheric magnetic field from the Wilcox Solar Observatory (WSO), National Solar Observatory/Kitt Peak (NSO/KP), and the NSO Synoptic Optical Long-term Investigations of the Sun Vector Spectromagnetograph (SOLIS/VSM) in order to calculate the coronal magnetic field according to the CSSS and PFSS models. We calculated the coronal field strength, its latitudinal variation and neutral line location, as well as its polarity match with the heliospheric magnetic field.
Results. The CSSS model can correct the erroneous latitudinal variation of the PFSS model if the source surface is sufficiently far out with respect to the cusp surface (Rss ≥ 3 ⋅ Rcs). The topology of the neutral line only slightly depends on source surface radius or current parameter, but excludes very low values of the cusp surface (Rcs ≤ 1.5). A comparison of the polarities gives an optimum cusp surface radius that varies in time between 2 and 5; a stronger current yields a larger optimum Rcs. Interestingly, the optimum polarity match percentages and optimum radii vary very similarly in the two models over the four solar cycles we studied.
Conclusions. The CSSS model can produce a stronger total coronal flux than the PFSS model and correct its latitudinal variation. However, the topology of the CSSS model is rather independent of horizontal currents and remains very similar to that of the PFSS model. Therefore, the CSSS model cannot improve the match of field polarities between corona and heliosphere.
Sozialmedizinische Leistungsbeurteilung von Patienten mit
Osteoporose
Authors: Gehlen Martin , Pfeifer Michael , Lazarescu Ana Doina , Scholl Sabrina , Hinz Christian , Maier Anna , Schwarz-Eywill Michael 
Published: September 2019

ZusammenfassungDieser Artikel gibt dem klinisch tätigen Osteologen einen Überblick über die
sozialmedizinische Begutachtung von Patienten mit Osteoporose. Abhängig vom
Begutachtungsanlass liegen unterschiedliche Rechtsgebiete mit unterschiedlichen
Fragestellungen zugrunde. Die häufigsten Begutachtungsanlässe bei Patienten mit
Osteoporose sind die Frage nach Arbeitsfähigkeit, Erwerbsfähigkeit, Grad der
Behinderung, Pflegebedürftigkeit und Rehabilitationsbedürftigkeit.Der Schwerpunkt dieses Artikels liegt auf der Begutachtung der Erwerbsfähigkeit
(Rentenrecht) und der Arbeitsfähigkeit (Krankenkassenrecht). Es werden Kriterien
dargestellt, durch die das qualitative (Arbeitsschwere) und quantitative
(Arbeitszeit) Leistungsvermögen im Rentenrecht begutachtet werden können. Es
werden Risikogruppen definiert, denen eine maximale Hebebelastung zugeordnet
wird. Die Begründung der sozialmedizinischen Einschätzung erfolgt anhand der
Internationalen Klassifikation der Funktionsstörungen (ICF). Patienten mit
Wirbelkörperfrakturen sollten im Rahmen einer stationären osteologischen
Rehabilitation behandelt werden. Dort erfolgt eine umfassende sozialmedizinische
Begutachtung.
Influence of Thrombus Composition on Thrombectomy: ADAPT vs. Balloon Guide Catheter and Stent Retriever in a Flow Model
Authors: Madjidyar Jawid , Pineda Vidal Lorena , Larsen Naomi , Jansen Olav 
Published: September 2019

Purpose A first-pass, direct aspiration technique and stent retrieval with a balloon guide catheter represent advanced thrombectomy techniques that are increasingly being used in the clinical routine. The purpose of this experimental study was to evaluate whether the techniques’ effectiveness depended on the clot composition and to visualize the interaction between the devices and the clot.
Materials and Methods Erythrocyte-rich (red) and fibrin-rich (white) clots were placed into the M1-segment of the middle cerebral artery in a transparent vascular phantom with physiological architecture. Physiological hemodynamic conditions were maintained with a programmable pump. On the one hand direct aspiration with a 5F aspiration catheter (ADAPT) and on the other hand stent retrieval with a balloon guide catheter (flow arrest/reversal) was performed. The experiments were made under direct visual control to observe the interaction between the devices and the clot. The primary end points were the number of passes/maneuvers and the occurrence of distal emboli and emboli in a new territory (anterior cerebral artery), until full recanalization was achieved. The experiment was filmed with a full high-definition camera identifying emboli.
Results Six experiments were conducted for each technique and clot model. Red clots were retrieved by ADAPT with fewer passes and distal emboli, and could usually be aspirated directly at the occlusion site. White clots clogged the tip of the 5F aspiration catheter in every experiment. The catheter had to be pulled back into the long sheath in the cervical internal carotid artery, producing distal emboli. White clots were retrieved by the stent retriever and balloon guide catheter with fewer distal emboli. There was no difference in the number of passes. The stent-thrombus interaction was superficial in both clot models. Successful retrieval was granted by the flow arrest and proximal aspiration/flow reversal. One embolus in a new territory developed when using each technique in white clots.
Conclusion This experimental study showed that the efficacy of advanced thrombectomy techniques might depend on clot composition. Identifying the right technique for the right clot might improve the results of thrombectomy. In a clinical setting the thrombus morphology in non-enhanced CT could be used as a marker for patient selection.
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Cartridge-Based Thromboelastography Can Be Used to Monitor and Quantify the Activity of Unfractionated and Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins
Authors: Dias João D. , Lopez-Espina Carlos G. , Panigada Mauro , Dalton Heidi J. , Hartmann Jan , Achneck Hardean E. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThromboelastography is increasingly utilized in the management of bleeding and thrombotic complications where heparin management remains a cornerstone. This study assessed the feasibility of the cartridge-based TEG® 6s system (Haemonetics Corp., Braintree, Massachusetts, United States) to monitor and quantify the effect of unfractionated and low-molecular-weight heparin (UFH and LMWH). Blood samples from healthy donors were spiked with UFH (n = 23; 0–1.0 IU/mL) or LMWH (enoxaparin; n = 22; 0–1.5 IU/mL). Functional fibrinogen maximum amplitude (CFF.MA), RapidTEG activated clotting time (CRT.ACT), and kaolin and kaolin with heparinase reaction time (CK.R and CKH.R) were evaluated for their correlation with heparin concentrations, as well as the combination parameters ΔCK.R − CKH.R, ratio CK.R/CKH.R, and ratio CKH.R/CK.R. Nonlinear mixed-effect modelling was used to study the relationship between concentrations and parameters, and Bayesian classification modelling for the prediction of therapeutic ranges. CK.R and CRT.ACT strongly correlated with the activity of LMWH and UFH (p < 0.001). Using combination parameters, heparin activity could be accurately quantified in the range of 0.05 to 0.8 IU/mL for UFH and 0.1 to 1.5 IU/mL for LMWH. CRT.ACT was able to quantify heparin activity at higher concentrations but was only different from the reference range (p < 0.05) at >0.5 IU/mL for UFH and >1.5 IU/mL for LMWH. Combination parameters classified blood samples into subtherapeutic, therapeutic, and supratherapeutic heparin ranges, with an accuracy of >90% for UFH, and >78% for LMWH. This study suggests that TEG 6s can effectively monitor and quantify heparin activity for LMWH and UFH. Additionally, combination parameters can be used to classify blood samples into therapeutic ranges based on heparin activity.
Middle Cranial Fossa Approach: Anatomical Study on Skull Base Triangles as a Landmark for a Safe Anterior Petrosectomy
Authors: Anania Pasquale , Mirapeix-Lucas Rosa , Zona Gianluigi , Prior Alessandro , Cortes Carlos Asencio , Muñoz Hernandez Fernando 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Objective The Kawase approach provides access to the petroclival and posterior cavernous sinus regions, cerebellopontine angle, and upper basilar artery territory. Nevertheless, it remains one of the most challenging approach for neurosurgeons, due to the considerable related morbidity and mortality. The goal of this study was to evaluate the relationship between anatomical landmarks and their possible variations, and to measure the extension of the Kawase space, to define the reliability of these landmarks while performing an anterior petrosectomy.
Design Using eight cadaveric specimens (15 sides), an anatomical dissections and extradural exposure of the Kawase area were performed.
Settings A two-step analysis of the distances between the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve (V3) and the structures at risk of iatrogenic damage was performed.
Main outcome measures We measured the distance between V3 and the basal turn of the cochlea, and between V3 and the internal acoustic canal (IAC), analyzing the limits of bone resection without causing hearing damage.
Results We analyzed eight cadaveric (15 sides) formalin-fixed heads injected with colored silicone: four males and four females of Caucasian race (mean age: 73.83 years). We found a mean distance of 10.46 ± 1.13 mm between the great superficial petrous nerve (GSPN) intersection with V3 and the basal turn of the cochlea, and of 11.92 ± 1.71 mm between the origin point of V3 from the Gasserian ganglion and the fundus of the IAC.
Conclusion The knowledge of the safe distance between the most applicable anatomic landmarks and the hearing structures is a practical and useful method to perform this approach reducing related comorbidity.
Genetic Landscape of Mitochondrial Regulatory Region in Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Changes from Diagnosis to Relapse
Authors: Tyagi Anudishi , Pramanik Raja , Bakhshi Radhika , Vishnubhatla Sreenivas , Bakhshi Sameer 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis prospective study aimed to compare the pattern of mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid D-loop (mt-DNA D-loop) variations in 41 paired samples of de novo pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (baseline vs. relapse) patients by Sanger's sequencing. Mean mt-DNA D-loop variation was 10.1 at baseline as compared with 9.4 per patients at relapse. In our study, 28 (68.3%) patients showed change in number of variations from baseline to relapse, 11 (26.8%) patients showed increase, 17 (41.6%) patients showed decrease, and 7 (17.1%) patients who suffered a relapse had a gain at position T489C. No statistically significant difference was observed in the mutation profile of mt-DNA D-loop region from baseline to relapse in the evaluated population of pediatric AML.
Thermalization and possible signatures of quantum chaos in complex crystalline materials
Authors: Zhang Jiecheng , Kountz Erik D. , Behnia Kamran , Kapitulnik Aharon 
Published: September 2019

Significance
Quantum chaos has been suggested as a framework to understand transport of charge excitations in strongly correlated electron systems exhibiting the “strange metal” state without long-lived quasiparticle excitations. Identifying a characteristic local scrambling time and a velocity by which perturbation propagates into nonlocal degrees of freedom, a chaos diffusivity is identified and related to the measured charge and energy diffusivities. Here we scrutinize the underlying hypothesis that lattice dynamics can be ignored, particularly at high temperatures, where many phonon bands and their interactions dominate the thermal transport in complex materials. We argue that much of the chaotic behavior, which is also identified in complex insulators, originates from phonons, and in equivalent itinerant systems only the thermal (energy) diffusivity describes chaos diffusivity.
Comparing inertial measurement units and marker‐based biomechanical models during dynamic rotation of the torso
Authors: Brice Sara M. , Phillips Elissa J. , Millett Emma L. , Hunter Adam , Philippa Bronson 
Published: September 2019

AbstractInertial measurement units (IMUs) enable human movements to be captured in the field and are being used increasingly in high performance sport. One key metric that can be derived from IMUs are relative angles of body segments which are important for monitoring form in many sports. The purpose of this study was to (a) examine the validity of relative angles derived from IMUs placed on the torso and pelvis; and (b) determine optimal positioning for torso mounted sensors such that the IMU relative angles match closely with gold standard torso–pelvis and thorax–pelvis relative angle data derived from an optoelectronic camera system. Seventeen adult participants undertook a variety of motion tasks. Four IMUs were positioned on the torso and one was positioned on the pelvis between the posterior superior iliac spines. Reflective markers were positioned around each IMU and over torso and pelvis landmarks. Results showed that the IMUs are valid with the root mean square errors expressed as a percentage of the angle range (RMSE%) ranging between 1% and 7%. Comparison between the IMU relative angles and the torso–pelvis and thorax–pelvis relative angles showed there were moderate to large differences with RMSE% values ranging between 4% and 57%. IMUs are highly accurate at measuring orientation data; however, further work is needed to optimise positioning and modelling approaches so IMU relative angles align more closely with relative angles derived using traditional motion capture methods.
Characterization of New Natural Cellulosic Fibers – A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Arul Marcel Moshi A , Ravindran D , Sundara Bharathi S.R , Suganthan V , Kennady Shaju Singh G 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The world is in the need of more eco-friendly materials; therefore researchers around the globe focus on developing new materials that would improve the environmental quality of products. This need for new green materials has led to the utilization of composites made from raw natural fibers as they are low cost and have better mechanical properties and require low production energy consumption. Natural fibers are one of the effective substitutes for switching artificial fiber and concentrating to reinforce polymer matrices due to their decomposable characteristic. This study explains the various tests to be carried out such as mechanical property analysis, chemical composition analysis, surface morphology analysis, thermal stability analysis, etc., in order to characterize a new natural fiber. The impact of treating natural fibers with the suitable chemicals on the desirable properties is elaborately discussed. The testing procedures and the various significant points given by the researchers in this field are presented in detail. This work will surely be helpful for the upcoming researchers those who would like to carry out the research work in natural fiber composites.
Performance Analysis of Abrasive Water Jet Cutting Process in Carbon Fiber Epoxy Polymer Composite
Authors: Potom Binduk , Madhu S. , Kannan S. , Prathap P. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Abrasive water jet machining is unconventional material removal process used to dissolve openings and cavities by the force of rough particles of the slurry on hard and materials. It is a non traditional machining process able to machine wide scope of hard to cut materials such as alloys, composite materials. This work explores the impact of different process parameters on kerf angle and amount of materials removed which are imperative execution measures in abrasive waterjet machining. The variable abrasive water jet parameters considered here include water pressure, nozzle diameter stand-off distance and abrasive flow rate. Experiments were conducted on carbon fibre reinforced polymer composites by varying these parameters. This work concluded that maximum abrasive jet pressure increase the material removal rate and minimum stand off distance (SOD) will decrease the kerf angle in carbon fibre composites.