bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consequences of maternal postpartum depression: A systematic review of maternal and infant outcomes
Authors: Slomian Justine , Honvo Germain , Emonts Patrick , Reginster Jean-Yves , Bruyère Olivier 
Published: April 2019

Introduction: The postpartum period represents the time of risk for the emergence of maternal postpartum depression. There are no systematic reviews of the overall maternal outcomes of maternal postpartum depression. The aim of this study was to evaluate both the infant and the maternal consequences of untreated maternal postpartum depression. Methods: We searched for studies published between 1 January 2005 and 17 August 2016, using the following databases: MEDLINE via Ovid, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group trials registry. Results: A total of 122 studies (out of 3712 references retrieved from bibliographic databases) were included in this systematic review. The results of the studies were synthetized into three categories: (a) the maternal consequences of postpartum depression, including physical health, psychological health, relationship, and risky behaviors; (b) the infant consequences of postpartum depression, including anthropometry, physical health, sleep, and motor, cognitive, language, emotional, social, and behavioral development; and (c) mother–child interactions, including bonding, breastfeeding, and the maternal role. Discussion: The results suggest that postpartum depression creates an environment that is not conducive to the personal development of mothers or the optimal development of a child. It therefore seems important to detect and treat depression during the postnatal period as early as possible to avoid harmful consequences.
Omalizumab and long-term quality of life outcomes in patients with moderate-to-severe allergic asthma: a systematic review
Authors: Colombo Giorgio Lorenzo , Di Matteo Sergio , Martinotti Chiara , Oselin Martina , Valentino Maria Chiara , Bruno Giacomo Matteo , Pitotti Claudia , Menzella Francesco 
Published: April 2019

Background: Asthma is a highly prevalent chronic inflammatory airways disease, with a considerable impact on quality of life (QoL). To express the effects of asthma on patients’ subjective experience, patient-reported outcomes (PROs) represent an important instrument. The asthma QoL questionnaire (AQLQ) is one of the main PROs among these. Materials and methods: To identify long-term asthma-related QoL outcomes associated with omalizumab therapy in patients with moderate-to-severe asthma, we developed a systematic review according to the PRISMA guidelines. Published real-world effectiveness studies of adults or adolescents (12 years or older) with moderate-to-severe allergic asthma treated with omalizumab for at least 48 weeks were reviewed. Sources used were Medline ( PubMed), the Cochrane Library and Google Scholar up to February 2018. In addition, a cross-referencing search was conducted to complete the revision. Results: A total of 255 potential papers were identified in the first search through the database. After full-text viewing, eight articles were finally included in the review. We summarized the results according to the study design, patient baseline characteristics and effectiveness outcomes assessed by AQLQ score results: variation from baseline to the end of study. Results confirmed the long-term benefits of omalizumab as an add-on therapy in patients with uncontrolled moderate-to-severe allergic asthma. Since there is a lot of evidence on omalizumab effectiveness, we aimed to focus on how a therapy can change patient’s QoL in a long time period. Data showed long-term effects of omalizumab treatment on subjective (PROs) and objective (lung function, corticosteroid use, hospitalizations, asthma exacerbation) effectiveness measures. Conclusion: Studies included in our review were observational trials that, due to their design, present a potential risk of selection bias in the patients included. Beyond this limit, the evaluation of QoL using the AQLQ showed a clear increase over time, following both 48 weeks and 9 years of observation, where QoL improvements still were significant over baseline values.
Acute and subacute effects of oropharyngeal sensory stimulation with TRPV1 agonists in older patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia: a biomechanical and neurophysiological randomized pilot study
Authors: Tomsen Noemí , Ortega Omar , Rofes Laia , Arreola Viridiana , Martin Alberto , Mundet Lluís , Clavé Pere 
Published: April 2019

Background: Older people with oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) present a decline in pharyngeal sensory function. The aim of this proof-of-concept study was to assess the biomechanical and neurophysiological effects of acute and subacute oropharyngeal sensory stimulation with transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) agonists (capsaicinoids) in older patients with OD. Methods: We studied the effect of a single dose versus multiple doses (2 weeks) of oral capsaicin treatment (10–5 M) or placebo in 28 older patients with OD (81.2 ± 4.6 years) using videofluoroscopy (penetration-aspiration scale [PAS], timing of swallow response) and electroencephalography (EEG) (latency and amplitude of pharyngeal event-related potential [ERP]). Results: Acute stimulation by capsaicinoids 10–5 M did not improve swallow function and did not produce significant changes in pharyngeal ERP. In contrast, after 10 days of treatment, patients presented a clinically relevant and statistically significant reduction in the laryngeal vestibule closure (LVC) time (22.5%, p = 0.042), and in the PAS (24.2%, p = 0.038), compared with the placebo group. EEG results showed a reduction in the latency of the N1 peak (28.6%, p = 0.007) and an increase of the amplitude of the P1-N2 (59.4%, p = 0.038) and the N2-P2 (43.6%, p = 0.050) peaks. We observed a strong and significant correlation between the reduction in the latency of the N1 peak and change in LVC time after subacute treatment ( r = 0.750, p = 0.003). Conclusions: After 2 weeks of treatment, oropharyngeal sensory stimulation with capsaicinoids induced cortical changes that were correlated with improvements in swallowing biomechanics in older patients with OD. These results further show that sensory stimulation by TRPV1 agonists can become a useful pharmacological treatment for older patients with OD.
Modeling the communication-satisfaction relationship in hospital patients
Authors: Pelletier Daniel , Green-Demers Isabelle , Collerette Pierre , Heberer Michael 
Published: April 2019

Objectives: Although it has long been known that communication with medical professionals presents a strong relationship with patient satisfaction, research on this topic has been hindered by conceptual and methodological issues (e.g. single-item measures, inclusion of idiosyncratic patient characteristics, etc.). Using a more comprehensive and integrated approach, this study had two objectives: to document the multidimensional structure of the Picker Patient Experience–15, and to test a patient communication/satisfaction model that organizes its dimensions in a conceptually logical array of relationships. First, the factorial structure of the Picker Patient Experience–15 was hypothesized to comprise five dimensions: communication with patient, with family, addressing fears/concerns, preparation for discharge, and patient satisfaction. Second, the hypothesized model included positive relationships between all four communications dimensions, on the one hand, and patient satisfaction, on the other. Within communication dimensions, communication with patient was hypothesized to be the incipient factor for other dimensions, and thus to be positively associated with the other three forms of communication. Methods: This research is based on a single time point design, which relied on administrative and questionnaire data. The study was conducted at a large University Hospital in Switzerland. The sample included 54,686 patients who received inpatient treatment, excluding those who were cared for in the intensive and intermediate care units. Patients filled out, over a 5-year period, the Picker Patient Experience questionnaire (PPE-15) after discharge (overall response rate of 41%). Results: The proposed five-factor structure of the Picker Patient Experience–15 was successfully supported by the results of a confirmatory factor analysis. Moreover, the hypothesized network of associations between communication and satisfaction latent constructs was substantiated using structural equation modeling. With the exception of the association between preparation for discharge and patient satisfaction, the hypothesized model was fully corroborated. Conclusion: A more in-depth understanding of patient satisfaction can be achieved when it is studied as a multifaceted phenomenon.
Knowledge and practice of radiation safety among health professionals in Trinidad
Authors: Partap Amanda , Raghunanan Ryan , White Kimani , Seepaul Trevor 
Published: April 2019

Objective: To determine the practices and knowledge of radiation safety measures among health care providers in tertiary institutions in Trinidad. Design & Method: A cross-sectional survey of health care professionals within two public hospitals was conducted using a questionnaire distributed to individuals working in Cardiology, General Surgery, Internal medicine, Orthopaedics, Radiology and Urology who require the use of ionizing radiation machines. The questionnaire comprised of 30 questions divided into five subcategories including demographic data, usage of the ionizing radiation machines, basic knowledge, and attitude towards personal protective equipment as well as radiation exposure measurement. Questionnaire results were tabulated and analysed using Microsoft Excel and Stata v11 with comparative statistical analysis being done using the one-way analysis of variance test. Results: A total of 118 health care professionals participated in this study. The majority (85/118 (72%)) of individuals revealed that they had no formal training regarding safe practices when working with ionizing radiation despite the daily use of the fluoroscopy machines by at least 25% of participants. Individuals who had formal training in the use of ionizing radiation were found to score significantly higher than those without training (p < 0.0001). Participants’ knowledge regarding the proper positioning of the C-arm image intensifier to reduce radiation exposure was low with 46% of individuals providing a correct response. Conclusions: The level of knowledge among the individuals who participate in the operation of ionizing radiation equipment throughout the country is low. The benefit of training in the use of the C-arm image intensifier is highlighted by the revelation that the individuals who had formal training in the use of these machines performed better than those individuals without training. Annual recertification courses should be implemented such that individuals are kept abreast with current changes and reminded of commonly neglected safety practices.
Factors Associated With Inability to Bear Weight Following Hip Fracture Surgery: An Analysis of the ACS-NSQIP Hip Fracture Procedure Targeted Database
Authors: Malik Azeem Tariq , Quatman-Yates Catherine , Phieffer Laura S. , Ly Thuan V. , Khan Safdar N. , Quatman Carmen E. 
Published: April 2019

Introduction: While the benefits of early mobility for prevention of complications such as pneumonia, thromboembolic events, and improved mortality have been well studied in postsurgical patients, it is unclear which patients may struggle to achieve full weight-bearing on the first postoperative day. Materials and Methods: The 2016 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) Targeted Hip Fracture Database was queried regarding the ability to achieve weight-bearing on first postoperative day for older adults. Cases that occurred secondary to malignancy were excluded or for which weight-bearing was unachievable on the first postoperative day due to medical reasons were excluded. Results: A total of 6404 patients met inclusion and exclusion criteria for the study, with 1640 (25.6%) patients unable to bear weight on the first postoperative day. Following adjusted analysis, nonmodifiable patient factors such as dependent (partial or total) functional health status, dyspnea with moderate exertion (odds ratio [OR]: 1.31 [95% confidence interval, CI: 1.04-1.65]), ventilator dependency, and preoperative dementia on presentation to hospital were associated with lack of achievement of weight-bearing on the first postoperative day. Modifiable patient factors such as presence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (OR: 1.35 [95% CI: 1.11-1.64]), delirium, and low preoperative hematocrit and modifiable system factors including delayed time to surgery, total postoperative time >90 minutes, and transfer from an outside emergency department were also associated with inability to achieve weight-bearing on the first postoperative day. Discussion: Medical teams can utilize the results from this study to better identify patients preoperatively who may be at risk of not achieving early mobilization and proactively employ implement strategies to encourage mobility as soon as possible for hip fracture patients.
De Facto Fiscal Space in Donor-countries and Their Aid Supply: To What Extent is Trade-related Aid Supply Affected?
Authors: Gnangnon Sena Kimm 
Published: April 2019

This article investigates the impact of fiscal space in donor-countries on their official development aid (ODA) supply. It relies on the indicator of ‘De Facto Fiscal Space’ proposed by Aizenman and Jinjarak (The Fiscal Stimulus of 2009–10: Trade Openness, Fiscal Space and Exchange Rate Adjustment, NBER Working Paper 17427, 2011) and on a panel of 22 donor-countries over the period 1964–2015. The analysis considers four measures of ODA, including the total net aid transfers (NAT), ODA allocated to all sectors in the recipient-countries (ODAALLSECT), ODA allocated to the trade sector and ODA provided for the non-trade sector. The empirical results show that greater fiscal space in donor-countries influences positively donors’ NAT, their ODA allocated to all sectors as well as their ODA allocated to the non-trade sector in recipient-countries. At the same time, greater fiscal space in donor-countries does not influence ODA relating to the trade sector. Furthermore, the impact of fiscal space on ODA supply to the trade and non-trade sectors depends on donor-countries’ level of economic wealth. Jel Classification: E62, F35
Arginine Metabolism in Supragingival Oral Biofilms as a Potential Predictor of Caries Risk
Authors: Nascimento M.M. , Alvarez A.J. , Huang X. , Hanway S. , Perry S. , Luce A. , Richards V.P. , Burne R.A. 
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Ammonia production via the arginine deiminase system (ADS) of oral bacteria can function to reduce the cariogenicity of oral biofilms by neutralizing glycolytic acids that cause tooth demineralization. Objectives: This cohort study investigated the relationship between ADS activity and bacterial profile changes of supragingival biofilms with caries experience among children over time. Methods: A total of 79 children aged 2 to 7 y at baseline were assessed every 6 mo for a period of 18 mo. Children were grouped as caries free (CF), caries active with enamel lesions (CAE), or caries active with dentin lesions (CA). Supragingival plaque samples were collected from caries-free surfaces (PF) and from enamel (PE) and dentin (PD) lesions. Plaque ADS activity was measured by monitoring citrulline production from arginine and compared with ribosomal 16S rRNA–derived taxonomic profiles for the same samples. Results: At baseline, 37% of the children were CF, 34% CAE, and 29% CA. At 18 mo, 26% were CF, 41% CAE, 23% CA, and 10% were caries experienced (new restorations but no caries activity). Throughout the study period, ADS activity was significantly higher in the CF group than the CA group (P < 0.0001), and ADS activity in the PF samples was significantly higher than in the PE and PD samples (P < 0.0001). Distance-based redundancy analysis showed that the bacterial communities could be differentiated when plaque samples are grouped into levels of high and low ADS activity. Conclusions: There is a positive correlation between caries activity and low arginolytic capacity of the supragingival oral biofilms of children and tooth surfaces over time. Measurements of arginine metabolism via ADS may be useful to differentiate the caries risk of individuals and tooth surfaces. Knowledge Transfer Statement: Findings from this study support the development of new strategies for caries risk assessment and prevention based on modulation of the virulence of the oral microbiome through arginine metabolism in supragingival biofilms.
Accuracy of Humeral Implant Positioning Using a Canal-Sparing Total Shoulder Arthroplasty System
Authors: Baranek Eric S , Trofa David P , Levine William N , Goldberg Steven S 
Published: April 2019

Background Accurate restoration of anatomy is critical in reestablishing proper glenohumeral joint function in total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA). However, even experienced surgeons inconsistently achieve anatomic restoration. This study evaluates whether a new canal-sparing arthroplasty system, designed using the principles of calibrated bone resection and incorporating a nonspherical humeral head prosthesis, can assist in more accurate and reliable reproduction of proximal humeral anatomy compared to a stemmed arthroplasty system. Methods The difference between the anatomic center of rotation (COR) of the humeral head and the postoperative prosthetic COR (defined as ΔCOR) was measured in a consecutive case series of 110 shoulder arthroplasties performed by a single surgeon. The first 55 cases used a stemmed arthroplasty system and the subsequent 55 cases used a new canal-sparing implant system that uses a multiplanar osteotomy (MPO) during humeral head preparation. Cases with ΔCOR ≥3.0 mm were deemed clinically significant outliers. Results The average ΔCOR in the MPO group was 1.7 ± 1.2 mm versus 2.8 ± 1.5 mm in the stemmed group ( P = .00005). The incidence of outliers was lower (14.5% vs 40.0%, P = .005), and there were more cases with a ΔCOR ≤1.0 mm (32.7% vs 3.6%, P = .0001) in the MPO group compared to the stemmed group. Conclusion The MPO TSA system provided improved accuracy and precision in restoring proximal humeral anatomy compared to stemmed arthroplasty systems, even in its initial use. This alternative method of humeral replacement may increase consistency in restoring proper anatomy and kinematics in TSA.
Unexpected positive cultures in presumed aseptic revision spine surgery using sonication
Authors: Pumberger M. , Bürger J. , Strube P. , Akgün D. , Putzier M. 
Published: April 2019

Aims During revision procedures for aseptic reasons, there remains a suspicion that failure may have been the result of an undetected subclinical infection. However, there is little evidence available in the literature about unexpected positive results in presumed aseptic revision spine surgery. The aims of our study were to estimate the prevalence of unexpected positive culture using sonication and to evaluate clinical characteristics of these patients. Patients and Methods All patients who underwent a revision surgery after instrumented spinal surgery at our institution between July 2014 and August 2016 with spinal implants submitted for sonication were retrospectively analyzed. Only revisions presumed as aseptic are included in the study. During the study period, 204 spinal revisions were performed for diagnoses other than infection. In 38 cases, sonication cultures were not obtained, leaving a study cohort of 166 cases. The mean age of the cohort was 61.5 years (sd 20.4) and there were 104 female patients Results Sonication cultures were positive in 75 cases (45.2%). Hardware failure was the most common indication for revision surgery and revealed a positive sonication culture in 26/75 cases (35%) followed by adjacent segment disease (ASD) in 23/75 cases (30%). Cutibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis were the most commonly isolated microorganisms, observed in 45% and 31% of cases, respectively. C. acnes was isolated in 65.2% of cases when the indication for revision surgery was ASD. Conclusion Infection must always be considered as a possibility in the setting of spinal revision surgery, especially in the case of hardware failure, regardless of the lack of clinical signs. Sonication should be routinely used to isolate microorganisms adherent to implants. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:621–624.
A systematic review of short metaphyseal loading cementless stems in hip arthroplasty
Authors: Lidder S. , Epstein D. J. , Scott G. 
Published: April 2019

AimsShort-stemmed femoral implants have been used for total hip arthroplasty (THA) in young and active patients to conserve bone, provide physiological loading, and reduce the incidence of thigh pain. Only short- to mid-term results have been presented and there have been concerns regarding component malalignment, incorrect sizing, and subsidence. This systematic review reports clinical and radiological outcomes, complications, revision rates, and implant survival in THA using short-stemmed femoral components.Materials and MethodsA literature review was performed using the EMBASE, Medline, and Cochrane databases. Strict inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to identify studies reporting clinical and radiological follow-up for short-stemmed hip arthroplasties.ResultsA total of 28 studies were eligible for inclusion. This included 5322 hips in 4657 patients with a mean age of 59 years (13 to 94). The mean follow-up was 6.1 years (0.5 to 20). The mean Harris Hip Score improved from 46 (0 to 100) to 92 (39 to 100). The mean Oxford Hip Score improved from 25 (2 to 42.5) to 35 (12.4 to 48). The mean Western Ontario & McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index improved from 54 (2 to 95) to 22 (0 to 98). Components were aligned in a neutral coronal alignment in up to 90.9% of cases. A total of 15 studies reported component survivorship, which was 98.6% (92% to 100%) at a mean follow-up of 12.1 years.ConclusionShort-stemmed femoral implants show similar improvement in clinical and radiological outcomes compared with conventional length implants. Only mid-term survivorship, however, is known. An abundance of short components have been developed and used commercially without staged clinical trials. Long-term survival is still unknown for many of these components. There remains tension between innovation and the moral duty to ensure that the introduction of new implants is controlled until safety and patient benefit are demonstrated. Implant innovation and subsequent use should be driven by proven clinical outcomes, rather than market and financial forces, and ethical practice must be ensured. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:502–511.