bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facies and palaeosol analysis in a progradational distributive fluvial system from the Campanian–Maastrichtian Bauru Group, Brazil
Authors: Batezelli Alessandro , Ladeira Francisco Sergio Bernardes , Nascimento Diego Luciano do , DA Silva Márcio Luiz 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe Upper Cretaceous Bauru Group in south‐east Brazil consists of alluvial strata whose characteristics and distribution indicate a fluvial system developed in a semi‐arid to arid climate. Sections exposed within a 90 000 km2 study area in Minas Gerais State (in south‐eastern Brazil) were evaluated using facies and palaeosol analysis to formulate depositional and pedogenic models that may account for geomorphic and climate features. From east to west, the study succession records a gradual decrease in grain size, an increase in the width/thickness ratio in channels, a decrease in the lateral and vertical connectivity of channel deposits, and an increase in overbank deposits. The fluvial architecture indicates a braided channel belt, ephemeral ribbon–channels, and an unconfined fluvial facies from east to west in the study area. The lateral and vertical distribution of facies, stratigraphic architecture and palaeocurrent data suggest proximal, medial and distal portions of a progradational distributive fluvial system. The sedimentary dynamics were marked by the building and abandonment of channels related to processes of aggradation, vegetation growth and palaeosol generation. Macromorphological and micromorphological analyses have identified pedological and mineralogical features that indicate an arid to semi‐arid climate with a provenance from the north‐eastern part of the basin (Alto Paranaiba Uplift). From the proximal to the distal portions of the distributive fluvial system, the palaeosol development is different. In the proximal portion, the palaeosols are absent or poorly developed, allowing a possible general comparison with the present soil order: Inceptisols and Aridisols. In the medial portion of the fluvial system, the palaeosols are well‐developed and characterized by Bt, Btk, C and Ck horizons (Alfisols, Aridisols, Inceptisols and Entisols). Poorly drained to well‐drained palaeosols from the base to the top in the distal plain (Aridisols and Inceptisols) are associated with geomorphic and hydromorphic changes in the fluvial system due to progradational evolution. The genetic relationship between the fluvial architecture and the palaeosols enhances the understanding that the sedimentation and pedogenesis that occurs in different portions of the distributive fluvial system are related to the tectonic and climatic evolution of the basin.
Mast cell and plasma cell collision tumor in the spleen of a dog
Authors: Pallatto Valarie A. , Bechtold Molly A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA 9‐year‐old spayed female English Mastiff was referred for outpatient ultrasound due to a 3‐week history of weight loss, vomiting, and decreased appetite. Abdominal ultrasound showed multiple splenic masses of varying sizes and serum chemistry panel showed hyperglobulinemia. Cytologic examination of fine‐needle aspirates of the splenic masses indicated a mast cell and plasma cell collision tumor. Results of serum and urine protein electrophoresis and immunofixation indicated the plasma cell neoplasia was producing IgA immunoglobulins.
Performance characteristics of the turbidimetric ACL‐TOP CTS 300 coagulation analyzer in dogs and cats
Authors: Sharkey Leslie C. , Little Kim J. , Williams Kevin D. , Todd Jeffrey M. , Richardson Rae , Gwynn Angela D. , Rendahl Aaron 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the technical performance of the turbidimetric ACL‐TOP CTS 300 coagulation analyzer (IL) in dogs and cats and to create reference intervals for standard and novel parameters.DesignCoagulation testing results from dogs and cats generated by the IL were prospectively compared with another mechanical clot detection system. Precision was documented and reference intervals were created for prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and Clauss fibrinogen and D‐dimer values, as well as for the quantitative clot curve parameters (high and low amplitude, delta, and first and second derivative curves). Clot curve signatures containing common artifacts due to lipemia, hemolysis, or preactivation were demonstrated.AnimalsResidual frozen plasma from 20 dogs and 10 cats was used for method comparison; prospectively recruited healthy dogs (n = 48) and cats (n = 45) were used for reference interval and precision studies.Measurements and Main ResultsBland–Altman analysis showed a proportional positive bias in the IL compared with mechanical clot detection in dogs and a suggestion of a similar pattern in cats. Precision was good and met manufacturer's recommendations for all assays. Reference intervals are reported. Clot curve artifacts were similar in animals to those reported in people.ConclusionsThe turbidimetric system had a slight high proportional positive bias compared with mechanical clot detection. Thus, new reference intervals were generated including for novel parameters generated by clot curve analysis. Some preanalytical errors can be identified by inspection of clot curves. This robust novel technology compares favorably with mechanical endpoint detection methods and can be used in dogs and cats.
Evaluation of the agreement between focused assessment with sonography for trauma (AFAST/TFAST) and computed tomography in dogs and cats with recent trauma
Authors: Walters Andrea M. , O'Brien Mauria A. , Selmic Laura E. , Hartman Sue , McMichael Maureen , O'Brien Robert T. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the agreement between focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST) exams and computed tomography (CT) for the detection of pleural and peritoneal fluid and pneumothorax in animals that have sustained recent trauma.DesignProspective study.SettingUniversity Teaching Hospital.AnimalsThirteen dogs and 2 cats were enrolled into the study, with 10 having sustained blunt force trauma and 5 penetrating trauma.InterventionsAbdominal FAST (AFAST) and thoracic FAST (TFAST) exams were performed by emergency room (ER) clinician or house officers and radiology house officers (radiology). TFAST evaluated for the presence of pneumothorax and pleural effusion, and AFAST evaluated for the presence of peritoneal effusion. A minimally sedated, full‐body CT exam was performed on each patient and interpreted by a board‐certified radiologist. The exams were performed in the same order for all patients: ER FAST, followed by radiology FAST, followed by CT, and operators were blinded to the results of the other exams. A kappa statistic was calculated to assess for agreement between the FAST exams and CT.Measurements and Main ResultsThe median time to perform all 3 exams was 55 minutes (range 30–150 min). There was moderate to excellent agreement between AFAST and CT for detection of free peritoneal fluid (ERK = 0.82; radiologyK = 0.53), fair to moderate agreement between TFAST and CT for detection of pleural free fluid (ERK = 0.53; radiologyK = 0.36), and poor agreement between TFAST and CT for detection of pneumothorax (ERK = –0.06; radiologyK = –0.12).ConclusionsFAST exams reliably identify the presence of free fluid in the peritoneal and pleural cavities; however, TFAST is not a reliable method to diagnose pneumothorax in dogs and cats following trauma.
Nurse‐Led Interventions for Hypertension: A Scoping Review With Implications for Evidence‐Based Practice
Authors: Spies Lori A. , Bader Susan Gerding , Opollo Jackline G. , Gray Jennifer 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundHypertension is the leading preventable contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, affecting 1 billion people globally. Low‐ and middle‐income countries have increasing rates of hypertension, much of it undiagnosed.AimsThe purpose of the project is to review studies of nurse‐led hypertension interventions that have been implemented in East Africa and to inform hypertension interventions in low‐resource settings.MethodsA scoping review was conducted following Arksey and O'Malley's (2005) format. An electronic search in six databases for citations was conducted by the medical librarian author. The parameters for this scoping review were nurse interventions related to hypertension in East Africa.ResultsFourteen full‐text articles were identified that met inclusion criteria. Nurse‐led interventions for hypertension were found to increase access to care and be cost‐ effective. Medication Adherence Clubs were an innovative intervention that increased the retention of patients in care.Linking Evidence to ActionThis scoping review provides evidence from studies of nurse‐led hypertension interventions in East Africa relevant to implementing or improving hypertension screening, diagnosis, and treatment. Nurses provide 80% of health care in East Africa, and nurse‐led hypertension interventions are critically needed to ameliorate the significant hypertension‐related increases in morbidity and mortality globally.
An Analysis of the Efficacy of Wayside Hot-Box Detector Data
Authors: Tarawneh Constantine , Aranda James A. , Hernandez Veronica V. , Ramirez Claudia J. 
Published: June 2018

Wayside hot-box detectors (HBDs) are devices that are currently used to monitor bearing, axle, and brake temperatures as a way of assessing railcar component health and to indicate any possible overheating or abnormal operating conditions. Conventional hot-box detectors are set to alarm whenever a bearing is operating at a temperature that is 94.4°C (170°F) above ambient, or when there is a 52.8°C (95°F) temperature difference between two bearings that share an axle. These detectors are placed adjacent to the railway and utilize an infrared sensor in order to obtain temperature measurements. Bearings that trigger HBDs or display temperature trending behavior are removed from service for disassembly and inspection. Upon teardown, bearings that do not exhibit any discernible defects are labeled as “non-verified”. The latter may be due to the many factors that can affect the measurement of HBDs such as location of the infrared sensor and the class of the bearing among other environmental factors.
A field test was performed along a route that is more than 483 km (300 mi) of track containing 21 wayside hot-box detectors. Two freight cars, one fully-loaded and one empty, and one instrumentation car pulled by a locomotive were used in this field test. A total of 16 bearings (14 Class F and 2 Class K) were instrumented with K-type bayonet thermocouples to provide continuous temperature measurement. The data collected from this field test were used to perform a systematic study in which the HBD IR sensor data were compared directly to the onboard thermocouple data. The analyses determined that, in general, HBDs tend to overestimate Class K bearing temperatures more frequently than Class F bearing temperatures. Additionally, the temperatures of some bearings were underestimated by as much as 47°C (85°F). Furthermore, the HBD data exhibited some false trending events that were not seen in temperature histories recorded by the bayonet thermocouples. The findings from the field test suggest that HBDs may inaccurately report bearing temperatures, which may contribute to the increased percentage of non-verified bearing removals.
To further investigate the accuracy of the wayside detection systems, a dynamic test rig was designed and fabricated by the University Transportation Center for Railway Safety (UTCRS) research team at the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley (UTRGV). A mobile infrared sensor was developed and installed on the dynamic tester in order to mimic the measurement behavior of a HBD. The infrared temperature measurements were compared to contact thermocouple and bayonet temperature measurements taken on the bearing cup surface. The laboratory-acquired data were compared to actual field test data, and the analysis reveals that the trends are in close agreement. The large majority of temperature measurements taken using the IR sensor have been underestimated with a similar distribution to that of the data collected by the HBDs in field service.
Physicians’ real-world experience with IDegLira: results of a European survey
Authors: Drummond Russell , Baru Ankita , Dutkiewicz Marcelina , Basse Amaury , Tengmark Bengt-Olov 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveThis study aimed to build on the current clinical findings and investigate physicians’ experiences and level of satisfaction in using insulin degludec/liraglutide (IDegLira) to treat patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).Research design and methodsThis multicountry, European online survey included respondents from primary (n=132) and secondary (n=103) care and examined physicians’ use, confidence and satisfaction with IDegLira. To standardize responses, 24 of 28 questions pertained to an ‘average patient’ with T2D who has no major comorbidities, aged 35–70 years, with average cognitive ability/normal mental status and body mass index ≥25 kg/m2.ResultsThe majority (70%) of respondents prescribe IDegLira in the same visit they first mention it, with uncontrolled glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (44%) and weight gain (22%) being the most common reasons. On average, physicians reported that patients weighed 95 kg and the HbA1c level was 9.0% at initiation. Physicians also reported the average HbA1c target set was 7.1%; 76% of patients achieved their target. On average, patients achieved their HbA1c target in <6 months, and the average dose of IDegLira in patients in glycemic control was 28 dose steps. Respondents were more satisfied with IDegLira than basal-bolus therapy across all parameters assessed, including reaching HbA1c targets (59%), number of injections (77%) and avoiding weight gain (84%). Correspondingly, 77% of physicians reported that IDegLira had more potential to improve patient motivation compared with basal-bolus to reach target blood glucose levels.ConclusionsReal-world experience of IDegLira is consistent with previous trials/studies, with no major differences between primary and secondary care. Importantly, the majority of respondents were more/much more satisfied with IDegLira than with basal-bolus therapy.
Designing PrEP and early HIV treatment interventions for implementation among female sex workers in South Africa: developing and learning from a formative research process
Authors: Eakle Robyn , Mutanha Nyaradzo , Mbogua Judie , Sibanyoni Maria , Bourne Adam , Gomez Gabriela , Venter Francois , Rees Helen 
Published: June 2018

ObjectivesThe objective of this research was to design relevant, tailored oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and early antiretroviral (ART) interventions for female sex workers (FSWs) in South Africa. This paper examines the methods, process and outcomes of employing an inductive approach to formative research exploring intervention feasibility and acceptability.SettingResearch was conducted in several sex work-related settings including five sites in and around clinics and stakeholder offices.ParticipantsParticipants in this research included stakeholders, experts in the field and FSWs. This included at least 25 separate engagements, 14 local organisations and 8 focus group discussions (FGDs) with 69 participants, in addition to ad hoc meetings.ResultsThe first set of outcomes consisted of five selected methods: (1) stakeholder consultations; (2) site assessments and selection; (3) field observations and mapping; (4) development of supportive structures to encourage retention and intervention adherence; (5) FGDs conducted with FSWs to explore specifics of acceptability. In terms of feasibility, two sites were selected in central Johannesburg and Pretoria out of five considered. The urban site contexts varied, necessitating adjustments to intervention implementation. There was overall support for PrEP and early ART from stakeholders and FSWs. Concerns included potential issues with adherence to PrEP (and early ART), possible reduction in condom use, resistance to antiretrovirals and burden on scarce resources. These concerns indicated where special attention should be focused on education, messaging and programming as well as development of supportive structures.ConclusionsThe inductive approach allowed for a wide range of perspectives, defining population needs and accessibility. This research illustrated how similar sex work environments can vary and how implementation of interventions may not be uniform across contexts. Lessons learnt in details could assist in future project designs and implementation of new interventions where feasibility, social and cultural factors affecting acceptability must be considered.
Quality of health literacy instruments used in children and adolescents: a systematic review
Authors: Guo Shuaijun , Armstrong Rebecca , Waters Elizabeth , Sathish Thirunavukkarasu , Alif Sheikh M , Browne Geoffrey R , Yu Xiaoming 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveImproving health literacy at an early age is crucial to personal health and development. Although health literacy in children and adolescents has gained momentum in the past decade, it remains an under-researched area, particularly health literacy measurement. This study aimed to examine the quality of health literacy instruments used in children and adolescents and to identify the best instrument for field use.DesignSystematic review.SettingA wide range of settings including schools, clinics and communities.ParticipantsChildren and/or adolescents aged 6–24 years.Primary and secondary outcome measuresMeasurement properties (reliability, validity and responsiveness) and other important characteristics (eg, health topics, components or scoring systems) of health literacy instruments.ResultsThere were 29 health literacy instruments identified from the screening process. When measuring health literacy in children and adolescents, researchers mainly focus on the functional domain (basic skills in reading and writing) and consider participant characteristics of developmental change (of cognitive ability), dependency (on parents) and demographic patterns (eg, racial/ethnic backgrounds), less on differential epidemiology (of health and illness). The methodological quality of included studies as assessed via measurement properties varied from poor to excellent. More than half (62.9%) of measurement properties were unknown, due to either poor methodological quality of included studies or a lack of reporting or assessment. The 8-item Health Literacy Assessment Tool (HLAT-8) showed best evidence on construct validity, and the Health Literacy Measure for Adolescents showed best evidence on reliability.ConclusionsMore rigorous and high-quality studies are needed to fill the knowledge gap in measurement properties of health literacy instruments. Although it is challenging to draw a robust conclusion about which instrument is the most reliable and the most valid, this review provides important evidence that supports the use of the HLAT-8 to measure childhood and adolescent health literacy in future school-based research.
Multilevel population-based cross-sectional study examining school substance-misuse policy and the use of cannabis, mephedrone and novel psychoactive substances among students aged 11–16 years in schools in Wales
Authors: Midgley Luke S , Murphy Simon , Moore Graham , Hewitt Gillian , White James 
Published: June 2018

ObjectivesTo examine whether young peoples’ risk of cannabis, mephedrone and novel psychoactive substances (NPS) use is associated with school substance-misuse policy.DesignA cross-sectional survey of secondary school students combined with a School Environment Questionnaire and independently coded school substance-misuse policies (2015/6).Setting66 secondary schools in Wales.ParticipantsStudents aged 11–16 years (n=18 939).ResultsThe prevalence of lifetime, past 30-day and daily cannabis use was 4.8%, 2.6% and 0.7%, respectively; lifetime prevalence of mephedrone use was 1.1% and NPS use was 1.5%. Across 66 schools, 95.5% (n=63) reported having a substance-misuse policy, 93.9% (n=62) reported having a referral pathway for drug using students, such that we were insufficiently powered to undertake an analysis. We found little evidence of a beneficial association between lifetime cannabis use and involving students in policy development including student council consultation (OR=1.24, 95% CI 0.89 to 1.73), other student consultation (OR=1.42, 95% CI 0.94 to 2.14) or with the use of isolation (OR=0.98, 95% CI 0.67 to 1.43), with similar results for cannabis use in past 30 days, daily and the lifetime use of mephedrone and NPS. The School Environment Questionnaires found that 39.4% (n=26) schools reported no student involvement in policy development, 42.4% (n=28) reported student council consultation, 18.2% (n=12) used other student consultations and 9.7% (n=3) mentioned isolation. The independently coded content of policies found that no school policy recommended abstinence, one mentioned methods on harm minimisation, 16.1% (n=5) policies mentioned student involvement and 9.7% (n=3) mentioned isolation.ConclusionsPolicy development involving students is widely recommended, but we found no beneficial associations between student involvement in policy development and student drug use. This paper has highlighted the need for further contextual understanding around the policy-development process and how schools manage drug misuse.
Child and adolescent musculoskeletal pain (CAM-Pain) feasibility study: testing a method of identifying, recruiting and collecting data from children and adolescents who consult about a musculoskeletal condition in UK general practice
Authors: Michaleff Zoe A , Campbell Paul , Hay Alastair D , Warburton Louise , Dunn Kate M 
Published: June 2018

ObjectivesTest a method of identifying, recruiting and collecting data from children and adolescents who consult their general practitioner about a musculoskeletal condition.DesignProspective cohort feasibility study.Setting13 general practices in West Midlands of England.ParticipantsPatients aged 8–19 years who consult their general practice about a musculoskeletal condition. Patients were identified via a relevant musculoskeletal Read code entered at the point of consultation.Outcome measuresFeasibility was assessed in terms ofstudy processes(recruitment rates),data collection procedures(duration, response variability),resource utilisation(mail-outs) andethical considerations(acceptability).ResultsFrom October 2016 to February 2017, an eligible musculoskeletal Read code was entered on 343 occasions, 202 patients were excluded (declined, n=153; screened not suitable, n=49) at the point of consultation. The remaining 141 patients were mailed an invitation to participate (41.1%); 46 patients responded to the invitation (response rate: 32.6%), of which 27 patients consented (consent rate: 19.1%). Participants mean age was 13.7 years (SD 2.7) and current pain intensity was 2.8 (SD 2.7). All participants completed the 6-week follow-up questionnaire. All participants found the interview questions to be acceptable and would consider participating in a similar study in the future. The majority of general practitioners/nurse practitioners, and all of the research nurses reported to be adequately informed about the study and found the study processes acceptable.ConclusionThe expected number of participants were identified and invited, but consent rate was low (<20%) indicating that this method is not feasible (eg, for use in a large prospective study). Recruiting children and adolescents with musculoskeletal conditions in a primary care setting currently presents a challenge for researchers. Further work is needed to identify alternative ways to conduct studies in this population in order to address the current knowledge gap in this field.