bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in changes of family functioning during different phases of the pandemic – findings across four population-based surveys between 2020 to 2023 in Germany
Authors: Geprägs Alina , Bürgin David , Fegert Jörg M. , Brähler Elmar , Clemens Vera 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic and the associated measures have had a significant impact on millions of individuals and families worldwide. Although cross-sectional studies have demonstrated the considerable burden placed on families during the pandemic, trends over different phases of the pandemic including later stages and using population-based samples is scarce.

Objective
In this study, we aimed to assess trends in family functioning across four population-based surveys between December 2020 and March 2023 using a repeated cross-sectional design. The surveys were conducted using a similar sampling strategy and measures. We included individuals residing in a household with at least one minor below the age of 16.

Results
The most notable changes across surveys over time were related to quality of life. While 54.3% of respondents reported a decline in quality of life during the winter of 20/21 compared to pre-pandemic levels, this was observed in only 22.6% of participants during the spring of 23. The proportion of respondents who indicated a deterioration in their relations with their children also decreased during the pandemic. While 9.9% of respondents reported a deterioration in their relationship with their children during the winter of 20/21 in comparison to the initial phase of the pandemic, this was reported by only 5.2% in the spring 23. The relationship with one’s partner and health status exhibited minimal fluctuations. Mental health problems were associated with a decline in quality of life, health status and relationships with children and partners compared to pre-pandemic levels at all time points. Moreover, lower income levels were associated with poorer relationship quality with the partner in the most recent wave.

Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate significant improvements in family functioning since the onset of the pandemic, indicating that individuals and families in our sample were generally adapting well. However, a subgroup of the population still reports suboptimal family functioning compared to before the pandemic. Psychosocial care and social policy support for families are needed.
An emotionally loaded subject – parents experiences when CHC-nurses introduce a conversation related to their child being overweight
Authors: Fridolfsson Marie , Olsson Anna , Ericson Jenny , Borneskog Catrin , Sinclair Catrin Borneskog 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Children with a raised BMI are a major public health challenge in the world that can cause serious consequences for children’s physical and mental health. Child health care nurses’ responsibility is to promote health and prevent ill-health in children, but because being overweight is stigmatized CHC-nurses find it difficult to talk to the parents about concerns over the children’s weight, in fear of losing their trust.

Aim
The purpose of this study was to describe parents’ experiences of when CHC-nurses introduce a conversation related to their child being overweight.

Method
This study was conducted via semi-structured interviews with nine parents and the data was analyzed using qualitative content analysis.

Results
The result showed that being overweight in childhood is a sensitive topic, and this is presented as four categories A hard time coping, A desire to protect the Children, Changes of Parental Perspective and Trust - a mediating factor. This is a sensitive topic for the parents, who have a hard time accepting the situation and place the blame on themselves, and the nurse’s approach and relationship with the parents is of great importance for the outcome of the conversation.

Conclusions
Parents seem to have another perspective on health and weight than the healthcare providers, and both parents and CHC-nurses might benefit from an increased understanding of one another’s view. Parents need to gain knowledge about how healthcare providers assess children’s growth, and the CHC-nurses need to be aware about how to be responsive to the parents and allow them time to process the information. The focus should be on healthy lifestyle choices regardless of weight.
Evaluation of pain intensity and airway changes in non-growing patients treated by MARPE with and without micro-osteoperforation: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Elshehaby Moataz , Albelasy Nehal Fouad , Elbialy Mohamed A. , Hafez Ahmad Mohammed , Abdelnaby Yasser Lotfy 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Trial design
Parallel.

Objectives
To assess the effect of mini-screw assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) with/without micro-osteoperforation (MOP) on the airway and pain intensity in non-growing patients with maxillary transverse deficiency.

Method
Two equal groups of twenty-four individuals aged ≥ 19 years old with maxillary transverse deficit were randomly assigned. MOP-facilitated MARPE was used to treat one group (MMG), and the other group was treated with MARPE without MOP (NMG). For airway evaluation, CBCT images were obtained 2 months before starting the palatal expansion and 3 months after finishing the expansion in 28 days. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to measure the pain level.

Results
Significant suture opening was observed in both groups. All linear measurements of the nasal cavity and volumetric measurements of the nasal passage and oropharyngeal airway increased significantly in both groups, with no significant difference between them. Moderate pain was experienced in the first two weeks of expansion in MMG (5.11 ± 0.30), while more significant pain was recorded in NMG (6.87 ± 0.40). Pain decreased significantly in the following two weeks in MMG (2.77 ± 0.39) and in NMG (5.11 ± 0.32), with a significant difference between the two groups throughout the entire duration of expansion.

Conclusion
Transverse maxillary deficit was successfully treated with both expansion methods, with and without MOP, with comparable skeletal effects at the nasal levels and airway volumetric improvement. So, MOP did not provide any further advantage in improving the airway volume after maxillary expansion. However, it significantly reduced pain intensity throughout the entire duration of expansion.

Trial registration
The protocol registration and results system (PRS) of ClinicalTrials.gov has this RCT registered under the number NCT06502041 on 13/07/2024.
Ethical issues in vaccine trial participation by adolescents: qualitative insights on family decision making from a human papillomavirus vaccine trial in Tanzania
Authors: Frost Lucy , Erio Ms Tusajigwe , Whitworth Hilary , Marwerwe Ms Graca , Hayes Richard , Baisley Kathy , de SanJosé Silvia , Watson-Jones Deborah , Mitchell Kirstin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Research in children is essential for them to benefit from the outcomes of research but involvement must be weighed against potential harms. In many countries and circumstances, medical research legally requires parental consent until the age of 18 years, with poorly defined recommendations for assent prior to this. However, there is little research exploring how these decisions are made by families and the ethical implications of this.

Aim
To explore key ethical debates in decision-making for participation of children and adolescents in a human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine trial.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with Tanzanian girls (aged 9–16 years) who had participated in an HPV vaccine trial (n = 13), their parents or guardians (n = 12), and girls together with their parents (in paired parent-child interviews) (n = 6). The interviews were analysed using thematic analysis. Interview data came from a qualitative acceptability study undertaken as part of the Dose Reduction Immunobridging and Safety Study of Two Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccines in Tanzanian Girls (DoRIS) trial.

Results
Girls and parents desired collaborative decision-making, with parents ultimately making the decision to consent. However, girls wanted a larger part in decision-making. Decisions to consent involved many people, including extended social networks, the trial team, media outlets and healthcare professionals and this resulted in conflicts to be negotiated. Deciding where to place trust was central in participants and parents considering decisions to consent and overcoming rumours about trial involvement.

Conclusions
Existing models of decision-making help to understand dynamics between parents, adolescents and researchers but neglect the important wider social impacts and the fundamental nature of trust. Children’s roles in discussions can be evaluated using the principles of consent: autonomy, freedom and information. Concepts such as relational autonomy help to explain mechanisms families use to negotiate complex consent decisions. Whilst interviewees supported the maintenance of legal parental consent, researchers must design consent processes centring the child to ensure that whole family decision-making processes are supported.
Post-release monitoring pathway for the deployment of gene drive-modified mosquitoes for malaria control in Africa
Authors: Ogoyi Dorington O. , Njagi Julia , Tonui Willy , Dass Brinda , Quemada Hector , James Stephanie 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Gene drive-modified mosquitoes (GDMMs) have been promoted as one of the innovative technologies that may control and eliminate malaria and other mosquito-borne diseases. Several products are in early stages of development, targeting either population suppression or population modification of the mosquito vector. However, there is no direct experience of conducting risk assessment for environmental releases and subsequent policies regarding conditions for post-release. This study was carried out to gain additional insights on the possible post-release concerns that may arise, as they may inform future risk assessment and planning for deployment.

Methods
This study involved desktop reviews on post release monitoring experiences with previously released biological control products. Stakeholder consultations involving online surveys, and face to face workshop with experts from selected African countries from Eastern, Western, and Southern African regions was then carried out to establish post-release monitoring concerns for GDMMs.

Results
Review of genetic biocontrol technologies showed only limited lessons from post-release monitoring regimes with a focus largely limited to efficacy. For genetically modified organisms general surveillance and case-specific monitoring is expected in some of the regions. A number of post-release monitoring concerns in relation to the protection goals of human and animal health, biodiversity, and water quality were identified.

Conclusion
Based on established- protection goals, several post-release monitoring concerns have been identified. Subject to a rigorous risk assessment process for future GDMMs products, the concerns may then be prioritized for post-release monitoring.
Assessing research culture and capacity amongst faculty at a North American chiropractic institution: an explanatory mixed methods study
Authors: Weis Carol Ann , Howarth Samuel J. , Grondin Diane , Southerst Danielle , Fillery Mark , D’Arcy Janet , Bradaric-Baus Christine , Mior Silvano 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Research enables a profession to establish its cultural authority, validate its professional roles and ensure ongoing improvement in the quality of its academic programming. Despite the clear importance of research, a mature research culture has eluded the chiropractic profession. A fostering institutional culture that enables, values, and supports research activity is essential to building research capacity. Our study aimed to collect information about the existing research capacity and culture at the Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College (CMCC) and explore the views, attitudes and experiences of faculty members regarding research.

Methods
We conducted a sequential explanatory mixed methods study with quantitative priority between April and July, 2023. Quantitative data were collected using the Research Capacity and Culture (RCC) tool. Survey results guided the qualitative data collected from four faculty focus groups with varying levels of research experience. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics by domain and stratified by research education and workload. The qualitative data were thematically analyzed and then integrated with the quantitative results to provide deeper meaning to the results.

Results
The faculty survey response rate was 42% (59/144). Attributes at the organization or department level were consistently rated as either moderate or high; however, research skills at an individual level were more variable and influenced by factors such as research workload and highest research-related academic qualification. Qualitative focus group data were categorized under four themes: institutional factors, resource allocation, career pathways and personal factors. Lower scores for survey items related to mentorship, research planning and ensuring faculty research career pathways, as well as the identified workload and time-related barriers (e.g., other work roles and desire for work/life balance) for engaging in research were supported by each of the four themes. Research motivators included keeping the brain stimulated, developing skills and increasing job satisfaction.

Conclusion
The quantitative and qualitative information in this study provides a baseline evaluation for RCC and identifies key factors impacting RCC at the CMCC. This information is critical for planning, developing, implementing, and evaluating future interventions to enhance research capacity. Ultimately, these efforts are aimed at maturing the research culture of the chiropractic profession.
Acupuncture improves the symptoms, serum ghrelin, and autonomic nervous system of patients with postprandial distress syndrome: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Fu Zi-tong , Liu Cun-zhi , Kim Mi-Rim , Liu Yi-duo , Wang Yu , Fu Yi-Ming , Yang Jing-Wen , Yang Na-Na 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Whether gastrointestinal hormones in patients with postprandial distress syndrome (PDS) are altered by acupuncture, and whether such alterations are related to the autonomic nervous system (ANS), remains an open question.

Objective
This study aims to investigate the effects of acupuncture on symptoms, serum hormones, and ANS in PDS patients.

Methods
This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted at Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated with Capital Medical University. Sixty-two PDS patients were randomly assigned equally to acupuncture or sham acupuncture arm (3 sessions per week for 4-week). The main outcome measures which were evaluated at baseline and 4-week included cardinal symptoms, serum hormones including ghrelin, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), substance P (SP), and ANS.

Results
Among the 62 randomly assigned participants, 51 (82%) were included in the baseline characteristics and outcome analysis. Gastrointestinal symptoms including response rate (p = 0.001) and dyspepsia symptom severity (p = 0.002) were significantly improved after acupuncture treatment. Serum ghrelin concentration was significantly higher in acupuncture group than in sham acupuncture group (8.34 ± 3.00 ng/ml versus 6.52 ± 2.00 ng/ml, p = 0.022) after 4-week treatment, instead of VIP and SP (p > 0.05). The acupuncture group had significantly higher vagal activity, showing with increasing of high-frequency component (HF, p ≤ 0.001) and decreasing of the ratio of low-frequency and HF (p ≤ 0.001). In relationship analysis, the HF component exhibited a significant inverse correlation with symptom severity (R = − 0.501, p ≤ 0.001), but not with ghrelin level (R = 0.026, p = 0.865).

Conclusion
Acupuncture may improve the symptoms and increase the ghrelin level of PDS patients, the therapeutic effect of acupuncture was associated with the alteration of vagal activity.
Trial registration: The trial is registered with the ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN12511434. Registered 31 March 2017, https://www.isrctn.com/.
A structural analysis of the splice-specific functional impact of the pathogenic familial hemiplegic migraine type 1 S218L mutation on Cav2.1 P/Q-type channel gating
Authors: Sack Anne-Sophie , Samera Gennerick J. , Hissen Anna , Wester Robert J. , Garcia Esperanza , Adams Paul J. , Snutch Terrance P. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractP/Q-type (Cav2.1) calcium channels mediate Ca2+ influx essential for neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission. The CACNA1A gene, encoding the Cav2.1 pore forming subunit, is highly expressed throughout the mammalian central nervous system. Alternative splicing of Cav2.1 pre-mRNA generates diverse channel isoforms with distinct biophysical properties and drug affinities, which are differentially expressed in nerve tissues. Splicing variants can also affect channel function under pathological conditions although their phenotypic implication concerning inherited neurological disorders linked to CACNA1A mutations remains unknown. Here, we quantified the expression of Cav2.1 exon 24 (e24) spliced transcripts in human nervous system samples, finding different levels of expression within discrete regions. The corresponding Cav2.1 variants, differing by the presence (+) or absence (Δ) of Ser-Ser-Thr-Arg residues (SSTR) in the domain III S3-S4 linker, were functionally characterized using patch clamp recordings. Further, the + /ΔSSTR isoforms were used to demonstrate the differential impact of the Familial Hemiplegic Migraine Type 1 (FHM-1) S218L mutation, located in the domain I S4-S5 linker, on the molecular structure and electrophysiological properties of Cav2.1 isoforms. S218L has a prominent effect on the voltage-dependence of activation of +SSTR channels when compared to ΔSSTR, indicating a differential effect of the mutation depending on splice-variant context. Structural modeling based upon Cav2.1 cryo-EM data provided further insight reflecting independent contributions of amino acids in distant regions of the channel on gating properties. Our modelling indicates that by increasing hydrophobicity the Leu218 mutation contributes to stabilizing a structural conformation in which the domain I S4-S5 linker is oriented alongside the inner plasma membrane, similar to that occurring when S4 is translocated upon activation.The SSTR insertion appears to exert an influence in the local electric field of domain III due to an change in the distribution of positively charged regions surrounding the voltage sensing domain, which we hypothesize impacts its movement during the transition to the open state. In summary, we reveal molecular changes correlated with distinct functional effects provoked by S218L FHM-1 mutation in hCav2.1 splice isoforms whose differential expression could impact the manifestation of the neurological disorder.
METTL14 suppresses the expression of YAP1 and the stemness of triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Bai Xupeng , Liu Jiarui , Zhou Shujie , Wu Lingzhi , Feng Xiaojie , Zhang Pumin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has pronounced stemness that is associated with relapse. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) plays a crucial role in shaping cellular behavior by modulating transcript expression. However, the role of m6A in TNBC stemness, as well as the mechanisms governing its abundance, has yet to be elucidated.

Methods
We analyzed proteomic and transcriptomic data derived from breast cancer cohorts, with an emphasis on m6A regulators. To unravel the role of m6A in TNBC, we employed RNA sequencing, methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing, RNA immunoprecipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and luciferase reporter assays with mesenchymal stem-like (MSL) TNBC models. The clinical relevance was validated using human tissue microarrays and publicly accessible databases.

Results
Our findings indicate that the global level of m6A modification in MSL TNBC is downregulated primarily due to the loss of methyltransferase-like 14 (METTL14). The diminished m6A modification is crucial for the maintenance of TNBC stemness, as it increases the expression of yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) by blocking YTH domain-containing family protein 2 (YTHDF2)-mediated transcript decay, thereby promoting the activation of Hippo-independent YAP1 signaling. YAP1 is essential for sustaining the stemness regulated by METTL14. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the loss of METTL14 expression results from lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1)-mediated removal of histone H3 lysine 4 methylation at the promoter region, which is critical for LSD1-driven stemness in TNBC.

Conclusion
These findings present an epi-transcriptional mechanism that maintains Hippo-independent YAP1 signaling and plays a role in preserving the undifferentiated state of TNBC, which indicates the potential for targeting the LSD1-METTL14 axis to address TNBC stemness.
A randomized clinical trial of intranasal dexmedetomidine versus inhaled nitrous oxide for procedural sedation and analgesia in children
Authors: Nikula Anna , Rinder Malin Ryd , Lundeberg Stefan , Lääperi Mitja , Sandholm Katri , Castrén Maaret , Kurland Lisa 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Procedural sedation and analgesia is an important part of pediatric emergency care, safe and clinically useful alternatives for adequate management are necessary. The objective of this clinical trial was to evaluate the non-inferiority of intranasal dexmedetomidine to nitrous oxide with respect to analgesia for a painful procedure in children 3–15 years of age.

Methods
This prospective, equally randomized, open-label, non-inferiority trial was conducted at a Pediatric Emergency Department. Previously healthy children 3–15 years of age, with an extremity fracture or luxation or a burn and requiring procedural sedation and analgesia were eligible. Patients were randomized to receive either intranasal dexmedetomidine or inhaled nitrous oxide. The primary outcome measure was highest pain level during the procedure, assessed with Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability scale (FLACC). Mann-Whitney U test (continuous variables) and Fisher’s test (categorical variables) were used for statistical analysis.

Results
The highest FLACC was median 4 (IQR 3–6) with intranasal dexmedetomidine and median 4 (IQR 2–6) with nitrous oxide. The median of the difference between samples from each group for FLACC was 0 with 95%CI (0–1), thus intranasal dexmedetomidine was not inferior to nitrous oxide with respect to the level of pain during the procedure. The same method for procedural sedation and analgesia would be accepted by 52/74 (82.5%) children and 65/74 (91.5%) parents in the intranasal dexmedetomidine group respectively 59/74 (88.1%) versus 70/74 (94.6%) with nitrous oxide. No serious adverse events were reported.

Conclusions
The results of this trial support that intranasal dexmedetomidine is not inferior to 50% nitrous oxide in providing analgesia for a painful procedure in children 3–15 years of age and can be considered as an alternative to 50% nitrous oxide for procedural sedation and analgesia.

Trial registration
EudraCT 201,600,377,317, April 20, 2017. https://eudract.ema.europa.eu/.