bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal examination of pathways to peer problems in middle childhood: A siblings-reared-apart design
Authors: Leve Leslie D. , Griffin Amanda M. , Natsuaki Misaki N. , Harold Gordon T. , Neiderhiser Jenae M. , Ganiban Jody M. , Shaw Daniel S. , Reiss David 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTo advance research from Dishion and others on associations between parenting and peer problems across childhood, we used a sample of 177 sibling pairs reared apart since birth (because of adoption of one of the siblings) to examine associations between parental hostility and children's peer problems when children were ages 7 and 9.5 years (n = 329 children). We extended conventional cross-lagged parent–peer models by incorporating child inhibitory control as an additional predictor and examining genetic contributions via birth mother psychopathology. Path models indicated a cross-lagged association from parental hostility to later peer problems. When child inhibitory control was included, birth mother internalizing symptoms were associated with poorer child inhibitory control, which was associated with more parental hostility and peer problems. The cross-lagged paths from parental hostility to peer problems were no longer significant in the full model. Multigroup analyses revealed that the path from birth mother internalizing symptoms to child inhibitory control was significantly higher for birth parent–reared children, indicating the possible contribution of passive gene–environment correlation to this association. Exploratory analyses suggested that each child's unique rearing context contributed to his or her inhibitory control and peer behavior. Implications for the development of evidence-based interventions are discussed.
Early life predictors of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptomatology profiles from early through middle childhood
Authors: Willoughby Michael T. , Williams Jason , Mills-Koonce W. Roger , Blair Clancy B. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study used repeated measures data to identify developmental profiles of elevated risk for ADHD (i.e., six or more inattentive and/or hyperactive-impulsive symptoms), with an interest in the age at which ADHD risk first emerged. Risk factors that were measured across the first 3 years of life were used to predict profile membership. Participants included 1,173 children who were drawn from the Family Life Project, an ongoing longitudinal study of children's development in low-income, nonmetropolitan communities. Four heuristic profiles of ADHD risk were identified. Approximately two thirds of children never exhibited elevated risk for ADHD. The remaining children were characterized by early childhood onset and persistent risk (5%), early childhood limited risk (10%), and middle childhood onset risk (19%). Pregnancy and delivery complications and harsh-intrusive caregiving behaviors operated as general risk for all ADHD profiles. Parental history of ADHD was uniquely predictive of early onset and persistent ADHD risk, and low primary caregiver education was uniquely predictive of early childhood limited ADHD risk. Results are discussed with respect to how changes to the age of onset criterion for ADHD in DSM5 may affect etiological research and the need for developmental models of ADHD that inform ADHD symptom persistence and desistance.
Nest site selection and its implications for conservation of the endangered Oriental Stork Ciconia boyciana in Yellow River Delta, China
Authors: CHENG LEI , ZHOU LIZHI , WU LIXIN , FENG GUANGHAI 
Published: August 2019

SummaryAvian nest site selection is crucial to breeding birds especially for large endangered waterbirds. We investigated the population dynamics, nests and breeding habitat selection, offspring numbers and reproductive success rate of Oriental Stork Ciconia boyciana from February to June 2017 in Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve (YRD NNR), Shandong, China. We measured the characteristic variables of 32 control plots by random selection and 62 nest plots, including 40 nests on power poles, 14 nests on artificial poles and eight nests on pylon poles. We used conditional logistic regression and model-averaging to quantify data and model characteristic variables affecting nest site selection. Our results showed that human disturbance was the main negative factor affecting Oriental Stork’s selection of power pole nests. Meanwhile, distance from highways was the most important variable for the selection of artificial nests. Distance from sightseeing sites was the main explanatory variable that contributed to the selection of pylon nests. Based on our findings, we recommend promoting conservation of this species by reducing human disturbance, such as forbidding use of car horns in nest site areas and providing enough suitable nest sites.
Factors affecting safe and healthy diet in older adults in Italy: results of a preliminary study performed in a community-dwelling sample
Authors: Laurenti P , De Meo C , Sacchini D , Spagnolo AG , Moro D , Varacca A , Landi F , Manes-Gravina E , Sgadari A , Bernabei R , Barbara A , Ricciardi W , de Waure C 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjective:To investigate, through a questionnaire, older adults’ demographic and socio-economic characteristics, knowledge, attitudes and practices in terms of food safety and healthy diet; and to develop dietary and hygiene indices able to represent participants’ nutritional and food safety behaviour, exploring their association with demographic and socio-economic factors.Design:One-year cross-sectional study.Setting:Gemelli Teaching Hospital (Rome, Italy).Participants:People aged ≥65 years, Italian speaking, accessing the Centre of Ageing Medicine.Results:Mean age of the sample was 74 (sd 7·7) years. Subjective perception of a safe diet was high: 64·2 % of respondents believed they have a balanced diet. Interviewees got informed about proper nutrition mainly from television, magazines, newspapers, Internet (29·9 %) and from health professionals (34·8 %) such as dietitians, whereas 15·4 % from general practitioners. Regarding food safety, 33·8 % of participants reported to consume expired food, even more than once per month; between 80 and 90 % of participants reported to follow food safety practices during preparation and cooking, even though 49·3 % defrosted food at room temperature. Calculated dietary and hygiene indices showed that the elderly participants were far from having optimal nutritional and food safety behaviours.Conclusions:These results suggest it is necessary to increase the awareness of older adults in the matter of healthy diet and food safety. Specific and targeted educational interventions for the elderly and their caregivers could improve the adoption of recommended food safety practices and safe nutritional behaviours among older adults.
Geographical proximity and the transmission of drug abuse among siblings: evaluating a contagion model in a Swedish National Sample
Authors: Kendler Kenneth S. , Ohlsson Henrik , Edwards Alexis C. , Sundquist Jan , Sundquist Kristina 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Aims
Can drug abuse (DA) be transmitted psychologically between adult siblings consistent with a social contagion model?

Methods
We followed Swedish sibling pairs born in 1932–1990 until one of them, sibling1 (S1), had a first DA registration. We then examined, using Cox regression, the hazard rate for a first registration for DA in sibling2 (S2) within 3 years of a first DA registration in S1 as a function of their geographical proximity. We examined 153 294 informative pairs. To control for familial confounding, we repeated these analyses in sibships containing multiple pairs, comparing risk in different siblings with their proximity to S1. DA was recorded in medical, criminal or pharmacy registries.

Results
The best-fit model predicted risk for DA in S2 as a function of the log of kilometres between S1 and S2 with parameter estimates (±95% confidence intervals) of 0.94 (0.92; 0.95). Prediction of DA included effects of cohabitation and an interaction of proximity and time since S1 registration with stronger effects of proximity early in the follow-up period. Proximity effects were stronger for smaller S1–S2 age differences and for same- v. opposite-sex pairs. Sibship analyses confirmed sibling-pair results.

Conclusions
Consistent with a social contagion model, the probability of transmission of a first registration for DA in sibling pairs is related to their geographical proximity and similarity in age and sex. Such effects for DA are time-dependent and include cohabitation effects. These results illustrate the complexity of the familial aggregation of DA and support efforts to reduce their contagious spread within families in adulthood.
Cover crops and topography differentially influence weeds at a watershed scale
Authors: Singh Gurbir , Kaur Gurpreet , Williard Karl W. , Nelson Kelly A. , Schoonover Jon E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCover crops (CCs) play an important role in integrated weed management. Data necessary to evaluate the role of CCs in weed management at the watershed scale with topographic positions are lacking. We evaluated the effects of cereal rye and hairy vetch CCs on weed suppression at different topographic positions (shoulder, backslope, and footslope) at a watershed scale. Watersheds with a CC treatment followed a crop rotation of corn–cereal rye–soybean–hairy vetch, whereas watersheds without a CC (no-CC) had a crop rotation of corn–winter fallow–soybean–winter fallow. A negative relationship was present between CCs and weed biomass at the shoulder, backslope, and footslope topographic landscape positions, with R2 values of 0.40, 0.48, and 0.50, respectively. In 2016, a cereal rye CC reduced weed biomass 46% to 50% at footslope and shoulder positions compared to no CC. In 2018, a cereal rye CC reduced weed biomass between 52% and 85% at all topographic positions in CC treatment watersheds compared to no-CC watersheds. Hairy vetch in 2017 reduced weed biomass 62% to 72% at footslope and shoulder topographic positions in CC watersheds compared to no-CC. The C:N ratio of weed biomass in CC treatment watersheds was generally higher compared to watersheds without CCs. In this study, several significant interactions were found between the topographic positions and CC treatments. Cover crop–induced weed suppression at different topographic positions can lead to developing better site-specific weed control strategies. Therefore, CC interactions with topography, weed germination potential, and the role of soil moisture at the watershed scale should be further evaluated.
Mechanisms of Methane Hydrate Formation in Geological Systems
Authors: You K. , Flemings P.B. , Malinverno A. , Collett T.S. , Darnell K. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNatural gas hydrate is ice‐like mixture of gas (mostly methane) and water that is widely found in sediments along the world's continental margins and within and beneath permafrost and glaciers in a near‐surface depth interval where the pressure is sufficiently high and temperature sufficiently low for gas hydrate to be stable. We categorize the myriad of geological gas hydrate deposits into five characteristic types. We then review the multiple quantitative models that have proposed to describe the genesis of these deposits and describe how each may have formed. We emphasize the importance of coupling multiphase flow (free gas and liquid water) and multicomponent reactive transport with geological history to describe the dynamical processes of gas hydrate formation and evolution in geological systems. A better insight into the kinetics of methane formation from microbial biogenesis and the processes of multiphase flow at the pore scale will advance our knowledge of how these systems form. By understanding the generation and evolution of gas hydrate through time, we will better decipher the role of gas hydrate in the carbon cycle, its potential to contribute to climate change and geohazards, and how to design optimal strategies for gas production from hydrate reservoirs.
Attribution of the East Asian Winter Temperature Trends During 1979–2018: Role of External Forcing and Internal Variability
Authors: Gong Hainan , Wang Lin , Chen Wen , Wu Renguang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAttributing the surface air temperature (SAT) trends at regional scale to internally generated and externally forced components is a major challenge. Based on the observations and ensemble simulations of climate models, we apply a “dynamical adjustment” methodology to estimate quantitatively the contribution of the internal and forced dynamic and thermodynamic components to the East Asian winter SAT trends during 1979–2018. The observed winter SAT trends are strongly influenced by internal variability, especially in the northern East Asia (NEA). The internal component of observed SAT trends is largely dynamically induced, whereas the forced component is controlled by thermodynamics. The internally generated variability offsets the forced warming by more than 70% in the NEA, leading to a weak observed warming in the NEA. In contrast, internal contributions are small in the southern East Asia. The internally generated SAT changes in the NEA are closely tied to the multidecadal changes of Arctic Oscillation.
Testing Contrasting Models of the Formation of the Upper Yellow River Using Heavy‐Mineral Data From the Yinchuan Basin Drill Cores
Authors: Wang Zhao , Nie Junsheng , Wang Junping , Zhang Haobo , Peng Wenbin , Garzanti Eduardo , Hu Xiaofei , Stevens Thomas , Pfaff Katharina , Pan Baotian 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe upper Yellow River drains the central and northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Understanding the origin of this river is essential for unraveling the interplay between fluvial incision, basement uplift, and climate change. However, the formation age of the upper Yellow River is highly debated, with estimates ranging from Eocene to late Pleistocene. In order to clarify the history of the upper Yellow River, we present a heavy‐mineral dataset from drill core in the Yinchuan Basin, a depositional sink at the end of the upper Yellow River course. Our results reveal that the drainage area of the upper Yellow River (i.e., northeastern Tibetan Plateau) has been serving as a major sediment source region for the Yinchuan Basin since at least 3.3 Ma. A late Pleistocene formation of the upper Yellow River, and erosion of neighboring deserts or bounding mountains as an explanation for thick sediment accumulations in this area, is thus ruled out.
A Model Investigation of Aerosol‐Induced Changes in the East Asian Winter Monsoon
Authors: Liu Zhen , Ming Yi , Wang Lin , Bollasina Massimo , Luo Ming , Lau Ngar‐Cheung , Yim Steve Hung‐Lam 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe response of the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) circulation to aerosols is studied using a coupled atmosphere‐slab ocean general circulation model. In the extratropics, the aerosol‐induced cooling in the midlatitudes leads to an intensified subtropical jet stream, a deepened East Asian trough, and thus an enhanced EAWM. In the tropics, the local Hadley circulation shifts southward to compensate for the interhemispheric asymmetry in aerosol radiative cooling. Anomalous subsidence at around 10°N leads to a salient anticyclone to the southwest of the Philippines. The associated southwesterlies advect abundant moisture to South China, resulting in local precipitation increases and suggesting a weaker EAWM. The EAWM response to aerosol forcing is thus driven by a competition between tropical and extratropical mechanisms, which has important implications for the future monsoon evolution, as aerosol changes may follow different regional‐dependent trajectories.
Marine Aerosol Production via Detrainment of Bubble Plumes Generated in Natural Seawater With a Forced‐Air Venturi
Authors: Frossard Amanda A. , Long Michael S. , Keene William C. , Duplessis Patrick , Kinsey Joanna D. , Maben John R. , Kieber David J. , Chang Rachel Y.‐W. , Beaupré Steven R. , Cohen Ronald C. , Lu Xi , Bisgrove John , Zhu Yuting 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDuring September–October 2016, a marine aerosol generator configured with forced‐air Venturis was deployed at two biologically productive and two oligotrophic regions of the western North Atlantic Ocean to investigate factors that modulate primary marine aerosol (PMA) production. The generator produced representative bubble size distributions with Hinze scales (0.32 to 0.95 mm radii) and void fractions (0.011 to 0.019 Lair Lsw‐1) that overlapped those of plumes produced in the surface ocean by breaking wind waves. Hinze scales and void fractions of bubble plumes varied among seawater hydrographic regions, whereas corresponding peaks and widths of bubble size distributions did not, suggesting that variability in seawater surfactants drove variability in plume dynamics. Peaks in size‐resolved number production efficiencies for model PMA (mPMA) emitted via bubble bursting in the generator were within a narrow range (0.059 to 0.069 μm geometric mean diameter) over wide ranges in subsurface bubble characteristics, suggesting that subsurface bubble size distributions were not the primary controlling factors as was suggested by previous work. Total mass production efficiencies for mPMA decreased with increasing air detrainment rates, supporting the hypothesis that surface bubble rafts attenuate mPMA mass production. Total mass and Na+ production efficiencies for mPMA from biologically productive seawater were significantly greater than those from oligotrophic seawater. Corresponding mPMA number distributions peaked at smaller sizes during daytime, suggesting that short‐lived surfactants of biological and/or photochemical origin modulated diel variability in marine aerosol production.
Carbon Chemistry of Intact Versus Chronically Drained Peatlands in the Southeastern USA
Authors: Stricker C. A. , Drexler J. Z. , Thorn K. A. , Duberstein J. A. , Rossman S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge (GDS) is a large temperate swamp in Virginia/North Carolina, USA with peat soils historically resistant to microbial decomposition. However, this peatland has been subject to ~200 years of disturbance during which extensive drainage, fire suppression, and widespread logging have increased decomposition and dramatically decreased the distribution of Atlantic white cedar (AWC). The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of long‐term drainage and AWC loss on the carbon chemistry of GDS peats. Peat cores were collected from three drained GDS vegetation communities (pocosin, AWC, and red maple‐black gum) and compared to cores collected from an intact, undrained AWC peatland at the Alligator River National Wildlife Refuge (AR) in North Carolina. The AR peats had higher lignin content in the deeper peat intervals, and lignin content and percent organic carbon were largely invariant with depth compared to the GDS peats. The concentrations of syringyl group phenols were greater in the surface layers of GDS peats, likely reflecting the selective removal of AWC and transition from gymnosperms to angiosperms. Acid to aldehyde ratios for vanillyl and syringyl group phenols indicated that the GDS peats were more decomposed, particularly at depth, and that this occurred under aerobic conditions. Moreover, solid‐state 13C NMR confirmed a coincident loss of carbohydrates and increase in recalcitrant by‐products of carbohydrate degradation with depth. These data indicate that long‐term drainage has accelerated the decomposition of peat at the GDS, reducing the capacity and stability of the carbon sink.
Foraminiferal Ultrastructure: A perspective From Fluorescent and Fluorogenic Probes
Authors: Frontalini F. , Losada M. T. , Toyofuku T. , Tyszka J. , Goleń J. , de Nooijer L. , Canonico B. , Cesarini E. , Nagai Y. , Bickmeyer U. , Ikuta T. , Tsubaki R. , Besteiro Rodriguez C. , Al‐Enezi E. , Papa S. , Coccioni R. , Bijma J. , Bernhard J. M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMicroscopy techniques have been widely applied to observe cellular ultrastructure. Most of these techniques, such as transmission electron microscopy, produce high‐resolution images, but they may require extensive preparation, hampering their application for in vivo examination. Other approaches, such as fluorescent and fluorogenic probes, can be applied not only to fixed specimens but also to living cells when the probes are nontoxic. Fluorescence‐based methods, which are generally relatively easy to use, allow visual and (semi)quantitative studies of the ultrastructural organization and processes of the cell under natural as well as manipulated conditions. To date, there are relatively few published studies on the nearly ubiquitous marine protistan group Foraminifera that have used fluorescent and fluorogenic probes, despite their huge potential. The aim of the present contribution is to document the feasible application of a wide array of these probes to foraminiferal biology. More specifically, we applied fluorescence‐based probes to study esterase activity, cell viability, calcium signaling, pH variation, reactive oxygen species, neutral and polar lipids, lipid droplets, cytoskeleton structures, Golgi complex, acidic vesicles, nuclei, and mitochondria in selected foraminiferal species.
The impact of Semaphorin 4C/Plexin-B2 signaling on fear memory via remodeling of neuronal and synaptic morphology
Authors: Simonetti Manuela , Paldy Eszter , Njoo Christian , Bali Kiran Kumar , Worzfeld Thomas , Pitzer Claudia , Kuner Thomas , Offermanns Stefan , Mauceri Daniela , Kuner Rohini 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAberrant fear is a cornerstone of several psychiatric disorders. Consequently, there is large interest in elucidation of signaling mechanisms that link extracellular cues to changes in neuronal function and structure in brain pathways that are important in the generation and maintenance of fear memory and its behavioral expression. Members of the Plexin-B family of receptors for class 4 semaphorins play important roles in developmental plasticity of neurons, and their expression persists in some areas of the adult nervous system. Here, we aimed to elucidate the role of Semaphorin 4C (Sema4C) and its cognate receptor, Plexin-B2, in the expression of contextual and cued fear memory, setting a mechanistic focus on structural plasticity and exploration of contributing signaling pathways. We observed that Plexin-B2 and Sema4C are expressed in forebrain areas related to fear memory, such as the anterior cingulate cortex, amygdala and the hippocampus, and their expression is regulated by aversive stimuli that induce fear memory. By generating forebrain-specific Plexin-B2 knockout mice and analyzing fear-related behaviors, we demonstrate that Sema4C-PlexinB2 signaling plays a crucial functional role in the recent and remote recall of fear memory. Detailed neuronal morphological analyses revealed that Sema4C-PlexinB2 signaling largely mediates fear-induced structural plasticity by enhancing dendritic ramifications and modulating synaptic density in the adult hippocampus. Analyses on signaling-related mutant mice showed that these functions are mediated by PlexinB2-dependent RhoA activation. These results deliver important insights into the mechanistic understanding of maladaptive plasticity in fear circuits and have implications for novel therapeutic strategies against fear-related disorders.