bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using an E‐nose machine for detection the adulteration of margarine in cow ghee
Authors: Ayari Fardin , Mirzaee‐ Ghaleh Esmaeil , Rabbani Hekmat , Heidarbeigi Kobra 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDiagnosis of adulteration in cow ghee is one of the key concerns of recent years. In this study, the aroma fingerprints of cow ghee were detected. For this purpose, an electronic nose system was developed and its ability for detection of different amounts of margarine mixed with pure cow ghee (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% levels) was investigated. The system was equipped with eight sensors (MOS type), that each of them reacts to specific volatile compounds in the samples. The features of the signals were considered for data analysis. In this research, principal components analysis (PCA) and artificial neural networks (ANN) methods were used for data analyzing. According to the results, the PCA analysis explained 98% of the variance in the data set. Also, ANN analysis identified 85.6 and 97.2% of pure cow ghee from the adulteration ones when samples were classified in 7 and 2 classes, respectively.Practical applicationsDiagnosis and estimation of adulteration in cow ghee is one of the key concerns for consumers. Electronic nose is a new method that can be used for detection of products quality. We show that electronic nose system is a valuable tool for detection of margarine as a one of common adulteration in cow ghee.
Microbial destruction kinetics of high‐pressure‐processed sugarcane juice (Saccharum officinarum)
Authors: Sreedevi P. , Rao P. Srinivasa 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe efficacy of high‐pressure processing (HPP) on inactivation of indigenous vegetative microorganisms in sugarcane juice was studied under the pressure range of 300–600 MPa for a treatment time of 1 s through 25 min at ambient temperature (30 ± 2 °C). No significant change in pH, total soluble solids (TSS) and titratable acidity were observed in the juice, whereas color variation was significant (p < .05) after HPP treatment. Application of HPP has significantly (p < .05) reduced the vegetative microbial count with the increase in pressure and treatment time. Isobaric destruction of microorganisms followed first‐order kinetics. Among the group of natural microflora studied, coliforms were observed to be more sensitive whereas aerobic mesophiles were least sensitive with the zp value of 846 MPa and the ΔV value of −6.85 × 10−6 m3/mol. High‐pressure treatment of sugarcane juice at 600 MPa/20 min was sufficient to inactivate vegetative microorganisms effectively with minimal changes in physico‐chemical properties of the juice.Practical applicationsSugarcane juice is one of the nutritious natural drinks available in South‐Asian countries. The shelf‐life of sugarcane juice is limited due to high incidences of microbial contamination, which begin immediately after extraction. Thermal processing of sugarcane juice at high temperatures and processing times has a detrimental effect on sensory and nutritional qualities of the juice. The application of high‐pressure processing (HPP) has proved to be a promising technology to produce microbial safe sugarcane juice with minimal changes in physico‐chemical properties. HPP technology can provide a breakthrough in the beverage industries, in developing a “ready‐to‐serve” sugarcane juice for the commercialization and marketability of good quality sugarcane juice.
White Matter Degeneration after Ischemic Stroke: A Longitudinal Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study
Authors: Visser Milanka M. , Yassi Nawaf , Campbell Bruce C.V. , Desmond Patricia M. , Davis Stephen M. , Spratt Neil , Parsons Mark , Bivard Andrew 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEDegeneration of gray matter and subcortical structures after ischemic stroke has been well described. However, little is known about white matter degeneration after stroke. It is unclear whether white matter degeneration occurs throughout the whole brain, or whether patterns of degeneration occur more in specific brain areas.METHODSWe prospectively collected National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in patients with acute ischemic stroke within the first week after onset (baseline), and at 1 and 3 months. DTI was processed to produce maps of fractional anisotropy, apparent diffusion coefficients, and axial and radial diffusivity. DTI parameters in specified regions‐of‐interest corresponding to items on the NIHSS were calculated and changes over time were assessed using linear mixed‐effect modeling.RESULTSSeventeen patients were included in the study. Mean age (SD) was 71 (11.7) years, and median (IQR) baseline NIHSS 9 (5‐13.3). Changes over time were observed in both visual cortices, contralesional primary motor cortex, premotor cortex, and superior temporal gyrus (P < .05). Changes in the ipsilesional motor cortex and inferior parietal lobule were only seen in patients with scores on the respective NIHSS‐items (P < .05). No significant changes in global white matter diffusivity parameters were identified (P > .05).CONCLUSIONWhite matter changes after stroke may be localized rather than a global phenomenon.
The Development of Multiple Self‐Concept Dimensions During Adolescence
Authors: Esnaola Igor , Sesé Albert , Antonio‐Agirre Iratxe , Azpiazu Lorea 
Published: August 2018

The purpose of this research was to analyze the development of self‐concept during adolescence. Participants included 484 teenagers (226 boys and 258 girls) from middle‐class families in the Basque Country region of Spain (Mage = 14.99, SD = 1.81 in Time 1 and Mage = 15.64, SD = 1.80 in Time 2). Longitudinal analysis found differences in the general school dimension. Six dimensions (math, verbal, general school, physical abilities, parent relationships and same‐sex relationships) reported a linear trend with a decreasing monotonic pattern; self‐esteem fit a cubic trend and physical appearance a quadratic trend line. Males showed higher means in self‐esteem, math, physical abilities, physical appearance, emotional stability and parent relationships; and females had higher values in verbal and general school.
Correlating physiochemical quality characteristics to consumer hedonic perception of traditional Doenjang (fermented soybean paste) in Korea
Authors: Kim Mina K. , Chung Hyun‐Jung , Bang Woo‐Suk 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe objective of this study was in twofold: (a) to determine the physiochemical quality characteristics of Doenjang samples manufactured by different methods and (b) to determine the relationship between these characteristics and consumer acceptability. Furthermore, consumer acceptability of the Doenjang samples according to the participant's region of residency (northern vs. southeastern) was investigated. A total of six Doenjang samples were included in this study: Two commercially produced Doenjang products (C1 and C2), three traditionally produced Doenjang products (T1, T2, and T3), and one Japanese‐style Doenjang product (M1). Physiochemical properties including moisture content, pH, salinity, acid value, titratable acidity, amino type nitrogen (NH3‐N) content, reducing sugar and total sugar content, alcohol content, and color measurements (L*, a*, b*), were conducted. In addition, enzymatic activities and microbial activities were analyzed. Consumer acceptance testing on these Doenjang samples was conducted in different locations of South Korea (north and southeast). No differences in consumer preference were found based on the testing location (p > .05). However, differences in physiochemical quality parameters that are important for different region were observed. Consumer preference in the northern region was driven by color‐related attributes while consumer preference in the southeastern region was driven by the sweetness of the Doenjang samples.Practical applicationsPhysiochemical quality characteristics are practically easy‐to‐collect data in the food manufacturing plant for routine quality control process. This study provided the potential to use of objective physiochemical quality control‐related data to predict the consumer preferences of Doenjang, and also reported the different quality attributes that drive consumer preferences of Doenjang according to the location of residency. Outcome of this study: (a) allows Doenjang industry to predict the consumer preferences according to the quality‐related attributes of traditional Doenjang and (b) provides information to strategically design the Doenjang products according to the consumers' preferences in different regions of Korea.
Trends in the prevalence and distribution of teacher‐identified special health‐care needs across three successive population cohorts
Authors: O'Connor Meredith , O'Connor Elodie , Quach Jon , Vashishtha Rakhi , Goldfeld Sharon 
Published: August 2018

AimSome children's special health‐care needs (SHCN) are formalised at the start of schooling (established SHCN), but a larger proportion start with difficulties that are milder or not yet diagnosed (emerging SHCN). This study explores whether: (i) the prevalence of teacher‐identified SHCN (both overall and according to type of needs) and (ii) distribution across disadvantaged communities have changed over three successive population cohorts of Australian children.MethodsWe draw on repeated cross‐sectional data from the Australian Early Development Census, a teacher‐reported checklist completed on full populations of Australian school entrants in 2009, 2012 and 2015. It includes a measure of SHCN, as well as demographic information.ResultsThe proportion of children with emerging and established needs was mostly stable from 2009 to 2015 (emerging needs: 17.1–18.9%; established needs: 4.4–4.9%). Change over time was observed in the prevalence of some specific types of impairment. Speech impairment rose by 14.7% for children with emerging needs, and emotional problems rose by 13.7% for children with established needs. Children living in the most disadvantaged neighbourhoods had higher odds of SHCN in all years (e.g. emerging needs relative risk ratio 1.65 (99% confidence interval 1.55–1.75) in 2015; established needs relative risk ratio 1.88 (99% confidence interval 1.71–2.06) in 2015).ConclusionsA large proportion of children starting school each year have SHCN. The types of SHCN that children present with increasingly reflect complex difficulties that require input from both the health and education sectors. Effective responses also need to consider the added impact of disadvantage.
Religious Fundamentalism in Eight Muslim‐Majority Countries: Reconceptualization and Assessment
Authors: Moaddel Mansoor , Karabenick Stuart A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTo capture the common features of diverse fundamentalist movements, overcome etymological variability, and assess predictors, religious fundamentalism is conceptualized as a set of beliefs about and attitudes toward religion, expressed in a disciplinarian deity, literalism, exclusivity, and intolerance. Evidence from representative samples of over 23,000 adults in Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia, and Turkey supports the conclusion that fundamentalism is stronger in countries where religious liberty is lower, religion less fractionalized, state structure less fragmented, regulation of religion greater, and the national context less globalized. Among individuals within countries, fundamentalism is linked to religiosity, confidence in religious institutions, belief in religious modernity, belief in conspiracies, xenophobia, fatalism, weaker liberal values, trust in family and friends, reliance on less diverse information sources, lower socioeconomic status, and membership in an ethnic majority or dominant religion/sect. We discuss implications of these findings for understanding fundamentalism and the need for further research.
Physiochemical properties and tastes of gels from Japanese Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus niphonius) surimi by different washing processes
Authors: Pan Jinfeng , Jia Hui , Shang Meijun , Xu Chang , Lian Hongliang , Li Haowei , Dong Xiuping 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe study investigated the properties of gels from Japanese Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus niphonius) (JSM) surimi received conventional washing (CW) or alkaline‐saline washing (AW) and un‐washing (UW). AW gel exhibited the highest breaking force and deformation as well as water‐holding capacity, but CW gel only had higher breaking force than UW gel. Low‐field NMR analysis showed that peak P22 in AW gel was shifted to higher relaxation time and the areas of peak P21 and P22 in AW gel were higher than those in UW and CW gels. Compared with UW gel, network structure of AW gel was more continuous with many tiny voids, but CW gel microstructure showed partially uneven area with large voids. SDS‐PAGE showed that band intensity of myosin heavy chain attenuated more in AW gel than in UW and CW gels in nonreducing electrophoresis and it recovered more pronounced in reducing electrophoresis. Solubility attributed to hydrophobic interaction, hydrogen and disulfide bonds increased in CW and AW gels. AW gel gave stronger bitterness and aftertaste A while CW gel showed heavier sourness, astringency, and aftertaste B than UW gel. Results suggest that AW improved physiochemical properties of gel and preserved a closer taste pattern to UW gel. It is recommended for JSM surimi producing.Practical applicationsSurimi food has great potential due to its convenience, elasticity, and nutritional value. Japanese Spanish mackerel (JSM), a popular fish species in China, is widely used for producing surimi food, such as fish ball, dumpling, and sausage. Washing is a practical way to improve its gel properties. This study investigated the gel strength, water status, protein pattern, molecular interactions, microstructure, color, and taste of gels from JSM surimi received conventional washing or alkaline‐saline washing and un‐washing. Some practical information of effects of washing on gel properties was obtained. These results provide supports to the gel properties improvement by appropriate washing for JSM.
Automatic Pixel‐Level Crack Detection and Measurement Using Fully Convolutional Network
Authors: Yang Xincong , Li Heng , Yu Yantao , Luo Xiaochun , Huang Ting , Yang Xu 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe spatial characteristics of cracks are significant indicators to assess and evaluate the health of existing buildings and infrastructures. However, the current manual crack description method is time consuming and labor consuming. To improve the efficiency of crack inspection, advanced computer vision‐based techniques have been utilized to detect cracks automatically at image level and grid‐cell level. But existing crack detections are of (high specificity) low generality and inefficient, in terms that conventional approaches are unable to identify and measure diverse cracks concurrently at pixel level. Therefore, this research implements a novel deep learning technique named fully convolutional network (FCN) to address this problem. First, FCN is trained by feeding multiple types of cracks to semantically identify and segment pixel‐wise cracks at different scales. Then, the predicted crack segmentations are represented by single‐pixel width skeletons to quantitatively measure the morphological features of cracks, providing valuable crack indicators for assessment in practice, such as crack topology, crack length, max width, and mean width. To validate the prediction, the predicted segmentations are compared with recent advanced method for crack recognition and ground truth. For crack segmentation, the accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score are 97.96%, 81.73%, 78.97%, and 79.95%, respectively. For crack length, the relative measurement error varies from −48.03% to 177.79%, meanwhile that ranges from −13.27% to 24.01% for crack width. The results show that FCN is feasible and sufficient for crack identification and measurement. Although the accuracy is not as high as CrackNet because of three types of errors, the prediction has been increased to pixel level and the training time has been dramatically decreased to several per cents of previous methods due to the novel end‐to‐end structure of FCN, which combines typical convolutional neural networks and deconvolutional layers.
The southwestern Atlantic southern right whale, Eubalaena australis, population is growing but at a decelerated rate
Authors: Crespo Enrique A. , Pedraza Susana N. , Dans Silvana L. , Svendsen Guillermo M. , Degrati Mariana , Coscarella Mariano A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis paper reports on aerial surveys conducted to estimate the relative abundance and trend in growth of the southern right whale (Eubalaena australis) population from Península Valdés. The number of whales counted tripled from 1999 to 2016. We modeled the number of whales, the number of calves, the number of solitary individuals and the number of individuals in breeding groups using as predictive variables the year, Julian day, and Julian day2 by means of generalized linear models. The rate of increase decreased from near 7% in 2007 to 0.06% and 2.30% for total number of whales and number of calves, respectively for 2016. Trends in the rates of increase for total number of whales and number of calves were negative (−0.732% and −0.376%, respectively). The habitat use of the whales changed along the years, with mothers and calves using more heavily the near‐shore strip, resulting in a decreasing trend for solitary individuals and breeding groups in near‐shore waters. We conclude that whales are still increasing their abundance, while the rate of increase is decreasing. Differences in the rates of increase of the group types and changes in habitat use are thought to be the consequence of a density‐dependence process.
Circulation dynamics of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica ser. Gallinarum biovar Gallinarum in a poultry farm infested by Dermanyssus gallinae
Authors: Pugliese N. , Circella E. , Marino M. , De Virgilio C. , Cocciolo G. , Lozito P. , Cafiero M. A. , Camarda A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDermanyssus gallinae (Mesostigmata: Dermanyssidae, De Geer, 1778) is an ectoparasite of poultry, suspected to play a role as a vector of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica ser. Gallinarum. Despite an association between them being reported, the actual dynamics in field remain unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to confirm the interactions among mites, pathogen and chickens. The study was carried out in an industrial poultry farm infested by D. gallinae, during an outbreak of fowl typhoid. The presence of S. Gallinarum in mites was assessed and quantified by a semi‐nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real‐time PCR, respectively, in mites collected during two subsequent productive cycles and the sanitary break. The anti‐group D Salmonella antibodies were quantified by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. During the outbreak and the sanitary break, S. Gallinarum was constantly present in mites. In the second cycle, scattered positivity was observed, although hens did not exhibit signs of fowl typhoid, as a result of the vaccination with BIO‐VAC SGP695 (Fatro, Ozzano Emilia Bo, Italy). The data strongly suggest that D. gallinae acts as reservoir of S. Gallinarum, thus allowing the pathogen to persist in farms. Furthermore, the present study has highlighted the interactions among D. gallinae, S. Gallinarum and hens with respect to enhancing the mite‐mediated circulation of S. Gallinarum in an infested poultry farm.
Altered occipital pole connectivity in chronic versus episodic migraine: Whole brain region‐of‐interest analysis of resting‐state functional connectivity
Authors: Imai Noboru 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundResting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging has demonstrated altered resting‐state functional connectivity of several regions that participate in pain processing in individuals suffering from episodic migraines.AimTo explore migraine chronification, we investigated differences in whole brain resting‐state functional connectivity between patients with chronic and episodic migraine.MethodsThirty‐one women with chronic migraine and 31 age‐matched women with episodic migraine underwent resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning during the interictal phase. Resting‐state functional connectivity was assessed using region‐of‐interest to region‐of‐interest analysis with 91 cortical, 15 subcortical, and 26 cerebellar areas.ResultsAnalyses revealed that patients with chronic migraine showed a higher connectivity between the anterior cingulate cortex and bilateral occipital pole and between the right occipital and right supramarginal gyrus, anterior division, bilateral planum polare, right planum temporale, and right supplementary motor cortex than patients with episodic migraine.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the occipital pole plays a key role in migraine chronification.
Half of the patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis after ventilation have apparent frontotemporal lobar atrophy: A quantitative survey of 92 patients by CT imaging
Authors: Sugano Kazuhiko , Yoshino Hideo , Nakazato Taizo , Imai Hisamasa 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundA significant clinicopathological and genetic overlap has been suggested between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD).AimTo determine the overlap, we assessed the cerebral atrophy as a surrogate indicator of FTLD in ALS inpatients with post‐tracheostomy positive pressure ventilation by CT imaging analysis.MethodsThe extent of cerebral atrophy was quantitatively evaluated in 92 ALS patients (age: 68.3 ± 11.0 years and disease duration: 7.6 ± 4.8 years) and 42 age‐matched healthy controls (age: 60.4 ± 13.6 years) by computer‐mediated assessments of sizes of the following four areas [anterior temporal (TL), frontal lobes (FL), and inferior horn (IH) and anterior horn (AH) of the lateral ventricle] and of the corresponding intracranial fossae, to minimize individual head‐size differences.ResultsMore than half of the ALS patients clearly exhibited the parenchymal atrophy in TL and FL regions and the ventricular dilatation in IH and AH areas, both of which exceed the age‐associated physiological changes. By clustering analysis using degrees of TL and FL atrophy and of IH and AH dilatation the ALS patients examined were grouped into five clusters resulting in the following characteristics: (i) normal to mild frontotemporal cortical atrophy (51%); (ii) mild frontotemporal lobar atrophy (FTLA) (26%); (iii) moderate FTLA (15%); (iv) severe FTLA (4%); and (v) severe temporal lobar atrophy (3%).ConclusionHalf of the ALS patients after ventilation had apparent frontotemporal lobar atrophy by CT imaging, and such patients would develop FTLD.
Psychological and physiological effects of laughter yoga sessions in Japan: A pilot study
Authors: Tanaka Aiko , Tokuda Nobuko , Ichihara Kiyoshi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this pilot study was to examine and evaluate the psychological and physiological effects of multiple sessions of laughter yoga on community members. Participants took part in a 45 min laughter yoga session once per month for 6 months. Before and after all sessions, participants completed the Profile of Mood States–Brief Japanese Version (J‐POMS‐B) questionnaire to assess their mood, and had blood drawn for the measurement of stress indicators and immune function. Serial changes in J‐POMS‐B scores were tested by three way analysis of variance, and changes in laboratory results per session were evaluated with a paired t‐test. The results showed that repeated sessions of laughter yoga had psychologically beneficial effects, especially on the aspects of tension–anxiety, and vigor. Adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol values related to the participants' stress levels were significantly decreased after the fourth laughter yoga session. These results indicated that multiple laughter yoga sessions appeared to be effective in improving the psychological and physiological status of healthy adults.