bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Unconventional Polymerization Route to Hydrophilic Fluorescent Organic Nanoparticles for Multicolor Cellular Bioimaging
Authors: Ban Qingfu , Hou Yinglai , Sun Wen , Chen Jianxin , Zhang Xiaofei , Wu Si , Kong Jie 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe demonstrated an unconventional polymerization route to synthesize hydrophilic fluorescent organic nanoparticles (FONs) for multicolor cellular bioimaging in this contribution. The route benefits from our unexpected discovery of a rapid polymerization reaction between 1,6‐hexanediol dipropiolate and 2,4,6‐triazide‐1,3,5‐triazine under the catalysis of N,N,N′,N′′,N′′‐pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA). Interestingly, the 2,4,6‐triazide‐1,3,5‐triazine and PMDETA system can also induce rapid free radical polymerization at room temperature. The as‐prepared FONs exhibited promising water solubility and stability with an average diameter of 20 nm. The excitation wavelength‐dependent fluorescent properties endow the FONs with blue, yellow, and red fluorescent emission under UV, blue, and green excitation, respectively. The cytotoxicity of FONs was investigated by using a Cell Counting Kit (CCK‐8) assay, which indicated good biocompatiblity. More importantly, the cell uptake experiment verified the FONs were excellent fluorescent nanoprobes for multicolor cellular bioimaging. Therefore, this unconventional route provides a novel fabrication strategy of highly hydrophilic FONs for biomedical applications.
Recent Advances in Porous Carbon Materials for Electrochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Wang Libin , Hu Xianluo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractClimate change and the energy crisis have promoted the rapid development of electrochemical energy‐storage devices. Owing to many intriguing physicochemical properties, such as excellent chemical stability, high electronic conductivity, and a large specific surface area, porous carbon materials have always been considering as a promising candidate for electrochemical energy storage. To date, a wide variety of porous carbon materials based upon molecular design, pore control, and compositional tailoring have been proposed for energy‐storage applications. This focus review summarizes recent advances in the synthesis of various porous carbon materials from the view of energy storage, particularly in the past three years. Their applications in representative electrochemical energy‐storage devices, such as lithium‐ion batteries, supercapacitors, and lithium‐ion hybrid capacitors, are discussed in this review, with a look forward to offer some inspiration and guidelines for the exploitation of advanced carbon‐based energy‐storage materials.
A comparison of debate and role play in enhancing critical thinking and communication skills of medical students during problem based learning
Authors: Latif Rabia , Mumtaz Sadaf , Mumtaz Rafia , Hussain Aamir 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDebate and role play for learning critical thinking and communication skills are being increasingly used in various undergraduate medical schools worldwide. We aim to compare students' views about effectiveness of two teaching strategies; debate and role play to exercise critical thinking and communication skills during problem‐based learning (PBL). This is a comparative, cross‐sectional, and questionnaire‐based study. Our subjects were second year undergraduate female medical students enrolled in Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), College of Medicine from September 2014–2016, divided into 10 small PBL groups (10–13 students/group/year). Students rated role play and debate as equally effective in improving communication skills. Debate was rated superior to role play in “opening new avenues of thinking” (p‐value is 0.01), whereas in “integration of knowledge of basic medical sciences with clinical skills” and “reflection of real life experience” students rated role play being superior to debate (p‐value 0.01 and 0.00, respectively). Both role play and debate are well accepted by the students in PBL curriculum as an effective teaching methodology. Both are perceived equally good in improving students' communication skills. Few aspects of critical thinking are improved more by role plays compared to debate and vice versa. © 2018 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 46:336–342, 2018.
Identification of metabolites of Helicid in vivo using ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Diao Xinpeng , Liao Man , Cheng Xiaoye , Liang Caijuan , Sun Yupeng , Zhang Xia , Zhang Lantong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHelicid is an active natural aromatic phenolic glycoside ingredient originating from a well‐known traditional Chinese herbal medicine and has the significant effects of sedative hypnosis, anti‐inflammatory analgesia and antidepressant. In this study, we analyzed the potential metabolites of Helicid in rats by multiple mass defect filter and dynamic background subtraction in ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS). Moreover, we used a novel data processing method, ‘key product ions’, to rapidly detect and identify metabolites as an assistant tool. MetabolitePilot™ 2.0 software and PeakView™ 2.2 software were used for analyzing metabolites. Twenty metabolites of Helicid (including 15 phase I metabolites and five phase II metabolites) were detected by comparison with the blank samples. The biotransformation route of Helicid was identified as demethylation, oxidation, dehydroxylation, hydrogenation, decarbonylation, glucuronide conjugation and methylation. This is the first study simultaneously detecting and identifying Helicid metabolism in rats employing UHPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS technology. This experiment not only proposed a method for rapidly detecting and identifying metabolites, but also provided useful information for further study of the pharmacology and mechanism of Helicid in vivo. Furthermore, it provided an effective method for the analysis of other aromatic phenolic glycosides metabolic components in vivo.
Behavioral changes induced through adenosine A2A receptor ligands in a rat depression model induced by olfactory bulbectomy
Authors: Padilla Karla Margarita , Quintanar‐Setephano Andres , López‐Vallejo Fabian , Berumen Laura Cristina , Miledi Ricardo , García‐Alcocer Guadalupe 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundMajor depressive disorders are characterized by their severity and long‐lasting symptoms, which make such disorders highly disabling illnesses. Unfortunately, 50% of major depressive patients experience relapses, perhaps partly because drug research has been performed only in animal models that screen for antidepressant drugs that appear to only ameliorate acute depression symptoms. The bilateral olfactory bulbectomy (OBX) animal model presents the advantage of mimicking the symptoms of chronic depression by means of brain surgery. Adenosine purinergic receptors A2A (A2AR) have been the target of interest in the field of psychiatric diseases. This study aimed to show which A2A receptor ligands exert antidepressive‐like effects in the OBX rat model.MethodsForty Sprague‐Dawley male rats were divided into four groups: control, OBX + vehicle, OBX + ZM 241385, and OBX + adenosine groups. Pharmacological treatment was administered for 14 days, and the rats were examined via the forced swim test (FST), open field test (OFT), and sucrose preference test (SPT).ResultsThe OBX + ZM 241385 group exhibited decreased immobility time in the FST, decreased isolation time in the OFT, and reversed anhedonia behavior in the SPT compared to the vehicle group. However, no significant differences for adenosine treatment were found.ConclusionsZM 241385 administration (2 mg/kg i.p.) restored behavioral changes associated with OBX‐induced depression.
Ketogenic diet effects on 52 children with pharmacoresistant epileptic encephalopathy: A clinical prospective study
Authors: Wu Qiong , Wang Hua , Fan Yu Ying , Zhang Jun Mei , Liu Xue Yan , Fang Xiu Ying , Yang Feng Hua , Cao Qing Jun , Qi Ying 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical impact of ketogenic diet (KD) on children with pharmacoresistant epileptic encephalopathy.MethodsIn all, 52 children with pharmacoresistant epileptic encephalopathy that diagnosed in our hospital from July 2012 to June 2015 were selected, including West syndrome 38 cases, Lennox–Gastaut Syndrome 7 cases, Doose Syndrome 1 case, and Dravet syndrome 6 cases, and the effect, compliance, adverse reactions, electroencephalogram (EEG), and cognitive function were analyzed. Modified Johns Hopkins protocol was used to initiateKD, and Engel scale was used to evaluate the effect, and evaluated the effect ofKDon the cognition, language, and motor function.ResultsAt 12 weeks ofKDtreatment, the patients achieved I,II,III, andIVgrade effect were accounted for 26.9% (14/52 cases), 17.3% (9/52 cases), 11.5% (6/52 cases), and 44.2% (23/52 cases), respectively, according to Engel scale.KDhas different effect on different epileptic syndromes, best effect on Doose syndromes of 100%, and better effect on West syndrome with the effect rate of 57.9%, and the total effect number was 22 cases. The reduction of epileptiform discharges in the awake state beforeKDtreatment was correlated with the seizure time after 3 months ofKDtreatment (r = .330,p = .017). The cognitive function of 23 patients was improved, 12 patients had language improvement, and the motor function was improved in 10 patients. In all, 23 patients had adverse reactions, and all patients were tolerated and improved.ConclusionKDhas certain effect on children with pharmacoresistant epileptic encephalopathy, and it can reduce interictal epileptic discharge frequency, and improve the background rhythm ofEEG. The reduction of epileptiform discharges in awake state is in favor of the reduction of seizures frequency, thus increasing the efficacy, and improve the cognitive function, language, and motor function to varying degrees, combined with less adverse reaction, which is worthy of clinical application.
Quinazoline‐Based Hydroxamic Acids: Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitory Effects and Cytotoxicity
Authors: Hieu Doan Thanh , Anh Duong Tien , Hai Pham‐The , Huong Le‐Thi‐Thu , Park Eun Jae , Choi Jeong Eun , Kang Jong Soon , Dung Phan Thi Phuong , Han Sang‐Bae , Nam Nguyen‐Hai 
Published: April 2018

In our search for novel histone deacetylases inhibitors, we have designed and synthesized a series of novel hydroxamic acids and N‐hydroxybenzamides incorporating quinazoline heterocycles (4a – 4i, 6a – 6i). Bioevaluation showed that these quinazoline‐based hydroxamic acids and N‐hydroxybenzamides were potently cytotoxic against three human cancer cell lines (SW620, colon; PC‐3, prostate; NCI‐H23, lung). In term of cytotoxicity, several compounds, e.g., 4g, 4c, 4g – 4i, 6c, and 6h, displayed from 5‐ up to 10‐fold higher potency than SAHA (suberoylanilidehydroxamic acid, vorinostat). The compounds were also generally comparable to SAHA in inhibiting HDACs with IC50 values in sub‐micromolar range. Some compounds, e.g., 4g, 6c, 6e, and 6h, were even more potent HDAC inhibitors compared to SAHA in HeLa extract assay. Docking studies demonstrated that the compounds tightly bound to HDAC2 at the active binding site with binding affinities higher than that of SAHA. Detailed investigation on the estimation of absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) suggested that compounds 4g, 6c, and 6g, while showing potent HDAC2 inhibitory activity and cytotoxicity, also potentially displayed ADMET characteristics desirable to be expected as promising anticancer drug candidates.
A giant adrenal cyst with an uncertain preoperative diagnosis causing a dilemma in management
Authors: Olaoye Iyiade Olatunde , Adesina Micheal Dapo , Afolayan Enoch Abiodun 
Published: April 2018

Key Clinical MessageGiant Adrenal cysts are rare differentials of retroperitoneal cysts that often present dilemma in diagnosis. A man presented with a huge retroperitoneal cyst and an uncertain preoperative diagnosis. Initial working diagnosis of urinoma and an attempt at drainage had to be abandoned for complete excision before obtaining a histological diagnosis.
Methemoglobinemia should be suspected when oxygen saturation apparently decreases after prilocaine infiltration during intravenous sedation
Authors: Wakita Ryo , Fukayama Haruhisa 
Published: April 2018

Key Clinical MessageDuring intravenous sedation, a decrease in SpO2 is usually the result of respiratory failure. However, we experienced a case with SpO2 decrease that was caused by methemoglobinemia in prilocaine infiltration anesthesia during sedation. This indicates that methemoglobinemia should be considered if low SpO2 is sustained unrelated to sedation level.
Leukemic mature B‐cell neoplasm observed during the treatment with romiplostim in patient with thrombocytopenia and liver cirrhosis
Authors: Osawa Marina , Akiyama Hideki , Mae Sunao , Fujiwara Yuko , Yamane Michio 
Published: April 2018

Key Clinical MessageWe report here a new adverse event of romiplostim which is a protein analog of thrombopoietin. Leukemic mature B‐cell neoplasm was observed during the treatment of thrombocytopenia in a patient with liver cirrhosis. Their relationship was suggested clinically but the mechanism of leukemic expansion of lymphoma cells was not clarified.
Unravelling Chemical Interactions with Principal Interacting Orbital Analysis
Authors: Zhang Jing‐Xuan , Sheong Fu Kit , Lin Zhenyang 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDecomposing chemical interactions into bonds and other higher order interactions is a common practice to analyse chemical structures, and gave birth to many chemical concepts, despite the fact that the decomposition itself might be subjective in nature. Fragment molecular orbitals (FMOs) offer a more rigorous alternative to such intuition, but might be less interpretable due to extensive delocalisation in FMOs. Inspired by the Principal Component Analysis in statistics, we hereby present a novel framework, Principal Interacting Orbital (PIO) analysis, that can very quickly identify the “dominant interacting orbitals” that are semi‐localised and easily interpretable, while still maintaining mathematical rigor. Many chemical concepts that are often taken for granted, but could not be easily inferred from other computational techniques like FMO analysis, can now be visualised as PIOs. We have also illustrated, through various examples covering both organic and inorganic chemistry, how PIO analysis could help us pinpoint subtle features that might play determining roles in bonding and reactions.
Ion‐Pairing Assemblies of π‐Electronic Anions Formed by Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding
Authors: Maeda Hiromitsu , Takeda Yuka , Haketa Yohei , Morimoto Yuta , Yasuda Nobuhiro 
Published: April 2018

Abstractπ‐Extended nitro‐substituted dipyrrolylphenol derivatives were synthesized, and upon deprotonation they provided π‐electronic anions stabilized by hydrogen bonding between the phenolate (phenoxide) moiety and the pyrrole NH group. Ion‐pairing assemblies of the deprotonated anions were formed in the solid state and as mesophases. In the solid state, the extended π plane was found to be more suitable to form charge‐by‐charge assemblies in combination with tetraalkylammonium cations with highly anisotropic orientations as a result of efficient stacking. The mesophase also included a charge‐by‐charge assembly comprising the deprotonated anion bearing aliphatic chains, as revealed by synchrotron X‐ray diffraction analysis.
Reactions of Digallanes with p‐ and d‐Block Lewis Bases: Adducts, Bis(gallyl) Complexes, and Naked Ga+ as Ligand
Authors: Schuster Julia K. , Muessig Jonas H. , Dewhurst Rian D. , Braunschweig Holger 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA range of double carbene adducts of digallanes(4) are prepared from an existing double digallane adduct, and their halides are subsequently exchanged, establishing the feasibility of both base and halide‐exchange reactions from digallane adducts. Furthermore, a range of digallium species are treated with transition‐metal Lewis bases, leading alternatively to oxidative addition products, species with monocoordinate Ga+ ligands, and an unusual ditopic metal‐only Lewis pair (MOLP). These results underline the manifold and unpredictable chemistry of halogallane species with Lewis bases.
Kinetics of the Sieving Process – Determination of Sieving Time in Analysis and Multi‐Deck Sieving
Authors: Teipel Ulrich , Schlotzhauer Selina 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDie Siebung ist eine der ältesten Technologien zur Klassierung und Charakterisierung partikulärer Systeme und zählt noch immer zu den am weit verbreitetsten Methoden. Die Qualität und die Effizienz eines Siebvorganges und somit des Analysenergebnisses wird sowohl durch prozesstechnische Einflussgrößen als auch von produktspezifischen Eigenschaften des Aufgabegutes beeinflusst. Beim Einsatz einer Mehrdecksiebanlage oder eines Analysensiebturms beteiligen sich Siebe mit verschiedenen Maschenweiten zeitabhängig am Siebprozess. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurden verschiedene partikuläre Materialien in einem Analysensiebturm untersucht. Die Siebzeit wurde variiert und die Partikelgrößenverteilung jeder Siebfraktion für jede Siebzeit ermittelt. Die Ergebnisse werden beispielhaft für Kalkstein und zerkleinerte Walnussschalen vorgestellt.
Near‐Infrared Image Analysis as Tool for Monitoring Process Activities
Authors: Kübel‐Heising Felix , Kunkel Sven , Medina Isabel , Hien Andreas , Schmitt Lukas , Scholl Stephan , Repke Jens‐Uwe , Rädle Matthias 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn der Verfahrenstechnik treten häufig Zustände auf, bei denen die lokale Verteilung von Fluiden und Feststoffen und deren zeitliche und räumliche Veränderung maßgebliche prozessrelevante Größen darstellen. Dieser Beitrag widmet sich der Überwachung solcher Vorgänge, wie der Trocknung, Benetzung und Kristallstrukturbildung, die den Einsatz ortsaufgelöster und auch molekülspezifischer Messverfahren verlangt. Ein solches berührungsloses Verfahren stellt die Nahinfrarot‐Bildanalyse mit Indium‐Gallium‐Arsenid‐Sensor dar. Die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten und das Potenzial dieser Inline‐Messmethode werden aufgezeigt und erläutert.
Fully Automated Production and Characterization of 64Cu and Proof‐of‐Principle Small‐Animal PET Imaging Using 64Cu‐Labelled CA XII Targeting 6A10 Fab
Authors: Fiedler Luise , Kellner Markus , Oos Rosel , Böning Guido , Ziegler Sibylle , Bartenstein Peter , Zeidler Reinhard , Gildehaus Franz Josef , Lindner Simon 
Published: April 2018

Abstract64Cu is a cyclotron‐produced radionuclide which offers, thanks to its characteristic decay scheme, the possibility of combining positron emission tomography (PET) investigations with radiotherapy. We evaluated the Alceo system from Comecer SpA to automatically produce 64Cu for radiolabelling purposes. We established a 64Cu production routine with high yields and radionuclide purity in combination with excellent operator radiation protection. The carbonic anhydrase XII targeting 6A10 antibody Fab fragment was successfully radiolabelled with the produced 64Cu, and proof‐of‐principle small‐animal PET experiments on mice bearing glioma xenografts were performed. We obtained a high tumor‐to‐contralateral muscle ratio, which encourages further in vivo investigations of the radioconjugate regarding a possible application in diagnostic tumor imaging.
Meeting the needs of long‐term survivors: A testament to success in the care of patients with cancer
Authors: Spiegel Daphna Y. , Koontz Bridget F. 
Published: April 2018

Improvements in cancer therapy have resulted in cancer survivors living longer. These individuals have expectations and needs regarding education for the early detection of disease recurrence or late toxicity and maximizing their health. Clinicians have excelled in developing treatments to cure patients with cancer; we now need to expand our efforts to excel in caring for these cancer survivors.See also pages 2653‐60.
Cone synapses in mammalian retinal rod bipolar cells
Authors: Pang Ji‐Jie , Yang Zhuo , Jacoby Roy A. , Wu Samuel M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSome mammalian rod bipolar cells (RBCs) can receive excitatory chemical synaptic inputs from both rods and cones (DBCR2), but anatomical evidence for mammalian cone‐RBC contacts has been sparse. We examined anatomical cone‐RBC contacts using neurobiotin (NB) to visualize individual mouse cones and standard immuno‐markers to identify RBCs, cone pedicles and synapses in mouse and baboon retinas. Peanut agglutinin (PNA) stained the basal membrane of all cone pedicles, and mouse cones were positive for red/green (R/G)‐opsin, whereas baboon cones were positive for calbindin D‐28k. All synapses in the outer plexiform layer were labeled for synaptic vesicle protein 2 (SV2) and PSD (postsynaptic density)‐95, and those that coincided with PNA resided closest to bipolar cell somas. Cone‐RBC synaptic contacts were identified by: (a) RBC dendrites deeply invaginating into the center of cone pedicles (invaginating synapses), (b) RBC dendritic spines intruding into the surface of cone pedicles (superficial synapses), and (c) PKCα immunoreactivity coinciding with synaptic marker SV2, PSD‐95, mGluR6, G protein beta 5 or PNA at cone pedicles. One RBC could form 0‐1 invaginating and 1‐3 superficial contacts with cones. 20.7% and 38.9% of mouse RBCs contacted cones in the peripheral and central retina (p < .05, n = 14 samples), respectively, while 34.4% (peripheral) and 48.5% (central) of cones contacted RBCs (p > .05). In baboon retinas (n = 4 samples), cone‐RBC contacts involved 12.2% of RBCs (n = 416 cells) and 22.5% of cones (n = 225 cells). This suggests that rod and cone signals in the ON pathway are integrated in some RBCs before reaching AII amacrine cells.
Consumers' heterogeneous preferences for corporate social responsibility in the food industry
Authors: Lerro Marco , Vecchio Riccardo , Caracciolo Francesco , Pascucci Stefano , Cembalo Luigi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis study reveals the consumer side of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the food industry, exploring awareness, preferences and willingness to pay for CSR of a representative sample of Italian households. The results clearly indicate that Italian consumers reveal a high level of awareness within clear, though heterogeneous, preferences for CSR initiatives. Five consumers' groups were identified: ‘environmentalists’, ‘pro‐socials’, ‘collectivists’, ‘animal friends’ and ‘selfish health centered’. Furthermore, the study reveals consumers' willingness to pay a premium price to reward food companies addressing their concerns and expectations in terms of CSR. Findings offer insights for business managers on how to promote CSR, developing communication and information strategies focusing on specific needs and personal relevance within a group of consumers.
A Rechargeable High‐Temperature Molten Salt Iron–Oxygen Battery
Authors: Peng Cheng , Guan Chengzhi , Lin Jun , Zhang Shiyu , Bao Hongliang , Wang Yu , Xiao Guoping , Chen George Zheng , Wang Jian‐Qiang 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe energy and power density of conventional batteries are far lower than their theoretical expectations, primarily because of slow reaction kinetics that are often observed under ambient conditions. Here we describe a low‐cost and high‐temperature rechargeable iron–oxygen battery containing a bi‐phase electrolyte of molten carbonate and solid oxide. This new design merges the merits of a solid–oxide fuel cell and molten metal–air battery, offering significantly improved battery reaction kinetics and power capability without compromising the energy capacity. The as‐fabricated battery prototype can be charged at high current density, and exhibits excellent stability and security in the highly charged state. It typically exhibits specific energy, specific power, energy density, and power density of 129.1 Wh kg−1, 2.8 kW kg−1, 388.1 Wh L−1, and 21.0 kW L−1, respectively, based on the mass and volume of the molten salt.