bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deferring to Others about One's Own Mind
Authors: Doyle Casey 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPessimists about moral testimony hold that there is something suboptimal about forming moral beliefs by deferring to another. This paper motivates an analogous claim about self‐knowledge of the reason‐responsive attitudes. When it comes to your own mind, it seems important to know things “from the inside”, in the first‐personal way, rather than putting your trust in another. After motivating pessimism, the paper offers an explanation of its truth. First‐person knowledge is distinctive because it involves knowing a state of mind and finding it intelligible from one's point of view. It concludes by considering the value of this form of self‐understanding.
A strong early acting wound‐inducible promoter, RbPCD1pro, activates cryIAc expression within minutes of wounding to impart efficient protection against insects
Authors: Pandey Saurabh Prakash , Singh Amar Pal , Srivastava Shruti , Chandrashekar Krishnappa , Sane Aniruddha P. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryThe expression of insecticidal proteins under constitutive promoters in transgenic plants is fraught with problems like developmental abnormalities, yield drag, expression in unwanted tissues, and seasonal changes in expression. RbPCD1pro, a rapid, early acting wound‐inducible promoter from rose that is activated within 5 min of wounding, was isolated and characterized. Wounding increased transcript levels up to 150 and 500 folds within 5 and 20 min coupled with high translation as seen by histochemical GUS enzyme activity within 5–20 min. RbPCD1pro was activated by both sucking and chewing insects and showed wound‐inducible expression in various aerial tissues of plants representing commercially important dicot and monocot families. The promoter showed no expression in any vegetative tissue except upon wounding. Functionality of RbPCD1pro was tested by its ability to drive expression of the insecticidal protein gene cryIAc in transgenic Arabidopsis and tomato. Strong wound‐inducible CryIAc expression was observed in both plants that increased 100–350 fold (Arabidopsis) and 280–600 fold (tomato) over the unwounded background within 5 min and over 1000–1600 fold within 20 min. The unwounded background level was just 3–6% of the CaMV35S promoter while wound‐induced expression was 5–27 folds higher than the best CaMV35S line in just 5 min and 80‐fold higher in 20 min. Transgenic plants showed strong resistance even to larger fourth instar larvae of H. armigera and no abnormalities in development and general plant growth. This is one of the earliest acting promoters with wide biotechnological application across monocot and dicot plants.
Marker‐assisted introgression of rare allele of β‐carotene hydroxylase (crtRB1) gene into elite quality protein maize inbred for combining high lysine, tryptophan and provitamin A in maize
Authors: Goswami Rajat , Zunjare Rajkumar Uttamrao , Khan Suphiya , Baveja Aanchal , Muthusamy Vignesh , Hossain Firoz 
Published: January 2019

AbstractVitamin A deficiency in humans is a widespread health problem. Quality protein maize (QPM) is a popular food rich in lysine and tryptophan, but poor in provitamin A (proA). Here, we report the improvement of an elite QPM inbred, HKI1128Q for proA using marker‐assisted introgression of crtRB1‐favourable allele. HKI1128 was one of the parental lines of three popular hybrids in India and was converted to QPM in our earlier programme. Severe segregation distortion for crtRB1 was observed in BC1F1, BC2F1 and BC2F2. Background selection by 100 SSRs revealed mean recovery of 91.07% recurrent parent genome varying from 88.78% to 93.88%. Across years, introgressed progenies possessed higher mean β‐carotene (BC: 9.22 µg/g), β‐cryptoxanthin (BCX: 3.05 µg/g) and provitamin A (proA: 10.75 µg/g) compared to HKI1128Q (BC: 2.26 µg/g, BCX: 2.26 µg/g and proA: 3.38 µg/g). High concentration of essential amino acids, viz. lysine (mean: 0.303%) and tryptophan (0.080%) in endosperm, was also retained. Multi‐year evaluation showed that introgressed progenies possessed similar grain yield (1,759–1,879 kg/ha) with HKI1128Q (1,778 kg/ha). Introgressed progenies with higher lysine, tryptophan and proA hold immense potential as donors and parents in developing biofortified hybrids.
DWARF4 accumulation in root tips is enhanced via blue light perception by cryptochromes
Authors: Sakaguchi Jun , Matsushita Tomonao , Watanabe Yuichiro 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBrassinosteroid (BR) signalling is known to be coordinated with light signalling in above ground tissue. Many studies focusing on the shade avoidance response in above ground tissue or hypocotyl elongation in darkness have revealed the contribution of the BR signalling pathway to these processes. We previously analysed the expression of DWARF 4 (DWF4), a key BR biosynthesis enzyme, and revealed that light perception in above ground tissues triggered DWF4 accumulation in root tips. To determine the required wavelength of light and photoreceptors responsible for this regulation, we studied DWF4‐GUS marker plants grown in several monochromatic light conditions. We revealed that monochromatic blue LED light could induce DWF4 accumulation in primary root tips and root growth as much as white light, whereas monochromatic red LED could not. Consistent with this, a cryptochrome1/2 double mutant showed retarded root growth under white light whereas a phytochromeA/B double mutant did not. Taken together, our data strongly indicated that blue light signalling was important for DWF4 accumulation in root tips and root growth. Furthermore, DWF4 accumulation patterns in primary root tips were not altered by auxin or sugar treatment. Therefore, we hypothesize that blue light signalling from the shoot tissue is different from auxin and sugar signalling.
Pollination efficiency of cockroaches and other floral visitors of Clusia blattophila
Authors: Vlasáková B. , Pinc J. , Jůna F. , Kotyková Varadínová Z. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Cockroaches have rarely been documented as pollinators. In this paper we examine whether this is because they might be inefficient at pollination compared to other pollinators. Clusia blattophila, a dioecious shrub growing on isolated rocky outcrops in French Guiana, is pollinated by Amazonina platystylata cockroaches and provides a valuable system for the study of cockroach pollination efficiency.

We examined the species composition of the visitor guild and visitation rates by means of camcorder recordings and visitor sampling. Then, we investigated the capacity for pollen transfer of principal visitors and found correlations between visitation rates and pollen loads on stigmas. In an exclusion experiment we determined the contributions of individual species to pollination success.

Amazonina platystylata, crickets and two species of Diptera transferred pollen, but the number of transferred pollen grains was only related to visitation rates in the case of cockroaches. Crickets visited and rarely carried pollen. Dipterans were as frequent as cockroaches, carried similar pollen loads, but transferred much less pollen. An estimated 41% and 17% of ovules were pollinated by cockroaches and dipterans, respectively. The remaining ovules were not pollinated. There was no spatial variation in pollinator guild composition, but cockroaches visited flowers less frequently at the smaller study site.

We demonstrate that cockroaches pollinate a large proportion of ovules. Their pollination service is not confined to one study site and, unlike that provided by dipterans, is not limited to certain years. We suggest that cockroach pollination has been overlooked and that cockroach‐pollinated plants, which share certain floral features, possess adaptations to pollination by cockroaches.
Active information sampling varies across the cardiac cycle
Authors: Kunzendorf Stella , Klotzsche Felix , Akbal Mert , Villringer Arno , Ohl Sven , Gaebler Michael 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPerception and cognition oscillate with fluctuating bodily states. For example, visual processing has been shown to change with alternating cardiac phases. Here, we study the heartbeat’s role for active information sampling—testing whether humans implicitly act upon their environment so that relevant signals appear during preferred cardiac phases. During the encoding period of a visual memory experiment, participants clicked through a set of emotional pictures to memorize them for a later recognition test. By self‐paced key press, they actively prompted the onset of short (100 ms) presented pictures. Simultaneously recorded electrocardiograms allowed us to analyze the self‐initiated picture onsets relative to the heartbeat. We find that self‐initiated picture onsets vary across the cardiac cycle, showing an increase during cardiac systole, while memory performance was not affected by the heartbeat. We conclude that active information sampling integrates heart‐related signals, thereby extending previous findings on the association between body‐brain interactions and behavior.
Using principal components analysis to examine resting state EEG in relation to task performance
Authors: Karamacoska Diana , Barry Robert J. , Steiner Genevieve Z. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBrain dynamics research has highlighted the significance of the ongoing EEG in ERP genesis and cognitive functioning. Few studies, however, have assessed the contributions of the intrinsic resting state EEG to these stimulus‐response processes and behavioral outcomes. Principal components analysis (PCA) has increasingly been used to obtain more objective, data‐driven estimates of the EEG and ERPs. PCA was used here to reassess resting state EEG and go/no‐go task ERP data from a previous study (Karamacoska et al., 2017) and the relationships between these measures. Twenty adults had EEG recorded with eyes closed (EC) and eyes open (EO), and as they completed an auditory go/no‐go task. Separate EEG and ERP PCAs were conducted on each resting condition and stimulus type. For each state, seven EEG components were identified within the delta‐beta frequency range, and six ERP components were obtained for go and no‐go stimuli. Within the task, mean reaction time (RT) correlated positively with go P2 amplitude and negatively with P3b positivity. Regressions revealed that greater EC delta‐1 amplitude predicted shorter mean RT, and larger alpha‐3 amplitude predicted go P3b enhancement. These findings demonstrate the immediate P2 and P3b involvement in decision making and response control and the intrinsic EC delta‐1 and alpha‐3 amplitudes that underpin these processes.
Remittances and bond yield spreads in emerging market economies
Authors: Balima Hippolyte Wenéyam , Combes Jean‐Louis 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis paper tests whether remittances reduce bond yield spreads in emerging market economies. Drawing upon instrumental variable techniques, our paper reveals that remittance inflows significantly reduce bond yield spreads. This result is robust to different specifications, alternative instrumentation techniques, additional control variables, and the use of credit default swap spreads in place of bond spreads. In addition, we find that the effect of remittances on spreads (i) is larger in (more) poorly developed financial systems, (ii) increases with the degree of trade openness, (iii) is larger in low fiscal space regimes, and (iv) is larger in nonremittance‐dependent countries. The paper concludes that policies that improve the measurement of remittance inflows and reduce their transfer costs or that enable countries to develop securitization of remittances and diaspora bonds could help emerging market economies to leverage remittances for international capital market access.
Scapegoating culture: Misunderstanding organizational culture as the problem in carceral institutions and beyond
Authors: Rudes Danielle S. , Magnuson Shannon 
Published: January 2019

AbstractOrganizational culture is an obscure and poorly understood part of organizational life. In scholarly work, researchers use organizational culture as both a catch‐all term and a black box of intrigue. The former suggests its omnipresence and ability to take the blame for all that ills organizations. The latter denotes a mythical and misunderstood invisible cloak that covers organizations and organizational life, yet is misconstrued, complex, and confusing. This paper presents a brief summary of the multidisciplinary history of organizational culture as a concept and operationalized term while simultaneously suggesting our knowledge of organizational culture remains at its infancy. Using prisons as a case study example, the authors consider how better to unpack organizational culture using sound and rigorous qualitative methods with careful attention to sampling and researcher–subject collaboration. Concluding thoughts note the importance of using culture as a dependent, rather than independent variable, so scholars will stop scapegoating culture as the answer to why organizational processes and outcomes fail and will instead recognize the study of culture as the problem itself.
Translation of national guidelines into local practice
Authors: Warnakulasuriya Samantha R , Harvey Rachel , McNarry Alistair F 
Published: January 2019

SummaryBackgroundAddressing themes raised by the Royal College of Anaesthetists National Audit Project 4, we introduced new training programmes to improve the knowledge and skills necessary for the management of airway crises. A further large‐scale multimodal training programme was introduced to implement guidelines published in 2015 by the Difficult Airway Society (DAS).MethodsIn 2014, questionnaires were used to assess the knowledge necessary to manage the unanticipated difficult airway before and after high‐fidelity simulation sessions. In 2016, surveys assessed knowledge of new DAS guidelines before and 5 months after the implementation of a large‐scale targeted teaching programme to educate staff.ResultsIn 2014, 20 anaesthetic teams (75 delegates) attended high‐fidelity simulations and demonstrated a significant immediate improvement in knowledge. In 2016, 185 participants attended a targeted teaching programme. Although after the teaching programme an increased number of anaesthetists reported having accessed training, there was a persistent knowledge gap, with some details retained by as few as 15% of participants.DiscussionWhereas the knowledge of these important guidelines was improved in the immediate aftermath of high‐fidelity simulation training, the knowledge retention was disappointing, raising questions as to why knowledge of highly important techniques used in crises was so poor. We ask whether training should be compulsory and how knowledge retention might be improved across all health care disciplines that rely on guidelines for the effective management of rarely occurring but safety‐critical events.
Palmar arthroscopic approach and intra‐articular anatomy of the bovine carpal joints
Authors: Hagag Usama , Tawfiek Mohamed G. , Brehm Walter 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the palmar arthroscopic approaches to the bovine carpus and document the visible intra‐articular structures in each approach.Study designEx vivo study.Sample populationThirty fresh cadaveric bovine forelimbs.MethodsComputed tomography (CT) and gross dissection were performed on 4 carpi. Latex models were produced from 6 carpi to define the gross anatomy and arthroscopic portals to the palmar carpal pouches. Ultrasonography and arthroscopy were performed on 20 carpi to document visualization of the local anatomy.ResultsA single palmar pouch was present on both sides of each joint on gross dissection and evaluation of latex models. The relationship between pouches and palmar structures was observed by CT. Small anechoic areas identified on ultrasonography increased after joint distension. Palmar arthroscopy of the antebrachiocarpal joint enabled visualization of the palmar surfaces of radial, intermediate, and ulnar carpal bones; distal radius; ulnar styloid process; palmar radiocarpal ligament; and articulation of accessory and ulnar carpal bones. Palmar arthroscopy of the middle carpal joint enabled inspection of the palmar aspects of ulnar, intermediate, radial, fused second and third and fourth carpal bones, palmar carpometacarpal ligament, and the short lateral collateral ligament. Palmar aspects of the fourth and fifth metacarpal bones were explored through the palmarolateral approach to the middle carpal joint. Instrument portals for each pouch were created under arthroscopic guidance.ConclusionPalmar arthroscopy of the adult bovine carpus enabled visualization of the clinically relevant palmar intra‐articular structures.Clinical significancePalmar carpal arthroscopy should be considered as an adjunct to dorsal approach for the diagnosis and treatment of bovine carpal diseases.
Randomised trial to evaluate the effectiveness and impact of offering postvisit decision support and assistance in obtaining physician-recommended colorectal cancer screening: the e-assist: Colon Health study—a protocol study
Authors: Lafata Jennifer Elston , Shin Yongyun , Flocke Susan A , Hawley Sarah T , Jones Resa M , Resnicow Ken , Schreiber Michelle , Shires Deirdre A , Tu Shin-Ping 
Published: January 2019

IntroductionHow to provide practice-integrated decision support to patients remains a challenge. We are testing the effectiveness of a practice-integrated programme targeting patients with a physician recommendation for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening.Methods and analysisIn partnership with healthcare teams, we developed ‘e-assist: Colon Health’, a patient-targeted, postvisit CRC screening decision support programme. The programme is housed within an electronic health record (EHR)-embedded patient portal. It leverages a physician screening recommendation as the cue to action and uses the portal to enrol and intervene with patients. Programme content complements patient–physician discussions by encouraging screening, addressing common questions and assisting with barrier removal. For evaluation, we are using a randomised trial in which patients are randomised to receive e-assist: Colon Health or one of two controls (usual care plus or usual care). Trial participants are average-risk, aged 50–75 years, due for CRC screening and received a physician order for stool testing or colonoscopy. Effectiveness will be evaluated by comparing screening use, as documented in the EHR, between trial enrollees in the e-assist: Colon Health and usual care plus (CRC screening information receipt) groups. Secondary outcomes include patient-perceived benefits of, barriers to and support for CRC screening and patient-reported CRC screening intent. The usual care group will be used to estimate screening use without intervention and programme impact at the population level. Differences in outcomes by study arm will be estimated with hierarchical logit models where patients are nested within physicians.Ethics and disseminationAll trial aspects have been approved by the Institutional Review Board of the health system in which the trial is being conducted. We will disseminate findings in diverse scientific venues and will target clinical and quality improvement audiences via other venues. The intervention could serve as a model for filling the gap between physician recommendations and patient action.Trial registration numberNCT02798224; Pre-results.
Alternative Methods to Estimate Implied Variance: Review and Comparison
Authors: Chen Yibing , Lee Cheng-Few , Lee John , Chang Jow-Ran 
Published: January 2019

In this paper, we first review several alternative methods to estimate implied variance. Then we show how the MATLAB computer program can be used to estimate implied variance based upon the Black–Scholes model. In addition, we also discuss how the approximation method derived by Ang et al. (2013) can be used to estimate implied variance. Real-world data from US individual stock options are used to compare the estimation results using three typical alternative methods: regression method proposed by Lai et al., MATLAB computer program approach and approximation method derived by Ang et al. Also, this paper presents the empirical results of China ETF 50 options which were new in the financial markets.
Inversion of the north Iberian hyperextended margin: the role of exhumed mantle indentation during continental collision
Authors: García-Senz Jesús , Pedrera Antonio , Ayala Conxi , Ruiz-Constán Ana , Robador Alejandro , Rodríguez-Fernández Luis Roberto 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Critical gravity and magnetic data suggest the presence of a continuous zigzag exhumed mantle body inside the attenuated crust of the north Iberia continental margin. We propose that this body greatly conditioned the structural domains of the Cantabrian–Pyrenean fold-and-thrust belt during their evolution from hyperextension in Early Cretaceous times to shortening and inversion during the Cenozoic. This may be seen as a new line for cross-section construction and balancing, because previous cross-sections do not incorporate comparable volumes of exhumed mantle. Five structural cross-sections, constrained by the results of 3D gravity inversion, feed our discussion of the complexities of the doubly vergent Pyrenean orogen in view of the inversion of a precursor hyperextended rifted margin. In all sections, crustal rocks underthrust the lithospheric mantle in the hyperextended region, supporting that the near-surface exhumed mantle lithosphere acts as a more rigid buttress, allowing weaker continental material to be expelled outwards and upwards by thrusting during the Alpine collision; thus giving rise to two uplifted crustal triangular zones at the boundaries with the exhumed mantle. Contractional slip is localized in lithospheric-scale thrusts, which in turn reactivate parts of the extensional system. The NE–SW transfer zones that offset the rift therefore behave as compartmental faults during the orogenic phase. The amount of shortening increases from 34 km in the Cantabrian Cordillera, where the Basque–Cantabrian Basin partially preserves its original extensional geometry, to 135 km in the nappe stack of the central Pyrenees.
Assessing the Impact of the Distributed Software Development Course on the Careers of Young Software Engineers
Authors: Bosnić Ivana , Čavrak Igor , Žagar Mario 
Published: January 2019

Various software engineering (SE) curricula in higher education have started including courses on global software engineering (GSE), carried out as internationally distributed project-based courses. These courses, known for their closeness to “real-world” work experience, emphasize the importance of involving industry partners as customers and focus on soft skills essential for employment, an aspect often neglected in engineering education.
However, not many such courses are long-lived or consistent in form throughout the years, making their impact and relevance hard to assess. The Distributed Software Development course (DSD), currently run among three universities in Croatia, Italy, and Sweden, has now been carried out for 15 years consecutively, providing a rich source of in-course and post-graduation data. To evaluate the students’ experiences of the course after they graduate and start working, a study has been carried out among former DSD students from the University of Zagreb, Croatia. Its goal is to understand how useful this course was in students’ early careers, both in first and current employment, as well as related factors at the workplace (magnitude of distributed collaboration, company size).
The study results show the relevance of such distributed course experiences for future employment, as well as the importance of building upon soft skills as part of the software engineering curricula. Higher education institutions are invited to consider including such courses in the software engineering curriculum, for the benefit of their students and, indirectly, students’ future employers.