bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bio‐Inspired Multiple Cycle Healing and Damage Sensing in Elastomer–Magnet Nanocomposites
Authors: Panigrahi Ritwik , Zarek Matt , Sharma Vinay , Cohn Daniel , Ramanujan Raju V. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDamage‐sensing and healing are biological functions which are urgently required in structural health monitoring and remediation of engineering structures. The development of a bio‐inspired multiple cycle damage sensing and triggered healing magnet–polymer nanocomposite (Magpol) is reported. Magpol is comprised of an acrylonitrile butadiene co‐polymer (NBR) matrix and a magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) filler. Magpol nanocomposites in a range of MNP filler concentrations are studied. NBR is selected as the matrix due to its extensive use in industrial coatings, for example, in the automotive industry. Mn‐Zn ferrite MNP is chosen due to its appropriate Curie temperature and good specific absorption rate. Exposure of damaged Magpol to a remote external alternating magnetic field results in MNP heating. The MNP heats the surrounding NBR matrix, resulting in triggered healing. Fractured Magpol samples are successfully healed over several cycles. Incorporation of rhodamine b mechano‐chromophore in Magpol results in multicycle damage sensing by photo‐luminescent absorption. Thus, the developed Magpol is attractive for structural health monitoring and remediation application.
Improved Electret Properties of Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride)/Lithium Niobate Nanocomposites for Applications in Air Filters
Authors: Yuan Yali , Zhao Jun , Dong Chenglei , Shao Yiqin , Liu Yaoyi , Li Jinzhen , Zhong Chen , Ye Lin , Song Rui , Zhang Hui , Zhang Zhong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this work, the electret properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/lithium niobate (LiNbO3, LN) nanocomposites are systematically studied. The LN nanoparticles are fabricated by hydrothermal synthesis followed by melt‐reaction. Their morphology and crystalline structures are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The PVDF/LN nanocomposite films are prepared by solution casting with N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) as the solvent or melt molding. The crystalline phases of PVDF in both pure samples and nanocomposites are checked by XRD and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The measurements of the dielectric and electret properties show that the LN nanoparticles significantly increase the dielectric permittivity (ε) and the thermally stimulated discharge current (TSDC) of the samples. Such materials have potential applications including for air filters and power generators. A demonstration shows that after the same charging process, the PVDF/LN nanocomposites can absorb larger amount of polystyrene (PS) foam microparticles or micrometer size test dusts than the pure PVDF.
Deep recurrent neural network‐based residual control chart for autocorrelated processes
Authors: Chen Shumei , Yu Jianbo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWith the growth of automation in process industries, there is correlation in the process variables. Deep learning has achieved many great successes in image and visual analysis. This paper concentrates on developing a deep recurrent neural network (RNN) model to characterize process variables at vary time lags, and then a residual chart is developed to detect mean shifts in autocorrelated processes. The experiment results indicate that the RNN‐based residual chart outperforms other typical methods (eg, autoregressive [AR]‐based control chart, back propagation network [BPN]‐based residual chart). This paper provides guideline for deep learning technique employed as an effective tool in autocorrelated process control.
Comment on “The consequences of neglecting permutation symmetry in the description of many‐electrons systems”
Authors: Fernández Francisco M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this article, we analyze a recently proposed approach for the construction of antisymmetric functions for atomic and molecular systems. It is based on the assumption that the main problems with Hartree‐Fock wavefunctions stem from their lack of proper permutation symmetry. This alternative building approach is based on products of a space times a spin function with opposite permutation symmetry. The main argument for devising such factors is that the eigenfunctions of the nonrelativistic Hamiltonian are either symmetric or antisymmetric with respect to the transposition of the variables of a pair of electrons. However, since the eigenfunctions of the nonrelativistic Hamiltonian are basis for the irreducible representations of the symmetric group, they are not necessarily symmetric or antisymmetric, except in the trivial case of two electrons. We carry out a simple and straightforward general analysis of the symmetry of the eigenfunctions of the nonrelativistic Hamiltonian and illustrate our conclusions by means of two exactly solvable models of N = 2 and N = 3 identical interacting particles.RELATED ARTICLENascimento M. A. C. The consequences of neglecting permutation symmetry in the description of many‐electrons systems. Int J Quantum Chem. 2019;119:e25765. https://doi.org/10.1002/qua.25765
Synthesis, Characterization and DFT Study of Bioactive 2‐[(2‐Methylpropanoyl)amino]propanoic Acid and Its Polymeric Tributyltin(IV) Derivative
Authors: Raheel Ahmad , Imtiaz‐ud‐Din  , Taj Muhammad Babar , Ayub Rabia , Tahir Muhammad Nawaz , Raftery James , Al‐Shakban M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTributyltin(IV) derivative (1) was synthesized by reacting the ligand (A1) {2‐[(2‐methylpropanoyl)amino]propanoic acid} with tributyltin(IV)chloride in presence of potassium hydroxide. The compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR and multinuclear (1H, 13C and 119Sn) NMR spectroscopy. The 119Sn NMR data for (1) suggest that tin is five coordinated having trigonal bipyramidal molecular geometry. Molecular structures for (1) and (A1) were determined by single crystal X‐ray analysis. Some new and novel structural features of the compounds, are reported first time. Tributyltin(IV) complex has distorted trigonal bipyramidal molecular geometry around tin in the solid state exhibiting single chain tetramer which may be ascribed as tetra‐nuclear cage structure that is constructed from four tributyltin units and four ligand moieties. The tributyltin(IV) entities are bridged by one oxygen of the carboxylic group of one ligand and another oxygen of the amidic carbonyl of next ligand. The nature of Sn…O bond was analyzed with the help of natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. The compounds were also screened in vitro for their anti‐microbial and urease inhibition activities, and found some encouraging results.
Fabrication and Structural Properties of LaNb1‐xAsxO4 Ceramics
Authors: Wachowski Sebastian L. , Kamecki Bartosz , Winiarz Piotr , Dzierzgowski Kacper , Jurkowski Michał , Dzisevič Jaroslav , Mielewczyk‐Gryń Aleksandra , Gazda Maria 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLanthanum niobate substituted with arsenic was synthesized by three methods: solid state reaction from binary oxides and two different methods combining co‐precipitation and solid‐state reaction. In the first of the combined methods LaNb1‐xAsxO4 was synthesized from LaAsO4, obtained from co‐precipitation method, and lanthanum and niobium oxides. In the second LaNbO4 was first synthesized from binary oxides and then mixed with LaAsO4 and fired in the second step to obtain the final material. Single phase materials could not be synthesized via solid‐state synthesis, whilst it was possible with both of the combined methods. Structural parameters of the materials obtained with both methods were similar what shows that they do not relate to the synthesis method. Ceramics obtained with both combined methods were dense, however, the density of the ceramics formed from LaAsO4 and LaNbO4 was higher.
Rose Bengal Catalyzed Coupling of 1, 2 ‐ Dicarbonyls and Phenylene 1, 2 ‐Diamines: Visible‐Light Mediated Synthesis of Quinoxalines
Authors: Jaiswal Deepali , Tiwari Jyoti , Singh Shailesh , Sharma Amit Kumar , Singh Jaya , Singh Jagdamba 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA new approach for the formation of quinoxaline derivatives (indolo [2, 3‐b] quinoxaline or 2, 3‐Diphenyl‐quinoxaline derivatives) from several phenylene 1, 2‐diamines and 1, 2‐dicarbonyls has been developed by utilizing Rose Bengal as an organo‐ photoredox catalyst. The reported method focuses on the utilization of visible light photoredox catalysis for the formation of C−N bond in quinoxalines via radical chemistry. The developed strategy is simple, mild, exhibits excellent atom economy and is more viable toward the synthesis of biologically interesting quinoxaline frame work without the involvement of any transition metal or strong oxidant.
Stahlbau unter Nutzung von BIM in einem heterogenen Softwareumfeld
Authors: Bartenbach Jochen , Schindler Steffen , Schulze Frank , Kulzer Wolfgang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDer (homogene) Softwareeinsatz im Stahlbau hat gegenüber anderen Disziplinen des Bauwesens eine lange Tradition. Der „BIM‐Gedanke”, wenn auch nicht unter diesem Begriff, wurde bereits in den 1980er‐Jahren durch die Verknüpfung der CAD‐Dateien der Planung und der CNC‐Maschinen der Fertigung gelebt [1]. Die Prozesse resp. der Datenaustausch waren abgestimmt und frei von Schnittstellenproblemen. Heute findet sich der Stahlbau in einem heterogenen und „BIM‐geprägten” Softwareumfeld wieder und muss mit anderen Gewerken wie Architektur, Massivbau und der Technischen Gebäudeausrüstung interagieren. Die damit verbundenen Herausforderungen werden in diesem Beitrag diskutiert und an Praxisbeispielen illustriert. Dabei wird die gesamte Wertschöpfungskette des Stahlbaus von der Planung bis zur Montage sowohl in einem homogenen als auch heterogenen Softwareumfeld analysiert. Grundlage ist die BIM‐Methode, welche heute digitale Plattformen bereitstellt und mit BIM‐Managern sowie BIM‐Koordinatoren das neue Miteinander im Bauwesen ermöglicht. Ein Vortrag mit gleichlautender Thematik wurde bereits am 2. steelday am 31. Okt. 2018 in Bern, Schweiz präsentiert [2].
Wind turbine load validation using lidar‐based wind retrievals
Authors: Dimitrov Nikolay , Borraccino Antoine , Peña Alfredo , Natarajan Anand , Mann Jakob 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe define and demonstrate a procedure for carrying out wind turbine load validation based on measurements from nacelle‐mounted scanning lidars. Two coherent Doppler lidar systems, a pulsed lidar and a continuous‐wave lidar, are mounted on a 2.3‐MW wind turbine equipped with load measurement sensors. Wind measurements from a meteorological mast mounted at 2.5 rotor diameters distance are used as reference. The study shows how lidar measurements are processed and applied as inputs to aeroelastic load simulations, and the results are then compared with simulations where the wind inputs have been determined using the meteorological mast data in compliance with the IEC61400‐13 standard. For the majority of simulation cases considered, the use of nacelle‐mounted lidar measurements results in load estimation uncertainties lower or equal to those that are based on measurements from cup anemometers on the mast. These results demonstrate the usefulness of nacelle‐mounted lidars as tools for carrying out load validation without the need of meteorological masts.
Ecological and human health risk assessment
Authors: Choudri B. S. , Charabi Yassine , Ahmed Mushtaque 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe literature review presented in this paper covers the risk assessment process that is important to human health as well as the health of ecology in the form of receptors. One of the important objectives of present review is to provide summary of the scientific studies published in the year 2018. The review starts with literature published on the assessment of health risks, which are valuable to human and ecology. Most of the literature in the entire article focuses on techniques used for the analysis of scientific data and methods. In addition, review also highlights data interpretation, uncertainty, policy, and regulatory guidance associated with the management of human and ecological risks. Particularly, the review on the risk assessment related to human health and ecology is divided into two main sections. These sections provide broad state of knowledge on the risk assessment process used to health of human and ecological systems focused on investigation of polluted sites, techniques of remediation, and tools required for natural resource management.
The reuse of biosolids on agricultural land: Critical issues and perspective
Authors: Collivignarelli Maria Cristina , Abbà Alessandro , Benigna Ilaria 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe sludge management represents a considerable amount of operational costs for wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Issues concerning the treatment and the recovery/disposal of biosolids are gaining importance especially in Lombardy region, where the biosolid landspreading on agricultural soils is a very common practice. The aim of this work was to evaluate the results obtained from a survey carried out on the biosolids/sludge, derived from WWTPs, ingoing to and outgoing from the STPs (sludge treatment plants—authorized for the treatment on behalf of third parties) located in Pavia Province. Moreover, the characterization of agricultural soils that receive the biosolids is carried out. Furthermore, the whole biosolid management chain, from production to landspreading on agricultural soils, was studied, highlighting the critical issues based on the survey results. The results obtained suggested the following actions: (a) the reduction of sludge production in WWTPs; (b) a more “controlled” production in terms of biosolid qualitative characteristics; (c) better “selection” of the sludge ingoing to STPs; and (d) more effective actions to control the “response” of the agricultural soils. Furthermore, full compliance with the best spreading practices on the soils is required, as well as a better use of agronomic skills to obtain a higher resource valorization.Practitioner points

In this work, the characteristics of biosolid spread in agricultural soils in Pavia Province were analyzed.

The minimization of sludge production in WWTPs is encouraged in order to reduce critical issues related to biosolid management.

The stabilization process in WWTPs should improve in order to obtain a better quality sludge.

A better “selection” of the sludge ingoing to STPs and a more effective monitoring of the agricultural soils are encouraged.
Whitman Teaches the Movement: Bridging Campus and Community Through Dialogue
Authors: Leavitt Noah , Washington Cherokee , Higgins Michelle , Shuster Kate 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis chapter showcases a program that involves college student leaders to teach about the civil rights movement to K‐12 students in local public schools. Voices of a student leader and high school teacher speak to the program's impact on them personally and professionally, and provide broader lessons for cultivating student leadership through the lived practice of community action.
Geospatial Analysis of Trauma Burden and Surgical Care Capacity in Teso Sub‐region of Eastern Uganda
Authors: Lin Nicole , Nwanna‐Nzewunwa Obieze , Carvalho Melissa , Wange Aaron , Ajiko Mary M. , Juillard Catherine , Dicker Rochelle A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionOver 90% of injury‐related deaths occur in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Relating spatial distribution of injury burden and trauma care capacity is crucial for effective resource allocation. Our study assesses trauma burden and emergency and essential surgical care (EESC) quality in Teso Sub‐region Eastern Uganda through a spatial analysis of trauma burden in relation to surgical capacity at the district level.MethodsIn this study, we surveyed trauma patients presenting at Soroti Regional Referral Hospital (SRRH) and assessed EESC capacity of district hospitals. We used geospatial techniques to relate trauma burden and capacity and characterized delay using the three‐delay framework.ResultsWe surveyed 131 trauma patients presenting to SRRH for trauma‐related injuries from June 1 to July 15, 2017. Almost all trauma incidents (n = 129, 98.4%) occurred within a 2‐h ideal drive time to SRRH. From time of injury to receiving care, median time totaled to approximately 9.25 h. District hospital exhibited decreased EESC capacity (personnel, infrastructure, procedures, equipment, and supplies (PIPES) score range 2.2–5.5, mean 4.2) compared to SRRH (PIPES score 8.1).ConclusionTrauma patients face delays in each step of the care‐seeking process from deciding to seek care, arriving at care site, and receiving treatment. Synergistic effects of a poor prehospital care, EESC deficiencies on district and regional levels, cost of seeking care contribute to delays that likely result in increased morbidity and mortality. Improved resource allocation, training at the district level, and strengthening system‐level organization of emergency medical services could avert preventable death and disability.
Future private car stock in China: current growth pattern and effects of car sales restriction
Authors: Gan Yu , Lu Zifeng , Cai Hao , Wang Michael , He Xin , Przesmitzki Steven 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Car stock projection is essential to evaluating the energy and environmental impacts of private cars in China. Since the private car ownership rate in China has not reached its saturation level, limited and outdated data used in previous studies has resulted in high uncertainties regarding the functions of car ownership and significantly reduced the robustness of the projection of private car stocks. In this work, we estimate China’s current growth pattern of private car ownership by analyzing more than 6300 pairs of private car ownership and income data collected from various official statistics at the national, provincial, and city levels in the period of 1997–2017. The dataset covers a much wider per-capita disposable income range than national-level data alone and allows us to make satisfactory projections of private car stocks in China up to 2040. We project that the private car stock in China could reach 403 million in 2040, if the current growth pattern of car ownership continues. Significant discrepancies in private car ownership curves are observed for cities with and without car sales restrictions. Without car sales restrictions, we estimate that the private car stock would be even higher at 455 million by 2040, demonstrating the effectiveness of the current restriction policy in controlling car stocks in China. We further quantify the potential impacts of car sales restrictions on future car stock levels by implementing hypothetical national car sales caps. Results show that, although the private car stocks would still continue to grow before 2030, the stock levels would be stable at ~ 280 and ~ 350 million by 2040 for scenarios of 20 and 25 million sales caps, respectively. The impact of private car stock growth on energy consumption in China is also examined. Pump-to-wheels energy consumption of the private car fleet is projected to be 131, 147, 90, and 113 million tonnes of oil equivalent by 2040 for scenarios of the current growth pattern, no sales restriction, the 20 million sales cap, and the 25 million sales cap, respectively. Analysis reveals that private car sales restriction and vehicle population growth control could be an effective strategy for energy consumption reduction (thus greenhouse gas emission mitigation) in China, although the development of the automotive industry may be restrained.
Thermodynamic Stability of Nano-grained Alloys Against Grain Coarsening and Precipitation of Macroscopic Phases
Authors: Kaptay George 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Thermodynamic conditions are derived here for binary alloys to have their grain boundary (GB) energies negative, ensuring the stability of some nano-grained (NG) alloys. All binary alloys are found to belong to one of the following three types. Type 1 is the unstable NG alloy both against grain coarsening and precipitation of a macro-phase. Type 2 is the partly stable NG alloy, stable against coarsening but not against precipitation. Type 3 is the fully stable NG alloy, both against coarsening and precipitation. Alloys type 1 have negative, or low-positive interaction energies between the components. Alloys type 2 have medium-positive interaction energies, while alloys type 3 have high-positive interaction energies. Equations are derived for critical interaction energies separating alloys type 1 from type 2 and those from type 3, being functions of the molar excess GB energy of the solute, temperature (T) and composition of the alloy. The criterion to form a stable NG alloy is formulated through a new dimensionless number (Ng), defined as the ratio of the interaction energy to the excess molar GB energy of the solute, both taken at zero Kelvin. Systems with Ng number below 0.6 belong to alloy type 1, systems with Ng number between 0.6 and 1 belong to alloy type 2, while systems with Ng number above 1 belong to alloy type 3, at least at T = 0 K. The larger is the Ng number, the higher is the maximum T of stability of the NG alloy. By gradually increasing temperature alloys type 3 convert first into type 2 and further into type 1. The Ng number is used here to evaluate 16 binary tungsten-based (W-B) alloys. At T = 0 K type 3 NG alloys are formed with B = Cu, Ag, Mn, Ce, Y, Sc, Cr; type 2 is formed in the W-Ti system, while type 1 alloys are formed with B = Al, Ni, Co, Fe, Zr, Nb, Mo and Ta. For the W-Ag system the region of stability of the NG alloys is shown on a calculated phase diagram, indicating also the stable grain size.
Accuracy of Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST) in Disaster Settings: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Lee Christine , Balk Daniel , Schafer Jesse , Welwarth Jeremy , Hardin John , Yarza Shaked , Novack Victor , Hoffmann Beatrice 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTFocused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST) has been incorporated into the initial evaluation of trauma for decades. It is an important screening tool in the detection of intra-abdominal fluid. The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review of the use and accuracy of FAST as an imaging tool for blunt abdominal trauma in disaster/mass casualty settings. A systematic review of literature was conducted using key words and search terms. Two independent reviewers screened abstracts to determine inclusion using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS). For studies passing QUADAS, a meta-analysis was performed calculating sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). FAST results were compared with the gold standard, which was a combination of CT scan results, operative findings, and medical records of the clinical course. Initial database screening resulted in 133 articles, of which 21 were selected for QUADAS evaluation. Five studies passed QUADAS and were selected in the final meta-analysis, with a total of 4263 patients. The sensitivity of FAST was 92.1% (87.8–95.6), specificity 98.7% (96.0–99.9), PPV 90.7% (70.0–98.0), and NPV 98.8% (98.1–99.5) for the detection of intra-abdominal injury. In our meta-analysis, FAST was both sensitive and specific in the evaluation of trauma in the disaster setting.