bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single pulse femtosecond laser ablation of silicon – a comparison between experimental and simulated two-dimensional ablation profiles
Authors: Moser Regina , Domke Matthias , Winter Jan , Huber Heinz P. , Marowsky Gerd 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Ultrashort laser pulses are widely used for the precise structuring of semiconductors like silicon (Si). We present here, for the first time, a comparative study of experimentally obtained and numerically simulated two-dimensional ablation profiles based on parameters of commercially relevant and widely used near-infrared and diode pumped femtosecond lasers. Single pulse laser ablation was studied at a center wavelength of 1040 nm and pulse duration of 380 fs (FWHM) in an irradiating fluence regime from 1 J/cm2 to 10 J/cm2. Process thresholds for material transport and removal were determined. Three regimes, scaling with the fluence, could be identified: low and middle fluence regimes and a hydrodynamic motion regime. By comparing the simulated and experimental ablation profiles, two conclusions can be drawn: At 2 J/cm2, the isothermal profile of 3800 K is in excellent agreement with the observed two-dimensional ablation. Thus exceeding a temperature of 3800 K can be accepted as a simplified ablation condition at that fluence. Furthermore, we observed a distinct deviation of the experimental from the simulated ablation profiles for irradiated fluences above 4 J/cm2. This points to hydrodynamic motion as an important contributing mechanism for laser ablation at higher fluences.
Changes in Main Trace Components of Different Alcoholic Crude Chinese Spirits during Storage
Authors: Xu Jun , Chen Maobing , Liu Xiaoyu 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
In distillation of crude spirits, alcohol content gradually reduces. At varying alcohol contents, trace element types and contents differ in crude spirits. In this study, three samples with 72.7, 65.3 and 55.8 %vol were obtained according to distilled liquor order. Crude spirit samples were analysed every 3 months, with detection of contents lasting for 2.5 years. Primary aldehydes, alcohols and esters were analysed by gas chromatography. Results of this study indicate that higher alcohol content in crude spirits results in higher amounts of aldehydes, alcohol and ester and lower acid content. During storage period of 2.5 years, alcohol contents changed minimally, and varied changes were observed for aldehydes, trends of different acids and esters.
Depression among oncological patients
Authors: Humeniuk Ewa , Dąbska Olga , Pawlikowska-Łagód Katarzyna , Krupa Aleksandra 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Introduction. The issue of depression in the context of cancer is a very important and complex problem. Suffering from depression and cancer at the same time concerns from 20% to 80% of the patients.

Aim. Assessment of depression occurrence among oncological patients depending on the profile of the disease.

Material and methods. The research group consisted of 63 oncological patients. Diagnostic poll method, survey technique was used. Occurrence and intensity level of depression symptoms were measured according to the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) which was accompanied by the authorial questionnaire analyzing socio-demographic situation of the surveyed as well as the cancer profile i.e. type of cancer, ailments accompanying the disease and the frequency of their occurrence, undertaken therapies and their results.

Results. The analysis conducted with the help of BDI questionnaire presented the following results: more than half of the surveyed (54%, n=34) suffered from moderate depression and roughly 1/10 (n=7) of the surveyed suffered from severe depression. Only 1/3 (n=22) of the surveyed showed no signs of depression and complained only about low mood. Side effects of the treatment preventing patients from everyday functioning determined the occurrence of depression symptoms. Severity of cancer symptoms, duration of illness, time of diagnosis and number of attempts to fight the disease had no influence on the occurrence of depression symptoms.

Conclusions. Cancer influences every part of a patient’s life. Because of this, a holistic approach should be applied when treating such patients and that approach should be based on cooperation of doctors with clinical psychologists.
Physical activity among nursing students measured with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and their BMI
Authors: Waksmańska Wioletta , Bobiński Rafał , Wiczkowski Andrzej , Pielesz Anna 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIntroduction.Excessive body weight associated with modern lifestyle may result from overeating due to stress, sleep deprivation leading to increased appetite, insufficient physical activity and changes in dietary habits.Aim.The aim of the study was to assess the amount of physical activity among female working undergraduate and graduate nursing students and the influence of this activity on their BMI values.Material and methods.Undergraduate extramural students consisted 58 students (group I) and graduate full-time and extramural students – 45 (group II). The research involved calculating each student’s BMI value which was categorized in accordance with the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations. The measurement of physical activity was conducted on the basis of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ).Results.Group I students more frequently presented abnormal body weight, with 47% being overweight. In group II, 24.5% of the respondents were overweight and 4.5% were underweight. We revealed a significant correlation between the time spent on intensive physical activity, both at work and during recreation at home, and the BMI value decreases as the time devoted to intensive physical activity increases.Conclusions.The education system is recommended to be redesigned in such a way as to enable students to spend more time on physical activity.
Towards a reconstruction of Tin-trade routes in mediterranean protohistory
Authors: Woudhuizen Fred C. 
Published: May 2018

Zusammenfassung:
In dieser Arbeit wird ein für die Bronzezeit des Mittelmeerraums grundlegendes Thema angesprochen: Woher stammt das Zinn zur Herstellung von Bronzeobjekten? Tatsächlich lassen sich nur zwei Möglichkeiten erkennen: der Mittlere Osten (Afghanistan und die Region Oxus an seiner nordöstlichen Grenze) oder der Westen (Erzgebirge, Bretagne, Cornwall oder Gallizien).
Influence of a Vented Mouthguard on Physiological Responses in Handball
Authors: Schulze Antina , Laessing Johannes , Kwast Stefan , Busse Martin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSchulze, A, Laessing, J, Kwast, S, and Busse, M. Influence of a vented mouthguard on physiological responses in handball.J Strength Cond Res34(7): 2055–2061, 2020—Mouthguards (MGs) improve sports safety. However, airway obstruction and a resulting decrease in performance are theoretical disadvantages regarding their use. The study aim was to assess possible limitations of a “vented” MG on aerobic performance in handball. The physiological effects were investigated in 14 male professional players in a newly developed handball-specific course. The measured values were oxygen uptake, ventilation, heart rate, and lactate. Similar oxygen uptake (V̇o2) values were observed with and without MG use (51.9 ± 6.4 L·min−1·kg−1vs. 52.1 ± 10.9 L·min−1·kg−1). During maximum load, ventilation was markedly lower with the vented MG (153.1 ± 25 L·min−1vs. 166.3 ± 20.8 L·min−1). The endexpiratory concentrations of O2(17.2 ± 0.5% vs. 17.6 ± 0.8%) and CO2(4.0 ± 0.5% vs. 3.7 ± 0.6%) were significantly lower and higher, respectively, when using the MG. The inspiration and expiration times with and without the MG were 0.6 ± 0.1 seconds vs. 0.6 ± 0.1 seconds and 0.7 ± 0.2 seconds vs. 0.6 ± 0.2 seconds (all not significant), respectively, indicating that there was no relevant airflow restriction. The maximum load was not significantly affected by the MG. The lower ventilation for given V̇o2values associated with MG use may be an effect of improved biomechanics and lower respiratory drive of the peripheral musculature.
Body Composition Assessment in Female National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Softball Athletes as a Function of Playing Position Across a Multiyear Time Frame
Authors: Peart Ashley , Wadsworth Danielle , Washington Jessica , Oliver Gretchen 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Peart, A, Wadsworth, D, Washington, J, and Oliver, G. Body composition assessment in female National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I softball athletes as a function of playing position across a multiyear time frame. J Strength Cond Res 33(11): 3049–3055, 2019—The purpose of this study was to record changes in total body mass, lean body mass (LBM), fat mass (FM), and body fat percentage (BF%) in female National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I level softball athletes over a multiyear time frame using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (iDXA). Forty-two (20.36 ± 1.59 years) NCAA Division I collegiate softball athletes volunteered over 2 years. Subjects tested 3 times throughout the season (pre-season, mid-season, and post-season) in 2015–2017. Total and regional LBM, FM, and BF% were measured by the iDXA. A mixed-design analysis of variance was performed to examine LBM, FM, BF%, and player position interaction over time. Where appropriate, post hoc tests were used to determine statistically different variables (p ≤ 0.05). Lean body mass decreased significantly (p = 0.048) from mid-season (50.02 ± 0.28) to post season (49.67 ± 0.37). Fat mass and BF% decreased significantly for all playing positions over the season except for pitchers, who showed significantly (p < 0.000) higher levels of FM (26.56 ± 1.74) and BF% (31.77 ± 1.14) than all other positions. The current study revealed that all athletes decreased in LBM during the competitive season. Pitchers from this study consistently maintain a higher FM and BF% than the catchers, infielders, and outfielders. These data reveal that more emphasis of training and conditioning for optimal performance should be focused on the pitching position to maintain a healthy body composition.
Autogenous Shrinkage of Cement Paste Interpreted by Electrical Resistivity and Capillary Stress at Early Age
Authors: Tao Jiayin , Wei Xiaosheng , Fu Lei 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Autogenous shrinkage caused by the self-desiccation of cement-based materials at early age requires more attention from researchers because it can increase the risk of cracking in concrete. This article presents the relationships among autogenous shrinkage after final setting, the estimated effective capillary stress, and electrical resistivity of cement pastes. Autogenous shrinkage, internal relative humidity, chemical shrinkage, and electrical resistivity were measured for the plain cement paste that had water to cement ratios (W/C) of 0.3, 0.35, and 0.4 at early age. Electrical resistivity and its rate curve were presented to analyze the influence of W/C on the hydration process. A fitting function containing W/C, electrical resistivity, and three constant parameters was put forward to quantify the relationship between autogenous shrinkage and electrical resistivity. The autogenous shrinkage of cement paste at different ages can be predicted by the resistivity at 24 h; the relationship between electrical resistivity at 24 h and the effective capillary stress S·σcap at 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 96 h was also established to support the effectiveness of relating the self-desiccation development trend and electrical property of cement paste. This study introduces innovative and quick methods to estimate the autogenous shrinkage of cement paste by electrical resistivity.
Genomic Selection for Late Blight and Common Scab Resistance in Tetraploid Potato (Solanum tuberosum)
Authors: Enciso-Rodriguez Felix , Douches David , Lopez-Cruz Marco , Coombs Joseph , de los Campos Gustavo 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is a staple food crop and is considered one of the main sources of carbohydrates worldwide. Late blight (Phytophthora infestans) and common scab (Streptomyces scabies) are two of the primary production constraints faced by potato farming. Previous studies have identified a few resistance genes for both late blight and common scab; however, these genes explain only a limited fraction of the heritability of these diseases. Genomic selection has been demonstrated to be an effective methodology for breeding value prediction in many major crops (e.g., maize and wheat). However, the technology has received little attention in potato breeding. We present the first genomic selection study involving late blight and common scab in tetraploid potato. Our data involves 4,110 (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms, SNPs) and phenotypic field evaluations for late blight (n=1,763) and common scab (n=3,885) collected in seven and nine years, respectively. We report moderately high genomic heritability estimates (0.46 ± 0.04 and 0.45 ± 0.017, for late blight and common scab, respectively). The extent of genotype-by-year interaction was high for late blight and low for common scab. Our assessment of prediction accuracy demonstrates the applicability of genomic prediction for tetraploid potato breeding. For both traits, we found that more than 90% of the genetic variance could be captured with an additive model. For common scab, the highest prediction accuracy was achieved using an additive model. For late blight, small but statistically significant gains in prediction accuracy were achieved using a model that accounted for both additive and dominance effects. Using whole-genome regression models we identified SNPs located in previously reported hotspots regions for late blight, on genes associated with systemic disease resistance responses, and a new locus located in a WRKY transcription factor for common scab.
A terceirização dos cuidados infantis: um fenômeno histórico
Authors: Wagner Luciane Carniel , Vieira Grazielli Padilha , Maciel Vera Elaine Marques 
Published: May 2018

O presente trabalho objetiva analisar o fenômeno da terceirização dos cuidados infantis. Através de pesquisa bibliográfica sobre o tema, foram encontrados textos que apontam que os cuidados com a criança têm sido compartilhados ao longo de toda a história da civilização ocidental. Entre as justificativas para a necessidade de terceirizar, está a dificuldade de mães e pais em assumir todos os cuidados necessários para o desenvolvimento saudável da criança. As autoras apontam para o grande esforço necessário à tarefa de educar, que na atualidade tem sido dificultado pelas novas organizações da família. A escola tem sido chamada a participar de modo intenso desse processo, através da construção de alternativas que aumentam sua responsabilidade, como é o caso da escola em tempo integral. Conflitos têm surgido entre a família e a escola, que precisam de apoio para identificar e desempenhar seus papéis em harmonia.
Umiar, praca i jej owoc w społeczeństwach konsumpcyjnych
Authors: Hołda Małgorzata 
Published: May 2018

Umiar – traktowany tradycyjnie jako wartość – w społeczeństwach konsumpcyjnych wydaje się być inaczej rozumiany lub też zanikać, przestaje być czymś pożądanym i wynagradzającym trud związany z pracą. Według Jeana Baudrillarda, współczesnego filozofa francuskiego, logiczne podejście do zdobywania dóbr i przedmiotów, w którym praca poprzedza jej owoce, ulega we współczesnych społeczeństwach dekonstrukcji. Obowiązującą normą staje się powszechne kredytowanie, posiadanie wszystkiego natychmiast i bez wysiłku, zaznacza się brak umiaru i wzrost postaw hedonistycznych. Celem artykułu jest analiza zjawisk, które prowadzą do odwrócenia porządku (praca poprzedza jej owoce, tak jak przyczyna skutek) oraz tworzenia się nowej etyki, w której praca, oszczędność, gospodarność, umiar nie są postrzegane jako wartości dające możliwość zdobywania i powiększania statusu materialnego.
Common Sense in Science
Authors: Przybył Piotr 
Published: May 2018

Common sense is an ability common to all people and it is related to right judges based on correct perception. These elements are very important in science too, so common sense could be a universal method of dialog among different disciplines. Critical rationalism of Karl Popper, as a method of verification theories, is a reflection about human perception, it is the way to know the truth and it is objective judging. Polish philosopher Michał Heller points out a characteristics which are necessary to be a good scientist and philosopher: self­‑criticism, objectivism, and discipline in thinking etc., which are common with Popper’s idea. The aim of this article is to show that Heller’s critical rationalism is commonsensical way of practicing science and philosophy.
Umiarkowanie i jego modele
Authors: Trzcieniecka-Schneider Irena 
Published: May 2018

Umiarkowanie jest jedną z czterech cnót kardynalnych, pierwotnie podanych przez Platona. Obecnie pojęcie umiarkowania zajmuje kluczową pozycję w wielu systemach etycznych, w tym w ekofilozofii. Umiarkowanie zakłada zachowanie właściwej równowagi, potrzebnej przy dokonywaniu wyborów życiowych. Próba analizy tego pojęcia przy pomocy prostych środków formalnych pozwala ujawnić ukryte założenia, a także jego strukturę. W pojęciu umiarkowania mieści się zarówno decyzja (wybór), jak i działanie bądź zachowanie jako efekt podjętej decyzji. Pierwszy model oparty jest na koncepcji Arystotelesa i jego „złotego środka” zawartej w Etyce nikomachejskiej. Próba rekonstrukcji koncepcji Arystotelesa pokazuje, że pojęcie umiarkowania w tym ujęciu jest silnie zrelatywizowane do kręgu kulturowego i, co wydaje się zaskakujące, w skrajnych przypadkach jego określenie może okazać się niemożliwe.Drugi model, podany przez Epikura, jest oparty na pojęciu konsekwencji logicznej. Wprawdzie dotyczy jedynie przyjemności i przykrości, ale umiarkowanie najczęściej zalecane jest właśnie w odniesieniu do rzeczy przyjemnych. Zbiór decyzji umiarkowanych jest budowany rekurencyjnie. A – zbiór przyjemności – jest modyfikowany krok po kroku poprzez konsekwencje CR(A), gdzie R jest zbiorem reguł zawierającym prócz reguły modus ponens oraz reguły tożsamości proste, najczęściej nieformalne, reguły działania/wyboru pochodzące z codziennego doświadczenia. Zbiór U jest zbiorem wyborów umiarkowanych w sensie Epikura wtedy i tylko wtedy, gdy dla dowolnego p należącego do zbioru przykrości, p nie należy do zbioru konsekwencji ∀p ∈ P, ~(p ∈ CR(U)).
Sistemas de información al servicio del sistema médico-legal en Colombia
Authors: Ferreira-Pérez Sandra Patricia , Palacio-Castillo Ricardo 
Published: May 2018

Propósito: el artículo presenta una reflexión sobre la evolución e importancia de los sistemas de información con los que cuenta el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses y que soportan el sistema médico-legal en Colombia. Descripción: se describe su evolución desde el registro de información manual en libros, hasta la aparición del computador y los primeros usos de herramientas de software como apoyo al servicio pericial; y cómo los sistemas de información se han ido convirtiendo en una respuesta estratégica no solo para la adecuada gestión de la información generada de los diferentes procesos misionales, sino también como insumo esencial para la administración de justicia y para la toma de decisiones del Estado. Enfoque: lo anterior se plantea a partir de la experiencia profesional en ingeniería y gobierno de tecnologías de la información de los autores en el Instituto, con base en la información y retroalimentación recibida de usuarios de los sistemas y colegas desarrolladores, y de la interacción con autoridades y consumidores de la información institucional. Conclusiones: se plantea una visión proyectiva para que a corto y a mediano plazo los sistemas de información que soportan el sistema médico-legal se conviertan en fuente para la implementación y aplicación de estrategias y metodologías como la inteligencia de negocios, el big data y la minería de datos, entre otras.
STUDI PENGOTOR PADA PENDINGIN PRIMER REAKTOR RSG GAS SETELAH 30 TAHUN BEROPERASI
Authors: Ratnawati Elisabeth , Lestari Diyah Erlina , Mulyaningsih Th. Rina 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRAKSTUDI PENGOTOR PADA PENDINGIN PRIMER REAKTOR RSG GAS SETELAH 30 TAHUN BEROPERASI. Sistem pendingin primer reaktor dengan air sebagai media berfungsi sebagai pendingin, moderator dan perisai radiasi. Setelah beroperasi selama 30 tahun diduga terdapat pengotor yang mengendappada dasar kolam, yang berasal dari produk korosi teraktivasi maupun akibat kegiatan pemanfaatan reaktor. Untuk mengurangi jumlah endapan pengotor dan mengetahui jenis nuklida yang terkandung didalamnya maka dilakukan penyedotan air dasar kolam reaktor dengan pompa benam pada saat reaktor shut down di akhir teras 91. Air hasil penyedotan dicacah menggunakan Multi channel analyzer (MCA) Ortec A65-B32 Maestro-32 dengan detektor HPGe. Hasil pencacahan menunjukkan adanya nuklida Cr-51, Sb-124, Sb-125, Sc-46, Fe-59, Zn-65 dan Co-60. Endapan yang terbentuk dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode AAN. Hasil analisis endapan menunjukkan adanya kesamaan dengan nuklida yang teridentifikasi dalam sampel air hasil penyedotan. Beberapa jenis unsur yang sama juga teridentifikasi dalam air bekas pencucian batu topaz pra iradiasi. Hasil pemantauan rutin terhadap kualitas air pendingin menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas nuklida yang teridentifikasi masih berada dibawah nilai yang tercantum dalam dokumen Laporan Analisis Keselamatan. Ini disebabkan karena sistem purifikasi yang berfungsi dengan baik. Namun demikian penyedotan secara berkala perlu dilakukan untuk mengurangi pengotor yang mengendap didasar tangki kolam reaktor, disamping itu perlu diperhatikan pula proses pencucian batu topaz pra iradiasi sesuai dengan prosedur yang ditetapkan untuk memperkecil kemungkinan terbentuknya pengotor dalam sistem pendingin primer. Kata Kunci : Pendingin primer, reaktor, pengotor, produk korosi.
REKAM JEJAK KIMIA PERMUKAN SIO2 PRODUKSI FASILITAS TEKNOLOGI PEMURNIAN ZIRKONIUM PSTA
Authors: Akhmad Muzakky 
Published: May 2018

AbstrakRekam jejak kimia permukan SiO2 produksi fasilitas teknologi pemurnian zirkonium PSTA. Telah dilakukan rekam jejak kimia permukan SiO2 produksi fasilitas teknologi pemurnian zirkonium PSTA. Tujuan dari pelenilian ini adalah untuk melakukan merekaman jejak gugus silanol (≡Si-OH), siloksan (≡Si-O-Si≡) serta group air (OH) di permukaan produk hasil pemurnian SiO2gel. Sebagai parameter proses pemurnian dilakukan variable fungsi suhu, waktu dan konsentrasi asam HF. Rekam jejak SiO2(gel) dilakukan dengan Fourier- transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy dan deteksi desorpsi pengotor Fe3+ memakai absorpsi serapan atom (AAS). Hasil Pemurnian SiO2(gel) dengan pelarut campuran HF dan HCl, sebaiknya dilakukan pada komposisi 1% HF dan 1N HCl pada suhu 80 oC selama 8 jam. Pada keadaan proses pemurnian 5%HF, suhu 100 oC dan waktu konatak 10 jam akan merusan gugus silanol, siloksan dan group air. Rekam jejak FTIR pada hasil terdeteksi puncak di panjang gelombang 3448 cm-1, 1635 cm-1, 1103 cm-1 dan 462 cm-1 yang merupakan karakteristik dari SiO2. Dengan munculnya puncak disekitar panjang gelombang 1103 cm-1 dapat diprediksi cuplikan terdapat mineral jenis α quart. Proses pemurnian SiO2(gel) yang dilakukan kondisi optimal, ternyata dapat menghilangkan pengotor dalam filtrat sebesar 60,4 ppm Fe3+