bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whole‐brain atrophy assessed by proportional‐ versus registration‐based pipelines from 3TMRIin multiple sclerosis
Authors: Hemond Christopher C. , Chu Renxin , Tummala Subhash , Tauhid Shahamat , Healy Brian C. , Bakshi Rohit 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackground and PurposeWhole‐brain atrophy is a standard outcome measure in multiple sclerosis (MS) clinical trials as assessed by various software tools. The effect of processing method on the validity of such data obtained from high‐resolution 3TMRIis not known. We compared two commonly used methods of quantifying whole‐brain atrophy.MethodsThree‐dimensional T1‐weighted andFLAIRimages were obtained at 3T inMS(n = 61) and normal control (NC,n = 30) groups. Whole‐brain atrophy was assessed by two automated pipelines: (a)SPM8 to derive brain parenchymal fraction (BPF, proportional‐based method); (b)SIENAXto derive normalized brain parenchymal volume (BPV, registration method). We assessed agreement betweenBPFandBPV, as well their relationship to Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score, timed 25‐foot walk (T25FW), cognition, and cerebral T2 (FLAIR) lesion volume (T2LV).ResultsBrain parenchymal fraction andBPVshowed only partial agreement (r = 0.73) in theMSgroup, andr = 0.28 inNC. Both methods showed atrophy inMSversusNC(BPFp < 0.01,BPVp < 0.05). WithinMSgroup comparisons,BPF(p < 0.05) but notBPV(p > 0.05) correlated withEDSSscore.BPV(p = 0.03) but notBPF(p = 0.08) correlated with T25FW. Both metrics correlated with T2LV(p < 0.05) and cognitive subscales.BPF(p < 0.05) but notBPV(p > 0.05) showed lower brain volume in cognitively impaired (n = 23) versus cognitively preserved (n = 38) patients. However, direct comparisons ofBPFandBPVsensitivities to atrophy and clinical correlations were not statistically significant.ConclusionWhole‐brain atrophy metrics may not be interchangeable between proportional‐ and registration‐based automated pipelines from 3TMRIin patients withMS.
Actualizing Sustainable Development Goal‐11 in rural Nigeria: The role of Adult Literacy Education and Tourism Development
Authors: Agboeze Matthias U. , Nwankwo Elochukwu A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSustainable Development Goals (SDGs) with 17 goal agenda are aimed at improving on the strengths of the Millennium Development Goals. Actualization of SDGs by 2030 has dominated debates among policy makers and developers. This study investigated the position of Adult Literacy Education and Tourism Development to the actualization of SDG‐11 in rural Nigeria by 2030. SDG‐11 focuses on ensuring sustainable cities and communities by 2030. Methodically, Yaro Yamane formula was used in downsizing the huge study population, to 399 rural adults. There was also a key informant interviews on 21 Adult Literacy Education facilitators and 18 Tourism Development experts who were conveniently and purposively sampled. Result of the study revealed that Adult Literacy Education and Tourism Development instruments among others will to a greater extent contribute to the actualization of SDG‐11 in rural Nigeria by 2030. The study has opened up another direction in sustainability studies by way of investigating various development instruments and their contributions towards actualizing the expected goals of SDGs by 2030 in many nations.
CD164 promotes tumor progression and predicts the poor prognosis of bladder cancer
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐Guang , Zhang Tong , Li Chang‐Ying , Zhang Ming‐Hao , Chen Fang‐Min 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCD164 was found to play a role in many malignant diseases. But the roles of CD164 in human bladder cancer have not yet been studied. The object of our study was to investigate the functions of CD164 in urothelial bladder carcinoma. The immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to evaluate the associations between the expression level of CD164 and clinical‐pathological features of patients, and IHC was used to analyze the relationship between CD164 and CXCR4 in tumor tissues. Real‐time qPCR and Western blot were used to measure the expression of relevant genes. The roles of CD164 in tumor cells and tissues were investigated by in vitro and in vivo experiments. The results of immunohistochemistry found that CD164 was associated with clinical and pathological features of patients. High level of CD164 was related to the distant metastasis and vascular invasion of bladder cancer patients. In vitro, by silencing of CD164, the proliferation, migration, and invasion of tumor cells were inhibited significantly by regulating related proteins such as Ki67, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, matrix metalloproteinases‐2, and matrix metalloproteinases‐9. In vivo, knocking‐down of CD164 could reduce the growth and metastasis of tumors in mice. In addition, a co‐expression was found between CD164 and CXCR4 in tumor tissues. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that CD164 was associated with the poor clinical outcomes of BC patients. Silencing of CD164 could inhibit the progression of tumors in vivo and in vitro, which may become an effective target in the treatment of bladder cancer.
Blood Group O→A Transformation by Chemical Ligation of Erythrocytes
Authors: Ryzhov Ivan M. , Tuzikov Alexander B. , Perry Holly , Korchagina Elena Yu. , Bovin Nicolai V. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAgglutination of red blood cells (RBCs) remains the only practical method for routine use for ABH typing in clinical practice. However, exact mechanistic details of agglutination are not yet thoroughly studied. In this research, RBCs of blood group O were converted to blood group A through two approaches: by chemical ligation of the cells’ glycocalyx with synthetic blood group A tetrasaccharide, and by insertion of synthetic glycolipid carrying the same A antigen into the cells’ membranes. The O→A ligated RBCs and natural A RBCs showed comparable agglutination characteristics with antibodies. As expected, RBCs with inserted glycolipid showed lower agglutination scores. This approach could help cell biologists in site‐specific and cell‐friendly modification of glycocalyx by other ligands.
Direct Access to Medium‐Chain α,ω‐Dicarboxylic Acids by Using a Baeyer–Villiger Monooxygenase of Abnormal Regioselectivity
Authors: Yu Jia‐Mei , Liu Yuan‐Yang , Zheng Yu‐Cong , Li Hao , Zhang Xiao‐Yan , Zheng Gao‐Wei , Li Chun‐Xiu , Bai Yun‐Peng , Xu Jian‐He 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBaeyer–Villiger monooxygenases (BVMOs) are versatile biocatalysts in organic synthesis that can generate esters or lactones by inserting a single oxygen atom adjacent to a carbonyl moiety. The regioselectivity of BVMOs is essential in determining the ratio of two regioisomers for converting asymmetric ketones. Herein, we report a novel BVMO from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PaBVMO); this has been exploited for the direct synthesis of medium‐chain α,ω‐dicarboxylic acids through a Baeyer–Villiger oxidation–hydrolysis cascade. PaBVMO displayed the highest abnormal regioselectivity toward a variety of long‐chain aliphatic keto acids (C16–C20) to date, affording dicarboxylic monoesters with a ratio of up to 95 %. Upon chemical hydrolysis, α,ω‐dicarboxylic acids and fatty alcohols are readily obtained without further treatment; this significantly reduces the synthetic steps of α,ω‐dicarboxylic acids from renewable oils and fats.
Fluid shear stress improves morphology, cytoskeleton architecture, viability, and regulates cytokine expression in a time‐dependent manner in MLO‐Y4 cells
Authors: Yan Zedong , Wang Pan , Wu Junjie , Feng Xue , Cai Jing , Zhai Mingming , Li Juan , Liu Xiyu , Jiang Maogang , Luo Erping , Jing Da 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe effects of load‐induced interstitial fluid shear stress (FSS) on instantaneous signaling response of osteocytes (e.g., calcium signaling) have been well documented. FSS can also initiate the release of many important messenger molecules of osteocytes (e.g., ATP and PGE2). However, the effects of FSS on cellular function and bone metabolism‐modulating cytokine expression of osteocytes have not been fully identified (some inconsistent/conflicting results have been documented). Herein, osteocyte‐like MLO‐Y4 cells were stimulated with 1 Pa, 2‐h FSS, and the effects of FSS on cellular morphology, cytoskeletal microstructure, biological activity, and gene and protein expression of important cytokines were investigated. SEM and cytoskeleton staining revealed that FSS induced well‐organized cytoskeleton and increased filopodia processes. The osteocytic viability was sustained and apoptosis was inhibited via flow cytometry. FSS promoted Wnt3a and β‐catenin gene and protein expression in 0‐, 3‐, and 6‐h (sample collection time post FSS) groups. The FSS‐stimulated cells in the 3‐h group exhibited more significant effects on the promotion of OCN and Cx43 and inhibition of DKK1 and SOST expression than the 0‐ and 6‐h groups. The 3‐h group with FSS stimulation also showed the most prominent effects on suppressing RANKL and RANKL/OPG gene and protein expression. This study revealed a direct regulatory effect of FSS on osteocytic morphology and apoptotic characteristics, and showed that osteocyte‐secreted bone metabolism‐modulating molecule expression was regulated by FSS in a time‐dependent manner. This study not only enriches our basic knowledge for understanding osteocytic mechanotransduction, but also provides important evidence for more scientific experimental design.
Comparison of devices used in carotid artery stenting: A vascular quality initiative analysis of commonly used carotid stents and embolic protection devices
Authors: Dhillon Ashwat S. , Li Sisi , Lewinger Juan Pablo , Shavelle David M. , Matthews Ray V. , Clavijo Leonardo C. , Weaver Fred A. , Garg Parveen 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundData regarding efficacy of various stent and embolic protection device (EPD) combinations to prevent stroke during carotid artery stenting (CAS) is limited. We compared post‐procedure inpatient neurologic outcomes across various carotid stent‐EPD platforms recorded in the Vascular Quality Initiative (VQI) registry.MethodsWe analyzed 13,786 consecutive CAS procedures in the VQI registry performed between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2015. The most commonly used stent‐EPD combinations (n = 5407) were included in the analysis. Post‐procedure inpatient neurologic outcomes included (1) ipsilateral stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA) and (2) any stroke/TIA. Multivariate generalized estimating equation regression analysis was performed, adjusting for age, sex, tobacco use, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, prior stroke/TIA, hypertension, history of carotid revascularization, and presence of a second ipsilateral stenosis >70%, to determine whether risk of outcomes differed according to device.ResultsOf 13,786 CAS procedures, Xact‐Emboshield (n = 2,438, 17.6%), Precise‐Angioguard (n = 1,480, 10.7%), Acculink‐Accunet (n = 829, 6.01%), and Acculink‐Emboshield (n = 660, 4.8%) were the most commonly used combinations, accounting for a total of 5,407 procedures. Inpatient event rates for ipsilateral stroke/TIA and any stroke/TIA were 1.9 and 2.7% in the Accunet‐Acculink, 3.0 and 3.2% in Acculink‐Emboshield, 3.2 and 4.1% in Precise‐Angioguard and 2.2 and 3.0% in Xact‐Emboshield. There was no evidence of difference in risk of ipsilateral stroke/TIA or any stroke/TIA across device combinations (P = 0.15 and P = 0.16, respectively).ConclusionCAS with current carotid stent‐EPD combinations is associated with low rates of inpatient stroke/TIA. There is no statistically significant difference in rates of inpatient stroke/TIA across device combinations.
Broken arrow: Successful retrieval of a dislodged coronary orbital atherectomy microtip
Authors: Hirai Taishi , Rosenberg Jonathan , Nathan Sandeep , Blair John E. A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA 68‐year‐old female with a history of coronary artery disease and prior bypass surgery presented for staged percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to a calcified and angulated ostial left circumflex (LCX) artery lesion after PCI of the anastomosis of the left internal mammary artery ‐ to left anterior descending artery. Orbital atherectomy of the LCX was performed at a speed of 80,000 RPM with multiple passes, and was complicated by device microtip dislodgement and entrapment within the vessel. After advancing a “buddy” wire beyond the microtip, a tapered microcatheter was advanced over the ViperWire and into the edge of the broken microtip and torqued into the microtip with forward pressure using the 0.014 in ViperWire tip as a “backstop.” The guidewire, microcatheter, and microtip were then successfully removed as a unit and the intervention with stent placement was completed over the “buddy” wire. Scanning electron microscopy of the shaft revealed evidence of cyclic fatigue, indicating that the fracture occurred while spinning. The fracture when performing atherectomy in a model coronary artery with a radius of approximately 6 mm. This represents a first case of microtip dislodgement and entrapment during the use of a coronary orbital atherctomy device.short
Embolization of a complex coronary to pulmonary artery fistula using balloon assisted liquid embolic injection: A novel technique
Authors: Jagadeesan Bharathi D. , Liao Kenneth K. , Raveendran Ganesh 
Published: July 2018

AbstractComplex Coronary artery to Pulmonary artery fistulas (CPFs) can be difficult to manage with embolization or ligation. An 88‐year‐old woman with exertional angina was found to have a complex precordial CPF, severe Mitral regurgitation, and Pulmonary Hypertension. CPF treatment was recommended prior to minimally invasive mitral valve replacement (to avoid postoperative myocardial ischemia from worsened steal). The CPF was supplied by multiple branches from the LAD and RCA, and formed a complex common varicosity with multiple drainage channels to the pulmonary artery. The CPF was treated by injecting a liquid embolic agent, Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer (Onyx, Medtronic, MN), into two of the feeding arteries arising from the RCA through a Scepter C Dual lumen balloon micro catheter (Microvention, Aliso Viejo, CA. This resulted in complete obliteration of the fistula, and the patient subsequently underwent successful mitral valve replacement surgery.
The interplay between permanent pacemaker implantation and mortality in patients treated by transcatheter aortic valve implantation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ueshima Daisuke , Nai Fovino Luca , Mojoli Marco , Napodano Massimo , Fraccaro Chiara , Tarantini Giuseppe 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundPrevious implantation of a permanent pacemaker (PPM) is common among patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Moreover, onset of conduction disturbances needing new PPM implantation after TAVI is frequent. The interplay of pre‐existing and new‐PPM on mortality after TAVI remains controversial.MethodsWe performed a systematic review and study‐level meta‐analysis on the influence of PPM on mortality after TAVI. Patients were divided into 3 groups: pre‐existing PPM, new‐PPM (implantation within 30 days after TAVI) and no‐PPM (without PPM up to 30 days after TAVI). Outcomes were compared using pairwise and network meta‐analysis.ResultsA total of 28 studies including 40,016 subjects were eligible. Patients of the no‐PPM group had a lower mortality outcome compared to the rest of the study population (relative risk [RR] 0.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.68‐0.85, P < 0.0001) at median follow up of 16.3 months. In particular, patients with a pre‐existing PPM (RR 1.43, 95% CI 1.26‐1.62, P < 0.0001), but not those with a newly implanted PPM (RR 1.08, 95% CI 0.99‐1.18, P = 0.10), had a significantly higher mortality compared to patients of the no‐PPM group. Moreover, meta‐regression analysis showed that the transapical approach rate had a detrimental interaction with pre‐existing PPM on mortality (P = 0.03).ConclusionCompared to patients without PPM, those with a pre‐existing PPM before TAVI had higher mortality, in particular if treated by the transapical approach. New‐PPM implantation did not have a negative relation on mid‐term outcome.
A rare complication of pacemaker implantation
Authors: Bazoukis George , Panagiotakopoulos Victor , Tsamatsoulis Michalis , Saplaouras Athanasios , Konstantinidou Eleni , Tyrovolas Konstantinos , Kolokathis Angelos‐Michail , Sakellaropoulou Antigoni , Kitsoulis Panagiotis , Lakoumentas Ioannis , Charitos Christos , Sideris Antonios 
Published: July 2018

Key Clinical MessageLead perforation is a life‐threatening rare complication of pacemaker or defibrillator lead implantation. Clinical examination, electrocardiogram, device interrogation, echocardiography, chest x‐ray, and chest computed tomography scan can help in the diagnosis. Clinicians should be aware because early diagnosis and treatment are the cornerstones for achieving a better outcome.
Exaggerated arthropod assault: Eosinophilic dermatosis in a patient with small lymphocytic lymphoma
Authors: Lachowiez Curtis , White Kevin , Spurgeon Stephen 
Published: July 2018

Key Clinical MessageDermatologic reactions are commonly encountered in clinical practice. Providers must be aware of both the common and uncommon etiologies leading to these eruptions, particularly in patients with underlying malignancies. Establishing the appropriate etiology directs treatment of these conditions, which may be therapy directed at the malignancy itself.
Plasma cell mucositis of the larynx
Authors: Smith Jonathan G. F. , Smith Caroline P. , Leyden Peter J. 
Published: July 2018

Key Clinical MessageStridor is a symptom with a number of causes, usually identified through careful history taking and examination. When the cause is unclear, as in our case, consider investigations such as blood tests, biopsy, and imaging. We discuss a rare diagnosis of plasma cell mucositis, treated with some success by steroids.
Non‐Noble Metal Oxides and their Application as Bifunctional Catalyst in Reversible Fuel Cells and Rechargeable Air Batteries
Authors: Dresp Sören , Strasser Peter 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe report on a comprehensive structural and electrocatalytic reactivity study of a diverse set of non‐noble monometallic and bimetallic Fe, Mn, Co, and Ni ‐based oxide bifunctional ORR and OER electrocatalysts. To assess their catalytic activity and suitability for bifunctional operation in a consistent manner, we introduce and apply a standardized successive electrochemical testing protocol. Correlations are established between bifunctional activity and structure, by which the materials are classified. The large set of tested catalyst materials in this study enabled us to unravel entire reactivity trends across material groups and to make conclusions as to their suitability for reversible operating oxygen electrode applications. Our analysis reveals both beneficial synergistic effects of MnFe and MnCo based catalysts towards the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) as well as favorable trends of NiFe based materials towards the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). We visualize synoptic activity trends in so‐called “double overpotential” diagrams to elucidate easily the underlying activity trends. The highest bifunctional activity was found for a novel mixed spinel phase of Co and Mn and the highest OER performance was demonstrated for a mixed metal NiFe layered double hydroxide catalysts, from which practical guidance for the design of bifunctional fuel cell or metal‐air battery electrodes ensues.
Visualization of Structural Changes During Deactivation and Regeneration of FAU Zeolite for Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Lignin Using NMR and Electron Microscopy Techniques
Authors: Ma Zhiqiang , Ghosh Ashim , Asthana Navinchandra , van Bokhoven Jeroen 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCatalytic fast pyrolysis of pretreated lignin (with hydrogen chloride solution) over FAU (15) zeolite uniquely yielded a high fraction of phenols, phenol alkoxys, and aromatic hydrocarbons. However, the zeolite underwent rapid deactivation. This paper reports the visualization of the structural changes during deactivation and regeneration of the zeolite is reported. The deactivated and regenerated zeolites were characterized by means of N2 physisorption, electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, magic angle spinning (MAS), and multiple quantum (MQ) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. The results indicated that, during catalyst deactivation, there was excessive coke deposition in the zeolite pore structure resulted in both pore blockage and active site poisoning. The coke was removed by calcination of the spent catalyst in air at high temperature >550 °C which resulted in restoring the porosity and the activity to a large extent. However, the recovery of catalytic activity was incomplete attributing to irreversible structural changes in the catalyst during the deactivation and regeneration process. By fine‐tuning the reaction conditions and the regeneration of the catalyst, the catalyst performance after reactivation was optimized. Catalyst regeneration after mild coke deposition (that is, after a few catalytic cycles) and mild oxidation conditions (low temperature and slow‐heating ramp) are beneficial.
Single Nanoparticle Growth from Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis: From Monte Carlo Simulations to Nanoparticle Electrogeneration
Authors: Brasiliense Vitor , Noël Jean‐Marc , Wonner Kevin , Tschulik Kristina , Combellas Catherine , Kanoufi Frédéric 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBy scrutinizing the trajectory of individual nanoparticles (NPs) in solution, NP tracking analysis (NTA) allows sizing individual NPs and providing meaningful complementary information to single NP electrochemistry. Herein, a model is developed to extend NTA to allow dynamic NP sizing and to analyze the kinetics of growth of NPs in solution. Interpreting the NP trajectories as scaled Brownian motion, Monte Carlo simulations produce stochastic trajectories of growing NPs (under diffusion‐controlled growth). These trajectories are grounds for determining a strategy to estimate the growth parameters of individual NPs from the time evolution analysis of the mean square displacement (MSD) curves. In particular, we evaluate the accuracy and precision of the parameter estimates from MSD analysis. In addition, the strategy is illustrated to depict the homogeneous electrosynthesis of silver NPs from the oxidation of a sacrificial Ag ultramicroelectrode (UME) in Fe2+ solution.
Effects of Temperature on the Shape and Symmetry of Molecules and Solids
Authors: Carreras Abel , Bernuz Efrem , Marugan Xavier , Llunell Miquel , Alemany Pere 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDespite its undeniable problems from a philosophical point of view, the concept of molecular structure, with attributes such as shape and symmetry, directly borrowed from the description of macroscopic objects, is nowadays central to most of the chemical sciences. Descriptions such as “the tetrahedral carbon atom” or “octahedral coordination complexes” are widely used as much in elementary textbooks as in the most up‐to‐date research articles. The definition of molecular shape is, however, not as simple as it might seem at first sight. Molecules don't behave as macroscopic objects do, and the arrangement of atoms within a molecule changes continuously due to the incessant motion of its constituent particles, nuclei, and electrons. How are molecular shape and symmetry affected by this thermal motion? In this Minireview, we introduce the language of continuous symmetry measures as a new tool to quantitatively describe the effects of temperature on molecular shape and symmetry, enriching in this way the set of molecular descriptors that might be used in the establishment of new empirical structure–property relations, of great interest in concomitant areas such as medicinal chemistry or materials science.