bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Base Excision Repair of Mitochondrial DNA to Reduce Ischemic Injury Following Reperfusion
Authors: Simon Roger , Meller Robert , Yang Tao , Pearson Andrea , Wilson Glenn 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe hypothesize that enhancing mitochondrial base excision repair (BER) capability in brain will reduce reperfusion-associated ischemic brain injury. Post-stroke reperfusion was modeled in mice via transient filament occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (60 min) (transient MCAO). Administration of a TAT-modified form of a DNA glycosylase (EndoIII) following reperfusion of the brain reduced resultant brain infarct volume. Protection was dose-dependent, BER enzyme specific, and regionally specific (more effective via the jugular vein). EndoIII is compatible with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). The time window of a single dose of EndoIII effect is 3 h following reperfusion onset. These data suggest a novel approach to enhance protection of reperfused brain in the setting of revascularization procedures (thrombectomy or thrombolytic therapy) following stroke.
School effectiveness and students' future orientation: A multilevel analysis of upper secondary schools in Stockholm, Sweden
Authors: Alm Susanne , Låftman Sara Brolin , Sandahl Julia , Modin Bitte 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTIntroductionFuture orientation (FO) refers to individuals' beliefs and feelings about their future. Earlier research has primarily investigated correlates of FO at the individual and family level, but it seems likely that FO is also shaped by other central agents or institutions, such as the school. Earlier studies have found positive associations between “school effectiveness” and student performance, and negative associations in relation to e.g., bullying, delinquency, and health risk behaviors. The current study investigated three teacher‐reported features of school effectiveness ‐ school leadership, teacher cooperation and consensus, and school ethos ‐ and their links with student‐reported FO.MethodsSurvey data were collected in 2016 among 5131 students (aged 17–18 years) and 1061 teachers in 46 upper secondary schools in Stockholm, Sweden, and merged with school‐level register data. Two‐level binary logistic regression analyses were performed.ResultsThe analyses showed that higher teacher ratings of school leadership and school ethos were associated with a greater likelihood of reporting an optimistic FO among students. Teacher cooperation and consensus was however not associated with students' FO.ConclusionThe findings indicate that the school environment contributes to shaping students' beliefs about their future. Thus, enhancing features of school effectiveness may be a way of promoting a positive development and brighter objective future prospects for the young, via pathways such as good student‐teacher relations and academic motivation and achievement.
Multiple arteriovenous malformations caused by RASA1 gene mutation presenting during pregnancy – a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Manzocchi Besson Sara , Jastrow Meyer Nicole , Bounameaux Henri , La Scala Giorgio C. , Calza Anne-Marie , Yilmaz Hasan , Righini Marc , Robert-Ebadi Helia 
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Pregnancy can influence the development and progression of congenital arteriovenous malformations (AVM) and thus lead to life-threatening complications for the mother and fetus like high output cardiac failure and premature delivery. The simultaneous presence of a capillary malformation and AVM strongly suggests a RASA1 related disorder. Keywords: Arteriovenous malformations, capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation, capillaries/abnormalities, port-wine stain, pregnancy, RASA1 protein
Implications of Microbial Thiosulfate Utilization in Red Clay Sediments of the Central Indian Basin: The Martian Analogy
Authors: Singh Tanya , Kshirsagar Pranav R. , Das Anindita , Yadav Kunal , Mallik Sweta , Mascarenhas‐Pereira M. B. L. , Thomas Tresa Remya A. , Shivaramu Mamatha S. , P. A. LokaBharathi , Khadge N. H. , Nath B. Nagender , Dhakephalkar Prashant K. , Iyer Sridhar D. , Ray Dwijesh , Valsangkar A. B. , Garg Anita , Prakash Babu C. , Waghole Ravindra J. , Waghmare Shailesh S. , Rajwade Jyutika M. , Paknikar Kishore M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMicrobial thiosulfate utilization and S‐disproportionation could be important mechanisms of sulfate‐formations on Earth and Mars. Sulfates on Mars date back to late‐Noachian to Hesperian period. In contrast, the large sulfur/sulfate formations on Earth evolved under different chronological sequences. The S‐cycle was provoked intermittently, permitting multiple appearances of the S‐oxidizers on an evolutionary timescale. Hydrothermally altered deep‐oceanic red clay sediments of the Central Indian Basin were examined as potential analogue for sulfur (S) oxidation on Mars. The basin sediments supported an active microbial S‐metabolism that exhibited S‐disproportionation coupled to microbial carbon‐fixation through intermediate processes like thiosulfate utilization. Sulfur‐oxidizers/thiotrophic denitrifiers were isolated in large numbers at circum‐neutral pH, from these cold and dark abyssal Fe‐oxide dominated organic‐C starved clay. Experimental simulations under psychrophilic and thermo‐tolerant conditions revealed the coexistence of an anaerobic, thermal component under the predominantly oxic, circum‐neutral seafloor conditions. Multiple causative factors like hydrothermal seafloor circulation, in situ volcanism, and fracture zone reactivation could drive the widespread S‐cycle activity in the Central Indian Basin, albeit at a low scale. It is postulated that these conditions are analogous to Great Oxidation Event situations on Earth, when S‐oxidizers evolved and flourished. Experimental studies on microbial thiosulfate flux are few in spite of intense scientific interest in microbial S‐disproportionation. To the best of our knowledge, this is a new report on regression model development for microbial thiosulfate flux. These clay‐systems and their component microbes could serve as analogue to the ancient well‐hydrated Noachian Mars and throw light on planetary hydration and desiccation mechanisms.
Initiation of a Proto‐transform Fault Prior to Seafloor Spreading
Authors: Illsley‐Kemp F. , Bull J. M. , Keir D. , Gerya T. , Pagli C. , Gernon T. , Ayele A. , Goitom B. , Hammond J. O. S. , Kendall J. M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTransform faults are a fundamental tenet of plate tectonics, connecting offset extensional segments of mid‐ocean ridges in ocean basins worldwide. The current consensus is that oceanic transform faults initiate after the onset of seafloor spreading. However, this inference has been difficult to test given the lack of direct observations of transform fault formation. Here we integrate evidence from surface faults, geodetic measurements, local seismicity, and numerical modeling of the subaerial Afar continental rift and show that a proto‐transform fault is initiating during the final stages of continental breakup. This is the first direct observation of proto‐transform fault initiation in a continental rift and sheds unprecedented light on their formation mechanisms. We demonstrate that they can initiate during late‐stage continental rifting, earlier in the rifting cycle than previously thought. Future studies of volcanic rifted margins cannot assume that oceanic transform faults initiated after the onset of seafloor spreading.
Daytime Ionospheric TEC Weather Study Over Latin America
Authors: Romero‐Hernandez E. , Denardini C. M. , Takahashi H. , Gonzalez‐Esparza J. A. , Nogueira P. A. B. , de Pádua M. B. , Lotte R. G. , Negreti P. M. S. , Jonah O. F. , Resende L. C. A. , Rodriguez‐Martinez M. , Sergeeva M. A. , Barbosa Neto P. F. , de la Luz V. , Galera Monico J. F. , Aguilar‐Rodriguez E. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe present work is the first of a two‐part weather study of the ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC), based on data collected by four ground‐based Global Navigation Satellite System networks that cover the whole Latin America from the Patagonia to the north of Mexico. From the best of our knowledge, the maps presented here are the first TEC maps obtained using ground‐based data that covers the entire Latin America region, which represent an advance to the space weather monitoring and forecasting of the ionosphere. This work provides a qualitative and quantitative daytime analysis of the ionospheric TEC variation, which encompasses: (a) the response of TEC to the solar flux at midday; (b) the seasonal variation of TEC in different latitudinal ranges; and (c) the North‐South asymmetry of TEC over Latin America. The response to the solar flux is based on day‐to‐day TEC variations during two periods of different solar activity conditions: 2011 (ascending phase) and 2014 (maximum). The approximations of meridional wind component derived from Horizontal Wind Model‐14 model and hmF2 obtained from International Reference Ionosphere model were used. Equinoctial asymmetries with an opposite configuration in high and moderate solar activity were identified in the TEC variation. For 2011, it was related to the solar flux change. However, in 2014, according to the hmF2 variation, the influence of neutral wind becomes dominant. Among the results, we highlight an absence of winter anomaly in the Northern Hemisphere in 2014 and a stronger annual anomaly for latitudes under −20∘.
Density‐Temperature Synchrony in the Hydrostatic Thermosphere
Authors: Kodikara Timothy , Carter Brett , Norman Robert , Zhang Kefei 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe paper presents a detailed analysis of the density‐temperature (ρ‐T) synchrony in the thermosphere using a hydrostatic general circulation model. The numerical models in general offer not only great potential for forecasting the transient response of the thermosphere but also are excellent tools for understanding the driving mechanisms of various thermospheric trends and features. This study investigates and isolates the dependency of the ρ‐T synchrony on the season, altitude, space weather, high‐latitude electrodynamics, and the lower atmospheric tidal spectrum. The results demonstrate that the previously reported ρ‐T synchrony begins around 300‐km (350‐km) altitude at the equator (high latitudes). The effect of the lower atmospheric tidal spectrum on the ρ‐T synchrony patterns seems to be only marginal and more noticeable during the equinox months. The study demonstrates that the ρ‐T phase lag is larger in the high latitudes of the summer hemisphere and evolves through the day and is attributable to ion drag and temperature fluctuations via soft particle precipitation. The study provides physical insights into how the winds contribute to the ρ‐T synchrony. In addition, the results show that geomagnetic activity contributes significantly to the ρ‐T synchrony; the underlying mechanism may be related to temperature enhancements in the high latitudes via Joule heating and associated nonlinear interactions. While the ρ‐T phase lags attributable to different solar activity levels are modest, the solar heating is the primary source that maintains the ρ‐T synchrony in the low/middle latitudes via upward propagating thermal tides.
Variation of Small‐Scale Gravity Wave Activity in the Ionosphere During the Major Sudden Stratospheric Warming Event of 2009
Authors: Nayak Chinmaya , Yiğit Erdal 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe present study investigates the effect of the major sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) event of 2009, on the small‐scale gravity wave (GW) activity in the ionosphere. Small‐scale fluctuations with time periods within the range of 10–90 min observed in Global Positioning System total electron content (TEC) data have been used as a proxy for GW activity in the ionosphere. TEC data from five longitudinally separated Global Positioning System stations located around 60∘N latitude have been utilized for this purpose. In the initial phase of the major warming, when the stratospheric conditions are similar to a minor warming during which the mean zonal flow starts to weaken, the ionopsheric GW activity tends to increase. However, during the peak phase of the SSW, as the zonal mean wind starts to reverse its direction, and after the peak warming, as the winds remain weak, conditions are less favorable for upward propagation of a spectrum of GWs, and thus the ionospheric GW activity is reduced, as seen from the behavior of the small‐scale TEC fluctuations during the latter period of the SSW. Similar reduction in GW activity is also observed in the middle atmosphere (65–100 km) as seen from GWs derived from SABER (Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry) temperature profiles. The reductions in GW activity is more prominent during local daytime as compared to nighttime period. The reduction in GW activity shows a longitudinal variation with some locations showing relatively more reduction in the GW activity as compared to others.
Earthquake Early Warning Using Future Generation Gravity Strainmeters
Authors: Juhel K. , Ampuero J. P. , Barsuglia M. , Bernard P. , Chassande‐Mottin E. , Fiorucci D. , Harms J. , Montagner J.‐P. , Vallée M. , Whiting B. F. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractRecent studies reported the observation of prompt elastogravity signals during the 2011 M9.1 Tohoku earthquake, recorded with broadband seismometers and gravimeter between the rupture onset and the arrival of the seismic waves. Here we show that to extend the range of magnitudes over which the gravity perturbations can be observed and reduce the time needed for their detection, high‐precision gravity strainmeters under development could be used, such as torsion bars, superconducting gradiometers, or strainmeters based on atom interferometers. These instruments measure the differential gravitational acceleration between two seismically isolated test masses and are initially designed to observe gravitational waves around 0.1 Hz. Our analysis involves simulations of the expected gravity strain signals generated by fault rupture, based on an analytical model of gravity perturbations in a homogeneous half‐space. We show that future gravity strainmeters should be able to detect prompt gravity perturbations induced by earthquakes larger than M7, up to 1,000 km from the earthquake centroid within P waves travel time and up to 120 km within the first 10 s of rupture onset, provided a sensitivity in gravity strain of 10−15 Hz−1/2 at 0.1 Hz can be achieved. Our results further suggest that, in comparison to conventional P wave‐based earthquake‐early warning systems, gravity‐based earthquake‐early warning systems could perform faster detections of large offshore subduction earthquakes (at least larger than M7.3). Gravity strainmeters could also perform earlier magnitude estimates, within the duration of the fault rupture, and therefore complement current tsunami warning systems.
Fluorine-free water-in-ionomer electrolytes for sustainable lithium-ion batteries
Authors: He Xin , Yan Bo , Zhang Xin , Liu Zigeng , Bresser Dominic , Wang Jun , Wang Rui , Cao Xia , Su Yixi , Jia Hao , Grey Clare P. , Frielinghaus Henrich , Truhlar Donald G. , Winter Martin , Li Jie , Paillard Elie 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe continuously increasing number and size of lithium-based batteries developed for large-scale applications raise serious environmental concerns. Herein, we address the issues related to electrolyte toxicity and safety by proposing a “water-in-ionomer” type of electrolyte which replaces organic solvents by water and expensive and toxic fluorinated lithium salts by a non-fluorinated, inexpensive and non-toxic superabsorbing ionomer, lithium polyacrylate. Interestingly, the electrochemical stability window of this electrolyte is extended greatly, even for high water contents. Particularly, the gel with 50 wt% ionomer exhibits an electrochemical stability window of 2.6 V vs. platinum and a conductivity of 6.5 mS cm−1 at 20 °C. Structural investigations suggest that the electrolytes locally self-organize and most likely switch local structures with the change of water content, leading to a 50% gel with good conductivity and elastic properties. A LiTi2(PO4)3/LiMn2O4 lithium-ion cell incorporating this electrolyte provided an average discharge voltage > 1.5 V and a specific energy of 77 Wh kg−1, while for an alternative cell chemistry, i.e., TiO2/LiMn2O4, a further enhanced average output voltage of 2.1 V and an initial specific energy of 124.2 Wh kg−1 are achieved.
MoVE identifies metabolic valves to switch between phenotypic states
Authors: Venayak Naveen , von Kamp Axel , Klamt Steffen , Mahadevan Radhakrishnan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMetabolism is highly regulated, allowing for robust and complex behavior. This behavior can often be achieved by controlling a small number of important metabolic reactions, or metabolic valves. Here, we present a method to identify the location of such valves: the metabolic valve enumerator (MoVE). MoVE uses a metabolic model to identify genetic intervention strategies which decouple two desired phenotypes. We apply this method to identify valves which can decouple growth and production to systematically improve the rate and yield of biochemical production processes. We apply this algorithm to the production of diverse compounds and obtained solutions for over 70% of our targets, identifying a small number of highly represented valves to achieve near maximal growth and production. MoVE offers a systematic approach to identify metabolic valves using metabolic models, providing insight into the architecture of metabolic networks and accelerating the widespread implementation of dynamic flux redirection in diverse systems.
Overall water splitting by graphdiyne-exfoliated and -sandwiched layered double-hydroxide nanosheet arrays
Authors: Hui Lan , Xue Yurui , Huang Bolong , Yu Huidi , Zhang Chao , Zhang Danyan , Jia Dianzeng , Zhao Yingjie , Li Yongjun , Liu Huibiao , Li Yuliang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIt is of great urgency to develop efficient, cost-effective, stable and industrially applicable electrocatalysts for renewable energy systems. But there are still few candidate materials. Here we show a bifunctional electrocatalyst, comprising graphdiyne-exfoliated and -sandwiched iron/cobalt layered double-hydroxide nanosheet arrays grown on nickel foam, for the oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions. Theoretical and experimental data revealed that the charge transport kinetics of the structure were superior to iron/cobalt layered double-hydroxide, a prerequisite for improved electrocatalytic performance. The incorporation with graphdiyne increased the number of catalytically active sites and prevented corrosion, leading to greatly enhanced electrocatalytic activity and stability for oxygen evolution reaction, hydrogen evolution reaction, as well as overall water splitting. Our results suggest that the use of graphdiyne might open up new pathways for the design and fabrication of earth-abundant, efficient, functional, and smart electrode materials with practical applications.
Functional genomic analysis identifies miRNA repertoire regulating C. elegans oocyte development
Authors: Minogue Amanda L. , Tackett Michael R. , Atabakhsh Elnaz , Tejada Genesis , Arur Swathi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractOocyte-specific miRNA function remains unclear in mice and worms because loss of Dgcr8 and Dicer from mouse and worm oocytes, respectively, does not yield oogenic defects. These data lead to several models: (a) miRNAs are not generated in oocytes; (b) miRNAs are generated but do not perform an oogenic function; (c) functional oocyte miRNAs are generated in a manner independent of these enzymes. Here, we test these models using a combination of genomic, expression and functional analyses on the C. elegans germline. We identify a repertoire of at least twenty-three miRNAs that accumulate in four spatial domains in oocytes. Genetic tests demonstrate that oocyte-expressed miRNAs regulate key oogenic processes within their respective expression domains. Unexpectedly, we find that over half of the oocyte-expressed miRNAs are generated through an unknown Drosha independent mechanism. Thus, a functional miRNA repertoire generated via Drosha dependent and independent pathways regulates C. elegans oocyte development.
Pathogenic copy number variants that affect gene expression contribute to genomic burden in cerebral palsy
Authors: Corbett Mark A. , van Eyk Clare L. , Webber Dani L. , Bent Stephen J. , Newman Morgan , Harper Kelly , Berry Jesia G. , Azmanov Dimitar N. , Woodward Karen J. , Gardner Alison E. , Slee Jennie , Pérez-Jurado Luís A. , MacLennan Alastair H. , Gecz Jozef 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCerebral palsy (CP) is the most frequent movement disorder of childhood affecting 1 in 500 live births in developed countries. We previously identified likely pathogenic de novo or inherited single nucleotide variants (SNV) in 14% (14/98) of trios by exome sequencing and a further 5% (9/182) from evidence of outlier gene expression using RNA sequencing. Here, we detected copy number variants (CNV) from exomes of 186 unrelated individuals with CP (including our original 98 trios) using the CoNIFER algorithm. CNV were validated with Illumina 850 K SNP arrays and compared with RNA-Seq outlier gene expression analysis from lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL). Gene expression was highly correlated with gene dosage effect. We resolved an additional 3.7% (7/186) of this cohort with pathogenic or likely pathogenic CNV while a further 7.7% (14/186) had CNV of uncertain significance. We identified recurrent genomic rearrangements previously associated with CP due to 2p25.3 deletion, 22q11.2 deletions and duplications and Xp monosomy. We also discovered a deletion of a single gene, PDCD6IP, and performed additional zebrafish model studies to support its single allele loss in CP aetiology. Combined SNV and CNV analysis revealed pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants in 22.7% of unselected individuals with CP.
F-doped TiO2 microporous coating on titanium with enhanced antibacterial and osteogenic activities
Authors: Zhou Jianhong , Li Bo , Han Yong 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTo enhance bacterial resistance and osteogenesis of titanium (Ti) -based implants, TiO2/calcium-phosphate coatings (TiCP) doped with various amounts of fluorine (F) (designated as TiCP-F1, TiCP-F6, and TiCP-F9) were prepared on Ti by micro-arc oxidation. The F doped TiCP coatings possess a microporous structure (pore size of 3–4 μm in average diameter) which is evenly covered by nano-grains of 30–60 nm in size. Successful F incorporation into TiCP was determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and it shows weak influence on the microstructure, phase compositions, surface roughness and wettability of TiCP. All the coatings bonded firmly to the Ti substrates and showed enduring high adhesion strength in biological circumstances. The bacterial resistance and osteogenesis of the coatings were evaluated by implanting testing materials in vitro and in an infected rabbit model caused by bacteria. Both the in vitro and in vivo results indicated that TiCP and TiCP-F1 were of much higher osteogenic activity compared with Ti but lacking of bacterial resistance, whereas TiCP with high F addition (TiCP-F6 and TiCP-F9) exhibited both dramatically improved bacterial resistance and osteogenesis. In summary, TiCP-F6 possessed the best antibacterial and osteogenic activities, especially exhibited excellent osseointegration efficacy in the infected rabbit model.