bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The related factors of pre-diabetes among adolescents in Qingdao, China
Authors: Wu Yue , WEi Lili 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: To analyze the related factors of pre-diabetes among adolescents. Methods: 588 students were selected by convenient sampling method from Qingdao for questionnaires, physical examination and biochemical examination. Multivariate analysis was carried out to analyze the related factors among adolescents. Results: Overweight/obesity, central obesity, family history of diabetes, weekly frequency of moderate to vigorous physical exercise <7days, weekly frequency of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption <7days were statistically difference in the prevalence of prediabetes among boys. Family history of diabetes, weekly screen time≥14h, weekly frequency of fast food consumption ≥7days were significantly difference in the prevalence of diabetes among girls.Conclusions: Our study find that prediabetes among adolescents in Qingdao is becoming a vital health issue. This requires us to avoid obesity and develop a healthy lifestyle
Suitability of the SL index for the semi-automatic identification of mass movements affecting the drainage network
Authors: Subiela Blanco G. B. , Guinau i Sellés M. , Galve Arnedo J. P. 
Published: September 2019

Geomorphological indices, such as the Stream Length-Gradient (SL) index, have been demonstrated to be suitable for detecting anomalies in stream-profiles. These anomalies (knickpoints) are generally related to active tectonics, lithological changes and large mass movements. This study aims to detect drainage areas affected by mass movements using SL index in La Vall d’Àssua, Romadriu and La Vall de Tor basins (Central Pyrenees). The methodology used consists of computing the SL index using the Chi-Map script and then, applying two ArcGIS® tools, which are the Hotspot and Cluster Analysis (HCA) and Kernel Density (KD), to provide a better visualisation and location of the knickpoints. SL anomalies have been compared with the slope failure inventory of La Vall d’Àssua basin, indicating a good correlation between SL anomalies and slope failures. Additionally, this geomorphological index provided the identification of 13 mass movements which had not previously been described. To sum up, this geomorphological parameter is a useful tool for the identification of drainage network areas affected by mass movements.
Targeted Nanoparticles for Co-delivery of 5-FU and Nitroxoline, a Cathepsin B Inhibitor, in HepG2 Cells of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Varshosaz Jaleh , Fard Monireh M. , Mirian Mina , Hassanzadeh Farshid 
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND:
The first choice of treatment in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is 5-fluorouracil
(5-FU). Nitroxoline (NIT), a potent inhibitor of Cathepsin B, impairs tumor progression by decreased extracellular
matrix degradation. The objective of the current project was designed to target nanoparticles for co-delivery
of 5-FU and NIT in order to enhance the 5-FU cytotoxic effects and reduce the metastatic properties of HepG2
cells.

METHODS:
5-FU and NIT were loaded in chitosan-chondroitin nanoparticles. To target the CD44 receptors of
HepG2 cells, Hyaluronic Acid (HA) was conjugated to the chondroitin by adipic acid dihydrazide and the conjugation
was confirmed by FTIR and 1HNMR. After physicochemical characterization and optimization of the
processing variables, MTT assay was done on HepG2 and NIH3T3 cell lines to determine the cytotoxic properties
of HA targeted nanoparticles. Migration of the cells was studied to compare the co-delivery of the drugs
with each drug alone.

RESULTS:
The optimized nanoparticles showed the particle size of 244.7±16.3nm, PDI of 0.30±0.03, drug entrapment
efficiency of 46.3±5.0% for 5-FU and 75.1±0.9% for NIT. The drug release efficiency up to 8 hours
was about 37.6±0.9% for 5-FU and 62.9±0.7% for NIT. The co-delivery of 5-FU and NIT in targeted nanoparticles
showed significantly more cytotoxicity than the mixture of the two free drugs, non-targeted nanoparticles or
each drug alone and reduced the IC50 value of 5-FU from 3.31±0.65μg/ml to 0.17±0.03μg/ml and the migration
of HepG2 cells was also reduced to five-fold.

CONCLUSION:
Co-delivery of 5-FU and NIT by HA targeted chitosan-chondroitin nanoparticles may be promising
in HCC.
Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Carbapenem Resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii in Iran
Authors: Shakib Pegah , Choolandaimy Zeinab Babaie , Rezaie Faranak , Bahmani Mahmood , Delfani Somayeh 
Published: September 2019

Introduction:
The prevalence of carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii has
been increasing worldwide, and therapeutic options are extremely limited. We performed a systematic
review to evaluate the phenotypic and genotypic carbapenem resistance in A.baumannii
reported in Iran.

Methods:
We systematically searched Pub Med, Web of Science Direct, and Google scholar databases
to identify studies addressing the carbapenem resistance of A. baumannii. The selected papers
were published between 2005 and 2016, but the sample collection period was between 2002
and 2016. To estimate the prevalence, the Der Simonian and Laird randomized models, a 95%
confidence interval, was used. For the heterogeneity check, I2 test was used. The Egger test was
used to check the propagation bias.

Results:
Analysis of data indicates that there was an increase in resistance to carbapenems from
4.5% in 2005 to a 100% prevalence rate in 2016 (65.4 (95% CI: 58.8 – 71.6).

Conclusion:
According to the results of this study, the rate of resistance to carbapenem in
A.baumannii has been increasing in Iran. The presence of carbapenem-resistant isolates is a major
concern, because carbapenem is the main drug used against Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) isolates.
Hepatic Nuclear Factor 1 Alpha (HNF-1α) In Human Physiology and Molecular Medicine
Authors: Begum Sumreen 
Published: September 2019

The transcription factors (TFs) play a crucial role in the modulation of specific gene transcription networks. One of the hepatocyte nuclear factors (HNFs) family’s member, hepatocyte nuclear factor-1α (HNF-1α) has continuously become a principal TF to control the expression of genes. It is involved in the regulation of a variety of functions in various human organs including liver, pancreas, intestine, and kidney. It regulates the expression of enzymes involved in endocrine and xenobiotic activity through various metabolite transporters located in the above organs. Its expression is also required for organ-specific cell fate determination. Despite two decades of its first identification in hepatocytes, a review of its significance was not comprehended. Here, the role of HNF-1α in the above organs at the molecular level to intimate molecular mechanisms for regulating certain gene expression whose malfunctions are attributed to the disease conditions has been specifically encouraged. Moreover, the epigenetic effects of HNF-1α have been discussed here, which could help in advanced technologies for molecular pharmacological intervention and potential clinical implications for targeted therapies.HNF-1α plays an indispensable role in several physiological mechanisms in the liver, pancreas, intestine, and kidney. Loss of its operations leads to the non-functional or abnormal functional state of each organ. Specific molecular agents or epigenetic modifying drugs that reactivate HNF-1α are the current requirements for the medications of the diseases.
Exploring Research Priorities of Parents Who Have Children With Down Syndrome, Cleft Lip With or Without Cleft Palate, Congenital Heart Defects, or Spina Bifida Using ConnectEpeople: A Social Media Coproduction Research Study
Authors: Sinclair Marlene , McCullough Julie EM , Elliott David , Latos-Bielenska Anna , Braz Paula , Cavero-Carbonell Clara , Jamry-Dziurla Anna , João Santos Ana , Páramo-Rodríguez Lucía 
Published: September 2019

Background
Using social media for research purposes is novel and challenging in terms of recruitment, participant knowledge about the research process, and ethical issues. This paper provides insight into the recruitment of European parents of children with specific congenital anomalies to engage in coproduction research by using social media. Secret Facebook groups, providing optimal security, were set up for newly recruited research-aware parents (RAPs) to communicate privately and confidentially with each other and for the research team to generate questions and to interpret findings.

Objective
This study aimed to use social media for the recruitment and engagement of parents in research and to determine the research priorities of parents who have children with Down syndrome, cleft lip with or without cleft palate, congenital heart defects, and spina bifida.

Methods
The design was exploratory and descriptive with 3 phases. Phase 1 included the recruitment of RAPs and generation of research questions important to them; phase 2 was a Web-based survey, designed using Qualtrics software, and phase 3 included analysis and ranking of the top 10 research questions using an adapted James Lind Alliance approach. Simple descriptive statistics were used for analysis, and ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Filter Committee of the Institute of Nursing and Health Research, Ulster University.

Results
The recruitment of 32 RAPs was a sensitive process, varying in the time taken to consent (mean 51 days). However, parents valued the screening approach using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory as a measure to ensure their well-being (mean 32.5). In phase 1, RAPs generated 98 research questions. In phase 2, 251 respondents accessed the Web-based survey, 248 consented, and 80 completed the survey, giving a completeness rate of 32.3% (80/248). Most parents used social media (74/80, 92%). Social media, online forums, and meeting in person were ranked the most preferable methods for communication with support groups networks and charities. Most respondents stated that they had a good understanding of research reports (71/80, 89%) and statistics (68/80, 85%) and could differentiate among the different types of research methodologies (62/80, 78%). Phase 3 demonstrated consensus among RAPs and survey respondents, with a need to know the facts about their child’s condition, future health, and psychosocial and educational outcomes for children with similar issues.

Conclusions
Social media is a valuable facilitator in the coproduction of research between parents and researchers. From a theoretical perspective, ocularcentrism can be an applicable frame of reference for understanding how people favor visual contact.
Del adn a los nanomateriales
Authors: Oviedo-Bandera M. J. , Castro-Ceseña A. B. , Samano Enrique C. 
Published: September 2019

IntroducciónLa tecnología moderna cambia a gran velocidad, pero en particular elritmo del progreso en electrónica basada en estado sólido es frenéticoy vertiginoso. Desde la invención del transistor y el posterior desarrollo decircuitos integrados, se ha vuelto necesario, y compulsivo, fabricar objetosde uso diario más pequeЦos, más portátiles, fáciles de manipular y maniobrar.En este ímpetu de elaboración de nuevos productos, se ha generadouna tendencia hacia la miniaturización. Esta tendencia ha tomado una nuevadimensión en años recientes con el uso de materiales de tamano entre1 a 100 nanómetros (1 nm = 10-9 m), conocidos como nanomateriales. Unnanómetro es aproximadamente 80 mil veces más pequeñoo que el grosorde un cabello humano.
Matrix E Geografia: Das Analogias À Ontologia
Authors: Guimarães Humberto Goulart , Ferreira Leonardo De Castro 
Published: September 2019

Os autores expressam através deste trabalho, a relação entre o filme Matrix e Geografia. A produção cinematográfica estadunidense The Matrix será explicada pelo viés crítico geográfico, no qual durante o texto as analogias irão sendo contextualmente apresentadas. Dando seguimento às analogias, um primeiro momento é dado com a exposição do Espaço Geográfico produzido pela Matrix, para tal, os autores dão cabo de explicações da chamada “Geografia Crítica”. No segundo momento emerge o que seria o viés ontológico da analogia Matrix-Geografia, propondo algumas maneiras de se conceber o espaço e a paisagem, para desvendar “o real” e, principalmente, para buscarmos oser da Matrix, em busca de uma nova existência espacial. Esta é a ambição utópica de contribuir para expressão mental da terceira ilusão espacial: o espaço mental-concebido.
A GEOGRAFIA QUE SE PRETENDE E A GEOGRAFIA QUE SE ENSINA: OS DESAFIOS DO PIBID NA PRÁTICA DO ENSINO DE GEOGRAFIA NAS ESCOLAS PÚBLICAS BRASILEIRAS
Authors: Simas Debora Cristina Vieira de 
Published: September 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as práticas curriculares desenvolvidas no PIBID no subprojeto de Geografia, “Saber Escolar e Formação Docente na Educação Básica” da UERJ- FFP, financiado pela CAPES-MEC. Este programa visa à formação do professor, o apoio à escola pública na transformação do espaço escolar e o aprimoramento no ensino de Geografia. No atual cenário de contradição e grande desigualdade social, o PIBID vem se colocando como resistência. A partir da metodologia do materialismo histórico dialético que permite entrecruzar as contradições e conflitos vividos na escola no atual contexto histórico com as contradições da própria Geografia que se ensina, exercitando o “raciocínio geográfico”, para assim atuar de maneira eficaz no espaço, articulando o espaço “vivido ao percebido e ao produzido” à prática social.
Notas sobre a organização da rede urbana no noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Ferreira Lenize Rodrigues 
Published: September 2019

A proposta do texto é trazer elementos que contribuam à discussão do conceito de cidade média/intermediária e o papel desempenhado por essas cidades na rede urbana. Utilizamos como exemplo a organização da rede urbana no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, com ênfase na região noroeste do Estado, a partir do exemplo de cidades que, quantitativamente não poderiam ser classificadas como médias, mas que apresentam funcionalidades que os definem como centros polarizadores. Destacamos os municípios de Santa Rosa, Santo Ângelo e Ijuí, que configuram-se como polos de atração de um entorno que esvazia. Nesse sentido, verifica-se uma (re) organização da estrutura espacial atual do território, com a inserção de municípios que apresentam novos elementos, provocando mudanças espaciais significativas. Buscamos examinar a evolução da rede urbana na região noroeste a partir dos seguintes estudos publicados pelo IBGE: Esboço preliminar da divisão do Brasil em espaços homogêneos e espaços polarizados (IBGE, 1967), Regiões Funcionais Urbanas (IBGE, 1972) e os estudos Regiões de Influência das Cidades/REGIC dos anos de 1987, 1993 e 2007, destacando a posição de cada cidade na rede urbana ao longo das quatro décadas (1967-2007). Compreender as funções dessas cidades no sistema urbano, suas relações espaciais e regionais, contribui para a complexa tarefa de defini-las na rede urbana. As redes articulam escalas, do local ao mundial, e não podem ser compreendidas sem sua vinculação concreta ao território. Novas perspectivas se abrem em relação aos papéis a serem delineados por cidades como os exemplos citados no texto, que não constituem uma aglomeração urbana, mas que exercem forte polarização sobre os núcleos do seu entorno, reorganizando a rede urbana no noroeste do Estado e incorporando elementos para apreendermos a complexidade da rede urbana gaúcha. Essas cidades não estão desarticuladas de um plano mais amplo, o da constituição do espaço urbano como um todo. Assim, inscrevem-se como parte da totalidade, se articulando e sendo articuladas pela rede urbana. Os papéis urbanos que desempenham, e que possam vir a desempenhar, decorrem, portanto, de uma estruturação mais ampla, referendada pela divisão técnica, territorial e social do trabalho, o que estimula novas interrogações para pensarmos a (re) organização das cidades, as relações entre cidade e região, bem como compreender as funções dessas cidades no âmbito da rede urbana.
Natural regeneration of tree species in the understory of Corymbia citriodora in Florestal city, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Fonseca Laís Alvares , Braga Francisco de Assis , Fernandes Geanderson Santiago 
Published: September 2019

The natural regeneration of tree species in forested areas has been studied by several researches. This study aimed to evaluate the natural regeneration of tree species in Corymbia citriodora (Hook.) K. D. Hill & L. A. Johnson planted forest understory in Florestal, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Individuals with diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 5 cm were evaluated in seven 25 x 4 m plots randomly distributed. A phytosociological survey was carried out and the ecological groups and the dispersal syndromes of the regenerants were determined. We found 28 species belonging to 12 families, among which Fabacea and Annonaceae stood out. Density was 1,557 regenerants ha-1, and basal area was 23 m2 ha-1. The most important species were Psidium sp; Schefflera macrocarpa (Cham. & Schltdl.) Frodin; Pera glabrata (Schott) Poepp. ex Baill.; Astronium fraxinifolium Schott & Spreng.; Matayba guianensis Aubl.; and Plathymenia reticulata Benth. We found 35% pioneer, 40% early secondary, 18% late secondary, and 7% climax species, of which 57% are zoochoric, 40% anemochoric, and 3% autochoric. It is concluded that the natural regeneration in the understory studied comprises typical species of the Seasonal Semideciduous Forest of the Atlantic Forest biome, presenting significant density and individuals from all ecological groups.The natural regeneration of tree species in forested areas has been studied by several researches. This study aimed to evaluate the natural regeneration of tree species in Corymbia citriodora (Hook.) K. D. Hill & L. A. Johnson planted forest understory in Florestal, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Individuals with diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 5 cm were evaluated in seven 25 x 4 m plots randomly distributed. A phytosociological survey was carried out and the ecological groups and the dispersal syndromes of the regenerants were determined. We found 28 species belonging to 12 families, among which Fabacea and Annonaceae stood out. Density was 1,557 regenerants ha-1, and basal area was 23 m2 ha-1. The most important species were Psidium sp; Schefflera macrocarpa (Cham. & Schltdl.) Frodin; Pera glabrata (Schott) Poepp. ex Baill.; Astronium fraxinifolium Schott & Spreng.; Matayba guianensis Aubl.; and Plathymenia reticulata Benth. We found 35% pioneer, 40% early secondary, 18% late secondary, and 7% climax species, of which 57% are zoochoric, 40% anemochoric, and 3% autochoric. It is concluded that the natural regeneration in the understory studied comprises typical species of the Seasonal Semideciduous Forest of the Atlantic Forest biome, presenting significant density and individuals from all ecological groups.
Karakterisasi Kandungan Fitokimia Estrak Daun Karamunting (Melastoma malabatchricum L.) Menggunakan Metode Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)
Authors: , Muhammad Adiwena Kartina,Mohammad Wahyu Agang 
Published: September 2019

Melastoma malabatchricum L. is a type of plant that is widely grown in South and Southeast Asia, including Indonesia and it has benefits as a medicinal plant. In Kalimantan, Karamunting leaves is used to treat wounds, fever, diarrhea, and tannins in its root is used to darken teeth or eyebrows. The usage standard of this plant as an herbal medicine is still based on people's habits, so research needs to be done to find out how much phytochemical content is found in M. malabatchricum L. The priorknowledge of phytochemical M. malabatchricum L. becomes the basis for developing its potential as a plant medicine and its use in various fields. This research was conducted at the Agriculture Faculty Agrotechnology Laboratory, UBT. The research consisted of characterization of Karamunting plants, leaf extraction by maceration, and phytochemical content analysis with GCMS. The results showed that M. malabatchricum leaf extract contained phenol compounds of 36.32%, fatty acids (20.74%), terpenoids (9.13%), sterols (5.77%), alkaloids (4.8%), amino acids (3.5%), aldehyde (3.15%), alcohol (1.54%) and several other compounds. Some types of compounds found are known to have potential as antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, cytotoxic, anticoagulant, wound healing, antidiareous, antivenom and anti-inflammatory.
Kualitas Fermentasi Spontan Wadi Ikan Patin (Pangasius Sp.) dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Garam
Authors: , Sinung Pranata Kharina Waty, Ekawati Purwijantiningsih 
Published: September 2019

Wadi adalah produk fermentasi ikan tradisional yang berbentuk ikan utuh semi basah, berwarna agak hitam (mendekati warna ikan segar), bertekstur liat dengan aroma khas ikan fermentasi serta mempunyai rasa yang asin. Fermentasi ikan secara spontan umumnya, dilakukan menggunakan garam konsentrasi tinggi untuk menghambat pertumbuhan mikroba yang menyebabkan kebusukan. Konsentrasi garam yang digunakan dalam fermentasi ikan patin sangat menentukan mutu wadi ikan patin tersebut. Bahan utama yang digunakan di penelitian ini adalah ikan patin. Oleh karena itu dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh waktu fermentasi terhadap citarasa hasil fermentasi dan mengetahui konsentrasi garam yang optimal untuk menghasilkan fermentasi wadi ikan patin (Pangasius sp.) dengan kualitas terbaik. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap dengan hari fermentasi dan variasi kontrol yaitu patin segar, garam 5%, garam 7,5% dan garam 10% dengan masing-masing 3 pengulangan pada hari ke-7, 8, 9, dan 10. Prosedur penelitian meliputi pembersihan ikan, pengolahan samu (beras), pengolahan fermentasi ikan patin, analisis waktu fermentasi, pengujian kualitas fermentasi yaitu pengujian fisik (pengujian kimia, pengujian mikrobiologi, pengujian organoleptik) dan tahap analisis data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan waktu fermentasi yang tepat yaitu hari ke-7 dengan konsentrasi garam 7,5%.
Algunas observaciones sobre la concepción del lenguaje subyacente en el “Proyecto de una psicología para neurólogos”
Authors: Caorsi Carlos 
Published: September 2019

La teoría del lenguaje que Freud esboza en el Proyecto de una psicología, se articula sobre la distinción entre dos tipos de representaciones: la representación-cosa y la representación-palabra. Ambos tipos de representaciones son registros a nivel psíquico de influjos procedentes de estimulaciones y tienen su origen en la percepción sensorial. Pero lo que Freud considera representación-palabra, se limita a los aspectos materiales del signo, como ristras de fonemas o grafos y no incluye el significado que hace de esa ristra de fonemas una palabra. De modo que la representación-palabra contiene sólo una parte de lo que habitualmente consideramos una palabra. La otra parte, su significado, será provisto por la conexión de la representación-palabra con la representación-cosa.
De acuerdo con esto, tenemos dos complejos de sense data, a saber, la representación-cosa y la representación-palabra, y será la conexión que se dé entre ambos lo que atribuirá significado a este último. Luego la relación semántica fundamental que dará lugar al desarrollo del lenguaje consistirá en la conexión asociativa entre dos complejos de representaciones. En este punto surgen tres cuestiones de fundamental importancia, a las cuales pretendemos dar respuesta en este artículo:

cómo se establece dicha conexión entre representación-palabra y representación-cosa,
cómo se descomponen esos complejos para dar lugar a un lenguaje articulado, y
qué rol juega la cosa del mundo, si es que alguno.