bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Target position reproducibility in left‐breast irradiation with deep inspiration breath‐hold using multiple optical surface control points
Authors: Fassi Aurora , Ivaldi Giovanni B. , de Fatis Paola Tabarelli , Liotta Marco , Meaglia Ilaria , Porcu Patrizia , Regolo Lea , Riboldi Marco , Baroni Guido 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the use of 3D optical localization of multiple surface control points for deep inspiration breath‐hold (DIBH) guidance in left‐breast radiotherapy treatments. Ten left‐breast cancer patients underwent whole‐breast DIBH radiotherapy controlled by the Real‐time Position Management (RPM) system. The reproducibility of the tumor bed (i.e., target) was assessed by the position of implanted clips, acquired through in‐room kV imaging. Six to eight passive fiducials were positioned on the patients' thoraco‐abdominal surface and localized intrafractionally by means of an infrared 3D optical tracking system. The point‐based registration between treatment and planning fiducials coordinates was applied to estimate the interfraction variations in patients' breathing baseline and to improve target reproducibility. The RPM‐based DIBH control resulted in a 3D error in target reproducibility of 5.8 ± 3.4 mm (median value ± interquartile range) across all patients. The reproducibility errors proved correlated with the interfraction baseline variations, which reached 7.7 mm for the single patient. The contribution of surface fiducials registration allowed a statistically significant reduction (p < 0.05) in target localization errors, measuring 3.4 ± 1.7 mm in 3D. The 3D optical monitoring of multiple surface control points may help to optimize the use of the RPM system for improving target reproducibility in left‐breast DIBH irradiation, providing insights on breathing baseline variations and increasing the robustness of external surrogates for DIBH guidance.
Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Show an Increased Arterial Stiffness That is Predicted by IgM Anti–β2‐Glycoprotein I and Small Dense High‐Density Lipoprotein Particles
Authors: Parra Sandra , Lopez‐Dupla Miguel , Ibarretxe Daiana , de las Heras Mercedes , Amigó Nuria , Català Alba , Benavent Marc , Garcés Esperanza , Navarro Alvaro , Castro Antoni 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveTo investigate the metabolic and immunologic factors associated with the presence of central arterial stiffness as measured by the augmentation index (AIx).MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study of 69 female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) compared with a control group of 34 healthy women. The anthropometrical variables, the vascular studies, and the analytic data were obtained the same day. The AIx was assessed by peripheral arterial tonometry. The analysis of lipoprotein populations was performed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.ResultsArterial stiffness was increased in patients with SLE compared with control subjects (mean ± SD 20.30 ± 21.54% versus 10.84 ± 11.51%; P = 0.0021). Values for the AIx were correlated with the Framingham risk score (r = 0.481, P < 0.001), carotid intima‐media thickness (r = 0.503, P < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (r = 0.270, P < 0.001), and age (r = 0.365, P < 0.001). Patients receiving antimalarial drugs had a lower AIx (mean ± SD 11.74 ± 11.28% versus 24.97 ± 20.63%; P = 0.024). The AIx was correlated with the atherogenic lipoproteins analyzed by NMR. The immunologic variables associated with the AIx were C4 (r = 0.259, P = 0.046) and IgM anti–β2‐glycoprotein I (IgM anti‐β2GPI) (r = 0.284, P = 0.284). In the multivariate analysis, age (β = 0.347, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.020–0.669, P = 0.035), IgM β2GPI (β = 0.321, 95% CI 0.024–0.618, P = 0.035) and small dense high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) particles (β = 1.288, 95% CI 0.246–2.329, P = 0.017) predicted the AIx.ConclusionSLE patients had increased arterial stiffness compared with healthy control subjects. Arterial stiffness was decreased in patients treated with antimalarial drugs. Age, IgM β2GPI, and the number of small dense HDL particles predicted the AIx.
Novel Approach to Estimate Osteoarthritis Progression: Use of the Reliable Change Index in the Evaluation of Joint Space Loss
Authors: Parsons Camille M. , Judge Andrew , Leyland Kirsten , Bruyère Olivier , Petit Dop Florence , Chapurlat Roland , Reginster Jean‐Yves , Edwards Mark H. , Dennison Elaine M. , Cooper Cyrus , Inskip Hazel ,   the SEKOIA Study Group
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveOsteoarthritis‐related changes in joint space measurements over time are small and sensitive to measurement error. The Reliable Change Index (RCI) determines whether the magnitude of change observed in an individual can be attributed to true change. This study aimed to examine the RCI as a novel approach to estimating osteoarthritis progression.MethodsData were from 167 men and 392 women with knee osteoarthritis (diagnosed using the American College of Rheumatology criteria) randomized to the placebo arm of the 3‐year Strontium Ranelate Efficacy in Knee Osteoarthritis trial (SEKOIA) and assessed annually. The RCI was used to determine whether the magnitude of change in joint space width (JSW) on radiographs between study years was likely to be true or due to measurement error.ResultsBetween consecutive years, 57–69% of participants had an apparent decrease (change <0) in JSW, while 31–43% of participants had annual changes indicating improvement in JSW. The RCI identified JSW decreases in only 6.0% of patients between baseline and year 1, and in 4.5% of patients between the remaining study years. The apparent increases in JSW were almost eliminated between baseline and year 1, and between years 1 and 2 only 1.3% of patients had a significant increase, dropping to 0.9% between years 2 and 3.ConclusionThe RCI provides a method to identify change in JSW, removing many apparent changes that are likely to be due to measurement error. This method appears to be useful for assessing change in JSW from radiographs in clinical and research settings.
Real‐time cycling cadence estimation via wheel speed measurement
Authors: Rallo Gianmarco , Formentin Simone , Corno Matteo , Savaresi Sergio M 
Published: May 2018

SummaryThe need to reduce emissions and improve mobility in overcrowded cities is promoting the use of bicycles as transportation means. Bicycles have a small footprint, are easy to use, and cost effective. The introduction of modern electric bicycles has also widened the user base, extending the reach of bicycles as a commuter's option. Electric bicycles, in order to meet regulation standards, need sensors that are not usually available on muscular bicycles, like torque or cadence sensors. In this paper, we develop a cadence estimation strategy based on the wheel speed encoder only, thus allowing to remove the cadence sensor. Specifically, we propose 2 approaches, ie, a direct cadence estimate and an indirect one via gear ratio estimate. Both estimation problems are shown to be equivalent to a frequency tracking problem, which can be solved by Kalman filtering. The final algorithm embeds a logic supervisor that guarantees the reliability of the procedure in all working conditions, including freewheeling. The whole analysis and development are based upon a thorough experimental campaign using an instrumented bicycle.
Anisotropic Saturable and Excited‐State Absorption in Bulk ReS2
Authors: Meng Xianghai , Zhou Yongjian , Chen Ke , Roberts Richard H. , Wu Wenzhi , Lin Jung‐Fu , Chen Ray T. , Xu Xiaochuan , Wang Yaguo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe intensity‐scan (I‐scan) technique to study the polarization‐dependent, nonlinear processes in exfoliated bulk ReS2 is utilized. The polarization‐dependent reflection and transmission of ReS2, from which the absorption coefficients are extracted using the transfer matrix method, are measured. Absorption coefficients under high laser peak power show a transition from saturable absorption (SA) to reverse saturable absorption when rotating the laser polarization with respect to the b‐axis. It is found that SA and excited‐state absorption (ESA) contribute to the nonlinear optical processes. Both the SA and ESA show strong dependence on the polarization angle, which is attributed to the anisotropic optical transition probability and electronic band structure in ReS2. The anisotropic nonlinear optical properties of ReS2 may find applications as saturable absorbers in lasers and optical modulators.
Solution‐Processed Aluminum Nanogratings for Wire Grid Polarizers
Authors: Kang Juhoon , Yun Hae‐Su , Jang Hyun‐Ik , Kim Junho , Park Jae Hong , Lee Jung‐Yong 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe wire grid polarizer (WGP) consisting of parallel metal nanogratings is an attractive alternative to conventional polarizers because it offers thin layer thickness, easy integration capability, and outstanding chemical and thermal stability. In this report, a facile solution process is proposed for fabricating Al WGPs. High‐aspect‐ratio Al nanostructures are formed in a 1D nanoimprinted template by electroless plating. Because of the geometrically irreversible deposition and wet etching processes on the nanotemplate, only the embedded Al nanogratings are retained. The solution‐processed Al nanostructured WGP with a line width of 60 nm and a height of 150 nm exhibits an average extinction ratio of 104 and transmittance of 52.3% in the visible wavelengths.
Conducting Polymer Electrocatalysts for Proton‐Coupled Electron Transfer Reactions: Toward Organic Fuel Cells with Forest Fuels
Authors: Che Canyan , Vagin Mikhail , Wijeratne Kosala , Zhao Dan , Warczak Magdalena , Jonsson Magnus P. , Crispin Xavier 
Published: May 2018

AbstractLignin is one of the most abundant biopolymers, constituting 25% of plants. The pulp and paper industries extract lignin in their process and today seek new applications for this by‐product. Here, it is reported that the aromatic alcohols obtained from lignin depolymerization can be used as fuel in high power density electrical power sources. This study shows that the conducting polymer poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene), fabricated from abundant elements via low temperature synthesis, enables efficient, direct, and reversible chemical‐to‐electrical energy conversion of aromatic alcohols such as lignin residues in aqueous media. A material operation principle related to the relatively high molecular diffusion and ionic conductivity within the conducting polymer matrix, ensuring efficient uptake of protons in the course of proton‐coupled electron transfers between organic molecules is proposed.
Potential of B/Al‐Doped Silicene Electrodes in Na/K‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhu Jiajie , Gandi Appala Naidu , Schwingenschlögl Udo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMetal‐ion batteries are key for energy storage in both portable electronics and large‐scale applications. As the ion capacity of the widely used graphite electrodes is limited, 2D materials, in particular silicene, are considered for possible replacement. Here, the effects of B/Al doping on the ion capacity of silicene are studied and it is demonstrated that complex charge transfer leads to ultra‐high Na capacity. Low Na/K diffusion barriers open potential for fast charge and discharge.
Inorganic CsPb1−xSnxIBr2 for Efficient Wide‐Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Li Nan , Zhu Zonglong , Li Jiangwei , Jen Alex K.‐Y. , Wang Liduo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractRecently, the stability of organic–inorganic perovskite thin films under thermal, photo, and moisture stresses has become a major concern for further commercialization due to the high volatility of the organic cations in the prototype perovskite composition (CH3NH3PbI3). All inorganic cesium (Cs) based perovskite is an alternative to avoid the release or decomposition of organic cations. Moreover, substituting Pb with Sn in the organic–inorganic lead halide perovskites has been demonstrated to narrow the bandgap to 1.2–1.4 eV for high‐performance perovskite solar cells. In this work, a series of CsPb1−xSnxIBr2 perovskite alloys via one‐step antisolvent method is demonstrated. These perovskite films present tunable bandgaps from 2.04 to 1.64 eV. Consequently, the CsPb0.75Sn0.25IBr2 with homogeneous and densely crystallized morphology shows a remarkable power conversion efficiency of 11.53% and a high Voc of 1.21 V with a much improved phase stability and illumination stability. This work provides a possibility for designing and synthesizing novel inorganic halide perovskites as the next generation of photovoltaic materials.
Targeting Bruton's tyrosine kinase for the treatment of B cell associated malignancies and autoimmune diseases: Preclinical and clinical developments of small molecule inhibitors
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Zhang Daoguang , Liu Yang , Yang Dezhi , Ran Fansheng , Wang Michael L. , Zhao Guisen 
Published: May 2018

AbstractB cell receptor (BCR) signaling plays a key role in B cell development and function. Aberrant BCR signaling has been confirmed as a central driver for the pathogenesis of various B cell malignancies. Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a vital component of BCR signaling and exhibits overexpression in various B cell leukemias and lymphomas. Inhibiting BTK has been proved as an efficient way for B cell malignancy intervention. Remarkable achievements have been made in the pursuit of selective BTK inhibitors, represented by the success of the irreversible BTK inhibitors, ibrutinib and acalabrutinib. Constantly emerging agents exhibiting superior efficacy and safety in preclinical and clinical studies provide promising therapeutics for the treatment of B cell malignancies.
Solvents Effects on Film Morphologies and Memory Behavior of a Perylenediimide‐Containing Pendent Polymer
Authors: Wang Ming , Zhang Qi‐jian , Li Zhuang , Li Hua , Lu Jian‐Mei 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe large polydispersity index of functional pendant polymers has hindered their application in semiconductors. Herein, a novel pendant polymer with perylenediimide (PDI) in the side chains was successfully synthesized through ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) with a very low polydispersity index. The synthesized polymers were spin‐coated on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate by using a mixture of 1,2‐dichlorobenzene (o‐DCB) and methanol (MeOH) solvents. The surface morphologies and intermolecular π–π stacking of the fabricated film could be adjusted through tuning of the ratio of o‐DCB and MeOH, and thus, the sandwich‐structured device of ITO/polymer/aluminum exhibited different electrical behavior. The threshold voltages of the devices decreased as the MeOH content was increased from 0 to 30 % (v/v); however, the device changed from being unrewritable to rewritable if the MeOH content was increased to 40 %; a probable mechanism for this process is discussed. It is hoped that this new idea of synthesizing narrow polydispersity index pendant polymers, and the fabrication of high‐quality films through the use of a mixture of solvents could allow high‐performance memory devices to be prepared in the future.
A General Palladium–Phosphine Complex To Explore Aryl Tosylates in the N‐Arylation of Amines: Scope and Limitations
Authors: Choy Pui Ying , Chung Kin Ho , Yang Qingjing , So Chau Ming , Sun Raymond Wai‐Yin , Kwong Fuk Yee 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe scope and limitations of the monoselective N‐arylation of various amines by using aryl and hetaryl tosylates are presented. The air‐stable and easily accessible Pd(OAc)2/CM‐phos {CM‐phos=2‐[2‐(dicyclohexylphosphino)phenyl]‐1‐methyl‐1H‐indole}catalyst system was able to deal with a wide range of aryl tosylate substrates as well as amine nucleophiles, including primary and secondary cyclic/acyclic aliphatic amines and anilines. NH‐Bearing heterocycles such as indole, carbazole, pyrrole, 10‐phenothiazine, and 10‐phenoxazine were shown to be feasible coupling partners under this catalytic system. The described reaction conditions tolerate a wide range of functional groups and allow an array of aromatic amines as well as unsymmetrical amine products to be easily accessed from the various phenolic derivatives. Interestingly, this catalyst system even offers the opportunity to perform the reaction in water medium. We also report the intermolecular coupling of optically active α‐central chiral amines with aryl tosylates without erosion of the enantiomeric purity.
A Defined and Flexible Pocket Explains Aryl Substrate Promiscuity of the Cahuitamycin Starter Unit–Activating Enzyme CahJ
Authors: Tripathi Ashootosh , Park Sung Ryeol , Sikkema Andrew P. , Cho Hyo Je , Wu Jianfeng , Lee Brian , Xi Chuanwu , Smith Janet L. , Sherman David H. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCahuitamycins are biofilm inhibitors assembled by a convergent nonribosomal peptide synthetase pathway. Previous genetic analysis indicated that a discrete enzyme, CahJ, serves as a gatekeeper for cahuitamycin structural diversification. Here, the CahJ protein was probed structurally and functionally to guide the formation of new analogues by mutasynthetic studies. This analysis enabled the in vivo production of a new cahuitamycin congener through targeted precursor incorporation.
Anion–π Interaction‐Induced Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence of a Polyoxometalate‐Based Charge‐Transfer Hybrid Material
Authors: Liao Jian‐Zhen , Meng Lingyi , Jia Ji‐Hui , Liang Dong , Chen Xu‐Lin , Yu Rong‐Min , Kuang Xiao‐Fei , Lu Can‐Zhong 
Published: May 2018

AbstractRoom‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) was realized for the first time in a polyoxometalate‐based charge‐transfer (CT) hybrid material bearing polyoxometalates (POMs) as electron‐donors (D) and rigid naphthalene diimides (NDIs) as electron‐acceptors (A), meanwhile, this hybrid material displayed photochromism as well. The significant D‐A anion–π interaction induced an additional through‐space charge‐transfer pathway. The resulting suitable D‐A CT states can efficiently bridge the relatively large energy gap between the NDI‐localized 1π–π* and 3π–π* states and thus trigger the ligand‐localized phosphorescence (3π–π*).
Mechanically Induced Shaping of Organic Single Crystals: Facile Fabrication of Fluorescent and Elastic Crystal Fibers
Authors: Hayashi Shotaro , Koizumi Toshio 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMechanically induced shaping (i.e., top‐down processing) of organic single crystals is an undeveloped area of research because applying stress to such nonflexible crystalline materials generally causes them to disintegrate. Herein, we present a mechanically induced splitting phenomenon of elastic organic single crystals, and study on a facile shaping processing method of centimeter‐scale elastic organic single crystal of fluorescent π‐conjugated molecule into various fine crystal fibers (thickness: ≈50 μm; width: ≈150 μm; length: ≈25 mm). The fibers produced maintained their original crystal structure and properties (i.e., fluorescence efficiency and elastic flexibility).
Simulation and Experiment of the Homogeneously Catalyzed Production of Terpenyl Amine
Authors: Schulz Robin , Sengen Laura , Gießelmann Katja , Hunold Sira , Zeiner Tim 
Published: May 2018

AbstractContinuous terpenyl amine production via a homogeneously catalyzed hydroamination is presented. For the recycling of the catalyst a liquid‐liquid system combined with a subsequent acid complexation as capturing step for the terpenyl amine was used. The whole process was run in pilot plant scale. At first, batch experiments were conducted to determine reaction equilibria of the hydroamination and the acid complexation. On this, a process model was developed which is based on equilibrium stages. This process model was validated by running the continuous process and was able to predict the continuous process in good agreement with experimental data. So, it allows a reduction of the experimental effort.
Identification of Broad‐Spectrum Dengue/Zika Virus Replication Inhibitors by Functionalization of Quinoline and 2,6‐Diaminopurine Scaffolds
Authors: Kaptein Suzanne J. F. , Vincetti Paolo , Crespan Emmanuele , Rivera Jorge I. Armijos , Costantino Gabriele , Maga Giovanni , Neyts Johan , Radi Marco 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSocial and demographic changes across the world over the past 50 years have resulted in significant outbreaks of arboviruses such as dengue virus (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV). Despite the increased threat of infection, no approved drugs or fully protective vaccines are available to counteract the spread of DENV and ZIKV. The development of “broad‐spectrum” antivirals (BSAs) that target common components of multiple viruses can be a more effective strategy to limit the rapid emergence of viral pathogens than the classic “one‐bug/one‐drug” approach. Starting from previously identified multitarget DENV inhibitors, herein we report the identification of novel 2,6‐diaminopurine derivatives that are able to block the replication of both Zika virus and all serotypes of dengue virus (DENV 1–4) in infected cells.
Conditional relative survival among long‐term survivors of adolescent and young adult cancers
Authors: Anderson Chelsea , Smitherman Andrew B. , Nichols Hazel B. 
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUNDMany studies have examined long‐term outcomes after childhood cancer, but few address outcomes for adolescent and young adult (AYA; those aged 15‐39 years) cancer survivors. Conditional survival reflects changing mortality risk with time since cancer diagnosis and is a useful measure for planning long‐term follow‐up care.METHODSUsing the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry 9 database, the authors identified a cohort of AYA patients diagnosed with a first malignant cancer between 1973 and 2009 and followed through 2014. They estimated 5‐year relative survival at the time of diagnosis and at each additional year survived up to 25 years after diagnosis, conditional on the individual being alive at the beginning of that year.RESULTSA total of 205,954 AYA patients with cancer were identified. Thyroid cancer, melanoma, testicular cancer, breast cancer, lymphoma, leukemia, and central nervous system (CNS) tumors comprised 67% of all cancers. For all cancers combined, 5‐year relative survival was 84.5% (95% confidence interval, 84.3%‐84.7%) at 1 year after diagnosis and 94.0% (95% CI, 93.9%‐94.2%) at 5 years. The relative survival first exceeded 95%, reflecting minimal excess mortality compared with the general population, at 7 years. Patients with thyroid cancer, testicular cancer, melanoma, and breast cancer reached a relative survival of >95% at the time of diagnosis and at 1, 3, and 18 years after diagnosis, respectively. Estimates for those with Hodgkin lymphoma and leukemia were >95% at 6 and 13 years, respectively, but declined to <95% at 20 years. AYA individuals with CNS tumors did not reach 95% by 25 years after diagnosis.CONCLUSIONSFor AYA survivors of breast cancer, CNS tumors, and hematologic malignancies, long‐term excess mortality should be considered when planning follow‐up care. Cancer 2018;124:3037‐43. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
Topology optimization of fusiform muscles with a maximum contraction
Authors: Chen Qi , Zhang Xianmin , Zhu Benliang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the optimal designs in nature is critical in bionics. This paper presents a method for designing the configuration of fusiform muscle with a maximum contractile displacement based on topology optimization methods. A nearly incompressible continuum constitutive model of skeletal muscle is utilized. The contractile displacement from the relaxed state to the contracted state is regarded as the objective function. To handle the numerical difficulties that result from the existence of element density, an energy interpolation equation is employed, and a modification of the constitutive model of skeletal muscle is proposed. Several numerical examples are given to demonstrate the reasonability of the proposed method.