bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ВЗАИМОСВЯЗЕЙ МЕЖДУ ХИМИЧЕСКИМ СОСТАВОМ ВОД И ДОННЫХ ОТЛОЖЕНИЙ РЕК СИБИРИ
Authors: Савичев Олег Геннадьевич 
Published: May 2019

Актуальность. Понимание механизма и количественная оценка взаимодействия между речными водами и веществом речных наносов, донных отложений и берегов представляет собой методологическую основу планирования мероприятий по рекультивации нарушенных водных объектов, экологического мониторинга и гидрогеохимических поисков полезных ископаемых. Цель работы: количественное описание взаимосвязей между химическим составом речных вод и донных отложений. Методы исследования: статистические методы, математическое моделирование гидрогеохимических процессов. Результаты и выводы. Рассмотрена математическая модель взаимосвязей концентраций Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn, As водах и донных отложениях рек Омутная (речная система Омутная–Киргизка–Томь–Обь), Ильбокич, Боткич, Верхняя и Нижняя Немба, Инганба (притоки реки Чадобец; система Чадобец–Ангара–Енисей) и Актру (система Актру–Чуя–Катунь–Обь). Предложен алгоритм определения параметров этой модели, включающий регрессионный анализ и использование методов оптимизации. Показано, что связи между химическим составом речных вод и донных отложений существенно не линейны и зависят от абсолютных и относительных характеристик интенсивности водообмена, заболоченности водосборных территорий и рН речных вод. Установлено, что абсолютное и относительное приращение концентраций в речных водах обычно меньше, чем соответствующее приращение концентраций в донных отложениях. В то же время иногда отмечаемые высокие концентрации Fe и повышенные содержания некоторых микроэлементов могут быть связаны не только с наличием природных геохимических аномалий в донных отложениях или загрязнением водного объекта, но и с определенными сочетаниями природных условий, например, с приближением фактической сорбции к максимально возможным значениям.
Natural presence of the V179D and K103R/V179D mutations associated with resistance to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in HIV-1 CRF65_cpx strains
Authors: Liu Yongjian , Zhang Yu , Li Hanping , Wang Xiaolin , Jia Lei , Han Jingwan , Li Tianyi , Li Jingyun , Li Lin 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background

There is increasing evidence that HIV-1 genetic diversity can have an impact on drug resistance. The aim of this study is to investigate the epidemiological situation of CRF65_cpx and the impact of natural polymorphisms of this variant on genotypic resistance.

Methods

We used the BLAST search program followed by phylogenetic analysis to identify additional CRF65_cpx pol sequences from the Los Alamos HIV Sequence Database. Maximum likelihood phylogeny was estimated to clarify the epidemiological relationship of CRF65_cpx strains. Genotypic resistance was determined by submitting sequences to the Stanford HIV Drug Resistance Database.

Results

A total of 32 CRF65_cpx pol sequences were obtained. The CRF65_cpx strains were detected in seven provinces with large geographic distance. Yunnan CRF65_cpx sequences were mainly derived from a heterosexual risk group, whereas the CRF65_cpx sequences in other provinces were almost exclusively derived from an MSM population. With one exception of V179E, the other 31 strains harbored V179D mutation. The combination of V179D and K103R, conferring intermediate resistance to EFV and NVP, was detected in seven treatment-naive MSM patients.

Conclusions

The active transmission of CRF65_cpx among MSM was responsible for the geographic expansion of CRF65_cpx in China. Surprisingly, we found the natural presence of the V179D and K103R/V179D mutations associated with resistance to NNRTIs in HIV-1 CRF65_cpx. Our findings highlight the contribution of polymorphic mutations to drug resistance and underscore the challenges in treating patients harboring CRF65_cpx strains.
Distribution of virulence genes and phylogenetics of uropathogenic Escherichia coli among urinary tract infection patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Dadi Belayneh Regasa , Abebe Tamrat , Zhang Lixin , Mihret Adane , Abebe Workeabeba , Amogne Wondwossen 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) bacteria are the major cause of urinary tract infections. UPEC strains derive from different phylogenetic groups and possess an arsenal of virulence factors that contribute to their ability to overcome different defense mechanisms and cause disease. The objective of this study was to identify phylogroup and virulence genes of UPEC among urinary tract infection patients.

Methods

A total of 200 E. coli bacteria were isolated from 780 UTI patients using culture and conventional biochemical tests. Identification of phylogroup and genes that encodes for virulence factors was done using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Data was processed and analyzed with SPSS version16.0 and Epi-info version 3.4.1 software.

Result

The most common urologic clinical manifestation combinations in this study were dysuria, urine urgency and urgency incontinence. The frequent UPEC virulence gene identified was fim H 164 (82%), followed by aer 109 (54.5%), hly 103 (51.5%), pap 59 (29.5%), cnf 58 (29%), sfa 50 (25%) and afa 24 (12%).There was significant association between pap gene and urine urgency (p-0.016); sfa and dysuria and urine urgency (p-0.019 and p-0.043 respectively); hly and suprapubic pain (p-0.002); aer and suprapubic pain, flank pain and fever (p-0.017, p-0.040, p-0.029 respectively). Majority of E. coli isolates were phylogroup B2 60(30%) followed by D 55(27.5%), B1 48(24%) and A 37(18.5%). There was significant association between E. coli phylogroup B2 and three virulence genes namely afa, pap, and sfa (p-0.014, p-0.002, p-0.004 respectively).

Conclusion

In this study the most frequent E. coli virulence gene was fim H, followed by aer, hly, pap, cnf, sfa and afa respectively. There was significant association between E. coli virulence genes and clinical symptoms of UTI. The phylogenetic analysis indicates majority of uropathogenic E. coli isolates were phylogroup B2 followed by phylogroup D. Phylogroup B2 carries more virulence genes. Hence, targeting major UPEC phylogroup and virulence genes for potential vaccine candidates is essential for better management of UTI and further research has to be conducted in this area.
A systematic review identifying common data items in neonatal trials and assessing their completeness in routinely recorded United Kingdom national neonatal data
Authors: Jawad Sena , Modi Neena , Prevost A Toby , Gale Chris 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background

We aimed to test whether a common set of key data items reported across high impact neonatal clinical trials could be identified, and to quantify their completeness in routinely recorded United Kingdom neonatal data held in the National Neonatal Research Database (NNRD).

Methods

We systematically reviewed neonatal clinical trials published in four high impact medical journals over 10 years (2006-2015) and extracted baseline characteristics, stratification items, and potential confounders used to adjust primary outcomes. Completeness was examined using data held in the NNRD for identified data items, for infants admitted to neonatal units in 2015. The NNRD is a repository of routinely recorded data extracted from neonatal Electronic Patient Records (EPR) of all admissions to National Health Service (NHS) Neonatal Units in England, Wales and Scotland. We defined missing data as an empty field or an implausible value. We reported common data items as frequencies and percentages alongside percentages of completeness.

Results

We identified 44 studies involving 32,095 infants and 126 data items. Fourteen data items were reported by more than 20% of studies. Gestational age (95%), sex (93%) and birth weight (91%) were the most common baseline data items. The completeness of data in the NNRD was high for these data with greater than 90% completeness found for 9 of the 14 most common items.

Conclusion

High impact neonatal clinical trials share common data items. In the United Kingdom, these items can be obtained at a high level of completeness from routinely recorded data held in the NNRD. The efficiency of neonatal clinical trials could be increased by using high quality, routinely recorded EPR data such as that held in the NNRD rather than collecting these items anew.

Registration

PROSPERO registration number CRD42016046138, registered prospectively 17th August 2016
Poultry Litter and Cover Crop Integration into No‐till Cotton on Upland Soil
Authors: Adeli Ardeshir , Brooks John P. , Read John J. , Shankle Mark W. , Feng Gary , Jenkins Johnie N. 
Published: May 2019

Core Ideas
Applying poultry litter to the top of cover crop residue increased lint yield in drier years.This practice enhanced cotton lint yield, soil C, and soil health.This practice reduced NO3–N and water‐soluble P by 49 and 22% in 5‐cm soil depth, a zone of plant–soil–water interactions.
The influence of poultry litter (PL) and cover crops have under no‐till cropping systems in Mississippi upland soils on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) yield and subsequent soil health are largely unknown. A 4‐yr field study was conducted to determine the effect of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cover crop and PL on cotton lint yield in narrow (0.75 m) and conventional (1.01 m) row spacings. The experimental design was split‐split plot with three replications. The cover crop treatment was assigned to the main plots. Within the cover crop treatment, a narrow row spacing compared to conventional row spacing as subplots. Fertilization treatments included unfertilized control, inorganic N fertilizer (112 kg N ha−1) and PL (6.7 Mg ha−1). Lint yield was significantly greater with PL than inorganic fertilizer each year. Lint yield in a dry season was significantly greater with cover crop treatment. However, following the cessation of PL in 2017, lint yield increased by 12% in the absence of cover crop residue. As compared to unfertilized control, applying PL in the presence of cover crop residue enhanced soil C by 22% and water aggregate stability by 7.4% and reduced soil penetration resistance and bulk density by 9 and 3.5%, respectively. Applying PL for 3 years increased soil levels of both gram‐negative bacteria, 16S rRNA, and ureC, while planting cover crop doubled heterotrophic plate count bacteria. Integration of PL and cover crop residue in a no‐till cotton increased lint yield and improved soil quality indicators.
Seed‐Drill Opener Type and Crop Residue Load Affect Canola Establishment, but Only Residue Load Affects Yield
Authors: Swanepoel P.A. , le Roux P. J. G. , Agenbag G. A. , Strauss J. A. , MacLaren C. 
Published: May 2019

Core Ideas
Canola establishment can be affected by the residues of the previous crop.Different planting tools may handle crop residue differently.Tine and disc furrow openers at different residue loads were tested.Canola performed best when established with tine openers and when residue load is low.
Handling crop residue during planting operations is a challenge to conservation agriculture (CA) farmers worldwide. It remains unclear which tools are most effective in which conditions. Canola (Brassica napus L.), an oilseed crop widely used in rotation with cereals, is particularly sensitive to seedbed conditions, and thus may be influenced by residue loads and the choice of seed‐drill openers. To identify optimal planting practices, this study compared the performance of disc and tine openers on canola establishment, growth, and yield under differing residue loads in a Mediterranean‐type climate region. First, soil disturbance caused by disc and tine openers was evaluated to assess their effect on seedbed conditions; and second, the interacting effects of the openers with different residue loads was investigated. Tine openers and low crop residue loads resulted in the best (P < 0.05) canola establishment. However, canola at reduced plant populations compensated in both biomass and grain yield, so that no yield differences resulted from different opener types, and only small yield differences occurred between residue loads (P > 0.05).
How Meaningful are Plot‐Scale Observations and Simulations of Preferential Flow for Catchment Models?
Authors: Glaser Barbara , Jackisch Conrad , Hopp Luisa , Klaus Julian 
Published: May 2019

Core Ideas
We tested a range of dual‐permeability parameterizations at plot and catchment scale.
Well‐performing parameters at plot scale did not clearly improve catchment simulation.
Vertical preferential flow was important for simulating plot‐scale observations.
At catchment scale, it appeared more important to consider fast lateral subsurface flow.
This showed that different nonuniform flow processes are critical at different scales.
Despite ubiquitous field observations of nonuniform flow processes, preferential flow paths are rarely considered in hydrological models, especially at catchment scale. In this study, we investigated the extent to which plot‐scale observations of preferential flow paths are informative for rainfall–runoff simulations at larger scales. We used data from three plot‐scale irrigation experiments in the Weierbach catchment (Luxembourg) to identify preferential flow parameterizations via a Monte Carlo simulation with HydroGeoSphere. Subsequently, we tested whether these parameter sets could be used directly to simulate the hydrological response of the Weierbach headwater with a HydroGeoSphere catchment model. The Monte Carlo simulations showed that the different depth profiles of Br− tracer observed in irrigation experiments could be reproduced when vertical preferential flow was simulated with a dual‐permeability approach. However, it was not possible to identify unique parameter values for preferential flow. The direct transfer of a range of different dual‐permeability parameter sets to the catchment model revealed that the variability of simulated hydrometric catchment responses (discharge and soil moisture over 18 mo) was independent of the variability among the three irrigation experiments. More importantly, the dual‐permeability approach did not improve the match between simulated and observed discharge and soil moisture responses compared with the single‐domain reference model, where multiple soil layers with differing hydraulic conductivities had already been implemented. This suggests that including structures that allow nonuniform lateral flow was more important for reproducing the hydrological response in the Weierbach catchment than the vertical preferential flow observed at plot scale.
Influences of Macropores on Infiltration into Seasonally Frozen Soil
Authors: Demand Dominic , Selker John S. , Weiler Markus 
Published: May 2019

Core Ideas
Macropores allow water infiltration into a frozen soil close to 0°C and at high water saturation.
Connected biopores channel water beneath the frozen layer.
Frozen layer thickness in relation to connected macroporosity is a crucial factor.
Infrared thermography can be used to measure frozen layer extent and variability.
Water frozen in soil can reduce the soil infiltrability, depending on the water content. We hypothesize that air‐filled macropores control the infiltration of a seasonally frozen soil under high saturation degrees. Sprinkling experiments with different intensities on a seasonally frozen soil were conducted in two winters at high initial water contents. Brilliant Blue FCF (BB) was sprinkled on four plots equipped with soil moisture and temperature probes to mark flow paths. Frozen layer thickness was measured with infrared thermography of soil sections and overlaid with BB images. The frost depth of the experiments was 8 to 15 cm. Infiltration rates showed reduced infiltration compared with unfrozen conditions. By impeding refreezing of the infiltrating water with added NaCl, infiltration rates of 23 to 29 mm h−1 were measured. Without the addition of salt, the infiltration rates decreased to 5 to 10 mm h−1, attributed to pore blockage by refreezing water. Temperature measurements revealed that the frozen layer only thawed close to the soil surface during the experiments. Blue‐stained areas indicated that water was channeled through the frozen layer into the unfrozen soil. In addition, the soil moisture probes below the frozen layer measured an increase in unfrozen water content, whereas total water content in the frozen layer was constant. These observations were explained by a connected air‐filled porosity, such as biopores, which allowed water flow even under high initial water contents. These results illustrate the importance of macroporosity in relation to frost depth in controlling the infiltrability of seasonally frozen soils.
The Effect of Intraparticle Porosity and Interparticle Voids on the Hydraulic Properties of Soilless Media
Authors: Hill Jenny , Sleep Brent , Drake Jennifer , Fryer Marisa 
Published: May 2019

Core Ideas
Green roofs comprise a soilless medium over an atmospheric equilibrated space.
Green roofs represent microcosms of capillary fringe and vadose zone hydraulics.
Bulk properties come from the interparticle voids and the intraparticle pores.
Capillary retention is fundamental for water storage in a green roof system.
Design specifications for green roofs should focus on using a well‐graded medium.
An essential component of a building‐integrated vegetation system, such as an extensive green roof, is the layer of lightweight planting medium that supports rooting and stores water. Predicting and describing the stormwater management performance of green roofs requires reliable data regarding the water retention properties of the planting medium. Ten materials proposed for use on green roofs, including four mineral components, three biological components, and three commercial blends, were characterized through measurement of their water release curves (WRCs). In combination with the particle size distributions, the resultant data demonstrate that some of the materials contain measurable intraparticle pore networks in addition to the interparticle void spaces described in classical soil hydrology. The WRCs were also used to model the maximum water storage under static equilibrium conditions throughout a 15‐cm profile of each material. In freely draining, unsaturated green roof systems, the role of the intraparticle pores may be limited to increasing microscale roughness of particle surfaces, thereby reducing film flow under drier conditions. The highly organic, biologically derived materials—screened compost, bark fines, and shredded wood—demonstrated hydrophobicity when air dried, but wetting occurred within <30 min on all occasions, which would be within the time frame of many rainstorms. As with natural soils, the saturated hydraulic conductivity was lower in materials with a higher proportion of fines (<106 μm).
A proposed hybrid rainfall simulation model: bootstrap aggregated classification tree–artificial neural network (BACT-ANN) for the Langat River Basin, Malaysia
Authors: Lian Chau Yuan , Huang Yuk Feng , Ng Jing Lin , Mirzaei Majid , Koo Chai Hoon , Tan Kok Weng 
Published: May 2019

AbstractClimate change is a global issue posing threats to the human population and water systems. As Malaysia experiences a tropical climate with intense rainfall occurring throughout the year, accurate rainfall simulations are particularly important to provide information for climate change assessment and hydrological modelling. An artificial intelligence-based hybrid model, the bootstrap aggregated classification tree–artificial neural network (BACT-ANN) model, was proposed for simulating rainfall occurrences and amounts over the Langat River Basin, Malaysia. The performance of this proposed BACT-ANN model was evaluated and compared with the stochastic non-homogeneous hidden Markov model (NHMM). The observed daily rainfall series for the years 1975–2012 at four rainfall stations have been selected. It was found that the BACT-ANN model performed better however, with slight underproductions of the wet spell lengths. The BACT-ANN model scored better for the probability of detection (POD), false alarm rate (FAR) and the Heidke skill score (HSS). The NHMM model tended to overpredict the rainfall occurrence while being less capable with the statistical measures such as distribution, equality, variance and statistical correlations of rainfall amount. Overall, the BACT-ANN model was considered the more effective tool for the purpose of simulating the rainfall characteristics in Langat River Basin.
Trace Determination of Tamoxifen using Optimized Solvent Bar Microextraction and HPLC-UV
Authors: Behbahani Persia , Ghasemi Nahid , Qomi Mahnaz , Tahvildari Kambiz 
Published: May 2019

Background:
Tamoxifen (Soltamox) is an antineoplastic agent and an estrogen receptor antagonist
used to treat breast cancer, but have severe side effects such as hot flashes, vaginal discharge,
etc. Dose monitoring is a necessity for optimum treatment, to prevent severe adverse effects.

Methods:
In this study, the solvent bar microextraction method (SBME) was used for preconcentration
and microextraction coupled with High-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (HPLC-UV)
analysis of tamoxifen.

Results:
The limit of detection and limit of quantification were 13.3 and 40 μgL-1, respectively. The
linear range was between 40 and 10000 μgL-1 with a correlation coefficient of 0.999. The enrichment
factor was 169 and the relative standard deviation within-day and between-day were 3.6 and 4.0, respectively.

Conclusion:
The use of sensitive SBME method coupled with HPLC-UV analysis for detection of tamoxifen
at trace level proved to be successful, offering a desirable preconcentration factor, and a costeffective
and green set-up for determining its rate of elimination from cancer patients and wastewater.
Recent Electrochemical Assays on Cephalosporins
Authors: Karadurmus Leyla , Eşme Kaan , Bakirhan Nurgul K. , Ozkan Sibel A. 
Published: May 2019

:
Antibiotics are an important class among drugs because they are a significant agent to
deal with infections. Cephalosporins are a very important group of antibiotics in the β-lactam class.
The cephalosporins are semisynthetic antibiotics derived from products of the fungus Cephalosporium.
Cephalosporins are classified as first, second, third, fourth, and advanced generation,
based largely on their antibacterial spectrum and stability to β-lactamases. Electrochemical methods
have been used for the determination of cephalosporin just as used in the determination of
many antibiotic drugs. Electroanalytical methods present generally high sensitivity, low cost, low
requirements, ease of preparation of the samples in a very short time, and a short analysis time.
The most commonly used types are cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, square
wave voltammetry and linear sweep voltammetry. The aim of this review is to evaluate the advantages
and uses of electroanalytical methods used in the determination of cephalosporins. In
addition, current applications of the methods to the pharmaceutical analysis of cephalosporins will
also be summarized in a table.