bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can tail risk explain size, book‐to‐market, momentum, and idiosyncratic volatility anomalies?
Authors: Aboura Sofiane , Arisoy Y. Eser 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe examine the impact of tail risk on the return dynamics of size, book‐to‐market ratio, momentum and idiosyncratic volatility sorted portfolios. Our time‐series analyses document significant portfolio return exposures to aggregate tail risk. In particular, portfolios that contain small, value, high idiosyncratic volatility and low momentum stocks exhibit negative and statistically significant tail risk betas. Our cross‐sectional analyses at the individual stock level suggest that tail risk helps in explaining the four pricing anomalies, particularly size and idiosyncratic volatility anomalies.
Parallel ecological filtering of ultramafic soils in three distant island floras
Authors: Pillon Yohan , González Dubiel Alfonso , Randriambanona Herizo , Lowry Porter P. , Jaffré Tanguy , Merlot Sylvain 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimAlexander von Humboldt observed that plant communities on different continents but under similar climatic conditions shared few common species but often contained representatives of the same genera or higher taxonomic groups. To test if this observation can be extended to substrate type, we explored whether a phylogenetic signature could be seen among floras growing on ultramafic substrates that present challenging edaphic conditions for plant growth and are well‐known for their distinctive vegetation.LocationCuba, Madagascar, New Caledonia.TaxonAngiosperms.MethodsWe compared the floras of Cuba, Madagascar and New Caledonia to test whether the same plant families were under‐ or over‐represented on the ultramafic substrates of the three islands.ResultsPairwise comparisons showed that plant orders and families tended to have the same behaviour on the three islands, i.e. ultramafic substrates filtered (in favour of or against) the same plant groups in the three biogeographical distinct areas. The COM clade (comprising Celastrales, Oxalidales and Malpighiales) appears to be over‐represented on ultramafic substrates in all three islands and contains over half of the world's known nickel hyperaccumulators.Main conclusionsOur analyses provide support for Humboldt's observation by showing that ecological sorting can favour the same plant lineages in similar environments in different biogeographical regions.
Novel polymorphisms in PDLIM3 and PDLIM5 gene encoding Z‐line proteins increase risk of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Wang Dongfei , Fang Juan , Lv Jialan , Pan Zhicheng , Yin Xiang , Cheng Hongqiang , Guo Xiaogang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIdiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM), characterized by ventricular dilation and impaired systolic function, is a primary cardiomyopathy resulting in heart failure. During heart contraction, the Z‐line is responsible for transmitting force between sarcomeres and is also a hot spot for muscle cell signalling. Mutations in Z‐line proteins have been linked to cardiomyopathies in both humans and mice. Actinin‐associated LIM protein (ALP) and enigma homolog protein (ENH), encoded by PDLIM3 and PDLIM5, are components of the muscle cytoskeleton and localize to the Z‐line. A PDLIM3 or PDLIM5 deficiency in mice leads to dilated cardiomyopathy. Since PDLIM3 and PDLIM5 are candidate IDCM susceptibility genes, the current study aims to investigate whether polymorphisms within PDLIM3 and PDLIM5 could be correlated with IDCM. We designed a case‐control study, and exons of the PDLIM3 and PDLIM5 were amplified by polymerase chain reactions in 111 IDCM patients and 137 healthy controls. We found that five synonymous polymorphisms had statistical distribution differences between IDCM patients and controls, including rs4861669, rs4862543, c.731 + 131 T > G, c.1789‐3 C > T and rs7690296, according to genotype and allele distribution. Haplotype G‐C‐C‐C and A‐T‐C‐T (rs2306705, rs10866276, rs12644280 and rs4635850 synthesized) were regarded as risk factors for IDCM patients when compared with carriers of other haplotypes (all P < .05). Furthermore, IDCM patients with two novel polymorphisms (c.731 + 131 T > G and c.1789‐3 C > T) had lower systolic blood pressure. In conclusion, these five synonymous polymorphisms might constitute a genetic background that increases the risk of the development of IDCM in the Chinese Han population.
Developmental stability of scholastic, social, athletic, and physical appearance self‐concepts from preschool to early adulthood
Authors: Putnick Diane L. , Hahn Chun‐Shin , Hendricks Charlene , Bornstein Marc H. 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundSelf‐concept has meaningful relations with psychological functioning and well‐being across the life span. Hence, it is important to understand how and when individual differences in multiple domains of self‐concept begin to stabilize and whether individual differences remain stable throughout childhood and adolescence and into early adulthood.MethodsWe assessed individuals’ (N = 372) scholastic, social, athletic, and physical appearance self‐concepts at five waves over 20 years from age 4 to age 24.ResultsIn general, stability was large, but medium‐sized estimates were obtained for some domains over longer (e.g., 6‐year) intervals. Indirect effects from preschool to early adulthood were small, but from age 14 to 24 were medium to large. Stabilities maintained significance independent of family socioeconomic status and global self‐worth. Stability estimates were similar for boys and girls except over adolescence for scholastic self‐concept, which was more stable for girls than boys.ConclusionsMultiple domains of self‐concept constitute stable individual‐difference characteristics, independent of global feelings of self‐worth. Individuals who have high or low self‐concepts early in development tend to maintain their relative standing into early adulthood suggesting points of intervention.
Characteristics of patients with bullous pemphigoid: comparison of classic bullous pemphigoid to non‐bullous pemphigoid
Authors: Ben Mordehai Y. , Faibish H. , Astman N. , Greenberger S. , Barzilai A. , Baum S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundBullous pemphigoid (BP) is the most common subepidermal autoimmune blistering disease. Patients occasionally present with a clinical picture of pruritus/urticaria alone for months and do not even develop blisters over time. Only few studies have investigated this subgroup of non‐bullous pemphigoid (NBP).ObjectiveTo evaluate the demographic and clinical characteristics of BP patients with or without blisters at the time of diagnosis.MethodsA retrospective study based on the medical records of 115 BP patients. Collected data included demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, treatment and response to treatment.ResultsThirty‐six patients presented with pruritus/urticaria (31.3%), and 79 presented with blisters (68.7%), with mean ages of 77.5 and 76.0, respectively, at diagnosis and an equal female:male ratio. The level of immunoglobulin E (IgE) was 4.1 times higher, and the mean blood eosinophil count was significantly increased in the pruritus/urticaria group. Remission rate at 3 months and relapse rate were similar between the groups. Median follow‐up period was 9 months (range 3–18). Only 23% of the patients with pruritus/urticaria developed blisters.ConclusionsA significant number of BP patients present without blisters. We found no significant epidemiological or clinical differences from the classic BP patients aside from significantly elevated IgE and blood eosinophil levels. Similar results in larger cohort studies might be the foundation for a change in clinical protocols regarding the diagnosis and recommended treatment for the elderly presenting with pruritus/urticaria only.
The paradox of obligate sex: The roles of sexual conflict and mate scarcity in transitions to facultative and obligate asexuality
Authors: Burke Nathan W. , Bonduriansky Russell 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe maintenance of obligate sex in animals is a long‐standing evolutionary paradox. To solve this puzzle, evolutionary models need to explain why obligately sexual populations consistently resist invasion by facultative strategies that combine the benefits of both sexual and asexual reproduction. Sexual antagonism and mate availability are thought to shape the occurrence of reproductive modes in facultative systems. But it is unclear how such factors interact with each other to influence facultative invasions and transitions to obligate asexuality. Using individual‐based models, we clarify how sexually antagonistic coevolution and mate availability affect the likelihood that a mutant allele that gives virgin females the ability to reproduce parthenogenetically will invade an obligately sexual population. We show that male coercion cannot stop the allele from spreading because mutants generally benefit by producing at least some offspring asexually prior to encountering males. We find that effects of sexual conflict can lead to positive frequency‐dependent dynamics, where the spread of the allele is promoted by effective (no‐cost) resistance when males are common, and by mate limitation when sex ratios are female‐biased. However, once the mutant allele fixes, effective coercion prevents the complete loss of sex unless linkage disequilibrium can build up between the allele and alleles for effective resistance. Our findings clarify how limitations of female resistance imposed by the genetic architecture of sexual antagonism can promote the maintenance of sexual reproduction. At the same time, our finding of widespread obligate sex when costs of parthenogenesis are high suggests that developmental constraints could contribute to the rarity of facultative reproductive strategies in nature.
Development and field testing of a tool to elicit women's preferences among cervical cancer screening modalities
Authors: Wood Brianne , Taljaard Monica , El‐Khatib Ziad , McFaul Susan , Graham Ian D. , Little Julian 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the present study is to describe the development and field testing of a preference‐elicitation tool for cervical cancer screening, meeting International Patient Decision Aids Standards (IPDAS) quality criteria.MethodsWe developed a tool designed to elicit women's preferences among cervical cancer screening modalities. The Ottawa Decision Support Framework and IPDAS systematic development process guided the design, and we followed IPDAS criteria for conducting a field test in a real‐world setting. Using social media recruitment strategies, we identified a convenience sample of Ontario women who were currently eligible for cervical screening to test the tool. We evaluated the feasibility, acceptability, balance of information, and ability to elicit women's informed, values‐based preferences using an online survey embedded in the tool.ResultsTwenty‐five women participated in the field test. Participants were aged 20 to 63 years , and identified as predominantly white (88%), living in Northern Ontario (68%), and most had university education (75%). Most participants (72%) considered the length of the website as “just right,” and 100% indicated that they would find the tool useful for decision‐making. Over two‐thirds (68%) of participants perceived the information in the tool as “balanced.” Almost all (92%) participants scored at least 4 out of 7 on the knowledge quiz, and most participants (84%) selected their preference in an informed, values‐based way.ConclusionThe results from our field test of this tool provide preliminary evidence of the tool's feasibility, acceptability, balance, and ability to elicit women's informed, values‐based preferences among available cervical screening modalities. Further research should elicit the distribution of preferences of cervical screening modalities in other regions, using a sample who represents the screening population and a rigorous study design. It will be important for researchers and screening programmes to evaluate the tool's ability to elicit women's informed, values‐based preferences compared with educational materials.
Effect of processing on vital chemical components of button mushroom
Authors: Singhal Somya , Rasane Prasad , Singh Jyoti , Kaur Sawinder , Kumar Vikas , Dhawan Kajal , Gurumayum Sushma , Kaur Navneet , Gupta Neeru , Kaur Damanpreet 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe processing conditions for mushroom (Agaricus bisporous) were optimized for optimal nutrient retention. Pretreatments, namely blanching (hot water, frying, microwave, and steam blanching) and osmotic dehydration were considered as variables at different temperatures and salt concentrations (5–20%). After blanching, the different times of deactivation of catalase enzyme were noted for both with and without calcium chloride (2%) treatments. Phytochemicals such as total phenolic content, ascorbic acid, flavonoids, and the free radical scavenging activity were analyzed. Microwave blanching (mushroom treated with 2% calcium chloride) at 1080 W for 30 s was found to be the most appropriate among all the other types of blanching techniques. Further, osmotic dehydration was performed at different salt concentrations and time for the microwave blanched sample. Samples with 15% sodium chloride treatment for 10 min retained, the maximum nutritional compounds according to experimental analysis. Mathematical modeling using the Peleg model was used and mushrooms treated with 10% salt concentration was found to have the least root mean square error values, which was thus chosen to be the most appropriate salt concentration. The functional components of button mushroom are thus most appropriately preserved by treating them with calcium chloride (2%), microwave blanched (1080 W, 30 s), followed by osmotic dehydration (10–15% NaCl for 10 min).Practical applicationsThermal processing of mushrooms is the most common technique used in the processing of mushrooms commercially. By understanding the best possible technique the nutritional losses to the product could be reduced extensively, adding to nutritional security. Mathematical modeling used could be used to generate the desired response economically for a variable set of conditions for mushroom processing.
Listeria monocytogenes in dairy plants in Southern Brazil: Occurrence, virulence potential, and genetic diversity
Authors: Prates Denise da Fontoura , Haubert Louise , de Fátima Würfel Simone , Cavicchioli Valéria Q. , Nero Luís A. , da Silva Wladimir Padilha 
Published: August 2019

AbstractListeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen widely distributed in nature. The aims of this study were to evaluate the occurrence of Listeria spp. in three dairy plants located in Southern Brazil, and to characterize the L. monocytogenes isolates according to serotypes, virulence genes, and PFGE. A total of 212 samples were collected, and 15 were positive for Listeria spp., of which seven were L. monocytogenes. L. monocytogenes isolates harbored all the 11 virulence genes evaluated and belonged to the main virulent serotypes, indicating potential risks of listeriosis for consumers. The PFGE analysis indicated low genetic diversity among the isolates, and the same pulsotypes were detected in a 2‐month period, indicating persistence of L. monocytogenes.Practical applicationsThe study evaluated the occurrence of Listeria spp. in three dairy plants located in Southern Brazil, as well as characterized the L. monocytogenes isolates according to serotypes, virulence genes and PFGE. The presence of Listeria species indicated postprocessing contamination in the dairy plants and threat to public health. Furthermore, the isolates showed a low genetic diversity, since only two pulsotypes were identified, highlighting the strain's persistence in the processing environment and/or the presence of clones in this region.
Method for endogenizing capital in the United States Environmentally‐Extended Input‐Output model
Authors: Miller T. Reed , Berrill Peter , Wolfram Paul , Wang Ranran , Kim Yookyung , Zheng Xinzhu , Hertwich Edgar G. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractEach year businesses, governments, and homeowners in the United States invest around one fifth of gross domestic product into the creation of capital assets such as buildings, machinery, and software to enable production and consumption. Use of capital is typically included to some extent in environmental life cycle assessments of goods and services but is not incorporated into most environmentally extended input‐output (EEIO) models, including the US Environmental Protection Agency's USEEIO. Capital assets are typically created in years prior to their use, so a challenge lies in distributing the impacts of their creation over time. In this work, a highly detailed capital flow matrix approach is followed to distribute the use of fixed capital assets to consuming industries. Data from the US Bureau of Economic Analysis's Fixed Asset Accounts is merged with its Industry Accounts data by the creation of concordance tables. Public highways and streets are partially reallocated to industries operating vehicles. The resulting capital use matrix is later combined into a modified USEEIO. “Housing” is found to be the largest consumer of fixed assets, followed by general government, fossil fuel extraction, and financial industries involved in leasing. Construction, vehicles, and machinery are mostly used by industries in the form of fixed assets. The types of fixed assets used by industries are consistent with expectations: housing is dominated by structures, transport by equipment, and information industries by intellectual property products.
Technoecological analysis of energy carriers for long‐haul transportation
Authors: Wolff Sebastian , Fries Michael , Lienkamp Markus 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLong‐haul transportation demand is predicted to increase in the future, resulting in higher carbon dioxide emissions. Different drivetrain technologies, such as hybrid or battery electric vehicles, electrified roads, liquefied natural gas and hydrogen, might offer solutions to this problem. To assess their ecological and economic impact, these concepts were simulated including a weight and cost model to estimate the total cost of ownership. An evolutionary algorithm optimizes each vehicle to find a concept specific optimal solution. A model calculates the minimum investment in infrastructure required to meet the energy demand for each concept. A well‐to‐wheel analysis takes into account upstream and on‐road carbon dioxide emissions, to compare fully electric vehicles with conventional combustion engines. Investment in new infrastructure is the biggest drawback of electrified road concepts, although they offer low CO2 emissions. The diesel hybrid is the best compromise between carbon reduction and costs.
Comparison of the efficacy and safety of two advanced vessel sealing technologies in total laparoscopic hysterectomy
Authors: Aykan Yuksel Burcu , Karadag Burak , Mulayim Baris 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimAdequately powered, randomized controlled studies evaluating efficacy and safety of advanced bipolar energy devices in gynecologic laparoscopic surgery are very few. We aimed to compare the two most commonly used devices in total laparoscopic hysterectomy.MethodsThis randomized controlled trial was carried out in the department of obstetrics and gynecology in an education and research hospital. One hundred thirty‐two women who underwent total laparoscopic hysterectomy for benign indications were included. Women with age younger than 18 years, suspected malignancy, stage 3–4 endometriosis and cervical/intraligamentary leiomyoma were excluded. Patients were randomized preoperatively to LigaSure or Articulating Enseal. One experienced surgeon performed all operations.ResultsLigaSure was used in 67 patients and Enseal was used in 65 patients. Primary outcomes of the study were operative time (time from start of sealing and transection of the round ligament until completion of colpotomy) and total operative time (time from skin incision to skin closure). Secondary outcomes were intraoperative blood loss (blood lost during operative time period) and perioperative complications. Operative time was significantly shorter in LigaSure group (P = 0.001). Total operative time, intraoperative blood loss and perioperative complications were similar. When two groups were further classified according to uterine weight taking 300 g as cut‐off value, operative time was significantly shorter in LigaSure group in both subgroups (P = 0.003 and P = 0.007).ConclusionLigaSure use in total laparoscopic hysterectomy shortens operative time when compared with Enseal; without an apparent increase in intraoperative blood loss and perioperative complications. On the other side, total operative time remains unaffected.
In
-vitro cytotoxicity of various Siphonochilus aethiopicus (Schweinf.) B.L. Burtt extracts in combination with selected tableting excipients
Authors: Erasmus Mandi , du Plessis Lissinda H , Viljoen Joe M 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the cytotoxic potential of S. aethiopicus extracts in combination with chitosan and Pharmacel®101, on two cell lines.

Methods
Extracts were chemically characterised utilising UPLC-Q-TOF/MS, followed by determination of cell viability and membrane integrity.

Key findings
Ethanol (EtOH) and diethyl ether (DiEt) extracts contained significant quantities of all chosen biomarker molecules; however, only two were scarcely quantifiable in aqueous extracts. Aqueous extracts did not induce any cytotoxic effects, whereas EtOH and DiEt extracts caused concentration-dependent decreases in cell viability and membrane integrity loss in both cell lines. Ensuing exposure to EtOH extracts at 50, 100 and 150 μg/ml, HepG2 cells were considered 15.5%, 12.5% and 32.8% apoptotic, whereas DiEt extracts caused 4.5%, 13.5% and 33.9% apoptotic cells. Exposure to EtOH and DiEt extracts at 50 μg/ml ensued in 20.2% and 21.3% apoptosis in Caco-2 cells; 100 μg/ml induced apoptosis in 19.9% and 10.3% of Caco-2 cells; whereas exposure to 150 μg/ml EtOH extracts caused 12.6% apoptosis compared to 11.7% induced by the DiEt extract.

Conclusions
None of the excipients caused any significantly altered cellular effects, indicating little chance for physicochemical interactions. Aqueous extracts did not possess any cytotoxic properties. However, it is clear that organic extracts caused apoptotic and necrotic cell death.