bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Value of MRI morphologic features with pT1‐2 rectal cancer in determining lymph node metastasis
Authors: Tang Yibo , Rao Shengxiang , Yang Chun , Hu Yabin , Sheng Ruofan , Zeng Mengsu 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackground and objectivesTo investigate the different features between metastatic lymph node and nonmetastatic lymph node on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the relationship between the rectal lesion and lymph node metastasis (LNM).MethodsEighty‐two patients with retrospectively consecutive pT1‐2 stage rectal cancer in 2016 were divided into lymph node metastasis (LNM+) and lymph node nonmetastasis (LNM−) group based on their histopathologic examinations. We evaluated the following features of lymph nodes: number, shape, signal heterogeneity, border, and diameter of the largest lymph node on T2‐weight images. We also calculated tumor apparent diffusion coefficient ratio and tumor percent enhancement. Fisher’s exact test was applied for inspecting lymph node numbers on MRI and logistic regression analysis in examining risk factors for LNM.ResultsThe MR‐LN number was significantly different between the LNM+ and LNM− group (median: 4 vs 1, P = 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis exhibited that the diameter of the largest lymph node and the tumor percent enhancement of the arterial phase were independent risk factors of LNM (P = 0.005 vs 0.021, respectively).ConclusionsThe largest lymph node’s diameter and the tumor percent enhancement of arterial phase on MRI were helpful in determining LNM in pT1‐2 rectal cancer.
Prognostic value of 18F‐FDG PET/CT parameters in patients who undergo salvage treatments for recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx and hypopharynx
Authors: Lee Jae Ryung , Almuhaimid Turki M. , Roh Jong‐Lyel , Oh Jungsu S. , Kim Soo‐Jong , Kim Jae Seung , Choi Seung‐Ho , Nam Soon Yuhl , Kim Sang Yoon 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundRecurrent laryngeal/hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LHSCC) is commonly associated with poor survival outcomes. We evaluated the prognostic role of 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F‐FDG PET/CT) parameters quantitatively measured in patients who underwent salvage treatments for recurrent LHSCC.MethodsThis study involved 100 consecutive LHSCC patients who underwent 18F‐FDG PET/CT for recurrent staging and subsequent salvage treatments. Maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) were measured using 18F‐FDG PET/CT. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to assess the associations between quantitative 18F‐FDG PET/CT parameters and other clinicopathological factors with progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).ResultsTwo‐year postsalvage PFS and OS rates were 67.9% and 74.3%, respectively. All 18F‐FDG PET parameters of SUVmax, MTV, and TLG were significantly associated with poor PFS and OS outcomes after salvage treatment (all P < 0.05). Multivariate analyses revealed that recurrence site, MTV (>6.5 mL), and TLG (>17.1 g) were independent variables predictive of PFS. Karnofsky score, SUVmax (>4.0), and TLG (>17.1 g) were the independent prognostic factors for OS.Conclusions18F‐FDG PET/CT can be useful in predicting postsalvage recurrence and survival in patients with recurrent LHSCC.
Preparative separation of phloridzin from apple leaves using macroporous resins followed by preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Li Hongjuan , Hou Guige , Li Yuanyuan , Zhao Feng , Cong Wei , Wang Chunhua 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPhloridzin is one of the major phenolic compounds in apple and has been widely used in medicine for a long time due to its significant biomedical activities. In this article, macroporous resin was used for purification of phloridzin from apple leaves. The HPD‐300 resin was selected for the enrichement of phloridzin according to its high adsorption and desorption capacities. The adsorption kinetics and isotherms were constructed on the HPD‐300 resin and fitted well to the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model and Langmuir model, respectively. Dynamic adsorption and desorption tests were performed on the column packed with HPD‐300 resin to optimize the operating parameters. After one round treatment with HPD‐300 resin, the purity of phloridzin in the product increased from 11.4 to 50.1% with a recovery yield of 79.3%. Subsequently, preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography was employed for the purification of phloridzin. The purity of phloridzin could reach above 98% after further recrystallization with a recovery yield of 75.8%.
Applications of polydopamine modifications in capillary electrophoretic analysis
Authors: Zhang Hao , Yang Feng‐Qing 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMussel‐inspired polydopamine has been widely used in capillary electrophoresis as a facile and universal tool for the surface modification of capillary, mainly due to its versatility, stability, strong adhesiveness, and biocompatibility properties. In this review, the recent development of mussel‐inspired surface chemistry with rapid deposition of polydopamine was introduced, and the recent applications of polydopamine in capillary electrophoresis (2011–July 2018) were summarized into four main aspects, namely, sample pretreatments, functional coatings, codeposition coatings, and intermediate coatings. Further study may be focused on clarifying the mechanisms of polydopamine formation and polydopamine‐assisted codeposition, and expanding coatings methods to plant polyphenols.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in local‐regionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A National Cancer Database analysis
Authors: Tam Moses , Lee Anna , Wu S. Peter , Gerber Naamit K. , Li Zujun , Givi Babak , Hu Kenneth , Schreiber David 
Published: August 2018

Objectives/HypothesisTo assess patterns of care and outcomes with the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by definitive radiation in local‐regionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Study DesignRetrospective database analysis.MethodsWe queried the National Cancer Database for patients with T3–4N2 or T1–4N3 nasopharyngeal carcinoma who received concurrent chemoradiotherapy or neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radiation. Overall survival (OS) was analyzed using the Kaplan‐Meier method, propensity‐score matching, and a Cox proportional hazards model adjusting for demographic and disease‐specific prognostic factors.ResultsFrom 2004 to 2014, a total of 1,731 patients were identified, including 504 patients (27%) who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was used more frequently in years 2008 to 2010 (34%) and 2011 to 2014 (30%) compared with 2004 to 2007 (22%) (χ2 P = .001). At a median follow‐up of 36.6 months, patients had 3‐year OS of 66% in the neoadjuvant group compared with 70% in those who received concurrent chemoradiotherapy (log rank P = .29). On subgroup analysis by histology, T stage, and N stage, there remained no differences in OS between the two groups. On multivariable analysis, there was no significant survival difference associated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.89‐1.25, P = .54). In a propensity score–matched population of 1,008 patients (504 with neoadjuvant therapy and 504 without), there was no significant survival difference associated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (H: 1.13, 95% CI: 0.93‐1.38, P = .22).ConclusionsNeoadjuvant chemotherapy was used in over 25% of patients, and its use is increasing. However, neoadjuvant chemotherapy was not associated with any differences in survival compared to concurrent chemoradiotherapy.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 128:2770–2777, 2018
Macroporous Conductive Hydrogels with Fatigue Resistance as Strain Sensor for Human Motion Monitoring
Authors: Gu Zhandong , Xu Yichao , Chen Lie , Fang Ruochen , Rong Qinfeng , Jin Xu , Jiang Lei , Liu Mingjie 
Published: August 2018

AbstractConductive hydrogels have attracted considerable attention due to their promising applications in a variety of fields. However, conductive hydrogels prepared by conventional strategies usually suffer from poor mechanical properties and low fatigue resistance. In this study, a synergistic strategy to fabricate macroporous conductive hydrogels (PC‐hydrogels) by introducing macroporous structure to the hydrogels is reported. The polypyrrole can distribute uniformly in the hydrogel network, thus endowing the hydrogels with good electrical conductivity and outstanding fatigue resistance. Moreover, the combination of stiff polypyrrole and soft hydrogel network can enhance the mechanical properties of the hydrogel. As a result, the PC‐hydrogels show negligible performance degradation after being compressed for more than 1200 cycles. Furthermore, the PC‐hydrogels‐based sensors can detect a variety of human motions with different intensities and ranges. The outstanding mechanical reliability and electrical conductivity make these PC‐hydrogels suitable for application in areas of strain sensors and wearable devices.
Existence and regularity of positive solutions of a degenerate elliptic problem
Authors: Guo ZongMing , Guan XiaoHong , Wan FangShu 
Published: August 2018

AbstractExistence and regularity of positive solutions of a degenerate elliptic Dirichlet problem of the form in Ω, on , where Ω is a bounded smooth domain in , , are obtained via new embeddings of some weighted Sobolev spaces with singular weights and . It is seen that and admit many singular points in Ω. The main embedding results in this paper provide some generalizations of the well‐known Caffarelli–Kohn–Nirenberg inequality.
Marigold Flower‐Like Assemblies of Phosphorescent Iridium–Silver Coordination Polymers
Authors: Rota Martir Diego , Rajamalli Pachaiyappan , Cordes David B. , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Zysman‐Colman Eli 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRacemic and enantiopure phosphorescent iridium(III)–silver(I) coordination polymers are reported. The polymers rac‐, Λ‐, and Δ‐IrAg were formed, respectively, by the assembly of the chiral iridium metalloligands rac‐, Λ‐, and Δ‐[Ir(mesppy)2(qpy)]PF6 (rac‐, Λ‐ and Δ‐Ir) where mesppy is 2‐phenyl‐4‐mesitylpyridinato and qpy is 4,4′:2′,2′′:4′′,4′′′‐quaterpyridine, and Ag+ ions through Npy–Ag linear coordination. The polymers have been characterized in MeNO2 solution by 1H and 1H DOSY NMR and CD spectroscopies and in the solid‐state by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The crystal structures of the racemic polymer rac‐IrAg has been obtained by X‐ray diffraction. The polymers rac‐, Λ‐, and Δ‐IrAg exhibited orange/red emission in solution, in films and as crystals, with intensities comparable to those of the corresponding iridium metalloligands rac‐, Λ‐, and Δ‐Ir. The morphology of the enantiopure polymers in the solid‐state resembles marigold flower‐like nano‐porous assemblies while the racemic polymer possesses an irregular morphology formation.
What influences placebo and nocebo responses in Parkinson's disease?
Authors: Witek Natalie , Stebbins Glenn T. , Goetz Christopher G. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPlacebo treatment is associated with clinical improvements in many medical conditions, but is particularly important in Parkinson's disease because improvements are common, marked, and associated with objective neurochemical and neurophysiologic changes. This review will focus on the effect of the placebo in patients with PD and will discuss the pathophysiology, observed characteristics of motor and nonmotor placebo responses, and the patient and study characteristics that modify the placebo response. Similar to the placebo response, nocebo and lessebo effects alter clinical trial outcomes and impact conclusions. Whereas placebo‐associated improvements are positively viewed by patients in clinical practice, they complicate clinical trials. The authors suggest strategies to reduce placebo effects during randomized placebo‐controlled trials evaluating new therapies. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Neurorehabilitation therapy in spinocerebellar ataxia type 2: A 24‐week, rater‐blinded, randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Rodríguez‐Díaz Julio Cesar , Velázquez‐Pérez Luis , Rodríguez Labrada Roberto , Aguilera Rodríguez Raúl , Laffita Pérez Dalina , Canales Ochoa Nalia , Medrano Montero Jacqueline , Estupiñán Rodríguez Annelié , Osorio Borjas Marcos , Góngora Marrero Mariela , Reynaldo Cejas Lorenzo , González Zaldivar Yanetza , Almaguer Gotay Dennis 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTBackground: Neurorehabilitation has become in a widely used approach in spinocerebellar ataxias, but there are scarce powerful clinical studies supporting this notion.Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of a 24‐week neurorehabilitative treatment in spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 patients.Methods: A total of 38 spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 patients were enrolled in a rater‐blinded, 1:1 randomized, controlled trial using neurorehabilitation for 24 weeks. The treated group received 6 hours of neurorehabilitation therapy, emphasizing on balance, coordination, and muscle strengthening on weekdays, whereas the control group did not receive this intervention. Primary outcome measure was the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia score, whereas secondary outcome measures included the count of Inventory of Non‐Ataxia Symptoms and saccadic eye movement variables.Results: The rehabilitated group had high levels of adherence and retention to the therapy and showed a significant decrease of Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia score at 24 weeks when compared with the controls, mainly for the gait, stance, sitting, finger chase, and heel‐shin test items. Changes in Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia scores were inversely correlated with the mutation size in the rehabilitated group. The nonataxia symptom count and saccadic measures were unchanged during the study.Conclusions: A comprehensive 24‐week rehabilitation program significantly improves the motor cerebellar symptoms of spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 patients as assessed by the ataxia rating score likely as result of the partial preservation of motor learning and neural plasticity mechanisms. These findings provide evidence in support of this therapeutic approach as palliative treatment in spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 suggesting its use in combination with other symptomatic or neuroprotective drugs and in prodromal stages. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Technical Note: Real‐time image‐guided adaptive radiotherapy of a rigid target for a prototype fixed beam radiotherapy system
Authors: Liu P. Z. Y. , Nguyen D. T. , Feain I. , O'Brien R. , Keall P. J. , Booth J. T. 
Published: August 2018

PurposeFixed beam radiotherapy systems utilize couch movement and rotation instead of gantry rotation in order to simplify linear accelerator design. We investigate the ability to deliver fixed beam treatments with the same level of clinical accuracy as conventional (rotating beam) treatments using real‐time image guidance to maintain this accuracy in the presence of rigid target motion.MethodsA prototype fixed beam radiotherapy system was built using a standard linac with the beam fixed in the vertical position and a computer controlled rotation stage that rotated a rigid phantom about the superior–inferior axis. Kilovoltage Intrafraction Monitoring (KIM) and real‐time beam adaptation with MLC tracking was applied to a five‐field IMRT treatment plan with motion introduced to the phantom. The same IMRT treatment was also delivered with real‐time adaptation using the conventional rotating beam geometry. Film dosimetry was used to measure the dose delivered with a fixed beam compared to a rotating beam, as well as to compare treatments delivered with and without real‐time adaptation.ResultsThe dose distributions were found to be equivalent between the fixed beam and rotating beam geometry for real‐time adaptive radiotherapy using KIM and MLC tracking beam adaptation. Gamma analysis on the films showed agreement >98% using a 2%/2 mm criteria with adaptation for static shifts and periodic motion.ConclusionsFixed beam treatments with real‐time beam adaptation are dosimetrically equivalent to conventional treatments with a rotating beam, even in the presence of rigid target motion. This suggests that, for a rigid target, the high clinical accuracy of real‐time adaptive radiotherapy can be achieved with simpler beam geometry.
The utility of quantitativeCTradiomics features for improved prediction of radiation pneumonitis
Authors: Krafft Shane P. , Rao Arvind , Stingo Francesco , Briere Tina Marie , Court Laurence E. , Liao Zhongxing , Martel Mary K. 
Published: August 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to explore gains in predictive model performance for radiation pneumonitis (RP) using pretreatmentCTradiomics features extracted from the normal lung volume.MethodsA total of 192 patients treated for nonsmall cell lung cancer with definitive radiotherapy were considered in the current study. In addition to clinical and dosimetric data,CTradiomics features were extracted from the total lung volume defined using the treatment planning scan. A total of 6851 features (15 clinical, 298 total lung and heart dosimetric, and 6538 image features) were gathered and considered candidate predictors for modeling ofRPgrade ≥3. Models were built with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression and applied to the set of candidate predictors with 50 iterations of tenfold nested cross‐validation.ResultsIn the current cohort, 30 of 192 patients (15.6%) presented withRPgrade ≥3. Average cross‐validatedAUC(CV‐AUC) using only the clinical and dosimetric parameters was 0.51.CV‐AUCwas 0.68 when total lungCTradiomics features were added. Analysis with the entire set of available predictors revealed seven different image features selected in at least 40% of the model fits.ConclusionsWe have successfully incorporatedCTradiomics features into a framework for building predictiveRPmodels viaLASSOlogistic regression. Addition of normal lung image features produced superior model performance relative to traditional dosimetric and clinical predictors ofRP, suggesting that pretreatmentCTradiomics features should be considered in the context ofRPprediction.
The adolescent onset anorexia nervosa study (ANABEL): Design and baseline results
Authors: Graell Montserrat , de Andrés Patricia , Sepúlveda Ana Rosa , Moreno Alba , Villaseñor Ángel , Faya Mar , Martínez‐Cantarero Carmen , Gómez‐Martínez Sonia , Marcos Ascensión , Morandé Gonzalo , Nova Esther 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe anorexia nervosa adolescent longitudinal biomarker assessment study (ANABEL) is a 2‐year longitudinal study.ObjectiveEvaluate several clinical, biochemical, immunological, psychological, and family variables and their interactions in adolescent onset eating disorders (EDs) patients and their 2‐year clinical and biological outcome. This article illustrates the framework and the methodology behind the research questions, as well as describing general features of the sample.MethodsA longitudinal study of 114 adolescents with EDs seeking treatment was performed. Only adolescents were selected during 4 years (2009–2013). The variables were collected at different times: baseline, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months of the start of treatment. Diagnoses were completed through the semi‐structured Kiddie‐Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia interview.ResultsAt baseline, the mean age was 15.11 (SD = 1.36). The mean ED duration was 10 months (SD = 5.75). The mean body mass index was 16.1 (SD = 1.8). The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition diagnosis at baseline for restrictive anorexia nervosa was 69.6%, 17.4% for purgative anorexia nervosa, and 24.3% for other specified feeding disorder. At 12 months, 19.4% were in partial remission, whereas at 24 months, 13.8% had fully recovered and 29.2% had partially recovered.ConclusionsThere was an acceptable physical and psychopathological improvement during the first year of treatment, with recovery being more evident during the first 6 months.
A fractional motion diffusion model for a twice‐refocused spin‐echo pulse sequence
Authors: Karaman M. Muge , Zhou Xiaohong Joe 
Published: August 2018

The purpose of this study was to develop an analytical expression for a fractional motion (FM) diffusion model to characterize diffusion‐induced signal attenuation in a twice‐refocused spin‐echo (TRSE) sequence that is resilient to eddy currents, and to demonstrate its applicability to human brain imaging in vivo. Based on the FM theory, which provides a unified statistical description for Langevin motions, the diffusion‐weighted (DW) MR signal was measured with a TRSE sequence that balances the concomitant gradients. The analytical expression was fitted to a set of DW images acquired with 14 b‐values (0–4000 s/mm2) from a total of 10 healthy human subjects at 3 T, yielding three FM parameter maps based on anomalous diffusion coefficient Dφ, ψ, diffusion increment variance φ, and diffusion correlation ψ, respectively. These parameters were used to characterize different brain regions in gray matter (GM), white matter (WM), and cerebrospinal fluid. The analytical expression for the TRSE‐based FM model accurately described diffusion signal attenuation in healthy brain tissues at high b‐values. TRSE's robustness against eddy currents was illustrated by comparing results from an expression for a conventional Stejskal‐Tanner sequence. The TRSE‐based FM model also produced consistent GM‐WM contrast (p < 0.01) across all brain regions studied, whereas the consistency was not observed with the Stejskal‐Tanner‐based FM model. This new analytical expression is expected to enable further investigations to probe tissue structures by exploiting anomalous diffusion properties without being hindered by eddy‐current perturbations at high b‐values.
On the singular Neumann problem in linear elasticity
Authors: Kuchta Miroslav , Mardal Kent‐Andre , Mortensen Mikael 
Published: August 2018

SummaryThe Neumann problem of linear elasticity is singular with a kernel formed by the rigid motions of the body. There are several tricks that are commonly used to obtain a nonsingular linear system. However, they often cause reduced accuracy or lead to poor convergence of the iterative solvers. In this paper, different well‐posed formulations of the problem are studied through discretization by the finite element method, and preconditioning strategies based on operator preconditioning are discussed. For each formulation, we derive preconditioners that are independent of the discretization parameter. Preconditioners that are robust with respect to the first Lamé constant are constructed for the pure displacement formulations, whereas a preconditioner that is robust in both Lamé constants is constructed for the mixed formulation. It is shown that, for convergence in the first Sobolev norm, it is crucial to respect the orthogonality constraint derived from the continuous problem. On the basis of this observation, a modification to the conjugate gradient method is proposed, which achieves optimal error convergence of the computed solution.