bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topography Tuning for Plasmonic Color Enhancement via Picosecond Laser Bursts
Authors: Guay Jean‐Michel , Calà Lesina Antonino , Baxter Joshua , Killaire Graham , Ramunno Lora , Berini Pierre , Weck Arnaud 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe tuning of 3D topographical features on silver for the production of plasmonic colors is reported. The topography is produced by applying closely time‐spaced laser bursts. Using laser bursts increases the Chroma of the colors produced by up to 100% compared to the nonburst coloring method. By adjusting the energy distribution of the laser pulses in a burst, while maintaining the total burst energy constant, significantly different color palettes and topographical structures are produced. Scanning electron microscope analysis of the surfaces produced reveals the creation of three distinct sets of laser‐induced periodic‐like surface structures (LIPSS): low spatial frequency LIPSS (LSFL), high spatial frequency LIPSS (HSFL), and large LIPSS that have a period about 7× that of the laser wavelength. Two‐temperature model simulations of silver irradiated by a laser burst show a significant increase in the electron–phonon coupling which is mainly responsible for the creation of LIPSS. Finite‐difference time‐domain simulations of a model of the surface, consisting of nanoparticles arranged on a sinusoidal‐modulated surface of varying amplitude (0 to 150 nm) and period (200 and 1000 nm), elucidate the importance of the HSFL and LSFL structures for color formation, including the increase in Chroma (saturation) observed experimentally.
Ultrafast Multilevel Optical Tuning with CSb2Te3 Thin Films
Authors: Meng Yun , Behera Jitendra K. , Wen Shuai , Simpson Robert E. , Shi Jianjun , Wu Liangcai , Song Zhitang , Wei Jingsong , Wang Yang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTunable and reconfigurable functionalities are crucial for advanced photonic devices. In this study, CSb2Te3 is proposed as a new optical tuning material. Single‐shot picosecond laser pulses are used to transform the CSb2Te3 into six different optical states; each optical state can be achieved from any other state. The dielectric function for each optical state is unique and the switching is achieved on a picosecond time scale. The impact of the crystal structure on the optical tuning mechanism is studied using transmission electron microscopy and density functional theory. Second harmonic generation in the CSb2Te3 films indicates that the crystal orientation for the switched layer is influenced by the pump laser polarization. Thus electric field may provide a further degree of freedom to design phase change materials.
Bright Polariton Coumarin‐Based OLEDs Operating in the Ultrastrong Coupling Regime
Authors: Genco Armando , Ridolfo Alessandro , Savasta Salvatore , Patanè Salvatore , Gigli Giuseppe , Mazzeo Marco 
Published: June 2018

AbstractOrganic microcavities in strong and ultrastrong light–matter coupling regimes allow the exploration of intriguing quantum phenomena, such as Bose–Einstein condensation of exciton‐polaritons, even at room temperature. Nevertheless, electrically driven organic polariton devices have shown so far poor performances, insufficient for practical applications, mainly due to the lack of an effective approach to exploit the molecular properties in order to optimize the population mechanism of polariton states. Here, novel bright polariton organic light‐emitting diodes (OLED) are reported based on a coumarin dye, which showed coupling strengths up to 37%, entering in the ultrastrong coupling regime. Owing to a high molecular emission efficiency, a large Stokes shift, and a fine cavity‐exciton tuning, the radiative pumping mechanism of polariton states has been fully optimized, leading a large portion of excitons to be converted in polariton emission. The resulting polariton OLEDs showed external quantum efficiencies up to 0.2% and maximum luminance of 700 cd m−2, which are, to the best of our knowledge, the highest values reported so far for this class of devices. Furthermore, the findings give clear indications for an effective exploitation of organic polariton dynamics toward the development of novel optoelectronic devices.
Efficient Synthesis of Phthalimides via Cobalt‐Catalyzed C(sp2)−H Carbonylation of Benzoyl Hydrazides with Carbon Monoxide
Authors: Qiu Shuxian , Zhai Shengxian , Wang Huifei , Tao Cheng , Zhao Hua , Zhai Hongbin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA cobalt‐catalyzed C−H carbonylation of benzoyl hydrazides has been developed by using 2‐(1‐methylhydrazinyl)pyridine as the bidentate directing group. This transformation is mild, efficient, operationally simple, and highly functional‐group‐tolerant. The protocol has generated a broad range of phthalimide derivatives in good to excellent yields. The ligand moiety can be readily removed through hydrogenolysis.magnified image
Novel 2D Sb2S3 Nanosheet/CNT Coupling Layer for Exceptional Polysulfide Recycling Performance
Authors: Yao Shanshan , Cui Jiang , Huang Jian‐Qiu , Lu Ziheng , Deng Yang , Chong Woon Gie , Wu Junxiong , Ihsan Ul Haq Muhammad , Ciucci Francesco , Kim Jang‐Kyo 
Published: June 2018

Abstract2D layer‐structured materials are considered a promising candidate as a coupling material in lithium sulfur batteries (LSBs) due to their high surface‐volume ratio and abundant active binding sites, which can efficiently mitigate shuttling of soluble polysulfides. Herein, an electrochemical Li intercalation and exfoliation strategy is used to prepare 2D Sb2S3 nanosheets (SSNSs), which are incorporated onto a separator in LSBs as a new 2D coupling material for the first time. The cells containing a rationally designed separator which is coated with an SSNS/carbon nanotube (CNT) coupling layer deliver a much improved specific capacity with a remarkable 0.05% decay rate for over 200 cycles at a current density of 2 C. The capability of the SSNSs to entrap polysulfides through their favorable interfacial functionality and the high electrical conductivity of the CNT network facilitates recycling of active materials. The first‐principle calculations verify the important roles of SSNSs, which demonstrate ideal binding strengths (1.33–2.14 eV) to entrap Li2Sx as well as a low‐energy barrier (189 meV) for Li diffusion. These findings offer new insights into discovering novel coupling layers for high‐performance LSBs and shed new light on the application of 2D layer‐structured materials in energy storage systems.
Rational Architecture Design Enables Superior Na Storage in Greener NASICON‐Na4MnV(PO4)3 Cathode
Authors: Li Huangxu , Jin Ting , Chen Xiaobin , Lai Yanqing , Zhang Zhian , Bao Weizhai , Jiao Lifang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractNa3V2(PO4)3 has attracted great attention due to its high energy density and stable structure. However, in order to boost its application, the discharge potential of 3.3–3.4 V (vs Na+/Na) still needs to be improved and substitution of vanadium with other lower cost and earth‐abundant active redox elements is imperative. Therefore, the Na superionic conductor (NASICON)‐structured Na4MnV(PO4)3 seems to be more attractive due to its lower toxicity and higher voltage platform resulting from the partial substitution of V with Mn. However, Na4MnV(PO4)3 still suffers from poor electronic conductivity, leading to unsatisfactory capacity delivering and poor high‐rate capability. In this work, a graphene aerogel–supported in situ carbon–coated Na4MnV(PO4)3 material is synthesized through a feasible solution‐route method. The elaborately designed Na4MnV(PO4)3 can reach ≈380 Wh kg−1 at 0.5 C (1 C = 110 mAh g−1) and realize superior high‐rate capability evenat 50 C (60.1 mAh g−1) with a long cycle‐life of 4000 cycles at 20 C. This impressive progress should be ascribed to the multifunctional 3D carbon framework and the distinctive structure of trigonal Na4MnV(PO4)3, which are deeply investigated by both experiments and calculations.
A novel evaluation of density differences in subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue layers in pregnancy using elastography
Authors: Kennedy Narelle , Quinton Ann , Peek Michael John , Robledo Kristy , Benzie Ron , Nanan Ralph 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIntroductionChronic inflammation leads to adipose tissue (AT) fibrosis through excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins. An increasing degree of fibrosis in AT is associated with increasing body mass index (BMI) and insulin resistance. Anecdotally AT has been observed to vary with ease of ultrasound penetration on medical examinations. Ultrasound strain elastography (SE) is a useful tool in assessing fibrosis in liver disease but has not previously been used to assess AT fibrosis. This study assesses the variance in density of the two anatomical layers of subcutaneous AT, superficial subcutaneous adipose tissue (SSAT) and deep subcutaneous adipose tissue (DSAT) in pregnancy using SE.MethodWomen (n = 210) recruited in early pregnancy. Density of SSAT and DSAT were assessed using SE at five‐time points throughout pregnancy and post‐partum. Semi‐quantitative density measures were achieved using two methods, strain values (SV) of the two layers and ImageJ software to calculate the percentage colour pixels in the elastography image and correlated with the SSAT/DSAT thickness and BMI.ResultsAdipose tissue demonstrated a difference in density with the SSAT layer being denser than DSAT. Correlation of tissue density measures with BMI was poor. There was slight change of AT density during pregnancy with a tendency towards harder SSAT and softer DSAT in the third trimester. Post‐partum SSAT became softer associated with an increase in SSAT thickness.ConclusionElastography demonstrated density differences in adipose tissue. SE is a new method of assessing the AT demonstrating density differences in adipose tissue. Information on AT density may determine AT fibrosis and be valuable for metabolic disease risk.
Thinking Outside the Box—Novel Antibacterials To Tackle the Resistance Crisis
Authors: Lakemeyer Markus , Zhao Weining , Mandl Franziska A. , Hammann Peter , Sieber Stephan A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe public view on antibiotics as reliable medicines changed when reports about “resistant superbugs” appeared in the news. While reasons for this resistance development are easily spotted, solutions for re‐establishing effective antibiotics are still in their infancy. This Review encompasses several aspects of the antibiotic development pipeline from very early strategies to mature drugs. An interdisciplinary overview is given of methods suitable for mining novel antibiotics and strategies discussed to unravel their modes of action. Select examples of antibiotics recently identified by using these platforms not only illustrate the efficiency of these measures, but also highlight promising clinical candidates with therapeutic potential. Furthermore, the concept of molecules that disarm pathogens by addressing gatekeepers of virulence will be covered. The Review concludes with an evaluation of antibacterials currently in clinical development. Overall, this Review aims to connect select innovative antimicrobial approaches to stimulate interdisciplinary partnerships between chemists from academia and industry.
Self‐Assembly of Functional Discrete Three‐Dimensional Architectures in Water
Authors: Taylor Lauren L. K. , Riddell Imogen A. , Smulders Maarten M. J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractConstruction of discrete, self‐assembled architectures in water has gained significant interest in recent years as a wide range of applications arises from their defined 3D structure. In this review we jointly discuss the efforts of supramolecular chemists and biotechnologists who previously worked independently, to tackle discipline‐specific challenges associated with construction of assemblies from synthetic and bio‐derived components, respectively. Going forward, a more interdisciplinary research approach will expedite development of complexes with real‐world applications that exploit the benefits of compartmentalisation. In support of this, we summarise advances made in the development of discrete, water‐soluble assemblies, with particular focus on their current and prospective applications. Areas where understanding and methodologies can be transferred from one sector to the adjacent field are highlighted in anticipation this will yield advances not possible from either field alone.
Untangling the mechanism of 3‐methyladenine in enhancing the specific productivity: Transcriptome analysis of recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cells treated with 3‐methyladenine
Authors: Baek Eric , Lee Jae Seong , Lee Gyun Min 
Published: June 2018

Abstract3‐Methyladenine (3‐MA) is a chemical additive that enhances the specific productivity (q
p) in recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (rCHO) cell lines. Different from its widely known function of inhibiting autophagy, 3‐MA has instead shown to increase autophagic flux in various rCHO cell lines. Thus, the mechanism by which 3‐MA enhances the qp requires investigation. To evaluate the effect of 3‐MA on transcriptome dynamics in rCHO cells, RNA‐seq was performed with Fc‐fusion protein–producing rCHO cells treated with 3‐MA. By analyzing genes that were differentially expressed following the addition of 3‐MA during culture, the role of 3‐MA in the biological processes of rCHO cells was identified. One pathway markedly influenced by the addition of 3‐MA was the unfolded protein response (UPR). Having a close relationship with autophagy, the UPR reestablishes protein‐folding homeostasis under endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The addition of 3‐MA increased the expression of key regulators of the UPR, such as Atf4, Ddit3, and Creb3l3, further supporting the idea that the enhancement of ER capacity acts as a key in increasing the qp. Consequently, the downstream effectors of UPR, which include autophagy‐promoting genes, were upregulated as well. Hence, the role of 3‐MA in increasing UPR pathway could have made a salient contribution to the increased autophagic flux in rCHO cells. Taken together, transcriptome analysis improved the understanding of the role of 3‐MA in gene expression dynamics in rCHO cells and its mechanism in enhancing the qp.
Sb Nanoparticles Embedded in a Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Matrix with Tuned Voids and Interfacial Bonds for High‐Rate Lithium Storage
Authors: Wang Zhen‐Zhen , Qu Jin , Hao Shu‐Meng , Zhang Yu‐Jiao , Kong Fan‐Qiang , Yang Dongzhi , Yu Zhong‐Zhen 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThough metal based electrodes have good resistivity, their huge volume changes upon lithiation and interparticle contact resistance should be carefully stressed to achieve high rate lithium storage performances. A yolk‐hollow structure with a continuous conductive framework would solve above problems. Inspired by the yolk‐hollow structure and functions of watermelon‐flesh, we fabricated Sb/amorphous carbon/graphene nanocomposites, in which Sb nanoparticles are formed in‐situ inside the carbon nanocages that are homogeneously decorated on graphene and distributed in a continuous N‐doped amorphous carbon matrix. The generated Sb−O−C bonds improve the electron transfer rate; the carbon nanocages as mini‐electrochemical nanoreactors sustain the volume change; the conductive matrix reduces the contact resistance. The optimized nanocomposite delivers a remarkable reversible capacity of 592 mA h g−1 at 500 mA g−1 with a good cyclability for 400 cycles. A high capacity of 413 mA h g−1 is retained even after 700 cycles at 1000 mA g−1. Such a long cycle life at the high current density has rarely been reported so far for Sb‐based lithium‐ion battery anodes.
A comparative study of full‐duplex relaying schemes for low latency applications
Authors: Airod Fatima Ezzahra , Chafnaji Houda , Tamtaoui Ahmed 
Published: June 2018

SummaryVarious sectors are likely to carry a set of emerging applications while targeting a reliable communication with low latency transmission. To address this issue, upon a spectrally‐efficient transmission, this paper investigates the performance of a 1 full‐dulpex relay system and considers for that purpose, 2 basic relaying schemes, namely, the symbol‐by‐symbol transmission, i.e., amplify‐and‐forward and the block‐by‐block transmission, i.e., selective decode‐and‐forward. The conducted analysis presents an exhaustive comparison, covering both schemes, over 2 different transmission modes, i.e., the noncombining mode where the best link, direct, or relay link is decoded and the signals combining mode, where direct and relay links are combined at the receiver side. While targeting latency purpose as a necessity, simulations show a refined results of performed comparisons and reveal that amplify‐and‐forward relaying scheme is more adapted to combining mode, whereas the selective decode‐and‐forward relaying scheme is more suitable for noncombining mode.
Energy‐spectrum‐efficient three‐tier heterogeneous networks with D2D harvesting energy and uplink coverage analysis
Authors: Ji Shanshan , Jia Xiangdong , Fan Qiaoling , Xie Mangang , Zhou Meng 
Published: June 2018

SummaryTo guard the communication quality of cell edge users (CEUs) and simultaneously improve the energy‐spectrum efficiency, a novel 3‐tier heterogeneous network (HetNet) model is proposed, which consists of macro cells, femtocells, and device‐to‐device (D2D) networks. Specially, with a predefined cell split factor R, the macro cell users are split into as cell center users (CCUs) and CEUs, respectively. Correspondingly, the total available spectrum band consisting of N channels is divided into CCU band and CEU band with a given coefficient pm. The CCU band containing pmN subchannels is shared by CCUs and femtocell users (FUs), and the CEU band containing (1 − pm) N subchannels is shared by D2D users and CEUs. The perfect network synchronization is assumed, and a communication round consists of downlink transmission and uplink transmission phases. The battery‐free D2D terminals harvest energy from the ambient radio frequency interference in the downlink transmission phase based on inverse power control scheme and communicate in the uplink transmission phase only when they harvest enough energy to perform channel inversion toward the receiver. For such 3‐tier HetNets, by modeling the network elements as independent Poisson point processes (PPPs) and using stochastic geometry method, we first investigate the sufficiency probability that a D2D transmitter harvests enough energy to establish a communication link. Then, by combining sufficiency probability and channel access probability, the thinned independent PPPs for the locations of CCUs, CEUs, FUs, and D2D users are modeled. Based on these thinned PPP models, we perform a comprehensive investigation on the coverage probabilities of CCU, CEU, and FU uplinks as well as the D2D transmission. The simulated and numerical results show that using the presented cell split strategy enhances the performance of CCUs and CEUs because of the decrease of interference. The presented comparison analysis displays that the effect of D2D networks on the macro cell or the whole HetNets is limited and can be omitted. Therefore, the energy and spectrum efficiencies of networks are enhanced, simultaneously. At the same time, our results indicate that by using our derivations, we can perform the optimal design of the HetNets.
Influence of drought on plant performance through changes in belowground tritrophic interactions
Authors: Guyer Anouk , Hibbard Bruce E. , Holzkämper Annelie , Erb Matthias , Robert Christelle A. M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractClimate change is predicted to increase the risk of drought in many temperate agroecosystems. While the impact of drought on aboveground plant‐herbivore‐natural enemy interactions has been studied, little is known about its effects on belowground tritrophic interactions and root defense chemistry. We investigated the effects of low soil moisture on the interaction between maize, the western corn rootworm (WCR,Diabrotica virgifera), and soil‐borne natural enemies ofWCR. In a manipulative field experiment, reduced soil moisture andWCRattack reduced plant performance and increased benzoxazinoid levels. The negative effects ofWCRon cob dry weight and silk emergence were strongest at low moisture levels. Inoculation with entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs,Heterorhabditis bacteriophora) was ineffective in controllingWCR, and theEPNs died rapidly in the warm and dry soil. However, ants of the speciesSolenopsis molestainvaded the experiment, were more abundant inWCR‐infested pots and predatedWCRindependently of soil moisture. Ant presence increased root and shoot biomass and was associated with attenuated moisture‐dependent effects ofWCRon maize cob weight. Our study suggests that apart from directly reducing plant performance, drought can also increase the negative effects of root herbivores such asWCR. It furthermore identifiesS. molestaas a natural enemy ofWCRthat can protect maize plants from the negative impact of herbivory under drought stress. Robust herbivore natural enemies may play an important role in buffering the impact of climate change on plant‐herbivore interactions.
Plastic responses to competition: Does bacteriocin production increase in the presence of nonself competitors?
Authors: Bhattacharya Amrita , Pak Hannah Tae‐Young , Bashey Farrah 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAnticompetitor traits such as the production of allelopathic toxins can confer significant competitive benefits but are often costly to produce. Evolution of these traits may be facilitated by environment‐specific induction; however, the extent to which costly anticompetitor traits are induced by competitors is not well explored. Here, we addressed this question using bacteriocins, which are highly specific, proteinaceous anticompetitor toxins, produced by most lineages of bacteria and archaea. We tested the prediction that bacteriocin production is phenotypically plastic and induced by the presence of competitors by examining bacteriocin production in the presence and absence of nonself competitors over the course of growth of a producing strain. Our results show that bacteriocin production is detectable only at high cell densities, when competition for resources is high. However, the amount of bacteriocin activity was not significantly different in the presence vs. the absence of nonself competitors. These results suggest that bacteriocin production is either (a) canalized, constitutively produced by a fixed frequency of cells in the population or (b) induced by generic cues of competition, rather than specific self/nonself discrimination. Such a nonspecific response to competition could be favored in the natural environment where competition is ubiquitous.