bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicted effects of climate factors on mountain species are not uniform over different spatial scales
Authors: Brambilla Mattia , Gustin Marco , Cento Michele , Ilahiane Luca , Celada Claudio 
Published: August 2019

The selection of relevant factors and appropriate spatial scale(s) is fundamental when modelling species response to climate change. We evaluated whether the effects of climate factors on species distribution/occurrence are consistently modelled over different spatial scales in birds, and used a two‐scale approach to identify species–climate correlations unlikely to represent causal effects.We used passerine birds inhabiting mountain grassland in the Apennines (Italy) as a model. We surveyed four grassland species at 400 sampling points, and built habitat selection models (territory scale) and distribution models (seven algorithms, landscape scale). We compared the effect of climatic predictors on occurrence/distribution highlighted by models over the two spatial scales, and with the effects supposed a priori based on the climatic niche of each species.Models at the territory level included at least one climatic predictor for three species; the observed effect of climatic predictors was seldom consistent with supposed effects. At the broadest scale, distribution models for all species included climatic predictors, with varying consistence with supposed effects and findings at the finer scale.Despite the importance of climate for species distribution, occurrence could be more directly related to other factors, with important implications for understanding/predicting the impacts of climate/environmental changes. Our approach revealed key variables for grassland birds, and highlighted the scale‐dependent perceived importance of climate. At the local scale, climate effects were weak or hard to interpret. We found a general lack of consistence between supposed and observed effects at the territory level, and between landscape and territory models. Our results show the importance of predicting the potential effect of climatic factors prior to the analyses, carefully selecting ecologically meaningful variables and scales, and evaluating the nature and scale of climate–species links. We call for caution when predicting under future climates, especially when mechanistic effects and consistency across scales are lacking.
Functionality of chestnut and fat/oil contents in cocoa chestnut cream production—A new product development
Authors: Aydemir Oğuz , Atalar İlyas 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe textural, rheological, and sensory characteristics of cocoa chestnut cream containing different fat/oil and chestnut ratios were examined within present research. Two different chestnut (7.5 and 10%) and fat/oil ratios (25.75 and 28.25%) were used in laboratory scale model manufacturing. As the rate of chestnut increased, accelerated oil separation and yield stress values increased, conversely stickiness, apparent viscosity, plastic viscosity, consistency index values, and body‐texture score decreased. As the fat/oil content increased, it was observed that oil separation value and body‐texture score increased, while spreadability, stickiness, apparent viscosity and plastic viscosity, and consistency index values decreased. It was found that there was no significant effect of fat/oil content on flow behavior, flavor–aroma, and color–appearance. The chestnut content had no significant effect on technological parameters measured. It is concluded that the most preferred chestnut cream has 10% chestnut and 28.25% oil/fat content.Practical ApplicationsThis study showed the effects of different fat/oil and chestnut contents on technological characteristics of cocoa chestnut cream as a new product. The development of cocoa chestnut cream would increase utilization of chestnut as a food, offer an alternative food product to consumer, and provide economic contribution to the chestnut grower. Moreover, this new product will be an alternative food for the customers that suffers from hazelnut/peanut allergy and celiac disease.
What Matters? The Valued Life Activities of Older Adults Undergoing Elective Surgery
Authors: Kata Anna , Dutt Meghan , Sudore Rebecca L. , Finlayson Emily , Broering Jeanette M. , Tang Victoria L. 
Published: August 2019

OBJECTIVESValued life activities are those activities an individual deems particularly important or meaningful. Surgery in older adults can affect their ability to perform valued activities, but data are lacking. We characterized these activities and assessed performance of them following surgery.DESIGNRetrospective observational study.SETTINGPreoperative program for older adults undergoing elective surgery at an academic hospital.PARTICIPANTSOlder adults (N = 194) in the program from February 2015 to February 2018.MEASUREMENTSA preoperative written questionnaire asked, “What are the activities that are most important to you to be able to do when you return home from surgery?” Participants could list up to three activities. Content analysis was used to develop domains of valued life activities and categorize responses. Postoperative questionnaires and medical records were used to determine ability to perform activities 6 months after surgery.RESULTSOf 194 participants (mean age = 74.9 ± 9.1 y), 57.7% were female; 33.5% had more than two comorbid conditions. We elicited 510 valued activities, with a mean of 2.6 (± .7) activities per participant. Content analysis revealed five categories: (1) recreational activities (28.9%); (2) mobility (24.9%); (3) activities of daily living (ADLs; 17.5%); (4) instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs; 16.9%); and (5) social activities (12.0%). Ultimately, 154 participants had surgery, of which 27.3% were unable to perform one of their valued activities at 6 months. Performance varied between activity categories; 91.9% of mobility activities, 90.8% of ADLs, 80.3% of IADLs, 77.3% of social activities, and 65.5% of recreational activities were able to be performed after surgery.CONCLUSIONOlder adults expressed a wide range of valued life activities. More than one‐quarter were unable to engage in at least one valued life activity after surgery, with recreation the most commonly affected. Assessment of valued life activities should be incorporated into the perioperative management of older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:2305–2310, 2019
Maternity Care for Pregnant Women with Opioid Use Disorder: A Review
Authors: Rizk Abigail H. , Simonsen Sara E. , Roberts Leissa , Taylor‐Swanson Lisa , Lemoine Jennifer Berkowicz , Smid Marcela 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOpioid misuse is a problem that is complex and widespread. Opioid misuse rates are rising across all US demographics, including among pregnant women. The opioid epidemic brings a unique set of challenges for maternity health care providers, ranging from ethical considerations to the complex health needs and risks for both woman and fetus. This article addresses care for pregnant women during the antepartum, intrapartum, and postpartum periods through the lens of the opioid epidemic, including screening and counseling, an interprofessional approach to prenatal care, legal considerations, and considerations for care during labor and birth and postpartum. Providers can be trained to identify at‐risk women through the evidence‐based process of Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) and connect them with the appropriate care to optimize outcomes. Women at moderate risk of opioid use disorder can be engaged in a brief conversation with their provider to discuss risks and enhance motivation for healthy behaviors. Women with risky opioid use can be given a warm referral to pharmacologic treatment programs, ideally comprehensive prenatal treatment programs where available (a warm referral is a term used when a provider, with the patient's permission, contacts another provider or another service him or herself rather than providing a phone number and referral number). Evidence regarding care for the pregnant woman with opioid use disorder and practical clinical recommendations are provided.
The Dynamics of Embedded Rules: How Do Rule Networks Affect Knowledge Uptake of Rules in Healthcare?
Authors: Zhu Kejia , Schulz Martin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRules – in organizations and elsewhere – often become connected to other rules pertinent to similar or related action, and often they form rule networks that structure entire organizations and jurisdictions. Although rule networks are a common phenomenon, their effects on rule change have found little attention so far. How do rules change when they become embedded in rule networks? We build on prior conceptions of performance programs, organizational learning, and organizational knowledge to explore how rule network characteristics affect different types of knowledge uptake revisions of rules. Our analysis is quantitative and longitudinal and draws on archival data of clinical practice guidelines in a Canadian regional healthcare organization. Our findings indicate that the inbound networks of guidelines significantly affect their revisions. Our study suggests that rule networks shape the speed and direction of knowledge uptake of rules. Rules are dynamic, and their elaboration is path dependent and network dependent.
Impacts of platelet‐rich fibrin and platelet‐rich plasma on primary osteoblast adhesion onto titanium implants in a bisphosphonate in vitro model
Authors: Steller Daniel , Herbst Nele , Pries Ralph , Juhl David , Klinger Matthias , Hakim Samer G. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundOsteoblast adhesion is a crucial step in osseointegration of dental implants and can be influenced by modification of implant surface or the addition of bioactive agents. Bisphosphonates affect bone turnover, attenuating bone healing in implants patients. PRP and PRF are sources of growth factors involved in osteoblast adhesion, improving subsequent bone healing. The aim of the study was to investigate the impacts of PRP and PRF on adhesion of bisphosphonate‐pretreated osteoblasts on titanium implant surfaces using the cell‐count wash assay, the MTT‐assay as well as real‐time‐cell analyser assay and scanning electronic microscopy.MethodsTitanium implants were colonised for 24 hours with osteoblasts and zolendronic acid, PRP or PRF in different combinations. Afterwards, primary osteoblast adhesion was evaluated by counting the number of attached cells using a wash‐assay cell analysis. Scanning electronic microscopy was performed and evaluated semi‐quantitatively to assess the influence of the different groups on the ultrastructural cell morphology, such as cell size and shape as well as length and number of filopodia.ResultsZoledronic acid led to a decrease of osteoblast adherence onto implant surface. This effect was reversed by adding PRP or PRF. Scanning electronic microscopy showed that both PRP and PRF increased number and length of filopodia in adherent osteoblasts.ConclusionsZoledronic acid decreased osteoblast adhesion on implant surfaces, and PRF as well as PRP increased primary adhesion of zoledronic acid‐treated osteoblasts on implant surfaces in vitro. Therefore, PRP and PRF may improve initial bone apposition and primary healing of dental implants in patients with bisphosphonate treatment.
Obesity and periodontitis are not associated in pregnant women
Authors: Gomes‐Filho Isaac S. , Batista Josicélia Estrela Tuy , Trindade Soraya Castro , Passos‐Soares Johelle de Santana , Cerqueira Eneida de Moraes Marcílio , Costa Teresinha Silveira da , Figueiredo Ana Claudia Morais Godoy , Costa Maria da Conceição Nascimento , Adan Luis Fernando Fernandes , Orrico Gessica Santana , Porto Edla Carvalho Lima , Pimenta Rodolfo Macedo Cruz , Scannapieco Frank A. , Loomer Peter Michael , Cruz Simone Seixas da 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate an association between obesity (exposure) and periodontitis (outcome) in pregnant women.BackgroundThis association was investigated and only five studies were identified as showing a positive association. However, some of these studies had limitations such as reduced sample sizes, inadequate exposure criteria and outcome measures, which question the internal validity of these investigations.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was carried out with a sample of 644 pregnant women of the public health service of the municipality of Santo Antônio de Jesus, Bahia, Brazil. Data were obtained by collecting of socioeconomic‐demographic information, health behavior, health conditions, and reproductive history through an interview. Obesity was evaluated using body mass index adjusted for gestational age and expected weight gain. The diagnosis of periodontitis followed two criteria: (a) Center for Disease Prevention and Control and American Academy of Periodontology (CDC/AAP); (b) Gomes‐Filho et al (2018) using criterion that also evaluated bleeding upon probing; Prevalence ratios and respective 95% confidence intervals were obtained by Poisson regression analysis.ResultsIn accordance with the outcome diagnostic criterion, the frequency of periodontitis was 17.24% (Gomes‐Filho et al) and 66.92% (CDC/AAP). The participants were classified as low weight (19.72%), adequate weight (42.39%), overweight (24.84%), and obesity (13.04%), based on the exposure diagnostic criterion. The low weight and overweight groups were excluded from the data analysis, giving a final sample of 357 pregnant women. The association between obesity in pregnant women and periodontitis was not statistically significant, after adjusting for confounders such as age, schooling level, alcoholic beverage consumption, alimentary and nutritional orientation, urinary infection, and dental flossing.ConclusionsThe findings showed a high frequency of periodontitis, obesity, and overweight in the studied population but no association between obesity and periodontitis in pregnant women was found.
Dietary spectrum in Himalayan wolves: comparative analysis of prey choice in conspecifics across high‐elevation rangelands of Asia
Authors: Balajeid Lyngdoh S. , Habib B. , Shrotriya S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Himalayan wolf is one of the most basal among wolf lineages in the world today. It inhabits mostly the high elevations, northwards from the Himalayas (1500–5000 m) in the Asian region. We conducted a meta‐analysis to understand the dietary habits of Himalayan wolves and wolves of the high rangelands of Asia from seven countries (n = 22). We found 39 different prey items reported across the distribution of the Himalayan wolf from a total of 2331 scats (average of 105.95 ± 20.10 scats per study). Comparison of the relative frequency of occurrence of different prey species shows that domestic prey consumption (48.21 ± 5.61%) across the zones or continent was similar to wild prey consumption (42.94 ± 5.25%). Small wild prey species constituted approximately (24.53 ± 3.77%) of the total wolf diet. Wolves of the Asian Highlands consumed relatively more large prey (40.01 ± 5.42%) than small prey (25.19 ± 3.85%) or medium‐sized prey (23.17 ± 3.78%). Wolves consumed a larger proportion of domestic (54.92 ± 5.94%) than wild prey (36.13 ± 6.12%) in areas that had regular livestock grazing and vice versa. East, west and central Himalayan and Central Asian wolves consumed mostly large wild and domestic prey. On the contrary, wolves in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, Inner Mongolia and the Karakoram consumed a relatively higher proportion of smaller‐sized prey and livestock. Overall, wolves utilized mostly domestic livestock and marmots (Ivlev’s index, 0.22–0.77). High localized utilization of Przewalski’s horse (Equus ferus przewalkskii, 0.94) was recorded, whereas Goral (N. goral) and Pika (Ochotona spp) were particularly underutilized (−0.99 and −0.92) in wolf diet. A landscape or trans‐boundary approach is advocated to restore natural large wild prey, for such a relic lineage species and reduce human‐wolf conflicts.
Ecology and natural history of swimming pitcher mites (Creutzeria spp., Histiostomatidae) from the traps of Nepenthes pitcher plants
Authors: Lam W. N. , Ling J. , Lum T. Q. H. , Tan H. T. W. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPitcher plants of the genus Nepenthes trap and digest invertebrate prey to supplement their nutrient requirements using fluid‐containing, modified leaves known as ‘pitchers’. Pitchers are habitats to many aquatic metazoan and microbial species known as ‘inquilines’. Mites (Histiostomatidae) are a common but poorly studied inquiline taxon – little is known of their life cycles and their interactions with other inquiline taxa. The objectives of this study were to (1) investigate interspecific interactions between inquiline Creutzeria mites, microbes and Endonepenthia schuitemakeri (Diptera: Phoridae) (2) quantify the net nutritional benefit of Creutzeria mites and other inquilines on Nepenthes gracilis nitrogen sequestration and (3) determine if E. schuitemakeri can act as dispersal agents for Creutzeria mites. In the first part of the study, Creutzeria mites were reared in vitro under simulated pitcher conditions for varying lengths of time. Their populations were found to increase exponentially with time, peaking 24.2 days into the experiment and decreasing thereafter. In the second experiment, in vitro experiments were established with different combinations of E. schuitemakeri larvae, ant prey biomass, ant prey species and Creutzeria mite addition. Mite population, fluid microbe density and total pitcher‐available nitrogen were measured at the end of 24 days as determined in the first part of the study. Confirmatory path analyses suggested that Creutzeria mites competed with microbes for prey resources (negative effect of microbe density on mite population) were not facilitated by E. schuitemakeri (no effect of E. schuitemakeri on mite population) and had a neutral to negative effect on pitcher nutrient sequestration (weak negative effect of mite population on pitcher‐available nitrogen). However, Creutzeria deutonymphs could not be found on any of the E. schuitemakeri adults emerged during the experiments, suggesting these utilize other inquiline species as dispersal agents, or require environmental/stress trigger factors to form deutonymphs.
Early alpha‐foetoprotein response associated with treatment efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Shao Yu‐Yun , Liu Tsung‐Hao , Hsu Chiun , Lu Li‐Chun , Shen Yin‐Chung , Lin Zhong‐Zhe , Cheng Ann‐Lii , Hsu Chih‐Hung 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundPost‐treatment decline in serum alpha‐foetoprotein (AFP) levels has been shown to predict the treatment efficacy of antiangiogenic therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We explored whether a decline in AFP levels was also associated with treatment outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in patients with advanced HCC.MethodsWe reviewed all patients who received ICI therapy for advanced HCC. AFP response was evaluated in patients with the pretreatment AFP level of >20 ng/mL. We defined early AFP response as a >20% decline in serum AFP levels within the first 4 weeks of treatment initiation relative to pretreatment levels. We then studied whether early AFP response was associated with treatment outcomes.ResultsSixty patients were enrolled in this study; 43 of them were evaluable for early AFP response. The objective response rate of early AFP responders was significantly higher than that of early AFP nonresponders (73% vs. 14%,P < .001). Early AFP responders, compared with early AFP nonresponders, exhibited significantly longer overall survival (OS) (median, 28.0 vs 11.2 months,P = .048) and progression‐free survival (PFS) (median, 15.2 vs 2.7 months,P = .002). After adjusting for other clinicopathological variables and treatments, early AFP response remained an independent predictor for longer OS (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.089, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.018‐0.441;P = .003) and PFS (HR = 0.128, 95% CI = 0.041‐0.399;P < .001).ConclusionEarly AFP response was associated with higher treatment efficacy of ICIs for advanced HCC. Additional validation studies are nonetheless warranted.
Acidic pH promotes lipopolysaccharide modification and alters colonization in a bacteria–animal mutualism
Authors: Schwartzman Julia A. , Lynch Jonathan B. , Flores Ramos Stephany , Zhou Lawrence , Apicella Michael A. , Yew Joanne Y. , Ruby Edward G. 
Published: August 2019

SummaryEnvironmental pH can be an important cue for symbiotic bacteria as they colonize their eukaryotic hosts. Using the model mutualism between the marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri and the Hawaiian bobtail squid, we characterized the bacterial transcriptional response to acidic pH experienced during the shift from planktonic to host‐associated lifestyles. We found several genes involved in outer membrane structure were differentially expressed based on pH, indicating alterations in membrane physiology as V. fischeri initiates its symbiotic program. Exposure to host‐like pH increased the resistance of V. fischeri to the cationic antimicrobial peptide polymixin B, which resembles antibacterial molecules that are produced by the squid to select V. fischeri from the ocean microbiota. Using a forward genetic screen, we identified a homolog of eptA, a predicted phosphoethanolamine transferase, as critical for antimicrobial defense. We used MALDI‐MS to verify eptA as an ethanolamine transferase for the lipid‐A portion of V. fischeri lipopolysaccharide. We then used a DNA pulldown approach to discover that eptA transcription is activated by the global regulator H‐NS. Finally, we revealed that eptA promotes successful squid colonization by V. fischeri, supporting its potential role in initiation of this highly specific symbiosis.
Increase in lysophosphatidate acyltransferase activity in oilseed rape (Brassica napus) increases seed triacylglycerol content despite its low intrinsic flux control coefficient
Authors: Woodfield Helen K. , Fenyk Stepan , Wallington Emma , Bates Ruth E. , Brown Alexander , Guschina Irina A. , Marillia Elizabeth‐France , Taylor David C. , Fell David , Harwood John L. , Fawcett Tony 
Published: August 2019

Summary

Lysophosphatidate acyltransferase (LPAAT) catalyses the second step of the Kennedy pathway for triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis. In this study we expressed Trapaeolum majus LPAAT in Brassica napus (B. napus) cv 12075 to evaluate the effects on lipid synthesis and estimate the flux control coefficient for LPAAT.

We estimated the flux control coefficient of LPAAT in a whole plant context by deriving a relationship between it and overall lipid accumulation, given that this process is a exponential.

Increasing LPAAT activity resulted in greater TAG accumulation in seeds of between 25% and 29%; altered fatty acid distributions in seed lipids (particularly those of the Kennedy pathway); and a redistribution of label from 14C‐glycerol between phosphoglycerides.

Greater LPAAT activity in seeds led to an increase in TAG content despite its low intrinsic flux control coefficient on account of the exponential nature of lipid accumulation that amplifies the effect of the small flux increment achieved by increasing its activity. We have also developed a novel application of metabolic control analysis likely to have broad application as it determines the in planta flux control that a single component has upon accumulation of storage products.