bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consequences of shade management on the taxonomic patterns and functional diversity of termites (Blattodea: Termitidae) in cocoa agroforestry systems
Authors: Felicitas Ambele C. , Hervé Bisseleua D. B. , Ekesi Sunday , Akutse Komivi S. , Djuideu Christian T. C. L. , Meupia Marie J. , Babalola Olubukola O. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTermites have gained importance as major pests in cocoa agroforests. Proper identification of termite species and knowledge on their functional diversity are the first steps in developing environmentally compatible management strategies. We tested the hypothesis that patterns of termite species richness in different cocoa agroforests is related to responses by termite functional groups to changes in shade management. We compared termite assemblages under five cocoa agroforestry systems in Cameroon to assess the impact of shade on termite taxonomic and functional group diversity. Sampling was done using a modified standardized transect method. Two 30 × 30 m quadrates each divided into three transects were laid in four farms at each site. Termites sampled were identified and grouped according to habitats, functional groups, and feeding habits. Sixty‐nine termite species in 33 genera and five subfamilies under two families were sampled. Termitidae was the most dominant family and Rhinotermitidae the least dominant with few species. Termite species richness decreased significantly from the heavy shaded cocoa agroforests (44 species) to the full sun (11 species). Functional group pattern differed significantly in all the cocoa agroforests and within each agroforestry system and dominated by wood and litter feeder species. Many species belonging to this group were responsible to most damages on cocoa trees. Both the richness of termite pests and marketable yield followed a quadratic curve and were found to be lowest and highest in plots with shade cover above 40%. The simulated optimal shade levels for low termite infestations and marketable yield overlapped between 45% and 65% indicating that cocoa agroforestry systems with around 55% shade cover may be optimal to balance termite infestations and marketable yield. Shade maintenance in cocoa agroforests is valuable in reducing termite pest species and conserving soil feeding termites which provide beneficial ecosystem services.
Prevalence of underlying gastrointestinal malignancies in iron‐deficient heart failure
Authors: Martens Pieter , Minten Lennert , Dupont Matthias , Mullens Wilfried 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimsAnaemia and iron deficiency (ferritin level < 100 or 100–300 μg/L with transferrin saturation < 20%) are prevalent in heart failure. Mechanistically, iron deficiency is linked to poor intestinal uptake, increased intestinal loss, and chronic inflammation. However, the prevalence of underlying gastrointestinal malignancies is not established in iron‐deficient heart failure with or without anaemia.Methods and resultsPatients followed up in a single‐centre, heart failure database with baseline registration of haemoglobin and iron status were retrospectively evaluated. The proportion of patients undergoing upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopy between inclusion and censoring was determined. Afterwards, the prevalence of biopsy that confirmed intestinal malignancies in relation to baseline iron and haemoglobin status was determined. Anaemia was defined as a haemoglobin level <12 g/dL, and iron deficiency according to the aforementioned criteria. Of the 1197 patients in the database, 699 (59%) patients underwent full endoscopic workup over a mean follow‐up of 50 ± 27 months. A total of 50 intestinal malignancies were identified (n = 42, 84%, in iron‐deficient vs. n = 8, 16%, non‐iron‐deficient patients; P < 0.001). The prevalence of intestinal malignancies was non‐statistically different in iron‐deficient patients with anaemia (n = 12/129, 9.3%) or without anaemia (n = 30/287, 10.5%; P = 0.551). The prevalence was much lower in patients without iron deficiency with anaemia (n = 5/83, 6%) or without anaemia (n = 3/200, 1.5%). In patients with iron deficiency but without anaemia (a group in which the role of endoscopic workup is less established), ferritin levels carried an inverse diagnostic capacity in detecting patients with an underlying malignancy (area under the curve = 0.741, P < 0.001). A ferritin level < 56 μg/L had the best acuity, detecting malignancies with a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 71%.ConclusionsEndoscopic evaluation is warranted in heart failure patients with iron‐deficient anaemia given the high prevalence of underlying intestinal malignancies, as advised by gastroenterology guidelines. However, additional research is needed assessing the best approach to patients with iron deficiency without anaemia, given the high occurrence of intestinal malignancies in these patients. A lower ferritin level could potentially help stratify the need for an endoscopic workup in these patients.
Unraveling the Complexity of Milk Fat Globules to Tailor Bioinspired Emulsions Providing Health Benefits: The Key Role Played by the Biological Membrane
Authors: Lopez Christelle , Cauty Chantal , Guyomarc'h Fanny 
Published: November 2018

Many food products are oil in water (O/W) emulsions. Milk has the specificity to be a natural O/W emulsion secreted by the lactating cells. The milk fat globules are recognized as being efficient conveyors of energy in the form of triacylglycerols and of bioactive molecules, specifically provided by the biological membrane, the MFGM, which is the interface with the gastrointestinal tract. However, the MFGM is altered in many processed dairy products and is currently absent from standard infant milk formulas. The objectives of this invited article are to evaluate whether the specific composition and structure of the MFGM and milk polar lipid assemblies, associated with their nutritional and health benefits, could be used to tailor functional emulsions bioinspired by the MFGM‐coated milk fat globules. Recent knowledge about the structure of the MFGM revealing the heterogeneous distribution of proteins and the formation of ordered lipid domains rich in milk sphingomyelin and cholesterol is presented. The impacts of the unique composition and biophysical properties of milk polar lipids on the structure and potential functions of the MFGM are highlighted. Facing the evidence of both the functional and health benefits provided by the MFGM, the preparation of MFGM‐enriched ingredients from dairy products has recently attracted wide attention. The utilization of MFGM components to tailor the surface of processed lipid droplets in food emulsions and to develop new products providing health benefits is discussed.The biological membrane surrounding milk fat globules, the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM), is of special interest for its functional and health benefits. However, the MFGM is altered in many processed dairy products and is currently absent from standard infant milk formulas, in which the processed lipid droplets are coated by milk proteins. The preparation of MFGM‐enriched ingredients from dairy products is possible at the industrial scale. The utilization of MFGM components to tailor the surface of processed lipid droplets in food emulsions will permit the development of new products providing health benefits.
Multi‐objective performance optimization of irreversible molten carbonate fuel cell–Stirling heat engine–reverse osmosis and thermodynamic assessment with ecological objective approach
Authors: Ahmadi Mohammad H. , Sameti Mohammad , Pourkiaei Seyed M. , Ming Tingzhen , Pourfayaz Fathollah , Chamkha Ali J. , Oztop Hakan F. , Jokar Mohammad Ali 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis paper aims to investigate a hybrid cycle consisting of a molten carbonate fuel cell (FC) and a Stirling engine which, by connecting to a seawater reverse osmosis desalination unit, provides fresh water. First, a parametric evaluation is performed to study the effect of some key parameters, including the current density and the working temperature of the FC and the thermal conductance between the working substance and the heat reservoirs in the Stirling engine, on the objective functions. The objective functions include the energy efficiency, the exergy destruction rate density, the fresh water production rate, and the ecological function density. After investigating each double combination of these objective functions, two scenarios are defined in quest to concurrently optimize three functions together. The first scenario aims to optimize the energy efficiency, the exergy destruction rate density, and the fresh water production rate; and the second scenario attempts to optimize the energy efficiency, the fresh water production rate, and the ecological function density. A multi‐objective evolutionary algorithm joined with the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA‐II) approach is employed to obtain Pareto fronts in each case scenario. In order to ascertain final solutions between Pareto fronts, three fast and robust decision‐making methods are employed including TOPSIS, LINMAP, and Fuzzy. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is conducted to critically analyze the performance of the system.
Accounting for heteroscedasticity and censoring in chromosome partitioning analyses
Authors: Kemppainen Petri , Husby Arild 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA fundamental assumption in quantitative genetics is that traits are controlled by many loci of small effect. Using genomic data, this assumption can be tested using chromosome partitioning analyses, where the proportion of genetic variance for a trait explained by each chromosome (h2c), is regressed on its size. However, as h2c-estimates are necessarily positive (censoring) and the variance increases with chromosome size (heteroscedasticity), two fundamental assumptions of ordinary least squares (OLS) regression are violated. Using simulated and empirical data we demonstrate that these violations lead to incorrect inference of genetic architecture. The degree of bias depends mainly on the number of chromosomes and their size distribution and is therefore specific to the species; using published data across many different species we estimate that not accounting for this effect overall resulted in 28% false positives. We introduce a new and computationally efficient resampling method that corrects for inflation caused by heteroscedasticity and censoring and that works under a large range of dataset sizes and genetic architectures in empirical datasets. Our new method substantially improves the robustness of inferences from chromosome partitioning analyses.
17‐Beta Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase 13 Is a Hepatic Retinol Dehydrogenase Associated With Histological Features of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Ma Yanling , Belyaeva Olga V. , Brown Philip M. , Fujita Koji , Valles Katherine , Karki Suman , de Boer Ynto S. , Koh Christopher , Chen Yanhua , Du Xiaomeng , Handelman Samuel K. , Chen Vincent , Speliotes Elizabeth K. , Nestlerode Cara , Thomas Emmanuel , Kleiner David E. , Zmuda Joseph M. , Sanyal Arun J. ,   (for the Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Clinical Research Network), Kedishvili Natalia Y. , Liang T. Jake , Rotman Yaron 
Published: November 2018

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common cause of chronic liver disease. A single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs6834314, was associated with serum liver enzymes in the general population, presumably reflecting liver fat or injury. We studied rs6834314 and its nearest gene, 17‐beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 13 (HSD17B13), to identify associations with histological features of NAFLD and to characterize the functional role of HSD17B13 in NAFLD pathogenesis. The minor allele of rs6834314 was significantly associated with increased steatosis but decreased inflammation, ballooning, Mallory‐Denk bodies, and liver enzyme levels in 768 adult Caucasians with biopsy‐proven NAFLD and with cirrhosis in the general population. We found two plausible causative variants in the HSD17B13 gene. rs72613567, a splice‐site SNP in high linkage with rs6834314 (r
2 = 0.94) generates splice variants and shows a similar pattern of association with NAFLD histology. Its minor allele generates simultaneous expression of exon 6‐skipping and G‐nucleotide insertion variants. Another SNP, rs62305723 (encoding a P260S mutation), is significantly associated with decreased ballooning and inflammation. Hepatic expression of HSD17B13 is 5.9‐fold higher (P = 0.003) in patients with NAFLD. HSD17B13 is targeted to lipid droplets, requiring the conserved amino acid 22‐28 sequence and amino acid 71‐106 region. The protein has retinol dehydrogenase (RDH) activity, with enzymatic activity dependent on lipid droplet targeting and cofactor binding site. The exon 6 deletion, G insertion, and naturally occurring P260S mutation all confer loss of enzymatic activity. Conclusion: We demonstrate the association of variants in HSD17B13 with specific features of NAFLD histology and identify the enzyme as a lipid droplet–associated RDH; our data suggest that HSD17B13 plays a role in NAFLD through its enzymatic activity.
On heteroclinic solutions for BVPs involving ‐Laplacian operators without asymptotic or growth assumptions
Authors: Minhós Feliz 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this paper we consider the second order discontinuous equation in the real line,
urn:x-wiley:0025584X:media:mana201700470:mana201700470-math-0002with ϕ an increasing homeomorphism such that and , with , for , a L1‐Carathéodory function and verifying an adequate relation. We remark that the existence of heteroclinic solutions is obtained without asymptotic or growth assumptions on the nonlinearities ϕ and f. Moreover, as far as we know, our main result is even new when , that is, for the equation
urn:x-wiley:0025584X:media:mana201700470:mana201700470-math-0011
Whole exome sequencing identifies novel predisposing genes in neural tube defects
Authors: Lemay Philippe , De Marco Patrizia , Traverso Monica , Merello Elisa , Dionne‐Laporte Alexandre , Spiegelman Dan , Henrion Édouard , Diallo Ousmane , Audibert François , Michaud Jacques L. , Cama Armando , Rouleau Guy A. , Kibar Zoha , Capra Valeria 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundNeural tube defects (NTD) are among the most common defects affecting 1:1000 births. They are caused by a failure of neural tube closure during development. Their clinical presentation is diverse and dependent on the site and severity of the original defect on the embryonic axis. The etiology of NTD is multifactorial involving environmental factors and genetic variants that remain largely unknown.MethodsWe have conducted a whole exome sequencing (WES) study in five new NTD families and pooled the results with WES data from three NTD families and 43 trios that were previously investigated by our group. We analyzed the data using biased candidate gene and unbiased gene burden approaches.ResultsWe identified four novel loss‐of‐function variants in three genes, MTHFR, DLC1, and ITGB1, previously associated with NTD. Notably, DLC1 carried two protein truncating variants in two independent cases. We also demonstrated an enrichment of variants in MYO1E involved in cytoskeletal remodeling. This enrichment reached borderline significance in a replication cohort supporting the association of this new candidate gene to NTD.ConclusionThese data provide some key insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of human NTD and demonstrate the power of next‐generation sequencing in deciphering the genetics of this complex trait.
Return of secondary findings in genomic sequencing: Military implications
Authors: Hellwig Lydia D. , Turner Clesson , Manolio Teri A. , Haigney Mark , James Cynthia A. , Murray Brittney , Szpisjak Dale F. , Muldoon Sheila , Estrada‐Veras Juvianee , Krokosky Alyson , De Castro Mauricio J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundGenomic sequencing has become a widely used tool in clinical and research settings in both civilian and military healthcare systems.MethodsIn this paper, we consider potential military‐specific implications of returning genomic sequencing secondary findings to ensure the proper protections, policies, and processes are in place for the use of this information.ResultsWe specifically use two examples to highlight potential military implications of the return of secondary findings.ConclusionClinicians and researchers are strongly encouraged to consider the military implications of the return of results for informed consent of service members or their families undergoing clinical or research genomic sequencing.
Replacement of Menhaden Fish Meal by Poultry By-Product Meal in the Diet of Juvenile Red Porgy
Authors: Hill James C , Alam Md Shah , Watanabe Wade O , Carroll Patrick M , Seaton Pamela J , Bourdelais Andrea J 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Poultry by-product meal (PBM) was tested as a substitute for fish meal (FM) in the diet of juvenile Red Porgy Pagrus pagrus. Eight diets (50% crude protein, 13% crude lipid) were formulated to replace FM protein with PBM protein at 0 (control), 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70%. Juvenile Red Porgy were fed the diets twice daily to apparent satiation for 8 weeks. Fish were held in 75-L rectangular tanks with 15 fish/tank using a recirculating seawater (34 g/L) system maintained at 22°C. No significant differences in body weight gain (BWG; 318–387%), final weight (17.4–20.4 g), specific growth rate (2.55–2.77% per day), feed conversion ratio (0.85–1.18), protein efficiency ratio (0.45–0.61), or survival (84–98%) were observed among fish fed diets replacing 0–70% of FM protein with PBM protein. After the feeding trial, the survival, growth, feed utilization, fish whole-body protein, lipid, docosahexaenoic acid content, and apparent digestibility of protein were not significantly different for fish fed diets with up to 70% of FM protein replaced by PBM compared to a 100% FM-protein-based control diet. Broken-line regression analysis with BWG indicated that PBM protein can replace FM protein in Red Porgy diets at levels as high as 54.0% with no reduction in fish growth performance. Poultry by-product meal is a cheaper and more sustainable ingredient than FM and is an excellent alternative protein source for Red Porgy.
Volitional Spawning of Captive-Reared Age-4 Alligator Gars
Authors: Patterson Joshua T , DiMaggio Matthew A , Green Christopher C , Watson Craig A 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Alligator Gars Atractosteus spatula are being cultured to restore populations in areas of their historical occurrence or abundance. This phylogenetically ancient species can be long-lived and reach a large body size. Broodfish development has been considered an obstacle for aquaculture because of the species’ advanced age at maturity and unpredictable volitional spawning, requiring large animals to be injected with spawning-inducing hormones. This species has been the focus of a collaborative conservation program involving universities in the southeastern United States and Mexico. Alligator Gars from eggs fertilized in Louisiana on May 2, 2013, were brought to Florida, where they matured, spawned without hormone induction, and produced viable larvae before April 25, 2017. A rapid change in osmotic environment directly preceded this spawning event. Data on Alligator Gar life history are limited, and this fundamental observation provides novel information on the age of sexual maturity. Ovarian development indicating sexual maturity in similar-aged fish previously has been described from dissections of otolith-aged specimens, but this article describes the earliest reported spawning of known-age fish.
A qualitative study of experiences of health and social care in home mechanical ventilation
Authors: MacLaren Jessica , Smith Pam , Rodgers Sheila , Bateman Anthony P. , Ramsay Pam 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimTo contribute insight into health and social care integration through an exploration of the care experiences of adults with degenerative neuromuscular conditions who use a mechanical ventilator at home.DesignDescriptive qualitative research.MethodsSeventeen semi‐structured interviews were conducted with patients and family carers living in Scotland during 2015–2016 and thematically analysed.ResultsTo achieve a satisfying life, home ventilated participants required help from a variety of health and social care services, as well as care from family. Examples of successful care were identified, but there were also serious failures and conflict with services. Identifying how care fails or succeeds for this patient population and their families requires an understanding of the interdependency of health and social care. This was achieved by examining health and social care provision from the experiential perspective of care‐users to provide insights into how disconnected provision has an impact on users’ lives in numerous, idiosyncratic ways.
Quadruple hydrogen bonding containing supramolecular thermoplastic elastomers: Mechanical and morphological correlations
Authors: Chen Xi , Zhang Keren , Talley Samantha J. , Orsino Christina M. , Moore Robert B. , Long Timothy E. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTWe report the design of bioinspired, reversible supramolecular thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) functionalized with ureido‐cytosine (UCyt) complementary quadruple hydrogen bonding (QHB) sites. The polymer contained a soft poly(n‐butyl acrylate) central block that imparted flexibility and two external, hard nucleobase‐containing blocks that contributed to structural integrity. In addition, the hard block with pendant QHB motifs served as efficient physical crosslinks to further enhance the thermomechanical performance, where the polymer service window extended up to 30 °C higher compared to the controls that bear dimeric hydrogen bonding units. The resulting UCyt copolymers also exhibited improved surface and bulk morphology, which self‐assembled into well‐ordered lamellar microstructures. Moreover, the polymer displayed an unexpected moisture‐resistant property with less than 1 wt % equilibrium moisture uptake even at 95% relatively humidity, which presumably correlated with its well‐ordered and densely‐packed morphology facilitated by strong hydrogen bonding. Variable temperature Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy experiments further confirmed the thermoreversibility of hydrogen bonding, indicating melt‐processablility and recyclability of the polymer. These physical properties verified quadruple bonding dominated behavior, and structure–property–morphology relationships suggest key design parameters for future TPEs. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 13–23
Fabrication of Graphene‐Oxide (GO)‐Supported Sheet‐Like CuO Nanostructures Derived from a Metal‐Organic‐Framework Template for High‐Performance Hybrid Supercapacitors
Authors: Islam Dewan Azharul , Chakraborty Anindita , Roy Atanu , Das Sachindranath , Acharya Himadri 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this report, graphene oxide (GO)‐supported sheet‐like CuO nanostructures have been fabricated through a novel room temperature method using copper‐based metal‐organic framework (MOF)‐anchored graphene oxides. Copper terephthalate metal‐organic framework (Cu‐(BDC)‐MOF) crystals were synthesized onto the surfaces of exfoliated graphene layers via coordination of the metallic centers with the oxygen functionalities of graphene oxides and terephthalate linkers. The alkaline ageing of the MOF supported graphene oxides in NaOH at ambient temperature leads to the GO/CuO hybrid nanostructures. The morphology and structure of the synthesized materials are examined by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). The well‐dispersed sheet‐like CuO nanostructures on graphene oxides show excellent performance in supercapacitor applications.The GO/CuO hybrid nanostructures are capable of delivering a high specific capacitance of 606 F g−1 at scan rate of 2 mV s‐1 with excellent cycling stability over 93% retention of initial capacitance.