bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A high burden of cytomegalovirus marks poor vascular health in transplant recipients more clearly than in the general population
Authors: Lee Silvia , Brook Emily , Affandi Jacquita , Howson Prue , Tanudjaja Selita Agnes , Dhaliwal Satvinder , Irish Ashley , Price Patricia 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectivesMeta‐analyses have now confirmed that persistent infections with cytomegalovirus (CMV) can accelerate the onset of diseases of ageing, notably cardiovascular pathologies. We address the circumstances in which the association may be strong enough to warrant intervention to reduce the viral burden.ResultsWe compare markers of the burden of CMV with established indices of vascular pathology in healthy adults (n = 82) and in renal transplant recipients (RTR; n = 81). Levels of all inflammatory and vascular biomarkers and CMV antibodies were higher in RTR, and flow‐mediated dilation (FMD) values were lower indicating inferior endothelial function. In multivariable regression models without adjustment for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), CMV antibody levels, age and gender were independently associated with FMD in RTR, whilst only CRP associated with FMD in healthy adults. After adjustment for eGFR, associations between CMV antibody and FMD in RTR were reduced.MethodsCarotid intima‐media thickness, FMD, eGFR and plasma levels of CMV antibodies (reactive with a lysate, CMV IE‐1 or CMV gB), ICAM‐1, VCAM‐1, P‐selectin, sIFNαR2, sTNFR1, sCD14 and CRP were determined.ConclusionLevels of CMV antibody predict declining endothelial health in RTR and not in healthy adults, presumably by reflecting a high burden of CMV. The levels of CMV antibodies were a poor reflection of plasma biomarkers thought to reflect ‘inflammaging’ or vascular damage.
Rate limitable and efficient discovery of path maximum transmission units
Authors: Subbaraman Ramesh R. 
Published: February 2019

SummaryPath maximum transmission unit discovery (PMTUD) is the protocol by which a host can find the largest packet it can send through an internet protocol (IP) network to a given destination. It relies on intermediary nodes sending “packet too big” (PTB) messages in IPv6 or “datagram too big” messages in IPv4 (both henceforth referred to as PTB for the purposes of this paper). These are often completely blocked by firewalls, presumably due to a fear of PTB floods wasting the bandwidth of network links. This breaks PMTUD, forcing the use of fragmentation in IPv4 and/or suboptimal packet sizes. In IPv6, fragmentation by intermediary nodes is no longer an option. Utilizing a dynamic programming‐based solution to the generalization of a mathematical puzzle, the two‐egg problem, this work presents a family of strategies for a host to discover path MTU while obeying hard limits on the maximum number of incoming PTB messages that may be generated. This allows a firewall to mitigate PTB floods via rate limits. Moreover, these strategies are compliant with the relevant standards on PMTUD and thus can be deployed by merely changing the PMTUD algorithm implementation in TCP/IP stacks on end hosts without changing intermediary nodes' protocol behavior.
Genotyping and cytomorphological subtyping of lung adenocarcinoma based on liquid‐based cytology
Authors: Tanaka Ryota , Sakamoto Norihiko , Suzuki Hitomi , Tachibana Keisei , Ohtsuka Kouki , Kishimoto Koji , Fujiwara Masachika , Kamma Hiroshi , Shibahara Junji , Kondo Haruhiko 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundLiquid‐based cytology (LBC) samples allow immunohistochemistry (IHC), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and molecular testing of nucleic acids to be performed in the remaining fixed cells. The current study aimed to examine the relationship between gene mutational status and cytomorphological features in primary lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) using LBC materials.MethodsForty consecutive patients with primary lung ADC underwent surgical resection in our hospital. Cytological material was obtained by scraping the cut‐surface of the lesion, and samples were fixed and stored as LBC materials using CytoRich Red. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) mutations, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), and c‐ros oncogene 1 (ROS1) gene rearrangements were detected, and cytomorphological studies were performed.ResultsTwenty cases (50%) were positive for EGFR mutation and four (10%) were positive for KRAS mutation. ALK gene rearrangement was identified in one case (2.5%) by IHC and FISH, and ROS1 gene rearrangement was identified in one case (2.5%) by IHC and real‐time polymerase chain reaction. The KRAS‐positive group included higher proportions of cases with an inflammatory background (100%), predominantly papillary architecture (75%), and papillary‐type ADC pattern (75%) compared with the EGFR‐positive group and the other group, which included ALK and ROS1 gene rearrangements.ConclusionsLBC material is suitable for use in molecular testing. Differences in major gene aberrations detected by this method might predict specific cytomorphological features.
Metabolic effects and safety of Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass surgery vs. conventional medication in obese Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Feng Wenhuan , Yin Tingting , Chu Xuehui , Shan Xiaodong , Jiang Can , Wang Yan , Qian Yufen , Zhu Dalong , Sun Xitai , Bi Yan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimTo assess metabolic effects and safety of Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) versus conventional medication (CM) in obese Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included 40 patients who underwent RYGB (mean age 44.1 years, body mass index [BMI] 33.3 kg/m2) and 36 patients administered CM (mean age 49.4 years, BMI 32.1 kg/m2). The primary endpoint was achievement of the triple endpoint (haemoglobin A1C [HbA1c] < 7.0%, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol < 2.6 mmol/L, and systolic blood pressure < 130 mmHg). Changes in weight, BMI, medication usage, complications, and adverse events were assessed.ResultsAfter 1‐year follow‐up, 35% of RYGB patients and 8% of CM patients achieved the triple endpoint (P = 0.005). More patients in the RYGB group achieved complete (48% vs 3%, P < 0.001) and partial (23% vs 0%, P = 0.007) remission of diabetes, and complete remission of hypertension (58% vs 24%, P = 0.019). Patients in the RYGB group had greater weight loss and decrease in BMI, waist circumference, fasting and postprandial of blood glucose and insulin levels, HbA1c, blood pressure, triglycerides, and increased high‐density cholesterol (P < 0.001‐ < 0.05). A lower proportion of the RYGB group received antidiabetics, antihypertensives, or antilipemic treatments, and had non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) than the CM group during follow‐up. More patients had nutrient deficiency–related diseases in the RYGB group over 1‐year follow‐up.ConclusionsFor obese Chinese patients with T2DM, RYGB resulted in better metabolic control, greater weight loss, and lower medication usage and NAFLD, but more frequently resulted in diseases related to nutrient deficiency.
Patients' experiences of brief cognitive behavioral therapy for eating disorders: A qualitative investigation
Authors: Hoskins Jessica I. , Blood Lauren , Stokes Holly R. , Tatham Madeleine , Waller Glenn , Turner Hannah 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveAlthough it is important to analyze the effectiveness of new therapies, it is also necessary to consider how patients experience them. This is particularly important if we are to maximize treatment acceptability and reduce attrition. This study examined patient experiences of a new 10‐session cognitive‐behavioral therapy (CBT‐T), using a qualitative approach.MethodThe sample was 17 patients with a diagnosis of bulimia nervosa who had received CBT‐T (including treatment completers and non‐completers) within the previous 2 years. Sample size was determined by saturation of the emergent themes. Responses were analyzed using a six‐step thematic analysis process.ResultsRated acceptability and effectiveness of CBT‐T were high. Five themes emerged, with subthemes. The key elements of patient experience of the therapy were: the therapeutic relationship; the nature of the therapy; its challenging but beneficial aspects; ending therapy; and the overall experience of CBT‐T (including comparison with other therapies).DiscussionThe findings build on the effectiveness research for CBT‐T, suggesting that it is an acceptable therapy that addresses many of the same themes that matter to patients as other therapies. The findings show that patients were positive about CBT‐T relative to other therapies, and offer suggestions as to how CBT‐T might be delivered to emphasize the importance of the time‐limited nature of the therapy.
Experimental test of birdcall detection by autonomous recorder units and by human observers using broadcast
Authors: Castro Isabel , De Rosa Alberto , Priyadarshani Nirosha , Bradbury Leanne , Marsland Stephen 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Autonomous recording units are now routinely used to monitor birdsong, starting to supplement and potentially replace human listening methods. However, to date there has been very little systematic comparison of human and machine detection ability.

We present an experiment based on broadcast calls of nocturnal New Zealand birds in an area of natural forest. The soundscape was monitored by both novice and experienced humans performing a call count, and autonomous recording units.

We match records of when calls were broadcast with detections by both humans and machines, and construct a hierarchical generalized linear model of the binary variable of correct detection or not, with a set of covariates about the call (distance, sound direction, relative altitude, and line of sight) and about the listener (age, experience, and gender).

The results show that machines and humans have similar listening ability. Humans are more homogeneous in their recording of sounds, and this was not affected by their individual experience or characteristics. Humans were affected by trial and location, in particular one of the stations located in a small but deep valley. Despite recorders being affected significantly more than people by distance, altitude, and line of sight, their overall detection probability was higher. The specific location of recorders seems to be the most important factor determining what they record, and we suggest that for best results more than one recorder (or at least, microphone) is needed at each station to ensure all bird sounds of interest are captured.
Proposing autotuning image enhancement method using stochastic resonance
Authors: Kojima Noriko , Lamsal Bikash , Matsumoto Naofumi , Yamashiro Mitsuo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper is associated with an autotuning stochastic resonance (SR) approach for image enhancement on illumination variant images. This new process is being developed based on our previous works related to image enhancement by using SR through the manual tuning process. The process was performed by adding the random noise and threshold 0 in an image. The process works properly in the dark and very low contrast images as well as bright images based and mixed illumination variant images. This system works on the images with the mixture of darkness and brightness. We also present the idea of autotuning of the iteration with random noise and threshold value 0 by using the process related to the histogram calculation or mean and median. We performed various experiments on various types of images including human faces under different conditions and confirmed the effectiveness of our image enhancement technique.
Enhancement of Faraday effect of transparent ferromagnetic Co‐MgF2 granular film by introducing Fabry–Pérot resonant structure
Authors: Miyamoto Mitsunori , Kubo Toshiya , Fujishiro Yuta , Shiota Kenta , Sonehara Makoto , Sato Toshiro 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTo detect the magnetic field using polarization of a light, transparent magnetic material having a Faraday effect is required. The Co‐MgF2 granular film is promising as a candidate of the Faraday element for the magnetic field sensing. In this study, Fabry–Pérot resonant structure was introduced into the Co‐MgF2 granular film to enhance the Faraday effect. It was found that the Faraday effect per unit film thickness [deg/μm] was enhanced due to a light localized in the Co‐MgF2 granular layer sandwiched by Bragg mirror of the insulator multilayer. The maximum Faraday effect of the proposed structure was −1.24°/μm, which was about 3.4 times enhancement compared with a single Co‐MgF2 film, when the number of layer period x in Fabry–Pérot resonant multilayer was 5, where the structure was substrate/(Ta2O5/SiO2)x/Co‐MgF2/(SiO2/Ta2O5)2/Air. Furthermore, the multicavity structure, consisting of the Fabry–Pérot resonant multilayer film continuously placed, exhibited a 50% increase of figure of merit (FOM) defined as Faraday rotation angle per transmission loss [deg/dB].
Effect of air space in waterproof sealed case containing transmitter and receiver of wireless power transfer in sea water
Authors: Gonda Takatoshi , Mototani Suguru , Doki Kae , Torii Akihiro 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this study, the effect of air space in waterproof sealed case of undersea magnetic field resonance type wireless power transfer (WPT) is reported. It has been reported that the transmission power is increased by the air space between the transmitter and receiver coil in the waterproofing case and the wall surface of the case. We evaluated the dependence of the thickness of the air space from measurement and magnetic field analysis. The measurement and magnetic field analysis results indicated the similar tendency to increase the transmission power by 9.8% with the 10‐mm air space at the transmitter side and the 30‐mm air space at the receiver side.
Analysis and interpretation of mixture DNA using AS‐PCR of mtDNA
Authors: Xu Feng‐ling , Ding Mei , Xia Xi , Wu Xue , Zhang Jing‐jing , Xing Jia‐xin , Xuan Jin‐feng , Yao Jun , Wang Bao‐jie 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSemi‐nested PCR with allele‐specific (AS) primers and sequencing of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were performed to analyze and interpret DNA mixtures, especially when biological materials were degraded or contained a limited amount of DNA. SNP‐STR markers were available to identify the minor DNA component using AS‐PCR; moreover, SNPs in mtDNA could be used when the degraded or limited amounts of DNA mixtures were not successful with SNP‐STR markers. Five pairs of allele‐specific primers were designed based on three SNPs (G15043A, T16362C, and T16519C). The sequence of mtDNA control region of minor components was obtained using AS‐PCR and sequencing. Sequences of the amplification fragments were aligned and compared with the sequences of known suspects or databases. When this assay was used with the T16362C and T16519C SNPs, we found it to be highly sensitive for detecting small amounts of DNA (∼30 pg) and analyzing DNA mixtures of two contributors, even at an approximately 1‰ ratio of minor and major components. An exception was tests based on the SNP G15043A, which required approximately 300 pg of a 1% DNA mixture. In simulated three contributor DNA mixtures (at rate of 1:1:1), control region fragments from each contributor were detected and interpreted. AS‐PCR combined with semi‐nested PCR was successfully used to identify the mtDNA control region of each contributor, providing biological evidence for excluding suspects in forensic cases, especially when biological materials were degraded or had a limited amount of DNA.
Enantioseparation of tryptophan and its unnatural derivatives by nano‐LC on CSP‐teicoplanin silica based
Authors: D'Orazio Giovanni , Fanali Chiara , Gentili Alessandra , Fanali Salvatore 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis work deals with the potentiality of nano liquid chromatography (Nano‐LC) for the chiral separation of racemic mixture of tryptophan and some selected derivatives by using 100 µm i.d. fused silica capillary packed with teicoplanin bonded to 5 µm diol silica stationary phase. The experiments were carried out by using a cheap and laboratory‐assembled nano‐LC–UV system. Elution was done in an isocratic mode using a polar organic mobile phase. In order to find the optimum chiral separation of the studied enantiomers, some chromatographic experimental parameters were systematically studied and optimized. Among them, mobile phase composition, namely organic modifier type and concentration, buffer type and pH and aqueous content and sample solvent dilution on retention time, retention factor and enantioresolution factor were studied. Baseline enantioresolution and good peak shape was achieved utilizing the mobile phase containing 40 mM ammonium formate at pH pH 2.5 in ACN/water/acetone (60:30:10, v/v/v) at 520 nL/min in less than 8 min analysis time.
Reconstructing human–landscape interactions in the context of ancient iron smelting on Elba Island, Italy, using sedimentological evidence
Authors: Becker Fabian , Eser Raphael , Hoelzmann Philipp , Schütt Brigitta 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe reconstruct human–landscape interactions in the context of ancient bloomery smelting on Elba Island, Tyrrhenian Sea, based on sedimentological evidence. Elba was, together with Populonia, the center of iron production in antiquity (mid‐6th century B.C.E. to 1st century C.E.). The sediment sequences obtained by vibracoring in the Campo plain reveal that the Holocene transgression triggered aggradation during the Early–Middle Holocene (>5.4 ka cal BP). Nevertheless, wetland conditions prevailed in low‐lying areas during Roman times. Correspondingly, ancient smelting sites are found only on elevated areas along the edge of the plain. The palaeolandscape thus plays a key role in understanding location factors for smelting sites in antiquity. Our sediment sequences indicate that during Etrusco–Roman times (2.4–2.0 ka cal BP) morphodynamics on the island increased, as is evident from the alteration of slope deposits and slack water deposits in upstream positions, and the change from lacustrine to alluvial deposition in downstream areas. The charcoal record shows that fire dynamics increased simultaneously. The sediments that are synsedimentary to the ancient smelting period show significantly increased arsenic contents and high sediment magnetic susceptibility, whereas overall concentrations of heavy metals remain in the range of the geogenic background signal.
Boßlertunnel – Anwendung von Schubdübeln bei den Sondertübbingen im Bereich der Verbindungsbauwerke
Authors: Mihaylov Vladislav , Zenz Reinhard 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn the course of the construction of the new Wendlingen–Ulm line, the Boßler Tunnel with a length of 8,806 m is under construction between Aichelberg and Filstal. Both single‐track main tunnel tubes are for the most part excavated by TBM and lined with segments. The main tunnel tubes have an overburden of up to 280 m and are separated by a rock pillar ranging in width from 5 to 30 m. For safety reasons, seventeen cross passages connect the main tunnels, each at a spacing maximum of 500 m. Cross passage excavation requires the opening of the main tunnel lining and therefore the removal of lining segments. In order to ensure stability of the tunnel lining during the construction phase, special lining segments are used for the main tunnel in cross passage areas. Special lining segments are adapted with additional reinforcement and built‐in components. Shear forces in the circumferential joints are transmitted by shear dowels.
Familial recurrence risk with varying amount of family history
Authors: Schaid Daniel J. , McDonnell Shannon K. , Thibodeau Stephen N. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe familial recurrence risk is the probability a person will have disease, given a reported family history. When family histories are obtained as simple counts of disease among family members, as often obtained in cancer registries or surveys, we propose methods to estimate recurrence risks based on truncated binomial distributions. By this approach, we are able to obtain unbiased estimates of risk for a person with at least k‐affected relatives, where k can be specified to determine how risk varies with k. We also derive robust variances of the recurrence risk estimate, to account for correlations within families, such as those induced by shared genes or shared environment, without explicitly modeling the factors that cause familial correlations. Furthermore, we illustrate how mixture models can be used to account for a sample composed of low‐ and high‐risk families. Using simulations, we illustrate the properties of the proposed methods. Application of our methods to a family history survey of prostate cancer shows that the recurrence risk for prostate cancer increased from 16%, when there was at least one affected relative, to 52%, when there was at least five affected relatives.
Patients' preferences concerning follow‐up after curative head and neck cancer treatment: A cross‐sectional pilot study
Authors: Mueller Simon Andreas , Riggauer Julia , Elicin Olgun , Blaser Daniela , Trelle Sven , Giger Roland 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundEvidence of the oncological benefit of scheduled follow‐up in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is weak; symptom‐oriented self‐referral may be an alternative. Patients’ preferences regarding follow‐up remain poorly investigated.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional survey among patients undergoing follow‐up at a tertiary outpatient clinic, focusing on their preferences, correlating factors, fear of recurrence, and willingness for participation in a randomized trial on follow‐up.ResultsOf 101 patients, 89.1% preferred scheduled follow‐up to self‐referral, 57% favored fewer visits than the current standard, and 85.1% endorsed regular imaging. Recurrence or second primary was associated with preference of intensive follow‐up schedules (P = 0.02). There were trends for women and patients with high fear of recurrence score to favor intensive follow‐up. Two‐third of the participants declared willingness to participate in a randomized controlled trial.ConclusionsPatients' preferences only partially correspond to current follow‐up guidelines. Recruitment for randomized controlled studies evaluating the value of follow‐up seems feasible.
Leveraging Fluorescent Emission to Unitary Yield: Dimerization of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Authors: Miletić Tanja , Biot Nicolas , Demitri Nicola , Brancato Giuseppe , Kariuki Benson M. , Bonifazi Davide 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe report on the synthesis and characterization of novel substituted 1,1′‐biperylene‐2,2′‐diols in which the dihedral angle between the two polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) units is tailored from ca. 60° to ca. 90° in the solid state by introduction of cyclo‐etheric straps or sterically hindered groups such as the triisopropylsilyl (TIPS) group. Depending on the type of substitution, we lock the dihedral angle between the perylenyl moieties enabling fine‐tuning of the molecular optoelectronic properties, with the molecules displaying the smallest angles acting as exceptionally strong emitters with unitary quantum yields.