bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DMEK versus DSAEK for Fuchs’ endothelial dystrophy: A meta-analysis
Authors: Marques Raquel Esteves , Guerra Paulo Silva , Sousa David Cordeiro , Gonçalves Ana Inês , Quintas Ana Miguel , Rodrigues Walter 
Published: April 2018

Purpose: To compare the safety and efficacy profiles of Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) and Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) in adult patients with Fuchs’ endothelial dystrophy. Methods: Electronic database search on MEDLINE and CENTRAL from inception to August 2017. We included all comparative studies of DMEK versus DSAEK in patients with diagnosed Fuchs’ endothelial dystrophy. Studies assessing rescue procedures were excluded to minimize bias. Primary outcome: mean difference in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Secondary outcomes: rates of graft primary failure, rejection, and rebubbling; other graft-related issues; mean difference in endothelial cell density; subjective visual outcomes; and patient satisfaction. Results: A total of 10 retrospective studies of moderate methodological quality were included (n = 947 eyes, 646 DMEK). BCVA was better with DMEK at all evaluated time points (0.16 logMAR at 12 months) comparing to DSAEK (0.30 logMAR; p < 0.001). DMEK had a 60% lower rate of rejection (risk ratio (RR) 0.4, 95% CI (0.24, 0.67), p = 0.0005), but required more rebubblings (RR = 2.48, 95% CI (1.32, 4.64), p = 0.005). DMEK had more primary graft failures and less endothelial cell density loss, but statistical difference was not reached. More patients were satisfied after DMEK (odds ratio = 10.29, 95% CI (3.55, 29.80), p < 0.0001). Conclusion: DMEK showed better postoperative results regarding BCVA, patient satisfaction, and graft-related issues. However, the small number of studies with short follow-up times and other methodological issues prompt us to interpret these results carefully.
Dementia buddying as a vehicle for person-centred care? The performance of a volunteer-led pilot on two hospital wards
Authors: Preston Claire , Burch Sarah 
Published: April 2018

Objectives To understand and explain whether a dementia buddies pilot introduced into two adjacent mental health hospital wards in England was achieving its aim of enhancing person-centred care. Methods The research used a cultural lens to evaluate the dementia buddies pilot. It comprised 20 in-depth semi-structured interviews with staff, volunteers and carers in the two wards where the pilot was introduced. Results The pilot’s ability to deliver positive outcomes depended on its compatibility with the culture of the ward and it performed better in the ward where a person-centred culture of care already existed. In this ward, the pilot became a catalyst for improved experience among patients, carers and staff, whereas in the second ward, the pilot faced resistance from staff and achieved less. Conclusions This finding underlines the benefit of focusing on workplace culture to understand the performance of volunteer-led initiatives. It also shows that existing ward culture is a determining factor in the capacity for dementia buddy schemes to act as vehicles for culture change.
Qualitative evaluation of how a virtual dementia experience impacts medical and pharmacy students’ self-reported knowledge and attitudes towards people with dementia
Authors: Gilmartin-Thomas Julia F-M , McNeil John , Powell Anne , Malone Daniel T , Larson Ian C , O’Reilly Claire L , Kirkpatrick Carl M , Kipen Eva , Petrovich Tanya , Ryan-Atwood Taliesin E , Bell J Simon 
Published: April 2018

Objectives It is important for healthcare professional students to understand the experience of people with dementia, their family, and their carers. Despite person-centred educational policies, current curriculums may not adequately prepare students to meet the needs of people with dementia. This study qualitatively evaluated the impact of a virtual dementia experience on medical and pharmacy students’ self-reported knowledge and attitudes towards people with dementia. Methods Ten focus groups were conducted with 29 medical and 24 pharmacy students in September and October 2016. All students had undertaken a multisensory virtual dementia experience designed to simulate the cognitive and perceptual difficulties faced by people with dementia. Focus groups were used to evaluate the virtual dementia experience in terms of perceived usefulness, suggestions for improvement, and ability to inform students’ understanding of dementia-friendly environments. Focus groups were audio-recorded and analysed via a thematic approach. Results The virtual dementia experience was described as useful and impactful, and students suggested how it could be more tailored towards their learning needs, such as via incorporating hospital, medical, and pharmacy-specific scenarios and opportunities for role play. Additionally, students explained how dementia-friendly communication techniques could be used in their future practice and provided strategies to optimise dementia-friendly characteristics of current work environments. Conclusion A virtual dementia experience improved student self-reported knowledge and attitudes towards people with dementia.
Impact of body mass index on mortality and hospitalisation of patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Ball Jocasta , Løchen Maja-Lisa , Carrington Melinda J , Wiley Joshua F , Stewart Simon 
Published: April 2018

Background: Atrial fibrillation represents a substantial clinical and public health issue. The definitive impact of body mass index on prognosis of patients with chronic (persistent or permanent) atrial fibrillation remains undetermined. Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of body mass index with health outcomes (mortality and re-hospitalisation) of patients with chronic atrial fibrillation. Methods: Using data from the Standard versus Atrial Fibrillation spEcific managemenT strategY (SAFETY) trial (a randomised controlled trial of home-based, atrial fibrillation-specific disease management), we performed post-hoc analyses of mortality and re-hospitalisation outcomes during minimum 24-month follow-up according to baseline body mass index profile. Results: Of 297 participants (mean age 71±11 years, 47% female, mean body mass index 29.6±6.7 kg/m2), 35.0% of participants were overweight (body mass index 25.0–29.9 kg/m2) and 43.1% were obese (body mass index≥30 kg/m2). During follow-up, n=42 died including 16/65 (24.6%) classified as normal body mass index, 16/104 (15.4%) classified as overweight and 10/128 (7.8%) classified as obese. Increasing body mass index was not associated with increased mortality but was associated with re-hospitalisation due to cardiovascular disease with greater length-of-stay (odds ratio 1.05; 95% confidence interval 1.00–1.09, p=0.032). Obese individuals experienced increased unplanned admissions compared to overweight individuals (incidence rate ratio 0.71; 95% confidence interval 0.53–0.96, p=0.028), and increased cardiovascular-related (incidence rate ratio 0.58; 95% confidence interval 0.39–0.86, p=0.007) and all-cause admissions (incidence rate ratio 0.63; 95% confidence interval 0.45–0.89, p=0.008) compared to those classified as normal body mass index. Conclusion: Overweight and obesity were not associated with survival in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation but were associated with more frequent hospital care and prolonged stay.
Results From a Pilot Study of Handheld Vibration: Exercise Intervention Reduces Upper-Limb Dysfunction and Fatigue in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy: VibBRa Study
Authors: Kneis Sarah , Wehrle Anja , Ilaender Anne , Volegova-Neher Natalja , Gollhofer Albert , Bertz Hartmut 
Published: April 2018

Purpose: Although there is evidence that breast cancer patients benefit from exercising during treatment, exercising during radiotherapy and especially the effects on upper-limb dysfunctions have been infrequently assessed. Therefore, we primarily aimed to confirm our interventions’ feasibility and secondarily aimed to affect upper-limb dysfunctions and fatigue. Methods: Twenty-two breast cancer patients scheduled for radiotherapy were allocated to an intervention (IG) or a passive control group (CG) as they preferred. IG exercised 3×/week during 6 weeks of radiotherapy: cycling endurance, handheld vibration, and balance training. We documented adverse events and training compliance (feasibility) and assessed the range of shoulder motion (ROM), isometric hand grip strength, vibration sense on the first metacarpophalangeal joint of the affected upper limb, and fatigue. Results: We observed no adverse events and a training compliance of 98 %. IG’s ROM improved significantly (abduction: 11°; 95% confidence interval [CI] 5 to 20; external rotation: 5°, 95% CI 0 to 10), as did the hand grip strength (1.6 kg, 95% CI −0.6 to 3.1), while CG’s ROM did not change. CG’s vibration sense worsened (−1.0 points, 95% CI −1.5 to −0.5), while IG’s remained stable. Changes in general fatigue levels between IG (−2.0 points, 95% CI −3.0 to −1.0) and CG (0.5 points, 95% CI −1.0 to 4.5) revealed significant differences ( P = .008) Conclusions: Our intervention proved to be feasible and provides novel findings: it reduced fatigue levels and interestingly, handheld vibration exercises improved upper-limb function due to shoulder ROM, hand grip strength, and vibration sense.
Stroke care in Africa: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Urimubenshi Gerard , Cadilhac Dominique A , Kagwiza Jeanne N , Wu Olivia , Langhorne Peter 
Published: April 2018

Background Appropriate systems of stroke care are important to manage the increasing death and disability associated with stroke in Africa. Information on existing stroke services in African countries is limited. Aim To describe the status of stroke care in Africa. Summary of review We undertook a systematic search of the published literature to identify recent (1 January 2006–20 June 2017) publications that described stroke care in any African country. Our initial search yielded 838 potential papers, of which 38 publications were eligible representing 14/54 African countries. Across the publications included for our review, the proportion of stroke patients reported to arrive at hospital within 3 h from stroke onset varied between 10% and 43%. The median time interval between stroke onset and hospital admission was 31 h. Poor awareness of stroke signs and symptoms, shortages of medical transportation, health care personnel, and stroke units, and the high cost of brain imaging, thrombolysis, and outpatient physiotherapy rehabilitation services were reported as major barriers to providing best-practice stroke care in Africa. Conclusions This review provides an overview of stroke care in Africa, and highlights the paucity of available data. Stroke care in Africa usually fell below the recommended standards with variations across countries and settings. Combined efforts from policy makers and health care professionals in Africa are needed to improve, and ensure access, to organized stroke care in as many settings as possible. Mechanisms to routinely monitor usual care (i.e., registries or audits) are also needed to inform policy and practice.
Socioeconomic status predicts second cardiovascular event in 29,226 survivors of a first myocardial infarction
Authors: Ohm Joel , Skoglund Per H , Discacciati Andrea , Sundström Johan , Hambraeus Kristina , Jernberg Tomas , Svensson Per 
Published: April 2018

Background Risk assessment post-myocardial infarction needs improvement, and risk factors derived from general populations apply differently in secondary prevention. The prediction of subsequent cardiovascular events post-myocardial infarction by socioeconomic status has previously been poorly studied. Design Swedish nationwide cohort study. Methods A total of 29,226 men and women (27%), 40–76 years of age, registered at the standardised one year revisit after a first myocardial infarction in the secondary prevention quality registry of SWEDEHEART 2006–2014. Personal-level data on socioeconomic status measured by disposable income and educational level, marital status, and the primary endpoint, first recurrent event of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, defined as non-fatal myocardial infarction or coronary heart disease death or fatal or non-fatal stroke were obtained from linked national registries. Results During the mean 4.1-year follow-up, 2284 (7.8%) first recurrent manifestations of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease occurred. Both socioeconomic status indicators and marital status were associated with the primary endpoint in multivariable Cox regression models. In a comprehensively adjusted model, including secondary preventive treatment, the hazard ratio for the highest versus lowest quintile of disposable income was 0.73 (95% confidence interval 0.62–0.83). The association between disposable income and first recurrent manifestation of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease was stronger in men as was the risk associated with being unmarried (tests for interaction P < 0.05). Conclusions Among one year survivors of a first myocardial infarction, first recurrent manifestation of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease was predicted by disposable income, level of education and marital status. The association between disposable income and first recurrent manifestation of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease was independent of secondary preventive treatment but further study on causal pathways is needed.
Increased erythrophagocytosis induces ferroptosis in red pulp macrophages in a mouse model of transfusion
Authors: Youssef Lyla A. , Rebbaa Abdelhadi , Pampou Sergey , Weisberg Stuart P. , Stockwell Brent R. , Hod Eldad A. , Spitalnik Steven L. 
Published: April 2018

Key PointsTransfusions of storage-damaged RBCs induce an RPM-dependent inflammatory response by splenic Ly6Chi monocytes. Macrophages undergo ferroptosis following increased erythrophagocytosis and are replaced by circulating monocytes and local cell division.
Zmiany we współczesnym polskim systemie fleksyjnym (na materiale rzeczownikowym i przymiotnikowym)
Authors: Stefańczyk Wiesław T. 
Published: April 2018

Changes in the inflectional system of Polish (an analysis of nouns and adjectives)
The article deals with current tendencies and changes in the Polish inflectional system. The largest number of changes can be observed in three most frequently encountered cases: Nominative, Genitive and Accusative. Changes in the remaning cases are limited to several isolated lexemes. An important characteristic of the current inflectional system of Polish is an increase in the number of indeclinable nouns, as well as the slow disappearance of groups of rare and irregular nouns.
Dyferencjacja stylowa w tekście Mateusza Cygańskiego Myślistwo ptasze, w którym się opisuje sposób dostawania wszelakiego ptaka
Authors: Waśkowski Krzysztof 
Published: April 2018

Stylistic differentiation in Mateusz Cygański’s Myślistwo ptasze, w którym się opisuje sposób dostawania wszelakiego ptaka
The paper discusses stylistic differentiation of a 16th century hunting guide Myślistwo ptasze, w którym się opisuje sposób dostawania wszelakiego ptaka (‘Bird hunting, describing the method to catch any bird’, published 1584) by Mateusz Cygański. An analysis of the text has shown that it is possible to indicate in it examples of mutual entanglement of two stylistic registers. Due to a secondary recording of the text (owing to the author’s illiteracy), the language of this monument is characterized by multiple indicators of the colloquial style, while elements of specialist style that can be found in it, are the result of capturing colloquiality in a certain intellectual rigor enforced by the contemporary editorial and genre convention.
Wydanie Wielkopolskich rot sądowych w świetle najnowszych ustaleń badawczych
Authors: Kuźmicki Marcin 
Published: April 2018

Editing Wielkopolskie roty sądowe in the light of the newest findings
The goal of this paper is to draw attention to the problems connected with the editing of old sources. The author shows through various analyses, to what significant extent a mere presentation of the material becomes its interpretation and imposes one or another understanding – and that it is the historical moment that determines how the source is researched. The author presents the newest studies, where the genetic multilayeredness of the text was taken into account and resulted in a different approach and a more attentive reading.
Słowa klucze kultury w sytuacji bliskiego sąsiedztwa kultur i powinowactwa językowego (dusza – serce)
Authors: Niewiara Aleksandra 
Published: April 2018

The culture’s key words in the case of a close proximity of cultures and affinity of languages (dusza ‘soul’ – serce ‘heart’)
The article refers to Anna Wierzbicka’s diagnosis about the existence of culture’s key words, and in particular – her opinion that the word душа ‘soul’ is the key of the Russian culture which explains the specificity of the Russian ethnopsychological model of the human being. Through a semantic and pragmatic analysis of contemporary and former Polish and Ruthenian lexis, idioms, and forms of the linguistic etiquette, the author discusses the possibility of treating the Polish word dusza ‘soul’ or the Polish word serce ‘heart’ as the key to understanding the Polish culture and ethnopsychological model of man. Former contacts with Ruthenian languages and cultures probably strengthened the significance of the concept of dusza in the Polish culture, which remains important even today. However, it is the concept of heart (serce) that can be successfully used to explain the vision of man and the Polish hierarchy of values.
Postmodernizm jako czynnik zmian we współczesnym językoznawstwie w aspekcie epistemicznym, społecznym i etycznym (przy uwzględnieniu innych nauk humanistycznych)
Authors: Kiklewicz Aleksander 
Published: April 2018

Postmodernism as a change factor in modern linguistics, in the epistemic, social and ethical aspect (taking into account the humanities). Part 1
The author considers the impact of postmodernism on contemporary humanities, and in particular on theoretical linguistics. The main thesis of the paper can be formulated as follows: postmodernism contributes to the increase of such tendencies in linguistics as: blurring of the subject of research, disregard for the ‘directives of language’, i.e. disuse of the conventional scientific language, violations of the requirement of verifiability of statements, and breaking of the rules of communication. The author examines elements of postmodern science using the example of several branches of modern linguistics: cultural linguistics (linguoculturology), ethnolinguistics, anthropological linguistics, cognitive linguistics, and discourse linguistics.
Słowniki przed sądem
Authors: Czelakowska Anna , Kubicka Emilia , Klubińska Maja 
Published: April 2018

Dictionaries on trial. Use of lexicographic works in court judgements
The paper discusses the issue of the use of lexicographic works in the process of linguistic interpretation, which causes multiple problems in the judicial practice. Omitting positive examples, we show judgements in which the decision can be considered argumentatively unsatisfactory in the area of linguistic interpretation. We hope that the presented material will help linguists and authors of Polish dictionaries better understand how their work is utilized by other users of Polish. Simultaneously, we indicate moments where judicial errors result not only from lack of knowledge or negligence on the part of the interpreters, but also from defects and inconsistencies in the results of linguistic work (e.g. from inadequate definitions or insufficient contrast between definitions of related lexemes), and insufficient familiarization of the extra-linguistic milieu with methodologically newer dictionaries and language corpora.
Jednostki apelatywne
Authors: Zaucha Joanna 
Published: April 2018

Appellative units. In search for a differentiator
The goal of the paper is to characterize four units with a dominating appellative function: Uwaga! (‘Warning!’ / ‘Attention!’), Start! (‘Start!’), Stop! (‘Stop!’), and Dalej! (‘Carry on!’). Their nature is performative; they are excluded from the reach of negation; they cannot be presented in reported speech. The author indicates the syntactic independence of these units and their deep rooting in the situational context. She believes that the essential property of appellatives is the marked position of the addressee, contextually identified by the action he or she is to perform or performs. This is reflected in the description of the function of these units, one that reveals their specific character which, according to K. Bühler’s (2004: 32) advice, is particular behaviour of the addressee of the utterance, a reaction to the uttering of those units.
Nieliterackie źródła do dziejów słownictwa polskiego (do XVIII w.)
Authors: Zajda Aleksander 
Published: April 2018

Non-literary sources for the history of Polish vocabulary (until the 18th century). Part I
The author discusses non-literary sources for the history of Polish vocabulary from the period from the 16th to the 18th century. They are not always taken into account by the editors of the newest historical dictionaries, despite the fact that they contain a wealth of interesting vocabulary from various areas of everyday life of peasants and townsmen, from the history of law and judicature, trade, craft, military, etc. Many of those words have survived till our times, constituting a lasting legacy of Polish vocabulary and a testimony of the history of culture.
Profesor Marian Kucała – historyk języka, leksykograf i dydaktyk
Authors: Deptuchowa Ewa 
Published: April 2018

Professor Marian Kucała. A historian of language, lexicographer, and teacher
The paper is a recollection of Professor Marian Kucała (died 2014), a dialectologist and historian of language. Particular emphasis is put on his contribution to historical lexicography and the fields of language learning and teaching (language culture in the broad sense).
Service Differentiation and Operating Segments: A Framework and an Application to After-Sales Services
Authors: Guajardo Jose A. , Cohen Morris A. 
Published: April 2018

The decisions of whether and how to adopt service differentiation are at the core of a firm’s service operations strategy. This paper proposes a framework for service differentiation that highlights the identification and use of operating segments as a central component in the delivery of differentiated services. The notion of operating segments and the general empirical methodology to identify them proposed in this paper integrally considers the consumer’s preferences and operational capabilities required to fulfill the differentiated service offering. An application in the context of after-sales services for product-service bundles using data from a major manufacturer in the consumer electronics industry is presented, which illustrates how operational decisions need to be adjusted when multiple operating segments are defined to support a service differentiation strategy.The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2017.0645 .