bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective Evaluation of Self-Reported Aggression in Transgender Persons
Authors: Defreyne Justine , T'Sjoen Guy , Bouman Walter Pierre , Brewin Nicola , Arcelus Jon 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Background
Although research on the relation between testosterone and aggression in humans is inconclusive, guidelines (including the World Professional Association for Transgender Health Standards of Care, edition 7) have warned for an increase in aggression in transgender men taking testosterone treatment.

Aims
To investigate the association between levels of testosterone and aggression in treatment-seeking transgender people and explore the role of mental health psychopathology (anxiety and depressive symptoms) and social support in aggression in this population.

Methods
Every transgender person invited for assessment at a national transgender health clinic in the United Kingdom during a 3-year period (2012–2015) completed self-report measures for interpersonal problems, including levels of aggression (Inventory of Interpersonal Problems [IIP-32]), symptoms of anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS]), social support (Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support), and experiences of transphobia before and 1 year after the initiation of gender-affirming hormonal therapy. Correlations between prospective scores for the IIP-32 factor “too aggressive” and prospective levels of sex steroids, prospective psychological (HADS), and baseline psychosocial measurements were tested.

Outcomes
Prospective scores for the factor “too aggressive” were not correlated to prospective serum testosterone levels.

Results
Results of 140 people (56 transgender men, 84 transgender women) were analyzed. A prospective increase in scores for the factor “too aggressive” of the IIP-32 in transgender men 1 year after being treated with testosterone treatment or a decrease of the IIP-32 aggression scores in transgender women 1 year after gender-affirming hormonal therapy was not found. However, a positive correlation was found between increasing HADS anxiety scores and increasing scores for the IIP-32 “too aggressive” score in the entire study population and a positive correlation with lower support from friends in transgender women.

Clinical Implications
Hormone-prescribing physicians can be reassured that the long-term administration of testosterone in transgender men does not increase aggressive behavior.

Strengths and Limitations
This is the 1st prospective study to assess the effect of gender-affirming hormonal care on aggression. Limitations included the use of different laboratories, the use of a patient-reported outcome measure, and the lack of aggression subtypes.

Conclusions
Testosterone therapy was not associated with an increase in levels of aggression in transgender men or a decrease in aggressive behavior in transgender women on antiandrogen and estrogen therapy, but other psychological and/or social factors, such as anxiety levels, appear to contribute to self-reported aggression in transgender people.
Psychometric Properties of the Sexual Event Diary in a Sample of Dutch Women With Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder
Authors: van Nes Yvonne , Bloemers Jos , Kessels Rob , van der Heijden Peter G.M. , van Rooij Kim , Gerritsen Jeroen , DeRogatis Leonard , Tuiten Adriaan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundEfficacy of on-demand drugs for women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder or female sexual interest/arousal disorder (FSIAD) should be assessed using a validated instrument that assesses the discrete sexual events during which the on-demand drug is taken, because this type of assessment is more proximate to an on-demand drug's efficacy compared to instruments that assess sexual function over longer periods of time.AimThe aim of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Dutch translation of the previously validated 11-item Sexual Event Diary (SED) for measuring sexual satisfaction and sexual functioning during discrete sexual events.MethodsPsychometric assessment was performed on data of 1,840 SEDs from 139 women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder/FSIAD, collected during a randomized clinical cross-over trial conducted in the Netherlands.OutcomesItem scores of the SED at the event level, and at subject level, summarized item scores during the placebo run-in period (PRI) and active treatment period, and score changes from PRI to active treatment period.ResultsReliability and convergent validity were confirmed. All item scores showed the ability to discriminate between known groups. Larger mean score changes from PRI were observed in groups with known benefit from the medication, as compared to those with no benefit. Guyatt effect sizes ranged from 0.51–1.02, thereby demonstrating ability to detect change.Clinical TranslationThe Dutch version of the SED is an excellent instrument for assessing female sexual functioning and sexual satisfaction during discrete sexual events and for assessing these concepts over longer periods of time.ConclusionsData were collected in a randomized, well-controlled trial. The large number of data points gave high statistical power, and the results confirmed previous findings. However, care is needed when generalizing the SED's validity to other areas of research, eg, recreational drug use and sexual risky behaviors, since the current validation study has not used such data. Consistent with the US-English version, the Dutch version of the SED is a reliable, valid, and responsive instrument, and suitable for use in evaluating effects of on-demand drugs in women with FSIAD.
Desire to Have Children Among Transgender People in Germany: A Cross-Sectional Multi-Center Study
Authors: Auer Matthias K. , Fuss Johannes , Nieder Timo O. , Briken Peer , Biedermann Sarah V. , Stalla Günter K. , Beckmann Matthias W. , Hildebrandt Thomas 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Background
Many trans individuals undergo medical interventions that result in irreversible loss of fertility. Little is known about their desire to have children and attitudes toward fertility preservation options.

Aim
To study how the desire for children and the use of fertility preservation options varies among trans women and trans men in different transitioning stages in Germany.

Methods
In this cross-sectional multi-center study, N = 99 trans women and N = 90 trans men were included. Of these, 26 of each sex were just about to start medical treatment.

Outcomes
Outcome parameter were the prevalence and determinants of a desire to have children in trans persons.

Results
Before treatment, a desire for children was significantly higher in trans men compared to trans women (P = .016). In contrast, in those who had already started treatment, a current desire to have children was equally present in about one fourth of participants of both genders while the interest in having children in the future was significantly higher in trans women (69.9%) than in trans men (46.9%; P = .034). Although 76.1% of trans women and 76.6% of trans men indicated that they had at least thought about preserving germ cells before starting medical transition, only 9.6% of trans women and 3.1% of trans men had put this idea into practice. Most trans men in both groups indicated that insemination of a female partner with sperm from an unrelated donor was a suitable option to fulfill their child wish, potentially explaining their low interest in preserving their own germ cells. Finally, a logistic regression analysis accounting for potential confounders revealed that overall trans women were more than twice as likely to have a current desire to have children (odds ratio 2.58), and this wish was on average 5.3% lower with each year of increasing age.

Clinical Translation
A low level of fertility preservation among trans persons is contrasted by a high level of desire for children. This highlights the importance of counseling trans individuals regarding fertility preservation options.

Conclusions
To our knowledge, this is the first study that addresses desire to have children in a clinical sample of trans women. It is also the first that investigates this issue among trans men who have not started medical treatment, and the first comparison of both genders. A limitation for the generalization of our results is the special legal context in Germany that forbids oocyte donation for reciprocal in vitro fertilization. Reproductive desire is high among trans individuals, but the use of reproductive options is surprisingly low.
Fieldwork, Sustainability, and Environmental Education: The Centrality of Geographical Inquiry
Authors: Casinader Niranjan , Kidman Gillian 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCommon notions around the concept of sustainability tend to be framed within the values and principles that the world's natural environments need to be used and managed in such a way as to make them available for future generations. Consequently, pedagogical approaches in environmental education that follow this intellectual thread tend to adopt a standard scientific approach to inquiry-based learning. This article argues that the features of a geographical approach to inquiry, particularly in its wider conceptualisation of fieldwork, provides a much more effective means of developing an environmental education that is more cogniscent of the deeper aspects of sustainability. While the importance of the natural systems components of sustainability cannot be ignored, they tend to displace other inherent facets within the sustainability concept and, in particular, the reality that any discussion as to the sustainable use of natural environments must incorporate knowledge and understanding of the way people interact with these environments. We contend that sustainability, when taught in schools, has tended to be environmentally and scientifically based, diminishing the role of humans. In an example of how this deficit might be overcome, the Australian Curriculum incorporates sustainability as one of the three mandatory cross-curriculum priorities; that is, one of the avenues for encouraging complementary learning and teaching across different disciplines. Within this curriculum framework, the concept is expanded to not only include a consideration of the mutual interdependence of the environmental spheres (Systems), but also World View and Futures — thus including the human component. However, using the notion of the fieldwork imperative (Casinader & Kidman, 2017), which distinguishes between the reasons why we do fieldwork and the reasons why we should do fieldwork, we argue that sustainability education would be placed more effectively within the disciplinary domain of Geography, rather than as part of an integrated curriculum approach or in Science.
Improving readability of informed consents for research at an academic medical institution
Authors: Hadden Kristie B. , Prince Latrina Y. , Moore Tina D. , James Laura P. , Holland Jennifer R. , Trudeau Christopher R. 
Published: April 2018

IntroductionThe final rule for the protection of human subjects requires that informed consent be “in language understandable to the subject” and mandates that “the informed consent must be organized in such a way that facilitates comprehension.” This study assessed the readability of Institutional Review Board-approved informed consent forms at our institution, implemented an intervention to improve the readability of consent forms, and measured the first year impact of the intervention.MethodsReadability assessment was conducted on a sample of 217 Institutional Review Board-approved informed consents from 2013 to 2015. A plain language informed consent template was developed and implemented and readability was assessed again after 1 year.ResultsThe mean readability of the baseline sample was 10th grade. The mean readability of the post-intervention sample (n=82) was seventh grade.ConclusionsProviding investigators with a plain language informed consent template and training can promote improved readability of informed consents for research.
Effectiveness and cost of recruiting healthy volunteers for clinical research studies using an electronic patient portal: A randomized study
Authors: Samuels Mary H. , Schuff Robert , Beninato Peter , Gorsuch Adriel , Dursch James , Egan Sarah , Adams Bridget , Hollis Kate F. , Navarro Rachel , Burdick Timothy E. 
Published: April 2018

IntroductionIt is not clear how to effectively recruit healthy research volunteers.MethodsWe developed an electronic health record (EHR)-based algorithm to identify healthy subjects, who were randomly assigned to receive an invitation to join a research registry via the EHR’s patient portal, letters, or phone calls. A follow-up survey assessed contact preferences.ResultsThe EHR algorithm accurately identified 858 healthy subjects. Recruitment rates were low, but occurred more quickly via the EHR patient portal than letters or phone calls (2.7 vs. 19.3 or 10.4 d). Effort and costs per enrolled subject were lower for the EHR patient portal (3.0 vs. 17.3 or 13.6 h, $113 vs. $559 or $435). Most healthy subjects indicated a preference for contact via electronic methods.ConclusionsHealthy subjects can be accurately identified from EHR data, and it is faster and more cost-effective to recruit healthy research volunteers using an EHR patient portal.
Feasibility and Value of Developing a Regional Antibiogram for Community Hospitals
Authors: Hostler Christopher J. , Moehring Rebekah W. , Ashley Elizabeth S. Dodds , Johnson Melissa , Davis Angelina , Lewis Sarah S. , Sexton Daniel J. , Anderson Deverick J. ,   for the CDC Prevention Epicenters Program
Published: April 2018

OBJECTIVETo determine the feasibility and value of developing a regional antibiogram for community hospitals.DESIGNMulticenter retrospective analysis of antibiograms.SETTING AND PARTICIPANTSA total of 20 community hospitals in central and eastern North Carolina and south central Virginia participated in this study.METHODSWe combined antibiogram data from participating hospitals for 13 clinically relevant gram-negative pathogen–antibiotic combinations. From this combined antibiogram, we developed a regional antibiogram based on the mean susceptibilities of the combined data.RESULTSWe combined a total of 69,778 bacterial isolates across 13 clinically relevant gram-negative pathogen–antibiotic combinations (median for each combination, 1100; range, 174–27,428). Across all pathogen–antibiotic combinations, 69% of local susceptibility rates fell within 1 SD of the regional mean susceptibility rate, and 97% of local susceptibilities fell within 2 SD of the regional mean susceptibility rate. No individual hospital had >1 pathogen–antibiotic combination with a local susceptibility rate >2 SD of the regional mean susceptibility rate. All hospitals’ local susceptibility rates were within 2 SD of the regional mean susceptibility rate for low-prevalence pathogens (<500 isolates cumulative for the region).CONCLUSIONSSmall community hospitals frequently cannot develop an accurate antibiogram due to a paucity of local data. A regional antibiogram is likely to provide clinically useful information to community hospitals for low-prevalence pathogens.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;39:718–722
Seed treatment with glycine betaine enhances tolerance of cotton to chilling stress
Authors: Cheng C. , Pei L. M. , Yin T. T. , Zhang K. W. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractChilling injury is an important natural stress that can threaten cotton production, especially at the sowing and seedling stages in early spring. It is therefore important for cotton production to improve chilling tolerance at these stages. The current work examines the potential for glycine betaine (GB) treatment of seeds to increase the chilling tolerance of cotton at the seedling stage. Germination under cold stress was increased significantly by GB treatment. Under low temperature, the leaves of seedlings from treated seeds exhibited a higher net photosynthetic rate (PN), higher antioxidant enzyme activity including superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and catalase, lower hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content and less damage to the cell membrane. Enzyme activity was correlated negatively with H2O2 content and degree of damage to the cell membrane but correlated positively with GB content. The experimental results suggested that although GB was only used to treat cotton seed, the beneficial effect caused by the preliminary treatment of GB could play a significant role during germination that persisted to at least the four-leaf seedling stage. Therefore, it is crucial that this method is employed in agricultural production to improve chilling resistance in the seedling stage by soaking the seeds in GB.
Three‐Dimensional Tomography of Ionospheric Anomalies Immediately Before the 2015 Illapel Earthquake, Central Chile
Authors: He Liming , Heki Kosuke 
Published: April 2018

AbstractUsing ionospheric total electron contents residual data from 146 Global Navigation Satellite System stations in South America, we conducted three‐dimensional tomography of ionospheric electron density anomalies immediately before the 2015 Illapel Mw8.3 earthquake, Central Chile. We used five GPS and five GLONASS satellites and applied continuity constraints to regularize the linear least squares inversion. The reconstructed anomalies are composed of positive and negative regions, at altitudes of ~200 km and ~400 km, respectively, distributed roughly along the geomagnetic field. This feature suggests that the observed anomalies occurred by the downward E × B drift of electrons due to electric fields within ionosphere, possibly caused by surface positive electric charges. We also discuss the existence of the mirror image anomalies near the geomagnetic conjugate point of the epicenter using stations in Colombia.
The Seismic History of the Pisia Fault (Eastern Corinth Rift, Greece) From Fault Plane Weathering Features and Cosmogenic36Cl Dating
Authors: Mechernich Silke , Schneiderwind Sascha , Mason Jack , Papanikolaou Ioannis D. , Deligiannakis Georgios , Pallikarakis Aggelos , Binnie Steven A. , Dunai Tibor J. , Reicherter Klaus 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe deformation of the eastern Corinth rift (Greece) is distributed along several E‐W trending active normal faults. Here the 25‐km‐long Pisia fault experienced up to 150 cm of coseismic displacement during the 1981 Alkyonides earthquake sequence (M = 6.7, 6.4, 6.3). Using terrestrial laser scanning, coupled with analyses of color changes, lichen colonization, and karstic features, we identify differentially weathered horizontal stripes on the exposed Pisia fault plane. The stripe boundaries occur at scarp heights of 1.10, 2.05, 2.85, 3.60, 4.15, and 5.15 m, with two additional possible boundaries at 3.10 and 4.65 m (~±0.1 m, respectively). This indicates that six to eight paleoearthquakes have exhumed the fault plane in a series of distinct coseismic slip events. A vertical profile of cosmogenic36Cl measurements is used to constrain age models of the exhumation. The results imply that, in addition to the last earthquake of 1981 (EQ1), exhumation events occurred at ~2.0 kyr (EQ2), ~3.1 kyr (EQ3), ~4.5 kyr (EQ4/4a,b), ~6.0 kyr (EQ5), and ~7.3 kyr (EQ6/6a,b), with modeled age uncertainties of ~0.7 kyr. Bayesian modeling provides a middle and late Holocene slip rate of 0.5–0.6 mm/yr (last 7.3 ± 0.7 kyr), while the upper part of the 8.45‐m‐high fault plane was exhumed at a higher rate of 0.8–2.3 mm/yr (7.3 ± 0.7 kyr to 10.2 ± 1.9 kyr). This slip rate variability suggests an increased seismicity or larger slip events during the early Holocene.
Sinking of Dense North Atlantic Waters in a Global Ocean Model: Location and Controls
Authors: Katsman C. A. , Drijfhout S. S. , Dijkstra H. A. , Spall M. A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe investigate the characteristics of the sinking of dense waters in the North Atlantic Ocean that constitute the downwelling limb of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) as simulated by two global ocean models: an eddy‐permitting model at 1/4° resolution and its coarser 1° counterpart. In line with simple geostrophic considerations, it is shown that the sinking predominantly occurs in a narrow region close to the continental boundary in both model simulations. That is, the regions where convection is deepest do not coincide with regions where most dense waters sink. The amount of near‐boundary sinking that occurs varies regionally. For the 1/4° resolution model, these variations are in quantitative agreement with a relation based on geostrophy and a thermodynamic balance between buoyancy loss and alongshore advection of density, which links the amount of sinking to changes in density along the edge of the North Atlantic Ocean. In the 1° model, the amount and location of sinking appears not to be governed by this simple relation, possibly due to the large impact of overflows and nonnegligible cross‐shore density advection. If this poor representation of the processes governing the sinking of dense waters in the North Atlantic Ocean is a generic feature of such low‐resolution models, the response of the AMOC to changes in climate simulated by this type of models needs to be evaluated with care.
In Situ Microphysical Observations of the 29–30 May 2012 Kingfisher, OK, Supercell With a Balloon‐Borne Video Disdrometer
Authors: Waugh Sean M. , Ziegler Conrad L. , MacGorman Donald R. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe microphysical characteristics of deep convective storms are a critically important, yet difficult aspect of storm morphology to observe in situ. These observations play a large role in several areas of ongoing research, but detailed observations in key portions of clouds do not exist with the currently available measurement platforms. To facilitate these observations, a balloon‐borne particle imaging device known as the PArticle Size, Image, and Velocity (PASIV) probe was developed at the National Severe Storms Laboratory, which is capable of measuring particle counts on scales as small as 50 m. The videosonde observations from the PASIV showed that precipitation particle counts change rapidly between analysis layers, sometimes by as much as a few orders of magnitude (102–104 in adjacent layers), and radar reflectivities calculated directly from observed particle size distributions agree with mobile radar measurements. Furthermore, the observations allow the distributions to be partitioned into various particle types, which sheds light on which particles are dominating the radar signal at various times. These distributions per particle type, and their associated mixing ratios, agree with independent model analysis. Additionally, single‐, double‐, and triple‐moment parameterized particle size distribution functions are fit to various layers, with the general result that ice particles are easily represented by exponential distributions while rain is better fit with a gamma distribution. The parametric fits for ice and rain distributions found here support previous work and some portions of modeled microphysics, but also suggest room for improvement when deciding which schemes to use with cloud modeling.