bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early goal-directed haemodynamic optimization of cerebral oxygenation in comatose survivors after cardiac arrest: the Neuroprotect post-cardiac arrest trial
Authors: Ameloot Koen , De Deyne Cathy , Eertmans Ward , Ferdinande Bert , Dupont Matthias , Palmers Pieter-Jan , Petit Tibaut , Nuyens Philippe , Maeremans Joren , Vundelinckx Joris , Vanhaverbeke Maarten , Belmans Ann , Peeters Ronald , Demaerel Philippe , Lemmens Robin , Dens Jo , Janssens Stefan 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Aims
During the first 6–12 h of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, post-cardiac arrest (CA) patients treated with a mean arterial pressure (MAP) 65 mmHg target experience a drop of the cerebral oxygenation that may cause additional cerebral damage. Therefore, we investigated whether an early goal directed haemodynamic optimization strategy (EGDHO) (MAP 85–100 mmHg, SVO2 65–75%) is safe and could improve cerebral oxygenation, reduce anoxic brain damage, and improve outcome when compared with a MAP 65 mmHg strategy.

Methods and results
A total of 112 out-of-hospital CA patients were randomly assigned to EGDHO or MAP 65 mmHg strategies during the first 36 h of ICU stay. The primary outcome was the extent of anoxic brain damage as quantified by the percentage of voxels below an apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) score of 650.10−6 mm2/s on diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (at day 5 ± 2 post-CA). Main secondary outcome was favourable neurological outcome (CPC score 1–2) at 180 days. In patients assigned to EGDHO, MAP (P &lt; 0.001), and cerebral oxygenation during the first 12 h of ICU stay (P = 0.04) were higher. However, the percentage of voxels below an ADC score of 650.10−6 mm2/s did not differ between both groups [16% vs. 12%, odds ratio 1.37, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.95–0.98; P = 0.09]. Also, the number of patients with favourable neurological outcome at 180 days was similar (40% vs. 38%, odds ratio 0.98, 95% CI 0.41–2.33; P = 0.96). The number of serious adverse events was lower in patients assigned to EGDHO (P = 0.02).

Conclusion
Targeting a higher MAP in post-CA patients was safe and improved cerebral oxygenation but did not improve the extent of anoxic brain damage or neurological outcome.
Independent risk factors for disease recurrence after surgery in patients with hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma ≤3 cm in diameter
Authors: He Ling-Ling , Liu Xiao-Li , Zhang Shuan , Li Meng-Ge , Wang Xian-Bo , Jiang Yu-Yong , Yang Zhi-Yun 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Post-operative recurrence rates are high for hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to explore the factors associated with post-operative 1-year recurrence rate in patients with HBV-related HCC who had a single small primary tumor (≤3 cm in diameter).

Methods
This was a retrospective study of 203 (training cohort) and 64 (validation cohort) patients newly diagnosed with HBV-related HCC who had a single small primary tumor. The first year of post-operative follow-up was examined. Factors potentially associated with HCC recurrence were identified using Cox regression analyses. A model was constructed based on the factors identified and the prognostic value of the model was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and calculation of the area under the ROC curve (AUC).

Results
A history of alcoholism and serum levels of α-fetoprotein, total protein and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) were independently associated with 1-year recurrence rate after surgery. A predictive model based on these four factors had an AUC of 0.711 (95% confidence interval, 0.643–0.772) in the training cohort and 0.727 (95% confidence interval, 0.601–0.831) in the validation cohort. The 1-year recurrence rate was significantly lower in the low-risk group than in the high-risk group in both the training cohort (17.0% vs. 49.5%, P < 0.001) and the validation cohort (43.2% vs. 74.1%, P = 0.031).

Conclusion
A history of alcoholism and serum levels of α-fetoprotein, total protein and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase were independently associated with post-operative 1-year recurrence rate in patients with HBV-related HCC who had a single small primary tumor (≤3 cm in diameter).
Numerical approximation of fractional powers of elliptic operators
Authors: Duan Beiping , Lazarov Raytcho D , Pasciak Joseph E 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we develop and study algorithms for approximately solving linear algebraic systems: ${{\mathcal{A}}}_h^\alpha u_h = f_h$, $ 0&lt; \alpha &lt;1$, for $u_h, f_h \in V_h$ with $V_h$ a finite element approximation space. Such problems arise in finite element or finite difference approximations of the problem $ {{\mathcal{A}}}^\alpha u=f$ with ${{\mathcal{A}}}$, for example, coming from a second-order elliptic operator with homogeneous boundary conditions. The algorithms are motivated by the method of Vabishchevich (2015, Numerically solving an equation for fractional powers of elliptic operators. J. Comput. Phys., 282, 289–302) that relates the algebraic problem to a solution of a time-dependent initial value problem on the interval $[0,1]$. Here we develop and study two time-stepping schemes based on diagonal Padé approximation to $(1+x)^{-\alpha }$. The first one uses geometrically graded meshes in order to compensate for the singular behaviour of the solution for $t$ close to $0$. The second algorithm uses uniform time stepping, but requires smoothness of the data $f_h$ in discrete norms. For both methods, we estimate the error in terms of the number of time steps, with the regularity of $f_h$ playing a major role for the second method. Finally, we present numerical experiments for ${{\mathcal{A}}}_h$ coming from the finite element approximations of second-order elliptic boundary value problems in one and two spatial dimensions.
Convex Union Representability and Convex Codes
Authors: Jeffs R Amzi , Novik Isabella 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
We introduce and investigate $d$-convex union representable complexes: the simplicial complexes that arise as the nerve of a finite collection of convex open sets in ${\mathbb{R}}^d$ whose union is also convex. Chen, Frick, and Shiu recently proved that such complexes are collapsible and asked if all collapsible complexes are convex union representable. We disprove this by showing that there exist shellable and collapsible complexes that are not convex union representable; there also exist non-evasive complexes that are not convex union representable. In the process we establish several necessary conditions for a complex to be convex union representable such as that such a complex $\Delta $ collapses onto the star of any face of $\Delta $, that the Alexander dual of $\Delta $ must also be collapsible, and that if $k$ facets of $\Delta $ contain all free faces of $\Delta $, then $\Delta $ is $(k-1)$-representable. We also discuss some sufficient conditions for a complex to be convex union representable. The notion of convex union representability is intimately related to the study of convex neural codes. In particular, our results provide new families of examples of non-convex neural codes.
Gromov–Witten Invariants of Calabi–Yau Manifolds With Two Kähler Parameters
Authors: Lho Hyenho 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
We study the Gromov–Witten theory of $K_{{{\mathbb{P}}}^1\times{{\mathbb{P}}}^1}$ and some Calabi–Yau hypersurfaces in toric varieties. We give a direct geometric proof of the holomorphic anomaly equation for $K_{{{\mathbb{P}}}^1\times{{\mathbb{P}}}^1}$ in the form predicted by B-model physics. We also calculate the closed formula of genus one quasimap invariants of Calabi–Yau hypersurfaces in ${{\mathbb{P}}}^{m-1}\times{{\mathbb{P}}}^{n-1}$ after restricting the 2nd Kähler parameter to zero. By the wall-crossing theorem between Gromov–Witten and quasimap invariants, we thus obtain their genus one Gromov–Witten invariants.
Factors associated with skilled attendants at birth among married adolescent girls in Nigeria: evidence from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey, 2016/2017
Authors: Olakunde Babayemi O , Adeyinka Daniel A , Mavegam Bertille O , Olakunde Olubunmi A , Yahaya Hidayat B , Ajiboye Oluwatosin A , Ogundipe Temitayo , Ezeanolue Echezona E 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis study examines the factors associated with skilled birth attendants at delivery among married adolescent girls in Nigeria.MethodsThe study was a secondary data analysis of the fifth round of the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey conducted between September 2016 and January 2017. Married adolescent girls aged 15–19 y who had live births in the last 2 y preceding the survey were included in the analysis. We performed univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses with a skilled birth attendant (doctor, nurse or midwife) at delivery as the outcome variable and sociodemographic, male partner- and maternal health-related factors as explanatory variables.ResultsOf the 789 married adolescent girls, 387 (27% [95% CI=22.8–30.7]) had a skilled birth attendant at delivery. In the adjusted model, adolescent girls who were aged ≥18 y (ref: &lt;18 y), primiparous (ref: multiparous), had antenatal care (ANC) provided by skilled healthcare providers (ref: no ANC), belonged to at least the poor and middle wealth index quintiles (ref: poorest), and resided in the south west zone (ref: north central), independently had a significantly higher likelihood of having a skilled birth attendant at delivery.ConclusionsInterventions that will reduce pregnancy in younger adolescent girls, poverty, and increase ANC provided by skilled attendants, are likely to improve deliveries assisted by skilled birth attendants among married adolescent girls in Nigeria.
How to rebuild the kidney: recent advances in kidney organoids
Authors: Islam Mazharul , Nishinakamura Ryuichi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIt is difficult to restore kidney function once it has become severely impaired. Although kidney transplantation is a curative therapy, donor numbers remain limited. Thus, the generation of kidney organoids (mainly comprising glomeruli and renal tubules) from multipotent stem cells represents an important advance in regenerative medicine of the kidney. Recently, a protocol that can generate the higher-order structure of the mouse embryonic kidney was reported. Kidney organoids are now being used for disease modelling, and may eventually be applicable for clinical transplantation. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in kidney organoid research, and discuss the issues to be resolved toward kidney reconstruction.
Susceptibility of Cotton Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) to Spinosyns
Authors: Rolim Guilherme G , Arruda Lucas S , Torres Jorge B , Barros Eduardo M , Fernandes Marcos G 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe control of boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boh., relies primarily on synthetic insecticides. Although insecticides are registered to spray cotton fields against boll weevils, only a few offer satisfactory control and most have broad-spectrum action. Alternatively, spinosyns have been recommended against lepidopteran pest species in cotton and are considered comparatively of reduced risk to nontargets. The susceptibility of nine populations of boll weevil to spinosad and spinetoram was determined through dried residue on squares and cotton leaves. Furthermore, control efficacy of spinosad and spinetoram compared with the standard organophosphate malathion was determined for caged adults at two different positions within the plant canopy or treated cotton leaves after different spray intervals. Boll weevil susceptibility varied across the nine populations and tested spinosyns. The lethal concentrations (LC50s and LC90s) varied from 8.62 to 32.25 and 49.86 to 281.70 mg a.i./l for spinosad and from 2.17 to 15.36 and 8.58 to 69.36 mg a.i./l for spinetoram. The location of boll weevil within the plant canopy affected the insecticide efficacy with higher mortality when caged on upper parts rather than on lower parts of cotton plants (>85% vs <45% of control) across all three insecticides. In addition, dried residues of spinosyns resulted in adult mortality >80% until the end of the evaluation period (8 d), while the standard malathion caused only 10% at this last evaluation time. Thus, we can conclude that both spinosyns promoted prolonged adult mortality using recommended field rates compared with the standard malathion.
Latent Lyme Disease Resulting in Chronic Arthritis and Early Career Termination in a United States Army Officer
Authors: Weiss Thomas , Zhu Peter , White Hannah , Posner Matthew , Wickiser J Kenneth , Washington Michael A , Barnhill Jason 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Lyme disease is a continuing threat to military personnel operating in arboriferous and mountainous environments. Here we present the case of a 24-year-old Second Lieutenant, a recent graduate from the United States Military Academy, with a history of Lyme disease who developed recurrent knee effusions following surgery to correct a hip impingement. Although gonococcal arthritis was initially suspected from preliminary laboratory results, a comprehensive evaluation contradicted this diagnosis. Despite antibiotic therapy, aspiration of the effusions, and steroid treatment to control inflammation, the condition of the patient deteriorated to the point where he was found to be unfit for duty and subsequently discharged from active military service. This case illustrates the profound effect that latent Lyme disease can have on the quality of life and the career of an active duty military member. It highlights the need for increased surveillance for Borrelia burgdorferi (B. burgdorferi) in military training areas and for the early and aggressive diagnosis and treatment of military personnel who present with the symptoms of acute Lyme disease.
The Role of CT Angiography in Evaluating Lower Extremity Trauma: 157 Patient Case Series at a Military Treatment Facility
Authors: Kelly Sean P , Rambau Genevieve , Tennent David J , Osborn Patrick M 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Physical exam and angiography have important roles in the diagnosis of traumatic lower extremity vascular injury with similar reported high rates of sensitivity and specificity. It has been previously shown that CTA is not universally indicated in the setting of acute lower extremity trauma when a reliable physical examination is obtained. As such, the purpose of this study was to determine if obtaining a CTA following physical examination altered the clinical care of patients following high-energy lower extremity trauma and the generalizability to the military population.

Materials and Methods
Retrospective review of all patients who underwent lower extremity CTA during the initial trauma evaluation at a Level 1 Trauma Center from 2007 to 2014.

Results
One hundred and fifty-seven patients met inclusion criteria. One hundred and seventeen patient’s initial physical exam excluded limb ischemia with 67 vascular injuries on CTA (9 underwent angiogram in the OR) with no reperfusions required. 40 patients had hard signs of ischemia or ABI’s &lt;0.90, 29 had injuries on CTA, and fifteen underwent a vascular reperfusion procedure for acute vascular injury. Ten of 15 reperfusions required no further angiography after CTA. The sensitivity and negative predictive value of physical exam for needed reperfusion were both 100%. There were no instances of missed vascular injury or readmission and 53 patients were discharged directly from the emergency room after a negative CTA.

Conclusions
This study suggests that physical exam alone achieves a high sensitivity for vascular injury in lower extremity trauma. Physical exam excluded all lower extremity ischemia without the need for advanced imaging. While CTA was useful to confirm and localize the source of acute vascular injury, the majority of vascular injuries identified on CTA did not affect immediate clinical care and lead to additional unnecessary procedures. However, in patients with suspected vascular injury, a negative CTA was also used as rationale for immediate discharge from the emergency department without further clinical observation. When applied to the deployed military setting the results of this study support the use of physical exam to accurately diagnose limb threatening ischemia at the time of injury or Role 1 facilities with CTA reserved for diagnosing the level of the vascular injury and for potential patient clearance prior to prolonged evacuation.
Equine Assisted Therapy for Patients with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Case Series Study
Authors: Shelef Assaf , Brafman Dorit , Rosing Thom , Weizman Abraham , Stryjer Rafael , Barak Yoram 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntroductionEquine assisted therapy (EAT) which includes therapeutic horseback riding (THR), grooming, horsemanship and ground level work with horses, has been studied as treatment for children with special needs and/or autistic spectrum disorder. Preliminary evidence indicates that EAT is also effective for improving self-efficacy and self-esteem in adults with psychiatric disorders. Empowerment, bonding and building trust with the horses, may promote functioning of patients struggling with post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).The authors performed a prospective, pilot open case series study to assess the effect of EAT on patients with PTSD in terms of symptoms and functioning in work, family and social interaction.MethodsPatients with PTSD received EAT once a week for 3 consecutive hours for 6 months. The Short Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Rating Interview (SPRINT) and the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) were assessed at baseline, the SDS after 1 and 6 months, and the SPRINT after 6 months.ResultsThirteen of 23 participants completed the study. Ten participants withdrew from the study for various reasons including discomfort from horses. Total SPRINT scores showed a statistically significant improvement in PTSD symptoms (baseline vs. 6 months: 24.38 ± 6.4 vs. 21.54 ± 7.94 points; p &lt; 0.05). SPRINT scores indicated improvement in the ability to work and perform daily tasks (p &lt; 0.05). A statistically significant improvement in the total SDS score was revealed following 1 month (p &lt; 0.03) and after 6 months (p &lt; 0.02) of EAT. There was also a significant decline in the days of inefficiency (baseline vs. 6 months: 4.15 ± 2.73 vs, 1.88 ± 2.18 days per week, p &lt; 0.02).ConclusionThis preliminary pilot open case series study suggests that EAT may be a beneficial treatment for patients suffering from PTSD. The study demonstrated improved ability to work and perform daily tasks and reduction in the number of days of inefficiency. Further large-scale long-term studies are warranted to substantiate our observation.
Constraining the stellar mass function from the deficiency of tidal disruption flares in the nuclei of massive galaxies
Authors: D’Orazio Daniel J , Loeb Abraham , Guillochon James 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
The rate of tidal disruption flares (TDFs) per mass of the disrupting black hole encodes information on the present-day mass function (PDMF) of stars in the clusters surrounding super massive black holes. We explore how the shape of the TDF rate with black hole mass can constrain the PDMF, with only weak dependence on black hole spin. We show that existing data can marginally constrain the minimum and maximum masses of stars in the cluster, and the high-mass end of the PDMF slope, as well as the overall TDF rate. With $\mathcal {O}(100)$ TDFs expected to be identified with the Zwicky Transient Facility, the overall rate can be highly constrained, but still with only marginal constraints on the PDMF. However, if ${\lesssim } 10 {{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the TDFs expected to be found by LSST over a decade ($\mathcal {O}(10^3)$ TDFs) are identified, then precise and accurate estimates can be made for the minimum stellar mass (within a factor of 2) and the average slope of the high-mass PDMF (to within $\mathcal {O}(10{{\ \rm per\ cent}})$) in nuclear star clusters. This technique could be adapted in the future to probe, in addition to the PDMF, the local black hole mass function and possibly the massive black hole binary population.
MOVES – II. Tuning in to the radio environment of HD189733b
Authors: Kavanagh R D , Vidotto A A , Ó. Fionnagáin D , Bourrier V , Fares R , Jardine M , Helling Ch , Moutou C , Llama J , Wheatley P J 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
We present stellar wind modelling of the hot Jupiter host HD189733, and predict radio emission from the stellar wind and the planet, the latter arising from the interaction of the stellar wind with the planetary magnetosphere. Our stellar wind models incorporate surface stellar magnetic field maps at the epochs 2013 June/July, 2014 September, and 2015 July as boundary conditions. We find that the mass-loss rate, angular momentum loss rate, and open magnetic flux of HD189733 vary by 9 per cent, 40 per cent, and 19 per cent over these three epochs. Solving the equations of radiative transfer, we find that from 10 MHz–100 GHz the stellar wind emits fluxes in the range of 10−3–5 μJy, and becomes optically thin above 10 GHz. Our planetary radio emission model uses the radiometric Bode’s law, and neglects the presence of a planetary atmosphere. For assumed planetary magnetic fields of 1–10 G, we estimate that the planet emits at frequencies of 2–25 MHz, with peak flux densities of 102 mJy. We find that the planet orbits through regions of the stellar wind that are optically thick to the emitted frequency from the planet. As a result, unattenuated planetary radio emission can only propagate out of the system and reach the observer for 67 per cent of the orbit for a 10 G planetary field, corresponding to when the planet is approaching and leaving primary transit. We also find that the plasma frequency of the stellar wind is too high to allow propagation of the planetary radio emission below 21 MHz. This means a planetary field of at least 8 G is required to produce detectable radio emission.
Non-linear evolution of the resonant drag instability in magnetized gas
Authors: Seligman Darryl , Hopkins Philip F , Squire Jonathan 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
We investigate, for the first time, the non-linear evolution of the magnetized ‘resonant drag instabilities’ (RDIs). We explore magnetohydrodynamic simulations of gas mixed with (uniform) dust grains subject to Lorentz and drag forces, using the gizmo code. The magnetized RDIs exhibit fundamentally different behaviour than purely acoustic RDIs. The dust organizes into coherent structures and the system exhibits strong dust–gas separation. In the linear and early non-linear regime, the growth rates agree with linear theory and the dust self-organizes into 2D planes or ‘sheets.’ Eventually the gas develops fully non-linear, saturated Alfvénic, and compressible fast-mode turbulence, which fills the underdense regions with a small amount of dust, and drives a dynamo that saturates at equipartition of kinetic and magnetic energy. The dust density fluctuations exhibit significant non-Gaussianity, and the power spectrum is strongly weighted towards the largest (box scale) modes. The saturation level can be understood via quasi-linear theory, as the forcing and energy input via the instabilities become comparable to saturated tension forces and dissipation in turbulence. The magnetized simulation presented here is just one case; it is likely that the magnetic RDIs can take many forms in different parts of parameter space.