bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Partial Correctness of a Factorial Algorithm
Authors: Jaszczak Adrian , Korniłowicz Artur 
Published: July 2019

Summary
In this paper we present a formalization in the Mizar system [3],[1] of the partial correctness of the algorithm:

i := val.1
j := val.2
n := val.3
s := val.4
while (i <> n)
i := i + j
s := s * i
return s

computing the factorial of given natural number n, where variables i, n, s are located as values of a V-valued Function, loc, as: loc/.1 = i, loc/.3 = n and loc/.4 = s, and the constant 1 is located in the location loc/.2 = j (set V represents simple names of considered nominative data [16]).
This work continues a formal verification of algorithms written in terms of simple-named complex-valued nominative data [6],[8],[14],[10],[11],[12]. The validity of the algorithm is presented in terms of semantic Floyd-Hoare triples over such data [9]. Proofs of the correctness are based on an inference system for an extended Floyd-Hoare logic [2],[4] with partial pre- and post-conditions [13],[15],[7],[5].
Partial Correctness of a Power Algorithm
Authors: Jaszczak Adrian 
Published: July 2019

Summary
This work continues a formal verification of algorithms written in terms of simple-named complex-valued nominative data [6],[8],[15],[11],[12],[13]. In this paper we present a formalization in the Mizar system [3],[1] of the partial correctness of the algorithm:

i := val.1
j := val.2
b := val.3
n := val.4
s := val.5
while (i <> n)
i := i + j
s := s * b
return s

computing the natural n power of given complex number b, where variables i, b, n, s are located as values of a V-valued Function, loc, as: loc/.1 = i, loc/.3 = b, loc/.4 = n and loc/.5 = s, and the constant 1 is located in the location loc/.2 = j (set V represents simple names of considered nominative data [17]).
The validity of the algorithm is presented in terms of semantic Floyd-Hoare triples over such data [9]. Proofs of the correctness are based on an inference system for an extended Floyd-Hoare logic [2],[4] with partial pre- and post-conditions [14],[16],[7],[5].
Diophantine Sets. Part II
Authors: Pąk Karol 
Published: July 2019

Summary
The article is the next in a series aiming to formalize the MDPR-theorem using the Mizar proof assistant [3], [6], [4]. We analyze four equations from the Diophantine standpoint that are crucial in the bounded quantifier theorem, that is used in one of the approaches to solve the problem.
Based on our previous work [1], we prove that the value of a given binomial coefficient and factorial can be determined by its arguments in a Diophantine way. Then we prove that two products

z
=

∏

i
=
1

x

(

1
+
i
⋅
y

)

,

z
=

∏

i
=
1

x

(

y
+
1
-
j

)

,

(
0.1
)

$$z = \prod\limits_{i = 1}^x {\left( {1 + i \cdot y} \right),\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,} z = \prod\limits_{i = 1}^x {\left( {y + 1 - j} \right),\,\,\,\,\,\,(0.1)} $$

where y > x are Diophantine.
The formalization follows [10], Z. Adamowicz, P. Zbierski [2] as well as M. Davis [5].
Formalization of the MRDP Theorem in the Mizar System
Authors: Pąk Karol 
Published: July 2019

Summary
This article is the final step of our attempts to formalize the negative solution of Hilbert’s tenth problem.
In our approach, we work with the Pell’s Equation defined in [2]. We analyzed this equation in the general case to show its solvability as well as the cardinality and shape of all possible solutions. Then we focus on a special case of the equation, which has the form x
2
− (a
2 − 1)y
2 = 1 [8] and its solutions considered as two sequences

{

x

i

(
a
)

}

i
=
0

∞

,

{

y

i

(
a
)

}

i
=
0

∞

$\left\{ {{x_i}(a)} \right\}_{i = 0}^\infty ,\left\{ {{y_i}(a)} \right\}_{i = 0}^\infty$

. We showed in [1] that the n-th element of these sequences can be obtained from lists of several basic Diophantine relations as linear equations, finite products, congruences and inequalities, or more precisely that the equation x = y
i(a) is Diophantine. Following the post-Matiyasevich results we show that the equality determined by the value of the power function y = x
z is Diophantine, and analogously property in cases of the binomial coe cient, factorial and several product [9].
In this article, we combine analyzed so far Diophantine relation using conjunctions, alternatives as well as substitution to prove the bounded quantifier theorem. Based on this theorem we prove MDPR-theorem that every recursively enumerable set is Diophantine, where recursively enumerable sets have been defined by the Martin Davis normal form.
The formalization by means of Mizar system [5], [7], [4] follows [10], Z. Adamowicz, P. Zbierski [3] as well as M. Davis [6].
Dry grasslands of the central valleys of the Alps from a European perspective: the example of Ausserberg (Valais, Switzerland)
Authors: Dengler Jürgen , Widmer Stefan , Staubli Eline , Babbi Manuel , Gehler Jamyra , Hepenstrick Daniel , Bergamini Ariel , Billeter Regula , Boch Steffen , Rohrer Sven , Dembicz Iwona 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The upper Rhone valley in the Swiss canton of Valais is one of the driest and most continental of the inner-alpine valleys and harbours a rich xerothermic flora. We studied syntaxonomy and ecology of dry grasslands and their species richness patterns. In 2018 we recorded 28 vegetation plots (10 m2) and three nested-plot series of 0.0001 to 100 m2 on the south-facing slopes above the village of Ausserberg. Mean richness of all species ranged from 1.7 on 1 cm2 to 47.3 on 100 m2, with little contribution of bryophytes and lichens. The species-area relationship for total richness closely followed a power function. Modified TWINSPAN yielded a three-cluster solution, which could easily be matched with three orders of the class Festuco-Brometea: Stipo pulcherrimae-Festucetalia pallentis (xeric, rocky), Festucetalia valesiacae (xeric, non-rocky) and Brachypodietalia pinnati (meso-xeric). The subdivision of the xeric types into two orders is new for Swiss dry grasslands, where these types up to now had been joined in a single alliance Stipo-Poion within the Festucetalia valesiacae.
Conservation and diversity of Palaearctic grasslands – Editorial to the 5th EDGG special issue in Hacquetia
Authors: Valkó Orsolya , Labadessa Rocco , Palpurina Salza , Burrascano Sabina , Ushimaru Atushi , Venn Stephen 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Palaearctic grasslands are diverse and dynamic ecosystems that are in the focus of ecology, conservation biology and agronomy. This special issue is dedicated to the biodiversity and conservation issues of Palaearctic grasslands and was initiated by the Eurasian Dry Grassland Group members attending the 14th Eurasian Dry Grassland Conference (EDGC) at Sulmona, Italy in 2018. The papers in this special issue cover a wide range of grassland ecosystems from mountain dry grasslands to lowland loess grasslands, feathergrass steppes and wet grasslands, and focus on the biodiversity values and conservation issues of Palaearctic grasslands. We believe that this compilation will contribute to a better understanding of the ecology of grasslands and support their more effective conservation.
Russian Arctic Sector Boundaries: The International Issues of Legal Regime in the Arctic Region
Authors: Shvelidze Sofiya 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Research purpose. The regime of maritime spaces as a general rule ‘is determined by the principles and norms of international law relating to the oceans and enshrined in the Geneva Convention on the Law of the Sea of 1958 and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 1982(UNCLOS). However, the issue is that UNCLOS practically does not fix any special regime on the Arctic, bearing in mind that the use of the Arctic spaces is rather effectively regulated at the national levels. Arctic issues in this regard lacked in-depth analysis, and no attempts to develop specific norms and approaches with regard to the Arctic region were made, with the exception of Article 234 of UNCLOS, which is related to the right of the coastal States to ‘regulate navigation’ in its Exclusive Economic Zones. The purpose of the current research is to analyse how far a State may go in the process of establishment of the laws and regulations while exercising the right granted by Article 234, with the particular focus made on the position taken by the Russian Federation.

Design / Methodology / Approach. In order to achieve the aims of the research, a descriptive method was chosen as the method for clarification on the legal regime currently applicable in the Russian Arctic Sector, in particular supported by the dogmatic method, in order to understand and explain the position taken by the legislative bodies.

Findings. The result of the research is the attempts to satisfy how having interests and stakes in the region of high overall salience contributes to prioritization by Russian Federation of its rights over the region by restrictions imposed on the navigational freedoms granted to the States by UNCLOS. Additionally, suggestions are made in respect of the possible solutions necessary in order to strike a balance between national interests of the Arctic States and rights of others States to access the area without causing any harm to the environment and security of the region.
On Mate Choice in two Xerophilic Species of Land Snails, Brephulopsis cylindrica (Pulmonata, Enidae) and Xeropicta derbentina (Pulmonata, Hygromiidae)
Authors: Kramarenko S. S. , Kramarenko A. S. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The cases of assortative mating are known in varied species of Gastropoda, however it is unclear how widely distributed this reproductive strategy is across the class. The data concerning land snails (Stylommatophora) are especially contradictory. By using two model species of stylommatophoran mollusks, Brephulopsis cylindrica (Menke, 1828) and Xeropicta derbentina (Krynicki, 1836), we conducted a long-term observation of their copulatory behavior in Southern Ukraine. In X. derbentina, a clear pattern of the positive assortative mating with respect to body size was found, whereas assortative mating in relation to shell banding polymorphism was revealed in 2 cases out of 7. B. cylindrica snails copulate with any available mate partner, regardless of its size.
PENGARUH PERENCANAAN PAJAK TERHADAP MANAJEMEN LABA PADA PERUSAHAAN NON MANUFAKTUR YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI
Authors: Zubaidah Siti Nuraida 
Published: July 2019

Alat analisis yang digunakan adalah melakukan tabulasi terhadap laporan keuangan perusahaan non-manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia, Pengumpulan data dan laporan keuangan perusahaan dilakukan dengan teknik dokumentasi, yaitu dengan cara mengcopy data perusahaan. Data dikumpulkan, diseleksi, lalu diambil sampel untuk kemudian diolah dalam penelitian. Hipotesis dalam penelitian ini adalah terdapat pengaruh perencanaan pajak terhadap manajemen laba. Untuk menguji hipotesis ini digunakan alat analisis data berupa regresi linier sederhana.Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh berdasarkan Uji Hipotesis yaitu Uji menunjukkan adanya pengaruh perencanaan pajak terhadap manajemen laba. Pada Uji t untuk variabel Perencanaan Pajak (X) dengan tingkat signifikan sebesar 0,004, maka dapat dinyatakan memiliki pengaruh secara parsial terhadap Manajemen Laba (Y) pada 10 perusahaan non- manufaktur yang diteliti dan terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia serta mempublikasikan laporan keuangan secara berturut-turut selama tahun 2014 – 2016. Sedangkan pada hasil Uji Koefisien Determinasi (R2) dapat diketahui R2 yang diperoleh adalah sebesar 0,518 atau 51,8%. Angka tersebut memberikan arti bahwa Manajemen Laba (Y) dipengaruhi oleh Perencanaan Pajak (X) sebesar 51,8%
Evaluation of novel and superior formulation CaroTexTM developed by Biofusion Technology
Authors: Sneha Bagle  , Suraj Muke  , Sagar Saha  , Shankarnarayanan Jayakodi  , Arunkanth Krishnakumar  , Sadhana Sathaye  
Published: July 2019

Per WHO, vitamin A deficiency is a systemic disease affecting cells, organs throughout the body. The gradual depletion of vitamin A stores results in xerophthalmia, night blindness, xerosis etc., reversed by vitamin A therapy. Beta-Carotene, a carotenoid, is the precursor of vitamin A, which cannot be synthesized by the human body. Hence beta carotene formulation has gathered considerable attention in the healthcare industry. Hydrophobicity of Beta carotene being a major challenge in the formulation, Zeushygia Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd (Telangana India) developed a novel beta carotene formulation, CaroTex, with enhanced bioavailability. The present study assesses the bioavailability of CaroTex in a rodent model. The animals were divided into 5 groups, Normal Control, Vehicle Control, Standard beta Carotene, Comparator and CaroTex. As rats efficiently convert beta carotene into vitamin A, high dose of beta-carotene (50mg/kg) was given orally for 7 consecutive days. Beta carotene, its metabolic product retinal were measured in rat liver. It was observed that beta carotene concentration in rats fed with CaroTex was about 1.70, 2.55 times higher than Comparator and control respectively whereas the concentration of retinal was the same in all groups. It is evident from this study that novel formulation technology (BioFusion Technology) of CaroTex reflects in relatively higher concentration levels of beta carotene.
Entrelugares: o professor universitário frente às novas tecnologias de ensino
Authors: Batista Eni Abadia 
Published: July 2019

Este artigo apresenta reflexões acerca das práticas discursivas que incidem na constituição da identidade do docente universitário frente às competências exigidas para o uso das novas tecnologias no ensino superior. Tal discussão nasce do exame de diálogos como parte das práticas sociais, dentro do enquadre de Fairclough (2001). Com as transformações que ocorrem no mundo, é natural que se adote uma nova forma de produzir a vida social, o que, consequentemente, gera também novas concepções dos sujeitos envolvidos no processo de ensino. São mudanças que se refletem na individualização das referências, determinando o que Bhabha (1998) chama de “entrelugares.” A questão do sujeito está fundamentada na Teoria Social do Discurso deFairclough (2001), que defende a mobilidade das identidades, conforme o momento da prática social – os sujeitos sociais são moldados pelas práticas discursivas, mas são também capazes de remodelar essas práticas. Para a análise, optou-se pela seleção de recortes de entrevista realizada com professores do curso de Letras e pela observação de eventos discursivos em situação de utilização das novas tecnologias de ensino para desenvolvimento das atividades que compõem as disciplinas.
O blogue corporativo como representação empresarial
Authors: Marques Gorete 
Published: July 2019

proliferaram no universo empresarial ferramentas de comunicação multimodais ligadas à Internet, nomeadamente sítios Web e blogues corporativos. Cabe, neste artigo, o objectivo de analisar as representações multimodais presentes no blogue de um grupo empresarial português. Procura-se, com efeito, a análise das escolhas verbais e visuais, de forma a compreender de que forma o grupo empresarial se representa. Para cumprir este objectivo, seguem-se os princípios da Linguística Sistémico-Funcional (HALLIDAY, 1994, 2004) e da Semiótica Social (KRESS; van LEEUWEN, 1996, 2006) aplicados ao Discurso Empresarial. Os instrumentos analíticos centram-se no sistema da transitividade de Halliday e nas estruturas de representação visual da GramáticaVisual. Os principais resultados desta análise revelam que, apesar de não cumprir o objectivo de interactividade inerente a este género textual, o blogue representa o grupo empresarial agrupando diferentes recursos e géneros. Conclui-se que o blogue tem uma missão interna e externa, sendo ogrupo representado com base em dois universos: o da acção e o da caracterização. O grupo é uma entidade animada e humana que reflecte e age sobre a qualidade e o meio ambiente, mas é igualmente representado pelos seus atributos.
Legislação e inclusão educacional à luz da ADC
Authors: Assunção Candice 
Published: July 2019

Este trabalho analisa a ideologia em alguns marcos legais da educação inclusiva, bem como no discurso de alguns professores acerca dessa proposta de Ensino. Ele busca, principalmente, entender as razões da resistência à execução da perspectiva inclusiva no ambiente escolar. Assim sendo, pretende-se aqui provocar uma reflexão sobre as dificuldades da implantação dessa proposta. Esta pesquisa se apoia na metodologia qualitativa, utilizando-se das teorias e dosmétodos de Análise de Discurso Crítica de Fairclough (2001 e 2003), bem como da teoria sobre ideologia de Thompson (1995). Essas abordagens se entrelaçam e servem aqui como ponto de apoio para entender a elaboração e a interpretação do texto legal que fundamenta a educação inclusiva.
Evaluation of Moisture Susceptibility for Modified Open Graded Friction Course Mixes Used Styrene Butadiene Styrene
Authors: Ahmed Miran Bahyam , Abed Alaa Hussein , Al-Badran Yasir Mawla Hammood 
Published: July 2019

Open-graded-fraction-course (OGFC), is a hot asphalt mixture usually utilized as a private purpose wearing course, because of open graded asphalt mixture and aggregates skeleton (stone-on-stone) contact, it contain a relatively high air voids’ percentage, after compaction which are permeable to water. In this research one type of gradation was used (12.5 mm) NMAS, to preparing the OGFC asphalt mixtures, penetration grade 40/50, crushed aggregate, asphalt content prepared with 4 % and up to 6 % by weight of mixture with 0.5 % increments. Optimum asphalt content (OAC) was selected based on these criteria, air voids content, asphalt draindown, permeability, and abrasion resistance (aged and un-aged) condition. The mix performance had been investigated by indirect tensile strength and moisture susceptibility (sensitivity) measured according to the (AASHTO T283-14). Results illustrate that the increasing of asphalt binder content leads to a decrease of the air voids content, abrasion loss and permeability values, while draindown increase, conversely, the indirect tensile strength (ITS) had been significantly increased for both conditions and this is a gaod suggestion to resistance alongside moisture susceptibility. It can be decided that the increasing of asphalt binder percent in OGFC asphalt mixture, leads to an increase in the thickness of binder coating around the aggregates. On the other hand, the influence of modifier that prepared with 4% styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) on OGFC asphalt mixture tends to improve the mix properties and exhibit higher (TSR) as compared with original asphalt by (31, 27.7 and 24.4) % at asphalt percent (4.8, 5.3 and 5.8) %, respectively. The SBS improved the adhesion between aggregate and asphalt which leads to reduce stripping of HMA, horizontal deformation, and increased the tensile stiffness modulus value.
Effect of Alumina (Al2O3) Particles on The Mechanical Properties of Magnesium (Mg)
Authors: Abed Zaid Hayder Muneam , Abed Abdul Rahman N. , Hasan Hala Salman 
Published: July 2019

In the present study, magnesium-based composites reinforced with different volume fractions (3, 5, 10, and 15) vol.% of micro sized Al2O3 particulates were fabricated by powder metallurgy technique which involves mixed, compacted and sintered. Powders were mixed by ball milling (without balls) for 6 hours at rotation speed 60 rpm. Then powder was compacted at 550 MPa and sintered at 530˚C for 2 hours. Microstructures of sintered composites have been investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) energy dispersive. SEM image of sinter samples exhibit good bonding between the magnesium matrix and the alumina. The microhardness and wear resistance of micro composites has been improved significantly compared to that of pure magnesium. Highest value of microhardness is 97 HV at the volume fraction of 10 vol.% Al2O3.
ANALISIS TINGKAT KEPUASAN KONSUMEN TERHADAP PRODUK JUS PALA KUD TOMASIWA MORELLA DI KOTA AMBON
Authors: Iskandar Masitha , Turukay Martha , Leatemia Ester D 
Published: July 2019

Koperasi Unit Desa (KUD) Tomasiwa merupakan salah satu unit usaha yang memproduksi jus pala Morella Kabupaten Maluku Tengah, yang dapat ditemukan dikalangan masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses pengambilan keputusan dalam membeli jus pala, dan tingkat kepuasan konsumen dalam mengkonsumsi jus pala. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa data primer dan data sekunder kemudian dianalisis menggunakan skala likert. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 30 orang responden menggunakan Teknik convenience sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keputusan pembelian melewati beberapa tahapan, yaitu tahapan pengenalan kebutuhan produk yang dikonsumsi oleh konsumen, pencarian informasi melalui saudara/keluarga yang banyak mendominasi (60%), evaluasi alternatif (harga 17%, Kualitas 40%, tempat tinggal/kerja 30%, rasa 13%), proses pembelian dan evaluasi pasca pembelian secara terencana (57%). Perhitungan kepuasan konsumen menggunakan metode Customer Satisfaction Index didapatkan hasil kepuasan konsumen jus pala Morella yaitu sebesar 76,84%.
ANALISIS POTENSI DAN STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN TANAMAN SAYURAN (STUDI KASUS DI NEGERI TAWIRI KECAMATAN TELUK AMBON)
Authors: Melsasail Aloysia , Siwalette Jeter D , Puttileihalat Paulus M 
Published: July 2019

Sayuran merupakan tanaman pangan sebagai kebutuhan pokok masyarakat Kota Ambon, padahal petani yang mengelolah lahan pertanian untuk pengembangan tanaman sayuran sangat sedikit jumlahnya, fakta menunjukan bahwa lahan yang dikelolah untuk memproduksi tanaman sayur adalah petani pendatang dengan mengontrak lahan milik petani lokal (Negeri Tawiri ), hal ini menunjukan bahwa potensi lahan untuk dikembangkan tanaman sayuran masih sangat memungkinkan.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1) mengetahui potensi petani dalam melaksanakan tanaman sayuran di Negeri Tawiri; 2) Mengetahui strategi pengembangan tanaman sayuran di negeri Tawiri. Sampel diambil secara sensus ke semua petani dengan jumlah 33 orang responden . Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan analisis SWOT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1). potensi petani sayuran dalam mengoptimalkan lahan yang sempit sehingga dapat meningkatkan pendapatan mereka.; 2) Strategi pengembangan tanaman sayuran sangat tergantung pada kemampuan sumber daya manusia dalam mengembangkan usahatani.