bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Absence of the ACE N-Domain Decreases Renal Inflammation and Facilitates Sodium Excretion during Diabetic Kidney Disease
Authors: Eriguchi Masahiro , Bernstein Ellen A. , Veiras Luciana C. , Khan Zakir , Cao Duo Yao , Fuchs Sebastien , McDonough Alicia A. , Toblli Jorge E. , Gonzalez-Villalobos Romer A. , Bernstein Kenneth E. , Giani Jorge F. 
Published: September 2018

Background
Recent evidence emphasizes the critical role of inflammation in the development of diabetic nephropathy. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) plays an active role in regulating the renal inflammatory response associated with diabetes. Studies have also shown that ACE has roles in inflammation and the immune response that are independent of angiotensin II. ACE’s two catalytically independent domains, the N- and C-domains, can process a variety of substrates other than angiotensin I.

Methods
To examine the relative contributions of each ACE domain to the sodium retentive state, renal inflammation, and renal injury associated with diabetic kidney disease, we used streptozotocin to induce diabetes in wild-type mice and in genetic mouse models lacking either a functional ACE N-domain (NKO mice) or C-domain (CKO mice).

Results
In response to a saline challenge, diabetic NKO mice excreted 32% more urinary sodium compared with diabetic wild-type or CKO mice. Diabetic NKO mice also exhibited 55% less renal epithelial sodium channel cleavage (a marker of channel activity), 55% less renal IL-1β, 53% less renal TNF-α, and 53% less albuminuria than diabetic wild-type mice. This protective phenotype was not associated with changes in renal angiotensin II levels. Further, we present evidence that the anti-inflammatory tetrapeptide N-acetyl-seryl-asparyl-lysyl-proline (AcSDKP), an ACE N-domain–specific substrate that accumulates in the urine of NKO mice, mediates the beneficial effects observed in the NKO.

Conclusions
These data indicate that increasing AcSDKP by blocking the ACE N-domain facilitates sodium excretion and ameliorates diabetic kidney disease independent of intrarenal angiotensin II regulation.
Refletindo sobre a produção textual no 5º ano
Authors: Silva Antonio de Pádua Dias da 
Published: September 2018

O objetivo deste artigo é refletir sobre o compromisso e o planejamento para a prática da escrita no 5º ano do fundamental I. A pesquisa-ação propôs atividades interventivas em sala de aula, desenvolvendo estratégias capazes de subsidiar o aluno quanto ao domínio dessa competência. A intervenção deu-se em uma escola pública e rural do interior da Paraíba, em uma classe multisseriada (4º e 5º anos). O problema da pesquisa reside no fato de que ao aluno não são dadas condições necessárias para o desenvolvimento eficaz da escrita, o que resulta em ações docentes, muitas vezes, dispedagógicas e promotoras de uma discapacidade do aluno. Trabalha-se com a hipótese da reversão dos déficits de escrita, sobretudo, daqueles provocados pelo professor, pela escola e pelos modos de abordagens.
STUDI EKSPERIMEN PENGGUNAAN MEDIA LEAFLET DAN VIDEO BAHAYA MEROKOK PADA REMAJA
Authors: Kasman Kasman , Noorhidayah Noorhidayah , Persada Kasuma Bakti 
Published: September 2018

Abstrak Proses pendidikan kesehatan dalam mencapai tujuan melalui perubahan perilaku remaja yang dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor diantaranya yaitu materi atau pesan yang disampaikan alat peraga, metode dari petugas atau pendidik yang melakukan promosi kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbedaan pengaruh antara penggunaan media leaflet dan video terhadap pengetahuan bahaya merokok pada remaja. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Eksperimen-Semu dengan rancangan penelitian Pretest and Posttest without Control Group Design dengan menggunakan media leaflet dan video sebagai bentuk edukasi pada 40 remaja. Pengukuran pengetahuan pre-test dan post-test menggunakan kuesioner kemudian dilakukan analisis degan uji t. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedua penggunaan media leaflet dan video sama efektif dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan remaja tentang bahaya merokok. Ada perbedaan pengaruh antara kelompok video dan leaflet, dimana nilai p = 0.004 ≤ α = 0,05, diketahui rata-rata peningkatan sebelum dan sesudah diberi pendidikan kesehatan dari kelompok leaflet adalah 36,67 dan kelompok media video adalah 22,48. Media leaflet lebih efektif dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan remaja tentang bahaya merokok dibandingkan video, walaupun kelompok media video juga menunjukkan peningkatan rata-rata pengetahuan. Kata-kata kunci: Leaflet, video, pengetahuan, bahaya merokok, remaja Abstract The process of education health in achieving its objectives by the behavior teenager influenced by several factors including the matter or the message was props, methods of a clerk or educator who promote health. The purpose of this research to know the difference between the use of the influence of the media leaflets and video on knowledge about the dangers of smoking on teenage. The type of this research is a quasi-experiment with research design of Pretest and Posttest without Control Group by using leaflet and video media as a form of education on 40 adolescents. Measurement of pre-test knowledge and post-test using questionnaire then analyzed by t test. The results show that both the use of leaflets and video media is equally effective in enhancing adolescent knowledge about the dangers of smoking. There is a difference of influence between video groups and leaflets, where the value p = 0.004 ≤ α = 0.05, known that the average increase before and after being given health education from leaflet group is 36,67 and video media group is 22,48. leaflets are more effective in increasing adolescent knowledge about the dangers of smoking than video, although video media groups also show an average increase in knowledge. Keywords : Leaflets, videos, knowledge, dangers of smoking, youth
In Vivo Three-Dimensional Analysis of Malunited Forearm Diaphyseal Fractures with Forearm Rotational Restriction
Authors: Abe Shingo , Murase Tsuyoshi , Oka Kunihiro , Shigi Atsuo , Tanaka Hiroyuki , Yoshikawa Hideki 
Published: September 2018

Background:
The aim of this study was to clarify the mechanisms of rotational restriction in malunited forearm diaphyseal fractures.

Methods:
We retrospectively analyzed the cases of 18 patients with malunited forearm diaphyseal fractures and rotational restriction. All patients underwent bilateral computed tomography (CT) of the forearm in maximum supination, pronation, and neutral positions. From these images, we created 3-dimensional (3-D) bone surface models. We quantified the 3-D deformities, identified instances of osseous impingement between the radius and the ulna during forearm rotation, calculated the path length of the central band (CB) of the interosseous membrane, and measured forearm range of motion.

Results:
Sixteen patients had extension deformity of the radius (the RE group) and 2 had flexion deformity (the RF group). In the RE group, extension deformity of the radius and valgus deformity of the ulna had significant negative correlation with pronation range of motion (R = −0.50, p = 0.046) and supination range of motion (R = −0.63, p = 0.027), respectively. Osseous impingement was mainly observed during pronation (15 of 16 patients). The CB path with the largest changes in length originated from the distal CB attachment area of the radius and ran toward the proximal area of the ulna (the transverse CB). The transverse CB significantly increased in length in supination compared with that in pronation (p < 0.001). Therefore, tightness of the transverse CB appeared to cause supination restriction in the RE group. In the RF group, osseous impingement caused supination restriction. The greatest increases in the transverse CB length were observed in pronation in the RF group, which appeared to cause pronation restriction.

Conclusions:
In the RE group, pronation restriction was associated with osseous impingement that was due to extension deformity of the radius, and supination restriction was associated with CB tightness that was due to valgus deformity of the ulna. In the RF group, our results suggested that pronation restriction was caused by CB tightness and that supination restriction was caused by osseous impingement.

Clinical Relevance:
Three-dimensional corrective osteotomy for extension deformity of the radius in malunited forearm diaphyseal fractures would improve rotational restriction by relieving osseous impingement during pronation and CB tightness during supination.
Improvement of Outcomes During the First Two Years Following Total Ankle Arthroplasty
Authors: Hendy Benjamin A. , McDonald Elizabeth L. , Nicholson Kristen , Rogero Ryan , Shakked Rachel , Pedowitz David I. , Raikin Steven M. 
Published: September 2018

Background:
Many studies of total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) have focused on the range of motion and functional outcomes at the time of intermediate-term follow-up. The purpose of our study was to analyze the progression of ankle hindfoot range of motion and patient-reported measures through the first 2 years following TAA.

Methods:
The charts of 134 patients who had been treated with a TAA by a single surgeon were retrospectively reviewed, and 107 (109 TAAs) were included in the study. The overall range of motion in the sagittal plane was measured as the change in the position of the tibia relative to the floor on dedicated weight-bearing lateral radiographs made with the ankle in maximum plantar flexion and dorsiflexion preoperatively and at 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years postoperatively. In addition, patients completed a visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and Sports Subscales, and the Short Form-12 (SF-12) Physical (PCS) and Mental (MCS) Component Summary scores at each time interval.

Results:
The mean overall range of motion in the sagittal plane was 20.7° preoperatively and improved to 28.3°, 34.3°, 33.3°, and 33.3° at 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years, respectively (p < 0.001). At each postoperative time point, the median VAS score was improved (p < 0.001) compared with the preoperative VAS score. Similarly, the FAAM and SF-12 scores were improved, compared with the preoperative score, at 6 months and later (p < 0.001). An increased range of motion correlated with a lower VAS score preoperatively (ρ = −0.31, p = 0.035) and at 1 year (ρ = −0.36, p = 0.003) postoperatively. An increased range of motion correlated with a higher FAAM ADL score at 3 months (ρ = 0.50, p = 0.012), 1 year (ρ = 0.26, p = 0.040), and 2 years (ρ = 0.39, p = 0.003) postoperatively.

Conclusions:
Patients who underwent TAA had improvement, compared with preoperatively, in the overall sagittal plane range of motion up to 6 months and maintained improvement in pain and function scores up to 2 years. Pain scores remained improved throughout the 2-year follow-up period. A better range of motion was correlated with less pain as measured with the VAS. An increased range of motion postoperatively was correlated with better function as measured with the FAAM.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Two-Stage Exchange and Marlex-Mesh Reconstruction for Infection with Extensor Mechanism Disruption After Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Perry Kevin I. , Salib Christopher G. , Larson Dirk R. , Pagnano Mark W. , Abdel Matthew P. , Hanssen Arlen D. 
Published: September 2018

Background:
Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) of the knee with concurrent disruption of the extensor mechanism is a devastating complication. Historically, knees with such complications have been salvaged with use of an arthrodesis or amputation. The purpose of this study was to assess the survival and functional outcomes of a 2-stage exchange arthroplasty combined with knitted monofilament polypropylene (Marlex; C.R. Bard) mesh reconstruction of the extensor mechanism.

Methods:
From 2000 to 2015, 16 patients underwent a 2-stage exchange arthroplasty and Marlex-mesh reconstruction for PJI with an extensor mechanism disruption. The study included 9 male patients and 7 female patients with a mean age at the time of reimplantation and mesh reconstruction of 64 years. The mean follow-up was 4 years. PJI was diagnosed on the basis of the Musculoskeletal Infection Society criteria. Clinical outcomes, including survivorship, Knee Society Score (KSS) results, and complications, were assessed.

Results:
Of 16 reconstructions, 13 were in place at the time of the latest follow-up. At 2 years, survivorship free of mesh failure was 86%, survivorship free of PJI was 87%, and survivorship free of PJI or mesh failure was 75%. The mean KSS improved from 48 prior to resection to 74 after mesh reconstruction and reimplantation. The mean extensor lag improved from 31° prior to resection to 3° after mesh reconstruction. Two patients required mesh revision, 1 patient required an above-the-knee amputation for complex wound complications related to reinfection, 1 patient developed a reinfection requiring irrigation and debridement, and 1 patient developed a superficial infection that required debridement.

Conclusions:
Two-stage exchange arthroplasty combined with Marlex-mesh reconstruction of the extensor mechanism is a viable alternative to knee arthrodesis or amputation. At 2 years, 75% of mesh reconstructions were in place and without evidence of PJI. Moreover, the functional outcomes were improved, with a negligible extensor lag.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The Clinical Implications of Adding CT Angiography in the Evaluation of Cervical Spine Fractures
Authors: Tobert Daniel G. , Le Hai V. , Blucher Justin A. , Harris Mitchel B. , Schoenfeld Andrew J. 
Published: September 2018

Background:
Advanced-imaging screening for asymptomatic blunt cerebrovascular injury is controversial. Vertebral artery injury (VAI) is most commonly associated with cervical spine fracture, and many guidelines advocate indiscriminate screening for all cervical spine fractures. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the addition of computed tomographic angiography (CTA) results in a change in management for patients with cervical spine fractures.

Methods:
Adult patients treated for acute cervical spine fractures after blunt trauma during the period of 2000 to 2015 were retrospectively identified. Patients who sustained a penetrating trauma or who had a history of neoplasm or prior cervical spine surgery were excluded. The following variables were recorded: age, biologic sex, race, medical comorbidities, Injury Severity Score (ISS), mechanism of injury, whether CTA of the neck was obtained in addition to computed tomography (CT), cervical spine fracture characteristics and treatment, and the presence of VAI. Recommendation for a change in management with antithrombotic therapy was the primary outcome measure. Detection of stroke and of VAI were secondary outcomes. Propensity-score matching was performed to negate the significant differences in baseline demographic and clinical characteristics.

Results:
A total of 3,943 patients were screened for eligibility, and 2,831 patients met the inclusion criteria. Propensity-score matching yielded 1 cohort who underwent CT + CTA and 1 cohort who underwent CT alone, both with 644 patients and equivalent demographic and clinical characteristics. CTA identified definite or indeterminate VAI in 113 patients, and for 62 patients, antithrombotic therapy was recommended. In the CT-alone cohort, VAI was identified in 11 patients incidentally through other imaging, and antithrombotic therapy was recommended for 8 patients. Two patients in the CT + CTA group had major adverse bleeding events as a result of the initiation of antithrombotic therapy. There were no preventable strokes in either group.

Conclusions:
The addition of CTA increased detection of VAI and the recommendation for antithrombotic therapy. There were no preventable strokes in either cohort and 2 major adverse bleeding events attributable to the recommended pharmacologic antithrombotic therapy. Nonselective screening is not warranted and should be limited to a high-risk subset of patients.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
México frente a la crisis económica y la amenaza de la Segunda Guerra Mundial: la controversia racial y de ciudadanía (1930-1942)
Authors: Hernández Ponce Manuel Alejandro 
Published: September 2018

La política diplomática y migratoria mexicana a finales del siglo XIX y principios del siglo XX, se caracterizó por fomentar el respeto y colaboración entre naciones, velar por las garantías y derechos de las personas, así como respetar la vida e intereses de los extranjeros que llegaban al territorio nacional.Sin embargo, para la primera mitad del siglo XX la política migratoria del gobierno mexicano contradijo en muchos sentidos al espíritu con el que se había constituido. El discurso oficial mexicano se movió entre la xenofilia y la xenofobia, ambivalencia que descansó en intereses políticos, económicos y raciales; así como en el esfuerzo por regular el papel de los extranjeros insertos en el país.Este artículo se desarrolla en torno a dos hechos históricos que determinaron ampliamente en las políticas migratoria, diplomática y de integración social en México: la crisis económica internacional de 1929 y el estallido de la Segunda Guerra Mundial en 1939.
GÉNESIS DE LA FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION Y BREVE ANALISIS DE LOS OBJETIVOS DEL DERECHO ANTITRUST NORTEAMERICANO Y EUROPEO
Authors: Jeleztcheva María Jeleztcheva 
Published: September 2018

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo abordar las metas actuales de las autoridades de los Estados Unidos y Europa, tratando de luchar contra las prácticas contrarias a la competencia, mediante la creación de estas autoridades, con énfasis en las diversas condiciones económica, social y política en ambos lados del Atlántico. Con relación a los objetivos de la legislación europea antimonopolio y de la Comisión Europea en la aplicación de la política de competencia debe recordar los objetivos de los Tratados en que la idea principal es la creación e integración del Mercado Único. Este objetivo no excluye la otra clase de los derechos económicos, sociales y políticos. De hecho, hay también que pueden ocurrir, en el largo plazo, unaconvergencia entre los objetivos de la legislación europea y los objetivos de la normativa de competencia de los Estados Unidos, mediante el establecimiento de una jerarquía de las metas en las áreas de la globalización económica y el posible establecimiento de una regulación global de la protección de la competencia
O AUTOFÁGICO DIREITO PENAL DO INIMIGO: POR UMA RESISTÊNCIA GARANTISTA
Authors: Caetano Matheus Almeida 
Published: September 2018

Desde 1985, o tema vem causando impacto sobre o pensamento penal contemporâneo, gerando uma infinidade de trabalhos acadêmicos e obras. O presente artigo objetiva fazer uma breve exposição das principais características que compõem o que Günther Jakobs denomina de “Direito Penal do Inimigo” (Feindstrafrecht). Posteriormente, algumas críticas são colocadas de forna a demonstrar tanto a ausência de qualquer novidade do tema - já que sempre existiu um inimigo para o sistema penal - quanto a confusão entre direito e guerra (acusado e combatente), o que leva a própria negação do Direito Penal. Conclui-se, ao final, pelo abandono dessa construção teórica, responsável por retrocessos significativos de índole garantista.
PROMOVER A IGUALDADE RACIAL PARA A INFÂNCIA E ADOLESCÊNCIA NO BRASIL, UM CAMINHO POSSÍVEL?
Authors: Lima Fernanda Da Silva , Veronese Josiane Rose Petry 
Published: September 2018

O Direito da Criança e do Adolescente consubstancia-se num ramo jurídico autônomo com normas e princípios próprios consagrador da doutrina da proteção integral. Tal doutrina eleva a condição de crianças e adolescentes a sujeitos de direitos reconhecendo- os como pessoas em estágio de desenvolvimento diferenciado e que por isso gozam de absoluta prioridade para a efetivação dos seus direitos fundamentais. A proteção integral disposta para crianças e adolescentes tem a finalidade de promover a efetivação dos seus direitos independentemente de sua cor, raça, sexo, religião, cultura. O Direito da Criança e do Adolescente veda a discriminação racial, mas não propõe medidas específicas de combate a esse processo discriminatório. O objetivo geral da pesquisa é verificar se a proteção sistemática proposta pelo Direito da Criança e do Adolescente promove a igualdade racial no país. O estudo aplicou o método de abordagem indutivo, com procedimento monográfico e realizado através de levantamento bibliográfico.
VERDADE E MEMÓRIA: A TECNOLOGIA QUE REVELA HISTÓRIAS. TERRORISMO DE ESTADO E FILIAÇÃO NA ARGENTINA CONTEMPORÂNEA (1983-2010)
Authors: Wohnrath Vinícius Parolin 
Published: September 2018

O golpe de Estado iniciado em 1976 inaugurou a última ordem ditatorial vigente na Argentina. Conhecida pela brutalidade e desrespeito aos direitos humanos, esta fase estendeu sua atuação sobre as prerrogativas de descendência daqueles considerados subversivos. Dados da Comissão Nacional de Desaparecimento de Pessoas (CONADEP) indicam que aproximadamente 500 recém-nascidos foram seqüestrados dos braços e ventres de presas políticas – posteriormente assassinadas ou desaparecidas – e entregues em adoção para famílias simpatizantes do regime militar. Porém, entre 1983 e 2010 a atuação das Abuelas de Plaza de Mayo (grupo de avós das crianças apoderadas) forçou tentativas de re-estabelecimento da verdade genética dos netos usurpados. Nesse contexto, como desvendar essas histórias de vida? A criação do Banco Nacional de Dados Genéticos (BNDG) serviu a esse processo, mas, como reconstituir dentro de Tribunais vidas interrompidas e redirecionadas? Quais os desafios enfrentados pelo Direito – a balança entre as verdades biológica e afetiva? Utilizando o método sócio-jurídico, esta proposta agrega aos estudos sobre memória e justiça na América Latina dos sécs. XX e XXI a perspectiva da relação entre o Direito e as tecnologias de identificação humana.