bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of criminal recidivism rates worldwide: 3-year update
Authors: Yukhnenko Denis , Sridhar Shivpriya , Fazel Seena 
Published: February 2019

Background: Comparing recidivism rates between countries may provide useful information about the relative effectiveness of different criminal justice policies. A previous 2015 review identified criminal recidivism data for 18 countries and found little consistency in outcome definitions and time periods. We aimed to update recidivism rates in prisoners internationally. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of criminal recidivism rates in prisoners and followed PRISMA guidelines. Using three bibliographic indexes, we carried out non-country-specific and targeted searches for 50 countries with the largest total prison populations. We included reports and studies of released prisoners that reported re-arrest, reconviction and reincarceration rates. Meta-analysis was not possible due to multiple sources of heterogeneity. Results: We identified criminal recidivism information for 23 countries. Of the 50 countries with the largest prison populations, 10 reported recidivism rates for prisoners. The most commonly reported outcome was the 2-year reconviction rate. We were able to examine recidivism over different time periods for 11 countries and found that most reported small changes in official recidivism rates. Overall, for 2-year follow-up period, reported re-arrest rates were between 26% and 60%, reconviction rates ranged from 20% to 63%, and reimprisonment rates varied from 14 to 45%. Conclusions: Although some countries made efforts to improve reporting, recidivism rates are not comparable between countries. Criminal justice agencies should consider using reporting guidelines described here to update their data.
The impact of using primaquine without prior G6PD testing: a case series describing the obstacles to the medical management of haemolysis
Authors: Chu Cindy S. , Bancone Germana , Soe Nay Lin , Carrara Verena I. , Gornsawun Gornpan , Nosten François 
Published: February 2019

Radical cure of Plasmodium vivax malaria in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficient individuals employs weekly primaquine dosing. This is the only recommended regimen for this patient sub-group. If national malaria programs mandate daily primaquine dosing (the recommended regimen for G6PD normal individuals), then G6PD testing before prescription is necessary to avoid iatrogenic haemolysis in G6PD deficient individuals. In this case series, two P. vivax infected patients with unknown G6PD status from two different countries were prescribed primaquine as per national malaria program guidelines. During treatment both patients presented to the clinic with symptoms of anaemia after taking primaquine incorrectly. The clinical management of the iatrogenic severe haemolysis that occurred in these patients demonstrates the various adverse effects primaquine can cause, that other common medical treatments also have haemolytic potential, and how the diagnosis of G6PD deficiency can be elusive during acute haemolysis. Health care providers should provide careful instructions about primaquine dosing, be watchful for haemolysis, and have a high index of suspicion for G6PD deficiency in the presence of haemolysis if the G6PD status is previously unknown.
MEMBUDAYAKAN HIDUP SEHAT MELALUI GERAKAN MASYARAKAT HIDUP SEHAT (GERMAS) DI DUSUN MENDANG III, JAMBU DAN JRAKAH KECAMATAN, TANJUNGSARI, GUNUNGKIDUL
Authors: Suryani Dyah , Nurdjanah Eka Putri , Yogatama Yogatama , Jumadil Muhamad 
Published: February 2019

Kecamatan Tanjungsari merupakan salah satu kecamatan yang ada di Kabupaten Gunungkidul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta dengan luas wilayah 7.161,1 hektar, 5.229 hektar (73,03%) berupa ladang tadah hujan, 1.351.1 (18,86%) berupa tanah tegal dan perkarangan dan 580,5 hektar (8,11%) berupa tanah lainya. Kecamatan Tanjungsari terdiri dari 5 desa, 71 Padukuhan, 71 RW, dan 300 RT. Jumlah penduduk sebanyak 28.788 jiwa terdiri dari 14.267 jiwa laki-laki dan 14.521 jiwa perempuan dengan jumlah kepala keluarga sebanyak 9.000 KK. Secara geografis Kecamatan Tanjungsari berbeda di ketinggian antara 100-300. Desa Hargosari dan Desa Ngestirejo adalah salah satu desa yang termasuk dalam kecamatan Tanjungsari. PermasalahanÂ yang terjadi diÂ Dusun Mendang III, Jambu Dan Jrakah Kecamatan, Tanjungsari, Gunungkidul ini adalah rendahnya pengetahuan melakukan PHBS (Pola Hidup Bersih dan Sehat) dalam menjaga kesehatan tubuh, sikap yang buruk dalam menyikapi pentingnya melakukan PHBS dalam kehidupan sehari-hari untuk mencegah terjadinya suatu penyakitÂ dan prilaku penerapan PHBS di kehidupan sehari-hari. Sehingga untuk meningkatkanya KKN tahun ini mempunyai topik kegiatan tentang meningkatkan kualitas sumber daya manusia menuju Pembudayaan Â Hidup Sehat Melalui Gerakan Masyarakat Hidup Sehat (GERMAS) Di Dusun Mendang III, Jambu Dan Jrakah Kecamatan, Tanjungsari, GunungkidulÂ agar menjadi masyarakat yang sehatÂ dan sadar akan pentingnya menjaga kesehatan dengan menerapkan PHBS. Metode pelaksanaan program KKN tahun 2018 inimeliputi : pendidikan masyarakat, difusi teknologi dan Program. Dampak yang didapat dari hasil kegiatan ini adalah 1). Bertambahnya pengetahuan tentang pentingnya menjaga kesehatan melalui gerakan masyarakat hidup sehat (GERMAS), 2). Meningkatnya kesadaran masyarakat tentangÂ pentingnya kesehatan dan PHBS, 3). Masyarakat dapat menerapkan langsung PHBS dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.
LEITURA LITERÁRIA E MEMES: ANÁLISE DE UMA PROPOSTA
Authors: Bordinhão dos Santos Katrym Aline 
Published: February 2019

Aliar novas tecnologias ao ensino de literatura esbarra no desafio de não se deixar o texto literário em segundo plano ou apenas mudar o suporte em que ele aparece, sem que haja, de fato, uma preocupação com sua interpretação. Com o objetivo de refletir sobre uma proposta acerca da compreensão de um texto literário, este trabalho apresenta uma experiência realizada em sala de aula com turmas do ensino médio e a leitura dos textos O alienista, de Machado de Assis, e A hora da estrela, de Clarice Lispector, demonstrando uma prática de uso do texto literário vinculada à criação de memes, que também podem ser considerados gêneros textuais. Levando em conta os apontamentos de Rildo Cosson e Jean Foucambert, discute-se a validade e os resultados da atividade, que aborda um gênero que é de conhecimento dos estudantes e que gera até mesmo estranheza quando é aproximado da prática da aula de literatura. Notadamente se percebeu o interesse de uma parcela dos estudantes, acostumados com o gênero textual, o que culminou na produção de memes que demonstraram um repertório criativo na busca por atingir o sentido que experimentaram nas leituras. Em suma, verificou-se uma apropriação do sentido e das diversas possibilidades de se abordar um fato que pode soar aparentemente sem importância no enredo, mas que, fazendo parte da literatura, permite reflexões sobre o processo de formação humana propiciado por essa tarefa, potencializada pela escola, espaço do qual se espera tal experiência.
NOTAS SOBRE INCLUSÃO DIGITAL NO ESPAÇO ESCOLAR À LUZ DOS USOS DOS MEMES
Authors: Oliveira Ariosvalber De Souza 
Published: February 2019

O acesso e domínio das novas tecnologias de informação e comunicação no mundo contemporâneo tornou-se uma exigência importante para o mundo do trabalho. Algo também importante para a melhor sociabilidade e interação do indivíduo com o outro. A questão em destaque também se localiza no mundo educacional, exigindo políticas públicas efetivas por parte do Estado para atender um processo de inclusão digital para os profissionais em educação. Ao mesmo tempo em que as novas linguagens digitais e tecnologias podem ser ferramentas didáticas valiosas para o melhoramento no processo de aprendizagem de alunos e de educadores. Neste contexto, os memes fazem parte do cotidiano das pessoas que utilizam as redes sociais e aplicativos de comunicação, algo muito próximo dos jovens. Seu uso em sala de aula é uma possibilidade de aproximação entre o mundo de expectativa e de interesses de alunos e professores. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho pretende refletir acerca da problemática da inclusão digital na educação brasileira a partir dos usos de memes, atendendo a duas possibilidades: apresentar apontamentos sobre a exclusão digital no processo educacional brasileiro e indicar o meme como possibilidade de reflexão sobre o cotidiano da sala de aula à luz da exclusão e da inclusão digital.
A literature review exploring student midwives' experiences of continuity of mentorship on the labour ward
Authors: Hallam Emma , Choucri Lesley 
Published: February 2019

Background Continuity of mentorship is central to students' clinical placement experience. Despite a plethora of studies investigating student-mentor relationships and how it affects grading, limited attention has been paid to the extent to which a lack of continuity of mentorship affects placement experience. Aims To explore the importance of mentor continuity on labour ward for pre-registration midwifery students. Methods A database search was conducted using the terms: ‘student midwives’, ‘continuity’, ‘mentor’, ‘preceptor’, ‘mentorship’, ‘labour ward’, ‘delivery suite’ and ‘experiences.’ Findings Continuity of mentorship enhances learning and improves clinical practice experience. Conclusions A lack of continuity affects all aspects of student midwives’ experiences of the labour ward. Good mentor practice should focus on continuity and the introduction of co-mentoring, where a student is mentored by at least 2 midwives, in order to reduce the strain on mentors while retaining the feeling of belonging that student midwives value.
Universal modification of vector weighted method of correlated sampling with finite computational cost
Authors: Medvedev Ilya N. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The weighted method of dependent trials or weighted method of correlated sampling (MCS) allows one to construct estimators for functionals based on the same Markov chain simultaneously for a given range of the problem parameters. Choosing an appropriate Markov chain, it is necessary to take into account additional conditions providing the finiteness of the computational cost of weighted MCS. In this paper we study the issue of finite computational cost of the method of correlated sampling (MCS) in application to evaluation of linear functionals of solutions to a set of systems of 2nd kind integral equations. A universal modification of the vector weighted MCS is constructed providing the branching of chain trajectory according to elements of matrix weights. It is proved that the computational cost of the constructed algorithm is bounded in the case the base functionals are also bounded. The results of numerical experiments using the modified weighted estimator are presented for some problems of the theory of radiation transfer subject to polarization.
Partial diazoxide responsiveness in a neonate with hyperinsulinism due to homozygous ABCC8 mutation
Authors: Kiff Sarah , Babb Carolyn , Guemes Maria , Dastamani Antonia , Gilbert Clare , Flanagan Sarah E , Ellard Sian , Barton John , Dattani M , Shah Pratik 
Published: February 2019

Summary
We report a case of partial diazoxide responsiveness in a child with severe congenital hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia (CHI) due to a homozygous ABCC8 mutation. A term baby, with birth weight 3.8 kg, born to consanguineous parents presented on day 1 of life with hypoglycaemia. Hypoglycaemia screen confirmed CHI. Diazoxide was commenced on day 7 due to ongoing elevated glucose requirements (15 mg/kg/min), but despite escalation to a maximum dose (15 mg/kg/day), intravenous (i.v.) glucose requirement remained high (13 mg/kg/min). Genetic testing demonstrated a homozygous ABCC8 splicing mutation (c.2041-1G>C), consistent with a diffuse form of CHI. Diazoxide treatment was therefore stopped and subcutaneous (s.c.) octreotide infusion commenced. Despite this, s.c. glucagon and i.v. glucose were required to prevent hypoglycaemia. A trial of sirolimus and near-total pancreatectomy were considered, however due to the significant morbidity potentially associated with these, a further trial of diazoxide was commenced at 1.5 months of age. At a dose of 10 mg/kg/day of diazoxide and 40 µg/kg/day of octreotide, both i.v. glucose and s.c. glucagon were stopped as normoglycaemia was achieved. CHI due to homozygous ABCC8 mutation poses management difficulties if the somatostatin analogue octreotide is insufficient to prevent hypoglycaemia. Diazoxide unresponsiveness is often thought to be a hallmark of recessively inherited ABCC8 mutations. This patient was initially thought to be non-responsive, but this case highlights that a further trial of diazoxide is warranted, where other available treatments are associated with significant risk of morbidity.

Learning points:

Homozygous ABCC8 mutations are commonly thought to cause diazoxide non-responsive hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia.

This case highlights that partial diazoxide responsiveness in homozygous ABCC8 mutations may be present.

Trial of diazoxide treatment in combination with octreotide is warranted prior to considering alternative treatments, such as sirolimus or near-total pancreatectomy, which are associated with more significant side effects.
Professor O.M. Kowalewski—Mongolian studies scholar, traveller and enlightener: His biographical landmarks
Authors: Valeev Ramil M. , Kulganek Irina V. , Tulisow Jerzy 
Published: February 2019

Kazan (Volga Region) Federal UniversityInstitute of Oriental Manuscripts of Russian Academy of ScienceUniversity of Warsaw In this article, materials devoted to the basic stages of the life and activity of a graduate of Vilna University (1821), Professor Osip Mikhailovich Kowalewski (1801–1878), are presented. He held the first chair of Mongolian literature in Russia and Europe and served as dean and rector of Kazan University. Prof Kowalewski made scientific trips to Siberia, Buryatia, Mongolia and China (1828–1833); collected unique books, manuscripts, and ethnographic materials of the people of Central Asia; and became the author of classical works concerning Buddhism and the history, languages, literature, religions, folklore, and ethnography of the Mongolian people.
In memoriam Linnart Mäll
Authors: LÄÄNEMETS Märt 
Published: February 2019

Tartu University
No one departs this world without leaving a trace. Every person or creature leaves behind a trace that is distinctive in terms of visibility, extent and influence. That trace may be ploughed into the soil of a field or carved in history by stone or the sword. It may, however, also at first glance be less noticeable but more influential than that recorded by plough, stone or sword—that is the case when the trace a person leaves is in the area of culture.
Sa skya Paṇḍita on the defining characteristic and variegation of direct perception (based on his Tshad ma rigs gter with his auto-commentary and Go-rams pa’s sub-commentary providing contextual and subtextual clarification)
Authors: Stewart Bruce J. 
Published: February 2019

Independent scholarThe present study focuses on the defining characteristic and variegation of direct perception (mngon sum, pratyakṣa) as laid out by Sa-skya Paṇḍita Kun-dga’ rgyal-mtshan (1182–1251) in the first eight verses of the ‘Direct Perception’ chapter in his Tshad-ma rigs pa’i gter. As is well known, direct perception along with inference (rjes dpag, anumāna) make up the two means of valid cognition (tshad ma, pramāṇa) according the Buddhist system of epistemology initiated by the renowned Buddhist philosopher Dignāga (circa 480–540) and expanded and further developed by his indirect follower Dharmakīrti (mid-7th century). Each of these means of valid cognitionis restricted to its respective objects (prameya, gzhal bya); the specifically characterised object (rang mtshan, svalakṣaṇa) is the object of a direct perception and the generally characterised object (spyi mtshan, sāmānyalakṣaṇa) is the object for an inference.
Introduction: Modern Japan and Korea seen through various media
Authors: Koma Kyoko 
Published: February 2019

Vytautas Magnus UniversityThis issue discusses cultural aspects of modern Japan and Korea seen through various media. Media in this issue is not simple mass media like newspapers, journals, and TV, but media in a much broader meaning. According to Helen Katz, media has two roles: to inform and to entertain. Newspapers inform but also entertain readers. Literature could also be considered a medium to entertain readers. Autobiographic literature or non-fiction literature informs a kind of reality. Fashion could be also considered a medium for a human being to transmit information (occupation, taste, identity) and entertain (for example, the fashionable style of singers permits them to entertain TV spectators). In this issue, we approach some cultural aspects of modern Japan and Korea as seen through several types of media from popular culture, film, fashion and newspapers to cultural media as a tool of public diplomacy. Our topics are as follows....
Comparison of commonly used ecological scales with the Belgard Plant Ecomorph System
Authors: Baranovski B. , Roschina N. , Karmyzova L. , Ivanko I. 
Published: February 2019

There are several ecological scales developed both for phytoindication of ecological factors and plant ecomorphs. Among them, the scales of Ellenberg and Tsyganov are the most commonly used. L. G. Ramensky and P. S. Pogrebnyak had developed a phytoindication method; they also were founders of first ecological scale of plant species in relation to various environmental factors. One of first ecomorph systems was developed by Alexander Lyutsianovich Belgard. In 1947, Belgard presented a tabular ecomorph system in his doctoral dissertation, and later in monograph “Forest vegetation of the South-East of Ukraine”. In the system he used abbreviated Latin names applying terminology proposed in the late 19th century by Dekandol, Warmin and other authors. He considered ecomorphs as adaptations of plants to environmental conditions in forests of the steppe zone of Ukraine where forest cenoses are exposed to processes of steppization, prairification, swamping, salinization, and thus clarification of relationships between forest, meadow, steppe, marsh and weed plant species was essential. Therefore, development and introduction of cenomorph terms as “adaptation of plant species to phytocenosis as a whole” were an absolutely new contribution to the concept of ecomorph system. In environmental factor scales of Ellenberg and other authors, environment characteristics based on phytoindication were underlined; in the Belgard Plant Ecomorph System, ecomorphs reflect ability of plant species to grow within certain ranges of a given factor. These approaches are quite comparable, and ecomorphs of the Belgard system correspond to certain grades of the Ellenberg and Tsyganov scales. The Belgard ecomorph system has been applied in a number of fundamental and applied works on plant ecology and phytocenology. It is convenient for characterizing ecological features of plant species growing in the steppe zone with a wide range of environment factors such as lighting, humidity, and soil richness. Other authors have expanded and supplemented the Belgard Plant Ecomorph System based on its strategy. A number of ecomorphs was introduced; they reflect intermediate or extreme gradations of factors. A new cenomorph – silvomargoant – has been proposed by the authors of this paper.
Resistance of seedlings of native and alien species of the genus Bidens (Asteraceae) from different geographic populations to the action of heavy metals
Authors: Krylova E. G. , Vasilyeva N. V. , Ivanova E. S. 
Published: February 2019

One approach to assessing the competitiveness of invasive species is a comparative analysis of the morphological, physiological, and reproductive traits of this species with native species of the same genus. The invasive species Bidens frondosa L. from the Asteraceae family, included in the list of the 50 most common and most aggressive invasive species in Europe, occupies the same ecological niche as the native species B. tripartita L., and displaces it from natural habitats. There is an obvious and growing interest in the sustainability of B. tripartita and B. frondosa in extreme conditions of existence, one of which is the action of heavy metals. Our research was performed in laboratory conditions with seedlings that developed from seeds collected from populations of the Upper and Middle Volga region. The seeds were germinated in Ni2+ and Cu2+ solutions at various concentrations. At the end of the experiment, morphometric parameters were measured and the index of tolerance was determined. Seedlings from different populations under the influence of nickel ions developed at concentrations of 1–50 mg/l, under the influence of copper ions – at 1–100 mg/l. The nickel and copper ions had the greatest toxic effect on the growth and development of the root system – at 25 mg/l and above, the main root was completely necrotic, while the action of copper ions simultaneously increased the number of adventitious roots. The tolerance index (“root test”) under the action of nickel ions was higher among the seedlings from the population of the Middle Volga region, while under the action of copper ions there were no significant differences among the seedlings from different populations. However, it decreased with the action of both heavy metals at a concentration of 10 mg/l. High concentrations of both metals significantly reduced the length of the hypocotyl, cotyledon, and the true leaf. It was also found that copper ions are more toxic for the root system (main root and adventitious roots), nickel ions – for above-ground organs (hypocotyl, cotyledons, and true leaves). We noted differences between the populations to the action of nickel and copper. From the population of the Upper Volga region, the seedlings of B. frondosa were more stable. For seedlings from the population of the Middle Volga, a smaller toxic effect was confirmed for B. tripartita. It can be assumed that the resistance of B. frondosa to the action of heavy metals as a stress factor in the Upper Volga region is one of the reasons for the suppression of B. tripartita by the invasive species.
Tortrix Moths (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) of Grafskiy Park and agrobiostation of M. Gogol Nizhyn State University (Chernigiv region, Ukraine)
Authors: Kavurka V. V. 
Published: February 2019

An annotated list of tortricid moths (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) of the Grafsky Park and the agrobiostation of the Nizhyn Mykola Gogol State University is given for the first time. In total, from 1987 to 2018, 95 species of 13 tribes were identified in the studied area: Tortricini – 6 species, Cochylini – 12 species, Cnephasiini – 7 species, Archipini – 12 species, Sparganothini – 1 species, Endotheniini – 4 species, Bactrini – 2 species, Olethreutini – 12 species, Lobesiini – 1 species, Enarmoniini – 6 species, Eucosmini – 22 species and Grapholitini – 9 species. It is about 40% of the species diversity of tortricid moths of Chernihiv region known now, and about 17% of the fauna of Ukraine. The distribution and biology of the recorded species are analized. Herein 54 species of tortricid moths are recorded for Chernihiv region for the first time, 34 species (Tortrix viridana, Aleimma loeflingiana, Acleris holmiana, A. forsskaleana, Eupoecilia ambiguella, Archips podana, A. crataegana, A. xylosteana, Choristoneura diversana, Argyrotaenia ljungiana, Ptycholoma lecheana, Pandemis corylana, P. cerasana, P. heparana, Syndemis musculana, Adoxophyes orana, Apotomis betuletana, Orthotaenia undulana, Hedya salicella, H. nubiferana, H. pruniana, H. ochroleucana, Ancylis achatana, A. mitterbacheriana, Spilonota ocellana, Gibberifera simplana, Epinotia nisella, Notocelia uddmanniana, Cydia pomonella, C. pyrivora, C. fagiglandana, C. splendana, C. amplana, Grapholita funebrana) are known as pests of deciduous trees and 4 species (Piniphila bifasciana, Gravitarmata margarotana, Rhyacionia buoliana, Cydia strobilella) are known as pests of coniferous trees.