bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of polymorphisms in grainyhead-like-2 gene with the susceptibility to age-related hearing loss
Authors: Han Baoai , Yang Xiuping , Li Yongqin , Hosseini Davood K. , Tu Yaqin , Dong Yaodong , He Zuhong , Yuan Jie , Cai Hua , Zhang Kai , Zhang Xiujuan , Zhou Tao , Sun Haiying 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Objective:
The grainyhead-like-2 (GRHL2) genetic variants were reported in age-related hearing impairment (ARHI) susceptibility in several case–control studies. However, their conclusions are conflicting; it is difficult to precisely assess the disease risk associated with the variants. Therefore we conduct the meta-analysis to discover the association of GRHL2 polymorphisms and the risk of ARHI.

Methods:
A related literature search was conducted in on-line databases, such as Wanfang database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), EMBASE, Web of Science, and PubMed (updated to August 30, 2018). We use Review Manager 5.0 and Stata SE 12.0 software to reckon the odds radio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI) and P value in random- or fixed-effects model according to the I2 value in the heterogeneity test.

Results:
2762 cases and 2321 controls in 5 articles were provided data to the meta-analysis. The pooled ORs (95% CI) of the rs10955255 polymorphism were 1.26 (1.05–1.50, P = .01), 1.33 (1.07–1.65, P = .01), and 1.32 (1.12–1.55, P = .0007) in the allele, homozygote and recessive model separately. Besides, a significant association was detected between rs1981361 in mixed population and the ARHI risk in the allele, heterozygote, and dominant genetic model respectively. Then subgroup analyses was performed by ethnicity, for rs10955255 meaningful associations were detected for the allele model, homozygote model, dominant model and recessive model in the Caucasian population but no relations in any of the 5 genetic models in Asian population.

Conclusion:
The meta-analysis indicated that the rs10955255 polymorphism could be an important risk factor for ARHI, especially in the Caucasians. The rs1981361 polymorphism may be a risk factor for ARHI in Asians. Larger scale researches are needed to further bring the consequences up to date.
Association between TP53 gene codon72 polymorphism and prostate cancer risk
Authors: Han Pei-Zhen , Cao De-Hong , Zhang Xue-Ling , Ren Zheng-Ju , Wei Qiang 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background:
TP53 gene polymorphism could increase risks of several kinds of cancer. But it remained controversial whether TP53 gene codon72 polymorphism was associated with the susceptibility to prostate cancer. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis that evaluated the association between TP53 gene codon72 polymorphism and prostate cancer risk.

Method:
A comprehensive research was performed from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) up to December 31, 2018. A random effect model was used to evaluate the effect of the outcome. The statistical analyses were performed with Review Manager 5.3.0 and Stata 14.0. The sensitivity analysis and publication bias tests were also performed to confirm the reliability of this meta-analysis.

Results:
22 studies included 3146 cases and 4010 controls were involved in this meta-analysis. Overall, no association was observed between TP53 gene codon72 polymorphism and prostate cancer risk (Arg vs Pro: odds ratio [OR] = 1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.98–1.30; ArgArg vs ProPro: OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 0.90–1.75; ProPro vs ArgArg+ ArgPro: OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 0.86–1.57; ArgPro+ ProPro vs ArgArg: OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 0.97–1.51). Subgroup analyses, based on ethnicity, source of control and Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) status, showed consistent results.

Conclusion:
The meta-analysis we performed showed that there was no association of TP53 gene codon72 polymorphism with prostate cancer risk.
Factors associated with postoperative outcomes in patients with intramedullary Grade II ependymomas
Authors: Sun Xiang-Yao , Wang Wei , Zhang Tong-Tong , Kong Chao , Sun Si-Yuan , Guo Ma-Chao , Ding Jun-Zhe , Lu Shi-Bao 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background:
Most of the previous studies combined all types of intramedullary ependymomas without providing accurate pathological subtypes. In addition, it was very difficult to evaluate the factors associated with postoperative outcomes of patients with different pathological subtypes of intramedullary Grade II ependymomas by traditional meta-analysis. This study evaluated the factors related with postoperative outcomes of patients with intramedullary Grade II ependymomas.

Methods:
Individual patient data analysis was performed using PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The search included articles published up to April 2018 with no lower date limit on the search results. The topics were intramedullary Grade II ependymomas. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed by Kaplan–Meier survival analysis (log-rank test). The level of significance was set at P < .05.

Results:
A total of 21 studies with 70 patients were included in this article. PFS of patients who underwent total resection was much longer than the PFS of those who received subtotal resection (P < .001). Patients who received adjuvant therapy (P = .005) or radiotherapy and chemotherapy (P < .001) seemed to have shorter PFS than others; PFS of patients who had cerebrospinal fluid disease dissemination (P = .022) or scoliosis (P = .001) were significantly shorter than others. OS of cellular ependymoma patients was less than giant cell ependymoma patients (P < .001).

Conclusions:
PFS of patients who received total resection was much longer than those who received subtotal resection. Patients treated with adjuvant therapy or radiotherapy and chemotherapy appeared to have shorter PFS than others; PFS of patients with cerebrospinal fluid disease dissemination or scoliosis were significantly shorter than others. Cellular ependymomas would have better OS than giant cell ependymoma. However, giant cell ependymoma patients might have the worst OS.
Impact of Age of Packed RBC Transfusion on Oxygenation in Patients Receiving Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Datta Sumit , Chang Shelley , Jackson Nicholas J. , Ziman Alyssa , Federman Myke 
Published: June 2019

Objective:
To determine the effect of age of packed RBCs on tissue oxygenation in children receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support.

Design:
A retrospective study was done between March 2013 and August 2015. The following biomarkers were examined 6 hours before and 6 hours after the conclusion of a transfusion: serum and circuit hematocrits, serum and circuit venous saturations, serum lactate levels (mg/dL), and cerebral saturation via near-infrared spectroscopy. Biomarkers were examined with respect to time relative to transfusion using four discrete categories (< 3, –3 to 0, 0–3, and > 3 hr). The association between age of blood transfusion and change in biomarkers was accessed analyzing time relative to transfusion as described above. In addition, the age of blood transfusion was analyzed similarly, using four discrete categories (0–7, 7–14, 14–21, and > 21 d).

Setting:
Twenty-four bed mixed pediatric medical and cardiac ICU at a tertiary care center.

Subjects:
Zero- to 18-year-old patients of required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Circuit venous saturation demonstrated an increase of 2.5% (p < 0.001) in first 3 hours posttransfusion. This was followed by a 1.4% decrease after the initial 3 hours posttransfusion. Serum venous saturation showed no statistically significant change with relation to transfusions. Neither lactate levels nor near-infrared spectroscopy demonstrated any observed statistical change with relation to transfusion. With regards to the relationship between the age of RBC transfusion and tissue oxygenation biomarkers, none of the biomarkers exhibited a consistent interaction.

Conclusions:
Our study demonstrates that the age of packed RBC transfusion does not affect the degree tissue oxygenation in children receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support, as measured by mixed venous oxygen saturation, lactate, and near-infrared spectroscopy. In addition, packed RBC transfusion, in general, did not produce any meaningful change in these markers of tissue oxygenation.
Rezoning Free Muscle-Sparing Transverse Rectus Abdominis Myocutaneous Flaps Based on Perforasome Groupings and a New Understanding of the Vascular Architecture of the Deep Inferior Epigastric Artery–Based Flaps
Authors: Tan Jialiang , Ohjimi Hiroyuki , Takagi Satoshi , Kawakami Yoshihisa , Eto Akiko 
Published: June 2019

Background
We compare the vascular territory of free muscle-sparing transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (MS-TRAM) flaps, deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flaps, and crossover anastomosis (CA) flaps using intraoperative ex vivo angiography. We also use ex vivo angiography to analyze the vascular architecture of the MS-TRAM flap.

Methods
Our study includes 84 lower abdominal free flaps: MS-TRAM, DIEP-1 (1 perforator), DIEP-2 (2 perforators), and CA. We compare the arterial perfusion area and vascular territory pattern in each group. We also analyze the vascular architecture in MS-TRAM flaps and determine the number and location of their dominant perforators and the direction of the axial arteries connecting them.

Results
The CA's arterial perfusion area is the largest, and the DIEP-1's, the smallest of our groups; there is no statistically significant difference between MS-TRAM and DIEP-2. In all groups, average arterial perfusion area in the vascular pedicle's ipsilateral side is larger than in its contralateral side. The MS-TRAM and DIEP-2 flaps have homologous perfusion patterns and the same arterial perfusion areas. The DIEP-1 perfusion pattern varies with perforator location. Ex vivo angiograms show the MS-TRAM flap's axial arteries heading laterally to be larger and longer than those heading medially.

Conclusions
Two dominant perforators are preferable in DIEP flap breast reconstruction. Lateral perforators play a more important role in flap perfusion than do medial ones. Crossover anastomosis is an effective technology for increasing arterial perfusion areas. Our rezoning shows which areas are better for surgery and which have a high risk of complications—valuable information for a surgeon designing a flap for breast reconstruction.
End-to-Side Venous Anastomosis to a Ligated Vein Stump for Free Flap Transfer in Head and Neck Reconstruction
Authors: Akazawa Toshifumi , Sekido Mitsuru , Adachi Koji , Sasaki Kaoru , Aihara Yukiko , Shibuya Yoichiro , Makino Syujiro 
Published: June 2019

Introduction
In head and neck reconstruction, use of a free flap paired with end-to-side anastomosis to a preserved vein is generally performed. However, it is frequently difficult to select the recipient vein after a neck dissection in which there is only a ligated internal jugular vein/external jugular vein (IJV/EJV). Here, a new anastomosis technique using a ligated IJV/EJV stump is described.

Patients and Methods
End-to-side anastomoses to ligated vein stump surgeries for free flap transfer in head and neck reconstruction were performed at the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tsukuba, from 2009 to 2016.

Results
The subject pool comprised 6 patients. All patients received a free flap transfer after head and neck tumor excision. The free flaps used were 1 free radial forearm flap, 1 free tensor fascia lata muscle perforator flap, and 4 free rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flaps. The cervical vessels used were 3 IJVs and 3 EJVs. All veins of the free flaps could be anastomosed end-to-side to ligated vein stumps without vein grafting. All flaps survived completely without complications.

Conclusions
The end-to-side venous anastomosis to a ligated vein stump procedures were easy to perform and not dependent on the vessel diameters of the free flaps. No complications were observed in any patient owing to differences in vessel diameter, ease of anastomosis, and safety. Results suggest that this new technique is a simple and very useful option in head and neck reconstruction where the IJV/EJV cannot be preserved.
The Flower Petal Training System in Microsurgery
Authors: Volovici Victor , Dammers Ruben , Lawton Michael T. , Dirven Clemens M. F. , Ketelaar Tijs , Lanzino Giuseppe , Zamfirescu Dragos G. 
Published: June 2019

Introduction
Despite hundreds of training models for microsurgery being available in the literature, very few of them are scientifically validated. We chose to validate our low-fidelity training model on flower petals by comparing it head-to-head with a moderate fidelity training model, the anastomosis on chicken leg femoral artery.

Materials and methods
A total of 16 participants of different levels of expertise were randomized into 2 groups, 1 training on flower petals and 1 on chicken leg femoral arteries. The groups were evaluated on performing a rat femoral artery anastomosis using the validated Stanford Microsurgical Assessment (SMaRT) Scale. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to check for statistically significant differences between the groups. The flower petal sutures were also evaluated and Pearson correlation was used to check for associations between better petal anastomosis scores and better final SMaRT results.

Results
After 6 weeks of flower petal training, microsurgical trainees had significantly better overall SMaRT scores than trainees using chicken leg training, better fine tissue feeling, and better scores in knot tying. The anastomosis times for the rat femoral arteries did not differ between the 2 groups. Good scores for flower petals strongly correlated with a better SMaRT score for the anastomosis. The number of rats used in training reduced after the implementation of this model in continuous training.

Conclusions
The flower petal technique, despite being a low-fidelity model, shows superiority in developing fine tissue feeling and improved knot tying in microsurgery beginners and intermediate level practitioners adding this training model to their program. Further research needs to establish if the improvements also apply to already seasoned microsurgeons and whether the petal score has predictive value for future clinical application.
Chimeric Lateral Arm Free Flap to Treat Pharyngocutaneous Fistula After Total Laryngectomy
Authors: Fodor Lucian , Chirila Magdalena , Sobec Raluca , Sita Laura , Fodor Marius 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPharyngocutaneous fistula is a major complication after total laryngectomy, leading to a severe adverse impact for the patient and social activity. The reported incidence ranges from 9% to 25% in the last decade. In this paper, the authors present our experience using chimeric lateral arm free flap for reconstruction of the pharyngo-esophageal segment. Eight patients with pharyngocutaneous fistula were treated with this technique. The flap has 2 skin islands, each one supplied by a perforator coming from the main pedicle. One skin island is used as a patch for pharynx closure and the other is used for anterior soft tissue coverage. The follow-up period ranged from 8 months to 3 years. All flaps survived. There was 1 small fistula that was sutured. External skin wound dehiscence was present in 1 case and it was secondary closed by itself. All patients were able to eat by mouth and there were no signs of stricture. The authors preferred this type of flap because both defects are simultaneously closed and each skin paddle is supplied by a perforator coming from the main pedicle. It has a better color match than other free flaps. The skin island is thin and remains thin even after the patients gain weight.
Short Nose Correction: Septal Cartilage Combined With Ethmoid Bone Graft
Authors: An Yang , Xie Lifeng , Chen Lujia , Yang Xin , Yang Xiao , Xue Hongyu , Li Dong 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Multiple methods are employed to correct short nose deformities, with septal extension graft representing the first choice for Asians. However, the volume of the septal cartilage in many Asian patients is not sufficient to be used alone for such operation. The present work developed a new method combining the septal cartilage with ethmoid bone graft to overcome this issue in Asian patients with short noses.

Methods:
Thirty-five women with short noses underwent septal extension graft from February 2015 to March 2017. The endoscopic technique was utilized to harvest the ethmoid bone to enhance the L-strut structure. An L-strut, comprising 0.8 cm segments of the caudal and dorsal cartilaginous septa, is left altered in order to harvest more cartilage for septal extension. The harvested the septal cartilage, approximately 1.0 mm thick and 16 to 20 mm long, underwent grafting on one side of the caudal septum. This was followed by alar cartilage fixation at the septal cartilage graft end. Finally, nose length, nasal tip projection and nasolabial angle were assessed before and after the surgery.

Results:
Septal cartilage combined with ethmoid bone graft yielded an adequate nose lengthening and reduced nostril show, also in individuals showing extremely little septal cartilage.

Conclusions:
This new method is effective for short nose deformity correction in Asian patients. Combining the septal cartilage with ethmoid bone graft yields ideal outcome without overt complications, achieving commendable patient satisfaction.
Evaluation of the Effects of Low-Level Laser Therapy on Diabetic Bone Healing
Authors: Diker Nurettin , Aytac Duygu , Helvacioglu Fatma , Dagdelen Cansu , Oguz Yener 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and biphasic alloplastic bone graft material on diabetic bone healing. Induction of diabetes was performed in 14 male Sprague-Dawley rats by intraperitoneal injection of a 50 mg/kg dose of streptozotocin. Two bilaterally symmetrical non-critical-sized bone defects were created in the parietal bones in each rat. Right defects were filled with biphasic alloplastic bone graft. Rats were randomly divided into 2 groups, with 1 group receiving 10 sessions of LLLT (GaAlAs, 78.5 J/cm2, 100mW, 0.028 cm2beam). The LLLT was started immediately after surgery and once every 3 days during postoperative period. At the end of treatment period, new bone formation and osteoblast density were determined using histomorphometry. Empty (control), graft-filled, LLLT-treated and both graft-filled and LLLT-treated bone defects were compared. New bone formation was higher in the graft treatment samples compared with the control (P = 0.009) and laser samples (P = 0.029). In addition, graft–laser combination treatment samples revealed higher bone formation than control (P = 0.008) and laser (P = 0.026) samples. Osteoblast density was significantly higher in the laser treatment (P <0.001), graft treatment (P = 0.001) and graft–laser combination treatment (P <0.001) samples than control samples. In addition, significantly higher osteoblast density was observed in the graft-laser combination treatment samples compared to the graft treatment samples (P = 0.005). The LLLT was effective to stimulate osteoblastogenesis but failed to increase bone formation. Graft augmentation for treatment of bone defects seems essential for proper bone healing in diabetes, regeneration may be supported by the LLLT to enhance osteoblastogenesis.
A Novel Technique Using W-Shaped Steel Wire Suspension System to Improve the Stability of Rigid External Distraction Devise in a Child With Apert Syndrome
Authors: Yang Fan , Song Tao , Jin Xiaolei 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Rigid external distraction device (RED) is an efficient and reliable technique for syndromic craniosynostosis patient's postoperative midface distraction. But the instability of the RED is still a major complication. In this case, the authors reported a novel and simple method to solve the RED movement after Le Fort III osteotomy by using W-shaped steel wire suspension system in a child with Apert syndrome whose bilateral temporal bone is extremely thin. The system resisted the rotational force produced by traction force and effectively restricted the RED rotation down, improving the stability of the RED. The authors think this technique has the advantages of being cheap, easy to accomplish and comfortable to wear. Although may cause extra trauma, it is an available technique to improve the postoperative stability of RED especially for patients with thin temporal bones.
Harvest of Costal Cartilage Through Periareolar Incision for Rhinoplasty in Mastopexy
Authors: Zhou Yiqun , Wang Wancheng , Liu Tianyi 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
At our department, the authors performed a periareolar mastopexy and harvested costal cartilage for use in a rhinoplasty through the same periareolar incision. This technique has several advantages compared to the traditional method, including less invasion, minimal chance of a hypertrophic scar and easier postoperative care. However, the location of the incision determines that the fifth costal cartilage is the lowest one accessible. Thus, calcification of the implant material poses a challenge to surgeons.
In this case report, the authors present a 25-year-old female with a low-profile nose and mild breast ptosis who received a periareolar mastopexy and a dorsal and nasal tip augmentation simultaneously. The operation method, outcomes, advantages and potential risks are included.
Superficial Orbital Rim Osteoma
Authors: Bagheri Abbas , Feizi Mohaddese , Rezai Kanavi Mojgan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
A 29-year old woman presented with 2 small and firm subcutaneous nodules on the anterior aspect of the left inferonasal orbital rim. Orbital computed tomography scan showed small well-circumscribed exophytic masses of bone density on frontal process of maxillary bone. The patient refused any surgical intervention in this stage. After 5 years masses demonstrated a significant growth and she requested to do surgery. Complete surgical excision was performed and histopathological diagnosis was consistent with an ivory-typed osteoma. The patient was tumor-free in a 2-year follow up. Orbital osteoma may present as subcutaneous nodules on orbital rim, which can be eradicated by surgical excision of the tumor.
Catecholamines Induce Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Via Both Alpha and Beta Receptors
Authors: Abdullahi Abdikarim , Wang Vivian , Auger Christopher , Patsouris David , Amini-Nik Saeid , Jeschke Marc G. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
Severely burned patients suffer from a hypermetabolic syndrome that can last for years after the injury has resolved. The underlying cause of these metabolic alterations most likely involves the persistent elevated catecholamine levels that follow the surge induced by thermal injury. At the cellular level, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in metabolic tissues is a hallmark observed in patients following burn injury and is associated with several detrimental effects. Therefore, ER stress could be the underlying cellular mechanism of persistent hypermetabolism in burned patients. Here, we show that catecholamines induce ER stress and that adreno-receptor blockers reduce stress responses in the HepG2 hepatocyte cell line. Our results also indicate that norepinephrine (NE) significantly induces ER stress in HepG2 cells and 3T3L1 mouse adipocytes. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the alpha-1 blocker, prazosin, and beta blocker, propranolol, block ER stress induced by NE. We also show that the effects of catecholamines in inducing ER stress are cell type-specific, as NE treatment failed to evoke ER stress in human fibroblasts. Thus, these findings reveal the mechanisms used by catecholamines to alter metabolism and suggest inhibition of the receptors utilized by these agents should be further explored as a potential target for the treatment of ER stress-mediated disease.