bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progresses in the practical metasurface for holography and lens
Authors: Sung Jangwoon , Lee Gun-Yeal , Lee Byoungho 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Metasurfaces have received enormous attention thanks to their unique ability to modulate electromagnetic properties of light in various frequency regimes. Recently, exploiting its fabrication ease and modulation strength, unprecedented and unique controlling of light that surpasses conventional optical devices has been suggested and studied a lot. Here, in this paper, we discuss some parts of this trend including holography, imaging application, dispersion control, and multiplexing, mostly operating for optical frequency regime. Finally, we will outlook the future of the devices with recent applications of these metasurfaces.
Pyrolysis of polypropylene over zeolite mordenite ammonium: kinetics and products distribution
Authors: Nisar Jan , Khan Muhammad Anas , Ali Ghulam , Iqbal Munawar , Shah Afzal , Shah Muhammad Raza , Sirajuddin  , Sherazi Syed Tufail Hussain , Shah Luqman Ali , Rehman Nafees Ur 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The present work reveals pyrolysis kinetics of polypropylene (PP) over zeolite modernite using thermogravimetry. The activation energy (E
a) and frequency factor (A) were calculated applying Ozawa Flynn Wall, Coats-Redfern, and Tang Wanjun methods. The E
a calculated by all the methods were found in accord with each other. The pyrolysis was also performed in a salt bath in the temperature range 350°C–390°C. It was observed that a temperature of 370°C is the optimum temperature for maximum liquid fuel production. Moreover, the amount of solid residue decreases with the rise in temperature. Similarly, gas fraction also shows linear relationship with temperature. The condensable and noncondensable fractions were collected and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The fuel properties of the oil produced were assessed and compared with commercial fuel. These properties agree well with fossil fuel and therefore have potential applications as fuel.
Discursive strategies of othering: North Korean youth on a South Korean television show
Authors: Lee Kathy , Choi Sunyoung , Min Jee Won 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
As the number of South Koreans, especially those in their 20s and 30s, in favor of unification with North Korea decreases, it is not surprising that younger generations feel a lack of closeness or familiarity with North Korean refugees in South Korea. Targeting South Korean adolescents’ ambivalence toward unification and North Korean refugees is a talk show called Great Friends. Moderated by a South Korean host, Great Friends presents the experiences of a group of North Korean and South Korean youth. Given the current social climate surrounding North Korean refugees in South Korea, this study investigates how North Korean youth on this program are discursively constructed over the course of 17 episodes aired in 2015. Considering the unequal power relations between the host country and refugees, this study applies critical discourse analysis (CDA) to interpret how North Korean adolescents are presented to a South Korean audience. The analysis reveals the ‘othering’ of North Koreans through discourses of difference. Despite presenting North Koreans as friends to South Koreans, these discursive constructions create a dichotomy by positioning North Koreans as inferior to their southern counterparts. The findings contribute to rethinking how authorities promote the integration of North Koreans in South Korea.
The protective effects of urapidil on lung tissue after intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury
Authors: Ozturk Deniz , Guzel Erdogan Derya , Tanyeli Ayhan , Çomaklı Selim , Baylan Hüseyin , Polat Elif 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective
The effects of urapidil in intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) model were investigated using histopathological and biochemical methods.

Materials and methods
Forty Wistar albino rats were subjected to sham operation (Group 1), IR (Group 2), IR+dimethyl sulfoxide (Group 3), IR+urapidil 0.5 mg/kg (Group 4), and IR+urapidil 5 mg/kg (Group 5). Levels of MDA, TAS, TOS, SOD, MPO, NF-κB, caspase-3, and LC3B were measured.

Results and discussion
The groups 2 and 3 had significantly higher TOS and MPO levels than the sham group had (p < 0.001), whereas the TAS and SOD levels were significantly lower in Group 2 than in the sham group. In treatment groups, TAS and SOD levels increased, whereas TOS, MPO, and MDA levels decreased compared to Group 2. Caspase-3 and LC3B immunopositivities were seen at severe levels in Group 2 and 3. However, Group 4 and 5 were found to have lower levels of immunopositivity. Immunopositivity was observed in interstitial areas, peribronchial region, and bronchial epithelial cells. A moderate level of NF-κB immunopositivity was seen in Group 2 and 3.

Conclusion
Our results show that urapidil is one of the antioxidant agents and protects lung tissue from oxidant effects of intestinal IR injury.
Synthesis of the first nickel borate nitrate K7Ni[B18O24(OH)9](NO3)6· (H3BO3)
Authors: Zoller Michael , Wurst Klaus , Huppertz Hubert 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The novel potassium nickel borate nitrate K7Ni[B18O24(OH)9](NO3)6 ·(H3BO3) was obtained from a simple hydrothermal synthesis in a stainless-steel autoclave at T = 513 K starting with nickel dichloride hexahydrate, and boric and nitric acid with the pH adjusted to 8 by KOH. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction data provided the basis for the structure analysis and refinement. The compound crystallizes in the trigonal space group R3̅ (no. 148) with the lattice parameters a = 1222.29(8) and c = 5478.4(4) pm. Generally, K7Ni[B18O24(OH)9](NO3)6 ·(H3BO3) is comprised of nitrate layers and complex nickel borate layers surrounded by boric acid, nitrate anions, and potassium cations.
Temperature Dependent Solubility of Benzoic Acid in Aqueous Phase and Aqueous Mixtures of Aliphatic Alcohols
Authors: Muhammad Sayyar , Sanam Sofia , Khan Hamayun , Muhammad Akhtar , Sultana Sabiha 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The benzoic acid solubility in aqueous phase and in various aqueous mixtures of methanol, ethanol and 2-propanol was determined at temperatures ranging from 303 to 333 K by an analytical technique. The results showed that the solubility of the acid in alcohols-water binary mixtures is high as compared to pure aqueous phase. The addition of alcohols to water favors the dissolution of benzoic acid which increases further with the increase in alcohols content of water within the investigated temperature range. The benzoic acid solubility in water alone and aqueous mixtures of the selected alcohols was in the order of; 2-propanol in water > ethanol in water > methanol in water > pure water. It is also observed that within the investigated temperature range, the acid solubility increases with rise in temperature in both the aqueous phase and alcohols-water binary solvents. The logarithm of the mole fraction of the acid’s solubility also showed a linear trend against the temperature. The experimental results obtained in the current study were compared with the reported literature for the studied acid and other organic acids in various solvents and showing a good agreement. The study will have implications in the processes involving separation, crystallization and pharmaceutical formulation in various industries.
Influence of Body Mass on Fitness Performance in Naval Special Warfare Operators
Authors: Wood Dallas E. , Swain David P. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Wood, DE and Swain, DP. Influence of body mass on fitness performance in Naval Special Warfare operators. J Strength Cond Res 35(11): 3120–3127, 2021—U.S. Naval Special Operations Forces have performed some of the U.S. Military's most rigorous missions. The Human Performance Program (HPP) developed a physical performance testing battery to assess and monitor physical fitness. Testing bias relative to body mass has been noted in the past literature, including military physical fitness tests. This retrospective study looked to determine whether there is body mass bias in the HPP fitness assessment and whether an optimum body mass for each fitness test could be determined. Data from 333 subjects (age: 28.4 ± 5.0 years; height: 178.4 ± 6.2 cm; mass: 86.0 ± 9.2 kg) were analyzed to compare body mass with performance on the 8 tests: standing long jump, Pro-Agility test, weighted pull-up, body weight bench press, 1 repetition maximum (1RM) deadlift, 274-m shuttle run, 4.83-km run, and 800-m swim. Linear regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship of body mass to performance; a second-degree polynomial was used to determine best-fit curves for each of the physical fitness tests; analysis of variance was used to examine differences in performance between body mass groups. Significantly better performance for lighter subjects was found in the Pro-Agility test, weighted pull-up, body weight bench press, 274-m shuttle run, and 4.83-km run. Heavier subjects performed better in the 1RM deadlift. Second-degree polynomial regression revealed optimum body mass for the Pro-Agility test, 274-m shuttle run, and 4.83-km run to be 7–16 kg heavier than the lowest body mass. These findings could help professionals better assess and train operators of varying body size.
Long-Term Athlete Development: Seasonal and Longitudinal Fitness Changes in Female University Rugby Players
Authors: Falk Neto Joao H. , Parent Eric C. , Kennedy Michael D. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Falk Neto, JH, Parent, E, and Kennedy, MD. Long-term athlete development: Seasonal and longitudinal fitness changes in female university rugby players. J Strength Cond Res 35(12): 3459–3465, 2021—The Long-Term Athlete Development model is used by organizations to determine the expected improvements from athletes at different stages of their careers. For female rugby athletes, university sports should provide continued support for athlete development during the Training to Perform stage (18–21 years old). However, little evidence exists for longitudinal changes across years of participation in university sports in this group. The purpose of this study was to assess changes in anthropometric and fitness characteristics in female university rugby players across different seasons. Seventeen players were divided into forwards (n = 9, 21.1 ± 2.6 years) and backs (n = 8, 19.62 ± 0.9 years) and assessed across 5 points over 3 years: preseason 1, postseason 1, preseason 2, postseason 2, and preseason 3. Anthropometric (height, body mass, and body mass index) and performance measurements (grip strength, flexibility, trunk muscular endurance, upper-body muscular endurance, 40-m sprint, vertical jump, and 20-m shuttle run) were collected. V̇o
2max was higher at preseason 2 compared with postseason 1 (p = 0.02), postseason 2 (p = 0.01), and preseason 3 (p = 0.015), and trunk muscular endurance was higher at preseason 3 (p = 0.02). Performance in the first 5 m of the sprint test decreased at postseason 1 (p = 0.018) and preseason 2 (p = 0.016) when compared with preseason 1. The results indicate that these female athletes did not improve their fitness across the Training to Perform stage when participating in university sports. These female rugby players likely developed their fitness at earlier stages and, at this stage, already possessed well-developed fitness levels, which were merely maintained throughout years.
A Retrospective Analysis of Collegiate Athlete Blood Biomarkers at Moderate Altitude
Authors: Morris Kalee L. , Widstrom Luke , Goodrich Jesse , Poddar Sourav , Rueda Miguel , Holliday Marissa , San Millian Inigo , Byrnes William C. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Morris, KL, Widstrom, L, Goodrich, J, Poddar, S, Rueda, M, Holliday, M, San Millian, I, and Byrnes, WC. A retrospective analysis of collegiate athlete blood biomarkers at moderate altitude. J Strength Cond Res 33(11): 2913–2919, 2019—Blood biomarkers are used to assess overall health and determine positive/negative adaptations to training/environmental stimuli. This study aimed to describe the changes in blood biomarkers in collegiate football (FB) (n = 31) and cross-country (XC) (n = 29; 16 women [FXC], 13 men [MXC]) athletes across a competitive season while training and living at a moderate altitude (1,655 m). This study used a database of previously collected hematological (complete blood count and serum ferritin) and muscle damage (lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase) blood biomarkers. Data were analyzed both within and between groups using linear mixed-model and variance component analyses, alpha = 0.05. All 3 groups had significant but different patterns of change in the measured biomarkers. Hematological blood biomarkers increased at different time points but remained within the normal reference ranges with greater between-subject vs. within-subject variability, suggesting no significant decrements to oxygen-carrying capacity across the season for FB, MXC, or FXC. Muscle damage biomarkers increased over time and exceeded the normal reference ranges, indicating cell damage pathology. However, it is also possible that the demands of training and competition might alter baseline values in these athletes, although this cannot be confirmed with the current experimental design. The patterns of change in the hematological and muscle damage biomarkers varied by sport discipline, suggesting that the training/competitive environments of these athletes influence these changes. Further studies should assess how much training, altitude, and nutrition influence these changes by using a more comprehensive set of biomarkers and related performance parameters.
Distribution of External Load During Acquisition Training Sessions and Match Play of a Professional Soccer Team
Authors: Castillo Daniel , Raya-González Javier , Weston Matthew , Yanci Javier 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Castillo, D, Raya-González, J, Weston, M, and Yanci, J. Distribution of external load during acquisition training sessions and match play of a professional soccer team. J Strength Cond Res 35(12): 3453–3458, 2021—The aim of this study was to use global position systems to analyze the external loads of the 3 different acquisition training sessions (ATS) with competitive matches in professional soccer players over a 6-week period. Sixteen professional soccer players participated in the study, which analyzed the distribution of external load during the training microcycle of a professional soccer team. The 3 types of ATS undertaken by the players were as follows: ATS1 (strength), ATS2 (endurance), and ATS3 (speed). The total distance covered, the distance covered at above 14 km·h−1, the distance covered >21 km·h−1, the number of high accelerations (>3 m·s−2), and player load were recorded. The results showed that external loads were consistently higher during matches when compared with all training sessions (range of effect sizes: 1.06–3.38). Between training session comparisons revealed higher external loads during ATS1 and ATS2, when compared with ATS3 (range of effect sizes: 0.60–2.41). The only external load variable that differed between ATS1 and ATS2 was the distance covered >21 km·h−1, which was higher for ATS1. Our findings suggest that technical staff should consider the physical demands of weekly periodization to understand the training process regarding optimizing player physical performance.
The Relationship Between Adductor Squeeze Strength, Subjective Markers of Recovery and Training Load in Elite Rugby Players
Authors: Tiernan Caoimhe , Lyons Mark , Comyns Tom , Nevill Alan M. , Warrington Giles 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Tiernan, C, Lyons, M, Comyns, T, Nevill, AM, and Warrington, G. The relationship between adductor squeeze strength, subjective markers of recovery and training load in elite Rugby players. J Strength Cond Res 33(11): 2926–2931, 2019—The adductor squeeze strength test has become a popular training monitoring marker, particularly in team sports. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between adductor squeeze strength scores, subjective markers of recovery and training load in elite Rugby Union players, because of limited research in this area. Nineteen elite male Rugby Union players completed daily monitoring markers (adductor squeeze strength and 5 selected subjective markers of recovery), over a 10-week preseason training period. Rate of perceived exertion (RPE) was collected to determine training load (session RPE; RPE × session duration) and to calculate weekly training load. Spearman’s correlation was used to analyze the relationship between adductor squeeze strength scores, subjective markers of recovery, and weekly training load. The results found that where adductor squeeze scores decreased, both perceived fatigue levels (r = −0.335; R
2 = 11.2%; p < 0.001) and muscle soreness (r = −0.277; R
2 = 7.7%; p < 0.001) increased. A weak correlation was found between Monday adductor squeeze strength scores and the previous week's training load (r = −0.235; R
2 = 5.5%; p < 0.001) and Friday adductor squeeze strength scores and the same week's training load (r = −0.211; R
2 = 4.5%; p < 0.05). These results show that adductor squeeze strength may provide coaches with a time-efficient, low‐cost objective, player monitoring marker. Additionally, the combination of adductor strength squeeze, with subjective markers, perceived fatigue, and muscle soreness, and appropriately planned training load may help coaches to optimize training adaptations by determining a player's training status.
“He was unable to set aside the effeminate, and so was forgotten”: Masculinity, Its Fears, and the Uses of Falsetto in the Early Nineteenth Century
Authors: Crowe Robert 
Published: August 2019

The male falsetto enjoyed a brief period of acceptance, even adulation, as it was wielded by tenors such as John Braham and Giovanni Rubini in the first four decades of the nineteenth century. At the same time, the last castrati to tread the stage were winding down their careers, while in Germany and Austria female impersonators such as Karl Blumenfeld, who possessed highly cultivated falsetto voices, were achieving a kind of fame of their own. These three kinds of falsetto—the castrato voice was heard at this time as having the same two registers standard for all voices, falsetto and chest voice—were, to a degree probably startling to modern readers, considered analogous to one another.
The decline of the ”legitimate” falsetto as an extension of the tenorial chest voice was concurrent with the phenomena of the disappearing castrati and the wildly over-the-top female impersonators—all of whom were both implicitly and explicitly compared to one another. Both the tenors and the falsettists bore an uncomfortable, even ridiculous, perceptual proximity to the epicene, effeminate, always/already maimed state of the castrato, under the regulation of an anxious version of the male gaze. This proximity played a large role in the rapid disappearance of the tenorial falsetto after 1840.
Peer Support Group as a Model for Improving Behavior of Hypertension Risk and Complication Control
Authors: Azinar Muhammad , Azam Mahalul , Sugiharto Sugiharto 
Published: August 2019

Background: Based on Basic Health Research (Riset Kesehatan Dasar) 2013 data, the prevalence of hypertension in Indonesia was high (26.5%). It means that 1 in 4 people suffer from hypertension. Based on a preliminary study conducted by researchers in November 2017 at the Primary Healthcare Center (PHC) of Kalongan, it was found that 67% of hypertensive patients did not recognize risk factors, signs and symptoms of hypertension. Results of examinations and report at the PHC and Non-communicable Disease (NCD) Surveillance (Posbindu) in the working area of ​​ PHC of Kalongan in 2017, that Kawengen village was a village with the highest number of hypertension cases from 6 villages in their working area. Peer Support Group is a form of empowerment innovation that can be applied to.
Methods: This study was pre-experimental with one group pretest-posttest design. The study population was all hypertensive patients in Kawengen village. Sample was determined purposively, obtained by 61 people. The research instrument was the pretest and posttest questionnaire. Data analysis was performed by McNemar test.
Results: Peer Support Group model can improve knowledge (p value 0.031), behavior (p value 0.008), risk and complication control practices (p value 0.012). Risk and complication control behavior is an effort that can be implemented to reduce hypertension cases in the community.
Conclusion: Peer Support Group is one of community empowerment models, especially for patients which can increase knowledge, change behavior, and improve risk and complication control practices among hypertensive patients as participant of Peer Support Group.
Avaliação da Qualidade dos Serviços Logísticos Prestados por Websites Utilizando o SERVQUAL
Authors: Oliveira Eliana Burgos Bernardo de , Lima Carlos Wilson Da Silva , Sant'Anna Carlos Henrique Michels de , Melo Fagner José Coutinho de , Júnior Djalma Silva Guimarães 
Published: August 2019

Atualmente os consumidores estão cada vez mais exigentes em relação à escolha de um serviço, o que faz com que as empresas busquem um diferencial competitivo que supere as expectativas dos clientes, onde quando se trata do comércio eletrônico uma maneira de buscar esse diferencial é através da qualidade dos serviços logísticos. Portanto é fundamental saber o que os clientes esperam dos serviços, bem como sua percepção sobre eles. Neste trabalho foi utilizado o SERVQUAL para avaliar a qualidade dos serviços logísticos prestados pelos websites, através da identificação das lacunas entre as expectativas e a percepção dos serviços logísticos prestados pelos websites. Os resultados mostraram que a qualidade dos serviços prestados foi baixa na maioria dos casos, mostrando que as expectativas dos usuários não foram atendidas. Com base na análise de quartil foram propostas medidas de correção e/ou prevenção dos maiores gaps encontrados, visando melhorar a qualidade dos serviços logísticos prestados pelos websites.
Odrodzenie religii w Chinach po Mao
Authors: Kosior Krzysztof 
Published: August 2019

Eksponowanie agnostycznego charakteru konfucjanizmu przez zachodnich sinologów przyczyniło się do jednostronnej percepcji religii chińskiej jako zdominowanej przez aktywność magiczną. Niekombatybilność chińskich wierzeń z religiami teistycznymi, wysuwającymi na pierwszy plan obecność Boga bądź osobowość bóstwa, sprawiła, że przeświadczenie sinologów powielali zachodni religioznawcy. W następstwie takiego nastawienia, mieszkańców Państwa Środka traktowano bądź jako przesądnych, bądź zgoła niereligijnych. Podobnie rzecz ujmowali zwalczający „religijny zabobon” politycy republikańscy, a po nich ideolodzy maoistowskiej KPCh. Jego utrzymywanie się miało stabilizować społeczne podziały, hamować rozwój i uniemożliwiać efektywną komunikację partii z ludem. Przymusowa ateizacja jednak, wbrew oczekiwaniom maoistowskich komunistów, nie stała się katalizatorem zjednoczenia narodu ani narzędziem postępu, ale wyjałowiła ludzi duchowo, przez co zamiast zgodnie współżyć, zabiegali o własne przetrwanie, także kosztem innych.
Co więcej, tam gdzie religia okazuje się być pożyteczna w dziele budowy potęgi kraju, należy ją promować i wspierać jej rozwój. Nie wiąże się to wszakże z deklaracją pełnej wolności religijnej. Poza tym nie wszystkie obecne w Chinach religie są traktowane z równą przychylnością. Z różnych względów wyróżniany jest chiński buddyzm (Hàn chuán fójiào 汉传佛教). Aktywność instytucji religijnych jest reglamentowana i w różnym stopniu, w odniesieniu do różnych religii, akceptowana.
W artykule analizuje się wyżej wskazane i jeszcze inne aspekty obecności religii w dzisiejszych Chinach.