bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association between knee breadth and body mass: The Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 case study
Authors: Keisu Asla , Oura Petteri , Niskanen Markku , Ruff Christopher B. , Niinimäki Jaakko , Arvola Timo , Auvinen Juha , Tuukkanen Juha , Lehenkari Petri , Junno Juho‐Antti 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesBody mass estimation from skeletal dimensions is a useful tool when studying archeological human samples. Bony articular surface dimensions of the lower limb have frequently been utilized to estimate body size. In the present study, we investigated the association between knee breadth and body mass in a Northern European population. Our study aimed to confirm both methodology and results presented in earlier studies.Materials and methodsThe study sample consists of 1,290 subjects belonging to the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966. Three knee breadth dimensions—femoral biepicondylar breadth, mediolateral breadth of femoral condyles, and mediolateral breadth of the tibial plateau—were measured from subjects' knee PA‐radiographs. Measurements and their association with body weight at 31 years were utilized for creating body mass estimation equations using linear regression and reduced major axis regression. Correlations between knee measurements and body weight at three different ages (18, 31, and 46) were also analyzed.ResultsPositive associations were detected between each knee breadth variable and weight in the total sample and both genders separately. Body mass estimation equations were created for the total sample, for males and for females. R values of the models ranged from 0.38 to 0.74. Median absolute percent prediction errors ranged from 6.89 to 9.72%. The highest correlations were obtained between knee breadth and body weight in early adulthood.DiscussionOur large sample confirmed that equations derived from knee breadth dimensions are accurate when estimating body mass of modern humans. Knee breadth measurements clearly have a positive association with body weight in early maturity.
Synthesis of Sulfonimidamides from Sulfenamides via an Alkoxy‐amino‐λ6‐sulfanenitrile Intermediate
Authors: Briggs Edward L. , Tota Arianna , Colella Marco , Degennaro Leonardo , Luisi Renzo , Bull James A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSulfonimidamides are intriguing new motifs for medicinal and agrochemistry, and provide attractive bioisosteres for sulfonamides. However, there remain few operationally simple methods for their preparation. Here, the synthesis of NH‐sulfonimidamides is achieved directly from sulfenamides, themselves readily formed in one step from amines and disulfides. A highly chemoselective and one‐pot NH and O transfer is developed, mediated by PhIO in iPrOH, using ammonium carbamate as the NH source, and in the presence of 1 equivalent of acetic acid. A wide range of functional groups are tolerated under the developed reaction conditions, which also enables the functionalization of the antidepressants desipramine and fluoxetine and the preparation of an aza analogue of the drug probenecid. The reaction is shown to proceed via different and concurrent mechanistic pathways, including the formation of novel S≡N sulfanenitrile species as intermediates. Several alkoxy‐amino‐λ6‐sulfanenitriles are prepared with different alcohols, and shown to be alkylating agents to a range of nucleophiles.
An Oligothiophene–Fullerene Molecule with a Balanced Donor–Acceptor Backbone for High‐Performance Single‐Component Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Wei , Sun Rui , Guo Jing , Guo Jie , Min Jie 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA new balanced donor–acceptor molecule, namely, benzodithiophene (BDT)‐rhodanine‐[6,6]‐phenyl‐C71 butyric acid methyl ester (Rh‐PC71BM) comprising two covalently linked blocks, a p‐type oligothiophene‐containing BDT‐based moiety and an n‐type PC71BM unit was designed and synthesized. The single‐component organic solar cell (SCOSC) fabricated from Rh‐PC71BM molecules showed a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.22 % with an open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.98 V. These results rank are among the highest values for SCOSCs based on a monomolecular material. In particular, the one‐molecule Rh‐PC71BM device exhibits excellent thermal stability compared to reference Rh‐OH:PC71BM device. The success of our monomolecular strategy can provide a new way to develop high‐performance SCOSCs.
A Nanobody‐Conjugated DNA Nanoplatform for Targeted Platinum‐Drug Delivery
Authors: Wu Tiantian , Liu Jianbing , Liu Manman , Liu Shaoli , Zhao Shuai , Tian Run , Wei Dengshuai , Liu Yangzhong , Zhao Yao , Xiao Haihua , Ding Baoquan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs is a major challenge in the clinical treatment of cancer. Herein, we constructed a multifunctional DNA nanoplatform as a versatile carrier of the highly potent platinum‐based DNA intercalator, 56MESS. In our rational design, 56MESS was efficiently loaded into the double‐bundle DNA tetrahedron through intercalation with the DNA duplex. With the integration of a nanobody that both targets and blocks epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), the DNA nanocarriers exhibit excellent selectivity for cells with elevated EGFR expression (a common biomarker related to tumor formation) and combined tumor therapy without obvious systemic toxicity. This DNA‐based platinum‐drug delivery system provides a promising strategy for the treatment of tumors.
A Nickel‐Diamine/Mesoporous Silica Composite as a Heterogeneous Chiral Catalyst for Asymmetric 1,4‐Addition Reactions
Authors: Ishitani Haruro , Kanai Kan , Yoo Woo‐Jin , Yoshida Tomoko , Kobayashi Shū 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA chiral composite material, derived from the deposition of a chiral nickel–diamine complex via wet impregnation to MCM‐41, was shown to be an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for asymmetric 1,4‐addition reactions of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds with nitroalkenes, and of nitromethane with alkylidenemalonates. It was discovered that MCM‐41 enhanced the reactivity and improved the stability of the chiral nickel complex that resides within the mesoporous material.
In Situ Single‐Cell Western Blot on Adherent Cell Culture
Authors: Zhang Yizhe , Naguro Isao , Herr Amy E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntegrating 2D culture of adherent mammalian cells with single‐cell western blotting (in situ scWB) uses microfluidic design to eliminate the requirement for trypsin release of cells to suspension, prior to single‐cell isolation and protein analysis. To assay HeLa cells from an attached starting state, we culture adherent cells in fibronectin‐functionalized microwells formed in a thin layer of polyacrylamide gel. To integrate the culture, lysis, and assay workflow, we introduce a one‐step copolymerization process that creates protein‐decorated microwells. After single‐cell culture, we lyse each cell in the microwell and perform western blotting on each resultant lysate. We observe cell spreading after overnight microwell‐based culture. scWB reports increased phosphorylation of MAP kinases (ERK1/2, p38) under hypertonic conditions. We validate the in situ scWB with slab‐gel western blot, while revealing cell‐to‐cell heterogeneity in stress responses.
Facile Stereoselective Approach to Diverse Spiroheterocyclic Tetrahydropyrans: Concise Synthesis of (+)‐Broussonetine G and H
Authors: Zhou Li , Yu Shu‐Yang , Tang Yong , Wang Lijia 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA highly diastereoselective copper‐catalyzed multicomponent cyclization of exocyclic enol ethers/enamines with methylene malonate and aldehydes has been developed to furnish spiroheterocyclic tetrahydropyrans in high yields with greater than 95:5 d.r. This method is practical, in that 36 examples, including a range of aldehydes and exo‐vinyl heterocycles, are presented. By applying the newly developed method, the total synthesis of (+)‐broussonetine G and formal synthesis of (+)‐broussonetine H were achieved in a concise way.
Potential‐Responsive Surfaces for Manipulation of Cell Adhesion, Release, and Differentiation
Authors: Zhang Libing , Wang Zongjie , Das Jagotamoy , Labib Mahmoud , Ahmed Sharif , Sargent Edward H. , Kelley Shana O. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn living systems, interfacial molecular interactions control many biological processes. New stimuli‐responsive strategies are desired to provide versatile model systems that can regulate cell behavior in vitro. Described here are potential‐responsive surfaces that control cell adhesion and release as well as stem cell differentiation. Cell adhesion can be modulated dynamically by applying negative and positive potentials to surfaces functionalized with tailored monolayers. This process alters cell morphology and ultimately controls behavior and the fate of the cells. Cells can be detached from the electrode surface as intact clusters with different geometries using electrochemical potentials. Importantly, morphological changes during adhesion guide stem cell differentiation. The higher accessibility of the peptide under a positive applied potential causes phenotypic changes in the cells that are hallmarks of osteogenesis, whereas lower accessibility of the peptide promoted by negative potentials leads to adipogenesis.
Reactions in the Photocatalytic Conversion of Tertiary Alcohols on Rutile TiO2(110)
Authors: Courtois Carla , Eder Moritz , Schnabl Kordula , Walenta Constantin A. , Tschurl Martin , Heiz Ulrich 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAccording to textbooks, tertiary alcohols are inert towards oxidation. The photocatalysis of tertiary alcohols under highly defined vacuum conditions on a titania single crystal reveals unexpected and new reactions, which can be described as disproportionation into an alkane and the respective ketone. In contrast to primary and secondary alcohols, in tertiary alcohols the absence of an α‐H leads to a C−C‐bond cleavage instead of the common abstraction of hydrogen. Surprisingly, bonds to methyl groups are not cleaved when the alcohol exhibits longer alkyl chains in the α‐position to the hydroxyl group. The presence of platinum loadings not only increases the reaction rate but also opens up a new reaction channel: the formation of molecular hydrogen and a long‐chain alkane resulting from recombination of two alkyl moieties. This work demonstrates that new synthetic routes may become possible by introducing photocatalytic reaction steps in which the co‐catalysts may also play a decisive role.
Differential Responsiveness of Monocyte and Macrophage Subsets to Interferon
Authors: Han Shuhong , Zhuang Haoyang , Lee Pui Y. , Li Mingjia , Yang Lijun , Nigrovic Peter A. , Reeves Westley H. 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivePeripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients exhibit a gene expression program (interferon [IFN] signature) that is attributed to overproduction of type I IFNs by plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Type I IFNs have been thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of SLE. This study was undertaken to examine an unexpected influence of monocyte/macrophages on the IFN signature.MethodsProinflammatory (classic) and antiinflammatory (nonclassic) monocyte/macrophages were sorted from mice and analyzed by RNA sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Type I IFN‐α/β/ω receptor (IFNAR‐1) expression was determined by qPCR and flow cytometry. Macrophages were stimulated in vitro with IFNα, and pSTAT1was measured.ResultsTranscriptional profiling of peritoneal macrophages from mice with pristane‐induced SLE unexpectedly indicated a strong IFN signature in classic, but not nonclassic, monocyte/macrophages exposed to the same type I IFN concentrations. Ifnar1 messenger RNA and IFNAR surface staining were higher in classic monocyte/macrophages versus nonclassic monocyte/macrophages (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.05, respectively, by Student's t‐test). Nonclassic monocyte/macrophages were also relatively insensitive to IFNα‐driven STAT1 phosphorylation. Humans exhibited a similar pattern: higher IFNAR expression (P < 0.0001 by Student's t‐test) and IFNα‐stimulated gene expression (P < 0.01 by paired Wilcoxon's rank sum test) in classic monocyte/macrophages and lower levels in nonclassic monocyte/macrophages.ConclusionThis study revealed that the relative abundance of different monocyte/macrophage subsets helps determine the magnitude of the IFN signature. Responsiveness to IFNα signaling reflects differences in IFNAR expression in classic (high IFNAR) compared to nonclassic (low IFNAR) monocyte/macrophages. Thus, the IFN signature depends on both type I IFN production and the responsiveness of monocyte/macrophages to IFNAR signaling.
Multidentate Anchors for Surface Functionalization
Authors: Li Zhong‐Qiu , Tang Jian‐Hong , Zhong Yu‐Wu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe bottom‐up functionalization of solid surfaces shows increasing importance for a wide range of interdisciplinary applications. Multidentate anchors with more than two contact points can bind to solid surfaces with strong chemisorption, well‐defined upright configuration, and tailored functionality. The surface functionalization using multidentate anchors with three (tripodal), four (quadripodal), or more binding points is summarized herein, with a focus on those beyond classical tripodal anchors. In particular, the molecular design on how to achieve multisite interaction between anchor and substrate and the introduction of functional groups to thin films are discussed.
Teaching progressions and learning progressions
Authors: Wolfson Adele J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractJust as students undergo “learning progressions” in moving from naivety to mastery of biochemical topics, faculty experience “teaching progressions” as they experiment with pedagogy, listen to students' feedback, and become members of a community of educators. An important element of both teaching and learning is assessment. Good assessment tools reflect the value we place on thoughtful instruction and in‐depth thinking. © 2019 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 47(5):493–497, 2019.
Plasmid production and purification: An integrated experiment‐based biochemistry and biotechnology laboratory course
Authors: Santos Tiago , Pereira Patrícia , Queiroz João A. , Cruz Carla , Sousa Fani 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis laboratory experiment describes the production and purification of plasmid DNA for undergraduate biochemistry and biotechnology courses. This experiment performed in a one‐week period includes the protocols for plasmid pVAX1‐LacZ production in Escherichia coli DH5α cells and subsequent purification of supercoiled pVAX1‐LacZ. Firstly, the students use a growth medium that favors the replication of the plasmid resulting in a higher plasmid production during exponential growth. Afterwards, alkaline lysis is done to disrupt the bacterial cells and recover pVAX1‐LacZ plasmid. Lastly, they perform the purification of pVAX1‐LacZ supercoiled isoform by L‐histidine chromatography, followed by agarose gel electrophoresis to characterize the separation of supercoiled isoform from contaminants. The proposed experiment provides an opportunity for students to acquire these skills that are routinely used in biochemistry and biotechnology laboratories. © 2019 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 47(6):638–643, 2019.
Conceptualization of system dynamic for patchouli oil agroindustry development
Authors: Rahmayanti Dina , Hadiguna Rika Ampuh , Santosa Santosa , Nazir Novizar 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPatchouli oil industry is one of the sectors that should be developed in Indonesia because Indonesia supplies around 90% patchouli oil in the world. This study aims to identify the data required for making agroindustry development decisions using system dynamic. This research was designing the stock flow diagrams (SFD) of patchouli oil from the plantation to the exporter. There are four types of SFD patchouli oil agroindustry, namely, plantation section, farmer section, collector section, and exporter section. The results of the study can identify the data needed as input for the dynamic system model. Input data must be determined first to run the model. Input data for each stage of SFD must be available if the government wants to do the development of patchouli oil agroindustry using a dynamic system model.
Virtualization and visualization of virtual memory system for effective teaching–learning
Authors: Bhat Wasim A. , Rashid Aazima , Wani Faiza F. , Altaf Fiza 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this paper we present a tool that virtualizes creation and execution of large address space programs, and visualizes working of virtual memory system in response to their virtualized execution to facilitate effective teaching–learning of the abstract concept and technical details of virtual memory system. The tool allows users to write large address space virtual programs using a small set of instructions, virtualize their execution and visualize the working of virtual memory system in response to their virtualized execution. We also evaluated students’ response towards the tool to investigate its teaching–learning effectiveness and acceptance by student community. The results suggest that with respect to the Technology Acceptance Model variables, students had positive values indicating a tendency to be favorable towards using the tool in their learning. Students exhibited high intention to use the tool, demonstrated a high positive attitude towards the tool, and showed high perceived usefulness of the tool to acquire complete, concrete and confident knowledge of virtual memory system.
Wavy mucosal tear in the sigmoid colon
Authors: Tominaga Kentaro , Yokoyama Junji , Hayashi Kazunao , Tsuchiya Atsunori , Terai Shuji 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAlthough linear mucosal tears have been reported, we found a relatively rare case of wavy mucosal tear in collagenous colitis. This may be related to the mutual weak adhesiveness between the epithelium and collagen band. This complication necessitates great care to be taken while performing colonoscopy in patients suspected of collagenous colitis.
Magnetic Fields Enhanced the Performance of Tubular Dichalcogenide Micromotors at Low Hydrogen Peroxide Levels
Authors: de la Asunción‐Nadal Víctor , Jurado‐Sánchez Beatriz , Vázquez Luis , Escarpa Alberto 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPropulsion at the microscale has attracted significant research interest. In this work, a numerical simulation to explain the speed boost of up to 34 % experienced by transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) based micromotors under the effect of applied magnetic fields is described. The simulations show that, when an external magnetic field is applied, the flow regime changes from turbulent to laminar. This causes an increase in the residence time of the fuel over the catalyst surface, which enhances the oxygen production. The more efficient generation and growth of the bubbles lead to an increase of the capillary force exerted by them. Interestingly, the effect is more pronounced as the level of fuel decrease. The validity of the model is also proven by comparing both theoretical and experimental results. Interestingly, the speed enhancement in magnetic mode depends on geometrical factors only, as a similar phenomenon was observed in a variety of microjets with a variable surface roughness. The understanding of such phenomena will open new avenues for understanding and controlling the motion behavior of high‐towing‐force catalytic micromotors.
Engineering Migration Pathway for Effective Separation of Photogenerated Carriers on Multicomponent Heterojunctions Coated with Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon
Authors: Zhuang Yuan , Sun Liming , Zeng Suyuan , Zhan Wenwen , Wang Xiao‐Jun , Zhao Yanli , Han Xiguang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMulticomponent NiTiO3/A‐TiO2/R‐TiO2 photocatalysts coated with nitrogen‐doped carbon (N‐C/NiTiO3/A‐TiO2/R‐TiO2) for efficient H2 production were fabricated by directly pyrolyzing NH2‐MIL‐125(Ni/Ti) metal–organic framework microrods. Owing to the synergistic effect of the N‐doped carbon coating layer and multicomponent heterojunctions, the H2 production rate of N‐C/NiTiO3/A‐TiO2/R‐TiO2 was even higher than that of its Pt‐containing counterpart (Pt/NiTiO3/A‐TiO2/R‐TiO2). N‐C/NiTiO3/A‐TiO2 and N‐C/NiTiO3/R‐TiO2 as control photocatalysts were also prepared by simply adjusting the calcination temperature of NH2‐MIL‐125(Ni/Ti) in air atmosphere. The H2 production rate followed the order of N‐C/NiTiO3/A‐TiO2/R‐TiO2>N‐C/NiTiO3/A‐TiO2>N‐C/NiTiO3>R‐TiO2, which indicates that the multicomponent heterojunction plays a key role in photocatalytic H2 generation. The mechanism for the influence of the multicomponent heterojunction on photocatalytic activity was investigated in combination with molecular simulations, which showed that N‐C/NiTiO3/A‐TiO2/R‐TiO2 has a so‐called double type II heterojunction providing a perfect step‐by‐step migration pathway for effective separation of photogenerated electrons and holes. This work presents a simple and effective method for synthesizing efficient multicomponent photocatalysts.
Acid‐Assisted Direct Olefin Metathesis of Unprotected Carbohydrates in Water
Authors: Timmer Brian J. J. , Ramström Olof 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe ability to use unprotected carbohydrates in olefin metathesis reactions in aqueous media is demonstrated. By using water‐soluble, amine‐functionalized Hoveyda–Grubbs catalysts under mildly acidic aqueous conditions, the self‐metathesis of unprotected alkene‐functionalized α‐d‐manno‐ and α‐d‐galactopyranosides could be achieved through minimization of nonproductive chelation and isomerization. Cross‐metathesis with allyl alcohol could also be achieved with reasonable selectivity. The presence of small quantities (2.5 vol %) of acetic acid increased the formation of the self‐metathesis product while significantly reducing the alkene isomerization process. The catalytic activity was furthermore retained in the presence of large amounts (0.01 mm) of protein, underlining the potential of this carbon–carbon bond‐forming reaction under biological conditions. These results demonstrate the potential of directly using unprotected carbohydrate structures in olefin metathesis reactions under mild conditions compatible with biological systems, and thereby enabling their use in, for example, drug discovery and protein derivatization.
Metal‐Free Fast Azidation by Using Tetrabutylammonium Azide: Effective Synthesis of Alkyl Azides and Well‐Defined Azido‐End Polymethacrylates
Authors: Wang Chen‐Gang , Chong Amerlyn Ming Liing , Lu Yunpeng , Liu Xu , Goto Atsushi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAn effective method to synthesize azido‐end polymethacrylates from tetrabutylammonium azide (BNN3) in a nonpolar solvent (toluene) was developed. Several low‐mass alkyl halides were reacted with BNN3 in toluene as model reactions and the rate constants of these reactions were determined, to confirm fast BNN3 azidation for tertiary and secondary halides. The end‐group transformation of halide‐end polymethacrylates was effective and nearly quantitative. Notably, the combination of organocatalyzed living (or reversible deactivation) radical polymerization and BNN3 azidation enabled the metal‐free synthesis of azido‐end polymethacrylates, including single‐azido‐end and multi‐azido‐end functional homopolymers and block copolymers. The rapid and quantitative reaction without the requirement for a large excess of BNN3, metal‐free and polar‐solvent‐free nature, and broad polymer scope are attractive features of this azidation.