bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of different solvents on total phenolic and total anthocyanin contents of Clitoria ternatea L. petal and their anti‐cholesterol oxidation capabilities
Authors: López Prado Adriana S. , Shen Yixiao , Ardoin Ryan , Osorio Luis F. , Cardona Jorge , Xu Zhimin , Prinyawiwatkul Witoon 
Published: September 2018

SummaryClitoria ternatea (CT) petals have a high content of polyphenolic compounds, including anthocyanins, which protect against lipid oxidation. This research evaluated total phenolic content, total anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity of CT extracts obtained using distilled water, methanol, and/or water‐methanol combination (1:1) solvents after 6, 12 and 24 h soaking times. The predominant bioactive compounds of CT petals were kaempferol 3‐neohesperidoside (462.63 mg per 100 g), caffeoylmalic acid (137.59 mg per 100 g), and kaempferol 3‐(2G‐rhamnosylrutinoside) (129.28 mg per 100 g). The capacity of each solvent‐type extract obtained from 6 h soaking time to inhibit cholesterol oxidation was determined after 24 and 48 h in an emulsion model. At 6 h soaking time, the combination‐solvent yielded an extract with the highest anthocyanin content (63.9 μg mL−1) and inhibited 89.8% of 7‐ketocholesterol production in emulsion, compared to the control. This study demonstrated that CT petal extracts can enhance health benefits and lengthen shelf life of emulsion‐type products.
Association of vitiligo with hospitalization for mental health disorders in US adults
Authors: Patel K.R. , Singam V. , Rastogi S. , Lee H.H. , Silverberg N.B. , Silverberg J.I. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundVitiligo has a complex bidirectional relationship with mental health (MH) disturbances. However, little is known about the relationship between vitiligo and MH emergencies.ObjectiveTo examine the associations of vitiligo and MH hospitalizations in the United States.MethodsData from the 2002 to 2012 National Inpatient Sample were analysed, including a ~20% sample of all US hospitalizations (n = 87 053 155 children and adults). Prevalence of hospitalization for MH disorders, their length of stay (LOS) and cost of care were determined for those with vitiligo compared to those without vitiligo.ResultsHospitalization for MH disorders occurred more commonly in those with vitiligo compared to those without vitiligo (4.17% vs. 2.18%). In multivariable logistic regression models, vitiligo was associated with higher odds of admission for any MH disorder [adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 1.69 (1.61–1.78)], including 14 of 15 MH disorders examined. Associated MH disorders included anxiety, schizophrenia, depression, suicidal risk, personality disorder, ADD/ADHD and conduct disorder, substance use disorder, childhood and adolescent psychiatric illnesses, alcohol‐related disorders, adjustment disorders, developmental disorders, impulse control disorders, history of mental health disorders and miscellaneous mental health disorders. Vitiligo patients hospitalized with any MH disorder had higher geometric‐mean (95% confidence interval) cost of inpatient care [$10 992 ($10 477–$11 507) vs. $10 082 ($9728–$10 435)] and LOS [5.6 (5.3–5.8) vs. 4.8 (4.6–4.9); P < 0.0001] compared to those without vitiligo, with $10.5 million excess annual costs from hospitalization with MH disorders in persons with vitiligo.ConclusionsPersons with vitiligo had increased hospitalization for multiple MH disorders, which were associated with a considerable cost burden.
Certolizumab pegol for the treatment of patients with moderate‐to‐severe chronic plaque psoriasis: pooled analysis of week 16 data from three randomized controlled trials
Authors: Blauvelt A. , Reich K. , Lebwohl M. , Burge D. , Arendt C. , Peterson L. , Drew J. , Rolleri R. , Gottlieb A.B. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundCertolizumab pegol, an Fc‐free, PEGylated, anti‐tumour necrosis factor (TNF) biologic, has demonstrated favourable results in three ongoing, phase 3, randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled trials in adults with psoriasis.ObjectiveData were pooled from the ongoing trials to investigate efficacy in selected subgroups and add precision to estimates of treatment effects during the initial 16 weeks of treatment.MethodsIn each trial, patients ≥18 years with moderate‐to‐severe chronic plaque psoriasis for ≥6 months were randomized to receive certolizumab 400 mg, certolizumab 200 mg or placebo every 2 weeks for 16 weeks. Coprimary endpoints for the pooled analysis were responder rates at Week 16, defined as ≥75% reduction in psoriasis area and severity index (PASI 75) and physician global assessment (PGA) of 0/1 (‘clear’/‘almost clear’ with ≥2‐category improvement). Safety was assessed by treatment‐emergent adverse events.ResultsA total of 850 patients treated with certolizumab 400 mg (N = 342), certolizumab 200 mg (N = 351) or placebo (N = 157) were included in the pooled analysis. At Week 16, PASI 75 and PGA 0/1 responder rates were 80.1% and 63.7% in the certolizumab 400 mg group, 74.5% and 54.6% in the certolizumab 200 mg group, and 7.5% and 2.8% in the placebo group (P < 0.0001 for each dose versus placebo). In patients with and without prior biologic therapy, both doses of certolizumab resulted in substantially higher responder rates versus placebo. The incidence of adverse events was generally similar between the 400 mg and placebo groups, and somewhat lower in the 200 mg group versus placebo. No new safety signals were identified.ConclusionCertolizumab pegol 400 mg or 200 mg every 2 weeks for 16 weeks was associated with statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvements in signs and symptoms of psoriasis in patients with and without prior biologic therapy, and a safety profile consistent with the anti‐TNF class in psoriasis.
Application of a moderate electric field for the potential acceleration of the salting process of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
Authors: Simpson R. , Nuñez H. , Jaques A. , Ramírez C. , Quiroz N. , Moreno J. , Sastry S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe aim of this research was to investigate the acceleration of brine‐salting process of salmon when coupling it with moderate electric field (MEF). Salmon samples were cut into cylinder shape (0.025 ± 0.001 m diameter and 0.025 ± 0.001 m height), and then brined at two salt concentrations (6 or 24%) until equilibrium is reached. Processing time, salt concentration throughout time, moisture content, color, and hardness of salmon samples were determined. The results showed that the effective diffusion coefficients (De) of salt within salmon tissue, were in the range 3.28 × 10−10 to 4.22 × 10−10 m2/s for both standard process and coupled with MEF, without significant differences (p > .05). Even though De had no significant differences for both processes, processing time for MEF treatments were significantly shorter, due to differences in the equilibrium salt concentration. Also, MEF did not affect quality parameters when compared with standard process. In addition, MEF treatments showed an increased salt concentration in the final product.Practical applicationsOne of the most attractive technologies to add value to Atlantic salmon is the cold smoking process. For this purpose, salting is considered as the main step during cold smoking of Atlantic salmon to extend its shelf‐life. However, salmon salting using a brining solution take many hours until reaching an adequate salt concentration (between 2.0 and 3.9% or 3.5 and 6% in the water phase). The moderate electric field (MEF) technology will allow to reduce the salting processing time up to 80% using a very low electric field (around 2 V/cm) and without affecting the final quality of the product, compared with the traditional method. This technology shows potential for a successful implementation in the seafood industry without requiring a high investment cost.
Orotate phosphoribosyltransferase as a predictor of benefit from S‐1 adjuvant chemotherapy for cholangiocarcinoma patients
Authors: Akahoshi Keiichi , Ban Daisuke , Kuboki Ryo , Oba Atsushi , Ono Hiroaki , Mitsunori Yusuke , Kudo Atsushi , Tanaka Shinji , Tanabe Minoru 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackground and AimTo improve the prognosis of cholangiocarcinoma, we investigated potential biomarkers that may enable the selection of patients for whom postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy is likely effective.MethodsThe cohort of this retrospective study included 170 surgically resected cholangiocarcinoma patients, 26 with gemcitabine adjuvant chemotherapy (GEM group), 36 with S‐1 adjuvant chemotherapy (S‐1 group), and 103 receiving no adjuvant chemotherapy (NC group). Propensity score matching was performed to adjust patient backgrounds; 36 patients from the NC group then were selected. Immunohistochemistry of orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT) and human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) was performed to determine the correlation between their expression and disease‐free survival (DFS).ResultsAfter matching, the backgrounds of these three groups were unbiased. No significant improvement of DFS by adjuvant chemotherapy was observed in the whole cohort. However, among the high‐OPRT‐expression patients, DFS of GEM, S‐1, and NC groups at 5 years was 28.8%, 53.8%, and 25.5%, respectively. The DFS of the S‐1 group was significantly longer than that of the NC group (P = 0.034). On the other hand, no significant differences in DFS were observed among the low OPRT expression patients. hENT1 expression was shown to have no predictive value. Multivariate analysis of the high‐OPRT‐expression patients demonstrated that S‐1 adjuvant chemotherapy can reduce tumor recurrence (HR, 0.303; P = 0.013).ConclusionCholangiocarcinoma patients with high OPRT expression would benefit from postoperative adjuvant S‐1 therapy, which increases the DFS. Assessment of OPRT expression may contribute to the optimization of adjuvant chemotherapy for cholangiocarcinoma.
Psychometric properties of the Clinical Outcome Routine Evaluation‐Learning Disabilities 30‐Item (CORE‐LD30)
Authors: Barrowcliff A. L. , Oathamshaw S. C. , Evans C. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundThere is paucity in availability of valid and reliable measures of psychopathology that can be routinely applied with an intellectual disability (ID) population in clinical practice. The psychometric properties of the Clinical Outcome Routine Evaluation‐Learning Disabilities 30‐Item version (CORE‐LD30) are examined.MethodThe CORE‐LD30 was administered to 271 sequential referrals to three National Health Service (NHS) ID services providing psychological support. A principal components analysis with oblique rotation was conducted with examination of convergent validity for extracted domains.ResultsThree rotated factors were extracted with good levels of internal consistency reported for the overall measure (α = 0.92) and each of the domains, conceptually labelled Problems/Symptoms (α = 0.90), Risk to Self (α = 0.76) and Risk to Others (α = 0.71). Convergent validity is reported for two domains [Problems/Symptoms with the Glasgow Depression Scale for people with a learning disability (LD) and Risk to Others with the Health of the Nation Outcome Scale‐LD], and support for the CORE‐LD30 as a ‘core’ measure indicated.ConclusionsThe CORE‐LD30 is recommended as a useful broad ranging measure of psychopathology for use with an ID population. Domains may prove to be useful for research and clinical purposes. Further research is recommended to examine the ability to monitor clinical change associated with specific levels of presentation and different clinical presentations/cohorts.
“Everything Went Boom”: Kinship Narratives of Transfronterizo University Students
Authors: O'Connor Brendan H. 
Published: September 2018

ResumenEste artículo explora la interrelación de la movilidad transfronteriza, el parentesco y la educación superior entre alumnos universitarios que cruzaban regularmente la frontera EE.UU‐México. Un análisis de contrastes cronotópicos (espaciales‐temporales) en las narrativas de parentesco de estos alumnos revela que los cambios en la movilidad transfronteriza, ocasionados por la agitación sociopolítica además que las decisiones educativas de los alumnos, resultaban en temores frente al cambio cultural – específicamente, la sustitución del parentesco mexicano con una forma “más norteamericana” de ser familia. Los participantes exploraron concepciones diferentes del riesgo y discutieron las dificultades materiales de cultivar relaciones con la familia a través de la frontera. Los alumnos no solamente exprimieron sus ansiedades sobre el cambio cultural, sino que usaron las narrativas para posicionarse complejamente con respecto a las transformaciones sociales y culturales en la región fronteriza, considerando su propia agentividad en efectuar estos cambios y afirmando sus identidades como sujetos transfronterizos.
Practical implementation of the planar and spatial rotator in a complex tissue: the brain
Authors: HASSELHOLT S. , HAHN U. , VEDEL JENSEN E.B. , NYENGAARD J.R. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryIn neuroscience, application of widely used stereological local volume estimators, including the planar rotator, is challenged by the combination of a complex tissue organisation and an estimator requirement of either isotropic or vertical sections, i.e. randomly oriented tissue. The spatial rotator is applicable with any tissue orientation but is sensitive to projection artefacts. The challenge is thus to select the most appropriate method for individual analyses.In this study, agreement between estimates of mean cell volume acquired with the vertical planar and the spatial rotator is assessed for two brain regions with different types of cytoarchitecture (motor cortex and hippocampal cornu ammonis 1). The possibility of using the planar rotator in tissues cut in an arbitrary direction is explored and requirements for a theoretically unbiased result as well as histological considerations are provided.Lay DescriptionCells may change volume both during disease and with advancing age. Assessment of the volume of individual cells can therefore serve as a useful indicator of general tissue state. Most available methods to estimate cell volume in tissue sections, however, require that the tissue analysed has random orientation. Particularly for complex tissues such as the brain this is a challenge as identification, delineation and subdivision of many brain areas rely heavily on the use of anatomical atlases where illustrations depict the tissue in a few well‐known orientations. In this study, the practical application of two different methods for estimating mean cell volumes in tissues cut in a preferred orientation is evaluated. Requirements for the feasibility of cell volume estimation without random tissue orientation as well as histological considerations are provided.
Practice Environment Characteristics Associated With Missed Nursing Care
Authors: Park Shin Hye , Hanchett Miranda , Ma Chenjuan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPurposeTo examine which characteristics of the practice environment were associated with missed nursing care in U.S. acute care hospital units.DesignA descriptive, correlational study used secondary analysis of the 2015 National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators® Registered Nurse (RN) Survey data. Subscales of the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index were used to measure practice environment characteristics. The sample included 1,583 units in 371 hospitals, containing survey responses from 31,650 RNs.MethodsMultilevel logistic regression was performed to estimate the effects of the practice environment characteristics on missed care, controlling for hospital and unit characteristics.ResultsAbout 84.1% of unit RNs reported missing at least one of the 15 necessary care activities. Good environment units had 63.3% significantly lower odds of having RNs miss care activities than poor environment units. Units had 81.5% lower odds of having RNs miss any necessary activities with 1 point increase of the staffing and resource adequacy score; 21.9% lower odds for 1 point increase in the nurse–physician relations score; and approximately 2.1 times higher odds with 1 point increase in the nurse participation in hospital affairs score.ConclusionsGood environments were significantly associated with lower levels of missed care. The impact on missed care differed by the characteristics of the practice environment.Clinical RelevanceHospital and nursing administrators should maintain good practice environments for nurses to reduce missed care activities and thus potentially improve patient outcomes. Specifically, their efforts should be targeted on improving staffing and resource adequacy and nurse–physician relations and on reducing workloads on hospital affairs.
The Politics of Foreclosures
Authors: AGARWAL SUMIT , AMROMIN GENE , BEN‐DAVID ITZHAK , DINC SERDAR 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTThe U.S. House of Representatives Financial Services Committee considered many important banking reforms in 2009 to 2010. We show that, during this period, foreclosure starts on delinquent mortgages were delayed in the districts of committee members although there was no difference in delinquency rates between committee and noncommittee districts. In these areas, banks delayed the foreclosure starts by 0.5 months (relative to the 12‐month average). The estimated cost of delay to lenders is an order of magnitude greater than the campaign contributions by the political action committees of the largest mortgage servicing banks to the committee members in that period.
Do ETFs Increase Volatility?
Authors: BEN‐DAVID ITZHAK , FRANZONI FRANCESCO , MOUSSAWI RABIH 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTDue to their low trading costs, exchange‐traded funds (ETFs) are a potential catalyst for short‐horizon liquidity traders. The liquidity shocks can propagate to the underlying securities through the arbitrage channel, and ETFs may increase the nonfundamental volatility of the securities in their baskets. We exploit exogenous changes in index membership and find that stocks with higher ETF ownership display significantly higher volatility. ETF ownership increases the negative autocorrelation in stock prices. The increase in volatility appears to introduce undiversifiable risk in prices because stocks with high ETF ownership earn a significant risk premium of up to 56 basis points monthly.
Strengthening personal growth: The effects of a strengths intervention on personal growth initiative
Authors: van Woerkom Marianne , Meyers Maria Christina 
Published: September 2018

Personal growth is not only a central individual need but also a key requirement for organizational success. Nevertheless, workplace interventions aimed at stimulating the personal growth of employees are still scarce. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of an intervention that aimed at the identification, development, and use of employee strengths in stimulating personal growth initiative. We conducted a field experiment with a sample of 84 educational professionals who were either assigned to a strengths intervention or a wait‐list control group. In a 1‐month follow‐up study, we found that the intervention had a direct effect on general self‐efficacy (GSE) and an indirect effect on personal growth initiative. Moreover, in line with plasticity theory we found that the intervention was especially effective for participants with low to medium initial levels of GSE. We conclude that a strengths intervention may provide a brief and effective tool for organizations that aim for self‐directed learning among their staff, in particular when offered to employees who lack confidence in their own abilities.Practitioner points

In a 1 month follow‐up study, we found that a strengths intervention had a positive direct effect on general self‐efficacy and an indirect effect on personal growth initiative.

In line with plasticity theory, we found that the strengths intervention was especially effective for participants with low to medium initial levels of general self‐efficacy.
Evaluation of neurological behaviour in late‐preterm newborn infants using the Hammersmith Neonatal Neurological Examination
Authors: Chin En Yi Joanne , Baral Vijay R , Ereno Imelda L , Allen John C , Low Kelly , Yeo Cheo Lian 
Published: September 2018

AimWe hypothesise that clinically well late‐preterm infants (LPI) (34+0–36+6 weeks) are neurologically more immature than their term counterparts, and this immaturity persists even when these infants reach term‐corrected age (TCA). The primary aim of our study was to characterise and contrast the neurodevelopmental profile of well LPI with full‐term infants (FTI) (39+0–41+6 weeks) using the Hammersmith Neonatal Neurological Examination (HNNE). Our secondary aim was to obtain local reference ranges for the 34 items in the HNNE in an Asian‐dominant population.MethodsLPI were assessed at two time points: 12–72 h of life and at TCA of 39+0–41+6 weeks, while FTI were assessed at 12–72 h of life using the HNNE. Each of the 34 items on the HNNE was assigned an optimality score (OS) of 0, 0.5 or 1, totalling up to 34. A quantitative comparison of the neurobehavioral patterns was made using two‐sample t‐tests.ResultsA total of 212 infants (79 LPI and 133 FTI) were recruited. Mean OSs for LPI and FTI at birth were (25.11 ± 3.36)/34 and (31.19 ± 1.50)/34, respectively, with a mean difference of 6.08 (P value <0.0001). The mean OS for LPI on reaching TCA was (28.91 ± 2.30)/34, with a mean difference of 2.28 (P value <0.0001). Reference OSs for the 34 items on the HNNE were also obtained.ConclusionLPI are more immature than their term counterparts even on reaching TCA, with discrepancies most apparent in ‘tone’ and ‘movement’. We provide reference OSs of 34 items in the HNNE for infants in an Asian‐dominant population.
Melatonin and inflammation—Story of a double‐edged blade
Authors: Hardeland Rüdiger 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMelatonin is an immune modulator that displays both pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory properties. Proinflammatory actions, which are well documented by many studies in isolated cells or leukocyte‐derived cell lines, can be assumed to enhance the resistance against pathogens. However, they can be detrimental in autoimmune diseases. Anti‐inflammatory actions are of particular medicinal interest, because they are observed in high‐grade inflammation such as sepsis, ischemia/reperfusion, and brain injury, and also in low‐grade inflammation during aging and in neurodegenerative diseases. The mechanisms contributing to anti‐inflammatory effects are manifold and comprise various pathways of secondary signaling. These include numerous antioxidant effects, downregulation of inducible and inhibition of neuronal NO synthases, downregulation of cyclooxygenase‐2, inhibition of high‐mobility group box‐1 signaling and toll‐like receptor‐4 activation, prevention of inflammasome NLRP3 activation, inhibition of NF‐κB activation and upregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2). These effects are also reflected by downregulation of proinflammatory and upregulation of anti‐inflammatory cytokines. Proinflammatory actions of amyloid‐β peptides are reduced by enhancing α‐secretase and inhibition of β‐ and γ‐secretases. A particular role in melatonin's actions seems to be associated with the upregulation of sirtuin‐1 (SIRT1), which shares various effects known from melatonin and additionally interferes with the signaling by the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and Notch, and reduces the expression of the proinflammatory lncRNA‐CCL2. The conclusion on a partial mediation by SIRT1 is supported by repeatedly observed inhibitions of melatonin effects by sirtuin inhibitors or knockdown.