bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Konservative Therapie der pAVK
Authors: Erbel Christian , Katus Hugo A. 
Published: May 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie konservative Therapie der pAVK wurde in den letzten Jahren durch große randomisierte Studien auf breitere Füße gestellt. Am Anfang jeder Therapie steht die Bewegungstherapie, die Beendigung des Nikotinkonsums sowie die Gewichtsabnahme und Umstellung der Ernährungsgewohnheiten, am Besten im Rahmen von Programmen. Ist damit keine adäquate Einstellung der kardiovaskulären Risikofaktoren zu erreichen, wird zur Primärprophylaxe eine Statintherapie mit einem Ziel-LDL-Cholesterin < 70 mg/dl empfohlen. Eine Aspirin- oder evtl. besser eine Clopidogreltherapie ist als Primärprophylaxe umstritten, als Sekundärprophylaxe indiziert. Bei der arteriellen Hypertonie kann nach der neuen Leitlinie ab einem Blutdruck von 130/80 mmHg eine medikamentöse Therapie bei Hochrisikopatienten wie den pAVK-Erkrankten angesetzt werden. Fast jeder zweite pAVK-Patient hat einen Diabetes mellitus. Neben Metformin als 1. Wahl ist bei Patienten mit einer kardiovaskulären atherosklerotischen Erkrankung ein SGLT2-Inhibitor zu empfehlen, da diese eine signifikante Reduktion u. a. der Gesamt- wie auch die kardiovaskulären Todesfälle jeweils um mehr als 30 % senken konnten. Eine Antikoagulation ist generell bei pAVK-Patienten nicht zu empfehlen. Eine niedrig dosierte Rivaroxabantherapie mit Aspirin führte zu einer Reduktion einer Beinischämie oder Amputationen unter Erhöhung der Blutungsrate.
Karotisstenose
Authors: Mudra Harald 
Published: May 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGObwohl durch ischämische Hirninfarkte verursachte Schlaganfälle seit 1990 abgenommen haben, stehen sie immer noch an 2. Stelle der Todesursachen weltweit und an 3. Stelle in Deutschland. Etwa 10–15 % der Schlaganfälle werden durch Verengungen der extrakraniellen hirnversorgenden Arterien, vornehmlich im Bereich der a. carotis, verursacht. Die Diagnose einer Karotisstenose erfolgt durch die Duplex-Sonografie. Sie weist eine sehr hohe Präzision auf und ist der Goldstandard hinsichtlich der Stenosequantifizierung. Patienten mit nachgewiesener Karotisstenose von über 50 % gelten als Hoch-Risiko-Patienten. Sie bedürfen einer konsequenten präventiven Beratung zur Verbesserung des Lebensstils und Reduktion eines deutlichen Übergewichts, zudem ist die Einleitung und ggf. Eskalierung einer optimalen medikamentösen Therapie (OMT) essenziell. Die operative Behandlung von symptomatischen Patienten mit hochgradigen Karotisstenosen zur Verhinderung eines Schlaganfalls ist akzeptiert und gilt als Goldstandard. Neuere, anglo-amerikanische Studien haben gezeigt, dass das Stenting von Karotisstenosen in ausgewiesenen Zentren eine ebenbürtige Methode ist. Entscheidender als die Behandlungsmethode scheint die jeweilige Expertise des Behandlers zu sein.
Eisenmangel bei Herzinsuffizienz-Patienten
Authors: Doehner Wolfram , Bauersachs Johann , Erdmann Erland , Hasenfuß Gerd , Kindermann Ingrid , Ringwald Gerd , Rybak Karin , Schieffer Bernhard , Zeiher Andreas 
Published: May 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGEisenmangel ist eine häufige Komorbidität bei Patienten mit Herzinsuffizienz. Es ist zu beachten, dass ein Eisenmangel auch ohne eine Anämie auftreten kann und einen negativen Einfluss auf Symptomatik, Lebensqualität, Morbidität und Mortalität haben kann. Dennoch wird laut RAID-HF-Register in Deutschland der Eisenstatus nur bei ca. 62 % der Herzinsuffizienz-Patienten routinemäßig überprüft und bei weniger als 10 % therapiert. Darüber hinaus werden bei Verdacht auf Eisenmangel mitunter die falschen Labor-Parameter bestimmt. Die ausschlaggebenden und für den Alltag ausreichenden Laborwerte sind Ferritin und die Transferrinsättigung (TSAT), die neben dem Hämoglobin bestimmt werden sollten. Im ambulanten Bereich werden häufig orale Eisen(II)-Präparate verschrieben. Neue Daten belegen jedoch, dass die orale Behandlung mit Eisenpolysaccharid bei Patienten mit Herzinsuffizienz nur zu einem sehr geringen Auffüllen der Eisenspeicher im Vergleich zu Placebo führt und auch keine Verbesserung der Leistungsfähigkeit bewirkt. Darüber hinaus werden die für einen Eisenmangel relevanten Laborwerte oft zu früh nach Therapiebeginn kontrolliert. Ein neuer Diagnose-Therapie-Algorithmus empfiehlt eine Laborkontrolle erst nach 3–6 Monaten. Liegen die Messwerte von Ferritin und TSAT nach dieser Zeit unter den oben genannten Grenzwerten, sollte eine erneute Eisensubstitution erwogen werden.
Design and Implementation of a Novel Electronic Health Record Tool to Enhance the Care of Individuals with Cystic Fibrosis: The Cystic Fibrosis Note Template
Authors: Leander David M. , Gifford Alex H. , Mecchella John N. , Sabadosa Kathryn A. , Van Citters Aricca , Snide Jennifer A. , Nelson Eugene C. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease in which dysfunction of a single protein channel leads to organ damage, resulting in chronic health problems and premature death. In the United States, medical care of individuals living with CF is delivered by care centers accredited and subsidized by the CF Foundation. CF outcomes have improved significantly through the use of collaborative networks, registry data, and research. CF clinicians are perpetually challenged to assimilate and act upon large quantities of data generated by the care of these individuals. CF Foundation accreditation also requires care centers to enter patient-level data from clinical encounters into the CF Foundation Patient Registry (CFFPR). Commercially available electronic health record systems often lack tools with sufficient context specificity and ease of use to facilitate productive interactions between clinicians and patients. We describe a CF-specific NoteWriter template built and implemented in Epic, which captures discrete data and simultaneously generates clinical documentation during ambulatory encounters. Unlike other examples of note templates in CF, this project involves SmartData Elements (SDEs) using the NoteWriter tool in Epic, which enables data to be entered in the exact way in which the CFFPR captures data. By conducting a pre-/poststudy of its use in our health system, we found that the template can expedite note completion when clinicians have adequate time to become familiar with the tool. We anticipate that the NoteWriter template will become a vehicle for delivering standardized, structured patient data to the CFFPR.
Current accounts of antimicrobial resistance: stabilisation, individualisation and antibiotics as infrastructure
Authors: Chandler Clare I. R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the latest issues to galvanise political and financial investment as an emerging global health threat. This paper explores the construction of AMR as a problem, following three lines of analysis. First, an examination of some of the ways in which AMR has become an object for action—through defining, counting and projecting it. Following Lakoff’s work on emerging infectious diseases, the paper illustrates that while an ‘actuarial’ approach to AMR may be challenging to stabilise due to definitional and logistical issues, it has been successfully stabilised through a ‘sentinel’ approach that emphasises the threat of AMR. Second, the paper draws out a contrast between the way AMR is formulated in terms of a problem of connectedness—a ‘One Health’ issue—and the frequent solutions to AMR being focused on individual behaviour. The paper suggests that AMR presents an opportunity to take seriously connections, scale and systems but that this effort is undermined by the prevailing tendency to reduce health issues to matters for individual responsibility. Third, the paper takes AMR as a moment of infrastructural inversion (Bowker and Star) when antimicrobials and the work they do are rendered more visible. This leads to the proposal of antibiotics as infrastructure—part of the woodwork that we take for granted, and entangled with our ways of doing life, in particular modern life. These explorations render visible the ways social, economic and political frames continue to define AMR and how it may be acted upon, which opens up possibilities for reconfiguring AMR research and action.
El mito de Venus y Adonis bajo el prisma deformador de Castillo Solórzano
Authors: Escudero Baztán Juan Manuel 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This article deals with the processes that Castillo Solórzano uses to write serious mythological fables (of Ovidian origin) within the parameters of the aesthetics of the grotesque and deformed, essential ingredients of satirical and burlesque literature. These processes are related to the classic imitatio and the structural disposition of the text, and also related to formal twist, « agudeza verbal » in the words of Gracián, which allow parodying the rococo style of Góngora influence. For a better expository clarity they are exemplified with the Fábula de Adonis, which Castillo Solórzano takes directly from Ovid, and which serves for other similar works of burlesque romances in the seventeenth century.
Engineering models for turbine wake velocity deficit and wake deflection. A new proposed approach for onshore and offshore applications
Authors: Ruisi Renzo , Bossanyi Ervin 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
An engineering wake model based on the Ainslie model is proposed. The eddy viscosity term associated with momentum diffusivity is modified to take into account the effects of atmospheric stability. The parameters used are typically available from high-quality on-site measurement campaigns and the effects of atmospheric stability are based on empirical models for the estimation of the Monin-Obukhov length. The dependence on physical quantities only is particularly advantageous for fast wake modelling, since no further parametrical tuning is needed for each specific case. The proposed wake model is initially compared to wind tunnel data and CFD simulations to test the chosen Obukhov lengths for specific flow conditions. Wind farm production data and concurrent meteorological data at one onshore site are then used to validate the model for specific on-site flow conditions, obtaining good results. Two offshore wind farms are also used to assess the model in a large-scale wind farm scenario: results look promising although some reservations are expressed on the effect of the wake superposition model. Models for the prediction of wake centreline deflection due to yaw are compared at different yaw angles using wind tunnels data and CFD simulations. Although the EPFL model showed some advantage, especially in non-neutral conditions, both models give satisfactory results. Furthermore, it was showed that the wake deflection caused by the rotating wake for non-yawed turbines can have a large impact on the predictions of the centreline deflection.
Enhanced modelling of the stratified atmospheric boundary layer over steep terrain for wind resource assessment
Authors: Flores-Maradiaga A , Benoit R , Masson C 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The Mesoscale Compressible Community (MC2) model [1], devoted for weather forecasting and used in the Wind Energy Simulation Toolkit (WEST) [2], performs well for simulations over flat, gentle and moderate terrain slopes but is subject to numerical instability and strong spurious flows in presence of steep topography. To remove its inherent computational mode and reduce the wind overestimation due to terrain-induced numerical noise, a new semi-implicit (N-SI) scheme [3] was implemented to discretize and linearize the non-hydrostatic Euler equations with respect the mean values of pressure and temperature instead of arbitrary reference state values, redefining as well the buoyancy to use it as the thermodynamic prognostic variable. Additionally, the climate-state classification of the statistical-dynamical downscaling (SDD) method [4] is upgraded by including the Brunt-Väisälä frequency that accounts for the atmospheric thermal stratification effect on wind flow over topography. The present study provides a real orographic flow validation of these numerical enhancements in MC2, assessing their individual and combined contribution for an improved initialization and calculation of the surface wind in presence of high-impact terrain. By statistically comparing the wind simulations with met-mast data, obtained within the Whitehorse area of the Canadian Rocky Mountains, it is confirmed that these numerical enhancements may reduce over 40 percent of the wind overestimation, thus, attaining more accurate results that ensure reliable wind resource assessments over complex terrain.
Effects of Leading Edge Erosion on the Power Performance and Acoustic Noise Emissions of Locally Manufactured Small Wind Turbine Blades
Authors: Latoufis Kostas , Riziotis Vasilis , Voutsinas Spyros , Hatziargyriou Nikos 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The local manufacturing of small wind turbines has become increasingly popular over the last decade, among international networks of renewable energy practitioners, for the implementation of rural electrification applications. Locally manufactured small wind turbines (LMSWTs), used most frequently in off-grid battery based renewable energy systems, typically utilize wooden blades and coreless axial flux permanent magnet generators due to their simple manufacturing process and local availability of materials. In this paper the effects of leading edge erosion on locally manufactured small wind turbine blades are researched experimentally, both in terms of power performance and acoustic noise emissions. From the research it is concluded that a yearly maintenance of the wooden blades of a LMSWT can lead to less acoustic noise emissions and better power performance, with the latter becoming more significant as the mean wind speed of the installation site increases. For practitioners, installers and manufacturers of LMSWTs, these findings can significantly guide manufacturing processes and techniques in terms of preventing leading edge erosion, while also advising preventative maintenance procedures on the field, in order to keep small wind electric systems quiet and productive.
Understanding of Leading-Edge Protection Performance Using Nano-Silicates for Modification
Authors: Ouachan I , Kuball M , Liu D , Dyer K , Ward C , Hamerton I 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Leading edge erosion caused by raindrop impact is a key problem that needs to be overcome in the wind energy sector. Solutions up to date have not proved suitable, failing prematurely in their lifecycle at a cost to the wind industry. Failure mechanisms for rain erosion are not well understood, particularly the elastic and viscous polymer properties at the resulting high strain rates (106 - 109 Hz) of raindrop impacts. The effect of the inclusion of glycidyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane nanoparticles into a commercial polyurethane coating system was studied using nanoindentation and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). Results show that the inclusion of POSS improves damping, providing an alternative mechanism for energy dissipation without variation of Tg
and minimal loss of stiffness. This presents a way of modifying current coating systems through the incorporation of POSS. Nanoindentation obtained previously unreported properties of the coating system (hardness, modulus and short-term recovery) and highlighted a correlation between loading rate and a reduction of short-term recovery. Nanoindentation was difficult for the modified leading-edge protection (LEP) samples as two phases were formed resulting in large standard deviations. DMTA results show modification of the LEP increases damping at lower temperature ranges introducing an additional mechanism of dissipating energy. Additionally, sweep data show an increase in elasticity at higher frequencies on the modified samples.
Comparison of inflow-turbulence and trailing-edge noise models with measurements of a 200-kW vertical axis wind turbine
Authors: Möllerström E. , Ottermo F. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Models of inflow-turbulence noise and turbulent-boundary-layer trailing-edge noise are compared to earlier measurements of a 200-kW vertical axis wind turbine so that conclusions regarding the origin of the aerodynamic noise can be drawn. The measurement campaigns, which aimed at establishing the noise emission value and locating the aerodynamic noise sources with a microphone array, are here both compared to further modified versions of the trailing-edge and inflow-turbulence models respectively. Unlike the case for horizontal axis wind turbine, inflow-turbulence noise is deemed as the prevailing noise mechanism. Reducing the self-induced turbulence could then be an effective way of lowering the noise levels for vertical axis wind turbines. Also, looking at the directivity of the inflow-turbulence noise model which indicate most noise in the cross-wind directions, a deviation from the standard downwind measurement position for measuring noise emission is suggested for the VAWT case.
Determination of Wind Turbine Main Bearing Load Distribution
Authors: Kock S. , Jacobs G. , Bosse D. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The presented paper introduces simulative method for the determination of load and pressure distribution in the main roller bearings in multi-MW wind turbines. This method has been developed using the example of a generic 6 MW research wind turbine (WT). The investigated drive train comprises of a main gearbox and is mounted with a four point suspension. The fixed rotor bearing is a spherical roller bearing and the floating rotor bearing is a cylindrical roller bearing. The load and pressure distribution is determined by finite element (FE) simulation under consideration of real hub loads and elastic surroundings. The hub loads have been calculated using Multibody Simulation. Three different rotor bearing models are introduced, which consider FE contact conditions, macro-geometry, stiffness and rolling element profile. The developed method is transferable to different rolling bearing types and can be used to improve bearing load and pressure distribution in multi-MW WTs under consideration of elastic surroundings (main shaft, frame and bearing housing).
Lifetime Extension, Repowering or Decommissioning? Decision Support for Operators of Ageing Wind Turbines
Authors: Piel JH , Stetter C , Heumann M , Westbomke M , Breitner M H 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In Germany, more than one third of the installed wind energy capacity will leave the feed-in tariff funding between 2021 and 2025. Operators of affected turbines are therefore increasingly concerned with the design of profitable end-of-funding strategies. This requires feasibility analyses of both lifetime extension and repowering options and entails the subsequent challenge to determine the optimal lifetime extension and corresponding repowering timing. To support operators and other stakeholders dealing with wind turbines’ end-of-life issues, this study presents a geographic information system that permits evaluating optimal end-of-funding strategies at different spatial scales reaching down to detailed analyses on individual turbine level. The decision support system processes topographic, wind, turbine, and finance data in an integrated system of resource simulations, spatial planning analyses and economic viability assessments. Case-study results show that a uniform end-of-funding strategy cannot be applied to all ageing turbines. Conducted sensitivity analyses rather indicate that the best strategy highly depends on various turbine-specific aspects, especially the location, type and maintenance costs as well as exogenous factors, including the developments of electricity spot market prices and tendered feed-in premiums. In light of latest trends regarding the exogenous factors, lifetime extension and repowering potentials increase. However, the results also indicate that dismantling, disposal and recycling of numerous ageing turbines will become a major challenge for the wind energy sector in the next decade.
Visualisation of Probabilistic Access Forecasts for Offshore Operations
Authors: Gilbert C , Browell J , McMillan D 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Access forecasting aims to predict the quality of transfer of maintenance technicians to/from vessels and the constituent offshore structures at the wind farm. This is highly dependent on sea state conditions as well as other environmental factors such as visibility. Typically, scheduling or dispatch decisions are made on the basis of deterministic forecasts of significant wave height, often coupled with service contracts where transfers are expected to be attempted below a threshold significant wave height. However, there is always uncertainty in a weather prediction which can be accounted for by probabilistic forecasts. The aim of this work is to explore visualisation ideas for transforming vessel specific access forecasts into an interpretable and intuitive decision-support tool. Three simple methods are proposed based on a score out of 10, classification of transfer conditions, and a threshold score. Methods for summarising access conditions for 2–5 days ahead are also developed. This new forecasting and visualisation capability has significant implications for marine coordinators and skippers who will be able to make better informed safety-critical decisions, with the potential for reductions in the cost-of-energy offshore.
Emerging inorganic solar cell efficiency tables (Version 1)
Authors: Wong Lydia H , Zakutayev Andriy , Major Jonathan D , Hao Xiaojing , Walsh Aron , Todorov Teodor K , Saucedo Edgardo 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This paper presents the efficiency tables of materials considered as emerging inorganic absorbers for photovoltaic solar cell technologies. The materials collected in these tables are selected based on their progress in recent years, and their demonstrated potential as future photovoltaic absorbers. The first part of the paper consists of the criteria for the inclusion of the different technologies in this paper, the verification means used by the authors, and recommendation for measurement best practices. The second part details the highest world-class certified solar cell efficiencies, and the highest non-certified cases (some independently confirmed). The third part highlights the new entries including the record efficiencies, as well as new materials included in this version of the tables. The final part is dedicated to review a specific aspect of materials research that the authors consider of high relevance for the scientific community. In this version of the Efficiency tables, we are including an overview of the latest progress in theoretical methods for modeling of new photovoltaic absorber materials expected to be synthesized and confirmed in the near future. We hope that this emerging inorganic Solar Cell Efficiency Tables (Version 1) paper, as well as its future versions, will advance the field of emerging photovoltaic solar cells by summarizing the progress to date and outlining the future promising research directions.