bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost-effective external interference for promoting the evolution of cooperation
Authors: Han The Anh , Tran-Thanh Long 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe problem of promoting the evolution of cooperative behaviour within populations of self-regarding individuals has been intensively investigated across diverse fields of behavioural, social and computational sciences. In most studies, cooperation is assumed to emerge from the combined actions of participating individuals within the populations, without taking into account the possibility of external interference and how it can be performed in a cost-efficient way. Here, we bridge this gap by studying a cost-efficient interference model based on evolutionary game theory, where an exogenous decision-maker aims to ensure high levels of cooperation from a population of individuals playing the one-shot Prisoner’s Dilemma, at a minimal cost. We derive analytical conditions for which an interference scheme or strategy can guarantee a given level of cooperation while at the same time minimising the total cost of investment (for rewarding cooperative behaviours), and show that the results are highly sensitive to the intensity of selection by interference. Interestingly, we show that a simple class of interference that makes investment decisions based on the population composition can lead to significantly more cost-efficient outcomes than standard institutional incentive strategies, especially in the case of weak selection.
The extreme hyper-reactivity of Cys94 in lysozyme avoids its amorphous aggregation
Authors: Bocedi Alessio , Cattani Giada , Martelli Claudia , Cozzolino Flora , Castagnola Massimo , Pucci Pietro , Ricci Giorgio 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMany proteins provided with disulfide bridges in the native state undergo amorphous irreversible aggregation when these bonds are not formed. Here we show that egg lysozyme displays a clever strategy to prevent this deleterious aggregation during the nascent phase when disulfides are still absent. In fact, when the reduced protein assembles into a molten globule state, its cysteines acquire strong hyper-reactivity towards natural disulfides. The most reactive residue, Cys94, reacts with oxidized glutathione (GSSG) 3000 times faster than an unperturbed protein cysteine. A low pKa of its sulfhydryl group (6.6/7.1) and a productive complex with GSSG (KD = 0.3 mM), causes a fast glutathionylation of this residue (t1/2 = 3 s) and a complete inhibition of the protein aggregation. Other six cysteines display 70 times higher reactivity toward GSSG. The discovery of extreme hyper-reactivity in cysteines only devoted to structural roles opens new research fields for Alzheimer’s and Parkinson diseases.
Validation of motion perception of briefly displayed images using a tablet
Authors: Linares Daniel , Marin-Campos Rafael , Dalmau Josep , Compte Albert 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMotion perception of briefly displayed images has been reported to be abnormal in clinical populations afflicted with schizophrenia, major depression, autism, Alzheimer’s disease and epilepsy. These abnormalities have been measured using CRT monitors connected to a computer. Given that the use of this experimental set-up in clinical environments can be difficult, we tested whether motion perception of briefly displayed images could also be measured using a tablet. For 13 participants, we found similar estimates of motion discrimination on a tablet and a CRT. This validates a tablet to measure motion perception of briefly displayed images.
The adaptive value of camouflage and colour change in a polymorphic prawn
Authors: Duarte Rafael Campos , Stevens Martin , Flores Augusto Alberto Valero 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCamouflage has been a textbook example of natural selection and adaptation since the time of the earliest evolutionists. However, aside from correlational evidence and studies using artificial dummy prey, experiments directly showing that better camouflaged prey to predator vision are at reduced risk of attack are lacking. Here, we show that the level of camouflage achieved through colour adjustments towards the appearance of seaweed habitats is adaptive in reducing predation pressure in the prawn Hippolyte obliquimanus. Digital image analysis and visual modelling of a fish predator (seahorse) predicted that brown prawns would be imperfectly concealed against both brown and red seaweed respectively, whereas pink prawns should be well camouflaged only in red weed. Predation trials with captive seahorses (Hippocampus reidi), coupled with high-speed video analyses, closely matched model predictions: predation rates were similar for brown prawns between seaweed types, but pink individuals were attacked significantly less on red than brown weed. Our work provides some of the clearest direct evidence to date that colour polymorphism and colour change provides a clear adaptive advantage for camouflage, and also highlights how this can be asymmetric across morphs and habitats (i.e. dependent on the specific background-morph combination).
Coupling of Surface Plasmon Modes and Refractive Index Sensitivity of Hollow Silver Nanoprism
Authors: Zhang K. J. , Lu D. B. , Da B. , Ding Z. J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractLocalized surface plasmon (LSP) modes depend strongly on the morphology of nanoparticle and the surrounding dielectric medium. The hollow nanostructure provides a new way to modulate the surface plasmon modes due to the additional cavity surface. In this work, we study systematically the multipolar surface plasmon modes of hollow silver nanoprism (HSN) by simulation of electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) spectra based on the boundary element method (BEM). Herein the effects of the cavity size and position are taken into account. The LSP modes of HSNs are compared with those of perfect silver nanoprism (SN). The red-shift behaviors of multipolar modes can be found as increasing the cavity size. Modes A and C have similar red-shift tendency and obey the plasmon ruler equation, which can be explained by dipole-dipole coupling mode. Meanwhile, the degenerate modes will be split by changing the cavity position, and opposite shift tendencies of split degenerate states are observed. These are caused by different coupling nature of degenerate modes. Moreover, high refractive index sensitivity (RIS) can be obtained for HSN by changing the cavity size and position.
Ageratina adenophora induces mice hepatotoxicity via ROS-NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis
Authors: Sun Wei , Zeng Chaorong , Liu Shanshan , Fu Jie , Hu Liwen , Shi Zhen , Yue Dong , Ren Zhihua , Zhong Zhijun , Zuo Zhicai , Cao Suizhong , Peng Guangneng , Deng Junliang , Hu Yanchun 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIncreasing evidences have demonstrated that Ageratina adenophora (A. adenophora) can cause hepatotoxicity of animals. Liver is an important site in immune regulation and inflammatory responses. However, the information about hepatotoxicity induced by A. adenophora in relation to inflammation is still finite. To investigate the underlying mechanism, we conducted animal experiments with different dosage of A. adenophora. Mice were randomly divided into 4 groups and administrated with 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% levels of A. adenophora pallet diet in control, group A, B and C, respectively. The results showed that A. adenophora caused hepatotoxicity as revealed by increasing alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase. Then, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were shown to be elicited by A. adenophora through flow cytometry assay in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, pyroptosis was activated by A. adenophora, which was characterized by increasing protein and mRNA levels of caspase-1, gasdermin D and interleukin-1β. Notably, ROS down-stream factors, including nod-like receptor inflammasome protein 3 and nuclear factor-κB, were also activated by A. adenophora. These data demonstrated that A. adenophora caused liver inflammatory injury and induced hepatocyte pyroptosis by activating NLRP3 inflammasome, which was triggered by elevating ROS production levels. This research might provide new insights into the mechanism of hepatotoxicity induced by A. adenophora.
Combinatorial investigation of spin-orbit materials using spin Peltier effect
Authors: Uchida Ken-ichi , Sasaki Michiko , Sakuraba Yuya , Iguchi Ryo , Daimon Shunsuke , Saitoh Eiji , Goto Masahiro 
Published: October 2018

AbstractConversion between spin and charge currents is essential in spintronics, since it enables spin-orbit-torque magnetization switching, spin-current-driven thermoelectric generation, and nano-scale thermal energy control. To realize efficient spin-charge conversion, a variety of mechanisms, including spin Hall effects, Rashba-Edelstein effects, and spin-momentum locking in topological insulators, have been investigated and more comprehensive material exploration is necessary. Here we demonstrate high-throughput screening of spin-charge conversion materials by means of the spin Peltier effect (SPE). This is enabled by combining recently-developed SPE-imaging techniques with combinatorial materials science; using a composition-spread alloy film formed on a magnetic insulator, we observe the SPE-induced temperature change due to the spin Hall effect and obtain a continuous mapping of its composition dependence from the single sample. The distribution of the SPE signals reflects local spin-charge conversion capability in the alloy owing to unique heat-generation nature of the SPE. This combinatorial approach will accelerate materials research towards high-performance spintronic devices.
The molecular and biochemical insight view of grape seed proanthocyanidins in ameliorating cadmium-induced testes-toxicity in rat model: implication of PI3K/Akt/Nrf-2 signaling
Authors: Bashir Nazima , Shagirtha Kalist , Manoharan Vaikundam , Miltonprabu Selvaraj 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The present study aims to evaluate the protective effect of grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSP) on cadmium (Cd)-induced testicular apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in rats. A total of 24 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups, namely control, GSP (100 mg/kg BW), Cd (5 mg/kg BW), and Cd+GSP. Cd-treated rat testes exhibited a significant increment in oxidative stress mediated inflammation and apoptosis. Pre-administration of GSP exhibit significant protection against the apoptotic and inflammatory damages elicited by Cd and uphold the intercellular antioxidant status in testes. Histological changes were studied and the immunohistochemical staining for caspase 3, HSP70, and eNOS protein expressions were also analyzed to justify the protective action of GSP. Furthermore, GSP prevented DNA damage, and enhanced the expression of antioxidant responsive elements Nrf2/HO-1 by PI3K/Akt-dependent pathway. Therefore, our results suggest that GSP acts as a multipotent antioxidant entity against Cd-induced oxidative testicular toxicity in rats.
Pressure-dependent NOS activation contributes to endothelial hyperpermeability in a model of acute heart failure
Authors: Chignalia Andreia Z. , Isbatan Ayman , Patel Milan , Ripper Richard , Sharlin Jordan , Shosfy Joelle , Borlaug Barry A. , Dull Randal O. 
Published: October 2018

Aims: Acute increases in left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) can induce pulmonary edema (PE). The mechanism(s) for this rapid onset edema may involve more than just increased fluid filtration. Lung endothelial cell permeability is regulated by pressure-dependent activation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Herein, we demonstrate that pressure-dependent NOS activation contributes to vascular failure and PE in a model of acute heart failure (AHF) caused by hypertension.
Methods and results: Male Sprague–Dawley rats were anesthetized and mechanically ventilated. Acute hypertension was induced by norepinephrine (NE) infusion and resulted in an increase in LVEDP and pulmonary artery pressure (Ppa) that were associated with a rapid fall in PaO2, and increases in lung wet/dry ratio and injury scores. Heart failure (HF) lungs showed increased nitrotyrosine content and ROS levels. L-NAME pretreatment mitigated the development of PE and reduced lung ROS concentrations to sham levels. Apocynin (Apo) pretreatment inhibited PE. Addition of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) to AHF rats lung lysates and pretreatment of AHF rats with folic acid (FA) prevented ROS production indicating endothelial NOS (eNOS) uncoupling.
Conclusion: Pressure-dependent NOS activation leads to acute endothelial hyperpermeability and rapid PE by an increase in NO and ROS in a model of AHF. Acute increases in pulmonary vascular pressure, without NOS activation, was insufficient to cause significant PE. These results suggest a clinically relevant role of endothelial mechanotransduction in the pathogenesis of AHF and further highlights the concept of active barrier failure in AHF. Therapies targetting the prevention or reversal of endothelial hyperpermeability may be a novel therapeutic strategy in AHF.
Down-regulation of siglec-2 (CD22) predicts worse overall survival from HBV-related early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma: a preliminary analysis from Gene Expression Omnibus
Authors: Ren Xiaojing , Ji Yuanyuan , Jiang Xuhua , Qi Xun 
Published: October 2018

Sialic-acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (siglec) regulates cell death, anti-proliferative effects and mediates a variety of cellular activities. Little was known about the relationship between siglecs and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prognosis. Siglec gene expression between tumor and non-tumor tissues were compared and correlated with overall survival (OS) from HCC patients in GSE14520 microarray expression profile. Siglec-1 to siglec-9 were all down-regulated in tumor tissues compared with those in non-tumor tissues in HCC patients (all P &lt; 0.05). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that siglec-2 overexpression could predict better OS (HR = 0.883, 95%CI = 0.806–0.966, P = 0.007). Patients with higher siglec-2 levels achieved longer OS months than those with lower siglec-2 levels in the Kaplan–Meier event analysis both in training and validation sets (P &lt; 0.05). Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels in siglec-2 low expression group were significantly higher than those in siglec-2 high expression group using Chi-square analysis (P = 0.043). In addition, both logistic regression analysis and ROC curve method showed that siglec-2 down-regulation in tumor tissues was significantly associated with AFP elevation over 300 ng/ml (P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, up-regulation of siglec-2 in tumor tissues could predict better OS in HCC patients. Mechanisms of siglec-2 in HCC development need further research.
Performance of the battery energy storage systems based on cascaded H‐bridge multilevel converter
Authors: Gadalla Abuzaid Saeed , Yan Xiangwu , Hasabelrasul Hashim 
Published: October 2018

The battery energy storage system (BESS) based on the cascaded multilevel converter, that consists of cascaded H‐bridge converter, is one of the most promising and interesting options, which is taken to compensate the instability of electric power grid when integrated with renewable sources such as photovoltaic (PV) and wind energy. This article describes 14.14 kV, 2 MW, and 1000 Ah BESSs based on a three‐phase cascaded H‐bridge multilevel converter using lithium–ion batteries. Therefore, the article focuses on the performance of the system integrated with both the electric power grid and the local load power applications. Moreover, the control of the system is based on active power control and state‐of‐charge balance control of the individual cell and phase, which depends on superimposing the AC voltage and the zero‐sequence voltage injection. Finally, using MATLAB/Simulink tools, the simulation results obviously verify the controller's performance and efficiency as well.
Simplified calculation of maximum ground‐level electric field when two HVDC transmission lines run across at any intersection angle
Authors: Xiao Fengnyu , Yan Jianxing , Zhang Bo , Wang Yanjie 
Published: October 2018

When two HVDC transmission lines run across, because of the interaction between the two lines, the maximum ground‐level total electric field is not a simple superposition of the maximum ground‐level total electric field generated when the two lines exist alone. This paper presents an approximate method to use the maximum ground‐level total electric field when only the lower line exists as the maximum ground‐level total electric field when two lines run across. Here, the 3D method of characteristics has been improved to make it suitable for structure of two lines intersected at an angle using a method of coordinate transformation. The 3D method of characteristics is used to calculate the theoretical maximum electric field when the two lines run across. The 2D FEM is used to calculate the approximate maximum electric field when only the lower line exists. The approximate results and theoretical results are compared for line structures of ±800 kV line runs across ±800 kV line, ±660 kV line, and ±500 kV line at any intersection angle. The approximate errors are < ±10%, which can meet the engineering requirement.
Research of independent DC electric field sensor with wireless power supply circuit
Authors: When Jianzhong , Yu Zhanqing , Zhang Chao , Mou Ya , Huang Yaosheng , Zhen Zhiming 
Published: October 2018

The DC electric field strength is an important electromagnetic environment parameter of the high‐voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission line. Measurement results of the space electric field are dramatically affected by the size and the potential of the sensor. In addition, the battery‐powered solution of electric field sensor (EFS) is not feasible, for the reason that in the high‐voltage electric field environment, the replacement of the battery will bring security risks to the power system and workers. The wireless energy supply solution not only solves the problem of potential isolation of the sensor, but also ensures that the sensor can work continuously. Various wireless power transmission systems (WPTSs) were compared. Microwave wireless power transmission system (MWPTS) was selected as the power supply of EFS. The key boundary conditions of MWPTS were determined. Two microstrip receiving antennas were designed in this article. A good performance antenna with high permittivity substrate was designed, realising 4.26 dB gain with the area of 1 cm2 at 5.8 GHz. The antenna meets the energy requirements of the EFS which is 10 m far from the source.
Design and implementation of the MMC simulation system in the heterogeneous FPGA‐CPU platform
Authors: Li Xiongfei , Mu Qing , Zhang Xing , Xiang Yinxing , Li Qiao , He Guanghui 
Published: October 2018

Real‐time simulation of a modular multilevel converter (MMC) plays an important role on the area of large‐scale power electronics research. The authors propose a real‐time MMC simulation system in a heterogeneous computing platform containing the central processing unit (CPU) and field programmable gate array (FPGA). This system decouples the MMC circuits from the grid based on the alternative circuit equivalent model of the MMC bridge arm. Furthermore, the parallel calculation of the equivalent circuits is achieved when the peripheral circuit is realised on the CPU and the MMC arms are realised on FPGA. In addition, a timing optimisation strategy is discussed to reach the timing target requirement. To validate the MMC simulation system, a case study of a grid with 12 MMC bridges and 640 sub‐modules per bridge at 2 μs time step on Xilinx Virtex‐7 XC7VX690T FPGA is simulated in real time. The real‐time simulation results demonstrate high accuracy of the simulation system in comparison to the offline simulation of the original system in the electromagnetic transient program and our design is competitive to recent published works.
Review of oscillations in VSC‐HVDC systems caused by control interactions
Authors: Yin Congqi , Xie Xiaorong , Xu Shukai , Zou Changyue 
Published: October 2018

Owing to the fast control response and distinct characteristics of the voltage source converter (VSC), various types of oscillation incidents related to the VSC‐HVDC systems have been observed around the world. However, the causes of such oscillations are complex due to the interactions among the components of the transmission system and the various control methods of the converter station, and yet not systematically comprehended and summarised. Therefore, this study reviews several typical VSC‐HVDC oscillation incidents and focuses on the root causes of the oscillation phenomenon. The analysis indicates that the oscillations in the VSC‐HVDC system can occur either in subsynchronous frequency or in high‐frequency range, up to 1.2 kHz. The modelling methods, including the conventional detailed model, equivalent detailed model, and average equivalent model, are also affecting the accuracy of describing the oscillations. The control methods, including adding active control scheme, passive filter at oscillation frequency, and temporary power plant disconnections, are also discussed. The advantages and drawbacks of these modelling methods, analysis methods, and control methods are summarised based on the various system conditions. In the end, the future research perspectives and key challenges are provided for further research references.
Calculating for surface electric field of converter valve shield system with fast multipole curved boundary element method
Authors: Shi Yuxin , Wang Zezhong 
Published: October 2018

The accurate and fast calculation of surface electric field of DC converter valve shield system have guiding significance in the designing process. However, the electrostatic field analysis is a large‐scale problem with low efficiency using the conventional numerical algorithm. In order to solve this problem, fast multipole curved boundary element method (FMCBEM) was proposed. The FMCBEM is based on the indirect boundary integral equation of electrostatic field. Galerkin curved boundary element method based on coordinate transformation is used to improve the accuracy, then fast multipole method is used to improve the calculation speed and reduce the memory usage. Through simple examples, the accuracy and efficiency of the algorithm were verified. Compared with finite element method, it was found that the accuracy can meet the requirements of engineering. The efficiency was obviously better than the conventional boundary element method. Applying this algorithm, the surface electric fields of different shield systems of ±160 kV converter valve, which the degree of freedoms is more than 220 thousand, were analysed using desktop computer. This algorithm can calculate the large‐scale electric field problem fast and accurately, which is an effective tool for the optimisation design.
Adaptive VDCOL control strategy for the recovery of the UHVDC SPC system
Authors: Yao Shujun , Huang Wenerda , Hao Wenbo , Wanhua Guo 
Published: October 2018

The separating pole connection (SPC) mode of ultra‐high‐voltage direct current (UHVDC) can significantly improve the power stability, but when the AC bus of one pole is failed and two receiving systems are near, it may cause subsequent commutation failure. In order to restrain subsequent commutation failure and accelerate system's recovery, an adaptive voltage‐dependent current order limiter (VDCOL) control strategy based on granular computing is proposed. According to this VDCOL control strategy, VDCOL, which uses fuzzy rules to separate and granulate a different voltage level, can adjust DC current dynamically in a variety of environments. Also, some modifications on VDCOL characteristics are applied to reduce reactive power consumption during low‐voltage situations. Then based on the MATLAB simulation platform, the simulation systems for 800 kV the UHVDC SPC system are built. Finally, the simulation example of the SPC mode with the adaptive VDCOL control strategy showed that this VDCOL control strategy can reduce the risk of subsequent commutation failure and improve the stability of the AC/DC interconnection system.