bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TRAF2 Deficiency in B Cells Impairs CD40-Induced Isotype Switching That Can Be Rescued by Restoring NF-κB1 Activation
Authors: Woolaver Rachel A. , Wang Xiaoguang , Dollin Yonatan , Xie Ping , Wang Jing H. , Chen Zhangguo 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Effective humoral immunity requires class switch recombination (CSR) catalyzed by activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID). In response to T cell–dependent (TD) Ags, CSR can be induced by CD40 signaling in B cells. TNFR-associated factors 2 and 3 (TRAF2/TRAF3) function as adaptors of the CD40 signaling pathway. B cell–intrinsic TRAF2 or TRAF3 (B-TRAF2 or B-TRAF3) knockout mice were previously reported to have indistinguishable phenotypes in gene expression, B cell survival and development, and enlarged peripheral lymphoid organs. However, it remains unknown whether deficiency of B-TRAF2 or B-TRAF3 differentially affects TD humoral immune responses and CD40-induced CSR. In this article, we show that B-TRAF2 is essential for optimal isotype switching induced by in vivo TD Ag immunization or by engaging CD40 in vitro. Our data clarify the controversial role of B-TRAF3 and confirm its dispensability in CD40-induced CSR. Mechanistically, CD40-induced AID expression was markedly impaired by B-TRAF2, but not B-TRAF3, deficiency. Moreover, B-TRAF2 deficiency causes defective activation of the NF-κB1 complex in a CD40-autonomous manner, and restoring CD40-induced NF-κB1 activation in TRAF2-deficient B cells rescues AID expression and CSR. We conclude that TRAF2 is essential but TRAF3 is dispensable for TD humoral immunity and CD40-induced CSR. Our studies provide significant biological bases for optimizing treatment of B cell–associated immune disorders by targeting CD40 signaling.
Targeted Diet Modification Reduces Multiple Sclerosis–like Disease in Adult Marmoset Monkeys from an Outbred Colony
Authors: Kap Yolanda S. , Bus-Spoor Carien , van Driel Nikki , Dubbelaar Marissa L. , Grit Corien , Kooistra Susanne M. , Fagrouch Zahra C. , Verschoor Ernst J. , Bauer Jan , Eggen Bart J. L. , Harmsen Hermie J. M. , Laman Jon D. , ’t Hart Bert A. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in common marmosets is a translationally relevant model of the chronic neurologic disease multiple sclerosis. Following the introduction of a new dietary supplement in our purpose-bred marmoset colony, the percentage of marmosets in which clinically evident EAE could be induced by sensitization against recombinant human myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein in IFA decreased from 100 to 65%. The reduced EAE susceptibility after the dietary change coincided with reduced Callitrichine herpesvirus 3 expression in the colony, an EBV-related γ1-herpesvirus associated with EAE. We then investigated, in a controlled study in marmoset twins, which disease-relevant parameters were affected by the dietary change. The selected twins had been raised on the new diet for at least 12 mo prior to the study. In twin siblings reverted to the original diet 8 wk prior to EAE induction, 100% disease prevalence (eight out of eight) was restored, whereas in siblings remaining on the new diet the EAE prevalence was 75% (six out of eight). Spinal cord demyelination, a classical hallmark of the disease, was significantly lower in new-diet monkeys than in monkeys reverted to the original diet. In new-diet monkeys, the proinflammatory T cell response to recombinant human myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein was significantly reduced, and RNA-sequencing revealed reduced apoptosis and enhanced myelination in the brain. Systematic typing of the marmoset gut microbiota using 16S rRNA sequencing demonstrated a unique, Bifidobacteria-dominated composition, which changed after disease induction. In conclusion, targeted dietary intervention exerts positive effects on EAE-related parameters in multiple compartments of the marmoset’s gut-immune–CNS axis.
Candidate gene polymorphisms related to lipid metabolism in Asian Indians living in Durban, South Africa
Authors: Maistry Tanya , Gordon Michelle , Sartorius Benn , Naidoo Datshana P. 
Published: October 2018

Background & objectives:
Asian Indians have been shown to have a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), related to insulin resistance and possibly genetic factors. The aim of this study was to determine the genetic patterns associated with MetS in Asian Indians living in Durban, South Africa.

Methods:
Nine hundred and ninety nine participants from the Phoenix Lifestyle Project underwent clinical, biochemical and genetic assessment. MetS was diagnosed according to the harmonized definition. The apolipoprotein A5 Q139X, lipoprotein lipase (LPL) Hinf I, human paraoxonase 1 (PON1) 192Arg/Gln, cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) Taq1B, adiponectin 45T>G and leptin (LEP) 25CAG were genotyped by real-time polymerase chain reaction in participants with and without MetS. Univariate-unadjusted and multivariate-adjusted relations were conducted for all analyses.

Results:
The prevalence of MetS was high (49.0%). More females had MetS than males (51.0 vs 42.8%). There was no significant difference in the distribution of genotypes between participants with MetS and those without. Males with the MetS who had the adiponectin TG genotype and human paraoxonase 1 AA genotype were more likely to have reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P=0.001) and higher systolic blood pressure (P=0.018), respectively.

Interpretation & conclusions:
About half of the Asian Indians living in Phoenix had MetS. No association between the polymorphisms studied and the risk for MetS was observed. The adiponectin TG genotype may be associated with reduced HDL-C and the human paraoxonase 1 AA genotype with hypertension in males. This suggested that lifestyle factors were the major determinant for MetS in this ethnic group and the genetic risk might be related to its component risk factors than to MetS as an entity.
Imaging & neuropsychological changes in brain with spiritual practice
Authors: Gupta Santosh S. , Maheshwari Shailendra M. , Shah Urvashi R. , Bharath Rose Dawn , Dawra Natasha Singh , Mahajan Madhuri Shimpi , Desai Aishani , Prajapati Arvind , Ghodke Mangesh 
Published: October 2018

Background & objectives:
Some studies have systematically assessed the effects of spiritual practice (SP) on the brain using combined neuropsychological testing and functional imaging. The objective of the present study was to compare imaging and neuropsychological changes in healthy individuals after SP and those with only physical exercise.

Methods:
Healthy adult male volunteers, aged 25-45 yr were randomized into two groups. Group 1 (SP group) underwent the SP and group 2 (controls) did brisk walk for 30 min daily. Detailed neuropsychological evaluation, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and brain 99mTc ethyl cysteinate dimer single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) were carried out for both groups before and three months after intervention.

Results:
Post-intervention, resting state fMRI showed increased connections of left precuneus (in the posterior cingulate cortex area of default mode network) in group 1 and increased left frontal connections in group 2. The neuropsychological tests showed significant improvement in ‘Speed of Processing’ (Digit Symbol Test) in group 1 and in Focused Attention (Trail Making A) in group 2. The SPECT data in group 1 showed significant improvement in perfusion of the frontal areas, with relatively lesser improvement in parietal areas. Group 2 showed significant improvement in perfusion predominantly in parietal areas, as compared to frontal areas. In addition, significantly improved mood was reported by group 1 and not by group 2.

Interpretation & conclusions:
This pilot study shows important functional imaging and neuropsychological changes in the brain with SP.
Serotypes & penicillin susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from children admitted to a tertiary teaching hospital in Malaysia
Authors: Subramaniam Prasanna , Jabar Kartini Abdul , Kee Boon Pin , Chong Chun Wie , Nathan Anna Marie , de Bruyne Jessie , Thavagnanam Surendran , Chua Kek Heng , Md Yusof Mohd Yasim , Teh Cindy Shuan Ju 
Published: October 2018

Background & objectives:

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is a highly invasive extracellular pathogen that causes diseases such as pneumonia, otitis media and meningitis. This study was undertaken to determine the serotype diversity and penicillin susceptibility of S. pneumoniae isolated from paediatric patients in a tertiary teaching hospital in Malaysia.

Methods:
A total of 125 clinical isolates collected from January 2013 to May 2015 were serotyped using seven sequential multiplex polymerase chain reactions. The susceptibility of these isolates to penicillin was also investigated.

Results:
Serotypes detected among the isolates were serotypes 3, 6A/B, 6C, 11/A/D/F, 15A/F, 19A, 19F, 23A, 23F, 34. Serotypes 19F and 6A/B were the most prevalent serotypes detected. Most of the S. pneumoniae were isolated from nasopharyngeal samples of children below five years of age. Majority of the isolates were penicillin susceptible. Only 5.6 per cent of the isolates were non-susceptible to penicillin, mostly of serotype 19F.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Our study revealed the distribution of various serotypes in S. pneumoniae isolates obtained from children in a teaching hospital at Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and decreasing rates of penicillin resistance among them. The shifts in serotypes and susceptibility to penicillin from time to time have been observed. Continuous monitoring and surveillance are pivotal for better infection control and management of pneumococcal infections among children.
Analysis of the performance of a ship-borne scanning wind lidar in the Arctic and Antarctic
Authors: Zentek Rolf , Kohnemann Svenja H. E. , Heinemann Günther 
Published: October 2018

Abstract. In the present study a
non-motion-stabilized scanning Doppler lidar was operated on board of
RV Polarstern in the Arctic (June 2014) and Antarctic (December
2015–January 2016). This is the first time that such a system measured on an
icebreaker in the Antarctic. A method for a motion correction of the data in
the post-processing is presented. The wind calculation is based on vertical
azimuth display (VAD) scans with eight directions that pass a quality
control. Additionally a method for an empirical signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)
threshold is presented, which can be calculated for individual measurement
set-ups. Lidar wind profiles are compared to total of about 120 radiosonde
profiles and also to wind measurements of the ship. The performance of the lidar measurements in comparison with radio soundings
generally shows small root mean square deviation (bias) for wind speed of
around 1 m s−1 (0.1 m s−1) and for wind direction of around
10∘ (1∘). The post-processing of the non-motion-stabilized
data shows a comparably high quality to studies with motion-stabilized
systems. Two case studies show that a flexible change in SNR threshold can be
beneficial for special situations. Further the studies reveal that
short-lived low-level jets in the atmospheric boundary layer can be captured
by lidar measurements with a high temporal resolution in contrast to routine
radio soundings. The present study shows that a non-motion-stabilized Doppler
lidar can be operated successfully on an icebreaker. It presents a processing
chain including quality control tests and error quantification, which is
useful for further measurement campaigns.
The Power of Consumer Activism and the Value of Public Health Immunization Registries in a Pandemic: Preparedness for Emerging Diseases and Today’s Outbreaks
Authors: Popovich Michael , Watkins Todd , Kudia Ousswa 
Published: October 2018

Public Health immunization registries and the immunization ecosystem have evolved over the past two decades to become significant population health data assets. Clinical providers and pharmacists are reporting to public health registries in 49 states and all territories the immunizations given to their patients, creating consolidated immunization event patient records. Most of these immunization events are reported through the provider’s Electronic Health Record system (EHR), Pharmacy Management System (PMS), online, or through data uploads. Meaningful Use and health data standards (HL7) became the drivers that accelerated reporting to immunization registries and significantly improved the quality of the data. The infrastructure supporting the Immunization Ecosystem (IE) has enabled real-time compliance reporting and, more importantly, real-time patient queries. The provider community now has online access to a patient’s immunization history in over three quarters of the states, and growing. This access includes a forecast of the patient’s immunization gaps provided by public health decision support tools based upon the most recent ACIP recommendations. This is creating an opportunity for the provider and the patient to work together to reduce their risk of suffering a vaccine-preventable disease. This IE and the data in an Immunization Information System (IIS) are especially useful as pharmacies expand their immunization practices and create opportunities to reduce the adolescent and adult immunization gaps.In a few states, this provider-public health ecosystem has begun to extend to individuals by allowing them to access the IIS online. This provides them with the electronic version of their immunization "yellow cards," recommendations for immunizations due, and the ability to print official certificates. This emerging consumer engagement creates opportunities to empower individuals to be more proactive in their family’s health care.This paper builds upon early experiments to empower individuals in this ecosystem by leveraging the value of these public health data assets and trusted communications, illustrating the possibilities for engaging consumers to support reducing the impact of emerging diseases, outbreaks and the next pandemic. This paper will suggest the value of the IE and the role individuals can play within their own social networks to advance public health’s efforts to manage disease events. In turn, this social mission would encourage consumers to be more proactive in managing their own healthcare.
Prados, F., Jiménez, H., Martínez, J.J. (Eds.) (2017). Menorca entre fenicis i púnics / Menorca entre fenicios y púnicos. Murcia: Centro de Estudios del Próximo Oriente y la Antigüedad Tardía de la Universidad de Murcia. 320 págs.
Authors: Missingham Pete 
Published: October 2018

Menorca, como su nombre lo indica, es la 'pequeña' isla de las Baleares, fácilmente ensombrecida por Mallorca, y en lo que respecta a los asuntos fenicios y púnicos, también y especialmente por Ibiza. Esto ha dado lugar a un "vacío" de conocimiento injusto que rodea la isla de Menorca. De manera similar, la arqueología de la cultura talayótica, sometida a una presentación a la UNESCO, ha distraído la atención del resto de arqueología presente en la isla. Este libro busca abordar este problema. Un equipo de arqueólogos liderado por Fernando Prados, de la Universidad de Alicante, ha estado trabajando desde 2014 en un esfuerzo por dilucidar la presencia y el estado de cualquier arqueología fenicio-púnica. Este libro tiene la sensación de ser un evento único en una generación y establece un alto estándar para comparar los futuros libros de arqueología menorquina.
Menorca, as its name implies, is the ‘small’ island of the Balearics, easily overshadowed by Mallorca, and when it comes to Phoenician and Punic affairs, also and especially, by Ibiza. This has resulted in an unfair knowledge ‘vacuum’ surrounding the island of Menorca. In a similar vein, the archaeology of the Talaiotic culture, subject of a submission to UNESCO, has distracted attention away from the other archaeology present on the island. This book seeks to address this issue. A team of archaeologists lead by Fernando Prados, from the University of Alicante, have been at work since 2014 in an effort to elucidate the presence and status of any Phoenicio-Punic archaeology. This book has the feeling of a once-in-a-generation event and sets a high standard for future Menorcan archaeology books to be measured against.
Peut-il exister une logique de la notation musicale?
Authors: Chevalier Jean-Marie 
Published: October 2018

Que fait-on lorsqu’on note un morceau de musique? Quelles sont les conditions de possibilité de la notation musicale? Que voit-on au juste sur une partition? Quelques éléments d’analyse de l’écriture de la musique sont proposés ici dans le sillage de la sémiotique peircienne. Une analogie entre notation musicale et notation logique révèle un réquisit d’iconicité des partitions. On peut distinguer trois niveaux d’iconicité de la musique correspondant à la trichotomie des hypoicônes : si les sons sont analogues à des images, la partition constitue une représentation en partie diagrammatique de rapports et d’intervalles, tandis que la signification musicale et l’interprétant émotionnel ont une nature métaphorique.
La musique et l’indescriptible
Authors: Yanakieva Miriana 
Published: October 2018

L’oeuvre de musique en tant que telle est inexprimable dans le sens où il est impossible de transmettre au moyen des mots son contenu ou sens immanent. L’oeuvre de musique en tant que telle est également indescriptible dans le sens où il est impossible de donner à entendre sa matière sonore au moyen du langage. Par contre, et c’est la thèse principale du présent article, la description verbale de l’expérience de l’écoute musicale est possible et même souvent indispensable à la prise de conscience de cette expérience de la part du sujet.
Dans son argumentation l’article s’appuie sur la conception wittgensteinienne de la description comme création d’images destinées à servir d’instruments d’une attitude active à l’égard de ce que nous vivons, et non comme simple énuméraion des parties ou des aspects d’une chose.
L’impact de l’ancrage territorial sur le Business Model. Le cas du label Origine France Garantie
Authors: Persais Eric 
Published: October 2018

Si le concept de Business Model (BM) a encore quelques détracteurs, son mérite est de centrer la problématique de l’entreprise sur la création de valeur économique et a fortiori financière. Paradoxalement, les exigences de Responsabilité Sociétale (RSE) conduisent à étendre l’idée de création de valeur pour les actionnaires à l’ensemble des parties prenantes et à y inclure des éléments de performance environnementale et sociale. La contribution de l’entreprise au développement territorial et à la préservation de l’emploi s’inscrit, notamment, dans cette perspective. De nombreuses entreprises font désormais le choix de produire localement bien que cela ait une incidence négative sur leur compétitivité-coût. Ce choix, loin d’être anodin, remet en cause le BM basé sur la création de valeur économique et financière puisqu’il élargit le concept de valeur à sa dimension sociétale. En outre, il conduit à une redéfinition de l’organisation de la chaîne et du réseau de valeur ainsi qu’à une réflexion concernant le portefeuille de ressources et compétences de l’entreprise. C’est ce que s’attache à démontrer l’auteur dans cette recherche basée sur des entretiens auprès de dirigeants de cinq entreprises dont les produits ont obtenu le label « Origine France Garantie » (OFG).
Enjeux de la différenciation selon le genre dans l’accompagnement collectif de la femme potentiellement créatrice
Authors: Bueno Merino Pascale , Duchemin Marie-Hélène 
Published: October 2018

L’objectif de cet article consiste à identifier les enjeux de la différenciation selon le genre dans l’accompagnement collectif de la femme potentiellement créatrice. A partir d’une démarche abductive, nous montrons que la mise en place de collectifs de femmes, dans la phase ante-création, est génératrice de confiance en soi. Le caractère bienveillant, empathique et non compétitif du groupe exclusivement féminin facilite, pour certaines femmes candidates à la création, la déconstruction de stéréotypes de genre sur l’entrepreneuriat féminin et atténue le sentiment de culpabilité lié à la difficulté à concilier projet entrepreneurial et vie familiale. En d’autres termes, la participation de la femme potentiellement créatrice à un collectif féminin répond à un besoin psychologique d’approbation externe qui peut faire défaut, notamment au sein de la famille. Toutefois, la pratique de l’accompagnement collectif au féminin dans la phase ante-création présente certaines limites. Ces dernières résultent de l’importance accordée par certaines femmes à la mise en place d’un environnement mixte pour le partage d’expériences entrepreneuriales diverses et le développement de réseaux d’affaires.
Genetic and morphometric divergence in the Garnet-Throated HummingbirdLamprolaima rhami(Aves: Trochilidae)
Authors: Zamudio-Beltrán Luz E. , Hernández-Baños Blanca E. 
Published: October 2018

Cloud forests are one of the most endangered ecosystems in the Americas, as well as one of the richest in biological diversity in the world. The species inhabiting these forests are susceptible to environmental changes and characterized by high levels of geographic structure. The Garnet-Throated Hummingbird,Lamprolaima rhami,mainly inhabits cloud forests, but can also be found in other habitats. This species has a highly restricted distribution in Mesoamerica, and five disjunct regions have been delimited within the current geographic distribution of the species from Mexico to Honduras. According to variation in size and color, three subspecies have been described:L. r. rhamirestricted to the Mexican highlands and Guatemala,L. r. occidentalisdistributed in Guerrero (Mexico), andL. r. saturatior, distributed in the highlands from Honduras and El Salvador. We analyzed the levels of geographic structure inL. rhamiand its taxonomic implications. We used mitochondrial and nuclear DNA to analyze genetic variation, demographic history, divergence times, reconstructed a multilocus phylogeny, and performed a species delimitation analyses. We also evaluated morphological variation in 208 specimens. We found high levels of genetic differentiation in three groups, and significant variation in morphological traits corresponding with the disjunct geographic populations.L. rhamipresents population stability with the highest genetic variation explained by differences between populations. Divergence time estimates suggest thatL. rhamisplit from its sister group around 10.55 million years ago, and the diversification of the complex was dated ca. 0.207 Mya. The hypotheses tested in the species delimitation analyses validated three independent lineages corresponding to three disjunct populations. This study provides evidence of genetic and/or morphometric differentiation between populations in theL. rhamicomplex where four separate evolutionary lineages are supported: (1) populations from the Sierra Madre Oriental and the highlands of Oaxaca (rhami), (2) populations from the highlands of Guerrero (occidentalis), (3) populations from the highlands of Chiapas and Guatemala (this is a non-previously proposed potential taxon:tacanensis), and (4) populations from the highlands of Honduras and El Salvador (saturatior). The main promoters of the geographic structure found in theL. rhamicomplex are likely the Isthmus of Tehuantepec as a geographic barrier, isolation by distance resulting from habitat fragmentation, and climatic conditions during the Pleistocene.