bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of ultrasonic activation on dentinal tubule penetration of calcium silicate‐based cements
Authors: Aksel Hacer , Arslan Elifcan , Puralı Nuhan , Uyanık Özgür , Nagaş Emre 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis study investigated the dentinal tubule penetration of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), NeoMTA Plus and Biodentine placed by either manual condensation or ultrasonic activation in simulated open apex model. Standardized divergent open apex models were created using palatal roots of 60 human maxillary molars and divided into six groups according to the used cements and activation methods (n = 10): MTA‐manual condensation, MTA‐ultrasonic activation, NeoMTA Plus‐manual condensation, NeoMTA Plus‐ultrasonic activation, Biodentine‐manual condensation, Biodentine‐ultrasonic activation. For the measurement of penetration, the cements were mixed with 0.1% Rhodamin B and 6‐mm apical portions of each root canal were obturated in an orthograde direction. The roots were embedded into acrylic blocks, and 1‐mm‐thick sections were obtained at 3 mm from the apex. Specimens were mounted onto glass slides and scanned under a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) and stereomicroscope. Dentinal tubule penetration areas, depth and percentage were measured using LSM and ImageJ software. The data were analyzed using two‐way analysis of variance (anova) with Bonferroni correction (α = 0.05). No correlation was found between stereomicroscope and CLSM analyses (p > .05). CLSM analysis showed no significant differences between MTA, NeoMTA Plus, and Biodentine groups when manual condensation was used (p > .05). Ultrasonic activation did not increase the tubular penetration of MTA, NeoMTA Plus or Biodentine as compared to manual condensation of each material (p > .05). MTA, NeoMTA Plus and Biodentine showed similar tubular penetration when manual condensation was used. Ultrasonic activation of these cements had no effect on tubular penetration of each material as compared to the manual condensation counterparts.
Novel Long‐Acting GLP‐2 Analogue, FE 203799 (Apraglutide), Enhances Adaptation and Linear Intestinal Growth in a Neonatal Piglet Model of Short Bowel Syndrome with Total Resection of the Ileum
Authors: Slim George M. , Lansing Marihan , Wizzard Pamela , Nation Patrick N. , Wheeler Sarah E. , Brubaker Patricia L. , Jeppesen Palle B. , Wales Paul W. , Turner Justine M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundGlucagon‐like peptide‐2 (GLP‐2) is an intestinotrophic factor released from L‐cells in the ileum, a segment commonly resected or atretic in neonatal short bowel syndrome (SBS). In piglets, ileal resection decreases intestinal adaptation and endogenous GLP‐2 production, whereas exogenous replacement promotes adaptation. In this study, we determined the effect of a novel long‐acting GLP‐2 analogue, FE 203799 (FE; apraglutide), upon intestinal growth, adaptation, and function in neonatal SBS piglets without ileum.MethodsNeonatal piglets were randomized to saline (n = 10) vs FE treatment (n = 8). All piglets underwent 75% intestinal resection with jejunocolic anastomosis and were pair‐fed parenteral and enteral nutrition. Saline and FE (5 mg/kg) treatments were administered subcutaneously on days 0 and 4. On day 6, 24‐hour fecal samples were collected for subsequent nutrient analysis. On day 7, small‐intestinal length and weight were measured and tissue collected for analyses.ResultsOn day 7, saline and FE‐treated piglets were healthy and gained equivalent weight (P = 0.12). Compared with saline piglets, FE‐treated piglets had lower fecal fat (P = 0.043) and energy (P = 0.043) losses and exhibited intestinal lengthening (P = 0.001), greater small‐intestinal weight (P = 0.004), longer villus height (P = 0.027), and greater crypt depth (P = 0.054).ConclusionsThe subcutaneous GLP‐2 analogue, FE, enhanced intestinal adaptation in a neonatal model of SBS without ileum. The observed intestinal lengthening with FE treatment was unique compared with our prior experience with native GLP‐2 in this same model and has important clinical implications for treating neonatal SBS. At this developmental stage, growth in the intestine, if augmented, could accelerate weaning from parenteral nutrition.
Effect of Early Parenteral Nutrition Discontinuation on Time to Regain Birth Weight in Very Low Birth Weight Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Perrem Lucy , Semberova Jana , O'Sullivan Anne , Kieran Emily A , O'Donnell Colm P. F. , White Martin John , Miletin Jan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundPeripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are used to administer parenteral nutrition (PN) in very low birth weight infants (VLBW; <1500 g). Clinicians try to optimize early nutrition but also minimize the risks associated with intravascular devices. The objective of this study was to examine the early nutrition impact of discontinuing PN at different enteral feed volumes in VLBW infants.MethodsIn this unmasked, multicenter, randomized controlled trial, patients were randomly assigned to PICC removal and PN discontinuation at an enteral feed volume of 100 mL/kg/day (intervention) or 140 mL/kg/day (control). Clinically stable VLBW infants with a PICC in situ who were receiving PN were eligible for inclusion. Infants with major congenital anomalies were excluded. A total of 139 patients were enrolled; 69 and 70 patients were randomized to the intervention and control groups, respectively. The primary outcome measure was the mean difference in time (days) to regain birth weight.ResultsThe groups were well matched at study entry. Patients in the intervention group regained birth weight more slowly (mean difference 1.5 days CI: 0.3–2.7 days, P = 0.01). The mean difference in time to regain birth weight for infants <1000 g was 2.8 days (95% CI: 0.8–4.8 days, P = 0.008).ConclusionsIn VLBW infants, early PICC removal at an enteral feed volume of 100 mL/kg/day compared with later removal at 140 mL/kg/day resulted in a significant delay in time to regain birth weight, and this delay was more pronounced in infants <1000 g.
Analysis of platelets in hypertensive and normotensive individuals using Raman and Fourier transform infrared‐attenuated total reflectance spectroscopies
Authors: García‐Rubio Diana L. , de la Mora M. B , Badillo‐Ramírez Isidro , Cerecedo Doris , Saniger José M. , Benítez‐Benítez José Luis , Villagrán‐Muniz M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPlatelets of both healthy and hypertensive subjects were analyzed by Raman and Fourier transform infrared by attenuated total reflectance (FTIR‐ATR) spectroscopies. We compared the average relative intensities of the main Raman peaks, the areas of convoluted bands in the amide I region, and the second derivative of the FTIR‐ATR spectra. Key differences were found in the bands reflecting lipid content and protein structure. The Raman spectra exhibited statistically significant changes in the intensity of bands associated with CC stretching vibrations in the carbon chains of lipids (960 cm−1) and the amide I band (centered at 1,658 cm−1). The amide I deconvolution showed changes in the area percentages of the bands corresponding to different protein secondary structures, suggesting biochemical and protein conformational differences between healthy versus arterial hypertension platelets, which might be related to the platelet activation stage. An analysis by using the second derivative of the FTIR‐ATR spectra, followed by deconvolution of amide regions support this observation, revealing differences in the amide II and amide I bands. Moreover, modifications observed in the phosphate‐associated bands are possibly related to the phospholipids' behavior and the phosphorylation of proteins. Our results suggest interesting differences between the spectra of healthy versus hypertensive platelets, which may be mainly associated with biochemical changes at the cellular membrane level.
Dissipation dynamics of intrachain exciton coupled with phonons in MEH‐PPV: Time‐resolved multiplex coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering
Authors: Wang Jiao , Wang Quan , Wang Wenyan , Wang Lin , Kang Zhihui , Yang Yanqiang , Zhang Hanzhuang , Wang Yinghui 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTime‐resolved coherent anti‐Stokes Raman spectroscopy can disentangle the exciton energy dissipation (EED) dynamics of the intrachain exciton in conjugated polymers (MEH‐PPV) coupled with several phonon modes and the corresponding phonon relaxation dynamics by adjusting the timing between lasers in the coherent anti‐Stokes Raman spectroscopy system. The intrachain EED process is coupled with phonon modes located at 966; 1118; 1283; and 1560 cm−1, respectively. Of these, the phonon mode at 966 cm−1 corresponds to the out‐of‐plane CH bending vibration in the vinylene group. This is the primary channel for EED because the vinylene group is close to the conjugated unit and the corresponding chemical bond is flexible. After annihilation of the intrachain exciton, some excess energy from MEH‐PPV in the ground state would further dissipate via energy redistribution between phonon modes at 1283 and 1118 cm−1, ultimately leading to phonon relaxation.
Chemical study of degradation processes in ancient metallic materials rescued from underwater medium
Authors: Estalayo Estefania , Aramendia Julene , Matés Luque José Manuel , Madariaga Juan Manuel 
Published: January 2019

AbstractUnderwater Cultural Heritage understands all traces of human existence having a cultural, historical, or archaeological character, which have been partially or totally underwater, in periodic or continuous forms for at least 100 years, according to UNESCO. This work is focused on two pieces extracted in 1999 from a shipwreck located in Bakio (Basque Country, Northern Spain). The two analyzed pieces were an iron anchor and a swivel gun, both exposed in Bakio's Town Hall after their restoration in 2005. The aim of this work is to study the elemental composition of archaeological metallic pieces extracted from underwater and the degradation processes that affect them. For that purpose, nondestructive analytical techniques were employed. Concretely, Raman spectroscopy and X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy were used to check the conservation state and to identify the raw materials that were used in the manufacture of those pieces. The analyses concluded that both artifacts were manufactured in cast iron, although the composition of the raw materials was not exactly the same. The main decaying compound was lepidocrocite (γ‐FeO(OH)), a highly reactive iron phase that increases the corrosion rate of the artifacts, though other iron oxy‐hydroxides were also detected in minor amounts. This compound together with the also found akaganeite (β‐Fe2(OH)3Cl) were probably the responsible of the continuous oxidation of the metallic pieces, which are in a poor conservation state. Therefore, the applied treatment was not suitable for these pieces.
Phosphorus and mowing improve native alfalfa establishment, facilitating restoration of grassland productivity and diversity
Authors: Zhou Jiqiong , Wilson Gail W.T. , Cobb Adam B. , Yang Gaowen , Zhang Yingjun 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSeeding legumes into degraded grasslands may effectively replace nitrogen fertilization and restore ecosystem stability by retaining or increasing native plant species diversity while increasing forage production. However, previous research indicated limited legume persistence and potential plant community diversity loss following seeding of legumes into grasslands, constraining successful restoration of degraded grasslands. Our research defined optimal management thresholds for successful legume establishment, reconciling both environmental conservation and production priorities. Large areas of degraded steppe in Inner Mongolia, northeast China, were seeded to either native alfalfa (yellow‐flowered alfalfa: Medicago falcata L.), cultivated alfalfa (purple‐flowered alfalfa: Medicago sativa L.), or left nonseeded (control). Within each seeded area, management treatments (P fertilization or mowing) were assigned to plots in the second year of alfalfa establishment. Our results indicated P amendments and mowing improve native alfalfa establishment, increasing plant productivity while maintaining diverse plant communities, thereby successfully rehabilitating degraded meadow steppe grasslands. However, cultivated alfalfa was not persistent under any management treatment. Alfalfa shoot N and P concentration was linearly related to plant‐available P, indicating P fertilization differentially benefits alfalfa compared with the dominate C3 grass, Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel. Mowing successfully increased plant species diversity and plant species asynchrony; however, mowing did not alter the temporal stability of plant community productivity, potentially maintaining or enhancing ecosystem stability. Our research showed promise that native alfalfa seeding combined with P fertilization and mowing can restore degraded grasslands to support both forage production and diverse plant communities.
Impacts of wise grazing on physicochemical and biological features of soil in a sandy grassland on the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhang Nan Nan , Sun Geng , Zhong Bo , Wang En Tao , Zhao Chun Zhang , Wang Yan Jie , Cheng Wei , Wu Ning 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDesertification is a serious environmental problem on the Tibetan Plateau and various strategies, such as long‐term fencing and grazing management, have been implemented in that region to control the soil degradation. However, little is known about the role of interactions among the soil aggregate, microbial communities, and nutrient traits in the soil restoration. In this study, we compared the effects of different restoration strategies on the formation of aggregates, the amount and distribution of soil nutrients, as well as the abundance and diversity of bacteria in a sandy soil of grassland at the Tibetan Plateau. The results demonstrated that both the grazing exclusion (GE: artificial planting and nutrient addition) and wise grazing (WG: artificial planting and nutrient addition with controlled grazing) treatments significantly increased the proportion of macroaggregates (4.0‐and 5.2‐ times, p < 0.05) compared with the control. Increased soil organic carbon, total carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus were found in the aggregates of WG treatment, but not in the GE samples. In addition, WG significantly changed the bacterial composition and increased bacterial abundance in soil. This study evaluated WG as an efficient management for restoration of degraded sandy grassland in the Tibetan Plateau because it significantly enriched the soil nutrients, improved the soil structure, and increased bacterial abundance. This is the first study to relate the aggregates with nutrient accumulation and bacterial community during the soil restoration in the Tibetan Plateau.
A miniaturized, tethered, spectrally‐encoded confocal endomicroscopy capsule
Authors: Kang Dongkyun , Do Dukho , Ryu Jiheun , Grant Catriona N. , Giddings Sarah L. , Rosenberg Mireille , Hesterberg Paul E. , Yuan Qian , Garber John J. , Katz Aubrey J. , Tearney Guillermo J. 
Published: January 2019

Background and ObjectiveThe tethered spectrally‐encoded confocal endomicroscopy (SECM) capsule is an imaging device that once swallowed by an unsedated patient can visualize cellular morphologic changes associated with gastrointestinal (GI) tract diseases in vivo. Recently, we demonstrated a tethered SECM capsule for counting esophageal eosinophils in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) in vivo. Yet, the current tethered SECM capsule is far too long to be widely utilized for imaging pediatric patients, who constitute a major portion of the EoE patient population. In this paper, we present a new tethered SECM capsule that is 33% shorter, has an easier and repeatable fabrication process, and produces images with reduced speckle noise.Materials and MethodsThe smaller SECM capsule utilized a miniature condenser to increase the fiber numerical aperture and reduce the capsule length. A custom 3D‐printed holder was developed to enable easy and repeatable device fabrication. A dual‐clad fiber (DCF) was used to reduce speckle noise.ResultsThe fabricated SECM capsule (length = 20 mm; diameter = 7 mm) had a similar size and shape to a pediatric dietary supplement pill. The new capsule achieved optical sectioning thickness of 13.2 μm with a small performance variation between devices of 1.7 μm. Confocal images of human esophagus obtained in vivo showed the capability of this new device to clearly resolve microstructural epithelial details with reduced speckle noise.ConclusionsWe expect that the smaller size and better image performance of this new SECM capsule will greatly facilitate the clinical adoption of this technology in pediatric patients and will enable more accurate assessment of EoE‐suspected tissues. Lasers Surg. Med. 51:452–458, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Treatment of telangiectasia on the cheeks with a compact yellow (585 nm) semiconductor laser and a green (532 nm) KTP laser: a randomized double‐blinded split‐face trial
Authors: Karppinen Toni , Kantola Emmi , Karppinen Ari , Rantamäki Antti , Kautiainen Hannu , Mordon Serge , Guina Mircea 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesThe primary objective of this study was to compare a traditional green KTP laser to a new investigational yellow laser (PhotoLase) in the treatment of facial telangiectasia in terms of the treatment outcomes. The secondary objective was to assess the functionality and reliability of the PhotoLase system from the perspective of the user.Study Design/MethodsThe study was a randomized split‐face double‐blinded study that compared the treatment efficacy of the 532‐nm KTP laser and the investigational 585‐nm PhotoLase laser. One or two treatments were given based on the response of the first treatment. The improvement of telangiectasia was graded according to a 7‐point Telangiectasia Grading Scale (TGS) by the subjects and blinded physicians. The subjects assessed the amount of pain during the treatments using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and evaluated adverse effects 2–3 days after the treatment(s) using a self‐assessment form.ResultsAt least 50% improvement was seen in 15/18 subjects after the first PhotoLase treatment, and a similar result was observed for KTP, as assessed by the blinded physicians (P = 0.29). In the subjects’ assessment, 7/18 subjects had at least 50% improvement after the first PhotoLase treatment, whereas at least 50% improvement was observed for 10/18 subjects in the KTP side, the difference being significant (P = 0.008). The amount of pain was higher with PhotoLase compared to KTP (67.7 vs. 34.6, P < 0.001). There was no difference in the frequency of erythema, crusting or purpura between the devices, but more blistering and less edema were seen after PhotoLase treatment (P < 0.05). Treatment with PhotoLase was evaluated to be 4.7‐fold faster than with KTP and the PhotoLase system was more compact, narrower, lighter, and easier to carry than KTP.ConclusionsThe investigational PhotoLase laser enables significantly faster treatments, but the process is somewhat more painful than with KTP, otherwise providing a similar clinical outcome in the treatment of facial telangiectasia. Treatment Protocol Lasers Surg. Med. 51:223–229, 2019. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Eradication of hairy mouth after oncological resection of the tongue and floor mouth using a diode laser 808 nm. Postoperative pain assessment using thermal infrared imaging
Authors: Scarano Antonio , Lorusso Felice , Di Cerbo Alessandro , Lucchina Alberta Greco , Carinci Francesco 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesVascularized soft tissue flaps are often harvested from hair‐bearing areas, such as the radial forearm or anterolateral thigh, making their use in oral reconstruction problematic due to postoperative hair growth. The presence of intact hair follicles in free tissue transfer and continued hair growth at the recipient site can result in difficulties with oral hygiene, intraoral irritation, food trapping, and patient distress. This study was to evaluate the intraoral efficacy and safety of a diode laser 808 nm when used for hair removal.Materials and MethodsSixteen male patients, between 2010 and 2017, were referred for intraoral hair eradication with a history of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue or floor mouth resection. An 808 nm diode laser (Stark 808, Plume s.r.l., Rome, Italy) was used to remove the intraoral hair. Each patient received a total of six treatments at 4‐week intervals. Perifollicular pain was quantified by the physician using visual analog scales. Follow‐up visits were scheduled at 1, 4, and 6 days to check the state of the tissues. The recall program included assessments of VAS, erythema, and perifollicular temperature. Patients were followed up for long‐term assessments at 6 and 12 months after the final treatment session.ResultsAll patients presented well with no occurrence of symptoms, indicating possible perifollicular inflammation. Based on the VAS scores, very mild discomfort during laser irradiation was recorded in all patients, with average pain score of 10.98 ± 1.42. No pain or discomfort was recorded 1, 4, and 6 days after the procedure. After the third pulse of light was applied, the average temperature with standard deviation of the hair tip with both the dark and light skin was 74.4 ± 11.7°C. The difference in temperature before the procedure (basal measurement 37.5 ± 2.8°C) and immediately after laser irradiation was 36.9 ± 3.7°C. The difference in temperature disappeared after 0.29 seconds, and no temperature increase was recorded on days 1, 4, or 6. In all the patients, the hair clearance between baseline and the 6th treatment, the 6‐month follow‐up, and the 12‐month follow‐up rated as significant P < 0.05. The mean percentage of hair reduction was 97.3% at 12 months.ConclusionIn conclusion, the clinical findings demonstrate the safety and efficacy of the 808 nm diode laser system for intraoral hair removal Lasers Surg. Med. 51:516–521, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.