bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of liquefaction potential in central Taiwan using random forest method
Authors: Liu Chih-Yu , Ku Cheng-Yu , Chiu Yu-Jia , Wu Ting-Yuan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLiquefaction is a significant geotechnical hazard in seismically active regions like Taiwan, threatening infrastructure and public safety. Accurate prediction models are essential for assessing soil susceptibility to liquefaction during seismic events. This study evaluates liquefaction potential in central Taiwan using the random forest (RF) method. The RF models were developed with a dataset of 540 soil and seismic parameter sets, including depth, effective and total overburden stresses, SPT-N values, fine soil content, earthquake magnitude, peak ground acceleration, and historical liquefaction occurrences. Rigorous validation techniques, such as cross-validation and comparisons with observed liquefaction events, confirm the RF model’s effectiveness, achieving an accuracy of 98.89%. The model also quantifies predictor importance, revealing that the SPT-N value is the most critical soil factor, while peak ground acceleration is the key seismic factor for liquefaction prediction. Notably, the RF model outperforms simplified procedures in accuracy, even with fewer input factors. Our case studies show that an accuracy of over 95% can still be achieved, highlighting the RF model’s superior performance compared to conventional methods, which struggle to reach similar levels.
Exploring mortality risk factors and specific causes of death within 30 days after hip fracture hospitalization
Authors: Wu Cheng-Yi , Tsai Ching-Fang , Hsu Yueh-Han , Yang Hsin-Yi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study examined the sex-specific mortality risk and causes of death soon after hip fracture in Taiwan. The objective of this study was to evaluate the 30-day mortality risk and cause of death in patients with hip fracture and identify its associated risk factors. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan from 2000 to 2015. This study included patients aged 50 years or older who were admitted to a hospital with a hip fracture diagnosis for the first time. Of 285,891 patients hospitalized for their first hip fracture, 8,505 (2.98%) died within 30 days. The mortality risk of hip fracture declined from 3.76% in 2000 to 2.92% in 2015. Circulatory system diseases like ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease were the most common cause of death and accounted for 22% of deaths within 30 days after fracture. Accidents and unintentional injuries caused 18% of deaths, followed by malignant neoplasms in 10% of deaths. Multivariate Cox regression identified older age, male sex, higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), suburban or rural residence, and lower income as risk factors for hip fracture mortality. The 30-day mortality risk of hip fractures has decreased but remains correlated with male sex, older age, and comorbidities. Circulatory diseases were the main cause of death. Early identification and treatment by experienced clinicians may optimize outcomes, minimize complications, and reduce mortality risk in the 30 days following hip fracture.
The N-terminal region of DNMT3A engages the nucleosome surface to aid chromatin recruitment
Authors: Wapenaar Hannah , Clifford Gillian , Rolls Willow , Pasquier Moira , Burdett Hayden , Zhang Yujie , Deák Gauri , Zou Juan , Spanos Christos , Taylor Mark R D , Mills Jacquie , Watson James A , Kumar Dhananjay , Clark Richard , Das Alakta , Valsakumar Devisree , Bramham Janice , Voigt Philipp , Sproul Duncan , Wilson Marcus D 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) plays a critical role in establishing and maintaining DNA methylation patterns in vertebrates. Here we structurally and biochemically explore the interaction of DNMT3A1 with diverse modified nucleosomes indicative of different chromatin environments. A cryo-EM structure of the full-length DNMT3A1-DNMT3L complex with a H2AK119ub nucleosome reveals that the DNMT3A1 ubiquitin-dependent recruitment (UDR) motif interacts specifically with H2AK119ub and makes extensive contacts with the core nucleosome histone surface. This interaction facilitates robust DNMT3A1 binding to nucleosomes, and previously unexplained DNMT3A disease-associated mutations disrupt this interface. Furthermore, the UDR-nucleosome interaction synergises with other DNMT3A chromatin reading elements in the absence of histone ubiquitylation. H2AK119ub does not stimulate DNMT3A DNA methylation activity, as observed for the previously described H3K36me2 mark, which may explain low levels of DNA methylation on H2AK119ub marked facultative heterochromatin. This study highlights the importance of multivalent binding of DNMT3A to histone modifications and the nucleosome surface and increases our understanding of how DNMT3A1 chromatin recruitment occurs.
Balancing Standardization and Ecological Validity in the Measurement of Social Communication Intervention Outcomes
Authors: Feiner Hannah , Sone Bailey , Lee Jordan , Kaat Aaron J. , Roberts Megan Y. 
Published: November 2024

Purpose:
Caregiver-mediated communication intervention outcomes are inconsistently measured, varying by assessment settings, materials, and activities. Standardized materials are often used for measuring outcomes, yet it remains unknown whether such standardized contexts equitably capture caregiver and child intervention outcomes representative of dyads' typical interactions. This within-subject study investigates how intervention outcomes differ between family-selected and standardized interactional contexts for autistic toddlers and their caregivers.

Method:
Following an 8-week caregiver-mediated telehealth intervention delivered to 22 dyads, caregiver outcomes (fidelity of using responsive communication facilitation strategies) and child outcomes (total spontaneous directed communicative acts) were measured during two interactional contexts using (a) family-selected activities and (b) a standardized toy set. A routines checklist surveyed the activities dyads value, enjoy, complete frequently, and/or find difficult with their child.

Results:
Caregiver outcomes and child outcomes did not significantly differ between the family-selected and standardized interactional contexts. Descriptive results suggest that the types of toys commonly included in standardized toy sets are representative of the materials many families choose when playing with their child at home. However, during the family-selected interactional context, the majority of dyads also chose materials or activities that were not available to them during the standardized context.

Conclusion:
It is necessary to carefully consider a more expansive approach to standardization in which intervention outcomes are measured in ecologically valid contexts, which meaningfully, accurately, and equitably capture caregiver and child functional outcomes, and the translation of interventions to families' everyday routines.
Use of Augmentative and Alternative Communication Technology to Retrain Attention and Enhance Functional Communication Following Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Clinical Case Report
Authors: Eichhorn Kimberly A. 
Published: November 2024

Purpose:
This case report outlines the use of high-tech assistive technology in the form of an augmentative and alternative communication device to assess and treat a veteran with severe speech, language, and cognitive impairments status post severe blast injury.

Method:
The patient is a right-handed male Veteran of the United States Marine Corps who sustained catastrophic injury after stepping on a dismounted improvised explosive device. He presented to the outpatient clinic 4 years status post injury for continued speech, language, and cognitive interventions. Based on assessments and observations, the patient was diagnosed with spastic anarthria, probable apraxia of speech, aphasia, and attentional impairments. His functional communication was restricted to limited facial expression and eye movements interpreted by those who knew him well. This case reviews the detailed informal and novel assessment techniques and training methods used to implement high-tech assistive technologies as part of the rehabilitation plan designed to enhance functional communication.

Results:
Through systematic instruction and retraining visual and sustained attention, the patient was able to engage meaningfully with a high-tech device to increase functional personal choice when supported by a partner.

Conclusion:
This case demonstrates the role high-tech assistive technologies can play in the rehabilitation and functional communication efforts for persons with severe traumatic brain injury and cerebrovascular accidents.
Implementation of entropically secure encryption: Securing personal health data
Authors: Temel Mehmet Hüseyin , Škorić Boris , Monroy Idelfonso Tafur 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEntropically secure encryption (ESE) offers unconditional security with shorter keys compared to the One‐Time Pad. Here, the first implementation of ESE for bulk encryption is presented. The main computational bottleneck for bulk ESE is a multiplication in a very large finite field. This involves multiplication of polynomials followed by modular reduction. A polynomial multiplication is implemented based on the gf2x library, with modifications that avoid inputs of vastly different length, thus improving speed. Additionally, a recently proposed efficient reduction algorithm that works for any polynomial degree is implemented. Two use cases are investigated: x‐ray images of patients and human genome data. Entropy estimation is conducted using compression methods whose results determine the key lengths required for ESE. The running times for all steps of the encryption are reported. The potential of ESE to be used in conjunction with quantum key distribution (QKD), in order to achieve full information‐theoretic security of QKD‐protected links for these use cases is discussed.
Studying early Islam in the third millennium: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Yılmaz Halil İbrahim , İzgi Mahmut Cihat , Erbay Enes Ensar , Şenel Samet 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEarly Islam, spanning its nascent centuries from the early 7th century, encompasses a pivotal epoch covering the life and teachings of the Prophet Muhammad, the establishment of Islamic principles, the codification of the Qur’ān, and the evolution of Islamic law and theological thought. This article outlines the findings of a pioneering bibliometric analysis of 764 high-value articles on early Islam from the Web of Science (WoS) database and unveils critical trends. This study, which notably highlights increased academic activities, particularly interdisciplinary expansion into archaeology and related fields, demonstrates a contemporary upsurge in scholarly engagement within humanities and social sciences. Global contributions from 60 countries, led by the USA, showcase an international landscape, and English emerges as the predominant language. (Der) Islam-Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Kultur des Islamischen Orients and Journal of Archaeological Science Reports stand out as the most prolific journals across all fields, followed by Journal of Archaeological Science. This highlights the growing significance of archaeology in the research on early Islam. The top authors with the most publications N. Schibille, I. Taxel, and G. Bar-oz and most cited authors I. C. Freestone, J. Henderson, and Y. Avni shape the field. Financial support from organizations like the European Research Council (ERC), the Spanish Government and the Israel Science Foundation signals strategic investments in Islamic studies. Lastly, a keyword analysis emphasizes prevalent themes, such as Islam, early Islam, early Islamic period, and Qur’ān, providing a concise snapshot of the field’s contemporary focus. These insights underscore the rising international importance of Islamic research. Recognizing the limitations of the present study, this bibliometric analysis offers a foundational framework for future research by inspiring further scholarly exploration of emerging trends and thematic gaps in the field.
A lightweight semi-active ankle exoskeleton utilized NiTiCu-based shape memory alloys for energy storage
Authors: Dong Tiesheng , Zhang Jiaqi , Shu Qilin , Xin Long , Ge Jiao 
Published: November 2024

Nowadays, exoskeletons have a place in many fields, such as industrial production, medical rehabilitation, and military. However, there are still many shortcomings in the existing exoskeleton, such as heavyweight and complex structures for active exoskeleton. The driving ability of passive exoskeletons is limited. To reduce the energy consumption of wearers, based on the characteristics of the semi-active ankle exoskeleton, this paper proposes to use NiTiCu-based shape memory alloys (SMA) as the energy storage source to improve the power density. Compared to NiTi-based SMA, the phase transformation process of NiTiCu-based SMA is more rapid, which can solve the response delay problem to a certain extent. The ankle exoskeleton uses SMA deformation to compress the bias spring. When the human ankle joint needs auxiliary torque, the SMA releases the energy stored by the bias spring and transfers the energy to the ankle exoskeleton to achieve the effect of assisting the human ankle joint. During the assistance process, a control system based on the SMA mathematical model is constructed. The above-mentioned ideas provide a new approach for further expanding power density and can be widely applied in the field of robotics. During characterization, this semi-active ankle exoskeleton can effectively complete the movement state of upstairs and walking, achieve an effective power of 180 N, and store maximum energy up to 5 J for the human ankle.
Ultrafast dynamics of two-dimensional electron gas at Al2O3/SrTiO3 interface studied by surface terahertz spectroscopy
Authors: Ma Junying , Wang Yuhan , Su Yudan , Tian Chuanshan 
Published: November 2024

Two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) confined at the interface of SrTiO3-based heterostructure exhibits intriguing electronic and optoelectronic properties. In this work, we study the ultrafast dynamics of 2DEG at the Al2O3/SrTiO3 interface using surface-specific terahertz difference-frequency spectroscopy. Through proper polarization selection, we have resolved simultaneously the evolution of 2DEG confined in the quantum well and the surface potential after optical pump with different photon energies. The hot electrons excited from 2DEG with pump photon energy below the band gap relax to the ground state through two processes, a fast interfacial process associated with electron–electron and electron–phonon scattering on the order of tens of picoseconds and a slow surface-to-bulk transport on the order of hundreds of picoseconds. When the pump photon energy exceeds the bandgap, electrons are directly injected from the valence band to 2DEG at the interface and relax via electron–hole recombination in 3 ps. The recorded dynamic change of interfacial potential provides the key information to identify the drift and diffusion of photocarriers at the interface. Our results broaden the horizon of investigation on the comprehension of complex oxide interfaces and their photonics capabilities.
Clubroot Disease (
Plasmodiophora brassicae
) as a Threat to Worldwide Rapeseed or Canola
(Brassica napus)
Authors: Ludwig-Müller Jutta 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The clubroot disease is a devastating threat to Brassica crops throughout many parts of the world. Recently, it has become more prevalent in several European countries, particularly in rapeseed (canola,
Brassica napus
). The disease is difficult to control and only a few chemical treatments are available. The majority of control approaches focus on hygiene, crop rotation and in particular resistant cultivars. However, such resistance often relies on single genes and is rarely employed in Europe. Other possibilities include the exploitation of biocontrol agents, which have not yet proven effective in combating this disease. Rapeseed is not the only crop susceptible to the soilborne protist
Plasmodiophora brassicae
(Kingdom Chromista), but it may account for a large proportion of the commercial cash crops. Since the protist cannot be cultivated outside of its host, research relies on either investigating interactions with the host or using heterologous expression systems, which will not be discussed here. In this case study, a worldwide perspective on infested rapeseed plants that pose a threat to clubroot dissemination is presented. The complex life cycle is discussed, as well as possible control strategies such as breeding or interactions with beneficial microbes.

Information
© The Author 2024
Novelty detection for long-term diagnostic data with Gaussian and non-Gaussian disturbances using a support vector machine
Authors: Moosavi Forough , Shiri Hamid , Vashishtha Govind , Chauhan Sumika , Wylomanska Agnieszka , Zimroz Radoslaw 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In condition monitoring lack of properly balanced data sets with faulty and healthy cases makes proper condition recognition very challenging. In many cases, one may have good condition data only as the machine is unique and there is no other example. This issue is addressed by proposing a support vector machine for novelty detection applied to health index data. In this scheme, the moving window approach has been utilized in which the simple statistical parameterization of the data is carried out. Then the model in the multidimensional (mD) space is constructed whose shape is defined by an estimated hypersphere border. If the data lies inside the border then it can be used to re-train the model. Whereas if it is outside the border then it cannot be recognized as a healthy case. The size of the mD hypersphere (for m = 2) describes the location of the good-condition data cloud as a potential feature. If the size of the data cloud is growing, it means more dispersion of the data. The efficiency of the method is tested on simulated and well-known real data sets having Gaussian and non-Gaussian disturbances.
Scale-adaptive salience supervision and dynamic token filtering for small object detection in remote sensing images
Authors: Zhang Qian , Yi Shimeng , Shao Mingwen , Liang Hong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Recently, DETR-like detectors, which have shown remarkable performance in general object detection, face limitations when dealing with remote sensing images primarily containing small objects. Mainstream two-stage DETR-like models employ a pipeline that selects and processes a small portion of informative tokens, which enhances performance but also shows a high dependency on token selection. The current static token selection strategies lead to inconsistencies between the static selection criteria and dynamic token updates. Additionally, in remote sensing images, the limited information available for small objects and their inherent sensitivity to pixel shifts further degrade detection performance. To address this, we propose Scale-Adaptive Salience DETR (SAS DETR), a two-stage DETR-like method. SAS DETR incorporates dynamic token filtering, which uses a global threshold predictor to determine the token filtering ratio for each layer of the encoder. This approach selects an appropriate filtering ratio for different network layers while maintaining consistency between the foreground confidence map and token updates. Furthermore, we introduce a novel scale-adaptive salience supervision mechanism that adaptively scales the salience computation area based on object size, ensuring the model more effectively supervises small objects and utilizes the information within tokens without compromising the detection performance for objects of other sizes. Finally, we employ Scale-adaptive Intersection over Union to reduce the impact of pixel shifts on small objects. With these improvements, our proposed SAS DETR achieves 25.2% AP on the AI-TOD-V2 dataset with 24 training epochs and 50.4% AP on the COCO 2017 dataset with 12 training epochs.
Design and analysis of terrestrial laser scanner based on a 3-SPR parallel mechanism for improved anti-occlusion scanning
Authors: Chang Yizhe , Xu He , Zhou Jiaqiang , Ma Zhen , Nie Peng , Aziz Zohaib 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Laser scanner technology swiftly captures point cloud data of objects and their surrounding environments, proving extensive applications across various sectors. However, it often encounters challenges related to incomplete point clouds due to occlusion from stationary objects. This paper presents a terrestrial laser scanning system based on a 3-SPR (3-Spherical Joint-Active Prismatic Joint-Rotating Joint) parallel mechanism (TLS-PM), specifically designed to enhance scanning coverage during single-station measurements, reduce positioning and workload during multi-station measurements, and mitigate point cloud gaps caused by occlusions. Initially, a simulation model of the TLS-PM was developed, and both forward and inverse kinematic analysis were performed. Subsequently, the workspace was computed for different spherical joints using this model. An introduction to the TLS-PM’s error and the registration algorithm employed was then provided. Finally, through comparative analysis of simulations and experimental results, the device’s measurement accuracy and its capability to resist occlusions were validated. Additionally, the TLS-PM’s anti-occlusion performance was evaluated under various scenarios in a simulated setting. The experimental results demonstrate that, when employing the same conventional point cloud processing algorithms, the TLS-PM significantly improves the background scanning coverage.
Application of the AVMD-AIMCKD method to the enhancement of rolling bearing fault features
Authors: Wang Chenxu , Bao Huaiqian , Zhang Zongzhen , Han Baokun , Wang Jinrui 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Rolling bearings are prone to failure due to harsh working environments, which can affect production efficiency. Given the background environmental noise interference, it is difficult to extract the fault characteristics of rolling bearings in the early stages of weak fault signals. Based on adaptive VMD combined with adaptive IMCKD (AVMD-AIMCKD), a rolling bearing fault diagnosis method is proposed in this paper. The vibration signal from the rolling element bearing is processed by adaptive variational modal decomposition (AVMD) to extract and select the time-frequency domain signal characteristics. The adaptive improved maximum correlated kurtosis deconvolution (AIMCKD) algorithm is used for noise reduction optimization to obtain the best extraction results. Because the traditional method requires input parameter values for variable mode decomposition (VMD) and improved maximum correlated kurtosis deconvolution (IMCKD), it is not adaptive. The particle swarm optimization algorithm is utilized in this study to optimize two variables: the penalty factor and decomposition mode number of VMD. The filter length and shift order of the IMCKD are optimized to make it adaptive. The viability of the method is substantiated through simulations, and the efficacy and precision are validated by comparative studies. The experimental results show that the AVMD-AIMCKD method has high accuracy and robustness in rolling bearing fault diagnosis and provides an accurate reference for rolling bearing health monitoring in engineering practice. The AVMD-AIMCKD method effectively extracts the early fault features through adaptive optimization, overcomes the restrictions of traditional methods, and provides a more accurate and reliable tool for bearing fault signal diagnosis.