bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on flame retardant and smoke suppression of EPDM by sepiolite expansion flame retardant system
Authors: Li Song , Dong Lingbo , Jia Jinyi , Jiang Licong , Xin Zhenxiang , Liu Wei , Li Lin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA large amount of smoke will be produced during the combustion of ethylene propylene diene monomer(EPDM), which seriously endangers the environment and personal safety. In this study, K‐SEP was obtained by modifying sepiolite with KH550, and two bio‐based flame retardant and smoke suppression systems AEGS and PEGS were prepared by combining ammonium polyphosphate intumescent flame retardant system (AEG) and piperazine pyrophosphate intumescent flame retardant system (PEG), respectively. The flame retardant and smoke suppression properties of AEGS and PEGS on EPDM matrix composites were investigated. The experimental results show that the LOI values of EPDM/AEGS3 and EPDM/PEGS3 composites with 3 phr K‐SEP are 8.1% and 5.5% higher than those of the blank samples without sepiolite. TSP decreased by 26.3% and 14.3% respectively, which proved that sepiolite has important research value in the field of flame retardant and smoke suppression of polymer materials.
Modification of opto‐electrical behavior of polyvinyl chloride by infusion of SrTiO3 nanofiller synthesized via green route
Authors: Arun K. J. , Muthukrishnan Meena , Manikanda Prabu V. , Thiagamani Senthil Muthu Kumar , Mahmoud Mohamed H. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEnhancing the opto‐electrical properties of polymer is crucial for optoelectronic devices. This study emphasis the synthesis of strontium titanate (SrTiO3) nanoparticles using a green sol–gel method and incorporates them into polyvinyl chloride (PVC) to create nanocomposite films via solution casting. The structural, optical, thermal, and electrical properties of PVC with SrTiO3 at concentrations of 1, 3, and 5 wt.% were examined. Better crystallinity was obtained with filler incorporation. Fourier transform infrared shows the physical interaction between nanofiller and the matrix. SEM results suggested that SrTiO3 nanofiller are well distributed in PVC surface. UV–Vis spectroscopy was used to study optical behavior of the nanocomposites. Optical bandgap energy decreased from 3.2 to 2.5 eV with increased concentration of SrTiO3 in PVC matrix. Photoluminescence results show the reduction of electron hole recombination rate. The integration of SrTiO3 nanofiller into the PVC matrix improved the thermal stability, dielectric constant, and the overall performance of the prepared nanocomposite films, making them suitable for high‐temperature optoelectronic and energy storage applications. The green synthesis of SrTiO3 nanofiller also ensures the environmental benefits, high purity, and homogeneity, leading to consistent enhancements in the PVC/SrTiO3 composites. These improvements highlight their potential for advanced optoelectronic devices requiring efficient and durable materials.
Dual drug delivery systems based on natural and synthetic polymer particles for isoniazid and rifampicin vehiculization
Authors: Peverengo María Rocío , Ferrero Francisco J. , Turino Ludmila N. , Karp Federico , López Marcela A. , Luna Julio A. , Mengatto Luciano N. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this work is the design and characterization of novel systems based on micro and nanoparticles prepared from poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic) acid (PLGA), chitosan (CHT) and gelatin (GEL) for compartmentalization and dual release of rifampicin and isoniazid. The emulsion/evaporation method is employed for the preparation of PLGA based microparticles and nanoparticles. CHT and GEL are used for the preparation of microparticles by spray‐drying. Entrapment efficiencies are in the range of 35%–73% and 5%–29% for rifampicin and isoniazid in PLGA microparticles, respectively. For isoniazid GEL:CHT particles the entrapment efficiencies are within 82%–100%. Isoniazid shows a complete release at acid condition from GEL:CHT particles, while rifampicin release is maintained from GEL:CHT particles or displays an slightly increase from PLGA particles during buffer conditions. Antimycobacterial activity experiments show that the formulations present the ability to inhibit the bacterial growth in comparison with a control culture without treatment. Rifampicin PLGA and isoniazid GEL:CHT microparticles could be used for the preparation of a dual drug delivery system with each antibiotic in a single particulate compartment. GEL:CHT microparticles containing free isoniazid and rifampicin PLGA nanoparticles are a novel two compartment delivery system.
Higher Incidence of Common Polymorphisms in the Genes of Folate and Methionine Cycles in Children With Orofacial Clefs and Congenital Heart Defects Compared to their Unaffected Siblings
Authors: Karas Kuželički Nataša , Šmid Alenka , Vidmar Golja Maša , Kek Tina , Eberlinc Andreja , Geršak Borut , Mazič Uroš , Mlinarič‐Raščan Irena , Geršak Ksenija 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundUninterrupted folate metabolism plays a vital role in embryonic development, ensuring a supply of one‐carbon‐activated folate cofactors for essential processes. Folate deficiency has been implicated in the development of orofacial clefts (OFC) and congenital heart disease (CHD). Although both malformations have been extensively studied in lieu of folate deficiency, the results of corresponding studies are ambiguous due to the interplay of maternal and fetal genomes controlling folate metabolism in the developing fetus.MethodsWe used the innovative study design to compare affected and unaffected siblings from the same mother, thus minimizing the effect of the maternal genome. Thus, it might be possible to identify genetic markers of congenital malformations that pertain exclusively to the child. This study compared demographic and environmental factors between OFC or CHD‐affected and unaffected pregnancies as well as the presence of polymorphisms in genes of folate metabolism between OFC or CHD‐affected and unaffected siblings.ResultsOnly the maternal fever in the first trimester was a risk factor for OFC, whereas the maternal advanced age, medication administration, and common polymorphism in the FPGS gene increased the risk of CHD formation. Both OFC and CHD formation were associated with a higher number of variant loci in genes of folate–methionine cycles.ConclusionsBoth OFC and CHD formation were associated with a higher number of mutated loci in genes of folate–methionine cycles, indicating polygenic and possibly multifactorial inheritance.
Chromatin Accessibility Plays an Important Epigenetic Role on Antibody Expression From CMV Promoter and DNA Elements Flanking the CHO TI Host Landing‐Pad
Authors: Ganapathy Kavya , McKay Andrew , Durinck Steffen , Shi Minyi , Dorighi Kristel , Lam Cynthia , Liang Yuxin , Shen Amy , Barnard Gavin , Misaghi Shahram 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTTargeted integration (TI) Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) platforms are commonly used for protein expression. However, the impact of epigenetic modifications on protein expression in TI cell lines remains elusive since almost all the epigenetic studies focus on random integration (RI) of the gene of interest and only within the promoter region. To address the impact of epigenetic modifications on TI CHO cells, we utilized a standard mAb‐1 to identify and characterize TI clones with the same transgene copy numbers but different levels of transgene transcription and titer. Surprisingly, while CMV promoters were not methylated and histone acetylation/methylation was present, these epigenetic markers did not trend with mRNA transcription and protein expression in our TI model. Instead, ATAC‐seq data analysis revealed that differences in chromatin accessibility within the TI site could be a major factor impacting these observed differences. However, neither chromatin accessibility nor histone acetylation/methylation profiles in early cultures were predictive of high‐expressing clones early during the CLD process. Finally, modulation of the histone profiles (H3K27ac and H3K4me3) at the CMV promoters within the TI integration site using dCas9 fusion proteins was not effective in further increasing mAb titers which could have been likely due to interference of the dCas9 fusion proteins with transcription from the CMV promoters. Overall, our data suggests increasing chromatin accessibility at the TI site is the most effective way to increase mRNA transcription and hence, productivity in TI cell lines.
Perceptions of Multicancer Detection Tests Among Primary Care Physicians and Laypersons: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Samimi Goli , Temkin Sarah M. , Weil Carol J. , Han Paul K. J. , LeeVan Elyse , Rubinstein Wendy S. , Swigart Tessa M. , Caban Sarah , Dent Katherine , Minasian Lori M. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionMulticancer detection tests (MCDs) are blood‐based tests designed to detect multiple cancer types. It is currently unclear whether these cancer screening tests improve mortality. To understand awareness of MCDs among providers and patients, as well as explore how they perceive the benefits, harms, and acceptability of MCDs, we have undertaken a focus group study in primary care physicians (PCPs) and laypersons to explore knowledge, attitudes, and expectations of cancer screening using MCDs.MethodsWe conducted six focus groups with 45 PCP participants and 12 focus groups with 80 layperson participants. Participants were identified via a consumer research firm and found eligible following the completion of a screener survey. Moderators used a semi‐structured guide containing open‐ended questions and prompts to facilitate the discussion. Recordings were transcribed and coded line by line using a codebook developed based on questions and emerging discussion concepts, and emergent themes were identified.ResultsBoth PCP and layperson participants felt the that benefits of MCDs included ease of use and potential ability to detect cancers early. However, they felt that additional data is needed to overcome some of the concerns related to MCDs. PCP participants expressed concerns related to lack of practice guidelines, cost of diagnostic follow‐ups, privacy and insurance issues, fear/anxiety related to confirmation of MCD results, and malpractice liability related to perceived false negative test results. Layperson participants expressed concerns related to costs, insurance coverage, and privacy, as well as anxiety over the confirmation of a positive test result.ConclusionsThere is a major need for more rigorous data regarding MCDs to inform the development of guidelines for use as cancer screening tools.
The Rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.: A Comprehensive Review on the Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology
Authors: Luo Weihong , Zhang Kexin , Wang Yali , Ye Miao , Zhang Yuqin , Xu Wei , Chen Lixia , Li Hua 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAtractylodes macrocephala Koidz. (A. macrocephala) is a perennial herb of the genus Atractylodes. The rhizome of A. macrocephala (AMR) is its medicinal part. It primarily grows in Southeast Asia and function to invigorate the spleen and qi, drying dampness and removing water. It has long been used for cancer treatment, relieving inflammation, and improving gastrointestinal function, highlighting its remarkable medicinal value. This paper focuses on recent advancements in the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of AMR from 2018 to the present, while exploring its therapeutic and scientific potential. In recent years, more than 120 compounds have been identified in AMR. The primary active components have been identified as sesquiterpenoids, polysaccharides and polyacetylenes. Modern pharmacological studies have demonstrated that AMR has anti‐inflammatory, anti‐tumor, immunity enhancement, gastrointestinal function improvement, and other pharmacological effects. It is mainly employed in the clinical treatment of tumors and gastrointestinal diseases, showing promising developmental potential. Its mechanism may be related to reducing oxidative stress, inhibiting the expression of inflammatory mediators and factors, and alleviating apoptosis through related signaling pathways. It is hoped that this review can provide a theoretical reference and scientific basis for further systematic research and extensive clinical application of AMR.
Annihilation Electrochemiluminescence Triggered by Bipolar Electrochemistry
Authors: Arias‐Aranda Leslie R. , Salinas Gerardo , Li Haidong , Hogan Conor F. , Kuhn Alexander , Bouffier Laurent , Sojic Neso 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBipolar electrochemistry (BE) combined with electrochemiluminescence (ECL) has gained considerable attention as a versatile and powerful analytical technique operating in a wireless manner. However, only co‐reactant ECL has been reported so far when using a BE setup. In this work, the generation of annihilation ECL at the anodic extremity of a bipolar electrode (BPE) is demonstrated in two different spatial arrangements of the electrodes. The reported approach is based on a synergetic effect between the asymmetric electroactivity induced across the BPE, which produces different redox states of [Ru(bpy)3]2+, and the electro‐migration mechanism of the formed ionic species, allowing the localization and concentration of the ECL emission. The presented approach demonstrating annihilation ECL via BE, paves the way for the design of easy and straightforward light‐emitting platforms for multiple applications.
Evaluation of Anti‐Alzheimer's Potential of Azo‐Stilbene‐Thioflavin‐T derived Multifunctional Molecules: Synthesis, Metal and Aβ Species Binding and Cholinesterase Activity
Authors: Rana Monika , Terpstra Karna , Gutierrez Citlali , Xu Kerui , Arya Hemant , Bhatt Tarun K. , Mirica Liviu M. , Sharma Anuj K. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractInhibition of amyloid β (Aβ) aggregation and cholinesterase activity are two major therapeutic targets for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Multifunctional Molecules (MFMs) specifically designed to address other contributing factors, such as metal ion induced abnormalities, oxidative stress, toxic Aβ aggregates etc. are very much required. Several multifunctional molecules have been developed using different molecular scaffolds. Reported herein is a new series of four MFMs based on ThT, Azo‐stilbene and metal ion chelating pockets. The synthesis, characterization, and metal chelation ability for [Cu2+ and Zn2+] are presented herein. Furthermore, we explored their multifunctionality w.r.t. to their (i) recognition of Aβ aggregates and monomeric form, (ii) utility in modulating the aggregation pathways of both metal‐free and metal‐bound amyloid‐β, (iii) ex‐vivo staining of amyloid plaques in 5xFAD mice brain sections, (iv) ability to scavenge free radicals and (v) ability to inhibit cholinesterase activity. Molecular docking studies were also performed with Aβ peptides and acetylcholinesterase enzyme to understand the observed inhibitory effect on activity. Overall, the studies presented here establish the multifunctional nature of these molecules and qualify them as promising candidates for furthermore investigation in the quest for finding Alzheimer's disease treatment.
Teaching green and sustainable chemistry by the example of wood biorefinery – a teaching and learning sequence for secondary education chemistry classes
Authors: Teplá Alexandra , Hettegger Hubert , Rosenau Thomas , Lembens Anja 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWir treffen täglich Wahl‐ und Konsumentscheidungen, die das Ausmaß an Umweltverschmutzungen, Treibhausgasemissionen und Ressourcenverbrauch beeinflussen. Der Umgang mit Produkten der chemischen Industrie ist dabei eine besondere Herausforderung. Verbesserungen chemischer Prozesse unter Berücksichtigung der Prinzipien der Grünen Chemie können helfen, diese Herausforderung zu bewältigen. Zum Schutz des Klimas und der Umwelt brauchen wir verantwortungsbewusste Entscheidungsträger:innen und informierte Bürger:innen gleichermaßen. Um nachhaltige Entscheidungen treffen zu können, ist naturwissenschaftliche Grundbildung notwendig, deren Grundlagen u.a. im Chemieunterricht gelegt werden müssen. In diesem Beitrag stellen wir eine Unterrichtsreihe zur Grünen und nachhaltigen Chemie am Beispiel der Holz‐Bioraffinerie für Lernende der Sek. II vor, die klassische Fachinhalte vor dem Hintergrund nachhaltiger Chemie beleuchtet und dadurch zur Förderung von Urteils‐ und Handlungskompetenz bezüglich aktueller Herausforderungen beiträgt.
Profiling Cysteine Proteases Activities in Neuroinflammatory Cells
Authors: Agost‐Beltrán Laura , Canseco‐Rodríguez Ania , Schirmeister Tanja , Rodríguez Santiago , Sánchez‐Pérez Ana María , González Florenci V. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA new activity‐based probe (ABP) of cysteine proteases (FGA139) has been designed and synthesized. The design of the ABP has been done based upon the chemical structure of an irreversible inhibitor of cysteine proteases by attaching a bodipy fluorophore at the N‐terminus of the peptide backbone. The synthetic route of the probe has a metathesis and a “click” reaction as key steps. Although some studies have been reported about the role played by cysteine proteases in neurodegenerative diseases, there are not definitive conclusions. The obtained ABP has been employed as a chemical tool to profile activities of cysteine proteases cathepsins B, L, and calpain in neurodegenerative cell models through confocal imaging. Colocalization of the probe to specific antibodies of the proteases and competitive experiments with non‐fluorescent inhibitors confirm the specificity of the ABP. From a theranostic perspective, our findings strongly suggest that FGA139 exhibits a protective role in various cell lines against oxidative stress or pro‐inflammatory toxicity and it effectively attenuates macrophage activation triggered by LPS.
Progress of Photoantibiotics in Overcoming Antibiotic Resistance
Authors: Bhunia Supriya , Box Sk Majid , Bera Satyajit , Dolai Anirban , Samanta Subhas 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAntibiotic resistance has emerged as a global public health crisis in the 21st century, leading to treatment failures. To address this issue, the medical and pharmaceutical sectors are confronted with two challenges: i) finding potent new antimicrobial agents that would work against resistant‐pathogens, and ii) developing conceptually new or unconventional strategies by which a particular antibiotic would remain effective persistently. Photopharmacology with the aid of reversibly controllable light‐active antibiotics that we call “photoantibiotics” shows great promise to meet the second challenge, which has inspired many research laboratories worldwide to align their research in inventing or developing such antibiotics. In this review, we have given an overview of the progress made over the last ten years or so towards developing such photoantibiotics. Although making such antibiotics that hold high antimicrobial potency like the native drugs and subsequently maintain a significant activity difference between light‐irradiated and non‐irradiated states is very challenging, the progress being reported here demonstrates the feasibility of various approaches to engineer photoantibiotics. This review provides a future perspective on the use of such antibiotics in clinical practice with the identification of potential problems and their solutions.
Outcomes of pregnancy in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in the era of tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Authors: Kondo Takeshi , Matsuki Eri , Takaku Tomoiku , Watanabe Naoki , Yoshida Chikashi , Okada Masaya , Murai Kazunori , Kodama Takashi , Takahashi Naoto , Kimura Shinya , Matsumura Itaru ,   Preg‐CML/Japan Study Investigators
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundYoung female patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) often face challenges becoming pregnant due to the teratogenicity of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs).MethodsThe authors conducted a nationwide survey of female patients with CML who experienced pregnancy between 2002 and 2020.ResultsInformation for 70 pregnancies in 49 patients was obtained. There were three types of pregnancies: CML onset during pregnancy (n = 9), unplanned pregnancy mostly during treatment with a TKI (n = 25), and planned pregnancy during treatment‐free remission (TFR) or treatment with interferon‐alpha (IFN‐α) (n = 36). The median duration from CML diagnosis to pregnancy in patients with planned pregnancy was significantly longer than that in patients with unplanned pregnancy (10.6 years vs. 4.1 years, p < .001). In 48 pregnancies that resulted in childbirth, TFR and treatment with IFN‐α were chosen in 26 and 17 pregnancies, respectively. Sustained major or deeper molecular response was observed in 18 of 26 pregnancies with TFR. The patients who fulfilled the requirements for TKI therapy discontinuation by European LeukemiaNet recommendations achieved a TFR rate of 77% in pregnancy. Treatment with IFN‐α might be effective for patients who are in complete cytogenetic response or deeper response (response rate, 76%).ConclusionPregnancy by TFR or treatment with IFN‐α could be a safe and feasible way for patients with CML. However, a substantial duration of treatment with a TKI before conception may be needed for planned pregnancy. Planning and evaluation for pregnancy should be considered at the time of CML onset for female patients with childbearing potential.
A phase 2, multicenter, clinical trial of CPX‐351 in older patients with secondary or high‐risk acute myeloid leukemia: PETHEMA‐LAMVYX
Authors: Rodríguez‐Arbolí Eduardo , Rodríguez‐Veiga Rebeca , Soria‐Saldise Elena , Bergua Juan M. , Caballero‐Velázquez Teresa , Arnán Montserrat , Vives Susana , Serrano Josefina , Bernal Teresa , Martínez‐Sánchez Pilar , Tormo Mar , Rodríguez‐Medina Carlos , Herrera‐Puente Pilar , Lavilla‐Rubira Esperanza , Boluda Blanca , Acuña‐Cruz Evelyn , Cano Isabel , Cáceres Sara , Ballesteros Juan , Falantes José , Martínez‐Cuadrón David , Pérez‐Simón José A. , Montesinos Pau ,   the PETHEMA Group
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundLAMVYX was a multicenter, single‐arm, phase 2 trial designed to validate the safety and efficacy of CPX‐351 in patients aged 60–75 years with newly diagnosed, secondary acute myeloid leukemia and to generate evidence on key issues not addressed in the preceding regulatory pivotal trial.MethodsThe primary end point of the study was the complete remission (CR)/CR with incomplete hematologic recovery (CRi) rate after induction. Eligible patients were recommended to undergo allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation after the first consolidation cycle. Alternatively, patients could undergo up to six maintenance cycles with CPX‐351.ResultsTwenty‐nine patients (49%; 95% exact confidence interval [CI], 37%–62%) patients achieved a CR/CRi after one or two cycles of induction, with a measurable residual disease negativity rate of 67% as assessed by centralized, multiparameter flow cytometry. Among patients who had serial next‐generation sequencing analyses available, clearance of somatic mutations that were present at diagnosis was achieved in 7 (35%). The median follow‐up among survivors was 16.8 months (range, 8.7–24.3 months). The median event‐free survival was 3.0 months (95% CI, 1.4–7.3 months), and the median overall survival was 7.4 months (95% CI, 3.7–12.7 months). In landmark analyses at day +100 from diagnosis, the 1‐year overall and event‐free survival rate among patients who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was 70% (95% CI, 47%–100%) and 70% (95% CI, 47%–100%), respectively. The corresponding values were 89% (95% CI, 71%–100%) and 44% (95% CI, 21%–92%), respectively, for patients who entered the maintenance phase. No significant longitudinal changes were observed in severity index or quality‐of‐life visual analog scale scores.ConclusionsThe current data provide novel insights that might inform the clinical positioning and optimal use of CPX‐351, complementing previous results (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04230239).