bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of the New Double-tube Laryngeal Mask and the Endotracheal Intubation for Gastroesophageal Reflux Radiofrequency Ablation under General Anesthesia:A Randomized, Prospective, and Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Wang Xinyue , Ran Tao , LI Wei , Yang Zhaoxia 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Bsckground

Stretta radiofrequency ablation therapy is a minimally invasive endoscopic anti-reflux procedure, which used to treat patients with gastroesophageal reflux.The operation has a longer time, greater stimulation, and higher requirements for anesthesia.The purpose of this trial To compare the safety and efficacy of the laryngeal mask airway and the endotracheal intubation in radiofrequency therapy under general anesthesia with GERD in adults.

Methods

30 patients (ASA grade I-II) with gastroesophageal reflux disease receiving radiofrequency therapy were randomly divided into the laryngeal mask group (L group) and the tracheal intubation group (T group). After pre--oxygenation, routine intravenous anesthesia was induced, the PLMA or ETT inserted, the cuff inflated. The proper depth of anesthesia was maintained during the operation. The time of successful placement of the radiofrequency catheter, MAP, HR, SPO2, PetCO2 and airway pressure at six time points, operation time, extubation time (time from the end of surgery to the extraction of the mask), endoscopic physician, patient satisfaction, the incidence of reflux aspiration, and the postoperative sore throat were recorded.

Results

The success rate of laryngeal mask catheterization was 100%. The successful placement time of radiofrequency catheter in the LMA group was significantly shorter than that in the ETT group. In the LMA group,the operation time and postoperative extubation time or the time to pull out laryngeal mask was shorter than in the ETT group. The satisfaction scores of patients and endoscopy doctor in the LMA group were better than in the ETT group. The HR and MAP in the ETT group were significantly higher than in the LMA group at T1 time point. The incidence of the postoperative sore throat was higher in the LMA group than in the ETT group. There was no significant difference in ventilation oxygenation between the two groups, and no adverse events such as reflux and aspiration occurred.

Conclusions

PLMA has the characteristics of simple operation, stable hemodynamics, and proper airway sealing function, can significantly shorten the operation time, and improve the perioperative comfort of patients and the satisfaction of endoscopists. It can effectively and safely replace ETT in the radiofrequency treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease.
High-resolution hydrologic forecasting for very large urban areas
Authors: Habibi Hamideh , Dasgupta Ishita , Noh Seongjin , Kim Sunghee , Zink Michael , Seo Dong-Jun , Bartos Matthew , Kerkez Branko 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
With continuing growth of urban populations worldwide, high-resolution hydrologic forecasting is an increasingly important hydroinformatics service for large urban areas. In the Dallas-Fort Worth (DFW) area, the Collaborative Adapting Sensing of Atmosphere (CASA) WX program has been providing real-time hydrologic products, such as rainfall and streamflow, at 1 min–500 m resolution using the NWS Research Hydrologic Distributed Model forced by the Quantitative Precipitation Estimate from a network of X-band weather radars. There is an increasing demand, however, for even higher-spatial resolution hydrologic products. In this paper, we assess the ability of the current streamflow product to capture the hydrologic response of urban catchments in the DFW area, the utility of ultrasonic distance sensors for real-time sensing of water level in urban streams, and the feasibility of higher-resolution operation using parallel processing and cloud computing. We show that the CASA WX streamflow product skillfully captures the stage and streamflow response from rainfall for the majority of the nine catchments studied, but that timing errors significantly deteriorate the quality of streamflow prediction for certain basins. Comparative evaluation of different computing models shows that a reduction in runtime of up to 34% is possible with parallel processing at 1 min–250 m resolution.
Ozone enhanced ceramic membrane filtration for wastewater recycling
Authors: Spencer P. , Domingos S. , Edwards B. , Howes D. , Shorney-Darby H. , Scheerman H. , Milton G. , Clement J. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The Water Corporation of Western Australia uses polymeric ultrafiltration (UF) membranes across a range of applications including surface waters with high natural organic matter (NOM), recycling of secondary treated wastewater and pre-treatment for seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO). These challenging raw water conditions require expensive chemical dosing and clean-in-place (CIP) regimes, high frequency of membrane replacement and reduced membrane life. The greater durability of ceramic membranes, with optimal ozone and coagulant dosing, offer a potential capital and operating advantage over polymeric UF membranes. The Water Corporation collaborated with PWN Technologies (PWNT) to establish a ceramic membrane pilot plant at the Beenyup Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP). Optimised performance of the pilot plant was established and compared with existing UF membranes treating secondary treated wastewater prior to reverse osmosis (RO) in an indirect potable wastewater recycling application. Findings show a sustainable flux rate of 150 L/m2/h is achievable with ceramic MF membranes while filtering secondary treated wastewater. Higher flux rates up to 250 L/m2/h have been tested and are possibly sustainable, however, other bottlenecks in the pilot plant (ozone generator capacity) prevented longer test runs at this flux. Comparable design flux rates for polymeric UF membranes are 50 L/m2/h.
Does the Acupoint Specificity Exist? Evidence from Functional Neuroimaging Studies
Authors: Qiu Ke , Yin Tao , Hong Xiaojuan , Sun Ruirui , He Zhaoxuan , Liu Xiaoyan , Ma Peihong , Yang Jie , Lan Lei , Li Zhengjie , Tang Chenjian , Cheng Shirui , Liang Fanrong , Zeng Fang 
Published: February 2019

Background:Using functional neuroimaging techniques to explore the central mechanism of acupoint specificity, the key of acupuncture theory and clinical practice, has attracted increasing attention worldwide. This review aimed to investigate the current status of functional neuroimaging studies on acupoint specificity and explore the potential influencing factors for the expression of acupoint specificity in neuroimaging studies.Methods:PubMed database was searched from January 1st, 1995 to December 31st, 2016 with the language restriction in English. Data including basic information, methodology and study results were extracted and analyzed from the eligible records.Results:Seventy-nine studies were finally enrolled. 65.8% of studies were performed in China, 73.4% of studies were conducted with healthy subjects, 77.2% of studies chose manual acupuncture as the intervention, 86.1% of studies focused on the instant efficacy and 89.9% of studies used functional magnetic resonance imaging as scanning technique. The average sample size was 16 per group. The comparison of verum acupoints and sham acupoints were the main body of acupoint specificity researches. 93.7% of studies obtained the positive results and favored the existence of acupoint specificity.Conclusion:This review affirmed the existence of acupoint specificity and deemed that the acupoint specificity was relative. Multiple factors such as participants, sample size, acupoint combinations, treatment courses, and types of acupoint could influence the expression of acupoint specificity.
Recent Advances and Molecular Pathway in Salivary Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma (Review)
Authors: Xu Laijun , Li Lingzhi , Zhao Shouliang , Liu Shangfeng 
Published: February 2019

Background:
Salivary Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma (ACC) is a malignant tumor located
at oral and maxillofacial regions, and its conventional treatments are surgery, chemotherapy and
radiotherapy. However, its poor survival rates and prognosis resulting from the molecular mechanisms
underlying the carcinogenesis remain obscure. To date, there are insufficient reviews to
summarize the genes and molecular pathways for ACC. Therefore, it is required for us to highlight
the main oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes and genetic signal transduction pathways associated
with ACC in this review.

Materials and Methods:
A literature review based on PubMed for the genetic characteristics and
molecular transduction pathways for ACC was conducted. Ninety articles were selected as references
using the search terms or keywords such as “genes, molecular pathways, salivary adenoid
cystic carcinoma or ACC”.

Results:
We have briefly described histopathology, current treatments and main clinical features
in ACC. Besides, we have also elaborated the associated genes and pathways in this review according
to the searched articles in recent years.

Conclusion:
We have summarized vital genes and proteins targeting or mechanism-based on proliferation,
apoptosis, invasion and metastasis. Although there are few kinds of research on ACC
currently exist, we expect that better detailed genetic studies would pave the way for promising
advancement in our understanding of the molecular biology and pathogenesis mechanisms underlying
tumors.
Reliability Estimation for Hybrid System under Constant-stress Partially Accelerated Life Test with Progressively Hybrid Censoring
Authors: Shi Xiaolin , Lu Pu , Shi Yimin 
Published: February 2019

Background:
Reliability analysis for the systems with masked data had been studied by
many scholars. However, most researches focused on a system that is either series or parallel only,
and the component in the system is mainly exponential or Weibull. In engineering practice, it is often
seen that the structure of a system is a combination of series and parallel system, and other types
of components are also used in the system. So it is important to study the reliability analysis of hybrid
systems with modified Weibull components.

Objective:
For the hybrid system with masked data, the constant stress partial accelerated life test is
performed under type-II progressive hybrid censoring. These data from life test are used to estimate
unknown parameters and reliability index of system. The research results will not only provide theoretical
basis and reference for system reliability assessment but also favor the patents on partial accelerated
life test.

Methods:
Maximum likelihood estimates of unknown parameters are investigated with the numerical
method. The approximate confidence intervals, and bootstrap confidence intervals for parameters
are constructed by the asymptotic theory and the bootstrap method, respectively.

Results:
Maximum likelihood estimations of unknown parameters and reliability index of system
are derived. The approximate confidence intervals and bootstrap confidence intervals for unknown
parameters are proposed. The performance of estimation of unknown parameters and reliability index
are evaluated numerically through Monte Carlo method.

Conclusion:
The performance on maximum likelihood estimation method is effective and satisfying.
For the confidence intervals of parameters, bootstrap method outperforms the approximate method.
Non-redundant Spherical Near-Field to Far-Field Transformation for a Volumetric Antenna in Offset Configuration
Authors: D’Agostino Francesco , Ferrara Flaminio , Gennarelli Claudio , Guerriero Rocco , Migliozzi Massimo 
Published: February 2019

Background:
The development of fast Near-Field (NF) measurement techniques allowing the precise determination of the Far-Field (FF) radiation features of an antenna is becoming more and more challenging nowadays.

Objective:
The goal of the article is the development of an NF To FF Transformation (NFTFFT) with spherical scan for offset mounted volumetric Antennas Under Tests (AUTs) requiring, unlike the classical technique, a reduced set of NF data, that is of the same amount as for the onset mounting case, thus making data gathering faster. In fact, the number of NF data needed by the standard approach may considerably increase in this case, since the size of the smallest sphere surrounding the AUT and centered at the center of the measurement sphere rises.

Methods:
This goal has been achieved by profitably exploiting the non-redundant sampling representation of electromagnetic field and assuming a volumetric AUT as contained in a sphere. An optimal sampling interpolation algorithm is then employed to precisely reconstruct the input NF data for the traditional spherical NFTFFT from the reduced set of the collected ones.

Conclusion:
The numerical simulations and experimental tests demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed approach accounting for an offset mounting of the AUT.
Liquid-Liquid-Solid Equillibrium of Water + 2-propanol + Kosmotropic Salts: Construction of Phase Diagrams and Understanding of Salting-out Effects Using Volumetric and Compressibility Studies
Authors: Jadhav Vidhya , Mane-Gavade Shubhangi , Kumbhar Rajendra , Kolekar Sanjay , Tamhankar Bhaskar , Sabale Sandip 
Published: February 2019

Background:
Triangular phase diagrams are important to understand the phase
behaviors in ternary systems. The salting out of alcohol from water by kosmotropic salt has
long been known, but the molecular interactions and the mechanism of bond breaking and
making processes has not yet been fully understood.

Objective:
To understand the salting-out of 2-propanol from water using kosmotropic salts
(Na2S2O3, Na2SO4 and Na2SO3). To study the phase equilibria of liquid-liquid, liquid-solid
and liquid-liquid-solid system by constructing ternary phase diagrams. To determine the
solute-solute, solute-solvent, and solvent-solvent molecular interactions to resolve the salting-
out effect.

Methods:
The solubility data of Na2S2O3/Na2SO4/Na2SO3 salts have been reported in pure
water, 2-propanol and water + 2-propanol mixtures in different concentrations at 298.15 ±
1 K. The ternary phase diagrams have been constructed from the obtained solubility data.
The volumetric and acoustic data of binary and ternary systems of water + 2-propanol, water
+ salt and water + 2-propanol + salt has been determined using density meter and interferometer.

Results:
The ternary phase diagrams have been constructed for water+2-propanol+
Na2S2O3/Na2SO4/Na2SO3 system. The rise in sound velocity signifies more structural interactions
in binary water-alcohol and water-salt systems, while the relation is rather change
with the ternary system, as the water-alcohol sheath will be broken by the kosmotropic salt
which results in to salt-water sheath.

Conclusion:
The density, sound velocity and adiabatic compressibility results suggest that phase separation phenomenon is due to the bond breaking and bond making process along
with hydrophobic hydration and hydrophobic interactions. The anion S2O32-, SO42- and SO3 2- promote salting-out effect and the strength of these effects decreases in the order
S2O32->SO42->SO32-.
An Energy Efficient Routing Protocol Based On New Variable Data Packet (VDP) Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Chandrawanshi Veervrat Singh , Tripathi Rajiv Kumar , Pachauri Rahul , Khan Nafis Uddin 
Published: February 2019

Background:Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) refer to a group of sensors used for sensing and monitoring the physical data of the environment and organizing the collected data at a central location. These networks enjoy several benefits because of their lower cost, smaller size and smarter sensors. However, a limited source of energy and lifetime of the sensors have emerged as the major setbacks for these networks.Methods:In this work, an energy-aware algorithm has been proposed for the transmission of variable data packets from sensor nodes to the base station according to the balanced energy consumption by all the nodes of a WSN.Results:Obtained simulation results verify that the lifetime of the sensor network is significantly enhanced in comparison to other existing clustering based routing algorithm.Conclusion:The proposed algorithm is comparatively easy to implement and achieves a higher gain in the lifetime of a WSN while keeping the throughput nearly same as LEACH protocol.
Complexity and Nesting Evolution in Open Source Software Systems: Experimental Study
Authors: Alenezi Mamdouh , Zarour Mohammad , Akour Mohammed 
Published: February 2019

Background:
Software complexity affects its quality; a complex software is not only difficult
to read, maintain and less efficient, but it also can be less secure with many vulnerabilities.
Complexity metrics, e.g. cyclomatic complexity and nesting levels, are commonly used to predict
and benchmark software cost and efficiency. Complexity metrics are also used to decide if code refactoring
is needed.

Objective:
Software systems with high complexity need more time to develop and test and may lead
to bad understandability and more errors. Nesting level in the target structure may result in developing
more complex software in what is so-called the nesting problem. Nesting problem should be
shortened by rewriting the code or breaking into several functional procedures.

Method:
In this paper, the relationship between the nesting levels, the cyclomatic complexity, and
lines of code (LOC) metrics are measured through several software releases. In order to address how
strong a relationship between these factors with the nesting level, correlation coefficients are calculated.
Moreover, to examine to what extent the developers are aware of and tackle the nesting problem,
the evolution of nesting levels for ten releases of five open sources systems is studied to see if it
is improving over successive versions or not.

Results:
The result shows that the nesting level has variant effects on the cyclomatic complexity and
SLOC for the five studied systems.

Conclusion:
nesting level has the tendency to have a positive correlation with other factors (cyclomatic
complexity and LOC).
¿Cívica o comercial? Paradojas de la idea de sociedad civil en Ferguson
Authors: Wences Simon Isabel 
Published: February 2019

<p>En este artículo, se analizan algunas características de la idea de sociedad civil en el pensamiento del ilustrado escocés Adam Ferguson. Enmarcado en el clásico dilema del binomio virtud cívica/sociedad comercial, el filósofo defiende que no debe reducirse lo "civil" de la sociedad al plano económico, sino que es necesario contemplar también las dimensiones política y ética de los ciudadanos. Si se excluyen estas dimensiones las consecuencias sociopolíticas, entre ellas la corrupción política y el despotismo, pueden ser devastadoras para el hombre y para la sociedad. La autora del artículo considera que esta propuesta ofrece herramientas teóricas para el actual debate que en materia de sociedad civil se está llevando a cabo entre los actores sociales que reivindican principios de la tradición republicana la liberta política y la virtud cívica y aquellos que defienden núcleos fundamentales de la tradición liberal el mercado como instancia fundamental de la sociedad civil.</p>
Debates presidenciales y democracia en México. Desempeño de los candidatos en los debates presidenciales del 2006
Authors: Echeverría Victoria Martín 
Published: February 2019

<p> </p><p>　</p><p><span style="font-size: small; color: #221e1f;"><p><span style="font-size: small; color: #221e1f;">En este trabajo se discute el valor del formato del debate presidencial desde el punto de vista democrático y se analizan los problemas que éste adquiere al ser mediatizado en aspectos tales como espectacularización, personalización, fragmentación, simplicidad etc., así como las ventajas que también supone dicha mediatización. En una segunda sección, el autor expone los resultados de un análisis de contenido aplicado a los dos debates presidenciales que se efectuaron en la elección mexicana de 2006, explicando la metodología utilizada y los hallazgos que de ella se desprenden. </span></p></span></p>
La Ley Televisa y la formación de la IV República mediática en México
Authors: Esteinou Madrid Javier 
Published: February 2019

<p class="Pa41">En este artículo, el autor examina la conformación, organización y funcionamiento de lo que ha denomina­do el <em>poder mediático </em>a principios del siglo xxi, el cual que se sumaría a los tres poderes formales divididos y autónomos del Estado mexicano (Ejecutivo, Legislativo y Judicial). Sostiene que <em>el poder mediático </em>ha conquis­tado tales cuotas de influencia que lo han convertido en el <em>poder del poder </em>que progresivamente subordina y presiona al resto de los tres constitucionales para some­terlos a su voluntad mediático-empresarial e imponer su proyecto de construcción social, económica, política y humana. Finalmente, se hace un llamado para que el Congreso de la Unión realice una profunda reforma del Estado que ubique a los poderes fácticos comunicativos bajo el diseño y el espíritu de la Constitución Política mexicana para crear una nueva relación sana entre medios, Estado y sociedad. </p>
Claves para una reforma electoral democrática: La comunicación política en México. ¿Espacio de visibilidad o invisibilidad de las mujeres?
Authors: Vega Montiel Aimée 
Published: February 2019

<p><span style="font-size: small; color: #221e1f;"><span style="font-size: small; color: #221e1f;">En este artículo, la autora analiza la relación entre las mujeres y la comunicación política para determinar si es éste un espacio que promueve o no la visibilidad de su ciudadanía, es decir, si se trata de un espacio plural o androcéntrico. </span></span><p> </p></p>
Medios de comunicación y procesos electorales. Los monitoreos de medios
Authors: Berlín Villafaña Irving 
Published: February 2019

<p><span style="font-size: small; color: #221e1f;"><span style="font-size: small; color: #221e1f;">Este artículo revisa las principales acciones de monitoreo de medios en América Latina y resalta las prácticas de observación durante los procesos electorales, especialmente en el caso mexicano. Se cuestiona el uso de protocolos de observación limitados a la medición de ausencias o presencias de actores y temas en los diferentes medios, que fueron muy útiles en los tiempos del control informativo, pero no lo son tanto en el contexto actual de saturación informativa e hipermediática. </span></span><p> </p></p>