bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ex vivo Dynamics of Human Glioblastoma Cells in a Microvasculature‐on‐a‐Chip System Correlates with Tumor Heterogeneity and Subtypes
Authors: Xiao Yang , Kim Dongjoo , Dura Burak , Zhang Kerou , Yan Runchen , Li Huamin , Han Edward , Ip Joshua , Zou Pan , Liu Jun , Chen Ann Tai , Vortmeyer Alexander O. , Zhou Jiangbing , Fan Rong 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe perivascular niche (PVN) plays an essential role in brain tumor stem‐like cell (BTSC) fate control, tumor invasion, and therapeutic resistance. Here, a microvasculature‐on‐a‐chip system as a PVN model is used to evaluate the ex vivo dynamics of BTSCs from ten glioblastoma patients. BTSCs are found to preferentially localize in the perivascular zone, where they exhibit either the lowest motility, as in quiescent cells, or the highest motility, as in the invasive phenotype, with migration over long distance. These results indicate that PVN is a niche for BTSCs, while the microvascular tracks may serve as a path for tumor cell migration. The degree of colocalization between tumor cells and microvessels varies significantly across patients. To validate these results, single‐cell transcriptome sequencing (10 patients and 21 750 single cells in total) is performed to identify tumor cell subtypes. The colocalization coefficient is found to positively correlate with proneural (stem‐like) or mesenchymal (invasive) but not classical (proliferative) tumor cells. Furthermore, a gene signature profile including PDGFRA correlates strongly with the “homing” of tumor cells to the PVN. These findings demonstrate that the model can recapitulate in vivo tumor cell dynamics and heterogeneity, representing a new route to study patient‐specific tumor cell functions.
Thermodynamic and molecular insights into the absorption of H2S, CO2, and CH4 in choline chloride plus urea mixtures
Authors: Liu Fujian , Chen Wei , Mi Jinxing , Zhang Jia‐Yin , Kan Xun , Zhong Fu‐Yu , Huang Kuan , Zheng An‐Min , Jiang Lilong 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDeep eutectic solvents (DESs) are a class of promising media for gas separation. In order to examine the potential application of DESs for natural gas upgrading, the solubilities of H2S, CO2, and CH4 in choline chloride (ChCl) plus urea mixtures were measured in this work. The solubility data were correlated with Henry's law equation to calculate the thermodynamic properties of gas absorption processes, such as Henry's constants and enthalpy changes. Grand‐canonical Monte Carlo simulations and quantum chemistry calculations were also performed to examine the mechanism of gas absorption processes. It is found that the absorption of H2S in ChCl + urea mixtures is governed by the hydrogen‐bond interaction between Cl of ChCl and H of H2S, whereas the absorption of CO2 and CH4 in ChCl+urea mixtures is governed by the free volume of solvents. Based on the different behavior of gas absorption, high H2S/CO2, H2S/CH4, and CO2/CH4 selectivities can be achieved by adjusting the ratio of ChCl/urea in mixtures.
Biomechanical control of beech pole verticality (Fagus sylvatica) before and after thinning: theoretical modelling and ground‐truth data using terrestrial LiDAR
Authors: Noyer Estelle , Fournier Mériem , Constant Thiéry , Collet Catherine , Dlouhá Jana 
Published: February 2019

Premise of the StudyThinning is a frequent disturbance in managed forests, especially to increase radial growth. Due to buckling and bending risk associated with height and mass growth, tree verticality is strongly constrained in slender trees growing in dense forests and poor light conditions. Tree verticality is controlled by uprighting movements implemented from local curvatures induced by wood maturation stresses and/or eccentric radial growth. This study presents the first attempt to compare the real uprighting movements in mature trees using a theoretical model of posture control.MethodsStem lean and curvature were measured by Terrestrial LiDAR Scanner (TLS) technology before and 6 years after thinning and compared to unthinned control poles. Measures for several tree and wood traits were pooled together to implement a widely used biomechanical model of tree posture control. Changes in observed stem lean were then compared with the model predictions, and discrepancies were reviewed.Key ResultsEven under a highly constrained environment, most control poles were able to counterbalance gravitational curvature and avoid sagging. Thinning stimulated uprighting movements. The theoretical uprighting curvature rate increased just after thinning, then slowed after 2 years, likely due to the stem diameter increase. The biomechanical model overestimated the magnitude of uprighting.ConclusionsMost suppressed beech poles maintain a constant lean angle, and uprighting movements occur after thinning, indicating that stem lean is plastic in response to light conditions. Acclimation of posture control to other changes in growth condition should be investigated, and lean angles should be measured in forest inventories as an indicator of future wood quality.
Influenza‐associated septic shock accompanied by septic cardiomyopathy that developed in summer and mimicked fulminant myocarditis
Authors: Fujioka Masaki , Suzuki Kei , Iwashita Yoshiaki , Imanaka‐Yoshida Kyoko , Ito Masaaki , Katayama Naoyuki , Imai Hiroshi 
Published: February 2019

CaseFulminant myocarditis (FM) and septic cardiomyopathy (SC) are two different disease entities, and distinction between them is important. A 34‐year‐old man had refractory shock, multiple organ failure, and elevation of cardiogenic markers. Echocardiogram showed tachycardia with extended ST elevation, and a rapid test for influenza A virus was positive. He was admitted with suspected FM induced by influenza.OutcomeEchocardiography showed severe left ventricular dysfunction and dilatation, but no myocardial edema. Inconsistent with FM, a right heart catheter examination showed preserved cardiac output. Therefore, SC was considered and standard therapy for septic shock was initiated. He was stabilized in the first 72 h without mechanical circulatory support.ConclusionInfluenza A infection can cause septic shock accompanied by SC. This condition is confusing in the clinical appearance of FM. However, SC shows critically different features of FM, and it might not occur in the epidemic period.
Quantum Key Distribution Protocol Optimization
Authors: Tannous Charbel , Langlois Jacques 
Published: February 2019

AbstractQuantum key distribution is a practically implementable cryptographic communication methodology from the hardware and software point of view. It is an information‐theoretic secure method for transmitting keys to remote partners practicing quantum communication. After examining various protocols from the most basic on, BBM92, DPSK, SARG04 and MDI (Measurement Device Independent) protocols are described in view of targeting the longest possible communication distance with the highest secret key bitrate. How any protocol can be optimized with respect to distance is discussed by analyzing the various steps impacting hardware and software that are developed, starting from the underlying assumptions proper to every protocol and ending with the corresponding performance in each case.
Fast Hybrid Quantum State Transfer and Entanglement Generation via No Transition Passage
Authors: Zhou Jian , Li Sai , Chen Tao , Xue Zheng‐Yuan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractQuantum information processing requires information or entanglement that can be transferred or distributed from one location to another with high fidelity. Here, a scheme for faithful quantum state transfer and entanglement generation based on the hybrid opto‐electro‐mechanical (OEM) systems in a fast and deterministic way is proposed. By applying invariant‐based inverse engineering to the interaction Hamiltonian, the couplings in the OEM system can be controlled by asynchronized driving fields, which is convenient to be realized in practice. Taking the systematic decoherence into consideration, the numerical simulation shows that the scheme can be implemented with less time and high fidelity. Therefore, the scheme provides a promising way for robust on‐chip converting of low‐frequency electrical signal into much higher‐frequency optical signal, and thus enabling large‐scale quantum information networks to grow in size and complexity.
Strained 2D Layered Materials and Heterojunctions
Authors: Huang Tiantian , Wei Wei , Chen Xin , Dai Ning 
Published: February 2019

Abstract2D layered materials and heterojunctions with excellent ductility and controllable atomic‐layer thicknesses have shown promise for use in advanced electronics and optical functional devices. Tailoring of nanoscale configurations and physical properties is essential and required for bespoke fabrication of advanced devices based on 2D materials. Due to the high strain tolerance of 2D layered materials, strain engineering is an effective method to tune their behaviors of electrons and phonons. A wide variety of 2D materials are available with tunable bandgaps from interface coupling effects, making 2D layered heterojunctions a versatile platform for understanding fundamental physical issues. Most physical properties and functional applications can be tailored by applying strain to 2D layered materials and heterostructures to realize a scheduled target in carrier concentration, mobility, and barrier height. Herein, the latest research on the roles of strain in modulating the physical properties of 2D layered materials and heterojunctions is introduced, focusing on the physical properties behind strain modulation in 2D materials. Understanding and manipulating strain in 2D layered materials and heterojunctions is important and beneficial for creating tunable electronic and optoelectronic constructions with advanced components, including functional flexible and wearable devices.
Polyfunctional Bis‐Lewis‐Acid‐/Bis‐Triazolium Catalysts for Stereoselective 1,4‐Additions of 2‐Oxindoles to Maleimides
Authors: Schmid Juliane , Junge Thorsten , Lang Johannes , Frey Wolfgang , Peters René 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAchieving enzyme‐like catalytic activity and stereoselectivity without the typically high substrate specificity of enzymes is a challenge in the development of artificial catalysts for asymmetric synthesis. Polyfunctional catalysts are considered to be a promising tool for achieving excellent catalytic efficiency. A polyfunctional catalyst system was developed, which incorporates two Lewis acidic/Brønsted basic cobalt centers in combination with triazolium moieties that are crucial for high reactivity and excellent stereoselectivity in the direct 1,4‐addition of oxindoles to maleimides. The catalyst is assembled through click chemistry and is readily recyclable through precipitation by making use of its charges. Kinetic studies support a cooperative mode of action. Diastereodivergency is achievable with either Boc‐protected or unprotected maleimide.
Complex Relationships of Smoking, HLA–DRB1 Genes, and Serologic Profiles in Patients With Early Rheumatoid Arthritis: Update From a Swedish Population‐Based Case–Control Study
Authors: Hedström Anna Karin , Rönnelid Johan , Klareskog Lars , Alfredsson Lars 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveSmoking is associated with an increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in subsets of patients defined according to the presence or absence of anti–citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) and rheumatoid factors (RFs). Moreover, an interaction between smoking and the HLA–DRB1 shared epitope (SE) has been demonstrated to be a risk factor for seropositive RA. The aim of this study was to investigate the interplay between smoking and the HLA–DRB1 SE with regard to risk of RA in different patient subsets based on ACPA and RF status.MethodsIncident cases of RA (3,645 cases, 5,883 matched controls) were divided into 4 subgroups based on the presence or absence of RF and anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide 2 (anti‐CCP2) antibodies. The influence of smoking on the risk of disease was determined in each RA subgroup, using logistic regression models with calculation of odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). The potential interaction between smoking and HLA–DRB1 SE genes was evaluated by calculating the attributable proportion due to interaction (AP).ResultsIn the RF+/anti‐CCP2+ subset of RA patients, both smoking and the presence of the HLA–DRB1 SE conferred independent disease risks, and there was a strong interaction between the 2 risk factors (AP 0.4, 95% CI 0.3, 0.5). In the RF−/anti‐CCP2+ patient subset, the HLA–DRB1 SE conferred an increased risk of RA, whereas the independent influence of smoking was limited. However, there was a significant interaction between the HLA–DRB1 SE and smoking (AP 0.2, 95% CI 0.02, 0.5). In the RF+/anti‐CCP2− patient subset, there was an increased risk of disease among smokers, which was only marginally affected by the presence of the HLA–DRB1 SE, and no interaction between the 2 factors was observed (AP 0.002, 95% CI −0.3, 0.3). In the RF−/anti‐CCP2− patient subset, neither smoking nor the presence of the HLA–DRB1 SE conferred an increased risk of RA.ConclusionThese findings demonstrate different effects of smoking and HLA–DRB1 in the 4 serologically defined RA subsets.
Managing a hybrid energy smart grid with a renewable energy source
Authors: Chakir Houssam Eddine , Hamid Ouadi , Fouad Giri 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe aim of this work is to develop tools for optimal power flow management control in a micro grid (MG). The latter consists of a wind turbine, energy storage system, two gas turbines (GTs), and the main grid. Unlike the traditional approach, which is limited to the distribution of active power, this paper models an electrical system to coordinate and optimize the flow of both active and reactive power using discrete controls. The proposed optimal power distribution strategy has two objectives. First, it aims at forecasting over a time horizon of 24 hours the optimal distribution of the active and reactive power required for each power source connected to the MG. The proposed management incorporates the forecasts of consumption, weather, and tariffs. Second, it aims at reducing the CO2 emissions rate by optimizing both the operating point of the two GTs and the usage of the storage unit. The proposed optimization problem for the energy management system is solved using the Bellman algorithm through dynamic programming. Its effectiveness is illustrated with various simulations carried out in the Matlab environment. The supremacy of the proposed management algorithm is highlighted by comparing its performance with conventional (restricted) management.
Optimal fractional order PIλDμ controller for stabilization of cart‐inverted pendulum system: Experimental results
Authors: Mondal Reetam , Chakraborty Arindam , Dey Jayati , Halder Suman 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe cart‐inverted pendulum is a non‐minimum phase system having right half s‐plane pole and zero in close vicinity to each other. Linear time invariant (LTI) classical controllers cannot achieve satisfactory loop robustness for such systems. Therefore, in the present work the fractional order PIλDμ (FOPID) controller is addressed for robust stabilization of the system, since fractional order controller design allows more degrees of freedom compared to its integer order counterparts by virtue of its two parameters λ and μ. The controller parameters are tuned by three evolutionary optimization techniques. In order to select the controller parameters optimally, a novel non‐linear fitness function using integral time square error (ITSE), settling‐time, and rise time is proposed here. The control algorithm is implemented successfully in real‐time. Moreover, stability analysis of the system compensated with a fractional order controller is presented using Riemann surface. Robustness of the physical cart‐inverted pendulum system towards multiplicative gain variations and plant parameter variations is verified. In this regard, it is shown that the fractional order controller provides satisfactory robust performance in both simulation and real‐time system.
Process design and economic evaluation of integrated, multi‐product biorefineries for the co‐production of bio‐energy, succinic acid, and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) from sugarcane bagasse and trash lignocelluloses
Authors: Nieder‐Heitmann Mieke , Haigh Kathleen , Görgens Johann F. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis study investigates whether a biorefinery, annexed to an existing sugar mill and co‐producing succinic acid, polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), and electricity from sugarcane bagasse and trash lignocelluloses, will be a viable investment opportunity for existing sugarcane mills. Four scenarios were simulated in Aspen Plus® and were included in the economic analysis. Scenario A involved the production of PHB and electricity; Scenario B the production of PHB, succinic acid, and electricity; Scenario C the production of succinic acid and electricity; and Scenario D involved the production of electricity only. The most favorable configuration was found for Scenario B where PHB was produced from 25% of the fermentable glucose stream, and succinic acid from the hemicellulose hydrolysate together with 75% of the glucose, resulting in an internal rate of return (IRR) of 24.1% with a net present value of US$477.2 million. Alternatively, Scenario D could be selected if low capital (130.1 million US$) and operational costs (US$13.2 million) are desired, although weak returns (IRR 10.3% and net present value of US$6.08 million) were observed for an electricity price of 0.08 US$ kWh−1. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Influence of pH and micellar systems on the sensitized photo‐oxidation of bovine serum albumin
Authors: Reynoso Eugenia , Cacciari R. Daniel , Suchetti Carlos A. , Montejano Hernán A. , Biasutti M. Alicia 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPhotosensitized oxidation of bovine serum albumin (BSA), by using perinaphtenone as a sensitizer, has been studied at pH 7.4 and 11. The selected sensitizer does not present ground‐state complexation with BSA and ensures that the mechanism is mediated by O2(1△g). Strong dependence between BSA–O2(1△g) photo‐oxidation and the pH of the medium has been found. The relative oxygen uptake rate (v− △ O2) and the total quenching rate constant (kt) values are higher at pH 11 than pH 7.4. The enhancement in the alkaline condition is due to conformational changes in the protein and the reactivity of tyrosinate anion with O2(1△g). Even when the tendency with the pH in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles is similar to that observed in homogeneous media, an increment on the kt value is detected. This effect may be attributable to the strong interaction of BSA–SDS, which leads to the protein unfolding and could leave more exposed photo‐oxidizable amino acids. A protective effect against the O2(1△g)‐mediated photo‐oxidation was observed in reverse micelles (RMs) of sodium bis(2‐ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (AOT) by comparing the kt values obtained at W = 10 with respect to the one obtain in homogeneous media. The latter could be mainly explained by the modification in the solvent polarity. Also, another important observation was found, the internal pH inside RMs of AOT sensed through tyrosine absorption was independent of the one used for the formation of the water pool. Hence, the kt values observed at both pH, are quite similar.
A Research‐inspired biochemistry laboratory module–combining expression, purification, crystallization, structure‐solving, and characterization of a flavodoxin‐like protein
Authors: Hammerstad Marta , Røhr Åsmund K. , Hersleth Hans‐Petter 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMany laboratory courses consist of short and seemingly unconnected individual laboratory exercises. To increase the course consistency, relevance, and student engagement, we have developed a research‐inspired and project‐based module, “From Gene to Structure and Function”. This 2.5‐week full‐day biochemistry and structural biology module covers protein expression, purification, structure solving, and characterization. The module is centered around the flavodoxin‐like protein NrdI, involved in the activation of the bacterial ribonucleotide reductase enzyme system. Through an in‐depth focus on one specific protein, the students will learn the basic laboratory skills needed in order to generate a broader knowledge and breadth within the field. With respect to generic skills, the students report their findings as a scientific article, with the aim to learn to present concise research results and write scientific papers. The current research‐inspired project has the potential of being further developed into a more discovery‐driven project and extended to include other molecular biological techniques or biochemical/biophysical characterizations. In student evaluations, this research‐inspired laboratory course has received very high ratings and been highly appreciated, where the students have gained research experience for more independent future work in the laboratory. © 2019 The Authors. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 47(3):318–332, 2019.
Factors for succeeding in ISO 14001 implementation in Italian construction industry
Authors: Chiarini Andrea 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe main aim of this research is to find the most relevant factors for a successful ISO 14001 implementation in the construction industry. Thousands of companies, including those in the construction industry, are interested in an ISO 14001 environmental management system (EMS). Italy holds one of the largest databases of ISO 14001 certified organisations; in this database, the construction industry represents the second largest sector. Using a questionnaire, the research tested six potential factors that affect the success of an ISO 14001 EMS implementation. Moreover, the quantitative results were discussed together with qualitative notes left by respondents.The results showed that only three out of the six factors really affect ISO 14001 EMS implementation in the construction industry: involvement of employees, top management commitment, and development of environmental technical skills. It seems that the respondents perceived that economic and financial results, identification of environmental aspects and impacts, and the involvement of stakeholders have a limited or null effect on ISO 14001 implementation. Particular issues concerning developing workers' awareness, evaluating all the environmental impacts, and obtaining real economic advantages were raised in the respondents' comments. Conclusions highlight specific contributions for practitioners and other stakeholders involved in EMS.