bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Author Response to Peck (2018), “Questionable Use of ‘Nonorganic’ in ‘Estimating Nonorganic Hearing Thresholds’”
Authors: Norrix Linda W. , Muller Thomas 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this letter is to respond to Dr. Peck's (2018) letter to the editor regarding the use of the term “nonorganic” to describe hearing loss, demonstrated by the pure tone audiogram that cannot be explained or is greater than what can be explained by a physiological auditory disorder.

Conclusions
We prefer the term “nonorganic” rather than the term “false and exaggerated hearing loss.” “Nonorganic,” in our view, is a nonjudgmental term and, as stated by Austen and Lynch (2004), implies “as little as possible about its cause” (p. 450).
Dynamic comfort inside the building during pedestrian traffic
Authors: Mkrtychev Oleg 
Published: September 2018

Dynamic comfort of people inside buildings and structures has been studied in the works of [1, 2], but these works cover only industrial, manufacturing, and sports facilities. Currently, public (exhibition centers, shopping malls, etc.) and residential buildings and structures are challenged with providing dynamic comfort as well. This is due to the possibility of using high-strength and lightweight materials in construction, making the building more sensitive to dynamic effects.
The main purpose of the dynamic comfort analysis is to remove vibrations or reduce such vibrations to an acceptable level stipulated in the regulations.
A source of vibrations can be external (underground and surface transport, construction work, etc.) and internal (equipment at factories, workshops, etc.). One of the internal factors are dynamic vibrations from pedestrian traffic.
New reinforcement structures of reinforced concrete floor slabs and their technical and economic efficiency
Authors: Serbinovskiy Pavel , Mailyan Dmitry , Serbinovskiy Andrey 
Published: September 2018

The article deals with the new reinforcement structures of reinforced hollow core slabs, their advantages and disadvantages. Thearticle analyses their technical and economic efficiency.
Along with the new construction, the reconstruction and the total renovation of existing buildings are being actively carried out. The given works are produced both for defectselimination of building structures, and for buildings re-profiling, which causes loads increase on the floors. Therefore, issues related to the reinforcement of building structures are getting more and more urgent [1-4]. Here, it is worth paying special attention to the prefabricated reinforced concrete structures.
Several types of reinforcement structures for these slabs have been developed and patented [5-15]. Based on these patents, four (4) basic types of reinforcement structures were developed. In the first type, the reinforcement bar is located below the hollowness of the slab. In the second type, the reinforcement bar is located in a slot punched between the bottom of the hollowness and the bed of the slab. In the third type, the reinforcement bar is located under the bed of the slab. In the fourth type, the reinforcement bar is located at a certain distance from the bed of the slab in a monolithic rib, connected with the hollowness of the slab. The technical characteristics of reinforcement were checked and confirmed experimentally on full-scale samples. For the experiment, five series of slabs PC-42.12-6T were manufactured on the basis of the working drawings of the series 1.141-1 at.60, one series for each type of reinforcement and one for testing without reinforcement.
Low Pass-rate in postgraduate surgical examination in Nigeria and its contribution to the low surgeon workforce in the country; a review article
Authors: Ajah Jonathan L. 
Published: September 2018

Surgical postgraduate examiners and examinees in Nigeria complain of the low pass rate at all levels of the postgraduate surgical training examinations to which several factors are contributing. For several years there has been being a persistently low surgeon workforce in the country despite having two surgeon producing institutions been for at least 37 years. A review of the probable causes was carried out to shed more light on the matter. At the time of writing there are 52 National Postgraduate Medical College of Nigeria (NPMCN) and 46 West African College of Surgeons (WACS) accredited post graduate surgery training programs in Nigeria compared with 99 in the United Kingdom (UK) and 1056 in the United States (US). Based on available data Nigeria has approximately 572 surgery residency training slots yearly compared with approximately 646 in the UK and 4225 in the US. Examination pass rate was less than 40% for primary WACS compared with 98% pass rate in USMLE (United States Medical Licensing Examination) 3, pass rate at part I was 28.8% for WACS compared with 37% at MRCS (Membership Royal College of Surgeons) part A and 57% for MRCS part B. For the exit examination or part II WACS pass rate was 31.5% (general surgery) while it was 64% for Fellowship Royal College of Surgeons (FRCS) cumulative and 70% in the American board of surgery (ABS). Surgeon per 100 000 population was 0.69 for Nigeria compared with 11.7 and 25.6 for the UK and US respectively. In the last 35 years WACS has produced 1638 surgeons (2.8 times more than NPMCN) in surgery and NPMCN has produced 572. The frequency of examination were twice per year for both WACS and NPMCN examinations, 3 times per year for the USMLE step 3, MRCS (A & B) and Fellowship Royal College of Surgeons (FRCS) general surgery. The American Board of Surgery (ABS) is once per year for Qualifying Examination (QE) and 5 times per year for Certifying Examination (CE).
Weiterbildung in der Anästhesie nach Novellierung der Musterweiterbildungsordnung
Authors: Quandt Christina , Koppert Wolfgang 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungSchlichtungsstellen für Arzthaftpflichtfragen bieten Patienten, Ärzten und Versicherern eine Möglichkeit, Arzthaftungsstreitigkeiten außergerichtlich zu klären. In der Rubrik „Fälle der Schlichtungsstelle“ stellen wir abgeschlossene Fälle aus der Schlichtungsstelle für Arzthaftpflichtfragen der norddeutschen Ärztekammern vor.
Antibody-Associated Autoimmune Encephalitis and Epilepsies in Children
Authors: Govil Tuhina , Williams Mitchel 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAutoimmune causes of epilepsy have become an increasingly recognized etiology, especially in treatment refractory cases. Over the past two decades, there has been an explosion of new biomarkers that have led to the identification of new syndromes. As the underlying pathophysiology is immune driven, their management and treatment are directed at the modulation of this abnormal immune response against self-antigens. These antibody-specific syndromes show variation between adult and pediatric populations. We focus this review article on those identified autoimmune encephalopathies and epilepsies and clinical differences between them as well as age-related variations that have been reported.
Electroencephalography Findings in Autoimmune and Neuroinflammation-Related Epilepsies
Authors: Kim Jeong-A , Albert Dara , Weber Amanda 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAutoimmune epilepsy occurs in association with localized central nervous system or systemic immune-mediated inflammation. Traditional anticonvulsant medications are frequently ineffective, and alternative approaches including immunomodulatory agents may be required. Identification of patients with autoimmune epilepsy may be challenging due to the variability of presentation and normal or nonspecific diagnostic results. Electroencephalography (EEG) features tend to include patterns of encephalopathy, generalized or focal interictal epileptiform abnormalities, or status epilepticus. Occasionally, specific EEG features may lend insight into the diagnosis. In this review article, we discuss EEG features of several suspected or proven immune-mediated pediatric epilepsies, including Rasmussen's encephalitis, idiopathic hemiconvulsion-hemiplegia syndrome, febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome, epilepsies associated with autoantibodies to neuronal surface or intracellular antigens, and other systemic autoimmune diseases.
Glutton: a tool for generating structural ensembles of partly disordered proteins from chemical shifts
Authors: He Yi , Nagpal Suhani , Sadqi Mourad , de Alba Eva , Muñoz Victor 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Motivation
Many proteins are partially disordered in physiological conditions and only fold, fully or partially, upon binding. Their structural analysis is challenging because the accessible information, typically chemical shifts (CS) from nuclear magnetic resonance experiments, are averages over broad ensembles of conformations. We aim to develop a database for the analysis of such data in terms of conformational distributions of the protein backbone rather than of individual high-resolution structures.

Results
Glutton is the largest available database linking CS and protein 3D structures (5270 entries organized in three levels) and is searchable via a python script. It generates statistical distributions of ϕ−ψ dihedral angles based on CS or vice versa. Such ϕ−ψ distributions are used to calculate structural ensembles of partially disordered proteins from their CS. For folded proteins, such ensembles are excellent starting points for further refinement with additional experimental restraints (structure determination) or computational methods (structure prediction).

Availability and implementation
Glutton is freely available at https://github.com/YeeHo/Glutton.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Which individual, social and environmental influences shape key phases in the amphetamine type stimulant use trajectory? A systematic narrative review and thematic synthesis of the qualitative literature
Authors: O'Donnell Amy , Addison Michelle , Spencer Liam , Zurhold Heike , Rosenkranz Moritz , McGovern Ruth , Gilvarry Eilish , Martens Marcus‐Sebastian , Verthein Uwe , Kaner Eileen 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackground and aimsThere is limited evidence on what shapes amphetamine‐type stimulant (ATS) use trajectories. This systematic narrative review and qualitative synthesis aimed to identify individual, social and environmental influences shaping key phases in the ATS use trajectory: initiation, continuation, increase/relapse and decrease/abstinence.MethodsMEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and PROQUEST (social science premium collection) were searched from 2000 to 2018. Studies of any qualitative design were eligible for inclusion. Extracted data were analysed according to four key phases within drug pathways, and then cross‐analysed for individual, social and environmental influences.ResultsForty‐four papers based on 39 unique studies were included, reporting the views of 1879 ATS users. Participants were aged 14–58 years, from varied socio‐economic and demographic groups, and located in North America, Europe, Australasia and South East Asia. Reasons for initiation included: to boost performance at work and in sexual relationships, promote a sense of social ‘belonging’ and help manage stress. Similar reasons motivated continued use, combined with the challenge of managing withdrawal effects in long‐term users. Increased tolerance and/or experiencing a critical life event contributed to an increase in use. Reasons for decrease focused on: increased awareness of the negative health impacts of long‐term use, disconnecting from social networks or relationships and financial instability.ConclusionsAmphetamine‐type stimulant users are a highly diverse population, and their drug use careers are shaped by a complex dynamic of individual, social and environmental factors. Tailored, joined‐up interventions are needed to address users’ overlapping economic, health and social care needs in order to support long‐term abstinence.
The role of nutrition in inflammatory pilosebaceous disorders: Implication of the skin‐gut axis
Authors: Maarouf Melody , Platto Jody F , Shi Vivian Y 
Published: September 2018

AbstractNutrition plays a critical role in the manifestation and management of inflammatory pilosebaceous disorders. There is rich potential for insight into the impact of dietary effects on the pathophysiology of inflammatory pilosebaceous disorders including acne vulgaris, hidradenitis suppurativa, rosacea, and the closely related seborrhoeic dermatitis. Acne vulgaris and hidradenitis suppurativa are thought to have similar diet‐modulating pathogenic pathways. Western diet influences Acne vulgaris and hidradenitis suppurativa by increasing insulin and modulating FOX01/mTOR, resulting in over‐expression of cytokeratins, hyperproliferation of keratinocytes, and hypercornification of the follicular wall. Key receptors in rosacea are alternatively activated by UV radiation, hot beverages, spicy foods, vanilla, cinnamon, caffeine, alcohol, cold temperatures, and niacin‐ and formalin‐containing foods, to increase oedema and flushing, resulting in erythema, telangiectasia, and warmth, characteristic features of the condition. Seborrhoeic dermatitis, while not a follicular disorder, is closely related, and can be modulated by dietary influences, such as biotin and probiotics. This overview summarizes the role that nutrition plays on these disorders, and identifies dietary modifications as potential adjunctive therapies.
Scaling beta‐lactam antimicrobial pharmacokinetics from early life to old age
Authors: Lonsdale Dagan O. , Baker Emma H. , Kipper Karin , Barker Charlotte , Philips Barbara , Rhodes Andrew , Sharland Mike , Standing Joseph F. 
Published: September 2018

AimsBeta‐lactam dose optimization in critical care is a current priority. We aimed to review the pharmacokinetics (PK) of three commonly used beta‐lactams (amoxicillin ± clavulanate, piperacillin–tazobactam and meropenem) to compare PK parameters reported in critically and noncritically ill neonates, children and adults, and to investigate whether allometric and maturation scaling principles could be applied to describe changes in PK parameters through life.MethodsA systematic review of PK studies of the three drugs was undertaken using MEDLINE and EMBASE. PK parameters and summary statistics were extracted and scaled using allometric principles to 70 kg individual for comparison. Pooled data were used to model clearance maturation and decline using a sigmoidal (Hill) function.ResultsA total of 130 papers were identified. Age ranged from 29 weeks to 82 years and weight from 0.9–200 kg. PK parameters from critically ill populations were reported with wider confidence intervals than those in healthy volunteers, indicating greater PK variability in critical illness. The standard allometric size and sigmoidal maturation model adequately described increasing clearance in neonates, and a sigmoidal model was also used to describe decline in older age. Adult weight‐adjusted clearance was achieved at approximately 2 years postmenstrual age. Changes in volume of distribution were well described by the standard allometric model, although amoxicillin data suggested a relatively higher volume of distribution in neonates.ConclusionsCritical illness is associated with greater PK variability than in healthy volunteers. The maturation models presented will be useful for optimizing beta‐lactam dosing, although a prospective, age‐inclusive study is warranted for external validation.
A dense mapping study of six European AITD susceptibility regions in a large Chinese Han Cohort of Graves’ disease
Authors: Liu Wei , Zhang Qian‐Yue , Yuan Fei‐Fei , Wang Hai‐Ning , Zhang Le‐Le , Ma Yu‐Ru , Ye Xiao‐Ping , Zhang Man‐Man , Song Zhi‐Yi , Li Sheng‐Xian , Du Wen‐Hua , Liang Jun , Zhang Xiao‐Mei , Gao Guan‐Qi , Zhao Shuang‐Xia , Chen Feng‐ling , Song Huai‐Dong ,   The China Consortium for the Genetics of Autoimmune Thyroid Disease
Published: September 2018

SummaryObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the six susceptibility loci of GD identified from European population in Chinese Han population and further to estimate the genetic heterogeneity of them in stratification of our GD patients.DesignDense mapping studies based on GWAS.PatientsA total of 1536 GD patients and 1516 controls in GWAS stage and 1994 GD patients and 2085 controls and 5033 GD patients and 5389 controls in two replication stages.MeasurementsBased on our previous GWAS data, independently GD‐associated SNPs in each region were identified by TagSNP analysis and logistic regression analysis. The association of these SNPs was investigated in 1994 GD patients and 2085 controls, and then, the significantly associated SNPs (P < 0.05) were further genotyped in a second cohort including 5033 GD patients and 5389 controls.ResultsAfter the first replication stage, four SNPs from three regions with Pfirst < 0.05 were further selected and genotyped in another independent cohort. The association of two SNPs with GD was confirmed in combined Chinese cohorts: rs12575636 at 11q21 (Pcombined = 7.55 × 10−11, OR = 1.27) and rs1881145 in TRIB2 at 2p25.1 (Pcombined = 5.59 × 10−8, OR = 1.14). Further study disclosed no significant difference for these SNPs between GD subsets. However, eQTL data revealed that SESN3 could be a potential susceptibility gene of GD in 11q21 region.ConclusionsOut of the six susceptibility loci of GD identified from European population, two risk loci were confirmed in a large Chinese Han population. There is variability in GD genetic susceptibility in different ethnic groups. SESN3 is a potential susceptible gene of GD in 11q21.
An analysis of Ofsted inspection reports for children's social care services in England
Authors: Hood Rick , Nilsson David , Habibi Ruth 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe Office for Standards in Education, Children's Services and Skills (Ofsted) is responsible for inspecting services that care for children and young people in England and Wales. This paper presents findings from an independent study of Ofsted inspections into children's social care in England, covering reports under three inspection frameworks during the period 2009 to 2016. The research aimed to identify the main themes of recommendations made in Ofsted reports and to explore similarities and differences between frameworks and between local authorities. The methodological approach was document analysis. A stratified sample of 60 reports was prepared on the basis of inspection framework and local authority characteristics such as local deprivation, Ofsted rating, and urban/rural category. A thematic analysis was conducted of the recommendations in each report, with emerging themes subjected to an iterative process of coding and categorization. The findings identified nine categories of themes, the most common of which were performance management, casework, oversight of practice, and multiagency working. Overall, the recommendations were strongly oriented towards process issues and compliance with standards. Recommendations were found to differ somewhat between inspection frameworks but remained largely consistent between local authorities with different characteristics. The paper concludes by examining the implications of findings for the current regulatory framework in children's social care.
Allergies and autoimmune disorders in children after heart transplantation
Authors: Avdimiretz Nicholas , Seitz Stefanie , Kim Tiffany , Murdoch Faye , Urschel Simon 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPediatric heart transplantation requires lifelong immune suppression and may require thymectomy, both of which alter T‐cell repertoires. We hypothesized that atopic and autoimmune diseases are more common in pediatric heart transplant patients than the general population, and that transplantation in early childhood increases the risk of development or worsening of atopic or autoimmune disease. A cross‐sectional single‐center study including 21 heart transplant patients aged ≤18 years was conducted. Data collected included age at transplant, induction, thymectomy, and development and severity of atopic or autoimmune disease. A majority (67%) reported having any atopic disease post‐transplant, all of whom reported onset or worsening post‐transplantation. Thymectomized patients were significantly more likely to have asthma (P = 0.018) and report asthma worsening post‐transplant (P = 0.045). Patients with worsening of asthma post‐transplant were transplanted at a significantly younger age (P = 0.040). ABO incompatible and ABO compatible recipients presented similarly. Anemia was common (38%) but not always clearly of autoimmune origin. Atopic diseases are common in children following heart transplantation: Compared to the general population, there is a higher prevalence of eczema (43% vs 11%) and asthma (33% vs 9%). Both thymectomy and younger age at transplant are associated with atopic disorders, possibly due to altered T‐cell repertoires.
Trajectories of obesity by spousal diabetes status in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
Authors: Silverman‐Retana O. , Hulman A. , Simmons R. K. , Nielsen J. , Witte D. R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimsTo examine whether the development of obesity with age was different for individuals with and without a spouse with diabetes.MethodsWe analysed data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing [n= 7123, median (interquartile range) age 59 (53–67) years, 51% men], which included four clinical examination waves between 1998 and 2012. The main exposure was having a spouse with diabetes. Outcomes of interest were BMI and waist circumference. We fitted quadratic age‐related trajectories using mixed‐effect models stratified by sex and adjusted for education, smoking and the corresponding interaction terms between age and spousal diabetes status.ResultsThe baseline spousal diabetes prevalence was 4.4%. Men with a wife with diabetes experienced a steeper increase in BMI (1.6 kg/m2) between ages 50 to 65 years than men with a wife without diabetes (0.9 kg/m2). Women with a husband with diabetes had a similarly shaped BMI trajectory to women with a husband without diabetes, but their average BMI levels were higher between ages 55 and 65 years. Waist circumference trajectories showed a similar shape by spousal diabetes status for men and women, although individuals with a spouse with diabetes had higher waist circumference values throughout follow‐up.ConclusionsWe found a positive association between spousal diabetes status and obesity development, which differed by sex among middle‐aged individuals. Evidence from couple‐based interventions is needed to test whether the latter could improve the current individual‐focused public health strategies for obesity prevention.