bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterizing the multipartite continuous-variable entanglement structure from squeezing coefficients and the Fisher information
Authors: Qin Zhongzhong , Gessner Manuel , Ren Zhihong , Deng Xiaowei , Han Dongmei , Li Weidong , Su Xiaolong , Smerzi Augusto , Peng Kunchi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the distribution of quantum entanglement over many parties is a fundamental challenge of quantum physics and is of practical relevance for several applications in the field of quantum information. The Fisher information is widely used in quantum metrology since it is related to the quantum gain in metrology measurements. Here, we use methods from quantum metrology to microscopically characterize the entanglement structure of multimode continuous-variable states in all possible multi-partitions and in all reduced distributions. From experimentally measured covariance matrices of Gaussian states with 2, 3, and 4 photonic modes with controllable losses, we extract the metrological sensitivity as well as an upper separability bound for each partition. An entanglement witness is constructed by comparing the two quantities. Our analysis demonstrates the usefulness of these methods for continuous-variable systems and provides a detailed geometric understanding of the robustness of cluster-state entanglement under photon losses.
On-chip transverse-mode entangled photon pair source
Authors: Feng Lan-Tian , Zhang Ming , Xiong Xiao , Chen Yang , Wu Hao , Li Ming , Guo Guo-Ping , Guo Guang-Can , Dai Dao-Xin , Ren Xi-Feng 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIntegrated entangled photon pair source is an essential resource for both fundamental investigations and practical applications of quantum information science. Currently there have been several types of entanglement, among which the transverse-mode entanglement is becoming attractive because of its unique advantages. Here, we report an on-chip transverse-mode entangled photon pair source via the spontaneous four-wave mixing processes in a multimode silicon waveguide. Transverse-mode photon pairs are verified over multiple frequency channels within a bandwidth of ~2 THz, and a maximally entangled Bell state is also produced with a net fidelity of 0.96 ± 0.01. Our entangled photon pair source is the key element for quantum photonics based on transverse-mode, and also has the possibility to extend to higher-dimensional Hilbert space. Furthermore, the transverse-mode entanglement can be converted coherently to path and polarization entanglement, which paves the way to realizing highly complex quantum photonic circuits with multiple degrees of freedom.
Biological control of an agricultural pest protects tropical forests
Authors: Wyckhuys K. A. G. , Hughes A. C. , Buamas C. , Johnson A. C. , Vasseur L. , Reymondin L. , Deguine J. -P. , Sheil D. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThough often perceived as an environmentally-risky practice, biological control of invasive species can restore crop yields, ease land pressure and thus contribute to forest conservation. Here, we show how biological control against the mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti (Hemiptera) slows deforestation across Southeast Asia. In Thailand, this newly-arrived mealybug caused an 18% decline in cassava yields over 2009–2010 and an escalation in prices of cassava products. This spurred an expansion of cassava cropping in neighboring countries from 713,000 ha in 2009 to > 1 million ha by 2011: satellite imagery reveals 388%, 330%, 185% and 608% increases in peak deforestation rates in Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar and Vietnam focused in cassava crop expansion areas. Following release of the host-specific parasitoid Anagyrus lopezi (Hymenoptera) in 2010, mealybug outbreaks were reduced, cropping area contracted and deforestation slowed by 31–95% in individual countries. Hence, when judiciously implemented, insect biological control can deliver substantial environmental benefits.
Kinetic modeling of the electromagnetic precursor from an axisymmetric binary pulsar coalescence
Authors: Crinquand B. , Cerutti B. , Dubus G. 
Published: December 2018

Context. The recent detection of gravitational waves associated with a binary neutron star merger revives interest in interacting pulsar magnetospheres. Current models predict that a significant amount of magnetic energy should be released prior to the merger, leading to electromagnetic precursor emission.
Aims. In this paper, we revisit this problem in the light of the recent progress in kinetic modeling of pulsar magnetospheres. We limit our work to the case of aligned magnetic moments and rotation axes, and thus neglect the orbital motion.
Methods. We perform global two-dimensional axisymmetric particle-in-cell simulations of two pulsar magnetospheres merging at a rate consistent with the emission of gravitational waves. Both symmetric and asymmetric systems are investigated.
Results. Simulations show a significant enhancement of magnetic dissipation within the magnetospheres as the two stars approach one another. Even though the magnetospheric configuration depends on the relative orientations of the pulsar spins and magnetic axes, all configurations present nearly the same radiative signature, indicating that a common dissipation mechanism is at work. The relative motion of both pulsars drives magnetic reconnection at the boundary between the two magnetospheres, leading to efficient particle acceleration and high-energy synchrotron emission. Polar-cap discharge is also strongly enhanced in asymmetric configurations, resulting in vigorous pair production and potentially additional high-energy radiation.
Conclusions. We observe an increase in the pulsar radiative efficiency by two orders of magnitude over the last orbit before the merger, exceeding the spindown power of an isolated pulsar. The expected signal is too weak to be detected at high energies even in the nearby universe. However, if a small fraction of this energy is channeled into radio waves, it could be observed as a non-repeating fast radio burst.
Traumatic Unilateral Sixth to Seventh Cervical Vertebral Facet Luxation in a Dog
Authors: Karli Philemon , Bass Martin , Inauen Roman , Bass Danielle 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe describe the surgical reduction of a traumatic, unilateral cervical vertebral facet joint luxation in a large breed dog. Computed tomography (CT) including CT myelography revealed complete luxation of the left articular processes C6 to C7 without fracture of the main weight-bearing structures. There was marked spinal cord compression secondary to the malalignment. Due to the non-ambulatory tetraparetic status, open reduction was chosen as the treatment of choice. After making a dorsal surgical approach to the caudal cervical spine, the luxated articular processes were visible and repositioned. Owing to marked mobility of this joint, temporary stabilization with a nonabsorbable suture between the spinous processes of C6 and C7 was performed and good stability was obtained. The dog recovered uneventfully from the surgery and regained normal ambulation. Follow-up examination including a second CT 9 months after surgery showed no neurological abnormalities and unrestricted motion of the neck. Normal cervical vertebral alignment with moderate osteoarthritis of the right facet joint and mild spondylosis deformans C6 to C7 were present. The present case report shows successful management of a traumatic cervical facet joint luxation without persistent neurological deficits. Open reduction and temporary stabilization with suture material seem to be a valuable method of treatment. The dorsal approach allowed direct inspection of the facet joints with concurrent access to place suture material for temporary stabilization.
Estimation of emigration, return migration, and transit migration between all pairs of countries
Authors: Azose Jonathan J. , Raftery Adrian E. 
Published: December 2018

Significance
Despite the importance of international migration, estimates of between-country migration flows are still imprecise. Reliable record keeping of migration events is typically available only in the developed world, and the best existing methods to produce global migration flow estimates are burdened by strong assumptions. We produce estimates of migration flows between all pairs of countries at 5-year intervals, revealing patterns obscured by previous estimation methods. In particular, our estimates reveal large bidirectional movements in all global regions, with roughly one-quarter of migration events consisting of returns to an individual’s country of birth.
Decline in climate resilience of European wheat
Authors: Kahiluoto Helena , Kaseva Janne , Balek Jan , Olesen Jørgen E. , Ruiz-Ramos Margarita , Gobin Anne , Kersebaum Kurt Christian , Takáč Jozef , Ruget Francoise , Ferrise Roberto , Bezak Pavol , Capellades Gemma , Dibari Camilla , Mäkinen Hanna , Nendel Claas , Ventrella Domenico , Rodríguez Alfredo , Bindi Marco , Trnka Mirek 
Published: December 2018

Significance
Food security under climate change depends on the yield performance of staple food crops. We found a decline in the climate resilience of European wheat in most countries during the last 5 to 15 y, depending on the country. The yield responses of all the cultivars to different weather events were relatively similar within northern and central Europe, within southern European countries, and specifically regarding durum wheat. We also found serious Europe-wide gaps in wheat resilience, especially regarding yield performance under abundant rain. Climate resilience is currently not receiving the attention it deserves by breeders, seed and wheat traders, and farmers. Consequently, the results provide insights into the required learning tools, economic incentives, and role of public actors.
Climate change and residential electricity consumption in the Yangtze River Delta, China
Authors: Li Yating , Pizer William A. , Wu Libo 
Published: December 2018

Significance
Estimating the impacts of climate change is essential for analysis of both mitigation and adaptation policies. Our principal finding, that annual electricity consumption increases by 9.2% per +1 °C in annual global mean surface temperature (GMST) in the Yangtze River Delta, represents one of the few estimates of impacts outside Western countries. This estimate can contribute to analyses of global mitigation efforts, helping to determine what level of emissions best balances costs and benefits. We note that energy consumption is often one of the larger categories of monetized climate change impacts. We also estimate that annual peak electricity use increases by 36.1% per +1 °C in annual GMST, assisting planning efforts for additional grid capacity that will be needed in the future.
Mitochondria modulate programmed neuritic retraction
Authors: Baranov Sergei V. , Baranova Oxana V. , Yablonska Svitlana , Suofu Yalikun , Vazquez Alberto L. , Kozai Takashi D. Y. , Cui X. Tracy , Ferrando Lisa M. , Larkin Timothy M. , Tyurina Yulia Y. , Kagan Valerian E. , Carlisle Diane L. , Kristal Bruce S. , Friedlander Robert M. 
Published: December 2018

Significance
Neuritic retraction in the absence of overt neuronal death occurs during aging and early in neurodegenerative disorders. However, mechanisms responsible for physiologic and pathologic neuritic retraction are unknown. We demonstrate that progressive distal mitochondrial protein damage, resulting in impaired mitochondrial protein import in distal neuronal compartments, leads to the neurite loss-related focal caspase-3 activation. This import defect amplifies mitochondrial vulnerability by slowing incorporation of newly produced proteins, affecting mitochondrial physiology indicated by loss of membrane potential, increased reactive oxygen species production, and focal caspase-3 activation. We describe this fundamental physiologic mechanism that controls neurite plasticity/vulnerability and is further amplified during neurodegeneration as “neuritosis.” This neuronal regulatory mechanism is likely important for neurodevelopment and is exacerbated during aging and pathologically in neurodegenerative diseases.
Genetic legacy of state centralization in the Kuba Kingdom of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: van Dorp Lucy , Lowes Sara , Weigel Jonathan L. , Ansari-Pour Naser , López Saioa , Mendoza-Revilla Javier , Robinson James A. , Henrich Joseph , Thomas Mark G. , Nunn Nathan , Hellenthal Garrett 
Published: December 2018

SignificanceState centralization occurs when previously separate communities are united, forming a single political system often associated with economy, trade, warfare, and culture. One example is the precolonial Kuba Kingdom of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Using genetic data from over 690 individuals from the DRC, we compared individuals whose ancestors were part of the Kingdom to individuals from other neighboring groups. We found a genetic legacy of state formation that can be explained by the joining and subsequent mixing of groups at the time of state centralization, as well as evidence of gene flow facilitated by the Kingdom’s infrastructure. We characterize the genetic history of this region and show the power of DNA to reveal information on societal systems where few written records exist.
Integration in emerging social networks explains academic failure and success
Authors: Stadtfeld Christoph , Vörös András , Elmer Timon , Boda Zsófia , Raabe Isabel J. 
Published: December 2018

SignificanceUnderstanding the factors that explain academic failure and success of university students is a core interest of educational researchers, teachers, and managers. We demonstrate how the dynamic social networks that informally evolve between students can affect their academic performance. We closely followed the emergence of multiple social networks within a cohort of 226 undergraduate university students. They were strangers to each other on their first day at university, but developed densely knit social networks through time. We show that functional studying relationships tended to evolve from informal friendship relations. In a critical examination period after one year, these networks proved to be crucial: Socially isolated students had significantly lower examination grades and were more likely to drop out of university.
Two-step pathway for isoprenoid synthesis
Authors: Chatzivasileiou Alkiviadis Orfefs , Ward Valerie , Edgar Steven McBride , Stephanopoulos Gregory 
Published: December 2018

Significance
Isoprenoids are a class of natural products with applications in many fields, including medicine and agriculture. Biosynthesis of isoprenoids has emerged as the most commercially viable option for their mass production. We report the creation of an enzymatic pathway for the biological production of isoprenoids, which uses externally provided isoprenol as its substrate instead of a glucose-derived catabolite, making it radically different from naturally occurring pathways or their engineered variants. The pathway is only two steps long and uses a single cofactor, ATP. Our results show that it is decoupled from central carbon metabolism and can sustain a very high flux. These advantages make it a noteworthy alternative to known isoprenoid pathways.
Tropical forests can maintain hyperdiversity because of enemies
Authors: Levi Taal , Barfield Michael , Barrantes Shane , Sullivan Christopher , Holt Robert D. , Terborgh John 
Published: December 2018

Significance
Biologists have long sought to explain how tropical forests can support as many as 1,000 tree species at a single site. Such high diversity presents a paradox in that two well-documented mechanisms, competition and drift, both erode diversity over time. Much imagination has gone into the quest to find a countervailing force of sufficient strength to counterbalance competition and drift. We show here that the 48-year-old Janzen−Connell mechanism, in which natural enemies restrict tree recruitment near conspecific adults, is capable of maintaining high levels of diversity indefinitely via a stabilizing mechanism that favors rare species and hinders common ones. Diversity maintenance requires only a small zone around conspecific adults in which saplings fail to recruit.
Mutational landscape of primary, metastatic, and recurrent ovarian cancer reveals c-MYC gains as potential target for BET inhibitors
Authors: Li Charles , Bonazzoli Elena , Bellone Stefania , Choi Jungmin , Dong Weilai , Menderes Gulden , Altwerger Gary , Han Chanhee , Manzano Aranzazu , Bianchi Anna , Pettinella Francesca , Manara Paola , Lopez Salvatore , Yadav Ghanshyam , Riccio Francesco , Zammataro Luca , Zeybek Burak , Yang-Hartwich Yang , Buza Natalia , Hui Pei , Wong Serena , Ravaggi Antonella , Bignotti Eliana , Romani Chiara , Todeschini Paola , Zanotti Laura , Zizioli Valentina , Odicino Franco , Pecorelli Sergio , Ardighieri Laura , Silasi Dan-Arin , Litkouhi Babak , Ratner Elena , Azodi Masoud , Huang Gloria S. , Schwartz Peter E. , Lifton Richard P. , Schlessinger Joseph , Santin Alessandro D. 
Published: December 2018

Significance
Ovarian cancer has the propensity for early dissemination of microscopic metastases, making early detection challenging. Development of treatments for patients with advanced/recurrent chemotherapy-resistant disease remains an unmet need. We sequenced primary, synchronous bilateral ovarian cancer (SBOC), metastatic, and recurrent ovarian tumors. We found primary and metastatic tumors to be remarkably similar and SBOC to be clonally related in all cases, suggesting early dissemination to represent an intrinsic feature of ovarian cancer. c-MYC and PIK3CA amplifications were prevalent and maintained in progression to metastasis and enriched in tumor recurrence. c-MYC amplified chemotherapy-resistant cell lines and xenografts were sensitive to JQ1 and GS-626510, suggesting Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal motif (BET) inhibitors as effective targeted agents in patients with c-MYC–amplified recurrent/chemotherapy-resistant ovarian tumors.
Imaging electron-density fluctuations by multidimensional X-ray photon-coincidence diffraction
Authors: Ye Lyuzhou , Rouxel Jérémy R. , Cho Daeheum , Mukamel Shaul 
Published: December 2018

SignificanceX-ray diffraction is routinely used to monitor the ground-state electronic charge density of molecules or the motion of nuclei. In this work, we propose a spectroscopic measurement based on multidimensional photon-coincidence X-ray diffraction, which probes the correlation functions of the charge densities in momentum space. The inverse Fourier-transformed signal in real space, which is a combination of correlation functions of transition charge densities, allows us to identify the various scattering pathways that dominate the signal in momentum space and provides most valuable information on spontaneous electronic fluctuations and correlations.
Prediagnostic levels of urinary 8-epi-prostaglandin F2α and prostaglandin E2 metabolite, biomarkers of oxidative damage and inflammation, and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yuan Jian-Min , Grouls Menno , Carmella Steven G , Wang Renwei , Heskin Alisa , Jiang Yang , Tan Yu-Ting , Adams-Haduch Jennifer , Gao Yu-Tang , Hecht Stephen S 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We conducted a nested case–control study of 347 HCC cases and 691 matched controls within a prospective cohort of 18 244 Chinese men in Shanghai, China. The concentrations of 8-epi-prostaglandin F2α (8-epi-PGF2α), a biomarker of oxidative stress, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) metabolite (PGE-M), a biomarker of the inflammation mediator PGE2, were determined in baseline urine samples using validated mass spectrometry assays. 8-epi-PGF2α levels were significantly higher in HCC cases than control subjects (geometric means 0.92 versus 0.80 pmol/mg creatinine, P &lt; 0.001). The relative risks of developing HCC for the highest relative to the lowest quartile of 8-epi-PGF2α were 2.55 (95% confidence interval = 1.62–4.01, Ptrend &lt; 0.001). This positive 8-epi-PGF2α–HCC risk association was independent of smoking status, alcohol consumption and hepatitis B or liver cirrhosis and was present 10 years before the clinical manifestation of HCC. This study did not find any significant association between urinary PEG-M and HCC risk. This study provides direct evidence in support of the critical role of oxidative stress in the development of HCC regardless of its underlying causes.
Noninferiority of Simplified Dolutegravir Monotherapy Compared to Continued Combination Antiretroviral Therapy That Was Initiated During Primary Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: A Randomized, Controlled, Multisite, Open-label, Noninferiority Trial
Authors: Braun Dominique L , Turk Teja , Tschumi Fabian , Grube Christina , Hampel Benjamin , Depmeier Carsten , Schreiber Peter W , Brugger Silvio D , Greiner Michael , Steffens Daniela , De Torrenté-Bayard Cornelia , Courlet Perrine , Neumann Kathrin , Kuster Herbert , Flepp Markus , Bertisch Barbara , Decosterd Laurent , Böni Jürg , Metzner Karin J , Kouyos Roger D , Günthard Huldrych F 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundPatients who start combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) during primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection show a smaller HIV-1 latent reservoir, less immune activation, and less viral diversity compared to patients who start cART during chronic infection. We conducted a pilot study to determine whether these properties would allow sustained virological suppression after simplification of cART to dolutegravir monotherapy.MethodsEARLY-SIMPLIFIED is a randomized, open-label, noninferiority trial. Patients who started cART &lt;180 days after a documented primary HIV-1 infection and had an HIV-1 RNA &lt;50 copies/mL plasma for at least 48 weeks were randomized (2:1) to monotherapy with dolutegravir 50 mg once daily or to continuation of cART. The primary efficacy endpoint was the proportion of patients with &lt;50 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL on or before week 48; noninferiority margin 10%.ResultsOf the 101 patients randomized, 68 were assigned to simplification to dolutegravir monotherapy and 33 to continuation of cART. At week 48 in the per-protocol population, 67/67 (100%) had virological response in the dolutegravir monotherapy group vs 32/32 (100%) in the cART group (difference, 0.00%; 95% confidence interval, –100%, 4.76%). This showed noninferiority of the dolutegravir monotherapy at the prespecified level.ConclusionIn this pilot study consisting of patients who initiated cART during primary HIV-1 infection and had &lt;50 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL for at least 48 weeks, monotherapy with once-daily dolutegravir was noninferior to cART. Our results suggest that future simplification studies should use a stratification according to time of HIV infection and start of first cART.Clinical Trials RegistrationNCT02551523.
Derived Picard Groups of Preprojective Algebras of Dynkin Type
Authors: Mizuno Yuya 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
In this paper, we study two-sided tilting complexes of preprojective algebras of Dynkin type. We construct the most fundamental class of two-sided tilting complexes, which has a group structure by derived tensor products and induces a group of auto-equivalences of the derived category. We show that the group structure of the two-sided tilting complexes is isomorphic to the braid group of the corresponding folded graph. Moreover, we show that these two-sided tilting complexes induce tilting mutation and any tilting complex is given as the derived tensor products of them. Using these results, we determine the derived Picard group of preprojective algebras for type $A$ and $D$.