bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comments: A Year of Uncertainty
Authors: Donnelly John 
Published: January 2019

Editor's column
Late December/early January is the time of year when industry outlooks are announced, revealing company spending plans, oil price predictions, and potential stumbling blocks. The steep drop in prices in the fourth quarter of 2018 made these outlooks particularly challenging, and most are laced with cautious optimism about the year ahead. But common themes emerge: the industry is still in cost-containment recovery mode; the march toward digitalization is in full swing; and shale output from the US will only increase as pipeline bottlenecks began to ease with new construction.
This past year was one of recovery, as the downturn that began with the price crash in 2014 appeared to be over, although that view is not unanimous. Capital expenditures rose last year because of higher oil prices but spending was cautious, and that caution was validated when both Brent and WTI prices fell about $30/bbl during the fourth quarter. A price rally in January began to ease concerns that the industry was in another free fall.
Oil and gas spending growth rose 4% in 2017 and 5% in 2018, according to the International Energy Agency (IEA), after dropping 60% during 2014–16. The US shale sector contributed largely to that growth, as spending on unconventionals outstripped interest in conventional oil and offshore. Majors increased their visibility in unconventionals in plays such as the Permian Basin. Shale remains a bright spot, and will allow the US to likely remain the world’s largest producer of liquids and gas.
Global oil inventories have come down significantly since the downturn, even with the increase in US production. But major uncertainties exist, making this year “even more hazardous than usual” to forecast trends in 2019, an IEA spokesman was quoted as saying. That uncertainty is reflected in a recent survey of more than 30 oil analysts, who predicted that Brent prices would end the year anywhere from $30/bbl to $78/bbl.
Deloitte’s 2019 industry outlook states that “opportunities from digital technologies are becoming increasingly apparent and have the potential to unlock new value.” As featured in JPT over the past year in particular, more companies are employing or experimenting with artificial intelligence, automation, machine learning, robotics, and blockchain, often attracting nontraditional vendors and startups.
The offshore sector has yet to recover. US Gulf of Mexico (GOM) production rose last year but drilling activity did not, and the rig count ended the year at an 81% utilization rate. There were 36 active deepwater GOM sites at the end of the year, compared with 49 in early 2017, according to the US Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement. Norway’s upstream regulator is not optimistic about spending there. Oil and gas production will fall 4.7% this year to 1.42 million B/D after a 6% drop last year, according to an annual report by the Norwegian Petroleum Directorate. Mexico’s offshore may be a bright spot, but the industry is still looking for signals from the new government that it is friendly toward private sector E&P.
Automated Operations and Wired Drillpipe Benefit Arctic Drilling
Authors: Wilson Adam 
Published: January 2019

This article, written by Special Publications Editor Adam Wilson, contains highlights of paper SPE 191574, “Delivering Drilling Automation II: Novel Automation Platform and Wired Drillpipe Deployed on Arctic Drilling Operations,” by Riaz Israel, Doug McCrae, Nathan Sperry, Brad Gorham, Jacob Thompson, and Kyle Raese, BP, and Steven Pink and Andrew Coit, SPE, NOV, prepared for the 2018 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Dallas, 24–26 September. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
This paper presents a case history of drilling automation system pilot deployment, including the use of wired drillpipe, on an Arctic drilling operation. Two major aspects of technology were introduced during this pilot, the first being a drilling automation software platform that allowed secure access to the rig’s drilling control system. The second component was a wired drillstring, which provides high-speed delivery of downhole data from a series of distributed downhole sensors.
Introduction
In an effort to enhance the safety of its operations, improve well construction efficiency, and leverage the potential opportunities presented by digitalization of drilling, the operator has initiated a Remote Operations and Intelligent Automation Project. The project involved the deployment of an automation operating system (AOS) on top of an existing drilling control system. The AOS provides the ability for secure, programmatic control of the rig’s major drilling hardware through the use of software. The software interface allows for custom configuration of several routine drilling activities for automated execution.
The project also evaluated the latest version of the service company’s wired drillpipe (WDP). At the time of writing, the project has delivered eight wells, with various combinations of the technology implemented.
The overall objectives of the project were to evaluate
The readiness of the AOS for wider deployment
The reliability of the latest version of WDP
The maturity of the AOS drilling applications
The effectiveness of this technology in reducing well costs
For each well, key performance indicators (KPIs) were defined that aligned with the project-level KPIs and are dependent on the specific aspect of the technology being used on that well.
Field Description
The giant Prudhoe Bay field, on the North Slope of Alaska on the edge of the Arctic Circle, was discovered in 1968 with an initial estimate of 22 billion to 25 billion bbl of oil in place and has been in production since June 1977. Since the field began production, it has generated more than 12.5 billion bbl of oil, making it the most productive US oil field. The field has been a proving ground for advanced drilling techniques, including multilateral and coiled tubing, now used in oil fields around the globe. Production from Prudhoe Bay is supported by ongoing drilling activity.
Technology Description
An overview of the automation technology is presented in Fig. 1.
Big-Data Analytics for Production-Data Classification Using Feature Detection: Application to Restimulation-Candidate Selection
Authors: Udegbe Egbadon , Morgan Eugene , Srinivasan Sanjay 
Published: January 2019

Summary
In recent years, there has been a proliferation of massive subsurface data sets from sources such as instrumented wells. This places significant challenges on traditional production-data-analysis methods for extracting useful information in support of reservoir management and decision making. In addition, with increased exploration interest in unconventional-shale-gas reservoirs, there is a heightened need for improved techniques and technologies to enhance the understanding of induced- and natural-fracture characteristics in the subsurface, as well as their associated effects on fluid flow and well performance.
These challenges have the potential to be addressed by developing big-data-analytics tools that focus on uncovering masked trends related to fracture properties from large volumes of subsurface data through the application of pattern-recognition techniques. We present a new framework for fast and robust production-data classification, which is adapted from a real-time face-detection algorithm. This is achieved by generalizing production data as vectorized 1D images with pixel values proportional to rate magnitudes. Using simulated shale-gas-production data, we train a cascade of boosted binary classification models that are capable of providing probabilistic predictions. We demonstrate the viability of this approach for identifying hydraulically fractured wells that have the potential to benefit from restimulation treatment. The results show significant improvements over existing type-curve-based approaches for recognizing favorable-candidate wells, using only gas-rate profiles.
Plant Growth Regulator and Irrigation Effects on Physiological and Harvest Maturity of Red Clover in Relation to Seed Quality
Authors: Angsumalee Duangporn , Elias Sabry G. , Anderson Nicole P. , Chastain Thomas G. , Garbacik Carol J. 
Published: January 2019

Core Ideas

Trinexapac‐ethyl, a plant growth regulator, does not affect the quality of red clover seeds if applied at a rate of up to 700 g a.i. ha–1. Seeds reach maximum quality at harvest maturity, when seed moisture content is approximately 140 g kg–1.
Visual indicators of physiological maturity of red clover include flower heads contain light brown petals and brownish‐green sepals, whereas seeds are pale green to pale yellow. At harvest maturity, heads contain dark brown petals and sepals, whereas seeds range from yellow to yellow‐dark grayish purple.
A single irrigation application of water at the first flowering stage increased yield by approximately 9% in a 2‐yr study.
Application of trinexapac‐ethyl at a rate of 560 g a.i. haw in the stem elongation stage increased seed yield by 16% in 1 of a 2‐yr study.
Seed moisture content at physiological maturity of red clover ranges from 340 to 540 gkg–1 and approximately 140 g kg–1 at harvest maturity.
Plant growth regulators (PGRs) and irrigation affect seed yield of red clover (Trifolium pretense L.). However, the effects of these factors on physiological maturity (PM), harvest maturity (HM), and seed quality are unknown. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the effects of trinexapac‐ethyl (TE) PGR and irrigation on PM, HM, and seed viability and vigor on the most common red clover variety in Oregon over 2 yr. Five TE rates, ranging from 0 to 700 g a.i. ha−1, were applied at stem elongation and bud emergence stages. Irrigation was applied at the first flowering stage. Physiological and visual indicators were recorded to determine PM and HM. Standard germination (SG), tetrazolium (TZ) and cold (CT) tests were conducted to evaluate seed quality at weekly intervals starting from seed formation until HM. Irrigation resulted in a 4‐d delay in PM compared to the non‐irrigated treatment, but TE applications did not affect timing of seed maturation. At PM, flower heads contained light brown petals and brownish‐green sepals, whereas seeds were pale green to pale yellow. At HM, heads contained dark brown petals and sepals, whereas seeds ranged from yellow to yellow‐dark grayish purple. Seed dry weight did not change from PM to HM. Seed moisture content at PM ranged from 340 to 540 g kg−1 and decreased to below 140 g kg−1 at HM. At HM, seeds reached maximum quality as viability ranged from 92 to 98% by TZ and SG, and vigor ranged from 90 to 94% by CT.
The Origins, Implications, and Consequences of Yield‐Based Nitrogen Fertilizer Management
Authors: Rodriguez Divina Gracia P. , Bullock David S. , Boerngen Maria A. 
Published: January 2019

Core Ideas

We evaluate an old and widely accepted yield‐based N fertilizer management algorithm.
The algorithm, in itself, was a “ballpark” recommendation that served an important public function.
The overconfidence in this algorithm may have harmed agriculture in a number of ways.
The algorithm’s empirical derivation was seriously flawed.
We examine the origins, implications, and consequences of yield‐based N fertilizer management. Yield‐based algorithms have dominated N fertilizer management of corn (Zea mays) in the United States for almost 50 yr, and similar algorithms have been used all over the world to make fertilizer recommendations for other crops. Beginning in the mid‐1990s, empirical research started to show that yield‐based rules‐of‐thumb in general are not a useful guide to fertilizer management. Yet yield‐based methods continue to be widely used, and are part of the principal algorithms of nearly all current “decision tool” software being sold to farmers for N management. We present details of the theoretical and empirical origins of yield‐based management algorithms, which were introduced by George Stanford (1966, 1973) as a way to make N fertilizer management less reliant on data. We show that Stanford’s derivation of his “1.2 Rule” was based on very little data, questionable data omissions, and negligible and faulty statistical analysis. We argue that, nonetheless, researchers, outreach personnel, and private‐sector crop management consultants were obliged to give some kind of N management guidance to farmers. Since data generation is costly, it is understandable that a broad, “ball park” rule‐of‐thumb was developed, loosely based on agronomic principles. We conclude by suggesting that technology changes now allow for exciting new possibilities in data‐intensive fertilizer management research, which may lead to more efficient N management possibilities in the near future.
New Caffeic Acid Derivatives as Antimicrobial Agents: Design, Synthesis, Evaluation and Docking
Authors: Merlani Maia , Barbakadze Vakhtang , Amiranashvili Lela , Gogilashvili Lali , Poroikov Vladimir , Petrou Anthi , Geronikaki Athina , Ciric Ana , Glamoclija Jasmina , Sokovic Marina 
Published: January 2019

Background:Phenolic acids (caffeic-, ferulic and p-coumaric acid) are widely distributed in the plant kingdom and exhibit broad spectrum of biological activities, including antimicrobial activity.Objective:The goal of this paper is the synthesis of some caffeic acid derivatives selected based on computer-aided predictions and evaluate their in vitro antimicrobial properties against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria and also a series of fungi.Methods:In silico prediction of biological activity was used to identify the most promising structures for synthesis and biological testing, and the putative mechanisms of their antimicrobial action. The designed compounds were synthesized using classical organic synthesis methods. The antimicrobial activity was studied using microdilution method.Results:Twelve tested compounds have shown good antibacterial activity. Five out of twelve tested compounds appeared to be more active than the reference drugs ampicillin and streptomycin. Despite that all compounds exhibited good activity against all bacteria tested, the sensitivity of bacteria towards compounds in general was different. The evaluation of antifungal activity revealed that all compounds were more active than ketoconazole, while seven compounds (2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8 and 12) appeared to be more active than bifonazole. Docking results indicate that gyrase inhibition is the putative mechanism of antibacterial action while the inhibition of 14α-demethylase may be responsible for antifungal action. Prediction of cytotoxicity by PROTOX showed that compounds are not toxic (LD50 1000-2000 mg/kg).Conclusion:Thirteen compounds, from which six are new ones, were synthesized, and twelve compounds were tested for antimicrobial activity. The studied compounds appeared to be promising potent and non-toxic antimicrobials, which could be considered as leads for new pharmaceutical agents.
La vocación y la profesionalización en enfermeria ayer y hoy
Authors: Ramírez Díaz Evertina 
Published: January 2019

En la actualidad, cada hombre busca satisfacer su necesidad de inclusión en el grupo social en el que vive y se desarrolla. Para lograrlo debe encontrar actividades afines y al mismo tiempo que le sean satisfactorias.
Decidir la vocación es mucho más difícil para la juventud de hoy, de lo que ha sido para cualquier otra generación pues existen cada vez un mayor número de empleos y carreras diferentes para elegir. Sin duda, la elección de una carrera es uno de los conflictos que enfrenta el ser humano en su proceso de definición profesional, ya que no es un hecho aislado, que se genere de manera espontánea, sino que implica varias etapas, y en el que Enfermería como profesión se encuentra inmersa.
En este trabajo se aborda de manera breve, los diferentes momentos que conlleva a la consolidación de la Enfermería como una profesión, así como, las etapas en la elección vocacional y profesional, y los factores que la condicionan.
El jueceo: una experiencia de aprendizaje en la investigación cualitativa
Authors: Aljama Corrales Elia , Boroja Cruz Juana , Ostiguín Meléndez Rosa Ma. 
Published: January 2019

En las áreas de las ciencias de la salud existe un bagaje teórico-metodológico amplio para abordar los fenómenos de estudio que ahí se presentan, mismo que aporta estrategias de análisis para la particular interpretación de los asuntos de interés disciplinar.
La realidad que trata de desentrañar el investigador Enfermero no es unicausal, en ella convergen la dimensión del cuidado y los procesos formativos, tal es el caso que se expone a partir de la metodología cualitativa, donde la Enfermería Mexicana aun tiene mucho que aportar y un gran camino por recorrer.
Incursionar en este tipo e metodología, implica la consideración de una gama de habilidades por parte del investigador, sin embargo cuando la experiencia es colectiva se requieren de otras condiciones, que conduzcan a un trabajo grupal y en su momento colegiado.
Particularmente el jueceo, obliga a procesos de introyección, sustracción, inducción y deducción, que permiten gestar un escenario común donde se construyen nuevas perspectivas producto del análisis grupal y en donde se reconocen los conceptos que constituyen al fenómeno y sus posibles relaciones.
Todo ello en aras de identificar conceptos subyacentes a los discursos que en el caso aportan elementos para la práctica del cuidado de la Enfermería. De este modo, participar en el jueceo en el marco de una tesis de maestrías, es en sí mismo una evidencia de la construcción de experiencias pedagógicas significativas que en el particular se desea socializar.
Percepción de los coordinadores, tutores y alumnos en relación a la tutoría como estrategia de enseñanza aprendizaje
Authors: Silva González Madai , Cárdenas Jiménez Margarita 
Published: January 2019

El presente trabajo es producto de la investigación: “Evaluación Curricular de las Especialidades en Enfermería”, que tiene como propósito conocer los factores que inciden en el proceso del aprendizaje especializado el cual permita reestructurar por medio de la tutoría la práctica profesional del especialista en enfermería y mejorar la calidad del aprendizaje transformando la práctica. Una de las vertientes de análisis que se realizó fue: identificar el significado que le atribuyen, las coordinadoras, los tutores y los alumnos, a la tutoría desde la información vertida en las entrevistas registradas. Objetivo: Determinar los significados relacionados con la tutoría desde la perspectiva de las coordinadoras, tutores y alumnos (as) de las especialidades a través del análisis de su propia opinión, para establecer la importancia que tiene la tutoría en el proceso de aprendizaje de los futuros especialista. Metodología: Se consideró la información vertida en las entrevistas a profundidad registradas y se realizó el análisis de los significados relacionados con la tutoría los cuales se confrontaron con los elementos teóricos relacionados con dicha temática. Resultados: Se encontró que el rol que juega el tutor con el alumno ejerciendo la TUTORIA es un proceso significativo desde la enseñanza aprendizaje hasta su total formación como especialista, siendo la tutoría una base fundamental. Conclusiones: La tutoría es una actividad fundamental dentro del proceso de formación de la especialidad ya que permite el desarrollo integral de los alumnos.
Nivel de estrés en niños(as) de primer año de primaria y correlación con alteraciones en su conducta
Authors: Loredo Martínez Nydia , Mejía Jiménez Diana , Jiménez Bautista Nancy , Matus Miranda Reyna 
Published: January 2019

El trabajo escolar continuado bajo presión de tiempo y el ambiente físico son condiciones estresantes cuyos efectos provocan en los niños reacciones de adaptación. Los niños y adultos pueden mostrar diferentes modos de reaccionar frente al estrés; éste, juega un papel importante en las causas y el mantenimiento de problemas emocionales, lo que de acuerdo con ciertos autores es especialmente cierto en niños. El estrés puede ayudar en momentos de crisis ya que alerta los sentidos y hace estar en guardia, sin embargo también puede afectar la salud tanto física como mental, considerando lo anterior es importante que como enfermeras también valoremos este aspecto. Objetivo Identificar el nivel de estrés en niños(as) de primer año de primaria y valorar si existe correlación con alteraciones en su conducta. Metodología: Tipo de estudio observacional, correlacional, transversal, y descriptivo. Se integró un grupo de primer año de primaria de niños y niñas (n=41), a los que se les aplicaron los instrumentos con base en aceptación de sus padres. Se elaboraron y validaron dos cuestionarios, uno de 27 preguntas para medir el nivel de estrés, el segundo con 16 preguntas para valorar alteraciones en la conducta de los(as) niños(as). Se utilizaron las pruebas U de Mann Whitney para comparar el nivel de estrés de niños(as) y la de correlación de Spearman para estimar la correlación de las variables nivel de estrés y conducta. Resultados 34 niños presentaron niveles medios y altos de estrés, también tuvieron alteraciones en su conducta; Se obtuvo una rs=0.73, con un nivel de significancia de 0.1 (.432) entre nivel de estrés y conducta. Los 7 indicadores utilizados para la variable conducta tuvieron valores significativos, sin embargo los más altos son la agresividad y la frustración. Conclusiones 1.- Identificar los niveles de estrés en niños(as) permitirá el establecimiento de estrategias para su regulación en niveles no dañinos para su salud. 2.- Como enfermeras, este análisis, debiera formar parte de la valoración que se hace regularmente a estos grupos.
Encrucijadas de la moneda única. Algunas claves para una reflexión desde la periferia
Authors: Lucía Vicent Valverde Fernando Luengo Escalonilla 
Published: January 2019

<p> </p><p>The article reflects about the viability and implications of the Economic and Monetary Union from a Southern periphery of the European Union perspective, especially that of the Spanish economy. The argument is developed through two ideas: a) euro zone’s reconfiguration carried out by community leaders has preserved and also has sharpened imbalances and asymmetries that triggered the economic crisis, b) the debate on how to overcome it contains and transcends the dilemma that arises from being part of the European Monetary area, or not.</p><p> </p>