bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of IL1R1 and IL1R2 gene polymorphisms on risk of osteonecrosis of the femoral head from a case–control study
Authors: An Feimeng , Wang Jiaqi , Gao Hongyan , Liu Chang , Tian Ye , Jin Tianbo , Liu Wanlin , Wang Jianzhong 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimOsteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) refers to bony changes caused by osteocyte death under the effects of complicated factors, which is caused by genetic factors and certain risk factors. Our study aimed to explore whether IL1R1/IL1R2 polymorphisms influenced ONFH risk in the Chinese Han population.MethodsWe selected 286 patients and 441 controls, with 11 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in IL1R1 and IL1R2 gene were successfully genotyped, and evaluated the associations using the chi‐squared test, Fisher's exact test, T test, and genetic model analyses. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using unconditional logistic regression.ResultsIn the allele model, rs11674595 in IL1R2 was associated with increasing the risk of ONFH, the rs10490571 and rs3917225 in IL1R1 gene were associated with an increased risk of ONFH, respectively. In the genetic model, the rs11674595 in IL1R2 gene was associated with an increased risk of ONFH in the codominant model, dominant model, and log‐additive model, respectively. The rs10490571 and rs3917225 in IL1R1 gene conferred an increased risk of ONFH in the codominant model, dominant model, and log‐additive model, respectively. We found none of the haplotypes in the IL1R2 gene was significantly associated with theONFH risk.ConclusionOur findings have demonstrated that the rs11674595 (IL1R2), rs10490571, and rs3917225 (IL1R1) were significantly associated with increasing the ONFH risk in the Chinese Han population.
Identification of amniotic fluid metabolomic and placental transcriptomic changes associated with abnormal development of cloned pig fetuses
Authors: Ao Zheng , Li Zicong , Wang Xingwang , Zhao Chengfa , Gan Yanmin , Wu Xiao , Zeng Fang , Shi Junsong , Gu Ting , Hong Linjun , Zheng Enqin , Liu Dewu , Xu Zheng , Wu Zhenfang , Cai Gengyuan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPiglets cloned by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) show a high incidence of malformations and a high death rate during the perinatal period. To investigate the underlying mechanisms for abnormal development of cloned pig fetuses, we compared body weight, amniotic fluid (AF) metabolome, and placental transcriptome between SCNT‐ and artificial insemination (AI)‐derived pig fetuses. Results showed that the body weight of SCNT pig fetuses was significantly lower than that of AI pig fetuses. The identified differential metabolites between the two groups of AF were mainly involved in bile acids and steroid hormones. The levels of all detected bile acids in SCNT AF were significantly higher than those in AI AF. The increase in the AF bile acid levels in SCNT fetuses was linked with the downregulation of placental bile acid transporter expression and the abnormal development of placental folds (PFs), both of which negatively affected the transfer of bile acids from AF across the placenta into the mother’s circulation. Alteration in the AF steroid hormone levels in cloned fetuses was associated with decreased expression of enzymes responsible for steroid hormone biosynthesis in the placenta. In conclusion, cloned pig fetuses undergo abnormal intrauterine development associated with alteration of bile acid and steroid hormone levels in AF, which may be due to the poor development of PFs and the erroneous expression of bile acid transporters and enzymes responsible for steroid hormone biosynthesis in the placentas.
Ascorbic acid diminishes bone morphogenetic protein 2‐induced osteogenic differentiation of muscle precursor cells
Authors: Ferrazzo Paige C. , Niccoli Sarah , Khaper Neelam , Rathbone Christopher R. , Lees Simon J. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionMuscle precursor cells (MPC) are integral to the maintenance of skeletal muscle and have recently been implicated in playing a role in bone repair. The primary objective of this study was to understand better the role of oxidative stress during the osteogenic differentiation of MPCs.MethodsMuscle precursor cells were treated with various combinations of ascorbic acid (AA), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)‐2, and either a superoxide dismutase analog (4‐hydroxy‐TEMPO [TEMPOL]) or polyethyleneglycol‐conjugated catalase. Muscle precursor cell proliferation and differentiation were determined, and alkaline phosphatase activity was measured as an index of osteogenic differentiation.ResultsAfter treatment with 200 μM AA, superoxide was increased 1.5‐fold, whereas AA in combination with 100 ng/ml BMP‐2 did not increase alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. When cells were treated with TEMPOL in combination with 100 ng/ml BMP‐2 and 200 μM AA, ALP activity significantly increased.DiscussionThese data suggest that increasing oxidative stress with AA induces sublethal oxidative stress that prevents BMP‐2‐induced osteogenic differentiation of MPCs. Muscle Nerve 59:501–508, 2019
Bariatric Surgery Alters microRNA Content of Circulating Exosomes in Patients with Obesity
Authors: Bae Yun‐Ui , Kim Yongjin , Lee Haekyung , Kim Hyoungnae , Jeon Jin Seok , Noh Hyunjin , Han Dong Cheol , Ryu Seongho , Kwon Soon Hyo 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveExosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) are potential biomarkers for obesity, in which they regulate biological processes. Bariatric surgery has health benefits for patients with obesity; however, the mechanisms of these benefits are not clear. This study attempted to identify the exosomal miRNA signature associated with obesity and how it changed after bariatric surgery.MethodsHealthy volunteers (HVs) and nondiabetic patients with obesity were prospectively enrolled in the study. The study assessed the serum exosomal miRNA profiles of HVs and patients with obesity using RNA sequencing. To evaluate the effects of bariatric surgery, the study also analyzed exosomal miRNAs in patients 6 months after surgery.ResultsRNA sequencing revealed differential expression of 72 exosomal miRNAs in patients with obesity compared with HVs and differential expression of 41 miRNAs in post‐ versus presurgery blood. Among the differentially expressed miRNAs, the study identified nine surgery‐responsive miRNAs that were highly expressed in patients before surgery compared with HVs. Biological pathway analysis of the nine miRNAs indicated that they are likely involved in WNT, neurotrophin, and insulin signaling; the insulin receptor signaling cascade; and focal adhesion.ConclusionsPatients with obesity have a distinct exosomal miRNA expression profile compared with HVs. In addition, weight loss after surgery alters the exosomal miRNA profile of patients with obesity.
Hunting behaviour in domestic cats: An exploratory study of risk and responsibility among cat owners
Authors: Crowley Sarah L. , Cecchetti Martina , McDonald Robbie A. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

The potential impact of domestic cats on wildlife is the subject of growing international interest and concern. While feral cats are often the primary focus of research and debate, in many societies a substantial proportion of domestic cats are owned by private individuals. We present a typology that classifies domestic cats in relation to varying degrees of human control over their reproduction, movement, and provisioning. Understanding the perceptions and practices of cat owners will be key to identifying and mitigating any negative ecological effects of cat hunting behaviour.

To investigate how cat owners perceive (a) their pets’ hunting behaviour, (b) their responsibilities for managing this, and (c) the mitigation strategies available, we conducted detailed interviews with a diverse sample of cat owners in the United Kingdom.

We identified a spectrum of views on hunting behaviour, from owners who perceived hunting as positive (for pest control, or as healthy cat behaviour) to those who were deeply concerned about its consequences for wild animals, their populations, and welfare. However, hunting was widely understood as a normal, natural component of cat behaviour, and owners rarely perceived a strong individual responsibility for preventing or reducing it.

Those who did wish to manage hunting perceived several barriers to this, including concern that they were unable to control behaviour effectively without compromising cat welfare, doubt about the efficacy and practicality of popular mitigation measures, and unfamiliarity with alternative options. We recommend that (a) initiatives directed at changing cat owners’ behaviour consider the multiple factors and competing priorities that inform their decision‐making (particularly cat health and welfare and practicality or cost of interventions); (b) researchers work collaboratively with cat owners and veterinary, cat welfare, and conservation organizations to identify effective solutions, and (c) some degree of accountability for managing problematic hunting behaviour should be promoted as a part of “responsible pet ownership” initiatives.

A plain language summary is available for this article.
Noninvasive screening by cell‐free DNA for 22q11.2 deletion: Benefits, limitations, and challenges
Authors: Grati Francesca Romana , Gross Susan J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCell‐free DNA (cfDNA) testing for fetal aneuploidy is one of the most important technical advances in prenatal care. Additional chromosome targets beyond common aneuploidies, including the 22q11.2 microdeletion, are now available because of this clinical testing technology. While there are numerous potential benefits, 22q11.2 microdeletion screening using cfDNA testing also presents significant limitations and pitfalls. Practitioners who are offering this test should provide comprehensive pretest and posttest prenatal counselling. The discussion should include the possibility of an absence of a result, as well as the risk of possible discordance between cfDNA screening results and the actual fetal genetic chromosomal constitution. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of the cfDNA testing technologies for 22q11.2 microdeletions screening, describe the current state of test validation and clinical experience, review “no results” and discordant findings based on differing technologies, and discuss management options.
Rates of reported codeine‐related poisonings and codeine prescribing following new national guidance in Ireland
Authors: Kennedy Cormac , Duggan Edel , Bennett Kathleen , Williams David J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPurposeThe aims of this study were to examine a national database to assess codeine poisonings before and after the new guidance for pharmacists while also evaluating rates of codeine prescriptions following the introduction of restrictions on supply.MethodsAnonymised enquiry data of reported poisoning cases were reviewed for a period from 2005 to 2016 inclusive. The rate of pharmacy claims for codeine containing products was also examined using the national pharmacy claims database. Segmented regression analysis was used to detect changes in poisonings and claims before and after the new guidance.ResultsThere were 1851 codeine‐related poisonings reported over the study period. An annual decline was evident with a significant 33% reduction from 2010 to 2011 (β2 coefficient for level change, 42.1; 95% CI, −68.1 to −16.0; P = 0.006). Following 2011, the declining rate of codeine poisonings plateaued. Analysis of the national pharmacy claims data revealed no change in the reimbursement rate for co‐codamol products restricted by the guidance in 2010 (Incidence rate ratio 1.04, 95% CI, 0.997‐1.08; P = 0.07). There was no corresponding increase in the reimbursement of alternative opioid medications.ConclusionsNew guidance on codeine supply coincided with an initial reduction in reported codeine poisoning cases. This reduction was in keeping with the previous trend. However, this was without an increase in the prevailing rate of prescription claims for these products or potential substitutes. Policymakers may consider further restriction of codeine products to improve public health outcomes.
T2 mapping in the quantitative evaluation of articular cartilage changes in children with hemophilia: A pilot study
Authors: Zhang Ningning , Lv Yanqiu , Liu Yue , Yin Guangheng , Hu Di , Wu Runhui , Peng Yun 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTImportanceJoint disease affects more than 90% of severe hemophiliacs. Early diagnosis is critical in preventing hemophilic arthritis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enables visualization of early arthropathic changes and plays an important role in treatment.ObjectiveTo evaluate the role of T2 mapping in detecting early cartilage lesions in the knee and ankle joints of children with hemophilic arthropathy.MethodsTarget joints of 15 male patients with clinically confirmed moderate or severe hemophilia were evaluated with MRI. In addition to routine MRI protocols (T1WI, T2_FFE, T2_SPAIR, PDW_TSE), T2 mapping was used to evaluate the articular cartilage of target joints.ResultsThe mean T2 value of the distal femoral cartilage was 46.72 ± 10.94 ms, which is higher than the reported age‐matched normal value (40.27 ± 3.50 ms). The mean T2 value of the proximal tibial cartilage was 45.60 ± 8.82 ms, which is higher than the reported normal value (31.15 ± 1.86 ms). Four examined joints (two ankles, two knees) showed normal morphology with no abnormal signal on routine MR sequences. However, T2 mapping showed locally increased T2 values in the cartilage, along with uneven color scales.InterpretationThe quantitative assessment method of T2 mapping might be helpful to early diagnosis for articular cartilage lesions. It might be a potential tool for early assessment of cartilage changes and quantification of lesion's severity for hemophilia joint.
Clinicoradiologic features of Mycoplasma pneumoniae bronchiolitis in children
Authors: Wen Xiaohui , Liu Jinrong , Li Huimin , Zhao Chengsong , Zhao Shunying 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTImportanceAcute Mycoplasma pneumoniae bronchiolitis can progress into bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) in children, which has a major influence on a child's quality of life and is associated with M. pneumoniae bronchiolitis. Early identification and treatment of M. pneumoniae bronchiolitis is important to prevent the development of BO.ObjectiveTo enhance the understanding of the diagnosis and treatment of M. pneumoniae bronchiolitis in children.MethodsEight patients with M. pneumoniae bronchiolitis were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsFive of the patients with M. pneumoniae bronchiolitis were male and three of them were female. All patients suffered from fever and cough. Moist rales and wheezing were noted in both lungs in six patients. High‐resolution computed tomography of the chest showed bronchiolitis in all patients, with large airway injury in two and focal bronchopneumonia in six. Two patients were confirmed to have asthma. Seven patients had personal and/or family histories of atopic diseases. Allergen testing was performed in six patients, which produced positive results in four; the remaining two patients had negative results, but their total IgE levels were > 200 IU/ml. Azithromycin therapy and glucocorticoid therapy was administered to all eight patients. One patient required noninvasive ventilation. Treatment of all patients was successful, with no development of bronchiolitis obliterans during the 4‐ to 8‐month follow‐up.InterpretationMycoplasma pneumoniae bronchiolitis can occur in children, especially in atopic individuals. The use, time of initiation, and effects of glucocorticoids administration in these patients for the prevention of BO require further investigation.
Use of a Bioinformatics‐Based Toxicity Scoring System to Assess Serotonin Burden and Predict Population‐Level Adverse Drug Events from Concomitant Serotonergic Drug Therapy
Authors: Culbertson Vaughn L. , Rahman Shaikh Emdadur , Bosen Grayson C. , Caylor Matthew L. , Xu Dong 
Published: January 2019

Study ObjectiveNumerous medications interact at serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine [5‐HT]) receptors directly or through off‐target interactions, causing mild to severe serotonergic adverse drug events (ADEs), particularly among older adults. Our objective was to develop a novel molecular‐based toxicity scoring system to assess serotonergic burden resulting from concurrently administered drugs. Quantitative methods to assess serotonergic burden may provide a useful clinical tool for improving pharmacotherapy.DesignRetrospective cohort study.Data SourcesPharMetrics Legacy health claims database (January 2001–December 2013) and ChEMBL bioactivity database.PatientsA 2–serotonergic drug exposure cohort (78,172 patients) and a 3–serotonergic drug exposure cohort (19,900 patients) were generated, and population‐level statistics were collected. Nonexposure cohorts were created for each drug exposure cohort and matched in a 4:1 ratio for age, sex, and length of enrollment.Measurements and Main ResultsEight 5‐HT medications were screened against multiple bioactivity databases to identify their off‐target interactions at 5‐HT receptors and serotonin reuptake transporter protein. A computational serotonin burden score (SBS) was derived from the receptor‐specific interaction propensities reported from the comprehensive bioactivity screen. Linear regression was used to characterize associations between SBSs and combined total ADE incidence rate detected by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, diagnosis codes. A significantly greater incidence of 17 potential 5‐HT–related ADEs was seen in exposed serotonergic drug cohorts (p<0.05). A positive correlation between SBS and overall ADE incidence rate in the 2–serotonergic drug exposure cohort (R2 = 0.69, p<0.34) and 3‐drug cohort (R2 = 0.85, p<0.01) was observed. When both drug cohorts were combined, total drug SBSs strongly correlated with the composite 5‐HT adverse event rate (R2 = 0.92, p<0.0001). Despite an increasing burden of illness, these data suggest that drug combinations with higher SBSs are associated with a higher rate of potential serotonergic ADEs.ConclusionIn this test of concept, positive associations between SBSs and serotonin‐related ADEs suggest that it may offer a pharmacologic‐based foundation for developing risk assessment tools to assist in optimizing pharmacotherapy.
Neonatal bronchoscopy: Role in respiratory disease of the newborn—A 7 year experience
Authors: Mackanjee Harshavadan R. , Naidoo Lerusha , Ramkaran Prithiksha , Sartorius Benn , Chuturgoon Anil A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundBronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is a standardized method to obtain specimen samples from the airway lumen of the respiratory system. BAL is used to diagnose lung infection and infection markers in neonates.ObjectivesThe aim was to evaluate the utility of flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy in term and preterm neonates and to evaluate the use of BAL obtained by bronchoscopy in neonatal lung disease.MethodsA retrospective analysis of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) babies, during a 7‐year period was conducted on 599 neonates who underwent the BAL procedure. Characteristics of the patients, indications, complications, and results of the procedure were recorded.ResultsThe main indications were nosocomial pneumonia (140) and unilateral lung disease (74). A normal finding was most prevalent (201), followed by tracheitis (65). Microbiology on BAL fluid was positive in 33% of bronchoscopies (195/599); most common organisms isolated were Acinetobacter, Klebsiella, and Pseudomonas.ConclusionsNeonatal bronchoscopy can serve as an important diagnostic and therapeutic tool in the management of neonatal lung disease, BAL specimen microbiology from bronchoscopy directs clinical decision making in the management of neonatal lung infection. Individual common markers of infection have poor correlation to BAL. A combination of the markers, however, improves correlation with BAL but their utility in clinical management of lung infection is subject to caution. A negative BAL may shift management emphasis on minimizing lung injury especially in neonates who are ventilator dependent; BAL has the potential to critically affect the management of babies with significant lung disease especially when ventilator dependent.
Modulated Preparation of Capillary Monolithic HILIC Column by Target‐Analogues of Matrine and Oxymatrine and Applied for Extracted Analysis of Sophorae flavescentis radix
Authors: Bi Xiaodong , Tian Wei , Wang Yingchun , Cao Wenli , Fan Shuaishuai , Wang Meng , Niu Liying 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC), as a powerful LC method for polar compounds, has gained increasing attention in developing new HILIC stationary phases and analytical methods. Instead of using standardized substance representing different molecular force types to evaluate chromatographic performance, the analyte targets, structural analogues of matrine and oxymatrine, are applied to modulate the preparation of carboxyl group modified column in a HILIC mode. The feasibility of target‐modulating preparation of HILIC column was demonstrated that target‐involved optimization could effectively reflect the performance of analytes directly onto the modulation of column preparation, and hence optimize out suitable preparation conditions different from otherwise methods. And the resulting monolith was tested in the analysis of the standard medicinal materials of Sophorae flavescentis radix. The target‐modulating strategy was proved to be an efficient alternative to guide the preparation of HILIC monolith column.
Photolysis of PCl3/POCl3 with Oxygen Dopant Using 193 nm ArF Excimer at Low Temperatures: Oxygen Insertion through ‘Phosphadioxirane’ Pathway
Authors: Ramanathan Nagarajan , Sarkar Shubhra , Sankaran Kannan , Sundararajan Kalyanasundaram 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPhotolysis was performed on PCl3 and POCl3 in the presence of oxygen dopant in Ar matrix at low temperatures using 193 nm ArF excimer laser. The photo irradiation initially facilitated the formation of ozone in situ in the low temperature matrix. For PCl3+O2 photolysis with 193 nm ArF excimer, initially POCl3 was produced and subsequent oxygen atom insertion on POCl3 generated PO2Cl3. Furthermore, secondary reaction channel opens up in PCl3+O2 photolysis to form a variety of photoproducts such as POCl, PIIIO2Cl, PVO2Cl and PO3Cl. The insertion of oxygen atom on POCl through phosphadioxirane intermediate generated PIIIO2Cl and the direct oxygen atom addition resulted in PVO2Cl. A successive oxygen insertion on PVO2Cl triggered the PO3Cl generation. The identification of all the photoproducts was confirmed through 18O2 isotopic experiments and quantum chemical computations performed using density functional theory (DFT). Computations carried out at B3LYP level of theory with 6–311++G(d,p) basis set were used to correlate the structure of photo products obtained experimentally. Interestingly, photo irradiation of POCl3 with oxygen dopant in Ar matrix @193 nm ArF excimer resulted in the generation of PO2Cl3, PO3Cl3 and PO4Cl3 photo products by a sequential insertion of oxygen atoms through phosphadioxirane intermediate. A compelling evidence for the passage of the reaction through phosphadioxirane intermediate is established through 18O2 isotopic substitution experiments.