bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Successful biliary cannulation by the rendezvous technique via percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage: A report of two cases
Authors: Lee Jae Min , Cha Ra Ri , Kim Wan Soo , Kim Jin Joo , Lee Sang Soo , Kim Hong Jun , Kim Hyun Jin , Kim Tae Hyo , Jung Woon Tae , Lee Ok Jae 
Published: October 2018

Key Clinical MessageReports of the rendezvous technique via percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage are very rare because of difficulties with insertion of the guidewire from the gallbladder into the common bile duct. In particular, our report includes a case with distal common bile duct stricture. To our knowledge, such a case has never been previously reported.
Polymer of Intrinsic Microporosity (PIM‐7) Coating Affects Triphasic Palladium Electrocatalysis
Authors: Mahajan Ankita , Bhattacharya Swapan K. , Rochat Sébastien , Burrows Andrew D. , Fletcher Philip J. , Rong Yuanyang , Dalton Alan B. , McKeown Neil B. , Marken Frank 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA film of the polymer of intrinsic microporosity PIM‐7 is coated onto a glassy carbon electrode and the resulting effects on electron transfer reactions are studied for three different types of processes: (i) aqueous solution based, (ii) solid state surface immobilised, and (iii) electrocatalytic processes on electrodeposited palladium. The effects on reactivity for hydroquinone oxidation in aqueous phosphate buffer are shown to be linked to microporosity causing a slightly lower rate of mass transport without detrimental effects on electron transfer and reaction kinetics. Next, water‐insoluble microcrystalline anthraquinone is immobilised directly into the PIM‐7 film and shown to give a chemically reversible reduction process, which is enhanced in the presence of PIM‐7, when compared to the case of anthraquinone immobilised directly onto bare glassy carbon. Electrodeposition of a film of nano‐palladium is demonstrated to give catalytically active electrodes for the reduction/oxidation of protons/hydrogen, the reduction of oxygen, and for the oxidation of formic acid and methanol. With the PIM‐7 film applied onto palladium, a mechanical stabilisation effect occurs. In addition, both the hydrogen insertion and the hydrogen evolution reactions as well as formic acid oxidation are enhanced. Effects are discussed in terms of PIM‐7 beneficially affecting the interfacial reaction under triphasic conditions. The microporous polymer acts as an interfacial “gas management” layer.
A newly developed silicone technology to improve thermal performance of curtain walls
Authors: Hayez Valérie , Gubbels Frédéric , Buljan Nebojša 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTArchitectural trends in modern commercial façades tend towards larger glass surfaces and slimmer frame designs like structural glazing, which result in increased transparency of the design. Design should however take into consideration energy efficiency requirements. Energy regulations and climate policy targets set up strict requirements for future buildings. According to the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive, by 2020 all new buildings in EU will have to be built as “Nearly Zero‐Energy Buildings”. All public buildings have to meet that target two years earlier, at the end of 2018. These targets dictate high demand on building envelope performance and pose challenges in building design. Respecting these targets brings along an increased comfort for the building's occupants: higher internal surface temperatures reduce condensation risk and prevent mould growth while improving the indoor climate. Current solutions reduce the energy loss of curtain walls by using insulating glass units, thermally broken framing systems, low‐emission coatings and warm edge spacers. However, these technologies are reaching their maximal efficiency as they have been on the market for several decades, hence new materials and technologies are required. Since all the major elements of the façade have already been optimized, it becomes critical to ensure that the design of details is not neglected. There is a strong relationship between material characteristics at the detail level and the resulting impact on performance and durability of a façade. Unfortunately, further energy optimization of curtain walls often comes at a price, since the obtained performance improvements are limited whilst adding significant complexity and costs. The challenge today is therefore to develop solutions providing a better performance at a reasonable cost and low complexity to ensure easy adoption of the market and consequently, a significant impact on the improvement of the building stock. This paper introduces a brand‐new silicone technology and illustrates design integration and performance within different structurally glazed façade systems such as unitized and toggle designs. Looking at façades requiring curtain wall U‐values (UCW) below 1.2 W/m2K, the improvements in terms of surface temperatures, psi‐value, but also overall Ucw‐value can be remarkable at efficient cost. A comparison to existing conventional technologies is shown with regards to the overall level of impact on the entire curtain wall energy efficiency performance.
Independent testing of Sparklike Laser™ – Non‐destructive insulating glass gas fill analyser
Authors: Niiranen Kai , Säily Ville‐Petteri , Hartikainen Jarno 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTA common insulating enhancement in modern insulating glass (IG) unit is filling it with argon or krypton gas. Insulating glass units (IGU) have higher and higher performance needs, and the requirements in insulating gas (IG) market are growing all the time. The challenges are confirming the correct filling degree and ensuring that the initial gas concentration will remain inside the insulating glass unit (IGU). Different markets have different standards for gas concentration, but usually the gas content needs to meet or exceed 90 % with a margin. Although invasive methods have their advantages, insulating glass industry specialist are looking for new ways to analyze the insulating gas fill. Traditionally gas concentration has been measured with a gas chromatograph, an invasive test device to analyse gas concentration within double and triple glazed insulating glass units. However, Sparklike Oy is the developer and manufacturer of Sparklike Laser™ devices, that allow non‐destructive insulating gas fill analysis for double and triple glazed insulating glass units, even through most coatings and laminated glasses. Sparklike Laser™ devices are based on technology known as TDLAS (Tuneable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy). By using this technology, the device measures oxygen and from there, the amount of argon, krypton or other insulating gas can be calculated. Sparklike Oy requested a well‐known test laboratory to perform a test in order to determine the argon gas concentration in insulating glass units by using a particularly challenging test specimen. This test specimen included samples with different constructions i.e. clear glass, strengthened glass and laminated glass with different coatings. The purpose of the test was to verify the results from measurements done with Sparklike Laser Standard™ analyzer, by using gas chromatograph as a reference device. In order to receive reliable results, Sparklike provided 12 pieces of test glasses (350 × 350 mm) purchased from a Finnish CE marked glass manufacturer producing insulating glass units according to EN 1279‐5 standard (evaluation of conformity).
Mapping N6‐Methyladenosine (m6A) in RNA: Established Methods, Remaining Challenges, and Emerging Approaches
Authors: Hartstock Katja , Rentmeister Andrea 
Published: October 2018

AbstractN6‐Methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant internal modification in eukaryotic mRNA. Specific m6A reader and eraser proteins link this modification to many aspects of mRNA metabolism and regulate its levels in a dynamic way. Precise localization and quantification in varying biological samples is, therefore, relevant to understand the functional role of m6A and mechanisms governing its regulation. In this Minireview, we summarize established and emerging concepts for m6A mapping. Starting with the seminal m6A‐sequencing techniques based on immunoprecipitation, we will highlight technical improvements by photo‐cross‐linking and remaining challenges. As an alternative, antibody‐free approaches will be presented. These include wild‐type or engineered m6A‐sensitive enzymes and chemical biology approaches combining substrate analogues, chemical derivatization, and enzymatic steps to trace m6A. Finally, single‐molecule sequencing as a new avenue for direct detection of mRNA modifications will be discussed.
Sulfuryl Fluoride Mediated Conversion of Aldehydes to Nitriles
Authors: Gurjar Jitendra , Bater Jorick , Fokin Valery V. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAliphatic, aromatic, and heteroaromatic aldehydes were readily converted to corresponding nitriles in a one‐pot reaction sequence with hydroxylamine and sulfuryl fluoride. The reaction proceeds at room temperature, does not require metal catalysts and special precautions, and produces nitriles in excellent yields. It is compatible with a variety of functional groups, can be performed in aqueous and organic solvents, and is readily scalable to multigram quantities. Mild conditions and high selectivity of the reaction enabled the construction of polyfunctional probes containing nitrile, alkyne, azide, and fluorosulfate groups for further orthogonal derivatization.
Disparities in human papillomavirus–related cancer incidence and survival among human immunodeficiency virus–infected Hispanics living in the United States
Authors: Ortiz Ana P. , Engels Eric A. , Nogueras‐González Graciela M. , Colón‐López Vivian , Soto‐Salgado Marievelisse , Vargas Alicia , Machin Mark , Shiels Meredith S. 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) causes 10% of cancers among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected people in the United States. Because Hispanics are disproportionally affected by the HIV epidemic and by infection‐related cancers, this study compared incidence rates for HPV‐related cancers and survival between Hispanics and non‐Hispanic whites (NHWs) and non‐Hispanic blacks (NHBs) in the HIV‐infected US population.MethodsBased on data from the HIV/AIDS Cancer Match Study, standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were used to estimate cancer risk in HIV‐infected Hispanics and the general US Hispanic population. Among HIV‐infected people, cancer rates were compared with incidence rate ratios (IRRs), and survival was compared with hazard ratios between Hispanics and NHWs and NHBs.ResultsFive hundred two HPV‐related cancers occurred in 864,067 person‐years of follow‐up among HIV‐infected Hispanics. Except for oropharyngeal cancer, the risk of HPV‐related cancers was higher among HIV‐infected Hispanics than in the general population (SIR range, 3.59 [cervical cancer] to 18.7 [anal cancer in men]). Among HIV‐infected females, Hispanics had higher cervical cancer rates than NHWs (IRR, 1.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19‐2.43) but lower vulvar cancer rates than NHWs (IRR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.24‐0.67) and NHBs (IRR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.41‐0.95). Among HIV‐infected males, Hispanics had higher penile cancer rates than NHWs (IRR, 2.60; 95% CI, 1.36‐4.96) but lower anal cancer rates than NHWs (IRR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.46‐0.63) and NHBs (IRR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.56‐0.77). Among HIV‐infected Hispanics, 5‐year survival was greater than 50% across HPV‐related cancer types, with no major differences by racial/ethnic group.ConclusionsHIV‐infected Hispanics have an elevated risk for HPV‐related cancers. Similarly to the general population, HIV‐infected Hispanics have higher rates of cervical and penile cancer than NHWs and NHBs. HPV vaccination should be promoted among HIV‐infected individuals to reduce the burden of HPV‐related cancers.
In Situ Formation of Gold Nanoparticles within a Polymer Particle and Their Catalytic Activities in Various Chemical Reactions
Authors: Jang Wongi , Taylor Richard , Eyimegwu Pascal N. , Byun Hongsik , Kim Jun‐Hyun 
Published: October 2018

AbstractComposite materials consisting of nanoscale gold particles and protective polymer shells were designed and tested as catalysts in various chemical reactions. Initially, the systematic incorporation of multiple gold nanoparticles into a poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) particle was achieved by an in situ method under light irradiation. The degree of gold nanoparticle loading, along with the structural and morphological properties, was examined as a function of the amount of initial gold ions and reducing agent. As these gold nanoparticles were physically‐embedded within the polymer particle in the absence of strong interfacial interactions between the gold nanoparticles and polymer matrix, the readily‐accessible surface of the gold nanoparticles with a highly increased stability allowed for their use as recyclable catalysts in oxidation, reduction, and coupling reactions. Overall, the ability to integrate catalytically‐active metal nanoparticles within polymer particles in situ allows for designing novel composite materials for multi‐purpose catalytic systems.
Wavelength‐Dependent Efficiency of Sequential Photooxygenation: C=C Bond Cleavage on Open‐Cage C60 Derivatives
Authors: Hashikawa Yoshifumi , Murata Yasujiro 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe have studied the efficiency of the C=C double bond cleavage on open‐cage fullerene C60 derivatives by singlet oxygen using four different LED lamps including UV, blue, green, and red radiation. The results indicate that red radiation is the most efficient for this photochemical oxidation owing to the sufficient penetration of the longer‐wavelength light. By applying this method to a 2‐methoxyethoxymethyl‐substituted azafulleroid derivative, we demonstrated the sequential double photooxygenation which provides a symmetric diketo imide derivative having a 15‐membered‐ring opening via stepwise cleavage of two C=C double bonds. Using a H2‐encapsulating derivative, we further examined the size of the opening by comparison with the structural isomer, based on H2‐release experiments and theoretical calculations.
Thorough QT/QTc in a Dish: An In Vitro Human Model That Accurately Predicts Clinical Concentration‐QTc Relationships
Authors: Blanchette Alexander D. , Grimm Fabian A. , Dalaijamts Chimedullam , Hsieh Nan‐Hung , Ferguson Kyle , Luo Yu‐Syuan , Rusyn Ivan , Chiu Weihsueh A. 
Published: October 2018

“Thorough QT/corrected QT (QTc)” (TQT) studies are cornerstones of clinical cardiovascular safety assessment. However, TQT studies are resource intensive, and preclinical models predictive of the threshold of regulatory concern are lacking. We hypothesized that an in vitro model using induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)‐derived cardiomyocytes from a diverse sample of human subjects can serve as a “TQT study in a dish.” For 10 positive and 3 negative control drugs, in vitro concentration‐QTc, computed using a population Bayesian model, accurately predicted known in vivo concentration‐QTc. Moreover, predictions of the percent confidence that the regulatory threshold of 10 ms QTc prolongation would be breached were also consistent with in vivo evidence. This “TQT study in a dish,” consisting of a population‐based iPSC‐derived cardiomyocyte model and Bayesian concentration‐QTc modeling, has several advantages over existing in vitro platforms, including higher throughput, lower cost, and the ability to accurately predict the in vivo concentration range below the threshold of regulatory concern.
Intrinsic Determinants of Axon Regeneration
Authors: Fawcett James W. , Verhaagen Joost 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe failure of axons to regenerate in the damaged mammalian CNS is the main impediment to functional recovery. There are many molecules and structures in the environment of the injured nervous system that can inhibit regeneration, but even when these are removed or replaced with a permissive environment, most CNS neurons exhibit little regeneration of their axons. This contrasts with the extensive and vigorous axon growth that may occur when embryonic neurons are transplanted into the adult CNS. In the peripheral nervous system, the axons usually respond to axotomy with a vigorous regenerative response accompanied by a regenerative program of gene expression, usually referred to as the regeneration‐associated gene (RAG) program. These different responses to axotomy in the mature and immature CNS and the PNS lead to the concept of the intrinsic regenerative response of axons. Analysis of the many mechanisms and issues that affect the intrinsic regenerative response is the topic of this special issue of Developmental Neurobiology. The review articles highlight the control of expression of growth and regeneration‐associated genes, emphasizing the role of epigenetic mechanisms. The reviews also discuss changes within axons that lead to the developmental loss of regenerative ability. This is caused by changes in axonal transport and trafficking, in the cytoskeleton and in signaling pathways.
Detection of bemitil and its metabolite in urine by means of LC–MS/MS in view of doping control analysis
Authors: Kwiatkowska Dorota , Kowalczyk Katarzyna , Grucza Krzysztof , Szutowski Mirosław , Bulska Ewa , Wicka Mariola 
Published: October 2018

Abstract2‐(Ethylthio) benzimidazole is an active ingredient of Antihot, a dietary supplement sold in Ukraine. The substance, available also under names of Bemitil, Metaprot, and Bemaktor, was developed in the USSR in 1970s, and after tests on Soviet cosmonauts and soldiers, several studies on its influence on athletes' performances were conducted. The research showed that bemitil is a synthetic adaptogen which is capable to significantly increase physical performance and reduce the time of regeneration. Moreover, according to supplement's distributor, the substance improves both physical performance and resistance to stress. Taking into account these properties, it appears plausible that the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) decided to include bemitil in its 2018 monitoring program. To select markers of bemitil use, six doses of the supplement (two per day, on three consecutive days) were administrated to six healthy volunteers (three men, three women, 26–49 years). Urine samples were collected before, during and up to 30 days after the first ingestion. Samples were analyzed by means of ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS). The study revealed that bemitil can be traced in urine as either a parent compound or its glucuronide conjugate, which is more abundant and has a wider detection window.
Ecohydrological dynamics in the Alps: Insights from a modelling analysis of the spatial variability
Authors: Mastrotheodoros Theodoros , Pappas Christoforos , Molnar Peter , Burlando Paolo , Hadjidoukas Panagiotis , Fatichi Simone 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMountain ecosystems are experiencing rapid warming resulting in ecological changes worldwide. Projecting the response of these ecosystems to climate change is thus crucial, but also uncertain due to complex interactions between topography, climate, and vegetation. Here, we performed numerical simulations in a real and a synthetic spatial domain covering a range of contrasting climatic conditions and vegetation characteristics representative of the European Alps. Simulations were run with the mechanistic ecohydrological model Tethys–Chloris to quantify the drivers of ecosystem functioning and to explore the vulnerability of Alpine ecosystems to climate change. We correlated the spatial distribution of ecohydrological responses with that of meteorological and topographic attributes and computed spatially explicit sensitivities of net primary productivity, transpiration, and snow cover to air temperature, radiation, and water availability. We also quantified how the variance in several ecohydrological processes, such as transpiration, quickly diminishes with increasing spatial aggregation, which highlights the importance of fine spatial resolution for resolving patterns in complex topographies. We conducted controlled numerical experiments in the synthetic domain to disentangle the effect of catchment orientation on ecohydrological variables, such as streamflow. Our results support previous studies reporting an altitude threshold below which Alpine ecosystems are water‐limited in the drier inner‐Alpine valleys and confirm that the wetter areas are temperature‐limited. High‐resolution simulations of mountainous areas can improve our understanding of ecosystem functioning across spatial scales. They can also locate the areas that are the most vulnerable to climate change and guide future measurement campaigns.
Estimates of accessible food resources for pollinators in urban landscapes should take landscape friction into account
Authors: Johansson Victor , Koffman Anna , Hedblom Marcus , Deboni Giulio , Andersson Petter 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMaintaining biodiversity in urban landscapes requires a well‐functioning green infrastructure for the landscape to remain ecologically functional. However, city planners often lack knowledge to identify how well different parts of the green infrastructure are connected, and tools to estimate the accessibility to important habitats for different species in urban areas are strongly needed. We compared the ability of three measures of available food resources, with increasing complexity, for explaining species richness and abundance of bees and wasps at 23 locations in an urban landscape in Sweden. Specifically, we tested (1) the summed amount of food habitat within a buffer circle, (2) the amount of food habitat weighted by distance, and (3) the summed amount of food habitat within an area created by cost‐weighted distance based on the surrounding landscape friction. We tested two spatial scales (200 and 400 m). The results show that both the summed (1) and the weighted measures (2) were very poor in explaining species richness and abundance regardless of spatial scale, while we found significant relationships for both species richness and abundance with the friction‐based measure (3) at both scales. For the friction‐based measure, the relationships with both response variables were strongest at the smallest spatial scale (200 m). We conclude that bees and wasps are sensitive to barriers such as large roads and built‐up areas when foraging in urban environments. This is important to consider when assessing the functionality of urban green infrastructure in order to not overestimate the available amount of habitat and how well different parts of the landscape are connected for these important pollinators.