bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of and factors associated with antenatal care seeking and adherence to recommended iron‐folic acid supplementation among pregnant women in Zinder, Niger
Authors: Begum Khadija , Ouédraogo Césaire T. , Wessells K. Ryan , Young Rebecca R. , Faye M. Thierno , Wuehler Sara E. , Hess Sonja Y. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe World Health Organization recommends iron and folic acid (IFA) supplementation for pregnant women. The high prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women in Niger warrants better understanding of the utilization of antenatal care (ANC) and IFA. We aimed to assess the prevalence of and factors associated with ANC coverage and adherence to IFA recommendation among pregnant women. Pregnant women (n = 923) from 64 randomly selected villages within the catchment area of 12 health centres were interviewed during a baseline household survey in Zinder, Niger. ANC and IFA coverage were 60.1% and 43.6%, respectively. Only 71.7% of women who attended ANC received IFA. Of the 401 women who reportedly received any IFA supplements, 99.3% had attended any ANC during their current pregnancy and 68.6% reported adherence to recommended IFA supplementation (i.e., consumed IFA every day in the previous week). Women with gestational age ≥27 weeks were more likely to have attended ANC than women with gestational age <27 weeks (85.9% vs. 27.5%, odds ratio [OR]: 21.81, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 13.81, 34.45). Women who reportedly received husbands' advice about attending ANC were more likely to attend ANC (OR: 1.48, 95% CI [1.03, 2.11]) and adhere to IFA recommendations (OR: 1.80, 95% CI [1.04, 3.13]) compared to those who did not receive any advice. ANC attendance is crucial to ensure distribution of IFA supplementation among pregnant women in Zinder. Interventions to improve ANC and IFA adherence will require promotion of early ANC, ensure availability of IFA at ANC, and involve husbands in ANC.
Factors associated with socio‐demographic characteristics and antenatal care and iron supplement use in Ethiopia, Kenya, and Senegal
Authors: Verney Allison , Reed Barbara A. , Lumumba Jude B. , Kung'u Jacqueline K. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAntenatal care (ANC) offers remarkable opportunities to reach a large number of women with effective nutrition and health interventions, including iron (Fe) supplementation. However, all women do not equally seek nor benefit from ANC. We aimed to identify characteristics associated with ANC and Fe use among women in hard‐to‐reach areas in Afar, Ethiopia; Sedhiou and Kolda, Senegal; and Kakamega, Kenya. Women who gave birth within 1 year preceding the survey (n = 4,575) from 15 different sub‐regions were randomly selected and surveyed. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify associations of socio‐demographic characteristics with ANC and Fe use. Factors that showed positive associations with ANC uptake included education, income, possession of a mobile phone, and the occupation of the mother or another household member. Beginning ANC in the first trimester associated positively with achievement of 4 or more ANC visits, and having any ANC visits related positively with Fe intake. Distance to the nearest health facility was negatively associated, and type of nearest facility and counselling and health education were positively associated with some outcomes. The results from these surveys demonstrate the need to ensure access of services across all population groups and can help identify ANC programming needs.
Community perceptions towards the new role of traditional birth attendants as birth companions and nutrition advocates in Kakamega County, Kenya
Authors: Anono Esther L. , Ochola Sophie , Wawire Salome , Ogada Irene , Ndedda Crispin , Kung'u Jacqueline K. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDelivery with skilled birth attendants is important for reducing maternal mortality in developing countries. However, traditional birth attendants (TBAs) are abundant in such settings, managing deliveries without the skills and resources necessary to prevent mortality in this situations. Interventions that have been proposed to mitigate the situation include redefining the role of TBAs to nutrition advocates and birth companions for pregnant women to health facilities. We thus explored community perceptions on these new roles of TBAs, as birth companions and nutrition advocates, and their influence on health facility deliveries in Kakamega County, Kenya. Qualitative data was collected through key informant interviews with health workers and focus group discussions with lactating mothers, pregnant women, husbands, community leaders, community health volunteers, and TBA. Content analysis was conducted; data was organized into subthemes and conclusions made from each subtheme using Atlas.ti software. TBAs adopted their birth companion role as the majority offered companionship to mothers delivering at health facilities. Mothers were happy with this role as TBAs continued providing companionship even after delivery. The community members were happy with the new role of TBAs and reported increased deliveries at the health facilities. In contrast, TBAs did not adopt the nutrition advocacy role sufficiently. We found that redefining the role of the TBAs into birth companions to support facility‐based delivery is thus feasible and acceptable. Nutrition advocacy by the TBAs should be strengthened to maximize on the opportunity provided by the close association between TBAs and mothers and the community.
Validation of a smartphone‐based event recorder for arrhythmia detection
Authors: Narasimha Deepika , Hanna Nader , Beck Hiroko , Chaskes Michael , Glover Robert , Gatewood Robert , Bourji Mohamad , Gudleski Gregory D. , Danzer Susan , Curtis Anne B. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIntroductionAmbulatory cardiac monitoring devices such as external loop recorders (ELRs) are often used in the outpatient clinic to evaluate palpitations. However, ELRs can be bulky and uncomfortable to use, especially in public, at work, or in social situations. An alternative approach is a smartphone‐based electrocardiographic (ECG) recorder/event recorder (Kardia Mobile [KM]), but the comparative diagnostic yield of each approach has not been studied.MethodsThirty‐three patients with palpitations wore an ELR and carried a KM for a period of 14–30 days. They were instructed to transmit ECGs via KM and also to activate the ELR whenever they had symptoms. The tracings obtained from both devices were independently analyzed by two cardiologists, and the overall arrhythmia yield, as well as patient preference and compliance, were evaluated. The paired binomial data obtained from both devices were compared using an unconditional test of noninferiority.ResultsOf the 38 patients enrolled in the study, more patients had a potential diagnosis for their symptoms (i.e., at least one symptomatic recording during the entire monitoring period) with KM than with the ELR (KM = 34 [89.5%] vs ELR = 26 [68.4%]; χ2 = 5.1, P = 0.024). In the per protocol analysis, all 33 patients (100%) had a potential diagnosis using the KM device, which was significantly higher compared to 24 patients (72.2%) using the ELR (χ2 = 10.4, P = 0.001).ConclusionsKM is noninferior to an ELR for detecting arrhythmias in the outpatient setting. The ease of use and portability of this device make it an attractive option for the detection of symptomatic arrhythmias.
Ultrasound‐guided serratus anterior plane block combined with the two‐incision technique for subcutaneous ICD implantation
Authors: Droghetti Andrea , Basso Ricci Erika , Scimia Paolo , Harizai Fabiola , Marini Massimiliano 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe standard technique for implanting a subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (S‐ICD) requires three incisions and the pocket of the device is created in the subcutaneous tissue of the left lateral thoracic wall. However, a two‐incision technique may be adopted, in which the cranial parasternal region is avoided and the device is positioned more deeply, completely under the latissimus dorsi muscle. This can also be combined with ultrasound‐guided serratus anterior plane block (US‐SAPB) for intraoperative anesthesia and perioperative analgesia. We describe our preliminary experience of US‐SAPB combined with the two‐incision intermuscular technique.MethodsWe performed US‐SAPB 40 minutes before starting the procedure, while the patient was in the supine position. The devices were implanted under the latissimus dorsi muscle. All patients were followed‐up after hospital discharge.ResultsTwelve patients (male 50%, 53 ± 16 years, body mass index 23 ± 4) underwent the S‐ICD implantation with the combined technique. The mean procedure duration was 47 ± 11 minutes. The procedure was successful and a shock energy of 65 J was successful in converting the induced ventricular fibrillation in all patients. The US‐SAPB was successful in 92% of cases and only one patient required convertion into general anesthesia due to pain during the procedure. In the postoperative period, patients did not report major discomfort and analgesics were not required. During a median follow‐up of 12 months, no complications were reported.ConclusionsSerratus anterior plane block combined with the intermuscular and two‐incision technique proved to be safe and effective during the S‐ICD implantation procedure.
Esthetic evaluation and patient‐centered outcomes in single‐tooth implant rehabilitation in the esthetic area
Authors: Stefanini Martina , Felice Pietro , Mazzotti Claudio , Mounssif Ilham , Marzadori Matteo , Zucchelli Giovanni 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCriteria for successful implants, in the rehabilitation of a single missing tooth in the esthetic area, should be determined by composite outcomes, including functional and esthetic aspects of soft tissues and the reconstruction, as well as patient‐reported outcomes. This paper focuses on current methods in esthetic assessment and patient‐centered/reported outcomes in single‐tooth implant rehabilitation in the esthetic area. The relationship between subjective, patient‐based esthetic evaluations and objective, professional‐based esthetic evaluations is reviewed. In spite of increasing interest in the assessment of ‘success’ in implant dentistry, it is not yet possible to provide evidence‐based conclusions because of the lack of consensus on a universal implant‐supported crown esthetic index. There is also a need to standardize reporting of patient‐centered outcomes in partially edentulous patients treated with implants.
Exploring the Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Relationship of Relebactam (MK-7655) in Combination with Imipenem in a Hollow-Fiber Infection Model
Authors: Wu Jin , Racine Fred , Wismer Michael K. , Young Katherine , Carr Donna M. , Xiao Jing C. , Katwaru Ravi , Si Qian , Harradine Paul , Motyl Mary , Bhagunde Pratik R. , Rizk Matthew L. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

Resistance to antibiotics among bacterial pathogens is rapidly spreading, and therapeutic options against multidrug-resistant bacteria are limited. There is an urgent need for new drugs, especially those that can circumvent the broad array of resistance pathways that bacteria have evolved. In this study, we assessed the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship of the novel β-lactamase inhibitor relebactam (REL; MK-7655) in a hollow-fiber infection model. REL is intended for use with the carbapenem β-lactam antibiotic imipenem for the treatment of Gram-negative bacterial infections. In this study, we used an
in vitro
hollow-fiber infection model to confirm the efficacy of human exposures associated with the phase 2 doses (imipenem at 500 mg plus REL at 125 or 250 mg administered intravenously every 6 h as a 30-min infusion) against imipenem-resistant strains of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
and
Klebsiella pneumoniae
. Dose fractionation experiments confirmed that the pharmacokinetic parameter that best correlated with REL activity is the area under the concentration-time curve, consistent with findings in a murine pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model. Determination of the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship between β-lactam antibiotics and β-lactamase inhibitors is complex, as there is an interdependence between their respective exposure-response relationships. Here, we show that this interdependence could be captured by treating the MIC of imipenem as dynamic: it changes with time, and this change is directly related to REL levels. For the strains tested, the percentage of the dosing interval time that the concentration remains above the dynamic MIC for imipenem was maintained at the carbapenem target of 30 to 40%, required for maximum efficacy, for imipenem at 500 mg plus REL at 250 mg.
Diagnostic Yield of Laboratory Methods and Value of Viral Genotyping during an Outbreak of Mumps in a Partially Vaccinated Population in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Nunn Alexandra , Masud Shazia , Krajden Mel , Naus Monika , Jassem Agatha N. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

Mumps remains endemic in North America despite routine use of the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine. In 2016, an outbreak of mumps in British Columbia, Canada, provided an opportunity to determine the diagnostic utility of laboratory testing methods. Specimens from patients with clinical mumps were tested for infection using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for antibody detection and an in-house reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) targeting viral fusion and small hydrophobic (SH) genes. Viral genotyping was performed by SH gene sequencing. Laboratory data was linked with epidemiologic case data. Of the 139 confirmed cases, 94 (68%) had reported or documented history of MMR vaccination. Specimens were typically collected 1 day (for buccal and IgM tests) or 2 days (for urine tests) after symptom onset. Most confirmed cases (69%) were confirmed by buccal swab RT-PCR. Among cases tested by multiple methods, the percent positivity for buccal swab RT-PCR was 90% (96/107) compared to 43% (30/69) for both IgM ELISA and urine RT-PCR. Mumps IgM detection was higher in confirmed cases with no history of vaccination than in those with history (64% versus 34%,
P
= 0.02). The outbreak strain was identified as genotype G related to MuVi/Sheffield.GBR/1.05 but with conserved variations in five nucleotides within the SH gene that allowed linkage of geographically distinct cases. In conclusion, RT-PCR of buccal specimens had the highest diagnostic yield during a mumps outbreak in a partially vaccinated population. To optimize mumps diagnostic potential, clinicians should collect specimens depending on when the patient presents for care and their immunization history.
Efficacy of Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis and Repetitive Element Sequence-Based PCR in Typing of Salmonella Isolates from Assam, India
Authors: Gogoi Purnima , Borah Probodh , Hussain Iftikar , Das Leena , Hazarika Girin , Tamuly Shantanu , Barkalita Luit Moni 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

A total of 12
Salmonella
isolates belonging to different serovars,
viz
.,
Salmonella enterica
serovar Enteritidis (
n
= 4),
Salmonella enterica
serovar Weltevreden (
n
= 4),
Salmonella enterica
serovar Newport (
n
= 1),
Salmonella enterica
serovar Litchifield (
n
= 1), and untypeable strains (
n
= 2) were isolated from 332 diarrheic fecal samples collected from animals, birds, and humans. Of the two molecular typing methods applied,
viz
., repetitive element sequence-based PCR (REP-PCR) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), PFGE could clearly differentiate the strains belonging to different serovars as well as differentiate between strains of the same serovar with respect to their source of isolation, whereas REP-PCR could not differentiate between strains of the same serovar. Thus, it can be suggested that PFGE is more useful and appropriate for molecular typing of
Salmonella
isolates during epidemiological investigations than REP-PCR.
Hospitalisation rates among patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome: a population-based study, 1995–2016
Authors: Maciel Gabriel , Servioli Luisa , Nannini Carlotta , Berti Alvise , Crowson Cynthia S , Achenbach Sara J , Matteson Eric L , Cornec Divi 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveTo determine rates and primary discharge diagnoses of hospitalisation in a cohort of patients with incident primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) compared with the general population.MethodsThis was a retrospective population-based cohort study focused on Olmsted County, Minnesota. The pSS cohort consisted of patients with incident pSS in the 1976–2015 period and was compared with a cohort of individuals without pSS matched 3:1 for age, sex and calendar year, randomly selected from the same population. Hospitalisations in 1995–2016 were examined. Discharge diagnoses were categorised using the Clinical Classifications Software for International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, Clinical Modification.ResultsA total of 385 hospitalisations occurred in the 160 patients with pSS during 1592 person-years of follow-up. Among 466 comparators, there were 899 hospitalisations during 4660 person-years of follow-up, resulting in a significantly higher rate of hospitalisations in patients with pSS (rate ratio (RR): 1.25, 95% CI: 1.11 to 1.41). Rates of hospitalisation were increased among patients with pSS for endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases and immunity disorders (RR 1.82, 95% CI 1.08 to 2.98), diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (RR 1.49, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.05) and for injuries and poisoning (RR 1.46, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.06). While not significantly increased overall, hospitalisations for diseases of the circulatory system were significantly increased in patients with pSS aged ≥75 years (RR 1.54, 95% CI 1.11 to 2.11).ConclusionsPatients with pSS experienced higher rates of hospitalisation than the general population. Hospitalisations for endocrine/metabolic disorders, diseases of the circulatory system, diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue disorders, and injuries were more common among patients with pSS than comparators.
Resonant enhancement in leptogenesis
Authors: Dev P. S. B. , Garny M. , Klaric J. , Millington P. , Teresi D. 
Published: March 2018

Vanilla leptogenesis within the type I seesaw framework requires the mass scale of the right-handed neutrinos to be above [Formula: see text] GeV. This lower bound can be avoided if at least two of the sterile states are almost mass degenerate, which leads to an enhancement of the decay asymmetry. Leptogenesis models that can be tested in current and upcoming experiments often rely on this resonant enhancement, and a systematic and consistent description is therefore necessary for phenomenological applications. In this paper, we give an overview of different methods that have been used to study the saturation of the resonant enhancement when the mass difference becomes comparable to the characteristic width of the Majorana neutrinos. In this limit, coherent flavor transitions start to play a decisive role, and off-diagonal correlations in flavor space have to be taken into account. We compare various formalisms that have been used to describe the resonant regime and discuss under which circumstances the resonant enhancement can be captured by simplified expressions for the CP asymmetry. Finally, we briefly review some of the phenomenological aspects of resonant leptogenesis.
A Compact Size, High Isolation and Low Insertion Loss Microstrip Diplexer
Authors: Esmaeli S. H. , Sedighy S. H. 
Published: March 2018

A compact microstrip diplexer with low insertion loss and high isolation is proposed by combination of two coupled line bandpass filters (BPFs). An additional zero in the lower BPF transmission is created by a coupling capacitance which can be tuned at the higher channel and improve the isolation, consequently. Moreover, defected ground structures (DGSs) are used for more design flexibility and fine tuning of the structure. A diplexer prototype with two passbands at 1.24[Formula: see text]GHz and 1.5[Formula: see text]GHz is fabricated and tested. The measured insertion losses in the passbands are less than 1.2[Formula: see text]dB while the isolation between two channels is greater than 25[Formula: see text]dB and the input return losses of the three ports are about 20[Formula: see text]dB. These results in comparison with the references verify the good performance and ability of the designed duplexer.
Discrete physiological effects of beetroot juice and potassium nitrate supplementation following 4-wk sprint interval training
Authors: Thompson Christopher , Vanhatalo Anni , Kadach Stefan , Wylie Lee J. , Fulford Jonathan , Ferguson Scott K. , Blackwell Jamie R. , Bailey Stephen J. , Jones Andrew M. 
Published: March 2018

The physiological and exercise performance adaptations to sprint interval training (SIT) may be modified by dietary nitrate ([Formula: see text]) supplementation. However, it is possible that different types of [Formula: see text] supplementation evoke divergent physiological and performance adaptations to SIT. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of 4-wk SIT with and without concurrent dietary [Formula: see text] supplementation administered as either [Formula: see text]-rich beetroot juice (BR) or potassium [Formula: see text] (KNO3). Thirty recreationally active subjects completed a battery of exercise tests before and after a 4-wk intervention in which they were allocated to one of three groups: 1) SIT undertaken without dietary [Formula: see text] supplementation (SIT); 2) SIT accompanied by concurrent BR supplementation (SIT + BR); or 3) SIT accompanied by concurrent KNO3 supplementation (SIT + KNO3). During severe-intensity exercise, V̇o2peak and time to task failure were improved to a greater extent with SIT + BR than SIT and SIT + KNO3 ( P < 0.05). There was also a greater reduction in the accumulation of muscle lactate at 3 min of severe-intensity exercise in SIT + BR compared with SIT + KNO3 ( P < 0.05). Plasma [Formula: see text] concentration fell to a greater extent during severe-intensity exercise in SIT + BR compared with SIT and SIT + KNO3 ( P < 0.05). There were no differences between groups in the reduction in the muscle phosphocreatine recovery time constant from pre- to postintervention ( P > 0.05). These findings indicate that 4-wk SIT with concurrent BR supplementation results in greater exercise capacity adaptations compared with SIT alone and SIT with concurrent KNO3 supplementation. This may be the result of greater NO-mediated signaling in SIT + BR compared with SIT + KNO3. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We compared the influence of different forms of dietary nitrate supplementation on the physiological and performance adaptations to sprint interval training (SIT). Compared with SIT alone, supplementation with nitrate-rich beetroot juice, but not potassium [Formula: see text], enhanced some physiological adaptations to training.