bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A GBT Survey of the HALOGAS Galaxies and Their Environments. I. Revealing the Full Extent of H i around NGC 891, NGC 925, NGC 4414, and NGC 4565
Authors: Pingel N. M. , Pisano D. J. , Heald G. , Jarrett T. H. , Blok W. J. G. de , Józsa G. I. G. , Jütte E. , Rand R. J. , Oosterloo T. , Winkel B. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
We present initial results from a deep neutral hydrogen (H i) survey of the HALOGAS galaxy sample, which includes the spiral galaxies NGC 891, NGC 925, NGC 4414, and NGC 4565, performed with the Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope (GBT). The resulting observations cover at least 4 deg2 around these galaxies, with an average 5σ detection limit of 1.2 × 1018 cm−2 over a velocity range of 20 km s−1 and angular scale of 9.′1. In addition to detecting the same total flux as the GBT data, the spatial distribution of the GBT and original Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope data match well at equal spatial resolutions. The H i mass fraction below H i column densities of 1019 cm−2 is, on average, 2%. We discuss the possible origins of low column density H i of nearby spiral galaxies. The absence of a considerable amount of newly detected H i by the GBT indicates these galaxies do not have significant extended diffuse H i structures, and suggests future surveys planned with the SKA and its precursors must go at least as deep as 1017 cm−2 in column density to significantly increase the probability of detecting H i associated with the cosmic web and/or cold mode accretion.
Forming Mercury by Giant Impacts
Authors: Chau Alice , Reinhardt Christian , Helled Ravit , Stadel Joachim 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The origin of Mercury’s high iron-to-rock ratio is still unknown. In this work we investigate Mercury’s formation via giant impacts and consider the possibilities of a single giant impact, a hit-and-run, and multiple collisions, in one theoretical framework. We study the standard collision parameters (impact velocity, mass ratio, impact parameter), along with the impactor’s composition and the cooling of the target. It is found that the impactor’s composition affects the iron distribution within the planet and the final mass of the target by up to 25%, although the resulting mean iron fraction is similar. We suggest that an efficient giant impact has to be head-on at high velocity, while in the hit-and-run case the impact can occur closer to the most probable collision angle (45°). It is also shown that Mercury’s current iron-to-rock ratio can be a result of multiple collisions, with their exact number depending on the collision parameters. Mass loss is found to be more significant when the collisions are close together in time.
A Statistical Analysis of the “Heartbeat” Behavior of GRS 1915+105
Authors: Weng Shan-Shan , Wang Ting-Ting , Cai Jing-Ping , Yuan Qi-Rong , Gu Wei-Min 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
GRS 1915+105 has been active for more than 26 years since it was discovered in 1992. There are hundreds of RXTE pointed observations on this source, and the quasi-regular flares with a slow rise and a sharp decrease (i.e., the “heartbeat” state) were recorded in more than 200 observations. The connections among the disk/corona, jet, and the disk wind at the heartbeat state have been extensively studied. In this work, we first perform a statistical analysis of the light curves and the X-ray spectra to investigate this peculiar state. We calculate the parameters for heartbeat cycles, including the recurrence time, the maximum and the minimum count rate, the flare amplitude, and the cumulative radiation for each cycle. The recurrence time has a bimodal distribution ranging from ∼20 to ∼200 s. The minimum count rate increases with increasing recurrence time; while the maximum count rate remains nearly constant around 2 Crab. Fitting the averaged spectrum for each observation, we find the strong correlations among the recurrence time, the apparent inner radius of the accretion disk (or the color correction factor), and the (nonthermal) X-ray luminosity. We suggest that the true inner edge of the accretion disk might always extend to the marginally stable orbit, while the change in corona size results in the observed correlations.
Planet Formation: An Optimized Population-synthesis Approach
Authors: Chambers John 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The physics of planet formation is investigated using a population synthesis approach. We develop a simple model for planetary growth including pebble and gas accretion, as well as orbital migration in an evolving protoplanetary disk. The model is run for a population of 2000 stars with a range of disk masses, disk radii, and initial protoplanet orbits. The resulting planetary distribution is compared with the observed population of extrasolar planets, and the model parameters are improved iteratively using a particle swarm optimization scheme. The characteristics of the final planetary systems are mainly controlled by the pebble isolation mass, which is the mass of a planet that perturbs nearby gas enough to halt the inward flux of drifting pebbles and stop growth. The pebble isolation mass increases with orbital distance such that giant planet cores can only form in the outer disk. Giants migrate inward, populating a wide range of final orbital distances. The best model fits have large initial protoplanet masses, short pebble drift timescales, low disk viscosities, and short atmospheric cooling times, all of which promote rapid growth. The model successfully reproduces the observed frequency and distribution of giant planets and brown dwarfs. The fit for super-Earths is poorer for single-planet systems, but improves steadily when more protoplanets are included. Although the study was designed to match the extrasolar planet distribution, analogs of the solar system form in 1–2% of systems that contain at least four protoplanets.
Dynamical Masses of ε Indi B and C: Two Massive Brown Dwarfs at the Edge of the Stellar–substellar Boundary
Authors: Dieterich Sergio B. , Weinberger Alycia J. , Boss Alan P. , Henry Todd J. , Jao Wei-Chun , Gagné Jonathan , Astraatmadja Tri L. , Thompson Maggie A. , Anglada-Escudé Guillem 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
We report individual dynamical masses for the brown dwarfs ε Indi B and C, which have spectral types of T1.5 and T6, respectively, measured from astrometric orbit mapping. Our measurements are based on a joint analysis of astrometric data from the Carnegie Astrometric Planet Search and the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory Parallax Investigation, as well as archival high-resolution imaging, and use a Markov chain Monte Carlo method. We find dynamical masses of 75.0 ± 0.82 M
Jup for the T1.5 B component and 70.1 ± 0.68 M
Jup for the T6 C component. These masses are surprisingly high for such cool objects and challenge our understanding of substellar structure and evolution. We discuss several evolutionary scenarios proposed in the literature and find that while none of them can provide conclusive explanations for the high substellar masses, evolutionary models incorporating lower atmospheric opacities come closer to approximating our results. We discuss the details of our astrometric model, its algorithm implementation, and how we determine parameter values via Markov chain Monte Carlo Bayesian inference.
The Trouble with Hubble: Local versus Global Expansion Rates in Inhomogeneous Cosmological Simulations with Numerical Relativity
Authors: Macpherson Hayley J. , Lasky Paul D. , Price Daniel J. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
In a fully inhomogeneous, anisotropic cosmological simulation performed by solving Einstein’s equations with numerical relativity, we find that a local measurement of the effective Hubble parameter differs by less than 1% compared to the global value. This variance is consistent with predictions from Newtonian gravity. We analyze the averaged local expansion rate on scales comparable to Type 1a supernova surveys, and find that local variance cannot resolve the tension between the Riess et al. and Planck Collaboration et al. measurements.
Diversity and conservation of the cave fauna of Crete (Greece)
Authors: Paragamian Kaloust , Paragkamian Savvas 
Published: September 2018

Located in the southernmost of the Aegean Sea, Crete is the largest of the Greek islands covering an area of 8,261 km2. The first records on the cave fauna of Crete were published in 1869 and since then a total of 175 publications have been gradually increased our knowledge on the cave-dwelling species of the island.
Crete is currently the best-studied Region of Greece regarding biospeleology. Although it covers only 6.3% of the national area, the faunistically investigated caves represent 35% of the investigated caves of Greece while the recorded cave fauna includes 30% of the cavernicolous species of Greece. In total, 250 species belonging to 166 genera, 83 families, 36 orders, 13 classes, and 5 phyla, have been recorded from 158 caves. The most diverse groups are Araneae (64 species), Isopoda (29 species), Gastropoda, Copepoda, and Coleoptera (21 species each), Pseudoscorpiones (17 species) and Chiroptera (15 species). Among the invertebrate species, 102 are endemic to Greece of which 92 are Cretan endemics. The obligate cavernicolous fauna includes 42 species, most of them in Isopoda (13), Araneae (11) and Pseudoscorpiones (11). Only 3 species are distributed outside Greece, the isopods Libanonethes probosciferus Vandel, 1955 and Trichonethes kosswigi Strouhal, 1953.
The cave habitats and the cave fauna of Greece are quite neglected in Greece’s environmental legislation and policy. Furthermore, there is an implementation gap in the environmental law. In Crete, 62 out of the previously mentioned 158 caves happened to be situated within protected areas (wildlife refuges and/or Natura 2000 sites). With the exception of the bat species, no other cave associated species is protected by specific law. Further efforts are also needed to assess the conservation status of most of the species. Out of 250 species only 35 have been assessed for IUCN Red List and 51 for Greece’s Red Data Book. Most of them are bats, gastropods and isopods.
« Manger pour soi-même » en zone forestière ivoirienne
Authors: Montaz Léo 
Published: September 2018

Les espaces ruraux ivoiriens connaissent, depuis les années 1980, un processus migratoire dit de « retour à la terre » auquel participent majoritairement des jeunes hommes revenant vers leur village paternel. À travers les parcours de vie de ces jeunes, cet article questionne les reconfigurations en cours des rapports aînés/cadets dans la zone forestière du Centre-Ouest ivoirien. En transposant l’expérience urbaine dans les villages, parfois brutalement, ces jeunes hommes proposent de nouveaux modes d’organisation qui doivent permettre à chacun de s’autonomiser ou de « manger pour soi-même », loin du mode de vie des aînés. Mais ce processus ne va pas sans d’importantes résistances qui questionnent les possibilités réelles d’autonomisation de ces jeunes.
L’effet causal du nombre d’enfants sur l’offre de travail des mères : le cas de la France métropolitaine et de ses départements d’outre-mer
Authors: Fontaine Idriss 
Published: September 2018

Nous étudions l’effet causal d’un accroissement du nombre d’enfants sur l’activité des mères en distinguant la France métropolitaine de ses départements d’outre-mer. À partir d’un modèle à variables instrumentales, exploitant deux sources exogènes de fécondité (les naissances gémellaires et la non-mixité sexuelle des aînés), nous trouvons que l’ampleur de l’effet causal négatif diffère selon le territoire considéré. Ainsi, pour une mère réunionnaise, avoir plus de deux (resp. trois) enfants réduit la probabilité de participation d’environ 12,5 (resp. 13,9) points de pourcentage. Le même effet est significativement moins élevé en France métropolitaine où il s’élève à 8,9 (resp. 7,4) points. Les départements de Martinique, Guadeloupe et Guyane se distinguent de La Réunion dans la mesure où l’effet causal n’est pas significativement différent de celui observé en France métropolitaine. Nous montrons également que l’ampleur de l’impact causal varie 1) avec l’âge de l’enfant le plus jeune, 2) avec le niveau de diplôme de la mère et 3) au sein des régions de France métropolitaine.
Banalización de la violencia y usos políticos del culto a los « mártires » y « caídos » de la « Cruzada » en el primer franquismo
Authors: Carballés Jesús Alonso 
Published: September 2018

L'article analyse la consécration dans l'espace public de la mémoire des martyrs et des morts au combat de la guerre d’Espagne à partir de la catégorie de « mythe de la guerre » de George L Mosse. L'auteur étudie ainsi la sacralisation des morts dans le conflit comme un exemple remarquable de la banalisation de la violence de la guerre pendant le premier franquisme et leurs usages politiques. L'article aborde notamment les inaugurations de quelques monuments aux morts et de mausolées érigés au Pays basque, avec une attention particulière aux discours prononcés dans ce contexte par les autorités franquistes, des homélies patriotiques dans lesquelles on défendait la nécessité inéluctable de perpétuer l’exemple des morts sacrifiés comme la seule issue pour la survie du régime.
Revolución y amnistía en Argentina. La definición de las esferas civil y militar en el levantamiento radical de febrero de 1905
Authors: Reali María Laura 
Published: September 2018

Le cycle de soulèvements armés qui a eu lieu en Argentine entre les années 1890 et 1905 a été perçu et légitimé par ses acteurs comme étant une forme de participation politique alternative et en quelque sorte « complémentaire » de la lutte électorale. Plus précisément, l’étendard du droit à la rébellion face à des gouvernements en manque de légitimité –que ce soit de par leurs origines ou leur fonctionnement– a été arboré pour justifier les actions armées menées par des acteurs qui les définissent comme une « révolution ». La violence politique a trouvé un cadre de légitimation qui jouait un rôle au moment d’établir les lois d’amnistie souvent successives aux actions répressives à l’encontre des révolutionnaires. A travers ce prisme on peut analyser un ensemble de problématiques centrales de l’Argentine du centenaire, telles que la question de l’ordre social, les controverses autour du recours traditionnel aux armes dans le cadre d’un État qui se voulait moderne et progressiste, la place des forces armées tiraillées entre discipline et engagement politique, les transformations du système judiciaire et, notamment, de la justice militaire, la qualification des délits et la perception de l’adversaire. En abordant tout particulièrement la révolution radicale de 1905, ce travail propose une réflexion préliminaire à propos de certaines de ces questions.
Intelligence artificielle et robotisation : la performance de l’IA au prix de la relation humaine ?
Authors: Bourdaire-Mignot Camille , Gründler Tatiana 
Published: September 2018

États généraux de la bioéthique (rapport de synthèse du Comité consultatif national d’éthique) : huitième billet*On serait bien en peine de citer un domaine qui échappe aux questions liées à l’intelligence artificielle (IA) et à la robotisation tant les applications de ces nouvelles technologies sont diverses et ont vocation à transformer notre monde. Le domaine de la santé ne fait évidemment pas exception à ce constat. Il a même été, avec les transports, l’environnement et la défense, identifié par le rapport Villani comme l’un des quatre secteurs stratégiques de l’IA1. Or, en matière médicale, l’IA et la robotisation posent d’importantes questions éthiques, tant au moment de la conception des systèmes numériques et des algorithmes que lors de leur utilisation. Il était donc impérieux que ce sujet, absent des dernières révisions des lois de bioéthiques, intègre le périmètre des États généraux. La thématique a plutôt suscité l’intérêt des citoyens et de quelques institutions comme la CNIL et la HAS, qui ont, de manière assez unanime, fait part de leur conviction que ces nouvelles technologies sont source de progrès importants dans le domaine de la santé, sur le plan strictement thérapeutique comme plus largement médical et organisationnel. Dans le même temps, les différents contributeurs ont exprimé des craintes fortes sur le devenir de la relation patient-médecin et la perte de contrôle de l’expertise humaine sur les algorithmes. Ils ont posé comme ligne rouge que la machine ne remplace jamais l’être humain.
Validity and Reliability of Peer Assessment Rating Index Measurement Derived from Digital and Plaster Models
Authors: Peh Yew Jia , Chew Ming Tak , Wong Hung Chew , Yow Mimi 
Published: September 2018

Aims
The aim of the study was to determine the validity and reliability of Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index score derived from digital and plaster models of the same patient.

Subjects and Methods
Thirty orthodontic plaster study models were digitalized using the 3Shape R700™ Orthodontic 3D scanner. PAR Index scoring was carried out on both the plaster and digital models by one independent examiner calibrated in the PAR Index. The measurements were repeated at a second sitting. Measurements were made on plaster models with the PAR Index ruler and on digital models with the 3Shape OrthoAnalyzer™ software.

Statistical Analysis Used
Bland-Altman plots were used to test for validity and intraexaminer reliability.

Results
For PAR Index score, overjet and overbite component scores, 28 out of 30 measurements were within 95% limits of agreement. Other components of the PAR Index score had all points within 95% limits of agreement. For intraexaminer reliability, digital models had 28 out of 30 measurements and plaster models had 27 out of 30 measurements that were within 95% limits of agreement.

Conclusions
Digital models are a clinically acceptable alternative to plaster models in the measurement of the PAR Index. Improvement in software design is necessary to attain greater agreement in the measurement of the overjet and overbite components of the PAR index score between plaster and digital models.
Tofacitinib in the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis: position statement of experts of the Polish Society for Rheumatology
Authors: J. Kucharz Eugeniusz , Stajszczyk Marcin , Kotulska-Kucharz Anna , Batko Bogdan , Brzosko Marek , Jeka Sławomir , Leszczyński Piotr , Majdan Maria , Olesińska Marzena , Samborski Włodzimierz , Wiland Piotr 
Published: September 2018

Tofacitinib is a newly approved small-molecule targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug. The drug was designed as a selective and specific inhibitor of pro-inflammatory receptor signalling. Tofacitinib inhibits the process of intracellular signalling from the receptor to the cellular nucleus and inhibits the inflammation process via a new pathway (inhibition of the Janus kinases), which is unavailable to biological medicines.<br />
Tofacitinib has been approved for use in the treatment of patients with moderate to severe active RA. The drug may be used in combination with methotrexate or another conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug or in monotherapy. The efficacy of tofacitinib has been confirmed in several clinical trials. The drug inhibits radiographic progression of the disease. The innovative mechanism of action of tofacitinib is a noteworthy feature because it offers hope of effective treatment for patients who fail to respond to other drugs. The presented article discusses the mechanism of action and the clinical application of tofacitinib. Tofacitinib represents a new group of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs that can be placed on an equal footing with biological drugs already available.
Pharmacoeconomic evaluation of treatment effectiveness with selected biologic treatment in rheumatoid arthritis therapy
Authors: Kowalik Krzysztof , Węgierska Małgorzata , Barczyńska Tacjana , Jeka Sławomir 
Published: September 2018

ObjectivesModern treatment of autoimmune diseases is becoming increasingly widely used. We owe it to the continuous and rapid development of biotechnology, molecular biology, immunology, and biochemistry. The proven effectiveness of biological therapy in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) should result in its widespread use. At present, only about 1% of patients with RA have access to biological therapy in Poland.Material and methodsThe study material was retrospectively collected in the Rheumatology and Systemic Tissue Diseases Clinic and Rheumatology Outpatient Clinic in dr Jan Biziel University Hospital No. 2 in Bydgoszcz 2009–2014. Patients were divided into 3 groups: patient receiving infliximab, etanercept and adalimumab.ResultsThe study involved analyses of cost effectiveness. The time horizon of patient documentation analysis ranged from the time a patient was enrolled to infliximab, etanercept or adalimumab therapy until remission of the disease. The majority of patients achieved remission in the case of adalimumab treatment (85.29%), followed by etanercept (74.07%), then infliximab (37.21%). Taking into account the DAS28 parameter, analysis was performed using medical costs of the analyzed treatment regimens. For this purpose, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was calculated. According to the analysis, obtaining one DAS28 unit, replacing infliximab with etanercept, would cost PLN 40 964 67. Higher costs would be required in the case of replacement of infliximab with adalimumab – PLN 43 076 08. Obtaining one additional DAS28 unit (in this case, a decrease in DAS28 by one unit) by introducing adalimumab instead of etanercept would amount to PLN 45 409 74.ConclusionsUndoubtedly, the pharmacoeconomic analysis makes it easier to decide on the appropriate treatment. Therefore, its implementation should be a widely used solution not only for RA, but also for other diseases. Health care and other entities’ systems should also be improved in such a way that the data needed for pharmacoeconomic analysis are fully available.
Interstitial lung disease in systemic sclerosis: challenges in early diagnosis and management
Authors: Chowaniec Małgorzata , Skoczyńska Marta , Sokolik Renata , Wiland Piotr 
Published: September 2018

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a group of lung diseases characterized by thickening of the interstitium surrounding pulmonary alveolar walls. It is related to specific radiographic features in lung imaging and/or the presence of restrictive disorders in pulmonary function tests (PFTs). ILD is one of the leading causes of death in systemic sclerosis patients. Major risk factors of ILD associated with SSc (SSc-ILD) include male sex, diffuse type of cutaneous SSc and presence of anti-Scl-70 antibodies.<br />
SSc-ILD is challenging to diagnose at an early stage as the symptoms are non-specific. The greatest risk of its development is during the 4–5 years after the initial diagnosis of systemic sclerosis. Clinical vigilance at the time, including regular pulmonary function tests and/or high-resolution com-puted tomography (HRCT), is needed. The aim of this paper is to summarize the current knowledge on early diagnostic methods and progression risk factors for SSc-ILD.
The role of diet in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Skoczyńska Marta , Świerkot Jerzy 
Published: September 2018

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic connective tissue disease which develops in the course of an autoimmune inflammatory process triggered by environmental factors in a genetically predisposed person. One of the environmental factors is the diet. RA patients’ adherence to a healthy diet remains low, despite plentiful data confirming positive effects of some foods, e.g. fish rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), as well as the negative influence of unhealthy eating patterns, such as high consumption of fats and sugars, on RA incidence, activity and treatment response. In this review, we present current knowledge on the role of diet in rheumatoid arthritis, including dietary factors’ preventive/promoting influence on RA development, as well as their impact on RA activity. We hope this article will aid and encourage clinicians to recommend a relevant dietary intervention to their RA patients.