bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amazon fish bacterial communities show structural convergence along widespread hydrochemical gradients
Authors: Sylvain François‐Étienne , Holland Aleicia , Audet‐Gilbert Émie , Luis Val Adalberto , Derome Nicolas 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe world's richest freshwater fish community thrives in gradients of contrasting environments in Amazonia, ranging from ion‐poor acidic black waters, to ion‐rich circumneutral white waters. These hydrochemical gradients structure Amazonian fish assemblages via ecological speciation events. Fish bacterial communities contain an important genetic heritage essential for their hosts' survival and are also involved in adaptive divergence via niche adaptation processes, but the extent to which they evolve in response to hydrochemical gradients in Amazonia is unknown. Here we investigated bacterial communities (gut and skin mucus) of two ecologically and phylogenetically divergent host species (Mesonauta festivus and Serrasalmus rhombeus) distributed throughout these hydrochemical gradients. The goal was to characterize intra‐ and interspecific Amazonian fish microbiome variations across multiple scales. Using a 16S metabarcoding approach, we investigated the microbiota of 43 wild M. festivus, 32 S. rhombeus and seven water samples, collected at seven sampling sites encompassing both water colours. Taxonomical structures of bacterial communities from both host species were significantly correlated to the environmental continua of magnesium, sodium, dissolved organic carbon, calcium, dissolved O2, pH, potassium, hardness and chloride. Analysis of discriminating features in community structures across multiple scales demonstrated intra‐ and interspecific structural parallelisms in the response to the hydrochemical gradients. Together, these parallelisms suggest the action of selection on bacterial community structures along Amazonian hydrochemical gradients. Functional approaches along with reciprocal transplant experiments will provide further insights on the potential contribution of Amazonian fish microbiomes in host adaptation and ecological speciation events.
Newly depolymerized large organic N contributes directly to amino acid uptake in young maize plants
Authors: Enggrob Kirsten Lønne , Jakobsen Charlotte Marie , Pedersen Ingeborg Frøsig , Rasmussen Jim 
Published: July 2019

Summary

The contribution of large molecular size organic nitrogen (N) to plant N uptake is unclear.

Soils with and without maize, at three pH levels, were treated with (carbon‐14 and ‐13 (14C, 13C), 15N) triple‐labelled > 100 kDa organic N. After 48 h, soil and maize were sampled for bulk and compound specific isotope analysis to study the turnover in soil and plant 13C and 15N uptake.

Mineralization of > 100 kDa organic N increased with higher pH only in soil without maize. The > 100 kDa organic N disappeared rapidly in soils with and without maize, but surprisingly more > 100 kDa organic N derived amino acids remained in soil with than without maize – most likely in the microbial biomass. Total 15N uptake in maize increased with higher soil pH. The organic N uptake was estimated to account for 20–30% of the total 15N uptake. Organic N uptake was confirmed by the presence of 13C‐labelled amino acids in maize roots.

The study suggests that the importance of plant organic N uptake increases when N is derived from complex molecules such as proteins compared to studies using single amino acids as N source, and that rhizosphere microorganisms increase anabolic utilization of organic N compared to microorganisms in the bulk soil.
Time to talk knowledge
Authors: Taylor Mike 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAs part of the secondary school qualification repackaging, the Ministry of Education has requested the geography education community define what constitutes their “critical body of knowledge.” In this article, I discuss three knowledge‐oriented themes focused on: (a) recent assessment trends in geography; (b) the predictive value of NCEA Level 3 geography with 100‐level success and (c) the nature of knowledge as expressed by the New Zealand Curriculum and assessment. Taken together, these themes suggest a need for a serious conversation about knowledge in school geography, as a pre‐cursor to the re‐design of the geography standards matrix.
The use of Animals at Roman Roadside Settlements in Britain: Contextualizing some new Results from Ware, Hertfordshire
Authors: Wright Elizabeth , Tecce Sofia , Albarella Umberto 
Published: July 2019

SummaryRecent analysis of a large faunal assemblage from a Roman roadside settlement at Ware, Hertfordshire has indicated potentially strong links between the nature of animal exploitation on site and its location on Ermine Street. Animal husbandry was focused on the production of cattle and sheep, both of which had experienced stock ‘improvement’ by the late Roman period. Relatively high proportions of horse, and the presence of young horses, suggest the importance of this animal and the potential for its local breeding; the site could have acted as a station for changing or selling horses. The presence of marine fish and black rat also indicate clear links to the wider trade network. This was not an isolated settlement, outside the sphere of Roman influence, as rural Roman sites are often considered to be, but well‐connected to wider economic networks. This paper places these new results in context, by providing a review of faunal assemblages from Roman roadside settlements across Britain. The review indicates that most of the characteristics of animal exploitation at Ware are shared with other roadside settlement sites, though interesting differences also emerge.
Use of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) therapy in pediatric diabetes patients in the perioperative period
Authors: Vanderhoek Samuel M. , Wolf Risa M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDiabetes mellitus is one of the most common endocrinopathies encountered in the perioperative period, and the pediatric population is increasingly using continuous subcutaneous insulin infusions for diabetes management. As these patients present for procedures or surgery requiring anesthesia, the anesthesia provider is charged with the task of managing these pumps perioperatively. Here, we review our experience from a large tertiary care academic medical center and propose recommendations for the perioperative management of children and adolescents with diabetes who use insulin pumps.
Characterization of four polymorphic genes controlling red leaf colour in lettuce that have undergone disruptive selection since domestication
Authors: Su Wenqing , Tao Rong , Liu Wenye , Yu Changchun , Yue Zhen , He Shuping , Lavelle Dean , Zhang Weiyi , Zhang Lei , An Guanghui , Zhang Yu , Hu Qun , Larkin Robert M. , Michelmore Richard W. , Kuang Hanhui , Chen Jiongjiong 
Published: July 2019

SummaryAnthocyanins protect plants from biotic and abiotic stressors and provide great health benefits to consumers. In this study, we cloned four genes (Red Lettuce Leaves 1 to 4: RLL1 to RLL4) that contribute to colour variations in lettuce. The RLL1 gene encodes a bHLH transcription factor, and a 5‐bp deletion in some cultivars abolishes its function to activate the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. The RLL2 gene encodes an R2R3‐MYB transcription factor, which was derived from a duplication followed by mutations in its promoter region. The RLL3 gene encodes an R2‐MYB transcription factor, which down‐regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis through competing with RLL2 for interaction with RLL1; a mis‐sense mutation compromises the capacity of RLL3 to bind RLL1. The RLL4 gene encodes a WD‐40 transcription factor, homologous to the RUP genes suppressing the UV‐B signal transduction pathway in Arabidopsis; a mis‐sense mutation in rll4 attenuates its suppressing function, leading to a high concentration of anthocyanins. Sequence analysis of the RLL1‐RLL4 genes from wild and cultivated lettuce showed that their function‐changing mutations occurred after domestication. The mutations in rll1 disrupt anthocyanin biosynthesis, while the mutations in RLL2, rll3 and rll4 activate anthocyanin biosynthesis, showing disruptive selection for leaf colour during domestication of lettuce. The characterization of multiple polymorphic genes in this study provides the necessary molecular resources for the rational breeding of lettuce cultivars with distinct levels of red pigments and green cultivars with high levels of health‐promoting flavonoids.
Obesity and underweight: Serious health problems in Iranian primary school children
Authors: Emamian Mohammad Hassan , Hashemi Hassan , Fotouhi Akbar 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundChildhood obesity is increasing around the world. Compared with developed countries, the rate of increase is 30% higher in developing countries, where the monitoring of obesity and overweight is essential. This study investigated the prevalence of obesity, overweight, thinness, and stunting in primary school students in Shahroud, Iran.MethodsA total of 5,620 primary students were enrolled during 2015. In rural areas all students were invited to participate, while cluster sampling was used in urban areas and 200 classrooms were selected randomly as clusters. Height, weight and body mass index Z‐scores for age (HAZ,WAZandBAZ) were calculated based on World Health Organization standard. The mean indices and prevalence of obesity, overweight, thinness, and stunting were calculated by education level, gender, and place of residence. Prevalence of obesity and overweight was estimated also by international obesity task force definition.ResultsThe meanWAZ,HAZ, andBAZwere 0.050 ± 1.25, 0.005 ± 0.98, and 0.076 ± 1.35, respectively. These indices in rural areas were significantly lower than those in urban areas (P< 0.001). Overall, 25.7% of children in urban areas (95%CI: 24.1–27.4) and 14.8% in rural areas (95%CI: 12.3–17.3) were overweight or obese, and 5.1% of rural girls (95%CI: 3.1–7.0) were stunted.ConclusionsCompared with previous studies, obesity and overweight are still rising in Iranian school children, thus more serious interventions are needed. These interventions must also deal with underweight and stunting, particularly in rural areas.
Diagnostic errors in pediatric bacterial osteomyelitis
Authors: Otani Yuki , Aizawa Yuta , Hataya Hiroshi , Horikoshi Yuho 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundClinical evidence for improving diagnostic accuracy in pediatric medicine is still scarce. Septic osteomyelitis is sometimes challenging for physicians to diagnose. The aim of this study was to improve patient care through identifying the incidence and reasons for errors in the diagnosis of bacterial osteomyelitis in pediatric patients.MethodsWe retrospectively identified patients younger than 16 years with acute or chronic osteomyelitis at Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center between April 2010 and September 2017. We extracted data on patient demographics, clinical course, symptoms, locus of the lesions, and diagnosis at presentation and discharge. The patients were categorized into the misdiagnosis and non‐misdiagnosis groups following a review by two pediatricians. Misdiagnosis was defined as a difference between the initial and discharge diagnosis. The factors in the two groups were compared, and the types of error in the misdiagnosis group were examined.ResultsIn total 71 patients were enrolled. The median age and proportion of boys was 7.6 years (IQR, 1.4–11.2 years) and 66%, respectively. Misdiagnosis occurred in 27 patients (38.0%). Precedent antibiotic use was independently associated with misdiagnosis (P = 0.044). A cognitive error was observed in 88.3% of the misdiagnosis group. The median number of types of error per case was 2.0 (IQR, 2.0–3.0).ConclusionsThe misdiagnosis of septic osteomyelitis in pediatric patients was common and chiefly caused by cognitive errors. Eliminating cognitive errors in diagnosis is highly likely to improve the care of patients with osteomyelitis.
Collaborative Brazilian pediatric renal transplant registry (CoBrazPed‐RTx): A report from 2004 to 2018
Authors: de Souza Vandrea Carla , Garcia Clotilde Druck , Pestana Jose Medina , Stopa Martins Suelen Bianca , Porini Custódio Luciana de Fátima , Bittencourt Viviane , Rohde Roberta , Simões Pires Izadora , Camargo Maria Fernanda de , Koch Nogueira Paulo , Feltran Luciana de Santis , Esmeraldo Ronaldo de Matos , Souza Costa Rebeca Carvalho , Schvartsman Benita , Watanabe Andreia , Cunha Mariana Faucz Munhoz da , Santos Romilda , Prates Liliane Cury , Belangero Vera Maria Santoro , Palma Lilian , Takase Henrique Mochida , de Andrade Luiz Gustavo Mondelli , Benini Vanda , Laranjo Martins Simone Paiva , Abbud‐Filho Mario , Fernandes‐Charpiot Ida , Ramalho Horacio , Quaresma Mendonça Ana Carmen , Vasconcelos Mariana Affonso , Andrade Nunes Claudia , Penido de Paula Mariana Guimaraes , Moura Diniz Ferreira Leite Carolina , Russo Enzo Ricardo , Facincani Inalda , Wagner Mario Bernardes 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe Brazilian collaborative registry for pediatric renal transplantation began in 2004 as a multicenter initiative aimed at analyzing, reporting, and disseminating the results of pediatric renal transplantation in Brazil. Data from all pediatric renal transplants performed from January 2004 to May 2018 at the 13 participating centers were analyzed. A total of 2744 pediatric renal transplants were performed in the thirteen participating centers. The median age at transplantation was 12.2 years, with the majority being male recipients (56%). The main underlying diseases were CAKUT (40.5%) and glomerulopathy (28%). 1981 (72%) of the grafts were from deceased donors (DD). Graft survival at one year (censored by death) was 94% in the live donor group (LD) and 91% in the DD group (log‐rank test P < 0.01). The patient’s survival at one and 5 years was 97% and 95% for the LD group and 96% and 93% for the DD group (log‐rank test P = 0.02). The graft loss rate was 19% (n = 517), more frequently caused by vascular thrombosis (n = 102) and chronic graft nephropathy (n = 90). DD recipients had 1.6 (1.0‐2.2) times greater chance of death and 1.5 (1.2‐1.8) times greater chance of graft loss compared to LD recipients. The mortality rate was 5.4% (n = 148), mainly due to infection (n = 69) and cardiovascular disease (n = 28). The results of this collaborative pediatric renal transplant record are comparable to other international registries, although we still have a high infection rate as a cause of death.
Identification ofColletotrichum siamensecausing litchi pepper spot disease in mainland China
Authors: Ling J. F. , Song X. B. , Xi P. G. , Cheng B. P. , Cui Y. P. , Chen X. , Peng A. T. , Jiang Z. D. , Zhang L. H. 
Published: July 2019

Litchi (Litchi chinensis) pepper spot disease results in black spotting symptoms on litchi fruits. This disease was first observed on litchi cultivar Guiwei, in Guangzhou, China, in 2009, and then found widespread in other litchi‐growing regions of China.Colletotrichumisolates were consistently recovered from typical black spot lesions of diseased fruits with frequency ranging from 83% to 100%. Three representativeColletotrichumisolates from Maoming, Guangzhou and Shenzhen were selected for identification and pathogenicity testing in the field. Based on morphology and phylogenetic analysis using the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), calmodulin (CAL), actin (ACT), β‐tubulin (TUB2) and glutamine synthetase (GS) gene sequences, the three isolates were identified asC. siamense. In the pathogenicity experiments, typical symptoms appeared on the inoculated litchi fruits, including black spots and green patches around these black spots. These symptoms were consistent with the symptoms originally observed in the field.Colletotrichum siamensewas successfully reisolated from the typical black spot lesions of the inoculated litchi fruits. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report on characterization ofC. siamenseas the causal agent of litchi pepper spot disease in mainland China by successful inoculation on fruits under field conditions.
Biological and biochemical characteristics of male reproductive system, serum metabolites and carcass quality of Japanese quails by the supplementation of Pinus ponderosa leaves and α‐tocopherol acetate
Authors: Shah Assar Ali , Khan Irfan Ullah , Sahibzada Fayaz Ahmed , Tauseef Isfahan , Kalsoom Umm‐e‐ , Sultana Nighat 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of Pinus ponderosa leaves (pine leaves) and α‐tocopherol acetate (vitamin E) powder on male reproductive system, serum metabolites and carcass characteristics of Japanese quails. A total of 360‐day‐old male quails were purchased from the open market and kept at poultry shed for ninety‐four days. After ten days of adaptation, all quails were randomly assigned into 4 groups, control (IC); supplemented with α‐tocopherol acetate (IE) at the rate of 150 mg/L; Pinus ponderosa leaves (IP) at the rate of 150 mg/L; and 70 mg α‐tocopherol acetate and 70 mg Pinus ponderosa leaves (IEP). Pinus ponderosa leaves and α‐tocopherol acetate supplementation had not significantly (p > .05) effected on final body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio of quails. The high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) and total cholesterol (TC) were significantly (p > .05) affected by IE and IP groups as compared to IC and IEP groups. Triglyceride (TG), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) significantly (p < .05) increased in all treatment groups except for the IC group. Aspartate transaminase (AST) significantly (p > .05) decreased in treatment groups as compared to control group. Overall, the mineral levels significantly (p < .05) increased in treatment groups as compared to control. Cloacal gland index values, the quantity of foam production and testis weight were significantly (p < .05) increased in treatment groups. It was concluded that the supplementation of Pinus ponderosa leaves and α‐tocopherol acetate improved the testis weight, foam production, serum antioxidant enzymes and mineral level especially zinc in Japanese quail considered an indicative characteristic of higher sperm production rate and improved sexual activity. Further, higher gametogenesis rate, sperm production or reproductive behaviour including different hormonal level will be analysed in future study.
MiR‐183 delivery attenuates murine lupus nephritis‐related injuries via targeting mTOR
Authors: Li Xiuzhen , Luo Feng , Li Jie , Luo Congjuan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a vital role in the occurrence and development of many human diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). SLE is an autoimmune disease characterized by the production of autoantibodies against nuclear antigens and multiorgan involvement. Study of miRNAs involved in SLE provides new insights into the pathogenesis of SLE and might lead to the identification of new therapeutic interventions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of miR‐183 injection on the progression of SLE by using MRL/lpr mouse model. The expression levels of miR‐183 and mTOR mRNA were detected by quantitative real‐time PCR assay. The effect of miR‐183 on the course of spontaneous disease progression in the MRL/lpr mice was examined by intraperitoneal injection of miR‐183 into mice and followed by monitoring lifespan, anti‐dsDNA antibody levels, urinary albumin levels, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels, and Tregs and Th17 cell population. We found that miR‐183 injection resulted in reduction of anti‐DNA antibody and immune complex component levels, restoration of Tregs and Th17 cell population and prolongation of survival. Our findings suggest that miR‐183 injection may serve as an effective therapeutic treatment for delaying or easing pathologic features of SLE.
School anxiety and depression among immigrant youth in America: Differences by region of birth and language proficiency
Authors: Kremer Kristen P. , House Nathaniel 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study sought to examine school anxiety and depression by parents’ immigrant status and identify differences by region of birth and language proficiency. Data were used from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study‐Kindergarten Cohort, a nationally representative and longitudinal study of students in the United States. The analytic sample included 6,156 youth. Linear regression models predicted school anxiety and depression of American eighth grade students from English proficiency and parents’ region of birth. Controlling for demographic covariates, there was no significant difference in school anxiety or depression between youth with American‐born parents and those with parents born in any major world region. With the inclusion of an interaction between language proficiency and region of birth, children with limited English proficiency from Europe (B = 2.86, 95% CI = 2.16, 3.55), Central America (B = 1.52, 95% CI = 0.73, 2.31), Asia (B = 1.48, 95% CI = 0.55, 2.40), and South America (B = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.08, 1.61) had significantly heightened school anxiety compared to native‐English speakers with native‐born parents. When considering sources of school anxiety, it was revealed that over 60% of these youth worried about doing well in school. Future research should explore interventions to increase English proficiency and ease school‐related stress among children of immigrants.
Prolonged and persistent diarrhoea is not restricted to children with acute malnutrition: an observational study in Ethiopia
Authors: Zangenberg Mike , Johansen Øystein H. , Abdissa Alemseged , Eshetu Beza , Kurtzhals Jørgen A. L. , Friis Henrik , Sommerfelt Halvor , Langeland Nina , Hanevik Kurt 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the prevalence of prolonged and persistent diarrhoea, to estimate their co‐occurrence with acute malnutrition and association with demographic and clinical factors.MethodsCase–control study where cases were children under 5 years of age with diarrhoea and controls were children without diarrhoea, frequency‐matched weekly by age and district of residency. Controls for cases 0–11 months were recruited from vaccination rooms, and controls for cases 12–59 months were recruited by house visits using random locations in the catchment area of the study sites. Data were analysed by mixed model logistic regression.ResultsWe enrolled 1134 cases and 946 controls. Among the cases, 967 (85%) had acute diarrhoea (AD), 129 (11%) had ProD and 36 (3.2%) had PD. More cases had acute malnutrition at enrolment (17% vs. 4%, P < 0.0001) and more were born prematurely (5.7% vs. 1.8%, P < 0.0001) than controls. About 75% of ProPD cases did not have acute malnutrition. Cases with AD and ProPD had different symptomatology, even beyond illness duration.ConclusionsProPD is common among children presenting with diarrhoea and is not confined to children with acute malnutrition. There is an urgent need for studies assessing causes of ProPD with and without acute malnutrition to develop treatment guidelines for these conditions.