bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Rearing Experience on the Survival, Growth, and Behavior of Hatchery-Reared Largemouth Bass
Authors: Diana Matthew J. , Diffin Brett J. , Einfalt Lisa M. , Wahl David H. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides are commonly stocked throughout their native range, but survival of stocked fish is variable and often low. Hatchery fish may have difficulty switching to natural forage; therefore, providing feeding experience with natural prey in the rearing environment could result in improved growth and survival of Largemouth Bass after stocking. We conducted pond experiments to evaluate differences in growth and survival of Largemouth Bass reared in raceways and fed pellets or in ponds and fed either Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus prey or Fathead Minnow Pimephales promelas prey. Largemouth Bass reared on one of these three diets were stocked into ponds containing Bluegill prey. After 2 months, pellet-reared Largemouth Bass were significantly smaller than fish reared either on Fathead Minnows or Bluegills, whereas fish reared on either Fathead Minnows or Bluegills were similar. Fathead Minnow-reared Largemouth Bass had lower survival than Bluegill-reared fish, but no other survival differences were observed. To determine possible mechanisms influencing differential growth and survival of juvenile Largemouth Bass, we also conducted laboratory experiments examining the influence of prior feeding experience (pellets, Bluegills, or Red Shiners Cyprinella lutrensis) on foraging behavior and prey capture success in pools. Largemouth Bass reared on live forage captured prey faster, ingested more prey, and had higher capture efficiencies than did fish reared on pellets. Combined, pond and laboratory experiments show prior acclimation to live prey may ultimately be beneficial to increasing growth of stocked hatchery Largemouth Bass and could result in increased recruitment. We recommend additional exploration of acclimation of Largemouth Bass fingerlings to natural prey, preferably Bluegills, prior to stocking to determine whether hatchery managers should consider alternative rearing techniques.
Genetic Divergence of Nearby Walleye Spawning Groups in Central Lake Erie: Implications for Management
Authors: Stepien Carol A. , Snyder Matthew R. , Knight Carey T. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Spawning-site philopatry may lead to genetic differentiation among reproductive populations, despite their locations being in close proximity within single bodies of water. Identifying and maintaining locally differentiated spawning groups of Walleye Sander vitreus constitute an agency management priority of the multi-agency Walleye Task Group advisory for the Great Lakes Fishery Commission. Although genetically separable spawning groups of Walleyes have been identified from several areas in the Great Lakes, those in central Lake Erie were previously unknown. The Ohio Division of Wildlife (ODW) collected Walleyes for the present analysis from two spawning groups in Lake Erie's central basin, located just 2 km apart—one in the Grand River, Ohio, and the other at the nearby central basin reef. The hypothesis of whether the two spawning groups were genetically different was tested by analyzing variation at 14 nuclear DNA microsatellite loci from Walleyes (n = 147) reproducing in 2012 at the two sites and among three separate years (1996, 2003, and 2012) in the Grand River (to evaluate temporal trends). Results revealed relatively high genetic diversity in both spawning groups, with the reproductive population in the Grand River having significantly greater allelic richness and representation of private alleles. The Grand River Walleye runs showed a slight temporal decline in allelic richness from 1996 to 2003, which coincided with ODW reports of declining numbers of Walleyes reproducing there. The two spawning groups differed in genetic composition suggesting that they are closely related, yet are separable reproductive subpopulations, with both contributing to the overall diversity of Lake Erie Walleye. Their maintenance and integrity thus may need management attention and further monitoring.
Study of the interaction between dry granular flows and rigid barriers with an SPH model
Authors: He Xuzhen , Liang Dongfang , Wu Wei , Cai Guoqing , Zhao Chenggang , Wang Shun 
Published: April 2018

SummaryThis study uses an incompressible smoothed‐particle hydrodynamics model to investigate the interaction between dry granular material flows and rigid barriers. The primary aim is to summarise some practical guidelines for the design of debris‐resisting barriers. The granular materials are modelled as a rigid‐perfectly plastic material where the plastic flow corresponds to the critical state. The coupled continuity equation and momentum equation are solved by a semi‐implicit algorithm. Compared with flows in controlled flume experiments, the model adequately reproduces both the kinetic of the flows and the impact force under various conditions. Then the numerical simulations are used to study the detailed interaction process. It is illustrated quantitatively that the interaction force consists of two parts, ie, the earth pressure force caused by the weight of the soil and a dynamic force caused by the internal deformation (flowing mass on top of a dead zone). For the estimation of impact load, this study suggests that an increased earth pressure coefficient depending on the Froude number should be incorporated into the hydrostatic model.
Brazil's South–South development cooperation: Principles and experiences of the domestic bureaucracy
Authors: Farias Deborah BL 
Published: April 2018

SummaryHow did Brazilian bureaucrats view President Lula's approach to the provision of development assistance in the context of South–South cooperation (SSC)? How did they see their own bureaucracy's role, as a provider of such assistance? This paper addresses these questions within the broad context of Brazil's development assistance program. The analysis begins with an elaboration of the internal legal and political structure supporting the country's provision of development assistance. Then, it addresses the research questions by drawing on original material obtained from 54 interviews, conducted in Brasilia, with diplomats and public servants from 25 federal ministries and institutions directly involved with implementing technical cooperation agreements. Evidence leads to three main observations: (a) the bureaucracies' limited autonomy vis‐à‐vis the Presidency's command of the Brazilian development assistance program; (b) great convergence in the worldviews and principled values upheld by public servants and diplomats in regard to Brazilian foreign policy; and (c) the existence of interbureaucracy complaints and struggles related to the operational side of agreement implementation. These findings are relevant for understanding the inner workings of Brazilian SSC, as well as in comparison to other national bureaucracies' involvement in the conceptualization and implementation of South–South knowledge transfers.
Recent development in mass spectrometry and its hyphenated techniques for the analysis of medicinal plants
Authors: Zhu Ming‐Zhi , Chen Gui‐Lin , Wu Jian‐Lin , Li Na , Liu Zhong‐Hua , Guo Ming‐Quan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIntroductionMedicinal plants are gaining increasing attention worldwide due to their empirical therapeutic efficacy and being a huge natural compound pool for new drug discovery and development. The efficacy, safety and quality of medicinal plants are the main concerns, which are highly dependent on the comprehensive analysis of chemical components in the medicinal plants. With the advances in mass spectrometry (MS) techniques, comprehensive analysis and fast identification of complex phytochemical components have become feasible, and may meet the needs, for the analysis of medicinal plants.ObjectiveOur aim is to provide an overview on the latest developments in MS and its hyphenated technique and their applications for the comprehensive analysis of medicinal plants.MethodologyApplication of various MS and its hyphenated techniques for the analysis of medicinal plants, including but not limited to one‐dimensional chromatography, multiple‐dimensional chromatography coupled to MS, ambient ionisation MS, and mass spectral database, have been reviewed and compared in this work.ResultsRecent advancs in MS and its hyphenated techniques have made MS one of the most powerful tools for the analysis of complex extracts from medicinal plants due to its excellent separation and identification ability, high sensitivity and resolution, and wide detection dynamic range.ConclusionTo achieve high‐throughput or multi‐dimensional analysis of medicinal plants, the state‐of‐the‐art MS and its hyphenated techniques have played, and will continue to play a great role in being the major platform for their further research in order to obtain insight into both their empirical therapeutic efficacy and quality control.
Improving the dielectric performance of poly(vinylidene fluoride)/polyaniline nanorod composites by stretch‐induced crystal transition
Authors: Yu Shuangmin , Wang Gengchao 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe introduction of conductive polyaniline (PANI) can significantly improve the dielectric constant of polymer‐based materials. However, there is a drawback of high dielectric loss. Herein, a simple and efficient stretching process was applied to improve the dielectric performance of poly(vinylidene fluoride)/PANI (PVDF/PANI) nanorod films through the stretch‐induced crystal transition from non‐polar α‐crystal to polar β‐crystal in PVDF and the oriented distribution of PANI nanorods. XRD, DSC and Fourier transform IR analyses indicate that the stretched PVDF and stretched PVDF/PANI films possess a high content of β‐crystal at the stretching temperature of 135 °C under a stretching ratio of 200%–400%. Furthermore, the stretched PVDF/PANI film with 10 wt% PANI displays a high dielectric constant of 338 at 100 Hz, which is increased by 20% compared to non‐stretched PVDF/PANI film (281). More importantly, the corresponding dielectric loss is reduced from 0.31 for the non‐stretched film to 0.17 for the stretched film. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Tailoring the Surface Structures of CuPt and CuPtRu 1D Nanostructures by Coupling Coreduction with Galvanic Replacement
Authors: Mathurin Leanne E. , Benamara Mourad , Tao Jing , Zhu Yimei , Chen Jingyi 
Published: April 2018

Abstract1D metal nanostructures exhibit unique properties due to their high aspect ratio for use in many applications including electrocatalysis. This work develops a solution‐based approach to 1D multimetal nanostructures with tunable surface structures by combining the two processes of coreduction and galvanic replacement. In this approach, noble metals of Pt and Ru are reduced in the presence of in situ formed Cu seeds. At high concentrations of noble metal precursors, coreduction dominates over galvanic replacement, leading to overgrowth of ultrafine, particulate, or branched structures on the surface of the 1D nanostructures. The surface roughness and composition can be tuned by varying the concentrations of noble metal precursors. The electrochemical reactivity is not only affected by the surface roughness (i.e., the size of particulates and the level of branches) but also the surface composition (i.e., the amount of Pt content). For trimetallic nanostructures, the alloy composition prevents the dissolution of Ru thereby improving electrocatalytic stability of the catalyst under acidic conditions. The structure–property study reveals that the surface structure plays an important role in tailoring the electrocatalytic property of a catalyst.
Translational regulation of ribosomal protein S15 drives characteristic patterns of protein‐mRNA epistasis
Authors: Mallik Saurav , Basu Sudipto , Hait Suman , Kundu Sudip 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDo coding and regulatory segments of a gene co‐evolve with each‐other? Seeking answers to this question, here we analyze the case of Escherichia coli ribosomal protein S15, that represses its own translation by specifically binding its messenger RNA (rpsO mRNA) and stabilizing a pseudoknot structure at the upstream untranslated region, thus trapping the ribosome into an incomplete translation initiation complex. In the absence of S15, ribosomal protein S1 recognizes rpsO and promotes translation by melting this very pseudoknot. We employ a robust statistical method to detect signatures of positive epistasis between residue site pairs and find that biophysical constraints of translational regulation (S15‐rpsO and S1‐rpsO recognition, S15‐mediated rpsO structural rearrangement, and S1‐mediated melting) are strong predictors of positive epistasis. Transforming the epistatic pairs into a network, we find that signatures of two different, but interconnected regulatory cascades are imprinted in the sequence‐space and can be captured in terms of two dense network modules that are sparsely connected to each other. This network topology further reflects a general principle of how functionally coupled components of biological networks are interconnected. These results depict a model case, where translational regulation drives characteristic residue‐level epistasis—not only between a protein and its own mRNA but also between a protein and the mRNA of an entirely different protein.
Electrokinetic Potential, Thermal and Microscopic Investigation of Surfactant‐Polymer Templates on Precipitated Calcium Carbonate Morphology with Dynamic Simulation
Authors: Patel Dhruvi , Kuperkar Ketan C. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMorphology modification in the synthesized Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC) is done using template made of surfactant: cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) with different linear polymers: polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl acetate (PVAc), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and Pluronics® (tri‐block copolymers: PEO‐PPO‐PEO): F98 and F127. In this work, we report a systematic physico‐chemical characterization of such surfactant‐polymer templates. The idea of electrostatic interaction is conceived from electrokinetic/zeta potential (ζ) variation as a function of different polymers used in the surfactant‐polymer template. ζ value highlighted the plausible adsorbed potential at shear plane of PCC resulting in the varied structural changes which are evidently been supported by microscopic findings. Further, the thermal study provided quantitative and qualitative information of the decomposition due to mass loss. In addition, molecular simulations were performed to correlate the nano‐scale morphology changes occurring in PCC using Density Functional Theory (DFT)/B3LYP with basis set 3–21G method.
Preparation and Electrochemical Properties of Rice Husks Based Li2MnSiO4Cathode Materials
Authors: Li Yi , Li Xuehua , Qi Hui , Yu Kaifeng , Dou Yanli 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPorous Li2MnSiO4/C nanocomposite has been synthesized via a solid‐state reaction using rice husks as raw material, in which cubic‐like Li2MnSiO4 nanoparticles are uniformly distributed in the porous carbon layer, as high stability and capacity lithium‐ion cathode materials. Compared to Li2MnSiO4/C, the as‐prepared porous nanocomposite delivers a high initial discharge/charge specific capacity of 479.6/321.9 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C and a superior cycling stability (276.9/242.2 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C after 50 cycles of charge‐discharge cycle). In addition, the porous Li2MnSiO4/C exhibits an excellent rate performance that it still has a discharge specific capacity of 163.2 mAh g−1 even at 1 C. Its outstanding electrochemical properties are attributed to the unique porous carbon nanostructure, which not only improves the conductivity of the material, but also facilitates the transfer of ions in the material. This facile and low‐cost of porous Li2MnSiO4/C cathode material has great potential in the future development of lithium ion batteries.
Pd‐Polypyrrole Nanocomposite in Environmentally Friendly Synthesis of Vinylnitriles Using K4Fe(CN)6
Authors: Magdesieva Tatiana V. , Nikitin Oleg M. , Polyakova Olga V. , Sazonov Petr K. , Zolotukhina Ekaterina V. , Gor'kov Konstantin V. , Samarov Alexander V. , Vorotyntsev Mikhail A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAn efficient cyanation of vinyl bromides, activated chlorides and mesylates with K4Fe(CN)6 has been performed using palladium polypyrrole nanocomposite. The reactions are clean and high yielding. They are highly stereoselective furnishing (E)‐nitriles from (E)‐halides and Z‐nitriles from Z‐halides. Chemoselective cyanation of sp2(vinyl)‐Br bond in the presence of sp2(aryl)‐Br is possible. The additional advantages offered by the suggested catalytic system are operational simplicity and the environmentally friendly synthetic methodology (no toxic ligands and the possibility to use environmentally benign aqueous solutions). The catalyst is active under heating and under MW irradiation; it can be reused at least three times.
Functionalized Bis(triazolyl)phenylmethanol–palladium(II) Catalysts for Cross Coupling Reactions in Water
Authors: Ampawa Supanan , Kethong Chanin , Kiriratnikom Jiraya , Phomphrai Khamphee , Sangtrirutnugul Preeyanuch 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPdII‐bis(triazolyl)phenylmethanol complexes bearing different groups (i. e., H, OMe, OH, COOH) directly attached to the benzyl rings were explored as precatalysts for copper‐free Sonogashira and Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reactions in water. Crystal structures reveal a bidentate N,N binding mode of the bis(triazolyl) ligands affording a distorted square planar PdII complexes. With the exception of the phenol‐substituted bis(triazolyl) ligands, the other three Pd complexes exhibited high activities toward Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reactions. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study and PPh3 poisoning experiments confirm that bis(triazoly)‐stabilized Pd nanoparticles (Pd NPs) were generated in situ during the catalytic reactions and involved as one of the active catalytic species in the Suzuki–Miyaura cross coupling.
River‐Specific Gene Expression Patterns Associated with Habitat Selection for Key Hormone‐Coding Genes in Glass Eel‐Stage American Eels
Authors: Gaillard Mélanie , Pavey Scott A. , Bernatchez Louis , Audet Céline 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe glass eel stage of the American Eel Anguilla rostrata marks the onset of the catadromous migration into estuarine or freshwater habitats, and the endocrine mechanisms underlying this habitat selection are still not well understood. Using a candidate genes approach, the aim of this study was to test for different patterns of gene expression related to (1) salinity preferences and/or (2) capture site to predict physiological differences between migratory behaviors. We performed analyses revealing the expression of genes coding for key hormonal factors or their receptors on glass eel‐stage American Eels collected at the mouths of three rivers on the east coast of Canada (Grande‐Rivière‐Blanche, St. Lawrence estuary; Rivière‐Saint‐Jean, Gaspé Peninsula; and the Mersey River, Nova Scotia); eels from the three systems displayed different salinity preferences (brackish water/salt water/freshwater) under laboratory conditions. Transcripts from genes coding for prolactin (PRL), thyroid‐stimulating hormone β subunit, type‐2 iodothyronine deiodinase (DIO‐2), thyroid hormone receptors αa and αb (THRαa and THRαb), growth hormone (GH), insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1), and their respective receptors (GH‐R1 and IGF‐1R) were all detected in glass eels. No differences in the expression patterns were detected pertaining to salinity preference, but strong differences were found among rivers. Rivière‐Saint‐Jean glass eels, which were the longest and the least pigmented among the three rivers, were characterized by the highest expression of PRL, DIO‐2, and THRαb. Those from Grande‐Rivière‐Blanche showed an increase in IGF‐1R. Glass eels captured from these two rivers also exhibited the highest expression of GH and GH‐R1. Overall, these results confirm gene × environment interactions at the gene expression level when glass eels settle into their continental habitat. As such, our results also support the concept of the presence of different ecotypes in the Atlantic Canadian coast and in the estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence.
An actuator disk method with tip‐loss correction based on local effective upstream velocities
Authors: Moens Maud , Duponcheel Matthieu , Winckelmans Grégoire , Chatelain Philippe 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis work aims at assessing the performance of a tip‐loss correction for advanced actuator disk (AD) methods coupled to large eddy simulation and making this correction possible in a wind farm configuration. The classical Glauert tip‐loss factor, commonly used in the blade element momentum method, is added here to correct the tip and the root induced velocities at the rotor. However, it requires a reference upstream velocity, which is problematic to define in complex flows, such as in wind farms. A methodology is proposed here to infer an effective upstream velocity local to each disk element, based on the one‐dimensional momentum theory and using only the local data at the rotor. This estimation is verified through a set of simulations, leading to good results in spite of the crude assumptions of the one‐dimensional momentum theory. This AD supplemented with the tip‐loss correction is compared with a high fidelity vortex particle‐mesh method, through the simulations in uniform wind of a constant circulation wind turbine and of a more realistic machine, the NREL‐5MW rotor. The results show that the AD behavior is clearly improved by the addition of a tip‐loss factor and the potential errors on the effective upstream velocity estimation have a moderate impact on the tip‐loss correction.
Transformation of Higher Education Institutional Landscape in Post-Soviet Countries: From Soviet Model to Where?
Authors: Smolentseva Anna , Huisman Jeroen , Froumin Isak 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis chapter introduces the project that aimed at mapping the institutional landscape changes in higher education in 15 post-Soviet countries. The project takes the Soviet legacy as a point of departure and describes and analyses the important developments that took place with the fall of the Soviet system and the impacts these developments had on the landscape. Key developments pertain to, for example, the change from a state-dominated ideology to a steering philosophy with many market elements, finding a new balance between supply and demand, international developments and demographic developments. The landscapes have changed significantly with the emergence of non-state providers, a reconfiguration of “traditional” institutions (universities, academies, institutes) and also a growth in the public sectors of higher education.