bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Heuristic‐Based Invariable Step‐Size Zero‐Attracting Modified Normalized Least Mean Square for Efficient Channel Estimation in Broadband Wireless Communication System
Authors: Iniyavan R. , Vijayalakshmi B. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe stability of the broadband channel estimation capabilities is provided by the normalized least mean square (NLMS) approaches. When compared to compression sensing‐based algorithms, the NLMS is very effective to perform in the channel estimation model, and also, the computational complexity of these algorithms is very low. But the important drawback of these algorithms is the intrinsic sparsity of broadband communication channels is not effectively utilized in these systems. The channel sparsity is exploited using invariable step‐size zero‐attracting NLMS algorithms in the adaptive sparse channel estimation techniques. The best trade‐off between the computational complexity and the cost function cannot be obtained, and the convergence rate is low in the ISS‐ZA‐NLMS, and a new algorithm is developed with the help of existing ISS‐ZA‐NLMS. The objective of this research work is to develop a novel channel estimation mechanism for broadband wireless communication systems using the enhanced NLMS method with the usage of a hybrid heuristic strategy. This work designs and develops an efficient channel estimation technique named as hybrid heuristic‐based invariable step‐size zero‐attracting modified NLMS for enhancing efficiency. The heuristic algorithms like rat swarm optimizer and red deer algorithm are fused together to get hybrid rat red deer swarm optimization for estimating the channels with higher efficiency. The main scope of the implemented scheme is to offer better performance regarding the mean square error (MSE) measures. The simulation analysis is made finally to estimate the performance of the investigated HH‐ISS‐ZA‐MNLMS with the comparison of conventional approaches.
Multiobjective Secure Trust Aware Redundant Array Shifting Encryption and Clustering Based Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Authors: Prasanna K. S. , Ramesh B. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTMobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are characterized by their self‐configuring and decentralized nature in wireless networking. In MANETs, energy‐constrained devices face increased packet loss due to malicious nodes, leading to higher delays and energy consumption. Addressing this issue is crucial to improve network performance and efficiency. Therefore, to overcome these issues, a multiobjective secure trust‐aware redundant array shifting encryption adaptive sparrow search optimization (MORS‐ASO) was introduced in this manuscript for secure data transmission in MANETs. This encryption enhances security by distributing data across multiple nodes and dynamically shifting it, making it more resistant to attacks and unauthorized access. The hybrid integrated cat swarm optimization is the combination of integrated optimization algorithm and cat swarm optimization. Adaptive sparrow search optimization is applied to carry out the data transmission securely. The proposed method helps to offer security against various routing disruption attacks, genuine and hurtful attack. The MORS‐ASO achieves a packet delivery ratio of 94.3%, an end‐to‐end delay of 3.362 s, a throughput of 2952.7548 bps, and a jitter of 1.245 ms. Also, it consumes 32 joules of energy, supports a network lifetime of 3500 s, and has a packet loss ratio of 19%.
Neogene drainage evolution of SW Anatolia (Türkiye): Integration of morphotectonics, drainage and denudation analyses
Authors: van Heiningen Pieter S. , Kaymakci Nuretdin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study integrates denudation analysis with morphotectonic characteristics, facies associations and drainage analysis to investigate the landscape evolution of SW Anatolia. Age‐Elevation Relationship (AER) plots of published thermochronological data from drainage divides, valleys and preserved paleo‐geomorphological landscape remnants provide insight into the region's drainage evolution. Cooling and denudation events identify the timing of divide formation, windgap formation and divide breaching, which leads to watergap formation.We have subdivided SW Anatolia into distinct morphotectonic domains. Among these, the Gediz and Büyük Menderes faults and the Selimiye Shear Zone fragmented the Menderes Metamorphic Core Complex into three each of which experienced different cooling histories based on denudation analysis utilizing various low‐temperature thermochronometers.Hypsometric integral and channel profile analyses demonstrate significant variation in landscape maturity and drainage basin modifications over time. These analyses, combined with the interpretation and mapping of windgaps, watergaps and stream deflections, as well as the depositional environments of sediments and volcanic sequences, enable the reconstruction of drainage patterns from the early Miocene to Recent.During the middle Miocene, the Sakarya drainage basin dominated central and eastern SW Anatolia, with the Gediz drainage basin being a minor part of the Küçük Menderes basin. The Büyük Menderes drainage basin, in contrast, drained the southern portion of SW Anatolia, while the Bakırçay catchment extended into the northern Gediz basin. By the late Miocene, the Sakarya drainage basin had lost a significant portion of its hinterland to the Gediz basin and several newly isolated basins, while also capturing the Burdur and Beyşehir basins, along with the mid‐ and upstream sections of the Büyük Menderes basin, thereby reducing its area by two‐thirds. In the Pliocene, the Gediz drainage basin contracted by approximately 80%, while the Büyük Menderes basin expanded to absorb the Gediz and Tavas basins. During the Quaternary, the Büyük Menderes basin further shrank by around 60% as isolated basins formed in the east. Recent tectonic activity has led to the Gediz basin recapturing parts of its upstream area, while the Büyük Menderes basin regained previously isolated sections of the Gediz basin. The Dalaman and Eşençay basins also captured upstream isolated basins, while the Burdur basin was captured by the Aksu River, isolating the Beyşehir basin from Burdur.These episodes of drainage reorganization are driven by dynamic topography, influenced by slab‐edge processes and intensified by the westward escape of the Anatolian Block. The westward motion, combined with slab‐tear‐driven vertical movements, has led to substantial reconfiguration of the drainage networks in SW Anatolia over time.
Willingness to Care—Financial Incentives and Caregiving Decisions
Authors: Rebaudo Mara , Calahorrano Lena , Hausmann Kathrin 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAs population aging will likely lead to an increasing number of people in need of care, the demand for informal care is expected to rise. In this context, it is often discussed whether financial incentives can motivate more individuals to assume caregiving responsibilities. We analyze the potential effect of financial incentives on the provision of informal care by estimating a structural model with endogenous labor supply and caregiving decisions. This allows us to investigate how both individual wages and financial compensations for caregiving affect the caregiving decision, while accounting for heterogeneous preferences. We find that wage increases are associated with a decreased willingness to care. Financially compensating potential carers for the opportunity costs from caregiving significantly increases the probability of providing care. However, across different subgroups, a large share of about 50% of potential carers remains unwilling to provide care despite the financial incentive. For these individuals, factors such as preferences and social norms outweigh financial considerations in their caregiving decision.
Trust as Foundation: Can Nigeria's New Health Workforce Policy Stem the Migration Tide?
Authors: Giwa Ayotunde 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTNigeria's 2024 National Policy on Health Workforce Migration confronts a fundamental challenge: rebuilding trust between healthcare workers and government. Using Mayer, Davis, and Schoorman's organizational trust framework, this analysis explores how trust shapes healthcare workers' migration decisions. Drawing from comparative African experiences and implementation evidence, this paper argues that without addressing core issues of trust through demonstrated policy implementation, sustained commitment to workforce welfare, and competitive compensation, even well‐designed retention policies will struggle to retain Nigeria's health workers.
Global variations in gallbladder cancer incidence: What do recorded data and national estimates tell us?
Authors: Piñeros Marion , Vignat Jerome , Colombet Murielle , Laversanne Mathieu , Ferreccio Catterina , Heise Katy , Mhatre Sharayu , Koshiol Jill , Bray Freddie 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOn a global scale, gallbladder cancer is a relatively rare cancer with a striking variability in incidence across countries and world regions. We examined recent geographic variations worldwide based on national gallbladder cancer incidence estimates for the year 2022 from the GLOBOCAN database for 185 countries alongside recorded incidence data from the most recent volume of Cancer Incidence in Five Continents. In 2022, 122,491 new gallbladder cancer cases and 89,055 deaths were estimated to occur worldwide, of which 64.5% and 64.7% respectively were among females. The highest reported rates (ASR per 100,000) were in subpopulations of Northeastern regions of India and Southern Chile in both males (ASR of 6.1 and 5.3, respectively) and in females, though rates were two times higher than males (ASR of 14.9 and 15.4). The lowest incidence rates were reported in subpopulations of Uganda for males and South Africa for females (0.21 and 0.14, respectively). Recorded gallbladder cancer incidence rates among subnational populations within countries differed considerably from their respective national estimates and revealed a 100‐fold variation in gallbladder cancer, highlighting the importance of subnational population‐based cancer registry data in pinpointing areas of high risk, driving research and prioritizing tailored public health actions.
Pharmacokinetics of Atorvastatin and Metformin after Coadministration with Islatravir in Healthy Adults
Authors: McCrea Jacqueline B. , Patel Munjal , Liu Yang , Vargo Ryan , Witter Rose , Litovsky Andrew , Stoch S. Aubrey , Iwamoto Marian , Matthews Randolph P. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIslatravir, a deoxyadenosine analog that inhibits HIV‐1 replication by multiple mechanisms of action, including reverse transcriptase translocation inhibition, is being developed for use in HIV‐1 treatment. People living with HIV often have comorbidities, such as dyslipidemia or type 2 diabetes mellitus, necessitating long‐term concomitant drug therapy. This nonrandomized, two‐period, fixed‐sequence, open‐label, phase 1, drug‐drug interaction study was conducted to evaluate the effects of islatravir coadministration on atorvastatin and metformin pharmacokinetics (PK) in healthy adults. In period 1, participants received a single dose of atorvastatin 20 mg and metformin 1000 mg. After a 5‐day washout, participants received atorvastatin 20 mg and metformin 1000 mg coadministered with a single oral dose of islatravir 60 mg (period 2). In both periods, blood samples were collected up to 72 h post dose to characterize the plasma PK of atorvastatin and metformin. Safety was monitored throughout the study. Fourteen participants were enrolled and completed the study. Atorvastatin and metformin plasma PK were similar after administration of atorvastatin and metformin with or without islatravir. The geometric mean ratio and 90% confidence interval of the area under the concentration‐time curve from time zero to infinity (AUC0‐∞) for atorvastatin and metformin with or without a single oral dose of islatravir were 1.04 (1.00‐1.10) and 0.87 (0.79‐0.96), respectively. Coadministration of islatravir with atorvastatin and metformin was well tolerated. Overall, coadministration of atorvastatin and metformin with a single oral dose of islatravir did not have a clinically meaningful effect on the PK profiles of either drug.
Realising the potential of participatory research in youth mental health: Time to go back to basics
Authors: Biddle Lucy , Haime Zoë 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe importance of embedding participatory methods within youth mental health research is well accepted and often a funding prerequisite. However, we argue that there is a need to revisit the core values of the approach in order to ensure that participatory methods remain meaningful, effective and authentic. This should entail rigorously examining ‘why’ and ‘how’ to approach participatory methods ‐ not merely outlining the ‘what’ and ‘when’. We need to prioritise the naturalistic epistemic advantage youth can bring to our research, assigning them a unique collaborative role to reflect this rather than seeking to professionalise our participants. Similarly, we should explore innovative methods to empower youth to apply their lived experience and knowledge alongside the researcher. Equally, we must continue to reflect on our roles as researcher, ensuring we develop the skills necessary for participatory research with children and young people.
Guideline concordance of electronic health record order sets for hospital‐based treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome
Authors: Cohen Shawn M. , Kashyap Nitu , Steel Tessa L. , Edelman E. Jennifer , Fiellin David A. , Joudrey Paul J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundTreatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) in hospitals is inconsistent. Electronic health record (EHR) order sets protocolize care.ObjectiveWe examined variation in AWS order sets across hospital organizations and their concordance with AWS guidelines.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study of hospital organization user‐created EHR order sets for AWS extracted from the December 2021 Epic® userweb community library. Hospital organizations with an acute care hospital and 1 AWS order set were included. We measured the proportion of guideline‐concordant care practices within four categories: (1) laboratory assessment, (2) risk assessment for severe AWS and associated management changes, (3) symptom assessment and treatment of AWS, and identification and management of complications and (4) screening, diagnosis, and treatment of unhealthy alcohol use and AUD including medications for alcohol use disorder (MAUD).ResultsNinety‐five organizations with 289 order sets were included. The proportion of organizations with guideline‐concordant laboratory assessments included testing of electrolytes (83%), hepatic function (75%), substance use (83%), and screening for infections (33%). Guidance for assessing risk of severe AWS (34%) and indications for care escalation (63%) used inconsistent definitions. Use of guideline‐concordant medications for AWS (99%) and AWS symptom scores (91%) were nearly universal. MAUD was included by two organizations (2%). A common templated order set was used by 26% of organizations in EHR order sets.ConclusionsWe observed frequent organizational inclusion of guideline‐concordant medications and symptom scores but rare and/or poorly defined guidance for evaluating risk of severe AWS, escalation of care, and MAUD.
Mapping Ecosystem Conservation Priority Based on Social Assessment, a Tool to Assist Land Use Planning
Authors: Ahumada Ma. Luján , Cavallero Laura , Easdale Marcos , Tittonell Pablo , López Dardo R. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe lack of planning regarding the spatial location and extent of different anthropogenic activities (such as agricultural production, biodiversity conservation, tourism, and urbanization) results in unsustainable land use and occupancy. Unplanned land use change threatens the supply of ecosystem services (ES) and thus, human well‐being. Reversing this requires participatory land use planning that includes the stakeholders who inhabit the territory. Here, we analyze the social assessment of ES and its spatial representation on a map of Ecosystem Conservation Priority (ECP). In participatory workshops, we used the Analytic Hierarchy Process to characterize the assessment of stakeholders about the ES provided by forest landscapes. Among the ES analyzed, all stakeholders prioritized ES associated with hydrological regulation (Watershed Conservation Potential). Most stakeholders assigned a lower value to provisioning ES than to supporting and regulating ES, except for Agribusiness and Farmers. In addittion, we integrated social assessments with spatially explicit information through Multicriteria Modeling which allowed us to map ECP. Finally, we generated a map of consensus and dissent regarding ECP which can be used as input for land use planning. The highest consensus levels (86.45%) were mainly located in the upper watershed. In contrast, lower consensus levels (7.88%) were located mainly in plain areas of degraded and fragmented native forests. These results suggest that the ongoing transformation of forest ecosystems is linked to tensions that prioritize urbanization and agricultural activities as opposed to agroforestry land uses. Efforts to prevent the degradation of natural ecosystems require planning that addresses the complexity of social‐ecological systems.
Evolution of Electrothermal Heating and Dielectric Properties of Phenolic Resins During Pyrolysis
Authors: Wright Aniela J. K. , Dasari Smita S. , Banavath Ramu , Deshpande Sayyam , Harkin Ethan M. , Arole Kailash , Sarmah Anubhav , Green Micah J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractElectrothermal heating generated via radio frequency (RF) fields is used to probe the transformation of phenolic resin to a carbon matrix during pyrolysis. Phenolic resin is a single‐stage thermoset that is popular due to its heat resistance, chemical resistance, high strength, and low creep properties. When phenolic resin is subjected to high‐temperature, low‐oxygen treatment (pyrolysis), it is converted to a carbon material useful for many structural applications. Here, neat phenolic resin is pyrolyzed at different temperatures, and the heating response of the newly formed carbon material is tracked when exposed to an RF field. The electrical conductivity of the matrix increased with increasing pyrolysis temperature, with ≈10−4 S m−1 for the neat sample prior to pyrolysis, and ≈102 S m−1 for the sample pyrolyzed at 850 °C. The material's electrothermal response to applied RF fields increases as the material pyrolyzes and becomes conductive; however, at high pyrolysis temperatures, the material becomes sufficiently conductive such that the RF fields are reflected rather than absorbed, and the heating response decreases. The findings of this work show that heating response to RF fields can be used as a quick and easy characterization technique for tracking structural changes associated with phenolic pyrolysis.
Design of Emulsion Polymerization Reactors for Monomer‐Transport Limited Emulsion Polymerization
Authors: Schork Francis Joseph 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDamkohler Number (Da) analysis can identify monomers and emulsion polymerization operating regimes where the polymerization may be monomer‐transport, rather than reaction‐limited. In these cases, the expected monomer concentration in the growing polymer particles will be reduced due to the transport limitation. This will reduce the expected rate of polymerization, and require the design of a larger polymerization reactor for a given production rate. In heterogenous catalysis, an effectiveness factor is used to quantify the reduction in reaction rate and necessarily increase reactor size to compensate. This paper will show that it is possible to use Da (functionally equivalent to the Thiele Modulus in heterogeneous catalysis) to estimate an effectiveness factor for emulsion polymerization. Also shown is a procedure for calculating the monomer feed ratio during binary copolymerization when one must not only take into account the reactivity ratios but also the possibility that one of the monomers is monomer‐transport limited. The method provides the monomer feed ratio during the semibatch phase of a binary copolymerization. This alternative to starved‐feed polymerization shall result in much faster polymerization and higher polymerization kettle utility.
Reactive compatibilization of zinc dimethacrylate on dynamically vulcanized thermoplastic polyurethane/silicone rubber blends
Authors: Li Qiuying , Tang Jie 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/silicone rubber (SR) thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) are considering to be a promising material for smart wearable technologies due to its low temperature and high temperature resistance and biological affinity. However, the poor compatibility between TPU and SR phases limits its practical application. In this paper, TPU/SR TPVs were prepared through dynamic vulcanization and zinc dimethacrylate (ZDMA) was used to improve the interface between TPU and SR phases. FTIR results and theoretical calculation showed that complex reactions including the graft‐polymerization of ZDMA occurred onto the main chains of TPU and SR in the presence of peroxides to form a strong interface and improve the compatibility. Dynamic mechanical analysis implied the difference of glass transition temperature of the two phases reduced from 86.4 to 67.3°C with the addition of 5 wt% of ZDMA compared to original TPVs. Scanning electron microscope showed that with the addition of 5 wt% ZDMA, the crosslinked SR phase formed a network structure when TPU phase was etched with dimethyl sulfoxide. By adding 5 wt% of ZDMA, the torques during mixing, tensile strength, and tear stress of TPVs were improved by 150%, 273%, and 217% respectively, compared to the TPVs without ZDMA.Highlights
The compatibility between TPU and SR was improved by adding ZDMA.
The mechanism for ZDMA enhancing the interface of TPU/SR TPVs was discussed.
The addition of ZDMA improves the mechanical properties of TPU/SR TPVs.
An appropriate loading of ZDMA used for TPU/SR TPVs was discussed.
Exploring temperature effects on compatibility in PS‐b‐PI‐b‐PS block copolymer‐based blends through experimental and molecular dynamics simulation approaches
Authors: Lazim Nurul Hakimah , Shamsudin Siti Aisyah , Mazlan Saiful Amri , Nordin Nur Azmah , Mohd Hidzir Norsyahidah , Takenaka Mikihito 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe poly(styrene‐block‐isoprene‐block‐styrene) (PS‐b‐PI‐b‐PS) block copolymer is known for its self‐assembly characteristics and dual structure that combines rubber and thermoplastic materials. Conventionally, blends of block copolymers are fabricated using the melt blending method, a process that requires high temperatures. This study introduces an energy‐efficient solution blending method to enhance the compatibility between PS‐b‐PI‐b‐PS and natural rubber (NR) latex. NR latex was blended with PS‐b‐PI‐b‐PS in toluene at temperatures of 80, 100, 120, and 150°C and cast to form films. The solution‐blended film prepared at a moderate temperature of 120°C exhibited a maximum tensile strength of 9.48 MPa and was thermally degraded at higher temperature (382°C) than those produced by melt blending. The solution blending method also reduced the surface roughness and the particle size to between 7 and 500 nm and improved the interfacial adhesion in SB‐120°C blend compared to MB‐180°C blend. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated that the improved mechanical performance of the blend was primarily due to enhanced intramolecular bonding, with a maximized bond energy of 20,133 kcal/mol. This work demonstrates an energy‐efficient method with lower processing temperature for preparing polymer blends with improved compatibility suitable for various nanotechnology and engineering applications.Highlights
Solution blending method improves the compatibility.
Tensile strength and interfacial adhesion of the polymer blend improved.
Solution blending reduces the particle size and surface roughness.
Simulation shows an increase in intramolecular bond energy.