bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of modifiable risk factors and relation to stroke and death in patients with atrial fibrillation: A report from the China atrial fibrillation registry study
Authors: Jiang Chao , Lan Di‐Hui , Du Xin , Geng Yan‐Ping , Chang San‐Shuai , Zheng Danni , Chen Jin‐Bo , Yu Rong‐Hui , Sang Cai‐Hua , Long De‐Yong , Tang Ri‐Bo , Zhou Ying‐Chun , Min Yan , Lu Yuan , Dong Jian‐Zeng , Lip Gregory Y.H. , Ma Chang‐Sheng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundLifestyle and risk factor management may improve outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). We aim to evaluate the prevalence of modifiable risk factors and how these factors impact clinical outcomes in patients with AF.Methods and ResultsData on 17 898 AF cohort patients with AF enrolled between 2011 and 2016 was analyzed. A healthy lifestyle was defined as not smoking, not drinking, a healthy body mass index (BMI), untreated total cholesterol less than 200 mg/dL, untreated blood pressure (BP) less than 120/80 mm Hg, and untreated fasting plasma glucose (FPG) less than 100 mg/dL. The association between risk factors and risk of the composite endpoint of all‐cause mortality and nonfatal ischemic stroke were assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression model. Only 4.0% of patients achieved a healthy lifestyle. In multivariate analysis, current smoking, a low BMI, not well‐controlled FPG were independently and significantly associated with higher risk of all‐cause mortality and nonfatal ischemic stroke, with corresponding hazard ratio (HR) estimates 1.22 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00‐1.47), HR = 1.72 (95% CI, 1.34‐2.20), and HR = 1.25 (95% CI, 1.06‐1.46), respectively. High BP was also associated with higher risk with the outcomes (HR = 1.15, 95% CI, 1.00‐1.34). Compared with patients with no risk factor, those who failed to maintained or achieved optimal risk factor control had a progressively higher risk of death and nonfatal ischemic stroke (HR for 1 risk factor = 1.44; 95% CI, 1.07‐1.92; and more than 2 risk factors =  1.75; 95% CI, 0.99‐3.09).ConclusionsMaintenance of well‐controlled risk factors may substantially lower the risk of death and ischemic stroke in patients with AF.
Histamine deficiency delays ischaemic skeletal muscle regeneration via inducing aberrant inflammatory responses and repressing myoblast proliferation
Authors: Abudupataer Mieradilijiang , Zou Weihong , Zhang Weiwei , Ding Suling , Zhou Zheliang , Chen Jinmiao , Li Hui , Zhang Zhiwei , Wang Chunsheng , Ge Junbo , Hong Tao , Yang Xiangdong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHistidine decarboxylase (HDC) catalyses the formation of histamine from L‐histidine. Histamine is a biogenic amine involved in many physiological and pathological processes, but its role in the regeneration of skeletal muscles has not been thoroughly clarified. Here, using a murine model of hindlimb ischaemia, we show that histamine deficiency in Hdc knockout (Hdc−/−) mice significantly reduces blood perfusion and impairs muscle regeneration. Using Hdc‐EGFP transgenic mice, we demonstrate that HDC is expressed predominately in CD11b+Gr‐1+ myeloid cells but not in skeletal muscles and endothelial cells. Large amounts of HDC‐expressing CD11b+ myeloid cells are rapidly recruited to injured and inflamed muscles. Hdc−/− enhances inflammatory responses and inhibits macrophage differentiation. Mechanically, we demonstrate that histamine deficiency decreases IGF‐1 (insulin‐like growth factor 1) levels and diminishes myoblast proliferation via H3R/PI3K/AKT‐dependent signalling. These results indicate a novel role for HDC‐expressing CD11b+ myeloid cells and histamine in myoblast proliferation and skeletal muscle regeneration.
Effects of secukinumab on metabolic and liver parameters in plaque psoriasis patients
Authors: Gerdes S. , Pinter A. , Papavassilis C. , Reinhardt M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundPsoriasis is associated with metabolic, liver and cardiovascular comorbidity. Secukinumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody that selectively neutralizes interleukin‐17A, has shown significant and sustained efficacy in the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis.ObjectivesThis was an exploratory post hoc analysis of pooled data from three phase 3 studies in plaque psoriasis patient populations. The objective was to show the course of metabolic and liver parameters under secukinumab, etanercept or placebo treatment over time. A further objective was to assess the impact of selected comorbidities and metabolic characteristics on high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP), as a surrogate marker of systemic inflammation.MethodsData from the phase 3 randomized controlled trials [FIXTURE (NCT01358578), ERASURE (NCT01365455) and SCULPTURE (NCT01406938); n = 3010] were included in this analysis. Patients were treated with secukinumab 150 mg or 300 mg, placebo or etanercept 50 mg (FIXTURE only) as active comparator. A set of metabolic and liver parameters was longitudinally assessed over 52 weeks. Multivariate regression analyses assessed the impact of selected comorbidities and metabolic characteristics on hs‐CRP levels at baseline and under treatment.ResultsSecukinumab treatment reduced hs‐CRP levels. Body weight and uric acid levels tended to decrease over 52 weeks with secukinumab. Secukinumab showed a neutral effect on fasting plasma glucose, lipid parameters and liver enzymes. Psoriatic arthritis, metabolic syndrome, obesity, impaired glucose metabolism, and hyperuricemia were each associated with increased hs‐CRP levels at baseline. Concomitant obesity attenuated the decline in hs‐CRP under treatment.ConclusionsThese analyses suggest neutral to favourable long‐term trends in metabolic and liver parameters under secukinumab treatment. Metabolic comorbidities were associated with increased hs‐CRP levels, reflecting the role of systemic inflammatory processes in their pathophysiology.
A new revised Graded Naming Test and new normative data including older adults (80–97 years)
Authors: Murphy Patrick , Chan Edgar , Mo Stella , Cipolotti Lisa 
Published: October 2019

The Graded Naming Test (GNT) is commonly used in clinical and research settings to assess nominal functions. However, normative data for the GNT is over 20 years old and norms for the older adult population are rather limited. Hence, confounding factors such as generational familiarity due to cultural changes need to be considered when applying the currently available norms. Moreover, normative data for the older population (80–97) are virtually absent. Such factors can be powerful confounds that can lead to incorrect interpretation of test scores. We gathered data for the GNT from 326 healthy controls aged between 18 and 97 years. Surprisingly, we found no decline in performance for older adults, even for the cohort aged 80–97 years (N = 40). In contrast, the youngest cohort (aged 18–29 years) performed unexpectedly below the whole sample mean. An item‐by‐item analysis revealed that five test items were unfamiliar to the youngest age cohort. To account for this generational familiarity effect, we created a revised 25‐item GNT. The performance of the youngest cohort on the 25‐item GNT was no longer below the whole sample mean. The performance of the oldest cohort (80–97 years old) on the revised GNT was characterized by a significant decline in performance for the oldest cohort with an average NART IQ. By contrast, those with a NART IQ above the average range did not show a decline. This suggests that factors such cognitive reserve arrested the decline in performance in the oldest age cohort with higher premorbid IQ.
Sexual Experimentation in Heterosexual, Bisexual, Lesbian/Gay, and Questioning Adolescents From Ages 11 to 15
Authors: Li Gu , Davis Jacqueline T. M. 
Published: October 2019

To examine adolescent sexuality development, we analyzed data from a British cohort study (N = 5,070), which assessed the same 12–14 sexual activities at ages 11, 12, 13, and 15, and sexual orientation identity at age 15. The sexual activities ranged from low (e.g., cuddling), moderate (e.g., kissing), to high (e.g., sexual intercourse) intensity. We found that most adolescents having sexual activities of low‐to‐moderate intensity with same‐sex individuals also had them with other‐sex individuals, and adolescents having other‐sex contacts of low intensity often reported them nonexclusively. Furthermore, other‐sex and same‐sex sexual activities did not reliably distinguish between sexual orientation identities. Sex differences in these phenomena were absent or small. These findings suggest that many adolescents have low‐intensity nonexclusive sexual behaviors.
Impact of Fathers' Support on Marital Satisfaction and Caregiving Strain: Viewpoints of Mothers of Persons With Intellectual Disability in Hong Kong
Authors: Leung Phil Wai Shun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFathers' support is crucial to relieve mothers' strain as caregivers for persons with intellectual disability (PIDs), but its amount and effectiveness are unknown in Chinese families given the traditional parenting roles. This study aimed to investigate the amount of fathers' support and how it could influence mothers' caregiving strain and marital satisfaction from mothers' perspective. With a cross sectional design, this survey recruited mothers of persons with intellectual disability in Hong Kong through convenient sampling. A total of 154 mothers were recruited. 61.1% of participating mothers reported to receive less than 1 h of support from fathers in their caring work per day. The commonest type of support provided by fathers was help in managing PIDs' misbehaviors (47.7%), followed by providing training to PIDs (45.4%). Higher marital satisfaction was associated with more than 1 h of support per day and higher parenting alliance, as well as the presence of support in training, playing, and managing misbehaviors. In contrast, higher caregiving strain was to a greater extent related to the characteristics of persons with intellectual disability, namely the presence of autism diagnosis, inadequate self‐care abilities, and with challenging behaviors. Surprisingly, caregiving strain was not related to the amount of support mothers received. Fathers' assistance in self‐care and escort were both associated with lower caregiving strain, but the former was the least reported by mothers (22.5%). General linear model analyses suggested that higher parenting alliance was significantly associated with marital satisfaction after controlling other measured variables; while inadequate self‐care abilities and presence of challenging behaviors remained as significant predictors to higher caregiving strain. From mothers' perspective, fathers' support in their caring work was crucial. The findings provide important implications on how to maximize the effectiveness of support to promote higher marital satisfaction and lower caregiving strain among mothers.
Dermatomycoses in the Israeli defense forces—Epidemiological and clinical aspects
Authors: Ravid Armon , Michael Frenkel , Daniel Cohen , Esther Segal 
Published: October 2019

SummaryDermatomycoses, involving skin, hair and nail infections, are among the most frequent human infections with global distribution and may have a public health and economic impact. The causative agents include Dermatophytes, Candida, Malassezia and non‐Dermatophyte moulds. High morbidity may be associated with certain variables: age, gender, occupation—such as farming or military service, and climate or environmental conditions. The objectives of the present study included: (a). Assessment of epidemiological aspects of dermatomycoses in the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF). (b). Antifungal drug susceptibility of fungi isolated in culture from soldiers. (a) Epidemiological assessment: data based on IDF's medical registry during the period 2009‐2013 on 10 831 male and female soldiers (8164 and 2667, respectively), of which 2589 were combat soldiers. (b) Susceptibility tests: to ketoconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole, terbinafine and griseofulvin of ~ 100 Dermatophyte and Candida isolates, using E test and/or disc diffusion assays. (c) Statistical analysis: logistic regression, chi‐square and ANOVA. (a) Incidence in male soldiers higher than in female soldiers (35% vs. 28%). (b) Incidence in combat soldiers higher than in non‐combat soldiers (39% vs 32%). (c) The major site of involvement—nails. (d) Infections peaked during summer months. (e) Dermatophytes constitute close to 90% of the aetiological agents (87% and 86%). (f) Trichophyton rubrum the dominant species. (g) terbinafine was the most active antifungal drug. The most significant conclusion of relevance of this study is the finding of higher morbidity rate among combat soldiers, as this may affect the activity of this group.
Updating Thought Theory: Emotion and the Non‐Paradox of Fiction
Authors: Adair Heather V. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOver the past four decades, the paradox of fiction has sparked considerable debate among philosophers. Unfortunately, the most promising solution to this puzzle, thought theory, currently earns its plausibility by way of intuition rather than evidence. I aim to address this by updating thought theory in light of recent empirical findings on affect. I will draw upon a wide range of scientific research—on the cognitive mechanisms driving emotion, the role of affect in counterfactual mind wandering and prospection, and the evolutionary function of affect—to substantiate the claim that fictions can give rise to both real and rational emotional states.
Community transition at younger ages contributes to good cognitive function outcomes in long‐term hospitalized patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder: A 15‐year follow‐up study with group‐based trajectory modeling
Authors: Kida Hisashi , Niimura Hidehito , Nemoto Takahiro , Ryu Yonosuke , Sakuma Kei , Mimura Masaru , Mizuno Masafumi 
Published: October 2019

AimCognitive dysfunction is a core symptom of schizophrenia spectrum disorder, but the reported long‐term cognitive outcomes are heterogeneous. This study aimed to elucidate the long‐term trajectories of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder who transitioned to community dwelling with integrated care, and to identify predictors of successful community reintegration.MethodsAfter the closure of a psychiatric hospital, 78 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (mean age: 54.6 years) were transferred to the community. We assessed patients' cognitive function over 15 years with the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) and analyzed the scores every 3 years. Forty‐four patients completed all assessments.ResultsThe mean MMSE score at discharge was 25.8, which changed to 26.8 after 3 years and 25.3 after 6 years. After 12 and 15 years, it had decreased significantly to 23.3 and 23.0, respectively. Group‐based trajectory modeling identified two groups of patients: a ‘poor‐outcome’ group (63.4%), showing a decline in scores after maintaining post‐discharge levels for several years, and a ‘good‐outcome’ group (36.6%), maintaining post‐discharge scores after showing improved scores.ConclusionConsidering the significant difference in age between the aforementioned groups (P = 0.040), we suggest that community transitions at younger ages contribute to better cognitive function and adaptation to community life. Even middle‐aged and elderly patients with chronic schizophrenia spectrum disorder showed improved or maintained cognitive function at least 3 years after discharge, and the good‐outcome group maintained cognitive function over 15 years. Improvements were dominated primarily by age at discharge, with cognitive function being maintained longer in patients in the good‐outcome group.
Reinstatement of Myelophycus caespitosus (Scytosiphonaceae, Phaeophyceae) from Japan
Authors: Hanyuda Takeaki , Aoki Saya , Kawai Hiroshi 
Published: October 2019

SUMMARYReinstatement of Myelophycus caespitosus Kjellman (Ectocarpales s.l., Phaeophyceae) described from western Japan is proposed based on the comparisons of DNA sequences of Japanese Myelophycus specimens, the type specimen of Chordaria simplex and lectotypified specimen of Myelophycus caespitosus. In the genetic analyses using mitochondrial cox1 and cox3, chloroplast atpB, psbA and rbcL DNA sequences, the specimens morphologically referable to M. simplex formed two distinct clades (clade‐1 and clade‐2) supported by high statistical values. Clade‐1 was distributed on the western coast of Japan (Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu) from the Kii Peninsula to Tsushima and the Pacific coast of Aomori, northeastern Honshu, and clade‐2 on the Pacific coast of central Honshu from Sanriku to the Kii Peninsula. Based on the cox3 DNA sequences and the location of the type locality at Shimoda, Izu Peninsula, clade‐2 was concluded to correspond to true M. simplex. There were no recognizable differences in the representative morphological features (height and diameter of sporophytes and gametophytes, number of cells comprising cortical, subcortical and medullary layers, thickness of plurilocular gametangia, or length and diameter of unilocular zoidangia) between the specimens included in the two taxa. Analyses of the specimens of the two taxa, including sympatric populations on the Kii Peninsula, using a nuclear genetic marker ocm3 did not suggest any genetic exchanges between the two taxa. On the other hand, cox3 gene sequence of the voucher specimen of Myelophycus caespitosus collected from Goto, Kyushu, western Japan housed in the UPS herbarium was included in clade‐1. In conclusion, we propose the reinstatement of M. caespitosus and to lectotypify the specimen in UPS. Korean Myelophycus specimens reported from Cheju Island and Wando were considered to belong to M. caespitosus based on the reported rbcL sequences.
The Shale Boom and Family Structure: Oil and Gas Employment Growth Relationship to Marriage, Divorce, and Cohabitation
Authors: Shepard Michael , Betz Michael , Snyder Anastasia 
Published: October 2019

AbstractShale oil and gas extraction technology has caused a large shift in the United States' energy landscape over the last decade. This had a wide range of impacts on rural communities mostly in which oil and gas extraction occurs. While many studies have focused on the economic and environmental impact of shale development, researchers have only begun to study the social changes brought on by the shale resource extraction. We examine the influence of shale oil and gas employment as a share of overall county employment on county marriage, divorce, and cohabitation rates. We find evidence that oil and gas employment growth is associated with decreased marriage rates and increased divorce rates from 2009 to 2014. We test several channels through which oil and gas development may influence marriage behaviors and find that changes in female labor force participation, county sex ratios, and median household incomes are associated with oil and gas development. We also test for differences across the rural/urban continuum and find that our results are largely driven by nonmetro counties.
Safe use of electrosurgery in gynaecological laparoscopic surgery
Authors: El‐Sayed Mohsen , Mohamed Sahar , Saridogan Ertan 
Published: October 2019

Key content

It is crucial to understand the basics of electrosurgery to deliver safe and effective laparoscopic surgery.

Electrosurgical tissue effects include vaporisation, desiccation and coagulation, which help to achieve cutting, dissection, ablation and haemostasis during surgery.

Electrosurgery is delivered through monopolar and bipolar instruments.

Surgeons can avoid complications of electrosurgery by understanding the mechanisms underlying them.

Establishment of a formal training programme in surgical energy is needed for surgeons and theatre staff to provide safe laparoscopic surgery.

Learning objectives

To understand the applied physics of electrosurgery.

To describe the various electrosurgical tissue effects and the variables controlling them.

To identify the differences between monopolar and bipolar instruments.

To know the mechanisms of various electrosurgical complications and safety measures to avoid them.

Ethical issues

Is it ethical to use energy devices in laparoscopic surgery with little or no formal training about their appropriate use and safety?

Do surgeons need to know about all energy devices they use in operating theatres?

Should all allied healthcare professionals working in operating theatres undergo formal training on the use of electrosurgery?
Using biologically based objectives to optimize boost intensity‐modulated radiation therapy planning for brainstem tumors in dogs
Authors: Meier Valeria , Besserer Jürgen , Rohrer Bley Carla 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIrradiated brain tumors commonly progress at the primary site, generating interest in focal dose escalation. The aim of this retrospective observational study was to use biological optimization objectives for a modeling exercise with simultaneously‐integrated boost IMRT (SIB‐IMRT) to generate a dose‐escalated protocol with acceptable late radiation toxicity risk estimate and improve tumor control for brainstem tumors in dogs safely. We re‐planned 20 dog brainstem tumor datasets with SIB‐IMRT, prescribing 20 × 2.81 Gy to the gross tumor volume (GTV) and 20 × 2.5 Gy to the planning target volume. During the optimization process, we used biologically equivalent generalized equivalent uniform doses (gEUD) as planning aids. These were derived from human data, calculated to adhere to normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) ≤5%, and converted to the herein used fractionation schedule. We extracted the absolute organ at risk dose‐volume histograms to calculate NTCP of each individual plan. For planning optimization, gEUD(a = 4) = 39.8 Gy for brain and gEUD(a = 6.3) = 43.8 Gy for brainstem were applied. Mean brain NTCP was low with 0.43% (SD ±0.49%, range 0.01‐2.04%); mean brainstem NTCP was higher with 7.18% (SD ±4.29%, range 2.87‐20.72%). Nevertheless, NTCP of < 10% in brainstem was achievable in 80% (16/20) of dogs. Spearman's correlation between relative GTV and NTCP was high (ρ = 0.798,P < .001), emphasizing increased risk with relative size even with subvolume‐boost. Including biologically based gEUD values into optimization allowed estimating NTCP during the planning process. In conclusion, gEUD‐based SIB‐IMRT planning resulted in dose‐escalated treatment plans with acceptable risk estimate of NTCP < 10% in the majority of dogs with brainstem tumors. Risk was correlated with relative tumor size.