bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trade-off between the conflicting planning goals in correlation with patient’s anatomical parameters for intensity-modulated radiotherapy of prostate cancer patients
Authors: Banaei Amin , Hashemi Bijan , Bakhshandeh Mohsen , Mofid Bahram 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimTo quantify the relationship between the planning target volume (PTV) dose homogeneity and organs at risk (OARs) sparing in correlation with anatomical parameters in prostate intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT).Materials and methodsNine IMRT plans with various target dose constraints’ priorities were created for 15 prostate cancer patients. Selected PTV and OARs parameters were calculated for the patients. A trade-off was assessed between homogeneity index (HI) and OAR sparing. Several anatomical parameters were evaluated to investigate their effects on the OAR sparing and HI.ResultsInverse exponential relationships were found between the OAR sparing and HI (average R
2 of 0·983 and 0·994 for bladder and rectum, respectively). Decreasing the priority led to more OARs sparing (normal tissue complication probability reduction: 97·6 and 74·5%; mean dose reduction: 16·3 and 11·3% for bladder and rectum, respectively) and worsening of the HI (0·095–0·322) but with no significant effect on tumour control probability. Furthermore, OARs volumes, distances between OARs and PTV and their joint volumes had stronger correlations with OARs’ mean doses.ConclusionEnforcement of target dose constraints was more effective on the improvement of HIs for the patients with initial high HI values at low dose constraints’ priorities. Reducing the priority had more effects on the OARs sparing compared to HI, especially for the patients with high OAR doses in high priority plans. This can be attributed to smaller distances or greater joint volumes between the OARs and PTV.
COHOMOLOGY AND OVERCONVERGENCE FOR REPRESENTATIONS OF POWERS OF GALOIS GROUPS
Authors: Pal Aprameyo , Zábrádi Gergely 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe show that the Galois cohomology groups of$p$-adic representations of a direct power of$\operatorname{Gal}(\overline{\mathbb{Q}_{p}}/\mathbb{Q}_{p})$can be computed via the generalization of Herr’s complex to multivariable$(\unicode[STIX]{x1D711},\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4})$-modules. Using Tate duality and a pairing for multivariable$(\unicode[STIX]{x1D711},\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4})$-modules we extend this to analogues of the Iwasawa cohomology. We show that all$p$-adic representations of a direct power of$\operatorname{Gal}(\overline{\mathbb{Q}_{p}}/\mathbb{Q}_{p})$are overconvergent and, moreover, passing to overconvergent multivariable$(\unicode[STIX]{x1D711},\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4})$-modules is an equivalence of categories. Finally, we prove that the overconvergent Herr complex also computes the Galois cohomology groups.
Culture and therapist self-disclosure
Authors: Phiri Peter , Rathod Shanaya , Gobbi Mary , Carr Hannah , Kingdon David 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) as a treatment for schizophrenia and psychotic-related disorders has been shown to have significantly greater drop-out rates in clients of black and minority ethnic (BME) groups. This has resulted in poor outcomes in treatments. Our recent qualitative study thus aimed to develop culturally sensitive CBT for BME clients. The study consisted of individual in-depth 1:1 interviews with patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, schizo-affective, delusional disorders or psychosis (n = 15) and focus groups with lay members (n = 52), CBT therapists (n = 22) and mental health practitioners (n = 25) on a data set of 114 participants. Several themes emerged relating to therapist awareness on culturally derived behaviours, beliefs and attitudes that can influence client response and participation in therapy. The current paper aims to explore one of these themes in greater detail, i.e. client-initiated therapist self-disclosure (TSD). Using thematic analysis, the paper highlights key elements of TSD and how this could impact on therapist’s reactions towards TSD, the therapeutic alliance and ultimately, the outcomes of therapy. The findings appear to show that TSD has significant relevance in psychological practice today. Some BME client groups appear to test therapists through initiating TSD. It is not the content of TSD they are testing per se, but how the therapist responds. Consequently, this requires therapists’ cognisance and sensitive responses in a manner that will nurture trust and promote rapport. Further investigation in this area is suggested with a recommendation for guidelines to be created for clinicians and training.Key learning aims(1)To develop a dialogue and practice with confidence when addressing issues of self-disclosure with diverse populations.(2)To appreciate the impact therapist self-disclosure has in early stages of engagement, in particular when working with patients from BME communities.(3)To understand the impact and role of self-disclosure as initiated by patients.(4)To increase therapist awareness on cultural differences in self-disclosure and develop ways to address this in therapy.(5)To challenge therapists to adapt psychological therapies to diverse cultures and be cognisant that ‘one size does not fit all’.
Controlling Factors of Seismicity and Geometry in Double Seismic Zones
Authors: Florez M. A. , Prieto G. A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDouble seismic zones are ubiquitous features of subduction zones, where seismicity is distributed along two layers separated by a region with significantly less seismic activity. Dehydration embrittlement is thought to be responsible for earthquakes in the subducting crust (upper layer), but the case for it in the lithospheric mantle (lower layer) is less clear. We apply a recently developed relative relocation technique to characterize seismicity in 32 slab segments. The high‐precision hypocentral depths allow us to assign events to either the upper or lower layer and to separately estimate frequency size distributions for each plane. We find consistently larger b values, correlating with slab age, for the upper layer and roughly constant values for the lower. We also show that thermal parameter and plate age are the key controls on double seismic zone geometry. Our results point to a relatively dry lower layer and suggest a fundamentally different mechanism for lithospheric mantle earthquakes.
Tracking Open Versus Closed‐Canopy Boreal Forest Using the Geochemistry of Lake Sediment Deposits
Authors: Bastianelli C. , Ali A. A. , Bergeron Y. , Hély C. , Paré D. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIdentifying geochemical paleo‐proxies of vegetation type in watersheds could become a powerful tool for paleoecological studies of ecosystem dynamics, particularly when commonly used proxies, such as pollen grains, are not suitable. In order to identify new paleological proxies to distinguish ecosystem types in lake records, we investigated the differences in the sediment geochemistry of lakes surrounded by two boreal forest ecosystems dominated by the same tree species: closed‐canopy black spruce‐moss forests (MF) and open‐canopy black spruce‐lichen woodlands (LW). This study was designed as a first calibration step between terrestrial modern soils and lacustrine sediments (0–1000 cal yr BP) on six lake watersheds. In a previous study, differences in the physical and geochemical properties of forest soils had been observed between these two modern ecosystems. Here we show that the geochemical properties of the sediments varied between the six lakes studied. While we did not identify geochemical indicators that could solely distinguish both ecosystem types in modern sediments, we observed intriguing differences in concentrations of C:N ratio, carbon isotopic ratio, and aluminum oxide species, and in the stabilization of their geochemical properties with depth. The C accumulation rates at millennial scale were significantly higher in MF watersheds than in LW watersheds. We suggest that these variations could result from organic matter inflows that fluctuate depending on forest density and ground vegetation cover. Further investigations on these highlighted geochemistry markers need to be performed to confirm whether they can be used to detect shifts in vegetation conditions that have occurred in the past.
Statistical Results of the Power Gap Between Lower‐Band and Upper‐Band Chorus Waves
Authors: Gao Xinliang , Chen Lunjin , Li Wen , Lu Quanming , Wang Shui 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe primary power gap of chorus waves is statistically investigated using 7‐year waveform data from THEMIS probes for the first time. Overall, ~2/3 of chorus events have a power gap between the lower and upper bands. Both the gap frequency and the frequency bandwidth of the gap have a broad distribution, which peaks at frequencies of ~0.49fce and ~0.07fce, respectively. The gap frequency tends to increase with increasing |MLAT| (magnetic latitude), while the frequency width gradually increases with L‐shell. In most of banded events, the peak frequency of upper band is roughly twice that of lower band. Two types of events are studied. For Type I events, one population is located around Pup/Plow = 10−1, and the other is around Pup/Plow = 10−3. However, Type II events are roughly concentrated around Pup/Plow = 10−3. The gap frequency positively correlates with the frequency of upper band. Our study provides detailed observational constraints on potential mechanisms of the power gap formation.
The Influence of Tropical Forecast Errors on Higher Latitude Predictions
Authors: Dias Juliana , Kiladis George N. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe atmospheric response to variations in tropical latent heating extends well beyond its source region, and therefore it is thought that a reduction of tropical forecast errors should also benefit subsequent forecasts over the extratropics. This relationship is evaluated using a conditional skill analysis applied to subseasonal reforecasts from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Coupled Forecast System and the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts Integrated Forecast System. It is shown that there is enhanced or attenuated skill in Northern Hemisphere Weeks 2–4 forecasts when tropical short range precipitation forecasts are “good” or “poor,” respectively. This conditional skill is modulated by both El Ni
o Southern Oscillation and the Madden and Julian Oscillation, particularly in the Integrated Forecast System. The results presented here indicate that midlatitude Weeks 2–4 predictive skill would benefit from improvements in Week 1 tropical performance, particularly for the National Centers for Environmental Prediction system.
Multidisciplinary perspectives to prevent occupational health-related conditions among dental practitioners
Authors: Moodley Rajeshree , Van Wyk J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe prevalence of occupational health conditions is high among dental practitioners and this study investigated the role which occupational health plays in dental training.Purpose/objectivesThis study was conducted to explore occupational health and to determine the topics to include from an occupational health perspective into the dental curriculum.MethodsA descriptive qualitative study was conducted to explore the perceptions of dental practitioners, dental academics, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, occupational health specialists, ergonomists, optometrists and audiologists about dental training from an occupational health perspective in KwaZulu- Natal, South Africa. The interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approach was used in this study.ResultsThree main themes became evident that hinged on varying understanding of occupational health-related conditions to dental practice, how practitioners experience practising in the resource-poor settings and its impact on the dental practice. There was also a lack of awareness of the occupational health policies and practices, which could inform safe dental practice.ConclusionDental academics should gain input from a multidisciplinary team. An occupational health course with a student-centred approach would enrich the dental curriculum and make dental practitioners more aware of occupational health issues.
Dentinogenesis imperfecta in Osteogenesis imperfecta type XI in South Africa: a genotype–phenotype correlation
Authors: Chetty M. , Roberts T. , Shaik S. , Beighton P. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background
The maxillofacial and dental manifestations of Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) have significant implications in terms of management. Although the occurrence of abnormal dentine in some forms of OI is well documented, there is scant information on the association of abnormal dentine in the Black African persons with phenotypic OI III and genotypic OI XI in South Africa.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional analytic study. A series of 64 Black South African individuals with a confirmed phenotypic diagnosis of OI III, ages ranging from 3 months to 29 years, were assessed clinically, radiographically, and at a molecular level.

Results
A total number of 64 saliva samples were analyzed and 3 DNA variations were identified in exon 5 of the FKBP10 gene. The homozygous mutation, c.[831dupC]; [831dupC], was identified in 23 affected persons who had no clinically obvious features of DI in their primary and secondary teeth. Radiologically, mild features of DI were evident in 10 persons in whom radiographic images were obtained and were given a Clinical–radiological score of 2. A compound heterozygous mutation, c. [831delC]; [831dupC], was identified in three siblings. An intraoral examination of these affected persons revealed no clinically apparent features of DI in their primary and secondary teeth. Due to the lack of radiological facilities, the presence or absence of DI could not be confirmed or negated. A second compound heterozygous mutation, c.[831dupC]; [1400-4C>G], was identified in a female of 29 years belonging to the Xhosa linguistic group. Her teeth appeared clinically normal but it was not possible to obtain radiographs. In 37 affected individuals, no disease-causing mutations were identified.

Conclusion
Black African individuals in SA with the homozygous mutation in the FKBP10 gene have clinically unaffected teeth yet exhibited radiographic features of DI to varying degrees. This characterization is suggestive of a relationship between the genetic abnormality and the clinical manifestations of DI. The authors suggest that this diagnosis must include teeth that are clinically and/or radiologically aberrant, and should not exclude the presence of other, milder, dentinal aberrations associated with OI. There was no correlation between severity of OI and DI in this cohort of individuals.
The homeobox transcription factor MEIS2 is a regulator of cancer cell survival and IMiDs activity in Multiple Myeloma: modulation by Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal (BET) protein inhibitors
Authors: Abruzzese Maria Pia , Bilotta Maria Teresa , Fionda Cinzia , Zingoni Alessandra , Soriani Alessandra , Petrucci Maria Teresa , Ricciardi Maria Rosaria , Molfetta Rosa , Paolini Rossella , Santoni Angela , Cippitelli Marco 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe transcription factor Myeloid Ecotropic Insertion Site 2 (MEIS2) has been identified as a cellular substrate of the E3-ubiquitin ligase complex CRL4-cereblon (CRL4CRBN) in crystal structure and by biochemical screen. Emerging evidence suggests that IMiDs can block MEIS2 from binding to CRBN facilitating the subsequent activation of a CRL4CRBNIMiD-E3-ubiquitin ligase activity and proteasome-mediated degradation of critical substrates regulators of Multiple Myeloma (MM) cell survival and proliferation. Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal (BET) family of proteins are important epigenetic regulators involved in promoting gene expression of several oncogenes, and many studies have revealed important anticancer activities mediated by BET inhibitors (BETi) in hematologic malignancies including MM. Here, we investigated MEIS2 in MM, the role of this protein as a modulator of IMiDs activity and the ability of BETi to inhibit its expression. Our observations indicate that inhibition of MEIS2 in MM cells by RNA interference correlates with reduced growth, induction of apoptosis and enhanced efficacy of different anti-MM drugs. In addition, MEIS2 regulates the expression of Cyclin E/CCNE1 in MM and induction of apoptosis after treatment with the CDK inhibitor Seliciclib/Roscovitine. Interestingly, modulation of MEIS2 can regulate the expression of NKG2D and DNAM-1 NK cell-activating ligands and, importantly, the activity of IMiDs in MM cells. Finally, BETi have the ability to inhibit the expression of MEIS2 in MM, underscoring a novel anticancer activity mediated by these drugs. Our study provides evidence on the role of MEIS2 in MM cell survival and suggests therapeutic strategies targeting of MEIS2 to enhance IMiDs anti-myeloma activity.
Electrical polarization induced by atomically engineered compositional gradient in complex oxide solid solution
Authors: Wu Ping-Chun , Huang Rong , Hsieh Ying-Hui , Wang Bo , Yen Min , Ho Sheng-Zhu , Kumamoto Akihito , Zhong Chaorong , Song Haili , Chen Yi-Chun , Chen Long-Qing , Duan Chun-Gang , Ikuhara Yuichi , Chu Ying-Hao 
Published: April 2019

AbstractControl of inhomogeneity in materials in order to avoid unexpected effects to the system remains a challenge. In this study, we seek to engineer inhomogeneity in materials and anticipate new properties. Through precise control of composition at the atomic scale, an electrical polarization is induced in the composition-graded LaAlO3–SrTiO3 solid solution epitaxially deposited on NdGaO3 substrates. By tailoring the direction of compositional gradient, the relationship between structure and electrical polarization is simulated via phase-field modeling and revealed by a combination of scanning transmission electron microscopy and scanning probe microscopy. The analysis of the results indicates that the induced polarization is due to the flexoelectric effect in the compositional gradient system. The results of this study provide a new pathway for obtaining a new material genome. Moreover, by a suitable design of the new genome, that is, by using different combinations of compositional gradient geometries, local conduction can be obtained and manipulated, providing a new approach to obtain the desired properties.
Y-chromosomal analysis of clan structure of Kalmyks, the only European Mongol people, and their relationship to Oirat-Mongols of Inner Asia
Authors: Balinova Natalia , Post Helen , Kushniarevich Alena , Flores Rodrigo , Karmin Monika , Sahakyan Hovhannes , Reidla Maere , Metspalu Ene , Litvinov Sergey , Dzhaubermezov Murat , Akhmetova Vita , Khusainova Rita , Endicott Phillip , Khusnutdinova Elza , Orlova Keemya , Bakaeva Elza , Khomyakova Irina , Spitsina Nailya , Zinchenko Rena , Villems Richard , Rootsi Siiri 
Published: April 2019

AbstractKalmyks, the only Mongolic-speaking population in Europe, live in the southeast of the European Plain, in Russia. They adhere to Buddhism and speak a dialect of the Mongolian language. Historical and linguistic evidence, as well a shared clan names, suggests a common origin with Oirats of western Mongolia; yet, only a limited number of genetic studies have focused on this topic. Here we compare the paternal genetic relationship of Kalmyk clans with ethnographically related groups from Mongolia, Kyrgyzstan and China, within the context of their neighbouring populations. A phylogeny of 37 high-coverage Y-chromosome sequences, together with further genotyping of larger sample sets, reveals that all the Oirat-speaking populations studied here, including Kalmyks, share, as a dominant paternal lineage, Y-chromosomal haplogroup C3c1-M77, which is also present in several geographically distant native Siberian populations. We identify a subset of this clade, C3c1b-F6379, specifically enriched in Kalmyks as well as in Oirat-speaking clans in Inner Asia. This sub-clade coalesces at around 1500 years before present, before the Genghis Khan era, and significantly earlier than the split between Kalmyks and other Oirat speakers about 400 years ago. We also show that split between the dominant hg C variant among Buryats—C3-M407—and that of C3-F6379, took place in the Early Upper Palaeolithic, suggesting an extremely long duration for the dissipation of hg C3-M217 carriers across northern Eurasia, which cuts through today’s major linguistic phyla.
Quantifying economic resilience from input–output susceptibility to improve predictions of economic growth and recovery
Authors: Klimek Peter , Poledna Sebastian , Thurner Stefan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractModern macroeconomic theories were unable to foresee the last Great Recession and could neither predict its prolonged duration nor the recovery rate. They are based on supply−demand equilibria that do not exist during recessionary shocks. Here we focus on resilience as a nonequilibrium property of networked production systems and develop a linear response theory for input−output economics. By calibrating the framework to data from 56 industrial sectors in 43 countries between 2000 and 2014, we find that the susceptibility of individual industrial sectors to economic shocks varies greatly across countries, sectors, and time. We show that susceptibility-based growth predictions that take sector- and country-specific recovery into account, outperform—by far—standard econometric models. Our results are analytically rigorous, empirically testable, and flexible enough to address policy-relevant scenarios. We illustrate the latter by estimating the impact of recently imposed tariffs on US imports (steel and aluminum) on specific sectors across European countries.
Gasdermin pores permeabilize mitochondria to augment caspase-3 activation during apoptosis and inflammasome activation
Authors: Rogers Corey , Erkes Dan A. , Nardone Alexandria , Aplin Andrew E. , Fernandes-Alnemri Teresa , Alnemri Emad S. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractGasdermin E (GSDME/DFNA5) cleavage by caspase-3 liberates the GSDME-N domain, which mediates pyroptosis by forming pores in the plasma membrane. Here we show that GSDME-N also permeabilizes the mitochondrial membrane, releasing cytochrome c and activating the apoptosome. Cytochrome c release and caspase-3 activation in response to intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic stimuli are significantly reduced in GSDME-deficient cells comparing with wild type cells. GSDME deficiency also accelerates cell growth in culture and in a mouse model of melanoma. Phosphomimetic mutation of the highly conserved phosphorylatable Thr6 residue of GSDME, inhibits its pore-forming activity, thus uncovering a potential mechanism by which GSDME might be regulated. Like GSDME-N, inflammasome-generated gasdermin D-N (GSDMD-N), can also permeabilize the mitochondria linking inflammasome activation to downstream activation of the apoptosome. Collectively, our results point to a role of gasdermin proteins in targeting the mitochondria to promote cytochrome c release to augment the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.