bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on electrospinning three‐branched‐chain PLA porous microspheres and adsorption for silver ions
Authors: Shen Wen , Zhang Guanghua , Li Yali , Fan Guodong 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTThe objective of the present study was to prepare poly(lactic acid) (PLA) porous microspheres. Special attention was paid to the effects of improving the surface hydrophilicity of the microspheres on the adsorption of silver ions. The linear PLA and the three‐branched‐chain PLA microspheres with pores or without pores were obtained by electrospinning. The morphology, hydrophilicity, and silver ion adsorption of the microspheres were investigated, and the antibacterial properties of microspheres with adsorbed silver ions were studied. The research showed that the three‐branched‐chain PLA porous microspheres had good hydrophilicity and strong adsorption ability of silver ions. Using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, it is found that the microspheres can adsorb more silver ions with an increase in holes. However, the multihydroxyl structure of the three‐branched‐chain PLA has strong hydrophilicity. It has a better phase separation ability to obtain the porous structures easily. In aqueous solution, these microspheres are more likely to adsorb drugs with positive charge, and the size of the microspheres is controlled in the solvent with different dielectric constants. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46735.
Solubility and diffusion behavior of compressed CO2 in polyurethane oligomer
Authors: Hu D. , Yan L. , Liu T. , Xu Z. , Zhao L. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTIn CO2‐assisted polyurethane (PU) foaming, the solubility and diffusion coefficient of CO2 is vitally important to the cell nucleation and growth. This work is aimed at the effect of molecular weights (M
n) and crosslinking densities (V
e) on the solubility and diffusion coefficient of CO2 in PU oligomers. A series of PU oligomers with different M
n and V
e were synthesized. The solubility and diffusivity of CO2 in PU oligomers were measured experimentally in the temperature from 80 to 140 °C and with pressures up to 15 MPa. It was shown that the solubility and diffusion coefficients of CO2 was decreased 20.5 and 21.0%, respectively, with the M
n increasing from 5864 to 153,754 g mol−1 at 80 °C, 15 MPa. The solubility and the diffusion coefficient also decreased 11.1 and 38.0% as the V
e was increased from 64 to 1493 mol m−3. Furthermore, the diffusion mechanism of CO2 in PU oligomers was explored via molecular dynamics simulations. The results indicated that the calculated diffusivity of CO2 showed the same changing trend as the experimental values, and the smaller M
n or crosslinking degree contributed to an increase in fractional free volume and stronger polymer–CO2 interactions. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47100.
Sleep problems in adults with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability
Authors: Ballester Pura , Martínez María José , Javaloyes Auxiliadora , Inda María‐del‐Mar , Fernández Noemí , Gázquez Pilar , Aguilar Víctor , Pérez Agustín , Hernández Luís , Richdale Amanda L. , Peiró Ana M. 
Published: October 2018

Sleep problems (SP) are recognized as a common comorbid condition in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and can influence core autism symptoms and mental and physical health. SPs can be lifelong and have been reported that adults on the autistic spectrum with and without intellectual disability (ID) present SPs (longer sleep latency, frequent night awakenings, and circadian rhythm sleep–wake disorders).A prospective, objective sleep study was conducted in 41 adults with ASD (33 ± 6 years old) and ID and 51 typically developing adults (33 ± 5 years old) using ambulatory circadian monitoring (ACM) recording wrist temperature, motor activity, body position, sleep, and light intensity. The findings indicated that individuals with ASD presented sleep difficulties including low sleep efficiency, prolonged sleep latency and increased number and length of night awakenings, together with daily sedentary behavior, and increased nocturnal activity. Furthermore, indications of an advanced sleep–wake phase disorder were found in these autistic adults. Examining sleep and markers of the circadian system showed significant differences between adults with ASD and ID and an age‐matched, healthy adult population. The sleep disturbances described for this sample of adults with ASD and ID are similar to those of already described for adults with ASD without ID; their relationship with intellectual ability should be further studied. Improving knowledge of sleep patterns in ASD adults with ID might help to designed targeted interventions to improve their functioning and reduce family stress. Autism Research 2019, 12: 66–79. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummarySPs are very frequent in autism from childhood to adulthood. We recorded sleep with a watch‐like device in adults with autism and ID and compared sleep patterns with nonautistic volunteers. Results showed poorer sleep conditions in adults with autism (increased sleep latency and number/length of night awakenings) that resulted in decreased sleep efficiency. Increasing knowledge of the SPs in adults on the autism spectrum will allow to improve their and their families' quality of life.
Technology roadmap for hyaluronic acid and its derivatives market
Authors: Borschiver Suzana , Vasconcelos Rafael C. , Silva Felipe C. , Freitas Gabriela C. , Santos Paula E. , do Bomfim Rute O. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHyaluronic acid (HA) is an active ingredient that has attracted the attention of pharmaceutical companies. There are expectations that the market for it will grow in the next few years. A technology roadmap for hyaluronic acid and its derivatives market was built and analyzed. A roadmap is a prospective tool that allows the visualization of the evolution of a product or technology through time, revealing opportunities and providing greater safety for companies’ and institutions’ resource allocation. A search was conducted for patents that were granted or applied for in the USPTO database and for scientific articles in Science Direct database. The information was presented in categories in such a way that the evolution of the categories over time could be predicted. Analysis of the roadmap showed that the market is diverse with local and global companies developing patents in this sector. The main highlight is in the medical area, in which HA and its derivatives are widely used in the treatment of osteoarthritis, wound healing, cell regeneration, and tissue engineering. Major drug companies, such as Alergan, Klox Technologies, Fidia Pharma USA, and Cormedix have focused on HA. The roadmap indicated that, in the long run, the market's focus will be on cancer treatments with the development of less aggressive medicines, which have already been the research focus of companies such as Holy Stone Healthcare and DKFZ. China stands out as the country with the highest number of scientific articles and the USA as the country with the highest number of patents. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Experimental study of needle recording electrodes placed on the thyroid cartilage for neuromonitoring during thyroid surgery
Authors: Zhao Y , Li C , Zhang D , Zhou L , Liu X , Li S , Wang T , Dionigi G , Sun H 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
Needle electrodes placed on the thyroid cartilage (TC) are an alternative to endotracheal tube (ET) electrodes for assessing recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) function during thyroid surgery. Needle electrodes placed on the TC were evaluated in an experimental porcine model.

Methods
Continuous intraoperative neuromonitoring was used to record the electromyogram. Each TC side was delineated into nine areas to determine the optimal placement of the electrode, and needle electrode area, depth and orientation for optimal electromyographic (EMG) amplitudes were evaluated. RLN root locations were stimulated at four locations: vagus nerve distal to the neuromonitoring electrode, and most proximal, middle and laryngeal entry points of the nerve. A nerve retraction injury model was adapted to compare RLN monitoring by TC versus ET electrodes.

Results
An optimal site for placement of needle electrodes was identified, and electromyograms obtained from the various needle insertion depths and orientations were similar. Latencies recorded from the TC and ET electrodes were similar. The amplitude profile of TC electrodes responded earlier to RLN injury than that of ET electrodes. Amplitude and drop to loss of signal were also registered earlier.

Conclusion
EMG amplitudes obtained using TC electrodes were higher, and identified RLN injury earlier than ET electrodes. Surgical relevanceNeedle electrodes placed on the thyroid cartilage (TC) are an alternative to endotracheal tube (ET) electrodes for assessing the function of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) in thyroid surgery.This study used an experimental porcine model to evaluate the use of needle electrodes inserted in the TC, compared with ET electrodes, for producing an electromyographic (EMG) profile of the RLN. Nine areas of the TC, with various needle insertion depths and orientations, were compared. Perichondral insertion into the avascular area of the TC was found to be safe. The EMG amplitude and latency features recorded via the TC and ET electrodes were compared, using both intermittent and continuous monitoring. Changes in EMG amplitudes in response to nerve traction injury were registered earlier with TC electrodes than with ET electrodes, and the amplitudes were higher and more stable. Latencies obtained via the TC and ET electrodes were similar.These results indicate that the development of a non-invasive monitoring electrode with improved function, easy placement and low cost is possible.
Optimized Spacing between TiO2 Nanotubes for Enhanced Light Harvesting and Charge Transfer
Authors: Ozkan Selda , Nguyen Nhat Truong , Mazare Anca , Schmuki Patrik 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe investigate two distinctly different anodic TiO2 nanotubular morphologies, spaced and close‐packed arrays. While the close‐packed tubular arrays are formed in ethylene glycol, spaced nanotubes (NTs), which have a regular gap between individual NTs, grow in a diethylene glycol or dimethyl sulfoxide‐based electrolyte. Depending on the electrolyte used for anodization, the morphology, crystal structure, and chemical composition of the resulting nanotubular layer vary from one another. This influences the electrochemical and photoelectrochemical activity of the NTs. Overall, we find that spaced NTs can not only provide enhanced charge‐transfer characteristics but can also show beneficial light absorption characteristics when used as a photo‐ or light‐harvesting electrode.
Mixing in a soft‐elastic reactor (SER): A simulation study
Authors: Li Changyong , Xiao Jie , Zhang Yu , Chen Xiao Dong 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTInspired by the animal upper digestion tract, a strategy of developing soft‐elastic reactors (SERs) for potential industrial usage has evolved, and is under the framework of bio‐inspired chemical engineering. In our laboratory, two basic reactor categories have been experimented upon to explore the parameters influencing SER performance: vertical and horizontal cylindrical reactors. Different from the traditional rigid reactors equipped with solid agitators, SERs mainly triggers mixing through the movement of its elastic wall. The mechanisms of SERs are, however, not yet fully understood due to the limitations in the laboratory work in scale and in the diversity of the working conditions. For the first time we present a numerical study on the mixing behaviour of an SER to reveal its special characteristics as an alternative mixing method difficult to show in laboratory. Two‐dimensional situations are analyzed numerically with a successful implementation of a moving mesh method in ANSYS Fluent. The approach allows versatile movement of the reactor wall to be effectively simulated. Systematic investigations were then carried out to investigate the effects of two chosen wall motion modes. The effects of such motion modes have been demonstrated through tracking the evolutions of the flow fields. This work shows room for potential improvements of SERs by devising different wall movements.
A Low‐Sensitivity Nanocomposite of CL‐20 and TATB
Authors: Li Ping , Liu Kai , Ao Denggaowa , Liu Xun , Xu Haifeng , Duan Xiaohui , Pei Chonghua 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn order to improve the safety of 2,4,6,8,10,12‐hexanitro‐2,4,6,8,10,12‐hexaazaisowurtzitane (CL‐20) while preserving its high energy yield, a nanocomposite containing CL‐20 and 1,3,5‐triamino‐2,4,6‐trinitrobenzene (TATB) with a particular structure is prepared using an facile and fast antisolvent crystallization method. Using this approach, which takes advantage of strong antisolvent and temperature effects, a lamellar arrangement structure is created consisting of nanosheets containing CL‐20 and TATB, and further coated with dendritic nanometer‐scale TATB. XRD and Raman spectra indicate that CL‐20 in the resulting nanocomposite takes the form of α polymorph owing to the presence of ultrapure water. The HPLC results show that the TATB content of the nanocomposite is 20.2 wt%. When the surface coating of TATB is removed, 8 wt% TATB remains between the internal nanosheets. Due to the multiple desensitization effects of this structure, the nanocomposite has much lower sensitivity, roughly comparable to that of the insensitive explosive LLM‐105. Thermal analysis by thermogravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimeter indicates that the thermal decomposition activity of the nanocomposite is higher than those of raw materials, and in addition, its thermal stability is greater.
Eating disorders—Related hospitalizations in Portugal: A nationwide study from 2000 to 2014
Authors: Cruz Ana Margarida , Gonçalves‐Pinho Manuel , Santos João Vasco , Coutinho Francisco , Brandão Isabel , Freitas Alberto 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIntroductionRecent evidence suggests that incidence of Anorexia nervosa (AN) has remained stable over the last decades in Western Europe, while decreasing for Bulimia nervosa (BN). It is well‐known that most individuals with an ED (Eating disorder) do not seek medical treatment.ObjectiveThe present study analyses hospitalizations related with EDs held in mainland Portuguese public hospitals between 2000 and 2014.MethodA retrospective observational study was performed gathering all inpatient episodes with primary or secondary diagnosis of ED. Number of patients, gender, mean age at discharge, suicide‐attempts related hospitalizations, in‐hospital mortality, length of stay, and mean charges were analyzed.ResultsThere were a total of 4,485 hospitalizations with an associated ED. AN was the most frequent ED (n = 2,806). Suicide attempt‐related hospitalizations were most common among patients with BN (10.1% of BN hospitalizations) or AN (5.2% of AN hospitalizations).DiscussionAN has higher in‐hospital mortality than BN. We observed a higher proportion of suicide related hospitalizations in BN when compared to AN. Although pica, rumination disorder, and psychogenic vomiting represent a smaller portion of all EDs, this study was the first to describe hospitalization trends for this set of EDs for a 15‐year period, to the best of our knowledge.
Characterization of Nitrophospholipid‐Peptide Covalent Adducts by Electrospray Tandem Mass Spectrometry: A First Screening Analysis Using Different Instrumental Platforms
Authors: Montero‐Bullon Javier‐Fernando , Melo Tânia , Domingues Maria Rosário , Domingues Pedro 
Published: September 2018

Lipids are well‐known targets of reactive nitrogen species and this reaction leads to the formation of nitrated lipids that have been associated with anti‐inflammatory and cytoprotective effects. Nitro‐fatty acids (NO2‐FA) are highly electrophilic compounds that can form covalent adducts with proteins, leading to the formation of lipoxidation adducts, which modulate the protein structure and function. Nitrated phospholipids (NO2‐PL) have been detected recently in biological samples, but their biological effects are unknown, although similarly to what has been described for nitrated lipids, it has been hypothesized that they may react with peptides and proteins. In this study, in vitro biomimetic assays are used to synthetize adducts of nitrated POPC (NO2POPC), already detected in biological samples, and GSH peptide. The formation of NO2POPC‐GSH adducts is studied by ESI‐MS and MS2, using both low and high energy CID in different MS platforms: a LXQ linear ion trap, a Q‐TOF 2, and a Q‐Exactive Hybrid Quadrupole‐Orbitrap. Typical product ions observed under MS2 conditions are modified b, y, and C ions bearing NO2POPC covalently linked that unequivocally confirms the presence of the lipid‐peptide adduct. Typical loss of HNO2 is only observed in the MS2 of the mono‐charged precursor ions, [M+H]+. Product ions at m/z 184 or neutral loss of 183 Da are assigned as typical fragmentations that confirm the presence of the phosphatidylcholine. In summary, the characterization of nitro PL‐peptide adducts by MS and MS2 allows the identification of the structure and specific MS2 reporter ions to be used to pinpoint these adductions in biological systems.Practical Applications: The covalent interaction between nitro phospholipids and peptides suggests a new pathway in cellular transduction of nitroxidative stress signal. This adduction can be considered a post‐translational modification (PTM) of lipoxidation type, similarly as it has been described for nitro‐fatty acids and with important physiological implications. The identification and characterization of the nitro phospholipids and peptides adducts are possible by MS and tandem MS. This analytical technique also represents a robust and sensitive approach for detection of nitro‐lipids adduction to peptides or proteins in biological samples, allowing to disclose their physiological and clinical implications. Tandem MS fingerprinting is an essential feature for this purpose, so in this work, the identification of the reporter ions typical for this type of lipoxidation adducts is provided. These reporter ions can be used to design target (NL, PIS, or MRM) approaches to detect these type of PTM in biological environments.Nitrated phospholipids can adduct covalently to nucleophilic peptide gluthathione, as demonstrated by characterization using tandem MS.
Focal application of accelerated iTBS results in global changes in graph measures
Authors: Klooster Deborah C. W. , Franklin Suzanne L. , Besseling René M. H. , Jansen Jaap F. A. , Caeyenberghs Karen , Duprat Romain , Aldenkamp Albert P. , de Louw Anton J. A. , Boon Paul A. J. M. , Baeken Chris 
Published: October 2018

AbstractGraph analysis was used to study the effects of accelerated intermittent theta burst stimulation (aiTBS) on the brain's network topology in medication‐resistant depressed patients. Anatomical and resting‐state functional MRI (rs‐fMRI) was recorded at baseline and after sham and verum stimulation. Depression severity was assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Using various graph measures, the different effects of sham and verum aiTBS were calculated. It was also investigated whether changes in graph measures were correlated to clinical responses. Furthermore, by correlating baseline graph measures with the changes in HDRS in terms of percentage, the potential of graph measures as biomarker was studied. Although no differences were observed between the effects of verum and sham stimulation on whole‐brain graph measures and changes in graph measures did not correlate with clinical response, the baseline values of clustering coefficient and global efficiency showed to be predictive of the clinical response to verum aiTBS. Nodal effects were found throughout the whole brain. The distribution of these effects could not be linked to the strength of the functional connectivity between the stimulation site and the node. This study showed that the effects of aiTBS on graph measures distribute beyond the actual stimulation site. However, additional research into the complex interactions between different areas in the brain is necessary to understand the effects of aiTBS in more detail.
Nanoskin® to treat full thickness skin wounds
Authors: Kaminagakura Kryscia Leiko Natsuaki , Sue Sato Silvana , Sugino Patricia , Kataki de Oliveira Veloso Laryssa , dos Santos Daniela Carvalho , Padovani Carlos Roberto , Basmaji Pierre , Olyveira Gabriel , Schellini Silvana Artioli 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTThis experimental study evaluated 40 guinea pigs that received Nanoskin®. A full thickness skin rectangle measuring 2x4 cm was removed from the median dorsal region and the wound was covered by a 2X2 cm fragment of uncoated Nanoskin® graft (uncoated group) or Nanoskin® coated with gelatin (coated group) and sutured in the caudal region and a 2x2 cm fragment of autologous skin sutured in the cranial aspect of the surgical wound served a control. The animals were examined daily by ectoscopy and euthanized at 7, 30, 90 and 180 days postoperatively. Immediately after euthanasia, the operated area was shaved, documented with photos and removed, and prepared for morphological, morphometric and ultrastructural exam.It was found that the full thickness skin wound healed in a centripetal pattern. The healing process was similar between groups, with a more pronounced inflammatory reaction initially that gradually decreased over time.The conclusion is that the uncoated Nanoskin® or Nanoskin® coated with gelatin is a good material to treat full thickness skin wound. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res B Part B: Appl Biomater, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 724–732, 2019.
Surface modification of polypropylene surgical meshes for improving adhesion with poloxamine hydrogel adhesive
Authors: Lu Xinyue , Khanna Astha , Luzinov Igor , Nagatomi Jiro , Harman Melinda 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTissue adhesive has notable clinical benefits in hernia repair fixation. A novel poloxamine tissue adhesive was previously shown to successfully bond collagen tissue with adequate adhesive strength. In application related to attachment of polypropylene (PP) mesh, the adhesive strength between the mesh and poloxamine hydrogel adhesive is limited by the hydrophobicity of PP monofilaments and lack of covalent bond formation. The purpose of this study was to compare two different surface modifications [bovine serum albumin (BSA) adsorption and poly‐glycidyl methacrylate/human serum albumin (PGMA/HSA) grafting] of PP mesh for improving the adhesive strength between poloxamine hydrogel adhesive and PP mesh. The PGMA/HSA surface modification significantly improved the adhesive strength for meshes attached with poloxamine hydrogel tissue adhesive compared with unmodified meshes and meshes modified by BSA adsorption. An area of 1 cm2 adhesive provided for a maximum adhesive strength of 65–70 kPa for meshes modified by PGMA/HSA, 4–13 kPa for meshes modified by BSA, and 22–45 kPa for unmodified meshes. Optical microscopy and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the improved adhesive strength was achieved through mechanical interlock of the hydrogel tissue adhesive into the PP mesh pores and chemical bonding of the albumin after successful PGMA/HSA grafting onto the PP monofilaments. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 1047–1055, 2019.