bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Taste Receptor Cells in Mice Express Receptors for the Hormone Adiponectin
Authors: Crosson Sean M , Marques Andrew , Dib Peter , Dotson Cedrick D , Munger Steven D , Zolotukhin Sergei 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe metabolic hormone adiponectin is secreted into the circulation by adipocytes and mediates key biological functions, including insulin sensitivity, adipocyte development, and fatty acid oxidation. Adiponectin is also abundant in saliva, where its functions are poorly understood. Here we report that murine taste receptor cells (TRCs) express specific adiponectin receptors and may be a target for salivary adiponectin. This is supported by the presence of all three known adiponectin receptors in transcriptomic data obtained by RNA-seq analysis of purified circumvallate (CV) taste buds. As well, immunohistochemical analysis of murine CV papillae showed that two adiponectin receptors, ADIPOR1 and T-cadherin, are localized to subsets of TRCs. Immunofluorescence for T-cadherin was primarily co-localized with the Type 2 TRC marker phospholipase C β2, suggesting that adiponectin signaling could impact sweet, bitter, or umami taste signaling. However, adiponectin null mice showed no differences in behavioral lick responsiveness compared with wild-type controls in brief-access lick testing. AAV-mediated overexpression of adiponectin in the salivary glands of adiponectin null mice did result in a small but significant increase in behavioral lick responsiveness to the fat emulsion Intralipid. Together, these results suggest that salivary adiponectin can affect TRC function, although its impact on taste responsiveness and peripheral taste coding remains unclear.
Cabotegravir Is Not Associated With Weight Gain in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–uninfected Individuals in HPTN 077
Authors: Landovitz Raphael J , Zangeneh Sahar Z , Chau Gordon , Grinsztejn Beatriz , Eron Joseph J , Dawood Halima , Magnus Manya , Liu Albert Y , Panchia Ravindre , Hosseinipour Mina C , Kofron Ryan , Margolis David A , Rinehart Alex , Adeyeye Adeola , Burns David , McCauley Marybeth , Cohen Myron S , Currier Judith S 
Published: May 2019

AbstractStudies in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected individuals suggest excess weight gain with integrase inhibitor–based antiretroviral therapy. The HIV Prevention Trials Network Study 077 evaluated changes in weight and fasting metabolic parameters in HIV-uninfected individuals randomized to cabotegravir or a placebo. No differences between arms were found for change in weight or fasting metabolic parameters overall or for subgroups.
Genome-Wide Association Study of Microscopic Colitis in the UK Biobank Confirms Immune-Related Pathogenesis
Authors: Green Harry D , Beaumont Robin N , Thomas Amanda , Hamilton Benjamin , Wood Andrew R , Sharp Seth , Jones Samuel E , Tyrrell Jessica , Walker Gareth , Goodhand James , Kennedy Nicholas A , Ahmad Tariq , Weedon Michael N 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background and Aims
The causes of microscopic colitis are currently poorly understood. Previous reports have found clinical associations with coeliac disease and genetic associations at the human leukocyte antigen [HLA] locus on the ancestral 8.1 haplotype. We investigated pharmacological and genetic factors associated with microscopic colitis in the UK Biobank.

Methods
In total, 483 European UK Biobank participants were identified by ICD10 coding, and a genome-wide association study was performed using BOLT-LMM, with a sensitivity analysis performed excluding potential confounders. The HLA*IMP:02 algorithm was used to estimate allele frequency at 11 classical HLA genes, and downstream analysis was performed using FUMA. Genetic overlap with inflammatory bowel disease [Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis] was investigated using genetic risk scores.

Results
We found significant phenotypic associations with smoking status, coeliac disease and the use of proton-pump inhibitors but not with other commonly reported pharmacological risk factors. Using the largest sample size to date, we confirmed a recently reported association with the MHC Ancestral 8.1 Haplotype. Downstream analysis suggests association with digestive tract morphogenesis. By calculating genetic risk scores, we also report suggestive evidence of shared genetic risk with Crohn’s disease, but not with ulcerative colitis.

Conclusions
This report confirms the role of genetic determinants in the HLA in the pathogenesis of microscopic colitis. The genetic overlap with Crohn’s disease suggests a common underlying mechanism of disease.
Characterization of the mechanisms by which missense mutations in the lysosomal acid lipase gene disrupt enzymatic activity
Authors: Vinje Terje , Laerdahl Jon K , Bjune Katrine , Leren Trond P , Strøm Thea Bismo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHydrolysis of cholesteryl esters and triglycerides in the lysosome is performed by lysosomal acid lipase (LAL). In this study we have investigated how 23 previously identified missense mutations in the LAL gene (LIPA) (OMIM# 613497) affect the structure of the protein and thereby disrupt LAL activity. Moreover, we have performed transfection studies to study intracellular transport of the 23 mutants. Our main finding was that most pathogenic mutations result in defective enzyme activity by affecting the normal folding of LAL. Whereas, most of the mutations leading to reduced stability of the cap domain did not alter intracellular transport, nearly all mutations that affect the stability of the core domain gave rise to a protein that was not efficiently transported from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi apparatus. As a consequence, ER stress was generated that is assumed to result in ER-associated degradation of the mutant proteins. The two LAL mutants Q85K and S289C were selected to study whether secretion-defective mutants could be rescued from ER-associated degradation by the use of chemical chaperones. Of the five chemical chaperones tested, only the proteasomal inhibitor MG132 markedly increased the amount of mutant LAL secreted. However, essentially no increased enzymatic activity was observed in the media. These data indicate that the use of chemical chaperones to promote the exit of folding-defective LAL mutants from the ER, may not have a great therapeutic potential as long as these mutants appear to remain enzymatically inactive.
PM2.5 air pollution and cause-specific cardiovascular disease mortality
Authors: Hayes Richard B , Lim Chris , Zhang Yilong , Cromar Kevin , Shao Yongzhao , Reynolds Harmony R , Silverman Debra T , Jones Rena R , Park Yikyung , Jerrett Michael , Ahn Jiyoung , Thurston George D 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundAmbient air pollution is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, yet uncertainty remains about the size of risks at lower levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure which now occur in the USA and elsewhere.MethodsWe investigated the relationship of ambient PM2.5 exposure with cause-specific cardiovascular disease mortality in 565 477 men and women, aged 50 to 71 years, from the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study. During 7.5 x 106 person-years of follow up, 41 286 cardiovascular disease deaths, including 23 328 ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and 5894 stroke deaths, were ascertained using the National Death Index. PM2.5 was estimated using a hybrid land use regression (LUR) geostatistical model. Multivariate Cox regression models were used to estimate relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsEach increase of 10  μg/m3 PM2.5 (overall range, 2.9–28.0  μg/m3) was associated, in fully adjusted models, with a 16% increase in mortality from ischaemic heart disease [hazard ratio (HR) 1.16; 95% CI 1.09-1.22] and a 14% increase in mortality from stroke (HR 1.14; CI 1.02-1.27). Compared with PM2.5 exposure &lt;8  μg/m3 (referent), risks for CVD were increased in relation to PM2.5 exposures in the range of 8–12  μg/m3 (CVD: HR 1.04; 95% CI 1.00-1.08), in the range 12–20  μg/m3 (CVD: HR 1.08; 95% CI 1.03-1.13) and in the range 20+ μg/m3 (CVD: HR 1.19; 95% CI 1.10-1.28). Results were robust to alternative approaches to PM2.5 exposure assessment and statistical analysis.ConclusionsLong-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution is associated with ischaemic heart disease and stroke mortality, with excess risks occurring in the range of and below the present US long-term standard for ambient exposure to PM2.5 (12  µg/m3), indicating the need for continued improvements in air pollution abatement for CVD prevention.
Identifying the number of unreported cases in SIR epidemic models
Authors: Ducrot A , Magal P , Nguyen T , Webb G F 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAn SIR epidemic model is analysed with respect to the identification of its parameters and initial values, based upon reported case data from public health sources. The objective of the analysis is to understand the relationship of unreported cases to reported cases. In many epidemic diseases the reported cases are a small fraction of the unreported cases. This fraction can be estimated by the identification of parameters for the model from reported case data. The analysis is applied to the Hong Kong seasonal influenza epidemic in New York City in 1968–1969.
In vitro and in vivo evaluation of thyme (Thymus vulgaris) essential oil as an alternative for antibiotic in quail diet1
Authors: Dehghani Naghmeh , Afsharmanesh Mohsen , Salarmoini Mohammad , Ebrahimnejad Hadi 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The thyme (Thymus vulgaris) essential oil was assessed as antibiotic growth promoter replacement in quail chick diet and in vitro test. In total, 250-d-old Japanese quail chicks (mixed sex) were allocated into 5 dietary treatments of 5 replications (6 females and 4 males in each cage with the size of 40× 90× 25 cm) under a completely randomized design. The dietary treatments were included the control diet, control diet without any additive, control diet plus 100 ppm flavophospholipol as an antibiotic growth promoter, control diet plus 200 ppm TVE, control diet plus 300 ppm TVE, and control diet plus 400 ppm T. vulgaris essential (TVE) oil. Feed intake, BW gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), organs weight, morphology of intestine, serum lipids, and microbial population were measured on day 35. Lipid oxidation of stored muscle tissue was measured by TBARS test. GC–MS assay, DPPH method, and well diffusion method were evaluated for determination of components, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties, respectively. FCR improved significantly in 400 ppm TVE compared with 200 and 300 ppm TVE (P < 0.05). The serum triglyceride decreased significantly in both sexes receiving 400 ppm TVE compared with control. Villi height increased significantly in duodenum accompanied by decreasing crypt dept at all TVE levels compared with control and antibiotic. The breast muscle tissue of quail fed on 300 and 400 ppm TVE reduced the rate of oxidation during refrigerated storage compared with control. Thymol was the main component (35.40%) of the thymus oil. The considerable antioxidant activity of TVE was identified by IC50 of 58.48 µg/mL. Moreover, zones of growth inhibition of Gram-positive bacteria and Escherichia coli were numerically greater in different doses of TVE than antibiotics. Therefore, The TVE is suitable alternative component for antibiotic growth promoters by dosing consideration. However, it is possible that antibiotic resistance would increase for these natural compounds along the time.
Exploiting the Synergistic Effect of Kairomones and Light-Emitting Diodes on the Attraction of Phlebotomine Sand Flies to Light Traps in Brazil
Authors: da Silva Apoliana Araújo , Rebêlo José Manuel Macário , Carneiro Bruna Ferreira , Castro Maria Patrícia Pereira , de Sousa de Almeida Mayara , Ponte Islana Silva , Aguiar João Vitor Castro , Silva Francinaldo Soares 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The synergistic effect of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and kairomones on the attraction of sand flies to light traps was evaluated. Octenol and lactic acid were used as chemical attractants. Green LEDs and the incandescent lamps were used as light attractants. Five CDC-type light traps with the respective combination of attractants (incandescent lamp, incandescent lamp + chemical attractant, green LED, green LED + chemical attractant, and chemical attractant alone [without light]) were set between 18:00 and 06:00 following a Latin square design. A total of 6,536 sand flies and 16 species were collected. The most frequent species collected was Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) (Diptera, Psychodidae) accounting for 43.21% of all individuals. Order of success (mean, SD) of lactic acid attractant fly capture was as follows: LED + lactic acid (36.83 ± 4.74), LED alone (34.87 ± 4.61), incandescent lamp + lactic acid (22.80 ± 3.19), incandescent lamp alone (12.67 ± 2.03), and lactic acid (0.46 ± 0.13). Order of success of octenol attractant fly capture was as follows: LED + octenol (37.23 ± 5.61), LED alone (35.77 ± 5.69), incandescent lamp + octenol (18.63 ± 3.28), incandescent lamp alone (14.67 ± 2.86), and octenol alone (1.80 ± 0.65). With exception of lactic acid + incandescent light, chemical synergists played no part in significantly increasing light trap capture of phlebotomine sand flies. However, the use of LEDs, with or without such attractants, provided significantly higher capture compared to the incandescent lamp with or without such chemicals, showing that LEDs are suitable and efficient light sources for surveillance and monitoring of phlebotomine sand flies in Brazil.
Contextualising Generic and Universal Generalisations: Quantifier Domain Restriction and the Generic Overgeneralisation Effect
Authors: Lazaridou-Chatzigoga Dimitra , Stockall Linnaea , Katsos Napoleon 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Generic generalisations (e.g. ‘tigers have stripes’, ‘ducks lay eggs’) refer to a characteristic property of a kind. Recently, the generics-as-default view has posited that we have a bias towards interpreting universally quantified statements as generic. Evidence offered for this view is the Generic Overgeneralisation (GOG) effect, which refers to the documented tendency of participants to misinterpret a quantificational statement like ‘all ducks lay eggs’ as if it were a generic and thus accept it as true, even though they know it is false. Across two experiments in English and Greek we systematically addressed the relevance of context and quantifier domain restriction for this kind of behaviour. Participants judged generic majority characteristic statements like ‘tigers have stripes’ or statements with universal quantifiers with different sensitivity to quantifier domain restriction preceded by one of three levels of context (neutral, contradictory and supportive). We found that context significantly affected the rates at which participants accepted universally quantified statements. Our results demonstrate that quantifier domain restriction is a viable alternative explanation for a significant proportion of the judgements of universally quantified statements that have been called GOG errors.
On the emergence of thousands of absorption lines in the quasar PG 1411+442: a clumpy high-column density outflow from the broad emission-line region?
Authors: Hamann Fred , Tripp Todd M , Rupke David , Veilleux Sylvain 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Quasar outflows are fundamental components of quasar environments that might play an important role in feedback to galaxy evolution. We report on the emergence of a remarkable new outflow absorption-line system in the quasar PG1411+442 (redshift ∼0.089) detected in the UV and visible with the Hubble Space Telescope Cosmic Origins Spectrograph and the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph, respectively. This new ‘transient’ system contains thousands of lines, including Fe ii and Fe ii∗ from excited states up to 3.89 eV, H i∗ Balmer lines, Na i D λλ5890, 5896, and the first detection of He i∗ λ5876 in a quasar. The transient absorber is spatially inhomogeneous and compact, with sizes ≲0.003 pc, based on covering fractions on the quasar continuum source ranging from ∼0.45 in strong UV lines to ∼0.04 in Na i D. cloudy photoionization simulations show that large total column densities log NH(cm−2) ≳ 23.4 and an intense radiation field ≲0.4 pc from the quasar are needed to produce the observed lines in thick zones of both fully ionized and partially ionized gas. The densities are conservatively log nH(cm−3) ≳ 7 based on Fe ii∗, H i∗, and He i∗ but they might reach log nH(cm−3) ≳ 10 based on Na i D. The transient lines appear at roughly the same velocity shift, v ∼ −1900 km s−1, as a ‘mini-BAL’ outflow detected previously, but with narrower Doppler widths, b ∼ 100 km s−1, and larger column densities in more compact outflow structures. We propose that the transient lines identify a clumpy outflow from the broad emission-line region that, at its current speed and location, is still gravitationally bound to the central black hole.
The s-process enriched star HD 55496: origin from a globular cluster or from the tidal disruption of a dwarf galaxy?
Authors: Pereira C B , Drake N A , Roig F 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We present a new abundance analysis of HD 55496, previously known as a metal-poor barium star. We found that HD 55496 has a metallicity [Fe/H] = −1.55 and is s-process enriched. We find that HD 55496 presents four chemical peculiarities: (i) a Na–O abundance anticorrelation; (ii) it is aluminium rich; (iii) it is carbon poor for an s-process enriched star, and (iv) the heavy second s-process peak elements, such as Ba, La, Ce, and Nd, present smaller abundances than the light s-process elements, such as Sr, Y, and Zr, which is not usually observed among the chemically peculiar binary stars at this metallicity. The heavy-element abundance pattern suggests that the main source of the neutrons is the 22Ne(α,n)25Mg reaction. Taking all these abundance evidences together into consideration strongly suggests that HD 55496 is a ‘second-generation of globular cluster stars’ formed from gas already strongly enriched in s-process elements and now is a field halo object. Our dynamical analysis, however, indicates that the past encounter probabilities with the known globular clusters are very low ($\le \!6{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$). This evidence, together with the retrograde motion, points to a halo intruder possibly originated from the tidal disruption of a dwarf galaxy.
The SAMI Galaxy Survey: mass–kinematics scaling relations
Authors: Barat Dilyar , D’Eugenio Francesco , Colless Matthew , Brough Sarah , Catinella Barbara , Cortese Luca , Croom Scott M , Medling Anne M , Oh Sree , van de Sande Jesse , Sweet Sarah M , Yi Sukyoung K , Bland-Hawthorn Joss , Bryant Julia , Goodwin Michael , Groves Brent , Lawrence Jon , Owers Matt S , Richards Samuel N , Scott Nicholas 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
We use data from the Sydney-AAO Multi-object Integral-field spectroscopy (SAMI) Galaxy Survey to study the dynamical scaling relation between galaxy stellar mass M∗ and the general kinematic parameter $S_K = \sqrt{K V_{\rm rot}^2 + \sigma ^2}$ that combines rotation velocity Vrot and velocity dispersion σ. We show that the log M∗ – log SK relation: (1) is linear above limits set by properties of the samples and observations; (2) has slightly different slope when derived from stellar or gas kinematic measurements; (3) applies to both early-type and late-type galaxies and has smaller scatter than either the Tully–Fisher relation (log M∗ − log Vrot) for late types or the Faber–Jackson relation (log M∗ − log σ) for early types; and (4) has scatter that is only weakly sensitive to the value of K, with minimum scatter for K in the range 0.4 and 0.7. We compare SK to the aperture second moment (the ‘aperture velocity dispersion’) measured from the integrated spectrum within a 3-arcsecond radius aperture ($\sigma _{3^{\prime \prime }}$). We find that while SK and $\sigma _{3^{\prime \prime }}$ are in general tightly correlated, the log M∗ − log SK relation has less scatter than the $\log M_* - \log \sigma _{3^{\prime \prime }}$ relation.
Prediction of IDH genotype in gliomas with dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion MR imaging using an explainable recurrent neural network
Authors: Choi Kyu Sung , Choi Seung Hong , Jeong Bumseok 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to predict isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) genotypes of gliomas using an interpretable deep learning application for dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) perfusion MRI.

Methods
Four hundred sixty-three patients with gliomas who underwent preoperative MRI were enrolled in the study. All the patients had immunohistopathologic diagnoses of either IDH-wildtype or IDH-mutant gliomas. Tumor subregions were segmented using a convolutional neural network followed by manual correction. DSC perfusion MRI was performed to obtain T2* susceptibility signal intensity-time curves from each subregion of the tumors: enhancing tumor, non-enhancing tumor, peritumoral edema, and whole tumor. These, with arterial input functions, were fed into a neural network as multidimensional inputs. A convolutional long short-term memory model with an attention mechanism was developed to predict IDH genotypes. Receiver operating characteristics analysis was performed to evaluate the model.

Results
The IDH genotype predictions had an accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 92.8%, 92.6%, and 93.1%, respectively, in the validation set (area under the curve [AUC], 0.98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.969–0.991) and 91.7%, 92.1%, and 91.5%, respectively, in the test set (AUC, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.898–0.982). In temporal feature analysis, T2* susceptibility signal intensity-time curves obtained from DSC perfusion MRI with attention weights demonstrated high attention on the combination of the end of the pre-contrast baseline, up/downslopes of signal drops, and/or post-bolus plateaus for the curves used to predict IDH genotype.

Conclusions
We developed an explainable recurrent neural network model based on DSC perfusion MRI to predict IDH genotypes in gliomas.
Evolutionary transition between invertebrates and vertebrates via methylation reprogramming in embryogenesis
Authors: Xu Xiaocui , Li Guoqiang , Li Congru , Zhang Jing , Wang Qiang , Simmons David K , Chen Xuepeng , Wijesena Naveen , Zhu Wei , Wang Zhanyang , Wang Zhenhua , Ju Bao , Ci Weimin , Lu Xuemei , Yu Daqi , Wang Qian-fei , Aluru Neelakanteswar , Oliveri Paola , Zhang Yong E , Martindale Mark Q , Liu Jiang 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
Major evolutionary transitions are enigmas, and the most notable enigma is between invertebrates and vertebrates, with numerous spectacular innovations. To search for the molecular connections involved, we asked whether global epigenetic changes may offer a clue by surveying the inheritance and reprogramming of parental DNA methylation across metazoans. We focused on gametes and early embryos, where the methylomes are known to evolve divergently between fish and mammals. Here, we find that methylome reprogramming during embryogenesis occurs neither in pre-bilaterians such as cnidarians nor in protostomes such as insects, but clearly presents in deuterostomes such as echinoderms and invertebrate chordates, and then becomes more evident in vertebrates. Functional association analysis suggests that DNA methylation reprogramming is associated with development, reproduction and adaptive immunity for vertebrates, but not for invertebrates. Interestingly, the single HOX cluster of invertebrates maintains unmethylated status in all stages examined. In contrast, the multiple HOX clusters show dramatic dynamics of DNA methylation during vertebrate embryogenesis. Notably, the methylation dynamics of HOX clusters are associated with their spatiotemporal expression in mammals. Our study reveals that DNA methylation reprogramming has evolved dramatically during animal evolution, especially after the evolutionary transitions from invertebrates to vertebrates, and then to mammals.