bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential diagnosis of late‐type reactions to injected local anaesthetics: Inflammation at the injection site is the only indicator of allergic hypersensitivity
Authors: Trautmann Axel , Stoevesandt Johanna 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundAnaphylaxis‐like reactions developing within a few minutes are the most frequent complications of subcutaneous or submucosal injections of local anaesthetics (LAs), and topically applied LAs are potential contact allergens. In addition, injected LAs have been reported to induce delayed reactions, including local inflammation at the injection site, and various general symptoms.ObjectivesTo assess the frequency and symptoms of late‐type hypersensitivity occurring several hours after LA injections.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated clinical data and test results from all patients referred to our allergy clinic in a period of 20 years for diagnostic work‐up of LA‐associated late‐type reactions.ResultsOf 202 patients reporting symptoms with onset at least 1 hour after LA injection, 40 had cutaneous inflammation confined to the injection site, and 162 reported various systemic symptoms. LA hypersensitivity could be excluded in all patients with systemic complaints by means of skin testing and subsequent subcutaneous provocation. In 8 of the 40 patients (20%) with local inflammatory reactions, late‐type allergic LA hypersensitivity was confirmed.ConclusionsLate‐type LA allergy commonly causes inflammatory skin reactions confined to the injection site. Conversely, LAs are highly unlikely to trigger delayed systemic symptoms such as urticarial or exanthematous skin eruptions.
Aptamer‐targeted DNA nanostructures with doxorubicin to treat protein tyrosine kinase 7‐positive tumours
Authors: Liu Mengting , Ma Wenjuan , Li Qianshun , Zhao Dan , Shao Xiaoru , Huang Qian , Hao Liying , Lin Yunfeng 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivesAptamer sgc8c is a short DNA sequence that can target protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7), which was overexpressed on many tumour cells. This study aimed to fabricate a novelty DNA nanostructure drug delivery system target on PTK7‐positive cells—CCRF‐CEM (human T‐cell ALL).MethodsAptamer‐modified tetrahedron DNA was synthesized through one‐step thermal annealing process. The sgc8c‐TDNs (s‐TDNs) loading DOX complexes were applied to investigate the effect to PTK7‐negative and ‐positive cells.ResultsWhen s‐TDN:DOX acted on PTK7‐positive and ‐negative cells respectively, the complexes exhibited specific toxic effect on PTK7‐positive cells but not on PTK7‐negative Ramos cells in vitro research.ConclusionsIn this work, we successfully constructed a PTK7‐targeting aptamer‐guided DNA tetrahedral nanostructure (s‐TDN) as a drug delivery system via a facile one‐pot synthesis method. The results showed that s‐TDN:DOX exhibited enhanced cytotoxicity against PTK7‐positive CCRF‐CEM cells, with a minor effect against PTK7‐negative Ramos cells. Hence, this functionalized TDNs drug delivery system displayed its potential application in targeting PTK7‐positive tumour T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.
Distinct feeding strategies of generalist and specialist spiders
Authors: Pompozzi Gabriel , García Luis F. , Petráková Lenka , Pekár Stano 
Published: October 2018

1. Feeding behaviour of generalist and specialist predators is determined by a variety of trophic adaptations. Specialised prey‐capture adaptations allow specialists to catch relatively large prey on a regular basis. As a result, specialists might be adapted to exploit each item of prey more thoroughly than do generalists.2. It was expected that obligatory specialist cursorial spiders would feed less frequently than generalists but for a longer time and, thus, that their foraging pause would be longer. First, the feeding frequencies of three generalist spider species (Cybaeodamus taim, Harpactea hombergi, Hersiliola sternbergsi) were compared with those three phylogenetically related specialist species: myrmecophagous Zodarion rubidum, and araneophagous Nops aff. variabilis and Palpimanus orientalis.3. Generalists captured more prey, exploited each item of prey for a significantly shorter time, and had a shorter foraging pause than was the case for specialists. Generalists also gained significantly less relative amount of prey mass than did specialists.4. Second, the study compared the prey DNA degradation rate in the gut of generalists and specialists by means of PCR. The degradation rate was not significantly different between specialists and generalists: the detectability half‐life was estimated to exist for 14.3 days after feeding.5. This study shows that the feeding strategies of cursorial generalist and obligatory specialist spiders are different. Obligatory specialists have evolved a feeding strategy that is based on thorough exploitation of a few large prey, whereas generalists have evolved a strategy that is based on short exploitation of multiple small items of prey.
Australia's innovation in youth mental health care: The headspace centre model
Authors: Rickwood Debra , Paraskakis Marie , Quin Diana , Hobbs Nathan , Ryall Vikki , Trethowan Jason , McGorry Patrick 
Published: October 2018

Aimheadspace is Australia's innovation in youth mental healthcare and comprises the largest national network of enhanced primary care, youth mental health centres world‐wide. headspace centres aim to intervene early in the development of mental ill‐health for young people aged 12 to 25 years by breaking down the barriers to service access experienced by adolescents and emerging adults and providing holistic healthcare. Centres have been progressively implemented over the past 12 years and are expected to apply a consistent model of integrated youth healthcare. Internationally, several countries are implementing related approaches, but the specific elements of such models have not been well described in the literature.MethodThis paper addresses this gap by providing a detailed overview of the 16 core components of the headspace centre model.ResultsThe needs of young people and their families are the main drivers of the headspace model, which has 10 service components (youth participation, family and friends participation, community awareness, enhanced access, early intervention, appropriate care, evidence‐informed practice, four core streams, service integration, supported transitions) and six enabling components (national network, Lead Agency governance, Consortia, multidisciplinary workforce, blended funding, monitoring and evaluation).ConclusionThrough implementation of these core components headspace aims to provide easy access to one‐stop, youth‐friendly mental health, physical and sexual health, alcohol and other drug, and vocational services for young people across Australia.
COSUM: Text summarization based on clustering and optimization
Authors: Alguliyev Rasim M. , Aliguliyev Ramiz M. , Isazade Nijat R. , Abdi Asad , Idris Norisma 
Published: October 2018

AbstractText summarization is a process of extracting salient information from a source text and presenting that information to the user in a condensed form while preserving its main content. In the text summarization, most of the difficult problems are providing wide topic coverage and diversity in a summary. Research based on clustering, optimization, and evolutionary algorithm for text summarization has recently shown good results, making this a promising area. In this paper, for a text summarization, a two‐stage sentences selection model based on clustering and optimization techniques, called COSUM, is proposed. At the first stage, to discover all topics in a text, the sentences set is clustered by using k‐means method. At the second stage, for selection of salient sentences from clusters, an optimization model is proposed. This model optimizes an objective function that expressed as a harmonic mean of the objective functions enforcing the coverage and diversity of the selected sentences in the summary. To provide readability of a summary, this model also controls length of sentences selected in the candidate summary. For solving the optimization problem, an adaptive differential evolution algorithm with novel mutation strategy is developed. The method COSUM was compared with the 14 state‐of‐the‐art methods: DPSO‐EDASum; LexRank; CollabSum; UnifiedRank; 0–1 non‐linear; query, cluster, summarize; support vector machine; fuzzy evolutionary optimization model; conditional random fields; MA‐SingleDocSum; NetSum; manifold ranking; ESDS‐GHS‐GLO; and differential evolution, using ROUGE tool kit on the DUC2001 and DUC2002 data sets. Experimental results demonstrated that COSUM outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art methods in terms of ROUGE‐1 and ROUGE‐2 measures.
Identification of I‐equivalent subnetworks in Bayesian networks to incorporate experts' knowledge
Authors: Lee Sang Min , Kim Seoung Bum 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBayesian networks (BNs) have been widely used in causal analysis because they can express the statistical relationship between significant variables. To gain superior causal analysis results, numerous studies have emphasized the importance of combining a knowledge‐based approach and a data‐based approach. However, combining these two approaches is a difficult task because it can reduce the effectiveness of the BN structure learning. Further, the learning schemes of BNs for computational efficiency can cause an inadequate causal analysis. To address these problems, we propose a knowledge‐driven BN structure calibration algorithm for rich causal semantics. We first present an algorithm that can efficiently identify the subnetworks that can be altered to satisfy the learning condition of the BNs. We then reflect experts' knowledge to reduce erroneous causalities from the learned network. Experiments on various simulation and benchmark data sets were conducted to examine the properties of the proposed method and to compare its performance with an existing method. Further, an experimental study with real data from semiconductor fabrication plants demonstrated that the proposed method provided superior performance in improving structural accuracy.
An Implementation Study of Relationship Checkups as Home Visitations for Low‐Income At‐Risk Couples
Authors: Coop Gordon Kristina , Cordova James V. , Roberson Patricia N. E. , Miller Melanie , Gray Tatiana , Lenger Katherine A. , Hawrilenko Matt , Martin Kerri 
Published: October 2018

Couples with the greatest need for relationship health maintenance and intervention are often least able to afford and access it; therefore, accessible, affordable, effective, and brief interventions are needed to improve relationship health for those who need it most. Consequently, this paper examined whether a brief relationship intervention could be effectively implemented with a low‐income, underserved population. All enrolled participants (N = 1,312) received the Relationship Checkup, which consists of an assessment and a feedback session delivered in their homes or at a local clinic at their request. Measures assessed relationship satisfaction, communication, psychological and physical aggression, and intimacy at baseline and 1‐month follow‐up, and program and relationship satisfaction at 6‐month follow‐up. All participants reported significant improvements on all outcomes with small effect sizes. However, moderation analyses suggested that distressed couples reported significantly larger effects across the board. Overall, participants reported that they were highly satisfied with the intervention both immediately after its delivery and 6 months later. Findings provide preliminary support for the effectiveness of this brief checkup and point to the utility of offering these kinds of low‐cost brief interventions in flexible formats for those who might have the most difficulty accessing them.
An Exploratory Study of Predictors of Relationship Commitment for Cisgender Female Partners of Transgender Individuals
Authors: Platt Lisa F. 
Published: October 2018

The current exploratory study investigates which variables predict commitment among cisgender women currently in a relationship with a transgender‐identified partner. This study includes variables specific to gender diverse couples such as years in the relationship, amount of prior knowledge about transgender identity, and gender role beliefs. Also included are the general relationship factors of satisfaction, quality of alternatives, investment size, and the outcome variable of commitment, as described in the Investment Model of Commitment. Using convenience sampling from online support groups, the sample was n = 138 cisgender female partners. The findings of the regression analyses indicate one's personal resilience and the number of years in the relationship prior to transition are significantly related to partner commitment, with satisfaction mediating both associations. The longer a participant was in the relationship at the time of a gender transition of a partner, the less satisfaction they report, thus reducing commitment to the relationship. Additionally the more personal resilience a partner endorses, the higher the relationship satisfaction, and in turn, more commitment is reported. The results offer information about the important factors related to staying in relationships during and after a gender transition.
Effect of aliskiren, a direct renin inhibitor, on the protective action of antiepileptic drugs against pentylenetetrazole‐induced clonic seizures in mice
Authors: Łukawski Krzysztof , Raszewski Grzegorz , Czuczwar Stanisław J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIt has been demonstrated that certain angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin AT1 receptor antagonists can possess anticonvulsant activity. The purpose of the current study was to examine the effect of aliskiren, a direct renin inhibitor and a novel antihypertensive drug, against pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)‐induced clonic seizures in mice and on the protective activity of conventional antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in this seizure model. Effects of aliskiren on the PTZ threshold and the protective efficacy of AEDs, such as clonazepam (CLO), phenobarbital (PB), valproate (VPA), and ethosuximide (ETX) in the PTZ test, were evaluated in adult Swiss mice. Aliskiren and AEDs were administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) while PTZ (50–100 mg/kg) was injected subcutaneously (s.c.). The rota‐rod and passive avoidance test were used to assess the adverse effects of the combined treatment with aliskiren and AEDs. Aliskiren, at the dose of 75 mg/kg, significantly raised the PTZ threshold (P < 0.05). Furthermore, aliskiren, at the subthreshold dose of 50 mg/kg, significantly enhanced the protective action of CLO (P < 0.01), PB (P < 0.01), and VPA (P < 0.05) but not ETX (P > 0.05) in the s.c. PTZ test. Motor coordination in the rota‐rod test and long‐term memory in the passive avoidance task were not impaired by the combined treatment of the drugs. This study suggests that treatment with aliskiren can be useful in hypertensive patients with myoclonic seizures. Certainly, a clinical verification of using aliskiren in such patients would be necessary.
On the actual recruitment of European eel (Anguilla anguilla) in the River Ems, Germany
Authors: Diekmann Markus , Simon Janek , Salva Jens 
Published: October 2018

AbstractData from the historical River Ems glass eel fisheries in the 20th Century have been used for the ICES recruitment series. Commercial catches ceased from 1980 and dropped to zero; thus, eel recruitment data are since lacking. The present study assessed the actual eel recruitment to the River Ems with regard to the local tidal conditions. Standardised measurements were performed on relative glass eel occurrence at the tidal weir from 2014 and quantitative sampling at the next weir upstream from 2013. Eel migration at the tidal weir was dominated by glass eels and increased 2–3 month earlier than at the upstream weir, where migration was dominated by pigmented eels. In 2016, glass eels were marked at the tidal weir and pigmented elvers were sampled at the upstream weir. The 2016 eel recruitment was estimated at about 1% of the mean historical recruitment. Eel recruitment at the two weirs was not directly linked. Many eels seem not to pass the upstream weir. Further investigations are needed to reveal whether the results represent a regular pattern. In the long run, the perpetuation of the recruitment series is also foreseen.
Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index for independent walking function in maintenance hemodialysis patients: A single‐facility retrospective cohort study
Authors: Tanaka Tokuharu , Nishiyama Kei , Yamamura Osamu , Watase Hiroko , Yokoyama Yoshinari , Horiguchi Takayasu , Konishi Takashi , Hayashi Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2018

AimThe target Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) for patients on chronic maintenance hemodialysis is unclear. We aimed to determine the relationship between the GNRI and independent walking ability in such patients.MethodsIn the present retrospective cohort study, 90 patients receiving chronic maintenance hemodialysis were included. Logistic regression analyses were carried out to evaluate the relationship between the GNRI and independent walking ability. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was carried out to determine the cut‐off GNRI for predicting independent walking ability.ResultsMultivariate logistic regression analysis showed significant differences in age (odds ratio [OR] 0.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.6–0.9), creatinine generation rate percentage (OR 1.1, 95% CI 1.0–1.2), GNRI (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1–1.8; P < 0.01) and urea removal rate (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.1–0.9; P < 0.05). The cut‐off GNRI for independent walking ability was 86.7 (area under the curve 0.80, sensitivity 92.1%, specificity 66.7%, positive hit ratio 86.6%, negative hit ratio 78.3%). The factors correlated with survival in the univariate analysis were the GNRI, equilibrated Kt/V, urea removal rate, clear space rate, salt intake amount (P < 0.01), number of days of hospitalization and %creatinine generation rate (P < 0.05). The Cox proportional hazard regression model showed an OR of 0.77 (95% CI 0.32–1.8) at a GNRI <86/GNRI ≥86. In the multivariate survival analysis, we observed no significant differences in any of the factors.ConclusionsGNRI was correlated with walking ability, which indicated that GNRI might predict future walking ability; also, a GNRI of 87 might be the target for maintaining walking ability. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 1556–1561.
Determinants of clinical presentation on outcomes in older patients with myocardial infarction
Authors: Breining Alice , Negers Antonin , Mora Lucie , Moïsi Laura , Golmard Jean L , Cohen Ariel , Verny Marc , Collet Jean P , Boddaert Jacques 
Published: October 2018

AimMyocardial infarction without chest pain misleads the clinician, resulting in a diagnosis delay and an increase of mortality. The main objective of the present study was to determine the risk factors of atypical presentation in older patients with myocardial infarction.MethodsAll consecutive patients aged ≥75 years presenting with myocardial infarction and hospitalized in the cardiology intensive care unit were included in the present prospective multicenter observational study. All patients benefited from both specialized cardiac management and geriatric assessment.ResultsA total of 215 consecutive patients were included. The mean age was 85 ± 6 years. A total of 142 patients (66%) had a typical presentation (i.e. chest pain) and 73 patients (34%) had an atypical clinical presentation (i.e. no chest pain). A total of 29 (13.5%) patients died within 30 days of the index hospitalization. Higher Cumulative Illness Rating Score‐Geriatric severity index score (P = 0.019) and initial atrial fibrillation (P = 0.022) were predictive of 30‐day all‐cause mortality. Typical presentation (P = 0.010) was a protective factor of 30‐day all‐cause mortality. A Cumulative Illness Rating Score for Geriatrics total score increase (P = 0.0003) and residing in a nursing home (P = 0.024) emerged as independent risk factors for atypical presentation.ConclusionsIn “real‐life” elderly patients, comorbidities influence the prognosis of myocardial infarction, but also clinical presentation. Identification of patients at risk of atypical presentation; that is, patients with multiple comorbid conditions, might help refine the prognostic value in older patients with myocardial infarction. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 1591–1596.
Diabetic nephropathy is associated with frailty in patients with chronic hemodialysis
Authors: Kakio Yuki , Uchida Haruhito A , Takeuchi Hidemi , Okuyama Yuka , Okuyama Michihiro , Umebayashi Ryoko , Wada Kentaro , Sugiyama Hitoshi , Sugimoto Ken , Rakugi Hiromi , Kasahara Shingo , Wada Jun 
Published: October 2018

AimSince 1998, the leading cause of chronic hemodialysis in Japan has been diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes mellitus is known to be a risk factor for frailty, but it still remains unknown whether diabetic nephropathy is associated with frailty in chronic dialysis patients. The authors carried out the present study to reveal the association between frailty and diabetic nephropathy in chronic hemodialysis patients.MethodsA total of 355 patients who were on hemodialysis were recruited. Participants were divided into two groups of either patients who suffered diabetic nephropathy with end‐stage renal disease (DN group, n = 150) or not (Non‐DN group, n = 205). The authors investigated the difference of the prevalence of frailty between the two groups. Furthermore, the authors examined the risk factors for frailty.ResultsThe prevalence of frailty in the DN group was significantly higher than that in the Non‐DN group (28.0% vs 16.5%, P = 0.0161). To evaluate the association between frailty and its risk factors, we compared frail patients (n = 71) and non‐frail patients (n = 262). After adjusting their interrelationships by using multivariate logistic regression analysis, diabetic nephropathy was determined as a significant risk factor for frailty.ConclusionsThe authors found the close association between frailty and diabetic nephropathy in chronic hemodialysis patients. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 1597–1602.
Gut microbiome can be restored without adverse events after Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy in teenagers
Authors: Gotoda Takuji , Takano Chika , Kusano Chika , Suzuki Sho , Ikehara Hisatomo , Hayakawa Satoshi , Andoh Akira 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication on the gut microbiota of teenagers is unknown; hence, this study aimed to assess changes in the gut microbiome after H. pylori eradication therapy in teenagers.Materials and MethodsChanges in gut microbiota before and after H. pylori eradication were prospectively investigated in eight students without any underlying diseases, via next‐generation sequencing of 16S rDNA. Twenty‐four stool samples were collected, and operational taxonomic unit analysis was performed. As secondary analyses, alpha and beta diversity were evaluated. Furthermore, pre‐treatment microbiome compositions were compared with those 1 week and 2 months after treatment.ResultsAlpha diversity analysis revealed that both species richness and evenness were recovered to pre‐treatment levels at 2 months after eradication therapy. Slight but non‐significant differences were observed in bacterial species abundance between pre‐ and post‐treatment samples, upon beta diversity analysis. Although the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes tended to increase and that of Actinobacteria significantly decreased immediately after eradication therapy, the taxonomic composition was similar to that before treatment and at 2 months post‐eradication. However, two students showed significant changes in the gut microbiota in relative abundances at the level of the phylum, class, and order.ConclusionsAlthough H. pylori eradication therapy caused short‐term dysbiosis, microbial diversity was restored in healthy teenagers. However, as the relative abundance of gut microbiota in some cases remained altered, the effect of H. pylori eradication therapy on the gut microbiome should be continuously monitored.