bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multilayer graphene shows intrinsic resistance peaks in the carrier density dependence
Authors: Hirahara Taiki , Ebisuoka Ryoya , Oka Takushi , Nakasuga Tomoaki , Tajima Shingo , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Yagi Ryuta 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSince the advent of graphene, a variety of studies have been performed to elucidate its fundamental physics, or to explore its practical applications. Gate-tunable resistance is one of the most important properties of graphene and has been studied in 1–3 layer graphene in a number of efforts to control the band gap to obtain a large on-off ratio. On the other hand, the transport property of multilayer graphene with more than three layers is less well understood. Here we show a new aspect of multilayer graphene. We found that four-layer graphene shows intrinsic peak structures in the gate voltage dependence of its resistance at zero magnetic field. Measurement of quantum oscillations in magnetic field confirmed that the peaks originate from the specific band structure of graphene and appear at the carrier density for the bottoms of conduction bands and valence bands. The intrinsic peak structures should generally be observed in AB-stacked multilayer graphene. The present results would be significant for understanding the physics of graphene and making graphene FET devices.
Flow-induced platelet activation in components of the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuit
Authors: Fuchs Gabriel , Berg Niclas , Broman L. Mikael , Prahl Wittberg Lisa 
Published: September 2018

AbstractExtracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is used for rescue in severe respiratory and/or circulatory failure. The patient’s blood is pumped over artificial surfaces in the ECMO circuit. A platelet activation model was applied to study the potential thrombogenicity of ECMO circuit components: the centrifugal blood pump, cannulae, and tubing connectors. Based on the accumulated effect of the scalar form of the stress acting on the platelet over time, the activation model enables assessment of platelet activation and pinpoints regions of elevated activation risk in a component. Numerical simulations of the flow in different components of the ECMO circuit was carried out where the activation level is a function of the impact of local stress and its history along the path that the platelets follow. The results showed that the pump carried the largest risk for platelet activation followed by the reinfusion cannula and lastly the connectors. Pump thrombogenicity was mainly due to long residence time and high shear-rate while the connector showed a high level of non-stationary shear-rate that in turn may contribute to the formation of aggregates through direct platelet activation or through high shear-rate modulation of the vWF multimers.
Subfossil trees suggest enhanced Mediterranean hydroclimate variability at the onset of the Younger Dryas
Authors: Pauly Maren , Helle Gerhard , Miramont Cécile , Büntgen Ulf , Treydte Kerstin , Reinig Frederick , Guibal Frédéric , Sivan Olivier , Heinrich Ingo , Riedel Frank , Kromer Bernd , Balanzategui Daniel , Wacker Lukas , Sookdeo Adam , Brauer Achim 
Published: September 2018

AbstractNearly 13,000 years ago, the warming trend into the Holocene was sharply interrupted by a reversal to near glacial conditions. Climatic causes and ecological consequences of the Younger Dryas (YD) have been extensively studied, however proxy archives from the Mediterranean basin capturing this period are scarce and do not provide annual resolution. Here, we report a hydroclimatic reconstruction from stable isotopes (δ18O, δ13C) in subfossil pines from southern France. Growing before and during the transition period into the YD (12 900–12 600 cal BP), the trees provide an annually resolved, continuous sequence of atmospheric change. Isotopic signature of tree sourcewater (δ18Osw) and estimates of relative air humidity were reconstructed as a proxy for variations in air mass origin and precipitation regime. We find a distinct increase in inter-annual variability of sourcewater isotopes (δ18Osw), with three major downturn phases of increasing magnitude beginning at 12 740 cal BP. The observed variation most likely results from an amplified intensity of North Atlantic (low δ18Osw) versus Mediterranean (high δ18Osw) precipitation. This marked pattern of climate variability is not seen in records from higher latitudes and is likely a consequence of atmospheric circulation oscillations at the margin of the southward moving polar front.
Effect of short-term high-temperature exposure on the life history parameters of Ophraella communa
Authors: Chen Hongsong , Zheng Xingwen , Luo Min , Guo Jianying , Solangi Ghulam Sarwar , Wan Fanghao , Zhou Zhongshi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractExtreme heat in summer is frequent in parts of China, and this likely affects the fitness of the beetle Ophraella communa, a biological control agent of invasive common ragweed. Here, we assessed the life history parameters of O. communa when its different developmental stages were exposed to high temperatures (40, 42 and 44 °C, with 28 °C as a control) for 3 h each day for 3, 5, 5, and 5 days, respectively (by stage). The larval stage was the most sensitive stage, with the lowest survival rate under heat stress. Egg and pupal survival significantly decreased only at 44 °C, and these two stages showed relative heat tolerance, while the adult stage was the most tolerant stage, with the highest survival rates. High temperatures showed positive effects on the female proportion, but there was no stage-specific response. Treated adults showed the highest fecundity under heat stress and a similar adult lifespan to that in the control. High temperatures decreased the F1 egg hatching rate, but the differences among stages were not significant. Negative carry-over effects of heat stress on subsequent stages and progenies’ survival were also observed. Overall, heat effects depend on the temperature and life stage, and the adult stage was the most tolerant stage. Ophraella communa possesses a degree of heat tolerance that allows it to survive on hot days in summer.
Selective phenol recovery via simultaneous hydrogenation/dealkylation of isopropyl- and isopropenyl-phenols employing an H2 generator combined with tandem micro-reactor GC/MS
Authors: Kumagai Shogo , Asakawa Masaki , Kameda Tomohito , Saito Yuko , Watanabe Atsushi , Watanabe Chuichi , Teramae Norio , Yoshioka Toshiaki 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe pyrolysis of bisphenol A (BPA), an essential process ingredient used in industry and many everyday life products, helps produce low-industrial-demand chemicals such as isopropenyl- and isopropyl-phenols (IPP and iPrP). In this study, tandem micro-reactor gas chromatography/mass spectrometry combined with an H2 generator (H2-TR-GC/MS) was employed for the first time to investigate the selective recovery of phenol via simultaneous hydrogenation/dealkylation of IPP and iPrP. After investigating the iPrP dealkylation performances of several zeolites, we obtained full iPrP conversion with over 99% phenol selectivity using the Y-zeolite at 350 °C. In contrast, when applied to IPP, the zeolite acid centres caused IPP polymerisation and subsequent IPP-polymer cracking, resulting in many byproducts and reduced phenol selectivity. This challenge was overcome by the addition of 0.3 wt% Ni on the Y-zeolite (0.3Ni/Y), which enabled the hydrogenation of IPP into iPrP and subsequent dealkylation into phenol (full IPP conversion with 92% phenol selectivity). Moreover, the catalyst deactivation and product distribution over repetitive catalytic use were successfully monitored using the H2-TR-GC/MS system. We believe that the findings presented herein could allow the recovery of phenol-rich products from polymeric waste with BPA macro skeleton.
The clinical importance of a cytokine network in the acute phase of sepsis
Authors: Matsumoto Hisatake , Ogura Hiroshi , Shimizu Kentaro , Ikeda Mitsunori , Hirose Tomoya , Matsuura Hiroshi , Kang Sujin , Takahashi Kanae , Tanaka Toshio , Shimazu Takeshi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSepsis remains a major cause of death. Cytokines interact closely with each other and play a crucial role in the progression of sepsis. We focussed on the associations of a cytokine network with prognosis and disease severities in sepsis. This retrospective study included 31 patients with sepsis and 13 healthy controls. Blood samples were collected from patients on days 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 11 and 15 and from healthy controls. Levels of PAI-1, IFN-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-17A, TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-4 and IL-10 were measured. SOFA, JAAM DIC and ISTH DIC scores were evaluated at the same times blood samples were taken. Network analysis revealed a network formed by PAI-1, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1 and IL-10 on days 1, 2 and 4 throughout the acute phase of sepsis. There were positive correlations of each cytokine and the combined score (IL-6 + IL-8 + IL-10 + MCP-1) with the SOFA, JAAM DIC and ISTH DIC scores throughout the acute phase. A Cox proportional hazards model focussed on the acute phase showed that the above combined score was significantly related with patient prognosis, suggesting that the cytokine network of IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1 and IL-10 could play a pivotal role in the acute phase of sepsis.
Cleaner shrimp are a sustainable option to treat parasitic disease in farmed fish
Authors: Vaughan David B. , Grutter Alexandra S. , Hutson Kate S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractChemical use is widespread in aquaculture to treat parasitic diseases in farmed fish. Cleaner fish biocontrols are increasingly used in fish farming as an alternative to medicines. However, cleaner fish are susceptible to some of their clients’ parasites and their supply is largely dependent on wild harvest. In comparison, cleaner shrimp are not susceptible to fish ectoparasites and they can be reliably bred in captivity. The effectiveness of shrimp in reducing parasites on farmed fish remained unexplored until now. We tested four cleaner shrimp species for their ability to reduce three harmful parasites (a monogenean fluke, a ciliate protozoan, and a leech) on a farmed grouper. All shrimp reduced parasites on fish and most reduced the free-living early-life environmental stages – a function not provided by cleaner fish. Cleaner shrimp are sustainable biocontrol candidates against parasites of farmed fish, with the peppermint cleaner shrimp reducing parasites by up to 98%.
Seasonal and spatial variability of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the human-impacted Seine River in France
Authors: Marescaux Audrey , Thieu Vincent , Borges Alberto Vieira , Garnier Josette 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCarbon evasion from rivers is an important component of the global carbon cycle. The intensification of anthropogenic pressures on hydrosystems requires studies of human-impacted rivers to identify and quantify the main drivers of carbon evasion. In 2016 and 2017, four field campaigns were conducted in the Seine River network characterized by an intensively cropped and highly populated basin. We measured partial pressures of carbon dioxide (pCO2) in streams or rivers draining land under different uses at different seasons. We also computed pCO2 from an existing data set (pH, water temperature and total alkalinity) going back until 1970. Here we report factors controlling pCO2 that operate at different time and space scales. In our study, the Seine River was shown to be supersaturated in CO2 with respect to the atmospheric equilibrium, as well as a source of CO2. Our results suggest an increase in pCO2 from winter to summer in small streams draining forests (from 1670 to 2480 ppm), croplands (from 1010 to 1550 ppm), and at the outlet of the basin (from 2490 to 3630 ppm). The main driver of pCO2 was shown to be dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations (R2 = 0.56, n = 119, p < 0.05) that are modulated by hydro-climatic conditions and groundwater discharges. DOC sources were linked to land use and soil, mainly leaching into small upstream streams, but also to organic pollution, mainly found downstream in larger rivers. Our long-term analysis of the main stream suggests that pCO2 closely mirrors the pattern of urban water pollution over time. These results suggest that factors controlling pCO2 operate differently upstream and downstream depending on the physical characteristics of the river basin and on the intensity and location of the main anthropogenic pressures. The influence of these controlling factors may also differ over time, according to the seasons, and mirror long term changes in these anthropogenic pressures.
Comparison of initial oral microbiomes of young adults with and without cavitated dentin caries lesions using an in situ biofilm model
Authors: Rupf Stefan , Laczny Cedric C. , Galata Valentina , Backes Christina , Keller Andreas , Umanskaya Natalia , Erol Arzu , Tierling Sascha , Lo Porto Christina , Walter Jörn , Kirsch Jasmin , Hannig Matthias , Hannig Christian 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDental caries is caused by acids released from bacterial biofilms. However, thein vivoformation of initial biofilms in relation to caries remains largely unexplored. The aim of this study was to compare the oral microbiome during the initial phase of bacterial colonization for individuals with (CC) and without (NC) cavitated dentin caries lesions. Bovine enamel slabs on acrylic splints were worn by the volunteers (CC: 14, NC: 13) forin situbiofilm formation (2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 1 ml saliva as reference). Sequencing of the V1/V2 regions of the 16S rRNA gene was performed (MiSeq). The relative abundances of individual operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were compared between samples from the CC group and the NC group. Random forests models were furthermore trained to separate the groups. While the overall heterogeneity did not differ substantially between CC and NC individuals, several individual OTUs were found to have significantly different relative abundances. For the 8 h samples, most of the significant OTUs showed higher relative abundances in the CC group, while the majority of significant OTUs in the saliva samples were more abundant in the NC group. Furthermore, using OTU signatures enabled a separation between both groups, with area-under-the-curve (AUC) values of ~0.8. In summary, the results suggest that initial oral biofilms provide the potential to differentiate between CC and NC individuals.
Mucosal microbiota of intestinal polyps reveals putative biomarkers of colorectal cancer
Authors: Mangifesta Marta , Mancabelli Leonardo , Milani Christian , Gaiani Federica , de’Angelis Nicola , de’Angelis Gian Luigi , van Sinderen Douwe , Ventura Marco , Turroni Francesca 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe human intestine retains a complex microbial ecosystem, which performs crucial functions that impact on host health. Several studies have indicated that intestinal dysbiosis may impact on the establishment of life-threatening intestinal diseases such as colorectal cancer. An adenomatous polyp is the result of abnormal tissue growth, which is benign but is considered to be associated with a high risk of developing colorectal cancer, based on its grade of dysplasia. Development of diagnostic tools that are based on surveying the gut microbiota and are aimed at early detection of colorectal cancer represent highly desirable target. For this purpose, we performed a pilot study in which we applied a metataxonomic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing approach to unveil the composition of microbial communities of intestinal polyps. Moreover, we performed a meta-analysis involving the reconstructed microbiota composition of adenomatous polyps and publicly available metagenomics datasets of colorectal cancer. These analyses allowed the identification of microbial taxa such as Faecalibacterium, Bacteroides and Romboutsia, which appear to be depleted in cancerogenic mucosa as well as in adenomatous polyps, thus representing novel microbial biomarkers associated with early tumor formation. Furthermore, an absolute quantification of Fusubacterium nucleatum in polyps further compounded the important role of this microorganism as a valuable putative microbial biomarker for early diagnosis of colorectal cancer.
Nanoparticle-based Chemiluminescence for Chiral Discrimination of Thiol-Containing Amino Acids
Authors: Shahrajabian Maryam , Ghasemi Forough , Hormozi-Nezhad M. Reza 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe ability to recognize the molecular chirality of enantiomers is extremely important owing to their critical role in drug development and biochemistry. Convenient discrimination of enantiomers has remained a challenge due to lack of unsophisticated methods. In this work, we have reported a simple strategy for chiral recognition of thiol-containing amino acids including penicillamine (PA), and cysteine (Cys). We have successfully designed a nanoparticle-based chemiluminescence (CL) system based on the reaction between cadmium telluride quantum dots (CdTe QDs) and the enantiomers. The different interactions of CdTe QDs with PA enantiomers or Cys enantiomers led to different CL intensities, resulting in the chiral recognition of these enantiomers. The developed method showed the ability for determination of enantiomeric excess of PA and Cys. It has also obtained an enantioselective concentration range from 1.15 to 9.2 mM for PA. To demonstrate the potential application of this method, the designed platform was applied for the quantification of PA in urine and tablet samples. For the first time, we presented a novel practical application of nanoparticle-based CL system for chiral discrimination.
Association between resistin and fibroblast growth factor 23 in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Nakashima Akio , Yokoyama Keitaro , Kawanami Daiji , Ohkido Ichiro , Urashima Mitsuyoshi , Utsunomiya Kazunori , Yokoo Takashi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractFibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is associated with cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus. Insulin resistance has recently been reported to increase FGF23 levels, and resistin is a peptide that mainly regulates insulin resistance. However, few studies have investigated the association between FGF23 and resistin. A total of 422 patients with diabetes mellitus were recruited for this cross-sectional study to examine the association between resistin and intact FGF23. The mean ( ± standard deviation) age was 63.1 ± 11.9 years, and the median HbA1c was 6.7% (range, 6.1–7.1%). The mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 66.2 ± 23.1 mL/min/m2. Multiple regression analysis for resistin showed that logFGF23 (coefficient (Coef): 1.551; standard error (SE): 0.739; P = 0.036), C-peptide (Coef: 0.798; SE: 0.229; P = 0.001), ghrelin (Coef: 1.061; SE: 0.332; P = 0.001), intact parathyroid hormone (Coef: 0.022; SE: 0.099; P = 0.030), and eGFR (Coef: −0.091; SE: 0.017; P < 0.001) were all significantly associated with the resistin level. These associations were modified in patients with higher age, lower body mass index, and higher vitamin D levels. These results suggest that resistin is positively associated with serum FGF23 levels.
A Potential Bias in Subjective Ratings of Mental Effort
Authors: Moore Travis M. , Picou Erin M. 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
Subjective reports of listening effort are frequently inconsistent with behavioral and physiological findings. A potential explanation is that participants unwittingly substitute an easier question when faced with a judgment that requires computationally expensive analysis (i.e., heuristic response strategies). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether participants substitute the question “How did I perform?” when asked “How much effort did that take?”.

Method

Participants completed 2 sets of online surveys containing a text-based, multiple-choice synonym task. Expected performance and mental effort were manipulated across sets in 4 experiments, using a visual masking technique shown to correlate with speech-reception-testing in noise. Experiment 1 was designed to yield stable accuracy and differing effort across sets. Experiment 2 elicited differing accuracy and stable effort. Experiments 3 and 4 manipulated accuracy and performance in opposite directions. Participants included 273 adults (aged 19–68 years,
M
= 38.4 years).

Results
Experiment 1 revealed no influence of perceived performance on ratings of effort when accuracy was stable. Experiment 2 showed that ratings of effort differed inversely with ratings of performance (lower performance and increased effort). Experiments 3 and 4 also demonstrated that participants rated effort in a manner inversely related to performance, regardless of the effort inherent in the condition.

Conclusions
Participants likely substitute an easier question when asked to rate the multidimensional construct of mental effort. The results presented here suggest that perceived performance can serve as a ready heuristic and may explain the dissociation between subjective measures of listening effort and behavioral and physiological measures.
Die Bedeutung des Fußes in der Sprache, in Symbolen und Mythen
Authors: Zwipp Hans 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungDer Fuß ist entwicklungsgeschichtlich unser jüngster Skelettabschnitt. Neben der Hand ist er so tief wie kaum ein anderes Organ unseres menschlichen Körpers in unserer Alltagssprache verwurzelt. Durch die anatomisch-biomechanische Metamorphose der Hinterhände zu Füßen unter Aufwerfung eines Quer- und Längsgewölbes mit stabilem adduzierten 1. Fußstrahl wurde der bipedale, aufrechte Gang des Menschen ermöglicht. Durch Erschließen neuer Lebensräume konnte aus anthropologischer Sicht nahezu synchron ein Wachstum des Telenzephalon, eine Sprachentwicklung und eine verbesserte Feinmotorik der Hände zur Fertigung von Instrumenten zum Fischen und Jagen einsetzen. Vielleicht ist deswegen die Hand, besonders aber der Fuß, nicht nur in gesprochenen oder geschriebenen Worten so dominant gegenwärtig, sondern auch in Symbolik, Metaphern und Mythen. Der Fuß steht für die Wanderung durchs Leben, das Leben selbst, für den Menschen als Pars pro Toto, für die Freiheit, Macht und Unterwerfung. Er ist aber auch essenzielles Symbol für die lebenserhaltende Fruchtbarkeit, Erotik und Sexualität. Er ist nicht zuletzt unbewusster Botschafter unserer Emotionen in der nonverbalen Kommunikation mit unserem Gegenüber. In unserem sozialen Umfeld ermöglicht es uns der Fuß, uns gegenseitig zu treten, zu jagen, zu unterwerfen, aber auch aufeinander zuzugehen, nicht nur im übertragenen, sondern auch im wirklichen Sinne.
The Less You Are, the More You Are Helped: Effect of Kinesio Tape on Temporal Coordination
Authors: Bravi Riccardo , Cohen Erez , Martinelli Alessio , Gottard Anna , Minciacchi Diego 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe investigated whether a relationship exists between the inherent timing skill of subject and the magnitude of effect of KT on timing performance by expanding the examination of the dataset described in our previous work. Healthy subjects, tested with and without KT (NKT), performed sets of repetitive wrist's flexion-extensions (IWFEs) with the dominant limb (DL) and the non-dominant limb (NDL) in a synchronization-continuation task at two inter-onset intervals (IOIs): 550-ms and 800-ms. Standard deviation (SD) of IWFEs was used to measure the unevenness of performance. Different patterns of response to KT were observed based on the participant’s inherent precision. In the NDL the effect of KT was found significantly higher in the subgroups of individuals having SDNKT of IWFEs>38 ms (p=0.0024) in the 800-ms IOI or SDNKT of IWFEs>19 ms (p=0.0004) in the 550-ms IOI. In the DL the effect of KT was not influenced by the inherent timing skill. We propose KT to be tested for restoring motor control on subjects experiencing sensorimotor disorders associated with intense repetitive training. Also, our findings suggest that care should be taken when using groups of healthy subjects to test the effect of KT.