bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delivery of Transforming Growth Factor-β2-Perturbing Antibody in a Collagen Vehicle Inhibits Cranial Suture Fusion in Calvarial Organ Culture
Authors: Moursi Amr M. , Winnard Phillip L. , Fryer Doug , Mooney Mark P. 
Published: October 2018

Objective To determine whether antibody perturbation of Tgf-β, delivered in a collagen gel, could inhibit cranial suture fusion. Design Attachment and proliferation of osteoblasts cultured on a collagen gel with or without anti-Tgf-β2 antibody were determined by AlamarBlue dye assay and cell morphology by toluidine-blue staining. In rat calvarial organ culture, collagen gel with and without anti-Tgf-β2 antibody was injected subperiosteally over the posterior frontal suture of postnatal day 15 rat calvariae. A quantitative analysis of suture fusion was used to measure suture bridging in histological serial sections at various time points. Results Attachment and proliferation for cells cultured on collagen gel with anti-Tgf-β2 antibody were similar to collagen gel controls. Although proliferation was lower than on tissue culture plastic, cells treated with anti-Tgf-β2 antibody maintained an osteoblastic morphology. After 7, 10, and 15 days in organ culture, anti-Tgf-β2 antibody treatment caused a reduction in the percent bridging of posterior frontal sutures, compared with controls. Sutures exposed to anti-Tgf-β2 antibody and fibroblast growth factor-2 concurrently did not show an inhibition of bony bridging. Conclusions These results support previous reports suggesting a role for Tgf-β2 in cranial suture fusion. In cell culture the collagen gel, both with and without anti-Tgf-β2 antibody, promoted similar osteoblast attachment, proliferation, and osteoblastic morphology. In organ culture anti-Tgf-β2 antibody was delivered in a bioactive state via a collagen gel to inhibit cranial suture fusion. Also, the results suggest that the inductive effect of fibroblast growth factor-2 is not dependent on Tgf-β2 activity. Together, these results provide further support for the role of Tgf-β2 in cranial suture fusion.
Cephalometric and Occlusal outcome in Adults with Unilateral Cleft Lip, Palate, and Alveolus after Two Different Surgical Techniques
Authors: Gaggl Alexander , Feichtinger Matthias , Schultes Günter , Santler Gert , Pichlmaier Margit , Mossböck Rudolf , Kärcher Hans 
Published: October 2018

Objective To assess differences in the aesthetic and functional long-term results of one-stage and two-stage surgical and orthodontic treatment in patients with cleft lip, palate, and alveolus. Design Sixty adult patients who were operated on as children for unilateral cleft lip, palate, and alveolus were examined. In every patient the lip was closed using Tennison's technique. Thirty patients had soft and hard palate closure in two stages and 30 patients in a single stage. Lateral cephalometric and model analyses were conducted at a mean age of 18.4 years. Results In the model analysis, transverse narrowing was seen in all patients after two-stage operations and in three patients after one-stage operations. The deficit was more severe in the molar region in the two-stage group and nearly similar in the premolar and molar region in the one-stage group. A sagittal deficiency in the anterior maxilla was found in 26 patients after two-stage operations and in 16 patients after one-stage operations. In the lateral cephalometric analysis, the mean sella-nasion-point A angle in the one- and two-stage group was 78.2 degrees and 76.8 degrees, respectively. The ANB angle was normal in both groups. In both groups the inclination of the midface was low. There was a low posterior facial height. Minor scarring was seen in the single-stage group. Conclusion A more severe impairment of growth of the maxilla in the sagittal and frontal plane was observed after two-stage operations on the cleft palate.
Unilateral Moore Pharyngoplasty in the Treatment of Unilateral or Asymmetric Velopharyngeal Incompetence
Authors: Mehendale Felicity V. , Sommerlad Brian C. 
Published: October 2018

Objective To describe the use of a unilateral modification of the Moore pharyngoplasty in the treatment of unilateral or asymmetric velopharyngeal incompetence (VPI) and analyze the results in a consecutive series of patients operated on by a single surgeon. Design Blind assessment of randomized speech and nasendoscopy recordings. Setting A two-site tertiary referral cleft unit. Patients Eighteen consecutive patients with asymmetrical or unilateral VPI of varying etiology. Interventions A unilateral Moore pharyngoplasty was performed in all patients. Three patients underwent radical dissection and retropositioning of the velar muscles at the same time as the unilateral Moore pharyngoplasty. Main Outcome Measures Pre- and postoperative nasality and nasal airflow using the CAPS score, assessment of nasendoscopy recordings, and the rate of further surgery. Results There was a significant improvement in hypernasality (p = .014). There was a highly significant decrease in the size of the velopharyngeal gap on the side on which the Moore pharyngoplasty was performed (p = .004) as well as a highly significant decrease in the total gap size (p = .003). The Moore flap was effective in obliterating the lateral pharyngeal recess in 11 of 12 patients (p = .004). Three patients required further velopharyngeal surgery. Conclusions In appropriately selected patients, a unilateral Moore pharyngoplasty is a safe and effective treatment for unilateral or asymmetric VPI. If indicated, a radical dissection and retropositioning of the velar muscles may be combined with a Moore pharyngoplasty.
Longitudinal Follow-Up of Obstructive Sleep Apnea following Furlow Palatoplasty in Children with Cleft Palate: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Liao Yu-Fang , Yun Claudia , Huang Chiung-Shing , Chen Philip K. T. , Chen Ning-Hung , Hung Kai-Fong , Chuang Ming-Lung 
Published: October 2018

Objective To longitudinally investigate the incidence and severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) following Furlow palatoplasty for velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) in children with cleft palate. Subjects Ten children, six boys and four girls, mean age 5.1 years, at Furlow palatoplasty. Design Prospective analysis. Main Outcome Measures Overnight polysomnographic studies were used to determine the incidence and severity of sleep apneas 1 day prior to Furlow palatoplasty, 1 week postoperatively, and approximately 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Results None of the patients suffered OSA prior to Furlow palatoplasty. A high incidence of mild OSA (100%) occurred during the early postoperative period (p < .001) but resolved within 3 months in all but two patients (20%). Only one OSA (10%) persisted 6 months postoperatively. Conclusions Furlow palatoplasty for VPI in children with cleft palate might induce temporary and mild OSA.
Association of Distinct Craniofacial Features in Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip and Palate Family Members
Authors: Perkiomaki Marja R. , Yoon Young-Jooh , Tallents Ross H. , Barillas Ingrid , Herrera-Guido Roberto , Moss Mark E. , Fong Chin-To , Kyrkanides Stephanos 
Published: October 2018

Objective To assess the relationship of distinct craniofacial features among family members with cleft lip and palate (CLP). Methods Lateral cephalometric and anthropometric measurements of the members of 28 Costa Rican families with CLP were analyzed. The distinct craniofacial features in subjects with CLP were identified by comparing their craniofacial measurements with published normative values. The presence of these features was assessed in the unaffected family members. Regression coefficients were computed to evaluate the association of the distinct craniofacial measurements between parents and their offspring with and without CLP. Results The male and female subjects with CLP were characterized by shortened head (HL), anterior cranial base (S-N), and palatal length (ANS-PNS, A-PNS) measurements as well as hyperdivergent angle of S-N plane to palatal plane (<SN-PP). All unaffected family members also had shortened S-N and ANS-PNS measurements and mothers of affected daughters also shortened HL. Mothers had a significant association in S-N, ANS-PNS, and <SN-PP measurements with their affected daughters (p < .05 for all), and fathers had a significant association in A-PNS measurement with their affected sons (p < .05). None of the associations of the distinct craniofacial measurements were significant between mothers and their unaffected daughters or between fathers and their unaffected sons. Conclusion Unaffected family members of subjects with CLP also have some distinct craniofacial features, however in lesser degree. Mothers contribute more to their affected daughters’ and fathers to their affected sons’ distinct craniofacial morphology.
Occurrence of Cleft Lip and Palate in the Faroe Islands and Greenland from 1950 to 1999
Authors: Jakobsen Linda P. , Mølsted Kirsten , Christensen Kaare 
Published: October 2018

Objective To describe the occurrence of cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) and isolated cleft palate (CP) in the Faroe Islands and Greenland over a 50-year time period that has included substantial changes in lifestyle. Design A prevalence study based on patient records obtained from the Institute of Speech and Hearing Disorders in Copenhagen, Denmark, at which the treatment of patients with CP and CL/P from Greenland, the Faroe Islands, and Denmark is coordinated. Participants All live-born children in the Faroe Islands, Greenland, and Denmark with CL/P or CP born in the period 1950 to 1999 (Faroe Islands and Greenland) and 1950 to 1987 (Denmark). Results and Conclusion The mean prevalence of CL/P in the Faroe Islands and Greenland during the period 1950 to 1999 was 1.0 and 0.6 per 1000 live births, respectively. This is significantly lower than the mean prevalence of 1.4 (p < .05 and p < .001) per 1000 live births found in Denmark. The mean prevalence of CP in the Faroe Islands and Greenland was 1.5 and 1.1 per 1000 live births, respectively, which is significantly higher than the Danish prevalence of 0.5 per 1000 live births (p < .001 in both tests). There was no clear time trend in the prevalence, indicating that genetic factors or timetable environmental factors play a dominating role in the etiology of CL/P and CP in the Faroe Islands and Greenland.
Colonization of the Cleft Nasal Floor by Anaerobic Oral Flora in Patients with Oronasal Fistulae
Authors: Brennan Peter A. , Willy Peter , Anand Rajiv , Markus Anthony F. 
Published: October 2018

Objectives Aerobic oral bacteria only rarely colonize the cleft nasal floor in patients with patent oronasal fistula. There are no studies that have investigated whether anaerobic oral flora colonize this site and whether attempting to culture them is useful for assessing the patency of oronasal fistulae in the clinic. Design A prospective study of 13 patients with cleft with patent unilateral oronasal fistulae. Microbiological culture swabs were taken from the oral cavity and both nasal floors, with the unaffected side being used as a control. Following aerobic and anaerobic culture, bacterial isolates were identified and compared. Main Outcome Measure A significant growth of anaerobic oral bacteria from the cleft nasal floor when compared with the unaffected side. Results Aerobic oral flora was cultured from the oral cavity in all 13 patients. A light growth of aerobic oral flora was found in the cleft nasal floor in two patients, and anaerobic oral flora was cultured from the cleft nasal floor in the same two patients. No statistical correlation was found between growth of anaerobic flora and the cleft nasal floor (p = .48). Conclusions Like aerobic oral flora, anaerobic oral bacteria would appear to only rarely colonize the cleft nasal floor in patients with oronasal fistulae. This additional investigation does not appear to be helpful in the assessment of oronasal fistulae in the clinic.
Reflections on the Cleft Experience by South African Adults: Use of Qualitative Methodology
Authors: Patel Zakkiya , Ross Eleanor 
Published: October 2018

Objective This study explored the perceptions of a group of South African adults with repaired cleft lip, cleft palate, or both regarding their quality of life by considering the domains of communication, education, employment, family and marital life, social life, and emotional issues. Design An exploratory-descriptive, qualitative research design was employed. Setting Individual, semistructured interviews were conducted in the homes of participants. Respondents Twenty adults with repaired cleft lip, cleft palate, or both aged between 18 and 50 years participated in the study. Results Participants were generally satisfied with their communicative abilities and perceived their speech to be intelligible. They also felt that speech therapy had improved the quality of their lives. Although they had experienced teasing during childhood, they did not feel that their cleft had affected their relationships with teachers and were generally satisfied with their educational attainments. Socially they reported being greatly affected by negative societal perceptions and prevailing cultural myths regarding etiology of clefts. Generally employment did not appear to be affected by the presence of a cleft. With regard to family life, participants reported being treated differently by parents in comparison with their siblings. For the majority of respondents, marital relationships and dating did not seem to be adversely affected. In terms of emotional factors, both positive and negative reactions were experienced in relation to the cleft. They also felt that the competent and compassionate care received from the multidisciplinary team had definitely enhanced the quality of their lives. Conclusions These findings have important clinical implications for a multidisciplinary approach to treatment; counseling of patients and their families; education of the community regarding cleft lip, cleft palate, or both; and further research.
Association of Nasomaxillary Asymmetry in Children with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate and Their Parents
Authors: Yoon Young-Jooh , Perkiomaki Marja R. , Tallents Ross H. , Barillas Ingrid , Herrera-Guido Roberto , Fong Chin-To , Kyrkanides Stephanos 
Published: October 2018

Objective It has been suggested previously that increased width of midfacial structures is associated with the development of palatal clefting. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of transverse craniofacial asymmetry between children with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and their parents. Specifically, we hypothesized that parental transverse craniofacial asymmetry is a risk factor associated with the development of asymmetry in children with UCLP. Design Retrospective cross-sectional investigation including affected children and their noncleft parents. Patients, Participants A total of 64 children-parent sets of data (32 child-biological mother + 32 child-biological father) were included. Subject records included posteroanterior cephalometric radiographs obtained from 29 Costa Rican families with UCLP. Main Outcome Measures The side of parental nasal asymmetry was significantly associated with the side of cleft in their children. For the majority of parents with children suffering from a left cleft, nasal width was larger on the left, compared with the right side. Similarly, in the majority of parents with children suffering from a right cleft, nasal width was larger on the right, compared with the left side. Conclusion The results suggest that unilaterally increased nasomaxillary width in parents may play a key role in the development of ipsilateral palatal clefting in their offspring, therefore underscoring the importance of craniofacial form as a genetic etiologic factor in the genesis of clefting. Better understanding of the role of craniofacial form in cleft development will ultimately allow for the assessment of risk for cleft lip and palate.
Velopharyngeal Morphology of Patients with Persistent Velopharyngeal Incompetence following Repushback Surgery for Cleft Palate
Authors: Nakamura Norifumi , Ogata Yuko , Kunimitsu Kyoko , Suzuki Akira , Sasaguri Masaaki , Ohishi Masamichi 
Published: October 2018

Objective To characterize the velopharyngeal morphology of patients with persistent velopharyngeal incompetence (VPI) following repushback surgery for cleft palate. Participants Seven patients with moderate to severe VPI following repushback surgery for secondary correction of cleft palate, and 14 patients who had already obtained complete velopharyngeal closure function (VPF) were enrolled. Control data were obtained from the longitudinal files of 20 normal children in Kyushu University Dental Hospital. Main Outcome Measures Skeletal landmarks and measurements were derived from tracing of lateral roentgenographic cephalograms. The measurements included velar length, pharyngeal depth, and pharyngeal height and the ratio of velar length to pharyngeal depth. Additionally, the configuration of the upper pharynx (pharyngeal triangle) involving the cranial base, cervical vertebrae, and the posterior maxilla and also the position of posterior pharyngeal wall (PPW) in the pharyngeal triangle were analyzed. Results The VPI group had a significantly shorter velar length and greater pharyngeal depth, resulting in a smaller length/depth ratio than the controls. The points of PPW and cervical vertebrae of the VPI group were located more posteriorly and inferiorly than those in the group with complete VPF after the primary operation and the controls. The positions of cranial base and maxilla were not significantly different. Additionally, the position of PPW in the pharyngeal triangle was located significantly posteriorly and superiorly in the VPI group, compared with the controls. Conclusions The craniopharyngeal morphology of patients with persistent VPI was characterized by a short palate, wide-based and counterclockwise-rotated pharyngeal triangle, and posteriorly and superiorly positioned PPW. These might be contributory factors for the prediction of VPF before repushback surgery for cleft palate.
Risk factors for complications and graft failure in kidney transplant patients with sepsis
Authors: Syu Syuan-Hao , Lin Yung-Wei , Lin Ke-Hsun , Lee Liang-Ming , Hsiao Chi-Hao , Wen Yu-Ching 
Published: October 2018

Immunosuppressive therapies decreased the incidence of acute kidney rejection after kidney transplantation, but also increased the risk of infections and sepsis. This study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with complications and/or graft failure in kidney transplant patients with sepsis. A total of 14,658 kidney transplant patients with sepsis, identified in the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database (data from 2005–2014), were included in the study and classified into three groups: patients without complications or graft failure/dialysis (Group 1), patients with complications only (Group 2), and patients with complications and graft failure/dialysis (Group 3). Multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to evaluate factors associated with kidney transplant recipients. Multivariate analysis showed that, compared to Group 1, patients from Group 2 or Group 3 were more likely to be Black and to have cytomegalovirus infection, coagulopathy, and glomerulonephritis (p ≤ 0.041). Also, Group 2 was more likely to have herpes simplex virus infection, and Group 3 was more likely to have hepatitis C infection and peripheral vascular disorders, compared to Group 1 (p ≤ 0.002). In addition, patients from Group 3 were more likely to be Black and to have hepatitis C infection, peripheral vascular disorders, coagulopathy, and hypertension compared to Group 2 (p ≤ 0.039). Age and female gender were associated with lower odds of complications after kidney transplantation regardless of graft rejection/dialysis (p ≤ 0.049). Hyperlipidemia and diabetes decreased the chance of complications and graft failure/dialysis after kidney transplant (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the study highlights that black race, male gender, and specific comorbidities can increase the risk of complications and graft failure in kidney transplant patients with sepsis.
Estudo in silico das atividades de triterpenos e iridoides isolados de Himatanthus articulatus (Vahl) Woodson
Authors: Dolabela Maria Fâni , Da Silva Amanda Roberta Palheta , Ohashi Letícia Hiromi , Bastos Mírian Letícia Carmo , Da Silva Milena Cristina Martins , Vale Valdicley Vieira 
Published: October 2018

O presente trabalho realizou estudos in silico para predição das atividades farmacocinética, toxicológica e biológica de triterpenos e iridoides isolados de Himatanthus articulatus, utilizada popularmente contra malária, afecções na pele, helmintíases, úlceras gástricas, gastrites, tumores e sífilis. As comparações foram realizadas através dos programas: ChemSketch, PreADMET e PASS online. As características físico-químicas dos compostos foram estimadas pelos servidores online Mcule property calculator e Chemicalize.org. Os resultados revelaram que os triterpenos e os iridoides não glicosilados (plumericina e isoplumericina) apresentaram absorção intestinal acima de 90%. Apenas a plumericina e a isoplumericina seguem a regra de Lipinsk, além de apresentarem atividade antineoplásica, antibacteriana e antifúngica. O cinamato de lupeol, cinamato de α-amirina e acetato de lupeol provavelmente atuam nos sinais e sintomas da malária, porém, o acetato de lupeol apresentou maior número de reações adversas. Todas as substâncias mostraram carcinogenicidade, mas apenas os triterpenos demonstraram mutagenicidade. Em termos farmacocinético, toxicológico e biológico, apenas a plumericina e a isoplumericina apresentaram resultados satisfatórios.
The stomach as the target organ of celiac disease
Authors: Novikova Valeria P. , Shapovalova Natalia S. , Revnova Maria O. , Melnikova Valentina F. , Lapin Sergey V. , Guseva Veronika I. , Gurina Olga P. , Dementieva Elena A. , Klikunova Ksenia A. 
Published: October 2018

The aim of this study was to observe the features of chronic gastritis in children with celiac disease (СD).
Materials and methods. 176 children with chronic gastritis (CG) aged from 3 to 16 years were examined. Group I consisted 58 child ren with CG and newly diagnosed CD not adherent to the gluten-free diet (GFD), group II consisted 49 children with CG and CD, adherent to the GFD. In the group III of comparisons were 69 children with CG and excluded CD. The exa mination included serological, morphological methods to confirm or exclude CD. The histological examination of the biopsy specimens of the gastric mucosa, the determination of antiparietal antibodies by the method of iIFR and ELISA (antibodies to Castle’s intrinsic factor and Anti-H+/K+ ATPase antibodies) were carried out.
Results. Helicobacter pylori infection was diagnosed in vast majority of patients in all groups. Autoantibodies to the gastric mucosa were found in every tenth patient in groups I and III, and did not occur in group II. In group II statistically significant the etiology of gastritis remained not determined. Endoscopically the gastric mucosa in groups I and II often remained intact. Accor ding to the morphological study in groups I and II, the pathological process was more often localized in the body of the stomach, and in group III in the antrum. Autoimmune gastritis is presented in groups without a statistically significant difference.
Conclusion. Chronic gastritis is a frequent co-morbid pathology in СD, and it is also not uncommon in these patients. Data of endoscopy in children, regardless of diet, does not reflect the complete picture of CG. All children with CD, regardless of compliance with GFD, are recommended to take biopsy specimens of the gastric mucosa for histological examination in order to exclude CG, and in case of detecting atrophic changes in the gastric mucosa to define the antiparietal antibodies.