bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Standardization of hippocampus volumetry using automated brain structure volumetry tool for an initial Alzheimer’s disease imaging biomarker
Authors: Abrigo Jill , Shi Lin , Luo Yishan , Chen Qianyun , Chu Winnie Chiu Wing , Mok Vincent Chung Tong ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: September 2018

Background One significant barrier to incorporate Alzheimer’s disease (AD) imaging biomarkers into diagnostic criteria is the lack of standardized methods for biomarker quantification. The European Alzheimer’s Disease Consortium-Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (EADC-ADNI) Harmonization Protocol project provides the most authoritative guideline for hippocampal definition and has produced a manually segmented reference dataset for validation of automated methods. Purpose To validate automated hippocampal volumetry using AccuBrain™, against the EADC-ADNI dataset, and assess its diagnostic performance for differentiating AD and normal aging in an independent cohort. Material and Methods The EADC-ADNI reference dataset comprise of manually segmented hippocampal labels from 135 volumetric T1-weighted scans from various scanners. Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and Pearson’s r were obtained for AccuBrain™ and FreeSurfer. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of a separate cohort of 299 individuals (150 normal controls, 149 with AD) were obtained from the ADNI database and processed with AccuBrain™ to assess its diagnostic accuracy. Area under the curve (AUC) for total hippocampal volumes (HV) and hippocampal fraction (HF) were determined. Results Compared with EADC-ADNI dataset ground truths, AccuBrain™ had a mean DSC of 0.89/0.89/0.89, ICC of 0.94/0.96/0.95, and r of 0.95/0.96/0.95 for right/left/total HV. AccuBrain™ HV and HF had AUC of 0.76 and 0.80, respectively. Thresholds of ≤ 5.71 mL and ≤ 0.38% afforded 80% sensitivity for AD detection. Conclusion AccuBrain™ provides accurate automated hippocampus segmentation in accordance with the EADC-ADNI standard, with great potential value in assisting clinical diagnosis of AD.
Cyclophosphamide versus cyclosporine A therapy in steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome: a retrospective study with a mean 5-year follow-up
Authors: Liu Yanwei , Yang Ruikun , Yang Chen , Dong Shuhong , Zhu Ying , Zhao Mingdong , Yuan Fenglai , Gui Keke 
Published: September 2018

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of cyclophosphamide (CTX) and cyclosporine A (CSA) in initial treatment of children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS). Methods Prospectively maintained databases were reviewed to retrospectively compare two cohorts with SRNS that received peroral administration of 2 to 2.5 mg/kg/d CTX for 3 to 6 months or 1 to 5 mg/kg/d CSA for 2 years until the primary analysis cut-off date during 2007 to 2011. The time to first on-study relapse of SRNS was the primary endpoint. The effective rate was the second endpoint. Results A total of 127 children with SRNS were included (CTX-treated cohort: n = 62; CSA-treated cohort: n = 65), with a mean 5-year follow-up. CTX-treated children showed a significantly delayed time to first on-study relapse of SRNS compared with CSA-treated children (hazard ratio 0.66, 95% confidence interval 0.32–1.75). The relapse rate (rate/year) in CTX-treated children (1.1 ± 0.1) at the 24-month follow-up was significantly higher than that with CSA (0.4 ± 0.2). This difference persisted until the final follow-up. Conclusions CSA is associated with a significantly lower relapse rate and significantly higher effective rate compared with CTX, especially in children with minimal change disease.
Weight Loss and Resolution of Comorbidities After Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Review of Long-Term Results
Authors: Felsenreich D. M. , Langer F. B. , Prager G. 
Published: September 2018

Background and Aims: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (SG) has massively increased in numbers over the last decade and is the most frequently performed bariatric procedure worldwide today. The aim of this review is to evaluate SG in terms of weight loss and resolution of comorbidities, based on data gained from the latest long-term studies available. Material and Methods: This review includes the results of any long-term studies on SG available at this point as well as a selection of short- and mid-term studies. Results: There are only a handful of studies on sleeve gastrectomy with long-term follow-up available at this point. Conversion rates in these long-term studies amount to up to one-third of their cohorts; however, excess weight loss in patients maintaining their sleeve is over 50%. Results on the resolution of comorbidities vary among the studies available today. Summary: Sleeve gastrectomy is a valid bariatric method but one has to be aware of its limitations.
Prediabetes and Diabetes Screening in Dental Care Settings: NHANES 2013 to 2016
Authors: Estrich C.G. , Araujo M.W.B. , Lipman R.D. 
Published: September 2018

Introduction: Early recognition of prediabetes may prevent progression to diabetes, yet not all adults are aware of their prediabetes risk. To reach all adults unaware of their risk, additional risk assessment strategies are warranted. Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential scope of benefit from prediabetes risk assessment in the dental care setting and to identify characteristics of dental patients likely to unknowingly have prediabetes or diabetes. Methods: Data from 10,472 adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2013 to 2014 and 2015 to 2016 were analyzed for associations among prediabetes/diabetes risk factors, health care use, and hemoglobin A1C levels according to chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression. Results: A total of 7.73% of US adults had seen a dentist but not a medical provider in the past 12 mo. The composition of this subpopulation was significantly different from that who saw a medical provider, in ways that might affect their diabetes risk. In addition, 31.27% of this subpopulation would be identified as being at high risk for prediabetes according to the CDC Prediabetes Screening Test (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), and 15.83% had hemoglobin A1C levels indicative of undiagnosed prediabetes or diabetes. Screening in a dental setting would have the highest odds of identifying someone unaware of his or her diabetes risk among those who were non-White, obese, or ≥45 y old. Conclusion: Extrapolation from this analysis indicates that screening for prediabetes at dental visits has the potential to alert an estimated 22.36 million adults of their risk for prediabetes or diabetes. Incorporating prediabetes or diabetes risk assessment into routine dental visits may enable 1) those with prediabetes to take action to decrease their risk of developing diabetes and 2) those with diabetes to engage in treatment to decrease their risk of diabetes-related complications. Knowledge Transfer Statement: Screening for prediabetes and diabetes during dental visits has the potential to raise patients’ awareness of diabetes risk and prevent prediabetes from progressing to diabetes. For some patients, the dental visit may be the only point of contact with the health care system, which heightens the importance of including diabetes risk assessment for patient well-being.
Cobalt hematoporphyrin inhibits CLEC-2–podoplanin interaction, tumor metastasis, and arterial/venous thrombosis in mice
Authors: Tsukiji Nagaharu , Osada Makoto , Sasaki Tomoyuki , Shirai Toshiaki , Satoh Kaneo , Inoue Osamu , Umetani Norihiko , Mochizuki Chihiro , Saito Tamio , Kojima Soichi , Shinmori Hideyuki , Ozaki Yukio , Suzuki-Inoue Katsue 
Published: September 2018

Key PointsCo-HP binds to CLEC-2 at N120 and K211, novel binding sites for podoplanin, and inhibits their interaction. Co-HP prevents hematogenous tumor metastasis and arterial/venous thrombosis in mice, without a significant increase in bleeding time.
Feasibility study of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for anxiety disorders in a Japanese setting
Authors: Sado Mitsuhiro , Park Sunre , Ninomiya Akira , Sato Yasuko , Fujisawa Daisuke , Shirahase Joichiro , Mimura Masaru 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Objective
Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) could be a treatment option for anxiety disorders. Although its effectiveness under conditions of low pharmacotherapy rates has been demonstrated, its effectiveness under condition of high pharmacotherapy rate is still unknown. The aim of the study was to evaluate effectiveness of MBCT under the context of high pharmacotherapy rates.

Results
A single arm with pre-post comparison design was adopted. Those who had any diagnosis of anxiety disorders, between the ages of 20 and 74, were included. Participants attended 8 weekly 2-hour-long sessions followed by 2 monthly boosters. Evaluation was conducted at baseline, in the middle, at end of the intervention, and at follow-up. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)-state was set as the primary outcome. Pre-post analyses with mixed-effect models repeated measures were conducted. Fourteen patients were involved. The mean age was 45.0, and 71.4% were female. The mean change in the STAI-state at every point showed statistically significant improvement. The STAI-trait also showed improvement at a high significance level from the very early stages. The participants showed significant improvement at least one point in some other secondary outcomes.
Trial registration Retrospectively registered at the University Hospital Medical Information Network on 1st August 2013 (ID: UMIN000011347)
Chlorhexidine-coated surgical gloves influence the bacterial flora of hands over a period of 3 hours
Authors: Suchomel Miranda , Brillmann Markus , Assadian Ojan , Ousey Karen J. , Presterl Elisabeth 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Background
The risk of SSI increases in the presence of foreign materials and may be caused by organisms with low pathogenicity, such as skin flora derived from hands of surgical team members in the event of a glove breach. Previously, we were able to demonstrate that a novel antimicrobial surgical glove coated chlorhexidine-digluconate as the active ingredient on its inner surface was able to suppress surgeons’ hand flora during operative procedures by a magnitude of 1.7 log10 cfu/mL. Because of the clinical design of that study, we were not able to measure the full magnitude of the possible antibacterial suppression effect of antimicrobial gloves over a full 3 h period.

Methods
The experimental procedure followed the method for assessment of the 3-h effects of a surgical hand rub’s efficacy to reduce the release of hand flora as described in the European Norm EN 12791. Healthy volunteers tested either an antimicrobial surgical glove or non-antimicrobial surgical latex gloves in a standardized laboratory-based experiment over a wear time of 3 h.

Results
Wearing antimicrobial surgical glove after a surgical hand rub with 60% (v/v) n-propanol resulted in the highest 3-h reduction factor of 2.67 log10. Non-antimicrobial surgical gloves demonstrated significantly lower (p ≤ 0.01) 3-h reduction factors at 1.96 log10 and 1.68 log10, respectively. Antibacterial surgical gloves are able to maintain a sustainable bacterial reduction on finger tips in a magnitude of almost 3 log10 (log10 2.67 cfu) over 3 h wear time.

Conclusion
It was demonstrated that wear of an antibacterial surgical glove coated with chlorhexidine-digluconate is able to suppress resident hand flora significantly over a period of 3-h.
A policy for the size of individual unemployment accounts
Authors: Castro Rubén , Weber Michael , Reyes Gonzalo 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Individual unemployment accounts (IUAs) attenuate the moral hazard attached to unemployment insurance. However, the available literature provides no policy recommendation about what percentage of the contributions should go to IUAs. We propose criteria of actuarial neutrality and use a simple job search model to argue that a sizable proportion of the contributions could go to IUAs without changing benefits and contribution rates, and therefore not negatively affecting well-being. We derive this result from a model, first, and then use simulations to show that it also holds in more realistic settings and different labor market dynamics.
Prognostic significance of cell cycle-associated proteins p16, pRB, cyclin D1 and p53 in resected oropharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Plath Michaela , Broglie Martina A. , Förbs Diana , Stoeckli Sandro J. , Jochum Wolfram 
Published: September 2018

Background Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) has an improved outcome and may allow for treatment de-escalation. High-risk HPV (HR-HPV) infection is associated with deregulated expression of the cell cycle-associated proteins p16INK4, pRB, cyclin D1 and p53. The objective of this study was to assess cell cycle proteins as potential surrogate markers for HR-HPV DNA testing to identify OPSCC with favorable prognosis after resection. Methods Tissue microarray cores of 313 surgically treated OPSCC were stained for p16INK4a, pRB, cyclin D1 and p53 using immunohistochemistry. Protein expression was scored as high or low based on the proportion of positive carcinoma cells. Tumor samples were analysed for HR-HPV DNA with polymerase chain reaction-based testing. Associations between cell cycle protein expression and HR-HPV DNA status were evaluated by calculating sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and diagnostic odds ratios (DOR). Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analysis were applied to evaluate associations between cell cycle protein expression and patient outcome. Results High expression of p16INK4a, cyclin D1, pRB and p53 in tumor cells were observed in 51.8%, 51.4%, 41.9% and 33.5% of OPSCC, respectively. HR-HPV DNA positive were 158/313 (50.5%) tumor samples (HPV16: 147, HPV18: 1, HPV33: 5, HPV35: 2, HPV56: 2, and HPV59: 1). P16INK4a showed a higher DOR to predict HR-HPV DNA positivity than pRB, cyclin D1 and p53. Both the p16INK4a/pRB and the p16INK4a/pRB/cyclin D1/p53 signatures had lower DOR than p16INK4a alone. Improved 5-year overall and disease-specific survival were associated with HR-HPV DNA positivity, high p16INK4a, low pRB, low cyclin D1, and low p53 expression. Associations with improved outcome were also observed for the marker combinations high p16INK4a/positive HR-HPV DNA, high p16INK4a/low pRB and high p16INK4a/low pRB/low cyclin D1/low p53. In a multivariate analysis adjusted for age, smoking history, pT and pN category, high p16INK4a expression showed the lowest hazard ratio for death. Conclusions High p16INK4a expression is a reliable marker for survival prognostication in surgically treated OPSCC patients. Protein signatures including the pRB, cyclin D1 and p53 proteins do not further increase the prognostic performance of p16INK4a as a single marker.
Optimizing production of a biopesticide protectant by black yeast
Authors: Saleh Hany , Abdelrazak Ahmed , Elsayed Ashraf , El-Shishtawy Hisham , Osman Yehia 
Published: September 2018

AbstractNatural protection of the Bacillus thuringiensis-based biopesticides from inactivation by the UV component of the cosmic rays constitutes a big challenge to environmentalists, health concerned groups, and industry. Melanin pigment produced by a variety of microbes has the capabilities of protecting these types of biopesticides. A black melanin produced by a locally isolated strain of the yeast Hortaea werneckii EGYNDA08 possesses the qualities of a sun protectant agent. This UV bio-protectant increased the killing potency of a locally isolated B. thuringiensis subsp. aegypti (Bt-C18)-based biopesticide ninefold upon feeding the first instar larvae of the cotton leaf worm, Spodoptera littrolis. This black melanin was extracted, characterized, and exposed to different optimization process for the purpose of enhancing its productivity. The optimization process employed medium engineering techniques to generate a suitable cheap production medium not only at bench-scale level but also at the bioreactor level. These optimization techniques have led to increase the melanin produced by the local isolate of Hortaea werneckii EGYNDA08 up to 228 mg/l compared to 8 mg/l prior to optimization. This study concluded that black yeast melanin could be used at a wide range as a potential green alternative for the conventional chemically based sunscreens that currently used to protect biopesticides from inactivation by the cosmic rays.
Longitudinal assessment of cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) up to six-months post-chemotherapy with multiple cognitive testing methods in 943 breast cancer (BC) patients and controls.
Authors: Janelsins Michelle Christine , Heckler Charles E. , Peppone Luke Joseph , Mohile Supriya Gupta , Mustian Karen Michelle , Ahles Tim , Palesh Oxana , O'Mara Ann M. , Minasian Lori M. , Williams AnnaLynn , Magnuson Allison , Schmidt Karen , Dakhil Shaker R. , Hopkins Judith O. , Morrow Gary R. 
Published: September 2018

10014 Background: Large nationwide studies are needed to assess CRCI. Methods: NCORPs recruited BC patients and age-matched non-cancer controls. Computerized ((CANTAB Delayed Match to Sample (DMS), Rapid Visual Processing (RVP), Verbal Recognition Memory (VRM)), paper-based ((Controlled Oral Word Association (COWA), and Trail Making Test (TMT)) , and phone-based (category fluency, word recall, backward counting and digits backward) cognitive assessments of memory, attention, and executive function at pre-chemotherapy, post-chemotherapy, and 6 months follow-up (or time-equivalent for controls) were completed. Longitudinal mixed model (LMM)s included group, time, time*group, and adjusted for age, education, reading, anxiety, and depression. Results: 580 BC patients (mean age = 54) and 363 controls (mean age = 53) were assessed. In all LMMs, there was a significant group*time interaction depicting lower scores in patients compared to controls (p < 0.005) except for TMT (p = 0.09). For longitudinal change on the DMS memory test (primary aim), we observed no significant difference between groups from pre- to post-chemotherapy but did observe a significant difference from pre-chemotherapy to follow-up (p = 0.017) where patients significantly declined (p = 0.005) and controls did not change. We observed similar results for RVP. For VRM, there was a significant pre- to post-chemotherapy group difference (p = 0.003). For COWA, patients significantly declined and controls significantly improved reflecting a significant between group difference (p < 0.001) from pre- to post-chemotherapy. For TMT, both groups significantly improved with patients improving less than controls reflected by a significant between group difference (p = 0.04) that remained a trend at follow-up (p = 0.06). On all phone tests, there was a significant between group effect from both pre- to post-chemotherapy and at follow-up with patients doing less well than controls (all p < 0.001). Conclusions: This nationwide study shows CRCI in BC patients persists in multiple cognitive domains up to 6 months post-chemotherapy compared to controls. Clinical trial information: NCT01382082.
Effect of exercise on novel biomarkers of muscle damage and cancer-related fatigue: A nationwide URCC NCORP RCT in 350 patients with cancer.
Authors: Mustian Karen Michelle , Peoples Anita Roselyn , Peppone Luke Joseph , Lin Po-Ju , Janelsins Michelle Christine , Kleckner Ian , Cole Calvin , Esparaz Benjamin , Miller Jessica , Giguere Jeffrey K. 
Published: September 2018

10020 Background: Chemotherapy may lead to systemic muscle damage. Up-regulation of developmental myosin light chain 5 (MYL5) and myosin heavy chain 8 (MYH8) genes is required for normal muscle regeneration in response to damage. However, secretion of MYL5 and MYH8 proteins into the serum suggest degradation of muscle, which, in turn, may lead to cancer-related-fatigue (CRF). In this study, we investigated (1) the effect of an exercise intervention, Exercise for Cancer Patients (EXCAP) on mRNA gene expression and serum protein levels of MYL5 and MYH8 and (2) the association of these novel biomarkers with CRF. Methods: Chemotherapy naïve cancer patients (N = 350; mean age = 55.7) from 39 community oncology practices throughout the U.S. affiliated with the URCC NCORP Research Base participated in this nationwide, multicenter, phase III RCT. Patients were randomized into 2 groups: (1) chemotherapy and (2) chemotherapy plus a 6-week aerobic and resistance exercise prescription-EXCAP. Gene expression and protein levels of MYL5 and MYH8, as well as CRF were assessed pre- and post-intervention from whole blood by qPCR, from serum by Luminex assays, and from patient-report by the Multidimensional Fatigue Symptom Inventory, respectively. Results: T-tests show MYL5, but not MYH8, mRNA levels were significantly up-regulated from pre- to post-intervention in exercisers and controls (all p < 0.01) with no significant group difference. Additionally, MYL5 and MYH8 serum protein levels significantly increased from pre to post in controls (all p < 0.05), but remained stable in exercisers. Significant group differences in these serum proteins (p < 0.01) suggest greater muscle degradation in non-exercisers. Pearson correlations revealed trends suggesting increases in MYL5 and MYH8 serum proteins are associated with increases in CRF (r = 0.09 and r = 0.11, respectively, all p < 0.10). Conclusions: Results suggest EXCAP exercise is protective from chemotherapy-induced muscle damage via its effects on MYL5 and MYH8, and changes in these novel biomarkers may mediate changes in CRF. Further research is needed to confirm these findings. NCI UGCA189961, R25 CA102618. Clinical trial information: NCT00924651.