bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Praças públicas na contemporaneidade: história, multidão e identidade
Authors: Nunes José Horta 
Published: August 2018

Este trabalho efetua uma análise de discursos de organização das praças públicas no espaço urbano. A praça é considerada como um objeto discursivo, como um espaço simbólico e de significação, constituído pela linguagem e pelas práticas sociais em determinadas conjunturas históricas. São analisadas algumas das condições de produção dos discursos das praças contemporâneas. Em seguida, são apresentadas análises de algumas formas de discursos de praças, que envolvem a produção de imaginários da história, da multidão, das parcerias entre público e privado e da constituição de identidades institucionais, empresariais e comunitárias. Finalmente, opera-se o conceito de tópica cívica para se compreender a relação entre os discursos analisados.
A semântica de frames como paradigma para os estudos multilíngues: o caso dos frames SELF_MOTION e CRIMINAL_PROCESS em inglês e português
Authors: Chishman Rove , Bertoldi Anderson 
Published: August 2018

Este artigo tem por finalidade discutir a forma como a descrição do significado lexical proposto pela Semântica de Frames pode beneficiar os estudos multilíngues, principalmente no que se refere ao estabelecimento de equivalentes em diferentes línguas. Para tal, apresentamos duas análises contrastivas: uma explorando as unidades lexicais do frame Self_motion e outra destacando o frame Criminal_process. No que se refere aos verbos de movimento, constatamos que a polissemia do verbo to walk na língua-fonte pode ser constatada por meio da diversidade de equivalentes na língua portuguesa: caminhar, andar e passear. Pudemos também fazer uma aproximação entre a proposta de Talmy (1985) e o arcabouço da FrameNet, ao constatar que, no Português, os verbos que incorporam maneira de movimento na raiz do verbo são em número bem inferior ao que se constata no Inglês. No caso das unidades lexicais relacionadas ao domínio jurídico, as diferenças entre as realidades culturais geram diferentes graus de equivalência. As unidades lexicais to charge, em Inglês, e acusar, em Português, podem ser considerados equivalentes. No entanto, o conhecimento jurídico expresso por ambas as unidades lexicais é diferente. O evento jurídico representado pela unidade to charge no sistema jurídico americano não corresponde plenamente ao evento jurídico representado pela unidade acusar. Já no caso da unidade lexical arraignment, o evento jurídico expresso pela unidade lexical é tão típico do sistema jurídico norte-americano que não possui equivalente em Português. A Semântica de Frames ajuda a contrastar as diferentes realidades culturais que são evocadas pelas unidades lexicais em diferentes línguas.
Kiskamaszok olvasási attitűdjének nemek közötti különbségei – a szülői olvasói magatartás mint lehetséges magyarázó tényező
Authors: F. Joó Anikó 
Published: August 2018

A tanulmány a kiskamaszok olvasási attitűdjének nemek közti különbségeire irányuló kutatás eredményeit mutatja be, és azt vizsgálja, hogy a szülői olvasási magatartás lehet-e a jelenség magyarázó tényezője. Az alkalmazott elméleti megközelítés az attitűd tri-komponensű modelljein alapul, az empirikus adatfelvétel az olvasási preferenciákra, szokásokra, attitűdökre irányul. A mérésben 1601 fős tanulói minta jelenik meg, kiegészítve a szülői válaszokkal, részben adaptált, részben saját fejlesztésű kérdőívekkel. Az elemzés módszere a varianciaanalízis (ANOVA), ahol független változónak tekinthetők az olvasás tárgyiasult dimenziói, tárgya, célja és gyakorisága. Az előzetes feltételezést alátámasztó eredmény az, hogy a lányok olvasási attitűdje általában kedvezőbb, és ezt jobban befolyásolja a szülők olvasási magatartása. A fiúk esetében a szülői olvasói magatartás hatása gyengébb, viszont az apa által közvetített minta meghatározóbb. Mindezek mellett a tanulmány további lehetőségeket vet fel a kutatás folytatására.
Adapting the CROPGRO Model to Simulate Alfalfa Growth and Yield
Authors: Malik Wafa , Boote Kenneth J. , Hoogenboom Gerrit , Cavero José , Dechmi Farida 
Published: August 2018

Alfalfa is the main forage legume in crop livestock systems worldwide.
There is still a scarcity of perennial crop models for alfalfa simulation.
Regrowth and herbage yield depend on reserves, seasonal temperature and daylength.
A systematic procedure was followed to develop species and cultivar parameters.
CROPGRO‐PFM‐alfalfa is available in the latest DSSAT model version (4.7).
Despite alfalfa’s global importance, there is a dearth of crop simulation models available for predicting alfalfa growth and yield with its associated composition. The objectives of this research were to adapt the CSM‐CROPGRO Perennial Forage Model for simulating alfalfa growth and yield and to describe model adaptation for this species. Data from six experimental plots grown under sprinkler irrigation in the Ebro valley (Northeast Spain) were used for model adaptation. Starting with parameters for Bracharia brizantha, the model adaptation was based on values and relationships reported from the literature for cardinal temperatures and dry matter partitioning. A Bayesian optimizer was used to optimize temperature effects on photosynthesis and daylength effects on partitioning and an inverse modeling technique was employed for nitrogen fixation rate and nodule growth. The calibration of alfalfa tissue composition was initiated from soybean composition analogy but was improved with values from alfalfa literature. There was considerable iteration in optimizing parameters for the processes outlined above where comparisons were made to measured data. After adaptation, the Root Mean Square Error and d‐statistic of harvested herbage averaged across 58 harvests (yield range: 990–4617 kg ha−1) were 760 kg ha−1 and 0.75, respectively. In addition, good agreement was observed for Leaf Area Index (LAI) (LAI range: 0.1–6.7) with d‐statistic of 0.71. Simulated belowground mass was within the range of literature values. The results of this study showed that CROPGRO‐PFM‐Alfalfa can be used to simulate alfalfa growth and development. Further testing with more extensive datasets is needed to improve model robustness.
Cover Crops have Negligible Impact on Soil Water in Nebraska Maize–Soybean Rotation
Authors: Barker J. Burdette , Heeren Derek M. , Koehler‐Cole Katja , Shapiro Charles A. , Blanco‐Canqui Humberto , Elmore Roger W. , Proctor Christopher A. , Irmak Suat , Francis Charles A. , Shaver Tim M. , Mohammed Ali T. 
Published: August 2018

Core Ideas
The effect of cover crops on soil water storage for primary crops was evaluated.
Field research was performed at sub‐humid and semi‐arid locations across Nebraska.
Results indicate negligible impact of cover crops on soil water storage.
Cover crop biomass was practically zero in west‐central Nebraska.
One perceived cost of integrating winter cover cropping in maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation systems is the potential negative impact on soil water storage available for primary crop production. The objective of this 3‐yr study was to evaluate the effects of winter cover crops on soil water storage and cover crop biomass production following no‐till maize and soybean rotations. Locations were near Brule (west‐central), Clay Center (south‐central), Concord (northeast), and Mead (east‐central), NE. Treatments included crop residue only (no cover crop) and a multi‐species cover crop mix, both broadcast‐seeded before primary crop harvest and drilled following harvest. Pre‐harvest broadcast‐seeded cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) was also included in the last year of the study because rye was observed to be the dominant component of the mix in spring biomass samples. Soil water content was monitored using neutron probe or gravimetric techniques. Mean aboveground cover crop biomass ranged from practically 0 to ∼3,200 kg ha−1 across locations and cover crop treatments. Differences in the change in soil water storage between autumn and spring among treatments occurred in 4 of 20 location–rotation phase–years for the top 0.3 m of soil and 3 of 20 location–rotation phase–years for the 1.2‐m soil profile. However, these differences were small (<11 mm for the top 0.3 m and <26 mm for the 1.2‐m profile). In conclusion, winter cover crops did not have an effect on soil water content that would impact maize and soybean crop production.
Fertilizer Recommendations for Switchgrass: Quantifying Economic Effects on Quality and Yield
Authors: Popp M. P. , Ashworth A. J. , Moore P. A. , Owens P. R. , Douglas J. L. , Pote D. H. , Jacobs A. A. , Lindsay K. R. , Dixon B. L. 
Published: August 2018

Fertilizer recommendations for switchgrass depend on its price and fertilizer cost.
Different fertilizer rates affect yield and hay quality for first and second cuts.
Substituting poultry litter for fertilizer affects breakeven, yield, and quality.
Switchgrass hay can compete with traditional hay in cattle rations.
Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a native, perennial warm‐season grass suited for biomass production for renewable fuels and also fodder on marginal soils. To develop fertilizer recommendations, yield responses to and nutrient removal in harvest biomass associated with five levels of macronutrients of N, P, and K on Leadvale silt loam (fine‐silty, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Typic Fragiudults) with a fragipan at 14 to 97 cm at a mid‐southern US location were examined. Feed quality was assessed using crude protein (CP) and total digestible nutrient (TDN) concentration to assess feasibility in beef cow (Bos taurus) rations. Nitrogen affected economic performance to a larger extent than P and K. Profit‐maximizing K use rivaled that of N use, whereas P use was low and thereby limited sustainable poultry litter application. Hay ranged between 7 and 9% CP and 51% ± 0.5% TDN in response to harvest time and nutrient application rate. Cattle producers would find such hay suitable for maintaining dry cows without need for supplemental feed. Profitability of hay production and fertilizer recommendations varied largely with changes in switchgrass price and fertilizer cost. As such, a supplemental spreadsheet tool was developed for research outreach purposes to provide output price‐ and input cost‐specific fertilizer recommendations for switchgrass hay with attendant quality impacts. Overall, breakeven prices were lower using inexpensive litter in comparison with synthetic fertilizers and ranged from approximately US$40 to US$60 Mg−1 in this study. Therefore, switchgrass hay compared favorably in cost to traditional hay averaging US$126 Mg−1 over the study period.
Sprinkler Irrigation Frequency Affects Maize Yield Depending on Irrigation Time
Authors: Cavero José , Medina Eva T. , Montoya Francisco 
Published: August 2018

Core Ideas
Plant Na+ content doubled with daytime sprinkler irrigation.
Plant Na+ content increased by 30% with high irrigation frequency.
Irrigation frequency was not relevant for nighttime sprinkler irrigation of maize.
High irrigation frequency during daytime reduced maize yield and water use efficiency.
Sprinkler irrigation with solid‐set systems easily allows changing irrigation frequency. We studied, under field conditions and during 3 yr, the effects of irrigation frequency (two events per week or daily) and daytime vs. nighttime irrigation on microclimatic changes, soil matric potential, growth, yield, and water use of maize (Zea mays L.). Microclimatic changes (decrease of air temperature and vapor pressure deficit, and of canopy temperature) were slightly larger and lasted for more time after the irrigation event with low frequency irrigation. Increasing irrigation frequency during daytime resulted in a lower soil matric potential. Irrigating at nighttime resulted in higher maize height (+3%) and yield (+10%) than irrigating at daytime. The high irrigation frequency decreased maize height (−7%) and yield (−5%) compared with the low irrigation frequency when irrigation was performed at daytime but not at nighttime. The Na+ content of the plant was doubled with daytime sprinkler irrigation compared with nighttime irrigation, and was increased by 30% when the irrigation frequency was increased. Water use efficiency (WUE) was not affected by irrigation frequency when irrigating at nighttime, but it decreased with the increase of irrigation frequency when irrigation was applied during daytime. Sprinkler irrigation with solid‐set must be applied at night to obtain the maximum maize yield and WUE. Irrigation frequency is not relevant for sprinkler irrigation of maize applied at night, but high irrigation frequency should be avoided when maize is sprinkler irrigated during daytime to avoid yield and WUE decreases.
Mechanisms of Phosphorus Removal by Phosphorus Sorbing Materials
Authors: Qin Zhixuan , Shober Amy L. , Scheckel Kirk G. , Penn Chad J. , Turner Kathryn C. 
Published: August 2018

Stormwater filters are a structural best management practice designed to reduce dissolved P losses from runoff. Various industrial byproducts are suitable for use as P sorbing materials (PSMs) for the treatment of drainage water; P sorption by PSMs varies with material physical and chemical properties. Previously, P removal capacity by PSMs was estimated using chemical extractions. We determined the speciation of P when reacted with various PSMs using X‐ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. Twelve PSMs were reacted with P solution in the laboratory under batch or flow‐through conditions. In addition, three slag materials were collected from working stormwater filtration structures. Phosphorus K‐edge XANES spectra were collected on each reacted PSM and compared with spectra of 22 known P standards using linear combination fitting in Athena. We found evidence of formation of a variety of Ca‐, Al‐, and/or Fe‐phosphate minerals and sorbed phases on the reacted PSMs, with the exact speciation influenced by the chemical properties of the original unreacted PSMs. We grouped PSMs into three general categories based on the dominant P removal mechanism: (i) Fe‐ and Al‐mediated removal [i.e., adsorption of P to Fe‐ or Al‐(hydro‐)oxide minerals and/or precipitation of Fe‐ or Al‐phosphate minerals]; (ii) Ca‐mediated removal (i.e., precipitation of Ca‐phosphate mineral); and (iii) both mechanisms. We recommend the use of Fe/Al sorbing PSMs for use in stormwater filtration structures where stormwater retention time is limited because reaction of P with Fe or Al generally occurs more quickly than Ca‐P precipitation.Core Ideas
P speciation of PSMs was determined using XANES for stormwater filtration media.
PSMs remove P via Al/Fe sorption, Ca sorption, or both mechanisms.
P speciation facilitates the selection of PSMs for stormwater filtration structures.
P speciation is valuable in evaluating potential disposal alternatives of spent PSMs.
The Rise of Misinformation in the Digital Age: Moroccan Students' Attitudes and Perceptions of Fake News Online
Authors: Mrah Isam , Tizaoui Hicham 
Published: August 2018

<em>As today’s students spend substantial time online, there is an increasing tendency to utilize the Internet as their primary source of information. With the proliferation of user-generated content platforms and the shrinking influence of traditional gatekeeping, there is a growing abundance of misinformation available to the public that coexists alongside accurate information. In this paper, we explored the attitudes and perceptions of teenage students towards misinformation online. To this end, a web-based survey was administered to both Moroccan high school teachers and students to collect and analyze their responses regarding the issue being debated. Additionally, the present study investigated the extent to which EFL textbooks in Morocco enable learners to build skills necessary for identifying fake news. The study adopted content analysis as the primary research method for data analysis and interpretation. The results obtained are in line with the hypothesis guiding this research that a fair majority of teenage students are vulnerable to misinformation online due in large to the overwhelming information overload available at the touch of a button along with their lack of exposure to effective strategies for processing information online. Based on the findings obtained, schools are required to develop appropriate approaches to teach digital literacy skills, particularly in empowering young learners to distinguish credible sources from unreliable ones. Equally important, teachers are called upon to help students keep up with the new, fast-moving knowledge economy, which is driven by information and technology.</em>
Comparing outcomes between barbed and conventional sutures in patients undergoing knee or hip arthroplasty
Authors: Sutton Nadia , Schmitz Niels-Derrek , Johnston Stephen S 
Published: August 2018

Aim:
To compare outcomes between barbed sutures and conventional sutures among patients undergoing knee or hip arthroplasty.
Materials & methods:
Retrospective study of patients (aged ≥18 years) undergoing elective knee/hip arthroplasty for osteoarthritis between 1 January 2013 and 1 September 2015. Patients were classified as: any Stratafix™ Knotless Tissue Control Devices (barbed suture group) used for closure vs. conventional sutures only (conventional suture group).
Results:
Compared with the conventional suture group, the barbed suture group had statistically significant: shorter length of stay, knee = 0.2 d; hip = 0.3 d and operating room time, knee = 7 min; hip = 22 min and lower rate of discharge to skilled nursing facility/nonhome setting (knee = 3.0%; hip = 6.8%).
Conclusion:
Use of barbed sutures was associated with shorter length of stay, operating room time and less resource intensive discharge status as compared with conventional sutures alone.
EFEITOS DA PRESSÃO POSITIVA NAS VIAS AÉREAS NO ANTES, DURANTE E DEPOIS DA CIRURGIA BARIÁTRICA: ESTUDO RANDOMIZADO E CEGO
Authors: Baltieri Letícia , Santos Laisa Antonela , Peixoto-Souza Fabiana Sobral , Rasera Junior Irineu , Montebelo Maria Imaculada Lima , Pazzianotto-Forti Eli Maria 
Published: August 2018

A obesidade é, por si, um fator de risco independente para o surgimento de complicações respiratórias pós-operatórias. O objetivo do estudo foi investigar os efeitos da aplicação de pressão positiva antes, durante e depois do procedimento cirúrgico − em obesos submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica, sobre os volumes e capacidades pulmonares e a mobilidade toracoabdominal. Foram estudados 40 indivíduos com índice de massa corporal entre 40 e 55 kg/m2 e idade entre 25 e 55 anos, submetidos a avaliação pré e pós-operatória e alocados nos grupos: Gpré: tratamento com pressão positiva nas vias aéreas antes da cirurgia; Gpós: pressão positiva nas vias aéreas após a cirurgia; Gintra: pressão positiva nas vias aéreas durante a cirurgia; Gcontrole: fisioterapia convencional conforme rotina hospitalar. Foram avaliadas cirtometria toracoabdominal em três níveis e ventilometria: frequência respiratória, volume corrente, volume minuto e capacidade vital. Os resultados indicaram que, na análise intragrupo, houve aumento significativo da frequência respiratória e queda da capacidade vital para todos os grupos no pós-operatório. O volume corrente apresentou queda significativa somente no Gintra. Não houve diferença significativa nos três níveis de mobilidade toracoabdominal no Gpré. Concluiu-se que a utilização da pressão positiva no pós-operatório de cirurgia bariátrica não promove a manutenção da frequência respiratória e capacidade vital nos seus valores pré-operatórios. Entretanto, quando utilizada no pré-operatório, contribuiu para a manutenção do volume minuto, do volume corrente e da mobilidade toracoabdominal nos três níveis.
Palavras-chave: Cirurgia bariátrica. Obesidade mórbida. Pressão positiva nas vias aéreas. Modalidades de fisioterapia.
ATENDIMENTO DAS NECESSIDADES EM SAÚDE DAS TRAVESTIS NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA
Authors: Amorim Juliana de Freitas , Teixeira Éneas Rangel 
Published: August 2018

A identidade trans está relacionada ao reconhecimento da identidade de gênero oposta ao sexo biológico. Essa característica faz com que essa população sofra diversos preconceitos e se torne vulnerável. Em nível programático, esse processo, quando ocorre nas unidades de saúde, faz com que as necessidades em saúde das travestis não sejam reconhecidas pelos profissionais da Atenção Primária. O presente trabalho tem como objeto de estudo as necessidades em saúde das travestis e objetivou discutir o atendimento das suas necessidades nos serviços de saúde da Atenção Primária. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa do tipo descritiva. A coleta de dados ocorreu nos meses de abril e maio de 2013, quando foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com cinco travestis. A análise da entrevista foi realizada por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo. Diante das falas das participantes emergiram três categorias temáticas: o conceito de saúde para travestis, a construção do corpo das travestis e o atendimento das travestis nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde. Foram identificadas como necessidades em saúde específicas: o acolhimento no serviço de saúde com a utilização do nome social da travesti, de modo a evitar a discriminação e constrangimentos na sala de espera; atendimento especializado por profissionais de saúde capacitados; proteção contra a violência desencadeada, principalmente em função da discriminação; orientações quanto à utilização de hormônios femininos; oferta de testes rápidos em toda Atenção Básica para diagnóstico de HIV, Hepatite B/C e Sífilis.
Palavras-chave: Travestismo. Identidade de gênero. Necessidades e demandas de serviço de saúde. Atenção primária à saúde.
ESTRATÉGIAS PARA A POPULARIZAÇÃO DOS CONHECIMENTOS SOBRE A DOENÇA FALCIFORME
Authors: Monteiro Adriano de Souza Santos , Souza Sandra de Oliveira , Ornellas Joaquim Lemos , Britto Ane Graziele da Silva , Couto Ricardo David , Couto Fábio David , Guimarães Santos Célia de Souza Ladislau 
Published: August 2018

Frente a lacuna formativa dos profissionais da atenção básica e da educação para o manejo e acompanhamento adequados das pessoas que vivem com a Doença Falciforme, considerada a doença genética de maior prevalência no Brasil, este trabalho teve como objetivo capacitar profissionais das áreas da saúde e da educação em nove municípios da região do Recôncavo do estado da Bahia, entre 2014 e 2015. As capacitações ocorreram com equipe multidisciplinar, envolvendo enfermeiros, médicos, dentistas, discentes e docentes da Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, membros da Secretaria de Saúde do Estado da Bahia, Secretarias Municipais de Saúde, Núcleo Regional de Saúde Leste e apoio financeiro da Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia. Os resultados indicaram a participação de 702 profissionais no programa: 29 (4,1%) médicos, 101 (14,4%) enfermeiros, 43 (6,1%) dentistas, 69 (9,8%) outros profissionais graduados (psicólogos, fisioterapeutas, nutricionistas, professores) e 460 (65,5%) agentes comunitários de saúde e técnicos. No curso de manejo clínico compareceram 80 (46%) enfermeiros, 56 (32,2%) médicos e 38 (21.8%) dentistas, totalizando 174 participantes. Concluiu-se que, mediante o número expressivo de participantes das diferentes áreas do conhecimento que atuam na atenção básica e nas escolas da região, o tema possuiu extrema relevância para os profissionais, apesar da pouca visibilidade demonstrada pelas políticas de saúde pública e de educação. Não obstante, a estratégia utilizada mostrou-se eficiente e contribuiu de forma eficaz para a capacitação dos profissionais.
Palavras-chave: Doença falciforme. Educação continuada. Capacitação profissional.