bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metacognition, perseverative thinking, and pain catastrophizing: A moderated‐mediation analysis
Authors: Schütze Robert , Rees Clare , Smith Anne , Slater Helen , O’Sullivan Peter 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundPain catastrophizing is linked to a range of negative health and treatment outcomes, although debate continues about how best to define and treat it, since most interventions produce only modest benefit. This study aimed to contribute to theory‐driven development of these treatments by exploring the role of perseverative thinking in pain catastrophizing, along with the higher order beliefs, called metacognitions that might shape it.MethodsAn Internet sample of 510 people with chronic pain (≥3 months), who mostly (54.9%) had clinical levels of catastrophizing, completed self‐report measures of pain intensity, disability, perseverative thinking, pain catastrophizing, depression, anxiety, and pain metacognition. Regression‐based moderated mediation analysis tested the conditional indirect effect of pain intensity on pain catastrophizing via perseverative thinking at varying levels of unhelpful pain metacognition.ResultsPerseverative thinking partially mediated the effect of pain intensity on pain catastrophizing, accounting for 20% of the total effect. This indirect effect was conditional on both positive and negative metacognition. Higher levels of both forms of unhelpful metacognition strengthened the indirect effect, which was not significant below the 50th percentile for positive metacognitions or below the 60th percentile for negative metacognitions.ConclusionsStrongly believing that thinking about pain helps you solve problems or cope with pain (positive metacognition), or that it is harmful and uncontrollable (negative metacognition), can increase the amount you worry or ruminate as pain increases. This is associated with increased pain catastrophizing. Identifying and modifying these unhelpful pain metacognitions may improve treatments for pain catastrophizing and thereby chronic pain generally.SignificanceThis study shows that perseverative thinking (worry and rumination) mediates the relationship between pain intensity and catastrophizing. Consistent with metacognitive theory, this association is also moderated by unhelpful beliefs about worry and rumination. Pain metacognitions could become new therapeutic targets to help improve psychological treatments for pain‐related distress, which are currently only modestly effective.
Predictors of functional outcome in musculoskeletal healthcare: An umbrella review
Authors: Burgess Roanna , Mansell Gemma , Bishop Annette , Lewis Martyn , Hill Jonathan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundMultiple cohort and systematic review studies exist, reporting independent predictive factors associated with outcome in musculoskeletal populations. These studies have found evidence for a number of “generic” factors that have been shown to predict outcome across musculoskeletal patient cohorts. This review provides a higher level review of the evidence with a focus on generic patient factors associated with functional musculoskeletal outcome with a view to informing predictive modelling.Objectives(a) Identify patient factors found to have evidence to support their association with functional outcome, and (b) review these findings across body areas/conditions to identify generic predictive factors.Databases and Data TreatmentElectronic databases of MEDLINE, AMED, EMBASE, CINAHL and Cochrane were searched for eligible studies. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed quality using an established checklist for umbrella reviews.ResultsTwenty‐one systematic reviews met inclusion criteria, all were of moderate/high quality. Six independent predictors were found to have strong evidence of association with worse musculoskeletal functional outcome across anatomical body sites (worse baseline function, higher symptom/pain severity, worse mental well‐being, more comorbidities, older age and higher body mass index). Longer duration of symptoms, worse pain coping, presence of workers compensation, lower vitality and lower education were also found to have moderate evidence of association with worse functional outcome across body sites.ConclusionsThis study identifies a number of factors associated with musculoskeletal functional outcome. The generic predictive factors identified should be considered for inclusion into musculoskeletal prognostic models, including models used for case‐mix‐adjustment of patient reported outcome measure data.SignificanceThis article identifies “generic” patient factors that predict functional outcome (measured using Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs)) across musculoskeletal conditions. Findings provide support for the development and content of generic musculoskeletal prognostic models including models used to case‐mix adjust PROM data for baseline complexity. Generic musculoskeletal models and functional PROMs would facilitate more feasible comparison and benchmarking of musculoskeletal services in order to identify variation and address health inequalities.
Mass loss evolution of bituminous fractions at different heating rates and constituent conformation of emitted volatiles
Authors: Xia Wenjing , Xu Tao , Wang Siwen , Wang Hao 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBitumen is frequently used as energy source. To further understand bituminous combustion and emitted volatiles during its energy generation and conversion at the fraction level including saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes (SARA), an elemental analyzer, thermogravimetry coupled with mass spectrometer and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (TG‐MS‐FTIR) were utilized to monitor the mass loss evolution, and confirm molecular structures of emitted volatiles, and track the whereabouts of main elements during each SARA fraction combustion. Results indicate that TG, DTG, and Gram‐Schmidt (G‐S) curves show two‐stage characteristics, while the total ion chromatogram (TIC) curves present one‐stage characteristic during each SARA fraction combustion. Also, as the heating rate is raised, TG, DTG, TIC, and G‐S curves are shifted to higher temperature and the total emitted volatile amount is increased from saturates to asphaltenes. Molecular weights of main volatiles are distributed in the range of 12‐64. The elemental species of volatiles are consistent with those of SARA fractions. Finally, the typical volatiles of saturates and aromatics are similar, and the release amount of CO and CO2 at stage II is larger than those at stage I. SO2 is released during the combustion of resins. SO2 and NO2 are identified in volatiles of asphaltenes.
Numerical simulation of the fire behaviour of facade equipped with aluminium composite material‐based claddings‐Model validation at large scale
Authors: Dréan Virginie , Girardin Bertrand , Guillaume Eric , Fateh Talal 
Published: September 2019

SummaryThe recent fire events in buildings involving combustible cladding systems have raised concerns regarding the risk that these systems can pose. Understanding such facade fires is complex as they involve a combination of various products and system. Facade fire propagation tests at ISO 13785‐1 intermediate scale were performed on different combinations of aluminium composite material (ACM) claddings and insulants. Simulations were addressed to reproduce these tests and were validated in terms of thermal conditions in the system. This allowed additional investigation and understanding of fire propagation on the facade and more accurate determination of the fire behaviour of the overall system. In this paper, the scaling influence on the fire behaviour of ACM clad systems is investigated with simulations performed to reproduce fire tests at the BS8414‐1 larger scale on three different combinations of ACM and insulants. The contributions of the cladding and insulant were numerically investigated. The fire behaviour of each component and of the overall system is validated by comparison with experiments. Simulations and tests show that the ACM cladding is the most important element driving the global fire behaviour of the systems. In particular, ACM‐PE‐based cladding systems, whatever the insulant, show extensive fire propagation while its degradation affects the integrity of the cavity.
Reconsidering CCS in the US fossil‐fuel fired electricity industry under section 45Q tax credits
Authors: Esposito Richard A. , Kuuskraa Vello A. , Rossman Charles G. , Corser Michele M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCO2 capture and storage (CCS) can be an important feature of a decarbonization strategy involving electricity generation. According to the recently revised Section 45Q tax credits, said credits will be provided for implementing CCS, which is motivating some United States (US) electricity generation companies to revisit their business strategies for CCS. This paper discusses alternative business models being considered by companies for undertaking CCS, including providing a ‘template’ for evaluating the cost‐effectiveness of CCS with Section 45Q tax credits and storage in saline reservoirs. Using stylized illustrative examples, the paper indicates how use of Section 45Q tax credits should be expected to change dispatch at an electricity generating unit. For situations similar to the examples, the paper suggests that Section 45Q tax credits may need to be modified to achieve its intended impact. Modifications can include extending the time period of tax credit availability beyond the current 12 years. In addition, continued R&D investments in CCS and specific support for first‐of‐a‐kind CCS demonstrations would be valuable complements for the deployment of the Section 45Q tax credit. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is changing the minimum legal drinking age an effective policy tool?
Authors: Brachowicz Nicolai , Vall Castello Judit 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn year 1991, regional governments in Spain started a period of implementation of a law that rose the minimum legal drinking age from 16 to 18 years old. To evaluate the effects of this change on the consumption of legal drugs and its related morbidity outcomes, we construct a regional panel dataset on alcohol consumption and hospital entry registers and compare variation in several measures of prevalence between the treatment group (16–18 years old) and the control group (20–22 years old). Our findings show important differences by gender.Our main result regarding overall drinking prevalence shows a reduction of −21.37% for the subsample that includes males and females altogether. This effect on drinking is mainly driven by a reduction of −44.43% in mixed drinks and/or liquors drinking prevalence corresponding to the subsample of males. No causal effects regarding overall smoking prevalence and hospitalizations due to alcohol overdose or motor vehicle traffic accidents were found.To our knowledge, this is the first paper providing evidence on gender‐based differences to policies aimed at reducing alcohol consumption. Our results have important policy implications for countries currently considering changes in the minimum legal drinking age.
Musculoskeletal disorders, psychological distress, and work error of supermarket cashiers
Authors: Deng Mingming , Wu Feng , Luan Fei 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundHuman physiological and psychological states may influence work performance. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationships among the musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), psychological distress, and work error of supermarket cashiers. There were 443 Chinese supermarket cashiers surveyed in this study. Among these cashiers, 431 valid samples were obtained. The study surveyed the MSDs, psychological distress of supermarket cashiers with MSDs Likert scale and Symptom Checklist‐90 (SCL‐90) scale, respectively. The data of work error of each cashier was provided by the supermarkets managers. The increasing working years of Chinese supermarket cashiers were connected with increased MSDs. Significant differences were observed in MSDs and work error of cashiers from different supermarkets (different in checkout design). The physiological health and psychological distress of supermarket cashiers are important to work performance and require serious attention. Good checkout counter design with flat conveyor is helpful to reduce cashiers’ MSDs and work error.
Hippocampal damage attenuates habituation to videos in monkeys
Authors: Brady Ryan J. , Basile Benjamin M. , Hampton Robert R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMonkeys with selective damage to the hippocampus are often unimpaired in matching‐to‐sample tests but are reportedly impaired in visual paired comparison. While both tests assess recognition of previously seen images, delayed matching‐to‐sample may engage active memory maintenance whereas visual paired comparison may not. Passive memory tests that are not rewarded with food and that do not require extensive training may provide more sensitive measures of hippocampal function. To test this hypothesis, we assessed memory in monkeys with hippocampal damage and matched controls by providing them the opportunity to repeatedly view small sets of videos. Monkeys pressed a button to play each video. The same 10 videos were used for six consecutive days, after which 10 new videos were introduced in each of seven cycles of testing. Our measure of memory was the extent to which monkeys habituated with repeated presentations, watching fewer videos per session over time. Monkeys with hippocampal lesions habituated more slowly than did control monkeys, indicating poorer memory for previous viewings. Both groups dishabituated each time new videos were introduced. These results, like those from preferential viewing, suggest that the hippocampus may be especially important for memory of incidentally encoded events.
Place navigation in the Morris water task results in greater nuclear Arc mRNA expression in dorsal compared to ventral CA1
Authors: Lee J. Quinn , Demchuk Aubrey M. , Morgan Erik , McHugh Rebecca , McNaughton Bruce L. , Sutherland Robert J. , McDonald Robert J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPrevious work has shown that the dorsal hippocampus has greater activity than ventral regions during place navigation. Exposure to a novel context has also been found to increase hippocampal activation, possibly due to increased spatial demands. However, activation patterns in dorsal and ventral regions have not been investigated in the Morris water task (MWT), which remains the most popular assay of place memory in rodents. We measured activity in a large population of neurons across the CA1 dorsal–ventral axis by estimating nuclear Arc mRNA with stereologic systematic‐random sampling procedures following changes to goal location or spatial context in the MWT in rats. Following changes to goal location or spatial context in the MWT, we did not find an effect on Arc mRNA expression in CA1. However, Arc expression was greater in the dorsal compared to the ventral aspect of CA1 during task performance. Several views might account for these observed differences in dorsal–ventral Arc mRNA expression, including task parameters or the granularity of representation that differs along the dorsal–ventral hippocampal axis. Future work should determine the effects of task differences and required memory precision in relation to dorsal–ventral hippocampal neuronal activity.
Synthesis of Organometallic Compounds in Flow
Authors: Zhao Tuan , Micouin Laurent , Piccardi Riccardo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMicroreactor technology has proved to be an important technique in organic synthesis, especially when organometallic compounds are used, because it allows running rapid reactions with reactive and instable intermediates. This review will highlight the preparation of main‐group organometallic compounds deriving from Lithium, Magnesium, Zinc and Aluminum and their applications in flow conditions.
Associations between prenatal substance exposure, prenatal violence victimization, unintended pregnancy, and trauma exposure in childhood in a clinical setting
Authors: Cohodes Emily M. , Gee Dylan G. , Lieberman Alicia F. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTGiven the importance of early prevention and intervention strategies for children exposed to trauma, detection of early risk factors for exposure to traumatic events in childhood is critical. The present study examined associations between three known prenatal risk factors that characterize environmental instability in utero—prenatal substance exposure, prenatal violence victimization, and unintended pregnancy—and child exposure to interparental violence and other adverse experiences in a sample of 198 mother–child dyads (M child age = 44.48 months) referred to a hospital clinic for treatment following exposure to trauma. Prenatal substance and violence exposure were associated with child trauma exposure, and prenatal violence victimization was also associated with maternal severity ratings of traumatic exposures. Unintended pregnancy was not associated with child trauma exposure or severity. These findings expand our understanding of prenatal risk factors for trauma exposure in childhood and, specifically, highlight prenatal substance exposure and violence victimization as risk factors for subsequent exposure to trauma in early childhood. Results suggest that prenatal prevention and intervention programs should target reducing maternal substance use and in‐utero exposure to violence.
Effect of consecutive rare codons on the recombinant production of human proteins in Escherichia coli
Authors: Correddu Danilo , Montaño López José de Jesús , Angermayr S. Andreas , Middleditch Martin J. , Payne Leo S. , Leung Ivanhoe K. H. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn Escherichia coli, the expression of heterologous genes for the production of recombinant proteins can be challenging due to the codon bias of different organisms. The rare codons AGG and AGA are among the rarest in E. coli. In this work, by using the human gene RioK2 as case study, we found that the presence of consecutive AGG‐AGA led to a premature stop, which may be caused by an event of −1 frameshift. We found that translational problems caused by consecutive AGG‐AGA are sequence dependent, in particular, in sequences that contain multiple rare AGG or AGA codons elsewhere. Translational problems can be alleviated by different strategies, including codon harmonization, codon optimization, or by substituting the consecutive AGG‐AGA codons by more frequent arginine codons. Overall, our results furthered our understanding about the relationship between consecutive rare codons and translational problems. Such information will aid the design of DNA sequence for the production of recombinant proteins.
The role of neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio, and mean platelet volume in detecting patients with acute venous thromboembolism
Authors: Farah Raymond , Nseir William , Kagansky Dana , Khamisy‐farah Rola 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundAcute venous thromboembolism (VTE) refers to deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of the extremities or pulmonary embolism (PE), or to both. Reliable imaging is not always available making a serologic diagnosis, or biomarker, highly desirable.ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the role of neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and mean platelet volume (MPV) in detection patients with acute VTE.MethodsA total of 327 patients with initial diagnosis of acute VTE who were admitted to Ziv hospital were evaluated. Of them, 272 patients with definitive diagnosis of VTE, and 55 patients without VTE were used as control group. Complete blood count (CBC), measurements of NLR, MPV, and PLR were determined at admission.ResultsPatients with VTE were older than controls (62 ± 18.9 vs 55.4 ± 15.1 years, respectively, P = .03). Female gender was predominant in the two groups. In the study group, 178/272 (66%) had DVT, 84/272 (31%) had pulmonary embolism (PE), and the rest had DVT and PE. NLR, MPV, and PLR were found to be significantly elevated in acute VTE compared to control (P < .001, P = .008, P = .014, respectively). A ROC curve analysis of NLR and MPV for predicting acute VTE was performed which found a cut‐off value of 5.3 for NLR, an area under curve of (0.67 (0.60‐0.75), P < .001, with a sensitivity of 69% and specificity of 57%. and a cut‐off value of 8.6 for MPV, an area under curve of (0.61 [0.53‐0.68], P = .014, with a sensitivity of 52% and specificity of 67%. Multivariate logistic regression model found that NLR (OR 1.2, 95% CI [1.01‐1.4], P = .041) and MPV (OR 1.5, 95%CI [1.07‐2.12], P = .5) were associated with acute VTE.ConclusionsNeutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio and MPV could be beneficial predictors for the early detection of potential acute VTE.
“What would the neighbors do?” Measuring sexual and domestic violence prevention social norms among youth and adults
Authors: Banyard Victoria , Edwards Katie , Rizzo Andrew 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThere is growing attention to how social processes in communities may contribute to domestic and sexual violence (DSV) and be a target for prevention efforts. Three main variables are collective efficacy and descriptive and injunctive norms. To date, few measures exist that assess these variables in the specific context of violence prevention. The current study sampled 3,866 adults and high‐school youth in four communities in northern New England. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses examined the psychometrics of the scales. Scales reflecting collective efficacy, indirect public, and direct individualized descriptive norms, public and personal injunctive norms, and youth perceptions of adults’ prevention actions demonstrated robust factor structures and adequate reliability and validity. These measures may prove useful for a diverse audience (e.g., practitioner, researchers) for assessing the effectiveness of community‐level DSV prevention strategies.
Rce1 suppresses invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma via epithelial‐mesenchymal transition induced by the TGF‐β1/H‐Ras signaling pathway
Authors: Ma Chaoqun , Yang Yan , Xu Lei , Tu Wei , Chen Feng , Wang Jianming 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRas converting enzyme 1 (Rce1) plays an important role in invasion and metastasis of malignancy. However, the mechanism has not yet been fully explored in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Primarily, we investigated the expression of Rce1 and H‐Ras influence on patient prognosis through the clinical data. Further, we analyzed the regulatory effects of Rce1/H‐Ras signal pathway on the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we screened out the protein which bonds with Rce1 by CO‐IP experiment to discuss the mechanism of Rce1 in EMT of HCC. This research revealed a significantly decreased expression of Rce1 in HCC compared with noncancerous tissues (p < .05). In contrast, H‐Ras expression was increased in the tumor. The expression of them was a close association with the differentiation and tumor‐node‐metastasis (TNM) stage of the tumor (p < .001; p = .035, respectively) and Rce1 was an independent prognostic indicator (95%Cl: 0.193–0.821; p = .013). Through targeted regulation of Rce1 by cDNA or small interfering RNA, results show that the lower expression of Rce1 facilitated EMT and promoted the invasion and metastasis of HCC (p < .05). Furthermore, the CO‐IP experiment unfolded that Rce1 could bond with farnesyltransferase‐β (FNTB) which mediated the expression of H‐Ras. Conclusions: Rce1 inhibits EMT via target regulation H‐Ras and suppress the early invasion and metastasis of HCC. It may be a potential therapeutic target and prognostic indicator for HCC.