bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Causes and clinical characteristics of women with primary amenorrhea and ovarian or gonadal disorders at a quaternary hospital
Authors: Peeyananjarassri Krantarat , Klangsin Satit , Chumkam Apisada , Wattanakumtornkul Saranya , Dhanaworavibul Kriengsak , Choksuchat Chainarong , Getpook Chatpavit , Matemanosak Phawat , Charalsawadi Chariyawan , Maisrikhaww Worathai 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAimTo evaluate the causes and clinical characteristics of primary amenorrhea and ovarian or gonadal disorders in women.MethodsThe medical records of all women evaluated for primary amenorrhea between January 2002 and December 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. Women with missing data were excluded from the study. Disorders of the ovary or gonads (hypergonadotropic hypogonadism) were defined as increased serum follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) levels (>40 mIU/mL).ResultsOver a 21‐year period, after excluding 1 woman with incomplete data, the study included 87 women who met the inclusion criteria. The median age at presentation was 18 years (interquartile range [IQR], 17–20). The median estradiol level was 5 pg/mL (IQR 5–10.4), and the median FSH level was 80 mIU/mL (IQR 63.1–94.9). The most common cause of primary amenorrhea was Turner syndrome (TS), followed by 46,XX and 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis. The median height was 147 cm (IQR, 140–158.7), and 50 women (57.5%) had karyotypic abnormalities, with TS being the most common abnormality.ConclusionTS was identified as the most common cause of primary amenorrhea with ovarian or gonadal disorders.
Co‐Administration of Vitamin U and Antacids in Diets Relieves Gastric Ulcers in Finishing Pigs
Authors: Cao Shanchuan , Muniyappan Madesh , Kim San , Kim In Ho 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTOne hundred and forty [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc] barrows and gilts (86.5 ± 1.5 kg) were used in a 28‐day experiment in a randomised complete block design. A model of gastric ulcer was established by adding aspirin to the diet or by fasting. The five dietary treatments were TRT1 (basal diet), TRT2 (basal diet + fasting), TRT3 (basal diet + 0.05% vitamin U and antacids (VA)), TRT4 (basal diet + aspirin + fasting) and TRT5 (basal diet + aspirin + fasting + 0.1% VA). The active ingredients of VA are vitamin U 50 mg/g, magnesium oxide MgO 60 mg/g, sodium carbonate Na2CO3 70 mg/g. The result showed a significant increase in final body weight (p = 0.047) and average daily gain (p = 0.033) in TRT5 compared with TRT1 and TRT2 (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in carcass scores among treatment groups (p > 0.05). The stomach keratinisation score was significantly higher in TRT2 and TRT4 than that in TRT3 (p = 0.032). Stomach keratinisation score decreased from 1.9 to 1.4 in TRT5 compared with TRT4 (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the addition of VA to the diet can improve the degree of gastric ulcer to a certain extent and effectively improve growth performance.
Autotomy in Achala copper lizard: do sex and body size traits influence tail loss and regeneration?
Authors: Cabezas‐Cartes F. , Torres M. M. , Viladrich L.J. , Lopez Juri G. , Naretto S. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAutotomy in animals, the voluntary loss of a body part at a specific location, is a widespread behaviour observed across various groups. This mechanism provides several advantages, such as predator evasion, escape from entrapments, and even reduced injury costs from agonistic interactions. Lizards display tail autotomy in response to predation and intraspecific aggression. Moreover, it is common for these reptiles to have sexually dimorphic traits, such as colouration and body size, which may influence predation risk and consequently their antipredatory strategies. This study focuses on the Achala copper lizard (Pristidactylus achalensis) which inhabits an isolated highland ecosystem in central Argentina. This species is an ideal study model due to its territorial and aggressive behaviour, high intraspecific competition and sexual dichromatism. The aims of this study were to determine the influence of sex and body size on the occurrence of tail autotomy in P. achalensis. Additionally, we assessed the cost of autotomy by analysing the distance between the vent and the tail cut. Furthermore, we investigated the possibility of repeated tail autotomy by a single individual. Our results showed that in P. achalensis, sex and body size interacted significantly resulting in different patterns of tail autotomy. In females, the frequency of autotomy increased gradually with body size, whereas in males it increased more abruptly and reached its maximum frequency at smaller body sizes than in females. Males presented higher autotomy frequencies than females, likely because they are more likely to be perceived by avian predators than cryptic females. The findings of this study contribute to broadening the knowledge of lizard behaviour, shedding light on the complex interplay between predation, intraspecific competition and reproductive dynamics in this unique species.
Models of Hydration Dependent Lymphatic Opening, Interstitial Fluid Flows and Ambipolar Diffusion
Authors: Øien Alf H. , Tenstad Olav , Wiig Helge 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveA theoretical understanding of fluid exchange and the role of initial lymph formation in tissues through mathematical/physical modeling is lacking.MethodsHere, we present three models for tissues rich in negative fixed charges due to glycosaminoglycans interacting with the extracellular matrix.ResultsWe first model a lymphatic opening mechanism at relevant hydrations of the interstitium. At each hydration affecting tissue strain, two equations coupled in time are developed and solved with the new lymphatic opening and particle draining mechanism. The lymphatic opening mechanism is then included in a new model of interstitial fluid and macromolecular flow where the influence of different exclusion and available volumes for charged and neutral particles are quantified. For therapeutic interactions with cells, essential differences are found between electrically charged and neutral therapeutic substances. The interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure gradient and flow are expressed through an extended Darcy equation, derived using similar methods as in kinetic theory of dense gases and fluid flows. Finally, a model for ambipolar diffusion of electrically charged macromolecules in tissue is developed.ConclusionsOur study will inform transport of charged and neutral macromolecules between the vasculature, interstitium, and the lymphatic system, thus having implications for tissue uptake of therapeutic agents.
The bayesian and the abductivist
Authors: Skipper Mattias , Vassend Olav Benjamin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA major open question in the borderlands between epistemology and philosophy of science concerns whether Bayesian updating and abductive inference are compatible. Some philosophers—most influentially Bas van Fraassen—have argued that they are not. Others have disagreed, arguing that abduction, properly understood, is indeed compatible with Bayesianism. Here we present two formal results that allow us to tackle this question from a new angle. We start by formulating what we take to be a minimal version of the claim that abduction is a rational pattern of reasoning. We then show that this minimal abductivist principle, when combined with Bayesian updating by conditionalization, places surprisingly strong and controversial constraints on how we must measure explanatory power. The lesson is not that Bayesianism is definitely incompatible with abduction, but that both compatibilism and incompatibilism have hitherto unrecognized consequences. We end the paper by formulating these consequences in the form of a trilemma.
Association of childhood obesity with pubertal development in boys: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Huang Jia‐Shuan , Gao Chang , Xiao Wan‐Qing , Zhang Xuan‐Yu , Zhong Xiao‐Wen , Qin Yi‐Qi , Lu Min‐Shan , Zhang Cheng‐Hao , Yang Kun , Liang Jia‐Min , Wang Chi Chiu , Ma Ronald Ching Wan , He Jian‐Rong , Qiu Xiu 
Published: November 2024

SummaryChildhood obesity leads to early puberty development in girls, but its effect in boys remains unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to study the association between childhood obesity and puberty development in boys. We included 14 cohort studies with 114,822 boys. Meta‐analysis showed that childhood overweight (RR, 1.44; 95%CI, 1.08–1.93; the number of studies [N] = 4) and obesity (RR, 1.35; 95%CI, 1.11–1.64; N = 5) were associated with the earlier occurrence of testicular volume ≥4 mL (Tanner stage 2). Age reaching Tanner stage 2 in overweight boys was earlier than normal‐weight boys (mean difference: −0.23 years, 95% CI: −0.37 to −0.08; N = 2); a similar trend was observed in obese boys, but the effect estimate did not reach significance level (mean difference: −0.27 years, 95% CI: −0.59 to 0.05; N = 3). Similarly, the age at pubarche in boys with overweight/obesity was earlier than those with normal weight. Qualitative analysis shows first nocturnal emission; change in voice and peak height velocity in boys with overweight/obesity appeared to develop earlier than those with normal weight. These findings suggest overweight/obesity is associated with earlier pubertal development in boys. Due to the limited number of studies identified in this review, further studies are warranted to confirm these associations.
Overexpression of Phytoglobin1 in Rice Leads to Enhanced Nitrogen Use Efficiency via Modulation of Nitric Oxide
Authors: Samant Sanjib Bal , Swain Jagannath , Yadav Nidhi , Yadav Reena , Singh Pooja , Rai Preeti , Sheri Vijay , Sreeman Sheshshayee , Subramanyam Rajagopal , Pareek Ashwani , Gupta Kapuganti Jagadis 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTNitric oxide (NO) is one of the byproducts of nitrogen metabolism. Excess amount of NO is scavenged by phytoglobins. The role of phytoglobin mediated NO homoeostasis in modulation of nitrate transporters was investigated using NO scavenger cPTIO, phytoglobin overexpressing rice and Arabidopsis. Growing plants under low nitrate leads to generation of reduced levels of NO accompanied by elevated expression of high affinity transporters (HATs) such as NRT2.1, NRT2.3 and NRT2.4. Scavenging of NO by cPTIO under optimal nitrate caused enhanced HATs expression. Phytoglobin overexpressing Arabidopsis showed improved growth and enhanced expression of HATs under low nitrogen in comparison to WT. Pretreatment of optimal nitrate grown plants with NO scavenger cPTIO enhanced HATs expression and shifting of these primed plants from optimal to low nitrate leads to further elevation of HATs expression accompanied by enhanced nitrogen uptake and its accumulation with positive effect on growth. Phytoglobin overexpression in rice leads to enhanced HATs expression, improved growth, nitrogen accumulation under low nitrate. Pgb OE lines showed enhanced accumulation of amino acids. Taken together our results suggest an important role of phytoglobins in nitrogen uptake and assimilation.
Portrayal of risk information and its impact on audiences’ risk perception during the Covid‐19 pandemic: A multi‐method approach
Authors: Wiedicke Annemarie , Stehr Paula , Rossmann Constanze 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOver the last years, infectious diseases have been traveling across international borders faster than ever before, resulting in major public health crises such as the Covid‐19 pandemic. Given the rapid changes and unknown risks that mark such events, risk communication faces the challenge to raise awareness and concern among the public without creating panic. Drawing on the social amplification of risk framework—a concept that theorizes how and why risks are amplified or attenuated during the (1) transfer of risk information (by, for instance, news media) and (2) audiences’ interpretation and perception of these information—we were interested in the portrayal of risk information and its impact on audiences’ risk perception over the first wave of the Covid‐19 pandemic in Germany. We therefore conducted a quantitative content analysis of a major public and private television (TV) newscast (N = 321) and combined it with survey data (two‐wave panel survey, t1: N = 1378 and t2: N = 1061). Our results indicate that TV news (as a major information source at that time) were characterized by both risk‐attenuating and risk‐amplifying characteristics, although risk‐amplifying attributes were particularly pronounced by the private TV newscast. Notably, those who only used private TV news between both waves showed the highest perceived severity at time 2. However, the interaction effect of time and use of public and/or private TV news was only significant for perceived susceptibility. Overall, more research is needed to examine the effects of different types of media and changes in risk perceptions over time.
Oxidation of four monoterpenoid indole alkaloid classes by three cytochrome P450 monooxygenases from Tabernaemontana litoralis
Authors: Mai Zhan , Kim Kyunghee , Richardson Matthew Bailey , Deschênes Daniel André Ramey , Garza‐Garcia Jorge Jonathan Oswaldo , Shahsavarani Mohammadamin , Perley Jacob Owen , Njoku Destiny Ichechi , Deslongchamps Ghislain , De Luca Vincenzo , Qu Yang 
Published: November 2024

SUMMARYCytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs) are well known for their ability to catalyze diverse oxidation reactions, playing a significant role in the biosynthesis of various natural products. In the realm of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs), one of the largest groups of alkaloids in nature, CYPs are integral to reactions such as hydroxylation, epoxidation, ring opening, ring rearrangement, and aromatization, contributing to the extensive diversification of these compounds. In this study, we investigate the transcriptome, metabolome, and MIA biosynthesis in Tabernaemontana litoralis (milky way tree), a prolific producer of rare pseudoaspidosperma‐type MIAs. Alongside known pseudoaspidosperma biosynthetic genes, we identify and characterize three new CYPs that facilitate regio‐ and stereospecific oxidation of four MIA skeletons: iboga, aspidosperma, pseudoaspidosperma, and quebrachamine. Notably, the tabersonine 14,15‐β‐epoxidase catalyzes the formation of pachysiphine, the stereoisomer of 14,15‐α‐epoxytabersonine (lochnericine) found in Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle) roots. The pseudovincadifformine 18‐hydroxylase is the first CYP identified to modify a pseudoaspidosperma skeleton. Additionally, we demonstrate that the enzyme responsible for C10‐hydroxylation of the iboga MIA coronaridine also catalyzes C10‐hydroxylation of voaphylline, which bears a quebrachamine skeleton. With the discovery of a new MIA, 11‐hydroxypseudovincadifformine, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of MIA biosynthesis and diversification in T. litoralis, highlighting its potential for further exploration.
Application and influence of four drain configurations on fluid dispersal and retrieval in a cadaveric canine wound infusion‐retrieval system model
Authors: Anderson Makensie L. , Bates Miriam , Risselada Marije , Moore George E. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo describe fluid dispersal and retrieval patterns in an infusion‐retrieval system across various configurations and locations in a cadaveric canine model.Study designCadaveric study.AnimalsFour large breed canines.MethodsFour full‐thickness wounds (10 × 10 cm) were created bilaterally in four canine cadavers (shoulder, thorax, flank, and thigh). A wound infusion catheter and active suction drain were placed in four configurations (diagonal, opposite, parallel, and perpendicular) and the incisions were closed. Diluted methylene blue was instilled, allowed to dwell for 10 min, and quantified after retrieval. A 14 × 14 cm full‐thickness skin segment, including the initial 10 × 10 cm wound, was removed. Images of the removed skin and cadaver wound bed were taken to calculate surface area (SA) and to evaluate fluid dispersion. A mixed‐effects linear regression model was used for statistical analysis.ResultsFluid retrieval did not differ by configuration (p = .92) or location (p = .32), although the perpendicular configuration resulted in the highest retrieval (11.35 ± 6.1 mL) (56.8 ± 30% volume instilled) and the flank location resulted in the lowest (7.2 ± 6.4 mL) (35.9 ± 32% volume instilled). Configuration influenced SA coverage of the wound bed (p < .01), whereas location did not (p = .10). The parallel configuration had the greatest SA coverage (83.4 ± 11.6%). No difference existed for leakage of methylene blue (MB) beyond the borders for configuration (p = .74) or location (p = .10).ConclusionThe parallel configuration maximized the fluid dispersion within the cadaveric wound bed in comparison with other configurations (p < .01).Clinical significanceAn infusion‐retrieval system could be considered during wound closure to administer topical solutions and remove excess free fluid.
Modeling Magneto-Active Soft Robots in Vessels Based on Discrete Differential Geometry of Framed Curves
Authors: Zhou Anni , Tan Kai , Yan Zhi , Deng Qian 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias, such as atrial fibrillation, pose significant health risks and are often treated using minimally invasive cardiac ablation. However, the limited maneuverability of mechanically driven catheters can undermine both the success and efficiency of the procedure. In contrast, magnetic soft continuum robots (MSCRs) offer a promising alternative by utilizing external magnetic fields to directly steer the catheter tip. This approach allows for precise control, simplifying navigation through intricate vascular systems, ensuring stable contact with lesions, and minimizing manual manipulation. To optimize the use of MSCRs in magnetically assisted cardiac ablation, it is crucial to model their behavior, focusing on contact with the vascular environment. This article establishes a theoretical model of MSCRs based on Cosserat beam theory and discrete differential geometry (DDG). The model is validated and subsequently used to simulate three scenarios: partially magnetized MSCRs, MSCRs with point contacts, and MSCRs with line contacts. The results reveal significant nonlinear behavior upon contact. By applying our model, we demonstrate how adjustments of the magnetic field's direction, magnitude, and MSCR length can guide navigation through bifurcated vessels and achieve precise contact with a lesion. These findings provide valuable insights into the design and control of MSCRs, enabling more efficient, simulation-driven guidance for minimally invasive procedures and advancing digital health care in endovascular applications.
Design Knowledge as Attention Emphasizer in Large Language Model-Based Sentiment Analysis
Authors: Han Yi , Moghaddam Mohsen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Aspect-based sentiment analysis (ABSA) enables a systematic identification of user opinions on particular aspects, thus improving the idea creation process in the initial stages of a product/service design. Large language models (LLMs) such as T5 and GPT have proven powerful in ABSA tasks due to their inherent attention mechanism. However, some key limitations remain. First, existing research mainly focuses on relatively simpler ABSA tasks such as aspect-based sentiment analysis, while the task of extracting aspects, opinions, and sentiment in a unified model remains largely unaddressed. Second, current ABSA tasks overlook implicit opinions and sentiments. Third, most attention-based LLMs use position encoding in a linear projected manner or through split-position relations in word distance schemes, which could lead to relation biases during the training process. This paper incorporates domain knowledge into LLMs by introducing a new position encoding strategy for the transformer model. This paper addresses these gaps by (1) introducing the ACOSI (aspect, category, opinion, sentiment, implicit indicator) analysis task, developing a unified model capable of extracting all five types of labels in the ACOSI analysis task simultaneously in a generative manner; (2) designing a new position encoding method in the attention-based model; and (3) introducing a new benchmark based on ROUGE score that incorporates design domain knowledge inside. The numerical experiments on manually labeled data from three major e-Commerce retail stores for apparel and footwear products showcase the domain knowledge inserted transformer method’s performance, scalability, and potential.
Energy-Efficient Three-Wheel Bleedless Electrical Environmental Control System for a Passenger Aircraft
Authors: Negi Vinay Pratap Singh , Ranganayakulu Chennu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The environmental control system (ECS) of an aircraft is designed to create a comfortable and suitable atmosphere for both passengers and crew, as well as the avionics. Additionally, the ECS represents the highest power consumers within nonpropulsive systems in an aircraft. With sustainable technology development for aircraft, secondary systems such as the ECS are evolving from conventional bleed air to electric-type to improve energy efficiency by reducing fuel consumption. This study introduces a novel electrically driven ECS (EECS) that is designed to replace the existing bleed-air-driven three-wheel air cycle system (ACS) and the high-pressure water separation subsystem (HPWS) of the Airbus 320 (A320) passenger aircraft's ECS during cruise conditions. matlab was used to construct the system component model of the ECS to verify the accuracy of the data from A320. The performance of the proposed EECS was compared with that of the existing bleed-air system in terms of cabin requirements. The conventional ECS's bleed-air off-take from the engine caused a 50% higher fuel mass penalty for missions lasting 5–15 h, which exceeds the shaft power off-take of the EECS. The energy required for the conventional ECS and EECSs was 3.59 MJ and 1.78 MJ, respectively.
Innovative Cavity Modeling for Centrifugal Compressors Aeromechanical Analysis
Authors: Batisti Marco , Pinelli Lorenzo , Toni Lorenzo , Guglielmo Alberto , Marconcini Michele , Arnone Andrea 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Centrifugal compressor aeromechanics is playing an increasingly important role in the energy transition scenario, especially when operating with low-molecular-weight gases, such as hydrogen. For these machines, maximum impeller tip speeds are limited by structural requirements and so aeromechanical assessment must be included from the preliminary design stages. When performing forced response analysis of centrifugal impellers, it is mandatory to consider the contribution of the unsteady forces acting within front and rear cavities. The flow field inside the cavities has different time and length scales compared with the main flow field, and from a modeling standpoint, seal regions have to be included in the computational domain: this means that a comprehensive computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation may require substantial efforts for the setup and high computational time and resources. In this context, this article presents an acoustic analytical model for predicting pressure perturbation within centrifugal compressor cavities without solving them with unsteady CFD approaches. The model is fed with appropriate boundary conditions to be applied at the entrance of the cavities and analytically solves the pressure perturbation distribution in an annular environment. To validate the presented analytical model, unsteady calculations were performed on impeller-vaned diffuser domains with cavities at different operating conditions, and the unsteady pressure field in the cavities was used as a target solution. The comparison between the analytical model results and the CFD solution shows a very good agreement for all the different blade passing frequencies under investigation, paving the way for accurate aeromechanical evaluations in the preliminary design phase when complete unsteady CFD simulations are not compatible with design timing.