bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A pedagogy of multiliteracies: Young children and multimodal learning with tablets
Authors: Yelland Nicola J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe data reported in this paper are part of a larger case study with children from 2 to 12 years of age, that took place over 4 years. The data reported here pertains to children in the age range 4–8 years of age in Australia. The children were from low socio‐economic schools in one Australian state. The study was concerned with providing empirical evidence about learning ecologies in which teachers designed multimodal experiences to support young children to become literate in the 21st century. Using a participant observation methodology, both the pedagogical strategies and learning experiences of young children were documented in the form of narratives of early childhood practices. The aim was to consider the potential for new learning [Kalantzis, M., & Cope, W. W. (2012). New learning: elements of a science of education (2nd ed.). Melbourne: Cambridge University Press] with new technologies, and to support teachers to use tablets to transform their pedagogies and practices in the early years. The approach taken was to use the theoretical constructs of new learning and a pedagogy of multiliteracies [New London Group (1996). A pedagogy of multiliteracies. Harvard Educational Review, 60, 66–92] as the focus for designing the new learning ecologies. In this way, we moved away from an emphasis on digital childhoods to create contexts for multimodal learning in the 21st‐century childhoods. In doing this, the documented learning stories have multimodality as a uniting element, and digital technologies are viewed as being complimentary to other resources, rather than alternatives, or in competition with, traditional modalities. The paper illustrates the ways in which these multimodal learning ecologies can work to support emergent literacy which is viewed as a foundational skill needed by all children in order to thrive in their learning.
Situated collaboration and problem solving in young children's digital gameplay
Authors: Danby Susan , Evaldsson Ann‐Carita , Melander Helen , Aarsand Pål 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCollaboration is an important aspect of social activity associated with young children's digital gameplay. Children organise their participation as they communicate with and support one another, through sharing knowledge and problem‐solving strategies, displaying their expertise, encouraging others and creatively exploring possibilities for collaborative game moves. Drawing on a social interactional perspective, we explore the situated and embodied practices of the young players aged 3–8 years. We present three video ethnographic case studies of young children's everyday peer interactions from three different settings and age groups: Australia (home), Norway (pre‐school) and Sweden (afterschool). Across these settings, the findings identify how children collaborate with one another to progress the game by using multiple strategies, including instructing each other, monitoring each other's actions and problem solving. In the process, collaborative peer culture was maintained and built as the players worked towards problem solutions that require taking each other's perspectives, and sharing digital devices and skills. This focus on children's situated language use and assemblage of multimodal resources shows their moment‐by‐moment collaborative action. These multimodal interactions create opportunities for peer and sibling learning without the presence of an adult. The collaborative activity was a strategic resource used by the children in their digital game playing. In capturing young children's own strategies, we highlight their agency in learning occurring through social interaction and gameplay.
Canada's beef exports: Border effects and prospects for market access
Authors: Ghazalian Pascal L. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis paper examines the magnitudes of border effects on Canada's beef exports, and assesses the prospects for market access. The empirical analysis relies on a gravity model derived from a supply‐based framework, and implements different econometric methodologies. It covers the conventional measurement of border effects that is determined relative to the intranational trade baseline. Also, it sets alternative baselines to estimate the wedge between the border effects on beef exports of Canada and those of other countries. The estimated parameters are used to carry out different scenarios to examine the tariff‐related and nontariff border effects, and to evaluate the impacts of trade preferences for Canada's bilateral beef exports. The results reveal significant trade impediments facing Canada's bilateral beef exports to many large markets (e.g., EU‐15, Japan, Republic of Korea, China, and Russia), and they often indicate that the effects of tariff reductions become considerably larger when coupled with reductions in nontariff impediments. Also, they underscore the significance of North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)’s preferential market access for Canada's beef exports. The export opportunities for the Canadian beef industry that are generated through lower trade barriers would, however, decrease when trade barriers facing other beef‐exporting countries are reduced.
Tracking trends in the extinction risk of wild relatives of domesticated species to assess progress against global biodiversity targets
Authors: McGowan Philip J.K. , Mair Louise , Symes Andrew , Westrip James R.S. , Wheatley Hannah , Brook Sarah , Burton James , King Sarah , McShea William J. , Moehlman Patricia D. , Smith Andrew T. , Wheeler Jane C. , Butchart Stuart H.M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractEnsuring the conservation of wild relatives of domesticated animals that are important food sources for humans forms part of targets for both the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). There is, however, no indicator allowing progress toward these aims to be measured. We identified 30 domesticated mammal and bird taxa that are sources of food for humans and consider 55 mammal and 449 bird species to be their wild relatives. We developed a Red List Index for these wild relatives, which declined by 2.02% between 1988 and 2016. Currently, 15 species are Critically Endangered, indicating that the Red List Index could deteriorate sharply unless action is taken to ensure the survival of highly threatened species and the reversal of their declines. This Index can meet a range of global policy needs, including reporting on progress toward Aichi Target 13 of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020 and SDG Target 2.5.
Adding to the mounting evidence for geographic inequity in liver transplantation: Hospital length of stay
Authors: Kueht Michael , Goss John A. , Rana Abbas 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundSevere geographic inequities in liver transplantation have persisted for years. Previous investigators have demonstrated 90‐day transplant rates varying from 14% to 82% and death rates varying from 18% to 86%. The aim of this analysis was to utilize a robust multivariate analysis to investigate whether geographic inequities affected the length of stay after liver transplantation.MethodsWe conducted a unique Kaplan‐Meier analysis with the event being discharge from the hospital and length of stay as the time to the event, using a cohort of 66 674 recipients listed in the UNOS database from 2002 to 2016. Multivariate Cox regression using 43 covariates was used for time‐to‐event analysis.ResultsRegion 9 (0.82; CI 0.79‐0.85), Region 2 (0.85; CI 0.83‐0.88), and Region 10 (0.96; CI 0.93‐0.99) were statistically significant factors for prolonged hospital stay. The following covariates were the most significant factors for prolonged hospital stay: serum sodium >150 mEq/L (0.70; CI 0.62‐0.78), ICU admission (0.77; CI 0.74‐0.80), hospital admission (0.81; 0.79‐0.83), region 9 (0.82; CI 0.79‐0.85), and ventilator dependence (0.82; CI 0.76‐0.88).ConclusionIn this analysis, we demonstrate regional disparities in hospital length of stay that are significant in robust multivariable Cox regression analysis. We hope the transplant community will take immediate measures to correct geographic inequities.
Efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin or dapagliflozin plus saxagliptin versus glimepiride as add‐on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Müller‐Wieland Dirk , Kellerer Monika , Cypryk Katarzyna , Skripova Dasa , Rohwedder Katja , Johnsson Eva , Garcia‐Sanchez Ricardo , Kurlyandskaya Raisa , Sjöström C. David , Jacob Stephan , Seufert Jochen , Dronamraju Nalina , Csomós Katalin 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin and dapagliflozin plus saxagliptin vs glimepiride as add‐on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes.Research design and methodsThis 52‐week, multicentre, double‐blind, active‐controlled study (NCT02471404) randomized (1:1:1) patients (n = 939; HbA1c 7.5%‐10.5%) on metformin monotherapy (≥1500 mg/day) to add‐on dapagliflozin 10 mg, dapagliflozin 10 mg plus saxagliptin 5 mg, or glimepiride 1 to 6 mg (titrated). The primary efficacy end point was change in HbA1c from baseline to Week 52.ResultsBaseline mean age, diabetes duration and HbA1c were 58.4 years, 7.0 years and 8.3%, respectively. Adjusted mean HbA1c change from baseline was −1.20% with dapagliflozin plus saxagliptin and −0.82% with dapagliflozin, vs −0.99% with glimepiride (mean dose at Week 52, 4.6 mg). Changes in body weight (−3.2 kg and −3.5 kg vs +1.8 kg) and systolic blood pressure (SBP; −6.4 mm Hg and −5.6 mm Hg vs −1.6 mm Hg) were significantly greater with dapagliflozin plus saxagliptin and dapagliflozin than with glimepiride. FPG decreased significantly with dapagliflozin plus saxagliptin compared with glimepiride (−2.1 mmol/L vs −1.5 mmol/L) and was similar with dapagliflozin (−1.6 mmol/L) compared with glimepiride. Confirmed incidence of hypoglycaemia was lower with dapagliflozin regimens than with glimepiride (0 and 1 vs 13 patients) and fewer patients required rescue. Genital infections were more frequent with dapagliflozin; other AE profiles were similar.ConclusionsDapagliflozin, saxagliptin and metformin improved glycaemic control compared with glimepiride plus metformin; add‐on of dapagliflozin alone showed efficacy similar to that of glimepiride. Both dapagliflozin regimens decreased body weight and SBP, with a lower incidence of hypoglycaemia compared with glimepiride.
Plasma lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase and phospholipid transfer protein activity independently associate with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Nass Karlijn J. , van den Berg Eline H. , Gruppen Eke G. , Dullaart Robin P. F. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a highly prevalent condition which contributes to atherogenic apolipoprotein B dyslipoproteinemias. Lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) and phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) are both synthesized by the liver and are important in lipid metabolism. Here, we interrogated the impact of NAFLD on plasma LCAT and PLTP activities.MethodsPlasma LCAT activity (exogenous substrate assay) and PLTP activity (phospholipid vesicles‐HDL assay) were determined in 348 subjects (279 men; 81 subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2DM); 123 with metabolic syndrome (MetS)). A Fatty Liver Index (FLI) ≥60 was used as a proxy of NAFLD. Insulin resistance was determined by homoeostasis model assessment (HOMA‐IR).ResultsA total of 147 participants had an FLI ≥60 coinciding with T2DM and MetS (P < 0.001 for each). Plasma LCAT activity and PLTP activity were on average 12% and 5% higher, respectively, in subjects with an FLI ≥ 60 (P < 0.001 for each). In age‐ and sex‐adjusted partial linear regression analysis, LCAT activity and PLTP activity were positively related to various obesity measures and HOMA‐IR (P < 0.001 for each). In multivariable linear regression analyses adjusted for age and sex, LCAT activity was associated with an FLI ≥ 60 independent of T2DM and MetS, the waist/hip ratio, or HOMA‐IR (β = 0.307 to 0.366, P < 0001 for all models). PLTP activity was also associated with an FLI ≥ 60 independent of these variables (β = 0.151 to 0223, P = 0.013 to 0.001).ConclusionNAFLD, as inferred from an FLI≥60, confers higher plasma LCAT and to a lesser extent PLTP activity, even when taking account of T2DM, MetS, central obesity and insulin resistance.
Responsiveness of fish mass–abundance relationships and trophic metrics to flood disturbance, stream size, land cover and predator taxa presence in headwater streams
Authors: Fraley Kevin M. , Warburton Helen J. , Jellyman Phillip G. , Kelly Dave , McIntosh Angus R. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCharacterisation of food webs, by summarising energy transfer and trophic relationships, allows more functional measurement of ecosystems and may reveal threats (e.g., land‐cover change) in sensitive environments that are not obvious from conventional biomonitoring. However, typical methods used to achieve this are time‐consuming and expensive. Therefore, we tested the usefulness of fish‐focused food‐web proxies as functional measures, specifically mass–abundance relationships of fish assemblages and stable isotope (SI)‐derived metrics in headwater stream reaches. These metrics have been trialled before for similar use in other settings, but have yielded varying results, and have not been employed in tandem in temperate freshwaters. Sampling reaches (N = 46) were spread across a variety of streams, and the effects of habitat predictors at multiple scales on metrics were assessed using model selection. We found that habitat size positively correlated with food‐chain lengths in streams, possibly because of increased abundance of fish at multiple trophic levels in habitats with more space. Additionally, flood disturbance was negatively associated with fish mass–abundance and carbon range, likely due to the harshness of flood‐prone streams. Riparian land‐cover variables were correlated with multiple metrics, indicating the importance of terrestrial–aquatic linkages. Additionally, variations in all metrics were influenced by the presence of native, predatory longfin eels. Overall, we conclude that mass–abundance relationships and SI‐derived metrics are sensitive to drivers of trophic organisation and likely reflect processes occurring at multiple spatial scales in freshwaters. Thus, these metrics could be an insightful monitoring tool for managers because they reflect functional measures of aquatic ecosystems.
International banking and transmission of the 1931 financial crisis
Authors: Accominotti Olivier 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn May to July 1931, a series of financial panics shook central Europe before spreading to the rest of the world. This article explores the role of cross‐border banking linkages in propagating the central European crisis to Britain and the US. Using archival bank‐level data, the article documents US and British banks’ exposure to central European frozen credits in 1931. Central European lending was mostly done by large and diversified commercial banks in the US and by small and geographically specialized merchant banks/acceptance houses in Britain. Differences in the organization of international bank lending explain why the central European crisis disturbed few US banks but endangered many British financial institutions.
Outcomes of second‐line treatment after fludarabine cyclophosphamide and rituximab in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia outside clinical trials
Authors: Joffe Erel , Goldschmidt Neta , Bairey Osnat , Fineman Riva , Ruchlemer Rosa , Rahimi‐Levene Naomi , Shvidel Lev , Greenbaum Uri , Aviv Ariel , Tadmor Tamar , Braester Andrea , Arad Ariela , Polliack Aaron , Herishanu Yair ,   The Israeli CLL Study Group
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate disease characteristics and long‐term outcomes in patients requiring second‐line treatment following fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab (FCR), for relapsed/refractory disease (R/R), or following discontinuation due to toxicities.MethodA retrospective analysis of 126 chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients treated with frontline FCR: 63 received second‐line treatment (41 relapsed, nine refractory [SD/PD], 13 prior toxicity). Time to next treatment (TTNT) was calculated from beginning FCR to initiation of second‐line therapy. Overall and event‐free survival was calculated from initiation of salvage treatment (OS2/EFS2).ResultsMedian follow‐up for the entire cohort was 67 and 37 months from second‐line therapy. TTNT < 24 months was associated with shorter OS2 and EFS2 similar to those observed with primary refractory disease (OS2 19 and 23 months; EFS2 12 and 9 months for TTNT < 24 months and SD/PD, respectively). TTNT ≥ 24 months (71% chemotherapy‐based second‐line), had longer OS2 and EFS2 (48 and 20 months). Among the 13 patients receiving second‐line therapy after discontinuing FCR due to toxicity EFS2 was 41 months (59 months from initiation of FCR).ConclusionWith limitations of sample size and treatment heterogeneity, patients progressing <24 months following FCR have poor outcomes, similar to refractory patients, while longer remissions are indicative of a chemoimmunotherapy sensitive disease. Patients who discontinue FCR for toxicities may achieve excellent outcomes with subsequent treatment.
Epstein‐Barr virus post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Ru Yuhua , Chen Jia , Wu Depei 
Published: June 2018

AbstractEpstein‐Barr virus (EBV) viremia and post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) are severe complications after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). A series of risk factors have been found to predict EBV viremia and PTLD, including the T‐cell depletion, reduced intensity conditioning, and alternative donor. The rituximab pre‐emptive therapy could improve PTLD prognosis significantly, but the trigger of initiating rituximab pre‐emptive therapy has not been well established. Additionally, EBV‐specific cytotoxic T cell (CTL) is a promising approach to treat EBV‐PTLD.
Larval abundance across the European eel spawning area: An analysis of recent and historic data
Authors: Westerberg Håkan , Miller Michael J. , Wysujack Klaus , Marohn Lasse , Freese Marko , Pohlmann Jan‐Dag , Watanabe Shun , Tsukamoto Katsumi , Hanel Reinhold 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe abundance and distribution of leptocephalus larvae of the European eel (Anguilla anguilla, Anguillidae) were examined using ten historic and recent Sargasso Sea expeditions that were selected on the basis of having the largest number of sampling stations and highest catches. The surveys cover the period 1920–2014. Station data were recalculated to the same unit of larval density per unit area, and the irregular station positions were transformed to a regular spatial grid to allow calculation of comparable measures of abundance of the youngest (0+) leptocephalus cohort. The result is that the mean and maximum densities of 0+ leptocephali after 2007 on average have decreased by 70%–80% from the densities during the period before the drastic decrease in glass eel recruitment, which started in the 1980s. This is of the same magnitude as the change in spawning stock, if the total continental commercial landings are used as a proxy. In the same period, the glass eel recruitment in Europe has decreased by more than 95%. The conclusion is that a major cause for the recruitment decrease may be an increased leptocephalus mortality during the oceanic phase or a large geographic shift in glass eel arrival. Combining the survey data, the spatial distribution of 0+ leptocephali was concentrated south of the northernmost front in the Subtropical Convergence Zone, but high densities were also found far south of the front in the western part of the distribution area and leptocephali were present also north of the average frontal position.
The Effects of Relationship Education in Low‐Income Couples: A Meta‐Analysis of Randomized‐Controlled Evaluation Studies
Authors: Arnold Louisa S. , Beelmann Andreas 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveTo investigate the effectiveness of relationship education programs in low‐income couples.BackgroundRelationship education programs have been developed in response to family structure changes over the past few decades that have placed low‐income couples, in particular, at risk. These programs are designed to teach effective communication and problem‐solving skills, which are important resources for the prevention of divorce, single parenthood, and absent fathers, and to navigate complex stepfamily constellations.MethodA systematic literature search for studies evaluating relationship education within a randomized‐controlled design in low‐income couples was conducted, resulting in a set of 16 eligible research reports (providing information about 48 independent studies). Weighted mean effects were calculated, and moderators of effectiveness were examined in meta‐analyses of variance and metaregressions.ResultsAnalyses revealed a small but statistically significant mean effect of d+ = 0.10 (SE = 0.03), which doubled when program attendance rates exceeded 50%. Effects were generally higher in less disadvantaged samples (i.e., those that were older, more educated, higher‐income, and more likely to be married).ConclusionRelationship education can have small and stable effects, especially when retention rates are high. Offering programs at the transition to parenthood is a promising strategy.ImplicationsMore needs to be done to reach out to the most vulnerable couples and improve participation and retention rates. The present strategies are not sufficiently effective in recruiting and retaining the target population. Combining relationship education with other programs and services might be more feasible.
Oceanographic variability shapes the spawning distribution of blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou)
Authors: Miesner Anna K. , Payne Mark R. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe spawning distribution of blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou) has varied considerably between years, but quantitative understanding of the processes driving this change is lacking. Using 55 years of larval‐observations from the wide‐ranging Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) survey, we show that changes in the spawning distribution of blue whiting are associated with variations in the marine environment and particularly salinity. We first corroborated previously reported associations between variations in the spawning distribution and environmental regimes in the spawning region based on space‐time interpolation models. We then applied species distribution models to quantify the linkage between the environment and the distribution of blue whiting larvae and verified these model results against independent fisheries and scientific survey data. Models incorporating salinity in the spawning region gave the best agreement with data, with observations of larvae in the CPR being limited to a window of salinities between 35.3 and 35.5. Changes in the area of suitable spawning habitat (estimated here to be up to 2.5 times) can therefore be understood as arising from the spread of saline subtropical water masses throughout the spawning region due to a weak North Atlantic subpolar gyre. We postulate that blue whiting actively select optimum oceanographic conditions to deliver their eggs to enhance their offsprings likelihood of survival and thereby their fitness. The knowledge derived here, together with the high predictability of salinity at depth in the North‐East Atlantic, can potentially form the basis for forecasting the spawning distribution of this species.