bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An In‐Depth Study on the Relativistic Thomas–Fermi Model: Improvements and Numerical Simulations
Authors: Nanni Luca 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe relativistic Thomas–Fermi model is revisited in the framework of von Weizsacker's kinetic energy functional. This model, already studied by other authors, is optimized by weighting the von Weizsacker functional with a numerical parameter and introducing a retardation term in the potential energy functional to improve its predictivity when applied to systems with a complex electronic structure. These corrections avoid overestimating the total kinetic energy and underestimating the stabilizing effect of the Coulomb potential, respectively. The model is applied to neutral and ionized atoms with increasing atomic numbers to test the qualitative and quantitative predictivity goodness of the relativistic effects. Due to the simplicity of solving the relativistic equation by numerical methods, the proposed model could be an alternative or a supportive tool to other computational methods for studying the physicochemical properties of compounds containing heavy atoms.
Quest for SDG‐13: The Aptness of Green Investments and Information and Communications Technology (ICT) to Emission Mitigation Among Central‐African States
Authors: Onifade Stephen Taiwo , Musah Mohammed , Gyamfi Bright Akwasi , Agozie Divine Q. , Opoku‐Mensah Evans 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe Sustainable Development Goal 13 (SDG‐13) enunciates the need to combat climate change by encouraging necessary actions to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and this laudable goal was re‐echoed at COP‐28 in the UAE. Although negatively impacted by climate change, the vast literature is silent on the Central Africa (CA) region. Thus, we empirically dissect the emission‐mitigating roles of green investment while integrating the moderating influences of ICT, foreign capitals (FDI), and non‐renewable energy intake, within the region's economic expansion and population growth. We observe that economic expansion has a non‐linear impact on emissions (an inverted U‐Shaped pattern); with initial emission‐inducing effects from non‐renewable energy, financial development, population, and foreign capitals while green investment and ICT mitigate regional emissions. Subsequent expansion in indicators (green investments, FDI, and ICT) significantly mitigates emissions except for non‐renewable energy intake. Green investments' interactive impacts with overall financial development trends also enhance regional environmental goals. Overall, the study posits that CA states can potentially mitigate environmental degradation by leveraging ICT and green investments towards the realization of SDG‐13.
Zwitterionic Polymer Lipid Nanoparticles Enabling Selective Organ Targeting Delivery of Small Interfering RNA for the Treatment of Hepatic and Pulmonary Inflammation
Authors: Li Jiaxin , Wang Nan , Zhang Wen , Peng Chen , Zhang Xinyue , Li Muzi , Ouyang Guanghui , Li Yan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are clinically advanced small interfering RNA (siRNA) carriers, which can prevent the breakdown of siRNA during delivery and deliver siRNA into the cytoplasm to down‐regulate the target gene. However, clinical LNPs are limited to the liver, and enhancing extrahepatic targeting is vital to expand the application of LNPs in vivo. Here, zwitterionic polymer LNPs (ZP‐LNPs) are assembled with the zwitterionic polymer polycarboxybetaine (PCB) modified 1,2‐dimyristoylglycerol (DMG) lipid DMG‐PCBn can selectively deliver siRNA to liver and lung, respectively. Three libraries with 90 ZP‐LNPs are established by adjusting the degree of polymerization of DMG‐PCBn, the molar ratio of lipids, and the mass ratio between lipids and siRNA. Physicochemical and in vivo biodistribution results show that B4‐3@siRNA and B5‐1@siRNA with high siRNA encapsulation efficiency (>85%) achieve targeted siRNA delivery to the liver and lung, respectively. The mechanism findings indicate that pKa and protein corona are essential to determine the in vivo fate of ZP‐LNPs and tendency for specific organs. Importantly, these two ZP‐LNPs with siTNF‐α can effectively reduce the levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α) in mice with hepatic inflammation and pulmonary inflammation, respectively, indicating their promising application for the treatment of diseases associated with liver and lung.
A Life of Systems Thinking: Michael C. Jackson in Conversation With Matt Lloyd and Rajneesh Chowdhury
Authors: Lloyd Matt , Chowdhury Rajneesh 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis systems profile is a transcript of the conversation between Michael C. Jackson, Matt Lloyd and Rajneesh Chowdhury, held in 2023 at the University of Hull. The conversation provides a window onto the life and motivations of Jackson, covering his early life and education, his lifelong journey with systems thinking and his hopes for the future of the discipline. Jackson highlights the contribution of systems thinking to those areas where there is greater complexity and uncertainty. He delves into what drove him to craft critical systems thinking as a transdiscipline based on a pragmatist philosophy, understanding the strengths and weaknesses of methodologies from different traditions to aid practitioners in using them in combination. Jackson is optimistic about the future of systems thinking, highlighting that governments and businesses need to embrace it to cope better with the complexities they face.
Co3O4 Hybrid Electrocatalysts; Materials Description and Mechanistic Aspects Toward Hydrogen Production, Oxygen Evolution‐Reduction, and CO2 Reduction Reactions
Authors: Tahira Aneela , Padervand Mohsen , Dawi Elmuez , Aftab Umair , Ghasemi Shahnaz , Vigolo Brigitte , Tonezzer Matteo , Bidmeshkipour Samina , Baghernejad Masoud , Labidi Abdelkader , Lichtfouse Eric , Wang Chuanyi , Vomiero Alberto , Ibupoto Zafar Hussain 
Published: December 2024

AbstractControlling the adverse effects of global warming on human communities requires reducing carbon dioxide emissions and developing clean energy resources. Fossil fuel overuse damages the environment and raises sustainability concerns. As a resource‐rich element, cobalt oxide hybrids have attracted considerable attention as low‐priced and eco‐friendly electrocatalysts. Alkaline solutions disperse Co3O4 easily despite its highly stable nature, which arises from the reverse spinel structures of Co. Metal oxides, nickel foam, polymeric frameworks, and carbon nanotubes have been successfully served to combine with the Co3O4 constructions for improving the electrocatalytic performance. To date, no comprehensive study has systematically investigated the relation between the cobalt oxide hybrid's physicochemical‐electronic aspects and its catalytic features. This review mainly focuses on material design, fabrication, morphology, structural characteristics, and electroactivity, considering the critical factors towards practical applications. The economic impacts of the constructions and their expected contribution to large‐scale utilizations are also demonstrated. Moreover, this research discusses the synergistic effects of crucial electrochemical parameters on sustainable energy production over the Co3O4‐based hybrids. Finally, some beneficial conclusive suggestions are made based on emerging factors for real‐world application. Future research in the field aiming at developing sustainable and clean energy production technologies can effectively benefit from the findings of this report.
Advancements and Challenges in Adsorption‐Based Carbon Capture Technology: From Fundamentals to Deployment
Authors: Zentou Hamid , Aliyu Mansur , Abdalla Mahmoud A. , Abdelaziz Omar Y. , Hoque Bosirul , Alloush Ahmed M. , Tayeb Islam M. , Patchigolla Kumar , Abdelnaby Mahmoud M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCarbon dioxide (CO2) adsorption on solid sorbents represents a promising technology for separating carbon from different sources and mitigating anthropogenic emissions. The complete integration of carbon capture technologies in various industrial sectors will be crucial for a sustainable, low‐carbon future. Despite developing new sorbents, a comprehensive strategy is essential to realize the full potential and widespread adoption of CO2 capture technologies, including different engineering aspects. This study discusses the pathway for deploying adsorption‐based carbon capture technology in fundamental material science aspects, thermo‐physical properties behavior at the molecular level, and industrial pilot scale demonstrations. When integrated with process simulation and economic evaluations, these techniques are instrumental in enhancing the efficiency and cost‐effectiveness of the capturing processes. While advancements in adsorption‐based carbon capture technologies have been notable, their deployment still encounters significant hurdles, including technical, economic, and environmental challenges. Leveraging hybrid systems, renewable energy integration, and the strategic application of emerging machine learning techniques appear promising to address global warming effectively and will consequently be discussed in this investigation.
Task design and rater effects in task‐based language assessment
Authors: O'Grady Stefan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTask‐based language assessment represents a major component of task‐based language teaching syllabi. Current perspectives emphasise the importance of tasks in the assessment process, suggesting that adherence to influential models of language production during task design yields predictable test outcomes. The current study contends that the significance of the rater has been overlooked, resulting in adverse consequences when employing current task‐based frameworks. The article reviews literature on the rating process, with a focus on interactions between rater characteristics, rating scales, and rater effects. Drawing on the findings of the review, the author proposes a revised model of task‐based language assessment that curbs the impact of task design on test scores. The revised model underscores the need to regard raters as active agents in the assessment process to enhance validity and fairness and makes recommendations about minimizing rater effects.
Assessment of Vanadium Content in Soils Under Equatorial Climate
Authors: Trujillo‐González Juan Manuel , Torres‐Mora Marco Aurelio , Serrano‐Gómez Marlon , Castillo‐Monroy Edgar Fernando , Brevik Eric C. , Jiménez‐Ballesta Raimundo 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIt is challenging to accurately analyze and monitor the environmental quality of soils globally because data on precise baseline concentrations are lacking. Colombia is a country where baseline data is practically missing. This study focused on the highly weathered soils of the Piedmont Llanero (hyperhumid equatorial environment). The baseline vanadium (V) concentration was assessed and the possible influence of agricultural land use was examined. The results showed clear variability in V concentrations across land uses. The V content in soils in the natural environment was 5.8–76.7 mg kg−1 with a mean of 31.5 mg kg−1 and in agricultural soils was 20.7–88.6 mg kg−1 with a mean of 51.8 mg kg−1. The overall average was 41.7 mg kg−1 with a range of 5.8–88.6 mg kg−1, which are widely scattered values. The V concentration was compared to the world average values and was within normal ranges versus other areas. The calculated reference value (RV) for V was 38.4 mg kg−1. Based on the contamination factor, contamination was moderate (1.1) in the whole area. No contamination was detected when analyzed with I‐geo (−0.6). These findings clearly suggest that V was moderately contaminating in cultivated soils, but posed no ecological risks in the study area. No simple relation was found between V concentrations and investigated litho‐ and pedogenic factors. This work contains valuable information for not only legislative purposes but also for soil quality RVs in a hyperhumid equatorial climate.
Taking off and Navigating Disruptive and Climate Challenges for Building Resilience in Air Transport Infrastructure
Authors: Guzman Andres , Alwosheel Abdulrahman 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe growing recognition of the importance of addressing disruptive events and climate change has led to an increased focus on resilience in recent decades. This is due to the escalating effects of changing weather patterns, rising temperatures, extreme events, and other challenges associated with climate change. Resilience has emerged as a pivotal concept in various fields, including air transport infrastructure. It has become evident that the ability of systems, communities, and infrastructure to anticipate, prepare for, respond to, and recover from the negative impacts of climate change is crucial. Resilience provides a crucial framework for developing adaptive strategies and ensuring sustainability in the face of ongoing climate challenges. In the ever-changing world of aviation, air transport infrastructure faces various climate-related challenges that require them to strengthen their infrastructure to maintain connectivity with their surrounding environment and ensure continuous operations.This chapter explores the intricate interrelation between aviation and the obstacles posed by disruptive and climate change, delving deep into the concept that air transport infrastructure must actively manage resilience. From the challenges presented by rising sea levels to the impact of extreme weather events, this chapter will skillfully navigate through the various strategies airports employ to strengthen their systems against the effects of climate change. By thoroughly analyzing case studies, it will shed light on the innovative technological advancements and sustainable practices that are being utilized to mitigate the risks associated with climate change. Furthermore, it will thoroughly consider how these strategies can be tailored to suit the unique characteristics of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. This exploration aims to unveil a comprehensive blueprint that will enable airports to confidently take off into a future that is resilient to the challenges of climate change.
Dual overlaps and finite coupling ’t Hooft loops
Authors: Gombor Tamas , Bajnok Zoltán 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Integrable su(2|2)c symmetric models have integrable boundaries with osp(2|2) symmetries, which can be embedded into su(2|2)c in two different ways. We dualize the previously obtained asymptotic overlap formulas for one of the embeddings to describe the other embedding and apply the results to describe the asymptotic expectation values of local operators in the presence of a ’t Hooft line in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM. A peculiar feature of the setting is that in certain gradings only descendant states have non-vanishing overlaps with the boundary state and the overlap formula is not factorized for the Bethe roots.
Zugangsbarrieren zur Schwangerschaftsabbruchversorgung: Eine Analyse aus der Perspektive ungewollt Schwangerer – Erkenntnisse aus der Studie „Erfahrungen und Lebenslagen ungewollt Schwangerer. Angebote der Beratung und Versorgung (ELSA)“
Authors: Hahn Daphne , Torenz Rona , Thonke Ines , Eckardt Sarah , Schneider Maria , Wyrobisch-Krüger Anke , Busch Ulrike , Helfferich Cornelia , Knittel Tilmann , Böhm Maika , Brzank Petra , Knaevelsrud Christine , Krumm Silvia , Schumacher Sarah 
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung

Einleitung
Barrieren beim Zugang zur Schwangerschaftsabbruchversorgung können die Inanspruchnahme von Versorgungsleistungen verzögern, was zu einem zeitlich verzögerten Schwangerschaftsabbruch und gesundheitlichen Risiken führen kann. Zu Barrieren gehören u. a. die räumliche Erreichbarkeit, Geheimhaltung, Wartezeiten, Stigmatisierung, schlechte oder schlecht zugängliche Informationen und Kosten für einen Abbruch. Im Beitrag werden Barrieren beim Zugang zur Schwangerschaftsabbruchversorgung in Deutschland untersucht. Eingeschlossen werden Barrieren in der Verfügbarkeit und Erreichbarkeit von Versorgungsangeboten, im Zugang zu Informationen, den Kosten für einen Abbruch sowie organisatorische Hindernisse.

Methoden
Die Analysen basieren auf den Daten einer Online-Querschnittsbefragung von 594 Frauen mit Schwangerschaftsabbruch in Deutschland, die im Rahmen der ELSA-Studie 2021 und 2022 durchgeführt wurde.

Ergebnisse
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass auch in Deutschland der Zugang zu einem Schwangerschaftsabbruch für viele Frauen mit unterschiedlichen Hürden verbunden ist. 80,1 % der Befragten gaben mindestens eine Barriere beim Zugang zum Schwangerschaftsabbruch an, 65,5 % mehr als 2 und 3 und mehr Barrieren wurden von 40,5 % der Befragten angegeben. Besonders die Geheimhaltung des Eingriffs und damit einhergehende Stigmatisierungsängste stellten für viele Teilnehmerinnen Hürden dar.

Diskussion und Fazit
Die Studienergebnisse unterstreichen die Notwendigkeit, den Zugang zu sicheren Schwangerschaftsabbrüchen zu verbessern. Zum Abbau der Zugangsbarrieren gehören daher die Entkriminalisierung, eine flächendeckende Versorgungsstruktur, finanzielle Unterstützungsangebote, verbesserte Informationsangebote sowie der Abbau von Stigmatisierung und Diskriminierung.
Hooding cobras can get ahead of other snakes in the ability to evoke human fear
Authors: Frynta Daniel , Štolhoferová Iveta , Elmi Hassan Sh Abdirahman , Janovcová Markéta , Rudolfová Veronika , Rexová Kateřina , Sommer David , Král David , Berti Daniel Alex , Landová Eva , Frýdlová Petra 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Fear of snakes is common not only in humans but also in other primates. Consequently, snakes are salient stimuli associated with prioritized attention, early detection and emotional significance. This has been interpreted as an adaptive evolutionary response of the primate brain to a risk of envenoming by a hidden snake. However, the struggle between mammals and snakes is not one-sided. Humans and carnivores regularly kill snakes, and thus snakes develop deterring defensive behaviour that may directly evoke enhanced fear. Here, we show that snakes depicted in threatening posture evoked on average more fear than those in resting posture. Significantly, African (Somali) and European (Czech) respondents considerably agreed on the relative fear elicited by various snakes. Nonetheless, not all defensive postures are equally efficient. Threatening cobras were perceived as top fear-evoking stimuli, even though most of them are not considered very frightening in resting posture. This effect can be attributed to their conspicuous hooding posture which evolved into an efficient warning signal for mammalian predators. Our result demonstrates that cobras are more effective than other snakes in the ability to evoke human fear by a simple behavioural display—hooding. This can be primarily explained by the behavioural evolution of cobras which successfully exploited pre-existing cognitive mechanisms of mammals. Whether human ancestors cohabiting with deadly venomous cobras further improved their fear response to hooding is uncertain, but likely.
Expanding on roles of pleckstrin homology-like domain family A member 1 protein
Authors: Durbas Małgorzata 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Pleckstrin homology-like domain, family A, member 1 (PHLDA1), one of the three members of PHLDA (1–3) family, has been reported to be expressed in mammalian cells and tissues and play diverse roles in various biological processes such as apoptosis, pyroptosis, and differentiation. Nevertheless, new roles and mechanisms of PHLDA1 action have come to light, with some needing further clarification. The major aim of the publication is to review proapoptotic or antiapoptotic roles of PHLDA1 in cancer, including ample evidence on PHLDA1 role as a tumor suppressor gene or oncogene and its influence on tumor progression. The role of PHLDA1 as a prognostic marker of cancer emerges, as well as its role in drug response and resistance. PHLDA1 involvement in autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress, pyroptosis, or differentiation is also scrutinized. It is also important to note that the association of PHLDA1 with miRNA regulation is described. Additionally, the emerging functions of PHLDA1 are indicated, specifically in inflammation and ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Discovery and validation of Hsa-microRNA-3665 promoter methylation as a potential biomarker for the prognosis of esophageal squaous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Jinsong , Liu Shuang , Zhang Juwei , Zeng Qiaoyan , Lin Zheng , Fu Rong , Lin Yulan , Hu Zhijian 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Methylation of microRNA (miRNA) promoters associated with diseases is a common epigenetic mechanism in the development of various human cancers. However, its relationship with prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unclear. This study aims to explore the association between the methylation level of has-miR-3665 promoter and prognosis in ESCC.

Methods
Human miRNA data were downloaded from miRbase, and we identified CpG islands of these human miRNAs by genomics browser analysis. MiRNA methylation levels were detected by methylation-specific high-resolution melting. Gene ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were used to explore the molecular mechanism of hsa-miR-3665. Cox regression analysis was used to investigate prognostic factors. The overall survival rate was predicted by a nomogram.

Results
We found that 88 human miRNAs had promoter methylatio, of which 15 miRNAs were found to be epigenetically regulated in ESCC cells compared with their normal counterparts, including hsa-miR-3665. Meanwhile, hsa-miR-3665 expression was significantly lower in ESCC tumour tissue than in adjacent tissue (P = 0.03). GO and KEGG analyses demonstrated that the target genes are involved in protein transport, transcription regulator activity, MAPK and RAS signaling pathway. High hsa-miR-3665 promoter methylation levels were associated with a poor prognosis (HR = 3.89, 95% CI 1.11 ~ 13.55). Moreover, a nomogram incorporating the hsa-miR-3665 methylation level and clinical factors presented a good performance for predicting survival in the training and validation tests, with C-indices of 0.748 and 0.751, respectively.

Conclusions
High hsa-miR-3665 promoter methylation levels may be a potential biomarker for the progression of ESCC.