bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infertility, impaired fecundity, and live birth/pregnancy ratio in women with epilepsy in the USA: Findings of the Epilepsy Birth Control Registry
Authors: MacEachern Devon B. , Mandle Hannah B. , Herzog Andrew G. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo determine the current risks of infertility and impaired fecundity as well as the live birth/pregnancy ratio among women with epilepsy (WWE) in the USA and whether antiepileptic drug (AED) use is a factor.MethodsThese retrospective survey data come from the 2010‐2014 Epilepsy Birth Control Registry (EBCR) Web‐based survey of 1000 WWE in the USA, aged 18‐47 years, who provided demographic, epilepsy, AED, reproductive, and contraceptive data. We report risks of infertility and impaired fecundity, live birth/pregnancy ratio, and whether outcomes differ by AED use or category versus No AED.ResultsA total of 978 of the 1000 USA WWE reported reproductive data; 373 WWE had 724 pregnancies and 445 births. An additional 38 WWE (9.2%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 6.7‐12.4%) tried to conceive but were infertile. A total of 72.5% had a live birth outcome for their first pregnancy, 89.0% had at least one live birth for their first two pregnancies, and 61.6% had two live births for their first two pregnancies. Eighty‐four of 406 WWE (20.7%, 95% CI = 17.0‐2.9%) had impaired fecundity. The risk of impaired fecundity trended higher on AED polytherapy than on No AED (risk ratio [RR] = 1.79, 95% CI = 0.94‐3.11, P = .08). The ratio of live birth/unaborted pregnancy (445/594, 74.9%) was similar among WWE on No AED (71.3%), AED monotherapy (71.8%), and polytherapy (69.7%). None of the AED categories differed significantly from No AED. Note that glucuronidated AED (lamotrigine), which had the highest ratio of live birth/pregnancy (89.1%), compared favorably to enzyme‐inhibiting AED (valproate), which had the lowest (63.3%; RR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.05‐1.88, P = .02).SignificanceThe EBCR finds 9.2% infertility risk and 20.7% impaired fecundity risk among WWE in the USA. Impaired fecundity trended higher on AED polytherapy than on No AED. Live birth/pregnancy ratio was higher with the use of lamotrigine than valproate. These findings may provide WWE a more objective basis for pregnancy planning.
The effects of endometrial damage on placental and fetal development in a mare
Authors: Wilsher S. , De Rijck M. , Rigali F. , Allen W. R. 
Published: August 2019

SummaryA 13‐year‐old ex‐polo pony maiden mare with an extensively damaged endometrium was initially used as an embryo donor in a research herd. Embryos recovered from the mare were of normal morphology and size. Subsequently, the mare was inseminated and left pregnant. Early conceptus development was normal and she foaled a small (22 kg) but healthy filly after a gestation of 360 days. Examination of the placenta showed that development of the microcotyledons accurately reflected the damage to the uterus. Plasma progestagen profiles throughout gestation also provided evidence for placental pathology and fetal stress.
A method for fatigue testing of equine McIII subchondral bone under a simulated fast workout training programme
Authors: Shaktivesh  , Malekipour F. , Whitton C. , Lee P. V. S. 
Published: August 2019

SummaryBackgroundStandard fatigue testing of bone uses a single load and frequency applied until failure. However, in situ, the subchondral bone of Thoroughbred racehorses is subjected to a combination (or a spectrum) of loads and frequencies during training and racing.ObjectiveTo investigate the use of a fatigue testing method for equine third metacarpal (McIII) subchondral bone under a spectrum of loading conditions which a racehorse is likely to experience during a fast workout.Study designIn vitro biomechanical experimental study.MethodsMcIII subchondral bone specimens (n = 12) of racehorses were harvested from left and right medial condyles. A novel fatigue loading protocol was developed based upon a standard sequence of gaits during a typical fast workout protocol. This loading pattern, or loading loop, was repeated until the failure of the specimen.ResultsThe mean ± standard deviation for all specimens for total time‐to‐failure was 76,393 ± 64,243 s (equivalent to 18.3 ± 15.7 fast workouts). Ten of twelve specimens withstood at least one complete loop equivalent to a fast workout. All specimens failed during simulated gallop loading.Main limitationsThe resting time between loops was much shorter than in vivo resting time and specimens were unconfined during compressive testing.ConclusionsThis novel fatigue loading protocol more closely mimics in vivo fatigue loading of McIII subchondral bone and demonstrates the importance of the highest speeds in the development of subchondral bone injury.
The control, content, and consequences of edTPA: World language teacher educators’ perceptions
Authors: Hildebrandt Susan A. , Swanson Pete 
Published: August 2019

AbstractImplemented in almost 900 teacher education programs across 41 states and the District of Columbia, edTPA is marketed as a content‐specific, standardized portfolio assessment of beginning teacher performance. However, concerns about edTPA and its content specificity are pervasive. To that end, the researchers surveyed teacher educators with World Language (WL) edTPA experience (N = 88) to ascertain their perceptions of the assessment, including its impact on teacher candidates, teacher education programs, and clinical placements as well as the resources required, support experienced, and consequences perceived as a result of its implementation. Using a framework of teacher education accountability, the researchers explored issues of control, content, and consequences related to power relationships and the WL edTPA, centering on the assessment's intended content specificity, while recounting an ACTFL task force's efforts in 2016 to influence the assessment's content.
Addition of low dose acetazolamide as an adjunct in patients undergoing high dose methotrexate is safe and beneficial
Authors: Ku Matthew , Bazargan Ali , Tam Constantine 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐dose methotrexate (HDMTx) is utilised in central nervous system lymphoma and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia due to its ability to penetrate the blood–brain barrier. Despite its efficacy, nephrotoxicity is a potentially serious toxicity that could also exacerbate other methotrexate‐related toxicities and compromise dose intensity. Acetazolamide (AZL) is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that causes an increase in bicarbonate excretion and consequently urine alkalinisation. Following occurrences of HDMTx‐induced acute kidney injury (AKI) due to inadequate urine alkalinisation at our institution, routine AZL was administered to appropriate patients from 2010 onwards.AimsTo analyse the addition of AZL to routine renoprotective measures, given that inadequate urinary alkalinisation is the major risk factor for methotrexate crystal precipitation and prolonged excretion. In addition, since fluid overload is a common consequence of HDMTx treatment, the effect of AZL on fluid balance was also examined.MethodsThis is a retrospective, single‐centred cohort study examining the mitigation of HDMTx‐induced toxicities by AZL in 92 patients over a 6‐year period.ResultsAZL showed a strong trend of preventing either AKI (as per CTCAE version 4.03) or delayed methotrexate elimination (>5 days), especially in males. Furthermore, AZL also resulted in reduced weight gain and fewer episodes of urinary pH <7.0.ConclusionAZL appeared to diminish the incidence of HDMTx‐induced toxicities, including reducing oedema‐related weight gain. With mild, preventable hypokalaemia as the only noteworthy toxicity, AZL could be considered as an adjunct to HDMTx patient care.
Inducible T‐cell co‐stimulator: Signaling mechanisms in T follicular helper cells and beyond
Authors: Panneton Vincent , Chang Jinsam , Witalis Mariko , Li Joanna , Suh Woong‐Kyung 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHuman patients with homozygous null mutations in the ICOS gene suffer from recurrent infections due to humoral immune defects. Studies on human patients and mouse models have shown that inducible T‐cell co‐stimulator (ICOS)‐deficient individuals cannot form T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, a group of CD4 T cells that migrate into B cell follicles and facilitate germinal center (GC) reactions. ICOS‐induced phosphoinositide 3‐kinase signaling pathways have been shown to play critical roles in Tfh programming, migration of Tfh cells into the GC, and delivery of T cell help during Tfh‐GC B cell conjugation. These processes are also assisted by ICOS‐mediated intracellular calcium mobilization and TANK‐binding kinase 1 signaling. However, ICOS signaling also has stimulatory roles in T regulatory cells and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), providing another layer of complexity. In this review, we discuss cell‐type‐specific signaling mechanisms utilized by ICOS in Tfh cells, T regulatory cells, and ILCs. Whenever relevant, we compare the roles and signaling pathways of ICOS and CD28. Understanding ICOS signal transduction mechanisms used by distinct immune subsets at different stages of immune responses or disease progression may help improve vaccination protocols, treat autoimmune diseases, and enhance cancer immunotherapy.
Regulation of immune system development and function by Cbl‐mediated ubiquitination
Authors: Li Xin , Gong Liying , Gu Hua 
Published: August 2019

AbstractUbiquitination is a form of posttranslational protein modification that affects the activity of target proteins by regulating their intracellular degradation, trafficking, localization, and association with other regulators. Recent studies have placed protein ubiquitination as an important regulatory mode to control immune system development, function, and pathogenesis. In this review, we will mainly update the research progress from our laboratory on the roles of the Cbl family of E3 ubiquitin ligases in the development and function of lymphocytes and non‐lymphoid cells. In addition, we will highlight our current understanding of the mechanisms used by this family of proteins, especially Cbl and Cbl‐b, to co‐ordinately regulate the function of various receptors and transcription factors in the context of immune regulation and diseases.
A prolonged QTc‐interval at the emergency department: Should we always be prepared for the worst?
Authors: Vandenberk Bert , Siau Caroline , Vandael Eline , Puype Laura , Branders Jordi , Dewolf Philippe , Foulon Veerle , Willems Rik , Verelst Sandra 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionQTc‐interval prolongation is associated with ventricular arrhythmias and mortality in a general population. Bazett's correction formula (QTcB) is routinely used despite its overcorrection at high heart rates. Recently, we proposed a patient‐specific QT correcting algorithm (QTcA) resulting in improved rate correction and predictive value in a general population. We hypothesize risk stratification at the Emergency Department (ED) could be improved using QTcA.Methods and ResultsA retrospective case‐control study including a randomized age‐ and sex‐matched control population was performed at a tertiary care ED. A total of 1930 patients were included in the analysis (63.0% males, age 71.5 ± 15.6 years). Patient characteristics, history, and test results at the time of the electrocardiogram were collected. QTc was dichotomized as prolonged (>450 millisecond for men, >470 millisecond for women) or severely prolonged (>500 millisecond). Implementation of QTcA would reduce the number of patients considered to have a prolonged QTc by 65.2%, for severely prolonged QTc 79.6%. Multivariate regression was performed for in‐hospital mortality, cardiovascular endpoints, and hospital admission. Neither a prolonged QTcB (HR 1.04; 95% CI, 0.64‐1.69) nor QTcA (HR 0.76; 95% CI, 0.42‐1.38) was an independent predictor of in‐hospital mortality. A severely prolonged QTcA (OR, 2.54; 95% CI, 1.04‐6.23) was an independent predictor of cardiovascular events. Both a prolonged QTcA (OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.06‐2.18) and a prolonged QTcB (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.05‐1.79) were associated with higher hospitalization rates.ConclusionsQTcA reduced the number of patients considered at risk. Neither QTcB nor QTcA were predictors of in‐hospital mortality. A severely prolonged QTcA was associated with cardiovascular events.
Different Definitions of Elder Mistreatment and Mortality: A Prospective Cohort Study From 2011 to 2017
Authors: Li Mengting , Liang Ying , Dong XinQi 
Published: August 2019

OBJECTIVESTo investigate the relationship between different definitions and subtypes of elder mistreatment (EM) and yearly mortality.DESIGNPopulation‐based epidemiological study.SETTINGGreater Chicago area.PARTICIPANTSChinese Americans aged 60 and older (N=3,157).MEASUREMENTSData were collected from 2011 to 2017, with mortality data collected over the subsequent 4 years. Face‐to‐face in‐home interviews were conducted. EM was measured using a brief screening tool (10 items) and a detailed assessment (56 items) and defined using different criteria for overall and specific subtypes of EM. Mortality was ascertained during follow‐up. Cox proportional hazards models were used.RESULTSFour hundred seventy‐five (15.2%) participants reported EM. Severe and moderate EM were associated with greater risk of 1‐year (hazard ratio (HR)=2.51, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.04–6.03; HR=2.55, 95% CI=1.08–6.03), 2‐year (HR=1.68, 95% CI=1.01–2.78; HR=1.69, 95% CI=1.04–2.74), 3‐year (HR=1.73, 95% CI=1.17–2.55; HR=1.73, 95% CI=1.19–2.51) and 4‐year (HR=1.51, 95% CI=1.08–2.10; HR=1.48, 95% CI=1.08–2.04) mortality. A broad definition of EM was associated with greater risk of 3‐year and 4‐year mortality. With respect to subtypes of EM, psychological mistreatment and caregiver neglect were associated with greater mortality risk, whereas the relationships between psychological mistreatment, caregiver neglect and mortality risk varied according to definitional criteria.DISCUSSIONDifferent definitions and subtypes of EM had different associations with mortality in Chinese‐American older adults. This study challenges assumptions about consequences of EM and calls for customized interventions for EM in minority populations. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:S506–S512, 2019.
Sex Differences in the Prevalence and Incidence of Cognitive Impairment: Does Immigration Matter?
Authors: Tang Fengyan , Chi Iris , Dong XinQi 
Published: August 2019

OBJECTIVESWe aimed to examine the associations between immigration‐related factors and prevalent and incident cognitive impairment (CI) and whether the associations varied by sex among US Chinese older adults.DESIGNTwo‐wave prospective study.SETTINGThe greater Chicago area.PARTICIPANTSCommunity‐dwelling adults aged 60 and older who self‐identified as Chinese, who were interviewed at two time points during 2011‐2013 (N = 3157) and 2013‐2015 (N = 2713).MEASUREMENTSCI was assessed by the 30‐item Chinese Mini‐Mental State Examination (C‐MMSE). CI prevalence was determined by the percentage of respondents whose C‐MMSE score was below 18 at baseline (N = 3033), and CI incidence was determined by the percentage of the respondents whose score was 18 or above at baseline (N = 2443) but dropped below 18 at wave 2. Immigration‐related factors included age at migration, immigration reasons, and acculturation.RESULTSThe CI prevalence rate was 7.62% at baseline, and the incidence rate was 5.12% at wave 2. Women were more likely than men to have CI, consisting of 77.06% and 75.20% among persons with CI at the time points. None of the immigration‐related factors were related to CI prevalence and incidence. Older age, fewer years of education, and more instrumental activities of daily living limitations were risk factors of CI in the whole, male, and female samples.CONCLUSIONOlder Chinese women were generally disadvantaged in cognition and overall health as compared with older Chinese men. Yet immigration experience does not link to CI for both men and women after equalizing the well‐established effects of age and education on cognition. Future research needs to investigate whether the risk of CI in late life is related to the biological and contextual factors earlier in the life course. Decreasing sex disparities in the risk of dementia may focus on reducing educational and health disparities in the early life stage. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:S513–S518, 2019.
Sense of Filial Obligation and Caregiving Burdens Among Chinese Immigrants in the United States
Authors: Guo Man , Kim Sohyun , Dong XinQi 
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESFocusing on Chinese immigrants, this study examined (1) whether filial obligation, the core social norm in the Chinese culture, is related to caregiving burdens; and (2) whether level of acculturation of the caregivers moderates the above relationships.DESIGNCross‐sectional.SETTINGChicago, Illinois.PARTICIPANTSA purposive sample of 393 Chinese adult immigrants who were primary caregivers of parents aged 60 years or older.MEASURESSense of filial obligation was captured by felt responsibility toward parents in six domains (respect, make happy, care, greet, obey, and provide financial support). Caregiving burdens were measured by the Caregiver Burden Inventory. Acculturation was measured by 12 questions about respondents' language preference in different settings and ethnicity of individuals they interact with.RESULTSA stronger sense of filial obligation was significantly associated with lower levels of developmental (β = −.15), emotional (β = −.18), social (β = −.20), and physical (β = −.10) burdens. For subjective burdens (developmental, social burdens), such a protective effect of filial obligation was stronger among caregivers with lower acculturation levels. For more objective burdens (time‐dependent, physical burdens), stronger filial obligation was actually associated with greater burdens among caregivers with higher acculturation levels.CONCLUSIONPrograms focusing on celebrating the cultural heritage of immigrants and improving the relationship between the parents and children may be helpful to reduce caregiving burdens. Intervention programs that help Chinese immigrant caregivers to find the most appropriate way to balance traditional and new social norms are important to provide successful care to aging Chinese immigrants. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:S564–S570, 2019.
The Impact of Intergenerational Relationship on Health and Well‐Being of Older Chinese Americans
Authors: Lai Daniel W.L. , Lee Vincent W.P. , Li Jia , Dong XinQi 
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESAmong older adults, intergenerational support can help to improve well‐being. This study examines the correlation between intergenerational relationships and the subjective well‐being among older Chinese immigrants in the United States.DESIGNHierarchical multiple regression analyses were applied to test the association between intergenerational relationships and self‐rated well‐being. The mediating effects of sense of control and the moderation effects of support from friends were also tested.SAMPLEA cross‐sectional sample of 2717 older Chinese immigrants, aged 60 years and older, with children and grandchildren was drawn from the Population Study of Chinese Elderly.MEASUREMENTSStudy measures included four items concerning intergenerational relationships: the Pearlin Mastery Scale, two items on seeking support from friends, and single items measuring self‐rated health status and quality of life.RESULTSOnly the feeling of closeness with children was positively linked with subjective well‐being, while coresidence and frequency of talking were not. Support from friends moderated the association with self‐rated health status, while sense of control partially mediated the association between feeling of closeness and both self‐rated health status and quality of life.CONCLUSIONA stronger sense of closeness with children correlates to self‐rated health status and quality of life among older Chinese immigrants. The effects of sociocultural changes affecting Chinese American families, and potential implications for older adults' health, could be addressed through strategies to develop emotional closeness with their families and to support sense of control and well‐being among older Chinese adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:S557–S563, 2019.
Oral lesions and associated factors in breast cancer survivors
Authors: Jardim Luísa Comerlato , Flores Priscila Trindade , de Araújo Sensever Felipe , Araújo Maria do Carmo dos Santos , de Moraes Cristina Machado Bragança , Chiesa Juares , Antoniazzi Raquel Pippi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimTo evaluate the prevalence of oral lesions (OL) and associated factors among survivors of breast cancer (BC).MethodsA cross‐sectional study involving 150 BC survivors was conducted at a public hospital in southern Brazil. Data were collected on socioeconomic aspects, treatment characteristics and oral problems. The decayed, missing and filled teeth index and the occurrence of OL were evaluated. Logistic regression was performed to determine independent variables associated with the outcome.Results24% of the women had at least 1 OL and 33.3% of these had more than one lesion. Melanotic macule was the most prevalent lesion. Duration of tamoxifen use, radiotherapy, missing teeth and xerostomia were associated with the occurrence of OL (P < .05). In the adjusted analysis, women with more than 13 missing teeth and xerostomia had 2.39‐fold (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06‐5.40) and 2.71‐fold (95% CI, 1.14‐6.42), respectively, greater odds of exhibiting OL.ConclusionApproximately 1/4 of the BC survivors exhibited OL, which were associated with tooth loss and xerostomia. These findings could assist in the establishment of oral health strategies for women with BC.
Telomere shortening in the oral epithelium in relation to alcohol intake, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH‐1B), and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH‐2) genotypes and clinicopathologic features
Authors: Aida Junko , Yokoyama Akira , Hara Sachiko , Ishizaki Tatsuro , Fujiwara Mutsunori , Arai Tomio , Ishiwata Toshiyuki , Takubo Kaiyo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundProgressive telomere shortening with age or chronic inflammation may lead to genomic instability that characterizes the early stage of carcinogenesis. Certain risk factors, such as drinking alcoholic beverages or smoking, predispose the oral mucosa to squamous cell carcinoma. The ADH1B and ALDH2 genotypes can influence the risk of cancer due to alcohol drinking. In the present study, we analyzed chromosomal instability due to telomere shortening in the oral mucosa in relation to cancer risk factors.DesignUsing our quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization (Q‐FISH) technique, we estimated telomere lengths (TL) in the background mucosa from 23 cases of mucosal carcinoma, 12 cases of oral epithelial dysplasia, and 21 non‐neoplasia cases. ALDH2 and ADH1B genotypes were determined using DNA extracted from paraffin sections. We analyzed TL in relation to alcohol drinking, smoking, and cancer multiplicity.ResultsTelomeres in the backgrounds of dysplasia and mucosal carcinoma were significantly shorter than in controls. In comparison with adult controls, telomeres were significantly (P = .038) shorter in the ADH1B less‐active type (ADH1B*1/*1), but not (P = .841) in the ALDH2 inactive type (ALDH2*1/*2 or *2/*2). Cancer multiplicity and smoking had no significant relationship with TL.ConclusionTelomeres in the oral epithelium are shorter in cases of oral dysplasia or mucosal carcinoma than in non‐neoplasia. Unlike the esophageal epithelium of alcoholics, they are also shorter in individuals with the less‐active rather than the active ADH1B gene. Telomeres in the oral epithelium may be directly affected by alcohol drinking.