bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring vision using innate behaviours in mice with intact and impaired retina function
Authors: Storchi R. , Rodgers J. , Gracey M. , Martial F. P. , Wynne J. , Ryan S. , Twining C. J. , Cootes T. F. , Killick R. , Lucas R. J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMeasuring vision in rodents is a critical step for understanding vision, improving models of human disease, and developing therapies. Established behavioural tests for perceptual vision, such as the visual water task, rely on learning. The learning process, while effective for sighted animals, can be laborious and stressful in animals with impaired vision, requiring long periods of training. Current tests that that do not require training are based on sub-conscious, reflex responses (e.g. optokinetic nystagmus) that don’t require involvement of visual cortex and higher order thalamic nuclei. A potential alternative for measuring vision relies on using visually guided innate defensive responses, such as escape or freeze, that involve cortical and thalamic circuits. In this study we address this possibility in mice with intact and degenerate retinas. We first develop automatic methods to detect behavioural responses based on high dimensional tracking and changepoint detection of behavioural time series. Using those methods, we show that visually guided innate responses can be elicited using parametisable stimuli, and applied to describing the limits of visual acuity in healthy animals and discriminating degrees of visual dysfunction in mouse models of retinal degeneration.
Plant growth regulators interact with elevated temperature to alter heat stress signaling via the Unfolded Protein Response in maize
Authors: Neill Elena M. , Byrd Michael C. R. , Billman Thomas , Brandizzi Federica , Stapleton Ann E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPlants are increasingly exposed to high temperatures, which can cause accumulation of unfolded protein in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). This condition, known as ER stress, evokes the unfolded protein response (UPR), a cytoprotective signaling pathway. One important branch of the UPR is regulated by splicing of bZIP60 mRNA by the IRE1 stress sensor. There is increasing evidence that commercial plant growth regulators may protect against abiotic stressors including heat stress and drought, but there is very little mechanistic information about these effects or about the regulatory pathways involved. We evaluated evidence in the B73 Zea mays inbred for differences in the activity of the UPR between permissive and elevated temperature in conjunction with plant growth regulator application. Treatment with elevated temperature and plant growth regulators increased UPR activation, as assessed by an increase in splicing of the mRNA of the IRE1 target bZIP60 following paclobutrazol treatment. We propose that plant growth regulator treatment induces bZIP60 mRNA splicing which ‘primes’ plants for rapid adaptive response to subsequent endoplasmic reticulum-stress inducing conditions.
Effect of cover crops on the yield and nutrient concentration of organic kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala)
Authors: Thavarajah Dil , Siva Niroshan , Johnson Nathan , McGee Rebecca , Thavarajah Pushparajah 
Published: July 2019

AbstractKale is a leafy green vegetable regularly grown using non-organic agricultural systems. In recent years, organic kale demand has increased at near-doubling rates in the USA due to its perceived nutritional value. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of organic cover cropping systems on subsequent kale biomass production and nutrient composition (protein, mineral, and prebiotic carbohydrate concentrations) and to assess organic kale as a potential whole food source of daily essential mineral micronutrients and prebiotic carbohydrates. A single 100-g serving of fresh organic kale can provide mineral micronutrients (43–438 mg Ca; 11–60 mg Mg; 28–102 mg P; 0.5–3.3 mg Fe; 0.3–1.3 mg Mn; 1–136 µg Cu; and 0–35 µg Se) as well as 5.7–8.7 g of total prebiotic carbohydrates, including sugar alcohols (0.4–6.6 mg), simple sugars (6–1507 mg), raffinose and fructooligosaccharides (0.8–169 mg), hemicellulose (77–763 mg), lignin (0–90 mg), and unknown dietary fiber (5–6 g). Fresh organic kale has low to moderate concentrations of protein (1.3–6.0 g/100 g). Study results indicate that Starbor and Red Russian are the most suitable kale cultivars for organic production without considerable biomass and nutrient composition losses. Among the cover crops, faba bean results in the highest mineral, protein, and prebiotic carbohydrate concentrations in subsequent kale crops but ryegrass increases kale biomass production. Results also demonstrated a significant interaction between kale variety and organic cover crop with respect to biomass and nutrient concentration. Future organic nutritional breeding of kale is possible by selecting cultivars that perform well following different cover crops.
No impact of transgenic cry1Ie maize on the diversity, abundance and composition of soil fauna in a 2-year field trial
Authors: Fan Chunmiao , Wu Fengci , Dong Jinye , Wang Baifeng , Yin Junqi , Song Xinyuan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSoil fauna play an essential role in the soil ecosystem, but they may be influenced by insecticidal Cry proteins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) maize. In this study, a 2-year field trial was conducted to study the effects of transgenic cry1Ie maize, a type of Bt maize (Event IE09S034), on soil fauna, with the near-isogenic line non-Bt maize (Zong 31) as a control. The soil animals were collected with Macfadyen heat extractor and hand-sorting methods, respectively, and their diversity, abundance and community composition were calculated. Then, the effects of maize type, year, sampling time and soil environmental factors on the soil fauna were evaluated by repeated-measures ANOVA, redundancy analysis (RDA) and nonmetric multidimensional scaling (nMDS). Repeated-measures ANOVA showed that the diversity and abundance of the soil fauna were not affected by maize type, while they were significantly influenced by year and sampling time. Furthermore, for both the Macfadyen and hand-sorting methods, RDA indicated that soil fauna community composition was not correlated with maize type (Bt and non-Bt maize) but was significantly correlated with year, sampling time and root biomass. In addition, it was significantly related to soil pH according to the hand-sorting method. nMDS indicated that soil fauna community composition was significantly correlated with year and sampling time; however, it was not associated with maize type. In this study, we collected soil faunal samples according to the Macfadyen and hand-sorting methods and processed the obtained data with ANOVA, RDA, and nMDS in three ways, and our data indicate that transgenic cry1Ie maize (Event IE09S034) had no substantial influence on the diversity, abundance or community composition of the soil fauna.
Optical nonlinearities in ultra-silicon-rich nitride characterized using z-scan measurements
Authors: Sohn Byoung-Uk , Choi Ju Won , Ng Doris K. T. , Tan Dawn T. H. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe dispersive nonlinear refractive index of ultra-silicon-rich nitride, and its two-photon and three-photon absorption coefficients are measured in the wavelength range between 0.8 µm–1.6 µm, covering the O- to L – telecommunications bands. In the two-photon absorption range, the measured nonlinear coefficients are compared to theoretically calculated values with a simple parabolic band structure. Two-photon absorption is observed to exist only at wavelengths lower than 1.2 μm. The criterion for all-optical switching through the material is investigated and it is shown that ultra-silicon-rich nitride is a good material in the three-photon absorption region, which spans the entire O- to L- telecommunications bands.
A Universal Strategy for Stretchable Polymer Nonvolatile Memory via Tailoring Nanostructured Surfaces
Authors: Ban Chaoyi , Wang Xiangjing , Zhou Zhe , Mao Huiwu , Cheng Shuai , Zhang Zepu , Liu Zhengdong , Li Hai , Liu Juqing , Huang Wei 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBuilding stretchable memory is an effective strategy for developing next-generation memory technologies toward stretchable and wearable electronics. Here we demonstrate a universal strategy for the fabrication of high performance stretchable polymer memory via tailoring surface morphology, in which common conjugated polymers and sharp reduced graphene oxide (r-rGO) films are used as active memristive layers and conductive electrodes, respectively. The fabricated devices feature write-once-read-many-times (WORM) memory, with a low switching voltage of 1.1 V, high ON/OFF current ratio of 104, and an ideal long retention time over 12000 s. Sharp surface-induced resistive switching behavior has been proposed to explore the electrical transition. Moreover, the polymer memory show reliable electrical bistable properties with a stretchability up to 30%, demonstrating their great potential candidates as high performance stretchable memory in soft electronics.
RNA sequencing analysis revealed the induction of CCL3 expression in human intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Aoki Tomohiro , Koseki Hirokazu , Miyata Haruka , Itoh Masayoshi , Kawaji Hideya , Takizawa Katsumi , Kawashima Akitsugu , Ujiie Hiroshi , Higa Takashi , Minamimura Kenzo , Kimura Toshikazu , Kasuya Hidetoshi , Nozaki Kazuhiko , Morita Akio , Sano Hirotoshi , Narumiya Shuh 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntracranial aneurysm (IA) is a socially important disease as a major cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Recent experimental studies mainly using animal models have revealed a crucial role of macrophage-mediated chronic inflammatory responses in its pathogenesis. However, as findings from comprehensive analysis of unruptured human IAs are limited, factors regulating progression and rupture of IAs in humans remain unclear. Using surgically dissected human unruptured IA lesions and control arterial walls, gene expression profiles were obtained by RNA sequence analysis. RNA sequencing analysis was done with read count about 60~100 million which yielded 6~10 billion bases per sample. 79 over-expressed and 329 under-expressed genes in IA lesions were identified. Through Gene Ontology analysis, ‘chemokine activity’, ‘defense response’ and ‘extracellular region’ were picked up as over-represented terms which included CCL3 and CCL4 in common. Among these genes, quantitative RT-PCR analysis using another set of samples reproduced the above result. Finally, increase of CCL3 protein compared with that in control arterial walls was clarified in IA lesions. Findings of the present study again highlight importance of macrophage recruitment via CCL3 in the pathogenesis of IA progression.
RIPK1 inhibitor Cpd-71 attenuates renal dysfunction in cisplatin-treated mice via attenuating necroptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress
Authors: Wang Jia-nan , Liu Ming-ming , Wang Fang , Wei Biao , Yang Qin , Cai Yu-ting , Chen Xin , Liu Xue-qi , Jiang Ling , Li Chao , Hu Xiao-wei , Yu Ju-tao , Ma Tao-tao , Jin Juan , Wu Yong-gui , Li Jun , Meng Xiao-ming 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a destructive clinical condition induced by multiple insults including ischemic reperfusion, nephrotoxic drugs and sepsis. It is characterized by a sudden decline in renal function, in addition to excessive inflammation, oxidative stress and programmed cell death of renal tubular epithelial cells. RIPK1-mediated necroptosis plays an important role in AKI. In the present study, we evaluated the treatment effects of Compound-71 (Cpd-71), a novel RIPK1 inhibitor, by comparing with Necrostatin-1 (Nec-1), a classic RIPK1 inhibitor, which has several drawbacks like the narrow structure–activity relationship (SAR) profile, moderate potency and non-ideal pharmacokinetic properties, in vivo and in vitro. Our results showed that pretreatment of Cpd-71 attenuated cisplatin-induced renal injury, restored renal function and suppressed renal inflammation, oxidative stress and cell necroptosis. In addition, Cpd-71 inhibited renal damage while reducing the up-regulated serum creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels in established AKI mice model. Consistently, we confirmed that Cpd-71 exhibited more effectively suppressive effect on cisplatin-induced renal tubular cell necroptosis than Nec-1, by physically binding to the allosteric type III ligand binding site of RIPK1, thereby reduced RIPK1 kinase activity, RIPK1/RIPK3 complex formation and phosphor-MLKL membrane translocation by molecular docking, Western blot, co-immunoprecipitation and cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA). Taken together, we currently showed that targeting RIPK1 with Cpd-71 may serve as a promising clinical candidate for AKI treatment.
Dense cores and star formation in the giant molecular cloud Vela C
Authors: Massi F. , Weiss A. , Elia D. , Csengeri T. , Schisano E. , Giannini T. , Hill T. , Lorenzetti D. , Menten K. , Olmi L. , Schuller F. , Strafella F. , De Luca M. , Motte F. , Wyrowski F. 
Published: July 2019

Context. The Vela Molecular Ridge is one of the nearest (700 pc) giant molecular cloud (GMC) complexes hosting intermediate-mass (up to early B, late O stars) star formation, and is located in the outer Galaxy, inside the Galactic plane. Vela C is one of the GMCs making up the Vela Molecular Ridge, and exhibits both sub-regions of robust and sub-regions of more quiescent star formation activity, with both low- and intermediate(high)-mass star formation in progress.
Aims. We aim to study the individual and global properties of dense dust cores in Vela C, and aim to search for spatial variations in these properties which could be related to different environmental properties and/or evolutionary stages in the various sub-regions of Vela C.
Methods. We mapped the submillimetre (345 GHz) emission from vela C with LABOCA (beam size ~19′′2, spatial resolution ~0.07 pc at 700 pc) at the APEX telescope. We used the clump-finding algorithm CuTEx to identify the compact submillimetre sources. We also used SIMBA (250 GHz) observations, and Herschel and WISE ancillary data. The association with WISE red sources allowed the protostellar and starless cores to be separated, whereas the Herschel dataset allowed the dust temperature to be derived for a fraction of cores. The protostellar and starless core mass functions (CMFs) were constructed following two different approaches, achieving a mass completeness limit of 3.7 M⊙.
Results. We retrieved 549 submillimetre cores, 316 of which are starless and mostly gravitationally bound (therefore prestellar in nature). Both the protostellar and the starless CMFs are consistent with the shape of a Salpeter initial mass function in the high-mass part of the distribution. Clustering of cores at scales of 1–6 pc is also found, hinting at fractionation of magnetised, turbulent gas.
Psychometrische Evaluation und Normwerte einer Ultrakurzform der Sense of Coherence Scale “SOC-3”
Authors: Schmalbach Bjarne , Tibubos Ana Nanette , Zenger Markus , Hinz Andreas , Brähler Elmar 
Published: July 2019

ZusammenfassungKohärenzsinn ist eine psychische Ressource, die maßgeblich zu einem adaptiven Coping im Umgang mit belastenden Situationen beiträgt. In der vorliegenden Studie untersuchen wir eine Ultrakurzform der Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC-3) in einer repräsentativen Stichprobe der deutschen Bevölkerung (N=2.018). Das 3-Item-Modell wies exzellente Gütekriterien sowie eine akzeptable Reliabilität auf. Über Altersgruppen und Geschlecht konnte partielle strikte Messinvarianz des Modells nachgewiesen werden. In Bezug auf Konstruktvalidität demonstrierten unsere Analysen starke Überschneidungen der SOC-3 mit längeren SOC-Versionen (−9 und−29). Analog zu den SOC-Langversionen wurden erwartungsgemäße Zusammenhänge der SOC-3 mit verwandten Konstrukten wie Bindungstypen, körperlicher und mentaler Gesundheit und Lebenszufriedenheit repliziert. Erstmalig werden Normwerte der SOC-3 für die deutsche Bevölkerung präsentiert, um die Einordnung individueller Scores zu ermöglichen. Wir empfehlen die SOC-3 als Screener für angewandte Forschung und insbesondere für Befragungen mit großen Stichproben.
NSAID Enteropathy: A Review of the Disease Entity and Its Distinction from Crohn’s Enteropathy
Authors: Raju Smita Esther , Singh Rajvinder , Raju Mahima 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced enteropathy is an increasingly recognized entity. Patients of older age and those suffering from conditions such as arthritis requiring long term NSAIDs are thought to be at greater risk. Introduction of enteroscopic techniques has greatly improved understanding of NSAID-related small intestinal injury. Complementary high-resolution cross-sectional imaging techniques aid in initial evaluation and for exclusion of alternative etiology. Erosions, superficial ulcerations, and short segment strictures are the most commonly described findings. The diagnosis of the condition lies in obtaining relevant history in addition to a high degree of suspicion during investigation of anemia, obscure gastrointestinal bleeding, small bowel obstruction, and protein losing enteropathy. Herein, the authors present a review of pathogenesis and imaging findings of NSAID enteropathy with particular emphasis on distinction from Crohn’s enteropathy.
Radioanatomical Study of the Pedicle of the Superficial Circumflex Iliac Perforator Flap
Authors: Gentileschi Stefano , Servillo Maria , De Bonis Francesca , Albanese Roberta , Pino Valentina , Mangialardi Maria Lucia , Valente Iacopo , Garganese Giorgia , Scambia Giovanni , Salgarello Marzia , Cina Alessandro 
Published: July 2019

Background The superficial circumflex iliac perforator (SCIP) flap has many ideal features, such as fast dissection, possibility to harvest thin, pliable, wide skin island, and concealed donor site scar. In spite of these features, its use was limited because of the wide anatomical variation of the pedicle, which is relatively shorter and has a smaller caliber than other more popular perforator flaps. Several names were given to the branches and perforators in the literature, thus adding confusion to the understanding of its anatomy.
Methods We performed a surgical and a radioanatomical study of the SCIP pedicles analyzing high-resolution contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan of 95 groins, with particular attention to the deep branch (DB) of the superficial circumflex iliac artery (SCIA). Twenty-three of these patients were also studied by detecting the surgical anatomy during SCIP flap harvest. We employed a system of coordinates based on the line between pubic tubercle (PT) and anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) to describe the position of the perforator of the DB.
Results We found a 100% correlation between surgical and radiological findings. The length of the DB from the origin to the point in which its perforator pierced the sartorius fascia ranged from 1.6 to 6.5 cm, mean = 3.62 ± 0.92 cm. The distance between the origin of the DB and the inguinal ligament ranged from 1.1 to 7.5 cm, mean = 2.8 ± 1 cm. The perforator of the DB could be found in 91% of the cases within a box of 4 cm × 3 cm drawn caudally to the line joining the PT with the ASIS. This vessel can show a vertical or horizontal course in the subcutaneous layer.
Conclusion Our findings confirm other previous studies and add new information about the position and the course of the perforator of the DB of the SCIA. Important features of the SCIP pedicles can be investigated by the color Doppler ultrasound and CT scan.
Considerations for Timing of Defect Reconstruction in Cutaneous Melanoma of the Head and Neck
Authors: Namin Arya W. , Cornell Georgeanne E. , Smith Emily H. , Zitsch Robert P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe objective of this study is to identify the incidence and characteristics of cases with positive margins on wide local excision for cutaneous melanoma of the head and neck (CMHN) and therefore provide a potential basis for selectively delaying reconstruction pending final histological clearance of melanoma. A systematic review of English language articles was performed on studies retrieved from PubMed and Web of Science. Original investigations published between July 1999 and June 2018 reporting on margin status of CMHN wide local excision specimens were included in the review. The incidence of positive margins after definitive resection for cutaneous melanoma in the literature ranges from 6 to 20.9%. The incidence is higher in cases of advanced patient age, diagnosis by shave biopsy, lentigo maligna melanoma subtype, desmoplastic subtype, tumor thickness, and ulceration. Delayed reconstruction remains the most oncologically sound decision, allowing for interpretation of margin status on paraffin-embedded tissue sections. However, resection and the resultant defect closure in a single stage is more expedient and potentially a more efficient use of resources. The risk–benefit ratio of immediate versus delayed reconstruction must be considered for each case. The incidence of positive margins is higher in cases of advanced patient age, diagnosis by shave biopsy, lentigo maligna melanoma subtype, desmoplastic subtype, increasing tumor thickness, and the presence of ulceration; delayed reconstruction should be strongly considered in these cases.
Intrinsically motivated collective motion
Authors: Charlesworth Henry J. , Turner Matthew S. 
Published: July 2019

Significance
Our study invokes a low-level principle that we believe might motivate animal behavior in general and collective motion in particular—the principle that an agent seeks to increase the number of states that it is able to encounter in the future. This principle should confer evolutionary fitness for rather general reasons that we discuss. We report how the collective motion that emerges from this principle is similar to that seen in animal systems. In particular, coalignment, cohesion, and collision avoidance all emerge naturally, even though none of these are encoded in the principle itself. In this sense, our work proposes a low-level origin for the emergence of collective motion in animal systems.
Opening TRPP2 (
PKD2L1
) requires the transfer of gating charges
Authors: Ng Leo C. T. , Vien Thuy N. , Yarov-Yarovoy Vladimir , DeCaen Paul G. 
Published: July 2019

Significance
Dysfunction of polycystin TRP channels (TRPPs) is associated with polycystic kidney disease (PKD), but their biophysical and structural regulation is poorly understood. We report that TRPP2 voltage sensor activation is required to open the conducting pore, regardless of polymodal stimuli. Each of the 4 voltage sensor domains delivers at least 1 gating charge prior to TRPP2 channel opening while forming state-dependent cation–π interactions. Since these interacting positions are conserved among voltage-gated ion channels, we propose that this canonical gating mechanism was preserved during TRPP2 evolution. Our results provide a structural framework for understanding the regulation of TRPP2 in cilia and plasma membranes.