bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ZIKV infection induces robust Th1-like Tfh cell and long-term protective antibody responses in immunocompetent mice
Authors: Liang Huabin , Tang Jinyi , Liu Zhihua , Liu Yuanhua , Huang Yuanyuan , Xu Yongfen , Hao Pei , Yin Zhinan , Zhong Jin , Ye Lilin , Jin Xia , Wang Haikun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractInduction of long-lived antibody responses during infection or vaccination is often essential for subsequent protection, but the relative contributions of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and T helper 1 (Th1) cells for induction of antigen specific antibody responses to viruses are unclear. Here, we establish an acute Zika virus (ZIKV) infection model in immunocompetent mice, and show that ZIKV infection elicits robust Th1-like Tfh cell and protective antibody responses. While these Th1-like Tfh cells share phenotypic and transcriptomic profiles with both Tfh and Th1 cells, they also have unique surface markers and gene expression characteristics, and are dependent on T-bet for their development. Th1-like Tfh cells, but not Th1 cells, are essential for class switching of ZIKV-specific IgG2c antibodies and maintenance of long-term neutralizing antibody responses. Our study suggests that specific modulation of the Th1-like Tfh cell response during infection or vaccination may augment the induction of antiviral antibody response to ZIKV and other viruses.
Micro-/nano-voids guided two-stage film cracking on bioinspired assemblies for high-performance electronics
Authors: Miao Weining , Yao Yuxing , Zhang Zhiwei , Ma Chunping , Li Shengzhe , Tang Jiayue , Liu He , Liu Zemin , Wang Dianyu , Camburn Michael A. , Fang Jen-Chun , Hao Ruiran , Fang Xinyu , Zheng Shuang , Hu Nan , Wang Xiaoguang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCurrent metal film-based electronics, while sensitive to external stretching, typically fail via uncontrolled cracking under a relatively small strain (~30%), which restricts their practical applications. To address this, here we report a design approach inspired by the stereocilia bundles of a cochlea that uses a hierarchical assembly of interfacial nanowires to retard penetrating cracking. This structured surface outperforms its flat counterparts in stretchability (130% versus 30% tolerable strain) and maintains high sensitivity (minimum detection of 0.005% strain) in response to external stimuli such as sounds and mechanical forces. The enlarged stretchability is attributed to the two-stage cracking process induced by the synergy of micro-voids and nano-voids. In-situ observation confirms that at low strains micro-voids between nanowire clusters guide the process of crack growth, whereas at large strains new cracks are randomly initiated from nano-voids among individual nanowires.
RST1 and RIPR connect the cytosolic RNA exosome to the Ski complex in Arabidopsis
Authors: Lange Heike , Ndecky Simon Y. A. , Gomez-Diaz Carlos , Pflieger David , Butel Nicolas , Zumsteg Julie , Kuhn Lauriane , Piermaria Christina , Chicher Johana , Christie Michael , Karaaslan Ezgi S. , Lang Patricia L. M. , Weigel Detlef , Vaucheret Hervé , Hammann Philippe , Gagliardi Dominique 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe RNA exosome is a key 3’−5’ exoribonuclease with an evolutionarily conserved structure and function. Its cytosolic functions require the co-factors SKI7 and the Ski complex. Here we demonstrate by co-purification experiments that the ARM-repeat protein RESURRECTION1 (RST1) and RST1 INTERACTING PROTEIN (RIPR) connect the cytosolic Arabidopsis RNA exosome to the Ski complex. rst1 and ripr mutants accumulate RNA quality control siRNAs (rqc-siRNAs) produced by the post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) machinery when mRNA degradation is compromised. The small RNA populations observed in rst1 and ripr mutants are also detected in mutants lacking the RRP45B/CER7 core exosome subunit. Thus, molecular and genetic evidence supports a physical and functional link between RST1, RIPR and the RNA exosome. Our data reveal the existence of additional cytosolic exosome co-factors besides the known Ski subunits. RST1 is not restricted to plants, as homologues with a similar domain architecture but unknown function exist in animals, including humans.
Cyclin A2 degradation during the spindle assembly checkpoint requires multiple binding modes to the APC/C
Authors: Zhang Suyang , Tischer Thomas , Barford David 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) orchestrates cell cycle progression by controlling the temporal degradation of specific cell cycle regulators. Although cyclin A2 and cyclin B1 are both targeted for degradation by the APC/C, during the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC) represses APC/C’s activity towards cyclin B1, but not cyclin A2. Through structural, biochemical and in vivo analysis, we identify a non-canonical D box (D2) that is critical for cyclin A2 ubiquitination in vitro and degradation in vivo. During the SAC, cyclin A2 is ubiquitinated by the repressed APC/C-MCC, mediated by the cooperative engagement of its KEN and D2 boxes, ABBA motif, and the cofactor Cks. Once the SAC is satisfied, cyclin A2 binds APC/C-Cdc20 through two mutually exclusive binding modes, resulting in differential ubiquitination efficiency. Our findings reveal that a single substrate can engage an E3 ligase through multiple binding modes, affecting its degradation timing and efficiency.
Dispersion relation of the collective excitations in a resonantly driven polariton fluid
Authors: Stepanov Petr , Amelio Ivan , Rousset Jean-Guy , Bloch Jacqueline , Lemaître Aristide , Amo Alberto , Minguzzi Anna , Carusotto Iacopo , Richard Maxime 
Published: August 2019

AbstractExciton-polaritons in semiconductor microcavities constitute the archetypal realization of a quantum fluid of light. Under coherent optical drive, remarkable effects such as superfluidity, dark solitons or the nucleation of vortices have been observed, and can be all understood as specific manifestations of the condensate collective excitations. In this work, we perform a Brillouin scattering experiment to measure their dispersion relation $$\omega ({\bf{k}})$$
ω

(

k

)

directly. The results, such as a speed of sound which is apparently twice too low, cannot be explained upon considering the polariton condensate alone. In a combined theoretical and experimental analysis, we demonstrate that the presence of an excitonic reservoir alongside the polariton condensate has a dramatic influence on the characteristics of the quantum fluid, and explains our measurement quantitatively. This work clarifies the role of such a reservoir in polariton quantum hydrodynamics. It also provides an unambiguous tool to determine the condensate-to-reservoir fraction in the quantum fluid, and sets an accurate framework to approach ideas for polariton-based quantum-optical applications.
Multistep nucleation and growth mechanisms of organic crystals from amorphous solid states
Authors: Chen Hongliang , Li Mingliang , Lu Zheyu , Wang Xiaoge , Yang Junsheng , Wang Zhe , Zhang Fei , Gu Chunhui , Zhang Weining , Sun Yujie , Sun Junliang , Zhu Wenguang , Guo Xuefeng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMolecular self-assembly into crystallised films or wires on surfaces produces a big family of motifs exhibiting unique optoelectronic properties. However, little attention has been paid to the fundamental mechanism of molecular crystallisation. Here we report a biomimetic design of phosphonate engineered, amphiphilic organic semiconductors capable of self–assembly, which enables us to use real-time in-situ scanning probe microscopy to monitor the growth trajectories of such organic semiconducting films as they nucleate and crystallise from amorphous solid states. The single-crystal film grows through an evolutionary selection approach in a two-dimensional geometry, with five distinct steps: droplet flattening, film coalescence, spinodal decomposition, Ostwald ripening, and self-reorganised layer growth. These sophisticated processes afford ultralong high-density microwire arrays with high mobilities, thus promoting deep understanding of the mechanism as well as offering important insights into the design and development of functional high-performance organic optoelectronic materials and devices through molecular and crystal engineering.
Biofilm formation inhibition and dispersal of multi-species communities containing ammonia-oxidising bacteria
Authors: Keshvardoust Pejhman , Huron Vanessa A. A. , Clemson Matthew , Constancias Florentin , Barraud Nicolas , Rice Scott A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDespite considerable research, the biofilm-forming capabilities of Nitrosomonas europaea are poorly understood for both mono and mixed-species communities. This study combined biofilm assays and molecular techniques to demonstrate that N. europaea makes very little biofilm on its own, and relies on the activity of associated heterotrophic bacteria to establish a biofilm. However, N. europaea has a vital role in the proliferation of mixed-species communities under carbon-limited conditions, such as in drinking water distribution systems, through the provision of organic carbon via ammonia oxidation. Results show that the addition of nitrification inhibitors to mixed-species nitrifying cultures under carbon-limited conditions disrupted biofilm formation and caused the dispersal of pre-formed biofilms. This dispersal effect was not observed when an organic carbon source, glucose, was included in the medium. Interestingly, inhibition of nitrification activity of these mixed-species biofilms in the presence of added glucose resulted in increased total biofilm formation compared to controls without the addition of nitrification inhibitors, or with only glucose added. This suggests that active AOB partially suppress or limit the overall growth of the heterotrophic bacteria. The experimental model developed here provides evidence that ammonia-oxidising bacteria (AOB) are involved in both the formation and maintenance of multi-species biofilm communities. The results demonstrate that the activity of the AOB not only support the growth and biofilm formation of heterotrophic bacteria by providing organic carbon, but also restrict and limit total biomass in mixed community systems.
Quantum topology identification with deep neural networks and quantum walks
Authors: Ming Yurui , Lin Chin-Teng , Bartlett Stephen D. , Zhang Wei-Wei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTopologically ordered materials may serve as a platform for new quantum technologies, such as fault-tolerant quantum computers. To fulfil this promise, efficient and general methods are needed to discover and classify new topological phases of matter. We demonstrate that deep neural networks augmented with external memory can use the density profiles formed in quantum walks to efficiently identify properties of a topological phase as well as phase transitions. On a trial topological ordered model, our method’s accuracy of topological phase identification reaches 97.4%, and is shown to be robust to noise on the data. Furthermore, we demonstrate that our trained DNN is able to identify topological phases of a perturbed model, and predict the corresponding shift of topological phase transitions without learning any information about the perturbations in advance. These results demonstrate that our approach is generally applicable and may be used to identify a variety of quantum topological materials.
Deformed wing virus type A, a major honey bee pathogen, is vectored by the mite Varroa destructor in a non-propagative manner
Authors: Posada-Florez Francisco , Childers Anna K. , Heerman Matthew C. , Egekwu Noble I. , Cook Steven C. , Chen Yanping , Evans Jay D. , Ryabov Eugene V. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHoney bees, the primary managed insect pollinator, suffer considerable losses due to Deformed wing virus (DWV), an RNA virus vectored by the mite Varroa destructor. Mite vectoring has resulted in the emergence of virulent DWV variants. The basis for such changes in DWV is poorly understood. Most importantly, it remains unclear whether replication of DWV occurs in the mite. In this study, we exposed Varroa mites to DWV type A via feeding on artificially infected honey bees. A significant, 357-fold increase in DWV load was observed in these mites after 2 days. However, after 8 additional days of passage on honey bee pupae with low viral loads, the DWV load dropped by 29-fold. This decrease significantly reduced the mites’ ability to transmit DWV to honey bees. Notably, negative-strand DWV RNA, which could indicate viral replication, was detected only in mites collected from pupae with high DWV levels but not in the passaged mites. We also found that Varroa mites contain honey bee mRNAs, consistent with the acquisition of honey bee cells which would additionally contain DWV replication complexes with negative-strand DWV RNA. We propose that transmission of DWV type A by Varroa mites occurs in a non-propagative manner.
Production of WW males lacking the masculine Z chromosome and mining the Macrobrachium rosenbergii genome for sex-chromosomes
Authors: Levy Tom , Rosen Ohad , Manor Rivka , Dotan Shahar , Azulay Dudu , Abramov Anna , Sklarz Menachem Y. , Chalifa-Caspi Vered , Baruch Kobi , Shechter Assaf , Sagi Amir 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe cultivation of monosex populations is common in animal husbandry. However, preselecting the desired gender remains a major biotechnological and ethical challenge. To achieve an efficient biotechnology for all-female aquaculture in the economically important prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii), we achieved – for the first time – WW males using androgenic gland cells transplantation which caused full sex-reversal of WW females to functional males. Crossing the WW males with WW females yielded all-female progeny lacking the Z chromosome. We now have the ability to manipulate – by non-genomic means – all possible genotype combinations (ZZ, WZ and WW) to retain either male or female phenotypes and hence to produce monosex populations of either gender. This calls for a study of the genomic basis underlying this striking sexual plasticity, questioning the content of the W and Z chromosomes. Here, we report on the sequencing of a high-quality genome exhibiting distinguishable paternal and maternal sequences. This assembly covers ~ 87.5% of the genome and yielded a remarkable N50 value of ~ 20 × 106 bp. Genomic sex markers were used to initiate the identification and validation of parts of the W and Z chromosomes for the first time in arthropods.
Vimentin regulates Notch signaling strength and arterial remodeling in response to hemodynamic stress
Authors: van Engeland Nicole C. A. , Suarez Rodriguez Freddy , Rivero-Müller Adolfo , Ristori Tommaso , Duran Camille L. , Stassen Oscar M. J. A. , Antfolk Daniel , Driessen Rob C. H. , Ruohonen Saku , Ruohonen Suvi T. , Nuutinen Salla , Savontaus Eriika , Loerakker Sandra , Bayless Kayla J. , Sjöqvist Marika , Bouten Carlijn V. C. , Eriksson John E. , Sahlgren Cecilia M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe intermediate filament (IF) cytoskeleton has been proposed to regulate morphogenic processes by integrating the cell fate signaling machinery with mechanical cues. Signaling between endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) through the Notch pathway regulates arterial remodeling in response to changes in blood flow. Here we show that the IF-protein vimentin regulates Notch signaling strength and arterial remodeling in response to hemodynamic forces. Vimentin is important for Notch transactivation by ECs and vimentin knockout mice (VimKO) display disrupted VSMC differentiation and adverse remodeling in aortic explants and in vivo. Shear stress increases Jagged1 levels and Notch activation in a vimentin-dependent manner. Shear stress induces phosphorylation of vimentin at serine 38 and phosphorylated vimentin interacts with Jagged1 and increases Notch activation potential. Reduced Jagged1-Notch transactivation strength disrupts lateral signal induction through the arterial wall leading to adverse remodeling. Taken together we demonstrate that vimentin forms a central part of a mechanochemical transduction pathway that regulates multilayer communication and structural homeostasis of the arterial wall.
Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension and their determinants: Results from the first cohort of non-communicable diseases in a Kurdish settlement
Authors: Rajati Fatemeh , Hamzeh Behrooz , Pasdar Yahya , Safari Roya , Moradinazar Mehdi , Shakiba Ebrahim , Bazargan-Hejazi Shahrzad , Karim Hossein , Najafi Farid 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHypertension is a public health issue in Iran. The study aimed to estimate the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension, and to explore their determinants among 10,040 Kurdish adults from Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease (RaNCD) cohort study in Iran. Univariate, and multivariate analyses were used for statistical analysis. Prevalence of hypertension was 15.7%. Among hypertensive patients, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension were 80.7%, 73.2%, and 53.3%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, significant associations were found between awareness and female sex, older age, being married rather than being single, literacy, living in rural areas, having family history, and comorbidities, with a higher probability for those who had both diabetes and dyslipidemia. Being married, living in rural areas, being ex-smokers, having less physical activity and individuals who had diabetes and dyslipidemia had higher odds of receiving treatment. Being female had a statistically significant association with the control of hypertension. The Kurdish population had higher awareness, with a greater proportion of treated, and controlled patients compared to populations included in previous studies for the last 20 years in Iran. With the continuing health promotion programs in Iran, it is expected to observe a lower prevalence of hypertension, higher awareness and greater number of treated individuals with controlled hypertension.
The effects of di-butyl phthalate exposure from medications on human sperm RNA among men
Authors: Estill Molly , Hauser Russ , Nassan Feiby L. , Moss Alan , Krawetz Stephen A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractEndocrine disruptors, such as phthalates, are suspected of affecting reproductive function. The Mesalamine and Reproductive Health Study (MARS) was designed to address the physiological effect of in vivo phthalate exposure on male reproduction in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). As part of this effort, the effect on sperm RNAs to DBP exposure were longitudinally assessed using a cross-over cross-back binary design of high or background, exposures to DBP. As the DBP level was altered, numerous sperm RNA elements (REs) were differentially expressed, suggesting that exposure to or removal from high DBP produces effects that require longer than one spermatogenic cycle to resolve. In comparison, small RNAs were minimally affected by DBP exposure. While initial study medication (high or background) implicates different biological pathways, initiation on the high-DBP condition activated oxidative stress and DNA damage pathways. The negative correlation of REs with specific genomic repeats suggests a regulatory role. Using ejaculated sperm, this work provides insight into the male germline’s response to phthalate exposure.
CCM1 and CCM2 variants in patients with cerebral cavernous malformation in an ethnically Chinese population in Taiwan
Authors: Chang Chun-Wei , Hsu Peng-Wei , Wei Kuo-Chen , Chang Chia-Wen , Fung Hon-Chung , Hsih Mo-Song , Hsu Wen-Chuin , Ro Long-Sun , Chang Chen-Nen , Wang Jiun-Jie , Wu Yih-Ru , Chen Sien-Tsong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) is a vascular malformation characterized by clustered enlarged capillary-like channels in the central nervous system. The genes harboring variants in patients with CCM includeCCM1/Krev interaction trapped-1,CCM2/MGC4607, andCCM3/programmed cell death protein 10. We aimed to identify pathogenic variants in an ethnic Chinese population in Taiwan. We recruited 95 patients with multiple CCMs or a single lesion with a relevant family history. Sanger sequencing was performed for 41 patients. Variants were identified using sequence alignment tools, and the clinical significance of these variants was determined using American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics standards and guidelines. Several pathogenic variants were found in six patients, including three unrelated patients and three affected members of one family. Two novel pathogenic variants leading to early truncation comprised a deletion variant in exon 18 ofCCM1(c.1846delA; p.Glu617LysfsTer44) and an insertion variant in exon 4 ofCCM2(c.401_402insGCCC; p.Ile136AlafsTer4). One novel pathogenic splice site variant was c.485 + 1G > C at the beginning of intron 8 ofCCM1. In this study, we identified novel variants related to CCM in an ethnically Chinese population in Taiwan.
Continuous-variable Quantum Phase Estimation based on Machine Learning
Authors: Xiao Tailong , Huang Jingzheng , Fan Jianping , Zeng Guihua 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMaking use of the general physical model of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer with photon loss which is a fundamental physical issue, we investigate the continuous-variable quantum phase estimation based on machine learning approach, and an efficient recursive Bayesian estimation algorithm for Gaussian states phase estimation has been proposed. With the proposed algorithm, the performance of the phase estimation may be improved distinguishably. For example, the physical limits (i.e., the standard quantum limit and Heisenberg limit) for the phase estimation precision may be reached in more efficient ways especially in the situation of the prior information being employed, the range for the estimated phase parameter can be extended from [0, π/2] to [0, 2π] compared with the conventional approach, and influences of the photon losses on the output parameter estimation precision may be suppressed dramatically in terms of saturating the lossy bound. In addition, the proposed algorithm can be extended to the time-variable or multi-parameter estimation framework.
Two-Dimensional Brain Microtubule Structures Behave as Memristive Devices
Authors: Cantero María del Rocío , Perez Paula L. , Scarinci Noelia , Cantiello Horacio F. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMicrotubules (MTs) are cytoskeletal structures that play a central role in a variety of cell functions including cell division and cargo transfer. MTs are also nonlinear electrical transmission lines that produce and conduct electrical oscillations elicited by changes in either electric field and/or ionic gradients. The oscillatory behavior of MTs requires a voltage-sensitive gating mechanism to enable the electrodiffusional ionic movement through the MT wall. Here we explored the electrical response of non-oscillating rat brain MT sheets to square voltage steps. To ascertain the nature of the possible gating mechanism, the electrical response of non-oscillating rat brain MT sheets (2D arrays of MTs) to square pulses was analyzed under voltage-clamping conditions. A complex voltage-dependent nonlinear charge movement was observed, which represented the summation of two events. The first contribution was a small, saturating, voltage-dependent capacitance with a maximum charge displacement in the range of 4 fC/μm2. A second, major contribution was a non-saturating voltage-dependent charge transfer, consistent with the properties of a multistep memristive device. The memristive capabilities of MTs could drive oscillatory behavior, and enable voltage-driven neuromorphic circuits and architectures within neurons.