bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les systèmes d’aide : entre expertise et sens commun
Authors: Olszewska Barbara 
Published: November 2018

Help Systems : Between Expertise and Common Sense.
This paper aims to show that the problem of the status of help systems has to be approached from within the activities of inquiry themselves, first and foremost from their observable and accountable character, according to the postulates of Deweyan pragmatism and ethnomethodological studies. Relying on the film of the situations and on the transcription conventions of dialogues derived from Conversation Analysis, this paper questions the ways people “ follow” the instructions of the “ help systems” in two different situations. The first one considers the script used in a computer call center to solve computer problems ; the other one examines how two people trying to install an Internet connexion at home follow the instructions from an instruction manual. The serial analysis of the structure of these two activities accounts for the sort of “ know how” and expertise manifest in these two situations, and for its lack. We try to account for the notion of instructional activity as a situated configuration, reflexively tied with practices of communication and socio-ecological frames.
Notre façon moderne de voir est conditionnée par la camera obscura – Réflexion sur les fondements logiques de la perception et de la mesure
Authors: Matherat Philippe 
Published: November 2018

La perspective est-elle un mode de représentation de l'espace parmi d''autres possibles ou bien nous dit-elle une vérité sur l'espace réel ? La photographie nous donnet-elle un accès direct au réel, ou bien est-elle empreinte de la subjectivité du photographe, voire d'une trahison due à l'appareil ? En quoi les mondes virtuels de la synthèse d'image diffèrent du monde réel ? Ces questions nous obligent à nous réinterroger sur la perception visuelle, sur l'origine de nos connaissances à propos de l'espace extérieur, sur la mesure, et sur les liens entre les fondements de la physique et le langage. La vision nous semble être à la fois une comparaison à des représentations et une intention créatrice qui demande une action motrice. Les représentations ne sont pas forcément situées, ni forcément immatérielles. Elles sont prises dans une boucle action/sensation dans laquelle interviennent le langage et la culture. Nous ne sommes jamais dispensés d'avoir à imaginer
la réalité, même si notre imagination doit être confrontée au réel.
Is Cultural Evolution Analogous to Biological Evolution? A Critical Review of Memetics
Authors: Guillo Dominique 
Published: November 2018

L'évolution de la culture est-elle analogue à l'évolution biologique ? Une revue critique de la mémétique.
Les défenseurs de la mémétique proposent de bâtir une théorie de la culture à partir d’une analogie avec l’évolution biologique. Cette théorie néo-darwinienne de la culture doit être soigneusement distinguée de la psychologie évolutionniste et de l’anthropologie cognitive, car elle n’est pas réductionniste. Plus largement, elle doit être distinguée de toutes les théories de la culture appuyées sur l’hypothèse selon laquelle l’esprit individuel est actif et non passif lorsqu’il adopte un trait culturel. Elle se rapproche par certains aspects de paradigmes traditionnels des sciences sociales, mais constitue un modèle bien spécifique. En dépit de l’intérêt des arguments qu’elle propose et de certaines recherches qu’elle a suscitées, elle s’appuie sur des propositions et des concepts – en particulier le concept de mème – qui soulèvent des difficultés. La nature des mèmes est incertaine et problématique. À supposer qu’ils existent, leur empire ne peut couvrir qu’une partie des phénomènes culturels. Enfin, la recherche des preuves de leur existence rencontre de sérieux obstacles.
Imagination and Testimony in the Child’s Construction of Reality
Authors: Harris Paul L. , Abarbanell Linda , Pasquini Elisabeth S. , Duke Suzanne 
Published: November 2018

Imagination et témoignage dans la construction de la réalité de l’enfant.
Bien que les enfants apprennent beaucoup sur la réalité grâce à l’observation directe, ils apprennent également à partir du témoignage des autres. Par exemple, ils prennent connaissance de différentes entités et êtres invisibles, non pas du par leur expérience personnelle mais par la communication avec les autres personnes. Quatre différents types d’expériences montrent que les enfants sont plein d'assurance quant à l''existence de deux catégories importantes d'entités invisibles auxquelles ils ont eu accès par le biais du témoignage : les entités scientifiques -les germes et l’oxygène, et des êtres spéciaux -le Père Noël ou Dieu. Toutefois, les enfants expriment une plus grande confiance dans celles-là que dans celles-ci. Deux explications possibles de ce phénomène sont envisagées.
Folksociology and the Cognitive Foundations of Culture
Authors: Hirschfeld Lawrence A. 
Published: November 2018

Folksociology et les fondements cognitifs de la culture.
Une caractéristique de la vie sociale humaine est sa variabilité au cours de l’histoire et entre les cultures. Il y a cependant une constante, qui réside dans l’importance du sentiment d’appartenance au groupe, dans le raisonnement à propos du comportement des autres. Le fait que des modes de raisonnement soient acquis en fonction du groupe auquel on appartient a typiquement été considéré comme problématique pour les théories de l''apprentissage selon lesquelles ce sont les mêmes processus cognitifs qui sont utilisés dans le raisonnement quels que soient les domaines, indépendamment du contenu. Nous avancerons ici que l’accent mis sur la l''idée d''un apprentissage général et sur la variabilité culturelle obscurcit le fait que les processus spécifiques à un domaine jouent un rôle crucial dans la solidification et le maintien de la vie sociale humaine et dans sa variabilité culturelle. On explore cette hypothèse en examinant les éléments en faveur d’une compétence modulaire évoluée pour la ‘ folksociology’ gouvernant le développement du raisonnement de groupe ; compétence cruciale pour comprendre à la fois l’invariabilité trans-culturelle et la variabilité culturelle. Tous les animaux sociaux doivent nécessairement coordonner leur comportement avec les membres de leur propre groupe social et les membres d’autres groupes sociaux. Pour ce faire, ils ont probablement des compétences cognitives particulières correspondant aux catégories conspécifiques, en tant que membres de catégories ou de groupes sociaux divers. Le cas humain est cependant particulier. La socialité humaine, et en particulier les catégories et les groupes humains, sont culturellement et historiquement constitués ; ainsi les compétences sociales sont acquises dans des environnements culturels différents. Une capacité cognitive, dont les entrées déclenchant et les sorties sont globalement figées (comme pour la plupart des espèces sociales non humaines) ne serait ainsi pas pertinente pour rendre compte des systèmes variables de la catégorisation sociale humaine.
Religion et connaissance
Authors: Gans Eric lawrence 
Published: November 2018

Religion and Knowledge.
Our understanding of the contribution of religious revelation to fundamental anthropological self-consciousness is clarified by Derrida’s remark that every linguistic communication involves an “ act of faith” independent of any particular belief. But this faith is understandable only within the framework of a hypothesis that explains the origin of the human capacity to exchange representations. Although Christian anthropology most closely approaches scientific parsimony, it is dependent on a particular historical revelation. To find the universal basis of the “ secularized” faith referred to by Derrida, it is thus necessary to rediscover the element of the Mosaic revelation left aside by Christianity, namely, the possibility manifested in the burning bush of a sacrificial scene without a victim.
Écrire l’au-delà : les pouvoirs de la synesthésie sémiotique
Authors: Keane Webb 
Published: November 2018

On Spirit Writing : The Powers of Transduction across Semiotic Modalities.
Through anthropological examples which are taken from contexts that are far from one another (contemporary New York and Sumba, Byzantine empire), the article shows the importance of the cognitive role played by reading and writing in the relationship they have with what is considered as the realm of the beyond. Reading and writing are not only channels through which the realm of the beyond appears as having already an independent existence ; they are at the heart of the religious content itself and of the symbolic nature it is endowed with.
Modèles et pensées de l’expression : perspectives microgénétiques
Authors: Rosenthal Victor , Visetti Yves-Marie 
Published: November 2018

Theories and Models of Expression : a Microgenetic Perspective.
We assess the contribution of microgenetic thinking to “expressivist” and semiotic theories of perception. Three layers of expression are distinguished : (i) originary expressivity of experience, (ii) action as expression, and (iii) expression as institution, this latter layer involving the necessity of re-expression and of reprise, along with a diversification of genres and modalities (virtual/ actual, possible / necessary). As we proceed, we delineate the core issues of “expressivism” and define a generic this latter layer involving the necessity of re-expression and of reprise, along with a diversifica-tion of genres and modalities (virtual/ actual, possible / necessary). As we proceed, we delineate the core issues of “ expressivism” and define a generic framework on which to base a theory of expression. Mathematical models of actualization and theories of thematic field and of thematization provide in this respect valuable conceptual tools. The question of reprise is then restated as that of a necessary diversification of mod-alities (whether empowering or constraining) relative to different “ phases” of micro-genesis, each of which potentially involving its own modes of perception and memory. The continuous and dynamical setting laid out in the article enables us to account for various kinds of genericity that are constitutively correlated with different phases of activity (modes of organization) co-occurring in the field. Critical in this respect is the genetic concept of anticipation which subtends varying motivation building upon protention or forward tension. Depending on the phase of microgenesis, it becomes possible to highlight different modal and temporal characters involved in the constitution of forms in the field. A series of diagrams illustrates various stages of this development, which culminates in instituted semiosis and enunciation, each intrinsically related to, but distinct of, its expressive dimensions.
Performance and Musical Perception Analysis
Authors: Ayari Mondher 
Published: November 2018

Analyse de performance et modélisation musicale.
La perception structurelle sous-jacente à l''écoute musicale est un processus cognitif d'une grande complexité qui met en jeu une multitude de stratégies interdépendantes. La compréhension approfondie de cette architecture cognitive, et en parallèle la description détaillée du foisonnement de structures émergentes, nécessitent en conséquence le support de la systématisation informatique, afin d''appuyer la démarche empirique sur une modélisation complexe. Les multiples stratégies concourant à l''écoute musicale structurelle peuvent être scindées en diverses catégories. Une distinction majeure, développée dans cette étude, sera opérée entre, d''une part les mécanismes d''émergence structurelle de bas niveau apparentés à la Gestalt-theorie, et d''autre part les stratégies de plus haut niveau fondées sur des schémas culturels.
Conditions de possibilités d’une rhétorique formelle perçue
Authors: Lalitte Philippe 
Published: November 2018

Conditions of Possibility of a Perceived Formal Rhetoric.
Musical form has been considered by composers and music theorists, at least since the end of the XVIIIth century, as a main aspect of musical composition. Some theoretical views of musical forms, even its perceptive reality, are challenged by music psychologists. However, other data suggest that a representation in memory of large-scale structures is possible. This article proposes to assess, through a review of the form theories and the experimental psychology literature, two fundamental questions on the perception of form : Which musical dimensions and types of representation in memory support the perception of form ? We propose a new conception of musical form which able to include, with Western tonal musical architectures, some other expressions of musical form.
Cohesiveness
Authors: Bell John L. 
Published: November 2018

Le continu cohésif.
Un continuum est «d'une seule pièce », au sens où il ne peut être divisé en deux (ou plusieurs) parties non vides disjointes. Si la «partie » désigne un ouvert (ou un fermé) de l'espace, on est conduit au concept topologique classique de connexité. Ainsi un espace S est-il connexe s'il est impossible de le partitionner en deux sous-ensembles ouverts (ou fermés) non vides et disjoints -ou de façon équivalente, si, pour toute partition par deux ouverts (ou deux fermés) de S, l'un d'eux est vide. Tel est le cas, par exemple, de l'espace R des réels et de tous ses intervalles ouverts et fermés. Un tournant radical s'opère si l'on prend l'expression «d'une seule pièce » au sens litttéral, c'est-à-dire au sens de l'inséparabilité de l'espace en deux parties, ou sous-ensembles, quelconques. Un espace S satisfaisant une telle condition est dit cohésif ou indécomposable. En logique classique, en raison de la validité du tiers exclu, les espaces cohésifs se réduisent à des espaces vides ou à des singletons ; en revanche, la logique intuitioniste, non seulement, garantit l'existence d'espaces cohésifs non triviaux, mais, de plus, fait de tout espace connexe un espace cohésif. Dans cet article, nous présentons le substrat philosophique de l'indécomposabilité ainsi que les diverses modélisations de cette notion dans les mathématiques contemporaines.
Y Dwarf Trigonometric Parallaxes from the Spitzer Space Telescope
Authors: Martin Emily C. , Kirkpatrick J. Davy , Beichman Charles A. , Smart Richard L. , Faherty Jacqueline K. , Gelino Christopher R. , Cushing Michael C. , Schneider Adam C. , Wright Edward L. , Lowrance Patrick , Ingalls James , Tinney C. G. , McLean Ian S. , Logsdon Sarah E. , Lebreton Jérémy 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Y dwarfs provide a unique opportunity to study free-floating objects with masses <30 M
Jup and atmospheric temperatures approaching those of known Jupiter-like exoplanets. Obtaining distances to these objects is an essential step toward characterizing their absolute physical properties. Using Spitzer’s Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) [4.5] images taken over baselines of ∼2–7 years, we measure astrometric distances for 22 late-T and early Y dwarfs, including updated parallaxes for 18 objects and new parallax measurements for 4 objects. These parallaxes will make it possible to explore the physical parameter space occupied by the coldest brown dwarfs. We also present the discovery of six new late-T dwarfs, updated spectra of two T dwarfs, and the reclassification of a new Y dwarf, WISE J033605.04−014351.0, based on Keck/NIRSPEC J-band spectroscopy. Assuming that effective temperatures are inversely proportional to absolute magnitude, we examine trends in the evolution of the spectral energy distributions of brown dwarfs with decreasing effective temperature. Surprisingly, the Y dwarf class encompasses a large range in absolute magnitude in the near- to mid-infrared photometric bandpasses, demonstrating a larger range of effective temperatures than previously assumed. This sample will be ideal for obtaining mid-infrared spectra with the James Webb Space Telescope because their known distances will make it easier to measure absolute physical properties.
Should Type Ia Supernova Distances Be Corrected for Their Local Environments?
Authors: Jones D. O. , Riess A. G. , Scolnic D. M. , Pan Y.-C. , Johnson E. , Coulter D. A. , Dettman K. G. , Foley M. M. , Foley R. J. , Huber M. E. , Jha S. W. , Kilpatrick C. D. , Kirshner R. P. , Rest A. , Schultz A. S. B. , Siebert M. R. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Recent analyses suggest that distance residuals measured from Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are correlated with local host galaxy properties within a few kiloparsecs of the SN explosion. However, the well-established correlation with global host galaxy properties is nearly as significant, with a shift of 0.06 mag across a low to high mass boundary (the mass step). Here, with 273 SNe Ia at z < 0.1, we investigate whether the stellar masses and rest-frame u − g colors of regions within 1.5 kpc of the SN Ia explosion site are significantly better correlated with SN distance measurements than global properties or properties measured at random locations in SN hosts. At ≲2σ significance, local properties tend to correlate with distance residuals better than properties at random locations, though despite using the largest low-z sample to date, we cannot definitively prove that a local correlation is more significant than a random correlation. Our data hint that SNe observed by surveys that do not target a pre-selected set of galaxies may have a larger local mass step than SNe from surveys that do, an increase of 0.071 ± 0.036 mag (2.0σ). We find a 3σ local mass step after global mass correction, evidence that SNe Ia should be corrected for their local mass, but we note that this effect is insignificant in the targeted low-z sample. Only the local mass step remains significant at >2σ after global mass correction, and we conservatively estimate a systematic shift in H
0 measurements of −0.14 km s−1 Mpc−1 with an additional uncertainty of 0.14 km s−1 Mpc−1, ∼10% of the present uncertainty.
Optical Detection of Lasers with Near-term Technology at Interstellar Distances
Authors: Clark James R. , Cahoy Kerri 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This paper examines the ability to produce a laser beam detectable to a cursory survey (SNR 0.1% with a 1 m receive telescope) by an extraterrestrial intelligence using proven or near-term technology (megawatt-class lasers, telescopes tens of meters in size). We find that such lasers can produce a signal at ranges of less than 20,000 lt-yr, with a broad enough beam to overcome uncertainties in nearby exoplanet orbits (e.g., Prox Cen b) or encompass entire habitable zones of more distant systems (e.g., TRAPPIST-1). While the probability of closing a handshake with even a nearby extraterrestrial intelligence is low with current survey methodologies, advances in full-sky surveys for SETI and other purposes may reduce the mean-time-to-handshake to decades or centuries, after which these laser systems may close links at data rates of kbps–Mpbs. The next major gap to address for searching for extraterrestrial lasers is in expanding spectral searches into the infrared, where most terrestrial communication and high-power lasers are manufactured.
Effects of the Mean Field Gradients on Magnetic Field Line Random Walk
Authors: Vlad Madalina 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The 2D model of the field line random walk (FLRW) is developed by considering a space-dependent mean magnetic field

with perpendicular and parallel gradients, and a component in the perpendicular plane

The impact of the configuration of the mean field on FLRW is explored. We have found that both the diffusion (random walk) and the convection (ordered walk) are significantly modified. The diffusion is strongly influenced by the parallel gradient and by

, while the perpendicular gradient generates a flow of the field lines along its direction. A synergistic effect between the three elements of the configuration of the mean field is found.
The Information Content in Cold Stellar Streams
Authors: Bonaca Ana , Hogg David W. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Cold stellar streams—produced by tidal disruptions of globular clusters—are long-lived, coherent dynamical features in the halo of the Milky Way. They hold the promise of delivering precise information about the gravitational potential, including constraints on the shape of the dark matter halo. Because of their different ages and different positions in phase space, different streams tell us different things about the Galaxy. Here we employ a Cramér–Rao lower bound (CRLB) or Fisher-matrix approach to understand the quantitative information content in (toy versions of) 11 known streams: ATLAS, GD-1, Hermus, Kwando, Orinoco, PS1A, PS1C, PS1D, PS1E, Sangarius, and Triangulum. This approach depends on a generative model, which we have developed previously, and which permits calculation of derivatives of predicted stream properties with respect to Galaxy and stream parameters. We find that in simple analytic models of the Milky Way, streams on eccentric orbits contain the most information about the halo shape. For each stream, there are near degeneracies between dark matter halo properties and parameters of the bulge, the disk, and the stream progenitor itself, but simultaneous fitting of multiple streams will constrain all parameters at the percent level. At this precision, simulated dark matter halos deviate from simple analytic parameterizations, so we add an expansion of basis functions as a first step in giving the gravitational potential more freedom. As freedom increases, the information about the halo reduces overall, and it becomes more localized to the current position of the stream. In the limit of high model freedom, a stellar stream appears to measure the local acceleration at its current position; this motivates thinking about future nonparametric approaches. The CRLB formalism also permits us to assess the value of future measurements of stellar velocities, distances, and proper motions. We show that velocities of stream stars are essential for producing competitive constraints on the distribution of dark matter.
Numerical Simulations of Winds Driven by Radiation Force from the Corona above a Thin Disk
Authors: Yang Xiao-Hong , Bu De-Fu , Li Qi-Xiu 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Observations show that winds can be driven from the innermost region (inside a 50 Schwarschild radius) of a thin disk. It is interesting to study the winds launched from the innermost region. A hot corona above the black hole (BH) thin disk is irradiated by the disk. We perform two-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations to study the winds driven by radiation force from the corona in the innermost regions. The hard X-ray spectrum from active galactic nuclei (AGNs) suggests that the corona temperature is about 109 K, so that we mainly analyze the properties of winds (or outflows) from the 109 K corona. The disk luminosity plays an important role in driving the outflows. The more luminous the disk, the stronger the outflows. Mass outflow rate (

) at a 90 Schwarschild radius depends on disk luminosity, which can be described as

(Γ is the ratio of the disk luminosity to the Eddington luminosity). In the case of high luminosity (e.g., Γ = 0.75), the supersonic outflows with maximum speed 1.0 × 104 Km s−1 are launched at ∼17°–30° and ∼50°–80° away from the pole axis. The Bernoulli parameter keeps increasing with the outward propagation of outflows. The radiation force keeps accelerating the outflows when outflows move outward. Therefore, we can expect the outflows to escape from the BH gravity and go to the galactic scale. The interaction between outflows and interstellar medium may be an important AGN feedback process.