bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pronounced social inequality in health-related factors and quality of life in women and men from Austria who are overweight or obese
Authors: Burkert Nathalie Tatjana , Freidl Wolfgang 
Published: May 2019

Background
The burden of social inequalities in health as well as the association between obesity with morbidity and mortality is a worldwide problem. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate health-related factors, health, and quality of life in Austrian women and men with normal weight, overweight, and obesity with a different socioeconomic status (SES) based on actual data from 2015.

Methods
This representative population-based study was based on self-reported data of 15,338 Austrian adults (8,425 women and 6,933 men) in 2014/2015. Data of the Austrian Health Interview Survey was analyzed stratified by sex and adjusted for age concerning health-related behavior, health, and quality of life.

Results
The results have shown that people with a low SES differ significantly from those of high SES concerning health-related factors (e.g., eating behavior, physical activity), health and impairment due to chronic conditions, as well as quality of life. Obesity in women and men was associated with poorer health-related factors and more chronic conditions as well as unfavorable psychological aspects. In women, the results showed a significant body mass index*SES interaction for impairment due to disorders, the number of chronic conditions and quality of life in the domain of physical health. In men, the interaction was significant regarding alcohol consumption, as well as health impairment. The SES has a strong negative impact on health which implies that people of low SES have more health problems which especially concerns individuals who are obese. Therefore, a continuous target group-oriented, non-discriminatory, interdisciplinary public health program is required, prioritizing women, and men with obesity with a low SES.
Phaeophytin and Triterpenoids from Brachystelma togoense Schltr, a Nigerian Medicinal Herb
Authors: Ekalu Abiche , Ayo Rachael Gbekele-Oluwa , Habila James D. , Hamisu Ibrahim 
Published: May 2019

The medicinal herb Brachystelma togoense schtlr (Apocynaceae) is used traditionally for treatment of ailments. The secondary metabolites, phaeophytin a, α-amyrin and lupeol were isolated from the CH2Cl2 and MeOH extracts of Brachystelma togoense. The structures were elucidated using 1H, 13C and 2D NMR. These phytochemicals have previously being reported to have various biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal and anti-cancer. The presence of phaeophytin a, α-amyrin and lupeol in Brachystelma togoense justified the use of the plant for medicinal purpose in Nigeria.
Enhanced Biodegradation of Degreaser Using Pseudomonas and Bacillus Species in Fresh Water Ecosystem
Authors: Nrior Renner Renner , Otuogha Indutimi Mathias 
Published: May 2019

Aim: The aim of this study is to enhance the biodegradation of degreasers used in upstream sectors of Nigeria Petroleum Industry using bio-augmenting organisms such as: Pseudomonas and Bacillus species in freshwater Ecosystem.
Study Design: This study employs experimental designs, Randomized Block Design treatment set up, statistical analysis of data and interpretation.
Place and Duration of Study: Freshwater sample for this research was collected from Asarama Andoni, in Rivers State, Nigeria. The study lasted for six months.
Methodology: The experimental set-up was carried in 500 ml conical flask with two species of bacteria, two types of degreaser and fresh water sample giving a total of 8 set-up including controls. The Pseudomonas and Bacillus species used in this study were isolated from the freshwater ecosystem and identified using standard microbiological methods. The bioremediation potential of the respective test organisms were monitored at ambient temperature 28±0.2°C for 28 days at a constant interval of 7 days using the following Physiochemical parameter; Total dissolved Solid, Hydrogen concentrations ions and Total Hydrocarbon Content. While the following Microbiological parameters; Total heterotrophic Bacteria, Total Heterotrophic Fungi, Hydrocarbon Utilizing Bacteria, and Hydrocarbon Utilizing Fungi were monitored.
Results: The percentage of degradability of the respective set-ups ranged from Control (Rigwash) (3.29%) < Pseudomonas sp. + Rigwash (27.56%) < Pseudomonas + Bacillus + Rigwash< (31.57%), Bacillus sp.+ Rigwash (37.57%) Control 2 (Aquabreak) (9.45%) < Pseudomonas sp.+ Aquabreak (26.77%) < Pseudomonas + Bacillus + Aquabreak (31.32%)< Bacillus sp.+ Aquabreak (32.46%). Overall evaluation revealed that Bacillus sp. had a higher biodegradation potential on both degreaser (Rigwash and Aquabreak) in freshwater than Pseudomonas sp. Five species of bacteria: Escherichia coli, Micrococcus, Citrobacter, Bacillus, and Pseudomonas species and four fungal species: Penicillium, Mucor, Aspergillus and Rhizopus species were isolated and identified as hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria and fungi organisms respectively.
Conclusion: The results revealed that Bacillus species have more degradability potential than Pseudomonas species for both Aquabreak and Rigwash. These results also indicated the low biodegradation potential of Rigwash in fresh Ecosystem.
Combined use of subclinical hydroxyurea and CHK1 inhibitor effectively controls melanoma and lung cancer progression, with reduced normal tissue toxicity compared to gemcitabine
Authors: Oo Zay Yar , Proctor Martina , Stevenson Alexander J. , Nazareth Deborah , Fernando Madushan , Daignault Sheena M. , Lanagan Catherine , Walpole Sebastian , Bonazzi Vanessa , Škalamera Dubravka , Snell Cameron , Haass Nikolas K. , Larsen Jill E. , Gabrielli Brian 
Published: May 2019

Drugs such as gemcitabine that increase replication stress are effective chemotherapeutics in a range of cancer settings. These drugs effectively block replication and promote DNA damage, triggering a cell cycle checkpoint response through the ATR–CHK1 pathway. Inhibiting this signalling pathway sensitises cells to killing by replication stress‐inducing drugs. Here, we investigated the effect of low‐level replication stress induced by low concentrations (> 0.2 mm) of the reversible ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor hydroxyurea (HU), which slows S‐phase progression but has little effect on cell viability or proliferation. We demonstrate that HU effectively synergises with CHK1, but not ATR inhibition, in > 70% of melanoma and non‐small‐cell lung cancer cells assessed, resulting in apoptosis and complete loss of proliferative potential in vitro and in vivo. Normal fibroblasts and haemopoietic cells retain viability and proliferative potential following exposure to CHK1 inhibitor plus low doses of HU, but normal cells exposed to CHK1 inhibitor combined with submicromolar concentrations of gemcitabine exhibited complete loss of proliferative potential. The effects of gemcitabine on normal tissue correlate with irreversible ATR–CHK1 pathway activation, whereas low doses of HU reversibly activate CHK1 independently of ATR. The combined use of CHK1 inhibitor and subclinical HU also triggered an inflammatory response involving the recruitment of macrophages in vivo. These data indicate that combining CHK1 inhibitor with subclinical HU is superior to combination with gemcitabine, as it provides equal anticancer efficacy but with reduced normal tissue toxicity. These data suggest a significant proportion of melanoma and lung cancer patients could benefit from treatment with this drug combination.
A Tumor‐on‐a‐Chip System with Bioprinted Blood and Lymphatic Vessel Pair
Authors: Cao Xia , Ashfaq Ramla , Cheng Feng , Maharjan Sushila , Li Jun , Ying Guoliang , Hassan Shabir , Xiao Haiyan , Yue Kan , Zhang Yu Shrike 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCurrent in vitro antitumor drug screening strategies insufficiently mimic biological systems. They tend to lack true perfusion and draining microcirculation systems, which may post significant limitations in explicitly reproducing the transport kinetics of cancer therapeutics. Herein, the fabrication of an improved tumor model consisting of a bioprinted hollow blood vessel and a lymphatic vessel pair, hosted in a 3D tumor microenvironment‐mimetic hydrogel matrix is reported, termed as the tumor‐on‐a‐chip with a bioprinted blood and a lymphatic vessel pair (TOC‐BBL). The bioprinted blood vessel is a perfusable channel with an opening on both ends, while the bioprinted lymphatic vessel is blinded on one end, both of which are embedded in a hydrogel tumor mass, with vessel permeability individually tunable through optimization of the compositions of the bioinks. It is demonstrated that systems with different combinations of these bioprinted blood/lymphatic vessels exhibit varying levels of diffusion profiles for biomolecules and anticancer drugs. The results suggest that this unique in vitro tumor model containing the bioprinted blood/lymphatic vessel pair may have the capacity of simulating the complex transport mechanisms of certain pharmaceutical compounds inside the tumor microenvironment, potentially providing improved accuracy in future cancer drug screening.
Freestanding Borophene and Its Hybrids
Authors: Ranjan Pranay , Sahu Tumesh Kumar , Bhushan Rebti , Yamijala Sharma SRKC , Late Dattatray J. , Kumar Prashant , Vinu Ajayan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBorophene, an elemental metallic Dirac material is predicted to have unprecedented mechanical and electronic character. Need of substrate and ultrahigh vacuum conditions for deposition of borophene restricts its large‐scale applications and significantly hampers the advancement of research on borophene. Herein, a facile and large‐scale synthesis of freestanding atomic sheets of borophene through a novel liquid‐phase exfoliation and the reduction of borophene oxide is demonstrated. Electron microscopy confirms the presence of β12, X3, and their intermediate phases of borophene; X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning tunneling microscopy, corroborated with density functional theory band structure calculations, validate the phase purity and the metallic nature. Borophene with excellent anchoring capabilities is used for sensing of light, gas, molecules, and strain. Hybrids of borophene as well as that of reduced borophene oxide with other 2D materials are synthesized, and the predicted superior performance in energy storage is explored. The specific capacity of borophene oxide is observed to be ≈4941 mAh g−1, which significantly exceeds that of existing 2D materials and their hybrids. These freestanding borophene materials and their hybrids will create a huge breakthrough in the field of 2D materials and could help to develop future generations of devices and emerging applications.
Phase‐Tunable Synthesis of Ultrathin Layered Tetragonal CoSe and Nonlayered Hexagonal CoSe Nanoplates
Authors: Ma Huifang , Wan Zhong , Li Jia , Wu Ruixia , Zhang Zhengwei , Li Bo , Zhao Bei , Qian Qi , Liu Yuan , Xia Qinglin , Guo Guanghua , Duan Xidong , Duan Xiangfeng 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMultiple structural phases in transition metal dichalcogenides have attracted considerable recent interest for their tunable chemical and electronic properties. Herein, a chemical vapor deposition route to ultrathin CoSe nanoplates with tunable structure phases is reported. By precisely tailoring the growth temperature, ultrathin 2D layered tetragonal CoSe nanoplates and nonlayered hexagonal CoSe nanoplates can be selectively prepared as square or hexagonal geometries, with thickness as thin as 2.3 and 3.7 nm, respectively. X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and selected area electron diffraction studies show that both types of nanoplates are high‐quality single crystals. Electrical transport studies reveal that both the tetragonal and hexagonal CoSe nanoplates show strong thickness‐tunable electrical properties and excellent breakdown current density. The 2D hexagonal CoSe nanoplates display metallic behavior with an excellent conductivity up to 6.6 × 105 S m−1 and an extraordinary breakdown current density up to 3.9 × 107 A cm−2, while the square tetragonal nanoplates show considerably lower conductivity up to 8.2 × 104 S m−1 with angle‐dependent magnetoresistance and weak antilocalization effect at lower field. This study offers a tunable material system for exploring multiphase 2D materials and their potential applications for electronic and magnetoelectronic devices.
Reducing Burn‐In Loss of Organic Photovoltaics by a Robust Electron‐Transporting Layer
Authors: Oh Hyerim , Sim Ha‐Bin , Han Seung Hee , Kwon Yong‐Ju , Park Jae Hyun , Kim Myung Hwa , Kim Jin Young , Kim Won‐Suk , Kim Kyungkon 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIt is revealed that instability of interface between photoactive layer and electron‐transporting layer (ETL) is one of the causes of the rapid degradation of organic photovoltaics (OPV) performance during initial operation (burn‐in loss) under the light soaking. The stability of OPV is greatly enhanced by applying a robust ETL composed of TiO2 nanoparticles (TNPs). The TNPs bound with π–π interactive 3‐phenylpentane‐2,4‐dione (TNP–Ph) form more robust ETLs than those bound with van der Waals interactive 3‐methyl‐2,4‐pentanedione TNP (TNP–Me). The OPV with TNP–Ph maintains 73% of its initial power conversion efficiency (PCE) after 1000 h of light soaking, whereas the PCE of OPV with TNP–Me substantially reduces to 25% of initial PCE. The impedance analysis reveals that the burn‐in loss is due to increase of resistance at the TNP ETL/photoactive layer interface during the light soaking. The transmission electron microscopy analysis shows that the TNP–Ph maintains most clear and robust interface with photoactive layer after the light‐soaking test. This is attributed to the strong π–π interaction between phenyl rings of TNP–Ph. However, the TNP–Me bound with van der Waals interactive organic ligands penetrates the photoactive layer during the light‐soaking test.
Doubly Coated, Organic–Inorganic Paraffin Phase Change Materials: Zinc Oxide Coating of Hermetically Encapsulated Paraffins
Authors: Mikhaylov Alexey A. , Medvedev Alexander G. , Grishanov Dmitry A. , Sladkevich Sergey , Xu Zhichuan J. , Sakharov Konstantin A. , Prikhodchenko Petr V. , Lev Ovadia 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA way to benefit from the favorable attributes of both organic microencapsulation, including the hermetic sealing of the organic phase change material (PCM) core, and inorganic microencapsulation, including dispersibility in aqueous and polar solvents and improved thermal conductivity, is outlined. The approach is demonstrated by uniformly coating organic polymer encapsulated PCMs with zinc oxide, which allows thermal percolation through the interconnected inorganic shells. It is demonstrated that hydrogen peroxide sol–gel processing can be used to form such uniform zinc peroxide coatings which are then converted by chemical treatment to zinc oxide shells. The way to overcome different challenges associated with the synthesis of thin film coatings of organic PCMs by zinc oxide are addressed, and the favorable attributes of the new doubly coated PCM capsules are demonstrated.
Arbitrary Manipulation of Light Intensity by Bilayer Aluminum Metasurfaces
Authors: Li Zhancheng , Liu Wenwei , Cheng Hua , Choi Duk‐Yong , Chen Shuqi , Tian Jianguo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRealizing the arbitrary manipulation of light intensity on the microscale is a fundamental requirement for the miniaturization and integration of optical devices, which would have a substantial impact in the fields of high‐resolution imaging and information encryption. Metasurfaces, which have unprecedented capabilities for light manipulation, provide an alternative way to achieve this requirement. Here, alignment‐free bilayer metasurfaces composed of aluminum nanorods are utilized to realize full and broadband polarization‐selective transmission of optical waves in the near‐infrared band. By independently adjusting the orientation angle of each nanorod, it is demonstrated that the proposed design is an appealing alternative for realizing arbitrary intensity manipulation of linearly polarized light; further, it is experimentally validated that the proposed bilayer metasurfaces can be widely used for microscale modulation of light intensity, gray imaging with high resolution, optical polarization encoding, and anti‐counterfeiting. The proposed bilayer metasurfaces pave the way for implementing the arbitrary manipulation of light intensity on the microscale.
Designing Molecular Photoswitches for Soft Materials Applications
Authors: Boelke Jan , Hecht Stefan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn order to respond to light stimuli, materials and devices thereof must contain a photoresponsive component. Ideally, this response is reversible and can be tuned depending on the desired application. In the context of soft material development, the integration of molecular photoswitches has proven a viable strategy. This Progress Report outlines molecular design principles to successfully transfer beneficial photoswitching performance from solution to the bulk. Selected examples of the most prominently used classes of photoswitches and their use in actuating and self‐healing materials as well as optoelectronic and microfluidic devices are highlighted. The current state of the art is critically discussed with emphasis on both the scientific challenges and the future promise for light‐responsive, smart soft matter technologies.
Improvement of Piezoresistive Properties of Suspended Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Arrays via Selective Trimming
Authors: Zheng Fuzhong , Hu Guangzhong , Liu Zhongbin , Wu Chenguang , Zhang Jie , Yang Xing , Zhou Zhaoying , Wu Ying , Kuang Shuangyang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAn efficient procedure for the fabrication of highly force‐sensitive aligned and suspended primitive single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) devices is developed. First, an array of individual ultra‐long SWNTs is grown by chemical vapor deposition and suspended between two adjacent Au electrodes adhered on a breakable Si wafer. Armchair metallic SWNTs and low‐resistivity quasi‐metallic SWNTs are then selectively removed from the suspended SWNT array to upgrade the electromechanical mechanism of this type of sensitive device by strain‐based electrical burn‐off. Second, energy band and thermoelectronic emission theories in semiconductor physics are combined to calculate and analyze the effect of the length of the suspended SWNT on the aforementioned burn‐off method. The increase in length of the suspended SWNT section facilitates the easy electromechanical characteristic optimization of the suspended SWNT array. Moreover, the suspended SWNT array has a strong electromechanical response after strain‐based electrical burn‐off with sensitivity (gauge factor) of more than 600, linearity of less than 8.27%, and no hysteresis. Finally, the thermal effect is discussed in terms of this analytical method and experimental results.
Design and Assembly of Reconfigurable 3D Radio‐Frequency Antennas Based on Mechanically Triggered Switches
Authors: Liu Fei , Cheng Xu , Zhang Fan , Chen Ying , Song Honglie , Huang Yonggang , Zhang Yihui 
Published: May 2019

AbstractReconfigurable radio frequency (RF) antennas represent a class of antennas whose radiation properties, in particular the working frequency, can be actively tuned to efficiently make use of the crowded frequency spectrum in wireless communications. Researchers have developed several different methods to design and fabricate reconfigurable antennas through use of deformable conducting materials or electrically/optically activated switches. Most of these antennas offer limited performance in terms of the working frequency tunability or the level of flexibility/stretchability. The design of stretchable and reconfigurable 3D RF antennas based on mechanically triggered switches, which leverages controlled compressive buckling to form the devices from patterned 2D precursor structures integrated with an elastomeric substrate, is presented. Theoretical modeling of the buckling process allows a rational design of mechanically triggered switches and reconfigurable antennas with desired activation strains applied to the substrate. Combined experimental and computational studies show that the developed antennas can be tuned to operate at a broad range of discrete frequencies, with a demonstration of the tunability from 2.3 to 7.7 GHz in a dipole‐like design. The design concepts and approaches reported herein could have promising applications in wireless bioelectronic devices.
Single Atoms and Clusters Based Nanomaterials for Hydrogen Evolution, Oxygen Evolution Reactions, and Full Water Splitting
Authors: Sultan Siraj , Tiwari Jitendra N. , Singh Aditya Narayan , Zhumagali Shynggys , Ha Miran , Myung Chang Woo , Thangavel Pandiarajan , Kim Kwang S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe sustainable and scalable production of hydrogen through hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen through oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in water splitting demands efficient and robust electrocatalysts. Currently, state‐of‐the‐art electrocatalysts of Pt and IrO2/RuO2exhibit the benchmark catalytic activity toward HER and OER, respectively. However, expanding their practical application is hindered by their exorbitant price and scarcity. Therefore, the development of alternative effective electrocatalysts for water splitting is crucial. In the last few decades, substantial effort has been devoted to the development of alternative HER/OER and water splitting catalysts based on various transition metals (including Fe, Co, Ni, Mo, and atomic Pt) which show promising catalytic activities and durability. In this review, after a brief introduction and basic mechanism of HER/OER, the authors systematically discuss the recent progress in design, synthesis, and application of single atom and cluster‐based HER/OER and water splitting catalysts. Moreover, the crucial factors that can tune the activity of catalysts toward HER/OER and water splitting such as morphology, crystal defects, hybridization of metals with nonmetals, heteroatom doping, alloying, and formation of metals inside graphitic layered materials are discussed. Finally, the existing challenges and future perspectives for improving the performance of electrocatalysts for water splitting are addressed.
Heat exchanger system boundary regulation
Authors: Ozorio Cassol Guilherme , Ni Dong , Dubljevic Stevan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe boundary feedback regulator design for heat exchangers with delayed feedback is developed. Counter‐flow/parallel‐flow heat exchanger systems described by a pair of coupled transport hyperbolic partial differential equations (PDEs) with delayed boundary feedback loop modeled by the boundary time lag are considered. The coupled transport hyperbolic PDEs and boundary delay by application of boundary transformation are transformed in the corresponding linear infinite‐dimensional system utilized in the regulator design. The regulator design initially addresses a full state feedback controller realization augmented by the observer design to achieve simultaneously output exponential stabilization as well as tracking and disturbance rejection of polynomial and/or harmonic type of reference signals. The simulations studies demonstrate the proposed design for counter‐flow and parallel‐flow heat exchangers, two common configurations present in industrial practice.