bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Dense Bodies of Human Platelets: Inherent Electron Opacity of the Serotonin Storage Particles
Authors: WHITE JAMES G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Platelets fixed in glutaraldehyde and then in osmic acid or potassium dichromate contain dense bodies which are known to be rich in serotonin. Opacity of the particles is believed to be due to a highly specific reaction between glutaraldehyde, serotonin and osmic acid. The present study has examined dense bodies of platelets in negatively stained whole mount preparations, unstained whole mounts, and glutaraldehyde fixed, plastic embedded cells not exposed to osmium or dichromate. The results demonstrate that dense bodies in platelet hyaloplasm are innately electron opaque. Osmic acid and potassium dichromate may deposit in dense bodies, but the metal containing oxidizing fixatives are not the primary cause of opacity to the electron beam. It is suggested that the inherent electron opacity may be due to a nucleation of heavy metals in the matrix of dense bodies.
The Chediak-Higashi Syndrome: Continuous Suspension Cultures Derived From Peripheral Blood
Authors: BLUME RALPH S. , GLADE PHILIP R. , GRALNICK HARVEY R. , CHESSIN LAWRENCE N. , HAASE ASHLEY T. , WOLFF SHELDON M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Long-term suspension cultures have been established from peripheral blood of a patient with the Chediak-Higashi syndrome and his father (a heterozygote). The cells in these lines were principally lymphoblastoid in appearance, synthesized immunoglobulins and interferon, and demonstrated a modest phagocytic capacity. Giant abnormal granules characteristic of the Chediak-Higashi syndrome were present in the Homozygous Lines, and abnormally large granules were also present in the Heterozygous Line. Histochemical and euchrysine supravital staining demonstrated the lysosomal nature of these granules. Striking Golgi zone prominence was present in the Heterozygous Line, and to a lesser extent, in the Homozygous Lines. The potential significance of the establishment of these unique lines for investigations of the Chediak-Higashi syndrome, the nature of the heterozygous state, and role of lysosomes in general is discussed.
Experimental Induction of Myelofibrosis with Myeloid Metaplasia
Authors: ARGANO SALVATORE A. P. , TOBIN MARK S. , SPAIN DAVID M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A simple and reproducible model for inducing a form of myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia by the injection of saponin intravenously is described. The histologic lesions produced resembled those of agnogenic MMM in man.
Haptoglobin Metabolism in Polycythemia Vera
Authors: KRAUSS STEPHEN 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Turnover studies with 125I-labeled haptoglobin (Hp) were performed in 7 patients with polycythemia vera, 2 patients with erythrocytosis of unknown etiology, and 2 control subjects.
2. The T½ of plasma radioactivity was shortened in 6 of the 7 patients with polycythemia vera; 3 of these had diminished plasma Hp levels but lacked other evidence of hemolysis.
3. The fractional catabolic rate exceeded 40 per cent/day in all subjects with a shortened half-time of plasma radioactivity.
4. Increases in the fractional catabolic rate were not accompanied by increases in Hp turnover (mg./kg./day), suggesting that accelerated Hp catabolism per se does not provide a stimulus to Hp production.
5. It is concluded that patients with polycythemia vera catabolize Hp more rapidly than nonpolycythemic subjects, possibly because of increased formation and removal of the haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex.
Brief Report: Transplantation of Allogeneic Canine Bone Marrow Stored at -80 C. in Dimethyl Sulfoxide
Authors: STORB R. , EPSTEIN R. B. , LE BLOND R. F. , RUDOLPH R. H. , THOMAS E. D. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Prompt initial bone marrow engraftment was observed in 10 lethally irradiated dogs receiving infusions of 9.8 to 30.0 x 109 allogeneic marrow cells stored at -80 C. in dimethyl sulfoxide. The 3 recipients of bone marrow from unrelated donors, mismatched by canine histocompatibility testing, subsequently rejected their grafts and died within 16 days with marrow hypoplasia. The 3 dogs with matched unrelated donors and the 4 with matched litter mate donors all showed sustained marrow engraftment. Evidence of marrow repopulation by allogeneic cells was obtained by cytogenetic studies in one and by change to donor red cell type in 3 instances.
Studies on Erythropoiesis II. A Method of Segregating Immature From Mature Adult Rabbit Erythroblasts
Authors: BORSOOK HENRY , RATNER KAREN , TATTRIE BRENDA 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A method is described of assessing the degree of maturation of erythroblasts in the marrow of adult rabbits. It has advantages over the conventional system of classification into pronormoblasts, basophilic, polychromatic and orthochromatic erythroblasts. Examples are given of the normal and two different extreme pictures: severe anemia (phenylhydrazine) and the early recovery stage after a nearly lethal injection of nitrogen mustard.
A method is described for segregating erythroblasts from adult normal rabbit marrow according to their degree of maturation. The erythroblasts are fractionated by centrifugation is a bovine serum albumin density gradient. A useful adjuvant procedure was prior lysis of the initial marrow cell suspension by an antiserum (goat) to rabbit erythrocytes. The appropriate concerntration of antiserum, with complement, lysed nearly all the acidophilic erythroblasts, reticulocytes and erythrocytes; basophilic erythroblasts remained, fewer, but more immature, the higher the concentration of antiserum used. Erythroblasts of the severely anemic (phenylhydrazine) rabbit were not fractionated as well as those of the normal by the centrifugation and not at all by the immune hemolysis procedure.
Immunologic Studies in Pernicious Anemia
Authors: TAI CHIAKI , MCGUIGAN JAMES E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Experiments were directed to the investigation of evidence of a possible role of cellular immunity in patients with pernicious anemia. Lymphocyte-rich peripheral leucocyte preparations from 29 patients with pernicious anemia were cultured in the presence of a variety of preparations containing potential antigens: these included human gastric juice, human intrinsic factor (IF) preparations, and human gastric mucosal homogenates. Lymphocyte transformation was determined by measurement of the uptake of tritiated thymidine into DNA. Lymphocyte transformation occurred when lymphocytes from a portion of the patients with pernicious anemia (3.4 per cent to 37.5 per cent) were cultured in the presence of these antigen preparations. Lymphocyte transformation was noted in none of the patients whose sera contained blocking antibodies to intrinsic factor. There was no correlation between the presence or absence of lymphocyte transformation and the presence or absence of serum antibodies to the gastric parietal cell cytoplasmic antigen. These data on lymphocyte transformation permit the consideration that cellular immunity may participate in the pathogenesis of pernicious anemia.
Immunologic Characterization of 12 Factor VIII Inhibitors
Authors: FEINSTEIN DONALD I. , RAPAPORT SAMUEL I. , CHONG MAY N. Y. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Twelve Factor VIII inhibitors were characterized as immunoglobulins by highly specific antisera. All 12 inhibitors were characterized as belonging to the γG class of immunoglobulins. Ten inhibitors contained only K type light chain determinants and two contained only γ chain determinants. Therefore, these inhibitors were homogeneous by these criteria. Homogeneity cannot be established, however, until H-chain subtyping can be carried out.
Studies of the Delayed Response of Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) Stimulated Lymphocytes in 25 Chronic Lymphatic Leukemia Patients Before and During Therapy
Authors: BOURONCLE BERTHA A. , CLAUSEN KATHRYN P. , ASCHENBRAND JOAN F. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Comparative studies of in vitro responses to PHA stimulation between normal lymphoctyes and lymphocytes of CLL have shown significant functional differences.
Lymphocytes from 25 normal subjects showed maximum response at three days, while the leukemic cells did not reach a maximum degree of transformation until seven days. Moreover, the maximum transformation of the leukemic lymphocytes was significantly less than that of the normal lymphocytes.
After therapy, the lymphoctyes of the leukemic patients showed a gradual return to the levels and rates of lymphocyte transformation of the normal controls. This generally followed hematologic and clinical remission by several months.
This in vitro system demonstrates functional differences between normal lymphocytes and the lymphoctyes of CLL. It could also be used as one method for judging the therapeutic efficacy of agents used in the treatment of CLL.
Absorption of Physiologic Doses of Folic Acid in Subjects with Tropical Sprue Responding to Tetracycline Therapy
Authors: KLIPSTEIN FREDERICK A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The response to therapy with oral tetracycline has been assessed in three subjects with tropical sprue, all of whom presented with a megaloblastic anemia due to combined folate and vitamin B12 deficiency, and all of whom were shown to have normal absorption prior to treatment of a physiologic dose of 25 µg. of folic acid, as tested by assay of the fecal excretion of a tritium-labeled test dose.
Treatment was associated with clinical and intestinal improvement and a hematologic response in all three subjects. The serum folate concentration rose to normal in one subject and the absorption of a pharmacologic dose of folic acid was normal when tested by microbiologic assay at the termination of the 20 day treatment period in all three. In contrast, both the absorption and serum concentrations of vitamin B12 remained subnormal.
These observations confirm the fact that folate deficiency can be present in some subjects with tropical sprue in whom the absorption of a physiologic dose of folic acid is normal. They suggest that in this circumstance folate repletion and the hematologic response secondary to tetracycline therapy in tropical sprue is mediated by a factor other than the absorption of crystalline folic acid; it is likely that this factor is increased absorption of dietary polyglutamate forms of folate.
Bone Marrow Reactions to Trauma Stimulation of Erythropoietic Marrow by Mechanical Disruption, Fracture or Endosteal Curettage
Authors: VAN DYKE DONALD , HARRIS NORMAN 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The present series of studies were designed to examine the effect of artificially altered bone blood flow on activity of the contained marrow. In normal animals bone blood flow was increased locally by fracture, endosteal curettage, and following mechanical disruption of the marow. Local stimulation of erythropoietic marrow was demonstrated following each procedure. Local injury to bone circulation followed high doses of radiation and resulted in permanent marrow aplasia.
Attempts to apply the implications of these studies to therapy of two patients with marrow failure produced inconclusive results. One patient with severe anemia due to idiopathic myelofibrosis improved abruptly and significantly following endosteal curettage of one femur. Unexpectedly there was no demonstrable increase in blood flow in the operated bone and improvement in marrow occurred in skeletal areas other than the operative site.
In a second patient with severe anemia and Fanconi’s syndrome, endosteal curettage of one femur resulted in a marked local increase in bone blood flow with no evidence of stimulation of marrow locally or at other sites and no improvement in clinical condition until institution of androgen therapy.
Further clinical trials of endosteal curettage as a therapeutic measure would appear to be justified.
The Analysis of Blood Diseases with the Electron Microprobe
Authors: BEAMAN D. R. , NISHIYAMA R. H. , PENNER J. A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Abnormal and normal blood smears were examined with an electron microprobe for their metallic Zn and Ti content in an attempt to confirm and extend the earlier work of Carroll and Tullis1 who had reported the simultaneous occurrence of Ti and Zn in up to 17 per cent of the examined leucocytes in various hematologic diseases. It was concluded that the earlier results1 were seriously affected by the presence of contaminants which, for the most part, were probably derived from materials present on the Si discs used as substrate material, from room dust or from improper handling. A thorough study of the possible sources of contamination revealed that Zn and particularly Ti were present on or in many of the materials used in these experiments. Only if external sources of Ti and Zn were avoided by careful sample preparation and handling were unambiguous results forthcoming. Twenty-three abnormal blood samples studied herein failed to show Ti and/or Zn in any leucocyte: nine of these which were collected on clean substrates in dust-free areas were, in addition, virtually free of contaminants or other noncellular materials. The examination of two samples provided by K. Carroll1 revealed that the simultaneous presence of Ti and Zn occurred primarily in noncellular material. Considerable information concerning blood and blood chemistry will be derived from electron microprobe examination, but, as discussed herein, careful consideration of probe operating variables and sample preparation will be essential.
Immunofluorescence Studies in Human Leukemia
Authors: BATES HENRY A. , BANKOLE RUFUS O. , SWAIM WILLIAM R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Plasma obtained from patients with leukemia, was concentrated by high speed centrifugation and used to prepare antisera in rabbits. Unabsorbed, anti-human leukemia plasma and anti-murine leukemia virus (Rauscher) anti-sera showed similar immunofluorescence with normal and leukemia leukocytes. After absorption of these antisera with normal human antigens, normal cells were non-reactive and leukemia cells still reactive. Each antisera was shown to contain antibodies capable of cross reacting with and/or blocking the immunofluorescent reaction of cells from acute myelogenous, stem cell, or lymphatic leukemia cases. Pre-immunization rabbit serum and anti-human normal plasma antisera failed to show these reactions. These and antisera to other antigens (human globulin, Herpesvirus, adenovirus) were also non-reactive with acute phase leukemia cells. Such findings indicated a specificity for human leukemia cells by the described antisera and that human leukemia cells and Rauscher murine leukemia virus may have common antigens.
Serial studies on leukemia patients showed that the number and intensity of fluorescing cells varied with the clinical state of the patient. The three antisera gave similar reactions in acute leukemia. Differences were noted in remission. It was postulated that these differences were due to other cellular antigens, masked during the acute phase reaction. Leukocytes from patients with Hodgkin’s disease, lymphoma(s) and multiple myeloma also showed fluorescence when reacted with anti-murine leukemia. (Rauscher) virus anti-serum. Whether this common antigenicity with leukemia cells indicates similar altered cell growth and/or related etiology remains unresolved.
Delayed Clearance of Chloramphenicol from Serum in Patients with Hematologic Toxicity
Authors: SUHRLAND LEIF G. , WEISBERGER AUSTIN S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The clearance of chloramphenicol from serum was studied in 18 patients. A significantly impaired clearance was found in all patients who manifested erythropoietic toxicity. Seven of the 18 patients were tested before chloramphenicol therapy was started. From these results it was possible to predict the patients who would subsequently develop hematologic toxicity. Therefore, prior testing with chloramphenicol may be valuable in screening adults susceptible to hematologic toxicity when the use of this drug is contemplated.
Studies in Iron Absorption IV. Effect of Humoral Factors on Iron Absorption
Authors: HÖGLUND S. , REIZENSTEIN P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. In a group of blood donors the mean serum iron concentration, and plasma clearance of iron did not differ significantly from normal means whereas the mean TIBC was increased. No statistically significant correlation existed between these values and the amount of blood donated in the year preceding the study.
2. The iron absorption was significantly correlated with the amount of blood donated during the year preceding the study, and the mean absorption value was significantly higher than in normal controls.
3. Compared to healthy men higher absorption values were likewise found in a group of healthy young women, without pathologic menstruations, and with essentially normal serum iron and TIBC values.
4. In order to discover how the intestine is instructed to increase iron absorption the correlations were studied between iron absorption and hemoglobin, serum iron, TIBC and plasma clearance of iron. No significant correlations were found. It is suggested that absorption is not primarily regulated by these factors. The finding of increased absorption in persons with essentially normal serum iron, TIBC and iron clearance supports this suggestion.
5. To determine whether the high absorption observed in women was a sign of iron deficiency, absorption was again studied after combined oral and parenteral iron treatment. It decreased in each case, except one where absorption remained unchanged.
6. Parenteral treatment alone, increased the serum iron but no statistically significant difference was found in TIBC, plasma clearance of iron, or iron absorption. Absorption after parenteral treatment was correlated mainly with pretreatment absorption.
7. After oral treatment on the other hand, absorption decreased significantly. No substantial changes were noted in serum iron or plasma clearance of iron, while TIBC unexpectedly increased. The findings support the view that no change in serum iron, TIBC or the plasma iron clearance is required to bring about a decrease in iron absorption.
Studies in Iron Absorption VI. Transitory Effect of Oral Administration of Iron on Iron Absorption
Authors: HÖGLUND S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Iron absorption was studied before and after oral iron treatment in 5 groups of blood donors where the post-treatment absorption tests were performed at varying times after the end of therapy. The normalizing effect of oral iron on iron absorption is considerable 1 to 3 days after treatment has ended. Later, it rapidly diminishes. This correlates well with the short life span of the intestinal mucosal cells, and it is assumed that the transitory effect is caused by the iron content of these cells. When the cells loaded with iron by oral treatment die, the effect decreases. The iron content of the mucosal cells thus seems to play a part in the regulation of iron absorption.
Brief Report: Plasma Activity of Antihemophilic Globulin (AHG) and Other Coagulation Factors in Swiss Type of Agammaglobulinemia
Authors: MAURER HAROLD M. , VALDES ORESTES , SHUMWAY CLARE N. , MASSIE F. STANFORD 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Although the site of synthesis and storage of antihemophilic globulin (AHG, Factor VIII) is unknown, available evidence suggests that these processes occur in the reticuloendothelial system. We studied the plasma activity of AHG and other coagulation factors in a patient with Swiss type of agammaglobulinemia. Except for increased fibrinogen concentration probably related to chronic infection, the activity of all coagulation factors including AHG was within the normal range. These studies suggest that the lymphocyte and plasma cell are unlikely sites of AHG synthesis or storage.
Chromosomal Aberrations in Polycythemia Vera
Authors: MODAN B. , PADEH B. , KALLNER H. , AKSTEIN E. , MEYTES D. , CZERNIAK P. , RAMOT B. , PINKHAS J. , MODAN M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A number of chromosomal aberrations, occurring in polycythemia vera patients are presented, with an emphasis on their nonspecific nature. Among radiophosphorus-treated patients the frequency of these aberrations was moderately higher. The one finding typical to P32 treated patients was the presence of dicentric chromosomes, and a dose response curve to the last P32 dose was demonstrated. A Philadelphia-like chromosome was observed in two patients with polycythemia vera and in one with benign erythrocytosis, all post P32 therapy.
A question is raised whether it is possible that the future course of the polycythemic patient is dependent upon the type and location of chromosomal damage, and in turn, on the establishment of a clone of cells with a selective developmental advantage.
A Closed System for Large-Scale Lymphocyte Purification
Authors: WOODS A. H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A method for lymphocyte purification is described. This is a closed system in which lightly heparinized blood is sedimented with Plasmagel in a plastic blood bag. The plasma layer is transferred to a second bag containing nylon powder and clotting is induced by agitation. Platelets, polymorphonuclear granulocytes, and monocytes are removed and trapped in the clot, together with the nylon powder. Lymphocyte suspension of 96 per cent purity and 61 per cent overall yield are produced. Viability of the lymphocytes is excellent and they are shown to be suitable for tissue culture. Comparison with other methods for lymphocyte isolation show this method to give higher yields and to be simpler in performance. It is particularly adaptable for large volumes of blood.
The Pattern of Stem Cell Repopulation in Heavily Irradiated Mice Receiving Transplants of Fetal Liver
Authors: KUBANEK BERNHARD , RENCRICCA NICHOLAS , PORCELLINI ADOLFO , HOWARD DONALD , STOHLMAN FREDERICK 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Pluripotential cells derived from fetal liver had a lower plating efficiency than adult marrow cells, but estimates of the generation time derived from the growth curve are significantly shorter and may account for the earlier erythroid population.
A Possible Mechanism for the Erythrocytosis Associated with Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Man
Authors: GORDON ALBERT S. , ZANJANI ESMAIL D. , ZALUSKY RALPH 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A case of hepatoma associated with erythrocytosis and increased levels of plasma ESF is described. Normal or tumorous liver tissue from this patient possessed neither erythropoiesis-stimulating activity nor a capacity to generate the ESF when incubated with normal human serum. Homogenates of tumor tissue served effectively as substrate for hypoxic rat REF in the generation of the ESF. Homogenates of nontumorous liver exhibited no substrate activity, but inactivated human urinary ESF when incubated with it. Homogenates of tumorous liver tissue lacked the capacity to inactivate the ESF.
It is suggested that the increased production or availability of substrate for the REF by the tumor significantly contributed to the increased levels of plasma ESF in this patient.
Prevalence of Precipitating Antibody to Antigens Derived from Burkitt Lymphoma Cultures Infected with Herpes-Type Virus (EB Virus)
Authors: STEVENS DAVID A. , PRY THOMAS W. , BLACKHAM ELIZABETH A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The development of a sensitive immunodiffusion test for precipitating antibodies to antigens derived from herpes-type virus (HTV) infected Burkitt lymphoma cells in tissue culture is described. Seroepidemiologic observations with 517 sera were made. Precipitating antibody was found in a majority of the normal adult population, in contrast to some previous reports. The number of precipitin bands obtained was directly related to the titer of antibody reacting in indirect immunofluorescence. Antibody activity appears markedly increased in the sera of patients with Burkitt’s lymphoma, as shown by percent positive and number of precipitin bands. Studies of the antigens suggest that the precipitins are virus-specific, and may be virion protein antigens.