bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and Synthesis of Bridging Chiral p–t‐Butylcalix[4]arene Tetrahydroisoquinolines and Their Application in Henry Reaction as Chiral Organocatalysts
Authors: Ma Hao , He Yong , Weng Xiu‐Fang , Tang Sheng‐An , Yan Jiu‐Xing , Li Shao‐Yong , Dong Wei‐Li , Ma Shi‐Kun 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA pair of bridging chiral p‐t‐butylcalix[4]arenes (2a and 2b) (were) synthesized from 1 through homologous anionic ortho‐Fries rearrangement, and optically resolved with (1S)‐(+)‐10‐camphorsulfonyl chloride as chiral auxiliary. Bridging chiral p‐t‐butylcalix[4]arene tetrahydroisoquinolines (9a and 9b) as chiral organocatalysts for Henry reaction were designed and synthesized through the structural modification of 2a and 2b, respectively. Compared to the catalytic enantioselectivity of the unmodified tertiary amine (4b: ∼0% ee and 63% yield), those of the tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives (9b: up to 13.4% ee and 96% yield) were distinctly enhanced. Although the increase magnitude of the catalytic ee is not remarkable, these catalytic results prove that the conformation inversion of calix[4]arene skeleton and the rotational freedom reduction of catalytic amine group indeed bring beneficial effects on the catalytic stereoselectivity.
Physicochemical and microbiological quality of the public water supply in 38 cities from the midwest region of the State of São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Palmeira Ághata Regina de Oliveira Alves , da Silva Valdete Aparecida Terolo Higa , Dias Júnior Francisco Lopes , Stancari Regina Célia Arantes , Nascentes Gabriel Antonio Nogueira , Anversa Laís 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe public water supply is a constant subject of concern since its quality depends on many different factors. The intention of this paper was to evaluate the quality of the public water supply in 38 cities from the midwest region of the State of São Paulo, Brazil, during the year of 2016. The parameters investigated included free residual chlorine,pH, apparent color, turbidity, fluoride, nitrate, and the presence of total coliforms andEscherichia coli. In total, from the 2,897 samples of water under analysis, 545 (18.81%) samples conflicted with the country's current legislation. The highest rates of noncompliance were related to fluoride contents and the presence of total coliforms. In addition, high nitrate concentrations (>10 mg/LNO3‐N) were observed in one of the cities’ water sample. Our data display the major critical points of the water offered to the population and expose the potential risks for human health, indicating the need of a regular surveillance of the water and the adoption of corrective and preventive measures, in order to avoid the waterborne diseases occurrence, thus contributing to the population's health improvement.Practitioner pointsApproximately 20% of the unsatisfactory water samples.High nitrate concentrations in public supply water.Potential risks for human health.
A new indicator of ionic polymeric flocculants for the removal of heavy metals anions: Specific charge density
Authors: Hou Rong , Zhao He , Cao Hongbin , Ning Jingheng 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIonic polymeric flocculants, as useful and widely used technology, have been applied for heavy metal pollution control. However, although molecular weight is an important indicator, it is not a comprehensive indicator for evaluating flocculation efficiencies of ionic flocculants. Herein, specific charge density (SCD), defined as charge density of unit molecular weight, is a new indicator to evaluate the performance of ionic polymer flocculants. Polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDADMAC) as coagulant aid is investigated to flocculate different anionic pollutants. The results indicate that PDADMAC with a high SCD value could benefit to the flocculation efficiency of anionic pollutants. According to statistical analysis, the average pollutants residual could decrease to 8.64%–32.27% by that with high SCD value, especially for high valence pollutants with a decrease from 58.97%–60.40% to 27.35%–32.27%. The indicator of SCD values not only could characterize the performance of polymer flocculants but also provide a new sight of the flocculation mechanism of polymeric flocculants.Practitioner points

Specific Charge Density (SCD) is defined as charge density of unit molecularweight.

SCD as a new indicator to evaluate comprehensively the performance of flocculants.

Removal efficiencies by flocculation increase with SCD value of PDADMAC increase.

Effect of SCD of PDADMAC on removal of pollutant with high valence is significant.

SCD of PDADMAC is less indicative for removal of pollutant with low valence.
Statistical analyses of flow rates of stormwater treatment bioretention media
Authors: Sileshi Redahegn , Pitt Robert E. , Clark Shirley E. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe design and performance of stormwater controls is affected by the treatment flow rates of bioretention media. This article presents the results of a large number of laboratory column tests conducted to examine the treatment flow rates for various mixtures of stormwater bioretention media. Statistical analyses were conducted to identify the treatment media having targeted treatment flow rates. It was found that the bioretention media treatment flow rates were most affected by the median particle size (D50) and uniformity coefficient (Cu) of the media, and the amount of organic matter. Statistical models were developed to evaluate and compare the treatment flow rates for various bioretention media mixtures. The findings of previous research (Sileshi, 2013) using two level, four factors (24, with varying texture [T], uniformity [U], organic content [OC], and compaction [C]) full‐factorial experiment study indicated that T and U of the media mixture have the greatest effect on the measured final infiltration rates of the media, followed by interactions of T and U; C; interactions of T and OC of the material; and interactions of U and OC of the material. As expected, media containing primarily larger particles (higher sand percentage) and, that is, uniformly graded (small uniformity coefficients) had the largest treatment flow rates. Compaction had minor effects if the organic matter content was low, but had significant effects on the flow rates for high organic matter content.Practitioner points

Bioretention media treatment flow rates were most affected by the median particle size and uniformity coefficient of the media, and the amount of organic matter.

Statistical models were developed to evaluate and compare the treatment flow rates for various bioretention media mixtures.

The media containing primarily larger particles and, that is, uniformly graded (small uniformity coefficients) had the largest treatment flow rate.
Effects of chemical reaction mechanism and NOx formation pathways on an inter-turbine burner
Authors: Perpignan A. A. V. , Gangoli Rao A. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTOne of the main challenges of future aircraft engines is to achieve low pollutant emissions while maintaining high combustion efficiencies and operability. The Flameless Combustion (FC) regime is pointed as one of the promising solutions due to its well-distributed reaction zones that yield low NOx emissions and oscillations. A dual-combustor configuration potentially facilitates the attainment of FC in the Inter-Turbine Burner (ITB). The development of such burner is dependent on knowledge regarding NOx formation and the parameters affecting it. It is known from the literature that the NOx formation mechanisms are different in FC. Therefore, in an attempt to clarify some of the mechanisms involved in NOx formation at relevant conditions, a chemical reactor network model developed to represent the ITB is explored. The role of prompt NOx was previously shown to be dominant at relatively low inlet temperatures and atmospheric pressure. In order to check these findings, five chemical reaction mechanisms were employed. All of them overpredicted NOx emissions and the overprediction is likely to be caused by the prompt NOx subset implemented in these mechanisms. Higher reactants temperatures and operational pressures were also investigated. Overall NOx emissions increased with temperature and the NOx peak moved to lower equivalence ratios. Operational pressure changed the emissions trend with global equivalence ratio. Leaner conditions had behaviour similar to that of conventional combustors (increase in NOx), while NOx dropped with further increase in equivalence ratio due to suppression of the prompt NOx production, as well as an increase in NO reburning. These trends highlight the differences between the emission behaviour of the ITB with those of a conventional combustion system.
THE BECKER–COASE THEOREM RECONSIDERED
Authors: Chiappori Pierre-Andre , Iyigun Murat , Weiss Yoram 
Published: April 2019

Abstract:We reconsider the well-known Becker–Coase (BC) theorem according to which changes in divorce law should not affect divorce rates. We do that in a context of households that consume public goods in addition to private goods. For the Becker–Coase theorem to hold in this setting, utility must be transferable both within marriage and upon divorce, and the marginal rate of substitution between public and private consumption needs to be invariant in marital status. We show that if divorce alters the way some goods are consumed (either because some goods that are public in marriage become private in divorce or because divorce affects either the marginal rate of substitution between public and private goods or even the cardinalization of a spouse’s utility), then the Becker–Coase theorem holds only for very specific preferences. We conclude that, in general, divorce laws will influence the divorce rate, although the impact of a change in divorce laws can go in either direction.
Walking on thin ice: the perception of tortious liability rules and the effect on altruistic behaviour
Authors: Peyer Sebastian , Heywood Rob 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLaypeople are often deterred from undertaking altruistic acts, assuming that they face a risk of negligence liability should they injure others while helping. We argue that the laypeople's interpretation of the law does not correspond with the courts’ interpretation of negligence liability. Reviewing the case law, we demonstrate that the courts treat such cases with leniency in the spirit of the Compensation Act 2006, s 1 and the Social Action, Responsibility and Heroism Act (SARAH) 2015, s 2. Thus, the negligence liability rules do not offer a sufficient explanation for the widely-held opinion that acts of altruism may give rise to liability. We hypothesise that the public's perception of legal rules is determined by a number of well-known biases and is not founded in the law itself. In the light of those biases, we contend that the function of the Compensation Act 2006, s 1 and SARAH 2015 does not lie in the substance but in their value as potential signals to reassure laypeople.
Fullness of crossed products of factors by discrete groups
Authors: Marrakchi Amine 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLet M be an arbitrary factor and $\sigma : \Gamma \curvearrowright M$ an action of a discrete group. In this paper, we study the fullness of the crossed product $M \rtimes _\sigma \Gamma $. When Γ is amenable, we obtain a complete characterization: the crossed product factor $M \rtimes _\sigma \Gamma $ is full if and only if M is full and the quotient map $\overline {\sigma } : \Gamma \rightarrow {\rm out}(M)$ has finite kernel and discrete image. This answers the question of Jones from [11]. When M is full and Γ is arbitrary, we give a sufficient condition for $M \rtimes _\sigma \Gamma $ to be full which generalizes both Jones' criterion and Choda's criterion. In particular, we show that if M is any full factor (possibly of type III) and Γ is a non-inner amenable group, then the crossed product $M \rtimes _\sigma \Gamma $ is full.
Les él i tes du haut Moyen Âge
Authors: Bougard François , Bührer-Thierry Geneviève , Jan Régine Le 
Published: April 2019

RésuméRéfléchir aux statuts qui caractérisent les sociétés du haut Moyen Âge suppose de sortir d’une classification juridique et de recourir à des notions issues de la sociologie politique : ainsi le concept d’élites permet-il de prendre en considération tous ceux qui jouissent d’une position sociale élevée au sein de leur communauté, que ce soit par leur fortune, leur pouvoir ou leur culture. S’appuyant sur les sources textuelles et archéologiques, l’historien peut; tenter de repérer les processus de distinction et de reconnaissance sociale qui caractérisent les élites tout au long du haut Moyen Âge (VIe-XIesiècle). L’époque carolingienne montre des signes de hiérarchisation croissante, engendrant des stratégies mises au point tant par les individus que par les groupes, afin de conforter leurs positions et d’empêcher un éventuel déclassement. Les processus de mobilité sociale permettent aussi de proposer une mise en perspective chronologique et régionale, en variant les échelles au sein desélites, tout en se gardant d’une analyse trop structurelle.
Development of a cancer pain self-management resource to address patient, provider, and health system barriers to care
Authors: Luckett Tim , Davidson Patricia M. , Green Anna , Marie Natalie , Birch Mary-Rose , Stubbs John , Phillips Jane , Agar Meera , Boyle Frances , Lovell Melanie 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe majority of self-management interventions are designed with a narrow focus on patient skills and fail to consider their potential as “catalysts” for improving care delivery. A project was undertaken to develop a patient self-management resource to support evidence-based, person-centered care for cancer pain and overcome barriers at the levels of the patient, provider, and health system.MethodThe project used a mixed-method design with concurrent triangulation, including the following: a national online survey of current practice; two systematic reviews of cancer pain needs and education; a desktop review of online patient pain diaries and other related resources; consultation with stakeholders; and interviews with patients regarding acceptability and usefulness of a draft resource.ResultFindings suggested that an optimal self-management resource should encourage pain reporting, build patients’ sense of control, and support communication with providers and coordination between services. Each of these characteristics was identified as important in overcoming established barriers to cancer pain care. A pain self-management resource was developed to include: (1) a template for setting specific, measureable, achievable, relevant and time-bound goals of care, as well as identifying potential obstacles and ways to overcome these; and (2) a pain management plan detailing exacerbating and alleviating factors, current strategies for management, and contacts for support.Significance of resultsSelf-management resources have the potential for addressing barriers not only at the patient level, but also at provider and health system levels. A cluster randomized controlled trial is under way to test effectiveness of the resource designed in this project in combination with pain screening, audit and feedback, and provider education. More research of this kind is needed to understand how interventions at different levels can be optimally combined to overcome barriers and improve care.
Identifying Fe I Levels from Stellar Spectra
Authors: Peterson Ruth C. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe spectrum of the Fe I atom is critical to many areas of astrophysics and beyond. Measurements of the energies of its high-lying levels remain seriously incomplete. Here we update the work by Peterson & Kurucz (2015) to identify such levels using new and archival high-resolution absorption-line UV and optical spectra of stars whose warm temperatures favor Fe I lines. Our GO-14161 Hubble program will obtain UV spectra for four metal-poor turnoff stars, archive them at ASTRAL, and draw from them the new identifications of 250 – 500 Fe I levels.
Improved and Expanded Near-IR Oscillator Strengths for Fe-group Elements
Authors: Wood Michael P. , Nave Gillian , Sneden Chris 
Published: April 2019

AbstractModern experimental techniques, including LIF lifetime and FTS branching fraction measurements, have increased the reliability of atomic transition probabilities in the UV and visible. However, this combination is problematic in the increasingly important IR region, resulting in a significant gap between the capabilities to record new astronomical spectra and the data needed to sufficiently analyze them. To aid in closing this gap, we are incorporating alternative techniques to measure sets of Fe-group oscillator strengths in the near-IR.
New laboratory atomic data for neutral, singly, and doubly ionised iron group elements for astrophysics applications
Authors: Pickering Juliet C. , Nave Gillian , Liggins Florence , Clear Christian , Ruffoni Matthew , Sansonetti Craig 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe report new measurements of atomic data for the neutral, singly and doubly ionised iron group element spectra for modern astrophysics applications.
A systematic and detailed investigation of radiative rates for forbidden transitions of astrophysical interest in doubly ionized iron peak elements
Authors: Quinet Pascal , Fivet Vanessa , Bautista Manuel 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe carried out a systematic study of the electronic structure of doubly-ionized Fe-peak species, from Sc III to Ni III. The magnetic dipole (M1) and electric quadrupole (E2) transition probabilities were computed using the pseudo-relativistic Hartree-Fock (HFR) method and the central Thomas-Fermi-Dirac-Amaldi potential approximation implemented in the AUTOSTRUCTURE code. This multi-platform approach allowed for consistency checks and intercomparison and has proven very useful in many previous works for estimating the uncertainties affecting the radiative data.
SO2 and CO2 IR line lists for atmospheric modeling on Venus and Exoplanets
Authors: Huang Xinchuan , Schwenke David W. , Lee Timothy J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHighly accurate IR line lists are ready for 13 CO2 isotopologues and 7 SO2 isotopologues. Ames-296K IR lists carry 0.01 - 0.03 cm−1 accuracy up to 13,000 cm−1 for CO2 and 5500 cm−1 for SO2, and 90–95% intensity agreement for most observable bands. Good for atmospheric modeling on Venus and Exoplanets.
Line surveys of irradiated protostars: Photo-destruction and evaporation
Authors: Lindberg Johan E. , Charnley Steven B. , Jørgensen Jes K. , Watanabe Yoshimasa , Bisschop Suzanne E. , Sakai Nami , Yamamoto Satoshi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSubmillimetre observations of the externally irradiated protostar R CrA IRS7B show that this source has dramatically different chemical abundances in comparison with otherwise similar embedded protostars not subject to external irradiation.
Infrared spectroscopy in the C–H stretching region towards embedded high-mass young stellar objects in the Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Shimonishi Takashi , Dartois Emmanuel , Onaka Takashi , Boulanger François 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe report the results of infrared spectroscopic observations of embedded high-mass young stellar objects in the Large Magellanic Cloud. The CH3OH ice absorption band as well as the 3.47 μm absorption band are detected toward the embedded sources in the LMC. The properties of these spectral bands in the low metallicity environment are investigated based on comparisons with Galactic embedded sources.
Entoto Twining Telescopes: first facilities in East Africa for astronomy research
Authors: Tessema Solomon Belay , Berdnikov Leonid 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRecently Entoto observatory and research Center launched two 1-m twining telescopes, located on the Entoto mountain in the suburb of Addis Ababa. These telescopes, equipped with four CCDs and echelle spectrograph, will be used for observations of the different types of variable stars, X-ray binaries, double stars, star clusters, exo-planets etc.
Migrating Bedforms Generated by Solitary Waves
Authors: La Forgia Giovanni , Adduce Claudia , Falcini Federico , Paola Chris 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe present experimental results on the formation of streamwise asymmetric, migrating bedforms resulting from the transition of successive surface solitary waves (SSW) interacting with an initially flat sandy bottom. We analyze seven cases, with differing ratios between SSW height and water depth. For each experiment, we generated 400 SSWs having the same features, investigating their effects on the bed, in terms of near‐bed velocity and erosional patterns. Our work proves that SSWs can generate asymmetric bedforms, similar in shape to dunes. The triggering process occurs in the region where the reverse flow induced by bottom boundary layer separation produces local erosion. The action of successive SSWs over the newly formed discontinuities gives rise to bedforms. Differently from steady flows, dune load decreases for larger wave‐induced bottom shear stress.
Magneto-transport in inverted HgTe quantum wells
Authors: Yahniuk Ivan , Krishtopenko Sergey S. , Grabecki Grzegorz , Jouault Benoit , Consejo Christophe , Desrat Wilfried , Majewicz Magdalena , Kadykov Alexander M. , Spirin Kirill E. , Gavrilenko Vladimir I. , Mikhailov Nikolay N. , Dvoretsky Sergey A. , But Dmytro B. , Teppe Frederic , Wróbel Jerzy , Cywiński Grzegorz , Kret Sławomir , Dietl Tomasz , Knap Wojciech 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHgTe quantum wells (QWs) are two-dimensional semiconductor systems that change their properties at the critical thickness dc, corresponding to the band inversion and topological phase transition. The motivation of this work was to study magnetotransport properties of HgTe QWs with thickness approaching dc, and examine them as potential candidates for quantum Hall effect (QHE) resistance standards. We show that in the case of d > dc (inverted QWs), the quantization is influenced by coexistence of topological helical edge states and QHE chiral states. However, at d ≈ dc, where QW states exhibit a graphene-like band structure, an accurate Hall resistance quantization in low magnetic fields (B ≤ 1.4 T) and at relatively high temperatures (T ≥ 1.3 K) may be achieved. We observe wider and more robust quantized QHE plateaus for holes, which suggests—in accordance with the “charge reservoir” model—a pinning of the Fermi level in the valence band region. Our analysis exhibits advantages and drawbacks of HgTe QWs for quantum metrology applications, as compared to graphene and GaAs counterparts.
Remote imaging of single cell 3D morphology with ultrafast coherent phonons and their resonance harmonics
Authors: Liu Liwang , Viel Alexis , Le Saux Guillaume , Plawinski Laurent , Muggiolu Giovanna , Barberet Philippe , Pereira Marco , Ayela Cédric , Seznec Hervé , Durrieu Marie-Christine , Olive Jean-Marc , Audoin Bertrand 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCell morphological analysis has long been used in cell biology and physiology for abnormality identification, early cancer detection, and dynamic change analysis under specific environmental stresses. This work reports on the remote mapping of cell 3D morphology with an in-plane resolution limited by optics and an out-of-plane accuracy down to a tenth of the optical wavelength. For this, GHz coherent acoustic phonons and their resonance harmonics were tracked by means of an ultrafast opto-acoustic technique. After illustrating the measurement accuracy with cell-mimetic polymer films we map the 3D morphology of an entire osteosarcoma cell. The resulting image complies with the image obtained by standard atomic force microscopy, and both reveal very close roughness mean values. In addition, while scanning macrophages and monocytes, we demonstrate an enhanced contrast of thickness mapping by taking advantage of the detection of high-frequency resonance harmonics. Illustrations are given with the remote quantitative imaging of the nucleus thickness gradient of migrating monocyte cells.