bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in the prescribing of topical nasal agents Using an NHS England data base
Authors: Saeed H.S. , Wright R.B. , Ghosh S.K. 
Published: May 2018

ObjectivesOur aim is to present data depicting geographical prescribing trends and expenditure related to topical nasal agent prescriptions across clinical commissioning groups (CCG's) in England. We assess if prescribing trends can act as a surrogate marker for allergic rhinitis (AR) and rhinosinusitis disease burden (RS).DesignNHS England primary care prescriptions dispensed for topical drugs used in nasal allergy (BNF chapter 12.2.1) were accessed using OpenPrescribing beta software. Graphical data over a 5‐year period was generated to highlight nationwide trends in prescribing and expenditure. Out of 211 CCG districts, the highest and lowest 40 prescribing rate CCG's were subdivided according to rural/urban output and geographical location to highlight specific regional trends. Two sampled, paired and unpaired t tests of unequal variance were performed to determine the significance of observed trends.ResultsThe 5‐year trend in prescription rate (mean yearly expenditure £40 725 258) for drugs used in nasal allergy marginally increased. Peak prescription was during months of high environmental pollen. Regardless of pollen season (June 2016 vs November 2015), CCG's of urban districts had significantly lower rates of prescribing (P ≤ .001). Amongst the 40 lowest and 40 highest prescribing rate CCG's, prescription rates fell significantly between months of high and low environmental pollen (P ≤ .0001). Regardless of pollen season, rural eastern and eastern coastal districts of England had persistently high rates of prescription.ConclusionsThis study shows marked geographical variation in prescribing for topical nasal agents in England. There is propensity for eastern districts to have higher rates of prescribing in England. Adopting prescribing trends as a surrogate marker for disease burden could allow allergy and endoscopic sinus surgery services to be concentrated to specific regions. This would provide more effective, economical treatment for both AR and RS.
Executive migration: How information cues from departing firms and the labor market affect shareholder value
Authors: Khan Sarfraz , Kalelkar Rachana , Miller Stewart R. , Gerard Sanders Wm. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractManuscript TypeEmpirical.Research Question/IssueThis study examines the extent to which newly‐hired migrating executives affect shareholder reaction at their arriving firms. We draw upon the information economics and upper echelons literatures to explain how (1) deviant behavior and ability information cues from an executive's “departing” firm contribute to shareholder value at the “arriving” firm and how (2) labor market information cues moderate these relationships.Research Findings/InsightsWe use event study methodology to determine investors' reactions to the hiring announcements. We test our framework with a sample of 268 chief financial officers who migrated between 2002 and 2014. Controlling for sample selection and endogeneity, we find that a financial restatement at the migrating executive's departing firm adversely affects shareholder reaction at the arriving firm, and the effect is stronger when the migration is recent (i.e., within one year). An extended analysis reveals an interaction between departing firm financial restatement and departing firm financial performance.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsOur study contributes to the literature by theorizing and showing that investors screen by using information cues from migrating executives' departing firms when signals are not salient in order to determine their contributions to shareholder reaction at arriving firms. Investors react negatively to deviant behavior information cues from the departing firms of newly hired executives. Also, the framework explains the moderating effect of labor market information cues—investors react unfavorably to deviant behavior information cues when they involve same‐year executive migrations.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsOur study suggests that investors and hiring firms have divergent views on the value added of deviant behavior, yet convergent views on the value added from executive abilities.
Health Research Participation, Opportunity, and Willingness Among Minority and Rural Communities of Arkansas
Authors: McElfish Pearl A. , Long Christopher R. , Selig James P. , Rowland Brett , Purvis Rachel S. , James Laura , Holland Angel , Felix Holly C. , Narcisse Marie‐Rachelle 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPrior research suggests that rural and minority communities participate in research at lower rates. While rural and minority populations are often cited as being underrepresented in research, population‐based studies on health research participation have not been conducted. This study used questions added to the 2015 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to understand factors associated with i) health research participation, ii) opportunities to participate in health research, and iii) willingness to participate in health research from a representative sample (n = 5,256) of adults in Arkansas. Among all respondents, 45.5% would be willing to participate in health research if provided the opportunity and 22.1% were undecided. Only 32.4% stated that they would not be willing to participate in health research. There was no significant difference in participation rates for rural or racial/ethnic minority communities. Furthermore, racial/ethnic minority respondents (Black or Hispanic) were more likely to express their willingness to participate.
Would intravitreal bevacizumab injection increase risk of cerebral infarction?
Authors: Kwon J. , Jee D. , Lim S. H. 
Published: May 2018

Background and PurposeAlthough studies have evaluated the relationship between intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) injection and cerebral infarction (CI), the effects of IVB on CI are still not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of IVB injection on patients with CI with age‐related macular degeneration (AMD).MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed patients with AMD who received IVB injections for 1 year and determined the incidence of CI within 60 days after IVB injection to analyze the possible association between IVB and CI.ResultsA total of 263 patients were enrolled over a 12‐month period. Six patients (2.28%) were diagnosed with CI within 2 months after receiving an IVB injection. The incidence of CI in patients of 75–84 years of age was 6.38%. These results showed a higher incidence for patients with IVB injections than the results of previous epidemiological studies (0.13% for all age groups, 1.68% for patients of 75–84 years of age). All CIs occurred 21–53 days after the IVB injection (mean: 39.33 ± 14.65 days). Logistic regression analyses showed that age and CI history were factors associated with CI.ConclusionsTreatment with IVB might be an independent risk factor for CI. These results are useful for planning treatment strategies for patients with AMD and for prevention of CI.
Serum serotonin levels in patients with epileptic seizures
Authors: Murugesan Arun , Rani M. R. Sandhya , Hampson Johnson , Zonjy Bilal , Lacuey Nuria , Faingold Carl L. , Friedman Daniel , Devinsky Orrin , Sainju Rup K. , Schuele Stephan , Diehl Beate , Nei Maromi , Harper Ronald M. , Bateman Lisa M. , Richerson George , Lhatoo Samden D. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryProfound cardiovascular and/or respiratory dysfunction is part of the terminal cascade in sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Central control of ventilation is mediated by brainstem rhythm generators, which are influenced by a variety of inputs, many of which use the modulatory neurotransmitter serotonin to mediate important inputs for breathing. The aim of this study was to investigate epileptic seizure–induced changes in serum serotonin levels and whether there are potential implications for SUDEP. Forty‐one epileptic patients were pooled into 2 groups based on seizure type as (1) generalized tonic–clonic seizures (GTCS) of genetic generalized epilepsy and focal to bilateral tonic–clonic seizures (FBTCS; n = 19) and (2) focal seizures (n = 26) based on clinical signs using surface video‐electroencephalography. Postictal serotonin levels were statistically significantly higher after GTCS and FBTCS compared to interictal levels (P = .002) but not focal seizures (P = .941). The change in serotonin (postictal‐interictal) was inversely associated with a shorter duration of tonic phase of generalized seizures. The interictal serotonin level was inversely associated with a shorter period of postictal generalized electroencephalographic suppression. These data suggest that peripheral serum serotonin levels may play a role in seizure features and earlier postseizure recovery; these findings merit further study.
Surgical correction of entrapment of the large colon and caecum through a mesoduodenal rent with standing laparoscopic repair in a mare
Authors: Cypher E. E. , Blackford J. , Snowden R. T. , Sexton J. A. , Schumacher J. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryA 12‐year‐old Tennessee Walking Horse mare displaying signs of severe colic for 48 h was found during an exploratory celiotomy to have entrapment of a cranially displaced large colon and the caecum through a rent in the mesoduodenum. The entrapment was relieved, and 24 h later, the mesoduodenal rent was closed laparoscopically, with the mare standing. The owner reported 6 months later that the mare had displayed no signs of colic since being discharged from the hospital 11 days after surgery.
Williams' expansion‐based approximation of the displacement field in an Al 2024 compact tension specimen reconstructed from optical measurements
Authors: Seitl S. , Malíková L. , Růžička V. , Moreno B. , Lopez‐Crespo P. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA study on the approximation of the displacement field in the vicinity of a crack tip in a compact tension specimen made from Al 2024‐T351 is presented. Components of displacements vector are expressed using the linear elastic fracture mechanics theory via Williams' power series multi‐parameter formulation. Determination of the coefficients of the terms of this series is performed using a least squares‐based regression technique known as over deterministic method for which displacements data obtained experimentally via optical measurements are taken as inputs. The displacement fields reconstructed are discussed, and several conclusions are drawn regarding the number of the Williams' power series terms considered and the region where the displacement are investigated.
Four‐year measurement of net ecosystem gas exchange of switchgrass in a Mediterranean climate after long‐term arable land use
Authors: Di Virgilio Nicola , Facini Osvaldo , Nocentini Andrea , Nardino Marianna , Rossi Federica , Monti Andrea 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSwitchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a perennial lignocellulosic crop that has gained large interest as a feedstock for advanced biofuels. Using an eddy covariance system, we monitored the net ecosystem gas exchange in a 5‐ha rainfed switchgrass crop located in the Po River Valley for four consecutive years after land‐use change from annual food crops. Switchgrass absorbed 58.2 Mg CO2 ha−1 year−1 (GPP—gross primary production), of which 24.5 (42%) were fixed by the ecosystem (NEE—net ecosystem exchange). Cumulated NEE was negative (i.e. C sink) even in the establishment year when biomass and canopy photosynthesis are considerably lower compared to the following years. Taking into account the last 3 years only (postestablishment years), mean NEE was −26.9 Mg CO2 ha−1 year−1. When discounted of the removed switchgrass biomass, ecosystem CO2 absorption was still high and corresponded to −8.4 Mg CO2 ha−1 year−1. The estimation of the life cycle global warming effect made switchgrass an even greater sink (−12.4 Mg CO2 ha−1 year−1), thanks to the credits obtained with fossil fuels displacement. Water use efficiency (WUE), that is the ratio of NEE to the water used by the crop as the flux of transpiration (ET), corresponded to 1.6 mg C g−1 of H2O, meaning that, on average, 170 m3 of water was needed to fix 1 Mg of CO2. Again, considering only the postestablishment years, WUE was 1.7 mg C g−1 of H2O. In the end, about half of annual precipitation was used by the crop every year. We conclude that switchgrass can be a valuable crop to capture significant amount of atmospheric CO2 while preserving water reserves and estimated that its potential large‐scale deployment in the Mediterranean could lead to an annual greenhouse gas emission reduction up to 0.33% for the EU.
Substance P and Calcitonin gene‐related peptide expression in human periodontal ligament after root canal preparation with Reciproc Blue, WaveOne Gold, XP EndoShaper and hand files
Authors: Caviedes‐Bucheli J. , Rios‐Osorio N. , Rey‐Rojas M. , Laguna‐Rivero F. , Azuero‐Holguin M. M. , Diaz L. E. , Curtidor H. , Castaneda‐Ramirez J. J. , Munoz H. R. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAimTo quantify Substance P (SP) and Calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) expression in healthy human periodontal ligament from premolars after root canal preparation with Reciproc Blue, WaveOne Gold, XP EndoShaper and hand files.MethodologyA total of 50 human periodontal ligament samples were obtained from healthy mandibular premolars where extraction was indicated for orthodontic reasons. Prior to extraction, 40 of these premolars were equally divided into four groups, and root canals were prepared using four different systems: Reciproc Blue, WaveOne Gold, XP EndoShaper and a hand instrumentation technique. The remaining 10 healthy premolars were extracted without treatment and served as a negative control group. All periodontal ligament samples were processed, and SP and CGRP were measured by radioimmunoassay. The Kruskal–Wallis test was used to establish significant differences between groups and LSD post hoc comparisons were also performed.ResultsGreater SP and CGRP values were found in the hand instrumentation group, followed by the XP EndoShaper, WaveOne Gold and the Reciproc groups. The lower SP and CGRP values were for the healthy periodontal ligament group. The Kruskal–Wallis test revealed significant differences between groups (P < 0.05). Post hoc Least Significant Difference (LSD) tests revealed significant differences (P < 0.05) in SP and CGRP expression between all the comparisons except for the Reciproc Blue and WaveOne Gold group (P > 0.05).ConclusionAll the root canal preparation techniques tested increased SP and CGRP expression in human periodontal ligament, with hand files and XP EndoShaper instruments being associated with greater neuropeptide release compared to Reciproc Blue and WaveOne Gold files.
Effect of UV‐B treatment during the growth process on the postharvest quality of mung bean sprouts (Vigna radiata)
Authors: Gui Mengyuan , He Hui , Li Yida , Chen Xiaoxuan , Wang Hanbo , Wang Taixia , Li Jingyuan 
Published: May 2018

SummaryThe production patterns and nutritious qualities of mung bean sprouts are in line with the consumption needs of modern people. This study was conducted to explore the effects of low doses of UV‐B irradiation on the 3‐day growth period of mung bean sprouts. The results showed that, when mung bean sprouts were irradiated with UV‐B (0.738 kJ m−2) for 1 h per day, their total phenolic content increased by 22.80%, and the activity of polyphenol oxidase decreased by 45.45%. Hypocotyl epidermis stomata were closed, reducing water loss and the opportunity for microbes to invade plants, leading to the maintenance of freshness of the sprouts. In conclusion, UV‐B irradiation for 1 h per day during the growth of mung bean sprouts can effectively improve their preservation. This method is a low‐cost, environmental friendly and pollution‐free physical preservation technique, and it has good application prospects.
Process analytical technology for cheese manufacture
Authors: Panikuttira Bhavya , O'Shea Norah , Tobin John T. , Tiwari Brijesh K. , O'Donnell Colm P. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryRecent research on the development and application of process analytical technology (PAT) for cheese manufacture is reviewed in this article. PAT is a framework for innovative process manufacturing and quality assurance, which has been widely investigated for dairy processing applications, where particular processing challenges arise due to the variations in the physiochemical properties of milk. Cheese manufacturers are increasingly considering the adoption of a PAT approach to facilitate manufacture of cheese with enhanced product quality, safety and process efficiency. However, to date adoption of PAT in the dairy industry has been limited due to challenges associated with development and validation of calibration models, instrument variability, sanitary design and compatibility with processing environments. New technical developments in PAT tools, advances in chemometric modelling, robust data management tools and improved understanding of critical product and process parameters will facilitate further adoption of a PAT approach in cheese manufacture.
Accumulation and effects of dietary advanced glycation end products on the gastrointestinal tract in rats
Authors: Yuan Xiaojin , Zhao Jinsong , Qu Wanting , Zhang Yingxiao , Jia Benpan , Fan Zhiyi , He Qihan , Li Juxiu 
Published: May 2018

SummaryThe gastrointestinal (GI) tract represents the first barrier against the penetration of organisms by dietary advanced glycation end products (AGEs), but the tissue accumulation of AGEs and AGE‐induced effects on the GI tract have yet to be completely elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the tissue accumulation of AGEs and AGE‐induced oxidative stress and inflammation in the GI tract of rats after long‐term consumption of AGEs from bread crust (BC). The GI tract was then removed to analyse carboxymethyllysine (CML) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) and the levels of tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6). This study demonstrates that the oral intake of AGEs promotes their accumulation in the GI tract, and AGEs attenuate the first‐line antioxidant defence and stimulate the inflammatory response of the GI tract by downregulating enzymatic antioxidative pathways and increasing inflammatory cytokine levels.
Engagement of a Person with Dementia Scale: Establishing content validity and psychometric properties
Authors: Jones Cindy , Sung Billy , Moyle Wendy 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAimTo develop and psychometrically test the Engagement of a Person with Dementia Scale.BackgroundIt is important to study engagement in people with dementia when exploring the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions that can promote meaningful activity, stimulation and well‐being, through an increase in positive emotions and an improvement in quality of life. The Engagement of a Person with Dementia Scale was developed based on current literature and previous research work on a video coding tool to ascertain the effect of psychosocial interventions on engagement in people with dementia.Design/MethodUsing the Delphi technique, the content validity of the scale was evaluated by 15 dementia experts and formal/informal dementia carers. Psychometric properties of the scale were evaluated using 131 videos of people with dementia presented with PARO—a therapeutic, interactive, robotic seal—in long‐term aged care facilities.ResultsA 10‐item scale was established following the rewording, combining and elimination of prospective items, with revisions made to the instructions for using and scoring the scale. An overall consensus with agreement for the scale was established among the panel of experts. The scale demonstrated robust internal consistency, inter‐rater and test–retest reliability and convergent and discriminant validity.ConclusionThis study successfully developed the Engagement of a Person with Dementia Scale, with established content validity and psychometric properties. The scale assesses the behavioural and emotional expressions and responses of engagement by people with dementia when partaking in a psychosocial activity in five areas: affective, visual, verbal, behavioural and social engagement.
Relational Turbulence Theory Applied to the Transition from Deployment to Reintegration
Authors: Knobloch Leanne K. , Theiss Jennifer A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe transition from deployment to reintegration can be unexpectedly demanding for military couples as they cope with the changes that arose during separation and identify new patterns of relating. Although the postdeployment transition has important ramifications for the well‐being of military couples, the homecoming process is relatively undertheorized and underresearched within the deployment cycle. We identify relational turbulence theory, and its predecessor, the relational turbulence model, as a conceptual approach that may account for the upheaval that returning service members and at‐home partners encounter during the transition from deployment to reintegration. We delineate relational turbulence principles and research with the goal of evaluating their promise for understanding the postdeployment transition. We also describe implications for research and practice.
Current concepts in the neuropathogenesis of mucolipidosis type IV
Authors: Boudewyn Lauren C. , Walkley Steven U. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMucolipidosis type IV (MLIV) is an autosomal recessive, lysosomal storage disorder causing progressively severe intellectual disability, motor and speech deficits, retinal degeneration often culminating in blindness, and systemic disease causing a shortened lifespan. MLIV results from mutations in the gene MCOLN1 encoding the transient receptor potential channel mucolipin‐1. It is an ultra‐rare disease and is currently known to affect just over 100 diagnosed individuals. The last decade has provided a wealth of research focused on understanding the role of the enigmatic mucolipin‐1 protein in cell and brain function and how its absence causes disease. This review explores our current understanding of the mucolipin‐1 protein in relation to neuropathogenesis in MLIV and describes recent findings implicating mucolipin‐1′s important role in mechanistic target of rapamycin and TFEB (transcription factor EB) signaling feedback loops as well as in the function of the greater endosomal/lysosomal system. In addition to addressing the vital role of mucolipin‐1 in the brain, we also report new data on the question of whether haploinsufficiency as would be anticipated in MCOLN1 heterozygotes is associated with any evidence of neuron dysfunction or disease. Greater insights into the role of mucolipin‐1 in the nervous system can be expected to shed light not only on MLIV disease but also on numerous processes governing normal brain function.
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This article is part of the Special Issue “Lysosomal Storage Disorders”.