bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resilience, Decision‐making, and Environmental Water Releases
Authors: Chu Long , Grafton R. Quentin , Stewardson Michael 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTensions between delivering water for human uses versus environmental benefits are increasing in many arid and semiarid regions, potentially causing irreversible environmental consequences. The issue of how to balance these competing uses of water is of fundamental importance, especially with projected increases in the variability of water resources due to climate change. In response, a stochastic resilience optimization model is developed to assist decision‐makers to optimally determine water releases from storages for environmental purposes and to measure the resilience of a system for given risk tolerances. The model, with sensitivity analyses, provides a valuable tool for water planners to minimize the risk of irreversible consequences and to optimize for resilience taking into account weather uncertainty, existing environmental conditions, and water storage levels. A calibration of the model to the Murray‐Darling Basin and also the Goulburn‐Broken catchment region in Australia highlights its potential to improve decision‐making at multiple spatial scales and over time.
Analysis of the Radiation Hazard Observed by RAD on the Surface of Mars During the September 2017 Solar Particle Event
Authors: Zeitlin C. , Hassler D. M. , Guo J. , Ehresmann B. , Wimmer‐Schweingruber R. F. , Rafkin S. C. R. , Freiherr von Forstner J. L. , Lohf H. , Berger T. , Matthiae D. , Reitz G. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe report dosimetric quantities measured by the Mars Science Laboratory Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD) on the surface of Mars during the 10–12 September 2017 solar particle event. Despite 23 g/cm2 of CO2 shielding provided by the atmosphere above RAD, dose rates rose above background galactic cosmic ray levels by factors of 2 to 3 over the course of several hours and leveled off at sustained peak rates for about 12 hr before declining over the following 36 hr. As the solar particle event flux was gradually declining, a shock front reached Mars and caused a sudden drop of about 15% in instantaneous dose rates. No solar particles followed the shock arrival, and the magnetic shielding of galactic cosmic rays by the shock reduced their intensity to levels below those seen before the start of the event. This event is the largest seen to date by RAD on Mars.
Characterization of a newly isolated phage infecting pathogenic Escherichia coli and analysis of its mosaic structural genes
Authors: Peng Qin , Yuan Yihui 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe outbreak of multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria made the discovery of novel control strategies necessary. Phages have regained attention for their specific lytic activity against pathogenic bacterium. A newly isolated phage infecting the clinical Escherichia coli isolates, including several multidrug-resistant strains, was isolated, and this phage showed high control effects against the tested pathogenic E. coli strains. Host range analysis revealed that although the phage exhibited broad lytic spectrum against the tested E. coli strains, it could not lyse strains from the other species. Comparative genomic analysis showed that phages had undergone at least three genome recombination events during the evolutionary process at the position of the three phage tail genes, which was reported to be associated with the host range determination of the phage. The recombinant tail proteins contained functional domains that were highly similar with genes of the Salmonella phage and genes of Pseudomonas and Neisseria. The findings of this study not only provide resources for developing phage therapy against E. coli, but also showed the highly variable genome structure of the phage.
Role of Kupffer cells in the progression of CRC liver metastases after the first stage of ALPPS
Authors: García-Pérez Rocio , Ferrer Fábrega Joana , Varona-Bosque Aranzazu , Martínez Carlos Manuel , Revilla-Nuin Beatriz , Cabellos Laia , Pena Romina , Vilana Ramón , Gonzalez-Abós Carolina , García-Valdecasas Juan Carlos , Fuster Obregón José 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAssociated liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) has been suggested as a potential therapy for extensive bilobar liver tumors, although in some circumstances this technique may induce tumor progression, a fact still not well studied. Our aim was to study tumor hepatic progression induced by the first step of ALPPS in a WAG/Rij rat syngenic model of metastatic colorectal carcinoma by subcapsular CC531 cell line inoculation. ALPPS induced: tumor progression on deportalized lobe and metastases; expression of hepatic vasculogenic factors (HIF1-α and VEGF); and a dramatic increase of Kupffer cells (KCs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Interestingly, KCs expressed COX-2 (M1 polarization), while TAMs expressed mainly arginase-1 (M2 polarization). ALPPS also induced a decrease of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and an increase of intrahepatic T lymphocytes. Thus, ALPPS technique seems to induce a hypoxic environment, which enhances hepatic HIF1-α and VEGF expression and may promote KCs and TAMs polarization. Consequently, the regenerative stimulus seems to be driven by a pro-inflammatory and hypoxic environment, in which M1 intrahepatic macrophages expressing COX-2 and T-Lymphocytes play a key role, facts which may be related with the tumor progression observed.
Treatment of T1D via optimized expansion of antigen-specific Tregs induced by IL-2/anti-IL-2 monoclonal antibody complexes and peptide/MHC tetramers
Authors: Izquierdo Cristina , Ortiz Angela Zarama , Presa Maximiliano , Malo Sara , Montoya Anna , Garabatos Nahir , Mora Conchi , Verdaguer Joan , Stratmann Thomas 
Published: May 2018

AbstractType 1 diabetes can be overcome by regulatory T cells (Treg) in NOD mice yet an efficient method to generate and maintain antigen-specific Treg is difficult to come by. Here, we devised a combination therapy of peptide/MHC tetramers and IL-2/anti-IL-2 monoclonal antibody complexes to generate antigen-specific Treg and maintain them over extended time periods. We first optimized treatment protocols conceived to obtain an improved islet-specific Treg/effector T cell ratio that led to thein vivoexpansion and activation of these Treg as well as to an improved suppressor function. Optimized protocols were applied to treatment for testing diabetes prevention in NOD mice as well as in an accelerated T cell transfer model of T1D. The combined treatment led to robust protection against diabetes, and in the NOD model, to a close to complete prevention of insulitis. Treatment was accompanied with increased secretion of IL-10, detectable in total splenocytes and in Foxp3−CD4 T cells. Our data suggest that a dual protection mechanism takes place by the collaboration of Foxp3+and Foxp3−regulatory cells. We conclude that antigen-specific Treg are an important target to improve current clinical interventions against this disease.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Nano-Polyplex system of GNRs-PDMAEA-pDNA: An Inert Self-Catalyzed Degradable Carrier for Facile Gene Delivery
Authors: Dinari Ali , Moghadam Tahereh Tohidi , Abdollahi Mahdi , Sadeghizadeh Majid 
Published: May 2018

AbstractEngineering molecules at nano-scale is a promising approach in targeting and curing diseases. In this research, fabricated new hybrid system called nano-polyplex represents an example of the molecular engineering at nano-scale. Polymer of PDMAEAs with four different molecular weights were synthesized using the RAFT method, attached onto the gold nano-rod surface, which modified and produced a safe novel system with an average size less than 100 nm. The hybrid system was characterized by ultra violet-visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis), dynamic light scattering (DLS), 1H NMR, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Zeta potential analyzer and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Features of higher transfection and lower toxicity compared to the previously reported polyplex of PDMAEA, as well as the gold standard PEI, have been shown in all molecular weights and defined N/P ratios (10–200). The ideal physicochemical properties for escaping from the cell barriers, covering the large volume of genetic material (pDNA) and high efficiency of loading polyplexes on GNRs’ surface make it an ideal carrier. The results of this effort pave way in designing a new generation of nanoparticle-based delivery systems for nucleic acid therapy and gene editing.
Evolutionary adaptation of an RNA bacteriophage to the simultaneous increase in the within-host and extracellular temperatures
Authors: Lázaro Ester , Arribas María , Cabanillas Laura , Román Ismael , Acosta Esther 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBacteriophages are the most numerous biological entities on Earth. They are on the basis of most ecosystems, regulating the diversity and abundance of bacterial populations and contributing to the nutrient and energy cycles. Bacteriophages have two well differentiated phases in their life cycle, one extracellular, in which they behave as inert particles, and other one inside their hosts, where they replicate to give rise to a progeny. In both phases they are exposed to environmental conditions that often act as selective pressures that limit both their survival in the environment and their ability to replicate, two fitness traits that frequently cannot be optimised simultaneously. In this study we have analysed the evolutionary ability of an RNA bacteriophage, the bacteriophage Qβ, when it is confronted with a temperature increase that affects both the extracellular and the intracellular media. Our results show that Qβ can optimise its survivability when exposed to short-term high temperature extracellular heat shocks, as well as its replicative ability at higher-than-optimal temperature. Mutations responsible for simultaneous adaptation were the same as those selected when adaptation to each condition proceeded separately, showing the absence of important trade-offs between survival and reproduction in this virus.
Non-blocking modulation contributes to sodium channel inhibition by a covalently attached photoreactive riluzole analog
Authors: Lukacs Peter , Földi Mátyás C. , Valánszki Luca , Casanova Emilio , Biri-Kovács Beáta , Nyitray László , Málnási-Csizmadia András , Mike Arpad 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSodium channel inhibitor drugs decrease pathological hyperactivity in various diseases including pain syndromes, myotonia, arrhythmias, nerve injuries and epilepsies. Inhibiting pathological but not physiological activity, however, is a major challenge in drug development. Sodium channel inhibitors exert their effects by a dual action: they obstruct ion flow (“block”), and they alter the energetics of channel opening and closing (“modulation”). Ideal drugs would be modulators without blocking effect, because modulation is inherently activity-dependent, therefore selective for pathological hyperactivity. Can block and modulation be separated? It has been difficult to tell, because the effect of modulation is obscured by conformation-dependent association/dissociation of the drug. To eliminate dynamic association/dissociation, we used a photoreactive riluzole analog which could be covalently bound to the channel; and found, unexpectedly, that drug-bound channels could still conduct ions, although with modulated gating. The finding that non-blocking modulation is possible, may open a novel avenue for drug development because non-blocking modulators could be more specific in treating hyperactivity-linked diseases.
An in vitro method to keep human aortic tissue sections functionally and structurally intact
Authors: Meekel Jorn P. , Groeneveld Menno E. , Bogunovic Natalija , Keekstra Niels , Musters René J. P. , Zandieh-Doulabi Behrouz , Pals Gerard , Micha Dimitra , Niessen Hans W. M. , Wiersema Arno M. , Kievit Jur K. , Hoksbergen Arjan W. J. , Wisselink Willem , Blankensteijn Jan D. , Yeung Kak K. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe pathophysiology of aortic aneurysms (AA) is far from being understood. One reason for this lack of understanding is basic research being constrained to fixated cells or isolated cell cultures, by which cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix communications are missed. We present a new, in vitro method for extended preservation of aortic wall sections to study pathophysiological processes. Intraoperatively harvested, live aortic specimens were cut into 150 μm sections and cultured. Viability was quantified up to 92 days using immunofluorescence. Cell types were characterized using immunostaining. After 14 days, individual cells of enzymatically digested tissues were examined for cell type and viability. Analysis of AA sections (N = 8) showed a viability of 40% at 7 days and smooth muscle cells, leukocytes, and macrophages were observed. Protocol optimization (N = 4) showed higher stable viability at day 62 and proliferation of new cells at day 92. Digested tissues showed different cell types and a viability up to 75% at day 14. Aortic tissue viability can be preserved until at least 62 days after harvesting. Cultured tissues can be digested into viable single cells for additional techniques. Present protocol provides an appropriate ex vivo setting to discover and study pathways and mechanisms in cultured human aneurysmal aortic tissue.
Infrared outbursts as potential tracers of common-envelope events in high-mass X-ray binary formation
Authors: Oskinova Lidia M. , Bulik Tomasz , Gómez-Morán Ada Nebot 
Published: May 2018

Context. Classic massive binary evolutionary scenarios predict that a transitional common-envelope (CE) phase could be preceded as well as succeeded by the evolutionary stage when a binary consists of a compact object and a massive star, that is, a high-mass X-ray binary (HMXB). The observational manifestations of common envelope are poorly constrained. We speculate that its ejection might be observed in some cases as a transient event at mid-infrared (IR) wavelengths.
Aims. We estimate the expected numbers of CE ejection events and HMXBs per star formation unit rate, and compare these theoretical estimates with observations.
Methods. We compiled a list of 85 mid-IR transients of uncertain nature detected by the Spitzer Infrared Intensive Transients Survey and searched for their associations with X-ray, optical, and UV sources.
Results. Confirming our theoretical estimates, we find that only one potential HMXB may be plausibly associated with an IR-transient and tentatively propose that X-ray source NGC 4490-X40 could be a precursor to the SPIRITS 16az event. Among other interesting sources, we suggest that the supernova remnant candidate [BWL2012] 063 might be associated with SPIRITS 16ajc. We also find that two SPIRITS events are likely associated with novae, and seven have potential optical counterparts.
Conclusions. The massive binary evolutionary scenarios that involve CE events do not contradict currently available observations of IR transients and HMXBs in star-forming galaxies.
Zystische Fibrose – gibt es Aussicht auf Heilung?
Authors: Krüger Linn 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungDie zystische Fibrose (Cystic Fibrosis – CF), auch Mukoviszidose genannt, ist die häufigste angeborene Stoffwechselerkrankung in Mitteleuropa. Erstmals wurde sie
1936 vom Kinderarzt Guido Fanconi aus Zürich beschrieben. Die Lebensqualität und die mittlere Überlebensrate der Betroffenen sind in den letzten 20 Jahren durch
verbesserte diagnostische und therapeutische Strategien kontinuierlich angestiegen. Linn Krüger stellt das Krankheitsbild, dessen Diagnostik und
Therapiemöglichkeiten vor.
Effektivität von Übungsinterventionen bei der Behandlung unspezifischer Nackenschmerzen
Authors: Kull Philipp , Reichert Bernhard 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungUnspezifische Nackenschmerzen stellen eine der häufigsten Problematiken am menschlichen Bewegungsapparat dar. Daher ist ihre effiziente und effektive Behandlung
in der Physiotherapie von großer Bedeutung.Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, anhand einer Literaturanalyse die Wirksamkeit von therapeutischen Übungs- und Trainingsinterventionen in den Bereichen Schmerz und
Funktion auszuwerten, um so möglicherweise die physiotherapeutische Behandlung zu optimieren.In allen 8 ausgewerteten Studien verbesserten aktive Interventionen die Funktion und reduzierten unspezifische Nackenschmerzen. Besonders gute Werte erreichten
hierbei passive Dehnübungen bestimmter Nackenmuskeln in einem Zeitraum von 6 Wochen so non-specific wie ein Kraftausdauertraining der Nacken- und
Schultermuskulatur mit externen Widerständen über mindestens 12 Wochen.Die methodische Qualität der einzelnen Arbeiten bewegte sich zwischen 6/11 und 8/11 Punkten auf der PEDro-Skala. Aufgrund der Qualität und Quantität der Studien
kann anhand der Ergebnisse dieser Literaturanalyse keine exakte Handlungs- und Dosierungsempfehlung gegeben werden. Mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit ist jedoch
davon auszugehen, dass therapeutische Übungs- und Trainingsinterventionen bei Patienten mit unspezifischen Nackenschmerzen sehr gute Ergebnisse erzielen.
Rehabilitation nach traumatischen Frakturen der Brust- und Lendenwirbelsäule
Authors: Bork Hartmut , Simmel Stefan , Böhle Eckhardt , Ernst Ulrich , Fischer Klaus , Fromm Bernd , Glaesener Jean-Jacques , Greitemann Bernhard , Krause P. , Panning S. , Pullwitt V. , Schmidt J. , Veihelmann Andreas , Vogt Lutz 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Übersichtsarbeit gibt auf der Grundlage der überarbeiteten S2k-Leitlinie Rehabilitation nach traumatischen Frakturen der Brust- und Lendenwirbelsäule ohne neurologische Ausfälle einen aktuellen Überblick über eine zielgerichtete Rehabilitation von Patienten mit stabilen bzw. operativ stabil versorgten traumatischen Frakturen an der Brust- und Lendenwirbelsäule. Um eine schnelle soziale und berufliche Wiedereingliederung zu erzielen, soll die Rehabilitation unter Berücksichtigung der Kriterien für eine ambulante/stationäre Rehabilitation hierbei so früh wie möglich eingeleitet werden. Die Rehabilitations- und Therapieziele sollten sich am biopsychosozialen ICF-Modell der WHO orientieren und müssen vom Team mit dem Patienten abgestimmt werden. Übergeordnetes Rehabilitationsziel ist die Besserung der funktionalen Gesundheit und Wiederherstellung der ursprünglichen Teilhabefähigkeiten. Aufgrund des individuellen Behandlungsfortschrittes können sich Zielsetzungen während der Rehabilitation auch verändern. Schmerztherapeutische Interventionen haben sich an den jeweiligen individuellen Bedürfnissen zu orientieren. Sie sollten multimodal ausgerichtet sein, wobei psychische Kontextfaktoren (Depressivität, Angst, beruflicher Disstress, passives Schmerzverhalten sowie schmerzbezogene Kognitionen, posttraumatische Belastungsstörung) im Rahmen der Rehabilitation frühzeitig erfasst und durch psychologisch fundierte bzw. psychotherapeutische Interventionen behandelt werden sollten, da sie zu einer Chronifizierung von Schmerzen beitragen. Der Einsatz einer frühen funktionell-bewegungsorientierten Therapie wird in der Leitlinie positiv bewertet. Bewegungstherapie wird in der Krankengymnastik, Sporttherapie und einigen Verfahren der Ergotherapie angewandt. Ziel ist u. a. auch die Vermittlung gesundheitsorientierter Verhaltensweisen. Eine orthetische Versorgung von Frakturen der Brust- und Lendenwirbelsäule ist bei stabilen Situationen gemäß der Leitlinie i. d. R. nicht notwendig. Um den Behandlungserfolg einer Rehabilitation zu sichern, ist es sinnvoll, bereits während der rehabilitativen Phase Weichen für die weitere Nachbehandlung zu stellen und vor allem erwerbstätige Patienten in gezielte ambulante Nachsorgeprogramme zu vermitteln.
Safety Model for the Introduction of Robotic Surgery in Gynecology
Authors: Gomes Mariano Tamura Vieira , Costa Porto Beatriz Taliberti da , Parise Filho Jose Pedro , Vasconcelos Ana Luiz , Bottura Bruna Fernanda , Marques Renato Moretti 
Published: May 2018

Objective To analyze the perioperative results and safety of performing gynecological surgeries using robot-assisted laparoscopy during implementation of the technique in a community hospital over a 6-year period.
Methods This was a retrospective observational study in which the medical records of 274 patients who underwent robotic surgery from September 2008 to December 2014 were analyzed. We evaluated age, body mass index (BMI), diagnosis, procedures performed, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, the presence of a proctor (experienced surgeon with at least 20 robotic cases), operative time, transfusion rate, perioperative complications, conversion rate, length of stay, referral to the intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality. We compared transfusion rate, perioperative complications and conversion rate between procedures performed by experienced and beginner robotic surgeons assisted by an experienced proctor.
Results During the observed period, 3 experienced robotic surgeons performed 187 surgeries, while 87 surgeries were performed by 20 less experienced teams, always with the assistance of a proctor. The median patient age was 38 years, and the median BMI was 23.3 kg/m2. The most frequent diagnosis was endometriosis (57%) and the great majority of the patients were classified as ASA I or ASA II (99.6%). The median operative time was 225 minutes, and the median length of stay was 2 days. We observed a 5.8% transfusion rate, 0.8% rate of perioperative complications, 1.1% conversion rate to laparoscopy or laparotomy, no patients referred to ICU, and no deaths. There were no differences in transfusion, complications and conversion rates between experienced robotic surgeons and beginner robotic surgeons assisted by an experienced proctor.
Conclusion In our casuistic, robot-assisted laparoscopy demonstrated to be a safe technique for gynecological surgeries, and the presence of an experienced proctor was considered a highlight in the safety model adopted for the introduction of the robotic gynecological surgery in a high-volume hospital and, mainly, for its extension among several surgical teams, assuring patient safety.
Translation and Cultural Adaptation of the Short-Form Food Frequency Questionnaire for Pregnancy into Brazilian Portuguese
Authors: Kasawara Karina Tamy , Paulino Daiane S. M. , Bgeginski Roberta , Cleghorn Chistine L. , Mottola Michelle F. , Surita Fernanda Garanhani 
Published: May 2018

Objective To translate and culturally adapt the short-form Food Frequency Questionnaire (SFFFQ) for pregnant women, which contains 24 questions, into Brazilian Portuguese.Methods Description of the process of translation and cultural adaptation of the SFFFQ into Brazilian Portuguese. The present study followed the recommendation of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research for translation and cultural adaptation with the following steps: 1) preparation; 2) first translation; 3) reconciliation; 4) back translation; 5) revision of back translation; 6) harmonization; 7) cognitive debriefing; 8) revision of debriefing results; 9) syntax and orthographic revision; and 10) final report. Five obstetricians, five dietitians and five pregnant women were interviewed to contribute with the language content of the SFFFQ.Results Few changes were made to the SFFFQ compared with the original version. These changes were discussed with the research team, and differences in language were adapted to suit all regions of Brazil.Conclusion The SFFFQ translated to Brazilian Portuguese can now be validated for use in the Brazilian population.