bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nietzsche on the Decadence of Individuals and Cultures
Authors: Huddleston Andrew 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Chapter 5 explores Nietzsche’s discussion of decadence. In addition to the encompassing and vague notion of decadence that amounts to a state of decline or the failure to flourish, Nietzsche also uses the idea, especially in his late works in connection with the French term décadence, to pinpoint a particular kind of malady. After explicating this quasi-technical notion, the chapter discusses the relationship that Nietzsche sees between the décadence of individuals and the decadence of whole cultures. It suggests that the connection should not be seen as simply aggregative, but is rather a relation of microcosm to macrocosm. The analogy to individual décadence suggests that when a culture seeks to remedy decadence through extremist measures, that may in fact itself be a telling sign of the culture’s decadence. The great culture can, on the contrary, integrate its decadents, not eliminate them.
“Consecration to Culture”
Authors: Huddleston Andrew 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Chapter 6 looks to Nietzsche’s deeply troubling remarks about “slavery in some sense or other” (BGE, 257). The best sort of life for most people, he maintains, is one of “slavery,” in which a person serves a flourishing culture, even just by making a lowly contribution—whether lugging the stones to build the cathedral or sweeping Beethoven’s floor. For by Nietzsche’s paternalistic lights, this is what truly ennobles most people and, according to Nietzsche, grants their lives their highest worth and dignity. Although Nietzsche is hostile to the idea of innate human dignity and its egalitarian trappings enshrined in Christianity and Kantianism, he offers his own revisionary conception of human dignity—a respect merited by what one is able to accomplish and thus possessed in radically different degrees by different people.
Censorship and the Representation of the Sacred in Nineteenth-Century England
Authors: Schramm Jan-Melissa 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In the early nineteenth century, the biblical sublime found expression in the visual arts, the novel, the oratorio, and poetry, but spoken drama remained secular by force of precedent and law. The maintenance of this ban on religious theatrical representation was underpinned by Protestant anxieties about impersonation, performance, and the power of the image that persisted long after the Reformation. But by mid-century, the turn towards medievalism in visual culture, antiquarianism in literary history, and the ‘popular’ in constitutional reform placed England’s pre-Reformation past at the centre of debates about the uses of the public stage and the functions of a truly national theatrical literature. In this changing climate, how was England’s rich heritage of vernacular sacred drama to be understood? This book probes the tensions inherent in the idea of ‘incarnational art’—whether, after the Reformation, ‘presence’ was only to be conjured up in the mind’s eye by the act of reading, or whether drama could rightfully reclaim all the implications of ‘incarnation’ understood in the Christian tradition as ‘the word made flesh’. Chapters 1, 2, and 3 describe the recovery of the medieval mystery plays and their subsequent impact on the national imagination. The second half of the book looks at the gradual relaxation of the ban on the performance of sacred drama and asks whether Christian theatre can ever be truly tragic, whether art perpetually reanimates or appropriates sacred ideas, and whether there is any place for sacramental thought in a post-Darwinian, industrial age.
China’s Economic Emergence and Implications for Africa
Authors: Yueh Linda 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
China’s emergence as the world’s second-largest economy has transformed the world economy by creating a source of consumers as well as a place for production. As is consistent with becoming a major economy, China has become a net capital exporter, investing more abroad than it receives in inward foreign direct investment. The clearest manifestation of this outward investment is seen in the ‘Going Global’ policy for Chinese firms launched in the early 2000s and in the Belt and Road Initiative that began to invest in infrastructure overseas in 2013. The latter has significant implications for Africa as well as the Middle East, eastern parts of Europe, and South-east and Central Asia. This chapter explores the drivers of China’s emergence as an economic superpower and analyzes its wider potential impact, including on sub-Saharan Africa’s economic development, notably in respect of Chinese infrastructure investment in Kenya.
Evolving Debates and Outlooks on China–Africa Economic Ties
Authors: Alden Chris 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
China and Africa’s economic relations have evolved over time, from the tentative commercial engagements characteristic of the early 1980s to the comprehensive infrastructure loans and increased foreign direct investment being pursued across all sectors today. Expanding economic ties have been accompanied by changing debates as to the nature of China–Africa engagement and its significance for their respective development aspirations. South–South cooperation, for instance, framed the approach in this first phase of intensifying economic relations and reflected the combination of technical assistance, grant aid, and concessional loans negotiated by Chinese and Africans in exchange for access to the continent’s abundant resources. As African economies came to demonstrate sustained patterns of higher rates of growth and two-way trade with China grew proportionally, the debates shifted decidedly towards one that focused on economic complementarities between them and Africa’s integration into global value chains. Furthermore, as the African industrialization process intensifies in economies like Ethiopia, China’s key role in development finance and its sectoral experience put it in a crucial position to promote this new phase of development on the continent.
Catalysing China–Africa Ties for Africa’s Structural Transformation
Authors: Cheru Fantu , Oqubay Arkebe 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Economic cooperation between China and Africa has deepened in scope and scale in recent times, and FOCAC has emerged as the largest South–South economic partnership platform. However, evidence suggests that the catalytic effect of China–Africa engagement on the economic transformation of African countries has been uneven, primarily shaped by the strategic response of the respective African countries. This chapter proposes that China–Africa economic ties should be examined from a structural transformation perspective to adequately evaluate the catalytic effect of Chinese engagement on the economic growth and diversification of African economies, the development of domestic capabilities, and lastly on Africa’s successful insertion into the globalized economy of the twenty-first century. Based on the experience of Ethiopia, the chapter unpacks the pathways to structural transformation in the African context, and the role of the state in guiding the economy through a proactive and strategic approach to economic transformation. The chapter concludes with pathways to the future.
A Treatise on Northern Ireland, Volume II
Authors: O’Leary Brendan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
O’Leary’s authoritative treatment of the history of Northern Ireland and its current prospects is genuinely unique. Beginning with an in-depth account of the scale of the recent conflict, he sets out to explain why Northern Ireland recently had the highest incidence of political violence in twentieth-century western Europe. Volume 1 demonstrates the salience of the colonial past in accounting for current collective mentalities, institutions, and rivalrous animosities, culminating in a distinct comparative account of the partition of the island in 1920. The major moments in the development of Irish republicanism and Ulster unionism are freshly treated by this Irish-born political scientist who has spent thirty-five years mastering the relevant historiography. Volume 2 shows how Ulster Unionists improvised a distinctive control system, driven by their fear of abandonment by the metropolitan power in Great Britain, their anxieties about Irish nationalist irredentism, and their inherited settler colonial culture. British political institutions were exploited to organize a sustained political monopoly on power and to disorganize the cultural Catholic minority. At the same juncture, the Irish Free State’s punctuated movement from restricted dominion-level autonomy to sovereign republican independence led to the full-scale political decolonization of the South. Irish state-building had a price, however: it further estranged Ulster Unionists, and Northern nationalists felt abandoned. Volume 3 unpacks the consequences and takes the reader to the present, explaining Northern Ireland’s distinctive consociational settlement, accomplished in 1998, and its subsequently turbulent and currently imperiled implementation. An assessment of the confederation of European Union and the prospects for an Irish confederation close the book, which vividly engages with feasible futures that may unfold from the UK’s exit from the EU.
The Unexpected Stabilization of Control
Authors: O’Leary Brendan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This chapter emphasizes how the Second World War unexpectedly stabilized the system of control in Northern Ireland. In the late 1930s the Northern government, like that of Newfoundland, faced possible bankruptcy, and the UUP leadership looked stale and challenged. At the same time, independent Ireland was showing evidence of consolidation of its sovereignty, economic development, and stability. The Second World War, and the eventual US leadership of the United Nations against the Axis powers, reversed the rolling out of these patterns. How and why Ulster Unionists benefited more than Irish nationalists from the Second World War is explained.
British Intervention
Authors: O’Leary Brendan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The puzzle addressed in this chapter is why one British government intervened in Northern Ireland in 1969 and why another eventually resorted to direct rule in 1972. British conduct in this period stands out in comparison with the inactivity of their predecessors during similar historical junctures when the Ulster Unionist Party had been able to repress Catholic or nationalist discontent. Though the preference of many British officials was to shore up the Stormont regime, the civil-rights movement had corroded the previous normative order protecting the UUP’s control because its marchers demanded British rights for British citizens, in the full glare of modern media. The immediate precipitants of intervention in the loss of control by the RUC and the Specials are examined. They took place against the background of the mobilization of Irish forces and field hospitals and riotous pogroms directed against Catholics in Derry and Belfast. Whether Northern Ireland was reformable is addressed, as are the dynamics of the descent into loyalist violence, British counterinsurgency, and IRA insurgency. The development of Irish government policy toward the North in 1969–70 is treated in a brief appendix.
A Treatise on Northern Ireland, Volume III
Authors: O’Leary Brendan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
O’Leary’s authoritative treatment of the history of Northern Ireland and its current prospects is genuinely unique. Beginning with an in-depth account of the scale of the recent conflict, he sets out to explain why Northern Ireland recently had the highest incidence of political violence in twentieth-century western Europe. Volume 1 demonstrates the salience of the colonial past in accounting for current collective mentalities, institutions, and rivalrous animosities, culminating in a distinct comparative account of the partition of the island in 1920. The major moments in the development of Irish republicanism and Ulster unionism are freshly treated by this Irish-born political scientist who has spent thirty-five years mastering the relevant historiography. Volume 2 shows how Ulster Unionists improvised a distinctive control system, driven by their fear of abandonment by the metropolitan power in Great Britain, their anxieties about Irish nationalist irredentism, and their inherited settler colonial culture. British political institutions were exploited to organize a sustained political monopoly on power and to disorganize the cultural Catholic minority. At the same juncture, the Irish Free State’s punctuated movement from restricted dominion-level autonomy to sovereign republican independence led to the full-scale political decolonization of the South. Irish state-building had a price, however: it further estranged Ulster Unionists, and Northern nationalists felt abandoned. Volume 3 unpacks the consequences and takes the reader to the present, explaining Northern Ireland’s distinctive consociational settlement, accomplished in 1998, and its subsequently turbulent and currently imperiled implementation. An assessment of the confederation of European Union and the prospects for an Irish confederation close the book, which vividly engages with feasible futures that may unfold from the UK’s exit from the EU.
A Tract of Time between War and Peace
Authors: O’Leary Brendan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This chapter describes and explains the emergence and development of the Irish peace process. It discusses how the previously suspended inter-party and intergovernmental talks begun under the auspices of the Anglo-Irish Agreement were melded with that process. The Framework Documents that anticipated the 1998 Agreement are analysed, as well as the bargaining about bargaining that preceded the 1997–8 negotiations. The republican and loyalist ceasefires are examined, and the responses to which they gave rise are analysed.
Confederal and Consociational Futures
Authors: O’Leary Brendan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The concluding chapter critically reviews the role of European integration in improving British-Irish relations, and in the making of the Good Friday Agreement. Four major votes across Northern Ireland between 2016 and 2017 are surveyed, paying particular attention to the 2016 referendum on EU membership. Predictions are made about the future of Northern Ireland and its union with Great Britain or its reunification with Ireland based on unfolding developments. Transformations South and North, political, social, and economic, are emphasized. The closure of the prospects of a second partition of Ulster is highlighted. Discussion about the possible breakdown, decay, or amendment of existing consociational provisions, and possible modes and modalities of Irish reunification are considered against three twilights that are highlighted, and sketched.
Seeing Britain and the World
Authors: Bischof Christopher 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Chapter six, ‘Seeing Britain and the World’ explores the remarkably widespread practice of travelling to the far corners of Britain, its empire, and the wider world during the summer holiday. Teachers tended to go alone or with just a couple friends and preferred to venture ‘off the beaten path’. When they got back, they wrote up short accounts of their trips for their training college alumni magazines. Teachers drew on bourgeois and elite conventions, but ultimately forged their own culture of travel and social and cultural observation. They put a premium on intimate knowledge about the everyday life of the peoples among whom they travelled and frequently confronted their own assumptions about important concepts like class and state welfare, race and the nature of imperial rule. Most of all, a sense of urgency pervaded teachers’ travel narratives. Engaging with the wider world was an ethical imperative and a key facet of teachers’ personal and professional identity.
Human Geopolitics
Authors: Gamlen Alan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This book describes and explains how diaspora engagement institutions have spread globally and begun to unleash a new wave of human geopolitics. Migration has become an urgent priority around the world and at every level of government, but most research still focuses exclusively on immigration policy, even while most governments care more deeply about emigration and the transnational involvements of emigrants and their descendants in the diaspora. Liberal democracies long eschewed emigration controls, which may violate freedom of exit and interfere in other countries’ domestic affairs. But this is changing: in the past quarter century, more than half of all United Nations member states have established a government office devoted to ‘their’ people abroad. What explains the rise of these ‘diaspora institutions’, and how does it relate to the political geographies of decolonization, regional integration and global migration governance since World War II? In addressing these questions, this book reports quantitative data covering all UN members from 1936–2015, and fieldwork with high-level policy makers across sixty states. It shows how, in many world regions, the unregulated spread of diaspora institutions is unleashing a wave of ‘human geopolitics’, involving state competition over people rather than territory. The book suggests the development of stronger guiding principles and evaluation frameworks to govern state-diaspora relations in an era of unprecedented global interdependence.
Human Geopolitics
Authors: Gamlen Alan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Chapter 1 introduces the extraordinary global spread of diaspora institutions since the 2000s, and reviews existing efforts to explain this trend as an expression of state interests and national identities. The chapter then outlines the new theory presented in this book, which is based on the idea that diaspora institutions are spreading today as a result of efforts to build a global migration regime. It highlights an unintended consequence of these efforts, namely the spread of human geopolitics: strategic competition over populations rather than territories. The chapter also provides an overview of the book’s structure.
Conclusion
Authors: Gamlen Alan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Chapter 11 summarizes the central argument of the book—that the global spread of diaspora institutions is now being driven by the accelerating evolution of a global migration regime, and is enabling the re-emergence of strategic competitions over population in some parts of the world. The chapter highlights the main conceptual and practical contributions of the book, and highlights priorities for future research, including on the emergence of ‘authoritarian emigration states’ at the time of writing. It also argues that the emerging global migration regime needs more clearly articulated principles to guide the benevolent engagement of diasporas in their homelands, and to avoid outbreaks of human geopolitics. The chapter outlines principles of internal non-interference, external non-interference, non-preference as starting points.
Justified Lawbreaking
Authors: Hendrix Burke A. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
What kinds of strategies toward laws and political procedures are those facing persistent injustice permitted to adopt? While civil disobedience is straightforward, other cases are more challenging. This chapter outlines a set of possible strategies, and it evaluates two in depth: circumvention and nullification. In some circumstances, political actors might improve their own conditions by circumventing certain kinds of laws or political procedures, such as through illegal forms of lobbying intended to influence election outcomes. The chapter argues that circumvention of electoral or other laws would be permissible where it can reduce profound harms. The chapter then turns to the case of armed nullification, in which an Aboriginal group takes up arms at the borders of its territories to prevent the exercise of state laws or policies. The chapter argues that such nullification is often permissible, even if it must be pursued carefully to avoid harm to Aboriginal communities themselves.
‘Forgive Me, Love…It Was Stronger than I am’: Negotiating Intimacy and Sexuality
Authors: Cullen Niamh 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This chapter explores intimacy and sexuality in courtship. The ordinary experiences of the diaries and memoirs are set against the (somewhat) differing codes of morality dictated by the Catholic Church, the Communist Party (PCI), and mass culture so that we can see how people often measured their choices and experiences against their ideas of how a model man or woman should behave. We see how the rituals, rules, and surveillance common in upper- and middle-class courtships in the 1950s often left little room for intimacy. Meanwhile, the piazza, a common site of courtship in most towns and cities, was all too often about display rather than real communication. By the late 1950s, the economic boom was beginning to open up new spaces of leisure and intimacy for young Italians, particularly the beach and the car. As couples began to spend more time out of the home together, courtship was becoming both more public and more private, with these new spaces providing more space for intimacy and sexuality, with increasingly shared leisure and communication between the sexes.
‘The Marriage Outlaws’: Experiences of Marriage Breakdown Before Divorce
Authors: Cullen Niamh 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This chapter charts experiences of marriage breakdown and attitudes towards separation from the late 1940s to the 1970s. Although divorce was not legal until 1970, legal separations were permitted in this period. This chapter thus makes use of evidence from a case study of legal separations in late 1940s and 1950s Turin and from a smaller sample of diaries and memoirs that provide a broader geographical picture. While many of these writers separated in the 1970s, 1980s, and later, this chapter argues that the roots of breakdown can frequently be found in the economic miracle years, when the growing media focus on romantic love often did not match up to the reality of married life. Just as women were more likely to be ambivalent about their wedding, they were much more likely than men to ask for a separation or divorce. What we see also in these years is perhaps not simply greater dissatisfaction in marriage, but new languages to comprehend and give shape to it. The idea of marriage for love was key to the divorce campaigns, although the reality was that it was still very difficult for a woman to leave her marriage even up to the 1970s. While we see alternative narratives about love, marriage, and commitment developing from the unofficial culture around the post-war PCI to 1968, this chapter shows how work and feminism often gave women the tools they needed to leave their marriages.