bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Cognitive-Behaviorist’s Report from the Trenches
Authors: Spayd Catherine S. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This chapter describes how the author would implement each of the empirically based principles of change identified in Chapter 2, as they specific related to the three cases of social anxiety presented in Chapter 8. The chapter begins with the author’s initial reaction to the list of principles, as well as to the task of describing their implementation in her day-to-day clinical work. Also included in the chapter are the author’s case formulation and treatment for each case, which serve as the general context for the author’s detailed explanation of why and how she would apply the principles in ways that are best attuned to the needs of particular clients. The chapter ends with the description of the author’s thoughts and experience about writing this chapter.
More Than a Feeling?
Authors: Weinberg Igor 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This chapter describes how the author would implement each of the empirically based principles of change identified in Chapter 2, as they specific related to the three cases of social anxiety presented in Chapter 8. The chapter begins with the author’s initial reaction to the list of principles, as well as to the task of describing their implementation in his day-to-day clinical work. Also included in the chapter are the author’s case formulation and treatment for each case, which serve as the general context for the author’s detailed explanation of why and how he would apply the principles in ways that are best attuned to the needs of particular clients. The chapter ends with the description of the author’s thoughts and experience about writing this chapter.
Conceptual, Clinical, and Empirical Perspectives on Principles of Change for Anxiety Disorders
Authors: Papiasvili Eva D. , Spayd Catherine S. , Weinberg Igor , Beutler Larry E. , Castonguay Louis G. , Constantino Michael J. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This chapter provides an opportunity for the authors of the previous three chapters on anxiety disorders to present their perspectives about a number of conceptual, clinical, and empirical issues regarding principles of change. These include convergences and differences in the implementation of principles (in terms of how much they are emphasized and the way that they are implement), the clinical helpfulness of these principles, the possible ways of combining them, as well as the principles that should be investigated in future research. The chapter also includes comments from the editors on each of these issues, as a way to engage conversations and/or future collaboration between researchers and clinicians.
The EDGE-CALIFA survey: exploring the star formation law through variable selection
Authors: Dey Biprateep , Rosolowsky Erik , Cao Yixian , Bolatto Alberto , Sanchez Sebastian F , Utomo Dyas , Colombo Dario , Kalinova Veselina , Wong Tony , Blitz Leo , Vogel Stuart , Loeppky Jason , García-Benito Rubén 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTWe present a multilinear analysis to determine the significant predictors of star formation in galaxies using the combined EDGE-CALIFA sample of galaxies. We analyse 1845 kpc-scale lines of sight across 39 galaxies with molecular line emission measurements from EDGE combined with optical IFU data drawn from CALIFA. We use the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) to identify significant factors in predicting star formation rates. We find that the local star formation rate surface density is increased by higher molecular gas surface densities and stellar surface densities. In contrast, we see lower star formation rates in systems with older stellar populations, higher gas- and stellar-phase metallicities and larger galaxy masses. We also find a significant increase in star formation rate with galactocentric radius normalized by the disc scale length, which suggests additional parameters regulating star formation rate not explored in this study.
Overcast on Osiris: 3D radiative-hydrodynamical simulations of a cloudy hot Jupiter using the parametrized, phase-equilibrium cloud formation code EddySed
Authors: Lines S , Mayne N J , Manners J , Boutle I A , Drummond B , Mikal-Evans T , Kohary K , Sing D K 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
We present results from 3D radiative-hydrodynamical simulations of HD 209458b with a fully coupled treatment of clouds using the EddySed code, critically, including cloud radiative feedback via absorption and scattering. We demonstrate that the thermal and optical structure of the simulated atmosphere is markedly different, for the majority of our simulations, when including cloud radiative effects, suggesting this important mechanism cannot be neglected. Additionally, we further demonstrate that the cloud structure is sensitive to not only the cloud sedimentation efficiency (termed fsed in EddySed), but also the temperature–pressure profile of the deeper atmosphere. We briefly discuss the large difference between the resolved cloud structures of this work, adopting a phase-equilibrium and parametrized cloud model, and our previous work incorporating a cloud microphysical model, although a fairer comparison where, for example, the same list of constituent condensates is included in both treatments is reserved for a future work. Our results underline the importance of further study into the potential condensate size distributions and vertical structures, as both strongly influence the radiative impact of clouds on the atmosphere. Finally, we present synthetic observations from our simulations reporting an improved match, over our previous cloud-free simulations, to the observed transmission, HST WFC3 emission, and 4.5 μm Spitzer phase curve of HD 209458b. Additionally, we find all our cloudy simulations have an apparent albedo consistent with observations.
Statistical detection of a tidal stream associated with the globular cluster M68 using Gaia data
Authors: Palau Carles G , Miralda-Escudé Jordi 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
A method to search for tidal streams and to fit their orbits based on maximum likelihood is presented and applied to the Gaia data. Tests of the method are performed showing how a simulated stream produced by tidal stripping of a star cluster is recovered when added to a simulation of the Gaia catalogue. The method can be applied to search for streams associated with known progenitors or to do blind searches in a general catalogue. As the first example, we apply the method to the globular cluster M68 and detect its clear tidal stream stretching over the whole North Galactic hemisphere, and passing within 5 kpc of the Sun. This is one of the closest tidal streams to us detected so far, and is highly promising to provide new constraints on the Milky Way gravitational potential, for which we present preliminary fits finding a slightly oblate dark halo consistent with other observations. We identify the M68 tidal stream with the previously discovered Fjörm stream by Ibata et al. The tidal stream is confirmed to contain stars that are consistent with the HR-diagram of M68. We provide a list of 115 stars that are most likely to be stream members, and should be prime targets for follow-up spectroscopic studies.
Evolution of cosmic ray electron spectra in magnetohydrodynamical simulations
Authors: Winner Georg , Pfrommer Christoph , Girichidis Philipp , Pakmor Rüdiger 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
Cosmic ray (CR) electrons reveal key insights into the non-thermal physics of the interstellar medium (ISM), galaxies, galaxy clusters, and active galactic nuclei by means of their inverse Compton (IC) γ-ray emission and synchrotron emission in magnetic fields. While magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) simulations with CR protons capture their dynamical impact on these systems, only few computational studies include CR electron physics because of the short cooling time-scales and complex hysteresis effects, which require a numerically expensive, high-resolution spectral treatment. Since CR electrons produce important non-thermal observational signatures, such a spectral CR electron treatment is important to link MHD simulations to observations. We present an efficient post-processing code for Cosmic Ray Electron Spectra that are evolved in Time (crest) on Lagrangian tracer particles. The CR electron spectra are very accurately evolved on comparably large MHD time-steps owing to an innovative hybrid numerical-analytical scheme. crest is coupled to the cosmological MHD code arepo and treats all important aspects of spectral CR electron evolution such as adiabatic expansion and compression, Coulomb losses, radiative losses in form of IC, bremsstrahlung and synchrotron processes, diffusive shock acceleration and reacceleration, Fermi-II reacceleration, and secondary electron injection. After showing various code validations of idealized one-zone simulations, we study the coupling of crest to MHD simulations. We demonstrate that the CR electron spectra are efficiently and accurately evolved in shock-tube and Sedov–Taylor blast wave simulations. This opens up the possibility to produce self-consistent synthetic observables of non-thermal emission processes in various astrophysical environments.
Unified lensing and kinematic analysis for any elliptical mass profile
Authors: Shajib Anowar J 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
We demonstrate an efficient method to compute the strong-gravitational-lensing deflection angle and magnification for any elliptical surface density profile. This method solves a numerical hurdle in lens modelling that has lacked a general solution for nearly three decades. The hurdle emerges because it is prohibitive to derive analytic expressions of the lensing quantities for most elliptical mass profiles. In our method, we first decompose an elliptical mass profile into concentric Gaussian components. We introduce an integral transform that provides us with a fast and accurate algorithm for this Gaussian decomposition. We derive analytic expressions of the lensing quantities for a Gaussian component. As a result, we can compute these quantities for the total mass profile by adding up the contributions from the individual components. This lensing analysis self-consistently completes the kinematic description in terms of Gaussian components presented by Cappellari (2008). Our method is general without extra computational burden unlike other methods currently in use.
Zscan4c activates endogenous retrovirus MERVL and cleavage embryo genes
Authors: Zhang Weiyu , Chen Fuquan , Chen Ruiqing , Xie Dan , Yang Jiao , Zhao Xin , Guo Renpeng , Zhang Yongwang , Shen Yang , Göke Jonathan , Liu Lin , Lu Xinyi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEndogenous retroviruses (ERVs) contribute to ∼10 percent of the mouse genome. They are often silenced in differentiated somatic cells but differentially expressed at various embryonic developmental stages. A minority of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), like 2-cell cleavage embryos, highly express ERV MERVL. However, the role of ERVs and mechanism of their activation in these cells are still poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the regulation and function of the stage-specific expressed ERVs, with a particular focus on the totipotency marker MT2/MERVL. We show that the transcription factor Zscan4c functions as an activator of MT2/MERVL and 2-cell/4-cell embryo genes. Zinc finger domains of Zscan4c play an important role in this process. In addition, Zscan4c interacts with MT2 and regulates MT2-nearby 2-cell/4-cell genes through promoting enhancer activity of MT2. Furthermore, MT2 activation is accompanied by enhanced H3K4me1, H3K27ac, and H3K14ac deposition on MT2. Zscan4c also interacts with GBAF chromatin remodelling complex through SCAN domain to further activate MT2 enhancer activity. Taken together, we delineate a previously unrecognized regulatory axis that Zscan4c interacts with and activates MT2/MERVL loci and their nearby genes through epigenetic regulation.
Spinal Cord Stimulation vs Conventional Therapies for the Treatment of Chronic Low Back and Leg Pain: A Systematic Review of Health Care Resource Utilization and Outcomes in the Last Decade
Authors: Odonkor Charles A , Orman Sebastian , Orhurhu Vwaire , Stone Martha E , Ahmed Shihab 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Objective
The purpose of this review is to critically appraise the literature for evidence supporting the health care resource utilization and cost-effectiveness of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) compared with conventional therapies (CTs) for chronic low back and leg pain.

Methods
The PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine databases were searched for studies published from January 2008 through October 2018, using the following MeSH terms: “spinal cord stimulation,” “chronic pain,” “back pain,” “patient readmission,” “economics,” and “costs and cost analysis.” Additional sources were added based on bibliographies and consultation with experts. The following data were extracted and analyzed: demographic information, study design, objectives, sample sizes, outcome measures, SCS indications, complications, costs, readmissions, and resource utilization data.

Results
Of 204 studies screened, 11 studies met inclusion criteria, representing 31,439 SCS patients and 299,182 CT patients. The mean age was 53.5 years for SCS and 55.6 years for CT. In eight of 11 studies, SCS was associated with favorable outcomes and found to be more cost-effective than CT for chronic low back pain. Compared with CT, SCS resulted in shorter hospital stays and lower complication rates and health care costs at 90 days. SCS was associated with significant improvement in health-related quality of life, health status, and quality-adjusted life-years.

Conclusions
For the treatment of chronic low back and leg pain, the majority of studies are of fair quality, with level 3 or 4 evidence in support of SCS as potentially more cost-effective than CT, with less resource expenditure but higher complication rates. SCS therapy may yet play a role in mitigating the financial burden associated with chronic low back and leg pain.
ROSETTA-informed design of structurally stabilized cyclic anti-amyloid peptides
Authors: Est Chandler B , Mangrolia Parth , Murphy Regina M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
β-amyloid oligomers are thought to be the most toxic species formed en route to fibril deposition in Alzheimer’s disease. Transthyretin is a natural sequestering agent of β-amyloid oligomers: the binding site to β-amyloid has been traced to strands G/H of the inner β-sheet of transthyretin. A linear peptide, with the same primary sequence as the β-amyloid binding domain on transthyretin, was moderately effective at inhibiting β-amyloid fibril growth. Insertion of a β-turn template and cyclization greatly increased stability against proteolysis and improved efficacy as an amyloid inhibitor. However, the cyclic peptide still contained a significant amount of disorder. Using the Simple Cyclic Peptide Application within ROSETTA as an in silico predictor of cyclic peptide conformation and stability, we investigated putative structural enhancements, including stabilization by disulfide linkages and insertion of a second β-turn template. Several candidates were synthesized and tested for secondary structure and ability to inhibit β-amyloid aggregation. The results demonstrate that cyclization, β-sheet structure and conformational homogeneity are all preferable design features, whereas disulfide bond formation across the two β-strands is not preferable.
Insider–outsider representation and social democratic labor market policy
Authors: Bürgisser Reto , Kurer Thomas 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPostindustrialization and occupational change considerably complicate partisan politics of the welfare state. This article asks about the determinants of contemporary social democratic labor market policy. We argue that the composition of their support base is a critical constraint and empirically demonstrate that the actual electoral clout of different voter segments decisively affects policy outcomes under left government. We calculate the electoral relevance of two crucial subgroups of the social democratic coalition, labor market insiders and outsiders, in 19 European democracies and combine these indicators with original data capturing the specific content of labor market reforms. The analysis reveals considerable levels of responsiveness and demonstrates that relative electoral relevance is consistently related to policy outcomes. Social democratic governments with a stronger support base among the atypically employed push labor market reforms on their behalf—and vice versa. Our findings have important implications for our understanding of policy-making in postindustrial societies.
Hell’s Grannies and Crazy Ladies—Challenging the Precarization of Older Women
Authors: Hudson Christine 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOlder women are often portrayed as particularly vulnerable and in need of protection, producing processes of ageist “othering” that deny agency, foster “appropriate” behaviors, and work to exclude them from everyday life. While not denying many women face a precarious situation in later life, some older women resist their subjectivation as vulnerable. Drawing on a concept of precarity as governmentality, older women’s acceptance and resistance to being characterized as “vulnerable” and in need of protection are explored in relation to focus group interviews with female pensioners in four Swedish municipalities.
A Statewide Study of School-Based Victimization, Discriminatory Bullying, and Weapon Victimization by Student Homelessness Status
Authors: Moore Hadass , Astor Ron Avi , Benbenishty Rami 
Published: June 2019

AbstractYouths who experience homelessness are at high risk of victimization, yet little is known about school violence in the context of students experiencing homelessness. Specifically, limited research has considered different subgroups of students experiencing homelessness according to the McKinney–Vento Homeless Assistance Act (nonsheltered, sheltered, doubled up) in comparison with nonhomeless students. Using a representative sample ofCalifornia public high school students (N = 390,028), authors applied bivariate and multivariate analyses to examine differences among nonsheltered, sheltered, and doubled-up students experiencing homelessness regarding levels of discriminatory bullying, behavioral victimization, and weapon victimization at school. Findings show that students experiencing homelessness across all subgroups are at high risk of experiencing school violence. The severity of findings and differences among subgroups emphasize the need to develop school-based responses for each subgroup. Providers serving youths experiencing homelessness are encouraged to consider schools as a site for prevention and intervention for this population.
Inhibition of Human Liver Carboxylesterase (hCE1) by Organophosphate Ester Flame Retardants and Plasticizers: Implications for Pharmacotherapy
Authors: Phillips Allison L , Stapleton Heather M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Organophosphate ester (OPE) flame retardants and plasticizers, consumer product additives with widespread human exposure, were evaluated for their effect on the activity of purified human liver carboxylesterase (hCE1). Four of the 15 OPEs tested had IC50 values lower than 100 nM, including triphenyl phosphate (TPHP), 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPHP), 4-isopropylphenyl diphenyl phosphate (4IPPDPP), and 4-tert-butylphenyl diphenyl phosphate (4tBPDPP), as did 4 of the commercial flame retardant mixtures tested. Because hCE1 is critical for the activation of imidapril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibitor prodrug prescribed to treat hypertension, the most potent inhibitors, TPHP and 4tBPDPP, and an environmentally relevant mixture (house dust) were further evaluated for their effect on imidapril bioactivation in vitro. TPHP and 4tBPDPP were potent inhibitors of hCE1-mediated imidapril activation (Ki = 49.0 and 17.9 nM, respectively). House dust extracts (100 µg/ml) also caused significant reductions (up to 33%) in imidapril activation. Combined, these data suggest that exposure to OPEs may affect pharmacotherapy.
Atropselective Oxidation of 2,2′,3,3′,4,6′-Hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB 132) to Hydroxylated Metabolites by Human Liver Microsomes and Its Implications for PCB 132 Neurotoxicity
Authors: Uwimana Eric , Cagle Brianna , Yeung Coby , Li Xueshu , Patterson Eric V , Doorn Jonathan A , Lehmler Hans-Joachim 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPolychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. Several neurotoxic congeners display axial chirality and atropselectively affect cellular targets implicated in PCB neurotoxicity. Only limited information is available regarding the atropselective metabolism of these congeners in humans and their atropselective effects on neurotoxic outcomes. Here we investigate the hypothesis that the oxidation of 2,2′,3,3′,4,6′-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB 132) by human liver microsomes (HLMs) and their effects on dopaminergic cells in culture are atropselective. Racemic PCB 132 was incubated with pooled or single donor HLMs, and levels and enantiomeric fractions of PCB 132 and its metabolites were determined gas chromatographically. The major metabolite was either 2,2′,3,4,4′,6′-hexachlorobiphenyl-3′-ol (3′-140), a 1,2-shift product, or 2,2′,3,3′,4,6′-hexachlorobiphenyl-5′-ol (5′-132). The PCB 132 metabolite profiles displayed interindividual differences and depended on the PCB 132 atropisomer. Computational studies suggested that 3′-140 is formed via a 3,4-arene oxide intermediate. The second eluting atropisomer of PCB 132, first eluting atropisomer of 3′-140, and second eluting atropisomer of 5′-132 were enriched in all HLM incubations. Enantiomeric fractions of the PCB 132 metabolites differed only slightly between the single donor HLM preparations investigated. Reactive oxygen species and levels of dopamine and its metabolites were not significantly altered after a 24 h exposure of dopaminergic cells to pure PCB 132 atropisomers. These findings suggest that there are interindividual differences in the atropselective biotransformation of PCB 132 to its metabolites in humans; however, the resulting atropisomeric enrichment of PCB 132 is unlikely to affect neurotoxic outcomes associated with the endpoints investigated in the study.
Mastocytosis presenting as insect anaphylaxis: gender differences and natural history
Authors: Alvarez-Twose Iván , Matito Almudena 
Published: June 2019

Purpose of reviewCurrently, there is strong evidence about an association between hymenoptera venom anaphylaxis (HVA) and mastocytosis. This review is focused on the most relevant clinical and biological features of systemic mastocytosis associated with HVA.Recent findingsHVA is a relatively common complication that modifies the natural course of patients with mastocytosis, particularly men with indolent systemic mastocytosis without skin lesions (ISMs−) in whom HVA can be the presenting symptom in up to around one-half of the cases. Patients with ISMs− associated with HVA are typically males with cardiovascular symptoms in the absence of itching, urticaria, and angioedema during anaphylaxis. Noteworthy, ISMs− is characterized by a low bone marrow mast cell load and a low risk for disease progression. Early and more recent studies support that specific venom immunotherapy (VIT) is a well-tolerated and effective treatment in patients with mastocytosis.SummaryVIT should be given life-long to all patients with mastocytosis and proven immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated HVA. In patients with negative venom skin test and undetectable IgE antibodies, additional studies such as component-based allergy testing might contribute to confirm an IgE-mediated mechanism of anaphylaxis in some cases, thus providing the indication of VIT.