bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A bootstrapping residuals approach to determine the error in quantitative functional lung imaging
Authors: Slawig Anne , Weng Andreas Max , Veldhoen Simon , Köstler Herbert 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPurposeTo implement and validate an algorithm to determine the statistical errors in self‐gated non‐contrast‐enhanced functional lung imaging.MethodsA bootstrapping residuals approach to determine the error in quantitative functional lung imaging is proposed. Precision and accuracy of the median error over the lungs, as well as reproducibility of the approach were investigated in 7 volunteers. The algorithm was additionally applied to data acquired in a patient with cystic fibrosis.ResultsThe obtained bootstrapping error maps appear comparable to the error maps determined from repeated measurements, and median absolute error values for both methods show comparable median errors when reducing the number of averages. In a volunteer in whom 10 consecutive measurements were carried out, the median functional parameters were ventilation = 0.22 mL gas/mL lung tissue, perfusion amplitude = 0.028, perfusion timing = −82 ms, whereas precision and accuracy of the median error were below 3.2 × 10−3 mL gas/mL lung for ventilation tissue, 4.4 × 10−4 for perfusion amplitude, and 11 ms for perfusion timing. In the measurement of the patient, low errors in areas with reduced ventilation support the assessment as real defects.ConclusionUsing a bootstrapping residuals method, the error of functional lung MRI could be determined without the need for repeated measurements. The error values can be determined reproducibly and can be used as a future means of quality control for functional lung MRI.
Paramagnetic salt and agarose recipes for phantoms with desired T1 and T2 values for low‐field MRI
Authors: Jordanova Kalina V. , Fraenza Carla C. , Martin Michele N. , Tian Ye , Shen Sheng , Vaughn Christopher E. , Walsh Kevin J. , Walsh Casey , Sappo Charlotte R. , Ogier Stephen E. , Poorman Megan E. , Teixeira Rui P. , Grissom William A. , Nayak Krishna S. , Rosen Matthew S. , Webb Andrew G. , Greenbaum Steven G. , Witherspoon Velencia J. , Keenan Kathryn E. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTissue‐mimicking reference phantoms are indispensable for the development and optimization of magnetic resonance (MR) measurement sequences. Phantoms have greatest utility when they mimic the MR signals arising from tissue physiology; however, many of the properties underlying these signals, including tissue relaxation characteristics, can vary as a function of magnetic field strength. There has been renewed interest in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at field strengths less than 1 T, and phantoms developed for higher field strengths may not be physiologically relevant at these lower fields. This work focuses on developing materials with specific relaxation properties for lower magnetic field strengths. Specifically, we developed recipes that can be used to create synthetic samples for target nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation values for fields between 0.0065 and 0.55 T. and mixing models for agarose‐based gels doped with a paramagnetic salt (one of CuSO4, GdCl3, MnCl2, or NiCl2) were created using relaxation measurements of synthetic gel samples at 0.0065, 0.064, and 0.55 T. Measurements were evaluated for variability with respect to measurement repeatability and changing synthesis protocol or laboratory temperature. The mixing models were used to identify formulations of agarose and salt composition to approximately mimic the relaxation times of five neurological tissues (blood, cerebrospinal fluid, fat, gray matter, and white matter) at 0.0065, 0.0475, 0.05, 0.064, and 0.55 T. These mimic sample formulations were measured at each field strength. Of these samples, the GdCl3 and NiCl2 measurements were closest to the target tissue relaxation times. The GdCl3 or NiCl2 mixing model recipes are recommended for creating target relaxation samples below 0.55 T. This work can help development of MRI methods and applications for low‐field systems and applications.
NSW cannabis medicines advisory service retrospective enquiry analysis to inform clinical guidance resource development
Authors: Graham Myfanwy , Eden Edward , Maddison Kelsey , Lago Luise , Allingham Samuel , Lucas Catherine J. , Schneider Jennifer , Martin Jennifer H. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundAn innovative New South Wales government funded statewide Cannabis Medicines Advisory Service (CMAS) operated between January 2018 and June 2022. The service provided comprehensive patient‐specific and evidence‐based information to support health professionals in prescribing and patient care decisions. This study aimed to describe real‐world data collected by CMAS.MethodsA sub‐set of de‐identified, patient‐specific enquiries collected between January 2021 and June 2022 (n = 123/567; 21.7%) were analyzed using R version 4.2.1. Diagnosis, indication, and comorbidities were coded using Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) terminology.ResultsMost patient‐specific enquiries from medical practitioners were from general practitioners (n = 103/123; 83.7%). Female (n = 53/123; 43.1%) and male (n = 59/123; 48.0%) patients were similarly represented. Sex was not specified for 8.9% (n = 11/123) of patients. The mean age of patients was 52.1 years (range <10–90). The most common three diagnoses were osteoarthritis, anxiety, and chronic pain. Indications that were most frequently reported included chronic pain, anxiety, back pain, non‐neuropathic pain, and insomnia. Comedications were most commonly non‐opioid and opioid analgesics and antidepressants. Most practitioners were considering prescribing a cannabidiol (CBD) product for their patient. Cannabinoid composition selection guidance provided by CMAS was predominantly (delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol) THC:CBD ~1:1, followed by CBD‐only products. CMAS was contacted by health professionals regarding the management of potential adverse events for five patients.ConclusionThe findings of this study shed light on the information medical practitioners were seeking to inform their clinical decision‐making about medical cannabis and can inform the development of clinical guidance resources.
Quantifying the Effect of the Cross‐Facial Nerve Graft on the Nonparalyzed Side
Authors: Witsberger Chelsey A. , Dermody Sarah M. , Kim Jennifer C. , Drake Virginia E. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe cross‐facial nerve graft (CFNG) is employed in facial reanimation surgery to restore neural connectivity from the nonparalyzed side of the face to the paralyzed side, facilitating spontaneous smiling. Typically, the sural nerve, due to its length, serves as the donor graft. Implantation involves functional facial branch transection to provide graft input. However, impact of this transection on a patient's smile has not been conclusively quantified.Study Setting & DesignTertiary Care Academic Medical Center; retrospective chart review.MethodsIn a chart review of patients from 2018 to 2022, 15 patients with unilateral flaccid facial paralysis who underwent CFNG were identified. Demographic and clinical data were collated including medical history and operative details. Emotrics software was used to compare preoperative and postoperative photographs by measuring smile parameters. Percent change was analyzed via Student's T‐test.ResultsA zygomatic branch was sacrificed in 8/15 (53%) surgeries and a buccal branch in 4/15 (27%) surgeries. When evaluating smile angle, dental show, upper lip height deviation, and commissure excursion for open and closed smiles, the average relative change for the nonparalyzed side was 3.4%, 2.8 mm, 12.5%, 3.0 mm, and 1.9% respectively. When comparing these metrics preoperatively and postoperatively in the functional side, there was no statistically significant difference (P = .13, P = .65, P = .33, P = .36, P = .64).ConclusionThere was no significant difference in our assessment of smile after facial branch transection in CFNG, suggesting the impact on a patient's smile may be negligible. Additional studies are needed to characterize qualitative impact on patients and result generalizability.
Improvement of the stability with a TRT‐collision scheme in a Lattice Boltzmann method for elastic solids
Authors: Müller Henning , Panov Justinijan , Müller Ralf 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn recent years, Lattice Boltzmann (LB) schemes have been adapted to the simulation of elastodynamics. The resulting methods show promising characteristics, especially the computational efficiency and the scaling to large systems. A constitutive model is needed for solids, which is captured by a source term in the LB formulation. However, this approach leads to problems with the numerical stability for a large regime of material parameters. In this publication, a linear elastic material model is regarded. This work regards the underlying reasons for instabilities. As a remedy, a two‐relaxation‐time collision operator is employed. Effects on the stability are examined through error measures of a dynamical simulation model.
How to Utilize University Nursing Clinic Resources Successfully to Transition Autistic Adolescents into Higher Education
Authors: McIntosh Constance E. , Wendel Janelle 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is complex neurodevelopmental disorder that is exhibited through a wide‐range of symptoms including social interactions, communication deficits, limited interests, and repetitive behaviors (e.g., stimming). The prevalence of autism amongst children and adolescents continues to grow with 1 in 36 diagnosed annually (CDC, 2024). Because autism often comes with a myriad of comorbidities (e.g., sleep disorders, seizure activity, nutritional imbalances, gastrointestinal issues, and mental health disorders), children and adolescents are often prescribed medications and/or treatments to help with the management of these chronic diseases. Croen et al., (2006) found that adolescents are six times more likely to be hospitalized than their neuro‐typical peers. Managing autism takes a multi‐disciplinary approach. Navigating a large university system, academics, and being away from home can be challenging for any teenager. But, adding the complexity of managing a chronic neurodevelopmental disorder on top of the new environment could potentially be overwhelming for the autistic adolescent. It makes sense to use all available resources when transitioning into a college setting. Registered nurses (RN) and advanced practice nurses (APN) are employed at university clinics to help manage student healthcare issues including acute healthcare problems (e.g., viruses), traumatic issues, and chronic healthcare issues. This paper will examine how nursing professionals can assist autistic adolescents when they are entering into a college environment by managing medications and other treatment modalities while being a student advocate within a multi‐disciplinary team.
Long Term Ventilation in Pediatric Central Apnea: Etiologies and Therapeutic Approach over a Decade
Authors: Presti Santiago , Pavone Martino , Verrillo Elisabetta , Paglietti Maria Giovanna , Del Colle Anna , Leonardi Salvatore , Cutrera Renato 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis retrospective study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics, ventilatory strategies, and effectiveness of ventilation in pediatric patients with central apneas treated at the Sleep Medicine and Long‐Term Ventilation Unit of the Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital in Rome from 2012 to 2022.MethodsAmong all ventilated patients at our Center from January 2012 to December 2022, we retrospectively included children with a cAHI ≥ 1 events/h on baseline poly(somno)graphic study. Additional parameters assessed included the underlying disease, type of ventilation (non‐invasive vs. invasive), age at ventilation onset, ventilation mode, and transcutaneous capnometry parameters. To assess the effectiveness of ventilation on central apneas, we compared the cAHI at baseline and on ventilation.ResultsSixty‐seven patients met the inclusion criteria for central apnea (cAHI > 1 events/h). Diagnoses included hypoxic‐ischemic encephalopathy, 15 (22.4%); Ondine syndrome, 14 (20.9%); polymalformative syndrome, 10 (14.9%); Prader‐Willi syndrome, 8 (11.9%); brain tumor, 6 (9.0%); Down syndrome, 4 (6.0%); ROHHAD syndrome, 2 (3.0%); other infrequent pathologies were, Arnold‐Chiari II, primary central apnea, epilepsy, lisosomal diseases, hydrocephalus, myopathy, obesity, Rett Syndrome. Pressure‐supported ventilation (PSV) was the most common mode used (45 out 67 patients, 67.2%), followed by pressure‐controlled ventilation (PCV) (15 out 67 patients, 22.4%) and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) (7 out 67 patients, 10.4%). Statistically significant improvement (p < 0.05) in cAHI was observed in patients with polymalformative syndrome (3.5 vs. 0.3, p = 0.01), hypoxic‐ischemic encephalopathy (3.1 vs. 0.1, p = < 0.01), and Prader‐Willi syndrome (3.5 vs. 0.1, p = 0.03), while there was no significant improvementn in children with brain tumor (6.2 vs. 1.5, p = 0.21).ConclusionCentral apneas are present in children with various underlying pathologies. Ventilatory strategies tailored to the specific diagnosis and severity of central apneas yield significant improvements in cAHI. PSV was the preferred ventilation mode in this study and there was notable effectiveness across different diagnostic categories. PCV was employed in most severe cases. CPAP was exclusively used in patients with predominantly obstructive sleep apneas.
Unveiling the GT114 family: Structural characterization of A075L, a glycosyltransferase from Paramecium bursaria chlorella virus‐1 (PBCV‐1)
Authors: Laugieri Maria Elena , Speciale Immacolata , Gimeno Ana , Lin Sicheng , Byers Brock W. , Poveda Ana , Núñez‐Franco Reyes , Iturrioz Idoia , Moure María J. , Jiménez‐Osés Gonzalo , Russo‐Krauss Irene , Notaro Anna , Van Etten James L. , Lowary Todd L. , Jimenez‐Barbero Jesús , De Castro Cristina , Tonetti Michela , Rojas Adriana L. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractProtein A075L is a β‐xylosyltransferase that participates in producing the core of the N‐glycans found in VP54, the major viral capsid protein of Paramecium bursaria chlorella virus‐1 (PBCV‐1). In this study, we present an X‐ray crystallographic analysis of the apo form of A075L, along with its complexes with the sugar donor and with a trisaccharide acceptor. The protein structure shows a typical GT‐B folding, with two Rossmann‐like fold domains, in which the acceptor substrate binds to the N‐terminal region, and the nucleotide‐sugar donor binds to the C‐terminal region. We propose that the catalytic mechanism follows a direct displacement SN2‐like reaction, where Asp73 serves as a catalytic base that deprotonates the incoming nucleophile of the acceptor, facilitating direct displacement of the UDP with the inversion of the anomeric configuration of the acceptor without metal ion dependence, while the interactions with side chains of Arg158 and Arg208 stabilize the developing negative charge. Using isothermal titration calorimetry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high‐performance liquid chromatography, and molecular dynamics simulations, the catalytic activity and specificity of this enzyme have been unraveled.
Structure‐based clustering and mutagenesis of bacterial tannases reveals the importance and diversity of active site‐capping domains
Authors: Coleman Tom , Viknander Sandra , Kirk Alicia M. , Sandberg David , Caron Elise , Zelezniak Aleksej , Krenske Elizabeth , Larsbrink Johan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTannins are critical plant defense metabolites, enriched in bark and leaves, that protect against microorganisms and insects by binding to and precipitating proteins. Hydrolyzable tannins contain ester bonds which can be cleaved by tannases—serine hydrolases containing so‐called “cap” domains covering their active sites. However, comprehensive insights into the biochemical properties and structural diversity of tannases are limited, especially regarding their cap domains. We here present a code pipeline for structure prediction‐based hierarchical clustering to categorize the whole family of bacterial tannases, and have used it to discover new types of cap domains and other structural insertions among these enzymes. Subsequently, we used two recently identified tannases from the gut/soil bacterium Clostridium butyricum as model systems to explore the biochemical and structural properties of the cap domains of tannases. We demonstrate using molecular dynamics and mutagenesis that the cap domain covering the active site plays a major role in enzyme substrate preference, inhibition, and activity—despite not directly interacting with smaller substrates. The present work provides deeper knowledge into the mechanism, structural dynamics, and diversity of tannases. The structure‐based clustering approach presents a new way of classifying any other enzyme family, and will be of relevance for enzyme types where activity is influenced by variable loop or insert regions appended to a core protein fold.
RNA interference‐mediated targeting of monooxygenase SsMNO1 for controlling Sclerotinia stem rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Authors: Han Lili , Li Yali , Yuan Zihong , Wang Jing , Tian Binnian , Fang Anfei , Yang Yuheng , Bi Chaowei , Yu Yang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDSclerotinia sclerotiorum is a devastating fungal pathogen that poses a threat to a variety of economically important crops. Owing to the lack of highly resistant cultivars and the prolonged survival of sclerotia, effective control of Sclerotinia diseases remains challenging. RNA interference (RNAi) agents targeting essential active transcripts of genes associated with the development and virulence of pathogens are a valuable and promising disease control method.RESULTSOur finding suggested that a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)‐dependent monooxygenase gene SsMNO1 plays pivotal roles in the hyphal growth, sclerotial development, and virulence of S. sclerotiorum, rendering it a potential target for RNAi‐mediated management of S. sclerotiorum. The external application of double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) targeting SsMNO1 inhibited sclerotial development in artificial media and plant tissues. Furthermore, dsRNA significantly reduced the hyphal virulence of S. sclerotiorum in host plants by interfering with SsMNO1 expression. The inhibitory activity persisted for over 1 week on the surface of Brassica napus. Artificial small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting SsMNO1 also exhibited inhibitory effects. Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants expressing SsMNO1 hairpin RNAi constructs showed increased resistance to S. sclerotiorum infection. Notably, the total RNA extracts from SsMNO1‐RNAi plants also reduced the hyphal virulence in Brassica napus.CONCLUSIONSTherefore, RNAi agents targeting SsMNO1 have dual effects on sclerotial development and hyphal virulence, rendering it an ideal target for controlling diseases caused by S. sclerotiorum. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Sensitivity of the Energy Conversion Efficiency of Tropical Cyclones During Intensification to Sea Surface Temperature and Static Stability
Authors: Lai Tsz‐Kin , Toumi Ralf 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIt is projected that the sea surface temperature (SST) increases under climate change and enhances tropical cyclone (TC) intensification directly. An opposing expected feature of climate change is the strengthening atmospheric static stability, which may suppress intensification. The intensity and diabatic heating are closely related through the secondary circulation, but it has been unclear whether both will change at the same rate. Here we show that they respond differently to stability changes. The efficiency of converting diabatic heating to kinetic energy (KE) of TCs to SST and static stability during the intensification stage is examined. In a set of idealised simulations, the efficiency does not have a significant relation with the SST. However the efficiency is found to decrease with increasing static stability at a rate of about K. It is shown that the KE increment declines, while the diabatic heating in the eyewall remains unchanged with larger static stability. The decrease in KE gain at the eyewall is associated with an enhanced outward advection of absolute angular momentum. The combined effect of enhanced water‐vapour supply and the slightly reduced updraft at the eyewall keeps the diabatic heating steady with varying static stability. This study demonstrates the complex effects of enhanced static stability, which is expected to accompany surface warming, on tropical cyclones.
Qualitative Aspects of System Dynamics Modeling
Authors: Stave Krystyna , Zimmermann Nici , Kim Hyunjung 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIt is difficult to imagine a system dynamics study without any qualitative aspects. Defining the dynamic problem of interest, representing the causal structure generating the problem's dynamic behavior, and using the model to serve the purpose of the study all involve qualitative processes, elements, and decisions. The 17 papers in this Special Issue illustrate the richness and diversity of qualitative aspects in the field and show how thoroughly qualitative aspects are integrated into every stage of system dynamics practice from problem specification to model formulation and model use. They also present exciting ways people are innovating with qualitative aspects, advancing model use with diverse audiences, and thinking deeply about what policy makers, stakeholders, and clients need to best motivate action. The papers show general agreement about the definitions of “small” qualitative concepts, such as qualitative variables, qualitative data, and qualitative procedures and less agreement about the definitions of “large” qualitative constructs such as qualitative models or qualitative modeling. Overall, this collection lays the groundwork for further reflection about the value and practice of qualitative aspects of system dynamics and suggests some paths forward. © 2024 System Dynamics Society.
Sulfamic Acid Catalyzed One‐Pot Three‐Component Synthesis of Spiro‐Oxindole Fused Dihydroquinazolinone Derivatives in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Banerjee Bubun , Sharma Aditi , Priya Anu , Singh Arvind , Kaur Manmeet 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA simple, efficient, and straightforward protocol has been developed for the synthesis of spiro‐oxindole fused dihydroquinazolinone derivatives from one‐pot three‐component reactions of isatoic anhydride, various primary anilines, and substituted isatins using a catalytic amount of sulfamic acid as an organocatalyst in water under refluxed conditions. All the synthesized compounds were formed within just 2 h and isolated pure by simple filtration with excellent yields (89%–94%). Gram scale production, use of commercially available low‐cost organocatalyst, green solvent, reusability of the medium, one‐pot three‐component reaction strategy, no column chromatography, and high atom economy are some of the major benefits of this newly developed protocol.
Sequential Decarboxylation, Substitution, Cyclization and Oxidation with Iodine‐DMSO Catalytic System: A New Methodology for the Construction of Imidazoquinoxaline Motifs
Authors: Chiranjeevi Yakkanti , Kumar Ganta Ravi , Rao Lakinani Vaikunta , Golagani Srinuvasarao , Simhachalam Gorle , Satyender Apuri 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA one‐pot synthetic protocol has been developed using aryl acetic acid as new and alternate surrogate for the synthesis of 4‐aryl imidazoquinoxalines with molecular iodine‐DMSO green catalytic system under classical heating at 100–110 °C. A variety of quinoxaline derivatives containing quinoline are prepared by using this methodology. This new protocol has a potential to tolerate broad substrates, that is, different amines and aryl acetic acids.