bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term outcome of lacrimal stent intubation for complete acquired lacrimal drainage obstructions
Authors: Bohman Elin , Kugelberg Maria , Dafgård Kopp Eva 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPurposeTo investigate long‐term outcome and report reoperation rate of non‐infected, complete acquired lacrimal drainage obstruction (ALDO) treated with canaliculodacryocystoplasty (CDCP) depending on site of stenosis.MethodConsecutive adult patients with non‐infected, complete ALDO treated with CDCP were followed for 76 months. Location of stenosis at preoperative visit and intraoperative probing was recorded, and during follow‐up, recurrence of stenosis prompting additional surgery and complications were noted. Survival analysis was applied to compare reoperation rate depending on site of stenosis. A follow‐up questionnaire was sent to patients not requiring reoperation asking to grade current epiphora problems.ResultsAmong 85 included cases (71 patients), 57 were classified as canalicular stenosis and 28 as nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) preoperatively. At the end of follow‐up, 39% (33/85) of cases had required additional surgery due to persistent/recurrent symptoms. No statistical difference was found between these groups.During CDCP, 25 of the 57 preoperatively classified canalicular stenosis were found to have an additional obstruction below the sac. The group with only canalicular stenosis had a statistically significant higher survival compared with cases with NLDO or multiple obstructions (p = 0.03). Of patients responding to the follow‐up questionnaire, 11/37 cases experienced epiphora often or constant.ConclusionTreating complete NLDO with CDCP results in a high reoperation rate and seems an insufficient alternative. Canaliculodacryocystoplasty (CDCP) may be discussed if preoperative examination indicates canalicular stenosis and dacryocystorhinostomy is not desirable. However, the patient needs to be aware of the higher risk for additional surgery, especially if a second stenosis is found during probing.
Infectious diseases detected by screening after arrival to Denmark in internationally adopted children
Authors: Nielsen Agnethe Vale , Kjærgaard Jesper , Pedersen Tine Marie , Helmuth Ida Glode , Nygaard Ulrikka , Nielsen Helle Winter , Christensen Vibeke Brix , Kurtzhals Jørgen Anders Lindholm , Poulsen Anja 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimTo show the prevalence of selected infectious diseases among internationally adopted children (IAC) in Denmark.BackgroundEach year approximately 200 IAC arrive in Denmark. These are at increased risk of infectious diseases rarely seen in Danish children. Studies from the 1990s showed that 60% of IAC had infectious diseases and that the majority of these were undetected without screening.MethodsThe study is a prospective study of medical records from children seen in the adoption clinic at Copenhagen University Hospital in the period 2009‐2013. Screening was done for hepatitis A (HAV), B (HBV) and C (HCV), syphilis, HIV, tuberculosis (TB) and intestinal parasites. Results: In 245 IAC tested, 2% had evidence of recent HAV infection, 3% with HBV and one child with HCV, and no cases of HIV were found. One child had antibodies against syphilis (anti‐Trpa AB positivity), and 2% were latently infected with tuberculosis. We found 30% infected with pathogenic intestinal parasites. Only 46% had serologic evidence of immunisation against HBV.ConclusionThe prevalence of infections in IAC was lower than previously reported but compared to the general population, a higher prevalence of intestinal parasites, hepatitis and tuberculosis was found. We recommend that IAC are offered screening shortly after arrival.
Does Listening to Music Regulate Negative Affect in a Stressful Situation? Examining the Effects of Self‐Selected and Researcher‐Selected Music Using Both Silent and Active Controls
Authors: Groarke Jenny M. , Groarke AnnMarie , Hogan Michael J. , Costello Laura , Lynch Danielle 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundStress and anxiety are increasingly common among young people. The current research describes two studies comparing the effects of self‐selected and researcher‐selected music on induced negative affect (state anxiety and physiological arousal), and state mindfulness.MethodIn Study 1, 70 undergraduates were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: researcher‐selected music, self‐selected music, or a silent control condition. In Study 2, with 75 undergraduates, effects of music were compared to an active control (listening to a radio show). Negative affect was induced using a speech preparation and arithmetic task, followed by music listening or control. Self‐reported anxiety and blood pressure were measured at baseline, post‐induction, and post‐intervention. Study 2 included state mindfulness as a dependent measure.ResultsStudy 1 indicated that participants who listened to music (self‐selected and researcher‐selected) reported significantly greater anxiety reduction than participants in the silent control condition. Music did not reduce anxiety compared to an active control in Study 2. However, music listening significantly increased levels of state mindfulness, which predicted lower anxiety after self‐selected music listening.ConclusionsMusic may provide regulation in preparation for stressful events. Yet, the results of Study 2 indicate that other activities have similar benefits, and shows, for the first time, that music listening increases mindfulness following a stressor.
The impact of anti‐TNFα therapy on colectomy rates and corticosteroid treatment among 3001 paediatric and adolescent patients with ulcerative colitis—a nationwide study from 1995 to 2015
Authors: Lund Ken , Larsen Michael Due , Knudsen Torben , Kjeldsen Jens , Nielsen Rasmus Gaardskjaer , Nørgård Bente Mertz 
Published: October 2019

SummaryBackgroundThe long‐term effects of anti‐TNFα therapy in ulcerative colitis are debatable.AimTo examine whether anti‐TNFα therapy changed the colectomy proportion and reduced the use of corticosteroids.MethodsA nationwide cohort study among patients (age 0‐20) diagnosed with ulcerative colitis through 1995‐2015 from Danish health registries. We calculated the cumulative 5‐year risk of colectomy after diagnosis and used a Cox regression model for comparison between a historical pre‐anti‐TNFα cohort 1 (1995‐2003) and a cohort 2 for the era of anti‐TNFα (2004‐2015). Based on anti‐TNFα users, defined as patients who had at least four anti‐TNFα treatments within 4 months, we examined the subsequent need for corticosteroids.ResultsWe identified 3001 patients from 1995 to 2015. The 5‐year cumulative proportion of colectomy in cohort 2 was 9.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 8.4‐11.1) and 12.3% (95% CI 10.4‐14.6) in cohort 1. The adjusted 5‐year hazard ratio (HR) was 0.76 (95% CI 0.60‐0.96) for colectomy in cohort 2 compared to cohort 1. A total of 334 patients received anti‐TNFα treatments, and 16.8% (56/334) were prescribed corticosteroids in the subsequent 3‐month period. Corticosteroid treatment declined with follow‐up after 6 and 12 months, 5.4% and 1.2%, respectively.ConclusionIn patient's ≤20 years, the HR for colectomy within a period of 5 years from the time of diagnosis was reduced in the era of anti‐TNFα compared to a historical cohort. In patients treated with anti‐TNFα, prescriptions of corticosteroids were virtually ceased after 12 months.
New library of pyrazole–imidazo[1,2‐α]pyridine molecular conjugates: Synthesis, antibacterial activity and molecular docking studies
Authors: Ebenezer Oluwakemi , Awolade Paul , Koorbanally Neil , Singh Parvesh 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA library of novel pyrazole–imidazo[1,2‐α]pyridine scaffolds was designed and synthesized through a one‐pot three‐component tandem reaction. The structures of synthesized conjugates were confirmed by spectroscopic techniques (NMR, IR and HRMS). In vitro antibacterial evaluation of the twelve synthesized molecules (7a, 8a–k) against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus and normal strains of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa established 8b, 8d, 8e, 8h and 8i as potent antibacterial agents with superior minimum bactericidal concentration, compared with standard drug ciprofloxacin. Molecular docking studies of all active compounds into the binding site of glucosamine‐6‐phosphate synthase were further performed in order to have a comprehensive understanding of putative binding modes within the active sites of the receptor.
The role of innate immunity in asthma development and protection: Lessons from the environment
Authors: Pivniouk Vadim , Gimenes Junior Joao Antonio , Honeker Linnea K. , Vercelli Donata 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAsthma, a complex, chronic disease characterized by airway inflammation, hyperresponsiveness and remodelling, affects over 300 million people worldwide. While the disease is typically associated with exaggerated allergen‐induced type 2 immune responses, these responses are strongly influenced by environmental exposures that stimulate innate immune pathways capable of promoting or protecting from asthma. The dual role played by innate immunity in asthma pathogenesis offers multiple opportunities for both research and clinical interventions and is the subject of this review.
Healthcare utilisation, follow‐up of guidelines and practice variation on rhinosinusitis in adults: A healthcare reimbursement claims study in The Netherlands
Authors: Kaper Nina M. , Aarts Mark C. J. , Stokroos Robert J. , van der Heijden Geert J. M. G. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo provide insight into healthcare utilisation of rhinosinusitis, compare data with clinical practice guideline recommendations and assess practice variation.DesignAnonymised data from claims reimbursement registries of healthcare insurers were analysed, from 1 January 2016 until 31 December 2016.SettingSecondary and tertiary care in the Netherlands.ParticipantsPatients ≥18 years with diagnostic code “sinusitis.”Main outcome measuresHealthcare utilisation (prevalence, co‐morbidity, diagnostic testing, surgery), costs, comparison with guideline recommendation, practice variation.ResultsWe identified 56 825 patients, prevalence was 0.4%. Costs were € 45 979 554—that is 0.2% of total hospital‐related care costs (€21 831.3 × 106). Most patients were <75 years, with a slight female preponderance. 29% had comorbidities (usually COPD/asthma). 9% underwent skin prick testing, 61% nasal endoscopy, 2% X‐ray and 51% CT. Surgery rate was 16%, mostly in daycare. Nearly, all surgical procedures were performed endonasally and concerned the maxillary and/or ethmoid sinus. Seven recommendations (25%) could be (partially) compared to the distribution of claims data. Except for endoscopy, healthcare utilisation patterns were in line with guideline recommendations. We compared results for three geographical regions and found generally corresponding rates of diagnostic testing and surgery.ConclusionPrevalence was lower than reported previously. Within the boundaries of guideline recommendations, we encountered acceptable variation in healthcare utilisation in Dutch hospitals. Health reimbursement claims data can provide insight into healthcare utilisation, but they do not allow evaluation of the quality and outcomes of care, and therefore, results should be interpreted with caution.
Normal patterns of left ventricle rest myocardial perfusion assessed by third‐generation cardiac computed tomography
Authors: Forte Ernesto , Punzo Bruna , Gentile Federico , Salvatore Marco , Cavaliere Carlo , Cademartiri Filippo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPurposeTo investigate diastolic and systolic patterns of segmental and transmural rest perfusion of the left ventricle (LV) in normal subjects (NS) undergoing third‐generation dual‐source cardiac computed tomography (CCT).MethodsForty consecutive NS, with normal coronary arteries and cardiac chambers both anatomically and functionally on the basis of CCT, were retrospectively enrolled in the study. Relative normalized myocardial attenuation density (rnMAD) and transmural perfusion ratio (TPR) were calculated in diastole and systole for each segment and layer of the LV and then pooled into territories.ResultsStatistical analysis showed that sub‐endocardial rnMAD was significantly higher than intra‐myocardial and sub‐epicardial for all myocardial territories both in systolic and diastolic phases (P<0·001). Basal and mid‐ventricular rnMAD were higher than apical for all myocardial layers (P<0·001). Septum displayed higher rnMAD in intra‐myocardium and sub‐epicardium (179 ± 61 and 170 ± 59 in diastole and 172 ± 60 and 166 ± 58 in systole, respectively) than the anterior, lateral and inferior wall (P<0·001). Diastolic and systolic TPR were significantly different for the anterior and lateral wall (P<0·001), while septal TPR (1·06 ± 0·06 in diastole and 1·05 ± 0·06 in systole, respectively) was the lowest as compared to other territories’ TPR. Finally, basal, mid‐ventricular and apical TPR showed a significant linear trend with basal lower than mid‐ventricular and apical values.ConclusionInter‐territory and inter‐layer myocardial perfusion differences can be accurately assessed with CCT in NS. This assessment is the basic step to further evaluate abnormal rest perfusion patterns in ischaemic and non‐ischaemic diseases.
An evaluation of stringent filtering to improve species distribution models from citizen science data
Authors: Steen Valerie A. , Elphick Chris S. , Tingley Morgan W. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimCitizen science data are increasingly used for modelling species distributions because they offer broad spatiotemporal coverage of local observations. However, such data are often collected without experimental design or set survey methods, raising the risk that bias and noise will compromise modelled predictions. We tested the ability of species distribution models (SDMs) built from these low‐structure citizen science data to match the quality of SDMs from systematically collected data and tested whether stringent data filtering improved predictions.LocationNortheastern USA.MethodsWe evaluated models built from a rapidly growing dataset of avian occurrences reported by birders—eBird—against models built from four independent, systematically collected datasets. We developed SDMs for 96 species using both data sources and compared their predictive abilities. We also tested whether culling eBird data by applying stringent data filters on survey effort or observer expertise improved predictions.ResultsWe found that SDMs built from low‐structure citizen science data matched or exceeded performance of SDMs from systematically collected datasets for 12%–31% of species ( = 22%), depending on the dataset. At least one culling option produced equivalent or better performance for 40%–70% of species ( = 49%). Data culling by restricting survey effort improved predictions more than restricting by observer expertise. The optimal effort restriction differed by dataset, and for three of the datasets was further informed by species traits.Main conclusionsSpecies distribution models developed using low‐structure citizen science data sometimes performed as well as those from systematic data. Culling generally improved models, but results were heterogeneous, prohibiting clear recommendations for how to cull. Our results indicate that the growing availability of citizen science data holds potential for creating high‐quality spatial predictions, but that time should be invested in determining how best to cull datasets and that one‐size‐fits‐all solutions beyond basic outlier filtering may be hard to find.
Efficacy and safety of scheduled early endoscopic ultrasonography‐guided ethanol reinjection for patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: Prospective pilot study
Authors: Matsumoto Kazuyuki , Kato Hironari , Kawano Seiji , Fujiwara Hiroyasu , Nishida Kenji , Harada Ryo , Fujii Masakuni , Yoshida Ryuichi , Umeda Yuzo , Hinotsu Shiro , Yagi Takahito , Okada Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2019

Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)‐guided ethanol injection was recently proposed for treatment of patients with small pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (p‐NET); however, tips on how to carry out safe and effective procedures are unclear. We launched a pilot study for scheduled early EUS‐guided ethanol reinjection for small p‐NET. Major eligibility criteria were presence of pathologically diagnosed grade (G) 1 or G2, tumor size ≤2 cm and being a poor or rejected candidate for surgery. For the treatment, we used a 25‐gauge needle and pure ethanol. Contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CE‐CT) was carried out on postoperative day 3, and if enhanced areas of the tumor were still apparent, an additional session was scheduled during the same hospitalization period. Primary endpoint was complete ablation rate at 1 month after treatment, and secondary endpoint was procedure‐related adverse events. A total of five patients were treated. Median size of the tumor was 10 (range: 7–14) mm. Of the five patients, three underwent an additional session. Median volume of ethanol injection per session was 0.8 (range: 0.3–1.0) mL, and the total was 1.0 (0.9–1.8) mL. Complete ablation was achieved in four of the five tumors (80%) with no adverse events. During 1 year of follow up, none of the patients reported any procedure‐related adverse events, and no recurrence of tumor. Scheduled early EUS‐guided ethanol reinjection appears to be safe and effective for treating small p‐NET (UMIN number: 000018834).
Congenital myopathies: an update
Authors: Claeys Kristl G 
Published: October 2019

Congenital myopathies comprise a clinical, histopathological, and genetic heterogeneous group of rare hereditary muscle diseases that are defined by architectural abnormalities in the muscle fibres. They are subdivided by the predominant structural pathological change on muscle biopsy, resulting in five subgroups: (1) core myopathies; (2) nemaline myopathies; (3) centronuclear myopathies; (4) congenital fibre type disproportion myopathy; and (5) myosin storage myopathy. Besides the clinical features, muscle biopsy, muscle imaging, and genetic analyses are essential in the diagnosis of congenital myopathies. Using next‐generation sequencing techniques, a large number of new genes are being identified as the cause of congenital myopathies as well as new mutations in known genes, broadening the phenotype–genotype spectrum of congenital myopathies. Management is performed by a multidisciplinary team specialized in neuromuscular disorders, where the (paediatric) neurologist has an essential role. To date, only supportive treatment is available, but novel pathomechanisms are being discovered and gene therapies are being explored.What this paper adds

Many new genes are being identified in congenital myopathies, broadening the phenotype–genotype spectrum.

Management is performed by a multidisciplinary team specialized in neuromuscular disorders.
Join hands or walk alone? Evidence on lobbying for trade policy in India
Authors: Saha Amrita 
Published: October 2019

AbstractUsing primary evidence for 146 Indian manufacturing firms, I examine single and dual lobbying strategies for trade policy influence, and the factors driving firm's choice of these strategies. Firms can adopt a single strategy, by lobbying collectively as a group (Join Hands), or lobbying individually as a firm (Walk Alone). Firms can also adopt a dual strategy, that is, a combination of collective and individual lobbying. The choice of strategy is affected by sector concentration and by tradeoffs between lobbying intensity for sector‐wide and firm‐specific outcomes. The following findings are new for India: First, majority of Indian firms (more than 64% in the sample) use a dual strategy, suggesting the importance to better understand what drives dual strategies. Second, the likelihood of adopting a dual lobbying is higher in sectors that are characterized by low concentration (dispersion is higher), indicating a strong competition effect over free‐riding. Third, relative to the single strategy of collective lobbying, Indian manufacturing firms are likely to join hands while walking alone when targeting firm‐specific outcomes, but prefer to walk alone (single strategy of individual lobbying) when there are tradeoffs between different outcomes, to react quickly. Finally, the availability of resources and firm's perceived effectiveness of its lobbying are significant drivers for the strategy choice.
Ecological drivers of fish metacommunities: Environmental and spatial factors surpass predation in structuring metacommunities of intermittent rivers
Authors: Faustino de Queiroz Amanda Caroline , Terra Bianca de Freitas 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMetacommunity theory is a new approach for explaining how local and regional processes contribute to community organisation and integrative studies are needed to fully characterise the processes underlying its structure and function. We analysed, through variation partitioning and distance decay relationships, how metacommunities of fish in pools of intermittent rivers are structured by environmental, species interaction and spatial factors. The results indicate that both species sorting and dispersal limitation (spatial factors) were important in shaping fish metacommunities. Species sorting was the most influential driver within fish metacommunities, but predation was much less relevant and did not show any pure effect in metacommunity structure. However, environmental factors were determinant among metacommunity patches.
Genetic population structure and variation at phenology‐related loci in anadromous Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus)
Authors: Madsen Rikke P. A. , Jacobsen Magnus W. , O'Malley Kathleen G. , Nygaard Rasmus , Præbel Kim , Jónsson Bjarni , Pujolar Jose M. , Fraser Dylan J. , Bernatchez Louis , Hansen Michael M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe Arctic will be especially affected by climate change, resulting in altered seasonal timing. Anadromous Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) is strongly influenced by sea surface temperature (SST) delimiting time periods available for foraging in the sea. Recent studies of salmonid species have shown variation at phenology‐related loci associated with timing of migration and spawning. We contrasted genetic population structure at 53 SNPs versus four phenology‐related loci among 15 anadromous Arctic char populations from Western Greenland and three outgroup populations. Among anadromous populations, the time period available for foraging at sea (>2°C) ranges from a few weeks to several months, motivating two research questions: (a) Is population structure compatible with possibilities for evolutionary rescue of anadromous populations during climate change? (b) Does selection associated with latitude or SST regimes act on phenology‐related loci? In Western Greenland, strong isolation by distance at SNPs was observed and spatial autocorrelation analysis showed genetic patch size up to 450 km, documenting contingency and gene flow among populations. Outlier tests provided no evidence for selection at phenology‐related loci. However, in Western Greenland, mean allele length at OtsClock1b was positively associated with the time of year when SST first exceeded 2°C and negatively associated with duration of the period where SST exceeded 2°C. This is consistent with local adaptation for making full use of the time period available for foraging in the sea. Current adaptation may become maladaptive under climate change, but long‐distance connectivity of anadromous populations could redistribute adaptive variation across populations and lead to evolutionary rescue.