bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Duty hours restriction for our surgical trainees: An ethical obligation or a bad idea?
Authors: Adin Christopher A. , Fogle Callie A. , Marks Steven L. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTo ensure patient safety and protect the well‐being of interns and residents, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) issued guidelines in 2003 limiting the working hours of physician trainees. Although many supported the goals of the ACGME, institutions struggled to restructure their programs and hire staff required by this unfunded mandate. Numerous studies have analyzed the effects of duty hours restrictions on patient outcomes and physician training over the past 15 years. Most agree that duty hours restrictions improved well‐being of house officers, but these improvements came at the expense of continuity, and patient hand‐offs led to medical errors. Effects on resident training are program specific, with duty hours restrictions having the most deleterious effects on surgical disciplines. Because veterinary specialists assume a similar role in providing 24‐hour patient care, interns and residents face work‐related stress as a result of extended working hours, on‐call duty, and an increasingly complex caseload. The North Carolina State Veterinary Hospital is staffed by approximately 100 house officers representing almost every veterinary specialty group. We surveyed departing house officers regarding their quality of life and training experience. Sixty‐six percent of interns and residents reported that they do not have time to take care of personal needs, and 57%‐62% felt neutral or dissatisfied with their mental and physical well‐being. Most trainees believed that decreased duty hours would improve learning, but 42% believed that decreased caseload would be detrimental to training. Veterinary educators must consider post‐DVM veterinary training guidelines that maintain patient care with a good learning environment for interns and residents.
Reduced Fatigue in Passive Versus Active Recovery: An Examination of Repeated-Change-of-Direction Sprints in Basketball Players
Authors: Madueno Maria C. , Dalbo Vincent J. , Guy Joshua H. , Giamarelos Kate E. , Spiteri Tania , Scanlan Aaron T. 
Published: February 2018

Purpose: To investigate the physiological and performance effects of active and passive recovery between repeated-change-of-direction sprints. Methods: Eight semiprofessional basketball players (age: 19.9 [1.5] y; stature: 183.0 [9.6] cm; body mass: 77.7 [16.9] kg; body fat: 11.8% [6.3%]; and peak oxygen consumption: 46.1 [7.6] mL·kg−1·min−1) completed 12 × 20-m repeated-change-of-direction sprints (Agility 5-0-5 tests) interspersed with 20 seconds of active (50% maximal aerobic speed) or passive recovery in a randomized crossover design. Physiological and perceptual measures included heart rate, oxygen consumption, blood lactate concentration, and rating of perceived exertion. Change-of-direction speed was measured during each sprint using the change-of-direction deficit (CODD), with summed CODD time and CODD decrement calculated as performance measures. Results: Average heart rate (7.3 [6.4] beats·min−1; P = .010; effect size (ES) = 1.09; very likely) and oxygen consumption (4.4 [5.0] mL·kg−1·min−1; P = .12; ES = 0.77; unclear) were moderately greater with active recovery compared with passive recovery across sprints. Summed CODD time (0.87 [1.01] s; P = .07; ES = 0.76, moderate; likely) and CODD decrement (8.1% [3.7%]; P < .01; ES = 1.94, large; almost certainly) were higher with active compared with passive recovery. Trivial–small differences were evident for rating of perceived exertion (P = .516; ES = 0.19; unclear) and posttest blood lactate concentration (P = .29; ES = 0.40; unclear) between recovery modes. Conclusions: Passive recovery between repeated-change-of-direction sprints may reduce the physiological stress and fatigue encountered compared with active recovery in basketball players.
Environmental Controls of Oyster-Pathogenic Vibrio spp. in Oregon Estuaries and a Shellfish Hatchery
Authors: Gradoville Mary R. , Crump Byron C. , Häse Claudia C. , White Angelicque E. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTVibriospp. have been a persistent concern for coastal bivalve hatcheries, which are vulnerable to environmental pathogens in the seawater used for rearing larvae, yet the biogeochemical drivers of oyster-pathogenicVibriospp. in their planktonic state are poorly understood. Here, we present data tracking oyster-pathogenicVibriobacteria in Netarts Bay and Yaquina Bay in Oregon, USA, as well as in adjacent coastal waters and a local shellfish hatchery, through the 2015 upwelling season.Vibriopopulations were quantified using a culture-independent approach of high-throughputVibrio-specific 16S rRNA gene sequencing paired with droplet digital PCR, and abundances were analyzed in the context of local biogeochemistry. The most abundant putative pathogen in our samples wasVibrio coralliilyticus. Environmental concentrations of totalVibriospp. andV. coralliilyticuswere highest in Netarts Bay sediment samples and higher in seawater from Netarts Bay than from nearshore coastal waters or Yaquina Bay. In Netarts Bay, the highestV. coralliilyticusconcentrations were observed during low tide, and abundances increased throughout the summer. We hypothesize that the warm shallow waters in estuarine mudflats facilitate the local growth of theV. coralliilyticuspathogen. Samples from larval oyster tanks in Whiskey Creek Shellfish Hatchery, which uses seawater pumped directly from Netarts Bay, contained significantly lower totalVibriospecies concentrations, but roughly similarV. coralliilyticusconcentrations, than did the bay water, resulting in a 30-fold increase in the relative abundance of theV. coralliilyticuspathogen in hatchery tanks. This suggests that theV. coralliilyticuspathogen is able to grow or persist under hatchery conditions.IMPORTANCEIt has been argued that oyster-pathogenicVibriospp. have contributed to recent mortality events in U.S. shellfish hatcheries (R. A. Elston, H. Hasegawa, K. L. Humphrey, I. K. Polyak, and C. Häse, Dis Aquat Organ 82:119–134, 2008,https://doi.org/10.3354/dao01982); however, these events are often sporadic and unpredictable. The success of hatcheries is critically linked to the chemical and biological composition of inflowing seawater resources; thus, it is pertinent to understand the biogeochemical drivers of oyster-pathogenicVibriospp. in their planktonic state. Here, we show that Netarts Bay, the location of a local hatchery, is enriched in oyster-pathogenicV. coralliilyticuscompared to coastal seawater, and we hypothesize that conditions in tidal flats promote the local growth of this pathogen. Furthermore,V. coralliilyticusappears to persist in seawater pumped into the local hatchery. These results improve our understanding of the ecology and environmental controls of theV. coralliilyticuspathogen and could be used to improve future aquaculture efforts, as multiple stressors impact hatchery success.
Draft Genome Sequence of a Novel
Thermofilum
sp. Strain from a New Zealand Hot Spring Enrichment Culture
Authors: Reysenbach Anna-Louise , Donaho John A. , Hinsch Todd M. , Kelley John F. , Kouba Kathleen , Podar Mircea , Stott Matthew B. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

A draft genome of a new
Thermofilum
sp. strain was obtained from an enrichment culture metagenome. Like its relatives,
Thermofilum
sp. strain NZ13 is adapted to organic-rich thermal environments and has to depend on other organisms and the environment for some key amino acids, purines, and cofactors.
Draft Genome Sequences of
bla
KPC
-Containing Enterobacter aerogenes, Citrobacter freundii, and Citrobacter koseri Strains
Authors: Hazen Tracy H. , Mettus Roberta T. , McElheny Christi L. , Bowler Sarah L. , Doi Yohei , Rasko David A. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

We report here the draft genome sequences of four
bla
KPC
-containing bacteria identified as
Klebsiella aerogenes
,
Citrobacter freundii
, and
Citrobacter koseri
. Additionally, we report the draft genome sequence of a
K. aerogenes
strain that did not contain a
bla
KPC
gene but was isolated from the patient who had the
bla
KPC-2
-containing
K. aerogenes
strain.
Genome Sequence of Azospirillum brasilense REC3, Isolated from Strawberry Plants
Authors: Fontana Cecilia Alejandra , Salazar Sergio Miguel , Bassi Daniela , Puglisi Edoardo , Lovaisa Nadia , Toffoli Lucía Mercedes , Pedraza Raúl , Cocconcelli Pier Sandro 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

The genome sequence of a plant growth-promoting bacterium and biocontrol agent,
Azospirillum brasilense
REC3, isolated from strawberry roots, is reported here. The
A. brasilense
REC3 total genome contains 7,229,924 bp and has a G+C content of 68.7 mol%.
Draft Genome Sequence of Microcystis aeruginosa NIES-87, a Bloom-Forming Cyanobacterium from Lake Kasumigaura, Japan
Authors: Yamaguchi Haruyo , Suzuki Shigekatsu , Kawachi Masanobu 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

Microcystis aeruginosa
is a problematic cyanobacterium in freshwater lakes distributed worldwide. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
M. aeruginosa
NIES-87, isolated from Lake Kasumigaura, Japan. The genome is approximately 4.9 Mb in size, with an average G+C content of 42.9% and 4,355 predicted protein-coding genes.
Analysis of SSL certificate reissues and revocations in the wake of heartbleed
Authors: Zhang Liang , Choffnes David , Dumitraş Tudor , Levin Dave , Mislove Alan , Schulman Aaron , Wilson Christo 
Published: February 2018

A properly managed public key infrastructure (PKI) is critical to ensure secure communication on the Internet. Surprisingly, some of the most important administrative steps---in particular, reissuing new X.509 certificates and revoking old ones---are manual and remained unstudied, largely because it is difficult to measure these manual processes at scale.
We use Heartbleed, a widespread OpenSSL vulnerability from 2014, as a natural experiment to determine whether administrators are properly managing their certificates. All domains affected by Heartbleed should have patched their software, revoked their old (possibly compromised) certificates, and reissued new ones, all as quickly as possible. We find the reality to be far from the ideal: over 73% of vulnerable certificates were not reissued and over 87% were not revoked three weeks after Heartbleed was disclosed. Our results also show a drastic decline in revocations on the weekends, even immediately following the Heartbleed announcement. These results are an important step in understanding the manual processes on which users rely for secure, authenticated communication.
The costs and pleasures of a computer science teacher
Authors: Guzdial Mark , Meyer Bertrand 
Published: February 2018

The
Communications
Web site, http://cacm.acm.org, features more than a dozen bloggers in the BLOG@CACM community. In each issue of
Communications
, we'll publish selected posts or excerpts.

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Follow us on Twitter at http://twitter.com/blogCACM

http://cacm.acm.org/blogs/blog-cacm
Mark Guzdial considers the enormous opportunity costs of computer science teachers, while Bertrand Meyer ponders the pleasures of arguing with graduate students.
Translingualism as Dialogism in Romanian-American Poetry
Authors: Popescu-Sandu Oana 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
This essay examines how translingual poetry by immigrant Romanian writers who live in or travel to the United States requires a transnational community framing rather than a national one and raises new questions about cultural and linguistic identity formation that reflect on both national and world literature issues. This analysis of the Romanian-American contemporary poets Mihaela Moscaliuc, Andrei Guruianu, Claudia Serea, and Aura Maru uses literary and rhetorical translingual theory to show that the “national literature” framing is no longer sufficient to address works created between two languages in a globalized world—Romanian and English, in this case. Born between two cultures and languages, their poetry does not belong entirely to either. In its turn, the national framing—both the Romanian and the American one—can become more porous and inclusive if read through a sociolinguistic “regime of mobility” (Blommaert) lens that gives a more powerful voice to migrant writers.
Blue Jeans, Red Country
Authors: Răduță Magda 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
From their very debut, the writers of the Romanian so-called “’80s Generation” dropped altogether the Thaw literary1 formula, which was based on half-truths. Instead, they developed a programmatic discourse that showed a great self-awareness of “the real reality.” Their need to reconquer the real was radically different from propagandist make-believe, and from the ideological verbiage that constituted the official discourse. This essay looks into the specific configuration of a new poetic paradigm by examining critically the challenges of its relation with the material, that is to say everyday reality (with a special focus on the Romanian youth culture in the ’80s) as one of the defining elements of the young generation’s poetry.
Comparison of Linear Predictability of Surface Wind Components from Observations with Simulations from RCMs and Reanalysis
Authors: Mao Yiwen , Monahan Adam 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis study compares the predictability of surface wind components by linear statistical downscaling using data from both observations and comprehensive models [regional climate models (RCM) and NCEP-2 reanalysis] in three domains: North America (NAM), Europe–Mediterranean Basin (EMB), and East Asia (EAS). A particular emphasis is placed on predictive anisotropy, a phenomenon referring to unequal predictability of surface wind components in different directions. Simulated predictability by comprehensive models is generally close to that found in observations in flat regions of NAM and EMB, but it is overestimated relative to observations in mountainous terrain. Simulated predictability in EAS shows different structures. In particular, there are regions in EAS where predictability simulated by RCMs is lower than that in observations. Overestimation of predictability by comprehensive models tends to occur in regions of low predictability in observations and can be attributed to small-scale physical processes not resolved by comprehensive models. An idealized mathematical model is used to characterize the predictability of wind components. It is found that the signal strength along the direction of minimum predictability is the dominant control on the strength of predictive anisotropy. The biases in the model representation of the statistical relationship between free-tropospheric circulation and surface winds are interpreted in terms of inadequate simulation of small-scale processes in regional and global models, and the primary cause of predictive anisotropy is attributed to such small-scale processes.
The Diurnal Variability of Precipitating Cloud Populations during DYNAMO
Authors: Sakaeda Naoko , Powell Scott W. , Dias Juliana , Kiladis George N. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
This study uses high-resolution rainfall estimates from the S-Polka radar during the DYNAMO field campaign to examine variability of the diurnal cycle of rainfall associated with MJO convection over the Indian Ocean. Two types of diurnal rainfall peaks were found: 1) a late afternoon rainfall peak associated with the diurnal peak in sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and surface fluxes and 2) an early to late morning rainfall peak associated with increased low-tropospheric moisture. Both peaks appear during the MJO suppressed phase, which tends to have stronger SST warming in the afternoon, while the morning peak is dominant during the MJO enhanced phase. The morning peak occurs on average at 0000–0300 LST during the MJO suppressed phase, while it is delayed until 0400–0800 LST during the MJO enhanced phase. This delay partly results from an increased upscale growth of deep convection to broader stratiform rain regions during the MJO enhanced phase. During the MJO suppressed phase, rainfall is dominated by deep and isolated convective cells that are short-lived and peak in association with either the afternoon SST warming or nocturnal moisture increase. This study demonstrates that knowledge of the evolution of cloud and rain types is critical to explaining the diurnal cycle of rainfall and its variability. Some insights into the role of the complex interactions between radiation, moisture, and clouds in driving the diurnal cycle of rainfall are also discussed.
Somatic IL4R mutations in primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma lead to constitutive JAK-STAT signaling activation
Authors: Viganò Elena , Gunawardana Jay , Mottok Anja , Van Tol Tessa , Mak Katina , Chan Fong Chun , Chong Lauren , Chavez Elizabeth , Woolcock Bruce , Takata Katsuyoshi , Twa David , Shulha Hennady P. , Telenius Adèle , Kutovaya Olga , Hung Stacy S. , Healy Shannon , Ben-Neriah Susana , Leroy Karen , Gaulard Philippe , Diepstra Arjan , Kridel Robert , Savage Kerry J. , Rimsza Lisa , Gascoyne Randy , Steidl Christian 
Published: February 2018

Key Points
Somatic IL4R mutations were identified in 24% of primary PMBCL cases (n = 62) and in 100% of PMBCL-derived cell lines. IL4R mutations lead to hyperphosphorylation of STAT proteins activating downstream immunoregulatory genes (CD23, CCL17).
Correlation analysis of monocyte subsets and insulin resistance considering fetuin‐A involvement in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Maruo Saori , Mori Katsuhito , Motoyama Koka , Nakamura Miyuki , Kawarabayashi Reina , Kakutani Yoshinori , Yamazaki Yuko , Morioka Tomoaki , Shoji Tetsuo , Inaba Masaaki , Emoto Masanori 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundFetuin‐A is a multifunctional circulating glycoprotein that can induce insulin resistance. Lately, adipose tissue has gained prominence as an effector site of fetuin‐A. Although fetuin‐A—induced proinflammatory polarization and migration of macrophages plays a crucial role, it remains obscure whether monocyte subsets in circulation could simulate characteristics of macrophages in adipose tissues. This study aims to investigate the correlation between monocyte subsets with fetuin‐A and its relevant insulin resistance.ResultsWe evaluated serum fetuin‐A levels in 107 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Using flow cytometry, we classified monocyte subsets into three subtypes: (a) classical, CD14++CD16−; (b) intermediate, CD14++CD16+, the most proinflammatory one; (c) and nonclassical, CD14+CD16++. We assessed the insulin resistance by the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) in 68 patients without insulin injections. We observed no correlation between fetuin‐A levels and classical (ρ = − 0.005; P = 0.959), intermediate (ρ = 0.022; P = 0.826), and nonclassical monocyte counts (ρ = 0.063; P = 0.516), respectively. In addition, no significant correlation was found between log (HOMA‐IR) and classical (ρ = 0.052; P = 0.688), intermediate (ρ = 0.054; P = 0.676), and nonclassical monocyte counts (ρ = 0.012; P = 0.353), respectively. However, serum fetuin‐A levels showed positive correlation with log (HOMA‐IR) (ρ = 0.340; P = 0.007). Multiple regression analyses revealed a significant relationship between fetuin‐A and log (HOMA‐IR) (β = 0.313; P = 0.016), but not with monocyte subsets.ConclusionsMonocyte subsets in circulation, including proinflammatory intermediate monocytes, were not associated with fetuin‐A and insulin resistance.
Characterization of a novel RP2–OSTF1 interaction and its implication for actin remodelling
Authors: Lyraki Rodanthi , Lokaj Mandy , Soares Dinesh C. , Little Abigail , Vermeren Matthieu , Marsh Joseph A. , Wittinghofer Alfred , Hurd Toby 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT
Retinitis pigmentosa 2 (RP2) is the causative gene for a form of X-linked retinal degeneration. RP2 was previously shown to have GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity towards the small GTPase ARL3 via its N-terminus, but the function of the C-terminus remains elusive. Here, we report a novel interaction between RP2 and osteoclast-stimulating factor 1 (OSTF1), an intracellular protein that indirectly enhances osteoclast formation and activity and is a negative regulator of cell motility. Moreover, this interaction is abolished by a human pathogenic mutation in RP2. We utilized a structure-based approach to pinpoint the binding interface to a strictly conserved cluster of residues on the surface of RP2 that spans both the C- and N-terminal domains of the protein, and which is structurally distinct from the ARL3-binding site. In addition, we show that RP2 is a positive regulator of cell motility in vitro, recruiting OSTF1 to the cell membrane and preventing its interaction with the migration regulator Myo1E.
Proton Relaxation Time in Water-soluble Metal Complex Nanoparticles
Authors: Tsukiashi Asami , Min Kil Sik , Terasawa Hiroaki , Yoshinaga Sosuke , Takeda Mitsuhiro , Ohtani Ryo , Nakamura Masaaki , Lindoy Leonard F , Hayami Shinya 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Water dispersible metal complex nanoparticles were synthesized using the polyethylene glycol (PEG) coating method. The χmT values at room temperature for the NPs 1–3 were calculated using the Evans method, and the proton relaxation times, T1 and T2, were measured employing MRI. Both relaxation times were observed to decrease with increasing χmT value.
Blueprint for change in AF: the Scottish national inquiry
Authors: Neubeck Lis , Barclay Kylie , Dunn Morven , Oliver Colin , Armitage Wendy , Hodson Paul , Bruce James , Grubb Neil , Quinn Terence J. 
Published: February 2018

Background: Understanding atrial fibrillation (AF) management in Scotland was identified as a key priority at the Cross Party Group (CPG) for Heart Disease and Stroke, which meets regularly at the Scottish Parliament. Therefore, a national inquiry was launched to provide clear recommendations to government to improve health for people living with AF. Methods: An advisory panel was convened comprising major third-sector representatives, academics, clinicians, Members of Scottish Parliament (MSPs), and people living with AF. Two questionnaires—one for clinicians, one for people living with AF—were circulated through multiple channels and four roundtable events were held. Results: In total, there were 262 responses to the questionnaires (n=203 clinician; n=59 people living with AF); and roundtables were attended by 35 people, including members of the advisory panel, MSPs, clinicians, academics and people living with AF. Ten key recommendations emerged relating to the detection and diagnosis of AF; initial treatment and subsequent management of AF; use of data to improve detection, diagnosis and treatment of AF in Scotland; and patient information and public awareness. Conclusions: It is hoped that the results of the inquiry discussed in the current article will provide the blueprint for change that will improve AF management across Scotland.
HAEMATOGENOUS OSTEITIS IN CHILDREN
Authors: Dennison Wallace M. 
Published: February 2018

1. Acute osteitis as seen in a large children's hospital is described briefly. 2. Treatment of a series of cases of acute osteitis with penicillin is discussed under the headings of investigation, penicillin administration, surgical procedure, radiographic appearance and results. The findings are tabulated. 3. Recent investigations suggest that no time limit can be set to the duration of penicillin administration. At present, routine marrow puncture appears to be the only certain method of control. We see no reason to alter the dosage set out in Table III. Administration should be continued until the marrow culture is sterile. 4. The methods adopted in subacute and chronic pyogenic bone infections are described separately.