bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on the reliability of new kind of ±1 100 Kv DC voltage divider under the action of impulse voltage
Authors: Shipu Wu , Wenlong Pang , Zhining Yang , Kejie Zhang , Xixiu Wu 
Published: January 2019

To meet the special insulation demand of the DC transmission system with the highest voltage in the world, a new kind of ±1 100 kV DC voltage divider is designed. The reliability of the new structure voltage divider under the action of lightning impulse is studied. To achieve the voltage and electric field strength distribution of the voltage divider, a 3D transient electric field calculation model is established and a lightning impulse test for the prototype is carried out. The results reveal that (1)The voltage and electric field strength distributing on the voltage divider changing with time show a cumulative effect. (2)The maximum electric field strength occurs at the junction where the first grading ring connecting to the internal bushing. (3)The maximum current of resistance occurs at the peak voltage of lightning impulse with the corresponding time is 1.2 µs. (4)The voltage distributing on the capacitance imply that the capacitance really does play the role of equalisation voltage when the voltage divider suffering lightning impulse. (5)The prototype of HVDC voltage divider passing through the lightning impulse test successfully strongly demonstrates the correctness and reliability of the new structure ±1 100 kV voltage divider voltage.
Detection and Doppler monitoring of K2-285 (EPIC 246471491), a system of four transiting planets smaller than Neptune
Authors: Palle E. , Nowak G. , Luque R. , Hidalgo D. , Barragán O. , Prieto-Arranz J. , Hirano T. , Fridlund M. , Gandolfi D. , Livingston J. , Dai F. , Morales J. C. , Lafarga M. , Albrecht S. , Alonso R. , Amado P. J. , Caballero J. A. , Cabrera J. , Cochran W. D. , Csizmadia Sz. , Deeg H. , Eigmüller Ph. , Endl M. , Erikson A. , Fukui A. , Guenther E. W. , Grziwa S. , Hatzes A. P. , Korth J. , Kürster M. , Kuzuhara M. , Rodríguez P. Montañes , Murgas F. , Narita N. , Nespral D. , Pätzold M. , Persson C. M. , Quirrenbach A. , Rauer H. , Redfield S. , Reiners A. , Ribas I. , Smith A. M. S. , Van Eylen V. , Winn J. N. , Zechmeister M. 
Published: January 2019

Context. The Kepler extended mission, also known as K2, has provided the community with a wealth of planetary candidates that orbit stars typically much brighter than the targets of the original mission. These planet candidates are suitable for further spectroscopic follow-up and precise mass determinations, leading ultimately to the construction of empirical mass-radius diagrams. Particularly interesting is to constrain the properties of planets that are between Earth and Neptune in size, the most abundant type of planet orbiting Sun-like stars with periods of less than a few years.
Aims. Among many other K2 candidates, we discovered a multi-planetary system around EPIC 246471491, referred to henceforth as K2-285, which contains four planets, ranging in size from twice the size of Earth to nearly the size of Neptune. We aim here at confirming their planetary nature and characterizing the properties of this system.
Methods. We measure the mass of the planets of the K2-285 system by means of precise radial-velocity measurements using the CARMENES spectrograph and the HARPS-N spectrograph.
Results. With our data we are able to determine the mass of the two inner planets of the system with a precision better than 15%, and place upper limits on the masses of the two outer planets.
Conclusions. We find that K2-285b has a mass of Mb = 9.68−1.37+1.21 M⊕ and a radius of Rb = 2.59−0.06+0.06 R⊕, yielding a mean density of ρb = 3.07−0.45+0.45 g cm−3, while K2-285c has a mass of Mc = 15.68−2.13+2.28 M⊕, radius of Rc = 3.53−0.08+0.08 R⊕, and a mean density of ρc = 1.95−0.28+0.32 g cm−3. For K2-285d (Rd = 2.48−0.06+0.06 R⊕) and K2-285e (Re = 1.95−0.05+0.05 R⊕), the upper limits for the masses are 6.5 M⊕ and 10.7 M⊕, respectively. The system is thus composed of an (almost) Neptune-twin planet (in mass and radius), two sub-Neptunes with very different densities and presumably bulk composition, and a fourth planet in the outermost orbit that resides right in the middle of the super-Earth/sub-Neptune radius gap. Future comparative planetology studies of this system would provide useful insights into planetary formation, and also a good test of atmospheric escape and evolution theories.
Upper limits on CH3OH in the HD 163296 protoplanetary disk
Authors: Carney M. T. , Hogerheijde M. R. , Guzmán V. V. , Walsh C. , Öberg K. I. , Fayolle E. C. , Cleeves L. I. , Carpenter J. M. , Qi C. 
Published: January 2019

Context. Methanol (CH3OH) is at the root of organic ice chemistry in protoplanetary disks. Its connection to prebiotic chemistry and its role in the chemical environment of the disk midplane make it an important target for disk chemistry studies. However, its weak emission has made detections difficult. To date, gas-phase CH3OH is detected in only one Class II disk, TW Hya.
Aims. We aim to constrain the methanol content of the HD 163296 protoplanetary disk.
Methods. We used the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) to search for a total of four CH3OH emission lines in bands six and seven toward the disk around the young Herbig Ae star HD 163296. The disk-averaged column density of methanol and its related species formaldehyde (H2CO) were estimated assuming optically thin emission in local thermodynamic equilibrium. We compared these results to the gas-phase column densities of the TW Hya disk.
Results. No targeted methanol lines were detected with Keplerian masking in the image plane nor with matched filter analysis in the uv plane individually nor after line stacking. The 3σ disk-integrated intensity upper limits are <51 mJy km s−1 for the band six lines and <26 mJy km s−1 for the band seven lines. The band seven lines provide the strictest 3σ upper limit on disk-averaged column density with Navg < 5.0 × 1011 cm−2. The methanol-to-formaldehyde ratio is CH3OH∕H2CO<0.24 in the HD 163296 disk compared to a ratio of 1.27 in the TW Hya disk.
Conclusions. The HD 163296 protoplanetary disk is less abundant in methanol with respect to formaldehyde compared to the disk around TW Hya. Differences in the stellar irradiation in this Herbig Ae disk as compared to that of a disk around a T Tauri star likely influence the gaseous methanol and formaldehyde content. Possible reasons for the lower HD 163296 methanol-to-formaldehyde ratio include: a higher than expected gas-phase formation of H2CO in the HD 163296 disk, uncertainties in the grain surface formation efficiency of CH3OH and H2CO, and differences in the disk structure and/or CH3OH and H2CO desorption processes that drive the release of the molecules from ice mantles back into the gas phase. These results provide observational evidence that the gas-phase chemical complexity found in disks may be strongly influenced by the spectral type of the host star.
Extinction learning with social support depends on protein synthesis in prefrontal cortex but not hippocampus
Authors: Penha Farias Clarissa , Guerino Furini Cristiane Regina , Godfried Nachtigall Eduarda , Kielbovicz Behling Jonny Anderson , Silva de Assis Brasil Eduardo , Bühler Letícia , Izquierdo Ivan , de Carvalho Myskiw Jociane 
Published: January 2019

Significance
The presence of a familiar nonfearful conspecific during the extinction training session inhibits the retrieval but not the consolidation of the extinction of contextual fear conditioning. This effect relies on ventromedial prefrontal cortex rather than hippocampal gene expression and on ribosomal- and mTOR-dependent protein synthesis. These results provide knowledge about the cellular mechanisms and brain structures involved on the effect of social support in changing behavior and fear extinction memory.
Comparison of thresholds estimation in adults with conductive hearing loss and normal hearing adults using auditory steady state response evoked by narrow band CE-chirps
Authors: Dabbous Abeir Osman , Koura Rabab Ahmed , Hamdy Mona Mohamed 
Published: January 2019

Background:
Narrowband CE Chirps (NB CE-chirps) were used to provide the characteristics of compensation for the cochlear traveling wave delay and frequency specificity.

Aim:
The aim was to compare the objective frequency-specific hearing thresholds estimation by the use of NB CE-chirps ASSR and behavioural thresholds in normal hearing subjects and patients with the conductive hearing loss.

Subjects and methods:
The cases group comprised 35 ears of 25 patients with the conductive hearing loss with varying degree from mild to severe in severity and their age ranging from 15 to 60 years. They were compared with 20 ears of 10 adult control subjects with normal hearing thresholds, whose age ranged from 19 to 42 years. All cases and controls were subjected to pure-tone audiometry (PTA), tympanometry and auditory steady-state response (ASSR), using 4 NB CE-chirp for air conduction (AC) and bone conduction (BC) threshold estimation.

Results:
AC-ASSR estimated thresholds were statistically significantly higher than AC PTA thresholds at 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 Hz in both the cases and the control groups. BC ASSR estimated thresholds were statistically significantly lower than BC PTA thresholds only at 500 Hz in the cases and statistically significantly higher than BC PTA thresholds only at 2000 Hz in the controls. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between AC-ASSR and AC PTA, and between ABG-ASSR and ABG PTA in the cases group.

Conclusions:
Auditory steady-state responses with NB CE-chirps is suitable tool for objective frequency-specific hearing threshold detection, that can be used for estimation of behavioural bone conduction thresholds in adults with conductive hearing loss, with more accuracy in the mid frequencies, and can estimate behavioural air conduction thresholds and air-bone gap more accurately in the higher frequencies 2000, 4000 Hz more than at 500 and 1000 Hz.
The Association of Maternal Perceived Stress With Changes in Their Children’s Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2010) Scores Over Time
Authors: O’Connor Sydney G , Huh Jimi , Schembre Susan M , Lopez Nanette V , Dunton Genevieve F 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundFew studies have examined the role of maternal stress in relation to their children’s dietary quality and its trajectory over time.PurposeThe objective of this longitudinal study was to examine the effect of baseline maternal stress on the change in their 8- to 12-year-old children’s dietary quality over 1 year.MethodsMother–child dyads (N = 189) from the greater Los Angeles area participating in the Mothers’ and their Children’s Health (MATCH) study in 2014–2016 completed assessments at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. At baseline, mothers (mean age = 41.0 years, standard deviation [SD] = 6.1) completed the 10-item Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). At each time point, children (51% female, mean age = 9.6 years, SD = 0.9) completed up to two 24-hr dietary recalls. Dietary data were used to calculate each child’s Healthy Eating Index 2010 (HEI-2010) score at each time point. Multilevel models examined the effect of time on the patterns of change in children’s HEI-2010 scores over 1 year and the cross-level interaction between baseline maternal PSS score and time on the change in children’s HEI-2010 scores.ResultsOn average, there was no significant linear change in child HEI-2010 across 1 year (b = −0.410, p = .586). Controlling for covariates, the rate of change in HEI-2010 differed depending on mother’s baseline PSS (i.e., significant cross-level interaction effect) (b = −0.235, p = .035).ConclusionsOur results showed that higher-than-average maternal stress at baseline was associated with greater decline in children’s dietary quality over 1 year. Family-based dietary interventions that incorporate maternal stress reduction could have positive effects on children’s dietary quality.
Unifying classification for transdiaphragmatic intercostal hernia and other costal margin injuries
Authors: Gooseman Michael R , Rawashdeh Majd , Mattam Kavitha , Rao Jagan N , Vaughan Paul R , Edwards John G 
Published: January 2019

AbstractOBJECTIVESTaxonomy of injuries involving the costal margin is poorly described and surgical management varies. These injuries, though commonly caused by trauma, may also occur spontaneously, in association with coughing or sneezing, and can be severe. Our goal was to describe our experience using sequential segmental analysis of computed tomographic (CT) scans to perform accurate assessment of injuries around the costal margin. We propose a unifying classification for transdiaphragmatic intercostal hernia and other injuries involving the costal margin. We identify the essential components and favoured techniques of surgical repair.METHODSPatients presenting with injuries to the diaphragm or to the costal margin or with chest wall herniation were included in the study. We performed sequential segmental analysis of CT scans, assessing individual injury patterns to the costal margin, diaphragm and intercostal muscles, to create 7 distinct logical categories of injuries. Management was tailored to each category, adapted to the individual case when required. Patients with simple traumatic diaphragmatic rupture were considered separately, to allow an estimation of the relative incidence of injuries to the costal margin compared to those of the diaphragm alone.RESULTSWe identified 38 patients. Of these, 19 had injuries involving the costal margin and/or intercostal muscles (group 1). Sixteen patients in group 1 underwent surgery, 2 of whom had undergone prior surgery, with 4 requiring a novel double-layer mesh technique. Nineteen patients (group 2) with diaphragmatic rupture alone had a standard repair.CONCLUSIONSSequential analysis of CT scans of the costal margin, diaphragm and intercostal muscles defines accurately the categories of injury. We propose a ‘Sheffield classification’ in order to guide the clinical team to the most appropriate surgical repair. A variety of surgical techniques may be required, including a single- or double-layer mesh reinforcement and plate and screw fixation.
The Lost World of the British Leisure Centre
Authors: Saumarez Smith Otto 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This article presents the first historical account of the spectacular growth of British leisure centres throughout the 1970s. The first section explains why the concept of leisure became so prominent, and emphasizes the extent of the boom in construction of centres. The second section offers a tour of a pioneering leisure centre in Bletchley, Buckinghamshire. The third provides a history of a firm of architects, Gillinson, Barnett and Partners, who were particularly active in producing leisure centres. The article argues that leisure centres help us to revise a view of municipal government in this period as being sclerotic and moribund; instead the social democratic state is seen as expanding its purview and adapting in response to a range of issues.
Genetic analysis reveals historical and contemporary population dynamics in the longfin squid Doryteuthis gahi: implications for cephalopod management and conservation
Authors: McKeown Niall J , Arkhipkin Alexander I , Shaw Paul W 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPopulation genetic structure of the Patagonian longfin squid Doryteuthis gahi was assessed across the Falkland Islands, central-southern Chile, and Peru. Microsatellite and mtDNA data partitioned samples into two groups: one consisting of the Peruvian samples, the other comprised the Chilean and Falklands samples, with no sub-structuring within either group. Recurrent demographic independence between groups can be linked to abrupt changes in continental shelf features between the Peruvian and central Chilean sites restricting adult dispersal. Phylogeographic analyses indicate a prolonged period of isolation between the Peruvian and Chilean–Falkland groups which may include divergence in allopatric glacial refugia. Both groups have experienced dissimilar historical population size dynamics with the Peruvian population exhibiting signals of size fluctuations, similar to other species in the area, that align with postglacial changes in the productivity of the Humboldt Current system. Genetic cohesion among central-southern Chilean and Falklands samples supports connectivity across current management boundaries and indicates that phenotypic differences between D. gahi from these areas reflect plastic responses to environmental heterogeneity. The study adds to evidence that loliginid squids typically display connected populations over large geographical areas unless specific oceanographic features restrict gene flow. Recognition of the Peruvian and Chilean–Falklands groups as distinct evolutionary significant units is recommended.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Endocrine Disruption: Role of Testicular Gap Junctional Intercellular Communication and Connexins
Authors: Kubincová Petra , Sychrová Eliška , Raška Jan , Basu Amrita , Yawer Affiefa , Dydowiczová Aneta , Babica Pavel , Sovadinová Iva 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAmbient air pollution and smoking are well-documented risk factors for male infertility. Prevalent air pollutants and cigarette smoke components, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), are environmental and occupational toxicants that act as chemicals disrupting endocrine regulation and reproductive potential in males. Testicular gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) is critical for normal development and function of testicular tissue, thus we assessed GJIC as a process potentially targeted by PAHs in testes. Lower MW PAHs with a bay or bay-like region rapidly dysregulated GJIC in Leydig TM3 cells by relocalization of major testicular gap junctional protein connexin 43 (Cx43) from plasma membrane to cytoplasm. This was associated with colocalization between Cx43 and ubiquitin in intracellular compartments, but without any effect on Cx43 degradation rate or steady-state Cx43 mRNA levels. A longer exposure to active PAHs decreased steady-state levels of full-length Cx43 protein and its 2 N-truncated isoforms. Inhibition of GJIC by PAHs, similarly to a prototypic GJIC-inhibitor TPA, was mediated via the MAP kinase-Erk1/2 and PKC pathways. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-induced GJIC dysregulation in testes was cell-type-specific because neither PAH dysregulated GJIC in Sertoli TM4 cells, despite PAHs were rapidly taken up by both Leydig TM3 as well as Sertoli TM4 cells. Because TPA effectively dysregulated GJIC in both testicular cell types, a unique regulator of GJIC targeted by PAHs might exist in Leydig TM3 cells. Our results indicate that PAHs could be a potential etiological agent contributing to reproductive dysfunctions in males through an impairment of testicular GJIC and junctional and/or nonjunctional functions of Cx43.
The visual social environment affects non-additively neighbor spacing and interaction time in zebrafish
Authors: Pita Diana , Fernández-Juricic Esteban 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMany fish form schools and visually track the position of their neighbors in a 3D environment. In this study, we assessed whether zebrafish modified their spacing behavior and interaction time in an additive or multiplicative way relative to multiple sources of visual social information using video playbacks. We simultaneously manipulated: (a) the magnitude of the social cues (by varying the size of the virtual fish), (b) the level of social risk (low, high based on the position of the virtual fish in the water column), and (c) the perceived depth of the social cues (visual horizon absent or present). Each of these factors independently affected spacing behavior (zebrafish increased the separation distance with larger virtual fish, under lower visual social risk, and when depth perception was enhanced), but they did not affect interaction time. However, some of these factors interacted significantly, such that their effects on social behavior depended on each other. For instance, zebrafish decreased their separation distance under high vs. low risk conditions when the virtual fish was the same or smaller size, but this risk effect disappeared with larger virtual fish likely to avoid aggression. Also, zebrafish increased their separation distance when perceived depth was enhanced under low risk, but the perceived depth effect became less pronounced under high risk probably due to dilution effects. Overall, the effects of certain visual social parameters depend on the intensity of other visual social parameters, ultimately tuning up or down different social behavioral responses. We discuss the implications for the spatial organization of fish schools.Significance StatementMany fish form schools and visually track the position of their neighbors in a 3D environment. We found that zebrafish consider multiple visual social sources of information simultaneously to modify their neighbor distance. Thus, their spacing behavior appears to follow multiplicative rules, whereby the spacing response to a visual social parameter depend on the intensity of a different visual social parameter.
Genetic association analyses highlight IL6, ALPL, and NAV1 as three new susceptibility genes underlying calcific aortic valve stenosis
Authors: Thériault Sébastien , Dina Christian , Messika-Zeitoun David , Scouarnec Solena Le , Capoulade Romain , Gaudreault Nathalie , Rigade Sidwell , Li Zhonglin , Simonet Floriane , Lamontagne Maxime , Clavel Marie-Annick , Arsenault Benoit J. , Boureau Anne-Sophie , Lecointe Simon , Baron Estelle , Bonnaud Stéphanie , Karakachoff Matilde , Charpentier Eric , Fellah Imen , Roussel Jean-Christian , Verhoye Jean Philippe , Baufreton Christophe , Probst Vincent , Roussel Ronan ,   the D.E.S.I.R. Study Group, Redon Richard , Dagenais François , Pibarot Philippe , Mathieu Patrick , Tourneau Thierry Le , Bossé Yohan , Schott Jean-Jacques 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTo date, only two replicated loci, LPA and PALMD, have been identified as causal genes for calcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVS) using genome-wide and transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS). To identify additional susceptibility genes for CAVS, we performed a GWAS meta-analysis totaling 5,115 cases and 354,072 controls of European descent. Four loci achieved genome-wide significance, including two new loci: IL6 (interleukin 6) on 7p15.3 and ALPL (alkaline phosphatase) on 1p36.12. A TWAS integrating an eQTL study of 233 human aortic valves identified NAV1 (neuron navigator 1) on 1q32.1 as a new candidate causal gene. The CAVS risk alleles were associated with higher mRNA expression of NAV1 in valve tissues. Association results at the genome-wide scale showed genetic correlation with coronary artery disease and cardiovascular risk factors. Our study highlights three new loci implicating inflammation, mineralization and blood vessel integrity in CAVS pathogenesis and supports shared genetic etiology with cardiovascular traits.