bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Visual Assessment and Digital Image Analysis for Canopy Cover Estimation
Authors: Büchi Lucie , Wendling Marina , Mouly Pauline , Charles Raphaël 
Published: May 2018

Core Ideas
Cover crops provide ecosystem services linked to canopy cover development.
Visual assessment of canopy cover is compared with two digital image analysis methods.
Visual estimation is well correlated with image estimation but showed lower values.
The choice of the canopy cover estimation method depends on the objective.
Currently, in the context of agriculture, cover crops are crops cultivated with the sole aim of providing important ecosystem services such as erosion prevention. Many services offered by these crops are directly linked to the development of their vegetation, and especially of canopy cover. A proper estimation of this cover is thus necessary to evaluate cover crop performance. Many methods to estimate canopy cover exist, but differ in terms of effort and time needed to implement them. In this study, we compared visual assessment of canopy cover in the field with two methods of digital image analysis (Assess and Canopeo), for different cover crop species and vegetation types. Visual estimation was positively correlated with both type of image analysis estimations. However, it showed systematically lower values of canopy cover, especially at intermediate canopy cover values. The type of vegetation influenced the visual and digital image estimations, narrow leaf species being the most difficult to evaluate visually. This study showed that depending on its utilization, visual canopy cover assessment could be useful, especially when only relative estimation of canopy cover is needed. When absolute canopy cover estimation is needed, the use of digital image analysis should be preferred.
Soil‐Test Biological Activity with the Flush of CO2: I. C and N Characteristics of Soils in Corn Production
Authors: Franzluebbers Alan J. , Pershing Mary R. , Crozier Carl , Osmond Deanna , Schroeder-Moreno Michelle 
Published: May 2018

Core Ideas
Soil nitrogen mineralization can be predicted with the flush of CO2.
Soil texture does not alter the relationship between the flush of CO2 and N mineralization.
Large quantity of mineralizable N in surface soils is possible with conservation management.
The flush of CO2 is an appropriate indicator for soil‐test biological activity.
The flush of CO2 is a rapid and reliable indicator of soil N availability.
Nitrogen limits crop production when insufficient and harms the environment when excessive. Tailoring N inputs to cropping systems remains a high priority to achieve production and environmental goals. We collected soils from 47 corn (Zea mays L.) production fields in North Carolina and Virginia at depths of 0 to 10, 10 to 20, and 20 to 30 cm and evaluated soil C and N characteristics in association with soil N mineralization. Soil organic C at a depth of 0 to 10 cm varied among sites from ∼10 to 80 g kg–1, and generally declined with depth because of many sites with no‐tillage management. Net N mineralization during 24 d of aerobic incubation (25°C, 50% water‐filled pore space) was 54 to 114 mg N kg–1 (24 d)–1 at 0 to 10 cm, 22 to 41 mg N kg–1 (24 d)–1 at 10 to 20 cm, and 12 to 22 mg N kg–1 (24 d)–1 at 20 to 30 cm (middle 50% of observations at each depth). Total soil N was positively associated with net N mineralization (r2 = 0.58), but the flush of CO2 during 3 d was even more closely associated with net N mineralization (r2 = 0.77). Association between the flush of CO2 and net N mineralization did not change significantly when data were sorted by different regions or soil textural classes. The flush of CO2 is a rapid, reliable, and robust indicator of soil‐test biological activity. The strong association of the flush of CO2 with net N mineralization also corroborated use of the flush of CO2 as a rapid and reliable indicator of soil N availability.
A filtering algorithm for high-resolution flow traces to improve water end-use analysis
Authors: Pastor-Jabaloyes L. , Arregui F. J. , Cobacho R. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
One of the main difficulties encountered when designing automatic tools for water end-use identification is the inherent noise present in recorded flow traces. Noise is mainly caused by the inability of the monitoring equipment to accurately register water consumption and data-loggers to register, without distortion, the signal received from the water meter. A universal filtering algorithm has been developed to remove noise and simplify water consumption flow traces with the aim of improving future automatic end-use identification algorithms. The performance of the proposed filtering methodology is assessed through the analysis of 21,647 events. Water consumption data were sourced from two different water end-use studies, having consumers and monitoring equipment with dissimilar characteristics. The results obtained show that the algorithm is capable of removing an average of 70% of the data points that constitute the flow traces of the complex events examined. The simplified flow traces allow for faster and more accurate disaggregation and classification algorithms, without losing significant information or distorting the original signal. The ability of the proposed filtering algorithm to fit the original flow traces was benchmarked using the Kling–Gupta efficiency coefficient, obtaining an average value above 0.79.
Employing full factorial design and response surface methodology for optimizing direct contact membrane distillation operational conditions in desalinating the rejected stream of a reverse osmosis unit at Esfahan refinery–Iran
Authors: Ebadi M. , Mozdianfard M. R. , Aliabadi M. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Optimized condition for desalination of the reverse osmosis (RO) rejected stream from Esfahan Oil Refining Company (EORC) using direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane was investigated here, having designed a set of 34 experiments using response surface methodology (RSM) and full factorial design (FFD) modelling, carried out in a laboratory scale set-up built for this purpose. Statistical criteria for validation, significance, accuracy and adequacy confirmed the suitability of the quadratic polynomial model employed. Response plots and regression equations suggested that the permeate flux response improved with increased feed temperature, reduced permeate temperature and enhanced feed flow rate. Optimizing DCMD process showed that maximum permeate flux of 60.76 L/m2·h could be achieved at the following optimum operational conditions: feed temperature and flow rate of 70 °C and 2 L/min, respectively, as well as the permeate temperature of 15 °C. At this point, the mean annual energy required for 90% water recovery (36 m3/h off the RO brackish rejected stream) at EORC refinery was found to be 96 GJ, which could be supplied using solar or conventional energy systems at Isfahan, facing a very critical water shortage at present.
Cyanide degradation kinetics during anaerobic co-digestion of cassava pulp with pig manure
Authors: Glanpracha Naraporn , Basnayake B. M. N. , Rene Eldon R. , Lens Piet N. L. , Annachhatre Ajit P. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAnaerobic co-digestion of cassava pulp (CP) and pig manure (PM) under cyanide inhibition conditions was investigated and modeled. Batch experiments were performed with initial cyanide concentrations ranging from 1.5 to 10 mg/L. Cyanide acclimatized sludge from an anaerobic co-digester treating cyanide-containing CP and PM was used as the seed sludge (inoculum). Cyanide degradation during anaerobic digestion consisted of an initial lag phase, followed by a cyanide degradation phase. After a short sludge acclimatization period of less than 3 days, the anaerobic sludge was able to degrade cyanide, indicating that the sludge inhibition due to cyanide was reversible. Cyanide degradation during anaerobic co-digestion of CP and PM followed the first-order kinetics with a rate constant of 0.094 d−1. Gas evolution during batch anaerobic degradation was modeled using the modified Monod-type kinetics to incorporate cyanide inhibition. The model predicted results yielded a satisfactory fit with the experimental data.
Honey: An Effective Regenerative Medicine Product in Wound Management
Authors: Martinotti Simona , Bucekova Marcela , Majtan Juraj , Ranzato Elia 
Published: May 2018

:Honey has successfully been used in the treatment of a broad spectrum of injuries including burns and non-healing wounds. It acts as an antibacterial and anti-biofilm agent with anti/pro-inflammatory properties. However, besides these traditional properties, recent evidence suggests that honey is also an immunomodulator in wound healing and contains several bee and plant-derived components that may speed up wound healing and tissue regeneration process. Identifying their exact mechanism of action allows better understanding of honey healing properties and promotes its wider translation into clinical practice.:This review will discuss the physiological basis for the use of honey in wound management, its current clinical uses, as well as the potential role of honey bioactive compounds in dermal regenerative medicine and tissue re-modeling.
Novel Nicotinonitrile Derivatives Bearing Imino Moieties Enhance Apoptosis and Inhibit Tyrosine Kinase
Authors: El-Hashash Maher A. , El-Bordany Eman A. , Marzouk Magda I. , El-Naggar Abeer M. , Nawar Tarek M.S. , El-Sayed Wael M. 
Published: May 2018

Background:
Fused heterocyclic containing pyrazolopyridine systems have several medicinal activities
including cytotoxic and carcinostatic activities.

Objective:
To investigate the antiproliferative activity and associated mechanism(s) of a novel series of
nicotinonitrile derivatives.

Method:
The series has been synthesized by the reaction of hydrazonoyl chlorides with each of 4-(4-
methoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-6-oxo-6,7-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-carbonitrile and 2-amino-4-(4-
methoxyphenyl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridine-3-carbonitrile in dioxane in basic medium. The assigned
structures for each of the new products were identified via elemental and spectral data. Moreover, the cytotoxic
activity for some selected products was screened.

Results:
Derivatives 5g, 7i, 8 and 9 had their IC50 at ~ 1-3 µM and derivatives 7b, 7d, and 7f were similar to 5-
fluorouracil and had their IC50 at ~ 5 µM against breast (MCF-7) and colon (HCT-116) cell lines. All derivatives
were specific in action and safe to normal fibroblasts (WI38). Only derivative 9 caused some toxicity but at high
concentration of 93 µM. These derivatives exerted strong antiproliferative activity through inducing intrinsic
apoptosis as indicated from the significant induction of caspases 9 and 3 by 3-6 folds in colon cells and/or inhibiting
tyrosine kinase (TK) and hence arresting the cell cycle.

Conclusion:
Compounds 8 and 5g were the most potent anticancer agents inhibiting the TK by 86 and 89% and
their IC50 of the enzyme were 311 and 352 nM, respectively. We believe that these derivatives deserve further
investigation and these chemical moieties could offer promising anticancer drugs.
Indazole Derivatives: Promising Anti-tumor Agents
Authors: Wan Yichao , He Shengzhuo , Li Wei , Tang Zilong 
Published: May 2018

Background:
Currently, cancer continues being a dramatically increasing and serious threat to public
health. Although many anti-tumor agents have been developed in recent years, the survival rate of patients is not
satisfactory. The poor prognosis of cancer patients is closely related to the occurrence of drug resistance. Therefore,
it is urgent to develop new anti-tumor agents to make up for the deficiency. Indazoles is an important class
of heterocyclic compounds possessing a variety of biological activities, such as anti-tumor, anti-bacterial, antiinflammatory,
anti-depressant and anti-hypertensive. This review focuses on the recent research advances of
indazole derivatives in the aspect of anti-tumor.

Methods:
We have searched the recent literatures about indazole derivatives from the online resources and
databases, such as pubmed, scifinder and google scholar.

Results:
In the recent years, many efforts have been taken to develop indazole derivatives as fibroblast growth
factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitors, indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase1 (IDO1) inhibitors, proviral integration site
MuLV (Pim) kinase inhibitors, aurora kinases inhibitors, Bcr-Abl inhibitors, hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1)
inhibitors and carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitors. Most compounds display good anti-tumor activities.

Conclusion:
Developing new anti-cancer agents with new scaffolds and high efficiency is a big challenge for
researchers. Indazole derivatives are a class of important bioactive compounds. Making structural modifications
on active indazole derivatives according to the corresponding structure-activity relationships is of benefit to
obtain more potent anti-cancer leads or clinical drugs. This review will be useful for further development of new
indazole-based derivatives as anti-cancer agents.
UJI EFEK HAMBATAN ATORVASTATIN TERHADAP PEMBENTUKAN SKAR HIPERTROFI PADA KELINCI NEW ZEALAND (Kajian terhadap morfologi klinis ketinggian jaringan skar, Scar Elevation Index, kepadatan kolagen, dan ekspresi VEGF)
Authors: Rosyidah Devi Usdiana , Astuti Indwiani , Widyarini Sitarina 
Published: May 2018

Skar hipertrofi dan keloid bagian dari jaringan parut patologis yang insiden kejadiannya masih tinggi. Keduanya mengganggu secara estetik, fisiologik, psikologik, dan sering tumbuh kembali setelah pengobatan. Belum ada terapi standar baku emas untuk skar hipertrofi dan keloid. Efek pleiotropik statin berpotensi sebagai anti skar baru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek hambatan pembentukan skar hipertrofi dengan pemberian salep atorvastatin pada model luka skar di telinga kelinci New Zealand. Kelinci New Zealand usia 4-6 bulan (n=29) dilakukan randomisasi kedalam lima kelompok. Setelah aklimatisasi 1 minggu, dilakukan pembuatan luka model skar hipertrofi pada kedua telinga kelinci dengan punch biopsy (d=8 mm). Jumlah luka 2 buah di masing- masing telinga kanan dan kiri. Pada hari ke-7 setelah punch biopsy, kelompok I, II, III dioles salep atorvastatin dengan konsentrasi masing-masing 5%, 10%, dan 20%. Kelompok IV dioles salep clobetasol propionate 0,05% sebagai kontrol positif, dan kelompok V dioles dengan basis salep (lanolin vaselin 1:1) sebagai kontrol negatif. Frekuensi pengolesan salep pada luka ditelinga kelinci tersebut 1 kali/hari, dengan lama pengolesan selama 50 hari kedepan. Setiap hari dilakukan pengukuran morfologi klinis ketinggian skar. Pada hari ke 56 setelah punch biopsy, dilakukan penilaian akhir morfologi klinis jaringan skar hipertrofi, kemudian kelinci didekapitasi, diambil jaringan skar hipertrofi kemudian dibuat preparat histologis (HE, Von Gieson) dan imunohistokimia (VEGF). Salep atorvastatin 5% mampu menghambat pembentukan skar hipertrofi pada telinga kelinci New Zealand dengan nilai median skoring ketinggian jaringan skar sebesar 1(1-3), nilai SEI rata-rata sebesar 1,49±0,37 mm, dan nilai ekspresi VEGF sebesar 12,71±4,27%. Salep atorvastatin 5% mempunyai potensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai obat penghambat pembentukan skar hipertrofi baru dengan mekanisme penghambatan terhadap VEGF. Untuk pengembangan obat ini diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai kapan waktu yang paling tepat mulai dioleskan salep atorvastatin setelah terjadi luka berisiko terbentuknya skar hipertrofi. Kata kunci: Atorvastatin, skar hipertrofi, VEGF, telinga kelinci.
PENGARUH CHLOROQUINE TERHADAP INTERLEUKIN-1β, AKTIVASI CASPASE-1 DAN SURVIVAL RATE PADA TIKUS MODEL SEPSIS
Authors: Suseno Aryo , Sumandjar Tatar , Purwanto HM Bambang 
Published: May 2018

Sepsis masih merupakan salah satu penyebab kematian tertinggi di ruang rawat intensif. Mekanisme sepsis belum diketahui secara penuh. Perlunya metode-metode baru dalam penanganan sepsis. Penelitian-penelitian baru menemukan adanya peran dari Nod-like Receptor dan inflammasome. Chloroquine menunjukkan hasil yang cukup menjanjikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh qloroquin terhadap interleukin-1β, aktivasi caspase-1 dan survival rate pada tikus model sepsis. Penelitian adalah eksperimen hewan coba (Rattus norvegicus) yang disepsiskan dengan Cecal Ligation and Puncture (CLP). Sampel 52 tikus, dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok; Kelompok 1 untuk IL-1β dan kelompok 2 aktivasi Caspase-1. Tiap kelompok dibagi 3 sub kelompok; kontrol tanpa CLP + placebo (NaCl 0.9% 2ml), perlakuan dengan CLP + placebo, dan kelompok terapi dengan CLP +Chloroquine (CHQ) 50mg/Kg BB personde. Terapi dan placebo diberikan 24, 48 dan 72 Jam setelah CLP. Tikus mati dan moribund dicatat sebagai mortalitas. Pada hari ke 6, tikus yang hidup diambil darahnya dan dikorbankan dengan dislokasi servikal. Kadar IL-1β dengan ELISA pada serum, Aktivasi Caspase-1 dengan Flowcytometry dengan pewarnaan FLICA 660 pada Peripheral Blood Mono-Nuclear Cells (PBMC) dan Whole Blood (WB). Analisis dengan SPSS 22. Beda rerata masing-masing subkelompok dianalisa dengan ANOVA bila distribusi normal dan atau uji Kruskal-Wallis dilanjutkan dengan Mann–Whitney.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak adanya perbedaan survival rate yang bermakna antar sub-kelompok dan antar kelompok (mean 52 vs 62, CI: (-37.32) - 27.98, P=0.767). Didapatkan rerata kadar IL-1β yang lebih rendah pada kelompok terapi dibanding kelompok perlakuan (mean 0.08975 vs 0.09680 CI: (-0.024) – 0.0097, P=0,376), namun tidak bermakna secara statistik. Rerata tingkat aktivasi Caspase-1 pada PBMC (mean 9,46 vs 15.04 CI: (-6.72) – 24.82 , P=0.865) dan WB (mean 2,99 vs 10,99 CI: (-5.303) – 5.844, P=0.478) lebih rendah pada kelompok terapi dibanding perlakuan walaupun tidak bermakna secara statistik. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penghambatan kadar inflamasi tidak berhubungan langsung dengan survival rate. Mekanisme anti-inflamasi Chloroquine, salah satunya, tampak melewati jalur inflammasome. Kata kunci: Sepsis, Chloroquine, Inflammasome, Caspase-1, IL-1β, Survival rate.
EFEKTIVITAS LARUTAN MADU KELENGKENG (Euphoria longana Sp.) TERHADAP PEMUTIHAN GIGI (BLEACHING)
Authors: Riolina Ana , Rahmasari Aryant Dentia 
Published: May 2018

Bleaching adalah suatu cara yang digunakan untuk pemutihan gigi yang menggunakan bahan oksidator kuat. Oksidator yang biasa digunakan adalah hidrogen peroksida. Madu memiliki glucose oxidase yang berperan membentuk hidrogen peroksida saat madu dilarutkan dalam air. Kadar hidrogen peroksida dalam madu rata-rata 0,003%. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efektivitas larutan madu kelengkeng (Euphoria longana Sp.) terhadap pemutihan gigi (bleaching). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental laboratoris dengan metode randomized pretest - postest controlled group design.Digunakan sampel 15 gigi premolar post ekstraksi. Pre-test dilakukan terlebih dahulu untuk mengukur warna gigi sebelum perlakuan. Larutan madu disiapkan dengan perbandingan 1:1 sebanyak 60 ml. Perlakuan pada sampel dilakukan selama 14 hari, setiap hari perendaman selama 3 jam dan setelah itu sampel direndam dalam saliva buatan. Pada hari ke 14 dilakukan pengukuran intensitas warna sebagai post-test. Hasil pengukuran diolah dengan dental digital photo CIE L*a*b* analysis. Hasil uji levene’s test didapatkan hasil distribusi data normal p = 0,311 (p > 0,05 ), sehingga digunakan uji Independent T-test dan didapatkan hasil p = 0,000 (p < 0,05). Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat efektivitas dari madu kelengkeng (Euphoria Longana Sp) untuk pemutihan gigi. Kata Kunci: Madu, Madu kelengkeng, Hidrogen peroksida, pemutihan gigi, warna gigi
Sengketa Ekonomi Syariah di Indonesia Pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 93/PUU-X/2012
Authors: Yahya Imam 
Published: May 2018

Sengketa ekonomi syariah sebelum adanya Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi (MK) Nomor 93/PUU-X/2012, masih terdapat pilihan forum, bisa di Pengadilan Agama atau di Pengadilan Umum. Namun dengan terbitnya putusan MK maka kewenangan mengadili perkara ekonomi syariah ada di Pengadilan Agama, sesuai dengan Undang-undang Nomor 3 Tahun 2006 tentang Peradilan Agama. Bagi Pengadilan Agama, putusan MK ini menjadi momen penting untuk meningkatkan pelayanan kepada masyarakat dengan mempersiapkan; 1) penguatan SDM Hakim dan Panitera, 2) penguatan hukum materiil dan hukum acaranya yakni Kompilasi Hukum Ekonomi Syariah (KHES) serta Kompilasi Hukum Acara Ekonomi Syariah (KHAES), serta 3) adanya dukungan masyarakat yang maksimal.Secarahukum, sengketa ekonomi syariah menjadi kompetensi Pengadilan Agama sejak berlakunya Undang-UndangRI Nomor 3 Tahun 2006 tahun. Namun faktanya sengketa ekonomi syariah tidak serta merta diselesaikan di Pengadilan Agama karena banyak peraturan dan tafsir yang berbeda.
Ide Pluralistik dalam Pemberian Fatwa Perspektif Syihab al-Din al-Qarafi (626-684 H/1228-1285 M)
Authors: Suraji Suraji 
Published: May 2018

This article studies the thought of al-Qarafi who lived in (626-684 H/ 1228-1285 M) in al-Qarafah - Kairo, Eqypt about the pluralistic ideas in giving fatwa (legal opinion). Al-Qarafiâ€™s pluralistic ideas in giving fatwa include several issues. First, if a fatwa is requested by someone or a community that is not affiliated or committed to (taqlid) imam maz\hab (a mazhab leader), mujtahid or a certain opinion, a mufti (a scholar who gives fatwa) has freedom to give fatwa based on law opinion of which he believes to have the most excellent fundamental law. In contrast, if the fatwa request is from someone or a certain community that has made a pledge, affiliated, or socially identified to a certain maz\hab or tend to a certain law, mufti serves as an agent to choose a law opinion that is suitable with their maz\hab, belief, and religious social identity. Second, for those who request fatwa (mustafti) who want to change to other maz\hab (intiqal) or the result of other ijtihad (ideas) that he believes, there are no hindrances for him and that he deserves to get fatwa in accordance to the maz\hab that he believes. Among the implications of al-Qarafiâ€™s pluralistic ideas in giving fatwa on the development of thoughts of contemporary Islamic law is giving the pragmatism principle foundation in the application of law. The implementation of the al-Qarafiâ€™s ideas is also meaningful in establishing maz\hab tolerance, creating respectful situation in facing different opinion, and making harmony in interaction among Moslems.