bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A spectroscopic study of weak metallic emission lines in a B3 V star ι Herculis
Authors: Sadakane Kozo , Nishimura Masayoshi 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
We present a list of weak emission lines (WELs) observed in a sharp-lined B3 V star ι Her (HD 160762) using high-resolution (R = 65000) and high-S/N (∼1300) spectral data. The list covers a spectral region between 4900 Å and 10000 Å. We registered 207 WELs in this star and identified 190 lines including ten ions (nine elements). Emission lines of C ii, N i, Cr ii, Mn ii, and Ni ii have been identified among normal B-type stars for the first time. Seventeen emission lines remain unidentified. We compared our list with the published list of WELs for 3 Cen A (Wahlgren & Hubrig, 2004, A&A, 418, 1073) and found that the numbers of detected emission lines reflect differences in abundance between these two stars. We detected 13 C i emission lines in ι Her (normal in C), while only one C i emission line was found in 3 Cen A (deficient in C). Many emission lines of P ii and Cu ii have been detected in 3 Cen A (over-abundant in both P and Cu), while no emission line of these ions has been found in ι Her. Many emission lines of Fe ii are visible in the shorter-wavelength side of 6000 Å in ι Her, while these emission lines are missing in 3 Cen A. Close inspections of spectral data of 3 Cen A reveal that the apparently missing Fe ii lines appear as absorption lines in this star. Because these two stars have nearly the same atmospheric parameters (Teff and log g), a physical interpretation that is independent of these two parameters is needed to account for this observation.
The Crust–Mantle Transition of the Khantaishir Arc Ophiolite (Western Mongolia)
Authors: Gianola Omar , Schmidt Max W , Jagoutz Oliver , Rickli Jörg , Bruguier Olivier , Sambuu Oyungerel 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe crust–mantle transition of the Khantaishir ophiolite in western Mongolia is well exposed. The mantle section shows an up to 4 km thick refractory harzburgitic mantle with local dunite channels and lenses. Towards its top, the mantle is increasingly replaced by discrete zones of pyroxenite, which form a kilometre-wide and hundreds of metres-thick horizon at the contact with the overlying crustal section. The plutonic crustal section is composed of gabbros, gabbronorites, tonalites and minor plagiogranites. The lower part of the crustal section is intercalated with pyroxenite lenses, forming a layered sequence, whereas the upper part is cut by volcanic dykes associated with the overlying basalt–andesitic volcanic section. Most of the ultramafic rocks and gabbronorites show a depletion in high field strength elements and positive anomalies for Sr and Pb, whereas gabbros, tonalites and plagiogranites are enriched in large ion lithophile elements and have slightly enriched rare earth element patterns. Non-modal fractional melting models indicate that the most depleted harzburgites of the ophiolite originated after 20–25% of melt extraction from the mantle. Leached minerals and whole-rocks from the crust–mantle transition of the Khantaishir ophiolite define a Sm–Nd isochron at 540 ± 12 Ma, which is interpreted as the formation age of the crust–mantle transition. Additionally, minerals and whole-rocks display a restricted εNd(t=540 Ma) composition (+3·5 to +7·0) and a large scatter in εSr(t=540 Ma) (–19·8 to +14·2). Clinopyroxenes in the crust–mantle transition rocks indicate that they were in equilibrium with a boninitic-like melt, consistent with the lavas observed in the volcanic section of the ophiolite. It is therefore inferred that the Khantaishir ophiolite represents a slice of an incipient oceanic island-arc formed in a suprasubduction environment.
Paraquat Exposure Increases Oxidative Stress Within the Dorsal Striatum of Male Mice With a Genetic Deficiency in One-carbon Metabolism
Authors: Jadavji Nafisa M , Murray Lauren K , Emmerson Joshua T , Rudyk Chris A , Hayley Shawn , Smith Patrice D 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Paraquat is an herbicide that is commonly used worldwide. Exposure to paraquat results in Parkinson’s disease (PD)-like symptoms including dopaminergic cell loss. Nutrition has also been linked in the pathogenesis of PD, such as reduced levels of folic acid, a B-vitamin, and component of one-carbon metabolism. Within one-carbon metabolism, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) catalyzes the irreversible conversion of 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate. A polymorphism in MTHFR (677 C&→T) has been reported in 5%–15% of North American and European human populations. The MTHFR polymorphism is also prevalent in PD patients. The goal of this study was to investigate the impact of paraquat-induced PD-like pathology in the context of reduced levels of MTHFR. Three-month-old male Mthfr+/− mice, which model the MTHFR polymorphism observed in humans, were administered intraperitoneal injections of paraquat (10 mg/kg) or saline 6 times over 3 weeks. At the end of paraquat treatment, motor and memory function were assessed followed by collection of brain tissue for biochemical analysis. Mthfr+/– mice treated with paraquat showed impaired motor function. There was increased microglial activation within the substantia nigra (SN) of Mthfr+/− mice treated with paraquat. Additionally, all Mthfr+/− mice that were treated with paraquat showed increased oxidative stress within the dorsal striatum, but not the SN. The present results show that paraquat exposure increases PD-like pathology in mice deficient in one-carbon metabolism.
The Simple Pediatric Activity Ultrasound Score (SPAUSS) for the Accurate Detection of Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Kellar Amelia , Wilson Stephanie , Kaplan Gilaad , DeBruyn Jennifer , Tanyingoh Divine , Novak Kerri L. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTObjective:The aim of the study was to identify the most significant ultrasound (US) parameters that predict inflammatory activity and develop a simple US activity score.Methods:Patients were identified through retrospective evaluation of an established database of children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Patients with endoscopy and US within 60 days were included (N = 75). US parameters evaluated included: bowel wall thickness (BWT), mesenteric inflammatory fat, lymphadenopathy, and hyperemia. The weighted kappa statistic was calculated to assess agreement between sonographic and endoscopically identified disease location. Using a proportional odds model and ordinal logistic regression, statistically significant (P < 0.05) parameters were used to generate a score. Variables were weighted to classify individuals into severity classes. Receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted to demonstrate the score's discriminative and predictive capacity.Results:There was substantial agreement between US and endoscopy for all disease locations (weighted kappa = 0.85) and substantial agreement for ileocolonic disease (weighted kappa = 0.96). Two sonographic parameters were identified as contributing significantly to disease activity: BWT and mesenteric inflammatory fat (P < 0.05). A predictive score was developed incorporating BWT, hyperemia and inflammatory fat, and receiver operating characteristic curve curves demonstrated good predictive capacity to distinguish between the absence of disease (normal) and active disease with an area under the curve of 82.1%.Conclusions:The most important sonographic parameters for predicting disease activity were BWT and mesenteric inflammatory fat. When combined with hyperemia into a simple score, there was accurate detection of inflammatory activity in children with inflammatory bowel disease. This score may facilitate noninvasive, bedside detection of inflammation, and standardize the use of US in children.
Energy-dependent transport at dural lymphatic vessels is necessary for Aβ brain clearance in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Romanova Liudmila , Phillips Heidi , Calip Gregory S. , Hauser Kyle , Peterson Daniel A. , Lazarov Orly , Predescu Daniel , Predescu Sanda , Schneider Julie , Kordower Jeff , Hansen Eric , Lam Cornelius H. , Janson Christopher G. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractViewed as an imbalance between production and clearance of toxic Aβ peptides, Alzheimer’s disease is a candidate for therapies to augment brain waste removal. Prior work has shown that Aβ accumulates in meninges with aging as a byproduct of normal brain activity, in parallel with build-up of Aβ oligomers in neurons, blood vessels, and interstitial fluid. Using the TgF344-AD rat model of Alzheimer’s disease, we now report that dural lymphatic vessels specifically accumulate neurotoxic pyroglutamate amyloid beta (pE3-Aβ) with aging. Notably, accelerated amyloidosis is observed in meninges after ligation of cervical lymphatics, together with significantly increased pE3-Aβ and Aβ42 deposition in upstream brain regions implicated in Alzheimer’s disease. Blockade of lymphatic clearance is not sufficiently compensated by other efflux pathways, suggesting a necessary role of Aβ clearance at the level of lymphatics. We further report that dural lymphatic cells actively clear Aβ via energy-dependent mechanisms, and lymphatic Aβ transport is significantly impaired both in normal aging and in Alzheimer’s disease. Dural lymphatic cells isolated from the TgF344-AD rat show ultrastructural abnormalities in mitochondria and abnormal cytoplasmic inclusions, with a distinct transcriptional profile implicating failure of energy-dependent transport. Finally, using human meninges treated with FocusDeep tissue clearing, we demonstrate using whole mount panoramic imaging that dural lymphatic vessels comprise a structurally diverse intracranial vascular network that accumulates pE3-Aβ with aging, similar to the rat model. We conclude that intracranial meningeal and extracranial cervical lymphatic vessels are targets for Alzheimer’s disease therapies focused on improving amyloid clearance.One Sentence SummaryLymphatic vessels remove Aβ from the brain via energy-dependent active transport mechanisms, and blockage of extracranial lymphatic drainage is sufficient to cause significant acceleration of intracranial Alzheimer’s Aβ pathology in both meninges and brain.
Aerobic bacteria as Escherichia coli can survive in ESwabTM medium after a 3 month-freezing at −80°C but not after multiple thawing
Authors: Saliba Rindala , Zahar Jean Ralph , Carbonnelle Etienne , Lescat Mathilde 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPretesting of procedures for specimen conservation should be part of preliminary studies for trials especially when quantification of bacteria must be performed in a second time. Quantitative epidemiological studies of multidrug resistant organisms sampled from rectal swabs could be then particularly favored. The aim of this preliminary study, was to evaluate the performance of the flocked swab with liquefied Amies transport medium ESwab™, for the survival evaluation of aerobic bacteria, from rectal swab sampling according to the number of freezing at −80°C and thawing cycles and the time of freezing. We first observed that quantification was not reliable after F/T cycles whereas a unique freezing could be performed especially when studying E. coli isolates. The second experiment allowed us to observe that this stability could be obtained until 3 month-freezing. Our study represents a preliminary study, confirming the utility of ESwab™ in microbiological diagnostics and research studies, not only for molecular bacterial tests, but also, for the maintenance of bacterial viability in clinical specimens.
UK phenomics platform for developing and validating EHR phenotypes: CALIBER
Authors: Denaxas Spiros , Gonzalez-Izquierdo Arturo , Direk Kenan , Fitzpatrick Natalie , Banerjee Amitava , Dobson Richard , Fatemifar Ghazaleh , Kuan Valerie , Lumbers Tom , Pasea Laura , Patel Riyaz , Hingorani Aroon , Sudlow Cathie , Hemingway Harry 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTObjectiveElectronic health records are a rich source of information on human diseases, but the information is variably structured, fragmented, curated using different coding systems and collected for purposes other than medical research. We describe an approach for developing, validating and sharing reproducible phenotypes from national structured Electronic Health Records (EHR) in the UK with applications for translational research.Materials and MethodsWe implemented a rule-based phenotyping framework, with up to six approaches of validation. We applied our framework to a sample of 15 million individuals in a national EHR data source (population based primary care, all ages) linked to hospitalization and death records in England. Data comprised continuous measurements such as blood pressure, medication information and coded diagnoses, symptoms, procedures and referrals, recorded using five controlled clinical terminologies: a) Read (primary care, subset of SNOMED-CT), b) ICD-9, ICD-10 (secondary care diagnoses and cause of mortality), c) OPCS-4 (hospital surgical procedures) and d) Gemscript Drug Codes.ResultsThe open-access CALIBER Portal (https://www.caliberresearch.org/portal) demonstrates phenotyping algorithms for 50 diseases, syndromes, biomarkers and lifestyle risk factors and provides up to six validation layers. These phenotyping algorithms have been used by 40 national/international research groups in 60 peer-reviewed publications.ConclusionHerein, we describe the UK EHR phenomics approach, CALIBER, with initial evidence of validity and use, as an important step towards international use of UK EHR data for health research.
The necroptosis machinery mediates axonal degeneration in a model of Parkinson disease
Authors: Oñate Maritza , Catenaccio Alejandra , Salvadores Natalia , Saquel Cristian , Martinez Alexis , Moreno-Gonzalez Ines , Gamez Nazaret , Soto Paulina , Soto Claudio , Hetz Claudio , Court Felipe A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative condition, characterized by motor impairment due to the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and depletion of dopamine release in the striatum. Accumulating evidence suggest that degeneration of axons is an early event in the disease, involving destruction programs that are independent of the survival of the cell soma. Necroptosis, a programmed cell death process, is emerging as a mediator of neuronal loss in models of neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we demonstrate activation of necroptosis in postmortem brain tissue from PD patients and in a toxin-based mouse model of the disease. Inhibition of key components of the necroptotic pathway resulted in a significant delay of 6-hydroxydopamine dependent axonal degeneration of dopaminergic and cortical neurons in vitro. Genetic ablation of necroptosis mediators MLKL and RIPK3, as well as pharmacological inhibition of RIPK1 in vivo, decreased dopaminergic neuron degeneration, improving motor performance. Together, these findings suggest that axonal degeneration in PD is mediated by the necroptosis machinery, a process here referred to as necroaxoptosis, a druggable pathway to target dopaminergic neuronal loss.
Automated acquisition of knowledge beyond pathologists
Authors: Yamamoto Yoichiro , Tsuzuki Toyonori , Akatsuka Jun , Ueki Masao , Morikawa Hiromu , Numata Yasushi , Takahara Taishi , Tsuyuki Takuji , Shimizu Akira , Maeda Ichiro , Tsuchiya Shinichi , Kanno Hiroyuki , Kondo Yukihiro , Fukumoto Manabu , Tamiya Gen , Ueda Naonori , Kimura Go 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDeep learning algorithms have been successfully used in medical image classification and cancer detection. In the next stage, the technology of acquiring explainable knowledge from medical images is highly desired. Herein, fully automated acquisition of explainable features from annotation-free histopathological images is achieved via revealing statistical distortions in datasets by introducing the way of pathologists’ examination into a set of deep neural networks. As validation, we compared the prediction accuracy of prostate cancer recurrence using our algorithm-generated features with that of diagnosis by an expert pathologist using established criteria on 13,188 whole-mount pathology images. Our method found not only the findings established by humans but also features that have not been recognized so far, and showed higher accuracy than human in prognostic prediction. This study provides a new field to the deep learning approach as a novel tool for discovering uncharted knowledge, leading to effective treatments and drug discovery.
cyAbrB transcriptional regulators as safety devices to inhibit heterocyst differentiation in Anabaena
Authors: Higo Akiyoshi , Nishiyama Eri , Nakamura Kota , Hihara Yukako , Ehira Shigeki 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCyanobacteria are monophyletic organisms that perform oxygenic photosynthesis. While they exhibit great diversity, they have a common set of genes. However, the essentiality of them for viability has hampered the elucidation of their functions. One example of the genes is cyabrB1 encoding a transcriptional regulator. In the present study, we investigated the function of cyabrB1 in heterocyst-forming cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 through CRISPR interference, a method we recently utilized for the photosynthetic production of a useful chemical in the strain. Conditional knockdown of cyabrB1 in the presence of nitrate resulted in formation of heterocysts. Two genes, hetP and hepA, which are required for heterocyst formation, were up-regulated by cyabrB1 knockdown in the presence of combined nitrogen sources. The genes are known to be induced by HetR, a master regulator of heterocyst formation. hetR was not induced by cyabrB1 knockdown. hetP and hepA were repressed by direct binding of cyAbrB1 to their promoter regions in a HetR-independent manner. In addition, the over-expression of cyabrB1 abolished heterocyst formation upon nitrogen depletion. Also, knockout of cyabrB2, a paralogue gene of cyabrB1, in addition to cyabrB1 knockdown, enhanced heterocyst formation in the presence of nitrate, suggesting functional redundancy of cyAbrB proteins. We propose that a balance between amounts of HetR and cyAbrB1 is a key factor influencing heterocyst differentiation during nitrogen step-down. cyAbrB proteins are essential safety devices inhibiting heterocyst differentiation.ImportanceSpore formation in Bacillus subtilis and Streptomyces represents non-terminal differentiation and has been extensively studied as models of prokaryotic cell differentiation. In the two organisms, many cells differentiate simultaneously, and the differentiation is governed by a network in which one regulator stands at the top. Differentiation of heterocysts in Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 has also been extensively studied. The differentiation is unique because it is terminal and only 5-10% vegetative cells differentiate into heterocysts. In the present study, we identified cyAbrB1 as a repressor of two genes that are essential for heterocyst formation, hetP and hepA, independent of HetR, which is a master activator for heterocyst differentiation. The finding is reasonable for unique cell differentiation of Anabaena because cyAbrB1 could suppress heterocyst differentiation tightly in vegetative cells, while only cells in which HetR is over-expressed could differentiate into heterocysts.
An Event-Related Potential Study of Onset Primacy in Visual Change Detection
Authors: Van Pelt Jennifer , Lowe Benjamin G. , Robinson Jonathan E. , Donaldson Maria J. , Johnston Patrick , Yamamoto Naohide 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOnset primacy is a behavioural phenomenon whereby humans identify the appearance of an object (onset) with greater efficiency than other kinds of visual change, such as the disappearance of an object (offset). The default mode hypothesis explains this phenomenon by postulating that the attentional system is optimised for onset detection in its initial state. The present study extended this hypothesis by combining a change detection task and measurement of the P300 event-related potential, which was thought to index the amount of processing resources available to detecting onsets and offsets. In an experiment, while brain activity was monitored by electroencephalography, participants indicated the locations of onsets and offsets under the condition in which they occurred equally often in the same locations across trials. Although there was no reason to prioritise detecting one type of change over the other, onsets were detected more quickly and they evoked a larger P300 than offsets. These results suggest that processing resources are preferentially allocated to onset detection. This biased allocation may be a basis on which the attentional system defaults to the ‘onset detection’ mode.
GDNF receptor agonist supports dopamine neurons in vitro and protects their function in animal model of Parkinson’s
Authors: Mahato Arun Kumar , Renko Juho-Matti , Kopra Jaakko , Visnapuu Tanel , Korhonen Ilari , Pulkkinen Nita , Bespalov Maxim , Ronken Eric , Piepponen T. Petteri , Voutilainen Merja , Tuominen Raimo K. , Karelson Mati , Sidorova Yulia A. , Saarma Mart 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMotor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD) are caused by degeneration and progressive loss of nigrostriatal dopamine neurons. Currently no cure for this disease is available. Existing drugs alleviate PD symptoms, but fail to halt neurodegeneration. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is able to protect and repair dopamine neuronsin vitroand in animal models of PD, but its clinical use is complicated by pharmacokinetic properties. In the present study we demonstrate the ability of a small molecule agonist of GDNF receptor RET to support the survival of cultured dopamine neurons only when they express GDNF receptors. In addition, BT13 activates intracellular signaling cascadesin vivo, stimulates release of dopamine and protect the function of dopaminergic neurons in a 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) rat model of PD. In contrast to GDNF, BT13 is able to penetrate through the blood-brain-barrier. Thus, BT13 serves as an excellent tool compound for the development of novel disease-modifying treatments against PD.