bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental and Numerical Studies of Saturation Overshoot during Infiltration into a Dry Soil
Authors: Zhuang Luwen , Hassanizadeh S. Majid , van Duijn C.J. , Zimmermann Susanne , Zizina Irina , Helmig Rainer 
Published: May 2019

Core Ideas
Experiments measured saturation overshoot during infiltration of water into dry soil.
Two models based on Richards' equation with a dynamic capillarity term simulated the data.
The IFA model is an alternative approach to simulate saturation overshoot.
The IFA model and dynamic capillarity equation were combined to simulate experiments.
Downward infiltration of water into almost dry soil, when there is no ponding at the soil surface, often occurs in the form of fingers, with saturation overshoot at the finger tips. While this is well known, there is still uncertainty about the exact saturation pattern within fingers. We performed a series of one‐dimensional water infiltration experiments into a dry soil to study the non‐monotonicity of the saturation. We observed that saturation showed a non‐monotonic behavior as a function of time. The overshoot was somewhat plateau shaped at relatively low flow rates but was quite sharp at higher flow rates. Two mathematical models, referred to as the extended standard (ESD) model and the interfacial area (IFA) model, were used to simulate the experimental results. Both models were based on extended forms of the Richards equation by including a dynamic capillary term. In the ESD model, standard equations for hysteresis were used. In the IFA model, the specific interfacial area was introduced to simulate hysteresis. Parameter values for both models were obtained from preliminary experiments or using empirical formulas. Only one parameter, the dynamic capillarity coefficient τ, was optimized to model saturation overshoot. While the ESD model did not reproduce the form of saturation overshoot for any combination of parameter values, the IFA model could provide good agreement with the data. To our knowledge, this is the first time where a combination of the IFA model and the dynamic capillarity equation has been used to simulate a set of experiments.
Combining Visible−Near‐Infrared and Pedotransfer Functions for Parameterization of Tile Drain Flow Simulations
Authors: Varvaris Ioannis , Pittaki-Chrysodonta Zampela , Moldrup Per , de Jonge Lis Wollesen , Iversen Bo V. 
Published: May 2019

Core Ideas
A concept was proposed to cover the absence of data on soil hydraulic properties.
Effective parameterization of properties was achieved by integrating vis‐NIR and PTF.
A hydrogeological model was used for simulating drainage discharge.
Sensitivity analysis examined the uncertainty when varying the predicted parameters.
Estimation of soil hydraulic parameters is essential when generating a hydrogeological model for simulating water flow dynamics in an agricultural field. However, estimation of the input parameters through direct measurements is time consuming and costly, and the spatial variability presents an uncertainty. Therefore, we proposed a rapid and inexpensive concept (integration of visible–near‐infrared spectroscopy [vis‐NIR] and a pedotransfer function [PTF]) to estimate hydraulic properties considering catchment scale. An existing vis‐NIR–predicted Campbell retention function was used for estimating the Campbell b parameter and the water content at −1000 cm H2O soil–water matric potential (log|−1000| = pF 3). A PTF was developed for predicting the saturated hydraulic conductivities using the vis‐NIR–predicted Campbell b and the effective porosity, defined as the difference in volumetric water contents at pF 0.3 and 3. The concept was evaluated by developing a hydrogeological model in HYDRUS‐2D software for simulating the tile drainage discharge from a clayey agricultural subcatchment in Denmark, using as input hydraulic parameters the output from the suggested approach. The suggested approach simulated the main attributes of the flow hydrograph with a reasonable degree of accuracy (R2 and RMSE values of 0.86 and 1.25 L s−1, respectively). A sensitivity analysis was performed to determine the response of the model to changes in values of predicted parameters when predicting the drainage discharge, and it showed that small variations (<10%) would not affect the predictive ability of the model.
O SER HUMANO NÃO CABE AQUI
Authors: Silva Bárbara Cristina 
Published: May 2019

Tentam mercantilizar a cidade, o modo como nos expressamos e ocupamos o território, mesmo sabendo que a individualidade do ser não cabe nessa lógica. A contradição gera violência não só entre as pessoas, mas do próprio ser consigo mesmo. Desconfiguração. Anonimato. A cidade não é apenas palco para o conflito, a forma que os espaços públicos são produzidos e geridos é fonte de desigualdade e exclusão.O ofício que as pessoas realizam não diz sobre elas, a vida perde a essência em prol de uma lógica cruel de sobrevivência. Nossa rotina é perpassada pela violência, negamos a nós mesmos e negamos, muitas vezes, a humanidade do outro. Os seres viram peças no cenário cotidiano. As pessoas não cabem nessa lógica. Trabalho deve ser para criar, construir, ser e permanecer. Ocupar é fazer-se presente. Ocupar é resistir.
Full-scale comparison of N2O emissions from SBR N/DN operation versus one-stage deammonification MBBR treating reject water – and optimization with pH set-point
Authors: Kanders L. , Yang J-J. , Baresel C. , Zambrano J. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
To be able to fulfill the Paris agreement regarding anthropogenic greenhouse gases, all potential emissions must be mitigated. Wastewater treatment plants should aim to eliminate emissions of the most potent greenhouse gas, nitrous oxide (N2O). In this study, these emissions were measured at a full-scale reject water treatment tank during two different operation modes: nitrification/denitrification (N/DN) operating as a sequencing batch reactor (SBR), and deammonification (nitritation/anammox) as a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR). The treatment process emitted significantly less nitrous oxide in deammonification mode 0.14–0.7%, compared to 10% of total nitrogen in N/DN mode. The decrease can be linked to the changed feeding strategy, the lower concentrations of nitrite, a lower load of ammonia oxidized, a shorter aeration time, the absence of non-optimized ethanol dosage or periodic lack of oxygen as well as the introduction of biofilm. Further, evaluation was done how the operational pH set point influenced the emissions in deammonification mode. Lower concentrations of nitrous oxide were measured in water phase at higher pH (7.5–7.6) than at lower pH (6.6–7.1). This is believed to be mainly because of the lower aeration ratio and increased complete denitrification at the higher pH set point.
Gestión logística en el sector textil-confección en Colombia: retos y oportunidades de mejora para la competitividad
Authors: Zuluaga-Mazo Abdul , Cano-Arenas José Alejandro , Montoya-Peláez Mauricio 
Published: May 2019

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo revisar y analizar la problemática actual del sector textil - confección, diseño y moda en Colombia, derivada de factores externos relacionados con la situación socioeconómica del país, las políticas de importación y exportación, la competencia desleal, las constantes reformas tributarias, entre muchos otros que pueden hacer vulnerable uno o más eslabones en la cadena de suministro. Con el fin de identificar el rol de la logística en este sector empresarial y plantear alternativas de productividad y competitividad, se realiza un análisis minucioso del marco teórico disponible, se procede con la realización de entrevistas a empresarios y se establece un estado del arte de la gestión logística. Como resultado, se plantea un contexto de la situación actual del sector y se proponen acciones y posibles aportes desde la logística que aumenten la productividad y competitividad de las empresas que pertenecen a este sector económico.
Perceptions in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus with or Without the Use of Insulin Pump: An Online Study
Authors: Benioudakis Emmanouil S. 
Published: May 2019

Background:
Technological developments concerning the treatment of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
have been rapid in the latest years. Insulin infusion systems along with continuous glucose monitoring,
as well as long-acting insulin analogues, are part of this progress.

Objective:
The aim of this study is to present the illness perceptions in type 1 diabetes mellitus, with or
without the use of an insulin pump. Sexual life and body image among therapy groups subjected to subcutaneous
insulin infusion (CSII) therapy and multiple daily injections (MDI) therapy were also examined.

Methods:
modified version of the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire was used. One hundred and
nine adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus, (males / females ratio 1:2.3) completed the online survey.
Thirty six of them (33%) used CSII therapy and 73 of them (67%) used MDI therapy.

Results:
Statistically important differences among the CSII and MDI therapy groups were found in
treatment control, illness comprehensibility, representations of control, representation of body image
and in the perception of sex life. There was no statistically significant difference among the different
types of therapy for participants’ negative perception of diabetes.

Discussion and Conclusion:
Negative perceptions of MDI users in treatment control, illness comprehensibility,
representations of control, body image and sex life with the insulin pump, differentiate CSII
and MDI therapy groups to a significant degree. According to the research, these parameters seem to
interfere with accepting CSII therapy for MDI users and discourage them.
Role of Phospholipase D Inhibitor in Regulating Expression of Senescencerelated Phospholipase D gene in Postharvest Longan Fruit
Authors: Li Li , Li Jiemin , Sun Jian , Yi Ping , Li Changbao , Zhou Zhugui , Xin Ming , Sheng Jinfeng , Shuai Liang , Li Zhichun , Ling Dongning , He Xuemei , Zheng Fengjin , Liu Guoming , Tang Yayuan 
Published: May 2019

Background:
Phospholipase D (PLD)is closely related to browning and senescence of
postharvest longan fruit.

Objective:
This study investigated the effects of 2-butanol (a PLD inhibitor) on the expression and
regulation of PLD during storage of longan fruit at a low temperature.

Methods:
Senescence-related quality indices showed that the 2-butanol-treated fruit presented lower
pericarp browning index, pulp breakdown index and total soluble solid value than the untreated
fruit.

Results:
The fruit treated by 60 µL/L 2-butanol exhibited the strongest inhibition on senescence,
which significantly delayed changes in weight, titratable acidity content, total soluble solid content
and ascorbic acid content. This treatment maintained a high level of total phenolic content and
caused significant inhibition on pericarp browning and pulp breakdown. Through ELISA method,
60 µL/L 2-butanol treatment also reduced PLD activity. Real-time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) results
showed that PLD mRNA expression level was inhibited by 60 µL/L 2-butanol within 15 days.
Western-blotting results further confirmed the differential expression of PLD during storage, and a
relatively higher expression for PLD protein was found in control compared to the 2-butanoltreated
fruit during 15-d storage.

Conclusion:
These results provided a scientific basis and reference to further investigating postharvest
longan quality maintenance by regulating the PLD gene expression.
Analysis of Process and Formulation Variables on Chitosan based Losartan Potassium Nanoparticles: Preparation, Validation and in vitro Release Kinetics
Authors: Singh Manisha , Kaur Ramneek , Rajput Rashi , Agarwal Shriya , Kumar Sachin , Sharma Malvika , Sharma Aishwarya 
Published: May 2019

Background:
Although many potential therapeutic compounds have been discovered
and have exhibited a promising recovery, their effective delivery in the human system
has always remained questionable with many pharmacological constraints in delivering
them. Amidst all this, the concept of nanomedicine has always assured the potential to overcome
the drug delivery complications in the present treatment methods. Losartan Potassium
(LP) is indicated in the management of hypertension. Owing to its moderate bioavailability
(32%) and a number of side effects due to the oral dosage forms of LP thus, nanoparticles
based delivery would be beneficial.

Objective:
The present study is focused to develop a nanoparticle system of Losartan Potassium,
an Angiotensin II receptor antagonist and a well-known promising antihypertensive
drug, to conquer its limitation of bioavailability and potential adverse effects.

Method:
LP Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles (LP-NPs) were developed by ionic gelation
method using Chitosan (CH) and Tripolyphosphate (TPP) for cross linkage in various optimising
ratios. After the successful optimisation and synthesis of LP-NPs, the optimised formulation
was further characterized by Particle Size Analysis (PSA), Polydispersity Index (PDI),
Zeta Potential (ZP), TEM analysis with the in vitro cytotoxicity and permeability evaluation.

Results:
The results showed the average size of 123.5 ± 1.23nm with polydispersibility score
of 0.257 ± 0.079 and charge of -2.74 mV respectively. Further, Transmission Electron Microscopy
(TEM) images showed the size range in almost conformity with DLS findings, representing
the spherical and smooth morphology. In vitro drug release kinetics estimation showed sustained
release routine of the drug and the cell viability studies done on Jurkat cell line displayed
lesser cytotoxicity of LP-NPs (99.3 ± 2.28% and 98.17 ± 1.86%) in comparison with the LP
only (85.3 ± 2.1% and 71.7 ± 1.07%) at different time periods (12 hours and 24 hours).

Conclusion:
The aforementioned results confirm the effective fabrication of LP-NPs and indicate
that it may further, used on higher model systems to investigate the above parameters
and their enhanced effectiveness in hypertension.
A PERSPECTIVE ON AUSTRALIA’S NATIONAL MEDICINES POLICY
Authors: Tett Susan E 
Published: May 2019

There is international interest in Australia’s health care system for prescription medicines. The issue is particularly topical in Canada with the debate following publication of the Romanow Report into the future of health care in Canada. This Report recommended a new National Drug Agency. Australia has a National Medicines Policy with four arms – quality, safety and efficacy of medicines; equity of access; a viable and responsible pharmaceutical industry; quality use of medicines. The four arms of the Policy are interlinked and interdependent for optimal functioning. In this paper, an overview of how the prescription drug system in Australia works is presented. The manuscript focuses upon specific aspects of the Policy, describing how it functions and some of the processes integral to success, from the viewpoint of the author. The discussion includes some of the advantages of Australia’s system for pharmaceuticals as well as some of the problems, as these present opportunities for development and change
The Information Provision in the Corporate Acquisition Process: Why Target Firms Obtain Multiple Fairness Opinions
Authors: Liu Tingting 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
Using a hand-collected dataset for takeovers from 1996 to 2013, I examine why some target firms obtain a second fairness opinion and the associated wealth effects of doing so. I find that multiple opinions are more likely to be used in deals in which management/investment bank conflicts of interest are high—e.g., buyouts and stapled financing deals. In addition, the use of a second opinion has a significantly positive impact on target shareholders' wealth in these two types of deals. Fairness opinion valuation predominantly relies on accounting data, and the benefit of seeking a second opinion increases with a firm's earnings quality. Collectively, the results suggest that a second opinion is used to facilitate transactions.
JEL Classifications: G34; G24; J33.
Firm Risk and Disclosures about Dispersion of Asset Values: Evidence from Oil and Gas Reserves
Authors: Badia Marc , Barth Mary E. , Duro Miguel , Ormazabal Gaizka 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
The question we address is whether mandated disclosure about dispersion of nonfinancial asset values can provide information relevant to assessing firm risk. Using a sample of Canadian oil and gas (O&G) firms between 2004 and 2011, we find that the difference between the disclosed 10th and 50th percentiles from the O&G reserves distribution, which measures dispersion of the distribution, is positively associated with future total and idiosyncratic equity return volatility, systematic risk, and credit risk. We also find that disclosure of increased reserves dispersion is associated with weaker stock price reactions to increases in reserves and with increases in bid-ask spreads, both of which indicate the disclosures convey information about risk associated with reserves. Additional tests reveal little evidence of managerial opportunism in the reserves disclosures. Taken together, our evidence suggests that quantitative disclosures about the dispersion of nonfinancial asset values can provide information relevant to assessing firm risk.
Tone Concavity around Expected Earnings
Authors: D'Augusta Carlo , DeAngelis Matthew D. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
We examine whether the relationship between managerial tone and earnings performance depends on the performance of the firm relative to earnings expectations. Using both annual changes in earnings and the difference between realized earnings and analyst consensus forecasts, we find evidence of “tone concavity” around earnings expectations. Specifically, the covariance between managerial tone and earnings performance is positive when earnings are below expectations, but negative when earnings meet or exceed expectations. We interpret our results to suggest that managers downplay positive changes in earnings to attenuate future growth expectations. We also find that tone concavity is significantly attenuated by managers' career concerns and accounting conservatism, but unrelated to litigation risk. Our results indicate that the effect of earnings performance on disclosure tone is complex and reflects managers' incentives to manage expectations.
In vitro and in vivo activities of flavonoids – apigenin, baicalin, chrysin, scutellarin – in regulation of hypertension – a review for their possible effects in pregnancy-induced hypertension
Authors: Ożarowski Marcin , Kujawski Radosław , Mikołajczak Przemysław Ł. , Wielgus Karolina , Klejewski Andrzej , Wolski Hubert , Seremak-Mrozikiewicz Agnieszka 
Published: May 2019

Summary
Flavonoids and their conjugates are the most important group of natural chemical compounds in drug discovery and development. The search for pharmacological activity and new mechanisms of activity of these chemical compounds, which may inhibit mediators of inflammation and influence the structure and function of endothelial cells, can be an interesting pharmacological strategy for the prevention and adjunctive treatments of hypertension, especially induced by pregnancy. Because cardiovascular diseases have multi-factorial pathogenesis these natural chemical compounds with wide spectrum of biological activities are the most interesting source of new drugs. Extracts from one of the most popular plant used in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi could be a very interesting source of flavonoids because of its exact content in quercetin, apigenin, chrysin and scutellarin as well as in baicalin. These flavonoids exert vasoprotective properties and many activities such as: anti-oxidative via several pathways, anti-in-flammatory, anti-ischaemic, cardioprotective and anti-hypertensive. However, there is lack of summaries of results of studies in context of potential and future application of flavonoids with determined composition and activity. Our review aims to provide a literature survey of in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo pharmacological studies of selected flavonoids (apigenin, chrysin and scutellarin, baicalin) in various models of hypertension carried out in 2008–2018.
Litogenolitic and solubility properties of products obtained from common ivy extract (Hederae helicis e folium) and medium of diversified polarity (εM)
Authors: Nowak Elżbieta , Marczyński Zbigniew , Skibska Beata , Nachajski Michał Jakub , Jambor Jerzy , Zgoda Marian Mikołaj 
Published: May 2019

Summary

Introduction: Common ivy (Hedera helix) is a plant used successfully in the treatment of various ailments. This is possible owing to the unique set of substances contained in it such as large amount of saponins, flavonoids, phenolic acids and phytosterols as well as polyacetylenes and coumarins. All these substances have been used in the production of cosmetic and medicinal preparations. Clinical trials on the efficacy and safety of dry ivy leaf extract have shown its high efficacy, comparable to synthetic medications, and better tolerance of herbal drugs.

Objective: Investigations were performed on model ivy leaf (Hedera helix) extracts which were created using a medium of diversified polarity ( εM). Measurements of viscosity and surface activity on phase boundary were performed. During preformulation studies attention was drawn to the possibility of micellar solubilization of cholesterol and selected structures of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) – ketoprofen.

Methods: Viscosity measurements of Extractum Hederae helicis e folium aqueous solutions and in 0.1 mol HCl were performed according to the Polish Standard with Ubbelohde dilution viscometer. The surface tension of aqueous solutions

-
Δ

γ

sol

25

$- \Delta \gamma _{{\rm{sol}}}^{25}$

of Hederae helicis e folium extracts was determined according to the Polish Standard with stalagmometric method. Critical micellar concentration (cmc) was calculated. This enabled to evaluate the dependence

Δ

G

m
0

=
2.303

$\Delta {\rm{G}}_{\rm{m}}^0 = 2.303$

RT×log cmc of the thermodynamic potential of micelle formation (

Δ

G

m
0

$\Delta {\rm{G}}_{\rm{m}}^0$

). Results: It has been confirmed in the conducted comparative studies that aqueous solutions of Extr. Hederae helicis e folium created with maltodextrin as well as with SiO2 – maltodextrin result in micellar solubilization. The increase of granulometric size of cholesterol particle to Ø 1.60 mm decreased the amount of solubilized cholesterol but solubility preferences of the extracts were maintained.

Conclusions: Model extracts produced from Hederae helicis e folium with diversified polarity of the extraction medium (water – ethanol) are characterized by appropriate solubility of the components which results not only from the presence of chlorophyll and its derivatives in the extract but also from the technique used for spray drying of the extract.