bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Everyday Economy: Framing a New Political Economy for the UK?
Authors: McInroy Neil 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe piece focuses on how the economics of market liberalism are incapable of addressing social injustice and how we need a fundamental reset to the UK's political economy. The article comments on the ideas contained within The Everyday Economy, a publication by Rachel Reeves MP, and acknowledges the important role that everyday economic sectors (such as retail, care, transport and utilities) play, and the usefulness of these sectors as an entry point to turning back the market liberal tide through more democratic control and new forms of ownership. However, the article highlights how a new economics must go even further in terms of correcting wealth extraction, with a much deeper intentional reform of state institutions. Included within that is the need to embrace new civic activism as a means to advance democratic economic ownership and economic justice, thus sustainably reversing the market liberal hold on our economy.
A call to greater inclusion of gerodontology in the dental curriculum: A narrative review
Authors: Nilsson A , Young L , Croker F 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimThis literature review explores the need for greater prominence of gerodontology in the undergraduate dental curriculum, focusing on the significance of gerodontology for dental students on clinical placements.BackgroundAs Australia's population ages the number of dentate older people is increasing. An assessment of the dental profession's preparedness, including that of future providers, is needed to ensure that this public health issue is addressed.MethodsA database search was performed inMEDLINE(Ovid),CINAHLandJCUOneSearch. Of the 41 articles identified, 31 were selected for review using a narrative approach.DiscussionOf the 31 articles reviewed, 12 were Australian, 9 North American and 5 European. Five overarching themes were identified, including preparedness for residential aged care facilities; barriers to oral health services provision; attitudes to aged care; gerodontology as part of a dental school curriculum and service‐based learning.ConclusionThere are differences in the gerodontology curricula of dental schools, with a wide variation of clinical exposure to older patients. There is evidence that exposure to gerodontology curriculum prior to treating older people may help dental students feel more prepared for managing patients in aged care. The current marginal status of gerodontology in dental school curricula is in need of review.
Presence of the invasive brown marmorated stink bug Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) on home exteriors during the autumn dispersal period: Results generated by citizen scientists
Authors: Hancock Torri J. , Lee Doo‐Hyung , Bergh James Christopher , Morrison William R. , Leskey Tracy C. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe invasive brown marmorated stink bug Halyomorpha halys (Stål) is a serious nuisance pest in buildings.
To address how H. halys select potential overwintering sites and to predict the risk of home invasion, citizen scientists, primarily from the Mid‐Atlantic region of the U.S.A., were recruited to count the number of H. halys present on the exterior of their homes during the autumn dispersal periods in 2013 and 2014.
Volunteers provided daily count data on numbers present on each exterior aspect of the home during the peak dispersal, as well as their home's location, colour and structural material.
Among volunteers, fewer adults were counted on white homes compared with brown and tan homes in 2013 and with grey homes in both years. Across all homes, greatest numbers were counted on the north and east walls in both years and on homes with wood, cement or stone exteriors.
In addition, significantly more adults were counted on homes in rural landscapes compared with urban areas in both years. Halyomorpha halys were found in greater numbers on darker coloured homes made of natural materials, even though these were less common than other types in the landscape.
Thus, homes located in rural landscapes with these features could be prone to larger nuisance infestations of overwintering H. halys.
Upsloping ST depression: Is it acute ischemia?
Authors: Alam Mahboob , Nikus Kjell , Fiol Miguel , Bayes de Luna Antoni , Birnbaum Yochai 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe describe a patient with acute coronary syndrome, presenting with upsloping ST depression in leads I, II, V3–V6 and ST elevation in lead aVR. Coronary angiography revealed spontaneous dissection in a big, dominant left circumflex artery. No other lesions identified. During stenting of the dissection site, the distal left circumflex, supplying a large posterior descending artery was occluded, resulting in ST elevation myocardial infarction with ST elevation in lead III and aVF, but not II. This pattern is considered to represent right coronary artery infarction, rather than left circumflex infarction.
Timescales of developmental toxicity impacting on research and needs for intervention
Authors: Grandjean Philippe , Abdennebi‐Najar Latifa , Barouki Robert , Cranor Carl F. , Etzel Ruth A. , Gee David , Heindel Jerrold J. , Hougaard Karin S. , Hunt Patricia , Nawrot Tim S. , Prins Gail S. , Ritz Beate , Soffritti Morando , Sunyer Jordi , Weihe Pal 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMuch progress has happened in understanding developmental vulnerability to preventable environmental hazards. Along with the improved insight, the perspective has widened, and developmental toxicity now involves latent effects that can result in delayed adverse effects in adults or at old age and additional effects that can be transgenerationally transferred to future generations. Although epidemiology and toxicology to an increasing degree are exploring the adverse effects from developmental exposures in human beings, the improved documentation has resulted in little progress in protection, and few environmental chemicals are currently regulated to protect against developmental toxicity, whether it be neurotoxicity, endocrine disruption or other adverse outcome. The desire to obtain a high degree of certainty and verification of the evidence used for decision‐making must be weighed against the costs and necessary duration of research, as well as the long‐term costs to human health because of delayed protection of vulnerable early‐life stages of human development and, possibly, future generations. Although two‐generation toxicology tests may be useful for initial test purposes, other rapidly emerging tools need to be seriously considered from computational chemistry and metabolomics to CLARITY‐BPA‐type designs, big data and population record linkage approaches that will allow efficient generation of new insight; epigenetic mechanisms may necessitate a set of additional regulatory tests to reveal such effects. As reflected by the Prenatal Programming and Toxicity (PPTOX) VI conference, the current scientific understanding and the timescales involved require an intensified approach to protect against preventable adverse health effects that can harm the next generation and generations to come. While further research is needed, the main emphasis should be on research translation and timely public health intervention to avoid serious, irreversible and perhaps transgenerational harm.
Metabolic consequences of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonists vs orchiectomy: a randomized clinical study
Authors: Østergren Peter B. , Kistorp Caroline , Fode Mikkel , Bennedbæk Finn N. , Faber Jens , Sønksen Jens 
Published: November 2018

ObjectivesTo compare the metabolic changes between men with advanced prostate cancer commenced on a gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist and those treated with orchiectomy.Patients and MethodsFifty‐eight hormone‐naive men with advanced prostate cancer were randomly assigned (1:1) to either subcapsular orchiectomy or triptorelin 22.5 mg/24 week depot injections. The participants were followed for 48 weeks, with study visits at baseline, 12, 24 and 48 weeks. The primary endpoint was changes in fasting plasma glucose. Secondary endpoints included changes in body composition (i.e. weight, fat mass, visceral adipose tissue [VAT], subcutaneous adipose tissue [SAT], lean body mass [LBM] and android/gynoid fat [AG] ratio) assessed with dual X‐ray absorptiometry, serum lipid profiles, and insulin resistance evaluated during an oral glucose tolerance test. Linear mixed models were used to analyse the between‐group differences.ResultsNo treatment differences in the changes in fasting plasma glucose (0.2 mmol/L, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.1, 0.4; P = 0.32) were observed. The orchiectomy group experienced greater increases in total fat mass (+2.06 kg, 95% CI 0.55, 3.56), SAT (+133 cm3, 95% CI 22, 243) and weight (+3.30 kg, 95% CI 0.74, 5.87) at 48 weeks than did the triptorelin group (all P < 0.05), with the increases in fat mass being moderately correlated with increases in insulin resistance (P < 0.001). No differences in changed VAT, LBM or AG ratio were observed between the groups. The pooled analyses, combining data from both groups, showed androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) to significantly increase fat mass, SAT, VAT, serum cholesterols (total, high‐density lipoprotein and low‐density lipoprotein) and all measures of insulin resistance over time, while LBM decreased as compared with baseline values (all P < 0.05). These changes were apparent after only 12–24 weeks of ADT.ConclusionsAndrogen deprivation therapy leads to adverse changes in body composition and increased insulin resistance and serum cholesterols, with changes already observed after only 12–24 weeks of treatment. This study further demonstrates that orchiectomy causes greater increases in fat accumulation compared with GnRH agonists and that these increases are associated with an increase in insulin resistance.
Silencing circular RNA UVRAG inhibits bladder cancer growth and metastasis by targeting the microRNA‐223/fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 axis
Authors: Yang Chen , Wu Siqi , Wu Xiaobo , Zhou Xuejian , Jin Shengming , Jiang Haowen 
Published: November 2018

Circular RNA UVRAG (circUVRAG), a type of non‐coding RNA, is derived and cyclized by part of the exon from the UVRAG gene. However, the role of circUVRAG in bladder cancer (BLCA) has not been reported. The purpose of the present study was therefore to characterize the role of circUVRAG in BLCA. Bioinformatics analysis showed interactive relationships among circUVRAG, microRNA‐223 (miR‐223), and fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2). Quantitative real‐time PCR was used to detect the expression of circUVRAG in BLCA cell lines. UM‐UC‐3 cells were stably transfected with siRNA against circUVRAG, and cell proliferation and migration ability were tested using the CCK8 assay, clone formation, and Transwell assays in vitro. Tumor xenograft formation and metastasis were determined using nude mice. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to confirm the subcellular localization of circUVRAG, and the luciferase reporter assay was used to confirm the relationships among circUVRAG, miR‐223, and FGFR2. Results showed that circUVRAG was upregulated in BLCA cell lines. Downregulation of circUVRAG expression suppressed proliferation and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Downregulation of circUVRAG suppressed FGFR2 expression by “sponging” miR‐223, which was confirmed by rescue experiments and luciferase reporter assay. Overall, the results showed that downregulation of circUVRAG suppressed the aggressive biological phenotype of BLCA. Taken together, silencing circular RNA UVRAG inhibited bladder cancer growth and metastasis by targeting the miR‐223/FGFR2 axis, which may provide a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for the management of BLCA.
The structure of PghL hydrolase bound to its substrate poly‐γ‐glutamate
Authors: Ramaswamy Sneha , Rasheed Masooma , Morelli Carlo F. , Calvio Cinzia , Sutton Brian J. , Pastore Annalisa 
Published: November 2018

The identification of new strategies to fight bacterial infections in view of the spread of multiple resistance to antibiotics has become mandatory. It has been demonstrated that several bacteria develop poly‐γ‐glutamic acid (γ‐PGA) capsules as a protection from external insults and/or host defence systems. Among the pathogens that shield themselves in these capsules are Bacillus anthracis, Francisella tularensis and several Staphylococcus strains. These are important pathogens with a profound influence on human health. The recently characterised γ‐PGA hydrolases, which can dismantle the γ‐PGA‐capsules, are an attractive new direction that can offer real hope for the development of alternatives to antibiotics, particularly in cases of multidrug resistant bacteria. We have characterised in detail the cleaving mechanism and stereospecificity of the enzyme PghL (previously named YndL) from Bacillus subtilis encoded by a gene of phagic origin and dramatically efficient in degrading the long polymeric chains of γ‐PGA. We used X‐ray crystallography to solve the three‐dimensional structures of the enzyme in its zinc‐free, zinc‐bound and complexed forms. The protein crystallised with a γ‐PGA hexapeptide substrate and thus reveals details of the interaction which could explain the stereospecificity observed and give hints on the catalytic mechanism of this class of hydrolytic enzymes.
Influence of pH on the balance between methanogenesis and iron reduction
Authors: Marquart Kyle A. , Haller Ben R. , Paper Janet M. , Flynn Theodore M. , Boyanov Maxim I. , Shodunke Ganiyat , Gura Colleen , Jin Qusheng , Kirk Matthew F. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMethanogenesis and iron reduction play major roles in determining global fluxes of greenhouse gases. Despite their importance, environmental factors that influence their interactions are poorly known. Here, we present evidence that pH significantly influences the balance between each reaction in anoxic environments that contain ferric (oxyhydr)oxide minerals. In sediment bioreactors that contained goethite as a source of ferric iron, both iron reduction and methanogenesis occurred but the balance between them varied significantly with pH. Compared to bioreactors receiving acidic media (pH 6), electron donor oxidation was 85% lower for iron reduction and 61% higher for methanogenesis in bioreactors receiving alkaline media (pH 7.5). Thus, methanogenesis displaced iron reduction considerably at alkaline pH. Geochemistry data collected from U.S. aquifers demonstrate that a similar pattern also exists on a broad spatial scale in natural settings. In contrast, in bioreactors that were not augmented with goethite, clay minerals served as the source of ferric iron and the balance between each reaction did not vary significantly with pH. We therefore conclude that pH can regulate the relative contributions of microbial iron reduction and methanogenesis to carbon fluxes from terrestrial environments. We further propose that the availability of ferric (oxyhydr)oxide minerals influences the extent to which the balance between each reaction is sensitive to pH. The results of this study advance our understanding of environmental controls on microbial methane generation and provide a basis for using pH and the occurrence of ferric minerals to refine predictions of greenhouse gas fluxes.
Miami heat: Urban heat islands influence the thermal suitability of habitats for ectotherms
Authors: Battles Andrew C. , Kolbe Jason J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe urban heat island effect, where urban areas exhibit higher temperatures than less‐developed suburban and natural habitats, occurs in cities across the globe and is well understood from a physical perspective and at broad spatial scales. However, very little is known about how thermal variation caused by urbanization influences the ability of organisms to live in cities. Ectotherms are sensitive to environmental changes that affect thermal conditions, and therefore, increased urban temperatures may pose significant challenges to thermoregulation and alter temperature‐dependent activity. To evaluate whether these changes to the thermal environment affect the persistence and dispersal of ectothermic species in urban areas, we studied two species of Anolis lizards (Anolis cristatellus and Anolis sagrei) introduced to Miami‐Dade County, FL, USA, where they occur in both urban and natural habitats. We calculated canopy openness and measured operative temperature (Te), which estimates the distribution of body temperatures in a non‐thermoregulating population, in four urban and four natural sites. We also captured lizards throughout the day and recorded their internal body temperature (Tb). We found that urban areas had more open canopies and higher Te compared to natural habitats. Laboratory trials showed that A. cristatellus preferred lower temperatures than A. sagrei. Urban sites currently occupied by each species appear to lower thermoregulatory costs for both species, but only A. sagreihad field Tb that were more often within their preferred temperature range in urban habitats compared to natural areas. Furthermore, based on available Te within each species' preferred temperature range, urban sites with only A. sagrei appear less suitable for A. cristatellus, whereas natural sites with only A. cristatellus are less suitable for A. sagrei. These results highlight how the thermal properties of urban areas contribute to patterns of persistence and dispersal, particularly relevant for studying species invasions worldwide.
Is a calcium hydroxide liner necessary in the treatment of deep caries lesions? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: da Rosa W. L. O. , Lima V. P. , Moraes R. R. , Piva E. , da Silva A. F. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to evaluate whether the use of calcium hydroxide (CH) liner improves the clinical success in the treatment of deep caries lesions of primary and permanent teeth. The review was reported in accordance with the PRISMA Statement. Only studies that evaluated deep carious lesions treated with and without a CH liner were included. The required outcomes had to be obtained by clinical, radiographic or laboratory evaluations. Statistical analyses were performed with the RevMan 5.2 program (The Cochrane Collaboration, Copenhagen, Denmark) for randomized clinical trials with at least 12 months of follow‐up, using fixed‐effect models at a significance level of P < 0.05. The literature search was performed in eight databases: PubMed (MEDLINE), Lilacs, IBECS, BBO, Web of Science, Scopus, SciELO and The Cochrane Library. A total of 17 studies were included (15 in primary teeth, two in permanent teeth). The overall risk difference for CH versus adhesive system in primary teeth was 0.06 [95% CI −0.01 to 0.13], and the overall risk difference for CH versus GIC was 0.10 [95% CI −0.01 to 0.22], with no significant differences between materials. CH liner did not influence the clinical success of treatment for deep caries lesions of primary or permanent teeth. Although the present analysis demonstrated that use of CH liner in deep caries lesions was unnecessary, the evidence was of moderate to very low quality; thus, further well‐designed, randomized and controlled clinical trials are necessary to provide stronger recommendations.
Evaluation of apoptosis/necrosis and cytokine release provoked by three root canal sealers in human polymorphonuclears and monocytes
Authors: Souza G. L. , Rosatto C. M. P. , Silva M. J. B. , Silva M. V. , Rocha Rodrigues D. B. , Moura C. C. G. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimTo evaluate the in vitro cytotoxicity and cytokine release of three fresh root canal sealers and to determine the type of cell death they induce.MethodologyThe sealers tested were Sealer 26 (S26), AH Plus (AHP), and Endosequence BC Sealer (END). Fresh sealers were cultivated in contact with monocytes and polymorphonuclears (PMNs) obtained from the peripheral blood of humans. Cell viability, apoptosis and necrosis were analysed at 4 h (PMNs) or 24 h (monocytes) using Annexin‐V and propidium iodide in a cytometer. The supernatants were used to quantify Interleukin (IL)‐4, IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐12 and tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) in monocytes and IL‐8 in PMNs by ELISA. One‐way ANOVA and the Tukey post‐test were used to compare data for cytotoxicity, and the multiple T‐test was used to determine the differences between sealers in the release of cytokines that were statistically significant.ResultsAfter 4 h of treatment, S26 was associated with greater cell viability than the other sealers (P < 0.05) in the PMN culture and had similar values of necrosis as END (P > 0.05). After 24 h of treatment, AHP and END had greater monocyte cell viability than S26 (P < 0.05), which had more necrosis (P < 0.05). END had the lowest levels of IL‐12 compared to the other sealers (P < 0.05) and higher levels of IL‐6 compared to S26 (P < 0.05). The tested sealers did not differ in the release of IL‐8, IL‐10, TNF‐α and IL‐4 (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe effect of toxic agents released varied depending on the cell type studied. The composition of the sealers appeared to alter the form of self‐regulation in the production of these cytokines by cells.
In vitro cytotoxicity and ion release of multi‐ion doped hydroxyapatite
Authors: Reger Nimu Chand , Kundu Biswanath , Balla Vamsi Krishna , Bhargava Anil Kumar 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMulti‐ion doped hydroxyapatite (HA) is gaining more attention due to its potential in enhancing multifunctional biological, structural, and mechanical properties for orthopedic and dental applications. In this study, HA doped with multiple cations (Sr+2, Zn+2, Ag+) and anion (F−) was prepared by high‐energy ball milling. Sintered HA samples were evaluated for their in vitro cytocompatibility, ion release, and bioactivity. The composition of multi‐ion doped HA was optimized using Design of experiments (DOE). Our analysis showed that the contribution of each dopant on cell proliferation changes with culture duration. During first 3 days, F− exhibited strongest influence and during 7‐day proliferation Sr+2 and Ag+ had maximum influence. Binary ion doping found to have strong interaction on cell proliferation, while the ternary and quaternary ion doping did not show any interactions. In general, up to twofold increase in the cell viability was achieved with ternary and quaternary ion doping consisting of Sr+2, Zn+2, Ag+ and F−. Although large number of compositions has been identified to exhibit better in vitro cell viability than pure HA, for enhanced long‐term cytocompatibility the compositions of multi‐ion doped HA would be 2.5Sr‐2.5Zn‐2.5Ag, 2.5Sr‐5Zn‐2.5Ag, and 5Sr‐2.5Zn‐2.5Ag with up to 5 wt% F.
Effect of microbial transglutaminase and setting condition on gel properties of blend fish protein isolate recovered by alkaline solubilisation/isoelectric precipitation
Authors: Abdollahi Mehdi , Rezaei Masoud , Jafarpour Ali , Undeland Ingrid 
Published: November 2018

SummaryThe effect of microbial transglutaminase (M‐TGase) (0–0.6 units g−1 sample) and setting condition (25 °C/180 min, 30 °C/120 min, 35 °C/60 min and 40 °C/30 min) on gel properties of blend protein isolate of gutted kilka and silver carp was studied. The protein isolate provided a good substrate for M‐TGase activity so that a low amount of M‐TGase (0.2 unit g−1 sample) substantially improved textural properties and water holding capacity (WHC) of the gels. Breaking force of the gels was positively affected by M‐TGase up to 0.6 unit g−1 sample, but it negatively affected their WHC. Prior setting at 25–35 °C increased the breaking force of proteins compared to directly heated gel, resulting in maximum breaking force at 35 °C/60 min. However, the setting at 40 °C/30 min caused proteolysis, which was reflected in higher amounts of TCA‐soluble peptides and gel weakening. Denser microstructure and higher myosin heavy chain polymerisation observed in the gels which experienced the setting was well correlated with improvement in textural properties.