bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community Participation for People with Trauma Injuries: A Study Protocol of a Crossover Randomised Controlled Trial of the Effectiveness of a Community Mobility Group Intervention (CarFreeMe TI)
Authors: George Stacey , Barr Christopher , Berndt Angela , Crotty Maria , Milte Rachel , Nussio Amy , Liddle Jacki 
Published: February 2019

Background: Following traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries, maximising community participation leads to better physical and mental health outcomes.Objectives: To determine the effectiveness and health system resource use of a group intervention (CarFreeMe TI) on community participation in people with complex trauma injuries.Method: Randomised crossover trial of 54 participants, recruited from rehabilitation services in Adelaide, Australia. Inclusion criteria is a trauma injury, unable to return to full driving, aged over 18 years of age, adequate cognition/behavioural/communication abilities to participate in sessions and mobile. Exclusion criterion is living in setting where alternative transport is provided. Participants will be randomly assigned on a 1:1 allocation basis, to receiving Phase 1 CarFreeMe TI-group-based intervention or Phase 2 information related to transport options. Then, crossover to Phase 1 or 2 will occur. Primary outcome measure is community participation using a Global Positioning System. Secondary outcome measures include Community Mobility Self-efficacy Scale; CarFreeMe TI Transport Questionnaire, AQOL, EQ-5D-5L; Carer's Community Mobility Self-efficacy Scale and Modified Carer Strain Index for carers of participants. Outcome assessors will be blinded to group allocation. All analyses will be on an intention to treat basis with difference in community participation between the groups determined via a GLM ANOVA and the significance between groups on other measures using independent samplet-tests. It is hypothesised that the community mobility intervention (CarFreeMeTI) will result in increased community participation.Discussion: The results will provide proof of concept information on the feasibility and inform allocation of resources for people with complex trauma injuries.Trial registration: Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Register (ANZCTR): ACTRN12616001254482.
Third-Wave Therapies for Long-Term Neurological Conditions: A Systematic Review to Evaluate the Status and Quality of Evidence
Authors: Robinson Paula L. , Russell Ailsa , Dysch Leon 
Published: February 2019

Background: Adults with long-term neurological conditions can face complex challenges including anxiety and depression. Emerging research suggests the utility of third-wave approaches (the third development of psychotherapies) in working transdiagnostically with these difficulties.Aims: This systematic review sought to summarise and appraise the quality of published empirical studies using third-wave therapies such as Compassion Focused Therapy; Acceptance and Commitment Therapy; and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy or Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction.Method: Review procedures followed PRISMA guidelines, with 437 abstracts screened, 24 full-text articles retrieved and 19 studies found to meet inclusion criteria. Six out of seven randomised studies had unclear or high risk of bias, whilst the majority of non-randomised studies were considered moderate quality.Results: Overall, studies reported a statistically significant reduction in emotional distress. Of the 13 studies that used model-specific process measures, 10 found statistically significant improvements in transdiagnostic factors.Discussion: The findings indicate that third-wave therapies show promise in addressing transdiagnostic difficulties within neurological conditions. A number of methodological and conceptual issues for the included studies were highlighted during the quality appraisal process. Clinical implications include consideration of intervention length and use of outcome measures. Research implications are discussed by considering the progressive stages of development for behavioural treatments.
The impact of organic vs. inorganic selenium on dairy goat productivity and expression of selected genes in milk somatic cells
Authors: Reczyńska Daria , Witek Bożena , Jarczak Justyna , Czopowicz Michał , Mickiewicz Marcin , Kaba Jarosław , Zwierzchowski Lech , Bagnicka Emilia 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of diet supplemented with selenized yeast (Se-yeast) on milk yield and milk composition of goats and expression of casein and mammary-gland-immune system genes in milk somatic cells (MSC). Twenty-four dairy goats in their second to fourth lactations were divided into control and experimental groups, balanced according to lactation number and breed (Polish White or Fawn Improved). Morning milk and blood samples were collected four times during lactation (on the 21st, 70th, 120th, 180th day after kidding). The control and experimental groups were fed diets with 0.7 mg inorganic Se/goat/day (sodium selenite) or 0.6 mg organic Se/goat/day (selenized yeast), respectively. Milk, fat and protein yields during lactation as well as average somatic cell count, fat, protein and lactose contents in milk were evaluated. Microelements in milk and blood serum and biochemical parameters in blood serum were determined at the beginning and the end of the experiment. The expression levels of the genes encoding αS1-casein (CSN1S1), αS2-casein (CSN1S2), κ-casein (CSN3), interleukin 8 (IL-8), serum amyloid A3 (SAA3), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), bactenecin 7.5 (BAC7.5), bactenecin 5 (BAC5), β2-defensin (GBD2), hepcidin (HAMP), chemokine 4 (CCL4), tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα), toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), cathelicidin-7 (MAP34) and cathelicidin-6 (MAP28) were determined in MSC. Milk, fat, and protein yields were higher and somatic cell count (SCC expressed as natural logarithm) was lower in the milk of goats fed organic Se. The Se concentration in milk was twice as high in the organic vs. inorganic treatment groups at the end of the experiment, while there were no differences in studied biochemical parameters between groups. The transcript levels of CSN1S2 and BAC7.5 were higher and IL-8 was lower in MSC of Se-yeast treated groups. Such results may indicate better health status of mammary glands of goats treated with organic Se as well as positive impact of selenized yeast on the goat's milk composition. Differences in the IL-1β and IL-8 transcript levels were also noted between the stages of lactation, with the highest expression at the peak of lactation (day 70), highlighting the metabolic burden at this time. We concluded that the Se-yeast supplementation improved the productivity and health status of goats and could have significant economic impact on farmer's income.
Zhou Xicheng's “Guizhou Auto Dollar”: Commemorating the Building of Roads for Famine Relief
Authors: BEVAN PAUL 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn 1926 Zhou Xicheng, Governor of Guizhou, China, obtained a new car from an American Motor Company, the first car ever to find its way to this remote Chinese province. Road construction in Guizhou was well underway when the American engineer O. J. Todd, a member of the China International Famine Relief Committee, was invited that year to assist in its continued development. Governor Zhou had his own methods for the speedy and effective building of roads and recruited local people, the army, and even large teams of school children to assist in construction. It is likely that his work methods had taken their inspiration from Sun Yat-sen's plans as outlined in his book The International Development of China of 1920; plans that Sun Yat-sen further promoted in the writing of a letter to Henry Ford in which he requested the industrialist's assistance in the improvement of the motor industry in China. In 1928, in an effort to commemorate his own role in China's road construction projects, Zhou Xicheng had a coin struck. Instead of showing an image of his own head or that of another luminary such as Sun Yat-sen or Yuan Shikai - as had been common with coins of the first decades of the twentieth-century - this one yuan silver coin shows an image of his beloved motor car.
Bilingual versus monolingual infants’ novel word-action mapping before and after first-word production: Influence of developing noun-dominance on perceptual narrowing
Authors: Gogate Lakshmi , Maganti Madhavilatha 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis experimental study examined bilingual (English and another noun-dominant language) and monolingual (English) preverbal (10.5-month-old) and postverbal (12.5-month-old) infants’ word-action mapping. Sixteen infants in each group were habituated to dynamic video-displays of novel word-action pairings during infant-controlled habituation. They received two words, /wem/ and /bæf/, spoken synchronously with an adult shaking or looming an object, and were tested with switched versus same word-action pairings. Results revealed that for the preverbal bilingual infants, word-action mapping is intensified relative to postverbal bilingual infants. For the postverbal bilingual infants, word-action mapping is attenuated and inversely correlated with noun learning. No such differences were observed in the monolingual infants. These findings illustrate a perceptual protraction prior to word production, and accelerated perceptual narrowing to nouns after word production in bilingual infants learning two noun-dominant languages.
A qualitative exploration of parents’, youths’ and food establishment managers’ perceptions of beverage industry self-regulation for obesity prevention
Authors: Bogart Laura M , Castro Gabriela , Cohen Deborah A 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to explore the range of stakeholders’ perceptions of the Balance Calories Initiative (BCI), under which the American Beverage Association pledged to decrease per capita US consumption of beverage energy by 20 % by 2025.DesignSemi-structured cross-sectional interviews were conducted in 2017.SettingParticipants were recruited from communities targeted by the BCI (Montgomery, AL; North Mississippi Delta, MS; Eastern Los Angeles, CA).ParticipantsA total of thirty-three parents and thirty-eight youths aged 10–17 years were recruited through youth-serving organizations, street intercept and snowball sampling; sixteen store/restaurant managers were recruited at businesses. Participants were asked about their awareness of the BCI. Parents and youths were asked to ‘think aloud’ as they viewed BCI messages (e.g. ‘Balance What You Eat, Drink, and Do’) and managers were asked about beverage marketing.ResultsTwelve parents and twenty-four youths had seen BCI messages; only four managers were aware of the BCI. Many parents and youths showed some misunderstanding of BCI messages (e.g. that they should drink more sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) or they needed to equalize healthy and unhealthy beverage intake). Only one manager had communicated with beverage companies about the BCI.ConclusionsWe found mixed comprehension and low awareness of BCI messages in communities targeted by the American Beverage Association for reduced SSB consumption. Industry self-regulation attempts to reduce SSB consumption may have limited effectiveness if stakeholder input is not addressed. Public health practitioners should be aware of the need to address youths’ and parents’ misunderstandings about SSB consumption, especially in BCI-targeted communities.
Supporting decision-making in retirement planning: Do diagrams on Pension Benefit Statements help?
Authors: McGowan Féidhlim P. , Lunn Peter D. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper investigates whether exposure to explanatory diagrams can affect a major financial decision. In a controlled experiment, participants were given Pension Benefit Statements with or without one or two diagrams, before answering incentivised questions that measured recall, comprehension and choice of contribution rate. The diagrams had at best a marginal influence on recall or comprehension. Nevertheless, a diagram relating contributions to income projections prompted more participants to advocate higher contributions, while both diagrams influenced the rationale participants gave for decisions. The implication is that although pension products remain hard to understand, diagrams may alter decisions by reinforcing relevant causal thinking.
The Vitamins Involved in One-Carbon Metabolisms are Associated with Reduced Risk of Breast Cancer in Overall and Subtypes
Authors: Hatami Mahshid , Vahid Farhad , Esmaeil Akbari Mohammad , Sadeghi Mahya , Ameri Fatemeh , Eini-Zeinab Hassan , Jamshidi-Naeini Yasaman , Hossein Davoodi Sayed 
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Background: Some micronutrients like folate, vitamin B12, B6, and B2 are the source of coenzymes, which participate in one-carbon metabolism. Any disruption in this metabolism can interfere with DNA replication, repair and regulation of gene expression and ultimately promote the likelihood of carcinogenesis. This study aimed at investigating the relationship between the intakes of micronutrients involved in one-carbon metabolism with breast cancer (BrCa) and its subtype’s odds. Methods: Nutrients’ intake from diet and supplements were collected through interviewing 151 cases and 154 controls by a 168-item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to determine the relationship between dietary and/or total intake of studied nutrients and odds of BrCa and its subtypes. Results: After adjusting the effects of confounding variables in the models, the odds of BrCa was significantly lower in the highest intake quartile compared with the lowest quartile for total intake of vitamin B2 (OR = 0.17, 95% CI, 0.07–0.39; Ptrend < 0.001), vitamin B6 (OR = 0.11, 95% CI, 0.05–0.27; Ptrend < 0.001), vitamin B12 (OR = 0.20, 95% CI, 0.09–0.43; Ptrend < 0.001) and folate (OR = 0.09, 95% CI, 0.04–0.21; Ptrend < 0.001). Also, those with the highest quartile of vitamin B6, B12, B2 and folate intake compared with the lowest quartile were less likely to develop estrogen receptor (ER)+ and progesterone receptor (PR)+ subtypes, ER- status, PR- and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)+ subtypes and HER2- status. Conclusion: High intakes of vitamins B2, B6 and folate are associated with reduced odds of BrCa in overall and all ER, PR and HER2 subtypes. Also, high intakes of vitamin B12 reduced the odds of all subtypes of BrCa except ER- subtype.
Inference on Water Content in the Mantle Transition Zone Near Subducted Slabs From Anisotropy Tomography
Authors: Chang Sung‐Joon , Ferreira Ana M. G. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe examine the patterns of radial anisotropy in global tomography images of the mantle transition zone near subducted slabs in the western Pacific. Fast SV velocity anomalies are observed in this region, which are compatible with anisotropy due to lattice‐preferred orientation in wadsleyite. Using mineral physics reports of the dependency of the strength of radial anisotropy on water content in wadsleyite, we estimate the water content in the transition zone near subducted slabs from the tomography images. We find that fast SV anisotropy anomalies over ~1.5% observed beneath subduction zones in the western Pacific are compatible with a low water content (smaller than ~3,000 ppm H/SI), notably beneath the Tonga‐Kermadec trenches, the Philippines, and the Sumatra trench.
Tsunami Data Assimilation Without a Dense Observation Network
Authors: Wang Y. , Maeda T. , Satake K. , Heidarzadeh M. , Su H. , Sheehan A. F. , Gusman A. R. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe tsunami data assimilation method enables tsunami forecasting directly from observations, without the need of estimating tsunami sources. However, it requires a dense observation network to produce desirable results. Here we propose a modified method of tsunami data assimilation for regions with a sparse observation network. The method utilizes interpolated waveforms at virtual stations. The tsunami waveforms at the virtual stations between two existing observation stations are estimated by shifting arrival times with the linear interpolation of observed arrival times and by correcting the amplitudes for their water depths. In our new data assimilation approach, we employ the Optimal Interpolation algorithm to both the real observations and virtual stations, in order to construct a complete wavefront of tsunami propagation. The application to the 2004 Sumatra‐Andaman earthquake and the 2009 Dusky Sound, New Zealand, earthquake reveals that addition of virtual stations greatly helps improve the tsunami forecasting accuracy.
Strongest MJO on Record Triggers Extreme Atacama Rainfall and Warmth in Antarctica
Authors: Rondanelli R. , Hatchett B. , Rutllant J. , Bozkurt D. , Garreaud R. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTropical perturbations have been shown theoretically and observationally to excite long‐range atmospheric responses in the form of Rossby wave teleconnections that result from the equator to pole gradient of planetary vorticity. An extreme teleconnection event occurred during March 2015 in the Southeastern Pacific. As a result, extreme high temperatures were observed in Southwestern South America and the Antarctic Peninsula simultaneously with an extreme rainfall and flood event in the hyperarid Atacama desert. We show that the origin of these seemingly disconnected extreme events can be traced to a Rossby wave response to the strongest Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) on record in the tropical central Pacific. A barotropic wave number 3 to 4 perturbation with group velocity between 15 and 30 m/s is consistent with the trajectory and timing followed by the upper‐level anomalies radiating away from the tropics after the MJO episode.
A Simulation Study on the Latitudinal Variations of Ionospheric Zonal Electric Fields Under Geomagnetically Quiet Conditions
Authors: Chen Junjie , Lei Jiuhou 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe influence of zonal electric fields as well as E × B plasma drifts on the ionosphere has been widely investigated, but the latitudinal variations of zonal electric fields have not been well understood. In this study, we investigate the driving mechanisms responsible for the latitudinal variations of zonal electric fields under geomagnetically quiet conditions using the Thermosphere‐Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIEGCM). A series of case‐controlled TIEGCM simulations were conducted to explore the effects of neutral wind and ionospheric conductivity on the latitudinal variations of zonal electric fields. The major results are given as follows: (1) The eastward electric field at noon increases with latitude, which is mainly associated with latitudinal changes of poleward neutral winds. (2) The prominent latitudinal variations of zonal electric fields at sunrise and sunset are attributed to the strong longitudinal gradients of zonal winds, that is, the curl‐free mechanism. (3) The changes of the zonal electric fields at a given location are affected by the dynamo effect globally, which also produces the latitudinal structure of zonal electric fields.
On the Potential Impact of Lake Erie Wind Farms on Water Temperatures and Mixed‐Layer Depths: Some Preliminary 1‐D Modeling Using COHERENS
Authors: Afsharian S. , Taylor P. A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractLake Erie has a significant wind energy resource potential, with extensive areas of moderate water depth and proximity to major cities and industries with substantial electricity demands. The presence of significant numbers of large turbines in wind farms will lead to reduced wind speeds and wind stresses in the wakes within and downwind of the farms. This in turn will affect surface fluxes, currents, and mixing in lake waters, generally allowing increased surface temperatures and reduced summer time mixed‐layer depths. The potential magnitude of these impacts is investigated with a one dimensional application of the Coupled Hydrodynamical‐Ecological Model for Regional and Shelf Seas model for three different water depths using observed meteorological data as input.
Photoacclimation State of an Arctic Underice Phytoplankton Bloom
Authors: Kauko Hanna M. , Pavlov Alexey K. , Johnsen Geir , Granskog Mats A. , Peeken Ilka , Assmy Philipp 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRecent reports on Arctic underice phytoplankton blooms have directed attention to primary production below the sea ice cover. Such underice blooms cannot be detected from space; thus, methods for autonomous underice measurements are critically needed to extend observations beyond ship‐based surveys. One central aspect of the ecology of these blooms is whether they were advected from open‐water areas or were able to develop below the ice cover under typically low light conditions. The photoacclimation state of the bloom can provide clues about the growth conditions and therefore its origin. Here we investigate the photoacclimation state of a Phaeocystis pouchetii‐dominated underice bloom in the Arctic Ocean using ratios of photoprotective carotenoids (PPC) to photosynthetic carotenoids (PSC) and chlorophyll a. The pigment proxies indicate local growth under the ice pack. Furthermore, a method using in situ light absorption measurements to estimate the PPC:PSC ratio was in agreement with the pigment data. The slope of in situ phytoplankton absorption between 488 and 532 nm, affected by both PPC and PSC, had a significant linear relationship to the PPC:PSC ratio, indicating that prediction of photoacclimation state can be obtained from absorption profiles. We also review, with regard to the pigment function, different ways of grouping pigments into PPC or PSC applied in previous studies. Although more validation data sets are needed to assess the impact of pigment packaging on the relationship between PPC:PSC and absorption measurement slopes, our study shows the potential for using in situ absorption measurements to collect information about phytoplankton physiology below sea ice.
Stability Conditions of Peat Plateaus and Palsas in Northern Norway
Authors: Martin L. C. P. , Nitzbon J. , Aas K. S. , Etzelmüller B. , Kristiansen H. , Westermann S. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPeat plateaus and palsas are characteristic morphologies of sporadic permafrost, and the transition from permafrost to permafrost‐free ground typically occurs on spatial scales of meters. They are particularly vulnerable to climate change and are currently degrading in Fennoscandia. Here we present a spatially distributed data set of ground surface temperatures for two peat plateau sites in northern Norway for the year 2015–2016. Based on these data and thermal modeling, we investigate how the snow depth and water balance modulate the climate signal in the ground. We find that mean annual ground surface temperatures are centered around 2 to 2.5 °C for stable permafrost locations and 3.5 to 4.5 °C for permafrost‐free locations. The surface freezing degree days are characterized by a noticeable threshold around 200 °C.day, with most permafrost‐free locations ranging below this value and most stable permafrost ones above it. Freezing degree day values are well correlated to the March snow cover, although some variability is observed and attributed to the ground moisture level. Indeed, a zero curtain effect is observed on temperature time series for saturated soils during winter, while drained peat plateaus show early freezing surface temperatures. Complementarily, modeling experiments allow identifying adrainage effectthat can modify 1‐m ground temperatures by up to 2 °C between drained and water accumulating simulations for the same snow cover. This effect can set favorable or unfavorable conditions for permafrost stability under the same climate forcing.