bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Of floral fortune: tinkering with the grain yield potential of cereal crops
Authors: Sakuma Shun , Schnurbusch Thorsten 
Published: September 2019

SummaryEnhancing the yield potential and stability of small‐grain cereals, such as wheat (Triticum sp.), rice (Oryza sativa), and barley (Hordeum vulgare), is a priority for global food security. Over the last several decades, plant breeders have increased grain yield mainly by increasing the number of grains produced in each inflorescence. This trait is determined by the number of spikelets per spike and the number of fertile florets per spikelet. Recent genetic and genomic advances in cereal grass species have identified the molecular determinants of grain number and facilitated the exchange of information across genera. In this review, we focus on the genetic basis of inflorescence architecture in Triticeae crops, highlighting recent insights that have helped to improve grain yield by, for example, reducing the preprogrammed abortion of floral organs. The accumulating information on inflorescence development can be harnessed to enhance grain yield by comparative trait reconstruction and rational design to boost the yield potential of grain crops.
The association between weight stigma and mental health: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Emmer Christine , Bosnjak Michael , Mata Jutta 
Published: September 2019

SummaryIn recent years, there has been considerable research on the relation between weight stigma and mental health, but no quantitative synthesis of the empirical evidence is available to date. This meta‐analysis (105 studies, 59 172 participants, and 497 effect sizes) fills this gap by quantifying the association between weight stigma and mental health. Age, gender, and factors presumed to exert a protective role (i.e., adaptive coping strategies and perceived social support) were tested as potential moderators. The three‐level meta‐analytic model estimated under a random effects assumption revealed a medium to large negative association between weight stigma and mental health (r= −0.35). The overall association remained significant when controlling for publication year, education, and body weight. There was substantial heterogeneity in effect sizes between studies (I2= 43%) and within studies (I2= 56%). Surprisingly, all moderator hypotheses had to be rejected. Body weight was a significant moderator, indicating a stronger association between weight stigma and diminished mental health with increasing body mass index. Future research might focus on explaining the heterogeneity of findings and on testing causality as well as potential underlying mechanisms.
Fast‐food restaurant, unhealthy eating, and childhood obesity: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Jia Peng , Luo Miyang , Li Yamei , Zheng Ju‐Sheng , Xiao Qian , Luo Jiayou 
Published: September 2019

SummaryExcessive access to fast‐food restaurants (FFRs) in the neighbourhood is thought to be a risk factor for childhood obesity by discouraging healthful dietary behaviours while encouraging the exposure to unhealthful food venues and hence the compensatory intake of unhealthy food option. A literature search was conducted in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase for articles published until 1 January 2019 that analysed the association between access to FFRs and weight‐related behaviours and outcomes among children aged younger than 18. Sixteen cohort studies and 71 cross‐sectional studies conducted in 14 countries were identified. While higher FFR access was not associated with weight‐related behaviours (eg, dietary quality score and frequency of food consumption) in most studies, it was commonly associated with more fast‐food consumption. Despite that, insignificant results were observed for all meta‐analyses conducted by different measures of FFR access in the neighbourhood and weight‐related outcomes, although 17 of 39 studies reported positive associations when using overweight/obesity as the outcome. This systematic review and meta‐analysis revealed a rather mixed relationship between FFR access and weight‐related behaviours/outcomes among children and adolescents.
The state of the German social insurance state: Reform and resilience
Authors: Blank Florian 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAt the core of the German system of welfare provision stand social insurance schemes whose central role contributes to Germany being labelled a social insurance state. In recent decades, Germany has been experiencing major social policy reforms that are often evaluated as paradigm changes. These changes have been reflected in analyses that sometimes even questioned common classifications of the German welfare state. The article sheds light on recent developments that have affected the German system of social insurance. It focuses on four aspects of social insurance: benefits, financing, governance, and coverage. Although confirming many earlier analyses of reforms in detail and sharing assessments of changes such as retrenchment and marketization, the article nevertheless stresses that social insurance remains structurally intact and that the work–welfare nexus underlying welfare provision has been reinterpreted but not surrendered.
Dysfunction of the auditory system in sickle cell anaemia: a systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Rissatto - Lago Mara Renata , Fernandes Luciene da Cruz , Alves Agda Araujo Gomes , de Oliveira Ana Carolina Guimarães , de Andrade Caio Leônidas Oliveira , Salles Cristina , Ladeia Ana Marice Teixeira 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the occurrence of both peripheral and central auditory system dysfunction in sickle cell anaemia (SCA) patients and discuss the different mechanisms hypothesised to be responsible for these alterations.MethodsAn electronic search was conducted using PubMed Central® (MEDLINE), LILACS® and Scopus® databases. This systematic review was performed in accordance with the PRISMA statement. Original observational studies that utilised audiological tests for auditory system evaluations in SCA were included.ResultsA total of 183 records were found in the databases searched. Twenty‐one of these studies met the inclusion criteria. Pooled prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) was 20.5% (CI: 10.3–33%). Retrocochlear involvement was detected with the auditory brainstem response, which assesses integrity of the cochlea, 8th cranial nerve and brainstem structures. In addition, the increase in otoacoustic emission amplitudes in SCA patients indicates changes in cochlear micromechanics and precedes the expression of a detectable cochlear pathology.ConclusionThe prevalence of the SNHL is higher than in the general population. Dysfunction of the auditory system may be present in SCA patients, with the most probable mechanism being the presence of circulatory disturbances resulting from the chronic inflammatory state of the disease.
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in sports injury research: authors—please report the compliance with the intervention
Authors: Nielsen Rasmus Oestergaard , Bertelsen Michael Lejbach , Ramskov Daniel , Damsted Camma , Verhagen Evert , Bredeweg Steef W , Theisen Daniel , Malisoux Laurent 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundIn randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of interventions that aim to prevent sports injuries, the intention-to-treat principle is a recommended analysis method and one emphasised in the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement that guides quality reporting of such trials. However, an important element of injury prevention trials—compliance with the intervention—is not always well-reported. The purpose of the present educational review was to describe the compliance during follow-up in eight large-scale sports injury trials and address compliance issues that surfaced. Then, we discuss how readers and researchers might consider interpreting results from intention-to-treat analyses depending on the observed compliance with the intervention.MethodsData from seven different randomised trials and one experimental study were included in the present educational review. In the trials that used training programme as an intervention, we defined full compliance as having completed the programme within ±10% of the prescribed running distance (ProjectRun21 (PR21), RUNCLEVER, Start 2 Run) or time-spent-running in minutes (Groningen Novice Running (GRONORUN)) for each planned training session. In the trials using running shoes as the intervention, full compliance was defined as wearing the prescribed running shoe in all running sessions the participants completed during follow-up.ResultsIn the trials that used a running programme intervention, the number of participants who had been fully compliant was 0 of 839 (0%) at 24-week follow-up in RUNCLEVER, 0 of 612 (0%) at 14-week follow-up in PR21, 12 of 56 (21%) at 4-week follow-up in Start 2 Run and 8 of 532 (1%) at 8-week follow-up in GRONORUN. In the trials using a shoe-related intervention, the numbers of participants who had been fully compliant at the end of follow-up were 207 of 304 (68%) in the 21 week trial, and 322 of 423 (76%), 521 of 577 (90%), 753 of 874 (86%) after 24-week follow-up in the other three trials, respectively.ConclusionThe proportion of runners compliant at the end of follow-up ranged from 0% to 21% in the trials using running programme as intervention and from 68% to 90% in the trials using running shoes as intervention. We encourage sports injury researchers to carefully assess and report the compliance with intervention in their articles, use appropriate analytical approaches and take compliance into account when drawing study conclusions. In studies with low compliance, G-estimation may be a useful analytical tool provided certain assumptions are met.
Interventions addressing men, masculinities and gender equality in sexual and reproductive health and rights: an evidence and gap map and systematic review of reviews
Authors: Ruane-McAteer Eimear , Amin Avni , Hanratty Jennifer , Lynn Fiona , Corbijn van Willenswaard Kyrsten , Reid Esther , Khosla Rajat , Lohan Maria 
Published: September 2019

ObjectivesWorking with men/boys, in addition to women/girls, through gender-transformative programming that challenges gender inequalities is recognised as important for improving sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) for all. The aim of this paper was to generate an interactive evidence and gap map (EGM) of the total review evidence on interventions engaging men/boys across the full range of WHO SRHR outcomes and report a systematic review of the quantity, quality and effect of gender-transformative interventions with men/boys to improve SRHR for all.MethodsFor this EGM and systematic review, academic and non-academic databases (CINAHL, Medline, PsycINFO, Social Science Citation Index-expanded, Cochrane Library, Campbell Collaboration, Embase, Global Health Library and Scopus) were searched using terms related to SRHR, males/masculinities, systematic reviews and trials (January 2007–July 2018) with no language restrictions for review articles of SRHR interventions engaging men/boys. Data were extracted from included reviews, and AMSTAR2 was used to assess quality. Outcomes were based on WHO reproductive health strategy.ResultsFrom the 3658 non-duplicate records screened, the total systematic reviews of interventions engaging men/boys in SRHR was mapped through an EGM (n=462 reviews) showing that such interventions were relatively evenly spread across low-income (24.5%), middle-income (37.8%) and high-income countries (37.8%). The proportion of reviews that included gender-transformative interventions engaging men/boys was low (8.4%, 39/462), the majority was in relation to violence against women/girls (n=18/39, 46.2%) and conducted in lower and middle-income countries (n=25/39, 64%). Reviews of gender-transformative interventions were generally low/critically low quality (n=34/39, 97.1%), and findings inconclusive (n=23/39, 59%), but 38.5% (n=15/39) found positive results.ConclusionResearch and programming must be strengthened in engagement of men/boys; it should be intentional in promoting a gender-transformative approach, explicit in the intervention logic models, with more robust experimental designs and measures, and supported with qualitative evaluations.
Effects of parenting classes and economic strengthening for caregivers on the cognition of HIV-exposed infants: a pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial in rural Zimbabwe
Authors: Mebrahtu Helen , Simms Victoria , Mupambireyi Zivai , Rehman Andrea M , Chingono Rudo , Matsikire Edward , Malaba Rickie , Weiss Helen A , Ndlovu Patience , Cowan Frances M , Sherr Lorraine 
Published: September 2019

IntroductionHIV-exposed children show signs of developmental delay. We assessed the impact of a pragmatic multicomponent intervention for caregivers of HIV-exposed children aged 0–2 years in Zimbabwe.MethodsWe conducted a cluster-randomised trial from 2016 to 2018. Clusters were catchments surrounding clinics, allocated (1:1) to either National HIV guidelines standard of care or standard care plus an 18-session group intervention comprising i) early childhood stimulation (ECS) and parenting training with home visits to reinforce skills and retention in HIV care; ii) economic strengthening. Primary outcomes measured 12 months after baseline (4.5 months postintervention completion) included: i) global child development measured using the Mullen early learning composite score; ii) retention in HIV care. Analysis used mixed effects regression to account for clustering and adjusted minimally for baseline prognostic factors and was by intention to treat.ResultsThirty clusters, 15 in each arm, were randomised. 574 dyads were recruited with 89.5% retained at follow-up. Ninety one of 281 (32.4%) were recorded as having received the complete intervention package, with 161/281 (57.3%) attending ≥14 ECS sessions. There was no evidence of an intervention effect on global child development (intervention mean 88.1 vs standard of care mean 87.6; adjusted mean difference=0.06; 95% CI −2.68 to 2.80; p=0.97) or infant retention in care (proportion of children who had missed their most recent HIV test: intervention 21.8% vs standard of care 16.9%, p=0.18). There was weak evidence that the proportion of caregivers with parental stress was reduced in the intervention arm (adjusted OR (aOR)=0.69; 95% CI 0.45 to 1.05; p=0.08) and stronger evidence that parental distress specifically was reduced (intervention arm 17.4% vs standard of care 29.1% scoring above the cut-off; aOR=0.56; 95% CI 0.35 to 0.89; p=0.01).ConclusionThis multicomponent intervention had no impact on child development outcomes within 4.5 months of completion, but had an impact on parental distress. Maternal mental health remains a high priority.Trial registration numberPACTR201701001387209.
Study protocol: characterising the clinical, epidemiological and aetiological aspects of leptospirosis in Sri Lanka: a hospital based clinico-epidemiological study
Authors: Agampodi Suneth , Warnasekara Janith , Jayasundara Dinesha , Senawirathna Indika , Gamage Chandika , Kularatne Senanayake , Siribaddana Sisira , Maththias Michael , Vinetz Joseph 
Published: September 2019

IntroductionSri Lanka has one of the highest incidences of leptospirosis worldwide. We hypothesised that different geographical locations and patient context will have a distinct molecular epidemiology of leptospirosis, based on microgeographical characteristics related to regiona-specificLeptospirapredominance. Our objective is to characterise the clinical, epidemiological and molecular aspects of leptospirosis in Sri Lanka to understand disease progression, risk factors and obtain isolates ofLeptospira.Methods and analysisWe designed a multicentre prospective study in Sri Lanka to recruit undifferentiated febrile patients and conduct follow-ups during hospital stays. Patients will be recruited from outpatient departments and medical wards. This study will be conducted at two main sites (Anuradhapura and Peradeniya) and several additional sites (Awissawella, Ratnapura and Polonnaruwa). Blood and urine will be collected from patients on the day of admission to the ward or presentation to the outpatient department. Bedside inoculation of 2–4 drops of venous blood will be performed with Ellinghausen-McCullough-Johnson-Harris (EMJH) semisolid media supplemented with antibiotics. Regionally optimised microscopic agglutination test, culture and qPCR-evidence will be performed to confirm the presence ofLeptospirain blood which in turn will confirm the presence of disease. Whole genome sequencing will be carried out for all isolates recovered from patients. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) will be used for the genotyping of new isolates. Sri Lankan isolates will be identified using three published MLST schemes forLeptospira.Ethics and disseminationEthical clearance for the study was obtained from Ethics Review Committees (ERC), Medicine and Allied Sciences (FMAS), Rajarata University of Sri Lanka (RUSL) and University of Peradeniya. All genomic data generated through this project will be available at GenBank. Anonymised data will be deposited at the ERC, FMAS, RUSL.
Drug-induced sleep endoscopy compared with systematic adenotonsillectomy in the management of obstructive sleep apnoea in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Prévost Anne-Sophie , Hylands Mathieu , Gervais Mireille , Praud Jean-Paul , Battista Marie-Claude , Déziel-Malouin Stéphanie , Lachance Monia , Lamontagne Francois 
Published: September 2019

IntroductionObstructive sleep apnoea affects up to 6% of children worldwide. Although current guidelines recommend systematic tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy, many children do not benefit from these interventions. Drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) allows the dynamic evaluation of patients’ airways to identify the specific anatomic sites of obstruction. This intervention can potentially guide subsequent invasive procedures to optimise outcomes and minimise the number of children exposed to unnecessary operations.Methods and analysisWe will identify randomised controlled trials and controlled observational studies comparing DISE-directed interventions to systematic tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy in paediatric populations. We will search MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, CENTRAL as well as clinical trial registries and conference proceedings (initial electronic search date 9 October 2018). Screening, data extraction and risk of bias assessments will be performed in duplicate by independent reviewers. We will use the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach to assess the overall quality of evidence and present our results.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required for this systematic review of published data. This review will be presented according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We will present our findings at otorhinolaryngology conferences and publish a report in a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018085370.
Acceptability and feasibility of weight management programmes for adults with severe obesity: a qualitative systematic review
Authors: Skea Zoë C , Aceves-Martins Magaly , Robertson Clare , De Bruin M , Avenell Alison 
Published: September 2019

ObjectivesTo improve our understanding of the acceptability of behavioural weight management programmes (WMPs) for adults with severe obesity.DesignA systematic review of qualitative evidence.Data sourcesMedline, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, SCI, SSCI and CAB abstracts were searched from 1964 to May 2017.Eligibility criteriaPapers that contained qualitative data from adults with body mass index (BMI) ≥35 kg/m2(and/or the views of providers involved in their care) and considered issues about weight management.Data extraction and synthesisTwo reviewers read and systematically extracted data from the included papers which were compared, and contrasted according to emerging issues and themes. Papers were appraised for methodological rigour and theoretical relevance using Toye’s proposed criteria for quality in relation to meta-ethnography.Results33 papers met our inclusion criteria from seven countries published 2007–2017. Findings were presented from a total of 644 participants and 153 programme providers. Participants described being attracted to programmes that were perceived to be novel or exciting, as well as being endorsed by their healthcare provider. The sense of belonging to a group who shared similar issues, and who had similar physiques and personalities, was particularly important and seemed to foster a strong group identity and related accountability. Group-based activities were enjoyed by many and participants preferred WMPs with more intensive support. However, some described struggling with physical activities (due to a range of physical comorbidities) and not everyone enjoyed group interaction with others (sometimes due to various mental health comorbidities). Although the mean BMI reported across the papers ranged from 36.8 to 44.7 kg/m2, no quotes from participants in any of the included papers were linked to specific detail regarding BMI status.ConclusionsAlthough group-based interventions were favoured, people with severe obesity might be especially vulnerable to physical and mental comorbidities which could inhibit engagement with certain intervention components.
Is the risk of cervical atypia associated with the interval between menarche and the start of sexual activity? A population-based cohort study
Authors: Adhikari Indira , Eriksson Tiina , Luostarinen Tapio , Apter Dan , Lehtinen Matti 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveWe investigated whether the risk of cervical atypia is associated with a short interval between the age at first sexual intercourse (FSI) or age at the start of oral contraceptive (OC) use and menarche.DesignA population-based cohort study.SettingFinnish women in the age range of 16–17 years old were enrolled in the PATRICIA trial of human papillomavirus (HPV) 16/18 vaccine efficacy.ParticipantsThe association of cervical atypia with the interval between FSI or start of OC use and menarche was assessed in the control arm (hepatitis A vaccinated) who had participated in biannual clinical follow-up visits for 4 years. Altogether, 913 women had normal baseline cervical cytology and answered behavioural questionnaires at enrolment and end of the follow-up.Main outcome measureORs with 95% CIs using univariate and multivariable logistic regression were used to assess the association between cervical atypia and the interval between FSI or the start of OC use and menarche.ResultsThe mean ages at menarche, FSI and the start of OC use were 12.4, 16.0 and 16.4.Chlamydiatrachomatisinfection was associated with an increased risk of cervical atypia in women with a short (<3 years) interval between menarche and FSI/start of OC use (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.0 to 3.6 and OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.0 to 5.1). Whereas HPV 16/18 infection was associated with increased atypia risk estimates in women with a longer (≥3 years) interval (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.7 and OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.0 to 2.1). In women with a short interval between menarche and FSI, early age at the start of OC use was not associated with an increased risk of cervical atypia in the univariate (OR 0.7) nor multivariable analyses.ConclusionShort interval between menarche and the age at start of sexual activity does not increase the risk of HPV-associated cervical atypia.Trial registration numberNCT00122681.