bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship among anesthesia technique, surgical stress, and cognitive dysfunction following spinal surgery: a randomized trial
Authors: Ezhevskaya Anna A. , Ovechkin Alexei M. , Prusakova Zhanna B. , Zagrekov Valery I. , Mlyavykh Sergey G. , Anderson D. Greg 
Published: September 2019

OBJECTIVESurgical trauma is known to result in systemic inflammatory changes that can lead to postoperative cognitive dysfunction. In the present study, the authors compared the effects of an epidural anesthesia protocol to those of traditional anesthesia with regard to postoperative inflammatory changes, cellular immunity, and cognitive dysfunction.METHODSForty-eight patients, ages 45–60 years, underwent multilevel thoracolumbar decompression and fusion and were randomly assigned to one of two groups: group 1 (27 patients) had combined epidural and general anesthesia, followed by epidural analgesia for 48 hours after surgery, and group 2 (21 patients) had general anesthesia, followed by traditional opioid pain management after surgery. At multiple time points, data on pain control, cognitive function, cellular immunity, and inflammatory markers were collected.RESULTSGroup 1 patients demonstrated lower pain levels, less systemic inflammation, less cellular immune dysfunction, and less postoperative cognitive dysfunction than group 2 patients.CONCLUSIONSThe use of combined epidural and general anesthesia followed by postoperative epidural analgesia during the first 48 hours after multilevel thoracolumbar decompression and fusion surgery had a significant positive effect on pain management, cellular immune function, systemic inflammation, and postoperative cognitive function.Clinical trial registration no.: 115080510080 (http://rosrid.ru)
Historical controversies about the thalamus: from etymology to function
Authors: Serra Carlo , Guida Lelio , Staartjes Victor E. , Krayenbühl Niklaus , Türe Uğur 
Published: September 2019

The authors report on and discuss the historical evolution of the 3 intellectual and scientific domains essential for the current understanding of the function of the human thalamus: 1) the identification of the thalamus as a distinct anatomical and functional entity, 2) the subdivision of thalamic gray matter into functionally homogeneous units (the thalamic nuclei) and relative disputes about nuclei nomenclature, and 3) experimental physiology and its limitations.Galen was allegedly the first to identify the thalamus. The etymology of the term remains unknown although it is hypothesized that Galen may have wanted to recall the thalamus of Odysseus. Burdach was the first to clearly and systematically define the thalamus and its macroscopic anatomy, which paved the way to understanding its internal microarchitecture. This structure in turn was studied in both nonhuman primates (Friedemann) and humans (Vogt and Vogt), leading to several discrepancies in the findings because of interspecies differences. As a consequence, two main nomenclatures developed, generating sometimes inconsistent (or nonreproducible) anatomo-functional correlations. Recently, considerable effort has been aimed at producing a unified nomenclature, based mainly on functional data, which is indispensable for future developments. The development of knowledge about macro- and microscopic anatomy has allowed a shift from the first galenic speculations about thalamic function (the “thalamus opticorum nervorum”) to more detailed insights into the sensory and motor function of the thalamus in the 19th and 20th centuries. This progress is mostly the result of lesion and tracing studies. Direct evidence of the in vivo function of the human thalamus, however, originates from awake stereotactic procedures only.Our current knowledge about the function of the human thalamus is the result of a long process that occurred over several centuries and has been inextricably intermingled with the increasing accumulation of data about thalamic macro- and microscopic anatomy. Although the thalamic anatomy can currently be considered well understood, further studies are still needed to gain a deeper insight into the function of the human thalamus in vivo.
History of cerebral localization and the emigration plight of three neuroscience giants from Nazi Germany: Josef Gerstmann, Adolf Wallenberg, and Franz Josef Kallmann
Authors: Fana Michael , Smith Eleanor C. , Gable Jessica L. , Manjila Nihal , Manjila Sunil 
Published: September 2019

The Nazi regime held power for well over a decade in Germany and were steadfast in their anti-Semitic agenda. Among the massive cohort of immigrants to America were approximately 5056 Jewish physicians, including several highly esteemed neurologists and neuroscientists of the time. Emigrating to a new world proved difficult and provided new challenges by way of language barriers, roadblocks in medical careers, and problems integrating into an alien system of medical training and clinical practice. In this article, the authors examine the tumultuous and accomplished lives of three Jewish German and Austrian neurologists and neuroscientists during the time of the Third Reich who shaped the foundations of neuroanatomy and neuropsychology: Josef Gerstmann, Adolf Wallenberg, and Franz Josef Kallmann. The authors first examine the successful careers of these individuals in Germany and Austria prior to the Third Reich, followed by their journeys to and lives in the United States, to demonstrate the challenges an émigré physician faces for career opportunities and a chance at a new life. This account culminates in a description of these scientists’ eponymous syndromes.Although their stories are a testimony to the struggles in Nazi Germany, there are intriguing and notable differences in their ages, ideologies, and religious beliefs, which highlight a spectrum of unique circumstances that impacted their success in the United States. Furthermore, in this account the authors bring to light the original syndromic descriptions: Gerstmann discovered contralateral agraphia and acalculia, right-left confusion, and finger agnosia in patients with dominant angular gyrus damage; Wallenberg described a constellation of symptoms in a patient with stenosis of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery; and Kallmann identified an association between hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia based on family studies. The article also highlights the unresolved confusions and international controversies about these syndromic descriptions. Still, these unique cerebral syndromes continue to fascinate neurologists and neurosurgeons across the world, from residents in training to practicing clinicians and neuroscientists alike.
Outcomes of endoscopic discectomy compared with open microdiscectomy and tubular microdiscectomy for lumbar disc herniations: a meta-analysis
Authors: Barber Sean M. , Nakhla Jonathan , Konakondla Sanjay , Fridley Jared S. , Oyelese Adetokunbo A. , Gokaslan Ziya L. , Telfeian Albert E. 
Published: September 2019

OBJECTIVEEndoscopic discectomy (ED) has been advocated as a less-invasive alternative to open microdiscectomy (OM) and tubular microdiscectomy (TM) for lumbar disc herniations, with the potential to decrease postoperative pain and shorten recovery times. Large-scale, objective comparisons of outcomes between ED, OM, and TM, however, are lacking. The authors’ objective in this study was to conduct a meta-analysis comparing outcomes of ED, OM, and TM.METHODSThe PubMed database was searched for articles published as of February 1, 2019, for comparative studies reporting outcomes of some combination of ED, OM, and TM. A meta-analysis of outcome parameters was performed assuming random effects.RESULTSTwenty-six studies describing the outcomes of 2577 patients were included. Estimated blood loss was significantly higher with OM than with both TM (p = 0.01) and ED (p < 0.00001). Length of stay was significantly longer with OM than with ED (p < 0.00001). Return to work time was significantly longer in OM than with ED (p = 0.001). Postoperative leg (p = 0.02) and back (p = 0.01) VAS scores, and Oswestry Disability Index scores (p = 0.006) at latest follow-up were significantly higher for OM than for ED. Serum creatine phosphokinase (p = 0.02) and C-reactive protein (p < 0.00001) levels on postoperative day 1 were significantly higher with OM than with ED.CONCLUSIONSOutcomes of TM and OM for lumbar disc herniations are largely equivalent. While this analysis demonstrated that several clinical variables were significantly improved in patients undergoing ED when compared with OM, the magnitude of many of these differences was small and of uncertain clinical relevance, and several of the included studies were retrospective and subject to a high risk of bias. Further high-quality prospective studies are needed before definitive conclusions can be drawn regarding the comparative efficacy of the various surgical treatments for lumbar disc herniations.
Stem cell injections for axial back pain: a systematic review of associated risks and complications with a case illustration of diffuse hyperplastic gliosis resulting in cauda equina syndrome
Authors: Aoun Salah G. , Peinado Reyes Valery , El Ahmadieh Tarek Y. , Davies Matthew , Patel Ankur R. , Ban Vin Shen , Plitt Aaron , El Tecle Najib E. , Moreno Jessica R. , Raisanen Jack , Bagley Carlos A. 
Published: September 2019

OBJECTIVEAxial low-back pain is a disease of epidemic proportions that exerts a heavy global toll on the active workforce and results in more than half a trillion dollars in annual costs. Stem cell injections are being increasingly advertised as a restorative solution for various degenerative diseases and are becoming more affordable and attainable by the public. There have been multiple reports in the media of these injections being easily available abroad outside of clinical trials, but scientific evidence supporting them remains scarce. The authors present a case of a serious complication after a stem cell injection for back pain and provide a systematic review of the literature of the efficacy of this treatment as well as the associated risks and complications.METHODSA systematic review of the literature was performed using the PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus online electronic databases to identify articles reporting stem cell injections for axial back pain in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. The primary focus was on outcomes and complications. A case of glial hyperplasia of the roots of the cauda equina directly related to stem cell injections performed abroad is also reported.RESULTSThe authors identified 14 publications (including a total of 147 patients) that met the search criteria. Three of the articles presented data for the same patient population with different durations of follow-up and were thus analyzed as a single study, reducing the total number of studies to 12. In these 12 studies, follow-up periods ranged from 6 months to 6 years, with 50% having a follow-up period of 1 year or less. Most studies reported favorable outcomes, although 36% used subjective measures. There was a tendency for pain relief to wane after 6 months to 2 years, with patients seeking a surgical solution. Only 1 study was a randomized controlled trial (RCT).CONCLUSIONSThere are still insufficient data to support stem cell injections for back pain. Additional RCTs with long-term follow-up are necessary before statements can be made regarding the efficacy and safety.
Paracoccidioidomicose na gestação: relato de caso
Authors: Silva Tristão Larissa , Vieira Rocha Rodrigues Amanda , Gazolla Ribeiro Mariana , Barbosa Dantas Teixeira Marina , Coelho Cecato Victorino 
Published: September 2019

Introdução: a paracoccidioidomicose (PCM) é uma micose sistêmica causada pelo fungo Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. O Brasil é considerado país endêmico da doença, que afeta principalmente trabalhadores rurais adultos, do sexo masculino, em contato constante com a vegetação e solo. Objetivo: relatar o caso clínico de uma paciente gestante de 23 anos, apresentando linfadenomegalia em região cervical, supraclavicular e axilar de origem desconhecida, moradora de área urbana em Juiz de Fora – MG e seguimento de diagnóstico e tratamento durante período de internação em unidade hospitalar. Relato de caso: as informações foram obtidas por meio de revisão do prontuário a partir da assinatura do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido, entrevista com a paciente, registro fotográfico dos métodos diagnósticos aos quais a paciente foi submetida e revisão da literatura; realizada biópsia do linfonodo acometido, obtendo o laudo histopatológico de Paracoccidioidomicose. Terapêutica medicamentosa específica foi administrada em regime hospitalar e o quadro sintomático da paciente prosseguiu com involução. A paciente segue em acompanhamento em pré-natal na unidade, não observando, até o momento, repercussões materno-fetais ao uso da Anfotericina B, prosseguindo assim, com involução do quadro. Conclusão: verificou-se que a Paracoccidioidomicose na gravidez deve ser abordada clinicamente de forma atenta e enérgica tendo em vista minimizar ou tornar nulas as repercussões materno-fetais graves.
Aforismos da Autonomia:
Authors: Lira Augusto 
Published: September 2019

O presente estudo busca reconstruir a trajetória do nutricionista escocês John Boyd Orr, a partir do ano de 1942, período em que ele esteve na América por ocasião dos debates acerca da criação do Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Busca-se demonstrar como a história deste intelectual se entrelaça com a do “destino”de uma época, visando compreender e tornar visível os arranjos de uma nova cultura alimentar em foros diplomáticos internacionais, sobretudo, situando a questão da fome, da saúde pública e da agricultura no epicentro de uma reorganização econômica pós-Segunda Guerra.
Os moços da areia contra o barão:
Authors: Da Silva Machado Laryssa 
Published: September 2019

O presente artigo pretende abordar os conflitos políticos que aconteciam em Itapemirim, região sul da Província do Espírito Santo, durante a segunda metade do século XIX. Fazendeiros da região ocupavam cargos políticos na Província e mantinham contato com pessoas importantes na Corte. Assim, os partidos locais, Macucos e Arraias, se alinharam respectivamente aos Conservadores e Liberais na segunda metade dos Oitocentos, e seus líderes estavam envolvidos em denúncias sobre tráfico de escravos na Corte. Os conflitos entre o Coronel João Nepomuceno Gomes Bittencourt, líder do partido dos Macucos/Conservadores, e Joaquim Marcelino da Silva Lima, o Barão de Itapemirim, líder dos Arraias/Liberais, repercutiu até na visita do Imperador a Província. Também utilizavam os jornais para discutirem suas ideias.
İlköğretimde Okuyan Öğrencilerin Ailelerinin Diş Sağlığına Yönelik Bilgi Düzeylerinin Değerlendirilmesi: Pilot Çalışma
Authors: KAYA Gülsüm , HALICI Rasime Öznur , KAYIN Arzu , ÇOBAN Metin , TRABZON Şeyma , KÖSEOĞLU Merve , ALTINDİŞ Selma 
Published: September 2019

Amaç: Günümüzde diş çürükleri ve periodontal hastalıklar başta
gelen halk sağlığı problemlerindendir. Çocuğun diş sağlığı davranışlarının
geliştirilmesinde diş hekimine olduğu kadar aileye de görevler düşmektedir.
Çalışmada ilköğretim okullarında (İÖO) eğitim gören öğrencilerin velilerinin
diş sağlığına yönelik bilgi düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı olarak planlanan çalışma, gerekli yasal
izinler sonrası, 01 - 30 Nisan 2014 tarihlerinde Sakarya Arifiye ilçesine bağlı
ilkokullarda okuyan öğrencilerin velileri ile yapıldı. Araştırmacılar
tarafından literatürden yararlanılarak oluşturulan 22 soruluk anket formunun,
çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden toplam 288 veli tarafından doldurulması istendi.
Veriler SPSS 21 istatistik programında analiz edildi, p&lt;0.05 anlamlı kabul
edildi.

Bulgular: Katılımcıların 268’i(%93.0) kadın, 20’si(%7) erkek olup
yaş ortalaması 35.6 ± 8.5 (18-79) yıldı. Görüşülen velilerin 178’i(%61.8)
ilköğretim, 60’ı(%20.8) ortaöğretim, 12’si(%4) önlisans, 38’i(%13.2) lisans
mezunuydu. Diş fırçalama şekli sorulduğunda;
35’i(%12.1) sağa-sola fırçalama, 68’i(%23.6) yukarı-aşağı fırçalama,
180’i(%62.5) sağ sol, yukarı aşağı ve dairesel fırçalama yöntemleriyle
dişlerini fırçalarken 5’i dişlerini nasıl fırçaladığını bilmiyordu. Diş bakımı
için velilerden 215’i(%74.6) diş fırçası, 33’ü(%11.7) kürdan, 26’sı(%9.0) diş
ipi, 5’i diğer yöntemler kullanırken 9’u hiç diş bakım materyali
kullanmamaktaydı. Velilerin
7’si(%2.4) kendi diş eti sağlığını çok kötü,
37’si(%12.8) kötü, 121’i(%42.0) orta, 78’i(%27.0) iyi, 16’sı(%5.5) çok iyi
olarak tanımlarken; 29’unun(%10.0) kendi diş eti sağlığı hakkında fikri yoktu. Diş eti kanamasının nedenine 108’i(%37.5) bilmiyorum
cevabı verirken; 80’i(%27.7) diş eti çekilmesi, 87’si(%30.2) diş eti
iltihaplanması, 13’ü(%4.5) sağlıklı diş etine bağlı olduğunu ifade etti. Diş eti plağını 103’ü(%35.7) bilmezken;
109’u(%37.8) diş yüzeyindeki taşlar, 51’i(%17.7) diş yüzeyindeki tabaka,
25’i(%8.6) diş yüzeyindeki renklenme olarak belirtti. Kalıcı dişler ne zaman
çıkar sorusuna; 35’i(%12.1) 3 yaş, 159’si(%55.2) 6 yaş, 52’si(%17.0) 10 yaş,
37’si(%12.8) 12 yaş, 5’i bilmiyorum cevabını verdi. “Diş hekimi kontrolü neden
önemlidir?” sorusuna 57’si(%19.7) erken teşhis, 145’i(%50.3) diş sağlığının
korunması, 66’sı(%22.9) genel sağlığın korunması, 9’u(%3.0) ucuz ve kolay
tedavi nedeni cevabını verirken 11’i konu hakkında fikri olmadığını ifade etti.

Sonuç: Çalışmamızda, ailelerin diş eti hastalıkları, diş plağı,
kalıcı dişlerin çıkma süresi konularında yeterli bilgiye sahip olmadıkları
görüldü. Oral hijyenin bilinmesi, sağlanması ve sürdürülmesi amacıyla
velilerinde eğitim süreçlerine dahil edilmesi ve konuyla ilgili erişkin eğitim
planlamaları ile bilgi düzeylerinin artması gerekliliği düşünülmüştür.
Doğal Atık Malzemelerle Yeni NBR Bazlı Bileşiklerin Hazırlanması ve Karakterizasyonu
Authors: BÜLBÜL Şaban 
Published: September 2019

Bu çalışmada, Nitril-Butadien
Kauçuğu (NBR) esaslı Genel (FKK0) bir
referans kauçuk bileşiği içerisine,
karbürize edilmiş fındık kabuğu külünden (FKK) % 0- % 10- % 15 ve % 20
oranlarında ilave edilerek, 4 faklı bileşik hazırlanmıştır. Vulkanizasyon
sonrasında bileşiklerin sertlik, yoğunluk, kopma dayanımı, kopma uzaması,
yırtılma dayanımı ve çaprazbağ yoğunlukları ölçülmüştür. Çaprazbağ yoğunluğunun
mekanik özellikler üzerine etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Karbürize edilmiş
fındıkkabuğu külü ilave edilen bileşiklerin özellikleri, hem kendi aralarında
hem de FKK0 bileşiğiyle karşılaştırılmıştır. Karbürize edilmiş fındıkkabuğu
külü, bileşiklerin maliyetini önemli ölçüde düşürmüştür. Artan çaprazbağ yoğunluğu ile bileşiklerin
sertliğinde artışa neden olmakla birlikte, kopma dayanımı ve kopma uzamasında
avantaj sağladığı görülmüştür. Artan fındıkkabuğu külünün yoğunluğu arttırdığı
tespit edilmiştir. Kırık yüzey morfolojilerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla,
bileşiklerin kopma yüzeyleri Taramalı Elektron Mikroskobu (SEM) ile karakterize
edilmiştir. SEM görüntüleri incelendiğinde dolgu miktarının artmasıyla kauçuk
matris içerisindeki dağılımının homojenliğin bozulduğu da görülmüştür.
A Comparison between Word Tree Branch Method and Interactive Word Wall to Improve Studentâ€™s Vocabulary
Authors: Purnamasari Ribka , Katemba Caroline Victorine , Panjaitan Nelson B. 
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this study is to find out the improvement of studentsâ€™ vocabulary between those who were taught through WTB (Word Tree Branch) or IWW (Interactive Word Wall).Â This study used quantitative research method and comparative design by using pre-test and post-test. This study was designed to find out the answer to the following question: Is there any significant difference on the studentsâ€™ vocabulary improvement between those who were taught through Word Tree Branch method and those who were taught through Interactive Word Wall method? The sample of this study are, two classes in grade VIII of SMPN 1 Parongpong, Bandung. They were divided into two classes, grade VIII H experienced Interactive word Wall and grade VIII J experienced Word Tree Branch. The instrument used for this study is vocabulary test, which contain 40 questions. The result of this study shows that the students who acquire WTB or IWW method were improved for their vocabulary, vocabulary categorized as â€œmoderateâ€ but there is no significant difference between those two groups of students â€˜vocabulary improvement. Â Keywords: WTB (Word Tree Branch) and IWW (Interactive Word Wall) Â
The Application of Process Approach in Enhancing Paragraph Writing Skills of SMA Negeri 1 Lembang
Authors: Situngkir Debby Anelia 
Published: September 2019

Enhancing paragraph writing skill of students addresses the issues of writing. To see the paragraph writing skill enhancement of students and finding out the significant difference in paragraph writing skill enhancement between students acquired Individual Process Approach and students acquired Collaborative Process Approach are the aims of this research. To get the aims of this research used quantitative research. Also, researcher conducted paragraph writing pre-test and post-test, as an instrument, to 64 second year students of SMA Negeri 1 Lembang. Then researcher analyzed students’ pre-test and post-test achievement by using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS). The results are paragraph writing skills of students enhanced and there is significant difference in paragraph writing skill enhancement between students acquired Individual Process Approach and students acquired Collaborative Process Approach. It implies that Process Approach enhance paragraph writing skill of students.
Building 10th Grade Students’ Vocabulary through Reading the Newspaper at SMK 45 Lembang
Authors: Parilia Rafael Randy , Katemba Caroline V. 
Published: September 2019

Using newspaper either printed or online as a medium of English learning is a unique way to stimulate students’ interest in reading since most of the students at this age have dropped their interest in reading resulting their lack of English vocabulary. The researcher decided to use the newspaper as a medium to build students’ vocabulary. The researcher chose a group of participants from a group of 10th-grade students in SMK 45 Lembang, which are class XB and Class XE. The school gave these two classes as the samples because they believed each class has relatively equal knowledge and cognitive abilities. In this study, researchers randomly selected from the two classes to be used as a sample for the Control and Experimental Class. As a result, researchers found class XE as Control class and XB as the Experimental class. The study lasted for a full month, in which each class received different treatment. As a result, the Gain value of Experimental class is higher than the Control class. Moreover, based on the result of the data analysis with the Mann-Whitney U test method, it showed that there were significant differences in Students’ Vocabulary growth, between Control class and Experimental class. Based on the calculation of Non-parametric Mann- Whitney U test, the gain data between Experimental Class and Control Class show the value of Asymp Sig. (0.000), Zα (0.05) and the value of Z (4.847). Z α (1.96). Therefore, the researcher can conclude that the method of using newspaper as a teaching material has a positive impact on the absorption and growth in students’ vocabulary.
Keywords: vocabulary achievement, reading, newspaper