bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
General practitioners' knowledge, attitudes, and experiences of managing behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia: A mixed‐methods systematic review
Authors: Jennings Aisling A. , Foley Tony , Walsh Kieran A. , Coffey Alice , Browne John P. , Bradley Colin P. 
Published: June 2018

ObjectivesTo synthesise the existing published literature on general practitioners (GP)'s knowledge, attitudes, and experiences of managing behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) with a view to informing future interventions.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and synthesis of quantitative and qualitative studies that explored GPs' experiences of managing BPSD (PROSPERO protocol registration CRD42017054916). Seven electronic databases were searched from inception to October 2017. Each stage of the review process involved at least 2 authors working independently. The meta‐ethnographic approach was used to synthesise the findings of the included studies while preserving the context of the primary data. The Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research (CERQual) was used to assess the confidence in our individual review findings.ResultsOf the 1638 articles identified, 76 full texts were reviewed and 11 were included. Three main concepts specific to GPs' experiences of managing BPSD emerged: unmet primary care resource needs, justification of antipsychotic prescribing, and the pivotal role of families. A “line of argument” was drawn, which described how in the context of resource limitations a therapeutic void was created. This resulted in GPs being over reliant on antipsychotics and family caregivers. These factors appeared to culminate in a reactive response to BPSD whereby behaviours and symptoms could escalate until a crisis point was reached.ConclusionThis systematic review offers new insights into GPs' perspectives on the management of BPSD and will help to inform the design and development of interventions to support GPs managing BPSD.
Definition of disease‐progression risk stratification in untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia using combined clinical, molecular and virological variables
Authors: Qin Shuchao , Fan Lei , Liang Jinhua , Gale Robert , Miao Yi , Wu Yujie , Wang Rong , Yang Hui , Wu Wei , Xia Yi , Wu Jiazhu , Zhu Huayuan , Wang Li , Xu Wei , Li Jianyong 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPrognoses of persons with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) including time‐to‐therapy (TTT) and survival is heterogeneous. Risk factors and predictive scoring systems are mostly developed in persons of predominately European descent with CLL. Whether these systems accurately predict TTT and survival of Han Chinese with CLL is unknown. We interrogated clinical and laboratory data from 334 newly diagnosed, untreated Chinese CLL without treatment indication upon diagnosis to identify variables associated with TTT and develop a prognostic score. Binet stage, blood lymphocyte level, TP53 abnormality, unmutated IGHV, prior HBV, and EBV infections were independently associated with TTT in multivariate analyses. We constructed a prognostic score dividing subjects into cohorts with low, intermediate, and high risk from diagnosis to TTT. Median TTTs were 139 months (range, 85‐189 months), 25 months (12‐38 months), and 4 months (1‐7 months; P‐value for trend <0.001). We identified variables associated with TTT in Chinese with CLL with no treatment indication and developed a predictive model for survival. Some variables associated with TTT are similar to those of persons of predominately European descent, whereas others, such as HBV and/or EBV infections, operate in Chinese and Europeans but are not currently included in prognostic and predictive staging systems in persons of European descent. They should be investigated.
Pathway‐focused gene expression profiles and immunohistochemistry detection identify contrasting association of caspase 3 (CASP3) expression with prognosis in pediatric classical Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Vera‐Lozada Gabriela , Segges Priscilla , Stefanoff Claudio Gustavo , Barros Mário Henrique M. , Niedobitek Gerald , Hassan Rocio 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe search for clinically relevant molecular markers in classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is hampered by the histopathological complexity of the disease, resulting from the admixture of a small number of neoplastic Hodgkin and Reed‐Sternberg (H‐RS) cells with an abundant and heterogeneous microenvironment. In this study, we evaluated gene expression profiles of 11 selected genes previously proposed as a molecular score for adult cHL, aiming to validate its application in the pediatric setting. Assays were performed by RT‐qPCR from formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) lymph nodes in 80 patients with cHL. Selected genes were associated with cell cycle (CENPF, CDK1, CCNA2, CCNE2, and HMMR), apoptosis (BCL2, BCL2L1, and CASP3), and monocytes/macrophages (LYZ and STAT1). Despite using controlled preanalytical and analytical strategies, we were not able to validate the 11‐gene score to be applied in pediatric cHL. Principal component analysis (PCA) disclosed 3 components that accounted for 65.7% of the total variability. The second PC included microenvironment and apoptosis genes, from which CASP3 expression was associated with a short time of progression‐free survival, which impact was maintained in the unfavorable risk group, Epstein‐Barr virus‐negative cases, and multivariate analysis (P < .05). Because this is a counterintuitive association, CASP3 active expression was assessed at the protein level in H‐RS cells by double immunohistochemistry. In contrast to the association of mRNA levels with a poor therapeutic response, a high number of cleaved CASP3+ cells were associated with longer progression‐free survival (P = .03) and overall survival (P = .002). Our results demonstrate the feasibility of using FFPE samples as RNA source for molecular prognostication, but argue against the concept of direct and wide applicability of molecular scores in cHL. We reinforce the potential of CASP3 as an interesting target to be explored in adult and pediatric cHL, and alert for its dual biological role in H‐RS cells and tumor microenvironment.
UNDERSTANDING PARENTING STRESS AND CHILDREN'S BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS AMONG HOMELESS, SUBSTANCE‐ABUSING MOTHERS
Authors: Wu Qiong , Slesnick Natasha , Murnan Aaron 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTThis article tested a model of parenting stress as a mediator between maternal depressive symptoms, emotion regulation, and child behavior problems using a sample of homeless, substance‐abusing mothers. Participants were 119 homeless mothers (ages 18–24 years) and their young children (ages 0–6 years). Mothers responded to questions about their depressive symptoms, emotion regulation, parenting stress, and child behavior problems. A path analysis showed that maternal depressive symptoms were positively associated with child behavior problems through increased parenting stress whereas maternal cognitive reappraisal was negatively associated with child behavior problems through decreased parenting stress. Moreover, maternal expressive suppression was negatively related to child externalizing problems. Findings support the parenting stress theory and highlight maternal parenting stress as a mechanism associated with homeless children's mental health risk. This study has significant implications for understanding the parenting processes underlying child's resilience in the context of homelessness and maternal substance use.
UK term structure decompositions at the zero lower bound
Authors: Carriero Andrea , Mouabbi Sarah , Vangelista Elisabetta 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThis paper employs a zero lower bound (ZLB) consistent shadow‐rate model to decompose UK nominal yields into expectation and term premium components. Compared to a standard affine term structure model, it performs relatively better in a ZLB setting by capturing the stylized facts of the yield curve. The ZLB model is then exploited to estimate inflation expectations and risk premiums. This entails jointly pricing and decomposing nominal and real UK yields. We find evidence that medium‐ and long‐term inflation expectations are contained within narrower bounds since the early 1990s, suggesting monetary policy credibility improved after the introduction of inflation targeting.
Application of tissue‐engineered pericardial patch in rat models of myocardial infarction
Authors: Kameli Seyedeh Maryam , Khorramirouz Reza , Eftekharzadeh Sahar , Fendereski Kiarad , Daryabari Seyedeh Sima , Tavangar Seyed Mohammad , Kajbafzadeh Abdol‐Mohammad 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMyocardial infarction (MI) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in industrialized societies. Myocardial tissue engineering is an alternative and promising approach for substituting injured myocardium through development and seeding of appropriate scaffolds. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of using an acellular pericardium to deliver autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to the infarcted site for regeneration of the myocardium. MI was induced in two groups of rats; G1 or MI group, and G2 or patch‐implanted group. In G2 group, rats had undergone transplantation of a pericardial patch which was previously seeded with adipose tissue derived MSCs. To evaluate the efficacy of the pericardial patches, biopsies were taken one month after transplantation. In order to evaluate the extent of regeneration, inflammation and fibrosis, histopathological investigations including hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Sirius Red and trichrome staining were performed. In addition, immunohistochemical investigations by Desmin as well as CD68, CD45 and CD34 antibodies were performed. Furthermore, Tunnel assay was performed to detect the extent of apoptosis. H&E assessments of biopsies from the patch‐implanted group confirmed presence of pre‐seeded pericardium containing MSCs along with neo‐vessels. Immunohistochemical assessments demonstrated higher number of CD34 positive cells and Desmin‐positive cells in the patch implanted group (p < 0.05); these findings are suggestive of cardiomyocyte regeneration in G2 rats. This study demonstrates the advantages of application of natural acellular scaffolds as cell delivery devices and it emphasizes neovascularization following this approach. However, further investigations are required to analyze long‐term cardiac function in recipients. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 2670–2678, 2018.
Optical and biological properties of polymer‐based nanocomposites with improved dispersion of ceramic nanoparticles
Authors: Wetteland Cheyann Lee , Liu Huinan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis article reports a new process for creating polymer‐based nanocomposites with enhanced dispersion of ceramic nanoparticles without using any surfactants, and the resulted changes in their optical and biological properties. Specifically, dispersion of two different ceramic nanoparticles, that is, hydroxyapatite (nHA) and magnesium oxide (nMgO) nanoparticles, in a model biodegradable polymer, namely poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA), was studied. High‐power sonication was integrated with dual asymmetric centrifugal (DAC) mixing to improve dispersion of nanoparticles during solvent casting. The polymer/solvent ratio was optimized to improve nanoparticle dispersion in the multistep processing, including enhancing the efficacy of sonication and DAC mixing and reducing nanoparticle sedimentation during solvent‐casting. Microstructural characterization confirmed that this new process improved nanoparticle dispersion in nMgO/PLGA and nHA/PLGA nanocomposites. Improved nanoparticle dispersion increased the optical transparency visually and optical transmission quantitatively for both nHA/PLGA and nMgO/PLGA nanocomposites. Improved dispersion of nanoparticles improved the adhesion of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on nHA/PLGA but decreased BMSC viability on nMgO/PLGA. This difference is likely because the chemistry of nHA and nMgO had different effects on BMSCs. This study provided a new process for enhancing dispersion of ceramic nanoparticles in a polymer matrix and revealed the effects of dispersion on optical properties and cell responses, which are valuable for engineering optimal ceramic/polymer nanocomposites for different biomedical applications. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 2692–2707, 2018.
Mixed methods in psychotherapy research: A review of method(ology) integration in psychotherapy science
Authors: Bartholomew Theodore T. , Lockard Allison J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveMixed methods can foster depth and breadth in psychological research. However, its use remains in development in psychotherapy research. Our purpose was to review the use of mixed methods in psychotherapy research.MethodThirty‐one studies were identified via the PRISMA systematic review method. Using Creswell & Plano Clark's typologies to identify design characteristics, we assessed each study for rigor and how each used mixed methods.ResultsKey features of mixed methods designs and these common patterns were identified: (a) integration of clients’ perceptions via mixing; (b) understanding group psychotherapy; (c) integrating methods with cases and small samples; (d) analyzing clinical data as qualitative data; and (e) exploring cultural identities in psychotherapy through mixed methods.ConclusionThe review is discussed with respect to the value of integrating multiple data in single studies to enhance psychotherapy research.
Pharmacology of Antiretrovirals in the Female Genital Tract for HIV Prevention
Authors: Nicol Melanie R. , Corbino Joseph A. , Cottrell Mackenzie L. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPreexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a powerful tool that, as part of a comprehensive prevention package, has potential to significantly impact the HIV epidemic. PrEP effectiveness is believed to be dependent on the exposure and efficacy of antiretrovirals at the site of HIV transmission. Clinical trial results as well as modeling and simulation indicate the threshold of adherence required for PrEP efficacy of emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate may differ between sites of HIV transmission with less forgiveness for missed doses in women exposed through genital tissue compared to people exposed through colorectal tissue. This suggests a role for local and host factors to influence mucosal pharmacology. Here we review the mucosal pharmacology of antiretrovirals in the female genital tract and explore potential determinants of PrEP efficacy. Host factors such as inflammation, coinfections, hormonal status, and the vaginal microbiome will be explored as well as the role of drug‐metabolizing enzymes and transporters in regulating local drug exposure. The use of preclinical and early clinical models to predict clinical effectiveness is also discussed.
Nicotine treatment ameliorates DSS-induced colitis by suppressing MAdCAM-1 expression and leukocyte recruitment
Authors: Maruta Koji , Watanabe Chikako , Hozumi Hideaki , Kurihara Chie , Furuhashi Hirotaka , Takajo Takeshi , Okada Yoshikiyo , Shirakabe Kazuhiko , Higashiyama Masaaki , Komoto Shunsuke , Tomita Kengo , Nagao Shigeaki , Ishizuka Toshiaki , Miura Soichiro , Hokari Ryota 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The enhanced recruitment of leukocytes to the inflamed colon is a key feature of ulcerative colitis (UC). The gut-specific adhesion molecules involved in leukocyte recruitment have emerged as recent therapeutic targets. Nicotine absorbed from smoking has been reported to work protectively in UC patients. Our hypothesis is that nicotine may suppress the aberrant leukocyte recruitment and colonic inflammation via the suppression of the overexpressed gut-specific adhesion molecules in the inflamed colon. To test this hypothesis, the severity of colitis and the degree of leukocyte recruitment induced by gut-specific adhesion molecules were assessed in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) colitis mice (C57BL/6J mice treated with 3% DSS) with or without nicotine treatment. We also studied the in vitro changes in the expression of adhesion molecules by using a vascular endothelial cell line. DSS-induced colitis was accompanied by increases in disease activity index (DAI), histological score, recruitment of leukocytes, and the expression of adhesion molecules, mucosal vascular addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1) and VCAM-1. Nicotine treatment significantly attenuated MAdCAM-1 expression, leukocyte recruitment, DAI, and histological score. The expression of β7-integrin, the ligand for MAdCAM-1, on leukocytes was not affected by nicotine treatment. In vitro study, the TNF-α-enhanced mRNA expression of MAdCAM-1 was reduced by the coadministration of nicotine in a dose-dependent manner, possibly via nicotinic receptor activation. These results supported our hypothesis that nicotine treatment ameliorated colitis through the suppression of MAdCAM-1 expression on the microvessels in the inflamed colon. Further investigation is warranted on the role of nicotine in the treatment of UC.
Nicotine ameliorated the over-expressed MAdCAM-1 and inhibited leukocyte recruitment in murine colitis.
Characterization of monocytic and granulocytic subsets of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells in blood donors with occult hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Zhang Weiyun , Huang Jieting , Wang Min , Song Dandan , Liao Qiao , Rong Xia , Li Tingting , Allain Jean‐Pierre , Ren Guangli , Fu Yongshui , Li Chengyao 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMyeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) accumulate from many diseases. MDSCs are rarely explored in occult hepatitis B virus infection (OBI). The frequency of monocytic MDSCs (M‐MDSCs) and granulocytic MDSCs (G‐MDSCs) in OBI carriers was analyzed for correlation with clinical parameters, which was no different between OBI and healthy individuals, whereas the frequency of M‐MDSCs but G‐MDSCs in OBI was significantly lower than that observed in chronic hepatitis B carriers (0.4% vs 0.7%, P = 0.0004). The frequency of MDSCs was not correlated with clinical parameters and viral load of OBI, suggesting that the absence of HBsAg in OBI carriers might not induce the accumulation of MDSCs.
Scavenger Receptor A‐Mediated Targeting of Carboxylated Polyrotaxanes to Macrophages and the Impacts of Supramolecular Structure
Authors: Matsui Hideto , Tamura Atsushi , Osawa Mamoru , Tonegawa Asato , Arisaka Yoshinori , Matsumura Mitsuaki , Miura Hiroyuki , Yui Nobuhiko 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBecause macrophages are involved in the pathology of many diseases, targeting delivery of therapeutic molecules to macrophages is important issue. Polyrotaxanes (PRXs) composed of multiple cyclodextrins threaded with a linear polymer were utilized as a therapeutic agent for metabolic disease and for regulating cellular metabolism. For targeting delivery of PRXs to macrophages, carboxyethyl ether group‐modified PRXs (CEE‐PRXs) are designed for promoting interaction to macrophage scavenger receptor class A (SR‐A). The cellular internalization of anionic CEE‐PRXs in SR‐A‐positive macrophage‐like cells (RAW264.7) is remarkably higher than that of nonionic PRX, whereas the cellular internalization efficiency in SR‐A‐negative cells is comparable between anionic and nonionic PRX. Furthermore, the molecular weight of axle polymer and the number of CEE groups modified on PRX are found to be the predominant factors governing cellular internalization efficiency in SR‐A‐positive RAW264.7 cells. Thus, CEE‐PRXs are a promising design for targeting delivery of PRXs to macrophages.
Endothelialization and Anticoagulation Potential of Surface‐Modified PET Intended for Vascular Applications
Authors: Giol Elena Diana , Van Vlierberghe Sandra , Unger Ronald E. , Schaubroeck David , Ottevaere Heidi , Thienpont Hugo , Kirkpatrick Charles James , Dubruel Peter 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn vascular tissue engineering, great attention is paid to the immobilization of biomolecules onto synthetic grafts to increase bio‐ and hemocompatibility—two critical milestones in the field. The surface modification field of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), a well‐known vascular‐graft material, is matured and oversaturated. Nevertheless, most developed methods are laborious multistep procedures generally accompanied by coating instability or toxicity issues. Herein, a straightforward surface modification procedure is presented engineered to simultaneously promote surface endothelialization and anticoagulation properties via the covalent immobilization of gelatin through a photoactivated azide derivative. A complete physicochemical characterization and biological study including cytotoxicity and endotoxin testing are performed. In addition, biocompatibility toward small (diameter ≤ 6 mm) and/or large caliber (diameter ≥ 6 mm) vessels is assessed by micro‐ and macrovascular endothelial cell assays. Superior bio‐ and hemocompatibility properties are seen for the gelatin‐covalently modified PET surfaces compared to the conventional surface‐modification procedures based on physisorption.
Low dimensional instability for quasilinear problems of weighted exponential nonlinearity
Authors: Le Phuong 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe prove a sharp Liouville type theorem for stable solutions of the equation
urn:x-wiley:0025584X:media:mana201700260:mana201700260-math-0002on the entire Euclidean space , where and f is a continuous and nonnegative function in such that as , where and . Our theorem holds true for and is sharp in the case .
Classification of the relative positions between a circular hyperboloid of one sheet and a sphere
Authors: Brozos‐Vázquez M. , Pereira‐Sáez M. J. , Souto‐Salorio M. J. , Tarrío‐Tobar A. D. 
Published: June 2018

We characterize all possible relative positions between a circular hyperboloid of one sheet and a sphere through the roots of a characteristic polynomial associated to these quadrics.As an application, this provides a method to detect contact between the 2 surfaces by a simple calculation in many real world applications.
Prospective: Is bipolar disorder being overdiagnosed?
Authors: Kelly Tammas 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectivesMany studies indicate that bipolar disorders are underdiagnosed. Yet from 2007 to 2008, a series of publications asserted that bipolar disorders were being overdiagnosed. This review examines the methods used in the studies that reported bipolar disorders were being overdiagnosed.MethodsA literature search for studies with original data related to overdiagnosis of bipolar disorders was performed.ResultsFour studies were found indicating bipolar disorders were being overdiagnosed. The Structured Clinical Interview of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (SCID) was used in the diagnostic process. The studies compared the clinical diagnosis of bipolar disorder to a single SCID interview without interviewing family or reviewing old records. The studies assumed the SCID diagnosis was correct.ConclusionsNumerous concerns were found. The SCID frequently missed diagnosis of bipolar, the definitions of bipolar disorder are so narrow and conservative that the outcomes of the studies may have been predetermined. Ultimately, the studies compared the strength of a diagnosis made by a treating psychiatrist to a SCID diagnosis collected with virtually no information from the clinician. The assumption that the SCID diagnosis is always correct and the clinician is always wrong is unsupportable. The premise that bipolar disorders are being overdiagnosed is unsupported by reasonable science.