bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of phosphate replacement with natural alternatives in chicken patties as a novel approach
Authors: Tabak D , Abadi E , Serdaroglu M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Polyphosphates are known to increase both the amount of bound water and the strength of the meat particle-particle binding in processed meat products. However, several health risks related to dietary phosphate intake are driving the meat industry to improve product formulations (less phosphate) and to search for alternative phosphate replacers. The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of using eggshell powder as a phosphate replacer on some quality characteristics of chicken patties. Chicken patties were subjected to four treatments, as follows: control contained 0.5% sodium tripolyphosphate; 0.5% eggshell powder; 0.5% eggshell powder+0.25% pectin, and; 0.5% eggshell powder+0.25% carrageenan. Chemical composition, technological parameters and sensory properties were evaluated in all patties. Total moisture, protein, fat and ash in uncooked/cooked patties were in the range of 72.20-75.24%, 13.84-15.39%, 8.14-10.87% and 2.71-3.14%, and 68.59-72.33%, 15.11-18.12% and 8.36-10.99%, respectively. The patties with 0.5% eggshell powder+0.25% carrageenan had the highest water holding capacity and cooking efficiency percentage in relation to pH among the patties studied. The results show the combination of eggshell powder with pectin or carrageenan could be an alternative additive for phosphate-free meat products.
Profile of dry sausages traditionally prepared in Pirot, eastern Serbia
Authors: Tasic A , Mitrovic T , Nesic K , Pavlovic M , Kureljusic J 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The aims of this study were to determine the nutritional composition (moisture, protein and total fat) of peglana sausages produced in eastern Serbia and to analyze the composition of fatty acids. Determination of fatty acid composition in the sausages was performed after ripening and after 20 days of storage. Also, a sample preparation method for fatty acid analysis after simultaneous microwave-assisted extraction-esterification was implemented and results were compared with conventional extraction. The results obtained show peglana sausages have high contents of proteins and saturated fatty acids, but no nitrite; the lack of nitrite makes these sausages a suitable product for consumers trying to avoid this additive. The good agreement between results provided by both fat extraction methods demonstrates the usefulness of both methods as routine methods for the treatment of meat samples prior to fatty acid analysis.
The influences of salt replacers on the antioxidative activity of pork
Authors: Tunieva E К , Kotenkova E A , Nasonova V V 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Lowering salt intake is of great importance for reducing blood pressure and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this research was to study the effects of salt replacers on the antioxidative activity of meat. The treatments were formulated with minced pork muscles that were salted with 2.0% salt (control) or different salt mixtures with reduced sodium content (composition 1 – 1.0 % NaCl + 1.2% KCl (experiment 1), composition 2 – 1.0% NaCl + 0.6% KCl + 0.8% CaCl2 (experiment 2)). After 24 hours of curing, the total antioxidative activity of the antioxidant enzymes was measured. The use of potassium chloride instead of half the sodium chloride did not lead to a significant change in the total antioxidative activity, nor in the activities of glutathione peroxidase and catalase; however, it induced a decrease in the activity of superoxide dismutase (p<0.05). Addition of composition 2 led to a reduction in the total antioxidative activity by 17.7%, and inhibited the activity of superoxide dismutase by 23.8% (p<0.05). The obtained results of the negative effect of the compositions of sodium, potassium and calcium salts suggest the need to develop approaches that allow inhibition of the oxidative changes in meat products with reduced sodium content.
Bacterial populations and volatile organic compounds associated with meat spoilage
Authors: Yushina Yu K , Bataeva D S , Zaiko E V , Machova A A , Velebit B 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The aim of the study was to detect volatile organic compounds acting as markers of spoilage for raw chilled beef stored under vacuum at 4 °C for 15 days. We also determined the relationship of the volatile compounds with microbial and organoleptic properties associated with shelf life. Volatile organic compounds were analysed by multisensory analysis using an electronic nose sensor. Increasing aldehydes, ketones, and alcohols were measured in beef during the storage period. An increase in volatile chemical compounds during storage was correlated with an increased level of Lactobacillus, the predominant group of microorganisms on the beef at the end of the study. Maximum concentrations of volatile chemical compounds were determined at the end of the shelf life of the stored beef. Lactic acid bacteria were the main microorganisms that caused spoilage and are suitable for predicting the shelf life of raw chilled vacuum packaged beef using the electronic nose device at the threshold of 5.0-6.0 log CFU/g.
Expression and antibody preparation of Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier (SUMO) from Aspergillus flavus
Authors: Wu W Z , Ahmad S , Wang S , Zhang Y F , Yang H , Wang S H , Wang Y 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Aspergillus flavus is a ubiquitous filamentous fungus, which contaminates crops, also causes severe disease in animals. The well conserved representative of the ubiquitin-like family SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier) is associated with the superfamily of ubiquitin-like polypeptides. In this study, the recombinant protein SUMO from A. flavus was cloned and expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3). The protein was purified by nickel column affinity chromatography method and identified by mass spectrometry with molar mass was 10296 Da. The yield of recombinant protein was > 90% pure. The SUMO protein was immunized into BALB/c mice, and its potency was measured by western blot. The predicted superposition model of SUMO protein was analyzed by ITASEER server. These results indicated that SUMO proteins and its polyclonal antibody might provide scientific basis to study the SUMOylation in A. flavus.
Effects of rhus typhina and robinia pseudoacacia on physicochemical properties of saline soil in Dagang Area, Tianjin
Authors: Liu Y , Liu H Q , Liang F H , Shi Y Y , Liu X L 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In order to explore the effect of using two different afforestation tree species to improve soil in coastal saline-alkali land, the method of combining field sampling and indoor analysis and test was adopted. The physical and chemical properties of soils planted with Rhus typhina and Robinia pseudoacacia forest were determined. The results showed that afforestation could improve soil structure, decrease soil bulk density and increase soil fertility. To reduce soil salinization, the soil physical and chemical indexes of Robinia pseudoacacia plantation were better than those of growing Rhus typhina forest, so the planting area of Robinia pseudoacacia plantation in Dagang area could be increased. Planting Rhus typhina forest could also improve the soil in this area, but its effect was lower than planting Robinia pseudoacacia plantation.
Effect of intercropping peonies under walnut trees for growth and development of roots in two kinds of soil
Authors: Xu R , Wang Z J , Luo Y , Zhang N , Liang C , Zhu G P 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
To increase the economic benefit and to reduce the cost at early stages of walnut (Juglans regia L.) cultivation, the interaction of roots between walnut cultivar Zhongsong No. 1 and peony (Paeonia ostii T. Hong & J. X. Zhang) was studied. The growth rhythm per year and the vertical and horizontal distribution of roots were measured. Statistically evaluated data for five consecutive years of study using a random sampling method at yellow-brown and red soil types were presented. The results showed that walnut had three root growth peaks per year, whereas peony had two peaks. At vertical distribution of roots, walnut was concentrated under 40 cm and peony under 20 cm of soil. At vertical distribution of roots, walnut was concentrated 40 -120 cm far from the tree, but peony was 20 -60 cm. We are confident that the root growth and development when intercropping of peony was carried out under walnut trees was alternating and the negative influence was low. So, the cultivation model of “intercropping peony under walnut trees” was suitable at the Luoyang area, Henan province, but the cultivation distance ought to be at 120 -180 cm.
The effect of salt stress on the growth of 3 species of Nitraria seedlings
Authors: Shi Y Y , Yang J H , Liu T , Zhang Z W , Mu K , Liang F H , Liu Y 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In order to compare the salt tolerance of the three species of Nitraria, NaCl with different concentrations was used to stress the Nitraria seedlings. The results showed that salt treatment had different effects on the growth of Nitraria; The inhibiting effect of salt stress on the growth of plant height was in the order of Nitraria tangutorum Bobr>Nitraria roborowskii Kom>Nitraria sibirica Pall; Salt stress caused a rapid decrease in the number of leaves of Nitraria tangutorum Bobr and the number of leaves of Nitraria sibirica Pal rapidly decreased when the salt concentration was greater than 6%, while the relative number of leaves of Nitraria roborowskii Kom significantly decreased when the salt concentration was 15%; With the increase of salt concentration, the order of relative reduction of stem diameter was Nitraria tangutorum Bobr>Nitraria roborowskii Kom>Nitraria sibirica Pall; With the increase of salt concentration, the relative leaf area decreased significantly in the order of Nitraria tangutorum Bobr>Nitraria sibirica Pall>Nitraria roborowskii Kom; With the increase of salt concentration, there was no significant difference between the dry weight and fresh weight of Nitraria roborowskii Kom, but there were significant changes between Nitraria tangutorum Bobr and Nitraria sibirica Pal. According to the comprehensive membership function analysis, the salt tolerance of Nitraria roborowskii Kom was the best, followed by that of Nitraria sibirica Pal, and that of Nitraria tangutorum Bobr was the worst.
Simple, rapid and cost-effective DNA extraction method for high quality DNA suitable for PCR based downstream application in mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]
Authors: Pookhamsak P , Pornbungkerd P , Tantasawat P A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Mungbean is a widely cultivated pulse crop. It is a source of high-quality protein for human consumption. Several new mungbean varieties have been developed employing molecular breeding tools. The quality and quantity of extracted DNA are very important for PCR amplification, particularly for the inter-simple sequence repeat-anchored resistance gene analog (ISSR-RGA) marker. In addition, reducing the time required for DNA extraction is essential in cases when large number of genotypes are analysed. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare eight combinations of two homogenization methods (manual grinding and Bullet blender® homogenizer) and four modified DNA extraction protocols. The effectiveness of DNA extraction for PCR amplification was evaluated using 3 PCR based markers, simple sequence repeat (SSR), ISSR and ISSR-RGA, on 6% polyacrylamide gel. Using homogenizer with modified protocol 2 (T6) resulted in a high DNA concentration (1032.60 ng/μl) and an A260/A280 ratio of 1.80, indicating high DNA purity. The PCR amplification of the resulting DNA with three types of molecular markers showed clear DNA bands, suggesting that DNA quality was appropriate for various molecular studies. In addition, homogenizers allowed processing of large number of samples in one go with minimal cost. These results suggest that this simple, rapid and cost-effective DNA extraction method is useful for marker-assisted breeding.
Development status and suggestions for e-commerce platform of traditional Chinese medicine in Henan Province
Authors: Zhao L N , Liu Q R , Wang Y S 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
With the further implementation of the "Internet plus" and "healthy China 2030" national strategy, the development environment of the Chinese herbal medicine industry has improved. In order to accurately understand the development situation of Henan Province's e-commerce platform of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and promote the development of the industry of TCM, this paper investigated the planting situation of TCM, the basic situation of Chinese medicinal farmers, the demand for technical services and the use of e-commerce platform of TCM in the main planting areas of Henan Province by means of on-site visits, questionnaires and expert interviews. The results showed that the development of E-commerce of TCM in Henan Province was still in the extensive stage, and the development of E-commerce was lagged behind.Therefore, this paper put forward that Henan Province's drug administration departments should actively promulgate supporting policies to establish a standardized and modern distribution system of TCM seamlessly joined by both producers and sellers, set up public trading platform and modern logistics distribution system of TCM E-commerce, and adopt the policy of assisting agriculture by science and technology to promote the communication between farmers and technical experts.
Two-step chemical mutagen treatment to convert Fuhua 12, a normal oleic Spanish peanut cultivar, into its high oleic version
Authors: Yu S T , Wang C T , Wang H , Yu G Q , Shi P X , Ren L , Yu H B , Du Z B 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
High oleic peanut food products have proved to have better keeping quality and several health benefits. Most of the high oleic acid peanut cultivars thus far released were bred through hybridization. Breeding through mutagenesis directly provides a possibility of keeping the main agronomic characteristics from the parental cultivars/lines unchanged in the new cultivars, which is of significance to their use in commercial production. The aim of the present study was to convert Fuhua 12, a normal oleic Spanish peanut cultivar, into a high oleic version through EMS (ethyl methane sulfonate) mutagenesis. The effect of the first round of EMS treatment of Fuhua 12 on oleic acid content was limited. However, after the second round of EMS treatment, we were able to identity a high oleic plant through near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and further studies by gas chromatography and sequence comparison of the mutated type and wild type FAD2A/FAD2B genes. The mutant had the same mutations in FAD2A and FAD2B as UF435. A G448A substitution in FAD2A and an A insertion (441_442insA) in FAD2B together contribute to the high oleic phenotype of the mutant. In this study, Fuhua 12 was successfully converted into a high oleic version without changing most of the agronomic characters, demonstrating the utility of a two-step chemical mutagen treatment protocol in inducing useful mutations in the cultivated peanut. The novel method may expedite genetics and breeding studies in the cultivated peanut, and is of reference to other polyploid plant species.
Cellulase activity of Bacillus velezensis isolated from soil in a dairy farm
Authors: Narkthewan P , Makkapan W 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The aim of the present study was to isolate and screen cellulase producing bacteria from soils including characterizing the cellulase activity of the identified bacterial strain. Screening of the cellulase producing bacteria was performed on a carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) agar (pH 7.0) plate at 37°C for 3 days. Bacterial isolate, namely CC1-1, showed the highest cellulase activity on the CMC agar plate. Subsequently, it was identified as Bacillus velezensis based on 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis. Cellulase production was carried out under submerged fermentation. The maximum CMCase and FPase activity of 0.030 U/ml and 0.047 U/ml were obtained after 20 h and 32 h, respectively. The optimal pH and temperature of CMCase activity were 6.0 and 60°C, respectively. The cellulase activities were active in a broad pH and temperature range. The CMCase activity was stable at pH 6.0-7.0, 37°C for 120 min and the stability of CMCase was revealed at 50-60°C for 90 min with over 80% remaining activity. However, the optimum pH and temperature of FPase activity were 7.0 and 50°C, respectively. The FPase activity was stable at pH 6.0, 37°C for 90 min and its activity was stable at 60°C for 60 min with over 80% remaining activity. Due to its particular properties, cellulase-producing B. velezensis could be a potential candidate for the composting process.
Comparison of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline production between Aspergillus awamori and Aspergillus oryzae
Authors: Wongsadee T , Vatanyoopaisarn S , Thumthanaruk B , Puttanlek C , Uttapap D , Rungsardthong V 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline (ACPY) is a key flavor compound in fragrant rice and widely exploited in food flavoring. It is produced by various microorganisms. This study focused on ACPY production by two fungi (Aspergillus awamori and A. oryzae). The volatile compounds derived from mold cultivation in synthetic medium 18 were identified by Gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Seven volatile substances were detected in the liquid culture of A. awamori, i.e. ACPY, one ketone (1-hydroxy-2-propanone), two acids (acetic acid and 4-hydroxybutanoic acid), two alcohols (2,3-butanediol and 2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3(2H)-furanone) and one saponin glycoside (2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one). Further, 12 volatile compounds were detected in A. oryzae : ACPY, four fatty acids (tetradecanoic acid, n-hexadecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid and oleic acid), one alcohol (1-butanol), two benzenes (ethylbenzene and benzene, 1,3-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)), three alkanes (pentadecane, heptadecane and 5-methoxy-2,2,6-trimethyl-1-(3-methyl-buta-1,3-dienyl)-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0] heptane) and one sesquiterpenes (1,6-dimethyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-naphthalene). Both A. awamori and A. oryzae produced the highest amount of ACPY in the stationary phase when cultivated for 72 and 80 h, with the product yield of 0.914 and 1.323 mg/L, respectively. The supplementation with spermidine and spermine resulted in a more than fivefold increase in ACPY production by A. awamori. However, the production of ACPY by A. oryzae was lower when supplemented with spermine or spermidine than without spermine or spermidine. This indicated that the intermediates involved in ACPY production were different between these two species of fungi.
On the loss regularity of water and fertilizer in sandy soil with abundance of underground water but lack of cultivated layer
Authors: Luo Y , Yue H F , Li S H , Yi H , Zhao J H , Wuyun T N , Li F D , Zhang N , Zhao H , Zhu G P 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
To explore the loss regularity of water and fertilizer in the ancient course of the Yellow River in cultivation of Chaenomeles sinensis and Prunus armeniaca × sibirica, three water management measures were employed: mulching with plastic films (Wmp), mulching with cornstalk (Wmc) and conventional management (Wck). Meanwhile, the effects of irrigation times, namely slow-release N, P and K fertilizer (NPK SRFs), compound N, P and K fertilizer (NPK CFs), urea fertilizer (Urea Fs), and unfertilized (Fck) were studied. Results showed that the soil water content was effectively increased using Wmp and Wmc, Wmp effectively extended the water retention time and soil temperature stability. After three irrigations, NPK SRFs, NPK CFs and Urea Fs were completely lost. The compound fertilizer had a significantly higher nutrient maintenance capacity than urea. Furthermore, the application of urea had to be balanced to avoid an excessive rise in soil pH. The growth of C. sinensis and P. armeniaca × sibirica was significantly better than traditional model. It is suggested to use crop straw to maintain water levels and improve soil organic matter, and replace urea by applying a compound fertilizer in the early and late growing season in sandy soil.
The use of Akwa-Biot-Norm biogenic feed additive in the cultivation of Lena sturgeon (Acipenser baeri, Brandt)
Authors: Semenov V G , Petryankin F P , Kosyaev N I , Nikitin D A , Toboev G M , Nikitina A P , Tikhonova G P 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Growing fish in industrial conditions is accompanied by the pressure of various environmental factors on it. Any changes in the environment affect the physiological state and general resistance of the fish, resulting in reduced growth rates, resistance to adverse factors of different nature, and increased mortality. In such conditions, the issue of finding the means and methods of enhancing the protective functions of objects of breeding and cultivation is particularly relevant. Currently, the drugs that have pronounced biological activity are used to improve the functional state of the fish, as well as to increase the value of the artificial feed. In the conditions of the fish farm of LLC YUTAS of the Chuvash Republic, extensive production studies were conducted to assess the effectiveness of the use of nutrient feed additive Akwa-Biot-Norm to the Lena sturgeon, developed by scientists of the Chuvash State Agricultural Academy. Research results indicate that the use of nutrient feed additives in the technology of growing Lena sturgeon (Acipenser baeri, Brandt) has a positive effect on some fish-breeding indicators, such as growth rates and survival rates for fish, etc. Thus, the use of biogenic feed additives contributed to a significant increase in the overall weight gain of fish by 5.06% and safety by 2.6% for the period of the experiment (240 days). The results of hematological and immunological studies show a general improvement in the physiological state of the growing objects. The use of biogenic feed supplements had a positive effect on the number of erythrocytes and leukocytes, hemoglobin content, the ratio of lymphocytes and neutrophils and the concentration of total protein in blood serum. In fish, there was an increase in the level of hemoglobin in the blood, as well as an increase in the total protein content in the blood serum by 10.9% to the control indicator, which is a favorable prerequisite for optimizing metabolic processes and guaranteeing high nonspecific resistance. The application of nutrient feed additives has improved the resistance of fish to diseases associated with stress, such as saprolegnia. The conducted studies confirm the efficiency of application of nutrient feed additives Akwa-Biot-Norm for growth stimulation and disease prevention of fish due to the activation of nonspecific resistance of the organism in terms of the pressing environmental and technological stress factors.