bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphologischer Nachweis von Fibrinmonomeren im histologischen Schnitt
Authors: Bleyl U , Sebening H , Kuhn W 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungDer Alkoholtest nach Godal und Abildgaard gestattet den Nachweis plasmatischer Fibrinmonomere im klinischen Schnelltest. In vergleichenden gerinnungsanalytischen und patho-anatomischen Untersuchungen zum tierexperimentellen Sanarelli-Shwartz-man-Phänomen und seinen Modifikationen wird der Nachweis erbracht, daß niedrige Alkoholkonzentrationen auch im histologischen Schnitt zu einer Aggregation und Polymerisation präexistenter plasmatischer Fibrinmonomere führen. Im Rahmen einer generalisierten intravasalen Gerinnung mit Faktorenverbrauch auftretende Fibrinmonomere werden bei Alkoholfixierung aggregiert und in Gegenwart eines auch in vitro aktiven FSF (Faktor XIII) sekundär stabilisiert. Nach Hemmung dieser Stabilisierungsreaktion durch Benzamidin, p-Chlormercuribenzoat, Glyzin-Methyl-ester und Zystein führt niedrigprozentiger Alkohol dagegen nur zu einer Fibrinaggregation. Formalinfixierung vermag zwar Fibrinaggregate über Ausbildung von Methylenbrücken zu stabilisieren, führt indessen nicht zu einer Aggregation präexistenter Fibrinmonomere. Vergleichende Untersuchungen nach Alkohol- und Formalinfixierung gestatten damit eine Aussage über präexistente Thrombinaktivitäten und präexistente plasmatische Fibrinmonomere. Sie sind geeignet, die Aussagekraft patho-anatomischer Untersuchungen selbst bei unterschwelligen intravasalen Gerinnungs-vorgängen wesentlich zu verbessern. Fibrin- und Fibrinogenspaltprodukte haben auf die Alkohol-induzierte Aggregation präexistenter Fibrinmonomere offenbar keinen Einfluß.
Retikuloendotheliale Clearance intravasaler Fibrinmonomere in der Milz
Authors: Bleyl U , Kuhn W , Graeff H 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungThrombin induziert in Gegenwart des Fibrinolyseinhibitors Trasylol eine disseminierte intravasale Gerinnung. Das Schicksal der hierbei im Plasma auftretenden Fibrinmonomere wurde mit dem Alkoholtest zum Nachweis plasmatischer Fibrinmonomere und morphologischen Untersuchungen an alkohol- und formalinfixierten Organen verfolgt. Fibrinmonomere werden nach Alkoholfixierung bei nichtblockiertem RES als perizelluläre büschelförmige mizellare Strukturen in der Umgebung der Sinus -endothelien und Retikulumzellen der Milz sichtbar. Die perizelluläre Präzipitation wird als morphologischer Ausdruck der Oberflächenadsorption der Monomere an nicht blockierten Sinusendothelien und Retikulumzellen verständlich. Bei blockiertem RES geht diese perizelluläre Präzipitation verloren, die prolongiert im Blute kreisenden Monomere werden intravasal ohne Beziehung zu RES-Zellen durch Alkohol geliert und als kondensierte Präzipitate sichtbar. Sie lassen sich dann morphologisch nicht mehr von typischen fibrinreichen intravasalen Gerinnseln unterscheiden. In Formalin -schnitten werden dagegen ausschließlich bereits in vivo hochpolymere Fibrinformen erfaßbar. Mit dem lichtmikroskopischen Nachweis artefiziell aggregierter Fibrinmonomere an der Oberfläche der Zellen des retikuloendothelialen Systems der Milz schlagen die vorliegenden Untersuchungen eine Brücke zwischen den laborchemischen Befunden am Plasma bei Verbrauchsreaktionen und elektronenmikroskopischen Ergebnissen.
Evidence for the Existence of Foetal Fibrinogen
Authors: Witt I , Müller H , Künzer W 
Published: June 2018

SummaryHuman fibrinogen was isolated from the blood of adults and from umbilical cord blood. The fibrinogen preparations obtained were clottable with thrombin to between 97 and 98% and homogeneous in acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Comparative analyses of these highly purified foetal and adult fibrinogen showed that they have the same quantitative amino acid composition and the same mobility in acrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH 9.2.Chromatography on DEAE-cellulose made it likely that foetal and adult fibrinogen have a slightly different electrical charge. The pH-dependency of the thrombin clotting time is strikingly different. The fingerprints of the tryptic peptides showed at least 3 peptides with different mobility in chromatography.From these data it is assumed that foetal and adult fibrinogen have a different molecular structure. Hitherto it cannot be decided if the two proteins have a different primary structure, which is most probable, or if they are chemical modifications.
The Determination of Serum Fibrinolytic Inhibitors in Normal Practice
Authors: Daver J , Albugues M. J , Pasquier J. P. Du , Ricoeur M 
Published: June 2018

SummaryIt is desirable that every biology laboratory should be able to carry out the determination of serum fibrinolytic inhibitors. Two simple techniques which can be easily performed have been studied.The first consists in measuring the lysis surface, using an activator, (plasmin) of a fibrin plate, to which the inhibitors are added in the form of a 1/10th concentration of the serum to be studied, using Blix’s method.The second is the measuring of a standard fibrin clot, activated by streptokinase, in the presence of added inhibitors in the form of a 1/10th concentration of the serum to be studied, using Hawkey’s method.The measurements taken by double determination with these two techniques on the sera of 569 subjects during epidemiological research on atherosclerosis, have shown that they do not measure the same thing, and it is not possible to give an explanation. However it is possible to make some assumptions.
Semiquantitative Plasminogenbestimmung mit Hilfe des Thrombelastographen
Authors: Martin M 
Published: June 2018

Zusammenfassung1. Es wird eine einfach durchzuführende Plasminogenbestimmung mit Hilfe des Thrombelastographen mitgeteilt. Das Prinzip benutzt die durch hohe Streptokinase-mengen induzierte Aktivatorfunktion des menschlichen Plasminogens. Dieser Aktivator wandelt in einem Standardgerinnsel aus Rinderfibrin und verdünntem Humanplasma das dort adsorbierte bovine Plasminogen in Plasmin um, so daß eine Lyse des Testgerinnsels zustande kommt. Limitierend für die Geschwindigkeit der Lyse ist dabei die Höhe des Aktivatorspiegels. Da ein Bestandteil des Aktivators Human-plasminogen ist, steht die Geschwindigkeit der Lyse in direkter Abhängigkeit zum Gehalt des im Rinderfibrin-Standardgerinnsel inkorporierten menschlichen Plasminogens. Mit Hilfe einer vorher konstruierten Eichkurve, in der Lysezeiten und verschiedene Humanplasma(Plasminogen)-konzentrationen gegeneinander aufgetragen sind, kann zu jeder sich ergebenden Lysezeit des Testgerinnsels der zugehörige Plasminogen-gehalt des beigefügten Humanplasmas in Prozent der Norm abgelesen werden.2. Die Standardabweichung so erhaltener und im Thrombelastographen geschriebener Lysezeiten bewegt sich zwischen i 10% bei annähernd normalen und ±50% bei extrem niedrigen (um 0.01 %) Plasminogenspiegeln.3. An Hand einer Serie von 10 Langzeitlysen mit Streptokinase konnte die beschriebene Bestimmungsmethode erprobt werden. Es handelte sich um eine 3 Tage dauernde kombinierte Infusionsbehandlung von Streptokinase und Heparin. Die Therapie wurde durch Gabe der titrierten Initialdosis gestartet und mit stündlicher Gabe von 100000 E Streptokinase fortgesetzt. Hierbei kam es durchschnittlich bereits 4 Std. nach Behandlungsbeginn zu einem Abfall des Plasminogens unter die 1%-Grenze. Von der 16. Behandlungsstunde an lagen die Werte zwischen 1 und 0.05% der Norm. 16 Std. nach Absetzen der Streptokinase hatte sich das Plasminogen weitgehend restituiert und zeigte Plasmaspiegel zwischen 30 und 100%.4. Für schnell durchzuführende Routinekontrollen während einer Streptokinase-thérapie wurden zwei Modifikationen der hier erprobten Plasminogenbestimmung vorgeschlagen. Die erste Abwandlung beruht auf Glättung der leicht biphasisch geformten Eichkurve, die damit zu einer Eichgeraden wird und von nur zwei Eich werten charakterisiert ist. Eine zweite Modifikation, die weitere Vereinfachungen zur Folge hat, wurde durch die Beobachtung, daß alle untersuchten Eichgeraden konstante, mit nur geringer Abweichung behaftete Neigungswinkel im doppelt-logarithmischen System aufwiesen, möglich. Hierdurch enthält die mathematische Formel, welche die Eichgerade beschreibt, nur noch zwei Variable, nämlich die Lysezeit des Standardgerinnsels mit 100% Humanplasminogen und jene mit unbekanntem Plasminogen-spiegel. Damit kann der gesuchte Plasminogengehalt durch eine einfache Rechenoperation und ohne Konstruktion von Eichgeraden oder -kurven unmittelbar in einer einmalig aufgestellten Tabelle abgelesen werden.
Thrombohemorrhagic Lesions Induced by Temporary Ischemia
Authors: Somogyi A , Mécs I 
Published: June 2018

SummaryTemporary ischemia of the rat’s hind paw induces severe thrombohemorrhagic lesions following sensitization by the intravenous injections of ferric dextrin and agar I. Other substances such as India ink and saccharated ferric oxide, which exhibit no thrombohemorrhagic sensitizing properties when a tourniquet, epinephrine or 5-HT are used separately as challengers, prove extremely effective upon application of the tourniquet if epinephrine is also injected into the contralateral paw. Scandium chloride, given intravenously, sensitizes the rat for the production of thrombohemorrhagic lesions by temporary ischemia of the dorsal skin but fails to induce similar changes after an equally severe ischemia of the paw. It is concluded that, following sensitization, two in themselves ineffective agents, can become active thrombohemorrhagic challengers upon conjoint application.
Preventive Effect of Pyridinolcarbamate on Thrombohemorrhagic Phenomenon and Hemorrhagic Necrosis
Authors: Yamazaki H , Kurai A , Shimamoto T 
Published: June 2018

SummaryForty two rabbits were injected intravenously with 5 ml/kg of 0.5% agar solution or 100 μg/kg of bacterial endotoxin derived from Escherichia coli. After 1 min 0.1 ml of 500 μg/ml of adrenaline was injected intradermally in abdominal skin of each rabbit. After 24 hrs hemorrhage in adrenaline-injected regions was observed in 28 of 38 regions in abdominal skin of rabbits treated with agar and in 11 of 14 regions of rabbits treated with endotoxin. Both the hemorrhages were similarly reduced with the pretreatment of 40 μg of pyridinolcarbamate given locally with statistical significance (P < 0.01 and 0.05).
Platelet Adhesiveness and Euglobulin Lysis Time in Dogs Given Repeated Infusion of Sodium Palmitate
Authors: Cucuianu M , Papilian V. V , Bareliuc N , Crisnic I 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe effect of infusions with sodium palmitate 3.5 m Mol/1 on platelet adhesiveness and euglobulin lysis time was studied in 16 dogs. A decrease of platelet adhesiveness was noted 15 min after infusion. Decreased platelet adhesiveness persisted 3 and 24 hrs later, although platelet counts that were diminished 15 min after the infusion, returned to the initial level. Fibrinogen levels were not found to decrease during infusions of fatty acids. A progressive increase of plasma fibrinogen was even noted in animals that survived more than 7 days after the first infusion. Following a transient acceleration of euglobulin lysis time, a delayed fibrinolysis was noted, probably as a result of the exhaustion of blood activator.Fibrin depositions were emphasized in histological sections. In some animals aspects of obliterative thromboangiitis were noted. However bilateral cortical necrosis was found in only 1 dog.It seems that correlations between increased lipid mobilization and changes of coagulability and fibrinolysis in atherosclerosis are much more complex.
Inactivation of Human Serum Plasminogen Antiactivator by Synthetic Fibrinolysis Inducers
Authors: Aoki N , von Kaulla K. N 
Published: June 2018

SummaryHuman serum plasminogen antiactivator was separated from serum antiplasmin by isoelectric precipitation and ammonium sulfate fractionation followed by Sephadex chromatography. With the use of human vascular activator it was demonstrated that the serum antiactivator is functionally distinct from serum antiplasmin. Both antiplasmin and antiactivator were irreversibly inactivated when incubated with synthetic fibrinolysis inducing compounds, this inactivation being independent from plasminogen activation. Minor structural modifications of the compounds which abolished the fibrinolytic activity also abolished their effects on serum antiactivator. It is suggested that the pathway of the compound-induced fibrinolysis is an unbalancing of the activator-antiactivator system by inactivating antiactivator, thus freeing the activator for plasminogen activation.
4-Aninomethylbicyclo[2.2.2]-Octane-1-Carboxylic Acid a New Potent Antifibrinolytic Agent
Authors: Baumgarten W , Priester L. I , Stiller D. W , Duncan A. E. W , Ciminera J. L , Loeffler L. J 
Published: June 2018

SummaryIn this publication we describe a new antifibrinolytic compound, 4-aminomethyl-bicyclo[2.2.2]-octane-l-carboxylic acid. This compound is the most active antifibrinolytic agent known up to the present.Its activity has been characterized by two in vitro assay procedures and its relative potency compared to the standard antifibrinolytic agent, ε-aminocaproic acid.Two assay procedures for the evaluation of antifibrinolytic compounds have been developed with particular emphasis on the capability to yield statistically valid results.
Coagulation Studies of Cord Blood, with Special Reference to “Fetal Fibrinogen”
Authors: von Felten A , Straub P. W 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe last phase of the clotting mechanisms was investigated in cord blood of 118 mature newborns.The most prominent finding was a prolonged thrombin time, not due to heparin. It was accompanied in most cases by a low fibrinogen and in some by a gelatinous appearance of the clot and a paracoagulation of the serum. This association was found to be usually due to in vitro fibrinogenolysis with consequent appearance of fibrinogen split products.In 9 cases the prolonged thrombin time was not obviously due to fibrinogen degradation products. The possibilities of the presence of high molecular weight fibrinogen degradation products or of a special characteristic of cord blood fibrinogen leading to a delayed fibrinogen-fibrin conversion are considered.
The Estimation of Blood Platelet Survival
Authors: Murphy E. A , Francis M. E 
Published: June 2018

SummarySince migrating cells cannot be individually identified, inferences about their pattern of survival must be based on the collective behavior of a defined group of such cells. A precise nomenclature for the aspects of such cells and their behavior is necessary. Accurate estimates of mean survival of cells depend on the use of a model, which can only be constructed by considering pertinent factors in the internal and external economy of the cell. But demonstration that a factor is indeed pertinent depends in large part on observing change in mean survival. This circularity may be avoided by studying those properties of such survival curves which are uninfluenced by the form of the distribution of cell survival. Since these properties are logical necessities, there is no need to verify them experimentally.
Some New Observations on Glycogenolysis in Blood Platelets Studied by Cytochemical Scoring Method
Authors: Heřmanský F , Caen J , Matoušová O 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe breakdown of stainable glycogen in blood platelets was studied by cytochemical scoring technique. Various compounds reacting in different ways with sulfhydryl groups (PCMB, MIA, NEM and ferricyanide) inhibited completely the adrenaline induced glycogenolysis in vitro. The inhibition by PCMB and ferricyanide but not that effected by MIA and NEM could be abolished by addition of reduced glutathione. This substance alone as well as other SH containing compounds (mercaptoethanol and cysteine) produced a marked glycogenolysis at 50 mM concentration. The same glycogenolytic effect was observed with 5 mM cyanide and azide. The degradation of stainable glycogen with all described compounds could be blocked by MIA and fluoride at same concentrations which inhibited the adrenaline induced glycogenolysis. The possible involvement of SH groups in some of these biochemical reactions is discussed.
Platelet Incorporation of Labelled Adenosine and Adenosine Diphosphate
Authors: Salzman E. W , Ashford T. P , Chambers D. A , Neri Lena L. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryAfter incubation of platelet-rich plasma with labelled adenosine or ADP, platelet incorporation of radioactivity was assessed. Platelets were rapidly separated for counting by filtration through cellulose acetate Millipore. Inulin-H3 served as a plasma marker, and triple isotope techniques permitted simultaneous assessment of the behavior of the adenine and phosphate moieties of ADP without washing of platelets. In other experiments, electron microscopic radioautography was employed to trace the label after platelet incorporation.The results were consistent with previous reports that ADP is dephosphorylated in plasma and is incorporated by platelets only as a dephosphorylated residue, probably adenosine. The label crossed the platelet membrane and entered the platelet, where it was distributed in platelet granules and the agranular cell sap. Concentration within granules occurred to a minor degree.The results support the hypothesis that platelet aggregation by ADP occurs without a persistent bond of ADP to the platelet. Inhibition of aggregation by adenosine probably depends on a metabolic or transport process rather than on competition between adenosine and ADP for platelet binding sites.
Congenital Combined Deficiency of Factor V and Factor VIII
Authors: Saito H , Shioya M , Koie K , Kamiya T , Katsumi O 
Published: June 2018

SummaryA case of congenital combined deficiency of factor V and factor VIII was reported. The patient, a 9 year old boy, gave a history of epistaxis, hematomas, and of hemorrhages following dental extraction since the age of 2 ; plasma levels of factor V and factor VIII were found to be 16% and 8% of normal, respectively. No one in his family had a deficiency of either factor. The effects of transfusion of normal fresh plasma and whole blood from a patient with hemophilia A were studied. While the former were similar to the pattern as seen in classical hemophilia, the latter consisted of an immediate increase of factor V activity and a delayed increase of factor VIII activity, despite the fact that factor VIII activity was almost absent from the donor’s blood.
The Coagulation System during the Passage of Blood through the Body
Authors: Schimpf KL , Barth P , Bartman J , Freienberg J , Hansen B , Meier J 
Published: June 2018

SummaryIn rabbits blood was taken simultaneously from the right heart, aorta, vena cava caudalis, and vena portae. The samples were examined for activities of factors II, VIII, X, contact activation product, antithrombin III, anti-plasma-thromboplastin, for thrombin time, fibrin polymerization time, R+K values in the TEG and platelet count. The parameters were found to change significantly during circulation. The greatest differences were found between right heart on the one hand, and renal vein and portal vein on the other. In 8 of 10 cases the arithmitical means of the tested parameters showed highest or lowest values respectively in the renal vein.
Hämolytische Transfusionszwischenfälle mit »Verbrauchskoagulopathie« durch seltene Blutgruppenantikörper [Anti-Duffy (a)]
Authors: Mueller-Eckhardt Ch , Heene D , Müller-Berghaus G , Lasch H. G 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungBei 2 Patientinnen – einer 65jährigen Frau mit einem M. Waldenstrom und einer ebenfalls 65jährigen Frau mit einem metastasierenden Mammakarzinom - kam es als Folge einer Isoimmunisierung gegen das Erythrozytenantigen Duffy (a), vermutlich durch inkompatible Blutübertragungen, zu hämolytischen Transfusionszwischenfällen. Bei der Kranken mit der Makroglobulinämie konnte eine manifeste »Verbrauchskoagulopathie« nachgewiesen werden. Die immunhämatologischen und hämostaseolo-gischen Probleme werden besprochen.
Studies with the Chandler Rotating Loop
Authors: Engelberg H 
Published: June 2018

SummaryEvidence has been presented that thrombin formation and coagulation are the major processes involved in the formation of the clot-thrombus when blood is rotated in the Chandler loop, and that platelet aggregation is secondary to thrombin formation. It is suggested that the test be called the flowing clotting time or the clot-thrombus formation time.
Platelet Reactions and Immune Processes
Authors: Jobin F , Tremblay F 
Published: June 2018

SummaryWe have studied the effect of complement inhibitors of various classes on platelet aggregation induced by collagen or by latex. The majority of the complement inhibitors which we studied inhibited collagen- or latex-induced platelet aggregation.The possible role of complement as a mediator in the activation of platelet reactions is discussed.These findings indicate that some chemicals are able to act on some of the immune reactions and also on platelet thrombogenetic reactions. It is suggested that drugs or combination of drugs having such a polyvalence might be of particular benefit in thrombo-immuno-inflammatory conditions.
Effect of Purified Vipera Palestinae Hemorrhagin on Blood Coagulation and Platelet Function
Authors: Grotto L , Jerushalmy Z , de Vries A 
Published: June 2018

SummaryPurified Vipera palestinae hemorrhagin (VPH) impairs thrombin formation, fibrinogen clottability, FSF activity, platelet clot retracting activity, ADP- and connective tissue-induced platelet aggregation and connective tissue - induced platelet ADP release. The effects of VPH became manifest or increased in intensity on incubation with the respective substrates prior to measurement of their activities. Inactivation of the VPH protease by DFP resulted in complete abolishment of the first four and partial inhibition of the last two of the above VPH activities.Administration of VPH to guinea pigs caused widespread hemorrhages, associated with moderate hypofibrinogenemia but normal platelet count, clotting time and clot retraction. DFP-treated VPH caused hemorrhage without hypofibrinogenemia.
Accumulation of Macromolecular Particles in the Reticuloendothelial System (RES) Mediated by Platelet Aggregation and Disaggregation
Authors: van Aken W.G , Vreeken J 
Published: June 2018

SummaryCarbon particles cause platelet aggregation in vitro and in vivo. Prior studies established that substances which modify thrombocyte aggregation also influence the rate at which carbon is cleared from the blood.This study was performed in order to elucidate the mechanism by which the carbon-platelet aggregates specifically accumulate in the RES.Activation of fibrinolysis by urokinase or streptokinase reduced the carbon clearance rate, probably due to generated fibrinogen degradation products (FDP). Isolated FDP decreased the carbon clearance and caused disaggregation of platelets and particles in vitro. Inhibition of fibrinolysis by epsilon-amino-caproic acid (EACA), initially accelerated the disappearance of carbon and caused particle accumulation outside the RES, predominantly in the lungs. It is supposed that platelet aggregation and locally activated fibrinolysis act together in the clearance of particles. In the normal situation the RES with its well known low fibrinolytic activity, becomes the receptor of the particles.
Reticuloendothelial Function and Blood Coagulation in Rats
Authors: Pechet L , Pechet Giselle S. , MacDonald R. A 
Published: June 2018

SummaryIntravascular coagulation and its possible effect on carbon clearance was studied in rats following the injection of commercial india ink containing shellac; a shellac-free carbon preparation; gelatin; heat denatured albumin; colloidal iron; and heparin. No relationship was found between activation of coagulation and RES function as measured by clearance of intravenously injected carbon.