bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accelerated Historical and Future Warming in the Middle East and North Africa
Authors: Malik Abdul , Stenchikov Georgiy , Mostamandi Suleiman , Parajuli Sagar , Lelieveld Jos , Zittis George , Ahsan Muhammad Sheraz , Atique Luqman , Usman Muhammad 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe present study assesses the climate of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) in detail, focusing on the historical and future warming trends in the region. The assessment incorporates data from observations, reanalyses, and statistically downscaled climate models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phases 5 and 6. Since the pre‐industrial era, the observed average climate in the MENA has warmed by 1.5°C and is on the brink of exceeding 2°C. The reanalysis data suggest that the regional warming over some MENA sub‐regions is three times faster than the global average. By the end of the 21st century, the Arabian Peninsula is projected to warm to 2.6°C ± 0.57°C and 7.6°C ± 1.53°C under low and high greenhouse gas emission scenarios, respectively. Distinct warming hotspots emerge over the Arabian Peninsula and Algeria in summer and over Mauritania in West Africa and the Elburz Mountains in Iran in winter. The summer hotspot over the Arabian Peninsula has already warmed by more than 2°C and can potentially warm to approximately 9°C under the high‐emission scenario. As global warming progresses to 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0°C, the average temperature over the MENA land is projected to increase by 2.3°C ± 0.18°C, 3.0°C ± 0.22°C, 4.6°C ± 0.26°C, and 6.1°C ± 0.31°C, respectively. The 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0°C warming levels over the MENA are expected to predate those of the global mean by two or three decades. Natural climate fluctuations also significantly influence the region's warming, contributing to temperature extremes.
A Generative Super‐Resolution Model for Enhancing Tropical Cyclone Wind Field Intensity and Resolution
Authors: Lockwood Joseph W. , Gori Avantika , Gentine Pierre 
Published: November 2024

AbstractExtreme winds associated with tropical cyclones (TCs) can cause significant loss of life and economic damage globally, highlighting the need for accurate, high‐resolution modeling and forecasting for wind. However, due to their coarse horizontal resolution, most global climate and weather models suffer from chronic underprediction of TC wind speeds, limiting their use for impact analysis and energy modeling. In this study, we introduce a cascading deep learning framework designed to downscale high‐resolution TC wind fields given low‐resolution data. Our approach maps 85 TC events from ERA5 data (0.25° resolution) to high‐resolution (0.05° resolution) observations at 6‐hr intervals. The initial component is a debiasing neural network designed to model accurate wind speed observations using ERA5 data. The second component employs a generative super‐resolution strategy based on a conditional denoising diffusion probabilistic model (DDPM) to enhance the spatial resolution and to produce ensemble estimates. The model is able to accurately model intensity and produce realistic radial profiles and fine‐scale spatial structures of wind fields, with a percentage mean bias of −3.74% compared to the high‐resolution observations. Our downscaling framework enables the prediction of high‐resolution wind fields using widely available low‐resolution and intensity wind data, allowing for the modeling of past events and the assessment of future TC risks.
AI in oral medicine: is the future already here? A literature review
Authors: Alotaibi Sultan , Deligianni Eleni 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjective Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping many healthcare disciplines, mainly with newly developed computer systems or machines that have the ability to mimic human intelligence. This paper aims to review the available evidence on the applications of AI in oral medicine. The review critically assesses current evidence, shedding light on AI's growing role in this field.Methods Around 20 applicable studies were included in this review from different databases like PubMed and Google Scholar. Studies included involved original research articles, mini-reviews, systematic reviews and meta-analyses.Results Existing papers on AI uses in oral medicine included fundamental areas such as oral cancer, lichen planus, bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw, odontogenic keratocysts and oral lesions classification. AI has proved remarkable potential in terms of accuracy, sensitivity and specificity.Conclusion The outcomes of the papers suggest that AI holds major potential to help dental practitioners diagnose and manage oral diseases with superior precision. While acknowledging the encouraging results, this paper also underscores the necessity for further research and improvement to fully harness the abilities of AI in oral medicine. It calls notice to the fact that AI, although a valued tool, should supplement rather than replace healthcare professionals.
Hardware-tailored diagonalization circuits
Authors: Miller Daniel , Fischer Laurin E. , Levi Kyano , Kuehnke Eric J. , Sokolov Igor O. , Barkoutsos Panagiotis Kl. , Eisert Jens , Tavernelli Ivano 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA central building block of many quantum algorithms is the diagonalization of Pauli operators. Although it is always possible to construct a quantum circuit that simultaneously diagonalizes a given set of commuting Pauli operators, only resource-efficient circuits can be executed reliably on near-term quantum computers. Generic diagonalization circuits, in contrast, often lead to an unaffordable SWAP gate overhead on quantum devices with limited hardware connectivity. A common alternative is to exclude two-qubit gates altogether. However, this comes at the severe cost of restricting the class of diagonalizable sets of Pauli operators to tensor product bases (TPBs). In this article, we introduce a theoretical framework for constructing hardware-tailored (HT) diagonalization circuits. Our framework establishes a systematic and highly flexible procedure for tailoring diagonalization circuits with ultra-low gate counts. We highlight promising use cases of our framework and – as a proof-of-principle application – we devise an efficient algorithm for grouping the Pauli operators of a given Hamiltonian into jointly-HT-diagonalizable sets. For several classes of Hamiltonians, we observe that our approach requires fewer measurements than conventional TPB approaches. Finally, we experimentally demonstrate that HT circuits can improve the efficiency of estimating expectation values with cloud-based quantum computers.
Innovative engineering of scalable, renewable and spherical organic nanoparticles for high fire safety, UV protection and antibacterial properties of polyvinyl alcohol nanocomposites films
Authors: Attia Nour Fathi , Nour Mohamed A. , Elashery Sally E. A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA novel and environmentally friendly route was developed for production of sustainable flame retardant, antibacterial and UV protective nanoparticles for polymeric films nanocomposites. For the first time, dried molokhia leaves were engineered into spherical nanoparticles with an average size of 8.5 nm via an eco-friendly, one-pot solid-state ball-milling method. The engineered nanoparticles were proved using spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The sustainable nanoparticles were employed as an efficient and green flame retardant, antibacterial and UV protective materials for polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanocomposite films. The distinct compatibility between PVA chains and spherical nanoparticles afford excellent homogeneous dispersion of each nanoparticle in the polymer matrix. Compared to blank PVA film which burned at a rate of 125 mm/min, the novel nanoparticles achieved significant flame retardancy for polymer nanocomposites films recording zero rate of burning. Their outstanding charring ability and naturally doped elemental composition were attributed to their higher flame retardancy achieved. Moreover, the newly developed multifunctional nanoparticles integrated outstanding UV protection feature to developed polymer nanocomposite films recording UV protection factor superiority of more than 900% compared to nanoparticle free film. Noteworthy to note that, the nanoparticles afford excellent inhibition to bacterial growth against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus over the surface of developed polymer nanocomposite films achieving clear inhibition zone of 9 and 7.6 mm compared to zero mm for pristine polymer film, respectively. In addition, a proposed and clarified flame retardancy mechanism was presented. Additionally, an assessment was conducted regarding the economic feasibility of producing sustainable multifunctional nanoparticles on an industrial scale.
Evaluating binaural hearing capabilities in individuals with sensorineural hearing loss through bilateral bone conduction stimulation
Authors: Stenfelt Stefan , Zeitooni Mehrnaz , Mäki-Torkko Elina 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study investigated the impact of bilateral bone conduction (BC) stimulation and sensorineural hearing loss on spatial release from masking, binaural intelligibility level difference, and lateralization. The study involved two groups of adults with mild to moderate sensorineural hearing loss: one group of 21 participants with symmetric hearing loss and another group of nine participants with asymmetric hearing loss. All tests were conducted through BC and air conduction (AC) headsets with non-individualized virtual positions of the sound sources and linear amplification based on individual hearing thresholds. The findings revealed a bilateral benefit for both groups of hearing-impaired individuals, with symmetric hearing loss yielding better results than asymmetric hearing loss. AC stimulation provided approximately twice the benefit in terms of dB compared to BC stimulation. A large part of this benefit originated from a favorable signal-to-noise ratio due to noise reduction from the head shadow. However, binaural processing was present in both hearing-impaired groups with bilateral BC stimulation. The ability to lateralize sounds based on interaural time delays was significantly impaired in participants with both types of hearing loss when stimulation was by BC. Despite these challenges, the study underscores the benefits of bilateral fitting of BC hearing aids, even in individuals with mild to moderate sensorineural hearing loss, whether symmetric or asymmetric.
How to increase public support for carbon pricing with revenue recycling
Authors: Woerner Andrej , Imai Taisuke , Pace Davide D. , Schmidt Klaus M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCarbon pricing is a powerful but politically contentious tool for tackling climate change. Governments can, however, try to increase public support for it by adjusting how the revenues raised by the carbon price are used. In a fully incentivized experiment with a large representative sample of the German population, we compare voter support for five different carbon pricing schemes. We show that uniform carbon dividends (equal per capita transfers to all citizens) receive substantially more support than a carbon dividend that favours poorer people, than earmarking revenues for climate projects and especially than using revenues for the general government budget. Among the uniform carbon dividend schemes, a climate premium that pays a fixed upfront transfer equal to the expected carbon revenues receives more support than a carbon dividend scheme where the size of the transfer is determined ex post based on the actual revenues. Furthermore, we show that participants and experts underestimate public support for carbon pricing. These findings suggest that policies for sustainable development gain more support when affected voters are uniformly compensated for the costs imposed on them. In addition, the paper highlights the importance of incentivized experiments in studying public support for such policies.
Dynamic regulation of ion transport through a bis(1,3-propanediol)-based channel via allosteric azobenzene photoswitching
Authors: Ahmad Manzoor , Sarkar Susmita , Bhogade Ravindra , Mondal Abhishek , Mondal Debashis , Mondal Jagannath , Talukdar Pinaki 
Published: November 2024

Dynamic photoswitching in azobenzene linked bis(1,3-propanediols) enables the formation of self-assembled barrel rosette anion channels in the trans-form, while the cis-form remains inactive due to its poor self-assembly.
On‐chip dual‐mode all‐optical multifunctional logic unit based on multimode FWMs
Authors: Zhang Chenjing , Zou Junmin , Zhao Yi , Fang Zhihao , Jian Yihao , Gao Shiming 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAn on‐chip dual‐mode all‐optical multifunctional logic operation unit including four AND and two OR logic gates is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. It is realized using multiple intra‐mode four‐wave mixing (FWM) processes in a multimode silicon waveguide for 2 × 10 Gbit/s non‐return‐to‐zero on–off‐keying (NRZ‐OOK) mode‐division multiplexing signals. The AND logic operation is realized via the non‐degenerate FWM processes, and the OR logic operation is realized by overlapping the two degenerate FWM idlers in frequency domain via appropriately selecting the dual‐mode pump wavelength. The two OR and four AND logic sequences are verified with NRZ‐OOK sequences for both TE0 and TE1 modes.
Near-ultraviolet absorption distribution of primitive asteroids from photometric surveys
Authors: Tatsumi Eri , Vilas Faith , de León Julia , Popescu Marcel , Hasegawa Sunao , De Prá Mario , Tinaut-Ruano Fernando , Licandro Javier 
Published: November 2024

Context. Primitive asteroids consisting of mainly phyllosilicates and opaque minerals have great variation at near-ultraviolet (NUV) wavelengths (0.35–0.5 μm). The absorption in NUV could be indicative of phyllosilicates that reflect their formation environments such as the distribution of water, temperature, and pressure. The asteroid collisional families are the fragments of large primordial bodies that record the early Solar System environments.
Aims. Our objective is to investigate the reflectance spectrophotometry of primitive asteroid families in NUV to visible (VIS) wavelengths to constrain the internal structure and formation of primordial bodies.
Methods. The NUV-VIS reflectance spectrophotometry of 38 primitive asteroid families was investigated using two spectrophotometric surveys, the Eight Color Asteroid Survey (ECAS) and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). We classified the members of the primitive asteroid families based on Tholen’s taxonomy. After grouping these families into eight overarching types, we discussed the compositions of primitive asteroid families based on the NUV, 0.7 μm, 3 μm absorptions, and the near-infrared (NIR) spectral slopes.
Results. We have found a correlation between the 0.7 μm absorption band and the NUV absorption among the asteroid families, suggesting that both features are caused by the charge transfer of interlayer iron in phyllosilicates. This implies that NUV absorption can be a valuable indicator of Fe-rich phyllosilicate abundance. Furthermore, we have revealed correlations between the NUV absorption, VIS slope, albedo, and the NIR slope. Primitive asteroid families with strong NUV absorption exhibit a high albedo and a low NIR slope (1.25–2.14 μm). The Pallas family deviates from this general trend due to its exceptionally high albedo. This anomaly, combined with the Pallas family’s unique density and the deep and sharp 3 μm absorption, suggests that the Pallas family could be a potential source of CR chondrites. Overall, our results demonstrate that NUV absorption aligns well with established indicators of phyllosilicate presence (0.7 μm and 3 μm absorptions). The largest bodies in the high-NUV absorption families show a sharp 3-μm feature, while the red-dominant families show a w-shaped 3-μm feature. Notably, two young endmember families (Theobalda, F-dominant; Veritas, G-dominant) highlight that NUV absorption is not solely linked to aging or space weathering, but likely reflects inherent compositional differences. The Polana–Eulalia complex family and the Theobalda family, dominated by F types (>80%), exhibit minimal to non-NUV absorption, suggesting that their primordial bodies contained little Fe-rich phyllosilicates, such as CI drated carbonaceous chondrites. Conversely, the Veritas family, with over 80% of C and G types, displays stron. indicative of an Fe-rich phyllosilicate-rich parent body, such as CM chondrites.
Cascade adaptive optics with a second stage based on a Zernike wavefront sensor for exoplanet observations
Authors: N’Diaye M. , Vigan A. , Engler B. , Kasper M. , Dohlen K. , Leveratto S. , Floriot J. , Marcos M. , Bailet C. , Bristow P. 
Published: November 2024

Context. Over the past decade, the high-contrast observation of disks and gas giant planets around nearby stars has been made possible with ground-based instruments using extreme adaptive optics (XAO). These facilities produce images with a Strehl ratio higher than 90% in the H band, in median observing conditions and high-flux regime. However, the correction leaves behind adaptive optics (AO) residuals, which impede studies of fainter or less massive exoplanets.
Aims. Cascade AO systems with a fast second stage based on a Pyramid wavefront sensor (PWFS) have recently emerged as an appealing solution to reduce the atmospheric wavefront errors. Since these phase aberrations are expected to be small, they can also be accurately measured by a Zernike wavefront sensor (ZWFS), a well-known concept for its high sensitivity and moderate linear capture range. We propose an alternative second stage that relies on the ZWFS to correct for the AO residuals.
Methods. We implemented the cascade AO with a ZWFS-based control loop on the ESO’s GPU-based High-order adaptive OpticS Testbench (GHOST) to validate the scheme in monochromatic light. We emulated the XAO first stage in different observing conditions (wind speed, seeing) and determined the corresponding operation parameters (e.g., number of controlled modes, integrator gain, loop calibration) that lead to stable loop operation and good correction performance. Our strategy was assessed in terms of corrected wavefront errors and contrast gain in the images with a Lyot coronagraph to probe its efficiency.
Results. In median wind speed and seeing, our second-stage AO with a ZWFS and a basic integrator was able to reduce the atmospheric residuals by a factor of 6 and increase the wavefront error stability with a gain of 2 between open and closed loop. In the presence of non-common path aberrations, we also achieved a contrast gain of a factor of 2 in the coronagraphic images at short separations from the source, proving the ability of our scheme to work in cascade with an XAO loop. In addition, it may prove useful for imaging fainter or lighter close-in companions. In more challenging conditions, contrast improvements are also achieved by adjusting the control loop features.
Conclusions. Our study validates the ZWFS-based second-stage AO loop as an effective solution to address small residuals left over from a single-stage XAO system for the coronagraphic observations of circumstellar environments. Our first in-lab demonstration paves the way for more advanced versions of our approach with different temporal control laws, non-linear reconstructors, and spectral widths. This would allow our approach to operate in high-contrast facilities on the current 8–10 m class telescopes and Extremely Large Telescopes to observe exoplanets, all the way down to Earth analogs around M dwarfs.
A chemical link between saturated and unsaturated aldehydes and ketenes in the interstellar medium
Authors: Zasimov Pavel V. , Keresztes Barbara , Góbi Sándor , Volosatova Anastasia D. , Tarczay György 
Published: November 2024

Context. Propenal (CH2CHCHO) and propanal (CH3CH2CHO) have been detected in various regions of the interstellar medium (ISM), from star-forming regions to a comet’s dusty coma. These molecules attract considerable attention due to their structural similarity to aldose sugars and their potential role in prebiotic astrochemistry. Their reactions with H atoms may significantly contribute to the chemical diversity in the ISM and link these molecules with each other and other isomers.
Aims. In this study, we aimed to investigate the astrophysically relevant low-temperature reactions of propenal and propanal molecules with H atoms to explore possible reaction pathways between these molecules and their isomers.
Methods. Propenal and propanal were isolated in solid para-H2 at 3.1 K. This medium, with its weak interactions, provides spec-troscopic data close to gas-phase values and allows for studying highly reactive short-lived species. Additionally, H atoms can be conveniently generated, they diffuse, and they react with the isolated molecules. The reactions were monitored using infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Quantum-chemical computations were employed to determine possible reaction paths and aid in spectral assignments.
Results. The reaction of CH2CHCHO and CH3CH2CHO with H atoms in the first step results in the production of CH2CH •CO/•CH2CHCO, CH3CH2•CO, and CH3•CHCHO radicals. Further H-atom reactions of CH3•CHCHO and R•CO radicals lead to the formation of methylketene (CH3CHCO) as the product of both the reaction of propenal and propanal. The two-step addition of H atoms to CH2CHCHO was found tentatively to produce CH3CH2CHO.
Conclusions. The radicals observed in the experiments are likely produced in dark molecular clouds on icy grains, increasing interstellar chemical complexity. The experiments suggest that H-atom reactions with propanal and propenal are important channels for methylketene production. The observed reactions imply that consecutive H-atom addition and H-atom abstraction reactions of propenal and propanal can catalyze interstellar H2 formation.
Quels indicateurs pour évaluer la réflexivité des formateurs en simulation en santé ?
Authors: Philippot Guillaume , Verquin Savarieau Béatrice , Deligny Christophe 
Published: November 2024

Contexte et problématique : La simulation en plaçant les apprenants comme acteurs de leurs stratégies d’apprentissage, participe au changement de paradigme de la pédagogie universitaire en médecine. Avec la réflexivité au cœur des débriefings, cette méthode pédagogique contribue au développement professionnel des formateurs en simulation. Nous explorerons les concepts de réflexivité en formation, développement professionnel et mesure de la réflexivité puis tenterons d’identifier les critères de réflexivité des formateurs au fil de leur parcours d’apprentissage. Objectif : Mesurer le développement de la réflexivité des formateurs en simulation en santé au fil de leur parcours et tenter de valider une échelle d’autoévaluation de leur réflexivité. Méthodes : Cette recherche sur la formation de formateurs en simulation est réalisée au centre d’enseignement et de simulation en santé de Martinique. L’échantillon est composé de 20 formateurs auquel nous soumettons un questionnaire à trois moments de la formation (début (T1), milieu (T2) puis fin de tutorat (T3)). Nous explorons ainsi une échelle de mesure de la réflexivité à partir d’une mise en lien de trois groupes de critères (G), (C) et (D) issus de travaux de recherche préexistants [1–3], à partir de calculs intégrant l’Alpha de Cronbach, pour étudier la cohérence de cette mise en lien. Résultats : Dans cet article, nous mettons en évidence une excellente cohérence interne de l’ensemble des critères (C) et (D) pour évaluer la réflexivité à T1 et T2. Une amélioration de la notation des critères apparaît en T2 par rapport à T1 avec une différence statistiquement significative. Conclusion : Il apparaît pertinent de transférer ces indicateurs d’évaluation des traces de la réflexivité à la conception d’une échelle d’autoévaluation de la réflexivité des formateurs en simulation.