bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Healable Structure Triggered by Thermal/Electrochemical Force in Layered GeSe2 for High Performance Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wei Yaqing , Huang Liang , He Jun , Guo Yanpeng , Qin Ruihuan , Li Huiqiao , Zhai Tianyou 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe metal sulfide or selenides have attracted increasing attention for high‐energy lithium‐ion batteries due to their unique layer structure flexibility, higher conductivity, and lower voltage polarization than metal oxides. However, low initial coulomb efficiency (ICE), serious structure destruction, and irreversible bonding chemistry are still big challenges for their practical application. Herein, layer GeSe2 and its carbon composite are synthesized by high‐energy ball milling and it is surprisingly found that crystalline c‐GeSe2 possesses higher reversible capacity and better rate performances than their amorphous counterparts. More specially, the broken GeSe bondings upon lithiation are also observed to regenerate after delithiation. These unusual phenomena are investigated by both experimental tools and theoretical calculations. Compared to other typical MX2 (M = Mo, W, X = S, Se), the electronegativity of Ge is more close to selenium and the formation energy of GeSe bonding is much smaller. Thus, a mild driven force such as thermoheating at low temperature can recover the ordered layer structure, helping to heal the high conductivity and unimpeded Li diffusion pathways for crystalline GeSe2. Similarly, electrochemical delithium force also triggers the rebuilding of GeSe bonding upon Li‐extraction, boosting GeSe2/C with large capacity (1050 mA h g−1), ultrahigh ICE (94%), and cycling stability.
Oxidative Coupling of Anionic Abnormal N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes: Efficient Access to Janus‐Type 4,4′‐Bis(2H‐imidazol‐2‐ylidene)s
Authors: Grineva Alina A. , Valyaev Dmitry A. , César Vincent , Filippov Oleg A. , Khrustalev Victor N. , Nefedov Sergei E. , Lugan Noël 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe oxidative coupling of anionic imidazol‐4‐ylidenes protected at the C2 position with [MnCp(CO)2] or BH3 led to the corresponding 4,4′‐bis(2H‐imidazol‐2‐ylidene) complexes or adducts, in which the two carbene moieties are connected through a single C−C bond. Subsequent acidic treatment of the later species led to the corresponding 4,4′‐bis(imidazolium) salts in good yields. The overall procedure offers practical access to a novel class of Janus‐type bis(NHC)s. Strikingly, the coplanarity of the two NHC rings within the mesityl derivative 4,4′‐bis(IMes), favored by steric hindrance along with stabilizing intramolecular C−H⋅⋅⋅π aryl interactions, allows the alignment of the π‐systems and, as a direct consequence, significant electron communication through the bis(carbene) scaffold.
A Readily Accessible Class of Chiral Cp Ligands and their Application in RuII‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Syntheses of Dihydrobenzoindoles
Authors: Wang Shou‐Guo , Park Sung Hwan , Cramer Nicolai 
Published: March 2018

AbstractChiral cyclopentadienyl (Cpx) ligands have a large application potential in enantioselective transition‐metal catalysis. However, the development of concise and practical routes to such ligands remains in its infancy. We present a convenient and efficient two‐step synthesis of a novel class of chiral Cpx ligands with tunable steric properties that can be readily used for complexation, giving CpxRhI, CpxIrI, and CpxRuII complexes. The potential of this ligand class is demonstrated with the latter in the enantioselective cyclization of azabenzonorbornadienes with alkynes, affording dihydrobenzoindoles in up to 98:2 e.r., significantly outperforming existing binaphthyl‐derived Cpx ligands.
A New Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries Based on Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene: Improved Performance through a Binary Network Design
Authors: Ren Jing , Ren Rui‐Peng , Lv Yong‐Kang 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCarbon nanomaterials, especially graphene and carbon nanotubes, are considered to be favorable alternatives to graphite‐based anodes in lithium‐ion batteries, owing to their high specific surface area, electrical conductivity, and excellent mechanical flexibility. However, the limited number of storage sites for lithium ions within the sp2‐carbon hexahedrons leads to the low storage capacity. Thus, rational structure design is essential for the preparation of high‐performance carbon‐based anode materials. Herein, we employed flexible single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with ultrahigh electrical conductivity as a wrapper for 3D graphene foam (GF) by using a facile dip‐coating process to form a binary network structure. This structure, which offered high electrical conductivity, enlarged the electrode/electrolyte contact area, shortened the electron‐/ion‐transport pathways, and allowed for efficient utilization of the active material, which led to improved electrochemical performance. When used as an anode in lithium‐ion batteries, the SWCNT‐GF electrode delivered a specific capacity of 953 mA h g−1 at a current density of 0.1 A g−1 and a high reversible capacity of 606 mA h g−1 after 1000 cycles, with a capacity retention of 90 % over 1000 cycles at 1 A g−1 and 189 mA h g−1 after 2200 cycles at 5 A g−1.
Modeling of Maglev Yaw System of Wind Turbines and its Robust Trajectory Tracking Control in the Levitating and Landing Process Based on Ndob
Authors: Li Yang , Cai Bin , Song Xiaoyu , Chu Xiaoguang , Su Baili 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe yaw system is one of the important parts of the horizontal axis wind turbines. In this paper, a novel maglev yaw system (MYS) is introduced, a novel robust controller based on nonlinear disturbance observer (NDOB) is proposed to improve the dynamic suspension stability of the MYS in its levitating and landing process. First, the dynamic model of the MYS is built and analyzed as well as the model of the force caused by crosswind exerting on the MYS, and then the mathematical model of the MYS is derived from its dynamic model. Second, since the uncertain internal disturbance originated from the MYS itself exists, in order to realize the finite time convergence and improve the robustness of the MYS, a NDOB‐based robust controller is designed via like nonsingular terminal sliding mode (LNTSM) method with the aid of backstepping design idea (BDI) to guarantee that the system output asymptotically tracks the reference trajectory, and the levitating and landing velocities of the MYS converge to their expectations globally and asymptotically in finite time. Finally, compared the conventional backstepping control (BC), the extensive simulation results show that the proposed robust controller has a better robustness and the MYS can realize smooth and reliable operations in its levitating and landing process in finite time, therefore the novel robust controller is substantiated to be effective and feasible.
A cautionary note on Bayesian estimation of population size by removal sampling with diffuse priors
Authors: Bord Séverine , Bioche Christèle , Druilhet Pierre 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe consider the problem of estimating a population size by removal sampling when the sampling rate is unknown. Bayesian methods are now widespread and allow to include prior knowledge in the analysis. However, we show that Bayes estimates based on default improper priors lead to improper posteriors or infinite estimates. Similarly, weakly informative priors give unstable estimators that are sensitive to the choice of hyperparameters. By examining the likelihood, we show that population size estimates can be stabilized by penalizing small values of the sampling rate or large value of the population size. Based on theoretical results and simulation studies, we propose some recommendations on the choice of the prior. Then, we applied our results to real datasets.
Steerable esophageal thermometer for atrial fibrillation ablation in a patient with esophageal achalasia: a case report
Authors: Fukaya Hidehira , Niwano Shinichi , Ogiso Sho , Arakawa Yuki , Horiguchi Ai , Nishinarita Ryo , Nakamura Hironori , Oikawa Jun , Satoh Akira , Kishihara Jun , Ako Junya 
Published: March 2018

Key Clinical MessageEsophageal injury is a major concern during catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Operators avoid radiofrequency applications on the esophagus by changing ablation line; however, it is unavoidable in patients with a dilated esophagus, such as esophageal achalasia. Steerable esophageal thermometer is useful for evaluating precise temperatures to prevent esophageal injury.
Diverse Reactivity of Platinum SF3 and SF2 Complexes towards EtOH and Me3SiOEt
Authors: Berg Claudia , Pfister Nils , Braun Thomas , Braun‐Cula Beatrice 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe complex trans‐[Pt(F)(SF3)(PCy3)2] (1) shows a diverse reactivity pattern at the SF3 ligand towards ethanol and Me3SiOEt. This led by deoxyfluorination or alcoholysis to the generation of platinum complexes bearing a metal‐bound S(O)F or S(OEt)2 group. For the latter reaction trans‐[Pt(F){S(F)(OEt)2}(PCy3)2] is suggested as an intermediate. In reactivity studies of trans‐[Pt(F)(SF2)(PCy3)2][BF4] the complex [Pt(F){S(F)(OEt)}(PCy3)2][BF4] was prepared, which does not react with ethanol.
A Green‐LED Driven Source of Hydrated Electrons Characterized from Microseconds to Hours and Applied to Cross‐Couplings
Authors: Naumann Robert , Goez Martin 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe present a novel photoredox catalytic system that delivers synthetically usable concentrations of hydrated electrons when illuminated with a green light‐emitting diode (LED). The catalyst is a ruthenium complex protected by an anionic micelle, and the urate dianion serves as a sacrificial donor confined to the aqueous bulk. By virtue of its chemical properties, this donor not only suppresses charge recombination that would limit the electron yield, but also enables this system to perform cross‐couplings through the action of hydrated electrons, the first examples of which are reported here. We have investigated the kinetics of all the steps involving the electron and its direct precursor in a comparative study by means of laser flash photolysis and by monitoring product formation during LED photolysis. Despite the differences in timescales, each approach on its own already gives a complete picture of the reaction over a temporal range spanning ten orders of magnitude. Discrepancies between the kinetic parameters obtained with the two complementary techniques can be rationalized with the slow secondary chemistry of the system; they reveal that the product‐based method provides a more accurate description because it also responds to the changes of the system composition during a synthesis; hence, they demonstrate that in complex systems the timescale of the experimental observation should be matched to that of the actual application.
Recent Advances in Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction Using Earth‐Abundant Metal Complexes‐Derived Photocatalysts
Authors: Zhao Yanfei , Liu Zhimin 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPhotochemical reduction of CO2 with H2O into energy‐rich chemicals using inexhaustible solar energy is an appealing strategy to simultaneously address the global energy and environmental issues. Earth‐abundant metal complexes show promising application in this field due to their easy availability, rich redox valence and tunable property. Great progress has been seen on catalytic reduction of CO2 under visible light illumination employing earth‐abundant metal complexes and their hybrids as key contributors, especially for producing CO and HCOOH via the two‐electron reduction process. In this minireview, we will summarize and update advances on earth‐abundant metal complex‐derived photocatalytic system for visible‐light driven CO2 photoreduction over the last 5 years. Homogeneous earth‐abundant metal complex photocatalysts and earth‐abundant metal complex derived hybrid photocatalysts were both presented with focus on efficient improvement strategy.
A Stable Plasmonic Cu@Cu2O/ZnO Heterojunction for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Lou Yongbing , Zhang Yake , Cheng Lin , Chen Jinxi , Zhao Yixin 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect has been widely utilized in photocatalysis, but most reported LSPR materials are based on noble metals of gold or silver with high chemical stability. Plasmonic copper nanoparticles that exhibit an LSPR absorbance at 600 nm are promising for many applications, such as photocatalysis. Unfortunately, plasmonic copper nanoparticles are affected by serious surface oxidation in air. Herein, a novel lollipop‐shaped Cu@Cu2O/ZnO heterojunction nanostructure was designed, for the first time, to stabilize the plasmonic Cu core by decorating Cu@Cu2O core–shell structures with ZnO nanorods. This Cu@Cu2O/ZnO nanostructure exhibited significantly enhanced stability than that of regular Cu@Cu2O, which accounted for the remarkably enhanced photocatalytic H2 evolution rate through water splitting, relative to pristine ZnO nanorods, over an extended wavelength range due to the plasmonic Cu core.
Driving under the influence of cocaine: Quantitative determination of basic drugs in oral fluid obtained during roadside controls and a controlled study with cocaine users
Authors: Di Fazio Vincent , Wille Sarah M.R. , Toennes Stefan W. , van Wel Janelle H.P. , Ramaekers Johannes G. , Samyn Nele 
Published: March 2018

AbstractUsing the Belgian Drugs and Driving procedure, 36% of the cocaine‐positive oral fluid (OF) screening results were not confirmed in plasma. This study investigates the impact of the choice of screening devices and confirmation matrix on the detection of cocaine use. An ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) method quantifying cocaine, benzoylecgonine (BZE), and other basic drugs in OF was developed and validated. This method monitored OF samples obtained either from a roadside (n = 12) or a double‐blind controlled study with cocaine users (n = 10) who were given either a capsule containing 300 mg of cocaine‐HCl or a placebo. The OF data were compared to plasma concentrations to obtain concentration‐time profiles. In addition, the sensitivity and accuracy of the Drugwipe5S® was assessed.A significant difference between the OF volume collected at baseline/placebo (median 0.93 mL [range 0.43–1.92 mL]) or after cocaine‐HCL intake (0.79 mL [0.30–1.21 mL]) was observed. The median OF/Plasma at the 3 collection time points were 10.7, 13.8, 6.7 for cocaine and 0.8, 1.7, 0.8 for BZE, respectively. The Drugwipe5S® detected cocaine use until at least 4 hours after intake. When applying the Belgian legal confirmation decision limit of 10 ng/mL in OF, an accuracy of 75%–98% was observed, depending on the study setting. Cocaine concentrations in OF were much higher and were detected longer as compared to plasma, when applying the same decision limit. From a toxicological viewpoint, the longer detection window with the higher sensitivity of Cocaine and BZE is beneficial to detect drivers in the crash/fatigue phase.
Do athletes have a right to access data in their Athlete Biological Passport?
Authors: Devriendt Thijs , Chokoshvili Davit , Favaretto Maddalena , Borry Pascal 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe Athlete Biological Passport (ABP) refers to the collection of data related to an individual athlete. The ABP contains the Haematological Module and the Steroidal Module, which are used for the longitudinal monitoring of variables in blood and urine, respectively. Based on changes in these variables, a statistical model detects outliers which indicate doping use and guide further targeted testing of the athlete. Presently, athletes can access their data of the Haematological Module in the Anti‐Doping Administration and Management System (ADAMS). However, granting athletes access to this data has been a matter of debate within the anti‐doping community. This article investigates whether an athlete has a right to access the contents of their ABP profile. We approached this discussion by comparing the nature of ABP data with that of forensic and medical data and touched on important concerns with ABP data disclosure to athletes such as potentially allowing for the development of alternative doping techniques to circumvent detection; and making athletes vulnerable to pressure by the media to publicly release their data. Furthermore, given that ABP data may contain medically relevant information that can be used to diagnose disease, athletes may over‐interpret its medical significance and wrongly see it as a free health check. We argue that safeguarding the integrity of the ABP system must be seen as the most essential element and thus a departure from immediate data disclosure is necessary. Two different strategies for delayed data disclosure are proposed which diminish the chances of ABP data being misused to refine doping techniques.
Design and Preliminary Evaluation of High‐Speed Line‐of‐Sight Calculation CMOS Image Sensor
Authors: YAMAMURA SATOSHI , AKITA JUNICHI 
Published: March 2018

SUMMARYLine‐of‐sight (LoS) calculation, or detecting where the user is looking at, is expected as a new type of user interfaces, with including the phenomenon of rapid eye movement, so‐called saccade. However, real‐time tracking of saccade is difficult with the conventional image processing systems for their long processing time and latency against the speed of saccade. In this paper, we describe the design of the high speed, low latency LoS calculation image sensor, as well as its preliminary evaluation results. This image sensor has a capability to track the saccade at high frame rate, and generate the LoS calculation results with minimum latency for real‐time tracking.
Use of satellite leaf area index estimating evapotranspiration and gross assimilation for Australian ecosystems
Authors: Gan Rong , Zhang Yongqiang , Shi Hao , Yang Yuting , Eamus Derek , Cheng Lei , Chiew Francis H.S. , Yu Qiang 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAccurate quantification of terrestrial evapotranspiration and ecosystem productivity is of significant merit to better understand and predict the response of ecosystem energy, water, and carbon budgets under climate change. Existing diagnostic models have different focus on either water or carbon flux estimates with various model complexity and uncertainties induced by distinct representation of the coupling between water and carbon processes. Here, we propose a diagnostic model to estimate evapotranspiration and gross primary production that is based on biophysical mechanism yet simple for practical use. This is done by coupling the carbon and water fluxes via canopy conductance used in the Penman–Monteith–Leuning equation (named as PML_V2 model). The PML_V2 model takes Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer leaf area index and meteorological variables as inputs. The model was tested against evapotranspiration and gross primary production observations at 9 eddy‐covariance sites in Australia, which are spread across wide climate conditions and ecosystems. Results indicate that the simulated evapotranspiration and gross primary production by the PML_V2 model are in good agreement with the measurements at 8‐day timescale, indicated by the cross site Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency being 0.70 and 0.66, R2 being 0.80 and 0.75, and root mean square error being 0.96 mm d−1 and 1.14 μmol m−2 s−1 for evapotranspiration and gross primary production, respectively. As the PML_V2 model only requires readily available climate and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer vegetation dynamics data and has few parameters, it can potentially be applied to estimate evapotranspiration and carbon assimilation simultaneously at long‐term and large spatial scales.
Semaphorin 4D levels in heart failure patients: a potential novel biomarker of acute heart failure?
Authors: Willner Nadav , Goldberg Yair , Schiff Elad , Vadasz Zahava 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimsSemaphorin 4D (Sema4D) is expressed on platelets and T‐cells and known to be involved in inflammation. The aims of this study include comparing Sema4D and N terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) serum levels in heart failure (HF) patients to a control group, evaluating the correlation between Sema4D and NT‐proBNP levels, and assessing Sema4D serum levels in HF patients during acute exacerbation and remission.Methods and resultsForty‐five patients diagnosed with HF (based on echocardiographic findings, positive NT‐proBNP levels, and normal C‐reactive protein) and 11 healthy controls (declaring no chronic diseases or medications) comprised the study population. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and echocardiographic data were used to create the study database. NT‐proBNP and Sema4D serum samples were taken on admission and discharge. NT‐proBNP levels were significantly higher in the HF group than in controls (P < 0.001). Sema4D levels were significantly higher in HF patients than in healthy controls (2143.04 ± 1253 vs. 762.18 ± 581.6 ng/mL, P < 0.001, respectively). Using linear regression, a higher creatinine level was found to predict both higher levels of NT‐proBNP and Sema4D (P = 0.05 and P < 0.014, respectively), while a reduced ejection fraction was found to predict higher NT‐proBNP levels only (P < 0.001 and P = 0.87, respectively). Average Sema4D levels reduced significantly at remission (3534.94 ± 1650.55 vs. 2455.67 ± 1424, P = 0.03), while mean NT‐proBNP levels did not change significantly.ConclusionsSema4D levels in HF patients' serum are significantly higher than in healthy controls. Clinical improvement caused rapid reduction in Sema4D levels, possibly reflecting the inflammatory aspect of HF. These findings might suggest that Sema4D can be used as a diagnostic biomarker of acute HF. Further studies of Sema4D and HF are warranted.
Constructing Film Photocatalyst with Abundant Interfaces between CdS and Ni3S2 Nanosheets for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production
Authors: Chao Yuguang , Zheng Jianfeng , Zhang Haixia , Ma Yuanyuan , Li Feng , Tan Yisheng , Zhu Zhenping 
Published: March 2018

AbstractLarge scale and sustainable solar hydrogen evolution through photocatalytic water splitting requires highly active and stable earth‐abundant co‐catalysts to reduce water to H2. There are still a series of key challenges existed for the practical application, although many efforts have been made, such as low efficiency, difficult recovery of powder catalyst and so on. In this work, we constructed a film‐like photocatalyst CdS−Ni3S2/NF with abundant interfaces or junctions for the first time by integrating the CdS and Ni3S2 nanosheets supported on nickel foam (NF). The resultant photocatalyst exhibits a photocatalytic H2 production rate of 100.50 mmol gCdS−1 h−1, which is about 6.8 times that for CdS‐2wt%Pt/NF (14.86 mmol g−1 h−1). And the rate of H2 evolution can be expressed as 589.86 μmol cm−2 day−1, which means 132 L H2 could be generated by using 1 m2 CdS−Ni3S2/NF photocatalyst under visible light irradiation in 12 h. The enhanced photocatalytic activity was attributed to the rich interfaces or junctions between CdS and Ni3S2 nanosheets, and excellent kinetic of Ni3S2 nanosheets for reducing water to H2. This work provides a new avenue for developing high performance photocatalyst system for practically renewable H2 energy generation and environmental remediation.