bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of resveratrol on in vitro maturation of porcine oocytes and subsequent early embryonic development following somatic cell nuclear transfer
Authors: Wang Xuefang , Zhu Xiangxing , Liang Xingwei , Xu Huiyan , Liao Yuying , Lu Kehuan , Lu Shengsheng 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAs a natural plant‐derived antitoxin, resveratrol possesses several pharmacological activities. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of resveratrol addition on nuclear maturation, oocyte quality during in vitro maturation (IVM) of porcine oocytes and subsequent early embryonic development following somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Our experiments showed that the treatment of porcine oocytes with 5 µM resveratrol during IVM resulted in the highest rate of the first polar body extrusion. Treatment of oocytes with resveratrol had no influence on cytoskeletal dynamics, whereas it significantly increased glucose uptake ability compared to the control oocytes. Oocytes matured with 5 μM resveratrol displayed significantly lower intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and higher relative mRNA expression levels of the genes encoding such antioxidant enzymes as catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1). In addition, resveratrol also prevented onset and progression of programmed cell death in porcine oocytes, which was confirmed by significant upregulation of the anti‐apoptotic B‐cell lymphoma 2 (BCL‐2) gene and significant downregulation of the pro‐apoptotic BCL2‐associated X (BAX) gene. Furthermore, the blastocyst rates and the blastocyst cell numbers in cloned embryos derived from the oocytes that had matured in the presence of 5 μM resveratrol were significantly increased. In conclusion, supplementation of IVM medium with 5 μM resveratrol improves the quality of porcine oocytes by protecting them from oxidative damage and apoptosis, which leads to the production of meiotically matured oocytes exhibiting enhanced developmental potential following SCNT.
Validation of a 2‐mm videoendoscope for the evaluation of the paranasal sinuses with a minimally invasive technique
Authors: Pouyet Morgane , G. Bonilla Alvaro 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the technique, experience, and limitations of using a 2‐mm flexible endoscope to perform standing minimally invasive sinoscopy.Study designIn phases 1 and 2, we used cadaveric heads (ex vivo). In phase 3, we used unaffected horses (in vivo).AnimalsFive cadaveric equine skulls in phase 1 and 10 cadaveric equine skulls in phase 2. Six horses older than 5 years in phase 3.MethodsIn phase 1, the specimens were used to determine the suitability of the endoscope for sinoscopy and the ideal landmarks to approach the paranasal sinuses through minisinusotomies performed with a 14 gauge needle. In phase 2, a nonblinded evaluation of the visualization of the different sinus compartments was performed, and a score was attributed to each structure. Procedures were video recorded and compared with direct visualization of the sinuses after performing frontal and maxillary flaps. In phase 3, the technique was validated in healthy horses under sedation.ResultsThe landmarks determined in phase 1 allowed a thorough exploration of the sinuses in phases 2 and 3. Sinoscopy findings were confirmed after direct visualization of the sinuses via frontal and maxillary bone flaps in phase 2. The procedure was well tolerated by all horses.ConclusionMinimally invasive sinoscopy was readily performed without relevant complications in standing horses. A thorough evaluation of most sinus structures was obtained only using the frontal and the rostral maxillary portals.Clinical significanceMinimally invasive sinoscopy offers an alternative diagnostic tool to veterinarians. A specialized endoscope and appropriate training are required to perform this minimally invasive procedure.
Discharge against medical advice in culturally and linguistically diverse Australian children
Authors: Guo Xin Yue , Woolfenden Susan , McDonald Gordon , Saavedra Aldo , Lingam Raghu 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesThis study quantifies the prevalence and rates of discharge against medical advice (DAMA) in culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) children and assesses the independent association between CALD status and DAMA accounting for key demographic confounders in a large tertiary Australian hospital network.MethodsProspectively collected data between 2010 and 2018 were extracted from the hospital network electronic medical records system for admitted patients (n=192 037), outpatients (n=268 904) and between 2015 and 2018 for emergency department (ED) patients (n=158 903). CALD status was defined as ‘preferred language being not English’ and DAMA was measured as ‘discharge at own risk’ in admissions, ‘no show’ in outpatients, ‘left without being seen’ and ‘did not wait’ in ED. Data were analysed using χ² test, bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression.ResultsThe prevalence of DAMA was 1.34% in admitted patients, 19.31% in outpatients and 12.64% in ED patients. Rates of DAMA were higher among CALD children compared to non-CALD children (1.75% vs 1.29% in admitted patients, 26.53% vs 17.92% in outpatients and 18.74% vs 11.61% in ED patients). CALD status was independently associated with DAMA in admitted children (OR=1.30, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.44), outpatients (OR=1.55; 95% CI 1.51 to 1.58) and ED patients (OR=1.60; 95% CI 1.53 to 1.66).ConclusionBeing from a CALD background places children at increased risks to DAMA. Implementing appropriate health service responses may ensure equitable access and quality care for children from CALD backgrounds to reduce the rates of DAMA and its associated ramifications.
Perceived diabetes risk and related determinants in individuals with high actual diabetes risk: results from a nationwide population-based survey
Authors: Heidemann Christin , Paprott Rebecca , Stühmann Lena M , Baumert Jens , Mühlenbruch Kristin , Hansen Sylvia , Schiborn Catarina , Zahn Daniela , Gellert Paul , Scheidt-Nave Christa 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was first, to examine perceived diabetes risk compared with actual diabetes risk in the general population and second, to investigate which factors determine whether persons at increased actual risk also perceive themselves at elevated risk.Research design and methodsThe study comprised adults (aged 18–97 years) without known diabetes from a nationwide survey on diabetes-related knowledge and information needs in Germany in 2017. Actual diabetes risk was calculated by an established risk score estimating the 5-year probability of developing type 2 diabetes and was compared with perceived risk of getting diabetes over the next 5 years (response options: 'almost no risk', 'slight risk', 'moderate risk', 'high risk'; n = 2327). Among adults with an increased actual diabetes risk (n=639), determinants of perceived risk were investigated using multivariable logistic regression analysis.ResultsAcross groups with a 'low' (<2%), 'still low' (2% to<5%), 'elevated' (5% to <10%), and 'high' (≥10%) actual diabetes risk, a proportion of 89.0%, 84.5%, 79.3%, and 78.9%, respectively, perceived their diabetes risk as almost absent or slight. Among those with an increased (elevated/high) actual risk, independent determinants of an increased (moderate/high) perceived risk included younger age (OR 0.92 (95% CI 0.88 to 0.96) per year), family history of diabetes (2.10 (1.06–4.16)), and being informed about an increased diabetes risk by a physician (3.27 (1.51–7.07)), but none of further diabetes risk factors, healthcare behaviors or beliefs about diabetes.ConclusionsAcross categories of actual diabetes risk, perceived diabetes risk was low, even if actual diabetes risk was high. For effective strategies of primary diabetes prevention, attention should be directed to risk communication at the population level as well as in primary care practice.
Effect of in utero exposure to HIV and antiretroviral drugs on growth in HIV-exposed uninfected children: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Ekali Gabriel L , Jesson Julie , Enok Pascal B , Leroy Valériane 
Published: June 2019

IntroductionHIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) children have higher morbidity and mortality compared with HIV unexposed uninfected children. Despite the fact that malnutrition contributes to about half of all infant deaths below 5 years of age in low-income and middle-income countries and that growth impairment has been reported in the HEU population, the spectrum of growth disorders associated with HIV and antiretroviral therapy (ART) exposure during the in utero and perinatal periods is yet to comprehensively summarised among the global HEU population. This protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis aims to critically synthesise data concerning the prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting at different ages in the global HEU population.Methods and analysisMedline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, TOXLINE, WHO Global Index Medicus and the Web of Science will be searched for relevant articles published between 1 January 1989 and 1 December 2017 without language restriction. In addition, conference abstracts and reference lists of eligible papers and relevant review articles will be screened. Authors will screen and select studies, extract data, assess the risk of bias as well as studies individually for heterogeneity. Study-specific estimates will be pooled through a random-effects meta-analysis model for studies that are clinically homogeneous while funnel plots and Egger’s test will be used to detect publication bias. Results will be presented by ART availability period, country income levels and mode of breastfeeding.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval will not be required for this study because it will be based on published data. The final report of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at scientific conferences. This review will summarise the evidence and quantify the problem of growth impairment in HEU infants and so shed more light on our understanding of the higher morbidity and mortality in this growing population.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018091762.
Impact of smoking on health system costs among cancer patients in a retrospective cohort study in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Isaranuwatchai Wanrudee , de Oliveira Claire , Mittmann Nicole , Evans William K (Bill) , Peter Alice , Truscott Rebecca , Chan Kelvin KW 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveSmoking is the main modifiable cancer risk factor. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of smoking on health system costs among newly diagnosed adult patients with cancer. Specifically, costs of patients with cancer who were current smokers were compared with those of non-smokers from a publicly funded health system perspective.MethodsThis population-based cohort study of patients with cancer used administrative databases to identify smokers and non-smokers (1 April 2014–31 March 2016) and their healthcare costs in the 12–24 months following a cancer diagnosis. The health services included were hospitalisations, emergency room visits, drugs, home care services and physician services (from the time of diagnosis onwards). The difference in cost (ie, incremental cost) between patients with cancer who were smokers and those who were non-smokers was estimated using a generalised linear model (with log link and gamma distribution), and adjusted for age, sex, neighbourhood income, rurality, cancer site, cancer stage, geographical region and comorbidities.ResultsThis study identified 3606 smokers and 14 911 non-smokers. Smokers were significantly younger (61 vs 65 years), more likely to be male (53%), lived in poorer neighbourhoods, had more advanced cancer stage,and were more likely to die within 1 year of diagnosis, compared with non-smokers. The regression model revealed that, on average, smokers had significantly higher monthly healthcare costs ($5091) than non-smokers ($4847), p<0.05.ConclusionsSmoking status has a significant impact on healthcare costs among patients with cancer. On average, smokers incurred higher healthcare costs than non-smokers. These findings provide a further rationale for efforts to introduce evidence-based smoking cessation programmes as a standard of care for patients with cancer as they have the potential not only to improve patients’ outcomes but also to reduce the economic burden of smoking on the healthcare system.
Weight change and the risk of incident atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jones Nicholas R , Taylor Kathryn S , Taylor Clare, J , Aveyard Paul 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundThe prevalence of obesity is increasing globally and this could partly explain the worldwide increase in the prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF), as both overweight and obesity are established risk factors. However, the relationship between weight change and risk of incident AF, independent of starting weight, remains uncertain.MethodsMEDLINE, Embase, Pubmed, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Trials Register—clinicaltrials.gov, CINAHL and the WHO ICTRP were searched from inception to July 2018.We included randomised controlled trials and cohort studies across all healthcare settings but excluded studies of bariatric surgery. A random effects model was used to calculate pooled hazard ratios. The primary outcome was the risk of incident AF in relation to weight change.ResultsTen studies, including 108 996 people, met our inclusion criteria. For a 5% gain in weight, the incidence of AF increased by 13% (HR 1.13, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.23, I2=70%, n>20 411 in five studies; study size was unknown for one study). A 5% loss in body weight was not associated with a significant change in the incidence of AF (HR 1.04, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.16, I2=73%, n=40 704 in five studies).ConclusionsWeight gain may increase the risk of AF, but there was no clear evidence that non-surgical weight loss altered AF incidence. Strategies to prevent weight gain in the population may reduce the global burden of AF. Given the lack of studies and methodological limitations, further research is needed.
IL-6-PAD4 axis in the earliest phase of arthritis in knock-in gp130F759 mice, a model for rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Yahagi Ayano , Saika Taro , Hirano Hiroyasu , Takai-Imamura Miwa , Tsuji Fumio , Aono Hiroyuki , Iseki Masanori , Morita Yoshitaka , Igarashi Hideya , Saeki Yukihiko , Ishihara Katsuhiko 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveAnimal models for human diseases are especially valuable for clarifying molecular mechanisms before or around the onset. As a model for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we utilise knock-in mice gp130F759. They have a Y759F mutation in gp130, a common receptor subunit for interleukin 6 (IL-6) family cytokines. Definitive arthritis develops around 8 months old and the incidence reaches 100% around 1 year old. Careful examination in the clinical course revealed very subtle resistance in flexibility of joints at 5 months old. Therefore, pathophysiological changes in gp130F759 were examined to dissect molecular mechanisms for preclinical phase of RA.MethodsSeverity of arthritis in gp130F759 was evaluated with a clinical score system and histological quantification. Serum cytokines, autoantibodies and C reactive protein (CRP) were measured. Changes in the synovium were analysed by real-time PCR, flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry.ResultsAround 5 months old, various types of cytokines, rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-circular citrullinated peptide IgM and CRP increased in the sera of gp130F759. Enhancement of neovascularisation, synovial hyperplasia and fibrosis was observed. Also, increases in haematopoietic cells dominated by innate immune cells and gene expression ofIl6andPadi4were detected in the joints.Il6was expressed by non-haematopoietic synovial cells, whereas PAD4 protein was detected in the synovial neutrophils.Padi4is induced in neutrophils in vitro by IL-6. Increases of phospho-STAT3 and PAD4 protein were detected in the synovium. Deletion of IL-6 in gp130F759 normalised the amount of PAD4 protein in the joints.ConclusionThe IL-6-PAD4 axis operates in the earliest phase of arthritis in gp130F759, implicating it in early RA.
Perfusion and plaque evaluation to predict recurrent stroke in symptomatic middle cerebral artery stenosis
Authors: Lyu Jinhao , Ma Ning , Tian Chenglin , Xu Feng , Shao Hang , Zhou Xin , Ma Lin , Lou Xin 
Published: June 2019

Background and purposeWe investigated the baseline demographics of patients with severe unilateral atherosclerotic stenosis of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) using multimodal MRI and evaluated the haemodynamic impairments and plaque characteristics of patients who had a recurrent stroke.Materials and methodsWe retrospectively recruited consecutive patients with severe unilateral atherosclerotic MCA stenosis who underwent arterial spin labelling (ASL) with postlabelling delay (PLD) of 1.5 and 2.5 s, and vessel wall MRI. For each PLD, cerebral blood flow (CBF) maps were generated. Hypoperfusion volume ratio (HVR) from 2 PLD CBF was calculated. An HVR value ≥50% was considered as severe HVR. Plaque areas, plaque burden, plaque length and remodelling index were measured. Plaque enhancement at maximal lumen narrowing site were graded. Baseline clinical and imaging characteristics were compared between patients with (event+) and without (event−) 1 year ischaemic events.ResultsForty-three patients (47.23±12.15 years; 28 men) were enrolled in this study. Seven patients had an HVR ≥50%. During the 1-year follow-up, 7 patients had experienced a recurrent stroke. HVR were significantly higher in the event+ than event− (53.17%±29.82% vs 16.9%±15.57%, p=0.0002), whereas no significant difference was detected in plaque areas, plaque burden, remodelling index, plaque length and plaque enhancement grade. The multivariable analysis revealed that a severe HVR was significantly associated with a recurrent stroke (Odds ratio=12.93, 95% confidence interval 1.57 to 106.24, p=0.017) after adjusted by hypertension and smoking.ConclusionHVR obtained from two PLD ASL may be a useful imaging predictor of recurrent stroke.
Intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging assessment of microvascular characteristics in the murine embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma model
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Zeng Dewei , Zhang Yu , Tao Juan , Liu Yajie , Lkhagvadorj Tsendjav , Yin Zhenzhen , Wang Shaowu 
Published: June 2019

Background Intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging (IVIM-DWI) can distinguish the false diffusion generated by microvascular blood flow from the true water molecule diffusion. Purpose To investigate the correlation between IVIM-DWI parameters and angiogenic markers such as the microvessel density and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in the murine embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma model. Material and Methods The murine embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma model was produced by subcutaneously injecting 107 human embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma cells into the right back of nude mice. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), pseudo-diffusion coefficient (D*), true diffusion coefficient (D), and perfusion fraction (f) were obtained from 22 mice models using IVIM-DWI with b-values of 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000, and 1200 s/mm2. The microvessel density and VEGF expression were obtained by histologic examination. We then compared the correlation between IVIM-DWI parameters and microvessel density and VEGF expression. Results The average ADC, D*, D, and f values were 1.05 ± 0.27 × 10−3 mm2/s, 6.19 ± 1.78 × 10−3 mm2/s, 0.69 ± 0.09 ×10−3 mm2/s, and 17.68 ± 8.41 (%), respectively. There was moderate positive correlation between D* value and microvessel density and VEGF expression (r = 0.484, P = 0.023; r = 0.511, P = 0.015). However, there was no significant correlation between ADC, D, and f values and microvessel density and VEGF expression. Conclusion The D* value from IVIM-DWI may be used to evaluate tumor angiogenesis in the murine embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma model.
Singularities in the flying electromagnetic doughnuts
Authors: Zdagkas Apostolos , Papasimakis Nikitas , Savinov Vassili , Dennis Mark R. , Zheludev Nikolay I. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Flying doughnuts (FDs) are exact propagating solutions of Maxwell equations in the form of single-cycle, space-time non-separable toroidal pulses. Here we review their properties and reveal the existence of a complex and robust fine topological structure. In particular, the electric and magnetic fields of the FD pulse vanish across a number of planes, spherical shells and rings, and display a number of point singularities including saddle points and vortices. Moreover, the instantaneous Poynting vector of the field exhibits a large number of singularities, which are often accompanied by extended areas energy backflow.
Designing nanophotonic structures using conditional deep convolutional generative adversarial networks
Authors: So Sunae , Rho Junsuk 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Data-driven design approaches based on deep learning have been introduced in nanophotonics to reduce time-consuming iterative simulations, which have been a major challenge. Here, we report the first use of conditional deep convolutional generative adversarial networks to design nanophotonic antennae that are not constrained to predefined shapes. For given input reflection spectra, the network generates desirable designs in the form of images; this allows suggestions of new structures that cannot be represented by structural parameters. Simulation results obtained from the generated designs agree well with the input reflection spectrum. This method opens new avenues toward the development of nanophotonics by providing a fast and convenient approach to the design of complex nanophotonic structures that have desired optical properties.
Engaging a Data Revolution: Open Science Data Hubs and the New Role for Universities in Africa
Authors: Mutuku Christine Mwongeli 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This paper presents a new ideology for engaging Africa in a data revolution. It explores the idea of creating open-science-data-hubs (OSDH) at flag-ship universities in Africa to preserve and share both internally and externally produced data. Although limited in the technical aspect, the objective here is to explore the pragmatism of how and why such an endeavor in Africa should be undertaken. This paper argues that the African university is uniquely placed to play this new role in today’s technological world and discusses the characteristics and foundational pillars necessary to set up such a program. The arguments provided here challenge Africa to be smart and adopt clever solutions to their data generation, collection and access problems, by finding value and a new role in the intellectuals and institutions of higher learning and in the necessity to involve them in the generation, preservation and sharing of data and knowledge that can be used in the policy formulation process.
Effect of Pressure Distribution on the Energy Dissipation of Lap Joints under Equal Pre-tension Force
Authors: Sun Delin , Zhu Minggao 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this paper, the energy dissipation in a bolted lap joint is studied using a continuum microslip model. Five contact pressure distributions compliant with the power law are considered, and all of them have equal pretension forces. The effects of different pressure distributions on the interface stick-slip transitions and hysteretic characteristics are presented. The calculation formulation of the energy dissipation is introduced. The energy dissipation results are plotted on linear and log-log coordinates to investigate the effect of the pressure distribution on the energy distribution. It is shown that the energy dissipations of the lap joints are related to the minimum pressure in the overlapped area, the size of the contact area and the value of the power exponent. The work provides a theoretical basis for further effective use of the joint energy dissipation.