bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ground reference data for sugarcane biomass estimation in São Paulo state, Brazil
Authors: Molijn Ramses A. , Iannini Lorenzo , Rocha Jansle Vieira , Hanssen Ramon F. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn order to make effective decisions on sustainable development, it is essential for sugarcane-producing countries to take into account sugarcane acreage and sugarcane production dynamics. The availability of sugarcane biophysical data along the growth season is key to an effective mapping of such dynamics, especially to tune agronomic models and to cross-validate indirect satellite measurements. Here, we introduce a dataset comprising 3,500 sugarcane observations collected from October 2014 until October 2015 at four fields in the São Paulo state (Brazil). The campaign included both non-destructive measurements of plant biometrics and destructive biomass weighing procedures. The acquisition plan was designed to maximize cost-effectiveness and minimize field-invasiveness, hence the non-destructive measurements outnumber the destructive ones. To compensate for such imbalance, a method to convert the measured biometrics into biomass estimates, based on the empirical adjustment of allometric models, is proposed. In addition, the paper addresses the precisions associated to the ground measurements and derived metrics. The presented growth dynamics and associated precisions can be adopted when designing new sugarcane measurement campaigns.
CMOS depth sensor with programmable filter circuits for environment‐adaptive noise suppression
Authors: Seo H. , Kim B. , Chun J.‐H. , Kim S.‐J. , Choi J. 
Published: August 2018

This Letter introduces a CMOS depth sensor with a multi‐resolution single‐photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array and area‐efficient filter circuit with a programmable reference for environment‐adaptive noise suppression. Four SPADs compose a macro‐pixel for detecting targets at a short distance with high resolution, whereas 4 × 4 SPADs are reconfigured to a super‐pixel for a long distance with enhanced signal‐to‐noise ratio. To provide environment‐adaptive noise suppression in the miniaturised SPAD array, an area‐efficient filter circuit with a programmable reference is proposed: a digital macro‐filter corresponding to a macro‐pixel and an analogue super filter corresponding to a super‐pixel. The prototype chip was fabricated with a 110 nm CMOS image‐sensor process, including 128 SPAD farm arrays and 128 analogue front‐end circuits. With high background light of over 90 klx and a high dark‐count rate of over 27.1 kHz, the time‐of‐flight could be measured by filtering out invalid pulses from noise without using multiple time‐to‐digital converters per pixel, which enables the implementation of miniaturised LiDAR‐sensor systems on a chip.
VLT/SPHERE astrometric confirmation and orbital analysis of the brown dwarf companion HR 2562 B
Authors: Maire A.-L. , Rodet L. , Lazzoni C. , Boccaletti A. , Brandner W. , Galicher R. , Cantalloube F. , Mesa D. , Klahr H. , Beust H. , Chauvin G. , Desidera S. , Janson M. , Keppler M. , Olofsson J. , Augereau J.-C. , Daemgen S. , Henning T. , Thébault P. , Bonnefoy M. , Feldt M. , Gratton R. , Lagrange A.-M. , Langlois M. , Meyer M. R. , Vigan A. , D’Orazi V. , Hagelberg J. , Le Coroller H. , Ligi R. , Rouan D. , Samland M. , Schmidt T. , Udry S. , Zurlo A. , Abe L. , Carle M. , Delboulbé A. , Feautrier P. , Magnard Y. , Maurel D. , Moulin T. , Pavlov A. , Perret D. , Petit C. , Ramos J. R. , Rigal F. , Roux A. , Weber L. 
Published: August 2018

Context. A low-mass brown dwarf has recently been imaged around HR 2562 (HD 50571), a star hosting a debris disk resolved in the far infrared. Interestingly, the companion location is compatible with an orbit coplanar with the disk and interior to the debris belt. This feature makes the system a valuable laboratory to analyze the formation of substellar companions in a circumstellar disk and potential disk-companion dynamical interactions.
Aims. We aim to further characterize the orbital motion of HR 2562 B and its interactions with the host star debris disk.
Methods. We performed a monitoring of the system over ~10 months in 2016 and 2017 with the VLT/SPHERE exoplanet imager.
Results. We confirm that the companion is comoving with the star and detect for the first time an orbital motion at high significance, with a current orbital motion projected in the plane of the sky of 25 mas (~0.85 au) per year. No orbital curvature is seen in the measurements. An orbital fit of the SPHERE and literature astrometry of the companion without priors on the orbital plane clearly indicates that its orbit is (quasi-)coplanar with the disk. To further constrain the other orbital parameters, we used empirical laws for a companion chaotic zone validated by N-body simulations to test the orbital solutions that are compatible with the estimated disk cavity size. Non-zero eccentricities (>0.15) are allowed for orbital periods shorter than 100 yr, while only moderate eccentricities up to ~0.3 for orbital periods longer than 200 yr are compatible with the disk observations. A comparison of synthetic Herschel images to the real data does not allow us to constrain the upper eccentricity of the companion.
Interaction of infalling solid bodies with primordial atmospheres of disk-embedded planets
Authors: Ragossnig Florian , Stökl Alexander , Dorfi Ernst , Johnstone Colin P. , Steiner Daniel , Güdel Manuel 
Published: August 2018

Context. Planets that form early enough to be embedded in the circumstellar gas disk accumulate thick atmospheres of nebular gas. Models of these atmospheres need to specify the surface luminosity (i.e. energy loss rate) of the planet. This luminosity is usually associated with a continuous inflow of solid bodies, where the gravitational energy released from these bodies is the source of energy. However, if these bodies release energy in the atmosphere instead of at the surface, this assumption might not be justified.
Aims. Our aim is to explore the interactions of infalling planetesimals with primordial atmospheres at an embedded phase of evolution. We investigate effects of atmospheric interaction on the planetesimals (mass loss) and the atmosphere (heating/cooling).
Methods. We used atmospheric parameters from a snapshot of time-dependent evolution simulations for embedded atmospheres and simulated purely radial, infall events of siliceous planetesimals in a 1D, explicit code. We implemented energy transfer between friction, radiation transfer by the atmosphere and the body, and thermal ablation; this gives us the possibility to examine the effects on the planetesimals and the atmosphere.
Results. We find that a significant amount of gravitational energy is indeed dissipated into the atmosphere, especially for larger planetary cores, which consequently cannot contribute to the atmospheric planetary luminosity. Furthermore, we examine that planetesimal infall events for cores, MC > 2M⊕, which actually result in a local cooling of the atmosphere; this is totally in contradiction with the classical model.
Kinderspiel
Authors: Nehrig Ulrike , Piron Laura 
Published: August 2018

ZusammenfassungPro Jahr verunglücken in Deutschland zwei Millionen Kinder und Jugendliche. Neben Kontusionen und Distorsionen tragen die jungen Patienten häufig Frakturen
davon. Diese unterscheiden sich teils deutlich von denen Erwachsener – im Pathomechanismus und der Nachbehandlung.
Plasma Proteolytic Cascade Activation during Neonatal Cardiopulmonary Bypass Surgery
Authors: Maroney Susan , Peterson Julie , Zwifelhofer Wes , Martinez Nicholas , Yan Ke , Bercovitz Rachel , Woods Ronald , Mast Alan 
Published: August 2018

Background Neonates undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery to correct congenital heart defects often experience excessive bleeding. Exposure of blood to artificial materials during CPB may activate coagulation, complement and inflammatory pathways. In addition, the surgical stress placed on the haemostatic system may result in cross-activation of other plasma proteolytic cascades, which could further complicate physiological responses to the surgical procedure and post-operative recovery. Plasma protease inhibitors undergo distinct conformational changes upon interaction with proteases, and, thereby, can serve as endogenous biosensors to identify activation of the different proteolytic cascades. We tested the hypothesis that changes in the concentration and conformation of protease inhibitors regulating plasma proteolytic cascades during neonatal CPB are associated with post-operative bleeding.
Patients and Methods Plasma samples from 44 neonates were obtained at four time points across the surgical procedure. Anti-thrombin, antitrypsin, anti-chymotrypsin, anti-plasmin, C1-inhibitor and tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) concentrations and conformations were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, transverse urea gradient gel electrophoresis and sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
Results/Conclusion The most striking changes were observed following heparin administration and were associated with the appearance of inactive forms of anti-thrombin and an increase in the plasma concentration of TFPI. Changes in anti-thrombin and TFPI remained evident throughout surgery and into the post-operative period but were not different between patients with or without post-operative bleeding. The concentration of antitrypsin decreased across surgery, but there was no significant accumulation of inactive conformations of any inhibitor besides anti-thrombin, indicating that widespread cross-activation of other plasma proteolytic cascades by coagulation proteases did not occur.
Pathophysiology and Imaging Diagnosis of Acute Mesenteric Ischemia
Authors: Sandstrom Claire 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAcute mesenteric ischemia is a potentially life-threatening condition associated with high mortality, particularly with any delay in treatment. Prompt diagnosis with imaging is crucial to achieve a favorable outcome. Both arterial and venous etiologies can result in ischemia, and the radiologist plays a central role in the initial evaluation of a patient with suspected acute mesenteric ischemia to guide management decisions. This article will review the appropriate imaging evaluation of a patient with suspected acute mesenteric ischemia. The overlapping and the distinguishing findings on imaging, as well as the relevant clinical features, will be discussed for the spectrum of both common and uncommon etiologies of mesenteric ischemia.
Translating Thartharah fawq al-Nil (“Adrift on the Nile”)
Authors: Dowaidar Ibrahim M. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Translation is an interdisciplinary activity in which translators must consider all aspects of the text being translated, including both psychology and ideology. They must also view translation as a complex process that spans linguistic, cultural, economic, and ideological factors, analysing intricate issues that usually lie at the boundaries of languages, cultures, and societies. This paper examines the challenges inherent in translating the sociolinguistic aspects of Thartharah fawq al-Nil (1966), published in English as “Adrift on the Nile” (1993) – challenges that include drug addicts’ slang and jargon, register, and figurative language. The specific objective is to identify error patterns produced by the translator and to analyse these errors quantitatively and qualitatively, assessing their negative impact on the reader and suggesting possible solutions. “Adrift on the Nile” is an important novel in an exceptional period of modern Egyptian history, and is regarded by many critics as “one of the richest essays on symbolism” (Allen 1982: 145). This paper calls for adopting a more sociolinguistic perspective when translating unique texts overloaded with cultural and socio-political meanings.
Large extracellular vesicles carry most of the tumour DNA circulating in prostate cancer patient plasma
Authors: Vagner Tatyana , Spinelli Cristiana , Minciacchi Valentina R. , Balaj Leonora , Zandian Mandana , Conley Andrew , Zijlstra Andries , Freeman Michael R. , Demichelis Francesca , De Subhajyoti , Posadas Edwin M. , Tanaka Hisashi , Di Vizio Dolores 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTCancer‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane‐enclosed structures of highly variable size. EVs contain a myriad of substances (proteins, lipid, RNA, DNA) that provide a reservoir of circulating molecules, thus offering a good source of biomarkers. We demonstrate here that large EVs (L‐EV) (large oncosomes) isolated from prostate cancer (PCa) cells and patient plasma are an EV population that is enriched in chromosomal DNA, including large fragments up to 2 million base pair long. While L‐EVs and small EVs (S‐EV) (exosomes) isolated from the same cells contained similar amounts of protein, the DNA was more abundant in L‐EVs, despite S‐EVs being more numerous. Consistent with in vitro observations, the abundance of DNA in L‐EV obtained from PCa patient plasma was variable but frequently high. Conversely, negligible amounts of DNA were present in the S‐EVs from the same patients. Controlled experimental conditions, with spike‐ins of L‐EVs and S‐EVs from cancer cells in human plasma from healthy subjects, showed that circulating DNA is almost exclusively enclosed in L‐EVs. Whole genome sequencing revealed that the DNA in L‐EVs reflects genetic aberrations of the cell of origin, including copy number variations of genes frequently altered in metastatic PCa (i.e. MYC, AKT1, PTK2, KLF10 and PTEN). These results demonstrate that L‐EV‐derived DNA reflects the genomic make‐up of the tumour of origin. They also support the conclusion that L‐EVs are the fraction of plasma EVs with DNA content that should be interrogated for tumour‐derived genomic alterations.
Draft genome assembly of the invasive cane toad, Rhinella marina
Authors: Edwards Richard J , Tuipulotu Daniel Enosi , Amos Timothy G , O'Meally Denis , Richardson Mark F , Russell Tonia L , Vallinoto Marcelo , Carneiro Miguel , Ferrand Nuno , Wilkins Marc R , Sequeira Fernando , Rollins Lee A , Holmes Edward C , Shine Richard , White Peter A 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Background
The cane toad (Rhinella marina formerly Bufo marinus) is a species native to Central and South America that has spread across many regions of the globe. Cane toads are known for their rapid adaptation and deleterious impacts on native fauna in invaded regions. However, despite an iconic status, there are major gaps in our understanding of cane toad genetics. The availability of a genome would help to close these gaps and accelerate cane toad research.

Findings
We report a draft genome assembly for R. marina, the first of its kind for the Bufonidae family. We used a combination of long-read Pacific Biosciences RS II and short-read Illumina HiSeq X sequencing to generate 359.5 Gb of raw sequence data. The final hybrid assembly of 31,392 scaffolds was 2.55 Gb in length with a scaffold N50 of 168 kb. BUSCO analysis revealed that the assembly included full length or partial fragments of 90.6% of tetrapod universal single-copy orthologs (n = 3950), illustrating that the gene-containing regions have been well assembled. Annotation predicted 25,846 protein coding genes with similarity to known proteins in Swiss-Prot. Repeat sequences were estimated to account for 63.9% of the assembly.

Conclusions
The R. marina draft genome assembly will be an invaluable resource that can be used to further probe the biology of this invasive species. Future analysis of the genome will provide insights into cane toad evolution and enrich our understanding of their interplay with the ecosystem at large.
Cost-effectiveness of a mentorship and quality improvement intervention to enhance the quality of antenatal care at rural health centers in Rwanda
Authors: Manzi Anatole , Mugunga Jean Claude , Nyirazinyoye Laetitia , Iyer Hari S , Hedt-Gauthier Bethany , Hirschhorn Lisa R , Ntaganira Joseph 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo estimate cost-effectiveness of Mentorship, Enhanced Supervision for Healthcare and Quality Improvement (MESH-QI) intervention to strengthen the quality of antenatal care at rural health centers in rural Rwanda.DesignCost-effectiveness analysis of the MESH-QI intervention using the provider perspective.SettingKirehe and Rwinkwavu District Hospital catchment areas, Rwanda.InterventionMESH-QI.Main outcome measuresIncremental cost per antenatal care visit with complete danger sign and vital sign assessments.ResultsThe total annual costs of standard antenatal care supervision was 10 777.21 USD at the baseline, whereas the total costs of MESH-QI intervention was 19 656.53 USD. Human resources (salary and benefits) and transport drove the majority of program expenses, (44.8% and 40%, respectively). Other costs included training of mentors (12.9%), data management (6.5%) and equipment (6.5%). The incremental cost per antenatal care visit attributable to MESH-QI with all assessment items completed was 0.70 USD for danger signs and 1.10 USD for vital signs.ConclusionsMESH-QI could be an affordable and effective intervention to improve the quality of antenatal care at health centers in low-resource settings. Cost savings would increase if MESH-QI mentors were integrated into the existing healthcare systems and deployed to sites with higher volume of antenatal care visits.
Repeat Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Progressive or Recurrent Vestibular Schwannomas
Authors: Iorio-Morin Christian , Liscak Roman , Vladyka Vilibald , Kano Hideyuki , Jacobs Rachel C , Lunsford L Dade , Cohen-Inbar Or , Sheehan Jason , Emad Reem , Karim Khalid Abdel , El-Shehaby Amr , Reda Wael A , Lee Cheng-Chia , Pai Fu-Yuan , Wolf Amparo , Kondziolka Douglas , Grills Inga , Lee Kuei C , Mathieu David 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a highly effective management approach for patients with vestibular schwannomas (VS), with 10-yr control rates up 98%. When it fails, however, few data are available to guide management.

OBJECTIVE
To perform a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent 2 SRS procedures on the same VS to assess the safety and efficacy of this practice.

METHODS
This study was opened to centers of the International Gamma Knife Research Foundation (IGKRF). Data collected included patient characteristics, clinical symptoms at the time of SRS, radiosurgery dosimetric data, imaging response, clinical evolution, and survival. Actuarial analyses of tumor responses were performed.

RESULTS
Seventy-six patients from 8 IGKRF centers were identified. Median follow-up from the second SRS was 51.7 mo. Progression after the first SRS occurred at a median of 43 mo. Repeat SRS was performed using a median dose of 12 Gy. Actuarial tumor control rates at 2, 5, and 10 yr following the second SRS were 98.6%, 92.2%, and 92.2%, respectively. Useful hearing was present in 30%, 8%, and 5% of patients at first SRS, second SRS, and last follow-up, respectively. Seventy-five percent of patients reported stable or improved symptoms following the second SRS. Worsening of facial nerve function attributable to SRS occurred in 7% of cases. There were no reports of radionecrosis, radiation-associated edema requiring corticosteroids, radiation-related neoplasia, or death attributable to the repeat SRS procedure.

CONCLUSION
Patients with progressing VS after radiosurgery can be safely and effectively managed using a second SRS procedure.
Opportunities and challenges of incorporating clinical outcome assessments in brain tumor clinical trials
Authors: Molinari Emanuela , Mendoza Tito R , Gilbert Mark R 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Regulatory agencies have progressively emphasized the importance of assessing broader aspects of patient well-being to better define therapeutic gain. As a result, clinical outcome assessments (COAs) are increasingly used to evaluate the impact, both positive and negative, of cancer treatments and in some instances have played a major factor in the regulatory approval of drugs. Challenges remain, however, in the routine incorporation of these measures in cancer clinical trials, particularly in brain tumor studies. Factors unique to brain tumor patients such as cognitive decline and language dysfunction may hamper their successful implementation. Study designs often relegated these outcome measures to exploratory endpoints, further compromising data completion. New strategies are needed to maximize the complementary information that COAs could add to clinical trials alongside more traditional measures such as progression-free and overall survival. The routine incorporation of COAs as either primary or secondary objectives with attention to minimizing missing data should define a novel clinical trial design. We provide a review of the approaches, challenges, and opportunities for incorporating COAs into brain tumor clinical research, providing a perspective for integrating these measures into clinical trials.
Lumbar Arthroplasty Core Herniation Presenting With Cauda Equina Syndrome: Case Report of a Rare Complication
Authors: Elswick Clay M , Ahmed Hazem M 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Treatment failures of artificial disc implantation are well-described, but posterior herniation of the arthroplasty core is rare. We present a case of posterior herniation of the arthroplasty core resulting in cauda equina syndrome in a 36-yr-old woman. Preoperative imaging studies including computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and CT Myelogram were performed; only the CT Myelogram demonstrated the severe compression well. This report highlights the radiographic findings on multiple imaging modalities, clinical implications, and management considerations of posterior arthroplasty failures.

OBJECTIVE
To demonstrate a rare complication of lumbar arthroplasties. The biomechanical considerations, surgical management, and thorough radiographic work-up demonstrate successful diagnosis and treatment of this unusual complication.

METHODS
The patient's chart was reviewed for medical history, laboratory and radiographic studies, and outpatient clinical follow-up.

RESULTS
After imaging work-up, this patient was found to have a herniation of the arthroplasty core at L5-S1. She was taken emergently to the operating room for a decompression at L5-S1 and arthroplasty core removal. She made some recovery neurological, but over 3 mo time, she developed a spondylolisthesis with new back pain and radiculopathy. This ultimately responded well to an L5-S1 instrumented posterior fusion.

CONCLUSION
Posterior herniation of the lumbar arthroplasty core is a rare complication from implantation of an artificial lumbar disc. Confirmation of the diagnosis is best confirmed with a CT Myelogram. Furthermore, this case underscores the biomechanical importance of the artificial disc given the development of the spondylolisthesis after removal, and fusion after arthroplasty core removal should be considered.