bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flax nanofibrils production via supercritical carbon dioxide pre‐treatment and enzymatic hydrolysis
Authors: Nlandu Hervé , Belkacemi Khaled , Chorfa Nasima , Elkoun Said , Robert Mathieu , Hamoudi Safia 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFlax fibres are an agro‐industrial waste available in large quantities in several countries around the world. This resource can be properly used. The goal of this work was to extract lignocellulosic nanosized flax fibres using an environmentally friendly process based on a combination of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC‐CO2) pre‐treatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. Raw flax fibres (RFF) were submitted to a SC‐CO2 pre‐treatment at various temperatures (ie, 70°C and 80°C) and pressures (ie, 20 and 37.7 MPa) for 60 minutes. The enzymatic hydrolysis was performed at 40°C for 24 hours in a pH 4.0 buffer. Cellulase, xylanase, pectinase, and viscozyme were used as hydrolytic enzymes. The as‐received raw flax fibres, SC‐CO2 pretreated flax fibres, and extracted lignocellulosic nanofibrils (LCNF) were characterized by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was shown that the effect of the SC‐CO2 pre‐treatment of flax fibres was two‐fold. It helped to disorganize biomass without changing its chemical composition and it increased access to enzymes to extract LCNF. The FTIR analysis showed no changes in the functional groups after SC‐CO2 pre‐treatment. The XRD characterization revealed that the crystallinity increased with the SC‐CO2 pre‐treatment and LCNF extraction. SEM images showed holes, cracks, and erosion on the surface of the SC‐CO2 pretreated flax fibres (SC‐CO2‐PFF). TEM evidenced the production of nano/micro‐sized fibril and fibril aggregates.
Pressure‐driven displacement flows of yield stress fluids: Viscosity ratio effects
Authors: Eslami Ali , Mollaabbasi Roozbeh , Roustaei Ali , Taghavi Seyed Mohammad 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe numerically investigate pressure‐driven, density‐unstable displacement flows of two miscible fluids along a near‐horizontal 2D channel. The displacing fluid is a Newtonian fluid, slightly heavier than the displaced yield stress (Bingham) fluid. The imposed displacement flow is laminar. We show that the displacement flow is mainly governed by five dimensionless numbers, and their combinations, including the Reynolds number (Re), the Bingham number (Bn), the densimetric Froude number (Fr), the viscosity ratio (m), and the channel inclination angle (β). In this work, we primarily focus on the viscosity ratio and provide a detailed understanding of the flow behaviours via studying the effects of m on displacement flow patterns, regime classifications based on slump‐type and centre‐type displacement flow regimes, leading and trailing displacement front features, and finally the effects of m at different inclination angles.
Role of mineral flotation technology in improving bitumen extraction from mined Athabasca oil sands—II. Flotation hydrodynamics of water‐based oil sand extraction
Authors: Zhou Joe Z. , Li Haihong , Chow Ross S. , Liu Qingxia , Xu Zhenghe , Masliyah Jacob 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBitumen flotation hydrodynamics in water‐based oil sand extraction is critically reviewed by comparing aeration of oil sand slurries with mineral flotation. The role of the two‐stage particle‐bubble attachment model in flotation is emphasized as a means to accelerate bitumen flotation recovery. It involves the generation of micro/nanobubbles and their frosting on hydrophobic bitumen droplets, followed by their attachment to a flotation‐size bubble via its coalescence with the nanobubbles frosted on the bitumen. Nanobubble generation by hydrodynamic cavitation demonstrates that the size of nanobubbles can be reduced, and the number of nanobubbles increased by fast liquid flow, intensified agitation, high dissolved gas content and surfactant concentration. The mechanism of pre‐existing gas nuclei in enhancing nanobubble generation by cavitation is utilized to produce a large volume of stabilized nanobubbles for practical flotation, by continuously recirculating the stream through a gas saturation tank or a cavitation tube. The aeration of oil sand slurries in hydrotransport pipelines is analyzed based on its similarity to dissolved air flotation. Bitumen extraction recovery increased significantly with the presence of nanobubbles in the system. The role of improved flotation hydrodynamics in bitumen recovery is briefly discussed in terms of the Suncor operation using flotation columns to process oil sand middling streams. Future research should be directed at understanding bitumen flotation kinetics, optimizing size ranges of nanobubbles for maximized flotation recovery, minimizing wearing of cavitation tubes in industrial operations, and intensifying the role of in‐situ nanobubble nucleation on hydrophobic particles/bitumen droplets in flotation, especially for bitumen extraction from underperforming oil sands.
Hydrophilic Porous Poly(l‐Lactic Acid) Nanomembranes: Self‐Assembly, and Anti‐Biofouling and Anti‐Thrombosis Effects
Authors: Deng Xiulong , Zhang Mengbi , Tan Lishan , Zeng Tao , Lai Xuandi , Geng Xinran , Huang Caili , Li Aiqing , Pan Yanchao , Hu Jianqiang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHydrophilic PEGylated porous self‐assembled nanomembranes (PSANMs) with average thickness and pore diameter of ca. 10 and 20–24 nm were successfully prepared by an emulsification‐induced programmable self‐assembly strategy. The hydrophilicity, anti‐biofouling, and anti‐thrombosis properties of PEGylated PSANMs were largely improved in comparison with the nonfunctionalized PSANMs, which could transform into hydrophilic (PEGylated PSANMs, minimum water contact angle: 38.8°) from hydrophobic units (PSANMs, maximum water contact angle: 137.5°) with increasing PEG density and length. The total protein adsorption of PEGylated PSANMs was about six times lower than that of the PSANMs, while the thrombosis of the PEGylated PSANMs (maximum R‐time: 5.37 min) was also greatly relieved in comparison with the PSANMs (minimum R‐time: 2.93 min). Such PEG‐modified PSANMs may have applications in drug delivery and tissue and organ repair in vivo.
Synthesis of Glutathione (GSH)‐Responsive Amphiphilic Duplexes and their Application in Gene Delivery
Authors: Li Yong‐Qiang , Sun Wan , Liu Xu‐Ying , Chen Li‐Qing , Huang Wei , Lu Zhong‐Lin , He Lan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOligoamide molecular strands with hydrogen‐bonding sequences DADDAD and guanidine (O‐1) or 1,5,9‐triazacyclododecane ([12]aneN3; O‐2) side chains and oligoamides with hydrogen‐bonding sequences ADAADA and octyl moieties (O‐3), were synthesized. Two duplexes (D‐1 and D‐2) were prepared by conjugating the hydrophilic O‐1 or O‐2 and hydrophobic O‐3 through sequence‐specific hydrogen‐bond association and cross‐linked disulfide bonds. Electrophoresis measurements indicated that O‐1, O‐2, D‐1, and D‐2 were able to completely retard the DNA mobiliy at concentrations of 30, 30, 10, and 20 μM, respectively. Reversible DNA release in O‐1 and O‐2 complexes can be achieved in the presence of heparin sodium, whereas the presence of GSH greatly improved DNA release in D‐1 and D‐2 complexes. The particles formed were in a size range of 50–170 nm with positively charged surfaces. D‐1 and D‐2 transfected pEGFP−N1 into HeLa cells successfully.
Realization of High Capacity and Cycling Stability in Pb‐Free A2CuBr4 (A=CH3NH3/Cs, 2 D/3 D) Perovskite‐Based Li‐Ion Battery Anodes
Authors: Pandey Padmini , Sharma Neha , Panchal Reena A. , Gosavi S. W. , Ogale Satishchandra 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLead‐free hybrid and inorganic perovskites (A2CuBr4; A=CH3NH3 or Cs, 2 D or3 D) are synthesized by a room‐temperature solid‐state reaction route and examined as anode materials in Li‐ion batteries. A remarkably high reversible capacity of 630 mAh g−1 is realized in the 2 D hybrid perovskite at 100 mA g−1 at the end of 140 cycles. A full cell with this anode is also tested and shows impressive cycling stability. A good reversible capacity of 420 mAh g−1 with excellent stability tested up to 1400 cycles is also obtained for the 3 D perovskites. Pb‐free hybrid/inorganic halide perovskites can thus be used as viable anode materials for battery applications.
Effects of land‐use change on community diversity and composition are highly variable among functional groups
Authors: Graham Stuart I. , Kinnaird Margaret F. , O'Brien Timothy G. , Vågen Tor‐G , Winowiecki Leigh A. , Young Truman P. , Young Hillary S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn order to understand how the effects of land‐use change vary among taxa and environmental contexts, we investigate how three types of land‐use change have influenced phylogenetic diversity (PD) and species composition of three functionally distinct communities: plants, small mammals, and large mammals. We found large mammal communities were by far the most heavily impacted by land‐use change, with areas of attempted large wildlife exclusion and intense livestock grazing, respectively, containing 164 and 165 million fewer years of evolutionary history than conserved areas (~40% declines). The effects of land‐use change on PD varied substantially across taxa, type of land‐use change, and, for most groups, also across abiotic conditions. This highlights the need for taxa‐specific or multi‐taxa evaluations, for managers interested in conserving specific groups or whole communities, respectively. It also suggests that efforts to conserve and restore PD may be most successful if they focus on areas of particular land‐use types and abiotic conditions. Importantly, we also describe the substantial species turnover and compositional changes that cannot be detected by alpha diversity metrics, emphasizing that neither PD nor other taxonomic diversity metrics are sufficient proxies for ecological integrity. Finally, our results provide further support for the emerging consensus that conserved landscapes are critical to support intact assemblages of some lineages such as large mammals, but that mosaics of disturbed land‐uses, including both agricultural and pastoral land, do provide important habitats for a diverse array of plants and small mammals.
Effects of nutrient supply, herbivory, and host community on fungal endophyte diversity
Authors: Seabloom Eric W. , Condon Bradford , Kinkel Linda , Komatsu Kimberly J. , Lumibao Candice Y. , May Georgiana , McCulley Rebecca L. , Borer Elizabeth T. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe microbes contained within free‐living organisms can alter host growth, reproduction, and interactions with the environment. In turn, processes occurring at larger scales determine the local biotic and abiotic environment of each host that may affect the diversity and composition of the microbiome community. Here, we examine variation in the diversity and composition of the foliar fungal microbiome in the grass host, Andropogon gerardii, across four mesic prairies in the central United States. Composition of fungal endophyte communities differed among sites and among individuals within a site, but was not consistently affected by experimental manipulation of nutrient supply to hosts (A. gerardii) or herbivore reduction via fencing. In contrast, mean fungal diversity was similar among sites but was limited by total plant biomass at the plot scale. Our work demonstrates that distributed experiments motivated by ecological theory are a powerful tool to unravel the multiscale processes governing microbial community composition and diversity.
In‐situassessment of the spatial arrangement of step–pool units on eroded rills
Authors: Giménez Rafael , Zubieta Elena , Govers Gerard , Campo‐Bescos Miguel A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRills are generated on homogeneous hillslopes by the action of different discharges and evolve morphologically over short timescales due to a strong interaction between the flow and bed morphology. Such an interaction generates a reconfiguration of the bed geometry. Previous works suggest that bed geometry is often characterized by alternation between pools and flat reaches (steps). Each step–pool unit may contribute to hydraulic resistance and affects flow behaviour. The objectives of this work are (i) to assess different (innovative) techniques for thein‐situassessment of rill bed geometry, (ii) to use these techniques to assess the geometry of eroded rillsin situin order to determine the spatial arrangement in the bed macro‐scale roughness and (iii) finally to analyse the role of slope and discharge as driving factors associated with the development of these macroforms.Roughly rectilinear, long rills were formed in the field as a result of combining different slope and discharges. Photogrammetry provided detailed digital elevation models (DEMs) before and after the experiments. The rills were morphologically characterized from the DEMs. In each rill, the presence of step–pools was identified from long profiles according mainly to morphological criteria published elsewhere, but withad hoccritical threshold values more appropriate for small eroded channels.The minimum slope required for the development of step–pool units seems to be somewhere between 5 and 15%. Discharge seems to affect pool size or roughness amplitude.There does not seem to be a clear step–pool periodicity. However, external factors could have affected the normal growth and alternation of these structures. Identification of steps and pools from longitudinal elevation profiles can be objectively accomplished using a series of geometric rules originally proposed for rivers and large channels, and adapted to rills. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solubility, structural properties, and immunomodulatory activities of rice dreg protein modified with sodium alginate under microwave heating
Authors: Meng Xiangyong , Li Tingting , Song Teng , Chen Chang , Venkitasamy Chandrasekar , Pan Zhongli , Zhang Huien 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis research aims to investigate the solubility, structural properties, and immunomodulatory of rice dreg protein (RDP) modified with sodium alginate. The modification was done by wet heating assisted with microwave treatment. The solubility, emulsifying properties at pH 2–12, amino acid composition, molecular weight distribution, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, and FTIR spectra of modified RDP were analyzed and discussed. Results showed that Maillard reaction could significantly enhance the solubility and emulsifying capacity of RDP. Further, an animal model for cyclophosphamide‐induced immunodeficiency was designed to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of modified RDP. It is therefore suggested that modified RDP could improve the immunomodulatory effect of immunosuppressed mice, and the immunomodulation was concentration dependent, being generally enhanced by increased concentrations. This research revealed that glycosylation modification of RDP through Maillard reaction by wet heating assisted with microwave treatment may be successfully applied to improve the physicochemical properties and bioactive benefits of the final product.
Information share and its predictability in the Indian stock market
Authors: Karmakar Madhusudan , Inani Sarveshwar 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe study investigates price discovery in the Indian stock market and finds that spot market plays a dominating role in price discovery when it is estimated for the entire period as a whole. However, periodic measures of price discovery suggest that it does not remain the same throughout the period, but varies with time. Panel data analysis also indicates that spot market is more efficient in price discovery for majority of size and sector panels. Finally, while market state‐related variables are found to impact information shares in a majority of the cases, macroeconomic announcements rarely predict the price discovery.
Acetaminophen Intoxication Rapidly Induces Apoptosis of Intestinal Crypt Stem Cells and Enhances Intestinal Permeability
Authors: Chopyk Daniel M. , Stuart Johnasha D. , Zimmerman Matthew G. , Wen Jing , Gumber Sanjeev , Suthar Mehul S. , Thapa Manoj , Czaja Mark J. , Grakoui Arash 
Published: July 2019

Acetaminophen (APAP)‐induced liver injury is the most common cause of acute liver failure (ALF) in the Western world. APAP toxicity progresses to multiorgan dysfunction and thus has broader whole‐body implications. Importantly, greater 30‐day mortality has been observed in liver transplant recipients following ALF due to APAP‐related versus non‐APAP‐related causes. Reasons for this discrepancy have yet to be determined. Extrahepatic toxicities of APAP overdose may represent underappreciated and unaddressed comorbidities within this patient population. In the present study, rapid induction of apoptosis following APAP overdose was observed in the intestine, an organ that greatly influences the physiology of the liver. Strikingly, apoptotic cells appeared to be strictly restricted to the intestinal crypts. The use of leucine‐rich repeat‐containing G protein–coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) reporter mice confirmed that the LGR5‐positive (+) crypt base stem cells were disproportionately affected by APAP‐induced cell death. Although the apoptotic cells were cleared within 24 hours after APAP treatment, potentially long‐lived consequences on the intestine due to APAP exposure were indicated by prolonged deficits in gut barrier function. Moreover, small intestinal cell death was found to be independent of tumor necrosis factor receptor signaling and may represent a direct toxic insult to the intestine by exposure to high concentrations of APAP. Conclusion: APAP induces intestinal injury through a regulated process of apoptotic cell death that disproportionately affects LGR5+
stem cells. This work advances our understanding of the consequences of APAP toxicity in a novel organ that was not previously considered as a significant site of injury and thus presents potential new considerations for patient management.
Retracted: A randomized controlled trial of the safety and efficacy of preoperative rectal misoprostol for prevention of intraoperative and postoperative blood loss at elective cesarean delivery
Authors: Maged Ahmed M. , Fawzi Tarek , Shalaby Mohamed A. , Samy Ahmed , Rabee Mohamed A. , Ali Ahmed S. , Hussein Eman A. , Hammad Bahaa , Deeb Wesam S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the safety and efficacy of preoperative rectal misoprostol for the prevention of intraoperative and postoperative blood loss in women undergoing elective cesarean delivery.MethodsA single‐blind randomized controlled trial of 200 full‐term pregnant women scheduled for elective cesarean delivery. Computer‐generated randomization allocated women to receive 400 μg rectal misoprostol at urinary catheter insertion plus 400 μg rectally after abdominal closure (preoperative group, n=100) or 800 μg of rectal misoprostol after abdominal closure (postoperative group, n=100). Primary outcome was intraoperative blood loss.ResultsIntraoperative blood loss was significantly lower in the preoperative misoprostol group compared with the postoperative group (528.7 ± 114.8 mL vs 788.6 ± 165.8 mL; P<0.001). Blood loss during the first 24 hours after delivery was also lower in the preoperative group (199.3 ± 84.5 mL vs 302.9 ± 125.6 mL; P<0.001). Fewer women in the preoperative group needed additional uterotonics (7 vs 21; P<0.001). After delivery, the decrease in both hemoglobin and hematocrit levels was significantly less in the preoperative group (−6.8 vs −12.8% and −6.05 vs −17.8%, respectively; P<0.001).ConclusionPreoperative rectal administration of misoprostol significantly reduced intraoperative and postoperative blood loss during and after elective cesarean delivery.ClinicalTrial.gov ID: NCT03680339. Date of registration 9/2018
OPTIMIZATION OF THE CROPPING PATTERN OF MAIN CEREALS AND IMPROVING WATER PRODUCTIVITY: APPLICATION OF THE WATER FOOTPRINT CONCEPT
Authors: Ramezani Etedali Hadi , Ahmadaali Khaled , Gorgin Faraz , Ababaei Behnam 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTDifferent components of water footprint (WF) (green, blue, grey and white) and WF volume (WFV) were estimated for three main cereal crops in Iran (wheat, barley and maize) in the main cereal‐producing provinces. In order to classify the selected provinces according to their corresponding WFVs, hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was applied for clustering the WFV of maize, barley and wheat in irrigated and rainfed conditions. Then, the linear programming (LP) technique was used to determine the optimal cultivated area for cereals in order to minimize the total national WFV in irrigated and rainfed lands. The WFV of wheat, barley and maize production in irrigated lands were estimated to be 25 100, 5980 and 4610 Mm3 yr−1, respectively, under the current practice. The optimized values of WFV under irrigated conditions were 877, 338 and 374 Mm3 yr−1 lower than the current values, implying nearly 3.5, 5.7 and 8.1% achievable reductions. The reduction in rainfed lands was estimated to be 332 Mm3 yr−1 or 2.9% for wheat (from 11 300 to 11 000 Mm3 year−1) and 338 Mm3 yr−1 or 5.7% for barley (from 5950 to 5610 Mm3 yr−1). The results show that by optimizing the cultivated area of the main cereals in Iran, 2,210 Mm3 yr−1 or 4.5% of the national WFV could be saved. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, quantum chemical calculations, evaluation of biological and cytotoxic activities, and molecular docking studies of 2‐hydroxy‐N′‐(4,5,6‐trimethoxy‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐inden‐1‐ylidene) benzohydrazide and its Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II), and Zn(II) complexes
Authors: Aldulmani Sharah A. A. , Alaghaz Abdel‐Nasser M. A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn the present study, the title compound 2‐hydroxy‐N′‐(4,5,6‐trimethoxy‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐inden‐1‐ylidene) benzohydrazide (L) was synthesized and its Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) complexes (1–4) were characterized using ultraviolet–Vis, FT‐IR, nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C), electron spin resonance, powder‐X‐ray diffraction, and mass spectral techniques. The investigation on antioxidant activity indicate that the complex 1 and complex 3 have good scavenging activity against various free radicals (2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl) with IC50 values ranging from 10.14 to 12.16 μg/mL. The in vitro cytotoxicity of these complexes was evaluated using the 3‐4,5‐dimethylthiazole‐2,5‐diphenyltetraazolium bromide assay. The results demonstrate that complexes 1 and 2 show good anticancer activities against human tumor cell line‐7 (breast cancer cell line) and Hep‐G2 (human liver cancer cell line) cell lines with IC50 values of 6.38 and 6.20 μg/mL and that complex 1 is next to complex 2 with IC50 values of 7.26 and 8.15 μg/mL, respectively. The results of antimicrobial activity also suggest that the complex 1 and complex 2 exhibited greater cell death counts for gram positive and gram negative bacterial and antifungal strains with good inhibition values.
Aqua‐mediated rapid and benign synthesis of 1,2,6,7‐tetrahydro‐8H‐indeno[5,4‐b]furan‐8‐one‐appended novel 2‐arylidene indanones of pharmacological interest at ambient temperature
Authors: Adole Vishnu A. , Pawar Thansing B. , Jagdale Bapu S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn the present investigation, a green aqua‐mediated protocol for the synthesis of novel 2‐arylidene indanone derivatives from 1,2,6,7‐tetrahydro‐8H‐indeno[5,4‐b]furan‐8‐one was unveiled. The application of water in organic reactions as a solvent is one of the incredible tools of green chemistry as reactions can be carried out under benign conditions minimizing environmental hazard and chemical waste. A library of novel 2‐arylidene indanone derivatives are synthesized in good to excellent yield by utilizing the green potential of water as a solvent. The structures of all novel 2‐arylidene indanone derivatives reported herein are confirmed using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 19F NMR, distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT), and High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS) techniques.