bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrospective study identified fish and milk as the main culprits in cases of food protein‐induced enterocolitis syndrome
Authors: Douros Konstantinos , Tsabouri Sophia , Feketea Gavriella , Grammeniatis Vasilis , Koliofoti Eleana Georgia , Papadopoulos Marios , Sardeli Olympia , Triga Maria , Priftis Kostas N. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimFood protein‐induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is a non‐immunoglobulin E (IgE)‐mediated food allergy, which is confined to the gastrointestinal tract and occurs most frequently in the first year of life. Our aim was to examine the clinical features, causative agents and outcomes of Greek children with FPIES.MethodsThis was a five‐year (2013–2017) retrospective study, based on chart reviews of 78 children with FPIES from six Greek paediatric allergy centres.ResultsOnly five children needed an oral food challenge (OFC) for diagnosis, but 54 children (69%) had OFCs to monitor tolerance development. The most common problems were fish and milk, which affected affecting 42 (54%) and 25 (35%) of children, respectively. The median age of tolerance based on the results of the negative OFCs occurred by 34.0 (26.6–58.4) months. Fish and milk were tolerated by 24 (57%) and 13 (52%) of children by 43.8 and 24.3 months, respectively. Coexisting IgE sensitisation to the offending food was related to delayed tolerance.ConclusionFish and milk were the most common food allergies in our series of Greek children with FPIES. Cases with IgE sensitisation to the food trigger took longer to resolve their allergies.
Systematic review with meta‐analysis: the growing incidence and prevalence of eosinophilic oesophagitis in children and adults in population‐based studies
Authors: Navarro Pilar , Arias Ángel , Arias‐González Laura , Laserna‐Mendieta Emilio J. , Ruiz‐Ponce Miriam , Lucendo Alfredo J. 
Published: March 2019

SummaryBackgroundThe frequency of eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) occurrence is escalating. Current diagnostic criteria recently proposed for the disease, determine that previous estimates of incidence and prevalence are outdated.AimTo gauge the current incidence and prevalence of EoE by performing a systematic review of population‐based studies.MethodsThree electronic databases were searched from their inception dates to September 2018. A total of 2386 documents were screened; 29 studies reported on the prevalence and incidence of EoE in the general population.ResultsThe pooled prevalence of EoE was 34.4 cases per 100 000 inhabitants (95% CI, 23.1‐47.5), and was higher for adults (42.2; 95% CI, 31.1‐55) than for children (34; 95% CI, 22.3‐49.2). The pooled EoE incidence rates were 6.6/100 000 person‐years (95% CI, 3‐11.7) in children and 7.7/100 000 (95% CI, 1.8‐17.8) in adults. No differences were found between North American and European studies using varied sources of data (insurance and administrative databases compared to hospital‐bases case series). Subgroup analysis according to risk of bias did not change results significantly. A steady rise in EoE incidence and prevalence rates was observed over time, comparing studies conducted under subsequent definitions for EoE. No significant publication bias was found.ConclusionsIn a systematic review and meta‐analysis, we found a sharp increase, higher than previous estimates, in the incidence and prevalence of EoE in population based studies. Results from studies carried out in developed countries show broad consistency and provide evidence of increasing pooled prevalence and incidence of EoE rates over time.
Pollination and dispersal trait spectra recover faster than the growth form spectrum during spontaneous succession in sandy old‐fields
Authors: Fantinato Edy , Sonkoly Judit , Silan Giulia , Valkó Orsolya , Tóthmérész Béla , Deák Balázs , Kelemen András , Miglécz Tamás , Del Vecchio Silvia , Bettiol Francesca , Buffa Gabriella , Török Péter 
Published: March 2019

AbstractQuestionSpontaneous succession is the most natural and cost‐effective solution for grassland restoration. However, little is known about the time required for the recovery of grassland functionality, i.e., for the recovery of reproductive and vegetative processes typical of pristine grasslands. Since these processes operate at different scales, we addressed the question: do reproductive and vegetative processes require different recovery times during spontaneous succession?LocationKiskunság sand region (Central Hungary).MethodsAs combinations of plant traits can be used to highlight general patterns in ecological processes, we compared reproductive (pollination‐ and dispersal‐related) and vegetative (growth form) traits between recovered grasslands of different age (<10 years old; 10–20 years old; 20–40 years old) and pristine grasslands.ResultsDuring spontaneous succession, the reproductive trait spectra became similar to those of pristine grasslands earlier than the vegetative ones. In arable land abandoned for 10 years, pollination‐ and dispersal‐related trait spectra did not show significant difference to those of pristine grasslands; anemophily and anemochory were the prevailing strategies. Contrarily, significant differences in the growth form spectrum could be observed even after 40 years of abandonment; in recovered grasslands erect leafy species prevailed, while the fraction of dwarf shrubs and tussock‐forming species was significantly lower than in pristine grasslands.ConclusionsThe recovery of the ecological processes of pristine grasslands might require different amounts of time, depending on the spatial scale at which they operate. The reproductive trait spectra recovered earlier than the vegetative one, since reproductive attributes first determine plant species sorting at the regional level towards their respective habitats. The recovery of the vegetative trait spectrum needs more time as vegetative‐based interactions operate on a smaller spatial scale. Thus, vegetative traits might be more effective in the long‐term assessment of restoration success than the reproductive ones.
Balancing competing interests and obligations in mental health‐care practice and policy
Authors: Kirby Jeffrey 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIt is often challenging for mental health‐care providers and health organizations to perform their various roles and to meet their varied obligations. In complex mental health‐care circumstances the concurrent application of relevant ethical principles and values often leads to the emergence of completing obligations that need to be carefully weighed and balanced in the making of care‐related decisions. Although some clinical circumstances, such as those potentially triggering the duty to warn, are adequately guided by existing rules based on legal precedents, there is a gap in decision‐making support in other mental health‐care domains. This article proposes that a set of targeted, decision‐making approaches be developed to assist in the handling of specific, challenging circumstances. By way of illustration, two novel approaches are introduced; that is, choosing to work within a moral relational space of optimal therapeutic engagement (at the micro level of clinical practice), and the use of a health policy development approach that instantiates deliberative engagement (at the meso and macro levels of health organization).
Connecting the dots: Theorizing and mapping learning entanglement through archaeology and design
Authors: Carvalho Lucila , Yeoman Pippa 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDesigning for digitally enhanced learning has increased in complexity. In response, this paper calls for a reconceptualization of technology—as the reconfiguring of space, place, materials, time and social relations—enrolled and refashioned in emergent learning activity. Such reconceptualization requires analytical tools, methods and processes to map heterogeneous assemblages of people, tools and tasks. Educational researchers and designers are in need of approaches and theories that move beyond deterministic accounts about the utility of individual learning technologies, to connect theory, research and practice. Our research shows that in learning to distinguish between elements that are open to alteration through design and those that are not, educational designers gain deeper insights into the flows of matter, information and humans characteristic of productive networked learning environments. And this, in turn, gives rise to valued qualities of emergent learning activity in alignment with current theories about learning. In this paper, we present a series of methods adapted from archaeology and design, illustrating their power in tracing the complex webs of dependence characteristic of productive learning entanglement, with the aim of supporting future design for learning.
Social scholarship revisited: Changing scholarly practices in the age of social media
Authors: Greenhow Christine , Gleason Benjamin , Staudt Willet K. Bret 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis conceptual exploration revisits a key question from earlier work (Greenhow & Gleason, 2014): What is scholarship reconsidered in the age of social media?Social scholarshipis a framework that expanded Boyers’ (1990) conceptualization of scholarship to consider how social media affect discovery and research, teaching and learning, integration, and application. This paper critically reflects on how social scholarship continues to evolve in light of changing understandings in the field of educational technology and the role social media play in the academy. We provide recent examples of social scholarship such as altmetrics, interdisciplinary projects, crowdsourced educational technology syllabi and reconsideration of the needs of research participants. Moreover, we share concrete examples of how scholars might enact social scholarship, with what benefits and challenges, and surface new concerns regarding openness, equity, access, literacy, privacy and ethical considerations. Our paper concludes with recommendations for preparing scholars to enact social scholarship while mitigating the challenges it poses.
A Tale of Two Deltas: Labour Politics in Jiangsu and Guangdong
Authors: Elfstrom Manfred 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis article examines the sources of variation in Chinese workplace governance between otherwise similar parts of the country. Jiangsu's portion of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) and Guangdong's portion of the Pearl River Delta (PRD) are both booming export hubs with large numbers of migrant workers. Yet, in the former region, authorities manage conflict with orthodoxy and coaxing; in the latter, with experimentation and coercion. Using interviews and government yearbooks, the article conceives of the YRD and PRD as ‘regional fields’ within the broader ‘field’ of Chinese labour politics. Greater worker militancy and organization is pushing the PRD field off‐balance, yielding more innovative but brutal policies. Although it has become common to explain governance in China from an elite perspective, grassroots contention is thus key. Bottom‐up pressures generate top‐down policy. This, the author contends, is true even under Xi Jinping.
Activation of Kv7 channels as a novel mechanism for NO/cGMP‐induced pulmonary vasodilation
Authors: Mondéjar‐Parreño Gema , Moral‐Sanz Javier , Barreira Bianca , De la Cruz Alicia , Gonzalez Teresa , Callejo Maria , Esquivel‐Ruiz Sergio , Morales‐Cano Daniel , Moreno Laura , Valenzuela Carmen , Perez‐Vizcaino Francisco , Cogolludo Angel 
Published: March 2019

Background and PurposeThe NO/cGMP pathway represents a major physiological signalling controlling tone in pulmonary arteries (PA), and drugs activating this pathway are used to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension. Kv channels expressed in PA smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) are key determinants of vascular tone. We aimed to analyse the contribution of Kv1.5 and Kv7 channels in the electrophysiological and vasodilating effects evoked by NO donors and the GC stimulator riociguat in PA.Experimental ApproachKv currents were recorded in isolated rat PASMCs using the patch‐clamp technique. Vascular reactivity was assessed in a wire myograph.Key ResultsThe NO donors diethylamine NONOate diethylammonium (DEA‐NO) and sodium nitroprusside hyperpolarized the membrane potential and induced a bimodal effect on Kv currents (augmenting the current between −40 and −10 mV and decreasing it at more depolarized potentials). The hyperpolarization and the enhancement of the current were suppressed by Kv7 channel inhibitors and by the GC inhibitor ODQ but preserved when Kv1.5 channels were inhibited. Additionally, DEA‐NO enhanced Kv7.5 currents in COS7 cells expressing the KCNQ5 gene. Riociguat increased Kv currents at all potentials ≥−40 mV and induced membrane hyperpolarization. Both effects were prevented by Kv7 inhibition. Likewise, PA relaxation induced by NO donors and riociguat was attenuated by Kv7 inhibitors.Conclusions and ImplicationsNO donors and riociguat enhance Kv7 currents, leading to PASMC hyperpolarization. This mechanism contributes to NO/cGMP‐induced PA vasodilation. Our study identifies Kv7 channels as a novel mechanism of action of vasodilator drugs used in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension.
New molecular biomarkers in differentiated thyroid carcinoma: Impact of miR‐146, miR‐221 and miR‐222 levels in the evolution of the disease
Authors: Gómez‐Pérez Ana María , Cornejo Pareja Isabel María , García Alemán Jorge , Coín Aragüez Leticia , Sebastián Ochoa Arantzazu , Alcaide Torres Juan , Molina Vega María , Clu Fernández Carlos , Mancha Doblas Isabel , Tinahones Francisco J. 
Published: March 2019

SummaryObjectiveMircroRNAs (miR) are small, noncoding RNA molecules of 18‐25 nucleotides. Their dysregulation has been widely studied in many human tumours including differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). miRs more frequently associated with these kinds of tumours are miR‐146, miR‐221 and miR‐222. Our objective was to assess the relationship among circulating miR levels and the evolution and outcomes of disease.DesignWe analysed a sample of 60 patients with DTC assigning them to one of three groups according to the dynamic scale of risk (excellent response, incomplete biochemical response and incomplete structural response).Patients and measurementsAt study inclusion, we determined thyroid‐stimulating hormone, thyroxine, thyroglobulin, antithyroglobulin antibodies and plasma levels of miR‐146, miR‐221 and miR‐222.ResultsMale sex and advanced age at diagnosis were associated with the worst disease progression. miR‐222 was twofold to threefold higher in tall cell papillary carcinomas (P = 0.038). miR‐146 (P = 0.016) and miR‐221 (P = 0.050) had a positive correlation with thyroglobulin at the time of sampling. In regression analysis, miR‐146 (P = 0.006), miR‐221 (P = 0.004) and miR‐222 (P = 0.007) predicted more than 70% of the variation in thyroglobulin levels at the time of sampling.ConclusionsElevated miR‐222 and miR‐146 levels are associated with poorer outcomes of the disease and may have a prognostic value in the management and follow‐up of DTC.
Horizontal ridge augmentation with guided bone regeneration using particulate xenogenic bone substitutes with or without autogenous block grafts: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mendoza‐Azpur Gerardo , de la Fuente Andres , Chavez Elizabeth , Valdivia Erick , Khouly Ismael 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate dimensional bone alterations following horizontal ridge augmentation using guided bone regeneration (GBR) with or without autogenous block graft (ABG) for the rehabilitation of atrophic jaws with dental implants.Materials and MethodsForty‐two patients, with 42 severe horizontal bone atrophy sites in the maxilla or mandible were randomly assigned to two groups: ABG or GBR. The ABG group received a combination of ABG with particulate xenograft, covered by a collagen membrane, while the GBR group received particulate xenograft alone, covered by a collagen membrane. After 6‐9 months of healing, implants were inserted. All implants were definitively restored 6 months after implant placement. Radiographic examination (cone‐beam computed tomograms) was performed immediately after bone grafting procedure (T0), at 6 months (T6), and at 18 months (T18), to evaluate the amount of horizontal bone width (HBW) gain. Patient demographic information, amount of ridge width augmentation, implant survival, complications, and contributing factors were gathered and analyzed.ResultsThirty‐nine patients completed the study. Both groups developed enough bone ridge width for implant placement. A total of 65 implants were placed. Implant survival rate was 100% in both groups at T18. Mean increases in HBW amounted to 5.6 ± 1.35 mm in GBR sites and 4.8 ± 0.79 mm in ABG sites at T18. There was no statistically significant difference in HBW gain obtained in the GBR group when compared to the ABG group at 6 months (P = 0.26) or 18 months (P = 0.26). However, the ABG group had a statistically significant higher prevalence of sensory disturbances (P = 0.02) and hematomas (P = 0.002) compared to the GBR group.ConclusionThese findings indicated that either GBR with or without ABG is an effective approach in augmenting resorbed horizontal deficient ridges prior to implant placement. However, more complications may be seen with the use of ABG related to the donor sites.
Implant failures and age at the time of surgery: A retrospective study on implant treatments in 4585 edentulous jaws
Authors: Jemt Torsten 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited knowledge on the relationship between implant failures and patient age at implant surgery.PurposeTo further analyze and report long‐term data on previously presented significant associations between implant failures and age at surgery in patients receiving treatment in the edentulous jaw.Materials and MethodsA total of 4049 patients were provided with 24 781 implants during 4585 operations in edentulous jaws between 1986 and 2015 in one referral clinic. Patients were thereafter invited to be followed up until the termination of the study. All implant failures were recorded, and nonlinear spline statistical methods and calculations of survival curves for different age groups were used to analyze implant failures related to age at surgery.ResultsTen‐year age groups presented consistently higher overall survival rates with increasing age. The overall 10‐year survival rates for treated jaws without failures ranged between 83.4% and 91.0% for different age groups. The risk of implant failures in 50‐year‐old patients was higher than in older patients within 15 years of follow‐up (66/78 years; P < 0.05). The difference between young (<45 years), middle‐aged (45‐64 years), and old (>64 years) patients became more pronounced in patients included later in the study (2003‐2015).ConclusionsYoung edentulous patients presented an overall significantly higher risk of implant failure than did old patients. The risk decreased consistently from patients in the youngest age group (30‐39 years) to those in the oldest age group (>79 years), with a more pronounced pattern for the patients included in the late period. This finding suggests a change in patient characteristics during the time of inclusion, but no causal explanations for the present observations have been established.
Increased risk of larynx cancer in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease from a national sample cohort
Authors: Kim So Young , Park Bumjung , Lim Hyun , Kim Miyoung , Kong Il Gyu , Choi Hyo Geun 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesThe present study evaluated the associations between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and head and neck cancer using a national sample cohort of the Korean population.DesignWe designed two studies using data collected from patients aged ≥40 years in the Korean National Health Insurance Service‐National Sample Cohort from 2002 to 2013.Main outcome MeasuresStudy I included participants with GERD matched 1:2 with controls and analysed the incidences of lip and oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx and larynx cancers. Study II included participants with larynx cancer matched 1:4 with controls and analysed the previous histories of GERD. Head and neck cancer was identified using medical claim codes for surgical, radiation and chemotherapeutic treatments and death records from the National Statistical Office. Crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were analysed using the Cox proportional hazard model. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were analysed using unconditional logistic regression analyses. Subgroup analyses were performed on groups stratified by age and sex.ResultsThe adjusted HR for larynx cancer was 2.32 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.53‐3.52, P < 0.001) in the GERD group. However, the HRs for lip and oral cavity cancer, oropharynx cancer and hypopharynx cancer were not statistically significant (study I). The adjusted OR for GERD was 2.03 (95% CI = 1.40‐2.96, P < 0.001) in the larynx cancer group; consistent results were obtained in subgroup analyses.ConclusionGastroesophageal reflux disease increases the risk of larynx cancer.
Microtargeting for conservation
Authors: Metcalf Alexander L. , Phelan Conor N. , Pallai Cassandra , Norton Michael , Yuhas Ben , Finley James C. , Muth Allyson 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWidespread human action and behavior change is needed to achieve many conservation goals. Doing so at the requisite scale and pace will require the efficient delivery of outreach campaigns. Conservation gains will be greatest when efforts are directed toward places of high conservation value (or need) and tailored to critical actors. Recent strategic conservation planning has relied primarily on spatial assessments of biophysical attributes, largely ignoring the human dimensions. Elsewhere, marketers, political campaigns, and others use microtargeting—predictive analytics of big data—to identify people most likely to respond positively to particular messages or interventions. Conservationists have not yet widely capitalized on these techniques. To investigate the effectiveness of microtargeting to improve conservation, we developed a propensity model to predict restoration behavior among 203,645 private landowners in a 5,200,000 ha study area in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed (U.S.A.). To isolate the additional value microtargeting may offer beyond geospatial prioritization, we analyzed a new high‐resolution land‐cover data set and cadastral data to identify private owners of riparian areas needing restoration. Subsequently, we developed and evaluated a restoration propensity model based on a database of landowners who had conducted restoration in the past and those who had not (n = 4978). Model validation in a parallel database (n = 4989) showed owners with the highest scorers for propensity to conduct restoration (i.e., top decile) were over twice as likely as average landowners to have conducted restoration (135%). These results demonstrate that microtargeting techniques can dramatically increase the efficiency and efficacy of conservation programs, above and beyond the advances offered by biophysical prioritizations alone, as well as facilitate more robust research of many social–ecological systems.