bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Culturally and linguistically diverse oncology patients' perspectives of consultation audio‐recordings and question prompt lists
Authors: Hyatt Amelia , Lipson‐Smith Ruby , Gough Karla , Butow Phyllis , Jefford Michael , Hack Thomas F. , Hale Sandra , Zucchi Emiliano , White Shane , Ozolins Uldis , Schofield Penelope 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveEthnicity and migrant status result in disparities with cancer burden and survival, with communication difficulties cited as the main barrier to access. Our research team tested a communication intervention package comprising consultation audio‐recordings (ARs) and question prompt lists (QPLs) for low English‐speaking (LES) patients with cancer. This study explored LES patient experiences, preferences, and recommendations regarding the communication package.MethodsParticipants completed a questionnaire and qualitative interview regarding ARs and QPLs. Eligibility criteria comprised aged ≥18 years old; a consultation with an oncologist between June 1, 2015 and April 1, 2016; an Arabic, Cantonese, Greek, or Mandarin professional interpreter booked for that consultation; and randomised to receive the communication intervention.ResultsEighteen patients completed the qualitative interview and 17 completed the questionnaire. Fifteen reported listening to the AR at least once. Participants reported that QPLs and ARs provide support and assistance with remembering and understanding medical information. Both resources were seen as having applicability beyond the oncology setting in regards to improving health service delivery and continuity of care. However, patients felt that individual tailoring of the resources should be considered. Patients also found it useful to share ARs with family.ConclusionsThe LES participants in this study considered the ARs and QPLs useful for most, but not all contexts. Recommendations regarding delivery and use highlight that these resources should be tailored and patient‐driven. Further, patients foresaw a range of additional uses for consultation ARs within the broader healthcare context.
Impact of hypertonic saline on hospitalization rate in infants with acute bronchiolitis: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Linjie , Gunther Carlos B. , Franco Ozeia S. , Klassen Terry P. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimThis meta‐analysis aimed to assess the efficacy of nebulized hypertonic saline (HS) on the rate of hospitalization in infants with acute bronchiolitis in the Emergency Department (ED) setting.MethodWe searched PubMed, Virtual Health Library‐BVS and Cochrane CENTRAL from inception until January 31, 2018. We selected randomized trials that compared nebulized HS with normal saline (NS) or standard care in children up to 24 months of age with acute bronchiolitis in the ED setting. We conducted random‐effects meta‐analyses to estimate the risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsA total of 293 records were screened and 8 trials involving 1708 patients were included. The meta‐analysis showed a 16% reduction in the risk of hospitalization among patients treated with HS compared to NS (risk ratio [RR]: 0.84, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.71‐0.98, P = 0.03). A significant effect of HS in reducing the risk of hospitalization was found only in the subgroup analyses of trials in which HS was mixed with bronchodilators, multiple doses (≥3) were given, and risk of bias was low.ConclusionsNebulized hypertonic saline may potentially reduce the risk of hospitalization in infants with acute bronchiolitis in the ED setting. Quality of evidence is moderate due to substantial clinical heterogeneity between studies and large multicenter trials are still warranted.
Development of a Flow‐Specific Floodplain Inundation Model to Assess Alligator Gar Recruitment Success
Authors: Robertson Clinton R. , Aziz Karim , Buckmeier David L. , Smith Nathan G. , Raphelt Nolan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAlligator Gars Atractosteus spatula historically ranged throughout the lower Mississippi River basin and in the coastal river basins of the Gulf of Mexico from Florida to Mexico, but they have now experienced population reductions or extirpations in many parts of their range. Hydrologic alterations of river systems leading to reduced river–floodplain connectivity are thought to be a main contributor to these declines. To better conserve and manage this species, it is important to understand how hydrologic processes influence floodplain connectivity and ultimately the recruitment success of Alligator Gars. Utilizing a one‐dimensional hydraulic model combined with high‐resolution digital elevation models, a high‐resolution floodplain inundation model for the middle Trinity River, Texas, was created. Available land use and vegetation data layers were overlaid to identify and quantify suitable Alligator Gar spawning habitat based on recently developed habitat suitability criteria. Finally, we used this model to estimate historic spawning habitat availability using a hydrologic time series analysis. These spawning habitat availability data were combined with hydrologic and water temperature data and correlated with historic Alligator Gar recruitment success using published year‐class strength data. Our results show that in the middle Trinity River Alligator Gar recruitment success was correlated with variables associated with spawning habitat availability from May to July. The multiple characteristics reflecting the extent, duration, and time that spawning habitats were available appeared to interact to produce exceptional Alligator Gar recruitment.
Active public Facebook use and adolescents' feelings of loneliness: Evidence for a curvilinear relationship
Authors: Wang Kexin , Frison Eline , Eggermont Steven , Vandenbosch Laura 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTInconsistent results have been reported concerning the relationships between SNS usage and loneliness. The current two‐wave panel study with a one year interval examined the possibility of reciprocal and curvilinear relationships between active public Facebook use and adolescents' social/emotional loneliness. Belgian adolescents from fifteen high schools participated (N = 1188, 55% male). The results showed a U‐shaped relationship between (1) active Facebook use and social/emotional loneliness and (2) emotional loneliness and active Facebook use. Specifically, active Facebook use predicted decreased social/emotional loneliness among low to moderate users, while among heavy users, increased levels of social/emotional loneliness were predicted by active Facebook use. Emotional loneliness predicted higher active Facebook use among lonely adolescents. At the same time, emotional loneliness predicted decreased active Facebook use among adolescents who did not feel lonely. These findings stress to consider different types of loneliness, and reciprocal and curvilinear relationships in future social media research.
Ice discharge error estimates using different cross-sectional area approaches: a case study for the Canadian High Arctic, 2016/17
Authors: SÁNCHEZ-GÁMEZ PABLO , NAVARRO FRANCISCO J. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTWe analyse the various error sources in the estimation of ice discharge through flux gates, distinguishing the cases with ice-thickness data available for glacier cross-sections or only along the centreline. For the latter, we analyse the performance of three U-shaped cross-sectional approaches. We apply this methodology to glaciers of the Canadian High Arctic. The velocity field is the main error source for small and medium-size glaciers (discharge <100 Mt a−1) with low velocities (<100 m a−1), while for large glaciers (discharge >100 Mt a−1) with high velocities (>100 m a−1) the error in cross-sectional area dominates. Thinning/thickening between ice-thickness and velocity measurements should be considered, as it implies systematic errors up to 8% in our study. The U-shaped parabolic approach, which allows for an adjusted estimation when the ice-thickness measurement point is displaced from the glacier centreline, performs best, with small bias and admissible standard error. We observe an increase of ice discharge from the main glaciers (Trinity and Wykeham) of the Prince of Wales Icefield from 2015 to 2016, by 5 and 20%, respectively, followed by a decrease in 2017, by 10 and 15%, respectively. Belcher Glacier, of the Devon Ice Cap, maintains similar discharges during 2015–17.
THETA BLOCK FOURIER EXPANSIONS, BORCHERDS PRODUCTS AND A SEQUENCE OF NEWMAN AND SHANKS
Authors: POOR CRIS , SHURMAN JERRY , YUEN DAVID S. 
Published: June 2018

The ‘Borcherds products everywhere’ construction [Gritsenko et al., ‘Borcherds products everywhere’, J. Number Theory148 (2015), 164–195] creates paramodular Borcherds products from certain theta blocks. We prove that the $q$-order of every such Borcherds product lies in a sequence $\{C_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}}\}$, depending only on the $q$-order $\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}$ of the theta block. Similarly, the $q$-order of the leading Fourier–Jacobi coefficient of every such Borcherds product lies in a sequence $\{A_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}}\}$, and this is the sequence $\{a_{n}\}$ from work of Newman and Shanks in connection with a family of series for $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}$. Our proofs use a combinatorial formula giving the Fourier expansion of any theta block in terms of its germ.
Language policy and social change: A critical examination of the implementation of an English-only language policy in a Danish company
Authors: Lønsmann Dorte , Mortensen Janus 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe article examines the introduction of English as a corporate language in a Danish consultancy company from a critical angle. Based on analyses of language policy documents and interviews with language policy makers in the company, we investigate the underlying assumptions of the policy-making process, and explore how the language policy functions as a means of exerting power beyond the domain of language. The article shows how the language policy is heavily influenced by the language ideology of English as the natural language in global business as well as by neoliberal ideals of international expansion. Drawing on the notion of language commodification, the article investigates how the language policy reconfigures the social space of the organisation. The analysis shows that while the language policy aims to change the company culture towards a more ‘global mindset’, it also effects social change by legitimising certain types of employees while marginalising others. (Language policy, social change, English as a corporate language, language ideologies, linguistic market, language commodification)*
Assessment of Florpyrauxifen-benzyl Potential to Carryover to Subsequent Crops
Authors: Miller M. Ryan , Norsworthy Jason K. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFlorpyrauxifen-benzyl is a new synthetic auxin herbicide that will provide a novel site of action in rice production. In many areas of the United States it is common practice to plant soybeans in rotation with rice, thereby introducing the potential for herbicide carryover. Multiple field experiments were conducted in 2014 and repeated in 2015 to evaluate potential plant-back restrictions for soybean and other row crops following an application of florpyrauxifen-benzyl. In the first experiment, treatments comprised florpyrauxifen-benzyl applied at 40 followed by 40 g ai ha–1, 80 fb 80 g ai ha–1, and a nontreated check. In 2014, herbicides were applied to a silt loam soil near Stuttgart and Colt, AR, and fields remained fallow following application. The following year, corn, cotton, soybean, grain sorghum, and sunflower were planted within the previously treated area. Stand counts, crop heights, and visual injury assessments were done for each crop following planting, and aboveground biomass data were collected 28 d after planting. No significant differences were observed among the treatments for any of the parameters assessed, highlighting the rotational flexibility of common row crops 1 yr following a florpyrauxifen-benzyl application. In the second experiment, florpyrauxifen-benzyl was applied at 30 and 60 g ai ha–1 at 56, 28, 14, and 0 d before planting soybean. Injury assessments corresponded to the highest concentration of florpyrauxifen-benzyl and its metabolites recovered from soil at the time of planting. Conversely, soybean injury was reduced when florpyrauxifen-benzyl was applied at increasing intervals before planting. At the end of each season, soybean yield was similar to the nontreated control when florpyrauxifen-benzyl at 30 or 60 g ai ha–1 was applied 56 d before planting, whereas all other treatments reduced yield. These results support a relatively short replant interval for soybean after florpyrauxifen-benzyl application to rice.
PEGylation of polypropylenimine dendrimers: effects on cytotoxicity, DNA condensation, gene delivery and expression in cancer cells
Authors: Somani Sukrut , Laskar Partha , Altwaijry Najla , Kewcharoenvong Paphitchaya , Irving Craig , Robb Gillian , Pickard Benjamin S. , Dufès Christine 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDiaminobutyric polypropylenimine (DAB) dendrimers have been shown to be highly efficient non-viral gene delivery systems for cancer therapy. However, their cytotoxicity currently limits their applications. To overcome this issue, PEGylation of DAB dendrimer, using various PEG molecular weights and dendrimer generations, has been attempted to decrease the cytotoxicity and enhance the DNA condensation, size and zeta potential, cellular uptake and transfection efficacy of these dendriplexes. Among all the PEGylated dendrimers synthesized, generation 3- and generation 4-DAB conjugated to low molecular weight PEG (2 kDa) at a dendrimer: DNA ratio of 20:1 and 10:1 resulted in an increase in gene expression on almost all tested cancer cells lines (by up to 3.2-fold compared to unmodified dendrimer in A431 cells). The highest level of β-galactosidase gene expression (10.07 × 10−3 ± 0.09 × 10−3 U/mL) was obtained following treatment of B16F10-Luc cells with G4-dendrimer PEGylated with PEG2K at a dendrimer: DNA ratio of 20:1. These delivery systems significantly decreased cytotoxicity on B16F10-Luc cells, by more than 3.4-fold compared to unmodified dendrimer. PEGylated generations 3- and 4-DAB dendrimers are therefore promising gene delivery systems for cancer therapy, combining low cytotoxicity and high transfection efficacy.
Transient Triplet Differential (TTD) Method for Background Free Photoacoustic Imaging
Authors: Tan Joel W. Y. , Lee Chang H. , Kopelman Raoul , Wang Xueding 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWith the capability of presenting endogenous tissue contrast or exogenous contrast agents in deep biological samples at high spatial resolution, photoacoustic (PA) imaging has shown significant potential for many preclinical and clinical applications. However, due to strong background signals from various intrinsic chromophores in biological tissue, such as hemoglobin, achieving highly sensitive PA imaging of targeting probes labeled by contrast agents has remained a challenge. In this study, we introduce a novel technique called transient triplet differential (TTD) imaging which allows for substantial reduction of tissue background signals. TTD imaging detects directly the triplet state absorption, which is a special characteristic of phosphorescence capable dyes not normally present among intrinsic chromophores of biological tissue. Thus, these triplet state absorption PA images can facilitate “true” background free molecular imaging. We prepared a known phosphorescent dye probe, methylene blue conjugated polyacrylamide nanoparticles, with peak absorption at 660 nm and peak lowest triplet state absorption at 840 nm. We find, through studies on phantoms and on an in vivo tumor model, that TTD imaging can generate a superior contrast-to-noise ratio, compared to other image enhancement techniques, through the removal of noise generated by strongly absorbing intrinsic chromophores, regardless of their identity.
Spectropolarimetric NLTE inversion code SNAPI
Authors: Milić I. , van Noort M. 
Published: June 2018

Context. Inversion codes are computer programs that fit a model atmosphere to the observed Stokes spectra, thus retrieving the relevant atmospheric parameters. The rising interest in the solar chromosphere, where spectral lines are formed by scattering, requires developing, testing, and comparing new non-local thermal equilibrium (NLTE) inversion codes.
Aims. We present a new NLTE inversion code that is based on the analytical computation of the response functions. We named the code SNAPI, which is short for spectropolarimetic NLTE analytically powered inversion.
Methods. SNAPI inverts full Stokes spectrum in order to obtain a depth-dependent stratification of the temperature, velocity, and the magnetic field vector. It is based on the so-called node approach, where atmospheric parameters are free to vary in several fixed points in the atmosphere, and are assumed to behave as splines in between. We describe the inversion approach in general and the specific choices we have made in the implementation.
Results. We test the performance on one academic problem and on two interesting NLTE examples, the Ca II 8542 and Na I D spectral lines. The code is found to have excellent convergence properties and outperforms a finite-difference based code in this specific implementation by at least a factor of three. We invert synthetic observations of Na lines from a small part of a simulated solar atmosphere and conclude that the Na lines reliably retrieve the magnetic field and velocity in the range −3 <  logτ <  −0.5.
On the in Vivo Clearance of Thrombin
Authors: Gans H , Stern R , Tan B. H 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe turnover of labeled bovine thrombin was studied in heparinized dogs. The results of these studies indicate that1. thrombin is rapidly removed from the blood, clearance takes place predominantly by the liver ;2. the uptake occurs by the Kupffer cells ;3. after its uptake the thrombin is rapidly broken down ;4. in the absence of the liver thrombin is slowly cleared by extrahepatic phagocytes ;5. the rate of thrombin clearance is so rapid and its critical dose so small that this protein can be used to study hepatic blood flow and Kupffer cell clearance function.
Substitution of Lipids with Bile Salts in the Formation of Thrombin
Authors: Barthels Monika , Seegers W. H 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe generation of thrombin was studied in an activating system consisting of purified thrombin zymogens, purified autoprothrombin C, purified Ac-globulin, lipid or bile salts, and calcium chloride. With the concentration of calcium ions and pH fixed, the effect of varying the other three procoagulants was studied. Bile salts were effective substitutes for lipids in a concentration where micelles form. The approximate effectiveness from highest to lowest was: conjugated sodium salt of taurocholic acid, sodium cholate, sodium deoxycholate. Sodium dehydrocholate was ineffective. Autoprothrombin C is the enzyme for thrombin formation. For accelerating its activity best results were obtained with the simultaneous presence of optimal concentrations of calcium ions, Ac-globulin and lipids or bile salts. Reducing any one of the three to zero concentration decreased the rate and yield of thrombin generation.The form in which the zymogen is used was found to be important. Prothrombin complex, DE AE-prothrombin and prethrombin were studied. Each substrate has its peculiar requirements for yielding thrombin. Prothrombin complex and DEAE-pro-thrombin activated far more rapidly and required 10 times less autoprothrombin C than prethrombin. The yield of thrombin from these substrates was also higher than from prethrombin. DE AE-prothrombin required the least amount of lipid. For the bile salts the required concentrations were nearly always the same from one substrate to another. To a certain extent Benadryl could also be substituted for lipids. In association with rapid thrombin generation from DE AE-prothrombin the Ac-globulin and autoprothrombin C Avere represented in approximately a 6:1 molar ratio. As compared with the weight of the enzyme large amounts of Ac-globulin and cholate were required.DE AE-prothrombin was readily made refractory to the two-stage analytical reagents with purified platelet factor 3 and calcium ions. Combinations of sodium cholate and phosphatidyl serine were also effective, but either one alone was ineffective.
Differences in the Effect of Antithrombin on Thrombin Clotting and Thrombin Esterase Activity
Authors: Gans H , Boulton A 
Published: June 2018

SummaryFollowing the addition of thrombin to serum, thrombin clotting activity rapidly disappears. During the first half hour thrombin esterase activity also declines. Subsequently, the thrombin esterase activity remains stable for a long time.Heparin which, under these circumstances profoundly alters the thrombin clotting-activity, affects the thrombin esterase activity only slightly. Hence serum induced inhibition of thrombin esterase activity is not significantly altered by heparin.The possible relationship of these findings to the spontaneous resolution of thrombo-emboli is discussed.
Note on the Inactivation of Autoprothrombin C with Diisopropylfluorophosphate or Phenylmethanesulfonyl Fluoride
Authors: Seegers W. H , Marciniak Ewa , McCoy L 
Published: June 2018

SummaryIn relatively high concentrations DFP was found to inactivate autoprothrombin C. PMSF also inactivated the enzyme. A useful modification in our assay procedure for autoprothrombin C is described.
Sensitivity of Pregnant Mice to Intravenous Tissue Thromboplastin
Authors: Coccheri S , Ollendorff P , Astrup T 
Published: June 2018

SummaryPregnant mice are more susceptible to the intravenous injection of tissue thromboplastin than nonpregnant mice. This was true whether death of the animal, or the appearance of neurological symptoms, was used as indicator of toxicity. Increase of fibrinogen concentration or prior injection of plasmin or of a protease inhibitor (trypsin inhibitor from bovine lung) did not influence the immediate toxic effects. The reason for the increased sensitivity of pregnant mice to tissue thromboplastin remains undisclosed. Inhibition of tissue thromboplastin by serum is a slow process. The reported increase in inhibition of tissue thromboplastin by serum from pregnant individuals could not be confirmed.
The Human Prothrombin-Activating Enzyme
Authors: Deggeller K , Vreeken J 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe formation and action of human prothrombin-activating enzyme is described. The study of the formation of the enzyme leads to the following conclusions :1. The enzyme is formed from factor V, factor X and phospholipid in the presence of calcium. If one of the reagents is omitted no activity develops.2. Factor V and factor X need activation by thrombin and for instance Russell Viper Venom, respectively.3. A linear relationship exists between the inverse of factor Va concentration and the inverse of enzyme concentration.4. A linear relationship exists between the inverse of factor Xa concentration and the inverse of enzyme concentration.5. A linear relationship exists between the inverse of phospholipid concentration and the inverse of enzyme concentration at small phospholipid concentration.6. A linear relationship exists between the phospholipid concentration and the inverse of enzyme concentration at high phospholipid concentration.The study of the action of the enzyme leads to the conclusion that human prothrombin is substrate and an inhibitor if present in excess.The observed phenomena are best explained by the hypothesis that factor Va and factor Xa adsorb onto the phospholipid surface. When both factors are adsorbed close together they are active as an enzyme. This activity depends on two active centers, probably one derived from factor Va and one from factor Xa.