bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deposition studies of aerosol delivery by nasal cannula to infants
Authors: Corcoran Timothy E. , Saville Al , Adams Phillip S. , Johnston Darragh J. , Czachowski Michael R. , Domnina Yuliya A. , Lin Jiuann‐Huey , Weiner Daniel J. , Huber Alex S. , Sanchez De Toledo Joan , Lo Cecilia W. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimNasal cannulas are used to provide oxygen support for infants and have been considered as a means for delivering aerosols to the lungs. To measure mucociliary clearance in the lungs of infants with congenital heart defects, we delivered radiopharmaceutical aerosols via a nasal cannula. Here we report on the pulmonary and nasal deposition of these aerosols.MethodA total of 18 infants (median age = 26 days; quartiles = 11‐74 days) performed clearance measurements soon before or after corrective cardiac surgery. The regional aerosol deposition was assessed using gamma camera imaging.ResultsCannula flow rate significantly affected pulmonary dosing. Flow rates useful for oxygen support were associated with low pulmonary deposition (2 L/min; mean, 4.5% of deposited dose; range, 2%‐9%; n = 7) and high nasal deposition. Much lower cannula flow rates increased the pulmonary deposition (0.2 L/min; mean, 33.5% of deposited dose; range, 15%‐51%; n = 5; P = 0.005 vs 2 L/min). The ratio of nose/lung dosing was approximately 26:1 at 2 L/min and 2:1 at 0.2 L/min. Bench studies demonstrated cannula output rates of 10.2 ± 1.7% (2 L/min) and 3.3 ± 0.4% (0.2 L/min) of the loaded nebulizer dose during a 2‐minute delivery. Combining in vitro and in vivo results, we estimate that 0.46% of the loaded nebulizer dose reaches the lungs at 2 L/min vs 1.10% at 0.2 L/min during a 2‐minute delivery.ConclusionWith the delivery system used here, pulmonary aerosol delivery via nasal cannula was very inefficient at the flow rates required to provide oxygen support. Even at low flows, nasal deposition was substantial and local toxicity must be considered.
A Predictive Numerical Model of the Burning Rate of Pb3O4−Si Delay Composition
Authors: Zhang Han , Liu Shang‐Hao , Shu Chi‐Min 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTo understand the influence of silicon content and ambient temperature on the burning rate of the Pb3O4−Si delay composition, the relationship among these three factors was investigated using the control variable method. A predictive numerical model that correlates the burning rate with the silicon content and ambient temperature was presented in this study. When the silicon content was varied from 10 % to 50 %, the burning rate and ambient temperature could be correlated using an Arrhenius‐type temperature‐dependence model. The burning rate and silicon content varied linearly when the silicon content was varied from 25 % to 50 %. The correlations among burning rate, silicon content, and ambient temperature were described through a numerical model. The proposed numerical model is useful for estimating the influence of the ambient temperature and silicon content on the burning rate in Pb3O4−Si systems.
A valence bond description of the bromine halogen bond
Authors: Franchini Davide , Genoni Alessandro , Dapiaggi Federico , Pieraccini Stefano , Sironi Maurizio 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA theoretical investigation on the nature of the halogen bond through a valence‐bond approach has been carried out with two main goals: (a) finding further confirmations of already existing explanations on the physical origins of the halogen bond and (b) possibly enriching the current models with new details. To achieve these goals we have exploited the spin‐coupled method and we have performed computations on RBr⋯NH3dimers characterized by a different electron withdrawing power of substituent R to the bromine atom. The analysis of typical spin‐coupled descriptors (eg, shapes and overlaps of the spin‐coupled orbitals, weights of the spin‐coupled structures) in the different cases and in function of the distance between the monomers allowed us to draw qualitative conclusions about the formation and the strength of the halogen bonds. In particular, the investigation not only confirmed the validity of already existing models (ie, σ‐hole and lump‐hole models) but also highlighted interesting new features, such as the fact that the depletion of electron density around the bromine atom does not extend only toward the acceptor of the halogen bond, but also in the opposite direction (toward the substituent of the halogen), thus forming a sort of σ‐tunnel, rather than a simple σ‐hole.
Four‐Component Reaction of Arynes with Primary Amines, Aldehydes, and Proton Source: Novel Formation of tert‐Anilines and 3,1‐Benzoxazines
Authors: Okuma Kentaro , Maehata Yusuke , Kinoshita Hiroaki , Sosogi Kana , Nagahora Noriyoshi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractFour‐component reaction of arynes derived from 2‐(trimethylsilyl)aryl triflates with primary amines and aldehydes, followed by the addition of chloroform or aromatic aldehydes in the presence of CsF was accomplished, featuring sequential formation of imines, nucleophilic addition, proton abstraction of chloroform or electrophilic addition of aromatic aldehydes, and intramolecular cyclization in one‐pot operation. The reactions proceed under mild conditions and have broad perspective for selecting starting substrates.
Leukocyte‐Repelling Biomimetic Immunomagnetic Nanoplatform for High‐Performance Circulating Tumor Cells Isolation
Authors: Zhou Xiaoxi , Luo Bin , Kang Ke , Zhang Yujia , Jiang Peipei , Lan Fang , Yi Qiangying , Wu Yao 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDownstream studies of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), which may provide indicative evaluation information for therapeutic efficacy, cancer metastases, and cancer prognosis, are seriously hindered by the poor purity of enriched CTCs as large amounts of interfering leukocytes still nonspecifically bind to the isolation platform. In this work, biomimetic immunomagnetic nanoparticles (BIMNs) with the following features are designed: i) the leukocyte membrane camouflage, which could greatly reduce homologous leukocyte interaction and actualize high‐purity CTCs isolation, is easily extracted by graphene nanosheets; ii) facile antibody conjugation can be achieved through the “insertion” of biotinylated lipid molecules into leukocyte‐membrane‐coated nanoparticles and streptavidin conjunction; iii) layer‐by‐layer assembly techniques could integrate high‐magnetization Fe3O4 nanoparticles and graphene nanosheets efficiently. Consequently, the resulting BIMNs achieve a capture efficiency above 85.0% and CTCs purity higher than 94.4% from 1 mL blood with 20–200 CTCs after 2 min incubation. Besides, 98.0% of the isolated CTCs remain viable and can be directly cultured in vitro. Moreover, application of the BIMNs to cancer patients' peripheral blood shows good reproducibility (mean relative standard deviation 8.7 ± 5.6%). All results above suggest that the novel biomimetic nanoplatform may serve as a promising tool for CTCs enrichment and detection from clinical samples.
Fabrication of a hydrazone‐linked covalent organic framework‐bound capillary column for gas chromatography separation
Authors: Huang Xiao‐Ling , Lan Hai‐Hang , Yan Yi‐Lun , Chen Gui , He Zi‐Hao , Zhang Kai , Cai Song‐Liang , Zheng Sheng‐Run , Fan Jun , Zhang Wei‐Guang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks are a new class of crystalline porous materials that have various potential applications. However, utilization of covalent organic frameworks as new stationary phases for gas chromatography separation has been less explored. In this work, a hydrazone‐linked chiral covalent organic framework has been covalently bonded onto the inner surface of fused silica capillary. The fabricated hydrazone‐linked covalent organic framework‐bound capillary column displays a moderate polarity nature and exhibits relatively high resolution performances for separation of linear alkanes and alcohols, as well as aromatic positional isomers including xylene, nitrotoluene, chloronitrobenzene, benzenediol, and naphthol isomers. The present study reveals that the hydrazone‐linked covalent organic framework‐bound capillary column is quite promising for the gas chromatography separation of aromatic positional isomers.
Notch Signaling in Nestin-Expressing Cells in the Bone Marrow Maintains Erythropoiesis via Macrophage Integrity
Authors: Sakamoto Tatsuhiro , Obara Naoshi , Nishikii Hidekazu , Kato Takayasu , Cao-Sy Luan , Fujimura Ryosuke , Yagita Hideo , Sakata-Yanagimoto Mamiko , Takahashi Satoru , Chiba Shigeru 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Notch signaling plays pivotal roles in both hematopoietic stem/progenitor and their niche cells. Myeloproliferative phenotypes are induced by disruption of Notch signaling in nonhematopoietic bone marrow (BM) cells. Nestin-expressing cells in the BM reportedly represent a component of the hematopoietic stem cell niche. We established mice in which rare Nestin-expressing cells in the BM were marked by green fluorescent protein, and Notch signaling was conditionally disrupted in these cells specifically. We observed impairment of erythropoiesis in the BM accompanying splenomegaly with BM hematopoietic programs in other lineages undisturbed. Transplantation experiments revealed that the microenvironmental rather than the hematopoietic cells were attributable to these phenotypes. We further found that the erythroid-island-forming ability of BM central macrophages was compromised along with the transcriptional upregulation of interleukin-6. Various Inflammatory conditions hamper BM erythropoiesis, which often accompanies extramedullary hematopoiesis. The mouse model demonstrated here may be of relevance to this common pathophysiologic condition. Stem Cells 2019;37:924–936
Reliability evaluation of power system incorporating wind farm for generation expansion planning based on ANLSA approach
Authors: Ballireddy Tulasi RamaKrishna Rao , Modi Pawan Kumar 
Published: April 2019

AbstractReliability evaluation of power‐generating systems gives a mechanism to guarantee proper system operations in the face of different uncertainties including equipment failures. It is regularly not attainable to identify all possible failure states to figure the reliability indices because of the large number of system states engaged with system operations. Therefore, a hybrid optimization technique is required to analyse the reliability of the power system. This paper proposes a hybrid optimization technique to evaluate the reliability of a power system for the generation expansion planning incorporating wind energy source. The proposed hybrid methodology is the joined execution of both ant lion optimization algorithm (ALO) and lightning search algorithm (LSA), and it is named as ANLSA. ALO searching behavior is enhanced by LSA. Through the inherent convergence mechanisms, ANLSA search the meaningful system states. The most probable failure states contribute reliability indices of power generating system including mean down time (MDT), loss of load probability (LOLP), loss of load expectation (LOLE), loss of load frequency (LOLF), and expected demand not supplied (EDNS). Furthermore, ANLSA is utilized to assess the reliability of system under normal condition, integration of wind farm with capacity of 150 MW, and considering spinning reserve requirement (SRR). By then, the proposed work is actualized in MATLAB/Simulink platform and it is demonstrated on IEEE reliability test system (IEEE RTS‐79). Furthermore, the statistical analysis of proposed and existing techniques such as Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) and discrete convolution (DC) is considered. The comparison results demonstrate that proposed approach confirms its ability for evaluating the power system reliability.
Competing Risk Analysis in Lung Cancer Patients Over 80 Years Old Undergoing Surgery
Authors: Hino Haruaki , Karasaki Takahiro , Yoshida Yukihiro , Fukami Takeshi , Sano Atsushi , Tanaka Makoto , Furuhata Yoshiaki , Kashiwabara Kosuke , Ichinose Junji , Kawashima Mitsuaki , Nakajima Jun 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to analyze cause‐specific mortality in lung cancer patients over 80 years old undergoing surgery.MethodsThis retrospective, multi‐institutional analysis included patients aged ≥ 80 years who underwent radical surgery for primary lung cancer from January 1998 to December 2015. Preoperative clinical data, surgical results, survival, and cause of death were evaluated. Competing risk analysis for cause‐specific mortality was performed.ResultsOf the 337 patients (median age 82 years) enrolled and analyzed, 68.1% were male. There were 52 and 44 cancer‐specific and non‐cancer‐specific deaths, respectively. On competing risk regression analysis, non‐cancer‐specific deaths were significantly associated with male sex (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.06, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–9.12, p = 0.046), coronary artery disease (HR: 2.49, 95% CI: 2.49 [1.14–5.47], p = 0.02), interstitial pneumonia (HR: 3.58, 95% CI: 1.73–7.40, p < 0.001), and pathological stage III (HR: 3.83, 95% CI: 1.44–10.13, p = 0.007). In contrast, cancer‐specific deaths were significantly associated with limited resection (HR: 1.99, 95% CI: 1.02–3.89, p = 0.04) and pathological stage III (HR: 3.13, 95% CI: 1.44–6.80, p = 0.004). The 5‐year cumulative incidences of lung cancer‐specific and non‐cancer‐specific deaths were 18.0% and 15.9%, respectively.ConclusionsPrognostic factors for non‐cancer‐specific death were different from those of cancer‐specific death, except for pathological stage. Each prognostic factor should be considered when deciding surgical indication and procedure and monitoring for pulmonary events during outpatient follow‐up.
Low Preoperative Mental and Physical Health is Associated with Poorer Postoperative Recovery in Patients Undergoing Day Surgery: A Secondary Analysis from a Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Nilsson Ulrica , Dahlberg Karuna , Jaensson Maria 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundDay surgical procedures are increasing both in Sweden and internationally. Day surgery patients prepare for and handle their recovery on their own at home. The aim of this study was to investigate patients’ preoperative mental and physical health and its association with the quality of their recovery after day surgery.MethodThis was a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Data were collected at four‐day surgery units in Sweden. Health‐related quality of life was measured using the Short Form 36 (SF‐36) Health Survey, and postoperative recovery was assessed using the Swedish web version of the Quality of Recovery (SwQoR) scale.ResultThis study included 756‐day surgery patients. A low, compared with a high, preoperative mental component score was associated with poorer recovery as shown by responses to 21/24 and 22/24 SwQoR items, respectively, on postoperative days (PODs) 7 and 14. A low compared with a high preoperative physical component score was associated with poorer recovery in 18/24 SwQoR items on POD 7 and 13/24 on POD 14.ConclusionA clear message from this study is for surgeons, anaesthetists and nurses to consider the fact that postoperative recovery largely depends on patients’ preoperative mental and psychical status. A serious attempt must be made, as a part of the routine preoperative assessment, to assess and document not only the physical but also the mental status of patients undergoing anaesthesia and surgery.Trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT0249219.
Metabolic engineering of glucose uptake systems in Corynebacterium glutamicum for improving the efficiency of l-lysine production
Authors: Xu Jian-Zhong , Yu Hai-Bo , Han Mei , Liu Li-Ming , Zhang Wei-Guo 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Traditional amino acid producers typically exhibit the low glucose uptake rate and growth deficiency, resulting in a long fermentation time because of the accumulation of side mutations in breeding of strains. In this study, we demonstrate that the efficiency of l-lysine production in traditional l-lysine producer Corynebacterium glutamicum ZL-9 can be improved by rationally engineering glucose uptake systems. To do this, different bypasses for glucose uptake were investigated to reveal the best glucose uptake system for l-lysine production in traditional l-lysine producer. This study showed that overexpression of the key genes in PTSGlc or non-PTSGlc increased the glucose consumption, growth rate, and l-lysine production. However, increasing the function of PTSGlc in glucose uptake led to the increase of by-products, especially for plasmid-mediated expression system. Increasing the participation of non-PTSGlc in glucose utilization showed the best glucose uptake system for l-lysine production. The final strain ZL-92 with increasing the expression level of iolT1, iolT2 and ppgK could produce 201.6 ± 13.8 g/L of l-lysine with a productivity of 5.04 g/L/h and carbon yield of 0.65 g/(g glucose) in fed-batch culture. This is the first report of a rational modification of glucose uptake systems that improve the efficiency of l-lysine production through increasing the participation of non-PTSGlc in glucose utilization in traditional l-lysine producer. Similar strategies can be also used for producing other amino acids or their derivatives.
Virtue, Rule-Following, and Absolute Prohibitions
Authors: REID JEREMY 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn her seminal article ‘Modern Moral Philosophy’ (1958) Elizabeth Anscombe argued that we need a new ethics, one that uses virtue terms to generate absolute prohibitions against certain act-types. Leading contemporary virtue ethicists have not taken up Anscombe's challenge in justifying absolute prohibitions and have generally downplayed the role of rule-following in their normative theories. That they have not done so is primarily because contemporary virtue ethicists have focused on what is sufficient for characterizing the deliberation and action of the fully virtuous person, and rule-following is inadequate for this task. In this article, I take up Anscombe's challenge by showing that rule-following is necessary for virtuous agency, and that virtue ethics can justify absolute prohibitions. First, I offer a possibility proof by showing how virtue ethics can generate absolute prohibitions in three ways: by considering actions that directly manifest vice or that cannot be performed virtuously; actions that are prohibited by one's institutional roles and practical identities; and actions that are prohibited by the prescriptions of the wise. I then seek to show why virtue ethicists should incorporate rule-following and absolute prohibitions into their theories. I emphasize the central role that rules have in the development of virtue, then motivate the stronger view that fully virtuous agents follow moral rules by considering the importance of hope, uncertainty about consequences, and taking responsibility for what eventuates. Finally, I provide an account of what Anscombe called a ‘corrupt mind’, explaining how our understanding of virtue is corrupted if we think that virtue may require us to do vicious actions.
Questions and Answers: Metaphysical Explanation and the Structure of Reality
Authors: THOMPSON NAOMI 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTThis paper develops an account of metaphysical explanation according to which metaphysical explanations are answers towhat-makes-it-the-case-thatquestions. On this view, metaphysical explanations are not to be considered entirely objective, but are subject to epistemic constraints imposed by the context in which a relevant question is asked. The resultant account of metaphysical explanation is developed independently of any particular views aboutgrounding. Toward the end of the paper an application of the view is proposed that takes metaphysical explanations conceived in this way to characterize reality's structure. According to this proposal, reality's structure is partly constituted by a projection of our explanatory practices onto reality.
Incidentaloma Discoveries in the Course of Neuroimaging Research
Authors: Stip Emmanuel , Miron Jean-Philippe , Nolin Marie , Letourneau Geneviève , Bernazzani Odette , Chamelian Laurie , Boileau Bernard , Gupta Mona , Luck David , Lungu Ovidiu 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTAmong healthy volunteers in psychiatric brain functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) research studies, the prevalence of incidentalomas can be as high as 34%, of which 10% show clinical significance. An incidentaloma is a lesion found by coincidence without clinical symptoms or suspicion. Like lesions and other types of accidental findings, it is found in healthy individuals recruited to take part in psychiatric studies. The prevalence of these accidental findings among specific psychiatric populations remains unknown. However, a precise understanding of cerebral neuroanatomy, neuroradiological expertise, and an appropriate choice of fMRI exploration sequences will increase the sensitivity of identifying these accidental findings and enable researchers to address their clinical relevance and nature. We present recommendations on how to appropriately inform patients or participants of the accidental findings. Additionally, we propose specific suggestions pertaining to the clinical research setting aimed for investigators and psychiatrists. Unlike current articles pertaining to incidentaloma, the current report provides a distinct focus on psychiatric issues and specific recommendations for studies involving psychiatric patients.
The Changing Landscape of Treatment for Intracranial Aneurysm
Authors: Lozano Christopher S. , Lozano Andres M. , Spears Julian 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT:There has been a significant transformation in the treatment of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) over the past century, with the most pivotal changes occurring in the past three decades. To characterize this evolution, we assessed the number of articles published on various procedures for the treatment of IA as a measure of their interest and usage over time. We separated our analysis into two main areas: surgical and endovascular approaches. We further subdivided these two main categories into clipping and bypass for surgery, and coiling, flow diversion, and liquid material embolization for endovascular approaches. We found 5956 publications on open surgical approaches in the 70-year period from 1947 to 2017, with papers on clipping (n = 4204), being the most common. We found 8602 endovascular publications beginning in 1964, with most of the activity taking place in the late 1990s and beyond. Coiling had the most publications of the endovascular approaches (n = 5436). In 1999, the number of annual publications on endovascular treatments surpassed those of open surgery, signaling a crossover point in the IA literature. The same trend continues to this date.