bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PVA‐encapsulated Palladium Nanoparticles: Eco‐friendly and Highly Selective Catalyst for Hydrogenation of Nitrobenzene in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Wang Xiaoyan , Huang Changru , Li Xiaohao , Xie Congxia , Yu Shitao 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn aqueous medium without any other additives, palladium (Pd) nanoparticles with water‐soluble polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as stabilizer were synthesized for the catalytic hydrogenation of nitrobenzene. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the nitrobenzene conversion and the selectivity for aniline were 99.3 % and 100 %, respectively. Comprehensive characterization methods, including TEM, UV/Vis, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), XRD and XPS allowed a better understanding of the role of PVA aggregates and the properties of Pd nanoparticles. The nitrobenzene conversion exceeded 80 % even after 6 cycles without any treatment of the catalyst. A mechanism about the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene catalyzed by Pd/PVA system was proposed. The Pd/PVA catalyst also exhibited excellent activity and selectivity, particularly to ortho‐fluoronitrobenzene and ortho‐nitrotoluene. This research can provide a reference for the environmentally friendly catalysis for hydrogenation of nitrobenzene and other substituted nitrobenzene compounds.
Characterization of periodontitis in people with type 1 diabetes of 50 years or longer duration
Authors: Shinjo Takanori , Ishikado Atsushi , Hasturk Hatice , Pober David M. , Paniagua Samantha M. , Shah Hetal , Wu I‐Hsien , Tinsley Liane J. , Matsumoto Motonobu , Keenan Hillary A. , Van Dyke Thomas E. , Genco Robert J. , King George L. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundPeriodontitis is more common and severe in people with diabetes than the general population. We have reported in the Joslin Medalist Study that people with type 1 diabetes of ≥50 years (Medalists) may have endogenous protective factors against diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, the prevalence of periodontitis according to the Centers for Disease Control/American Academy of Periodontology classification in a subset (n = 170, mean age = 64.6 ± 6.9 years) of the Medalist cohort, and its associations to various criteria of periodontitis and diabetic complications were assessed.ResultsThe prevalence of severe periodontitis in Medalists was only 13.5% which was lower than reported levels in diabetic patients of similar ages. Periodontal parameters, including bleeding on probing, plaque index, gingival index, and demographic traits, including male sex, chronological age, and age at diagnosis were significantly associated with severity of periodontitis, which did not associate with diabetes duration, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), body mass index, and lipid profiles. Random serum C‐peptide levels inversely associated with severity of periodontitis (P = 0.03), lower probing depth (P = 0.0002), and clinical attachment loss (P = 0.03). Prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and systemic inflammatory markers, plasma interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and serum immunoglobulin G titer against Porphyromonas gingivalis positively associated with severity of periodontitis (P = 0.002 and 0.02, respectively). Antibody titer to P. gingivalis correlated positively and significantly with CVD, serum IL‐6, and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein.ConclusionsSome Medalists could be protected from severe periodontitis even with hyperglycemia. Endogenous protective factors for periodontitis could possibly be related to residual insulin production and lower levels of chronic inflammation.
Do clinical investigations predict long‐term wheeze? A follow‐up of pediatric respiratory outpatients
Authors: de Jong Carmen C. M. , Pedersen Eva SL. , Goutaki Myrofora , Trachsel Daniel , Barben Juerg , Kuehni Claudia E. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe contribution of clinical investigations to prediction of long‐term outcomes of children investigated for asthma is unclear.AimWe performed a broad range of clinical tests and investigated whether they helped to predict long‐term wheeze among children referred for evaluation of possible asthma.MethodsWe studied children aged 6 to 16 years referred to two Swiss pulmonary outpatient clinics with a history of wheeze, dyspnea, or cough in 2007. The initial assessment included spirometry, fractional exhaled nitric oxide, skin prick tests, and bronchial provocation tests by exercise, methacholine, and mannitol. Respiratory symptoms were assessed with questionnaires at baseline and at follow‐up 7 years later. Associations between baseline factors and wheeze at follow‐up were investigated by logistic regression.ResultsAt baseline, 111 children were examined in 2007. After 7 years, 85 (77%) completed the follow‐up questionnaire, among whom 61 (72%) had wheeze at baseline, while at follow‐up 39 (46%) reported wheeze. Adjusting for age and sex, the following characteristics predicted wheeze at adolescence: wheeze triggered by pets (odds ratio, 4.2; 95% CI, 1.2‐14.8), pollen (2.8, 1.1‐7.0), and exercise (3.1, 1.2‐8.0). Of the clinical tests, only a positive exercise test (3.2, 1.1‐9.7) predicted wheeze at adolescence.ConclusionReported exercise‐induced wheeze and wheeze triggered by pets or pollen were important predictors of wheeze persistence into adolescence. None of the clinical tests predicted wheeze more strongly than reported symptoms. Clinical tests might be important for asthma diagnosis but medical history is more helpful in predicting prognosis in children referred for asthma.
Preparative isolation of caffeoylquinic acid isomers from Kuding tea by salt‐containing aqueous two‐phase extraction and purification by high‐speed countercurrent chromatography
Authors: Liu Dan , Liu Xinxin , Zhang Xiaozhe 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCaffeoylquinic acid and its derivatives are important groups of natural plant phenols with antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. In this study, a salt‐containing aqueous system consisting of ethanol/ammonium sulfate/water 32:21:47 wt% was used to enrich these polar phenols from crude Kuding tea extract. In a one‐step extraction, the yields of 1‐O‐caffeoylquinic acid and 3‐O‐caffeoylquinic acid can be up to three times that obtained by using a 1‐butanol/water system. To purify polar caffeoylquinic acid, a two‐step high‐speed countercurrent chromatography method with a conventional organic/water system and a salt‐containing aqueous system was introduced. In the first step, dicaffeoylquinic acids and their derivatives were separated from the crude extract using n‐hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (0.05% formic acid) 1:5:2.5:5 v/v. And caffeoylquinic acids and polar 1,3‐O‐dicaffeoylquinic acid were collected as a mixed fraction. In the second step, the mixture was futher purified using a 1‐butanol/ethanol/saturated ammonium sulfate/water (9:1:6:4, v/v) solvent system. 1‐O‐Caffeoylquinic acid, 3‐O‐caffeoylquinic acid, chlorogenic acid, and 1,3‐O‐dicaffeoylquinic acid were well separated with high purities of 90%. The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were identified by liquid chromatography with diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry using a standard reference.
Access to Books Matters: Cultural Ambassadors and the Editorial Task Force
Authors: Wu Andrea Mei‐Ying 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe author introduces the Editorial Task Force for Children's Books and discusses its mission, created when the task force was launched in the mid‐1960s in Taiwan, to publish children's books for young readers. The messages embedded in such a mission for access to books are not only individually pertinent but also nationally and globally significant. Munro Leaf and Helen R. Sattley, two cultural ambassadors from the United States, also play significant roles as children's literature specialists to usher in new concepts on reading and writing for the young. A look back at the history of the campaign for childhood reading in one country and in a global context can help teachers and educators (re)consider why access to books matters for students in the present day. Children's access to books, particularly in the digital age, remains an urgent and demanding issue that requires further cross‐cultural dialogue and understanding.
An Empirical Study of the Effect of Voluntary Limit-Setting on Gamblers’ Loyalty Using Behavioural Tracking Data
Authors: Auer Michael , Hopfgartner Niklas , Griffiths Mark D. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOnline gambling has become increasingly popular over the past decade as has research using behavioural tracking (player account) data. To date, there is no study that has empirically investigated the effects of responsible gambling tools on loyalty. In the present study, the effect of voluntary limit-setting on player loyalty was evaluated over time using tracking data provided by an online gambling operator. More specifically, the authors were given access to an anonymised dataset of 175,818 players who had placed at least one bet or gambled at least once during January 2016 to May 2017 at the online gambling operator Kindred. The average age of the players was 31 years, and overall 18,484 of the players were female (10.5%). The dataset comprised a 20% random sample of the total player population of Kindred. In each of ten playing intensity groups, the percentage of active players in the first quarter of 2017 was higher in the group of players who had set voluntary money limits in the first quarter of 2016 compared to players that did not (suggesting players that set voluntary spending limits are more loyal compared to those who do not). The implications of these findings are discussed.
Management of Cushing's Disease After Failed Surgery - A Review
Authors: McLaughlin Nancy , Kassam Amin B. , Prevedello Daniel M. , Kelly Daniel F. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract:Selective transsphenoidal adenomectomy is generally recommended for initial treatment of Cushing's disease (CD) because it achieves a high (70-85%) rate of remission. However, if initial surgery is not successful, the approach to persistent or recurrent CD is more complex. Because residual or recurrent adenoma is typically found at the site of the original adenoma, repeat transsphenoidal surgery is recommended including selective adenomectomy, hemihypophysectomy or total hypophysectomy. If repeat pituitary surgery does not achieve remission, then possible adjuvant therapies include radiosurgery or stereotactic radiotherapy, bilateral adrenalectomy, and/or medical therapy. In all cases of persistent or recurrent CD, successful treatment requires close collaboration of endocrinologists, radiation oncologists and neurosurgeons.
Bois et déboisement dans la Méditerranée antique
Authors: Harris William V. 
Published: April 2019

RésuméL’accumulation rapide de données scientifiques (notamment palynologiques) permet aujourd’hui de faire l’histoire longue de la déforestation. Dans cet article portant sur le monde méditerranéen de 800 av. J.-C. à 600 ap. J.-C., le croisement de ces élément avec les sources textuelles nous permet de montrer que gestion des forêts a permis de limiter les déforestations sévères (menant à la pénurie de bois de chauffe) à des occurrences relativement isolées. Les données sur les grands arbres, toutefois, suggèrent que ces essences se dépeuplaient dans des proportions parfois aiguës dans les régions où la construction de navires ou de grands bâtiments était intense. En l’état actuel de nos connaissances, ni une lecture catastrophiste ni une vision trop optimiste ne se justifient, mais les données continuent de s’accumuler, et de sérieux problèmes de définition demeurent qui incitent à la prudence des conclusions.
Diasporas marchandes et commerce interculturel: Familles, réseaux et confiance dans l’économie de l’époque modern
Authors: Calafat Guillaume 
Published: April 2019

RésuméComment entretenir des relations de commerce durables avec des étrangers, différents par leurs ethnies, leurs langues ou leurs religions ? Comment leur faire confiance ou s’assurer de leur honnêteté malgré la distance matérielle ? L’historiographie a coutume de mettre en avant la forte cohésion ethnique des diasporas marchandes pour expliquer leur succès dans l’économie globalisée de l’époque moderne. Dans son dernier ouvrage, Francesca Trivellato remet en question cette vision essentialiste. À travers l’étude de la correspondance d’Ergas &Silvera, une société en nom collectif sépharade basée dans le port toscan de Livourne, l’historienne montre l’hétérogénéité de leurs réseaux marchands : les juifs sépharades pouvaient coopérer tout aussi bien avec des coreligionnaires qu’avec des catholiques, voire des hindous à Goa, en fonction des perspectives de gain qu’offraient les associés potentiels. Cela ne dissolvait pas pour autant les préjugés existants entre les différents groupes. L’ouvrage incite de manière convaincante à entreprendre une analyse comparée des diasporas marchandes et offre un exemple réussi d’histoire connectée.
Development of a new spatial analysis tool in mental health: Identification of highly autocorrelated areas (hot-spots) of schizophrenia using a Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithm model (MOEA/HS)
Authors: García-Alonso Carlos R. , Salvador-Carulla Luis , Negrín-Hernández Miguel A. , Moreno-Küstner Berta 
Published: April 2019

SUMMARYAims— This study had two objectives: 1) to design and develop a computer-based tool, calledMulti-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm/Hot-Spots(MOEA/HS), to identify and geographically locate highly autocorrelated zones or hot-spots and which merges different methods, and 2) to carry out a demonstration study in a geographical area where previous information about the distribution of schizophrenia prevalence is available and which can therefore be compared.Methods—Local Indicators of Spatial Aggregation(LISA) models as well as theBayesian Conditional Autoregressive Model(CAR) were used as objectives in a multicriteria framework when highly autocorrelated zones (hot-spots) need to be identified and geographically located. AMulti-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm(MOEA) model was designed and used to identify highly autocorrelated areas of the prevalence of schizophrenia in Andalusia. Hot-spots were statistically identified using exponential-based QQ-Plots (statistics of extremes).Results— Efficient solutions (Pareto set) from MOEA/HS were analysed statistically and one main hot-spot was identified and spatially located. Our model can be used to identify and locate geographical hot-spots of schizophrenia prevalence in a large and complicated region.Conclusions— MOEA/HS enables a compromise to be achieved between different econometric methods by highlighting very special zones in complex areas where schizophrenia shows a high autocorrelation.Declaration of Interest:This study was partly supported by the Andalusian Government, P05-TIC-00531, PAI:P06-CTS-01765, CTS-587, PI-338/2008]; the Ministry of Education and Science [TIN2005–08386-C05–02] and the Ministry of Health [PI08/90752]. No additional financial sources have been received. No involvements are in conflict with this paper.
Depression and treatment nonadherence in type 2 diabetes: Assessment issues and an integrative treatment approach
Authors: Gonzalez Jeffrey S. , Esbitt Sabrina A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractResearch has found that depression is more common among individuals with diabetes and is associated with worse diabetes outcomes including treatment nonadherence, worse glycemic control, higher risk of diabetes complications, greater functional impairment, and increased risk of mortality. These patterns of association have led to an increase in research investigating the relationship between diabetes and depression. There remain important questions about the relationship between depression and diabetes and an unmet need for treatment approaches that are successful in ameliorating depression and improving diabetes outcomes. The current commentary discusses several conceptual issues related to the measurement of depression in diabetes, argues for the importance of health behavior and treatment adherence in approaching the problem of depression in diabetes, and provides an example of a treatment approach that incorporates the treatment of depression with strategies aimed at improving treatment adherence in order to maximize effects on diabetes outcomes.
The many lives of an (associate) editor
Authors: Pariante Carmine M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe role of editor of a journal attracts the vision of a scholar isolated in an ivory tower selecting “la crème” of the submitted papers, with no other preoccupations that the scientific rigour. This, is of course, only one of the many roles – or, as this editorial calls them, lives – of an editor. The essential skills are many and more complex, and an editor will encounter many problems that are related to such diverse issues as anticipating scientific trends, investigating misbehaviours, settling ethical disputes, and interfacing with the lay press. It is exciting and rewarding, and never predictable.
Girder integration NSLS-II
Authors: Doom L. , Anerella M. , Dilgen T. , Edwards R. , Faussete R. , Hubbard R. , Jain A. , Karl F. , Lucas M. , Sharma S. , Skaritka J. , Spataro C. 
Published: April 2019

National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II) will be a 3-GeV 792 m circumference third generation synchrotron radiation facility with ultra low emittance and extremely high brightness. There will be a total of 90 multipole storage ring girders supporting the vacuum chambers, multipole magnets and various pieces of ancillary equipment. A major effort is being made to meet the stringent assembly and alignment requirements for the girder assemblies using relatively few and removable positioning fixtures. Girder assembly and alignment will be accomplished in four phases. Each of these phases will be described along with the fixtures required.
Contrasting Short‐Lived With Long‐Lived Mesoscale Eddies in the Global Ocean
Authors: Chen Ge , Han Guiyan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe increase of temporal resolution from weekly to daily and spatial resolution from ~1° to ~(1/4)° in merged altimeter sea surface height data along with their over two decades of time series opens an unprecedented opportunity to reveal the “spectrum” of eddy variabilities from days to years in time and from mesoscale to semimesoscale in space. Eddies with a lifetime shorter than 1 month or longer than 1 year are classified here as short lived and long lived, respectively. Contrasting the variabilities of short‐ and long‐lived eddies could be an effective way to explore their geographic origins and dynamic formations. In the time domain, the population fluctuations of short‐ and long‐lived eddies are basically dominated by annual and interannual component, respectively. The magnitude of kinematic and dynamic properties of oceanic eddies is positively correlated with their lifetime in general. Statistically, the properties of short‐lived (long‐lived) eddies experience a symmetric (an asymmetric) growth and decay with a single flat peak during their life cycles. In the space domain, eddy occurrence is observed as a high probability event, which can reach every corner of the ocean. However, homes of short‐ and long‐lived eddies are highly regionalized and are geographically separated. A prominent “young eddy belt” is observed in the tropical oceans for the first time. These findings suggest two fundamental characteristics with regard to short‐ and long‐lived mesoscale eddies: residing in largely separated geographic zones under different mechanisms while following a similar pattern of intrinsic life cycle in terms of property evolution.
Ferrite‐based axial flux permanent magnet generator for wind turbines
Authors: Ridge Alex N. , Ademi Sul , McMahon Richard A. , Kelly Hugh‐Peter 
Published: April 2019

This study presents the development of a framework used to optimise and experimentally validate a novel axial flux direct‐drive (DD) permanent magnet generator (PMG) for the offshore wind turbine market. This technology aims to offer significant levelised cost of energy (LCoE) reductions via capital expenditure and operating expense (CAPEX and OPEX) savings – a key objective for the offshore industry. The DD‐PMG technology uses ferrite magnets to create the magnetic field, which is a significant source of cost reduction. The use of ferrite could also eliminate an industry wide reliance on neodymium iron boron, the scarce and expensive rare‐earth magnet used in existing designs. Another advantage of a ferrite‐based design is that it is less sensitive to the cooling problems that currently face existing DD‐PMGs. This study describes the development and testing of two prototype machines at nominal 2 and 70 kW power ratings. Moreover, the finite element analysis and analytical steps employed to develop optimised designs together with the experimental verification are presented. The simulated and experimental results show good agreement which provides confidence in the design and modelling work completed.
Image charge detection statistics relevant for deterministic ion implantation
Authors: Räcke Paul , Staacke Robert , Gerlach Jürgen W , Meijer Jan , Spemann Daniel 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Image charge detection is a non-perturbative pre-detection approach for deterministic ion implantation. Using low energy ion bunches as a model system for highly charged single ions, we experimentally studied the error and detection rates of an image charge detector setup. The probability density functions of the signal amplitudes in the Fourier spectrum can be modelled with a generalised gamma distribution to predict error and detection rates. It is shown that the false positive error rate can be minimised at the cost of detection rate, but this does not impair the fidelity of a deterministic implantation process. Independent of the ion species, at a signal-to-noise ratio of 2, a false positive error rate of 0.1% is achieved, while the detection rate is about 22%.