bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The sceptical optimist: challenges and perspectives for the application of environmental DNA in marine fisheries
Authors: Hansen Brian Klitgaard , Bekkevold Dorte , Clausen Lotte Worsøe , Nielsen Einar Eg 
Published: April 2018

AbstractApplication of environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis has attracted the attention of researchers, advisors and managers of living marine resources and biodiversity. The apparent simplicity and cost‐effectiveness of eDNA analysis make it highly attractive as species distributions can be revealed from water samples. Further, species‐specific analyses indicate that eDNA concentrations correlate with biomass and abundance, suggesting the possibility for quantitative applications estimating abundance and biomass of specific organisms in marine ecosystems, such as for stock assessment. However, the path from detecting occurrence of an organism to quantitative estimates is long and indirect, not least as eDNA concentration depends on several physical, chemical and biological factors which influence its production, persistence and transport in marine ecosystems. Here, we provide an overview of basic principles in relation to eDNA analysis with potential for marine fisheries application. We describe fundamental processes governing eDNA generation, breakdown and transport and summarize current uncertainties about these processes. We describe five major challenges in relation to application in fisheries assessment, where there is immediate need for knowledge building in marine systems, and point to apparent weaknesses of eDNA compared to established marine fisheries monitoring methods. We provide an overview of emerging applications of interest to fisheries management and point to recent technological advances, which could improve analysis efficiency. We advise precaution against exaggerating the present scope for application of eDNA analysis in fisheries monitoring, but also argue that with informed insights into strengths and limitations, eDNA analysis can become an integrated tool in fisheries assessment and management.
Managing the development of artificial reef systems: The need for quantitative goals
Authors: Becker Alistair , Taylor Matthew D. , Folpp Heath , Lowry Michael B. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFisheries enhancement initiatives are a potentially useful tool for managers to supplement traditional approaches. Habitat‐based enhancements often deploy artificial reefs with the aim to increase the available structure to augment local production, yet current assessment approaches make it difficult to assess whether these reefs achieve pre‐deployment goals. This makes it hard for managers to determine whether artificial reefs could improve their fishery outputs, potentially leading to missed opportunities and reduced production. We reviewed 270 research articles to determine whether existing monitoring studies identify whether artificial reefs meet their pre‐deployment goals, thereby providing some evidence of their suitability for certain fisheries. We found only 62% of these studies clearly articulated the original goals of the reef. Goals were qualitative, and most studies were conducted over insufficient time frames to allow for ecological communities to stabilize and mature. It is therefore difficult to determine the success or failure of many artificial reefs in addressing the management issues for which they were deployed. In the light of these findings, we think the setting of explicit quantitative goals (which may be biological, social or economic), and monitoring the performance of reefs against these goals, could stimulate the broader application of artificial reefs in fisheries management strategies. Such an approach has been successfully adopted in aquaculture‐based fisheries enhancement, and we explain how current evaluation methods such as harvest strategies can be easily adapted to quantitatively monitor artificial reef performance.
Winter activity of common bream (Abramis brama L.) in a European reservoir
Authors: Jurajda P. , Roche K. , Halačka K. , Mrkvová M. , Zukal J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAs temperatures drop and fish metabolism slows, cyprinids are generally assumed to form dense, static shoals or migrate to suitable sites up tributaries to reduce predation risk. Using telemetry, common bream Abramis brama (L.) were observed to remain active and (presumably) foraged throughout winter in an area in the middle of an 8‐m‐deep valley reservoir coinciding with a 3–5 m zone of warmer, oxygenated water below an inverse thermocline. Tagged bream appeared to avoid cold, shallow zones (<1.5 m) at the inlet and banks and the deepest zone (5–8 m) near the dam/outlet, possibly due to poor food availability. Under certain conditions, bream populations showed higher levels of winter activity (and feeding) than previously assumed, with implications for both reservoir fisheries management and future studies assessing cyprinid behaviour, energy budgets and diet in lakes and reservoirs.
Groundwater Modeling with Nonlinear Uncertainty Analyses to Enhance Remediation Design Confidence
Authors: Brouwers Martinus , Martin Paul J. , Abbey Daron G. , White Jeremy 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSoil and groundwater contamination are often managed by establishing on‐site cleanup targets within the context of risk assessment or risk management measures. Decision‐makers rely on modeling tools to provide insight; however, it is recognized that all models are subject to uncertainty. This case study compares suggested remediation requirements using a site‐specific numerical model and a standardized analytical tool to evaluate risk to a downgradient wetland receptor posed by on‐site chloride impacts. The base case model, calibrated to observed non‐pumping and pumping conditions, predicts a peak concentration well above regulatory criteria. Remediation scenarios are iteratively evaluated to determine a remediation design that adheres to practical site constraints, while minimizing the potential for risk to the downgradient receptor. A nonlinear uncertainty analysis is applied to each remediation scenario to stochastically evaluate the risk and find a solution that meets the site‐owner risk tolerance, which in this case required a risk‐averse solution. This approach, which couples nonlinear uncertainty analysis with a site‐specific numerical model provides an enhanced level of knowledge to foster informed decision‐making (i.e., risk‐of‐success) and also increases stakeholder confidence in the remediation design.
Identification and description of controlled clinical trials in Spanish language dental journals
Authors: Villanueva Julio , Delgado Isabel , Saldarriaga Julio R. , Gargallo Maria Garcia , Amaro Yanina , Zapata Sebastián , Núñez Lorena , Zamorano Gabriel , Pardo‐Hernandez Hector , Bonfill Xavier , Martin Conchita 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundTo identify controlled clinical trials (CCTs) published in Spanish and in Latin American dental journals, and provide access to this body of evidence in a single source.MethodsHandsearching, following Cochrane Collaboration guidelines, of CCTs published in Spanish dental journals from Spain and Latin America. For each eligible trial, we collected the dental specialty, the interventions evaluated, whether and how randomisation was achieved, and the corresponding bibliographic reference.ResultsWe handsearched 107 journals published in Spain and Latin America in Spanish. Over 17 051 articles, 244 (1.43%) were CCTs. These studies focused mainly on periodontics (70, 29.0%) and oral and maxillofacial surgery (66, 27.0%), assessing mostly pharmacological interventions (112, 46.0%). One hundred fifty‐three studies (62.7%) used a random allocation of participants to study arms.ConclusionsA significant number of dental journals published in Spain and Latin America in Spanish language present original research relevant to inform clinical practice. These journals are not indexed in the major electronic databases.Practical ImplicationsReferences to the identified CCTs are now available in CENTRAL, the Cochrane Collaboration repository for these studies. We call for adherence to the CONSORT statement in dentistry to improve reporting of CCTs in journals published in Spanish language.
Information Pertaining to Released Sex Offenders: To Disclose or Not to Disclose, that is the Question
Authors: FITZGERALD O'REILLY MARGARET 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWhen it comes to offenders, none stand so loathed in the public mind as sex offenders. So when it comes time for such offenders to be released, policies within the criminal justice sphere have focused upon managing potential risks in the name of public protection. In recent times one issue that remains particularly contentious is that of disclosure of information about sex offenders, particularly public access to such information. This is part of a larger issue as to whether sex offenders are ever allowed to move on with their lives following a conviction. Post‐release management of offenders aims to enhance public safety, but it also affects the idea that once an offender has served their sentence, the criminal justice system no longer has any claim over them. With this issue in mind, this article aims to examine current policy and debates in Ireland on the issue of disclosure in light of policy changes elsewhere. Rather than definitively answer the question posed in the title, the article seeks to explore how disclosure of information could serve to perpetuate the idea of ‘once an offender, always an offender’, thus rendering it impossible to move to a narrative of reintegration and rehabilitation.
2,3,5,4′‐Tetrahydroxystilbene‐2‐O‐β‐glucoside potentiates self‐renewal of human dental pulp stem cells via the AMPK/ERK/SIRT1 axis
Authors: Lin C.‐Y. , Chin Y.‐T. , Kuo P.‐J. , Lee H.‐W. , Huang H.‐M. , Lin H.‐Y. , Weng I.‐T. , Hsiung C.‐N. , Chan Y.‐H. , Lee S.‐Y. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effect of 2,3,5,4′‐tetrahydroxystilbene‐2‐O‐β‐D‐glucoside (THSG) on cell proliferation and examine the mechanisms of THSG‐enhanced proliferative potential in human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSC).MethodologyAfter treatment with THSG, hDPSC were collected. Cell viability was determined by MTS assay, while messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of proliferation and stem cell markers were analyzed using real‐time PCR. Flow cytometry was also conducted to analysis protein expression of stem cell markers. A colony‐forming unit assay of hDPSC was carried out. Cellular telomerase activity was also identified using real‐time PCR. In addition, proliferation‐related proteins involved in the effects of THSG on hDPSC were analyzed by Western blotting. Data were analyzed using one‐way analysis of variance and two‐tailed Student's t‐test.ResultsCell viability, colony‐forming rates and telomerase activities of hDPSCs were enhanced after THSG treatment. mRNA expressions of proliferation markers (including expressions of NAD+‐dependent histone deacetylase sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclin D1 and ribonucleotide reductase subunit M2 (RRM2)) increased significantly after THSG treatment (P < 0.05). Treatment with THSG for 3 h significantly augmented SIRT1 protein expression (P < 0.05). Furthermore, activities of proliferation‐related proteins (including AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) had also significantly increased at 3 h (P < 0.05). After THSG treatment, increased gene and protein expressions of pluripotent‐like stem cell markers (including NANOG, OCT4, and SOX2) were observed.Conclusions2,3,5,4′‐Tetrahydroxystilbene‐2‐O‐β‐glucoside treatment enhanced the renewal ability and proliferative potential of hDPSCs via the AMPK/ERK/SIRT1 axis, which may provide a novel autogenic cell‐based therapeutic strategy in regenerative dentistry.
Effect of chitosan–Jicama starch coating on changes in qualities of fresh Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fillets during ice storage
Authors: Li Dan , Zhao Yingxin , Han Peng , Yang Chengcheng , Liang Xiaobo , Li Lirong , Cai Shengbao 
Published: April 2018

SummaryThe effect of chitosan (0.5%)/Jicama starch (0%–4%)‐based edible coating on the quality of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fillets was evaluated over ice storage time. All samples were periodically analysed for pH value, thiobarbituric acid (TBA), total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N), electrical conductivity (EC), total viable counts (TVC), total psychrotrophic counts (TPC), drip loss, colour, hardness and sensory characteristics. Results demonstrated that the quality of Nile tilapia fillets was preserved by the film containing chitosan and/or Jicama starch. Compared with chitosan coating alone (0.5% chitosan/0.25% glycerol) (P < 0.05), T3 (0.5% chitosan/1% Jicama starch/0.25% glycerol) had a better effect on the drip loss, TBA, TVC, TPC, hardness and sensory characteristics of the samples, thus indicating that low Jicama starch concentration (1%) enriched the coating ability of chitosan in extending the shelf life of Nile tilapia fillets.
Use of coffee by‐products for the cultivation of Pleurotus citrinopileatus and Pleurotus salmoneo‐stramineus and its impact on biological properties of extracts thereof
Authors: Freitas Ana C. , Antunes Mariana B. , Rodrigues Dina , Sousa Sérgio , Amorim Manuela , Barroso Maria F. , Carvalho Ana , Ferrador Sandra M. , Gomes Ana M. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryIncorporating spent coffee grounds (SCGs), a by‐product from coffee brewing, in growth substrate of beneficial edible mushrooms is an approach that has to be further studied due to its potential positive outcomes: environmental impact mitigation, production costs reduction and beneficial impact on consumer health. Hence, cultivation of Pleurotus citrinopileatus and Pleurotus salmoneo‐stramineus was tested using SCG which enabled maximum production yield of P. citrinopileatus which was of 25.1% (w/w). Variable antidiabetic potential was observed between aqueous and enzymatic extracts (3.8%–29% inhibition) regardless species and substrates, whereas aqueous extract of P. citrinopileatus grown in substrate without SCG stood out presenting the highest antioxidant activity and inhibition activity of angiotensin I‐converting enzyme (IC50 = 123 μg mL−1). Ethanolic and aqueous extracts of both Pleurotus species grown in the presence or absence of SGC proved to be an interesting prebiotic source for growth of Bifidobacterium animalis Bo in comparison with fructooligosaccharides (FOS).
Inactivation of apple (Malus domestica Borkh) polyphenol oxidases by radio frequency combined with pulsed electric field treatment
Authors: Tian Yixiong , Wang Shukun , Yan Wenxu , Tang Yali , Yang Ruijin , Zhao Wei 
Published: April 2018

SummaryRadio frequency (RF) preprocessing combined with pulsed electric field (PEF) processing was employed to inactivate polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in apple juice. PPO enzyme levels, loss of total phenolic content (TPC), colours and volatile components in the apple juice were subsequently determined and compared with conventional processing methods (60 °C for 10 min and 70 °C for 10 min). Results indicated that, when the apple tissue was preprocessed using RF for 10 min, the residual activity of PPO decreased to 13.57%; when the squeezed juice was processed by PEF, the residual activity decreased to about 5% at 15–35 kV cm−1 for 400 μs. RF treatment caused no significant loss in TPC. Compared with the conventionally processed samples, the apple juice that was RF‐treated for 10 min and PEF‐treated at 15 kV cm−1 for 400 μs increased its lightness and maintained its fresh‐like flavour.
Laser prostate ablation and enucleation: Analysis of a national cohort
Authors: Kreydin Evgeniy I , Chyu Jennifer , Lerner Lori 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveTo compare characteristics and outcomes of benign prostatic hyperplasia patients undergoing prostate laser ablation with those undergoing laser enucleation using a nationwide cohort.MethodsMen who underwent prostate laser ablation (n=10054) or laser enucleation (n=1705) between 2011 and 2015 were identified by the common procedural terminology code as recorded in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. Preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative parameters were compared between the groups using univariate and multivariate analysis.ResultsProstate laser ablation patients were older, had more comorbidities and were more likely to have abnormal laboratory values. Enucleations were significantly longer and more likely to result in a hospital stay >1day. Enucleation patients were also more likely to require a blood transfusion postoperatively, but less likely to experience urinary tract infection and sepsis on both univariate and multivariate analysis adjusted for preoperative and intraoperative factors.ConclusionsAlthough laser enucleation and prostate laser ablation are both considered minimally invasive techniques, significant differences in patient selection, intraoperative factors and postoperative complications are identified in this national cohort. The present study shows that despite similar outcomes in prospective single‐center studies, prostate laser ablation and laser enucleation have distinct practice patterns in a broader national context.
Establishing priorities on the range of conditions managed by UK community practitioner nurse prescribers: A modified Delphi consensus study
Authors: Courtenay Molly , Franklin Penelope , Griffiths Matt , Hall Tracy , Macangus Julie , Myers Joan , Peniston‐Bird Fiona , Radley Kathy 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimTo provide national consensus on the range of conditions community practitioner nurse prescribers manage and for which it is considered important that they can prescribe.BackgroundAround 35,000 community practitioner nurse prescribers in the United Kingdom are able to prescribe from a limited formulary. Although prescribing is a key role for these nurses, there has been a decline in the numbers of community practitioner nurse prescribers who prescribe. It is evident that changing patterns of client and service delivery, changes the role of community nurses and the conditions they manage, however, little is known about the conditions community practitioner nurse prescribers manage.Design and methodsA modified Delphi approach comprising three on‐line surveys delivered to a national Expert Panel of 89 qualified community practitioner prescribers. Data collection took place between January–March 2017.ResultsPanelists reached a consensus, with consistent high levels of agreement reached, on nineteen conditions for which it is believed community practitioner nurse prescribers should be able to prescribe. Conditions identified by school nurses (N = 12) and health visitors (N = 7) were mainly acutely focused, whereas those identified by district nurses (N = 9) and community staff nurses (N = 6) included both long‐term and acute conditions.ConclusionGiven the high degree of consensus, this list of conditions should influence any decisions about the items community and public health nurses should be able to prescribe. The findings should also influence the education and training of these nurses.
A Q‐methodology study among caregivers of people with moderate intellectual disabilities on their clients’ health care: An example in oral health
Authors: Eijsink A. M. , Schipper G. , Vermaire J. H. 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundPeople with intellectual disabilities have less favourable outcomes in—among others—oral health variables, compared to their peers without intellectual disabilities. Before being able to develop target interventions for caregivers, all their prevailing viewpoints regarding oral hygiene need to be identified.MethodsThis Q‐methodology study—conducted among 40 caregivers of care‐dependent Institutionalized living persons with moderate intellectual disability—used by‐person factor analysis to reveal clusters of caregivers based on the way their statements were sorted.ResultsA 4‐factor solution was chosen based on both the Q‐sorting and the interviews. The four factors identified were responsible and perseverant, motivated but aware of obstacles, social minded and knowledgeable and concerned and insecure.ConclusionQ‐methodology can be used to determine the different attitudes that caregivers have regarding oral health care. Developing a tool to determine into which factor caregivers should be categorized may be the next step in tailoring oral health instruction.
The motivational implications of adolescents' school‐oriented possible identities in a social change context
Authors: Masinga Nonhlanhla C. , Dumont Kitty B. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn line with the identity‐based motivation theory (Oyserman, 2015), which postulates that the motivational implications of possible identities depend on social context, the present research argues that the interplay between accessible possible identities and motivation is also influenced by adolescents' perceptions of social change. According to social identity theory (Tajfel & Turner, 1986), perceptions of social change were conceptualized as intergroup comparison outcomes, which are assumed to influence the motivational implications of possible identities under the condition that the social change process is perceived as insecure. The results of the present study, which surveyed 631 South African adolescents, supported our assumption. For instance, Black township participants' motivational implications of their possible identities were informed by their identification with Black South Africans. However, the results with regard to white suburb and Black suburb participants were rather ambiguous. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed in detail.
Retracted: Long noncoding RNA MALAT1 enhances the docetaxel resistance of prostate cancer cells via miR‐145‐5p‐mediated regulation of AKAP12
Authors: Xue Dong , Lu Hao , Xu Han‐Yan , Zhou Cui‐Xing , He Xiao‐Zhou 
Published: April 2018

AbstractOur present work was aimed to study on the regulatory role of MALAT1/miR‐145‐5p/AKAP12 axis on docetaxel (DTX) sensitivity of prostate cancer (PCa) cells. The microarray data (GSE33455) to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs in DTX‐resistant PCa cell lines (DU‐145‐DTX and PC‐3‐DTX) was retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. QRT‐PCR analysis was performed to measure MALAT1 expression in DTX‐sensitive and DTX‐resistant tissues/cells. The human DTX‐resistant cell lines DU145‐PTX and PC3‐DTX were established as in vitro cell models, and the expression of MALAT1, miR‐145‐5p and AKAP12 was manipulated in DTX‐sensitive and DTX‐resistant cells. Cell viability was examined using MTT assay and colony formation methods. Cell apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL staining. Cell migration and invasion was determined by scratch test (wound healing) and Transwell assay, respectively. Dual‐luciferase assay was applied to analyse the target relationship between lncRNA MALAT1 and miR‐145‐5p, as well as between miR‐145‐5p and AKAP12. Tumour xenograft study was undertaken to confirm the correlation of MALAT1/miR‐145‐5p/AKAP12 axis and DTX sensitivity of PCa cells in vivo. In this study, we firstly notified that the MALAT1 expression levels were up‐regulated in clinical DTX‐resistant PCa samples. Overexpressed MALAT1 promoted cell proliferation, migration and invasion but decreased cell apoptosis rate of PCa cells in spite of DTX treatment. We identified miR‐145‐5p as a target of MALAT1. MiR‐145‐5p overexpression in PC3‐DTX led to inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion as well as reduced chemoresistance to DTX, which was attenuated by MALAT1. Moreover, we determined that AKAP12 was a target of miR‐145‐5p, which significantly induced chemoresistance of PCa cells to DTX. Besides, it was proved that MALAT1 promoted tumour cell proliferation and enhanced DTX‐chemoresistance in vivo. There was an lncRNA MALAT1/miR‐145‐5p/AKAP12 axis involved in DTX resistance of PCa cells and provided a new thought for PCa therapy.