bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The instrumental texture profile analysis revisited
Authors: Peleg Micha 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAlthough innovative at the time of their inception, all the historic and extant instrumental texture profile analysis (TPA) versions have serious methodological flaws. Their measured and calculated parameters, for example, “hardness,” “brittleness,” and “cohesiveness,” bear only a remote relationship to the same properties as understood in material science and other disciplines. The TPA parameters are supposedly objective measures of the tested food's textural attributes. But because they are all specimen size‐dependent, they cannot be considered intensive material properties. Also, because the arbitrary test conditions, notably the specimen and probe's geometries and the set deformation level significantly affect the TPA parameters' magnitudes, assigning them textural term leads to logical inconsistencies, making their relationship to the food's actual properties even more difficult to establish. It is doubtful that the instrumental TPA parameters indeed describe the same properties in different foods and sometimes even within the same food, as in ripening juicy fruits and certain soft cheeses. It is proposed that the TPA parameters currently in use be replaced by a list of mechanical and other physical properties determined by testing methods recognized by material scientists, such as “yield stress,” “strain at failure,” “stiffness,” and “toughness,” perhaps supplemented by a quantitative measure of “juiciness” and/or the acoustic signature's features, especially developed for the particular food. It is also proposed that instead of correlating such intensive material properties with sensory evaluations described by a predetermined sensory vocabulary, they should be used to study the distribution or spectrum of humans' verbal responses, expressed in their own chosen terms.
Correlation and causation between the microbiome, Wolbachia and host functional traits in natural populations of drosophilid flies
Authors: Fromont Caroline , Adair Karen L. , Douglas Angela E. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractResident microorganisms are known to influence the fitness and traits of animals under controlled laboratory conditions, but the relevance of these findings to wild animals is uncertain. This study investigated the host functional correlates of microbiota composition in a wild community of three sympatric species of mycophagous drosophilid flies, Drosophila falleni, Drosophila neotestacea and Drosophila putrida. Specifically, we quantified bacterial communities and host transcriptomes by parallel 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and RNA‐Seq of individual flies. Among‐fly variation in microbiota composition did not partition strongly by sex or species, and included multiple modules, that is, sets of bacterial taxa whose abundance varied in concert across different flies. The abundance of bacteria in several modules varied significantly with multiple host transcripts, especially in females, but the identity of the correlated host transcriptional functions differed with host species, including epithelial barrier function in D. falleni, muscle function in D. putrida, and insect growth and development in D. neotestacea. In D. neotestacea, which harbours the endosymbionts Wolbachia and Spiroplasma, Wolbachia promotes the abundance of Spiroplasma, and is positively correlated with abundance of Lactobacillales and Bacteroidales. Furthermore, most correlations between host gene expression and relative abundance of bacterial modules were co‐correlated with abundance of Wolbachia (but not Spiroplasma), indicative of an interdependence between host functional traits, microbiota composition and Wolbachia abundance in this species. These data suggest that, in these natural populations of drosophilid flies, different host species interact with microbial communities in functionally different ways that can vary with the abundance of endosymbionts.
Mobilising vitamin D from adipose tissue: The potential impact of exercise
Authors: Hengist A. , Perkin O. , Gonzalez J. T. , Betts J. A. , Hewison M. , Manolopoulos K. N. , Jones K. S. , Koulman A. , Thompson D. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractVitamin D is lipophilic and accumulates substantially in adipose tissue. Even without supplementation, the amount of vitamin D in the adipose of a typical adult is equivalent to several months of the daily reference nutrient intake (RNI). Paradoxically, despite the large amounts of vitamin D located in adipose tissue, individuals with obesity are often vitamin D deficient according to consensus measures of vitamin D status (serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentrations). Thus, it appears that vitamin D can become ‘trapped’ in adipose tissue, potentially due to insufficient lipolytic stimulation and/or due to tissue dysfunction/adaptation resulting from adipose expansion. Emerging evidence suggests that exercise may mobilise vitamin D from adipose (even in the absence of weight loss). If exercise helps to mobilise vitamin D from adipose tissue, then this could have important ramifications for practitioners and policymakers regarding the management of low circulating levels of vitamin D, as well as chronically low levels of physical activity, obesity and associated health conditions. This perspective led us to design a study to examine the impact of exercise on vitamin D status, vitamin D turnover and adipose tissue vitamin D content (the VitaDEx project). The VitaDEx project will determine whether increasing physical activity (via exercise) represents a potentially useful strategy to mobilise vitamin D from adipose tissue.
Fecal urgency is common in constipated patients and is associated with anxiety
Authors: Singh Prashant , Takazawa Eve , Rangan Vikram , Ballou Sarah , Katon Jesse , McMahon Courtney , Lee Ha‐Neul , Iturrino Johanna , Nee Judy , Lembo Anthony 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundFecal urgency is a symptom generally associated with diarrhea but is also reported by patients with constipation. Our aim was to (a) assess the prevalence and burden of fecal urgency in constipated patients (b) evaluate gastrointestinal and psychiatric predictors of moderate to severe fecal urgency in these patients.MethodsPatients presenting consecutively to a tertiary outpatient gastroenterology clinic with constipation were included. Patients were considered to have moderate to severe fecal urgency if ≥50% of bowel movements (BMs) in the past 3 months were associated with fecal urgency. Anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbance were diagnosed using a Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) t‐score of ≥60. Abdominal pain and constipation severity were also assessed using PROMIS questionnaires. Univariable and stepwise logistic regression were used to identify predictors of moderate to severe fecal urgency.Key resultsOf 139 constipated patients, 70.8% reported experiencing fecal urgency in the past 3 months and 25.8% reported being significantly bothered by it. Moderate to severe fecal urgency was reported by 27% of 139 patients. Frequency of loose stools (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1, 2.0) and presence of anxiety (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.1, 5.0) were independent predictors of moderate to severe fecal urgency.Conclusions and inferencesFecal urgency is common in patients with constipation and is frequently bothersome to many patients. We identified clinical and psychiatric factors associated with moderate to severe fecal urgency in constipated patients with potential therapeutic implications if validated in future studies.
Plant pathogenic fungi Colletotrichum and Magnaporthe share a common G1 phase monitoring strategy for proper appressorium development
Authors: Fukada Fumi , Kodama Sayo , Nishiuchi Takumi , Kajikawa Naoki , Kubo Yasuyuki 
Published: February 2019

Summary

To breach the plant cuticle, many plant pathogenic fungi differentiate specialized infection structures (appressoria). In Colletotrichum orbiculare (cucumber anthracnose fungus), this differentiation requires unique proper G1/S phase progression, regulated by two‐component GTPase activating protein CoBub2/CoBfa1 and GTPase CoTem1. Since their homologues regulate mitotic exit, cytokinesis, or septum formation from yeasts to mammals, we asked whether the BUB2 function in G1/S progression is specific to plant pathogenic fungi.

Colletotrichum higginsianum and Magnaporthe oryzae were genetically analyzed to investigate conservation of BUB2 roles in cell cycle regulation, septum formation, and virulence. Expression profile of cobub2Δ was analyzed using a custom microarray.

In bub2 mutants of both fungi, S phase initiation was earlier, and septum formation coordinated with a septation initiation network protein and contractile actin ring was impaired. Earlier G1/S transition in cobub2Δ results in especially high expression of DNA replication genes and differing regulation of virulence‐associated genes that encode proteins such as carbohydrate‐active enzymes and small secreted proteins. The virulence of chbub2Δ and mobub2Δ was significantly reduced.

Our evidence shows that BUB2 regulation of G1/S transition and septum formation supports its specific requirement for appressorium development in plant pathogenic fungi.
Cryptic diversity of small‐sized species of Phalacroma (Dinophysales, Dinophyceae) from Denmark Strait (Eastern Arctic Greenland)
Authors: Daugbjerg Niels , Hansen Stefan A. , Richardson Katherine 
Published: February 2019

SUMMARY
Phalacroma currently comprises 69 species of mostly marine heterotrophic dinophysoids. With a round cell body and short sulcal and cingular lists, Phalacroma spp. have a simple morphology compared to other dinophysoid genera. Therefore, species identification is not always a trivial matter. A few Arctic species have been described and, with the exception of Ph. rotundatum, they are not only infrequently recorded but also occur in low cell abundances. Here, we studied a Lugol fixed sample from Denmark Strait. From this sample 13 cells with a Phalacroma‐like morphology were isolated under a stereo microscope, photo documented, and used for single‐cell PCR determination of nuclear‐encoded LSU rDNA sequences. The sequences fell in three groups defined by their ribotype. A single ribotype sequence representing each group was added to an alignment containing a diverse assemblage of dinophysoids and analyzed using Bayesian analysis and maximum likelihood. Based on comparative light microscopy one of the ribotypes (ribotype 1) was similar but not identical to Ph. ruudi and ribotype 2 could not be matched to a known species of Phalacroma. In the phylogeny both clustered with other species of Phalacroma including the type species. The morphology of ribotype 3 was similar but not identical to Ph. braarudii. In the phylogeny ribotype 3 clustered outside the core group of Phalacroma species. Hence, ribotype 3 was designated ‘Phalacroma’ sp. 3 and has to be described as a new genus pending additional data. This study has revealed the existence of cryptic species diversity within the Phalacroma morphotype boundary. Two additional Phalacroma species (Ph. apicatum and Ph. cf. argus) also clustered outside Phalacroma sensu stricto further emphasizing the presence of cryptic species within the genus. Future studies with a polyphasic approach are needed to better address the taxonomy of Phalacroma and Phalacroma‐like dinophysoids.
Trait‐based approach confirms the importance of propagule limitation and assembly rules in old‐field restoration
Authors: Halassy Melinda , Botta‐Dukát Zoltán , Csecserits Anikó , Szitár Katalin , Török Katalin 
Published: February 2019

Community assembly theory is suggested as a guiding principle for ecological restoration to help understand the mechanisms that structure biological communities and identify where restoration interventions are needed. We studied three hypotheses related to propagule limitation, stress‐dominance, and limiting similarity concepts in community assembly in a restoration field experiment with a trait‐based null model approach. The experiment aimed to assist the recovery of sand grassland on former arable land in the Kiskunság, Pannonian biogeographic region, Europe. Treatments included initial seeding of five grassland species, carbon amendment, low‐intensity mowing, and combinations in 1 m by 1 m plots in three old fields from 2003 to 2008. The distribution of 10 individual plant traits was compared to the null model and the effect of time and treatments were tested with linear mixed effect models. Initial seeding had the most visible impact on species and trait composition confirming propagule limitation in grassland recovery. Reducing nutrient availability through carbon amendment strengthened trait convergence for length of flowering as expected based on the stress‐dominance hypothesis. Mowing changed trait divergence to convergence for plant height with a strengthening impact with time, supporting our hypothesis of increasing dominance of limiting similarity with time. Our results support the idea that community assembly is simultaneously influenced by propagule limitation and multiple trait‐based processes that act through different traits. The limited impact of manipulating environmental filtering and limiting similarity compared to seeding, however, supports the view that only targeting the dispersal and environmental filters in parallel would improve restoration outcome.
A larger country sets a lower optimal tariff
Authors: Naito Takumi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe develop a new optimal tariff theory that is consistent with the fact that a larger country sets a lower tariff. In our dynamic Dornbusch–Fischer–Samuelson Ricardian model, the long‐run welfare effects of a rise in a country’s tariff consist of the direct revenue, indirect revenue, and growth effects. Based on this welfare decomposition, we obtain two main results. First, the optimal tariff of a country is positive. Second, the optimal tariff of a country is likely to be decreasing in its absolute advantage parameter, implying that a larger (i.e., more technologically advanced) country sets a lower optimal tariff.
Evolution of a carbonate delta generated by gateway‐funnelling of episodic currents
Authors: Slootman Arnoud , De Boer Poppe L. , Cartigny Matthieu J. B. , Samankassou Elias , Moscariello Andrea 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCool‐water carbonate sedimentation has dominated Mediterranean shelves since the Early Pliocene. Skeletal sand and gravel herein consist of remains of heterozoan organisms, which are susceptible to reworking due to weak early cementation in non‐tropical waters. This study documents the Lower Pleistocene carbonate wedge of Favignana Island (Italy), which prograded from a 5 km wide passage between two palaeo‐islands into a perpendicular, 10 to 15 km wide strait between the palaeo‐islands at one side and Sicily at the other during the Emilian highstand (1·6 Ma to 1·1 Ma). The clinoformed carbonate wedge, which is 50 m thick and 6 km long, formed by east/south‐east progradation of a platform on the submarine sill by currents that were funnelled between the two palaeo‐islands. Platform‐slope clinoforms evolved from initial aggradation (thin and low‐angle) into a progradation phase (thick and high‐angle). Both clinoform types are characterized by a bimodal facies stacking pattern defined by sedimentary structures created by: (i) subaqueous dunes associated with dilute subcritical currents; and (ii) upper‐flow‐regime bedforms associated with sediment‐laden supercritical turbidity currents. Focusing of episodic currents on the platform by funnelling between the islands controlled the downstream formation of a sediment body, here named carbonate delta. The carbonate delta interfingers with subaqueous dune deposits formed in the perpendicular strait. This study uses a reconstruction of bedform dynamics to unravel the evolution of this gateway‐related carbonate accumulation.
Effects of Brief Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia on Improving Depression Among Community‐Dwelling Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Comparative Study
Authors: Tanaka Mika , Kusaga Mari , Nyamathi Adey M , Tanaka Katsutoshi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundCognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT‐I) has been shown to improve depressive symptoms in older adults with comorbid insomnia and depression. However, it remains unclear whether brief CBT‐I is effective for improving depressive symptoms in community‐dwelling older adults with insomnia symptoms of varying severity.AimThis study sought to examine the effectiveness of a brief CBT‐I intervention delivered by public health nurses to improve depressive symptoms among older adults recruited from a community setting.MethodsThis randomized controlled study compared sleep status and depression at baseline and a 3‐month follow‐up using a wait‐list control design. Depression was evaluated using the Geriatric Depression Scale short form (GDS‐SF).ResultsThe GDS‐SF scores in the CBT‐I group improved over time (p < .01), with an effect size (Cohen's d) of 0.34 (95% CI [0.16, 0.58]). The results demonstrated the effectiveness of a brief CBT‐I intervention for depression, although the effect size was small.Linking Evidence to ActionA brief CBT‐I intervention consisting of sleep hygiene education, stimulus control, sleep restriction, cognitive restructuring, and relaxation is effective for improving depressive symptoms among older adults in the community.
Reseña del libro Narrativas de profesores: reflexiones en torno al desarrollo personal y profesional
Authors: Hernández-Prados María Ángeles 
Published: February 2019

Reseña basada en el libro de Pedro Reis & Nuria Climent (2012). Narrativas de profesores: reflexiones en torno al desarrollo personal y profesional. Sevilla, Universidad Internacional de Andalucía, UNIA. 208 páginas. ISBN: 978-84-7993-235-0
Antibiotic susceptibility ofPropionibacterium acnesisolated from patients with acne in a public hospital in Southwest China: prospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhu Tingting , Zhu Wenyi , Wang Qisa , He Li , Wu Wenjuan , Liu Jinju , Li Yan , Sun Dongjie 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveAntibiotics have been routinely used for several decades againstPropionibacterium acnes(P. acnes), but antibiotic resistance ofP. acnesis becoming a global problem. Only one related Chinese study is available. The aim of this study was to assess the antibiotic susceptibility ofP. acnesobtained from patients with acne in Southwest China.DesignThis was a prospective cross-sectional study. Cutaneous samples were obtained from acne lesions on the face of 375 patients. Samples were cultured in anaerobic medium to identify the presence ofP. acnes. Susceptibility tests of isolatedP. acneswere performed for tetracycline, doxycycline, clindamycin, erythromycin, azithromycin and clarithromycin using the Epsilometer test.ResultsP. acneswas isolated from 227 patients; 224 isolates (98.7%) were susceptible to doxycycline and 220 (96.9%) were susceptible to tetracycline, followed by clindamycin and clarithromycin in 101 (44.5%) and 102 (44.93%) isolates, respectively. Susceptibility ofP. acneswas detected for erythromycin in 96 (42.3%) patients, followed by azithromycin in 94 (41.4%). Subjects who received antibiotics (topical and oral) had higher frequencies of antibiotic-resistantP. acnesas well as increased antibiotic minimum inhibitory concentrations compared with patients without antibiotic treatment.ConclusionsP. acneswas highly sensitive to cyclines (doxycycline and tetracycline).P. acnesshowed higher resistance rates to macrolides–lincosamides–streptogramins antibiotics (such as erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin and clindamycin). The irrational use of antibiotics for acne treatment is probably a problem in China and elsewhere. These results suggest that dermatologists should be more prudent in prescribing antibiotics for acne.
HORYZONS trial: protocol for a randomised controlled trial of a moderated online social therapy to maintain treatment effects from first-episode psychosis services
Authors: Alvarez-Jimenez Mario , Bendall Sarah , Koval Peter , Rice Simon , Cagliarini Daniela , Valentine Lee , D’Alfonso Simon , Miles Christopher , Russon Penni , Penn David L , Phillips Jess , Lederman Reeva , Wadley Greg , Killackey Eoin , Santesteban-Echarri Olga , Mihalopoulos Cathrine , Herrman Helen , Gonzalez-Blanch Cesar , Gilbertson Tamsyn , Lal Shalini , Chambers Richard , Daglas-Georgiou Rothanthi , Latorre Cristina , Cotton Sue M , McGorry Patrick D , Gleeson John F 
Published: February 2019

IntroductionSpecialised early intervention services have demonstrated improved outcomes in first-episode psychosis (FEP); however, clinical gains may not be sustained after patients are transferred to regular care. Moreover, many patients with FEP remain socially isolated with poor functional outcomes. To address this, our multidisciplinary team has developed a moderated online social media therapy (HORYZONS) designed to enhance social functioning and maintain clinical gains from specialist FEP services. HORYZONS merges: (1) peer-to-peer social networking; (2) tailored therapeutic interventions; (3) expert and peer-moderation; and (4) new models of psychological therapy (strengths and mindfulness-based interventions) targeting social functioning. The aim of this trial is to determine whether following 2 years of specialised support and 18-month online social media-based intervention (HORYZONS) is superior to 18 months of regular care.Methods and analysisThis study is a single-blind randomised controlled trial. The treatment conditions include HORYZONS plus treatment as usual (TAU) or TAU alone. We recruited 170 young people with FEP, aged 16–27 years, in clinical remission and nearing discharge from Early Psychosis Prevention and Intervention Centre, Melbourne. The study includes four assessment time points, namely, baseline, 6-month, 12-month and 18-month follow-up. The study is due for completion in July 2018 and included a 40-month recruitment period and an 18-month treatment phase. The primary outcome is social functioning at 18 months. Secondary outcome measures include rate of hospital admissions, cost-effectiveness, vocational status, depression, social support, loneliness, self-esteem, self-efficacy, anxiety, psychological well-being, satisfaction with life, quality of life, positive and negative psychotic symptoms and substance use. Social functioning will be also assessed in real time through our Smartphone Ecological Momentary Assessment tool.Ethics and disseminationMelbourne Health Human Research Ethics Committee (2013.146) provided ethics approval for this study. Findings will be made available through scientific journals and forums and to the public via social media and the Orygen website.Trial registration numberACTRN12614000009617; Pre-results.