bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biosynthetic approach to combine the first steps of cardenolide formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Rieck Christoph , Geiger Daniel , Munkert Jennifer , Messerschmidt Katrin , Petersen Jan , Strasser Juliane , Meitinger Nadine , Kreis Wolfgang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA yeast expression plasmid was constructed containing a cardenolide biosynthetic module, referred to as CARD II, using the AssemblX toolkit, which enables the assembly of large DNA constructs. The genes cloned into the vector were (a) a Δ5‐3β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase gene from Digitalis lanata, (b) a steroid Δ5‐isomerase gene from Comamonas testosteronii, (c) a mutated steroid‐5β‐reductase gene from Arabidopsis thaliana, and (d) a steroid 21‐hydroxylase gene from Mus musculus. A second plasmid bearing an ADR/ADX fusion gene from Bos taurus was also constructed. A Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain bearing these two plasmids was generated. This strain, termed “CARD II yeast”, was capable of producing 5β‐pregnane‐3β,21‐diol‐20‐one, a central intermediate in 5β‐cardenolide biosynthesis, starting from pregnenolone which was added to the culture medium. Using this approach, five consecutive steps in cardenolide biosynthesis were realized in baker's yeast.
Efficient broadband linear polarization conversion metasurface based on %‐shape
Authors: Long Fei , Yu Shixing , Kou Na , Zhang Can , Ding Zhao , Zhang Zhengping 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this work, a high‐efficiency polarization conversion metasurface (MTS) is introduced, which has the ability to convert a linear polarization state to its orthogonal one. The proposed MTS of the unit cell is composed of cut‐rod and two unequal disks (like %‐shape), which can achieve cross‐polarized waves for both x‐ and y‐polarized normal incident waves. The electric and magnetic responses of this structure generate three plasmon resonances, which lead to the bandwidth extension of polarization rotation. The numerical simulations use the finite element method. It has been demonstrated that the polarization conversion ratio (PCR) is more than 0.95 from 8.85 GHz to 18.85 GHz. The maximum PCR is even nearly 1 at the three plasmon resonance frequencies. A prototype with an overall size of 9.13λ0 × 9.13λ0 × 0.11λ0 (where λ0 is the free‐space wavelength at the center frequency of the operating bandwidth) has been fabricated and measured. The experimental results agree well with the numerical ones, and validate broadband cross‐polarization reflections' performance of the proposed structure.
Technical Note: Characterization of x‐ray beam profiles for a fluoroscopic system incorporating copper filtration
Authors: Wunderle Kevin A. , Godley Andrew R. , Shen Zhilei Liu , Dong Frank F. 
Published: August 2019

PurposeThe goal of this study was to investigate x‐ray beam profiles at various water depths to characterize the two‐dimensional x‐ray dose distribution, allowing for off‐axis and out‐of‐field radiation dose estimation for a wide range of x‐ray beam spectra commonly encountered in fluoroscopically guided interventional procedures.MethodsA Siemens Artis interventional fluoroscope was operated in a service mode to generate a continuous x‐ray beam at fixed x‐ray beam spectra, defined by their kVp and the thickness of additional copper filtration. A PTW scanning water tank with a diode detector was used to measure the x‐ray beam profiles at several depths in water at various fields of view and x‐ray beam spectra, both parallel and perpendicular to the anode‐cathode axis direction.ResultsX‐ray beam profiles, including out‐of‐field tails, were characterized for a wide range of beam qualities. The anode heel effect was pronounced even at depth, resulting in large dose variations across the x‐ray field; this effect was even more definite at large fields of view, at higher kVps, and in the absence of additional copper filtration.ConclusionsThis study investigated and characterized 2D radiation dose deposition in water from x‐ray beam spectra commonly used by modern fluoroscopes in interventional procedures. This knowledge can be applied to manual dosimetry calculations or can be used to refine the accuracy of automated dose mapping tools or Monte Carlo simulations of the radiation dose to soft tissue within the x‐ray field and to tissue adjacent to the primary beam. Additionally, this study illustrates a substantial reduction of the anode heel effect by using moderate amounts of additional copper filtration to harden the x‐ray beam spectrum.
The current status of nurses–doctors collaboration in clinical decision and its outcome in Tanzania
Authors: Mboineki Joanes Faustine , Chen Changying , Gerald Dolla Deo , Boateng Cecilia Amponsem 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to establish the current level of collaboration between nurses and medical doctors (MDs) in the making of clinical decisions.DesignDescriptive qualitative design was applied in this study.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted to collect qualitative data. Contents were arranged according to their similarities, whereas content analysis was used to identify explanatory themes.ResultsNurses feel disrespected when medical doctors (MDs) ignore their opinions. The impression of lower level of education of nurses is seen as a cause to their opinions been ignored by the medical doctors. Nurses sometimes adhere to the instructions of MDs, but on other times, they carry on with their own proposed treatment.Implications for nursing practicesInvolvement of nurses in clinical decisions will enable nurses to effectively advocate for patients.
Evaluation of sustainable happiness with Sustainable Development Goals: Structural equation model approach
Authors: Aksoy Fadime , Bayram Arlı Nuran 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe concept of sustainable development has become the focal point of modern debates. The purpose of sustainable development is to improve the quality of life of people of the world. It could only be possible to talk about sustainable welfare and happiness for all when and if we achieve sustainable development. In 2015, the United Nations developed the Sustainable Development Goals. In order to ensure the welfare and happiness of countries in the future, it is argued that these objectives should be achieved. In this study, it has been investigated whether the dimensions of sustainable development are effective in explaining the sustainable happiness that provides welfare and life satisfaction. For example, does economic freedom also lead to higher levels of happiness? Do environmental impacts have a direct impact on happiness beyond the effects on human health? Can social sustainability bring satisfaction to happiness in society? In this context, three dimensions of sustainable development were analyzed with respect to sustainable happiness by using the structural equation model. According to the analysis results, it was found that the environmental dimension of sustainable development has a positive correlation with sustainable happiness. Furthermore, another finding was that improvements in social sustainability have a positive effect on sustainable happiness. On the other hand, there were no statistically significant correlations between the economic dimension and sustainable happiness. The results support previous work and emphasize that sustainable development should be taken into account clearly to ensure sustainable happiness.
Mathematics as a factor in community college STEM performance, persistence, and degree attainment
Authors: Cohen Richard , Kelly Angela M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCommunity colleges serve a vital role in the education of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) majors in the United States, however, most research to date on STEM pipeline persistence from academia to the workforce has focused on four‐year colleges, which limits understanding of the potential of two‐year pathways in diversifying STEM participation. One chronic issue is the vertical alignment of community college STEM education with workforce demands and advancement to baccalaureate institutions. This research builds upon prior work by exploring the initial mathematics enrollment and performance of STEM majors, and how this relates to demographic and socioeconomic variables and the likelihood of degree change from STEM to non‐STEM disciplines, graduation and transfer rates, attrition from college, science performance, and credit production. This explanatory observational study employed multiple regression techniques to examine transcript data from four cohorts of community college STEM majors (n = 1,511) over 3 years of enrollment in an institution in the Northeast U.S. Results indicated that students who first enrolled in remedial mathematics courses experienced a higher likelihood of changing to non‐STEM majors, greater attrition, lower credit production, weaker science performance, and lower rates of graduation and transfer to four‐year colleges. Students who completed developmental mathematics courses failed algebra and trigonometry at a rate of 68%, indicating remediation coursework did not prepare most students for the mathematics required for science degrees. Students who qualified for advanced mathematics as their entry level course outperformed students who first took lower level classes. Demographic variables and socioeconomic status had limited predictive value for STEM‐related outcomes. Results suggest that community college STEM majors may benefit from reconceptualized developmental curricula focused on essential skills for success in advanced mathematics and science, as well as clarity on transferable coursework and structured pathways to reach the milestones required for STEM degrees and careers.
The small, the big, and the beautiful: Emerging challenges and opportunities for waste stabilization ponds in Australia
Authors: Coggins Liah X. , Crosbie Nicholas D. , Ghadouani Anas 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWaste stabilization ponds (WSPs) are used extensively for the treatment of wastewater in Australia, mostly in regional and remote areas. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) using pond technologies are also distributed over the full geographical extent of Australia, encompassing many climatic zones. Predominantly used to service small to medium‐sized communities, WSPs are also used to service large metropolitan Australian populations, up to 2.5 million people. When well‐maintained, WSPs are a sustainable and resilient treatment option, and treatment is achieved at significantly lower cost when compared with conventional WWTPs. Increasing population, changing regulations, and climate variability are placing increasing pressure on Australian WSP systems. Sludge accumulation over time presents a significant challenge to pond maintenance, along with increasing occurrence of toxic cyanobacterial bloom events. These challenges are only enhanced by the wide geographical distribution and by increasing operational and maintenance costs. Increased demand for recycled water is placing further pressure on Australian WSP systems, as higher value treated water is expected from WSP infrastructure that is often overloaded or under‐designed. This increased demand for high‐quality treatment presents an opportunity for operators and researchers to develop a better understanding of the coupling between hydraulics and microbial ecology of these systems. With more stringent guidelines for greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs), a better understanding of biophysicochemical processes in WSPs will lead to better estimates of GHG fluxes and variability. This information will become critical for the future planning, maintenance and operation of WSPs, and will result in a better understanding of WSP systems overall.This article is categorized under:Engineering Water > Water, Health, and SanitationEngineering Water > Sustainable Engineering of Water
Innovative elastoplastic J2‐flow model incorporating cyclic and non‐cyclic failure effects of metals as inherent constitutive features
Authors: Zhan Lin , Wang Si‐Yu , Xi Hui‐Feng , Xiao Heng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA new finite strain elastoplastic J2‐flow model is proposed toward directly simulating cyclic and non‐cyclic failure effects of metals. The main novelties of this model are as follows:

The usual notion of yielding is rendered irrelevant in a more realistic sense of representing elastoplastic behaviors of metals up to failure;
The thermodynamic consistency requirement from the second law may be identically fulfilled;
Failure effects under cyclic and non‐cyclic conditions may be automatically incorporated as inherent constitutive features, with involving neither additional variables nor ad hoc failure criteria;
Hardening‐to‐softening effects of metals up to failure may be effectively characterized in a unified manner.
Simulation results are provided and compared with experimental data for monotonic and cyclic failure effects for both uniaxial and torsional deformation modes. In particular, both the Swift effects and the failure effects of twisted metal tubes are simultaneously simulated for four cases of finite torsion, including free‐end and fixed‐end torsion under monotonic and cyclic loadings, and accurate agreement with finite strain data for both torsional modes is accomplished for the first time.
Introduction
Authors: Hammel Tanja 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Introduction shows that the book is not a conventional biography on Mary Elizabeth Barber. It is a critical examination of the knowledge the British-born settler scientist produced from the 1840s to the 1880s and the insights we gain into knowledge production in a settler colony. This chapter is an overview of the research fields: the social history of knowledge and science and white women in the historiography of science in a (settler) colonial context. Hammel takes what she calls a ‘relational’ approach and cross-contextualises Barber with analogous, parallel and contrary cases. Barber is thus seen within a broader context, and new insights are offered about what enabled or halted her knowledge production. The book is by no means a simple celebration of a hitherto marginalised historical actor; rather, Barber is used to debunk existing biases.
African Farmers and Medicinal Plant Experts
Authors: Hammel Tanja 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis chapter reflects the difficulty of obtaining information on African experts and their knowledge production. The discussion focuses on photographs/illustrations, carefully assessing their unwieldy dimensions which convey more than their producer could control. Such sources offer insights into how tacit African knowledge (agriculture, nutrition, medicine) was crucial for the survival of settlers/colonisers. The Bowker/Barber family at first relied on their Mfengu, Xhosa and Khoekhoe neighbours, imitating their agricultural and husbandry practices. Moreover, settler families learned about the nutritional, medicinal and veterinarian potentials of plants and were heavily dependent on African wagon drivers. Through the course of time, such aspects of emulation and collaboration would give way to much more rigid divisions. Insights are also provided into how knowledge was shared or co-produced and the limitations involved.
African Naturalists, Collectors and Taxidermists
Authors: Hammel Tanja 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis chapter deals with Africans’ scientific work, exploring their roles in the collection and compilation of knowledge on flora and fauna. It demonstrates that European experts in the second half of the nineteenth century did not become less dependent on their African counterparts. Men and women scientists related differently to their African collaborators: For women, it was impossible to display proximity in the manner their men counterparts did, thus silencing Africans’ contributions to their own scientific work even more. The final parts of the chapter are more closely tied to Barber and the ways in which African experts’ knowledge and practices (e.g. taxidermy) influenced her work. European scientists did not silence their African fellow experts altogether, but their relation was hierarchical and exploitative.
HSS@Home, Physical Therapist-Led Telehealth Care Navigation for Arthroplasty Patients: A Retrospective Case Series
Authors: Fisher Charles , Biehl Elizabeth , Titmuss Matthew P. , Schwartz Rachelle , Gantha Chandra Sekhar 
Published: August 2019

Background As the rate of total joint arthroplasties performed in the USA continues to increase, so does the push for more value-based care. Bundled payments have encouraged organizations to be creative in limiting care overuse. Telehealth is one option for caring for arthroplasty patients post-surgery while limiting costs and improving communication with the surgical team. Questions/Purposes We sought to determine the effects of the implementation of HSS@Home, a telehealth rehabilitation program that uses patients’ existing technology, in patients after they had undergone total knee or total hip arthroplasty. Methods In this retrospective case series, of 32 patients referred, 19 patients (nine men and ten women; average age, 69 years) were enrolled in HSS@Home after undergoing a pre- and post-operative screening process. Telehealth video visits were conducted, wherein a physical therapy navigator assisted patients in following exercise and mobility programs, addressing patients’ concerns while transitioning to outpatient therapy. Patients were seen within 24 h of hospital discharge, 3 times a week for 3 weeks, for an average of 11 sessions. Episodes of care were recorded in the patient's electronic medical record. Results There were no readmissions among the 19 patients. Nurse practitioners were consulted for all patients, predominantly for non-emergent reasons. Feedback from patients and physicians was positive, and no overutilization of care was found. Conclusion HSS@Home was a promising alternative to live, in-home physical therapy that was effective in monitoring this series of patients after hip or knee arthroplasty. This preliminary data sets the stage for further research into the use of telehealth technology to provide rehabilitative care to arthroplasty patients.
Attrition among New Zealand medical students completing research degrees: A&nbsp;20-year analysis
Authors: Alamri Yassar , Wilkinson Tim J. 
Published: August 2019

Introduction Not all medical students who intercalate research degrees go on to completion. No study to date has investigated the specific reasons. Understanding this minority would fill an important research gap.
Methods A list was obtained of intercalating medical students who enrolled at our institution between 1995 and 2014. Students who withdrew from an intercalated research degree were then invited to complete an online survey via email.
Results Over the study period, 178 medical students commenced an intercalated honours or PhD degree with their medical degree, and 13 students withdrew from that program, giving an overall attrition rate of 7.3%. Students who withdrew from the intercalated degree were also more likely to withdraw from their medical degree (40%); this is compared with 3.6% of students who completed the intercalated degree, but eventually withdrew from their medical degree.
Discussion Demographics of this cohort were not dissimilar to those of completing students. Although withdrawing students had a higher exit rate from the medical degree, the rate of research involvement remained similar pre- and post-intercalation. The most commonly cited reasons for withdrawal were decreased satisfaction with research, and conflict with supervisors.
Factors Influencing Couples’ Sexuality in the Puerperium: A Systematic Review
Authors: Serrano Drozdowskyj Elena , Gimeno Castro Esther , Trigo López Elena , Bárcenas Taland Inés , Chiclana Actis Carlos 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe puerperium is a period of adaptation in which various transformations take place in the lives of women and men on their way to becoming mothers and fathers. These changes can also have repercussions on their sexual relations. How the couple deals with this transition is crucial to the well-being of the couple and affects how parents relate to the baby.AimThis study aimed to explore the factors that influence sexuality in both women and men during postpartum.MethodsWe conducted a bibliographic review of 236 articles found on the PubMed database and published from 2008 to January 2019.Main Outcome MeasureThe main outcome measure was the impact of various physical, psychological, and sociocultural factors on couples’ sexual functioning during postpartum.ResultsThe main problems that couples face after childbirth can be classified as (i) psychological changes, such as loss of a sense of self, transitioning to parenthood, taking on the new roles of mother and father, and feelings of abandonment among men; (ii) body changes in women that affect their self-image and perineal trauma; (iii) hormonal changes in women and men that can lead to reduced sexual desire in both and vaginal dryness or dyspareunia in women; (iv) changes in the marital relationship, including changes in each other’s roles, taking time for intimacy, and initiating sexual intercourse; (v) sociocultural influences, such as social support, culturally expected roles, and beliefs regarding when to resume sex; and (vi) lifestyle changes, especially with regard to baby care.ConclusionSexuality during postpartum is influenced by multiple factors: physical, psychological, and sociocultural. Our findings offer a deeper understanding of how the transition to parenthood affects sexual relationships during the postpartum period. Implications regarding caring for and promoting the sexual health of individuals and couples after childbirth are discussed, and some medical recommendations for parents are offered.
#HerskovitsMustFall? A Meditation on Whiteness, African Studies, and the Unfinished Business of 1968
Authors: Allman Jean M. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract:Why is African Studies in North America dominated by white scholars? In this reflection piece, the 2018 president of the African Studies Association revisits the organization’s sixty-year history, exposing the processes by which white privilege was hardwired into African Studies at the organization’s founding in 1957 and then secured first by the displacement of the much older tradition of African American scholarship on Africa and second by the “recolonization American-style” of knowledge production on the continent in the postcolonial era.
Where are the silences? A scoping review of child participatory research literature in the context of the Australian service system
Authors: Grace Rebekah , Knight Jenny , Baird Kelly , Ng Jonathan , Shier Harry , Wise Sarah , Fattore Tobia , McClean Tom , Bonser Gill , Judd-Lam Sarah , Kemp Lynn 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a scoping review of the literature on child participatory research in Australia published in academic journals between 2000 and 2018. The review focused on research designed to engage with children and young people in the development, implementation and evaluation of services. A total of 207 papers were identified and distributed across eight service sectors: child protection and family law, community, disability, education, health, housing and homelessness, juvenile justice and mental health. The papers were reviewed against Shier’s participation matrix, demonstrating that almost all of the identified papers included children only as participants who contributed data to adult researchers. Only a small number of papers involved children and young people in the other phases of research, such as designing research questions, analysis and dissemination. There is a clear interest in the engagement of children and young people in service design and decision-making in Australia. This paper is intended to serve as a catalyst for discussion on where there are gaps and where further Australian research is needed.