bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Комуністичний Голодомор 1932-1933 років у болгарських поселеннях Північного Приазов’я
Authors: Hudz Viktor , Krasko Natalia 
Published: November 2024

Метою статті є дослідження проблеми загальних причин і регіонально-національної специфіки перебігу та наслідків Голодомору у болгарських селах Північного Приазов’я.
Наукова новизна роботи полягає у з’ясуванні особливостей продовольчої політики більшовиків і перебігу Голодомору у болгарських селах Приазов’я, у першій спробі підрахунку демографічних втрат таврійських болгар і кількості «чорнодошкових» артілей.
Висновки. У статті досліджена проблема обставин і наслідків Голодомору 1932-1933 років у болгарських селах Північного Приазов’я (Україна). Встановлено, що дослідники неодноразово зверталися до вивчення болгарського сегменту всеукраїнської трагедії Голодомору, але здебільшого відзначали «інтернаціональний» характер комуністичного народовбивства. Тобто Голодомор мав характер геноциду української політичної нації, частиною якої були болгари й інші етноси, які проживали в огородженій військовими спецчастинами своєрідній резервації.
Наголошено, що Голодомор був спрямований як превентивний «нищівний удар» по українському сепаратизму, соціальною базою якого було селянство. Підтверджено, що голод у болгарських селах був спричинений вилученням продовольства, натуральними штрафами, несплатою за трудодні, блокадою «чорнодошкових сіл».
З’ясовано, що на «чорні дошки» було занесене кожне шосте-сьоме болгарське село, що означало позбавлення засобів існування людей. Підраховано, що показники смертності від голоду болгар були одними з найвищих як у тогочасній Дніпропетровській області, куди входив Коларівський національний район, так і загалом по республіці, та складали до третини місцевої людності – близько 20 тис. осіб.
Підтверджено, що масштаби Голодомору та репресій болгар у 1932-1933 рр. були не менші ніж у навколишніх українських, грецьких та інших селах. Відзначено, що Голодомор і репресії болгар 1937-1939 рр. підірвали генофонд і культурні традиції таврійських болгар, спричинивши антропогенну катастрофу з пролонгованими наслідками.
Стверджується, що проблема Голодомору й інших форм комуністичного геноциду болгар Північного Приазов’я залишається актуальною як складова національної пам’яті та історичний урок для сучасного покоління і потребує подальших наукових студій.
Людський вимір трагедії Голокосту в Запоріжжі (1941-1942)
Authors: Savchuk Tetiana 
Published: November 2024

Метою статті є висвітлення повсякденного життя євреїв під час нацистської окупації в Запоріжжі та особливостей вбивства запорізької єврейської громади у 1941-1942 рр.
Наукова новизна. Вперше предметом дослідження став людський вимір трагедії Голокосту в місті Запоріжжі у контексті історії Шоа в Україні. На основі аналізу відеоінтерв’ю жертв і свідків Голокосту Інституту візуальної історії та освіти фонду Шоа Університету Південної Каліфорнії розглянуто стратегії виживання й індивідуальний супротив євреїв, показано роль місцевого населення у порятунку та загибелі запорізьких євреїв. У статті уточнено нижню хронологічну межу реалізації Голокосту в Запоріжжі.
Висновки. Євреї Запоріжжя, на відміну від єврейського населення західноукраїнських міст, здебільшого змогли виїхати з міста. Вибір 8-17% євреїв залишитися у місті визначили фактори, які зупинили як євреїв Запоріжжя, так й інших міст: фінансові труднощі, особливості родинного стану євреїв, позитивна пам’ять про німців з часів Першої світової війни. У запоріжців були ще свої сподівання на те, що німці не подолають Дніпро. Окрім того, у промисловому Запоріжжі євреї-робітники трималися до останнього за своє робоче місце. Організація евакуації керівництвом заводів не гарантувала збереження життя.
Дослідження дозволило встановити, що Голокост у Запоріжжі розпочався не в листопаді, а в серпні 1941 р. – зразу ж із вступом німців на територію правобережної частини міста. У Запоріжжі німці повторювали свої попередні смертельні практики, які перетворили щоденне життя євреїв на боротьбу за виживання. Масова страта євреїв у Запоріжжі була проведена пізніше ніж в інших містах півдня України. На відмінну від більшості міст, у Запоріжжі час переходу влади до масової страти не обмежився місяцем або двома місяцями від моменту окупації міста. Цей час дав можливість євреям будувати стратегії свого виживання. Реконструкція життєвих історій демонструє, що євреї намагалися у різний спосіб чинити супротив геноциду.
Діяльність окремих представників місцевого населення в окупаційних органах влади була частиною забезпечення геноцидної політики. Однак у той же час кожен єврей, який залишився живим, завдячує допомозі «сусідів». Голокост у Запоріжжі засвідчив умовність ролей, які виконували люди під час Шоа, коли межі між категоріями «злочинець» – «спостерігач» – «рятівник» були досить крихкими.
Rape as a Form of Sexual Violence During the Holocaust (Evidence From General District Volyn-Podillia)
Authors: Mykhalchuk Roman 
Published: November 2024

The purpose of the paper is to uncover rape as the most criminal form of sexual violence directed at Jewish women during the Holocaust (in the example of the General District Volyn-Podillia).
The scientific novelty of the paper is in the fact that rape as sexual violence directed at Jewish women during the Holocaust in a single territory (Volyn and Podillia) has been singled out and analyzed for the first time in a separate study.
The research methodology is based on the principles of scientism, historicism, objectivity, problematic-historical, and searching methods, as well as methods of analysis and systematization. The oral history method has become important in the study.
Conclusions. Rape, in the context of sexual violence, was a common practice during the Holocaust. Such crimes were committed by German soldiers, the Gestapo and other occupiers, their minions – collaborators, the Ukrainian police, as well as civilians, neighbors, rescuers, and ‘ordinary men’. Despite the prohibition of sexual relations between Germans and Jewish women, that rule was not enforced either in Germany or in the territories it occupied. The waves of sexual violence in the analyzed territories of Volyn and Podillia could be considered the initial period of the occupation, staying in the ghetto, and ‘Final Solution to the Jewish Question’, as well as the period of hiding. The conclusions of the study show that the committed sexual crimes depended more on mercantile reasons, satisfying the sexual needs of the rapists than on their ideological/anti-Semite or political preferences.
Enforcers of the Ukrainian police during their service in the civil administration of the Reichskommissariat Ukraine, who, by virtue of their official duties, were most often in contact with Jews and had the opportunity to commit violence against them, were widely involved in the crimes committed. Gang rapes were frequent, indicating the impact of brutalization and violence during the war, and the perpetrators’ belief that they would not be punished. Sometimes after rape, women were tried to be killed in order to conceal the traces of the crimes.
Jewish women had a ghost of a chance of defending themselves. They succeeded only in some cases. Sexual violence affected not only women and girls but also men, for whom it was an act of humiliation, a manifestation of their inability to protect women.
Funding. This project has received funding through the EURIZON project, which is funded by the European Union under grant agreement No. 871072. Also, this study was carried out thanks to access to sources from the collection of ‘Visual History and Education’ of the Shoah Foundation (University of Southern California, USA) and oral testimonies of Yahad-In unum (Paris, France).
Individualized muscle architecture and contractile properties of ankle plantarflexors and dorsiflexors in post-stroke individuals
Authors: Wang Ruoli , Zhang Longbin , Jalo Hoor , Tarassova Olga , Pennati Gaia Valentina , Arndt Anton 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveThis study was to investigate alterations in contractile properties of the ankle plantar- and dorsiflexors in post-stroke individuals. The correlation between muscle architecture parameters and contractile properties was also evaluated.MethodsEight post-stroke individuals and eight age-matched healthy subjects participated in the study. Participants were instructed to perform maximal isometric contraction (MVC) of ankle plantar- and dorsiflexors at four ankle angles, and isokinetic concentric contraction at two angular velocities. B-mode ultrasound images of gastrocnemius medialis (GM) and tibialis anterior (TA) were collected simultaneously during the MVC and isokinetic measurements. Individualized torque-angle and torque-angular velocity relations were established by fitting the experimental data using a second-order polynomial and a rectangular hyperbola function, respectively. Muscle structure parameters, such as fascicle length, muscle thickness and pennation angle of the GM and TA muscles were quantified.ResultsPost-stroke subjects had significantly smaller ankle plantarflexor and dorsiflexor torques. The muscle structure parameters also showed a significant change in the stroke group, but no significant difference was observed in the TA muscle. A narrowed parabolic shape of the ankle PF torque-fiber length profile with a lower width span was also found in the stroke group.ConclusionThis study showed that the contractile properties and architecture of ankle muscles in post-stroke individuals undergo considerable changes that may directly contribute to muscle weakness, decreased range of motion, and impaired motion function in individuals after stroke.
The causal relationship between the human gut microbiota and pyogenic arthritis: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Bai Boliang , Luo Longfei , Yao Feng , Sun Qian , Chen Xingguang , Zheng Wen , Jiang Lang , Wang Xiaodong , Su Guanghao 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundRecent studies have indicated the role of the gut microbiota in the progression of osteoarticular diseases, however, the causal relationship between the gut microbiota and pyogenic arthritis remains unclear. There is also a lack of theoretical basis for the application of the gut microbiota in the treatment of pyogenic arthritis.MethodsIn our study, we utilized the largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) data from the MiBioGen Consortium involving 13,400 participants and extracted summary statistical data of the microbiota metabolic pathways of 7,738 participants of European descent from the Dutch Microbiome Project (DMP) The data of pyogenic arthritis were derived from the FinnGen R10 database, including 1,086 patients and 147,221 controls. We employed the two-sample Mendelian randomization approach to investigate the causal association between the gut microbiota and pyogenic arthritis. Our methods comprised inverse variance weighting, Mendelian Randomization Egger regression, weighted median, and weighted modal methods. Subsequently, polygenic and heterogeneity analyses were conducted.ResultsAt the class level, β-proteobacteria is positively correlated with the risk of pyogenic arthritis. At the order level, Burkholderia is positively associated with the disease. At the genus level, the unclassified genus of Sutterellaceae is positively correlated with the disease, while the unnamed genus of Lachnospiraceae, Rothia, and the unnamed genus of Erysipelotrichaceae are negatively correlated with the disease. In addition, Faecalibacterium and Finegoldia are also negatively correlated with the disease. Sensitivity analysis did not show any abnormal evidence.ConclusionThis study indicates that β-proteobacteria, Burkholderiales, and the unclassified genus of Sutterellaceae are associated with an increased risk of the disease, while the unnamed genus of Lachnospiraceae, Rothia, the unnamed genus of Erysipelotrichaceae, Faecalibacterium, and Finegoldia are related to a reduced risk. Future studies are needed to elucidate the specific mechanisms by which these specific bacterial groups affect pyogenic arthritis.
The parathyroid glands identification of carbon nanoparticles via preoperative injection in reoperation of recurrent benign multinodular goiter
Authors: Wang Yonghui , Li Quancai , Fan Mingxiu , Ming Kunxiu 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionBenign multinodular goiter (BMNG) can grow very large and cause compression symptoms, making the operation procedure difficult. However, the recurrence rate of BMNG ranges from 3% to 43%. Reoperative thyroid surgery for BMNG is uncommon and can result in a high rate of complications, including hypoparathyroidism and recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy. Carbon nanoparticles (CNs) have been widely used as a protective agent for the parathyroid gland and as a tracer agent in central lymph node dissection. However, the protection effect of CNs in redoing BMNG has not been well illustrated. This study investigates whether CNs could protect parathyroid glands (PGs) during reoperation for patients with BMNG.MethodsBMNG patients who previously underwent thyroidectomy and received reoperation between January 2019 and January 2022 were retrospectively recruited. The Dunhill approach was employed for all patients. The patients were divided into two groups: the CNs group, who received injection CNs injection 1 hour before the operation (n = 24), and the control group, who underwent thyroid surgery without CNs injection (control group, n = 25). The numbers of PGs preserved in situ, autotransplantation, the accidental removal of the PGs, and the parathyroid hormone level were recorded and analyzed.ResultsThe results revealed that more PGs were preserved in situ in the CNs group compared to the control group (3.25±0.15 vs 2.60±0.16, P=.007). Moreover, fewer PGs were subjected to autotransplantation and were accidentally discovered in the specimen in the CNs group compared to the control group. Patients who had CNs injection exhibited a lower rate of transient (5/24 vs. 13/25, P=.024) and permanent hypoparathyroidism (2/24 vs. 9/25, P=.020) compared to the control group.
Association of systemic immune-inflammation index with all-cause and cardio-cerebrovascular mortality in individuals with diabetic kidney disease: evidence from NHANES 1999-2018
Authors: Zhang Manhuai , Ye Siyang , Li Jianbo , Zhang Meng , Tan Li , Wang Yiqin , Xie Peichen , Peng Huajing , Li Suchun , Chen Sixiu , Wen Qiong , Chan Kam Wa , Tang Sydney C. W. , Li Bin , Chen Wei 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundEmerging evidence suggests a potential role of immune response and inflammation in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) offers a comprehensive measure of inflammation; however, its relationship with the prognosis of DKD patients remains unclear.MethodsUsing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning 1999 to 2018, this cross-sectional study involved adults diagnosed with DKD. Cox proportional hazards models were utilized to assess the associations between SII and all-cause or cardio-cerebrovascular disease mortality. Additionally, restricted cubic spline, piecewise linear regression, and subgroup analyses were performed.ResultsOver a median follow-up duration of 6.16 years, 1338 all-cause deaths were recorded. After adjusting for covariates, elevated SII levels were significantly associated with increased risks of all-cause and cardio-cerebrovascular disease mortality. Specifically, per one-unit increment in natural log-transformed SII (lnSII), there was a 29% increased risk of all-cause mortality (P &lt; 0.001) and a 23% increased risk of cardio-cerebrovascular disease mortality (P = 0.01) in the fully adjusted model. Similar results were observed when SII was analyzed as a categorical variable (quartiles). Moreover, nonlinear association was identified between SII and all-cause mortality (P &lt; 0.001) through restricted cubic spline analysis, with threshold value of 5.82 for lnSII. The robustness of these findings was confirmed in subgroup analyses. Likewise, the statistically significant correlation between SII levels and cardio-cerebrovascular disease mortality persisted in individuals with DKD.ConclusionIncreased SII levels, whether examined as continuous variables or categorized, demonstrate a significant association with elevated risks of all-cause and cardio-cerebrovascular disease mortality among DKD patients. These findings imply that maintaining SII within an optimal range could be crucial in reducing mortality risk.
Neurocognitive impairment and its associated factors among patients with diabetes mellitus who have follow up at referral hospital in Northwest, Ethiopia
Authors: Simachew Arefaynie , Getnet Asmamaw , Minwuyelet Fentahun , Mitiku Haymanot Zeleke , Kebede Worku Misganaw , Bizuneh Fassikaw Kebede , Tiruneh Bekele Getenet , Tsegaye Dejen 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundNeurocognitive impairment is a condition that makes it difficult for a person to make decisions that affect memory, learning new things, concentration on daily activities, and can range from mild to severe forms. It is a major health problem, less known and less addressed complication of diabetes mellitus.ObjectivesThe aim of the study is to assess prevalence of neurocognitive impairment and associated factors among diabetic mellitus patients.MethodsWe conducted an institutional-based cross-sectional study involving 512 diabetic patients under follow-up at XXX Specialized Hospital from March 1 to April 30, 2023. Data on cognition, behavior, and depression were collected using standardized tools, including the Mini Mental State Examination for cognition, the CAGE assessment tool for alcohol-related behavior, and the PHQ-9 for depression. These assessments were conducted through face-to-face interviews and chart reviews. A diagnosis of diabetes is confirmed in adults when fasting blood glucose levels exceed 126 mg/dl in three consecutive follow-up measurements. Data entry was performed using Epidata version 4.6, and analysis was conducted using SPSS version 26. Variables with a P-value &lt; 0.25 in bivariate analysis were included in multivariable logistic regression. Statistical significance was set at P ≤ 0.05 with a 95% CI. Results were presented using tables, graphs, and descriptive text.ResultsThe prevalence of neurocognitive impairment among diabetic patients at XXX Comprehensive Specialized Hospital was 28.3% [95% CI: 24.57–32.39]. Factors associated with this impairment included being female (AOR=2.29 [95% CI: 1.43-3.67]), rural residence (AOR=3.16 [95% CI: 2.01-4.95]), comorbidity (AOR=3.30 [95% CI: 2.08-5.23]), diabetes duration of 6-10 years (AOR=1.72 [95% CI: 1.01-2.94]), diabetes duration &gt;10 years, and blood sugar level &gt;126 mg/dl (AOR=2.25 [95% CI: 1.42-3.57]). Patients are encouraged to adhere to proper medication regimens to effectively control their blood glucose levels. This study found a high prevalence of neurocognitive impairment (NCI) among diabetic patients, affecting about one-fourth based on MMSE scores. Key risk factors identified include female gender, rural residence, comorbidities, longer duration of diabetes, and elevated blood glucose levels.
What’s the matter in phytoplankton? Highlighting the importance of stoichiometric traits in lake ecosystem models
Authors: Olson Carly R. , Gschwentner Daniel , Drost Annemieke M. , Mohan Joseph , Klip Helena C. L. 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionAccurate models of lake primary production are crucial for understanding ecosystem function and predicting ecosystem responses to global change. However, current research in lake ecosystem modeling has emphasized environmental characteristics while less work has considered phytoplankton stoichiometric traits. Importantly, these traits link resource availability to primary production via organismal metabolism and thus are critical to predicting ecosystem function.MethodsHere, we use an existing database of phytoplankton traits and lake ecosystem models to demonstrate that phytoplankton minimum quotas for nitrogen and phosphorus significantly influence predictions of lake gross primary production. Additionally, we compare how different parameterizations of phytoplankton stoichiometry affect modeled gross primary production. Finally, we evaluate the ability of the models to capture observed patterns in gross primary production and seston stoichiometry for lakes in the Northern Hemisphere.Results and discussionWe argue that parameterization and calibration of phytoplankton stoichiometric traits will improve lake ecosystem models and are critical for obtaining better estimates of lake primary production.
Regionalization of intestinal microbiota and metabolites in the small intestine of the Bactrian camel
Authors: Cheng Yujiao , Ren Yan , Zhang Wangdong , Lu Jia , Xie Fei , Fang Ying-Dong , Fan Xiping , He Wanhong , Wang Wenhui 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionPeyer's patches (PPs) are crucial antigen-inductive sites of intestinal mucosal immunity. Prior research indicated that, in contrast to other ruminants, PPs in the small intestine of Bactrian camels are found in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum and display polymorphism. Using this information, we analyzed the microbial and metabolic characteristics in various segments of the Bactrian camel's small intestine to further elucidate how the immune system varies across different regions. MethodsIn this study, the microbiota and metabolite of 36 intestinal mucosal samples, including duodenal (D-PPs), jejunal (J-PPs), and ileal PPs (I-PPs), were profiled for six Bactrian camels using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). To confirm meaningful associations, we conducted connection analyses on the significantly different objects identified in each group's results. ELISA was used to analyze the levels of IgA, IgG, and IgM in the same tissues. ResultsThe microbiota and metabolite profiles of J-PPs and I-PPs were found to be similar, whereas those of D-PPs were more distinct. In J-PPs and I-PPs, the dominant bacterial genera included Clostridium, Turicibacter, and Shigella. In contrast, D-PPs had a significant increase in the abundance of Prevotella, Fibrobacter, and Succinobacter. Regarding the metabolomics, D-PPs exhibited high levels of polypeptides, acetylcholine, and histamine. On the other hand, J-PPs and I-PPs were characterized by an enrichment of free amino acids, such as L-arginine, L-glutamic acid, and L-serine. These metabolic differences mainly involve amino acid production and metabolic processes. Furthermore, the distribution of intestinal immunoglobulins highlighted the specificity of D-PPs. Our results indicated that proinflammatory microbes and metabolites were significantly enriched in D-PPs. In contrast, J-PPs and I-PPs contained substances that more effectively enhance immune responses, as evidenced by the differential distribution of IgA, IgG, and IgM.DiscussionThe intestinal microenvironment of Bactrian camels displays distinct regional disparities, which we propose are associated with variations in immunological function throughout different segments of the small intestine. This study highlights the specific traits of the intestinal microbiota and metabolites in Bactrian camels, offering a valuable reference for understanding the relationship between regional intestinal immunity and the general health and disease of the host.