bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Speciesism in natural language processing research
Authors: Takeshita Masashi , Rzepka Rafal 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNatural Language Processing (NLP) research on AI Safety and social bias in AI has focused on safety for humans and social bias against human minorities. However, some AI ethicists have argued that the moral significance of nonhuman animals has been ignored in AI research. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate whether there is speciesism, i.e., discrimination against nonhuman animals, in NLP research. First, we explain why nonhuman animals are relevant in NLP research. Next, we survey the findings of existing research on speciesism in NLP researchers, data, and models and further investigate this problem in this study. The findings of this study suggest that speciesism exists within researchers, data, and models, respectively. Specifically, our survey and experiments show that (a) among NLP researchers, even those who study social bias in AI, do not recognize speciesism or speciesist bias; (b) among NLP data, speciesist bias is inherent in the data annotated in the datasets used to evaluate NLP models; (c) OpenAI GPTs, recent NLP models, exhibit speciesist bias by default. Finally, we discuss how we can reduce speciesism in NLP research.
Fast POI anomaly detection using a weakly-supervised temporal state regression network
Authors: Yao Xin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPoint-of-interest (POI) is a fundamental data type of maps. Anomalous POIs would make maps outdated and lead to user-unfriendly location-based services, and thus should be discovered as fast as possible. Traditional POI anomaly detection methods are inefficient owing to high investigation costs. The emergence of massive human activity data provides a new insight into monitoring POI states through time series modeling. When a POI turns into an anomaly, the associated human activity would disappear. However, human activity data have complicated temporal patterns and noises. It is challenging for existing time series methods to model human activity dynamics. More importantly, there is a lag between the time a POI becomes anomalous and the time we discover it. In this research, we develop a temporal state regression network (TSRNet) model for fast POI anomaly detection. The model can extract temporal features in human activity data, and predict POI state scores as anomaly indicators. Meanwhile, an inference approach is proposed to generate state score sequences as inexact labels for model training. Such weak labels enable TSRNet to identify abnormal temporal patterns as soon as they appear, so that POI outliers can be detected at an early time. Experiments on real-word datasets from AMAP validate the feasibility of our method.
Ethical reflections on phase I clinical trials of anticancer drugs: from a Chinese IRB’s empirical perspective
Authors: Liu Xiaoling , Song Zhengbo , Tang Shuting , Wang Zhaochen , Zhu Ji 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Purpose
With the rapid development of Phase I clinical trials for anticancer drugs in China, addressing ethical concerns is imperative. In order to safeguard the rights, interests, and well-being of research participants, this paper aims to illustrate vital ethical issues that should not be neglected by institutional review boards as well as other relevant stakeholders for Phase I clinical trials of anticancer drugs.

Methods
This study retrospectively collects documents on Phase I clinical trials for anticancer drugs that were submitted to the Institutional Review Board at Zhejiang Cancer Hospital from 2021 to 2023. Based on Chinese and international research regulations and guidelines, these documents, as well as initial and follow-up review resolutions, have been classified and analyzed.

Results
Given the additional risks of potentially toxic effects in Phase I clinical trials for anticancer drugs and the vulnerability of participants enrolled with advanced cancer status, it is important to review investigator qualifications, preliminary findings, research methods, inclusion and exclusion criteria in the protocol, as well as the validity and readability of informed consent. Additionally, attention should be given to follow-up reviews, particularly regarding safety reports and protocol deviations.

Conclusion
To effectively protect the rights, interests and safety of research participants. Relevant stakeholders, including sponsors, researchers, and regulatory bodies, should diligently evaluate potential risks and provision contingency plan to minimize the latent risk.
The role of information science within the clinical translational science ecosystem
Authors: Ragon Bart , Seymour Anne , Whipple Elizabeth C. , Surkis Alisa , Haberstroh Amanda , Muilenburg Jennifer , Rethlefsen Melissa L. , Aspinall Erinn E. , Deaver Jill , Dexter Nadine , Barger Renae , Contaxis Nicole , Glenn Emily J. , Hinton Elizabeth , Kern Barbara , Little Micquel , Pickett Keith , Sevetson Erika , Tao Donghua , von Isenburg Megan , Werner Debra A. , Wheeler Terrie R. , Holmes Kristi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Academic health sciences libraries (“libraries”) offer services that span the entire research lifecycle, positioning them as natural partners in advancing clinical and translational science. Many libraries enjoy active and productive collaborations with Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) Program hubs and other translational initiatives like the IDeA Clinical & Translational Research Network. This article explores areas of potential partnership between libraries and Translational Science Hubs (TSH), highlighting areas where libraries can support the CTSA Program’s five functional areas outlined in the Notice of Funding Opportunity. It serves as a primer for TSH and libraries to explore potential collaborations, demonstrating how libraries can connect researchers to services and resources that support the information needs of TSH.
Nursing Services in Kahramanmaras Earthquakes in Turkiye: A Needs Analysis
Authors: Omac Sonmez Mehtap , Nazik Feyza 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The injuries that occurred in earthquakes caused an accumulation in hospitals and the need for health services increased. The most needed human resource in the provision of health services in disasters is nurses. The aim of this study is to determine the scope of nursing services in earthquakes and to identify the service needs in hospitals during the February 6 earthquakes in Turkey. In this study, Delphi technique was used for needs analysis. The managers of health institutions in 11 provinces that experienced the earthquake were interviewed to determine how nursing services are carried out during earthquakes. As a result of this study, it was determined that there were inadequacies in triage, identification of earthquake victims, medical intervention and keeping records, identification of deceased earthquake victims, storage of personal belongings, communication with relatives of earthquake victims, and psychosocial support services in disasters such as earthquakes where many people were seriously injured. It has been observed that there is a need for disaster nurses and forensic nurses to work in these areas and it is thought that these 2 nursing fields should be taken into consideration in the planning of health professional resources in disasters.
The reference system in product generation engineering: structuring reference system elements for advanced systems engineering based on the system triple
Authors: Albers Albert , Kempf Christoph , Haberkern Patrick , Mandel Constantin , Kubin Alexander , Wagenmann Steffen , Rapp Simon , Behdinan Kamran 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Product engineering in general and advanced systems engineering in specific are highly complex and unique processes that strive to deliver innovations – successful new products. To reduce risk and time, product engineers refer to existing (socio-)technical systems or subsystems. These references are part of the reference system. A great variety of elements can be used as reference system elements in engineering projects, but the different types of reference system elements and their roles are not yet characterized. However, this is a necessary prerequisite to model and conduct product generation engineering effectively. Here, we show how reference system elements can be categorized into three types that differ regarding their intended application in the actual engineering project. Therefore, we introduce three subsystems: reference system of objectives, reference operation system, and reference system of objects. Furthermore, we provide definitions for all subsystems to specify the allocation. We believe these results will form the basis for a continuous description and continuous engineering of consecutive and parallel product generations based on model-based systems engineering. Furthermore, the results will be the starting point for the development of design supports to assist engineers in designing their specific reference systems and to make the reference system part of efficient engineering processes.
Cross-border clientelism, commitment, and the protraction of irredentist conflicts
Authors: Jackson Christopher M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Irredentist disputes have produced distinct political ethnoterritories under the de jure sovereignty of recognised parent states, but the de facto political authority of external national homelands. This study problematises the relationship between national homeland and claimed ethnoterritory as a nested game in which, in addition to bargaining with each other, they face internal competition, outbidding, and changing costs of conflict, ultimately reducing commitment to external-facing bargains. This study contends that homelands pursuing irredentist conflict can reduce uncertainty and increase commitment from ethnoterritories by building hegemonic cross-border clientelist pyramids that link ethnoterritorial publics’ and elites’ political survival and livelihoods to supporting homelands’ preferences. Further, these structures marginalise alternative elites who may seek to contravene preferences by escalating conflict and increasing costs on homelands or bargaining across ethnic cleavages. Case studies of protracted conflicts in Cyprus, Kosovo, and Croatia support this argument and further find that public-sector distribution linked to the homeland is most effective in reducing competition and uncertainty, thereby increasing long-term commitment to preferences.
The impact of Kahramanmaraş (2023) earthquake on adolescents: Exploring psychological impact, suicide possibility and future expectations
Authors: Kaplan Veysel , Düken Mehmet Emin , Kaya Rabia , Alkasaby Muhammad 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Earthquakes and other disasters caused by natural hazards have a significant impact on the mental health and well-being of children and adolescents. This study aimed to investigate the psychological symptoms, suicide probability, and future expectations among adolescents affected by the Kahramanmaraş-centered earthquake in Türkiye. A total of 704 individuals participated in the study. We conducted a cross-sectional study using the Brief Symptom Inventory, Suicide Probability Scale and Future Expectation Scale. The mean age of participants was 15.27 ± 1.39. Participants lost up to 10 of their relatives and up to 4 of their nuclear families due to the earthquake. The study showed a strong positive correlation between psychological symptoms and suicide probability and a strong negative correlation between psychological symptoms and future expectations among adolescents. Additionally, losing family members or relatives was associated with increased psychological problems. Earthquake-related issues such as lack of food, shelter and security, and education disruption should be addressed to mitigate the mental health impact of the disaster. Additionally, mental health and psychosocial support services should be made available for adolescents and their families in the earthquake-affected regions.
One British Archive: Family Histories at Shulbrede Priory
Authors: Sojka Thomas J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis short article describes some of the archival materials held at Shulbrede Priory, located in West Sussex, England. This private home in Haslemere also serves as an archive containing materials related to the Ponsonby family and presents exciting research opportunities for historians of early twentieth-century Britain. The collection includes material related to the composer Hubert Parry and the diaries of Arthur and Dorothea Ponsonby. Additionally, it contains manuscript and photographic materials related to the Ponsonby's daughter, Elizabeth—particularly her involvement with the so-called Bright Young People of the 1920s and 1930s. As it remains a private home, this archive also compels us to think about the nature of family histories.
Path instabilities of freely falling oblong cylinders
Authors: Bouchet G. , Dušek J. 
Published: November 2024

This paper presents numerical simulations of the free fall of homogenous cylinders of length-to-diameter ratios

$2$

,

$3$

and 5 and solid-to-fluid-density ratios

$\rho _s/\rho$

going from 0 to 10 in transitional regimes. The path instabilities are shown to be due to two types of transitional states. The well-known fluttering state is a solid mode, characterised by significant oscillations of the cylinder axis due to a strong interaction between the vortex shedding in the wake and the solid degrees of freedom. Weakly oscillating, mostly irregular trajectories, are fluid modes, associated with purely fluid instabilities in the wake. The interplay of solid and fluid modes leads to a varying scenario in which the length-to-diameter and density ratios play an important role. The description is accompanied by the presentation of the identified transitional states in terms of path characteristics and vorticity structure of the wakes and by bifurcation diagrams showing the evolution of asymptotic states with increasing Galileo numbers. There appears to be a strong difference between the behaviour of cylinders of aspect ratio

$L/d=3$

and 5. A similar contrast is stated between light cylinders of density ratios

$\rho _s/\rho \le 2$

and dense cylinders of density ratios 5 and 10. Finally, the question of the scatter of values of the drag coefficient and of the frequency of oscillations raised in the literature is addressed. It is shown, that in addition to external parameters (Galileo number, density and aspect ratio) the amplitude of oscillations characterising the instability development is to be taken into account to explain this scatter. Fits of the simulation results to simple correlations are proposed. Namely that of the drag coefficient proves to be accurate (better than 1 % of accuracy) but also that of the Strouhal number (a few per cent of accuracy) may be of practical use.
Shared Demographic Characteristics Do Not Reliably Facilitate Persuasion in Interpersonal Conversations: Evidence from Eight Experiments
Authors: Broockman David E. , Kalla Joshua L. , Ottone Nicholas , Santoro Erik , Weiss Amanda 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMany efforts to persuade others politically employ interpersonal conversations. A recurring question is whether the participants in such conversations are more readily persuaded by others who share their demographic characteristics. Echoing concerns that individuals have difficulties communicating across differences, research finds that individuals perceive demographically similar people as more trustworthy, suggesting shared demographics could facilitate persuasion. In a survey of practitioners and scholars, we find many share these expectations. However, dual-process theories suggest that messenger attributes are typically peripheral cues that should not influence persuasion when individuals are effortfully thinking, such as during interpersonal conversations. Supporting this view, we analyze data from eight experiments on interpersonal conversations across four topics (total N = 6, 139) and find that shared demographics (age, gender, or race) do not meaningfully increase their effects. These results are encouraging for the scalability of conversation interventions, and suggest voters can persuade each other across differences.
The Weight on Her Shoulders: Marginalization of Women Legislators in Parliaments and Substantive Representation of Women
Authors: Itzkovitch-Malka Reut , Oshri Odelia 
Published: November 2024

AbstractStudies have widely documented that women's descriptive representation in parliaments enhances their substantive representation. We probe this relationship under varying levels of women's collective and individual marginality based on an original dataset documenting the parliamentary behaviour of Israeli legislators over eleven parliamentary terms (1977–2015). Using several measures of individual-level marginality we show that marginalized female legislators are more prone to engage in gender-related parliamentary activity than their less marginal counterparts, albeit only under a certain threshold of women's marginality as a group. The article elucidates the dynamic nature of the relationship between descriptive and substantive representation of disadvantaged groups by demonstrating that it is contingent on their collective standing in parliament and on the marginality of individual legislators as manifested in their strategic choices.
Structural and productive characteristics of Urochloa decumbens (Stapf) R. Webster in monoculture and silvopastoral system
Authors: Izidro José Lypson Pinto Simões , de Mello Alexandre Carneiro Leão , da Cunha Márcio Vieira , da Silva Valdson José , Santos Mércia Virginia Ferreira dos , Costa Suellen Brandão de Miranda , Carvalho Chrislanne Barreira de Macêdo , da Silva Vanilson Pedro , Coelho Janerson José , Pessoa Diana Valadares , de Oliveira Neto Pedro Mouzinho 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study hypothesized that the signal grass (Urochloa decumbens [Stapf] R. Webster) modifies its structural and productive characteristics under a silvopasture system with legume trees. The treatments were composed of (i) signal grass in monoculture and (ii) a silvopasture system intercropping signal grass + Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth. a legume tree, over two consecutive years. The experiment was set in a completely randomized block design with three replications. Grazing was carried out by cattle with an average body weight (BW) of 186 ± 26 kg. The type of system had no significant effect on the structural and productive characteristics of signal grass. In the first grazing season, the greatest canopy height (54 cm) and total forage mass (6473 kg DM/ha) occurred in the dry period. The leaf:stem ratio was greater in the rainy season. Forage accumulation (515 kg DM/ha/28 days) and forage accumulation rate (18 kg DM/ha/day) were greater in the rainy season. Higher total forage production (4583 kg DM/ha) occurred in the first grazing season. The silvopasture with double rows spaced 25 m apart and with a tree density of 600 plants/ha did not compromise the structural and productivity characteristics of the signal grass pasture. The legume M. caesalpiniifolia has the potential for use as an arboreal component in silvopasture systems with signal grass.
Evaluation of species-specificity in barnacle waterborne settlement pheromones
Authors: Kitade Shiori , Matsumura Kiyotaka , Takefumi Yorisue 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Larval settlement is an important process that drives population and community dynamics of marine invertebrates. Barnacles are frequently used to investigate settlement mechanisms of marine invertebrate larvae. Adult barnacles induce settlement of conspecific larvae nearby which ultimately facilitates copulation with neighbouring individuals. A significant factor involved in the larval induction process is the proteinaceous waterborne settlement pheromone (WSP), which is purified from adult barnacles. A previous study suggested that the concentration of WSP informs barnacle cyprid larvae about the abundance of adult barnacles in the environment nearby but it is unclear whether WSP works in a species-specific or non-species-specific manner. In this study, we conducted settlement assays using recombinant WSPs and cyprids of two congenic barnacle species, Amphibalanus amphitrite and A. improvisus, to investigate the species specificity of WSPs. We found that A. amphitrite and A. improvisus cyprids responded similarly to con-specific WSPs as to allo-specific WSP stimuli indicating that WSPs are not species-specific. Our findings suggest that cyprids approach potential settlement sites using WSPs, non-species-specific settlement pheromones, before performing a closer search of the substratum using a species-specific pheromone.
Three’s a crowd: Ternary (ing) variation in the North of England
Authors: Bailey George 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Despite the attention (ing) has received in variationist literature, it is comparatively understudied in the North West of England where it holds something of a unique sociolinguistic profile. Variation in this region is between three competing forms: [ɪŋɡ] appears alongside the usual [ɪn]/[ɪŋ] variants. Based on sociolinguistic interviews with 32 speakers from this region, this study investigates whether [ɪŋɡ] replaces [ɪŋ] as the local standard or exists alongside it to fulfill a different sociolinguistic role. Results suggest that [ɪŋ] is maintained as the standard variant, and that [ɪŋɡ] occupies its own functional space as a feature of emphatic and hyper-articulate speech, appearing almost exclusively before pause. (ing) also shows no sensitivity to part of speech, despite the strength of this effect in other varieties of English. These results are discussed in the context of broader questions regarding the underlying representation of this variation, specifically its allophonic or allomorphic nature.
The effect of healthy food guidance for schools on food availability, purchasing and consumption among school children in New Zealand and Australia: an integrative review
Authors: Pillay Danika , Ali Ajmol , Wham Carol 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Modifying the food environment holds promise for instilling healthier behaviours in children and may be an effective public health strategy for preventing childhood obesity and adverse health outcomes. The school food environment is a valuable setting to influence most children’s dietary behaviours from an early age, yet evidence suggests that the New Zealand and Australian school food environment is not conducive to healthy food and drink consumption. The present study aimed to investigate the level of compliance in New Zealand and Australia with government guidelines for food and drink availability within schools and the subsequent effect on food consumption and purchasing behaviours of children. A systematic review utilising three databases, PubMed, Scopus and the Cochrane Library, was conducted. The research covered peer-reviewed studies from both New Zealand and Australia that met predefined inclusion criteria. Fifteen studies focused on assessing food availability within schools on the basis of government guidelines, and ten studies explored food purchasing and consumption by students influenced by changes to the school food environment. Results showed low compliance with government healthy food guidelines for schools, and significant socioeconomic disparities. Western Australia’s clear targets as well as the mandatory monitoring systems in place stand out as being a significant enabler of greater compliance with government food policies. Interventions aimed at improving healthy food availability and promoting healthy options in the canteen may positively influence student purchasing and consumption habits. Strategies such as feedback models and incentivisation hold promise for promoting healthier school environments and influencing children’s food choices.