bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Efficient Strategy in Microemulsion Systems to Prepare Mono‐ and Bimetallic Platinum‐Rhenium Reforming Nanocatalyst with Remarkable Catalytic Performance
Authors: Keshavarz Alireza , Salabat Alireza 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis research is a continuation of our previous work aimed to developing an efficient microemulsion system to prepare mono‐ and bimetallic Pt–Re/γ‐Al2O3 reforming nanocatalysts. For this purpose two types of microemulsion systems containing TritonX‐100/2‐butanol as surfactant/co‐surfactant, n‐heptane as organic phase and H2O+H2PtCl6 (or HCl(aq)+H2PtCl6) as aqueous dispersed phase were constructed to fabricate Pt and Re nanocolloids. After addition of appropriate weight of γ‐Al2O3 and destabilization of the colloid systems, mono and bimetallic Pt–Re/γ‐Al2O3 nanocatalysts were obtained. The prepared nanocatalysts were further dried, calcined and characterized by various techniques such as scanning electron microscope (SEM), X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), BET, temperature‐programmed reduction (H2‐TPR) and temperature programmed desorption (NH3‐TPD). Characterization results indicated that the microemulsion nature affect the physicochemical properties of the prepared nanocatalysts. Reforming of n‐heptane at different temperatures was carried out to investigate the effect of microemulsion media (neutral or acidic microemulsion) on the catalytic activity of the prepared nanocatalysts. It is verified that activity of the nanocatalysts is considerably depends on the microemulsion type in the preparation procedure.
Carbazole‐Linked 1,2,3‐Triazoles: In Vitro β‐Glucuronidase Inhibitory Potential, Kinetics, and Molecular Docking Studies
Authors: Shaikh Nimra Naveed , Iqbal Shazia , Syed Naima , Khan Maria A. , Moin Syed Tarique , Choudhary Muhammad Iqbal , Basha Fatima Z. 
Published: May 2019

Abstractβ‐Glucuronidase enzyme is a tetrameric glycoprotein present in microsomes and lysosomes of many organs, and body fluids. Over‐expression of this enzyme is observed in several melanomas and carcinomas. Therefore, it has been identified as a target for the treatment of several pathological conditions. In this regard, carbazole linked 1,2,3‐triazoles (1–27) were synthesized according to our previous report, and evaluated for their in vitro β‐glucuronidase inhibitory activities. Compounds 7–10, 17–18, 20, and 22–27 showed potent activities with IC50 values between 0.55–32.5 μM, as compared to the standard, D‐saccharic acid 1,4‐lactone (IC50=45.75 ± 2.16 μM). All active compounds were found to be non‐cytotoxic against mouse fibroblast 3T3 cell line. Compounds 20, 22, 23, 25, 26, and 27 were subjected to enzyme kinetic studies for the determination of their modes of inhibition, and dissociation constants Ki. Compounds 23, 25, and 26 were also studied for their mode of inhibition by using molecular docking methods.
MoS2 Nanosheets Anchored on Melamine‐Sponges‐Derived Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Microtubes as Anode for High‐Rate Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Feng Meng , Zhang Huizhen , Zhang Yuchan , Zhang Mengjie , Feng Hongbin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHere we demonstrate the design and synthesis of a composite electrode material consisting of MoS2 nanosheets anchored on nitrogen‐doped (N‐doped) carbon microtubes (NCMT) for anode applications in sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). The NCMT skeleton was derived from the common melamine sponges, which was used not only as a template but also as the source of nitrogen and carbon. This smart design can effectively shorten the diffusion length of Na+ ions, increase electric conductivity of the electrode, and provide more active sites for electrochemical reactions. When evaluated as anode for sodium‐ion batteries, the MoS2@NCMT composites exhibited a larger initial coulombic efficiency (67.9%), high rate capability (196 mA h g−1 at 10 A g−1 and 118 mA h g−1 at 30 A g−1) and better cycling stability (289 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles at 80 mA g−1).
Ruthenium(II)‐Polypyridyl‐Based Sensor Bearing a DPA Unit for Selective Detection of Cu(II) Ion in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Arora Aayushi , Kaushal Jolly , Kumar Arun , Kumar Pramod , Kumar Sushil 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRuthenium(II) polypyridyl linked di‐(2‐picolyl)amine (DPA) based chemosensor [Ru(bpy)2(bpmpip)](PF6)2 (Ru‐L) has been developed for the selective detection of Cu(II) ion in purely aqueous medium. The change in absorbance and emission spectra of chemosensor Ru‐L was observable upon addition of Cu2+ ion. Competitive binding studies, detection limit (18.9 nM) and binding constants illustrate significant sensing ability of chemosensor Ru‐L. Spectral behaviour of chemosensor Ru‐L at different pH was also investigated in absence and presence of Cu2+ ion. Binding of Cu2+ to Ru‐L occurs in 1:1 stoichiometry, in good agreement with the results obatined from ESI‐mass spectrometry, Job's plot experiment and spectroscopic titrations. The emission intensity of Ru‐L was selectively quenched by Cu2+ ion and an obvious color change from red orange to yellow in aqueous solution as well as on paper strips was observed under UV light. The reversibility cycles for the detection of Cu2+ ion were achieved by EDTA and corresponding logic gate was also developed. The water solubility, reversibility and optical visualization of the present chemosensor make it ideal for practical applications on real samples.
Synthesis, Spectral Characterization, Docking Studies and Antiviral Activity of Phosphorylated Derivatives of Lopinavir Intermediate
Authors: Kuruva Chandra S. , Gandavaram Syam P. , Shaik Thaslim B. , Chintha Venkataramaiah , Chamarthi Naga R. , Ghosh Sunil K. , Wudayagiri Rajendra 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLopinavir (LPV) intermediate, a core unit of the HIV‐protease inhibitor is phosphorylated and screened for their binding efficacy with the Hemagglutinin‐Neuraminidase (HN) protein of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and of VP7 protein of Bluetongue virus (BTV). The docking simulations were encouraged for their synthesis and screened their antiviral activity against NDV in the Chicken Embryonated eggs. The compounds which have exhibited higher binding energy were selected for antiviral evaluation on target pathogens such as NDV and BTV using in in ovo and in vitro methods. The results revealed that the compounds, 5a, 5b, 5i and 5j showed good activity against NDV and 5a, 5b, 5g and 5j exhibited noble antiviral activity against BTV in both in ovo and in vitro than the remaining title compounds.
TiO2/rGO/CuS Nanocomposites for Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Rhodamine‐B Dye
Authors: Gunnagol Raghu M. , Rabinal Mohammad Hussain K. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this work, a simple two step synthesis of Titanium dioxide / Reduced graphene oxide / Copper sulfide (TiO2/rGO/CuS) and its improved photocatalytic activity is reported. TiO2/rGO is prepared by electrochemical anodization of Ti metal in NaCl‐graphene oxide solution as an electrolyte. Later CuS is incorporated to TiO2/rGO to form the composite TiO2/rGO/CuS by chemical precipitation at room temperature. The optical properties, phase and morphology of the material is characterized by UV‐visible spectroscopy, X‐ ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity is tested by the degradation of hazardous Rhodamine‐B dye under ultraviolet and visible light exposures. An enhancement of photocatalytic activity is observed in TiO2/rGO/CuS as compared to pure TiO2 or TiO2/rGO nanocomposites. The enhancement is mainly due to wide range of optical absorption of CuS and the interfaced rGO, which facilitates the efficient charge separation and charge transport. The present material exhibits superior stability that is tested by its recycling photocatalytic activity.
Embedding Pt‐SnO Nanoparticles into MIL‐101(Cr) Pores: Hydrogen Production with Low Carbon Monoxide Content from a New Methanol Steam Reforming Catalyst
Authors: Kamyar Niloofar , Khani Yasin , Amini Mostafa M. , Bahadoran Farzad , Safari Nasser 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe catalyst Pt‐SnO@MIL‐101(Cr) was prepared using the cis‐PtCl(SMe2)2(SnCl3) complex as a single precursor and characterized by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, (ICP‐OES), X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), BET surface area analysis (SBET), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), and temperature program reduction (TPR). A new complex, cis‐PtCl(SMe2)2(SnCl3), was synthesized from the reaction of PtCl2(SMe2)2 with SnCl2 and characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), ICP‐OES, and 1H NMR spectroscopy and used as the source of metals for preparation of the catalysts. The fabricated catalyst, Pt‐SnO@MIL‐101(Cr), with 10.2%, 19.7%, and 28.9% platinum loadings were used in a steam reforming of methanol (MSR) reaction using a microstructure monolith reactor in the temperature range of 150–300 °C. A high methanol conversion with a good selectivity of H2 and low CO selectivity was achieved in light of the stability of the catalyst with a small amount of coke formation in the monolith system.
A Collaboration of Surface Protection and Bulk Doping for High‐performance Li‐rich Cathode Materials
Authors: Wang Min‐Jun , Yu Fu‐Da , Sun Gang , Gu Da‐Ming , Wang Zhen‐Bo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLi‐rich layered oxides (LLRO) are promising high energy‐density cathode, but always suffer from the oxygen loss in initial activation and gradual structure transformation during cycling, which leads to capacity degradation and potential decay. Here, we employ a simple strategy to achieve the collaboration of surface protection and bulk doping for improving the performance of Li‐rich material. Scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscopy tests demonstrate that a nanoscale protective layer of magnesium pyrophosphate is uniformly coated on the Li‐rich material surface. X‐ray diffraction test indicates Mg2+ and P2O74− are incorporated into the crystal structure, which induces the larger lattice spacing and lower cation mixing. As a result, the resultant LLRO displays extremely high Coulombic efficiency of 91.8% and discharge capacity of 288.4 mAh g−1, showing prominent cycling stability of 89.2% after 200 cycles. Furthermore, our strategy also suppresses the attenuation of average voltage during cycling and the potential drop is only 0.56 mV per cycle from 25 th to 200 th cycle. The excellent electrochemical performance can be ascribed to the combined merits of surface protection and bulk doping. This strategy may provide some new insights into the design and synthesis of high‐performance electrode materials.
Synthesis of N,N‐Disubstituted Thiocarbamates from Thiocarbamoyl Fluorides with Alcohols/Phenols/Thiophenols/Thioalcohols Through Copper Catalysis
Authors: Yang Jun , Zhen Long , Jiang Liqin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTraditional methods for preparing N,N‐disubstituted thiocarbamates require highly toxic, flammable and volatile reagents, or their derivatives. Recently, we developed a general method for thiocarbamoyl fluorides from safe, cheap, and easily available starting materials. Reported reactions involving thioyl fluoride with nucleophiles are very scarce. In this report, copper catalyzed reaction of thiocarbamoyl fluorides with phenols/thiophenols/alcohols/thioalcohols under Na2CO3 at 50 °C or at 80 °C in CH3CN were first developed, affording the corresponding N,N‐disubstituted thiocarbamates in moderate to excellent yields. When alcohols are cheap and their boiling points are less than 120 °C or they are water‐soluble, CuCl catalyzed reaction of thiocarbamoyl fluorides with alcohols at 50 °C was also developed. The reaction has good functional group tolerance. Methoxy, methyl, chloro, bromo, nitro, even ester functional groups were all tolerated. Control reactions demonstrated that copper catalyst played the key role on the success of these novel reactions.
Deep Eutectic Solvent Mediated Alkyne‐Carbonyl Metathesis (ACM) Reaction for the Synthesis of 2H‐Chromene Derivatives
Authors: Annes Sesuraj Babiola , Vigneshwar Kulandaiappan , Nivedha Kolanchinathan , Manojveer Seetharaman , Ramesh Subburethinam 
Published: May 2019

Abstract2H‐Chromene is an important structural motif present in many biologically active compounds, natural products and showed many other properties. Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) an environmentally benign and alternative to the conventional organic volatile solvents has been utilized first time for the synthesis of the 2H‐chromene derivatives in moderated to excellent yields. The DES is recycled for 5 times for the synthesis of 2H‐chromene derivatives. Based on the stability of ring size, we justified the regio‐selectivity on the formation of cyclization product. Based on the control experiments, we ruled out the free radical mechanism and propose the ACM mechanistic path to construct chromene skeleton.
Simple and Controllable Synthesis of Three‐Dimensional Spheroidal Structure of MoS2/rGO under Lower Temperature for Enhanced Properties in Lithium Battery
Authors: Yang Zezhou , Yang Jingjing , Zong Liming , Ren Lan , Guli Mina 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMoS2 has a larger specific capacity than graphene, however with low conductivity and easily broken structure during charging and discharging. Graphene can be used as a carrier to prevent agglomeration of MoS2 sheet, so that the electrolyte is sufficiently in contact with the active material. MoS2/rGO is prepared by hydrothermal method in simple, fast and controllable way, which is low in energy consumption and excellent in sample quality. Materials are characterized by SEM, XRD and electrochemical performance tests. Then, they are used as the anode materials of the lithium half‐cell and the performance of the lithium half‐cell is tested and analyzed. MoS2 has a capacity of 608.4 mAh g−1, which is higher than the existing lithium battery anode material. MoS2/rGO has a unique three‐dimensional spheroidal structure. The conductivity and structural stability of the material are greatly improved, moreover, the capacity is further improved to 853.7 mAh g−1.
Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Supported on Arc‐synthesized Carbon Nanotubes as Advanced Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Zhao Jiang , Luo Jinsong , Li Dan , Zhou Ziwei , Ji Guanghan , Shi Qingling , Xiang Yangjun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is an important half reaction in many renewable energy conversion and storage sources. The development of efficient, cost‐effective and durable non‐precious ORR catalysts with their catalytic efficiencies close to expensive Pt‐based catalysts is promising towards large‐scale practical applications of fuel cells and metal‐air batteries. Herein, we report a facile and scalable in‐situ synthesis of Fe3O4 nanoparticles supported on carbon nanotubes hybrid material using arc‐discharge method in low‐pressure air and use Fe3O4/CNTs hybrid as a highly efficient ORR electrocatalyst. The as‐synthesized Fe3O4/CNTs catalyst shows excellent ORR catalytic activity with its performance close to or even better than the commercial 20wt% Pt/C in alkaline media due to the synergistic effect between Fe3O4 and CNTs. This study provides a new insight into non‐precious metal ORR catalysts that are feasible in alkaline membrane fuel cells and metal‐air batteries.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New Isatin‐Based QACs with High Antimicrobial Potency
Authors: Bogdanov Andrei V. , Zaripova Ilyuza F. , Voloshina Alexandra D. , Sapunova Anastasia S. , Kulik Natalia V. , Bukharov Sergey V. , Voronina Julia K. , Vandyukov Alexander E. , Mironov Vladimir F. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA simple and easy condensation reaction of aryl‐ or N‐substituted isatins with Girard's reagents P and T was found to be useful in obtaining of water‐soluble isatin‐based quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) bearing pyridinium or trimethylammonium moiety with high yields. Their antimicrobial activity was evaluated. Selective activity against Gram‐positive bacteria (S. aureus 209p and B. cereus 8035) and yeast‐like fungus Candida albicans 855–653 was shown. The influence of the substituent's nature as in the aromatic fragment as at position 1 on the activity was established. The most active are the pyridinium salts containing sterically hindered phenolic fragment at the position 1 of the heterocycle. The structures of all novel compounds were fully characterized using IR and NMR spectroscopies as well as XRD analysis.
Conclusion: The Need to Develop the Code of the Street into a General Approach
Authors: Heitmeyer Wilhelm , Kurtenbach Sebastian , Zdun Steffen 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe final results of the study are interpreted in this concluding chapter and the research question is answered. The study shows that the code of the street theory has to be modified to explain youth violence in different cultural contexts, but does have general elements. Furthermore, street codes are shaped by micro-driven issues, like the personality of juveniles, as well as macro-factors, like the entire society. Also, street codes have to be placed into the broader picture of street culture, to understand spatial-related differences.
Violence-Related Norms and the “Code of the Street”
Authors: Kurtenbach Sebastian , Rauf Abdul 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis chapter is a survey of the status quo of research on the code of the street since the publication of Anderson’s work (1999). Prioritizing the elements of the street code, we critically discuss various empirical studies on the street code. It covers the development of the code of the street: family types, street socialization, street knowledge, manhood, and violence. Scrutinizing the relevant empirical research both in their geographical spaces and different disciplines gave us the confidence to use the code of the street as a theoretical framework for our study.
Comparing Violence-Related Norms
Authors: Howell Simon , Zdun Steffen 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe goal of this empirical study is a comparison of violence-related norms. Although the code of the street is our particular concern in this study, violence-related norms remain the general concern. This chapter aims to provide a selective literature review on both these issue, with a particular emphasis on the situation in the three countries comprising this study. Moreover, the chapter reflects on the need for comparison, methodological issues of cross-cultural comparison, as well as the functionality of conducting a comparison.
Research Design
Authors: Kurtenbach Sebastian , Zaman Muhammad 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis chapter deals with the research design and protocols of the research. It outlines the universe (a comparison of Germany, Pakistan and South Africa), the unit of analysis (juveniles 16–21), the tools (interview guidelines), and techniques of the data collection process (in-depth interviews). This chapter also documents the tools and techniques of the data analysis (MAXQDA 18). It also sets out the sample size (30 interviews from each country) and the ten expert interviews conducted in each country. Finally, the analytical outline of the code of the street is presented.
Description of the German Context
Authors: Kurtenbach Sebastian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this chapter, the German research context is described in detail by way of a thorough depiction of the three research sites, being Dortmund-Nordstadt, Duisburg-Marxloh, Berlin-Wedding, and Berlin-Neukoelln. Here too, the sample of the interviews of the male juveniles and the frequencies of the codings are presented. The chapter contributes to a better understanding of the German sample of our study.
Description of the South African Context
Authors: Howell Simon 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this chapter, a description of the sample and the sites of research pertaining to the South African sample is provided. The chapter also details the unique structural and historical parameters that have shaped South African neighborhoods, the country, and indeed the people. Two sites in the country were sampled, and these are drawn upon in contrasting the very different lives of people who live in South Africa contemporarily. With this in place, some initial thoughts are advanced, detailing the relationship between structure, personhood, and norms.
Water alternating gas incremental recovery factor prediction and WAG pilot lessons learned
Authors: Belazreg Lazreg , Mahmood Syed Mohammad 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWater alternating gas (WAG) injection process is a proven enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technology with many successful field applications around the world. WAG pilot projects demonstrate that WAG incremental recovery factor typically ranges from 5 to 10% of original oil in place, though up to 20% has been observed in some fields. Despite its proven success, WAG application growth has been very slow. One of the reasons is the unavailability of robust analytical predictive tools that could estimate WAG incremental recovery factor, which is required for preliminary economic analysis before committing to expensive and time-consuming detailed technical studies and field pilot test that often requires a lot of input data. A semi-numerical model for WAG incremental recovery factor prediction was developed based on data mining of published WAG pilots to fill this gap. An extensive review of published WAG pilot projects was carried out, and consequently, 33 projects from 28 fields around the world were selected for this research study. Field WAG incremental recovery factor and parameters with total of one hundred and seventy-seven (177) observations were inputted to the predictive model. A predictive model was developed using both regression and group method of data handling (GMDH) techniques; 70% of the 33 WAG pilot projects data were used as validation, whereas remaining 30% of data set were used for validation. The predictive model results achieved with coefficient of determination (R2) from the regression method were ranging from 0.892 to 0.946 and 0.854 to 0.917 for training and validation sets, respectively. However, the prediction model coefficient of determination (R2) using GMDH method was ranging from 0.964 to 0.981 and 0.934 to 0.974 for training and validation, respectively. The developed predictive model can predict WAG incremental recovery factor versus multiple input parameters that include rock type, WAG process type, hydrocarbon pore volume of injected gas, reservoir permeability, oil gravity, oil viscosity, reservoir pressure, and reservoir temperature. The results of the study demonstrated that few input parameters have a significant impact on WAG incremental recovery factor as reservoir permeability and hydrocarbon pore volume of injected gas. This research study uses a novel approach in pre-defining the expected incremental WAG recovery factor before committing resources for building complex numerical reservoir simulation models and running WAG pilot tests, which are very time-consuming and costly and require extensive data input.