bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Internal fork‐shaped wideband monopole antenna with a parasitic sleeve for ultra‐high‐definition television applications
Authors: Van Trinh Thai , Park Taejoon , Jung Chang Won 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA simple and compact internal fork‐shaped monopole antenna with a parasitic sleeve is proposed for operation in the ultra‐high frequency (UHF: 470‐771 MHz) band for ultra‐high‐definition television (UHD‐TV) applications. The internal antenna is directly implemented into a 49‐in TV model on which its bezel frame (made of PC‐ABS with εr = 3.5 and tanδ = 0.005) is used as a substrate for antenna design. The structure and operation bandwidth of the internal antenna are restricted by the limited space and longitudinal bezel frame. Therefore, the fork‐shaped monopole structure with meandering and folding strips is applied, forming a capacitive coupling effect to reduce the antenna size and to enhance the impedance matching. A parasitic sleeve is added and encircled around the monopole to generate additional resonances, hence further broadening the operating bandwidth to cover the entire UHF band. The antenna is then bent to form a three‐dimensional structure with a compact dimension of 275 × 17 × 5 mm3, allowing it to be tightly fitted on the bezel frame of the TV model. The final tested antenna achieves a peak gain of 4.7 dBi and an efficiency of more than 60% over a broad −6 dB reflection bandwidth of 60.3% (440‐820 MHz).
Decision Analysis for the Reintroduction of Bull Trout into the Lower Pend Oreille River, Washington
Authors: Benjamin Joseph R. , Brignon William R. , Dunham Jason B. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The decision to reintroduce a species can be difficult owing to conflicting opinions and objectives as well as uncertainty over the outcome. Structured decision making addresses these considerations by identifying realistic fundamental objectives and building achievable management alternatives within a quantitative modeling framework. The process is driven by participation of stakeholders that represent diverse objectives, policy mandates, and opinions regarding decision alternatives. We applied structured decision making to evaluate the reintroduction of Bull Trout Salvelinus confluentus into the lower Pend Oreille River in northeastern Washington State. We engaged stakeholders from tribal, municipal, county, state, and federal agencies to specify fundamental objectives, formulate feasible reintroduction decisions, and conceptualize a modeling framework that included biological information and stakeholder assumptions. Stakeholders requested iterative decision sets to determine the optimal recipient streams and release strategies. The optimal decision—based on the fundamental objective of maximizing adult abundance at year 10—was artificial propagation of 4,500 juvenile Bull Trout coupled with translocation of 25 adult migrants to be reintroduced into a tributary and lake system (Sullivan Lake/Harvey Creek) that produced at least 18% more adult fish relative to alternatives. Sensitivity analyses were robust to the identity of the recipient stream (i.e., Sullivan Lake/Harvey Creek was always the optimal recipient stream) but suggested that maximizing the number of artificially produced juveniles released could generate a similar number of adult Bull Trout as the coupled-release strategy. Results also suggested that ensuring fish passage at Albeni Falls Dam on the main-stem Pend Oreille River could increase the abundance of adult fish. The process followed for this case study can be adapted to similar decisions regarding reintroduction or other translocations of fish in other systems.
A Tribute to Tributaries: Endangered Fish Distributions within Critical Habitat of the San Juan River, USA
Authors: Cathcart Charles N. , McKinstry Mark C. , MacKinnon Peter D. , Ruffing Claire M. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The extent of fish movements in contemporary river networks can depend on spatial position relative to attractive features that may provide food and refuge, such as tributary mouths, or restrictive features, such as barriers. From the San Juan River basin in New Mexico and Utah, we integrated remote summertime PIT tag detections at two tributary mouths (McElmo Creek and Chaco Wash) with main-stem recapture data from 2012 to 2015 to determine if two endangered species, Colorado Pikeminnow Ptychocheilus lucius and Razorback Sucker Xyrauchen texanus, differed in tributary use, demography, and seasonal ranges. Razorback Suckers were more abundantly detected (n = 266 individuals) and recaptured (n = 145) than were Colorado Pikeminnows (n = 96 detected; n = 55 recaptured). Despite the San Juan River flowing uninterrupted between the tributary mouths, individuals of each species separated into tributary-specific groups. Razorback Suckers had very similar sizes and ages at each tributary, reflecting a homogeneous augmented population. Colorado Pikeminnows separated into tributary-specific groups of either adult (Chaco Wash) or subadult (McElmo Creek) fish based on total length and age. Analyses suggested that fish size was a significant factor explaining the extent of seasonal ranges for both species. Although the ranges of both species exhibited a tributary effect, this effect was more significant in explaining Razorback Sucker ranges than Colorado Pikeminnow ranges, which were explained best by season. Understanding how mobile species interact with attractive and inhibitive river features can help managers identify potential sampling biases along with possible consequences of spatially structured populations. Managers should consider extending sampling upstream of barriers, installing additional permanent antenna arrays, and maintaining perennial flows in these tributaries.
Coupled three‐dimensional discrete element‐lattice Boltzmann methods for fluid‐solid interaction with polyhedral particles
Authors: Gardner Michael , Sitar Nicholas 
Published: July 2019

SummaryInteraction between solid particles and fluid is of fundamental interest to scientists and engineers in many different applications—cardiopulmonary flows, aircraft and automobile aerodynamics, and wind loading on buildings to name a few. In geomechanics, particle shape significantly affects both particle‐particle and particle‐fluid interaction. Herein, we present a generalized method for modeling the interaction of arbitrarily shaped polyhedral particles and particle assemblages with fluid using a coupled discrete element method (DEM) and lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) formulation. The coupling between DEM and LBM is achieved through a new algorithm based on a volume‐fraction approach to consider three‐dimensional convex polyhedral particles moving through fluid. The algorithm establishes the interaction using linear programming and simplex integration and is validated against experimental data. This approach to modeling the interaction between complex polyhedral particles and fluid is shown to be accurate for directly simulating hydrodynamic forces on the particles.
Analysis of creep settlement of pile groups in linear viscoelastic soil
Authors: Mishra Anumita , Patra Nihar Ranjan 
Published: July 2019

SummaryThis paper presents the analysis of creep settlement of pile groups for line pile groups, square pile groups, and rectangular pile groups undergoing creep settlements over a period of time. The soil is treated as a viscoelastic material and is modeled using a three‐parameter viscoelastic model. The damping component (dashpot) takes care of the permanent time‐dependent deformations in three‐parameter viscoelastic model. An approach suggested by Mindlin has been employed to calculate the stress distribution along the pile length in a group. The viscoelastic problem is converted into an elastic problem by the application of Laplace transform. Results in the form of variation of interaction factors for parameters such as pile length to diameter ratio, pile spacing, Poisson's ratio, and modulus ratio have been presented. Comparison has been made between interaction factors for piles groups undergoing immediate settlements and creep settlements. Finally, a typical predictive example has been presented for a 3 × 3 pile group showing creep settlement. The load rearrangement due to creep settlements causes about 5% to 35% increase in base resistance over time. Interaction factors for pile groups (2 × 1, 3 × 1, 2 × 2, and 3 × 2) undergoing creep settlement is about 15% to 55% higher than the interaction factors considering only the immediate settlements for pile group spacing less than or equal to 5d.
CEST MRI with distribution‐based analysis for assessment of early stage disease activity in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis: An initial study
Authors: Liu Tao , Chen Yanrong , Thomas Aline M. , Song Xiaolei 
Published: July 2019

Imaging biomarkers that can detect pathological changes at an early stage of multiple sclerosis (MS) may allow earlier therapeutic intervention with an improved outcome. Using a mouse model of MS, termed as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), we performed chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI at a very early stage before symptom onset (6 days post‐induction) for assessment of changes in tissues that appear “normal” with conventional MRI. The collected CEST Z‐spectra signals (Ssat/S0) were analyzed using a histogram‐guided method to determine the contributions from various offset frequencies. Histogram analysis showed that EAE mice exhibit a more heterogeneous distribution with lower peak heights in the hindbrain compared with naïve mice at saturation offsets of 1 and 2 ppm. At these two offsets, both the mean Ssat/S0 and the mean MTRasym values in the cerebellum and brain stem are significantly different between EAE and naïve mice (P < 0.05). Immunofluorescent staining validated the presence of neuroinflammation, with IBA1‐positive cells detected throughout the hindbrain including the cerebellum and brain stem. Follow‐up MRI at the symptom onset (score = 1.5–2.5, 13 days post‐induction) confirmed gadolinium‐enhanced periventricular lesions. CEST Z‐spectra signals also changed by this time. The proposed three‐level histogram‐oriented analysis is simple to execute and robust for detecting subtle changes in Z‐spectra signals, which does not require a priori knowledge of damage locations or contributing offset components. CEST MRI signals at 1 and 2 ppm were sensitive to the subtle pathological changes at an early stage in EAE mice, and have potential as novel imaging biomarkers complementary to functional and physiological MRI measures.
Results of a prospective clinical trial JN‐L‐10 using image‐defined risk factors to inform surgical decisions for children with low‐risk neuroblastoma disease: A report from the Japan Children's Cancer Group Neuroblastoma Committee
Authors: Iehara Tomoko , Yoneda Akihiro , Yokota Isao , Takahashi Hideto , Teramukai Satoshi , Kamijyo Takehiko , Nakazawa Atsuko , Takimoto Tetsuya , Kikuta Atsushi , Yagyu Shigeki , Ikeda Hitoshi , Nakagawara Akira , Tajiri Tatsuro ,   Japan Childhood Cancer Group Neuroblastoma Committee (JNBSG)
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe present study sought to reduce the incidence of treatment complications of low‐risk neuroblastoma by using image‐defined risk factors (IDRFs) to inform the timing of surgical resection.ProceduresEligible patients included children (<18 years of age) with stage 1 or 2 disease, children (<365 days of age) with stage 3 disease, and infants with stage 4S disease. In IDRF‐negative cases, treatment was completed with surgical resection alone. In IDRF‐positive cases, the timing of surgery was determined based on the IDRFs after low‐dose chemotherapy with 2‐3 of the following four drugs: vincristine, cyclophosphamide, pirarubicin, and carboplatin. The outcome measures were overall survival, progression‐free survival, and adverse events. This study was registered with the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (number 000004355).ResultsOf the 60 patients screened between 2010 and 2013, 58 eligible patients were enrolled; 32 were identified as IDRF negative at diagnosis while 26 were identified as IDRF positive and underwent induction chemotherapy. The 3‐year overall and progression‐free survival rates of the 58 patients were 100% and 82.8% (95% confidence interval: 70.3‐90.3), respectively. Neutropenia was the most frequently reported grade 3 or 4 chemotherapy‐related form of toxicity (41.7%). With regard to surgical complications, 2.5% of all patients developed pleural effusion and ascites as early complications, while only 2.5% developed renal atrophy as a long‐term complication. No fatal toxicities were observed.ConclusionUsing IDRFs to inform surgical decision making for the treatment of low‐risk neuroblastoma improved prognosis and reduced the incidence of long‐term complications.
How I approach hereditary cancer predisposition in a child with cancer
Authors: Kuhlen Michaela , Wieczorek Dagmar , Siebert Reiner , Frühwald Michael C. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractApproximately 10% of all children with cancer are affected by a monogenic cancer predisposition syndrome. This has important implications for both the child and her/his family. The assessment of hereditary cancer predisposition is a challenging task for clinicians and genetic counselors in daily routine. It includes consideration of tumor genetics, specific features of the patient, and the medical/family history. To keep up with the pace of this rapidly evolving and increasingly complex field of genetic susceptibility, we suggest a systematic approach for the evaluation of the child with cancer and her/his family by an interdisciplinary team specialized in hereditary cancer predisposition.
Enthalpic effect of polyacrylonitrile on the concentrated solutions in dimethyl sulfoxide: Strong thixotropic behavior and formation of bound solvents
Authors: Eom Youngho , Ju Hyejin , Kim Byoung C. , Chae Han G. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTThe effect of dipole–dipole interaction by nitrile groups of PAN on the bound state of solvent molecules and the concentrated solution properties in DMSO was investigated. Variation of a solution viscosity exhibited three overlap concentrations, C1*, C2*, and C3*, at 2.7, 8.6, and 16.3 wt%, respectively, representing the transition of concentration regions in the order of dilute, unentangled‐semi dilute, entangled‐semi dilute, and concentrated regions. The two‐dimensional mapping of FT‐IR analysis and dielectric measurement confirmed that the intermolecular interaction of PAN was suddenly enhanced at the C*s, inducing polarization to DMSO. In the ice‐melting process of PAN solutions, two different melting peaks (Tm2 and Tm3) of DMSO newly appeared at each C2* and C3*, suggesting the different types of bound solvents. In the concentrated solutions, the saturated dielectric constant and the strongly delayed evaporation of the solvent even at the boiling point of DMSO along with strong thixotropic behavior were indicative of the stronger confinement state of bound DMSO than in the semidilute solutions. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 1080–1089
“I've found it's very meaningful work”: Perspectives of physiotherapists providing palliative care in Ontario
Authors: McLeod Katherine E. , Norman Kathleen E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to describe insights from interviews about the experience of physiotherapists providing palliative care in Ontario and their perceptions of the role and value of physiotherapists' involvement in palliative care.MethodsWe conducted interviews with physiotherapists in Ontario, Canada (n = 14), and received emailed submissions from two others (one physiotherapist and one physiotherapy student) with current or recent practice experience in palliative care. We conducted inductive thematic analysis of the interview data and emailed submissions.ResultsParticipants' reflections were categorized into three major themes: perceived value of the contribution of physiotherapists in palliative care; the experience of providing physiotherapy in palliative care; and reflections on the palliative care system. Participants described their role in palliative care as diverse, driven by patient goals and focused on the experience of patients and families. Participants perceived a high value in collaborative networks for supporting them to fulfill their role in palliative care settings. Participants also recommended efforts to increase awareness of the potential for physiotherapists to contribute to palliative care.ConclusionsThe findings confirm those of research in other jurisdictions and extend our understanding of the value and meaningfulness of physiotherapy in palliative care, to patients, families, and physiotherapists themselves.
Novel β‐amino Amide Organocatalysts for the Synthesis of Pharmaceutically Relevant Oxindoles
Authors: Gavendova Mariana , Lennon Claire M. , Coffey Lee , Manesiotis Panagiotis , Kinsella Michael 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this work, a series of novel organocatalysts derived from unique unnatural β‐amino acid scaffold were synthesized and further developed to enhance the desired catalytic properties. Their evaluation was carried out in the asymmetric crossed‐aldol condensation of isatin and enolizable ketone donors. Following a systematic study of the reaction parameters including variations of additive, solvent, temperature, catalyst loading and substrate scope, (1R,2R)‐2‐amino‐N‐((R)‐1‐phenylethyl)cyclohexane carboxamide 9 proved particularly successful, affording the corresponding 3‐hydroxy‐3‐alkyl‐2‐oxindole in excellent yield (>99%) and distereoselectivity (>99% dr) with good enantioselective control (up to 52% ee) in the presence of p‐nitrophenol and EtOH in <24 h. An added benefit of this catalyst was its catalytic activity and selectivity at room temperature eliminating the requirement of reduced reaction temperatures. This scaffold, comprising of β‐amino amide, has not yet been applied in organocatalysis, thus, this is the first reported in this growing area. In mechanistic studies, direct infusion ESI‐MS proved a valuable tool forproposal of the catalytic cycle, confirming the formation of 2 key reaction intermediates.
Analysis of flexural natural vibrations of thin‐walled box beams using higher order beam theory
Authors: Jiang Lizhong , Yu Jian , Zhou Wangbao , Feng Yulin , Chai Xilin 
Published: July 2019

SummaryIn order to study the influence of high‐order shear deformations and shear lag on the dynamic characteristics of thin‐walled box beams (TWBBs), this paper takes the Hamilton principle as a basis to consider multiple factors such as high‐order shear deformations, shear lag, and cross section rotary inertia of the TWBBs. The vibration differential equations and natural boundary conditions of TWBBs are deduced. On the basis of eight examples of TWBBs with different boundary conditions and span–width ratios, analytical results of this paper are compared with those of the ANSYS finite element method. Both results are in good agreement with each other, and the validity of the calculation method is verified. The effects of higher order shear deformations and shear lag on natural vibration characteristics of TWBBs are analyzed. And some meaningful conclusions are drawn: This theory shows the capability to accurately describe both higher order deformations and shear lag; when the span–width ratio is small, neglecting higher order web deformations will produce a large calculation error; under the action of shear lag, the natural vibration frequency of TWBBs decreases greatly, which cannot be neglected; and both the high‐order shear deformations and shear lag effect increase with increasing mode order and increase with decreasing span–width ratio.
On the theoretical and numerical stability of the thermoviscoelastic Bresse system
Authors: EL Arwadi Toufic , Copetti Maria Inês M. , Youssef Wael 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we shall study the stability of the Bresse system where the equations are damped by the dissipation from the viscoelasticity and the thermoelasticity. The thermoviscoelastic Bresse beam is a generalization of the thermoviscoelastic Timoshenko beam. Theoretically, we prove the exponential decay of the energy. Later, we introduce and study an implicit Euler type scheme based on finite differences in time and finite elements in space. We show that the discrete energy decreases in time and obtain error estimates. At the end, numerical simulations are presented.
Treatment of Recurrent Dislocation after Total Hip Arthroplasty Using Advanced Imaging and Three-Dimensional Modeling Techniques: A Case Series
Authors: Sutphen Sean A. , Lipman Joseph D. , Jerabek Seth A. , Mayman David J. , Esposito Christina I. 
Published: July 2019

Background Surgical treatment options for addressing recurrent dislocation after total hip arthroplasty (THA) vary. Identifying impingement mechanisms in an unstable THA may be beneficial in determining appropriate treatment. Questions/Purposes We sought to assess the effectiveness of developing pre-operative plans for treating hip instability after THA. We used advanced imaging and three-dimensional modeling techniques to perform impingement analyses in patients with unstable THA. Methods We evaluated a series of eight patients who would require revision THA to treat recurrent dislocation. Using a pre-operative algorithmic approach, we built patient-specific models and evaluated hip range of motion with computed tomographic scanning and biplanar radiography. This information was used to determine a surgical treatment plan that was then executed intra-operatively. Patients were followed for 2 years to determine whether they experienced another hip dislocation following treatment. Results Pre-operative kinematic modeling showed four of the eight patients had limited hip range of motion during flexion and internal rotation; a prominent anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) was found to limit hip range of motion in some of these cases. In the other four patients, range of motion was acceptable, suggesting soft-tissue causes of dislocation. No patients in this series experienced dislocation after undergoing revision THA. Conclusion Advanced modeling techniques may be useful for identifying the impingement mechanisms responsible for instability after THA. Once variables contributing to limited hip range of motion are identified, surgeons can develop treatment plans to improve patient outcomes. Resecting a hypertrophic AIIS may improve hip range of motion and may be an important consideration for hip surgeons when revising unstable THAs.