bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and characterizations of chitosan–octanoate nanoparticles for efficient delivery of curcumin into prostate cancer cells
Authors: Bani-Jaber Ahmad , Taha Safaa , Abu-Dahab Rana , Abdullah Samaa , El-Sabawi Dina , Al-Masud Alaa A. , Aodah Alhassan H. , Altamimi Abeer A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe goal of the research was to develop a hydrophobic octanoate salt of chitosan (CS–OA) and use the salt as a nanoparticle platform for the delivery of curcumin (CUR) into prostate cancer cells. The nanoprecipitation technique was used to prepare the nanoparticles, which were measured for particle size and encapsulation efficacy relative to CUR–CS nanoparticles. The cytotoxicity of CUR–OA–CS nanoparticles was evaluated in prostate cancerous cells (PC3 and DU145) in comparison with the corresponding blank nanoparticles and hydroalcoholic CUR solution. PXRD, SEM, and TEM were also used to examine the CUR–CS–OA nanoparticles. The average diameters of the CUR–CS–OA and CUR–CS nanoparticles were 268.90 ± 3.77 nm and 221.90 ± 2.79 nm, respectively, with encapsulation efficiencies of 61.37 ± 1.70% and 60.20 ± 3.17%. PXRD and SEM suggested CUR amorphization in the CS–OA nanoparticles. The void nanoparticles exhibited concentration-dependent antiproliferative action, which was attributed to the cellular uptake of CS. CUR loading into these nanoparticles increased their cytotoxicity even more. The potential of CS–OA nanoparticles as a special delivery system for additional cytotoxic drugs into different malignant cells can be further explored.
How to Make a Difference in the Anthropocene? On Stiegler’s Call for Bifurcation
Authors: Ritter Martin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCharacterizing the contemporary world as massively entropic and pointing to the proletarianization of human beings, Bernard Stiegler claims that we need to “bifurcate”. This paper clarifies what he means by bifurcation and examines the conditions necessary for its occurrence. After explaining how Stiegler’s general organology provides a framework for his assessment of our present, the paper focuses on how humans can become capable of producing bifurcations. Emphasizing that bifurcation must occur in relation to technology, the paper identifies it as an inventive dis-closure of a current system that transforms both technology and us through the creation of knowledge. It then shows that although the problem of our time is primarily one of automatization, we must deal with it through internalization rather than disautomatization. Our very humanity is being disrupted because we are not realizing the possibilities offered by the development of technology, and this can only be achieved if we internalize technology. The process of internalizing technology is itself bifurcative and enables us to overcome our proletarianization.
Notes on the variance of a pseudo-weighted estimator for selection bias correction
Authors: Scholtus Sander , Liu An-Chiao , de Waal Ton 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes analytical variance estimation formulas for the estimated population mean from an extended pseudo weighting method developed by [1] (LSdW). LSdW is meant to correct selection bias in a nonprobability sample, also when the nonprobability sample or the reference probability sample has a large inclusion fraction. Since samples with large inclusion fractions often require massive computation resources, having an analytical expression for the variance will be more time-efficient compared to resampling methods. In addition, we show that LSdW is a consistent estimator of the population mean under certain assumptions. To deal with different designs of the probability sample, probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling and simple random sampling (SRS) are considered, and the variance estimator formulas are given accordingly. The proposed formulas are evaluated by a simulation study and it shows that the proposed formulas give reasonable estimates in terms of relative bias and coverage of the confidence interval.
Unsupervised machine learning-based multi-attributes analysis for enhancing gas channel detection and facies classification in the serpent field, offshore Nile Delta, Egypt
Authors: El-Dabaa Shaimaa A. , Metwalli Farouk I. , Maher Ali , Ismail Amir 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe prediction of highly heterogeneous reservoir parameters from seismic amplitude data is a major challenge. Seismic attribute analysis can enhance the tracking of subtle stratigraphic features. It is challenging to investigate these subtle features, including channel systems, with conventional-amplitude seismic data. Over the past few years, the use of machine learning (ML) to analyze multiple seismic attributes has enhanced the facies analysis by mapping patterns in seismic data. The purpose of this research was to assess the efficiency of an unsupervised self-organizing map (SOM) approach supported by multi-attribute analysis that could improve gas channel detection and seismic facies classification in Serpent Field, offshore Nile Delta, Egypt. As well as evaluates the importance of several available seismic attributes in reservoir characterization rather than analyzing individual attribute volumes. In this study, the single attribute (spectral decomposition attribute) highlighted the gas channel spatial distribution using three distinct frequency magnitude values. Subsequently, we employ principal component analysis (PCA) as an attribute selection method, discovering that combining seismic attributes such as sweetness, envelope, spectral magnitude, and spectral voice as input for SOM reflects an effective method to determine facies. The clustering results distinguish between shale, shaly sand, wet sand, and gas-saturated sand and identify gas–water contact on a 2D topological map (SOM), where each pattern indicates certain facies. This is achieved by associating the SOM outputs with lithofacies determined from petrophysical logs. Reducing exploration and development risk and empowering the geoscientist to generate a more precise interpretation are the ultimate objectives of this multi-attribute analysis.
Review of anaerobic digestion models for organic solid waste treatment with a focus on the fates of C, N, and P
Authors: Yang Zheng , Larsen Oliver Christopher , Muhayodin Furqan , Hu Jiawei , Xue Bing , Rotter Vera Susanne 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a widely applied technology for renewable energy generation, environmental impact mitigation, and nutrient recycling. Despite its potential, critical gaps exist in modeling AD processes, particularly in understanding and predicting the fates of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P)—essential elements for advancing circular nutrient management. This review addresses two key questions: What are the limitations of current AD models in simulating nutrient fates, and how can future models improve these predictions? Our findings indicate that most AD models emphasize methane production, while models addressing nutrient transformations remain limited due to the complex biochemical interactions in AD systems. Mechanistic models, such as the Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 (ADM1), provide a foundational framework but are constrained by their complexity and the need for precise calibration, which limits scalability in larger applications. Emerging advances in artificial intelligence, particularly machine learning, offer promising solutions by enhancing model accuracy and predictive capabilities. AI-driven models enable real-time optimization and adaptive decision-making, which can expand AD applications at industrial scales. Future research should focus on integrating nutrient fate predictions with AI-driven methods to address these challenges, enhancing the role of AD in sustainable waste treatment systems.
Religiosität und heterodoxe Wirklichkeitskonstruktionen innerhalb digitaler muslimischer Communities im Kontext der Corona-Pandemie. Eine explorative Analyse von Facebook-Diskussionen
Authors: Weinmann Katharina 
Published: November 2024

Zusammenfassung
Die vergangenen Jahre waren weltweit von der Corona-Pandemie geprägt, welche von erheblichen gesellschaftlichen Transformationsprozessen begleitet wurde. Die plötzlich und unvorhergesehen eingetretene pandemische Lage leistete der Entstehung von heterodoxen Deutungen Vorschub, welche mit alternativen Erklärungsansätzen für die außergewöhnliche Situation aufwarteten. Besonders kontrovers wurde die Corona-Schutzimpfung diskutiert, deren (Nicht)Inanspruchnahme häufig mit widerstreitenden Wirklichkeitskonstruktionen begründet wurde. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Untersuchung sind 50 Diskussionsbeiträge aus muslimischen Facebook-Gruppen entlang der Grounded-Theory-Methodologie ausgewertet worden. Im Fokus der Analyse standen die zentralen Deutungs- und Erklärungsmuster von Menschen muslimischen Glaubens, welche diese im Kontext der Corona-Schutzimpfung im Speziellen und der Corona-Pandemie im Allgemeinen zum Ausdruck brachten. Auf diese Weise kann nachvollzogen werden, wie Muslim:innen heterodoxe ‚profane‘ Deutungen aufgreifen, diese mit religiösen Wissensbeständen verbinden und ferner, welche Nihilierungsstrategien sie zur Abwehr heterodoxer Deutungen einsetzen. Auf Basis dieser Untersuchung konnten schließlich drei Idealtypen differenziert werden, welche sich substanziell in der Art und Weise der Deutung und Erklärung gesellschaftlicher Phänomene unterscheiden. Im Einklang mit vorhandener Forschung zeigt sich ein ambivalenter Einfluss von Religiosität auf die Offenheit für heterodoxe Wirklichkeitsbestimmungen.
The Relation Between Cardinal Axes, Spatial Cells and Navigation Performance
Authors: Korte Annika , Keil Julian , Dickmann Frank 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObtaining unbiased spatial information is a prerequisite for accurate spatial orientation, navigation, and spatial memory. Common sources for obtaining such spatial information are 2D maps and 3D visualizations of space. However, the exact way external spatial representations are integrated into a cognitive map is still not fully understood. Currently, there is much research on the cells forming the spatial map in the hippocampal and parahippocampal cortices. In interaction with other cell types, grid cells appear to play a dominant role in the formation of the cognitive spatial map. Grid cells are characterized by repeated firing fields arranged in a sixfold rotational symmetry. Using a path integration task, we investigated whether artificial spatial elements mirroring the sixfold rotational symmetry can improve navigation performance. This would be an indication that grid cells respond to these artificial elements. In the reported study, we investigated the influence of artificial cardinal axes arranged with 60° (matched to grid cell symmetry) and 30° (mismatched to grid cell symmetry) angles in a reduced 3D spatial environment. Although, the results are not conclusive, they do indicate a trend that participants benefit from a 60° angle in trials with moderate difficulty. Thus, we found the first evidence that mirroring their sixfold rotational symmetry with artificial cardinal axes may trigger grid cells. Future studies should investigate this connection in more detail and a virtual 3D environment shown by head-mounted displays. This might lead to a more detailed insight into the neuropsychological mechanisms underlying the transfer from maps and 3D environments in the cognitive map and how this can be optimized.
Pediatric palliative care in Brazil: reflections on end of life based on geographic mapping
Authors: Ferreira Esther Angélica Luiz , Saito Leandro , Sarracini Maycon Rodrigo , Bruno Cristina Helena , Mattos Augustus Relo , Valete Cristina Ortiz Sobrinho , Reiff Rodrigo Bezerra de Menezes 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Introduction
In Brazil, a country of continental dimensions, the lack of services in the different regions is a major barrier that prevents patients from accessing Pediatric Palliative Care (PPC). If accessing PPC is already challenging, end-of-life care for these patients may also be difficult. Therefore, this study is based on a recent mapping effort, aimed at reflecting on the end-of-life care for children in Palliative Care in Brazil.

Method
Descriptive, cross-sectional study, and online survey research, based on a larger study of Palliative Care Network.

Results
The final sample comprised 90 Pediatric Palliative Care services, which proved to be unevenly distributed across the country. Many services lack a minimum team, 40% face difficulties accessing opioids, and one-third do not provide bereavement care.

Discussion
There should be more services with better distribution across the country, and a minimum team should be required to provide adequate care for children and adolescents. Strategies to improve symptom control and grief support should be introduced.

Conclusions
It is concluded that continuing education and the inclusion of relevant topics in health courses are necessary. Additionally, health service managers must expand their focus to address these issues effectively.
Topical 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy versus loop electrosurgical excision procedure in the treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
Authors: Liu Yidi , Li Yi , Wu Huan , Wang Ying , Zeng Jing , Li Hui , Qiu Haixia , Gu Ying 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Objective
To compare effectiveness of topical 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy (5-ALA PDT) and loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) among patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN).

Methods
We retrospectively identified patients who underwent either 5-ALA PDT or LEEP from Sep. 2012 to Dec. 2019 in Chinese PLA general hospital. Patients’ outcomes were compared according to the HPV genotyping, cytological tests within 3–6-month follow-up post-treatment, the pathological examination would be performed if the cytological results indicated the risk of CIN. Propensity score matching (PSM) was adapted to pair the baseline. Complete remission (CR), partial remission (PR) and the remission rate of HPV infections were used to evaluate the efficacy of 5-ALA PDT versus LEEP.

Results
In total, 30 pairs were matched as the matching tolerance was set as 0.03. There was no significant difference about the CR and PR between 5-ALA PDT and LEEP group (73.33% vs 84.00%, P = 0.340; 3.33% vs 4.00%, P = 1.000). Among different CIN group, there was no statistic difference between 5-ALA PDT and LEEP. Moreover, in terms of HPV remission rate, 5-ALA PDT showed the same efficacy as LEEP (59.26% vs 53.85%, P = 0.691).

Conclusions
In essence, topical 5-ALA PDT emerges as a non-invasive, repeatable procedure with minimal side effects for cervical lesions, preserving cervical structure. Overall, the efficacy of 5-ALA PDT is comparable to LEEP in achieving successful outcomes.
Characterization of cellular heterogeneity in milk from healthy bovine mammary glands
Authors: Perez-Hernandez Gabriela , Lengi Andrea J. , Makris Melissa , Corl Benjamin A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Somatic cells (SCs) in milk are a heterogeneous population composed of several subsets of cells. However, a complete understanding of this heterogeneity in cow’s milk remains elusive. This study aimed to characterize heterogeneity within mammary epithelial (MEC) and immune cell subpopulations from healthy Holstein cows. An initial cell characterization of SC populations was completed using a single milk collection (3.8 L) from a base population of 25 multiparous Holstein cows to identify MEC and immune cells using flow cytometry with Butyrophilin 1A1 (BTN) and CD45 as cell surface markers. From the base population, 5 multiparous cows (≥300 days in milk (DIM), ≤162 × 103 SC/mL, and milk yield (MY) ≥ 25 kg/d) were selected for fluorescence activated cell sorting and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis. A single-cell-suspension of approximately 1,000 sorted cells was prepared from each cow for characterization using scRNA-seq. Gel beads and barcodes were generated, cDNA amplified, cDNA sequencing libraries constructed and sequenced. After data normalization, scaling, and filtering control, two CD45+ databases were generated. The CD45+ databases contained 923 and 851 single cells, each comprising 17,771 and 12,156 features, respectively. Principal component analysis revealed seven and eight distinguishing clusters. Based on marker expression, most immune cells present in the samples were T cells (CD3E and PTPRC). Three different T cell subpopulations were revealed: helpers (CD4), cytotoxic (CD8A and CD8B), and regulatory T cells (IL2RA). The remaining four clusters were composed of granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils; TLR4 and CXCL8), macrophages (PTPRC, CD14, CD68, TL2, IL1B), and a small population of B cells (CD19, CD22, and MS4A1). The study and characterization of immune cell subpopulations present in milk provide a basis for developing greater insights into mammary gland immune function, offering potential avenues for enhancing animal health and milk production in the future.
Analysis and optimization design of motion characteristics for a 3-

P

UU/

R

parallel ankle joint rehabilitation mechanism
Authors: Chen Xuechan , Liu Jianxin , Dong Jin an , Zhang Zhouhao , Guo Yu , Xiao Bo , Chen Ziming 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe large number of patients with ankle injuries and the high incidence make ankle rehabilitation an urgent health problem. However, there is a certain degree of difference between the motion of most ankle rehabilitation robots and the actual axis of the human ankle. To achieve more precise ankle joint rehabilitation training, this paper proposes a novel 3-PUU/R parallel ankle rehabilitation mechanism that integrates with the human ankle joint axis. Moreover, it provides comprehensive ankle joint motion necessary for effective rehabilitation. The mechanism has four degrees of freedom (DOFs), enabling plantarflexion/dorsiflexion, eversion/inversion, internal rotation/external rotation, and dorsal extension of the ankle joint. First, based on the DOFs of the human ankle joint and the variation pattern of the joint axes, a 3-PUU/R parallel ankle joint rehabilitation mechanism is designed. Based on the screw theory, the inverse kinematics inverse, complete Jacobian matrix, singular characteristics, and workspace analysis of the mechanism are conducted. Subsequently, the motion performance of the mechanism is analyzed based on the motion/force transmission indices and the constraint indices. Then, the performance of the mechanism is optimized according to human physiological characteristics, with the motion/force transmission ratio and workspace range as optimization objectives. Finally, a physical prototype of the proposed robot was developed, and experimental tests were performed to evaluate the above performance of the proposed robot. This study provides a good prospect for improving the comfort and safety of ankle joint rehabilitation from the perspective of human-machine axis matching.
Assessing the utility of atrial fibrillation induction to risk stratify children with Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome
Authors: Apfel Gabriel , Choi Nak Hyun , Silver Eric S. , Liberman Leonardo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackground:Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome is associated with sudden cardiac death from rapid conduction through the accessory pathway in atrial fibrillation. Adult patients are at higher risk for sudden cardiac death if the shortest-pre-excited-RR-interval in atrial fibrillation (SPERRI) is ≤250 milliseconds (msec) during electrophysiologic study. Exclusive conduction through the atrioventricular node in atrial fibrillation is presumed to convey lower risk. The shortest-pre-excited-paced-cycle-length with atrial pacing has also served as a marker for risk stratification.Objective:To determine accessory pathway characteristic of patients undergoing induction of atrial fibrillation during electrophysiologic study.Methods:We reviewed 321 pediatric patients that underwent electrophysiologic study between 2010 and 2019. Induction of atrial fibrillation was attempted on patients while on isoproterenol and SPERRI was measured if atrial fibrillation was induced. Shortest-pre-excited-paced-cycle-length (SPPCL) was determined while on isoproterenol.Results:Atrial fibrillation was induced in 233 (73%) patients. Of those, 104 (45%) patients conducted exclusively through the atrioventricular node during atrial fibrillation (Group A). The remaining 129 (55%) patients had some conduction through the accessory pathway (Group B). In Group A, SPPCL was 260 msec with 48 (46%) conducting through the accessory pathway at ≤250 msec. In Group B, SPPCL was 240 msec with 92 patients (71%) conducting at ≤250 msec (p < 0.05). In Group B, SPERRI was 250 msec and had a positive correlation with SPPCL (p < 0.001, R2 = 0.28). Almost half (46%) of those with exclusive conduction through the atrioventricular node in atrial fibrillation had rapid accessory pathway conduction with atrial pacing.Conclusion:Conduction in atrial fibrillation during electrophysiologic study on isoproterenol via the atrioventricular node may not exclude high-risk accessory pathways in pediatric patients.
The paradox of effective altruism
Authors: Kopczewski Tomasz , Okhrimenko Iana 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Normative reasoning within the mainstream economic framework has been largely shaped by utilitarian ethics. The growing popularity of effective altruism indicates that the utilitarian spirit has also permeated the sphere of social sentiment, evaluating our pro-social behaviour and charitable giving in terms of efficiency. The present study assesses the appropriateness of judging social outcomes through the prism of allocative efficiency by questioning to what extent the society of effective altruists is robust, sustainable, and resilient. Using computer simulations based on the dictator game, we demonstrate that a society of welfare-maximising effective altruists can achieve an optimal outcome alongside equality under extremely restrictive assumptions, such as the uniformity of giving strategies (i.e. interacting with other effective altruists exclusively) and initial equality of wealth distribution. Yet, in the world of unequal opportunities, utilitarian giving tends to increase wealth disparity. In addition, in polymorphic societies, effective altruists underperform compared to deontological (or unconditional) altruists. Consequently, we demonstrate that striving for allocative efficiency might undermine the equality and resilience objectives and question whether the former should remain the dominant economic normative principle.
A 28-nm E-band low noise amplifier with minimum 3.8 dB noise figure
Authors: Huang Tian-Wei , Chung Chuan-Li , Liang You-Jen , Bai Wei-Ting , Li Yung-Pei , Tsai Jeng-Han 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a three-stage E-band low-noise amplifier (LNA) fabricated in a 28-nm Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor High-Performance Compact Plus process. The proposed E-band LNA achieves a peak gain of 16.8 dB, exhibiting a gain variation of less than ±0.5 dB across the frequency range of 67.8–90.4 GHz. The measured 3-dB gain bandwidth spans from 64 to 93.8 GHz, and the minimum measured noise figure (NF) is 3.8 dB. By employing a one-stage common-source with a two-stage cascode topology, the proposed E-band LNA demonstrates competitiveness in terms of gain flatness and NF when compared to recently published E-band CMOS LNAs.