bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterising patient complaints in out-of-hours general practice: a retrospective cohort study in Ireland
Authors: Wallace Emma , Cronin Sinead , Murphy Norah , Cheraghi-Sohi Sudeh , MacSweeney Kate , Bates Mel , Fahey Tom 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundPatient complaints can provide valuable insights into the quality and safety of clinical care. Studies examining the epidemiology of complaints in out-of-hours general practice internationally are limited.AimTo characterise patient complaints in an out-of-hours general practice setting.Design and settingRetrospective cohort study of patient complaints to an out-of-hours service provider in Dublin, Ireland, over a 5-year period (2011–2016). This comprises nurse-led telephone triage and GP consultations for patients with urgent problems.MethodA modified version of the UK Healthcare Complaints Analysis Tool (HCAT) was utilised to code complaints, which were reviewed independently in duplicate by two academic GPs.ResultsOf 445 598 telephone contacts, 303 085 resulted in face-to-face GP consultations. Of 234 patients who made 298 complaints, 185 (79%) related to GP care. The remainder related to nurse triage, other staff, and management issues. A total of 109 (46%) related to children aged ≤18 years, and 134 (58%) of complainants were female. There were 0.61 complaints per 1000 GP consultations. Most complaints (n = 126, 42%) were in relation to clinical care problems, largely diagnosis and prescribing. Common themes included unmet management expectations and clinical examination dissatisfaction. Inter-rater reliability was 90% (κ statistic 0.84, 95% confidence interval = 0.80 to 0.88). Following internal investigation, 158 (85%) of GP-related complaints were managed effectively by the out-of-hours service.ConclusionThe majority of complaints related to clinical care problems and were successfully managed locally. Expectation management may be an important way to mitigate the risk of complaints.
Primary hyperparathyroidism and non-medullary thyroid cancer- A review
Authors: El-Boueiz Nathalie , Salti Ibrahim 
Published: November 2018

Background:
The association of thyroid disease and primary hyperparathyroidism is well described, with thyroid carcinoma being reported in 2-15% of cases. The most commonly associated carcinoma is non-medullary thyroid cancer. While the association of PHPT and medullary thyroid cancer (MCT) is well known, that of NMTC, despite its increasing incidence, is still not established. Our study is a review of incidence and underlying mechanisms of non-medullary thyroid cancer associated with PHPT. Also, best imaging tools for concomitant diagnosis is reviewed to ensure an adequate plan of care.
Methods & findings:
A search was done using two databases: Medline & Embase. The search conducted from the period of 2008 until April 2018 yielded a total of 142 studies. After an adequate screening, 26 studies were reviewed.
Incidence of DTC in association with PHPT in the literature ranged between 0.91% and 17.6%. The main histological thyroid malignancy found is micropapillary carcinoma. Despite its less aggressive presentation, these microcarcinomas may grow or develop nodal metastases on follow up. Although bilateral neck exploration with hemi/total thyroidectomy carries the risk of temporary recurrent laryngeal nerve injury or hypoparathyroidism, permanent complications are rare especially when compared to re-do neck surgery. Recently, parathyroid surgeries are going towards minimal invasive procedures, requiring an adequate imaging tool to ensure diagnosis of both diseases. Multiple risk factors for concomitant diseases were hypothesized, the more robust are the common embryologic origin and activation of angiogenic growth factors.
Conclusion:
NMTC is frequently associated with PHPT especially in endemic goiter areas. With the high prevalence of micropapillary carcinoma and its risks, a partial/total thyroidectomy in addition to parathyroidectomy may be warranted. With the recent need of adequate diagnostic tools, combining both Technetium Sestamibi scintigraphy and thyroid ultrasound improved sensitivities and accuracy of diagnosis, but dual-isotope scintigraphy (I-123 sodium iodide/ 99mTc-sestamibi) seems an attractive modality in hyperparathyroid patients with concomitant suspicious thyroid nodules. However, further studies for validation may be needed.
Travail et psychologie : Vygotski avec Spinoza
Authors: Clot Yves 
Published: November 2018

L’article cherche, à partir d’exemples, à rendre la psychologie du travail discutable par des philosophes. Avec Lev Vygotski, un psychologue russe décédé en 1934, on soutient une position empruntant beaucoup à Spinoza, en particulier sur la question de l’affect. S’agissant du travail, on explore la liaison entre l’éthique, la psychologie et la politique.
Interspecific variation in life history traits of Elasmostethus (Hemiptera: Acanthosomatidae)
Authors: Kudo S. , Yamamoto Aki , Ichita Tadao , Tatsuta Haruki 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLife history traits, such as clutch size, egg size (weight), developmental periods of eggs, and female body (abdomen) size, were investigated in Japanese species of the genus Elasmostethus Fieber (Hemiptera: Acanthosomatidae): E. amabilis Yamamoto, E. brevis Lindberg, E. humeralis Jakovlev, E. interstinctus (Linnaeus), E. kerzhneri Yamamoto, and E. nubilus (Dallas). With the exception of clutch size, significant differences were observed in the traits among species. No species exhibited maternal care of eggs. These data form a solid basis for future comparative analyses in the family Acanthosomatidae, which contains both subsocial and asocial species.
A review of vision screening methods for children
Authors: Metsing Ingrid T. , Jacobs Wanda , Hansraj Rekha 
Published: November 2018

Background: What constitutes an appropriate vision screening protocol is controversial, because the tests or methods are expected to be cost-effective, expedient and easy but efficient in detecting visual anomalies among children.Aim: This review intends to compare the different vision screening tests for children and methods in the interest of identifying the most effective screening method from the standpoint of validity, public acceptance, expediency and cost.Method: The literature search was performed for this review using the Medline, Science Direct and EBSCOhost databases. The search terms used were vision screening methods or tests, children’s vision screenings, computer software programs and vision screening instruments. The inclusion criteria for the articles reviewed were all types of articles related to vision screening methods. The exclusion criteria were all articles for which full text was not available and those not available in English. Eighty articles were analysed, of which 33 were found to have complied with the inclusion criteria and were selected. From the first round of articles retrieved, additional references were identified by a manual search among the cited references.Results: Evidence from the literature reviewed demonstrated that the conventional vision screening method (isolated and combination tests) is the method commonly used to detect a range of relevant visual anomalies among the schoolgoing age group (≥ 6 years) and drew attention to the need for training of vision screening personnel. However, in addition to the conventional method, other vision screening methods include instruments as an adjunct for screening preschoolers and those difficult to screen (≤ 6 years).Conclusion: Inconsistencies in what constitutes an appropriate vision screening method still exist, especially with the booming market of using computer software programs, which still needs to be validated.
detasFLEX – A computational design tool for the analysis of various notch flexure hinges based on non-linear modeling
Authors: Henning Stefan , Linß Sebastian , Zentner Lena 
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Notch flexure hinges are commonly used in compliant mechanisms for precision engineering applications and yet important rotational properties of a hinge like the bending stiffness, maximum angular deflection and rotational precision are difficult to predict accurately and simultaneously. There exist some closed-form equations and a few design tool approaches for calculating flexure hinges with particular geometries, but apart from that no comprehensive calculation program for the contour-specific analysis is known to the authors. Developed in MATLAB, this paper presents a novel computational design tool using a non-linear analytical approach for large deflections of rod-like structures to calculate the elasto-kinematic flexure hinge properties by numerically solving a system of differential equations. Building on previous investigations, four certain hinge contours are implemented, the circular, the corner-filleted, the elliptical, and the power function-based contour with different exponents. In addition to the theoretical approach and the implementation it is exemplarily shown, that finite elements method (FEM) results correlate well with the analytical design tool results. For a given deflection angle of 10° and a corner-filleted contour as an example, the deviations of the bending stiffness are between 0.1 % and 9.4 % for typical parameter values. The presented design tool can be beneficial for the accelerated and systematic synthesis of compliant mechanisms with optimized flexure hinges.
A Novel Approach of Matching Mass-to-Charge Ratio for Compound Identification in Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Xie Chengyi , Yu Jiancheng , Huang Song , Gao Wenqing , Tang Keqi 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Background: Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is one of the mostwidely used analytical techniques for analyzing chemical or biological samples in many fields. One of the most important approaches for the identification of compound in GC-MS is to compare an experimental mass spectrum with a compound recorded in a reference spectral library through a spectrum-matching algorithm. Objective: To develop a novel method to speed up compound identification. Method: In this study, a method based on m/z matching is proposed. Weselected the highest m/z values and m/z values corresponding to the largest peak intensities of a mass spectrum and stepwise modified the matching threshold (MTh) based on the principle of local optimum in the pre-search process. The performance of the approach is evaluated using the mass spectral library maintained by the National Institute of Standards and Technology asa reference library and repetitive mass spectra as query spectra. Results: Compared with two-step spectral library pre-search and “ten peaks,” the method based on m/z matching has higher accuracy, smaller number of remaining (missing) spectra, and shorter computational time. Conclusions: Therefore, the method can effectively speed up compound identification. Highlights: A method based on m/z matching is proposed. The accuracy is higher, the number of remaining spectra is less, and the computational time is shorter.
OpenUP Measuring Research Impact: Concepts, Methods, Limitations and Solutions
Authors: Walker Mappet , Oeben Stephanie , Walker Richard 
Published: November 2018

Watch the VIDEO.The immediate Return on Investment (ROI) for basic scientific research is scientific impact – improvements in knowledge of our physical, biological and social world. The Return on Investment (ROI) for applied research and the long-term Return on Investment for basic research is societal impact (i.e. impact on health, environment, the economy, etc.). However, many of these impacts are hard to measure and may only be apparent decades after the original investment. This creates demand from funders and policy makers for metrics that predict impacts before they can be measured. Here we define a preliminary conceptual framework describing the chain of events leading from the outputs of basic research (publications, data, software, cell lines, equipment, methodologies, theories etc.) to the outputs of applied research (products, treatments, technology components etc.) to societal, financial, health and environmental impact. We go on to discuss how these impacts are currently measured in the short term (days and weeks), the medium term (years) and the long term (decades), and to identify the main providers of impact metrics. We highlight the different ways in which research metrics are used by different categories of user (researchers, institutions, national and European policymakers). Finally, we discuss the limitations of current metrics and possible solutions.
Serum Neurofilament light correlates with CADASIL disease severity and survival
Authors: Gravesteijn Gido , Rutten Julie W. , Verberk Inge M. W. , Böhringer Stefan , Liem Michael K. , van der Grond Jeroen , Aartsma‐Rus Annemieke , Teunissen Charlotte E. , Lesnik Oberstein Saskia A. J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo validate whether serum Neurofilament Light‐chain (NfL) levels correlate with disease severity in CADASIL, and to determine whether serum NfL predicts disease progression and survival.MethodsFourty‐one (pre‐) manifest individuals with CADASIL causing NOTCH3 mutations and 22 healthy controls were recruited from CADASIL families. At baseline, MRI‐lesion load and clinical severity was determined and serum was stored. Disease progression was measured in 30/41 patients at 7‐year follow‐up, and survival of all individuals was determined at 17‐year follow‐up. Serum NfL levels were quantified using an ultra‐sensitive molecule array. Generalized estimated equation regression (GEE) was used to analyze association between serum NfL, MRI‐lesion load, disease severity, and disease progression. With GEE‐based Cox regression, survival was analyzed.ResultsAt baseline, serum NfL levels correlated with MRI‐lesion load [lacune count (s = 0.64, P = 0.002), brain atrophy (r = −0.50, P = 0.001), and microbleed count (s = 0.48, P = 0.044)], cognition [CAMCOG (s = −0.45, P = 0.010), MMSE (r = −0.61, P = 0.003), GIT (r = −0.61, P < 0.001), TMT‐A (r = 0.70, P < 0.001)) and disability (mRS (r = 0.70, P = 0.002)]. Baseline serum NfL predicted 7‐year changes in disability (B = 0.34, P < 0.001) and cognition (CAMCOG B = −4.94, P = 0.032), as well as 17‐year survival. Higher NfL levels were associated with increased mortality (HR=1.8 per twofold increase in NfL levels, P = 0.006).InterpretationSerum NfL levels correlate with disease severity, disease progression and 17‐year survival in CADASIL patients. Serum NfL is a promising biomarker to monitor and predict disease course in CADASIL, as well as potentially assessing therapeutic response in future clinical trials.
Sex differences in the genetic architecture of obsessive–compulsive disorder
Authors: Khramtsova Ekaterina A. , Heldman Raphael , Derks Eske M. , Yu Dongmei ,   Tourette Syndrome/Obsessive‐Compulsive Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Davis Lea K. , Stranger Barbara E. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a highly heritable complex phenotype that demonstrates sex differences in age of onset and clinical presentation, suggesting a possible sex difference in underlying genetic architecture. We present the first genome‐wide characterization of the sex‐specific genetic architecture of OCD, utilizing the largest set of OCD cases and controls available from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. We assessed evidence for several mechanisms that may contribute to sex differences including a sex‐dependent liability threshold, the presence of individual sex‐specific risk variants on the autosomes and the X chromosome, and sex‐specific pleiotropic effects. Furthermore, we tested the hypothesis that genetic heterogeneity between the sexes may obscure associations in a sex‐combined genome‐wide association study. We observed a strong genetic correlation between male and female OCD and no evidence for a sex‐dependent liability threshold model, suggesting that sex‐combined analysis does not suffer from widespread loss of power because of genetic heterogeneity between the sexes. While we did not detect any significant sex‐specific genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) associations, we did identify two significant gene‐based associations in females: GRID2 and GRP135, which showed no association in males. We observed that the SNPs with sexually differentiated effects showed an enrichment of regulatory variants influencing expression of genes in brain and immune tissues. These findings suggest that future studies with larger sample sizes hold great promise for the identification of sex‐specific genetic risk factors for OCD.
Visualisierung der Phasensegregation in Gemischthalogenid‐ Perowskiteinkristallen
Authors: Mao Wenxin , Hall Christopher R. , Chesman Anthony S. R. , Forsyth Craig , Cheng Yi‐Bing , Duffy Noel W. , Smith Trevor A. , Bach Udo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEs hat sich gezeigt, dass Organoblei‐Gemischthalogenid‐Perowskite (MOHPs), CH3NH3Pb(BrxI1−x)3, unter Belichtung eine Phasensegregation zu I‐reichen Domänen eingehen, was eine Herausforderung für ihre Nutzung in Photovoltaik‐ und lichtemittierenden Elementen darstellt. Auf Basis neuster Resultate wird vermutet, dass die Phasensegregation entlang der Kristallkanten lokalisiert ist, weshalb sich die Forschung auf die Rolle von Grenzstrukturen und das Züchten größerer Kristalle mit geringerer Oberfläche konzentrierte. Hier wird eine Methode zur Züchtung großer (30×30×1 μm3) monokristalliner MA(BrxI1−x)3‐Einkristalle präsentiert. Durch direkte Visualisierung des Wachstums nanoclusterartiger I‐reicher Domänen über den gesamten Kristall hinweg konnte gezeigt werden, dass für diese Transformation Korngrenzen nicht essenziell sind. Bildgebende Verfahren auf Basis schmalbandiger Fluoreszenz sowie zeitaufgelöste Spektroskopie gaben neue Einblicke in die Phasensegregationsdomänen sowie deren Auswirkungen auf optoelektronische Eigenschaften dieser Materialien.
Catalytic C1 Alkylation with Methanol and Isotope‐Labeled Methanol
Authors: Sklyaruk Jan , Borghs Jannik C. , El‐Sepelgy Osama , Rueping Magnus 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA metal‐catalyzed methylation process has been developed. By employing an air‐ and moisture‐stable manganese catalyst together with isotopically labeled methanol, a series of D‐, CD3‐, and 13C‐labeled products were obtained in good yields under mild reaction conditions with water as the only byproduct.
Reactive Dimerization of an N‐Heterocyclic Plumbylene: C−H Activation with PbII
Authors: Guthardt Robin , Oetzel Jan , Schweizer Julia I. , Bruhn Clemens , Langer Robert , Maurer Martin , Vícha Jan , Shestakova Pavletta , Holthausen Max C. , Siemeling Ulrich 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe N‐heterocyclic plumbylene [Fe{(η5‐C5H4)NSiMe3}2Pb:] is in equilibrium with an unprecedented dimer in solution, whose formation involves the cleavage of a strong C−H bond and concomitant formation of a Pb−C and an N−H bond. According to a mechanistic DFT assessment, dimer formation does not involve direct PbIIinsertion into a cyclopentadienyl C−H bond, but is best described as an electrophilic substitution. The bulkier plumbylene [Fe{(η5‐C5H4)NSitBuMe2}2Pb:] shows no dimerization, but compensates its electrophilicity by the formation of an intramolecular Fe−Pb bond.
Visualizing Phase Segregation in Mixed‐Halide Perovskite Single Crystals
Authors: Mao Wenxin , Hall Christopher R. , Chesman Anthony S. R. , Forsyth Craig , Cheng Yi‐Bing , Duffy Noel W. , Smith Trevor A. , Bach Udo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMixed organolead halide perovskites (MOHPs), CH3NH3Pb(BrxI1−x)3, have been shown to undergo phase segregation into iodide‐rich domains under illumination, which presents a major challenge to their development for photovoltaic and light‐emitting devices. Recent work suggested that phase‐segregated domains are localized at crystal boundaries, driving investigations into the role of edge structure and the growth of larger crystals with reduced surface area. Herein, a method for growing large (30×30×1 μm3) monocrystalline MAPb(BrxI1−x)3 single crystals is presented. The direct visualization of the growth of nanocluster‐like I‐rich domains throughout the entire crystal revealed that grain boundaries are not required for this transformation. Narrowband fluorescence imaging and time‐resolved spectroscopy provided new insight into the nature of the phase‐segregated domains and the collective impact on the optoelectronic properties.
Surface Modification Based on Diselenide Dynamic Chemistry: Towards Liquid Motion and Surface Bioconjugation
Authors: Xia Jiahao , Zhao Peng , Zheng Ke , Lu Chenjie , Yin Shouchun , Xu Huaping 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSurface modification is an important technique in fields, such as, self‐cleaning, surface patterning, sensing, and detection. The diselenide bond was shown to be a dynamic covalent bond that can undergo a diselenide metathesis reaction simply under visible light irradiation. Herein we develop this diselenide dynamic chemistry into a versatile surface modification method with a fast response and reversibility. The diselenide bond could be modified onto various substrates, such as, PDMS, quartz, and ITO conductive film glass. Different functional diselenide molecules could then be immobilized onto the surface via diselenide metathesis reaction. We demonstrated that by using this modification method we could achieve liquid motion in a capillary tube under light illumination. We also show that this approach has the potential to serve as an efficient modification method for surface bioconjugation, which has practical applications in clinical usage.
Exceptionally Long C−C Single Bonds in Diamino‐o‐carborane as Induced by Negative Hyperconjugation
Authors: Li Junxia , Pang Ronglin , Li Zhifang , Lai Guoqiao , Xiao Xu‐Qiong , Müller Thomas 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe synthesis of a series of 1,2‐diamino‐o‐carboranes (1–4) is reported. The molecular structures of these diamino‐o‐carboranes are remarkable as the inner‐cluster C−C bonds are all ultra‐long (162.7–193.1 pm) and vary substantially with small variations in the substituents. The results of quantum mechanical investigations suggest that the origin of the bond elongation is significant in‐plane negative hyperconjugation of lone pairs of the nitrogen substituents with the σ* orbitals of the C−C bonds in o‐carboranes.
Pd‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Ring Opening/Cross‐Coupling and Cyclopropanation of Cyclobutanones
Authors: Cao Jian , Chen Ling , Sun Feng‐Na , Sun Yu‐Li , Jiang Ke‐Zhi , Yang Ke‐Fang , Xu Zheng , Xu Li‐Wen 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA palladium‐catalyzed enantioselective sequential ring‐opening/cross‐coupling of cyclobutanones is disclosed that provides chiral indanones bearing C3‐quaternary stereocenters. The reaction process involves palladium‐catalyzed nucleophilic addition of cyclobutanones and aryl halides, enantioselective β‐carbon elimination, and intermolecular trapping of a transient σ‐alkylpalladium complex with boronic acids. Alternatively, an intramolecular cyclopropanation is realized through C−H bond functionalization in the absence of external coupling reagents, affording chiral cyclopropane‐fused‐indanones in good yields and enantioselectivity.