bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
John Rawls Theory of Justice: Lessons for Eastern Libya
Authors: Masoud Najeb 
Published: August 2018

Libya is a developing country and it has a unique culture, as any other country, with a significant position as the second largest oil producer in Africa. It has experienced dynamic changes over a short period of time. The aim of this study is to investigate the collapse of Gadhafiâ€™s regime in Libya has opened up space for new regional tensions over greater economic power and political representation, with hydrocarbon resources often used as a bargaining chip. There have been severe tensions surrounding the possible relocation of the headquarters of the National Oil Corporation (NOC) from Tripoli to Benghazi. The excessive oil profits are being taken away by foreign oil companies. Apart from that the foreign oil companies collude with corrupt government officials to disobey environmental laws. In the light of these problems, the thesis argued that Libyaâ€™s oil resource is nothing but a curse and not a blessing. The situation has gone from bad to worse because too much emphasis has been placed on long term measures instead of short-term solutions. This is not more than scratching the surface while the substance of the problem is left untouched.To achieve the aim and particular objectives of the study it was necessary to utilize more than one research method. Firstly, a descriptive method is used to provide an overview of accounting and its environment in a developing country, and the economic, social and political environment in Libya. Secondly, we choose John Rawls method of justice because it is designed to provide proposals which people cannot reasonable reject if they are committed to advance the welfare of everyone. In particular, it seeks to map the current idea which will be to develop short-term measures that no member of the current conflicts can reasonably object.The content analysis showed that the Libyan government can approach the Eastern Libya oil crisis in a short-term course. The study argued that short-term justice will help to provide the immediate needs of tens of millions of neglected and impoverished citizens of Eastern Libya region in the meantime while the government continue to work on long-term solutions to her problems.Â The findings from the method of justice as propounded by John Rawls to produce specific short-term solutions that will solve the problem of economic injustice, political marginalization, social conflicts, and revenue distribution imbroglio.
Tacit to Tacit Knowledge Sharing using ICT In Higher Education
Authors: Toro Prof. Ms. Ulka , Joshi Dr. Milind 
Published: August 2018

The creation and transfer of tacit to tacit knowledge is very important in higher education. Tacit knowledge is non-linguistic, non-numerical form of knowledge that is highly personal and context specific and deeply rooted in individual experiences, ideas, values and emotions. Since tacit knowledge cannot be specified in detail and is revealed through practice, it cannot be transmitted by prescription but can be transferred only by example or observation. Nonakaâ€™s SECI model emphasizes on tacit to tacit knowledge called as socialization. Higher education institutions are main knowledge intensive organizations. The existing research focuses on importance and sharing ofÂ tacit knowledge in higher education using different ICT tools and techniques . In order to promote lifelong learning using tacit knowledge , use of informal environment isÂ recommended.
IMPULSE PURCHASE BEHAVIOUR: A REVIEW
Authors: Mishra Amit 
Published: August 2018

For more than fifty years, researchers have strived hard to form a better understanding of impulse buying (Stern; 1962; Rook et.al; 1987; Rook and Fisher; 1995; Peck and Childers; 2006 ; Chang et.al; 2011). The purpose of this paper is to provide a detailed account of impulse buying behavior. The content analysis of various research work led to the classification ofÂ literature into various factors affecting impulse purchase decisions ,classifying products into impulse and non impulse items, behavior dimensions of impulse buying and Rook and Fisher (1995, p.305) proposed that consumers tend to control their innate impulsive tendencies as they perceive impulse buying as normatively wrong. This paper will be useful for practitioners and researchers towards understanding of impulsive behavior of consumers and will provide a better insight in.
Knowledge Management and Supply Chain Management for Creating E-business Strategy
Authors: Lee Ming-Chang 
Published: August 2018

The basic objective of the paper is to reconcile the literature on knowledge management and supply Chain management in organizations. The paper build strategy formulation, the inputs to strategy formulation process are the results of evaluating e-business technology, the business environment, plus knowledge management and Supply-Chain management to dig out the important relationships and flows of activities. Theoretical relationships are enriched by the conclusions drawn from literature review.Â It includes Supply-Chain management and Knowledge management. By studying conceptual studies, we find that different components of Knowledge Management as Knowledge activities, Knowledge types, transformation of knowledge and technology have a significant positive effect in bringing strategies through transformation of knowledge into knowledge assets in organizations.Â The strategy diagram divides implementation into the technical and the business aspects.
An Introduction of a Multi-dimensional Model for Effectiveness of e-commerce in Regulating Market and Pricing of Commodities and Services A Case Study: Selected Guilds of Iranâ€™s market
Authors: Osouli ghareh aghaji Shirin , Sanayei Ali 
Published: August 2018

In this study, we have embarked on identification and studying seminal factors composing e-commerce in Iranian context which has the greatest impact in regulating Iranian market. Factors, studied in this research, are all based on Iranian peopleâ€™s cultural and societal characteristics, and Iranian marketâ€™s (selected guilds of computer unions, cell-phone, clothes, and food) features. Reviewing essential strategies in order to regulate Iranian market together with studying e-commerce features illustrates the necessity of determining effective components of e-commerce in regulating Iranian market. This research, in terms of target, is of practical and fundamental type, and, in terms of methodology, is of descriptive kind correlation, and employs a combined method of surveying (face to face and online) and field study. To examine fundamental components of the research a questionnaire was prepared, and the researcher has also used tests of â€˜structural equation modellingâ€™ and â€˜track analysisâ€™ to corroborate the findings of the research. The results of the research showed that e-commerce is effective in regulating market and pricing goods through 5 factors, namely, electronic government, rules and regulations of e-commerce, the culture of using e-commerce, tools of E-Marketing tools and e-commerce technologies, where all factors enjoy enough integrity to compose a â€˜structural equationâ€™ pattern. Given the use of multi-layer questionnaire and mathematical concepts such as â€˜multi-dimensional matrixesâ€™, the results, found in research, are introduced as 3-dimential model.Â Â
THE SOCIAL IMPACT OF PETRONAS OIL COMPANY ON THE ASPECT OF EDUCATION IN AL GARRAF OIL FIELD IN DHIQAR PROVINCE
Authors: Juda Ahmed Mohsen , Ahmad Abdul Rahim , Haron Mohammed Sabri 
Published: August 2018

As a matter of fact, the existence of the oil fields and the work of the oil companies in the residential areas have an impact on the style and standard of living of the local communities and the consequential change in society. The problem, in this research, represents the big rise in the illiteracy rate, the falling level of education and the high unemployment rate in the local communities that are found in Al Gharraf oil field. The most important objectives of the research is to identify the main methods and procedures carried out by Petronas which help the local communities in Al Garraf oil field so as to ensure the development of their skills through learning and building of their own abilities through the establishment of Al Gharraf vocational training center. The study adopts the analytical descriptive approach by identifying the problem and find out the impact of Petronas which is subjected to the analysis by the interview and the questionnaire form .They were distributed in the study area.The most important results that have been reached that the presence of Petronas and the establishment of Al Gharraf vocational training center haveÂ a positive impact on the development of people skills to ensure that they are qualified for work in Petronas Company or its members or the rehabilitation and education of individuals toward getting a certain craft and helping to start a particular work.
CHALLENGES OF ACQUISITION AND RETENTION OF CUSTOMERS IN A COMPETITIVE MARKET
Authors: FELIX DR. EGBORO 
Published: August 2018

In a world of ever changing customer expectation, and competitive business environment, building corporative and collaborative relationship with customers seems to be the most prudent way to keep track of their changing expectation and appropriately influencing them.Â One way in which that some companies are developing an improved focus on Customer Relationship Management (CRM), is through the establishment or consideration of splitting the marketing managerâ€™s job into two parts: one for acquisition and one for retention.Â Offensive marketing emphasize on customer acquisition while defensive marketing emphasizes customer retention.Â The kinds of skills that are needed for people, in acquisition are in the factual aspect of marketing such as advertising, sales while that of retention is on satisfaction, loyalty, customers service, customization, community building and reward program.
INFLUENCE OF COUNSELLING SERVICES ON NON TEACHING STAFF PERFORMANCE IN PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES OF NAKURU COUNTY, KENYA
Authors: Kipkorir Phiona Jerop 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTEmployees are the most important human resource an organization cannot do without. They make a significant contribution to the success of an organization. Currently there is increased pressure for employees to be productive at their work place. This pressure is presented by the need to deliver the expected product or service in the market place while fulfilling the organizationâ€™s mission and vision. Most employees suffer from a number of personal issues such as emotional, family and home life conflicts, mental health concerns, substance abuse problems, and other health disorders that if not attended to has the capability of negatively influencing on their effective performance. The purpose of the study was to assess the influence of counselling services on non teaching staff performance. The study was guided by person centred theory. The target population comprised administrative staff. Purposive sampling was used to select the administrators in public universities of Nakuru county. Census was used to get a sample size of 91 respondents. A structured questionnaire was administered to provide the required data. The questionnaire was pilot tested to ascertain its validity and reliability. Reliability coefficient of 0.733 was found and considered reliable. The study employed both descriptive and inferential statistics to present and analyze the data Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 22 a computer program for windows aided in data analysis. The findings of the study revealed that there that there was a moderate statistically significant positive relationship of (r = 0.472, p < 0.05) between Counselling services and Employee performance. Â Recommendations were that HR departments in public Universities needs to sensitize employees on the provision of counselling services. These services should also be designed to address employee needs and frequently offered as the need arises. . The study also recommends that further research could be carried out in other cadre of profession in both public and private universities to establish the differences.
Small and Medium Enterprises SMEs Role in Creating Employmentopportunities in Pakistan: A case Study of Sindh
Authors: Memon Muhammad Salih , Munir Ahmadani Muhammad , Ali Shah G.Syed Dr.Anwar , M.Shaikh Faiz , Shaikh Dr.Khalid 
Published: August 2018

This research investigates the role ofÂ Small& Medium Enterprises in creating Â Employment sector with reference to Sindh. Data were collected from 200 respondent from 40 organizations by using simple random technique.Â A structural questionnaire was developed to get reliability of the Data.Â Data were analyze by using SPSS-18 version. It was revealed that SMEs are the major source of foreign exchange earnings, SMEs have a major contribution in Pakistanâ€™s GDP, A known feature of SME sector is its ability to create jobs, SMEs maintain the poverty alleviation activities through creating employment, SMEs assist in fostering a self-help and entrepreneurial culture,SMEs boost up an entrepreneurial strength which puts forward flexibility in the economy, SMEs are more capable in resource allocation as compared to large scale industries, SMEs in general consider employees as their most important resources, SMEs are pioneer in developing new products and services and finally SMEs are in general very quality minded in the products and services they provide.
ECONOMIC CRISIS OF PAKISTAN AND ITS IMPACT ON ECONOMY OF PAKISTAN
Authors: Memon Muhammad Salih , Ali Shah Dr.Asif , Muhammad Shaikh Faiz , Munir Ahmadani Muhammad 
Published: August 2018

This research investigates the Economic Crisis Of Pakistan And Its Impact On Economy Of Pakistan .Â Data were collected from various secondary sources, and data were analyzed by using SPSS-21 software. It was revealed that Pakistan is one of those developing countries which are facing through the economic problems which are hindering the success and the growth of the country. There are so many economic problems in Pakistan which are getting threatening and devastating day by day and if they are remained unattended than the conditions might even get to worse. Data were collected from various secondary sources.Â It was revealed Corruption is the prime reason behind the economical unstableness,Â Corruption has spread into the world and has ruined the economy. It is found in government as well as private sector also. Due to corruption, illiterate and dishonest workers come forward and cause industrial backwardness. Poor Social Sector Including Health, Safe Drinking Water, Sanitation etc.
IMPACT OFSAFTA ON TEXTILE EXPORT ON ECONOMY OF PAKISTAN BY USING COMPUTABLE GENERAL EQUILIBIUM MODEL (CGE)
Authors: Memon Muhammad Salih , Muhammad Shaikh Faiz , Ram Dr.Nanik , Ali Shah G.Syed Dr.Anwar 
Published: August 2018

This research investigates the Impact of PAK-INDIA Textile trade on Economy of Pakistan. Data were collected from GTAP-7 database.Â Data were Â collected from 70 Textile exporters by using simple random technique and data were analyzed by using GEM-software.Â Different simulation run on GTAP-7 database and various tariff rates appliedThe first scenario is when normal trading relation with India will be restored; it means that both countries will give the MFN (Most Favored Nations) status to each other. In the second scenario, the SAFTA will be operative and there will be free trade between India and Pakistan and both countries will remove all tariffs and custom duties from each othersâ€™ imports. The Global trade analysis GTAP model is used to analyze the possible impact of SAFTA on Pakistan in a multi country, multi sector applied General equilibrium frame work. Results based on this research reveal that on SAFTA, grounds, here will be net export benefits in Pakistanâ€™s economy.
IMPACT OF PAK-INDIA TRADE ON ECONOMY OF PAKISTAN BY USING COMPUTABLE GENERAL EQUILIBIUM MODEL (CGE)
Authors: Memon Muhammad Salih , Bhatti Dr.Nadeem , Muhammad Shaikh Faiz , Ali Shah G.Syed Dr.Anwar 
Published: August 2018

This research investigates the Impact of PAK-INDIA trade on Economy of Pakistan. Data were collected from GTAP-7 database and six sectors were included in the database, Textile, Pharmaceutical, Automobile parts and engineering, Agriculture, Financial and Insurance services and logistics.Â Data were analyzed by using GEM-software.Â Different simulation run on GTAP-7 database and various tariff rates applied.Â It was revealed that if India were removing the sensitive list item, in this scenario both countries would have positive impact on GDP, Export, Import and Employment of Pakistan.Â The results indicates that there in Agriculture, textile, Auto Pakistanâ€™s is head on India in MFN status.Â In Pharmaceutical, Financial services and Logistics India has positive gain. Â It was further revealed that if Pakistan is given MFN status to India, Pakistanâ€™s import decreased and Export increased and overall positive impact on Economy. This research analyzes the potential economic costs and benefits of Pak-India trade in Textile, Pharmaceutical, Automobile parts and engineering, Agriculture, Financial and Insurance services and logistics. Â The first scenario is when normal trading relation with India will be restored; it means that both countries will give the MFN (Most Favored Nations) status to each other. In the second scenario, the SAFTA will be operative and there will be free trade between India and Pakistan and both countries will remove all tariffs and custom duties from each othersâ€™ imports. The Global trade analysis GTAP model is used to analyze the possible impact of SAFTA on Pakistan in a multi country, multi sector applied General equilibrium frame work. After employing the simplified static analysis framework, the analysis based on simulations reveals that current demand for Pakistani Textile, Pharmaceutical, Automobile parts and engineering, Agriculture, Financial and Insurance services and logistics will expand after the FTA and consumer surplus will increase. The drop in the domestic prices of dates will increase the production of many downstream industries, which will have pleasant multiplier effects on the economy of Pakistan. The government may reduce MFN tariffs on industrial dates before implementing the FTA. A key rule of multilateral trade system is that the reduction in trade barriers should be applied on a most-favored nation basis (MFN) to all WTO members. The only exception to the MFN principle built into the GATT legal framework is the provision for reciprocal free trade within customs unions and free trade areas (GATT article XXIV). Following the analytical framework discussed by PO managerial (2001), we employ the simplified static analysis by using CGE model for policy implication, which reveals that Pakistan will gain benefit from Pak-India trade. Results based on this research reveal that on SAFTA, grounds, here will be net export benefits in Pakistanâ€™s economy.
Work Stress in Banking Sectors in Pakistan
Authors: Memon Muhammad Salih , Bhatti Dr.Nadeem , Ali Shah G.Syed Dr.Anwar , Muhammad Shaikh Faiz , Ahmadani Dr.Munir 
Published: August 2018

Stress has been experienced since ancient times, but it has never been worse than it is here in the early 21st century. Nowadays stress is responsible for more than fifty percent of all illness.Â Despite this fact, the phenomenon of stress still hasnâ€™t been that deeply studied.Â Contemporary society has to deal with the relatively new concept of workplace stressmore and more often. In order to answer the questions as to Why and What to do the problem of stress should be looked at in depth at individual workplaces.Only after this is done an appropriate and specific stress management programme can be created.Â he purpose of this present study is to determine the main reasons for and consequences of stress at work, and to find the most effective ways of preventing it and coping with it. The research also analyzes the overall current situation of stress at work and takes a look at some historical facts related to the origins of stress.Â Â People from different age groups, working spheres and cultures were invited for the interview during the year 2009, in order to get more information and practical examples from real life situations.Â Â Since there wasnâ€™t really any specific research found on this topic, my study will be potentially quite useful to companies, especially in the success of their overall development.
Energy Efficient Clustering in Wireless SensorNetworks Using Fuzzy Approach to Improve LEACH Protocol
Authors: Abood Basim , Hussien Aliaa , Li Yu , Wang Desheng 
Published: August 2018

The most important consideration in designing protocols for wireless sensor networks is the energy constraint of nodes because in most cases battery recharging is inconvenient or impossible. Therefore, many researches have been done to overcome this demerit. Clustering is one of the main approaches in designing scalable and energy-efficient protocols for wireless sensor networks. The cluster heads take the task of data aggregation and data routing to decrease the amount of communication and this prolongs the network lifetime. LEACH protocol is one of the famous of them. In this paper, we proposed a novel scheme to investigate the cluster, the Fuzzy Logic Cluster Leach Protocol (FUZZY-LEACH), which uses Fuzzy Logic Inference System (FIS) in the cluster process. We demonstrate that using multiple parameters in cluster reduces energy consumption. We compare our technique with the LEACH protocol to show that using a multi parameter FIS enhances the network lifetime significantly. Simulation results demonstrate that the network lifetime achieved by the proposed method could be increased by nearly 28.5% more than that obtained by LEACH protocol in Â scenario, and by nearly 26.4% more than that LEACH protocol in Â scenario.
DETERMINENTS OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE: EVIDENCE FROM PAKISTAN SUGAR INDUSTRY.
Authors: Ghafoor Awan Prof. Dr. Abdul , ZahirFaridi Prof. Dr , ShahbazAnwer Ghaz Abdullahi 
Published: August 2018

Capital structure is one of the most complex areas of financial decision making because of its inter-relationship with other financial decision variables. Poor capital structure decisions can result in a high cost of capital which decreases the value of a firm. Effective capital structure decisions decrease the cost of capital and hence the value of a firm increases.Â The objective of this empirical study is to analyze the factors affecting capital structure of sugar industry in Pakistan and to check whether the results confirm or not pecking order theory and trade-off theory. Different theories of capital structure have been reviewed like Modigliani and miller theory, trade-off theory, pecking order theory and market timing theory to make assumptions regarding capital structure of sugar firms. The findings are based on empirical results using panel data techniques for a sample of 30 firms listed on Karachi Stock Exchange from 2008-2011. The results show that tangibility is positively associated with leverage whereas size of the firm and liquidity are negatively associated with leverage. The results of profitability and growth opportunities are insignificant.