bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occlusal outcome of orthodontic treatment: a systematic review with meta-analyses of randomized trials
Authors: Papageorgiou Spyridon N , Giannakopoulou Theodora , Eliades Theodore , Vandevska-Radunovic Vaska 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Several appliances or treatment protocols are marketed to either patients or orthodontists as being associated with improved orthodontic outcomes. However, clinical decision-making should be based on robust scientific evidence and not marketing claims or anecdotal evidence.

Objective
To identify appliances/protocols being associated with improved outcomes of fixed appliance treatment.

Search methods
Unrestricted literature searches in seven databases/registers for human studies until March 2024.

Selection criteria
Randomized or quasi-randomized clinical trials on human patients of any age, sex, or ethnicity receiving comprehensive orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances and assessing occlusal outcome with either the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) or the American Board of Orthodontics-Objective Grading System (ABO-OGS) index.

Data collection and analysis
Duplicate/independent study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment with the Cochrane RoB 2 tool. Random-effects meta-analyses of averages or mean differences with their 95% Confidence Intervals (CI), followed by meta-regression/subgroup/sensitivity analyses and assessment of the quality of clinical recommendations with the Grades of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.

Results
Data from 20 small- to moderately-sized trials covering 1470 patients indicated that orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances is effective and results on average in a final PAR score of 6.0 points (95% CI 3.9–8.2 points), an absolute PAR reduction of 23.0 points (95% CI 15.6–30.4 points), a % PAR reduction of 82.6% (95% CI 70.8%–94.4%), and an absolute ABO-OGS score of 18.9 points (95% CI 11.7–26.2 points). However, very high between-study heterogeneity (I2 &gt; 75%) was seen for both PAR and ABO-OGS. Extraction treatment was associated with significantly better occlusal outcome than non-extraction treatment with ABO-OGS (12.9 versus 16.6 points; P = .02). There was no statistically significant difference in occlusal outcome with (i) 0.018″-slot or 0.022″-slot brackets; (ii) customized or prefabricated brackets; (iii) anchorage reinforcement with temporary anchorage devices; (iv) use of vibrational adjuncts; and (v) aligners or fixed appliances (P &gt; .05 in all instances), while small benefits were seen with indirectly bonded brackets.

Conclusions
Considerable between-study heterogeneity exists in the reported occlusal outcome of fixed appliance treatment, and different appliances or adjuncts have little effect on this. Standardization and/or automatization of the scoring procedures for PAR and ABO-OGS might help to improve consistency and reliability of outcome measurement in orthodontic trials.

Registration
PROSPERO (CRD42024525088).
Agribusiness innovation, value chain interventions, farmer input use, agricultural productivity, land access and asset ownership
Authors: Amare Mulubrhan , Zavale Helder , Smart Jenny 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study evaluated the implications of the Innovation for Agribusiness (InovAgro) value chain interventions (VCIs) on farmers’ input use, market information access and land access. We used a spatial identification strategy to classify farmers as beneficiary or non-beneficiary farmers. The study used a FFs DiD analysis on a matched sample using the three-wave panel data. Our findings show that InovAgro VCIs have a positive and significant effect on beneficiary farmers’ use of yield-boosting agricultural inputs, productivity and access to agricultural market information. Our findings also show that simultaneous exposure to all three VCIs under the complete package had a positive effect on overall farmer assets.
Traditional risk factors, optimal cardiovascular health, and elevated lipoprotein(a)
Authors: Razavi Alexander C , Reyes Mikaila P , Wilkins John T , Szklo Moyses S , Tsai Michael Y , Whelton Seamus P , Sperling Laurence S , Tsimikas Sotirios , Bhatia Harpreet S 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Aims
To assess the association of traditional risk factor burden and Life’s Simple 7 (LS7) score with incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) across lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] levels.

Methods and results
There were 6676 participants without clinical ASCVD from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis who underwent Lp(a) testing and were followed for incident ASCVD events (coronary heart disease and stroke). Low, intermediate, and elevated Lp(a) were defined as &lt;30, 30–49, and ≥50 mg/dL, respectively. Cox proportional hazards regression assessed the association of traditional risk factors and LS7 score (poor: 0–8, average: 9–10, and optimal: 11–14) with incident ASCVD across Lp(a) groups during a median follow-up of 17.7 years, adjusting for demographics and time-varying statin and aspirin therapy. The mean age was 62.1 years, 53% were women, and 61% were non-white. The median Lp(a) was 17 (interquartile range 8–41) mg/dL, 13% had Lp(a) 30–49 mg/dL, and 20% had Lp(a) ≥ 50 mg/dL. Individuals with Lp(a) ≥ 50 mg/dL had higher absolute event rates across all LS7 categories. There was no significant interaction between Lp(a) and LS7 score on incident ASCVD (P-interaction = 0.60). Compared to a poor LS7 score, optimal LS7 conferred a lower risk for incident ASCVD among individuals with Lp(a) &lt; 30 [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.45, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.28–0.71], Lp(a) 30–49 (HR = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.02–0.89), and Lp(a) ≥ 50 mg/dL (HR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.13–0.99).

Conclusion
Participants without clinical ASCVD who achieved an optimal LS7 score had ASCVD risk reduction regardless of Lp(a) level. These results emphasize the importance of a healthy lifestyle and ASCVD risk factor control among individuals with elevated Lp(a).
Two major-effect loci influence interspecific mating in females of the sibling species, Drosophila simulans and D. sechellia
Authors: Lu Kenneth , Erezyilmaz Deniz 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Secondary contact between incompletely isolated species can produce a wide variety of outcomes. The vinegar flies Drosophila simulans and D. sechellia diverged on islands in the Indian Ocean and are currently separated by partial pre- and postzygotic barriers. The recent discovery of hybridization between D. simulans and D. sechellia in the wild presents an opportunity to monitor the prevalence of alleles that influence hybridization between these sibling species. We therefore sought to identify those loci in females that affect interspecific mating, and we adapted a two-choice assay to capture female mate choice and female attractiveness simultaneously. We used shotgun sequencing to genotype female progeny of reciprocal F1 backcrosses at high resolution and performed QTL analysis. We found 2 major-effect QTL in both backcrosses, one on either arm of the third chromosome that each account for 32–37% of the difference in phenotype between species. The QTL of both backcrosses overlap and may each be alternate alleles of the same locus. Genotypes at these 2 loci followed an assortative mating pattern with D. simulans males but not D. sechellia males, which mated most frequently with females that were hybrid at both loci. These data reveal how different allele combinations at 2 major loci may promote isolation and hybridization in the same species pair. Identification of these QTLs is an important step toward understanding how the genetic architecture of mate selection may shape the outcome of secondary contact.
Denture Use Mitigates the Cognitive Impact of Tooth Loss in Older Adults
Authors: Chou Yi-Chang , Weng Shih-Han , Cheng Feng-Shiang , Hu Hsiao-Yun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Denture use may contribute to maintaining cognitive function by addressing the masticatory difficulties caused by tooth loss. However, reports on the association between tooth loss and cognitive impairment have been inconsistent. The impact of changes in tooth number and denture use on the development of cognitive impairment in older adults remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate these impacts among community-dwelling older adults.

Methods
This 7-year longitudinal prospective cohort study included 64 520 community-dwelling Taiwanese older adults aged ≥65 years without cognitive impairment at baseline. The primary outcome was cognitive impairment assessed using the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire.

Results
Older adults with 10–19, 1–9, and 0 teeth, including natural teeth and dentures, had higher risks of developing cognitive impairment than those with ≥20 teeth, with adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of 1.40 (95% confidence intervals [CIs], 1.14–1.71), 1.85 (95% CI, 1.40–2.43), and 2.56 (95% CI, 1.74–3.76), respectively. Furthermore, among those with 10–19 teeth (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.52–0.98) or 1–9 teeth (OR, 0.43, 95% CI, 0.27–0.68) at baseline, an increase of more than 1 level in tooth number during follow-up (eg, from 10–19 to ≥ 20 teeth and dentures through the acquisition of dental prosthetics such as dentures, bridges, or implants) was associated with a lower risk of developing cognitive impairment compared with those with a stable tooth number.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that prompt denture use and maintaining &gt;20 teeth (including natural teeth and dentures) mitigate the risk of cognitive impairment associated with tooth loss among community-dwelling older adults.
“UDE DIATOMS in the Wild 2024”: a new image dataset of freshwater diatoms for training deep learning models
Authors: Venkataramanan Aishwarya , Kloster Michael , Burfeid-Castellanos Andrea , Dani Mimoza , Mayombo Ntambwe A S , Vidakovic Danijela , Langenkämper Daniel , Tan Mingkun , Pradalier Cedric , Nattkemper Tim , Laviale Martin , Beszteri Bánk 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundDiatoms are microalgae with finely ornamented microscopic silica shells. Their taxonomic identification by light microscopy is routinely used as part of community ecological research as well as ecological status assessment of aquatic ecosystems, and a need for digitalization of these methods has long been recognized. Alongside their high taxonomic and morphological diversity, several other factors make diatoms highly challenging for deep learning–based identification using light microscopy images. These include (i) an unusually high intraclass variability combined with small between-class differences, (ii) a rather different visual appearance of specimens depending on their orientation on the microscope slide, and (iii) the limited availability of diatom experts for accurate taxonomic annotation.FindingsWe present the largest diatom image dataset thus far, aimed at facilitating the application and benchmarking of innovative deep learning methods to the diatom identification problem on realistic research data, “UDE DIATOMS in the Wild 2024.” The dataset contains 83,570 images of 611 diatom taxa, 101 of which are represented by at least 100 examples and 144 by at least 50 examples each. We showcase this dataset in 2 innovative analyses that address individual aspects of the above challenges using subclustering to deal with visually heterogeneous classes, out-of-distribution sample detection, and semi-supervised learning.ConclusionsThe problem of image-based identification of diatoms is both important for environmental research and challenging from the machine learning perspective. By making available the so far largest image dataset, accompanied by innovative analyses, this contribution will facilitate addressing these points by the scientific community.
stMMR: accurate and robust spatial domain identification from spatially resolved transcriptomics with multimodal feature representation
Authors: Zhang Daoliang , Yu Na , Yuan Zhiyuan , Li Wenrui , Sun Xue , Zou Qi , Li Xiangyu , Liu Zhiping , Zhang Wei , Gao Rui 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Deciphering spatial domains using spatially resolved transcriptomics (SRT) is of great value for characterizing and understanding tissue architecture. However, the inherent heterogeneity and varying spatial resolutions present challenges in the joint analysis of multimodal SRT data.

Results
We introduce a multimodal geometric deep learning method, named stMMR, to effectively integrate gene expression, spatial location, and histological information for accurate identifying spatial domains from SRT data. stMMR uses graph convolutional networks and a self-attention module for deep embedding of features within unimodality and incorporates similarity contrastive learning for integrating features across modalities.

Conclusions
Comprehensive benchmark analysis on various types of spatial data shows superior performance of stMMR in multiple analyses, including spatial domain identification, pseudo-spatiotemporal analysis, and domain-specific gene discovery. In chicken heart development, stMMR reconstructed the spatiotemporal lineage structures, indicating an accurate developmental sequence. In breast cancer and lung cancer, stMMR clearly delineated the tumor microenvironment and identified marker genes associated with diagnosis and prognosis. Overall, stMMR is capable of effectively utilizing the multimodal information of various SRT data to explore and characterize tissue architectures of homeostasis, development, and tumor.
Delivery of IL-12 by neoantigen-reactive T cells promotes antitumor immunity in murine osteosarcoma mode
Authors: Tian Cong , Sun Xingxing , Zhu Hongling , Zhou Meixiang , Chen Qingyu , Min Daliu , Huang Yan , Han Kun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Despite the proven clinical benefits of cytokine therapy in cancer treatment, systemic administration of cytokines such as IL-12 is constrained by dose-limiting toxicities and short half-lives. To address these challenges, we explored a localized cytokine delivery strategy using engineered neoantigen-reactive T (NRT) cells as carriers in a murine model of osteosarcoma.

Materials and Methods
We used a neoantigen from K7M2 osteosarcoma cells to retrovirally transduce NRT cells to express an inducible form of IL-12. We evaluated the engineered NRT cells’ antitumor activity and the production of IL-12 and IFN-γ upon in vitro co-culture with tumor cells. We systemically administered NRT-IL-12 cells in a mouse model of osteosarcoma to assess their impact on tumor growth and survival.

Results
In vitro assays demonstrated that the engineered NRT cells exhibited enhanced antitumor activity and produced elevated levels of IL-12 and IFN-γ. In the mouse model of osteosarcoma, systemic administration of NRT-IL-12 cells resulted in a significant reduction in tumor growth and an increase in survival rates compared to the administration of control NRT cells. Further analysis revealed that NRT-IL-12 cells induced a profound increase in CD8+ T-cell infiltration and a decrease in Treg cells within the tumor microenvironment.

Conclusion
Our study presents a novel and efficacious strategy for osteosarcoma immunotherapy by harnessing NRT cells as targeted cytokine delivery vehicles.
Postmortem distribution of MDPHP in a fatal intoxication case
Authors: Croce Emma Beatrice , Dimitrova Alexandra , Di Milia Maria Grazia , Pierotti Stefano , Arillotta Davide , Barbaresi Marta , Focardi Martina , Vaiano Fabio 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The synthetic cathinone (SC) 3,4-methylenedioxy-α-pyrrolidinohexanophenone (MDPHP) is structurally correlated to the 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV). In recent years, the number of intoxication cases has increased even if little is known about the pharmacokinetics properties. The Postmortem (PM) distribution of MDPHP remains largely unexplored. In these reports, MDPHP levels were quantified in blood, gastric content, and urine. This study aimed to describe the MDPHP PM distribution in several specimens, i.e. central and peripheral blood (CB and PB), right and left vitreous humor (rVH and lVH), gastric content (GCo), urine (U), and hair. The samples were collected from a cocaine-addicted 30-year-old man with a PM interval estimated in 3–4 h. Autopsy examination revealed unspecific findings, i.e. cerebral and pulmonary edema. No injection marks were observed. Toxicological analyses were performed using a multi-analytical approach: headspace gas chromatography for blood alcohol content (BAC), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) for the main drugs of abuse, liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS–MS) for benzodiazepines, and new psychoactive substances (NPS). BAC was negative (0.02 g/L). MDPHP concentrations were as follows: 1,639.99 ng/mL, CB; 1,601.90 ng/mL, PB; 12,954.13 ng/mL, U; 3,028.54 ng/mL, GCo; 1,846.45 ng/mL, rVH; 2,568.01 ng/mL, lVH; 152.38 (0.0–1.5 cm) and 451.33 (1.5–3.0 cm) ng/mg, hair. Moreover, hair segments were also positive for 3,4-dimethylmethcathinone (DMMC &lt; limit of quantification: 0.01 ng/mg), α-PHP (0.59 ng/mg, 0.0–1.5 cm; 3.07 ng/mg, 1.5–3.0 cm), cocaine (6.58 ng/mg, 0.0–1.5 cm; 22.82 ng/mg, 1.5–3.0 cm), and benzoylecgonine (1.13 ng/mg, 0.0–1.5 cm; 4.30 ng/mg, 1.5–3.0 cm). MDPHP concentrations were significantly higher than those reported in the literature for fatal cases. For these reasons, the cause of death was probably the consumption of a lethal amount of MDPHP. Because CB and PB were similar, PM redistribution was not relevant.
A How-to Guide for Community Breast Imaging Centers: Starting a Breast Imaging Fellowship
Authors: Miles Randy C , Lopez Antonio R , Tran Nhat-Tuan , Doyle Christopher , Vijapura Charmi , Wahab Rifat A , Naeger David M 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Opportunities exist to provide high-quality breast imaging fellowship training in the community setting. Various challenges exist, however, including obtaining funding for a fellowship position, creating an educational curriculum in a potentially nonacademic environment, and developing an overall competitive program that will attract radiology trainees. Here, we explore factors that contribute to the establishment of an academic breast imaging fellowship program in the community setting based on experience, including (1) providing guidance on how to secure funding for a breast imaging fellowship position; (2) developing a training curriculum based on established guidelines from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, American College of Radiology, and Society of Breast Imaging; and (3) navigating the landscape of the recruitment process, from program branding to matching applicants.
Increasing plant species diversity aggravates microbial phosphorus limitation but alleviates microbial carbon limitation in a subtropical forest
Authors: Gao Kun , Du Hu , Zhu Zihong , Fang Yuantian , Li Dejun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The relative limitation of microbes by soil organic carbon (SOC), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) is linked with soil microbial activities, so how change of plant species diversity (PSD) affects microbial resource limitation would partly determine its impacts on SOC dynamics and nutrient cycling. However, the responses of microbial resource limitation to increasing PSD have poorly explored. Here, 45 plots covering a natural PSD gradient were used to investigate the effects of PSD on microbial resource limitation in a subtropical forest. Extracellular enzymatic stoichiometry along with a laboratory N and P addition experiment were used to determine microbial resource limitation. Contents of microbial biomass C, N and P significantly increased, but C:P and N:P ratios in microbial biomass were unchanged as PSD increased. Soil microbes were generally co-limited by C and P, but not by N across the 45 plots. Increasing PSD did not alter microbial N limitation, alleviated microbial C limitation and aggravated microbial P limitation. The alleviated microbial C limitation or aggravated microbial P limitation was attributed to increased soil C availability but decreased P availability, which resulted in stimulated soil C:P and N:P ratios and in turn greater C:P and N:P imbalance between soil and microbial biomass under higher PSD. Our results highlight the divergent effects of increasing PSD on microbial resource limitation. Considering that microbial C and P limitations are widespread, the patterns observed in the current study should be applicable broadly.
Giant (complex) inguinal hernia in female patient left untreated for 40 years: a case report
Authors: Nikolovski Andrej , Gjinoska Klaudia , Kocevski Zhivorad , Stoicovski Emil , Mitrev Zan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A giant inguinal hernia is a rare clinical presentation in patients refusing hernia repair for different reasons during a long period. The appearance is remarkable, and the preoperative preparation and the surgery itself might be challenging. They can present in an emergency (hernia incarceration) or elective setting. Most of the patients are male, but exclusions exist. This is a rare case of a female patient with a giant inguinal hernia left untreated for 40 years.
A case of intraabdominal tuberculosis masquerading as inguinal hernia: a diagnostic challenge
Authors: Yildirim Sanem , Yigit Yavuz , Jabeen Atika , Mohamed Eslam Hussein , Alkahlout Baha Hamdi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Inguinal masses are common presentations in clinical practice, often attributed to hernias. However, atypical features may lead to diagnostic difficulties and delayed intervention. We present a case of a 32-year-old Ethiopian woman with a prolonged history of a growing groin mass 2 months following childbirth, her diagnosis potentially challenged by her recent obstetric history. Despite previous evaluations suggesting inguinal hernia, her symptoms worsened, prompting an emergency department visit. Further investigation revealed an unexpected diagnosis of intraabdominal tuberculosis, manifesting as a large iliopsoas abscess. This case underscores the importance of considering uncommon etiologies in the differential diagnosis of inguinal masses, particularly in high-risk populations with comparable situations, to ensure timely diagnosis and intervention.
Acute obstructive uropathy secondary to a rectus sheath haematoma in an anticoagulated patient
Authors: Babic Stephanie M , Trivedi Anand 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A rectus sheath haematoma (RSH) is a relatively rare cause of acute abdominal pain that is becoming more prevalent due to an increase in anticoagulant therapy. Of its associated complications, acute obstructive uropathy is exceedingly rare. This is a case of a 62-year-old lady who presented with abdominal pain caused by an RSH which then led to obstructive uropathy. She had undergone laparoscopic removal of a gastric band 6 days prior and due to a mechanical mitral valve, required ongoing anticoagulation. Initially, she had a contained RSH, but this subsequently decompressed into the extraperitoneal space, causing acute obstructive uropathy secondary to external compression. She was managed with ureteric stenting and her anticoagulation was appropriately modified throughout her admission. This case highlights that the challenging aspect of RSH management involves tailoring treatment to address individual patient factors and the location of the haematoma itself.
WOX out, those teeth are sharp!
Authors: Drieberg Hannah 
Published: November 2024

This article comments on:
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