bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Action at a distance: From Newton’s gravity to quantum theory
Authors: Jansson Lina 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Isaac Newton’s theory of gravity seems to postulate action at a distance. Two distant massive bodies act on one another gravitationally instantaneously without a causal mechanism to mediate the action. This paper will argue that a strategy found in the Principia that allows Newton’s theory to be explanatory without providing a causal explanation can be extended to the quantum case. However, while causal action at a distance can be avoided, the explanatory cost of avoiding any form of nonlocality is higher in the quantum case than in the case of Newton’s theory of universal gravitation.
Does fine-tuning support the existence of a multiverse?
Authors: Wilson Alastair 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In the context of the probabilistic fine-tuning argument for the existence of a divine designer, appeals to the existence of a multiverse have often seemed ad hoc. The situation is rather different though if there is independent evidence from physics for a multiverse. This paper argues that the fate of the fine-tuning argument depends on open questions in fundamental physics and cosmology. It also argues that the many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics opens up new routes to undercutting the force of the fine-tuning argument.
Scene-setting re scientism: How Wittgenstein helps us to properly appreciate physics without over-valuing it
Authors: Read Rupert 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Some contemporary readings of Ludwig Wittgenstein consider him an opponent of science, but in fact Wittgenstein was a great admirer of ‘the scientific method’ so long as it did not overstep its boundaries. Wittgenstein was concerned that if the scientific method were seen as the only truth-collecting source, then it would be applied in places where it does not naturally fit, and thus encroach on the bountiful insights that subjects beyond the natural sciences can give us. Reflecting on the state of today’s society in general and research academies in particular, it is obvious that the ‘scientism’ that concerned Wittgenstein in the 20th century has only intensified into the 21st century. By reflecting on Wittgenstein’s writings, one can be more aware of this overreaching of the scientific method and more able to call it out when confronted by it.
The emergence of nanoscience
Authors: Baumberg Jeremy , Baumberg Cass 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Nanoscience and nanotechnology have emerged as distinct scientific concepts in the final third of the 20th century, however the way that the history of this field is discussed has not settled into an accepted path. This paper discusses the many ways to approach this history, spanning science intuition, ancient technologies, mythical visions, tool development, commercial opportunities and science fictions. In the brief and accessible discussion here expanding on the different histories of nano, the paper explores some of these concepts and conclude that this is not (yet) a well posed question.
Superluminal neutrinos: an OPERA in three acts
Authors: Cartwright Susan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In September 2011 the OPERA experiment at the Gran Sasso Laboratory, Italy announced that they had evidence that the neutrinos in the CERN-to-Gran-Sasso (CNGS) beam line were travelling very slightly faster than the speed of light. If true this would have ranked among the most important discoveries of the 21st century. In the event it was not true and was rapidly discredited. This paper explains what the measurement entailed, the responses to it and the eventual explanation, and discusses whether the initial publication and the subsequent reactions were appropriate.
Big Science: before and after the Manhattan Project
Authors: Kragh Helge 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Although the concept of Big Science is not well defined, it is often identified with expensive and government-funded post-World-War II projects in physics and space research. However, this definition is too narrow both with regard to chronology and with regard to the sciences in question. Apart from offering some general comments on the notion of Big Science this paper adopts a historical perspective by singling out a few cases of pre-twentieth century Big Science projects in physics and astronomy. These were exceptions, however, and it was only with the Manhattan Project and the early generations of high-energy accelerators that the Big Science era truly started. As argued the development involved new forms of organisation as well as new ethical problems relating to the role and responsibility of the individual scientist.
Big Science “for the benefit of all mankind”
Authors: Bigot Bernard 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A little more than a century ago at the turn of the 1920s two eminent scientists—Jean Perrin (1870-1942) in France and Arthur Eddington (1882-1944) in the United Kingdom—speculated that the energy source at the core of the Sun was a product of nuclear reactions. Their intuition was a huge departure from the theories that had prevailed until then. In the years that followed a clearer understanding1 of the hydrogen fusion process at the core of Sun-like stars led to a Promethean ambition: reproducing and harnessing fusion reactions to gain access here on Earth to a new sustainable source of energy for generating electricity on a massive scale.
Big Science in physics: a look at the decade ahead
Authors: Banks Michael 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
For decades Big Science facilities in physics and astronomy have attempted to answer some of the biggest questions possible – how did the Universe begin, how will it end, what are the fundamental constituents of matter? Tackling these questions has resulted in building bigger, ever more complex facilities. Yet with it comes costs and delays when pushing the boundaries of technological knowledge. This paper briefly reviews some of the big projects in physics and astronomy in recent years as well as looking at what lies ahead in the coming decade.
Microscopy and microbiology: Moving forward together
Authors: Hardie Kim R. , Self Tim , Markus Robert 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
For more than four thousand years technological advances have enabled us to see the invisible through the invention and development of microscopes that have delivered magnification alongside resolution. Over the same timescale this has led to the discovery of microscopic organisms and the birth of the science of microbiology. From ancient theories that an invisible life form existed light microscopy established their presence in the 1600s. Over the next couple of centuries light microscopes were developed with improved illumination and precision as microbiologists created ways to grow and sample their microbes. In so doing microscopy and microbiology extended our understanding of infection transmission from generalised miasma and germ theories to linking specific diseases with particular microbes to make diagnosis and prevention more reliable. Electron and fluorescent microscopy provided step changes in the visualisation of the finer detail of microbes, enabling the characterisation of internal structures and the unravelling of the molecular mechanisms of biological processes. We are now within an era of imaging microbes in three dimensions over time with sensitivity and super resolution to study the microbes in their natural habitat such as within infected tissues. With the advent of multi-modal, correlative and molecular imaging the future holds the promise of a full interrogation of the internal machineries of microbes and real-time tracking of their lifecycle and interactions. This will help deliver the next generation of antibiotics and alternative prevention strategies to enable everyone to live longer, healthier lives.
The greatest physics discovery of the 20th century
Authors: Phillips William D. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
I have chosen Quantum Mechanics as the greatest physics discovery of the 20th century and in this brief paper I explain that quantum mechanics has changed the way we think about physics, the way we think about reality and the nature of our ordinary lives. I embrace the weirdness of quantum physics and its ability to calculate physical properties to amazing accuracy, along with the practical applications of the past and those to come, while marvelling at how much there is yet to be understood.
Galileo’s microscopic and telescopic observations and their impact on how bodies are conceived
Authors: Buyse Filip 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Four hundred years ago Galileo Galilei published a work that was immensely successful directly after its publication but is relatively unknown today. The Assayer (Il Saggiatore) started as a polemic reply to Orazio Grassi’s interpretation of the first telescopic observation of comets in history. The Jesuit defended the idea that comets were bodies moving in the superlunary region. However, Galileo never explicitly stated that comets are an illusion or an optical defect. Rather he aimed at undermining Grassi’s argumentation. Consequently, what announced itself initially as a controversy about the nature of comets turned out to become a controversy about the nature of scientific methodology. This paper focuses on two elements that Galileo elaborates on in this pioneering work of scientific method: his views on the qualities of bodies and the fact that “the book of nature” is written in the language of mathematics. It demonstrates how these two elements are not only connected in The Assayer (1623) but also in his earlier work. In addition, it shows how they both played a role in Galileo’s defence of mathematical demonstration and his rejection of the tools of scholastic philosophy.
Why middle-sized matters: Quantum realism, minds and the Problem of Macro-Objects
Authors: Simpson William M.R. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Problem of Macro-Objects concerns how three-dimensional, middle-sized objects, such as scientists and their measuring devices, can exist in a quantum world. This paper discusses the problem for wave function realism and the primitive ontology approach to quantum mechanics, focussing on Alyssa Ney’s recent two-stage solution, in which macro-objects are functionally reduced to micro-objects and micro-objects are parts of a whole in which they are grounded (the wave function field). It raises metaphysical difficulties with this proposal which a hylomorphic account of wholes may be able to address, noting possible implications for one’s philosophy of mind depending on one’s preferred solution to the Measurement Problem.
Evaluation of salt particle collection devices for coastal metal storage facilities with natural ventilation
Authors: Chen C K , Lin W J 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) is a potential threat to metal containers stored in coastal facilities utilizing natural ventilation due to sea salt particles in the airflow. This study investigates the applicability of low-pressure salt particle collection devices developed by the Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI) in Japan (reports N08050 and N11044) to natural ventilation systems in Taiwanese coastal storage facilities. We evaluate the capture efficiency and pressure drop of these devices compared to conventional stainless steel filters. The pressure loss of the collection devices was assessed using the CRIEPI model and compared with a handbook model, demonstrating high agreement. Capture efficiency analysis revealed a reduction rate of approximately 78% for the salt particle collection device. However, peak analysis indicated this reduction was primarily effective for particles exceeding 10.2 μm in diameter. Compared to stainless steel filters, the collection devices offer lower reduction efficiency but with a stable pressure drop and potentially lower maintenance costs. This study also emphasizes the need for optimizing salt particle reduction methods by considering the trade-off between capture efficiency and pressure drop.
The investigations of asperity peaks and surface roughness on transient squeeze elastohydrodynamic lubrication
Authors: Chu L M , Hsieh M J , Chang Y P 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The effects of asperity peak contact pressure and surface roughness (SRN) on pure squeeze elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) motion of circular contacts are investigated for fixed load by using Gauss-Seidel iteration method (GSIM) and finite difference method (FDM). The transient pressure, asperity peak contact pressure, elastic deformation, and film thickness during the pure squeeze process under distinct operating conditions in EHL regime are studied. The results indicate that the differences of the pressure and film thickness between SRNEHL model and EHL model are apparent in final stage due to elastic asperity peak contact. The asperity peak contact pressure will affect hydrodynamic pressure for fixed load, so the hydrodynamic pressure with roughness surface is smaller than that without roughness surface especially around the Hertzian contact (X=1) edge. These phenomena result in different changes in total pressure in different areas. For the contact region, the film thickness of smooth type (ST) is greater than those of circular roughness type (CRT), but this phenomenon reverses near X=1. The larger the C value, the earlier the asperity peak contact effect. Therefore, the greater the C values, the greater the asperity peak contact pressure, and the smaller the hydrodynamic pressure. The asperity peak contact effect significant changes many phenomena at contact region in squeezing final stage.
A study on the feasibility of friction stir welding in joining dissimilar metals for SS400 and Ti-6Al-4V
Authors: Hsieh M J , Chu L M , Chang Y P 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study designed friction stir multi-pass welding machine to conduct friction stir welding on carbon steel/titanium alloy clad sheets. The experimental process utilized the pin and pinless tools. The results demonstrate that the two dissimilar materials can be welded using the assembly-embedded rod pinless tool under the following welding conditions: a rotational speed of 1200 rpm, a downward force of 4 kN, a welding speed of 15 mm/min, and tool offset distances of 5 and 10 mm. Furthermore, this study investigated the microstructure and mechanical properties of the weld. In addition, the peak temperature measured at the joint interface exceeded the β phase transition temperature of the titanium alloy and surpassed 1000°C. The shear tensile test shows the weld’s failure load was about 4300 N. The intermetallic compound at the welding interface has a microhardness value of approximately 400 Hv. According to the results of SEM observations and EDS composition element analysis, the elements of low carbon steel and titanium alloy at the interface of the clad sheet diffused and formed Fe-Ti intermetallic compounds.
Forming limit analysis of magnesium alloy sheet metal forming process at elevated temperatures
Authors: Yang T S , Huang J Y 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Magnesium alloys are valued by industry for their lightweight structures. Magnesium alloy are mainly produced by warm forming because the sheet formability is poor at room temperature. The mechanical properties of magnesium alloy AZ31, such as stress-strain curves and damage values at different elevated temperatures, were obtained by this study using a computerized screw universal testing machine. Freudenthal fracture criteria were used to obtain the forming limit at distinct temperatures. The forming limit analysis proceeded during the sheet metal forming process at various elevated temperature. The fracture’s forming load, stroke, and position were determined for different working temperatures of the sheet metal forming process for AZ31, using a finite element simulation combined with the ductile fracture criteria. Finally, the predicted values were compared with the experimental results during the sheet metal forming process. The simulation results agreed with the experimental values for the fracture forming load, stroke, and position of the sheet metal forming process. The feasibility of the present method was confirmed to predict forming limit during the sheet metal forming process for different elevated temperatures. A finite element analysis for forming limit prediction would be beneficial to the design of sheet metal processes for AZ31 magnesium alloys.
An IoT platform for smart metal forming
Authors: Yang M 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Manufacturers in the metal forming industry are paying attention on smart manufacturing with the industrial internet of things (IIoT). An innovation has been occurring by changing metal forming processes from analog to digital by utilizing servo press machine and IT technology for improving efficiency and worth of the mass production manufacturing technology and of ability for the SDGs. This paper aims to introduce initiatives to survey of the current situation and formulation of strategies on the digital transformation in metal forming promoted by the Sokeizai Centre in Japan. An IoT platform for smart metal forming which has been developed based on the strategies is also introduced. The platform consists of sensor system for visualization of forming processes, sensor data wireless communication using local 5G and data assimilation with process simulation. Several sensing systems developed for process visualization are introduced.
Design and application of visualized quick-change molds
Authors: Chiu C H , Wu J C , Lu J R , Su W Y , Chen C C 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In the process of plastic injection moulding, the flow behaviour of plastic within the mould is a critical factor in product formation. Achieving stable mass production requires iterative experimentation to adjust mould and machine parameters. This process incurs significant material, time, and labour costs. Therefore, this study focuses on the design of mould visualization and rapid mould exchange. By visually observing the plastic flow during product formation, this study can make preliminary and intuitive judgments for real-time adjustments. Leveraging the convenience of rapid mould exchange, observations and experiments on multiple product iterations are made, effectively reducing the time and cost associated with mould replacement.
Analysis of load flow based on power system analysis software package by using the IEEE 30-bus system
Authors: Hsu W T , Liang L W , Yang C C , Huang C W 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A power-flow study is a numerical analysis to judge the stability of the power system during operation. By analyzing the results of the load flow calculations, the transmission line, the load distribution, the power factor, the equipment capacity, the distribution network, and the power quality and reliability of the distribution network are improved. This paper uses the IEEE 30-Bus system as an example of building a modified system via the power system analysis software package (PSASP) for the power-flow study. Other simulation tools are validated by using the MATPOWER toolbox and MATLAB/Simulink. The result of the load flow calculation for the three simulation tools is almost consistent, so the practicability of the tool is proved. It is verified that the PSASP is one of the reference simulation tools for power system analysis.
Design and application of graphite film with high thermal conductivity in SAR antenna
Authors: Zhu Shangkun , Shang Xiuyu , Xu Jiyuan , Kong Xiangju , Qian Jiyu , Wei Tao 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The rapid development of SAR antenna in the remote sensing field has put forward the test of antenna thermal design. In this paper, according to the load of a certain type of extravehicular SAR antenna, a reasonable thermal design is carried out for its high heat consumption and external heat flux. A high thermal conductivity graphite film is used for heat expansion. The test shows that the mounting plate heat expansion capacity difference is 28°C with and without graphene film, with 40W heat consumption applied in 180mm transmission distance. The simulation analysis and thermal balance test are carried out. The results show that the high thermal conductivity graphite film can rapidly extend the heat of the single unit of the SAR antenna to the whole antenna, and make the antenna meet the temperature requirement in orbit, which proves the rationality of thermal design. This paper is useful for the thermal control design of a satellite-borne SAR antenna.
Numerical simulation of influence of jet flow parameters on cone-cylinder-flare configuration
Authors: Chen Jin , Sun Ruibin , Zhang Jiayue 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Reaction control system technology is used to realize attitude control or trajectory change. The hot jet effect should be considered to get more accurate aerodynamic characteristics as the flight vehicle develops. The simulation for hot jet flow needs more calculation resources, so it is important to research the suitable similarity parameters of jet flow. Then, we can use cold jet flow to simulate hot jet flow. In this paper, the influence of jet flow parameters is numerically studied on cone-cylinder-flare configuration. The numerical simulation method for hot jet flow is established, containing finite volume method, multi-component three-dimensional Reynolds Navier-Stokes equation with source terms, multi-block patched grid technique, and fully implicit processing method. The numerical method is verified by using experimental reference results, and the grid independence is assured. The numerical results reveal that the cold jet flowfield under the same mass flow ratio is more similar to the hot jet flowfield than the cold jet flowfield under the total temperature of 293 K. The maximum amplification factor difference between cold and hot jet flow is reduced from 14.1% to 1.2%.
Design and application of deployable heat radiator
Authors: Li Jin , Zhao Qiwei , Zheng Hongyang , Zhang Yang , Yu Xingang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Limited by the envelope size of the launch vehicle, comparing with the body-mounted radiator of the traditional spacecraft, the thermal control scheme based on single-phase fluid loop is proposed in order to improve the system-level heat dissipation. The thermal analysis model of the deployable heat radiator, including the spacecraft, is established. Through the comparative analysis of the fin parameter, infrared radiation effect, and working fluid selection, the heat dissipation efficiency of the radiator is improved, and the first flight application of the deployable heat radiator is realized. The research results show that in view of the GEO spacecraft’s bad external heat flow condition, the heat dissipation of a single radiator can reach 250W/m2 above; the method of using multiple deployable heat radiators can effectively solve the problem of insufficient heat dissipation capacity on the spacecraft.
Research on the qualification of TQL-5 COTS Tools in airborne software reliability verification process based on DO-330
Authors: Fan Hui , Hua Hui , Liu Jianfang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The rapid development of airborne software is inseparable from the help of tools, especially the TQL-5 (Tool Qualification Level 5 based on DO-330) COTS (commercial off-the-shelf tools) tool, which is the most widely used. It is worth noting that to ensure software reliability and safety, the tool also needs to be qualified. Based on the DO-330 standard, this paper introduces the qualification methods for COTS tools, TQL-5 tools, and TQL-5 COTS tools, focusing on how to qualify TQL-5 COTS tools and the objectives that tool developers and users need to meet. It plays a guiding role in the airworthiness of airborne software tool users and tool developers.