bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Determining Seasonal Variations in Traffic Volumes
Authors: Spławińska M. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The characteristics of seasonal variations in traffic volumes are used for a variety of purposes, for example to determine the basic parameters describing annual average daily traffic – AADT, and design hourly volume – DHV, analyses of road network reliability, and traffic management. Via these analyses proper classification of road sections into appropriate seasonal factor groups (SFGs) has a decisive influence on results. This article, on the basis of computational experiments (models of artificial neural networks, discriminatory analysis), aims to identify which factors have the greatest impact on the allocation of a section of road to the corresponding SFG, based on short-term measurements. These factors are presented as qualitative data: the Polish region, spatial relationships, functions of road, cross-sections, technical class; and quantitative data: rush hour traffic volume.
Fracture Mechanical Properties of Rocklike Materials Under Half Symmetric Loading
Authors: Wang Zhi , Zhou Jiajia , Li Long 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe authors studied the fracture mechanical properties under half-symmetric loading in this paper. The stress distribution around the crack tip and the stress intensity factor of three kinds of notched specimens under half symmetric loading were compared. The maximum tensile stress σmax of double notch specimens was much greater than that of single notch specimens and the maximum shear stress τmax was almost equal, which means that the single notch specimens were more prone to Mode II fractures. The intensity factors KII of central notch specimens were very small compared with other specimens and they induced Mode I fractures. For both double notch and single notch specimens, KII was kept at a constant level and did not change with the change of a/h, and KII was much larger than KI. KII has the potential to reach its fracture toughness KIIC before KI and Mode II fractures occurred. Rock-like materials were introduced to produce single notch specimens. Test results show that the crack had been initiated at the crack tip and propagated along the original notch face, and a Mode II fracture occurred. There was no relationship between the peak load and the original notch length. The average value of KIIC was about 0.602 MPa×m1/2, and KIIC was about 3.8 times KIC. The half symmetric loading test of single notch specimens was one of the most effective methods to obtain a true Mode II fracture and determine Mode fracture toughness.
Comparative Study on Durability Properties of Engineered Cementitious Composites with Polypropylene Fiber and Glass Fiber
Authors: Ranjith S. , Venkatasubramani R. , Sreevidya V. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The durability characteristics of Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) with various fibers such as polypropylene and glass were investigated in view of developing composites with high resistance to cracking. ECC offer large potential for durable civil infrastructure due to their high tensile strain capacity and controlled micro-crack width. In this study, fibre volume fractions (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2%) of both polypropylene and glass fibers varied and durability measures such as a rapid chloride penetration test, sorptivity, water absorption, acid attack, and sulphate attack were measured. Increasing the fiber content up to 1.5% improved the durability properties of ECC. The test results indicate that the glass fiber-reinforced Engineered Cementitious Composites have better durability characteristics than polypropylene fiber-reinforced ECC.
The Development Path of the Miskolc Agglomeration (1970–2015)
Authors: Kristóf Andrea 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The historical development of the socio-economic, environmental effects of the agglomerating process in the region of Miskolc has remained an unexplored area. The economic crisis and the signs of crisis present in the Miskolc agglomeration too have changed the attitudes of settlements towards agglomerating and suburbanizing processes. These changes also affect the suburbanizing processes in the Miskolc agglomeration, i.e. the intensity of suburbanization is decreasing. The suburbs of Miskolc have become more fragmented and polarized in terms of the society and economy. The geographical separation of high- and low-status suburbs proves the ever-increasing segregation within the metropolitan area.
Politically Motivated Hungarian Migration to the Netherlands in (the Second Half of) the 20th Century: Data, Concepts, and Consequences
Authors: Tomor Zsuzsanna 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
This paper draws on an empirical research on the acculturation of Hungarian refugees in the Netherlands. After the bloody repression of the Hungarian uprising against the Soviet rule in 1956, approximately 200,000 people escaped Hungary. Out of them, 5,000 people started a new life in the Netherlands. Despite extensive documentation and memoirs, no systematic research exists on the fate of these Hungarians. With this research, we attempt to fill this knowledge gap by gaining insight into their integration path. By applying a qualitative–interpretative research method, we gathered personal narratives from Hungarian (‘ex-’) refugees in the Netherlands. We analyse their incorporation into the Dutch society according to various acculturation theories and discuss the (contextual) circumstances influencing these dynamics. The findings show that these Hungarians have successfully acculturated into the host society. They got entirely embedded in the institutional, sociocultural, and economic fabric of their new home country (assimilation) while also maintaining their original culture and identity (integration). Determining factors are the reception and opportunity structure in the host country, the refugees’ young age and willing attitudes to integrate, their grown hybrid identities as well as cultural compatibility.
Trilingual Internet Use, Identity, and Acculturation among Young Minority Language Speakers: Some Data from Transylvania and Finland
Authors: Vincze László , Moring Tom 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The purpose of the present paper is to explore the dynamics of trilingual Internet use and its relation to minority language identity and acculturation among young Swedish speakers in Finland (N = 201) and Hungarian speakers in Transylvania (N = 388). Typically, a feature of linguistic minorities, trilingualism, provides speakers with the competence to move outside their original cultural realm, a feature that is rewarding at an individual level but may form a threat to the minority language culture. The results indicate in both contexts an extensive use of English alongside the minority language and a restricted amount of use of the majority language on the Internet. Majority language and English-language Internet use are strongly related to acculturation towards majority language speakers and English speakers in both contexts. Majority-language Internet use is significantly and negatively associated with minority language identity among participants in Transylvania but not among participants in Finland. Most interestingly, however, English-language Internet use is significantly and negatively related to minority language identity in both contexts. The findings and their theoretical implications are discussed.
Between the Word of the Law and Practice: a Case of the Hungarian Speakers in Serbia
Authors: Mandić Marija , Simonović Sandra Buljanović 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The paper initially presents the Serbian legislative framework relevant to the use of minority languages. The ethnolinguistic vitality of the Hungarian-speaking population in Serbia is then analysed, particularly in the Serbian province of Vojvodina. The paper then focuses upon the sociolinguistic survey of Hungarian language use in Belgrade. The emphasis is placed upon the survey responses related to the awareness of language rights among the Hungarian speakers.
Comparison of GA-Optimized Viscoelastic Models for the Characterization of Compression Behavior of Warp-Knitted Spacer Fabrics
Authors: Yousefpour Masih , Ahmadi Mohammad Saleh , Payvandy Pedram 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Nowadays, Warp-Knitted Spacer Fabrics (WKSF) have been widely used for many technical applications. Compressional behavior of WKSF is one of their important properties. Physical modeling is one of the solutions to predict these properties for engineered designing of WKSF. In this study, four common physical models are introduced and compared in order to simulate compressional behavior of polyester WKSF. Genetic Algorithm (GA) was applied to optimize each model parameter. The results showed that the Burger model has the highest adoption with 0.2 percent Mean Absolut Error (MAE). The effect of thickness, outer fabric structure and spacer monofilament density on viscoelastic properties of the samples were also studied.
3-D Simulation of Double-Bar Plush Fabrics with Jacquard Patterns
Authors: Zhang Aijun , Li Xinxin , Jiang Gaoming , Dong Zhijia , Cong Honglian 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
A realistic computerized simulation of double-bar plush fabrics can result in a time-saving development process with high quality. Based on basic analysis of jacquard principles, a fast 3-D simulation method of warp-knitted plush fabrics is proposed by using a geometry shader on GPU. Firstly, pile areas and non-pile areas are identified according to the jacquard design graphs and chain notations. According to the directions of observation and raised pile, two layered chips are formed in the geometry shader with an approach of multi-layered textures. To ensure that the simulated piles resemble the real ones, the directions of the piles are randomized with the Perlin noise method. One pile is generated along its length with numerous layers in the plush fabric model. Simulation results of piles on both the technical face and technical back are obtained via the model built above, which is confirmed with practicability and efficiency. This 3D simulation approach improves the visualization appearance of piles just as they are actually raised.
Impact of Vertical and Horizontal Forces on the Seam in the Technological Process of Sewing Knit Fabrics
Authors: Šajatović Blaženka Brlobašić , Bolić Bajro , Petrak Slavenka 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the increase in vertical and horizontal forces of the presser foot on the seam during the technological process of sewing knit fabrics. The research was performed on three types of knit fabrics: double jersey (rib one plus one), interlock knit fabric, and bleached interlock knit fabric. In order to meet the criterion of seam quality, it is necessary to adjust the above-mentioned parameters optimally. Depending on the type of the knit fabric, the values of the investigated forces change, and by increasing the number of layers and the sewing speed, the force values increase.
Infrastructure-based digital maps for connected autonomous vehicles
Authors: Quack Tobias , Bösinger Michael , Heßeler Frank-Josef , Abel Dirk 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
One major key to autonomous driving is reliable knowledge about the vehicle's surroundings. In complex situations like
urban intersections, the vehicle's on-board sensors are often unable to detect and classify all features of the
environment. Therefore, high-precision digital maps are widely used to provide the vehicle with additional information. In
this article, we introduce a system which makes use of a mobile edge computing architecture (MEC) for computing digital
maps on infrastructure-based, distributed computers. In cooperation with the mobile network operator Vodafone an LTE test
field is implemented at the Aldenhoven Testing Center (ATC). The proving ground thus combines an urban crossing with the
MEC capabilities of the LTE test field so that the developed methods can be tested in a realistic scenario. In the near
future the LTE test field will be equipped with the new 5G mobile standard allowing for fast and reliable exchange of map
and sensor data between vehicles and infrastructure.
Driver observation and shared vehicle control: supporting the driver on the way back into the control loop
Authors: Ludwig Julian , Martin Manuel , Horne Matthias , Flad Michael , Voit Michael , Stiefelhagen Rainer , Hohmann Sören 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
In the near future, drivers of automated cars will still have to take over from time to time at short notice. Current control systems implement a hard switch, disabling the automation all at once. However, studies show that the driver’s ability to take over depends on his last activity. We therefore propose a system that uses camera based observation of the driver to assess the situation and to predict transition times. We combine this with a control system that uses a cooperative shared control method to support the driver in takeover situations and allows him to adjust safely to the current situation. We present our first steps towards this goal and show both how the behavior of the driver in the interior can be assessed and how a cooperative control transfer can be implemented. We further point out the necessary steps to implement the proposed system and give a first impression of the performance via simulation.
Environment representations for automated on-road vehicles
Authors: Schreier Matthias 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
One of the key challenges of any Automated Driving (AD) system lies in the perception and representation of the driving environment. Data from a multitude of different information sources such as various vehicle environment sensors, external communication interfaces, and digital maps must be adequately combined to one consistent Comprehensive Environment Model (CEM) that acts as a generic abstraction layer for the driving functions. This overview article summarizes and discusses different approaches in this area with a focus on metric representations of static and dynamic driving environments for on-road AD systems. Feature maps, parametric free space maps, interval maps, occupancy grid maps, elevation maps, the stixel world, multi-level surface maps, voxel grids, meshes, and raw sensor data models are presented and compared in this regard.
Overview of HAD validation and passive HAD as a concept for validating highly automated cars
Authors: Koenig Alexander , Witzlsperger Kathrin , Leutwiler Florin , Hohmann Sören 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Highly automated driving (HAD) is under rapid development and will be available for customers within the next years. However, the evidence that HAD is at least as safe as human driving has still not been produced. The first part of this paper gives an overview over current approaches of validation and elaborates on the main challenges associated with them. In the second part, the Passive HAD approach is presented, which proposes a statistical validation of HAD by utilizing a fraction of the billions of kilometers driven every year by common drivers. To guarantee safety, the HAD function has access to sensors but its output is not executed, which results in an open loop problem. The loop is closed by a simulation which is based on the real life scenario and driver models individually matched to the surrounding traffic participants.
Risk estimation for driving support and behavior planning in intelligent vehicles
Authors: Eggert Julian 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Vehicles will be equipped with sensors and functions for highly automated driving in the foreseeable future. A big topic of research on the way to this goal is how to convey to these vehicles an understanding of the driving situations that is comparable to that of humans. For safe driving, this requires predicting how a scene will evolve and anticipating how dangerous it will potentially be. Risk estimation is a central ingredient in this process. In this paper, we describe how risk modeling frameworks help in managing the complexity of the driving task. We approach risk from the perspective of rare probabilistic events in environments where predictions might be inherently uncertain, and explain how this leads to a survival-based formulation which allows to model different types of risks encountered in driving situations within a single unified concept. In addition, we show how the framework can be used for driving behavior evaluation and risk-avoiding trajectory planning.
Multicenter validation study for the certification of a CFTR gene scanning method using next generation sequencing technology
Authors: Bergougnoux Anne , D’Argenio Valeria , Sollfrank Stefanie , Verneau Fanny , Telese Antonella , Postiglione Irene , Lackner Karl J. , Claustres Mireille , Castaldo Giuseppe , Rossmann Heidi , Salvatore Francesco , Raynal Caroline 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackground:Many European laboratories offer molecular genetic analysis of theCFTRgene using a wide range of methods to identify mutations causative of cystic fibrosis (CF) and CFTR-related disorders (CFTR-RDs). Next-generation sequencing (NGS) strategies are widely used in diagnostic practice, and CE marking is now required for most in vitro diagnostic (IVD) tests in Europe. The aim of this multicenter study, which involved three European laboratories specialized in CF molecular analysis, was to evaluate the performance of Multiplicom’s CFTR MASTR Dx kit to obtain CE-IVD certification.Methods:A total of 164 samples, previously analyzed with well-established “reference” methods for the molecular diagnosis of theCFTRgene, were selected and re-sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq benchtop NGS platform. Sequencing data were analyzed using two different bioinformatic pipelines. Annotated variants were then compared to the previously obtained reference data.Results and conclusions:The analytical sensitivity, specificity and accuracy rates of the Multiplicom CFTR MASTR assay exceeded 99%. Because different types ofCFTRmutations can be detected in a single workflow, the CFTR MASTR assay simplifies the overall process and is consequently well suited for routine diagnostics.
Calculation of temperature distribution and rheological properties of the lithosphere along geotransect in the Red Sea region
Authors: Dérerová Jana , Kohút Igor , Radwan Anwar H. , Bielik Miroslav 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe temperature model of the lithosphere along profile passing through the Red Sea region has been derived using 2D integrated geophysical modelling method. Using the extrapolation of failure criteria, lithology and calculated temperature distribution, we have constructed the rheological model of the lithosphere in the area. We have calculated the strength distribution in the lithosphere and constructed the strength envelopes for both compressional and extensional regimes. The obtained results indicate that the strength steadily decreases from the Western desert through the Eastern desert towards the Red Sea where it reaches its minimum for both compressional and extensional regime. Maximum strength can be observed in the Western desert where the largest strength reaches values of about 250–300 MPa within the upper crust on the boundary between upper and lower crust. In the Eastern desert we observe slightly decreased strength with max values about 200–250 MPa within upper crust within 15 km with compression being dominant. These results suggest mostly rigid deformation in the region or Western and Eastern desert. In the Red Sea, the strength rapidly decreases to its minimum suggesting ductile processes as a result of higher temperatures.
Effect of snow cover on soil frost penetration
Authors: Rožnovský Jaroslav , Brzezina Jáchym 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSnow cover occurrence affects wintering and lives of organisms because it has a significant effect on soil frost penetration. An analysis of the dependence of soil frost penetration and snow depth between November and March was performed using data from 12 automated climatological stations located in Southern Moravia, with a minimum period of measurement of 5 years since 2001, which belong to the Czech Hydrometeorological institute. The soil temperatures at 5 cm depth fluctuate much less in the presence of snow cover. In contrast, the effect of snow cover on the air temperature at 2 m height is only very small. During clear sky conditions and no snow cover, soil can warm up substantially and the soil temperature range can be even higher than the range of air temperature at 2 m height. The actual height of snow is also important – increased snow depth means lower soil temperature range. However, even just 1 cm snow depth substantially lowers the soil temperature range and it can therefore be clearly seen that snow acts as an insulator and has a major effect on soil frost penetration and soil temperature range.
Carboxylesterase 1 genes: systematic review and evaluation of existing genotyping procedures
Authors: Rasmussen Henrik Berg , Madsen Majbritt Busk 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe carboxylesterase 1 gene (CES1) encodes a hydrolase that metabolizes commonly used drugs. TheCES1-related pseudogene, carboxylesterase 1 pseudogene 1 (CES1P1), has been implicated in gene exchange withCES1and in the formation of hybrid genes including the carboxylesterase 1A2 gene (CES1A2). Hence, theCES1region is complex. Usingin silicoPCR and alignment, we assessed the specificity of PCR-assisted procedures for genotypingCES1,CES1A2andCES1P1in studies identified in PubMed. We identified 33 such studies and excluded those that were not the first to use a procedure or lacked sequence information. After this 17 studies remained. Ten of these used haplotype-specific amplification, restriction enzyme treatment or amplicon sequencing, and included five that were predicted to lack specificity. All procedures for genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms in eight studies lacked specificity. One of these studies also used amplicon sequencing, thus being present in the group above. Some primers and their intended targets were mismatched. We provide experimental evidence that one of the procedures lacked specificity. Additionally, a complex pattern of segmental duplications in theCES1region was revealed. In conclusion, many procedures forCES1,CES1A2andCES1P1genotyping appear to lack specificity. Knowledge about the segmental duplications may improve the typing of these genes.
The Discursive Construction of Innovation Policy in Peripheralising Estonia
Authors: Schulz Sebastian 
Published: February 2018

An innovation-driven agenda in regional development policy has emerged in the European Union against the backdrop of peripheralisation, especially in Central and Eastern Europe. Using a discursive analytical framework, the article investigates the ways in which peripheralisation is manifested through language, practices and power-rationalities in Estonian innovation policy discourse. The analysis is footed on key strategic policy documents and semistructured expert interviews. Findings suggest that Estonian innovation policy’s main narrative of the ‘knowledge-based economy’ accepts growing disparities on sub-national level in order to overcome peripherality at European scale and narrows the range of policy solutions perceived as suitable.