bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of economic growth, trade openness, urbanization, and technology on environment of Asian emerging economies
Authors: Munir Kashif , Ameer Ayesha 
Published: July 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the long-run as well as short-run effect of economic growth, trade openness, urbanization and technology on environmental degradation (sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions) in Asian emerging economies.Design/methodology/approachThe study utilizes the augmented STIRPAT model and uses the panel cointegration and causality test to analyze the long-run and short-run relationships. Due to the unavailability of data for all Asian emerging economies, the study focuses on 11 countries, i.e. Bangladesh, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka and Thailand, and uses balance panel from 1980 to 2014 at annual frequency.FindingsResults showed that the inverted U-shape hypothesis of the environmental Kuznets curve holds between economic growth and SO2emissions. While technology and trade openness increases SO2emissions, urbanization reduces SO2emissions in Asian emerging economies in the long run. Unidirectional causality flows from urbanization to SO2emissions and from SO2emissions to economic growth in the short run.Practical implicationsResearch and development centers and programs are required at the government and private levels to control pollution through new technologies as well as to encourage the use of disposed-off waste as a source of energy which results in lower dependency on fossil fuels and leads to reduce emissions.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the existing literature by analyzing the effects of urbanization, economic growth, technology and trade openness on environmental pollution (measured by SO2emissions) in Asian emerging economies. This study provides the essential evidence, information and better understanding to key stakeholders of environment. The findings of this study are useful for individuals, corporate bodies, environmentalist, researchers and government agencies at large.
Thermal stress analysis of a thermosensitive functionally graded rectangular plate due to thermally induced resultant moments
Authors: Manthena V.R. , Kedar G.D. , Deshmukh K.C. 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to determine the temperature distribution of a thin rectangular plate made of thermosensitive functionally graded (FG) material. By finding out thermal deflection and stress resultants, the thermal stresses have been obtained and analyzed.

Design/methodology/approach
Initially, the rectangular plate is kept at the surrounding temperature. The upper, lower and two parallel sides (y=0, b and z=0, c) are thermally insulated, while other parallel sides (x=0, a) are given convective-type heating, that is, the rate of change of the temperature of the rectangular plate is proportional to the difference between its own temperature and the surrounding temperature. The non-linear heat conduction equation has been converted to linear form by introducing Kirchhoff’s variable transformation and the resultant heat conduction equation is solved by integral transform technique with hyperbolic varying point heat source.

Findings
A mathematical model is prepared for FG ceramic–metal-based material, in which alumina is selected as the ceramic and nickel as the metal. The thermal deflection and thermal stresses have been obtained for the homogeneous and nonhomogeneous materials. The results are illustrated numerically and depicted graphically for comparison. During this study, one observed that variations are seen in the stresses, due to the variation in the inhomogeneity parameters.

Research limitations/implications
The paper is constructed purely on theoretical mathematical modeling by considering various parameters and functions.

Practical implications
This type of theoretical analysis may be useful in high-temperature environments like nuclear components, spacecraft structural members, thermal barrier coatings, etc., as the effect of temperature and evaluation of temperature-dependent and nonhomogeneous material properties plays a vital role for accurate and reliable structural analysis.

Originality/value
In this paper, the authors have used thermal deflection and resultant stresses to determine the thermal stresses of a thin rectangular plate with temperature- and spatial variable-dependent material properties which is a new and novel contribution to the field.
Integrity as performance-increasing factor within the real estate industry
Authors: Piazolo Daniel , Förster Gerhard 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine how the strengthening of integrity within the real estate industry can lead to higher performance. Sticking to restricting ethical standards might be seen as reducing the range of options and consequently performance. However, in a dynamic setting of interactions there is a different outcome due to the performance effect of integrity. This is due to new opportunities that would not exist without integrity.

Design/methodology/approach
A literature review of ethics and the economics of trust is presented along with an analysis why real estate is an industry linked with corruption scandals.

Findings
Fostering integrity has an embedded challenge: integrity is invisible. Most capabilities and skills can be learnt through observation and imitation. However, what you cannot see, you cannot imitate. Consequently, education is central to address this issue and to increase awareness and understanding. Professional bodies have to support life-long education to ensure its members’ integrity.

Practical implications
This paper emphasizes the importance of fostering integrity through higher education and professional bodies within the real estate industry.

Social implications
Integrity is a performance-increasing factor—also in the real estate industry. Thus, the stakeholders forming the real estate industry, including educational institutions and professional bodies, are called upon to examine how they can address this issue.

Originality/value
This contribution is the first paper to link the performance effect of integrity with the real estate industry.
Brokerage fee, ownership expropriation and earnings management of Malaysian property companies
Authors: Ung Lik Jing , Brahmana Rayenda Khresna , Puah Chin-Hong 
Published: July 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate whether real estate companies manipulate their earnings through the brokerage fee across ownership expropriation or not.Design/methodology/approachThis study considers Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange listed real estate firms to investigate how the brokerage fee in the real estate industry might affect the earnings management of firms across its ownership expropriation. Using annual report data, the authors investigate the associations over a panel for the period 2008−2012. Robust panel regression is used to divulge the probability values with reference by probit regression.FindingsOverall, the results show that high brokerage fees would drive more events of earnings management and that, generally, the ownership concentration among Malaysian real estate firms significantly affects the earnings management of the firms.Practical implicationsThis study shows that firm profitability and brokerage fees enhance the probability of firm’s earnings management. A low brokerage fee would reflect low revenue to the company. Therefore, management would opt to manipulate earnings in order to overstate earnings, which garners more interest from investors.Originality/valueReal estate values in Malaysia have climbed steadily over the years due to a combination of reasons giving companies a higher brokerage fee. Earnings management has become a big issue for property investors. The study demonstrates the relationship between earnings management and brokerage fee across ownership expropriation which can be considered by shareholders in their own strategic planning and investors in their own investing.
Compensation for land and building compulsorily acquired in Nigeria
Authors: Egbenta Idu Robert , Udoudoh Francis P. 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
Valuation for compensation on land and buildings compulsorily acquired for public purposes is statutory. The Land Use Act (LUA) of 1978 now cited as Laws of the Federation of Nigeria, CAP l5 LFN 2007, stipulates the use of Depreciated Replacement Cost (DRC) Method in the valuation for compensation purposes for building and installation. The purpose of this paper is to criticize the application of the DRC technique in the valuation by acquiring authority as it does not arrive at fair market value and adequate compensation in Nigeria.

Design/methodology/approach
The method adopted for the study was a case study of real world valuation for compensation. Data used in the study were gathered mainly from government ministries and agencies responsible for land acquisition and compensation purposes. They included the Ministry of Lands and Housing, Land Use and Allocation Committee, and Ministry of Works and Transport. Market data on rental value, sales prices and other relevant data were collected from firms of professional that deal in real property.

Findings
The result of the study reveals that valuation by acquiring authority using DRC methods as prescribed by the LUA does not reflect market value and it is inadequate to put the claimants in the position they were before the acquisition. As such, most victims expressed dissatisfaction with the amount paid to them, which sometimes result to crisis, conflict and prolonged litigation, resulting in delay in executing or abandonment of the intended project.

Research limitations/implications
The study is limited to only one case study on acquisition and compensation for land and buildings with particular reference to Akwa Ibom State. This limitation does not invalidate the result as the law is applicable to the whole country.

Practical implications
The implication is that the LUA needs to be review to fair market value as basis of valuation and payment for site value as well as the constitution to add “adequate” to Section 44 (1a). This will reduce the incidence of many communities and land owners protest against the decision of government or its agents to acquire their land for public purposes.

Originality/value
The methodology meets the requirement of the law regarding compulsory land acquisition and compensation in Nigeria: The LUA of 1978. Using three scenarios: the valuation by acquiring authority, claimant’s valuers and independent valuers to illustrate the critique of the methodology, the result shows the inadequacy of compensation.
Employability as an alternative to job security
Authors: Bernstrøm Vilde Hoff , Drange Ida , Mamelund Svenn-Erik 
Published: July 2018

PurposeEmployability has been suggested as an alternative to job security in response to more flexible work arrangements, arguing that the important question for employees is no longer the security of their current job, but their employment security in the labour market. The purpose of this paper is to test two core assumptions of this argument: first, is employability associated with a lower preference for job security? And second, are individuals with lower job security in fact compensated with higher employability? Both assumptions have received criticism in recent literature. The focus is on employees’ perceived basic and aspiring employability. The former refers to employees’ expectations of remaining in employment and the latter to expectations of upward mobility.Design/methodology/approachThe data used in the analysis were nationally representative Norwegian survey data from 12,945 employees (2009–2013).FindingsEmployees with higher aspiring employability and education levels have a significantly lower preference for job security, but this is not the case for employees with higher basic employability. Additionally, while employees with lower job security have higher aspiring employability, they have lower basic employability and receive less employer-supported training.Originality/valueThe current paper is the first to investigate how employability relates to the employees’ own preference for job security. In line with critics of the employability argument, the results support that job security continues to be an important protection mechanism. Moreover, employees with low job security lose out twice as employers also invest less in their training and future employability.
Performance of coatings containing treated silica fume in the corrosion protection of reinforced concrete
Authors: Ahmed Nivin M. , Mohamed Mostafa G. , Tammam Reham H. , Mabrouk Mohamed R. 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
This study aims to apply novel anticorrosive pigments containing silica fume-phosphates (Si-Ph), which were prepared using core-shell technique by covering 80-90 per cent silica fume (core) with 10-20 per cent phosphates (shell) previously, to play dual functions simultaneously as anticorrosive pigments in coating formulations and as an anticorrosive admixture in concrete even if it is not present in the concrete itself. Two comparisons were held out to show the results of coatings on rebars containing core-shell pigments in concrete, and concrete admixtured with silica fume can perform a dual function as anticorrosive pigment and concrete admixture. The evaluation of corrosion protection efficiency of coatings containing core-shell pigments and those containing phosphates was performed.

Design/methodology/approach
Simple chemical techniques were used to prepare core-shell pigments, and their characterization was carried out in a previous work. These pigments were incorporated in solvent-based paint formulations based on epoxy resin. Different electrochemical techniques such as open-circuit potential and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to evaluate the anticorrosive efficiency of the new pigments.

Findings
The electrochemical measurements showed that concrete containing coated rebars with core-shell pigments exhibited almost similar results to that of concrete admixtured with silica fume. Also, the anticorrosive performance of coatings containing Si-Ph pigments offered protection efficiency almost similar to that of phosphates, proving that these new pigments can perform both roles as anticorrosive pigment and concrete admixture.

Originality/value
Although the new Si-Ph pigments contain more than 80 per cent waste material, its performance can be compared to original phosphate pigments in the reinforced concrete.
Correlation between repassivation kinetics and pitting potential of 316L stainless steel in the presence of green inhibitors
Authors: Ogunbadejo Adekunle Sulaimon , Aribo Sunday , Olaseinde Oluwatoyin Adenike , Ige Oladeji O. , Olubambi Peter 
Published: July 2018

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the stability of passive oxide film formed on the surface of 316L stainless steel in 3.5 Wt.% NaCl in the presence of two environmentally non-toxic inhibitors, i.e. leaf extracts ofMusaspp. (MS) andJatropha curcas(JC).Design/methodology/approachCurrent transients and potentiodynamic polarization curves were used to explain the stability of the passive film on Current transients and potentiodynamic polarization curves were used to explain the stability of the passive film on 316L stainless steel at both ambient temperature (25 °C) and 70 °C. For the potentiostatic tests, the coupons underwent cathodic stripping to remove the native oxide on their surfaces at −850 mV for 600 s, and a potential of 50 mV was imposed to observe the repassivation for 200 s. For the potentiodynamic tests, the pitting potential measured at 100 μA/cm2, corrosion potential and cathodic current density were obtained for analysis.FindingsThe current transients perfectly fitted into the exponential decay curve; i = is+ ipeakexp(−t/τ), where the decay constant, τ measures the repassivating speed and extent to which the newly formed film heals and stabilizes. The current transients showed that MS and JC help in the repassivating process, especially at 300 ppm and 200 ppm, respectively, both at the lower temperature. The potentiodynamic curves mostly correlated with the current transients except for the hybrid inhibitor. The inhibitors increased the pitting potentials at concentrations that are correlated to their scanning electron micrograph images.Research limitations/implicationsBecause they are cheap and environmentally friendly, plant extracts that are proven corrosion inhibitors could be used to aid the formation of passive film on passive alloys in not-so-aggressive environments.Practical implicationsBoth MS and JC improve the film stability mostly at intermediate concentrations of 200 and 300 ppm, respectively, at ambient temperature and 70° C.Social implicationsUsing leaf extracts of plants as green inhibitors is considered an environmentally friendly engineering solution.Originality/valueThe leaf extracts are a convenient resource of green inhibitors because their plants are readily available or could be easily naturalized, the processing technique to obtain the extracts is very cheap and the inhibitors are environmentally friendly. In addition, cathodic stripping exposes a relatively larger surface area than that obtained using the most common forms of depassivation; hence, the efficiency of the inhibitor in aiding the formation of the new oxide film to cover the bare surface would be better measured. There is very lean research data on the combined use of green inhibitors and cathodic stripping to study repassivating kinetics of passive alloys.
Local geographies of developing country social enterprises
Authors: Jammulamadaka Nimruji , Chakraborty Kamalika 
Published: July 2018

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the geographic distribution of social enterprises at the local sub-district level in one Indian state.Design/methodology/approachThis paper adopts a multimethod approach. The exploratory phase involved interviews and analysis of social enterprise distribution at the national level. Phase 2 involved mapping the distribution of social enterprises at the sub-district level in one state. Distribution around established social enterprises was plotted using latitude–longitude positions. Grounded theory approach to analysing qualitative data was adopted to identify the mechanism for agglomeration.FindingsSocial entrepreneurship sees the entrepreneurial problems as solving universalized social problems abstracting them out of the geo-historical and political economic context of the social problem. This study shows that solving a social problem is itself implicated in a social–historical organizational context of aid giving within developing countries. Networks of resources that early enterprises enable draw newer organizations toward them and lead to the formation of clusters. While such clusters might improve chances of enterprise survival, the phenomenon inadvertently leads to a new kind of inequity, as areas with fewer social enterprises lack the organizational infrastructure necessary for delivery of welfare.Research limitations/implicationsResearch in social enterprises needs to pay more attention to the context of the enterprises or society in addition to its current focus on universal social problems. Social enterprises themselves could be new sources of inequity in terms of the organizational infrastructure they represent.Originality/valuePolicymakers need to make directed efforts that respond not only to social problems but also to the socio-historic-organizational contexts where the problems are being solved and seeding the entrepreneurial effort in those spaces.
Breaking compulsive buying-financial trouble chain of young Malaysian consumers
Authors: Aw Eugene Cheng-Xi , Cheah Jun-Hwa , Ng Siew Imm , Sambasivan Murali 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine compulsive buying and its interrelationships with careful spending, loan dependence and financial trouble. This study also aims to investigate the moderating role of gender.

Design/methodology/approach
A questionnaire-based survey was conducted. Two hundred and seven responses were collected using purposive sampling technique. Partial least square–structural equation modelling was performed to analyze the proposed hypotheses.

Findings
The salient findings are (1) careful spending negatively influences compulsive buying, (2) compulsive buying positively influences loan dependence and financial trouble, (3) loan dependence positively influences financial trouble, (4) the relationships between careful spending and compulsive buying, and between loan dependence and financial trouble differ between male and female consumers, (5) there is a sequential mediation effect between careful spending and financial trouble and (6) there are gender differences between careful spending and compulsive buying and between loan dependence and financial trouble.

Research limitations/implications
This study empirically validates the role of short-term money attitude, conceptualized as careful spending in compulsive buying context and how it attenuates the consequences of compulsive buying.

Originality/value
This study explains the serial mechanism in which careful spending can be used to counteract financial trouble of youngsters, and further looks into the differences of relationships in term of gender through multi-group analysis.
Rapid alteration of serum interleukin‐6 levels may predict the reactivity of i.v. cyclophosphamide pulse therapy in systemic sclerosis‐associated interstitial lung disease
Authors: Numajiri Hiroko , Yoshizaki Ayumi , Fukasawa Takemichi , Ebata Satoshi , Nakamura Kouki , Yamashita Takashi , Saigusa Ryosuke , Miura Syunsuke , Hirabayashi Megumi , Yoshizaki Asako , Sumida Hayakazu , Asano Yoshihide , Kazoe Yutaka , Mawatari Kazuma , Kitamori Takehiko , Sato Shinichi 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSystemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by excessive extracellular matrix deposition. Although SSc‐associated interstitial lung disease (ILD) is one of the most important complications as a cause of death in SSc, prediction factors of treatment reactivity in SSc‐ILD are still unclear. To assess relationships between interleukin (IL)‐6 and reactivity to treatment, we measured serum IL‐6 levels in 23 of active SSc‐ILD patients under i.v. cyclophosphamide (IVCY) therapy and 20 of stabilized SSc‐ILD, using the high‐sensitivity enzyme‐linked immunoassay system. Serum IL‐6 levels in active SSc‐ILD patients were significantly higher than those in stabilized SSc‐ILD patients. Among active SSc‐ILD patients, baseline serum IL‐6 levels were not significantly different between IVCY responders and non‐responders. Meanwhile, serum IL‐6 levels after three IVCY doses out of a total of six were decreased in responders but not in non‐responders. Regarding changes of parameters by the three doses of a total of six of IVCY, change in serum IL‐6 levels correlated inversely with that in values of pulmonary function test. Thus, the rapid decrease in serum IL‐6 levels during a couple of doses may predict the efficacy of IVCY therapy against SSc‐ILD.