bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Healthy eating promoting in a Brazilian sports-oriented school: a pilot study
Authors: Massarani Fábia Albernaz , Citelli Marta , Canella Daniela Silva , Koury Josely Correa 
Published: August 2019

Background
Adolescents, particularly athletes, have high exposure to ultra-processed foods, which could be harmful to their health and physical performance. School environments are capable of improving eating patterns. Our study is aimed at capturing changes in students’ food consumption three years after they enrolled at an experimental school, considered a model of health promotion in Rio de Janeiro city. We also aimed to depict the promising nature of the healthy eating promotion program implemented in the school and share the learnings from its implementation.

Methods
Our pilot study was a follow-up on the implementation of a school garden, experimental kitchen activities, and health promotion classes. We evaluated 83 adolescent athletes’ food consumption twice during the study: at its beginning (2013) and end (2016), by administering a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) that inquired about the frequency of foods consumed in the past week. To evaluate how effectively the activities were established, integrated, and sustained in schools, the Garden Resources, Education, and Environment Nexus (GREEN) tool was used, and the school’s adherence to the school garden program was classified as high (scored 47 points out of 57).

Results
In 2013, 89 adolescents (mean ± SD 11.9 ± 0.4 years, 54% male) participated in the study, of which 83 continued until 2016 (14.8 ± 0.5 years, 55% male). In 2013, the mean frequency of raw salad and fruits consumption was 1.4 (CI [1.0–1.9]) and 4.3 (CI [3.8–4.9]) days per week, respectively. Three years later, the frequency of raw salad and fruits consumption was 2.2 (CI [1.6–2.7]) and 5.0 (4.5–5.5), respectively. Considering that five meals were offered at school (five days/week), it may be possible to assume that the program raised awareness on the importance of healthy eating.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that such integrated healthy eating promotion programs may improve adolescent athletes’ eating habits, by increasing the frequency of their consumption of unprocessed foods. This pilot study’s results inspired us to implement an expanded project at the municipal level. Since 2018, teachers who participated in this program are working with Rio de Janeiro’s Municipal Secretary of Education for Coordination of Curricular Projects. Some learnings from this pilot study on implementing the garden/experimental kitchen project in this school are being applied in 65 schools of the municipal network: joint activities must be fostered among students, teachers, and parents; healthy eating needs to be a respected value among adolescent athletes and become an example for parents and teachers.
The Addition of Minced Catfish (Pangasius sp.) as a Protein Source on Tortilla Chips by Preference Level
Authors: Dinnaryanti Astri , Rochima Emma , Dhahiyat Yayat , Rostini Iis 
Published: August 2019

Aims: This research aims to determine the addition of minced catfish (Pangasius sp.) that was added to the most preferred tortilla chips by the panelist.
Place and Duration of Study: Fisheries Product Processing Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Padjadjaran University in May-July 2018.
Methodology: The method used in this research was the experimental method with the five treatments, which were the addition of minced fish were 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% and involving 20 semi panelists as replication. The addition of minced were calculated based on the weight of corn flour. The observed parameters were yield, hedonic test (appearance, aroma, texture, taste) and chemical characteristics (protein and water content) in control and most preferred treatment. Data processing using Friedman and Bayes Test.
Results: The results showed that tortilla chips with the addition of 10% of minced catfish was the most preferred tortilla chips by panelists with an average score of appearance, aroma, texture and taste are 7.00; 6.40; 6.70; and 7.60. The yield of tortilla chips is 75.77%. Chemical test results of protein content is 9.98% and water content is 2.28%.
Conclusion: Tortilla chips with the addition of 10% of minced catfish was tortilla chips which was most preferred by panelists.
Tonsillectomy in Adults: Analysis of Indications and Outcome in Sokoto, North Western Nigeria
Authors: Aliyu D. , Solomon J. H. 
Published: August 2019

Background: Tonsillectomy is a well-established surgical procedure practiced commonly by otolaryngologist for removal of tonsils. Although being a relatively simple and common procedure, it is not without considerable complications. This study aimed to profile the indication and outcome of adult tonsillectomy in our region.
Method: This was a retrospective study of all adults who had tonsillectomy in the department of Otorhinolaryngology, Usman Danfodiyo Teaching Hospital, (UDUTH) Sokoto, over a seven-year period from 1st January 2011 to 31st December 2017. All information was carefully retrieved from each patient’s case file and from the operation register. The data retrieved was subsequently analysed.
Results: A total of 55 adults patients had tonsillectomy over the period of study. Age range was 18 to 45 years with a mean age of 26.3 years. There were 16 males (29.1%) and 39 females (70.9%) with a male to female ratio of 1:2.4. Recurrent tonsillitis 28(50.9%) was the commonest indication; others include: post quinsy 13(23.6%), tonsillomegally 6(10.9%); suspected neoplasm 6(10.9%); recurrent otalgia secondary to tonsillomegally 2(3.6%) Five patients had unilateral tonsillectomy for suspected neoplasm while others had bilateral tonsillectomy. Cold dissection was used in 37 (67.2%) of the patients, while 18(32.7%)were by electro cautery (Bipolar diathermy).
The commonest post-operative complication was pain in all patients, followed by otalgia (29.1%) and secondary post tonsillectomy bleed in two patients. No patient had blood transfusion. Hospital average stay was 3 days.
Follow up was uneventful in 16 (29.1%) of patients while 4(7.3%) patients had squamous cell carcinoma and were refered to Oncologist. The remaining 35 patients were lost to follow up.
Conclusion: The commonest indication for Adult tonsillectomy is chronic recurrent tonsillitis. Histopathological analysis of every tonsil specimen is advocated.
In-vitro Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Phytochemical Constituents of Methanol Leaf Extract of Prosopis africana against Some Selected Microorganisms
Authors: Raji Abdulmumin Adam , Jummai Kassim Zainab , Busu Mohammed Shehu , Ya’aba Yakubu , Kolo Ibrahim 
Published: August 2019

Introduction: The idea that certain plants had healing potential was known long before human beings discovered the existence of pathogens.
Methodology: The crude methanolic leaf extract of Prosopis africana was assayed for antimicrobial potency using Agar-well diffusion technique against Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Candida albicans. Qualitative phytochemical screening was also carried out.
Results: The results of the antimicrobial screening showed antimicrobial potency against the test isolates with various degrees of zone of inhibition which varied between 10 mm – 22 mm. The highest zone was reported against Klebsiella pneumoniae (22 mm), followed by Streptococcus pyogenes and Candida albicans (21 mm), Salmonella typhi (20 mm), MRSA (19 mm) and then Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18 mm). Chloramphenicol and Fluconazole are used as reference standard and their zones of inhibitions ranged from 26 mm – 29 mm. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the extract ranged between 12.50 mg/mL – 50.00 mg/mL whilst the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) of the extract were at 50.00 mg/mL. The result of phytochemical screening revealed the presence of carbohydrates, flavonoids, phenols/tannins, saponins, terpenes, steroids, cardiac glycosides and alkaloids as secondary metabolites.
Conclusion: The findings clearly showed that methanolic leaf extract of P. africana has proved its use in folklore as an alternative antimicrobial agent and further research can lead to isolation of a new lead of medical importance.
Ant-diabetic Effect of Two Medicinal Plants: Cataranthus roseus and Nauclea latifolium on Some Biochemical Indices of Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Albino Wistar Rats
Authors: Ofem E. Eteng , Abam Kenyoh , Ekpo Grace , Ufot Savour , Enobong Joe , Ubana Eyong , Clement Tarnando 
Published: August 2019

The study was carried out to investigate the anti-diabetic effects of two medicinal plants Cataranthus roseus (C.R) and Nauclea latifolium (N.L) on some biochemical indices of streptozotocin induced diabetic albino wistar rats.
Methods: Ethanolic leaf extracts of C.R. and N.L. were given at daily doses of 500 mg/kg body weight in two divided doses each for 14 days. Thirty albino wistar rats were divided into five (5) groups, consisting of 6 rats each viz: Group 1(normal control), Group 2 (diabetic control), Group 3 (insulin treated), Group 4 (received N.L) and Group 5 (received C.R.).
Results: The results of the phytochemical screening contain flavonoids, polyphenols, and alkaloids were found to be present in appreciable amount in N.L while saponins and tannins were found in traceable concentration. Fasting blood glucose levels showed significant decrease (P<0.05) in all the test groups compared to diabetic control and closely related to the insulin treated groups. A significant increase (P<0.05) was observed in (TG) and (TC) concentration of all treated groups compared to the diabetic control group. The concentration of HDL was significantly increased while there was also a significant decreased (P<0.05) in VLDL and LDL in the diabetic control group and insulin group when compared to the normal control group, except for C.R treated group that shows a significant decrease compared with the diabetic control group. Enzymes activities were increased in insulin and diabetic groups. A significant reduction (P<0.05) was observed with the treated group of C.R. and N.L compared to the normal control group. Also, observed was a decrease in albumin level in groups treated with the extracts. Marked reduction in total protein level was observed in groups treated with extracts and insulin, compared to the normal control group. Serum concentrations of Na+, K+, Cl- in diabetic control groups showed a significant increase (P<0.05) compared to the normal control group. K+ concentration was observed to be significantly decreased (P<0.05) in all groups treated with extract and insulin compared to the normal control group.
Conclusions: The results demonstrated that C. roseus and N. latifolium have anti-diabetic and antihepatotoxic properties and could be potential herbal remedy in treating and managing diabetic conditions.
Cholesterol, Triglyceride, and Glucose Levels Across Birth Cohorts in the US
Authors: Huang Xiaoning , Petito Lucia C. , Shah Nilay S. , Lloyd-Jones Donald M. , Khan Sadiya S. , Cameron Natalie A. 
Published: December 2024

ImportancePopulation mean levels of total cholesterol and fasting triglycerides have decreased substantially in the US in recent decades, but improvements in cardiometabolic health may have slowed among younger cohorts. Conversely, prevalence of diabetes (types 1 and 2) and obesity has increased, especially among adults younger than 65 years. It is unclear how trends in cholesterol, triglyceride, and glucose levels have changed across different birth cohorts and whether adverse trends in obesity are associated with these patterns.ObjectiveTo quantify national trends in total cholesterol, fasting triglyceride, and fasting glucose levels among cohorts born between 1920 and 1999 and examine the potential association of these patterns with body mass index (BMI).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis serial cross-sectional study used National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from the 1999-2000 to 2017-2020 cycles. Data were analyzed between November 1, 2023, and July 31, 2024. Participants included nonpregnant and noninstitutionalized US adults 18 years or older, born between 1920 and 1999, who had data collected from 1999 to 2020.ExposureEight 10-year birth cohorts (from 1920 to 1999).Main Outcomes and MeasuresTotal cholesterol, fasting triglyceride, and fasting glucose levels and BMI. Quantile regression models reported average marginal effects to quantify mean change in cardiometabolic outcome measures per decade of birth years. Parametric regression models estimated the association of birth cohort with outcomes, assessing BMI as the mediator.ResultsOf 52 006 participants weighted to represent 264 664 915 US adults, weighted median age was 46 (IQR, 33-60) years and 50.6% were women. For the 50th percentile of measures, mean difference per 1-decade younger birth cohort was −7.1 (95% CI, −8.2 to −6.1) mg/dL for total cholesterol level, −13.1 (95% CI, −15.1 to −11.1) mg/dL for fasting triglyceride level, and 2.7 (95% CI, 2.3-3.1) mg/dL for fasting glucose level. BMI appeared to attenuate the associations between birth cohort and lipid levels and enhanced the associations between birth cohort and fasting glucose levels. However, up to 80% of the associations between birth cohorts and cardiometabolic outcomes were not mediated through BMI.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study of 52 006 participants representing 264 664 915 US adults, population-level improvements in total cholesterol and triglyceride levels decelerated and adverse trends in glucose levels accelerated in more recent birth cohorts, which was partially mediated by concurrent increases in BMI. Public health initiatives that target antecedent health behaviors are needed to improve cardiometabolic health across generations.
A Real‐Time Imaging Sensing System to Visualize Elastomer Surface Profile Evolution for Dynamic Tactile Recognition
Authors: Zou Zhibin , Li Zilan , Zhou Yuanzhi , Zhou Guoyuan , Xu Weiliang , Huang Muxing , Wu Wenfeng , Zhang Huiming , Dai Zhaohe , Li Xinming 
Published: December 2024

AbstractElastomer‐based interfaces provide rich functionalities for tactile sensing, particularly in making tiny differences in contact dynamics potentially detectable. However, the minimal motion‐induced changes in the elastomer's surface and their disappearance during time‐lapse limit the state recognition within the current scheme of motion recognition. In this work, a new scheme of real‐time motion mode recognition for subtle deformations is proposed, which uses an optical tactile sensing system to visualize and distinguish tiny variations in surface profile evolution encoded as images. Illustrating with a sphere, sliding‐induced asymmetric elastomer surface deformation is visualized as a “drag” in optical images. The convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm is used to analyze the evolution of surface contour features during the interaction between the sphere and the elastic medium. Motion state recognition is achieved with 80% accuracy when a displacement of only 8.3% of the sphere diameter is produced. In addition, the system also offers the potential to analyze dynamic motion information through a single image, with an accuracy of 82.7% for velocity recognition. This dynamic real‐time recognition framework for soft media deformation paves the way for novel motion‐based input commands for tactile sensing and human‐computer interaction applications.
Ultrasmall High‐Entropy‐Alloy Nanozyme Catalyzed In Vivo ROS and NO Scavenging for Anti‐Inflammatory Therapy
Authors: Choi Daeeun , Boo Yeonju , Park Seonhye , Xu Liangliang , Kim Seongbeen , Yi Seung Yeop , Lee Sangmin , Wu Ruopeng , Kim Won Jong , Lee Jinwoo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHigh‐entropy alloy (HEA) nanoparticles possess finely tunable and multifunctional catalytic activity due to their extremely diverse adsorption sites. Their unique properties enable HEA nanoparticles to mimic the complex interactions of the redox homeostasis system, which is composed of cascade and multiple enzymatic reactions. The application of HEAs in mimicking complex enzymatic systems remains relatively unexplored, despite the importance of regulating biological redox reactions. Here, it is reported that ultra‐small (<10 nm in a diameter) HEA nanozymes consisting of five platinum‐group metals with tunable morphologies from planar to dendritic structures are synthesized. The synthesized HEA nanozymes exhibited higher peroxidase‐like activity compared to monometallic platinum‐group nanoparticles. Additionally, HEA nanoparticles effectively mimicked RONS‐regulation metabolism in cascade reactions involving superoxide dismutase and catalase, as well as in multiple reactions including HORAC and NO scavenging. As a result, the HEA nanozyme exhibited superior anti‐inflammatory efficacy both in vitro and in vivo. The findings underscore the effectiveness of the high‐entropy alloy structure in restoring in vivo enzymatic systems through intrinsic activity enhancements and cascade reaction mechanisms.
Biomimetically Inspired Micro‐Nano Hierarchical Structures of Rose Petals for Efficient SERS Sensing Applications
Authors: Xia Yunjie , Sun Mengnan , Zhang Li , Qi Shuyan , Jia Yaru , Li Zihou , Wang Mingkun , Li Shunxiang , Wu Aiguo , Chen Bo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSurface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) detection is a crucial technology for rapid sensing and “fingerprinting”, achieved through the combination of Raman spectroscopy and arrays of noble metal nanoparticles (NPs). This study introduces a low‐cost biomimetic‐inspired approach to fabricate rose petal structured micro/nano hierarchical structures with silver (Ag) film, serving as a reliable SERS substrate. These substrates are thoroughly compared by replicating the upper surface of rose petals of different colors into a transparent polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) mixture and subsequently sputtering Ag film of varying thicknesses. Ultimately, the white negative rose PDMS replica is chosen, demonstrating a high enhancement factor, good batch‐to‐batch reproducibility, high stability, and high sensitivity for crystal violet (CV), an organic contaminant with mutagenic and toxigenic properties. In a proof‐of‐concept experiment, the multiplex detection capability of this SERS substrate is demonstrated by analyzing a combination of two sets of analytes (CV and methylene blue as well as CV and Nile blue A). Furthermore, this SERS substrate is utilized to test tau protein and amyloid β peptides, both recognized biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease. This study illustrates that the proposed 3D SERS substrate exhibits significant potential for the highly sensitive and rapid detection of biomolecules in practical applications.
Spin Decoupling Metasurfaces for Four‐Channel Terahertz Wavefront Shaping
Authors: Zhang Qianyun , Li Guibin , Wu Liang , Yue Zhen , Yang Fan , Zhang Qiankun , Li Hui , Zheng Chenglong , Xu Quan , Han Jiaguang , Zhang Yan , Li Li , Yao Jianquan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAdvances in wireless communication systems require multifunction‐integrated optical devices to increase information capacities. However, the wavefront‐shaping metasurfaces thus far face challenges in manipulating orthogonal polarization independently and achieving versatile wavefront shaping simultaneously. Here, the scheme of chip‐integrated multi‐section metalens geometries is proposed to operate simultaneously with efficient focusing, orthogonal polarization manipulation, and vortex beam generation. Two spin decoupling metasurfaces are prepared to implement four‐channel terahertz wavefront shaping. It can independently engineer the co‐polarized and cross‐polarized components conversion under circularly polarized incidence. One metasurface realizes the polarization conversion in four independent channels under either left‐ or right‐handed circular incidence. The other achieves different spin‐to‐orbit conversions to generate vortex beams with independent polarization manipulation in four channels. The results suggest promising applications for high‐capacity and high‐security terahertz communication.
Corrosion Mechanism and Mitigation Strategies for Carbon Supports in PEMFCs
Authors: Lu Mingjia , Liang Jinhui , Zhan Wenfeng , Li Yuhuai , Chen Hong , Li Muwu , Liao Shijun , Cui Zhiming 
Published: December 2024

AbstractProton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) demonstrate exceptional efficiency in converting hydrogen into electricity and hold great promise for mitigating carbon emissions. However, the high loading of platinum (Pt) (0.2–0.35 mgPt cm−2) in the cathode catalytic layer (CL) poses a significant obstacle to the commercialization of PEMFCs. Although current research has succeeded in reducing Pt usage in the cathode CL, carbon corrosion remains a major issue that leads to decreased output power density and shortened service life. The enhancement of support stability poses a greater challenge compared to the improvement of intrinsic stability in Pt‐based alloys, primarily due to the thermodynamic instability of carbon during practical operating conditions. Recently, extensive efforts are dedicated to exploiting advanced carbon supports through the utilization of innovative nanostructure design and synthesis techniques, as well as profound mechanistic insights. This review highlights the intriguing advancements in the modification and synthesis of carbon materials, while also summarizing the underlying mechanisms and potential factors that impact the corrosion reaction of carbon. The general ideas and strategies for the development of carbon materials with desirable nanostructures and physicochemical properties are outlined in detail to design low‐Pt CL with highly efficient mass transfer and superior stability.
CHIME Syndrome in a Child With Homozygous PIGL p.Leu167Pro Variant
Authors: Arany Eszter Sara , Zocche David , Mellerio Jemima E. , Holder‐Espinasse Muriel , Cobben Jan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTCHIME syndrome is a variable condition characterized by ichthyosiform dermatosis, accompanied by intellectual disability, ocular colobomas, ear anomalies, and heart defects. It is an autosomal recessive condition caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in the PIGL gene. Until now, all reports of individuals affected with CHIME syndrome showed the PIGL c.500T>C p.Leu167Pro DNA variant on one allele of the PIGL gene, in combination with another PIGL DNA variant on the other allele. This has led to the hypothesis that the p.Leu167Pro variant determines to a mild phenotypic effect only and that the core phenotype is determined by the second PIGL DNA variant. We report the first individual with CHIME syndrome, a 6‐year‐old girl, with homozygous PIGL p.Leu167Pro variants, defusing this hypothesis as she is not mildly affected. As CHIME is a very rare condition, it is expected that a significant proportion of cases will be due to homozygous gene variants, especially of founder DNA variants, and offspring of consanguineous parents. We speculate that the lack of homozygous p.Leu167Pro DNA variants so far has been due to chance and that other homozygous cases will be identified in future reports of affected individuals.