bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SYNTHESIS OF 3,4-DIMETHOXY ISOAMYL CINNAMIC AS THE SUNSCREEN COMPOUND FROM CLOVE OIL AND FUSEL OIL
Authors: Wahyuningsih Tutik Dwi , Raharjo Tri Joko , Tahir Iqmal 
Published: January 2019

Synthesis of sunscreen compound 3,4-dimethoxy isoamyl cinnamic from clove oil and fusel oil has been done. The majoring component of clove oil that is eugenol has been isolated, followed with several chemical processes i.e. isomerization into isoeugenol, oxidation of the product to change into vanillin, then modification vanillin into veratraldehyde. From the fusel oil, we isolate isoamyl alcohol and modified by acetylation into isoamyl acetic. The final product could be produce by Claissen's condensation of isoamyl acetic and veratraldehyde to give 3,4-dimethoxy isoamyl cinnamic. All of the processes are followed with structure characterization using GC, IR, GC-MS and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The result shown that compound has 46.98% purity and potent as the UV-B sunscreen's type (lmax = 313 nm). In-vitro sunscreen's activity of the compound was tested by UV-Vis spectrophotometry and resulting a maximum Sun Protection Factor value (SPFin-vitro) at low concentration, 10.25 mg/mL. Keywords: UV absorber, sunscreen, clove oil, cinnamic esther.
PENGGUNAAN HASIL SENSUS UNTUK ESTIMASI URBANISASI
Authors: Darwin Muhadjir , Tukiran Tukiran 
Published: January 2019

Urbanization canbedefined inmanyways: various definitions concerning it are found in population literature. Different censuses also tend to define the concept of urban differently. This inconsistency of definitionhas obstructed those who want to conduct acomparative analysis on urbanization, both cross- country and longitudinal analysis of a country. This article attempts to examine the problem by clarifying the definition of the concept and indicators of urban and urbanization and by making a longitudinal analysis of urbanization using the Indonesian 1920-1990 Cencus data. Regardless of how the concept of urban is defined in each census, this analysis has found a steady increase in urban population number. However, if the different definitions of the concept are taken into consideration, it may bring up different conclusion. Part of the reasons of the increase is a reclassification of village' status from being rural to become urban. Oneway to prove this proposition is by comparing the level of urban population growth between large cities and their surrounding regencies. This analysis clearly shows that the latter has higher population growth than the former.
SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA DI INDONESIA; ANALISIS DATA SENSUS
Authors: Effendi Tadjuddin Noer 
Published: January 2019

The aim of this paper is to analyse the quality of human resource in urban and rural areas of Indonesia. By using labor utilisation approach this study shows that although the education of labor force has increased along with the spread of educational facilities, there is a tendency that educated unemployment and underemployment are not decreased. This suggests that quite a highproportion of labor is underutilized. This reflects that technology and skill of labor are low which determine the low level of humanresource quality.
TRANSMIGRATION AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIA; POLICY OPTIONS BETWEEN MYTH AND REALITY
Authors: Titus Milan J. 
Published: January 2019

Pelaksanaan program transmigrasi di Indonesia terkesan sangat ambisius dengan berorientasi kepada masalah demografl. Tiap Pelita ditargetkan pengiriman sejumlah transmigran ke luar Jawa dan Bali sering tidak realistik dan menimbulkan permasalahan yang besar. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini disarankan hal-hal sebagai berikut. Jumlah transmigran yang dikirim tidak didasarkan kepada target kesesuaian daya tampung di daerah tujuan. Pemindahan penduduk diprioritaskan bagi daerah kritis, bencana alam, atau wilayah yang terkena proyek pembangunan. Penduduk lokal dengan keragaman sosial budaya perlu diikutkan dalam program ini. Usahakan peningkatan pengiriman transmigran spontan.
EKSPANSI REZIM MEDIS, MEDIKALISASI KEHIDUPAN, DAN PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT
Authors: Nugroho Heru 
Published: January 2019

Medicalization of life as applied in a depoliticized society would be extremely dangeroussince it tends to create potential medical mal practice in the part of medical doctors towards their patients. To avoid this, repolitization of the society should be created to raise community's critical awareness in understanding the political economy of the medical world in the society. In order to provide equal access to health care, repolitization is a prerequisite in response to medical industrialization and privatization of health care services.
BEBERAPA HIPOTESIS PERTUMBUHAN PEKERJAAN OFF-FARM
Authors: Evers Hans-Dieter 
Published: January 2019

Off-farm employment and non-agriculture activities have grown rapidly in the rural areas of Java due mainly to the increasing number of female workers employed in small-scale trade. Based on a through discussion on various definitions and hypotheses on the growths of trade and off-farm employment, it could be assumed that the growth of the small-scale traders does not signify that some stagnation of economy or an agricultural involution would take place, but that there will be a significant step in the transformation process on the part of the Javanese farming community as well as on the future economic development.
PERUBAHAN STRUKTUR DAN PERANAN KELUARGA DALAM PJP II
Authors: Effendi Sofian , Sukamdi Sukamdi 
Published: January 2019

The achievement of population policy in the last twe decades, infect, has also brought about problems that should be anticipated. Decrease in fertility rate for instance, along with a tendency to live separately from parents and increasing intention to celibacy in turo will result in change of family structure. This change is from extended to nuclear family or even single headed household. It has been accompanied by changing character of parents-children relationship from socio-psychological into economical relationship. In addition, lower mortality rate which also means longer life expectancywould be another problemconcerning aged care. The different pattern of migration among regions or between urban and rural areas, will effect on variation of problems. That means social policies should be implemented by following the variation.
KARAKTERISTIK RUMAH TANGGA MISRIN DI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Faturochman Faturochman , Molo Marcelinus 
Published: January 2019

The proximate of poverty level is based on expenditure per individual member of a household. The low expenditures are primarily found among households engaged in labouring activities or in agricultural sector. The cousequences of a low expenditure or income is the inability of the household in providing appropriate needs for its members, including access to informations and schooling.An enhancement of humanresources development and promotionof equal access to the remunerative activities are among alternatives of raising the low income households.
PENDAPATAN PEKERJA WANITA PADA INDUSTRI PENGOLAHAN SKALA BESAR
Authors: Wibisono Gunawan , Sukamdi Sukamdi 
Published: January 2019

Labor income is a very important issue in the process of industrialization in developing countries. Most strikes and labor conflicts in the last three years were based on workers' desire to increase income. Regarding the fact that most laborers have poor education one common means of increasing income is by lengthening work hours. The results of this study tend to prove this statement. However, this strategy has only increased total income, not real income. Income per hour does not change, and even decreases. It means that extending working hours has only increased self-exploitation. Inaddition, this result has an important implication on the analysis of labor utilization. Laborers who are fully utilized do notal ways have a higher income than those underemployed. Therefore underemployment by working hours does not represent the real labor force problem.
TINGKAT, POLA, DAN DETERMINAN USIA KAWIN WANITA DAN PRIA*
Authors: Sukamdi Sukamdi , Yuarsi Susi Eja , Tamtiari Wini 
Published: January 2019

This study is conducted in three provinces, West Java, South Sulawesi and West Nusa Tenggara, which represent different cultural background, using secondary data namely marital verification forms (MVF). From methodological point of view this study finds that MVF can be used as data sources in analysing age of marriage inspiteof using population census or national surveys.The result of previous studies have not been confirmed by this study. Mean age at first marriage in West Java is not the lowest, but is West Nusa Tenggara. In addition South Sulawesi is always the highest. Cultural backgrounds such as dowery in South Sulawesi which is the highest among the provinces and the tradition of delopement in West Nusa Tenggara are very important in explaining the variation of age at first marriage. However education has also an important role as independent variable for age at first marriage.
POSISI INDONESIA DALAM MIGRASI INTERNASIONAL DAN PASAR KERJA GLOBAL
Authors: Molo Marcelinus , Sugihardjo Sugihardjo 
Published: January 2019

The contribution of Indonesian work force in the International Labor Market is still very minimal, both in terms of quantity and quality. For this reason therefore, the reorientation of the labor force which is sent abroad from mere household workers to being better skilled workers is a very strategic step in improving on the national foreign exchange position and reducing unemployment. This paper is focussed on the importance of improving on the position of Indonesia in International migration through an anticipative focus on the availability of employment opportunities abroad, in order that the nature and the quality of the work force provided is in accordance with the demand in global labor market.
PENDAPATAN MIGRAN PEKERJA SEKTOR INFORMAL DI PALEMBANG DAN PANGKALPINANG*
Authors: Effendi Abbas 
Published: January 2019

This research, which was conducted in Palembang and Pangkalpinang in the province of Southern Sumatra, aim at identifying the factors which influence the level if income among permanent migrants in the informal sector. The results of the study indicate that the status of the residential house which is at the same time used as the place of work, has for long, bent over employment, recruitmentof the family labor force, and the level of education is a very dominant factor in the level of income. On the other hand, the variable of the number of workers and the source of capital does not have a dominating influence on the level of income of the migrant workers in the informal sector. Abbas Effendi in this paper argues that the number of workers and the working capital do not constitute major factors in improving on the production or the output, but instead, the factor of effectiveness and efficiency in using the factors of production are crucial in improving on their output.
FUNGSI PRODUKSI PUSAT KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT*
Authors: Yusril M. 
Published: January 2019

This study on the productivity of the Community Health Centers was carried out in the province of Bengkulu. 31 Health Centers constituted the sample used in this study, which were then divided into three categories, that is, category 1, comprising of 1 Community Health Center, category 2, comprising of 17 Health Centers, and category 3, comprising of 13 Health Centers. This study was aimed at determining the factors which influence the productivity of Community Health Centers.The results of the study indicate that the role of leadership, the implementing work force, the place of service, the duration of the service, and the budget,allhavea positive influence on the productivity of the Community Health Centers. On the other hand however, the service charges, and the health service substitution has a negative influence on the productivity of the Community Health Centers. This paper shows that the role of government is still very dominant in improving on the productivity and the quality of the Community Health Centers, particularly in funding and deploying professional workforce (leaders, paramedics and non-paramedics).
ARAH DAN IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKSANAAN PROGRAM KELUARGA BERENCANA DI INDONESIA*
Authors: Wilopo Siswanto Agus 
Published: January 2019

There are some interesting differences between the Family Planning Program in Indonesia and the family planning in Cairo Action Program. The FP Program has larger actions, such as the society's attention to the increasing age limit of marriage, family resistance building, increasing the family welfare, and birth control. While, the family planningin Cairo Action Program is only limited to the birthcontrol. This writing tries to describe those differences as well as to clarify the direction and the implementation of the FP Program which increasingly become an FP movement.
PENGENTASAN KEMISKINAN MELALUI PEMBANGUNAN JARINGAN EKONOMI PEDESAAN (Sebagai Suatu Strategi)*
Authors: Tjiptoherijanto Prijono 
Published: January 2019

Various policies have been implemented by Indonesian government in its efforts to eliminate poverty. This paper proposes BKKBN's (National Family Planning Coordinating Agency) attempts which stress on poverty elimination in non-backward area by way of prosperous family development through expanding rural economic network. The program is started with improving movement of "pride of village" through programs of Plaju (that of Harvesting, Processingand Selling), Pemaju (that of Packaging and Selling), and Penguja (that of Services entrepreneurs) followed by Takesra ( that of Savings for People's Prosperity) and Kukesra (that of Entrepreneurial Credit for Prosperous Family). Through the programs, rural families are expected to play roles in agribusiness and agrobusiness sectors, as well as in small-scale industry. With the benefit gotfrom the programs, it is then expexted that levels of families' income increase consequently, and number of poor families in rural areas can be eliminated.
ABORSI KONTROVERSI DAN PILIHAN KEBIJAKAN
Authors: Darwin Muhadjir 
Published: January 2019

Abortion is a controversial issue that had been a hot public debate in Indonesia after the Warakas tragedy. This article explores the ongoing debate between the so called pro-life and pro-choice groups, and formulate policy recommendations to overcome the abortion problem. The tough policyagainst the abortion would not solve the problem, rather it keeps the unsafe-abortion practised illegally and widely. The Government should be more realistic in dealing with this problem by providingearly abortion service at low cost so that women are protected from unsafe abortion.
PEMAKAIAN NORPLANT SECARA SALAH: ANTARA KUALITAS PELAYANAN DAN KEPATUHAN AKSEPTOR
Authors: Yuarsi Susi Eja 
Published: January 2019

The number of norplant users had increased over time, the problem was that many women use norplant incorrectly. Some of them used it longer than five years without removal and some other women used double norplant. Also, there were some women who used one set of norplant with more or less than 6 norplant matchsticks as required. These problems would certainly bring negative effects on women's health and, in turn, their economic condition. At national level, the large number of misusers would cause a failure of the family planning program.Non-compliance behavior among norplant users was caused by many factors. Poor quality of care, especially providers' incompetence, inadequate information, and inadequate mechanisms to encourage continuity were found as major causes. The clients themselves had a contribution in the misuse of norplant. The clients had their own beliefs about health and sickness and they also tend to be influenced by the behavior of their neighbors who were misusing norplant. The clients awareness about the importance of information was also very low and It caused the lack of knowledge about the arrangements of using norplant.
PERAN DAN MAKNA SUMBANGAN DALAM MASYARAKAT PEDESAAN JAWA
Authors: Kutanegara Pande Made 
Published: January 2019

Every society collectively develops a certain system or institution which can be used to solve various problems in their life. The rural Javanese society has developed an activity to assist one another, either in the form of service, goods or money. This kind of activity is a social security system that is very important to them. This activity holds two meanings. First, it is a tool to reduce the burden of others, and the second is it creates and enhances the social solidarity of the group. In this context, helping one another has changed the feeling of insecurity to security among group of people. During a social, economic, and cultural transformation process in the Javanese rural areas, it turns out that this model of assisting one another is not always successful. On the contrary, it has created the feeling of insecurity among groups in society, especially the poor.
PERKEMBANGAN KESEJAHTERAAN PENDUDUK DI PROVINSI PAPUA
Authors: Wibowo Ulah Tri , Tukiran Tukiran 
Published: January 2019

There is a disparity in welfare between the people who dwell in mountanous areas and those living in plains, coastalal areas which is due to the difference in accessibility. Coastal regions, develop fast and generally have higher economic and social well-being because of the better accessibility they are bestowed with. However, in general, the people of Papua enjoy lower welfare than they are capable of enjoying in relation to the natural resopurces the province has. The abundant natural resources in the province have not been exploited to the full in endevor to improve the well being of the popuakltuion. The division of Papua province into West Papua, Central Papua, and East Papua is expected to accelerate the development process, which should in turn reduce income disparity. None theless, some redress must be found to the problem of uneven distribution of natural resources among the three provinces, to prevent the emergence of regional paracholiasm which may the source of income inequality among the three new provinces due to their different respective locations on the the coast, plains, and mountaneous region.
MENUJU PEMBANGUNAN BERWAWASAN KEPENDUDUKAN
Authors: Tjiptoherijanto Prijono 
Published: January 2019

The economic crisis in Indonesia, may be interpreted as effects of a strategy of economic development which has been unsuited to the Indonesian condition and potency. The strategy, so far has been oriented to the static development,top-down, and too formal. Therefore, it should be readapted to be more populist in order to promote the interest and needs of ordinary people. The bottom-upstrategy development with a basic populist concept has a primary goal to equalize the interest and wellfare of ordinary people, instead of emphasizing the levels of economic development. This strategy, is an effort to optimizing the distribution of its own natural resources, thus the development will correspond with the potency and specific issues of each region.
STRATEGI BERTAHAN HIDUP DI TIGA WILAYAH
Authors: Sulistyastuti Dyah Ratih , Faturochman Faturochman 
Published: January 2019

The paradigm of trickle down effect development is not occurred by itself. Thus, there are some groups within the society that still have not derived from the outcome of the development. Those groups remain living in poverty which need government attention. Although the government has intervened to undertake poverty in the forms of the national development programs, have not been able to achieve their goals due to the various drawbacks and implementations. These obstructions have frequently related with the decision of the aspects of real target groups, and the problems of the unequal distribution. Besides problems of implementation, these programs had not meet with success in providing empowerment and sustainability, therefore, the poor had to actively create a strategy for survival. In discussing issues about poverty, it is imperative to further examine not only the causes and the problems of it, but also another important issue such as efforts of the suffering society to overcome its problem. Various strategies as a response of the limitations of government role towards society can be categorized into two levels: the households, that would be the focus of the discussion, and the community levels.
RESISTENSI PENDUDUK PERDESAAN DALAM CERITA KESEHARIAN DI KALI LORO
Authors: Aji Gutomo Bayu 
Published: January 2019

This analysis is revision of fieldwork journals during the exploration stages at Kali Loro collected in 1999. Data have been acquired through friendly approach, direct observation, and unstructured personal interview. Data analysis was carried out by applying the resistence concept which is defined by James C. Scott of daily narrations in Kali Loro. From the three presented narrations, they show that the kind of resistence contended by Kali Loro inhabitants is in concord with the nature of resistence proposed by Scott. While the first and the second narrations are in accordance with the hidden transcript category, the third one conforms with public transcript category. The resistence takes place in the forms of superior and subordinate structures in a meeting point process of the conflict of interest between class identity and class awareness.
SIASAT BERTAHAN, MODEL PENGELOLAAN REMITANSI, DAN USAHA MIKRO KELUARGA BURUH MIGRAN
Authors: Yuniarto Paulus Rudolf 
Published: January 2019

Tulisan ini menjelaskan pemahaman para tenaga kerja migran terhadap masalah, terutama yang terkait dengan kehidupan keseharian mereka, juga strategi mereka untuk memecahkan masalah-masalah yang muncul. Data yang digunakan sebagai dasar dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi dan wawancara terhadap keluarga tenaga kerja migran di Pulau Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat. Remitan dari migran, strategi mengatasi masalah dalam rumah tangga, dan institusi lokal adalah hal-hal yang penting diketahui untuk mendapatkan pemahaman yang menyeluruh terhadap isu tenaga kerja migran. Hal-hal inilah yang perlu diketahui oleh organisasi tenaga kerja migran yang ada. Memahami persoalan tentang kondisi migran yang sebenarnya akan berimplikasi pada pengorganisasian mereka agar dapat menjadi aset di masa depan.
DO REMITTANCES “MAKE IT” FOR THEIR MEMBERS LEFT BEHIND? URBAN TO RURAL REMITTANCES BY MIGRANTS IN FOUR INDONESIAN CITIES
Authors: Effendi Tadjuddin Noer 
Published: January 2019

This paper examines the nature, extent, and effect of remittances sent by urban migrants to home villages. More specifi cally it examines: the magnitude of remittances, type and background of migrants sending remittance, the extent of remittances sent, and the use of remittances. This study is carried out in four major cities in Indonesia that have experienced signifi cant infl ows of rural–urban migrants over the past few decades: Tangerang in Banten, Samarinda in East Kalimantan, Medan in North Sumatra and Makassar in South Sulawesi. Using survey data collected in 2008-2009, this study found that, over time, rural-urban migrants have an opportunity to save portion of their income that subsequently send the remittances out to home village. Rural-urban migrants seem need time to be older and reach a certain level of income before they begin to send remittance. Statistically, age is among personal backgrounds that have signifi cant effect on propensity to send or not send remittances. One of important social dimensions of rural-urban migration in many developing countries is its effect on household members, particularly household members or children left behind. This does not seem to be the case in four cities under study, where many urban-rural migrants are accompanied by their members (wives and children).