bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting the Spatial Dynamics ofWolbachiaInfections inAedes AegyptiArbovirus Vector Populations in Heterogeneous Landscapes
Authors: Hancock Penelope A. , Ritchie Scott A. , Koenraadt Constantianus J. M. , Scott Thomas W. , Hoffmann Ary A. , J. Godfray H. Charles 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTA promising strategy for reducing the transmission of dengue and other arboviral human diseases byAedes aegyptimosquito vector populations involves field introductions of the endosymbiotic bacteriaWolbachia.Wolbachiainfections inhibit viral transmission by the mosquito, and can spread between mosquito hosts to reach high frequencies in the vector population.Wolbachiaspreads by maternal transmission, and spread dynamics can be variable and highly dependent on natural mosquito population dynamics, population structure and fitness components.We develop a mathematical model of anAe. aegyptimetapopulation that incorporates empirically validated relationships describing density-dependent mosquito fitness components. We assume that density dependence relationships differ across subpopulations, and construct heterogeneous landscapes for which model-predicted patterns of variation in mosquito abundance and demography approximate those observed in field populations. We then simulateWolbachiarelease strategies similar to that used in field trials.We show that our model can produce rates of spatial spread ofWolbachiasimilar to those observed following field releases.We then investigate how different types of spatio-temporal variation in mosquito habitat, as well as different fitness costs incurred byWolbachiaon the mosquito host, influence predicted spread rates. We find that fitness costs reduce spread rates more strongly when the habitat landscape varies temporally due to stochastic and seasonal processes.Our empirically based modelling approach represents effects of environmental heterogeneity on the spatial spread ofWolbachia.The models can assist in interpreting observed spread patterns following field releases and in designing suitable release strategies for targeting spatially heterogeneous vector populations.
Aggression Subtypes Relate to Distinct Resting State Functional Connectivity in Disruptive Children and Adolescents
Authors: Werhahn Julia E , Mohl Susanna , Willinger David , Smigielski Lukasz , Roth Alexander , Hofstetter Christoph , Stämpfli Philipp , Häberling Isabelle , Naaijen Jilly , Mulder Leandra M , Glennon Jeffrey C , Hoekstra Pieter J , Dietrich Andrea , Deters Renee Kleine , Aggensteiner Pascal M , Holz Nathalie E , Baumeister Sarah , Banaschewski Tobias , Saam Melanie C , Schulze Ulrike M E , Lythgoe David J , Sethi Arjun , Craig Michael , Mastroianni Mathilde , Sagar-Ouriaghli Ilyas , Santosh Paramala J , Rosa Mireia , Bargallo Nuria , Castro-Fornieles Josefina , Aragno Celso , Penzol Maria J , Franke Barbara , Zwiers Marcel P , Buitelaar Jan K , Walitza Susanne , Brandeis Daniel 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveThere is increasing evidence for altered resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) in adolescents with disruptive behavior. Despite considerable ongoing behavioral research suggesting also important differences relating to reactive and proactive aggression, the corresponding rsFC correlates have not been studied to date. We therefore examined associations between these aggression subtypes along with subdimensions of callous-unemotional (CU) traits and rsFC using predefined seeds in aggression-related salience network (SN) and default mode network (DMN).MethodAggression subtype-specific whole-brain rsFC of SN and DMN seeds was investigated in a resting state sequence (mean acquisition time = 8 min 25 sec) acquired from 207 children and adolescents of both sexes aged 8 - 18 years (mean age (SD) = 13.30 (2.60) years; range = 8.02 – 18.35) in a multi-center study. One hundred eighteen individuals exhibited disruptive behavior (conduct disorder/oppositional defiant disorder) with different levels of comorbid ADHD symptoms, 89 were healthy.ResultsCompared to healthy controls, cases demonstrated reduced DMN and – after controlling for ADHD scores – SN seed-based rsFC with left hemispheric frontal clusters. We found increased and distinct aggression-subtype specific rsFC patterns. Specifically, reactive and proactive aggression correlated with distinct SN and DMN seed-based rsFC patterns. CU dimensions led to different DMN and SN rsFC with clusters including frontal, parietal, and cingulate areas.ConclusionsThis first study investigating reactive and proactive aggression along with CU dimensions reveals new subtype-specific whole-brain rsFC patterns in brain regions linked to processes like emotion, empathy, moral, and cognitive control.
Functional anomaly mapping reveals local and distant dysfunction caused by brain lesions
Authors: DeMarco Andrew T. , Turkeltaub Peter E. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryThe lesion method has been a cornerstone in the endeavor to understand brain-behavior relationships in humans, but has relied on the flawed assumption that anatomically abnormal tissue functions abnormally and anatomically normal tissue functions normally. To address this longstanding problem, we introduce an approach to directly map the degree of functional anomaly throughout the brain in individual patients. These functional anomaly maps identify anatomical lesions and are stable across measurements. Moreover, the maps identify functionally anomalous regions in anatomically normal tissue, providing a direct measure of remote effects of lesions such as diaschisis. Lesion-behavior mapping using these maps replicates classic behavioral localization and identifies relationships between tissue function and behavior distant from the anatomical lesions. This method provides brain-wide maps of the functional effects of focal lesions, which could have wide implications for one of the most important methods in neuroscience.
Detection of rare disease-related genetic variants using the birthday model
Authors: Berstein Yael , McCarthy Shane E. , Kramer Melissa , McCombie W. Richard 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMotivationExome sequencing is a powerful technique for the identification of disease-causing genes. A number of Mendelian inherited disease genes have been identified through this method. However, it remains a challenge to leverage exome sequencing for the study of complex disorders, such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, due to the genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity of these disorders. Although not feasible for many studies, sequencing large sample sizes (>10,000) may improve statistical power to associate more variants, while the aggregation of distinct rare variants associated with a given disease can make the identification of causal genes statistically challenging. Therefore, new methods for rare variant association are imperative to identify causative genes of complex disorders.ResultsHere we propose a method to predict causative rare variants using a popular probabilistic problem: The Birthday Model, which estimates the probability that multiple individuals in a group share the same birthday. We consider the probability and coincidence of samples sharing a variant akin to the chance of individuals sharing the same birthday. We investigated the parameter effects of our model, providing guidelines for its use and interpretation of the results. Using published data on autism spectrum disorder, hypertriglyceridemia in addition to a current case-control study on bipolar disorder, we evaluated this probabilistic method to identify potential causative variants. Several genes in the top results of the case-control study were associated with autism spectrum and bipolar disorder. Given that the core probability based on the birthday model is very sensitive to low recurrence, the method successfully tests the association of rare variants, which generally do not provide enough signal in commonly used statistical tests. Importantly, the simplicity of the model allows quick interpretation of genomic data, enabling users to select gene candidates for further biological validation of specific mutations and downstream functional or other studies.Availabilityhttps://github.com/yberstein/Birthday-Alqorithmhttp://labshare.cshl.edu/shares/mccombielab/www-data/Birthday-Algorithm/Birthday-Alqorithm.htmlContactyberstei@cshl.edu (or yaelberstein@gmail.com)Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available online.
Mitochondrial Uncoupling Protein 2 Knockout Promotes Mitophagy to Decrease Retinal Ganglion Cell Death in a Mouse Model of Glaucoma
Authors: Hass Daniel T , Barnstable Colin J 
Published: November 2018

AbstractGlaucoma is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction and an increase in oxidative damage, leading to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death. The oxidative status of RGCs is regulated intrinsically and also extrinsically by retinal glia. The mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) relieves oxidative and neuronal damage in a variety of neurodegenerative disease models. We hypothesized that deletion of Ucp2 in either RGCs or retinal glia would increase retinal damage and retinal ganglion cell death in a mouse model of glaucoma. Paradoxically, we found the reverse, and deletion of mitochondrial UCP2 decreased oxidative protein modification and reduced retinal ganglion cell death in male and female mice. This paradox was resolved after finding that Ucp2 deletion also increased levels of mitophagy in cell culture and retinal tissue. Our data suggest that Ucp2 deletion facilitates increased mitochondrial function by improving quality control. An increase in mitochondrial function explains the resistance of Ucp2-deleted retinas to glaucoma and may provide a therapeutic avenue for other chronic neurodegenerative conditions.Significance StatementMany unsolved neurodegenerative conditions result from defects in mitochondrial function. Molecular tools that can manipulate mitochondria will therefore be central to developing neuroprotective therapies. Among the most potent regulators of mitochondrial function are the uncoupling proteins, particularly UCP2. In this manuscript we show that while loss of UCP2 does increase mitochondrial membrane potential and the production of reactive oxygen species, it also initiates an increase in mitophagy that is ultimately neuroprotective. This novel protective consequence of uncoupling protein inhibition may lead to new therapeutic approaches to combat neurodegenerative disease, particularly because pharmacological compounds do exist that can selectively inhibit UCP2.
TGF-β Mediated Cell Adhesion Dynamics and Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in 3D and 2D Ovarian Cancer Models
Authors: Ameri Wafa Al , Ahmed Ikhlak , Al-Dasim Fatima M. , Mohamoud Yasmin Ali , AlAzwani Iman K. , Malek Joel A. , Karedath Thasni 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundThree-dimensional (3D) tumor cultures in vitro have recently regained attention as they have been acclaimed to have higher similarity to in vivo tumors than cells grown in conventional monolayers (2D). Cancer cells in 2D monolayers fail to mimic the exact tumor microenvironment existing in the real clinical samples. The 3D anchorage-independent cancer models can better explain the cell adhesion properties in ovarian cancer cells.ResultsTranscriptome profiling of 3D models compared to 2D models in various cancer cell lines shows differential expression of TGF-β-mediated and cell adhesion pathways. Presence of TGF-β in these cell lines shows an increased invasion potential which is specific to cell type. We decided to choose two ovarian cancer cell lines as model systems to study Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and cancer invasion based on their invasion potential and ability to switch the cadherins expression. TGF-β modulation in EMT and cancer invasion was successfully depicted in both 2D and 3D models of SKOV3 and CAOV3 cell lines. Functional evaluations in 3D and 2D models demonstrate that the addition of the exogenous TGF-β can induce EMT and invasion in cancer cells by turning them into aggressive phenotypes. TGF-β receptor kinase I inhibitor (LY364947) can revert TGF-β effect in these cells.ConclusionsIn a nutshell, TGF-β can induce EMT and migration, increase aggressiveness, increase cell survival, alter cell characteristics, remodel the Extracellular Matrix (ECM) and increase cell metabolism favorable for tumor invasion and metastasis.
Cross-cultural evaluation of consumer’s dynamic multisensory and emotional experience
Authors: Zhang Lekai , Wu Jianfeng , Zhang Kejun , Wolterink Kevin , Xing Baixi 
Published: November 2018

Purpose
The acceleration of globalization is causing global trade transactions to become increasingly frequent, which leads to the internationalized design of consumer products. However, due to cultural differences, the user experience in different parts of the world with the same product may be different. In addition, the user experience is not static, but changes over the different usage stages for a product since the role of our senses may vary and different emotions may be elicited. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore how the interaction between the user and the product influences cross-cultural sensory modalities and emotional responses to products.

Design/methodology/approach
Due to the fact that drinking tea can provide dynamic feedback of users’ sensory experiences including all five senses, two kinds of tea products from two considerably different cultures (China and the Netherlands) were chosen for the study. The experiment was conducted in five stages corresponding to different levels of interaction with two tea products. Measurements for both Chinese and Dutch participants were conducted by means of collecting subjective data for sensory modalities and emotions related to product experiences throughout the five stages.

Findings
Results showed that tea experience tends to be dynamic between the two different countries over different usage periods, including sensory modalities and the emotional responses.

Practical implications
The findings and design & market implications can be applied to optimize the design or market of international tea products or consumer products in other categories. They will be helpful for the international marketing of tea, especially for those who are interested in breaking into the Chinese tea market and those who are interested in promoting Chinese tea in new markets. In addition, the authors’ methods to evaluate the dynamics of the importance of sensory modalities and emotions could be used to test the user experience in the product lifecycle to help develop a successful international product.

Originality/value
The findings and the linked design implications could be important not only for a theoretical understanding of cross-cultural sensory and emotional feedback from a product experience, but also for the optimization of product design for the international market.
Exploratory factor analysis of skills requirement for PPP contract governance
Authors: Umar Abdullahi Ahmed , Zawawi Noor Amila Wan Abdullah , Abdul-Aziz Abdul-Rashid 
Published: November 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the skills required for effective contract management of public–private partnership (PPP) projects over their contract duration. The growing body of literature indicating the lack of expertise in managing PPP-related projects within the public sector prompted this study.

Design/methodology/approach
The study, being an exploratory one, relied on a survey of 207 survey responses from a sample of PPP experts across the globe. The data from the survey are a rich mix of responses from public policy experts, construction professionals, project finance experts, lawyers and academic researchers in PPP.

Findings
It was found through exploratory factor analysis that project management, financial engineering, negotiations, risk management, forecasting, stakeholder management and technical skills were very critical for successful contract management of PPP projects. It was also found that regional characteristics influence skills prioritisation.

Research limitations/implications
The results of this study can be validated on larger data sets in specific countries and across regions, sectors and variety of PPP projects. Currently, the authors conducted a general survey using convenience sampling.

Practical implications
The results send a clear signal to practitioners that infrastructure regulation training programs cannot be generalised. Training should be tailored to reflect regional and country-specific characteristics.

Originality/value
The increasing failures and remunicipalisations of privately financed infrastructures is a cause for concern. Little attention has been given to the complicity of PPP regulatory institutions responsible for contract governance of such projects. Studies are increasingly pointing to the absence of critical PPP skills among institutions responsible for managing PPP contracts. This lack of capacity has resulted in poor oversight of private companies providing public services resulting in poor services, and financial recklessness which threaten the sustainability of service provision.
Inequality in the labor market: lower perceived returns among marginalized youths and girls
Authors: Banerji Manjistha , Deshpande Ashwini 
Published: November 2018

Purpose
This paper examines perceived labor market earnings among adolescents and their parents by gender and caste. Previous research has established that lower subjective expectations of labor market returns among parents affect educational investment. Likewise, subjective expectations of adolescents about labor market returns are likely to affect their commitment to their education. In the labor market, gender and caste biases manifest itself in terms of lower wages for women and persons from marginalized communities. The authors ask if perceived earnings among adolescents and their parents vary by caste and gender over and above their intrinsic ability.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors use a unique dataset on adolescents that has been recently collected (2013-2015) by ASER Centre, the research and assessment wing of Pratham Education Foundation for the analysis. To answer the research question posed in the paper, they use standard OLS and quantile regression techniques.

Findings
Results confirm that girls have lower expected earnings than boys. Caste differences appear more rigid in Bihar.

Research limitations/implications
The authors recognize that the results presented do not take into consideration the issue of selection bias. Hence, they are applicable not to the average adolescents in the study districts, but only to those who reported expected earnings. That said, they do not think that this technical limitation dilutes the broad policy conclusions emerging from the study.

Originality/value
The paper uses cognition as a measure of an adolescent’s intrinsic ability. Therein lays the uniqueness of the paper. It brings into the discussion on expected earnings test scores as a measure of an adolescent’s cognitive ability. It is also unique in that it focuses on adolescents in the age group of 11-16 years who are likely to join the labor force in few years. Previous discussion of subjective expectations in India did not include any measure to capture cognitive ability and did not focus exclusively on adolescents.
Antibiotic-related meanings, experiences and information sources of women in the economic margins of urban Manila
Authors: Bernadas Jan Michael Alexandre Cortez 
Published: November 2018

Purpose
Drawing insights from the culture-centered approach (Dutta-Bergman, 2004; Dutta, 2007), the purpose of this paper is to explore the meanings of, experiences with, and information sources for antibiotics among at-risk yet understudied populations in urban and economic margins in the Global South.

Design/methodology/approach
Given the exploratory purpose of this paper, it used qualitative approach specifically focus group discussions with mothers, guardians and female senior citizens from Manila, Philippines.

Findings
Antibiotics had multiple meanings – from purposes and modes of acquisition to side-effects. Experiences with antibiotics were not only tied to financial difficulties, but also in administering antibiotics to children or wards and managing side-effects. Furthermore, medical doctors were the most accessed and preferred sources of antibiotics-related information.

Originality/value
To date, this paper is one of the few to argue that knowing the conditions into which antibiotics are situated in the Global South is critical for strengthening global public health campaigns and policies against antimicrobial resistance a and reducing global health inequity.
Minimum quality standard regulation and entrepreneurial innovation
Authors: McCannon Bryan C. 
Published: November 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the impact that minimum quality standards have on product quality when entrepreneurial innovation is considered.Design/methodology/approachThe author develops a game-theoretic model. It is a standard vertical product differentiation model, but incorporates a minimum quality standard and uncertain entrepreneurial innovation.FindingsWhile the minimum quality standard increases the expected quality of the low-quality product, under reasonable circumstances the expected quality of the high-quality good decreases. Thus, average quality can decrease with regulation intended to increase product quality.Research limitations/implicationsPast research on minimum quality standards does not consider its impact on entrepreneurial effort when their innovation investments lead to uncertain outcomes.Practical implicationsMinimum quality standard regulation can have counterproductive impacts if the impact on entrepreneurs is not considered. The regulation can disincentivize entrepreneurs leading to lower quality products.Social implicationsRegulation can be welfare reducing.Originality/valueThis paper is the first to incorporate entrepreneurial innovation into a product quality model to explore the impact of minimum quality standard regulation.
An intelligent video-monitoring system to detect falls: a proof of concept
Authors: Lapierre Nolwenn , Meunier Jean , St-Arnaud Alain , Rousseau Jacqueline 
Published: November 2018

Purpose
To face the challenges raised by the high incidence of falls among older adults, the intelligent video-monitoring system (IVS), a fall detection system that respects privacy, was developed. Most fall detection systems are tested only in laboratories. The purpose of this paper is to test the IVS in a simulation context (apartment-laboratory), then at home.

Design/methodology/approach
This study is a proof of concept including two phases: a simulation study to test the IVS in an apartment-laboratory (29 scenarios of activities including falls); and a 28-day pre-test at home with two young occupants. The IVS’s sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), accuracy (A) and error rate (E) in the apartment-laboratory were calculated, and functioning at home was documented in a logbook.

Findings
For phase 1, results are: Se =91.67 per cent, Sp =99.02 per cent, A=98.25 per cent, E=1.75. For phase 2, the IVS triggered four false alarms and some technical dysfunctions appeared (e.g. computer screen never turning off) that are easily overcome.

Practical implications
Results show the IVS’s efficacy at automatically detecting falls at home. Potential issues related to future installation in older adults’ homes were identified. This proof of concept led to recommendations about the installation and calibration of a camera-based fall detection system.

Originality/value
This paper highlights the potentialities of a camera-based fall detection system in real-world contexts and supports the use of the IVS to help older adults age in place.