bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting risk for seroma development after axillary or inguinal sentinel lymph node biopsy in melanoma patients
Authors: Persa Oana‐Diana , Knuever Jana , Rose Anna , Mauch Cornelia , Schlaak Max 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundSentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is currently a routine procedure in the staging of patients with cutaneous melanoma; however, little information is available about the risk factors for postoperative complications, especially for the risk of seroma formation.MethodsMedical records of patients undergoing SLNB at the University Hospital of Cologne, Germany, between 2011 and 2016, were reviewed. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the influence of a wide range of variables on seroma development.ResultsA total of 615 patients were included in the study. Overall, 20.4% of patients developed complications with seroma being the most common postoperative complication. Development of seroma was significantly more common among smokers than nonsmokers (OR = 1.956, P = 0.007). Inguinal localization (OR = 3.644, P < 0.0001) was also associated with seroma formation. Male patients developed a seroma significantly more often than female patients following SLNB (OR = 2.104, P = 0.001). The presence or absence of metastasis in the lymph node did not influence seroma development.ConclusionsMale sex, inguinal localization, and smoking are risk factors for the development of seroma.
End‐stage kidney disease in Fiji
Authors: Krishnan Amrish , Chandra Yogeshni , Malani Joji , Jesudason Shilpanjali , Sen Shaundeep , Ritchie Angus G. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundChronic kidney disease is now a leading cause of death in Fiji. The country lacks even basic statistics about the incidence of end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD) and presents significant challenges to conducting clinical research.AimTo estimate the incidence and characteristics of ESKD in Fijian adults.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted of patients admitted to Colonial War Memorial Hospital in Suva, Fiji, in 2012. Suspected ESKD cases were identified from laboratory registers of renal function tests and confirmed through medical record review. Population data were from the Fijian Bureau of Statistics.ResultsScreening identified 1474 suspected ESKD cases. Following removal of 763 duplicates and cases with discrepant identifiers, 711 unique cases remained. An additional 552 cases met exclusion criteria, including acute kidney injury (247), failure to be admitted (131) and pre‐existing ESKD diagnosis (103), leaving 159 cases of confirmed ESKD. Median age was 57 years (interquartile range 47–65). Crude and age‐adjusted ESKD incidence rates were 753 per million population (pmp) (95% confidence interval (CI) 636–870) and 793 pmp (95% CI 669–916), respectively, rising to 938 pmp (95% CI 804–1072) if African‐American correction was removed. Diabetic nephropathy was the most common cause of ESKD (65.4%).ConclusionThe incidence of ESKD in Fiji is high. This is a substantial public health problem that is likely impacting life expectancy and quality of life. Improving screening, detection and management of kidney disease should be given more prominence in programmes to address non‐communicable diseases in Fiji and the Western Pacific.
Student Training and Workforce Development at the USGS Water Resources Research Institutes
Authors: Donohue Mary J. , Lerner Darren T. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMeasures of student training and workforce development are key academic, social, and economic metrics. A principal component of the United States Geological Survey Water Resources Research Act Program is the training of water scientists and engineers through participation in research and other mentoring. This training occurs through Water Resources Research Institutes known as the National Institutes for Water Resources. Though the institutes have a demonstrated record in student training, there has been limited synthesis of data on students trained at state and national levels to clarify these contributions to workforce development. We investigated student support at the 54 institutes from 2000 through 2015 using archived data, including a survey of institute practices. Institutes play a key role in water resources training within a greater science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) framework. Institutes pooled supported on average 678 (sd = 83) students per year (range 518 to 788), providing 10,853 student support years during this period. Individual institutes supported on average 201 (sd = 102) students per year (range 76 to 646). While 98% of institutes used data on students supported to fulfill required reporting, fewer used these data for institute promotion (45%), website or social media engagement (41%), and development/donor activities (16%). Consistency in data collection and management among institutes, coupled with refined use of student support data, such as documenting disciplines and dates of degrees earned, post‐support job placement, and diversity and equity metrics, would further demonstrate the value of this investment in student training and workforce development.
The adsorption behavior of a single and multi‐water molecules on tricalcium silicate (111) surface from DFT calculations
Authors: Zhang Yue , Lu Xinying , Song Dongsheng , Liu Songbai 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe interaction between water and tricalcium silicate (C3S) is important for the portland cement hydration, but the description at the atomistic level is still unclear. In this work, we investigate a single and multi‐water molecules adsorption behavior on tricalcium silicate (111) surface using DFT approach. For a single water molecule, both molecular and dissociative adsorption of a single water molecule can occur on the calcium silicate (111) surface and the dissociative state is preferred. The dissociative adsorption of water can only occur on the ionic O atoms while molecular adsorption can be found on the Ca atoms. The higher reactivity of ionic O atoms can be explained by the significant contribution of the Oi‐2p orbital in the valence band maximum of the surface slab. The surface reconstruction leading by dissociative adsorption is more significant than that of molecular adsorption. For two or three water molecules adsorbing on one surface unit cell, full dissociative adsorption is the most energetic mode. For 4‐15 water molecules, a mixed adsorption mode is found to be favorable. As the water coverage increase, the stepwise adsorption of water decreases due to the interaction between adsorbed water molecules.
The learning history: A research method to advance the science and practice of organizational learning in healthcare
Authors: Lyman Bret , Moore Carly 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimsThis paper presents a discussion of the learning history research method, including a description of how to conduct a learning history. Suggested applications of the method in research and clinical practice are also provided.BackgroundOrganizational learning has been linked to improved clinical performance and other positive outcomes in healthcare. Yet, the theoretical guidance available to researchers and clinical leaders who study and strive to foster organizational learning is sparse. Studying how organizational learning occurs in the healthcare context is a critical step toward addressing this knowledge gap. The learning history, a participatory research method, is specifically designed for studying the organizational learning process. Thus, it is precisely suited for the work of developing a theoretical foundation for organizational learning in healthcare.DesignDiscussion paper.Data sourcesThis discussion paper is based on relevant literature and the authors’ experiences conducting learning histories.Implications for NursingResearchers can use learning histories to develop a better understanding of and a theoretical foundation for organizational learning in healthcare. Leaders in clinical practice can use learning histories to foster learning and improvement in their organizations.ConclusionLearning histories are a promising approach to advancing the science and practice of organizational learning.
Estimating selection on the act of inbreeding in a population with strong inbreeding depression
Authors: Troianou Eva , Huisman Jisca , Pemberton Josephine M. , Walling Craig A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractInbreeding depression is widely regarded as a driving force in the evolution of dispersal, mate choice and sperm selection. However, due to likely costs of inbreeding avoidance, which are poorly understood, it is unclear to what extent selection to avoid inbreeding is expected in nature. Moreover, there are currently very few empirical estimates of the strength of selection against the act of inbreeding (mating with a relative), as opposed to the fitness costs of being inbred. Here, we use data from the individual‐based study of red deer on the Scottish island of Rum, a strongly polygynous system which harbours a large inbreeding load, to estimate selection against the act of inbreeding for each sex. We use pedigree and genomic estimates of relatedness between individuals and measure fitness using both lifetime breeding success (number of calves born) and lifetime reproductive success (number of calves surviving to independence), with the latter incorporating inbreeding depression in calf survival. We find for both sexes that the repeatability of the act of inbreeding was low (< 0.1), suggesting little among‐individual variation for this trait on which selection can act. Using the genomic measures, there was significant selection against the act of inbreeding in males, but not in females, and there was considerable uncertainty in the estimate in both sexes. We discuss possible explanations for these patterns and their implications for understanding the evolution of inbreeding avoidance in natural populations.
The effect of ultrasound pre‐treatment on quality, drying, and thermodynamic attributes of almond kernel under convective dryer using ANNs and ANFIS network
Authors: Kaveh Mohammad , Jahanbakhshi Ahmad , Abbaspour‐Gilandeh Yousef , Taghinezhad Ebrahim , Moghimi Mohammad Bagher Farshbaf 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this study, different drying conditions were investigated on quality and thermodynamic properties of almond kernel. Experiments were performed using a convection dryer with ultrasound pretreatment in 40, 50, 60, and 70 °C air temperature, 1 m/s air velocity, and duration of ultrasonic pre‐treatment of 0 min (for control sample), 10, 20, and 40 min. The drying kinetic of the almond kernel was estimated by 15 mathematical models. Furthermore, Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Adaptive Neuro‐Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS) were applied to fit the experimental data on the thin layer drying. The lowest and highest values of the effective moisture diffusivity (Deff) was 1.81 × 10−9 and 9.70 × 10−9 m2/s, respectively. Activation energy (Ea) of the samples was obtained between 26.35 and 36.44 kJ/mol. The highest and lowest values of specific energy consumption (SEC) were calculated 561.72 and 169.88 kW hr/kg, respectively. Maximum (13.14%) and the minimum (7.1%) values of shrinkage were achieved at air temperatures of 70 and 40 °C, respectively. The color changing of dried samples was obtained between 9.14 and 17.96. Furthermore, results revealed that the ANFIS model had the high ability to predict the moisture ratio (R2 = 0.9998 and MSE = 0.0003) during drying. As a result, ANFIS model has the highest ability to evaluate all output as compared with other models and ANNs method.Practical applicationsAlgorithms are modern methods that have been successfully applied to solve the various problems and modeling in engineering and science. Drying is one of the oldest procedures to preserve the food quality. Reduction of moisture content to a certain value can be caused to decay and minimize the microbiological activity and deteriorating chemical reactions in agricultural products, respectively. Determination of almond drying process under convective with ultrasound pre‐treatment dryer in terms of desirable thermal properties (effective moisture diffusivity and energy consumption) provides the high‐quality products. Furthermore, this research can be able to provide a technical basis for almond drying and the related equipment designing.
Family impact of childhood neurodevelopmental disability: considering adaptive and maladaptive behaviour
Authors: Gardiner E. , Miller A. R. , Lach L. M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the current study was to identify functional predictors of perceived impact of childhood disability among families of children with neurodevelopmental disorders and disabilities. We first examined the relationship between sub‐domains of adaptive and problematic behaviour and perceived family impact. Second, we examined whether the same sub‐domains would emerge as significant after controlling for the impact of child diagnosis, including autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy and intellectual disability.MethodCaregivers of 216 children and adolescents (M = 8.17 years) with neurodevelopmental disorder and disability completed measures of children's practical, conceptual and social skills (i.e. adaptive behaviour), behaviour problems and positive and negative family impact.ResultsIndices of child adaptive and problematic behaviour were only significantly associated with perceived negative family impact. Children's practical and social skills, as well as emotional symptoms, emerged as significant predictors of perceived negative family impact, with emotional symptoms accounting for greatest variance. Including diagnosis in our statistical models did not explain additional variance above and beyond these particular sub‐domains of child functioning.ConclusionsThe study findings suggest that it is not children's most impaired domains of functioning that are perceived as significantly impactful by the family. The findings highlight the importance of devoting consideration to the ways in which the functional limitations experienced by children with chronic developmental health conditions similarly impact family life and well‐being, regardless of disorder designation.
The geological evolution of the Gangpur Schist Belt, eastern India: Constraints on the formation of the Greater Indian Landmass in the Proterozoic
Authors: Chakraborty Tuhin , Upadhyay Dewashish , Ranjan Sameer , Pruseth Kamal L. , Nanda Jayanta K. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe Central Indian Tectonic Zone (CITZ) is a Proterozoic suture along which the Northern and Southern Indian Blocks are inferred to have amalgamated forming the Greater Indian Landmass. In this study, we use the metamorphic and geochronological evolution of the Gangpur Schist Belt (GSB) and neighbouring crustal units to constrain crustal accretion processes associated with the amalgamation of the Northern and Southern Indian Blocks. The GSB sandwiched between the Bonai Granite pluton of the Singhbhum craton and granite gneisses of the Chhotanagpur Gneiss Complex (CGC) links the CITZ and the North Singhbhum Mobile Belt. New zircon age data constrain the emplacement of the Bonai Granite at 3,370 ± 10 Ma, while the magmatic protoliths of the Chhotanagpur gneisses were emplaced at c. 1.65 Ga. The sediments in the southern part of the Gangpur basin were derived from the Singhbhum craton, whereas those in the northern part were derived dominantly from the CGC. Sedimentation is estimated to have taken place between c. 1.65 and c. 1.45 Ga. The Upper Bonai/Darjing Group rocks of the basin underwent major metamorphic episodes at c. 1.56 and c. 1.45 Ga, while the Gangpur Group of rocks were metamorphosed at c. 1.45 and c. 0.97 Ga. Based on thermobarometric studies and zircon–monazite geochronology, we infer that the geological history of the GSB is similar to that of the North Singhbhum Mobile Belt with the Upper Bonai/Darjing and the Gangpur Groups being the westward extensions of the southern and northern domains of the North Singhbhum Mobile Belt respectively. We propose a three‐stage model of crustal accretion across the Singhbhum craton—GSB/North Singhbhum Mobile Belt—CGC contact. The magmatic protoliths of the Chhotanagpur Gneisses were emplaced at c. 1.65 Ga in an arc setting. The earliest accretion event at c. 1.56 Ga involved northward subduction and amalgamation of the Upper Bonai Group with the Singhbhum craton followed by accretion of the Gangpur Group with the Singhbhum craton–Upper Bonai Group composite at c. 1.45 Ga. Finally, continent–continent collision at c. 0.96 Ga led to the accretion of the CGC with the Singhbhum craton–Upper Bonai Group–Gangpur Group crustal units, synchronous with emplacement of pegmatitic granites. The geological events recorded in the GSB and other units of the CITZ only partially overlap with those in the Trans North China Orogen and the Capricorn Orogen of Western Australia, indicating that these suture zones are not correlatable.
Advancing the case for nurse practitioner‐based models to accelerate scale‐up of HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis
Authors: Nelson LaRon E. , McMahon James M. , Leblanc Natalie M. , Braksmajer Amy , Crean Hugh F. , Smith Kristin , Xue Ying 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimsTo explore the factors that position nurse practitioners (NPs) to lead the implementation of HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis.BackgroundThe HIV epidemic represents a global health crisis. Reducing new HIV infections is a public health priority, especially for Black and Latino men who have sex with men (MSM). When taken as directed, co‐formulated emtricitabine and tenofovir have over 95% efficacy in preventing HIV; however, substantial gaps remain between those who would benefit from pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and current PrEP prescribing practices.DesignThis is a position paper that draws on concurrent assessments of research literature and advanced practice nursing frameworks.MethodThe arguments in this paper are grounded in the current literature on HIV PrEP implementation and evidence of the added value of nurse‐based models in promoting health outcomes. The American Association of Colleges of Nursing's advanced nursing practice competencies were also included as a source of data for identifying and cross‐referencing NP assets that align with HIV PrEP care continuum outcomes.ConclusionsThere are four main evidence‐based arguments that can be used to advance policy‐level and practice‐level changes that harness the assets of nurse practitioners in accelerating the scale‐up of HIV PrEP.Relevance to clinical practiceGlobal public health goals for HIV prevention cannot be achieved without the broader adoption of PrEP as a prevention practice among healthcare providers. NPs are the best hope for closing this gap in access for the populations that are most vulnerable to HIV infection.
Effects of two translated phrases of distress thermometer on screening distress in Chinese cancer patients: A comparative study
Authors: Zheng Bo , Du PeiXin , Yi TingWu , Liu Jie , Zeng Zhi , Luo Di , Jiang Yu 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAims and objectivesTo compare the screening effectiveness of two translated phrases of the Distress Thermometer (DT), namely the XinLiTongKu Thermometer (DT‐X) and KunRao Thermometer (DT‐K), in Chinese patients with cancer.BackgroundThe DT is one of the most commonly used tools to screen cancer patients’ psychological states. However, translations of the DT are not uniform in China; this may affect the screening effectiveness of this tool.DesignCross‐sectional survey with randomisation and self‐control.MethodsA sample of 172 cases was screened using the two DT translations, to check and compare the screening effectiveness of the two translations. The correlation between them was also investigated. The causes of the differences in screening effectiveness of the two translations were analysed, using 90 of the above 172 cases and an additional 68 cases. STROBE guidelines were used in reporting this study.ResultsFor the DT‐X (using a cut‐off score of 4), the sensitivity value was 0.82 and the specificity value was 0.95, where for the DT‐K (using a cut‐off score of 3), the values were 0.78 and 0.79, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.914 and 0.797, respectively. Scores of the DT‐X and the DT‐K were positively correlated. In concepts of the participants, for both phrases, the sequences of the first three meanings were the same—worried, anxious and tired—while the fourth to sixth meanings were differed between phrases.ConclusionThe DT‐X and DT‐K were both effective screening tools. However, in this study, the DT‐X had a larger AUC than the DT‐K.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study may be useful for enabling better measurement of distress in Chinese patients and improving the indigenisation of the DT.
The mitigation effects of exogenous melatonin on replant disease in apple
Authors: Li Chao , Zhao Qi , Gao Tengteng , Wang Hongying , Zhang Zhijun , Liang Bowen , Wei Zhiwei , Liu Changhai , Ma Fengwang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMelatonin mediates many physiological processes in plants. The problem of apple replant disease is unsolved. Our study objectives were to evaluate the regulatory effect of melatonin on plant resistance to this challenge and investigate the preliminary mechanism by which melatonin helps alleviate the effects of this disease. Two‐year‐old trees of “Fuji” apple (Malus domestica), grafted onto rootstock M.26, were grown in “replant” soil for 6 months in the absence or presence of a 200 μmol/L melatonin supplement. The addition of melatonin to the soil significantly increased the rates of plant growth and net photosynthesis and chlorophyll concentrations under replant conditions. This molecule elevated the levels of K in leaves and roots and enhanced the activity of soil enzymes. Such supplementation also changed the composition of the bacterial and fungal communities in the soil. We concluded that the application of melatonin to a replant soil can protect their chloroplasts from oxidative damage and release the apple root from membrane damage, and also lead to increased soil enzyme activity and soil quality while altering the composition of bacterial and fungal communities. These changes can then promote seedling growth, stimulate photosynthesis, and elevate K levels, thereby alleviating the effects of apple replant disease.