bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Messung von Mobilität und Funktion der unteren Extremität in einem ambulanten neurorehabilitativen Setting
Authors: Klotz Susanne G. R. , Ketels Gesche , Pichler Johannes , Scherer Martin , Barzel Anne 
Published: April 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Erworbene neurologische Erkrankungen mit zerebraler Beteiligung führen häufig zu Einschränkungen der Mobilität und damit auch zu einer erschwerten Teilhabe am gesellschaftlichen Leben. Daher ist die Ermöglichung und Verbesserung von Teilhabe eines der wichtigsten Ziele individuell abgestimmter Rehabilitationsmaßnahmen. Die Wiederherstellung der motorischen Funktionen hängt im Rehabilitationsverlauf nicht zuletzt von der vergangenen Zeit seit dem neurologischen Ereignis ab.
Ziel Die vorliegende Untersuchung ging der Frage nach, ob die zu Beginn und am Ende einer komplexen interdisziplinären ambulanten neurologischen Rehabilitation routinemäßig eingesetzten Messinstrumente Veränderungen im Verlauf erfassen können und sich diese bei Personen mit akuten/subakuten und chronischen Geschehen unterscheiden.
Methode Retrospektiv wurden die Daten im Zeitraum Januar 2004 bis Dezember 2014 aus dem Neuro Reha Team Pasing, München, ausgewertet. Neben demografischen Daten und der Diagnose wurden die Messergebnisse der Instrumente zur Einschätzung der Funktion der unteren Extremität erhoben. Die Berechnung der intra- und intergruppalen Mittelwertunterschiede in den Messergebnissen erfolgten mittels t-Tests für unabhängige Stichproben und Chi2-Tests.
Ergebnisse Die Personen mit neurologischen Geschehen wurden im Mittel 82 ± 36 Tage behandelt. Bei allen eingesetzten Messinstrumenten zeigte sich eine signifikante Veränderung von Ausgangs- zu Endbefund. Bis auf den 10-Meter-Gehtest ergaben sich bei allen Messinstrumenten zwischen der akuten/subakuten und der chronischen Gruppe signifikante Unterschiede im Endbefund zugunsten der akuten/subakuten Gruppe.
Schlussfolgerung Der routinemäßige Einsatz von Messinstrumenten in einem neurorehabilitativen Setting erlaubt zuverlässig das schnelle Erfassen von Veränderungen im Therapieverlauf sowohl bei Personen mit akutem/subakutem als auch chronischem neurologischen Geschehen.
The Impact of Pharmaceutical Side Effects on Audiological and Vestibular Measurements
Authors: DiSogra Robert 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThere are over 2,000 drugs with a combined total of over 400 side effects that could result in obtaining inaccurate case history information or inaccurate test results that may lead to misdiagnosing the patient's hearing or vestibular problem. The recommendations that are made could be inappropriate and thus can lead to management errors. A review of the auditory, vestibular, and cognitive side effects of many of the drugs patients take regularly (including drugs that can cause tinnitus) is provided. This article offers suggestions to obtain a more accurate case history. A review of preferred Web sites to obtain drug side effect information is included. Suggestions for improved communication strategies between the audiologist, the physician, the patient, and the pharmacist are highlighted.
Common Aminoglycosides and Platinum-Based Ototoxic Drugs: Cochlear/Vestibular Side Effects and Incidence
Authors: DiSogra Robert 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis is a reference chart that identifies 16 aminoglycoside antibiotics and platinum based drugs that could be cochleotoxic, vestibulotoxic or both. Using the most currently available data from published research from the National Library of Medicine's PubMed data base, incidence figures and risk factors are included in the chart along with the potential of permanence of reversibility of the impairment.
Monitoring Protocols for Cochlear Toxicity
Authors: Lord Sherman 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe need for monitoring hearing and auditory function during drug therapy and other treatments that have the potential to cause hearing loss is well documented. Besides the main purpose of ototoxic monitoring, which is to provide feedback to the attending physician about the effects the treatment is having on the auditory system, it is also helpful in setting expectations for the patient and his/her family about the communication issues that may result from the drug therapy. This article will review tests available to an audiologist, both subjective and objective, that can be used to effectively monitor hearing levels and auditory function during treatment. Published guidelines and various ototoxic monitoring protocols are reviewed regarding tests administered, what constitutes a significant change in test results and how these findings are reported, and the impact significant changes may have on the course of treatment. Test protocols from different institutions are compared for both similarities and contrasts. Effective scheduling and test location are key to a successful monitoring program. Finally, the need to streamline ototoxic monitoring of hearing and auditory function to reduce test time and make it less stressful and tiresome on the patient will be considered.
Vestibular Toxicity: Causes, Evaluation Protocols, Intervention, and Management
Authors: Gans Richard , Rauterkus Grant ,   Research Associate
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe loss of vestibular function, typically bilateral, due to chemical solvents and pharmacological agents is not rare and has been investigated and reported for many years. The successful treatment of bacterial infections and sepsis with IV antibiotics and cancer-fighting drugs like cisplatin makes the decision to use these life-saving drugs less of a debate, despite their potential deleterious effect on balance and equilibrium. The purpose of this article is to provide the reader with an overview of the more common substances found in industry and medicine which may decrease or permanently destroy peripheral and/or central vestibular function. A review of bedside and clinical evaluation protocols will be discussed as well as best practice intervention with balance retraining therapy. Finally, the role of the audiologist and opportunities for participation in an interdisciplinary approach to evaluation and management will be presented.
Complications and Treatment of Delayed or Inadequately Treated Nasoorbitoethmoid Fractures
Authors: Han Peter , Kim Yohanan , Herford Alan , Inman Jared 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDelayed or improper repair of nasoorbitoethmoid (NOE) fractures can lead to debilitating outcomes including diplopia, epiphora, nasal obstruction, facial asymmetry, and poor cosmesis. As such, NOE fractures should be repaired promptly and properly to prevent these unwanted sequelae. Treating patients with delayed, untreated, or inadequately reduced NOE fractures is challenging due to scarring and contracture. Saddle nose deformity, telecanthus, enophthalmos, nasolacrimal duct obstruction, and soft-tissue scarring are often encountered in the secondary management of NOE fractures and should be addressed in the overall context of reestablishing facial symmetry and function.
Regional Reconstruction of Orbital Exenteration Defects
Authors: Jategaonkar Ameya , Vernon Dominic , Byrne Patrick 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAggressive disease such as invasive fungal infections or malignancies may necessitate orbital exenteration. The defects of orbital exenteration are often complex involving adjacent structures. Rehabilitation of the orbital exenteration defect poses unique challenges to the reconstructive surgeon. Various options have been described ranging from secondary intention to microvascular free tissue reconstruction. Here the authors review local/regional options for reconstruction of orbital exenteration defects.
Orbital Trauma
Authors: Lozada Kirkland , Cleveland Patrick , Smith Jesse 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe orbit is contained within a complex bony architecture with overlying soft tissue that involves many important anatomical structures. Orbital trauma is a frequent cause of damage to these structures. The authors review the literature on reconstructive techniques focusing on fractures of the orbital rim, orbital roof, orbital floor, medial orbital wall, and naso-orbito-ethmoid complex. A thorough literature review was conducted using PubMed analyzing articles relevant to the subject matter. Various search terms were used to identify articles regarding orbital trauma presentation, diagnosis, management, as well as postoperative complications. Articles were examined by all authors and pertinent information was gleaned for the purpose of generating this review. Orbital trauma can result in a wide variety of complications in form and function. Not all orbital fractures require operative repair. However, bony disruption can cause enophthalmos, hypophthalmos, telecanthus, epiphora, cerebrospinal fluid leaks, orbital hematoma, and even blindness to name a few. Timing of operative repair as well as reconstructive method is dictated by the patient's individual presentation. Successful fracture management requires a detailed understanding of the anatomy and pathophysiology to ensure restoration of the patients' preoperative state. Orbital trauma encompasses a wide variety of mechanisms of injury and resulting fracture patterns. A variety of surgical approaches to the orbit exist as has been discussed allowing the surgeon access to all area of interest. Regardless of the fracture complexity, the principles of atraumatic technique, anatomic reduction, and stable fixation apply in all cases.
Stepwise activation of a class C GPCR begins with millisecond dimer rearrangement
Authors: Grushevskyi Eugene O. , Kukaj Taulant , Schmauder Ralf , Bock Andreas , Zabel Ulrike , Schwabe Tina , Benndorf Klaus , Lohse Martin J. 
Published: April 2019

Significance
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) form a family of signaling molecules in the membrane of cells that plays a key role in transduction of cellular responses. Little is known about how rapidly GPCRs can be activated. While the “light receptor” rhodopsin in the eye activates within 1 ms, other GPCRs are thought to activate much slower. We use two entirely different techniques with advanced time resolution to activate a dimeric metabotropic glutamate GPCR: UV light-triggered uncaging of ligand in intact cells and piezo-driven ligand application in outside-out patches. We demonstrate initial conformational rearrangements within ≈1 ms that are followed by much slower (≈20 ms) activation in the transmembrane domain. Thus, the initial activation of a nonvisual GPCR proceeds with millisecond speed.
Register in variationist linguistics
Authors: Szmrecsanyi Benedikt 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBenedikt Szmrecsanyi, Professor of Linguistics in the Quantitative Lexicology and Variational Linguistics research group at the Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, writes this article exploring the connections between register and variationist linguistics. He is involved with various large-scale research projects in areas such as probabilistic grammar, variationist sociolinguistic research, linguistic complexity, and dialectology/dialectometry. Szmrecsanyi’s books includeGrammatical Variation in British English Dialects: A Study in Corpus-based Dialectometry(2013, Cambridge) andAggregating Dialectology, Typology, and Register Analysis: Linguistic Variation in Text and Speech(Szmrecsanyi & Wälchli 2014, Mouton de Gruyter). He is currently a principal investigator on a major grant-funded research project titled ‘The register-specificity of probabilistic grammatical knowledge in English and Dutch’, a project aimed at exploring the question of whether register differences lead to differences in the processes of making linguistic choices. In sharp contrast to the status quo in variationist linguistics, where register is often ignored entirely, much of Szmrecsanyi’s variationist research treats register as a variable of primary importance. The findings from these studies have led Benedikt Szmrecsanyi to state that “we need more empirical/variationist work to explore the differences that register makes” (Szmrecsanyi 2017: 696).
Text-linguistic approaches to register variation
Authors: Biber Douglas 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDouglas Biber, Regents’ Professor of Applied Linguistics at Northern Arizona University, authors this article exploring the connections between register and a text-linguistic approach to language variation. He has spent the last 30 years pursuing a research program that explores the inherent link between register and language use, including at the phraseological, grammatical, and lexico-grammatical levels. His seminal bookVariation across Speech and Writing(1988, Cambridge University Press) launched multi-dimensional (MD) analysis, a comprehensive framework and methodology for the large-scale study of register variation. This approach was innovative in taking a text-linguistic approach to characterize language use across situations of use through the quantitative and functional analysis of linguistic co-occurrence patterns and underlying dimensions of language use. MD analysis is now used widely to study register variation over time, in general and specialized registers, in learner language, and across a range of languages. In 1999, theLongman Grammar of Spoken and Written English(Biber et al.) became the first comprehensive descriptive reference book to systematically consider register variation in describing the grammatical and lexico-grammatical patterns of use in English. Douglas Biber’s quantitative linguistic research has consistently demonstrated the importance of register as a predictor of language variation. In his own words, “register always matters” (Gray 2013: 360, Interview with Douglas Biber,English Language & Linguistics).
Species distribution models (SDM): applications, benefits and challenges in invasive species management.
Authors: Srivastava V. , Lafond V. , Griess V. C. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The use of species distribution models (SDM) is of increasing popularity when studying biological invasions, e.g. to assess the impact of climate change on invasive species, to prioritize conservation measures, or to study invasive evolutionary biology. SDM correlate known occurrences of species with environmental variables and predict a species' potential distribution on other geographies over space and time. Today, SDM are widely used to produce invasion risk maps by delineating probable risk areas based on climatic suitability for a species. These maps can guide early detection and rapid response measures. While recent developments in modelling approaches and wider availability of environment datasets have helped to create better and more accurate SDM, in many cases the used models ignore the associated underlying ecological processes for e.g. dispersal and biotic interactions and thus provide only an incomplete picture of invasion risks. In this paper, we present a review of the most common applications of SDM in invasive species management and provide an overview of possible solutions to various challenges like uncertainty and transferability associated with them. Based on our review we conclude that ways towards more accurate model outputs include fitting models with existing ecological knowledge (hybrid models), address uncertainty and biotic interactions and link species dispersal traits with projections of species distributions. In the future, work is required on developing more hybrid approaches and models that addresses both local diffusion and long distance movement of alien species.
Production of the plant polyketide curcumin in Aspergillus oryzae: strengthening malonyl-CoA supply for yield improvement
Authors: Kan Eiichiro , Katsuyama Yohei , Maruyama Jun-ichi , Tamano Koichi , Koyama Yasuji , Ohnishi Yasuo 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
The filamentous fungus Aspergillus oryzae was recently used as a heterologous host for fungal secondary metabolite production. Here, we aimed to produce the plant polyketide curcumin in A. oryzae. Curcumin is synthesized from feruloyl-coenzyme A (CoA) and malonyl-CoA by curcuminoid synthase (CUS). A. oryzae expressing CUS produced curcumin (64 μg/plate) on an agar medium containing feruloyl-N-acetylcysteamine (a feruloyl-CoA analog). To increase curcumin yield, we attempted to strengthen the supply of malonyl-CoA using two approaches: enhancement of the reaction catalyzed by acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), which produces malonyl-CoA from acetyl-CoA, and inactivation of the acetyl-CoA-consuming sterol biosynthesis pathway. Finally, we succeeded in increasing curcumin yield sixfold by the double disruption of snfA and SCAP; SnfA is a homolog of SNF1, which inhibits ACC activity by phosphorylation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and SCAP is positively related to sterol biosynthesis in Aspergillus terreus. This study provided useful information for heterologous polyketide production in A. oryzae.
Engaging problems on trigonometry: why were student hard to think critically?
Authors: Aminudin M , Nusantara T , Parta I N , Rahardjo S , As’ari A R , Subanji  
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This research study aimed to determine the causes of difficulties for students to think critically in solving trigonometric problem. 29 first semester students of the UNISSULA mathematics education program participated in this study. Data collection techniques used mathematic test and unstructured interviews. The math test given is a trigonometric problem. The result of research indicated that there were four factors that caused the students difficult to think critically. Those four factors are lack of skepticism on math problem, learning of school mathematics that did not emphasize critical thinking, student ignorance about critical thinking, and motivation was limited only to solve math problems.
Shedding Light on the Association between Night Work and Breast Cancer
Authors: Cherrie John W 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Shift work that involves circadian disruption has been classified as probably carcinogenic to humans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, although more recent epidemiological evidence is not consistent. Several mechanisms have been postulated to explain an association between night work and female breast cancer, but the most likely is suppression of the hormone melatonin by light exposure at night. Three articles recently published in this journal describe aspects of exposure to light during night work. These articles and other evidence suggest that nighttime light levels may not always be sufficient to affect melatonin production, which could in part explain the inconsistencies in the epidemiological data. There is need to improve the specificity and reliability of exposure assessments in future epidemiological studies of night shift workers.
Large-scale inference of competing endogenous RNA networks with sparse partial correlation
Authors: List Markus , Dehghani Amirabad Azim , Kostka Dennis , Schulz Marcel H 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMotivationMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important non-coding post-transcriptional regulators that are involved in many biological processes and human diseases. Individual miRNAs may regulate hundreds of genes, giving rise to a complex gene regulatory network in which transcripts carrying miRNA binding sites act as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs). Several methods for the analysis of ceRNA interactions exist, but these do often not adjust for statistical confounders or address the problem that more than one miRNA interacts with a target transcript.ResultsWe present SPONGE, a method for the fast construction of ceRNA networks. SPONGE uses ’multiple sensitivity correlation’, a newly defined measure for which we can estimate a distribution under a null hypothesis. SPONGE can accurately quantify the contribution of multiple miRNAs to a ceRNA interaction with a probabilistic model that addresses previously neglected confounding factors and allows fast P-value calculation, thus outperforming existing approaches. We applied SPONGE to paired miRNA and gene expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas for studying global effects of miRNA-mediated cross-talk. Our results highlight already established and novel protein-coding and non-coding ceRNAs which could serve as biomarkers in cancer.Availability and implementationSPONGE is available as an R/Bioconductor package (doi: 10.18129/B9.bioc.SPONGE).Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Simplified pipelines for genetic engineering of mammalian embryos by CRISPR-Cas9 electroporation†
Authors: Miao Deqiang , Giassetti Mariana Ianello , Ciccarelli Michela , Lopez-Biladeau Blanca , Oatley Jon M 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Gene editing technologies, such as CRISPR-Cas9, have important applications in mammalian embryos for generating novel animal models in biomedical research and lines of livestock with enhanced production traits. However, the lack of methods for efficient introduction of gene editing reagents into zygotes of various species and the need for surgical embryo transfer in mice have been technical barriers of widespread use. Here, we described methodologies that overcome these limitations for embryos of mice, cattle, and pigs. Using mutation of the Nanos2 gene as a readout, we refined electroporation parameters with preassembled sgRNA-Cas9 RNPs for zygotes of all three species without the need for zona pellucida dissolution that led to high-efficiency INDEL edits. In addition, we optimized culture conditions to support maturation from zygote to the multicellular stage for all three species that generates embryos ready for transfer to produce gene-edited animals. Moreover, for mice, we devised a nonsurgical embryo transfer method that yields offspring at an efficiency comparable to conventional surgical approaches. Collectively, outcomes of these studies provide simplified pipelines for CRISPR-Cas9-based gene editing that are applicable in a variety of mammalian species.
Ocean Floor Grab: International Law and the Making of an Extractive Imaginary
Authors: Ranganathan Surabhi 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
In this article, I argue for a critical recognition of the law of the sea, as it developed from the post-war period, as fostering a ‘grab’ of the ocean floor via national jurisdiction and international administration. I discuss why we should view what might be discussed otherwise as an ‘enclosure’ or ‘incorporation’ of the ocean floor within the state system as its grab. I then trace the grounds on which the ocean was brought within national and international regimes: the ocean floor’s geography and economic value. Both were asserted as givens – that is, as purely factual, but they were, in fact, reified through law. The article thus calls attention to the law’s constitutive effects. I examine the making of this law, showing that law-making by governments was influenced by acts of representation and narrative creation by many non-state actors. It was informed by both economic and non-economic influences, including political solidarity and suspicion, and parochial as well as cosmopolitan urges. Moreover, the law did not develop gradually or consistently. In exploring its development, I bring into focus the role played by one influential group of actors – international lawyers themselves.
On the Theory of Higher Rank Euler, Kolyvagin and Stark Systems
Authors: Burns David , Sano Takamichi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMazur and Rubin have recently developed a theory of higher rank Kolyvagin and Stark systems over principal artinian rings and discrete valuation rings. We describe a natural extension of (a slightly modified version of) their theory to systems over more general coefficient rings. We also construct unconditionally, and for general $p$-adic representations, a canonical, and typically large, module of higher rank Euler systems and show that for $p$-adic representations satisfying standard hypotheses the image under a natural higher rank Kolyvagin-derivative-type homomorphism of each such system is a higher rank Kolyvagin system that originates from a Stark system.