bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is There a Benefit to Culturing Intra-Uterine Devices in Pelvic Inflammatory Disease?
Authors: Fouks Yuval , Many Ariel , Amit Sharon , Levin Isahai , Meiri Amir , Shinar Shiri 
Published: July 2018

<b><i>Aims:</i></b> The study aimed to compare the clinical course and disease severity between culture positive and culture negative patients with intra-uterine devices (IUD)-associated pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A retrospective study of all IUD-associated PID patients admitted to tertiary medical center between 2010 and 2015. All patients received standard empiric antibiotic therapy upon admission. The study cohort was divided into 2: patients with culture positive IUDs and patients with negative cultures. Electronic medical records and culture results were analyzed from the time of admission. <b><i>Results:</i></b> During the study period, 480 hospitalized patients were diagnosed with PID. Of these, 94 patients had IUD-associated PID, 59 with positive cultures and 35 with negative cultures. While fever was more common in the latter (<i>p</i> = 0.01), no significant differences were found in disease severity in patient outcomes (i.e., length of stay, rates of invasive treatment, and total abdominal hysterectomies). In a sub-analysis of patients with IUD cultures of established PID pathogens only, there were no differences in disease severity and outcome in patients with antibiotic susceptible or resistant strains. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> IUD removal for culture in PID patients is probably unnecessary. Alteration of treatment according to the culture results may have little impact on disease course and outcome.
Omentin-1 Changes following Biliopancreatic Diversion and Relationship with Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Authors: de Luis Daniel Antonio , García Calvo Susana , Lopez Gomez Juan Jose , Izaola Olatz , Primo David , Pacheco David , Aller Rocío 
Published: July 2018

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Omentin-1 might play a role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and obesity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of weight loss after biliopancreatic diversion on serum omentin-1 concentrations. <b><i>Material and Methods</i></b> A Caucasian population of 24 morbid obese patients was analyzed before and after 12 months of a biliopancreatic diversion surgery. Biochemical and anthropometric evaluation were realized at basal visit and at 12 months. Body weight, fat mass, waist circumferences, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), lipid concentrations and omentin-1 were measured. <b><i>Results:</i></b> After bariatric surgery and in both gender groups (males vs. females); BMI, weight, fat mass, waist circumference, blood pressure, glucose , total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, HOMA-IR and fasting insulin decreased in a statistical manner from basal values. Omentin-1 levels increased after bariatric surgery and in both gender the improvement was similar (males vs. females); (delta: –87.1 ± 19.0 ng/dL; <i>p</i> = 0.02 vs. –93.8 ± 28.1 ng/dL; <i>p</i> = 0.03). In the multiple regression analysis adjusted by age and sex; BMI kg/m<sup>2</sup> (Beta –0.32: 95% CI –3.98 to –0.12) and insulin UI/L (Beta –0.41: 95% CI –8.38 to –0.16) remained in the model with basal omentin-1 levels as dependent variable. The regression model with post-surgery omentin-1 levels as dependent variable showed as independent variables BMI kg/m<sup>2</sup> (Beta –0.13: 95% CI –7.69 to –0.09) and insulin UI/L (Beta –0.24: 95% CI –5.69 to –0.08), too. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> This study showed a significant increase in omentin-1 levels after weight loss secondary biliopancreatic diversion surgery. A weak negative correlation with BMI and basal insulin levels was detected.
Colloquium 1 Commentary on Cherubin
Authors: Weiss Yale 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This commentary examines the interpretation of Parmenides developed by Rose Cherubin in her paper, “Parmenides, Liars, and Mortal Incompleteness.” First, I discuss the tensions Cherubin identifies between the definitions and presuppositions of justice, necessity, fate, and the other requisites of inquiry. Second, I critically assess Cherubin’s attribution of a sort of liar paradox to Parmenides. Finally, I argue that Cherubin’s handling of the Doxa, the section of Parmenides’ poem that deals with mortal opinion and cosmology, is unsatisfactory. I suggest that her reading may contradict the text in denying that the Doxa contains truths.
Colloquium 2 The Metaphysics of the Syllogism
Authors: Halper Edward C. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This paper addresses a central metaphysical issue that has not been recognized: what kind of entity is a syllogism? I argue that the syllogism cannot be merely a mental entity. Some counterpart must exist in nature. A careful examination of the Posterior Analytics’s distinction between the syllogism of the fact and the syllogism of the reasoned fact shows that we must set aside contemporary logic to appreciate Aristotle’s logic, enables us to understand the validity of the scientific syllogism through its content rather than its form, and explains the priority of the scientific syllogism over other valid syllogisms. The opening chapters of Posterior Analytics II help us to distinguish the entities that scientific syllogism must include as its terms; namely, a genus, an essential nature, and essential attributes of the genus. Often, the attributes are found in closely linked sequences. By exploring why there are such sequences and how they are linked, the paper argues that sequences of genus, nature, and sequential attributes are the basis in nature for the process of reasoning that we call the syllogism: we come to grasp the syllogism over time but the sequences to which it refers exist together in things. So understood, the syllogism, like knowledge of forms and truths, exists in us and in the world.
The Impact of Mountain Waves on an Idealized Baroclinically Unstable Large-Scale Flow
Authors: Menchaca Maximo Q. , Durran Dale R. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The feedback of mountain waves and low-level blocking on an idealized baroclinically unstable wave passing over an isolated ridge is examined through numerical simulation. Theoretical analysis implies that the volume-integrated perturbation momentum budget is dominated by mean-flow deceleration, the divergence of vertical fluxes of horizontal momentum, and the Coriolis force acting on the perturbation ageostrophic wind. These do indeed appear as the dominant balances in numerically computed budgets averaged over layers containing 1) wave breaking in the lower stratosphere, 2) flow blocking with wave breaking near the surface, and 3) a region of pronounced horizontally averaged mean-flow deceleration in the upper troposphere where there is no wave breaking. The local impact of wave breaking on the jet in the lower stratosphere is dramatic, with winds in the jet core reduced by almost 50% relative to the no-mountain case. Although it is the layer with the strongest average deceleration, the local patches of decelerated flow are weakest in the upper troposphere. The cross-mountain pressure drag over a 2-km-high ridge greatly exceeds the vertical momentum flux at mountain-top level because of low-level wave breaking, blocking, and lateral flow diversion. These pressure drags and the low-level momentum fluxes are significantly different from corresponding values computed for simulations with steady forcing matching the instantaneous conditions over the mountain in the evolving large-scale flow.
Multigene Hereditary Cancer Panels Reveal High-Risk Pancreatic Cancer Susceptibility Genes
Authors: Hu Chunling , LaDuca Holly , Shimelis Hermela , Polley Eric C. , Lilyquist Jenna , Hart Steven N. , Na Jie , Thomas Abigail , Lee Kun Y. , Davis Brigette Tippin , Black Mary Helen , Pesaran Tina , Goldgar David E. , Dolinsky Jill S. , Couch Fergus J. 
Published: July 2018

Purpose The relevance of inherited pathogenic mutations in cancer predisposition genes in pancreatic cancer is not well understood. We aimed to assess the characteristics of patients with pancreatic cancer referred for hereditary cancer genetic testing and to estimate the risk of pancreatic cancer associated with mutations in panel-based cancer predisposition genes in this high-risk population. Methods Patients with pancreatic cancer (N = 1,652) were identified from a 140,000-patient cohort undergoing multigene panel testing of predisposition genes between March 2012 and June 2016. Gene-level mutation frequencies relative to Exome Aggregation Consortium and Genome Aggregation Database reference controls were assessed. Results The frequency of germline cancer predisposition gene mutations among patients with pancreatic cancer was 20.73%. Mutations in ATM, BRCA2, CDKN2A, MSH2, MSH6, PALB2, and TP53 were associated with high pancreatic cancer risk (odds ratio, > 5), and mutations in BRCA1 were associated with moderate risk (odds ratio, > 2). In a logistic regression model adjusted for age at diagnosis and family history of cancer, ATM and BRCA2 mutations were associated with personal history of breast or pancreatic cancer, whereas PALB2 mutations were associated with family history of breast or pancreatic cancer. Conclusion These findings provide insight into the spectrum of mutations expected in patients with pancreatic cancer referred for cancer predisposition testing. Mutations in eight genes confer high or moderate risk of pancreatic cancer and may prove useful for risk assessment for pancreatic and other cancers. Family and personal histories of breast cancer are strong predictors of germline mutations.
Repeated Testing With the Hypertonic Saline Assay in Mice for Screening of Analgesic Activity
Authors: Asiri Yahya I. , Fung Timothy , Schwarz Stephan K. W. , Barr Alasdair M. , Puil Ernest , MacLeod Bernard A. 
Published: July 2018

BACKGROUND:
In vivo animal assays are a cornerstone of preclinical pain research. An optimal stimulus for determining the activity of potential analgesics would produce responses of a consistent magnitude on repeated testing. Intraplantar (i.pl.) injection of hypertonic saline (HS) in mice produces robust nociceptive responses to different analgesics, without evidence of tissue damage. Here, we investigated whether the nociceptive response is changed by repeating the injection at different times and sites in a mouse and whether it is attenuated by morphine.

METHODS:
We conducted randomized and blinded experiments to assess responses to repeated i.pl. 10% HS in female CD-1 mice. An injection of HS was followed by a second injection into the same hind paw at 4 hours, 24 hours, or 7 days. A separate group of mice each received i.pl. injections at 5, 10, and 15 days. In 2 independent experiments, 30 minutes after initial HS injections in the ipsilateral hind paw, mice received HS injection into the contralateral hind paw or ipsilateral forepaw. The ability of morphine to block the nociceptive responses was examined by injecting morphine at 5-day intervals.

RESULTS:
Repeated injection of HS did not alter the responses at 4 hours (84 vs 75 seconds; mean difference [95% CI], −9 [−40 to 23]; P = .6), 24 hours (122 vs 113 seconds; −6 [−24 to 12]; P = .5), or 7 days (112 vs 113 seconds; −0.3 [−12 to 11]; P = .95) or at multiple injections (day 0, 122 seconds vs day 5, 121 seconds; −0.3 [−28 to 27], P > .99; day 10, 118 seconds; 2.5 [−36 to 41], P = .99; day 15, 119 seconds; 2 [−36 to 38], P = .99). A previous hind paw injection did not change the responses of the contralateral hind paw (right, 93 seconds versus left, 96 seconds; −3 [−20 to 13], P = .7) or of the ipsilateral forepaw (forepaw after HS, 146 seconds versus forepaw after 0.9% saline, 149 seconds; −3 [−28 to 22], P = .8). Morphine dose-dependently attenuated HS responses (control, 94 seconds vs 4 mg/kg, 66 seconds; 29 [−7 to 64], P = .12; vs 10 mg/kg, 27 seconds; 67 [44–90], P < .0001; 4 vs 10 mg/kg, 67 [44–90], P = .03).

CONCLUSIONS:
The repetition of i.pl. HS produces consistent reproducible responses without tissue damage. This results in efficient, rapid detection of analgesic activity, reducing the number of animals required.
Limites das assimetrias regulatórias e contratuais: o caso dos aeroportos
Authors: Marques Neto Floriano de Azevedo , Zago Marina Fontão 
Published: July 2018

Limits of regulatory and contractual asymmetries: the case of the Brazilian airport infrastructure Embora uma regulação técnica implique captar e compreender as especificidades das cadeias e das atividades setoriais, essa modulação regulatória não autoriza distinções ilimitadas entre atores e atividades equivalentes, sob pena de se afrontar a isonomia e distorcer a concorrência, com impactos na qualidade do serviço a ser prestado ao consumidor. Este artigo defende que as assimetrias regulatórias (assim consideradas as regras diferenciadas para atores de um mesmo setor ou mesmo de uma mesma cadeia setorial) devem ser previstas se e na medida necessária para efetivar a pauta da política pública setorial. Além disso, o artigo define as balizas, de forma abstrata, para as assimetrias regulatórias, e depois as aplica a um caso concreto: o setor de infraestrutura aeroportuária, que possui diversidade de modelos exploratórios e contratos de concessões, o que permite distinguir as assimetrias regulatórias (decorrentes de sujeição geral e abstrata) das assimetrias contratuais (decorrentes de sujeição específica e concreta). Por fim, concluímos que as assimetrias regulatórias que extrapolam as balizas antes apontadas podem ser contestadas, administrativa ou judicialmente. In order to achieve a well-done technical regulation, it is necessary to deeply understand the specificities of one sector chains and activities. However, this regulatory modulation does not authorize unlimited distinctions between equivalent players and activities, otherwise it could violate the equal protection rule and distort competition, with impacts on the quality of the service to be provided to the consumers. This article argues that regulatory asymmetries (herein considered as the enactment of differentiated rules for players within the same sector or even the same sectorial chain) should be predicted if and to the extent necessary to implement the sectorial public policy agenda. Furthermore, the article establishes the generic limits of the regulatory asymmetries, and then applies them to a case study: the Brazilian airport infrastructure, formed by different exploitation regimes and concession agreements, which allows us to distinguish the regulatory asymmetries (arising from general and abstract subjection) from the contractual asymmetries (arising from specific and concrete subjection). In conclusion, we argue that regulatory asymmetries that overpass the aforementioned mentioned limits can be challenged with administrative or judicial procedures.
Tribunais de Contas: competentes constitucionalmente para o exercício das funções administrativa e jurisdicional
Authors: Salles Alexandre Aroeira 
Published: July 2018

Brazilian Courts of Accounts: competencies for the administrative and the jurisdiction functions Este artigo interpreta as normas da Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988 referentes à atividade de controle externo ao encargo do Tribunal de Contas da União, em especial a norma do inciso II do artigo 71 da Constituição, a fim de avaliar se teria sido entregue às Cortes de Contas o exercício da função jurisdicional. This article interprets the norms of the Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil of 1988 regarding the external control activity of the Federal Court of Accounts, especially the norm of item II of article 71 of the Constitution, in order to know if the Brazilian Constitution gave jurisdictional competencies for this Court.
A paz, tranquilidade e garantia dos habitantes desta Capital: A atuação da Quarta Delegacia Auxiliar do Distrito Federal no ano de 1932
Authors: Ribeiro Felipe Castanho 
Published: July 2018

O presente artigo tem como proposta principal analisar as medidas adotadas pelo Governo Provisório para combater a oposição política no Distrito Federal ao longo do ano de 1932. Vale ressaltar que este foi o ano da Guerra de 1932, mais conhecida como revolução constitucionalista, razão pela qual este evento detém uma posição central neste estudo. Neste sentido, o governo precisou adotar uma série de medidas para evitar a desordem e garantir a sua legitimidade na capital do país. Dessa forma, para a presente análise, trabalhamos principalmente com o relatório de atuação da Quarta Delegacia Auxiliar do Distrito Federal que se destacava pelo tratamento das questões políticas e sociais da cidade.
Futebol profissional: saída da pobreza? / Professional football: a way out of poverty?
Authors: Heller Mandel Carlos , Burgos Pimentel dos Santos Fernando 
Published: July 2018

A pesquisa pretende analisar se o futebol é uma alternativa de saída da pobreza. Com base no trabalho de Fields (2001), Bradshaw (2007), Goldthorpe (2011), entre outros, são discutidos os conceitos de pobreza e mobilidade social. O trabalho de campo pautou-se nas obras de May (2004), Spink (2008) e Rego e Pinzani (2013). Foi possível perceber que é necessário grande investimento familiar para que um jovem participe de uma peneira e que, quando é de baixa renda, há uma relação predatória dos empresários. Diversas barreiras impedem que um adolescente pobre supere sua condição por meio desta prática esportiva. Entretanto, o futebol se configura como uma oportunidade para jovens no que tange a mobilidade social, embora a carreira apresente mais desafios do que a concepção vendida pelos clubes. This research aims to analyze whether football is an alternative way out of poverty. Based on the work of Fields (2001), Bradshaw (2007), Goldthorpe (2011), among others, the concepts of poverty and social mobility are discussed. The field work was based on the works of May (2004), Spink (2008) and Rego and Pinzani (2013). It was possible to realize that, for an adolescent to participate in a try-out, it is necessary a huge investment from his family and that there is a predatory relation of agents with poor teenagers. Several barriers prevent a poor teenager from overcoming his condition through this professional sporting practice. However, football is an opportunity for young people in terms of social mobility, although the career presents more challenges than the idea sold by the clubs.
O ambiente como bem jurídico: a contribuição da análise econômica ao debate no direito brasileiro
Authors: Mota Maurício Jorge Pereira da , Gama Guilherme Calmon Nogueira da , Cardoso Patricia Silva 
Published: July 2018

A tensão existente entre desenvolvimento econômico e preservação ambiental provoca acalorados debates no cenário contemporâneo, marcado por um contexto de contínua expansão do mercado global. O conflito exige uma profunda reflexão, direcionada para a busca de mecanismos que promovam uma conciliação mínima entre os dois vetores. A União Europeia define a questão ambiental como um dos vértices de sua política econômica e pretende conciliar a proteção ao meio-ambiente com a sua posição competitiva no mercado mundial. Insere-se nesta linha o sétimo programa de ação ambiental da UE, que prevê como um de seus objetivos prioritários a abordagem correta das externalidades ambientais. Com o intuito de promover uma reflexão maior sobre o tema, serão descritos alguns modelos de proteção ambiental adotados por Estados-nacionais e seus fundamentos jurídicos. Apesar das preocupações internacionais ocuparem o discurso atual, é importante verificar em que medida as localidades incorporam tais diretrizes globais e quais são os obstáculos encontrados na efetividade da proteção ambiental. Diante do apontado, cresce a importância dos instrumentos econômicos na tutela do meio ambiente, em especial aqueles que desestimulam a poluição e premiam a conservação. Por tal motivo, serão também descritos os instrumentos econômicos de tutela ambiental existentes no Brasil, com especial ênfase nos mecanismos de compensação das externalidades negativas em empreendimentos causadores de impactos ambientais. O estudo da experiência brasileira pode contribuir eficazmente para a consideração adequada dos fatores externos ambientais e otimizar os mecanismos de externalidades negativas existentes na UE.
Cultura digital: Cinema - TIC: trabajando conciencia histórica para los nativos digitales.
Authors: Silva da Silva Alexandre 
Published: July 2018

El uso de las nuevas TIC en el aula, en la actualidad, emerge como un aspecto esencial de la transformación del conocimiento, también en la enseñanza de la Historia, colaborando como medio de aprendizaje significativo en un escenario donde lo moderno se vuelve obsoleto rápidamente y los métodos tradicionales de enseñanza/aprendizaje ya no dan cuenta de las necesidades de los estudiantes de la llamada Generación «Z», los nativos digitales, que viven los cambios, sobre todo, la velocidad de la información, como parte integrante de su realidad.Presentamos aquí una metodología que trata el cine, las películas y sus posibilidades como un medio de desarrollo de la conciencia histórica y el fortalecimiento de la identidad. Utilizaremos el filme 12 años de esclavitud, de 2014, la cual presenta una gran riqueza de información temporal, geográfica, religiosa, y sus influencias en las identidades que aparecen en la narrativa, sirviendo como objeto de estudio para diferentes contenidos de la disciplina histórica.Combinamos así las TIC con la enseñanza de la historia, con el fin de estimular la reflexión/ investigación /valoración contextualizada, desarrollando una conciencia histórica.
Uniaxial Tension of a Filament-wound Composite Tube at Low Temperature
Authors: Szabó Gyula , Váradi Károly 
Published: July 2018

The aim of this article is to model mechanical behavior of a filament-wound, rubber-based composite tube subjected to uniaxial tension at low temperature by test experiments and FE simulations. Uniaxial tensile tests at sub-zero temperature (-40 °C) have been carried out on standard test specimens and on hose pieces. furthermore, a uniaxial tensile test has been performed on a hose piece at room temperature as a reference experiment. Reinforcement layers of the composite tube are modeled as transversely isotropic, whereas elastomer liners are described by 2 parameter Mooney-Rivlin hyperelastic material model. Temperature-dependence of elastic constants of composite layers is attributed to the temperature-dependence of rubber, so uniaxial tensile tests on standard test specimens needed to be carried out for determining material properties of rubber at sub-zero temperature (-40°C).
Force-displacement results of FE models and experiments of standard test specimen and hose piece show good agreement. Likewise, force-displacement curves of reference experiment (carried out at room temperature) and its related FE simulation are in good agreement with each other. Slope of force-displacement curves of hose piece at -40 °C is nearly 3.4 times the slope of force-displacement curves of hose piece at room temperature.
Interpersonal discussions and immigration attitudes
Authors: Kalogeropoulos Antonis , Hopmann David Nicolas 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The antecedents of immigration attitudes have been extensively examined in academic research, in particular, with respect to media use and personal contact with immigrants. Research on the role of interpersonal discussions about the issue of immigration has been scarce, however. Results from a two-wave panel survey show that individuals holding unfavorable attitudes towards immigration engaged more often in interpersonal communication about immigration, which colored the overall effect of engaging in such discussions. The implications of these results are discussed in the concluding section.