bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Trifluoromethyl Pyridine Derivatives Bearing a 1,3,4‐Oxadiazole Moiety as Potential Insecticide
Authors: Xu Fangzhou , Wang Yanyan , Luo Dexia , Yu Gang , Wu Yikun , Dai Ali , Zhao Yonghui , Wu Jian 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA series of trifluoromethyl pyridine derivatives containing an 1,3,4‐oxadiazole moiety was synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, 19F NMR, 13C NMR, and HR‐MS. The bio‐assay results indicated that some of the synthesized compounds exhibited good insecticidal activity against Mythimna separate and Plutella xylostella. Most of the synthesized compound showed 100% activity against the two pests at 500 mg⋅L−1; in practically, the value of median lethal concentration (LC50) for some title compounds was much lower than that of commercial chlorpyrifos. Preliminary structure‐activity relationship was also discussed.
A Novel Approach to Access Aryl Iodides and Disulfides via Dehydrazination of Arylhydrazines and Arylsulfonylhydrazides
Authors: Balgotra Shilpi , Kumar Verma Praveen , Kour Jaspreet , Gupta Sorav , Vishwakarma Ram A. , Sawant Sanghapal D. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe direct iodination of arylhydrazines was achieved using I2 and KOAc in excellent yields. In addition, disulfides were synthesized from arylsulfonylhydrazides in high yields using same catalytic system. The advantageous feature of the present protocol is the exclusion of transition metal catalyst from the reaction for dehydrazination. A number of labile functionalities remain intact during the reaction.
Nickel Doped Aluminophosphate‐5 as an Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for Imine Synthesis by Direct Condensation of Alcohols and Amines at Room Temperature
Authors: Jin Yangxin , Ke Qingping , Li Dandan , Lei Zhao , Ling Qiang , Xu Jin , Cui Ping 
Published: March 2018

AbstractNi doped hierarchical micro‐mesoporous AlPO‐5 molecule sieve (HP‐NiAlPO‐5) was prepared and evaluated as the heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of imines by direct condensation of amines and easily accessible alcohols. The catalyst exhibits encouraging efficiency with isolated yields up to 95% and turnover frequency (TOF) number up to 10.7 h−1 for a variety of amines and alcohols with varied substrates and properties. The moderate reaction conditions, namely, room temperature of 303 K and air as the oxidant, together with the decent stability and reusability after cycles, make HP‐NiAlPO‐5 a promising alternative for the future large‐scale applications. Characterizations and detailed comparison among catalysts with different compositions revealed that the superiority of HP‐NiAlPO‐5 can be attributed to synergistic effects of the uniform framework of the AlPO‐5 molecular sieve and readily accessibility of highly dispersed Ni nano particles on hierarchical micro‐mesoporous support. It was found that the levels of H2 consumption on several metals during H2 temperature programmed reduction are directly related to their catalytic performances.
Microfluidic Model Porous Media: Fabrication and Applications
Authors: Anbari Alimohammad , Chien Hung‐Ta , Datta Sujit S. , Deng Wen , Weitz David A. , Fan Jing 
Published: March 2018

AbstractComplex fluid flow in porous media is ubiquitous in many natural and industrial processes. Direct visualization of the fluid structure and flow dynamics is critical for understanding and eventually manipulating these processes. However, the opacity of realistic porous media makes such visualization very challenging. Micromodels, microfluidic model porous media systems, have been developed to address this challenge. They provide a transparent interconnected porous network that enables the optical visualization of the complex fluid flow occurring inside at the pore scale. In this Review, the materials and fabrication methods to make micromodels, the main research activities that are conducted with micromodels and their applications in petroleum, geologic, and environmental engineering, as well as in the food and wood industries, are discussed. The potential applications of micromodels in other areas are also discussed and the key issues that should be addressed in the near future are proposed.
Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor Based on Synergistical Innerconnect Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanowires/Wrinkled Graphene Film
Authors: Liu Weijie , Liu Nishuang , Yue Yang , Rao Jiangyu , Cheng Feng , Su Jun , Liu Zhitian , Gao Yihua 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPiezoresistive sensor is a promising pressure sensor due to its attractive advantages including uncomplicated signal collection, simple manufacture, economical and practical characteristics. Here, a flexible and highly sensitive pressure sensor based on wrinkled graphene film (WGF)/innerconnected polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanowires/interdigital electrodes is fabricated. Due to the synergistic effect between WGF and innerconnected PVA nanowires, the as‐prepared pressure sensor realizes a high sensitivity of 28.34 kPa−1. In addition, the device is able to discern lightweight rice about 22.4 mg (≈2.24 Pa) and shows excellent durability and reliability after 6000 repeated loading and unloading cycles. What is more, the device can detect subtle pulse beat and monitor various human movement behaviors in real‐time.
Finely Tuned Composition in Conjugated Polyelectrolytes for Interfacial Engineering of Efficient Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Xiang , Chen Zhiming , Xu Rongguo , Zhang Ruiwen , Hu Zhicheng , Huang Fei , Cao Yong 
Published: March 2018

AbstractConjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) work as highly efficient interface materials in organic optoelectronic devices. A series of CPEs is presented with tunable composition designed to study the evolution of backbones in CPEs and their effects on the properties and photovoltaic performance of the CPEs. The introduction of electron‐withdrawing moieties into the main chains can improve the photostability, doping strength, and electron mobility of these CPEs. These CPEs can work well as cathode interfacial layers and enhance device performance by improving interface contact and inducing interface doping, thus enabling efficient polymer solar cells with power conversion efficiencies greater than 10%. Moreover, CPEs with a greater content of electron‐withdrawing moieties possess greater mobility and can work as thickness‐insensitive cathode interfacial layers, which indicates great potential for application in future large‐scale polymer solar cells.
Load resistance and hysteretic response of rhombic grid hyperboloid‐latticed shell subjected to combined vertical and horizontal loads
Authors: Zhu Bo‐Li , Guo Yan‐Lin , Zhou Peng , Zhang You‐Hao 
Published: March 2018

SummaryA new type of rhombic grid hyperboloid‐latticed shell (RGHLS) being investigated in this study is only formed by major and secondary inclined columns without any circumferential hoop members. This intends to achieve more transparency for architectural effect by neglecting its circumferential hoop members and lateral braces in radial direction of the RGHLS, and meanwhile, the RGHLS is expected to experience a significant strength reduction. This paper numerically investigates the load resistance and hysteretic response of such RGHLS subjected to combined vertical and horizontal loads by adopting finite element method, where multicolumn interaction instability failure mechanism and load‐carrying capacity of the RGHLS are being focused on. It was found that the RGHLS failed by multicolumn interactive instability between the major and secondary columns, with associated in‐plane and out‐of‐plane flexural deformations of the columns. The overall interactive load‐carrying capacity design curve N/Nu‐M/Mu of the RGHLS was proposed based on numerous finite element results. The results indicate that the strength design of the RGHLS with a door opening being adopted in the practical engineering application is reliable and rational with a certain amount of safety margin. At last, hysteretic response of the RGHLS is investigated according to the loading protocol specified in AISC341‐05.
Medial Approach for the Resection of Goiters with Suprahyoid, Retropharyngeal, or Substernal Extension
Authors: Ching Harry H. , Kahane Jacob B. , Foggia Megan J. , Barber Annabel E. , Wang Robert C. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundResection of massive goiters with suprahyoid, retropharyngeal, and substernal extension may not be amenable to standard approaches. This study evaluates a surgical approach allowing resection of massive goiters with minimal substernal and deep neck dissection.MethodsCases of thyroidectomy for goiters with substernal, retropharyngeal, or suprahyoid extension at a single institution from 2006 to 2017 were reviewed. The technique involves initial complete division of the medial thyroid tracheal attachments after identification of the RLN medial‐inferiorly or superiorly. Deep components are then delivered into the superficial paratracheal region of the neck.ResultsSixty patients were included, 46 of which had substernal and 14 had only suprahyoid or retropharyngeal extension. Mean substernal extension was 3.7 cm (range 1.5–7.5 cm). The medial approach was successful in identifying the RLN in 70 (83%) of 84 goiter sides (71% medial‐inferiorly and 29% superiorly). Standard inferior/lateral approaches were used in 12 (14%) nerves or not found until after goiter removal in 2 (2.5%). No patients required sternotomy or tracheotomy. Complications included postoperative seroma/hematoma (n = 9, 15%) with one re‐exploration, transient RLN injury (n = 4, 4% of all lobectomies), transient hypocalcemia (n = 6, 16% of total thyroidectomies), permanent hypocalcemia (n = 2, 5% of total thyroidectomies), and permanent RLN paralysis (n = 1, 1% of all lobectomies).ConclusionLarge suprahyoid, retropharyngeal, and substernal goiters were resected transcervically with low morbidity. Early complete division of Berry’s ligament after medial‐inferior RLN identification was achieved in a high proportion of patients, facilitating goiter delivery with minimal mediastinal and deep neck dissection.
Quantification of gait in children with mitochondrial disease
Authors: Koene Saskia , Stolwijk Niki M. , Ramakers Rob , de Vries Maaike , de Boer Lonneke , Janssen Mirian C. H. , de Groot Imelda , Smeitink Jan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMitochondrial disorders are multisystem conditions that can potentially affect gait in many ways. The aim of this study was to select the optimal protocol to quantify the spatiotemporal parameters of gait in ambulatory children with mitochondrial disorders based on feasibility, test‐retest reliability, and the difference between patients and controls. Gait at self‐selected pace was quantified in ambulatory children with a genetically confirmed primary mitochondrial disease using the GAITRite electronic walkway. Three protocols were tested: pre‐exercise, post‐exercise (after a 3‐min walking test), and recovery. In 14 ambulatory patients, we showed good to perfect reliability for velocity, cadence, step length, step time, step time variability, and step width in the recovery condition. The difference between patients and 70 individually age‐ and gender matched healthy controls only became apparent in the post‐exercise protocol. In conclusion, measuring spatiotemporal parameters of gait using the GAITRite in ambulatory children with mitochondrial disease is feasible and reliable for most of the parameters measured. When using gait analysis in future studies in children with mitochondrial disease, we advise i) to use an exercise test prior to the gait analysis, ii) to let children practice the test before the actual data collection, and iii) not to use symmetry parameters.
Human rights education in social studies in the Netherlands: A case study textbook analysis
Authors: de Kort Frauke 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCitizenship education is one of the main aims of the mandated subject of social studies in secondary schools in the Netherlands. Moreover, the learning outcomes of social studies refer to constitutional rights. Internationally, citizenship education and human rights education are considered to be mutually reinforcing. One may, thus, expect that Dutch school textbooks include elements of human rights education. This article presents the analysis of a popular social studies textbook in the Netherlands, applying a number of human rights education criteria. The study shows that basic information on human rights is lacking, despite ample opportunity to integrate such themes. Most worrisome is the conveyance of potential misinformation about human rights due to the chosen formulation of rights-related issues. This can, in part, be traced back to the textbook authors’ (mis)understanding of human rights.
Turbulent channel flow over an anisotropic porous wall – drag increase and reduction
Authors: Rosti Marco E. , Brandt Luca , Pinelli Alfredo 
Published: March 2018

The effect of the variations of the permeability tensor on the close-to-the-wall behaviour of a turbulent channel flow bounded by porous walls is explored using a set of direct numerical simulations. It is found that the total drag can be either reduced or increased by more than 20 % by adjusting the permeability directional properties. Drag reduction is achieved for the case of materials with permeability in the vertical direction lower than the one in the wall-parallel planes. This configuration limits the wall-normal velocity at the interface while promoting an increase of the tangential slip velocity leading to an almost ‘one-component’ turbulence where the low- and high-speed streak coherence is strongly enhanced. On the other hand, strong drag increase is found when high wall-normal and low wall-parallel permeabilities are prescribed. In this condition, the enhancement of the wall-normal fluctuations due to the reduced wall-blocking effect triggers the onset of structures which are strongly correlated in the spanwise direction, a phenomenon observed by other authors in flows over isotropic porous layers or over ribletted walls with large protrusion heights. The use of anisotropic porous walls for drag reduction is particularly attractive since equal gains can be achieved at different Reynolds numbers by rescaling the magnitude of the permeability only.
Distinct genetic profiles of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis associate with clinical variations in cutaneous-leishmaniasis patients from an endemic area in Brazil
Authors: Quaresma Patrícia Flávia , de Brito Cristiana Ferreira Alves , Rugani Jeronimo Marteleto Nunes , Freire Janaína de Moura , Baptista Rodrigo de Paula , Moreno Elizabeth Castro , Gontijo Raquel Carvalho , Rego Felipe Dutra , Diniz Joaquim Edemilson , Melo Maria Norma , Gontijo Célia Maria Ferreira 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAmerican tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) samples obtained from the lesions of patients with typical (n = 25, 29%), atypical (n = 60, 69%) or both (n = 2%) clinical manifestations were analysed by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, hsp70 restriction-fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), hsp70 sequencing and phylogenetics methods. The hsp70 PCR-RFLP analysis revealed two different profiles whose the most samples differed from those expected for Leishmania braziliensis and the other Leishmania species tested: of 39 samples evaluated, two (5%) had a restriction profile corresponding to L. braziliensis, and 37 (95%) had a restriction profile corresponding to a variant pattern. A 1300-bp hsp70 gene fragment was sequenced to aid in parasite identification and a phylogenetic analysis was performed including 26 consensus sequences from the ATL patient's samples and comparing to other Leishmania and trypanosomatids species. The dendrogram allowed to observe a potential population structure of L. braziliensis complex in the studied region, emphasizing that the majority of clinical samples presented a variant genetic profile. Of interest, the L. braziliensis diversity was associated with different clinical manifestations whose parasites with hsp70 variant profile were associated with atypical lesions. The results may be helpful to improve the diagnosis, treatment and control measures of the ATL in endemic areas.
Nature et dynamique des cités mayas
Authors: Charlotte Arnauld M.- , Michelet Dominique 
Published: March 2018

RésuméDes controverses récentes se sont développées concernant l’urbanisme en Méso-Amérique préhispanique. Elles ont été nourries par la comparaison entre les cités du centre de l’ancien Mexique avec celles des Basses Terres mayas, mais n’ont pris en compte que les plus grandes agglomérations à leur apogée : Teotihuacan et Tenochtitlan, d’un côté, Tikal principalement, de l’autre. Pour progresser dans ce débat, on s’intéressera ici d’abord aux facteurs qui ont conduit au regroupement des populations dans les régions mayas dès le dernier millénaire avant notre ère, ce qui revient à poser la question du pourquoi de la formation d’agglomérations. La deuxième question à traiter est celle des processus par lesquels se sont constituées les cités : par quelles modalités socio-politiques et selon quelles contraintes – agraires notamment – les gens se sont-ils regroupés ? C’est en tenant compte de ces paramètres fondamentaux que l’on peut parvenir à une compréhension des formes et des fonctions urbaines des cités mayas classiques. Quant aux dimensions variables des agglomérations, elles posent le problème du réseau hiérarchisé dans lequel les cités fonctionnaient nécessairement.
Maurice Halbwachs. L’expérience de Chicago (automne 1930)
Authors: Topalov Christian 
Published: March 2018

RésuméInvité à enseigner à l’université de Chicago à l’automne 1930, le sociologue français Maurice Halbwachs rencontra à la fois une vaste métropole nord-américaine et des sociologues qui en avaient fait leur objet d’étude. Il écrivit à son retour, pour les Annales, « Chicago, expérience ethnique », un article savant que nous pouvons éclairer par une riche correspondance avec sa famille et par un récit de voyage qu’il publia anonymement dans le Progrès de Lyon. Cet ensemble documentaire exceptionnel permet d’observer de façon quasiment ethnographique les déplacements de l’observateur dans la ville, tout comme dans les textes et conversations qui lui en proposaient des analyses. Comment le sociologue durkheimien intégra-t-il cette « expérience » d’une ville dont la population était largement faite d’immigrants récents aux multiples origines, dans sa théorie, formée dès la fin des années 1910, de l’intégration problématique du groupe socio-économique ouvrier à l’ensemble urbain ? L’enquête présentée ici permet à la fois d’interroger ce qu’un savant voit au cours d’un voyage lointain et la façon dont les formes de l’expérience de l’homme social s’articulent avec les schèmes analytiques du sociologue.
Les sciences et la construction des identités sexuées. Une revue critique
Authors: Gardey Delphine 
Published: March 2018

RésuméCet article rend compte des travaux en sciences sociales qui se sont intéressés aux sciences et à leur rôle dans la construction des identités sexuées. Il poursuit trois objectifs : introduire à une réflexion sur ce qu’a été dans le passé le savoir sur la différence des sexes et sur ce qui constitue dans différents corpus de connaissances scientifiques le féminin et le masculin, les femmes et les hommes ; repousser au plus loin les frontières communément admises de la naturalité du corps féminin, interroger le « fait » ou le « donné » du sexe – d’autres diraient la matérialité et la discursivité du sexe ; insister sur les façons dont les sciences contemporaines se mêlent et s’emmêlent dans la construction des identités sexuées, en focalisant l’attention sur les travaux qui montrent comment les sciences et les techniques transforment littéralement les corps. Il n’est alors plus seulement question de fabrication des sexes et du genre, mais de redéfinition des frontières et des limites des corps. Au-delà de la contribution historienne à ces réflexions, l’article met en évidence l’affirmation d’un champ de recherche à l’intersection des études de genre et des études sociales des sciences et des techniques qui emprunte à des traditions disciplinaires et méthodologiques et définit de nouveaux objets et de nouvelles manières de faire les sciences sociales.
Le don d’organes : une affaire de famille ?
Authors: Steiner Philippe 
Published: March 2018

RésuméL’article présente l’organisation actuelle du don d’organes post mortem, et la construction sociale dont elle a été l’objet, de manière à mettre en lumière le rôle central qu’y joue la famille. Le don d’organes est ensuite comparé avec les projets de marché d’organes à transplanter. Une similitude forte apparaît entre ces deux dispositifs dont l’un limite ou empêche l’expression des relations sociales (principe de l’anonymat du don), et dont l’autre élimine ces relations au profit d’une relation contractuelle. L’article compare ensuite le dispositif actuel à deux autres qui lui sont proches – les lois de succession et l’assurance décès. Il apparaît ainsi que la famille intervient dans les trois cas pour mettre en contact les valeurs ultimes et la transmission des ressources au moment de la mort. Le dispositif actuel du don d’organes est un don sociétal à un étranger par le truchement des familles, sans que celles-ci, à ce jour, bénéficie d’une forme de retour.
Les Celtes et la formation de l’Empire romain
Authors: Buchsenschutz Olivier 
Published: March 2018

RésuméLa romanisation du monde celtique est un phénomène progressif, étalé dans le temps et dans l’espace. L’archéologie permet de définir aujourd’hui un fonds commun aux cultures continentales et méditerranéennes, puis des emprunts qui sont traduits et intégrés dans l’évolution des cultures nord-alpines, enfin la transformation radicale de ces dernières à partir du IIe siècle avant J.-C., qui ouvre la voie à une culture urbaine. La fusion est réalisable à partir du moment où le système républicain romain des alliances, bousculé par l’ambition des généraux, est remplacé par la politique impériale. Les territoires celtiques septentrionaux sont invités à entrer dans le système, pour peu que les cités acceptent le mode de vie romain et, bientôt, le culte impérial. Les transformations radicales des agglomérations, après une ultime floraison d’oppida, manifestent concrètement cette adhésion. A` travers quelques exemples, on voit que les transformations internes du monde celtique au IIe siècle avant J.-C. ouvraient la voie à une fusion, et que l’idéologie impériale, en Gaule comme dans d’autres provinces plus proches culturellement de l’Italie, la rendaient politiquement possible.
Révolution et évolution Les marchés du crédit notarié en France, 1780-1840
Authors: T. Hoffman Philip , Postel-Vinay Gilles , Rosenthal Jean-Laurent 
Published: March 2018

RésuméCet article cherche à comprendre comment se créent (ou se détruisent) les techniques de savoir des marchés du crédit ainsi que les institutions auxquelles s’adosse ce capital social essentiel à leur fonctionnement. Il examine soixante-sept marchés locaux répartis dans toute la France en saisissant leur évolution à partir de trois coupes situées de part et d’autre de ce choc majeur qu’est la Révolution pour pouvoir en suivre les effets. Le crédit se réorganise alors non dans le cadre de petites régions ni dans un espace national unifié, mais plutôt en deux grands ensembles – l’un au Nord, l’autre au Sud – où des pratiques du crédit distinctes évoluent séparément. Comme chacun d’eux, loin d’être homogène, se hiérarchise entre ville et campagnes, il en résulte quatre systèmes qui se repèrent aussi bien si l’on observe les instruments de crédit, les intermédiaires ou les circuits de formation que ces derniers se donnent. Pour expliquer cette diversité, il faut accepter que les institutions formelles et informelles se déploient dans l’espace d’une façon qui dépend de l’activité des marchés mais aussi de l’inégale répartition de la richesse.