bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimorbidity among middle‐aged and older persons in urban China: Prevalence, characteristics and health service utilization
Authors: Chen He , Cheng Mengling , Zhuang Yu , Broad Joanna B 
Published: September 2018

AimThe knowledge on multimorbidity and its impact on healthcare systems is lacking in low‐ and middle‐income countries. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of multimorbidity, and analyze the health service use of middle‐aged and older persons with multimorbidity in urban China.MethodsStudy participants included 3737 urban residents aged ≥45 years from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study 2011. A total of 16 pre‐specified self‐reported chronic conditions were used to measure multimorbidity, which was defined as having two or more conditions. Logistic regression was used to analyze the characteristics and health service use of persons with multimorbidity. Analyses were weighted to adjust for sampling design and non‐response.ResultsOf the study population, 51.9% were men and 20.1% were aged >70 years. Hypertension (33.1%) was the most prevalent condition, followed by arthritis (25.4%), digestive disease (18.7%), dyslipidemia (18.3%) and heart disease (17.7%). The prevalence of multimorbidity was 45.5% (95% CI 41.4–49.7%). Multivariate analyses showed that the prevalence of multimorbidity was significantly higher in respondents who are older and socioeconomically disadvantaged than that in their counterparts. Multimorbid patients used 72.7% of outpatient services and 77.3% of inpatient services. After controlling for demographic, socioeconomic, health behavior and health insurance factors, condition counts still had a positive relationship with outpatient or inpatient service use.ConclusionsThe burden of multimorbidity is high among the middle‐aged and older urban Chinese population. Management of multimorbidity therefore deserves more attention from health policymakers, providers and educators of health professionals in China and in other low‐ and middle‐income countries. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 1447–1452.
Cyberbullying, revenge porn and the mid‐sized university: Victim characteristics, prevalence and students' knowledge of university policy and reporting procedures
Authors: O'Connor Kimberly , Drouin Michelle , Davis Jedidiah , Thompson Hannah 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this study, we provide a snapshot of cyber abuse behaviours among students at a single, mid‐sized public commuter university in the United States. The goal of this study is to provide helpful information that can guide universities when creating cyber‐civility policies, information that is currently lacking in Higher Education. We examine recent university cases and relevant laws related to cyberbullying and revenge porn, survey student characteristics that are associated with this type of victimisation and make suggestions for language universities should consider when drafting their cyber abuse policies. Finally, we address the role of the university in protecting potential victims, training students on policies and reporting procedures, and intervening in incidents related to these types of cyber abuse.
1. PRÉCIS IMAGES OF HISTORY: KANT, BENJAMIN, FREEDOM, AND THE HUMAN SUBJECT
Authors: ELDRIDGE RICHARD 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTMy fundamental motivation in writing Images of History was to avoid some forms of hubris and despair that trouble contemporary philosophy and to develop instead a picture of human life in historical time. According to this picture, we live amid institutional and practical inheritances we can address but can never fully stabilize and perfect. In different ways, Kant and Benjamin each accept this thought, and they each develop a picture of philosophy as historically situated, open criticism of existing practices and institutions. Each emphasizes the priority of the practical over any fixed metaphysical‐theoretical stance. I survey each of their general theories of critical historical understanding, and I pay special attention to the texts in which they each provide detailed, specific accounts of Western social‐historical development or circumstances: Kant's Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason and Benjamin's One‐Way Street. Where Kant's philosophical criticism is reformist, liberal, and casually dismissive of non‐Christian religion, Benjamin's is modernist, erotic, and improvisatory. Their respective images of history according to which we achieve orientation are both complementary and fundamentally opposed—not readily combinable into a consistent whole. Drawing on the work of Jonathan Lear, I end with a picture of maturity and practical self‐unity as centrally a matter of developing the skill of modulated alternation between these two orientation‐affording images.
3. NATURE, RELIGION, AND IMAGINATION: COMMENTS ON IMAGES OF HISTORY
Authors: CLEWIS ROBERT R. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTAfter sharing some reflections, I raise three questions. The first asks about the role of nature and reason according to Kant's teleological history, and the extent to which Kant's essays written before the Critique of the Power of Judgment (1790) are “dogmatic,” as his phrase “aim of nature” might suggest. The second asks about Kant's “impure” ethics and the role of religion. What would Kantian religion look like today? The last question concerns the relation between images and ideas—a thornier issue than Kant's initial definitions of imagination and reason would seem to suggest.
WRITING THE NATION INTO HISTORY
Authors: Eley Geoff 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTThis article considers the fruits of an elaborate multi‐year European Science Foundation (ESF)‐sponsored research project on the reciprocal dynamics joining nineteenth‐ and twentieth‐century historiography to the varying trajectories of European state‐formation. It reads the culminating volume in the eight‐book series sponsored by this ESF project against the wider associated discussions and the larger context of the contemporary historiography of nationalism. It seeks to draw out the defining features of the approach involved (conceptually, methodologically, intellectually, politically), while pointing to a number of the entailments and lacunae. In particular, it considers some of the attenuations and omissions resulting from the adoption of an overly institutional and “top‐down” approach to the chosen thematic of “nation and narration.”
Technological behavior of porcelain stoneware bodies with Egyptian syenites
Authors: Zanelli Chiara , Soldati Roberto , Conte Sonia , Guarini Guia , Ismail Ali I. M. , El‐Maghraby Mohammed S. , Cazzaniga Alberto , Dondi Michele 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe progressive depletion of the main feldspathic flux deposits in the World is forcing the ceramic industry to search for suitable substitutes. The aim of this study is to assess the potential of some feldspar sources in the Egyptian Eastern Desert, particularly syenites from Abu Khruq, in the manufacture of ceramic tiles. Beneficiated samples obtained by laboratory‐scale mineral processing were tested into porcelain stoneware batches (from 10% to 30% wt in replacement of feldspars) and compared with a reference body through a laboratory reproduction of the industrial processing. The technological behavior of unfired tiles does not suffer any significant alteration due to the use of syenites. On the other hand, syenite‐bearing bodies exhibit some changes in the phase composition and the chemistry of the melt, that turns richer in alkali, especially K2O. The consequently increased sintering rate depends mainly on the viscosity of the liquid phase formed during firing. In conclusion, syenites can be used without technological hindrances to manufacture porcelain stoneware tiles. The firing behavior of syenite‐bearing batches can be reasonably adjusted by setting key parameters (eg, the feldspar amount and the Na/K ratio), but the darker color of fired bodies requires to further lower the iron oxide.
Human erythrocyte antigens in Brazilian Capuchin monkeys (Sapajus sp.)
Authors: Resende Lucilene Silva Ruiz e , da Silva Adaize Pereira , Garcia Patrícia Carvalho , de Oliveira Francisco Szneczuk , Bueno Lais Melício Cintra , Secco Valéria Nogueira Dias Paes , Zanini José Mauro , Rahal Sheila Canevese , Teixeira Carlos Roberto 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundInvestigation of erythrocyte antigens in New World monkeys, especially in the Brazilian ones, is scant and incomplete.MethodsDetermining the presence of 29 erythrocyte antigens from 11 human blood group systems (ABO, H, Rh, Kell, Duffy, Kidd, Lewis, P, MNS, Lutheran and Diego) on erythrocytes in nine Capuchin monkeys (Sapajus sp.).ResultsA majority (20 of 29) of human erythrocyte antigens were not found in this monkey genus. Erythrocyte phenotyping was very similar within this animal group, as five Capuchin monkeys differed from the other four in the ABO system only.ConclusionThe erythrocyte phenotype for this group of animals is less diversified than in humans. Some monkey erythrocyte antigens were similar in frequency, whereas others were different from those observed in human ethnicities.
Does low‐dose aspirin improve pregnancy rate in women undergoing frozen‐thawed embryo transfer cycle? A pilot double‐blind, randomized placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Madani Tahereh , Ahmadi Firoozeh , Jahangiri Nadia , Bahmanabadi Akram , Bagheri Lankarani Narges 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effect of adjuvant low‐dose aspirin therapy on clinical pregnancy rate and uterine perfusion in women undergoing frozen‐thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles.MethodsThis study was performed as a pilot randomized, double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial, from May 2012 to February 2015. Overall, 60 available eligible women who were candidates for FET were randomly assigned to two groups receiving either 100 mg oral aspirin (n =30) or placebo (n =30). The primary outcome measure was clinical pregnancy rate. Secondary outcome measures were pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI), implantation rate, live birth rate and miscarriage rate.ResultsThere was no significant difference in endometrial thickness, PI and RI. However, the study group had higher rates of clinical pregnancy, implantation, live birth (P = 0.042, P = 0.031 and P = 0.007, respectively) and lower rate of miscarriage (P = 0.020) as compared to the control group. Twin birth rate was comparable between the two groups.ConclusionOur pilot study demonstrated that administration of low‐dose aspirin in FET cycles results in better pregnancy, implantation and live birth rates without changing the uterine hemodynamics or endometrial thickness. However, further randomized clinical studies in larger populations are needed to confirm these findings.
Impact of dose and duration of corticosteroid on the risk of hepatitis flare in patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Wong Grace Lai‐Hung , Yuen Becky Wing‐Yan , Chan Henry Lik‐Yuen , Tse Yee‐Kit , Yip Terry Cheuk‐Fung , Lam Kelvin Long‐Yan , Lui Grace Chung‐Yan , Wong Vincent Wai‐Sun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundSystemic corticosteroid is used for different medical conditions and may cause hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation.AimsTo study the impact of duration and peak dose of corticosteroid on the risk of hepatitis flare in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB).MethodsAll patients who received corticosteroid from January 2001 to December 2004 were retrieved from the Hospital Authority, Hong Kong. We stratified patients by daily dose prednisolone equivalents (<20 mg, 20‐40 mg, >40 mg) and durations (<7; 7‐28; >28 days). The primary endpoint was hepatitis flare (alanine aminotransferase >2×upper limit of normal, ie 80 IU/L) at 1 year.ResultsA total of 85 763 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria (5254 CHB, 80 509 non‐CHB). CHB patients had higher risk of hepatitis flare (388/5254 [7.8%]) than those without CHB (2728/80 509 [4.2%]; P < 0.001 by log‐rank test). Among CHB patients, peak daily dose >40 mg compared to <20 mg prednisolone equivalents (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.64, 95% CI 1.26‐2.14; P < 0.001) was an independent risk factor of hepatitis flare. Risk of hepatitis flare started to increase in those receiving corticosteroid of peak daily dose >40 mg prednisolone equivalents even for <7 days (aHR 1.55, P = 0.026), which was also increased for 7‐28 days and >28 days (aHR 1.90 and 1.64 respectively, both P < 0.001).ConclusionEven short courses of high‐dose corticosteroid increase the risk of hepatitis flare in CHB patients. Patients receiving high‐dose corticosteroid should be considered for antiviral prophylaxis regardless of the duration of treatment.
Parental non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease increases risk of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in offspring
Authors: Long Michelle T. , Gurary Ellen B. , Massaro Joseph M. , Ma Jiantao , Hoffmann Udo , Chung Raymond T. , Benjamin Emelia J. , Loomba Rohit 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackground & AimsLittle is known regarding the risk of hepatic steatosis (HS) among adult children of affected parents. We examined the association between parental and offspring HS in the multigenerational Framingham Heart Study, which characterized HS using computed tomography.MethodsWe performed multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, alcohol use, and body mass index to generate the odds of HS according to parental HS. We determined the proportion of participants with HS according to parental HS and the presence or absence of hypertension, diabetes, or obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). After excluding heavy alcohol use (n = 126) and missing covariates (n = 1), 785 offspring with at least one parent were included.ResultsApproximately 23% (183/785) had at least one parent with HS and 1.1% had two affected parents (9/785). In adjusted models, participants with at least one parent with HS had a nearly two‐fold increased odds of HS compared to participants without a parental history of HS (OR 1.86, 95% confidence interval 1.15‐3.03). Among participants without hypertension, diabetes, or obesity, a higher proportion had HS if they had a parental history of HS compared to those without (16.1% vs 5.2%, P < 0.001). However, for participants with cardiometabolic risk factors, we did not observe a difference in HS among those with and without parental HS (30.3% vs 28.5%, P = 0.78).ConclusionsIndividuals with a parental history of HS are at increased risk for HS. Specifically, a parental history of HS may be an important factor among those that are otherwise metabolically healthy.
P57‐mediated autophagy promotes the efficacy of EGFR inhibitors in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Li Wen‐Yuan , Li Qing , Jing Li , Wu Tao , Han Li‐Li , Wang Yu , Yu Si‐Zhe , Nan Ke‐Jun , Guo Hui 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackground & AimsResistance to EGFR‐targeted therapy is a major obstacle in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment, but its underlying mechanism remains unclear. Autophagy plays a vital role in antitumour treatment. Our previous study suggested that p57 is associated with autophagy and cisplatin resistance. The present study aimed to investigate whether p57 can enhance the sensitivity of HCC cells to Erlotinib (Er)/Cetuximab(C‐225) and further explore the potential mechanisms of Er/C‐225 resistance.MethodsHCC cells were transfected with pIRES2‐EGFP‐p57 and pIRES2‐EGFP‐nc, accompanied by Er/C‐225 treatment. Cell viability was detected by an Annexin apoptosis kit and MTT assay. Xenograft experiments were performed to study the function of p57 in the treatment of Er/C‐225 in vivo. The level of autophagy was determined by analysis of the appearance of autophagic vacuoles. Western blotting was used to investigate the potential pathways involved.ResultsUp‐regulation of p57 decreased the level of Er/C‐225‐induced autophagy and enhanced the decrease in Er/C‐225‐induced cell viability. P57 overexpression combined with CQ treatment further enhanced the therapeutic efficiency of Er/C‐225. The xenograft experiment verified that p57 up‐regulation sensitizes HCC cells to Er/C‐225. Moreover, a mechanistic investigation demonstrated that the up‐regulation of p57 resulted in a decrease of LC3B‐II and beclin‐1, and an increase in p‐PI3K, p‐AKT and p‐mTOR protein expressions.ConclusionsThrough activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway, p57 can reverse Er/C‐225‐induced autophagy, and thereby increase the therapeutic efficiency of Er/C‐225 treatment. Given these results, p57 up‐regulation may be applicable as a therapeutic strategy to improve EGFR‐targeted therapy in HCC.
Modified redox signaling in vasculature after chronic infusion of the insulin receptor antagonist, S961
Authors: Bubb Kristen J. , Ritchie Rebecca H. , Figtree Gemma A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundType 2 diabetes and associated vascular complications cause substantial morbidity and mortality. It is important to investigate mechanisms and test therapies in relevant physiological models, yet few animal models adequately recapitulate all aspects of the human condition.ObjectiveWe sought to determine the potential of using an insulin receptor antagonist, S961, in mice for investigating vascular pathophysiology.MethodsS961 was infused into mice for 4 weeks. Blood glucose was monitored, and insulin was measured at the end of the protocol. Blood pressure and pressor responses to vasodilators were measured in cannulated mice, and vascular reactive oxygen and nitrogen species were measured in isolated tissue.ResultsS961 infusion‐induced hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. There was evidence of increased vascular reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and modification of NO‐mediated signaling. Pressor responses to a NO donor were attenuated, but responses to bradykinin were preserved.ConclusionsInfusion of S961, an insulin receptor antagonist, results in the production of a mouse model of type 2 diabetes that may be useful for investigating redox signaling in the vasculature of insulin‐resistant mice over the short term. It is limited by both the transient nature of the hyperglycemia and incomplete functional analogy to the human condition.
Linking Tolerance to Workplace Incivility, Service Innovative, Knowledge Hiding, and Job Search Behavior: The Mediating Role of Employee Cynicism
Authors: Aljawarneh Nader Mohammad Saleh , Atan Tarik 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAlthough incivility has been identified as an important issue in workplaces, little research has focused on tolerance to workplace incivility. Drawing on conservation of resources and psychological ownership theory, this article investigates the mediating role of employee cynicism on the relationship between tolerance to workplace incivility and outcome variables (i.e., service innovative behavior, knowledge hiding behavior, and job search behavior) in the hospitality industry. Structural equation modeling and artificial neural network were applied on survey data obtained from five‐star hotels in Jordan. Building on the proposed theories, we show that employee cynicism mediates the link between tolerance to workplace incivility and knowledge hiding behavior, and job search behavior. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Placement replacement: A conceptual framework for designing simulated clinical placement in occupational therapy
Authors: Chu Eli Mang Yee , Sheppard Loretta , Guinea Stephen , Imms Christine 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSimulation is increasingly used to supplement clinical placement in preregistration health professional programs. However, there are no conceptual frameworks to guide the design of these learning experiences when replacing a clinical placement. In the present study, the conceptual framework for simulated clinical placements (CF‐SCP) is presented. Evolving from an iterative process of synthesizing learning and simulation theory, findings from the empirical literature, and the perspectives and ideas from experts in occupational therapy practice, education and simulation‐based learning, the CF‐SCP aligns principles and processes of workplace and simulation learning. The application of the CF‐SCP is described in the context of a 1 week full‐time SCP. The CF‐SCP provides a structure for organizing, understanding, and applying the principles and processes to design a simulated placement to be a “placement replacement” experience. Articulating a conceptual framework for the design of simulated placement experiences to replace actual clinical placement hours in the allied health sector is important if these experiences are to be tested for validity, efficacy, and transferability to a range of occupational therapy practice areas and other health disciplines.
Functional neuromuscular impairment in severe intestinal dysmotility
Authors: Gallego Diana , Malagelada Carolina , Accarino Anna , Gori Alessandra , Malagelada Juan Ramón , Azpiroz Fernando , De Giorgio Roberto , Jimenez Marcel 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundChronic intestinal pseudo‐obstruction (CIPO) and enteric dysmotility (ED) are severe intestinal motility disorders usually associated with underlying neuromuscular abnormalities.ObjectiveTo evaluate the in vitro neuromuscular function of patients with severe intestinal motility disorders.MethodsFull‐thickness intestinal biopsies (16 jejunum and 3 ileum) obtained from patients with CIPO (n = 10) and ED (n = 9) were studied using muscle bath and microelectrode techniques. Control samples (n = 6 ileum and n = 6 jejunum) were used to establish the range of normality.Key ResultsFourteen parameters were defined to assess muscle contractility and nerve‐muscle interaction: five to evaluate smooth muscle and interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) and nine to evaluate inhibitory neuromuscular transmission. For each sample, a parameter was scored 0 if the value was inside the normal range or a value of 1 if it was outside. Patients’ samples (CIPO/ED) had more abnormal parameters than controls (P < 0.001 for both jejunum and ileum). Functional abnormalities were found to be heterogeneous. The most prevalent abnormality was a decreased purinergic neuromuscular transmission, which was detected in 43.8% of jejunal samples.Conclusions and InferencesAbnormalities of neuromuscular intestinal function are detected in vitro in severe intestinal dysmotility. However, consistent with the heterogeneity of the disease pathophysiology, functional impairment cannot be attributed to a single mechanism. Specifically, defects of purinergic neuromuscular transmission may have an important role in motility disorders of the gastrointestinal tract.