bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paneth Cell Dysfunction Mediates Alcohol‐related Steatohepatitis Through Promoting Bacterial Translocation in Mice: Role of Zinc Deficiency
Authors: Zhong Wei , Wei Xiaoyuan , Hao Liuyi , Lin Tai‐Du , Yue Ruichao , Sun Xinguo , Guo Wei , Dong Haibo , Li Tianjiao , Ahmadi Ali R. , Sun Zhaoli , Zhang Qibin , Zhao Jiangchao , Zhou Zhanxiang 
Published: September 2019

Background and Aims
Microbial dysbiosis is associated with alcohol‐related hepatitis (AH), with the mechanisms yet to be elucidated. The present study aimed to determine the effects of alcohol and zinc deficiency on Paneth cell (PC) antimicrobial peptides, α‐defensins, and to define the link between PC dysfunction and AH.

Approach and Results
Translocation of pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) was determined in patients with severe AH and in a mouse model of alcoholic steatohepatitis. Microbial composition and PC function were examined in mice. The link between α‐defensin dysfunction and AH was investigated in α‐defensin‐deficient mice. Synthetic human α‐defensin 5 (HD5) was orally given to alcohol‐fed mice to test the therapeutic potential. The role of zinc deficiency in α‐defensin was evaluated in acute and chronic mouse models of zinc deprivation. Hepatic inflammation was associated with PAMP translocation and lipocalin‐2 (LCN2) and chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) elevation in patients with AH. Antibiotic treatment, lipopolysaccharide injection to mice, and in vitro experiments showed that PAMPs, but not alcohol, directly induced LCN2 and CXCL1. Chronic alcohol feeding caused systemic dysbiosis and PC α‐defensin reduction in mice. Knockout of functional α‐defensins synergistically affected alcohol‐perturbed bacterial composition and the gut barrier and exaggerated PAMP translocation and liver damage. Administration of HD5 effectively altered cecal microbial composition, especially increased Akkermansia muciniphila, and reversed the alcohol‐induced deleterious effects. Zinc‐regulated PC homeostasis and α‐defensins function at multiple levels, and dietary zinc deficiency exaggerated the deleterious effect of alcohol on PC bactericidal activity.

Conclusions
Taken together, the study suggests that alcohol‐induced PC α‐defensin dysfunction is mediated by zinc deficiency and involved in the pathogenesis of AH. HD5 administration may represent a promising therapeutic approach for treating AH.
Engineered Anti‐GPC3 Immunotoxin, HN3‐ABD‐T20, Produces Regression in Mouse Liver Cancer Xenografts Through Prolonged Serum Retention
Authors: Fleming Bryan D. , Urban Daniel J. , Hall Matthew D. , Longerich Thomas , Greten Tim F. , Pastan Ira , Ho Mitchell 
Published: September 2019

Background and Aims
Treatment of hepatocellular carcinomas using our glypican‐3 (GPC3)‐targeting human nanobody (HN3) immunotoxins causes potent tumor regression by blocking protein synthesis and down‐regulating the Wnt signaling pathway. However, immunogenicity and a short serum half‐life may limit the ability of immunotoxins to transition to the clinic.

Approach and Results
To address these concerns, we engineered HN3‐based immunotoxins to contain various deimmunized Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE) domains. This included HN3‐T20, which was modified to remove T‐cell epitopes and contains a PE domain II truncation. We compared them to our previously reported B‐cell deimmunized immunotoxin (HN3‐mPE24) and our original HN3‐immunotoxin with a wild‐type PE domain (HN3‐PE38). All of our immunotoxins displayed high affinity to human GPC3, with HN3‐T20 having a KD value of 7.4 nM. HN3‐T20 retained 73% enzymatic activity when compared with the wild‐type immunotoxin in an adenosine diphosphate–ribosylation assay. Interestingly, a real‐time cell growth inhibition assay demonstrated that a single dose of HN3‐T20 at 62.5 ng/mL (1.6 nM) was capable of inhibiting nearly all cell proliferation during the 10‐day experiment. To enhance HN3‐T20’s serum retention, we tested the effect of adding a streptococcal albumin‐binding domain (ABD) and a llama single‐domain antibody fragment specific for mouse and human serum albumin. For the detection of immunotoxin in mouse serum, we developed a highly sensitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and found that HN3‐ABD‐T20 had a 45‐fold higher serum half‐life than HN3‐T20 (326 minutes vs. 7.3 minutes); consequently, addition of an ABD resulted in HN3‐ABD‐T20–mediated tumor regression at 1 mg/kg.

Conclusion
These data indicate that ABD‐containing deimmunized HN3‐T20 immunotoxins are high‐potency therapeutics ready to be evaluated in clinical trials for the treatment of liver cancer.
Automated detection of calcified plaque using higher‐order spectra cumulant technique in computer tomography angiography images
Authors: Acharya U Rajendra , Meiburger Kristen M. , Koh Joel E. W. , Ciaccio Edward J. , Vicnesh Jahmunah , Tan Sock K. , Wong Jeannie H. D. , Aman Raja R. A. R. , Ng Kwan H. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCardiovascular disease continues to be the leading cause of death globally. Often, it stems from atherosclerosis, which can trigger substantial variations in the coronary arteries, possibly causing coronary artery disease (CAD). Coronary artery calcification is known to be a strong and independent forecaster of CAD. Hence, coronary computer tomography angiography (CTA) has become a fundamental noninvasive imaging tool to characterize coronary artery plaques. In this article, an automated algorithm is presented to uncover the presence of a calcified plaque, using 2060 CTA images acquired from 60 patients. Higher‐order spectra cumulants were extracted from each image, thereby providing 2448 descriptive features per image. The features were then reduced using numerous well‐established techniques, and ranked according to t value. Subsequently, the reduced features were input to several classifiers to achieve the best diagnostic accuracy with a minimum number of features. Optimal results were obtained using the support vector machine with a radial basis function, having 22 features obtained with the multiple factor analysis feature reduction algorithm. The accuracy, positive predictive value, sensitivity, and specificity obtained were 95.83%, 97.05%, 94.54%, and 97.13%, respectively. Based on these results, the technique could be useful to automatically and accurately identify calcified plaque evident in CTA images, and may therefore become an important tool to help reduce procedural costs and patient radiation dose.
Diffusion MRI of the breast: Current status and future directions
Authors: Iima Mami , Honda Maya , Sigmund Eric E. , Ohno Kishimoto Ayami , Kataoka Masako , Togashi Kaori 
Published: September 2019

Diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) is increasingly being incorporated into routine breast MRI protocols in many institutions worldwide, and there are abundant breast DWI indications ranging from lesion detection and distinguishing malignant from benign tumors to assessing prognostic biomarkers of breast cancer and predicting treatment response. DWI has the potential to serve as a noncontrast MR screening method. Beyond apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) mapping, which is a commonly used quantitative DWI measure, advanced DWI models such as intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM), non‐Gaussian diffusion MRI, and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) are extensively exploited in this field, allowing the characterization of tissue perfusion and architecture and improving diagnostic accuracy without the use of contrast agents. This review will give a summary of the clinical literature along with future directions.Level of Evidence: 5Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:70–90.
Tutorial and comprehensive computational study of acceptance and transmission of sinusoidal and digital ion guides
Authors: Huntley Adam P. , Brabeck Gregory F. , Reilly Peter T.A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA quadrupoles acceptance is a measure of its ability to catch ions with certain trajectories. One way to calculate acceptance is the method of ellipses. The method arose partly from a simplification that trajectories could be calculated for an electrode axis independently of others. It has been used to calculate the acceptance and transmission of sine‐driven quadrupole mass filters for over 50 years. Although the method is straightforward, it is generally described with little detail or presented as a confusing string of equations. As such, it may not be decipherable by all practitioners. For this reason, the first half of this paper presents a practical explanation of the method of ellipses and the concepts that make it work. Only equations necessary to describe the method are introduced. The tutorial also prepares the reader for the second half, which presents an alternative approach for calculating acceptance based on an array of initial trajectories. The alternative approach is used to compare the acceptance of simplified sinusoidal and digital ion guides. The method of ellipses was applied to validate results of the new approach for calculation of acceptance.
MicroRNA Profiling Reveals Distinct Signatures in Degenerative Rotator Cuff Pathologies
Authors: Plachel Fabian , Heuberer Philipp , Gehwolf Renate , Frank Julia , Tempfer Herbert , Lehner Christine , Weissenbacher Nadja , Wagner Andrea , Weigl Moritz , Moroder Philipp , Hackl Matthias , Traweger Andreas 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTMicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key regulators orchestrating a wide range of inflammatory and fibrotic diseases. However, the role of miRNAs in degenerative shoulder joint disorders is poorly understood. The aim of this explorative case‐control study was to identify pathology‐related, circulating miRNAs in patients with chronic rotator cuff tendinopathy and degenerative rotator cuff tears (RCT). In 2017, 15 patients were prospectively enrolled and assigned to three groups based on the diagnosed pathology: (i) no shoulder pathology, (ii) chronic rotator cuff tendinopathy, and (iii) degenerative RCTs. In total, 14 patients were included. Venous blood samples (“liquid biopsies”) were collected from each patient and serum levels of 187 miRNAs were determined. Subsequently, the change in expression of nine candidate miRNAs was verified in tendon biopsy samples, collected from patients who underwent arthroscopic shoulder surgery between 2015 and 2018. Overall, we identified several miRNAs to be progressively deregulated in sera from patients with either chronic rotator cuff tendinopathy or degenerative RCTs. Importantly, for the several of these miRNAs candidates repression was also evident in tendon biopsies harvested from patients who were treated for a supraspinatus tendon tear. As similar expression profiles were determined for tendon samples, the newly identified systemic miRNA signature has potential as novel diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers for degenerative rotator cuff pathologies. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research® published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society. Inc. J Orthop Res 38:202–211, 2020
Results of the ADHERE upper airway stimulation registry and predictors of therapy efficacy
Authors: Thaler Erica , Schwab Richard , Maurer Joachim , Soose Ryan , Larsen Christopher , Stevens Suzanne , Stevens Damien , Boon Maurits , Huntley Colin , Doghramji Karl , Waters Tina , Kominsky Alan , Steffen Armin , Kezirian Eric , Hofauer Benedikt , Sommer Ulrich , Withrow Kirk , Strohl Kingman , Heiser Clemens 
Published: September 2019

Objective/HypothesisThe ADHERE Registry is a multicenter prospective observational study following outcomes of upper airway stimulation (UAS) therapy in patients who have failed continuous positive airway pressure therapy for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The aim of this registry and purpose of this article were to examine the outcomes of patients receiving UAS for treatment of OSA.Study DesignCohort Study.MethodsDemographic and sleep study data collection occurred at baseline, implantation visit, post‐titration (6 months), and final visit (12 months). Patient and physician reported outcomes were also collected. Post hoc univariate and multivariate analysis was used to identify predictors of therapy response, defined as ≥50% decrease in Apnea‐Hypopnea Index (AHI) and AHI ≤20 at the 12‐month visit.ResultsThe registry has enrolled 1,017 patients from October 2016 through February 2019. Thus far, 640 patients have completed their 6‐month follow‐up and 382 have completed the 12‐month follow‐up. After 12 months, median AHI was reduced from 32.8 (interquartile range [IQR], 23.6–45.0) to 9.5 (IQR, 4.0–18.5); mean, 35.8 ± 15.4 to 14.2 ± 15.0, P < .0001. Epworth Sleepiness Scale was similarly improved from 11.0 (IQR, 7–16) to 7.0 (IQR, 4–11); mean, 11.4 ± 5.6 to 7.2 ± 4.8, P < .0001. Therapy usage was 5.6 ± 2.1 hours per night after 12 months. In a multivariate model, only female sex and lower baseline body mass index remained as significant predictors of therapy response.ConclusionsAcross a multi‐institutional study, UAS therapy continues to show significant improvement in subjective and objective OSA outcomes. This analysis shows that the therapy effect is durable and adherence is high.Level of Evidence2Laryngoscope, 130:1333–1338, 2020
Theoretical design of eight‐band linear‐to‐circular converter in reflection and transmission modes based on self‐complementary metasurfaces
Authors: Zhang Xiangjun , Li Sijie 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMultiband linear‐to‐circular (LTC) metamaterial converters have promising applications in modern optical system. However, it is challenging to design a converter with conversion bands of more than four and the axial ratio of less than 3 dB due to the coupling interaction of different resonant structures in a unit cell. In this article, we demonstrate a broad class of self‐complementary THz infinite thin metasurfaces composed of supercells of fractal metal rectangular patches and holes dimers of spanning 1 THz octave in bandwidth, while still being highly efficient. The advantages of this converter are as follows. The device is theoretically nonthickness; the LTC polarization conversion can be achieved in both the reflected and transmitted fields; the phase difference between two orthogonal linear polarization components is theoretically 90° in any frequency. Therefore, an eight‐band LTC converter is achieved in reflection and transmission modes. This new nonthickness multiband device will demonstrate a major advance toward an LTC synthetic metasurface in the THz band.
Integrated filtering duplex patch antenna with small frequency ratio and high isolation
Authors: Lin Xian‐Jing , Zhang Yao , Xie Ze‐Ming 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAn integrated filtering duplex antenna with small frequency ratio and high isolation is proposed in this article. First, a small transmitter‐receiver frequency ratio of stacked patch antenna is realized by soldering short circuit chips to the driven patch. Then, the asymmetric transmission zero technology is employed in the sets of dual‐mode resonators to realize high port‐to‐port isolation. Moreover, the ports coupling mode of the dual‐mode resonator is changed to achieve further Tx‐Rx isolation. For demonstration, the proposed antenna is fabricated and experimentally characterized in WCDMA band. The measured results show that it can mainly operate over the uplink and downlink operation band of WCDMA with an isolation level better than 32 dB, and the frequency interval (Δf = (f
r − f
t)) is only 0.09 times of the central frequency ((f
r + f
t)/2).
Adaptive large neighborhood search for the vehicle routing problem with synchronization constraints at the delivery location
Authors: Sarasola Briseida , Doerner Karl F. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA vehicle routing problem with synchronization constraints arises in urban freight transportation, in which context customers require deliveries from one or more logistics service providers. These deliveries should be efficient to reduce idle times at the delivery locations. Idle time is defined as nonservice time between the first and the last delivery received by the customer. We propose a strategy which relies on self‐imposed time windows, and we compare our approach with an exact determination of a feasible schedule and fixed time windows. The results show that idle times can be reduced by 54.12%‐79.77%, with an average cost rise of 9.87%. In addition, self‐imposed time windows provide solutions with 15.74%‐21.43% lower costs than feasibility checks for short runtimes and 13.71%‐21.15% lower than fixed time windows.
A novel strategy to reinforce glass fiber fabric/epoxy composites via modifying fibers with self‐assembled multi‐walled carbon nanotubes‐montmorillonite
Authors: Zeng Shaohua , Shen Mingxia , Xue Yijiao , Niu Chenxu , Zheng Yifei , Han Yanxin , Tao Wenzhu , Yang Lu 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA novel strategy of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes‐montmorillonite (MWCNTs‐Mt)‐modified glass fiber fabrics (GFf) was used here to reinforce interlaminar regions of epoxy composites. One/two‐dimensional MWCNTs‐Mt hybrids with different mass ratios of MWCNTs and Mt were combined with the GFf, respectively, prior to a resin injection process. Making use of this strategy, uniformly dispersed MWCNTs and highly exfoliated Mt at the fiber/matrix interface could be achieved; meanwhile, mechanical and interfacial properties of resultant composites were greatly enhanced. Under a mass ratio of MWCNTs:Mt (0.2:1), the interlaminar shear, tensile, and flexural strengths of resultant composites were improved by 31.0%, 26.0%, and 21.9%, respectively; the storage modulus increased by 23.6%, compared with the composite without MWCNTs‐Mt. Also, the work of fracture obtained from interlaminar load‐displacement curves and peak loss moduli of resultant composites were significantly enhanced, indicating the synergistic toughening effect of MWCNTs and Mt.
Facile synthesis of graft copolymers containing rigid poly(dialkyl fumarate) branches by macromonomer method
Authors: Sato Eriko , Tamari Noboru , Horibe Hideo 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTGraft copolymers show microphase separated structure as seen in block copolymers and have lower intrinsic viscosity than block copolymers because of a branching structure. Therefore, considering molding processability, especially for polymers containing rigid segments, graft copolymers are useful architectures. In this work, graft copolymers containing rigid poly(diisopropyl fumarate) (PDiPF) branches were synthesized by full free‐radical polymerization process. First, synthesis of PDiPF macromonomers by addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (AFCT) was investigated. 2,2‐Dimethyl‐4‐methylene‐pentanedioic acid dimethyl ester was found to be an efficient AFCT agent for diisopropyl fumarate (DiPF) polymerization because of the suppression of undesired primary radical termination, which significantly took place when common AFCT agent, methyl 2‐(bromomethyl)acrylate, was used. Copolymerization of PDiPF macromonomer with ethyl acrylate accomplished the generation of the graft copolymer having flexible poly(ethyl acrylate) backbone and rigid PDiPF branches. The graft copolymer showed a microphase separated structure, high transparency, and characteristic thermal properties to PDiPF and poly(ethyl acrylate). © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 2474–2480
Feasibility and acceptability of using an IVRS to assess decision making about sun protection
Authors: Holland Susan M. , Shuk Elyse , Burkhalter Jack , Shouery Marwan , Li Yuelin , Hay Jennifer L. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveWe developed an interactive voice response system (IVRS), an automated telephone survey technology, to assess real‐time decision making about sun protection. We examined the feasibility and acceptability of IVRS in this electronic health (eHealth) context.MethodsMelanoma patients who underwent surgery referred their first‐degree relatives (FDRs) for participation. Eligible FDRs were contacted twice daily (12:30 pm; 5:00 pm) over 14 consecutive days via IVRS to complete a survey about their sun protection behaviors and decisions about those behaviors.ResultsOf the 81 eligible FDRs, 69 (85%) consented to the study, and 53 (77%) completed the study. We assessed adherence with the IVRS via the number and pattern of missing survey items across all answered IVRS calls. About 80% of scheduled IVRS calls were answered (1316/1652). Most surveys (93%) of the IVRS‐answered calls were completed. To examine acceptability, we analyzed the program satisfaction survey data collected at the end of the study. Most participants viewed the IVRS to be highly acceptable and easy to use.ConclusionsThese findings illustrate that use of real‐time IVRS data collection regarding sun protection decision making is feasible and acceptable to higher‐risk research participants and could thus be used with time and location‐sensitive eHealth support to enhance sun protection decision making.
Transcriptomic and Proteomic Profiling of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived from Umbilical Cord in the Study of Preterm Birth
Authors: Chien Chih‐Wei , Lo Yu‐Shu , Wu Hsin‐Yi , Hsuan Yogi , Lin Chi‐Kang , Chen Yu‐Ju , Lin Willie , Han Chia‐Li 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold great therapeutic potential in morbidities associated with preterm birth. However, the molecular expressions of MSCs in preterm birth infants are not systematically evaluated. In this study, the dual‐omics analyses of umbilical‐cord (UC)‐derived MSCs to identify the dysregulated cellular functions are presented.Materials and methodsThe UC‐MSCs are collected from ten full‐term and eight preterm birth infants for microarray and iTRAQ‐based proteome profiling.ResultsThe integrative analysis of dual‐omics data discovered 5615 commonly identified genes/proteins of which 29 genes/proteins show consistent up‐ or downregulation in preterm birth. The Gene Ontology analysis reveals that dysregulation of mitochondrial translation and cellular response to oxidative stress are mainly enriched in 290 differential expression proteins (DEPs) while the 412 differential expression genes (DEGs) are majorly involved in single‐organism biosynthetic process, cellular response to stress, and mitotic cell cycle in preterm birth. Besides, a 13‐protein module involving CUL2 and CUL3 is identified, which plays an important role in cullin‐RING‐based ubiquitin ligase complex, as potential mechanism for preterm birth.ConclusionThe dual‐omics data not only provide new insights to the molecular mechanism but also identify panel of candidate markers associated with preterm birth.
Improved multiparameter exponential‐type potential for diatomic molecules
Authors: Xie Bin‐Jie , Jia Chun‐Sheng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe report an improved multiparameter exponential‐type potential (MPETP) energy model for diatomic molecules. It is found that this potential is identical to the Tietz potential in the realm of diatomic molecules. The efficiency of the improved MPETP is clarified by simulating the internuclear interaction potential curve for the A (3Π1) state of the chlorine monofluoride molecule.
Explicit moduli spaces for congruences of elliptic curves
Authors: Fisher Tom 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We determine explicit birational models over $${{\mathbb {Q}}}$$
Q
for the modular surfaces parametrising pairs of N-congruent elliptic curves in all cases where this surface is an elliptic surface. In each case we also determine the rank of the Mordell–Weil lattice and the geometric Picard number.