bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in PGE2 signaling after submandibulectomy alter post–tooth extraction socket healing
Authors: Mohn Claudia Ester , Troncoso Gastón Rodolfo , Bozzini Clarisa , Conti María Inés , Fernandez Solari Javier , Elverdin Juan Carlos 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSaliva is very important to oral health, and a salivary deficit has been shown to bring serious problems to oral health. There is scant information about the mechanisms through which salivary glands participate in post–tooth extraction socket healing. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of submandibulectomy (SMx), consisting of the ablation of submandibular and sublingual glands (SMG and SLG, respectively), on PGE2 signaling and other bone regulatory molecules, such as OPG and RANKL, involved in tooth extraction socket healing. Male Wistar rats, 70 g body weight, were assigned to an experimental (subjected to SMx) or a control group (sham operated). One week later, the animals in both groups underwent bilateral extraction of the first mandibular molars. The effect of SMx on different stages of socket healing after tooth extraction (7, 14, and 30 days) was studied by evaluating some parameters of inflammation, including PGE2 and its receptors, and of bone metabolism, as well as by performing bone biomechanical studies. SMx increased TNFα and PGE2 content as well as cyclooxygenase‐II (COX‐II) expression in tooth socket tissue at almost all the studied time points. SMx also had an effect on mRNA expression of PGE2 receptors at the different time points, but did not significantly alter osteoprotegerin (OPG) and RANKL mRNA expression at any of the studied time points. In addition, an increase in bone mass density was observed in SMx rats compared with matched controls, and the structural and mechanical bone properties of the mandibular socket bone were also affected by SMx. Our results suggest that the SMG/SLG complex regulates cellular activation and differentiation by modulating the production of molecules intervening in tooth extraction socket repair, including the PGE2 signaling system, which would therefore account for the higher density and resistance of the newly formed bone in SMx rat.
Determinants of health seeking behaviour following rabies exposure in Ethiopia
Authors: Beyene T. J. , Mourits M. C. M. , Revie C. W. , Hogeveen H. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe objective of this study was to identify factors that determine medical treatment seeking behaviour following potential rabies exposure after being bitten by a suspected dog and the likelihood of compliance to receive sufficient doses of post‐exposure prophylaxis after the visit to a health centre visit. A detailed survey based on case investigation was conducted on suspected rabid dog bite cases in three areas of Ethiopia. Two multivariable logistic regression models were created with a set of putative variables to explain treatment seeking and compliance outcomes. Based on the registered bite cases at each health centre and the set of unregistered bite cases derived by contact tracing, 655 bite victim cases were identified to have occurred between September 2013 and August 2014. Of these evaluated bite incidences, 465 cases were considered to have been caused by a potentially rabid dog. About 77% of these suspected rabid dog bite victims visited a health centre, while 57% received sufficient doses of PEP. The overall likelihood of seeking medical services following rabies exposure was higher for people bitten by dogs of unknown ownership, where the bite was severe, being bitten on the leg, spend of more than 100 USD per month and where the victim lived close to the nearest health centre, while the likelihood of receiving sufficient doses of PEP was sensitive to monthly spending and distance to health centre. However, the evaluated factors did only explain a part of the variation among the three districts. The district in which victims lived appeared to have a relevant influence on the likelihood of seeking medical treatment but did not improve the prediction on the likelihood of treatment compliance. Given the insights obtained from this study, improvements in the rural districts with regard to accessibility of post‐exposure prophylaxis delivering health centres in shorter distance could improve health seeking behaviour. In addition, in rural districts, majority of exposed persons who seek medical treatment tend to comply with treatment regimen, indicating that the promotion of medical treatment through awareness creation campaigns could be beneficial.
Estimating the mean of a small sample under the two parameter lognormal distribution
Authors: Hingley Peter 
Published: March 2018

Lognormally distributed variables are found in biological, economic and other systems. Here the sampling distributions of maximum likelihood estimates (MLE) for parameters are developed when data are lognormally distributed and estimation is carried out either by the correct lognormal model or by the mis-specified normal distribution. This is designed as an aid to experimental design when drawing a small sample under an assumption that the population follows a normal distribution while in fact it follows a lognormal distribution. Distributions are derived analytically as far as possible by using a technique for estimator densities and are confirmed by simulations. For an independently and identically distributed lognormal sample, when a normal distribution is used for estimation then the distribution of the MLE of the mean is different to that for the MLE of the lognormal mean. The distribution is not known but can be well enough approximated by another lognormal. An analytic method for the distribution of the mis-specified normal variance uses computational convolution for a sample of size 2. The expected value of the mis-specified normal variance is also found as a way to give information about the effect of the model misspecification on inferences for the mean. The results are demonstrated on an example for a population distribution that is abstracted from a survey.
Anti-HMGB1 Neutralizing Antibody Attenuates Periodontal Inflammation and Bone Resorption in a Murine Periodontitis Model
Authors: Yoshihara-Hirata Chiaki , Yamashiro Keisuke , Yamamoto Tadashi , Aoyagi Hiroaki , Ideguchi Hidetaka , Kawamura Mari , Suzuki Risa , Ono Mitsuaki , Wake Hidenori , Nishibori Masahiro , Takashiba Shogo 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a non-histone DNA-binding protein that is secreted into the extracellular milieu in response to inflammatory stimuli. The secreted HMGB1 mediates various inflammatory diseases, including periodontitis; however, the underlying mechanisms of HMGB1-induced periodontal inflammation are not completely understood. Here, we examined whether anti-HMGB1 neutralizing antibody inhibits periodontal progression and investigated the molecular pathology of HMGB1
in vitro
and
in vivo. In vitro
analysis indicated that HMGB1, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were secreted in response to tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) stimuli in human gingival epithelial cells (HGECs) and human monocytic leukemia cells (THP-1) treated with phorbol myristate acetate. Increased levels of GM-CSF and IL-1β were observed in the conditioned media from TNF-α-stimulated HGECs and THP-1
in vitro
. Simultaneous stimulation with TNF-α and anti-HMGB1 antibody significantly decreased TNF-α-induced inflammatory cytokine secretion. Experimental periodontitis was induced in mice using
Porphyromonas gingivalis
-soaked ligatures. The extracellular translocation was confirmed in gingival epithelia in the periodontitis model mice by immunofluorescence analysis. Systemic administration of anti-HMGB1 neutralizing antibody significantly inhibited translocation of HMGB1. The anti-HMGB1 antibody inhibited periodontal inflammation, expression of IL-1β and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1), migration of neutrophils, and bone resorption, shown by bioluminescence imaging of myeloperoxidase activity, quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), and micro-computed tomography analysis. These findings indicate that HMGB1 is secreted in response to inflammatory stimuli caused by periodontal infection, which is crucial for the initiation of periodontitis, and the anti-HMGB1 antibody attenuates the secretion of a series of inflammatory cytokines, consequently suppressing the progression of periodontitis.
Using an internet intervention to support self-management of low back pain in primary care: findings from a randomised controlled feasibility trial (SupportBack)
Authors: Geraghty Adam W A , Stanford Rosie , Stuart Beth , Little Paul , Roberts Lisa C , Foster Nadine E , Hill Jonathan C , Hay Elaine M , Turner David , Malakan Wansida , Leigh Linda , Yardley Lucy 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveTo determine the feasibility of a randomised controlled trial of an internet intervention for low back pain (LBP) using three arms: (1) usual care, (2) usual care plus an internet intervention or (3) usual care plus an internet intervention with additional physiotherapist telephone support.Design and settingA three-armed randomised controlled feasibility trial conducted in 12 general practices in England.ParticipantsPrimary care patients aged over 18 years, with current LBP, access to the internet and without indicators of serious spinal pathology or systemic illness.InterventionsThe ‘SupportBack’ internet intervention delivers a 6-week, tailored programme, focused on graded goal setting, self-monitoring and provision of tailored feedback to encourage physical activity. Additional physiotherapist telephone support consisted of three brief telephone calls over a 4-week period, to address any concerns and provide reassurance.OutcomesThe primary outcomes were the feasibility of the trial design including recruitment, adherence and retention at follow-up. Secondary descriptive and exploratory analyses were conducted on clinical outcomes including LBP-related disability at 3 months follow-up.ResultsPrimary outcomes: 87 patients with LBP were recruited (target 60–90) over 6 months, and there were 3 withdrawals. Adherence to the intervention was higher in the physiotherapist-supported arm, compared with the stand-alone internet intervention. Trial physiotherapists adhered to the support protocol. Overall follow-up rate on key clinical outcomes at 3 months follow-up was 84%.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated the feasibility of a future definitive randomised controlled trial to determine the clinical and cost-effectiveness of the SupportBack intervention in primary care patients with LBP.Trial registration numberISRCTN31034004; Results.
Healthcare use for children with complex needs: using routine health data linked to a multiethnic, ongoing birth cohort
Authors: Bishop Chrissy Frances , Small Neil , Parslow Roger , Kelly Brian 
Published: March 2018

ObjectivesCongenital anomaly (CA) are a leading cause of disease, death and disability for children throughout the world. Many have complex and varying healthcare needs which are not well understood. Our aim was to analyse the healthcare needs of children with CA and examine how that healthcare is delivered.DesignSecondary analysis of observational data from the Born in Bradford study, a large prospective birth cohort, linked to primary care data and hospital episode statistics. Negative binomial regression with 95% CIs was performed to predict healthcare use. The authors conducted a subanalysis on referrals to specialists using paper medical records for a sample of 400 children.SettingPrimary, secondary and tertiary healthcare services in a large city in the north of England.ParticipantsAll children recruited to the birth cohort between March 2007 and December 2011. A total of 706 children with CA and 10 768 without CA were included in the analyses.Primary and secondary outcome measuresHealthcare use for children with and without CA aged 0 to <5 years was the primary outcome measure after adjustment for confounders.ResultsPrimary care consultations, use of hospital services and referrals to specialists were higher for children with CA than those without. Children in economically deprived neighbourhoods were more likely to be admitted to hospital than consult primary care. Children with CA had a higher use of hospital services (β 1.48, 95% CI 1.36 to 1.59) than primary care consultations (β 0.24, 95% CI 1.18 to 0.30). Children with higher educated mothers were less likely to consult primary care and hospital services.ConclusionsHospital services are most in demand for children with CA, but also for children who were economically deprived whether they had a CA or not. The complex nature of CA in children requires multidisciplinary management and strengthened coordination between primary and secondary care.
Impact of particulate matter on mothers and babies in Antwerp (IPANEMA): a prospective cohort study on the impact of pollutants and particulate matter in pregnancy
Authors: Van den Eeden Lena , Lambrechts Nathalie , Verheyen Veerle , Berth Mario , Schoeters Greet , Jacquemyn Yves 
Published: March 2018

IntroductionAir pollution is a hot topic and is known to cause multiple health issues. Especially pregnant women seem to be vulnerable to environmental issues. There are data suggesting that exposure contributes to hypertensive disorders.This study aims to evaluate the effects of exposure to particulate matter (PM) and outdoor air pollutants on the clinical pregnancy outcome for mother and child and to determine which biochemical changes in maternal, placental and cord blood best explain this effect.Methods and analysisThis study is a prospective cohort study. We aim to recruit 200 pregnant women. The outcome measurements will include maternal parameters, labour parameters and neonatal parameters.Multiple samples will be analysed such as maternal urine samples (8-oxo-deoxyguanosine), maternal blood samples (routine blood sampling, biomarkers of pre-eclampsia and transcript markers), maternal hair samples, neonatal blood samples (transcript markers) combined with extensive questionnaires.Ethics and disseminationWe obtain informed consent from each participant prior to enrolment in the study.The study has received approval by the Ethical Committee of the Antwerp University Hospital (14/40/411).IPANEMA is the first prospective study to assess the impact of PM on mothers and babies in Antwerp, Belgium.Findings from this study will contribute to improve knowledge on the impact of exposure to air pollution on mothers and babies and will also define biomarkers as predictors for pregnant women at risk.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov: 14/40/411. Registered 22-10-2015.
Consumption of ultra-processed foods and associated sociodemographic factors in the USA between 2007 and 2012: evidence from a nationally representative cross-sectional study
Authors: Baraldi Larissa Galastri , Martinez Steele Euridice , Canella Daniela Silva , Monteiro Carlos Augusto 
Published: March 2018

ObjectivesTo compare ultra-processed food consumption across sociodemographic groups and over time (2007–2008, 2009–2010, 2011–2012) in the USA.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingNational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2012.ParticipantsAll individuals aged ≥2 years with at least one 24-hour dietary recall were included (n=23 847).Main outcome measuresAverage dietary contribution of ultra-processed foods (expressed as a percentage of the total caloric value of the diet), obtained after classifying all food items according to extent and purpose of industrial food processing using NOVA classification.Data analysisLinear regression was used to evaluate the association between sociodemographic characteristics or NHANES cycles and dietary contribution of ultra-processed foods.ResultsAlmost 60% of calories consumed in the period 2007–2012 came from ultra-processed foods. Consumption of ultra-processed foods decreased with age and income level, was higher for non-Hispanic whites or non-Hispanic blacks than for other race/ethnicity groups and lower for people with college than for lower levels of education, all differences being statistically significant. Overall contribution of ultra-processed foods increased significantly between NHANES cycles (nearly 1% point per cycle), the same being observed among males, adolescents and high school education-level individuals.ConclusionsUltra-processed food consumption in the USA in the period 2007–2012 was overall high, greater among non-Hispanic whites or non-Hispanic blacks, less educated, younger, lower-income strata and increased across time.
Assessing the impact of TRAP laws on abortion and women’s health in the USA: a systematic review
Authors: Austin Nichole , Harper Sam 
Published: March 2018

IntroductionTargeted Regulation of Abortion Providers (TRAP) laws impose extensive and sometimes costly requirements on abortion providers and facilities, potentially leading to barriers to care. Understanding the impact of these laws is important given their prevalence in the USA, but no review to date has summarised the available evidence. We conducted a systematic review of literature on TRAP laws and their impact on abortion trends and women’s health.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, PubMed and EconLit for original, quantitative studies where the exposure was at least one TRAP policy and the outcome was abortion and/or any women’s physical or mental health outcome.ResultsSix articles met our inclusion criteria. The most common outcome was population-level abortion trends; studies also assessed the effect of TRAP laws on gestational age at presentation and measures of self-perceived burden. While certain TRAP laws (eg, admitting privilege requirements) appeared to have an effect on abortion outcomes, the impact of other laws – or combinations of laws – was unclear, due in part to heterogeneity between studies with respect to study design, geography, and exposure definition.ConclusionsTRAP laws may have an impact on the experience of obtaining an abortion in the USA. However, our review revealed a paucity of empirical research on their population and individual-level impact, as well as some disagreement about the effect of different TRAP laws on subsequent abortion outcomes. Future research should prioritise the specific TRAP laws that may have a uniquely strong effect on state-level abortion rates and other outcomes.
Day case ‘treat and transfer’ ERCP service under general anaesthesia
Authors: El-Sherif Yasser , Hunt John , Suddle Abid , Prater Brian , Reffitt David , Devlin John , Harrison Phillip , Joshi Deepak 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveGeneral anaesthesia (GA) has been increasingly used for advanced endoscopic procedures in particular endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Given the increasing pressure on many hospitals, the delivery of such service on a regular basis may not always be possible. We established a new day case ‘GA ERCP’ service. We describe our experience in evaluating the safety and overall feasibility of this new service.DesignProspective database has been interrogated for the period from March 2015 to December 2016. We documented patients’ demographics, ERCP indications, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) status, Cotton grade and complications.Results67 patients were referred to endoscopy unit at King’s College Hospital (KCH), for urgent day case GA ERCP from nine referring hospitals. The main indications were failed ERCP under sedation 47.8% (32/67), and unavailability of ERCP locally 41.8% (28/67). A total of 64 patients were actually transferred to KCH; 57.8% (37/64) women with a median age 55.8 years (range 23–90). 78.1% (50/64) of patients had a virgin papilla, with 39% (25/64) were ASA ≥3. The Cotton grade was ≥ 3 in 50% (32/64) patients. ERCP was completed successfully in 87.5% (56/64). For patients with previous failed ERCP, repeat ERCP under GA was successful in 75% (24/32). All patients were safely discharged back to their referring hospitals after the short observation period post-ERCP.ConclusionsUrgent inpatient transfers between hospitals for performing ERCP under GA as a day case is safe and feasible. The new GA ERCP pathway can be replicated by other UK centres.
UK military doctors; stigma, mental health and help-seeking: a comparative cohort study
Authors: Jones Norman , Whybrow D , Coetzee R 
Published: March 2018

IntroductionStudies suggest that medical doctors can suffer from substantial levels of mental ill-health. Little is known about military doctors’ mental health and well-being; we therefore assessed attitudes to mental health, self-stigma, psychological distress and help-seeking among UK Armed Forces doctors.MethodsSix hundred and seventy-eight military doctors (response rate 59%) completed an anonymous online survey. Comparisons were made with serving and ex-military personnel (n=1448, response rate 84.5%) participating in a mental health-related help-seeking survey. Basic sociodemographic data were gathered, and participants completed measures of mental health-related stigmatisation, perceived barriers to care and the 12-Item General Health Questionnaire. All participants were asked if in the last three years they had experienced stress, emotional, mental health, alcohol, family or relationship problems, and whether they had sought help from formal sources.ResultsMilitary doctors reported fewer mental disorder symptoms than the comparison groups. They endorsed higher levels of stigmatising beliefs, negative attitudes to mental healthcare, desire to self-manage and self-stigmatisation than each of the comparison groups. They were most concerned about potential negative effects of and peer perceptions about receiving a mental disorder diagnosis. Military doctors reporting historical and current relationship, and alcohol or mental health problems were significantly and substantially less likely to seek help than the comparison groups.ConclusionsAlthough there are a number of study limitations, outcomes suggest that UK military doctors report lower levels of mental disorder symptoms, higher levels of stigmatising beliefs and a lower propensity to seek formal support than other military reference groups.