bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-volatile particle emissions from aircraft turbine engines at ground-idle induce oxidative stress in bronchial cells
Authors: Jonsdottir Hulda R. , Delaval Mathilde , Leni Zaira , Keller Alejandro , Brem Benjamin T. , Siegerist Frithjof , Schönenberger David , Durdina Lukas , Elser Miriam , Burtscher Heinz , Liati Anthi , Geiser Marianne 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAircraft emissions contribute to local and global air pollution. Health effects of particulate matter (PM) from aircraft engines are largely unknown, since controlled cell exposures at relevant conditions are challenging. We examined the toxicity of non-volatile PM (nvPM) emissions from a CFM56-7B26 turbofan, the world’s most used aircraft turbine using an unprecedented exposure setup. We combined direct turbine-exhaust sampling under realistic engine operating conditions and the Nano-Aerosol Chamber for In vitro Toxicity to deposit particles onto air–liquid-interface cultures of human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) at physiological conditions. We evaluated acute cellular responses after 1-h exposures to diluted exhaust from conventional or alternative fuel combustion. We show that single, short-term exposures to nvPM impair bronchial epithelial cells, and PM from conventional fuel at ground-idle conditions is the most hazardous. Electron microscopy of soot reveals varying reactivity matching the observed cellular responses. Stronger responses at lower mass concentrations suggest that additional metrics are necessary to evaluate health risks of this increasingly important emission source.
Fate of cisplatin and its main hydrolysed forms in the presence of thiolates: a comprehensive computational and experimental study
Authors: Minervini Thibault , Cardey Bruno , Foley Sarah , Ramseyer Christophe , Enescu Mironel 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Interaction of platinum-based drugs with proteins containing sulphur amino acids is usually argued as one of the major reasons for the observed resistance to these drugs, mainly due to the deactivation of the native compounds by very efficient thiolation processes in the organism. In this work, we have investigated the detailed thermodynamics and kinetics of reaction between cisplatin cis-[PtCl2(NH3)2] and its major hydrolysed forms (monohydroxocisplatin cis-[PtCl(OH)(NH3)2] and monoaquacisplatin cis-[PtCl(H2O)(NH3)2]+) with various thiolates (methanethiolate, cysteine and glutathione) and methionine. We have used a demanding quantum chemistry approach at the MP2 and DFT levels of theory to determine the Gibbs free energies and the barrier of reactions of the most possible reaction paths. The substitution of the four ligands of the complexes studied here (Cl−, OH−, H2O and NH3) can either proceed by direct thiolations or bidentations. Our Raman spectroscopy measurements show that only two thiolations actually occur, although four are possible in principle. The reason could lie in the bidentation reactions eventually taking place after each thiolation, which is backed up by our computational results. The observed lability scale of the ligands under thiolate exposure was found to be in the following order H2O &gt; Cl− ≈ NH3(trans) &gt; NH3(cis) &gt; OH−, the difference between ammine ligands being induced by a significant trans-labilization by thiolates. Finally, the S,N bidentation is shown to be preferred with respect to the S,O one.
Abundance to age ratios in the HARPS-GTO sample with Gaia DR2
Authors: Delgado Mena E. , Moya A. , Adibekyan V. , Tsantaki M. , González Hernández J. I. , Israelian G. , Davies G. R. , Chaplin W. J. , Sousa S. G. , Ferreira A. C. S. , Santos N. C. 
Published: March 2019

Aims. The purpose of this work is to evaluate how several elements produced by different nucleosynthesis processes behave with stellar age and provide empirical relations to derive stellar ages from chemical abundances.
Methods. We derived different sets of ages using Padova and Yonsei–Yale isochrones and HIPPARCOS and Gaia parallaxes for a sample of more than 1000 FGK dwarf stars for which he have high-resolution (R ~ 115 000) and high-quality spectra from the HARPS-GTO program. We analyzed the temporal evolution of different abundance ratios to find the best chemical clocks. We applied multivariable linear regressions to our sample of stars with a small uncertainty on age to obtain empirical relations of age as a function of stellar parameters and different chemical clocks.
Results. We find that [α/Fe] ratio (average of Mg, Si, and Ti), [O/Fe] and [Zn/Fe] are good age proxies with a lower dispersion than the age-metallicity dispersion. Several abundance ratios present a significant correlation with age for chemically separated thin disk stars (i.e., low-α) but in the case of the chemically defined thick disk stars (i.e., high-α) only the elements Mg, Si, Ca, and Ti II show a clear correlation with age. We find that the thick disk stars are more enriched in light-s elements than thin disk stars of similar age. The maximum enrichment of s-process elements in the thin disk occurs in the youngest stars which in turn have solar metallicity. The slopes of the [X/Fe]-age relations are quite constant for O, Mg, Si, Ti, Zn, Sr, and Eu regardless of the metallicity. However, this is not the case for Al, Ca, Cu and most of the s-process elements, which display very different trends depending on the metallicity. This demonstrates the limitations of using simple linear relations based on certain abundance ratios to obtain ages for stars of different metallicities. Finally, we show that by using 3D relations with a chemical clock and two stellar parameters (either Teff, [Fe/H] or stellar mass) we can explain up to 89% of age variance in a star. A similar result is obtained when using 2D relations with a chemical clock and one stellar parameter, explaining up to a 87% of the variance.
Conclusions. The complete understanding of how the chemical elements were produced and evolved in the Galaxy requires the knowledge of stellar ages and precise chemical abundances. We show how the temporal evolution of some chemical species change with metallicity, with remarkable variations at super-solar metallicities, which will help to better constrain the yields of different nucleosynthesis processes along the history of the Galaxy.
Burosumab: Neue Horizonte in der Behandlung der
X-chromosomalen hypophosphatämischen Rachitis (XLH)
Authors: Raimann Adalbert 
Published: March 2019

ZusammenfassungDie X-chromosmale hypophosphatämische Rachitis (XLH) ist eine seltene, durch
chronische Mineralisationsstörung, skelettale Deformitäten und Minderwuchs
gekennzeichnete Erkrankung mit Erstmanifestation in Kleinkindesalter. Durch
genetische Veränderungen im PHEX Gen kommt es zur übermäßigen Synthese des
Phosphatregulators Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 (FGF23) und somit zu einem
krankheitsverursachenden chronischen Phosphatverlust. Die konventionelle
Behandlung von Patienten mit XLH mit Phosphatsalzen und aktiven Vitamin
D-Derivaten stellt einen klinischen Drahtseilakt zwischen Hypomineralisation und
Nephrokalzinose, Knochenschmerz und Hyperparathyreoidismus dar. Mit der
Zulassung von Burosumab, einem monoklonalen Antikörper gegen humanes FGF23,
steht nun erstmals ein direkt in den Pathomechanismus eingreifende Therapie zur
Verfügung. Im Rahmen dieses Übersichtsartikels werden Hintergrund und rezente
Studiendaten erläutert, sowie auf offene Diskussionspunkte hinsichtlich der
neuen Antikörpertherapie hingewiesen.
Teriparatid – Das molekulare und klinische Profil bei der
Therapie der Osteoporose
Authors: Jakob Franz , Müller-Deubert Sigrid , Ebert Regina 
Published: March 2019

ZusammenfassungPTH und PTHrP fördern situationsabhängig Knochenformation, -umbau und -abbau. Sie
binden an den PTH Rezeptor Typ 1 (PTH1R) auf Osteoblasten, Osteozyten und
T-Zellen und vermitteln Genregulation. Kurze Pulse wirken anabol, chronische
Stimulation wirkt stark katabol. Teriparatid ist von PTH abgeleitet (Aminosäuren
1–34) und induziert Knochenformation, die durch mechanische Belastung auch an
instabilen Stellen verstärkt wird. Klinische Endpunkte sind Zunahme an
Knochenmasse und -struktur und deutliche Reduktion der Frakturrate der
Wirbelkörper und – mit geringerer Effizienz – der non-vertebralen Frakturen. Die
Wirkung ist in einem umfangreichen Studienprogramm in randomisierten
kontrollierten und „Real-Life“-Studien evidenzbasiert belegt. Teriparatid wirkt
bei Frauen und Männern, unter Glukokortikoid-Therapie und nach
Bisphosphonat-Vorbehandlung. Es kann nur einmalig über 24 Monate verabreicht
werden, nachfolgende Gabe von Antiresorptiva verbessert den Outcome.
Gesundheitspolitische Vorgaben beschränken seine Anwendung in Deutschland auf
die Situation neuer Frakturen unter Antiresorptiva. Teriparatid ist sicher, hat
ein sehr gutes Nebenwirkungsprofil und ist das erste Beispiel einer
Regenerativen Therapie in der Osteologie.
Fibre-type-specific and Mitochondrial Biomarkers of Muscle Damage after Mountain Races
Authors: Carmona Gerard , Roca Emma , Guerrero Mario , Cussó Roser , Bàrcena Cristina , Mateu Mercè , Cadefau Joan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractConsequences of running mountain races on muscle damage were investigated by analysing serum muscle enzymes and fibre-type-specific sarcomere proteins. We studied 10 trained amateur and 6 highly trained runners who ran a 35 km and 55 km mountain trail race (MTR), respectively. Levels of creatine kinase (CK), CK-MB isoform (CK-MB), sarcomeric mitochondrial CK (sMtCK), transaminases (AST and ALT), cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and fast (FM) and slow myosin (SM) isoforms, were assessed before, 1 h, 24 h and 48 h after the beginning of MTR. Significant SM increases were found at 24 h in the 55 km group. Levels of CK, CK-MB, AST and cTnI were significantly elevated in both groups following MTR, but in the 55 km group they tended to stabilize in at 48 h. Using pooled data, time-independent serum peaks of SM and CK-MB were significantly correlated. Moreover, concentration of sMtCK was significantly elevated at 1 and 24 h after the race in the 35 km group. Although training volume could confer protection on the mitochondria, the increase in serum CK-MB and SM in the 55 km group might be related to damage to the contractile apparatus type I fibres. Competing in long-distance MTRs might be related to deeper type I muscle fibre damage, even in highly trained individuals
Multiple Wirbelkörperfrakturen bei einem 44- jährigen Mann
– die Abklärung sekundärer Ursachen lohnt sich
Authors: Gollisch Katja S. C. , Lamersdorf Annette , Werner Mathias , Siggelkow Heide , Heppner Christina 
Published: March 2019

ZusammenfassungWir beschreiben den Fall eines 44-jährigen Patienten, der sich 2011 mit akuten
Rückenschmerzen und radiologisch nachgewiesener frischer LWK Fraktur vorstellte.
Neben der frischen Fraktur fielen ältere Kompressionsfrakturen im Bereich der
Brust- und Lendenwirbelsäule auf. Die Knochendichtemessung zeigte eine
ausgeprägte Osteoporose. Klinisch fiel der Patient durch kleine Hoden auf. Die
Diagnostik bezüglich sekundärer Ursachen der Osteoporose zeigte nicht nur einen
hypergonadotropen Hypogonadismus sondern auch das Vorliegen einer systemischen
Mastozytose. Die der Osteoporose zugrundeliegenden Pathologien steuerten die
Therapieentscheidung. Neben einer Testosteronsubstitution wurde eine
Bisphosphonattherapie eingeleitet. Hierunter konnte eine Stabilisierung erreicht
werden. Die Knochendichte verbesserte sich um 8 %, und es traten keine weiteren
osteoporotischen Frakturen auf. Der Fall zeigt die Wichtigkeit einer
vollständigen Diagnostik bezüglich sekundärer Ursachen einer Osteoporose,
insbesondere wenn ein ungewöhnlicher Kontext wie bei jungen Männern oder
prämenopausalen Frauen vorliegt.
Die modifizierte SLAM (scapholunate axis method) Technik
zur sekundären SL-Band-Rekonstruktion – Erste Ergebnisse
Authors: Dolderer Jürgen H. , Zimny Katja , Klein Silvan , Koller Michael , Prantl Lukas , Geis Sebastian 
Published: March 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die gängigen Verfahren zur sekundären Rekonstruktion des
skapholunären (SL) Bandes erzielen eine Schmerzreduktion und Sicherung des
Repositionsergebnisses meist nur auf Kosten der Beweglichkeit und Kraft.
Dahingegen scheint die SLAM- (scapholunate axis method) Technik eine
Stabilisierung von Skaphoid und Lunatum ohne Verlust an Beweglichkeit zu
erlauben. Wir haben die Technik durch zusätzliche Fixierung eines Endes des
Sehnentransplantates am Kapitatum modifiziert, hoffend dass so eine
Palmarkippung des Skaphoids noch besser verhindert wird.
Ziel Die Studie hatte zum Ziel, ob mittels der modifizierten SLAM-Technik
eine Stabilisierung von Skaphoid und Lunatum sowie Schmerzreduktion möglich ist,
ohne dass es zu einem Verlust an Beweglichkeit und Kraft kommt.
Patienten und Methoden 5 männliche Patienten mit einer veralteten
SL-Band-Läsion (3–10 Monate) im Alter zwischen 36 und 60 Jahren wurden mit der
modifizierten SLAM-Technik operiert. Präoperativ und nach 12 Monaten wurden die
Beweglichkeit, die Grobkraft, die Schmerzen, der SL-Winkel sowie der DASH- und
der Mayo Wrist-Scores erfasst und miteinander verglichen.
Ergebnisse Bei allen Patienten zeigte sich bei der Untersuchung nach 12
Monaten eine Verbesserung im DASH- Score von durchschnittlich 60,4 auf 34,4
Punkte sowie beim Mayo Wrist-Score von 41 auf 74 Punkte. Die Grobkraft nahm von
durchschnittlich 24,6 kg auf 38 kg zu. Ruhe- und Belastungsschmerzen sanken von
durchschnittlich 1,4 auf 0,2, respektive von 5,4 auf 1,4 auf der 10stelligen
visuellen Analogskala. Der SL-Winkel zeigte sich im Mittel mit 64,8°
postoperativ gegenüber 63,2° nahezu unverändert, wobei lediglich bei 2 Patienten
eine Verbesserung erzielt wurde. Die Beweglichkeit war zwar bei der
Nachuntersuchung im Mittel in allen Freiheitsgraden gegenüber präoperativ
verbessert (Extension/Flexion: 58–0–60 vs. 50–0–49; Radial-/Ulnarduktion:
19–0–45 vs. 15–0–25 und Supination/Pronation: 87–0–90 vs. 81–0–81), allerdings
nicht bei allen Patienten in allen Ebenen.
Schlussfolgerung Zwar konnte eine Verbesserung des DASH- und Mayo Wrist
Scores sowie der Grobkraft und eine Schmerzreduktion erzielt werden, jedoch
keine Verbesserung des SL-Winkels, noch eine Verbesserung der
Handgelenksbeweglichkeit bei allen Patienten in allen Ebenen. Somit bleibt die
Studie den Nachweis schuldig, dass mit der modifizierten SLAM-Technik eine
Stabilisierung von Skaphoid und Lunatum sowie Schmerzreduktion möglich ist, ohne
dass es zu einem Verlust an Beweglichkeit kommt.
Silicon-Tethered Frameworks as Directing Groups for Carbon–Carbon and Carbon–Heteroatom Bond Formation
Authors: Liu Wen-Bo , Usman Muhammad , Zhang Xiao-Wen 
Published: March 2019

Recent advances in the use of silicon-tethered frameworks as directing groups for the efficient construction of C–C, C–B, C–O and C–X (X = halogen) bonds are discussed in this short review. In addition, mechanistic insights are briefly discussed. Hence, the goal of this short review is to give an overview of the state of the art in this field, encompassing the reactivity, selectivity and efficiency of different processes.1	Introduction2	Carbon–Carbon Bond Formation2.1	Alkenylation2.2	Arylation2.3	Carbonylation3	Carbon–Boron Bond Formation4	Carbon–Oxygen and Carbon–Halogen Bond Formation5	Conclusion
Efficacy of a Second-Generation Rotating Bearing Tibial Platform in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study with Registry Analysis
Authors: Scholes Corey , Ebrahimi Milad , Ektas Nalan , Ireland John 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThere is a lack of clinical outcomes reported for the rotating bearing knee (RBK) total knee arthroplasty (TKA), which is a second-generation rotating platform knee, with purported benefits over earlier versions. The purpose of the study was to report the complications, short-term (minimum 1 year) patient-reported outcomes and long-term (up to 15 years) procedure survival in a consecutive series of patients receiving a rotating platform TKA (RBK) from an independent clinic. A retrospective analysis of a single-surgeon, private/public practice, with prospectively collected data in a subset of patients were performed. A total of 1,130 procedures (primary, revision from unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) to TKA) were crossmatched with manufacturer records. Clinical outcomes (complications, reoperations) were summarized and linked to patient-reported outcome measures (Eq. 5D, KSS-function, Oxford knee score [OKS]). OKS results were classified using minimally clinical important difference (MCID) and patient acceptable symptom state (PASS). PROMs were summarized and regression models used to determine relationships between patient factors and outcomes in this cohort. Cumulative percent revision was reported by the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry (AOANJRR) and compared between the senior author and national data using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. We report a complication rate of 19.7% with the majority (> 60%) being thromboembolic events and complaints of stiffness. Significant improvements were observed in general health, knee pain, and function with > 89% exceeding the MCID for the OKS and > 65% exceeding the PASS for the OKS at an average follow-up of 3.2 years. We report a cumulative revision rate of 4.3% at 5 years and 4.8% at 14 years, with significantly lower revision rates in females and patients aged 55 to 64 years compared with AOANJRR data for fixed bearing designs. The RBK rotating platform TKA provides good functional outcomes, with relatively low revision and complications rates at up to 14 years follow-up. This design in conjunction with a gap balancing technique may be advantageous in certain patient subgroups.
Risk Factors for Very Preterm Births in French Guiana: The Burden of Induced Preterm Birth
Authors: Leneuve-Dorilas Malika , Favre Anne , Louis Alphonse , Bernard Stéphanie , Carles Gabriel , Nacher Mathieu 
Published: March 2019

Background Early preterm births are still represented as a major public health problem in French Guiana. The objective of the present study was to study factors associated with early preterm birth in French Guiana.
Methods A monocentric age-matched case control study was conducted at the sole level 3 maternity in French Guiana. In utero fetal deaths and multiple pregnancies were not included. Cases were defined as giving birth prematurely between 22 and 32 weeks of pregnancy. Controls were defined as women delivering on term. For each case three controls were matched on age. In utero deaths, medical pregnancy interruptions and multiple pregnancies (a known major cause of preterm delivery) were excluded from the study. Sociodemographic variables, medical and obstetrical history, the complications of the current pregnancy, and the results of the last vaginal swab before delivery were recorded in the second or the third trimester. Thematic conditional logistic regression models were computed.
Results Overall 94 cases and 282 matched controls were included. Preterm delivery was spontaneous in 47.9% (45/94) of the cases and induced in 52.1% (49/94).A history of preterm birth was associated with both spontaneous and induced preterm delivery. The absence of health insurance was associated with spontaneous early preterm delivery AOR (adjusted odd ratio) = 9.1 (2.2–38.3), p = 0.002 but not induced preterm delivery adjusted odd ratio (AOR) = 2.1 (0.6–6.7), p = 0.2. Gravidic hypertension, placenta praevia, intrauterine growth retardation and mostly preeclampsia (66%, 32/49) were linked to induced preterm delivery but not spontaneous delivery. Gardnerellavaginalis and group B Streptococcus infections were significantly associated with induced early preterm delivery but not spontaneous early preterm delivery.
Conclusions Social factors were associated with spontaneous early preterm delivery, suggesting that efforts to reduce psychosocial stressors could lead to potential improvements. Vaginal infections were also associated with induced preterm labor suggesting that early diagnosis and treatment could reduce induced early preterm delivery. Preeclampsia was a major contributor to induced early preterm delivery. Reliable routine predictors of preeclampsia are still not available which makes its prevention impossible in first pregnancies.
Cross-Leg Flaps for Lower Extremity Salvage: A Scoping Review
Authors: Van Boerum Melody Scheefer , Wright Thomas , McFarland Mary , Fiander Michelle , Pannucci Christopher J. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Background Lower extremity trauma with soft tissue loss presents a challenge to the reconstructive surgeon. Cross-leg flaps, first described by Hamilton in 1854, are still used to salvage traumatized lower extremities in patients not suitable for free tissue transfer, or those who are receiving care in locations with limited resources.
Methods A scoping review methodology was used to examine the evidence supporting the use of cross-leg flaps in modern healthcare.
Results There have been 409 cases of cross-leg flaps reported in the modern literature, with the majority of flap cases occurring outside the United States in Turkey, India, and Japan. The most common indication was trauma, mentioned in 93.2% of patients (n = 353 of 379), and anatomic limitation, including inadequate vasculature, was the main reason for not performing free tissue transfer (52.8% of patients; n = 170 of 322). The majority are cross-leg fasciocutaneous flaps (85.8%, n = 273 of 318), based off the posterior tibial artery (27.5%, n = 50 of 182) and peroneal artery (26.9%, n =  49 of 182) and, covering defects of the distal third of the leg (55.5%, n = 151 of 272), or the foot (27.9%, n = 76 of 272). The pedicles are typically divided at 3 weeks (mean 20.9 days) after external fixation is used as the immobilization method (57.7%, n = 184 of 319). Flap survival was 100% across all publications except one (n = 349 of 350 patients), making cross-leg flaps a robust and reliable reconstructive option.
Conclusion In resource-limited environments or in patients who are unsuitable for microvascular free tissue transfer, the cross-leg flap remains an impactful and reliable option for limb salvage.