bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selection, optimization and characterization of molecular tests for the detection of Tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV)
Authors: Renvoisé J. P. , Chambon F. , Gleize M. , Pradeilles N. , Garnier S. , Rolland M. 
Published: April 2019

The aim of the study was to select, optimize and characterize RT‐PCR tests for the detection of Tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV) in post‐entry quarantine. Among five different tests, the Poojari et al. (Journal of Virological Methods 235, 112–118) and Jossey & Babadoost (Plant Disease 90, 1361) conventionnal RT‐PCR tests were chosen and optimized for this purpose. Ten TRSV isolates, 17 healthy plants from the genera Vitis, Prunus and Malus, four other Nepoviruses or Secoviridae isolates and serial dilutions of three TRSV isolates were used for the complete characterization of the optimized tests. In the tested conditions, the Poojari and Jossey & Babadoost tests respectively showed 100% and 95% inclusivity, 100% and 100% exclusivity, 100% and 96.4% analytical specificity, 100% and 100% diagnostic specificity, [10−7; 10−1] and [10−8; 10−2] limit of detection dilution factors (analytical sensitivity), 91.1% and 90.0% repeatability, 90.3% and 91.1% reproducibility and 100% and 100% selectivity. Due to its higher inclusivity, the optimized Poojari test is recommended for the detection of TRSV isolates for post‐entry quarantine purposes, but can also be used for global surveys. The optimized Jossey & Babadoost test showed the best analytical sensitivity, suggesting that combining both tests can further enhance detection.
Trophic level and host specialisation affect beta‐diversity in plant–herbivore–parasitoid assemblages
Authors: Pereira Martins Lucas , Matos Medina Anderson , Lewinsohn Thomas M. , Almeida‐Neto Mário 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Herbivorous insects that feed internally on plant tissues depend on their host plants as food resource and immediate habitat. The parasitoids of these herbivores, in turn, depend both on their host herbivores and on the herbivores' host plants. Thus, we may suppose that herbivores and parasitoids must be more affected by biotic interactions (the biotic filter) than their host plants. Also, resource specialisation can mediate the importance of hosts as biotic filters, since the distribution of specialised consumers is limited to sites occupied by their few host species.

Plants and insects were sampled in remnants of the Brazilian Cerrado to address three questions: (i) Does beta‐diversity increase at higher trophic levels? (ii) Is host plant specialisation positively related to the beta‐diversity? (iii) Are trophic level effects on beta‐diversity mediated by host plant specialisation? Appropriate null models were employed to explore the importance of biotic filters associated with resources in explaining the beta‐diversity of higher trophic levels.

Beta‐diversity and host plant specialisation were lower for parasitoids than for herbivores, and total beta‐diversity did not differ between herbivores and plants. Null models revealed that the presence of host plants did not constrain overall beta‐diversity patterns. Beta‐diversity of herbivores and parasitoids, however, increased with host specialisation.

Our findings indicate that low beta‐diversity of basal trophic levels decreases the effect of biotic filters, allowing consumers to occupy several sites. We also show that the severity of biotic filters is higher for host specialists, which might explain the higher beta‐diversity of herbivores compared to parasitoids.
Heparin–LL37 complexes are less cytotoxic for human dental pulp cells and have undiminished antimicrobial and LPS‐neutralizing abilities
Authors: Yoshida K. , Suzuki S. , Kawada‐Matsuo M. , Nakanishi J. , Hirata‐Tsuchiya S. , Komatsuzawa H. , Yamada S. , Shiba H. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimTo investigate whether glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) binding to high‐dose LL37 eliminates its cytotoxicity to dental pulp cells (hDPCs) whilst retaining undiminished antimicrobial and LPS‐neutralizing abilities.MethodologyhDPCs were stimulated with varying concentrations of LL37, and their cell viability was analysed by MTT. Then, high‐dose LL37 (10 μmol L−1) was bound to varying concentrations of three GAGs, heparin, chondroitin sulphate and hyaluronic acid, and their cytotoxic effects on hDPCs and antimicrobial effects were evaluated and compared. Furthermore, the LPS‐neutralizing ability of heparin (5 μg mL−1)–LL37 (10 μmol L−1) complexes, which were found to be less cytotoxic for hDPCs with undiminished antimicrobial ability, was investigated. Statistical analysis was performed using one‐way analysis of variance (anova), followed by Dunnett's test. P values below 0.05 were considered significant.ResultsLL37 significantly reduced the cell viability of hDPCs in a dose‐dependent manner (P < 0.01). LL37 (10 μmol L−1) binding to heparin within a limited concentration range (2~6 μg mL−1) eliminated the cytotoxicity for hDPCs (P < 0.01) whilst exerting potent antimicrobial effects against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Streptococcus salivarius, Aggegatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Escherichia coli. LL37 (10 μmol L−1) binding to chondroitin sulphate exhibited similar functions (P < 0.01); however, the effective chondroitin sulphate concentration was highly restricted (3 μg mL−1). LL37 (10 μmol L−1) binding to hyaluronic acid was unable to abrogate the cytotoxicity of LL37 even at higher concentrations (10 and 100 μg mL−1). Moreover, exogenous addition of LPS dose‐dependently reduced the amount of LL37 precipitated with the heparin–LL37 agarose beads (P < 0.01), and the released LL37 simultaneously neutralized the pro‐inflammatory ability of LPS in macrophages (P < 0.01).ConclusionsHeparin–LL37 complexes generated at suitable concentration ratios are easy to make, are less cytotoxic and are broad‐range antimicrobial materials that can neutralize LPS by providing LL37 in accordance with the amount of free LPS. They may be a potential treatment to save dental pulp tissue from the acute inflammation exacerbated by invading bacteria and the LPS they release.
Flexible antiferroelectric thick film deposited on nickel foils for high energy‐storage capacitor
Authors: Zhang Ying , Li Yong , Hao Xihong , Jiang Haitao , Zhai Jiwei 
Published: April 2019

AbstractFlexible antiferroelectric (AFE) Pb0.94La0.04Zr0.97Ti0.03O3 (PLZT) thick‐film capacitors were fabricated on nickel foil substrates using sol‐gel method. The thick PLZT film shows pure perovskite phase with dense microstructure. The discharge energy‐storage properties of the thick PLZT film are directly evaluated by the resistance‐inductance‐capacitance (RLC) circuit. The maximum value of the discharge energy‐storage density (Wdis) is 15.8 J/cm3 at 1400 kV/cm and 90% of the corresponding energy is released in a short time of about 250 ns. In addition, the Wdis and discharge time could be adjusted by the bent radius of the film, which provides a simple and feasible solution for the regulation of the electrical performance. Furthermore, the flexible AFE film exhibits good mechanical properties under cycling tests with bending radii down to 2.5 mm and 1500 rounds. This work shows a critical significance in fabricating flexible AFE capacitors for application in modern electronics and electrical power systems.
Partial cation substitution of tunable blue‐cyan‐emitting Ba2B2O5:Ce3+ for near‐UV white LEDs
Authors: Bai Qiongyu , Zhao Suling , Xu Zheng , Li Panlai 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this study, Sr2+, Ca2+, Zn2+, and Mg2+ ions act to tune the emission band to the blue‐cyan region in BaxSryB2O5:Ce3+ (BSBO), BaxCazB2O5:Ce3+ (BCBO), BaxZnuB2O5:Ce3+ (BZBO), and BaxMgvB2O5:Ce3+ (BMBO) phosphors. A red shift occurs with the increase of Sr2+, Ca2+, Zn2+, and Mg2+ concentration, and a blue shift occurs when the concentrations of Sr2+, Ca2+, Zn2+, and Mg2+ exceed the critical value. The emission color can be tuned from deep blue (0.15, 0.12) to cyan (0.16, 0.27) upon 365 nm UV lamp excitation due to the crystal field splitting and centroid shifts. The excitation band shift to long wavelength by introducing ions, so that the synthesized phosphor can be better matched with the n‐UV chip. The emission intensity slowly decreases with the temperature increasing. Therefore, the BMBO:Ce3+, BZBO:Ce3+, BCBO:Ce3+, and BSBO:Ce3+ phosphors with relatively good thermal stability were synthesized, which could have potential applications in the n‐UV white LEDs.
Sufficiency and Satiable Values
Authors: Nielsen Lasse 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis article identifies value‐satiability sufficientarianism as a distinctive version of the sufficiency view, which has been ignored in the literature on distributive justice. This is unfortunate because value‐satiability sufficientarianism is much better equipped than alternative sufficiency views to cope with the standard objections against sufficiency. Most often, sufficientarianism refers to satiability as a feature of moral principles and reasons. But value‐satiability sufficientarianism also invokes satiability in the space of value‐theory, as it determines the sufficiency threshold at the point where justice‐relevant values have been completely fulfilled. The article gives examples of how this view is widely apparent in the literature, and it provides some reasons in its favour. It then presents the two standard objections against sufficientarianism – the threshold objection and the indifference objection – and argues that these critiques do not apply to value‐satiability sufficientarianism. The general argument of the article therefore proves sufficientarianism more difficult to refute than is commonly credited.
The utility of Guillain‐Barré syndrome prognostic models in Malaysian patients
Authors: Tan Cheng‐Yin , Razali Siti N. O. , Goh Khean‐Jin , Shahrizaila Nortina 
Published: April 2019

AbstractGuillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute immune‐mediated neuropathy that has variable disease course and outcome. The Erasmus GBS outcome score (EGOS), modified EGOS (mEGOS), and Erasmus GBS respiratory insufficiency score (EGRIS) are prognostic models designed to predict the functional outcome of GBS patients at 6 months (EGOS and mEGOS) and the need for mechanical ventilation within a week of admission (EGRIS). The models were primarily developed in the Dutch GBS population, and thus the usefulness of these models in other GBS cohorts is less clear. In the current study, we aimed to validate mEGOS, EGOS, and EGRIS in Malaysian GBS patients. A total of 107 patients with GBS and its variants were consecutively recruited. Patients with GBS and Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS) were analysed separately. In the GBS cohort, high mEGOS and EGOS scores were significantly correlated with poor outcome at 6 months (mEGOS on admission: r = .381, P = .005; mEGOS at day 7 of admission: r = .507, P < .001; EGOS: r = .484, P < .001). However, there were no significant correlations between mEGOS or EGOS and outcome in patients with MFS (mEGOS on admission: r = .152, P = .523; mEGOS at day 7 of admission: r = .008, P = .973; EGOS: r = .110; P = .644). The score of EGRIS for GBS patients with mechanical ventilation was significantly higher than those patients without mechanical ventilation (4 ± 2 vs 3 ± 1; P < .001). We conclude that mEGOS and EGOS are clinically useful and relevant to the Malaysian GBS population but not in patients with classic MFS. EGRIS could be used to predict the need for mechanical ventilation in our local GBS patients.
Nonvascular uses of pulsed dye laser in clinical dermatology
Authors: Forbat Emily , Al‐Niaimi Firas 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLasers are fast becoming the vogue of dermatology ranging from ablative, nonablative, fractional photothermolysis to vascular lasers. There are a range of vascular lasers including potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP 532 nm), pulsed dye laser (PDL −595 nm), diode (810 nm), and Nd:YAG (1064 nm). PDL is a laser that emits yellow light using Rhodamine dye as it is lasing medium. Typical vascular lesions which are treated by PDL include port wine stain, hemangioma, telangiectasia, spider angioma, and rosacea. This article focuses on the use of PDL beyond primary vascular conditions. We review the evidence, or lack thereof, of the use of PDL in acne vulgaris, scars, striae, warts, molluscum, psoriasis, rejuvenation, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and miscellaneous dermatological sequelae.
Associations between fatigue, sleep disturbance and eating style in adults with type 2 diabetes: A correlational study
Authors: Zhu Bingqian , Martyn‐Nemeth Pamela , Ruggiero Laurie , Park Chang G. , Zhang Yaqing , Fritschi Cynthia 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo test the hypothesis that fatigue and sleep disturbance account for a significant amount of variation in eating styles among people with type 2 diabetes (T2D).BackgroundHealthy eating is an important component of diabetes self‐care but remains a major challenge. In people with T2D, symptoms of fatigue and sleep disturbance are pervasive. However, there is limited understanding of whether fatigue and sleep disturbance are associated with eating style in people with T2D.DesignCorrelational design.MethodsThis study was reported following the STROBE checklist. Data were collected between February 2017 and January 2018. A convenience sample of 64 T2D adults completed the Three‐Factor Eating Questionnaire‐R18V2 to measure eating style (e.g., emotional eating, cognitive restraint and uncontrolled eating). Diabetes distress, fatigue and sleep disturbance were measured using validated questionnaires. Hierarchical regression analyses were performed.ResultsOnly age was a significant predictor (β = −0.344) of cognitive restraint. Participant demographics, psychological factor and health‐related factors contribute significantly to the model predicting emotional eating, but only diabetes distress was a significant predictor (β = 0.433). Introducing fatigue and poor sleep quality explained an additional 12.0% of the variation in emotional eating. The final model explained 24.9% of the variation in emotional eating; both diabetes distress (β = 0.294) and fatigue (β = 0.360) were significant predictors.ConclusionThere is a strong, independent relationship of fatigue and diabetes distress with emotional eating T2D patients. The effect of improving fatigue and diabetes distress on eating style should be explored.Relevance to clinical practiceIn clinical practice, nurses are recommended to include a detailed assessment of fatigue and distress in patients with diabetes. Additional to the conventional nutrition therapy focusing on diet advice, eating style should also be incorporated in diet education by diabetes nurses.
Ecological engineers’ nests benefit plant recovery following fire in a semiarid grassland, New Mexico, USA
Authors: Nicolai Nancy 
Published: April 2019

AbstractQuestionsAnts and rodents are recognized as ecosystem engineers worldwide creating soil‐modified nests and adjacent edges with superior resources. The influence of Dipodomys spectabilis (rat) and Pogonomyrmex rugosus (ant) on nests and edges would be similar in burned and unburned habitat on functional groups’ cover, density, number of inflorescences and species number. We hypothesize that annual and perennial dicots would recover faster on rat patches than on burned grassland, dicots and grasses would recover faster on ant patches than on burned grassland, and annual dicots would recover faster on rat than on ant patches, whereas grasses would recover faster on ant than on rat patches.LocationSemiarid grassland, Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico, USA.MethodsWe analyzed annual and perennial dicots, grasses and subshrubs in burned and unburned plots at 80 nests during cool‐ and warm‐seasons two years post‐fire. Data were collected at nest top (mound), edge, and 20 m (control) from the edge.ResultsCover, density and species richness of different functional groups were low on animal mounds in unburned and burned plots. Ant edges had greater perennial dicot cover, grass cover and richness while rat edges had lower grass density and richness than control sites at unburned and burned plots. Perennial dicot density and richness recovered faster at rat mounds and edges than control. Ant edges yielded faster recovery of grass inflorescences than control. Dicots recovered faster on rat than ant mounds whereas grasses grew faster on ant edges.ConclusionsRats create nests enhancing density of recovering dicots and ant edges facilitate reproduction of recovering grasses. Equal regeneration between animal nests and grassland occurred commonly when fire reduced grass competition. Dysochory, granivory and fire intensity may influence recovery. Nests may be sources of reestablishment and seed dispersal. Recovery of grassland may be amplified as plants infill from engineered nests.
Linking diet quality and energy demand in free‐living guanacos: an eco‐physiological innovative approach
Authors: Gregorio P. F. , Panebianco A. , Ovejero Aguilar R. , Taraborelli P. A. , Moreno P. G. , Schroeder N. M. , Leggieri L. R. , Marozzi A. A. , Carmanchahi P. D. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn adaptive terms, animals are subject to challenges imposed by their environment. To address physiological patterns in wild mammals, the non‐invasive study of glucocorticoid hormones has become the main approach through two well‐defined conceptual frameworks: one is related to stress responses, whereas another refers to the glucocorticoids as physiological mediators of the allostatic load, necessary for the maintenance of homeostasis. A key factor to analyse the physiology of wild animals is to understand the relationship between energetic demands and nutritional attributes. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of diet quality on physiological mediators of energy mobilization in two populations of wild guanacos (Lama guanicoe) from Northern Patagonia. In order to evaluate energy mobilization and its relationship with diet quality, we quantified nitrogen content and cortisol metabolite concentrations in fresh faeces. Samples were collected in two contrasting seasons (summer and winter, representing the breeding and non‐breeding seasons respectively). Summer was identified as the period of highest diet quality and energy mobilization, in both sexes and populations. We found quadratic relationships between cortisol levels and nitrogen percentage, which we hypothesize corresponds to two different factors: one of an energetic‐nutritional nature (during winter, the non‐reproductive season), and the other of an energetic‐reproductive nature (during summer, the reproductive season). Our evidence suggests variation in the administration of energy resources in guanacos in response to internal and external stimuli, giving rise to a novel Biphasic Model of energy demand. Our results reinforce the knowledge of the adaptive eco‐physiological attributes of guanaco, and we describe a new conceptual model which explains the energy management patterns for this species and possibly for other ungulates, within the breeding and non‐breeding seasons.
Accuracy and precision of age determination using growth layer groups for California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) with known ages
Authors: Rust Lauren B. , Danil Kerri , Melin Sharon R. , Wilkerson Brent 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAge determination from counts of growth layer groups (GLGs) in tooth dentine is a common method for aging marine mammals. Using known‐aged animals, we validated this method for acid etched teeth of California sea lions (CSLs), Zalophus californianus. Between 1991 and 2013, the upper left canine (n = 33) was collected opportunistically during necropsy from animals tagged or branded as pups that later died. Overall, 55%–61% of age estimates by GLG counting were within 1 yr of the known‐age in the sample of 1–30‐yr‐old CSLs. Accuracy of age estimates was found to be dependent on age of the CSLs, however. 71%–79% of age estimates were within 1 yr of the known‐age in CSLs <10 yr old. These findings support the validity of counting GLGs to estimate age for CSLs <10 yr old to within 1 yr of accuracy.
White matter changes in the perforant path area in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Mollink J. , Hiemstra M. , Miller K. L. , Huszar I. N. , Jenkinson M. , Raaphorst J. , Wiesmann M. , Ansorge O. , Pallebage‐Gamarallage M. , van Cappellen van Walsum A. M. 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that white matter degeneration of the perforant path – as part of the Papez circuit – is a key feature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), even in the absence of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) or deposition of pTDP‐43 inclusions in hippocampal granule cells.MethodsWe used diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (dMRI), polarized light imaging (PLI) and immunohistochemical analysis of post mortem hippocampus specimens from controls (n = 5) and ALS patients (n = 14) to study white matter degeneration in the perforant path.Resultsdiffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging demonstrated a decrease in fractional anisotropy (P = 0.01) and an increase in mean diffusivity (P = 0.01) in the perforant path in ALS compared to controls. PLI‐myelin density was lower in ALS (P = 0.05) and correlated with fractional anisotropy (r = 0.52, P = 0.03). These results were confirmed by immunohistochemistry; both myelin (proteolipid protein, P = 0.03) and neurofilaments (SMI‐312, P = 0.02) were lower in ALS. Two out of the fourteen ALS cases showed pTDP‐43 pathology in the dentate gyrus, but with comparable myelination levels in the perforant path to other ALS cases.ConclusionWe conclude that degeneration of the perforant path occurs in ALS patients and that this may occur before, or independent of, pTDP‐43 aggregation in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Future research should focus on correlating the degree of cognitive decline to the amount of white matter atrophy in the perforant path.
Developing a new intelligent system for the diagnosis of oral medicine with case‐based reasoning approach
Authors: Ehtesham Hamideh , Safdari Reza , Mansourian Arash , Tahmasebian Shahram , Mohammadzadeh Niloofar , Pourshahidi Sara 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveSince the clinical manifestations of many oral diseases can be quite similar despite the wide variety in etiology and pathology, the differential diagnosis of oral diseases is a complex and challenging process. Intelligent system for differential diagnosis of oral medicine using the artificial intelligence (AI) capabilities helps specialists in achieving differential diagnosis in a wide range of oral diseases.Materials and MethodsFirst, the essential data elements to design and develop an intelligent system were identified in a cross‐sectional descriptive study. The case‐based reasoning method was selected to design and implement the system, which consists of three stages: collect the clinical data, construct the cases database, and case‐based reasoning cycle. The problem is solved by CBR method in a cycle consisting of four main stages of retrieval, reuse, review, and retention. The evaluation process was conducted in a pilot‐based way through the evaluation of the system's performance in the clinical setting and also using the usability assessment questionnaire.ResultsThe output of the present project is a web‐based intelligent information system, which is developed using the Visual Studio 2015 software. The database of this system is the Microsoft SQL Server version 2012, which has been programmed based on Net framework (version 4.5 or higher) using Visual Basic language. The results of the system evaluation by specialists in clinical settings showed that the system's diagnosis power in different aspects of the disease is influenced by their prevalence and incidence.ConclusionsSystem development using the artificial intelligence capabilities and through the clinical data analysis has potential to help specialists to determine the best diagnostic strategy to achieve a differential diagnosis of a wide range of oral diseases. The results of evaluation present the potential of the system to improve the quality and efficiency of patient care.