bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extraction and structural characterization of collagen from fishbone by high intensity pulsed electric fields
Authors: He Guidan , Yan Xiaoxia , Wang Xiaodan , Wang Ying 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCollagen was extracted from fishbone by high intensity pulsed electric fields (PEF) and its structure was characterized. A maximum collagen yield of 16.13 mg/mL was achieved under the following conditions: pepsin dosage of 1%, material‐liquid ratio of 1:10, electric field strength of 20 kV/cm, and pulse number of 8. The change of each secondary structure component content was highly correlated with the PEF operating parameters (R2 > .900). The tertiary structure of collagen was changed by PEF. The surface hydrophobicity increased first and then decreased with the PEF operating parameters. Scanning electron microscopy results showed the tissues changes of sample particles from dispersed and disorganized to uniform by PEF, but the high electric field strength (>30 kV/cm) and pulse number (>8) causes samples over agglomerated, which were dispersed disorderly. This article has proposed a new approach for comprehensive utilization of fishbone, which has important research significance for the promotion of PEF.Practical ApplicationsCollagen was extracted from fishbone by high intensity pulsed electric fields. The prepared fishbone collagen can be widely used in foods, cosmetics, biology, fertilizers, medical materials, and other fields. This article provides a new technique for comprehensive utilization of fishbone. The structure of extracted collagen was characterized. This opens up a new dimension in the study of the impact of PEF technology on protein structure.
Effects of ultra‐high pressure on the biochemical properties and secondary structure of myofibrillar protein from Oratosquilla oratoria muscle
Authors: Gaoshang Li , Yanting Chen , Shifen Xuan , Mingchun Lv , Jinjie Zhang , Qiaoming Lou , Ru Jia , Yang Wenge 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOratosquilla oratoria (O. oratoria) were treated with 300, 350, and 400 MPa for 5, 8, and 10 min, respectively. The myofibrillar protein (MP) content, sulfhydryl content, Ca2+‐ATPase activity, surface hydrophobicity and secondary structure of MP were determined to investigate the effects of ultra‐high pressure (UHP) on the biochemical properties and secondary structure of MP from O. oratoria muscle. Results showed that the relatively low pressures have no significant effects on the MP content. When the pressure and holding time increased, the MP content decreased significantly. However, when the pressure condition reached 400 MPa for 10 min, the relative sulfhydryl content and Ca2+‐ATPase activity reduced to 62.76 and 47.88%, respectively, while the relative surface hydrophobicity increased to 132.20%. Moreover, as pressure increased, the β‐Turn and α‐Helix gradually converted to β‐Sheet and Random coil of MP. In short, the biochemical properties and secondary structure of MP from O. oratoria had significant correlations and they interacted with each other. These findings can provide a reference for using UHP to assist the shelling of O. oratoria.Practical applicationsUHP is an emerging food processing technology that is widely used in the processing of aquatic products, such as shelling. While whether the choice of conditions will affect the meat quality of shelled aquatic products is still less studied. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different UHP parameters on the biochemical characteristics and structure of myofibrillar protein in O. oratoria, and to determine the effects on the quality of O. oratoria meat. These results could provide theoretical guidance for determining the more suitable parameters of UHP, which was conducive to the development of O. oratoria products and the application of UHP technology in aquatic products processing.
Infliximab for very early‐onset inflammatory bowel disease: A tertiary center experience in Japan
Authors: Takeuchi Ichiro , Kaburaki Yoichiro , Arai Katsuhiro , Shimizu Hirotaka , Hirano Yuri , Nagata Satoru , Shimizu Toshiaki 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackground and AimVery early‐onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEO‐IBD), defined as IBD diagnosed before 6 years of age, tends to be refractory to conventional treatment for IBD. However, there have been a few reports about the usage of infliximab for VEO‐IBD. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of infliximab for VEO‐IBD.MethodsMedical records of a cohort of children with VEO‐IBD who had received infliximab in a Japanese tertiary children's hospital were retrospectively reviewed for their disease characteristics and clinical course. Subjects were categorized into three groups for the descriptive comparison: ulcerative colitis type (UCT), non‐UCT with perianal disease (NUC‐PD), and non‐UCT without perianal disease (NUC‐NPD).ResultsSeventeen VEO‐IBD patients (five UCT, five NUC‐PD, and seven NUC‐NPD) had received infliximab as their first biologic. In the UCT group, infliximab was continued over 54 weeks in two patients, and three eventually required surgery. In contrast, all patients in the NUC‐PD and NUC‐NPD groups followed up over 54 weeks remained on infliximab, and two of three patients and three of five patients were in remission at week 54, respectively. Infusion reactions occurred in all five UCT, three of five NUC‐PD, and two of seven NUC‐NPD patients; however, except for two patients with severe reactions, infliximab was continued with premedication and slow infusions.ConclusionsInfliximab appeared useful for children with VEO‐IBD. Children with NUC‐PD and NUC‐NPD responded better with less infusion reaction compared with that with UCT.
Long‐run Asymmetries in Labor Demand: Estimating Wage Elasticities of Labor Demand Using a Fractional Panel Probit Model
Authors: Kölling Arnd 
Published: August 2019

AbstractModels of labor demand usually use cost or production functions to derive profit‐maximizing firm performance. These models often rely on the assumption of symmetrical behavior, i.e., the response to a positive or negative wage shock of the same relative size is identical to the shock, and the estimated labor demand elasticities are the same for increasing and decreasing employment. However, behavioral economics models like loss aversion and endowment effects question the assumption of symmetry in labor demand. In addition, the influence of a labor shortage should be reflected in the investigations. Estimations of Fractional Panel Probit models for three different skill levels are applied to evaluate these findings with a large panel of German establishments. The results indicate asymmetrical structures for long‐run own‐wage elasticities and for some cross‐wage elasticities, putting some doubt on the assumption of strict rationality in labor demand and indicating the influence of labor shortages.
Two temperatures for one thermostat: The evolution of policy attitudes and support for independence in Catalonia (1991–2018)
Authors: Romero‐Vidal Xavier 
Published: August 2019

AbstractUsing data from 177 surveys, this study examines the evolution of mass preferences in Catalonia from 1991 to 2018, measuring (a) territorial preferences and (b) the central tendency of public opinion in the left–right scale. Consistent with previous research, I find that the political centre in the left–right scale of a subnational public opinion moves in an orderly manner in reaction to economics and both national and subnational incumbents. In contrast, demands for decentralization or independence do not systematically react to economic and political stimuli. Additionally, I find that, more and more, rises in support for independence are correlated with left‐wing shifts in public opinion.
Identity and functions of inorganic and inositol polyphosphates in plants
Authors: Lorenzo‐Orts Laura , Couto Daniel , Hothorn Michael 
Published: August 2019

SummaryInorganic polyphosphates (polyPs) and inositol pyrophosphates (PP‐InsPs) form important stores of inorganic phosphate and can act as energy metabolites and signaling molecules. Here we review our current understanding of polyP and inositol phosphate (InsP) metabolism and physiology in plants. We outline methods for polyP and InsP detection, discuss the known plant enzymes involved in their synthesis and breakdown, and summarize the potential physiological and signaling functions for these enigmatic molecules in plants.
Should Pearson's correlation coefficient be avoided?
Authors: Armstrong Richard A 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPurposeTo survey the use of Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) and related statistical methods in the ophthalmic literature, to consider the limitations of r, and to suggest suitable alternative methods of analysis.Recent findingsSearching Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics (OPO), Optometry and Vision Science (OVS), and Clinical and Experimental Optometry (CXO) online archives using correlation and Pearson's r as search terms resulted in 4057 and 281 hits respectively. Coefficient of determination, r square, or r squared received fewer hits (65, 8, and 22 hits respectively). The assumption that r follows a bivariate normal distribution was rarely encountered (3 hits) although several studies applied Spearman's rank correlation (70 hits). The intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC) was widely used (178 hits), but fewer hits were recorded for partial correlation (43 hits) and multiple correlation (13) hits. There was little evidence that the problem of sample size was addressed in correlation studies.SummaryInvestigators should be alert to whether: (1) the relationship between two variables could be non‐linear, (2) the data are bivariate normal, (3) r accounts for a significant proportion of the variance in Y, (4) outliers are present, the data are clustered, or have a restricted range, (5) the sample size is appropriate, and (6) a significant correlation indicates causality. In addition, the number of significant digits used to express r and the problems of multiple testing should be addressed. The problems and limitations of r suggest a more cautious approach regarding its use and the application of alternative methods where appropriate.
Pupil dilation as an implicit measure of appetitive Pavlovian learning
Authors: Pietrock Charlotte , Ebrahimi Claudia , Katthagen Teresa M. , Koch Stefan P. , Heinz Andreas , Rothkirch Marcus , Schlagenhauf Florian 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAppetitive Pavlovian conditioning is a learning mechanism of fundamental biological and pathophysiological significance. Nonetheless, its exploration in humans remains sparse, which is partly attributed to the lack of an established psychophysiological parameter that aptly represents conditioned responding. This study evaluated pupil diameter and other ocular response measures (gaze dwelling time, blink duration and count) as indices of conditioning. Additionally, a learning model was used to infer participants’ learning progress on the basis of their pupil dilation. Twenty‐nine healthy volunteers completed an appetitive differential delay conditioning paradigm with a primary reward, while the ocular response measures along with other psychophysiological (heart rate, electrodermal activity, postauricular and eyeblink reflex) and behavioral (ratings, contingency awareness) parameters were obtained to examine the relation among different measures. A significantly stronger increase in pupil diameter, longer gaze duration and shorter eyeblink duration was observed in response to the reward‐predicting cue compared to the control cue. The Pearce‐Hall attention model best predicted the trial‐by‐trial pupil diameter. This conditioned response was corroborated by a pronounced heart rate deceleration to the reward‐predicting cue, while no conditioning effect was observed in the electrodermal activity or startle responses. There was no discernible correlation between the psychophysiological response measures. These results highlight the potential value of ocular response measures as sensitive indices for representing appetitive conditioning.
Hidradenitis suppurativa: Current understanding, diagnostic and surgical challenges, and developments in ultrasound application
Authors: Elkin Kenneth , Daveluy Steven , Avanaki Kamran (Mohammad) 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is debilitating, costly, chronic disease for which no cure exists and which often precipitates greater health concerns. While we are making advances in understanding, HS remains an area of attention which is evidenced by a 400% increase in research studies involving HS in the past 5 years. This includes research regarding the advantages and limitations of ultrasound (US) imaging and its ability to enhance the surgical treatment and medical management of HS. Herein, we describe the diagnostic and surgical obstacles that HS presents, the foremost of which is detection of subclinical information, and perform an in‐depth synthesis of current knowledge regarding the use of US imaging to mitigate these obstacles.Materials and MethodsA comprehensive literature review of US imaging in HS patients and a supplementary review of the current state of HS were conducted.ConclusionUltrasound imaging is a powerful tool in the diagnosis, monitoring, clinical management, and preoperative assessment of HS. However, it also has relevant limitations that necessitate additional consideration.SignificanceHidradenitis suppurativa is a disabling skin disease that presents a diagnostic and surgical challenge. The invaluable advantages and relevant limitations that US imaging offers are beginning to be understood, leading to standardization and increased implementation. US imaging has the potential to drastically improve patient care and merits further attention.
Multiple Linear Regression Model of Rice Production using Conjugate Gradient Methods
Authors: Norddin Nur Idalisa , Mohd Ali Mohd Rivaie , Fadhilah Nurul Hafawati , Atikah Nur , Shahida Anis , Nohd Noh Nur Hidayah 
Published: August 2019

Regression is one of the basic relationship models in statistics. This paper focuses on the formation of regression models for the rice production in Malaysia by analysing the effects of paddy population, planted area, human population and domestic consumption. In this study, the data were collected from the year 1980 until 2014 from the website of the Department of Statistics Malaysia and Index Mundi. It is well known that the regression model can be solved using the least square method. Since least square problem is an unconstrained optimisation, the Conjugate Gradient (CG) was chosen to generate a solution for regression model and hence to obtain the coefficient value of independent variables. Results show that the CG methods could produce a good regression equation with acceptable Root Mean-Square Error (RMSE) value.
Regular performance feedback may be key to maintain good quality DKA management: results from a five-year study
Authors: Kempegowda Punith , Chandan Joht Singh , Coombs Benjamin , De Bray Anne , Jawahar Nitish , James Sunil , Ghosh Sandip , Narendran Parth 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesWe postulate that performance feedback is a prerequisite to ensure sustained improvement in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) management.DesignThe study was based on ‘theory of change’ concept that suggests changes of primary drivers determine the main outcome. A set of secondary drivers can be implemented to achieve improvements in these primary drivers and thus the main outcome.SettingThis study was conducted at a large tertiary care center in the West Midlands, UK. The region has above average prevalence of diabetes and DKA admissions in the country.ParticipantsAll participants diagnosed with DKA as per national guidelines, except those managed in intensive care unit from April 2014 to March 2018, were included in this study.InterventionsMonthly feedback of performance was the main intervention. Development of a real-time live DKA audit tool, automatic referral system of DKA to the specialist team, electronic monitoring of blood gas measurements and education and redesigning of local (trust) guidelines were the other interventions in this study.Main outcome measuresTotal DKA duration, appropriateness of fixed rate intravenous insulin infusion, fluid prescription, glucose monitoring, ketone monitoring and referral to specialists.ResultsThere was a significant reduction in the duration of DKA postintervention compared with baseline results. However, in the absence of regular feedback, the duration of DKA showed an upward trend nearing baseline values. Similar trends were noted in secondary drivers influencing DKA duration.ConclusionBased on these results, we recommend regular audit and feedback is required to sustain improvements in DKA management.
Optimising computerised decision support to transform medication safety and reduce prescriber burden: study protocol for a mixed-methods evaluation of drug–drug interaction alerts
Authors: Baysari Melissa T , Zheng Wu Yi , Li Ling , Westbrook Johanna , Day Richard O , Hilmer Sarah , Van Dort Bethany Annemarie , Hargreaves Andrew , Kennedy Peter , Monaghan Corey , Doherty Paula , Draheim Michael , Nair Lucy , Samson Ruby 
Published: August 2019

IntroductionDrug–drug interaction (DDI) alerts in hospital electronic medication management (EMM) systems are generated at the point of prescribing to warn doctors about potential interactions in their patients’ medication orders. This project aims to determine the impact of DDI alerts on DDI rates and on patient harm in the inpatient setting. It also aims to identify barriers and facilitators to optimal use of alerts, quantify the alert burden posed to prescribers with implementation of DDI alerts and to develop algorithms to improve the specificity of DDI alerting systems.Methods and analysisA controlled pre-post design will be used. Study sites include six major referral hospitals in two Australian states, New South Wales and Queensland. Three hospitals will act as control sites and will implement an EMM system without DDI alerts, and three as intervention sites with DDI alerts. The medical records of 280 patients admitted in the 6 months prior to and 6 months following implementation of the EMM system at each site (total 3360 patients) will be retrospectively reviewed by study pharmacists to identify potential DDIs, clinically relevant DDIs and associated patient harm. To identify barriers and facilitators to optimal use of alerts, 10–15 doctors working at each intervention hospital will take part in observations and interviews. Non-identifiable DDI alert data will be extracted from EMM systems 6–12 months after system implementation in order to quantify alert burden on prescribers. Finally, data collected from chart review and EMM systems will be linked with clinically relevant DDIs to inform the development of algorithms to trigger only clinically relevant DDI alerts in EMM systems.Ethics and disseminationThis research was approved by the Hunter New England Human Research Ethics Committee (18/02/21/4.07). Study results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at local and international conferences and workshops.
Childhood adversity and deliberate self-poisoning in Sri Lanka: a protocol for a hospital-based case–control study
Authors: Knipe Duleeka W , Bandara Piumee , Senarathna Lalith , Kidger Judi , López-López José , Rajapakse Thilini 
Published: August 2019

IntroductionChildhood adversity (CA) has been suggested as a key risk factor for suicidal behaviour, but evidence from low/middle-income countries is lacking. In Sri Lanka, CA, in the form of child maltreatment or as a consequence of maternal separation, has been highlighted in primarily qualitative or case series work, as a potentially important determinant of suicidal behaviour. To date, there have been no quantitative studies to investigate CA as a key exposure associated with suicidal behaviour in Sri Lanka. The aim of the research is to understand the association between CA and suicidal behaviour in Sri Lanka and to identify potentially modifiable factors to reduce any observed increased risk of suicidal behaviour associated with CA.Methods and analysisThis is a hospital-based case–control study. Cases (n=200) will be drawn from individuals admitted to the medical toxicology ward of the Teaching Hospital Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, for medical management of intentional self-poisoning. Sex and age frequency-matched controls (n=200) will be recruited from either patients or accompanying visitors presenting at the outpatient department and clinic of the same hospital for conditions unrelated to the outcome of interest. Conditional logistic regression will be used to investigate the association between CA and deliberate self-poisoning and whether the association is altered by other key factors including socioeconomic status, psychiatric morbidity, current experiences of domestic violence and social support.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval has been obtained from the Ethical Review Committee of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. Researchers have been trained in administering the questionnaire and a participant safety and distress protocol has been designed to guide researchers in ensuring participant safety and how to deal with a distressed participant. Results will be disseminated in local policy fora and peer-reviewed articles, local media, and national and international conferences.
Passive enhanced safety surveillance of GSK’s quadrivalent seasonal influenza vaccine in Belgium, Germany and Spain, an observational study: protocol for the 2018/2019 influenza season
Authors: Dos Santos Gaël , Yeakey Anne , Shende Vishvesh , Smith Katie , Lin Frederic , Zandman-van-Dijk Elvira , Damaso Silvia , Schmidt Alexander 
Published: August 2019

IntroductionThe European Medicines Agency requires Marketing Authorisation Holders providing seasonal influenza vaccines in Europe to conduct enhanced safety surveillance accounting for the different age groups based on the vaccine indication, in order to detect any potential increase of local and systemic adverse reactions early in an influenza season. To comply with this requirement, a multicountry European passive enhanced safety surveillance study has been set up to capture and assess adverse events occurring within 7 days following seasonal influenza vaccination. Here we share our surveillance protocol for the 2018/2019 influenza season.MethodsNine healthcare professionals (HCPs) in Belgium, Germany and Spain have been recruited for this study. Cumulatively, approximately 1000 vaccinees will be provided with customised adverse event recording cards to report adverse events experienced within 7 days following vaccination with GSK’s split-virion inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine. The cards are to be returned to the HCPs and the events encoded using an electronic case report form. Adverse event reporting rates will be analysed weekly and cumulatively, throughout the study period. Event rates will be described by country, age group and by influenza morbidity/mortality risk status of vaccinees (based on HCP assessment).Ethics and disseminationEthics committee approval was obtained for all participating sites prior to enrolment of the study participants. At the end of the study, each participating site will receive their data, and the outputs from the research will be made available to regulatory authorities. We intend to seek publication in peer-reviewed journals. GSK has posted a summary of the study protocol before the start of the study and results will be posted within 12 months of statistical analysis completion, in line with the National Institutes of Health recommendations.Trial registration numberNCT03688620.