bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavioral and clinical signs of Chiari‐like malformation‐associated pain and syringomyelia in Cavalier King Charles spaniels
Authors: Rusbridge Clare , McFadyen Angus K. , Knower Susan P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundDiagnosis of Chiari‐like malformation‐associated pain (CM‐P) or clinically relevant syringomyelia (SM) is challenging. We sought to determine common signs.AnimalsOne hundred thirty client‐owned Cavalier King Charles spaniels with neuroaxis magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diagnosis of CM‐P/SM. Dogs with comorbidities causing similar signs were excluded with exception of otitis media with effusion (OME).MethodsRetrospective study of medical records relating signalment, signs, and MRI findings. Dogs were grouped by SM maximum transverse diameter (1 = no SM; 2 = 0.5‐1.99 mm; 3 = 2‐3.9 mm: 4 = ≥4 mm). Differences between all groups—groups 1 versus 2‐4 and groups 1‐3 versus 4—were investigated. Continuous variables were analyzed using 2‐samplet‐tests and analysis of variance. Associations between categorical variables were analyzed using Fisher's exact or chi‐square tests.ResultsCommon signs were vocalization (65.4%), spinal pain (54.6%), reduced activity (37.7%), reduced stairs/jumping ability (35.4%), touch aversion (30.0%), altered emotional state (28.5%), and sleep disturbance (22%). Head scratching/rubbing (28.5%) was inversely associated with syrinx size (P= .005), less common in group 4 (P= .003), and not associated with OME (P= .977). Phantom scratching, scoliosis, weakness, and postural deficits were only seen in group 4 (SM ≥4 mm;P= .004).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceSigns of pain are common in CM/SM but are not SM‐dependent, suggesting (not proving) CM‐P causality. Wide (≥4 mm) SM is associated with signs of myelopathy and, if the dorsal horn is involved, phantom scratching (ipsilateral) and torticollis (shoulder deviated ipsilateral; head tilt contralateral).
Correlations among tracheal dimensions, tracheal stent dimensions, and major complications after endoluminal stenting of tracheal collapse syndrome in dogs
Authors: Violette Nathaniel P. , Weisse Chick , Berent Allyson C. , Lamb Kenneth E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundEndoluminal tracheal stenting can relieve signs associated with tracheal collapse syndrome (TCS) in dogs, but major complications can result.ObjectiveTo identify associations among tracheal dimensions, stent dimensions, and subsequent complications requiring additional stent placement after endoluminal stenting for TCS.AnimalsFifty‐two dogs from the hospital population.MethodsMedical records of dogs that received an endoluminal self‐expanding tracheal stent for TCS by the interventional radiology service between 2009 and 2014 were reviewed for relevant data. Signalment and clinical details, including tracheal collapse type, tracheal measurements, nominal stent dimensions, follow‐up evaluation times, and stent complications, were recorded.ResultsFifty‐two dogs that received an endoluminal stent for TCS met the inclusion criteria. Major complications included stent fracture (13/52; 25%), obstructive tissue ingrowth (10/52; 19%), and progressive tracheal collapse (6/52; 12%). Natural tracheal taper (P= .04) and more stent diameter oversizing (P= .04) in the intrathoracic (IT) trachea were associated with caudodorsal stent fracture. Only stents with a 14‐mm nominal diameter fractured. Progressive tracheal collapse was associated with smaller maximum tracheal diameters (P= .02). The majority of dogs with obstructive tissue ingrowth (7/10; 70%;P= .30) and all dogs with thoracic inlet fractures (3/3; 100%) had tracheal malformations.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceA higher taper in tracheal diameter may lead to increased risk of fracture in the IT location. Dogs with tracheal malformations may have higher risk for thoracic inlet fracture and development of obstructive tissue ingrowth. Clinicians should be aware of the possible risk factors for tracheal stent complications.
31° South: The physiology of adaptation to arid conditions in a passerine bird
Authors: Ribeiro Ângela M. , Puetz Lara , Pattinson Nicholas B. , Dalén Love , Deng Yuan , Zhang Guojie , da Fonseca Rute R. , Smit Ben , Gilbert M. Thomas P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractArid environments provide ideal ground for investigating the mechanisms of adaptive evolution. High temperatures and low water availability are relentless stressors for many endotherms, including birds; yet birds persist in deserts. While physiological adaptation probably involves metabolic phenotypes, the underlying mechanisms (plasticity, genetics) are largely uncharacterized. To explore this, we took an intraspecific approach that focused on a species that is resident over a mesic to arid gradient, the Karoo scrub‐robin (Cercotrichas coryphaeus). Specifically, we integrated environmental (climatic and primary productivity), physiological (metabolic rates: a measure of energy expenditure), genotypic (genetic variation underlying the machinery of energy production) and microbiome (involved in processing food from where energy is retrieved) data, to infer the mechanism of physiological adaptation. We that found the variation in energetic physiology phenotypes and gut microbiome composition are associated with environmental features as well as with variation in genes underlying energy metabolic pathways. Specifically, we identified a small list of candidate adaptive genes, some of them with known ties to relevant physiology phenotypes. Together our results suggest that selective pressures on energetic physiology mediated by genes related to energy homeostasis and possibly microbiota composition may facilitate adaptation to local conditions and provide an explanation to the high avian intraspecific divergence observed in harsh environments.
Epithelioid Haemangioendothelioma of the tongue – a case report and review
Authors: Leader R. , Adair S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe report a rare case of intra‐oral Epithelioid Haemangioendothelioma (EHE) in a 68 year old Caucasian female. EHE is a rare, well‐differentiated, malignant vascular endothelial neoplasm of varying biologic behaviour. This tumour generally arises in soft tissue as a solitary lesion and has a predilection to the lower extremities but can be present elsewhere. Histological diagnosis of this entity has provided difficulties in the past especially with that of Epithelioid Haemangioma (EH).
Probability of Low‐Altitude Midair Collision Between General Aviation and Unmanned Aircraft
Authors: la Cour‐Harbo Anders , Schiøler Henrik 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUnmanned aircrafts (UA) usually fly below 500 ft to be segregated from manned aircraft. However, while general aviation (GA) usually do fly above 500 ft in areas where UA are allowed to operate, GA will at times also fly below 500 ft. Consequently, there is a distinct risk of near‐miss encounters as well as actual midair collisions (MACs). This work presents a model for determining this risk based on physical parameters of the aircraft and actual figures for the numbers of GA in a given airspace, as well as the probability of having GA below 500 ft. The aim is to achieve a prediction with a precision better than one order of magnitude relative to the true MAC rate value. The model is applied to Danish airspace and the MAC rate for unmitigated operations of UA is found to be approximately 10−6 MAC per flight hour. The model is particularly well suited for beyond visual line‐of‐sight operations, and is useful for UA operators for conducting risk assessment of planned operations as well as for regulators for determining appropriate operational requirements.
“Chemophobia” Today: Consumers’ Knowledge and Perceptions of Chemicals
Authors: Saleh Rita , Bearth Angela , Siegrist Michael 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis mixed‐methods study investigated consumers’ knowledge of chemicals in terms of basic principles of toxicology and then related this knowledge, in addition to other factors, to their fear of chemical substances (i.e., chemophobia). Both qualitative interviews and a large‐scale online survey were conducted in the German‐speaking part of Switzerland. A Mokken scale was developed to measure laypeople's toxicological knowledge. The results indicate that most laypeople are unaware of the similarities between natural and synthetic chemicals in terms of certain toxicological principles. Furthermore, their associations with the term “chemical substances” and the self‐reported affect prompted by these associations are mostly negative. The results also suggest that knowledge of basic principles of toxicology, self‐reported affect evoked by the term “chemical substances,” risk‐benefit perceptions concerning synthetic chemicals, and trust in regulation processes are all negatively associated with chemophobia, while general health concerns are positively related to chemophobia. Thus, to enhance informed consumer decisionmaking, it might be necessary to tackle the stigmatization of the term “chemical substances” as well as address and clarify prevalent misconceptions.
As you like it: Explaining the popularity of life‐cycle funds with multi cumulative prospect theory
Authors: Graf Stefan , Ruß Jochen , Schelling Stefan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLife‐cycle (or target‐date) funds are funds, which typically decrease their risk exposure over time. They have been very successful in many countries, particularly in the segment of old age provision. However, Expected Utility Theory (EUT) cannot explain their popularity. Moreover, recent results of Graf (2016), imply that not only EUT but also its behavioral counterpart Cumulative Prospect Theory (CPT) is often not able to explain the popularity of these products, since for each life‐cycle fund a corresponding balanced fund can be constructed, which is preferable from the investor's perspective in most circumstances. In a recent paper, Ruß and Schelling (2018), have argued that potential future changes in an investment's value already impact the decision of long‐term investors at outset. Based on this, they have introduced Multi Cumulative Prospect Theory (MCPT), which is based on CPT and considers the subjective utility generated by annual value changes. This paper shows that for MCPT‐investors, life‐cycle funds are typically more attractive than their corresponding balanced funds since they reduce the potential losses toward the end of the investment horizon. Hence, our findings provide an explanation for inferior decisions in old age provision. This can serve as a basis to improve such decisions.
Intermediate good sourcing, wages and inequality: From theory to evidence
Authors: Luck Philip 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper examines the consequences of offshoring and outsourcing on domestic wages and wage inequality. I highlight the role of labor market frictions in impacting firms’ outsourcing and offshoring decisions; specifically, how differential costs of matching with workers affect the location of production (onshore or offshore) and how differential costs of assessing worker quality affect the ownership of intermediate production (intra‐firm or inter‐firm). I demonstrate how firm sourcing decisions can depend crucially on the industry skill intensity, which reflects the importance of worker–firm match quality, and as a result, the effect of offshoring on domestic labor depends on occupation and industry characteristics, as well as the ownership regime of trade. Bringing the theory to the data I rely on plausibly exogenous variation in the cost of inter‐ and intra‐firm offshoring to identify the effects of a change in each type of offshoring on domestic wages. I find strong evidence that the effect of offshoring on domestic wages—both on the average and on the wage distribution—is governed by the type of offshoring (inter‐ vs. intra‐firm), the skill intensity of the industry, and the offshorability of the occupation.
Implementing undergraduate quality improvement
Authors: Martin Martha , Wylie Ann , Dubras Louise , McKee Anne , Sethi Gulshan 
Published: July 2019

SummaryBackgroundAll clinicians need to have knowledge and expertise to undertake quality improvement (QI). In 2016, a London medical school initiated a core QI and evidence‐based practice module for fourth‐year students. We describe the structure and content of the module and analyse QI projects (QIPs) and student feedback.MethodsWe collected data on QIPs, including number and location, adherence to QI methodology and level of improvement achieved. We also examined end‐of‐module feedback with free text analysis of the written comments.ResultsA total of 398 students completed 99 QIPs: 90% were based in secondary care and 10% were based in primary care. A total of 72 projects (72%) led to improvements in clinical care, with 14% achieving their stated aim. Adherence to methodology was high: 75% had a ‘SMART (specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and timely)’ aim; 96% implemented at least one plan–do–study–act (PDSA) cycle (range 1–4), and appropriate run charts for measures occurred in 80% of projects. QIPs were categorised based on their outcome: self‐help and self‐care, 12%; efficiency, 16%; prevention and early detection, 14%; drug safety, 11%; improvement to pathways and protocols, 44%; and improving patient experience 3%. The implementation challenges encountered were: suboptimal supervisor preparedness; student time limitations; and difficulties with the virtual learning platform. However, the experiences that QIPs offered in preparation for postgraduate training were appreciated by students.ConclusionsWe have demonstrated that students are able to robustly apply QI methodologies, equipping them to act as agents for change, learning as they do, and meaningfully improving QI capacity and capability in local health systems.
Aggressive Epstein‐Barr virus‐negative B‐cell post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder in a hepatitis C‐negative liver transplant recipient who received a hepatitis C‐positive graft: Implications for D+/R− hepatitis C virus seroconversion
Authors: Kutzler Heather L. , Collins Katrina , Maneckshana Bejon , Rochon Caroline , Einstein Michael , Mnayer Laila , Rezuke William N. , Sheiner Patricia , Serrano Oscar K. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPost‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is an uncommon, but well‐described complication after liver transplantation. Most recently, Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been implicated in the development of PTLD. A HCV‐negative 62‐year‐old man with autoimmune hepatitis received a HCV nucleic acid amplification test‐positive liver graft from a 73‐year‐old brain‐dead donor (D+/R−). After his recovery from the operation, the patient was treated for HCV and achieved an undetectable viral load. He was readmitted 6 months after transplant with a spontaneous perisplenic hematoma, weight loss, failure to thrive, low‐grade fevers, and abnormal liver function tests. He had a rapid clinical deterioration and expired shortly after admission. His liver biopsy demonstrated EBV‐negative monomorphic B‐cell PTLD. Our case is the first to report an aggressive early‐onset EBV‐negative monomorphic B‐cell PTLD in a HCV D+/R− liver transplant. This case illustrates the paucity of knowledge on HCV seroconversion and its involvement in EBV‐negative monomorphic B‐cell PTLD development.
Effects of short‐ and long‐term administration of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs on osteotomy healing in dogs
Authors: Gallaher Hayley M. , Butler James R. , Wills Robert W. , Priddy Lauren B. , Elder Steven H. , Heller Sarah M. , Brinkman Erin , Baumgartner Wes 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the influence of short‐term administration of carprofen on bone healing in dogs.Study designRandomized controlled experimental study.AnimalsEighteen purpose‐bred sexually mature hound dogs.MethodsTibial osteotomies were performed, and dogs were divided into three groups: no carprofen (n = 6), 2‐week administration of carprofen at 2.2 mg/kg twice daily (n = 6), and 8‐week administration of carprofen at 2.2 mg/kg twice daily (n = 5). Bone healing was evaluated radiographically at 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively. Postmortem, fracture healing was assessed via biomechanical testing (three‐point bending), histological cartilage:callus ratio, and bone mineral density (BMD) with quantitative computed tomography.ResultsNo biomechanical difference was detected between dogs that received no carprofen and those that received 2 weeks of carprofen or between those that received 2 weeks vs 8 weeks of carprofen. Stiffness (P = .035) and maximum stress (P = .042) were higher in dogs that received no carprofen than in those that received 8 weeks of carprofen. Radiographic healing did not differ between dogs without carprofen and those with 2‐week administration of carprofen (P = .9923). However, tibias of dogs without carprofen and those with 2‐week administration of carprofen were more healed compared with those in the 8‐week‐carprofen group at 4 and 8 weeks after surgery (P = .0011). No treatment effect was detected by cartilage:callus ratio or BMD.ConclusionLong‐term administration of carprofen had a negative effect on bone healing compared with short‐term or no administration of carprofen.Clinical significanceNonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs should be used cautiously in dogs at risk for delayed bone healing, and administration should be discontinued beyond the perioperative period in dogs with fractures or osteotomies.
Crossroads of geology in New Harmony, with a guide to historically significant Mississippian and Pennsylvanian exposures in south central and southwestern Indiana
Authors: Elliott William S. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
The historic town of New Harmony is located along the Wabash River in Posey County, Indiana, and served as a focal point for natural scientists, especially geologists, in the early nineteenth century. Notable geologists that lived and worked in New Harmony during this time include Edward Travers Cox, William Maclure, Fielding Bradford Meek, Joseph Granville Norwood, David Dale Owen, Richard Dale Owen, Benjamin Franklin Shumard, Gerard Troost, and Amos Henry Worthen. Other natural scientists who worked in New Harmony include Charles Alexandre Lesueur and Thomas Say, and the town was also visited by James Hall, Leo Lesquereux, Sir Charles Lyell, and Alexander Philipp Maximilian, Prince of Wied.
The purpose of this field-trip guide is to highlight the scientific and geologic enterprise that operated in nineteenth-century New Harmony, Indiana. There will be a tour of historic buildings including laboratories used by David Dale Owen, such as the Rapp-Owen Granary and his fourth laboratory, which was constructed in 1859. Furthermore, field-trip participants will visit a new geology exhibit at the Working Men’s Institute, an organization established by William Maclure in 1838. The field excursion will also visit historically significant localities, including Mississippian and Pennsylvanian exposures, the type section of the West Franklin Limestone, and a Pennsylvanian paleobotanical site that yielded extensive collections of plant fossils in the mid-nineteenth century.
Finally, this field trip will provide an opportunity to discuss the importance of art to geological studies in the early nineteenth century. Specifically, hand-colored geologic maps, cross sections, and renderings of fossils were included with many of the scientific reports of historic New Harmony, and are reflected by the superb artwork of Charles Alexandre Lesueur, David Dale Owen, and Thomas Say. Access to view their original scientific artwork is possible only through special arrangement with the Working Men’s Institute.
Karst geology and hydrogeology of the Mitchell Plateau of south-central Indiana
Authors: Florea* Lee J. , Hasenmueller Nancy R. , Branam Tracy D. , Frushour Samuel S. , Powell Richard L. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
The Mitchell Plateau of south-central Indiana is one of the iconic karst landscapes of the United States. The sinkhole-dimpled forests, fields, and farms; the extensive cave systems; and the deep windows into the groundwater system have fostered curiosity, exploration, and publication since the mid-1800s. This paper is designed to complement a field excursion to the classic features of this landscape. Included are literature reviews focused on three karst basins of the Mitchell Plateau: Mill Creek–Mosquito Creek, Bluespring Caverns, and Lost River. Geomorphic, hydrologic, and geochemical data are synthesized in the modern context of our understanding of epigenetic karst. Revealed are three styles of karst basin: (1) small, shallow karst aquifers strongly controlled by meteoric recharge and epikarst percolation; (2) intermediate-size karst aquifers with significant base flow and surface-water–groundwater interaction; and (3) regional aquifer systems with outcrop belt recharge, downdip transport into confinement with long water-rock interaction times, and artesian flow or entrainment of mineralized waters through fractures into springs or surface waters. Quaternary glaciation has greatly influenced the vertical position of base level through river incision and sediment aggradation; conduit development is controlled by proximity to the major rivers and the stratigraphic position of conduits.
Coastal dune environments of southeastern Lake Michigan: Geomorphic histories and contemporary processes
Authors: DeVries-Zimmerman* Suzanne J. , Hansen Edward C. , Fisher Timothy G. , Bodenbender Brian E. , Yurk Brian P. , van Dijk Deanna 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
This field guide discusses the dune types and processes, ecology, and geomorphic history of the largest freshwater dune systems on the southeastern shore of Lake Michigan. From north to south, stops include P.J. Hoffmaster State Park, Gilligan Lake/Green Mountain Beach Dune, Saugatuck Harbor Natural Area, and Grand Mere and Warren Dunes State Parks, Michigan. All of the sites are low, perched transgressive dune complexes. Moving from the lake inland, the typical dune complex in this area consists of incipient foredunes, an established foredune ridge, a parabolic dune complex, and a back-dune ridge complex. All stages of ecological succession are typically present in the larger dune complexes. Surface changes in Lake Michigan dunes are driven by spatial gradients in sand flux, which, in turn, are determined by a complex interaction among wind dynamics, vegetation patterns, and preexisting topography. Surface change patterns are modified by seasonal effects, with the majority of sand transport being associated with strong storms in the autumn, winter, and early spring. Sand can be temporarily stored in niveolian deposits during the winter, leading to oversteepened slopes, which collapse during the spring thaw. Current dune complexes largely formed during and after the rise in lake levels to the Nipissing high lake level, ca. 4.5 ka. Broad fields of relatively low dunes developed during the lake-level drop following the Nipissing high. Beginning with the rise to the Algoma high lake level, ca. 3.2 ka, the lakeward edges of these fields were episodically reworked, forming large parabolic dune complexes. A period of widespread dune stability formed the Holland Paleosol, a spodic inceptisol. Dune growth and migration resumed prior to European settlement of the area and continues today. Foredune complexes grow wider and higher during periods of low lake levels, but narrow during periods of high lake level due to scarping at their lakeward edges.
The Quaternary geology of the southern Chicago metropolitan area: The Chicago outlet, morainic systems, glacial chronology, and Kankakee Torrent
Authors: Curry B. Brandon , Caron Olivier J. , Thomason Jason F. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
The Eagle Lake basin was formed by collapse of the ablating Lake Michigan lobe over a tunnel valley and subsequent reoccupation of the collapse basin by the lobe during local final phase of glaciation. Latest collapse occurred prior to about 16,250 but after 18,600 cal yr B.P. A hydrologically open lake occupied Eagle Lake basin from 16,250 cal yr B.P. to the present. The lake was described in 1834 by the original land survey, but was drained for agriculture by 1939.