bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are algorithms always fair? The study on public preferences toward algorithmic decision‐making: A case study from the perspectives of decision scenarios and social roles
Authors: Wang Bing , Luo Longxiang , Wang Xiuli 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe integration of algorithmic decision‐making into daily life gives rise to a need to understand public attitudes toward this phenomenon. This study uses online experiments to explore how decision scenarios and roles influence public preferences for algorithms. In‐depth interviews were conducted to examine interpretations of algorithmic fairness. The findings indicate a preference for algorithms, yet a stronger preference for human decision‐making in ethically complex scenarios. Decision‐makers demonstrate greater acceptance of algorithms. Participants perceive algorithmic fairness from social and technical perspectives, emphasizing autonomy and transparency. Despite a general preference for algorithms, concerns persist, revealing a nuanced view of algorithmic fairness as a form of societal power.
Business forms and business performance in UK manufacturing 1871–81
Authors: Foreman‐Peck James , Hannah Leslie 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe explore which business forms were predominant in the later Victorian economy and why some forms were more effective among large British manufacturing firms during this period. With a dataset of 483 manufacturing firms in 1881 that either employed at least 1000 or had done so a decade earlier, we find that the great majority were partnerships. Public corporations attained higher capital–labour ratios and stronger employment growth than other business forms. The separation of ownership from control was most effective where it was most thoroughly practised, as by public, in contrast to private, corporations. Engineers were frequently encountered in all business forms and associated with expanding employment. But the large public manufacturing corporations employed almost twice the proportion of engineers and professionals in top management as other enterprises. Family firms, proxied by heirs, were present in management of three‐quarters of partnerships but in only one‐third of public corporations. Heirs reduced the employment growth of the firm, whereas engineers boosted it. Lords, mayors, and landed wealth in management were also associated with faster employment growth of enterprises.
Corporate social responsibility and earnings management: The moderating effect of CEO personality traits
Authors: Khanchel Imen , Lassoued Naima , Souguir Zahra 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe debate surrounding the influence of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on earnings management (EM) remains inconclusive, featuring two opposing perspectives. The opportunistic viewpoint suggests that CEOs use CSR as a tool for manipulating earnings, employing it as a strategic shield to conceal opportunistic behavior. Conversely, the ethical viewpoint posits that CSR aims to cultivate trust with stakeholders, promoting long‐term performance while avoiding EM. This paper aims to address this question by considering the role of psychological traits. Specifically, we examine the relationship between CSR and EM and investigate whether psychological traits moderate this relationship. Using a sample of 318 firms from the S&P 500 index from 2015 to 2019, the results show that CSR has a positive impact on EM, indicating that CSR creates more favorable conditions for EM and supporting the opportunistic behavior hypothesis. Furthermore, CEO narcissism moderates the relationship between CSR and EM, influencing an increase in income. Finally, CEO hubris positively moderates the relationship between CSR and both the absolute value of discretionary accruals and positive discretionary accruals. Our findings lead us to the conclusion that narcissistic or hubristic CEOs reinforce the opportunistic behavior hypothesis.
Relation Between Striations Spacing and Fatigue Crack Growth Rates for Additive Manufactured Inconel 625
Authors: Fiorentin Felipe Klein , Dantas Rita , Darabi Roya , Lesiuk Grzegorz , Figueiredo Miguel , de Castro Paulo Tavares , de Jesus Abílio 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe principles of the mechanisms for fatigue crack propagation in metals have been established several decades ago. By definition, fatigue might be summarized as a damage process imparted to a material under the action of cyclic loads. The relation between fatigue crack growth rates (FCGRs) and formation of striation marks has been a controversial topic. Some authors stated that, in certain fatigue regimes, several fatigue cycles are required to form a single striation. The disagreement found was the motivation for the present work. This study's main goal is to provide a comparison between the striation spacing and the respective FCGR. These analyses will be performed in a Nickel superalloy, Inconel 625, obtained via directed energy deposition. Investigation of the striations spacing are compared with data obtained from FCGR tests. A good agreement between striation spacing and FCGRs was found to intermediate and large values of stress intensity factor.
Interpreting Step‐Drawdown Pumping Test Undergoing Confined‐Unconfined Conversion with Well Loss
Authors: Zhang Lu , Zhao Hua , Wang Ling , Liu Jianmei , Zhu Qi , Li Na , Wen Zhang , Wang Yizhao , Wang Dian 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe step‐drawdown pumping test often experiences a transition from confined to unconfined conditions due to the continuously increasing pumping rate. However, the current well hydraulics model has not accurately interpreted this phenomenon. In this study, we developed an analytical solution to address the confined‐unconfined conversion in step‐drawdown pumping tests based on Girinskii's potential and superposition theory. Additionally, a field step‐drawdown pumping test featuring confined‐unconfined conversion was conducted to apply the proposed analytical solution. The particle swarm optimization algorithm was employed to simultaneously estimate multiple parameters. The results demonstrate that the newly proposed solution provides a better fit to the observed drawdown in the pumping well compared to previous models. The hydrogeological parameters (K, S), well loss coefficient (B), and critical time for confined‐unconfined conversion (tc) were estimated to be K = 7.15 m/d, S = 6.65 × 10−5, B = 7.48 × 10−6, and tc = 1152 min, respectively. Neglecting the confined‐unconfined conversion in step‐drawdown pumping tests leads to underestimation of drawdown inside the pumping well due to an overestimation of the aquifer thickness. After the conversion from confined to unconfined conditions, the estimated well loss coefficient decreased by 88% compared to its pre‐conversion value. This highlights the necessity of adjusting the well loss coefficient in the step‐drawdown pumping test model to account for confined‐unconfined conversion. In summary, this study introduces a new method for interpreting parameters in step‐drawdown pumping tests and provides field validation for its effectiveness.
The haemophilia joint health score for the assessment of joint health in patients with haemophilia
Authors: Ay Cihan , Mancuso Maria Elisa , Matino Davide , Strike Karen , Pasta Gianluigi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe haemophilia joint health score (HJHS) is a tool used to assess joint changes in patients with haemophilia. There is lack of consensus on the interpretation of HJHS scores and their clinical relevance.AimTo evaluate available literature reporting HJHS changes over time and assess a possible cut‐off value for clinically relevant outcomes and the ideal follow‐up for a meaningful score change.MethodsWe conducted a literature search of studies published between 2011 and 2023 where the HJHS version 2.1 had been adopted to detect changes in joint health in patients with haemophilia. We focused on studies that assessed clinical relevance of HJHS changes, evaluated the use of cut‐off values and reported a follow‐up over time.ResultsOur search identified 213 publications of which 53 (25%) were deemed relevant for this review. Of these, 33 (62%) publications reported the total HJHS score and 20 (38%) reported a single joint HJHS score, while the way of reporting HJHS scores/change was highly variable. Ten publications (19%) assessed clinical relevance, but their methods of calculation differed (defining a cut‐off score, measuring standardised response mean or minimal detectable change). The follow‐up duration varied from 2 weeks to 8 years in these 10 studies.ConclusionsHigh variability in assessing HJHS change over time is the primary consequence of its low sensitivity, and the lack of consensus on interpretation and clinical relevance of the score. Therefore, more sensitive tools should be used alongside HJHS to better define the joint health status of patients with haemophilia.
Unveiling the dynamics of hepatitis C virus transmission among injection drug users and men who have sex with men: A comprehensive study in Japan
Authors: Phyo Zayar , Tanaka Satoshi , Sugiyama Aya , Ko Ko , Takahashi Kazuaki , Mirzaev Ulugbek Khudayberdievich , Akuffo Golda Ataa , Chhoung Chanroth , Akita Tomoyuki , Kozuki Miho , Sakamori Ryotaro , Tanaka Junko 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAimIn Japan, despite low nationwide hepatitis C (HCV) incidence, new infections among people who inject drugs (PWID) and men who have sex with men (MSM) hinder HCV elimination. We explored HCV transmission dynamics and screened HCV recombination within these populations.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study recruited HCV‐infected patients from Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan, from January 2010 to September 2023. Data from questionnaires and medical records were analyzed. Serum samples collected before anti‐HCV treatment underwent HCV RNA extraction, and sequencing of full core (576 bp) and NS5B (267 bp) regions using the Sanger method. Genotype distribution was determined by phylogenetic analysis, and recombinant screening was conducted.ResultsA total of 115 patients were categorized into non‐MSM PWID (31), MSM PWID (15), MSM non‐PWID (25), and non‐MSM non‐PWID (44). Positive amplification rates were 99.1% (114/115) for the full‐core region, and 96.5% (111/115) for NS5B. No intergenotypic recombination was detected. The predominant genotype in non‐MSM PWID was 2a (58%), whereas genotype 1b was most common in MSM PWID, MSM non‐PWID, and non‐MSM non‐PWID groups (79%, 64%, and 68%, respectively). Nucleotide sequence similarity of 94.75%–100% was found in HCV strains from MSM PWID and MSM non‐PWID in both full‐core and NS5B regions, whereas strains from non‐MSM PWID and non‐MSM non‐PWID were distinct.ConclusionThe findings suggest that the transmission route in PWID is determined by MSM status, whereas MSM groups showed the same transmission route regardless of PWID. HCV control measures should be focused not only on PWID, but also on MSM to achieve HCV elimination in Japan.
Engaging with Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Communities to Promote Palliative Care That Exceeds Expectation
Authors: Dadich Ann , Crawford Gregory , Laintoll Peter , Zangre Issac , Dahal Kamal , Albrezi Dalia , Jeffs Cathie , Collier Aileen 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionGiven longstanding barriers that obstruct integrated palliative care, particularly for culturally and linguistically diverse communities, this article demonstrates a way to engage with Syrian, Bhutanese and African communities to learn about brilliant palliative care with and from members of these communities.MethodsThis study involved the methodology of POSH‐VRE, which combines positive organisational scholarship in healthcare (POSH) with video‐reflexive ethnography (VRE). Members of the Syrian, Bhutanese, and African communities (n = 14) participated in a focus group or an interview to consider understandings of palliative care; conceptualisations of a good death; how and why palliative care was typically enacted in their communities; the associated effects; as well as the relationship between culturally and linguistically diverse communities and public palliative care services. Discussions were aided by video recordings captured during the previous study on brilliant palliative care, which participants were invited to review. Video recordings and transcripts of the focus groups and interview were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsThe participants demonstrated considerable variability in the ways that palliative care was understood and enacted. For some, death was a taboo topic, while for others, it was a reality that was required to face, particularly in war‐torn regions. Similarly, while doctors were held in high regard, participants held different views about how they should enact palliative care and the anticipation of death, particularly because family members were deemed to be a pivotal part of palliative care. To improve the care of people of culturally and linguistically diverse communities who experience a life‐limiting illness, participants highlighted three opportunities. These included the avoidance of generalisations, prioritising the needs and preferences of cultural groups, and leveraging the community network.ConclusionThis study demonstrated how reciprocal understandings of palliative care were potentiated using POSH‐VRE. Specifically, the members of the Bhutanese, African and Syrian communities demonstrated diversity in the needs, preferences, and customs of culturally and linguistically diverse communities. As such, integrated palliative care is likely to be bolstered by relinquishing assumptions about how cultural groups wish to be referred to and cared for and adopting a public health approach to palliative care that embraces both a population‐based and person‐centred approach to care.Patient or Public ContributionMembers of the Bhutanese, African and Syrian communities contributed to this study as participants and co‐researchers, contributing to the analysis and interpretation of the data and in the preparation of the article.
LC‐OCT for early diagnosis and characterization of dermatologic adverse events to oncologic drugs and correlation to histopathology
Authors: Sollena Pietro , Salvi Marisa , Marraffa Marica , Pellegrino Luca , Cappilli Simone , Palmisano Gerardo , Mannino Maria , Di Nardo Lucia , Di Stefani Alessandro , Peris Ketty 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundTargeted and immune therapies have recently been associated with the occurrence of multiple cutaneous toxicities, often challenging to differentiate by clinical examination alone without histology. Line‐field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC‐OCT) is a non‐invasive and innovative imaging technique that has been shown to be almost as effective as histology in diagnosing several skin conditions. Our study aimed to assess the effectiveness of LC‐OCT in predicting the clinical evolution of early maculopapular eruptions related to antineoplastic targeted therapy and immunotherapy.MethodsIn the period between May 2023 and December 2023, consecutive patients with clinical cutaneous maculopapular reactions caused by oncologic targeted therapy or immunotherapy were enrolled at the dermatologic outpatient clinic of the Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome. Patients underwent clinical dermatological examination, video‐dermoscopy, LC‐OCT, and incisional skin biopsy of a target cutaneous lesion. To investigate the evolutionary pattern of maculopapular lesions (psoriasic eruption, lichenoid eruption, eczematous eruption, bullous eruption), LC‐OCT and histopathological images have been compared based on specific characteristics (hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, spongiosis; papillomatosis; lichenoid inflammatory infiltrate; presence of intraepidermal/subepidermal cleavage plan with formation of a bulla).ResultsEighteen patients were included in this study (11 males, 7 females, median age 64.5). LC‐OCT demonstrated an overall concordance with histology of 77.8%, with a Cohen's Kappa of 0.69 (P < 0.0001). Sensitivity exceeded 70%, and specificity was ≥88.2%. The Area Under the Curve (AUC) ranged from 0.9 to 1 for psoriasis and lichenoid eruption and from 0.7 to 0.9 for eczematous and bullous eruption.ConclusionsLC‐OCT appears to be a promising tool for the early differential diagnosis of adverse skin reactions related to targeted therapy and immunotherapy, offering the potential to avoid skin biopsies in fragile cancer patients.
Life‐threatening antibodies: The discovery of anaphylaxis
Authors: Daëron Marc , Heyman Birgitta , Moulin Anne Marie 
Published: November 2024

SummaryIt was at the turn of the 20th century, that immune serum was found both to save children dying from toxins of deadly pathogens, and to kill a dog within minutes following an injection of harmless doses of sea anemone toxins. This means that, before being formally identified in immune serum, antibodies were already known to be both protective and pathogenic. For this provocative finding, Charles Richet was awarded the 1913 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Because, as its name said, anaphylaxis was understood as “the contrary of protection,” unique mechanisms were found to explain it. Because, as its name did not initially say but finally said, allergy was understood as a reaction “other” than immunity, its symptoms were explained by mechanisms similar to those that explained anaphylaxis. We examined here the intricate relationships between anaphylaxis, allergy and immunity. Progressively anaphylaxis became one among other pathological effects of an immune response, and allergy an inflammatory disease among others. Looking at antibodies back in the past enables us not only to learn where they come from, but also to follow trends that contributed to shape immunology, some of which may persist in today's immunological thinking and say something about the future.
Perceived Social Support and Depression, Anxiety and Stress in Pregnant Women Diagnosed With Foetal Anomaly
Authors: Kaydırak Meltem Mecdi , Balkan Elif , Bacak Nilgul , Kızoglu Filiz 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo examine the relationship between perceived social support level and depression, anxiety and stress in pregnant women diagnosed with foetal anomaly.Design/MethodsThis descriptive and correlational study was conducted in an advanced prenatal evaluation unit of a university hospital between December 2021 and May 2022. The study data collected from 131 pregnant women through a personal information form, depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS‐42) and multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS).ResultsMost of the pregnant women were in the second trimester of pregnancy, and more than half had been advised by a healthcare professional to terminate their pregnancy. Overall, the pregnant women reported moderate levels of social support, while their depression, anxiety and stress levels varied. There was a weak negative correlation between perceived social support from family, friends and multidimensional sources with stress, but the effect rate was low.ConclusionMost pregnant women diagnosed with foetal anomaly have normal levels of depression, stress and anxiety. There is a weak negative correlation between perceived social support and stress, with family and friend support affecting stress levels at a low rate. Professional support should be provided, and both the woman's mental health and social support mechanisms must be evaluated.ImpactThis study highlights the importance of social support in managing stress among pregnant women with foetal anomalies. While most women had normal levels of depression, anxiety and stress, increased social support from family and friends was shown to reduce stress. The findings underscore the need for healthcare professionals to assess and strengthen mental health and social support systems in this vulnerable population, informing interventions to improve psychosocial outcomes.Reporting MethodThis descriptive and correlational study adhered to the CONSORT guidelines for reporting non‐randomised trials.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Safety of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation in patients with liver cirrhosis
Authors: Barrera Nelson , Jou Katerina , Malik Mushrin , Gallegos‐Koyner Francisco , Chamay Salomon , Elfert Khaled , Cerrud‐Rodriguez Roberto C. , Di Biase Luigi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsAtrial fibrillation is the most prevalent cardiac arrhythmia, and catheter ablation (CA) has emerged as a viable treatment option for selected patients. However, its safety profile in liver cirrhosis (LC) populations remains underexplored.MethodsThis was an observational analysis of the National Inpatient Sample Database 2016–2020; we analyzed adult encounters undergoing CA for atrial fibrillation who had a concomitant diagnosis of LC. Using propensity scores, encounters were divided into two cohorts based on the presence or absence of LC and matched in a 1:1 fashion using LC as the dependent variable. In‐hospital mortality and postprocedure total complications were compared using regression models.Results93 830 procedures were identified for non‐LC patients and 960 involving LC patients; after propensity score matching, each cohort included 910 hospitalizations. The mean age in the LC‐matched cohort was 66.5 ± 9.1 years. In‐hospital mortality did not differ between the groups (aOR = 1.01; 95% CI [0.06–16.1]; p = .99). However, the LC cohort exhibited higher odds of total complications (aOR = 1.98; 95% CI [1.42–2.75]; p < .001). Length of stay (LOS) was comparable, but total costs were higher in the LC cohort: LOS was 2 days (95% CI [1–3]) in the LC group versus 3 days (95% CI [1–4]) (p < .11) and LC: $202,000 (95% CI [$142 000–$261 000]) versus non‐LC: $189 000, (95% CI [$153 000–$222 000]) (p < .0001).ConclusionIn this national analysis of patients undergoing CA for AF, those with LC had similar in‐hospital mortality, postprocedure complications, and LOS compared to noncirrhotic patients. Furthermore, longitudinal studies are needed to assess the safety profile of CA in this subpopulation.
Development of a care package to prevent medical device‐related pressure injuries using the Delphi Method: A maintenance care package development study
Authors: Elmaoğlu Erhan , Çiğdem Zerrin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAimThe purpose is to develop a care package for the prevention of medical device‐related pressure injuries using the Delphi Method.DesignThe study is a methodological.MethodThe care package was developed using the Delphi Method, a consensus‐based technique. Two expert groups were selected to develop the care package to prevent medical device‐related pressure injuries. The invitation letter and the questionnaire consisting of two questions were sent to the relevant experts via email and completed in three rounds after receiving responses. The scores from the experts were uploaded to the SPSS 25.0 software package. The range (R) was calculated as R = Q3‐Q1. The differences (R) between the quartiles were examined. Items with R < 1.2 were accepted as having reached a consensus.ResultsAs a result of the evaluation, it was organized as 83 items. As a result of the analysis of the scores of the second round of the Delphi Method, the range values of each item were examined. In the third round of the Delphi Method, it was found that consensus was reached in the third round on items 18, 29, and 56, on which consensus could not be reached in the second round, and the care package was accepted with 83 items.ConclusionAn 83‐item care package was created to prevent medical device‐related pressure injuries in children.