bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An efficient and convenient strategy toward fire safety and water resistance of polypropylene composites through design and synthesis of a novel mono‐component intumescent flame retardant
Authors: Liu Haichao , Li Sheng , Zhang Zhiyong , Li Bin , Xu Miaojun 
Published: March 2019

A novel mono‐component flame‐retardant additive poly (dimethylol melamine piperazine pyrophosphate) defined as PDMPP was synthesized from formaldehyde, melamine, and piperazine pyrophosphate. Its chemical structure was well characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 13C and 31P solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance, and elemental analysis tests. PDMPP was incorporated into polypropylene (PP) matrix, and the fire‐retardant performance, thermal properties, and water resistance of PP composites were investigated in detail. PP/23 wt% PDMPP composites before and after water resistance tests both achieved UL‐94V‐0 grade during vertical burning tests, and the limiting oxygen index was slightly declined from 26.7% to 26.3%. Small amount of PDMPP was extracted by hot water, and the weight loss percentage was 0.67% during water resistance tests. The piperazine and triazine rings in PDMPP contributed to a much better char‐forming capability, and then a greatly expanded and coherent char residue was generated during combustion and exhibited excellent isolation effect. The heat release rate, carbon monoxide production, and smoke production rate of the flame‐retarded PP composites before and after water resistance tests were effectively suppressed to a low level. Consequently, the introduction of PDMPP apparently improved the fire safety of PP composites as well as excellent water‐resistant performance.
Pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, safety, and tolerability of fosaprepitant for the prevention of chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting in pediatric cancer patients
Authors: Mora Jaume , Valero Miguel , DiCristina Cara , Jin Mandy , Chain Anne , Bickham Kara 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundCurrent antiemetic regimens are less effective in children than in adults. Fosaprepitant was recently approved for prevention of chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in children aged six months and older.ProcedureThe pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) profile, safety, and tolerability of a single intravenous dose of fosaprepitant administered concomitantly with ondansetron with/without dexamethasone were evaluated in pediatric patients with cancer receiving emetogenic chemotherapy. PK/PD from three doses of fosaprepitant (3.0, 1.2, and 0.4 mg/kg, up to 150, 60, and 20 mg, respectively) were compared with placebo in 2‐ to 17‐year‐old subjects; an open‐label amendment evaluated a fourth dose (5.0 mg/kg, up to 150 mg) in those under 12 years old. Historical adult PK data were used for comparison. Efficacy was measured as an exploratory endpoint.ResultsPK data were evaluable for 167/234 subjects who completed cycle one. Aprepitant exposures were dose proportional; adolescents (12 to 17 years) receiving fosaprepitant 150 mg had exposures similar to adults at the same dose. Higher weight‐normalized doses (5 mg/kg) were necessary for children aged < 12 years to achieve comparable adult exposures. The adverse event profile was typical of cancer patients receiving emetogenic chemotherapy. Drug‐related adverse events were reported in 16 (6.8%) subjects, with hiccups being most common (n = 5; 2.1%).ConclusionsIntravenous fosaprepitant was well tolerated by pediatric subjects with cancer, and dose‐proportional exposures were observed. Subjects < 12 years old required higher doses to achieve comparable adult exposures.
End‐tidal carbon dioxide monitoring revealed severe complications during cardiothoracic surgery
Authors: Qiu Yongsheng , Xu Lei , Jia Yingping 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntroductionWith the continuous progress being made in medicine and surgery, increasingly more advanced technology and monitoring equipment are being used in anesthesia, end‐tidal carbon dioxide (PETCO2) monitoring revealed serious complications of cardiothoracic surgery.Case presentationA 3‐year‐old boy with a body weight of 15 kg presented with a >1‐month history of a heart murmur. At the moment of arterial catheter ligation, the PETCO2 decreased from 37 to 15 mmHg, while the blood pressure, heart rate, and airway resistance did not change significantly. After re‐separation of the ligation catheter, the surgeons carefully exposed the ductus and left pulmonary artery again and ligated the ductus arteriosus.ConclusionThis case suggests that PETCO2 monitoring reflects the circulatory status and pulmonary blood flow.
Central precocious puberty as a prelude of gonad dysplasia
Authors: Li Lele , Gong Chunxiu 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThere is increasing evidence that patients with gonad dysplasia, as characterized by absent or incomplete puberty, can also exhibit central precocious puberty (CPP). Herein, we review the reported cases that manifest with both gonad dysplasia and CPP. Further, we examine the hypothesis that these patients exhibit a normal hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal axis, hypogonadism, and the presence of residual gonadal function, and that the onset of disease is related to early initiation of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal axis. Thus, we suggest that CPP is a prelude of some partial hypogonadism.
Combining Rapid Data Independent Acquisition and CRISPR Gene Deletion for Studying Potential Protein Functions: A Case of HMGN1
Authors: Mehnert Martin , Li Wenxue , Wu Chongde , Salovska Barbora , Liu Yansheng 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCRISPR‐Cas gene editing holds substantial promise in many biomedical disciplines and basic research. Due to the important functional implications of non‐histone chromosomal protein HMG‐14 (HMGN1) in regulating chromatin structure and tumor immunity, gene knockout of HMGN1 is performed by CRISPR in cancer cells and the following proteomic regulation events are studied. In particular, DIA mass spectrometry (DIA‐MS) is utilized, and more than 6200 proteins (protein‐ FDR 1%) and more than 82 000 peptide precursors are reproducibly measured in the single MS shots of 2 h. HMGN1 protein deletion is confidently verified by DIA‐MS in all of the clone‐ and dish‐ replicates following CRISPR. Statistical analysis reveals 147 proteins change their expressions significantly after HMGN1 knockout. Functional annotation and enrichment analysis indicate the deletion of HMGN1 induces histone inactivation, various stress pathways, remodeling of extracellular proteomes, cell proliferation, as well as immune regulation processes such as complement and coagulation cascade and interferon alpha/ gamma response in cancer cells. These results shed new lights on the cellular functions of HMGN1. It is suggested that DIA‐MS can be reliably used as a rapid, robust, and cost‐effective proteomic‐screening tool to assess the outcome of the CRISPR experiments.
Consequences of interleukin 1β‐triggered chronic inflammation in the mouse prostate gland: Altered architecture associated with prolonged CD4+ infiltration mimics human proliferative inflammatory atrophy
Authors: Ashok Arya , Keener Rebecca , Rubenstein Michael , Stookey Stephanie , Bajpai Sagar , Hicks Jessica , Alme Angela K. , Drake Charles G. , Zheng Qizhi , Trabzonlu Levent , Yegnasubramanian Srinivasan , De Marzo Angelo M. , Bieberich Charles J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundElevated expression of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 1β (IL‐1β) has been observed in expressed prostatic secretions of patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome, and genetic polymorphisms associated with the IL1B gene are linked to increased risk for aggressive prostate cancer.MethodsTo study the role of IL‐1β expression in prostate inflammation, we examined IL1B expression in human prostatic proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA) lesions and developed a tetracycline‐regulated human IL1B transgene in the mouse prostate.ResultsHere, we demonstrate that IL1B expression is a common finding in human PIA lesions, which harbored focal IL1B expression in epithelial and stromal compartments. Human IL1B expression in the mouse prostate elicited acute and chronic inflammation. Penetrance and expressivity were variable and tunable by altering transgene dosage and the presence of an exogenous inducible marker antigen (green fluorescent protein). Inflammation was characterized by infiltration of CD4+ T cells, demonstrating an adaptive immune response. Chronic inflammation persisted after doxycycline (Dox) withdrawal. Reactive epithelia increased expression of downstream cytokines, and altered glandular architecture was observed upon sustained induction of IL1B. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed a higher proliferative index and decreased Nkx3.1 expression in inflamed mouse prostates.ConclusionsThese data implicate IL‐1β in human prostate pathology and this model provides a versatile platform to interrogate molecular mechanisms of inflammation‐associated prostate pathologies associated with episodic or sustained IL‐1β expression.
The expression profile and heterogeneity analysis of ERG in 633 consecutive prostate cancers from a single center
Authors: Nie Ling , Pan Xiuyi , Zhang Mengni , Yin Xiaoxue , Gong Jing , Chen Xueqin , Xu Miao , Zhou Qiao , Chen Ni 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundOverexpression of ERG protein resulting from TMPRSS2:ERG rearrangement is highly specific for prostate cancer (PCa). However, the biological function of this fusion protein and its relationship with clinicopathological features still remain controversial.MethodIn this study, we evaluated ERG protein expression/gene rearrangement and heterogeneity by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in a cohort of 633 consecutive PCa initially diagnosed by core‐needle biopsy in the West China Hospital.ResultOverall, ERG protein expression was detected in 16.7% (106 of 633) cases, and frequently observed in PCa patients less than 60 years of age (31.9% vs 15.5%, P = 0.004) and in PCa with Gleason score less than 8 (20.0% vs 13.4%,
P = 0.027), but infrequently observed in cases with intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC‐P) (10.0% vs 18.6%,
P = 0.012). Follow‐up analysis found that patients who progressed to castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) have a lower frequency of ERG protein expression at initial biopsies compared to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT)‐sensitive cases (14.1% vs 23.5%,
P = 0.042), but Kaplan‐Meier curve showed that ERG protein expression was not an independent prognostic marker. Of all the 106 ERG‐positive cases, eight cases (7.5%) exhibited heterogeneous expression of ERG protein, in which ERG was only positive in tumors with Gleason pattern 3, but negative in Gleason pattern 4. The FISH analysis was consistent with IHC in six of these cases. In the other two cases,
ERG rearrangement was detected in tumors with both Gleason pattern 3 and 4 by FISH, despite the negative protein expression in Gleason pattern 4. In case 1, a repeated biopsy was performed when the disease progressed to CRPC, and no ERG‐positive cells were identified neither by IHC nor FISH.ConclusionThis was by far the largest series of ERG expression and heterogeneity analysis in Chinese PCa. The ERG rearrangement seemed to be frequently expressed in patients with relatively younger age and lower Gleason score and infrequently expressed in PCa with the IDC‐P. PCa with positive ERG were less frequently to progress to CRPC, but there was no prognostic significance of ERG expression. In heterogeneous cases, ERG protein was detectable only in tumors with Gleason pattern 3 but not in pattern 4. Tumor cells with positive ERG expression/rearrangement seemed easily response to ADT.
Long‐lasting bladder overactivity and bladder afferent hyperexcitability in rats with chemically‐induced prostatic inflammation
Authors: Ni Jianshu , Mizoguchi Shinsuke , Bernardi Kyrie , Suzuki Takahisa , Kurobe Masahiro , Takaoka Eiichiro , Wang Zhou , DeFranco Donald B. , Tyagi Pradeep , Gu Baojun , Yoshimura Naoki 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundBenign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the major causes of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), including storage LUTS such as urinary frequency and urgency. Recently, a growing number of clinical studies indicate that prostatic inflammation could be an important pathophysiological mechanism inducing storage LUTS in patients with BPH. Here we aimed to investigate whether nonbacterial prostatic inflammation in a rat model induced by intraprostatic formalin injection can lead to long‐lasting bladder overactivity and changes in bladder afferent neuron excitability.MethodsMale Sprague‐Dawley rats were divided into four groups (n = 12 each): normal control group, 1‐week prostatic inflammation group, 4‐week inflammation group, and 8‐week inflammation group. Prostatic inflammation was induced by formalin (10%; 50 µL per lobe) injection into bilateral ventral lobes of the prostate. Voiding behavior was evaluated in metabolic cages for each group. Ventral lobes of the prostate and the bladder were then removed for hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining to evaluate inflammation levels. Continuous cystometrograms (CMG) were recorded to measure intercontraction intervals (ICI) and voided volume per micturition. Whole‐cell patch clamp recordings were performed on dissociated bladder afferent neurons labeled by fluorogold injected into the bladder wall, to examine the electrophysiological properties.ResultsResults of metabolic cage measurements showed that formalin‐treated rats exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) increases in micturition episodes/12 hours and decrease in voided volume per micturition at every time point post injection. Continuous CMG illustrated the significant (
P < 0.05) higher number of nonvoiding contractions per void and shorter ICI in formalin‐treated rats compared with control rats. HE staining showed significant prostatic inflammation, which declined gradually, in prostate tissues of formalin‐induced rats. In patch clamp recordings, capsaicin‐sensitive bladder afferent neurons from rats with prostatic inflammation had significantly (
P < 0.05) lower thresholds for spike activation and a “multiple” firing pattern compared with control rats at every time point post injection.ConclusionsFormalin‐induced prostatic inflammation can lead to long‐lasting bladder overactivity in association with bladder afferent neuron hyperexcitability. This long‐lasting model could be a useful tool for the study of inflammation‐related aspects of male LUTS pathophysiology.
The association of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations with prostate cancer risk, frequency, and mortality: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Oh Mok , Alkhushaym Nasser , Fallatah Saad , Althagafi Abdulhamid , Aljadeed Rana , Alsowaida Yazed , Jeter Joanne , Martin Jennifer R. , Babiker Hani M. , McBride Ali , Abraham Ivo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundA prior meta‐analysis found no association between BRCA1 mutation and prostate cancer (PCa). Subsequent
BRCA2 mutation studies have shown an association with PCa risk and mortality. We conducted a meta‐analysis of overall
BRCA mutation carriers and in subgroups to (1) estimate PCa risk in
BRCA mutation carriers, (2) evaluate the frequency of
BRCA mutation carriers in patients with PCa, and (3) compare cancer‐specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) among
BRCA mutation carriers and noncarriers.MethodsWe searched the PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases. Unadjusted odds ratio (OR), percentage (%), and hazard ratio (HR) were used to calculate pooled estimates for PCa risk, frequency, and survival, respectively. Subgroup analyses by mutation type (
BRCA1 or
BRCA2) were conducted for the three objectives. Further subgroup analyses by study design (age‐sex‐adjusted or crude), ascertainment method (ascertained or inferred genotyping), population (Ashkenazi Jewish or general population), and survival outcomes (CSS or OS) were conducted. The associations were evaluated using random‐effects models, in two‐sided statistical tests.ResultsA total of 8 cohort, 7 case‐control, 4 case‐series, 28 frequency, and 11 survival studies were included. Being a BRCA mutation carrier (
BRCA1 and/or
BRCA2) was associated with a significant increase in PCa risk (OR = 1.90, 95% CI = 1.58‐2.29), with
BRCA2 mutation being associated with a greater risk of PCa (OR = 2.64, 95% CI = 2.03‐3.47) than
BRCA1 (OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.03‐1.76). The frequency of
BRCA1 and
BRCA2 carriers in patients with PCa was 0.9% and 2.2%, respectively. OS (HR = 2.21, 95% CI = 1.64‐2.30) and CSS (HR = 2.63, 95% CI = 2.00‐3.45) were significantly worse among
BRCA2 carriers compared to noncarriers, whereas OS (HR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.11‐1.99) and CSS (HR = 1.07, 95% CI = 0.38‐2.96) were statistically not significant when comparing
BRCA1 carriers and noncarriers.ConclusionsThere is a 1.90‐fold greater risk of PCa in overall BRCA mutation carriers. This elevated PCa risk is attributable mainly to a 2.64‐fold greater risk of PCa in
BRCA2 carriers compared to a moderate 1.35‐fold greater risk in
BRCA1 carriers. The frequency of
BRCA2 mutations was higher than
BRCA1 mutations among patients with PCa.
BRCA2 but not
BRCA1 mutations were associated with higher PCa mortality. The
BRCA mutation may be a clinical factor to stratify high‐risk patients and guide clinical strategies for more effective treatments for patients with PCa.
Dietary palmitate cooperates with Src kinase to promote prostate tumor progression
Authors: Kim Sungjin , Yang Xiangkun , Yin Amelia , Zha Junyi , Beharry Zanna , Bai Aiping , Bielawska Alicja , Bartlett Michael G. , Yin Hang , Cai Houjian 
Published: March 2019

AbstractNumerous genetic alterations have been identified during prostate cancer progression. The influence of environmental factors, particularly the diet, on the acceleration of tumor progression is largely unknown. Expression levels and/or activity of Src kinase are highly elevated in numerous cancers including advanced stages of prostate cancer. In this study, we demonstrate that high‐fat diets (HFDs) promoted pathological transformation mediated by the synergy of Src and androgen receptor in vivo. Additionally, a diet high in saturated fat significantly enhanced proliferation of Src‐mediated xenograft tumors in comparison with a diet high in unsaturated fat. The saturated fatty acid palmitate, a major constituent in a HFD, significantly upregulated the biosynthesis of palmitoyl‐CoA in cancer cells in vitro and in xenograft tumors in vivo. The exogenous palmitate enhanced Src‐dependent mitochondrial β‐oxidation. Additionally, it elevated the amount of C16‐ceramide and total saturated ceramides, increased the level of Src kinase localized in the cell membrane, and Src‐mediated downstream signaling, such as the activation of mitogen‐activated protein kinase and focal adhesion kinase. Our results uncover how the metabolism of dietary palmitate cooperates with elevated Src kinase in the acceleration of prostate tumor progression.
Does bottle color protect red wine from photo‐oxidation?
Authors: Guerrini Lorenzo , Pantani Ottorino‐Luca , Politi Styliani , Angeloni Giulia , Masella Piernicola , Calamai Luca , Parenti Alessandro 
Published: March 2019

Even if bottled red wines have an extended shelf life, they undergo several chemical changes, and producers are well aware of the importance of the packaging. However, there is a lack of research into the effect of light on their composition. Therefore, the storage conditions of a Sangiovese wines with respect to artificial light exposure (present/absent) and bottle color (transparent, brown, and green) were investigated. Thirty‐five chemical characteristics (physicochemical, UV‐VIS indexes, and volatile compounds) were recorded after 6 months of storage. Light exposure caused significant differences in total SO2 and a shift from red to yellow/orange color. For wines kept in transparent bottles, total red pigments, total phenol index, monomeric anthocyanins, copigmentation, chemical age, and some volatile compounds showed significant differences, depending on whether it was exposed to light or not. On the contrary, light exposure was found not significant for the wine stored in green and brown bottles, Finally, an overall increase in variability was found for light‐exposed wine in transparent bottles which could be considered, in itself, a measure of lack of quality.
A linguistic risk prioritization approach for failure mode and effects analysis: A case study of medical product development
Authors: Wang Liang , Hu Yu‐Ping , Liu Hu‐Chen , Shi Hua 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFailure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) is a widely used risk management technique for identifying the potential failures from a system, design, or process and determining the most serious ones for risk reduction. Nonetheless, the traditional FMEA method has been criticized for having many deficiencies. Further, in the real world, FMEA team members are usually bounded rationality, and thus, their psychological behaviors should be considered. In response, this study presents a novel risk priority model for FMEA by using interval two‐tuple linguistic variables and an integrated multicriteria decision‐making (MCDM) method. The interval two‐tuple linguistic variables are used to capture FMEA team members' diverse assessments on the risk of failure modes and the weights of risk factors. An integrated MCDM method based on regret theory and TODIM (an acronym in Portuguese for interactive MCDM) is developed to prioritize failure modes taking experts' psychological behaviors into account. Finally, an illustrative example regarding medical product development is included to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed FMEA. By comparing with other existing methods, the proposed linguistic FMEA approach is shown to be more advantageous in ranking failure modes under the uncertain and complex environment.
Characterization of the all‐E. coli transcription‐translation system myTXTL by mass spectrometry
Authors: Garenne David , Beisel Chase L. , Noireaux Vincent 
Published: March 2019

RationaleCell‐free transcription‐translation (TXTL) is becoming a popular technology to prototype and engineer biological systems outside living organisms. TXTL relies commonly on a cytoplasmic extract that provides the molecular components necessary to recapitulate gene expression in vitro, where most of the available systems are derived from E. coli. The proteinic and enzymatic composition of lysates, however, is typically unknown. In this work, we analyzed by mass spectrometry the molecular constituents of the all‐E. coli TXTL platform myTXTL prepared from the E. coli strain BL21 Rosetta2.MethodsStandard TXTL reactions were assembled and executed for 10–12 hours at 29°C. In addition to a no‐DNA control, four DNA programs were executed in separate reactions to synthesize the reporter protein deGFP as well as the phages MS2, phix174 and T7. The reactions were treated according to standard procedures (trypsin treatment, cleaning) before performing liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Data analysis was performed using Sequest and protein identification using Scaffold.ResultsA total of 500–800 proteins were identified by LC/MS in the blank reactions. We organized the most abundant protein sets into several categories pertaining, in particular, to transcription, translation and ATP regeneration. The synthesis of deGFP was easily measured. The major structural proteins that compose the three phages MS2, phix174 and T7 were also identified.ConclusionsMass spectrometry is a practical tool to characterize biochemical solutions as complex as a cell‐free TXTL reaction and to determine the presence of synthesized proteins. The data presented demonstrate that the composition of TXTL based on lysates can be used to validate some underlying molecular mechanisms implicated in cell‐free protein synthesis. The composition of the lysate shows significant differences with respect to similar studies on other E. coli strains.