bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A 3D virtual Weft‐knitting Engineering learning system based on Unreal Engine 4
Authors: Zhang Xiaoting , Liu Jihong , Chen Qing , Song Hao , Zhan Qianyi , Lu Jing 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe traditional practice teaching mode of Weft‐knitting Engineering leads to unsatisfactory teaching outcomes due to the lack of hardware in laboratory and security issue in knitting mill. This paper presents a 3D virtual Weft‐knitting Engineering learning system based on Unreal Engine 4. The technological design of weft‐knitted fabrics including automatic design of jacquard pattern and the transformation of jacquard pattern, knitting notation, needle set‐out, and cams arrangement is realized through the establishment of mathematical model and algorithm in Unreal Engine 4. Corresponding cam configuration operation from the first person perspective is implemented in virtual practice operation part. The system provides learners a holistic cognition of weft‐knitting practice from machine structure, design of the weft‐knitted fabrics, virtual practice operation on the machine to 3D interactive Virtual Weft‐knitted fabrics. The experiment result shows that the virtual learning system developed in this study can improve the teaching effect of Weft‐knitting Engineering especially in operational skills, and the combination of traditional plus virtual learning system method is the better way to optimize the teaching effect. The learners’ feedback indicates that 3D virtual Weft‐knitting Engineering learning system is more convenient and immersive in which they feel like using real machine in real knitting mill. With the software combination of Unreal Engine 4 and Houdini, the bottom frame of the program offers great expansibility for more complex machine model and operation to the system in future. The design framework and discussions in this paper may be useful for developing virtual learning system in other areas.
Ethylene Oligomerization to Select Oligomers on Ni‐ETS‐10
Authors: Thakkar Jay , Yin Xinyang , Zhang Xueyi 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe oligomerization of short alkenes (ethylene and propylene) can be used for producing commodity chemicals. Various catalysts have been used for alkene oligomerization, among which ordered microporous catalysts are thermally and mechanically stable and are already established for large‐scale industrial applications. In this work, we demonstrate ethylene oligomerization reaction on a microporous titanosilicate ETS‐10 (Engelhard Titanosiliate‐10) exchanged with Ni2+ (Ni‐ETS‐10). We demonstrate a template‐free and fluoride‐free ETS‐10 synthesis method that does not produce impurities commonly seen in hydrothermal ETS‐10 synthesis. Ni‐ETS‐10 showed high C2 conversion rate, high selectivity to C4 and high stability comparing to other microporous catalysts investigated in this work for ethylene oligomerization reaction.
Enhancement of the Electrocatalytic Activity of Thienyl‐Substituted Iron Porphyrin Electropolymers by a Hangman Effect
Authors: Neumann Bettina , Götz Robert , Wrzolek Pierre , Scheller Frieder W. , Weidinger Inez M. , Schwalbe Matthias , Wollenberger Ulla 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe thiophene‐modified iron porphyrin FeT3ThP and the respective iron Hangman porphyrin FeH3ThP, incorporating a carboxylic acid hanging group in the second coordination sphere of the iron center, were electropolymerized on glassy carbon electrodes using 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) as co‐monomer. Scanning electron microscopy images and Resonance Raman spectra demonstrated incorporation of the porphyrin monomers into a fibrous polymer network. Porphyrin/polyEDOT films catalyzed the reduction of molecular oxygen in a four‐electron reaction to water with onset potentials as high as +0.14 V vs. Ag/AgCl in an aqueous solution of pH 7. Further, FeT3ThP/polyEDOT films showed electrocatalytic activity towards reduction of hydrogen peroxide at highly positive potentials, which was significantly enhanced by introduction of the carboxylic acid hanging group in FeH3ThP. The second coordination sphere residue promotes formation of a highly oxidizing reaction intermediate, presumably via advantageous proton supply, as observed for peroxidases and catalases making FeH3ThP/polyEDOT films efficient mimics of heme enzymes.
The enhancement of black liquor treatment by applying a natural flocculant and converting its sludge to a high‐benefit product
Authors: Amriani Feni , Bani Okta , Muryanto Muryanto , Sari Ajeng Arum , Sudiyani Yanni 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBlack liquor (BL) as lignocellulosic‐based industrial wastewater is largely attained from a chemical pretreatment process. When treated with the commonly used coagulant polyaluminum chloride (PACl), BL was decolourized but its pH decreased drastically from 13 to 4–5. Chitosan as a natural flocculant was added to the BL treatment process to support the PACl. The combination of coagulant‐flocculant (PACl‐Chitosan) effectively generated sludge, rejuvenated the treated BL pH level to neutral, and decolourized and reduced several parameters required for the treated BL disposal. To establish a sustainable recycling process and enhance the BL treatment, the generated sludge as a potential source was recovered and converted to a carbonaceous adsorbent (CA) by applying a two‐stage carbonization process, heat and steam carbonization, during which the temperature and time in the first stage of the heat‐carbonization process differ. The first BL sludge‐based CA (BLS‐CA 1) is produced by employing the first stage heating at 575 °C for 180 min while the second black liquor sludge‐based CA (BLS‐CA 2) is produced by employing the first stage heating at 450 °C for 60 min. Both CAs were able to adsorb about 99 % methylene blue (MB) at MB concentration 100 mg/L for 16 h though they have smaller surface areas than commercially activated carbon, which is only able to adsorb about 70 % MB at the same concentration and adsorption time. This study demonstrates a potential way to reduce the emerging problem from the generated sludge through a sustainable recycling process as well as BL treatment.
UV Photoionization of Sodium‐Doped Formic Acid Clusters
Authors: Bende Attila , Gaele Maria F. , Di Palma Tonia M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe processes involved in the photoionization of sodium‐doped clusters are complex, not fully understood for many systems and still strongly debated, especially because of the discrepancy between experimental results and predicted cluster structures. We have performed a study on sodium doped formic acid clusters based on UV photoionization spectroscopy and DFT/TDDFT calculations. Apart from the monomer, all the predicted structures show vertical ionization potential values higher than those obtained by the photoionization measurements. We have calculated the absorption spectra and found many Rydberg‐like states near the adiabatic ionization potentials and, crucially, in the UV range where the clusters appearance energies fall. This finding supports the hypothesis of adiabatic contributions in the measured ionization potentials for these clusters.
Solid‐State Rechargeable Zinc–Air Battery with Long Shelf Life Based on Nanoengineered Polymer Electrolyte
Authors: Lin Chao , Shinde Sambhaji S. , Li Xiaopeng , Kim Dong‐Hyung , Li Nanwen , Sun Yu , Song Xiaokai , Zhang Haojie , Lee Chi Ho , Lee Sang Uck , Lee Jung‐Ho 
Published: July 2018

AbstractZinc–air batteries (ZABs) are vulnerable to the ambient environment (e.g., humidity and CO2), and have serious selfdischarge issues, resulting in a short shelf life. To overcome these challenges, a near‐neutral quaternary ammonium (QA) functionalized polyvinyl alcohol electrolyte membrane (different from conventional alkali‐type membranes) has been developed. QA functionalization leads to the formation of interconnected nanochannels by creating hydrophilic/‐phobic separations at the nanoscale. These nanochannels selectively transport OH− ions with a reduced migration barrier, while inhibiting [Zn(NH3)6]2+ crossover. Owing to the superior water retention ability and enhanced chemical stability of the membrane, the solid‐state zinc–air battery (SZAB) displays outstanding flexibility, a promising cycle lifetime, and a large volumetric energy density. More importantly, the self‐discharge rate of SZAB is depressed to less than 7 % per month, and the fully dehydrated SZAB could recover its rechargeability upon replenishment of the solution of NH4Cl.
Postnatal Development of the Posterior Hypothalamic Theta Rhythm and Local Cell Discharges in Rat Brain Slices
Authors: Caban Bartosz , Staszelis Agata , Kazmierska Paulina , Kowalczyk Tomasz , Konopacki Jan 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTTheta rhythms have been recorded from rat brain slices of the posterior hypothalamic area (PHa), including the supramammillary and posterior hypothalamic nuclei. Additionally, in numerous studies theta‐related neurons were identified in the PHa according to the classification of Bland and Colom (Progress in Neurobiology, 41, 157–208, 1993). It is currently widely accepted that the PHa contributes to the process of HPC theta frequency programming at least in certain behavioral states. The postnatal development of the HPC and its ability to generate theta has also been a subject of studies. Specifically, it was found that theta oscillations are present in the HPC of 8–10 days old rat pups and turn into a well‐synchronized and high‐amplitude activity in the following few days. In our current study, we therefore focused on the postnatal development of cholinergically‐induced theta rhythm and theta‐related neuronal activity in PHa slices obtained from 8 to 24 days old rat pups. Theta activity was observed in the PHa preparations at the age of 8–10 days and then progressively increased its probability of occurrence, amplitude and synchrony up to the age of 22–24 days when it reached a plateau phase. A steady increase in the number of recorded neurons correlated with local theta oscillations was also observed.
Comparing the Oil Extraction and Refining Methods for Muscadine Grape Seeds of Noble and Carlos Cultivar
Authors: Wada Brian , Gordon Rachel , Yagiz Yavuz , Gu Liwei 
Published: July 2018

Muscadine is a native grape species in the southeastern United States. It has a distinct nutrient composition compared to Vitis vinifera grapes. Most Muscadine grapes are made into wine due to the lack of seedless cultivars, which results in a large amount of Muscadine seeds in the pomace. Muscadine pomace from purple Noble grapes and bronze Carlos grapes are dried and seeds are separated. Seed oils are extracted using a Soxhlet extractor by hexane, mechanical pressing, or enzyme‐assisted aqueous extraction. Oil extraction efficiencies are assessed using yield by dry weight. Oil quality is evaluated by peroxide content, free fatty acid content, fatty acid composition, and tocopherol and tocotrienol content. Extracted seeds oils are refined by degumming, neutralizing, and bleaching. Hexane extraction gives significantly higher yield from both Noble and Carlos seeds followed by mechanical expression and enzyme‐assisted aqueous extraction, respectively. Linoleic acid accounts for 72–79% total fatty acid for all oils. Concentrations of tocopherol and tocotrienol in Noble seed oil ranges from 29.4 to 53.8 mg 100 g−1 and 25.3–44.3 mg 100 g−1, respectively. Concentrations of tocopherol and tocotrienol in Carlos seed oil range from 11.8 to 31.9 mg 100 g−1 and 25.3–33.4 mg 100 g−1, respectively. Refining the oil removes peroxides and free fatty acids without altering fatty acid composition but eliminates 44–100 and 11–95% of tocopherols and tocotrienols, respectively.Practical Applications: Muscadine grape seed oil is high in linoleic acid and antioxidant components, making it an ideal product for culinary, and cosmetic purposes. The unrefined oil is high in tocopherol and tocotrienol, shown to have anti‐adipogenic and anti‐inflammatory capabilities. Grape seed oil is ideal for cooking at high temperatures, with a smoking point of about 190–230 °C being reported before. Grape seed oil is also useful in cosmetics where its hydrophobic nature and antioxidant components could be utilized in skin care products.In this study three different extraction methods are used to obtain oil from muscadine grape seeds of the Noble and Carlos cultivar. In this work, the oil yield efficiencies, peroxide values, free fatty acid content, fatty acid composition, and tocopherol and tocotrienol content are measured in the oil before and after a refining process. In this study, it is found that different extraction methods as well as the refining process, affect the tocopherol and tocotrienol content of the muscadine grape seed oil.
Toward sustainable environmental quality: Priority research questions for Europe
Authors: Van den Brink Paul J. , Boxall Alistair B.A. , Maltby Lorraine , Brooks Bryan W. , Rudd Murray A. , Backhaus Thomas , Spurgeon David , Verougstraete Violaine , Ajao Charmaine , Ankley Gerald T. , Apitz Sabine E. , Arnold Kathryn , Brodin Tomas , Cañedo-Argüelles Miguel , Chapman Jennifer , Corrales Jone , Coutellec Marie-Agnès , Fernandes Teresa F. , Fick Jerker , Ford Alex T. , Giménez Papiol Gemma , Groh Ksenia J. , Hutchinson Thomas H. , Kruger Hank , Kukkonen Jussi V.K. , Loutseti Stefania , Marshall Stuart , Muir Derek , Ortiz-Santaliestra Manuel E. , Paul Kai B. , Rico Andreu , Rodea-Palomares Ismael , Römbke Jörg , Rydberg Tomas , Segner Helmut , Smit Mathijs , van Gestel Cornelis A.M. , Vighi Marco , Werner Inge , Zimmer Elke I. , van Wensem Joke 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

The United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals have been established to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure prosperity for all. Delivery of the Sustainable Development Goals will require a healthy and productive environment. An understanding of the impacts of chemicals which can negatively impact environmental health is therefore essential to the delivery of the Sustainable Development Goals. However, current research on and regulation of chemicals in the environment tend to take a simplistic view and do not account for the complexity of the real world, which inhibits the way we manage chemicals. There is therefore an urgent need for a step change in the way we study and communicate the impacts and control of chemicals in the natural environment. To do this requires the major research questions to be identified so that resources are focused on questions that really matter. We present the findings of a horizon-scanning exercise to identify research priorities of the European environmental science community around chemicals in the environment. Using the key questions approach, we identified 22 questions of priority. These questions covered overarching questions about which chemicals we should be most concerned about and where, impacts of global megatrends, protection goals, and sustainability of chemicals; the development and parameterization of assessment and management frameworks; and mechanisms to maximize the impact of the research. The research questions identified provide a first-step in the path forward for the research, regulatory, and business communities to better assess and manage chemicals in the natural environment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:2281–2295. © 2018 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
Financial implications of laparoscopic hot gallbladder service in a nontertiary District General Hospital
Authors: Bhattacharya Sayantan , Richardson Tom , Naidoo Gerlin , Gillick Kieran , Haddad Saif , Ghosh Chandrima , Brereton Paula 
Published: July 2018

SummaryIntroductionThe service of providing index admission laparoscopic cholecystectomy (IALC), as recommended by NIC guidelines, often falls short in nontertiary centres because of a combination of limited resources and financial constraints.MethodsThis retrospective study in a single‐centre District General Hospital included 50 patients, eligible to undergo IALC, and calculated potential savings from performing IALC on the day of admission by considering admission tariffs, bed, and operating costs.ResultsThe IALC was provided in 19 patients (38%), with a mean delay from admission to operation of (median) 3 days. Mean surplus tariff was £1421 and £1571 in IALC and non‐IALC groups, respectively. Performing immediate IALC (on the day of admission) for acute cholecystitis (AC) is predicted to increase mean surplus tariff to £2132 per patient, raising total predicted annual surplus by £53 000. Immediate IALC is also predicted to reduce waiting time for day‐case LC by freeing up 53 day‐case slots, attracting additional £95 600 annually, along with freeing up many inpatient bed days.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that reduction of preoperative stay in AC by expediting operations in every eligible patient promises significant surplus revenue. Additional advantages include reducing inpatient bed days and freeing up operating lists that are otherwise taken up by patients for interval cholecystectomy.
Protective potential of glutathione peroxidase‐1 gene against cocaine‐induced acute hepatotoxic consequences in mice
Authors: Mai Huynh Nhu , Jung Tae Woo , Kim Dae‐Joong , Sharma Garima , Sharma Naveen , Shin Eun‐Joo , Jang Choon‐Gon , Nah Seung‐Yeol , Lee Sung Hoon , Chung Yoon Hee , Lei Xin Gen , Jeong Ji Hoon , Kim Hyoung‐Chun 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSince the cocaine‐induced oxidative stress has been established to lead to hepatotoxicity, we examined the role of the glutathione peroxidase (GPx)‐1 gene in cocaine‐induced hepatotoxicity. Cocaine treatment significantly increased superoxide dismutase activity in as little as 1 hour, with a maximum level at 6 hours in wild‐type mice, while significantly decreasing GPx activity and subsequently inducing oxidative damage (i.e., reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation). These changes were more prominent in the mitochondrial fraction than in the cytosolic fraction. In contrast, genetic overexpression of GPx‐1 significantly attenuated cocaine‐induced oxidative damage in mice. Cocaine treatment significantly increased alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels in the serum. Consistently, cocaine significantly enhanced cleaved caspase‐3 expression and intramitochondrial Ca2+, while significantly reducing mitochondrial transmembrane potential. Cocaine treatment potentiated cleavage of protein kinase C δ (PKCδ), mitochondrial translocation of PKCδ, cytosolic release of cytochrome c and activation of caspase‐3, followed by hepatopathologic changes. These results were more prominent in GPx‐1 knockout than in wild‐type mice, and they were less pronounced in overexpressing transgenic than in non‐transgenic mice. Combined, our results suggest that the GPx‐1 gene possesses protective potential against mitochondrial oxidative burden, mitochondrial dysfunction and hepatic degeneration induced by cocaine and that the protective mechanisms are associated with anti‐apoptotic activity via inactivation of PKCδ.
Population mobility associated with higher risk sexual behaviour in eastern African communities participating in a Universal Testing and Treatment trial
Authors: Camlin Carol S , Akullian Adam , Neilands Torsten B , Getahun Monica , Eyul Patrick , Maeri Irene , Ssali Sarah , Geng Elvin , Gandhi Monica , Cohen Craig R , Kamya Moses R , Odeny Thomas , Bukusi Elizabeth A , Charlebois Edwin D 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntroductionThere are significant knowledge gaps concerning complex forms of mobility emergent in sub‐Saharan Africa, their relationship to sexual behaviours, HIV transmission, and how sex modifies these associations. This study, within an ongoing test‐and‐treat trial (SEARCH, NCT01864603), sought to measure effects of diverse metrics of mobility on behaviours, with attention to gender.MethodsCross‐sectional data were collected in 2016 from 1919 adults in 12 communities in Kenya and Uganda, to examine mobility (labour/non‐labour‐related travel), migration (changes of residence over geopolitical boundaries) and their associations with sexual behaviours (concurrent/higher risk partnerships), by region and sex. Multilevel mixed‐effects logistic regression models, stratified by sex and adjusted for clustering by community, were fitted to examine associations of mobility with higher‐risk behaviours, in past 2 years/past 6 months, controlling for key covariates.ResultsThe population was 45.8% male and 52.4% female, with mean age 38.7 (median 37, IQR: 17); 11.2% had migrated in the past 2 years. Migration varied by region (14.4% in Kenya, 11.5% in southwestern and 1.7% in eastern and Uganda) and sex (13.6% of men and 9.2% of women). Ten per cent reported labour‐related travel and 45.9% non‐labour‐related travel in past 6 months—and varied by region and sex: labour‐related mobility was more common in men (18.5%) than women (2.9%); non‐labour‐related mobility was more common in women (57.1%) than men (32.6%). In 2015 to 2016, 24.6% of men and 6.6% of women had concurrent sexual partnerships; in past 6 months, 21.6% of men and 5.4% of women had concurrent partnerships. Concurrency in 2015 to 2016 was more strongly associated with migration in women [aRR = 2.0, 95% CI(1.1 to 3.7)] than men [aRR = 1.5, 95% CI(1.0 to 2.2)]. Concurrency in past 6 months was more strongly associated with labour‐related mobility in women [aRR = 2.9, 95% CI(1.0 to 8.0)] than men [aRR = 1.8, 95% CI(1.2 to 2.5)], but with non‐labour‐related mobility in men [aRR = 2.2, 95% CI(1.5 to 3.4)].ConclusionsIn rural eastern Africa, both longer‐distance/permanent, and localized/shorter‐term forms of mobility are associated with higher‐risk behaviours, and are highly gendered: the HIV risks associated with mobility are more pronounced for women. Gender‐specific interventions among mobile populations are needed to combat HIV in the region.
Fungal parasites of a toxic inedible cyanobacterium provide food to zooplankton
Authors: Frenken Thijs , Wierenga Joren , van Donk Ellen , Declerck Steven A. J. , de Senerpont Domis Lisette N. , Rohrlack Thomas , Van de Waal Dedmer B. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDuring the end of spring and throughout summer, large‐sized phytoplankton taxa often proliferate and form dense blooms in freshwater ecosystems. In many cases, they are inedible to zooplankton and prevent efficient transfer of energy and elements to higher trophic levels. Such a constraint may be alleviated by fungal parasite infections on large‐sized phytoplankton taxa like diatoms and filamentous cyanobacteria, as infections may provide zooplankton with a complementary food source in the form of fungal zoospores. Zoospores have been shown to support somatic growth of large filter feeding zooplankton species. Here, we tested if selectively feeding zooplankton, more specifically rotifers, also can use fungal zoospores as a food source. Our results show that chytrid fungal parasites can indeed support population growth of rotifers (Keratella sp.). Specifically, in cultures of an inedible filamentous cyanobacterium (Planktothrix rubescens), Keratella populations rapidly declined, while in Planktothrix cultures infected with chytrids, Keratella population growth rate equaled the growth observed for populations fed with a more suitable green algal diet (Chlorella sorokiniana). Feeding of Keratella on zoospores was furthermore indicated by a reduced number of zoospores during the last sampling day. These findings not only imply that rotifers may survive on zoospores, but also that the zoospores can support high rotifer population growth rates. We thus show that fungal parasites of inedible cyanobacteria can facilitate grazers by providing them alternative food sources. Together, these results highlight the important role that parasites may play in the aquatic plankton food web.