bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geriatric Dentistry: A Review
Authors: Chaudhary A , Ingle NA , Kaur N , Dhankar K 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Education in geriatric medicine is in its infancy in India and geriatric dentistry is nonexistent. Poor oral health is linked to serious systemic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and stroke. Edentulousness and paucity of prosthodontic rehabilitation prevent the elderly from choosing food that they like and deny them the pleasure of eating, which is essential for a feeling of wellbeing. Oral mucosal diseases and lesions are common in elderly people. Many older adults have pigmented and benign soft-tissue and hard-tissue conditions. Lichenoid mucosal lesions can also be caused by a variety of medications commonly prescribed in older patients. The prevalence of leukoplakia and lichen planus in older people ranges from 1.0 to 4.8% and 1.1 to 6.6%, respectively. Fifty percent of zoster patients over 60 years of age will develop postherpetic neuralgia that may persist for months or even years. Root surface caries result from an age-related condition that develops on cementum following gingival recession or as an extension of existing coronal caries onto the root surface coronal caries are also quite prevalent among older persons. A recent survey of 65-74-year-old in Madagascar observed that the mean number of DMFT was 20.2. In China, second national oral health survey revealed that the mean number of decayed and filled teeth was 2.5 at old age, and study in India confirmed this figure observed in China, the mean number of decayed teeth being 2.5. Denture stomatitis is a common oral mucosal lesion of clinical importance in old-age populations. The prevalence rate of stomatitis is reported within the range of 11-67% in complete denture wearers. Other major denture-related lesions include denture hyperplasia and traumatic ulcer; their prevalence rates in old-age denture wearers range from 4 to 26%.
Labially Positioned Rudimentary Mesiodens – A Case Report
Authors: Kayalvizhi G , Tayab T 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
This is a case report that describes a labially positioned rudimentary mesiodens in between the fully erupted maxillary central incisors in a 10-year-old girl. It was partially erupted in the oral cavity, without causing malocclusion or displacement of adjacent teeth. The clinical and radiographic appearance and therapeutic considerations are presented. The diverse modes of presentation of this common dental anomaly are described in this case report to alert the clinician.
Prosthetic Rehabilitation for Patients with Maxillectomy – A Case Report
Authors: Madhumathi V , RaghavendraSwamy KN , Gujjari AK , Ravi MB , LNU Ganesh 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Fabrication of obturator for maxillectomy patient is not a easy task due to lack of anatomic structures required for support, retention and stability of the prosthesis. This clinical report describes the Prosthodontic management of patient operated for tumour. The technique described in this article to fabricate the hollow obturator is a variation of other well-known techniques, it can be fabricated in single day with very simple and easily available materials even in a very small dental setup like public health center or a satellite clinic.
An Insight into the Role of Benefical Bacteria in Periodontal Pocket Recolonization: A Literature Review
Authors: Apoorva SM , Suchetha A , Mundinamane DB , Bhopale DP , Bharwani A , Prasad R 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTMicroflora can be found in both caries-free and periodontitis-free people and caries-affected and periodontitis-affected people, and many clinical studies reveal that the portion of certain bacterial species such as Streptococcus mutans or Porphyromonas gingivalis, respectively, is increased in patients with caries or periodontitis. Therefore, it seems that the competition that results between beneficial bacteria and virulent bacteria leads to either a healthy or sick status of human beings. Competition between members of the dental microflora and there role in pocket recolonization is very complex and many antagonistic characteristics can be observed from competition for initial attachment on tooth surfaces or for later attachment to pioneer bacteria, competition from bacteriocins or hydrogen peroxide secreted and from facilitating the growth of some species which inhibit other species. To date only some of the details of these mechanisms are known. The present review will provide an overview on the prevalence of beneficial bacteria and the major mechanisms of oral bacterial interactions. Due to the large number of oral bacterial species, only the best characterized species are included in this review.
Reflection Over Doctor Patient Relationship: A Promise of Trust
Authors: Prasad S , Dhingra C , Anand R 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
The doctor patient relationship is of primary importance in the overall health care delivery model. It is a unique relationship which depends on trust and confidence between the parties for the provision of care. Establishing a doctor/patient relationship may take place formally in the office setting or informally, such as by giving verbal advice in a social setting. Doctors enter into a doctor-patient relationship with a commitment to provide their patients with quality service. Patients are entitled to be treated with respect and without discrimination during all stages of the doctor patient relationship, even if the relationship faces termination. However, when circumstances affect the doctors ability to achieve this, the doctors may decide to end the doctors patient relationship.
Antimicrobial Effect of Honey on Streptococcus Mutans of Dental Plaque
Authors: Yadav NR , Garla BK , Reddy VK , Tandon S , Prasad S 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Dental plaque consists of various pathogenic microorganisms like streptococcus mutans. Since ancient times it has been proved that honey has anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, antiparasitic, antimutagenic and antitumour effect. So, this study was conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of honey on streptococcus mutans count before and after application of honey at a definite time interval.

Material and Method
The antimicrobial effect of Honey (Dabur honey, Dabur India) was tested on 20 volunteers from SGT Dental College who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Plaque samples were collected from 6 teeth of all 20 individuals at baseline. Then, after 2 hours honey was applied with cotton applicator using paint on technique. After one hour of application, plaque samples were collected again from the same teeth. All the collected plaque samples were cultured on MSA agar plates and colonies were counted.

Results
Paired T test was applied to compare the mean bacterial count before and after application. After honey application, it was observed that the colony count of streptococcus mutans was reduced in significant amount. Conclusion - It was concluded from the study that honey has antimicrobial effect on streptococcus mutans.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Towards Personal Protective Measures Adapted by Dental Practitioners in Agra City - A Cross Infection Control Measure
Authors: Gupta R , Ingle NA , Kaur N , Dubey HV , Ingle E 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction
CDC (Center for Disease Control & prevention), who proposed Universal Precautions, states that “Treat each patient as potentially risk”. Therefore, it is our basic responsibility to control the spread of such devastating diseases by following infection control measures.

Aims & Objectives
To assess the various personal protective measures adapted by dental practitioners in Agra city and to know how many dentists are vaccinated against Hepatitis B for prevention of the spread of this disease.

Materials and Methods
The study included response using questionnaire from 150 dental practitioners from Agra city, chosen by random sampling. Questions were related to their personal protective measures employed by the dental practitioners and information about their prophylaxis against Hepatitis B was also obtained.

Results
Among the dental practitioners, 80% were males. Approximately 82% of the dental practitioners were vaccinated against HBV. Only 6% followed the CDC recommendations for hand washing practices, and about 64% dental practitioners gave wrong answers related to droplet infection.

Conclusion
Lack of awareness regarding universal precautions proposed by CDC is observed among dental practitioners. There is a great need for creating awareness among dental practitioners.
Prevalence of Tooth Loss in A Community in The South-West of Nigeria
Authors: Oremosu OA , Uti OG 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Aim
The aim of this study was to determine the pattern and prevalence of tooth loss amongst community dwelling adults in a suburban area of Lagos.

Methods
A questionnaire based study was carried out in a community in Lagos, Nigeria. Causes, pattern and factors affecting tooth loss were elucidated.

Result
Prevalence of adults with at least one missing tooth was 33.6%. More than half (64.1%) of the respondents had lost their teeth for more than 5 years. Tooth loss (42.3%) was more in the lower posterior region. There was a significant association of tooth loss to increasing age, previous visit to the dentist and gender. The males had 38.7% tooth loss in the anterior region while females had more tooth loss in the posterior region.

Conclusion
Prevalence of tooth loss was high. Tooth loss was more in the males. A higher percentage of tooth loss was found amongst the elderly.
Management Procedures Pain Used by Dental and Maxillofacial Surgeons: An Investigation With Special Regard To Odontalgia
Authors: Upadhyay Y 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Background
Little is known about the procedures used by indian dental and maxillofacial surgeons treating patients suffering from chronic orofacial pain (COP). This study aimed to evaluate the ambulatory management of COP.

Methods
Using a standardized questionnaire we collected data of dental and maxillofacial surgeons treating patients with COP. Therapists described variables as patients’ demographics, chronic pain disorders and their aetiologies, own diagnostic and treatment principles during a period of 3 months.

Results
Although only 14.5% of the 520 addressed therapists returned completely evaluable questionnaires, 985 patients with COP could be identified. An orofacial pain syndrome named atypical odontalgia (16.0 %) was frequent. Although those patients revealed signs of chronification, pain therapists were rarely involved (12.5%). For assessing pain the use of Analogue Scales (7%) orinterventional diagnostics (4.6%) was uncommon. Despite the fact that surgical procedures are cofactors of COP therapists preferred further surgery (41.9%) and neglected the prescription of analgesics (15.7%). However, most therapists self-evaluated the efficacy of their pain management as good (69.7 %).

Conclusion
Often ambulatory dental and maxillofacial surgeons do not follow guidelines for COP management despite a high prevalence of severe orofacial pain syndromes.
The Effectiveness of Three Different Plant Extracts Used as Irrigant in Removal of Smear Layer: A Scanning Electron Microscope Study
Authors: Gupta A , Goyal V , Duhan J , Hans S , Sangwan P 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Aim
In the present study, the role of three plant extracts as irrigant in root canal cleaning after instrumentation was evaluated. The effect of Syzygium aromaticum (S. Aromaticum), Ocimum sanctum (O. Sanctum) and Cinnamomum zeylanicum (C. zeylanicum) plant extracts was evaluated in smear layer removal.

Methods
The study was divided into different groups having 5 teeth each using various irrigating agents to evaluate smear layer removal. Group A: O. Sanctum extract; group A1: O. Sanctum extract with EDTA, group B: S. Aromaticum extract; group B1 S. Aromaticum extract with EDTA, group C: C. zeylanicum extract; group C1 C. zeylanicum extract with EDTA and two control group of 5 teeth each in group D: 3% NaOCl; group D1 3% NaOCl with EDTA (as positive control) and group E: Distilled water (as negative control); group E1 3% Distilled water with EDTA. Each tooth was split longitudinally and prepared for examination by scanning electron microscopy.

Results
The herbal extracts were effective in cleaning root canal walls when combine with EDTA with maximum activity of S. Aromaticum extract with EDTA group.

Conclusion
Under the condition of present study the three herbal plant extracts were ineffective in removal of smear layer when used alone.
Dental Caries Experience Among Pre-School Children Of Udupi Taluk, Karnataka, India
Authors: Singhal DK , Acharya S , Thakur AS 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Aim
To determine the dental caries experience of pre-school children attending anganwadi and day care centre in Udupi Taluk.

Materials and Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 825 pre-school children attending Anganwadi and day care centers in Udupi Taluk. Dental caries was assessed using Dentition status and treatment needs (WHO, 1997). Data was analyzed using SPSS 16.0 with significance level at P value < 0.05. Chi-square test was used to find out the significant differences. Level of significance was taken

Results
Dental caries experience was significantly higher among anganwadi children (3.74±3.58) as compared to day care children (3.26±3.32). The prevalence of dental caries was 64.2% among anganwadi children and 61.0% among day care children. Girls had slightly higher mean deft score, mean number of decayed teeth, filled teeth and lower missing teeth as compared to boys.

Conclusion
High caries experience in this study revealed that there is a great need to plan and conduct oral health promotion initiatives and treatment activities for preschool children. The oral health education at initial stages would help in improving preventive dental behavior and attitude which is beneficial for lifelong.
Socio-Demographic Determinants Of Utilization Of Dental Services Among Secondary School Students
Authors: Enabulele JE , Chukwumah NM 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Objective
This study evaluated the socio demographic determinants of utilization of dental services among secondary school students.

Method
A cross-sectional study of secondary school students attending schools in the immediate vicinity of a tertiary health facility that provides dental services. The analysis was done using frequency distribution, logistic regression, cross tabulations and test of significance with chi square. P< 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
A total of 741 students participated in the study with 207 (27.9%) reporting dental visits mainly when they had dental problems. There was statistically significant association between the type of student, class and utilization of oral health services. Logistic regression showed no socio demographic factor was predictive of utilization of oral health services.

Conclusion
Although knowledge of who a dentist is was high, utilization of dental services was poor with no socio demographic factor being a predictor of utilization of dental services.
Dentition Status, Periodontal Status, Dentofacial Anomalies and Treatment Needs Among Differently Abled Children in Chennai
Authors: Chaly Preetha Elizabeth , Srinidhi S , Vaishnavi S , Shalini P , Priyadarshni V Indra 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND
Oral health is an important aspect of health for all children, and is more important for children with special health needs.

AIM
The study was done to assess the dentition status, periodontal status, dentofacial anomalies and treatment needs of differently abled children attending special schools in Chennai.

MATERIALS AND METHOD
A cross sectional study was conducted among 6 - 18 year old hearing and speech impaired children and visually impaired children in Chennai. A cluster sampling methodology was followed for the selection of study subjects. The final sample size for the study was 624 hearing and speech impaired children and 506 visually impaired children. The data was collected using WHO Assessment Form (WHO 1997) modified. Statistical analysis was done using Pearson chi-square test and Student t test.

RESULTS
Overall mean dmft/DMFT among differently abled children was (0.58+1.46)/ (0.50+0.93). Dental caries experience was more among hearing and speech impaired children with mean dmft/DMFT being (0.67+1.44) / (0.52+0.95) and it was statistically significant(P<0.05) with visually impaired children in case of dmft. Overall mean DAI was (22.3+5.4)) and malocclusion was predominant among visually impaired children compared to hearing and speech impaired children and it was statistically significant (P<0.001) The periodontal conditions were poorer among visually impaired children with most of them having calculus and it was statistically significant (P<0.05) compared to hearing and speech impaired children. Traumatic injuries were seen more among visually impaired children compared to hearing and speech impaired children and it was statistically very highly significant (P<0.001). Hearing and speech impaired children needed more treatment than the visually impaired children with majority of them needing restorations.

CONCLUSION
It can be concluded from the study that even though the oral health status and treatment needs of differently abled children is not alarming, a prevention based intervention program directed especially towards dental caries and periodontal health is recommended for these special groups for a better productive life in future.
Predictors Of Dental Disease Among Youth Incarcerated At A Toronto-Area Youth Centre
Authors: Van Harten MT , Lawrence HP , Quiñonez C , Goodman D 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Canadian correctional institutions provide dental services to a vulnerable cohort ofyoung people: incarcerated youth. Published data on the oral health of thiscohortis not available.

Objective
To determine the oral health status of youth in a closed-custody facility in a large Canadian centre

Methods
A cross-sectional study of youth incarcerated ata Toronto-area facility was conducted from September 2010 till July 2011. Participants completed a survey on social, correctional and oral health histories, and underwent oral examination.

Results
Of 101adolescent participants, 81.2% had permanent teeth affected by tooth decay. In this group, an average of 4.39 teeth were affected and. the proportion of decayed teeth was 0.51. Race, custody history and case status were predictors of poor oral health.

CONCLUSIONS
By quantifying the need for oral health services and by identifying variables associated with greater dental disease, these findings may assist health care providers in youth correctional facilities with their program planning for their high-needs wards.
Tympanostomy Tube Selection: A Review of the Evidence
Authors: Sandra Ho , Kay David J 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Tympanostomy tube (TT) insertion for ventilation of the middle ear is one of most commonly performed procedures in the United States. Indications for tube insertion include otitis media with effusion, recurrent acute otitis media, hearing loss caused by middle ear effusion and persistent acute otitis media. In general, TTs are divided into two categories, short-term tubes and long-term tubes. Depending on the indications for tube placement and surgeon experience with the TT, different tubes can be used. A myriad of tubes have been created since their first documented use in 1845 in attempts to provide better middle ear ventilation, improve ease of placement and prevent complications, such as post-tube otorrhea, persistent perforation and tube occlusion. In order for a tube to be effective, it should be biocompatible with the middle ear to minimize a foreign body reaction. Teflon and silicone remain two of the most commonly used materials in TTs. In addition, the tube design also plays a role for insertion and retention times of TTs. Lastly, TTs can also be coated with various substances, such as silver-oxide, phosphorylcholine and more recently, antibiotics and albumin, in order to prevent biofilm formation and decrease the rate of post-TT otorrhea. Persistent middle ear effusion affects many children each year and can impact their quality of life as well as hearing and language development. With nearly 1 out of every 15 children by the age of 3 years receiving TTs, it is imperative that the right tube be chosen to facilitate optimal ventilation of the middle ear while minimizing complications.

How to cite this article
Ho S, Kay DJ. Tympanostomy Tube Selection: A Review of the Evidence. Int J Head Neck Surg 2016;7(1):17-22.
Polyp within the Center of a Vocal Fold Sulcus: A Proposed Pathophysiologic Construct
Authors: Mor Niv , Hernandez-Prera Juan C , Tang Christopher , Blitzer Andrew 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTObjectiveWe noted unusual cases of vocal fold polyps originating from the center of vocal sulci and propose a possible etiology for the development of these lesions.Materials and methodsThree patients presented to our office with acute onset dysphonia. Intraoperative examination revealed vocal polyps originating from the center of vocal sulci. Lesions were treated with microflap excisions and were sent for histopathologic analysis.ResultsPathology of the excised lesions showed a parakeratotic squamous epithelium with mild inflammation and with dilated vascularity suggesting an acute or subacute process. Patients had voice improvement without recurrence of the vocal-polyp or sulcus following surgical excision.ConclusionWe speculate that the observed lesions result from phonotrauma to congenital sulci and propose that partial prolapse of the epithelium is responsible for the formation of the observed vocal polyps.How to cite this articleMor N, Hernandez-Prera JC, Tang C, Blitzer A. Polyp within the Center of a Vocal Fold Sulcus: A Proposed Pathophysiologic Construct. Int J Head Neck Surg 2016;7(1):47-50.