bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF CONSUMPTION OF ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS FOR SYSTEMIC USE IN HOSPITALS OF SAINT PETERSBURG IN 2014–2015
Authors: Gomon Yu. M. , Kurylev A. A. , Kolbin A. S. , Proskurin M. A. , Ivanov I. G. , Sidorenko S. V. , Arepieva M. A. , Sokolov A. V. 
Published: October 2018

Introduction. The overuse of antimicrobial agents, and poor adherence to infection control measures are leading factors in the development of bacterial resistance. Despite the existence of numerous guidelines for the management of patients with different sites of infections up to 50% of assignments of antimicrobial agents does not follow them.Aim. The aim of the study is to evaluate the structure and dynamics of the consumption of antimicrobial agents for systemic use in the multidisciplinary hospitals of St. Petersburg in 2014–2015.Materials and methods. From the database of IMS Health were selected information regarding the supply of antimicrobial agents for systemic use (ATC code J01) in hospitals of St.Petersburg in 2014–2015. The Number of purchased antimicrobial drugs (g) is translated into a number of Defined Daily Dose (DDDh) for each international non-proprietary name.Results. The level of consumption of AMP in 2014 was 83,3 DDDh/100 bed-days. In 2015, this figure amounted to 50,5 DDDh/100 bed-days. 70% of consumption of antimicrobial drug for systemic use in multidisciplinary hospitals amounted to 3 groups: fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins and semisynthetic penicillins. In 2015, in comparison with the previous year absolute value of fluoroquinolones decreased by 58% in favor of cephalosporins (+15%) while reducing the total number of DDDs used system antimicrobial agents (-40,5%), which is probably connected with the introduction into clinical practice of Russian clinical guidelines for the treatment of infections of various localizations and the perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis. There was growth in the number of purchased carbapenems and macrolides (+21 and +7% respectively) and significant decrease in the absolute number of purchased aminoglycosides (61%), with significant reduction in the consumption of expensive drugs: tigecycline, polymyxin, daptomycin, cefoperazone/sulbactam.Conclusion. The level and structure of consumption of antimicrobial agents corresponds to global data. The implementation of monitoring of antimicrobial therapy is an important factor influencing the volume and structure of consumption of antibacterial drugs.
DIFFICULTIES OF TUBERCULOSIS DETECTION BY A LOCAL PHISICIAN IN THE PERIOD OF THE EPIDEMIC OF INFLUENZA (CLINICAL CASE)
Authors: Borodulina E. A. , Inkova A. T. , Borodulina E. V. , Zelter P. M. , Matkina T. N. 
Published: October 2018

Purposeof issue is to show difficulties of detecting tuberculosis the general physician during epidemic of acute respiratory viral infection and flu, to show efficiency of modern methods of mycobacterial and HIV evaluation.Materials and methods. Clinical case from general physician’s practice was discussed. All methods from primary healthcare were used.Results. Possibilities of tuberculosis diagnostics by general physician during epidemic were shown. Tuberculosis was held under mask of flu. While carrying out diagnostic minimum negative results have been received. As a result of plane radiography dissemination was found. After analysis of social risk factors, analysis for HIV and «Diaskin-test» were made. Sputum also was sent for mycobacterium evaluation to antituberculosis center laboratory. Positive «Diaskintest» (8 mm), positive Gene-expert molecular-genetic test and BACTEC fluid growth were found. Diagnosis of tuberculosis was stated and patient was sent to specialized center.Conclusion. During flu epidemic alertness of general practitioners about tuberculosis is needed especially in social risk groups. It is recommended to enlarge diagnostic minimum using molecular genetic methods. These actions can improve rate of tuberculosis proving.
PERTUSSIS IN CHILDREN – CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE SAMARA REGION
Authors: Gasilina E. S. , Kitajchik S. M. , Gorelova I. A. , Kabanova N. P. , Fedoseeva O. A. , Bogoyavlenskaya I. Yu. , Revtovich O. M. , Bochkareva N. M. , Santalova G. V. , Frank A. A. 
Published: October 2018

Objective:to study the features of the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of whooping cough in children in the Samara region.Materials and methods: 389 cases of pertussis in the Samara region for 2015–2016 were analyzed.Results: it is shown that in spite of 95–98% vaccination coverage, in recent years there has been an increase in the incidence of whooping cough. Seasonality of morbidity remains. Among the children observed, the youngest children were not vaccinated against pertussis. The clinical picture of the disease remains typical with the classic course of catarrhal and spasmodic periods. Moderately severe forms of the disease predominate. Complications were noted mainly in unvaccinated children of the first year of life. The most frequent complications were pneumonia and apnea. There is a hypodiagnosis of pertussis in outpatient conditions. Infection often occurs under the mask of ARVI, while the sensitivity of the bacteriological method of diagnosis is zero. Of the methods for confirming the diagnosis, the most reliable is ELISA and PCR.Conclusion: these epidemiological and clinical features of pertussis current testify to the need to further improve methods of early diagnosis, especially express methods, etiopathagenetic treatment, specific prevention, antiepidemic measures in the foci of infection.
CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS INFECTION IN CHILDREN THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE
Authors: Babachenko I. V. , Samodova O. V. , Anokhin V. A. , Mikhaylova E. V. , Bogdanova A. V. , Evdokimov K. V. , Sharipova E. V. , Rogushina N. L. , Khaliullina S. V. , Chudakova T. K. , Yarushkina M. S. , Grigor’ev S. G. 
Published: October 2018

The purpose was to study the clinical and epidemiological features of respiratory syncytial virus infection in hospitalized children the first year of life with lower respiratory tract diseases in different regions of the Russian Federation (Russia) during the 2015–2016 epidemic season.Materials and methods: in the original study data of a multicentre observational study conducted on the basis of children’s hospitals in St. Petersburg, Arkhangelsk, Kazan, and Saratov are presented. Etiology of acute respiratory viral infections were confirmed by examination of smears from the posterior pharyngeal wall by polymerase chain reaction. The study sample included 991 child’s first year of life with lesions of the lower respiratory tract.Results. In the etiological structure of the surveyed children in the season of 2015-2016, RSVI ranged from 14% to 46,2%, an average of 33%. RSVI dominated in the Centers of St. Petersburg (38,3%), Arkhangelsk (36.2%) and Kazan (42.5 per cent).RSVI significantly more often (p<0.01) leads to the development of bronchiolitis (29.4% against 16.3% and 10.0%, with rhinovirus infection and parainfluenza, respectively. Patients with RSUI often develop pneumonia (23,5%) vs 20.6% and 20,0% with rhinovirus infection, and parainfluenza. Patients with RSVI often suffer severe forms of the disease require oxygen support (13,8%) and treatment in the departmentof intensive care (15,9%).Seasonal peaks of hospitalization due to RSVI in all Centres were recorded in December-April 2015 and 2016. Regional differences in monthly intensity of hospitalization of children with RSVI were established.Thus, the high prevalence of RSVI among children in the first year of life, especially with heavy and complicated forms of lower respiratory tract disorders requiring intensive care benefits, represents a socially important issue, which requires monitoring for effective prevention in children at risk.
RESULTS OF THE USE OF SOFOSBUVIR IN COMBINATION WITH LEDIPASVIR OR DACLATASVIR FOR CHRONIC HEPATITIS C TREATMENT IN THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS
Authors: Zhavoronok S. V. , Gutmane V. R. , Baryash T. M. , Soldatenko O. V. , Znovets T. V. , Mitsura V. M. , Voropaev E. V. , Gasich E. L. , Yagovdik-Telezhnaja E. N. , Sivachenko L. V. , Anisko L. A. , Zhmurovskaja L. S. , Krapivina S. V. , Yurovskij N. N. , Yurkevich I. V. , Karpov I. A. 
Published: October 2018

To evaluate the efficacy of therapy with sofosbuvir in combination with ledipasvir or daclatasvir, the results of treatment of 299 patients with chronic hepatitis C, including 128 non-responders to combined interferon plus ribavirin therapy, who have prognostically unfavorable single nucleotide polymorphisms 39743165T> G (rs8099917) and 39738787C> T (rs12979860) of interleukin-28B gene, were analyzed. 57 people had liver cirrhosis. 80,9% (242) had genotype 1 of hepatitis C virus, 5% (15) – genotype 2, 13,7% (41) – genotype 3, and 0,4% (1) – genotype 4.All 299 patients, who adhered to the recommendations of the European Association for the Study of the Liver 2016 and the American Association for the Study of the Liver Disease 2017, achieved a sustained virologic response 12 weeks after the end of therapy. The clinical case of treatment failure, associated with the lack of confirmation of the elimination of hepatitis C virus by means of highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction methods and with the later identified amino acid substitution in position Y93H of NS5A (resistance to NS5A inhibitors), is shown.It is necessary to carry out monitoring of effectiveness of therapy only by means of highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction (from 10 ME/ml). If the virus elimination delays in patients with advanced stages of liver fibrosis it is needed to use the prolonged schemes of treatment. Repeated treatment of patients with existence of a mutation of Y93H requires the use of new NS5A inhibitors or combined drugs.
REAL-TIME ELASTOGRAPHY AND ITS CLINICAL APPLICATION COMPARED WITH OTHER METHODS FOR EVALUATION OF THE LIVER FIBROSIS DEGREE IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C
Authors: Belopolskaya M. A. , Avrutin V. Yu. , Denisova O. D. , Lichnaya E. V. , Yushina E. Yu. , Gurina S. I. , Dmitriev A. V. , Yakovlev A. A. 
Published: October 2018

In this work we investigated to which extent the evaluation results of the degree of hepatic fibrosis obtained by realtime elastography (RTE) method are compatible with the results of the transient elastography (TE) and with the APRI indexes. We also analyzed the factors which can influence the reliability of the fibrosis degree evaluation obtained by different methods.Materials and methods. The study included 99 patients (60 women and 39 men) with HCV, examined in the polyclinic department of the Saint-Petersburg Botkin clinical infectious hospital in 2017. In 83 patients, the fibrosis degree in the liver tissue has been evaluated by the RTE method using HI VISION Preirus (Hitachi, Japan) with a linear sensor. In 67 patients, the evaluation has been performed by the TE method using Fibroscan (Echosens, France). Both methods have been applied to 51 patients.Conclusions. The aplication results of the RTE and TE methods do not differ significantly for patients with a severe fibrosis. Usually, the degree of fibrosis in patients with CHC obtained by the RTE is higher than the one obtained by the TE in the same patient. Due to the possibility to visualize a larger area under study, the RTE method has clear advantages in evaluating the degree of fibrosis in liver tissue in patients with focal changes in the liver. If the results obtained by the RTE and TE methods differ significantly, alternative methods must be used, such as a liver biopsy and biochemical methods.
ACTUAL ISSUES IN HIV INFECTION AND PREVENTION OF PERINATAL HIV TRANSMISSION IN THE SOUTH OF RUSSIA
Authors: Matuzkova A. N. , Suladze A. G. , Ryndich A. A. , Tverdokhlebova T. I. 
Published: October 2018

One of the serious negative consequences of the HIV infection epidemic is the involvement of women of reproductive age and children into the epidemic process. The problem of vertical HIV infection transmission does not lose its relevance and causes the need for continuous monitoring of measures to prevent the transmission of HIV from mother to child. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a set of measures to prevent the transmission of HIV infection from mother to child in the South of Russia.Materials and methods. The common methods of variation statistics were used in the work to analyze the data from the reporting forms of monitoring by Rospotrebnadzor «Imformation on measures for the prevention of HIV infection, hepatitis B and C, detection and treatment of HIV patients» and federal reporting forms N 61 «Information on contingents of patients with a disease caused by a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)» for 2016 and 2017, presented by the territorial Centers for Prevention and Control of AIDS of 15 RF subjects of the Southern Federal District and the North Caucasus Federal District.Results. In 2017, compared to 2016, the decrease in the number of births in HIV-positive women was traced on the territory of the South of Russia. In 2017, target levels of mother-child coverage with chemoprevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV during pregnancy (over 92%) and during childbirth (more than 93,5%) were achieved in the Southern Federal District and the North Caucasus Federal District. A high proportion of women with a detectable level of HIV replication before birth was revealed.Conclusion. The implementation of the recommended by standards preventive measures and the provision of antiretroviral drugs allowed to significantly increase the coverage of HIV infected pregnant women and their newborns with antiretroviral prophylactic treatment by 2018 which prevented HIV infection transmission from mothers to 8840 children. The problems that prevent the implementation of the full range of measures for the prevention of the vertical transmission of HIV in the South of Russia are identified and approaches for their solution are suggested.
The Joint Effects of Internal Auditors' Approach and Persuasion Tactics on Managers' Responses to Internal Audit Advice
Authors: Brown Timothy , Fanning Kirsten 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
Internal auditors frequently provide advice to managers as important input for accounting decisions. Recent practitioner guides have touted the merits of a participative or “coach” approach relative to a traditional “police officer” approach to the internal audit role. We conduct two experiments that test how managers respond to advice from an internal auditor using these different approaches. Results across both experiments suggest that when an internal auditor provides a professional favor (e.g., waives a standard investigation of an immaterial error), managers agree more with the internal auditor's advice only when he or she takes a participative approach. In contrast, a favor reduces managers' agreement with a more traditional internal auditor's advice. Our study contributes to practice by examining how an internal auditor's approach can change how favors influence corporate governance outcomes and contributes to the advice literature in accounting by highlighting the importance of expectancy confirmation.
Ragam Metode Ekstraksi Karotenoid dari Sumber Tumbuhan dalam Dekade Terakhir (Telaah Literatur)
Authors: Maleta Hana Susanti , Indrawati Renny , Limantara Leenawaty , Brotosudarmo Tatas Hardo Panintingjati 
Published: October 2018

Karotenoid adalah pigmen yang memberikan warna kuning, jingga hingga merah. Karotenoid merupakan pigmen pendamping klorofil atau zat hijau daun yang menjalankan fungsi penyerapan energi cahaya untuk fotosintesis. Sumber karotenoid utama adalah tumbuhan, yang selanjutnya dikonsumsi dan dimetabolisme atau terakumulasi dalam tubuh hewan. Terdapat lebih dari 3000 jenis karotenoid, dan beberapa jenis telah diketahui memiliki manfaat bagi kesehatan. Beberapa studi menyebutkan karotenoid berfungsi sebagai antioksidan, antikanker, dan membantu memelihara kesehatan mata. Ekstrak karotenoid telah diaplikasikan dalam berbagai produk pangan dan nutrasetikal. Dengan demikian, perkembangan teknologi metode ekstraksi karotenoid menjadi penting untuk diikuti. Ekstraksi karotenoid dilakukan dengan metode konvensional seperti maserasi ataupun modern seperti cairan superkritis, ultrasound asssisted extraction, enzimatik, pulsed electric field, dan pressurized liquid extraction. Sejumlah studi metode ekstraksi karotenoid dalam dekade terakhir disajikan dan dibahas dalam review berikut.
Perilaku Reduksi Briket Bijih Besi dan Batubara Peringkat Rendah Aceh
Authors: Ali Nurdin , Khairil Khairil , Saputra Mahendra 
Published: October 2018

Peneltian ini adalah bertujuan untuk mengkaji tentang pengolahan bijih besi menggunakan metode reduksi langsung berbasis pada batubara peringkat rendah dari Nagan Raya, Aceh. Proses reduksi langsung menggunakan reaktor pemanas listrik untuk mengsimulasikan temperatur reduksi. Temperatur reduksi yang digunakan adalah 550o, 650o, dan 750oC, kemudian dinjeksikan gas CO2 dan N2 sebanyak 10 dan 1 liter/menit sebagai media pereduksi. Rasio persen komposisi batubara, bijih besi dan ter yang digunakan adalah 80:10:10, 70:20:10, dan 60:30:10. Model shrinking core diaplikasikan untuk mempelajari prilaku reduksi briket bijih besi dan batubara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa laju reduksi meningkat dengan meningkatnya persen batubara briket, temperatur dan interval waktu reduksi. Laju penurunan massa dan reduksi briket maksimum terjadi pada temperatur 750oC dengan variasi campuran 60:30:10 adalah 0,237 dan 23,66%. Energi aktivasi untuk variasi batubara 10, 20 dan 30% berturut-turut adalah 10,14, 3,73 dan 2,82 kJ/mol.
Characterization of Polyether Sulfone (PES) Membranes Filled with Activated Carbon from Jatropha Seed Shell as Aditif for Elimination Peroxide Number and Free Fatty Acid in Used Cooking Oil
Authors: Aprilia Sri , Rosnelly Cut Meurah , Ramadhani Sri , Novarina Lia , Fathanah Umi , Djuned Fauzi Muhammad , Amin Amri 
Published: October 2018

Minyak goreng adalah bahan konsumsi yang penting dalam rumah tangga dan industri makanan. Sayangnya, sering digunakan berulang kali karena mahal. Tindakan ini mungkin tidak hanya berbahaya bagi kesehatan manusia, tetapi juga mempengaruhi nilai gizi dan mengurangi kualitas makanan. Kualitas reduksi ditunjukkan dengan meningkatnya jumlah peroksida dan jumlah asam lemak. Penelitian ini menggunakan membran PES yang dimodifikasi dengan penambahan karbon aktif dari kulit biji jarak sebagai aditif untuk mengurangi fouling dalam minyak goreng olahan. Membran diproduksi dengan metode presipitasi perendaman. Sementara, karbon diaktivasi dengan larutan KOH 0,1% dan dipanaskan dalam furnace pada temperatur 600oC.Membran dan karbon aktif dianalisis menggunakan metode FTIR. Analisis SEM menghasilkan membran asimetris dengan lapisan atas berpori dan lapisan bawah padat. Tiga campuran dalam penelitian ini dibuat dengan melarutkan PES yang dimodifikasi dengan karbon aktif pada 0%,3%, dan 5% (b/b) dalam N-methylpirrolidone. Pada penambahan karbon aktif 5% (b/b) dalam campuran membran menghasilkan koefisien permeabilitas tertinggi (L/P) sebesar 9,682 L m2bar-1h-1, pengurangan bilangan peroksida adalah 45% dan pengurangan asam lemak bebas adalah 72% dapat tercapai.
Fotokatalisis Nanopartikel Magnetis Zinc Ferrite dengan Penyinaran Cahaya UV dan Cahaya Tampak
Authors: Nurhasanah Iis , Priyono Priyono , Karnaji Karnaji , Richardina Very 
Published: October 2018

Nanopartikel magnetis ZnFe2O4 telah disintesis menggunakan metode presipitasi untuk degradasi rhodamine B dengan penyinaran cahaya UV dan cahaya tampak. Analisis pola difraksi sinar-X dan spektrum Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) menunjukkan pembentukan kubik spinel ZnFe2O4 dengan ukuran kristalit sekitar 13 nm. Spektrum absorpsi dalam rentang cahaya UV (200 nm) sampai cahaya tampak (~ 600 nm) dan celah energi 2,04 eV teramati dari pengukuran spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Sifat magnetik nanopartikel diukur menggunakan vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) menunjukkan sifat magnet lemah yang sesuai untuk aplikasi magnetis fotokatalis. Nanopartikel ZnFe2O4 menunjukkan aktivitas fotokatalisis dengan cahaya UV maupun cahaya tampak untuk degradasi rhodamine B dengan konstanta laju reaksi 8,2 x 10-3 /menit dan 4,5 x 10-3/menit.
Non-invasive evaluation of fluid dynamic of aortoiliac atherosclerotic disease: Impact of bifurcation angle and different stent configurations
Authors: Rigatelli Gianluca , Zuin Marco , Dell’Avvocata Fabio , Nanjundappa Aravinda , Daggubati Ramesh , Nguyen Thach 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Objectives
To non-invasively evaluate by computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis the physiology and rheology of aortoiliac bifurcation disease at different angles and different stent configurations.

Material and methods
For the analysis, we considered a physiologic model of abdominal aorta with an iliac bifurcation set at 30°, 45° and 70° without stenosis. Subsequently, a bilateral ostial common iliac stenosis of 80% was considered for each type of bifurcation. For the stent simulation, we reconstructed Zilver vascular self-expanding (Zilver; Cook, Bloomington, MN) and Palmaz Genesis Peripheral (Cordis, Miami, FL) stents.

Results
The physiologic model, across the different angles, static pressure, Reynolds number and stream function, were lower for the 30° bifurcation angle with a gradient from 70° to 30° angles, whereas all the other parameters were inversely higher. After stenting, all the fluid parameters decreased homogenously independent of the stent type, maintaining a gradient in favour of 30° compared to 45° and 70° angles. The absolute greater deviation from physiology was observed for low kissing when self-expandable stents were used across all angles; in particular, the wall shear stress was high at at 45° angle.

Conclusion
Bifurcation angle deeply impacts the physiology of aortoiliac bifurcations, which are used to predict the fluid dynamic profile after stenting. CFD, having the potential to be derived both from computed tomography scan or invasive angiography, appears to be an ideal tool to predict fluid dynamic profile before and after stenting in aortoiliac bifurcation.
Pemulsaan dan Ameliorasi Tanah Salin untuk Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Kedelai
Authors: Purwaningrahayu Runik Dyah , Taufiq Dan Abdullah 
Published: October 2018

<p class="teks">ABSTRACT<br /><br />Most salt-affected agricultural land has low productivity such that suitable management is required to improve the productivity. Negative effect of salinity stress can be reduced by growing salt-tolerant cultivars and soil amelioration. The objective of the research was to identify effective ameliorant and effect of mulching in improving soybean growth and yield on saline soil. The research was conducted on saline soil in Lamongan District that has electrical conductivity (EC) of 11.39 dS m-1 during dry season 2016. Treatments consists of two factors that were arranged in split plot design, and replicated three times. The main plot was mulching, i.e. without mulching and mulching with 3.5 ton ha-1 rice straw. The subplots were six amelioration traits, namely without amelioration (control), 120 kg ha-1 K2O, 750 kg ha-1 S, 5 ton ha-1 gypsum, 5 ton ha-1 manure and combination of 5 ton ha-1 manure+1.5 ton ha-1 gypsum. The soybean seed used was K-13, a saline tolerant genotipe. The results showed that mulching reduced soil EC, increased K and Ca absorption, leaf chlorophyll index, improved growth and yield. Soil amelioration with K2O, sulphur, gypsum, or combination of manure+gypsum decreased soil EC and soil pH. Amelioration with gypsum increased the grain yield of 36.3%. <br /><br />Keywords: EC, leaf chlorophyl index, salinity stress, soil management <br /><br /></p>