bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diurnal cycle of coastal anthropogenic pollutant transport over southern West Africa during the DACCIWA campaign
Authors: Deroubaix Adrien , Menut Laurent , Flamant Cyrille , Brito Joel , Denjean Cyrielle , Dreiling Volker , Fink Andreas , Jambert Corinne , Kalthoff Norbert , Knippertz Peter , Ladkin Russ , Mailler Sylvain , Maranan Marlon , Pacifico Federica , Piguet Bruno , Siour Guillaume , Turquety Solène 
Published: January 2019

Abstract. During the monsoon season, pollutants emitted by large coastal cities and
biomass burning plumes originating from central Africa have complex transport
pathways over southern West Africa (SWA). The
Dynamics–Aerosol–Chemistry–Cloud Interactions in West Africa (DACCIWA) field
campaign has provided numerous dynamical and chemical measurements in and
around the super-site of Savè in Benin (≈185 km away from the
coast), which allows quantification of the relative contribution of advected
pollutants. Through the combination of in situ ground measurements with
aircraft, radio-sounding, satellite, and high-resolution chemistry-transport
modeling with the CHIMERE model, the source attribution and transport
pathways of pollutants inland (here, NOx and CO) are
carefully analyzed for the 1–7 July 2016 period. The relative contributions
of different sources (i.e., emissions from several large coastal cities) to
the air quality in Savè are characterized. It is shown that a systematic
diurnal cycle exists with high surface concentrations of pollutants from
18:00 to 22:00 UTC. This evening peak is attributed to pollution transport
from the coastal city of Cotonou (Benin). Numerical model experiments
indicate that the anthropogenic pollutants are accumulated during the day
close to the coast and transported northward as soon as the daytime
convection in the atmospheric boundary layer ceases after 16:00 UTC,
reaching 8∘ N at 21:00 UTC. When significant biomass burning
pollutants are transported into continental SWA, they are mixed with
anthropogenic pollutants along the coast during the day, and this mixture is
then transported northward. At night, most of the coastal anthropogenic
plumes are transported within the planetary boundary layer (below about
500 m above ground level), whereas the biomass burning pollutants are mostly
transported above it, thus generally not impacting ground level air quality.
Characteristics and influencing factors of rainfall-induced landslide and debris flow hazards in Shaanxi Province, China
Authors: Zhang Ke , Wang Sheng , Bao Hongjun , Zhao Xiaomeng 
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Shaanxi Province, located in northwest China and spanning multiple
hydroclimatic and geological zones, has many areas largely suffering from
rainfall-induced landslide and debris flow. The objectives of this study are
to reveal the spatiotemporal characteristics of the two hazards and identify
their major controlling factors in this region based on a region-wide,
comprehensive ground-survey-based hazard inventory dataset from 2009 to 2012.
We investigated the spatiotemporal characteristics of the two hazards and
quantified the relationships between the occurrence rates of the two hazards
and their influencing factors, including antecedent rainfall amount, rainfall
duration, rainfall intensity, terrain slope, land cover type and soil type.
The results show that landslide has a higher occurrence rate and more
extensive distribution than debris flow in this region, while the two hazards
are both concentrated in the south with ample rainfall and steep terrains.
Both of the hazards show clear seasonalities: July–September for landslide
and July for debris flow. Rainfall characteristics (amount, duration and
intensity) and slope are the dominant factors controlling slope stability
across this region. Debris flow is more sensitive to these rainfall metrics
on the high-value ranges than landslide in this region. Land cover is another
influencing factor but soil type does not appear to impose consistent impacts
on the occurrence of the two hazards. This study not only provides
important inventory data for studying the landslide and debris flow hazards
but also adds valuable information for modeling and predicting the two
hazards to enhance resilience to these hazards in this region.
&#x93;Prevent[ing] &#x85; Restless Spirits from Exciting Disturbances&#x94;: Benjamin Franklin and the Wyoming Valley
Authors: Mulford Carla J. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
The controversy over the lands in the Wyoming Valley of Pennsylvania has been the stuff of legend (in stories of the Battle of Wyoming) and the historical record. Scholars in recent years have presented the history of the region as a contest between empires, between monied classes and common people seeking to eke out a living in a border region, and between individuals unsure of the political implications of democratic institutions. Left out of the narratives of the 1780s Wyoming controversy is a key figure who assisted in resolving the dispute: Benjamin Franklin. Biographers of Franklin have omitted discussion of his important intervention in the Wyoming events. Yet Franklin had a significant role to play as the controversy reached its resolution in the formation of the county of Luzerne.
La importancia de los efectos espaciales en la deuda municipal
Authors: Balaguer Coll Maria Teresa , Ivanova Toneva Mariya 
Published: January 2019

This article analyses the debt of local governments taking into account the presence of spatial interactions among neighbouring municipalities. To this end, the S2SLS and Spatial lag models were applied to a sample of 527 municipalities located in the Valencian Community (Spain) for the year 2015. The main results reveal a spatial correlation in outstanding debt among municipalities. The gender of the mayor, the grants and transfers received and the average payment period have direct effects on outstanding debt. In turn, the net savings index, inactive population, local income and the strength of the ruling political party have indirect effects on the municipal debt and indirect spatial effects on the debt of the neighbouring municipalities.
Este artículo analiza la deuda de los gobiernos locales teniendo en cuenta la presencia de interacciones espaciales entre los municipios vecinos. Para ello se utiliza una muestra 527 municipios de la Comunidad Valenciana, para el año 2015 y se aplican los modelos espaciales S2SLS y Spatial lag. Los principales resultados obtenidos muestran la existencia de autocorrelacion espacial en la deuda viva entre los municipios. Las variables género del alcalde, índice de subvenciones y transferencias recibidas y el periodo medio de pago presentan efectos directos sobre la deuda viva. Mientras que, el índice de ahorro neto, la población no activa, la renta local y la fortaleza política tienen efectos directos en la deuda del municipio y efectos espaciales indirectos en la deuda de los municipios vecinos.
Temas emergentes en contabilidad y control de gestión
Authors: Dávila Antonio 
Published: January 2019

Organizations are at an interesting inflection point where existing paradigms are insufficient. The focus on execution as the main source of competitive advantage has been the dominant paradigm since the late 19th century. It is not enough. The dynamism brought by billions of people joining the market economy and by the exponential development across a large number of technologies requires complementing execution with managing for creation. Management accounting and control is not immune to these changes. Rather, its future development will determine its relevance to management. This paper reflects on some of the opportunities opening for this management discipline to keep its significance to managers. The paper explores new challenges in supporting execution and its role in creating new sources of value.
Las organizaciones están en un punto de inflexión donde los paradigmas existentes son insuficientes. El enfoque en la ejecución como la fuente más importante de ventaja competitiva ha sido el paradigma dominante desde el siglo XIX. No es suficiente. El dinamismo que ha traído el hecho de que más de mil millones de personas se hayan sumado a la economía de mercado y el desarrollo exponencial de un número significativo de nuevas tecnologías requiere complementar la ejecución con gestionar la creación. La contabilidad y control de gestión no son inmunes a estos cambios. Es más, su desarrollo en los próximos años determinará su relevancia para los gestores. Este artículo refleja algunas de las oportunidades que se están abriendo a esta disciplina de gestión para seguir siendo significativa para los ejecutivos de las organizaciones. El artículo explora los retos para seguir apoyando la ejecución así como su papel creando nuevas fuentes de valor.
La economía colaborativa: un nuevo modelo económico
Authors: Sastre-Centeno José Manuel , Inglada Galiana Elena 
Published: January 2019

La denominada economía colaborativa está instalándose paulatinamente en la sociedad como un nuevo modelo económico, social, cultural e inclusive legal, fomentado por un cambio en múltiples valores y por las nefastas consecuencias de la crisis económica. También, las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación y la aparición de redes sociales son factores que han facultado la creación de nuevas formas de satisfacer las necesidades de las personas. Es un hecho que la economía colaborativa ha llegado con fuerza, con anhelos de cambiar muchas cosas y todo parece señalar que nos encontramos frente a un fenómeno destinado a persistir y a ampliar sus horizontes. No obstante, es importante no considerarla como una sustituta al sistema actual sino como un complemento que brinda más oportunidades y normaliza los modelos del consumo. Esta imparable economía se ha propagado a materias como el alquiler de viviendas, viajes, transportes o finanzas, entre otros muchos sectores. Estamos siendo testigos de un hecho patente con una justificación, el capitalismo sin control. Dicha realidad puede ser una solución a una recesión económica, puesto que permite el intercambio en casos de necesidad. Es la complementación favorable desde un enfoque renovador, económico, social y ecológico. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es ver en qué se ha convertido este nuevo movimiento en la actualidad y sus viables potencialidades.
Identification and characterization of capsule depolymerase Dpo48 from Acinetobacter baumannii phage IME200
Authors: Liu Yannan , Mi Zhiqiang , Mi Liyuan , Huang Yong , Li Puyuan , Liu Huiying , Yuan Xin , Niu Wenkai , Jiang Ning , Bai Changqing , Gao Zhancheng 
Published: January 2019

Background
The emergence of multidrug- or extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii has made it difficult to treat and control infections caused by this bacterium. It is urgently necessary to search for alternatives to conventional antibiotics for control of severe A. baumannii infections. In recent years, bacteriophages and their derivatives, such as depolymerases, showed great potential as antibacterial or antivirulence agents against bacterial infections. Nonetheless, unlike broad-spectrum bactericidal antibiotics, phage-encoded depolymerase targets only a limited number of bacterial strains. Therefore, identification of novel depolymerases and evaluation of their ability to control A. baumannii infections is important.

Methods
A bacteriophage was isolated from hospital sewage using an extensively drug-resistant A. baumannii strain as the host bacterium, and the phage’s plaque morphology and genomic composition were studied. A polysaccharide depolymerase (Dpo48) was expressed and identified, and the effects of pH and temperature on its activity were determined. Besides, a serum killing assay was conducted, and amino acid sequences homologous to those of putative polysaccharide depolymerases were compared.

Results
Phage IME200 yielded clear plaques surrounded by enlarged halos, with polysaccharide depolymerase activity against the host bacterium. A tail fiber protein with a Pectate_lyase_3 domain was identified as Dpo48 and characterized . Dpo48 was found to degrade the capsule polysaccharide of the bacterial surface, as revealed by Alcian blue staining. Dpo48 manifested stable activity over a broad range of pH (5.0–9.0) and temperatures (20–70 °C). Results from in vitro serum killing assays indicated that 50% serum was sufficient to cause a five log reduction of overnight enzyme-treated bacteria, with serum complement playing an important role in these killing assays. Moreover, Dpo48 had a spectrum of activity exactly the same as its parental phage IME200, which was active against 10 out of 41 A. baumannii strains. Amino acid sequence alignment showed that the putative tail fiber proteins had a relatively short, highly conserved domain in their N-terminal sequences, but their amino acid sequences containing pectate lyase domains, found in the C-terminal regions, were highly diverse.

Conclusions
Phage-encoded capsule depolymerases may become promising antivirulence agents for preventing and controlling A. baumannii infections.
Effect of agricultural land-use change on ant dominance hierarchy and food preferences in a temperate oak forest
Authors: Castillo-Guevara Citlalli , Cuautle Mariana , Lara Carlos , Juárez-Juárez Brenda 
Published: January 2019

Background
The discovery-dominance trade-off is the inverse relationship between the ability of a species to discover resources and the species’ dominance of those resources; a paradigm used to explain species coexistence in ant communities dependent on similar resources. However, factors such as stress (e.g., temperature) or disturbance (e.g., removal of biomass) associated with the change in land use, can modify this trade-off. Here, we aimed to determine the potential effects of land use change on dominance hierarchy, food preferences and on the discovery-dominance trade-off.

Methods
An experiment with baits was used to investigate the dominance hierarchies of ant communities in a temperate mountain habitat in central Mexico. We evaluated the dominance index (DI), food preferences and discovery-dominance trade-offs of ants inhabiting two types of vegetation: a native oak forest and agricultural land resulting from agricultural land use and grazing.

Results
The ant communities in both environments were comprised of three species of ants (Monomorium minimum, Myrmica mexicana, and Camponotus picipes pilosulus), four morphospecies (Pheidole sp.1 and Pheidole sp.2, Temnothorax sp. and Lasius sp.) and one genus (Formica spp.). All Formicidae showed values of intermediate to low DI, and this factor did not seem to be influenced by the change in land use. Ants in the modified vegetation (i.e., agricultural land) were found to be numerically greater. Overall, a higher number of visits were registered to the tuna bait, although the duration of foraging events to the honey baits was longer. However, foraging times were dependent on the species considered: the generalized Myrmicinae, M. minimum, the ant species with highest DI, foraged for longer periods of time in the agricultural land and on the tuna bait. Meanwhile, the cold-climate specialist Formica spp., with a lower DI, foraged for longer periods of time in the oak (although not significant) and on the honey bait. We found little evidence of the discovery-dominance trade-off; instead, we found considerable diversity in the strategies used by the different species to access resources. This range of strategies is well represented by the generalized Myrmicinae M. minimum, the cold-climate specialists Formica spp. and Temnothorax sp., and the rare species, as the cold climate specialist Lasius sp. (insinuators).

Conclusions
Our evaluation shows that transformation of the original habitat does not appear to affect the hierarchical dominance of the ant communities, but it does affect their food preferences. Species with higher DI values such as the generalized Myrmicinae are more skilled at resource acquisition in modified habitats. Our results suggest that change in land use promotes an increase in the diversity of foraging strategies used by different ant species. This diversity may contribute to resource partitioning which favors coexistence.
Subalternos e periferias: uma leitura a partir de Gramsci
Authors: Semeraro Giovanni 
Published: January 2019

<p><em> </em></p><p><strong>R e s u m o</strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p>Além dos temas mais conhecidos sobre hegemonia, intelectuais, partido, classe operaria e das questões sociais, culturais e políticas vinculadas à Itália e à Europa, Gramsci dedica parte considerável das suas reflexões aos “grupos sociais subalternos” e aos fermentos que ocorrem nas “periferias” do sistema. Neste texto, portanto, se procura analisar esse universo, não apenas para chamar a atenção sobre um assunto pouco considerado pelos estudiosos de Gramsci, mas principalmente para resgatar elementos de grande valor e originalidade que podem contribuir ao debate que hoje se trava em torno dos numerosos movimentos de insurgência nas periferias e do significado das prementes reivindicações que as manifestações dos “subalternos” levantam em diversas partes do mundo.</p><p> </p>
Evaluating scientific research: Belief, hindsight bias, ethics, and research evaluation
Authors: Hom Harry L. , Van Nuland Abigail L. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryStudents may exhibit two forms of cognitive biases, belief and hindsight bias, in evaluating a scientific experiment. Counter to disagreement, they may only believe an outcome that agrees with their belief to be more predictable in hindsight than foresight. The focus of this research is on the relationship between these biases. Students were queried about their dichotomous beliefs (learned vs. genetic) about behavior for an animal experiment and then assigned randomly to a no‐outcome or genetic outcome condition. With agreement between students' belief and outcome, the findings revealed hindsight bias (foreseeability) supported by the outcomes for surprise, disappointment, ethics, and research evaluation. With disagreement, hindsight bias was trumped along with perceiving the experiment as being less ethical and scientifically sound. Regardless of the outcome, students seem to adhere to their beliefs. Hence, students may believe that the outcome is inconsequential because it is obvious or contrary to their beliefs.
Rational Design of Photoelectrodes with Rapid Charge Transport for Photoelectrochemical Applications
Authors: Sheng Xia , Xu Tao , Feng Xinjian 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPhotoelectrode materials are the heart of photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells, which hold great promise to address global energy and environmental issues by converting solar energy into electricity or chemical fuels. In recent decades, significant research efforts have been devoted to the design and construction of photoelectrodes for the efficient generation and utilization of charge carriers to boost PEC performance. Herein, insights from a literature study on the relationship between the architecture and charge dynamics of photoelectrodes are presented. After briefly introducing the fundamental theories of charge dynamics in nanostructured photoelectrodes, the development of photoelectrode design in 1D polycrystalline nanotube arrays, 1D single‐crystalline nanowire arrays, and hierarchical and mesoporous nanowire arrays is reviewed with a focus on the interplay between architecture and charge transport properties. For each design, commonly used synthetic approaches and the corresponding charge transport properties are discussed. Subsequently, the applications of these photoelectrodes in PEC systems are summarized. In conclusion, future challenges in the rational design of photoelectrode architecture are presented. The basic relationships between the architectures and charge dynamics of photoelectrode materials discussed here are expected to provide pertinent guidance and a reference for future advanced material design targeting improved light energy conversion systems.
ZnO Nanosheets Abundant in Oxygen Vacancies Derived from Metal‐Organic Frameworks for ppb‐Level Gas Sensing
Authors: Yuan Hongye , Aljneibi Saif Abdulla Ali Alateeqi , Yuan Jiaren , Wang Yuxiang , Liu Hui , Fang Jie , Tang Chunhua , Yan Xiaohong , Cai Hong , Gu Yuandong , Pennycook Stephen John , Tao Jifang , Zhao Dan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSurmounting the inhomogeniety issue of gas sensors and realizing their reproducible ppb‐level gas sensing are highly desirable for widespread deployments of sensors to build networks in applications of industrial safety and indoor/outdoor air quality monitoring. Herein, a strategy is proposed to substantially improve the surface homogeneity of sensing materials and gas sensing performance via chip‐level pyrolysis of as‐grown ZIF‐L (ZIF stands for zeolitic imidazolate framework) films to porous and hierarchical zinc oxide (ZnO) nanosheets. A novel approach to generate adjustable oxygen vacancies is demonstrated, through which the electronic structure of sensing materials can be fine‐tuned. Their presence is thoroughly verified by various techniques. The sensing results demonstrate that the resultant oxygen vacancy‐abundant ZnO nanosheets exhibit significantly enhanced sensitivity and shortened response time toward ppb‐level carbon monoxide (CO) and volatile organic compounds encompassing 1,3‐butadiene, toluene, and tetrachloroethylene, which can be ascribed to several reasons including unpaired electrons, consequent bandgap narrowing, increased specific surface area, and hierarchical micro–mesoporous structures. This facile approach sheds light on the rational design of sensing materials via defect engineering, and can facilitate the mass production, commercialization, and large‐scale deployments of sensors with controllable morphology and superior sensing performance targeted for ultratrace gas detection.
2D Schottky Junction between Graphene Oxide and Transition‐Metal Dichalcogenides: Photoresponsive Properties and Electrocatalytic Performance
Authors: Zhou Huawei , Guo Junxue , Wang Can , Liu Xuejing , Shi Shaozhen , Wei Jiazhen , Pu Xipeng , Li Wenzhi , Zhang Dafeng , Wang Jie , Ren Xiaozhen , Ma Huiyan , Shao Xin , Wei Xinting , Zhao Jinsheng , Yin Jie , Zhang Xianxi 
Published: January 2019

Abstract2D graphene is conductor and not a semiconductor. 2D transition—metal dichalcogenides (TMD) is a semiconductor and not a conductor. Preparing 2D composite material that simultaneously possesses both advantages of graphene and TMD has proven to be challenging. In this work, both 2D‐WS2/2D‐GO and 2D‐MoS2/2D‐GO composites with few layer thickness are synthesized. The electronic structure indicates a high content of Mo4+ 3d5/2 and W4+4f7/2 with lower binding energy in the 2D composite, which is ascribed to partial loss of surface sulfur atoms in 2D composites and the newly formed heteroatomic bond of CWS and CMoS. The Schottky junction between 2D‐GO and 2D‐TMD (2D G‐T junction) is established and exhibits obvious photoelectric responses. Superior electrocatalytic properties of the two 2D‐composites are attributable to the 2D Schottky Junction between 2D‐TMDs and 2D‐GO. Interlayer electronic coupling in 2D Schottky Junction (2D G‐T junction) activates inert sites on the 2D surface of 2D‐TMDs or GO. The power conversion efficiency of dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSCs) based on 2D‐WS2/2D‐GO is 9.54% under standard solar illumination intensity (AM1.5, 100 mW cm−2). The value is one of the highest reported efficiencies for DSCs based on Pt‐free counter electrodes. Finally, 2D‐WS2/2D‐GO composites exhibit excellent stability as counter electrode of DSCs.