bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fall Prevention Mobile Clinic: A Novel Fall Prevention Program for Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Singh Sonia , Kwon Ashley , Whitehurst David G. T. , Friesen Kathleen , Scott Vicky , Hejazi Samar , Feldman Fabio 
Published: September 2018

RÉSUMÉChez les personnes âgées, les chutes sont associées à des causes courantes et multifactorielles, et peuvent provoquer des blessures importantes. Cette étude avant-après a évalué les impacts d’une clinique mobile de prévention des chutes (Fall Prevention Mobile Clinic[FPMC]) pour la réduction du risque de chutes chez des personnes âgées de Colombie-Britannique (Canada). Quatre cent soixante-seize participants, dont l’âge moyen était de 83,6 ans, ont pris part à cette étude et ont été suivis pendant 12 mois après leur passage à la FPMC. À leur rendez-vous de suivi de 12 mois, le pourcentage moyen d’adoption des recommandations pour la prévention des chutes était de 48,8 % (ÉT : 25,7 %), la performance au testTimed up and Go(une mesure de mobilité) s’était améliorée, passant d’une médiane de 19,04 s à 17,45 s, et le nombre de participants ayant chuté a diminué, passant de 64,8 % (dans les 12 mois précédant le premier RDV à la clinique) à 55,6 % (au cours des 12 mois suivant le premier RDV à la clinique ; p = 0,012). Le FPMC évalué dans cette étude a fourni des recommandations qui ont été prises en compte par les participants; et qui ont amélioré leur mobilité et diminué leur risque de chutes dans l’année suivante.
No Place Like Home: A Systematic Review of Home Care for Older Adults in Canada
Authors: Johnson Shanthi , Bacsu Juanita , Abeykoon Hasanthi , McIntosh Tom , Jeffery Bonnie , Novik Nuelle 
Published: September 2018

RÉSUMÉLes prévisions liées au vieillissement de la population canadienne impliquent que la demande en soins à domicile augmentera significativement. À ce jour, peu d’études ont été menées au Canada sur les soins à domicile pour les personnes âgées, notamment sur les caractéristiques des bénéficiaires de soins à domicile, les lacunes dans les services, ou les interventions permettant de répondre aux besoins des clients en matière de soins à domicile. Une revue systématique de sept bases de données électroniques a été réalisée pour les années 2000-2016 afin d’examiner les connaissances actuelles dans le domaine des soins à domicile pour les personnes âgées au Canada. Cette synthèse était centrée sur quatre principaux thèmes retrouvés dans la littérature : les prédicteurs au niveau de la personne âgée, les besoins de soins non comblés, les interventions, les enjeux et les défis dans les soins à domicile. Cette revue a mis en évidence plusieurs lacunes dans les connaissances liées aux soins à domicile pour les personnes âgées au Canada, considérant que plus de la moitié des études étaient centrées sur le contexte ontarien. Bien que des stratégies prometteuses aient été mises en évidence, davantage de recherche et d’évaluation des interventions et des résultats sont requises pour appuyer efficacement le système de soins à domicile au Canada, à court et à long terme.
Language Death and Subject Expression: First-person-singular subjects in a declining dialect of Louisiana French
Authors: CARMICHAEL KATIE , GUDMESTAD AARNES 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTLouisiana French is undergoing gradual language death. In such situations, it is common to find increased variability and rapid change, as speakers use the language less often and in fewer domains (Wolfram 2004; Palosaari and Campbell 2011). These processes have been observed in the pronominal system of Louisiana French (Rottet 1996; Girard 2013), with both phonological and morphological sources of variation leading to an exceptionally large inventory of first-person-singular forms in the French of the Pointe-Au-Chien Indians of Pointe-Aux-Chênes, Louisiana. Using data from a translation task, we examine the range of forms used by French speakers from this community varying in age and fluency. We note a sharp distinction in forms used by fluent versus non-fluent speakers, with the latter making use of the non-clitic formmon. To answer the question of whymonis so common amongst non-fluent speakers in this task, we apply insights from the field of second language acquisition, considering the systems of these non-fluent speakers as autonomous and systematic. We ultimately propose a potential interaction between the previously documented phonological and morphological patterns observed in this community, influencing in the forms observed.
On producers of cosmic organic compounds: exploring the boron abundance in lithium-rich K giant stars
Authors: Drake N. A. , de la Reza R. , Smith V. V. , Cunha K. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe element boron belongs, together with lithium and beryllium, to a known trio of important elements for the study of evolutionary processes in low mass stars. Because B is the least fragile of this trio to be destroyed in the stellar interiors, it can be used to test if the Li enrichment is of planetary origin. Here, for the first time, boron lines are examined in the UV for four giants with different degrees of large Li enrichment by means of observations with the Hubble telescope. Two main results are found in our study. One is that to first approximation B abundances appear not to be in excess, invalidating the planet engulfment mechanism. The second one is that the two stars with very large Li abundances present emission lines indicating that quite strong active chromospheres are acting in these very Li-rich giants. These new results obtained from the UV complement our recent studies in the mid-IR (de la Rezaet al.2015) where strong emission-line features of organic material were found in the spectra of some Li-rich stars.
SuperMALT: Physical and Chemical Properties of Massive and Dense Clumps
Authors: Neupane Sudeep , Garay Guido , Contreras Yanett ,   SuperMALT Team
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe SuperMALT survey is observing 76 MALT90 clumps at different evolutionary stages (from pre-stellar or quiescent to HII) in high excitation molecular lines and key isotopomers using the Apex 12m telescope with an angular resolution of ∼20” and a velocity resolution of ∼0.1 km/s. The aim of this survey is to determine the physical, chemical, and kinematical properties of the gas within clumps as they evolve. Here we report some preliminary results based on observations of the J=3-2 & 4-3 lines of HNC, HCN, HCO+, N2H+ and of the J=3-2 line of the isotopologue H13CO+. We find that the morphologies and line profiles vary with the evolutionary stage of the clumps. The average line width increases from quiescent to HII clumps while line ratios show hint of chemical differences among the various evolutionary stages.
Reinforcement of the link between stellar metallicity and the zero age orbit of gas giant planet
Authors: Pinotti Rafael , Boechat-Roberty Heloisa M. , de Mello Gustavo F. Porto 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn 2005 we suggested a relation between the optimal locus of gas giant planet formation, prior to migration, and the metallicity of the host star, based on the core accretion model, and radial profiles of dust surface density and gas temperature. At that time, less than 200 extrasolar planets were known, limiting the scope of our analysis. Here, we take into account the expanded statistics allowed by new discoveries, in order to check the validity of some premises. We compare predictions with the present available data and results for different stellar mass ranges. We find that the zero age planetary orbit (ZAPO) hypothesis continues to hold after a two order of magnitude increase in discovered planets, as well as the prediction that planets around metal poor stars would have shorter orbits.
Exploring molecular complexity in the Galactic Center with ALMA
Authors: Belloche Arnaud 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe search for complex organic molecules (COMs) in the ISM has revealed chemical species of ever greater complexity. This search relies heavily on the progress made in the laboratory to characterize the rotational spectra of these molecules. Observationally, the advent of ALMA with its high angular resolution and sensitivity has allowed to reduce the spectral confusion and detect low-abundance molecules that could not be probed before. We present results of the EMoCA survey conducted with ALMA toward the star-forming region Sgr B2(N). This spectral line survey aims at deciphering the molecular content of Sgr B2(N) in order to test the predictions of astrochemical models and gain insight into the chemical processes at work in the ISM. We report on the tentative detection of N-methylformamide, on deuterated COMs, and on the detection of a branched alkyl molecule. Prospects for probing molecular complexity in the ISM even further are discussed at the end.
CH3NCO detections in observations and the laboratory
Authors: Ligterink N. F. W. ,   the PILS team
Published: September 2018

AbstractMethyl isocyanate (CH3NCO) belongs to a select group of peptide-like prebiotic molecules. In this paper we present its first detection toward the solar type low-mass protostar IRAS16293-2422 (hereafter IRAS16293). CH3NCO is detected towards IRAS16293 as a warm component with Tex > 100 K and HNCO/CH3NCO ∼4-12. Also, its grain surface formation route is investigated in the laboratory. VUV processing of CH4:HNCO mixtures, investigated by IR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, revealed that it can be formed by reactions of CH3 and with (H)NCO. Observations and experiments strongly hint that methyl isocyanate is formed on interstellar dust grains.
Unveiling the physical and chemical conditions in the young disk around L1527
Authors: van ’t Hoff M. L. R. , Tobin J. J. , Harsono D. , van Dishoeck E. F. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPlanets form in disks around young stars. The planet formation process may start when the protostar and disk are still deeply embedded within their infalling envelope. However, unlike more evolved protoplanetary disks, the physical and chemical structure of these young embedded disks are still poorly constrained. We have analyzed ALMA data for 13CO, C18O and N2D+ to constrain the temperature structure, one of the critical unknowns, in the disk around L1527. The spatial distribution of 13CO and C18O, together with the kinetic temperature derived from the optically thick 13CO emission and the non-detection of N2D+, suggest that this disk is warm enough (≳ 20 K) to prevent CO freeze-out.
The cold and warm physico-chemical structure of embedded protostars
Authors: Murillo N. M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe physical evolution of low-mass protostars is relatively well-established, however, there are many open questions on the chemical structure of protostars. The chemical fingerprint generated in the early embedded phase of star formation may be transmitted to the later stages of star, planet and comet formation. The factors that influence the chemical fingerprint are then of interest to study, and determine whether the chemical structure is inherited from the parent cloud or product of the physical processes during star formation. Results of observations and modelling of molecules that trace the cold and warm extended structures of embedded protostars are briefly presented here. Two multiple protostellar systems are studied, IRAS 16293-2422 and VLA 1623-2417, both located in ρ Ophiuchus. We find that the physical structure of the protostars, that is the disk(-like) strucutres, outflow cavity and different luminosities, are important factors in determining the chemical structure of these embedded protostars.
The first detections of the key prebiotic molecule PO in star-forming regions
Authors: Rivilla Víctor M. , Fontani Francesco , Beltrán Maite , Vasyunin Anton , Caselli Paola , Martín-Pintado Jesús , Cesaroni Riccardo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPhosphorus is a crucial element in prebiotic chemistry, especially the P−O bond, which is key for the formation of the backbone of the deoxyribonucleic acid. So far, PO had only been detected towards the envelope of evolved stars, and never towards star-forming regions. We report the first detection of PO towards two massive star-forming regions, W51 e1/e2 and W3(OH), using data from the IRAM 30m telescope. PN has also been detected towards the two regions. The abundance ratio PO/PN is 1.8 and 3 for W51 and W3(OH), respectively. Our chemical model indicates that the two molecules are chemically related and are formed via gas-phase ion-molecule and neutral-neutral reactions during the cold collapse. The molecules freeze out onto grains at the end of the collapse and desorb during the warm-up phase once the temperature reaches ~35 K. The observed molecular abundances of 10−10 are predicted by the model if a relatively high initial abundance of 5× 10−9 of initial phosphorus is assumed.
Astrochemistry: overview and challenges
Authors: van Dishoeck Ewine F. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis paper provides a brief overview of the journey of molecules through the Cosmos, from local diffuse interstellar clouds and PDRs to distant galaxies, and from cold dark clouds to hot star-forming cores, protoplanetary disks, planetesimals and exoplanets. Recent developments in each area are sketched and the importance of connecting astronomy with chemistry and other disciplines is emphasized. Fourteen challenges for the field of Astrochemistry in the coming decades are formulated.
Dawnward Drifting Interchange Heads in the Earth's Magnetotail
Authors: Panov E. V. , Pritchett P. L. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA fortuitous configuration of five Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms probes indicated that on 15 February 2008 between 04:00 and 11:00 UT a BZ dip with radial size of about 2.5 Earth radii (RE) and azimuthal size that could be as large as 10 RE was present for over 3 hr in the plasma sheet at XGSM ≈ −11 RE. Ballooning/InterChange Instability heads were observed at the tailward side of the dip with ∂BZ/∂X≈ −10 nT/RE. The Ballooning/InterChange Instability heads appeared to drift azimuthally toward dawn, in accord with particle‐in‐cell simulations of a charged current sheet. The signatures of the latter, for example, a finite average EZ directed toward the center of the plasma sheet, are verified by the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms data.
MJO Affects the Monsoon Onset Timing Over the Indian Region
Authors: Taraphdar Sourav , Zhang Fuqing , Leung L. Ruby , Chen Xingchao , Pauluis Olivier M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis study examines the linkage between the Madden‐Julian oscillation (MJO) and the South Asian summer monsoon onset through spatiotemporal wave‐filtering and composite analyses of observational data sets during 1979–2016. We identify two major factors in determining the summer monsoon onset timing: the background conditions associated with seasonal transitions and the intraseasonal variations associated with an active MJO. The background conditions undergo sharp seasonal transition over the western Indian Ocean two to three pentads before the onset dates, while a typical monsoon onset is often associated with the arrival of the wet phase of the tropical MJO over the Indian Ocean, likely due to the promotion by the MJO‐initiated eastward propagating westerly wind anomaly. Conversely, the atmospheric circulation associated with the leading dry phase of a strong MJO during the climatological mean onset dates may lead to a delayed monsoon onset.
Warming From Recent Marine Heatwave Lingers in Deep British Columbia Fjord
Authors: Jackson Jennifer M. , Johnson Gregory C. , Dosser Hayley V. , Ross Tetjana 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWhile satellite data indicate that the surface expression of the North Pacific marine heatwave, nicknamed “The Blob,” disappeared in late 2016, Argo float and ship‐based conductivity‐temperature‐depth data show that warm conditions persisted below the surface mixed layer through at least March 2018. We trace this anomalously warm subsurface water from the open ocean through Queen Charlotte Sound to Rivers Inlet, on British Columbia's central coast. In Rivers Inlet, deep water below the sill depth continues to be 0.3° to 0.6 °C warmer than the monthly average, suggesting that impacts of this marine heatwave have persisted in coastal waters at least 4 years after its onset, with potentially substantial effects on coastal ecosystems.
Evolution of Eastern Equatorial Pacific Seasonal and Interannual Variability in Response to Orbital Forcing During the Holocene and Eemian From Model Simulations
Authors: Khon V. C. , Schneider B. , Latif M. , Park W. , Wengel C. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCharacteristics of the seasonal and interannual sea surface temperature variability in the eastern equatorial Pacific (EEP) over last two interglacials, the Holocene and Eemian, are analyzed using transient climate simulations with the Kiel Climate Model. There is a tendency toward a strengthening of the seasonal as well as the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO)‐related variability from the early to the late interglacials. The weaker EEP sea surface temperature annual cycle during the early interglacials is mainly a result of insolation‐forced cooling during its warm phase and dynamically induced warming during its cold phase. Enhanced convection over northern South America weakens northeasterlies in the EEP leading to weaker equatorial upwelling, deeper thermocline and subsequent warming in this region. We show that a negative ENSO modulation of the annual cycle operates only on short timescales and does not affect their evolutions on orbital time scales where both ENSO and annual cycle show similar tendencies to increase.
Rupture in the 4 May 2018 MW 6.9 Earthquake Seaward of the Kilauea East Rift Zone Fissure Eruption in Hawaii
Authors: Liu Chengli , Lay Thorne , Xiong Xiong 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe 4 May 2018, MW 6.9 thrust‐faulting earthquake occurred a day after the first fissure eruption in Leilani Estates along the East Rift Zone of Kilauea, Hawaii, relatively early in the 2018 eruptive sequence. The earthquake's location and geodetic deformation pattern are similar to those of the larger 1975 Kalapana earthquake (MW 7.7), which is thought to have occurred on the décollement between the island volcanics and the former Pacific seafloor. The 2018 event has a shallow‐dipping thrust plane and shallow epicenter located just offshore. A finite‐fault kinematic slip model is determined by inversion of teleseismic body waves, strong‐ground motion recordings, and coseismic Global Positioning System offsets along the southeastern coast of Hawaii. Inversions indicate a preferred dip of 7°, slip of up to 3.0 m near 5‐km deep offshore of the coast, and low average rupture speed of ~1 km/s. These are consistent with rupture of a weak décollement.
Can Climate Models Reproduce the Decadal Change of Dust Aerosol in East Asia?
Authors: Wu Chenglai , Lin Zhaohui , Liu Xiaohong , Li Ying , Lu Zheng , Wu Mingxuan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDust aerosol plays an important role in the Earth System. As a natural aerosol, dust aerosol is often calculated interactively in global climate models and temporal variations of dust emission in the past century are far less constrained compared to those of anthropogenic aerosol emissions. Here we evaluate dust emission in East Asia simulated by 15 climate models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5. The results show that none of the models can reproduce the observed decline of dust event frequency during 1961–2005 over East Asia. The models tend to simulate either much less decline or even increase of dust emission. The discrepancy is mainly ascribed to weaker or opposite trends of surface wind speeds and precipitation in the models. These results cast a doubt on the interpretation of long‐term variations of dust‐affected fields in climate models and highlight the need for further improvements of the models.
Spatiotemporal Correlation Between Seasonal Variations in Seismicity and Horizontal Dilatational Strain in California
Authors: Kreemer Corné , Zaliapin Ilya 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe extract significant spatially coherent strain variations from horizontal seasonal Global Positioning System (GPS) displacements in the American Southwest. The dilatational strain is largest in northern California with maximum margin‐normal contraction and extension in spring and fall, respectively, consistent with the Earth's surface going down and up at those times. The northern California signal has a phase shift with respect to that in southern California and the Great Basin. For northern and southern California the proportion of larger earthquakes are in‐phase and the aftershock productivity out of phase with the inferred Coulomb stress on the San Andreas fault system. The intensity of mainshocks is in‐phase in the north as well but not in the south. This suggests that a seasonal increase in fault‐normal extension may or may not trigger mainshocks, but when an earthquake happens at those times, they grow larger than they otherwise would, which would cause a larger stress reduction and result in fewer aftershocks.
A New Perspective for Assessing Water Transport and Associated Retention Effects in a Large Reservoir
Authors: Xu Bochao , Yang Disong , Yao Peng , Burnett William C. , Ran Xiangbin , Charette Matthew , Huang Xinying , Liu Sumei , Yu Zhigang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRadioactive tracer techniques may be useful for assessing water transport and the overall effects of concurrent biogeochemical processes in river‐reservoir systems. In this study, we show that radium isotopes can assess the hydrodynamics and sediment/nutrient retention in the Xiaolangdi Reservoir, the largest impoundment along the Yellow River, China. Activity ratios of 224Ra/226Ra and 223Ra/226Ra were used for water mass age calculations in the riverine, transition, and lentic reaches of the reservoir. Water ages were combined with the length scale of three river‐reservoir zones to determine water transport rates of 3.6 ± 1.2, 1.3 ± 0.3, and 0.16 ± 0.14 km/day, respectively. Radium ages were also used to quantify the net retention of sediment and nutrients in different parts of the river‐reservoir system. Suspended sediment was removed at a rate of 1.4 ± 0.6 g/m3/day, mainly in the riverine zone. Nutrient dynamics were more complicated, with addition or removal at different rates within the three zones.
Substorm‐Associated Ionospheric Flow Fluctuations During the 27 March 2017 Magnetic Storm: SuperDARN‐Arase Conjunction
Authors: Hori T. , Nishitani N. , Shepherd S. G. , Ruohoniemi J. M. , Connors M. , Teramoto M. , Nakano S. , Seki K. , Takahashi N. , Kasahara S. , Yokota S. , Mitani T. , Takashima T. , Higashio N. , Matsuoka A. , Asamura K. , Kazama Y. , Wang S.‐Y. , Tam S. W. Y. , Chang T.‐F. , Wang B.‐J. , Miyoshi Y. , Shinohara I. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSuper Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) observations show that ionospheric flow fluctuations of millihertz or lower‐frequency range with horizontal velocities of a few hundred meters per second appeared in the subauroral to midlatitude region during a magnetic storm on 27 March 2017. A set of the radars have provided the first ever observations that the fluctuations propagate azimuthally both westward and eastward simultaneously, showing bifurcated phase propagation associated with substorm expansion. Concurrent observations near the conjugate site in the inner magnetosphere made by the Arase satellite provide evidence that multiple drifting clouds of electrons in the near‐Earth equatorial plane were associated with the electric field fluctuations propagating eastward in the ionosphere. We interpret this event in terms of mesoscale pressure gradients carried by drifting ring current electrons that distort field lines one after another as they drift through the inner magnetosphere, causing eastward propagating ionospheric electric field fluctuations.