bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel biomimetic fiber incorporated scaffolds for tissue engineering
Authors: Yongcong Fang , Zhang Ting , Liverani Liliana , Boccaccini Aldo R. , Sun Wei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFrom a structural perspective, an ideal scaffold ought to possess interconnected macro pores with sizes from 10 to 100 μm to facilitate cell infiltration and tissue formation, as well as similar topography to the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) which would have an impact on cell behavior such as cell adhesion and gene expression. For that purpose, here we developed a fabrication process to incorporate electrospun short fibers within freeze‐dried scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. Briefly, PCL short fibers were first produced from electrospun fibers with ultrasonication method. They were then evenly dispersed in gelatin solution and freeze‐dried to obtain fiber incorporated scaffolds. The resulting scaffolds exhibited hierarchical structure including major pores with sizes ranging from 50 to 150 μm and the short fibers dispersed in the thin walls of major pores, mimicking the fibrous feature of natural ECM. The short fibers were proven to modify the mechanical properties of scaffold and to facilitate cell adhesion and proliferation on the scaffold. As a promising scaffold for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, the fiber incorporated scaffold may have further biomedical applications, in which the short fibers can act as drug release vehicles for growth factors or other biomolecules to promote vascularization.
Emergent productivity regimes of river networks
Authors: Koenig Lauren E. , Helton Ashley M. , Savoy Philip , Bertuzzo Enrico , Heffernan James B. , Hall Robert O. , Bernhardt Emily S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHigh‐resolution data are improving our ability to resolve temporal patterns and controls on river productivity, but we still know little about the emergent patterns of primary production at river‐network scales. Here, we estimate daily and annual river‐network gross primary production (GPP) by applying characteristic temporal patterns of GPP (i.e., regimes) representing distinct river functional types to simulated river networks. A defined envelope of possible productivity regimes emerges at the network‐scale, but the amount and timing of network GPP can vary widely within this range depending on watershed size, productivity in larger rivers, and reach‐scale variation in light within headwater streams. Larger rivers become more influential on network‐scale GPP as watershed size increases, but small streams with relatively low productivity disproportionately influence network GPP due to their large collective surface area. Our initial predictions of network‐scale productivity provide mechanistic understanding of the factors that shape aquatic ecosystem function at broad scales.
Application of the hybrid process ultrasound enhanced friction stir welding on dissimilar aluminum/dual‐phase steel and aluminum/magnesium joints
Authors: Thomä M. , Gester A. , Wagner G. , Straß B. , Wolter B. , Benfer S. , Gowda D. K. , Fürbeth W. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFriction stir welding as a solid‐state joining method with its comparatively low process temperatures is suitable for joining dissimilar materials like aluminum/magnesium or aluminum/steel. Such hybrid joints are of great interest regarding lightweight efforts in different industrial fields like the transportation area. The present work investigates the influence of additionally transmitted power ultrasound during the friction stir welding on the joint properties of EN AC‐48000/AZ91 and EN AW‐6061/DP600. Therefore, conventional friction stir welding was continuously compared to ultrasound enhanced friction stir welding. Light microscopic analysis and nondestructive testing of the joints using x‐ray and high frequency ultrasound show different morphologies of the nugget for the aluminum/magnesium joints as well as differences in the amount and size of steel particles in the nugget of aluminum/steel joints. Scanning electron microcopy proves differences in the thickness of continuous intermetallic layers for the aluminum/steel joints realized with and without power ultrasound. Regarding the tensile strength of the joints the power ultrasound leads to increased joint strengths for EN AC‐48000/AZ91 joints compared to a decrease for EN AW‐6061/DP600 joints. Corrosion investigations show an influence of the ultrasound power on the corrosion properties of EN AC‐48000/AZ91 joints which is attributed to a changed aluminum content in the nugget region. Because of the great potential difference between the magnesium and the nugget phase the transitional area exhibits strong galvanic corrosion. For EN AW‐6061/DP600 joints an increased corrosion caused by galvanic effects is not expected as the potentials of the EN AW‐6061 aluminum alloy and DP600 steel are very similar.
Sequence variants in genes causing nonsyndromic hearing loss in a Pakistani cohort
Authors: Khan Amjad , Han Shirui , Wang Rongrong , Ansar Muhammad , Ahmad Wasim , Zhang Xue 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundHearing loss or hearing impairment is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder. More than 117 genes were discovered to date in hereditary, nonsyndromic hearing loss (NSHL). Identifying novel gene variants and their frequency in specific populations is valuable for public health and potentially for genetic screening of NSHL.AimsTo identify the gene variants underlying NSHL in a Pakistani cohort.Methods and ResultsA cohort of 40 school‐aged children with NSHL was initially screened for variants in GJB2, the gene with the highest incidence of variants in other populations with NSHL. We found known homozygous as well as compound heterozygous GJB variants in 15 individuals. Next, we used targeted next generation sequencing (TNGS) for the remaining 25 individuals and identified 20 different variants in 14 genes (SLC26A4, KCNQ4, MYO7A, MYO15A, TMPRSS3, ESPN, TMC1, GIPC3, LHFPL5, WFS1, DFNB59, GRXCR1, ESRRB, and LRTOMT).ConclusionsWe described common and novel variants in 15 genes in a Pakistani cohort of NSHL.
A combination of Sylvester block sum and block matrix Kronecker map for explicit solutions of Sylvester system of matrix equations
Authors: Ramadan Mohamed A. , Bayoumi Ahmed M.E. , Hadhoud Adel R. 
Published: August 2019

In this paper, we consider an explicit solution of system of Sylvester matrix equations of the form A1V1 − E1V1F1 = B1W1 and A2V2 − E2V2F2 = B2W2 with F1 and F2 being arbitrary matrices, where V1,W1,V2 and W2 are the matrices to be determined. First, the definitions, of the matrix polynomial of block matrix, Sylvester sum, and Kronecker product of block matrices are defined. Some definitions, lemmas, and theorems that are needed to propose our method are stated and proved. Numerical test problems are solved to illustrate the suggested technique.
A comparison of two algorithms to identify sudden cardiac deaths in computerized databases
Authors: Min Jea Young , Grijalva Carlos G. , Morrow James A. , Whitmore Christine C. , Hawley Robert E. , Singh Sonal , Swain Richard S. , Griffin Marie R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPurposeTwo previously validated algorithms to identify sudden cardiac death using administrative data showed high positive predictive value. We evaluated the agreement between the algorithms using data from a common source population.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study to assess the percent agreement between deaths identified by two sudden cardiac death algorithms using Tennessee Medicaid and death certificate data from 2007 through 2014. The source population included all deceased patients aged 18 to 64 years with Medicaid enrollment in the 6 months prior to death. To identify sudden cardiac deaths, algorithm 1 used only hospital/emergency department (ED) claims from encounters at the time of death, and algorithm 2 required death certificates and used claims data for specific exclusion criteria.ResultsWe identified 34 107 deaths in the source population over the study period. The two algorithms identified 4372 potential sudden cardiac deaths: Algorithm 1 identified 3117 (71.3%) and algorithm 2 identified 1715 (39.2%), with 460 (10.5%) deaths identified by both algorithms. Of the deaths identified by algorithm 1, 1943 (62.3%) had an underlying cause of death not specified in algorithm 2. Of the deaths identified by algorithm 2, 1053 (61.4%) had no record of a hospital or ED encounter at the time of death, and 202 (11.8%) had a discharge diagnosis code not specified in algorithm 1.ConclusionsWe found low agreement between the two algorithms for identification of sudden cardiac deaths because of differences in sudden cardiac death definitions and data sources.
Sustainability engineering assessment research for recycling composites with high value: Stakeholders' views
Authors: Pillain Baptiste , Lefeuvre Anaële , Garnier Sébastien , Cadene Anne‐Laure , Jacquemin Leslie 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCarbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites are increasingly employed in an extensive range of applications, such as aerospace, automotive, or renewable energy. Consequently, the establishment of a composite recycling sector will become necessary in the future. The French national agency for research had funded a project named SEARRCH, which indicates “Sustainability Engineering Assessment Research for Recycling Composites with High value” to initiate stakeholders engagement for the implementation of the CFRP recycling sector in a sustainable way. This publication aimed at giving the results and the advantages of using a participatory research approach for the implementation of a recycling sector that follows the concept of sustainable development. This participatory research approach was conducted based on a panel of 40 stakeholders from different stages of the CFRP life cycle: CFRP producers, end‐of‐life management, institutional/normative, and research groups.A statistical quantitative analysis of 230 different criteria extracted from the interviews has demonstrated that “quality,” “mastering recycling process,” “norms and regulations,” and “maturity of the recycling process” are the most cited criteria by stakeholders. A qualitative analysis shown that, the future sustainable composites recycling sector would be utilised as a multiprocess sector that addresses a multiplicity of markets, requires the involvement of leaders and introduction of incentive tools and needs improvement regarding the maturity of recycling technologies to satisfy economic and environmental goals.
Chiral Perovskites: Promising Materials toward Next‐Generation Optoelectronics
Authors: Dong Yuze , Zhang Yupeng , Li Xinyue , Feng Yaqing , Zhang Han , Xu Jialiang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHalide perovskites have emerged as a type of extremely promising material for their diverse chemical and electronic structures along with their brilliant optoelectronic properties. The introduction of chirality into perovskite scaffolds, generating a novel concept of chiral perovskite materials, offers an immense step forward toward the development of smart optoelectronic and spintronic materials and devices. The present Review summarizes recent advances in such an emerging field regarding the design and construction of chiral perovskite materials, along with their optoelectronic performances. In addition, an outlook of future challenges as well as the potential significance of the chiral perovskite family on the optical communication is proposed.
A Functionalized Carbon Surface for High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Lin Qiaowei , Zhang Jun , Lv Wei , Ma Jiabin , He Yanbing , Kang Feiyu , Yang Quan‐Hong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are promising for large‐scale energy storage systems and carbon materials are the most likely candidates for their electrodes. The existence of defects in carbon materials is crucial for increasing the sodium storage ability. However, both the reversible capacity and efficiency need to be further improved. Functionalization is a direct and feasible approach to address this issue. Based on the structural changes in carbon materials produced by surface functionalization, three basic categories are defined: heteroatom doping, grafting of functional groups, and the shielding of defects. Heteroatom doping can improve the electrochemical reactivity, and the grafting of functional groups can promote both the diffusion‐controlled bulk process and surface‐confined capacitive process. The shielding of defects can further increase the efficiency and cyclic stability without sacrificing reversible capacity. In this Review, recent progresses in the ways to produce surface functionalization are presented and the related impact on the physical and chemical properties of carbon materials is discussed. Moreover, the critical issues, challenges, and possibilities for future research are summarized.
Ultrathin Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskite Heterojunction for Sensitive Photodetection
Authors: Fu Qundong , Wang Xiaolei , Liu Fucai , Dong Yuxin , Liu Zirui , Zheng Shoujun , Chaturvedi Apoorva , Zhou Jiadong , Hu Peng , Zhu Zhuqing , Bo Fang , Long Yi , Liu Zheng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThanks to their unique optical and electric properties, 2D materials have attracted a lot of interest for optoelectronic applications. Here, the emerging 2D materials, organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites with van der Waals interlayer interaction (Ruddlesden–Popper perovskites), are synthesized and characterized. Photodetectors based on the few‐layer Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite show good photoresponsivity as well as good detectivity. In order to further improve the photoresponse performance, 2D MoS2 is chosen to construct the perovskite–MoS2 heterojunction. The performance of the hybrid photodetector is largely improved with 6 and 2 orders of magnitude enhancement for photoresponsivity (104 A W−1) and detectivity (4 × 1010 Jones), respectively, which demonstrates the facile charge separation at the interface between perovskite and MoS2. Furthermore, the contribution of back gate tuning is proved with a greatly reduced dark current. The results demonstrated here will open up a new field for the investigation of 2D perovskites for optoelectronic applications.
Bridging chromatin structure and function over a range of experimental spatial and temporal scales by molecular modeling
Authors: Portillo‐Ledesma Stephanie , Schlick Tamar 
Published: August 2019

AbstractChromatin structure, dynamics, and function are being intensely investigated by a variety of methods, including microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, nuclear magnetic resonance, biochemical crosslinking, chromosome conformation capture, and computation. The modeling helps interpret experimental data and generate configurations and mechanisms related to the three‐dimensional organization and function of the genome. Experimental contact maps, in particular, as obtained by a variety of chromosome conformation capture methods, are of increasing interest due to their implications on genome structure and regulation on many levels. In this perspective, using seven examples from our group's studies, we illustrate how molecular modeling can help interpret such experimental data. Specifically, we show how computed contact maps related to experimental systems can help interpret structures of nucleosomes, chromatin higher‐order folding, domain segregation mechanisms, gene organization, and the effect on chromatin structure of external and internal fiber parameters, such as nucleosome positioning, presence of nucleosome free regions, histone post‐translational modifications, and linker histone binding. We argue that such computations on multiple spatial and temporal scales will be increasingly important for the integration of genomic, epigenomic, and biophysical data on chromatin structure and related cellular processes.This article is categorized under:
Structure and Mechanism > Computational Biochemistry and Biophysics
Mother wavelet selection in the discrete wavelet transform for condition monitoring of wind turbine drivetrain bearings
Authors: Strömbergsson Daniel , Marklund Pär , Berglund Kim , Saari Juhamatti , Thomson Allan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAlthough the discrete wavelet transform has been used for diagnosing bearing faults for two decades, most work in this field has been done with test rig data. Since field data starts to be made more available, there is a need to shift into application studies.The choice of mother wavelet, ie, the predefined shape used to analyse the signal, has previously been investigated with simulated and test rig data without consensus of optimal choice in literature. Common between these investigations is the use of the wavelet coefficients' Shannon entropy to find which mother wavelet can yield the most useful features for condition monitoring.This study attempts to find the optimal mother wavelet selection using the discrete wavelet transform. Datasets from wind turbine gearbox accelerometers, consisting of enveloped vibration measurements monitoring both healthy and faulty bearings, have been analysed. The bearing fault frequencies' excitation level has been analysed with 130 different mother wavelets, yielding a definitive measure on their performance. Also, the applicability of Shannon entropy as a ranking method of mother wavelets has been investigated.The results show the discrete wavelet transforms ability to identify faults regardless of mother wavelet used, with the excitation level varying no more than 4%. By analysing the Shannon entropy, broad predictions to the excitation level could be drawn within the mother wavelet families but no direct correlation to the main results. Also, the high computational effort of high order Symlet wavelets, without increased performance, makes them unsuitable.
A deeper understanding of the spontaneous derepression of the URA3 gene in MaV203 Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its implications for protein engineering and the reverse two‐hybrid system
Authors: Cortens David , Hansen Rebekka , Graulus Geert‐Jan , Steen Redeker Erik , Adriaensens Peter , Guedens Wanda 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWithin the field of protein‐based biomaterials, the need exists for both covalent and oriented bioconjugation strategies for improved performance. Such bioconjugation reactions can be facilitated by engineering proteins with chemically activated amino acids at strategically chosen sites. The incorporation of these unnatural amino acids (uAAs) can be achieved by using the nonsense suppression technique. This requires an aminoacyl‐tRNA‐synthetase (aaRS) that exclusively recognizes the uAA and loads it to the corresponding tRNA. Appropriate (aaRS) mutants can be found through reverse engineering using the Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain MaV203. This strain contains a counterselectable, Gal4p‐inducible SPAL10::URA3 fusion and deletions in the endogenous GAL80 and GAL4 genes. Therefore, it has been used extensively for the screening of aaRS mutant libraries. It is generally assumed that the SPAL10 promoter actively represses the URA3 gene in the absence of Gal4p, resulting in MaV203 cells with a Ura− phenotype. The current contribution reveals that in a small fraction of MaV203 cells, a basal expression of the URA3 gene occurs. The unexpected URA3 expression is reported for the first time, and the nature of the mutation causing this expression was identified as a spontaneous recessive mutation in a single gene of a protein involved in the repression of the SPAL10 promoter. The basal URA3 expression causes aaRS mutants to be missed, which affects the outcome of the library screening. It is demonstrated that the use of diploid cells can circumvent the MaV203 Ura+ phenotype, allowing for an optimization of S. cerevisiae library screening.
On the support of extremal martingale measures with given marginals: the countable case
Authors: Campi Luciano , Martini Claude 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe investigate the supports of extremal martingale measures with prespecified marginals in a two-period setting. First, we establish in full generality the equivalence between the extremality of a given measure Q and the denseness in

$L^1(Q)$

of a suitable linear subspace, which can be seen in a financial context as the set of all semistatic trading strategies. Moreover, when the supports of both marginals are countable, we focus on the slightly stronger notion of weak exact predictable representation property (WEP) and provide two combinatorial sufficient conditions, called the ‘2-link property’ and ‘full erasability’, on how the points in the supports are linked to each other for granting extremality. When the support of the first marginal is a finite set, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for the WEP to hold in terms of the new concepts of 2-net and deadlock. Finally, we study the relation between cycles and extremality.
Transformed Lévy processes as state-dependent wear models
Authors: Hwan Cha Ji , Mercier Sophie 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMany wear processes used for modeling accumulative deterioration in a reliability context are nonhomogeneous Lévy processes and, hence, have independent increments, which may not be suitable in an application context. In this work we consider Lévy processes transformed by monotonous functions to overcome this restriction, and provide a new state-dependent wear model. These transformed Lévy processes are first observed to remain tractable Markov processes. Some distributional properties are derived. We investigate the impact of the current state on the future increment level and on the overall accumulated level from a stochastic monotonicity point of view. We also study positive dependence properties and stochastic monotonicity of increments.
The diameter of KPKVB random graphs
Authors: Müller Tobias , Staps Merlijn 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe consider a random graph model that was recently proposed as a model for complex networks by Krioukovet al.(2010). In this model, nodes are chosen randomly inside a disk in the hyperbolic plane and two nodes are connected if they are at most a certain hyperbolic distance from each other. It has previously been shown that this model has various properties associated with complex networks, including a power-law degree distribution and a strictly positive clustering coefficient. The model is specified using three parameters: the number of nodesN, which we think of as going to infinity, and$\alpha, \nu > 0$, which we think of as constant. Roughly speaking,$\alpha$controls the power-law exponent of the degree sequence and$\nu$the average degree. Earlier work of Kiwi and Mitsche (2015) has shown that, when$\alpha \lt 1$(which corresponds to the exponent of the power law degree sequence being$\lt 3$), the diameter of the largest component is asymptotically almost surely (a.a.s.) at most polylogarithmic inN. Friedrich and Krohmer (2015) showed it was a.a.s.$\Omega(\log N)$and improved the exponent of the polynomial in$\log N$in the upper bound. Here we show the maximum diameter over all components is a.a.s.$O(\log N),$thus giving a bound that is tight up to a multiplicative constant.