bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of the subtropical surface wind in the north-east Atlantic under climate change
Authors: Alves José M. R. , Miranda Pedro M. A. , Tomé Ricardo , Caldeira Rui 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The climate of western Europe and northwest Africa strongly depends on the Azores anticyclone strength, location, and shape and, locally, also on the characteristics of the Iberia and Sahara summer thermal lows. EC-EARTH3 global simulations are here used to assess the predicted behaviour of these two relevant surface pressure systems and associated surface wind, by the end of XXI century (2071–2100), considering two climate change scenarios. Additionally, a high-resolution Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) simulation centred on Madeira Island is used to assess the influence of climate change on the surface wind at smaller scales, in a region well known for its perturbed flows. Results indicate a general mean wind speed decrease over a sector of the North-Atlantic, associated with a flatter Azores anticyclone. However, the predicted intensification of the Iberia and Sahara thermal lows imposes an increasing surface wind speed near west Iberia and northwest Africa, in summer. Southwest of Iberia, Madeira Island is also predicted to experience a summer intensification of its tip-jets. The projected changes in low-level wind speed and variability will impact on different sectors of activity, either directly as are the cases of aeronautical operation and offshore renewable energy, or indirectly through changes in the ocean circulation.
Influence of postoperative D-dimer evaluation and intraoperative use of intermittent pneumatic vein compression (IPC) on detection and development of perioperative venous thromboembolism in brain tumor surgery
Authors: Zimmer Katharina , Scheer Maximilian , Scheller Christian , Leisz Sandra , Strauss Christian , Taute Bettina-Maria , Mühlenweg Martin , Prell Julian , Simmermacher Sebastian , Rampp Stefan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background Objective
Venous thromboembolism (VTE), which includes deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), is a common complication in craniotomy patients and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The duration of surgery is a known risk factor. Other factors such as positioning and tumor entity have hardly been investigated or are controversial.
In two pilot studies, the determination of plasma D-dimer concentration led to a high detection rate of DVT, while the use of intermittent pneumatic venous compression (IPC) drastically reduced the incidence of VTE. In the present study we investigated the efficacy of the two approaches, either alone or in combination, in a large patient cohort.

Methods
1759 patients who underwent elective craniotomy between 2009 and 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. The staggered use of D-dimer determination and intraoperative use of IPC resulted in 3 groups: Group 1: no procedure; Group 2: D-dimer evaluation; Group 3: IPC and D-dimer evaluation. If the D-dimer level was ≥ 2 mg/l (Fibrinogen equivalent units; FEU), venous ultrasound was performed. Age, gender, tumor entity, duration and extent of surgery, patient positioning, type of VTE were also recorded and analyzed.

Results
The introduction of postoperative D-dimer evaluation increased the rate of detection of thrombosis from 1.7% in group 1 to 22.6% in group 2. The addition of IPC reduced the rate of thrombosis to 4.4%. Age, gender and patient positioning did not affect the rate of VTE. We were able to confirm the duration of surgery as an individual risk factor and showed that WHO grade 4 tumors and metastasis have an increased VTE risk.

Conclusions
If D-Dimer levels are not analyzed routinely about 20% of craniotomy patients suffer from a clinically silent thrombosis. Each with the risk of fate PE. Intraoperative use of IPC during craniotomy dramatically reduces the risk of VTE.
Review: Pre-Darcy flows in low-permeability porous media
Authors: Teng Yuntian , Li Zihao , Chen Cheng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe widely used Darcy’s law specifies a linear relation between the Darcy velocity of fluid flow and the pressure gradient that drives the flow. However, studies have shown that Darcy velocity can exhibit a nonlinear dependence on the pressure gradient in low-permeability porous media such as clay and shale when the pressure gradient is adequately low. This phenomenon is referred to as low-velocity non-Darcian flow or pre-Darcy flow. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the theories, experimental data, and modeling methods for pre-Darcy flow in low-permeability porous media. The review begins by outlining the fundamental mechanisms underlying pre-Darcy flow that regulate the unique characteristics such as nonlinear dependence of the Darcy velocity on the pressure gradient and its relevance to fluid–rock interactions. The review then proceeds to present a thorough compilation of experimental investigations performed in various low-permeability geomaterials including tight sandstones, shales, and clays. Next, empirical and theoretical models and simulation methods that have been developed to fit and interpret experimental data are reviewed. Finally, the review underscores the challenges encountered in conducting and interpreting pre-Darcy flow experiments and suggests future research directions. By analyzing previous experimental investigations, this review aims to offer a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners seeking to enhance their understanding of fluid dynamics in low-permeability geomaterials. This provides insights into the application of pre-Darcy flow in numerous natural and engineered processes such as shale oil and gas recovery, contaminant transport in low-permeability aquifers, and geological disposal of nuclear waste.
Mechanical thrombectomy failure in anterior and posterior circulation stroke: current results from a high-volume comprehensive center
Authors: Neumann Alexander , Schildhauer P. , Weiler S. M. , Schramm P. , Schacht H. , Royl G. , Jensen-Kondering U. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is an established therapy for acute ischemic stroke (AIS), but recanalization is not always achieved. Common reasons are inadequate removal at the thrombus site and difficulties with the access route. In order to identify risk factors for MT failure we conducted a retrospective study on a high-volume comprehensive stroke center.

Methods
Evaluation of 552 thrombectomies (2019-23; anterior and posterior circulation, direct aspiration +/- stent retriever [SR]). MT failures (= modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score 0 or 1) were analyzed for age, sex, pre- and post-MT modified Rankin Scale, bridging intravenous thrombolysis (IVT), occlusion site (anterior / posterior circulation, proximal / distal), the Kaesmacher classification and time trend results.

Results
MT failure occurred in 56 patients (10.1%; median age 76; 53.6% female). Nineteen (33.9%) patients received IVT (p = 0.326). Logistic regression analysis did not show a significant association of age, sex or occlusion site with MT failure (p = 0.165, p = 0.738, p = 0.838). Distal MT generally demonstrated lower success rates (p < 0.01). According to the Kaesmacher classification SR failure was the most frequent cause of MT failure (category 2B: 48%, p < 0.001). Time trend analysis suggests improving recanalization rates in the further course (4 times in year-on-year comparison; p < 0.01).

Conclusion
MT failure occurs in AIS treatment, even in high-volume centers and occurs more frequently in distal occlusions. Improvements in device technology, particularly SR, and ongoing refinements in access route selection offer the prospect of better outcomes in the future.
Peripherally inserted central venous catheter in outpatient antibiotic spinal infection treatment is safe, effective and leads to significant reduction in healthcare expenses
Authors: Bonk Maximilian-Niklas , Sommer Björn , Krauß Philipp E. , Maurer Christoph , Simon Valeska , Berlis Ansgar , Hofmann Reinhard , Shiban Ehab 
Published: November 2024

AbstractProlonged antibiotic therapy is often recommended for the treatment of spinal infections. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of outpatient intravenous (IV) antibiotic therapy for spinal neurosurgery patients with spondylodiscitis. We carried out a retrospective study involving 67 patients who were administered peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) for IV antibiotic treatment from January 2020 to December 2022. We assessed patient data concerning infections and neurosurgical concerns. Each patient underwent a minimum of 6 weeks of IV antibiotics, both as inpatients and outpatients. The study included 67 patients with a median age of 61 years (SD +/- 14.18 years), with approximately 44% being female. The average hospital stay for inpatient treatment was 20 days (SD +/- 8.8 days). Subsequent outpatient antibiotic therapy lasted an average of 70.32 days (SD +/- 18.24 days), with outpatient IV therapy accounting for 44.74 days (SD +/- 9.15 days). The most common pathogens identified were Staphylococcus epidermidis and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. Microbiological analysis did not detect any pathogens in 18% of patients. Radiographic and laboratory evidence of spondylodiscitis was absent in 99% of patients during the final follow-up. No catheter-related complications occurred. Outpatient IV antibiotic therapy using a PICC line catheter is a safe and effective treatment option for spinal infections, especially in elderly patients.
Estimating nonlinear anisotropic properties of healthy and aneurysm ascending aortas using magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Latorre Molins Álvaro T. , Guala Andrea , Dux-Santoy Lydia , Teixidó-Turà Gisela , Rodríguez-Palomares José Fernando , Martínez Barca Miguel Ángel , Peña Baquedano Estefanía 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
An ascending aortic aneurysm is an often asymptomatic localized dilatation of the aorta. Aortic rupture is a life-threatening event that occurs when the stress on the aortic wall exceeds its mechanical strength. Therefore, patient-specific finite element models could play an important role in estimating the risk of rupture. This requires not only the geometry of the aorta but also the nonlinear anisotropic properties of the tissue. In this study, we presented a methodology to estimate the mechanical properties of the aorta from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). As a theoretical framework, we used finite element models to which we added noise to simulate clinical data from real patient geometry and different properties of healthy and aneurysmal aortic tissues collected from the literature. The proposed methodology considered the nonlinear properties, the zero pressure geometry, the heart motion, and the external tissue support. In addition, we analyzed the aorta as a homogeneous material and as a heterogeneous model with different properties for the ascending and descending parts. The methodology was also applied to pre-surgical,in vivo MRI data of a patient who underwent surgery during which an aortic wall sample was obtained. The results were compared with those obtained from ex vivo biaxial test of the patient’s tissue sample. The methodology showed promising results after successfully recovering the nonlinear anisotropic material properties of all analyzed cases. This study demonstrates that the variable used during the optimization process can affect the result. In particular, variables such as principal strains were found to obtain more realistic materials than the displacement field.
Supramolecular deep eutectic solvents in extraction processes: a review
Authors: Makoś-Chełstowska Patrycja , Słupek Edyta , Fourmentin Sophie , Gębicki Jacek 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Solvent selection is essential for industrial and analytical extraction processes to ensure environmental safety and neutrality. Nevertheless, toxic and hazardous solvents are often used, due to their cost-effectiveness and ready availability. In green chemistry, alternative solvents such as supramolecular deep eutectic solvents are gaining attention due to their superior performance compared with traditional non-green solvents in certain applications. Here we review the use of supramolecular deep eutectic solvents as a green solvent for analytical and industrial liquid–liquid extraction processes, with focus on physicochemical properties, extraction conditions, the capacity factor, the enrichment factor, fuel desulfurization, extraction of biological active compounds, lignin valorization, and sample preparation.
Ecological intensification for biocontrol of aphids requires severing myrmecophily
Authors: Herrera Sebastian Larsson , Badra Zaid , Hansen Mette Frimodt , Shankarkumar Advaith Chakravarthy , Kleman Isabella , Tasin Marco , Dekker Teun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWith the rollback of insecticides, novel tools for pest control are urgently needed. Aphids are particularly a major concern with few sustainable control alternatives. Ecological intensification has been promoted as a way of “inviting" back nature’s self-regulating abilities into agricultural production systems. Although such measures enhance the presence of natural enemies in agroecosystems, we demonstrate that in an ecologically intensified apple orchard, biocontrol of rosy apple aphid was minimal. We verified why the biodiverse settings did not result in enhanced ecosystem services, i.e., biological control of the rosy apple aphid. Close monitoring of food–web interactions in thousands of aphid colonies showed that tending ants dominated responses, while those of natural enemies were weak or absent. However, application of artificial aphid honeydew diverted ants from tending aphids and flipped the myrmecophily-dominated state into favoring numerical responses of a guild of natural enemies. Responses were swift and controlled both Aphis pomi and Dysaphis plantaginea, provided intervention was synced with aphid and predator phenology. Although myrmecophily in aphids is well-known on its own accord, it has been completely overlooked in ecological intensification. To unlock the aphid-biocontrol potential provided through ecological intensification, myrmecophily needs to be disrupted. Although particularly true for perennial systems, generally practices that reduce soil disturbance favor ants and may amplify aphid pests, thereby reducing biocontrol impacts in ecological intensification efforts. Harnessing ecosystem services requires careful analysis and good understanding of agroecosystem intricacies.
Social inequalities in health care and long-term care for the very old: a scoping review
Authors: Hasseler Martina , Heitmann-Möller André , Ruppert Sven Nelson , Nowossadeck Enno , Fuchs Judith , Hahm Deborah 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Aim
Despite broad discussions in the scientific literature concerning the connection between social and health inequalities, the group of the very old (people aged 80 years and older) is not sufficiently represented in the research concerning health and long-term care. Are there inequalities among the very old in home and institutional care in the so-called industrialized Western countries and Asian countries? What differences can be detected regarding social determinants, gender, and region? Are there mutual aspects of health and long-term care on an international level? Is there a kind of tipping point in the progressive aging process at which the need for long-term care becomes inevitable?

Subject and methods
Based on these four guiding questions, a scoping review of the literature in the last 10 years was conducted with German and English search terms. CINAHL, PubMed, ProQuest, and Scopus were searched in December 2022 and January 2023. In addition, a manual search was performed.

Results
The very old are still not adequately represented in the research on the issue of social and health inequalities and implications for health and long-term care. Nevertheless, evidence of inequalities in care design was found. Market-based health and long-term care systems appear to show these more frequently. Also, market-based health and long-term care systems seems to rely more heavily on family structures than supply-oriented systems like in the Scandinavian countries. System structures tend to provide for an accumulation of inequalities in health and long-term care, as is also seen for low incomes.

Conclusion
The scoping review showed that the group of the very old is underrepresented in health services research. At the same time, there are indications of a perpetuation of social inequality at old age. There is a need for more research on appropriate research terminologies and methods as well as research-based health care and long-term care measures and interventions.
Detection and Prevalence of Coronaviruses in European Bats: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hemnani Mahima , da Silva Priscilla Gomes , Thompson Gertrude , Poeta Patrícia , Rebelo Hugo , Mesquita João R. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBats are known hosts for a wide range of coronaviruses (CoVs), including those that cause severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-1) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV). With the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, it has become increasingly important to understand the diversity and prevalence of CoVs in bat populations. This systematic review aimed to compile studies that have sampled CoVs from bats across Europe and assessed various aspects related to the testing of bat samples, including the country where the bats were collected, the CoV genomic region studied, the CoV genera that were detected, and the identification of bat species that were found to be carrying CoV. We identified 30 studies that assessed CoVs presence in bats across multiple countries including Italy, Germany, and various other nations with one or two studies each, which tested them for CoVs using a variety of matrices. CoVs were found in nine genera of bats, and the genomic regions included RdRp, ORF1a gene, as well as full genome, detecting α- and/or β-CoVs, with most of them being detectable only in faeces. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the CoVs detected in bats across Europe and highlights the importance of continued surveillance and monitoring of bat populations for potential emerging zoonotic CoVs.
Predictors of Suicidal Thoughts and Attempts among School-Going Thai Adolescents: A Sex-Specific Structural Equation Modelling Analysis
Authors: Dadras Omid 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAdolescent suicide is a growing public health concern in Thailand. Identifying predictors of suicidal behaviors is essential for targeted prevention strategies. Using Structural Equation Modeling, this study explores the predictors of suicidal thoughts and attempts among a sample of 5657 Thai adolescents in grades 7–12, typically representing the age group 13–17 years, with nearly equal proportions of males (47%) and females (53%) participants. Data from the Thailand Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) 2021 were analyzed. Explanatory Factor Analysis (EFA) identified key constructs, followed by SEM stratified by sex to examine relationships between constructs and suicidal behaviors. Reliability and validity were assessed using Cronbach’s α and SEM fit indices. EFA identified five constructs: current substance use, history of violence, experiences of bullying, parental awareness, and poor mental health. SEM revealed poor mental health as a significant predictor for both sexes. Substance use, experiences of bullying, and a history of violence predicted suicidal behaviors in females. Parental vigilance was only a protective factor for males. The findings underscore the importance of gender-specific interventions and comprehensive mental health support to address the unique vulnerabilities of Thai adolescents, reducing suicidal thoughts and attempts.
Urban Digital Twins and metaverses towards city multiplicities: uniting or dividing urban experiences?
Authors: Argota Sánchez-Vaquerizo Javier 
Published: November 2024

AbstractUrban Digital Twins (UDTs) have become the new buzzword for researchers, planners, policymakers, and industry experts when it comes to designing, planning, and managing sustainable and efficient cities. It encapsulates the last iteration of the technocratic and ultra-efficient, post-modernist vision of smart cities. However, while more applications branded as UDTs appear around the world, its conceptualization remains ambiguous. Beyond being technically prescriptive about what UDTs are, this article focuses on their aspects of interaction and operationalization in connection to people in cities, and how enhanced by metaverse ideas they can deepen societal divides by offering divergent urban experiences based on different stakeholder preferences. Therefore, firstly this article repositions the term UDTs by comparing existing concrete and located applications that have a focus on interaction and participation, including some that may be closer to the concept of UDT than is commonly assumed. Based on the components found separately in the different studied cases, it is possible to hypothesize about possible future, more advanced realizations of UDTs. This enables us to contrast their positive and negative societal impacts. While the development of new immersive interactive digital worlds can improve planning using collective knowledge for more inclusive and diverse cities, they pose significant risks not only the common ones regarding privacy, transparency, or fairness, but also social fragmentation based on urban digital multiplicities. The potential benefits and challenges of integrating this multiplicity of UDTs into participatory urban governance emphasize the need for human-centric approaches to promote socio-technical frameworks able to mitigate risks as social division.
Exploring genetic variability for morphological and yield contributing traits in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) germplasm from Southern India
Authors: Somu G , Meena N , Badigannavar Ashok 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSorghum is a major cereal crop grown worldwide for its grain, livestock feed and biofuel. In order to characterize the pattern of genetic diversity in the germplasm and advanced mutant lines, the present study was undertaken to evaluate 103 genotypes for 11 agro-morphological traits over two post rainy seasons in 2019 and 2020. Significant variation for quantitative traits was observed with a wide range of coefficients of variation (4.85–26.04%). A broad range of trait values was recorded for grain yield (13.0—152.6 g/plant), seed index (1.0–5.5 g/100 seeds), panicle length (9.2–31.4 cm) and panicle width (3.2–15.0 cm). The genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation were found high for panicle length, panicle weight, seed weight and grain yield. A broad sense heritability estimated in this population ranged from 0.79 to 0.99. Among the significant phenotypic correlations, grain yield was strongly correlated with leaf width, stem diameter, panicle width and weight. In addition, traits such as stem diameter, panicle weight, panicle width, number of leaves and leaf length showed significantly positive correlations with all other traits. Multivariate methods used in this study identified key traits associated with grain yield and grouped all the genotypes into six major clusters, clearly distinguishing germplasm and mutant derivatives. Among the genotypes studied, IC-288363 and EP-1 germplasm, and M-35–48 mutant exhibited high grain yield and more seed weight. Germplasm and mutant lines demonstrated wide variability for most of the quantitative traits and can be utilised for developing new cultivars or used as parents in the recombination breeding.