bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Free-form Grale reconstruction of Abell 2744: robustness of uncertainties against changes in lensing data
Authors: Sebesta Kevin , Williams Liliya L R , Liesenborgs Jori , Medezinski Elinor , Okabe Nobuhiro 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Abell 2744, a massive Hubble Frontier Fields merging galaxy cluster with many multiple images in the core has been the subject of many lens inversions using different methods. While most existing studies compare various inversion methods, we focus on a comparison of reconstructions that use different input lensing data. Since the quantity and quality of lensing data is constantly improving, it makes sense to ask if the estimated uncertainties are robust against changes in the data. We address this question using free-form Grale, which takes only image information as input, and nothing pertaining to cluster galaxies. We reconstruct Abell 2744 using two sets of strong lensing data from the Hubble Frontier Fields community. Our first and second reconstructions use 55 and 91 images, respectively, and only 10 of the 91 images have the same positions and redshifts as in the first reconstruction. Comparison of the two mass maps shows that Grale uncertainties are robust against these changes, as well as small modifications in the inversion routine. Additionally, applying the methods used in Sebesta et al. (2016) for MACS J0416, we conclude that, in a statistical sense, light follows mass in Abell 2744, with brighter galaxies clustering stronger with the recovered mass than the fainter ones. We also show that the faintest galaxies are anti-correlated with mass, which is likely the result of light contamination from bright galaxies, and lensing magnification bias acting on galaxies background to the cluster.
Outcome of children with Shiga toxin-associated haemolytic uraemic syndrome treated with eculizumab: a matched cohort study
Authors: Monet-Didailler Catherine , Chevallier Audrey , Godron-Dubrasquet Astrid , Allard Lise , Delmas Yahsou , Contin-Bordes Cécile , Brissaud Olivier , Llanas Brigitte , Harambat Jérôme 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundTreatment with eculizumab in Shiga toxin–associated haemolytic and uraemic syndrome (STEC-HUS) remains controversial despite its increasing utilization. The aim of our study was to evaluate the outcomes of children treated with eculizumab for STEC-HUS in a single-centre matched cohort study.MethodsData were retrospectively collected from medical records of children diagnosed with STEC-HUS. The outcomes of patients treated with eculizumab for STEC-HUS were compared with those of a control group of untreated patients matched for age, sex and severity of acute kidney injury with a 1:2 matching scheme.ResultsEighteen children (median age 40.6 months) with STEC-HUS treated with eculizumab were compared with 36 matched control patients (median age 36.4 months) who did not receive eculizumab. All patients survived in the two groups. Within 1 month of HUS onset, the evolution of haematological and renal parameters did not differ between the two groups. At 12 months of follow-up, renal outcome was not significantly different between the two groups. At the last follow-up, the prevalence of decreased glomerular filtration rate in the eculizumab group (27%) was not statistically different from that in controls (38%), as was the prevalence of proteinuria and high blood pressure. Children who received eculizumab more often had extrarenal sequelae during follow-up. Eculizumab treatment appeared to be safe in children with STEC-HUS.ConclusionThe benefit of eculizumab on renal and extrarenal outcomes in STEC-HUS could not be established based on our findings. However, efficacy and safety are not best assessed by the observational design and small sample size of our study. Randomized controlled trials are thus required to determine the efficacy of eculizumab in this indication.
Resident duty hours: Families’ knowledge and perceptions in the paediatric intensive care unit
Authors: Gupta Ronish , Eady Kaylee , Moreau Katherine , Frank Jason R , Writer Hilary K 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background and Objectives: Resident duty hours remain a controversial topic in the literature. Competing interests include patient safety, resident education, and resident well-being. No studies, however, have sought family members’ perspectives on duty hours in the paediatric context. This study aimed to explore family members’ knowledge of trainee duty hours, and their perspectives on the balance between shift duration and hand-off frequency.
Methods: We surveyed family members of patients admitted ≥ 24 hours in the paediatric intensive care unit at an academic center. We simultaneously collected daily logs of hours worked by trainees. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze survey responses and trainee duty hours.
Results: One-hundred and one family members responded (75%). Respondents demonstrated knowledge of trainees working long duty hours but reported lower averages than the trainee logs (55 versus 66 hours per week and 16 versus 24 hours per shift). Elements related to both potential trainee fatigue and hand-offs raised concern in more than half of respondents. When asked to choose between a familiar trainee working a prolonged shift, or an unfamiliar trainee at the start of their shift, respondents were divided (52% versus 48%, respectively).
Conclusions: Family members of critically ill paediatric patients are aware that trainees provide patient care while working long duty hours with minimal sleep. Despite this awareness, long shifts retain value with some families, possibly due to continuity. Changes to duty hours and hand-off frequency may pose an unrealized harm on family-centered care, as well as patient–provider relationships, and further study is warranted.
Quantitative Sensory Testing in Patients with Multisomatoform Disorder with Chronic Pain as the Leading Bodily Symptom—a Matched Case–Control Study
Authors: Achenbach Johannes , Tran Anh-Thu , Jaeger Burkhardt , Kapitza Karl , Bernateck Michael , Karst Matthias 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveChronic pain is a debilitating condition of multifactorial origin, often without physical findings to explain the presenting symptoms. Of the possible etiologies of persisting painful symptoms, somatoform disorders and functional somatic syndromes (FSS) are among the most challenging, with a prevalence of 8–20%. Many different somatoform disorders and FSS have overlapping symptoms, with pain being the most prevalent one. The concept of multisomatoform disorder (MSD) has been developed to acknowledge that fact. We hypothesized that the concept of MSD will be reflected in a distinct sensory profile of patients compared with healthy controls and possibly provide insight into the type and pathophysiology of the pain commonly experienced by patients.DesignWe performed comprehensive quantitative sensory testing (QST) in 151 patients and 149 matched controls.ResultsThere were significant differences in the sensory profiles of patients compared with controls. Patients with MSD showed a combination of tactile and thermal hypesthesia combined with mechanical and cold hyperalgesia. This was true for measurements at test and control sites, with the exception of vibration detection threshold and mechanical pain threshold. Among the observed changes, a marked sensory loss of function, as evidenced by an increase in cold detection threshold, and a marked gain of function, as evidenced by a decrease of pressure pain threshold, were most notable. There was no evidence of concurrent medication influencing QST results.ConclusionsThe observed somatosensory profile of patients with MSD resembles that of patients suffering from neuropathic pain with evidence of central sensitization.
Protein A superantigen: structure, engineering and molecular basis of antibody recognition
Authors: Mazigi Ohan , Schofield Peter , Langley David B , Christ Daniel 
Published: July 2019

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus interacts with the human immune system through the production of secreted factors. Key among these is protein A, a B-cell superantigen capable of interacting with both antibody Fc and VH regions. Here, we review structural and molecular features of this important example of naturally occurring bacterial superantigens, as well as engineered variants and their application in biotechnology.
Low Back Pain--Related Disability in Parkinson Disease: Impact on Functional Mobility, Physical Activity, and Quality of Life
Authors: Duncan Ryan P , Van Dillen Linda R , Garbutt Jane M , Earhart Gammon M , Perlmutter Joel S 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
People with Parkinson disease (PD) frequently experience low back pain (LBP), yet the impact of LBP on functional mobility, physical activity, and quality of life (QOL) has not been described in PD.

Objective
The objectives of this study were to describe body positions and functional activities associated with LBP and to determine the relationships between LBP-related disability and PD motor sign severity, physical activity level, and QOL.

Design
The study was a cross-sectional study.

Methods
Thirty participants with idiopathic PD (mean age = 64.6 years [SD = 10.3]; 15 women) completed the Revised Oswestry Disability Questionnaire (RODQ), a measure of LBP-related disability. PD motor symptom severity was measured using the Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale Part III (MDS-UPRDS III). The Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) was used to measure self-reported physical activity. The Parkinson Disease Questionnaire-39 (PDQ-39) was used to measure QOL. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize LBP intensity and LBP-related disability. Spearman correlations were used to determine relationships between the RODQ and the MDS-UPDRS III, PASE, and PDQ-39.

Results
LBP was reported to be of at least moderate intensity by 63.3% of participants. LBP most frequently impaired standing, sleeping, lifting, and walking. The RODQ was significantly related to the MDS-UPDRS III (r = 0.38), PASE (r = −0.37), PDQ-39 summary index (r = 0.55), PDQ-39 mobility subdomain (r = 0.54), and PDQ-39 bodily pain subdomain (r = 0.44).

Limitations
Limitations included a small sample of people with mild to moderate PD severity, the fact that RODQ is a less frequently used measure of LBP-related disability, and the lack of a non-PD control group.

Conclusions
LBP affected walking, sleeping, standing, and lifting in this small sample of people with mild to moderate PD. Greater LBP-related disability was associated with greater motor sign severity, lower physical activity level, and lower QOL in people with PD.
Displacements representations for the problems with spherical and circular material surfaces
Authors: Mogilevskaya Sofia G , Kushch Volodymyr I , Zemlyanova Anna Y 
Published: July 2019

SummaryThe displacements representations of the type used by Christensen and Lo (J. Mech. Phys. Solids27, 1979) are modified to allow for analytical treatment of problems involving spherical and circular material surfaces that possess constant surface tension. The modified representations are used to derive closed-form expressions for the local elastic fields and effective moduli of macroscopically isotropic composite materials containing spherical and circular inhomogeneities with the interfaces described by the complete Gurtin–Murdoch and Steigmann–Ogden models.
Considering religion and spirituality in precision medicine
Authors: Yeary Karen H K , Alcaraz Kassandra I , Ashing Kimlin Tam , Chiu Chungyi , Christy Shannon M , Felsted Katarina Friberg , Lu Qian , Lumpkins Crystal Y , Masters Kevin S , Newton Robert L , Park Crystal L , Shen Megan J , Silfee Valerie J , Yanez Betina , Yi Jean 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The emerging era of precision medicine (PM) holds great promise for patient care by considering individual, environmental, and lifestyle factors to optimize treatment. Context is centrally important to PM, yet, to date, little attention has been given to the unique context of religion and spirituality (R/S) and their applicability to PM. R/S can support and reinforce health beliefs and behaviors that affect health outcomes. The purpose of this article is to discuss how R/S can be considered in PM at multiple levels of context and recommend strategies for integrating R/S in PM. We conducted a descriptive, integrative literature review of R/S at the individual, institutional, and societal levels, with the aim of focusing on R/S factors with a high level of salience to PM. We discuss the utility of considering R/S in the suitability and uptake of PM prevention and treatment strategies by providing specific examples of how R/S influences health beliefs and practices at each level. We also propose future directions in research and practice to foster greater understanding and integration of R/S to enhance the acceptability and patient responsiveness of PM research approaches and clinical practices. Elucidating the context of R/S and its value to PM can advance efforts toward a more whole-person and patient-centered approach to improve individual and population health.
15Disability Studies
Authors: Quirici Marion 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter reviews three books published in 2018 centering on disability and resistance. It is organized into five sections. The first, ‘Resistance, Disability, and Democracy’, summarizes debates about the political obligations of disability studies, and outlines how disability justice is replacing the former emphasis on rights. The second section, ‘Academic Perspectives’, reviews the provocative collection Manifestos for the Future of Critical Disability Studies, volume 1, identifying areas of contention and raising questions about the field’s current direction. The third section, ‘Activist Perspectives’, reviews Alice Wong’s collection Resistance and Hope: Essays by Disabled People. The fourth section, ‘Beyond Identity’, reviews Robert McRuer’s Crip Times: Disability, Globalization, and Resistance. The concluding section, ‘An Abbreviated Manifesto’, asserts the vital role of disability justice in establishing alternatives to neoliberalism, resisting tyranny, and achieving democracy.
Integration and diversity of the caviomorph mandible (Rodentia: Hystricomorpha): assessing the evolutionary history through fossils and ancestral shape reconstructions
Authors: Álvarez Alicia , Ercoli Marcos D , Verzi Diego H 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCaviomorph rodents constitute a highly diverse clade of Neotropical mammals. They are recorded since at least the late Middle Eocene and have a long and complex evolutionary history. Using geometric morphometric data, we analysed the variation in mandibular shape of this clade through integration analyses, allometry and shape optimizations onto a phylogenetic tree of 104 extant and extinct species. The analyses of shape variation revealed a strong influence of phylogenetic structure and life habits. A remarkable allometric effect was observed for specific mandibular traits. Morphological changes occurring in the alveolar and muscular functional units were moderately associated. Interestingly, the coordinated evolution of these two functional units was decoupled in the clade of extant abrocomids. A sequential and nearly synchronic acquisition of convergent traits has occurred in chinchillids and derived cavioids since at least the early Middle Oligocene, probably derived from grass-feeding habits or similar adaptations to other abrasive items. Convergences between fossorial taxa evolved in two main events through the Oligocene and middle Late Miocene. Morphological analysis of the fossil representatives allowed a better understanding of the timing of trait acquisitions during the evolutionary history of caviomorphs and its relationship with global and regional palaeoenvironmental changes.
An Interprofessional Substance Use Disorder Course to Improve Students’ Educational Outcomes and Patients’ Treatment Decisions
Authors: Muzyk Andrew , Mullan Patricia , Andolsek Kathryn M. , Derouin Anne , Smothers Zachary P.W. , Sanders Charles , Holmer Shelley 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
Substance use is a public health concern. Health professions organizations recommend improvements in substance use disorder (SUD) education. Mezirow’s transformative learning theory was used as the educational framework to develop a course that would provide students with opportunities to improve their understanding of SUDs; to assess, challenge, and reflect on their attitudes toward patients with SUDs; to receive direct observation, assessment, and feedback on behavior change counseling; and to engage in interprofessional education. The study’s purpose was to evaluate the impact of an interprofessional SUD course on students’ educational outcomes and their attitudes toward interprofessionalism.

Method
Students from several health professions—medicine, pharmacy, physician assistant, nursing, and social work—attended a monthly interprofessional education SUD course starting in spring 2018. The course, taught by an interprofessional faculty, consisted of 4 interactive classes focused on empathy and recognizing personal bias; behavioral change counseling; and recognition, screening, and treatment of SUDs. Students attended a 12-step recovery meeting and had an optional opportunity to counsel a patient using behavioral change counseling.

Results
Seventy-eight students completed the course. Students demonstrated significant improvements in their attitudes toward patients with SUDs and toward interprofessionalism, as measured by the Substance Abuse Attitude Survey and the Student Perceptions of Interprofessional Clinical Education survey. Nearly 70% of students counseled a patient with an SUD, and 93% of counseled patients agreed to follow-up care.

Conclusions
The course (1) enriched students’ understanding, attitudes, and behaviors toward patients with SUDs and toward interprofessional collaboration and (2) positively influenced patients’ treatment decisions.
What Makes the “Perfect” Inpatient Consultation? A Qualitative Analysis of Resident and Fellow Perspectives
Authors: Pavitt Sara , Bogetz Alyssa , Blankenburg Rebecca 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
To characterize the methods of inpatient consult communication, given new communication modalities; to explore residents’ and fellows’ perspectives on the ideal consult and how this consult could affect their teaching, learning, and patient safety; and to identify barriers to and strategies for optimizing consultations.

Method
Using qualitative grounded theory, the authors conducted semistructured focus groups with pediatric residents and fellows at Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital at Stanford University from October 2016 to September 2017, using questions developed by expert consensus to address study objectives. Sessions were audiorecorded and transcribed verbatim. Two authors independently coded the transcripts and reconciled codes to develop categories and themes using constant comparison. The third author validated the codes, categories, and themes. To ensure trustworthiness, participants edited the themes for accuracy.

Results
Twenty-seven residents and 16 fellows participated in 7 focus groups (3 with residents, 4 with fellows). Four themes emerged: (1) Many forms of communication are successfully used for initial inpatient consult recommendations (in person, phone, text messages, notes in electronic medical records); (2) residents and fellows prefer in-person communication for consults, believing it leads to improved teaching, learning, and patient safety; (3) multiple strategies can optimize consults regardless of communication modality; and (4) how residents frame the initial consult affects the interaction and can increase fellow engagement, which leads to more fellow teaching, residents’ improved understanding, and better patient care.

Conclusions
Residents and fellows believe that structured initial consults conducted in person improve teaching, learning, and patient care. Several strategies exist to optimize this process.
Learners as Leaders: A Global Groundswell of Students Leading Choosing Wisely Initiatives in Medical Education
Authors: Born Karen B. , Moriates Christopher , Valencia Victoria , Kerssens Marlou , Wong Brian M. 
Published: July 2019

Resource stewardship and reducing low-value care have emerged as urgent priorities for health care delivery systems worldwide. However, few medical schools’ curricula include adequate content to allow learners to master the knowledge, skills, and attitudes needed to contribute to this transformation toward value-based health care. This article describes a program to launch student-led curriculum enhancement initiatives in 7 countries. The program, called STARS (Students and Trainees Advocating for Resource Stewardship), was inspired by Choosing Wisely, a campaign by the American Board of Internal Medicine Foundation that seeks to promote conversations on avoiding unnecessary medical tests, treatments, and procedures.
The initial STARS model, which originated in Canada in 2015, included a leadership summit, where students from multiple medical schools learned about Choosing Wisely principles, leadership, and advocacy. These students then led grassroots efforts at their local medical schools with faculty and other students to raise awareness and advocate for changes related to resource stewardship. Student-led efforts resulted in the integration of Choosing Wisely principles into case-based learning, the creation of student interest groups and electives, the launch of social media campaigns, and the organization of special presentations by local experts.
The rapid spread of similar programs in 6 other countries (Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, and the United States) by 2018 suggests that STARS resonates across multiple settings and signals the potential for such a model to advance other important areas in medical education. This article documents results and lessons learned from the first 4 years of the program.
Assessment of the ECG T-Wave in Patients With Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Komatsuzaki Makoto , Takasusuki Toshifumi , Kimura Yoshiyuki , Yamaguchi Shigeki 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Prolongation of the interval from the peak to the end of the T wave (Tp-Te) on a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) is associated with ventricular arrhythmias. The aim of this study was to clarify associations between Tp-Te, Tp-Te/QT, and Tp-Te/rate-corrected QT (QTc) with clinical severity of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and clinical outcomes.

Methods:
This retrospective study included 222 patients with acute SAH (group S) and 306 patients with unruptured cerebral aneurysms (group U). Tp-Te, Tp-Te/QT, and Tp-Te/QTc were manually measured in standard 12-lead ECG recordings on admission and comparisons made between patients in groups S and U. The relationships of these ECG parameters with Hunt and Hess grade and Glasgow outcome scale were analyzed using multiple logistic regression analysis after adjustment for confounding factors.

Results:
Tp-Te, Tp-Te/QT, and Tp-Te/QTc were significantly greater in group S than in group U (group S: 109±30, 0.26±0.07, and 0.24±0.06 ms; group U: 84±12, 0.22±0.03, and 0.21±0.03 ms, respectively; P < 0.0001). In addition, in the multiple logistic regression analyses these variables were positively correlated with the Hunt and Hess grade (Tp-Te odds ratio [95% confidence interval], 2.414 [1.375-4.238], P=0.002; Tp-Te/QT, 1.886 [1.085-3.277], P = 0.024; Tp-Te/QTc, 1.873 [1.07-3.278], P=0.028, and negatively correlated with Glasgow outcome scale Tp-Te odds ratio [95% confidence interval], 4.168 [2.409-7.209], P<0.001; Tp-Te/QT, 2.434 [1.413-4.192], P=0.001; Tp-Te/QTc 2.953 [1.703-5.123], P<0.001).

Conclusions:
Tp-Te, Tp-Te/QT, and Tp-Te/QTc are associated with disease severity and clinical outcome in patients with SAH.