bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photoacoustic-based visual servoing of a needle tip
Authors: Lediju Bell Muyinatu A. , Shubert Joshua 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn intraoperative settings, the presence of acoustic clutter and reflection artifacts from metallic surgical tools often reduces the effectiveness of ultrasound imaging and complicates the localization of surgical tool tips. We propose an alternative approach for tool tracking and navigation in these challenging acoustic environments by augmenting ultrasound systems with a light source (to perform photoacoustic imaging) and a robot (to autonomously and robustly follow a surgical tool regardless of the tissue medium). The robotically controlled ultrasound probe continuously visualizes the location of the tool tip by segmenting and tracking photoacoustic signals generated from an optical fiber inside the tool. System validation in the presence of fat, muscle, brain, skull, and liver tissue with and without the presence of an additional clutter layer resulted in mean signal tracking errors <2 mm, mean probe centering errors <1 mm, and successful recovery from ultrasound perturbations, representing either patient motion or switching from photoacoustic images to ultrasound images to search for a target of interest. A detailed analysis of channel SNR in controlled experiments with and without significant acoustic clutter revealed that the detection of a needle tip is possible with photoacoustic imaging, particularly in cases where ultrasound imaging traditionally fails. Results show promise for guiding surgeries and procedures in acoustically challenging environments with this novel robotic and photoacoustic system combination.
Internal cueing improves gait more than external cueing in healthy adults and people with Parkinson disease
Authors: Harrison Elinor C. , Horin Adam P. , Earhart Gammon M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWalking can be challenging for aging individuals and people with neurological disorders such as Parkinson disease (PD). Gait impairment characterized by reduced speed and higher variability destabilizes gait and increases the risk of falls. External auditory cueing provides an effective strategy to improve gait, as matching footfalls to rhythms typically increases gait speed and elicits larger steps, but the need to synchronize to an outside source often has a detrimental effect on gait variability. Internal cueing in the form of singing may provide an alternative to conventional gait therapy. In the present study, we compare the effects of internal and external cueing techniques on forward and backward walking for both people with PD and healthy controls. Results indicate that internal cueing was associated with improvements in gait velocity, cadence, and stride length in the backward direction, and reduced variability in both forward and backward walking. In comparison, external cueing was associated with minimal improvement in gait characteristics and a decline in gait stability. People with gait impairment due to aging or neurological decline may benefit more from internal cueing techniques such as singing as compared to external cueing techniques.
Comparative venom-gland transcriptomics and venom proteomics of four Sidewinder Rattlesnake (Crotalus cerastes) lineages reveal little differential expression despite individual variation
Authors: Hofmann Erich P. , Rautsaw Rhett M. , Strickland Jason L. , Holding Matthew L. , Hogan Michael P. , Mason Andrew J. , Rokyta Darin R. , Parkinson Christopher L. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractChanges in gene expression can rapidly influence adaptive traits in the early stages of lineage diversification. Venom is an adaptive trait comprised of numerous toxins used for prey capture and defense. Snake venoms can vary widely between conspecific populations, but the influence of lineage diversification on such compositional differences are unknown. To explore venom differentiation in the early stages of lineage diversification, we used RNA-seq and mass spectrometry to characterize Sidewinder Rattlesnake (Crotalus cerastes) venom. We generated the first venom-gland transcriptomes and complementary venom proteomes for eight individuals collected across the United States and tested for expression differences across life history traits and between subspecific, mitochondrial, and phylotranscriptomic hypotheses. Sidewinder venom was comprised primarily of hemorrhagic toxins, with few cases of differential expression attributable to life history or lineage hypotheses. However, phylotranscriptomic lineage comparisons more than doubled instances of significant expression differences compared to all other factors. Nevertheless, only 6.4% of toxins were differentially expressed overall, suggesting that shallow divergence has not led to major changes in Sidewinder venom composition. Our results demonstrate the need for consensus venom-gland transcriptomes based on multiple individuals and highlight the potential for discrepancies in differential expression between different phylogenetic hypotheses.
The chemical cue tetrabromopyrrole induces rapid cellular stress and mortality in phytoplankton
Authors: Whalen Kristen E. , Kirby Christopher , Nicholson Russell M. , O’Reilly Mia , Moore Bradley S. , Harvey Elizabeth L. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractEukaryotic phytoplankton contribute to the flow of elements through marine food webs, biogeochemical cycles, and Earth’s climate. Therefore, how phytoplankton die is a critical determinate of the flow and fate of nutrients. While heterotroph grazing and viral infection contribute to phytoplankton mortality, recent evidence suggests that bacteria-derived cues also control phytoplankton lysis. Here, we report exposure to nanomolar concentrations of 2,3,4,5-tetrabromopyrrole (TBP), a brominated chemical cue synthesized by marine γ-proteobacteria, resulted in mortality of seven phylogenetically-diverse phytoplankton species. A comparison of nine compounds of marine-origin containing a range of cyclic moieties and halogenation indicated that both a single pyrrole ring and increased bromination were most lethal to the coccolithophore, Emiliania huxleyi. TBP also rapidly induced the production of reactive oxygen species and the release of intracellular calcium stores, both of which can trigger the activation of cellular death pathways. Mining of the Ocean Gene Atlas indicated that TBP biosynthetic machinery is globally distributed throughout the water column in coastal areas. These findings suggest that bacterial cues play multiple functions in regulating phytoplankton communities by inducing biochemical changes associated with cellular death. Chemically-induced lysis by bacterial infochemicals is yet another variable that must be considered when modeling oceanic nutrient dynamics.
Experimental manipulation of a signal trait reveals complex phenotype-behaviour coordination
Authors: Levin Iris I. , Fosdick Bailey K. , Tsunekage Toshi , Aberle Matthew A. , Bergeon Burns Christine M. , Hund Amanda K. , Safran Rebecca J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAnimals use morphological signals such as ornamental traits or weaponry to mediate social interactions, and the extent of signal trait elaboration is often positively associated with reproductive success. By demonstrating relationships between signal traits and fitness, researchers often make inferences about how behaviour operates to shape those outcomes. However, detailed information about fine-scale individual behaviour, and its physiological basis, can be difficult to obtain. Here we show that experimental manipulations to exaggerate a signal trait (plumage colour) and concomitant changes in testosterone and stress-induced corticosterone levels altered social interactivity between manipulated males and their social mates. On average, darkened males did not have higher levels of interactivity than unmanipulated males; however, males who experienced a greater shift in colour (pale to dark), a larger, positive change in testosterone levels, and a dampened stress-induced corticosterone response had a larger increase in the number of interactions with their social mate post-manipulation compared to pre-manipulation. This work provides new insights into the integration and real-time flexibility of multivariate phenotypes and direct evidence for the role of social interactions in pair bond maintenance.
Bispectrum Features and Multilayer Perceptron Classifier to Enhance Seizure Prediction
Authors: Bou Assi Elie , Gagliano Laura , Rihana Sandy , Nguyen Dang K. , Sawan Mohamad 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe ability to accurately forecast seizures could significantly improve the quality of life of patients with drug-refractory epilepsy. Prediction capabilities rely on the adequate identification of seizure activity precursors from electroencephalography recordings. Although a long list of features has been proposed, none of these is able to independently characterize the brain states during transition to a seizure. This work assessed the feasibility of using the bispectrum, an advanced signal processing technique based on higher order statistics, as a precursor of seizure activity. Quantitative features were extracted from the bispectrum and passed through two statistical tests to check for significant differences between preictal and interictal recordings. Results showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between preictal and interictal states using all bispectrum-extracted features. We used normalized bispectral entropy, normalized bispectral squared entropy, and mean of magnitude as inputs to a 5-layer multilayer perceptron classifier and achieved respective held-out test accuracies of 78.11%, 72.64%, and 73.26%.
Nonstationary Temperature-Duration-Frequency curves
Authors: Ouarda Taha B. M. J. , Charron Christian 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPersistent extreme heat events are of growing concern in a climate change context. An increase in the intensity, frequency and duration of heat waves is observed in several regions. Temperature extremes are also influenced by global-scale modes of climate variability. Temperature-Duration-Frequency (TDF) curves, which relate the intensity of heat events of different durations to their frequencies, can be useful tools for the analysis of heat extremes. To account for climate external forcings, we develop a nonstationary approach to the TDF curves by introducing indices that account for the temporal trend and teleconnections. Nonstationary TDF modeling can find applications in adaptive management in the fields of health care, public safety and energy production. We present a one-step method, based on the maximization of the composite likelihood of observed heat extremes, to build the nonstationary TDF curves. We show the importance of integrating the information concerning climate change and climate oscillations. In an application to the province of Quebec, Canada, the influence of Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillations (AMO) on heat events is shown to be more important than the temporal trend.
Comparative transcriptome analysis two genotypes of Acer truncatum Bunge seeds reveals candidate genes that influences seed VLCFAs accumulation
Authors: Wang Rongkai , Liu Pei , Fan Jinshuan , Li Lingli 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe Acer truncatum Bunge is a particular widespread forest tree species in northern China. VLCFAs are important to eukaryotes survival and play diverse roles throughout the development. So far, there are reports that the Acer truncatum seeds fatty acid (FA) rich in VLCFAs, but little is known about the physiological mechanism responsible for the biosynthesis. A total of approximately 37.07 Gbp was generated, it was comprehensive enough to determine the majority of the regulation VLCFAs biosynthesis genes. The 97,053 different unigenes were assembled and identified, and large numbers of EST-SSRs were determined. The expression profiles of crucial genes (KCS, KCR, HCD and ECR) involved in VLCFAs elongation of fatty acids were also studied. To our knowledge, the present study provides the first comprehensive of the transcriptome of Acer truncatum seeds. This transcriptome dataset have been made publicly available NCBI, we believe that it may provide new resource for future high-throughput gene expression of Acer truncatum seeds growth and development and will provide theoretical basic information for improving the yield of VLCFAs, especially nervonic acid.
Alternative processing of its precursor is related to miR319 decreasing in melon plants exposed to cold
Authors: Bustamante Antonio , Marques Maria Carmen , Sanz-Carbonell Alejandro , Mulet Jose Miguel , Gomez Gustavo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractmiRNAs are fundamental endogenous regulators of gene expression in higher organisms. miRNAs modulate multiple biological processes in plants. Consequently, miRNA accumulation is strictly controlled through miRNA precursor accumulation and processing. Members of the miRNA319 family are ancient ribo-regulators that are essential for plant development and stress responses and exhibit an unusual biogenesis that is characterized by multiple processing of their precursors. The significance of the high conservation of these non-canonical biogenesis pathways remains unknown. Here, we analyze data obtained by massive sRNA sequencing and 5′ - RACE to explore the accumulation and infer the processing of members of the miR319 family in melon plants exposed to adverse environmental conditions. Sequence data showed that miR319c was down regulated in response to low temperature. However, the level of its precursor was increased by cold, indicating that miR319c accumulation is not related to the stem loop levels. Furthermore, we found that a decrease in miR319c was inversely correlated with the stable accumulation of an alternative miRNA (#miR319c) derived from multiple processing of the miR319c precursor. Interestingly, the alternative accumulation of miR319c and #miR319c was associated with an additional and non-canonical partial cleavage of the miR319c precursor during its loop-to-base-processing. Analysis of the transcriptional activity showed that miR319c negatively regulated the accumulation of HY5 via TCP2 in melon plants exposed to cold, supporting its involvement in the low temperature signaling pathway associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis. Our results provide new insights regarding the versatility of plant miRNA processing and the mechanisms regulating them as well as the hypothetical mechanism for the response to cold-induced stress in melon, which is based on the alternative regulation of miRNA biogenesis.
Broadening of the differential emission measure by multi-shelled and turbulent loops
Authors: Van Doorsselaere T. , Antolin P. , Karampelas K. 
Published: October 2018

Context. Broad differential emission measure (DEM) distributions in the corona are a sign of multi-thermal plasma along the line-of-sight. Traditionally, this is interpreted as evidence of multi-stranded loops. Recently, however, it has been shown that multi-stranded loops are unlikely to exist in the solar corona, because of their instability to transverse perturbations.
Aims. We aim to test if loop models subject to the transverse wave-induced Kelvin-Helmholtz (TWIKH) instability result in broad DEMs, potentially explaining the observations.
Methods. We took simulation snapshots and compute the numerical DEM. Moreover, we performed forward-modelling in the relevant AIA channels before reconstructing the DEM.
Results. We find that turbulent loop models broaden their initial DEM, because of the turbulent mixing. The width of the DEM is determined by the initial temperature contrast with the exterior.
Conclusions. We conclude that impulsively excited loop models have a rather narrow DEM, but that continuously driven models result in broad DEMs that are comparable to the observations.
Chronische Kopfschmerzen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors: Blankenburg Markus , Schroth Michael , Braun Sarah 
Published: October 2018

ZusammenfassungPrimäre Kopfschmerzerkrankungen wie Spannungskopfschmerzen und Migräne beginnen in der Kindheit und werden mit der Einschulung und Pubertät häufiger. Bei Spannungskopf-schmerzen spielt die zentrale Schmerzsensibilisierung und Aktivierung zentraler nozizeptiver Neurone eine wichtige Rolle. Die Migräne ist eine primäre Erkrankung des Gehirns mit Auffälligkeiten schmerzmodulierender Systeme und der kortikalen Reizverarbeitung. Bei beiden Kopfschmerzformen spielen bio-psycho-soziale Faktoren eine entscheidende Rolle. Sekundäre Kopfschmerzen durch eine entzündliche oder strukturelle hirnorganische Ursache sind selten. Die Diagnose erfolgt anhand der Anamnese und der körperlichen Untersuchung sowie apparativer Untersuchungen bei Auffälligkeiten. Bei Spannungskopfschmerzen steht die multimodale Schmerztherapie im Vordergrund, bei Migräne die medikamentöse Therapie der Attacken und bei sekundären Kopfschmerzen die Behandlung der Grunderkrankung. Behandlungsziele sind die Minderung der Schmerzwahrnehmung, Förderung von Kontroll- und Selbstwirksamkeitserfahrungen, die Steigerung der körperlichen Leistungsfähigkeit sowie die Wiederaufnahme normaler Alltagsstrukturen und sozialer Kontakte als Voraussetzung für eine zunehmende Schmerzminderung.
Continuous Passive Motion Does Improve Range of Motion, Pain and Swelling After ACL Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Jaspers Theo , Taeymans Jan , Hirschmüller Anja , Baur Heiner , Hilfiker Roger , Rogan Slavko 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Background This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the results of empirical studies on the effects of CPM on rehabilitation after ACL reconstruction. The research question was: what are the effects of CPM on ROM, swelling and pain after ACL reconstruction?
Patients/Material and Methods We searched in MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane and PEDro up to January 2018. Standardized mean differences (SMD) were expressed as Hedgesʼ g, in order to correct for overestimation of the true effect in small study samples. The 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated for both the individual studies and the overall weighted estimate. Outcomes were range of motion, pain and swelling.
Results Eight studies comprising 442 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Beneficial effects of CPM could be identified for the need for pain medication (Hedgesʼ g = 0.93; 95% CI = 0.41 to 1.45 during the first 24 hours after surgery), the number of PCA button pushes by the patient during the first 24 hours after surgery (MD = 31.20; 95% CI = 11.35 to 51.05), on regaining knee flexion on the third to the seventh postoperative day (MD = 11.6°; 95% CI = 1.96 to 21.33) as well as in the third to the sixth postoperative week (Hedgesʼ g = 0.93; 95% CI = 0.41 to 1.44) and on swelling of the knee in the fourth to sixth postoperative week (Hedgesʼ g = 0.77; 95% CI = 0.35 to 1.18).
Conclusion This meta-analysis suggests that CPM has beneficial effects on pain reduction during the first two postoperative days, on knee flexion during the first to the sixth postoperative weeks and on swelling between the fourth and the sixth postoperative weeks. However, the risk-of-bias scores do not allow a high level of evidence.
Classical Massage and Acupuncture in Chronic Back Pain – Non-Inferiority Randomised Trial
Authors: Klassen Erika , Wiebelitz Karl-Ruediger , Beer André-Michael 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Background Currently, there is a need for scientific evidence on the efficacy of classical massage therapy for chronic, unspecific back pain, especially for the improvement in functional impairment and long-term pain reduction. According to the National Health Care Guidelines, classical massage for nonspecific low back pain may only be prescribed in combination with exercise therapy and a share of the remuneration. Acupuncture, on the other hand, is recognised in the guidelines as an independent treatment for chronic back pain and is remunerated by health insurance companies. This raises the question of whether classical massage therapy is not inferior compared to acupuncture, based on the therapy of the GERAC study. The Clinic of Naturopathy in Blankenstein, Hattingen uses classical massage therapy subjectively successfully in patients with back pain. To objectify the success of the treatment, a randomised controlled, non-inferiority study was conducted.
Methods The efficacy of classical massage (KMT, n = 66) was compared with acupuncture therapy (AKU, n = 66) in patients with chronic back pain. The primary endpoint was the non-inferiority of classical massage compared with the acupuncture treatment in respect of the impairment in everyday life, with the help of the Hannover function questionnaire (HFAQ) and the reduction in pain (“Von Korff”-Questionnaire) at the follow-up after one month.
Results In the per-protocol analysis during the period between enrollment in the study and follow-up, the responder rate of the KMT was 56.5% and thus tended to be inferior to the responder rate of the AKU with 62.5% (Δ = − 6%; KIΔ: − 23.5 to + 11.4%).
Conclusions The results show that classical massage therapy is not significantly inferior to acupuncture therapy in the period from admission to follow-up. Thus, the non-inferiority of the KMT to the AKU cannot be proven in the context of the defined irrelevance area.
Utilization of 1H-Indole-3-carboxaldehyde as a Precursor for the Synthesis of Bioactive Indole Alkaloids
Authors: Kirsch Gilbert , El-Sawy Eslam , Abdelwahab Ahmed 
Published: October 2018

Indole alkaloids constitute a large class of natural products and their diverse and complex structures have been attributed to potent biological activities such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antimalarial, antiplasmodial and protein kinase inhibition. The isolation of bioactive compounds from natural sources is difficult, costly and an extremely time-consuming process, therefore synthetic pathways are more convenient than natural separation to deliver such compounds in considerable amounts. In this respect, this review provides comprehensive information on the structures and the synthesis of bioactive indole alkaloids utilizing 1H-indole-3-carboxaldehyde and its derivatives as starting compounds. 1	Overview2	Phytoalexins2.1	Brassinin, Cyclobrassinin and Brassitin2.2	1-Methoxybrassinin, 1-Methoxyspirobrassinol and 1-Methoxyspirobrassinin2.3	4-Methoxybrassinin and 4-Methoxycyclobrassinin2.4	Cyclobrassinone2.5	Brassilexin2.6	(S)-(–)-Spirobrassinin2.7	Camalexin3	Bis(indole) Alkaloids: Rhopaladines A–D4	Coscinamides A and B5	α-Cyclopiazonic Acid6	Dipodazine7	Isocryptolepine8	Apparicine9	Carbazole Alkaloids: Mukonine and Clausine E10	Indolmycin11	Conclusion
Advances in Catalytic Aerobic Oxidations by Activation of Dioxygen-Monooxygenase Enzymes and Biomimetics
Authors: Zografos Alexandros , Petsi Marina 
Published: October 2018

Monooxygenases are not only some of the most versatile machineries in our lives, but also some of the most explored enzymes in modern organic synthesis. They provide knowledge and inspiration on how the most abandoned oxidant, dioxygen, can be activated and utilized to deliver selective oxidations. This review presents an outline in the mechanisms that Nature uses to succeed in these processes and recent indicative examples on how chemists use this knowledge to develop selective oxidation protocols based on dioxygen as the terminal oxidant.1	Introduction2	Monooxygenases2.1	Metal-Based Monooxygenases2.1.1	Cytochromes2.1.2	Copper-Dependent Monooxygenases2.1.3	Heme-Independent Iron Monooxygenases2.1.4	Pterin-Dependent Monooxygenases2.2	Metal-Free Monooxygenases2.2.1	Flavin-Dependent Monooxygenases2.2.2	Systems without Cofactors3	Biomimetic Aerobic Oxidations3.1	Aerobic Oxidations Based on Metal Catalysts3.1.1	Epoxidations and Allylic Oxidations3.1.2	Oxidations of Unactivated Carbon Atoms and Benzylic Oxidations3.1.3	Oxidations of Aryl Groups3.1.4	Heteroatom Oxidations3.2	Aerobic Oxidations Based on Organocatalysts3.2.1	Baeyer–Villiger Oxidations3.2.2	Oxidations of Aryl Groups3.2.3	Heteroatom Oxidations4	Conclusion