bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional connectivity corresponding to the tonotopic differentiation of the human auditory cortex
Authors: Yuan Guangjie , Liu Guangyuan , Wei Dongtao , Wang Gaoyuan , Li Qiang , Qi Mingming , Wu Shifu 
Published: February 2018

AbstractRecent research has demonstrated that resting‐state functional connectivity (RS‐FC) within the human auditory cortex (HAC) is frequency‐selective, but whether RS‐FC between the HAC and other brain areas is differentiated by frequency remains unclear. Three types of data were collected in this study, including resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, task‐based fMRI data using six pure tone stimuli (200, 400, 800, 1,600, 3,200, and 6,400 Hz), and structural imaging data. We first used task‐based fMRI to identify frequency‐selective cortical regions in the HAC. Six regions of interest (ROIs) were defined based on the responses of 50 participants to the six pure tone stimuli. Then, these ROIs were used as seeds to determine RS‐FC between the HAC and other brain regions. The results showed that there was RS‐FC between the HAC and brain regions that included the superior temporal gyrus, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DL‐PFC), parietal cortex, occipital lobe, and subcortical structures. Importantly, significant differences in FC were observed among most of the brain regions that showed RS‐FC with the HAC. Specifically, there was stronger RS‐FC between (1) low‐frequency (200 and 400 Hz) regions and brain regions including the premotor cortex, somatosensory/‐association cortex, and DL‐PFC; (2) intermediate‐frequency (800 and 1,600 Hz) regions and brain regions including the anterior/posterior superior temporal sulcus, supramarginal gyrus, and inferior frontal cortex; (3) intermediate/low‐frequency regions and vision‐related regions; (4) high‐frequency (3,200 and 6,400 Hz) regions and the anterior cingulate cortex or left DL‐PFC. These findings demonstrate that RS‐FC between the HAC and other brain areas is frequency selective.
Front Cover: A high‐throughput all‐optical laser‐scanning imaging flow cytometer with biomolecular specificity and subcellular resolution (J. Biophotonics 2/2018)
Authors: Yan Wenwei , Wu Jianglai , Wong Kenneth K. Y. , Tsia Kevin K. 
Published: February 2018

A new type of high‐throughput imaging flow cytometer (>20 000 cells s‐1) based upon an all‐optical ultrafast laser‐scanning imaging technique, called free‐space angular‐chirp‐enhanced delay (FACED) is reported. FACED imaging flow cytometers enables high‐throughput visualization of functional morphology of individual cells with subcellular resolution. It critically empowers largescale and deep characterization of single cells and their heterogeneity with high statistical power— an ability to become increasingly critical in single‐cell analysis adopted in a wide range of biomedical and life‐science applications.Further details can be found in the article by Wenwei Yan et al. (e201700178)
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Inside Back Cover: In vivo full‐field functional optical hemocytometer (J. Biophotonics 2/2018)
Authors: Zhang Fuli , Wang Mingyi , Han Dingan , Tan Haishu , Yang Guojian , Zeng Yaguang 
Published: February 2018

Full‐field functional optical hemocytometer (FFOH), based on the absorption intensity fluctuation modulation (AIFM) effect, is in vivo label‐free image method for capillaries of near‐transparent live biological specimens. FFOH can provide a flow video, flow velocity measurement and RBC count, simultaneously. The zebrafish experimental result shows the potential to study the physiological mechanisms of the blood circulation systems.Further details can be found in the article by Fuli Zhang et al. (e201700039)
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Silver linings on the horizon: highlights from the 10th Cachexia Conference
Authors: Ebner Nicole , von Haehling Stephan 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis article highlights the updates from preclinical and clinical studies into the field of wasting disorders that were presented at the 10th Cachexia Conference held in Rome, Italy, in December 2017. This year's conference saw some interesting results of larger‐scale studies and clinical trials and new therapeutic targets. Herein, we summarize the biological and clinical significance of different markers and new diagnostic tools and cut‐offs for the detection of skeletal muscle wasting, including micro RNAs, the ubiquitin‐proteasome system, mTOR signalling, news in body composition analysis including the D3‐creatine dilution method, and new biomarkers. Clinical studies investigated novel nutritional approaches, trials of elamipretide, enobosarm, and urolithin A. It remains a fact, however, that effective treatments of cachexia and wasting disorders are urgently needed in order to improve patients' quality of life and their survival.
More on foxes
Authors: Kriesell Matthias , Schmidt Jens M. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAn edge in a k‐connected graph G is called k‐contractible if the graph obtained from G by contracting e is k‐connected. Generalizing earlier results on 3‐contractible edges in spanning trees of 3‐connected graphs, we prove that (except for the graphs if ) (a) every spanning tree of a k‐connected triangle free graph has two k‐contractible edges, (b) every spanning tree of a k‐connected graph of minimum degree at least has two k‐contractible edges, (c) for , every DFS tree of a k‐connected graph of minimum degree at least has two k‐contractible edges, (d) every spanning tree of a cubic 3‐connected graph nonisomorphic to K4 has at least many 3‐contractible edges, and (e) every DFS tree of a 3‐connected graph nonisomorphic to K4, the prism, or the prism plus a single edge has two 3‐contractible edges. We also discuss in which sense these theorems are best possible.
New Developments in Genetic rat models of Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Creed Rose B. , Goldberg Matthew S. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPreclinical research on Parkinson's disease has relied heavily on mouse and rat animal models. Initially, PD animal models were generated primarily by chemical neurotoxins that induce acute loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. On the discovery of genetic mutations causally linked to PD, mice were used more than rats to generate laboratory animals bearing PD‐linked mutations because mutagenesis was more difficult in rats. Recent advances in technology for mammalian genome engineering and optimization of viral expression vectors have increased the use of genetic rat models of PD. Emerging research tools include “knockout” rats with disruption of genes in which mutations have been causally linked to PD, including LRRK2, α‐synuclein, Parkin, PINK1, and DJ‐1. Rats have also been increasingly used for transgenic and viral‐mediated overexpression of genes relevant to PD, particularly α‐synuclein. It may not be realistic to obtain a single animal model that completely reproduces every feature of a human disease as complex as PD. Nevertheless, compared with mice with the same mutations, many genetic rat animal models of PD better reproduce key aspects of PD including progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, locomotor behavior deficits, and age‐dependent formation of abnormal α‐synuclein protein aggregates. Here we briefly review new developments in genetic rat models of PD that may have greater potential for identifying underlying mechanisms, for discovering novel therapeutic targets, and for developing greatly needed treatments to slow or halt disease progression. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
On compact vector formats in the solution of the chemical master equation with backward differentiation
Authors: Dayar Tuǧrul , Orhan M. Can 
Published: February 2018

SummaryA stochastic chemical system with multiple types of molecules interacting through reaction channels can be modeled as a continuous‐time Markov chain with a countably infinite multidimensional state space. Starting from an initial probability distribution, the time evolution of the probability distribution associated with this continuous‐time Markov chain is described by a system of ordinary differential equations, known as the chemical master equation (CME). This paper shows how one can solve the CME using backward differentiation. In doing this, a novel approach to truncate the state space at each time step using a prediction vector is proposed. The infinitesimal generator matrix associated with the truncated state space is represented compactly, and exactly, using a sum of Kronecker products of matrices associated with molecules. This exact representation is already compact and does not require a low‐rank approximation in the hierarchical Tucker decomposition (HTD) format. During transient analysis, compact solution vectors in HTD format are employed with the exact, compact, and truncated generated matrices in Kronecker form, and the linear systems are solved with the Jacobi method using fixed or adaptive rank control strategies on the compact vectors. Results of simulation on benchmark models are compared with those of the proposed solver and another version, which works with compact vectors and highly accurate low‐rank approximations of the truncated generator matrices in quantized tensor train format and solves the linear systems with the density matrix renormalization group method. Results indicate that there is a reason to solve the CME numerically, and adaptive rank control strategies on compact vectors in HTD format improve time and memory requirements significantly.
Management of atrial fibrillation in diabetes
Authors: Dobbin Stephen , Fisher Miles , McKay Gerry 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDiabetes is an important risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and atrial fibrillation is linked to cardiovascular complications. The prevalence of both is increasing and they commonly co‐exist with a longer duration of diabetes and poorer control putting individuals at higher risk of atrial fibrillation.The complications of atrial fibrillation include heart failure and thromboembolism. There is an association between diabetes and atrial fibrillation and there are many theories as to the specific pathophysiology, including sharing similar precursors, but it is not clearly understood. What is understood is that the risk of developing the main consequences of atrial fibrillation can be reduced by treatment. Broadly speaking, this involves controlling the heart rhythm and/or heart rate to improve cardiac function in addition to anticoagulation. The development of risk stratification strategies and direct oral anticoagulants has led to safer anticoagulation with more individuals thought to benefit balanced against any potential risk of bleeding. The evidence base for treatment of atrial fibrillation includes many individuals with diabetes and, in this group, prevention of complications is equally as relevant. In those with diabetes and atrial fibrillation the evidence overwhelmingly supports a treatment strategy similar to that for individuals with atrial fibrillation but without diabetes. This should be done in addition to identifying and treating other cardiovascular risk factors. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons.
Mandating Public Health Emergency Preparedness: Analysis of the CMS Rule
Authors: Myers Nathan , Bearss Anna 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPublic health emergency preparedness is an area of growing policy concern with the emergence of new threats. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services issued a proposed rule in 2013 laying out mandates that hospitals and other facilities would have to meet in order to receive federal funding. Hundreds of comments were submitted in response to the rule, which was finalized in 2016. The following study employs content analysis and interpretive policy analysis to investigate the reaction to rule as it was proposed. In doing so, we will consider the different values, beliefs, and feelings regarding the rule that were expressed in public comments submitted in response to it. Along with those aspects, we will also consider the political, economic, and social implications of the proposed rule as expressed in the public comments. These methods will be used to address whether the selected comments represent different coalitions in regard to the CMS rule and if different coalitions represent different themes in their comments. The study will also consider whether the notice‐and‐comment process, in this instance, is in line with the advocacy coalition framework and whether there were clear winners in the process.
Buckling‐restrained brace with high structural performance
Authors: Iwata Mamoru , Midorikawa Mitsumasa , Koyano Kazuhisa 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe authors have studied the buckling‐restrained brace providing a stable hysteretic characteristic even under high‐strain conditions. The structural performance of the buckling‐restrained brace is represented by the evaluation formula that is the lower limit of the cumulative plastic strain energy ratio. However, as earthquakes are becoming much longer, so it is necessary to research and develop a new buckling‐restrained brace with a higher energy dissipation capacity. In this paper, our past studies are reviewed and the conditions of high‐performance of buckling‐restrained braces extracted. The buckling‐restrained brace considered was tested. As a result, a buckling‐restrained brace with a larger cumulative plastic strain energy ratio is proposed.
Design by advanced analysis – 3D benchmark problems
Authors: Ziemian Ronald D. , Abreu Jean C. Batista 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSteel design codes continue to be expanded to permit the use of more advanced methods of non‐linear analysis. Designers looking to employ such methods need to validate their analysis software and, just as importantly, verify their ability to utilize it properly. The literature contains many benchmark problems and results to help achieve this, but nearly all are limited to two‐dimensional behaviour. This paper is intended to contribute a new set of benchmark problems in order to help satisfy the need for a database of examples in which accurate modelling of three‐dimensional or spatial behaviour is essential.
Birth‐weight differences at term are explained by placental dysfunction and not by maternal ethnicity
Authors: Morales‐Roselló J. , Dias T. , Khalil A. , Fornes‐Ferrer V. , Ciammella R. , Gimenez‐Roca L. , Perales‐Marín A. , Thilaganathan B. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo investigate the influence of ethnicity, fetal gender and placental dysfunction on birth weight (BW) in term fetuses of South Asian and Caucasian origin.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of 627 term pregnancies assessed at two public tertiary hospitals in Spain and Sri Lanka. All fetuses underwent biometry and Doppler examinations within 2 weeks of delivery. The influences of fetal gender and ethnicity, gestational age (GA) at delivery, cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) and maternal age, height, weight and parity on BW were evaluated by multivariable regression analysis.ResultsFetuses born in Sri Lanka were smaller than those born in Spain (mean BW = 3026 ± 449 g vs 3295 ± 444 g; P < 0.001). Multivariable regression analysis demonstrated that GA at delivery, maternal weight, CPR, maternal height and fetal gender (estimates = 0.168, P < 0.001; 0.006, P < 0.001; 0.092, P = 0.003; 0.009, P = 0.002; 0.081, P = 0.01, respectively) were associated significantly with BW. Conversely, no significant association was noted for maternal ethnicity, age or parity (estimates = −0.010, P = 0.831; 0.005, P = 0.127; 0.035, P = 0.086, respectively). The findings were unchanged when the analysis was repeated using INTERGROWTH‐21st fetal weight centiles instead of BW (log odds, −0.175, P = 0.170 and 0.321, P < 0.001, respectively for ethnicity and CPR).ConclusionFetal BW variation at term is less dependent on ethnic origin and better explained by placental dysfunction. Copyright © 2018 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Implications of climate change for shipping: Ports and supply chains
Authors: Becker Austin , Ng Adolf K.Y. , McEvoy Darryn , Mullett Jane 
Published: February 2018

Ports are an important economic actor—at local, national, and international scales—that have been identified as being vulnerable to future changes to the climate. This paper details the findings from an international review of state‐of‐the‐art knowledge concerning climate risks, and adaptation responses, for ports and their supply chains. Evidence from both academic and gray literature indicates that there has already been major damage and disruption to ports across the world from climate‐related hazards and that such impacts are projected to increase in the years and decades to come. Findings indicate that while a substantial—and growing—body of scientific evidence on coastal risks and potential adaptation options is acting as a stimulus for port authorities to explicitly consider the risks for their assets and operations, only a notable few have actually made the next step toward implementing adaptation strategies. This paper concludes by putting forward constructive recommendations for the sector and suggestions for research to address remaining knowledge gaps. It emphasizes a call for collaboration between the research and practice communities, as well as the need to engage a broad range of stakeholders in the adaptation planning process.This article is categorized under:

Assessing Impacts of Climate Change > Evaluating Future Impacts of Climate Change
Permutation methods. Part II
Authors: Berry Kenneth J. , Johnston Janis E. , Mielke Paul W. , Johnston Lindsay A. 
Published: February 2018

Permutation statistical methods possess a number of advantages compared with conventional statistical methods, making permutation statistical methods the preferred statistical approach for many research situations. Permutation statistical methods are data‐dependent, do not rely on distribution assumptions such as normality, provide either exact or highly‐accurate approximate probability values, do not require knowledge of theoretical standard errors, and are ideal methods for small data sets where theoretical mathematical functions are often poor fits to discrete sampling distributions. On the other hand, permutation statistical methods are computationally intensive. Computational efficiencies for permutation statistical methods are described and permutation statistical methods are illustrated with a variety of common statistical tests and measures.This article is categorized under:Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Bootstrap and ResamplingStatistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Multivariate AnalysisStatistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Nonparametric MethodsStatistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Monte Carlo Methods
Perceived Changes to Obstetric Care and the Integration of Personal and Professional Life as a Pregnant Prenatal Genetic Counselor
Authors: Rietzler Jennifer L. , Birkeland Laura E. , Petty Elizabeth M. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe impact of practicing as a prenatal genetic counselor while pregnant is unclear given the limited amount of published literature on this issue. To address this gap in knowledge, a total of 215 current and past prenatal genetic counselors provided insights regarding this personal yet professional juncture through completion of an online survey that allowed for both close‐ended and open‐ended responses. While participants agreed that experiencing pregnancy affected their perspectives and counseling in several ways, this paper focuses on one particular finding—that of the changes in their own obstetric care perceived by genetic counselors while working within the prenatal setting and being pregnant themselves. As a result of these changes, considerations about when to disclose a pregnancy to colleagues along with how to integrate personal and professional needs as a pregnant prenatal genetic counselor surfaced. Additional findings, practice implications, and research recommendations are discussed.
Emergency Airway Management in a Simulation of Highly Contagious Isolated Patients: Both Isolation Strategy and Device Type Matter
Authors: Plazikowski Eike , Greif Robert , Marschall Jonas , Pedersen Tina H. , Kleine-Brueggeney Maren , Albrecht Roland , Theiler Lorenz 
Published: February 2018

OBJECTIVETo compare 6 airway-management devices in 3 isolation scenarios regarding their effect on airway management: portable isolation unit (PIU), personal protective equipment (PPE), and standard protection measuresMETHODSIn total, 30 anesthesiologists working in emergency medical services performed airway management on mannequins in 3 isolation settings using 6 different airway management devices (in random order): (1) standard Macintosh laryngoscope; (2) Airtraq SP-video-laryngoscope; (3) i-gel; (4) LMA-Fastrach; (5) Ambu fiberoptic-aScope; and (6) Melker cricothyrotomy-set. Each was assessed regarding time-to-ventilate (primary outcome) and rating of difficulty handling the device.RESULTSIn 86% (standard protection) and 85% (PPE) of attempts, airway management was achieved in <60 seconds, irrespective of the device used. In the PIU setting, only 69% of attempts succeeded within this time frame (P<.05). Median time-to-ventilate was shorter for standard protection (23 seconds) and PPE (25 seconds) compared to the PIU (38 seconds; P<.001). In the PIU setting, the fiberscope took the longest (median, 170 seconds), while i-gel was the quickest (median, 13 seconds). The rating of difficulty (visual analogue scale [VAS], 0–100) differed significantly between the isolation scenarios: Airway management was most difficult with PIU (VAS, 76), followed by PPE (VAS, 35), and standard protection (VAS, 9) (P<.01).CONCLUSIONWearing PPE produced similar times-to-ventilate as standard protection among anesthesiologists, but it was subjectively rated more difficult. The portable isolation unit permitted acceptable times-to-ventilate when excluding fiberscope and cricothyrotomy. Supraglottic airway devices allowed the fastest airway management in all isolation scenarios, thus being highly recommendable if a portable isolation unit is used and emergency airway management becomes necessary.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;39:145–151
THE NUMBER OF ATOMIC MODELS OF UNCOUNTABLE THEORIES
Authors: ULRICH DOUGLAS 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe show there exists a complete theory in a language of size continuum possessing a unique atomic model which is not constructible. We also show it is consistent with $ZFC + {\aleph _1} < {2^{{\aleph _0}}}$ that there is a complete theory in a language of size ${\aleph _1}$ possessing a unique atomic model which is not constructible. Finally we show it is consistent with $ZFC + {\aleph _1} < {2^{{\aleph _0}}}$ that for every complete theory T in a language of size ${\aleph _1}$, if T has uncountable atomic models but no constructible models, then T has ${2^{{\aleph _1}}}$ atomic models of size ${\aleph _1}$.
Is a straight line the shortest path?
Authors: Banks Jessica E. 
Published: February 2018

Is the shortest path from A to B the straight line between them? Your first response might be to think it's obviously so. But in fact you know that it's not quite that straightforward. Your sat-nav knows it's not that straightforward. It asks whether you would like it to find the shortest route or the fastest route, because finding the best path depends on knowing what exactly you mean by ‘long’. Likewise, if you're on a walk in the mountains, there's a good chance you'd rather follow the path around the head of the valley, rather than heading down the steep slope and up the other side.The same sorts of considerations apply in mathematical worlds. I use the mountainside image because it is my preferred way of thinking of a Riemannian metric. Pick an abstract surface S. A Riemannian metric on S gives a well-behaved distance function. By force of habit I tend to picture S as sitting somehow within the physical world. Probably, I'm looking at it from the outside. But if I change viewpoint, so that I am walking around on S, I can picture how the topography affects the idea of the ‘shortest path’.