bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Bulk and Rhizosphere Soils Subject to Manure Amendment and Vegetable Cultivation
Authors: Chen Chaoqi , Guron Giselle Kristi , Pruden Amy , Ponder Monica , Du Pang , Xia Kang 
Published: August 2018

There is interest in understanding effects of amending soil with manure in a cultivation setting and if composting can provide benefits. Raw or composted manure from cattle administered with and without sulfamethazine, chlortetracycline, and tylosin was amended to loamy sand and silty clay loam soils, where lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), radish (Raphanus sativus L.), and broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) were cultivated and compared with those grown in soil amended with fertilizer as a control. Upon plant maturation, rhizosphere and bulk soils were analyzed for antibiotics, and sul1, ermB, tet(W), and intI1 genes were quantified. Antibiotic concentrations in compost‐amended soils were below detection limits. For soils amended with manure containing antibiotics, sulfamethazine ranged from 1.1 to 3.1 μg kg−1 in the bulk soils but was below detection limits in the rhizosphere soils. Chlortetracycline (2.8–9.3 μg kg−1) was two times lower in the rhizosphere than in the bulk soil. Levels of tylosin in the rhizosphere soil were similar to the bulk soil. Soil texture or vegetable type did not have significant influence on antibiotic concentration differences between the bulk and rhizosphere soils. Relative abundances of tet(W) and intI1 in the fertilizer‐amended soil were significantly lower than in those amended with manure or compost (p < 0.05), whereas ermB was not detected in any soils. Rhizosphere zone has no significant effect on the detected antibiotic resistance genes. It is suggested that plant roots may have a substantial effect on the fate of certain antibiotics in manure‐amended fields, but less of an effect on antibiotic resistance and mobility genes.Core Ideas
Composting reduces antibiotic inputs to soils relative to direct manure application.
Antibiotic concentrations in manure generally decrease in amended soils.
Dissipation of sulfamethazine and chlortetracycline is enhanced in the rhizosphere.
Antibiotic fate in bulk and rhizosphere soils was similar for three vegetables and two soils.
Resistance and mobility genes were greater in manure ‐ than fertilizer‐amended soil.
Estimating Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity along a South‐North Transect in the Loess Plateau of China
Authors: Yang Yang , Jia Xiaoxu , Wendroth Ole , Liu Baoyuan 
Published: August 2018

Core Ideas
Ks was estimated using MLR‐type PTFs, ANN‐type PTFs and state‐space analysis.
State‐space modeling was scale‐sensitive in estimating Ks in Loess Plateau.
Spatial correlations revealed in state‐space analyses were consistent with wavelet coherency.
Bulk density, clay content and topography dominated Ks spatial distribution.
A precise description of saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) and its spatial variability is required for modeling soil and water transport in the vadose zone. Nevertheless, the direct measurement of Ks is expensive and laborious especially for large domains crossing hundreds of kilometers. The objective was to estimate Ks from easily accessible soil properties and environmental factors using pedotransfer functions (PTFs) and state‐space analysis. Along an 860‐km south–north transect in the Loess Plateau of China, soil cores for Ks measurements were collected at depths of 0 to 10, 10 to 20, and 20 to 40 cm at 10‐km intervals from 15 Apr. to 15 May 2013. Multiple linear regression (MLR) and artificial neural network (ANN) were used to derive PTFs for Ks estimation. Based on the eight factors of bulk density, soil organic carbon, sand content, clay content, mean annual precipitation and temperature, slope gradient and elevation, the state‐space analysis appeared to outperform the PTFs in calibrating Ks over the entire transect. The adjusted coefficients of determination (R2adj) for the state‐space models were all greater than 0.9, whereas the corresponding R2adj were much lower for the MLR‐ and ANN‐type PTFs (ranging from 0.398 to 0.880). However, the state‐space approach is quite scale‐sensitive, and overfitting occurred when it was cross‐validated with a leave‐one‐out procedure. It performed almost perfectly in calibration as implied in the R2adj of ∼1 but rather poorly in validation with R2adj typically >0.4. The ANN method exhibited the best Ks estimations at all depths. Both wavelet coherency and state‐space modeling quantified the spatial correlations of Ks with the eight factors investigated and manifested consistent results, that is, bulk density, clay content, and topography were the primary properties controlling Ks distribution. These findings are critical for hydrological modeling and irrigation management in the Loess Plateau of China and possibly other arid and semi‐arid regions.
Diseño óptimo del proceso de extracción de grasa a partir del residuo de descarne derivado del proceso de curtición
Authors: Cardona-Palacio Luis Fernando 
Published: August 2018

En esta investigación se evaluaron las condiciones óptimas para la producción de grasa a partir del descarne en la empresa Curtimbres de Itagüí S.A., localizado en el departamento de Antioquia, Colombia. Se midieron parámetros como la temperatura, volumen de agua de cocción, tratamiento del residuo líquido mediante coagulación-fl oculación, para obtener productos como el clarifi cado que podría ser usado en los lavados de la zona de pelambre y un residuo sólido al cual se realizó un tratamiento de compostaje, demostrando ser una técnica viable y económica.
Herramienta para el dimensionamiento de sistemas fotovoltáicos aislados
Authors: Serna-Ruiz Andrés Felipe , Marín-García Edward Johan , Alzate-Plaza Sandra Liliana 
Published: August 2018

En este artículo se dará aconocer el desarrollo de una herramienta para el dimensionamiento de Sistemas Fotovoltaicos Aislados (SFVA). La metodología utilizada en la implementación se basó en el análisis de los diferentes modelos matemáticos que han sido utilizados en otras herramientas, complementados con otros hallados en la bibliografía y característicos de los diferentes elementos usados en sistemas SFVA. Como valor agregado al modelamiento, se tiene una base de datos de la radiación en el campus universitario (Universidad del Quindio. Armenia, Quindio, Colombia), la cual ha sido generada durante 6 meses consecutivos.El software está implementado en la Interface Gráfica de Usuario (GUI)del programa MatLab ®.Esta herramientaofrece a instaladores y planeadores la posibilidad de dimensionar en tiempo real un SFVA, puede además diseñar y evaluar los resultados obtenidos y así poder tomar decisiones sobre su implementación. El usuario debe tener como dato básico el consumo del sistema y como datos adicionales (no requeridos) la radiación solar, la temperatura, la ubicación y el tipo de dispositivos que desea utilizar en el sistema; aunque, el no colocar estos datos opcionales, también proporcionará una implementación sugerida. Como resultado final la herramienta entregará al diseñador del SFVA la configuración y cantidad de paneles solares, el número de acumuladores, la cantidad de reguladores e inversores a utilizar, de acuerdo con elementos escogidos por él o sugeridos por el software.
Ecobloque Estructural para Vivienda de Interés Rural: Un Aporte Para las Comunidades en el Alto Magdalena – Colombia
Authors: Barragán-Alturo Ancizar , Duran-Siachoque Nixon Guillermo , Figueroa-Gonzalez Karen Alexandra , Rovayo-Novoa María Ximena 
Published: August 2018

El objetivo del presente proyecto de investigación de ingeniería civil, fue el diseño de un bloque elaborado en concreto con un nuevo componente del entorno: las botellas de polietileno tereftalato, (más conocido por sus siglas en inglés PET polyethylene terephthalate). Dicho material perjudica el medio ambiente, por eso se reutilizan y se ligan con materiales de la industria de la construcción, dando como resultado un bloque que puede ser utilizado en mampostería no estructural, con proyección en la mampostería estructural; así mismo, esta investigación analizó cómo reducir los costos que causa un bloque convencional a la hora de ser elaborado, a través de la comparación con un ecobloque confeccionado con botellas PET: material reutilizado de los residuos que el ser humano genera a diario. Otro objetivo de esta investigación consistió en darle un enfoque hacia la construcción de viviendas de interés social, con el fin beneficiar a las comunidades de escasos recursos que habitan en las zonas rurales de la provincia del Alto Magdalena– Colombia. El propósito del proyecto siempre estuvo enmarcado en el desarrollo sostenible, es decir, en el manejo eficiente de los recursos a través del reciclaje y la reutilización de materiales de desecho, que propicien la restauración del entorno y, por ende, el acceso a una mejor calidad de vida.
Análisis de componentes principales para caracterización estructural de pymes manufactureras de Cartagena de Indias, Colombia
Authors: Bedoya-Marrugo Elias Alberto , Vargas-Ortiz Luz Elena , González-Urango Hannia Karime , Severiche-Sierra Carlos Alberto 
Published: August 2018

Se caracterizó por análisis de componentes principales a 11 empresas pymes manufactureras (excepto maquinaria y equipo) de Cartagena de indias, relacionadas con los códigos CIIU 1011, 2011 y 2511 con respecto a las variables patrimonio, ventas, activos, pasivos, utilidades y tiempo en el mercado; posteriormente se realizó un análisis de cluster combinando el método factorial y el análisis de conglomerados. Los resultados muestran con respecto a los activos, se observan empresas que superan los 96 millones de pesos, mientras que algunas están por debajo de los $1,500,000, los valores para el patrimonio de encuentran entre $243,432 y $43,198,363; valores superados por los máximos y mínimos de las ventas. Las utilidades promedio de las empresas superan los pasivos promedio de las mismas. Los coeficientes de correlación entre las variables indican una asociación entre las variables Patrimonio y ventas (correlación de 0,652); al igual que entre las variables activos, pasivos y utilidades.
ECONOMIA CRIATIVA: UMA ANÁLISE DOS MARCOS CONCEITUAIS PARA O DIREITO
Authors: Lelis Henrique Rodrigues , Brasil Deilton Ribeiro 
Published: August 2018

A finalidade deste artigo é apresentar os conceitos básicos da economia criativa e fazer uma análise sobre possíveis impactos que esta nova ordem pode trazer no campo jurídico. Na primeira parte é apresentado o conceito de economia criativa, sua origem histórica e alguns fatos que evidenciam sua aplicabilidade, especialmente, o reconhecimento do tema como estratégico por diversos países e por organismos internacionais. Na segunda parte, é apresentada uma análise dos possíveis impactos que este modelo econômico poderá trazer no âmbito jurídico, chegando-se a conclusão de que é preciso aprimorar o debate sobre o aprimoramento da legislação brasileira, especialmente quanto a ao desenvolvimento de políticas públicas para o setor, a proteção do trabalhador e do patrimônio cultural. Em razão de seus objetivos, utilizou-se o método descritivo analítico como modalidade de raciocínio lógico e a pesquisa bibliográfica como técnica. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Economia Criativa; Cultura; Direitos Fundamentais; Desenvolvimento Social; Marco Regulatório.
Optimalization of Temperature to Control Araecerus fasciculatus de Geer (Coleoptera: Anthribidae) on Nutmeg
Authors: Rachmanto Dwi , Wagiman Fransiscus Xaverius , Indarti Siwi 
Published: August 2018

The exported nutmeg of Indonesia is frequently affected by the coffee bean weevil, Araecerus fasciculatus de Geer (Coleoptera: Anthribidae), so that it should be fumigated prior to export. CH3Br is an effective fumigant as quarantine measure for export products for 24 h, but this fumigant has been prohibited. Therefore, air temperature treatment is one of the alternative strategies. This research was aimed to determine the optimum air temperature in controlling A. fasciculatus on nutmeg. Healthy nutmeg, infected and A. fasciculatus-containing nutmeg, as well as individual adults of A. fasciculatus were treated with air temperature of 30−70°C for 1−24 h. The optimum air temperature was the lowest temperature which could kill 100% of examined insects. The results showed that 100% mortality of A. fasciculatus adults outside nutmeg occurred at air temperature of 45°C for 12 h or 50°C for 6 h. Meanwhile, 100% mortality of life stadium of A. fasciculatus inside nutmeg happened at air temperature of 55°C for 24 h. The raising of air temperature at 30−50°C for 24 h decreased the water content of nutmeg from 5.59±0.25 to 3.79±0.24%. The increment of temperature from 50 to 55°C for 24 h reduced the weight of nutmeg from 5.20±0.72 to 5.04±0.70 g. Air temperature treatment at 45−50°C for 12−24 h could eliminate adults of A. fasciculatus on exported nutmeg and air temperature of 55°C for 24 h could remove all life stadia of A. fasciculatus within nutmeg. IntisariBiji pala ekspor Indonesia sering diserang oleh kumbang bubuk biji kopi, Araecerus fasciculatus de Geer (Coleoptera: Anthribidae), sehingga harus difumigasi sebelum diekspor. Tindakan karantina pada produk ekspor yang sering menggunakan CH3Br efektif selama 24 jam, namun fumigan ini sudah dilarang. Oleh karena itu, perlakuan suhu udara merupakan salah satu alternatifnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan suhu udara optimal untuk mengendalikan A. fasciculatus pada biji pala. Biji pala yang sehat, biji pala yang terserang dan berisi serangga A. fasciculatus serta imago A. fasciculatus diperlakukan dengan suhu udara 30−70°C selama 1−24 jam. Suhu udara optimal yaitu suhu terendah yang dapat membunuh 100% serangga uji. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 100% mortalitas imago A. fasciculatus di luar biji pala terjadi pada suhu udara 45°C selama 12 jam atau 50°C selama 6 jam. Sementara itu, mortalitas 100% stadia hidup A. fasciculatus di dalam biji pala terjadi pada suhu udara 55°C selama 24 jam. Kenaikan suhu udara 30−50°C selama 24 jam menurunkan kadar air biji pala dari 5,59±0,25 menjadi 3,79±0,24%. Peningkatan suhu dari 50 menjadi 55°C selama 24 jam menurunkan berat biji pala dari 5,20±0,72 menjadi 5,04±0,70 g. Perlakuan suhu udara 45−50°C selama 12−24 jam dapat mengeliminasi imago A. fasciculatus pada biji pala ekspor dan suhu udara 55°C selama 24 jam dapat mengeliminasi semua stadia hidup A. fasciculatus di dalam biji pala.
Biologi dan Statistik Demografi Coccinella transversalis Thunberg (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Predator Aphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Efendi Siska , Yaherwandi Yaherwandi , Nelly Novri 
Published: August 2018

Biology and demographic statistics of lady beetle Coccinella transversalis Thunberg (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) using Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae) as prey was studied in laboratory. Development of C. transversalis from egg to adult was 31.02±4.73 days. The egg stage lasted for 2.33±0.58 days. Larva stage has four instars, which lasted for 2.43±0.19 days (instar I); 2.53 days±0.19 (instar II); 2.64±0.04 days (instar III), and 2.77±0.21 days (instar IV). A female laid 90.44±14.38 eggs. Meanwhile, gross reproduction rate (GRR) of C. transversalis was 74.80 individuals per generation, the net reproduction rate (R0) was 18.22 individual per female per generation, the innate capacity for increase (rm) was 0.46 individual female per day, the mean generation time (T) 12.40 days, and the double population value (DT) was 1.51 days. IntisariMasa perkembangan pradewasa dan imago serta keperidian Coccinella transversalis (Thunberg) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) telah diteliti di laboratorium dengan menggunakan Aphis gossypii (Glover) (Homoptera: Aphididae) sebagai mangsa. Masa perkembangan C. transversalis sejak stadium telur hingga menjadi imago adalah 31,02±4,73 hari. Perkembangan larva terdiri dari empat instar, masa perkembangan instar I sampai IV berturut-turut adalah 2,43±0,19 hari; 2,53±0,19 hari; 2,64±0,04 hari, dan 2,77±0,21 hari, dengan masa pupa 3,18±0,77 hari. Umur imago betina C. transversalis lebih panjang jika dibandingkan dengan imago jantan yakni 15,14±1,90 dan 13,63±1,00 hari. Imago betina meletakkan telur setelah melewati masa pra oviposisi selama 2,67±0,58 hari. Masa oviposisi C. transversalis yakni 8,97±0,89 hari dengan jumlah telur yang diletakkan yakni 90,44±14,38 butir. Parameter demografi C. transversalis adalah laju reproduksi kotor (GRR) adalah 74,80 individu per generasi; laju reproduksi bersih (Ro) 18,22 individu per induk per generasi; laju pertumbuhan intrinsik (rm) sebesar 0,46 individu per induk per hari; masa rata-rata generasi (T) selama 12,40 hari; dan nilai pelipatgandaan populasi (DT) adalah 1,51 hari.
Laporan Pertama di Sulawesi Selatan: Karakter Morfologi dan Molekuler Nematoda Puru Akar yang Berasosiasi dengan Akar Padi di Kabupaten Wajo, Sulawesi Selatan
Authors: Mirsam Hishar , Kurniawati Fitrianingrum 
Published: August 2018

Root Knot Nematode (RKN) is one of the most important cosmopolite parasitic nematode species. Reports on RKN associated with rice root in Indonesia are still limited in West Java and Yogyakarta. This study aimed to identify the RKN associated with rice root in Sub-district of Bola, District of Wajo, South Sulawesi, based on morphological and molecular characters. Sampling was carried out by purposive method based on specific criteria of sample, i.e. root knot. Identification of root knot nematode (RKN) infestation in field was done by observing the primary and secondary symptoms. Morphological identification was carried out based on characters of juvenile 2 and the female perineal pattern. Molecular identification was based on amplification of r-DNA by polymerase chain reaction technique using primers rDNA2 and rDNA 1.58s. RKN were detected associated with the incidence of root knot in rice plant. RKN was identified as Meloidogyne graminicola based on morphological characters of juvenile 2 and the female perineal pattern. PCR using primer rDNA 2 / rDNA 1.58s successfully amplified a DNA band of RKN of ± 500 bp. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed that RKN isolated from Wajo was closely related to M. graminicola isolated from Nepal, China, India, Madagascar, and USA with homology of 98.1–100.00%. IntisariNematoda puru akar (NPA) merupakan salah satu jenis nematoda parasit penting yang bersifat kosmopolit. Laporan NPA yang berasosiasi dengan akar tanaman padi di Indonesia masih terbatas di Jawa Barat dan Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi NPA yang berasosiasi dengan akar tanaman padi di Kabupaten Wajo, Sulawesi Selatan berdasarkan karakter morfologi dan molekuler. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara purposif dengan memilih sampel berdasarkan pada kriteria gejala spesifik penyakit puru akar. Identifikasi serangan dilakukan dengan mengamati gejala primer dan gejala sekunder. Identifikasi morfologi dilakukan dengan pengamatan karakter morfologi juvenil 2 dan pola perineal NPA betina.Identifikasi molekuler dilakukan dengan teknik polymerase chain reaction (PCR) untuk mengamplifikasi wilayah internal transcribed spacer (ITS) ribosomal DNA (rDNA) menggunakan pasangan primer rDNA2 dan rDNA1.58s. NPA ditemukan berasosiasi dengan akar tanaman padi yang memperlihatkan gejala puru akar. NPA diidentifikasi sebagai Meloidogyne graminicola berdasarkan karakter morfologi juvenil 2 dan pola perineal NPA betina. PCR menggunakan primer rDNA2/ rDNA1.58s berhasil mengamplifikasi pita DNA NPA dengan ukuran sekitar 500 bp. Analisis runutan nukleotida menunjukkan isolat NPA asal Wajo-Indonesia memiliki tingkat kekerabatan yang sangat dekat dengan isolat M. graminicola asal Nepal, Cina, India, Madagaskar, dan Amerika Serikat dengan nilai homologi berkisar 98,1–100,0%.
Relação do Desempenho Acadêmico com Características Observáveis e Experiências Estudantis de Discentes de Ciências Contábeis
Authors: Meurer Alison Martins , Pedersini Daiana Rafaela , Antonelli Ricardo Adriano , Lopes Iago França , Musial Nayane Thais Krespi 
Published: August 2018

Este estudo verifica a relação do desempenho acadêmico com as características observáveis e experiências estudantis dos alunos de Contabilidade de uma instituição de ensino superior pública no Sul do Brasil. A coleta de dados deu-se a partir de fonte primária, instrumentalizada por meio questionário, e secundária, com informações solicitadas junto à coordenação do curso. Destarte, para a análise dos dados foi utilizada a técnica de regressão múltipla. Os resultados indicaram que dos 14 preditores explicativos incluídos no modelo, quatro apresentaram relação significante com o desempenho acadêmico. As quatro variáveis com relação significativa foram: reprovação em disciplina, horas de estudos extraclasse, o fato da disciplina preferida pertencer ao grupo de matérias específicas da Contabilidade e nota obtida no ENEM. Conclui-se que as características observáveis dos alunos da instituição de ensino superior e as experiências estudantis possuem capacidade para influenciar o desempenho dos alunos da amostra. Tais resultados implicam no aperfeiçoamento e no planejamento das práticas de ensino. Por fim, esta investigação contribui com as pesquisas realizadas na área temática e fornece introspecções à realização de estudos futuros.
Outcome of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in Horseshoe Kidneys
Authors: Dongol Udaya Man Singh , Bohora Sandeep 
Published: August 2018

Introduction: The horseshoe kidney is extremely rare, the incidence being one in every 400 - 800 patients. In a recent review of more than 15000 radiographic imaging studies, the incidence was one in every 666 patients. The renal stone formation in horseshoe kidney is around 20-80%. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is the most accepted modality of treatment . This study was carried out to find the outcome of percutaneous nephrolithotomy in horseshoe kidneys.
Methods: Between May 2013 and November 2017, 11 adult patients(12 renal units) with stones in horseshoe kidneys underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy in the department of urosurgery, Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital and were evaluated for the operating time, stone free rate , complications and hospital stay. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social sciences (SPSS) Version 20. Categorical data were analysed by using Fisher exact test.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 30.9 years (SD = 10.3) and the mean stone burden was 385.83 mm2 (SD = 331.3). The overall stone free rate was 83.33%. The two patients with residual stones when counselled for Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, refused for it and decided to be on follow up. No auxiliary procedure was done. The complications noted were of Clavien-Dindo grade I and II. No pleural or bowel injury was seen. One patient needed blood transfusion.
Conclusions: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is safe and effective in the management of stones in horseshoe kidneys. It does not carry increased risk than reported in normal kidneys.