bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eye and vision problems associated with learning disabilities
Authors: Woodhouse J. Margaret 
Published: August 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to educate professionals, families and supporters about the importance of ensuring regular eye examinations for the people with learning disabilities.Design/methodology/approachThis is a general review of the type and prevalence of visual problems of which people with learning disabilities are most at risk.FindingsEye problems in people with learning disabilities are common but are often over-looked.Practical implicationsUncorrected refractive errors mean that people are unnecessarily denied experiences and learning opportunities. Spectacles are a simple solution, and most people can be supported to wear them. Cataracts and keratoconus are conditions that can lead to visual impairment, but which are now treatable and learning disabilities should not be a contra-indication to treatment. Untreatable eye conditions mean lifelong visual impairment, but if this is not recognised, care may be inappropriate or the learning disability assumed to be greater than it is.Originality/valueThe review describes how families and supporters can organise successful eye examinations, to ensure that no-one with learning disabilities has an eye condition that is not managed appropriately.
Human case of subcutaneous nodule because of a novel genetic variation of Dirofilaria sp.
Authors: Nakao Masaharu , Okamura Ai , Mizuno Tetsushi , Takehara Kazuhiko , Tokoro Masaharu , Matsushita Takashi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA 75‐year‐old man presented with a 1‐cm large elastic soft subcutaneous nodule on the left side of the umbilicus, which when excised showed presence of a helminthic form within the granulomatous lesions. Morphologically, the helminth was considered to be of the genus Dirofilaria, and the patient showed increased serum antibody titer against canine filaria. The partial DNA sequence of the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene locus of this clinical isolate showed the highest nucleotide identity (89.6%) with Dirofilaria repens; however, the phylogenetic analysis addressed the haplotype and Dirofilaria ursi as outgroups of the clusters of D. repens and Dirofilaria immitis, which are the causal agents of most human dirofilariasis. As like bear filaria D. ursi, a wide variety of other carnivore‐parasitizing filaria species have rarely been reported in humans. The newly detected genetic haplotype in this case may correspond to one of these species of Dirofilaria, though the genetic references are not available thus far.
Fixing Transient Iodine on Developed Latent Fingermarks
Authors: Kumari Sharma Kirti , Kannikanti Gavash Harsha , Baggi Tulsidas Ramachandra Rao , Vaidya Jayathirtha Rao 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn the present study, a simple and novel fume–mist technique is described which can be used efficiently to fix the latent fingermarks developed using iodine. It is well known that the residues left over in the fingermarks interact with iodine to give transient brown impressions which disappear in a short time. Also, iodine forms colored complexes with various organic solvents. Based on iodine–fingermark interaction and iodine–solvent complex formation, latent fingermarks were developed on paper surface using iodine fumes which were subsequently fixed by spraying polar and nonpolar solvents. The fingermarks developed with this technique were not only clear but also permanent in nature. The interaction of fingermark residue, iodine, and solvent forming a ternary structure is believed to be a possible reason for the stability of iodine‐developed fingermarks. Ease of method, availability of chemicals, and minimum training make the method adaptable in routine development of forensic fingermarks present on paper surface.
Early life exposure to 1959‐1961 Chinese famine exacerbates association between diabetes and cardiovascular disease
Authors: Shi Zumin , Ji Linong , Ma Ronald C.W. , Zimmet Paul 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to assess whether early life exposure to the Chinese famine (1959‐1961) modifies the association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adulthood.MethodsData from 4247 adults born between 1954 and 1964 from the 2011 and 2015 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were analyzed. CVD in 2011 and 2015 was based on self‐reported doctor's diagnosis of cardiac events (heart attack, coronary heart disease, angina, congestive heart failure, or other heart problems) and stroke. Diabetes in 2011 was defined by fasting blood glucose, HbA1C, or known diabetes.ResultsDiabetes in 2011 was cross‐sectionally associated with an increase of CVD risk in 2011 (OR 1.91, 95%CI 1.53‐2.40, P < 0.001) after adjusting for age and gender. Famine exposure changed the association between diabetes and CVD in areas severely affected by famine. The odds ratios (OR) of diabetes in 2011 for CVD in 2015 were 1.24 (95%CI 0.73‐2.10), 1.27 (95%CI 0.72‐2.24), 2.25 (95%CI 1.29‐3.91), 4.31 (95%CI 2.07‐8.97) and 1.72 (95%CI 0.84‐3.51) among adults in late childhood‐, mid‐childhood‐, early childhood‐, fetal‐, and nonexposed cohorts in severe famine areas, respectively.ConclusionT2DM is associated with the risk of CVD among Chinese adults. Fetal and early childhood exposure to the Chinese famine exacerbated the associated risk.
Assessment of the Choice Behavior Under Cued Conditions (CBUCC) paradigm as a measure of motivation to smoke under laboratory conditions
Authors: Gass Julie C. , Tiffany Stephen T. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsThe Choice Behavior under Cued Conditions (CBUCC) task uses three indices of tobacco use (consumption, money spent to access a cigarette and latency to reach for a cigarette) to assess motivation to smoke under laboratory conditions. Initial research with this procedure has shown that it can evince cue‐specific craving and differential responding for smoking versus a neutral cue. This study aimed to replicate these findings and assess the interaction of cue‐specific craving and behavior with abstinence prior to testing.DesignA mixed repeated‐measures between‐groups factorial design was used. Participants attended a morning laboratory session in which they were randomized to remain abstinent or smoke as usual (between‐groups factor) and returned in the afternoon to complete CBUCC. In this, participants were exposed to 40 experimental trials. In each trial they were exposed to a cigarette or water cue behind a movable glass door (repeated‐measures factor).SettingUniversity at Buffalo, New York, USA.ParticipantsParticipants were 106 daily non‐treatment‐seeking cigarette smokers, data from 102 were used.MeasurementsOn each of 40 trials, participants rated cigarette craving, and behavioral measures from the CBUCC (money spent, latency to access the cue, puff duration) were recorded.FindingsCraving and CBUCC behavioral measures showed high internal reliability across trials (Cronbach alphas ranged from 0.88 to 0.98). Craving and money spent were higher in trials with the cigarette cue than the water cue (F(1100) = 45.49, P < 0.001 and F(1100) = 116.26, P < 0.001). Other CBUCC measures did not show a significant effect of cue type. The difference in spending between cigarette and water cues was larger for abstinent participants than non‐abstinent participants (F(1100) = 5.0, P = 0.03). Other CBUCC measures did not show a significant interaction between abstinence and cue type. Craving on smoking trials was significantly correlated with cigarette spending (r = 0.54, P < 0.001) in the non‐abstinence condition but not in the abstinence condition.ConclusionsCraving and ‘money spent' in the Choice Behavior under Cued Conditions task (CBUCC) appears to be responsive to cigarette versus water cues, and money spent appears to show greater difference in responsiveness to cigarette than water cues after abstinence.
Work safety in plastination
Authors: Schill Volker K. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this article, information is given on potential physical and health hazards in the steps of the silicone cold temperature method, often referred to as “S 10 Standard Method.” The main potential hazards related to plastination, as well as recommended measures to effectively avoid explosion and health hazards are discussed. Some specialty chemicals pose chronic health hazards. Exposure to these chemicals can be avoided by standard laboratory hygiene, that is wearing personal protective equipment like safety goggles and protective gloves. Inhalation hazard, for example when working at open dehydration containers or when opening a gas curing box, is preferentially avoided by the action of an appropriate ventilation system. Acetone is the standard solvent used for dehydration and defatting of the specimens to be plastinated. Like for other flammable liquids, explosion protection must be considered when handling acetone. The concentration of acetone vapour in the air must be kept below the lower explosion limit through appropriate room or workplace ventilation. Furthermore, all potential sources of ignition should be removed from the explosion hazard zone. If electrical devices need to be operated inside the explosion hazard zone, they need a special design and approval. The conditions covered by this approval can be found on the identification plate of the individual device.
Distribution of actin filaments in the seminiferous epithelium of the Habu, Trimeresurus flavoviridis
Authors: Kurohmaru Masamichi , Matsui Toshiyasu , Igarashi Hitomi , Hattori Shosaku , Hayashi Yoshihiro 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe distribution of actin filaments was examined in the seminiferous epithelium of the Habu (Trimeresurus flavoviridis; snake), by transmission electron microscopy and fluorescence histochemistry. By transmission electron microscopy, actin filaments were clearly found only at the site between Sertoli cell and spermatid without a lattice‐like structure. Fluorescence histochemistry showed a weak labelling of actin filaments in the seminiferous epithelium, whereas these findings seem to be common among reptiles, they are different from those in mammals. Additionally, the bundles of actin filaments adjacent to the plasma membrane of Sertoli cells, appeared in other reptiles, were not observed in the Habu.
Novel use of the Nathanson liver retractor to prevent postoperative transient liver dysfunction during laparoscopic gastrectomy
Authors: Hiramatsu Kazuhiro , Aoba Taro , Kamiya Tadahiro , Mohri Koichi , Kato Takehito 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe Nathanson liver retractor (N) has been known to cause postoperative transient liver dysfunction (POTLD) in laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG). To reduce the incidence of POTLD, specifically we added to the retractor the use of a disk (N + D) to reduce the localized pressure, and furthermore repositioned the retractor every 30 minutes (N + D TM) to reduce the liver retraction time. Before and after introducing this retractor, we assessed four consecutive retraction procedures. These included the following disk suspension methods (D), N, N + D, and N + D TM.MethodsWe retrospectively enrolled 85 patients who underwent an LG. In the D, N, N + D, and N + D TM groups, we evaluated the postoperative serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values.ResultsFor the D and N groups, the AST value significantly increased from the immediate post‐operation time point (IPOT) to the third postoperative day (POD3). Additionally, the ALT value increased from IPOT to POD7. In the N + D group, the only decrease was in the ALT value at IPOT compared to the N group. The N + D TM group decreased in both the AST value from IPOT to POD3 and in the ALT value from IPOT to POD7, compared to the N group.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate the importance of reducing both the localized pressure and liver retraction time when using the Nathanson retractor to prevent POTLD during an LG. To make this possible, we successfully introduced the use of both a disk and the repositioning of the retractor at 30 minute intervals.
Risk assessment of using off‐label morphine sulfate in a population‐based retrospective cohort of opioid‐dependent patients
Authors: Bertin Célian , Delorme Jessica , Riquelme Marie , Peyrière Hélène , Brousse Georges , Eschalier Alain , Ardid Denis , Chenaf Chouki , Authier Nicolas 
Published: August 2019

AimsSeveral addictovigilance studies have described the off‐label use of morphine sulfate (MS) for nonchronic pain in opioid use disorder (OUD) patients as an alternative to conventional opioid substitution treatments (OSTs). This study primarily sought to compare the incidence of unintentional opioid‐related overdose in the year following the prescription initiation in off‐label MS users, compared to OST‐maintained patients.MethodsSequential cohorts of OUD patients who were regularly dispensed MS, buprenorphine, or methadone, between 1 April 2012 and 31 December 2014, were retrospectively identified using the French nationwide healthcare data system. The incidence of overdoses, deaths, doctor shopping, and complications of a viral, bacterial or thrombotic nature, was compared using the Cox regression method.ResultsOverall, 1075, 20 834 and 9778 OUD patients without chronic‐pain were included in the MS, buprenorphine, and methadone cohorts, respectively. Overdose incidence was 3.8 (P < .01 [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.1–6.8]) and 2.0 (P = .02 [95%CI: 1.1–3.6]) higher in the MS cohort vs buprenorphine and methadone, respectively. Death incidence was 9.1 (P < .01 [95%CI: 3.2–25.9]) and 3.9 (P < .01 [95%CI: 1.4–10.7]) higher in the MS cohort vs buprenorphine and methadone, respectively. The incidences of other associated risks were significantly higher in the MS group vs OSTs, except for hepatitis C viral infection and thrombotic complications.ConclusionThis first French comprehensive nationwide study reveals increasing overdose, death, bacterial infection, abuse and diversion risks when off‐label MS is initiated as alternative to OST. These results question the relevance of prescribing MS as a safe opioid maintenance treatment, considering its health risk profile.
Why a right to life rules out infanticide: A final reply to Räsänen
Authors: Blackshaw Bruce P. , Rodger Daniel 
Published: August 2019

AbstractJoona Räsänen has argued that pro‐life arguments against the permissibility of infanticide are not persuasive, and fail to show it to be immoral. We responded to Räsänen’s arguments, concluding that his critique of pro‐life arguments was misplaced. Räsänen has recently replied in ‘Why pro‐life arguments still are not convincing: A reply to my critics’, providing some additional arguments as to why he does not find pro‐life arguments against infanticide convincing. Here, we respond briefly to Räsänen’s critique of the substance view, and also to his most important claim: that possession of a right to life by an infant does not rule out the permissibility of infanticide. We demonstrate that this claim is unfounded, and conclude that Räsänen has not refuted pro‐life arguments against infanticide.
Randomization inference with general interference and censoring
Authors: Loh Wen Wei , Hudgens Michael G. , Clemens John D. , Ali Mohammad , Emch Michael E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractInterference occurs between individuals when the treatment (or exposure) of one individual affects the outcome of another individual. Previous work on causal inference methods in the presence of interference has focused on the setting where it is a priori assumed that there is “partial interference,” in the sense that individuals can be partitioned into groups wherein there is no interference between individuals in different groups. Bowers et al. (2012, Political Anal, 21, 97–124) and Bowers et al. (2016, Political Anal, 24, 395–403) consider randomization‐based inferential methods that allow for more general interference structures in the context of randomized experiments. In this paper, extensions of Bowers et al. that allow for failure time outcomes subject to right censoring are proposed. Permitting right‐censored outcomes is challenging because standard randomization‐based tests of the null hypothesis of no treatment effect assume that whether an individual is censored does not depend on treatment. The proposed extension of Bowers et al. to allow for censoring entails adapting the method of Wang et al. (2010, Biostatistics, 11, 676–692) for two‐sample survival comparisons in the presence of unequal censoring. The methods are examined via simulation studies and utilized to assess the effects of cholera vaccination in an individually randomized trial of 73 000 children and women in Matlab, Bangladesh.
Carfilzomib is an effective upfront treatment in AL amyloidosis patients with peripheral and autonomic neuropathy
Authors: Manwani Richa , Mahmood Shameem , Sachchithanantham Sajitha , Lachmann Helen J. , Gillmore Julian D. , Yong Kwee , Rabin Neil , Popat Rakesh , Kyriakou Charalampia , Worthington Sarah , Sharpley Faye , Smith Mark , Shah Raakhee , Cheesman Simon , Hawkins Philip N. , Wechalekar Ashutosh D. 
Published: August 2019

SummaryBortezomib is standard treatment in AL amyloidosis (AL), but is contraindicated in patients with significant neuropathy. Carfilzomib, a second‐generation proteosomal inhibitor, results in a lower incidence of neuropathy than bortezomib, but data in AL is scant. We report a cohort of five AL patients treated with upfront carfilzomib. All had cardiac, peripheral and autonomic neuropathy at presentation. All achieved at least a very good partial haematological response. There was no worsening in cardiac function, peripheral or autonomic neuropathy. Carfilzomib is an effective upfront treatment option in AL patients with peripheral and/or autonomic neuropathy (without severe cardiac or renal involvement).
Population‐based assessment of re‐treatment and healthcare utilisation after photoselective vaporisation of the prostate or electrosurgical transurethral resection of the prostate
Authors: Welk Blayne , Reid Jennifer , Ordon Michael , Razvi Hassan , Campbell Jeffrey 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveTo compare the healthcare utilisation and repeat surgical treatment rate amongst older men undergoing an electrosurgical‐transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) vs photoselective vaporisation of the prostate (PVP), as the real‐world implementation and outcomes of laser‐based treatment have not been well studied.Patients and MethodsWe used administrative data from the province of Ontario, Canada, to identify all men aged >66 years who underwent their first electrosurgical‐TURP/PVP between 2003 and 2016. Our primary exposure was type of procedure (PVP or electrosurgical‐TURP). Our primary outcome was need for repeat surgical treatment. The primary analysis was an adjusted marginal Cox model approach, which accounted for clustering of patients within surgeons; adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) or odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) are reported.ResultsWe identified 52 748 men: 6838 (13%) underwent PVP, and 45 910 (87%) underwent electrosurgical‐TURP. The median age was similar, and PVP became more common with time. Compared to the PVP group, more patients in the electrosurgical‐TURP group had prior gross haematuria or urinary retention, and fewer had used anticoagulants, α‐blockers, or 5α‐reductase inhibitors. The need for repeat surgical treatment was significantly higher amongst men who had PVP (aHR 1.57, 95% CI 1.38–1.78; absolute risk difference +2.3%). PVP was also associated with a slightly higher risk of return to the emergency room within 30 days (aOR 1.11, 95% CI 1.01–1.22) and a significantly lower risk of blood transfusion (aOR 0.24, CI 0.16–0.37); the majority of PVP cases were done with a <24 h stay (73%) vs electrosurgical‐TURP (7%).ConclusionsWhile some of the expected benefits of PVP (such as reduced transfusion risk and shorter length of stay) were observed, the significantly higher rate of repeat surgical treatment compared to electrosurgical‐TURP may represent an important difference in implementation of this technology outside of clinical trials.
MicroRNA‐132‐3p inhibits tumor malignant progression by regulating lysosomal‐associated protein transmembrane 4 beta in breast cancer
Authors: Li Sha , Xu Jian‐Jun , Zhang Qing‐Yun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLysosomal‐associated protein transmembrane 4 beta (LAPTM4B), a proto‐oncogene, has been shown to be a positive modulator in cancer progression. However, the mechanism of LAPTM4B regulation is not fully elucidated. Aberrant microRNAs (miRNAs) can regulate gene expression by interfering with target transcripts and/or translation to exert tumor‐suppressive or oncogenic effects in breast cancer. In the present study, miR‐132‐3p, which was predicted by relevant software, was confirmed to directly bind to the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) of LAPTM4B and negatively regulate its expression in luciferase reporter and western blot assays. Subsequently, we validated that miR‐132‐3p was downregulated in breast cancer tissues. Receiver‐operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that miR‐132‐3p had accurate diagnostic value, and a Kaplan‐Meier and Cox regression model showed that miR‐132‐3p was a potential prognostic marker for recurrence, showing low levels in breast cancer patients. In addition, we showed that miR‐132‐3p was inversely correlated with LAPTM4B expression in the above samples. Functionally, miR‐132‐3p suppressed the migration and invasion of breast carcinoma cells through LAPTM4B by mediating epithelial‐mesenchymal transition signals, and partially reversed the carcinogenic effects of LAPTM4B by inhibiting the PI3K‐AKT‐mTOR signaling pathway. Taken together, these findings provide the first comprehensive analysis of miR‐132‐3p as a direct LAPTM4B‐targeted miRNA, and shed light on miR‐132‐3p/LAPTM4B as a significant functional axis involved in the oncogenesis and metastasis of breast cancer.
Impact on the hepatic flow velocity after pediatric combined liver‐kidney transplantation compared to isolated pediatric liver transplantation—A matched‐pair analysis
Authors: Hellenkemper Jessica V. , Grabhorn Enke , Brinkert Florian , Lenhartz Henning , Herrmann Jochen , Fischer Lutz , Helmke Knut , Herden Uta 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundCombined liver‐kidney transplantation (CLKT) in children is still a rarely performed procedure. Our aim was to analyze the effect of the simultaneous transplantation of the kidney in pediatric CLKT on the liver graft flow velocity, and vascular complications compared to singular liver transplantation (LTX) in children.MethodsAll pediatric CLKT performed at our institution from 1998 to 2016 were matched with singular LTX and retrospectively analyzed.ResultsOverall 30 CLKT were performed in 28 children (median age 8 years, range 1‐16) and matched with 30 children undergoing singular LTX (median age 7.9 years, range 1‐16). No significant differences were found concerning the systolic peak flow velocity of the hepatic artery (HA) or the resistance index (RI). Vascular complications of the hepatic vessels occurred in 16.7% (CLKT) and 6.7% (LTX). The 1‐/5‐ and 10‐year patient survival was 93.3%/93.3% and 93.3% (CLKT) and 100%/100% and 92.9% (LTX). 1‐/5‐and 10‐year liver graft survival was 76.7%/73.2% and 73.2% (CLKT) and 84.4%/75.9% and 69.6% (LTX).ConclusionThe simultaneous transplantation of the kidney in CLKT had no negative impact on hepatic flow velocity or vascular complications. Frequent Doppler ultrasound examinations, accurate volume management, and avoidance of abdominal pressure might be an explanation for the results and an excellent graft‐ and patient survival.