bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Translational Preclinical Pharmacologic Disease Models for Ophthalmic Drug Development
Authors: Shah Mihir , Cabrera-Ghayouri Sara , Christie Lori-Ann , Held Katherine S. , Viswanath Veena 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTPreclinical models of human diseases are critical to our understanding of disease etiology, pathology, and progression and enable the development of effective treatments. An ideal model of human disease should capture anatomical features and pathophysiological mechanisms, mimic the progression pattern, and should be amenable to evaluating translational endpoints and treatment approaches. Preclinical animal models have been developed for a variety of human ophthalmological diseases to mirror disease mechanisms, location of the affected region in the eye and severity. These models offer clues to aid in our fundamental understanding of disease pathogenesis and enable progression of new therapies to clinical development by providing an opportunity to gain proof of concept (POC). Here, we review preclinical animal models associated with development of new therapies for diseases of the ocular surface, glaucoma, presbyopia, and retinal diseases, including diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). We have focused on summarizing the models critical to new drug development and described the translational features of the models that contributed to our understanding of disease pathogenesis and establishment of preclinical POC.
Characterization of AlN Inclusion Particles Formed in Commercial Purity Aluminum
Authors: Wang Feng , Fan Zhongyun 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The detailed characterization of nitride inclusion particles formed in the commercial purity Al melt has been carried out using advanced analytical electron microscopy assisted with pressure melt filtration and focused ion beam sample preparation techniques. It is found that the nitride inclusion particles have short rod-like morphology with an average length of 375 nm and an average width of 104 nm. Moreover, these nitride particles are identified to be hexagonal wurtzite AlN particles with the most close-packed plane, {0001}, as the exposed broad plane. Based on the crystallographic information, the potency of AlN as nucleation substrate for α-Al grain has been theoretically estimated from the lattice matching point of view. It is revealed that the interatomic spacing misfit along the close-packed directions on the close-packed planes between AlN and Al is 6.66 pct, indicating relatively strong potency of AlN as nucleation substrate for α-Al. However, it is suggested that AlN particles would rarely be involved in the nucleation and initiation of α-Al grains when competing with other oxide and boride inclusion particles normally present in the Al melt because AlN particles have larger misfit with Al, comparable or even smaller size, and lower number density than oxides and borides.
The Polish adaptation and further validation of the Fear of Being Single Scale (FBSS)
Authors: Adamczyk Katarzyna , Trepanowski Radosław , Celejewska Agata , Kosińska Joanna , Mamot Anita , Palczewska Martyna , Rodziejczak Klaudia 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe article discusses the results of the validation and psychometric parameters of the Polish-language version of the Fear of Being Single Scale (FBSS), originally developed by Spielmann and colleagues (2013). The study participants included 175 Polish respondents aged 18 to 67 (M = 27.19, SD = 8.63). The findings confirmed the one-dimensional structure of the Polish FBSS, convergent, discriminant and concurrent validity, reliability of the Polish FBSS, and its high test–retest reliability over a lag of six months. The obtained results make it possible to assess the Polish FBSS as a reliable and valid measure of fear of being single in a Polish non-clinical sample of adults.
Metal–Oleate Complex-Derived Bimetallic Oxides Nanoparticles Encapsulated in 3D Graphene Networks as Anodes for Efficient Lithium Storage with Pseudocapacitance
Authors: Cao Yingying , Geng Kaiming , Geng Hongbo , Ang Huixiang , Pei Jie , Liu Yayuan , Cao Xueqin , Zheng Junwei , Gu Hongwei 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
In this manuscript, we have demonstrated the delicate design and synthesis of bimetallic oxides nanoparticles derived from metal–oleate complex embedded in 3D graphene networks (MnO/CoMn2O4 ⊂ GN), as an anode material for lithium ion batteries. The novel synthesis of the MnO/CoMn2O4 ⊂ GN consists of thermal decomposition of metal–oleate complex containing cobalt and manganese metals and oleate ligand, forming bimetallic oxides nanoparticles, followed by a self-assembly route with reduced graphene oxides. The MnO/CoMn2O4 ⊂ GN composite, with a unique architecture of bimetallic oxides nanoparticles encapsulated in 3D graphene networks, rationally integrates several benefits including shortening the diffusion path of Li+ ions, improving electrical conductivity and mitigating volume variation during cycling. Studies show that the electrochemical reaction processes of MnO/CoMn2O4 ⊂ GN electrodes are dominated by the pseudocapacitive behavior, leading to fast Li+ charge/discharge reactions. As a result, the MnO/CoMn2O4 ⊂ GN manifests high initial specific capacity, stable cycling performance, and excellent rate capability.
Comparison of Pittsburgh compound B and florbetapir in cross‐sectional and longitudinal studies
Authors: Su Yi , Flores Shaney , Wang Guoqiao , Hornbeck Russ C. , Speidel Benjamin , Joseph‐Mathurin Nelly , Vlassenko Andrei G. , Gordon Brian A. , Koeppe Robert A. , Klunk William E. , Jack Clifford R. , Farlow Martin R. , Salloway Stephen , Snider Barbara J. , Berman Sarah B. , Roberson Erik D. , Brosch Jared , Jimenez‐Velazques Ivonne , van Dyck Christopher H. , Galasko Douglas , Yuan Shauna H. , Jayadev Suman , Honig Lawrence S. , Gauthier Serge , Hsiung Ging‐Yuek R. , Masellis Mario , Brooks William S. , Fulham Michael , Clarnette Roger , Masters Colin L. , Wallon David , Hannequin Didier , Dubois Bruno , Pariente Jeremie , Sanchez‐Valle Raquel , Mummery Catherine , Ringman John M. , Bottlaender Michel , Klein Gregory , Milosavljevic‐Ristic Smiljana , McDade Eric , Xiong Chengjie , Morris John C. , Bateman Randall J. , Benzinger Tammie L.S. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionQuantitative in vivo measurement of brain amyloid burden is important for both research and clinical purposes. However, the existence of multiple imaging tracers presents challenges to the interpretation of such measurements. This study presents a direct comparison of Pittsburgh compound B–based and florbetapir‐based amyloid imaging in the same participants from two independent cohorts using a crossover design.MethodsPittsburgh compound B and florbetapir amyloid PET imaging data from three different cohorts were analyzed using previously established pipelines to obtain global amyloid burden measurements. These measurements were converted to the Centiloid scale to allow fair comparison between the two tracers. The mean and inter‐individual variability of the two tracers were compared using multivariate linear models both cross‐sectionally and longitudinally.ResultsGlobal amyloid burden measured using the two tracers were strongly correlated in both cohorts. However, higher variability was observed when florbetapir was used as the imaging tracer. The variability may be partially caused by white matter signal as partial volume correction reduces the variability and improves the correlations between the two tracers. Amyloid burden measured using both tracers was found to be in association with clinical and psychometric measurements. Longitudinal comparison of the two tracers was also performed in similar but separate cohorts whose baseline amyloid load was considered elevated (i.e., amyloid positive). No significant difference was detected in the average annualized rate of change measurements made with these two tracers.DiscussionAlthough the amyloid burden measurements were quite similar using these two tracers as expected, difference was observable even after conversion into the Centiloid scale. Further investigation is warranted to identify optimal strategies to harmonize amyloid imaging data acquired using different tracers.
Screening of Egyptian obese children and adolescents for insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in angiotensin-converting enzyme gene
Authors: El-Kabbany Zeinab A. , Hamza Rasha T. , Shinkar Dina M. , Kamal Tarek M. , Abdelmageed Reham I. , Said Mina S. , Abdel-Hamid Mennatullah I. 
Published: February 2019

Background: /aims:
The role of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism in the development of obesity and hypertension in children has not been widely studied. We aimed to screen Egyptian obese children and adolescents for insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in the ACE gene.

Methods
One hundred forty-two children and adolescents were included (70 with simple obesity and 72 controls). Blood pressure was measured, and anthropometric parameters were assessed in all included children and adolescents. Fasting lipid profile, fasting glucose, and insulin were measured. DNA extraction and ACE I/D polymorphism genotyping were also performed.

Results
Obese children had a higher frequency of DD genotype (30% in obese versus 11.1% in controls, P = .01) and D alleles (61.8% in obese versus 48.6% in controls, P = .01). Obese children with hypertension and prehypertension had higher frequency of DD genotype than II genotype and higher D alleles than I alleles. DD genotype and D allele were independently associated with hypertension (OR: 9.86 and 11.57, respectively, P < .001), while dyslipidemia and insulin resistance were not associated with the ACE I/D gene polymorphism.

Conclusion
DD genotype and D-allele of the ACE gene polymorphism were associated with obesity and with hypertension and pre-hypertension in Egyptian children.
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 increases radioresistance of lung cancer cells by enhancing the DNA damage response
Authors: Jiang Weiwei , Jin Guanghui , Cai Fangfang , Chen Xiao , Cao Nini , Zhang Xiangyu , Liu Jia , Chen Fei , Wang Feng , Dong Wei , Zhuang Hongqin , Hua Zi-Chun 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRadiotherapy is a frequent mode of cancer treatment, although the development of radioresistance limits its effectiveness. Extensive investigations indicate the diversity of the mechanisms underlying radioresistance. Here, we aimed to explore the effects of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) on lung cancer radioresistance and the associated mechanisms. Our data showed that ERK5 is activated during solid lung cancer development, and ectopic expression of ERK5 promoted cell proliferation and G2/M cell cycle transition. In addition, we found that ERK5 is a potential regulator of radiosensitivity in lung cancer cells. Mechanistic investigations revealed that ERK5 could trigger IR-induced activation of Chk1, which has been implicated in DNA repair and cell cycle arrest in response to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Subsequently, ERK5 knockdown or pharmacological inhibition selectively inhibited colony formation of lung cancer cells and enhanced IR-induced G2/M arrest and apoptosis. In vivo, ERK5 knockdown strongly radiosensitized A549 and LLC tumor xenografts to inhibition, with a higher apoptotic response and reduced tumor neovascularization. Taken together, our data indicate that ERK5 is a novel potential target for the treatment of lung cancer, and its expression might be used as a biomarker to predict radiosensitivity in NSCLC patients.
Blood pressure risk factors in early adolescents: results from a Ugandan birth cohort
Authors: Lule Swaib A. , Namara Benigna , Akurut Helen , Lubyayi Lawrence , Nampijja Margaret , Akello Florence , Tumusiime Josephine , Aujo Judith C. , Oduru Gloria , Mentzer Alexander J. , Smeeth Liam , Elliott Alison M. , Webb Emily L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe aimed to investigate life-course factors associated with blood pressure (BP) among Ugandan adolescents. Between 9th April 2003 and 24th November 2005, 2507 pregnant women from Entebbe municipality and Katabi sub-county were enrolled into a deworming trial. The resulting 2345 live-born offspring were followed to age 10 or 11 years, when between 20th May 2014 to 16th June 2016, BP was measured following standard protocols. Factors associated with BP were assessed using multivariable linear regression. BP was measured in 1119 adolescents with a median age of 10.2 years. Mean systolic BP and diastolic BP was 105.9 mmHg (standard deviation (SD) 8.2) and 65.2 mmHg (SD 7.3), respectively. Maternal gestational body mass index (BMI), higher maternal education status and family history of hypertension were positively associated with adolescent BP. Childhood (age ≤5 years) malaria was associated with lower adolescent systolic BP. Factors measured at time of BP measurement positively associated with systolic BP were age, BMI, waist circumference and Trichuris trichiura (whipworm) infection; higher vegetable consumption was associated with lower systolic BP. Results for diastolic BP were similar, except higher fruit, rather than higher vegetable consumption was associated with lower diastolic BP and there was no association with waist circumference or Trichuris trichiura infection. In summary, life-course exposures were associated with adolescent BP in this tropical birth cohort. Malaria early in life could impact later BP. Interventions initiated early in life targeting individuals with family history of hypertension, aiming to reduce adiposity (in pregnancy and adolescence) and promoting fruit and vegetable consumption might contribute to reducing the risk of high BP and subsequent cardiovascular diseases.
A tunable Josephson platform to explore many-body quantum optics in circuit-QED
Authors: Puertas Martínez Javier , Léger Sébastien , Gheeraert Nicolas , Dassonneville Rémy , Planat Luca , Foroughi Farshad , Krupko Yuriy , Buisson Olivier , Naud Cécile , Hasch-Guichard Wiebke , Florens Serge , Snyman Izak , Roch Nicolas 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe interaction between light and matter remains a central topic in modern physics despite decades of intensive research. Coupling an isolated emitter to a single mode of the electromagnetic field is now routinely achieved in the laboratory, and standard quantum optics provides a complete toolbox for describing such a setup. Current efforts aim to go further and explore the coherent dynamics of systems containing an emitter coupled to several electromagnetic degrees of freedom. Recently, ultrastrong coupling to a transmission line has been achieved where the emitter resonance broadens to a significant fraction of its frequency, and hybridizes with a continuum of electromagnetic (EM) modes. In this work we gain significantly improved control over this regime. We do so by combining the simplicity and robustness of a transmon qubit and a bespoke EM environment with a high density of discrete modes, hosted inside a superconducting metamaterial. This produces a unique device in which the hybridisation between the qubit and many modes (up to ten in the current device) of its environment can be monitored directly. Moreover the frequency and broadening of the qubit resonance can be tuned independently of each other in situ. We experimentally demonstrate that our device combines this tunability with ultrastrong coupling and a qubit nonlinearity comparable to the other relevant energy scales in the system. We also develop a quantitative theoretical description that does not contain any phenomenological parameters and that accurately takes into account vacuum fluctuations of our large scale quantum circuit in the regime of ultrastrong coupling and intermediate non-linearity. The demonstration of this new platform combined with a quantitative modelling brings closer the prospect of experimentally studying many-body effects in quantum optics. A limitation of the current device is the intermediate nonlinearity of the qubit. Pushing it further will induce fully developed many-body effects, such as a giant Lamb shift or nonclassical states of multimode optical fields. Observing such effects would establish interesting links between quantum optics and the physics of quantum impurities
Dynamic gravity compensation does not increase detection of myocardial ischemia in combined accelerometer and gyro sensor measurements
Authors: Krogh Magnus Reinsfelt , Halvorsen Per Steinar , Elle Ole Jakob , Bergsland Jacob , Remme Espen Wattenberg 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that miniaturised accelerometers can be used to monitor cardiac function and automatically detect ischemic events. However, accelerometers cannot differentiate between acceleration due to motion and acceleration due to gravity. Gravity filtering is essential for accurate integration of acceleration to yield velocity and displacement. Heart motion is cyclic and mean acceleration over time is zero. Thus, static gravity filtering is performed by subtracting mean acceleration. However, the heart rotates during the cycle, the gravity component is therefore not constant, resulting in overestimation of motion by static filtering. Accurate motion can be calculated using dynamic gravity filtering by a combined gyro and accelerometer. In an animal model, we investigated whether increased accuracy using dynamic filtering, compared to using static filtering, would enhance the ability to detect ischemia. Additionally, we investigated how well the gyro alone could detect ischemia based on the heart’s rotation. Dynamic filtering tended towards lower sensitivity and specificity, using receiver operating characteristics analysis, for ischemia-detection compared to static filtering (area under the curve (AUC): 0.83 vs 0.93, p = 0.125). The time-varying gravity component indirectly reflects the heart’s rotation. Hence, static filtering has the advantage of indirectly including rotation, which alone demonstrated excellent sensitivity to ischemia (AUC = 0.98).
Death of female flower microsporocytes progresses independently of meiosis-like process and can be accelerated by specific transcripts in Asparagus officinalis
Authors: Ide Mayui , Masuda Kiyoshi , Tsugama Daisuke , Fujino Kaien 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAsparagus officinalis (garden asparagus) is a dioecious perennial crop, and the dioecy (i.e., sex) of A. officinalis can affect its productivity. In A. officinalis, flower anthers in female plants fail to accumulate callose around microsporocytes, fail to complete meiosis, and degenerate due to cell death. Although 13 genes have been implicated in the anther development of male and female flowers, it is unclear how these genes regulate the cell death in female flower anthers. The aim of this study was to narrow down factors involved in this process. TUNEL staining and Feulgen staining of female flower microsporocytes suggest that female microsporocytes enter a previously undetected meiosis-like process, and that the cell death occurs independently of this meiosis-like process, excluding the possibility that the cell death is caused by the cessation of meiosis. RNA sequencing with individual floral organs (tepals, pistils and stamens) revealed that several genes possibly regulating the cell death, such as metacaspase genes and a Bax inhibitor-1 gene, are differentially regulated between female and male flower anthers, and that genes involved in callose accumulation are up-regulated only in male flower anthers. These genes are likely involved in regulating the cell death in female flower anthers in A. officinalis.
Quantum Fisher information of atomic system interacting with a single cavity mode in the presence of Kerr medium
Authors: Zidan N. , Abdel-Hameed H. F. , Metwally N. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe quantum Fisher information of an atomic system interacting with a single cavity mode in the presence of Kerr medium is discussed. It is shown that quantum Fisher information for an initial separable atomic system is larger than that depicted for the initial entangled atomic system. For initial vacuum state of the cavity mode, the quantum Fisher information with respect to the Kerr medium and the phase decoherence parameter is larger than that displayed for the detuning parameter. Both phase decoherence and Kerr medium have the same effect on the decay of quantum Fisher information, while they have an opposite effect on its maximum values.
WRINKLED1 transcription factor orchestrates the regulation of carbon partitioning for C18:1 (oleic acid) accumulation in Siberian apricot kernel
Authors: Deng Shuya , Mai Yiting , Shui Lanya , Niu Jun 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWRINKLED1 (WRI1), an APETALA2 (AP2)-type transcription factor, has been shown to be required for the regulation of carbon partitioning into fatty acid (FA) synthesis in plant seeds. To our knowledge, the regulatory network of WRI1 remains unknown inPrunus sibiricakernel (PSK), a novel woody biodiesel feedstock in China. In this study, based on the transcriptional data from developing oilseeds of multiple plant species, we identified 161WRI1-coexpressed genes using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). The major portion ofWRI1-coexpressed genes was characterized to be involved in carbon partitioning and FA biosynthesis. Additionally, we detected the temporal patterns for oil content and FA compositions in developing PSK from two different germplasms (AS-85 and AS-86). The major differences between the two germplasms are higher contents of oil and C18:1 in AS-85 than in AS-86 at a mature stage. Thus, AS-85 and AS-86 are desirable materials to explore the molecular and metabolic mechanisms of oil accumulation in Siberian apricot. Expression analysis in developing PSK of AS-85 and AS-86 indicated that the expression level ofP.sibirica WRI1(PsWRI1) was closely correlated to accumulative rate of oil. Also, the comparison of expression profiles in developing PSK of AS-85 and AS-86 displayed that thepPK,E1-α,E2,TAL,BC,MCMT,BS,SADandFAD2have a high correlation withPsWRI1. Transient expression showed that ProSAD- and ProBS-driving GUS expression showed no substantial difference between AS-85 and AS-86, while the expression level of ProPEPCK-AS-85 driving GUS was significantly higher than that of ProPEPCK-AS-86 driving GUS. Additionally, transient co-transformation withPsWRI1revealed that ProSAD, ProPEPCKand ProBSactivity could be specifically up-regulated by PsWRI1. This regulatory mechanism of PsWRI1 may create a steep concentration difference, thereby facilitating carbon flux into C18:1 accumulation in developing PSK. Overall, all our findings imply a versatile mechanism of WRI1 to optimize carbon allocation for oil accumulation, which can provide reference for researching the woody biodiesel plants.
Differential effects of coral-giant clam assemblages on biofouling formation
Authors: Guibert Isis , Bonnard Isabelle , Pochon Xavier , Zubia Mayalen , Sidobre Christine , Lecellier Gaël , Berteaux-Lecellier Véronique 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTo prevent the settlement and/or the growth of fouling organisms (i.e. bacteria, fungi or microalgae), benthic sessile species have developed various defense mechanisms among which the production of chemical molecules. While studies have mostly focused on the release of chemical compounds by single species, there exist limited data on multi-species assemblages. We used an integrative approach to explore the potential interactive effects of distinct assemblages of two corals species and one giant clam species on biofouling appearance and composition. Remarkably, we found distinct biofouling communities suggesting the importance of benthic sessile assemblages in biofouling control. Moreover, the assemblage of 3 species led to an inhibition of biofouling, likely through a complex of secondary metabolites. Our results highlight that through their different effect on their near environment, species assemblages might be of upmost importance for their survival and therefore, should now be taken into account for sustainable management of coral reefs.