bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impaired cocaine‐induced behavioral plasticity in the male offspring of cocaine‐experienced sires
Authors: Wimmer Mathieu E. , Vassoler Fair M. , White Samantha L. , Schmidt Heath D. , Sidoli Simone , Han Yumiao , Garcia Benjamin A. , Pierce R. Christopher 
Published: December 2018

AbstractOur previous work indicated that male, but not female, offspring of cocaine‐experienced sires display blunted cocaine self‐administration. We extended this line of investigation to examine behavioral sensitization, a commonly used model of cocaine‐induced behavioral and neuronal plasticity. Results indicated that male, but not female, offspring of cocaine‐taking sires showed deficits in the ability of repeated systemic cocaine injections to induce augmented locomotor activity. The reduced cocaine sensitization phenotype in male progeny was associated with changes in histone post‐translational modifications, epigenetic processes that regulate gene expression by controlling the accessibility of genes to transcriptional machinery, in the nucleus accumbens of first‐generation male progeny. Thus, five histone post‐translational modifications were significantly altered in the male progeny of cocaine‐exposed sires. In contrast, self‐administration of nicotine was unaltered in male and female offspring suggesting that the intergenerational effects of paternal cocaine taking may be drug‐specific. Interestingly, the reduced sensitivity to cocaine previously observed in the male offspring of cocaine‐taking sires dissipated in the grand‐offspring. Both male and female grand‐progeny of cocaine‐exposed sires showed unaltered cocaine‐induced behavioral sensitization and cocaine self‐administration. Taken together, these findings indicate that paternal cocaine taking produces changes in multiple cocaine addiction‐related behaviors in male progeny, which do not persist beyond the first generation of offspring. Moreover, the altered sensitivity to cocaine in first‐generation male progeny of cocaine‐sired male offspring was associated with epigenetic modifications in the nucleus accumbens, a nucleus that plays a critical role in cocaine‐associated behavioral plasticity.
Donepezil for gait and falls in mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Montero‐Odasso M. , Speechley M. , Chertkow H. , Sarquis‐Adamson Y. , Wells J. , Borrie M. , Vanderhaeghe L. , Zou G. Y. , Fraser S. , Bherer L. , Muir‐Hunter S. W. 
Published: December 2018

Background and purposeCognitive enhancers are commonly prescribed to people with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias to improve cognition and function. However, their effectiveness for individuals in the pre‐stages of dementia, particularly in functional motor outcomes, remains unknown. We aimed to determine the efficacy of donepezil, a cognitive enhancer that improves cholinergic neurotransmission, on gait performance in mild cognitive impairment (MCI).MethodsThis was a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial including 60 older adults with MCI, randomized to receive donepezil (10 mg/daily, maximal dose) or placebo. Primary outcome was gait speed (cm/s) under single and three dual‐task conditions (counting backwards by 1 or 7 and naming animals) measured using an electronic walkway. Dual‐task gait cost (DTC), a valid measure of motor–cognitive interaction, was calculated as the percentage change between single (S) and dual‐task (D) gait speeds: [(S − D)/S] × 100. Secondary outcomes included attention, executive function, balance and falls.ResultsAfter 6 months, the donepezil group experienced an improvement in dual‐task gait speed (range 4–11 cm/s), although this was not statistically significant. The donepezil group showed a significant reduction in DTC (improvement) by counting backwards by 1 and 7 compared with placebo (10.25% vs. 1.75%, P = 0.048; 21.38% vs. 14.64%, P = 0.037, intention‐to‐treat analysis). Per‐protocol analyses showed that all three DTCs improved in the donepezil group, along with a non‐significant reduction of rate of falls.ConclusionsDonepezil treatment improved dual‐task gait speed and DTC in elderly patients with MCI. Our results support the concept of reducing falls in MCI by targeting the motor–cognitive interface.
Chorioamnionitis exposure remodels the unique histone modification landscape of neonatal monocytes and alters the expression of immune pathway genes
Authors: Bermick Jennifer , Gallagher Katherine , denDekker Aaron , Kunkel Steve , Lukacs Nicholas , Schaller Matthew 
Published: December 2018

Chorioamnionitis is an intrauterine infection involving inflammation of the chorion, amnion, and placenta. It leads to a fetal systemic inflammatory response that can alter the transcription of neonatal immune genes. We have previously shown that neonatal monocytes gain the activating histone tail modification H3K4me3 at promoter sites of immunologically important genes as development progresses from preterm neonate to adult. In this study, we applied ChIP‐seq and RNA‐seq to evaluate the impact of chorioamnionitis on the neonatal monocyte H3K4me3 histone modification landscape over the course of fetal and neonatal immune system development. Chorioamnionitis exposure in neonatal monocytes resulted in a net increase in total monocyte H3K4me3, primarily in introns and intergenic regions. Immune gene expression was decreased in chorioamnionitis‐exposed monocytes, with the majority of enriched transcripts falling into pathways that are not linked to the immune system. Over half of all neonatal monocyte H3K4me3 peaks, independent of their location, were associated with active gene transcription. Overall, chorioamnionitis exposure resulted in the global remodeling of the neonatal monocyte H3K4me3 landscape and changes in the expression of known immune genes. These changes resulted in a less robust inflammatory response upon exposure to a secondary challenge, which may explain why chorioamnionitis‐exposed neonates have an increased risk of sepsis.DatabaseChIP‐seq data for U30/O30/Term: GEO GSE81957ChIP‐seq data for U30C/O30C/TermC: GEO GSE111873RNA‐seq data for U/L/CU/CL: GEO GSE111927
Silage additives to reduce protein degradation during ensiling and evaluation of in vitro ruminal nitrogen degradability
Authors: Herremans Sophie , Decruyenaere Virginie , Beckers Yves , Froidmont Eric 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDespite the high degradability of their proteins, grass and legume silages represent an important option to reach more sustainable livestock systems. To improve the nitrogen use efficiency of these crops, this study assessed the potential of several additives (chestnut tannins, oak tannins, zeolite, erythritol by‐product solution and wood molasses) to reduce proteolysis in the silo and in vitro nitrogen degradability. Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and red clover (Trifolium pratense) were ensiled in varying proportions in laboratory‐scale silos made of vacuum‐packed plastic bags. Dry‐matter content, chemical composition, pH, ammonia and volatile fatty acids content were analysed after 34 days of ensiling. Ruminal nitrogen degradability was assessed in vitro (Aufrère & Cartailler, ). We observed that the proportion of ammonia in silage was reduced by the addition of oak tannin (−12%) and zeolite (−16%). The addition of zeolite lowered in vitro organic matter digestibility. Rapidly degradable nitrogen (1‐hr degradability) was reduced in vitro by both tannins (−6.8% for chestnut and −6.6% for oak) and zeolite (−5.8%), but total degradable nitrogen (24‐hr degradability) was only reduced by oak (−6.5%) and chestnut tannins (−7.3%). It suggests that tannins protected proteins from plant and bacterial enzymes by forming a complex that better resists silage fermentations and in vitro protease action. The reduction effects on proteolysis in the silo and on in vitro ruminal nitrogen degradability are limited individually but could be cumulative. Erythritol by‐product solution and wood molasses had no effect on silo or in vitro proteolysis.
Mucin 5B, carbonic anhydrase 9 and claudin 18 are potential theranostic markers of gallbladder carcinoma
Authors: Espinoza Jaime A , Riquelme Ismael , Sagredo Eduardo A , Rosa Lorena , García Patricia , Bizama Carolina , Apud‐Bell María , Leal Pamela , Weber Helga , Benavente Felipe , Vargas Sergio , Romero Diego , Kalergis Alexis M , Roa Juan Carlos 
Published: December 2018

AimsGallbladder cancer (GBC) is an aggressive tumour that is usually diagnosed at advanced stages and is characterised by a poor prognosis. Using public data of normal human tissues, we found that mRNA and protein levels of mucin 5B (MUC5B) and carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) were highly increased in gallbladder tissues. In addition, previous evidence has shown that claudin 18 (CLDN18) protein expression is higher in GBC. The aim of this study was to perform an analysis of these cell surface proteins during the histological progression of GBC in order to identify their theranostic potential.Methods and resultsMUC5B expression, CA9 expression and CLDN18 expression were examined by immunohistochemistry in a series of 179 chronic cholecystitis (including 16 metaplastic tissues), 15 dysplasia and 217 GBC samples by the use of tissue microarray analysis. A composite staining score was calculated from staining intensity and percentage of positive cells. Immunohistochemical analysis showed high expression of MUC5B and CA9 among normal epithelium, metaplastic tissues, and dysplastic tissues. However, expression of both proteins was observed in roughly 50% of GBC samples. In contrast, CLDN18 was absent in normal epithelium, but its expression was higher in metaplastic cells. Among GBC cases, approximately half showed high CLDN18 expression. No associations were found between MUC5B, CA9 and CLDN18 expression and any clinicopathological features.ConclusionsCLDN18 is a new metaplasia marker in gallbladder tissues, and is conserved in approximately half of GBC cases. MUC5B and CA9 are highly conserved during GBC histological progression. The three markers are potential theranostic markers, in particular CA9 and CLDN18, for which there are already targeted therapies available.
Heparin is biocompatible and can induce differentiation of human dental pulp cells
Authors: Rodrigues E. M. , Cornélio A. L. G. , Godoi P. H. , da Costa P. I. , Rossa‐Junior C. , Faria G. , Guerreiro Tanomaru J. M. , Tanomaru‐Filho M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimTo investigate the biocompatibility, osteogenic bioactivity and mRNA expression of the osteo/odontogenic markers bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP‐2), osteocalcin (OC) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), induced by heparin in human dental pulp cells (hDPCs).MethodologyhDPCs were exposed to the heparin, and cell viability was assessed by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), and cell death was evaluated by flow cytometry. Osteogenic bioactivity was evaluated by the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, and the detection of calcium deposits by alizarin red staining (ARS). The gene expression of BMP‐2, OC and ALP was quantified with real‐time PCR. Statistical analysis was performed with ANOVA and Bonferroni or Tukey post‐test and t‐test (α = 0.05).ResultsHeparin had no cytotoxic effect and did not induce apoptosis. After 3 days, heparin had significantly higher ALP activity in comparison with the control (P < 0.05). Heparin had a significant (P < 0.05) stimulatory effect on the formation of mineralized nodules. BMP‐2 and OC mRNA expressions were significantly higher in cells exposed to heparin than control group after 1 day (P < 0.05).ConclusionsHeparin was biocompatible in hDPCs, induced osteogenic bioactivity and enhanced mRNA expression of osteo/odontogenic markers BMP‐2 and OC. These results suggest that heparin has potential to induce osteo/odontogenic cell differentiation of hDPCs.
Recovery of phytochemical compounds from natural and blanched green broccoli using non‐isothermal autohydrolysis
Authors: González‐Muñoz María Jesús , Conde Enma , Domínguez Herminia , Torres María Dolores 
Published: December 2018

SummaryThe temperature effect during autohydrolysis of natural and blanched broccoli was studied. For this purpose, the extraction yield, total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity and glucosinolates type and content of the autohydrolysis liquors have been determined. The development of alginate based hydrogels using the autohydrolysis liquid phase as solvent and the corresponding textural characterisation was also evaluated. In all cases, extraction yields rose with the autohydrolysis temperature up to 150 °C and then decreased. For liquors from natural samples, total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity increased with increasing operation temperature. The opposite trend was identified for blanched samples. Comparable values were obtained at 150 °C for liquors from natural samples and those blanched treated at 100 °C. Glucosinolates content decreased with increasing temperature. Glucoiberin, glucoraphanin, gluconapin, glucobrassicin and gluconasturniin were detected. Hydrogels with suitable textural properties were formulated with the extracted liquors at 100 and 150 °C, independently of the blanching treatment.
Chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and DiGeorge syndrome
Authors: Sullivan Kathleen E. 
Published: December 2018

SummaryChromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome is the most common microdeletion syndrome in humans. The effects are protean and highly variable, making a unified approach difficult. Nevertheless, commonalities have been identified and white papers with recommended evaluations and anticipatory guidance have been published. This review will cover the immune system in detail and discuss both the primary features and the secondary features related to thymic hypoplasia. A brief discussion of the other organ system involvement will be provided for context. The immune system, percolating throughout the body can impact the function of other organs through allergy or autoimmune disease affecting organs in deleterious manners. Our work has shown that the primary effect of thymic hypoplasia is to restrict T cell production. Subsequent homeostatic proliferation and perhaps other factors drive a Th2 polarization, most obvious in adulthood. This contributes to atopic risk in this population. Thymic hypoplasia also contributes to low regulatory T cells and this may be part of the overall increased risk of autoimmunity. Collectively, the effects are complex and often age‐dependent. Future goals of improving thymic function or augmenting thymic volume may offer a direct intervention to ameliorate infections, atopy, and autoimmunity.
Cognitive‐behavioural outreach for an adolescent experiencing social anxiety, panic and agoraphobia: A single‐case experimental design
Authors: Waldron Samuel M. , Maddern Lynn , Wynn Amber 
Published: December 2018

AbstractProblemPrevious research suggests that the adult‐focussed Clark and Wells (1995) model of social anxiety disorder (SAD) can be used to guide clinic‐based treatment for adolescents. This single‐case study (N = 1) investigated whether this model could also guide community‐based outreach work for a 16‐year‐old female who was unable to attend clinic‐based appointments due to social anxiety comorbid with panic and agoraphobia.MethodsAn experimental A‐B‐A design was used with three assessment–formulation sessions and 12 intervention sessions, focussing on exposure, cognitive restructuring, attention training, behavioural experiments and imagery rescripting. The Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS), the Session Rating Scale (SRS) and the Goal Based Outcome form were administered at regular intervals.Findings and ConclusionsSocial anxiety and panic scores reduced below the clinical threshold and the young person was able to leave home, travel independently (short‐term goal) and re‐engage with her social–family life (medium‐term goal). SRS scores suggest that the intervention was acceptable and the therapeutic alliance was maintained throughout. In summary, this case study suggests that the Clark and Wells (1995) model of SAD can be used to guide community‐based outreach work with adolescents unable to leave their home. Limitations and ideas for future research are discussed.
Organotypic slice culture based on in ovo electroporation for chicken embryonic central nervous system
Authors: Yang Ciqing , Li Xiaoying , Li Shuanqing , Chai Xuejun , Guan Lihong , Qiao Liang , Li Han , Lin Juntang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractOrganotypic slice culture is a living cell research technique which blends features of both in vivo and in vitro techniques. While organotypic brain slice culture techniques have been well established in rodents, there are few reports on the study of organotypic slice culture, especially of the central nervous system (CNS), in chicken embryos. We established a combined in ovo electroporation and organotypic slice culture method to study exogenous genes functions in the CNS during chicken embryo development. We performed in ovo electroporation in the spinal cord or optic tectum prior to slice culture. When embryonic development reached a specific stage, green fluorescent protein (GFP)‐positive embryos were selected and fluorescent expression sites were cut under stereo fluorescence microscopy. Selected tissues were embedded in 4% agar. Tissues were sectioned on a vibratory microtome and 300 μm thick sections were mounted on a membrane of millicell cell culture insert. The insert was placed in a 30‐mm culture dish and 1 ml of slice culture media was added. We show that during serum‐free medium culture, the slice loses its original structure and propensity to be strictly regulated, which are the characteristics of the CNS. However, after adding serum, the histological structure of cultured‐tissue slices was able to be well maintained and neuronal axons were significantly longer than that those of serum‐free medium cultured‐tissue slices. As the structure of a complete single neuron can be observed from a slice culture, this is a suitable way of studying single neuronal dynamics. As such, we present an effective method to study axon formation and migration of single neurons in vitro.
Expert consensus for respiratory physiotherapy management of mechanically ventilated adults with community‐acquired pneumonia: A Delphi study
Authors: van der Lee Lisa , Hill Anne‐Marie , Patman Shane 
Published: December 2018

AbstractRationale and aimsPatients with community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) are frequently admitted to an intensive care unit. Physiotherapy may be provided to optimize respiratory function; however, there is significant variability in clinical practice and limited research directing best practice for this cohort. This study aimed to determine expert consensus for best physiotherapy practice for invasively ventilated adults with CAP.MethodA modified Delphi technique involved an international expert panel completing three rounds of an online questionnaire. The initial 35‐statement questionnaire, based on a systematic literature review and survey of current clinical practice, covered physiotherapy assessment and treatment of intubated patients with CAP. Quantitative data using Likert scales determined level of agreement, with qualitative data collected through open‐ended responses. Consensus threshold was set a priori at 70%. Items not achieving consensus were modified and new items added based on themes from qualitative data. Quantitative data were analysed descriptively, with thematic analysis used on qualitative data.ResultsThe panel comprised 29 international clinical and academic experts in critical care physiotherapy. Response rate was more than 95% for each round. Outcome achieved was 38 consensus statements covering assessment and treatment, with 28 statements (74%) providing consensus on recommended clinical practice, two consensus disagreement statements (7%) for what practice is not recommended, and eight statements (21%) indicating which treatments may be beneficial.ConclusionExpert consensus regarding physiotherapy for intubated adults with CAP patients provides an evidence‐based approach to guide clinical practice. The consensus statements can also be used to guide research evaluating physiotherapy interventions for patients with CAP.
Nutritionally improved third generation snacks produced by supercritical CO2 extrusion I. Physical and sensory properties
Authors: Panak Balentić Jelena , Jozinović Antun , Ačkar Đurđica , Babić Jurislav , Miličević Borislav , Benšić Mirta , Jokić Stela , Šarić Antonija , Šubarić Drago 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis study was aimed at investigating the possible application of defatted hazelnut, camelina, pumpkin, and hemp cakes (by‐products of edible oil production) in the production of corn snack products, and to use supercritical CO2 as a blowing agent in indirectly expanded snack products. Cakes were added in 3, 6, and 9% proportions. Extrusion was performed in a laboratory single screw extruder and expanded by microwave. The obtained extrudates were evaluated for their physical and sensory properties. For comparison, directly expanded products without supercritical CO2, were produced with the same raw materials. The addition of the by‐product had a significant influence on the expansion ratio, bulk density, fracturability, and crispiness, and all four by‐products were successfully incorporated in the production of sensory acceptable, indirectly expanded snack products, produced by supercritical fluid extrusion. This type of products is interesting for consumers since it can be home‐made and produced without additives or any chemical substances.Practical applicationsBy‐products of oil production (defatted press cake from pumpkin seeds, hazelnuts, camelina seeds, and hemp seeds), known as high‐fiber and high‐protein ingredients, were added in the corn grits with the aim to increase nutritional value of the product and to reduce the waste of the food industry.For production of indirectly expanded corn snacks, supercritical CO2 is used as blowing agent, and pellets are expanded by microwave heating in few seconds. This is a good example of new products, which is interesting for consumers since it can be home‐made and it is without additives or any chemical substances.
Genome‐wide association study of callus induction variation to explore the callus formation mechanism of rice
Authors: Zhang Zhaoyang , Zhao Hu , Li Wei , Wu Jiemin , Zhou Zaihui , Zhou Fei , Chen Hao , Lin Yongjun 
Published: December 2018

AbstractRice (Oryza sativa) is one of the most widely cultivated food crops, worldwide. Tissue culture is extensively used in rice breeding and functional genome research. The ability to induce callus determines whether a particular rice variety can be subjected to tissue culture and Agrobacterium‐mediated transformation. Over the past two decades, many quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to callus induction traits have been identified; however, individual genes associated with rice callus induction have not been reported. In this study, we characterized three callus‐induction traits in a global collection of 510 rice accessions. A genome‐wide association study of the rice population in its entirety as well as subpopulations revealed 21 significant loci located in rice callus induction QTLs. We identified three candidate callus induction genes, namelyCRL1,OsBMM1, andOsSET1, which are orthologs ofArabidopsis LBD17/LBD29,BBM, andSWN,respectively, which are known to affect callus formation. Furthermore, we predicted that 14 candidate genes might be involved in rice callus induction and showed that RNA interference (RNAi)‐mediated disruption ofOsIAA10inhibited callus formation on tissue culture medium. Embryo growth in theOsIAA10RNAi line was not inhibited by synthetic auxin (2,4‐D) treatment, suggesting thatOsIAA10may perceive auxin and activate the expression of downstream genes, such asCRL1, to induce callus formation. The significant loci and candidate genes identified here may provide insight into the mechanism underlying callus formation in rice.