bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Borderline personality disorder is associated with an increased risk of sexually transmitted infections: A nationwide population-based cohort study in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Shih-Fen , Lin Cheng-Li , Wang Ling-Yi , Wang Jen-Hung , Hsu Chung-Y , Shen Yu-Chih 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundSeveral features of borderline personality disorder (BPD) are likely to be associated with sexual health problems, such as unstable attachment, unstable sexual identity and sexual impulsivity. Since the issue of sex is not openly discussed in Taiwanese society, sexual health needs, including screening and prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STI), are often neglected in this population.ObjectiveThe study aims to determine whether BPD is associated with an increased risk of subsequent STI in Taiwan.MethodsOverall 669 patients with BPD and 2676 controls matched by gender and age were enrolled between 2000 and 2012 and followed until the end of 2013 using Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database. During the follow-up period, participants who developed STI (human immunodeficiency virus, syphilis, genital warts, gonorrhoea, chlamydia and trichomoniasis) were identified. Cox regression analysis was used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) of the STI incidence rate between patients with BPD and unaffected controls.ResultsPatients with BPD were predisposed to developing STI (HR: 4.17, 95% CI 1.62 to 10.8) after adjusting for demographic data and psychiatric comorbidities. The stratification analysis revealed a similar risk trend with BPD and subsequent STI in each gender and age group and was significant in the subgroups of male (HR: 11.3, 95% CI 2.97 to 42.7) and those aged 18–34 years (HR: 4.85, 95% CI 1.71 to 13.7). Also, the comorbidity stratification analysis revealed that, when the effect of comorbidities was excluded, patients with pure BPD significantly exhibited the risk association for subsequent STI after adjusting for all variables (HR: 4.24, 95% CI 1.25 to 14.4).ConclusionGiven the greater potential of BPD to be associated with an increased risk of STI, there should be direct implications for the development of targeted prevention interventions in Taiwan’s mental health clinics.
Impact of mass drug administration of azithromycin for trachoma elimination on prevalence and azithromycin resistance of genitalMycoplasma genitaliuminfection
Authors: Harrison Mark Andrew , Harding-Esch Emma Michele , Marks Michael , Pond Marcus James , Butcher Robert , Solomon Anthony W , Zhou Liqing , Tan NgeeKeong , Nori Achyuta V , Kako Henry , Sokana Oliver , Mabey David C W , Sadiq Syed Tariq 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundMass drug administration (MDA) of 20 mg/kg (maximum 1 g in adults) azithromycin for ocularChlamydia trachomatis(CT) infection is a key component of the WHO trachoma elimination strategy. However, this dose may be suboptimal inMycoplasma genitaliuminfection and may encourage emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to azithromycin.ObjectivesTo determine the effect of MDA for trachoma elimination onM. genitaliumprevalence, strain type and azithromycin resistance.MethodsA secondary analysis of CT-negative vulvovaginal swabs from three outpatient antenatal clinics (Honiara, Solomon Islands) from patients recruited either pre-MDA, or 10 months post-MDA in two cross-sectional surveys was carried out. Swabs were tested forM. genitaliuminfection using Fast Track Diagnostics Urethritis Plus nucleic acid amplification assay.M. genitalium-positive samples were subsequently tested for azithromycin resistance by sequencing domain V of the 23S rRNA DNA region ofM. genitaliumand underwent phylogenetic analysis by dual locus sequence typing.ResultsM. genitaliumprevalence was 11.9% (28/236) in women pre-MDA and 10.9% (28/256) 10 months post-MDA (p=0.7467). Self-reported receipt of azithromycin as part of MDA was 49.2% in women recruited post-MDA and 17.9% (5/28) in those who testedM. genitaliumpositive. Of samples sequenced (21/28 pre-MDA, 22/28 post-MDA), all showed a macrolide susceptible genotype. Strain typing showed that sequence types diverged into two lineages, with a suggestion of strain replacement post-MDA.ConclusionA single round of azithromycin MDA in an island population with high baselineM. genitaliumprevalence did not appear to impact on either prevalence or azithromycin resistance, in contrast to reported decreased genital CT prevalence in the same population. This may be due to limitations such as sample size, including CT-negative samples only, and low MDA coverage. Further investigation of the impact of multiple rounds of MDA onM. genitaliumazithromycin AMR in antibiotic experienced and naïve populations is warranted.
Controlling Complexity of Cerebral Cortex Simulations—II: Streamlined Microcircuits
Authors: Hokkanen Henri , Andalibi Vafa , Vanni Simo 
Published: April 2019

Recently, Markram et al. (2015) presented a model of the rat somatosensory microcircuit (Markram model). Their model is high in anatomical and physiological detail, and its simulation requires supercomputers. The lack of neuroinformatics and computing power is an obstacle for using a similar approach to build models of other cortical areas or larger cortical systems. Simplified neuron models offer an attractive alternative to high-fidelity Hodgkin-Huxley-type neuron models, but their validity in modeling cortical circuits is unclear. We simplified the Markram model to a network of exponential integrate-and-fire (EIF) neurons that runs on a single CPU core in reasonable time. We analyzed the electrophysiology and the morphology of the Markram model neurons with eFel and NeuroM tools, provided by the Blue Brain Project. We then constructed neurons with few compartments and averaged parameters from the reference model. We used the CxSystem simulation framework to explore the role of short-term plasticity and GABA[Formula: see text] and NMDA synaptic conductances in replicating oscillatory phenomena in the Markram model. We show that having a slow inhibitory synaptic conductance (GABA[Formula: see text] allows replication of oscillatory behavior in the high-calcium state. Furthermore, we show that qualitatively similar dynamics are seen even with a reduced number of cell types (from 55 to 17 types). This reduction halved the computation time. Our results suggest that qualitative dynamics of cortical microcircuits can be studied using limited neuroinformatics and computing resources supporting parameter exploration and simulation of cortical systems. The simplification procedure can easily be adapted to studying other microcircuits for which sparse electrophysiological and morphological data are available.
Cyclic vomiting syndrome and benign paroxysmal torticollis are associated with a high risk of developing primary headache: A longitudinal study
Authors: Moavero Romina , Papetti Laura , Bernucci Maria Chiara , Cenci Caterina , Ferilli Michela Ada Noris , Sforza Giorgia , Vigevano Federico , Valeriani Massimiliano 
Published: April 2019

Background and aim Episodic syndromes that may be associated with migraine are a group of disorders affecting patients with migraine or with an increased risk of presenting it, and likely represent an early life expression of migraine. Cyclic vomiting syndrome and benign paroxysmal torticollis are well characterized and represent a frequent cause of request for specialist consultations. The aim of this study is to longitudinally assess the rate of headache in patients presenting with cyclic vomiting syndrome and benign paroxysmal torticollis during infancy, and to define the main clinical features of the disorder. Methods We administered a questionnaire to the parents of all our pediatric patients with previous diagnosis of cyclic vomiting syndrome and/or benign paroxysmal torticollis according to ICHD-3; questions were focused on the main clinical features of the disorder as well as the prognosis, with particular emphasis on the development of headache. Results For the final analysis we considered 82 patients with cyclic vomiting syndrome and 33 with benign paroxysmal torticollis. Seventy-nine percent of patients with cyclic vomiting syndrome presented with headache during the follow-up, with a mean age at onset of 6 years; 67% of patients with benign paroxysmal torticollis suffered from headache during the follow-up, with a mean age at onset of 5 years. Discussion Cyclic vomiting syndrome and benign paroxysmal torticollis are associated with a very high risk of developing headache, mostly migraine, later in life. In both groups of patients, the vast majority presented with different episodic syndromes that may be associated with migraine at different ages, thus suggesting an age-dependent evolution of migraine-like symptoms before the onset of clear migrainous headache.
Association of DRD2, 5-HTTLPR, and 5-HTTVNTR Gene Polymorphisms With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Tibetan Adolescents: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Xiao Yingqi , Liu Donglin , Liu Kun , Wu Chenxi , Zhang Huaguo , Niu Ying , Jiang Xiaolian 
Published: April 2019

Background: Earthquake exposure is a source of stress, yet only a minority of survivors experience clinically meaningful disturbance in psychological function. Genetic epidemiological research has found that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms are associated with genetic factors. Further research to reveal which genetic loci relate to the development of PTSD is warranted. Method: We investigated the relationships between PTSD and the dopamine D2 receptor ( DRD2) gene Taq I polymorphism and the serotonin transporter gene ( SCL6A4) polymorphisms 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter gene-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) and 5-HTTVNTR in 565 adolescent earthquake survivors. PTSD-positive adolescents were identified using the PTSD Checklist–Civilian Version and the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4. Genotypes were analyzed using the polymerase chain reaction—restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. The Pearson χ2 test was used to investigate the differences in genotype and allele frequencies between case and control groups. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify possible influencing factors for PTSD. Results: The DRD2 Taq I and 5-HTTVNTR polymorphisms had statistically significant effects on PTSD, while 5-HTTLPR did not. Specifically, the DRD2 Taq I A1 allele was highly positively correlated with PTSD, whereas the 10 allele of 5-HTTVNTR was negatively correlated. Conclusions: These data suggest that the DRD2 Taq I and 5-HTTVNTR genotypes moderate sensitivity to stress and the expression of emotional disturbance involving PTSD symptoms. These findings have important implications for PTSD etiology as well as for both primary prevention and treatment strategies.
Variations in Genes Related to Sleep Patterns in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Johansson Ann E. E. , Dorman Janice S. , Chasens Eileen R. , Feeley Christine A. , Devlin Bernie 
Published: April 2019

Background: Sleep disturbance is a frequent comorbidity in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), affecting an estimated 40–80% of cases. Previous reports have shown relationships between several circadian rhythm–related genes and sleep problems in ASD. The purpose of the present study was to relate variation in and around melatonin synthesis and suprachiasmatic nucleus genes to sleep problems in a large sample of children with ASD. Method: This secondary analysis used existing genotypic and phenotypic data for 2,065 children, aged 4–18 years, from the Simons Simplex Collection (SSC). Sleep problems were measured with the SSC Sleep Interview. Expression quantitative trait loci and single nucleotide polymorphisms in 25 circadian genes were chosen primarily for their impact on expression levels of target genes in the brain. Associations between variants and composite sleep problems, nighttime problems, daytime problems, and sleep duration problems were calculated using logistic regression analysis. Age, sex, nonverbal IQ, ASD severity, gastrointestinal distress, seizures, and ancestry were included as covariates. Transmission disequilibrium tests were performed to test for overtransmission of alleles in the same variants. Results: No significant associations or transmission disequilibrium were found between gene variants and sleep problems in this sample of children with ASD. Conclusion: Variation in expression of investigated genes in the melatonin synthesis and suprachiasmatic nucleus pathways did not have notable impacts on sleep problems in this large sample of children with ASD. Future research could explore translational and posttranslational effects of these genes or the effects of genes in other sleep-homeostasis pathways on sleep patterns.
Intracranial arterial wall imaging: Techniques, clinical applicability, and future perspectives
Authors: Arenillas Juan F , Dieleman Nikki , Bos Daniel 
Published: April 2019

Purpose To review the current state of the art and future development of intracranial vessel wall imaging. Methods Recent literature review and expert opinion about intracranial arterial wall imaging. Results Intracranial large artery diseases represent an important cause of stroke and vascular cognitive impairment worldwide. Our traditional understanding of intracranial large artery diseases is based on the observation of luminal narrowing or occlusion with angiographic or ultrasound techniques. Recently, novel imaging techniques have made the intracranial artery wall accessible for noninvasive visualization. The main advantage of vessel-wall imaging as compared to conventional imaging techniques for visualization of intracranial arteries is the ability to detect vessel wall changes even before they get to cause any significant luminal stenosis. This diagnostic capacity is provoking a revolutionary change in the way we see the intracranial circulation. In this article, we will review the current state of magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography-based intracranial arterial wall imaging, focusing on technical considerations and their clinical applicability. Moreover, we will provide the readers with our vision on the future development of vessel-wall imaging techniques. Conclusion Intracranial arterial wall imaging methods are gaining increasing potential to impact the diagnosis and treatment of patients with cerebrovascular diseases.
Cell phone use predicts being an “active couch potato”: results from a cross-sectional survey of sufficiently active college students
Authors: Lepp Andrew , Barkley Jacob E. 
Published: April 2019

Objective “Active couch potato” describes an individual who is sufficiently physically active yet highly sedentary. Cell phones promote activities understood as sedentary behaviors (e.g. watching videos). Research demonstrates that cell phone use is positively associated with sedentary behavior. Although sedentary behavior typically displaces physical activity, no relationship between cell phone use and physical activity has been found. Thus, it is possible that some sufficiently active individuals are also high-frequency cell phone users and therefore highly sedentary. In other words, cell phone use may predict being an “active couch potato” among active people. Testing this hypothesis was the purpose of this study. “Active couch potatoes” are of concern as the negative effects of excessive sedentary behavior are independent of the benefits of physical activity. Methods College students (228) completed validated surveys assessing physical activity, sedentary behavior, and cell phone use. Using a previously validated method, participants were rated as sufficiently active or not based upon their physical activity survey score. Participants who were not sufficiently active were excluded from further analysis resulting in a final sample of 171. These sufficiently active individuals were categorized as “active couch potatoes” if they were also highly sedentary (i.e. sitting for eight or more hours/day). Logistic regression determined if cell phone use predicted being categorized as an “active couch potato.” Results Cell phone use was a significant, positive predictor of being an “active couch potato.” With each additional hour of daily cell phone use, the odds of becoming an “active couch potato” increased by 11.4% (Wald = 5.934, P = 0.015, Exp(B) = 1.114). On average, active couch potatoes used their cell phone 1.7 hours more each day than their sufficiently active but not overly sedentary peers. Conclusion Increased cell phone use was a significant predictor of being an “active couch potato.” Explanations and implications are discussed.
Normal Saline and Dextrose 5% in Water Do Not Support Bacterial Growth 24 Hours After Being Spiked in the Perioperative Environment
Authors: Baronos Stamatis , Yarmush Joel M. , Stedman Jennifer L. , Kamath Sangeetha , Xavier Camilla , Ahmed Khaja 
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND:
The Joint Commission requirement is that the US Pharmacopeia Chapter <797> is followed, which recommends that administration of compounded sterile preparations should begin no later than 1 hour after their preparation. We hypothesized that simply spiking the IV fluid in a nonsterile environment does not pose an increased risk of infection to the patient.

METHODS:
Two 1000-mL bags of IV fluid (normal saline and dextrose 5% in water) were spiked and hung in 5 busy perioperative locations, once a week for a 13-week period. A 10-mL sample was drawn from each bag of IV fluid at time zero and 24 hours resulting in 260 samples in total. All samples were inoculated in 2 separate growth media (sheep’s blood agar and thioglycollate broth). The primary outcome was growth versus no growth in any of the specimens. If any growth was noted, the sample was marked as positive and further testing to identify the organism was undertaken.

RESULTS:
A total of 257 samples (normal saline = 127, dextrose 5% in water = 129) were collected over a period of 13 weeks, yielding 514 specimens. Three samples were excluded from the study secondary to the IV bags being discarded accidentally. No growth was identified in any of the specimens. The 97.5% CIs were as follows: normal saline = 127 (0–0.034) and dextrose 5% in water = 129 (0–0.033), correcting for multiple tests.

CONCLUSIONS:
No bacterial growth was noted in any of the 257 samples collected. Normal saline and dextrose 5% in water do not support bacterial growth 24 hours after their preparation using standard sterile techniques in the perioperative space.
Chemical Hip Denervation for Inoperable Hip Fracture
Authors: Kwun-Tung Ng Tony , Chan Wing-Sang , Peng Philip W. H. , Sham Penelope , Sasaki Sumire , Tsui Hon-For 
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND:
Hip fracture is a challenging geriatric problem for the health care professionals, especially in patients with multiple comorbidities. In patients with inoperable hip fracture secondary to severe comorbid conditions, the pain can lead to significant challenges in nursing care. With the current understanding of the innervation of hip joint, we are now able to perform selective chemical denervation of the articular branches of femoral and obturator nerves to manage the pain associated with inoperable hip fracture.

METHODS:
In this retrospective case series, we analyzed 20 consecutive patients with inoperable hip fracture who received chemical denervation and examined the effect of the denervation on pain and functional outcomes, including the maximally tolerable hip flexion and the ability to sit during their hospital stay. We also assessed the likelihood of being ambulatory as a long-term outcome.

RESULTS:
The movement-related pain was significantly reduced at 10 minutes postprocedure, on postintervention days 1 and 5 (P values of <.001), and the degree of maximally tolerable hip flexion was doubled at the same time points (P values of <.001, .003, and .002, respectively). Fifty percent of the patients managed to sit within the first 5 days after procedure, and 3 of them managed to walk with aid 4 months after hip denervation. No procedural adverse event was noted.

CONCLUSIONS:
We concluded that this chemical hip denervation could be a safe and effective measure to handle the pain-related and rehabilitation-related challenges as a result of inoperable hip fracture.
Smartphone Addiction, Fear of Missing Out, and Perceived Competence as Predictors of Social Media Addiction of Adolescents
Authors: Tunc-Aksan Aygul , Akbay Sinem Evin 
Published: April 2019

<p style="text-align:justify">In this study it is aimed to analyze the smartphone addiction, fear of missing out (FoMO), and perceived social and academic competence that predict social media addiction on high school students. Study group consists of 296 (136 females and 160 males) high school students studying in Anatolian High Schools and Vocational High School in Mersin during the 2017-2018 academic year. Simple random sampling was used. In the study, descriptive survey method was used. As data collection tools, Personal Information Form, Social Media Addiction Scale, Smartphone Addiction Scale, Fear of Missing Out Scale (FoMO), Perceived Competence Scale developed by Ozer et al. were used. In analyses of data, regression was used. According to stepwise regression analysis, smartphone addiction (β = .34), fear of missing out (β = .26) and perceived academic competence (β = -.12) predict social media addiction level on high school students. As the result of the study, smartphone addiction, fear of missing out, and perceived academic competence predict social media addiction on high school students. When the smartphone addiction level and fear of missing out decrease, and also perceived academic competence improve, students’ smartphone addiction levels reduce.</p>
ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ В ПОНЯТИЙНОМ АППАРАТЕ ГРАЖДАНСКОГО И АРБИТРАЖНОГО ПРОЦЕССУАЛЬНОГО ПРАВА ТЕРМИНОВ ИНОСТРАННОГО ПРОИСХОЖДЕНИЯ
Authors: Rekhtina Irina , Bolovnev Mikhail 
Published: April 2019

Предлагаемая статья посвящена анализу терминов иностранного происхождения, которые активно используются в юридической сфере, в большей степени в понятийном аппарате гражданского и арбитражного процессов, как в научном обороте и доктрине, путем включения в статьи, монографии, научно-практические издания, так и в официальной судебной практике при фиксации в различного рода судебных актах: определениях, решениях, постановлениях, судебных приказах. Авторы излагают общие подходы и положения относительно правил и требований юридической техники, при этом уделяют особое внимание юридической терминологии, ее понятию, значению, условиям использования и видам юридических терминов. В статье описываются два способа образования данных терминов в русском юридическом языке, указываются их подвиды, приводятся примеры заимствованных иностранных терминов и категорий. В завершении статьи авторы обозначают как положительные, так и отрицательные моменты при заимствовании и рецепции правовых терминов иностранного происхождения.