bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Failure Analysis of a Set of 1CrMoV Studs From a Steam Turbine and Techniques for Its Assessment
Authors: Hickey J.J. , Bulloch J.H. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The results of a failure analysis of a series of Cr-Mo-V steel turbine studs which had experienced a service lifetime of some 50,000 h are described. It was observed that certain studs suffered complete fracture while others showed significant defects located at the first stress bearing thread. Crack extension was the result of marked creep embrittlement and reverse temper embrittlement (RTE). Selected approaches were examined to assess the effects of RTE on the material toughness of selected studs. It was observed that Auger electron microscopy results which indicated the extent of grain boundary phosphorus segregation exhibited a good relationship with ambient temperature Charpy data. The electrochemical polarization kinetic reactivation, EPR, approach, however, proved disappointing in that the overlapping scatter in the minimum current density, Ir, for an embrittled and a non-embrittled material was such that no clear decision of the toughness properties was possible by this approach. The initial results obtained from small punch testing showed good agreement with other reported data and could be related to the FATT. Indeed, this small punch test, combined with a miniature sample sampling method, represents an attractive approach to the toughness assessment of critical power plant components.
Fracture of a Core Component in a Nuclear Reactor
Authors: Rodgers D.K. , Coleman C.E. , Hosbons R.R. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This paper describes the analysis of the failure of a Zr-2.5Nb pressure tube in a CANDU reactor. The failure sequence was established as: (1) the existence of an undetected manufacturing flaw in the form of a lamination, (2) in-service development of the flaw by oxidation of the lamination, (3) delayed hydride cracking, which extended the flaw through the wall of the tube, resulting in leakage, and (4) rupture of the tube by cold pressurization while the reactor was shut down. The comprehensive failure analysis led to a remedial action plan that permitted the reactor to be returned to full-power operation and ensured a low probability of a similar occurrence for all CANDU reactors.
Failure of a Stainless Steel Power Boiler Steam Desuperheater
Authors: Chakrapani D. G. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
A desuperheater diffuser nozzle in the steam supply line failed within nine months of service in an 8.25 MN/sq m (1200 psig) steam line. The nozzle was an austenitic stainless steel casting in conformance to material. The nozzle had numerous cracks on the inside and outside surfaces, and the cracks had penetrated through the wall thickness in several areas. The fracture surfaces had distinct beach markings delineating the crack front, representative of crack propagation stages. The cracks were transgranular and, unlike classical corrosion-fatigue cracks, exhibited branching, characteristic of chloride-induced SCC in austenitic stainless steels. The failure resulted from chloride-induced SCC, possibly assisted by cyclic stress. The recommendation for alternate material for the desuperheater nozzle included nickel base alloys per ASTM B 564, Grades 600 or 800 titanium alloy per ASTM B 367, Grades C3/C4, or ferritic stainless steel alloy per ASTM 182, Grade FXM27.
Cause and Prevention of Fatigue Failures in Boiler Tubing
Authors: Meiley Stephen L. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This paper reviews several fatigue failures from the waterwall, superheater, and economizer portions of the boiler, their causes and how they were mitigated and monitored. Some cases required simple field modifications by cutting or welding, repair of existing controls, and/or changes in maintenance. Nondestructive inspections by visual, magnetic particle, ultrasonic, and radiographic methods for detecting and monitoring damage are discussed. These failures are presented to provide hindsight that will help others in increasing the success rate for anticipating and analyzing the remaining life of other units.
Investigation of Fatigue-Induced Socket-Welded Joint Failures for Small-Bore Piping Used in Power Plants
Authors: Hopkins Daniel N. , Benac Daniel J. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Nuclear power plants typically experience two or three high-cycle fatigue failures of stainless steel socket-welded connections in small bore piping during each plant-year of operation. This paper discusses fatigue-induced failure in socket-welded joints and the strategy Texas Utilities Electric Company (TU Electric) has implemented in response to these failures. High-cycle fatigue is invisible to proven commercial nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods during crack initiation and the initial phases of crack growth. Under a constant applied stress, cracks grow at accelerating rates, which means cracks extend from a detectable size to a through-wall crack in a relatively short time. When fatigue cracks grow large enough to be visible to NDE, it is likely that the component is near the end of its useful life. TU Electric has determined that an inspection program designed to detect a crack prior to the component leaking would involve frequent inspections at a given location and that the cost of the inspection program would far exceed the benefits of avoiding a leak. Instead, TU Electric locates these cracks by visually monitoring for leaks. Field experience with fatigue-induced cracks in socket-welded joints has confirmed that visual monitoring does detect cracks in a timely manner, that these cracks do not result in catastrophic failures, and that the plant can be safely shut down in spite of a leaking socket-welded joint in a small bore pipe. Historical data from TU Electric and Southwest Research Institute are presented regarding the frequency of failures, failure locations, and the potential causes. The topics addressed include 1) metallurgical and fractographic features of fatigue cracks at the weld toe and weld root; 2) factors that are associated with fatigue, such as mechanical vibration, internal pulsation, joint design, and welding workmanship; and 3) implications of a leaking crack on plant safety. TU Electric has implemented the use of modified welding techniques for the fabrication of socket-welded joints that are expected to improve their ability to tolerate fatigue.
Failure of a Coal-Pulverizer Shafts from a Generation Station
Authors: Chan P.C. , Thornley J.C. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Two vertical coal-pulverizer shafts at a coal-fired generation station failed after four to five years in service. One shaft was completely broken, and the other was unbroken but cracked at both ends. shaft material was AISI type 4340 Ni-Cr- Mo alloy steel, with a uniform hardness of approximately HRC 27. Metallographic examination of transverse sections through the surface-damaged areas adjacent to the cracks also showed additional small cracks growing at an angle of approximately 60 deg to the surface. The crack propagation mode appeared to be wholly transgranular. SEM examination revealed finely spaced striations on the crack surfaces, supporting a diagnosis of fatigue cracking. Crack initiation in the pulverizer shafts started as a result of fretting fatigue. Greater attention to lubrication was suggested, combined with asking the manufacturer to consider nitriding the splined shaft. It was suggested that the surfaces be securely clamped together and that an in-service maintenance program be initiated to ensure that the tightness of the clamping bolts was verified regularly.
Reactor Cooling Water Expansion Joint Bellows: The Role of the Seam Weld in Fatigue Crack Development
Authors: West S. L. , Nelson D. Z. , Louthan M. R. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The secondary cooling water system pressure boundary of Savannah River Site reactors includes expansion joints utilizing a thin-wall bellows. While successfully used for over thirty years, an occasional replacement has been required because of the development of small, circumferential fatigue cracks in a bellows convolute. One such crack was recently shown to have initiated from a weld heat-affected zone liquation microcrack. The crack, initially open to the outer surface of the rolled and seam welded cylindrical bellows section, was closed when cold forming of the convolutes placed the outer surface in residual compression. However, the bellows was placed in tension when installed, and the tensile stresses reopened the microcrack. This five to eight grain diameter microcrack was extended by ductile fatigue processes. Initial extension was by relatively rapid propagation through the large-grained weld metal, followed by slower extension through the fine-grained base metal. A significant through-wall crack was not developed until the crack extended into the base metal on both sides of the weld. Leakage of cooling water was subsequently detected and the bellows removed and a replacement installed.
The Corrosion of Aluminum-Clad Nuclear Fuel in Wet Basin Storage
Authors: Howell J.P. , Nelson D.Z. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Large quantities of aluminum-clad spent nuclear materials have been in interim storage in the fuel storage basins at The Savannah River Site while awaiting processing since 1989. This extended storage as a result of a moratorium on processing resulted in corrosion of the aluminum clad. Examinations of this fuel and other data from a corrosion surveillance program in the water basins have provided basic insight into the corrosion process and have resulted in improvements in the storage facilities and basin operations. Since these improvements were implemented, there has been no new initiation of pitting observed since 1993. This paper describes the corrosion of spent fuel and the metallographic examination of Mark 31A target slugs removed from the K-basin storage pool after 5 years of storage. It discusses the SRS Corrosion Surveillance Program and the improvements made to the storage facilities which have mitigated new corrosion in the basins.
Inspection and Analysis of Aluminium Racks in Spent Fuel Storage Basins
Authors: Howell J.P. , Nelson D.Z. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Aluminum-clad spent nuclear fuel is stored in water filled basins at the Savannah River Site awaiting processing or other disposition. After more than 35 years of service underwater, the aluminum storage racks that position the fuel bundles in the basin were replaced. During the removal of the racks from the basin, a failure occurred in one of the racks and the Savannah River Technology Center was asked to investigate. This paper presents the results of the failure analysis and provides a discussion of the effects of corrosion on the structural integrity of the storage racks.
Damaged Copper Hot Water Pipe
Authors: Kauczor Egon 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In a copper hot water system, a bent pipe was soldered into a straight pipe with twice the diameter. The neighborhood of the soldered joint was covered with corrosion product predominantly blue-green in color, presumably carbonates. When these corrosion products were scratched off it was seen that the copper beneath this layer had not suffered noticeable attack. The object of the examination was the localized deep cavities located almost symmetrically to both sides of the inserted end of the narrower tube on the internal wall of the wider tube which had in one place been eaten right through. The symmetrical location on each side of the point of insertion of the narrower pipe and the localized sharp delineation of the attack indicated erosion due to the formation of turbulence. By avoiding sharp transitions and abrupt changes in cross section it is possible to design the pipe work so that localized turbulence is obviated. Degassing and cleansing of the water also would reduce the danger of erosion particularly in the case of softened water, which takes up oxygen and carbon dioxide very readily thus becoming particularly aggressive.
Working Roll with Shell-Shaped Fractures
Authors: Naumann Friedrich Karl , Spies Ferdinand 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
A working roll of 210 mm diam and 500 mm face length was examined because of shell-shaped fractures. The roll consisted of Fe-0.83C-1.6Cr steel. The chromium content was low for a roll of this diam. The crack origin was located about 10 mm under the roil face. Surface hardness (HV1) of 900 kp/sq mm was exceptionally high corresponding to the martensitic peripheral structure. An untempered piece with such a thick cross section and a hardened peripheral zone with such high hardness must have high residual stresses that culminate in the transition zone. Therefore it must be very sensitive against additional stresses, be these of a mechanical or thermal nature. This contributed to the fragmenting of the roll face.
Discoloration of Furnace Insulation
Authors: Suess S.J. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Several glass wool insulation sections from a heat-treat furnace showed visible, but only cosmetic discoloration. EDS showed the presence of silicon, aluminum, and oxygen in the nondiscolored region, and these elements are consistent with glass wool. Relatively high levels of chromium and nickel were detected in the discolored area, along with lower amounts of iron, manganese, sodium, calcium, cobalt, and sulfur, in addition to the surrounding glass wool elements. Results of this limited evaluation showed the discoloration was caused by the presence of elevated levels of chromium, nickel, and aluminum. The visual appearance, along with the EDS findings, suggested these elements were present in the form of oxides. These oxides were likely deposited from adjacent structural components of the furnace, which had oxidized during operation.
Novel radiographic parameters for the assessment of total body sagittal alignment in adult spinal deformity patients
Authors: Kim Yong-Chan , Cui Ji Hao , Kim Ki-Tack , Park Gyu-Taek , Lee Keun-Ho , Kim Sung-Min , Lenke Lawrence G. 
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVEIn this study, the authors’ goal was to develop and validate novel radiographic parameters that better describe total body sagittal alignment (TBSA).METHODSOne hundred sixty-six consecutive operative spinal deformity patients were evaluated using full-body stereoradiographic imaging. Seven TBSA parameters were measured and then correlated to 6 commonly used spinopelvic measurements. TBSA measures consisted of 4 distance measures relating the cranial center of mass (CCOM) to the sacrum, hips, knees, and ankles, and 3 angular measures relating the CCOM to the hips, knees, and ankles. Furthermore, each TBSA parameter was correlated to patient-reported outcome (PRO) scores using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and Scoliosis Research Society–22 (SRS-22) instruments. Thirty patients were randomly selected for inter- and intraobserver reliability testing of the TBSA parameters using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs).RESULTSAll TBSA radiographic parameters demonstrated strong linear correlation with the currently accepted primary measure of sagittal balance, the C7 sagittal vertical axis (r = 0.55–0.96, p < 0.001). Moreover, 5 of 7 TBSA measures correlated strongly with ODI and SRS-22 total scores (r = 0.42–0.51, p < 0.001). Inter- and intraobserver reliability for all TBSA measures was good to excellent (interrater ICC = 0.70–0.98, intrarater ICC = 0.77–1.0).CONCLUSIONSIn spine deformity patients, novel TBSA radiographic parameters correlated well with PROs and with currently utilized spinal sagittal measurements. Inter- and intrarater reliability was high for these novel parameters. This is the first study to propose a reliable method for measuring head-to-toe global spinal alignment.
TINDAK PIDANA PENYALAHGUNAAN NARKOTIKA OLEH MASYARAKAT KABUPATEN SINTANG PADA TAHUN 2016 DAN 2017
Authors: Hartini Agnesia , Sukma Rio 
Published: May 2019

Dilatarbelakangi oleh kekhawatiran dan keresahan dari masyarakat terhadap perkembangan tindak pidana penyalahgunaan narkotika yang semakin meningkat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tindak pidana penyalahgunaan narkotika di Kabupaten Sintang. Hasil penelitian pada tahun 2016-2017 sebanyak 53 kasus. Pada tahun 2016 terdapat 47 kasus terdiri atas 39 laki-laki dan 8 perempuan. Kemudian menurun pada tahun 2017 menjadi 30 kasus terdiri atas 25 laki-laki dan 5 perempuan. Adapun faktor penyebab penyalahgunaan narkotika oleh masyarakat di Kabupaten Sintang terdiri atas faktor internal yaitu kepribadian, rasa ingin tahu dan keinginan untuk mencoba dan faktor eksternal yaitu lingkungan keluarga, masyarakat, pergaulan dan ekonomi. Upaya yang dilakukan dengan melakukan penyuluhan, sosialisasi, pendekatan pada keluarga, dan penyebaran pengetahuan mengenai bahaya narkoba. Kendala yang dihadapi dalam menanggulangi penyalahgunaan narkotika yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat di Kabupaten Sintang yaitu keterbatasan dana, alat yang memadai untuk mendukung penyidik untuk mengungkap kasus narkoba, kurangnya sumber daya penyidik, sulitnya melakukan sosialisasi kepada masyarakat serta kesadaran pengguna itu sendiri. Kemudian kurang aktifnya masyarakat untuk melaporkan tindak penyalahgunaan narkotika di lingkungan sekitar dan keluarga yang terkesan menutupi. Kata kunci : Tindak Pidana, Penyalahgunaan Narkotika
NASIONALISME DALAM KEARIFAN LOKAL PADA PERKAWINAN ADAT SUKU DAYAK KEBAHAN DI DESA MAPAN JAYA
Authors: Mardawani Mardawani , Jaya Muisan 
Published: May 2019

Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang Nasionalisme dalam Kearifan Lokal pada Upacara Perkawinan Adat Suku Dayak Kebahan di Desa Mapan Jaya. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah ingin mengkaji lebih mendalam tentang nasionalisme yang terdapat pada upacara adat perekawinan suku Dayak Kebahan di Desa Mapan Jaya. Seharusnya rasa nasionalisme yang ada pada upacara dan adat istiadat di Indonesia tetap terpelihara sebagai upaya pelestarian budaya kearifan lokal yang ada. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini deskriptif kualitatif dan bentuk penelitian studi fenomenologis. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa: 1) terdapat nilai-nilai nasionalisme pada uapacara perkawinan adat suku Dayak Kebahan di Desa Mapan Jaya, 2) Di era modern saat ini upacara perkawinan adat Suku Dayak Kebahan di Desa Mapan Jaya masih dilaksanakan oleh sebagian masyarakat, terutama mereka yang mampu secara ekonomi, dan 3) Terdapat upaya yang dilakukan untuk melestarikan kearifan lokal perkawinan adat yaitu dengan mengajak seluruh masyarakat Desa Mapan Jaya untuk melaksanakan dan tidak meninggalkan perkawinan adat yang ada di Desa Mapan Jaya dan memberikan semacam kebijakan khusus bahwa bagi yang tidak mampu ada bagian dari adat yang tidak perlu dibayar. Kata Kunci: Nasionalisme, Kearifan Lokal, Perkawinan Adat.
PERANAN ANALISIS LAPORAN KEUANGAN DALAM MENGEVALUASI KINERJA KEUANGAN PERUSAHAAN PADA PT. BANK JABAR BANTEN Tahun 2007 – 2009
Authors: Anwar Yuli 
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine the financial performance of PT Bank Jabar Banten in 2007 - 2009 using a comparison and analysis of financial ratio analysis. The results obtained, the conditions seen from the company 's liquidity position : the current ratio in 2009 decreased because although the amount of current assets increased during the year, but the amount of current liabilities for the year also increased, indicating that the measurement is easy and fast to join the new amount of cash and other current assets by current liabilities. This means that when the securities are sold and accounts receivable payments can be received, then the bank can repay its short-term liabilities. Conditions views of the company 's solvency position, although there is a decrease and an increase in the solvency ratio, but the changes are not so significant or can be said to be relatively stable. This could indicate that the company 's financial performance is good enough to settle its debts - debts. Condition when viewed from the position of company activity , fixed asset turnover and working capital turnover continues to increase each year due to an increase in the side that tends to balance income and fixed assets. Keywords : financial performance, liquidity position, solvency, activity position.
Berbagai Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Perilaku Ibu Hamil Dalam Pemanfaatan Kartu Bpjs
Authors: Zakiah Rofiatun 
Published: May 2019

Salah satu upaya kesehatan yang dilakukan pemerintah dalam meningkatkan derajat kesehatan yang optimal adalah dengan diadakannya Program Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN). Badan hukum yang dibentuk untuk menyelenggarakan program JKN disebut Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui berbagai faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku ibu hamil dalam pemanfaatan kartu BPJS di Puskesmas Kecamatan Pasar Rebo tanggal 14 - 18 Desember 2015. Desain penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitik kuantitatif dengan metode cross sectional. Instrumen penelitian ini berupa kuesioner. Populasi dan sampel yang digunakan adalah seluruh ibu hamil yang berada di ruang KIA yang berjumlah 65 orang. Data diolah dengan uji chi square. Dari hasil bivariat didapatkan hasil uji statistik, pengetahuan didapatkan hasil (P -Value = 0,029, OR : 4,091), sikap (P -Value = 0,019, OR : 0,183), ketersediaan puskesmas terhadap BPJS (P - Value = 0,035, OR : 3,740), keterjangkauan puskesmas terhadap BPJS (P -Value = 0,020, OR : 4,278), dukungan suami (P -Value = 0,035, OR : 3,740), petugas kesehatan (P - Value = 0,040, OR : 3,964). Dari hasil penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa pengetahuan, sikap, ketersediaan, keterjangkauan, dukungan suami dan petugas kesehatan mempunyai hubungan yang signiikan terhadap perilaku ibu hamil dalam pemanfaatan kartu BPJS. Dan disarankan bagi petugas kesehatan di Puskesmas Kecamatan Pasar Rebo lebih meningkatkan informasi tentang BPJS untuk ibu hamil. Dan bagi ibu hamil karena kartu BPJS dapat mengurangi biaya ibu dalam kehamilan dan persalinan, maka pada ibu hamil disarankan untuk mendatarkan dirinya ke BPJS.
Kata Kunci: BPJS, Ibu hamil, Perilaku
Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Tingkat Kepuasan Pasien di Instalasi Radiologi Rumah Sakit Putri Hijau tahun 2017
Authors: Elvina Elvina 
Published: May 2019

Penilaian konsumen pada kualitas pelayanan Rumah Sakit merupakan hal penting sebagai acuan dalam pembenahan pelayanan sehingga terciptanya suatu kepuasan pelanggan dan menciptakan suatu loyalitas dari konsumen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan tingkat kepuasan pasien di instalasi radiologi Rumah Sakit Putri Hijau Tahun 2017. Jenis penelitian ini adalah survei yang bersifat kuantitatif dengan penelitian Cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh pasien di instalasi radiologi Rumah Sakit Putri Hijau bulan Juli-Agustus Tahun 2017 dan sampel sebanyak 267 orang. Metode analisa data dengan cara analisis univariat, analisis bivariat dan analisis multivariat dengan uji regresi logistik ganda. Hasil penelitian secara statistik menunjukkan akses ke rumah sakit, kecepatan pelayanan, sikap petugas, lama waktu hasil radiologi, kenyamanan, jenis pasien dengan tingkat kepuasan pasien (p< 0.05). Hasil uji regresi logistik berganda diketahui variabel yang berhubungan dengan tingkat kepuasan pasien adalah kecepatan pelayanan, sikap petugas, lama waktu hasil radiologi, dan jenis pasien. Kecepatan pelayanan merupakan faktor yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan tingkat kepuasan pasien. Disarankan pihak rumah sakit, membuat pelatihan kepada petugas kesehatan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan dalam melayani pasien agar pasien tidak menunggu lama, membuat papan pengumuman yang besar mengenai prosedur pelayanan di rumah sakit, dan dapat memberikan kepuasan utamanya dalam hal ini adalah kenyamanan, informasi, akses, dan waktu tunggu yang cepat untuk hasil radiologi sehingga pasien dapat memberikan penilaian jasa yang diberikan dan meningkatkan sikap yang ramah dan tanggap memberi informasi tentang pelayanan kesehatan.