bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Financing terrorism through hawala banking in Switzerland
Authors: Teichmann Fabian Maximilian Johannes 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to illustrate the feasibility of circumventing the Swiss financial sector’s compliance mechanisms by financing terrorism through hawala networks.

Design/methodology/approach
Based upon a qualitative content analysis of 15 informal interviews with providers of illegal financial services and 15 formal interviews with compliance experts and law enforcement officers, the general suitability of hawala networks for the financing of terrorism was assessed and concrete methods of doing so were better understood. In addition, it is shown how terrorists can limit their risks in using the services of hawala bankers.

Findings
Hawala banking in Switzerland is extraordinarily useful for the financing of terrorism.

Research limitations/implications
The findings are based on semi-standardized interviews limited to the perspectives of the 30 interviewees.

Practical implications
Law enforcement and intelligence agencies must be provided with additional tools, such as a broader scope of allowable activity for undercover police officers and the possibility of secretly conducting remote online searches of electronic devices. While this article focuses on Switzerland, its findings could be applied on a global level.

Originality/value
While the existing literature focuses on understanding the channels terrorists can use to finance their activities and on developing prevention mechanisms, this paper describes exactly how terrorism can be financed through hawala networks in Switzerland.
Uncomfortable truths? ML=BS and AML= BS2
Authors: Pol Ronald F. 
Published: March 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to advance debate and prompt new strategies substantially to improve the capacity to disrupt serious profit-motivated crime.Design/methodology/approachUsing interdiction rates (the proportion of criminal funds seized or forfeited) as an interim proxy effectiveness indicator, this article challenges elements of the dominant anti-money laundering/counter-financing of terrorism (AML/CFT) narrative, and reflects on policy effectiveness and outcomes.FindingsInterdiction rates in jurisdictions surveyed hardly constitute a rounding error in the accounts of profit motivated criminal enterprises. The current AML/CFT model appears almost completely ineffective in disrupting illicit finances and serious crime.Research limitations/implicationsWith such research at an early stage, some data are poorly substantiated and methodological inconsistencies rife.Practical implicationsFor policy interventions with a reasonable prospect for crime not to pay, beyond rhetoric, frank evaluation of results and a potential step-change in policy, regulatory and enforcement vision and capability, may be required.Originality/valueScholars have exposed a paucity of meaningful links between AML/CFT controls and crime and terrorism prevention, yet the dominant narrative persists largely unchecked. This paper examines components of that narrative in the context of scholarship on “bullshit”.
A model for preventing corruption
Authors: Peltier-Rivest Dominic 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the extent of corruption globally, explains its social and economic consequences and introduces a model, composed of corporate governance mechanisms, internal controls and red flag analyses, which organizations can apply to prevent corruption.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses criminology theories to analyze corruption and its prevention.

Findings
The global cost of bribery alone is estimated at US$1tn annually, not including costs resulting from non-completion and deficient completion of development projects (World Bank Institute, 2004). This paper shows that an effective prevention model should include a positive work environment and ethical governance; the implementation of a compliance risk management program with fraud risk assessments; an accessible psychological assistance program for employees; regular employee anti-fraud training; the implementation of targeted internal controls such as proper segregation of organizational duties; the adoption of fair compensation levels and realistic individual performance goals; a user-friendly and anonymous reporting mechanism; and independent and regular analyses of abnormal patterns (red flags).

Research limitations/implications
This paper extends previous research by tying together disparate factors into a cohesive model for the prevention of corruption.

Practical implications
The prevention model developed in this paper assists in deterring corruption, improving internal controls, improving the likelihood of detection and reducing opportunities to perpetrate corruption. By reducing the risk of corruption, this model also helps organizations and governments reduce project costs (public spending) and improve project quality, thus promoting economic competitiveness.

Originality/value
A comprehensive prevention model is developed to help curtail corruption and its devastating effects.
Nigerian corruption complex: rethinking complementarities to curative measures
Authors: Ikoh Moses Udo 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the emerging corruption complex in Nigeria, the cultural nexus that influence its enculturation, dynamics and the amoral values that tend to shape it.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper drew data largely from documentary and empirical secondary sources for analysis.

Findings
Current institutional responses are not effective and cannot be sustainable in the fight against corruption. The enculturation process needs to be countered through measures other than arrest, prosecution and punishment to include mass mobilisation, values orientation, conscientisation and sensitisation of Nigerians on the evils of corruption.

Research limitations/implications
The endemicity of corruption in Nigeria suggests the multiplicity of its causative factors. But this study focuses only on primordial cultural fault line which hinders collective conscience in the fight against corruption.

Practical implications
Implementing the suggestions on moral awakening – value orientation, conscientisation, mass mobilisation and sensitisation – is thought of as enthronement of national values as opposed to primordial ethnic cultural values. It would complement the legal remedies in the fight against corruption.

Social implications
The building of character of Nigerians alongside existing laws on corruption will checkmate emerging culture of corruption that is attracting adherents in both business and bureaucratic activities in the countries.

Originality/value
The paper takes a cultural perspective and explains how primordial cultural values inhibit natural cultural values to enthrone amoral values that have contributed to the emergence corruption complex in Nigeria.
Traditional trade in India: the resilient retailer and implications for POS (point of sale) strategies
Authors: Sitaraman Kalpana 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to provide marketers with a blueprint for designing winning point of sale (POS) strategies at the final moment of truth. It focuses on traditional trade (kirana stores), the most critical distribution channel in emerging markets such as India, and outlines a four-pillar strategy of shopper marketing for traditional trade.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper is based on and draws from experience and expertise built in the course of many years of specialized, on-field research in the area of shopper insights in India. It is supplemented with secondary research on retail and shopper trends in India and other developing markets.

Findings
The paper examines how traditional trade in India has evolved to meet the challenges of changing shopper preferences amidst the advent of modern trade. Keeping the common goal of serving customer and shopper needs effectively and efficiently, the paper details a four-pillar strategy of shopper marketing for traditional trade centered around segmenting store clusters; mining shopper insights at the store; leveraging the shopkeeper; and adopting a scientific, organized process of testing and redeploying POS initiatives.

Originality/value
This paper provides marketers and sales professionals with a structured and cohesive approach to designing POS strategies for traditional trade. While the paper is developed for the Indian market, the principles can also be easily adopted across other emerging markets where traditional trade is a dominant channel.
Learning organizational environment and extra-role behaviors
Authors: Islam Talat , Tariq Jawad 
Published: March 2018

PurposeOnly 13 percent of the world’s employees are engaged in their work, which has become a challenge for the managers of today. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the mediating role of employee engagement between perceived learning environment and extra-role behaviors.Design/methodology/approachThis quantitative study collected data from 563 employees using a questionnaire-based survey on a convenience basis.FindingsThe data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results of the study show that employees’ perception of learning environment urges them to perform beyond their formal job descriptions (i.e. extra-role behaviors) regarding proactivity, knowledge sharing and creativity. In addition, employee engagement performs the mediating role between learning environment and extra-role behaviors.Research limitations/implicationsThe data for this study were collected at a single point of time (cross-sectional), which limits the inferences about the causality.Originality/valueThis study is perhaps the first attempt to empirically investigate the mediating role of employee engagement between the relationship of the learning environment and extra-role behaviors such as knowledge sharing, proactivity and creativity.
Leadership vision as a moral duty
Authors: Ndalamba Ken Kalala , Caldwell Cam , Anderson Verl 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
Although much has been written about leadership, the concept of leadership vision is not widely understood, is far more complex than is commonly perceived, and is profoundly ethical in its normative and instrumental nature. The purpose of this paper is to examine the importance of leadership vision, identify seven complex elements, which are key elements of leadership, and identify the importance of leadership vision as a moral duty. Eight testable propositions about leadership vision are presented that address the nature of leadership vision.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper begins with an examination of the complex nature of leadership vision. After defining leadership vision, this paper identifies seven key elements and nine propositions that practitioners and scholars can test to assess the nature of that vision. Following the presentation of three significant contributions, this paper concludes with a challenge to practitioners and scholars to closely examine the importance of leadership vision.

Findings
This paper invites leaders in today’s complex organizations to refine their leadership vision by honoring the duties they owe to others. The leadership vision strengthens leaders’ capacity to guide and serve their organizations and the people working within them.

Practical implications
This paper assists leaders in their duty to serve their organizations, its stakeholders, and a society that badly needs great leaders with vision, commitment to excellence, and a clear moral compass.

Originality/value
This paper provides three significant implications about leadership vision. It defines leadership vision as a complex and multi-faceted moral duty; it presents eight testable propositions about leadership vision, which have value for both practitioners and scholars; it raises the bar for would-be leaders with regard to the obligations that they have in serving others and in guiding organizations.
Testing horizontal and vertical alignment of HR practices designed to achieve strategic organizational goals
Authors: Martinson Brian , De Leon John 
Published: March 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to measure the effect of aligning HR practices horizontally and vertically to support organizational strategic goals.Design/methodology/approachHypotheses were tested using 85,840 employees’ responses collected from a single, large public organization’s annual employee survey. Factor analysis with principal axis factoring and varimax rotation was used to confirm the variables being studied. The relationships were analyzed using ordered logistic regression.FindingsResults suggest that compensation practices, workforce planning, and work/life balance-focused HR practices can be used to predict job satisfaction and turnover intentions. Additionally, when the combined effects of the three HR practice types are considered together, an increased reduction in turnover intention is indicated.Practical implicationsTo achieve optimal performance organizations should be diligent in their efforts to align their functional area HRM strategies and practices with each other and with the overall strategic goals and objectives guiding the organization.Originality/valueWhile the positive effect of alignment has been proposed by many scholars, empirical examinations of the binary approach are rare. This paper contributes to the field by providing a unique empirical examination of an organization’s implementation of HR practices designed to achieve stated strategic objectives through a large scale study.
Board monitoring and audit fees: the moderating role of CEO/chair dual roles
Authors: Jizi Mohammad , Nehme Rabih 
Published: March 2018

PurposeThis paper aims to examine whether CEO/chair dual roles influence board monitoring-audit fees nexus. The impact of corporate governance on audit fees literature is lacking in the banking sector, which is subject to different regulations and reporting requirements to other sectors. The level and quality of external audit services are important not only to shareholders and customers but also for regulators’ reputations and public confidence.Design/methodology/approachExamining a sample of the US national commercial banks, this study fills the gap by empirically examining whether the attributes of internal corporate governance mechanisms, proxied by boards of directors and audit committee characteristics, are related to audit fees. We introduce two interaction variables to understand whether chief executive officer (CEO)/chair dual roles influence the relationships between board independence and audit fees on the one hand and between the audit committee and audit fees on the other hand.FindingsWe find that audit fees are positively associated with board independence, board size, CEO/chair dual role and audit committee financial experts. The results of the interaction variables indicate that boards with higher independence and more effective audit committees tend to demand higher audit quality, and consequently, pay higher audit fees to protect shareholders’ interests from potential power abuse by CEOs who also chair boards.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature by providing extensive understanding of the influence on audit fees of the independence of the board of directors and the effectiveness of the audit committees. The authors first examine the impact of each individual governance variable separately and then introduce two interaction variables. This study provides policymakers with insights into the existing relationships between audit fees and the banking sector governance structure.
Structural optimization design for antenna bracket manufactured by selective laser melting
Authors: Xiao Zefeng , Yang Yongqiang , Wang Di , Song Changhui , Bai Yuchao 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to summarize design rules based on the process characteristics of selective laser melting (SLM) and structural optimization and apply the design rules in the lightweight design of an aluminum alloy antenna bracket. The design goal is to reduce 30 per cent of the weight while maintaining the stress levels in the original part.

Design/methodology/approach
To reduce weight as much as possible, the titanium alloy with higher specific strength was selected during the process of optimization. The material distribution of the bracket was improved by the topology optimization design. The redesign for SLM was used to obtain an optimization model, which was more suitable for SLM. The component performance was improved by shape optimization. The modal analysis data of the structural optimization model were compared with those of the stochastic lightweight model to verify the structural optimization model. The scanning data were compared with those of the original model to verify whether the model was suitable for SLM.

Findings
Structural optimization design for antenna bracket realized the mass decrease of 30.43 per cent and the fundamental frequency increase of 50.18 per cent. The modal analysis data of the stochastic lightweight model and the structural optimization model indicated that the optimization performance of structural optimization method was better than that of the stochastic lightweight method. The comparison results between the scanning data of the forming part and the original data confirmed that the structural optimization design for SLM lightweight component could achieve the desired forming accuracy.

Originality/value
This paper summarizes geometric constraints in SLM and derives design rules of structural optimization based on the process characteristics of SLM. SLM design rules make structural optimization design more reasonable. The combination of structural optimization design and SLM can improve the performance of lightweight antenna bracket significantly.
Multilayer fuzzy neural network for modeling a multisource uncertain unit-cost learning process in wafer fabrication
Authors: Chen Tin-Chih Toly , Tsai Horng-Ren 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to model a multisource uncertain unit-cost learning process to estimate the future unit cost of manufactured products.

Design/methodology/approach
A multilayer fuzzy neural network (FNN) is constructed to model a multisource uncertain unit-cost learning process. A fuzzy constrained gradient descent algorithm is proposed to train the FNN.

Findings
The proposed methodology was applied to a wafer fabrication factory. Wafer fabrication, a well-known additive manufacturing process, is a highly competitive industry; therefore, the manager of a wafer fabrication factory is concerned about the unit cost of each product. This cost can be reduced through learning processes, but these involve much uncertainty, making the estimation of the unit cost a challenging task. Existing methods for modeling these processes and outcomes cannot account for multiple learning sources. However, the multilayer FNN constructed in this study successfully addressed these problems and improved the accuracy of the unit cost estimation by 88 per cent in a real case study.

Originality/value
Modeling an uncertain unit-cost learning process is an innovative application of an FNN. In addition, the proposed methodology is the first attempt to separate the effects of several learning sources, which is considered conducive to the estimation performance.
Initial experience with robotic hepatectomy in Singapore: analysis of 48 resections in 43 consecutive patients
Authors: Goh Brian K. P. , Lee Lip‐Seng , Lee Ser‐Yee , Chow Pierce K. H. , Chan Chung‐Yip , Chiow Adrian K. H. 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundPresently, the adoption of laparoscopic hepatectomy is rapidly increasingly worldwide. However, the application of robotic hepatectomy (RH) remains limited and its role remains undefined today.MethodsA retrospective review of 43 consecutive patients who underwent RH at two institutions in the Singapore Health Services Group.ResultsForty‐three consecutive patients underwent 48 resections during the study period. Seven (16.3%) patients underwent major resections and seven (16.3%) underwent right posterior sectionectomies. Nineteen (44.2%) patients had tumours located in the difficult posterosuperior segments, five had multiple resections and three underwent repeat resections for recurrent tumours. RH was performed for malignant tumours in 32 (74%) patients and 16 (37.2%) had cirrhosis. Seven RH was performed with other concomitant procedures including three colectomies, three hilar lymphadenectomies and one portal vein ligation. The median operation time was 360 min (range 75–825) and the median blood loss was 300 mL (range 25–4500). There was one (2.3%) open conversion for bleeding. The median post‐operative stay was 4 days (range 2–33) and there was one (2.3%) readmission. There was one (2.3%) major (>grade 2 morbidity) in a patient with concomitant anterior resection who underwent reoperation for anastomotic leak. There was no 90 day/in‐hospital mortality. Comparison between RH for tumours in the anterolateral segments versus posterosuperior segments demonstrated no significant difference in perioperative outcomes.ConclusionOur initial experience demonstrated that RH is safe, feasible and associated with excellent post‐operative outcomes. It can be performed successfully with low morbidity even for complex resections such as major hepatectomies, posterior sectionectomies, tumours in difficult posterosuperior segments and repeat liver resections.
Letter: the addition of an immunosuppressant in patients with unsatisfactory response to vedolizumab
Authors: Macaluso F. S. , Orlando R. , Renna S. , Sapienza C. , Ventimiglia M. , Rizzuto G. , Cottone M. , Orlando A. 
Published: March 2018

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Strik et al and Strik and D'Haens papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13994 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14570.
Evidence for Birch Bark Tar Use as an Adhesive and Decorative Element in Early Iron Age Central Italy: Technological and Socio‐Economic Implications
Authors: Morandi L. F. , Porta S. N. , Ribechini E. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractArchaeological excavations carried out in Early Iron Age Vetulonia (northern Tuscany, Italy) brought to light a funerary urn particularly noteworthy for the presence of an unusual decoration obtained by plastering the vase surface with an organic dark grey substance, on which metal strips were originally fixed. In order to reveal the origin of such coating, it was chemically studied by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Chemical analysis not only revealed that birch bark tar was used as coating/adhesive material for the manufacture of the urn, but also allowed us to discuss the significance of the vessel in terms of eco‐technological knowledge and possible cultural connections on a large geographical scale.
Laparoscopic management of gastric perforation secondary to mesenteroaxial volvulus in a patient with laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding
Authors: Payá‐Llorente Carmen , Martínez‐Pérez Aleix , Gómez‐Abril Segundo A , Armañanzas‐Villena Ernesto 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA 54‐year‐old woman was admitted to the emergency department with a 2‐week history of alimentary vomiting. She had undergone laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding 6 years earlier. CT revealed a mesenteroaxial gastric volvulus and ischemia on the gastric wall. Emergent diagnostic laparoscopy was performed, and severe peritonitis and gastric necrosis caused by volvulation was found. After band removal, a fundal perforation was noted, but a viable lesser curvature enabled laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy to be performed. The postoperative course was uneventful. Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding is considered a safe and effective method for the surgical treatment of obesity, but it is associated with a number of complications, such as pouch dilatation and band slippage. Although infrequent, ischemic complications are life‐threatening conditions that require urgent surgery. This is the first report of this unusual complication managed laparoscopically.