bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of different milk powders on the growth and intestinal flora in weaned rats: Comparison of special formula milk powder with ordinary milk powder
Authors: Mu Ruiqi , Fu Yu , Li Jufang , Xie Qinggang , Ma Weiwei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe objective of this investigation was to examine the effects of distinct dosages of infant formula and diverse formula constituents on the growth and development of weaned rats. Fifty specific pathogen‐free (SPF) male Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats aged 3 weeks were divided into the basic diet group, 20% ordinary milk powder group, 20% special formula milk powder group, 30% ordinary milk powder group, and 30% special formula milk powder group randomly. After 28 days of feeding, compared with the basic diet group, the body mass and brain/body weight of rats in the 30% ordinary and special formula milk powder groups were decreased. At the Genus level, Bacteroides in the group supplemented with 20% special formula milk powder was significantly lower than that in the basic diet group, and Parabacteroides was significantly lower than that in the 20% ordinary milk powder group. Lactobacillus was significantly higher than those in the basic diet group and the 20% ordinary milk powder group, and Blautia was significantly higher than those in the basic diet group and the 20% and 30% ordinary milk powder groups, and UBA1819 was significantly higher than those in the other groups. The abundance of Parasutterella in the basic diet group was significantly higher than those in the groups supplemented with 20% ordinary milk powder, 20% special formula milk powder, and 30% ordinary milk powder. This study found that different doses and different formula components of infant milk powder could affect body mass and intestinal flora in Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats, and the addition of low‐dose (20%) special formula infant milk powder can increase the beneficial bacteria in the intestinal flora of rats and may reduce the pathogenic bacteria.
Promising Pharmacological Interventions for Posterior Capsule Opacification: A Review
Authors: Liu Yuxuan , Dong Xiaoming , Wu Bin , Cheng Zhigang , Zhang Jinsong , Wang Jing 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPhacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation is the primary treatment for cataract. Although this treatment strategy benefits patients with cataracts, posterior capsule opacification (PCO) remains a common complication that impairs vision and affects treatment outcomes. The pathogenesis of PCO is associated with the proliferation, migration, and fibrogenesis activity of residual lens epithelial cells, with epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) serving as a key mechanism underlying the condition. Transforming growth factor‐beta 2 (TGF‐β2) is a major promotor of EMT, thereby driving PCO development. Most studies have shown that drugs and miRNAs mitigate EMT by inhibiting, clearing, or eliminating LECs. In addition, targeting EMT–related signaling pathways in TGF‐β2–stimulated LECs has garnered attention as a research focus. This review highlights potential treatments for PCO and details the mechanisms by which drugs and miRNAs counter EMT.
Quantification and validation of uncertainties in subsoil models
Authors: Wiegel Andreas , Peña‐Olarte Andrés , Cudmani Roberto 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn infrastructure planning and construction, modeling the subsoil and its associated uncertainty is a fundamental task of geotechnical engineers. However, probabilistic methods and tools for quantifying and displaying the uncertainty of the subsoil models are rarely used in practice where deterministic interpolation dominates. In digital planning using Building Information Modeling (BIM), the probabilistic approach supports creating a discipline model in which the uncertainties of the spatial layer structure are statistically quantified to evaluate the georisks in the design and execution of civil constructions. This article presents a case study using a combination of Sequential Gaussian Simulation (SGSIM) and Sequential Indicator Simulation (SISIM) to account for uncertainties in soil layer geometry. In a case study at the Munich Town Hall, a geostatistical approach is applied and validated based on 70 bore logs, whereby the probabilities for the occurrence of a particular layer are spatially quantified. The case study illustrates the methodology‘s great potential and benefits compared to the conventional deterministic approach based on interpolation procedures.
A View on the Emerging Concern of Oropouche Fever in Brazil and Its Diagnosis
Authors: Gopalsamy Rajiv Gandhi , Barreto Marina dos Santos , Santos Ronaldy Santana , Jesus Pamela Chaves de , Souza Jessiane Bispo de , Sena Ludmila Oliveira Carvalho , Bezerra Gabriela Vasconcelos Brito , Santos Cliomar Alves dos , Mota Santana Lucas Alves da , Hariharan Govindasamy , Borges Lysandro Pinto 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTOropouche fever has gained prominence due to its outbreaks and health consequences, particularly in Latin American countries. In addition to the more common symptoms of fever and nausea, Oropouche has been reported to cause neurological and gastrointestinal problems. However, Oropouche remains a neglected disease that needs improved detection methods. The purpose of this letter is to raise awareness of this infectious disease and the methods that can be used to detect and ultimately control it.
Therapeutic potential of targeting the FLNA‐regulated Wee1 kinase in adrenocortical carcinomas
Authors: Esposito Emanuela , Marra Giusy , Catalano Rosa , Maioli Sara , Nozza Emma , Barbieri Anna Maria , Hantel Constanze , Di Dalmazi Guido , Sigala Sandra , Geginat Jens , Cassinotti Elisa , Baldari Ludovica , Palmieri Serena , Mangone Alessandra , Berruti Alfredo , Ferrante Emanuele , Mantovani Giovanna , Peverelli Erika 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFilamin A (FLNA) is poorly expressed in adrenocortical carcinomas (ACC) compared to adenomas (ACA). Its presence is associated to a less aggressive tumour behaviour, potentially due to its role in negatively regulating IGF1R signalling. Upregulation of G2/M Wee1 kinase was shown in FLNA‐deficient mouse neural progenitor cells, and it has been reported in several tumours. This study explored Wee1 expression in ACC and its regulation by FLNA, the effects of Wee1 inhibitor AZD1775, and the impact of FLNA on its efficacy in ACC cell lines and primary cells. Analysis of FLNA and Wee1 proteins revealed elevated Wee1 and reduced FLNA in ACC compared to normal adrenal gland. FLNA knockdown increased Wee1 protein in NCI‐H295R, MUC‐1, and in primary ACC cells. Higher p‐CDK1 and cyclin B1 were shown in FLNA‐silenced MUC‐1, while decreased Wee1, p‐CDK1 and cyclin B1 resulted after FLNA overexpression. Wee1 reduction was reverted by lactacystin treatment and FLNA transfection increased p‐Wee1 (Ser123), suggesting FLNA's role in targeting Wee1 for degradation. AZD1775 dose‐dependently reduced proliferation and viability in ACC cell lines and primary cultures, and it triggered MUC‐1 cell death. Similar effects were induced by Wee1 silencing. FLNA depletion augmented AZD1775's efficacy in reducing proliferation and potentiating apoptosis in MUC‐1 and primary cells. In conclusion, we demonstrated that FLNA regulates Wee1 expression by promoting its degradation, suggesting that low FLNA typical of ACC leads to increased Wee1 with consequent cancer cells growth. It proposes Wee1 inhibition as a new potential therapeutic approach for ACC, particularly for those lacking FLNA.
Temporal and spatial effects of mass shootings on gun demand
Authors: Chen Yuan , Li Xun , Shi Lisi , Wang Rui , Yu Qikexin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMass shootings in the U.S. have been at the center of the public crisis debate for a long time. Combining information on mass shootings with background check reports from the Federal Bureau of Investigation, this study applies mass shootings as exogenous shocks and reveals that the demand for guns is especially strong in the month in which a shooting occurs, and it decays with time. In addition, results confirm a spatial spillover effect of mass shootings, in which a mass shooting in one state affects gun demand in other states. The magnitude of the effect depends on the distance between the states. Our analysis also explores the difference in the effects between states with loose regulations on handguns and long guns and those with strict regulations. In the former, gun demand increases significantly after mass shootings, whereas in the latter the increase is insignificant. Finally, this study shows that consumers respond heterogeneously given the different characteristics of mass shootings, such as the number of victims and location.
Translating Blackness through youth language learning in the Dominican Republic
Authors: Hamm‐Rodríguez Molly 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis article presents findings from a six‐month Language and Social Justice course collaboratively designed with multilingual educators in the Dominican Republic. Teaching and learning processes with Dominican and Haitian youth (ages 18–24) illustrate how opportunities to learn about English and Kreyòl from a transnational perspective can disrupt dominant discourses about youth's relationships with themselves and each other. By intentionally focusing on counternarratives to notions that Dominican youth reject their Blackness and that Dominican and Haitian youth interact in tension rather than solidarity, this study highlights how youth “translate blackness” (García Peña, 2022) through language learning. Drawing from transnational literacy frameworks that engage the cultural and linguistic repertoires of Black youth in relationship with one another (Skerrett & Omogun, 2020; Smith, 2023) and from Black‐centered language pedagogies (Anya, 2017; Clemons, 2021b), I describe how youth negotiate meanings and orientations to Blackness through language and literacy practices.
Topography‐Mediated Induction of Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition via Alumina Textiles for Potential Wound Healing Applications
Authors: Dutta Deepanjalee , Nuntapramote Titinun , Rehders Maren , Brix Klaudia , Brüggemann Dorothea 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTSubstrate topography is vital in determining cell growth and fate of cellular behavior. Although current in vitro studies of the underlying cellular signaling pathways mostly rely on their induction by specific growth factors or chemicals, the influence of substrate topography on specific changes in cells has been explored less often. This study explores the impact of substrate topography, specifically the tricot knit microfibrous structure of alumina textiles, on cell behavior, focusing on fibroblasts and keratinocytes for potential wound healing applications. The textiles, studied for the first time as in vitro substrates, demonstrated support for keratinocyte adhesion, leading to alterations in cell morphology and the expression of E‐cadherin and fibronectin. These topography‐induced changes resembled the epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), crucial for wound healing, and were specific to keratinocytes and absent in identically treated fibroblasts. Biochemically induced EMT in keratinocytes cultured on flat alumina substrates mirrored the changes seen with alumina textiles alone, suggesting the tricot knit microfibrous topography could serve as an in vitro model system to induce EMT‐like mechanisms. These results enhance our understanding of how substrate topography influences EMT‐related processes in wound healing, paving the way for further evaluation of microfibrous alumina textiles as innovative wound dressings.
Ultrasound‐Defined Sarcopenia Independently Predicts Acute Decompensation in Advanced Chronic Liver Disease
Authors: Gödiker Juliana , Schwind Lea , Jacob Torid , Böhling Nina , Reinartz Groba Sara Noemi , Kimmann Markus , Meier Jörn Arne , Peiffer Kai‐Henrik , Trebicka Jonel , Chang Johannes , Praktiknjo Michael 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundIt has been shown that in patients with liver cirrhosis, sarcopenia is a predictor of acute decompensation (AD), acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) and death. However, computer tomography (CT), as a suggested standard method for diagnosing sarcopenia, is resource intensive and involves radiation exposure. Therefore, in this study, we evaluate the muscle thickness of quadriceps femoris measured by ultrasound (US) as a prognostic parameter for AD and all‐cause mortality in chronic liver disease.MethodsSixty‐three patients with chronic liver disease and signs of portal hypertension were analysed in this prospective monocentric study for the occurrence of acute decompensation such as hepatic encephalopathy, ascites, haemorrhage and liver‐related death within 1 year. We assessed muscle thickness at three different heights in terms of suitability as a predictor.ResultsAmong all 63 patients, 15 patients experienced acute decompensation, and 9 patients died due to liver‐related death. We found the upper third of the muscle, measured without applying pressure with the transducer, to be the most significant for predicting AD/ACLF [AUC 0.739 (confidence interval (CI) 0.604–0.874, p = 0.006]. A cut‐off value of US‐defined muscle thickness standardized per height for identifying sarcopenia was determined (1.83 cm/m). Patients with US‐defined sarcopenia showed significantly higher rates of AD (38.9% vs. 3.7%, p = 0.001) and all‐over 1‐year mortality (27.8% vs. 3.7%, p = 0.013). The mean AD free survival time is 8.3 months (95% CI 6.6–9.9) for sarcopenic patients and 11.8 months (95% CI 11.0–12.6) for the non‐sarcopenic cohorts. Corresponding CT analysis displayed similar results for AD free survival for both groups (40% AD rate in the sarcopenic group vs. 7% AD rate in the non‐sarcopenic group, p = 0.001). The risk for AD was significantly higher in the sarcopenic cohort compared with those without sarcopenia in both US and CT (US: HR 16.6; p = 0.009; 95% CI 2.0–136.0; CT: HR 8.7; p = 0.017; 95% CI 1.5–51.0). CT and US displayed a moderate agreement (p = 0.006; κ = 0.379).ConclusionsSarcopenia classification based on US measurements is shown to be an independent predictor of AD occurrence within 1 year. This pilot study is the first to suggest that screening for sarcopenia by ultrasonography may be useful for risk assessment in patients with chronic liver disease and signs of portal hypertension.
Orthodontic–orthognathic combined case management in postgraduate orthodontic and oral maxillofacial surgery programs
Authors: Xu Jin , Wang Steven , Yu Wenjing , Chung Chun‐Hsi , Le Anh D. , Wolff Mark S. , Li Chenshuang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectivesWith the development of three‐dimensional (3D) image, the 3D virtual surgical planning (VSP) system has been broadly used in the treatment planning of orthodontic–orthognathic cases. This study aimed to understand the current education status regarding the use of orthodontic–orthognathic surgical planning tools in the postgraduate orthodontic and oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) programs in North America.MethodsAn electronic multiple‐choice survey was sent via email with 2‐week and 1‐month follow‐ups, requesting anonymous participation of program directors/department chairs from all postgraduate orthodontic and OMFS programs in North America. Responses were collected directly on Qualtrics for analysis.ResultsThe response rate was 25.68% for orthodontic and 34.34% for OMFS programs. Two‐dimensional traditional surgical planning (TSP) at initial treatment planning and 3D VSP right before surgery were most commonly utilized in both specialty programs. All responded postgraduate OMFS programs utilized VSP, yet 26.32% of responded orthodontic programs did not utilize VSP. For the surgical outcomes, fewer orthodontic programs were highly satisfied than OMFS programs. More orthodontic programs warranted secondary surgery at a higher rate due to the unsatisfied outcome. Additionally, the orthodontic programs that did not use VSP showed higher unsatisfied surgical outcomes than the programs that used VSP. Moreover, there were discrepancies between orthodontic and OMFS programs regarding the perceived level of collaboration of each other on the surgical planning for the patients.ConclusionThere were discrepancies between orthodontic and OMFS programs regarding the utilization of VSP, treatment outcomes satisfaction, and perceived level of collaboration on surgical planning for the patients.
Acute Hepatitis Related to Hepatitis E Virus Genotype 3f Infection in Brazil
Authors: Ribeiro Leidiane B. , Reche Luciana A. , Nastri Ana C. de Seixas Santos , Malta Fernanda de Mello , Amgarten Deyvid E. , Casadio Luciana V. B. , Gonzalez Mario P. , Ono Suzane K. , Mendes‐Correa Maria C. , Carrilho Flair J. , Pinho João R. R. , Gomes‐Gouvêa Michele S. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an important causative agent of acute hepatitis (AH). Despite reports of human infection in Brazil, the investigation is not routinely conducted, even in cases of elevated liver enzymes. This study evaluated two groups: group 1—patients with acute hepatitis A (n = 44); group 2—patients with nonA‐C AH (n = 47). They were tested by enzyme immunoassay for anti‐HEV IgM/IgG and real‐time PCR for HEV RNA detection. The positive sample for HEV RNA was submitted for sequencing. The seroprevalence of anti‐HEV IgM and IgG in group 1 was 4% (2/44) and 14.5% (7/44), respectively. Viral RNA was not detected in any sample. In group 2, the anti‐HEV IgM positivity was 4.3% (2/47), and IgG 14.9% (7/47). RNA was detectable in one case, which presented a viral load of 222.4 IU/μL and positive anti‐HEV IgM/IgG. In the phylogenetic analysis, the genotype identified was HEV‐3f. These results indicate that HEV infection should be considered a possible diagnosis in cases of non‐A–C AH. The patient identified with acute hepatitis E had recently traveled to the Northeast region of Brazil (Garanhuns city in Pernambuco state), where there are reports of high HEV seroprevalence among pigs. The close phylogenetic relationship observed between the sequence characterized in this study and strains isolated from pigs in nearby cities where the patient went suggested a possible zoonotic transmission in this region. This study highlights the importance of expanding studies and improving surveillance to understand better and manage HEV infections nationwide.
Financial Compensation of Academic Otolaryngologists in the United States: Trends and Distribution
Authors: Shah Rema , Tyagi Sidharth , Futela Dheeman , Malhotra Ajay , Judson Benjamin L. 
Published: November 2024

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess recent trends in financial compensation in the field of academic otolaryngology, and distribution based on rank, sex, race/ethnicity, and geographical regions in academic medical centers.MethodsThe AAMC Faculty Salary Survey was used, which collects information for full‐time faculty at US academic centers. Financial compensation data for otolaryngology faculty with MD or equivalent degree were collected from 2017 to 2023, stratified by rank, gender, race/ethnicity, and geographical region.ResultsThe AAMC Faculty Salary Survey data for 2023 included responses for 1641 faculty members from academic otolaryngology departments. Median faculty compensation increased on an average 0.58%–2.81% per year from 2017 to 2023, with the greatest increase at the senior ranks and smaller increases at the Instructor rank. Male faculty members were consistently compensated more than women at all ranks throughout the study period, and the salary gap increased at the higher academic ranks. Black/African American faculty had a lower median compensation compared to White faculty at all ranks. Faculty members in the northeast region had the highest median compensation at all ranks.ConclusionThis study summarizes the trends of otolaryngology faculty compensation and shows persistent salary inequities at academic medical centers in the United States.Level of EvidenceN/A Laryngoscope, 2024
Antimicrobial Peptide SAAP‐148‐Functionalized Hydrogels from Photocrosslinkable Polymers with Broad Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Atif Muhammad , Babuççu Gizem , Riool Martijn , Zaat Sebastian , Jonas Ulrich 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAntimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising alternatives to traditional antibiotics for treating skin wound infections. Nonetheless, their short half‐life in biological environments restricts clinical applicability. Covalent immobilization of AMPs onto suitable substrates offers a comprehensive solution, creating contact‐killing surfaces with long‐term functionality. Here, a copolymer of poly[(hydroxy ethyl acrylamide)‐co‐(4‐benzophenone acrylamide)‐co‐(pentafluorophenyl acrylate)‐co‐(ECOSURF EH‐3 acrylate)], in short poly(HEAAm‐co‐BPAAm‐co‐PFPA‐co‐EH3A), is synthesized by free radical polymerization. Subsequent modification of active ester groups with the amine groups of SAAP‐148, results in a copolymer, that is non‐cytotoxic to human lung fibroblasts. UV photocrosslinking of the benzophenone units yields a polymer network that forms a hydrogel after swelling with aqueous medium. Both the SAAP‐148‐modified polymer in solution and the photocrosslinked hydrogels show good antimicrobial activity against strains of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii, including multidrug‐resistant strains, frequently found in wound infections. The covalent attachment of SAAP‐148 prevents leaching, ensuring sustained antimicrobial activity for at least 48 h in diluted human blood plasma and 14 days in PBS. This prolonged retention of antimicrobial activity in human blood plasma significantly enhances its clinical potential. Overall, this study shows the potential of the AMP‐functionalized photocrosslinkable polymer as antimicrobial wound dressings, providing an effective alternative to antibiotics.
Looking Inside of the Intestinal Permeability Regulation by Protein‐Derivatives from Bovine Milk
Authors: Guzmán‐Mejía Fabiola , Molotla‐Torres Daniel Efrain , Godínez‐Victoria Marycarmen , Valdes‐Hilarios Ximena , Sánchez‐Miranda Elizabeth , Oros‐Pantoja Rigoberto , Drago‐Serrano Maria Elisa 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe prime function of the epithelium is to regulate the intestinal permeability; the latter is a quantitative parameter that refers to the measurement of the rate of passage of solutes through the epithelial monolayer. Function of epithelial monolayer depends on the expression of protein complexes known as tight junction proteins; whose function and expression can be disrupted under conditions of inflammation including irritable bowel disease (IBD), intestinal infections, and high‐fat diets, among others. This manuscript is focused to outline the effects of bovine milk protein derivatives on the intestinal permeability addressed mostly in animal models in which the intestinal barrier is disrupted. At present, the properties of bovine milk protein derivatives on intestinal permeability have been scarcely documented in humans, but evidence raised from clinical trials provides promising findings of potential application of colostrum to control of the intestinal permeability in critically ill patients, users of non‐steroid anti‐inflammatory drugs, like athletes and militia members.