bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tetrathiomolybdate induces dimerization of the metal-binding domain of ATPase and inhibits platination of the protein
Authors: Fang Tiantian , Chen Wanbiao , Sheng Yaping , Yuan Siming , Tang Qiaowei , Li Gongyu , Huang Guangming , Su Jihu , Zhang Xuan , Zang Jianye , Liu Yangzhong 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTetrathiomolybdate (TM) is used in the clinic for the treatment of Wilson’s disease by targeting the cellular copper efflux protein ATP7B (WLN). Interestingly, both TM and WLN are associated with the efficacy of cisplatin, a widely used anticancer drug. Herein, we show that TM induces dimerization of the metal-binding domain of ATP7B (WLN4) through a unique sulfur-bridged Mo2S6O2 cluster. TM expels copper ions from Cu-WLN4 and forms a copper-free dimer. The binding of Mo to cysteine residues of WLN4 inhibits platination of the protein. Reaction with multi-domain proteins indicates that TM can also connect two domains in the same molecule, forming Mo-bridged intramolecular crosslinks. These results provide structural and chemical insight into the mechanism of action of TM against ATPase, and reveal the molecular mechanism by which TM attenuates the cisplatin resistance mediated by copper efflux proteins.
Unusual synergistic effect in layered Ruddlesden−Popper oxide enables ultrafast hydrogen evolution
Authors: Zhu Yinlong , Tahini Hassan A. , Hu Zhiwei , Dai Jie , Chen Yubo , Sun Hainan , Zhou Wei , Liu Meilin , Smith Sean C. , Wang Huanting , Shao Zongping 
Published: January 2019

AbstractEfficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction are key to realize clean hydrogen production through water splitting. As an important family of functional materials, transition metal oxides are generally believed inactive towards hydrogen evolution reaction, although many of them show high activity for oxygen evolution reaction. Here we report the remarkable electrocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution reaction of a layered metal oxide, Ruddlesden−Popper-type Sr2RuO4 with alternative perovskite layer and rock-salt SrO layer, in an alkaline solution, which is comparable to those of the best electrocatalysts ever reported. By theoretical calculations, such excellent activity is attributed mainly to an unusual synergistic effect in the layered structure, whereby the (001) SrO-terminated surface cleaved in rock-salt layer facilitates a barrier-free water dissociation while the active apical oxygen site in perovskite layer promotes favorable hydrogen adsorption and evolution. Moreover, the activity of such layered oxide can be further improved by electrochemistry-induced activation.
Functional imaging of visual cortical layers and subplate in awake mice with optimized three-photon microscopy
Authors: Yildirim Murat , Sugihara Hiroki , So Peter T. C. , Sur Mriganka 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTwo-photon microscopy is used to image neuronal activity, but has severe limitations for studying deeper cortical layers. Here, we developed a custom three-photon microscope optimized to image a vertical column of the cerebral cortex > 1 mm in depth in awake mice with low (<20 mW) average laser power. Our measurements of physiological responses and tissue-damage thresholds define pulse parameters and safety limits for damage-free three-photon imaging. We image functional visual responses of neurons expressing GCaMP6s across all layers of the primary visual cortex (V1) and in the subplate. These recordings reveal diverse visual selectivity in deep layers: layer 5 neurons are more broadly tuned to visual stimuli, whereas mean orientation selectivity of layer 6 neurons is slightly sharper, compared to neurons in other layers. Subplate neurons, located in the white matter below cortical layer 6 and characterized here for the first time, show low visual responsivity and broad orientation selectivity.
Changing temporal context in human temporal lobe promotes memory of distinct episodes
Authors: El-Kalliny Mostafa M. , Wittig John H. , Sheehan Timothy C. , Sreekumar Vishnu , Inati Sara K. , Zaghloul Kareem A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMemories of experiences that occur around the same time are linked together by a shared temporal context, represented by shared patterns of neural activity. However, shared temporal context may be problematic for selective retrieval of specific memories. Here, we examine intracranial EEG (iEEG) in the human temporal lobe as participants perform a verbal paired associates memory task that requires the encoding of distinct word pairs in memory. We find that the rate of change in patterns of low frequency (3–12 Hz) power distributed across the temporal lobe is significantly related to memory performance. We also find that exogenous electrical stimulation affects how quickly these neural representations of temporal context change with time, which directly affects the ability to successfully form memories for distinct items. Our results indicate that the ability to retrieve distinct episodic memories is related to how quickly neural representations of temporal context change over time during encoding.
Mercury’s anomalous magnetic field caused by a symmetry-breaking self-regulating dynamo
Authors: Takahashi Futoshi , Shimizu Hisayoshi , Tsunakawa Hideo 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe discovery of Mercury’s unusually axisymmetric, anomalously axially offset dipolar magnetic field reveals a new regime of planetary magnetic fields. The cause of the offset dipole remains to be resolved, although some exotic models have been proposed. Deciphering why Mercury has such an anomalous field is crucial not only for understanding the internal dynamics, evolutionary history and origin of the planet, but also for establishing the general dynamo theory. Here we present numerical dynamo models, where core convection is driven as thermo-compositional, double-diffusive convection surrounded by a thermally stably stratified layer. We show that the present models produce magnetic fields similar in morphology and strength to that of Mercury. The dynamo-generated fields act on the flow to force interaction between equatorially symmetric and antisymmetric components that results in north-south asymmetric helicity. This symmetry-breaking magnetic feedback causes the flow to generate and maintain Mercury’s axially offset dipolar field.
Region-specific inhibition of 14-3-3 proteins induces psychomotor behaviors in mice
Authors: Graham Kourtney , Zhang Jiajing , Qiao Haifa , Wu Yuying , Zhou Yi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe 14-3-3 family of proteins is genetically linked to several psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. Our 14-3-3 functional knockout (FKO) mice, as well as other 14-3-3 knockout models, have been shown to exhibit behavioral endophenotypes related to schizophrenia. While specific forebrain regions, such as the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HP), have been implicated in schizophrenic pathophysiology, the role of these brain regions in the top-down control of specific schizophrenia-associated behaviors has not been examined. Here, we used an adeno-associated virus (AAV) delivered shRNA to knock down the expression of the 14-3-3-inhibitor transgene, thus selectively restoring the function of 14-3-3 in the forebrain of the 14-3-3 FKO mice, we found that injection of the AAV-shRNA into both the PFC and the HP is necessary to attenuate psychomotor activity of the 14-3-3 FKO mice. Furthermore, we found that acute inhibition of 14-3-3, through the delivery of an AAV expressing the 14-3-3 inhibitor to both the PFC and HP, can trigger psychomotor agitation. Interestingly, when assessing the two brain regions separately, we determined that AAV-mediated expression of the 14-3-3 inhibitor specifically within the HP alone is sufficient to induce several behavioral deficits including hyperactivity, impaired associative learning and memory, and reduced sensorimotor gating. In addition, we show that post-synaptic NMDA receptor levels are regulated by acute 14-3-3 manipulations. Taken together, findings from this study directly link 14-3-3 inhibition in specific forebrain regions to certain schizophrenia-associated endophenotypes.
Analysis of potential strategies for cadmium stress tolerance revealed by transcriptome analysis of upland cotton
Authors: Chen Haodong , Li Yujun , Ma Xiongfeng , Guo Lishuang , He Yunxin , Ren Zhongying , Kuang Zhengcheng , Zhang Xiling , Zhang Zhigang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn recent years, heavy metal pollution has become a more serious global problem, and all countries are actively engaged in finding methods to remediate heavy metal-contaminated soil. We conducted transcriptome sequencing of the roots of cotton grown under three different cadmium concentrations, and analysed the potential strategies for coping with cadmium stress. Through Gene Ontology analysis, we found that most of the genes differentially regulated under cadmium stress were associated with catalytic activity and binding action, especially metal iron binding, and specific metabolic and cellular processes. The genes responsive to cadmium stress were mainly related to membrane and response to stimulus. The KEGG pathways enriched differentially expressed genes were associated with secondary metabolite production, Starch and sucrose metabolism, flavonoid biosynthesis, phenylalanina metalism and biosynthesis, in order to improve the activity of antioxidant system, repair systems and transport system and reduction of cadmium toxicity. There are three main mechanisms by which cotton responds to cadmium stress: thickening of physical barriers, oxidation resistance and detoxification complexation. Meanwhile, identified a potential cotton-specific stress response pathway involving brassinolide, and ethylene signaling pathways. Further investigation is needed to define the specific molecular mechanisms underlying cotton tolerance to cadmium stress. In this study potential coping strategies of cotton root under cadmium stress were revealed. Our findings can guide the selection of cotton breeds that absorb high levels of cadmium.
Altered Central Autonomic Network in Baseball Players: A Resting-state fMRI Study
Authors: Sie Jia-Hong , Chen Yin-Hua , Chang Chih-Yen , Yen Nai-Shing , Chu Woei-Chyn , Shiau Yuo-Hsien 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe physiological adaptive regulation of healthy population with a high fitness level is associated with enhanced cognitive control in brain. This study further investigated the effects of different levels of sporting experience on intrinsic brain networks involved in central autonomic processing using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. We explored functional connectivity of four core regions within central autonomic network (CAN), namely posterior midcingulate cortex (pMCC), left amygdala (AMYG), and right anterior (aINS) and left posterior insular cortices, in advanced and intermediate baseball players, and compared their strength of connectivity with individuals without baseball-playing experience. Functional connectivity maps across three groups confirmed a close relationship between CAN and large-scale brain networks in sensory, motor and cognitive domains. Crucially, both advanced and intermediate batters demonstrated enhanced connectivity between pMCC and sensorimotor network, between right aINS and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, and between left AMYG and right putamen, than controls. These results reflected a stronger interregional coupling in sensorimotor and cognitive control, and in motor skill consolidation. In conclusion, we provided evidence that different levels of sporting experience could reorganize/enhance intrinsic functional connectivity for central autonomic processing.
Revealing the role of microstructure architecture on strength and ductility of Ni microwires by in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction
Authors: Purushottam raj purohit Ravi raj purohit , Arya Abhinav , Bojjawar Girish , Pelerin Maxime , Van Petegem Steven , Proudhon Henry , Mukherjee Soham , Gerard Céline , Signor Loïc , Mocuta Cristian , Casati Nicola , Suwas Satyam , Chokshi Atul H. , Thilly Ludovic 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDeformation mechanisms of cold drawn and electropolished nickel microwires are studied by performing in-situ monotonous and cyclic tensile tests under synchrotron radiation. X-ray diffraction tests allow probing elastic strains in the different grain families and establishing a link with the deformation mechanisms taking place within the microwires. The measurements were carried out on several microwires with diameters ranging from as-drawn 100 µm down to 40 µm thinned down by electropolishing. The as-drawn wires exhibit a core-shell microstructure with <111> fiber texture dominant in core and heterogeneous dual fiber texture <111> and <100> in the shell. Reduction of specimen size by electropolishing results in a higher yield stress and tensile strength along with reduced ductility. In-situ XRD analysis revealed that these differences are linked to the global variation in microstructure induced by shell removal with electropolishing, which in turn affects the load sharing abilities of grain families. This study thus proposes a new way to increase ductility and retain strength in nickel microwires across different diameters by tuning the microstructure architecture.
Manipulation of the precursor supply for high-level production of longifolene by metabolically engineered Escherichia coli
Authors: Cao Yujin , Zhang Rubing , Liu Wei , Zhao Guang , Niu Wei , Guo Jiantao , Xian Mo , Liu Huizhou 
Published: January 2019

AbstractLongifolene is a naturally occurring tricyclic sesquiterpene widely used in many different fields. Up to now, this valuable terpene was mainly manufactured from the high-boiling fraction of certain pine resins. Microbial production can be a promising alternative to the extraction from natural plant sources. Here, we present the metabolic engineering strategy to assemble biosynthetic pathway for longifolene production in Escherichia coli. E. coli was rendered to produce longifolene by heterologously expressing a codon optimized longifolene synthase from Picea abies. Augmentation of the metabolic flux to farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) by different FPP synthases conferred a 1.8-fold increase in longifolene production. An additional enhancement of longifolene production (up to 2.64 mg/L) was achieved by introducing an exogenous mevalonate pathway. Under fed-batch conditions, the best-performing strain was able to produce 382 mg/L of longifolene in a 5 L bioreactor. These results demonstrated the feasibility of producing longifolene by microbial fermentation and could serve as the basis for the construction of more robust strains in the future.
Hemodynamic Changes in the Right Ventricle Induced by Variations of Cardiac Output: A Possible Mechanism for Arrhythmia Occurrence in the Outflow Tract
Authors: Gülan Utku , Saguner Ardan Muammer , Akdis Deniz , Gotschy Alexander , Tanner Felix C. , Kozerke Sebastian , Manka Robert , Brunckhorst Corinna , Holzner Markus , Duru Firat 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe rationale of this paper is to investigate right ventricular (RV) hemodynamics in relation to changes in cardiac output, and in particular to study exercise-induced stresses at the RV outflow tract (RVOT), which is a common site of ventricular arrhythmias in the athlete’s heart. We hypothesize that the thin-walled RVOT is exposed to high wall shear stresses (WSS) during physiological states associated with high cardiac output such as exercise, and therefore, may be particularly prone to substrate formation leading to ventricular tachyarrhythmias. 3D Particle Tracking Velocimetry (3D-PTV), an optical imaging method, has been performed in a novel anatomically accurate compliant silicone right heart model derived from a high resolution MRI heart scan of a healthy male proband. RV and RVOT flow patterns at resting conditions were obtained from two healthy athletic male proband’s hearts and two patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia (ARVC/D) via phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI). The healthy case was used as a reference for validating the in vitro flow patterns of the silicone model, while the diseased cases were used to generalize our findings and investigate possible changes in hemodynamic stresses with RV morphological remodelling. Our results showed that both healthy and diseased geometries consistently displayed an increased WSS in the RVOT relative to the rest of the RV. We found that increases in cardiac output may lead to increases of mean kinetic energy (MKE), laminar viscous dissipation and WSS at the RVOT. Furthermore, higher peak WSS magnitudes were found for the diseased cases. The identified high WSS regions may correlate with the common site of RVOT ventricular tachycardia in athletes and patients with ARVC/D. Our results imply that exercise, as well as anatomical and functional remodeling might alter RV wall shear stress both in magnitude and spatial distribution, leading to increased hemodynamic stresses in the RVOT.
Mechanical response of dense pedestrian crowds to the crossing of intruders
Authors: Nicolas Alexandre , Kuperman Marcelo , Ibañez Santiago , Bouzat Sebastián , Appert-Rolland Cécile 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe increasing number of mass events involving large crowds calls for a better understanding of the dynamics of dense crowds. Inquiring into the possibility of a mechanical description of these dynamics, we experimentally study the crossing of dense static crowds by a cylindrical intruder, a mechanical test which is classical for granular matter. The analysis of our experiments reveals robust features in the crowds’ response, comprising both similarities and discrepancies with the response of granular media. Common features include the presence of a depleted region behind the intruder and the short-range character of the perturbation. On the other hand, unlike grains, pedestrians anticipate the intruder’s passage by moving much before contact and their displacements are mostly lateral, hence not aligned with the forces exerted by the intruder. Similar conclusions are reached when the intruder is not a cylinder, but a single crossing pedestrian. Thus, our work shows that pedestrian interactions even at high densities (3 to 6 ped/m2) do not reduce to mechanical ones. More generally, the avoidance strategies evidenced by our findings question the incautious use of force models for dense crowds.
Differential expression of p120-catenin 1 and 3 isoforms in epithelial tissues
Authors: Venhuizen Jan-Hendrik , Sommer Sebastian , Span Paul N. , Friedl Peter , Zegers Mirjam M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractP120 catenin (p120) is a non-redundant master regulatory protein of cadherin-based cell-cell junctions, intracellular signaling, and tissue homeostasis and repair. Alternative splicing can generate p120 isoforms 1 and 3 (p120-1 and p120-3), which are implicated in non-overlapping functions by differential expression regulation and unique interactions in different cell types, with often predominant expression of p120-1 in mesenchymal cells, and p120-3 generally prevalent in epithelial cells. However, the lack of specific p120-3 protein detection has precluded analysis of their relative abundance in tissues. Here, we have developed a p120-3 isoform-specific antibody and analyzed the p120-3 localization relative to p120-1 in human tissues. p120-3 but not p120-1 is highly expressed in cell-cell junctions of simple gastrointestinal epithelia such as colon and stomach, and the acini of salivary glands and the pancreas. Conversely, the basal layer of the epidermis and hair follicles expressed p120-1 with reduced p120-3, whereas most other epithelia co-expressed p120-3 and p120-1, including bronchial epithelia and mammary luminal epithelial cells. These data provide an inventory of tissue-specific p120 isoform expression and suggest a link between p120 isoform expression and epithelial differentiation.
Altered spinogenesis in iPSC-derived cortical neurons from patients with autism carrying de novo SHANK3 mutations
Authors: Gouder Laura , Vitrac Aline , Goubran-Botros Hany , Danckaert Anne , Tinevez Jean-Yves , André-Leroux Gwenaëlle , Atanasova Ekaterina , Lemière Nathalie , Biton Anne , Leblond Claire S. , Poulet Aurélie , Boland Anne , Deleuze Jean-François , Benchoua Alexandra , Delorme Richard , Bourgeron Thomas , Cloëz-Tayarani Isabelle 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe synaptic protein SHANK3 encodes a multidomain scaffold protein expressed at the postsynaptic density of neuronal excitatory synapses. We previously identified de novo SHANK3 mutations in patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and showed that SHANK3 represents one of the major genes for ASD. Here, we analyzed the pyramidal cortical neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells from four patients with ASD carrying SHANK3 de novo truncating mutations. At 40–45 days after the differentiation of neural stem cells, dendritic spines from pyramidal neurons presented variable morphologies: filopodia, thin, stubby and muschroom, as measured in 3D using GFP labeling and immunofluorescence. As compared to three controls, we observed a significant decrease in SHANK3 mRNA levels (less than 50% of controls) in correlation with a significant reduction in dendritic spine densities and whole spine and spine head volumes. These results, obtained through the analysis of de novo SHANK3 mutations in the patients’ genomic background, provide further support for the presence of synaptic abnormalities in a subset of patients with ASD.
Faster fibrin clot degradation characterizes patients with central pulmonary embolism at a low risk of recurrent peripheral embolism
Authors: Kupis Robert W. , Goldman-Mazur Sarah , Polak Maciej , Ząbczyk Michał , Undas Anetta 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIt is unclear whether thrombus location in pulmonary arteries is associated with particular clot characteristics. We assessed 156 patients following either central or peripheral pulmonary embolism (PE). Plasma clot lysis time, the rate of D-dimer release from plasma clots (D-Drate) with the maximum D-dimer concentration achieved (D-Dmax), as well as fibrin formation on turbidimetry, plasma clot permeation, thrombin generation, and fibrinolytic parameters were measured 3–6 months after PE. Patients following central PE (n = 108, 69.3%) were more likely smokers (38.9% vs 18.8%; p = 0.01), less likely carriers of factor XIII Val34Leu allele (40.7% vs 62.5%, p = 0.01), exhibited 16.7% higher D-Drate and 12.7% higher tissue plasminogen activator antigen (tPA:Ag) compared with peripheral PE (p = 0.02 and p < 0.0001, respectively). Saddle PE patients (n = 31, 19.9%) had 11.1% higher D-Drate and 7.3% higher D-Dmax compared with central PE (both p < 0.05). Twenty-three recurrent PE episodes, including 15 central episodes, during a median follow-up of 52.5 months were recorded. Plasma D-dimer and tPA:Ag were independent predictors for central recurrent PE, whereas D-Drate and peak thrombin predicted peripheral recurrent PE. Plasma clots degradation is faster in patients following central PE compared with peripheral PE and fibrinolysis markers might help to predict a type of recurrent PE.