bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sedimentary, Geochemical and Micropaleontological Responses to Sea Level Variations in the Vitoria Estuary, Espírito Santo
Authors: Machado Giseli Modolo Vieira , Bastos Alex Cardoso , da Silva de Freitas Alex , Baptista Neto Jose Antônio 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMarine insertion indicators in the Vitoria estuary (ES) revealed relative variations in sea level during the Holocene in three sediment cores. Sedimentological, geochemical (C/N ratio), and paleontological (shells and palynomorphs) analysis and14C dating associated five sedimentary facies to different estuarine deposits. A C/N ratio <10 at the core base indicated organic matter of marine origin. Moving up the cores to 110–150 cm, an abrupt increase in C/N to 26–63 in every core suggests the sudden entry of higher plants into the estuary, potentially the moment sea level retreated. High continental (10,743 palynomorphs/g) and low marine palynomorph concentrations (323 palynomorphs/g) suggest a primarily continental source even during transgression and at high sea level. Around 8973 cal BP, an open bay already existed in the region of Vitoria. Sea level potentially exceeded the current level around 7110 cal BP. The transgressive maximum was at 5567 cal BP. Marine insertion indicators, such as marine shells, low C/N ratios and foraminiferal linings, did not always respond directly to sea level oscillations. These discrepancies probably result from lateral variations in sedimentary deposits from transport patterns and from variations in organic matter and palynomorph preservation due to differences in river and obstacle proximity.
A randomised, double-blind, cross-over trial to evaluate bread, in which gluten has been pre-digested by prolyl endoprotease treatment, in subjects self-reporting benefits of adopting a gluten-free or low-gluten diet
Authors: Rees Dinka , Holtrop Grietje , Chope Gemma , Moar Kim M. , Cruickshank Morven , Hoggard Nigel 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to determine if the enzymeAspergillus nigerprolyl endoprotease (ANPEP), which degrades the immunogenic proline-rich residues in gluten peptides, can be used in the development of new wheat products, suitable for gluten-sensitive (GS) individuals. We have carried out a double-blind, randomised, cross-over trial with two groups of adults; subjects, self-reporting benefits of adopting a gluten-free or low-gluten diet (GS,n16) and a control non-GS group (n12). For the trial, volunteers consumed four wheat breads: normal bread, bread treated with 0·8 or 1 % ANPEP and low-protein bread made from biscuit flour. Compared with controls, GS subjects had a favourable cardiovascular lipid profile – lower LDL (4·0 (sem0·3)v. 2·8 (sem0·2) mmol/l;P=0·008) and LDL:HDL ratio (3·2 (sem0·4)v. 1·8 (sem0·2);P=0·005) and modified haematological profile. The majority of the GS subjects followed a low-gluten lifestyle, which helps to reduce the gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms severity. The low-gluten lifestyle does not have any effect on the quality of life, fatigue or mental state of this population. Consumption of normal wheat bread increased GI symptoms in GS subjects compared with their habitual diet. ANPEP lowered the immunogenic gluten in the treated bread by approximately 40 %. However, when compared with the control bread for inducing GI symptoms, no treatment effects were apparent. ANPEP can be applied in the production of bread with taste, texture and appearance comparable with standard bread.
β-Hydroxyβ-methylbutyrate free acid alters cortisol responses, but not myofibrillar proteolysis, during a 24-h fast
Authors: Tinsley Grant M. , Givan Amy H. , Graybeal Austin J. , Villarreal Michael I. , Cross Austin G. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis study was a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over trial examining the effects ofβ-hydroxyβ-methylbutyrate free acid (HMB-FA) supplementation on muscle protein breakdown, cortisol, testosterone and resting energy expenditure (REE) during acute fasting. Conditions consisted of supplementation with 3 g/d HMB-FA or placebo during a 3-d meat-free diet followed by a 24-h fast. Urine was collected before and during the 24-h fast for analysis of 3-methylhistidine:creatinine ratio (3MH:CR). Salivary cortisol, testosterone, their ratio (T:C), and the cortisol awakening response were assessed. ANOVA was used to analyse all dependent variables, and linear mixed models were used to confirm the absence of carryover effects. Eleven participants (six females, five males) completed the study. Urinary HMB concentrations confirmed compliance with supplementation. 3MH:CR was unaffected by fasting and supplementation, but the cortisol awakening response differed between conditions. In both conditions, cortisol increased from awakening to 30 min post-awakening (P=0·01). Cortisol was reduced from 30 to 45 min post-awakening with HMB-FA (−32 %,d=−1·0,P=0·04), but not placebo (PL) (−6 %,d=−0·2,P=0·14). In males, T:C increased from 0 to 24 h of fasting with HMB-FA (+162 %,d=3·0,P=0·001), but not placebo (+13 %,d=0·4,P=0·60), due to reductions in cortisol. REE was higher at 24 h of fasting than 16 h of fasting independent of supplementation (+4·0 %,d=0·3,P=0·04). In conclusion, HMB-FA may affect cortisol responses, but not myofibrillar proteolysis, during acute 24-h fasting.
L'impact des minorités visibles sur l'appui à la Charte des valeurs et l'interdiction des signes religieux
Authors: Ferland Benjamin 
Published: March 2018

RésuméL’étude propose d'examiner l'impact des minorités visibles sur les attitudes des Québécois francophones face à la Charte des valeurs et l'interdiction des signes religieux dans la fonction publique. En se basant sur les théories du contact et des conflits intergroupes ainsi que la théorie de l'identité sociale, nous faisons l'hypothèse que la proportion de minorités visibles dans une circonscription a un effet positif sur l'appui à la Charte et l'interdiction des signes religieux pour les individus souverainistes (tel que prédit par la théorie des conflits intergroupes) alors que l'effet est négatif pour les individus fédéralistes (tel que prédit par la théorie du contact). À partir de données de sondage, nos résultats confirment que la présence de minorités visibles a un effet négatif sur l'appui à l'interdiction des signes religieux pour tous les répondants, sauf les individus très souverainistes. Par contre, la présence de minorités visibles n'a pas d'effet positif ni négatif sur l'appui à la Charte des valeurs. Considérant que les enjeux d'immigration continueront à occuper l'espace public dans les années à venir, notre étude contribue à une meilleure compréhension des effets de vivre à proximité de populations immigrantes sur les attitudes des Québécois face à l'immigration et plus précisément, quant aux politiques proposées afin d'encadrer la diversité culturelle.
The narrative self in rural dementia: a case study from eastern Nova Scotia
Authors: CHISHOLM RILEY , BISCHOPING KATHERINE 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTThis analysis examines how the narrative self of a person with dementia is maintained by family members in a small rural Nova Scotian community. In the literature, the expectation is often that rurality is a condition of isolation, distance from family and limited health resources. However, drawing on three years of ethnographic and interviewing research with a large extended family whose patriarch, Alexander, is a person with dementia, we demonstrate how a community's rurality influences interpretations of dementia. In Alexander's rurality, of particular import are local definitions of belonging, which privilege intimate knowledge of local history, working as a farmer to shape the land, and being of Scottish descent and male. As family members find Alexander's belonging to come into question in their community, we show them to employ narratives in which he is valorised for continuing to uphold local values – of ‘usefulness’ and of ‘being the land’. We show how the family members must also revisit and revise these narratives when Alexander's belonging is further called into question outside the family setting and, specifically, at the local farmer's market, where Alexander is often no longer greeted by other marketgoers. The men and women of the family arrive at different interpretations of this development, with the women considering marketgoers to demean and dehumanise Alexander, while the men feel that the marketgoers are avoiding interactions that would embarrass him. Such disagreements reveal the ongoing emotional labour of creating narratives that lack closure, certainty and consensus, as well as ways in which gender and rurality operate intersectionally in the process of meaning-making.
Modular, hollow culms of rain-forest bamboos explain their persistence across a wide range of light environments
Authors: Fujinuma Junichi , Potts Matthew D. , Kassim Abd Rahman , Harrison Rhett D. , Razak O. Abd , Kohyama Takashi S. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:Tropical bamboos persist in a wide range of light conditions and quickly respond to changes in light availability. However, the mechanisms underpinning this ability remain unknown. In order to test the hypothesis that the modular and hollow culm architecture of bamboos explains their performance in a wide range of light environments, we determined the allometric relationships of two dominant bamboo species of the upper hill dipterocarp forests of Malaysia,Gigantochloa ligulata(n = 29) andSchizostachyum grande(n = 25), via destructive sampling. We also monitored biomass turnover of bamboos and woody trees in 24 permanent plots (1.92 ha in total) over a one-year period. Compared with woody trees, bamboo culms attained 1.5 times the height and their clumps supported four times as much total leaf area at the same above-ground biomass. In addition, at a given height, bamboo clumps had six times larger crown projection area than trees while having a similar amount of total leaf area per unit of crown projection area. Finally, bamboos’ biomass turnover rate was three times higher than trees, andG. ligulataincreased its specific rate of biomass increase after canopy disturbance, while trees decreased. We conclude that the unique architecture of bamboos allows them to persist under closed forest canopy light conditions and to respond to gap formation via high biomass turnover rate.
Anarchism and Health
Authors: SCOTT NIALL 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:This article looks at what anarchism has to offer in debates concerning health and healthcare. I present the case that anarchism’s interest in supporting the poor, sick, and marginalized, and rejection of state and corporate power, places it in a good position to offer creative ways to address health problems. I maintain that anarchistic values of autonomy, responsibility, solidarity, and community are central to this endeavor. Rather than presenting a case that follows one particular anarchist theory, my main goal is to raise issues and initiate debate in this underresearched field in mainstream bioethics.
Can Theories of Global Justice Be Useful in Humanitarian Response?
Authors: SIMM KADRI 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:Why is it that humanitarianism and theories of global justice seem to have relatively little engagement with each other? This article discusses some of the reasons for this being the case, and argues that instead of seeing these two fields as separate or adversarial they should be viewed as complementary. The article begins with a brief overview of humanitarianism, in order to argue for the relevance of justice in humanitarianism. The second section focuses on analyzing selected theories of justice— those of Peter Singer, John Kekes, and Thomas Pogge—through a particular lens, that of the question of responsibility for global well-being. The article concludes by arguing that theories of global justice can be beneficial for humanitarian causes, not in a comprehensive and consistent “all-or-nothing” manner, but rather on a case-by-case basis and through selective application of particular arguments.
Gender Bias in Student Evaluations
Authors: Mitchell Kristina M. W. , Martin Jonathan 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTMany universities use student evaluations of teachers (SETs) as part of consideration for tenure, compensation, and other employment decisions. However, in doing so, they may be engaging in discriminatory practices against female academics. This study further explores the relationship between gender and SETs described by MacNell, Driscoll, and Hunt (2015) by using both content analysis in student-evaluation comments and quantitative analysis of students’ ordinal scoring of their instructors. The authors show that the language students use in evaluations regarding male professors is significantly different than language used in evaluating female professors. They also show that a male instructor administering an identical online course as a female instructor receives higher ordinal scores in teaching evaluations, even when questions are not instructor-specific. Findings suggest that the relationship between gender and teaching evaluations may indicate that the use of evaluations in employment decisions is discriminatory against women.
Rb is required for retinal angiogenesis and lamination
Authors: Zhou Yi , Wei Ran , Zhang Liu , Chen Yongjiang , Lu Suying , Liang Chen , Wang Yujiao , Xiao Lirong , Zhang Junjun , Bremner Rod , Chen Danian 
Published: March 2018

AbstractRetinoblastoma tumor suppressor (Rb) promotes cell cycle exit, survival, differentiation, and tumor suppression in the retina. Here, we show it is also essential for vascularization and lamination. Despite minimal effects on Hif1a target expression, intraretinal vascular plexi did not form in the Rb
−/−
murine retina. Deleting adenovirus E2 promoter binding factor 3 (E2f3), which rescues starburst amacrine cell differentiation, or E2f2, had no effect, but deleting E2f1, which promotes neuronal cell cycle exit and survival, restored retinal vasculature. We specifically linked cell loss to the defect because removing Bax rescued rod and bipolar neurons and the vasculature, but not cell cycle exit. Despite rescuing Rb
−/−
neurons, Bax deletion exacerbated a delay in outer retina lamination, and exposed a requirement for Rb in inner retina lamination. The latter resembled Sem5 or FAT atypical cadherin 3 (Fat3) mutants, but expression of Sem5/Fat3 pathway components, or that of Neogenin, which perturbs migration in the Rb
−/−
cortex, was unchanged. Instead, lamination defects correlated with ectopic division, and were E2f1-dependent, implicating the cell cycle machinery. These in vivo studies expose new developmental roles for Rb, pinpoint aberrant E2f1 and Bax activity in neuronal death and vascular loss, and further implicate E2f1 in defective lamination. Links between Rb, angiogenesis and lamination have implications for the treatment of neovascularization, neurodegeneration and cancer.
Divergent T-cell receptor recognition modes of a HLA-I restricted extended tumour-associated peptide
Authors: Chan Kok Fei , Gully Benjamin S. , Gras Stephanie , Beringer Dennis X. , Kjer-Nielsen Lars , Cebon Jonathan , McCluskey James , Chen Weisan , Rossjohn Jamie 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHuman leukocyte antigen (HLA)-I molecules generally bind short peptides (8–10 amino acids), although extended HLA-I restricted peptides (>10 amino acids) can be presented to T cells. However, the function of such extended HLA-I epitopes in tumour immunity, and how they would be recognised by T-cell receptors (TCR) remains unclear. Here we show that the structures of two distinct TCRs (TRAV4+TRAJ21+-TRBV28+TRBJ2-3+ and TRAV4
+
TRAJ8+-TRBV9+TRBJ2-1+), originating from a polyclonal T-cell repertoire, bind to HLA-B*07:02, presenting a 13-amino-acid-long tumour-associated peptide, NY-ESO-160–72. Comparison of the structures reveals that the two TCRs differentially binds NY-ESO-160–72–HLA-B*07:02 complex, and induces differing extent of conformational change of the NY-ESO-160–72 epitope. Accordingly, polyclonal TCR usage towards an extended HLA-I restricted tumour epitope translates to differing TCR recognition modes, whereby extensive flexibility at the TCR–pHLA-I interface engenders recognition.
A systematic approach to the development of a safe live attenuated Zika vaccine
Authors: Kwek Swee Sen , Watanabe Satoru , Chan Kuan Rong , Ong Eugenia Z. , Tan Hwee Cheng , Ng Wy Ching , Nguyen Mien T. X. , Gan Esther S. , Zhang Summer L. , Chan Kitti W. K. , Tan Jun Hao , Sessions October M. , Manuel Menchie , Pompon Julien , Chua Camillus , Hazirah Sharifah , Tryggvason Karl , Vasudevan Subhash G. , Ooi Eng Eong 
Published: March 2018

AbstractZika virus (ZIKV) is a flavivirus that can cause congenital disease and requires development of an effective long-term preventative strategy. A replicative ZIKV vaccine with properties similar to the yellow fever 17D (YF17D) live-attenuated vaccine (LAV) would be advantageous, as a single dose of YF17D produces lifelong immunity. However, a replicative ZIKV vaccine must also be safe from causing persistent organ infections. Here we report an approach to ZIKV LAV development. We identify a ZIKV variant that produces small plaques due to interferon (IFN)-restricted viral propagation and displays attenuated infection of endothelial cells. We show that these properties collectively reduce the risk of organ infections and vertical transmission in a mouse model but remain sufficiently immunogenic to prevent wild-type ZIKV infection. Our findings suggest a strategy for the development of a safe but efficacious ZIKV LAV.
Label-free analysis of physiological hyaluronan size distribution with a solid-state nanopore sensor
Authors: Rivas Felipe , Zahid Osama K. , Reesink Heidi L. , Peal Bridgette T. , Nixon Alan J. , DeAngelis Paul L. , Skardal Aleksander , Rahbar Elaheh , Hall Adam R. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHyaluronan (or hyaluronic acid, HA) is a ubiquitous molecule that plays critical roles in numerous physiological functions in vivo, including tissue hydration, inflammation, and joint lubrication. Both the abundance and size distribution of HA in biological fluids are recognized as robust indicators of various pathologies and disease progressions. However, such analyses remain challenging because conventional methods are not sufficiently sensitive, have limited dynamic range, and/or are only semi-quantitative. Here we demonstrate label-free detection and molecular weight discrimination of HA with a solid-state nanopore sensor. We first employ synthetic HA polymers to validate the measurement approach and then use the platform to determine the size distribution of as little as 10 ng of HA extracted directly from synovial fluid in an equine model of osteoarthritis. Our results establish a quantitative method for assessment of a significant molecular biomarker that bridges a gap in the current state of the art.
TRiC controls transcription resumption after UV damage by regulating Cockayne syndrome protein A
Authors: Pines Alex , Dijk Madelon , Makowski Matthew , Meulenbroek Elisabeth M. , Vrouwe Mischa G. , van der Weegen Yana , Baltissen Marijke , French Pim J. , van Royen Martin E. , Luijsterburg Martijn S. , Mullenders Leon H. , Vermeulen Michiel , Vermeulen Wim , Pannu Navraj S. , van Attikum Haico 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTranscription-blocking DNA lesions are removed by transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER) to preserve cell viability. TC-NER is triggered by the stalling of RNA polymerase II at DNA lesions, leading to the recruitment of TC-NER-specific factors such as the CSA–DDB1–CUL4A–RBX1 cullin–RING ubiquitin ligase complex (CRLCSA). Despite its vital role in TC-NER, little is known about the regulation of the CRLCSA complex during TC-NER. Using conventional and cross-linking immunoprecipitations coupled to mass spectrometry, we uncover a stable interaction between CSA and the TRiC chaperonin. TRiC’s binding to CSA ensures its stability and DDB1-dependent assembly into the CRLCSA complex. Consequently, loss of TRiC leads to mislocalization and depletion of CSA, as well as impaired transcription recovery following UV damage, suggesting defects in TC-NER. Furthermore, Cockayne syndrome (CS)-causing mutations in CSA lead to increased TRiC binding and a failure to compose the CRLCSA complex. Thus, we uncover CSA as a TRiC substrate and reveal that TRiC regulates CSA-dependent TC-NER and the development of CS.
Inhibition of neuronal FLT3 receptor tyrosine kinase alleviates peripheral neuropathic pain in mice
Authors: Rivat Cyril , Sar Chamroeun , Mechaly Ilana , Leyris Jean-Philippe , Diouloufet Lucie , Sonrier Corinne , Philipson Yann , Lucas Olivier , Mallié Sylvie , Jouvenel Antoine , Tassou Adrien , Haton Henri , Venteo Stéphanie , Pin Jean-Philippe , Trinquet Eric , Charrier-Savournin Fabienne , Mezghrani Alexandre , Joly Willy , Mion Julie , Schmitt Martine , Pattyn Alexandre , Marmigère Frédéric , Sokoloff Pierre , Carroll Patrick , Rognan Didier , Valmier Jean 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPeripheral neuropathic pain (PNP) is a debilitating and intractable chronic disease, for which sensitization of somatosensory neurons present in dorsal root ganglia that project to the dorsal spinal cord is a key physiopathological process. Here, we show that hematopoietic cells present at the nerve injury site express the cytokine FL, the ligand of fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 receptor (FLT3). FLT3 activation by intra-sciatic nerve injection of FL is sufficient to produce pain hypersensitivity, activate PNP-associated gene expression and generate short-term and long-term sensitization of sensory neurons. Nerve injury-induced PNP symptoms and associated-molecular changes were strongly altered inFlt3-deficient mice or reversed after neuronal FLT3 downregulation in wild-type mice. A first-in-class FLT3 negative allosteric modulator, discovered by structure-based in silico screening, strongly reduced nerve injury-induced sensory hypersensitivity, but had no effect on nociception in non-injured animals. Collectively, our data suggest a new and specific therapeutic approach for PNP.
Natural variation of chronological aging in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae species reveals diet-dependent mechanisms of life span control
Authors: Jung Paul P. , Zhang Zhi , Paczia Nicole , Jaeger Christian , Ignac Tomasz , May Patrick , Linster Carole L. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAging is a complex trait of broad scientific interest, especially because of its intrinsic link with common human diseases. Pioneering work on aging-related mechanisms has been made in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, mainly through the use of deletion collections isogenic to the S288c reference strain. In this study, using a recently published high-throughput approach, we quantified chronological life span (CLS) within a collection of 58 natural strains across seven different conditions. We observed a broad aging variability suggesting the implication of diverse genetic and environmental factors in chronological aging control. Two major Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) were identified within a biparental population obtained by crossing two natural isolates with contrasting aging behavior. Detection of these QTLs was dependent upon the nature and concentration of the carbon sources available for growth. In the first QTL, the RIM15 gene was identified as major regulator of aging under low glucose condition, lending further support to the importance of nutrient-sensing pathways in longevity control under calorie restriction. In the second QTL, we could show that the SER1 gene, encoding a conserved aminotransferase of the serine synthesis pathway not previously linked to aging, is causally associated with CLS regulation, especially under high glucose condition. These findings hint toward a new mechanism of life span control involving a trade-off between serine synthesis and aging, most likely through modulation of acetate and trehalose metabolism. More generally it shows that genetic linkage studies across natural strains represent a promising strategy to further unravel the molecular basis of aging.