bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crystal structure of the 1:2 co-crystal between N,N′-bis(4-pyridylmethyl)oxalamide and acetic acid as a dihydrate, C14H14N4O2⋅2 C2H4O2⋅2 H2O
Authors: Tan Sang Loon , Tiekink Edward R.T. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
C18H26N4O8, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 4.7975(2) Å, b = 9.8725(3) Å, c = 11.0244(3) Å, α = 85.312(3)°, β = 79.872(3)°, γ = 87.600(3)°, V = 512.09(3) Å3, Z = 1, R
gt(F) = 0.0381, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1064, T = 100(2) K.
Crystal structure of the co-crystal 4-[(4-carboxyphenyl)disulfanyl]benzoic acid–(1E,4E)-1-N,4-N-bis(pyridin-4-ylmethylidene)cyclohexane-1,4-diamine (1/1), C14H10O4S2⋅C18H20N4
Authors: Tan Sang Loon , Tiekink Edward R.T. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
C32H30N4O4S2, monoclinic, I2/a (no. 15), a = 21.2034(7) Å, b = 5.0614(2) Å, c = 27.5987(12) Å, β = 105.991(4)°, V = 2847.3(2) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0431, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1246, T = 100(2) K.
Crystal structure of fac-tricarbonyl-morpholine-κN-(morpholinocarbamodithioato-κ2
S,S′)rhenium(I), C12H17N2O5ReS2
Authors: Lee See Mun , Lo Kong Mun , Heard Peter J. , Tiekink Edward R.T. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
C12H17N2O5ReS2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 11.99393(5) Å, b = 20.48791(11) Å, c = 13.67105(6) Å, β = 103.3351(5)°, V = 3268.82(3) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0238, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0629, T = 100(2) K.
Crystal structure of (1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane-κ4
N,N′,N′′,N′′′)palladium(II) tetracyanonickelate(II), C14H24N8NiPd
Authors: Ha Kwang 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
C14H24N8NiPd, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 8.9786(9) Å, b = 8.3191(9) Å, c = 11.9489(12) Å, β = 94.772(3)°, V = 889.42(16) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0161, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0401, T = 223(2) K.
The Dynamic Impact of Nonprofit Organizations: Are Health-Related Nonprofit Organizations Associated with Improvements in Obesity at the Community Level?
Authors: Haslam Alyson , Nesbit Rebecca , Christensen Robert K. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNonprofit organizations have the potential to influence public health by filling voids not filled by government or private organizations. Here we investigate whether the presence of health-related nonprofit organizations at the local community level helps to improve community-level obesity. This study used a time-series design using a random effects model to determine whether the entrance or exits of health nonprofits at the county level was associated with lower obesity rates in the US one and two years following the entrance or departures of nonprofits. The effect was small but significant in urban areas, with a smaller effect in rural areas. Our findings suggest that the presence of health nonprofits is associated with positive health outcomes, in this case obesity. The plausibility may be explained through the increased role nonprofits play in fostering social capital and increased promotion of health-related issues.
Understanding US government reluctance to accept legally binding emissions reduction targets: the import of elite interest convergence
Authors: Nwankwo Cletus Famous 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This essay critically examines why the United States Government (USG) has been reluctant to accept legally binding greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets (LBGERTs). The paper notes that four factors are essential in explaining this, namely the economy, scepticism about climate science, hegemonic drives and a quest for distributive justice. Notwithstanding, USG reluctance to accept LBGERTs is shaped by the convergence of interests of key actors in US political system who conceive government action to combat climate as a threat to their interests, although this can be reinforced or dissuaded by party ideology. While party ideology could strengthen or weaken US actions to fight climate change, the shielding of its sovereignty remains paramount regardless of ideological differences between the Democrats and Republicans. It indicates that while it could be argued that the Kyoto Protocol was a failed regime given the wide acceptance of the Paris Agreement, the planned withdrawal of US from Paris Agreement demonstrates that the Kyoto Protocol was not wholly a failure and buttressed the need to have a legally binding agreement (LBA). Also, it argues that the success of the Paris Agreement is a function of trust, reputation and reciprocity among countries that are parties to it.
Titanium based complexes with melanin precursors as a tool for directing melanogenic pathways
Authors: Vitiello Giuseppe , Melone Pietro , Silvestri Brigida , Pezzella Alessandro , Di Donato Paola , D’Errico Gerardino , Di Napoli Michela , Zanfardino Anna , Varcamonti Mario , Luciani Giuseppina 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Bioinspired melanin based hybrid materials hold huge promise for developing multifunctional systems for a considerable set of applications. Yet, control of melanogenic pathway is a big challenge to allow rational design of nanostructured systems with tuned structures and improved properties. This study proves the ability of titanium ions interactions with melanin precursors in directing melanogenic pathway. To this purpose complementary spectroscopic evidences were collected to reveal that in the presence of a TiO2-sol, amino-acid complex of Ti(IV) ions and DOPA actually inhibits its cyclization, during oxidative process, thus leading to DOPA-based polyphenols, stable even in oxidative environment, rather than eumelanin. This hugely impacts on the biological properties of the final hybrid systems which, discloses relevant and durable antioxidant behavior but poor antimicrobial activity differently from DHICA-based hybrid nanostructures. Overall this study, discloses the high potential of ceramic templated approach in combination with the selection of melanin precursor in achieving a fine tuning of physico-chemical as well as bioactivity of melanin-TiO2 nanostructures, opening new scenarios towards the design of cutting-edge biomaterials with tailored biological properties.
Is hydrogen electronegativity higher than Pauling’s value? New clues from the 13C and 29Si NMR chemical shifts of [CHF3] and [SiHF3] molecules
Authors: Benedetti Michele , De Castro Federica , Ciccarese Antonella , Fanizzi Francesco Paolo 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We previously demonstrated that the δ NMR chemical shift of central NMR active atoms (A), in simple halido [AXn] (A=C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, Pt; Xn = combination of n halides, n = 4 or 6) derivatives, could be directly related to X radii overall sum, Σ(r
L

). Further correlation have also been observed for tetrahedral [AX4] (A=C, Si; X4 = combination of four halides) compounds where the X Pauling electronegativities sum,

Σ
(

χ
L

Pau

)
,

$\Sigma (\chi _L^{{\rm{Pau}}}),$

exceeds a specific value (≈12.4). In this work, we focused on these latter systems considering the H vs. X substitution. The analysis of the literature reported δ(13C) and δ(29Si) NMR chemical shift for the mono hydrogenated derivatives and in particular for [CHF3] and [SiHF3], characterized by the lowest Σ(r
L

) and the highest

Σ
(

χ
L

Pau

)
,

$\Sigma (\chi _L^{{\rm{Pau}}}),$

suggests a revised value for the H electronegativity ranking with respect to Pauling’s.
Seismic Behaviour of TRC-Strengthened RC Columns under Different Constraint Conditions
Authors: Ming Liu , Shiping Yin , Wenjie Chen 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This paper studied the confinement effect of textile layers and the stirrup ratio on the seismic behaviour of TRC-strengthened RC columns using the numerical method. The results showed that the numerical values have good consistency with the experimental. Within the range of 1 to 3 layers of textile, with the increase of the number of textile layers, the peak load, displacement ductility ratio and energy dissipation capacity of the columns increased; however, these parameters only exhibited a limited increase when the textile layers continued to increase. In addition, the textile layers had a slight influence on the rate of the energy dissipation capacity. With the increase of the stirrup ratio, the yield load, peak load and ultimate load of the column did not change significantly, but the ductility coefficient and energy dissipation capacity of the column increased. Furthermore, for a TRC-strengthened column with three layers of textile and a stirrup ratio of 0.34%, the hysteresis loop fullness and the bearing capacity are better than those of a column with two layers of textile and a stirrup ratio of 0.67%. Therefore, it can be seen that TRC could play an efficient constraint role on the column when the stirrup arrangement is less.
Qualifizierung einer digitalisierten Ultraschallprüfprozesskette
Authors: Schmitt Robert H. , Lehmann Nico , Nienheysen Philipp 
Published: August 2019

Zusammenfassung
Das neu entwickelte DIMUTA-System (Digital Inspection Method for Ultrasonic Testing Application) ermöglicht eine Digitalisierung konventioneller Ultraschallprüfprozesse großer Gasturbinengehäuse. Es ist gekennzeichnet durch eine digitalisierte Ultraschallprüfung in Kombination mit einem optischen Positionsmesssystem. Entscheidend für den erfolgreichen industriellen Einsatz ist die noch ausstehende Qualifizierung des Systems. Dieser Artikel beschreibt den Qualifizierungsprozess der digitalisierten Ultraschallprüfprozesskette mit Fokussierung auf die optische Positionsmessung. Hierzu wurde eine statistische Versuchsplanung durchgeführt, um die Messunsicherheit zu bestimmen und anschließend die Konformität des Systems in Hinblick auf die geforderte Toleranz zu prüfen.
Contract as Promise: Lessons Learned
Authors: Fried Charles 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In The Choice Theory of Contracts, Hanoch Dagan and Michael Heller state that by arguing “that autonomy matters centrally to contract,” Contract as Promise makes an “enduring contribution . . . but [its] specific arguments faltered because [they] missed the role of diverse contract types and because [it] grounded contractual freedom in a flawed rights-based view. . .. We can now say all rights-based arguments for contractual autonomy have failed.” The authors conclude that their proposed choice theory “approach returns analysis to the mainstream of twentieth-century liberalism – a tradition concerned with enhancing self-determination that is mostly absent in contract theory today.” Perhaps the signal flaw in Contract as Promise they sought to address was the homogenization of all contract types under a single paradigm. In this Article, I defend the promise principle as the appropriate paradigm for the regime of contract law. Along the way I defend the Kantian account of this subject, while acknowledging that state enforcement necessarily introduces elements — both normative and institutional — for which that paradigm fails adequately to account. Of particular interest and validity is Dagan and Heller’s discussion of contract types, to which the law has always and inevitably recurred. They show how this apparent constraint on contractual freedom actually enhances freedom to contract. I discuss what I have learned from their discussion: that choice like languages, is “lumpy,” so that realistically choices must be made between and framed within available types, off the rack, as it were, and not bespoke on each occasion. I do ask as well how these types come into being mutate, and can be deliberately adapted to changing circumstances.
On the Optimal Number of Contract Types
Authors: Bar-Gill Oren , Gillette Clayton P. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The theoretical availability of an infinite number of contract types suggests that there may be an optimal quantity from which contractual parties could make a selection. In this Article, we emphasize the difficulty of identifying that optimal number, given information costs and other transaction costs related to the production of a contract type. We argue that standard market failures might cause markets to produce a suboptimal number of contract types. We then consider whether government should intervene to remedy any market failure. We conclude that government would generally lack the access to information necessary to identify the optimal number of contract types. Moreover, we argue that issues of political economy would impede the ability of government to achieve the optimal number of contract types, even if it were able to identify that number. Government, that is, may tend to either oversupply or undersupply contract types. Perhaps the best that government can do is to provide “soft” interventions that reflect appropriate defaults or safe harbors.
Plural Values in Contract Law: Theory and Implementation
Authors: Markovits Daniel , Schwartz Alan 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Private law theory must confront the plurality of values that inform the problems that private law addresses in practice. We consider Hanoch Dagan’s and Michael Heller’s The Choice Theory of Contracts as a case-study in the promise and perils that embracing plural values poses for private law theory.
We begin by arguing that private law theory cannot ignore value pluralism and identify three approaches that theory might take to pluralism. We call these approaches capitulating to, leveraging, and embracing value pluralism. We illustrate each approach and assess its strengths and weaknesses.
Theories that capitulate to pluralism simultaneously limit their scope and hamper their persuasiveness even within their restricted domains. Theories that leverage pluralism limit their domains more dramatically still. And theories that embrace pluralism are difficult to operationalize in practice without abandoning their pluralist roots.
We briefly illustrate the drawbacks of capitulating to and leveraging pluralism with examples from recent contract theory. We then take up theories that embrace pluralism in greater detail, by studying Dagan and Heller’s approach. We argue that Dagan and Heller do not solve the deep problems that operationalizing their embrace of pluralism inevitably engenders.
Effects of SR-BI rs5888 and rs4238001 variations on hypertension
Authors: Çaykara Burcu , Alsaadoni Hani , Hanım Pençe Halime , Pençe Sadrettin , Yılmaz Aydoğan Hülya , Şabançelebi Sibel , Yıldız Ahmet 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Scavenger receptor class B, type I (SR-BI), involved in reverse cholesterol pathway, is a multilipoprotein receptor and capable of binding HDL, LDL and VLDL. SR-BI may contribute to the development of hypertension due to accumulation of cholesterol in the vessel wall via transporting lipoproteins. Therefore, it was aimed to investigate the relationship between SR-BI rs5888 and rs4238001 variants in the patient with hypertension.

Materials and methods
Seventy three subjects diagnosed with hypertension and 76 healthy subjects constituted the patient and control group, respectively. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood samples and a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction protocol was performed to detect variations of rs5888 and rs4238001. The results were analyzed with the SPSS 22 program and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results and discussion
SR-BI rs4238001 variation did not show significant difference between patient and control group (p > 0.05). In the SR-BI rs5888 variation; normal homozygous CC and heterozygous CT carriers had an average 2-fold lower risk of hypertension than those carrying the TT genotype (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
SR-BI rs5888 TT variant may increase hypertension risk by reducing lipid transport to the liver from the vessel wall.
CaPtIn4 – an intergrowth variant of CaPtIn2 and indium slabs
Authors: Heying Birgit , Kösters Jutta , Pöttgen Rainer 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The indium-rich intermetallic compound CaPtIn4 is formed in a peritectic reaction of CaPtIn2 and indium metal at T = 670 K (14 days annealing). CaPtIn4 crystallizes with the YNiAl4-type structure, space group Cmcm, which was refined from single crystal X-ray diffractometer data: a = 446.3(5), b = 1659.50(18), c = 756.8(8) pm, wR2 = 0.0646, 640 F
2 values and 24 variables. Geometrically one can describe the CaPtIn4 structure as an intergrowth variant of CaPtIn2 (MgCuAl2 type) and indium slabs. The three-dimensional [PtIn4] polyanionic network shows short Pt–In distances of 269–280 pm and a broader range of In–In distances (304–378 pm) within substantially distorted In@In8 cubes.
Stem Cell Injections for Musculoskeletal Pathology: An Overview for the Sports Medicine Professional
Authors: Kolber Morey J. , Purita Joseph , Sterling Bryan , Stermer Jaclyn , Salamh Paul , Masaracchio Michael , Hanney William J. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Stem cell injections are a promising nonsurgical biological intervention that seek to augment the body's self-healing capacity. Owing to a growing range of clinical indications and excellent safety profile, sports medicine professionals are likely to encounter individuals who received or are considering stem cell injections. This column provides an overview of stem cell injection procedures, biological mechanisms, and evidence underpinning the potential utility of these interventions for musculoskeletal disorders.
Femoroacetabular Impingement: Why Movement Literacy Matters
Authors: Terrell Sara Lynn , Lynch James M. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is characterized by pathologic contact during hip range of motion. Morphological variations of FAI present as either an acetabular overcoverage (PINCERFAI), spherical femoral deformity (CAM FAI), or both. Such morphological changes often elicit discomfort with aggravating movements most noted in hip flexion, adduction, and internal rotation (FADIR). Etiology of the CAM deformity may be linked to force loads experienced during formative bone growth periods in youth and adolescent athletes. Continued exploration of CAM FAI etiology may provide evidence for strength and conditioning professionals to carefully consider exercise training selection to promote movement literacy in youth populations.
Role of the Chromosome Architectural Factor SMCHD1 in X-Chromosome Inactivation, Gene Regulation, and Disease in Humans
Authors: Wang Chen-Yu , Brand Harrison , Shaw Natalie D , Talkowski Michael E , Lee Jeannie T 
Published: August 2019

AbstractStructural maintenance of chromosomes flexible hinge domain-containing l (SMCHDl) is an architectural factor critical for X chromosome inactivation (XCI). In mice, loss of all Smchdl causes female-specific embryonic lethality due to an XCI defect. However...Structural maintenance of chromosomes flexible hinge domain-containing 1 (SMCHD1) is an architectural factor critical for X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) and the repression of select autosomal gene clusters. In mice, homozygous nonsense mutations in Smchd1 cause female-specific embryonic lethality due to an XCI defect. However, although human mutations in SMCHD1 are associated with congenital arhinia and facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy type 2 (FSHD2), the diseases do not show a sex-specific bias, despite the essential nature of XCI in humans. To investigate whether there is a dosage imbalance for the sex chromosomes, we here analyze transcriptomic data from arhinia and FSHD2 patient blood and muscle cells. We find that X-linked dosage compensation is maintained in these patients. In mice, SMCHD1 controls not only protocadherin (Pcdh) gene clusters, but also Hox genes critical for craniofacial development. Ablating Smchd1 results in aberrant expression of these genes, coinciding with altered chromatin states and three-dimensional (3D) topological organization. In a subset of FSHD2 and arhinia patients, we also found dysregulation of clustered PCDH, but not HOX genes. Overall, our study demonstrates preservation of XCI in arhinia and FSHD2, and implicates SMCHD1 in the regulation of the 3D organization of select autosomal gene clusters.
Considering the Living Law as A Source in National Legal Development
Authors: Hamzani Achmad Irwan , Aravik Havis , Mukhidin Mukhidin , Praptono Eddy 
Published: August 2019

The construction of national law is one of the projects that has not been completed to this day in the Indonesian law. Legal development should ideally pay attention to existing legal sources, especially laws that have become community culture. The results of this study show that legal development must be able to produce legal product reforms to replace the Dutch colonial legacy regulations that do not reflect the values and interests of the Indonesian people and encourage the growth of government and national development activities that originate from Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution. Incorporating the living law in the development of national law is an accommodative policy so that the national law produced is truly a product that is able to protect and protect all heterogeneous components of the Indonesian nation with their different backgrounds and legal needs Keyword: The living law, the source of law, the development of national law, Islamic law
Prevention Model of Disguised Crime in Indonesian Banking Facing the Deviation Actions of The Credit Use/Side Streaming by Debtor; Theoretical Review On Risk Management Of Default Due To Side Streaming
Authors: Yani Mas Ahmad , Mustofa Muhammad 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to explore and conduct a systematical research through reading materials (researching by reading) on the possibility of prevention steps to prevent or reduce the Deviation Actions of the Credit Use (Side Streaming) by Debtor in the Problem of Banking Credit Facilities Utilization in Indonesia. This paper is constructed by referring to one step of researching conducted by Ian Crow and Natasha Semmens in “Researching Criminology” (2006). It is stated that in researching by reading there are three approaches, they are (1) process of literature review; (2) process of reading and utilizing other people research findings; and (3) process of data analysis which is not used in researches, for example data taken from a writing in a newspaper or other mass media called content analysis. This research concludes that : side streaming as a form of WCC and criminogenic with its fraudulent misrepresentation mode. Although the mode has been regulated in Law of Crime, the actions of side streaming has not been set up in banking crime actions in Indonesia. For the time being, side streaming occurs due to the availability of chances or opportunities and the possibility of using it to hide fraudulent misrepresentation actions. Keyword: side streaming, criminal banking, fraudulent misrepresentation, enterprise risk management, white collar crime, isolation, rational choice.
Designing Preferences, Beliefs, and Identities for Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Conitzer Vincent 
Published: August 2019

Research in artificial intelligence, as well as in economics and other related fields, generally proceeds from the premise that each agent has a well-defined identity, well-defined preferences over outcomes, and well-defined beliefs about the world. However, as we design AI systems, we in fact need to specify where the boundaries between one agent and another in the system lie, what objective functions these agents aim to maximize, and to some extent even what belief formation processes they use.
The premise of this paper is that as AI is being broadly deployed in the world, we need well-founded theories of, and methodologies and algorithms for, how to design preferences, identities, and beliefs. This paper lays out an approach to address these problems from a rigorous foundation in decision theory, game theory, social choice theory, and the algorithmic and computational aspects of these fields.