bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Absence of ferromagnetism in ferroelectric Mn‐doped BaTiO3 nanofibers
Authors: Maldonado‐Orozco María C. , Ochoa‐Lara Martha T. , Sosa‐Márquez Jesús E. , Talamantes‐Soto Roberto P. , Hurtado‐Macías Abel , López Antón Ricardo , González Juan A. , Holguín‐Momaca José T. , Olive‐Méndez Sion F. , Espinosa‐Magaña Francisco 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPure and Mn‐doped barium titanate nanofibers were synthesized by the electrospinning method. The morphology, microstructure and crystal structure of as‐spun and annealed composite nanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. After annealing at 850°C, we obtain nanofibers a few μm long, formed by nanoparticles of irregular shape with sizes around 100 nm. X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy show that a partial phase transition from tetragonal to hexagonal takes place for BaTi0.90Mn0.10O3. Vibrational phonon modes were calculated for BaTiO3 within the density functional theory (DFT) framework. Ferroelectricity has been probed on pure and Mn‐doped BaTiO3 nanofibers, by means of piezoresponse force microscopy in an atomic force microscope, confirming the polar domain switching behavior of the fibers. The measured piezoelectric coefficient d33 were 31 and 22 pm/V for BaTiO3 and BaTi0.90Mn0.10O3. Magnetic properties of the samples were probed in a superconducting quantum interference device. Diamagnetic and paramagnetic behaviors were found in pure and Mn‐doped samples, respectively.
The compounding consequences of wildfire and climate change for a high‐elevation wildflower (Saxifraga austromontana)
Authors: Bloom Trevor D.S. , Flower Aquila , Medler Michael , DeChaine Eric G. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimHigh‐elevation plants are disproportionally affected by climate change. As temperatures rise, the amount of available alpine habitat in the Rocky Mountains will decrease resulting in potential local extinctions of plant species. In addition to the direct effects of climate‐driven habitat loss, alpine plants must also respond to indirect effects, such as changes in disturbance regimes. One notable shift is the increase of wildfire frequency in regions where fire was previously rare or absent, including the alpine. We hypothesized that direct climatic changes compounded with increased wildfire frequency will reduce the future suitable habitat of high‐elevation plants more than if climate was considered alone.LocationRocky Mountain Floristic Region, western North America.TaxonSaxifraga austromontana (Saxifragaceae), a wildflower endemic to high elevations of the Rocky Mountain Floristic Region.MethodsOur approach integrated historical herbarium records, field surveys, remote sensing, species distribution models, historic wildfire data, and predictive models.ResultsOur results indicate wildfire has significantly reduced the abundance and increased the likelihood of extirpation for S. austromontana. Increased fire frequency compounded with direct climatic changes will likely reduce the range of the species by approximately 43% by 2050 compared to 38% due to climate alone, under a moderate CO2 emissions scenario. The influence of wildfire varies regionally. For instance, the Middle Rockies will likely lose 74% of its suitable habitat of which 16% may be lost due to fire, while other regions, such as the northern range, will be less negatively affected by direct and indirect effects.Main ConclusionsOur evidence that increased wildfire frequency will compound the impacts of climate change on alpine taxa in North America led to the development of a new, general hypothesis on the fundamental interaction between direct and indirect effects of climate change on species range reductions.
Learning linkages: Integrating data streams of multiple modalities and timescales
Authors: Liu Ran , Stamper John , Davenport Jodi , Crossley Scott , McNamara Danielle , Nzinga Kalonji , Sherin Bruce 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIncreasingly, student work is being conducted on computers and online, producing vast amounts of learning‐related data. The educational analytics fields have produced many insights about learning based solely on tutoring systems' automatically logged data, or “log data.” But log data leave out important contextual information about the learning experience. For example, a student working at a computer might be working independently with few outside influences. Alternatively, he or she might be in a lively classroom, with other students around, talking and offering suggestions. Tools that capture these other experiences have potential to augment and complement log data. However, the collection of rich, multimodal data streams and the increased complexity and heterogeneity in the resulting data pose many challenges to researchers. Here, we present two empirical studies that take advantage of multimodal data sources to enrich our understanding of student learning. We leverage and extend quantitative models of student learning to incorporate insights derived jointly from data collected in multiple modalities (log data, video, and high‐fidelity audio) and contexts (individual vs. collaborative classroom learning). We discuss the unique benefits of multimodal data and present methods that take advantage of such benefits while easing the burden on researchers' time and effort.
Child maltreatment in autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability: results from a population‐based sample
Authors: McDonnell Christina G. , Boan Andrea D. , Bradley Catherine C. , Seay Kristen D. , Charles Jane M. , Carpenter Laura A. 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundChildren with developmental disabilities are at heightened risk for maltreatment. However, little is known regarding the prevalence of maltreatment among specific groups, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and/or intellectual disability (ID). Information about maltreatment in these groups can aid in the development of supports and prevention strategies for vulnerable children and their families.MethodsUsing record linkage between the Department of Social Services (DSS) and the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) network, this study compares the prevalence and characteristics of maltreatment among children with ASD‐only (n = 316), ASD and comorbid ID (ASD+ID; n = 291), ID‐only (n = 1,280), and controls (n = 3,101). Behavioral correlates of maltreatment are examined.ResultsControlling for demographic factors, this study found significantly higher odds of reported and substantiated maltreatment among children with ASD‐only (odds ratio = 1.86 for reported, 1.51 for substantiated), ASD+ID (odds ratio = 2.35 for reported, 1.97 for substantiated), and ID‐only (odds ratio = 2.45 for reported, 2.49 for substantiated) relative to a population control group, with large effects. In particular, children with ASD+ID and ID‐only were between two and three times more likely to experience maltreatment. All groups were more likely to experience physical neglect, and children in the ASD+ID and ID‐only groups were more likely to experience all forms of abuse. Children in the ASD‐only group were more likely to experience physical abuse. Maltreated children in the ASD‐only and ID‐only groups experienced more cases of physical abuse and neglect, and were victimized by more perpetrators compared to other maltreated youth. Maltreatment was associated with higher likelihood of aggression, hyperactivity, and tantrums for children with ASD.ConclusionsChildren with ASD and/or ID are at heightened risk for maltreatment. Empirically‐supported assessment and intervention approaches for identifying and addressing traumatic stress related to maltreatment in ASD are urgently needed.
The missing segment of the autopod 1st ray: new insights from a morphometric study of the human hand
Authors: Pazzaglia Ugo E. , Sibilia Valeria , Casati Lavinia , Salvi Andrea G. , Minini Andrea , Reguzzoni Marcella 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWhether the 1st segment of the human autopod 1st ray is a ‘true’ metapodial with loss of the proximal or mid phalanx or the original basal phalanx with loss of the metacarpal has been a long‐lasting discussion. The actual knowledge of the developmental pattern of upper autopod segments at a fetal age of 20–22 weeks, combined with X‐ray morphometry of normal long bones of the hand in the growing ages, was used for analysis of the parameters, percentage length, position of epiphyseal ossification centers and proximal/distal growth rate. The symmetric growth pattern in the fetal anlagen changed to unidirectional in the postnatal development in relation to epiphyseal ossification formation. The percentage length assessment, the distribution of the epiphyseal ossification centers, and differential proximal/distal growth rate among the growing hand segments supported homology of most proximal segment of the thumb with the 2nd–5th proximal phalanges and that of the proximal phalanx of the thumb with the 2nd–5th mid phalanges in the same hand. Published case reports of either metanalysis of ‘triphalangeal thumb’ and ‘proximal/distal epiphyseal ossification centers’ were used to support the applied morphometric methodology; in particular, the latter did not give evidence of growth pattern inversion of the proximal segment of the thumb. The presented data support the hypothesis that during evolution, the lost segment of the autopod 1st ray is the metacarpal.
Impact of comorbidity on disease characteristics, treatment intent and outcome in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma: a Swedish lymphoma register study
Authors: Wästerlid T. , Mohammadi M. , Smedby K. E. , Glimelius I. , Jerkeman M. , Bottai M. , Eloranta S. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundComorbidity impacts overall survival amongst patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL). However, associations of comorbidity with lymphoma characteristics, treatment selection and lymphoma‐specific mortality are less well known.ObjectiveTo examine the impact of comorbidity on DLBCL characteristics, treatment intent and cause of death.MethodsWe identified 3905 adult patients diagnosed with DLBCL 2007–2013 through the Swedish Lymphoma Register. We assessed comorbid disease history according to the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI). Comorbidity data and causes of death were collected through register linkage. Associations were estimated using multinomial regression and flexible parametric survival models.ResultsOverall, 45% of the patients (n = 1737) had a history of at least one comorbidity at DLBCL diagnosis (cardiovascular disease, diabetes and solid cancer were most frequent), and 997 (26%) had a CCI score of ≥2. The relative probability of presenting with poor performance status (PS > 2) was higher amongst comorbid patients [Relative Risk Ratio (RRR)PS>2: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.63–2.51]. Comorbid patients had a substantially lower relative probability of receiving curative treatment (RRR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.38–0.61). Amongst all patients, CCI ≥ 1 was associated with a significantly increased risk of all‐cause and lymphoma‐specific death after adjustments. Amongst patients selected for curative treatment, comorbidity was associated with an increased risk of all‐cause death (HRCCI>1: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.32–1.80), but not with lymphoma‐specific death (HRCCI>1: 1.05, 95% CI: 0.86–1.28).ConclusionComorbidity is associated with inferior DLBCL outcome, mainly due to a lower likelihood of receiving treatment with curative intent. Possibly, more comorbid DLBCL patients could be treated with curative intent if comorbid conditions were optimized in parallel.
Harried and Unhealthy? Parenthood, Time Pressure, and Mental Health
Authors: Ruppanner Leah , Perales Francisco , Baxter Janeen 
Published: October 2018

Objective: This study investigates the effects of first and second births on time pressure and mental health and how these vary with time since birth and parental responsibilities. It also examines whether time pressure mediates the relationship between parenthood and mental health.Background: Childbirth is a major life course transition that adds a new role to parents' role set and contributes to role strain, of which time pressure is one manifestation. Longitudinal analyses can help determine whether the impact of children on parental time pressure endures or eases over time and whether any changes affect parents' mental health.Method: This study uses 16 years of panel data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey (n = 20,009 individuals). The data are modeled using fixed effects panel regression models.Results: First and second births increase time pressure to a similar extent. Their estimated effects are larger for women than men and persist over time, but there is limited evidence of moderation by parental responsibilities. Maternal mental health improves after a first child, whereas second children are associated with declines in paternal mental health. These effects are long lasting. Mediation analyses suggest that in the absence of time pressure maternal mental health would improve significantly.Conclusion: Children have a stronger effect on mothers' than fathers' experiences of time pressure. These differences are not moderated by changes in parental responsibilities or work time following births. The increased time pressure associated with second births explains mothers' worse mental health.Implications Parenthood is an important factor underpinning gendered experiences of time pressure. Reducing time pressure among parents may improve parental mental health, particularly among mothers.
Long‐term ingestion of low amylose/amylopectin ratio diet affects aspects of meat quality by changing muscle fibre characteristics in growing‐finishing pigs
Authors: Yang Can , He Jun , Yu Bing , Chen Daiwen , Mao XiangBing , Yu Jie , Yin Yulong 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAmylose plays important role in body health. It is controversial whether changing dietary amylose/amylopectin ratio (DAR) will improve meat quality in growing‐finishing pigs. A total of 48 Duroc × Landrace × Large White castrated male pigs (initial body weight 49.8 ± 2.8 kg) were randomly allotted to two treatments, and fed ad libitum either with a low DAR diet (LR, amylose/amylopectin: 12/88) or a high DAR diet (HR, amylose/amylopectin: 30/70) for 68 days. Feed intake was recorded every day, body weight was weighed at 46th and 68th day to calculate average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and Feed:gain ratio. Blood was collected at −30 min (fasting 12 hr), 60, 90, 120, 180 min postprandial at 64th day and then serum was obtained by centrifugation of blood at 1,500× g at 4°C. After pigs were slaughtered, samples such as longissimus dorsi, iliopsoas and semitendinosus were collected. Density, diameter and types of muscle fibres were analysed. Results showed that ADG, ADFI, Feed:Gain ratio, cross‐sectional area of longissimus dorsi muscle, backfat thickness, colour scores were not affected by DAR. Ingestion of LR diet increased the fasting glucose (p < 0.05) and insulin (p < 0.05) concentrations in serum. The drip loss and firmness were decreased significantly in LR vs. HR animals (p < 0.05). Densities of muscle fibre in longissimus dorsi, iliopsoas and semitendinosus were greater in LR pigs (p < 0.05). Moreover, ingestion of LR diet significantly increased myosin heavy chain (MyHC) IIa mRNA level and decreased MyHC IIb gene expression in longissimus dorsi muscle (LM) (p < 0.05). Therefore, intake of diet low in amylose/amylopectin ratio induces a better meat quality (lower drip loss and lower firmness), which could attribute to smaller myofibres, a shift to slower and/or more oxidative fibres.
Effects of vitamin E supplementation on performance, serum biochemical parameters and fatty acid composition of egg yolk in laying hens fed a diet containing ageing corn
Authors: Mu Yadong , Zhang Keying , Bai Shiping , Wang Jian Ping , Zeng Qiufeng , Ding Xuemei 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis study investigated whether dietary vitamin E (VE) supplementation could alleviate any detrimental effects of ageing corn in the diet for laying hens on egg performance, egg quality, serum biochemical parameters, cholesterol content and the fatty acid (FA) profile of egg yolks. The experiment consisted of a 2 × 3 factorial design with two corn types (normal corn and ageing corn) and three concentrations of VE (0, 20 and 100 IU/kg). A total of 216 Lohmann laying hens (50‐week‐old) were randomly allocated into six treatment diets for 12 week. Each treatment had six replicates with six hens. The results showed that ageing corn significantly reduced average daily feed intake (ADFI; p < 0.01) and egg weight (p < 0.05). Dietary VE supplementation had no significant influences on egg production performance (p > 0.05). Egg yolk colour was decreased in ageing corn diets (p < 0.01), while 20 and 100 IU/kg VE significantly improved vitelline membrane strength (p < 0.01) compared with feeding of 0 IU/kg VE. Ageing corn also significantly decreased the content of cholesterol including total cholesterol (TC; p < 0.05), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C; p < 0.01) and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL‐C; p < 0.05) in the serum. Feeding 100 IU/kg VE significantly increased the content of LDL‐C (p < 0.01) and VLDL‐C (p < 0.05) in the serum. Furthermore, the content of the oleic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and total monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) was lower (p < 0.05) and stearic acid and total saturated fatty acid (SFA) was higher (p < 0.05) in egg yolks in ageing corn diets. Ageing corn resulted in reduced feed intake, egg weights and yolk colour, but the effects of VE supplementation were independent of those of age of corn and were unable to counteract the negative effects of feeding ageing corn.
Differential Effect of Two Mental Stress Tasks on Arterial Stiffness
Authors: Matsumura Kenta , Noguchi Hiroko , Rolfe Peter , Yamakoshi Takehiro , Matsuoka Yutaka 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAcute mental stress is believed to induce transient arterial dysfunction, but relatively few data are available. We therefore examined the effect of mental stress tasks that could induce differential hemodynamic responses on arterial dysfunction. Forty‐eight participants conducted either a mental arithmetic (MA) task or a mirror‐tracing (MT) task. Cardiovascular indices and arterial stiffness were measured before, during, and after these tasks. Analysis revealed that increases in arterial stiffness during the task and during recovery were more pronounced for the MA than for the MT, and that evoked hemodynamic response was more myocardial for MA than for MT. These results clearly show that MA and MT tasks that induce differential hemodynamic responses have a differential effect on arterial stiffness. This finding sheds light on the underlying mechanism that may account for the relationship between cardiovascular reactivity and cardiovascular disease.
Diversity in the section Compressa of the genus Chaetoceros (Bacillariophyceae), with description of two new species from Chinese warm waters
Authors: Xu Xiao Jing , Chen Zuo Yi , Lundholm Nina , Li Yang 
Published: October 2018

Monoclonal strains of Chaetoceros species were collected from Chinese warm waters. Vegetative cells and resting spores were examined using light microscopy as well as scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Combined morphological and DNA sequence data from the hypervariable D1–D3 region of the nuclear ribosomal large subunit showed the presence of two new species within the section Compressa, herein described as Chaetoceros bifurcatus sp. nov. and C. millipedarius sp. nov. Both species possessed features typical of the section Compressa, but C. bifurcatus was characterized by the heavy intercalary setae fusing and extending together for a distance before diverging. The heavy setae were not visually contorted, lacking poroids and spines, in contrast with how the section Compressa has been defined. Chaetoceros millipedarius was characterized by a horizontal stagger of ordinary intercalary setae when the chain was seen in broad girdle view, making the chain look like a millipede. The two new species were supported by molecular phylogenetic analyses with C. bifurcatus sister to C. contortus var. ornatus, while C. millipedarius was sister to C. contortus var. contortus. Based on the morphological features exhibited in C. bifurcatus, the diagnosis of the section Compressa was emended to exclude “contorted” heavy setae and compressed valve faces.
Supporting parental caregivers of children living with life‐threatening or life‐limiting illnesses: A Delphi study
Authors: Smith Nicole R. , Bally Jill M. G. , Holtslander Lorraine , Peacock Shelley , Spurr Shelley , Hodgson‐Viden Heather , Mpofu Christopher , Zimmer Marcelline 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of a child s life‐limiting or life‐threatening illness is significant on parents who experience a great deal of emotional, physical, and spiritual upheaval. Hope has been identified as an important inner resource for parental caregivers. Specifically, parental hope has been described as having four subproceses including Accepting Reality, Establishing Control, Restructuring Hope, and Purposive Positive Thinking. Purpose: The purpose of this Delphi study was to gather expert opinions from parents and formal care providers about the four subproceses essential to parental hope, to increase understanding of parental caregivers current support needs. As Phase one of a three‐phase study, the findings provided direction in the development of a theory‐based hope intervention.Design and MethodsA Delphi study consisting of three rounds of survey questions and controlled feedback to experts was employed. Experts suggested strategies for each subprocess and ranked them in order of highest to lowest according to feasibility and effectiveness.ResultsSixty‐eight experts consisting of parental caregivers of children diagnosed with life‐limiting or life‐threatening illnesses and those who care for them (community members, nurses, social workers, and physicians) were recruited to participate. Through three rounds of survey questions, response rates ranged from 92–97%. A consensus revealed eight major themes that support parental hope: Organize Basic Needs; Connect with Others; Prioritize Self‐care; Obtain Meaningful Information; Take Things Day by Day; Advocate for Parental Participation; Manifest Positivity; and Celebrate Milestones.Practice ImplicationsThis study identified a wide variety of psychosocial needs for parental caregivers. Results also offered direction for a theory‐based hope intervention while highlighting the need for additional research in this area. These results will provide the foundation for a booklet parents can work through in their journey of caring for a child with a life‐limiting or life‐threatening illness.