bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poorly Differentiated Primary Carcinoma of the Middle Ear on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Nemer John S. , Hsieh Meng-Chieh P. , Chen Diane , O'Toole Kathleen M. , Yeh Randy 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPrimary carcinoma of the middle ear is extremely rare. A 41-year-old woman with a history of skull base osteomyelitis and chronic suppurative right otitis media presented with 1 month of right-sided facial droop, tearing, and headaches. Initial head CT revealed bony destruction and soft tissue opacification involving the right middle ear. Surgical biopsy yielded poorly differentiated carcinoma. Subsequent18F-FDG PET/CT and MRI scans demonstrated FDG-avid soft tissue in the right middle ear with associated heterogeneously enhancing soft tissue on MRI.
Multiple Intravascular Papillary Endothelial Hyperplasia of Bone Mimicking Malignancy on 99mTc-MDP Bone Scan and 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Tang Kun , Sun Wenwen , Lin Jie , Wang Ling 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Multiple intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia involved with bone is rare. In this study, we present the case of a 53-year-old woman having occasional chest pains located in the middle of the sternum and the left chest wall. Multiple intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia lesions with high metabolism distributed in the sternum, left ribs, 12th thoracic vertebra, and left ilium on bone scintigraphy as well as PET/CT, which were easily misdiagnosed as bone malignant tumors. Increased awareness of this benign lesion and its high metabolic findings will improve preoperative diagnosis and avoid misinterpretation that may lead to an unnecessary invasive treatment.
Whole-Body Vibration Increases Cardiopulmonary Performance in the Elderly
Authors: Pessoa Maíra Florentino , Brandão Daniella Cunha , de Sá Rafaela Barros , Aguiar Maria Inês R. , de Souza Helga Cecília Muniz , de Melo Barcelar Jacqueline , Reinaux Cyda Maria Albuquerque , de Andrade Armele Dornelas 
Published: October 2018

Aim:
To evaluate the effects of whole-body vibration (WBV) on ergospirometric variables in the elderly.

Methods:
A total of 31 elderly people were randomly assigned to 1 of the 3 groups—resistance, WBV, WBV + resistance—training twice per week, 3 months, evaluating ventilatory thresholds by ergospirometry and peripheral strength.

Results:
WBV groups increased

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2 after training when compared to the resistance group (25.2 ± 1.6 in WBV with P < .001 and 25.2 ± 3.2 in WBV + resistance with P < .001), as the percentage heart rate reserve (resistance = 27%; WBV = 48.4%; and WBV + resistance = 49.9%).

Conclusions:
In the elderly, WBV increased strength and

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2max, combining into a single program both aerobic and resistance workouts.
Stochastic electromagnetic field propagation— measurement and modelling
Authors: Gradoni Gabriele , Russer Johannes , Baharuddin Mohd Hafiz , Haider Michael , Russer Peter , Smartt Christopher , Creagh Stephen C. , Tanner Gregor , Thomas David W. P. 
Published: October 2018

This paper reviews recent progress in the measurement and modelling of stochastic electromagnetic fields, focusing on propagation approaches based on Wigner functions and the method of moments technique. The respective propagation methods are exemplified by application to measurements of electromagnetic emissions from a stirred, cavity-backed aperture. We discuss early elements of statistical electromagnetics in Heaviside's papers, driven mainly by an analogy of electromagnetic wave propagation with heat transfer. These ideas include concepts of momentum and directionality in the realm of propagation through confined media with irregular boundaries. We then review and extend concepts using Wigner functions to propagate the statistical properties of electromagnetic fields. We discuss in particular how to include polarization in this formalism leading to a Wigner tensor formulation and a relation to an averaged Poynting vector.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Celebrating 125 years of Oliver Heaviside's ‘Electromagnetic Theory’’.
Signatures of cell death and proliferation in perturbation transcriptomics data - from confounding factor to effective prediction
Authors: Szalai Bence , Subramanian Vigneshwari , Alföldi Róbert , Puskás László G. , Saez-Rodriguez Julio 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTranscriptomics perturbation signatures are valuable data sources for functional genomic studies. They can be effectively used to identify mechanism of action for new compounds and to infer functional activity of different cellular processes. Linking perturbation signatures to phenotypic studies opens up the possibility to model selected cellular phenotypes from gene expression data and to predict drugs interfering with the phenotype. At the same time, close association of transcriptomics changes with phenotypes can potentially mask the compound specific signatures. By linking perturbation transcriptomics data from the LINCS-L1000 project with cell viability phenotypic information upon genetic (from Achilles project) and chemical (from CTRP screen) perturbations for more than 90,000 signature - cell viability pairs, we show here that a cell death signature is a major factor behind perturbation signatures. We use this relationship to effectively predict cell viability from transcriptomics signatures, and identify and experimentally validate compounds that induce either cell death or proliferation. We also show that cellular toxicity can lead to an unexpected similarity of toxic compound signatures confounding the mechanism of action discovery. Consensus compound signatures predict cell-specific anti-cancer drug sensitivity, even if the drug signature is not measured in the same cell line. These signatures outperform conventional drug-specific features like nominal target and chemical fingerprints. Our results can help removing confounding factors of large scale transcriptomics perturbation screens and show that expression signatures boost prediction of drug sensitivity.
Mouse Genome-Wide Association and Systems Genetics IdentifiesLhfpas a Regulator of Bone Mass
Authors: Mesner Larry D. , Calabrese Gina , Al-Barghouthi Basel , Gatti Daniel M. , Sundberg John P. , Churchill Gary A. , Godfrey Dana. A. , Ackert-Bicknell Cheryl L. , Farber Charles R. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTBone mineral density (BMD) is a strong predictor of osteoporotic fracture. It is also one of the most heritable disease-associated quantitative traits. As a result, there has been considerable effort focused on dissecting its genetic basis. Here, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in a panel of inbred strains to identify associations influencing BMD. This analysis identified a significant (P=3.1 x 10−12) BMD locus on Chromosome 3@52.5 Mbp that replicated in two seperate inbred strain panels and overlapped a BMD quantitative trait locus (QTL) previously identified in a F2 intercross. The association mapped to a 300 Kbp region containing four genes;Gm2447, Gm20750, Cog6, andLhfp. Further analysis found that Lipoma HMGIC Fusion Partner (Lhfp) was highly expressed in bone and osteoblasts and its expression was regulated by local expression QTL (eQTL) in multiple tissues. A co-expression network analysis revealed thatLhfpwas strongly connected to genes involved in osteoblast differentiation. To directly evaluate its role in bone,Lhfpdeficient mice (Lhfp−/−) were created using CRISPR/Cas9. Consistent with genetic and network predictions, bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) fromLhfp−/−displayed increased osteogenic differentiation.Lfhp−/−mice also had elevated BMD due to increased cortical bone mass. In conclusion, we used GWAS and systems genetics in mice to identifyLhfpas a regulator of osteoblast activity and bone mass.
Therapeutic blockade of Activin-A improves NK cell function and anti-tumor immunity
Authors: Rautela Jai , Dagley Laura F. , Schuster Iona S. , Hediyeh-Zadeh Soroor , Delconte Rebecca B. , Cursons Joseph , Hennessy Robert , Hutchinson Dana S. , Harrison Craig , de Oliveira Carolina C. , Vivier Eric , Webb Andrew I. , Degli-Esposti Mariapia A. , Davis Melissa J. , Huntington Nicholas D. , Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes Fernando 
Published: October 2018

AbstractNatural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that play a major role in immunosurveillance against tumor initiation and metastasis spread. Signals and checkpoints that regulate NK cell fitness and function in the tumor microenvironment are not well defined. Transforming grow factor (TGF)-β is a recognized suppressor of NK cells that inhibits IL-15 dependent signaling events and induces cellular transdifferentiation, however the role of other SMAD signaling pathways in NK cells is unknown. In this report, we show that NK cells express the type I Activin receptor, ALK4, which upon binding its ligand Activin-A, phosphorylates SMAD2/3 to efficiently suppress IL-15-mediated NK cell metabolism. Activin-A impairs human and mouse NK cell proliferation and downregulates intracellular granzyme B levels to impair tumor killing. Similar to TGF-β, Activin-A also induced SMAD2/3 phosphorylation and drove NK cells to upregulate several ILC1-like surface markers including CD69, TRAIL and CD49a. Activin-A also induced these changes on TGF-β receptor deficient NK cells, highlighting that Activin-A and TGF-β are independent pathways that drive SMAD2/3-mediated NK cell suppression. Finally, therapeutic inhibition of Activin-A by Follistatin significantly slowed orthotopic melanoma growth in mice. These data highlight independent SMAD2/3 pathways target NK cell fitness and function and identify a novel therapeutic axis to promote tumor immunity.One Sentence Summary:Activin-A can directly inhibit NK cell effector functions, promote NK cells transdifferentiation into ILC1-like cells and suppress anti-melanoma immunity.
Dynamic evolutionary history and gene content of sex chromosomes across diverse songbirds
Authors: Xu Luo-hao , Auer Gabriel , Peona Valentina , Suh Alexander , Deng Yuan , Feng Shao-hong , Zhang Guo-jie , Blom Mozes P.K. , Christidis Les , Prost Stefan , Irestedt Martin , Zhou Qi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSongbirds have a species number almost equivalent to that of mammals, and are classic models for studying mechanisms of speciation and sexual selection. Sex chromosomes are hotspots of both processes, yet their evolutionary history in songbirds remains unclear. To elucidate that, we characterize female genomes of 11 songbird species having ZW sex chromosomes, with 5 genomes of bird-of-paradise species newly produced in this work. We conclude that songbird sex chromosomes have undergone at least four steps of recombination suppression before their species radiation, producing a gradient pattern of pairwise sequence divergence termed ‘evolutionary strata’. Interestingly, the latest stratum probably emerged due to a songbird-specific burst of retrotransposon CR1-E1 elements at its boundary, or chromosome inversion on the W chromosome. The formation of evolutionary strata has reshaped the genomic architecture of both sex chromosomes. We find stepwise variations of Z-linked inversions, repeat and GC contents, as well as W-linked gene loss rate that are associated with the age of strata. Over 30 W-linked genes have been preserved for their essential functions, indicated by their higher and broader expression of orthologs in lizard than those of other sex-linked genes. We also find a different degree of accelerated evolution of Z-linked genes vs. autosomal genes among different species, potentially reflecting their diversified intensity of sexual selection. Our results uncover the dynamic evolutionary history of songbird sex chromosomes, and provide novel insights into the mechanisms of recombination suppression.
Wolbachia pipientisoccurs inAedes aegyptipopulations in New Mexico and Florida, USA
Authors: Kulkarni Aditi , Yu Wanqin , Jiang Jinjin , Sanchez Concepcion , Karna Ajit K. , Martinez Kalli J.L. , Hanley Kathryn A. , Buenemann Michaela , Hansen Immo A. , Xue Rui-de , Ettestad Paul , Melman Sandra , Duguma Dagne , Debboun Mustapha , Xu Jiannong 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThe mosquitoesAedes aegypti(L.) andAe. albopictusSkuse are the major vectors of dengue, Zika, yellow fever and chikungunya viruses worldwide.Wolbachia, an endosymbiotic bacterium present in many insects, is being utilized in novel vector control strategies to manipulate mosquito life history and vector competence to curb virus transmission. Earlier studies have found thatWolbachiais commonly detected inAe.albopictusbut rarely detected inAe. aegypti. In this study, we used a two-step PCR assay to detectWolbachiain wild-collected samples ofAe. aegypti.The PCR products were sequenced to validate amplicons and identifyWolbachiastrains. A loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay was developed and used for detectingWolbachiain selected mosquito specimens as well. We foundWolbachiain 85/148 (57.4%) wildAe. aegyptispecimens from various cities in New Mexico and in 2/46 (4.3%) from St. Augustine, Florida. We did not detectWolbachiain 94 samples ofAe. aegyptifrom Deer Park, Harris County, Texas.Wolbachiadetected inAe. aegyptifrom both New Mexico and Florida was thewAlbB strain ofWolbachia pipientis.AWolbachiapositive colony ofAe. aegyptiwas established from pupae collected in Las Cruces, New Mexico in 2018. The infected females of this strain transmittedWolbachiato their progeny when crossed with males of Rockefeller strain ofAe. aegypti, which does not carryWolbachia.In contrast, none of the progeny of progeny of Las Cruces males mated to Rockefeller females were infected withWolbachia.
Influence of mutagenic versus non-mutagenic pre-operative chemotherapy on the immune infiltration of breast cancer
Authors: Tőkés Anna-Mária , Rusz Orsolya , Cserni Gábor , Tóth Erika , Rubovszky Gábor , Tőkés Tímea , Vízkeleti Laura , Reiniger Lilla , Kószó Renáta , Kahán Zsuzsanna , Kulka Janina , Donia Marco , Vörös András , Szallasi Zoltan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundChemotherapeutic agents are often mutagenic. Induction of mutation associated neo-epitopes is one of the mechanisms by which chemotherapy is thought to increase the number of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, but the clinical relevance of this triggered immune response is not known.We decided to investigate, whether treatment with various chemotherapeutic agents with significantly different mutagenic capacity induce a significantly different number of stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (StrTIL) in the clinical setting.Methods112 breast carcinoma cases treated with pre-operative chemotherapy were selected for the study. According to chemotherapy regimen 28/112 patients received platinum-based, 42/112 cyclophosphamide-based and 42/112 anthracycline-based chemotherapy. The percentage of stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (StrTIL) was evaluated on hematoxylineosin stained slides of pre-treatment core biopsy (pre-StrTIL) and post-treatment surgical tumor samples (post-StrTIL), according to the most recent recommendation of International TILs Working Group. In survival analyses, TIL changes (ΔStrTIL) were calculated from the difference between post-StrTIL and pre-StrTIL.ResultsOf the 112 cases, 58.0% (n=65) were hormone receptor (HR) positive and 42.0% (n=47) were HR negative. There was a trend of higher post-StrTIL compared to pre-StrTIL (median 6.25% vs. 3.00%; p<0.001). When analyzing the pre-StrTIL and post-StrTIL among the three treatment groups, we experienced significant StrTIL increase independently of the treatment applied. Based on the results of survival analyses both post-StrTIL and ΔStrTIL was found to be independent prognostic factor in HR negative cases. Each 1% increase in post-StrTIL reduced the hazard of distant metastases development by 2.6% (hazard ratio: 0.974; CI: 0.948-1.000; p=0.05) and for each 1% ΔStrTIL increment, the risk of distant metastases was reduced by 4.3% (hazard ratio: 0.957; CI: 0.932-0.983; p=0.001). The prognostic role of StrTIL in HR positive cases could not be proven.ConclusionsStrTIL expression might be stimulated by highly (platinum), moderately (cyclophosphamide) and marginally (taxane, anthracycline) mutagenic chemotherapeutic agents. Increase in StrTIL in residual cancer compared to pre-treatment tumor tissue is associated with improved distant metastasis-free survival in cases with HR negative breast carcinoma.
Trophic consistency of supraspecific taxa in belowground invertebrate communities
Authors: Potapov Anton M. , Scheu Stefan , Tiunov Alexei V. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract1. Animals that have similar morphological traits are expected to share similar ecological niches. This statement applies to individual animals within a species and thus species often serve as the functional units in ecological studies. Species are further grouped into higher-ranked taxonomic units based on their morphological similarity and thus are also expected to be ecologically similar. On the other hand, theory predicts that strong competition between closely related species can lead to differentiation of ecological niches. Due to a high diversity and limited taxonomic expertise, soil food webs are often resolved using supraspecific taxa such as families, orders or even classes as functional units.2. Here we for the first time empirically tested the trophic consistency of supraspecific taxa across major lineages of temperate forest soil invertebrates: Annelida, Chelicerata, Myriapoda, Crustacea and Hexapoda. Published data on stable isotope compositions of carbon and nitrogen were used to infer basal resources and trophic level, and explore the relationship between taxonomic and trophic dissimilarity of local populations.3. Genera and families had normal and unimodal distributions of isotope niches, suggesting that supraspecific taxa are trophically consistent. The isotopic niche of populations across different localities is better predicted by species than by supraspecific taxa. However, within the same genus, the effect of species identity on stable isotope composition of populations was not significant in 92% of cases. The link to basal resources, i.e. plants or detritus, was convergent in different lineages, while trophic levels followed the Brownian motion taxonomic model. Virtually none of the studied taxa showed pronounced trophic niche conservatism within a lineage.4. Supraspecific taxa are meaningful as functional units in ecological studies, but the consistency varies among taxa and thus the choice of taxonomic resolution depends on the research question; generally, identification of taxa should be more detailed in more diverse taxonomic groups. We compiled a comprehensive list of mean Δ13C and Δ15N values of invertebrate taxa from temperate forest soils allowing to refine soil food-web models when identification to species level is not feasible.
Seizure-associated spreading depression is a major feature of ictal events in two animal models of chronic epilepsy
Authors: Bahari Fatemeh , Ssentongo Paddy , Liu Jiayang , Kimbugwe John , Curay Carlos , Schiff Steven J. , Gluckman Bruce J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSpreading depression is characterized by slow, propagating wave of cellular depolarization (SD) and is wildly associated with migraine, stroke, and traumatic brain injury. Seizures and spreading depression (or spreading depolarization, SD) have long been reported to coincide in acute seizure induction experiments. However, SD has not been observed associated with spotaneous seizures in animal or clinical recordings. Recently, advances in acquisition systems for neurointensive care units have made routine observations of SD possible. In clinical epilepsy, SD has been suggested as a candidate mechanism for migraine/headache like events following seizures as well as for post-ictal generalized suppression. In animal models of epilepsy, seizure-induced brainstem SD has also been demonstrated as a mechanism of sudden unexplained death in epilepsy (SUDEP). The interplay between seizures and SD has also been suggested in computational models, where the two are components of the repetoir of neuronal activity.However, the spatiotemporal dynamics of SD with respect to spontaneous seizures in chronically epileptic brain remains ambigous. We analyzed continuous long-term DC sensitive EEG measurements from two fundamentally different animal models of chronic epilepsy. We found that SD was associated with approximately one-third of all spontaneous seizures in each model. Additionally, SDs participated in the organization of seizure clusters. These findings demonstrate that the underlying dynamic of epileptic events is broader than seizures alone.Significance StatementSpreading depression is characterized by slow, propagating wave of cellular spreading depolarization (SD) and is wildly associated with migraine, stroke, and traumatic brain injury. Although recently the linkage between SD and induced seizures has been recognized, the mechanistic relationship between SD and spontaneous seizures remains poorly understood. Here, we utilized long-term, stable, near-DC measurements of the brain activity in two fundamentally different animal models of epilepsy to investigate the SD-seizure interplay. We found that SD is a frequent phenomenon in the epileptic brain, in these models is associated with more than a third of all seizures, and appears to connect seizures in seizure clusters. Although in one model SD stereotypically propagates out from a single focus in the hippocampus, depression of the field-potentials is observed synchronously across much of the hippocampus. These observations highlight the value of stable DC measurements for accurate understanding of SD and its propagation. We found that spontaneous ictal events that include both seizures and SD are frequent in animal models of epilepsy. These findings suggest that SD could be a valuable target for treatment and control of epilepsy.