bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is tilapia farming financially profitable and efficient? Policy options for sustainable farming
Authors: Mukta Mezamun -Ara , Khan Md. Akhtaruzzaman , Mian Md Rais Uddin , Juice Rahat Ahmed 
Published: March 2019

Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is known as ‘fish for the poor’ due to its low market price. However, the question remains about the sustainability of this species because of high production cost and lower market price. Therefore, this study examined the financial profitability, technical efficiency and tried to find out the policy options for increasing the financial benefit of fish farmers. A total of 250 tilapia fish farmers were selected from seven tilapia producing areas of Bangladesh. To fulfill the objectives of this study, profitability, stochastic frontier production function, and sensitivity analysis were employed. Considering all selected farmers, tilapia farming found a profitable business where undiscounted BCR was only1.11. Among all cost items, only feed consists of 70 percent of the total production cost. The mean technical efficiency level of tilapia fish farmers was 85 percent, implies that by operating at full technical efficiency levels, tilapia yield could be increased from the current level of 20.98 to 24.13 tons per hectare and efficient farmers found more productive than inefficient farmers. Farmer’s financial benefit can be increased by reducing the feed price, decreasing FCR or increasing the output price. Feed price reduction or enhance the quality of feed could be effective policy options for sustaining the tilapia farming.
J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 17(1): 92–98, March 2019
Reminiscence from Essay by Leo Tolstoy in Taras Shevchenko’s Story
Authors: Boron Oleksandr 
Published: March 2019

The paper attempts to prove that Shevchenko’s remark in the story “A Walk with Pleasure and Not Without Some Moral” about the fourth bastion during the defense of Sevastopol in the Crimean War derives from the essay by Leo Tolstoy “Sevastopol in December”, as it has been already supposed earlier. The author of the paper focuses on Shevchenko’s awareness of the works by Tolstoy investigating if the Russian magazines in which the works of the Russian prose writer were printed belonged to the reading scope of the Ukrainian writer.
As L. Khinkulov’s version saying that the publication of “The Tale of the Sorrow-Evil” in the journal “Sovremennik” (1856, No. 3) served as the source of Shevchenko’s series “Parable of the Prodigal Son” has been reasonably rejected, the Ukrainian poet’s awareness of the story by Tolstoy “Snowstorm” printed in the same issue may be considered only as hypothetical. Bolshakov's statement that Shevchenko, while writing the story, drew the material from the direct participants of the Crimean War is denied: when he met them in Astrakhan in 1857, the first version of the work had been already written. The publication of the essay by Tolstoy in the newspaper “Russkiy invalid” also could not be the source of the reminiscence, as it contained only the first part where the bastion was not discussed.
The author of the paper comes to the conclusion that the epithet ‘strashnyi’ (‘terrible’), used twice in Shevchenko’s story (the second time – in the comparative degree) and at least 4 times in different forms in the essay by Tolstoy, is the key to connecting Shevchenko's phrase with the essay “Sevastopol in December”. According to the researcher, this word came into the poet’s mind while reading the essay in “Sovremennik” and association emerged when he mentioned the fourth bastion in his story. Shevchenko thus enriched his own narration with additional associations and semantic overtones, freeing himself from the need of using detailed descriptions and explanations.
Parabolic Structure of Essay/Short Parable Story “Za Hotar” by Olha Kobylianska
Authors: Antofiichuk Volodymyr 
Published: March 2019

The paper deals with the story “Za hotar” (“Beyond the Boundary”) by Olha Kobylianska from the point of view of modernist sacral aesthetics, since, as it has been observed, its architectonic structure comprises the parable of the Good Samaritan. It is proven that the relationship between the parable and the story is displayed at different levels of the literary text.
The plot of the story “Za hotar” has many obvious parallels with the Christ’s parable, down to the coincidences in the image of a merciless priest. The modernist sacral perspective of the literary work by Olha Kobylianska makes it possible not only to observe the presence of hidden signs of the New Testament parable, but also to interpret the possibility of a genre shift. This procedure allows denoting this literary work not as an essay, but as a short story, since the parable of the Good Samaritan has a characteristic feature of a short story (its main idea is represented in showing mercy by one of the Samaritans, who in biblical times were considered as people lacking any sympathy towards strangers).
The work by Olha Kobylianska provides an extremely powerful and philosophically deep insight. The plot includes the death of a daughter. On the one hand, it is perceived as quite substantiated (the child ran outdoors undressed in winter), but in terms of the mystical perspective it becomes a symbol of Christian mercy, or even a Christian self-sacrifice.
Thus, the literary work “Za hotar” by Olha Kobylianska is based on the architectonical ground of the parable about the Good Samaritan. From the realistic perspective it may be interpreted as an essay revealing the mental traditions, everyday life, ideological foundations of the Bukovynian village contemporary for the writer. Although it becomes a parable in the modernist sacral perspective, which hides the fundamental gospel basis behind a realistic plot.
PENGARUH CHEST THERAPY DAN INFRA RED PADA BRONCHOPNEUMONIA
Authors: Amin Akhmad Alfajri , Kuswardani Kuswardani , Setiawan Welly 
Published: March 2019

Latar Belakang : Di Provinsi Jawa Tengah, persentase balita yang menderita pneumonia pada tahun 2014 sebanyak 71.451 kasus atau setara (26,11%) dan meningkat dibanding tahun 2013 atau setara (25,85%). Angka ini masih sangat jauh dari target standar pelayanan minimal pada tahun 2010 atau setara (100%) (Dinkes Jateng, 2014). Di Kabupaten Pekalongan pada tahun 2015, ada sebanyak 94.386 balita dengan perkiraan kasus sebanyak 3.407 kasus, sedangkan kasus yang ditemukan atau ditangani sebanyak 4.695 kasus atau setara (136,9 %). Penelitian ini dilakukan di RSUD Kajen pada bulan Oktober 2017 dengan mengambil sampel sebanyak 8 partisipan menggunakan metode pretest-posttest dengan quasi eksperimen. Tindakan fisioterapi yang diberikan pada kasus Bronchopneumonia ini adalah dengan chest therapy dan infra red.Tujuan : Mengetahui pengaruh terapi dengan menggunakan Infra Red dan Chest Physiotherapy (deep breathing, postural drainage, clapping, vibrasi, dan batuk efektif) pada kondisiBronchopneumonia.
Hasil : Terjadi perbaikan frekuensi napas pasien per menit yang signifikan antara sebelum dengan sesudah terapi ditunjukkan dengan nilai p pada uji paired sample test (sig. 2-tailed) sebesar 0,000 yang berada di bawah nilai kritis <0,05, sedangkan untuk sesak napas pasien mengalami penurunan yang signifikan antara sebelum dengan esudah terapi hal ini ditunjukkan dengan nilai p (sig. 2-tailed) sebesar 0,000 yang berada dibawah nilai kritis <0,05.
Kesimpulan : Penggunaan infra red dan chest therapy dapat memperbaiki frekuensi pernapasan pasien per menit dan mengurangi sesak napas pada kasus Bronchopneumonia.
Heterotopic gastric mucosa in jejunum: A rare case report.
Authors: Rather Jan Mohammad , Manzoor Sobia , Wani Rauf Ahmad 
Published: March 2019

Heterotopic gastric mucosa (HGM) has been described as an incidental finding in various parts of gastrointestinal tract. HGM of the small bowel is a congenital disorder with variable manifestations like bleeding, obstruction or perforation, penetration into adjacent organs, and fistulization. We present a case of a 55 year old female being evaluated for anemia associated with recurrent episodes of diarrhoea and dyspepsia. The cause was found to be HGM in thejejunum.
Electricity: The Enemy Invisible
Authors: Baba Umar , Wani Adil Hafeez 
Published: March 2019

Electrical injuries, as such, are less prevalent in comparison to other forms of burn injuries. However, this type of injury is considered to be one of the most devastating injuries due to its high morbidity and mortality. It is also associated with high costs and long-term hospitalization as well as the need for multiple surgical procedures; therefore, specific management considerations are required for this type of injury.
It is more prevalent in developing countries, with prevalence rate being higher among men. Most of the pediatric population suffers injuries at home from low voltage appliances.
The patient with electrical injury is usually a young, employed person who can potentially return to a productive working life. Successfully achieving this goal would save society a great loss of human potential. The plastic surgeon is actively involved in all phases of the pursuit of maximal recovery of the patient with electrical injuries. Reconstructive procedures are required both in high voltage injuries and low voltage injuries and have improved the quality of lives of these patients by timely intervention.
Precautionary measures are necessary to reduce the incidence of high voltage injuries and their devastating effects. The incidence of high voltage injuries would not have been so high had the electric workers been properly trained and hazards of high tension lines explained. Moreover emphasis must be laid on the use of safety measures.
Population Borrowing Behavior: Trends and Risks
Authors: Shneiderman I. M. , Yarasheva A. V. 
Published: March 2019

The article deals with current issues related to modern processes of lending to the population in Russia. The article aims to identify possible risks and consequences of over-lending to individuals based on the analysis of statistical data. Research objectives include analysing data dynamics of volume of the issued housing loans for the past 13 years, including mortgage loans; tracing the dynamics of household debt (total and for this type of lending) in rubles and foreign currency in macro-regions (Federal districts) of the Russian Federation; and describing the features and trends of car loans in our country. Results of the study revealed an uneven increase in the amount of debt on loans of the population living in different macro-regions of Russia. The authors concluded that the share of personal debt to credit institutions on mortgages «inside» of housing loan debt from 2006 to 2018 has more than tripled. In general, reasons for changes in the credit behaviour of Russians lie in lowered interest rates and the fear of their future growth, chances of refinancing previously taken loans, concerns about rising inflation, pent-up demand for housing and durable goods. A further increase in the growth of consumer loans and the volume of public debt on them may lead to the overheating of the credit market.
On Approaches to Measuring Costs of Inaction
Authors: Blam I. Yu. 
Published: March 2019

The article attempts to establish general approaches to statistical measurements of effects from a failure to take necessary environmental actions in the medium and long term (or, to use the author’s terminology, estimating the «costs of inaction»). It is emphasized such an assessment is closely related to the «precautionary principle», which implies the rejection of the use of innovative products and technologies due to lack of confidence in their safety for the health of the population and the environment. The paper addresses main problems associated with the practical application of the «precautionary principle», such as risk assessment and management, effective coordination between science and politics, as well as finding a reasonable balance between innovation and potential social and environmental damage.An analysis of today’s most successful attempts to determine the costs of inaction has made it possible to identify methodological shortcomings of the «ethical» approach, which forces us to treat with some caution the estimated costs of future periods that arise in the case of an «insufficiently ambitious» environmental policy.The example of determining the costs of inaction associated with the extraction of shale hydrocarbons by hydraulic fracturing (fracking), shows the present methodological difficulties in assessing the potential risks of environmental pollution and the direction of their solution. The author concludes that under conditions of a high degree of uncertainty at all stages of assessing the negative impact on the environment, the application of the «precautionary principle» can be based on an analysis of the degree of reversibility of the impact of innovative products and technologies.
Renal Morpho-functional Changes in Wistar Rats Administered Citrullus lanatus (Watermelon)
Authors: Aigbiremolen A. A. , Omoirri M. A. , Okafoanyali O. J. , Ogbonnaya M. , Asemota K. E. 
Published: March 2019

Introduction: The kidneys are paired organs that function as eliminators of harmful metabolites from the blood. Considering the nutritional profile, Citrullus lanatus is reportedly a vital source of anti-oxidants that may affect renal functions.
Aim: Using the adult male wistar rats, this study examined the effect(s) of Citrullus lanatus fruit seeds on serum electrolytes and histology of the kidney.
Methodology: Twenty rats (95-200 g) were purchased and grouped into four (n=20) of five (5) rats per group. Group 1 (control group) received growers mash and water only, groups 2, 3 and 4 were fed with 100, 200 and, 400 mg/kg of C. lanatus fruit seeds extract respectively (for 21 days). Following period of extract administration, animals were fasted overnight and carefully restrained. Equal volume of blood samples were collected from their retro-orbital plexus for biochemical analysis. Abdominal cavities were cut opened and kidney excised for histo-architectural study.
Results: With serum Na+, Cl-, Ca2+, HCO3- , levels returning insignificant results for all doses (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) of watermelon fruit seed extracts treated rats upon comparison with control; there was however a significant increase (p < .05) in serum K+ and Urea levels of extract treated rats when compared with control. Study also observed no histological alteration in the kidney of extract treated rats when compared to control.
Conclusion: Thus, administration of C. lanatus seed extract did not affect serum Na+, Cl-, HCO3- and creatinine levels of wistar rats; even though there were significance increase in K+ and urea levels.
Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes in Childbirths with Meconium Stained Amniotic Fluid in a Low-resource Setting: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Halle-Ekane Gregory E. , N. Fon Phyllis , Koki Paul N. , Tazinya Alexis A. , Ekollo Rodrigue , Mboudou Emile 
Published: March 2019

Meconium stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) can be associated with a high maternal and perinatal mortality. There is paucity of data on maternal and fetal outcomes of MSAF in Cameroon.
Aim: The study was to determine the maternal and perinatal outcomes in patients with MSAF.
Study Design: Prospective cohort study.
Place and Duration of Study: The study carried out in the Limbe Regional Hospital maternity, Cameroon from 10th January 2017 to 20th April 2017.
Methodology: Fifty- two mothers who had MSAF and their neonates, were matched with controls (without MSAF) in a 1:1 ratio after matching for: age, gestational age, parity and body mass index. Risk ratio (RR) of MSAF on the various perinatal outcomes were calculated by multivariate logistic regression with MSAF (-) being the reference. Data was analyzed with Epi Info 7.
Results: Two hundred and three deliveries were conducted during the study period with fifty-two with MSAF enrolled in the study. The proportion of participants with MSAF was 19.1%. Parturients who had thick MSAF were 3 times more likely to have caesarean sections (RR: 3.2, 95% CI= 1.1 - 10.2, p = 0.04). Two (3.9%) parturients with chorioamnionitis had MSAF. The neonatal complications were: non- reassuring fetal heart rate (RR=4.4, 95%CI: 1.1-16.8, p=0.02), neonatal sepsis (RR=3.7, 95%CI: 1.4-9.8, p=0.01) and neonatal intensive care unit admissions (RR=2.9, 95%CI: 1.2-6.9, p=0.02), were associated with MSAF. Two (3.9%) had meconium aspiration syndrome on clinical examination. No maternal death was recorded. However, a perinatal death occurred in a parturient with MSAF.
Conclusion: The proportion of parturients with MSAF was high. MSAF was associated with increased maternal and neonatal morbidity. We recommend larger and robust cohort studies to further refine our findings.
Effects of Ranitidine (Zantac) Drug on the Hormonal Level, Sperm Head Abnormality and Histo-Architecture of the Testis of Albino Male Mice
Authors: Oraibi Tiba Soud , Ibrahim Ruqaya Mohammed , Soud Sura Alaa 
Published: March 2019

The purposes of this study are to determine the effect of Zantac (Ranitidine) drug on sexual hormones (Testosterone and Prolactin), sperm head abnormality, and histopathological activity on albino male mice testes.
Two doses of the drug were used: 1000 and 2000 mg/kg, in addition to a negative control group. Each group included four mice and the drug administrated orally as (0.1 ml) per day for 14 days, and then the mice were sacrificed on the day 15 for laboratory assessment.
The result showed that the drug cause increase the percentage of sperm head abnormality which reaches to (48.3%) and (22.8%) for 2000 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg respectively in comparison to control group (11.1%). The male sex hormones also affected by the drug and the level of testosterone hormone decrease to (1.07 ng/ml) in 2000 mg/kg and (3.42 ng/ml) in 1000 mg/kg, while the level of hormone in control group is (14.07 ng/ml). The prolactin hormone show increase in the level at dose 2000mg/kg it's (115 ng/ml) and in dose 1000 mg/kg the level its (43 ng/ml) these value very high compared with control group (36 ng/ml) due to the effect of the drug on the hormone. The histopathological examination shows damage in the seminal duct and changes in the wall of the seminiferous tube also the spermatogenesis well be affected by the drug in which is stop and some of seminal duct show no appearance of spermatogenesis and also cause depletion to the wall of the seminal duct.
Analysis of Smallholder Farmers’ Perceptions on Climate Change, Preference and Willingness-to-pay for Seasonal Climate Forecasts Information in Savelugu Municipality, Ghana
Authors: Ibrahim Nasiru , Teye Mensah Kingsley , Alhassan Hamdiyah , Adzawla William , Adjei-Mensah Christina 
Published: March 2019

Aim: Agricultural production is directly affected by climate change. This means that access to climate information would help the farmers’ preparedness for farming activities and the decision on the types of crops to grow, when to grow them and the types of farm management activities to adopt. As such, this study analysed farmers’ preference for seasonal climate forecasts and their willingness-to-pay for these information.
Place and Duration: The study was conducted in the Savelugu Municipality in the Northern region of Ghana. A single period data was collected for analysis.
Methodology: A total of 300 farmers were selected through a two stage sampling procedure and used for the study. From the theory of contingent valuation, a descriptive statistic and Heckman model were used in analysing the data.
Results: From the results, the majority of farmers were willing-to-pay for seasonal climate information, especially, climate forecasts on rainfall. The farmers preferred that these seasonal climate forecasts should be disseminated to them through the radio. The farmers exhibit positive willingness-to-pay for seasonal climate forecasts to about 20 Ghana cedis. A number of factors influenced the farmers’ decision and amount they were willing-to-pay and these include gender, age, perception of climate change experience, ownership of radio, off-farm activity and participation in planting for food and jobs (PFFJ) program.
Conclusions: The findings of this study highlighted the need for climate information by farmers and how this can be effectively disseminated to them. Generally, government institutions and other private agencies should take up the challenge and opportunity to provide climate information, especially seasonal rainfall forecast, to the farmers at a fee. This fee must be determined at an optimal or at least a breakeven price considering the farmer’s ability to pay. The study also recommended that climate information dissemination should be integrated into government’s PFFJ program.
Codeine-mediated Haematoxicity, Hepatotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity in Male Albino Rats
Authors: Owoade Abiodun Olusoji , Abdullateef Abdulrahman , Adetutu Adewale , Adetutu Adewale , Olorunnisola Olubukola Sinbad 
Published: March 2019

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of codeine administration on some haematological and biochemical indices in rats.
Materials and Methods: Therapeutic dose (5 mg/kg/day), high dose (25 mg/kg/day) and extreme dose (50 mg/kg/day) of codeine were administered orally to rats for 28 days. Twenty-four hours after the last codeine administration, blood, liver and kidney were removed from the animals after an overnight fast and analysed for their haematological and biochemical parameters.
Results: Results obtained revealed that codeine administration significantly reduced the levels of white blood cells (WBC), red blood cell (RBC) and platelet count (PLT) and increased the levels of mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV)while it resulted in non-significant changes in other haematological parameters examined when compared with control rats. Codeine intake significantly increased plasma levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine and urea while its reduced total protein levels. Hepatic and renal thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels were significantly increased by codeine administration while levels of endogenous antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and reduced glutathione (GSH) were reduced.
Conclusions: This study confirmed the risk of increased oxidative stress, haematoxicity, hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity due to codeine administration. Although codeine is reported to be effective in pain management, its toxicity should be kept in mind.