bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Practice-based learning in the Tequila industry: the business school goes out of the classroom
Authors: Toledano-O’Farrill Ruben 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present the methodology and results of practice-based learning in the Business School of a higher education institution (HEI) in Mexico, with a focus on students’ participation and learning experience.

Design/methodology/approach
This research is a descriptive and qualitative analysis of six team experiences within a larger project developed through university–business partnership with the aim of helping develop organizational capabilities of small and medium enterprises within the Tequila industry in Mexico.

Findings
Participation of students in project-based learning, in genuine scenarios alongside professional consultants, is an effective way to develop learning and to apply prior knowledge. Learning occurs at several levels, including developing professional knowledge, teamwork, leadership and communication skills, and to some extent consulting skills. Client organizations also develop learning in work-based learning (WBL) projects.

Research limitations/implications
The research methodology does not allow for generalization of the results on a large scale.

Practical implications
This research shows a successful instance of project- and practice-based learning that may be helpful for HEIs seeking to implement this learning methodology.

Social implications
There is research evidence that more students are expecting to get practice-based skills as part of their higher education training. This paper supports the argument that HEIs can develop wide scale WBL programs that have impact on students’ learning and skills development as well as on the development of host organizations.

Originality/value
The instance of WBL described in this research paper is unique within HEIs in Mexico.
Choke flutter instability sources tracking with linearized calculations
Authors: Duquesne Pierre , Rendu Quentin , Aubert Stephane , Ferrand Pascal 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
The choke flutter is a fluid-structure interaction that can lead to the failure of fan or compressor blade in turbojet engines. In ultra high bypass ratio (UHBR) fans, the choke flutter appears at part-speed regimes and at low or negative incidence when a strong shock-wave chokes the blade to blade channel. The purpose of this study is to locate the main excitation sources and improving the understanding of the different work exchange mechanisms. This work contributes to avoiding deficient and dangerous fan design.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, an UHBR fan is analyzed using a time-linearized Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equation solver to investigate the choke flutter. The steady-state and the imposed vibration (inter blade phase angle, reduced frequency and mode shape) are selected to be in choke flutter situation. Superposition principle induced by the linearization allow to decompose the blade in numerous small subsections to track the contribution of each local vibration to the global damping. All simulations have been performed on a two-dimensional blade to blade extraction.

Findings
Result analysis points to a restricted number of excitation sources at the trailing edge which induce a large part of the work exchange in a limited region of the airfoil. Main phenomena suspected are the shock-wave motion and the shock-wave/boundary layer interaction.

Originality/value
An original excitation source tracking methodology allowed by the linearized calculation is addressed and applied to a UHBR fan test case.
An exploration into the problematic public policies and the leadership challenge for socio-economic transformation in South Africa
Authors: Ndalamba Ken Kalala 
Published: January 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the problematic of public policies and leadership challenges for socio-economic transformation in South Africa. The paper illustrates that policies and laws of socio-economic reform have been introduced in democratic South Africa. However, socio-economic transformation remains a challenge. Lack of trust in the leadership relationships amongst political and economic agents is pointed as a contributing factor. Hence, LE emerges as a leadership strategy to help mitigate the problem.Design/methodology/approachThe paper starts by presenting the current economic situation of South Africa touching on some important economic indicators to illustrate the consequences of poor leadership in public policy implementation process. The paper then analyses the leadership challenges to drive socio-economic reforms that have been introduced in South Africa since the end of apartheid with focus on the current National Development Plan. Lack of trust in leadership is identified as a problematic factor and leadership ethos (LE) emerges as a leadership strategy to enable the building of trust in leadership for the purpose of a successful implementation of public policies.FindingsLack of trust in leadership is identified as a problematic factor contributing in the absence of cooperation and collaboration in the leadership relationship amongst public servants (from up to bottom) and citizens for the purpose of successful implementation of public policies. Hence, there is need for a new leadership paradigm that would enable the building of trust in these leadership relationships. LE emerges as such a leadership strategy.Practical implicationsThe paper calls for an exploration into the understanding and practice of LE and its inherent critical success factors (CSFs) considered as a leadership strategy that can help drive particularly public policies implementation process. LE intends to promote moral leadership that helps public servants to build good character and thus the will to do the right thing, and mutually trusting relationship is a CSF of LE. Therefore LE enables build the much needed trust in leadership relationships for a successful organisational leadership and management.Originality/valueThis paper provides significant implications by identifying lack of trust as a problematic factor in the leadership relationships amongst political and economic agents in South Africa, contributing thus in the poor implementation of public policies. LE emerges as a leadership strategy that would help mitigate the problem by enabling the building, the maintenance and restoration of trust in organisational and or institutional management for a successful public policy implementation process.
“Happy-performing managers” thesis
Authors: Hosie Peter , Sharma Piyush , Kingshott Russel P.J. 
Published: January 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to extend the “Happy-Performing Managers” thesis to show that managers’ job-related affective well-being and affective job satisfaction mediate the impact of their role stressors (ambiguity, conflict and overload) on their contextual job performance.Design/methodology/approachResults from an online survey of 305 managers from the private, public and third sectors in Western Australian support most of the hypotheses. The psychometric properties of all the scales were analysed using confirmatory factor analysis and the conceptual model was tested using structural equation modelling.FindingsRole stressors have a direct negative effect on the managers’ affective well-being and affective job satisfaction, which, in turn, mediate the negative effects of the three role stressors on the managers’ contextual performance.Research limitations/implicationsConceptual and managerial contributions along with methodological limitations and future research directions are discussed.Originality/valueContemporary managers face a wide range of intrinsic and extrinsic role and environmental stressors. This research suggests that organisations may need to redesign manager roles to reduce their role stressors (ambiguity, conflict and overload) in order to optimise their contextual performance.
The long-term effect of training and development investment on financial performance in Korean companies
Authors: Kwon Kibum 
Published: January 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between training and development investment and financial performance over time. Human capital literature suggests that training and development investment may not immediately affect financial performance but may instead create effects that are realized over time. However, most existing cross-sectional research explores the influence of training and development investment on performance while overlooking training and development investment’s long-term effects.Design/methodology/approachThis study focuses on the recovery period following the Great Recession circa 2008 in the South Korean business context. Longitudinal data from 312 firms, including four distinct waves, were used. Latent growth modeling was used to help identify a pattern of reciprocal relationships between training and development investment and financial performance over time.FindingsThe results indicate that even though growth in training and development investment is stable over time, there are significant between-firm differences in training and development investment trajectories over time. Prior financial performance was shown to be positively related to higher levels of training and development investment, but it was not related to growth in training and development investment. The initial level of training and development investment did not predict subsequent profit, but growth in training and development investment was positively related to future financial performance.Originality/valueThis study suggests that as an organization’s training and development investment increases over time, a delayed effect on financial performance may emerge because of this accumulated investment. Ultimately, the results highlight the importance of having a stock of human capital, rather than concentrating upon momentary flows that yield immediate effects.
Determining the structure of pharmaceutical industry in Iran
Authors: Emamgholipour Sara , Agheli Lotfali 
Published: January 2019

PurposeAs the pharmaceutical industry is one of the key sectors of the health-care system, the identification of its structure is of particular importance. This paper aims to determine the structure of the pharmaceutical industry in Iran to provide appropriate solutions for pricing and regulation by policymakers. Iran is a growing pharmaceutical market with over $4bn in sales, so the supply side needs to be examined to meet the domestic consumption.Design/methodology/approachThis research is a descriptive and retrospective analytical study which examines the Iranian pharmaceutical industry through library studies and using pharmaceutical data of the country’s Food and Drug Administration during 1992-2016. Due to data availability in firm level, the concentration ratio of N leading firms and the Herfindahl–Hirschman index are used to measure the concentration of the pharmaceutical market in 2014 and 2016.FindingsThe results show that pharmaceutical manufacturing, importing companies and distributing companies play roles in monopolistic competition market, loose oligopoly market and oligopoly market, respectively. For all companies, the magnitudes of Herfindahl–Hirschman indices indicate non-competitive settings. As a result, these companies set their own prices, and market demand affects their sales. In addition, demand for medicines is shaped in the form of supply-induced demand.Research limitations/implicationsThis research was accomplished with no computational limitation. However, it was confined to only one country, one industry and the mentioned period of study.Practical implicationsThe pharmaceutical manufacturers have no influence on medicine prices, and government pricing regulations lessen the market power of such market agents. However, the easy entry to and exit from market stimulate producers to participate in manufacturing activities. The pharmaceutical importers may expand their imports in response to entry new actors; however, the new entrants weaken the coordination on pricing decisions.Social implicationsAs pharmaceutical distributers act in an oligopoly market, they can collude, reduce competition and lower the welfare of pharmaceutical consumers. In such conditions, high investment requirements and economies of scale may discourage the entry of new firms.Originality/valueAlthough there are various studies on market structure in non-pharmaceutical industries, this study is a new effort to measure concentration in the Iranian pharmaceutical market and to determine its structure.
Machine criticality assessment for productivity improvement
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Maheshwaran , Skoogh Anders , Salonen Antti , Asp Martin 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to increase productivity through smart maintenance planning by including productivity as one of the objectives of the maintenance organization. Therefore, the goals of the paper are to investigate existing machine criticality assessment and identify components of the criticality assessment tool to increase productivity.

Design/methodology/approach
An embedded multiple case study research design was adopted in this paper. Six different cases were chosen from six different production sites operated by three multi-national manufacturing companies. Data collection was carried out in the form of interviews, focus groups and archival records. More than one source of data was collected in each of the cases. The cases included different production layouts such as machining, assembly and foundry, which ensured data variety.

Findings
The main finding of the paper is a deeper understanding of how manufacturing companies assess machine criticality and plan maintenance activities. The empirical findings showed that there is a lack of trust regarding existing criticality assessment tools. As a result, necessary changes within the maintenance organizations in order to increase productivity were identified. These are technological advancements, i.e. a dynamic and data-driven approach and organizational changes, i.e. approaching with a systems perspective when performing maintenance prioritization.

Originality/value
Machine criticality assessment studies are rare, especially empirical research. The originality of this paper lies in the empirical research conducted on smart maintenance planning for productivity improvement. In addition, identifying the components for machine criticality assessment is equally important for research and industries to efficient planning of maintenance activities.
Reconceptualizing value innovation for Industry 4.0 and the Industrial Internet of Things
Authors: Matthyssens Paul 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
Starting from the foundations of value innovation, this paper aims to give an idea of the key drivers and barriers – internal and external to the company – and to provide insight into proven capabilities underscoring the ability to create a flow of new value initiatives. These thoughts are then confronted with the present challenges of Industry 4.0 and the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). The confrontation leads to the identification of five capabilities for future-proof value innovation.

Design/methodology/approach
Literature review based upon the work of the author with more than two decades of experience within value innovation research is included. The review is supplemented with recent literature and an overview of the challenges of Industry 4.0/IIoT, which leads into a confrontation of the present status of value innovation with future requirements.

Findings
Value innovation remains important specifically for established companies facing path-breaking digital disruption of their existing business models provoked by Industry 4.0 and IIoT. Five key capabilities are suggested to rejuvenate value innovation and prepare it for the Industry 4.0 challenge: capabilities for designing, adapting and marketing product service systems; capabilities for blending digital strategy and processes with value offerings; capabilities for designing and mobilizing ecosystems and integrating these into a value-based IIoT platform; capabilities for combining and integrating technological and value innovation approaches; and capabilities for linking value creation to value capturing.

Research limitations/implications
This paper is more of a “viewpoint” than an empirically based paper presenting new research findings. It is based on expert judgment and confrontation with extant literature. The outlook indicating five key capabilities needs further empirical corroboration.

Practical implications
The overview of barriers and the “toolkit” for value innovation (Figure 1) and the five capabilities for future value innovation are expected to be managerially relevant.

Originality/value
The paper highlights the concept of value innovation, as discussed over the past decades, and links it to recent challenges and opportunities imposed by Industry 4.0 and the IIoT. The concept of value or strategic innovation is still valid but needs a re-conceptualization in view of these developments. The paper provides five capabilities business marketers should develop to perform value innovation in an Industry 4.0 environment.
Parameterization of biodiversity–productivity relationship and its scale dependency using georeferenced tree‐level data
Authors: Luo Weixue , Liang Jingjing , Cazzolla Gatti Roberto , Zhao Xiuhai , Zhang Chunyu 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

The biodiversity–productivity relationship (BPR) constitutes one of the most fundamental yet challenging topics in ecology. Most described BPRs so far are based on relatively small grain sizes (typically smaller than 1ha), and understanding how the BPRs scale up from individual trees to communities of different sizes, a mission critical for biodiversity conservation and forest management, still remains elusive.

Based on a unique 54.12‐ha large‐scale forest observational site in Northeastern China, where we georeferenced and measured approx. 90,000 trees in two consecutive inventories, we studied BPRs across a cascade of spatial scales using geostatistical analysis and bootstrapping. To explore the underlying mechanisms of the scale dependency of BPR, we further investigated the scale gradient in biodiversity and productivity, respectively, and assessed neighbourhood influences on individual trees.

Across all the spatial scales, we found a consistent positive concave‐down effect of tree species richness on forest productivity. The elasticity of substitution (θ) represented the degree to which species can substitute for each other in contributing to forest productivity. At the community level, the curvature of BPRs in terms of the elasticity of substitution (θ) declined from around 0.50 and converged at around 0.15, as the grain size increased from 0.01 to 1.00 ha, all else being equal. Similarly, at the individual tree level, neighbourhood diversity coefficient, a linear proxy of θ, declined from around 0.08 and converged at around 0.03, as neighbourhood size increased from 0.01 to 1.00 ha, all else being equal.

Synthesis. Our study found a pronounced scale dependency of biodiversity–productivity relationship and quantified, for the first time, how biodiversity–productivity relationship scale up from 0.01 to 1.00 ha. Our findings suggest that biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationship can be generally scale‐dependent and, hence, one must factor in this effect in biodiversity conservation and ecological restoration projects. Our findings also indicate that biodiversity–productivity relationship, predominantly determined by biological processes (i.e. complementarity and diminishing marginal productivity) at a small scale, can be increasingly influenced by statistical (i.e. spatial central limit theorem) and other (such as species–area relationship) processes as the scale increases.
Local and biogeographic determinants and stochasticity of tree population demography
Authors: Mori Akira S. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDemographic events such as the birth and death of organisms are ubiquitous in nature. Disentangling the processes that underlie the demographic dynamics of species is fundamental to understanding how biodiversity is organized and will be re‐organized at multiple scales.To provide new insights on multispecies demographic dynamics, I designed the present study to focus on local and biogeographic influences on mortality and recruitment rates for tree populations in forest biomes throughout the Japanese archipelago.Most populations exhibited mortality that fell within the 95% confidence intervals of a neutral model (i.e. the expectation of demographic stochasticity). However, there were also important determinants that make population dynamics to deviate from the neutral expectation. Interspecific niche differentiation was important to reduce the mortality rate, regardless of the local rarity or ubiquity of a species. Although intraspecific aggregation that caused density‐dependent mortality was only significant for locally abundant species, the degree of isolation from a species’ central or optimal range determined mortality only for locally rare species. These differences between rare and common species provide important empirical quantification of aspects of population dynamics that have been less accounted for in ecology and biogeography studies.Synthesis. Unifying different theories such as those rooted in local‐scale community ecology and macro‐scale biogeography is important. At this juncture, this study emphasizes that disentangling the interactive roles of demographic stochasticity and determinism that operate at different scales would be a clue to advance the field of ecology both in theory and practice.
Effects of early‐season insect herbivory on subsequent pathogen infection and ant abundance on wild cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)
Authors: Abdala‐Roberts Luis , Pérez Niño Biiniza , Moreira Xoaquín , Parra‐Tabla Víctor , Grandi Luca , Glauser Gaétan , Benrey Betty , Turlings Ted C. J. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Plant‐induced defences play an important role in mediating interactions between plants, insects and pathogens. Yet, the plant traits underlying these effects, the extended consequences for higher trophic levels (i.e. predators), and the implications for plant growth and reproduction have received little attention.

Here, we asked whether simulated early insect leaf damage on wild cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) affected subsequent damage by insect leaf chewers and pathogenic fungi, as well as ant abundance. To address the mechanisms behind such effects, we measured plant defensive traits induced by early leaf damage to determine which inducible traits might determine the effects on plant‐associates. We also evaluated whether early damage influenced plant growth and flower production, and if such effects were mediated by subsequent insect herbivory or pathogen infection.

We show that simulated early leaf damage reduced damage by subsequent leaf‐chewing insects, increased plant fungal infections, but did not affect ant abundance. Leaf defensive traits (lignins and pubescence) were significantly induced by early damage and were negatively associated with insect herbivory and infection severity, but did not account for the effects of early leaf damage on either of these subsequent attackers. In addition, ant abundance was not associated with (or accounted for) subsequent herbivory or infection, suggesting they did not confer plant protection. Finally, early leaf damage negatively affected plant growth and flower production and analyses suggested that the effect on the latter was, at least partly, mediated by increased fungal infections.

Synthesis. Overall, these findings show that early herbivory determines the outcome of cotton interactions with subsequent attackers, and such effects have an impact on plant growth and flower output.