bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Culture of trust and division of labor in nonhierarchical teams
Authors: Meier Stephan , Stephenson Matthew , Perkowski Patryk 
Published: March 2019

Research SummaryFirms exhibit heterogeneity in size, productivity, and internal structure, and this is true even within the same industry. Our paper provides evidence of a link between an organization's culture—specifically the trust environment—and its level of specialization. We show experimentally that exogenously‐imposed culture endogenously leads to variation in organizational form. We prime trust and demonstrate that the level of trust within an organization affects division of labor and consequently productivity in nonhierarchical teams. This evidence is consistent with a cross‐country link between trust and the division of labor that we observe in data from the European Social Survey.
Managerial SummaryFirms vary among many dimensions such as culture and internal organization even within the same industry. Trust is one component of corporate culture that is crucial for cooperation within organizations. In this paper, we show that the trust dimension of corporate culture can affect firm performance through internal structure, in particular the degree of division of labor. Using evidence from a game‐theoretic model, a lab experiment, and country‐level data, we show that an increase in trust leads to increased worker specialization. Our results suggest that increasing trust in work environments where division of labor is beneficial is one way to boost team productivity.RESOURCESThis article has earned an Open Data badge for making publicly available the digitally‐shareable data necessary to reproduce the reported results. The data is available at https://osf.io/pr39h/. Learn more about the Open Practices badges from the Center for Open Science: https://osf.io/tvyxz/wiki.
Active Site Identification and Evaluation Criteria of In Situ Grown CoTe and NiTe Nanoarrays for Hydrogen Evolution and Oxygen Evolution Reactions
Authors: Yang Liu , Xu Haoxiang , Liu Huibing , Cheng Daojian , Cao Dapeng 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDeveloping efficient non‐precious bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is highly critical for overall water splitting. Herein, vertically aligned CoTe and NiTe nanoarrays are synthesized in situ grown on Ni foams (marked as CoTeNR/NF and NiTeNR/NF) via a facile hydrothermal method, and further explore their catalytic activities for overall water splitting. The CoTeNR/NF catalyst exhibits not only excellent OER performance with a low overpotential of 350 mV to deliver 100 mA cm−2, but also high HER activity only requiring 202 mV overpotential to yield 10 mA cm−2 in alkaline condition. Moreover, experimental technique and density functional theory are combined together to reveal that the real active sites of CoTeNR/NF for OER are from the in situ generated CoOOHspecies on CoTeNR/NF in the OER process, and also propose a new HER performance evaluation criteria of using H2O adsorption energy, H2O dissociation barrier, and H2/OH− desorption energy as an indicator. The new criteria can satisfactorily evaluate the HER performance of as‐synthesized samples, while the traditional one of using H adsorption energy as an indicator fails in the HER performance evaluation of as‐synthesized samples. It is expected that the new evaluation criteria can be used as a general criteria to evaluate the HER performance of other electrocatalysts.
Thermal comfort and heat stress indices for outdoor occupations over 15 years: a case study from Iran
Authors: Ghalhari Gholamabbas Fallah , Dehghan Somayeh Farhang , Shakeri Fahimeh , Abbasinia Marzieh , Asghari Mehdi 
Published: March 2019

The present study aims to assess seasonal trends in thermal comfort and heat stress indices for outdoor occupations over a 15‐year period using the Iranian Meteorological Organization's database for Sari, Iran. Hourly and daily meteorological data including temperature, wind speed, cloudiness, relative humidity and vapor pressure measurements for Sari city from 2000 to 2014 are used. The wet‐bulb globe temperature (WBGT) and universal thermal climate index (UTCI) are calculated, along with thermal comfort indices including physiological equivalent temperature (PET), standard effective temperature (SET) and predicted mean vote (PMV).The highest and lowest mean monthly air temperature values for the 15‐year period were recorded for August (27.55 ± 0.57°C) and January (7.9 ± 0.68°C), respectively. The highest and lowest mean monthly relative humidity values were observed for December (81.2 ± 2.6%) and August (73.7 ± 1.94%), respectively. The strongest correlations were found between all of the thermal comfort and heat stress indices under study and air temperature (r = 0.97–0.99; P < 0.001), as well as all indices and mean radiant temperature (r = 0.96–0.98; P < 0.001). Strong significant correlations were observed between all heat stress and thermal comfort indices (r > 0.93; P < 0.001). The use of meteorological data can enable the prediction of physiologically stressful conditions via knowledge of the strong positive correlation between heat stress and certain physiological indices, as highlighted in this study.
Coherence and chattering of a one‐way valve
Authors: Corli Andrea , Rosini Massimiliano D. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this paper we analyze the effects of a one‐way valve on the isothermal gas flow through a pipe. The valve keeps the flow at a constant value, if possible; otherwise it is closed. First, for fixed, we define a Riemann solver and characterize the coherence of its initial data; coherence is a necessary condition for the construction of solutions to a general initial‐value problem based on a wave‐front tracking scheme. We also give an example of an invariant and coherent domain where the valve can be either open or closed. Second, for suitable compact sets of initial data we make precise the range of valuesthat guarantee the coherence. At last, in the case of a real valve with finite reaction time, we show the chattering (rapid switch on and off) of the valve in correspondence with incoherent initial data.
Europeanization in the Making: Perceptions of the Economic Effects of European Integration in Romania
Authors: Toader Florența , Radu Loredana 
Published: March 2019

AbstractUsing data collected through a national omnibus survey conducted in September 2017, this contribution studies the Romanian public’s attitude towards the European Union. Our goal is to observe and explain patterns of EU support in Romania, a country that continues to keep its pro-European orientation despite little economic progress after European integration and the low salience of European issues in the Romanian public space. In this sense, we challenge one of the most frequent approaches towards EU support: the utilitarian theory, according to which citizens’ perceptions of CEE countries’ European integration are shaped by the economic benefits brought by integration. The study first analyses hard data on the economic effects of European integration and then it aims to assess Romanian citizens’ perceptions of the EU. The aim of the investigation is to identify shifts (if any) in Romanians’ attitudes towards the EU and factors that can explain citizens’ apparent unreserved trust in the EU. Our assumption is that the pro-European attitudes in a country where Europeanization is still “in the making” are shaped by the perceived desirability of European values and the disenchantment with the national governments’ performance.
Unable to Stop Inequality from Rising: Evidence from Romania
Authors: Dobrescu Paul , Durach Flavia 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe different perspectives on inequality and its evolution in the post-crisis period have emerged in recent years. The first was introduced by Piketty (Capital in the twenty-first century. Transl. Arthur Goldhammer. The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 2014), who emphasized cyclicity as an inherent feature of inequality. According to the author, inequality tends to increase or decrease according to the variations of the economy. In times of robust economic growth, the rate of return on capital (consisting of profits, dividends, interest, rents) and the labour force can both be satisfied to reasonable extents. When the rate of economic growth is low, wealth accumulates in favour of the capital instead of labour, thus increasing inequality. The second view on inequality is authored by Milanovic (Global inequality: A new approach for the age of globalisation. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 2016), who focuses on the evolution of inequality in a global setting. He draws attention to the growing gaps between nations that pose a threat to international stability. Lastly, Graham (Happiness for all? Unequal hopes and lives in pursuit of the American dream. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 2017) contrasts objective inequality to its subjective perceptions. There are cases in which factual inequality is high, but the existence of social mobility policies based on personal merit leads to acceptance and tolerance towards inequality. The most obvious example is “the American dream”, with all the hope it encompasses. According to Graham, during the last decade, tolerance to inequality has decreased, leading to a crisis of trust.By relating to the three aforementioned ways of understanding inequality, and other prominent views in the literature, this paper investigates through quantitative methods the different faces of inequality within Romania, with an emphasis on regional disparities. Furthermore, we aim to find the country’s ranking in its geographic region (Central and Eastern Europe). A secondary focus of the study is on the Romanian citizens’ perceptions of inequality.The findings suggest that, in its post-communist existence, Romania did experience economic growth but, unfortunately, little development, while inequalities became more severe.
New Frontiers in Sovereign Wealth Fund Capitalization
Authors: Braunstein Juergen , Ali Asim 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn the debate over the creation of sovereign wealth funds (SWFs), the discussion is often focused on either oil-based (e.g. Norway, Qatar, Kuwait, etc.) or non-commodity-based SWFs (e.g. South Korea, China, Singapore, etc.). Yet we are seeing a new development in the sovereign wealth fund arena; more and more countries are seeding sovereign wealth funds by leveraging non-traditional financial sources and are increasingly motivated by domestic developmental (including infrastructural development) imperatives. Interestingly, this process is taking place in a global context of rising nationalist sentiments and backlash against trade and migration. This paper outlines recent developments in SWF creation—especially by countries that are neither endowed with oil wealth nor possess sizable export surpluses to create SWFs with a development mandate. While contextualizing this study in the broader SWF literature, the aim is to provide a comprehensive overview on how different funding sources could be leveraged to meet long-term financial and socio-development objectives. Thus, the overall objective is to map out existing work on non-traditional sources of SWF growth and draw attention to hitherto unnoticed sources of funding: remittances.
Well-Being Trajectories Following Retirement: A Compensatory Role of Self-Enhancement Values in Disadvantaged Women
Authors: Gruszczyńska Ewa , Kroemeke Aleksandra , Knoll Nina , Schwarzer Ralf , Warner Lisa Marie 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe aim of the study was to explore the well-being trajectories of adaptation to retirement in relation to individual and cultural differences, with a particular focus on gender. The sample consisted of 596 retirees (330 German, 266 Polish, 59% female) assessed four times within 12 months. Subjective well-being was evaluated with a multivariate approach that accounted for satisfaction with life, depression and subjective health. As potential correlates of well-being trajectories, age- and context-relevant psychological resources were examined, specifically, generalized self-efficacy, meaning in life, autonomy, religiousness and Schwartz’s values. Latent class growth curve modelling revealed four trajectories per well-being domain. After cross-tabulation, two groups that constantly had the best and worst well-being profiles were identified. One group mainly comprised German men, and another mainly comprised Polish women, who additionally reported the least pronounced socioeconomic and psychological resources. The main predictors of group membership were self-enhancement values (power and achievement), which were higher for the worst well-being group. These values may compensate for a lack of relevant psychological and social resources. Further studies are needed to examine whether this effect is observable in other socially disadvantaged groups.
BisQue for 3D Materials Science in the Cloud: Microstructure–Property Linkages
Authors: Latypov Marat I. , Khan Amil , Lang Christian A. , Kvilekval Kris , Polonsky Andrew T. , Echlin McLean P. , Beyerlein Irene J. , Manjunath B. S. , Pollock Tresa M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAccelerating the design and development of new advanced materials is one of the priorities in modern materials science. These efforts are critically dependent on the development of comprehensive materials cyberinfrastructures which enable efficient data storage, management, sharing, and collaboration as well as integration of computational tools that help establish processing–structure–property relationships. In this contribution, we present implementation of such computational tools into a cloud-based platform called BisQue (Kvilekval et al., Bioinformatics 26(4):554, 2010). We first describe the current state of BisQue as an open-source platform for multidisciplinary research in the cloud and its potential for 3D materials science. We then demonstrate how new computational tools, primarily aimed at processing–structure–property relationships, can be implemented into the system. Specifically, in this work, we develop a module for BisQue that enables microstructure-sensitive predictions of effective yield strength of two-phase materials. Towards this end, we present an implementation of a computationally efficient data-driven model into the BisQue platform. The new module is made available online (web address: https://bisque.ece.ucsb.edu/module_service/Composite_Strength/) and can be used from a web browser without any special software and with minimal computational requirements on the user end. The capabilities of the module for rapid property screening are demonstrated in case studies with two different methodologies based on datasets containing 3D microstructure information from (i) synthetic generation and (ii) sampling large 3D volumes obtained in experiments.
Associations between self‐harm and chronic disease among adolescents: Cohort study using statewide emergency department data
Authors: Lidón‐Moyano Cristina , Wiebe Deborah , Gruenewald Paul , Cerdá Magdalena , Brown Paul , Goldman‐Mellor Sidra 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntroductionWe sought to understand the association between youthful self‐harm and subsequent chronic disease‐related healthcare utilization and whether self‐harm reflects unique vulnerability in comparison with severe psychiatric disorders.MethodsWe used a retrospective matched cohort design with statewide, all‐payer, individually linked emergency department (ED) data from California, USA. Risk of future ED visits for common chronic conditions in adolescence (headaches, asthma, epilepsy, diabetes, and gastrointestinal disorders, assessed using ICD‐9 diagnoses) were compared between three adolescent study groups presenting to an ED in 2010: self‐harm patients (n = 5,484), patients with psychiatric complaints but no self‐harm (n = 14,235), and patients with other complaints (n = 16,452). Cohort follow‐up ended on Sept. 30, 2015. Analyses were adjusted for patients' prior histories of ED utilization for chronic conditions as well as patient‐ and area‐level sociodemographic characteristics.ResultsRisk of subsequent ED visits was higher among self‐harm patients compared to non‐psychiatric control patients for subsequent epilepsy‐ (aRR = 1.77, 95% CI [1.42, 2.21]). Risk of subsequent ED visits was higher among psychiatric patients compared to non‐psychiatric control patients for subsequent headache‐ (aRR = 1.31, 95% CI [1.21, 1.42]), and epilepsy‐related problems (aRR = 1.85, 95% CI [1.55, 2.21]). Self‐harm patients were at higher risk than psychiatric patients for subsequent gastrointestinal disorder (aRR = 1.76, 95% CI [1.03, 3.01]).ConclusionsFindings suggest that self‐harm behavior and psychiatric disorders are associated with increased ED utilization for subsequent chronic disease‐related ED utilization. Chronic disease among adolescent psychiatric patients should be attended to, potentially involving new models of clinical follow‐up care.
An Armenian Involvement in Mid-Nineteenth-Century Ethiopia
Authors: Phillipson David W. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract:Two Armenian ecclesiastics from Jerusalem, Isaac and Dimothéos, visited Abyssinia in 1867–1869. The latter’s detailed account of their journey was promptly published, grandiloquently dedicated (with formal permission) to Queen Victoria. The journey has nonetheless received little attention from historians, and the reasons it was made have been poorly understood. An intention to seek release of Europeans imprisoned by King Tewodros (Theodore) of Ethiopia was overtaken by events, the captives’ release being achieved by an expedition from British India before the Armenians arrived. Emphasis was consequently placed on involvement with local politics and ecclesiastical intrigue, both of which are discussed in this paper.
Investigation of the influence of combustion-induced thermal expansion on two-point turbulence statistics using conditioned structure functions
Authors: Sabelnikov V. A. , Lipatnikov A. N. , Nishiki S. , Hasegawa T. 
Published: March 2019

The second-order structure functions (SFs) of the velocity field, which characterize the velocity difference at two points, are widely used in research into non-reacting turbulent flows. In the present paper, the approach is extended in order to study the influence of combustion-induced thermal expansion on turbulent flow within a premixed flame brush. For this purpose, SFs conditioned to various combinations of mixture states at two different points (reactant–reactant, reactant–product, product–product, etc.) are introduced in the paper and a relevant exact transport equation is derived in the appendix. Subsequently, in order to demonstrate the capabilities of the newly developed approach for advancing the understanding of turbulent reacting flows, the conditioned SFs are extracted from three-dimensional (3-D) direct numerical simulation data obtained from two statistically 1-D planar, fully developed, weakly turbulent, premixed, single-step-chemistry flames characterized by significantly different (7.53 and 2.50) density ratios, with all other things being approximately equal. Obtained results show that the conditioned SFs differ significantly from standard mean SFs and convey a large amount of important information on various local phenomena that stem from the influence of combustion-induced thermal expansion on turbulent flow. In particular, the conditioned SFs not only (i) indicate a number of already known local phenomena discussed in the paper, but also (ii) reveal a less recognized phenomenon such as substantial influence of combustion-induced thermal expansion on turbulence in constant-density unburned reactants and even (iii) allow us to detect a new phenomenon such as the appearance of strong local velocity perturbations (shear layers) within flamelets. Moreover, SFs conditioned to heat-release zones indicate a highly anisotropic influence of combustion-induced thermal expansion on the evolution of small-scale two-point velocity differences within flamelets, with the effects being opposite (an increase or a decrease) for different components of the local velocity vector.
Rotating planar gravity currents at moderate Rossby numbers: fully resolved simulations and shallow-water modelling
Authors: Salinas Jorge S. , Bonometti Thomas , Ungarish Marius , Cantero Mariano I. 
Published: March 2019

The flow of a gravity current of finite volume and density $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{1}$ released from rest from a rectangular lock (of height $h_{0}$) into an ambient fluid of density $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{0}$ (${<}\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{1}$) in a system rotating with $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FA}$ about the vertical $z$ is investigated by means of fully resolved direct numerical simulations (DNS) and a theoretical model (based on shallow-water and Ekman layer spin-up theories, including mixing). The motion of the dense fluid includes several stages: propagation in the $x$-direction accompanied by Coriolis acceleration/deflection in the $-y$-direction, which produces a quasi-steady wedge-shaped structure with significant anticyclonic velocity $v$, followed by a spin-up reduction of $v$ accompanied by a slow $x$ drift, and oscillation. The theoretical model aims to provide useful insights and approximations concerning the formation time and shape of wedge, and the subsequent spin-up effect. The main parameter is the Coriolis number, ${\mathcal{C}}=\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FA}h_{0}/(g^{\prime }h_{0})^{1/2}$, where $g^{\prime }=(\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{1}/\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{0}-1)g$ is the reduced gravity. The DNS results are focused on a range of relatively small Coriolis numbers, $0.1\leqslant {\mathcal{C}}\leqslant 0.25$ (i.e. Rossby number $Ro=1/(2{\mathcal{C}})$ in the range $2\leqslant Ro\leqslant 5$), and a large range of Schmidt numbers $1\leqslant Sc<\infty$; the Reynolds number is large in all cases. The current spreads out in the $x$ direction until it is arrested by the Coriolis effect (in ${\sim}1/4$ revolution of the system). A complex motion develops about this state. First, we record oscillations on the inertial time scale $1/\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FA}$ (which are a part of the geostrophic adjustment), accompanied by vortices at the interface. Second, we note the spread of the wedge on a significantly longer time scale; this is an indirect spin-up effect – mixing and entrainment reduce the lateral (angular) velocity, which in turn decreases the Coriolis support to the $\unicode[STIX]{x2202}h/\unicode[STIX]{x2202}x$ slope of the wedge shape. Contrary to non-rotating gravity currents, the front does not remain sharp as it is subject to (i) local stretching along the streamwise direction and (ii) convective mixing due to Kelvin–Helmholtz vortices generated by shear along the spanwise direction and stemming from Coriolis effects. The theoretical model predicts that the length of the wedge scales as ${\mathcal{C}}^{-2/3}$ (in contrast to the Rossby radius $\propto 1/{\mathcal{C}}$ which is relevant for large ${\mathcal{C}}$; and in contrast to ${\mathcal{C}}^{-1/2}$ for the axisymmetric lens).