bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Affect in Jia Zhangke’s 24 City (2008)
Authors: Cheng Grace Y.S. , Lo Louis 
Published: May 2019

Le documentaire 24 City (2008) de Jia Zhangke est constitué d’entretiens des personnes ayant vécu des événements difficiles, voire traumatisants. Ces expériences personnelles sont racontées dans des entretiens mis en scène, juxtaposés à certaines images : images de la démolition d’une grande usine, de travailleurs posant pour un portrait devant la caméra, ou de séquences du processus de démolition et de transformation d’une usine-ville (« Usine 420 ») en un complexe immobilier (dénommé « Ville 24 ») à Chengdu en Chine. Considérant que ces personnes interrogées sont ce qu’Ackbar Abbas appelle des sujets « socialistes posthumes », cet article examine la structure affective du film, en particulier les contenus affectifs condensés dans des éléments non narratifs tels que les intertitres.
Quatre interprétations de la trilogie amoureuse de Wong Kar Wai (le cinéma Sinophone après 1980 ou l’invention de l’Image-émotion)
Authors: Heurtebise Jean-Yves 
Published: May 2019

Qu’est-ce qu’il y a de spécifique au cinéma sinophone après 1980 ? Afin de répondre à cette question, nous allons proposer quatre interprétations de la trilogie amoureuse de Wong Kar Wai en réponse à la question : qu’est-ce qu’une analyse philosophique d’un film ? L’affirmation de Deleuze selon laquelle « la philosophie est la discipline qui consiste à créer des concepts » ne peut avoir qu’une seule signification : le cinéma n’est pas la philosophie, les films n’impliquent pas la création de concepts. Étrangement, le nom de Deleuze a souvent été associé à l’idée opposée : les films sont philosophiques ; film et philosophie ne font qu’un. Dans cet article, nous proposerons quatre lectures de la « trilogie de l’amour » de Wong Kar-wai : sociologique, géopolitique, existentialiste (en référence aux concepts de Kierkegaard) et proprement philosophique (au sens deleuzien, en termes de catégorie sémiotique). Une lecture véritablement philosophique de la trilogie de l’amour de Wong Kar-wai demande de voir ses films comme la révélation cinématographique des catégories spatio-temporelles qui encadrent notre perception/interaction de/avec la « réalité ». En introduisant la catégorie de l’Image-émotion, nous soutiendrons que la trilogie de Wong Kar Wai produit de nouveaux « phatosignes » qui expriment la réalité de notre âge en lequel la valeur même de ce que nous avons n’est reconnue qu’au moment même où nous savons qu’elle est perdue.
La Chine, la France et la Première Guerre mondiale : du symbole à l’histoire
Authors: Bo Xu 
Published: May 2019

La venue en France de 140 000 travailleurs chinois durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale pour participer à l’effort de guerre au côté des alliés et un épisode méconnu de l’histoire des relations franco-chinoises. Sa mémoire devrait cependant contribuer à permettre aux relations entre ces deux pays d’entrer dans une nouvelle ère plus fraternelle.
La modélisation des systèmes urbains : une approche par la physique statistique
Authors: Barthelemy Marc 
Published: May 2019

La disponibilité croissante de données dans divers domaines a permis d’entrevoir ou de renouveler les approches quantitatives pour de nombreux phénomènes. Cela est particulièrement vrai pour les systèmes urbains pour lesquels différents dispositifs à différentes échelles produisent une très grande quantité de données potentiellement utiles pour construire une « nouvelle science des villes ». Un nouveau problème que nous devons résoudre est alors d’extraire des informations utiles de ces énormes ensembles de données et de construire des modèles théoriques pour expliquer les observations empiriques. Dans cet article, nous discutons une approche inspirée par la physique statistique et l’illustrons d’exemples de la répartition spatiale de l’activité dans les villes et de la mobilité urbaine. Classification JEL : C00, C18, R00.
Inégalité intergénérationnelle et recyclage d’une taxe carbone
Authors: Gonand Frédéric 
Published: May 2019

Cet article analyse les effets redistributifs intergénérationnels du recyclage d’une taxe carbone et leur influence sur le choix public quant aux modalités de recyclage de cette taxe. Nous utilisons un modèle à générations imbriquées paramétré sur données réelles. Nous considérons deux scénarios de réforme, selon que la taxe carbone est recyclée par des dépenses publiques plus élevées ou des impôts directs moins élevés – impliquant alors un « deuxième dividende » pour la croissance. Une taxe carbone recyclée par des impôts plus faibles pèse sur le bien-être intertemporel des baby-boomers mais est plus favorable aux jeunes et aux cohortes futures. Surtout, un planificateur social peut recycler une taxe sur le carbone en augmentant les dépenses plutôt qu’en réduisant les impôts si son aversion pour l’inégalité intergénérationnelle est suffisamment élevée.
Cytogenetics' impact on the prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Gupta Monika , Mahapatra Manoranjan , Saxena Renu 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a group of disorders characterized by a spectrum of clinical, morphological, immunophenotypic, and associated chromosomal abnormalities. The identification of cytogenetic abnormalities at diagnosis is important for the evaluation of the response to therapy and the identification of an early reemergence of disease.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Newly diagnosed cases of AML were included in the study. Diagnosis of AML was based on morphology on bone marrow (BM) aspirates, cytochemistry, and flow cytometric immunophenotyping. Chromosomal analysis was performed on BM by short-term unstimulated cultures using standard cytogenetic technique.
RESULTS: There were 25 males and 13 females with age group between 15 and 64 years. Cytogenetic analysis of these cases showed normal karyotype in 10 (26.3%) cases and abnormal karyotype in 28 (73.6%) cases. Cytogenetic finding in AML was divided into three groups: favorable risk, intermediate risk, and unfavorable risk. Patients in the standard risk group responded well to the chemotherapy while patients with intermediate and unfavorable karyotype had relapsed.
CONCLUSION: We recommend that cytogenetics should be performed routinely in all cases of AML. A correlation must be done with various biochemical and hematological parameters, immunophenotyping, and BM morphology. Molecular studies must be integrated with cytogenetic studies for risk stratification at diagnosis to improve therapeutic strategies.
Salmonella osteomyelitis: A rare extraintestinal manifestation of an endemic pathogen
Authors: Rohilla Ranjana , Bhatia Mohit , Gupta Pratima , Singh Arpana , Shankar Ravi , Omar Balram Ji 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and Paratyphi usually cause enteric fever in humans characterized by fever and gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea. Bacteremia is a constant feature of enteric fever, and occasionally, dissemination of bacilli throughout the body results in the establishment of one or more localized foci of persisting infection. This happens especially in patients with preexisting conditions such as hemoglobinopathies, previous joint trauma, surgery, connective tissue diseases, lymphoma, diabetes, alcoholism, immunosuppressive state, and extremes of ages. Rarely, these extraintestinal Salmonella infection cases have also been reported in immunocompetent individuals without any obvious predisposing factors. Salmonella osteomyelitis, a rare sequelae of typhoid, may occur as a result of hematogenous seeding of the bone or joints due to a bacteremic episode. It may also spread from nearby areas of infection or penetrating trauma. Timely diagnosis and treatment of this condition are necessary because if left untreated, it can lead to permanent functional deficits later on. We hereby present a case series with brief review of literature on Salmonella osteomyelitis in immunocompetent patients without any known predisposing conditions over a period of 1 year (2017–2018) from a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Uttarakhand, India.
Castleman's disease associated with calcifying fibrous tumor: A rare association with review of literature
Authors: Marbaniang Evarisalin , Khonglah Yookarin , Dey Biswajit , Shunyu Brian , Gogoi Bidyut 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCastleman's disease is a rare disease characterized by unicentric or multicentric enlargement of the lymph node, and it is mostly of the hyaline vascular type. Calcifying fibrous tumor is a neoplasm characterized by large areas of hyalinized collagen with paucicellular areas along with dystrophic calcification and scattered lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates. There are only five case reports to describe an association between these two entities. We report a case of a 38-year-old male with seropositivity for hepatitis B virus presenting with a right-sided cervical swelling. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was done, and a diagnosis of follicular hyperplasia was offered. Biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of Castleman's disease. However, there was associated calcifying fibrous tumor in the lymph node induced by trauma due to FNAC.
Challenges Related to Implementing the European Charter of Local Self-Government in Spanish Legislation
Authors: Alonso Ángel Iglesias , Iglesias Roberto Barbeito 
Published: May 2019

Spain was one of the first countries to ratify the European Charter of Local Autonomy. Not without some setbacks, its principles have gradually been incorporated into the Spanish legal system as the regional and state laws on local government have been implemented. Its hermeneutics value has undoubtedly proven to be important and the legislator has considered the principles contained in the Charter when developing local laws. Therefore, it can be assured at present that the level of implementation of local autonomy in Spain is reasonably in line with the principles stipulated in the Charter. However, local autonomy in Spain is possibly in a stage of regression at present times, mainly due to the effects of the way to face the financial and economic crisis. Spain, along with other Mediterranean countries, has been required to introduce harsh austerity and adjustment policies which particularly affect the local public sector. In this context, the main challenges which Spain would have to handle in order to fully extend and reinforce local autonomy to completely comply with the principles stipulated in the Charter are outlined in this article.
Fiscal Consolidations in Polish Local Governments in the Period 2008–2016: Course and Causes
Authors: Olejnik Łukasz Wiktor 
Published: May 2019

The article presents strategies of fiscal consolidations conducted in Poland in cities with powiat rights, and a study of causes behind the decision to conduct such fiscal consolidations. Local governments showing an improvement of their public finances have been distinguished; and based on that, a description of various methods of reduction of expenditures, deficit or debt in Polish local governments has been presented. An analysis of data shows the dominance of consolidations on the revenue side. The study has identified few cases of expenditure cuts, and they mostly included investments, public transport and housing expenditures. Besides the description of data concerning fiscal consolidations, the article also presents a multivariate probit regression model and logistic regression model estimated based on panel data aimed at studying the determinants of conducting financial consolidations in a given local government. The hypotheses that macroeconomic variables and the election cycle have a statistically significant effect on the decision to conduct consolidation have been positively verified; whereas the hypothesis that other political factors significantly affect the probability of improvement of the financial situation of a local government have been verified negatively.
Freedom Farmers
Authors: White Monica M. 
Published: May 2019

In the late 1960s, internationally renowned activist Fannie Lou Hamer purchased forty acres of land in the Mississippi Delta, launching the Freedom Farms Cooperative (FFC). A community-based rural and economic development project, FFC would grow to over 600 acres, offering a means for local sharecroppers, tenant farmers, and domestic workers to pursue community wellness, self-reliance, and political resistance. Life on the cooperative farm presented an alternative to the second wave of northern migration by African Americans--an opportunity to stay in the South, live off the land, and create a healthy community based upon building an alternative food system as a cooperative and collective effort. Freedom Farmers expands the historical narrative of the black freedom struggle to embrace the work, roles, and contributions of southern black farmers and the organizations they formed. Whereas existing scholarship generally views agriculture as a site of oppression and exploitation of black people, this book reveals agriculture as a site of resistance and provides a historical foundation that adds meaning and context to current conversations around the resurgence of food justice/sovereignty movements in urban spaces like Detroit, Chicago, Milwaukee, New York City, and New Orleans.
Vertical observations of the atmospheric boundary layer structure over Beijing urban area during air pollution episodes
Authors: Wang Linlin , Liu Junkai , Gao Zhiqiu , Li Yubin , Huang Meng , Fan Sihui , Zhang Xiaoye , Yang Yuanjian , Miao Shiguang , Zou Han , Sun Yele , Chen Yong , Yang Ting 
Published: May 2019

Abstract. We investigated the interactions between the air pollutants and
the structure of the urban boundary layer (UBL) over Beijing by using the data
mainly obtained from the 325 m meteorological tower and a Doppler wind lidar
during 1–4 December 2016. Results showed that the pollution episodes in
this period could be characterized by low surface pressure, high relative
humidity, weak wind, and temperature inversion. Compared with a clean daytime
episode that took place on 1 December, results also showed that the
attenuation ratio of downward shortwave radiation was about 5 %, 24 %
and 63 % in afternoon hours (from 12:00 to 14:00 local standard
time, LST) on 2–4 December, respectively, while for the net radiation
(Rn) attenuation ratio at the 140 m level of the 325 m tower was
3 %, 27 % and 68 %. The large reduction in Rn on
4 December was not only the result of the aerosols, but also clouds. Based on
analysis of the surface energy balance at the 140 m level, we found that the
sensible heat flux was remarkably diminished during daytime on polluted
days and even negative after sunrise (about 07:20 LST) till 14:00 LST on 4
December. We also found that heat storage in the urban surface layer played
an important role in the exchange of the sensible heat flux. Owing to the
advantages of the wind lidar having superior spatial and temporal resolution,
the vertical velocity variance could capture the evolution of the UBL well.
It clearly showed that vertical mixing was negatively related to the
concentrating of pollutants, and that vertical mixing would also be weakened
by a certain quantity of pollutants, and then in turn worsened the pollution
further. Compared to the clean daytime on 1 December, the maximums of the
boundary layer height (BLH) decreased about 44 % and 56 % on
2–3 December, when the average PM2.5 (PM1) concentrations in
afternoon hours (from 12:00 to 14:00 LST) were
44 (48) µg m−3 and 150 (120) µg m−3. Part
of these reductions of the BLH was also contributed by the effect of the heat
storage in the urban canopy.
Slachtoffers van bedrijfsgeweld
Authors: Lauwaert Katrien 
Published: May 2019

Victims of corporate violence. Empirical exploration of a forgotten group – also in restorative justice
This article explores victimisation by corporate violence on the basis of case studies, interviews and focus groups with victims and professionals carried out in the European project Victims and Corporations. The typical characteristics of victimisation by corporate violence are described, as well as the harmful effects for victims and their social context. The problematic aspects of tackling corporate violence through criminal procedures lead to a first evaluation of the possible contribution of restorative processes to this field on the basis of interviews and a focus group with restorative justice professionals.
Herstelrecht en slachtoffers van bedrijfsgeweld
Authors: Aertsen Ivo 
Published: May 2019

Restorative justice and victims of corporate violence
Whether and under which conditions restorative justice can be applied to cases of corporate violence is explored starting from the phenomenon of corporate violence, defined as acts committed by corporations in the course of their regular activities but with harmful consequences for people’s health. Specific characteristics of different types of corporate violence are presented, as well as victims’ needs, experiences and expectations. The applicability of restorative justice, but also the need of its rethinking, is discussed through an analysis of the role of its key actors and the concepts of participation and restoration.
Conclusion
Authors: Chong Wu-Ling 
Published: May 2019

This chapter provides an analysis and summary of the active role of ethnic Chinese in reproducing and perpetuating their ambivalent position as well as in shaping Indonesia’s political, business, and socio-cultural environment in the post-Suharto era. The chapter also suggests that studying the Chinese in Indonesia may direct us to rethink the effect of democratisation on ethnic minorities and the role that those minorities may have in how transformative democratisation can be both for their situation and the betterment of the wider society. Effective enforcement of the rule of law as well as an education system that promotes inter-ethnic understanding and solidarity could promote more open- and reform-minded people, including those from resented, economically dominant minorities, such as the Chinese in Indonesia.
Pakistan: Countering terrorism in Pakistan: Challenges, conundrum and resolution
Authors: Feyyaz Muhammad 
Published: May 2019

Pakistan has achieved significant success in countering terrorism without however, defeating it. The violence thus persists. Not only the countervailing policies have lacked a coherent vision underpinned by a balanced blend of soft and hard approaches, the ongoing mainly the military led effort has also been subverted by important actors in Pakistani state, politics and society. Apart from idiosyncratic national security landscape characterized by a complex set of geopolitical dynamics and foreign interventions, the conundrum resides in a multitude of conflicting viewpoints, policy attitudes and reactions against terrorism. Ironically, the extant terrorism and conflict literature has not systematically sought to understand the causes germinating this peculiar security setting of an important South Asian country which not only deprives critical input to research about non-western responses to terrorism but also hinders in developing objective understanding about sociopolitical conditions and constraints impacting such responses, at times leading to uninformed perceptions. This chapter helps to fill this void.
Estimating the burden of α-thalassaemia in Thailand using a comprehensive prevalence database for Southeast Asia
Authors: Hockham Carinna , Ekwattanakit Supachai , Bhatt Samir , Penman Bridget S , Gupta Sunetra , Viprakasit Vip , Piel Frédéric B 
Published: May 2019

Severe forms of α-thalassaemia, haemoglobin H disease and haemoglobin Bart’s hydrops fetalis, are an important public health concern in Southeast Asia. Yet information on the prevalence, genetic diversity and health burden of α-thalassaemia in the region remains limited. We compiled a geodatabase of α-thalassaemia prevalence and genetic diversity surveys and, using geostatistical modelling methods, generated the first continuous maps of α-thalassaemia mutations in Thailand and sub-national estimates of the number of newborns with severe forms in 2020. We also summarised the current evidence-base for α-thalassaemia prevalence and diversity for the region. We estimate that 3595 (95% credible interval 1,717–6,199) newborns will be born with severe α-thalassaemia in Thailand in 2020, which is considerably higher than previous estimates. Accurate, fine-scale epidemiological data are necessary to guide sustainable national and regional health policies for α-thalassaemia management. Our maps and newborn estimates are an important first step towards this aim.Editorial note: This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (<xref ref-type="decision-letter" rid="SA1">see decision letter</xref>).
Investigation of the p-GaN layer thickness of InGaN-based photoelectrodes for photoelectrochemical hydrogen generation
Authors: Iida Daisuke , Shimizu Takamitsu , Ohkawa Kazuhiro 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We investigated photoelectrochemical hydrogen generation using InGaN-based photoelectrodes with different p-GaN layer thicknesses. It was confirmed that the photocurrent density and hydrogen generation can be enhanced at zero bias between the photoelectrode and counterelectrode. We found that the maximum energy conversion efficiency was 2.0% when using an InGaN-based photoelectrode with a 20-nm-thick p-GaN layer; this was one order larger than for a photoelectrode without a p-GaN layer. The p-GaN layer can pull the potential of the InGaN layer upward, leading to efficient electron–hole separation in the photoabsorption layer and improving carrier transfer from the InGaN layer. By measuring incident photon to current efficiency, it was confirmed that the InGaN layer worked as a photoelectrode since the absorption edge wavelength was around 400 nm.
Impact of quantum dots on III-nitride lasers: a theoretical calculation of threshold current densities
Authors: Tao Renchun , Arakawa Yasuhiko 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We present a theoretical study on the gain and threshold current density of III-nitride quantum dot (QD) and quantum well (QW) lasers with a comprehensive theory model. It is found that at transparency condition the injection current density of QD lasers is about 120 times lower than QW lasers in III-nitrides, while in III-arsenide it is about 15 times. It means that using QDs in III-nitride lasers could be 8 times more efficient than in III-arsenide. This significant improvement in III-nitrides is due to their large effective-masses and the large asymmetry of effective-masses between valence bands and conduction bands. Our results reveal the advantages of using QD for low threshold laser applications in III-nitrides.
450 nm GaInN ridge stripe laser diodes with AlInN/AlGaN multiple cladding layers
Authors: Arakawa Kei , Miyoshi Kohei , Iida Ryosuke , Kato Yuki , Takeuchi Tetsuya , Miyoshi Makoto , Kamiyama Satoshi , Iwaya Motoaki , Akasaki Isamu 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We investigated and improved optical waveguides along the vertical and horizontal directions in 450 nm GaInN laser diodes. As a result, we demonstrated a low threshold current density (1.15 kA cm−2) of a GaInN ridge stripe laser diode containing a 3-pair 40 nm Al0.82In0.18N/25 nm Al0.03Ga0.97N multiple bottom cladding layer at room temperature under pulsed condition. This threshold current density is smaller than our typical value with a 1 μm Al0.03Ga0.97N bottom cladding layer. AlInN/AlGaN multiple layers are useful as n-type cladding layers in visible laser diodes to achieve higher optical confinement factors while smooth surfaces were obtained.