bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Outcomes of Passion in Entrepreneurship
Authors: Stroe Silvia , Thorgren Sara , Wincent Joakim 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter surveys the literature on the outcomes of passion in entrepreneurship. The findings reveal that passion is consequential not only with respect to intrapersonal outcomes (affect, cognition, behavior of the entrepreneur, and performance of their venture) but also for interpersonal results (for stakeholders such as investors or employees). These outcomes, however, are not always beneficial: although passion has been proven to have a host of positive outcomes in entrepreneurship, more and more recent studies have started to uncover its dualistic nature and detrimental effects. The review offers specific suggestions that will be instrumental in carrying out future research regarding the role of passion in entrepreneurship and specifies implications for entrepreneurship practitioners.
Gestural Imaginaries
Authors: Ruprecht Lucia 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Gestural Imaginaries: Dance and Cultural Theory in the Early Twentieth Century offers a new interpretation of European modernist dance by addressing it as guiding medium in a vibrant field of gestural culture that ranges across art and philosophy. Taking further Cornelius Castoriadis’s concept of the social imaginary, it explores this imaginary’s embodied forms. Close readings of dances, photographs, and literary texts are juxtaposed with discussions of gestural theory by thinkers including Walter Benjamin, Sigmund Freud, and Aby Warburg. Choreographic gesture is defined as a force of intermittency that creates a new theoretical status of dance. The book shows how this also bears on contemporary theory. It shifts emphasis from Giorgio Agamben’s preoccupation with gestural mediality to Jacques Rancière’s multiplicity of proliferating, singular gestures, arguing for their ethical and political relevance. Mobilizing dance history and movement analysis, it highlights the critical impact of works by choreographers such as Vaslav Nijinsky, Jo Mihaly, and Alexander and Clotilde Sakharoff. It also offers choreographic readings of Franz Kafka and Alfred Döblin. Gestural Imaginaries proposes that modernist dance conducts a gestural revolution that enacts but also exceeds the insights of past and present cultural theory. It makes a case for archive-based, cross-medial, and critically informed dance studies, transnational German studies, and the theoretical potential of performance itself.
Introduction
Authors: Ruprecht Lucia 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The Introduction gives an outline of the book’s main concepts and themes: it discusses choreographic gesture within the context of early twentieth-century dance, defines it with reference to Walter Benjamin as a force of intermittency that marks movement so that it becomes available for expression and reflection, and explains the book’s notion of the gestural imaginary with reference to Cornelius Castoriadis. It offers a critique of Giorgio Agamben’s and Jacques Rancière’s theories of gesture, shifting emphasis from Agamben’s preoccupation with gestural mediality to Rancière’s multiplicity of proliferating, singular gestures. The Introduction also discusses the book’s both archive-based and theoretically informed methodology, and provides an overview of its thematic organization.
A Second Gestural Revolution and Gesturing Hands in Rainer Maria Rilke, Auguste Rodin, Mary Wigman, and Tilly Losch
Authors: Ruprecht Lucia 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter has two aims: to trace in more detail gestural dance’s ability to realize what Susan Leigh Foster calls “physicality as a discourse”; and to show how modernist dance reflects upon this discursiveness through the pronounced and sometimes self-referential use of hands. Addressing modernist choreography as a second gestural revolution, the chapter argues that it constitutes a recovery, on its own terms, of the meaningful corporeality that was established by the first gestural revolution of the eighteenth-century ballet reform. In order to test Jacques Rancière’s modernist aesthetic of the autonomous subject on a set of examples, the chapter also explores Hilde Doepp’s 1926 book Träume und Masken (Dreams and Masks), Rainer Maria Rilke’s writings on Auguste Rodin, photographs of hands by Albert Renger-Patzsch and Charlotte Rudolph, and the queer aesthetic of Tilly Losch’s Tanz der Hände (Dance of the Hands).
Gestures of Vibrating (Interruption) in Rudolf von Laban, Mary Wigman, and Walter Benjamin
Authors: Ruprecht Lucia 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter compares Rudolf von Laban’s and Mary Wigman’s practices and theories of vibrant gestural flow with Walter Benjamin’s theory of gesture as vibrant or intervallic interruption. For Laban and Wigman, gesture mirrors a vitalist understanding of life that is based on the assumption of transhistorical continuities of vibratory exchange between human and cosmic energy. Benjamin’s Brechtian gestures, by contrast, address historical inscriptions and manipulations of bodies, which provide comment on the conditions of society by subjecting to critique aspects of the idea of flow that pertain to unquestioned political figurations of power. This chapter thus explores three gestural manipulations of vibrant energy, and shows what they engender: in Laban, a process of transmission between dancers and spectators; in Wigman, an “action mode” of movement, which she called “vibrato”; and, in Benjamin, a possibility for philosophical insight, but also a disruptive revolutionary charge.
Gestures between Symptom and Symbol in Aby Warburg and Sigmund Freud
Authors: Ruprecht Lucia 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter addresses the symptomatic and pathological charge of gesturality in the works of Aby Warburg and Sigmund Freud, but it also engages with aspects of Freud’s and Warburg’s writings that are recuperative. It discusses Warburg’s explorations of gesturality, which are traced across his works, next to Freud’s and Breuer’s Studies in Hysteria, and Freud’s essay “The Moses of Michelangelo.” Warburg’s studies of gesture are concerned with transindividual psycho-physical expressions throughout history. Freud’s engagement with gesture, by contrast, remains attached to the individual psyche and its idiosyncrasies. In both thinkers, gesturality at once protects and protects from passionate and pathological impulses, channeling them away from their violent core and transforming them. In the case of Warburg, gestures transform such impulses in a symbolic, externally focused, rather than a symptomatic, internally driven practice. In the case of Freud, the gestural managing of violence in his reading of the Moses pertains to a queer critique of power.
Gestures between the Auratic and the Profane
Authors: Ruprecht Lucia 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the ways in which Niddy Impekoven’s Bach dances and Franz Kafka’s “Conversation with the Supplicant” reenact the embodied tradition of liturgy. It singles out postures of inclination as poses of quiet ecstasy and devout submission to the divine, working closely with Dora Kallmus’s photographs of Impekoven. Impekoven’s posture is read alongside Benjamin’s observations on inclination (Neigung) in the Bible illustrations of medieval miniature painting, which he rediscovers in expressionist art, and which he links to historical instances of collective guilt. It is also read alongside an extravagant reenactment of prostration in Kafka, which constitutes an instance of Agambian profanation. Kafka shows how modified reenactments of a given gestural vocabulary undermine this vocabulary’s conditions of meaning; Impekoven in turn demonstrates how such conditions of meaning can be enhanced.
Locke’s epistemological turn and his polemic against innatism
Authors: Dicker Georges 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter explains Locke’s stance that we should examine our own powers of knowing before tackling the big metaphysical and moral questions, and analyzes his attack on the doctrine that basic logical, metaphysical, and moral principles are innately known. It argues that this attack is not directed against a straw man, and describes the motivation for it. It explains the difference between the “naïve” or occurrent version and the dispositional version of innatism and the difference between speculative principles and practical principles. It analyzes Locke’s critique of what he regards as the chief argument for innatism, the argument from universal consent. It expounds his critique of both occurrent innatism and dispositional innatism, and of both types of allegedly innate principles. It suggests that the attack on dispositional innatism needs to be supplemented by Locke’s positive view about the acquisition of our ideas in order to be compelling.
Introduction
Authors: Inglis Patrick 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Thomas L. Friedman, an op-ed writer, has suggested that India, and the world, is flat, with many more opportunities available to poor and working-class Indians on account of innovations in software technology and telecommunications. Critics have largely panned this interpretation of globalization and its effects, typically citing growing inequality in India and across developed and developing societies alike. These same critics, however, ignore the way Friedman’s preferred and often widely adopted policy initiatives—privatization, deregulation, and limited government—actually draw rich and poor together, rather than pull them apart, as is often maintained. Poor and working-class individuals seek out the rich to provide support in the form of wages, interest-free loans, and other benefits unavailable in the society. The chapter draws on the case of poor and lower-caste golf caddies working at the side of wealthy club members in Bangalore to elaborate the limits and consequences of such relationships.
Going Places
Authors: Inglis Patrick 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Madhu, a one-time caddy at Eagleton still living in Banandur, is a Dalit, or former Untouchable. Though he never experienced caste bias in the golf club, he regularly encountered such bias in the village when he was a child. Fortunately, his father’s land, which is only increasing in value in this part of the state, and his caste background provide him an opening to improve himself and weigh the prospect of leaving not only caddy work but also the village. A beneficiary of India’s system of caste reservations, Madhu wins seats in quality high schools and colleges, and looks to build on these achievements with a career in business. Madhu’s more advantaged peers, however, in part because they are comfortable in their caste privileges, languish in dead-end factory jobs without the possibility of permanent employment and the long-term stability it would bring.
On the Path to Development
Authors: Inglis Patrick 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Land sales driven by speculation in and around Eagleton, outside Bangalore, have only hastened in the last decade. Even as family land is being divided and sold off, jobs at factories owned by multinational corporations like Coca-Cola, Toyota, and Bosch are no more likely to hire permanent workers as before. The bonds between caddies at the club are also fraying, as a result. Solidarity that once upon a time held them together as a group willing and able to confront club administration is now fractured. Some are doing well, while a growing number are struggling to make ends meet without land to fall back on and with tips from caddy work that fall short as a primary means of income. Making matters worse, the neediest caddies cannot rely on members to support them, as this kind of servile and deferential relationship is not common at the club like it is in other clubs in the city, given the members and guests’ infrequent visits to Eagleton and a longer history of detachment between caddies and members.
Contestation
Authors: Yates David C. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Chapter 3 examines the intensity with which commemorative disputes over the Persian War were pursued through the example of Delphi, where several states propounded different and often contrary assertions about the war. The spatial relationships between these monuments show clear signs of commemorative dialogue and competition. Yates examines two such dialogues: one about participation that emerged around the Serpent Column, and another about hegemony that can be seen at the base of the Sacred Way near the Marathon statue group. The stakes in these disputes could be quite high. Claims to the Persian War were advertised with sumptuous and expensive monuments. Those who failed to persuade could face political isolation or even invasion.
Missing Protections
Authors: Fox Dov 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
No governmental agency or authority seriously polices reproductive negligence. The best practices set forth by industry organizations are completely voluntary and routinely ignored, and there isn’t even any reliable or comprehensive system to track the wrongful thwarting of family planning. The breakneck pace of reproductive advances isn’t the only reason that test tubes and tube ties have eluded meaningful oversight: Four factors explain this regulatory vacuum. First, many are wary of ceding the state control on any matter involving procreation—red tape would raise prices on valuable services, making it harder for poor people to pay for them. Second is the political economy of reproductive technology in the United States: The free-market origins of infertility treatment let it develop unimpeded by government oversight, in the private sphere of for-profit clinics that function less as medical practices than trade businesses. A third factor that cuts against regulation is its murky electoral implications, even in reliably red or blue districts—fear of fracturing their political bases leads prudent officials to avoid wading into the morass. Fourth and finally is the limited public outcry to address reproductive negligence. Besides, steep costs and selective treatment coverage leaves many patients unable even to fund a legal challenge if things go wrong. State legislatures place damage caps and other barriers in the way of bringing suit. And trials can be a spectacle for plaintiffs wary of exposing personal matters to the public glare of open court.
Conclusion
Authors: Fox Dov 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We’re used to blaming randomness or cosmic injustice when we don’t get the child we want, or when we get the one we don’t. Now cutting-edge interventions promise to deliver us from the vagaries of natural conception and the genetic lottery: Birth control and abortion prevent parenthood; gamete donation and IVF make procreation possible; and prenatal testing can detect debilitating offspring diseases even before pregnancy. These undertakings are still riddled with uncertainty—sometimes things just don’t work out; but that’s no reason to turn a blind eye when bad behavior is at fault. The American legal system protects against professional negligence in other inherently risky activities, from riding in a car to preparing a meal. Courts lay off when fate or accidents are responsible—when deer pop out onto dark roads, or homemade chicken is undercooked. But the law doesn’t hesitate to respond when auto crashes are traced to defective brakes, or food poisoning to unsanitary farming. Reproductive medicine and technology shouldn’t be any different—the stakes are high, and important interests hang in the balance. Just because would-be parents are accustomed to disappointment—because many of us have resigned ourselves to spontaneous miscarriage, or unplanned pregnancy, or an unexpected roll of the genetic dice—doesn’t make those outcomes any less serious, or misconduct that produces them any less worthy of recovery. Reproductive negligence today goes undeterred, unreported, and unredressed—the architecture of rights for procreation deprived, imposed, and confounded equips us to rethink and resolve the controversies that lie ahead.
Dimensions of Cultural Variation
Authors: Smith Peter B. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
To understand cultural differences, we need to find ways to characterize the variations in the social contexts in which people are located. To do so, we must focus on differences between contexts rather than differences between individuals. Most research of this type has examined differences between nations in terms of dimensions. Treating each nation as a unit, contrasts have been identified in terms of values, beliefs, self-descriptions, and social norms. The most influential difference identified concerned the dimension of individualism–collectivism, which has provided the theoretical framework for numerous studies. The validity of this type of investigation rests on close attention to aspects of measurement to ensure that respondents are able to make the necessary judgments and to respond in ways that are not affected by measurement bias. Where many nations are sampled, multilevel modeling can be used to show the ways in which dimensions of culture affect social behaviors.
Culture and Personality
Authors: Allik Jüri , Realo Anu 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In this chapter, the authors discuss the relationship between culture and personality. A standard theoretical position that these two concepts are inseparably entangled is challenged. Understanding of the relationship between culture and personality has developed under the pressure of two opposite principles, one of which postulates that all human beings, regardless of their culture or race, share the same basic psychological and cognitive make-up, and the second, which maintains that everything around us is produced by culture, which penetrates even the deepest layers of the human mind. Because little in nature and especially in culture meet universality criteria in the strict sense, universalism and relativism are not two mutually excluding alternatives. Universal and culture-specific aspects of personality and psychopathology are discussed. Although personality psychology has been very fascinated by all kinds of cultural differences and unique details, it has predominantly been the psychic unity of humankind that has emerged from cross-cultural studies.
The Culturally Situated Self
Authors: Rosenmann Amir , Kurman Jenny 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The impact of culture on the self, the most fundamental unit of psychological inquiry, has captivated scholarly interest for decades. In this chapter, the authors review strands from this prolific body of cross-cultural research, sampled along several lines. They plot a rough trajectory from the early discussions of cultural forms of self-construal to emergent research in online presentation and consumer selfhood. They then illustrate culture’s profound effects on the cognitive, affective, and behavioral facets of the self by reviewing cultural variations in individuals’ self-concept, self-regard, and self-presentation. This cultural divergence notwithstanding, they argue for the universality of basic self-processes. Specifically, the authors claim that the need for positive self-regard and the motivation for self-enhancement exist in all cultural contexts, even as their cultural manifestations radically differ. The chapter concludes with an exploration of self-psychology in the current globalizing age, where cultures around the world are reformatted as consumer cultures.
The Fixers
Authors: Palmer Lindsay 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This book conducts a cultural analysis of the labor of the news fixer—the locally based media employee who helps international correspondents research stories, set up interviews, translate foreign languages, and navigate unfamiliar regions. Foreign reporters often say that their work would be impossible without these local news assistants. Yet, fixers are among some of the most exploited and persecuted people contributing to the production of international news. Targeted by militant groups, by their own governments, or even by their own neighbors, fixers must often engage in a precarious balancing act between appeasing their community members and pleasing the correspondents who visit from faraway. Though foreign news outlets routinely depend upon news fixers’ insider awareness of politically tense situations in order to keep their own reporters safe in the field, fixers themselves continually face detainment, injury, and death. Even so, international news organizations almost never provide their fixers with hazardous environment training or medical insurance. What is more, fixers rarely receive professional credit from the reporters who hire them, suggesting that their often life-threatening labor is deeply undervalued. Drawing upon 75 interviews with fixers from 39 different countries, this book argues that although fixers’ labor is essential to international news reporting, it is still relegated to the shadows of the international news industry.
Rehearsing Restraint
Authors: Bull Anna 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis chapter analyses the structure of the rehearsal process to reveal norms of bodily practice that can be linked to theorizations of how white identities are embodied. This analysis also reveals a contradiction: the body is required to be present in order to create sound but is at the same time effaced or transcended. The mechanisms through which this occurs included ‘controlled excitement’: cultivating strong emotions but always keeping them under control. This was both an aesthetic quality and a social disposition that was cultivated within classical music practice. This disposition was drawn on in rehearsals in ways that highlighted apparently disembodied qualities in European music while bodily presence was emphasized in non-European music. This mode of embodiment maps onto a raced, classed, and gendered hierarchy of value in which women and non-white others are associated with the bodily and white men with the cognitive.
On the Identification and Analysis of Social Norms and the Heuristic Relevance of Deviant Behaviour
Authors: Mertens Karl 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The chapter shows that a conceptual and phenomenologically grounded approach to social norms provides useful insights into the question of whether normativity is an exclusively human phenomenon. Social norms are to be distinguished from social rules like conventions, customs, moral norms, and institutional norms. The exact character of social norms is revealed most clearly in cases of transgression, i.e. by considering social reactions to persons disobeying or violating what is requested on a normative level. In these contexts, it also becomes clear that one becomes explicitly aware of pre-existing social norms through sanctions against norm-deviant behaviour. Since sanctions need not be verbal, they make it possible to consider cases of social normativity also in the area of animal behaviour. In its analysis of norm-deviant behaviour, the chapter integrates both holistic and individualistic methodologies.
The Emergence of Moral Normativity
Authors: Bayertz Kurt 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The aim of this chapter is to provide an interpretation of moral ought which, on the one hand, affiliates to diverging philosophical interpretations of ought and takes up some of their insights, while on the other hand remains compatible with the findings of the relevant empirical sciences. The starting point for this interpretation is the assumption that human beings (like animals) have interests concerning not only (external) nature, but also the fellow members of their own species: they want something from them, and try to influence their behaviour accordingly. The central hypothesis of this contribution is that (a) the roots of moral normativity are to be found in such volitions, but that (b) one can only speak of moral normativity once these volitions have been institutionalised within a community and thus become a social reality which is (relatively) independent of the individuals involved. Moral ought is then to be viewed as the institutionalised and exteriorised volition of the members of a community.