bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the effects of destructive factors on pulse repetition interval modulation type recognition using deep convolutional neural networks based on transfer learning
Authors: Khodabandeh Mahshid , Mahmoodzadeh Azar , Agahi Hamed 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAutomation and self‐sufficiency in the complex environment of modern electronic warfare (EW) are critical and necessary issues in electronic intelligence and support systems to detect real‐time and accurate threat radars. The task of these systems is to search, discover, analyse, and identify the parameters of radar signals. However, recognition pulse repetition interval (PRI) modulation is challenging in natural environments due to destructive factors, including missing pulses (MP), spurious pulses (SP), and large outliers (LO) (caused by antenna scanning), which lead to noisy sequences of PRI variation patterns. The current article examines the effects of destructive factors on recognising PRI modulation in radar signals using deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs). The article uses simulations based on the actual environment to generate data and consider destructive factors with different percentages. The number of images obtained by applying the sum of destructive factors for each range of destructive factors (with different percentages) considered is 30,000. It is common for six types of modulation. Then, the DCNN models, including VGG16, ResNet50V2, InceptionV3, Xception, and MobileNetV2, are trained using the transfer learning method. The simulation results show that the accuracy of training and testing the models decreases significantly with the increase in the percentage of destructive factors. Also, the effects of the model type on the performance of the models have been investigated, and the results have shown that some models are more resistant to destruction and retain more accuracy. Finally, this analysis shows that to improve the performance of deep neural network (DNN) techniques in the face of changes caused by destructive factors, it is necessary to pay attention to these factors and apply appropriate strategies.
Evaluating the role of prosumers in providing energy systems with flexibility products
Authors: Esmaeili‐Nezhad Amir , Ostovar Sara , Moeini‐Aghtaie Moein 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIncreasing the penetration of renewables on the demand side causes operational challenges in distribution grids due to their variable and uncertain behaviour. These resources have increased distribution grid net load fluctuation during recent years, which needs to be covered by demand side flexibility (DSF). DSF should be quantified and measured by a suitable index to show the level of a system DSF in different situations. In this paper, the flexibility area index of distribution systems as a suitable metric for prosumers’ DSF evaluation, especially in the presence of renewable sources, is calculated. This index is defined first for one prosumer and then extended to a distribution system by a combination of prosumer indices. The mentioned index is decomposed into two components, one for ramp‐up (negative flexibility) and another for ramp‐down (positive flexibility). To calculate and manage prosumers’ flexibility, a novel flexibility‐oriented stochastic framework for prosumers is suggested. The amount of load shedding is under control by the risk‐management strategy in the proposed framework, which can facilitate distribution system operator operation. The results obtained from the implementation of the case study validate the major features of the proposed framework more efficiently.
Improved indoor localization using k‐medoids and k‐nearest neighbour algorithms with context similarity coefficient‐based fingerprint similarity metric
Authors: Yaro Abdulmalik Shehu , Maly Filip , Maly Karel , Prazak Pavel 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFingerprint database clustering and localization using k‐medoids and k‐nearest neighbour (k‐NN) algorithms respectively typically use distance‐based fingerprint similarity metrics, with their performances dependent on the type of distance metric used. This paper proposes employing a pattern‐based metric, the context similarity coefficient (CSC), for both algorithms instead of traditional distance‐based metrics. The CSC accounts for fingerprint behaviour and the non‐linear relationships among fingerprints during the similarity measurement. The performance of both algorithms with the CSC as the similarity metric is evaluated on four publicly available fingerprint databases, using position root mean square error (RMSE) and silhouette score as performance metrics. These results are compared to those of the same algorithms using five distance‐based metrics: Euclidean, square Euclidean, Manhattan, cosine, and Chebyshev distances. The k‐medoids algorithm with CSC shows moderate clustering performance compared to the five distance‐based metrics considered. However, when combined with the k‐NN algorithm also using CSC, it achieves the highest localization accuracy, with at least a 29% improvement in position RMSE across all four databases. The results indicate that while k‐medoids with CSC may not create well‐separated clusters, combining it with the k‐NN algorithm with CSC as its similarity metric significantly enhances localization accuracy compared to distance‐based metrics.
Bilan d’imagerie radiographique axiale chez le cheval
Authors: de Fourmestraux Claire , Bouillaut Carla 
Published: November 2024

Du fait des avancées récentes des modalités d’imagerie en équine, notamment en radiographie numérique, la radiographie des régions axiales permet l’acquisition d’images de haute qualité. Il devient alors possible d’imager la colonne vertébrale au niveau cervical et thoraco-lombaire de façon standardisée. Cela permet d’obtenir un bilan radiographique complet rendant possible une évaluation ostéo-articulaire complète et précise au moment de la réalisation de l’examen. Son interprétation nécessite la maîtrise de l’anatomie de la région ciblée, mais également de la technique d’acquisition de l’image radiographique et des principes de radioprotection. Ces bilans d’imagerie doivent être interprétés à la lumière de l’évaluation globale du cheval, afin de faire le lien entre les lésions observées et leur réelle implication clinique. L’examen radiographique apporte de nombreuses informations, mais peut ne pas s’avérer suffisant pour conclure. D’autres techniques d’imageries avancées complémentaires peuvent être nécessaires afin d’aboutir au diagnostic. L’examen radiographique reste néanmoins l’examen complémentaire dit de « première ligne » pour évaluer le squelette axial du cheval.
Anesthésie intrasynoviale du pied du cheval
Authors: Duarte Castro Daniela 
Published: November 2024

L’anesthésie intrasynoviale du pied est utilisée comme outil de diagnostic des boiteries. Elle permet de déterminer la présence ou l’absence de douleurs localisées au niveau du pied et provoquées par des blessures traumatiques ou des maladies impliquant des structures de l’articulation interphalangienne distale ou de la bourse naviculaire [5].
Pour le pied, deux anesthésies intrasynoviales sont principalement réalisées : celle de l’articulation interphalangienne distale (AIPD) et celle de la bourse naviculaire. L’anesthésie intrasynoviale de l’articulation interphalangienne distale aura un effet sur cette articulation, la bourse naviculaire, l’os naviculaire et ses ligaments suspenseurs, la région de la pointe de la sole et, pour la plupart des chevaux, la partie du tendon fléchisseur digital profond située dans le pied [6]. L’anesthésie de la bourse naviculaire permet de différencier la douleur localisée dans la bourse de celle provenant de l’AIPD ; elle peut également désensibiliser la région de la mamelle de la sole [3]. Dans les deux cas, la diffusion du produit est à prendre en compte lors de l’interprétation de la suppression de la douleur des structures pouvant être impliquées.
Cet article cherche à décrire succinctement les techniques permettant d’effectuer correctement cette procédure, en décrivant étape par étape et en donnant des recommandations pour la pratique.
Recent Advances in Combining Photo- and N-Heterocycle Nitrenium Catalysis
Authors: Tu Yong-Liang , Chen Xiang-Yu , Li Xiang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractN-Heterocyclic nitreniums (NHNs) are isoelectronic and isostructural analogues of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs). Unlike NHCs, NHNs are much less developed. While a comprehensive understanding of NHN reactivity remains elusive, recent advancements have demonstrated their utility as Lewis acid catalysts, photoreductants, and photooxidants, leading to several reaction patterns. In this short review, we focus on the applications of NHNs in photoredox reactions. We also discuss the mechanisms behind these transformations and outline future research directions.1	Introduction2	Application of N-Heterocyclic Nitreniums as Photoreductants3	Application of N-Heterocyclic Nitreniums to Facilitate Photohomolysis4	Application of N-Heterocyclic Nitreniums as Photooxidants5	Conclusion
Revision of Hip Luxation in a Canine Total Hip Replacement Caused by a Greater Trochanteric Fracture Secondary to an Inflammatory Granuloma
Authors: Bassanino Jean , Guiot Laurent P. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA hip luxation 3 years following a cementless total hip replacement was diagnosed in a 4.7-year-old neutered male Lagotto Romagnolo that presented with a non-weight-bearing left pelvic limb lameness. Orthogonal radiographs revealed a left hip luxation and an osteolytic fracture of the greater trochanter. A mass consistent with an inflammatory granuloma was identified on preoperative computed tomography scan. Surgical revision consisted of granuloma excision, replacement of the loose acetabular cup, and repair of the femoral fracture with a locking plate. Fracture biology was augmented with the use of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP2) impregnated collagen sponge applied around the acetabulum and femoral fracture site. Osteointegration of the prosthetics and fracture healing were documented within 3 months of revision. Long-term follow-up at 3 years postrevision showed normal limb usage and no further evidence of total hip replacement complication.
Epidemiology of Acute Infectious Diarrhea-Associated Viruses in Children in Hangzhou, China, 2023
Authors: Guo Ya-jun , Li Lin , Lai Qin-rui , Li Wei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of children infected with diarrheal virus in Hangzhou, China, 2023.
Methods From January 2023 to December 2023, 20,939 stool samples from children with acute infectious diarrhea were collected for the detection of rotavirus A and human adenovirus (HAdV), using latex agglutination detection kits; 7,584 stool samples were collected for the detection of norovirus, using real-time polymerase chain reaction reagent.
Results A total of 639 (3.0%, 639/20,939) tested positive for rotavirus A, and 1,201 (5.7%, 1,201/20,939) positive samples were detected by colloidal gold method. The positive rates of norovirus were 42.2% (3,203/7,585). Among all age groups, the rotavirus A positive detection rate was the highest in participants aged 3 to 6 years (6.46%, 260/4,024). The monthly distribution of patients with rotavirus A showed that the number of cases was the lowest in October (0.45%, 8/1,779) and reached the peak in April (7.97%, 144/1,806). The highest and lowest positive rates among all age groups for HAdV were found in children aged 3 to 6 years(8.27%, 333/4,024) and in those aged 0 to 6 months (2.21%, 60/2,717). The monthly positivity rates of HAdV spanning from January to November 2023 were 1.38, 1.44, 2.34, 3.65, 6.64, 7.71, 7.54, 7.13, 6.82, 4.15, and 6.50%, and reached the peak in December (8.17%). For norovirus, children aged 1 to 3 years had the highest positive detection rate (57.95%, 1,349/2,328), while infants aged 0 to 6 months had the lowest positive detection rate (19.60%, 205/1,046). The results show that January had the lowest number of cases (14.63%, 6/41), while September had the highest (50.51%, 545/1,079).
Conclusion The detection rate of rotavirus A and HAdV was highest among participants aged 3 to 6 years, whereas the detection rate of norovirus was highest among those aged 1 to 3 years. The monthly distribution peaks for the three enteric viruses varied significantly.
Comparison of suckling and artificial rearing on calf growth and milk requirements in pastoral dairy systems
Authors: Bryant Racheal H. , Beckett Paige , Tey Lucas , Burgess Riki , Curtis Jeffery , Heiser Axel , Turner Sally-Anne , Hodgkinson Alison J. 
Published: November 2024

Context Dairy calf-rearing practises have the potential to influence profitability through milk requirements at rearing, and affect lifetime productivity and market access from an animal-welfare perspective. Aims The aim of this research was to compare calf growth and milk requirements by using conventional artificial rearing (AR) and restricted milk allocation with AR and high milk allocation or suckled calves. Methods Forty-five Friesian × Jersey calves were allocated to be either AR on 6 L/calf.day, (ARC) or 12 L/calf.day, (ARH), or suckled with dams in a cow–calf contact system using partial contact (15 h/day, CCC). AR calves were fed, and intake measured, using an automatic feeder, whereas CCC calves had access to their dams between 1500 hours and 0600 hours. Calves were transitioned off milk, once they reached at least 75 kg liveweight (LW), by gradually reducing their milk allocation (AR) or reducing access to their dam (CCC). Key results Milk consumption for ARH was greater than for ARC calves (382 vs 450 L/calf, P < 0.05), whereas for CCC calves milk-yield difference between dams for the control and suckling groups during the suckling period and over the full season was 706 and 1048 L/cow respectively. There was no difference in weaning weight of calves (87 ± 1.7 kg LW), but, owing to differences in pre-weaning growth rate, age to weaning was youngest (P < 0.05) for CCC (55 days), followed by ARH (62 days) and ARC (73 days). Respective growth rates between birth and weaning (P < 0.001) for CCC, ARH and ARC calves were 0.955, 0.873 and 0.755 ± 0.028 kg/day. Although there was a growth check among CCC calves during the weaning period, there were no post-weaning differences in growth rate among the groups. Conclusions Increasing milk allowance had the benefit of improving calf pre-weaning growth rate, giving the option of weaning calves either earlier or when heavier. However, milk yield losses under suckling systems may be too high to warrant the elevated pre-weaning growth of calves. Implications The costs–benefits of high milk allocation or suckling systems need to be ascertained over the lifetime of the animals to assess long-term survival and productivity outcomes.
BSN: The First Photometric Analysis of Contact Binary Systems V1961 Cyg and V0890 Lyr
Authors: Baudart Sabrina , Poro Atila 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We presented the first photometric analysis of the V1961 Cyg and V0890 Lyr binary systems. We observed and analyzed these systems at an observatory in France as part of the Binary Systems of South and North (BSN) Project. We extracted and collected the times of minima from the observations and literature and presented a new ephemeris for each system. Due to the few observations about these systems over the years, both O–C diagrams were fitted linearly. The PHysics Of Eclipsing BinariEs (PHOEBE) Python code and the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method were used for light curve solutions. The light curve solution required a cold starspot on the hotter component in the V1961 Cyg binary system. We compared and have close agreements between our mass ratios’ results from the light curve analysis processes and a new method based on the light curve derivative. We estimated the absolute parameters using an empirical relationship between the semimajor axis and orbital period for contact binary systems. The results show V1961 Cyg and V0890 Lyr are W-type contact binary systems. We displayed stars and systems’ positions in the M–L, M–R, and

log

M

tot

−

logJ

0

diagrams. We also presented a new relationship between mass ratio and luminosity ratio.
Modelled Cost Reductions for the X-Rotor Offshore Wind Turbine
Authors: Devoy McAuliffe F , Anderson F , Carroll J , Murphy J 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The XROTOR project is developing an innovative turbine (X-Rotor Concept - XRC) that is a Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT)/Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT) hybrid. The objective of this paper is to assess the XRC Levelised Cost of Energy (LCoE), applying different sensitivity analysis to determine a realistic LCoE range. This will then be compared with LCoE estimates for three traditional HAWT drivetrain configurations to evaluate the potential cost savings for the XRC.
The paper considers a hypothetical farm of 100x5MW XRCs on generic monopiles, 100km from shore and commissioned in 2030 with a 30-year project. Analysis uses the University of Strathclyde Operation and Maintenance (O&M) model and an LCoE tool developed by University College Cork to calculate results. Sensitivity analysis varies key cost driving elements and uncertain inputs including the O&M strategy, distance from shore and the financial assumptions to determine an optimised LCoE estimated range. Results for the XRC are then compared with estimates derived using the same methodology for the HAWT configurations.
Analysis indicates that the novel design may facilitate cost reductions, reducing OPEX by removing heavy components that would require costly heavy lift vessels to maintain. It also removes the failure modes around the gearbox, multi-pole generator and yaw system. The XRC could also reduce the capital cost of drivetrains through a power take-off approach that does not require a gearbox or a multi-pole generation but achieves comparable levels of power conversion. Ultimately the XRC could achieve LCoE cost reductions of 10-19%, compared with the traditional HAWTs. Further savings are considered possible but require additional design and analysis that are outside the scope of this paper.
Influence of wind farm fault current control strategies on distance protection during unsymmetrical faults
Authors: Holdyk A. , Suul J. A. , Marvik J. I. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper evaluates the performance of distance protection near a wind farm with type IV wind turbines with various basic fault current control strategies implemented in the power converters. The considered fault control strategies include control of purely positive sequence currents or combined positive and negative sequence currents for reactive power support of various magnitudes. A multi-variable study is performed in PSCAD to show performance of a basic algorithm of distance protection at a 420 kV line in a vicinity of the wind farm. The results show that the majority of relay failures occur for phase-phase-ground faults, that reactive current control has less influence in strong grid than in weak grid, and that standard wind turbine fault control procedure of providing balanced current might result in fault currents much smaller than maximum allowed (usually 1.2 pu).
Using Large Language Models to Recommend Repair Actions for Offshore Wind Maintenance
Authors: Walker C , Rothon C , Aslansefat K , Papadopoulos Y , Dethlefs N 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Offshore Wind (OSW) industry is experiencing significant expansion, resulting in increased Operations & Maintenance (O&M) costs. Intelligent alarm systems offer the prospect of swift detection of component failures and process anomalies, enabling timely and precise interventions that could yield reductions in resource expenditure, as well as scheduled and unscheduled downtime. This paper introduces an innovative approach to tackle this challenge by capitalising on Large Language Models (LLMs). We present a specialised conversational agent that incorporates statistical techniques to calculate distances between sentences for the detection and filtering of hallucinations and unsafe output. This potentially enables improved interpretation of alarm sequences and the generation of safer repair action recommendations by the agent. Preliminary findings are presented with the approach applied to ChatGPT-4 generated test sentences. The limitation of using ChatGPT-4 and the potential for enhancement of this agent through re-training with specialised OSW datasets are discussed.
Efficient calculation of deformation and FEM stress for substructures of floating wind turbines
Authors: Bredmose H. , Hansen A.M. , Fiskvik S. , Merino D. , Li H. , Gao Z. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Design tools for floating wind turbines must be able to quantify the effects of elastic substructure flexibility. The implementation in HAWC2 is here validated against a physical model test with a generic floater. Next, the detailed stresses in the substructure require Finite Element Modelling (FEM). When the deformations are small, linear analysis is sufficient and superposition can be utilized. Thus following modest pre-computation, stress time series for any random realization can be achieved efficiently through influence functions and FFT based transfer functions. We present a proof of concept here.
Mooring line materials for mini-TLP platforms
Authors: Papadopoulou S , Trompouki A , Tsakalomatis D , Peppas A 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The present paper aims to compare the different types of mooring lines and materials with respect to motions and performance of a mini-Tension-Leg Platform. FloatMast®, that has been deployed in the Aegean Sea and completed a 1-year successful offshore site assessment, is a mini TLP and its structural model was used to evaluate the different mooring systems. Synthetic ropes, as alternative to wire ropes, have been introduced recently for mini TLPs, and their performance in these types of offshore platforms is of notable interest, both performance and marketwise. The simulations were conducted using DNV’s software SESAM suite and address operational as well as extreme wave conditions. The results present, for all materials, the performance of each mooring line in terms of axial tension and platform movement.
Controller influence on the fatigue of a floating wind turbine and load case impact assessment
Authors: Sánchez Alberto , Vicinay Mikel , Sánchez Miren , Flores Imanol , López-Queija Javier , Busturia Jesús 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The assessment of fatigue in Floating Offshore Wind Turbines (FOWT) is a complex and widely debated topic within the industry. The dynamic behaviour of FOWT is heavily influenced by sea and wind conditions, which can significantly challenge the achievement of structural integrity and performance objectives. Additionally, the interaction of blade aerodynamics and control strategies further complicates this assessment. This study evaluates the impact of different control strategies and blade formulations on both the expected real performance and the estimated fatigue of FOWT. While control strategies can influence both the expected real performance and fatigue estimations, the blade formulation primarily affects the accuracy of performance estimations without altering the actual expected performance. However, the blade formulation can significantly modify the fatigue estimation of the FOWT. Damage Equivalent Loads (DEL) calculation is a commonly used method for assessing fatigue. However, while individual DEL calculations are useful, they do not show the contribution of each load case to the overall fatigue, since they do not consider the probability of occurrence. Therefore, this paper proposes a new method of normalising DEL, allowing for comparison of loading cases and identifying operational areas that pose greater fatigue risks. The findings underscore the substantial impact that different control strategies and blade designs can have on fatigue and overall performance. Essentially, there is a trade-off between maximising power output and minimising fatigue damage.