bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic Interventions for Scapular Kinematics and Disability in Patients With Subacromial Impingement: A Systematic Review
Authors: Takeno Katsumi , Glaviano Neal R. , Norte Grant E. , Ingersoll Christopher D. 
Published: March 2019

ContextImpaired scapular kinematics are commonly reported in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS). Various therapeutic interventions designed to improve scapular kinematics and minimize pain and disability have been described in the literature. However, the short- and long-term benefits of these interventions are unclear.ObjectiveTo determine the effects of specific short- and long-term therapeutic interventions on scapular kinematics and disability in patients with SIS.Data SourcesWe searched PubMed, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus databases from their origins to January 2018 using a combination of the key words scapular kinematics AND (shoulder dysfunction OR subacromial impingement) and conducted a manual search by reviewing the references of the identified papers.Study SelectionStudies were included if (1) preintervention and postintervention measures were available; (2) patient-reported outcomes were reported; (3) scapular kinematics measures at 90° of ascending limb elevation in the scapular plane were included; (4) SIS was diagnosed in participants or participants self-reported symptoms of SIS; (5) they were original clinical studies published in English; and (6) the sample sizes, means, and measure of variability for each group were reported.Data ExtractionSeven studies were found. Sample sizes, means, and standard deviations of scapular upward rotation, posterior tilt, and internal rotation at 90° of ascending limb elevation on the scapular plane and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand scores were extracted.Data SynthesisStandardized mean differences between preintervention and postintervention measures with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. We observed that the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand scores improved (mean difference = 0.85; 95% CI = 0.54, 1.16) but did not observe changes in scapular upward rotation (mean difference = −0.04; 95% CI = −0.31, 0.22), posterior tilt (mean difference = −0.09; 95% CI = −0.32, 0.15), or internal rotation (mean difference = 0.06; 95% CI = −0.19, 0.31).ConclusionsThe short- and long-term therapeutic interventions for SIS improved patient-reported outcomes but not scapular kinematics. The identified improvements in shoulder pain and function were not likely explained by changes in scapular kinematics.
Prospective Comparison of Ultrasound-Guided Versus Palpation Techniques for Arterial Line Placement by Residents in a Teaching Institution
Authors: Yeap Yar Luan , Wolfe John W. , Stewart Jennifer , Backfish Kevin M. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT

Background
Arterial line insertion is traditionally done by blind palpation. Residents may need multiple attempts for successful insertion, leading to longer procedure times and many failed attempts.

Objective
We hypothesized that ultrasound guidance (USG) would be faster and more successful than traditional blind palpation (TBP) for radial artery line placement by residents.

Methods
Patients undergoing elective surgery requiring a radial arterial line were randomized to either the USG or TBP groups. Exclusion criteria included a need for arterial line placement in an awake patient, emergent surgery, or American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status class VI. After the induction of anesthesia, a postgraduate year 3 (PGY-3) or PGY-4 anesthesia resident placed an arterial line by either USG or TBP.

Results
A total of 412 patients and 85 of 106 residents (80%) in the training program were included. The 2 groups were similar with respect to sex, weight, height, ASA class, baseline systolic blood pressure, and baseline heart rate. USG was faster than TBP (mean times 171.1 ± 16.7 seconds versus 243.6 ± 23.5 seconds, P = .012), required fewer attempts (mean 1.78 ± 0.11 versus 2.48 ± 0.15, P = .035), and had an improved success rate (96% versus 90%, P = .012).

Conclusions
We found that residents using USG in an academic institution resulted in significantly faster placement of the arterial lines, fewer attempts, and fewer catheters used.
Apprendre La Compréhension Orale en FLE au Kenya: Cas de l’Alliance Française d’Eldoret
Authors: Okonda Richard Arina 
Published: March 2019

Cette étude a visé à déterminer les difficultés de la compréhension orale auxquelles les apprenants du français langue étrangère (FLE) au Kenya et précisément à l’Alliance Française d’Eldoret, se confrontent, tout en proposant les moyens de les surmonter. 74 candidats ont été choisis d’une population cible de 124 par la méthode de l’échantillonnage aléatoire simple. La collecte de données a été menée par le biais d’un test à partir d’un document audio-visuel, d’un extrait du film La fille sur le pont (de Patrice Leconte); un forum de discussion; et une fiche d’autoévaluation remplie par les candidats. L’interprétation de données nous a amené à conclure que les difficultés de la compréhension de l’oral chez ces apprenants sont liées à leur niveau de la grammaire française; leur capacité à distinguer les sons français ; le manque d’assez d’éléments paralinguistiques (gestes, réactions…) chez le locuteur ; le manque d’assez de pauses et d’hésitations chez le locuteur ; l’impertinence des propos du locuteur au sujet principal ; une mauvaise connaissance des aspects socioculturels à propos du sujet principal par l’apprenant ; les expressions et le vocabulaire inconnus ; le français familier; et le débit du locuteur. Les difficultés confrontées mènent toujours à une perte de concentration par les apprenants aux tâches données. Ce travail fait plusieurs recommandations pour surmonter ces difficultés.Mots-clés: compréhension orale; approche communicative; écoute; interaction; français langue étrangère The objectives of this study were to determine the difficulties of listening comprehension encountered by learners of French as a foreign language in Kenya and more specifically at Alliance Française Eldoret, and also to propose ways to overcome such difficulties. 74 participants were selected from a target population of 124 through simple random sampling. Data collection was done through a test administered about an audio-visual document, an extract of the film La fille sur le pont / Girl on the Bridge (directed by Patrice Leconte); a discussion forum; and an autoevaluation form (questionnaire) filled by the respondents from both activities. It emerged that the following cause difficulties of oral comprehension : the level of grammar of the learners; the learners’ capacity to distinguish French sounds; lack of sufficient paralinguistic aspects (gestures, reactions…) by the interlocutor; lack of sufficient pauses and hesitations by the interlocutor; irrelevance of the utterances of the interlocutor to the topic in question; poor sociocultural knowledge in relation to the main topic by the learner; unfamiliar expressions and vocabulary; colloquial French register; and the pace (of speech) by the interlocutor. These difficulties always lead to lack of concentration by the learners on the tasks given. The study makes several recommendations in order to overcome these difficulties.Key Words: Oral comprehension; communicative approach; listening; interaction; French as Foreign Language
ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT FACTORS ON THE ROLLING RESISTANCE OF RETREADED TIRES: CONTRIBUTION TO CO2 EMISSIONS
Authors: Sempere Óscar Cuadrado , Lozano Miguel Sánchez 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
The reduction of fuel consumption of vehicles is one of the priority objectives in addressing the reduction of CO2. Current EC regulations stipulate minimum requirements for new tires in relation to their low rolling resistance coefficient (RRC) and rolling noise. Nevertheless, these requirements do not apply at present to retreaded tires, which represent today 40% of the consumption of truck and commercial vehicles. The influence of different parameters on the RR obtained after retreading is studied. First, an attempt has been made to eliminate the influence of the condition of the starting casing, studying separately the influence of factors associated with the retread process and the materials used therein. To achieve this goal, RRC tests were carried out on new tires, on the casings of the same tires after being scraped, and finally after being retreaded using different formulations and processes. The results show that retreading significantly increases RRC, but the influence of the casing manufacturer is very important; a tire retreaded using a first-class casing can present an RRC lower than an equivalent low-cost new tire. On the other hand, the dynamic properties of the material added in the new tread are important, but the difference encountered between retreaded tires using different retreading materials and processes remains less than 5%. To study the influence of the aging of the materials, used tires were also tested before and after retreading. In view of the results, the aging condition of the casing seems not to have a clear effect on the RRC of the used tire. Indeed, the effect seems to be beneficial for the passenger car and detrimental for the truck samples studied. Those effects are smoothed during retreading, and the casing condition is not presented as a main factor of the RRC of the retreaded tire. It is worth noting that the study was carried out on a small sample of tires of two specific dimensions: a small passenger car tire (185/65 R15) and a European standard size for long-distance trucks (315/70 R22.5). Although the results and conclusions are very interesting, they should be taken with caution when extrapolated to other types of tires.
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activities of Crude Methanol Extract of Phoenix dactylifera Seeds on Clinical Isolates of Different Strains of E. coli
Authors: Chinelo C. Eze , Ezinwanne N. Ezeibe , Chizoba A. Ozioko , Martina C. Agbo , Chineye N. Ugwu , Somtochukwu A. Evuruani , Uchechi L. Ilouno 
Published: March 2019

Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial activities of seed extract of Phoenix dactylifera.
Study Design: Extraction of active ingredients of Phoenix dactylifera seeds using methanol and its effects on selected clinical isolates and isolated strains of E. coli.
Place and Duration of Study: `Department of Phatrmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, University of Nigeria, Nsukka between march 2017 and October 2018.
Methodology: The seed of phoenix dactylifera were washed thoroughly to get rid of any adhering date flesh, air dried and ground. The ground powders were subjected to extraction by cold maceration using methanol. Preliminary sensitivity test was carried out against eight microorganisms, namely: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. coli, Enterococcus, Klebsiella, Staph. spp, Salmonella spp, Bacillus sp and Candida albicans using agar diffusion method. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were carried out on isolated strains of E. coli from urine samples using agar diffusion method. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of crude methanol extract of seeds of Phoenix dactylifera were determined using agar diffusion method. The phytochemical analysis was conducted to determine the secondary metabolites.
Results: The preliminary sensitivity test performed shows that the crude methanol extract of date seed were sensitive against all organisms tested. The active ingredients of the extract showed activities against all strains of E. coli tested though their zones of inhibition vary (18-21mm). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value ranges from 10-19.9 mg/ml. The phytochemical analysis of crude methanol seed extract of P. dacterifera indicated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, carbohydrates, proteins, reducing sugar, sterols and Terpenes, Anthraquinone glycosides.
Conclusion: The present study provides the scientific information about Phoenix dactylifera seed activity.
Rheological Properties of the Erythrocytes in Weakened Static Magnetic Field of the Earth In vitro Study
Authors: Katiukhin L. N. 
Published: March 2019

Background: The magnetobiological effect of the weakened magnetic field of the Earth is of interest due to the consequences of the long stay of astronauts in space. Objective: The rheological properties of erythrocytes in a weakened magnetic field of the Earth are investigated. Methods: Osmotic gradient ektacytometry, aggregometry.
Results: A study of the rheological properties of erythrocytes of blood rats in vitro, exposed at a temperature of 0°C in a natural and weakened magnetic field of the Earth, was carried out. It is established that a weakened magnetic field leads to a decrease in the rate of hemolysis, the average body volume, transformation, and decrease in the specific surface of the erythrocyte, potentiates the weakening of the deformation and aggregation properties.
Conclusions: The results of the work should be taken into account not only to predict the rheological behavior of the blood system when the natural magnetic field is weakened but also to optimize the conditions for the long-term storage of donor blood.
Characterizing the binding of dopamine D1–D2 receptors in vitro and in temporal and frontal lobe tissue total protein
Authors: Heyl Deborah L. , Champion Margaret , Muterspaugh Robert , Connolly Megan , Baraka Adam , Khazaei Pouya , Moe Briana , Al‐Sheemary Zeinab , Jaber Nael , Guy‐Evans Hedeel 
Published: March 2019

Dysfunction of the dopaminergic pathway is linked to numerous diseases of the nervous system. The D1–D2 receptor heteromer is known to play a role in certain neuropsychiatric disorders, such as depression. Here, we synthesized an eight amino acid residue peptide, EAARRAQE, derived from the third intracellular loop of the D2 receptor and show that the peptide binds to the D1 receptor with comparable efficiency as that of the full‐length D2 receptor protein. Moreover, immunoprecipitation studies show the existence of a heteromeric complex formed both in vitro and in total protein derived from temporal and frontal lobe tissue from normal and depressed subjects. The efficiency of the peptide to block the D1–D2 heteromeric complex was comparable in all the samples tested.
Oxidative Status and Digestive Histology of Barramundi Perch in Response to Different Tank Colors
Authors: Sotoudeh Ebrahim , Feizollahi Sosan , Banan Ashkan , Morshedi Vahid , Hosseini Aali 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The oxidative status and intestinal and liver histology of Barramundi Perch Lates calcarifer juveniles were investigated in an experiment using different tank colors (black, red, blue, and white) over 6 weeks. It has been previously shown that background color can affect physiological processes in different species. The background colors did not cause significant differences in malondialdehyde, catalase, or glutathione S-transferase, whereas superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities were significantly higher in fish that were kept in black tanks. Plasma cortisol of fish adapted to blue and white tanks was significantly lower than that of fish in black tanks. The liver total antioxidant capacity was highest for fish that were maintained in white and blue tanks. The results of histopathological evaluation revealed that tank colors did not have significant effects on intestinal mucosal and enterocyte dimensions. No specific alterations were found in the liver or intestine of fish relative to the tank background color during the experimental period. In conclusion, white and blue tanks resulted in improved oxidative status of Barramundi Perch juveniles.
Increased Morbidity and Mortality of Scleroderma in African Americans Compared to Non–African Americans
Authors: Moore Duncan F. , Kramer Elisabeth , Eltaraboulsi Rami , Steen Virginia D. 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveAfrican Americans with scleroderma have more severe disease and higher mortality than non–African Americans. Differences in rates of diffuse disease, autoantibody status, or socioeconomic status have not completely explained this phenomenon. Our study evaluates these risks at our site.MethodsA retrospective study comparing African American and non–African American patients with scleroderma seen from 2008 to 2016 was performed. Groups were matched by sex, age at first visit, date of first visit, disease duration at first visit, and limited versus diffuse cutaneous disease. Demographic, serologic, and clinical features were compared. Mortality risks were assessed by a Cox proportional hazards model with covariates of race, marital status, education, employment, insurance, and imputed household income.ResultsAfrican Americans comprised 202 of 402 patients. They demonstrated reduced forced vital capacity and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide, more severe lung fibrosis, a higher prevalence of pulmonary hypertension, and more severe cardiac involvement. The autoantibody profile statistically differed between the 2 groups. Death during follow‐up was 21% in African Americans versus 11% in non–African Americans (P = 0.005). African American race demonstrated an unadjusted hazard ratio for death during follow‐up of 2.061 (P = 0.006) that declined with adjustment for socioeconomic covariates to 1.256 (P = 0.633). The only significant covariate was median income in tens of thousands of dollars by zip code (hazard ratio 0.845; P = 0.033).ConclusionAfrican American patients with scleroderma have more severe pulmonary disease and higher unadjusted mortality than matched non–African Americans. Following adjustment for socioeconomic factors, African American race was not a significant risk factor for mortality; however, independent of race, a lower median household income predicted increased mortality.
Well‐Dispersed Nickel‐ and Zinc‐Tailored Electronic Structure of a Transition Metal Oxide for Highly Active Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Ling Tao , Zhang Tong , Ge Binghui , Han Lili , Zheng Lirong , Lin Feng , Xu Zhengrui , Hu Wen‐Bin , Du Xi‐Wen , Davey Kenneth , Qiao Shi‐Zhang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe practical scale‐up of renewable energy technologies will require catalysts that are more efficient and durable than present ones. This is, however, a formidable challenge that will demand a new capability to tailor the electronic structure. Here, an original electronic structure tailoring of CoO by Ni and Zn dual doping is reported. This changes it from an inert material into one that is highly active for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Based on combined density functional theory calculations and cutting‐edge characterizations, it is shown that dual Ni and Zn doping is responsible for a highly significant increase in HER activity of the host oxide. That is, the Ni dopants cluster around surface oxygen vacancy of the host oxide and provide an ideal electronic surface structure for hydrogen intermediate binding, while the Zn dopants distribute inside the host oxide and modulate the bulk electronic structure to boost electrical conduction. As a result, the dual‐doped Ni, Zn CoO nanorods achieve current densities of 10 and 20 mA cm−2 at overpotentials of, respectively, 53 and 79 mV. This outperforms reported state‐of‐the‐art metal oxide, metal oxide/metal, metal sulfide, and metal phosphide catalysts.
Photo‐Regulated Supramolecular Polymers: Shining Beyond Disassembly and Reassembly
Authors: Zhang Qi , Qu Da‐Hui , Tian He 
Published: March 2019

AbstractStimuli‐responsive materials, especially those that can respond to light stimuli, are highly attractive and promising for scientists working in many fields. Recently, the emerging supramolecular polymers and materials are found to be versatile and reliable in the construction of smart soft materials owing to their dynamic nature. Aiming to regulate the dynamic properties of supramolecular polymers by remote external light stimuli, previous efforts have focused on the photo‐controlled assembly/disassembly of supramolecular polymers, showing several expectable applications of light‐responsive supramolecular materials. In this progress report, the recently emerging light‐responsive supramolecular polymers are summarized which exhibit conceptually new functions and applications beyond reversible disassembly/reassembly, such as light‐regulated morphology transformation, tunable fluorescent emission, switchable self‐healing ability, muscle‐like actuation, and programmed shape memory. Remaining questions and challenges to design and construct these smart optical materials are discussed in detail based on molecular engineering strategy. Additionally, several unsolved questions for light‐regulated supramolecular polymers are given to discuss the possible opportunities of this field.
Ligand‐free Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Suzuki Coupling of Aryl Iodides in Aqueous CH3CN with Sub‐stoichiometric Amount of Mo(CO)6 as CO Source
Authors: Sun Nan , Sun Qingxia , Zhao Wei , Jin Liqun , Hu Baoxiang , Shen Zhenlu , Hu Xinquan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA new method for the synthesis of diaryl and heterodiaryl ketones has been established based on the palladium‐catalyzed carbonylative Suzuki coupling approach with sub‐stoichiometric Mo(CO)6 as CO source. Using 0.5 mol% of Pd(TFA)2 as catalyst, 0.5 equivalent of Mo(CO)6 as solid carbonyl reagent and 3 equivalent of K3PO4 as base, a wide range of functionalized (hetero)aryl iodides and (hetero)aryl boronic acids could smoothly proceed the carbonylative cross‐coupling reaction in aqueous CH3CN at 50 °C, affording the corresponding ketones in good to excellent yields. The newly developed method was easy to operate under mild conditions with high efficiency.magnified image
Optimization of multistage olefin/paraffin membrane separation processes through rigorous modeling
Authors: Zarca Raúl , Ortiz Alfredo , Gorri Daniel , Biegler Lorenz T. , Ortiz Inmaculada 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this work, we explore the capabilities of an NLP optimization model to determine the viability of facilitated transport membrane processes intended to replace traditional distillation currently employed for propane/propylene separation. An NLP optimization model for multistage membrane processes has been formulated, introducing the mathematical description of the facilitated transport mechanisms in the PVDF‐HFP/BMImBF4/AgBF4 membranes previously developed by our research group. For the first time, a simultaneous optimization of the process and the membrane material (i.e., carrier concentration) has been performed, thanks to the implementation of the governing equations for the fixed site and mobile carrier mechanisms. Once the model is solved in GAMS it returns the optimal membrane area, carrier loading and permeate pressure of each stage based on Net Present Value Cost (NPVC) minimization. Different process flow sheets were evaluated and the results show prominent reductions on NPVC for facilitated transport multistage processes when compared to distillation.