bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional Profiling of Single CRISPR/Cas9-Edited Human Long-Term Hematopoietic Stem Cells
Authors: Wagenblast Elvin , Azkanaz Maria , Smith Sabrina A. , Shakib Lorien , McLeod Jessica L. , Krivdova Gabriela , Shultz Leonard D. , Gan Olga I. , Dick John E. , Lechman Eric R. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn the human hematopoietic system, rare self-renewing multi-potent long-term hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSCs) are responsible for the lifelong production of mature blood cells and are the rational target for clinical regenerative therapies. However, the heterogeneity in the hematopoietic stem cell compartment and variable outcomes of CRISPR/Cas9 editing make functional interrogation of rare LT-HSCs challenging. Here, we report high efficiency LT-HSC editing at single cell resolution using electroporation of modified synthetic gRNAs and Cas9 protein. Targeted short isoform expression of the GATA1 transcription factor elicited distinct differentiation and proliferation effects in single LT-HSC when analyzed with functional in vitro differentiation and long-term repopulation xenotransplantation assays. Our method represents a blueprint for systematic genetic analysis of complex tissue hierarchies at single cell level.
Number of days required to estimate objectively measured physical activity constructs in different age groups
Authors: Ricardo Luiza Isnardi Cardoso , Wendt Andrea , Galliano Leony Morgana , de Andrade Muller Werner , Cruz Gloria Izabel Niño , Wehrmeister Fernando , Brage Soren , Ekelund Ulf , Silva Inácio Crochemore M 
Published: April 2019

PurposeThe present study aims to estimate the minimum number of accelerometer measurement days needed to estimate habitual physical activity (PA) among 6, 18 and 30 years old participants, belonging to three population-based Brazilian birth cohorts. Method: PA was assessed by triaxial wrist worn GENEActiv accelerometers for 4-7 consecutive days, including at least one weekend day. Accelerometer raw data were analyzed with R-package GGIR. Description of PA measures (overall PA, MVPA, LPA) between weekdays and weekend days were conducted, and statistical differences were tested with chi-squared and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Intraclass Reliability Coefficient (IRC) was applied through the Spearman Brown Formulae to test reliability of different number of days of accelerometer use. Results: Differences between week and weekend days regarding LPA, MVPA and Overall PA, were only observed among 30-year-olds. More MVPA (p=0.006) and Overall PA (p<0.001) were performed on week days. The IRC coefficients ranged from 0.44 to 0.83 in children and from 0.54 to 0.88 in adults. Conclusion: In conclusion, our results show that between four and six measurement days are needed to achieve good reliability in the analyzed participants, depending on the PA construct evaluated (MVPA, LPA or overall PA).
Projected climate change will reduce habitat suitability for bumble bees in the Pacific Northwest
Authors: Koch Jonathan B. , Looney Chris , Hopkins Brandon , Lichtenberg Elinor M. , Sheppard Walter S. , Strange James P. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractGlobal climate change is the greatest environmental challenge of the modern era. The impacts of climate change are increasingly well understood, and have already begun to materialize across diverse ecosystems and organisms. Bumble bees (Bombus) are suspected to be highly sensitive to climate change as they are predominately adapted to temperate and alpine environments. In this study, we determine which bumble bee species are most vulnerable to climate change in the Pacific Northwest. The Pacific Northwest is a topographically complex landscape that is punctuated by two major mountain ranges and a labyrinth of offshore islands in the Salish Sea. Using standardized survey methods, our study documents the occurrence of 15 bumble bee species across 23 field sites in seven federal parks, historical sites, and monuments. Our results show that bumble bee community richness and diversity increases along an altitude gradient in these protected areas. Furthermore, NMDS analysis reveals that high altitude environments are composed of a unique group of bumble bee species relative to low altitude environments. Finally, based on an analysis of species distributions models that aggregate bioclimatic data from global circulation climate models with preserved specimen records, we discover that 80% of the bumble bee species detected in our survey are poised to undergo habitat suitability (HS) loss within the next 50 years. Species primarily found in high altitude environments namelyB. vandykei, B. sylvicola, andB. bifariusare projected to incur a mean HS loss of 63%, 59%, and 30% within the federally protected areas, respectively. While the implementation of climate change policies continue to be a significant challenge, the development of mitigation strategies to conserve the most vulnerable species may be a tractable option for land managers and stakeholders of protected areas. Our study meets this need by identifying which species and communities are most sensitive to climate change.
Oleocanthal and oleocanthal-rich olive oils induce lysosomal membrane permeabilization in cancer cells
Authors: Goren Limor , Zhang George , Kaushik Susmita , Breslin Paul , Nancy Du Yi-Chieh , Foster David A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOleocanthal is a phenolic compound found in varying concentrations in extra virgin olive oil Oleocanthal has been shown to be active physiologically, benefiting several diseased states by conferring anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective benefits. Recently, we and other groups have demonstrated its specific and selective toxicity toward cancer cells; however, the mechanism leading to cancer cell death is still disputed. The current study demonstrates that oleocanthal, as well as naturally oleocanthal-rich extra virgin olive oils, induced damage to cancer cells’ lysosomes leading to cellular toxicityin vitroandin vivo. Lysosomal membrane permeabilization following oleocanthal treatment in various cell lines was assayed via three complementary methods. Additionally, we found oleocanthal treatment reduced tumor burden and extended lifespan of mice engineered to develop pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Finally, following-up on numerous correlative studies demonstrating consumption of olive oil reduces cancer incidence and morbidity, we observed that extra virgin olive oils naturally rich in oleocanthal sharply reduced cancer cell viability and induced lysosomal membrane permeabilization while oleocanthal-poor oils did not. Our results are especially encouraging since tumor cells often have larger and more numerous lysosomes, making them especially vulnerable to lysosomotropic agents such as oleocanthal.
Budget implementation in a risky environment: evidence from the Indonesian public sector
Authors: Rakhman Fuad 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate factors affecting budget implementation among local governments in Indonesia, where rules are relatively strict and risks of facing corruption charges are high.

Design/methodology/approach
This study employs regression analyses using a sample of 1,151 local government-years.

Findings
This study finds that the level of budget implementation is affected by the leadership factors (i.e. mayors’ term, tenure and age) and the proportion of capital expenditures. The level of budget implementation is relatively lower when the mayor is in the second term, is in the early years of the five-year tenure and is over 60 years old. Higher proportion of capital expenditures also reduces the level of budget implementation.

Originality/value
This study contributes to the literature by presenting empirical evidence as to what factors explain the variations in the level of budget implementation among local governments especially under strict rules and a risky environment.
Leading change for success: embracing resistance
Authors: Nadim Abbas , Singh Parbudyal 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
Organizational change is one of the most researched issues in management and leadership. Change is generally viewed as necessary, with positive outcomes for all stakeholders. Resistance is consequently seen as a surprising outcome. However, much of the management literature focuses on change as organizational dynamics-driven, especially by those at the top, in the interests of those at the top, often with scant attention to the role of employees. The purpose of this paper is to take a different perspective, grounded in the systems theory.

Design/methodology/approach
This is a conceptual paper. The authors critically examine theoretical explanations of resistance to change in organizations and offer an alternative perspective.

Findings
Systems theorists have addressed change, and its necessity in organizational survival, using an open systems model. The open systems theory posits that organizations are social systems that have purposes of their own and is made of parts (employees) that are purposeful and operate within a purposeful larger system – the environment (stakeholders). Change that ignores a key part – employees – will be resisted.

Originality/value
Using the systems theory, the authors propose several suggestions for organizational leaders and managers to implement sustainable change. These include, among others, recommendations on circular organizational designs, the need for more democratic organizations, purposeful leadership styles and how to include employees in proactive organizational change processes.
Evidence of transactional capability in two different countries
Authors: Hernani-Merino Martin , Tello-Gamarra Jorge 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
The aim of this study is to identify and analyze empirical evidence, which verifies the existence of the transactional capability construct in firms of financial systems in two different countries.

Design/methodology/approach
This study investigates how the dimensions, and sub dimensions, of the transactional capability construct are reflected in the design of contracts. When analyzing the information from personal consumption loan contracts of nine Spanish firms and ten Peruvian firms in the financial system of each country, generalizable evidence of the transactional capability can be identified.

Findings
The main result of this study is the identification of empirical evidence that proves the existence of transactional capability in financial markets with different characteristics.

Research limitations/implications
This study was limited by a lack of similar research, which hampered the task of identifying and defining the dimensions that form the transactional capability construct.

Originality/value
The identification of transactional capability was based on the analysis of contracts of personal credit consumption in the Peruvian and Spanish financial systems.
Worlds apart: an investigation of South Africa’s established and emerging middle class consumers
Authors: Lappeman James , Ferreira Caitlin , Robertson Jeandri , Chikweche Tendai 
Published: April 2019

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to investigate the nature of variations among established and emerging middle class consumers in South Africa in response to the institution context factors associated with emerging markets that are established in international business studies.Design/methodology/approachAn exploratory research approach using semi-structured expert interviews was used to collect data.FindingsKey findings indicate distinct approaches in dealing with factors such as different fallback positions, asset ownership, education, language, family responsibility, career aspirations and risk protection in the middle class process of attaining and sustaining middle class status.Research limitations/implicationsThe focus on one country has the potential to minimize the generalizability of findings from the study, however, South Africa has a significantly high proportion of sub-Saharan middle class consumers. This provides a basis for further a basis for further research into other sub-Saharan African countries.Practical implicationsFindings from the study provide practical insights on risk profiling of middle-class consumers for marketing practitioners.Social implicationsThe study provides insights into the distinct variations between emerging and established middle class consumers in areas such as language and education. These insights have potential implications on the implementation of government policies such as the Empowerment Policy and consumer protection.Originality/valueThe paper expands the research agenda in the area of middle class consumer behavior in emerging markets. By concentrating on South Africa, the research expands existing knowledge beyond emerging giants like China and India, which are often a focus in literature.
Clinical decision rule for non‐traumatic computed tomography of the brain
Authors: Scott‐King Joshua M , Tieu Samuel , Chiew Angela L , Lui Jeffrey , Kirby Katharine A , Chan Betty S 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe aims of the present study were to derive and validate a clinical decision rule (CDR) to rule out the need for computed tomography of the brain (CTB) in non‐traumatic patients who present to the ED.MethodsThis is a retrospective review of non‐traumatic patients who presented to the EDs in two urban hospitals and received CTB from January 2014 to December 2016. Data from one hospital were used to develop a CDR for clinically significant CTB findings. Clinically significant CTB findings were defined as acute infarction, intracranial neoplasm, intracranial haemorrhage, acute hydrocephalus, cerebral oedema and intracranial infection. Patients from another hospital were used as a validation cohort to evaluate the CDR and compare it to four previously derived CDRs.ResultsThere were 5296 cases in the derivation cohort, with 345 (6.5%) clinically significant CTB findings. Identified risk factors were: focal neurological deficit (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.6–4.4), Glasgow Coma Scale <15 (adjusted OR 3.5, 95% CI 2.6–4.6), history of malignancy (adjusted OR 3.2, 95% CI 2.4–4.2), nausea and/or vomiting (adjusted OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1–2.1), headache (adjusted OR 1.1, 95% CI 0.9–1.5) and coagulopathy (adjusted OR 9.2, 95% CI 2.1–41.5). These criteria and four pre‐existing CDRs were applied to the validation cohort of 5098 patients from the second hospital, which had 338 (6.6%) clinically significant CTB findings. Our criteria were found to have a sensitivity of 99.7% (95% CI 99.1–100.0) and a specificity of 11.0% (95% CI 10.1–11.9). The risk of having a clinically significant CTB finding is 0.3% if patients do not meet any of the criteria.ConclusionThe CDR derived in the present study achieved the highest sensitivity and a moderate specificity when compared with four other pre‐existing CDRs for non‐traumatic brain injury patients.
Circle of life: the common hamster (Cricetus cricetus) adaptations to the urban environment
Authors: SUROV Alexey V. , ZAYTSEVA Elena A. , KUPTSOV Alexandr V. , KATZMAN Elena A. , BOGOMOLOV Pavel L. , SAYAN Alexandra S. , POTASHNIKOVA Ekaterina V. , TOVPINETZ Nikolay N. , KUZNETSOVA Ekaterina V. , TSELLARIUS Alexey Y. , FEOKTISTOVA Natalia Y. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTraditionally, urbanization has been seen as a negative phenomenon for biota. However, changes in the environmental parameters induced by urbanization might be favorable for some species. Over the past half‐century, the common hamster has actively populated cities, establishing populations in some European, Russian and Kazakhstan cities. Based on integrative methods, we investigated free‐range common hamsters inhabiting Simferopol from 2015 to 2018 to reveal possible adaptations to the urbanized environment across several parameters, including lifespan, hibernation period, reproductive activity and body mass. Results show that in urban areas, the common hamster demonstrates an extremely short hibernation period compared to other localities, possibly due to enhanced food resources from urban forestry (walnuts, locus and hazelnut), allowing the species to start breeding very early (February) and finish as late as October. We present the first evidence of polyandry for this species: mating of receptive females with several males and subsequent confirmation of multiple paternity. Despite high reproductive potential, the lifespan of the common hamster in urban conditions is generally very short (less than 1 year). We speculate that in the process of synurbization, the common hamster's innate plasticity across many life history traits permits it to successfully colonize throughout a wide range of habitats, with the ability to form novel adaptations to urban environments.
Impact of climate change on the small mammal community of the Yukon boreal forest
Authors: KREBS Charles J. , BOONSTRA Rudy , GILBERT B. Scott , KENNEY Alice J. , BOUTIN Stan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLong‐term monitoring is critical to determine the stability and sustainability of wildlife populations, and if change has occurred, why. We have followed population density changes in the small mammal community in the boreal forest of the southern Yukon for 46 years with density estimates by live trapping on 3–5 unmanipulated grids in spring and autumn. This community consists of 10 species and was responsible for 9% of the energy flow in the herbivore component of this ecosystem from 1986 to 1996, but this increased to 38% from 2003 to 2014. Small mammals, although small in size, are large in the transfer of energy from plants to predators and decomposers. Four species form the bulk of the biomass. There was a shift in the dominant species from the 1970s to the 2000s, withMyodes rutilusincreasing in relative abundance by 22% andPeromyscus maniculatusdecreasing by 22%. From 2007 to 2018,Myodescomprised 63% of the catch,Peromyscus20%, andMicrotusspecies 17%. Possible causes of these changes involve climate change, which is increasing primary production in this boreal forest, and an associated increase in the abundance of 3 rodent predators, marten (Martes americana), ermine (Mustela ermine) and coyotes (Canis latrans). Following and understanding these and potential future changes will require long‐term monitoring studies on a large scale to measure metapopulation dynamics. The small mammal community in northern Canada is being affected by climate change and cannot remain stable. Changes will be critically dependent on food–web interactions that are species‐specific.
Hypoglycemia in diabetes: The dark side of diabetes treatment. A patient‐centered review
Authors: Johnson‐Rabbett Brianna , Seaquist Elizabeth R. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHypoglycemia is a frequent occurrence in patients with diabetes who are treated with insulin and insulin secretagogues. Hypoglycemia is the limiting factor that prevents patients from achieving the glycemic control known to reduce the microvascular complications of diabetes. Recurrent episodes of hypoglycemia can lead to impaired awareness of hypoglycemia where the first symptom of a low blood sugar is unconsciousness. The fear of hypoglycemia has a significant effect on the quality of life of patients and their families. In the acute setting, hypoglycemia can kill, and clinical trials have demonstrated that a single episode of severe hypoglycemia increases the risk of subsequent mortality and cardiovascular events. Clinicians must make efforts to recognize and prevent hypoglycemia in order to prevent the adverse events associated with this event. Patient education is central to these efforts. Recent developments in glucose monitoring and drug development have provided more approaches that can be used to reduce the risk of hypoglycemia in patients with diabetes.
From totalitarianism to capitalism – the case of IFRS adoption in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Lisa‐Uyen , Rahman Asheq 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe investigate the strategic process of contextualisation of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in an economy transitioning from totalitarianism to capitalism – Vietnam – paying attention to tensions between actors involved in the process. This study employs the framework suggested by Puxty et al. to analyse the behaviour of actors of the State, Market, and Profession. We find that Market's needs trigger the IFRS contextualisation, which is institutionalised by the state. IFRS‐oriented rules undergo ‘reality tests’ and are tailored to fit the local context. Despite active interactions between the actors, the dominant role of the State results in some tensions.
Preference for Appearance over Substance and Corporate Investment
Authors: Jung Boochun , Lee Woo‐Jong , Li Xiao , Zhou Jing 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPreference for appearance over substance (AOS) refers to people's desire to look better than their actual appearance. In this paper, we explore the economic implications of AOS on corporate investment. Using novel country‐level proxies for AOS based on the prevalence of plastic surgery and cosmetic industry concentration, we first document that AOS is negatively (positively) associated with investment sensitivity to growth opportunities (cash flows). Second, external financing is less (more) affected by growth opportunities (cash flows) in stronger AOS countries than in weaker AOS countries. We conclude that people's preference for AOS leads firms to suboptimal investment.
Benzo(a)pyrene facilitates dermatophagoides group 1 (Der f 1)‐induced epithelial cytokine release through aryl hydrocarbon receptor in asthma
Authors: Wang Eryi , Liu Xiaoyu , Tu Wei , Do Danh C. , Yu Haiqiong , Yang Liteng , Zhou Yufeng , Xu Damo , Huang Shau‐Ku , Yang Pingchang , Ran Pixin , Gao Pei‐Song , Liu Zhigang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundEnvironmental pollutants, which coexist with allergens, have been associated with the exacerbation of asthma. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. We sought to determine whether benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) co‐exposure with dermatophagoides group 1 allergen (Der f 1) can potentiate Der f 1‐induced asthma and its underlying mechanisms.MethodsThe effect of BaP was investigated in Der f 1‐induced mouse model of asthma, including airway hyper‐responsiveness, allergic inflammation, and epithelial‐derived cytokines. The impact of BaP on Der f 1‐induced airway epithelial cell oxidative stress (ROS) and cytokine release was further analyzed. The role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling in BaP‐promoted Der f 1‐induced ROS, cytokine production, and allergic inflammation was also investigated.ResultsCompared with Der f 1, BaP co‐exposure with Der f 1 led to airway hyper‐responsiveness and increased lung inflammation in mouse model of asthma. Increased expression of TSLP, IL‐33, and IL‐25 was also found in the airways of these mice. Moreover, BaP co‐exposure with Der f 1 activated AhR signaling with increased expression of AhR and CYP1A1 and promoted airway epithelial ROS generation and TSLP and IL‐33, but not IL‐25, expression. Interestingly, AhR antagonist CH223191 or cells with AhR knockdown abrogated the increased expression of ROS, TSLP, and IL‐33. Furthermore, ROS inhibitor N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine (NAC) also suppressed BaP co‐exposure‐induced expression of epithelial TSLP, IL‐33, and IL‐25. Finally, AhR antagonist CH223191 and NAC inhibited BaP co‐exposure with Der f 1‐induced lung inflammation.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that BaP facilitates Der f 1‐induced epithelial cytokine release through the AhR‐ROS axis.