bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compton-thick AGNs in the NuSTAR Era. V. Joint NuSTAR and XMM-Newton Spectral Analysis of Three “Soft-gamma” Candidate CT-AGNs in the Swift/BAT 100-month Catalog
Authors: Marchesi S. , Ajello M. , Zhao X. , Comastri A. , Parola V. La , Segreto A. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We present the joint NuSTAR and XMM-Newton spectral analysis in the 0.6–70 keV band of three candidate Compton-thick (CT-) active galactic nuclei (AGNs) selected in the 100-month Swift-BAT catalog. These objects were previously classified as CT-AGNs based on low-quality Swift-X-ray Telescope (XRT) and Swift-Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) data, and had soft photon indices (Γ > 2.2) that suggested a potential overestimation of the line-of-sight column density (N
H,LOS). Thanks to the high-quality NuSTAR and XMM-Newton data we were able to determine that in all three objects the photon index was significantly overestimated, and two out of three sources are reclassified from CT to Compton thin, confirming a previously observed trend, i.e., that a significant fraction of BAT-selected, candidate CT-AGNs with poor soft X-ray data are reclassified as Compton thin when the NuSTAR data are added to the fit. Finally, thanks to both the good XMM-Newton spatial resolution and the high NuSTAR and XMM-Newton spectral quality, we found that the third object in our sample was associated to the wrong counterpart: the correct one, 2MASX J10331570+5252182, has redshift z = 0.14036, which makes it one of the very few candidate CT-AGNs in the 100 months BAT catalog detected at z > 0.1, and a rare CT quasar.
Kappa-Maxwellian Electrons and Bi-Maxwellian Protons in a Two-fluid Model for Fast Solar Wind
Authors: Taran Somayeh , Safari Hossein , Daei Farhad 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Modeling fast solar wind based on kinetic theory is an important task for scientists. In this paper, we present a two-fluid model for fast solar wind with anisotropic Kappa-Maxwellian electrons and Bi-Maxwellian protons. In the simulation, the energy exchange between the plasma particles and low-frequency Alfvén waves is considered. A set of eleven coupled equations is derived by applying the zeroth- to fourth-order moments of the Vlasov equation and the modified electromagnetic Maxwell equations. A characteristic of the Kappa distribution (indicated by κ index) is explicit in the equation for the parallel component of the electron heat flux (parallel to the ambient magnetic field line) and differs from the equation derived for the proton heat flux due to the different nature of the distributions. Within the large κ index, the equations for the two-fluid model tend to the equations obtained by the Maxwellian distribution. Using an iterated Crank–Nicolson method, the coupled equations are numerically solved for the fast solar wind conditions. We show that at (0.3–1) au from the Sun, the electron density, components of temperature, and components of heat flux follow the power-law behavior. We also showed that near the Earth, the flow speed (electron or proton) increases with decreasing κ. We concluded that through applying the small κ index (the non-Maxwellian distribution), the extraordinary nature of the solar atmosphere, with its temperature of several million kelvin for electrons, has been captured.
Les médecins et les maladies sanguines héréditaires à la fin du XVIII e siècle
Authors: Gélis Jacques 
Published: September 2019

En 1788 et 1790, dans un contexte populationniste, la Société royale de médecine met au concours la question des maladies héréditaires en demandant aux auteurs de mémoires de les caractériser et de proposer des solutions pour les éradiquer. Le sang est souvent évoqué dans les textes, en particulier à propos de la relation mère-fœtus, puisque c’est par le sang de la mère que le fœtus peut être contaminé. L’idée d’un virus dormant dans le sang est fréquente, principalement le « virus vérolique » qui est d’autant plus redoutable qu’on pense qu’il peut rester longtemps caché au sein d’une même famille, sauter plusieurs générations et réapparaître. Pour remédier aux maladies sanguines héréditaires, les médecins préconisent de surveiller les alliances, en privilégiant des dispositions de corps opposées mais complémentaires, en évitant la diffusion du mauvais sang par des mesures eugénistes de sélection et par le recours à des alliances croisées entre ressortissants de régions, voire de pays opposés mais complémentaires. Le brassage des sangs permettrait alors de faire émerger « un enfant du juste milieu », entre « excès paternels » et « excès maternels ». Ces textes ont contribué à l’émergence de l’héréditarisme français et européen au xix e siècle.
Un autre printemps des crèches ? Le développement des crèches est-allemandes des années 1950 aux années 1980
Authors: Christian Michel 
Published: September 2019

Des années 1950 aux années 1980, l’expansion des crèches est-allemandes est continue, si bien qu’en 1989, elles prenaient en charge 80 % des enfants entre un et trois ans. Considérées comme un moyen de décharger de la garde de leurs enfants les mères contraintes de travailler, les crèches se concentrent initialement sur les aspects sanitaires et privilégient une implantation sur le lieu de travail. Mais dès le milieu des années 1950, ces orientations initiales sont profondément remises en question, en particulier dans le sillage de la pédiatre Eva Schmidt-Kolmer, qui défend le développement des crèches de quartier ainsi que leur vocation éducative, basée sur un programme et sur un personnel formé. Il faut attendre la fin des années 1970 pour que les crèches se généralisent, parallèlement à la professionnalisation de leur personnel. À l’issue de ces transformations, qu’on peut comparer au « printemps des crèches » français, les crèches est-allemandes ne jouent plus le rôle traditionnel d’un palliatif à l’absence de la mère : elles sont devenues le dispositif ordinaire de prise en charge des enfants, y compris pour les groupes sociaux dominants, qui en étaient les premiers usagers. De même, tout en maintenant les aspects sanitaires traditionnels elles sont désormais pleinement pensées comme des établissements d’éducation. Ces évolutions sont communes à la plupart des pays européens, à l’exception de la RFA. Pour les comprendre, il faut dépasser l’habituelle comparaison en miroir inversé des sociétés est-allemande et ouest-allemande et adopter une perspective européenne.
Le paysage se cambre
Authors: Zancarini-Fournel Michelle 
Published: September 2019

En 2018, la prolifique production éditoriale et médiatique au sujet de Mai 68 (plusieurs centaines de titres) apporte de réelles nouveautés dans quatre directions : l’exhumation de sources inédites, les archives du pouvoir ; de nouvelles approches de la culture visuelle ; l’étude de terrains provinciaux ; le témoignage d’anonymes recueillis cinquante ans après les événements. L’expérience sensible du politique, la verticalité des pouvoirs et la quête d’horizontalité incarnent le paysage éditorial et politique de 2018.
Redimensionner les modes d’être et les modes de vie : l’enjeu de la taille au cœur des initiatives de transition écologique
Authors: Canabate Alice 
Published: September 2019

Des initiatives de transition écologique ont émergé, en Europe, cette dernière décennie. Constituées autour des questions de territoire , elles visent à instituer le suffisant et le dimensionné comme éléments nodaux permettant de développer de nouvelles façons de vivre, de partager et de s'engager avec les autres à une échelle pouvant générer du sens ; la question de la juste taille devient ainsi primordiale. Nous nous proposons ici de revenir sur les imaginaires politiques et les pratiques instituantes de ces différentes initiatives qualifiables de « postdéveloppementistes », en nous basant sur une double investigation qualitative : d’une part, une étude d’observation conduite en Grèce, en Espagne et au Portugal et, d’autre part, des observations d’expérimentations transitionnelles, en Île-de-France.
Le travail associatif ou la création de liens collectifs et groupaux. Le cas d’associations intergénérationnelles
Authors: Potier Elwis , Cimier Amandine 
Published: September 2019

Peu d’études portent sur les dynamiques associatives implantées dans des quartiers prioritaires de la politique de la ville. L’étude présentée ici, qualitative et compréhensive, mobilise des observations participantes et des entretiens semi-directifs pour comparer deux associations, une dite « culturelle » et une autre « artistique ». L’article met l’accent sur la manière dont elles tentent d’instaurer une citoyenneté intergénérationnelle au travers de la politique dans laquelle elles sont immergées et de leurs activités différenciées. Pour l’une, les phénomènes sociaux naviguent entre travail du négatif et texte public, normalisation sociale et résistance collective. Pour l’autre, il s’agit plutôt de processus créatifs de groupe, de politisation et de réalisation de l’œuvre. Toutes deux ont développé des dynamiques distinctes, plus ou moins favorables au mélange intergénérationnel et à la groupalité.
Quelle initiative citoyenne pour quelle transformation sociale ? Analyse comparative de deux démarches d’accompagnement de projets solidaires
Authors: Sillard Blandine 
Published: September 2019

Partant du constat que l’initiative autonome de citoyens porteurs de projets solidaires ou écologiques constitue un nouveau mode d’engagement et de participation politique, cet article procède à une comparaison des pratiques d’accompagnement de ces dynamiques mises en œuvre par deux associations. À partir d’une analyse qualitative de leur posture, des objectifs poursuivis et des ressources mises à disposition, il fait apparaître deux approches de l’initiative citoyenne : l’une imprégnée par les logiques marchandes et managériales, qui met l’accent sur la croissance et la performance des projets, l’autre marquée par l’éducation populaire et le solidarisme, soucieuse de libérer le potentiel créatif des individus. Les rationalités qui les sous-tendent déterminent alors le modèle de société que ces associations contribuent à construire, nourrissant la réflexion quant à l’évolution des stratégies de transformation sociale.
A Hint of Primitive Mucosal Immunity in Shrimp through Marsupenaeus japonicus Gill C-Type Lectin
Authors: Alenton Rod Russel R. , Koiwai Keiichiro , Nakamura Rika , Thawonsuwan Jumroensri , Kondo Hidehiro , Hirono Ikuo 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Lectins are found in most living organisms, providing immune surveillance by binding to carbohydrate ligands. In fishes, C-type lectins were isolated from mucus of respiratory organs (skin and gills), where they aid the mucosal immune response in regulating microbiota and suppressing pathogens. In shrimp, however, no mucosal immunity or any form of gill-specific immune defense has been reported, and most identified C-type lectins are associated with hemocyte cellular and humoral responses. Interestingly, our microarray analysis revealed the localization of highly expressed novel biodefense genes in gills, among which is Marsupenaeus japonicus gill C-type lectin (MjGCTL), which we previously reported. Gill mucus collected from M. japonicus displayed similar bacterial agglutination ability as observed with recombinant MjGCTL. This agglutinating ability can be attributed to endogenous MjGCTL (nMjGCTL) detected in gill mucus, which was confirmed with an agglutination assay using purified nMjGCTL from gills. In addition, nMjGCTL also promoted in vivo bacterial phagocytosis by hemocytes. In vivo knockdown of MjGCTL resulted in a compromised immune system, which was manifested by impaired agglutination capacity of gill mucus and downregulation of the gill antimicrobial peptides, crustin and penaeidin. Shrimp immunocompromised by MjCGTL knockdown, apparently lost the ability to respond to attaching and penetrating bacteria. This was evident as increased total bacteria and Vibrio counts in both gills and hemolymph, which were correlated with low survival during a bacterial challenge. These results reveal immune defense by shrimp gills resembling a primitive form of mucosal immunity.
Lymphatic Cannulation for Lymph Sampling and Molecular Delivery
Authors: Zawieja David C. , Thangaswamy Sangeetha , Wang Wei , Furtado Raquel , Clement Cristina C. , Papadopoulos Zachary , Vigano Marco , Bridenbaugh Eric A. , Zolla Lello , Gashev Anatoliy A. , Kipnis Jonathan , Lauvau Gregoire , Santambrogio Laura 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Unlike the blood, the interstitial fluid and the deriving lymph are directly bathing the cellular layer of each organ. As such, composition analysis of the lymphatic fluid can provide more precise biochemical and cellular information on an organ's health and be a valuable resource for biomarker discovery. In this study, we describe a protocol for cannulation of mouse and rat lymphatic collectors that is suitable for the following: the “omic” sampling of pre- and postnodal lymph, collected from different anatomical districts; the phenotyping of immune cells circulating between parenchymal organs and draining lymph nodes; injection of known amounts of molecules for quantitative immunological studies of nodal trafficking and/or clearance; and monitoring an organ’s biochemical omic changes in pathological conditions. Our data indicate that probing the lymphatic fluid can provide an accurate snapshot of an organ’s physiology/pathology, making it an ideal target for liquid biopsy.
KIR Polymorphism Modulates the Size of the Adaptive NK Cell Pool in Human Cytomegalovirus–Infected Individuals
Authors: Manser Angela R. , Scherenschlich Nadine , Thöns Christine , Hengel Hartmut , Timm Jörg , Uhrberg Markus 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Acute infection with human CMV (HCMV) induces the development of adaptive NKG2C+ NK cells. In some cases, large expansions of this subset, characterized by coexpression of HLA-C–specific KIR, are stably maintained during the life-long latent phase of infection. The factors that control these unusual expansions in vivo are currently unknown. In this study, the role of KIR polymorphism and expression in this process was analyzed. It is shown that strong NKG2C+ NK cell expansions are dominated by single KIR clones, whereas moderate expansions are frequently polyclonal (p &lt; 0.0001). Importantly, the choice of KIR was not arbitrary but biased toward usage of HLA-C–specific KIR encoded by the centromeric part of group A (cenA) haplotypes. Consideration of KIR allelic variation and gene copy number revealed that the cenA effect was predominantly due to the HLA-C2–specific KIR2DL1 receptor; presence of KIR2DL1 on NKG2C+ NK cells led to significantly larger clonal expansions than the cenB-encoded KIR2DL2 (p = 0.002). Expansion of NKG2C+KIR2DL1+ NK cells was always accompanied by the cognate ligand HLA-C2. Moreover, in these donors the frequency of NKG2C+ NK cells correlated with the concentration of anti-HCMV IgG (r = 0.62, p = 0.008), suggesting direct relevance of NKG2C+KIR2DL1+ NK cells for virus control. Altogether, the study suggests that the homeostasis of NKG2C+ NK cells in HCMV infection is at least partly controlled by coexpression of cognate inhibitory KIR. In particular, the strong interaction of KIR2DL1 and HLA-C2 ligands seems to promote large and stable expansion of adaptive NK cells in HCMV infection.
Family Medicine Residency Graduates' Preparation for Quality Improvement Leadership
Authors: Lichkus Jonathan , Fang Bo , Peterson Lars E. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT

Background
Training in quality improvement (QI) is a standard component of family medicine residency education. Graduating family medicine residents' ability to lead QI initiatives is unknown.

Objective
We assessed the preparedness of graduating family medicine residents to lead QI projects and to identify factors that may increase such readiness.

Methods
Milestone data for all graduating family medicine residents were linked to a practice demographic questionnaire completed by the same residents who registered for the American Board of Family Medicine certification examination between 2014 and 2017. The change in self-assessed QI preparedness over time and its association with faculty-assigned milestone ratings were examined using descriptive and regression analyses.

Results
The questionnaire had a 100% response rate (12 208 responded). Between 2014 and 2017, the percentage of residents who self-reported being “extremely” or “moderately” prepared to lead QI projects increased from 72.7% (2208 of 3038) to 75.8% (2434 of 3210, P = .009). Self-reported QI team leadership was associated with 93% higher odds of feeling extremely prepared compared to moderately prepared (odds ratio 1.93, 95% CI 1.58–2.35). The average midyear faculty-assigned milestone rating for QI among residents who felt “extremely” prepared was 3.28 compared to 3.14 among those who felt “not at all” prepared.

Conclusions
Over the past 4 years, family medicine residents' self-assessed preparedness to lead QI projects has barely increased. There was no correlation between self-assessed preparation and faculty-assigned milestone rating. However, we found a small association between self-reported QI leadership and self-assessed QI preparedness.
Uncinate Preserving Procedures: A Leading Step toward Conservation in Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Authors: Patro Sourabha K 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Uncinate process is thought to be having role in controlling airflow dynamics at the osteo meatal complex. Excision of uncinate process during traditional functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) affects these airflow patterns increasing the flow in the sinuses in inspiration and decreasing it during expiration. Conventional way of performing a FESS always includes uncinectomy. However, preservation of uncinate process during surgery leads to the protection of the opened sinuses and avoid the attack of direct airflow to the sinus along with maintaining the normal nasal drainage from the sinus cavities. There is no clear evidence or consensus in the issue and regarding the feasibility of successful access in the ethmoids and sphenoids and beyond by preserving this immensely important land mark.
In this study, we have tried to see that whether it is feasible to conserve uncinate as a future eland mark and preserve more normal nasal physiology compared with the resection of uncinate process.

How to cite this article
Gupta AK, Patro SK. Uncinate Preserving Procedures: A Leading Step toward Conservation in Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2015;8(1):12-14.
Role of Tracheostomy in Respiratory Distress: A Study of 50 Cases
Authors: Sahni Dimple 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTTracheostomy plays a vital role in respiratory distress caused by different conditions, like respiratory passage of obstruction, head and neck tumor, surgeries, trauma patients and inflammatory conditions. Timing of the operation and postoperative care deserves more emphasis. Delay in the performance of this operation defeats the purpose of tracheostomy and if managed properly, it is a life saving procedure. The aim of the study was not only to give immediate relief to the patients of respiratory distress. But also to study age and sex distribution indication and evaluate factors associated with morbidity and mortality, intraoperative and postoperative complications associated with this procedure. This study was done on 50 cases of respiratory distress admitted in different department of Rajindra Hospital, Patiala, who underwent tracheostomy as an emergency or elective procedure. Most of the patients (24%) were of 50 to 60 years of age of which 60% were males. Emergency tracheostomy was done in most of the cases (64%). Most common complication was wound infection and granuloma formation (16%). Mortality due to primary disease (tumors of head and neck) was 34%. Followed by head injury (29%). Only one patient died of tracheostomy due to excessive bleeding.How to cite this articleSahni D. Role of Tracheostomy in Respiratory Distress: A Study of 50 Cases. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2015;8(1):20-23.
Glial Heterotopia over the Nasal Septum: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Swain Santosh Kumar , Dash Satyabrata , Baisakh Manash Ranjan , Samal Rankanidhi 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Nasal gliomas are rare congenital lesions arising from defective embryonic development, often termed as Nasal glial heterotopias. It manifests as a mass of extra-cranial cerebral tissue unconnected with the brain. Clinically, these masses are firm and incompressible. Histopathologically, they consist of neuroglial cells and astrocytes embedded in fibrous and vascular connective tissue. Radiological investigations, such as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) should be done to rule out intracranial extension. The mass was completely resected endoscopically which was attached to the anterior part of the nasal septum. Endoscopic technique provides excellent visualization. We report one case of nasal glial heterotopia in a baby from southern part of Odisha which has an unusual attachment over the septum. A review of the literatures regarding nasal glioma is also presented.

How to cite this article
Swain SK, Dash S, Baisakh MR, Samal R. Glial Heterotopia over the Nasal Septum: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2015;8(1):34-37.
Rare Nasal Mass: Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor of Nose and Paranasal Sinuses
Authors: Sura Jafferhusein , Rathore Praveen Kumar , Sharma Divya , Bhargava Eishaan 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMFT) also known as pseudotumor is a condition of unknown etiology, that mimmicks a neoplastic process clinically and radiologically. They occur all over the body with few exceptions. In the head and neck region, they are rare. The orbit, maxilla, nasopharynx and skull base are sites where they have been reported. We present a case of a 32-year-old male having a mass in the cheek, which presented a diagnostic challenge.

How to cite this article
Sura J, Raj A, Rathore PK, Sharma D, Khurana N, Wadhwa V, Bhargava E. Rare Nasal Mass: Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor of Nose and Paranasal Sinuses. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2015;8(1):38-40.
Rhinolith Causing Oronasal Fistula: A Rare Complication
Authors: Singh Ishwar , Gupta Divya , Gulati Achal 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Rhinolith is an uncommon nasal mass and it is rare to find it causing complication. Most of the rhinoliths are asymptomatic and are incidentally diagnosed, although some may present with unilateral foul smelling nasal discharge and obstruction. We report an unusual case of rhinolithiasis in 50-year-old male causing palatal erosion forming an oronasal fistula.

How to cite this article
Gupta D, Singh I, Gulati A. Rhinolith Causing Oronasal Fistula: A Rare Complication. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2015;8(1):41-42.
Sinonasal Manifestation of Rosai-Dorfman Syndrome
Authors: Mishra Kiran , Vaid Lakshmi , Gogia Vivek 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (SHML) (also known as Rosai-Dorfman syndrome) is a rare, idiopathic, benign and self-limiting histiocytic proliferative disorder. It most commonly involves the cervical lymph nodes. The disease has a benign course and involvement of the nasal cavity as an extranodal site is exceptional. Here, we report a case of bilateral sinonasal mass with subsequent involvement of cervical lymph nodes in 22-year-old lady. Histological examination of the cervical lymph nodes and nasal mass biopsy demonstrated evidences of Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD). The clinical presentation, histologic characteristics, radiographic findings and treatment of the disease are discussed.

How to cite this article
Vaid L, Jain N, Gogia V, Mishra K. Sinonasal Manifestation of Rosai-Dorfman Syndrome. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2015;8(1):43-45.