bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Implications of Reproductive Aging for the Health, Vitality, and Economic Welfare of Human Societies
Authors: Bhasin Shalender , Kerr Candace , Oktay Kutluk , Racowsky Catherine 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Context
Powerful demographic trends toward reproductive aging of human populations, older age at first childbirth, and lower birth rates will profoundly influence the health, vitality, and economies of human societies and deserve greater attention in health policy and research.

Evidence Acquisition
Information on birth rates, fertility rates, and outcomes of assisted reproductive technologies were obtained from databases of government agencies (census data, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention).

Evidence Synthesis
Fecundity declines with advancing age, especially in women &gt;35 years and men &gt;50 years. Advanced parental age adversely affects pregnancy outcomes for the mother and the offspring and increases the offspring’s risk of chromosomal disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and birth defects. Because of increased life expectancy, today people will spend a major portion of life in a period of reproductive senescence; diseases associated with reproductive senescence will influence the health and well-being of middle-aged and older adults. Inversion of the population age pyramid will affect health care costs, retirement age, generational distribution of wealth, and the vitality of societies. Actions can be taken to mitigate the societal consequences of these trends. An educational campaign to inform young people about the trade-offs associated with postponement of childbirth will enable them to make informed choices. Some repositioning of research agenda and health care policies is needed to address the public health threat posed by reproductive aging.

Conclusion
The consequences of low fertility rates and delayed parenthood on our nation’s health, vitality, and economic growth should be considered when crafting research, health, and economic policies.
Activation of butterfly eyespots by Distal-less is consistent with a reaction-diffusion process
Authors: Connahs Heidi , Tlili Sham , van Creij Jelle , Loo Tricia Y. J. , Banerjee Tirtha Das , Saunders Timothy E. , Monteiro Antónia 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
Eyespots on the wings of nymphalid butterflies represent colorful examples of pattern formation, yet the developmental origins and mechanisms underlying eyespot center differentiation are still poorly understood. Using CRISPR-Cas9 we re-examine the function of Distal-less (Dll) as an activator or repressor of eyespots, a topic that remains controversial. We show that the phenotypic outcome of CRISPR mutations depends upon which specific exon is targeted. In Bicyclus anynana, exon 2 mutations are associated with both missing and ectopic eyespots, and also exon skipping. Exon 3 mutations, which do not lead to exon skipping, produce only null phenotypes, including missing eyespots, lighter wing coloration and loss of scales. Reaction-diffusion modeling of Dll function, using Wnt and Dpp as candidate morphogens, accurately replicates these complex crispant phenotypes. These results provide new insight into the function of Dll as a potential activator of eyespot development, scale growth and melanization, and suggest that the tuning of Dll expression levels can generate a diversity of eyespot phenotypes, including their appearance on the wing.
This article has an associated ‘The people behind the papers’ interview.
What factors indicate prognosis for adults with depression in primary care? A protocol for meta-analyses of individual patient data using the Dep-GP database
Authors: Buckman Joshua E.J. , Saunders Rob , Cohen Zachary D. , Clarke Katherine , Ambler Gareth , DeRubeis Robert J. , Gilbody Simon , Hollon Steven D. , Kendrick Tony , Watkins Edward , White Ian R. , Lewis Glyn , Pilling Stephen 
Published: April 2019

Background: Pre-treatment severity is a key indicator of prognosis for those with depression. Knowledge is limited on how best to encompass severity of disorders. A number of non-severity related factors such as social support and life events are also indicators of prognosis. It is not clear whether this holds true after adjusting for pre-treatment severity as a) a depressive symptom scale score, and b) a broader construct encompassing symptom severity and related indicators: “disorder severity”. In order to investigate this, data from the individual participants of clinical trials which have measured a breadth of “disorder severity” related factors are needed. Aims: 1) To assess the association between outcomes for adults seeking treatment for depression and the severity of depression pre-treatment, considered both as i) depressive symptom severity only and ii) “disorder severity” which includes depressive symptom severity and comorbid anxiety, chronicity, history of depression, history of previous treatment, functional impairment and health-related quality of life. 2) To determine whether i) social support, ii) life events, iii) alcohol misuse, and iv) demographic factors (sex, age, ethnicity, marital status, employment status, level of educational attainment, and financial wellbeing) are prognostic indicators of outcomes, independent of baseline “disorder severity” and the type of treatment received. Methods: Databases were searched for randomised clinical trials (RCTs) that recruited adults seeking treatment for depression from their general practitioners and used the same diagnostic and screening instrument to measure severity at baseline – the Revised Clinical Interview Schedule; outcome measures could differ between studies. Chief investigators of all studies meeting inclusion criteria were contacted and individual patient data (IPD) were requested. Conclusions: In total 13 RCTs were found to meet inclusion criteria. The Dep-GP database was formed from the 6271 participants. This protocol outlines how these data will be analysed. Registration: PROSPERO CRD42019129512 (01/04/2019)
Privacy-aware blockchain for personal data sharing and tracking
Authors: Onik Md Mehedi Hassan , Kim Chul-Soo , Lee Nam-Yong , Yang Jinhong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSecure data distribution is critical for data accountability. Surveillance caused privacy breaching incidents have already questioned existing personal data collection techniques. Organizations assemble a huge amount of personally identifiable information (PII) for data-driven market analysis and prediction. However, the limitation of data tracking tools restricts the detection of exact data breaching points. Blockchain technology, an ‘immutable’ distributed ledger, can be leveraged to establish a transparent data auditing platform. However, Art. 42 and Art. 25 of general data protection regulation (GDPR) demands ‘right to forget’ and ‘right to erase’ of personal information, which goes against the immutability of blockchain technology. This paper proposes a GDPR complied decentralized and trusted PII sharing and tracking scheme. Proposed blockchain based personally identifiable information management system (BcPIIMS) demonstrates data movement among GDPR entities (user, controller and processor). Considering GDPR limitations, BcPIIMS used off-the-chain data storing architecture. A prototype was created to validate the proposed architecture using multichain. The use of off-the-chain storage reduces individual block size. Additionally, private blockchain also limits personal data leaking by collecting fast approval from restricted peers. This study presents personal data sharing, deleting, modifying and tracking features to verify the privacy of proposed blockchain based personally identifiable information management system.
Influence of Liming on Kinetics of Sewage Sludge Pyrolysis
Authors: Stolarek Paweł , Ledakowicz Stanisław , Ślęzak Radosław 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Thermogravimetry (TG) is the fast and reliable method for characterization of thermal decomposition of any material and in particular to determine the kinetics of pyrolytic decomposition of sewage sludge. Two types of sewage sludge with and without addition of lime were investigated from kinetic point of view. For TG analysis samples of selected sewage sludge were heated under the inert atmosphere of argon with constant heating rate from 303 to 1273 K; the three heating rate β = 5, 10 and 20 K/min were chosen. The iso-conversion methods of Friedman and Ozawa-Flynn-Wall were employed for analysis of TG results. As the sewage sludge decomposition is very complex process it cannot be described by a simple stoichiometric equation, therefore the so called lumping of reactions in the selected temperature ranges were used with detailed principles arising from visual analysis of DTG curve. The deconvolution of DTG curves performed according to Fraser-Suzuki asymmetric profile allowed the identification of number of lumps and their contribution to the overall mass loss. So the decomposition of sewage sludge with lime addition could be described with five groups of reactions while the one without lime by means of six lumps. The thermal decomposition of sewage sludge was assumed to proceed according to the scheme of parallel concurrent independent reactions of n-th order. The values of the apparent activation energies at different constant values of conversion degrees were determined by the iso-conversion analysis. To estimate the kinetic parameters the non-linear regression with Levenberg-Marquart optimization procedure was used. The kinetic parameters such as activation energy, pre-exponential factor, reaction order and fraction of total mass loss associated with a given reaction were determined. The impact of sewage sludge liming revealed in essential differences of pyrolysis products and pyrolysis kinetics of limed sludge and without lime one was highlighted.
Potentials of Virtual Reality as an Instrument for Research and Education
Authors: Zender Raphael , Knoth Alexander H. , Fischer Martin H. , Lucke Ulrike 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Virtual Reality (VR) is currently on everyone’s lips for various purposes. Although the hype is currently nearing its productive plateau, there are still uncertainties about the utilization and potential of the technology in research and educational contexts. Together with the two following articles on the subject of VR research, this article provides an overview of the inherent potential as well as remaining challenges in the use of VR as an instrument for research and education. These will be clarified and critically examined on the basis of specific academic projects. Based on this, the article concludes with a comprehensive look on the need for further discussion of ethical issues as the key for VR success in research and education.
Perception of an Uncertain Ethical Reasoning Robot
Authors: Stellmach Hanna , Lindner Felix 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This study investigates the effect of uncertainty expressed by a robot facing a moral dilemma on humans’ moral judgment and impression formation. In two experiments, participants were shown a video of a robot explaining a moral dilemma and suggesting a decision to make. The robot either expressed certainty or uncertainty about the decision it suggests. Participants rated how much blame the robot deserves for its decision, the moral wrongness of the chosen action, and their impression of the robot in terms of four scale dimensions measuring social perception. The results suggest that the subpopulation of participants unfamiliar with the moral dilemma assigns significantly more blame to the uncertain robot as compared to the certain one, while expressed uncertainty has less effect on moral wrongness judgments. The second experiment suggests that higher blame ratings are mediated by the fact that the uncertain robot was perceived as more humanlike. We discuss implications of this result for the design of social robots.
The coordinatorsiandzin Polish: A cognitive-typological approach (Part 2)
Authors: Andrason Alexander 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDeveloped within the frame of cognitive and typological linguistics, the present study examines the taxonomical status of the lexemesiandzin Polish. To achieve this aim, the author analyzes the compliance of the two forms with the prototype of coordinate-hood and the structure of their maps of polyfunctionality. The evidence demonstrates thatiis a canonical instantiation of the category of coordinate-hood whilezis less canonical. Additionally, the two lexemes yield different maps of polyfunctionality (with distinct prototypicality nuclei), which reflects their distinct diachronic and conceptual origin. The map ofiradiates from the value of ‘also’ while the map ofzradiates from a comitative sense.This article – the last in a series of two – completes the presentation of the empirical evidence and interprets it within the adopted framework. The degrees of canonicity ofiandzare determined and the semantic-functional maps of the two lexemes are compared.
Quantification and definiteness/indefiniteness: integration and functional identity of semantic categories
Authors: Kiklewicz Aleksander 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe reference theory popular in 1970-1990s, which aimed at integrating various forms of semantic determination of lexical units of the language analysed from the syntax perspective, provides the starting point for the author. Quantification and definiteness/indefiniteness were treated in numerous publications from that period as varieties of the same semantic category, i.e. determination of the referential status of nominal groups. The author assumes that both categories demonstrate functional independence, therefore their exponents form opposites. Consequently, the quantification model of definiteness/indefiniteness, cultivated by some researchers, is not supported in the language material, being rather a strictly logical structure. At the same time, the author demonstrates that certain relations and dependencies occur between the two categories. Four aspects of such dependencies: selection, implication, collocation and derivation, are examined in the paper using Polish language materials and materials of other European languages.
Speciation and siting of divalent transition metal ions in silicon-rich zeolites. An FTIR study
Authors: Lemishka Mariia , Dedecek Jiri , Mlekodaj Kinga , Sobalik Zdenek , Sklenak Stepan , Tabor Edyta 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Speciation and location of Co2+, Mn2+ and Ni2+ in the extraframework positions of the dehydrated zeolite matrix of ferrierite structure were studied in detail using FTIR spectroscopy of antisymmetric T–O–T vibrations of the zeolite framework. Me2+–ferrierites were prepared by the ion exchange of the NH4– and Na–zeolite forms and by impregnation of the NH4 form. Bare Me2+ occupies all three known cationic sites in dehydrated cationic zeolite. The wavenumbers of bands of individual cations in individual sites were identified. At low Me2+ loadings (Me2+/Al < 0.15), Me2+ replaces two protonic sites and exclusively bare Me2+ is present in dehydrated samples. Sets of such samples were employed for the estimation of extinction coefficients of Co2+, Mn2+ and Ni2+ in cationic sites. These coefficients differ for individual cations but are the same for a cation at different sites. Ion exchange to the NH4 form allows preparation of samples with maximum possible loading of bare Me2+ only for Co2+. In the case of Mn2+, exchange to the Na-parent zeolite or impregnation is required for this purpose while samples with maximum loading by bare Ni2+ can be prepared only by impregnation.
Smart or stupid depends on who is your counterpart: a cobweb model with heterogeneous expectations
Authors: Guo Feng , Liu Chong , Shi Qingling 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe investigate the dynamics of a cobweb model with heterogeneous expectations, generalizing the famous model of Brock and Hommes (Brock, W. A., and C. H. Hommes. 1997. “A Rational Route to Randomness.”Econometrica65 (5): 1059–1095) by adding a new predictor – periodical expectation – which predicts that the price will revert to its level two periods previously. We show that under the periodical expectation, when the agents are homogeneous, they will always make wrong predictions, whereas when the agents are heterogeneous, they may be either smart or stupid depending on their counterparts’ types. Moreover, in the cobweb framework, the periodical predictor may be a destabilizer in some cases, but a stabilizer in other cases. We also find that in the cobweb model with rational, naive and periodical expectations, under certain refined conditions, the rational predictor may be endogenously dominated by naive and periodical predictors.
ZnO/UV/H2O2 Based Advanced Oxidation of Disperse Red Dye
Authors: Jamil Aneela , Bokhari Tanveer Hussain , Iqbal Munawar , Zuber Muhammad , Bukhari Iftikhar Hussain 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
In view of promising efficiency of advanced oxidation process, ZnO/UV/H2O2 based advanced oxidation process (AOP) was employed for the degradation of Disperse Red-60 (DR-60) in aqueous medium. The process variables such as concentration of catalysts, reaction time, pH, dye initial concentration and H2O2 dose were evaluated for maximum degradation of dye. The maximum degradation of 97% was achieved at optimum conditions of H2O2 (0.9 mL/L), ZnO (0.6 g/L) at pH 9.0 in 60 min irradiation time. The analysis of treated dye solution revealed the complete degradation under the effect of ZnO/UV/H2O2 treatment. The water quality parameters were also studied of treated and un-treated dye solution and up to 79% COD and 60% BOD reductions were achieved when dye was treated with at optimum conditions. The dissolved oxygen increased up to 85.6% after UV/H2O2/ZnO treatment. The toxicity was also monitored using hemolytic and Ames tests and results revealed that toxicity (cytotoxicity and mutagenicity) was also reduced significantly. In view of promising efficiency of UV/H2O2/ZnO system, it could possibly be used for the treatment of wastewater containing toxic dyes.
UV/H2O2/Ferrioxalate Based Integrated Approach to Decolorize and Mineralize Reactive Blue Dye: Optimization Through Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Barkaat Samra , Zuber Muhammad , Zia Khalid Mahmood , Noreen Aqdas , Tabasum Shazia 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The decolorization and mineralization of Reactive Blue 222 dye was studied using UV/H2O2/ferrioxalate approach in combination with Pleorotus ostreatus. The dye was decolorized by UV/H2O2/ferrioxalate based advanced oxidation process (AOP) at different levels of process variables dye concentration, catalyst dose, pH, reaction time and resultantly, 80% decolorization was achieved. Pleorotus ostreatus treatment enhanced the dye degradation up to 92% at optimum levels of pH, temperature, inoculum size, carbon and nitrogen sources at specific concentration. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed for optimization under face-centered central composite design (CCD). Although both treatments were found efficient for the removal of dye, but on applying the integrated approach, 96% dye removal was obtained which led to complete degradation of the dye. FTIR analysis confirmed the degradation of dye into low mass compounds. The water quality assurance parameters were measured to assess the mineralization efficiency. A significant reduction in COD (94%) and TOC (92%) were found when dye was degraded integrated approach. A phytotoxicity analysis on Pisum sativum plant revealed the non-toxic behavior of metabolites produced. Results revealed that the integrated approach is highly promising for the decolorization and mineralization of the Reactive Blue 222 dye and is also extendable to treat the dye in textile wastewater.
Compositionality in Davidson’s Early Work
Authors: Pagin Peter 
Published: April 2019

Davidson’s 1965 paper, “Theories of Meaning and Learnable Languages”, has (at least almost) invariably been interpreted, by others and by myself, as arguing that natural languages must have a compositional semantics, or at least a systematic semantics, that can be finitely specified. However, in his reply to me in the Żegleń volume, Davidson denies that compositionality is in any need of an argument. How does this add up?
In this paper I consider Davidson’s first three meaning theoretic papers from this perspective. I conclude that Davidson was right in his reply to me that he never took compositionality, or systematic semantics, to be in need of justification. What Davidson had been concerned with, clearly in the 1965 paper and in “Truth and Meaning” from 1967, and to some extent in his Carnap critique from 1963, is (i) that we need a general theory of natural language meaning, (ii) that such a theory should not be in conflict with the learnability of a language, and (iii) that such a theory bring out should how knowledge of a finite number of features of a language suffices for the understanding of all the sentences of that language.
Adenine Methylation in Drosophila Is Associated with the Tissue-Specific Expression of Developmental and Regulatory Genes
Authors: Shah Kinnary , Cao Weihuan , Ellison Christopher E 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
N6-methyladenine (6mA or m6dA) is a DNA modification that has long been known to play an important role in a variety of biological functions in prokaryotes. This modification has only recently been described in eukaryotes, where it seems to have evolved species-specific functions ranging from nucleosome positioning to transposon repression. In Drosophila, 6mA has been shown to be important for enforcing the tissue specificity of neuronal genes in the brain and suppressing transposable element expression in the ovaries. In this study, we have analyzed the raw signal data from nanopore sequencing to identify 6mA positions in the D. melanogaster genome at single-base resolution. We find that this modification is enriched upstream from transcription start sites, within the introns and 3′ UTRs of genes, as well as in simple repeats. These 6mA positions are enriched for sequence motifs that are recognized by known transcriptional activators involved in development, such as Bicoid and Caudal, and the genes that carry this modification are enriched for functions involved in development, regulation of transcription, and neuronal activity. These genes show high expression specificity in a variety of tissues besides the brain, suggesting that this modification may play a more general role in enforcing the specificity of gene expression across many tissues, throughout development, and between the sexes.
Die Regulierung notleidender Kredite
Authors: Glos Alexander , Nemeczek Heinrich 
Published: April 2019

Zusammenfassung
Die Regulierung notleidender Kredite oder Risikopositionen („non-performing exposures“, „NPE“) ist seit einigen Jahren verstärkt in den Fokus der europäischen Aufsichtsbehörden sowie des europäischen Gesetzgebers gekommen. Angesichts hoher Bestände an NPE, die die Finanzlage einer Reihe von Kreditinstituten in der EU beeinträchtigen, verwundert es nicht, dass insbesondere die Europäische Kommission, die EZB sowie die EBA verschiedene Initiativen ergriffen haben, um die Probleme von NPE zu adressieren. Der vorliegende Beitrag befasst sich mit zentralen Elementen der jüngsten regulatorischen und legislativen Bestrebungen zur Regulierung von NPE, zu denen die Einführung von Mindestdeckungsanforderungen für NPE, aufsichtliche Erwartungen an die Risikovorsorge für NPE im Rahmen der Pillar 2-Maßnahmen, Aufsichtsanforderungen an eine NPE-Strategie und NPE-Governance sowie die Regulierung von Kreditdienstleistern und Kreditkäufern gehören.