bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The contingency of performance measurement systems in Moroccan public institutions and enterprises
Authors: Ibrahimi Mohammed , Naym Siham 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
In the framework of contingency theory, this paper aims to study the contextual variables that influence the variety of the contents of a performance measurement system, specifically the use of non-financial indicators in Moroccan public institutions and enterprises (MPIE).

Design/methodology/approach
Aiming to study the factors which influence the use of financial and non-financial indicators within MPIEs, the authors attempted to identify all performance indicators used by the MPIEs in the sample. They selected 23 MPIEs with an industrial and commercial character and analyzed their reports for the period from 2010 to 2015. To evaluate the variety of performance indicators within these organizations, they used the multi-dimensional definition of performance recommended by Kaplan and Norton (1998) and used linear regressions to explain their relationship with the contextual variables.

Findings
Three hypotheses were developed regarding these contingency factors, predicting a positive relationship between the age, the size and the competitive environment of the organization, on one hand, and the use of non-financial indicators on the other hand. Following the study of MPIEs, the authors found that these organizations normally use financial indicators. However, the use of non-financial indicators is influenced by the age of the organization alone.

Originality/value
The scientific contribution of this paper is twofold: first, the authors seek to fill the gap in studies of performance measurement systems for MPIEs; second, they wish to enrich the scientific literature for underdeveloped countries which suffer from lack of data. Its managerial contribution is also dual: first, the authors aim to provide managers of MPIEs with a clearer understanding of non-financial measures that fully address the different management needs of their organizations; second, they encourage the government control using non-financial aspects alongside financial aspects.
A path from bullying at work to alienation: a multi-level view
Authors: Kerse Gökhan , Babadag Mustafa 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to define the outcomes of bullying at work. In that sense, the study tries to define the effect of bullying at work on work alienation and the roles of political behavior perception and organizational alienation in this effect.

Design/methodology/approach
The study collects data from lecturers from a university in Turkey by using questionnaires. Structural equation model is used to test hypotheses.

Findings
The findings of the study show that political behavior perception has a mediating role over the effect of bullying at work on work alienation, and also that organizational alienation has a mediating role over the effect of political behavior perception on work alienation.

Practical implications
The study confirms that perception of bullying at work is determinant on the level of work alienation; thus, it is important to minimize bullying perception. This study shows both researchers and organizations that further potential vital problems to arise as a result of bullying will diminish once bullying at work is decreased.

Originality/value
The research tries to define the consecutives of bullying within a multi-level point of view. Additionally, as per the authors’ knowledge, there are no other studies in the literature that handle the related variables altogether.
The effect of components of tax saving on tax disclosure
Authors: Mgammal Mahfoudh Hussein 
Published: June 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the impact of tax planning (TP), which measured by the component of tax saving (TS), namely, permanent differences (PDs), temporary differences (TDF), foreign tax rates (FTRs) differentials and tax losses (TLOS) on tax disclosure (TD).Design/methodology/approachThis study uses panel data set from sample consisted of 286 non-financial listed companies in the main market of Bursa Malaysia (formerly known as Kuala Lumpur stock exchange) for three years 2010-2012. The empirical understanding of TD depends on publicly source of data in the financial statement, characterized in the aggregated note of tax expenses. TD was measured using modified effective tax rate reconciling items, as it is appropriate in the Malaysian environment. The paper uses multivariate statistical analyses on this sample.FindingsThe empirical results of the multivariate regressions indicated that TD exhibits significant positive association with the TLOS component of TS but has significant negative relationship related to the PDs component of TS and TDFs component of TS.Research limitations/implicationsThis study extends the prior-related literature by examining the relation between TD and component of TS. This study depends on both the signaling theory and the Scholes–Wolfson framework. These are the main theories concerned with TD and TP (TSs), respectively. Therefore, from a theoretical side, the authors adds to the current theories by verifying that users are the party influenced whether positively or negatively, by the extent of TD or the extent of activities of TP through Malaysian organizations.Practical implicationsThe evidence found by this study has important policy and practical knowledge implications for a minimum of three parties, namely, authorities, researchers in academic field and decision-makers and firm managers. The findings can provide them some relevant insights on the importance of TS actions from companies’ perspective and contribute to the discussion of who verifies and deduces from TD directed by companies.Originality/valueThis study is regarded as the first attempt to examine the impact of the component of TS, namely: PDs, TDFs, FTRs differentials and TLOS on TD in a developing nation such as Malaysia. In spite of this paper focuses on a single country, it contributes significant insights to the debate about TD.
The role of Chinese people’s political consultative conference in environmental governance
Authors: Zhou Yankun , Zhi Xiaoqiang , Wu Huiying , Li Yongqing 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to examine the role of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), a political advisory body in China, in addressing environmental challenges.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses 457 CPPCC environmental proposals across 160 cities for the period of 2013 to 2015 and a mediation effect model to examine the effect of CPPCC environmental proposals on environmental quality.

Findings
This study shows that CPPCC environmental proposals improve environmental quality; and the relationship between CPPCC environmental proposals and environmental quality is partially mediated by enforcement of environmental laws and regulations only although the proposals positively influence both law enforcement and environmental public budget expenditures.

Research limitations/implications
Future research may examine how the interaction between the government and other important stakeholders such as non-governmental organizations can help improve environmental quality. In addition, future research may examine whether other policy tools such as pollution tax and fees, environmental subsidies, and emissions trading can play a role in dealing with environmental issues.

Practical implications
This study provides evidence that supports CPPCC members to take an even more active role in public governance by engaging with both the government and the public.

Social implications
The CPPCC’s participation in public governance helps the government respond to critical issues more effectively. The government should pay close attention to CPPCC proposals when making public policies. Furthermore, the government probably needs to review its policies in relation to environmental expenditures.

Originality/value
This study is the first to examine the role of the CPPCC, a political advisory body, in addressing environmental challenges through functioning as a bridge between government and the public, whereas the extant literature has predominantly focused on the role of government, market and the public.
Setting and achieving individualized social communication goals for people with acquired brain injury (ABI) within a group treatment
Authors: Behn Nicholas , Marshall Jane , Togher Leanne , Cruice Madeline 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundCognitive–communication disorders are common following an acquired brain injury (ABI). Remediation should involve individualized goal‐setting, yet few reports describe the effectiveness of setting communication goals in a group setting.AimsTo describe a process for setting and achieving goals for people with ABI.Methods & ProceduresA total of 21 participants with ABI participated in a group treatment (triads and dyads) over 6 weeks (20 h in total). Specific social communication goals were set using goal attainment scaling (GAS) with the participant and their communication partner. Goals targeted strategy use that accounted for existing cognitive abilities. The participant and their communication partner evaluated the goals post‐treatment and 6–8 weeks later. Data were analysed using Friedman's test to identify the achievement of GAS goals.Outcomes & ResultsA total of 20 participants recalled goals independently post‐treatment. Significant improvement post‐treatment on GAS goals was rated by both the participant (p < 0.001) and their communication partner (p < 0.001). This improvement was maintained at follow‐up. No significant differences in ratings were found between participants and their communication partners at either time point.Conclusions & ImplicationsIndividualized social communication goals can be set and achieved for people with ABI in group treatment, even when participants are several years post‐injury. GAS offers a method for structuring and quantifying goal progress. Involving communication partners and cognitive strategies were effective in improving communication.
Disseminated cutaneous‐only histoplasmosis in a patient with AIDS
Authors: Lin Matthew J , Mazzoni Daniel , Gin Douglas 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHistoplasmosis is an opportunistic fungal infection that occurs predominantly in immunocompromised patients. Cutaneous lesions in histoplasmosis are rare and typically occur in the absence of extra‐cutaneous manifestations. We present a rare case of disseminated cutaneous‐only histoplasmosis in a patient with recently diagnosed AIDS.
Letter: programmed cell death protein‐1 (PD‐1)‐targeted immunotherapy in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: efficacy and safety data from an international multicentre real‐world cohort—more questions than answers
Authors: Kung Tzu‐Hsiang , Wang Chia‐Chi 
Published: June 2019

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Scheiner and Scheiner and Pinter papers.
To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15245 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15334.
The impact of diagnostic wait time on the survival of patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma: effect modification by the International Prognostic Index
Authors: Lee Shin , Fujita Kei , Negoro Eiju , Morishita Tetsuji , Yamauchi Hideaki , Oiwa Kana , Ueda Takanori , Yamauchi Takahiro 
Published: June 2019

SummaryDespite the importance of a prompt diagnosis to improve cancer patients’ survival, little has been reported on diagnostic delay in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL). A single‐centre, retrospective study was conducted to examine the association between diagnostic wait time (DWT), the interval from the initial hospital visit to diagnosis, and survival in patients with DLBCL. A total of 193 patients were enrolled from 2007 to 2017 in our institution. A covariate‐adjusted Cox proportional hazards model with restricted cubic spline was used to evaluate the impact of DWT on survival, with a subgroup analysis according to the International Prognostic Index (IPI). DWT was not associated with survival in the entire DLBCL population, but the impact of DWT on survival differed between IPI < 3 and ≥ 3; prolongation of DWT steadily exacerbated the prognosis in patients with IPI ≥ 3, whereas there was a patient population with IPI < 3 who had a high mortality rate despite rather early diagnosis. The opposite trend in the effect of DWT on survival between patients with IPI < 3 and ≥ 3 offset survival in all DLBCL patients. DWT had no observable impact on outcomes in the entire DLBCL population, but longer DWT worsened the prognosis, particularly in patients with IPI ≥ 3.
Type 2 diabetes is associated with the accumulation of senescent T cells
Authors: Lau E Y M , Carroll E C , Callender L A , Hood G A , Berryman V , Pattrick M , Finer S , Hitman G A , Ackland G L , Henson S M 
Published: June 2019

Summary
Type 2 diabetes is a global health priority, given that it is driven, in part, by an ageing population, the role of immune senescence has been overlooked. This is surprising, as the functional impairments of senescent T cells show strong similarities to patients with hyperglycaemia. Immune senescence is typified by alterations in T cell memory, such as the accumulation of highly differentiated end-stage memory T cells, as well as a constitutive low-grade inflammation, which drives further immune differentiation. We show here in a preliminary study that people living with type 2 diabetes have a higher circulating volume of senescent T cells accompanied with a higher level of systemic inflammation. This inflammatory environment drives the expression of a unique array of chemokine receptors on senescent T cells, most notably C-X-C motif chemokine receptor type 2. However, this increased expression of migratory markers does not translate to improved extravasation owing to a lack of glucose uptake by the T cells. Our results therefore demonstrate that the presence of senescent T cells has a detrimental impact on immune function during type 2 diabetes.
Effect of constant versus variable small‐group facilitators on students’ basic science knowledge in an enquiry‐based dental curriculum
Authors: Zahra Daniel , Bennett Jon , Belfield Louise , Ali Kamran , Mcilwaine Clare , Bruce Malcolm , Jones Gill , Brookes Zoe L. , Coelho Catherine , Zaric Svetislav 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe role of small‐group facilitators is of pivotal importance for the success of curricula based on active learning. Disorganised tutorial processes and superficial study of the problem have been identified as main hindering factors for students’ learning. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of consistency of facilitation on students’ performance in knowledge‐based basic science assessments in a hybrid, enquiry‐based (EBL) undergraduate dental curriculum.Materials and methodsThis was a retrospective study of 519 first‐ and second‐year undergraduate dental students, enrolled at Peninsula Dental School between 2013 and 2018. Twice in each academic year, students sat a 60‐item single‐best‐answer, multiple‐choice examination. Percentage and Z‐scores were compared between students whose EBL groups had the same facilitator throughout the academic year, and those whose EBL group was facilitated by different members of staff. All EBL facilitators were dentally qualified but with different levels of expertise in basic dental sciences, prior EBL facilitation, involvement in the curriculum design and university affiliation.ResultsNo statistically significant difference was observed in the percentage or Z‐scores of students whose EBL sessions were supported by consistent or variable facilitators in any of the 18 MCQ tests. Z‐scores of first‐year students were more variable than for second‐year students. In addition, pairwise comparisons revealed no statistically significant differences in students' Z‐scores between any of the permanent facilitators’ groups.ConclusionsThe results of our study may influence the design and delivery of enquiry‐based curricula as well as human resources management by shifting the focus from maintaining facilitator consistency to ensuring comparable training and approaches across facilitators.
The Epilepsy Surgery Grading Scale: Validation in an independent population with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy
Authors: Conte Francesca , Van Paesschen Wim , Legros Benjamin , Depondt Chantal 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe Epilepsy Surgery Grading Scale (ESGS) is a simple tool that predicts a patient's likelihood of progressing to resective surgery and becoming seizure‐free. The aim of our study was to validate the ESGS in an independent patient cohort. We retrospectively calculated the ESGS score for adult patients with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy undergoing presurgical evaluation at two reference centers for drug‐resistant epilepsy in Belgium. We classified patients into ESGS grade 1 (most favorable), grade 2 (intermediate), and grade 3 (least favorable). We assessed progression to surgery and postsurgical seizure freedom. A total of 238 patients underwent presurgical evaluation (presurgical cohort), of whom 140 progressed to surgery (surgical cohort). In the presurgical cohort, we observed significant differences in rates of surgery and in rates of seizure freedom between grades 1, 2, and 3. In the surgical cohort, we observed significant differences in rates of seizure freedom between grades 1 and 2 and between grades 1 and 3. We confirm the usefulness of the ESGS for the prognostic stratification of patients with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy undergoing presurgical evaluation. Our results support the use of the ESGS in the decision process of presurgical evaluation in clinical practice.
Effects of starvation on death‐feigning in adult Eucryptorrhynchus brandti (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Li Huijuan , Zhang Ganyu , Ji Yingchao , Wen Junbao 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn insects, death‐feigning is an effective defence strategy. Eucryptorrhynchus brandti, a major borer pest in China, has a weak flight ability and exhibits obvious death‐feigning behaviour when disturbed. Despite a large number of studies of its biological and ecological properties as well as control methods, the death‐feigning behaviour has not been specifically described. In laboratory conditions, we recorded the survival rate under starvation and feeding conditions and evaluated the effect of starvation on the duration and occurrence of death‐feigning. In a continuous experiment, we examined variation in the death‐feigning duration every day over 7 day. Then, we evaluated the effects of starvation for 3, 6 and 9 day in a non‐continuous experiment and further observed variation in the death‐feigning intensity. We found that starvation significantly affected the survival rate. Survival time was significantly longer in the starvation group than in the feeding group, and females had longer survival times than males (female: 14 day, male: 8 day). In the continuous experiment, starved E. brandti had the longest duration of death‐feigning at 2 day, followed by a significant decrease. In the non‐continuous experiment, the duration and proportion of death‐feigning decreased significantly as the duration of starvation increased and were significantly lower than feeding. These observations suggest that starvation is a non‐negligible factor in the death‐feigning behaviour of E. brandti adults, facilitating the interpretation of future ecological and behavioural data of thanatosis.
Changing salmon: An analysis of body mass, abundance, survival, and productivity trends across 45 years in Puget Sound
Authors: Losee James P. , Kendall Neala W. , Dufault Aaron 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPacific salmon and trout (Oncorhynchus spp., Salmonidae) of the Puget Sound region of Washington State, USA, have experienced recent and longer‐term (multidecadal) variability in abundance while supporting robust fisheries. As part of the post‐season salmon management process, population‐specific estimates of total adult abundance to Puget Sound (Strait of Juan de Fuca) for pink (O. gorbuscha), chum (O. keta), coho (O. kisutch), sockeye (O. nerka), and Chinook (O. tshawytscha) salmon and steelhead trout (O. mykiss) are calculated annually. We compiled annual estimates of body mass, abundance and survival of hatchery‐ and naturally produced salmon from 1970 to 2015 to compare spatial and temporal patterns across species. Average weights of adult salmon and steelhead returning to Puget Sound, with the exception of coho salmon, have decreased since the 1970s. Temporal trends in abundance, survival and productivity varied by species and origin (hatchery vs. naturally produced). Generally, abundance and survival rates of natural‐origin species decreased whereas those of hatchery‐produced species did not, which is in contrast with other studies' general conclusions of decreasing survival among Puget Sound salmonids. Species diversity has decreased in recent years, with salmonids that rely on a short freshwater rearing phase in the natural environment (hatchery‐produced fish and naturally produced pink and chum) representing >90% of total returns in most years. This new information reveals patterns of body size, abundance, survival and productivity across species, life history and rearing type over the past 45 years and, in doing so, demonstrates the strength in multidecadal, multifactor time series to critically evaluate salmonid species.
Spouse's functional disability and mortality: The Ohsaki Cohort 2006 Study
Authors: Sone Toshimasa , Nakaya Naoki , Tomata Yasutake , Nakaya Kumi , Hoshi Masayuki , Tsuji Ichiro 
Published: June 2019

AimCaregiver burden is known to negatively affect a partner's health. Given the important role of physical and mental stress in mortality, a higher caregiver burden might be associated with an increased incidence of fatal events. However, previous studies of the effects of the partner's caregiving on mortality have shown inconsistent results. Thus, the purpose of the present longitudinal study was to determine if there is an association between a spouse's functional disability and mortality in the older Japanese population.MethodsA baseline survey was carried out with 7598 participants in 2006. Information on the date of functional disability, death or emigration was retrieved from the Ohsaki City government. Functional disability was defined as receiving a certification for long‐term care insurance in Japan. After a follow‐up period of a maximum of 87 months, 1316 of the participants died and Cox regression analysis with adjustment for confounding factors was used to assess mortality after the incidence of functional disability in a spouse.ResultsThe multivariate adjusted hazard ratio for mortality was 1.78 (95% confidence interval 1.52–2.08, P < 0.01) in those whose spouses had functional disabilities compared with those with spouses who did not have functional disabilities. The mortality was consistently higher, irrespective of age group or sex.ConclusionsThese results imply that caregiver burden might increase stress responses and lead to increased mortality; therefore, enhancement of support systems, including long‐term care, housing and livelihood support services, for those with disability and their spouses might be important for preventing deaths. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 774–779.