bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of data averaging strategies on V̇O2max assessment: Mathematical modeling and reliability
Authors: Martin‐Rincon Marcos , González‐Henríquez Juan José , Losa‐Reyna José , Perez‐Suarez Ismael , Ponce‐González Jesús Gustavo , de La Calle‐Herrero Jaime , Perez‐Valera Mario , Pérez‐López Alberto , Curtelin David , Cherouveim Evgenia D. , Morales‐Alamo David , Calbet Jose A. L. 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundNo consensus exists on how to average data to optimize O2max assessment. Although the O2max value is reduced with larger averaging blocks, no mathematical procedure is available to account for the effect of the length of the averaging block on O2max.AimsTo determine the effect that the number of breaths or seconds included in the averaging block has on the O2max value and its reproducibility and to develop correction equations to standardize O2max values obtained with different averaging strategies.MethodsEighty‐four subjects performed duplicate incremental tests to exhaustion (IE) in the cycle ergometer and/or treadmill using two metabolic carts (Vyntus and Vmax N29). Rolling breath averages and fixed time averages were calculated from breath‐by‐breath data from 6 to 60 breaths or seconds.ResultsO2max decayed from 6 to 60 breath averages by 10% in low fit (O2max < 40 mL kg−1 min−1) and 6.7% in trained subjects. The O2max averaged from a similar number of breaths or seconds was highly concordant (CCC > 0.97). There was a linear‐log relationship between the number of breaths or seconds in the averaging block and O2max (R2 > 0.99, P < 0.001), and specific equations were developed to standardize O2max values to a fixed number of breaths or seconds. Reproducibility was higher in trained than low‐fit subjects and not influenced by the averaging strategy, exercise mode, maximal respiratory rate, or IE protocol.ConclusionsThe O2max decreases following a linear‐log function with the number of breaths or seconds included in the averaging block and can be corrected with specific equations as those developed here.
Morphological phylogeny and classification of Winthemiini (Diptera: Tachinidae: Exoristinae)
Authors: Lopes André C. , de Carvalho Claudio J. B. , Nihei Silvio S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWinthemiini is a worldwide tribe in the subfamily Exoristinae (Diptera: Tachinidae) with 200 species in 16 genera. We confirm the monophyly of Winthemiini and examine relationships among the constituent genera based on a parsimonious analysis of adult morphological characters for 53 species representing 12 out of 16 currently recognized Winthemiini genera. As a result, Winthemiini is divided into three major clades, with relationships as follows: ((Rhaphiochaeta [Ossidingia, Nemorilla]) ((Hemisturmia [Avibrissosturmia, Triodontopyga]) ([Smidtia, Winthemia])). A revised classification system for Winthemiini is proposed, recognizing 12 genera. Four new synonymies are proposed – Diotrephes and Chesippus as junior synonyms of Smidtia, and Hemisturmiella and Parachetolyga as junior synonyms of Winthemia – along with four new combinations: Winthemia brasiliana (Guimarães) comb.n., W. metopia (Bischof) comb.n., Smidtia atriventris (Walker) comb.n., and S. notialis (Reinhard) comb.n.
Cost of managing severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions to first‐line tuberculosis therapy in South Africa
Authors: Knight Lauren K. , Lehloenya Rannakoe J. , Sinanovic Edina , Pooran Anil 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the cost of managing treatment‐limiting cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADRs) to first‐line anti‐tuberculosis drugs to an alternative strategy of immediate treatment initiation using second‐line drugs in a South African setting.MethodsClinical and cost data were retrospectively collected from patients presenting with a first‐line anti‐tuberculosis therapy‐associated CADR. Costs (2016 US$) were estimated using an ingredient’s approach from a healthcare provider perspective. The per‐patient and total cost of drug rechallenge, the current management strategy for severe CADR, was calculated. Alternative strategies involving second‐line treatment were derived from literature and expert clinical advice.ResultsDrug rechallenge costs US $5831 (95% CI: 5134–6527) per patient. Hospitalisation accounted for 62% of this cost. Alternative CADR management strategies using regimens containing rifabutin, bedaquiline and/or delamanid cost 44%–55% less than drug rechallenge (US $2651–US $3276/patient). In univariate sensitivity analyses, drug rechallenge and alternative strategies were most sensitive to hospitalisation and tuberculosis drug costs, respectively.ConclusionCutaneous adverse drug reactions to anti‐tuberculosis treatment represent a significant economic burden. An alternate strategy of outpatient‐initiated second‐line therapy is economically feasible but requires clinical validation to assess effectiveness.
Point of care ultrasound: does the presence of ascites in severe pre‐eclampsia correlate with poor maternal and neonatal outcome?
Authors: Mbonyizina Celestin , Ntirushwa David , Bazzett‐Matabele Lisa , Ntasumbumuyange Diomede , Rulisa Stephen , Magriples Urania 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveAscites in severe pre‐eclampsia may impact foetal and maternal outcomes. The objective was to determine the prevalence of ascites in women with severe pre‐eclampsia by point of care (POC) ultrasound and to determine whether it correlates with higher perinatal risks.MethodsProspective cohort study of patients admitted with severe pre‐eclampsia at 2 teaching hospitals in Kigali, Rwanda. Serial POC ultrasound was performed to document ascites. Patients were stratified by the presence of ascites in perinatal period. Maternal demographics and complications were recorded and compared between groups.ResultsThere were 112 patients with severe pre‐eclampsia, and ascites was found in 53.5% (76.7% antepartum, and 23.3% postpartum). Antepartum ascites correlated with an earlier delivery (32.2 ± 0.51 vs. 33.8 ± 0.47 weeks, P = 0.022) as well as lower birthweight (1587.3 ± 77.03 vs. 2011.6 ± 103.5 g, P = 0.002). Antepartum ascites was associated with higher stillbirth rates (P = 0.034) and NICU admission (87.2% vs. 68%, P = 0.034). Maternal hospital stay was increased in the ascites group (P < 0.0001).ConclusionsAscites is common in severe pre‐eclampsia in Rwanda and maybe a prognosticator for poor outcomes. A larger sample is necessary to determine whether ascites is independently associated with maternal morbidity and mortality and whether documenting its presence aids in the management of the foetus and mother.
Effectiveness of a large‐scale handwashing promotion intervention on handwashing behaviour in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Wichaidit Wit , Biswas Shwapon , Begum Farzana , Yeasmin Farzana , Nizame Fosiul Alam , Najnin Nusrat , Leontsini Elli , Winch Peter J. , Unicomb Leanne , Luby Stephen P. , Ram Pavani K. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe behavioural effect of large‐scale handwashing promotion programmes has been infrequently evaluated, and variation in the effect over time has not been described. We assess the effect of a large‐scale handwashing promotion programme on handwashing outcomes in a community setting in Dhaka, Bangladesh.MethodsWe analysed data from a cluster‐randomised trial that included three arms: vaccine‐and‐behaviour‐change intervention (VBC), vaccine‐only (V) and no intervention (Control). Data collectors randomly selected different subsets of households each month during the study period and assessed: (i) temporal variation in availability of soap and water at handwashing place; (ii) the use of water and soap by participants when asked to demonstrate handwashing, and; (iii) handwashing behaviour according to structured observation. We used log‐binomial regression analyses to calculate prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals and compare outcomes by study arms.ResultsData collectors surveyed 9325 households over 28 months. In VBC, there was a significant positive trend on availability of water and soap from baseline to 9 months after the start of the intervention (P‐for‐trends <0.001), and no significant trend during months 10–28 (P‐for‐trend = 0.297). In the entire study period, availability of water and soap was higher in VBC (43%) than in V (23%) (PR = 1.92; CI = 1.72, 2.15) and Control (28%) (PR = 1.53; CI = 1.38, 1.69) households. There were no differences between study arms with regard to use of soap during handwashing demonstrations. Observed handwashing with soap after toilet use was higher in VBC (17%) than in V (8%) (PR = 1.47, CI = 0.58, 3.75) and Control (2%) (PR = 3.47, CI = 0.48, 23.33) groups. At other possible pathogen transmission events, the prevalence of handwashing with soap was ≤3%.ConclusionVBC households maintained soap and water for handwashing, but the prevalence of observed handwashing was low in all study arms. The results underscore the need to strengthen scalable behaviour change approaches.
Does genetic variability in weeds respond to non‐chemical selection pressure in arable fields?
Authors: Darmency H 
Published: June 2019

SummaryAt a time when herbicide use is being challenged by the selection of herbicide‐resistant weeds, reliance on other, innovative weed control strategies is becoming increasingly necessary. However, one may question the sustainability of these novel farming practices if weeds adapt rapidly to these non‐chemical selection pressures. Although farmers and agronomists impose many selective processes through farming practices, there is a paucity of literature demonstrating these selection cases in arable fields. In contrast to the relatively simple case of herbicide resistance, random trait association and variability in selection pressures in field conditions could explain why there are so few clear examples of adaptive processes to non‐chemical control in arable fields.
Leptospira detection in flood‐prone environment of Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Widiyanti Dian , Djannatun Titiek , Astuti Ike Irmawati Purbo , Maharsi Eri Dian 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe study about Leptospira, particularly pathogenic strain, was conducted in the flood‐prone area in the Special Capital Region of Jakarta. The aim of this study was to discover and identify the serovars of pathogenic Leptospira in the environment, which might infect human during flooding. Seventy‐three samples, consisted of 36 samples of environmental water and 37 samples of soil, were collected from 5 districts of Jakarta. Their pH was measured, and the samples were then cultured in a modified Korthof's medium with 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) addition. Polymerase chain reaction, targeted on 23S rDNA (rrl), FlaB and LipL32 genes, was performed to identify Leptospira genus and differentiate the pathogenic. Identification of the pathogenic Leptospira was done utilising DNA sequencing. Seven samples showed amplification of rrl‐gene. flaB and lipl32‐PCR assay indicated one positive amplification band, each. Confirmation of flaB and lipl32 amplicons by DNA sequencing and BLAST analysis showed flaB amplicon (G1B; GenBank accession number MK006031.1) had 94% similarity with L. licerasiae (LC005426.1), while lipl32 amplicon was not identified as lipl32 of Leptospira. Based on those results, one intermediate pathogenic and six saprophytic Leptospira were obtained from the environment in Jakarta.
Comparing Cognitive Control Performance During Seated Rest and Self-Paced Cycling on a Desk Bike in Preadolescent Children
Authors: Ruiter Margina , Eielts Charly , Loyens Sofie , Paas Fred 
Published: June 2019

Background: Although active workstations, such as desk bikes, have proven to be beneficial for health, there is limited information regarding their effects on children’s acute cognitive performance during self-paced exercise. Methods: This study used a within-subjects, fully counterbalanced design with a sample of 38 preadolescent children (mean age = 12.50 y, SD = 0.62; 43% male), who performed cognitive tests while being seated or while cycling for 45 minutes with a 7-day interval. Effects of using a desk bike were evaluated on cognitive control: verbal and visuospatial working memory capacities were tested, and inhibition was assessed using a modified flanker task. In addition, subjective task experience was explored using self-report measures. Results: Cognitive control performance was not degraded but also not improved with the short-term use of desk bikes. Because of the null effects, there is no direction and magnitude of the outcomes to discuss. Conclusions: These findings suggest that schools can successfully implement desk bikes to increase physical activity and reduce sedentary time among children without compromising cognitive control processes necessary for academic achievement.
Reaching the End of the Line: Urinary Tract Infections
Authors: Tamadonfar Kevin O. , Omattage Natalie S. , Spaulding Caitlin N. , Hultgren Scott J. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) cause a substantial health care burden. UTIs (i) are most often caused by uropathogenic
Escherichia coli
(UPEC), (ii) primarily affect otherwise healthy females (50% of women will have a UTI), (iii) are associated with significant morbidity and economic impact, (iv) can become chronic, and (v) are highly recurrent. A history of UTI is a significant risk factor for a recurrent UTI (rUTI). In otherwise healthy women, an acute UTI leads to a 25 to 50% chance of rUTI within months of the initial infection. Interestingly, rUTIs are commonly caused by the same strain of
E. coli
that led to the initial infection, arguing that there exist host-associated reservoirs, like the gastrointestinal tract and underlying bladder tissue, that can seed rUTIs. Additionally, catheter-associated UTIs (CAUTI), caused by
Enterococcus
and
Staphylococcus
as well as UPEC, represent a major health care concern. The host’s response of depositing fibrinogen at the site of infection has been found to be critical to establishing CAUTI. The Drug Resistance Index, an evaluation of antibiotic resistance, indicates that UTIs have become increasingly difficult to treat since the mid-2000s. Thus, UTIs are a “canary in the coal mine,” warning of the possibility of a return to the preantibiotic era, where some common infections are untreatable with available antibiotics. Numerous alternative strategies for both the prevention and treatment of UTIs are being pursued, with a focus on the development of vaccines and small-molecule inhibitors targeting virulence factors, in the hopes of reducing the burden of urogenital tract infections in an antibiotic-sparing manner.
Fatigue in childhood chronic disease
Authors: Nap-van der Vlist Merel M , Dalmeijer Geertje W , Grootenhuis Martha A , van der Ent Cornelis K , van den Heuvel-Eibrink Marry M , Wulffraat Nico M , Swart Joost F , van Litsenburg Raphaële R L , van de Putte Elise M , Nijhof Sanne L 
Published: June 2019

Background and objectivesRecently, in adults, the incidence and severity of fatigue was found to exist rather independently from the somatic diagnosis. Since fatigue is distressing when growing up with a chronic disease, we aim to investigate: (1) the prevalence and extent of fatigue among various paediatric chronic diseases and (2) the effect of fatigue on health-related quality of life (HRQoL).Design and settingCross-sectional study in two children’s hospitals.PatientsChildren and adolescents 2–18 years of age with cystic fibrosis, an autoimmune disease or postcancer treatment visiting the outpatient clinic.Outcome measuresFatigue and HRQoL were assessed using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) multidimensional fatigue scale (with lower scores indicating more fatigue) and PedsQL generic core scales, respectively. Linear regression analysis and analysis of covariance were used to compare fatigue scores across disease groups and against two control groups. The effect of fatigue on HRQoL was calculated. Data were adjusted for age, sex and reporting method.Results481 children and adolescents were assessed (60% participation rate, mean age 10.7±4.9, 42% men). Children and adolescents with chronic disease reported more fatigue than the general population (mean difference −6.6, 95% CI −8.9 to –4.3 (range 0–100)), with a prevalence of severe fatigue of 21.2%. Fatigue scores did not differ significantly between disease groups on any fatigue domain. Fatigue was associated with lower HRQoL on all domains.ConclusionsFatigue in childhood chronic disease is a common symptom that presents across disease, age and sex groups. Fatigue affects HRQoL. Our findings underscore the need to systematically assess fatigue. Future studies should determine possible biological and psychosocial treatment targets.
Standard reference values of the postural control in healthy young female adults in Germany: an observational study
Authors: Ohlendorf Daniela , Doerry Charlotte , Fisch Vanessa , Schamberger Sebastian , Erbe Christina , Wanke Eileen M , Groneberg David A 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveMany people of all ages suffer from vertigo due to different reasons. The comparison of patient data with standard values can highlight deteriorations or changes in postural control and thus indicate, for example, an increased risk of falling. Our aim is to measure standard values for the postural control of young healthy women.DesignObservational study.SettingInstitute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt/Main.Participants106 healthy German female subjects aged between 21 and 30 years (25±2.7 years) were measured. Their average body mass index (BMI) was 21.1±2.61 kg/m².Outcome measuresA pressure measuring platform was used to measure the weight distribution and postural sway in habitual standing. Median, tolerance range and CI were calculated.ResultsHeight, weight and BMI are comparable to the average young German female population. The load distribution between right and left foot was 49.91%:50.09%. The forefoot was less loaded than the rear foot (33.3%:66.67%). The right rear foot carried most of the body weight (34.34%). The average body sway was 9.50 mm in the frontal and 13.00 mm in the sagittal plane.ConclusionsStandard values for the postural control of the women aged 21–30 years correlate with the already collected data of healthy subjects and can therefore be described as representative. The standard values enable diagnosing and treating impaired balance.
Protocol for Healthy Habits Happy Homes (4H) Scotland: feasibility of a participatory approach to adaptation and implementation of a study aimed at early prevention of obesity
Authors: Gillespie Jenny , Hughes Adrienne , Gibson Ann-Marie , Haines Jess , Taveras Elsie , Reilly John J 
Published: June 2019

IntroductionPrevention of childhood obesity is an important public health objective. Promoting healthful energy balance related behaviours (EBRBs) in the early years should be a key focus. In Scotland, one in five children are overweight or obese by age 5 years, with levels highest in deprived areas. This study protocol outlines the stages of a feasibility study to translate the highly promising North American Healthy Habits, Happy Homes (4H) a home based, preschool childhood obesity prevention intervention to Scotland (4H Scotland). First, elements of participatory and co-production approaches utilised to: (a) engage key stakeholders, (b) enable inclusive recruitment of participants and (c) adapt original study materials. Second, 4H Scotland intervention will be tested within a community experiencing health/social inequalities and high levels of deprivation in Dundee, Scotland.Methods and analysis4H Scotland aims to recruit up to 40 families. Anthropometry, objective and subjective measures of EBRBs will be collected at baseline and at 6 months. The intervention consists of monthly visits to family home, using motivational interviewing and SMS to support healthful EBRBs: sleep duration, physical activity (active play), screen time, family meals. The Control Group will receive standard healthy lifestyle information. Fidelity to intervention will be assessed using recordings of intervention visits. Feasibility and acceptability of study design components will be assessed through qualitative interviews and process evaluation of recruitment, retention rates; appropriateness, practicality of obtaining outcome measures; intervention duration, content, mode of delivery and associated costs. Adaptation through participatory and co-production will support development of 4H Scotland. Process evaluation offers two future directions; advancement towards a definitive, larger trial or routine practice.Ethics and disseminationThis study was granted ethical approval by the University of Strathclyde’s School of Psychological Sciences and Health Ethics Committee. Results will be disseminated through lay summaries workshops, peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.Trial registration numberISRCTN13385965; Pre-results.
High-Resolution Bisulfite-Sequencing of Peripheral Blood DNA Methylation in Early-Onset and Familial Risk Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Chen Justin , Haanpää Maria K. , Gruber Joshua J. , Jäger Natalie , Ford James M. , Snyder Michael P. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
Understanding and explaining hereditary predisposition to cancer has focused on the genetic etiology of the disease. However, mutations in known genes associated with breast cancer, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, account for less than 25% of familial cases of breast cancer. Recently, specific epigenetic modifications at BRCA1 have been shown to promote hereditary breast cancer, but the broader potential for epigenetic contribution to hereditary breast cancer is not yet well understood.

Experimental Design:
We examined DNA methylation through deep bisulfite sequencing of CpG islands and known promoter or regulatory regions in peripheral blood DNA from 99 patients with familial or early-onset breast or ovarian cancer, 6 unaffected BRCA mutation carriers, and 49 unaffected controls.

Results:
In 9% of patients, we observed altered methylation in the promoter regions of genes known to be involved in cancer, including hypermethylation at the tumor suppressor PTEN and hypomethylation at the proto-oncogene TEX14. These alterations occur in the form of allelic methylation that span up to hundreds of base pairs in length.

Conclusions:
Our observations suggest a broader role for DNA methylation in early-onset, familial risk breast cancer. Further studies are warranted to clarify these mechanisms and the benefits of DNA methylation screening for early risk prediction of familial cancers.