bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attention Health Care Leaders: Literature Review Deems Baccalaureate Nurses Improve Patient Outcomes
Authors: O’Brien Deborah , Knowlton Mary , Whichello Ramona 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

AIM
This review of studies conducted since the 2011 publication of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) report “The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health” evaluates the current state of evidence showing an association between an increased ratio of BSN-prepared nursing staff and improved patient outcomes.

BACKGROUND
The IOM established a nationwide goal to increase the number of BSN nurses to 80 percent by 2020 to meet the challenges seen in today’s health care environment.

METHOD
The literature search included a five-year (2011-2016) span following the initial release of the IOM report.

RESULTS
Mortality, failure to rescue, and readmission rates all decrease as the proportion of BSN nurses is increased in a nursing staffing ratio.

CONCLUSION
It is the recommendation of this project that nurse leaders and organizations support the findings of this literature review and the IOM BSN recommendation.
Simulation to Prepare Graduate Nursing Students for Clinical Faculty Role
Authors: Forcina Hill Jill M. , Woodley Lisa , Goodwin Megan 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Limited clinical sites and faculty to teach graduate students to be undergraduate clinical faculty have led to the exploration of innovative teaching strategies. This article describes and evaluates a simulation experience to supplement didactic learning about best clinical teaching practices within a graduate nursing course. Scenarios were created to simulate complex teaching situations with a patient, an undergraduate nursing student, and a clinical faculty member. Evaluations were positive regarding knowledge, performance, self-confidence, critical thinking, and satisfaction. Results of this project support the use of simulation in the preparation of graduate nursing students to become clinical faculty.
SPIRONOLACTONE AS A THERAPEUTIC ALTERNATIVE FOR THE BULLOUS VARIANT OF CENTRAL SEROUS CHORIORETINOPATHY
Authors: Ramos-Yau Eva C. , Muñoz-Domínguez Ediberto , Contreras-Mérida Silvia P. , Valencia-Londoño Luis M. 
Published: March 2018

Purpose:
To report a case of the bullous variant of central serous chorioretinopathy successfully treated with spironolactone, a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist.

Methods:
Case report of a patient including fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography, and color fundus photography.

Results:
Initially managed as a multifocal choroiditis, the use of oral and peribulbar corticoids worsened the serous retinal detachment. Taking in consideration this response, she was then diagnosed with a bullous variant of central serous chorioretinopathy and treated with 50 mg of spironolactone per day. Resolution of the serous retinal detachment, decrease in choroidal thickness on optical coherence tomography, and absence of leaks in fluorescein angiography was achieved 2 months posterior to the first dose of oral spironolactone.

Conclusion:
We suggest the use of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, such as spironolactone, as a therapeutic alternative to more aggressive available treatments for the bullous variant of central serous chorioretinopathy.
Discharge Patterns for Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke Patients Going From Acute Care Hospitals to Inpatient and Skilled Nursing Rehabilitation
Authors: Hong Ickpyo , Karmarkar Amol , Chan Winston , Kuo Yong-Fang , Mallinson Trudy , Ottenbacher Kenneth J. , Goodwin James S. , Andersen Clark R. , Reistetter Timothy A. 
Published: March 2018

Objective
The aim of the study was to explore variation in acute care use of inpatient rehabilitation facilities and skilled nursing facilities rehabilitation after ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.

Design
A secondary analysis of Medicare claims data linked to inpatient rehabilitation facilities and skilled nursing facilities assessment files (2013–2014) was performed.

Results
The sample included 122,084 stroke patients discharged to inpatient or skilled nursing facilities from 3677 acute hospitals. Of the acute hospitals, 3649 discharged patients with an ischemic stroke (range = 1–402 patients/hospital, median = 15) compared with 1832 acute hospitals that discharged patients with hemorrhagic events (range = 1–73 patients/hospital, median = 4). The intraclass correlation coefficient examined variation in discharge settings attributed to acute hospitals (ischemic intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.318, hemorrhagic intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.176). Patients older than 85 yrs and those with greater numbers of co-morbid conditions were more likely to discharge to skilled nursing facilities. Comparison of self-care and mobility across stroke type suggests that patients with ischemic stroke have higher functional abilities at admission.

Conclusions
This study suggests demographic and clinical differences among stroke patients admitted for postacute rehabilitation at inpatient rehabilitation facilities and skilled nursing facilities settings. Furthermore, examination of variation in ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke discharges suggests acute facility-level differences and indicates a need for careful consideration of patient and facility factors when comparing the effectiveness of inpatient rehabilitation facilities and skilled nursing facilities rehabilitation.
Enhancement of Meditation Analgesia by Opioid Antagonist in Experienced Meditators
Authors: May Lisa M. , Kosek Peter , Zeidan Fadel , Berkman Elliot T. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

Objective
Studies have consistently shown that long-term meditation practice is associated with reduced pain, but the neural mechanisms by which long-term meditation practice reduces pain remain unclear. This study tested endogenous opioid involvement in meditation analgesia associated with long-term meditation practice.

Methods
Electrical pain was induced with randomized, double-blind, cross-over administration of the opioid antagonist naloxone (0.15-mg/kg bolus dose, then 0.2-mg/kg per hour infusion dose) with 32 healthy, experienced meditation practitioners and a standardized open monitoring meditation.

Results
Under saline, pain ratings were significantly lower during meditation (pain intensity: 6.41 ± 1.32; pain unpleasantness: 3.98 ± 2.17) than at baseline (pain intensity: 6.86 ±1.04, t(31) = 2.476, p = .019, Cohen's d = 0.46; pain unpleasantness: 4.96 ±1.75, t(31) = 3.746, p = .001, Cohen's d = 0.68), confirming the presence of meditation analgesia. Comparing saline and naloxone revealed significantly lower pain intensity (t(31) = 3.12, p = .004, d = 0.56), and pain unpleasantness (t(31) = 3.47, p = .002, d = 0.62), during meditation under naloxone (pain intensity: 5.53 ± 1.54; pain unpleasantness: 2.95 ± 1.88) than under saline (pain intensity: 6.41 ± 1.32; pain unpleasantness: 3.98 ± 2.17). Naloxone not only failed to eliminate meditation analgesia but also made meditation analgesia stronger.

Conclusions
Long-term meditation practice does not rely on endogenous opioids to reduce pain. Naloxone's blockade of opioid receptors enhanced meditation analgesia; pain ratings during meditation were significantly lower under naloxone than under saline. Possible biological mechanisms by which naloxone-induced opioid receptor blockade enhances meditation analgesia are discussed.
Benefits And Limitations Of Three-Dimensional Printing Technology For Ecological Research
Authors: Behm Jocelyn E. , Waite Brenna R. , Tonia Hsieh S. , Helmus Matthew R. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundEcological research often involves sampling and manipulating non-model organisms that reside in heterogeneous environments. As such, ecologists often adapt techniques and ideas from industry and other scientific fields to design and build equipment, tools, and experimental contraptions custom-made for the ecological systems under study. Three-dimensional (3D) printing provides a way to rapidly produce identical and novel objects that could be used in ecological studies, yet ecologists have been slow to adopt this new technology. Here, we provide ecologists with an introduction to 3D printing.ResultsFirst, we give an overview of the ecological research areas in which 3D printing is predicted to be the most impactful and review current studies that have already used 3D printed objects. We then outline a methodological workflow for integrating 3D printing into an ecological research program and give a detailed example of a successful implementation of our 3D printing workflow for 3D printed models of the brown anole,Anolis sagrei,for a field predation study. After testing two print media in the field, we show that the models printed from the less expensive and more sustainable material (blend of 70% plastic and 30% recycled wood fiber) were just as durable and had equal predator attack rates as the more expensive material (100% virgin plastic).ConclusionsOverall, 3D printing can provide time and cost savings to ecologists, and with recent advances in less toxic, biodegradable, and recyclable print materials, ecologists can choose to minimize social and environmental impacts associated with 3D printing. The main hurdles for implementing 3D printing – availability of resources like printers, scanners, and software, as well as reaching proficiency in using 3D image software – may be easier to overcome at institutions with digital imaging centers run by knowledgeable staff. As with any new technology, the benefits of 3D printing are specific to a particular project, and ecologists must consider the investments of developing usable 3D materials for research versus other methods of generating those materials.
Comparable affinity of RabGDIα for GTP- and GDP-bound forms of Rab7 supports a four-state transition model for Rab7 subcellular localization
Authors: Kanemitsu-Fujita Akane , Morishita So , Kjaer Svend , Fukuda Mitsunori , Schiavo Giampietro , Nakamura Takeshi 
Published: March 2018

AbstractEndolysosomal system is linked to almost all aspects of cell life and diseases, and Rab7 occupies a critical node in this crucial pathway. However, there have been conflicting views about the exact role of Rab7 in membrane trafficking, since some studies have reported that Rab7 regulates the trafficking from early to late endosomes, while others highlighted its role in late endosomes to lysosomes progression. In the present study, we have revisited this issue from a new viewpoint. In COS-7 cells, a GDP-bound Rab7 mutant, T22N, was located to vesicular membranes as well as in cytoplasm. Similarly, the GTPase-deficient Q67L mutant of Rab7 resided in cytoplasm as well as on membranes. Additionally, we found that RabGDI interacted with both GTP- and GDP-bound forms of Rab7 in vitro. These results have prompted us to propose a four-state transition model for Rab7. This four-state model matches with our recent findings that Rab7 was initially recruited to macropinosomes in a GDP-bound inactive form and subsequently became activated during endocytic maturation in EGF-stimulated COS-7 cells.
Parasitism effects on coexistence and stability within simple trophic modules
Authors: Prosnier Loïc , Médoc Vincent , Loeuille Nicolas 
Published: March 2018

AbstractParasites are important components of food webs. Although their direct effects on hosts are well-studied, indirect impacts on trophic networks, thus on non-host species, remain unclear.In this study, we investigate the consequences of parasitism on coexistence and stability within a simple trophic module: one predator consuming two prey species in competition. We test how such effects depend on the infected species (prey or predator). We account for two effects of parasitism: the virulence effect (parasites affect the infected species intrinsic growth rate through direct effects on fecundity or mortality) and the interaction effect (increased vulnerability of infected prey or increased food intake of infected predators).Results show that coexistence is favored when effects have intermediate intensity. We link this result to modifications of direct and apparent competitions among prey species. Given a prey infection, accounting for susceptible-infected population structure highlights that coexistence may also be reduced due to predator-parasite competition.Parasites affect stability by modulating energy transfer from prey to predator. Predator infection therefore has a stabilizing effect due to increased energy fluxes and/or predator mortality.Our results suggest that parasites potentially increase species coexistence. Precise predictions however require an assessment of various parasite effects. We discuss the implications of our results for the functioning of trophic networks and the evolution of foraging strategies within food webs.
Climate change and the potential distribution ofXylella fastidiosain Europe
Authors: Godefroid Martin , Cruaud Astrid , Streito Jean-Claude , Rasplus Jean-Yves , Rossi Jean-Pierre 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe bacteriumXylella fastidiosa (Xf)is a plant endophyte native to the Americas that causes worldwide concern.Xfhas been recently detected in several regions outside its natural range including Europe. In that context, accurate estimates of its response to climate change are required to design cost-efficient and environment-friendly control strategies. In the present study, we collected data documenting the native and invaded ranges of the three main subspecies ofXf: fastidiosa, paucaandmultiplex, as well as two strains ofXfsubsp.multiplexrecently detected in southern France (ST6 and ST7). We fitted bioclimatic species distribution models (SDMs) to forecast their potential geographic range and impact in Europe under current and future climate conditions. According to model predictions, the geographical range ofXfas presently reported in Europe is small compared to the large extent of suitable areas. The European regions most threatened byXfencompass the Mediterranean coastal areas of Spain, Greece, Italy and France, the Atlantic coastal areas of France, Portugal and Spain as well as the south-western regions of Spain and lowlands in southern Italy. Potential distribution of the different subspecies / strains are contrasted but all are predicted to increase by 2050, which could threaten several of the most economically important wine-, olive- and fruit-producing regions of Europe, warranting the design of control strategies. Bioclimatic models also predict that the subspeciesmultiplexmight represent a threat to most of Europe under current and future climate conditions. These results may serve as a basis for future design of a spatially informed European-scale integrated management strategy, including early detection surveys in plants and insect vectors, quarantine measures as well as agricultural practices.
In vivo characterization and quantification of neurofibrillary tau PET radioligand [18F]MK-6240 in humans from Alzheimer’s disease dementia to young controls
Authors: Betthauser Tobey J , Cody Karly A , Zammit Matthew D , Murali Dhanabalan , Converse Alexander K , Barnhart Todd E , Stone Charles K , Rowley Howard A , Johnson Sterling C , Christian Bradley T 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTTau positron emission tomography (PET) imaging has potential for elucidating changes in the deposition of neuropathological tau aggregates that are occurring during the progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This work investigatesin vivokinetics, quantification strategies and imaging characteristics of a novel tau PET radioligand [18F]MK-6240 in humans.MethodsFifty-one individuals ranging from cognitively normal young controls to persons with dementia underwent T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and [11C]PiB and [18F]MK-6240 PET imaging. PET data were coregistered to the MRI and time-activity curves were extracted from regions of interest to assess [18F]MK-6240 kinetics. The pons and inferior cerebellum were investigated as potential reference regions. Reference tissue methods (Logan graphical analysis (LGA) and multilinear reference tissue method (MRTM2)) were investigated for quantification of [18F]MK-6240 distribution volume ratios (DVRs) in a subset of nineteen participants. Stability of DVR methods was evaluated using truncated scan durations. Standard uptake value ratio (SUVR) estimates were compared to DVR estimates to determine the optimal timing window for SUVR analysis. Parametric SUVR images were used to identify regions of potential off-target binding and to compare binding patterns with neurofibrillary tau staging established in neuropathology literature.ResultsStandard uptake values in the pons and the inferior cerebellum indicated consistent clearance across all 51 subjects. LGA and MRTM2 DVR estimates were similar, with LGA slightly underestimating DVR compared to MRTM2. DVR estimates remained stable when truncating the scan duration to 60 minutes. SUVR determined 70-90 minutes post-injection of [18F]MK-6240 indicated linearity near unity when compared to DVR estimates and minimized potential spill-in from uptake outside of the brain. [18F]MK-6240 binding patterns in target regions were consistent with neuropathological neurofibrillary tau staging. Off-target binding regions included the ethmoid sinus, clivus, meninges, substantia nigra, but not the basal ganglia or choroid plexus.Conclusions[18F]MK-6240 is a promising PET radioligand forin vivoimaging of neurofibrillary tau aggregates in AD with minimal off-target binding in the human brain.
Climate-fire-vegetation interactions and the rise of novel landscape patterns in subalpine ecosystems, Colorado
Authors: Calder W. John , Stefanova Ivanka , Shuman Bryan 
Published: March 2018

SummaryWildfire, when coupled with climate change, may catalyze abrupt shifts in forest vegetation patterns and composition. Such vegetation changes may also feedback to further alter the extent and frequency of fires through changes in forest fuels and their continuity.To test these expectations, we obtained six fossil pollen records from lakes across a subalpine landscape in Colorado. Forests there may have responded to climate change and widespread wildfires ca. 1000 years ago when a previous study indicates >80% of sites on the landscape burned within a century. The fires coincided with regional warming, but the extent of burning declined before the climate cooled again. Potentially, post-fire changes in fuel structure and composition contributed to a decline in burning while the warmth persisted.Results of cluster analyses of the pollen percentages indicate that large changes between successive sets of samples coincided with the widespread wildfires at five of the six sites. After the wildfires, sagebrush (Artemisia) and other meadow taxa increased as conifers, especially spruce (Picea), declined across the landscape, indicating that the forests opened.The opening of the forests may have created fuel breaks across the mountain range that limited wildfire after temperatures rose ∼0.5 °C, and the opening became larger as forests opened further during the Little Ice Age (LIA). Pollen assemblages, like those associated with modern bands of meadow and forest at high elevations, known as ribbon forests, only became common across our study sites during the LIA when the effects of the large fires and subsequent cooling interacted.Synthesis. The transition to open landscapes after widespread wildfire is consistent with the hypothesized vegetation-fire-climate feedbacks and illustrates how climate and fire can interact to rapidly transform landscapes, produce novel vegetation patterns, and further interact with subsequent disturbance regimes.
Mass Amphibian Mortality during Overwintering Related To Fungal Pathogen But Not Larval Environment: An Explanation for Declines?
Authors: Rumschlag Samantha L. , Boone Michelle D. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDevelopment of infectious diseases within hosts may be shaped by environmental conditions that cause tradeoffs in energetic demands for immune responses against demands for host growth and survival. Environmental conditions may influence these tradeoffs by affecting size of hosts, or tradeoffs may change across seasons, thereby altering the impacts of diseases on hosts. In the present study, we exposed northern leopard frog (Lithobates pipiens) tadpoles to varying larval environments (low leaf litter, high density of conspecifics, 40 µg/L atrazine, caged fish, or control) that influenced size at metamorphosis, a measure of host quality. Subsequently, we exposed these metamorphs of to Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), a fungal pathogen linked to worldwide host population declines, at metamorphosis and/or 12 weeks later, prior to overwintering. Bd exposure dramatically reduced survival during overwintering and the effect was strongest when frogs were exposed both at metamorphosis and before overwintering. Larval environments, which determined host size, did not influence effects of Bd. Stage-structured models built to assess the impacts of Bd exposure on host populations suggest that Bd exposure at metamorphosis or before overwintering would reduce annual population growth rates by an average of 19% and 41%, respectively. Our study indicates that northern leopard frog hosts suffered little effects of Bd exposures following metamorphosis and that lower host quality did not hamper a frog’s ability to respond to Bd. Instead, we provide evidence that Bd exposure can reduce survival and result in population size reductions via reduced recruitment from overwintering mortality, providing a plausible mechanism for enigmatic declines of amphibians in temperate regions.
The cellular NMD pathway restricts Zika virus infection and is targeted by the viral capsid protein
Authors: Fontaine KA , Leon KE , Khalid MM , Jimenez-Morales D , Kaye J , Shah P , Finkbeiner S , Krogan N , Ott M 
Published: March 2018

AbstractZika virus (ZIKV) infection of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) in utero is associated with neurological disorders, such as microcephaly1, but a detailed molecular understanding of ZIKV-induced pathogenesis is lacking. Here we show that in vitro ZIKV infection of human cells, including NPCs, causes disruption of the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) pathway. NMD is a cellular mRNA surveillance mechanism that is required for normal brain size in mice2–4. Using affinity purification-mass spectrometry, we identified multiple cellular NMD factors that bind to the viral capsid protein, including the central NMD regulator up-frameshift protein 1 (UPF1)5. Endogenous UPF1 interacted with the viral capsid protein in co-immunoprecipitation experiments and capsid expression post-transcriptionally downregulated UPF1, a process that we confirmed occurs during de novo ZIKV infection. A further decrease in UPF1 levels by RNAi significantly enhanced ZIKV infection in NPC cultures. We therefore propose that ZIKV, via the capsid protein, has evolved a strategy to dampen antiviral activities of NMD6,7, which subsequently contributes to neuropathology in vivo.