bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elizabeth the Rhetorician. An Analysis of the Greatest Speeches by the Virgin Queen
Authors: Di Maio Myriam 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In the recent past Elizabeth Tudor’s rhetorical charisma has raised an ever-increasing interest within the academic domain. The scope of this paper is to examine the queen’s abilities to persuade and captivate her subjects, as well as her diplomatic attitudes and magniloquence; in pursuing this aim, great attention will be given to the most remarkable speeches she gave before the dignitaries of the royal crown and the English militancy, with particular regard to those rhetorical skills she learnt to master and sharpen over the years. Since the political matter was, to her, an expression of ‘inwardness,’ Elizabeth’s way of ruling has always reflected her personal vicissitudes. Looking at her public speeches with a discerning eye means probing her mind quite consciously and attempting to identify with one of the greatest sovereigns whose mark on the sixteenth century European scene remains indelible.
Uranium biosorption by immobilized active yeast cells entrapped in calcium-alginate-PVA- GO-crosslinked gel beads
Authors: Chen Can , Hu Jun , Wang Jianlong 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
A novel biosorbent, i. e. Saccharomyces cerevisiae entrapped in graphene oxide (GO), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and alginate and cross-linked in CaCl2- boric acid solution, was prepared, characterized and applied for U (VI) biosorption. The performance of U sorption and cations release (Na, K, Ca and Mg ions) was investigated under different contact time, initial uranium concentration and initial pH. Uranium sorption equilibrium basically achieved after 360 min. The kinetic data of U biosorption and Ca release were best described by the pseudo first-order equation. Both Langmuir and Freundlich models could fit the U sorption isotherm data. With increase of initial uranium (3.7 ~ 472.2 μmol/L) and sodium concentration (78.8 ~ 3911.7 μmol/L), the cations release ((Na + K)/2 + (Ca + Mg)) decreased from 116.9 to 30.1 μmol/g when the corresponding U sorption increased from 0.6 to 77.3 μmol/g. Initial solution pH at 3 was favorable for U sorption when pH ranged from 3 to 7. With increase of uranium concentration, ion exchange played a less role in U removal. The maximum U sorption capacity reached 142.1 μmol/g, calculated from the Langmuir model at initial pH 5. The O-containing functional group, such as carboxyl on the gel bead played an important role in U adsorption according to FTIR and XPS analysis. XPS analysis showed the existence of U (VI) and U (IV) on the surface of gel bead. Ion exchange, complexation and uranium reduction involved in uranium adsorption by the immobilized active dry yeast gel beads.
A stochastic dynamic mass spectrometric diffusion method and its application to 3D structural analysis of the analytes
Authors: Ivanova Bojidarka , Spiteller Michael 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
There is a straightforward line in the recent development of the functional model connecting the experimental mass spectrometric variable intensity of a peak of an analyte ion with its thermodynamic, kinetic and diffusion parameters. It has been shown that the temporal behavior of the outcome intensity obeys a certain law:

${{\text{D}}_{{\text{SD}}}}{\text{ }} = {\text{ }}1.3193{\text{ }} \times {\text{ }}{10^{ - 14}}{\text{ }} \times {\text{ }}A{\text{ }} \times {\text{ }}{{(\overline {{I^2}} - {{(\bar I)}^2})} \over {{{(I - \bar I)}^2}}}.$

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This formula is universally applicable and empirically testable and verifiable. It connects the intensity with the so-called stochastic dynamic diffusion “DSD” parameter. Its application to small-scale research, so far, using soft-ionization electrospray, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization or collision-induced dissociation methods has shown that the DSD parameter is linearly connected with the so-called quantum chemical diffusion parameter “DQC,” obtained within Arrhenius’s theory. Therefore, the DSD parameter connects experimental measurable parameters of ions with their three-dimensional (3D) molecular and electronic structures. The corroborated empirical proof, so far, has convincingly argued that the mass spectrometry appears to be not only a robust instrumentation for highly accurate, precise and selective quantification but also is capable of providing the exact 3D molecular structure of the analytes, when it is used complementary to high accuracy methods of the computational quantum chemistry.
Dynamischer Gebrauch von Paronymen in allgemein-, fach-, wissenschafts- und bildungssprachlicher Kommunikation
Authors: Storjohann Petra 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis paper focuses on easily confused items (so-called paronyms) in German in terms of their general, technical or academic contextual uses. It outlines the semantic discrepancies between contextual usages of pairs such asMethode/Methodologie/Methodikandunehelich/nichtehelich/außerehelichdepending on their linguistic registers and varieties. While previous studies lack empirical evidence and primarily operate with morphological criteria (cf. Lăzărescu 1999) the descriptions here derive from corpus-based examinations of general written and of technical discourse. It is shown that causes of lexical confusion arise from formal, phonetic resemblances or semantic similarities, regular co-occurrence, incorrect morphological analogies and political governance of language. Context, knowledge, associations and experience determine the choice of lexical terms. Speakers need to apply linguistic and extra-linguistic principles in order to create adequate contexts. With the help of paronym examples and corpus data, these will be elucidated in more detail.
Botar fé no axé: Überlegungen zur Bestimmung eines spirituellen Kapitals
Authors: Leuschner Hannes 
Published: September 2019

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Beitrag geht es vor dem Hintergrund verschiedener Neokapitaltheorien um Bestimmungsmöglichkeiten eines spirituellen bzw. religiösen Kapitals und die solchen Kapitalformen zugrunde liegenden Begriffe von Religion und Spiritualität. Ein eigener Ansatz wird in die Diskussion gebracht, der eine Ausdifferenzierung in spiritualisierendes und spirituelles, exoterisches religiöses und esoterisches religiöses Kapital vorschlägt. Die vorgeschlagenen Begriffe werden anhand aktueller Entwicklungen in der afrobrasilianischen Candomblé-Religion erörtert.
Greetings and farewells in contemporary Romanian: a sociolinguistic approach
Authors: Mocanu Mihaela , Bibiri Anca-Diana 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The Romanian language is characterized by an extremely prolific paradigm of greeting and farewell formulae, used in various communicational contexts and able to fulfil complex communicative functions. Starting from the assumption that the selection of greeting and farewell formulae performed by the speakers is determined by extralinguistic factors such as their educational background, professional status, social relationships and the like, this study attempts a description of the variation registered by the use of greetings and farewells in contemporary Romanian, in formal and informal communication contexts, in relation to three sociolinguistic variables: age, gender and level of education. The resulting analysis indicates that the subjects’ age and level of education generate the highest variation at a formal level, whereas their gender is, on the other hand, responsible for differences at a functional level, as the respective greeting and farewell formulae display different degrees of affective load.
Venez. seda ardass / seda ardasina
Authors: Schweickard Wolfgang 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The terms seda ardass and seda ardasina ‘variety of silk’ frequently appear in the letters of the Venetian merchant Andrea Berengo written in 1555/1556. The etymon is not Persian ārdan ‘raw silk’, but the name of the city of Ağdaş / Aġdaš (with the nisba adjective aġdašī) in central Azerbaijan which was located on the Silk Road and is still known in modern times for its silk production.
Sprachliche Unsicherheit bei unregelmäßigen Superlativbildungen im Spanischen
Authors: Goldschmitt Stefanie , Hesselbach Robert 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This paper deals with the interrelation between the concept of linguistic insecurity described by Labov (1966) and the irregular formation of Spanish superlatives based on Latin roots such as paupérrimo, celebérrimo etc. instead of the analogue formation pobrísimo or celebrísimo. After a brief overview on the frequency of these forms and their alleged regular equivalents in Spanish corpora, a closer look is taken on the speakers’ internal and external aspects of linguistic (in)security. Finally, it is shown by an acceptability test that there are forms on -érrim*, which are not exclusively restricted to the norma culta in Spanish.
Discordance of serological and sonographic markers for Hashimoto’s thyroiditis with gold standard histopathology
Authors: Guan Haixia , de Morais Nathalie Silva , Stuart Jessica , Ahmadi Sara , Marqusee Ellen , Kim Mathew I , Alexander Erik K. 
Published: September 2019

Objective
To investigate the concordance of serologic and sonographic evidence of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis with its gold standard histopathologic identification.

Design
We performed a retrospective analysis on a cohort of 825 consecutive patients in whom TPOAb and thyroid ultrasound were performed, and in whom thyroid nodule evaluation led to surgical and histopathologic analysis. The presence or absence of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis on histopathology was correlated with serologic and sonographic markers. We further assessed the impact of low versus high titers of TPOAb upon this concordance.

Results
Of 825 patients, 277 (33.5%) had histologic confirmation of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, 235 patients (28.4%) had elevated serum levels of TPOAb, and 197 (23.8%) had sonographic evidence of diffuse heterogeneity. Of those with histopathologic evidence, only 64% had elevated TPOAb (sensitivity: 63.9%; specificity: 89.4%), while only 49% were sonographically diffusely heterogeneous (sensitivity: 49.1%; specificity: 88.9%). A subset of only 102 of 277 (37%) with histologically proven Hashimoto’s thyroiditis was positive for both TPOAb and diffusely heterogeneous. Concordance analysis demonstrated that TPOAb and histopathology had higher agreement (κ = 0.55) than did ultrasound and histopathology (κ = 0.40) for the diagnosis of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Higher titers of TPOAb correlated with a higher likelihood of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, with a best cutoff of 2.11-fold the upper normal level of TPOAb.

Conclusion
Only moderate concordance exists between serological evidence of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and histopathologic findings, though it increases with higher TPOAb concentration. Diffuse heterogeneity on ultrasound is a less-sensitive diagnostic tool than elevated TPOAb.
Gåtfullhet i sagalitteraturen
Authors: Sävborg Daniel 
Published: September 2019

The article discusses several aspects of the well-known enigmatic character of the Icelandic family sagas. Four cases are examined in detail: the cause of Unnr’s sorrow in the beginning of Njáls saga, the talk between Stýrr and Snorri in the berserks’ episode in Eyrbyggja saga, the identity of Vésteinn’s murderer in Gísla saga, and Guðrún’s enigmatic last words about her love in Laxdoela saga. The use of the enigmatic narrative form in all these cases is discussed. The article argues that this kind of enigmatic episodes in the saga literature should not be interpreted in the same way as enigmatic episodes in modern literary works, where the solution of the mystery is left open. In the sagas, the mystery has a solution, and there is a correct answer. In contrast to modern literature, the mystery in the sagas can always be solved, and the use of enigmas and mysteries is rooted in the literary technique of the sagas. The article analyses and proposes several reasons for the enigmatic narrative style used by the saga authors.
Samer som övernaturliga väsen i fornnordisk litteratur
Authors: Kusmenko Jurij 
Published: September 2019

The stereotypical features of the Sámi in Old Scandinavian literature have resulted from the interaction between the real features of the Sámi, features and motifs from Sámi folklore, and the stereotypical characteristics of Scandinavian supernatural beings expressing the idea of “otherness” (referring to giants and dwarves), the prevailing features of the giants being negative (the “hostile others”), the prevailing features of the dwarves being positive (the “friendly others”). However, the borrowing of features is not unidirectional: although the representation of the Sámi in the Scandinavian literature has been influenced by the representation of the giants and dwarves, also the Scandinavian giants and dwarves acquire certain features, originally characteristic of the Sámi.
ZAKAH EMPOWERMENT OPTIMIZATION THROUGH BAITUL IKHTIAR COOPERATION AS AN EFFORT IN POVERTY ALLEVIATION IN BOGOR REGENCY
Authors: Hamzah Hamzah 
Published: September 2019

The Indonesian government and other concerned parties have conducted various programs looking for strategies for poverty alleviation, however, the poverty rate has not decreased significantly. One of zakah based empowerment paradigm is transformation paradigm that is a process in motivating the society with new values which can enlighten the soul, spirit and the common sense, so that they can rediscover their way of life from being a mustahiq (a person who receives zakah) to muzakki (person who gives zakah). This empowerment was an important development pillar in stimulating development growth and equality, providing the societies’ welfare, creating jobs opportunity and alleviating poverty. The research is conducted by surveying the respondents in three sub districts in Bogor Region. The respondents are 254 mustahik that consists of 66 mustahik vegetables producers in Cibungbulang sub district, 85 mustahik as sate skewers producers in Tenjolaya sub district and 103 mustahik as shoes-sandals producers in Taman Sari sub district. The field research was conducted in 2013. The research instrument/questionnaire was based on the concept of empowerment and independence. The method used in the research was descriptive statistic and T-test.
Outgroup Contact in the Process of Leaving Terrorism Qualitative Study of Deradicalization and Disengagement Among Former Jamaah Islamiyah Members in Indonesia
Authors: Saloom Gazi 
Published: September 2019

Leaving terrorism is a real thing that happened among Indonesian terrorists. Nevertheless, some experts and laypersons often do not believe that terrorists will leave their groups and their ideology. This study scrutinized leaving terrorism among Indonesia terrorists and push factors that lead to their transformation to be moderate and refuse violence in the pursuit of their goals. This study is based on interviews with five members Jamaah Islamiyah and twenty-five people that are related to them from friends and families. This study confirms that out-groups contact, including the targeted out-groups contact, becomes an important push factor for the subject to leave terrorism. Banyak ahli dan masyarakat umumnya tidak percaya bahwa teroris dapat meninggalkan ideologi dan kelompoknya. Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang beberapa mantan teroris Jamaah Islamiah yang meningalkan kegiatan teror serta kelompoknya. Selain itu, penelitian ini menjelaskan faktor yang mendorong perubahan mereka menjadi kaum moderat dan bahkan menolak kekerasan sebagai cara meraih tujuan politik dan keagamaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan wawancara mendalam dan telaah literatur sebagai instrumen utama pengumpul data dan informasi. Narasumber penelitian ini adalah lima mantan anggota Jamaah Islamiyah dan dua puluh lima orang yang dianggap memiliki kaitan yang relevan dengan kelima orang tersebut. Temuan penelitian menjelaskan bahwa kontak dengan individu di luar jaringan merupakan faktor pendorong krusial yang mendorong individu keluar dari jaringan dan ideologi teror
Newborn Screening for Sickle Cell Disease Using Point-of-Care Testing in Low-Income Setting
Authors: Alvarez Ofelia A. , Hustace Tally , Voltaire Mimose , Mantero Alejandro , Liberus Ulrick , Saint Fleur Rony 
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND:
Newborn screening provides early diagnosis for children with sickle cell disease (SCD), reducing disease-related mortality. We hypothesized that rapid point-of-care (POC) Sickle SCAN would be reliable in Haiti and would assist newborn screening.

METHODS:
Dried blood specimens were obtained from infant heel sticks and analyzed by isoelectric focusing (IEF) at a public hospital in Cap-Haïtien during a 1-year period. A total of 360 Guthrie cards were also analyzed for quality assurance by high-performance liquid chromatography at the Florida Newborn Screening Laboratory. In addition, two-thirds of the infants were also screened by the POC to assess differences with the IEF. The hemoglobinopathy incidence and the specificity and sensitivity of the POC scan were assessed.

RESULTS:
Overall, 1.48% of the children screened positive for SCD. The specificity and the sensitivity of POC Sickle SCAN were 0.97 (confidence interval 0.95–0.99) and 0.90 (confidence interval 0.55–1.00), respectively, relative to high-performance liquid chromatography gold standard. The confirmatory testing rate was 75% before POC and improved to 87% after POC was added for dual screening. Confirmatory testing revealed that 0.83% of children screened had SCD. Children who screened positive for SCD by POC started penicillin earlier, had their first pediatric follow-up a median of 38 days earlier, and received antipneumococcal vaccination on time when compared with those who screened positive for SCD by IEF alone.

CONCLUSIONS:
The observational study revealed a high incidence of SCD among Haitian newborns. Sickle SCAN had excellent specificity and sensitivity to detect SCD during newborn screening and shortened health care access for children positive for SCD.
Rotavirus Epidemiology and Monovalent Rotavirus Vaccine Effectiveness in Australia: 2010–2017
Authors: Maguire Julia E. , Glasgow Keira , Glass Kathryn , Roczo-Farkas Susie , Bines Julie E. , Sheppeard Vicky , Macartney Kristine , Quinn Helen E. 
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND:
Rotavirus vaccine has been funded for infants under the Australian National Immunisation Program since 2007, with Rotarix vaccine used in New South Wales, Australia, from that time. In 2017, New South Wales experienced a large outbreak of rotavirus gastroenteritis. We examined epidemiology, genotypic profiles, and vaccine effectiveness (VE) among cases.

METHODS:
Laboratory-confirmed cases of rotavirus notified in New South Wales between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2017 were analyzed. VE was estimated in children via a case-control analysis. Specimens from a sample of hospitalized case patients were genotyped and analyzed.

RESULTS:
In 2017, 2319 rotavirus cases were reported, representing a 3.1-fold increase on the 2016 notification rate. The highest rate was among children aged &lt;2 years. For notified cases in 2017, 2-dose VE estimates were 88.4%, 83.7%, and 78.7% in those aged 6 to 11 months, 1 to 3 years, and 4 to 9 years, respectively. VE was significantly reduced from 89.5% within 1 year of vaccination to 77.0% at 5 to 10 years postvaccination. Equinelike G3P[8] (48%) and G8P[8] (23%) were identified as the most common genotypes in case patients aged ≥6 months.

CONCLUSIONS:
Rotarix is highly effective at preventing laboratory-confirmed rotavirus in Australia, especially in infants aged 6 to 11 months. Reduced VE in older age groups and over time suggests waning protection, possibly related to the absence of subclinical immune boosting from continuously circulating virus. G8 genotypes have not been common in Australia, and their emergence, along with equinelike G3P[8], may be related to vaccine-induced selective pressure; however, further strain-specific VE studies are needed.
Mining Non-Zero-Rare Sequential Patterns On Activity Recognition
Authors: Iqbal Mohammad , Wulandari Chandrawati Putri , Yunanto Wawan , Sari Ghaluh Indah Permata 
Published: September 2019

Discovering rare human activity patterns—from triggered motion sensors deliver peculiar information to notify people about hazard situations. This study aims to recognize rare human activities using mining non-zero-rare sequential patterns technique. In particular, this study mines the triggered motion sensor sequences to obtain non-zero-rare human activity patterns—the patterns which most occur in the motion sensor sequences and the occurrence numbers are less than the pre-defined occurrence threshold. This study proposes an algorithm to mine non-zero-rare pattern on human activity recognition called Mining Multi-class Non-Zero-Rare Sequential Patterns (MMRSP). The experimental result showed that non-zero-rare human activity patterns succeed to capture the unusual activity. Furthermore, the MMRSP performed well according to the precision value of rare activities.
Study of histomorphological spectrum of ovarian neoplasms: an institutional perspective
Authors: P. Swarnalatha , S. Rajasekhar Reddy , B. Chaitanya 
Published: September 2019

Background: Ovarian tumours account for one of the top five gynaecological malignancies in Indian women. The prime objective of the current study is to document the frequency, age distribution and diverse histomorphological spectrum of ovarian tumours in a peripheral institute in South India catering rural population.Methods: The study comprises of retrospective clinico pathological evaluation of 77 cases of ovarian neoplasms in Indian Red Cross Cancer Hospital, Nellore, India during a 4 year period ( January 2015 to December 2018 ). Non neoplastic ovarian lesions were excluded. Gross and microscopic histopathological examination was done for ovarian neoplasms. These were classified according to the WHO classification of ovarian tumours (2003).Results: Out of 77 cases studied, majority were malignant tumours (72.72%), followed by benign (23.38%) and borderline tumours (3.9%). Age ranged from 11-80 years. Epithelial tumours were the most common (75.32%), followed by sex cord stromal tumours (12.98%), germ cell tumours (9.09%) and metastatic ovarian tumours (1.3%). Serous cystadenoma was the commonest benign tumour and serous papillary carcinoma was the commonest malignant ovarian tumour.Conclusions: It is concluded from this study that on morphological grounds, tumours originating from surface epithelium are the most common. Higher incidence of malignant tumours supports the metaphor often used for ovarian malignancy “ the silent killer ”.