bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alterations to the Kinetic Chain Sequence After a Shoulder Injury in Throwing Athletes
Authors: Owens Liam P. , Coyles Ginny , Khaiyat Omid 
Published: November 2024

Background: Kinetic chain (KC) sequencing is essential for efficient energy translation through the body in overhead-throwing sports. A sequencing breakdown can result in injuries to the throwing shoulder and thus the management of athlete recovery in an attempt to minimize the impact on both training and performance. Purpose: To determine kinematic differences in KC sequencing, imperative for the prevention and rehabilitation of a shoulder injury, during maximal throwing in overhead athletes with and without a shoulder injury. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Kinematic data were collected and analyzed for 36 male overhead athletes with (symptomatic) and without (asymptomatic) a shoulder injury (18 participants per group) during maximal overhead-throwing trials using 3-dimensional motion analysis (100 Hz). Peak angular velocities and associated timing of the throwing shoulder, throwing elbow, thorax, pelvis, lead hip, and rear hip were calculated to determine the KC sequence in both groups. Kinematic data were compared using independent t tests, and relationships between variables were assessed using the Pearson correlation coefficient (both P < .05). Results: The KC sequence in overhead athletes with or without a shoulder injury was the same, except for peak elbow extension and shoulder flexion angular velocities. These angular velocities occurred simultaneously in asymptomatic throwers (both 0.17 % before ball release [BR]) but sequentially in symptomatic throwers (0.06 % before BR and 0.67 % after BR, respectively). No differences were evident in stride length (m) or resultant ball velocity (m/s) between the groups, despite differences in key joint angular velocities across KC segments ( P range, <.001-.035). Relationships between resultant ball velocity and all key joint angular velocities were evident for symptomatic but not asymptomatic throwers ( P range, <.001-.026). Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that overhead athletes, regardless of their shoulder injury history, had similar KC sequencing across the lower limb and lumbopelvic-hip complex segments before differences in the timing of peak elbow extension and shoulder flexion angular velocities of the throwing arm approaching BR. Further research investigating muscle activity changes and technique parameters during overhead throwing may present explanations as to how we can ensure that the KC sequence is not altered as a result of an injury. Clinical Relevance: This study provides a new perspective on the KC and how an injury may not change the sequence itself in overhead-throwing performance.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Perceived Barriers of Undergraduate Medical Students Towards Research. A Cross-Sectional Questionnaire-Based Study in Morocco
Authors: Chenfouh Imane , Atassi Mariam , Yeznasni Asmae , Lekfif Asmae , Abda Naima 
Published: November 2024

Introduction Research is important for the advancement of the medical field. Integrating research in the undergraduate medical curricula is crucial. Previous studies have explored medical students’ knowledge of, attitude towards, and barriers to medical research in different countries. We aim in this study to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and barriers of medical students towards research in a Moroccan medical school. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study including all medical students at Oujda Medical School from the first year to their seventh year. Data were collected using an anonymous, self-administered online questionnaire that had been pilot-tested beforehand. The questionnaire was designed to evaluate students’ knowledge, attitude, and perceived barriers regarding research. Additionally, we analyzed how students’ attitude, knowledge and barriers scores correlated with various sociodemographic variables. Results We received 754 completed responses in total. The knowledge score was relatively low, with a median of 2 (IQR 1-3) across 8 questions, indicating limited understanding of research basics. However, the majority of students expressed a positive attitude towards scientific research, with a median score of 3.26 (IQR 3.04-3.5) on ATR scale. Numerous challenges were identified by the students, including time constraints (75.6%), insufficient funding (75%), and inadequate laboratory facilities (72.6%). Conclusion Moroccan students displayed a high level of attitude towards research, yet a low knowledge score. This discrepancy may be explained by several perceived obstacles towards research. To enhance students’ engagement in undergraduate research, these barriers must be addressed.
Imetelstat: a new addition to the therapeutic landscape of lower-risk MDS
Authors: Abaza Yasmin , DeZern Amy E. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Anemia is the most prevalent cytopenia in lower-risk myelodysplastic neoplasms (LR-MDS). There is a paucity of drugs for red blood cell transfusion dependence (RBC-TD), and erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) are the mainstay of therapy in many centers. Imetelstat, an oligonucleotide telomerase inhibitor, was recently approved for adults with RBC-TD LR-MDS who are ineligible for or failed prior ESA therapy. Although not yet approved worldwide, here we spotlight the current data for imetelstat and where it may fit in the therapeutic landscape of LR-MDS.
Polygenic risk of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and COVID-19 severity
Authors: Guillen-Guio Beatriz , Marcelino-Rodriguez Itahisa , Lorenzo-Salazar Jose Miguel , Leavy Olivia C. , Allen Richard J. , Pompa-Mera Ericka N. , Riancho José A. , Rojas-Martinez Augusto , Lapunzina Pablo , Carracedo Ángel , Wain Louise V. , Flores Carlos ,   Scourge Cohort Group
Published: November 2024

BackgroundA shared genetic component between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has been described based on analyses of individual risk variants. Here we used a whole-genome polygenic risk score (PRS) approach to further evaluate age- and sex-stratified genetic overlap between IPF and severe COVID-19 to give insight into shared biological mechanisms which might both inform therapeutic strategies for both diseases.MethodsWe used results from the largest genome-wide association study of clinically defined IPF risk (4125 cases/20 464 controls) and individual-level data from the SCOURGE European study of COVID-19 (5968 cases/9056 controls). We calculated IPF PRSs and assessed their association with COVID-19 severity, stratified by age and sex. We performed replication in an independent dataset of Latin-American patients (1625 cases/1887 controls). Enrichment and pathway-specific PRS analyses were performed to study biological pathways associated with COVID-19 severity.ResultsIPF PRSs were significantly associated with COVID-19 hospitalisation and severe illness in Europeans and replicated in a Latin-American cohort. The strongest association was found in <60 years patients, especially among younger males (p=6.39×10−5). Pathway-specific PRSs analyses supported a link to cadherin and integrin signalling pathways.ConclusionsThe study indicates age and sex-dependent genome-wide genetic overlap between IPF and severe COVID-19 and highlights specific shared biological mechanisms underlying both conditions. This could also imply that individuals with a high IPF genetic risk are at an overall increased risk of developing lung sequelae resulting from severe COVID-19.
Development of a robust SNP marker set for genotyping diverse gene bank collections of polyploid roses
Authors: Patzer Laurine , Thomsen Tim , Wamhoff David , Schulz Dietmar Frank , Linde Marcus , Debener Thomas 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Due to genetic depletion in nature, gene banks play a critical role in the long-term conservation of plant genetic resources and the provision of a wide range of plant genetic diversity for research and breeding programs. Genetic information on accessions facilitates gene bank management and can help to conserve limited resources and to identify taxonomic misclassifications or mislabelling. Here, we developed SNP markers for genotyping 4,187 mostly polyploid rose accessions from large rose collections, including the German Genebank for Roses.

Results
We filtered SNP marker information from the RhWag68k Axiom SNP array using call rates, uniformity of the four allelic dosage groups and chromosomal position to improve genotyping efficiency. After conversion to individual PACE® markers and further filtering, we selected markers with high discriminatory power. These markers were used to analyse 4,187 accessions with a mean call rate of 91.4%. By combining two evaluation methods, the mean call rate was increased to 95.2%. Additionally, the robustness against the genotypic groups used for calling was evaluated, resulting in a final set of 18 markers. Analyses of 94 pairs of assumed duplicate accessions included as controls revealed unexpected differences for eight pairs, which were confirmed using SSR markers. After removing the duplicates and filtering for accessions that were robustly called with all 18 markers, 141 out of the 1,957 accessions showed unexpected identical marker profiles with at least one other accession in our PACE® and SSR analysis. Given the attractiveness of NGS technologies, 13 SNPs from the marker set were also analysed using amplicon sequencing, with 76% agreement observed between PACE® and amplicon markers.

Conclusions
Although sampling error cannot be completely excluded, this is an indication that mislabelling occurs in rose collections and that molecular markers may be able to detect these cases. In future applications, our marker set could be used to develop a core reference set of representative accessions, and thus optimise the selection of gene bank accessions.
Characterization of the Cannabis sativa glandular trichome epigenome
Authors: Conneely Lee J. , Hurgobin Bhavna , Ng Sophia , Tamiru-Oli Muluneh , Lewsey Mathew G. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
The relationship between epigenomics and plant specialised metabolism remains largely unexplored despite the fundamental importance of epigenomics in gene regulation and, potentially, yield of products of plant specialised metabolic pathways. The glandular trichomes of Cannabis sativa are an emerging model system that produce large quantities of cannabinoid and terpenoid specialised metabolites with known medicinal and commercial value. To address this lack of epigenomic data, we mapped H3K4 trimethylation, H3K56 acetylation, H3K27 trimethylation post-translational modifications and the histone variant H2A.Z, using chromatin immunoprecipitation, in C. sativa glandular trichomes, leaf, and stem tissues. Corresponding transcriptomic (RNA-seq) datasets were integrated, and tissue-specific analyses conducted to relate chromatin states to glandular trichome specific gene expression.

Results
The promoters of cannabinoid and terpenoid biosynthetic genes, specialised metabolite transporter genes, defence related genes, and starch and sucrose metabolism were enriched specifically in trichomes for histone marks H3K4me3 and H3K56ac, consistent with active transcription. We identified putative trichome-specific enhancer elements by identifying intergenic regions of H3K56ac enrichment, a histone mark that maintains enhancer accessibility, then associated these to putative target genes using the tissue specific gene transcriptomic data. Bi-valent chromatin loci specific to glandular trichomes, marked with H3K4 trimethylation and H3K27 trimethylation, were associated with genes of MAPK signalling pathways and plant specialised metabolism pathways, supporting recent hypotheses that implicate bi-valent chromatin in plant defence. The histone variant H2A.Z was largely found in intergenic regions and enriched in chromatin that contained genes involved in DNA homeostasis.

Conclusion
We report the first genome-wide histone post-translational modification maps for C. sativa glandular trichomes, and more broadly for glandular trichomes in plants. Our findings have implications in plant adaptation and stress responses and provide a basis for enhancer-mediated, targeted, gene transformation studies in plant glandular trichomes.
‘Incense is the one that keeps the air fresh’: indoor air quality perceptions and attitudes towards health risk
Authors: Williams Ashley , Schulte Kayla , Varaden Diana 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Air pollution is of significant environmental and public health concern globally. While much research has historically focused on outdoor air pollution, indoor air pollution has been relatively under-explored despite its strong connection with health outcomes, particularly respiratory health. Studies on air pollution exposure mitigation consistently reveal a significant knowledge gap between the understanding of air pollution as a health risk among lay individuals and expert scientists. This study aimed to assess how people define and understand the concept of ‘clean air’ within their home setting.

Methods
We adopted a mixed-methods approach which used a guided questionnaire designed to elicit both quantitative and qualitative data, collected as digital voice notes. The total sample (n = 40) comprised data from two socially different sites of science and non-science events. We compared whether the notion of clean air inside homes differs between these two different social contexts and how views and ‘sense’ of indoor air pollution are formed. The concept of ‘place’ facilitated fluidity in our explorative analysis. Insights allowed us to assess the extent to which context mediates individuals’ perceptions of indoor air pollution and attitudes towards health risk.

Results
We found that individuals’ insights were embodied in repetitive day-to-day activities (e.g. cleaning and cooking). Three key themes emerged (1) Stimulative Effects, (2) Contextual Conditions, and (3) Risk Attitudes. Sensory perceptions such as sight, smell and temperature primarily motivated participants to assess air quality inside their homes. These perceptions were shaped by contextual conditions, influencing how individuals perceived their health risk and were subsequently motivated to spend personal time considering or seeking information about household air pollution, or improving their home air quality.

Conclusions
Our insights revealed that social, geographical, and contextual factors play a crucial role in individuals’ understandings of indoor air pollution. These dimensions should be integrated into designs of effective public health risk communication strategies. Our findings highlight that common lay perceptions and practices intended to improve air quality may pose health risks. Therefore, risk communication about household air pollution must extend beyond objective information by considering contextual factors that shape how people interpret and respond to air quality issues.

Clinical trial number
Not applicable.
“Effect of mid-root perforation and its repair on stress distribution and fracture resistance: a 3D finite element analysis and in vitro study”
Authors: Elwazan Ghada Ihab , Roshdy Nehal Nabil , Abdelaziz Saied 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Aim
to assess and compare the effect of mid-root perforation repair using Biodentine and Portland cement in single-rooted endodontically treated mandibular premolars in terms of stress distribution using finite element analysis (FEA) and fracture resistance test.

Methods
In the FEA, an extracted human mandibular premolar tooth was scanned using cone beam computed tomography, and a 3-dimensional (3D) solid model was created. A sound tooth model (ST), an endodontically treated model (ET), an instrumented and mid-root perforated and repaired by Biodentine model (BM), and perforated and repaired by Portland cement model (PCM) were the 4 models simulated. A vertical force of 300 N on the occlusal plane was applied. Evaluation of von Mises stress distribution and maximum displacement were investigated. In the fracture resistance in vitro study, 28 extracted premolars were selected and randomized into 4 groups, (n = 7), (A) is the negative control intact group, (B) is the positive control of endodontically treated group, (C) is mid-root perforated and repaired by Biodentine group and (D) is mid-root perforated and repaired by Portland cement. All Teeth were instrumented except for group A, group B was obturated while groups C and D were instrumented, perforated, repaired, and obturated. All groups were restored coronally except group A. Fracture force was measured; subsequently, the fracture repairability was evaluated. Finally, the data were statistically evaluated using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA); the significance level was set at P ≤ 0.05 and the repairability of teeth after fracture was correlated to the maximum loading using Pearson’s coefficient tests.

Results
In FEA, Maximum von Mises stress was descending assorted as 121.1 MPa for ET, 115.6 MPa for BM and PCM, and 109 MPa for ST, and in the mid-root area or perforation site were 20 MPa for PCM, 16.17 MPa for BM, 10.16 MPa for ET and 8.1 MPa for ST while the Maximum Displacement was descending assorted as 0.0179 mm for ET, 0.0169 mm for BM and PCM and 0.0151 mm for ST. In the fracture resistance test, Group A showed higher fracture resistance than other groups significantly. There was a non-significant difference between Groups B, C, and D. There was also an insignificant correlation between the maximum loading and the repairability of the tooth after fracture.

Conclusion
FEA and fracture resistance test showed that the 2 repair materials are acceptable and recommended in iatrogenic mid-root perforation.
Experiences of bullying among nursing students during clinical practice: a scoping review of qualitative studies
Authors: Yosep Iyus , Fitria Nita , Mardhiyah Ai , Pahria Tuti , Yamin Ahmad , Hikmat Rohman 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBullying in the clinical setting has become a significant issue for nursing students. The experience of bullying during clinical practice can negatively affect students’ mental and physical health, as well as their professional development. Nursing students are often targets of verbal abuse, intimidation, and discrimination from various individuals in the clinical environment. This behavior not only harms individual students but also affects the quality of patient care. The aim of this study is to provide a deeper understanding of the phenomenon of bullying toward nursing students, identify research gaps, and offer recommendations for future research. This study employed a scoping review method, with articles sourced from four major databases: CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The main keywords used included “bullying,” “nursing students,” “clinical practice,” and “verbal violence.” Inclusion criteria were studies with nurse participants, original research articles, and published within the last 10 years (2015–2024). Data were manually extracted using tables and analyzed through a qualitative descriptive approach. Eleven articles met the inclusion criteria. This scoping review focuses on the findings of an exploration of the experiences of bullying experienced by nursing students, identifies research gaps, and provides suggestions for future research. Findings showed that nursing students experience various forms of bullying, including verbal violence and intimidation, often triggered by power imbalances in interactions with clinical staff and mentors. The impact of bullying is not only detrimental to students’ mental health, but also affects their academic performance and quality of learning. Research gaps found include a lack of studies on the direct relationship between bullying and clinical assessment outcomes, as well as a lack of understanding of effective strategies to address bullying. This study recommends the need for clearer anti-bullying policies and transparent reporting systems, as well as further research to explore the impact of bullying in the context of nursing culture and education system.
Evaluating the implementation of the National Primary Health Care Development Agency (NPHCDA) gateway for the Basic Healthcare Provision Fund (BHCPF) across six Northern states in Nigeria
Authors: Igbokwe Uchenna , Ibrahim Raihanah , Aina Muyi , Umar Musa , Salihu Muhammed , Omoregie Efosa , Sadiq Firdausi Umar , Obonyo Benson , Muhammad Rilwanu , Isah Salisu Idris , Joseph Natsah , Wakil Babagana , Tijjani Faruk , Ibrahim Abubakar , Yahaya Mohammed Nura , Aigbogun Eric 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
This evaluation research utilized both qualitative and quantitative methods to assess the implementation of the National Primary Health Care Development Agency (NPHCDA) gateway of the Basic Health Care Provision Fund (BHCPF) across six states in Northern Nigeria: Bauchi, Borno, Kaduna, Kano, Sokoto, and Yobe.

Methods
This was a mixed-method research that utilized longitudinal surveys and Key informant interviews to gather information about the implementation status of the BHCPF-NPHCDA gateway. Checklists were developed based on the BHCPF’s national guidelines to gather quantitative data, while simple open-ended questionnaires were used to collect qualitative data from the state BHCPF Program Implementation Unit (PIU) focal persons as key informants.

Results
The result revealed that the NPHCDA had accredited these six states to use one Primary Health Care (PHC) facility in each political ward to implement the BHCPF. Factors that contributed to the success achieved in some states included the early completion of contingent start-up activities, well-established coordination structures, strong support from partners, and the availability of established financial management systems. However, the delays in the submission of quarterly business plans by the BHCPF facilities affected timely approval and fund disbursement. Other challenges included staff capacity gaps, inadequate human resources, and poor management and supervision from the state health agency teams.

Conclusion
There was suboptimal implementation of the BHCPF in at least one thematic area across all states. Therefore, actions such as government commitment for improved coordination, continuous capacity building, effective monitoring and evaluation, and targeted supportive supervision using innovative approaches should be undertaken to improve the program’s implementation. In a broader setting, the insights from BHCPF implementation are valuable for LMICs, offering guidance on overcoming implementation challenges associated with PHC financing. This research provides a resource for enhancing healthcare financing strategies in similar contexts.