bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proinflammatory Macrophages Promote Multiple Myeloma Resistance to Bortezomib Therapy
Authors: Beyar-Katz Ofrat , Magidey Ksenia , Reiner-Benaim Anat , Barak Noga , Avivi Irit , Cohen Yael , Timaner Michael , Avraham Shimrit , Hayun Michal , Lavi Noa , Bersudsky Marina , Voronov Elena , Apte Ron N. , Shaked Yuval 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell neoplasia commonly treated with proteasome inhibitors such as bortezomib. Although bortezomib has demonstrated enhanced survival benefit, some patients relapse and subsequently develop resistance to such therapy. Here, we investigate the mechanisms underlying relapse and refractory MM following bortezomib treatment. We show that bortezomib-exposed proinflammatory macrophages promote an enrichment of MM-tumor-initiating cells (MM-TIC) both in vitro and in vivo. These effects are regulated in part by IL1β, as blocking the IL1β axis by a pharmacologic or genetic approach abolishes bortezomib-induced MM-TIC enrichment. In MM patients treated with bortezomib, high proinflammatory macrophages in the bone marrow negatively correlate with survival rates (HR, 1.722; 95% CI, 1.138–2.608). Furthermore, a positive correlation between proinflammatory macrophages and TICs in the bone marrow was also found. Overall, our results uncover a protumorigenic cross-talk involving proinflammatory macrophages and MM cells in response to bortezomib therapy, a process that enriches the MM-TIC population.

Implications:
Our findings suggest that proinflammatory macrophages in bone marrow biopsies represent a potential prognostic biomarker for acquired MM resistance to bortezomib therapy.
Association between Aortic Calcification, Cardiovascular Events, and Mortality in Kidney and Pancreas-Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Lewis Joshua R. , Wong Germaine , Taverniti Anne , Vucak-Dzumhur Mirna , Elder Grahame J. 
Published: August 2019

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Cardiovascular (CV) disease is the leading cause of death in kidney and simultaneous pancreas-kidney (SPK) transplant recipients. Assessing abdominal aortic calcification (AAC), using lateral spine x-rays and the Kaupilla 24-point AAC (0–24) score, may identify transplant recipients at higher CV risk. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Between the years 2000 and 2015, 413 kidney and 213 SPK first transplant recipients were scored for AAC at time of transplant and then followed for CV events (coronary heart, cerebrovascular, or peripheral vascular disease), graft-loss, and all-cause mortality. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The mean age was 44 ± 12 years (SD) with 275 (44%) having AAC (26% moderate: 1–7 and 18% high: ≥8). After a median of 65 months (IQR 29–107 months), 46 recipients experienced CV events, 59 died, and 80 suffered graft loss. For each point increase in AAC, the unadjusted hazard ratios (HR) for CV events and mortality were 1.11 (95% CI 1.07–1.15) and 1.11 (1.08–1.15). These were similar after adjusting for age, gender, smoking, transplant type, dialysis vintage, and diabetes: aHR 1.07 (95% CI 1.02–1.12) and 1.09 (1.04–1.13). For recipients with high versus no AAC, the unadjusted and fully-adjusted HRs for CV events were 5.90 (2.90–12.02) and 3.51 (1.54–8.00), for deaths 5.39 (3.00–9.68) and 3.38 (1.71–6.70), and for graft loss 1.30 (0.75–2.28) and 1.94 (1.04–3.27) in age and smoking history-adjusted analyses. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Kidney and SPK transplant recipients with high AAC have 3-fold higher CV and mortality risk and poorer graft outcomes than recipients without AAC. AAC scoring may be useful in assessing and targeted risk-lowering strategies.
Cross-Cultural Differences in the Valuing of Dominance by Young Children
Authors: Charafeddine Rawan , Mercier Hugo , Yamada Takahiro , Matsui Tomoko , Sudo Mioko , Germain Patrick , Bernard Stéphane , Castelain Thomas , Van der Henst Jean-Baptiste 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDevelopmental research suggests that young children tend to value dominant individuals over subordinates. This research, however, has nearly exclusively been carried out in Western cultures, and cross-cultural research among adults has revealed cultural differences in the valuing of dominance. In particular, it seems that Japanese culture, relative to many Western cultures, values dominance less. We conducted two experiments to test whether this difference would be observed in preschoolers. In Experiment 1, preschoolers in France and in Japan were asked to identify with either a dominant or a subordinate. French preschoolers identified with the dominant, but Japanese preschoolers were at chance. Experiment 2 revealed that Japanese preschoolers were more likely to believe a subordinate than a dominant individual, both compared to chance and compared to previous findings among French preschoolers. The convergent results from both experiments thus reveal an early emerging cross-cultural difference in the valuing of dominance.
Good Gods Almighty
Authors: Barrett Justin L. , Shaw R. Daniel , Pfeiffer Joseph , Grimes Jonathan , Foley Gregory S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIf “Big Gods” evolved in part because of their ability to morally regulate groups of people who cannot count on kin or reciprocal altruism to get along (Norenzayan, 2013), then powerful gods would tend to be good gods. If the mechanism for this cooperation is some kind of fear of supernatural punishment (Johnson & Bering, 2006), then we may expect that mighty gods tend to be punishing gods. The present study is a statistical analysis of superhuman being concepts from 20 countries on five continents to explore whether the goodness of a god is related to its mightiness. Gods that looked more like the God of classical theism and gods that were low in anthropomorphism were more likely to be regarded as morally good and to be the target of religious practices. Mighty gods were not, however, especially likely to punish or to be a “high god.”
Why Hazing? Measuring the Motivational Mechanisms of Newcomer Induction in College Fraternities
Authors: McCreary Gentry R. , Schutts Joshua W. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHazing behaviors as a part of group initiations have been theorized to contribute to a sense of group solidarity, to ensure loyalty and commitment of group members, to teach group-relevant skills and attitudes to group members, and to reinforce the social hierarchy within groups. In a survey of members of an international college fraternity (n=2833), researchers propose and test a four-dimensional model of hazing motivation. Using exploratory factor analysis, the proposed four-factor model explains 74 percent of the overall variance and confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated acceptable model fit. Correlation and regression analysis suggested that social dominance- motivated hazing is strongly associated with hazing tolerance, moral disengagement, and a variety of measures related to organizational commitment and attachment.
De Burger-Leeskring: a Brief History of South Africa’s First Commercial Book Club and its Effect on Afrikaans Literature
Authors: Klingenberg Jana 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This paper investigates the history of the De Burger-Leeskring and the impact it had on Afrikaans literature and cultural development. It places the development of Nasionale Pers and the Afrikaans language within the context of South Africa’s history and the development of language, politics and culture, as well as considering book clubs or readers’ circles and their purpose within this context. This paper uses Bourdieu’s classification of different kinds of capital—specifically cultural capital and financial capital—to evaluate the success of this Leeskring [Reader’s Circle]. It was found that although not financially successful, the Leeskring’s influence on Afrikaans literature was vast.
Reading Laudato Si’ in the Verapaz
Authors: Hoenes del Pinal Eric 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
As global climate change is becoming an increasing worry, Q’eqchi’-Maya Catholics in Guatemala have begun drawing Pope Francis encyclical Laudato Si’ into their discourse about the environment. This article examines how Catholic teachings and Maya culture come together to shape Q’eqchi’-Mayas’ views on climate change, and argues that these processes offer anthropologists of Catholicism insight into how we might better understand Catholicism as a religion that is at once local and global.
Two more new species of Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from the northern Western Ghats, Maharashtra, India
Authors: KHANDEKAR AKSHAY , THACKERAY TEJAS , AGARWAL ISHAN 
Published: August 2019

We describe two new species of the gekkonid genus Cnemaspis from the northern Western Ghats in Maharashtra, India. Cnemaspis amba sp. nov. and C. koynaensis sp. nov. are members of the C. girii clade and differ genetically from each other and other members of the clade by ­7.9–19.6 % uncorrected ND2 sequence divergence. The two new species are also morphologically distinguishable from all regional congeners on the basis of condition of spine-like scales on flanks, heterogeneity of dorsal pholidosis, number of dorsal tubercle rows, number of tubercles in paravertebral rows, femoral pores, number of poreless scales between femoral pores in the precloacal-femoral scale row, and keeling and size of sub-caudal scales. Cnemaspis amba sp. nov. differs from C. koynaensis sp. nov. in lacking spine-like scales on flanks and in the number of longitudinal ventral scales and ventral scales across mid-body. Both species are known only from their mid-elevation (~800 m asl.) type localities. Discovery of two new species increases the total species of Northern Western Ghats (NWG) Cnemaspis to ten. Specific status of numerous genetically divergent lineages needs to be evaluated and it is likely that many more species remain to be discovered from the poorly explored NWG, which are typically considered low in species diversity relative to more southern regions. We also provide a table describing major diagnostic characters across all NWG Cnemaspis species and corrected type locality data for three recently named species—Cnemaspis ajijae, C. limayei and C. mahabali.
Assessments of Otolaryngology Resident Operative Experiences Using Mobile Technology: A Pilot Study
Authors: Chen Jenny X. , Kozin Elliott , Bohnen Jordan , George Brian , Deschler Daniel G. , Emerick Kevin , Gray Stacey T. 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesSurgical education has shifted from the Halstedian model of “see one, do one, teach one” to a competency‐based model of training. Otolaryngology residency programs can benefit from a fast and simple system to assess residents’ surgical skills. In this quality initiative, we hypothesize that a novel smartphone application called System for Improving and Measuring Procedural Learning (SIMPL) could be applied in an otolaryngology residency to facilitate the assessment of resident operative experiences.MethodsThe Plan Do Study Act method of quality improvement was used. After researching tools of surgical assessment and trialing SIMPL in a resident‐attending pair, we piloted SIMPL across an otolaryngology residency program. Faculty and residents were trained to use SIMPL to rate resident operative performance and autonomy with a previously validated Zwisch Scale.ResultsResidents (n = 23) and faculty (n = 17) were trained to use SIMPL using a standardized curriculum. A total of 833 assessments were completed from December 1, 2017, to June 30, 2018. Attendings completed a median 20 assessments, and residents completed a median 14 self‐assessments. All evaluations were resident initiated, and attendings had a 78% median response rate. Evaluations took residents a median 22 seconds to complete; 126 unique procedures were logged, representing all 14 key indicator cases for otolaryngology.DiscussionThis is the first residency‐wide application of a mobile platform to track the operative experiences of otolaryngology residents.Implications for PracticeWe adapted and implemented a novel assessment tool in a large otolaryngology program. Future multicenter studies will benchmark resident operative experiences nationwide.
Developing a phone-based measure of impairment after acute oral ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol
Authors: Pabon Elisa , de Wit Harriet 
Published: August 2019

Background: Acute consumption of cannabis or its primary psychoactive ingredient ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol has been shown to impair memory, reaction time, time perception, and attention. However, it is difficult to measure these impairments in a brief test that can be used in a non-laboratory setting. Aims: We aim to develop and validate a prototype for a mobile phone application to measure ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol-induced cognitive impairment. Methods: We conducted two double-blind, within-subjects studies examining impairments after oral doses of ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (0, 7.5, 15 mg) using both standardized computer-based tasks and our novel phone-based tasks. The tasks measured cognitive speed, reaction time, fine motor ability, and working memory and, in the second study, time perception. Study 1 ( n=24) provided initial data, and Study 2 ( n=24) was designed to refine the measures. In both studies, healthy non-daily cannabis users participated in three four-hour experimental sessions in which they received capsules containing ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (7.5, 15 mg) or placebo. Subjective and cardiovascular measures were obtained at regular intervals, and at the time of peak drug effect subjects completed both standardized, computer-based and brief, phone-based tasks. Results: ∆9-Tetrahydrocannabinol-induced impairment was detected on most of the computer tasks, but was not evident on most of the phone tasks. Conclusions: The phone tasks were brief, to facilitate use in a non-laboratory setting, but it is likely that this made them less sensitive to the impairing effects of ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol. These findings confirm that ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol impairs performance on several tasks at two recreationally relevant doses, but raises question about the feasibility of designing a phone application as a sensitive field sobriety test for cannabis.
Effect of dietary cholesterol intake on the risk of esophageal cancer: a meta-analysis
Authors: Jin Yanyu , Yang Tao , Li Dongyin , Ding Wentao 
Published: August 2019

Objective This systematic review aimed to explore the potential association between dietary cholesterol intake and esophageal cancer risk. Methods A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases from inception to March 2019 according to specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Pooled estimates with odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained using random effects models. Results Nine articles of 12 independent studies were included in the final meta-analysis. Pooled analysis suggested that dietary cholesterol intake may increase the risk of esophageal cancer (summarized OR = 1.424, 95% CI = 1.191–1.704). Consistent results were found in American (summarized OR = 1.410, 95% CI = 1.130–1.758) and European populations (summarized OR = 1.556, 95% CI = 1.021–2.373). Subgroup analysis by disease type showed that dietary cholesterol intake had a significant association with the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusion Our findings indicated that dietary cholesterol intake could significantly increase the risk of developing esophageal cancer in both European and American populations. Further high-quality studies are necessary to confirm the effects of cholesterol intake.
Factors That Affect Time to Switch From Warfarin to a Direct Oral Anticoagulant After Change in the Reimbursement Criteria in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Park Susin , Je Nam Kyung 
Published: August 2019

Background: Anticoagulation therapy is recommended for stroke prevention in high-risk patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). This study aimed to estimate the time to switch from warfarin to a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) and identify the factors associated with it. Methods: By using claims data, we studied 7111 warfarin-using patients with nonvalvular AF who were aged ≥65 years. The Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to estimate the time to switch from warfarin to a DOAC, and Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to estimate the influencing factors. Results: Approximately one-third of the patients (2403, 33.8%) switched from warfarin to a DOAC during the study period. Female sex, aged between 75 and 79 years, having a Medical Aid or Patriots and Veterans Insurance, hypertension, and history of prior stroke, and transient ischemic attack or thromboembolism (prior stroke/TIA/TE) were associated with a significantly shorter time to switch. The odds of switching to a DOAC were increased by approximately 1.2-fold in the women and 1.4-fold in the patients with prior stroke/TIA/TE. Conclusions: Approximately one-third of the warfarin-using patients switched from warfarin to a DOAC within 6 months after the change in the DOAC reimbursement criteria. In the Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, the factors that affected anticoagulant switching from warfarin to a DOAC were female sex and history of prior stroke/TIA/TE.
Conservative management of sacroiliac luxation fracture in cats: medium- to long-term functional outcome
Authors: Bird Frances G , de Vicente Felipe 
Published: August 2019

Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the functional medium- to long-term outcome for cats with a conservatively managed sacroiliac luxation fracture (SILF). Methods Inclusion criteria were conservative management of SILF in cats with no other concurrent fractures of the pelvic weightbearing axis and availability of radiographs for review. Radiographic measurements of percentage displacement of the sacroiliac joint and the sacral index were obtained and fracture configuration was assessed. A specific owner questionnaire was completed a minimum of 6 months after the injury. The questionnaire assessed the ability of the cat to perform normal activities, the time to recovery, any behavioural changes and any requirement for long-term analgesia. Results Seventeen cats met the inclusion criteria, and 13 owners completed the questionnaire. Twelve cats had an excellent outcome, with no difficulty performing normal activities. One cat had a good outcome, with slight or occasional difficulty performing normal activities. Conclusions and relevance Our study provides evidence to support the current guidelines of conservative management of SILF. The inherent bias of case selection in our population implies that this treatment cannot be recommended for all cases of SILF.
Associations between connections to parents and friends and non-suicidal self-injury among adolescents: The mediating role of developmental assets
Authors: Taliaferro Lindsay A , Jang Sung Tae , Westers Nicholas J , Muehlenkamp Jennifer J , Whitlock Janis L , McMorris Barbara J 
Published: August 2019

Background: We tested a model that incorporated potential developmental assets through which connections to parents and friends reduce the likelihood of engaging in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) among adolescents. Method: Data came from the 2016 Minnesota Student Survey, a population-based survey of 8th, 9th, and 11th grade students ( N = 119,452). Chi-square test, t-test, and correlations evaluated bivariate relationships between all variables. Indirect effects of three developmental assets (social competency, positive identity, and empowerment) were modeled simultaneously on associations between connections to parents and friends, and past-year NSSI. Results: Bivariate analyses demonstrated protective effects of parent and friend connections on NSSI and that all developmental assets were negatively associated with NSSI. After accounting for demographic variables and associations between developmental assets in a multiple mediator path model, connections to parents showed a stronger, negative direct relationship with NSSI than did connections to friends. Developmental assets, especially positive identity and empowerment, accounted for a greater proportion of the effect of connections to friends on NSSI than the effect of connections to parents. Finally, social competency was no longer significantly related to NSSI in the multiple mediator path model. Conclusion: Clinical efforts to prevent NSSI should focus on enhancing adolescents’ sense of positive identity and empowerment, as well as connections to parents and prosocial friends.
Predictors of Wound Healing Following Revascularization for Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia
Authors: Antonopoulos Constantine N. , Lazaris Andreas , Venermo Maarit , Geroulakos George 
Published: August 2019

Objectives: After surgical or endovascular revascularization, some ischemic lesions will not heal, while some others will heal at a variable period of time from the intervention, indicating a multifactorial interaction between local and systematic “wound healing–promoting” factors. Our objective was to identify predictors of wound healing following revascularization for chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI). Methods: A literature review was performed to identify published research concerning clinical, biochemical, and noninvasive methods as predictors of wound healing time and wound-free period after surgical and endovascular revascularization for CLTI. Results: Our review indicated that potential predictors included local wound factors, wound depth, patient’s comorbidities, medications, smoking and alcohol abuse, poor vessel runoff, and direct versus indirect revascularization. Among the clinical biomarkers, platelet-derived growth factor, transforming growth factor β, basic fibroblast growth factor, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL) 1, and IL-6 have been proposed as potential predictors. Furthermore, the potential of noninvasive microcirculation assessment to predict proper wound healing has been the topic of extensive investigation. Among the novel methods, transcutaneous measurement of oxygen partial pressure, skin perfusion pressure, oxygen-to-see method, indocyanine green fluorescence imaging, and multispectral optoacoustic tomography have shown promising results. Conclusions: The risk factor profile of an ischemic lesion in the lower extremities with a delayed/failed healing response, following a successful revascularization, is not fully clarified. Although many predictors have been assessed so far, further research needs to be done to identify the optimal clinical and biochemical indices and the noninvasive technique assessing the microcirculation that is associated with complete wound healing.