bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Infectious Keratitis in Bandage Contact Lens Wear Patients
Authors: Zhu Binbin , Liu Yunfang , Lin Lin , Huang Xiaodan , Zhang Yue , Zheng Jiao , Jin Xiuming 
Published: August 2019

Objective:
The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics of infectious keratitis in patients wearing bandage contact lenses (BCLs).

Methods:
The BCL-related infectious keratitis cases were reviewed at the eye center of the Second Affiliated Hospital at the Zhejiang University School of Medicine from January 2015 to August 2018. Detailed information about the patients with infectious keratitis was collected, including the age, gender, clinical characteristics, culture results, and other measures. All the data analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows version 24.0.

Results:
From January 2015 until August 2018, 6,385 eyes of 6,188 patients, including 3,410 males and 2,778 females, received BCLs at our hospital. The mean age of these patients was 48.10±20.81 years (range=15–78 years). The mean BCL wearing time was 18.98±23.72 days (range=1–58 days). Eight patients (0.13%) with infectious keratitis were identified, and the mean age of these patients was 54.33±28.14 years (range=16–75 years). Seven of the infectious keratitis patients were older than 50 years, and one patient was 16 years old. The infectious keratitis incidence rate of the older patients (≥50 years) was significantly higher than that of the young patients (<50 years) (χ2=9.647, P=0.002). There was a higher postkeratoplasty risk of BCL-related infectious keratitis than that in the corneal epithelial defect (χ2=21.371, P=0.000) and pterygium surgery (χ2=16.037, P=0.000) cases, but not in the corneal collagen cross-linking cases (χ2=1.792, P=0.181). The mean onset time of BCL-related infectious keratitis was 22.63±18.72 days (range=3–58 days) after wearing the BCLs. Among these 8 infected patients, 3 were noncompliant with their eye drop use and 2 extended their BCL wearing time past 30 days.

Conclusion:
Bandage CL–related infectious keratitis is more likely to occur in older patients. The most common risk factor for BCL-related infectious keratitis was postkeratoplasty use. Overall, appropriate indications, good compliance, and close follow-up attention are required for BCL wearers.
Comparison of Biomechanically Corrected Intraocular Pressure Obtained by Corvis ST and Goldmann Applanation Tonometry in Patients With Open-angle Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension
Authors: Ye Yiming , Yang Yangfan , Fan Yanmei , Lan Min , Yu Keming , Yu Minbin 
Published: August 2019

Precis:
Biomechanically corrected intraocular pressure (bIOP) measurements provided by the new Corvis ST (CST) were higher than measurements obtained with Goldman applanation tonometry (GAT) in eyes with ocular hypertension (OHT) or open-angle glaucoma (OAG).

Purpose:
To compare bIOP obtained with a new version of CST with GAT measurements in patients with OAG and OHT, and to identify factors affecting IOP measurement differences between these methods.

Methods:
A total of 122 eyes with OAG or OHT were enrolled. Sixty eyes were treated with prostaglandin analogs (PGA) and 62 eyes with selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT). IOP was measured with CST, followed by GAT. Central corneal thickness (CCT) was measured with ultrasound pachymetry. Measurements obtained with these 2 approaches were compared.

Results:
The overall mean IOP was 15.2±3.0 mm Hg and 14.1±3.2 mm Hg with the CST and GAT, respectively (r=0.74; P<0.0001). There was a 1.17 mm Hg bias between tonometers, with 95% limits of agreement of −2.66 to 5.01 mm Hg. According to multivariate regression analysis, differences between bIOP and GAT-IOP were associated with CCT (P=0.001) and age (P=0.007) in the PGA group, but only with CCT in the SLT group (P=0.002). bIOP and GAT-IOP values were influenced by age (PGA: P=0.014; SLT: P=0.006) and CCT (PGA: P=0.007; SLT: P=0.032), respectively.

Conclusions:
BIOP values were higher and less affected by CCT than GAT-IOP values in eyes with OAG and OHT. However, these measurements may not be interchangeable in the clinic.
Understanding patient motivations for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis initiation and adherence
Authors: Chu Minseung , Cotler Karen , Yingling Charles 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Consistent dosing of tenofovir/emtricitabine-based HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) can reduce HIV infection risk by up to 92%. However, clinical trials have shown low PrEP adherence (34–71%), resulting in reduced effectiveness. To improve PrEP's effectiveness, adherence to a daily PrEP regimen is essential. This report explores patients' patterns of PrEP initiation and use and their PrEP-related perceptions to provide greater understanding of patient motivations for beginning and adhering to PrEP. At two urban primary care clinics, individual coaching sessions that included semistructured interviews were offered to 10 PrEP patients. Regarding PrEP initiation, 30% of patients were advised to use PrEP by their nurse practitioners (NPs), while the remaining patients requested PrEP themselves. Before they initiated PrEP, all patients were familiar with it through social contacts or internet-based research. Patients' PrEP-related perceptions were identified, including perceived pros and cons of PrEP use, and degrees of PrEP knowledge, uncertainty, and fear. Primary care NPs should take detailed sexual histories to avoid overlooking PrEP candidates. In addition, primary care NPs should introduce easy-to-access, Internet-based resources to reinforce patient education. Last, PrEP promotional campaigns should be focused at the community level in gay, bisexual, transgender and queer populations.
Volume Guaranteed Ventilation During Neonatal Transport*
Authors: Belteki Gusztav , Szell Andras , Lantos Lajos , Kovacs Gabor , Szanto Gyula , Berenyi Aniko , Szilagyi Monika , Liszkay Gabor , Kohalmi Ferenc , Morley Colin , Somogyvari Zsolt 
Published: August 2019

Objectives:
To compare tidal volumes, inflating pressures and other ventilator variables of infants receiving synchronized intermitted mandatory ventilation with volume guarantee during emergency neonatal transport with those of infants receiving synchronized intermitted mandatory ventilation without volume guarantee.

Design:
Retrospective observational study.

Setting:
A regional neonatal emergency transport service.

Patients:
We enrolled 77 infants undergoing emergency neonatal transfer. Forty-five infants were ventilated with synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation with volume guarantee and 32 with synchronized intermitted mandatory ventilation without volume guarantee.

Interventions:
Infants received synchronized intermitted mandatory ventilation with or without volume guarantee during interhospital emergency neonatal transport using a Fabian + nCPAP evolution neonatal ventilator (Software Version: 4.0.1; Acutronic Medical Instruments, Hirzel, Switzerland).

Measurements and Main Results:
We downloaded detailed ventilator data with 0.5 Hz sampling rate. We analyzed data with the Python computer language and its data science packages. The mean expiratory tidal volume of inflations was lower and less variable in infants ventilated with volume guarantee than in babies ventilated without volume guarantee (group median 4.8 vs 6.0 mL/kg; p = 0.001). Babies ventilated with synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation with volume guarantee had on average lower and more variable peak inflating pressures than babies ventilated without volume guarantee (group median 15.5 vs 19.5 cm H2O;p = 0.0004). With volume guarantee, a lower proportion of the total minute ventilation was attributed to ventilator inflations rather than to spontaneous breaths between inflations (group median 66% vs 83%; p = 0.02). With volume guarantee, babies had fewer inflations with tidal volumes greater than 6 mL/kg and greater than 8 mL/kg (group medians 3% vs 44% and 0% vs 7%, respectively; p = 0.0001). The larger tidal volumes in the non-volume guarantee group were not associated with significant hypocapnia except in one case.

Conclusions:
During neonatal transport, synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation with volume guarantee ventilation reduced the occurrence of excessive tidal volumes, but it was associated with larger contribution of spontaneous breaths to minute ventilation compared with synchronized intermitted mandatory ventilation without volume guarantee.
Interstitial Lung Disease: Update on the Role of Computed Tomography in the Diagnosis of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Chen Lucia , Halai Varsha , Leandru Andreea , Wallis Adam 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is the commonest interstitial lung disease. Radiologists play an essential role in making an accurate diagnosis, and this is necessary given its prognostic implications and potential use of antifibrotic therapies. This review highlights the radiologic features and imaging classification of fibrosis with reference to recently updated international guidelines and emphasizing the importance of the multidisciplinary team in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis diagnosis and, in particular, when pathological sampling is required.
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Adults With Amblyopia
Authors: Tuna Ana Rita , Pinto Nuno , Brardo Francisco Miguel , Fernandes Andresa , Nunes Amélia Fernandes , Pato Maria Vaz 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Through transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) it is possible to change cortical excitability of the visual cortex, and to influence binocular balance. The main goal of our study is to assess the effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation, specifically theta burst stimulation (TBS), in a group of amblyopic volunteers measuring several visual parameters: visual acuity, suppressive imbalance, and stereoacuity.

Methods:
Thirteen volunteers aged 19 to 24 years, randomly split in 2 groups, underwent 1 session of continuous TBS, stimulating the right occipital lobe. The first group with 8 volunteers was exposed to active stimulation with cTBS, and the other group with 5 volunteers was exposed to placebo stimulation.

Results:
Significant improvements in visual acuity, suppressive imbalance, and stereoacuity were found in the amblyopic eye after cTBS. The average value of amblyopia in visual acuity before stimulation was 0.32 ± 0.20 logMar and after cTBS was 0.19 ± 0.17 logMar. The mean value for the control group before placebo stimulation was 0.28 ± 0.17 and after placebo stimulation was 0.28 ± 0.16. The suppressive imbalance in the group of amblyope subjects stimulated before cTBS was 0.26 ± 0.18 and after was 0.12 ± 0.12; the suppressive imbalance of the control group before the placebo stimulation was 0.34 ± 0.37 and after was 0.32 ± 0.40.

Conclusions:
Visual acuity, suppressive imbalance, and stereoacuity had significant enhancements compared with baseline after cTBS over the right occipital lobe in an ambliopic population.
Distinct psychopathology profiles in patients with epileptic seizures compared to non-epileptic psychogenic seizures
Authors: Wang Albert D , Leong Michelle , Johnstone Benjamin , Rayner Genevieve , Kalincik Tomas , Roos Izanne , Kwan Patrick , O’Brien Terence J , Velakoulis Dennis , Malpas Charles B 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveSimilarities in clinical presentations between epileptic seizures (ES) and psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) produces a risk of misdiagnosis. Video-EEG monitoring (VEM) is the diagnostic gold standard, but involves significant cost and time commitment, suggesting a need for efficient screening tools.Methods628 patients were recruited from an inpatient VEM unit; 293 patients with ES, 158 with PNES, 31 both ES and PNES, and 146 non-diagnostic. Patients completed the SCL-90-R, a standardised 90-item psychopathology instrument. Bayesian linear models were computed to investigate whether SCL-90-R domain scores or the overall psychopathology factorpdiffered between groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were computed to investigate the PNES classification accuracy of each domain score andp. A machine learning algorithm was also used to determine which subset of SCL-90-R items produced the greatest classification accuracy.ResultsEvidence was found for elevated scores in PNES compared to ES groups in the symptom domains of anxiety (b= 0.47, 95%HDI = [0.10, 0.80]), phobic anxiety (b= 1.32, 95%HDI = [0.98, 1.69]), somatisation (b= 0.84, 95%HDI = [0.49, 1.20]), and the general psychopathology factorp(b= 1.35, 95%HDI = [0.86, 1.82]). Of the SCL-90-R domain scores, somatisation produced the highest classification accuracy (AUC = 0.74, 95%CI = [0.69, 0.79]). The genetic algorithm produced a 6-item subset from the SCL-90-R, which produced comparable classification accuracy to the somatisation scores (AUC = 0.73, 95%CI = [0.64, 0.82]).SignificanceCompared to patients with ES, patients with PNES report greater symptoms of somatisation, general anxiety, and phobic anxiety against a background of generally elevated psychopathology. While self-reported psychopathology scores are not accurate enough for diagnosis in isolation, elevated psychopathology in these domains should raise the suspicion of PNES in clinical settings.
Evaluation of Patient-Level Retrieval from Electronic Health Record Data for a Cohort Discovery Task
Authors: Bedrick Steven D. , Cohen Aaron M. , Wang Yanshan , Wen Andrew , Liu Sijia , Liu Hongfang , Hersh William R. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTObjectiveGrowing numbers of academic medical centers offer patient cohort discovery tools to their researchers, yet the performance of systems for this use case is not well-understood. The objective of this research was to assess patient-level information retrieval (IR) methods using electronic health records (EHR) for different types of cohort definition retrieval.Materials and MethodsWe developed a test collection consisting of about 100,000 patient records and 56 test topics that characterized patient cohort requests for various clinical studies. Automated IR tasks using word-based approaches were performed, varying four different parameters for a total of 48 permutations, with performance measured using B-Pref. We subsequently created structured Boolean queries for the 56 topics for performance comparisons. In addition, we performed a more detailed analysis of 10 topics.ResultsThe best-performing word-based automated query parameter settings achieved a mean B-Pref of 0.167 across all 56 topics. The way a topic was structured (topic representation) had the largest impact on performance. Performance not only varied widely across topics, but there was also a large variance in sensitivity to parameter settings across the topics. Structured queries generally performed better than automated queries on measures of recall and precision, but were still not able to recall all relevant patients found by the automated queries.ConclusionWhile word-based automated methods of cohort retrieval offer an attractive solution to the labor-intensive nature of this task currently used at many medical centers, we generally found suboptimal performance in those approaches, with better performance obtained from structured Boolean queries. Insights gained in this preliminary analysis will help guide future work to develop new methods for patient-level cohort discovery with EHR data.
A modular neural network model of grasp movement generation
Authors: Michaels Jonathan A. , Schaffelhofer Stefan , Agudelo-Toro Andres , Scherberger Hansjörg 
Published: August 2019

SummaryOne of the primary ways we interact with the world is using our hands. In macaques, the circuit spanning the anterior intraparietal area, the hand area of the ventral premotor cortex, and the primary motor cortex is necessary for transforming visual information into grasping movements. We hypothesized that a recurrent neural network mimicking the multi-area structure of the anatomical circuit and using visual features to generate the required muscle dynamics to grasp objects would explain the neural and computational basis of the grasping circuit. Modular networks with object feature input and sparse inter-module connectivity outperformed other models at explaining neural data and the inter-area relationships present in the biological circuit, despite the absence of neural data during network training. Network dynamics were governed by simple rules, and targeted lesioning of modules produced deficits similar to those observed in lesion studies, providing a potential explanation for how grasping movements are generated.
A molecular cell atlas of the human lung from single cell RNA sequencing
Authors: Travaglini Kyle J. , Nabhan Ahmad N. , Penland Lolita , Sinha Rahul , Gillich Astrid , Sit Rene V. , Chang Stephen , Conley Stephanie D. , Mori Yasuo , Seita Jun , Berry Gerald J. , Shrager Joseph B. , Metzger Ross J. , Kuo Christin S. , Neff Norma , Weissman Irving L. , Quake Stephen R. , Krasnow Mark A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAlthough single cell RNA sequencing studies have begun providing compendia of cell expression profiles, it has proven more difficult to systematically identify and localize all molecular cell types in individual organs to create a full molecular cell atlas. Here we describe droplet- and plate-based single cell RNA sequencing applied to ∼75,000 human lung and blood cells, combined with a multi-pronged cell annotation approach, which have allowed us to define the gene expression profiles and anatomical locations of 58 cell populations in the human lung, including 41 of 45 previously known cell types or subtypes and 14 new ones. This comprehensive molecular atlas elucidates the biochemical functions of lung cell types and the cell-selective transcription factors and optimal markers for making and monitoring them; defines the cell targets of circulating hormones and predicts local signaling interactions including sources and targets of chemokines in immune cell trafficking and expression changes on lung homing; and identifies the cell types directly affected by lung disease genes and respiratory viruses. Comparison to mouse identified 17 molecular types that appear to have been gained or lost during lung evolution and others whose expression profiles have been substantially altered, revealing extensive plasticity of cell types and cell-type-specific gene expression during organ evolution including expression switches between cell types. This atlas provides the molecular foundation for investigating how lung cell identities, functions, and interactions are achieved in development and tissue engineering and altered in disease and evolution.
Preparation of DPPC liposomes using probe-tip sonication: investigating intrinsic factors affecting temperature phase transitions
Authors: Rieth Monica D. , Lozano Andrew 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLiposomes are an important tool and have gained much attention for their promise as an effective means of delivering small therapeutic compounds to targeted sites. In an effort to establish an effective method to produce liposomes from the lipid, dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine or DPPC, we have found important aspects that must be taken into consideration. Here, we used probe-tip sonication to prepare liposomes on a batch scale. During this process we uncovered interesting steps in their preparation that altered the thermodynamic properties and phase transitions of the resulting liposome mixtures. Using differential scanning calorimetry to assess this we found that increasing the sonication time had the most dramatic effect on our sample, producing almost an entirely separate phase transition relative to the main phase transition. This result is consistent with reports from the current literature. We also highlight a smaller transition, which we attribute to traces of unincorporated lipid that seems to gradually disappear as the total lipid concentration decreases. Overall, sonication is an effective means of producing liposomes, but we cannot assert this method is optimal in producing them with precise physical properties. Here we highlight the physical effects at play during this process.
Gut microbiome diversity detected by high-coverage 16S and shotgun sequencing of matched stool and colon biopsy samples
Authors: Mas-Lloret Joan , Obón-Santacana Mireia , Ibáñez-Sanz Gemma , Guinó Elisabet , Pato Miguel L , Rodriguez-Moranta Francisco , Mata Alfredo , García-Rodríguez Ana , Moreno Victor , Pimenoff Ville Nikolai 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe gut microbiome has a fundamental role in human health and disease. However, studying the complex structure and function of the gut microbiome using next generation sequencing is challenging and prone to reproducibility problems due to the heterogeneity of sample sets. Here, we obtained cross-sectional colon biopsies and faecal samples from nine participants in our COLSCREEN study and sequenced them in high coverage using Illumina pair-end shotgun (for faecal samples) and IonTorrent 16S (for paired feces and colon biopsies) technologies. The metagenomes consisted of between 47 and 92 million reads per sample and the targeted sequencing covered more than 300K reads per sample across seven hypervariable regions of the 16S gene. Our data is freely available and coupled with code for the presented metagenomic analysis using up-to-date bioinformatics algorithms. These results will add up to the informed insights into designing comprehensive microbiome analysis and also provide data for further testing for unambiguous gut microbiome analysis.
BiasDB: A Comprehensive Database for Biased GPCR Ligands
Authors: Omieczynski Christian , Nguyen Trung Ngoc , Sribar Dora , Deng Lihua , Stepanov Dmitri , Schaller David , Wolber Gerhard , Bermudez Marcel 
Published: August 2019

AbstractG protein-coupled receptors transmit signals across membranes via interaction with intracellular binding partners. While there is an imprinted signaling profile for each receptor, biased ligands are able to shift intracellular pathways resulting in different recruitment profiles. We present the first comprehensive database of all literature-known biased ligands as a resource for medicinal chemistry and pharmacology. In addition to careful manual curation, we provide an analysis of the data. BiasDB is available at https://biasdb.drug-design.de/.