bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hemodynamic Patterns Identified by Impedance Cardiography Predict Mortality in the General Population: The PREVENCION Study
Authors: Medina‐Lezama Josefina , Narvaez‐Guerra Offdan , Herrera‐Enriquez Karela , Morey‐Vargas Oscar L. , Bolaños‐Salazar Juan Francisco , Abugattas Juan P. , Zea‐Diaz Humberto , Chirinos‐Revilla Jose L. , Fernandez‐Sivincha Jenny G. , Delgado‐Lazo Victor , Chirinos Diana A. , Townsend Raymond R. , Chirinos Julio A. 
Published: September 2018

Background

Blood pressure is determined by the interactions between the heart and arterial properties, and subjects with identical blood pressure may have substantially different hemodynamic determinants. Whether arterial hemodynamic indices quantified by impedance cardiography (
ICG
), a simple operator‐independent office procedure, independently predict all‐cause mortality in adults from the general population, and specifically among those who do not meet criteria for American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association stage 2 hypertension, is currently unknown.

Methods and Results

We studied 1639 adults aged 18 to 80 years from the general population. We used
ICG
to measure hemodynamic parameters and metrics of cardiac function. We assessed the relationship between hemodynamic parameters measured at baseline and all‐cause mortality over a mean follow‐up of 10.9 years. Several
ICG
parameters predicted death. The strongest predictors were total arterial compliance index (standardized hazard ratio=0.38; 95% confidence interval=0.31–0.46;
P
<0.0001) and indices of cardiac contractility: velocity index (standardized hazard ratio=0.45; 95% confidence interval=0.37–0.55;
P
<0.0001) and acceleration index (standardized hazard ratio=0.44; 95% confidence interval=0.35–0.55;
P
<0.0001). These remained independently predictive of death after adjustment for multiple confounders, as well as systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Among subjects without stage 2 hypertension (n=1563), indices of cardiac contractility were independently predictive of death and identified a subpopulation (25% of non‐stage‐2 hypertensives) that demonstrated a high 10‐year mortality risk, equivalent to that of stage 2 hypertensives.

Conclusions

Hemodynamic patterns identified by
ICG
independently predict mortality in the general population. The predictive value of
ICG
applies even in the absence of American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association stage 2 hypertension and identifies higher‐risk individuals who are in earlier stages of the hypertension continuum.
Atrial Fibrillation and Risk of Cancer: A Danish Population‐Based Cohort Study
Authors: Vinter Nicklas , Christesen Amanda M. S. , Fenger‐Grøn Morten , Tjønneland Anne , Frost Lars 
Published: September 2018

Background

Atrial fibrillation (
AF
) and cancer are frequent diseases worldwide. The timewise association between the diagnosis of
AF
and a subsequent diagnosis of cancer may clarify whether a mutual cause exists, and may also guide clinicians about time windows of high risk of cancer occurrence.

Methods and Results

We conducted a population‐based cohort study among 26 222 men and 28 879 women free of
AF
and cancer at baseline based on the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health study. The participants were followed for the development of
AF
(the Danish National Patient Registry) and subsequent cancer (the Danish Cancer Registry) until 2013. We used Cox proportional hazard models with new‐onset
AF
as time‐dependent exposure. The men (median age 56 years) and women (median age 56 years) were followed for medians of 16.7 and 19.6 years, respectively.
AF
was associated with higher risks of any type of cancer (men: hazard ratio [
HR
] 1.41, 95% confidence interval [
CI
], 1.26–1.58; women:
HR
1.15, 95%
CI
, 1.02–1.32), and for men only, lung (
HR
1.66, 95%
CI
, 1.19–2.30), and colorectal cancer (
HR
1.37, 95%
CI
, 1.02–1.85). Within the initial 90 days following the diagnosis of
AF
, the risks of any type of cancer (men:
HR
2.89, 95%
CI
, 2.10–3.98; women:
HR
3.72, 95%
CI
, 2.49–5.56), lung (men:
HR
7.70, 95%
CI
, 4.34–13.68; women:
HR
7.98, 95%
CI
, 3.96–16.09), and colorectal cancer (men:
HR
3.35, 95%
CI
, 1.03–10.90; women:
HR
5.91, 95%
CI
, 2.44–14.29) were higher for men and women.

Conclusions

A diagnosis of
AF
is associated with a higher incidence rate of cancer among men and women. The cancer incidence rate is particularly elevated within 90 days after the diagnosis of
AF
.
Impact of the Myosin Modulator Mavacamten on Force Generation and Cross‐Bridge Behavior in a Murine Model of Hypercontractility
Authors: Mamidi Ranganath , Li Jiayang , Doh Chang Yoon , Verma Sujeet , Stelzer Julian E. 
Published: September 2018

Background

Recent studies suggest that mavacamten (Myk461), a small myosin‐binding molecule, decreases hypercontractility in myocardium expressing hypertrophic cardiomyopathy‐causing missense mutations in myosin heavy chain. However, the predominant feature of most mutations in cardiac myosin binding protein‐C (
cMyBPC
) that cause hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is reduced total
cMyBPC
expression, and the impact of Myk461 on
cMyBPC
‐deficient myocardium is currently unknown.

Methods and Results

We measured the impact of Myk461 on steady‐state and dynamic cross‐bridge (
XB
) behavior in detergent‐skinned mouse wild‐type myocardium and myocardium lacking cMyBPC (knockout (KO)).
KO
myocardium exhibited hypercontractile
XB
behavior as indicated by significant accelerations in rates of
XB
detachment (k
rel
) and recruitment (k
df
) at submaximal Ca
2+
activations. Incubation of
KO
and wild‐type myocardium with Myk461 resulted in a dose‐dependent force depression, and this impact was more pronounced at low Ca
2+
activations. Interestingly, Myk461‐induced force depressions were less pronounced in
KO
myocardium, especially at low Ca
2+
activations, which may be because of increased acto‐myosin
XB
formation and potential disruption of super‐relaxed
XB
s in
KO
myocardium. Additionally, Myk461 slowed k
rel
in
KO
myocardium but not in wild‐type myocardium, indicating increased
XB
“
on
” time. Furthermore, the greater degree of Myk461‐induced slowing in k
df
and reduction in
XB
recruitment magnitude in
KO
myocardium normalized the
XB
behavior back to wild‐type levels.

Conclusions

This is the first study to demonstrate that Myk461‐induced force depressions are modulated by
cMyBPC
expression levels in the sarcomere, and emphasizes that clinical use of Myk461 may need to be optimized based on the molecular trigger that underlies the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy phenotype.
Plasma Soluble Human Elastin Fragments as an Intra‐Aneurysmal Localized Biomarker for Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysm
Authors: Nakagawa Daichi , Zanaty Mario , Hudson Joseph , Teferi Nahom , Ishii Daizo , Allan Lauren , Jabbour Pascal , Ortega‐Gutierrez Santiago , Samaniego Edgar A. , Hasan David M. 
Published: September 2018

Background
Fragmentation of the tunica media is a hallmark of intracranial aneurysm formation, often leading to aneurysmal progression and subsequent rupture. The objective of this study is to determine the plasma level of elastin fragments in the lumen of ruptured versus unruptured human intracranial aneurysms.

Methods and Results

One hundred consecutive patients with/without ruptured saccular intracranial aneurysms undergoing endovascular coiling or stent‐assisted coiling were recruited. Blood samples were collected from the lumen of intracranial aneurysm using a microcatheter. The tip of the microcatheter was placed inside the aneurysm's sac in close proximity to the inner wall of the dome. Plasma levels of elastin fragments were measured using an
ELISA
‐based method. Mean plasma level of soluble human elastin fragments was significantly greater in ruptured aneurysms when compared with nonruptured aneurysms (102.0±15.5 versus 39.3±9.6 ng/mL;
P
<0.001). Mean plasma level of soluble human elastin fragments did not have significant correlation with age, sex, size, or aneurysm location.

Conclusions
The present study revealed that a significantly higher concentration of soluble human elastin fragments in the lumen of ruptured intracranial aneurysms when compared with nonruptured ones.
Aerobic Exercise Training and Inducible Inflammation: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial in Healthy, Young Adults
Authors: Sloan Richard P. , Shapiro Peter A. , McKinley Paula S. , Bartels Matthew , Shimbo Daichi , Lauriola Vincenzo , Karmally Wahida , Pavlicova Martina , Choi C. Jean , Choo Tse‐Hwei , Scodes Jennifer M. , Flood Pamela , Tracey Kevin J. 
Published: September 2018

Background
Consensus panels regularly recommend aerobic exercise for its health‐promoting properties, due in part to presumed anti‐inflammatory effects, but many studies show no such effect, possibly related to study differences in participants, interventions, inflammatory markers, and statistical approaches. This variability makes an unequivocal determination of the anti‐inflammatory effects of aerobic training elusive.

Methods and Results

We conducted a randomized controlled trial of 12 weeks of aerobic exercise training or a wait list control condition followed by 4 weeks of sedentary deconditioning on lipopolysaccharide (0, 0.1, and 1.0 ng/mL)‐inducible tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and on toll‐like receptor 4 in 119 healthy, sedentary young adults. Aerobic capacity by cardiopulmonary exercise testing was measured at study entry (T1) and after training (T2) and deconditioning (T3). Despite a 15% increase in maximal oxygen consumption, there were no changes in inflammatory markers. Additional analyses revealed a differential longitudinal aerobic exercise training effect by lipopolysaccharide level in inducible
TNF
‐α (
P
=0.08) and IL‐6 (
P
=0.011), showing T1 to T2 increases rather than decreases in inducible (lipopolysaccharide 0.1, 1.0 versus 0.0 ng/mL)
TNF‐
α (51% increase,
P
=0.041) and IL‐6 (42% increase,
P
=0.11), and significant T2 to T3 decreases in inducible
TNF‐
α (54% decrease,
P
=0.007) and IL‐6 (55% decrease,
P
<0.001). There were no significant changes in either group at the 0.0 ng/mL lipopolysaccharide level for
TNF‐
α or IL‐6.

Conclusions
The failure to support the primary hypotheses and the unexpected post hoc findings of an exercise‐training–induced proinflammatory response raise questions about whether and under what conditions exercise training has anti‐inflammatory effects.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier:
NCT
01335737.
The Transition Debate Today
Authors: Rutar Tibor 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSpencer Dimmock has produced a convincing restatement, defence and update of Robert Brenner’s influential work on the origin of capitalism in England. The book productively engages with many Marxist and non-Marxist critics of the so-called ‘Brenner Thesis’, and presents fresh secondary and primary evidence in favour of it. This review sketches the theoretical background of Brenner’s intervention, summarises Dimmock’s take on Brenner, and comments on a few notable contemporary critiques of Brenner’s general framework which are not explicitly engaged with by Dimmock.
The Climatology of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer in Contemporary Global Climate Models
Authors: Davy Richard 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHere, we present the climatology of the planetary boundary layer depth in 18 contemporary general circulation models (GCMs) in simulations of the late-twentieth-century climate that were part of phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). We used a bulk Richardson methodology to establish the boundary layer depth from the 6-hourly synoptic-snapshot data available in the CMIP5 archives. We present an ensemble analysis of the climatological mean, diurnal cycle, and seasonal cycle of the boundary layer depth in these models and compare it to the climatologies from the ECMWF ERA-Interim reanalysis. Overall, we find that the CMIP5 models do a reasonably good job of reproducing the distribution of mean boundary layer depth, although the geographical patterns vary considerably between models. However, the models are biased toward weaker diurnal and seasonal cycles in the boundary layer depth and generally produce much deeper boundary layers at night and during the winter than are found in the reanalysis. These biases are likely to reduce the ability of these models to accurately represent other properties of the diurnal and seasonal cycles, and the sensitivity of these cycles to climate change.
Beyond Threshold Approaches to Extreme Heat: Repositioning Adaptation as Everyday Practice
Authors: Oppermann Elspeth , Strengers Yolande , Maller Cecily , Rickards Lauren , Brearley Matt 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
One of climate change’s most certain impacts is increasingly frequent and extreme heat. Heat management and climate adaptation policies generally utilize temperature and humidity thresholds to identify what constitute “extreme” conditions. In the workplace, such thresholds can be used to trigger reductions in work intensity and/or duration. In regions that routinely exceed proposed thresholds, however, this approach can be deeply problematic and raises critical questions about how frequently exposed populations already manage and mitigate the effects of extreme heat. Drawing on social practice theories, this paper repositions everyday engagements with extreme heat in terms of practices of work. It finds that bodies absorb and produce heat through practices, challenging the view that extreme heat is an “external” risk to which bodies are “exposed”. This theoretical starting point also challenges the utility of threshold-based adaptation strategies by demonstrating how heat is actively coproduced by living, performing bodies in weather. This argument is exemplified through a case study of outdoor, manual workers in Australia’s monsoon tropics, where work practices were adapted to reduce thermal load. More specifically, we find that workers “weather” work and “work” the weather to enable work to be done in extreme conditions. Our analysis of everyday heat adaptation draws attention to the generative capacities of bodies and unsettles two established separations: 1) that between climatic exposure and sensitivity, calling for a more embodied, experiential, and performed perspective and 2) that between climatic impacts and (mal)adaptation, calling for an understanding of climate adaptation, as located in everyday practices, in the management of bodies in weather.
Biomechanical Assessment of the NIOSH Lifting Equation in Asymmetric Load-Handling Activities Using a Detailed Musculoskeletal Model
Authors: Behjati Mohamad , Arjmand Navid 
Published: September 2018

Objective: To assess adequacy of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Lifting Equation (NLE) in controlling lumbar spine loads below their recommended action limits during asymmetric load-handling activities using a detailed musculoskeletal model, that is, the AnyBody Modeling System. Background: The NIOSH committee employed simplistic biomechanical models for the calculation of the spine compressive loads with no estimates of the shear loads. It is therefore unknown whether the NLE would adequately control lumbar compression and shear loads below their recommended action limits during asymmetric load-handling activities. Method: Twenty-four static stoop lifting tasks at different load asymmetry angles, heights, and horizontal distances were performed by one normal-weight (70 kg) and one obese (93 kg) individual. For each task, the recommended weight limit computed by the NLE and body segment angles measured by a video-camera system (VICON) were prescribed in the participant-specific models developed in the AnyBody Modeling System that estimated spinal loads. Results: For both individuals, the NLE adequately controlled L5-S1 loads below their recommended action limits for all activities performed in upright postures. Both individuals, however, experienced compressive and/or shear L5-S1 loads beyond the recommended action limits when lifting was performed near the floor with large load asymmetry. Conclusion: The NLE failed to control spinal loads below the recommended limits during asymmetric lifting tasks performed near the floor. Application: The NLE should be used with caution for extreme tasks involving load handling near the floor with large load asymmetry.
Agricultural Health Nurses
Authors: Lundvall Ann Marie , Olson Debra K. 
Published: September 2018

Agricultural health nurses address the health and safety issues of farmers, agricultural workers, and farm families. This nurse role incorporates both public health and occupational health nurse specialty practice. The purpose of this study was to describe agricultural health nurse job functions and competencies used in providing services to agricultural populations. A two round modified Delphi technique was used to attain a consensus among participants related to agricultural health nurse functions and competencies. In Round I, a mailed survey assessing demographic characteristics, and job functions and competencies was sent to an identified list of 61 nurses. A second mailed survey, with categorized job function and competency responses elicited through Round I, was sent to the 32 Round I respondents to assess the importance of the job functions and competencies and the frequency of performing each job function. Twenty four Round II surveys were returned. Job functions rated highest were: Serve as a liaison for the agricultural, health and medical, and nonfarm communities. Promote agricultural health and safety issues through the media. Implement educational courses for various groups. Conduct follow up assessment of injury, illness, or disease occurring as a result of an agricultural exposure. Function as a resource for information to victims of agricultural injury and illness and their families. The competencies of greatest importance were interpersonal communication skills, knowledge of injury prevention principles and measures, ability to recognize potential hazards within the work and home environment, and demonstrate a strong sense of self. This study adds to the body of knowledge needed to define the agricultural health nurse role.
Controlling Stress: In the Home and the Workplace
Authors: Kopecki Robert A. 
Published: September 2018

This has been a general overview of the very fundamental principles of stress management. However, if the principles are followed, one can find ways to handle stress in a very constructive instead of a destructive manner. The basic principles include realization that there is a problem, that the problem mayor may not have a solution even with effective planning, and understanding the difference between the two. Efficient and effective time planning or management at the workplace or at home is one of the most important methods of stress management. Effective planning probably decreases related stress more than any other single aspect of stress reduction at work.
Disaster Preparation Planning: In Industry
Authors: Frankel Cynthia L. , Fink Aileen L. 
Published: September 2018

Sixty-eight disaster planners in manufacturing companies from the state of Washington provided information pertaining to their disaster planning practices by completing a mailed questionnaire. A checklist-grid format of nineteen emergency care procedures was presented to respondents with four questions asked in relation to each procedure. Less than half of the sample reported that the protocols are utilized in written plans, disaster drills or educational procedures. Thirty-five percent of the respondents indicated that no internal accountability exists for all of the 19 procedures. Ten percent to thirty percent of the sample of respondents reported that no internal or external accountability exists for all of the 19 procedures. Respondents reported that disaster drills and real disaster events rarely occur within the time interval of a year; less than ten percent of the respondents have drills or real events in a year for each of the protocols. Twenty-five percent to forty-five percent of the respondents reported they do not have education and teaching for each of the disaster procedures and protocols. The majority of respondents (54.4%) had no education in disaster planning as well. The data show that large- and medium-sized rather than small-sized companies more frequently utilize disaster preparedness strategies including written plans and disaster drills. Twenty-one (approximately 30%) of the respondents out of a total of 68 stated that their companies engaged in post-drill evaluations and critiques. Nineteen out of 68 respondents modify their written plans following the disaster critique. The protocols for which occupational health nurses mainly play a primary role include employee safety and first aid, employee information/awareness, and lead in emergency shelter and employee care. However, the 68 respondents recognized occupational health nurses as participants at a ten % or less rate. The extent to which implementation of disaster procedures was based on written protocol guidelines and educational training or mandated by internal accountability was difficult to determine from the data due to the dissimilarity of the sample. These data, however, suggest that disaster protocol usage is not a widely established practice for this sample of disaster planners.
Health Risks of Health Care Workers: Health Risks of Health Care Workers: Health Risk Appraisal Results from the Newly Independent Country of Georgia
Authors: Wold Judith Lupo , Williams A.M. , Kobaladze Archil 
Published: September 2018

Health promotion and disease prevention activities should be carried out by all health care professionals. These activities are especially important in the Newly Independent States (NIS) of the former Soviet Union where resources are not available to meet all health care needs. Little is known about actual health risks among health care professionals in the NIS. Such self knowledge is important to link professional's prevention activities to risk factors for disease. To determine the prevalence of selected health risks of health professionals in Tbilisi, the capital of the NIS Georgia, a survey was conducted in 1996 with a convenience sample of 107 physicians and nurses. Participants completed the Healthier People Health Risk Appraisal (HPHRA), then researchers measured each subject's height, weight, blood pressure, and total cholesterol. Compared to the U.S. norms used in the HPHRA program analysis, measured group results for the Georgians were in the very high risk category for lack of seatbelt usage and stressful lifestyle, in the high risk category for lack of exercise, and in the moderately high risk category for blood pressure and smoking. The measured weight and reported alcohol consumption for Georgians was comparable to the U.S. national averages and total cholesterol values were below U.S. average levels.
Worksite Influenza Immunization
Authors: Dille JoAnne Hein 
Published: September 2018

The first article of this two part series describes the application of the PRECEDE-PROCEDE model to the development, implementation, and evaluation of a worksite health promotion program. To achieve program success, this model provides a framework for each phase of planning and emphasizes open communication and feedback from all levels of management and support from both employer and employees. The evaluation of program effectiveness in the achievement of desired outcomes provides quantitative data to communicate to employers, program planners, and funding sources to make more informed decisions regarding continuing or expanding program funding. The research article which follows describes the process used to study this program's effectiveness in meeting the outcome goals formulated during the PRECEDE phases of the planning process.