bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sound-Politics in São Paulo
Authors: Cardoso Leonardo 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This book is an ethnographic study of controversial sounds and noise control debates in Latin America’s most populous city. It discusses the politics of collective living by following several threads linking sound-making practices to governance issues. Rather than discussing sound within a self-enclosed “cultural” field, I examine it as a point of entry for analyzing the state. At the same time, rather than portraying the state as a self-enclosed “apparatus” with seemingly inexhaustible homogeneous power, I describe it as a collection of unstable (and often contradictory) sectors, personnel, strategies, discourses, documents, and agencies. My goal is to approach sound as an analytical category that allows us to access citizenship issues. As I show, environmental noise in São Paulo has been entangled in a wide range of debates, including public health, religious intolerance, crime control, urban planning, cultural rights, and economic growth. The book’s guiding question can be summarized as follows: how do sounds enter and leave the sphere of state control? I answer this question by examining a multifaceted process I define as “sound-politics.” The term refers to sounds as objects that are susceptible to state intervention through specific regulatory, disciplinary, and punishment mechanisms. Both “sound” and “politics” in “sound-politics” are nouns, with the hyphen serving as a bridge that expresses the instability that each concept inserts into the other.
Of Ears and Norms
Authors: Cardoso Leonardo 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This chapter focuses on several attempts to mobilize sound-politics via a range of techniques, devices, and national and international standards. I consider how experts have managed to stabilize two central actors: ears and norms. In the early twentieth century, experts generated the “average normal ear,” which I call Ear 1.0, the first actor. The second actor is the sound level meter, the Ear 2.0, a black box responsible for emulating Ear 1.0 and conveying reliable quantified information. As other authors have already traced the fascinating history of the stabilization of Ears 1.0 and 2.0 in the early twentieth century, I simply summarize some of these debates. The second section focuses on the Brazilian Technical Standards Association (ABNT). In the 2010s, experts faced the daunting task of revising two technical standards for assessing environmental noise. As I show, drawing on participant observation, interviews, and minutes of meetings between 2011 and 2017, this task was difficult because these revisions involved the input of groups with different interests and different understandings of what a technical standard should do.
Toward a Definition of Piano Pedagogy
Authors: Crappell Courtney 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Chapter 1, “Toward a Definition of Piano Pedagogy,” seeks to define the discipline of piano pedagogy and describe its significance in preparing pianists for teaching careers. It begins with an outline of the historical emergence of pedagogy as an academic discipline and the formation of practical teacher-training programs. It then describes how collaborations between faculties in music education and performance led to the growing popularity of piano pedagogy coursework in the twentieth century. Finally, it seeks to demonstrate how studies in piano pedagogy combine the knowledge and skills acquired through performance training with general knowledge about music and education to more fully prepare artists for careers in teaching.
Training Sequencing and Planning Strategies
Authors: Crappell Courtney 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Whereas Chapter 4 explored the “reactive” side of teaching or what happens in the lesson, Chapter 5, “Training Sequencing and Planning Strategies,” covers the “proactive” side of teaching. It describes how pedagogy students should be prepared for planning their lessons and curriculum, beginning first with the skill of sequencing repertoire and other performance skills, and then exploring techniques for designing long-term and short-term plans. In particular, this chapter places a strong emphasis on how piano teachers must be prepared to design lesson plans that prevent potential student problems, rather than only react when problems arise. Several classroom exercises are included that help pedagogy students understand the importance of the planning process and how they can adjust their plans to the needs of individual students.
Organizing the Presentation of Educational Theories
Authors: Crappell Courtney 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Chapter 6, “Organizing the Presentation of Education Theories,” offers pedagogy teachers strategies for incorporating the daunting number of educational theories into their pedagogy coursework sequences. It begins with an historical summary of how the work of philosophers, psychologists, and educators shifted over time and led to development of many of the educational theories promoted during the twentieth century. The concise overview of historical and contemporary theories that follows serves as a quick-reference guide for pedagogy teachers. While it introduces these theories in only a cursory manner, it includes them all in one single place. It does not serve as the definitive guide to educational theory, but rather as a convenient starting place for planning the presentation of theory in pedagogy courses. Theories are organized into broad pedagogical principles that can be used to reinforce the practical skills recommended for practice in preceding Chapters 4 and 5.
Guiding Creative Projects in Piano Pedagogy
Authors: Crappell Courtney 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Chapter 8, “Guiding Creative Projects in Piano Pedagogy,” helps pedagogy teachers lead students to select topics and prepare for creative projects. Rather than duplicate the information found in sources related to performing research in music education, this chapter contextualizes the information from research courses in relation to research in piano pedagogy. It describes the research designs and methods that have been frequently applied to studies in piano pedagogy and offers examples of publications as references. The information in this chapter helps pedagogy teachers guide smaller projects, such as term papers, or larger projects, like theses and dissertations. The classroom exercises provided in this chapter guide students toward greater understanding of the types of publications available on the topic of piano pedagogy, and they will help students begin selecting research topics and start their reviews of related literature.
Preparing for Generational Differences and Adapting to New Technologies
Authors: Crappell Courtney 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Chapter 9, “Preparing for Generational Differences and Adapting to New Technologies,” broadens out from the specific topics of previous chapters. Instead of simply introducing technological teaching tools, Chapter 9 explores how the tools themselves help teachers apply effective pedagogical principles. It outlines the ways that pedagogy teachers can guide students to think about how technological tools can help them facilitate independent and informal learning, and ways that they can increase motivation through the gamification of learning and by offering more opportunities for social engagement. It also discusses how teachers can adapt to generational learning preferences, which are influenced by currently available technologies.
Love in Paramyth
Authors: Jamme Christoph 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This essay discusses the Orpheus myth, its sources, and its meaning as well as its role in art and literature, in the context of current theories of myth. In particular, it considers Rilke’s reception of Orpheus in The Sonnets to Orpheus as well as in his early narrative poem from 1904 to 1905, “Orpheus. Eurydice. Hermes,” the only poem that bears Orpheus in its title. The focus of the interpretation is on Rilke’s revision of myth: the poet makes use of the Orpheus myth to exemplify his distinctive conception of love. Special attention is given to how the representation of Eurydice in “Orpheus. Eurydice. Hermes” already embodies Rilke’s view of unpossessive love that becomes central in his later works.
The Feminine in Rilke’s Sonnets to Orpheus
Authors: Komar Kathleen L. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Women play a unique role in Rilke’s work. They are exemplary lovers—usually unrequited—or extraordinarily protective mothers or creative inspirations. The Sonnets to Orpheus feature a number of crucial women both historical and mythical. This essay investigates the significance of women and the feminine more generally in the Sonnets. For Rilke, women embody the nonvisible and capture the realm beyond the merely physical. This feminine principle has the capacity to bring into being that which is potential but not yet realized—just as the poet does in the creation of the poem. Rilke sees the feminine as creatively potent but at the cost of personal fulfillment. The feminine thus embodies for Rilke a philosophy of productive deprivation that presents challenges for a feminist view but also privileges the feminine. Only by participating in that feminine principle can the poet gain access to the most crucial world beyond the tangible.
Out in Time
Authors: Halkitis Perry N. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The life experiences and sexual identity development of three generations of gay men, the Stonewall, AIDS, and Queer generations, are explored. While there are generational differences in the lived experiences of young gay men shaped by the sociopolitical contexts of the historical epoch in which they emerged into adulthood, and a crisis that has come to define each generation, there also are consistencies across generations and across time in the psychological process of coming out that defines identity formation of gay men, as these individuals transition from a period of sexual identity awareness to sexual identity integration. The life experiences are also shaped by conceptions of hypermasculinity, racism and discrimination, substance use, and adventurous sexuality. Despite the many challenges that have defined the lives of gay men across time and that are informed by the homophobia of American society, the vast majority of the population also has demonstrated resilience and fortitude in achieving both pride and dignity. These ideas are explored through the life narratives of fifteen diverse gay men, across the three generations.
Words and Wounds
Authors: Akerman Sean 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this study of exile, Sean Akerman chronicles the ways in which narrative approaches provide opportunities to understand and represent the lives of those who have been displaced after violence. Drawing on fieldwork he conducted with Tibetan exiles in New York City, and supplemented with archival research from other exilees around the world, Akerman investigates how narrative approaches can reveal what it’s like to embody historical tensions, how identity becomes contested within displaced groups, and how personal stories become ingrained into the responsibilities of political realities. Akerman uses his fieldwork to question the practices of research, too. How does a researcher write in a way that does justice to displaced lives while working within a scientific framework? What sort of ethics are at stake as one spends long hours interviewing an informant, and then interprets that person’s stories? Narrative approaches become ways to imagine new possibilities of representation, and call attention to the limitations and power dynamics within the discipline of psychology. In light of massive upheavals that go on unabated all over the world, Words and Wounds provides a timely consideration of what it looks like to understand and represent one of the most pressing issues of this age.
Personal Narratives and the Creation of a Political Voice
Authors: Akerman Sean 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Chapter 3 focuses on voice—in particular, how personal narratives become embedded in a political voice for many exiled groups. The author illustrates this tangled relationship in his fieldwork and then elaborates on it through the work of scholars who have written on the Harkis of France and on refugees in South Sudan. What becomes clear in these accounts is that personal narratives of exile provide a challenge to the understanding of what a narrative account means by the degree of a narrator’s investment in audience, testimony, witnessing, and a need to speak with unquestioned authority. The author also considers the narrative form many of these accounts take: hope.
The Rhetoric of Narrative Work
Authors: Akerman Sean 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Chapter 4 reviews contemporary research on psychological writing in order to sketch the possibilities and limits of such prose, rooted in a style of writing that goes beyond “typical” social scientific conventions. Drawing on the author’s reflections of how he chose to write about the lives of exiled Tibetans, he makes the case that this more narrative style is particularly suited to the experiences of those who have been displaced because it allows for a deeper representation of the efforts to understand the effects of profound violence on another person. The author reviews the challenges that come with this sort of writing as well, including the complexities of reflexivity, the emotional components of fieldwork, and the historical legacy of subaltern studies.
Black Radio/Black Resistance
Authors: di Leonardo Micaela 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Black Radio is a window into the most famous radio show you never heard of. The Tom Joyner Morning Show is a quarter-century-old syndicated black morning radio show reaching more than eight million adult, largely working-class listeners. It offers progressive political talk, soul music, humor, advice, philanthropy, and celebrity gossip. But the TJMS is not just an adult “old-school music” radio show: it is an on-air organizer, fusing progressive politics and aesthetics. It focuses on specific political issues affecting and enraging African Americans. Black Radio analyzes the TJMS’s rise in the Clinton era, and its coverage of key events—9/11, Hurricane Katrina, President Obama’s elections and terms, the murders of unarmed black Americans and the rise of Black Lives Matter, and the shocking 2016 Donald Trump electoral triumph. It showcases the varied, contentious, and blackly humorous voices of anchors, guests, and audience members. Finally, it investigates the new synergistic set of cross-medium ties and political connections now affecting print, broadcast, and online politics in anti-racist directions. Despite the dismal present, this new multiracial progressive public sphere has extraordinary potential for shaping future American politics. Black Radio, then, is more than the project of making the invisible visible, bringing to light a major counterpublic phenomenon unjustly ignored for reasons of color, class, generation, and medium. It tunes us in to an alternative understanding of the black public sphere in the digital age. Like the show itself, Black Radio is politically progressive, music-drenched, angry, and blisteringly funny.
Hidden in Plain Sight
Authors: di Leonardo Micaela 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Chapter 2 uses autobiographical material to lay out radio/black radio and African American music history, from the 1950s to the present—across the West and East Coasts, the South, and the Midwest—particularly the 1980s generational split in black radio programming, in response to the rise of rap and hip-hop. The chapter also defines and lays out the related R&B-style Quiet Storm radio phenomenon. Tom Joyner’s career and the TJMS’s rise within that history are documented, and its evolving politics and crew members are described. The chapter summarizes the scant public-sphere attention this black radio giant has received.
Partyin with a Purpose
Authors: di Leonardo Micaela 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This chapter summarizes African American commentary on respectability politics and lays out the details of the TJMS’s refusal to engage in it, most particularly in its resolutely pro-working-class orientation and philanthropy. It provides abundant crew and audience contributions that illustrate this refusal and orientation, with specific attention to labor—how the show brings a particularly black-identified “grown&sexy” aesthetic joi de vivre—the assertion of the superiority of responsible age over careless youth, of finesse over flamboyance—to often-denigrated, stressful workplaces and their workers, including police and military personnel. In so doing, the chapter documents the class, race, occupational, and geographic range of the TJMS audience. It lays out how the show handles celebrity politics, the range of ways in which crew and audience play with language, at times ridiculing ungrammatical audience members, and enjoy teasing people for being “country” or “old-school.” But it also positively documents working-class black boomer nostalgia, and justified annoyance with “these kids” and their ignorance of “real” soul music. Finally, it thoroughly considers TJMS’s “whiteness studies”—their complex takes on black/white differences, white racism, and anti-racist whites. It also lays out TJMS’s globally anti-racist “we are the world” vision—including Muslims—and a model of black adult political and social responsibility which may or may not be associated with Christianity.
Activism, Disasters, Elections
Authors: di Leonardo Micaela 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This chapter narrates in detail both TJMS philanthropy for and activism with African Americans—from HBCU scholarships, to working for black 9/11 survivors, to engaging in extensive and long-lasting charity for Hurricane Katrina victims—and their serious electoral activism over the decades. It details as well TJMS environmental reporting and their early civic activism with regard to economic boycotts. It provides a full accounting of TJMS coverage of and involvement in the 2000 and 2004, and especially their near-hysterical involvement in the 2008 and 2012, presidential elections, and their responses to the Obama presidency, as well as their political reporting and activism, especially on Republican voter suppression tactics, during each term.
Not “Radio Nowhere”
Authors: di Leonardo Micaela 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Chapter 6 lays out the TJMS’s history of dealing extensively and as an activist counterpubic node with the racism baked into the U.S. criminal justice system, including the differential treatment of whites versus all people of color—as in media neglect of the cases of missing black girls and women. It also lays out TJMS’s militant gun-control stance and opposition to the NRA. It documents their reactions to black offenders, and to innocent African Americans released from prison because of DNA evidence. It lays out TJMS coverage of and activism for victims of police violence/racist criminal justice Sean Bell, Trayvon Martin, Eric Garner, Melissa Alexander, and Michael Brown.
“Electronic Sheets” and a New Progressive Counterpublic
Authors: di Leonardo Micaela 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This chapter lays out the shifting American political/racial mediascape and the TJMS’s place within it. The chapter further outlines the fissioned public sphere—majority outlets are at least minimally anti-racist/women’s rights/anti-xenophobic, but there is a consolidation of vilely racist/misogynist/xenophobic outlets across American media. It documents Tom Joyner’s announcement that the show will end in Autumn 2019, and the avalanche of horrified and hilarious crew and audience reactions. It also specifies the evolving political economy of music radio and the rise of music streaming services spelling its demise. Finally, the chapter speculates on the future of a synergistic cross-medium progressive public sphere.
Causation and Logic in Neuroscience
Authors: Buzsáki György 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Causality is the most critical pillar of scientific inference in the Western world. Revealing a cause amounts to an explanation. However, other cultures that do not rely on cause-and-effect arguments can also arrive at valid scientific conclusions. The concept of causation is especially problematic in self-organized systems with amplifying-damping feedback loops, such as the brain. Causes in such systems are often circular or multidirectional; events are not caused but emerge. Correlation is symmetric, in the mathematical sense. However, in searching for the cause of the assumed interactions, we designate one set of variables as independent and the other as dependent, interpreting the relationship as asymmetric. Precaution should be taken not to conflate the “thing-to-be-explained” with “things that explain.”
Brain Rhythms Provide a Framework for Neural Syntax
Authors: Buzsáki György 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Brain oscillations are present in the same form in all mammals and represent a fundamental aspect of neuronal computation, including the generation of movement patterns, speech, and music production. Neuronal oscillators readily entrain each other, making the exchange of messages between brain areas effective. Because all neuronal oscillations are based on inhibition, they can parse and concatenate neuronal messages, a prerequisite for any coding mechanism. This chapter discusses how the hierarchical nature of cross-frequency–coupled rhythms can serve as a scaffold for combining neuronal letters into words and words into sentences, thus providing a syntactic structure for information exchange.
Enhancing Brain Performance by Externalizing Thought
Authors: Buzsáki György 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The brain areas in charge of generating plans and thoughts share many similarities with the motor cortex in terms of cellular architecture and input–output connectivity. The main difference is that prefrontal cortex does not directly innervate motor circuits. Instead, prefrontal cortical areas can be designated collectively as an internalized action system, so plans and thoughts can be conceived as internalized actions. These same brain areas and mechanisms are also responsible for externalizing thought in the form of artifacts, measuring instruments, language, art, and literature. In turn, externalized objects, as the tangible products of abstract thought, can have a profound impact on the creator’s mind and on the minds of others. Thus, externalized brain function facilitates the communication of explicit knowledge, hard-earned by a few, to all members of the community, enabling the quick and efficient spread of semantic knowledge.
Arguing with Seals
Authors: Antonello Alessandro 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This chapter analyzes the scientific and diplomatic debates on the question of sealing and seal conservation from 1964 to 1972, particularly the negotiation of the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals. Because the Antarctic Treaty did not apply to the high seas, both scientists and diplomats noted that their 1964 conservation efforts did not cover animals, such as seals and penguins, when they were in the ocean. This gap seemed problematic when there was a push in the mid-1960s to renew commercial sealing in the Antarctic. The Antarctic Treaty parties thus committed to negotiating a treaty to cover seals in the high seas. They persisted in negotiating this agreement even when the prospect of renewed sealing lapsed, because seals and sealing became a useful subject by which the treaty parties, and scientists within SCAR, could continue to mark out their authority and positions for the Antarctic.