bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selenium removal by activated alumina in batch and continuous‐flow reactors
Authors: Ji Yuxia , Li Lin , Wang Yi‐tin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSelenium removal by activated alumina (AA) in batch and continuous‐flow reactors was investigated in this study. The adsorption kinetics fitted pseudo‐first as well as pseudo‐second order models with equilibrium time for Se(VI) and Se(IV) adsorption of 8 and 12 hr, respectively. A significant higher adsorption capacity for Se(IV) than Se(VI) was observed in isothermal adsorption experiments. The adsorption isotherms of Se(VI) and Se(IV) agreed well with both Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models. The results also showed that Se(VI) adsorption was adversely affected by NaHCO3 concentrations, while Se(IV) adsorption was not due to the selectivity of activated alumina for anions. In the continuous‐flow reactor packed with AA and inoculated with Shigella fergusonii strain TB42616 under a hydraulic detention time of 3 days, approximately 74% and 70% Se(VI) were removed after 40 days at influent concentrations of 10 and 50 mg/L, respectively. Effluent concentrations of Se(IV) from the bioreactor were insignificant due to the combination of bioactivities and adsorption. The AA‐packed bioreactor is promising in both Se(VI) and Se(IV) removal as better removal efficiency may be accomplished by increasing the liquid retention time.Practitioner points

The adsorption capacity for Se(IV) of activated alumina was significantly higher than that for Se(VI).

Se(VI) adsorption was inhibited by NaHCO3, while Se(IV) adsorption was not.

Se(IV) formed by biological Se(VI) reduction was adsorbed by activated alumina in continuous‐flow reactors.

Both Se(VI) and Se(IV) were significantly removed by activated alumina‐packed continuous‐flow reactors.
Easy-plane QED3’s in the large Nf limit
Authors: Benvenuti Sergio , Khachatryan Hrachya 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

We consider Quantum Electrodynamics in 2 + 1 dimensions with N

f
fermionic or bosonic flavors, allowing for interactions that respect the global symmetry U(N

f
/2)2. There are four bosonic and four fermionic fixed points, which we analyze using the large N

f
expansion. We systematically compute, at order O(1/N

f
), the scaling dimensions of quadratic and quartic mesonic operators.
We also consider Quantum Electrodynamics with minimal supersymmetry. In this case the large N

f
scaling dimensions, extrapolated at N

f
= 2, agree quite well with the scaling dimensions of a dual supersymmetric Gross-Neveu-Yukawa model. This provides a quantitative check of the conjectured duality.
Triple-real contribution to the quark beam function in QCD at next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order
Authors: Melnikov K. , Rietkerk R. , Tancredi L. , Wever C. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe compute the three-loop master integrals required for the calculation of the triple-real contribution to the N3LO quark beam function due to the splitting of a quark into a virtual quark and three collinear gluons,q→q*+ggg. This provides an important ingredient for the calculation of the leading-color contribution to the quark beam function at N3LO.
Promoting remyelination in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Cunniffe Nick , Coles Alasdair 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe greatest unmet need in multiple sclerosis (MS) are treatments that delay, prevent or reverse progression. One of the most tractable strategies to achieve this is to therapeutically enhance endogenous remyelination; doing so restores nerve conduction and prevents neurodegeneration. The biology of remyelination—centred on the activation, migration, proliferation and differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitors—has been increasingly clearly defined and druggable targets have now been identified in preclinical work leading to early phase clinical trials. With some phase 2 studies reporting efficacy, the prospect of licensed remyelinating treatments in MS looks increasingly likely. However, there remain many unanswered questions and recent research has revealed a further dimension of complexity to this process that has refined our view of the barriers to remyelination in humans. In this review, we describe the process of remyelination, why this fails in MS, and the latest research that has given new insights into this process. We also discuss the translation of this research into clinical trials, highlighting the treatments that have been tested to date, and the different methods of detecting remyelination in people.
Cerebrospinal fluid collection: An informative animation video for patients and caregivers
Authors: Babapour Mofrad R. , Visser Leonie Nicoline Cornelia , Fruijtier Agnetha Diantha , Scheltens Philip , Smets Elisabeth (Ellen) Maria Antonia , van der Flier Wiesje Maria , Teunissen Charlotte Elisabeth 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDaily clinical practice has shown that patients are often hesitant to undergo a lumbar puncture (LP) because of unfamiliarity with the awaiting procedure and/or unrealistic ideas concerning post‐LP complications. In light of increased number of LPs in diagnostic and research settings, our institute has developed an educational video for patients and caregivers in which we inform them about and prepare them for the LP procedure. This video was based on the latest literature and was developed with the help of communication experts, medical doctors, and two separate patient panels.
The Alzheimer's Prevention Initiative Generation Program: Study design of two randomized controlled trials for individuals at risk for clinical onset of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Lopez Lopez Cristina , Tariot Pierre N. , Caputo Angelika , Langbaum Jessica B. , Liu Fonda , Riviere Marie‐Emmanuelle , Langlois Carolyn , Rouzade‐Dominguez Marie‐Laure , Zalesak Martin , Hendrix Suzanne , Thomas Ronald G. , Viglietta Vissia , Lenz Rob , Ryan J. Michael , Graf Ana , Reiman Eric M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntroductionAlzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, including the accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) species and tau pathology, begins decades before the onset of cognitive impairment. This long preclinical period provides an opportunity for clinical trials designed to prevent or delay the onset of cognitive impairment due to AD. Under the umbrella of the Alzheimer's Prevention Initiative Generation Program, therapies targeting Aβ, including CNP520 (umibecestat), a β‐site‐amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme‐1 (BACE‐1) inhibitor, and CAD106, an active Aβ immunotherapy, are in clinical development in preclinical AD.MethodsThe Alzheimer's Prevention Initiative Generation Program comprises two pivotal (phase 2/3) studies that assess the efficacy and safety of umibecestat and CAD106 in cognitively unimpaired individuals with high risk for developing symptoms of AD based on their age (60–75 years), APOE4 genotype, and, for heterozygotes (APOE ε2/ε4 or ε3/ε4), elevated brain amyloid. Approximately, 3500 individuals will be enrolled in either Generation Study 1 (randomized to cohort 1 [CAD106 injection or placebo, 5:3] or cohort 2 [oral umibecestat 50 mg or placebo, 3:2]) or Generation Study 2 (randomized to oral umibecestat 50 mg and 15 mg, or placebo [2:1:2]). Participants receive treatment for at least 60 months and up to a maximum of 96 months. Primary outcomes include time to event, with event defined as diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment due to AD and/or dementia due to AD, and the Alzheimer's Prevention Initiative preclinical composite cognitive test battery. Secondary endpoints include the Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes, Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status total score, Everyday Cognition Scale, biomarkers, and brain imaging.DiscussionThe Generation Program is designed to assess the efficacy, safety, and biomarker effects of the two treatments in individuals at high risk for AD. It may also provide a plausible test of the amyloid hypothesis and further accelerate the evaluation of AD prevention therapies.
Temporal patterns of seed quality development, decline, and timing of maximum quality during seed development and maturation
Authors: Ellis Richard H. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe long-standing hypothesis that seed quality improves during seed filling, is greatest at the end of seed filling, and declines thereafter (because seed deterioration was assumed to begin then), provided a template for research in seed quality development. It was rejected by investigations where seed quality was shown to improve throughout both seed development and maturation until harvest maturity, before seed deterioration was first observed. Several other temporal patterns of seed quality development and decline have also been reported. These are portrayed and compared. The assessment suggests that the original hypothesis was too simple, because it combined several component hypotheses: (a) the seed improvement (only) phase ends before seed deterioration (only) commences; (b) there is only a brief single point in time during seed development and maturation when, in all circumstances, seed quality is maximal; (c) the seed quality improvement phase coincides perfectly with seed filling, with deterioration only post-seed filling. It is concluded that the search for the single point of maximum seed quality was a false quest because (a) seed improvement and deterioration may cycle (sequentially if not simultaneously) during seed development and maturation; (b) the relative sensitivity of the rates of improvement and deterioration to environment may differ; (c) the period of maximum quality may be brief or extended. Hence, when maximum quality is first attained, and for how long it is maintained, during seed development and maturation varies with genotype and environment. This is pertinent to quality seed production in current and future climates as it will be affected by climate change and a likelihood of more frequent coincidence of brief periods of extreme temperatures with highly sensitive phases of seed development and maturation. This is a possible tipping point for food security and for ecological diversity.
On the Magnitude and Variability of Height Gradients in the Equatorial F Region Vertical Plasma Drifts
Authors: Shidler S. A. , Rodrigues F. S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPrevious radar studies have shown that magnitude of the vertical component of equatorial ionospheric E×B plasma drifts can vary significantly with height, even within main F region altitudes. These studies, however, were limited to few observation days. In order to properly quantify the height variation of equatorial F region vertical drifts, we examined 559 days of measurements made by the incoherent scatter radar of the Jicamarca Radio Observatory between the years of 1986 and 2017. From the observed profiles of vertical plasma drifts, we determined the mean behavior and variability of the height gradients as a function of local time and two distinct solar flux conditions (mean F10.7 around 80 and 150 SFU). Only observations made under geomagnetically quiet conditions were considered. Our results quantify the enhanced negative height gradients of vertical drifts near sunset that have been reported in the past. More importantly, we also identify and explain an enhancement in positive gradients near sunrise. We discuss the variability of the height gradients in vertical ionospheric E×B drifts at main equatorial F region heights, and the impact of this variability for satellite observations and studies of ionospheric stability and equatorial spread F.
Absolute energy level positions in tin- and lead-based halide perovskites
Authors: Tao Shuxia , Schmidt Ines , Brocks Geert , Jiang Junke , Tranca Ionut , Meerholz Klaus , Olthof Selina 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMetal halide perovskites are promising materials for future optoelectronic applications. One intriguing property, important for many applications, is the tunability of the band gap via compositional engineering. While experimental reports on changes in absorption or photoluminescence show rather good agreement for different compounds, the physical origins of these changes, namely the variations in valence and conduction band positions, are not well characterized. Here, we determine ionization energy and electron affinity values of all primary tin- and lead-based perovskites using photoelectron spectroscopy data, supported by first-principles calculations and a tight-binding analysis. We demonstrate energy level variations are primarily determined by the relative positions of the atomic energy levels of metal cations and halide anions and secondarily influenced by the cation-anion interaction strength. These results mark a significant step towards understanding the electronic structure of this material class and provides the basis for rational design rules regarding the energetics in perovskite optoelectronics.
Quantized surface transport in topological Dirac semimetal films
Authors: Nishihaya Shinichi , Uchida Masaki , Nakazawa Yusuke , Kurihara Ryosuke , Akiba Kazuto , Kriener Markus , Miyake Atsushi , Taguchi Yasujiro , Tokunaga Masashi , Kawasaki Masashi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractUnconventional surface states protected by non-trivial bulk orders are sources of various exotic quantum transport in topological materials. One prominent example is the unique magnetic orbit, so-called Weyl orbit, in topological semimetals where two spatially separated surface Fermi-arcs are interconnected across the bulk. The recent observation of quantum Hall states in Dirac semimetal Cd3As2 bulks have drawn attention to the novel quantization phenomena possibly evolving from the Weyl orbit. Here we report surface quantum oscillation and its evolution into quantum Hall states in Cd3As2 thin film samples, where bulk dimensionality, Fermi energy, and band topology are systematically controlled. We reveal essential involvement of bulk states in the quantized surface transport and the resultant quantum Hall degeneracy depending on the bulk occupation. Our demonstration of surface transport controlled in film samples also paves a way for engineering Fermi-arc-mediated transport in topological semimetals.
Stabilizing spin systems via symmetrically tailored RKKY interactions
Authors: Hermenau Jan , Brinker Sascha , Marciani Marco , Steinbrecher Manuel , dos Santos Dias Manuel , Wiesendanger Roland , Lounis Samir , Wiebe Jens 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSpins of single atoms adsorbed on substrates are promising building blocks for spintronics and quantum computation schemes. To process spin information and for increased magnetic stability, these spins have to be coupled to arrays. For a single atom, a high symmetry of the environment increases its spin stability. However, little is known about the role of the symmetry of the magnetic couplings in the arrays. Here, we study arrays of atomic spins coupled via Ruderman−Kittel−Kasuya−Yosida interaction, focusing on Dzyaloshinskii−Moriya and symmetric anisotropic exchange. We show that the high spin stability of a trimer can be remotely detected by a nearby atom, and how the Dzyaloshinskii−Moriya interaction leads to its destabilization. Adding more nearby atoms further destabilizes the trimer, due to a non-local effective transverse anisotropy originating in the symmetric anisotropic exchange. This transverse anisotropy can be quenched for highly symmetric structures, where the spin lifetime of the array increases drastically.
Variation of a major facilitator superfamily gene contributes to differential cadmium accumulation between rice subspecies
Authors: Yan Huili , Xu Wenxiu , Xie Jianyin , Gao Yiwei , Wu Lulu , Sun Liang , Feng Lu , Chen Xu , Zhang Tian , Dai Changhua , Li Ting , Lin Xiuni , Zhang Zhanying , Wang Xueqiang , Li Fengmei , Zhu Xiaoyang , Li Jinjie , Li Zichao , Chen Caiyan , Ma Mi , Zhang Hongliang , He Zhenyan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCadmium (Cd) accumulation in rice grain poses a serious threat to human health. While several transport systems have been reported, the complexity of rice Cd transport and accumulation indicates the necessity of identifying additional genes, especially those that are responsible for Cd accumulation divergence between indica and japonica rice subspecies. Here, we show that a gene, OsCd1, belonging to the major facilitator superfamily is involved in root Cd uptake and contributes to grain accumulation in rice. Natural variation in OsCd1 with a missense mutation Val449Asp is responsible for the divergence of rice grain Cd accumulation between indica and japonica. Near-isogenic line tests confirm that the indica variety carrying the japonica allele OsCd1V449 can reduce the grain Cd accumulation. Thus, the japonica allele OsCd1V449 may be useful for reducing grain Cd accumulation of indica rice cultivars through breeding.
Electric field dynamics in the brain during multi-electrode transcranial electric stimulation
Authors: Alekseichuk Ivan , Falchier Arnaud Y. , Linn Gary , Xu Ting , Milham Michael P. , Schroeder Charles E. , Opitz Alexander 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNeural oscillations play a crucial role in communication between remote brain areas. Transcranial electric stimulation with alternating currents (TACS) can manipulate these brain oscillations in a non-invasive manner. Recently, TACS using multiple electrodes with phase shifted stimulation currents were developed to alter long-range connectivity. Typically, an increase in coordination between two areas is assumed when they experience an in-phase stimulation and a disorganization through an anti-phase stimulation. However, the underlying biophysics of multi-electrode TACS has not been studied in detail. Here, we leverage direct invasive recordings from two non-human primates during multi-electrode TACS to characterize electric field magnitude and phase as a function of the phase of stimulation currents. Further, we report a novel “traveling wave” stimulation where the location of the electric field maximum changes over the stimulation cycle. Our results provide a mechanistic understanding of the biophysics of multi-electrode TACS and enable future developments of novel stimulation protocols.
High-resolution tip-enhanced Raman scattering probes sub-molecular density changes
Authors: Chen Xing , Liu Pengchong , Hu Zhongwei , Jensen Lasse 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) exhibits new selection rule and sub-nanometer spatial resolution, which is attributed to the plasmonic near-field confinement. Despite recent advances in simulations of TERS spectra under highly confined fields, a simply physical mechanism has remained elusive. In this work we show that single-molecule TERS images can be explained by local sub-molecular density changes induced by the confined near-field during the Raman process. The local sub-molecular density changes determine the spatial resolution in TERS and the gradient-based selection rule. Using this approach we find that the four-fold symmetry of meso-tetrakis(3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)porphyrin (H2TBPP) TERS images observed in experiments arises from the combination of degenerate normal modes localized in the functional side groups rather than the porphyrin ring as previously considered. As an illustration of the potential of the method, we demonstrate how this new theory can be applied to microscopic structure characterization.
Statics and dynamics of multivalley charge density waves in Sb(111)
Authors: Tamtögl Anton , Kraus Patrick , Mayrhofer-Reinhartshuber Michael , Benedek Giorgio , Bernasconi Marco , Dragoni Daniele , Campi Davide , Ernst Wolfgang E. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCharge density waves (CDWs), periodic modulations of the charge density, are among the most abundant and non-trivial ordered phases in condensed matter. Here we demonstrate the occurrence of multi-valley charge density waves (MV-CDW) on the semimetal Sb(111), a phenomenon previously observed at semiconductor surface inversion layers. The topological nature of the pocket surface states in Sb(111) ensures perfect nesting conditions giving rise to sharp peaks in helium atom scattering (HAS) diffraction spectra. The peculiar temperature dependence permits to distinctly associate the diffraction peaks with surface electron and hole-pocket states due to the non-trivial surface electronic band structure known from recent experimental data and present ab-initio calculations. Inelastic HAS spectra, besides providing the surface phonon dispersion curves in agreement with density functional perturbation theory calculations, reveal two additional dispersion curves of elementary excitations in the gap well below Rayleigh waves. They are attributed to collective excitations of the quasi-commensurate MV-CDWs associated with the surface electron M-pocket states at the Fermi level. These findings suggest that HAS can be regarded as a choice spectroscopy for the investigation of surface electronic excitations in the THz domain, opening up a new window for the search of collective phases at surfaces.
Biodiversity data rescue in the framework of a long-term Kenya-Belgium cooperation in marine sciences
Authors: Knockaert Carolien , Tyberghein Lennert , Goffin Annelies , Vanhaecke Delphine , Ong’anda Harrison , Wakwabi Enock O. , Mees Jan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe Kenya-Belgium data collection includes about 111,800 biotic observations on benthos, algae, fish, zooplankton, phytoplankton, birds and mangroves which cover more than 400 unique locations that were sampled between 1873 and 1999. The scope of this data digitization project was to recover data in theses and reports resulting from marine and coastal research activities in the Eastern African region conducted between 1984 and 1999. Data were digitized and quality checked in the frame of the Belgian LifeWatch project. The dataset provides a better insight into the different types of research conducted between 1985 and 1996 in frame of the Kenya-Belgium cooperation in marine sciences (KBP) project and can facilitate further coastal biodiversity research in Kenya.
Framing effect, probability distortion, and gambling tendency without feedback are resistant to two nights of experimental sleep restriction
Authors: Sundelin Tina , Bayard Frida , Schwarz Johanna , Cybulski Lukasz , Petrovic Predrag , Axelsson John 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSeveral studies suggest that sleep deprivation affects risky decision making. However, most of these are confounded by feedback given after each decision, indicating that decisions may be based on suboptimal feedback-learning rather than risk evaluation. Furthermore, few studies have investigated the effect of sleep loss on aspects of prospect theory, specifically the framing effect and probability distortion. In this within-subjects design, 25 people had (i) two nights of an 8 h sleep opportunity, and (ii) two nights of a 4 h sleep opportunity, in a counter-balanced order. Following the two nights, they performed a gambling task with no immediate feedback; for each round, they could either gamble for a full amount, or take a settlement framed as a gain or a loss for part of the amount. Sleep restriction did not significantly affect the tendency to gamble, the framing effect, or probability distortion, as compared to normal sleep. These results indicate that two nights of sleep restriction affects neither general gambling tendency, nor two of the main predictions of prospect theory. This resilience may be due to a less extreme sleep loss than in previous studies, but also indicates that learning components and risk biases should be separated when assessing the effect of sleep loss on risky behaviour.