bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anxiety Symptom Severity and Long‐term Risk for Suicidal Behavior in Depressive Disorders
Authors: Coryell William , Fiedorowicz Jess , Solomon David , Endicott Jean , Keller Martin 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveWe have previously shown that the severity of anxiety symptoms during major depressive episodes is associated in a linear fashion with the proportion of weeks in depressive episodes during a subsequent 25 years of follow‐up. Here, we test whether the negative prognostic implications of anxiety comorbidity extend to higher likelihoods of suicidal behavior.MethodsWe used the NIMH Collaborative Depression Study (CDS) cohort to test both the severity of eight anxiety symptoms and the presence or absence of four anxiety disorders as risk factors for suicide attempts or completions over a mean (SD) follow‐up of 16.6 (8.5) years. Separate analyses tested potential predictors of events that occurred within 2 years and those that occurred later.ResultsNone of the baseline anxiety manifestations were significantly associated with overall risks for past or future suicide attempts. Only the diagnosis of phobic disorder was overrepresented in the 36 who committed suicide. Psychic anxiety was a risk factor for suicide attempts beyond 2 years of follow‐up, and phobic anxiety was protective of suicides within this period.ConclusionsThese results did not show anxiety comorbidity to be an important risk factor for suicide attempts or completions.
Young children's perceptions and beliefs about hypothetical shy, unsociable, and socially avoidant peers at school
Authors: Zava Federica , Watanabe Lori K. , Sette Stefania , Baumgartner Emma , Laghi Fiorenzo , Coplan Robert J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore young children's perceptions, beliefs, and anticipated outcomes about different types of social withdrawal (shyness, unsociability, social avoidance). Participants were N = 212 children (n = 110 boys) aged 2.55–6.37 years (M = 4.86, SD = 0.89) recruited from three preschools and kindergartens in Italy. Children were interviewed individually and asked about hypothetical peers displaying different types of social withdrawal (i.e., shy, unsociable, socially avoidant) and for comparison purposes, aggressive and socially competent behaviors were also assessed. Among the three vignettes depicting types of withdrawn children, children rated the hypothetical shy peer as having the highest social motivations, the unsociable peer as receiving the least sympathy from others, and the avoidant peer as being the least intelligent and least liked by the teacher. In addition, girls reported wanting to play more with the shy peer than boys, and kindergarteners reported a higher affiliative preference for all subtypes of socially withdrawn peers than preschoolers. These findings suggest that Italian young children have a quite sophisticated ability to differentiate among the different social motivations and emotions that may underlie social withdrawal.
Performance assessment of nanoparticulate lime to accelerate the downward movement of calcium in acid soil
Authors: Abd El‐Halim A. A. , Omae Hide 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCalcium in conventional lime (CL) moves downward extremely slowly into the soil in the short term. To monitor the effects of using nanoparticulate lime (NL) in low affordable doses and in large doses on accelerating the downward movement of Ca in a simulated plough layer profile (0–25 cm), we ran a column leaching experiment with an acid soil with NL applied into the top 5 cm. The experiment evaluated a reference treatment (0 NL), three low doses of NL (8, 40 and 80 kg ha−1 = 0.02×, 0.1×, and 0.2× the NL needed to raise soil pH to 6.0 in the top 5 cm: NLRpH‐6), and two large doses (400 and 800 kg ha−1 = 1× and 2× NLRpH‐6). Over the short term (70 days), NL accelerated the downward movement of Ca, likely by mass flow of nanoparticles down soil micro‐ and macropores. Applying NL to the top 5 cm at 40 and 80 kg ha−1 was effective at increasing the downward movement of Ca and the neutralization of soil acidity (in terms of pH) to 20 cm depth, as well as rectifying Al toxicity (in terms of exchangeable Al) to ≤ the critical limit to 10 cm. NL at 80 kg ha−1 was most economically justified in terms of rectifying Al toxicity throughout the profile. Therefore, NL may introduce new and alternative application strategy that allowing lower rates of lime to be used and thereby offset economic constraints posed by high application rates.
Health economic implications of testing blood donors in South Africa for HTLV 1 & 2 infection
Authors: Vermeulen Marion , van den Berg Karin , Sykes Wendy , Reddy Ravi , Ingram Charlotte , Poole Colwyn , Custer Brian 
Published: May 2019

Background and ObjectivesCurrently, HTLV screening is not performed in South Africa (SA). This report describes an economic assessment (budget impact and cost‐effectiveness) of implementing different HTLV screening strategies.MethodsA modified version of the Alliance of Blood Operators risk‐based decision‐making framework was used to assess the risk and consequences of HTLV in the blood supply in SA. We developed a deterministic model of the cost and consequences of four screening strategies: none, universal, all donors once and first time donors only assuming a transfusion‐transmission (TT) efficiency of 10% and a manifestation of clinical disease of 6%.ResultsUnscreened blood results in 3·55 symptomatic TT‐HTLV cases and a total healthcare cost of Rand (R)3 446 950 (US Dollars (USD)229 800) annually. Universal screening would cost R24 000 000 (USD1 600 000) per annum and prevent 3·54 (99·8%) symptomatic TT‐HTLV cases in the first year and 0·55 (98·4%) symptomatic TT‐HTLV cases in the second year at a cost per TT‐HTLV prevented of R6 780 000 (USD450 000) in year one and R43 254 000 (USD2 890 000) in year two. Screening all donors once would cost R16,200,000 (USD1 080 000) or R4 600 000 (USD306 000) per symptomatic TT‐HTLV infection prevented in year one. Total costs decrease to R5 100 000 (USD340 000) in year 2 but the cost per TT‐HTLV prevented increases to R10 700 000 (USD713 333).ConclusionThis analysis contributed to the decision not to implement HTLV screening as the healthcare budget and particularly the budget for blood transfusion in SA is insufficient to provide appropriate treatment. Arguably, available resources can be more efficiently utilized in other healthcare programs.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Howard Nina 
Published: May 2019

International Journal of English and Cultural Studies (IJECS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether IJECS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 2, Number 1 Abdelhamid M. Ahmed, Helwan University, EgyptAli Dabbagh, Gonbad Kavous University, IranAlvaro Recio, University of Salamanca, SpainAna Costa Lopes, Higher School of Education of Viseu, Viseu Polytechnic Institute, PortugalChia-Cheng Lee, Portland State University, USAElena Orduna, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, SpainEllie Boyadzhieva, South-West University, Blagoevgrad, BulgariaEmmanuel Chibuzor Okereke, National Examinations Council, Enugu State Office, NigeriaFarzaneh Shakki, Islamic Azad University, IranGillian Steinberg, SAR High School, USAJerald Sagaya Nathan, St. Joseph’s College , IndiaJonah Uyieh, University of Lagos, NigeriaJoseph Hokororo Isamail, Institute of Judicial Administration Lushoto, TanzaniaKeeley Megan Buehler Hunter, Southern New Hampshire University, SwitzerlandLeo H. Aberion, NIVERSITY OF SAN JOSE-RECOLETOS, PHILIPPINESMałgorzata Podolak, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, PolandMariam Nemsadze, Akaki Tsereteli State University, GeorgiaMohammed Nasser, Wasit University, IraqNeil Mc.Caw, University of Winchester, UKNicolau Nkiawete Manuel , Agostinho Neto University, AngolaRaven Maragh, Gonzaga University, USAShashi Naidu, Ball State University, United StatesSilvia Pellicer-Ortín, University of Zaragoza, SpainStevanus Ngenget, Catholic University of De La Salle Manado, IndonesiaTorbjörn Lodén, Stockholm University, SwedenVasfiye Geckin, Bogazici University, TurkeyVesselina Anastasova Laskova, University of Udine, Italy Nina HowardEditorial AssistantInternational Journal of English and Cultural StudiesRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97006-6018, USAWebsite: http://ijecs.redfame.com
Gut microbiome identifies risk for colorectal polyps
Authors: Dadkhah Ezzat , Sikaroodi Masoumeh , Korman Louis , Hardi Robert , Baybick Jeffrey , Hanzel David , Kuehn Gregory , Kuehn Thomas , Gillevet Patrick M 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveTo characterise the gut microbiome in subjects with and without polyps and evaluate the potential of the microbiome as a non-invasive biomarker to screen for risk of colorectal cancer (CRC).DesignPresurgery rectal swab, home collected stool, and sigmoid biopsy samples were obtained from 231 subjects undergoing screening or surveillance colonoscopy. 16S rRNA analysis was performed on 552 samples (231 rectal swab, 183 stool, 138 biopsy) and operational taxonomic units (OTU) were identified using UPARSE. Non-parametric statistical methods were used to identify OTUs that were significantly different between subjects with and without polyps. These informative OTUs were then used to build classifiers to predict the presence of polyps using advanced machine learning models.ResultsWe obtained clinical data on 218 subjects (87 females, 131 males) of which 193 were White, 21 African-American, and 4 Asian-American. Colonoscopy detected polyps in 56% of subjects. Modelling of the non-invasive home stool samples resulted in a classification accuracy >75% for Naïve Bayes and Neural Network models using informative OTUs. A naïve holdout analysis performed on home stool samples resulted in an average false negative rate of 11.5% for the Naïve Bayes and Neural Network models, which was reduced to 5% when the two models were combined.ConclusionGut microbiome analysis combined with advanced machine learning represents a promising approach to screen patients for the presence of polyps, with the potential to optimise the use of colonoscopy, reduce morbidity and mortality associated with CRC, and reduce associated healthcare costs.
Validation of intracardiac shunt using thoracic bioimpedance and inert gas rebreathing in adults before and after percutaneous closure of atrial septal defect in a cardiology research unit: study protocol
Authors: Filaire Laura , Chalard Aurelie , Perrault Hélène , Trésorier Romain , Lusson Jean-René , Pereira Bruno , Costes Frederic , Dauphin Claire , Richard Ruddy 
Published: May 2019

IntroductionIntrathoracic shunt quantification is a major factor for appropriate clinical management of heart and pulmonary diseases. Intracardiac shunts quantified by pulmonary to systemic output ratio (Qp/Qs) are generally assessed by Doppler echocardiography, MRI or catheterisation. Recently, some authors have suggested the concomitant use of thoracic bioimpedance (TB) and inert gas rebreathing (IGR) techniques for shunt quantification. The purpose of this study is to validate the use of this approach under conditions where shunt fraction is directly quantified such as in patients with isolated atrial septal defect (ASD).Methods and analysisThis trial is a prospective, observational single-centre, non-blinded study of adults seen for percutaneous closure of ASD. Qp/Qs ratio will be directly measured by Doppler echocardiography and direct Fick. IGR and TB will be used simultaneously to measure the cardiac output before and after closure: the ratio of outputs measured by IGR and TB reflecting the shunt fraction. The primary outcome will be the comparison of shunt values measured by TB-IGR and Doppler echocardiography.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by an independent Research Ethics Committee (2017-A03149-44 Fr) and registered as an official clinical trial. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberNCT03437148; Pre-results.
Pedagogical strategies in teaching invasive prenatal procedures: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Nourallah Bekdache Gharid , Mylopoulos Maria , Kulasegaram Kulamkan Mahan , Windrim Rory 
Published: May 2019

IntroductionInvasive prenatal procedures (IPP) are core competencies in a Maternal–Fetal Medicine (MFM) fellowship training programme yet no standardised competency-based curriculum exists. This scoping review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the existing educational strategies for amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling, fetal blood sampling and intrauterine blood transfusion. The objective is also to describe current gaps in the literature regarding evidence-based standards for training and assessment in IPP. Finally, we hope to encourage medical educators who are seeking to develop curricula based on competence by design to foster adaptive expertise through incorporating contextual variations in their teaching thus helping future MFM specialists to handle challenges and respond creatively to changing clinical circumstances and environmental variations.Methods and analysisUsing the five-stage framework of Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review methodology as a guide, we will perform a systematic search in the Medline, Embase and Cochrane library databases to identify relevant studies on the educational strategies for IPP. We will include relevant English articles published after 1978. For a comprehensive search, we will explore websites and key journals, and hand-searched reference lists of key studies. Key studies are articles deemed relevant according to the specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. We will chart and sort data using a descriptive and thematic analysis approach.Ethics and disseminationThis review will be the first to examine all forms of pedagogical strategies used in training invasive fetal procedures. As an analysis of pre-existing available data in the literature, this scoping review does not require ethical approval. We anticipate that results will identify research gaps as well as novel ideas for education strategies and assessment. Findings from this study will be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed journal, medical education and clinical conferences, and in knowledge translation settings, aiming to improve clinical practice and quality of care.
Who is responsible for keeping children healthy? A qualitative exploration of the views of children aged 8–10 years old
Authors: Goldthorpe Joanna , Epton Tracy , Keyworth Chris , Calam Rachel , Armitage Christopher 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveThe issue of who is responsible for children’s physical health is complex, with implications for targeting and developing strategies for health promotion and interventions to improve health. While there is evidence to suggest that children are able to construct notions of responsibility in relation to other areas of their lives, very little research has explored children’s views of responsibility for their own health. The aim of this study was to explore children’s views about who they feel is responsible for keeping them healthy.DesignFocus groups were used to gather qualitative data using a semistructured topic guide. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used in an iterative, double hermeneutic approach to analyse the data.SettingFocus groups took place in two UK primary schools in deprived inner city areas.Participants20 children aged 8–10 years took part in one of two focus groups (10 children in each group).ResultsThree overarching themes were identified: (1) individual and collective responsibility, (2) marketing and conflict with taking responsibility, and (3) what people and organisations can do to help children to take responsibility. Children feel that they, parents, families, school staff, medical professionals, food producers, retail outlets, supermarkets, advertisers and the government are all responsible for their health and should thus demonstrate responsibility through their behaviours around children’s health.Conclusions and implicationsChildren’s views were consistent with constructs of responsibility as both a moral obligation and a set of behaviours, and with wider sociopolitical philosophies of individual and collective responsibility. These findings further support a focus on integrated, system-wide approaches to children’s health.
Impact of cardiac resynchronisation therapy on burden of hospitalisations and survival: a retrospective observational study in the Northern Region of New Zealand
Authors: Looi Khang-Li , Lever Nigel , Gavin Andrew , Doughty Robert 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveCardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) devices have been shown to improve heart failure (HF) symptoms, survival and improve quality of life (QoL). We evaluated the overall impact of CRT on recurrent hospitalisations and survival in real-world patients with HF.DesignRetrospective observational study.SettingNorthern region of New Zealand.ParticipantsPatients with HF who underwent CRT device implantation in between 2008 and 2014 were followed up for 1 year.InterventionsCRT.Primary and secondary outcomes measuredSurvival, all-cause hospitalisations, length of stay, from which days alive and out of hospital (DAOH) were calculated.Results177patients were included, of whom eight died (4.5%) within 1 year of follow-up. Pre-CRT implantation, 83% of all patients had been hospitalised for a total 248 hospitalisation events. Following CRT, 47 patients (27%) were readmitted to hospital within 1 year (total of 98 admissions; p<0.01 compared with pre-device implant). Length of hospital stay was significantly shorter than in the year prior to CRT implantation at a median of 4 (IQR 2–6) vs 7 (IQR 3.5–10.5) days (p=0.03). An increase in the median number of DAOH was observed from 362 (IQR 355–364) to 365 (IQR 364–365) (p<0.01) after CRT implant. The improvement in DAOH was seen regardless of gender and type of CRT devices. Greater DAOH was also seen in those with non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy and Caucasians.ConclusionAfter CRT implant, patients with HF have greater DAOH with reduction of total hospitalisation and fewer hospital days. These results support CRT devices use as a treatment option for appropriate HF patients. DAOH represents an easily measured, patient-centred endpoint that may reflect effectiveness of interventions in future CRT studies.
Prevalence, clinical relevance and predictive factors of medication discrepancies revealed by medication reconciliation at hospital admission: prospective study in a Swiss internal medicine ward
Authors: Giannini Olivier , Rizza Nicole , Pironi Michela , Parlato Saida , Waldispühl Suter Brigitte , Borella Paola , Pagnamenta Alberto , Fishman Liat , Ceschi Alessandro 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveMedication reconciliation (MedRec) is a relevant safety procedure in medication management at transitions of care. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of MedRec, including abest possible medication history(BPMH) compared with a standard medication history in patients admitted to an internal medicine ward.DesignProspective interventional study. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics followed by univariate and multivariate Poisson regression models and a zero-inflated Poisson regression model.SettingInternal medicine ward in a secondary care hospital in Southern Switzerland.ParticipantsThe first 100 consecutive patients admitted in an internal medicine ward.Primary and secondary outcome measuresMedication discrepancies between the medication list obtained by the physician and that obtained by a pharmacist according to a systematic approach (BPMH) were collected, quantified and assessed by an expert panel that assigned a severity score. The same procedure was applied to discrepancies regarding allergies. Predicting factors for medication discrepancies were identified.ResultsThe median of medications per patient was 8 after standard medication history and 11 after BPMH. Total admission discrepancies were 524 (5.24 discrepancies per patient) with at least 1 discrepancy per patient. For 47 patients, at least one discrepancy was classified as clinically relevant. Discrepancies were classified as significant and serious in 19% and 2% of cases, respectively. Furthermore, 67% of the discrepancies were detected during the interview conducted by the pharmacist with the patients and/or their caregivers. The number of drugs used and the autonomous management of home therapy were associated with an increased number of clinically relevant discrepancies in a multivariable Poisson regression model.ConclusionEven in an advanced healthcare system, a standardised MedRec process including a BPMH represents an important strategy that may contribute to avoid a notable number of clinically relevant discrepancies and potential adverse drug events.
Evidence-based intervention to reduce avoidable hospital admissions in care home residents (the Better Health in Residents in Care Homes (BHiRCH) study): protocol for a pilot cluster randomised trial
Authors: Sampson Elizabeth L , Feast Alexandra , Blighe Alan , Froggatt Katherine , Hunter Rachael , Marston Louise , McCormack Brendan , Nurock Shirley , Panca Monica , Powell Catherine , Rait Greta , Robinson Louise , Woodward-Carlton Barbara , Young John , Downs Murna 
Published: May 2019

IntroductionAcute hospital admission is distressing for care home residents. Ambulatory care sensitive conditions, such as respiratory and urinary tract infections, are conditions that can cause unplanned hospital admission but may have been avoidable with timely detection and intervention in the community. The Better Health in Residents in Care Homes (BHiRCH) programme has feasibility tested and will pilot a multicomponent intervention to reduce these avoidable hospital admissions. The BHiRCH intervention comprises an early warning tool for noting changes in resident health, a care pathway (clinical guidance and decision support system) and a structured method for communicating with primary care, adapted for use in the care home. We use practice development champions to support implementation and embed changes in care.Methods and analysisCluster randomised pilot trial to test study procedures and indicate whether a further definitive trial is warranted. Fourteen care homes with nursing (nursing homes) will be randomly allocated to intervention (delivered at nursing home level) or control groups. Two nurses from each home become Practice Development Champions trained to implement the intervention, supported by a practice development support group. Data will be collected for 3 months preintervention, monthly during the 12-month intervention and 1 month after. Individual-level data includes resident, care partner and staff demographics, resident functional status, service use and quality of life (for health economic analysis) and the extent to which staff perceive the organisation supports person centred care. System-level data includes primary and secondary health services contacts (ie, general practitioner and hospital admissions). Process evaluation assesses intervention acceptability, feasibility, fidelity, ease of implementation in practice and study procedures (ie, consent and recruitment rates).Ethics and disseminationApproved by Research Ethics Committee and the UK Health Research Authority. Findings will be disseminated via academic and policy conferences, peer-reviewed publications and social media (eg, Twitter).Trial registration numberISRCTN74109734; Pre-results.