bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Argo Observations of the Deep Mixing Band in the Southern Ocean: A Salinity Modeling Challenge
Authors: DuVivier Alice K. , Large William G. , Small R. Justin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe Southern Ocean plays an important role in mediating oceanic uptake of CO2 and heat due to a strong meridional overturning circulation. Gridded Argo float data for 2004–2017 were used to evaluate subsurface processes at the mixed layer depth (MLD) that occur in a narrow deep mixing band. Shifts in the value of the Turner Angle at the MLD indicate that early in the season the MLD deepens slowly as it encounters and is stabilized by a subsurface salt maximum. By September mixing has penetrated this salinity feature and the rate of deepening is faster once the MLD is deeper than the depth where the maximum salinity occurs (~150–200 m). This distinctive salinity layer is the result of surface Ekman transport of fresh water from the south and subsurface advection of high‐salinity water from the north. Two configurations of the Community Earth System Model (CESM) ocean‐ice forced hindcast experiments—one with 1° and the other with 0.1° horizontal resolution (Parallel Ocean Program low and high resolutions [POP‐LR and POP‐HR], respectively)—are compared with the Argo data for 2005–2009. POP‐LR has a shallow MLD bias common to many Fifth Coupled Models Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) models, while POP‐HR has a mix of deep and shallow MLD biases. While both models were able to replicate the large‐scale processes leading to formation of a high‐salinity layer, the salinity feature in POP‐HR is too strong and deep. Neither model was able to replicate the vertical mixing processes leading to penetration of the subsurface salt maximum.
Gut bacterial and fungal communities in ground-dwelling beetles are associated with host food habit and habitat
Authors: Kudo Rina , Masuya Hayato , Endoh Rikiya , Kikuchi Taisei , Ikeda Hiroshi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBeetles (Coleoptera) have the highest species diversity among all orders, and they have diverse food habits. Gut microbes may have contributed to this diversification of food habits. Here, we identified the pattern of the relationship between ground-dwelling beetles and their gut microbial communities (bacteria and fungi) in the field. We collected 46 beetle species of five families from secondary deciduous forests and grasslands in Japan and extracted microbial DNA from whole guts for amplicon sequencing. The gut bacterial and fungal communities differed among all habitats and all food habits of their hosts (carnivores, herbivores, omnivores, and scavengers) except for the fungal communities between carnivores and scavengers. Specifically, the abundant bacterial group varied among food habits: Xanthomonadaceae were abundant in scavengers, whereas Enterobacteriaceae were abundant in carnivores and herbivores. Phylogenetically closely related beetles had phylogenetically similar communities of Enterobacteriaceae, suggesting that the community structure of this family is related to the evolutionary change in beetle ecology. One of the fungal groups, Yarrowia species, which has been reported to have a symbiotic relationship with silphid beetles, was also detected from various carnivorous beetles. Our results suggest that the symbiotic relationships between ground-dwelling beetles and these microbes are widespread.
Point-of-Care Screening for a Current Hepatitis C Virus Infection: Influence on Uptake of a Concomitant Offer of HIV Screening
Authors: Geretti Anna Maria , Austin Harrison , Villa Giovanni , Hungerford Dan , Smith Colette , Davies Paula , Williams Jillian , Beloukas Apostolos , Sawicki Wojciech , Hopkins Mark 
Published: October 2018

AbstractEliminating hepatitis C as a public health threat requires an improved understanding of how to increase testing uptake. We piloted point-of-care testing (POCT) for a current HCV infection in an inner-city Emergency Department (ED) and assessed the influence on uptake of offering concomitant screening for HIV. Over four months, all adults attending ED with minor injuries were first invited to complete an anonymous questionnaire then invited to test in alternating cycles offering HCV POCT or HCV+HIV POCT. Viral RNA was detected in finger-prick blood by GeneXpert. 814/859 (94.8%) questionnaires were returned and 324/814 (39.8%) tests were accepted, comprising 211 HCV tests and 113 HCV+HIV tests. Offering concomitant HIV screening reduced uptake after adjusting for age and previous HCV testing (odds ratio 0.51; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.38–0.68; p < 0.001). HCV prevalence was 1/324 (0.31%; 95% CI 0.05–1.73); no participant tested positive for HIV. 167/297 (56.2%) POCT participants lived in the most deprived neighbourhoods in England. HCV RNA testing using finger-prick blood was technically feasible. Uptake was moderate and the offer of concomitant HIV screening showed a detrimental impact on acceptability in this low prevalence population. The findings should be confirmed in a variety of other community settings.
3D-cultured human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cell spheroids enhance ovary function by inducing folliculogenesis
Authors: Kim Tae-Hee , Choi Jong Ho , Jun Yesl , Lim Seung Mook , Park Sohae , Paek Jin-Young , Lee Sang-Hoon , Hwang Ji-Young , Kim Gi Jin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPlacenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PD-MSCs) have numerous advantages over other adult MSCs that make them an attractive cell source for regenerative medicine. Here, we demonstrate the therapeutic effect of PD-MSCs in ovariectomized (Ovx) rats and compare their efficacy when generated via a conventional monolayer culture system (2D, naïve) and a spheroid culture system (3D, spheroid). PD-MSC transplantation significantly increased the estradiol level in Ovx rats compared with the non-transplantation (NTx) group. In particular, the estradiol level in the Spheroid group was significantly higher than that in the Naïve group at 2 weeks. Spheroid PD-MSCs exhibited a significantly higher efficiency of engraftment onto ovarian tissues at 2 weeks. The mRNA and protein expression levels of Nanos3, Nobox, and Lhx8 were also significantly increased in the Spheroid group compared with those in the NTx group at 1 and 2 weeks. These results suggest that PD-MSC transplantation can restore ovarian function in Ovx rats by increasing estrogen production and enhancing folliculogenesis-related gene expression levels and further indicate that spheroid-cultured PD-MSCs have enhanced therapeutic potential via increased engraftment efficiency. These findings improve our understanding of stem-cell-based therapies for reproductive systems and may suggest new avenues for developing efficient therapies using 3D cultivation systems.
Novel small molecules affecting cell membrane as potential therapeutics for avian pathogenic Escherichia coli
Authors: Kathayat Dipak , Helmy Yosra A. , Deblais Loic , Rajashekara Gireesh 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAvian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), a most common bacterial pathogen of poultry, causes multiple extra-intestinal diseases in poultry which results in significant economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. In addition, APEC are a subgroup of extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC), and APEC contaminated poultry products are a potential source of foodborne ExPEC infections to humans and transfer of antimicrobial resistant genes. The emergence of multi-drug resistant APEC strains and the limited efficacy of vaccines necessitate novel APEC control approaches. Here, we screened a small molecule (SM) library and identified 11 SMs bactericidal to APEC. The identified SMs were effective against multiple APEC serotypes, biofilm embedded APEC, antimicrobials resistant APECs, and other pathogenic E. coli strains. Microscopy revealed that these SMs affect the APEC cell membrane. Exposure of SMs to APEC revealed no resistance. Most SMs showed low toxicity towards chicken and human cells and reduced the intracellular APEC load. Treatment with most SMs extended the wax moth larval survival and reduced the intra-larval APEC load. Our studies could facilitate the development of antimicrobial therapeutics for the effective management of APEC infections in poultry as well as other E. coli related foodborne zoonosis, including APEC related ExPEC infections in humans.
Behavioral facilitation and increased brain responses from a high interference working memory context
Authors: Samrani George , Marklund Petter , Engström Lisa , Broman Daniel , Persson Jonas 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMany real-life situations require flexible behavior in changing environments. Evidence suggests that anticipation of conflict or task difficulty results in behavioral and neural allocation of task-relevant resources. Here we used a high- and low-interference version of an item-recognition task to examine the neurobehavioral underpinnings of context-sensitive adjustment in working memory (WM). We hypothesized that task environments that included high-interference trials would require participants to allocate neurocognitive resources to adjust to the more demanding task context. The results of two independent behavioral experiments showed enhanced WM performance in the high-interference context, which indicated that a high-interference context improves performance on non-interference trials. A third behavioral experiment showed that when WM load was increased, this effect was no longer significant. Neuroimaging results further showed greater engagement of inferior frontal gyrus, striatum, parietal cortex, hippocampus, and midbrain in participants performing the task in the high- than in the low-interference context. This effect could arise from an active or dormant mode of anticipation that seems to engage fronto-striatal and midbrain regions to flexibly adjust resources to task demands. Our results extend the model of conflict adaptation beyond trial-to-trial adjustments by showing that a high interference context affects both behavioral and biological aspects of cognition.
Limits of Detection of Gravimetric Signals on Earth
Authors: Rosat S. , Hinderer J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractGravimetry is a well-established tool to probe the deep Earth’s processes. Geophysical signals coming from the deep Earth, like the inner core free oscillations, have however never been detected. Challenging quests raise the question of the limits of detection of elusive signals at the Earth’s surface. Knowledge of the instrumental limits and of the environmental noise level at a site is fundamental to judge the true sensitivity of an instrument. We perform a noise level comparison of various gravimeters and a long-period seismometer at the J9 gravimetric observatory of Strasbourg (France) to provide a reference of instrumental performances. We then apply a three-channel correlation analysis of time-varying surface gravity from superconducting gravimeter records to isolate the instrumental self-noise from the environmental noise. The self-noise coherence analysis shows that the instrumental noise level remains flat towards lower frequencies till 10−4 Hz. At seismic frequencies, the self-noise is well explained by a Brownian thermal noise model. At daily and sub-daily time-scales, self-noise is increasing with the period but to a much lesser extent than observed noise level. Observed Earth’s ambient noise level at sub-seismic frequencies is hence mostly due to unmodeled geophysical processes. At hourly time-scales, our ability to detect elusive signals coming from the deep Earth’s interior is not limited by the instrument capability but is mostly due to the environmental effects.
Wartelistenführung und Organvermittlung zur Lungentransplantation 2018 – Aktuelles für den Pneumologen
Authors: Kümmel A. , Witt C. , Schramm R. , Wenker M. , Buhl R. , Gottlieb J. 
Published: October 2018

ZusammenfassungDie gesetzliche Grundlage der Allokation und Wartelistenführung zur Lungentransplantation wurde 2017 novelliert. Durch die aktuelle Richtlinie ergeben sich für die Transplantationszentren wichtige Änderungen. Wesentliche Neuerungen der Richtlinie betreffen die Transplantationskonferenz, die Indikationen zum Verfahren und die Führung der Warteliste zur Organtransplantation. In bestimmten klinischen Konstellationen ist die Aufnahme von Patienten nun beschränkt, und es gibt neue Regeln zur Größenkompatibilität von Spenderlunge und Empfänger. Zudem wird im Detail beschrieben, wie die Parameter, die dem Lung Allocation Score (LAS) zugrunde liegen, definiert sind inkl. der Durchführung der hierfür notwendigen Untersuchungen. Darüber hinaus gibt der vorliegende Artikel einen Überblick über die Organzuteilung durch die Vermittlungsstelle.
Oophoropexy to the Round Ligament after Recurrent Adnexal Torsion
Authors: Gonçalves Inês Sarmento , Sampaio Joana , Félix Joana , Silva Ana Catarina , Fornelos Gisela , Silva Pedro Tiago 
Published: October 2018

Recurrent adnexal torsion is a rare gynecological emergency. We report a case of recurrent ipsilateral adnexal torsion in a woman with polycystic ovaries, previously submitted to a laparoscopic plication of the utero-ovarian ligament. Due to the recurrence after the plication of the utero-ovarian ligament, the authors performed a laparoscopic oophoropexy to the round ligament, which is an underreported procedure. The patient was asymptomatic for 1 year, after which she had a new recurrence and needed a unilateral laparoscopic adnexectomy. Since then, she regained the quality of life without any gynecological symptoms.Oophoropexy to the round ligament may be considered when other techniques fail or, perhaps, as a first option in selected cases of adnexal torsion, as it may allow the prevention of recurrence without increasing morbidity while preserving the adnexa.
Anatomopathological Assessment of the Diaphragm in Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Sections
Authors: Nucci Ricardo , Jacob-Filho Wilson , Busse Alexandre , Maifrino Laura , de Souza Romeu 
Published: October 2018

Introduction The analysis of frozen muscle biopsies has become a routine method in the evaluation of muscle structure in health and disease. However, the technique for frozen muscle specimens is not widely available in countries with limited medical facilities. The present study aimed to elucidate a reproducible formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) method for this type of analysis in postmortem muscles.
Methods Diaphragm muscle was obtained within 1 hour of sudden death. Diaphragm strips were washed in saline solution, fixed in 10% formalin, frozen at 4°C in a refrigerator, and stored for 24 hours. Then, the tissue samples were processed into paraffin-embedded blocks. Transversal sections were cut from each paraffin block and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Picrosirius red, Verhoeff-Van Gieson, and Congo red for the qualitative analysis.
Results Our analysis indicated a well-preserved muscle.
Conclusion In summary, we demonstrate a simple technique for a reproducible FFPE method in postmortem muscle tissues.
Fetal Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy and Histologic Diagnosis of Spongy Myocardium: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Nappi Luigi , Vasciaveo Lorenzo , Sorrentino Felice , Scutiero Gennaro , Iannone Piergiorgio , Greco Pantaleo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractNoncompaction cardiomyopathy (NCCM) and left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC), in their isolated form, are rare cardiomyopathies. They are characterized by a thickened myocardium due to the presence of deep trabeculae recesses, and to thick trabeculae. This condition is associated with a variable clinical phenotype including heart failure, thromboembolism, and sudden death. We report a case of LVNC at 26 weeks and 4 days of gestation revised on the basis of what is currently reported in the literature. A review of the literature was performed to better describe this rare condition. Left ventricular noncompaction is a rare fetal condition and it should be suspected in case of cardiomyopathy.
Thermodynamic favorability and pathway yield as evolutionary tradeoffs in biosynthetic pathway choice
Authors: Du Bin , Zielinski Daniel C. , Monk Jonathan M. , Palsson Bernhard O. 
Published: October 2018

Significance
The metabolic diversity across the tree of life has become increasingly apparent with the growing availability of sequenced genomes and annotations. The basis for such metabolic diversity in organisms is not understood. Here, we evaluate alternative pathways in amino acid biosynthesis from a standpoint of tradeoff between thermodynamic favorability and cofactor-use efficiency. Using 5,203 sequenced genomes and available metabolic network reconstructions, we found evidence that this tradeoff affects pathway choice, which can be related to organism lifestyle. Given the fundamental importance of metabolism on organism survival and adaptation, such choices help us reveal the impact of selection pressures and may ultimately have fundamental implications for our understanding of the phylogenetic tree.
Re-reading Anscombe on ‘I’
Authors: Stainton Robert J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAccording to a ‘Straight’ reading of Elizabeth Anscombe’s (1975) ‘The First Person’, she holds a radically non-referring view of ‘I’. Specifically, ‘I’ is analogous to the expletive ‘it’ in ‘It’s raining’. I argue that this is not her conclusion. Her substantive view, rather is that if what you mean by ‘reference’ is a certain rich and recherché notion tracing to Frege, then ‘I’ is not a referring term. Her methodological point is that one shouldn’t be ‘bewitched by language’ into thinking that ‘I’, because of its syntax, must exhibit ‘reference’ in this sense.
Energy Ecological Footprint Changes and Its Influencing Factors at the Provincial Scale in China
Authors: Wang Tao 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The energy ecological footprint is an important theory and method for quantitative measurement of the coordinated development of the socio-economic-ecological environment. This research indicated the following: (1) the energy ecological footprints of China and the provinces showed significant linear increases (except Beijing). China’s economy developed rapidly over 1999-2015, but the economic development had a high dependence on energy consumption, which induced an increase in the energy ecological footprint. Optimizing industrial structure and reducing energy consumption are effective ways to reduce the energy ecological footprint. (2) Forest land was the most important land use type for per capita energy ecological footprint capacity, accounting for 50% or more of the total. The energy ecological footprints of China and the provinces were mainly in a state of deficit, and only Sichuan, Qinghai, Guangxi, Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang were in surplus. In addition, the ecological pressure in the eastern developed provinces was higher than in the central provinces, and the lowest pressure was in the west. (3) The energy ecological footprint of China and the provinces was mainly affected by the secondary industry output value, followed by population, total investment in fixed assets, and then the tertiary and primary industry output values. The results showed that reduction of industrial energy consumption is still the main issue for addressing carbon emissions in China.
The GABA Developmental Shift Is Abolished by Maternal Immune Activation Already at Birth
Authors: Fernandez Amandine , Dumon Camille , Guimond Damien , Tyzio Roman , Bonifazi Paolo , Lozovaya Natalia , Burnashev Nail , Ferrari Diana C , Ben-Ari Yehezkel 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Epidemiological and experimental studies suggest that maternal immune activation (MIA) leads to developmental brain disorders, but whether the pathogenic mechanism impacts neurons already at birth is not known. We now report that MIA abolishes in mice the oxytocin-mediated delivery γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) shift from depolarizing to hyperpolarizing in CA3 pyramidal neurons, and this is restored by the NKCC1 chloride importer antagonist bumetanide. Furthermore, MIA hippocampal pyramidal neurons at birth have a more exuberant apical arbor organization and increased apical dendritic length than age-matched controls. The frequency of spontaneous glutamatergic postsynaptic currents is also increased in MIA offspring, as well as the pairwise correlation of the synchronized firing of active cells in CA3. These alterations produced by MIA persist, since at P14–15 GABA action remains depolarizing, produces excitatory action, and network activity remains elevated with a higher frequency of spontaneous glutamatergic postsynaptic currents. Therefore, the pathogenic actions of MIA lead to important morphophysiological and network alterations in the hippocampus already at birth.
Integrated, Co-located, Telemedicine-based Treatment Approaches for Hepatitis C Virus Management in Opioid Use Disorder Patients on Methadone
Authors: Talal Andrew H , Andrews Phyllis , Mcleod Anthony , Chen Yang , Sylvester Clewert , Markatou Marianthi , Brown Lawrence S 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
Despite high hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence, opioid use disorder (OUD) patients on methadone rarely engage in HCV treatment. We investigated the effectiveness of HCV management via telemedicine in an opioid substitution therapy (OST) program.

Methods
OUD patients on methadone underwent biweekly telemedicine sessions between a hepatologist and physician assistant during the entire HCV treatment course. All pretreatment labs (HCV RNA, genotype, and noninvasive fibrosis assessments) were obtained onsite and direct-acting antivirals were coadministered with methadone using modified directly observed therapy. We used multiple correspondence analysis, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, and logistic regression to identify variables associated with pursuit of HCV care.

Results
Sixty-two HCV RNA–positive patients (24% human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] infected, 61% male, 61% African American, 25.8% Hispanic) were evaluated. All patients were stabilized on methadone and all except 4 were HCV genotype 1 infected. Advanced fibrosis/cirrhosis was present in 34.5% of patients. Of the 45 treated patients, 42 (93.3%) achieved viral eradication. Of 17 evaluated patients who were not treated, 5 were discontinued from the drug treatment program or did not follow up after the evaluation, 2 had HIV adherence issues, and 10 had insurance authorization issues. Marriage and a mental health diagnosis other than depression were the strongest positive predictors of treatment pursuit, whereas being divorced, separated, or widowed was the strongest negative predictor.

Conclusions
HCV management via telemedicine integrated into an OST program is a feasible model with excellent virologic effectiveness. Psychosocial and demographic variables can assist in identification of subgroups with a propensity or aversion to pursue HCV treatment.