bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parent–child communication and self‐esteem mediate the relationship between interparental conflict and children's depressive symptoms
Authors: Ying Liuhua , Zhou Huayi , Yu Shasha , Chen Chuansheng , Jia Xuji , Wang Yanli , Lin Chongde 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundPrevious research has paid little attention to the series mediating effect of parent–child communication and self‐esteem in the relationship between interparental conflict and child outcomes, although several other mechanisms have been found to involve in this relationship. Thus, the purpose of the present study is to test these two factors' serial mediation of the relationship between interparental conflict and children's depressive symptoms in a sample of migrant children in China.MethodsFour hundred thirty‐seven participants from two public schools for migrant children in Zhejiang Province, China, were administered four measures including the Children's Perceptions of Interparental Conflict Scale, the Parent–child Communication Questionnaire, the Global Self‐esteem Scale, and the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale for Children.ResultsResults showed that interparental conflict was positively related to depressive symptoms in migrant children, which was partially and serially mediated by parent–child communication and self‐esteem in that order.ConclusionsParent–child communication and self‐esteem play potential roles in the relationship between interparental conflict and depressive symptoms of migrant children in China. This finding has important implications for psychological service providers working with this group of children or children in similar situations.
Consumption frequency of added sugars and UK children's dental caries
Authors: Hong Jialan , Whelton Helen , Douglas Gail , Kang Jing 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo examine the association between consumption frequency of foods and drinks with added sugar and dental caries experience in the permanent teeth of 12‐ and 15‐year‐old children in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, using the Children's Dental Health Survey 2013 (CDHS) data.MethodsFour thousand nine hundred and fifty children aged 12 and 15 have the following information available: daily consumption frequency of foods and drinks with added sugar, tooth‐brushing frequency, dental attendance, and water‐drinking frequency. The children's dental caries experience was available as a DMFT score (number of decayed, missing, filled permanent teeth). A zero‐inflated negative binomial model (ZINB) was used to fit the DMFT score.ResultsLower socioeconomic status (SES), nonregular dental check‐ups, and low water‐drinking frequency were associated with higher consumption frequency of added sugar (all P < 0.05). The consumption frequency of both drinks and foods with added sugar also differed by region (P < 0.001), and children who more frequently consumed foods with added sugars also consumed drinks with added sugars more often (P < 0.001). Using the Zero‐Inflated Negative Binomial model, DMFT scores were not associated with consumption frequency of added sugars for children with caries (DMFT > 0), but the chance of being free of obvious caries (DMFT = 0) was lower for children with high frequency (≥4) of sugar‐added foods than for children reported to have a sugar‐free diet (OR = 0.5, 95% CI [0.3, 0.8]).ConclusionsConsumption frequency of added sugars was associated with dental caries and a number of child demographic and lifestyle characteristics. Children who consume foods and drinks with added sugar more frequently are more likely to develop dental caries, but higher consumption frequency of drinking water in fluoridated areas might reduce dental caries. The findings add to the evidence for the association between children's dental caries and added sugar consumption.
The old, the new, and the in‐between: Preadolescents’ use of stylistic variation in speech in projecting their own identity in a culturally changing environment
Authors: Jacewicz Ewa , Fox Robert A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCultural learning begins early, with infants’ and young children's initial imitations of group‐specific local behaviors. Comparatively little is known about cultural development in older children, whose more advanced socio‐cognitive skills can moderate their decisions about adherence to the established cultural conventions and acceptance of new norms. Focusing on the acquisition of a regional dialect, the current study was conducted in a small community in western North Carolina, whose rich Appalachian heritage grew from distinctive cultural and living traditions. The region has gradually opened up to outside influences and the local culture is now shifting toward mainstream American socio‐cultural norms. The study sought to determine how preadolescents positioned themselves in this socio‐culturally changing environment. Using detailed acoustic analysis to measure stylistic variation in speech in 9–12‐year‐olds and perceptual ratings to verify its salience, we examined the pronunciation of the vowel /ai/ to test children's adherence to the old Appalachian identity marker (the monophthong) and their acceptance of the modern American society (the diphthong). As an innovation, children created an intermediate phonetic variant that reduced the pronunciation differences between the old and modern patterns. Demonstrating the ability to adapt speech style to context, they increased the degree of diphthongization in this /ai/‐variant in careful speech (reading), and reduced it in casual conversations. Girls’ productions were more diphthongal than were boys’ in reading but not in conversations. The new variant in children represents regional dialect levelling, and likely results from their accommodation to the changing environment, which promotes reduction of old marked forms.
Predictors of employment in young adults with psychiatric work disability
Authors: Joensuu Matti , Mattila‐Holappa Pauliina , Ahola Kirsi , Kivimäki Mika , Tuisku Katinka , Koskinen Aki , Vahtera Jussi , Virtanen Marianna 
Published: August 2018

AimMental disorders are the leading cause of work disability among young adults in the industrialized world. Factors predicting employment after long‐term psychiatric work disability are largely unknown.MethodsWe linked personal and clinical information from the benefit applications and medical certificates of 1163 young adults (18‐34 years) with a new‐onset fixed‐term psychiatric disability pension in 2008 with employment records between 2005 and 2013. The outcomes were starting employment during and being employed at the end of follow‐up.ResultsOf the participants, 48% had been employed during and 22% were employed at the end of follow‐up. Sustained employment history, university education (master's degree) and no recorded psychological symptoms in childhood were associated with both subsequent employment outcomes. Women and participants under 25 years were more likely to start employment. Depression and other mental disorders (vs psychotic diagnose) and having no comorbid mental disorders or substance abuse were associated with employment at the end of follow‐up.ConclusionsSustained employment history, university education and no recorded psychological symptoms during childhood predict a return to employment among young adults after a fixed‐term psychiatric work disability pension. Pro‐active interventions in psychological problems during childhood could enhance employment after a period of work disability.
Decreased vesicular acetylcholine transporter related to memory deficits in epilepsy: A [18F] VAT positron emission tomography brain imaging study
Authors: Wu Xu‐Qing , Zhao Ya‐Nan , Ding Jing , Si Zhan , Cheng Deng‐Feng , Shi Hong‐Cheng , Wang Xin 
Published: August 2018

SummaryObjectiveVesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) is a rate‐limiting factor for synaptic acetylcholine transport. Our study focused on whether [18F] VAT, a novel positron emission tomography (PET) tracer, could be used in detecting cognitive deficits in epilepsy.MethodsMorris water maze test was used to evaluate learning and memory deficits in pilocarpine‐induced chronic epilepsy rats 12 weeks after status epilepticus. Interictal [18F] VAT PET was performed 13 weeks after status epilepticus to evaluate the level of VAChT in cholinergic pathways compared with [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose PET. The association between VAChT levels and memory measures was analyzed. Neuropathological tests were performed.ResultsEpileptic rats exhibited significant memory deficits in Morris water maze test. [18F] VAT uptake decreased in septum, hippocampus, thalamus, and basal forebrain, and correlated to memory function. Of note, the level of VAChT in basal forebrain significantly decreased, yet no glucose hypometabolism was detected. Immunofluorescence and Western blot demonstrated decreased expression of VAChT in hippocampus and basal forebrain in the epilepsy group, but no change of expression of acetyltransferase or activity of acetylcholinesterase was detected.Significance[18F] VAT PET is a promising method to test the level of VAChT as a valuable biomarker for memory deficits in pilocarpine‐induced chronic epileptic rats.
The exercise of human rights and citizenship by older adults with an intellectual disability in Ireland
Authors: McCausland D. , McCallion P. , Brennan D. , McCarron M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) provides the benchmark for assessing human rights and citizenship for people with disabilities. This emphasises autonomy, choice, independence, equality and participation for individuals as its fundamental guiding principles.MethodsThis paper explores the exercise of human rights and citizenship for older adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) in Ireland, including choice‐making, advocacy and political participation. Cross‐sectional data (n = 701) is drawn from wave 2 of the Intellectual Disability Supplement to The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing. Rates of participation are reported, along with bivariate associations across a range of demographic, personal and social variables, while factors associated with level of choice‐making and voting are explored.ResultsWe found very low rates of choice‐making, advocacy and political participation amongst this population. Two factors of choice were explored: key life choice and everyday choice. Some commonalities were identified between the two factors, yet key differences were also noted. Type of residence was the strongest predictor of key life choice yet not significant in everyday choice, while the reverse was true for functioning in activities of daily living. Other factors were also significant in determining choice, including level of ID, contact with family, functional limitation, literacy, age, having friends and respondent type.ConclusionsLow rates of participation reported here impinge on the rights of older adults with ID under the principles of the UN CRPD. Choice‐making emerged as a multi‐factorial phenomenon, with different factors important depending on the type of choice involved. This encourages a nuanced and personalised response from policy and support services to overcome individual challenges to participation as equal citizens. The significance of respondent type also highlights the difficulty of including self‐report, supported and proxy participants in ID research.
Structural changes of hair shaft after application of chemical hair straighteners: Clinical and histopathological study
Authors: Sanad Eman M. , El‐Esawy Fatma M. , Mustafa Amany I. , Agina Hala A. 
Published: August 2018

SummaryBackgroundChemical hair straightening becomes popular for managing frizzy hair. Keratin in hair care products can penetrate the cortex of the hair fiber improving the mechanical properties of damaged fibers and promote a surface coating that prevents or decreases water diffusion through the hair fibers. This may have beneficial effects on the hair structure; however, the side effects and safety of this treatment have not yet been completely evaluated.AimsTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of chemical hair straightening application on the hair shaft.Subjects and MethodsThirty female subjects older than 15 years with hair curl types III–V were included. They were subjected to full history taking and dermatologic examination of hair and scalp prior to and after application of chemical hair straightener. To detect the presence of transverse fissures, split ends, or possible side effects, the distal 3‐5 cm of hair fibers were cut before and after the last step of chemical hair straightener application for light microscopy examination. Three randomly selected samples were examined by transmission electron microscope.ResultsChemical hair straightening led to significant decrease in the degree of hair curl and increased hair smoothness and shine. The treated hair fibers showed significant repair of the broken cuticle (P < 0.001), while no significant improvement was observed regarding transverse fissures or split ends (P 0.60 and 0.74, respectively).ConclusionAlthough chemical hair straightening application has a beneficial effect on hair shafts, some side effects may occur after. Hence, it is necessary to develop a more safe tool.
Orthognathic surgery Deteriorates the osseointegration of dental implants: A propensity‐matched multicentre cohort study
Authors: Kim Jin‐Woo , Lee Ho , Lim Ho‐Kyung , Kim Ju‐Won , Byun Soo‐Hwan , Choi Young‐Jun , Lee Ui‐Lyong 
Published: August 2018

SummaryThis study aimed to investigate the possible influence of the regional acceleratory phenomenon (RAP) on dental implant osseointegration. Orthognathic surgery was set as an intervention for RAP, and a multicentre cohort study of two groups was undertaken. Group O included patients with single implant placement at least 4 months after orthognathic surgery and functional loading for more than 1 year, while controls (Group C) were without any major surgery. Clinical and radiographic assessments of implants, including changes in marginal bone levels, were analysed at baseline, 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐up. Bivariate analysis of two groups with propensity score matching was performed. After propensity score matching, all 10 confounding variables had acceptable standardised difference scores (<20%), indicating that the matching procedure had efficiently balanced the two groups. Following the propensity score adjustment, the marginal bone loss was significantly higher in Group O than the control at 6 months (1.66 ± 1.05 mm vs 0.59 ± 0.64 mm, P < 0.001) and 12 months (2.30 ± 1.27 mm vs 0.82 ± 0.78 mm, P < 0.001). Compared to Group C, subjects in Group O had a higher incidence of peri‐implant mucositis and implantitis (11.8% vs 1.5%, P = 0.033). Impaired osseointegration of dental implants was associated with orthognathic surgery. Special considerations for peri‐implant soft and hard tissue stability should be addressed to obtain ideal treatment results and prognosis for patients who have had prior orthognathic surgery.
Characteristics of Family Interaction of Individuals with Hikikomori (Prolonged Social Withdrawal) From the Viewpoint of Behavior Theory
Authors: Nonaka Shunsuke , Shimada Hironori , Sakai Motohiro 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe cognitive behavioral approach for families of individuals with hikikomori (IWH) places importance on assessing family interaction from a behavior theory. However, there is no gold standard method for the assessment of family interaction of IWH. Additionally, the characteristics of the family interactions of IWH have not been clarified. This study aims to (a) develop the Family Interaction Scale for Hikikomori (FIS‐H) using parent‐reported data, and (b) clarify the characteristics of hikikomori cases. First, the FIS‐H factor structure was examined. Second, to examine the reliability and validity of the FIS‐H and the characteristics of hikikomori cases, parents of IWH (hikikomori‐group) and unaffected parents (without‐group) completed the FIS‐H and the Relationship Happiness Scale. Based on data from 146 parents, the FIS‐H preliminary version consisted of four factors with a total of 12 items (Study 1). The reliability and validity of the FIS‐H were also confirmed to be acceptable using data from 246 hikikomori‐group participants. The hikikomori‐group had higher FIS‐H scores than did the without‐group (Study 2). These results show that it is important to appropriately assess family interactions.
The system of nursing in Chile: Insights from a systems theory perspective
Authors: Ayala Ricardo A. , Koch Tomas F. , Messing Helga B. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractNursing is possible owing to a series of intricate systemic relations. Building on an established tradition of sociological research, we critically analysed the nursing profession in Chile, with an emphasis on its education system, in the light of social systems theory. The paper's aim was to explore basic characteristics of nursing education as a system, so as to outline its current evolution. Drawing on recent developments in nursing, we applied an empirical framework to identify and discuss functionally differentiated systems that are relevant to nursing and observe communications between them. We found that the dynamics of nursing as a whole develop from communications with closely related systems, including the nursing profession and the education system more broadly. While the discipline (as a system of representations) strives to control the profession (as an applied occupational field), the necessities of practicing nurses imply other forces mediating the making of the profession, a process framed by market dynamics in education and health.
Discriminating among grounded theory approaches
Authors: Rieger Kendra L. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTo rationalize the selection of a research methodology, one must understand its philosophical origins and unique characteristics. This process can be challenging in the landscape of evolving qualitative methodologies. Grounded theory is a research methodology with a distinct history that has resulted in numerous approaches. Although the approaches have key similarities, they also have differing philosophical assumptions that influence the ways in which their methods are understood and implemented. The purpose of this discussion paper is to compare and contrast three widely used grounded theory approaches with key distinguishing characteristics, enabling a more thoughtful selection of approach. This work contributes to the existing literature through contrasting classic Glaserian grounded theory, Straussian grounded theory, and constructivist grounded theory in a systematic manner with prominent distinguishing characteristics developed from a review of the literature. These characteristics included historical development, philosophical perspective, role of the researcher, data analysis procedures, perspective of the grounded theory, and strengths/critique. Based on this analysis, three considerations are proposed to direct the methodological choice for a study: purpose, philosophy, and pragmatics. Understanding the similarities and differences in the grounded theory approaches can facilitate methodological transparency and determine the best fit for one's study and worldview as a researcher.
Genetic analysis of Fusarium wilt resistance in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata Walp.)
Authors: Omoigui Lucky O. , Danmaigona Catherine C. , Kamara Alpha Y. , Ekefan Ebenezer J. , Timko Michael P. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis study investigated the inheritance of resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. tracheiphilum (Fot) in cowpea lines. Resistant and susceptible cowpea lines were crossed to develop F1, F2 and backcross populations. Reaction to Fot was evaluated in 2015 and 2016 using seed soak and modified root‐dip inoculation methods. The expression of resistance reaction in the F1 and segregation in F2 generations indicated the role of dominant gene controlling Fot in cowpea. These results were further supported by the result of backcross (BC1P1F1 and BC1P2F1) progeny tests. The backcross of F1 with the resistant parent produced progeny that were uniformly resistant, whereas backcross of F1 with the susceptible parent produced progeny that segregated into 1:1 ratio. The F2 segregation ratio in the reciprocal cross showed no evidence of maternal effect in the inheritance of the resistance. Allelism test suggests that the gene for resistance in TVu 134 was the same in TVu 410 and TVu 109‐1. We also identified an SSR marker, C13‐16, that cosegregated with the gene conferring resistance to Fot in cowpea.
Technocracy, the market and the governance of England's National Health Service
Authors: Horton David P. , Lynch‐Wood Gary 
Published: August 2018

AbstractEngland's National Health Service, the fifth largest employer in the world, has become heavily influenced by expert authority and the market economy, which has had implications for accountability and the receptiveness of health decisions to stakeholder needs. One response has been the introduction of a range of regulatory provisions designed to facilitate effective governance and stakeholder engagement. These provisions are scrutinized using three conceptual devices: core accountability, social reporting and social learning. These devices have significant implications, as they enable technical experts to form closed communities, communicate among themselves mainly about economic and financial matters, and make decisions that aid the market without meaningful recourse to citizens. While technical experts are necessary to help manage complex areas, current arrangements reinforce an existing gap between economic and democratic values through hardened technocratic approaches to health care governance.
In praise of bad prose: Reading Pauline style in the Reformation
Authors: Knapper Daniel 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis essay explores the process of defining and assessing Saint Paul's prose style in the Reformation. I demonstrate that, in their efforts to develop a coherent profile of Pauline style, biblical humanists follow a pattern of critical response in which they identify grammatical and rhetorical flaws in Paul's prose and inscribe them with positive effects, particularly power, speed, and profundity. After highlighting the prominence of a set of difficult formal features in discussions of Paul's style and examining the influence of these features over a passage from 2 Corinthians, I consider the different arguments, metaphors, and images that biblical humanists use to justify their rhetorical integrity and defend their aesthetic quality. Broadly speaking, humanist efforts to transform Paul's stylistic weaknesses into strengths reflects a common critical desire to protect Paul's credibility as a sacred author, and to assure Christian readers of the coherence and authority of his texts.