bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Socioecological Approach to Work Performance
Authors: Karni-Efrati Ziv , Egozi Laliv , Pardo Asher 
Published: November 2024

Objectives
Chronic skin diseases (CSD) may lead to productivity losses. This mixed-methods study investigated symptom severity, social challenges, need for workplace accommodation, sick leave, and their association with perceived impaired work performance (IWP) among workers with CSD.

Methods
Data were collected from April to June 2023. Participants (n = 102) completed an online questionnaire sent from the Institute for Occupational Safety and Hygiene and almost 20% were interviewed. The analyses included logistic regression and structural equation models and a thematic analysis.

Results
Of participants, 72.3% reported perceived IWP. The need for workplace accommodation and sick leave duration were directly associated with IWP. These findings were integrated with common themes based on a socioecological approach.

Conclusions
By working together to address personal, interpersonal, organizational, and societal aspects associated with CSD, occupational physicians and stakeholders can alleviate perceived IWP.
Controlled low-density lipoprotein cholesterol attenuates cardiovascular risk mediated by elevated lipoprotein(a) after percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Mahmoud Ahmed K. , Awad Kamal , Farina Juan M. , Abbas Mohammed Tiseer , Ali Nima Baba , Abdalla Hesham M. , Badr Amro , Elahi Muhammad A. , Pereyra Milagros , Scalia Isabel G. , Javadi Niloofar , Bismee Nadera N. , Alsidawi Said , Lester Steven J. , Ayoub Chadi , Arsanjani Reza 
Published: November 2024

Background
Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is an independent, causal risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, it is still unclear whether controlling low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) to optimal levels can attenuate cardiovascular risk mediated by elevated Lp(a), especially in the setting of secondary prevention.

Methods
Adult patients with a baseline Lp(a) measurement who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and reached their LDL-C target levels (<70 mg/dl) at Mayo Clinic sites between 2006 and 2017 were included. Primary outcomes included major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and all-cause mortality. Kaplan–Meier curves were created to compare the survival probabilities among patients with Lp(a) ≥ 50 mg/dl compared with Lp(a) < 50 mg/dl. Multivariable Cox regression analyses were performed to quantify the association of elevated Lp(a) with our relevant outcomes and to control for possible confounders.

Results
In total, 878 patients (median age: 68 years, and 74% males) who underwent PCI were included for analysis. Of them, 29.7% had elevated Lp(a) ≥ 50 mg/dl. Kaplan–Meier curves did not reveal any significant difference in survival probabilities for elevated Lp(a) for any outcome including MACE (P = 0.91), all-cause mortality (P = 0.26), or the separate MACE components. Similarly, the multivariable analysis showed no significant association for MACE (hazard ratio: 1.07, 95% confidence interval: 0.84–1.37) or all-cause mortality (hazard ratio: 0.98, 95% confidence interval: 0.74–1.30).

Conclusion
In patients who underwent PCI and have their LDL-C controlled below 70 mg/dl, no significant association was found between elevated Lp(a) ≥ 50 mg/dl and risk for MACE or all-cause mortality.
Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and biofilm-formation of Listeria monocytogenes in bulk raw milk in East Azerbaijan province, Iran
Authors: Davarpanah Mona , Bialvaei Abed Zahedi 
Published: November 2024

Introduction:
The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and the biofilm-forming ability of Listeria spp. in bulk raw milk in East-Azerbaijan province, Iran.

Methods:
A total of 192 bulk raw milk samples were collected from six distinct parts of East-Azerbaijan province. Selective enrichment and isolation were done by using United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) method, then isolates were identified by biochemical tests and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. Susceptibilities of isolates to different antibiotics were determined by using the disk diffusion assay. Two phenotypic methods were used for investigation of biofilm production: Congo red agar (CRA) and microtiter plate (MTP).

Results:
The prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes and other Listeria spp. were 11.97% and 0%, respectively. The highest prevalence rate was found in one of regions located in the center of province (30.43%) and northeast of province had the lowest prevalence rate (3.12%). All isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, gentamicin, tetracycline, streptomycin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and rifampicin. Only one isolates had intermediate susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. There was the highest resistance to nalidixic acid (100%), followed by to ampicillin (17.39%), and penicillin (13.04%), and the lowest resistance to clindamycin (8.6%) was observed. Based on MTP, 91.30% of isolates were weak biofilm formers. Biofilm production of L. monocytogenes using CRA plates showed that 34.78% and 52.17% of isolates were positive and intermediate biofilm producers, respectively.

Conclusion:
The results indicate that prevalence rate of L. monocytogenes is relatively high and there is a potential risk for consumers of raw and unpasteurized milk.
Evaluation of genes involved in the binding and invasion of Klebsiella pneumoniae including fimH-1, entB, iutA, rmpA and cnf-1 genes in patients with urinary tract infection
Authors: Yousefi Bahman , Abdolshahi Anna , Dadashpour Mehdi , Pahlevan Daryoush , Ghaffari Hadi , Eslami Majid 
Published: November 2024

Introduction:

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a member of the Enterobacteriaceae that causes nosocomial infections. The aim of this study was to identify the binding, invasive and pathogenic profiles of K. pneumoniae isolates in urinary tract infection.

Materials and methods:
This study was performed with 70 isolates. The antibiotic susceptibility testing was conducted by 12 antibiotics. The presence of virulence genes (fimH-1, mrkD, kpn, ycfM, entB, iutA, irp-1, irp-2, ybtS, fyuA, iroN, rmpA, magA, traT, hlyA and cnf-1) done by PCR.

Results:
The strains resistant to imipenem, also resistant to the cefotaxime/ceftazidime and azteronam. 96.4% of rmpA strains also had entB and 92.8% had ycfM gene. Of the 12 strains containing cnf1, all also had fimH and the mrkD gene. These strains had a high resistance the amoxicillin, tobramycin, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin. Strains containing the hlyA all had fimH and were high resistant to the amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, amikacin, and tobramycin. magA-containing strains had low resistance to amikacin and azteronam.

Conclusion:
It is recommended that imipenem resistant strains be resistant to cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and aztereonam, and that these antibiotics not be used to treat these strains. Interestingly, strains with the cnf-1 were all sensitive to imipenem, so imipenem is a good option for treating these strains. Strains that had the hlyA all had the fimH gene and had a very high resistance to the amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, amikacin and tobramycin. magA-containing strains all had entB and had low resistance to amikacin and aztereonam. Therefore, amikacin and aztereonam are recommended for the treatment of these strains containing.
Detection of some virulence genes among clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in Baghdad
Authors: Khazaal Saba Saadoon , Fadhil Yasir B. , Talha Mustafa Hasan , Al-Alak Shaymaa Khudhr 
Published: November 2024

Purpose:The objectives of the current study are to detect some important virulence genes inPseudomonas aeruginosa, which isolated from clinical samples in Baghdad's different hospitals.Methods:A total of 40 clinicalP. aeruginosaisolates were collected from different hospitals in Baghdad city. The isolates were identified using morphological tests and confirmed by conventional PCR by using specific primer for16S rDNAgene. To extract DNA from the isolates, a genomic DNA kit was used molecular detection of two virulence genes:ompAandpapC, which were amplified by PCR.Results:All 40 isolates were identified morphological and genetic tests. Moreover, the prevalence of virulence genes by PCR demonstrated that that (27.5%) and (17.5%)P. aeruginosaisolates carried theompAandpapCgenes, respectively. These genes are associated to biofilm formation. TheompAwas the most predominant gene.Conclusion:The current data support the occurrence ofP. aeruginosaexhibiting important virulence genes, which indeed make these bacteria provide such a significant threat to public health.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from foodhandlers, community nasal carriers and bovine mastitis
Authors: Soltan Dallal Mohammad Mehdi , Salehipour Zohreh , Abdi Milad 
Published: November 2024

Objective:
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a prevalent bacterial pathogen that is isolated from various environments. The aim of this study was to survey MRSA strains from foodhandlers, community nasal carriers, and bovine mastitis.

Materials and methods:
A total of 374 samples from community nasal carriers (105), bovine mastitis (173), and foodhandlers (96) were screened for Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and methicillin resistance using mecA-specific PCR assay, an oxacillin agar screen test, cefoxitin disk diffusion assay, production of penicillin-binding protein (PBP), β-lactamase production, and antimicrobial MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) assay were performed for all S. aureus isolates.

Results:
MRSA isolates were isolated from 38.8% of community nasal carriers, 14.7% of bovine mastitis, and 23.5% of foodhandlers. Expression of the mecA gene was the most common MRSA trait for human isolates and hyperproduction of β-lactamase was the most common antimicrobial resistance factor for bovine mastitis isolates.

Conclusion:
MRSA strains were isolated from foodhandlers, community nasal carriers, and bovine mastitis. Therefore, due to the possibility of contamination of human and animal resources, the control of important pathogens such as MRSA is important.
Treatment of prehypertension among adults with HIV
Authors: Yan Lily D. , Rouzier Vanessa , Sufra Rodney , Sauveur Reichling St , Guiteau Colette , Lee Myung Hee , Ogyu Anju , Mourra Nour , Oparil Suzanne , Théard Michel , Brisma Jean Pierre , Alfred Jean Patrick , Deschamps Marie D. , Pape Jean W. , McNairy Margaret L. 
Published: November 2024

Objective:
Elevated blood pressure (BP), even at prehypertensive levels, increases cardiovascular disease risk among people with HIV (PWH); yet international guidelines in low-income countries recommend treatment initiation at BP at least 140/90 mmHg. We determined the efficacy, feasibility, and acceptability of treating prehypertension in PWH in Haiti.

Design:
An unblinded randomized clinical trial (enrolled April 2021–March 2022) with 12-month follow-up.

Setting:
GHESKIO Centres, Port-au-Prince, Haiti.

Participants:
Two hundred fifty adults with HIV with prehypertension (SBP 120–138 or DBP 80–89) not on medication, aged 18–65 years, virally suppressed, and without pregnancy, diabetes, or kidney disease.

Intervention:
Participants were randomized to treatment (amlodipine 5 mg) or control (no amlodipine unless two BP ≥140/90 mmHg).

Main outcome measure:
Primary outcome was mean change in SBP between intervention versus control groups from enrollment to 12 months.

Results:
Among 250 adults, median age was 49 years, 40.8% were women. Baseline median BP was 129/78 mmHg intervention versus 128/77 mmHg control. After 12 months, the difference in mean change between study groups for SBP was -5.9 mmHg [95% confidence interval (95% CI) -8.8 to -3.0] and for DBP was -5.5 mmHg (95% CI -7.9 to -3.2). At 12 months, 5.6% intervention and 23.0% control participants developed incident hypertension (hazard ratio 0.18; 95% CI 0.07–0.47). There were no differences in viral load suppression at 12 months or drug-related serious adverse events. Intervention acceptability was high among providers and participants in qualitative interviews.

Conclusion:
In PWH in a resource-poor setting, prehypertension treatment was feasible, acceptable, and effective in reducing mean SBP and incident hypertension.

Registration:
Clinicaltrials.gov NCT04692467
The Added Value of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient and Histogram Analysis in Assessing Treatment Response of Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer
Authors: Saleh Gehad A. , Elged Basma A. , Saleh Manal M. , Hassan Amany , Karam Rasha 
Published: November 2024

Objective
The aim of the study is to assess the diagnostic performance of quantitative analysis of diffusion-weighted imaging in assessing treatment response in cervical cancer patients.

Methods
A retrospective analysis was done for 50 patients with locally advanced cervical cancer who received concurrent chemoradiotherapy and underwent magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging. Treatment response was classified into 4 categories according to RECIST criteria 6 months after therapy completion. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were measured using both region of interest (ROI) ADC and whole lesion (WL) ADC histogram for all cases at both baseline pretreatment and posttreatment Magnetic resonance imaging studies. Changes in ADC values were calculated and compared between groups.

Results
The percentage change of ROI-ADCmean at a cutoff value of >20 had excellent discrimination of responders versus nonresponders, while the percentage change of WL-ADCmean, ADCmin, and ADCmax at cutoff values of >12.5, >35.8, and > 19.6 had acceptable discrimination of responders versus nonresponders. Logistic regression analysis revealed that only baseline WL ADCmin was a statistically significant independent predictor of response. Cancer cervix patients with baseline ADCmin < or equal to 0.73 have 12.1 times higher odds of exhibiting a response.

Conclusions
The percentage change of ROI-ADCmean and WL histogram ADCmean values after concurrent chemoradiotherapy can predict response. Pretreatment WL histogram ADCmin was a statistically significant independent predictor of posttherapy response.
Prostate Cancer Risk Prediction Model Using Clinical and Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Related Findings: Impact of Combining Lesions' Locations and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Values
Authors: Nakai Hirotsugu , Takahashi Hiroaki , LeGout Jordan D. , Kawashima Akira , Froemming Adam T. , Klug Jason R. , Korfiatis Panagiotis , Lomas Derek J. , Humphreys Mitchell R. , Dora Chandler , Takahashi Naoki 
Published: November 2024

Objectives
The aims of the study are to develop a prostate cancer risk prediction model that combines clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–related findings and to assess the impact of adding Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) ≥3 lesions-level findings on its diagnostic performance.

Methods
This 3-center retrospective study included prostate MRI examinations performed with clinical suspicion of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) between 2018 and 2022. Pathological diagnosis within 1 year after the MRI was used to diagnose csPCa. Seven clinical, 3 patient-level MRI-related, and 4 lesion-level MRI-related findings were extracted. After feature selection, 2 logistic regression models with and without lesions-level findings were created using data from facility I and II (development cohort). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) between the 2 models was compared in the PI-RADS ≥3 population in the development cohort and Facility III (validation cohort) using the Delong test. Interfacility differences of the selected predictive variables were evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis test or chi-squared test.

Results
Selected lesion-level features included the peripheral zone involvement and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values. The model with lesions-level findings had significantly higher AUC than the model without in 655 examinations in the development cohort (0.81 vs 0.79, respectively, P = 0.005), but not in 553 examinations in the validation cohort (0.77 vs 0.76, respectively). Large interfacility differences were seen in the ADC distribution (P < 0.001) and csPCa proportion in PI-RADS 3–5 (P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Adding lesions-level findings improved the csPCa discrimination in the development but not the validation cohort. Interfacility differences impeded model generalization, including the distribution of reported ADC values and PI-RADS score-level csPCa proportion.
Preoperative Computed Tomography Radiomics-Based Models for Predicting Microvascular Invasion of Intrahepatic Mass-Forming Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Zhu Yong , Chen Jiao , Cui Wenjing , Cui Can , Jin Hailin , Wang Jianhua , Wang Zhongqiu 
Published: November 2024

Objectives
The aim of the study is to investigate the ability of preoperative CT (Computed Tomography)-based radiomics signature to predict microvascular invasion (MVI) of intrahepatic mass-forming cholangiocarcinoma (IMCC) and develop radiomics-based prediction models.

Materials and Methods
Preoperative clinical data, basic CT features, and radiomics features of 121 IMCC patients (44 with MVI and 77 without MVI) were retrospectively reviewed. The loading and display of CT images, delineation of the volume of interest, and feature extraction were performed using 3D Slicer. Radiomics features were selected by the LASSO logistic regression model. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to establish the radiomics model, radiologic model, and combined model in the training set (n = 85) to predict the MVI of IMCC, and then verified in the validation set (n = 36).

Results
Among the 3948 radiomics features extracted from multiphase dynamic enhanced CT imaging, 16 most stable features were selected. The AUC of the radiomics model for predicting MVI in the training set and validation set were 0.935 and 0.749, respectively. The AUC of the radiologic model for predicting MVI in the training set and validation set were 0.827 and 0.796, respectively. When radiomics and radiologic models are combined, the predictive performance of the combined model (constructed with shape, intratumoral vessels, portal venous phase tumor-liver CT ratio, and radscore) is optimal, with an AUC of 0.958 in the training set and 0.829 in the test set for predicting MVI.

Conclusions
CT radiomics signature is a powerful predictor for predicting MVI. The preoperative combined model (constructed with shape, intratumoral vessels, portal venous phase tumor-liver CT ratio, and radscore) performed well in predicting the MVI.
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy: one single entity?
Authors: Koemans Emma A. , van Etten Ellis S. 
Published: November 2024

Purpose of review
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a common brain disorder among the elderly and individuals with Alzheimer's disease, where accumulation of amyloid-ß can lead to intracerebral hemorrhage and dementia. This review discusses recent developments in understanding the pathophysiology and phenotypes of CAA.

Recent findings
CAA has a long preclinical phase starting decades before symptoms emerge. Its pathophysiology follows consecutive stages of amyloid-ß deposition, decreased vascular reactivity, nonhemorrhagic changes, and ultimately hemorrhages. Although impaired perivascular clearance is the leading hypothesis underlying CAA, several lines of evidence suggest that glymphatic dysfunction also plays a significant role in the disease process. Despite its common pathway, the disease course is variable. Some patients develop more microbleeds, while others develop larger hemorrhages, suggesting a differentiation in vascular remodeling. Some patients with CAA develop a symptomatic immune response, and inflammation could be an important contributor to vascular damage in CAA in general. Furthermore, the prion-like transmission of amyloid-β has been identified as a cause of iatrogenic CAA occurring decades after neurosurgical procedures involving cadaveric dura mater.

Summary
Emerging evidence of sporadic, hereditary, inflammatory, and iatrogenic CAA suggests a complex interplay between brain clearance, inflammation and vascular remodeling leading to a diverse clinical phenotype.
Does dietary intake of vitamin A and beta-carotene increase the risk of hypertension?
Authors: Rahmanian Sasan , Salimi Zahra , Masoumvand Mohammad , Aghakhani Nejad Zohre , Ghorbani Hesari Mohamadtaghi , Mirshafaei Seyed Reza , Keshavarz Mohammadian Mohammad , Abbasi Mobarakeh Khadijeh , Ataei Kachooei Masoomeh , Shamsi-Goushki Ali , Khoshdooz Sara , Bahmani Parsa , Doaei Saeid , Kooshki Akram , Gholamalizadeh Maryam 
Published: November 2024

Background
Hypertension (HTN) is a major global public health issue influenced by genetics and lifestyle factors such as diet and psychological stress. Previous research suggests a potential link between HTN and dietary vitamin A intake. This study aims to explore the association between HTN and the intake of various forms of vitamin A.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1239 patients with HTN and 2945 normotensive individuals aged 35–70 years in Sabzevar, Iran. Dietary vitamin A intake was assessed using the Nutritionist IV software and a food frequency questionnaire.

Result
A positive association was found between HTN with total vitamin A intake [odds ratio (OR): 1.03, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01–1.05, P = 0.04] and β-carotene intake (OR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.02–1.05, P = 0.03) after adjusting for age and sex. These associations remained statistically significant after adjusting for physical activity and BMI. The association between HTN and β-carotene intake remained significant after additional adjustment for calorie intake. No significant association was observed between dietary retinol intake and HTN.

Conclusion
Increased dietary intake of vitamin A and β-carotene may be associated with a higher risk of HTN. Further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these findings and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.