bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of Wearable Physical Activity Monitors in Patients With Cancer
Authors: Gupta Arjun , Stewart Tyler , Bhulani Nizar , Dong Ying , Rahimi Zain , Crane Kimberli , Rethorst Chad , Beg Muhammad S. 
Published: April 2018

Purpose The feasibility of using physical activity monitors (PAMs) to measure functional status in patients with cancer is unclear. We aimed to determine the feasibility of using PAMs to longitudinally assess physical activity and performance status (PS) in patients with cancer. Methods Patients with cancer who had Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) PS of 0 to 2 and were receiving systemic therapy were enrolled in a prospective pilot trial of PAM use. Feasibility was defined as patients using the PAM for > 50% of the observation period. We correlated PAM-reported measures with scores from ECOG PS and quality-of-life tools (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–General [FACT-G], Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms–Self-Rated 16 [QIDS-SR16], and Brief Fatigue Inventory [BFI]) using Pearson’s correlation test. Patients were surveyed regarding their experience with PAMs at study completion. Results In all, 24 patients were enrolled; mean age was 54 years, 16 (67%) were women, and 19 (79%) were white. Twenty-three patients (96%) met the primary end point of feasibility. The median duration of follow-up was 69 days. Mean PAM-measured steps for ECOG PS of 0, 1, and 2 were 5,911, 1,890, and 845 steps per day, respectively ( P = .002). Minimum steps per day correlated with BFI ( r = –0.53; P < .01), FACT-G ( r = 0.45; P = .02), and QIDS-SR16 ( r = –0.57; P < .01). Eighteen patients (75%) reported a positive experience with the PAM. Conclusion PAMs are a feasible tool for measuring long-term physical activity in patients with cancer who are receiving systemic therapy. PAM-derived measures correlated with clinician-assessed PS.
Comparison of Physician-Documented Versus Patient-Reported Collection of Comorbidities Among Patients With Prostate Cancer Upon First Visit to the Urology Clinic
Authors: Fleshner Katherine , Tin Amy , Benfante Nicole , Carlsson Sigrid , Vickers Andrew J. 
Published: April 2018

Purpose To determine whether patient-reported collection of comorbidities online is sufficiently accurate to warrant use as part of a physician-reviewed, baseline medical history. Methods Comorbidities were collected for a sample of 213 new prostate cancer visits to our urology clinic through an online survey (called Baseline Medical History) before the clinical encounter. The frequency distributions of comorbidities as reported by patients before physician review were compared with those documented by physicians for a sample of 298 consecutive patients presenting to the same urology clinic before the survey went live. Results The overall frequency distribution of comorbidities and life expectancy estimates were similar between the two groups. A few comorbidity categories were reported with higher frequency in the patient-reported group compared with the physician-documented group, including neurologic comorbidities (7.5% v 1.7%; difference 6%; 95% CI, 2.0% to 10%; P = .001) and back pain (24% v 13%; difference 12%; 95% CI, 4.8% to 19%; P = .001). A similar trend was seen for vascular conditions, although the difference did not meet conventional levels of statistical significance. Genitourinary comorbidities, including problems with urination and erectile dysfunction, were better captured by the physician-reported group compared with the patient-reported group (68% v 53%; difference 15%; 95% CI, 7% to 24%; P = .001), as were other musculoskeletal comorbidities (8.7% v 1.9%; difference 7%; 95% CI, 3.2% to 11%; P = .001). Conclusion Patients completing a medical history, at their own pace and in the comfort of their own home, provide relatively accurate and complete information, even before physician review. Patient reporting of comorbidities thus seems to be a reliable starting point for the documentation of the medical history in the clinic.
The Pursuit of the Dao: Natsume Sōseki and HisKanshiof 1916
Authors: Zhang Xiaohui 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAlthough Natsume Sōseki (1867–1916) enjoys worldwide fame as a novelist, his work as a first-class kanshi 漢詩 (classical Chinese poetry) poet remains largely unknown to Western audiences. This article focuses on Sōseki's kanshi of 1916 and his pursuit of the Dao toward the end of his life. Contextualized in both the turbulence of Meiji Japan (1868–1912) and the Chinese poetic and philosophical traditions, this piece offers a comprehensive overview of the thematic and formal features of Sōseki's 1916 kanshi. Perpetually torn between the pursuit of secular success and the freedom and tranquility of the life of pure thought, Sōseki infused his kanshi with visions of the Confucian, Buddhist, and Daoist Dao. To him, kanshi offered a highly personal medium for complex philosophical inquiry, an outlet for psychological distress as well as modern concerns, and at the same time represented a tradition from the past that he tried desperately to hold on to in the tide of change. In many ways, the inner struggles of Sōseki offer a glimpse into the collective tormented psychology and spiritual crisis of Meiji intellectuals. His short, illness-plagued, yet prolific life presents nothing less than a crystallization of Meiji Japan in the throes of drastic transformation.
Functional and genomic characterization of a xenograft model system for the study of metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Johnstone Cameron N. , Pattison Andrew D. , Gorringe Kylie L. , Harrison Paul F. , Powell David R. , Lock Peter , Baloyan David , Ernst M. , Stewart Alastair G. , Beilharz Traude H. , Anderson Robin L. 
Published: April 2018

Triple-negative breast cancer represents 10-20% of all human ductal adenocarcinomas and has a poor prognosis relative to other subtypes. Hence, new molecular targets for therapeutic intervention are necessary. Analyses of panels of human or mouse cancer lines derived from the same individual that differ in their cellular phenotypes but not in genetic background have been instrumental in defining the molecular players that drive the various hallmarks of cancer.To determine the molecular regulators of metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer, we completed a rigorous in vitro and in vivo characterization of four populations of the MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer line ranging in aggressiveness from non-metastatic to spontaneously metastatic to lung, liver, spleen and lymph node. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array analyses and genome-wide mRNA expression profiles of tumour cells isolated from orthotopic mammary xenografts were compared among the four lines to define both cell autonomous pathways and genes associated with metastatic proclivity.Gene set enrichment analysis demonstrated an unexpected association between both ribosome biogenesis and mRNA metabolism and metastatic capacity. Differentially expressed genes or families of related genes were allocated to one of four categories, associated with either metastatic initiation (for example CTSC, ENG, BMP2), metastatic virulence (e.g. ADAMTS1, TIE1) metastatic suppression (e.g. CST1, CST2, CST4, CST6, SCNNA1, BMP4) or metastatic avirulence (e.g. CD74).Collectively, this model system based on MDA-MB-231 cells should be useful for the assessment of gene function in the metastatic cascade and also for the testing of novel experimental therapeutics for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer.
Improving Teamwork and Patient Outcomes with Daily Structured Interdisciplinary Bedside Rounds: A Multimethod Evaluation
Authors: Clay‐Williams Robyn , Plumb Jennifer , Luscombe Georgina M. , Hawke Catherine , Dalton Hazel , Shannon Gabriel , Johnson Julie 
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUNDPrevious research has shown that interdisciplinary ward rounds have the potential to improve team functioning and patient outcomes.DESIGNA convergent parallel multimethod approach to evaluate a hospital interdisciplinary ward round intervention and ward restructure.SETTINGAn acute medical unit in a large tertiary care hospital in regional Australia.PARTICIPANTSThirty‐two clinicians and inpatients aged 15 years and above, with acute episode of care, discharged during the year prior and the year of the intervention.INTERVENTIONA daily structured interdisciplinary bedside round combined with a ward restructure.MEASUREMENTSQualitative measures included contextual factors and measures of change and experiences of clinicians. Quantitative measures included length of stay (LOS), monthly “calls for clinical review,'” and cost of care delivery.RESULTSClinicians reported improved teamwork, communication, and understanding between and within the clinical professions, and between clinicians and patients, after the intervention implementation. There was no statistically significant difference between the intervention and control wards in the change in LOS over time (Wald χ2 = 1.05; degrees of freedom [df] = 1; P = .31), but a statistically significant interaction for cost of stay, with a drop in cost over time, was observed in the intervention group, and an increase was observed in the control wards (Wald χ2 = 6.34; df = 1; P = .012). The medical wards and control wards differed significantly in how the number of monthly “calls for clinical review” changed from prestructured interdisciplinary bedside round (SIBR) to during SIBR (F (1,44) = 12.18; P = .001).CONCLUSIONSMultimethod evaluations are necessary to provide insight into the contextual factors that contribute to a successful intervention and improved clinical outcomes.
Terapia com exposição à realidade virtual e avaliação funcional para fobia de dirigir: um programa de intervenção
Authors: Borloti Elizeu , Dos Santos Andressa , Haydu Verônica Bender 
Published: April 2018

Este estudio evaluó los efectos de un programa de intervención en el miedo a conducir. El estudio incluyó la evaluación de: la función de comportamientos de participantes con miedo de conducir; la exposición a la realidad virtual; la capacidad del simulador de generar sensación de presencia y ansiedad; y el cybersickness. Participaron 6 adultos que se quejaban de miedo o fobia a conducir, con edades entre 22 y 54 años, y que poseían pase de conducción. Se utilizó un simulador de conducción de vehículo. El procedimiento consistió en un diseño línea de base múltiple no simultánea, con 11 a 14 sesiones. Los pasos incluyen: entrevista; el establecimiento de la línea base; intervención (exposición a la realidad virtual y evaluaciones funcionales); cerramiento y seguimiento después de 1 y 3 meses. Los participantes no conducían antes del programa de intervención y comenzaron a hacerlo, tanto en el ambiente virtual como en el no virtual, y reportaron una reducción de la ansiedad. Se concluyó que la exposición a la realidad virtual, en combinación con la evaluación conductual-funcional, contribuyó a que los participantes manejaran más y con menos miedo.
Relación entre el rendimiento académico y el autorreporte del funcionamiento ejecutivo de adolescentes ecuatorianos
Authors: Ramos Carlos , Jadán-Guerrero Janio , Gómez-García Antonio 
Published: April 2018

En el artículo se reporta una investigación que analizó la relación entre las funciones ejecutivas y el rendimiento académico de 250 estudiantes secundarios de Quito, Ecuador. Las mediciones utilizadas consistieron en la escala para evaluar funciones ejecutivas (Efeco) en el formato de autorreporte y el rendimiento académico del último año lectivo de los estudiantes. Se realizaron dos análisis: el primero de correlación sugiere que las funciones ejecutivas flexibilidad cognitiva (r = -0,18, p < 0,01), organización de materiales (r = -0,15, p < 0,01), monitorización (r = -0,22, p < 0,01), iniciativa (r = -0,24, p < 0,01), memoria de trabajo (r = -0,28, p < 0,01) y planificación (r = -0,25, p < 0,01) presentan una relación significativa e inversamente proporcional con el rendimiento académico (a mayor déficit en las funciones ejecutivas, menor rendimiento académico); el segundo análisis, basado en regresión múltiple, consideró a las funciones ejecutivas factores predictores del rendimiento académico, encontrándose una asociación estadísticamente significativa para el modelo testeado F(6,241) = 4,96, p < 0,001. El porcentaje de varianza que las funciones ejecutivas explican del rendimiento académico (r2 = 0,11) tiene relación con intervenciones realizadas previamente e invita a investigación futura en la que se realice un entrenamiento de las funciones ejecutivas para mejorar el rendimiento académico.
Locating on-street loading and unloading spaces by means of mixed integer programming
Authors: Prata Bruno , Oliveira Leise , Holanda Thiago 
Published: April 2018

Em um sistema de distribuição de carga urbana, é necessária a determinação do número e da localização dos locais de carga e descarga para regular as operações de carga e descarga. Este artigo apresenta modelos matemáticos para a localização do espaço de carga e descarga na rua com base no problema de cobertura e formulação de problemas de p-mediana. A abordagem foi testada com dados reais: uma área tem 160 quadras e 60 áreas de carga e descarga, em Fortaleza, Brasil. Avaliamos quatro cenários considerando diferentes raios de influência das áreas de carga/descarga. Os resultados indicam que esta abordagem tem potencial para obter ganhos em termos de redução da distância entre os clientes e os locais de carga e descarga: considerando que a distância média é um indicador de desempenho (relação entre a distância total e os clientes cobertos), um raio de influência de 400 metros tem melhor relação (0.489) e todos os clientes estão cobertos. Os resultados indicam que o modelo pode ser usado pelos planejadores para alocar áreas de carga e descarga.
Conditional Bistability, a Generic Cellular Mnemonic Mechanism for Robust and Flexible Working Memory Computations
Authors: Rodriguez Guillaume , Sarazin Matthieu , Clemente Alexandra , Holden Stephanie , Paz Jeanne T. , Delord Bruno 
Published: April 2018

Persistent neural activity, the substrate of working memory, is thought to emerge from synaptic reverberation within recurrent networks. However, reverberation models do not robustly explain the fundamental dynamics of persistent activity, including high-spiking irregularity, large intertrial variability, and state transitions. While cellular bistability may contribute to persistent activity, its rigidity appears incompatible with persistent activity labile characteristics. Here, we unravel in a cellular model a form of spike-mediated conditional bistability that is robust and generic. and provides a rich repertoire of mnemonic computations. Under asynchronous synaptic inputs of the awakened state, conditional bistability generates spiking/bursting episodes, accounting for the irregularity, variability, and state transitions characterizing persistent activity. This mechanism has likely been overlooked because of the subthreshold input it requires, and we predict how to assess it experimentally. Our results suggest a reexamination of the role of intrinsic properties in the collective network dynamics responsible for flexible working memory.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis study unravels a novel form of intrinsic neuronal property: conditional bistability. We show that, thanks to its conditional character, conditional bistability favors the emergence of flexible and robust forms of persistent activity in PFC neural networks, in opposition to previously studied classical forms of absolute bistability. Specifically, we demonstrate for the first time that conditional bistability (1) is a generic biophysical spike-dependent mechanism of layer V pyramidal neurons in the PFC and that (2) it accounts for essential neurodynamical features for the organization and flexibility of PFC persistent activity (the large irregularity and intertrial variability of the discharge and its organization under discrete stable states), which remain unexplained in a robust fashion by current models.
Mapping Frequency-Specific Tone Predictions in the Human Auditory Cortex at High Spatial Resolution
Authors: Berlot Eva , Formisano Elia , De Martino Federico 
Published: April 2018

Auditory inputs reaching our ears are often incomplete, but our brains nevertheless transform them into rich and complete perceptual phenomena such as meaningful conversations or pleasurable music. It has been hypothesized that our brains extract regularities in inputs, which enables us to predict the upcoming stimuli, leading to efficient sensory processing. However, it is unclear whether tone predictions are encoded with similar specificity as perceived signals. Here, we used high-field fMRI to investigate whether human auditory regions encode one of the most defining characteristics of auditory perception: the frequency of predicted tones. Two pairs of tone sequences were presented in ascending or descending directions, with the last tone omitted in half of the trials. Every pair of incomplete sequences contained identical sounds, but was associated with different expectations about the last tone (a high- or low-frequency target). This allowed us to disambiguate predictive signaling from sensory-driven processing. We recorded fMRI responses from eight female participants during passive listening to complete and incomplete sequences. Inspection of specificity and spatial patterns of responses revealed that target frequencies were encoded similarly during their presentations, as well as during omissions, suggesting frequency-specific encoding of predicted tones in the auditory cortex (AC). Importantly, frequency specificity of predictive signaling was observed already at the earliest levels of auditory cortical hierarchy: in the primary AC. Our findings provide evidence for content-specific predictive processing starting at the earliest cortical levels.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTGiven the abundance of sensory information around us in any given moment, it has been proposed that our brain uses contextual information to prioritize and form predictions about incoming signals. However, there remains a surprising lack of understanding of the specificity and content of such prediction signaling; for example, whether a predicted tone is encoded with similar specificity as a perceived tone. Here, we show that early auditory regions encode the frequency of a tone that is predicted yet omitted. Our findings contribute to the understanding of how expectations shape sound processing in the human auditory cortex and provide further insights into how contextual information influences computations in neuronal circuits.
Palladin Is a Neuron-Specific Translational Target of mTOR Signaling That Regulates Axon Morphogenesis
Authors: Umegaki Yusuke , Brotons Antonio Martínez , Nakanishi Yui , Luo Zhongyue , Zhang Hanlu , Bonni Azad , Ikeuchi Yoshiho 
Published: April 2018

The mTOR signaling pathway regulates protein synthesis and diverse aspects of neuronal morphology that are important for brain development and function. To identify proteins controlled translationally by mTOR signaling, we performed ribosome profiling analyses in mouse cortical neurons and embryonic stem cells upon acute mTOR inhibition. Among proteins whose translation was significantly affected by mTOR inhibition selectively in neurons, we identified the cytoskeletal regulator protein palladin, which is localized within the cell body and axons in hippocampal neurons. Knockdown of palladin eliminated supernumerary axons induced by suppression of the tuberous sclerosis complex protein TSC1 in neurons, demonstrating that palladin regulates neuronal morphogenesis downstream of mTOR signaling. Our findings provide novel insights into an mTOR-dependent mechanism that controls neuronal morphogenesis through translational regulation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis study reports the discovery of neuron-specific protein translational responses to alterations of mTOR activity. By using ribosome profiling analysis, which can reveal the location and quantity of translating ribosomes on mRNAs, multiple aspects of protein translation were quantitatively analyzed in mouse embryonic stem cells and cortical neurons upon acute mTOR inhibition. Neurons displayed distinct patterns of ribosome occupancy for each codon and ribosome stalling during translation at specific positions of mRNAs. Importantly, the cytoskeletal regulator palladin was identified as a translational target protein of mTOR signaling in neurons. Palladin operates downstream of mTOR to modulate axon morphogenesis. This study identifies a novel mechanism of neuronal morphogenesis regulated by mTOR signaling through control of translation of the key protein palladin.
Mesocorticolimbic Connectivity and Volumetric Alterations inDCCMutation Carriers
Authors: Vosberg Daniel E. , Zhang Yu , Menegaux Aurore , Chalupa Amanda , Manitt Colleen , Zehntner Simone , Eng Conrad , DeDuck Kristina , Allard Dominique , Durand France , Dagher Alain , Benkelfat Chawki , Srour Myriam , Joober Ridha , Lepore Franco , Rouleau Guy , Théoret Hugo , Bedell Barry J. , Flores Cecilia , Leyton Marco 
Published: April 2018

The axon guidance cue receptor DCC (deleted in colorectal cancer) plays a critical role in the organization of mesocorticolimbic pathways in rodents. To investigate whether this occurs in humans, we measured (1) anatomical connectivity between the substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area (SN/VTA) and forebrain targets, (2) striatal and cortical volumes, and (3) putatively associated traits and behaviors. To assess translatability, morphometric data were also collected inDcc-haploinsufficient mice. The human volunteers were 20DCC+/−mutation carriers, 16DCC+/+relatives, and 20DCC+/+unrelated healthy volunteers (UHVs; 28 females). The mice were 11Dcc+/−and 16 wild-type C57BL/6J animals assessed during adolescence and adulthood. Compared with both control groups, the humanDCC+/−carriers exhibited the following: (1) reduced anatomical connectivity from the SN/VTA to the ventral striatum [DCC+/+:p= 0.0005,r(effect size) = 0.60; UHV:p= 0.0029,r= 0.48] and ventral medial prefrontal cortex (DCC+/+:p= 0.0031,r= 0.53; UHV:p= 0.034,r= 0.35); (2) lower novelty-seeking scores (DCC+/+:p= 0.034,d= 0.82; UHV:p= 0.019,d= 0.84); and (3) reduced striatal volume (DCC+/+:p= 0.0009,d= 1.37; UHV:p= 0.0054,d= 0.93). Striatal volumetric reductions were also present inDcc+/−mice, and these were seen during adolescence (p= 0.0058,d= 1.09) and adulthood (p= 0.003,d= 1.26). Together these findings provide the first evidence in humans that an axon guidance gene is involved in the formation of mesocorticolimbic circuitry and related behavioral traits, providing mechanisms through whichDCCmutations might affect susceptibility to diverse neuropsychiatric disorders.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOpportunities to study the effects of axon guidance molecules on human brain development have been rare. Here, the identification of a large four-generational family that carries a mutation to the axon guidance molecule receptor gene,DCC, enabled us to demonstrate effects on mesocorticolimbic anatomical connectivity, striatal volumes, and personality traits. Reductions in striatal volumes were replicated inDCC-haploinsufficient mice. Together, these processes might influence mesocorticolimbic function and susceptibility to diverse neuropsychiatric disorders.