bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Cr2Se3 Hexagons for Sensitive and Low-level Detection of 4-Nitrophenol in Water
Authors: Ramaraj Sukanya , Mani Sakthivel , Chen Shen-Ming , Palanisamy Selvakumar , Velusamy Vijayalakshmi , Hall James M. , Chen Tse-Wei , Tseng Tien-Wen 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe report a simple hydrothermal method used for the synthesis of Cr2Se3hexagons (h-Cr2Se3) and its application towards electrochemical sensing of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP). The formation of h-Cr2Se3was confirmed by using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The electrochemical activity of the h-Cr2Se3modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) towards 4-NP was studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and amperometric i-t techniques. Typically, the obtained results were compared with those for a bare SPCE. The CV result clearly reveals that h-Cr2Se3modified SPCE has higher catalytic activity towards reduction of 4-NP than bare SPCE. Hence, h-Cr2Se3modified SPCE was concluded as a viable sensor for sensitive determination of 4-NP. Under optimized conditions, h-Cr2Se3modified SPCE demonstrates the excellent capacity to detect the 4-NP in a linear range from 0.05 µM to 908.0 µM. The LOD and sensitivity in detection of 4-NP were determined at 0.01 µM and 1.24 µAµM−1cm−2respectively. The sensor is highly selective and stable and shows reproducible recovery of 4-NP in domestic supply and river water samples.
Variation in diagnostic test requests and outcomes: a preliminary metric for OpenPathology.net
Authors: O’Sullivan Jack W. , Heneghan Carl , Perera Rafael , Oke Jason , Aronson Jeffrey K. , Shine Brian , Goldacre Ben 
Published: March 2018

AbstractEfforts to reduce healthcare costs have led to the development of metrics to identify unwarranted variation in care. Previous work assessing diagnostic tests is limited, despite their substantial contribution to expenditure. We explored C-reactive Protein (CRP) and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) tests ordered across Oxfordshire NHS General Practices, and the proportion of tests that yielded an abnormal result, and identified practices that had a proportion of abnormal CRP and ESR results 3 standard deviations below the mean. We estimated the adjusted average proportion of abnormal CRP and ESR tests that yielded abnormal results from each practice, after adjusting for differences in practice populations. These proportions were plotted against the total CRP and ESR requests per practice. We constructed funnel plots to identify practices 3 standard deviations below the mean proportion of abnormal CRP and ESR tests. We analysed 143,745 CRP and 30,758 ESR requests from 69 practices. Twelve (17%) and 7 (10%) practices were more than 3 standard deviations below the mean for CRP and ESR testing respectively. Two practices (3%) were below the 99.8% limit for both CRP and ESR ordering. Variation in the proportion of tests with an abnormal result shows promise for auditing variation in care.
Groundwater oxygen isotope anomaly before the M6.6 Tottori earthquake in Southwest Japan
Authors: Onda Satoki , Sano Yuji , Takahata Naoto , Kagoshima Takanori , Miyajima Toshihiro , Shibata Tomo , Pinti Daniele L. , Lan Tefang , Kim Nak Kyu , Kusakabe Minoru , Nishio Yoshiro 
Published: March 2018

AbstractGeochemical monitoring of groundwater in seismically-active regions has been carried out since 1970s. Precursors were well documented, but often criticized for anecdotal or fragmentary signals, and for lacking a clear physico-chemical explanation for these anomalies. Here we report – as potential seismic precursor – oxygen isotopic ratio anomalies of +0.24‰ relative to the local background measured in groundwater, a few months before the Tottori earthquake (M 6.6) in Southwest Japan. Samples were deep groundwater located 5 km west of the epicenter, packed in bottles and distributed as drinking water between September 2015 and July 2017, a time frame which covers the pre- and post-event. Small but substantial increase of 0.07‰ was observed soon after the earthquake. Laboratory crushing experiments of aquifer rock aimed to simulating rock deformation under strain and tensile stresses were carried out. Measured helium degassing from the rock and 18O-shift suggest that the co-seismic oxygen anomalies are directly related to volumetric strain changes. The findings provide a plausible physico-chemical basis to explain geochemical anomalies in water and may be useful in future earthquake prediction research.
Potential applications of Pseudomonas sp. (strain CPSB21) to ameliorate Cr6+ stress and phytoremediation of tannery effluent contaminated agricultural soils
Authors: Gupta Pratishtha , Rani Rupa , Chandra Avantika , Kumar Vipin 
Published: March 2018

AbstractContamination of agricultural soil with heavy metals has become a serious concern worldwide. In the present study, Cr6+ resistant plant growth promoting Pseudomonas sp. (strain CPSB21) was isolated from the tannery effluent contaminated agricultural soils and evaluated for the plant growth promoting activities, oxidative stress tolerance, and Cr6+ bioremediation. Assessment of different plant growth promotion traits, such as phosphate solubilization, indole-3-acetic acid production, siderophores, ammonia and hydrogen cyanide production, revealed that the strain CPSB21 served as an efficient plant growth promoter under laboratory conditions. A pot experiment was performed using sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) as a test crop. Cr6+ toxicity reduced plant growth, pigment content, N and P uptake, and Fe accumulation. However, inoculation of strain CPSB21 alleviated the Cr6+ toxicity and enhanced the plant growth parameters and nutrient uptake. Moreover, Cr toxicity had varied response on oxidative stress tolerance at graded Cr6+ concentration on both plants. An increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity and reduction in malonialdehyde (MDA) was observed on inoculation of strain CPSB21. Additionally, inoculation of CPSB21 enhanced the uptake of Cr6+ in sunflower plant, while no substantial enhancement was observed on inoculation in tomato plant.
Human cytochrome P450 2B6 genetic variability in Botswana: a case of haplotype diversity and convergent phenotypes
Authors: Tawe Leabaneng , Motshoge Thato , Ramatlho Pleasure , Mutukwa Naledi , Muthoga Charles Waithaka , Dongho Ghyslaine Bruna Djeunang , Martinelli Axel , Peloewetse Elias , Russo Gianluca , Quaye Isaac Kweku , Paganotti Giacomo Maria 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIdentification of inter-individual variability for drug metabolism through cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6) enzyme is important for understanding the differences in clinical responses to malaria and HIV. This study evaluates the distribution ofCYP2B6alleles, haplotypes and inferred metabolic phenotypes among subjects with different ethnicity in Botswana. A total of 570 subjects were analyzed forCYP2B6polymorphisms at position 516 G > T (rs3745274), 785 A > G (rs2279343) and 983 T > C (rs28399499). Samples were collected in three districts of Botswana where the population belongs to Bantu (Serowe/Palapye and Chobe) and San-related (Ghanzi) ethnicity. The three districts showed different haplotype composition according to the ethnic background but similar metabolic inferred phenotypes, with 59.12%, 34.56%, 2.10% and 4.21% of the subjects having, respectively, an extensive, intermediate, slow and rapid metabolic profile. The results hint at the possibility of a convergent adaptation of detoxifying metabolic phenotypes despite a different haplotype structure due to the different genetic background. The main implication is that, while there is substantial homogeneity of metabolic inferred phenotypes among the country, the response to drugs metabolized via CYP2B6 could be individually associated to an increased risk of treatment failure and toxicity. These are important facts since Botswana is facing malaria elimination and a very high HIV prevalence.
Genome-wide somatic variant calling using localized colored de Bruijn graphs
Authors: Narzisi Giuseppe , Corvelo André , Arora Kanika , Bergmann Ewa A. , Shah Minita , Musunuri Rajeeva , Emde Anne-Katrin , Robine Nicolas , Vacic Vladimir , Zody Michael C. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractReliable detection of somatic variations is of critical importance in cancer research. Here we present Lancet, an accurate and sensitive somatic variant caller, which detects SNVs and indels by jointly analyzing reads from tumor and matched normal samples using colored de Bruijn graphs. We demonstrate, through extensive experimental comparison on synthetic and real whole-genome sequencing datasets, that Lancet has better accuracy, especially for indel detection, than widely used somatic callers, such as MuTect, MuTect2, LoFreq, Strelka, and Strelka2. Lancet features a reliable variant scoring system, which is essential for variant prioritization, and detects low-frequency mutations without sacrificing the sensitivity to call longer insertions and deletions empowered by the local-assembly engine. In addition to genome-wide analysis, Lancet allows inspection of somatic variants in graph space, which augments the traditional read alignment visualization to help confirm a variant of interest. Lancet is available as an open-source program at https://github.com/nygenome/lancet.
Planning Deficits in Children With Specific Language Impairment Are Reflected in Unnecessarily Awkward Grasps
Authors: Sanjeevan Teenu , Rosenbaum David A. , Mainela-Arnold Elina 
Published: March 2018

PurposeSpecific language impairment (SLI) affects many children, but its symptomatology is still being characterized. An emerging view, which challenges the notion that SLI is specific to language, is that SLI may actually reflect a domain-general deficit in procedural learning. We explored an extension of this hypothesis that a core deficit in SLI involves a domain-general problem in planning.MethodWe used a dowel-transport task to study the extent to which 13 children with SLI and 14 typically developing (TD) controls (ages over both groups between 8;10 [years;months] and 12;11) would adopt initially awkward grasps that ensured comfortable final grasps when reaching out to move a dowel from 1 position to another (the end-state comfort effect). We predicted that children with SLI would be less likely to use end-state comfort grasps than would TD children.ResultsContrary to our prediction, when awkward grasps were needed to ensure comfortable final grasps, participants with SLI showed the end-state comfort effect as often as the TD children did. Unexpectedly, however, in trials where awkward grasps were not needed for comfortable final grasps, the participants with SLI used more awkward grasps than did the TD participants after trials in which initial awkward grasps were needed.ConclusionWe suggest that this perseverative behavior is indicative of a domain-general problem in planning in SLI.
Stoffwechselkrankheit Gicht
Authors: Reuss-Borst Monika , Tausche Anne-Kathrin 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Gicht ist die häufigste entzündliche Gelenkerkrankung. Ihr liegt mit der Hyperurikämie als Ursache eine metabolische Störung zugrunde. Abgelagerte Harnsäurekristalle führen zu den typischen anfallsartigen Gelenkentzündungen. In den letzten Jahrzehnten ist die Gichtinzidenz zusammen mit anderen metabolischen Erkrankungen zunehmend. Der Rheumatologe ist besonders gefragt, wenn sich die Gicht klinisch nicht typisch manifestiert (oligo- und polyartikulär), also andere Differenzialdiagnosen infrage kommen, wenn bereits Komplikationen aufgetreten sind (fortgeschrittene Arthropathie, tophöse Gicht, zunehmende Nierenfunktionseinschränkung) oder wenn sich die Therapie aufgrund von Komorbiditäten schwierig gestaltet. Im Allgemeinen ist die Diagnostik der Gicht für den erfahrenen Rheumatologen keine Herausforderung, zumal er über Tools wie die Gelenksonografie und Gelenkpunktion mit mikroskopischer Beurteilung von Synovialflüssigkeit verfügt. Auch erscheint die Behandlung der Gicht als „treat-to-target“-Konzept in Analogie zu anderen entzündlich-rheumatischen Erkrankungen und aufgrund effektiver therapeutischer Optionen vergleichsweise übersichtlich. Immer wieder kommt jedoch die Frage nach eventuell modifizierbaren Faktoren bei der Entstehung der Hyperurikämie und Gicht auf. Die vorliegende Arbeit richtet den Fokus auf die Beeinflussung der zugrundeliegenden metabolischen Ursachen unter Berücksichtigung aktueller wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse. Ziel ist es, den Fokus von der rein symptomatischen Therapie der Entzündung im Gichtanfall hin auf die kausale Beeinflussung der metabolischen Harnsäure-Homöostase zu richten. Dazu gehört neben diätetischen Maßnahmen auch die Modifikation von Harnsäure-erhöhenden Faktoren wie Komedikationen.
Senologische Befunde bei CT-Untersuchungen des Thorax: eine retrospektive Auswertung
Authors: Krug Kathrin , Houbois Christian , Grinstein Olga , Borggrefe Jan , Puesken Michael , Hanstein Bettina , Malter Wolfram , Maintz David , Hellmich Martin 
Published: March 2018

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Die Rate inzidenteller Mammakarzinomen bei CT-Untersuchungen wird basierend auf Auswertungen der Befundberichte mit ≤ 2 % beziffert. Wegen der ansteigenden Frequenz von CT-Untersuchungen und der hohen Prävalenz von Mammakarzinomen sollten Häufigkeit und Art senologisch falsch negativer CT-Befunde auf der Basis retrospektiver Bildauswertungen überprüft werden.
Material und Methoden Alle erstmalig im Jahre 2012 durchgeführten KM-gestützten CT-Untersuchungen des Thorax bei volljährigen Patientinnen wurden retrospektiv eingeschlossen. Ein Radiologe wertete alle Bilddokumentationen nach BI-RADS hinsichtlich senologischer Herdbefunde aus. Alle BI-RADS ≥ 3 Einstufungen wurden von einem 2. Auswerter überprüft und bei divergierender Einschätzung im Konsens besprochen. Basierend auf allen klinischen, radiologischen und pathologischen Angaben wurden Referenzdiagnosen erarbeitet. Die senologischen Informationen der Befundberichte wurden retrospektiv nach BI-RADS klassifiziert und mit den retrospektiven Konsensauswertungen und den Referenzdiagnosen abgeglichen.
Ergebnisse Das Spektrum der Indikationen umfasste Staging und Verlaufskontrollen von soliden Organtumoren/Lymphomen (N  =  701, 59,9 %) sowie vaskuläre (190, 16,2 %), entzündliche (48, 4,1 %) und pneumologische (22, 1,9 %) Fragestellungen. BI-RADS 1/2 Befunde lagen bei 92,5 % und BI-RADS 6 Befunde bei 1,7 % der 1170 Untersuchungen vor. Bei 68 Untersuchungen (5,8 %) wurden retrospektiv BI-RADS 3 – 5 Befunde beschrieben, die in 57 Fällen als benigne (46; 3,9 %) oder maligne (11; 0,9 %) einzustufen waren. 13 BI-RADS 4/5 Einstufungen (1,1 %) der Konsensauswertungen waren falsch positiv. Die beiden gesicherten falsch negativen CT-Befunde (0,2 %) waren therapeutisch und prognostisch nicht relevant.
Schlussfolgerung Bei der kurativen Diagnostik überwiegend nicht senologischer Fragestellungen betrug die relative Häufigkeit von BI-RADS 3 – 5 Befunden 5,8 %. Die Raten gesicherter falsch positiver retrospektiver BI-RADS 4/5-Befunde (1,1 %) und falsch negativer CT-Befundberichte (0,2 %) weichen naturgemäß von Werten aus einem senologischen Screening ab. Aussagen zur Prävalenz des okkulten Mammakarzinoms sind aufgrund des selektierten Kollektivs, der teils unvollständigen Parenchymerfassung und des retrospektiven Ansatzes nur mit Einschränkungen möglich.
Brustkrebs und Alkohol
Authors: Kerschbaum Eva 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungDer Zusammenhang zwischen Alkohol und Brustkrebs steht im Fokus der Wissenschaft, da der genaue Mechanismus, über den Alkohol eine Brustkrebserkrankung fördern kann, noch nicht geklärt ist. Fachgesellschaften wie die IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer) sehen Alkohol als gesicherten Risikofaktor für Brustkrebs. Die akzeptable Alkoholmenge liegt laut D-A-CH-Referenzwerten bei nur 10 g/Tag für gesunde Frauen und 20 g/Tag (ca. 0,5 l Bier oder 0,25 l Wein oder Sekt) für gesunde Männer. Da Alkohol in vielen Kulturen verwurzelt ist und hierzulande viele junge Frauen teilweise große Mengen Alkohol konsumieren, ergibt sich daraus ein besorgniserregendes Gesundheitsproblem. Diesem kann durch einen gesunden Lebensstil mit ausgewogener Ernährung, ausreichend Bewegung, der Vermeidung von Übergewicht und einem eingeschränkten Konsum von Alkohol begegnet und ein Großteil der Krankheitsfälle verhindert werden.
Seeing double: design and enactments of a lesson on perspective‐taking
Authors: Ott Mary , MacAlpine Kelly-Ann , Hibbert Kathryn 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTThis narrative inquiry of a lesson intended to develop perspective‐taking links our understanding of teachers as curriculum makers with a sociomaterial attunement to the ways that materials, forms, and time are also actors in producing curriculum. We offer a close reading of three classroom enactments of the same lesson and discuss ways that these instances of curriculum‐making expanded or diminished opportunities for elementary pupils to communicate shifts in perspective through personal narrative writing. We find temporal, spatial, and material resources, including schedules, technologies, and forms of assessment, to play key roles in shaping relations in curriculum making.
Walking Aid Use in Canada: Prevalence and Demographic Characteristics Among Community-Dwelling Users
Authors: Charette Caroline , Best Krista L , Smith Emma M , Miller William C , Routhier François 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Background
Mobility limitations represent the third most prevalent cause of disability, affecting more than 1.9 million community-dwelling Canadians. Walking aids are often prescribed to reduce the impacts of mobility impairments. There are limited data on walking aids since 2004.

Objective
The objectives of this study were to investigate the prevalence of walking aid use in Canada and to explore demographic characteristics among users of walking aids.

Design
The design used was a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional national survey.

Methods
Data were obtained from the 2012 Canadian Survey on Disability from community-dwelling individuals who were 15 years old or older, had a self-identified activity limitation, and indicated that they used at least 1 walking aid (cane/walking stick/crutches or walker). Prevalence estimates were calculated as weighted frequencies. Analytic variables included walking aid type, sex, age, province/territory of residence, and main cause of activity limitation.

Results
Approximately 1,125,000 community-dwelling individuals who were 15 years old or older used walking aids, representing 4.1% of the Canadian population. Of these individuals, 962,290 used canes/walking sticks/crutches, and 465,340 used a walker. Users of walking aids were predominantly female, with a mean age of 68 years.

Limitations
Self-reported results reflect only the perceptions of individuals living in Canadian communities. Analyses excluded individuals in residential or long-term care settings and individuals living on First Nations reserves.

Conclusions
Since 2004, there has been a 2% increase in the prevalence of walking aid use by the Canadian population, which is likely related to the aging of the population. The high prevalence of walking aid use highlights the need for better use of existing resources to ensure that individuals are receiving the correct devices. Results of this study suggest a need to evaluate the impact of device use to better understand how resources should be allocated for prescription and maintenance of walking aids and training of users.
Treatment for Lentigo Maligna of the Head and Neck: Survey of Practices in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Liu Annie , Botkin Alexis , Murray Christian , Goldstein David , Hofer Stefan O.P. , Solish Nowell , Kitchen Jessica , Chan An-Wen 
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND
Lentigo maligna is an in situ form of cutaneous melanoma that commonly arises on the head and neck. Various surgical and nonsurgical treatment options are available but no randomized trials exist to guide practice.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the current treatment practices for lentigo maligna of the head and neck in Ontario, Canada.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Cross-sectional survey of dermatologists, plastic surgeons, and head and neck surgeons.

RESULTS
The response rate was 35% (190/542). Wide excision with immediate reconstruction was the most commonly recommended treatment for tumors on the cheek (69%), whereas staged excision with margin control was recommended most often for tumors on the nasal ala (60%). Overall, 5 mm was the most frequently recommended initial surgical margin (69%); 26.5% of respondents recommended margins wider than 5 mm. For tumors on the nasal ala, eyelid, and ear helix, more than 30% of respondents recommended an initial margin narrower than 5 mm.

CONCLUSION
Although surgical excision is the predominant treatment modality for lentigo maligna on the head and neck, practices vary considerably in terms of the type of excision and the initial margin used. Potential response bias and the geographic restriction of our sample may limit the generalizability of our results.
Accelerometer-Measured Daily Activity Levels and Related Factors in Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Pozehl Bunny J. , Mcguire Rita , Duncan Kathleen , Hertzog Melody , Deka Pallav , Norman Joseph , Artinian Nancy T. , Saval Matthew A. , Keteyian Steven J. 
Published: March 2018

Background:
Few studies report objective accelerometer-measured daily physical activity levels in patients with heart failure (HF).

Objective:
We examined baseline accelerometer-measured physical activity from the Heart Failure Exercise and Resistance Training Camp trial, a federally funded (R01-HL112979) 18-month intervention study to promote adherence to exercise in patients with HF. Factors associated with physical activity levels were also explored.

Methods:
Patients with diagnosed HF (stage C chronic HF confirmed by echocardiography and clinical evaluation) were recruited from 2 urban medical centers. Physical activity energy expenditure and the number of minutes of moderate or vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were obtained from 7 full days of measurement with the accelerometer (Actigraph Model GT3X, Pensacola, Florida) for 182 subjects who met minimum valid wear time parameters. Additional measures of health-related factors were included to explore the association with physical activity levels.

Results:
Subjects had 10.2 ± 10.5 minutes of MVPA per day. Total physical activity energy expenditure was 304 ± 173 kcal on average per day. There were 23 individuals (12.6%) who met the recommended goal of 150 minutes of MVPA per week. Men, whites, New York Heart Association class II, and subjects with better physical function had significantly higher levels of activity.

Conclusions:
Consistent with previous research, patients with HF are not meeting recommended guidelines for 150 minutes of MVPA per week.
Mechanisms for intestinal regeneration
Authors: Dubrovsky Genia , Dunn James C.Y. 
Published: March 2018

Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is to briefly summarize the notable structures and pathways in intestinal epithelial growth before presenting the current main areas of active research in intestinal regeneration. As a rapidly advancing field, a number of breakthroughs have recently been made related to the culture of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and to the engineering of intestinal tissue.

Recent findings
ISCs can be derived from fibroblasts and can be cultured in hydrogels under xenogeneic-free conditions. Intestinal organoids can be cultured with neural crest cells to form small intestinal tissues with neuromuscular networks. Endoluminal devices can be placed inside the native intestine to exert mechanical force to induce novel tissue growth.

Summary
A number of recent advances in the field of intestinal regeneration are encouraging and suggest that novel therapies for a wide range of intestinal disorders may be developed in the near future. There are still a number of obstacles before such stem cell therapies can be safely used in humans.