bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drug-Induced Liver Injuries (Clinical Guidelines for Physicians)
Authors: Ivashkin Vladimir T. , Baranovsky Andrey Yu. , Raikhelson Karina L. , Palgova Lyudmila K. , Maevskaya Marina V. , Kondrashina Elina A. , Marchenko Natalya V. , Nekrasova Tatyana P. , Nikitin Igor G. 
Published: April 2019

Aim.Clinical guidelines for the management of adult patients suffering from drug-induced liver injuries (DILI) are intended for all medical specialists, who treat such patients in their clinical practice.Key findings.The presented recommendations contain information about the epidemiological data, terminology, diagnostic principles, classification, prognosis and management of patients with DILI. The recommendations list pharmacological agents that most commonly cause DILI, including its fatal cases. Dose-dependent and predictable (hepatotoxic), as well as dose-independent and unpredictable (idiosyncratic) DILI forms are described in detail, which information has a particular practical significance. The criteria and types of DILI are described in detail, with the most reliable diagnostic and prognostic scales and indices being provided. The pathogenesis and risk factors for the development of DILI are considered. The clinical and morphological forms (phenotypes) of DILI are described. The diseases that are included into the differential diagnosis of DILI, as well as the principles of its implementation, are given. The role and significance of various diagnostic methods for examining a patient with suspected DILI is described, with the liver biopsy role being discussed. Clinical situations, in which DILI can acquire a chronic course, are described. A section on the assessment of causal relationships in the diagnosis of DILI is presented; the practical value of using the CIOMS-RUCAM scale is shown. All possible therapeutic measures and pharmacological approaches to the treatment of patients with various DILI phenotypes are investigated in detail. A particular attention is paid to the use of glucocorticosteroids in the treatment of DILI.Conclusion.The presented clinical recommendations are important for improving the quality of medical care in the field of hepatology.
Clinical and Pathogenetic Parallels of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Gallstone Disease
Authors: Bueverov Aleksey O. 
Published: April 2019

Aim:to analyze the data that has so far been accumulated on the pathogenetic association of gallstone disease (GD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), as well as to assess the effect of cholecystectomy on the NAFLD course.Key findings.The relationship between GD and NAFLD is very complex and seems to be mutually aggravating. There is no doubt that there is an increased risk of GB in NAFLD patients, which is primarily associated with common pathogenetic mechanisms. These include central and peripheral insulin resistance, changes in the expression of transcription factors (liver X-receptor and farnesoid X-receptor) and the bile acid membrane receptors (TGR5). Conversely, the effect of GD on the NAFLD course is assumed, although the pathogenetic factors of this association are still unknown. In recent years, convincing data has emerged concerning the role of cholecystectomy in the NAFLD progression, which may be connected with the development of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, as well as with the disruption of the endocrine balance and the signal function of bile acids.Conclusion.The connection between NAFLD, GD and cholecystectomy is complex and multifaceted. The study of this connection will allow new methods of treatment to be developed.
Hepatoprotection by L-Ornithine L-Aspartate in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Butterworth Roger F. , Canbay Ali 
Published: April 2019

Background.Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading chronic hepatic condition worldwide and new approaches to management and treatment are limited.Summary.L-ornithine L-aspartate (LOLA) has hepatoprotective properties in patients with fatty liver of diverse etiology and results of a multicenter randomized clinical trial reveal that 12 weeks treatment with oral LOLA (6–9 g/d) results in a dose-related reduction in activities of liver enzymes and triglycerides together with significant improvements of liver/spleen CT ratios. A preliminary report described improvements of hepatic microcirculation in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) following treatment with LOLA. Mechanisms responsible for the beneficial effects of LOLA in NAFLD/NASH involve, in addition to its established ammonia-lowering effect, metabolic transformations of the LOLA-constituent amino acids L-ornithine and L-aspartate into L-glutamine, L-arginine, and glutathione. These metabolites have well-established actions implicated in the prevention of lipid peroxidation, improvement of hepatic microcirculation in addition to anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant properties.Key messages.(1) LOLA is effective for the treatment of key indices in NAFLD/NASH. (2) Mechanisms other than LOLA’s ammonia-lowering action have been postulated. (3) Further assessments in the clinical setting are now required.
Application of Fibrin Glue in the Treatment of Rectal Fistula
Authors: Frolov Sergey A. , Kuzminov Alexandr M. , Vyshegorodtsev Dmitry V. , Korolik Vyacheslav Yu. , Minbaev Sharof T. , Bogormistrov Ilya S. , Kim Evgeny V. 
Published: April 2019

Aim:to summarize the literature data on the treatment of rectal fistula using fibrin glue.Key findings:The prevalence of rectal fistula is about 9 cases per 100,000 population. Patients with rectal fistulas are frequently represented by the able-bodied middle-aged population group. The disease is extremely rarely observed in children and elderly people. Thus, this problem has a socially significant character. Fistula elimination is possible only by surgery, which is accompanied by the risk of fistula recurrence and the development of postoperative incontinence. In this regard, low-invasive techniques for the treatment of rectal fistulas, such as the use of fibrin glue, are being actively investigated.Conclusion:The use of fibrin glue as a sphincter-preserving technique eliminates the development of postoperative anal failure, while new technologies and materials aim to reduce the risk of the disease recurrence.
Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio as a Predictor of Adverse Outcome in Patients with Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Lunkov Valeriy D. , Maevskaya Marina V. , Tsvetaeva Ekaterina K. , Mendez Ana G. , Zharkova Maria S. , Tkachenko Petr E. , Ivashkin Vladimir T. 
Published: April 2019

The natural history of liver cirrhosis (LC) is characterized by two stages: compensated and decompensated. Current clinical and laboratory prognostic models, such as Child-Pugh and MELD scales, do not take into account immune dysregulation, as well as it potential impact on the LC decompensation and the survival. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is simple and affordable parameter, representing the imbalance of two distinct immune pathways.Aim:to evaluate relationship between NLR level, mortality and SIRS development in patients with DC.Materials and methods.In this retrospective study 36 patients with DC which were hospitalized in Hepatology Department of V.H. Vasilenko clinic of propaedeutics and internal diseases, gastroenterology and hepatology, Sechenov University from January 2009 to December 2017 were enrolled. Correlation analysis, univariate and multivariable analysis were provided to find factors statistically significantly associated with lethal outcome and SIRS. The optimal cut-off levels for the NLR associated with adverse outcome were determined.Results.AIn multivariable analysis, NLR > 4 (p < 0,001) was statistically significantly associated with lethal outcome in patients with DC during hospitalization (OR: 1.57, [95 % CI 1.125–2.209], p = 0.008). Sensitivity and specificity of this cut-off is 100 % and 79.17 %, respectively. NLR > 4.8 was associated with SIRS development during hospitalization (OR: 1.484, [95 % CI 1.103–1.997], p = 0.009) with 100 % sensitivity and 90 % specificity.Conclusions.NLR is an independent risk factor of lethal outcome and SIRS development in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis.
Association Between Topical Corticosteroid Use and Type 2 Diabetes in Two European Population-Based Adult Cohorts
Authors: Andersen Yuki M.F. , Egeberg Alexander , Ban Lu , Gran Sonia , Williams Hywel C. , Francis Nick A. , Knop Filip K. , Gislason Gunnar H. , Skov Lone , Thyssen Jacob P. 
Published: April 2019

OBJECTIVE
Topical corticosteroids (CSs) are commonly used to treat inflammatory skin conditions including eczema and psoriasis. Although topical CS package inserts describe hyperglycemia and glycosuria as adverse drug reactions, it is unclear whether topical CS use in real life is also associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Two matched case-control studies and one cohort study were conducted using routinely collected health care data from Denmark and the U.K. A total of 115,218 and 54,944 adults were identified as case subjects with new-onset T2D in the Danish and U.K. case-control study, respectively. For the Danish cohort study, 2,689,473 adults were included. The main exposure was topical CSs, and the outcome was incident T2D.

RESULTS
Topical CS was significantly associated with T2D in the Danish (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.25 [95% CI 1.23–1.28]) and U.K. (adjusted OR 1.27 [95% CI 1.23–1.31]) case-control studies. Individuals who were exposed to topical CSs had significantly increased risk of incident T2D (adjusted hazard ratio 1.27 [95% CI 1.26–1.29]). We observed significant dose-response relationships between T2D and increasing potency of topical CSs in the two Danish studies. The results were consistent across all sensitivity analyses.

CONCLUSIONS
We found a positive association between topical CS prescribing and incident T2D in Danish and U.K. adult populations. Clinicians should be cognizant of possible diabetogenic effects of potent topical CSs.
Tratamiento laparoscópico en Hidatidosis hepática: reporte de caso en el Hospital de Clínicas Nicolás Avellaneda.
Authors: Garnica Lilia Rosana 
Published: April 2019

Resumen: La hidatidosis es una zoonosis, que afecta con mayor frecuencia al hígado y pulmón en el hombre, siendo el tratamiento quirúrgico convencional el más usado actualmente. El objetivo del caso clínico es describir la técnica y ventajas del tratamiento laparoscópico en hidatidosis hepática. Se presenta una paciente femenina de 34 años. Recurre por presentar dispepsia y dolor abdominal de 7 meses de evolución, de intensidad creciente, pospandrial. Al examen físico abdominal presento dolor en hipocondrio derecho. Se solicitó ecografía y TAC reveló imagen quística, de bordes netos, en lóbulo hepático derecho, segmento VII. Seguido de inmunomarcación. Luego del diagnóstico, se indicó tratamiento de albendazol 45 días previos y posteriores a la cirugía de destechamiento y marzupializacion con previo tratamiento intraquistico. Se indicó el alta a las 24 Hs, con posterior control por consultorio externo. Se concluye que el tratamiento laparoscópico es seguro y factible para casos seleccionados.
Notas sobre el concepto de Estado terrorista
Authors: Garano Santiago 
Published: April 2019

En este trabajo me interesa plantear un debate sobre el concepto de Estado terrorista, que considero particularmente relevante para el campo de estudios sobre formas de represión y violencia política en el pasado reciente argentino. Argumentaré que en este campo adolecemos de una reflexión sobre el concepto de Estado, es decir, de un armazón conceptual que nos permita abordarlos modos en que esas formas de violencia estatal se engarzaron en distintas burocracias e instituciones, legales y clandestinas, en tiempos de la última dictadura argentina (1976-1983). Para ello, voy a retomar un trabajo del cientista social Philip Abrams en el que propone abordar este problema desde dos conceptos interrelacionados: la idea-de-Estado y el sistema-de-Estado. En función del planteo del autor, analizaremos las fertilidades y límites del término “terrorismo de Estado”, así como daremos cuenta del proceso histórico mediante el cual fue creado por el activismo de derechos para impugnar la represión dictatorial.
El multimedia como semiótica, como medio y como imaginario
Authors: Moreira Alonso Joaquín 
Published: April 2019

Actualmente, “multimedia” parece ser un término ordinario con un sentido claro. Aparece en los medios especializados y en los medios principales, en documentos de gobierno y corporativos, en la publicidad y en conversaciones coloquiales. Sin embargo, un sentido apropiado y específico para ser usado en los estudios de comunicación está lejos de ser claro. En este artículo critico algunas de las definiciones canónicas e intento establecer algunos puntos útiles para comenzar una discusión acerca del tema.En primer lugar discuto la definición según la cual el multimedia es solo la co-ocurrencia de diferentes soportes de mensaje en una sola plataforma porque reduce el multimedia a una simple consecuencia del aparato, sin ningún aspecto comunicacional. Luego discuto la confusión entre características técnicas de los medios digitales y el multimedia en sí.Como todo medio, el multimedia es mucho más que tan solo los dispositivos y características técnicas que lo hacen posible. Por lo tanto, necesitamos un abordaje más comprensivo del multimedia para los estudios de comunicación que incluya un análisis medial, semiótico y fenomenológico.
Core-shell nanofibers as drug delivery systems
Authors: Zupančič Špela 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Core-shell nanofibers have grown in popularity over the last decade owing to their special features and their many applications in biomedicine. They can be produced by electrospinning of immiscible polymer blends or emulsions through a single nozzle or by electrospinning using a coaxial nozzle. Several of the electrospinning parameters allow great versatility for the compositions and diameters of core-shell nanofibers to be produced. Morphology of core-shell nanofibers can be investigated using transmission electron microscopy and, in some cases, scanning electron microscopy. Several studies have shown that core-shell nanofibers have some advantages over monolithic nanofibers, such as better drug, protein, gene or probiotic incorporation into the nanofibers, greater control over drug release, and maintenance of protein structure and activity during electrospinning. We herein review the production and characterization of core-shell nanofibers, the critical parameters that affect their development, and their advantages as delivery systems.
Synthesis and evaluation of some new 1,3,4-oxadiazoles bearing thiophene, thiazole, coumarin, pyridine and pyridazine derivatives as antiviral agents
Authors: Albratty Mohammed , El-Sharkawy Karam Ahmed , Alhazmi Hassan Ahmed 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
In an attempt to produce heterocyclic compounds based on 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives with potential antiviral activity, synthesis of compound 1 [2-(5-thioxo-4,5-dihydro-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)acetonitrile] was performed through the reaction of cyanoacetic acid hydrazide with carbon disulfide in alcoholic potassium hydroxide. Compound 1 has an activating methylene group, so it was directed toward some specific reactions. Thus, aryldiazonium chlorides reacted with compound 1 affording hydrazono derivatives 2a-c. Also, aromatic aldehydes reacted with compound 1 to produce compounds 3a,b. Furthermore, cyclic ketones were subjected to the synthesis of fused thiophene derivatives 4a,b
via reaction with compound 1 in the presence of elemental sulfur. In addition, 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivative 1, when reacted with isothiocyanates, salicylaldehyde or 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, formed thiazole derivatives 5a,b, coumarin derivative 6 and alkenyl derivatives 7a,b resp. Compound 7b underwent cyclization to afford pyridine derivative 8. Arylhydrazono derivatives 9a,b were produced through the reaction of compound 7a with aryldiazonium chlorides. Products 9a,b underwent cyclization to produce pyridazine derivatives 10a,b. Finally, 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivative 1 was directed toward reaction with hydrazine derivatives, bromoacetophenone and ethylchloroacetate affording compounds 11a,b, 12 and 13, resp. Fused thiophene derivatives 14a,b were produced via reaction of compounds 4a,b with a mixture of malononitrile and ethylorthoformate. Antiviral activity of the synthesized products showed that 5-(4-amino-3-ethyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydrothiazol-5-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thione (5a) and 5-(4-amino-3-phenyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydrothiazol-5-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thione (5b) acted as the most active agents against Feline herpes virus, Feline corona virus, Herpes simplex virus-1 and Herpes simplex virus-2, whereas compound 2-(5-(2-phenylhydrazono)-4,5-dihydro-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)acetonitrile (11b) was the most effective against Vaccinia virus, Herpes simplex virus (TK-KOS-ACVr), Coxsackie virus B4 and Vesicular stomatitis virus.
Synthesis and antiplasmodial evaluation of novel mefloquine-based fumardiamides
Authors: Beus Maja , Fontinha Diana , Held Jana , Rajić Zrinka , Prudêncio Miguel , Zorc Branka 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The paper is focused on the synthesis and screening of the antiplasmodial activity of novel fumardiamides 5–10 with the mefloquine pharmacophore and a Michael acceptor motif. Multi-step reactions leading to the title compounds included two amide bond formations. The first amide bond was achieved by the reaction of (E)-ethyl 4-chloro-4-oxobut-2-enoate (1) and N
1-(2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl) butane-1,4-diamine (2). The obtained ester 3 was hydrolyzed and gave acid 4, which then reacted with the selected halogenanilines in the presence of HATU/DIEA and formed products 5–10. Title compounds showed marked, dose dependent activity in vitro against hepatic stages of Plasmodium berghei. IC
50 values of the most active compounds 5, 7 and 9 bearing 3-fluoro, 3-chloro and 3-trifluoromethyl substituents were 3.04–4.16 µmol L−1, respectively. On the other hand, the compounds exerted only weak activity against the erythrocytic stages of two P. falciparum strains (Pf3D7 and PfDd2) in vitro, with the exception of compound 5 (IC
50 = 2.9 µmol L−1).
Antimicrobial assesment of aroylhydrazone derivatives in vitro
Authors: Polović Saša , Bilić Vanja Ljoljić , Budimir Ana , Kontrec Darko , Galić Nives , Kosalec Ivan 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Aroylhydrazones 1–13 were screened for antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities in vitro. N′-(2-hydroxy-phenylmethylidene)-3-pyridinecarbohydrazide (2), N′-(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl-methylidene)-3-pyridinecarbohydrazide (10), N′-(3,5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenylmethylidene)-3-pyridinecarbohydrazide (11), and N′-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenylmethylidene)-3-pyridinecarbohydrazide (12) showed antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, with MIC values (in µmol mL−1) of 0.18–0.23, 0.11–0.20, 0.16–0.17 and 0.35–0.37, resp. Compounds 11 and 12, as well as N′-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylmethylidene)-3-pyridinecarbohydrazide (6) and N′-(2-hydroxy-5- methoxyphenylmethylidene)-3-pyridinecarbohydrazide (8) showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, with the lowest MIC values of 0.005–0.2, 0.05–0.12, 0.06–0.48 and 0.17–0.99 µmol mL−1. N′-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenylmethylidene)-3-pyridinecarbohydrazide (7) showed antifungal activity against both fluconazole resistant and susceptible C. albicans strains with IC
90 range of 0.18–0.1 µmol mL−1. Only compound 11 showed activity against C. albicans ATCC 10231 comparable to the activity of nystatin (the lowest MIC 4.0 ×10−2
vs. 1.7 × 10−2 µmol mL−1). Good activity regarding multi-resistant clinical strains was observed for compound 12 against MRSA strain (MIC 0.02 µmol mL−1) and compounds 2, 6 and 12 against ESBL+ E. coli MFBF 12794, with the lowest MIC for compound 12 (IC
50 0.16 µmol mL−1). Anti-biofilm activity was found for compounds 2 (MBFIC 0.015–0.02 µmol mL−1 against MRSA) and 12 (MBFIC 0.013 µmol mL−1 against EBSL+ E. coli). In the case of compound 2 against MRSA biofilm formation, MBFIC values were comparable to those of gentamicin sulphate, whereas in the case of compound 12 and EBSL+ E. coli even more favourable activity compared to gentamicin was observed.
Changes in biochemical parameters in horses during 40 km and 80 km endurance races
Authors: Klobučar Karla , Vrbanac Zoran , Gotić Jelena , Bojanić Krunoslav , Bureš Tomislav , Brkljača Bottegaro Nika 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
During intensive physical activity horses are exposed to thermolysis, electrolyte loss and rising amounts of catabolic products, which results in alterations of biochemical blood parameters due to the horse’s adaptation to metabolic stress. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of intensive physical activity on serum biochemical parameters in horses competing in 40 and 80 km endurance races. Blood samples were taken from 28 horses before and after the race over four competitions, with a total of 53 samples analyzed. Biochemical parameters studied included creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, urea, creatinine, gamma-glutamyl transferase, glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium. The extent of change in pre- and post-race values was compared between categories of age, gender, breed, distance and average speed of horses. Creatine kinase and blood glucose values prior to the race were higher than the reference values. Values of renal parameters and parameters of muscle damage increased after the races, and the degree of change was more pronounced at longer racing lengths, as well as at lower average speed. Electrolyte loss was more prominent during longer races. This study demonstrated that endurance races cause evident changes in serum electrolyte concentrations, renal parameters and markers of muscle damage in horses. These changes are observable in horses at both short and long duration endurance races.
Efficiency Comparison of Cryptographic Applications, Match-off-Card vs. Match-on-Card, Using National Biometric eID Card
Authors: Krasniqi Gazmend , Filipi Kristaq 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Recently, not only the Internet and mobile devices are changing our daily life but also the usage of national biometric card for every government electronic services. Beside citizen authentication these electronic services require users to encrypt and digitally sign their data or documents. Therefore, biometric cards are used as processing devices for cryptographic applications, whereby there are a lot of security aspects required for secure communication, authentication and encryption among them. Those aspects will be tested in different environments, platforms, devices, PCs, mobile devices and smartcards. This paper compares those two processing systems, Match off Card vs. Match on Card, and their efficiency of encryption and signatures on the data used. How different parameters, time and size of test vectors impacts the process and the role they play on the overall system. The derived results will serve us as a guide for using one processing system in certain environment, minding the efficiency of the data.