bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discovery of structurally diverse sesquiterpenoids from Streptomyces fulvorobeus isolated from Elephas maximus feces and their antifungal activities
Authors: Cao Lu , Tan Jun-Feng , Zhang Zeng-Guang , Yang Jun-Wei , Mu Yu , Zhao Zhi-Long , Jiang Yi , Huang Xue-Shi , Han Li 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThirty-six structurally diverse sesquiterpenoids, including caryolanes (1–12), germacranes (13–16), isodaucane (17), cadinanes (18–22), epicubenols (23, 24), oplopanane (25), pallenanes (26, 27), and eudesmanes (28–36), were isolated from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces fulvorobeus derived from Elephas maximus feces. Pallenane is a kind of rarely reported sesquiterpene with a distinctive C5/C3 bicyclic skeleton and was firstly found from microbial source. The structures of fifteen new compounds (1–4, 13–15, 17, 18, 22, 23, 25–28) were established through detailed spectroscopic data analysis, which included data from experimental and calculated ECD spectra as well as Mosher’s reagent derivative method. Compound 34 exhibited moderate antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii with MIC values of 50 μg/mL. It effectively inhibited biofilm formation and destroyed the preformed biofilm, as well as hindered the adhesion of Cryptococcus species. The current work would enrich the chemical diversity of sesquiterpenoid family.
Graphical Abstract
Investigating Effects of Future Path Visualisation on Path Choices During Collision Encounters
Authors: Kamalasanan Vinu , Fuest Stefan , Sester Monika 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSafe navigation choices made in walkable spaces highly depend on how a traveller perceives and understands the threat from surrounding travellers’ movements. Hence, if a visual medium like an AR headset provides an augmented view where future paths of others are already shown virtually, this could influence the way a person decides to avoid a potential collision. In this work, taking walking conflicts as an example, we first propose different ways of showing the future path in AR and then investigate whether people decide to walk more safety-consciously when seeing AR information. For this, we conducted a web-based user study (n =27), in which participants sketched a walking path that they preferred when avoiding collisions in different crossing scenes. Each scene in the study contained another person walking and crossing the participant’s expected path, while the prediction of the another person’s future walking path was either not visualised or augmented with a virtual arrow. Participants were then expected to sketch a path to their destination while not colliding with the person in the scene. By applying a sketch transformation pipeline, the participants’ drawings were transformed to trajectories of the preferred walking paths, which where then simulated to estimate the conflict severity using the Post Encroachment Time (PET) metric. The study verified that people choose to adapt their walking paths when seeing the future path information, and also react differently to different types of 3D arrow visualisations that represent the same future path.
GC–MS analysis underpins ethnomedicinal properties of Rhododendron flower brews from Singalila Himalaya highlighting the anticipated biosynthesis pathways of the bioactives
Authors: Majumder Soumya , Ghosh Arindam , Bhattacharya Malay 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGuras or Rhododendron wine and its Raksi are popular and therapeutic traditional drinks served in the rhododendron growing regions of the Himalayas; mainly in northern and north eastern part of India, Nepal and Indo-Nepal Singalila ridge. Earlier research showed that samples such as unfermented Guras decoction, wine and distilled liquor Raksi collected from Singalila ridge—the land of Guras exhibited potential bioactivities through various in vitro assays. In this follow-up research, GC–MS analysis was carried out that revealed responsible bioactive candidates which also exhibited correlations with reported physicochemical and biochemical properties. Abundance of phytochemicals including major compound quinic acid (34.97% peak area) was recorded in the unfermented decoction while the wine and Raksi were rich in bioactive fermented products i.e., metabolites of the fermenting microbes of the starter- Marcha. Furthermore, biosynthesis pathways of metabolites were proposed following microbial fermentation.
Graphical Abstract
Drivers of soil organic carbon recovery under forest restoration: a global meta-analysis
Authors: Xu Shan , Eisenhauer Nico , Zeng Zhenzhong , Mo Xiaohan , Ding Yan , Lai Derrick Y. F. , Wang Junjian 
Published: December 2024

AbstractForest restoration by planting tree seedlings is a crucial strategy to mitigate climate change and restore forest functions. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) targets to remove around 70 Pg carbon (C) from the atmosphere via forest restoration. However, the impact of forest restoration on the recovery of soil organic carbon (SOC) and its driving factors remains unclear. Here, we conducted a global meta-analysis, based on 348 observations from 144 studies across 150 sites, to evaluate the recovery time of SOC and the driving factors of surface SOC recovery during forest restoration. We found that soil clay content and stand age were recognized as the dominant factors regulating SOC recovery during forest restoration. Overall, SOC recovery was lower in boreal and Mediterranean forests than that in tropical, subtropical, and temperate forests, lower in burned areas and mine sites than that in other sites, and lower in soils with 0%–20% clay contents than that in those with higher clay contents, and comparable among soils with different pH values. Across studies, surface SOC in restored forests with stand ages ranging from 1 to 200 years did not fully recover to the levels of reference forests. However, the SOC recovery rate was roughly twice as fast in tree polycultures (~ 10 years to plateau) as that in monocultures (~ 20 years). This global synthesis identifies critical drivers of SOC recovery during forest restoration and provides important insights into SOC management in forests.
Graphical Abstract
Engineering, law, and the anticipated İstanbul earthquake
Authors: Kayaalp Ebru 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
There is scientific consensus that an earthquake of a magnitude of at least 7 will soon occur on the North Anatolian Fault, which runs south of İstanbul. This earthquake would render one-fifth of İstanbul’s buildings uninhabitable, which means that approximately 200,000 buildings would be expected to suffer moderate or severe damage. As a part of preparedness for the anticipated earthquake, people in İstanbul are invited to have their buildings risk tested. This article, pivoting on cultural anthropology and science and technology studies, investigates how earthquake-proneness of buildings in İstanbul is technically and legally examined and determined. It ethnographically analyzes the risk assessments and demonstrates that the risk is enacted differently through distinctive engineering practices and legal regulations in different networks. When the two different risk assessment processes are examined in İstanbul, a building that is categorized as risky due to its earthquake vulnerability could be regarded as sturdy in the other assessment.
Using the model of generative change to facilitate informal music learning
Authors: Weatherly Katy Ieong Cheng Ho 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This Participatory Action Research (PAR) investigates the integration of informal music learning in Macau’s educational context, guided by the Model of Generative Change (Ball, 2009). Engaging the participating college students (N = 41), this study explores how learners perceive the formal–informal learning continuum (Folkestad, 2006) through the four stages of informal learning experiences: awakening, agency, advocacy and efficacy (Ball, 2009). Through multiple data collection methods and qualitative analysis, students experienced (a) autonomous learning, (b) joyful peer learning, (c) creative exploration and skill development and (d) resilience through challenges. Moreover, the study highlights the stages of awakening, introspection and critique from the students’ perspectives. Notably, a subset of students, predominantly those with prior formal instrumental training, expressed critiques concerning informal learning, predominantly regarding its perceived lack of systematic structure and foundational skills. These insights suggest a need to further embed informal music learning in Macau to foster a dynamic change towards generativity and a ‘multileveled cultural world’ (Law & Ho, 2015). The implications point to a broader pedagogical shift that values diverse learning experiences, which may enhance the development of a more adaptable, innovative and well-rounded musical skill set within the student population in Macau.
The recruitment of global language inhibitory control and cognitive-general control mechanisms in comprehending language switches: Evidence from eye movements
Authors: Schwartz Ana I. , Negron Joseph , Scholl Colin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Prominent models of the bilingual lexicon do not allow for language – wide inhibition or any effect of general cognitive control on the activation of words within the lexicon. We report evidence that global language inhibitory control and cognitive general control mechanisms affect lexical retrieval during comprehension. Spanish–English bilinguals read language-pure or sentences with mid-sentence switches while their eye movements were recorded. A switch cost was observed in aspects of the eye-tracking record reflecting early spread of lexical activation, as well as later measures. The switch cost was larger for L2-to-L1 switches and was not attenuated when switched words were cognates (Experiment 1). In Experiment 2, switch costs were reduced when the sentences contained a language color cue. These findings are inconsistent with the predictions of the Bilingual Interactive Activation Plus (BIA+) but support the architecture of its predecessor, the BIA. They refute the assumption that early lexical activation is impervious to nonlinguistic cues.
The South Sandwich Tsunami of 12 August 2021: An Underestimated Widespread Tsunami Hazard Around the World
Authors: Roger J. H. M. , Jamelot A. , Hébert H. , Power W. , Gusman A. , Thomas B. E. O. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOn 12 August 2021 a large Mw 8.1 earthquake, detected by global seismic networks, occurred on the South Sandwich subduction zone in the southern Atlantic Ocean. Approximately 1.5 hr later, a tsunami was clearly recorded on King Edward Point coastal tide gauge (South Georgia Island), approximately 800 km north‐west of the earthquake location. Subsequently it was recorded on other coastal stations both in the Atlantic Ocean, and also in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. A careful and systematic analysis of coastal and deepwater sea‐level records highlights three points: (a) the tsunami propagated across four oceans following major submarine features; (b) despite its very low amplitude, it reached as far as the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean, Hawaii and the US West coast as far as Alaska and the Aleutian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; (c) it was recorded twice on New Zealand DART system NZC, with one record of the tsunami from the East and one from the West. This event is an opportunity to highlight the lack of knowledge about the South Sandwich subduction region in terms of its tsunamigenic potential and the associated tsunami hazard in the Pacific ocean. It should lead to an improvement of national tsunami warning procedures, by including this region as a tsunami source zone, for neighboring regions but also for distant countries like New Zealand or French Polynesia.
DNMT aberration-incurred GPX4 suppression prompts osteoblast ferroptosis and osteoporosis
Authors: Ruan Binjia , Dong Jian , Wei Fanhao , Huang Zhiqiang , Yang Bin , Zhang Lijun , Li Chuling , Dong Hui , Cao Wangsen , Wang Hongwei , Wang Yongxiang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOsteoporosis (OP) is a common and fracture-prone skeletal disease characterized by deteriorated trabecular microstructure and pathologically involving various forms of regulated bone cell death. However, the exact role, cellular nature and regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis in OP are not fully understood. Here, we reported that OP femurs from ovariectomized (Ovx) mice exhibited pronounced iron deposition, ferroptosis, and transcriptional suppression of a key anti-ferroptotic factor GPX4 (glutathione peroxidase 4). GPX4 suppression was accompanied by hypermethylation of the Gpx4 promoter and an increase in DNA methyltransferases DNMT1/3a/3b and was transcriptionally promoted by repressive KLF5 and the transcriptional corepressors NCoR and SnoN. Conversely, DNMT inhibition with SGI-1027 reversed promoter hypermethylation, GPX4 suppression and ferroptotic osteoporosis. In cultured primary bone cells, ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) mimicking iron loading similarly induced GPX4 suppression and ferroptosis in osteoblasts but not in osteoclasts, which were rescued by siRNA-mediated individual knockdown of DNMT 1/3a/3b. Intriguingly, SGI-1027 alleviated the ferroptotic changes caused by FAC, but not by a GPX4 inactivator RSL3. More importantly, we generated a strain of osteoblast-specific Gpx4 haplo-deficient mice Gpx4Ob+/− that developed spontaneous and more severe ferroptotic OP alterations after Ovx operation, and showed that GPX4 inactivation by RSL3 or semi-knockout in osteoblasts largely abolished the anti-ferroptotic and osteoprotective effects of SGI-1027. Taken together, our data suggest that GPX4 epigenetic suppression caused by DNMT aberration and the resulting osteoblastic ferroptosis contribute significantly to OP pathogenesis, and that the strategies preserving GPX4 by DNMT intervention are potentially effective to treat OP and related bone disorders.
Stabilization of SQLE mRNA by WTAP/FTO/IGF2BP3-dependent manner in HGSOC: implications for metabolism, stemness, and progression
Authors: Hou Rui , Sun Xinrui , Cao Shiyao , Wang Yadong , Jiang Luo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe metabolic reprogramming in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) affects the tumor stemness, which mediates tumor recurrence and progression. Knowledge of the stemness and metabolic characteristics of HGSOC is insufficient. Squalene epoxidase (SQLE), a key enzyme in cholesterol metabolism, was significantly upregulated in HGSOC samples with a fold change of about 4 in the RNA sequencing analysis. SQLE was positively related to peritoneal metastasis and poor prognosis of HGSOC patients. Functionally, SQLE drove cancer cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis to accelerate HGSOC growth. SQLE was highly expressed in ALDH+CD133+ FACS-sorted cells derived from HGSOC cells and ovarian cancer stem cells (OCSCs)-enriched tumorspheres. SQLE overexpression resulted in enhanced CSC-like properties, including increased tumorsphere formation and stemness markers expression. In vivo, SQLE not only promoted cell line-derived xenografts growth but extended the OCSCs subpopulation of single-cell suspension. Moreover, non-targeted metabolomics profiling from UPLC-MS/MS system identified 90 differential metabolites responding to SQLE overexpression in HGSOC cells. Among them, the dysfunctional metabolisms of cholesterol and glutathione were involved in the maintenance of HGSOC stemness. Previous studies showed the alteration of N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) modification in HGSOC development. Herein, the m6A modification in the 3’UTR and CDS regions of SQLE mRNA was increased due to upregulated methyltransferases WTAP and downregulated demethylases FTO, which was recognized by m6A-binding proteins IGF2BP3, rather than IGF2BP1 or IGF2BP2, thereby stabilizing the SQLE mRNA. These results suggested that SQLE was a novel potential clinical marker for predicting the HGSOC development and prognosis, as well as a potential therapeutic target of HGSOC.
Enhancing grid frequency regulation in low inertia modern multi‐area power systems using cascaded non‐integer control approaches with BESS‐based virtual inertia
Authors: Roy Tushar Kanti , Oo Amanullah Maung Than 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn modern power systems, the integration of inverter‐based renewable energy sources has significantly reduced system inertia, leading to heightened frequency fluctuations and potential instability within multi‐area interconnected microgrids. To counter this, a virtual inertia and damping controller utilizing battery energy storage, leveraging the virtual synchronous generator concept is proposed in this paper. This controller supplements inertia by modulating active power flow, thus stabilizing frequency during high renewable energy source penetration periods. Additionally, to enhance load frequency control, a cascaded controller combining adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system‐assisted fractional‐order PID with a nonlinear FOPI controller is introduced. It should be noted that improper controller parameters can worsen frequency deviations and system stability. Hence, a whale optimization algorithm optimizes control parameters using the integral time absolute error based objective function. Simulation studies on a modified IEEE 10‐generator 39‐bus power system, considering various disturbances like stochastic load‐generation, nonlinear generation behaviours, and time delay, validate the effectiveness of the proposed controller. Comparative analysis demonstrates the superior resilience of the cascaded control approach in managing contingencies within low‐inertia power systems, with a remarkable performance improvement of 87.9811% compared to existing control methods.
Sensing of gas mixtures via nonlinear interferometry
Authors: Sabanin Artem , Krivitsky Leonid , Paterova Anna 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We demonstrate the use of a nonlinear interferometer with bulk lithium niobate crystal for sensing of gas mixtures over broadband mid-infrared (mid-IR) range of wavelengths. Our method utilizes spontaneous parametric down-conversion to generate correlated photon pairs in the visible and mid-IR ranges. We show that by leveraging the phase-matching properties of lithium niobate crystal, it is possible to access the ‘fingerprint’ region of greenhouse gases in the mid-IR range by detection of correlated visible light signal. Our technique enables simultaneous detection of gas mixtures with high spectral resolution and fast readout without the need for specialized mid-IR equipment. The experimental results show its applicability to molecular gas sensing, paving the way for new advancements in environmental monitoring.
Energy Management System for a Smart Grid Including Atmospheric Water Generation
Authors: Ferrari Mario L. , Catttani Lucia , Magrini Anna 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The aim of this paper regards the development of an Energy Management System (EMS) for a smart grid including water extraction from atmospheric humid air. Special attention is focused on the water demand satisfaction with different generation systems and storage technology. The main innovation of this analysis is the application of the EMS tool, usually developed for energy production machines, to optimize, in real-time mode, their integration with a water-collection system. Starting from component models development and validation, the results obtained with the EMS were successfully compared with a standard management approach showing the cost benefits and the related impact on the environmental side. Moreover, different layouts were analyzed to show the benefits due to component integration, especially for the storage systems. In details, the integration of different technologies focusing special attention of energy storage was able to produce important benefits for exploiting renewable sources. So, this approach, based on an EMS tool, was demonstrated as a promising application for energy transition process, considering the importance and flexibility of optimized air-to-water generation systems (AWGs).
Solid-state Hydrogen storage: influence of storage capacity in physisorption
Authors: Barbieri Costantino , Ceglie Vito , Stefanizzi Michele , Torresi Marco 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Hydrogen storage in solid-state is a promising alternative to conventional technologies to overcome some of their limitations, particularly in terms of the amount of hydrogen stored per unit volume. For instance, liquid hydrogen (stored at 1 bar and 20 K) is characterized by a 70.8 kg/m3 volumetric density, but a great amount of energy is required for liquefaction (about 12.5 kWh/kg); whereas, hydrogen stored as compressed gas (350 - 700 bar) at ambient temperature reaches a density ranging from 24.5 to 41.4 kg/m3, however the compression work is significant, and the high storage pressure determines safety issues. Regarding solid-state hydrogen storage, chemisorption is a solution, where hydrogen is stored at moderate pressure and temperature, reaching a volumetric density of 80-110 kg/m3, but between hydrogen and metal hydrides chemical bonds born, which require a significant amount of energy to be break them; moreover, the time required for absorption and desorption is very low. In the context of solid-state storage, carbon materials can be an interesting solution due to their low cost, and their ability to store hydrogen reversibly within a porous structure through physisorption mechanisms, under supercritical conditions. This study numerically investigates the effect of the variation of the tank capacity on the charging, dormancy, and discharging processes. Two similar axi-symmetric geometries are considered by doubling the tank volume from V
1 = 2.5 L to V
2 = 5 L. The physisorption mechanism has been modeled according to the modified Dubinin-Astakhov isotherm model. Initially, the CFD model has been validated on V
1 tank against experimental results available in the literature. Then, simulations have been carried out on V
2 tank to estimate the effect of a storage capacity increase. The simulations on the V
2 tank have been set keeping the same boundary conditions in terms of velocity, density, and temperature at the inlet by doubling the overall amount of hydrogen stored with respect to V
1 tank. The results show corresponding trends in temperature and pressure profiles with only slight differences in their behaviors; in particular, in the final stage of the charging process.