bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibody-mediated cross-linking of gut bacteria hinders the spread of antibiotic resistance
Authors: Bansept Florence , Marrec Loïc , Anne-Florence Bitbol , Loverdo Claude 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe body is home to a diverse microbiota, mainly in the gut. Resistant bacteria are selected for by antibiotic treatments, and once resistance becomes widespread in a population of hosts, antibiotics become useless. Here, we develop a multiscale model of the interaction between antibiotic use and resistance spread in a host population, focusing on an important aspect of within-host immunity. Antibodies secreted in the gut enchain bacteria upon division, yielding clonal clusters of bacteria. We demonstrate that immunity-driven bacteria clustering can hinder the spread of a novel resistant bacterial strain in a host population. We quantify this effect both in the case where resistance pre-exists and in the case where acquiring a new resistance mutation is necessary for the bacteria to spread. We further show that the reduction of spread by clustering can be countered when immune hosts are silent carriers, and are less likely to get treated, and/or have more contacts. We demonstrate the robustness of our findings to including stochastic within-host bacterial growth, a fitness cost of resistance, and its compensation. Our results highlight the importance of interactions between immunity and the spread of antibiotic resistance, and argue in the favor of vaccine-based strategies to combat antibiotic resistance.
Relationship between ocean area and incidence of anthropogenic debris ingested by longnose lancetfish (Alepisaurus ferox)
Authors: Kuroda Mao , Uchida Keichi , Miyamoto Yoshinori , Hagita Ryuiti , Shiode Daisuke , Joshima Hiroki , Nemoto Masaki , Hamada Hiroaki , Yamada Yuta , Takada Hideshige , Yamashita Rei , Fukunaga Kohei 
Published: March 2019

AbstractLongnose lancetfish (Alepisaurus ferox) may has been studied as an indicator of marine pollution caused by marine litter. The objectives of this study were to determine the difference in frequency of occurrence of plastics ingested by longnose lancetfish in different ocean area. In this study, we compared the incidence and characteristics of anthropogenic debris in the stomachs of longnose lancetfish. We examined 91 longnose lancetfish caught by pelagic longline fishing in Sagami Bay, the North Pacific Ocean, approximately 200 km south of Shikoku, and in the Indian Ocean. Broken down by ocean area, the incidence of anthropogenic debris ingestion was highest in Sagami Bay (23 of 34 specimens, 68%), followed by the North Pacific Ocean (1 of 9, 11%), and the Indian Ocean (8 of 48, 17%). The frequency of occurrence increased in area close to the sphere of human habitation. The anthropogenic debris collected in this study were more than 70% classified as plastic sheeting. Stomach content analysis revealed that more than 90% of the plastic fragments were composed of PP and PE, which have specific gravities that are less than that of seawater. The results of this study show that some of the plastics flowing from the land into the sea are spreading through under the water surface of the ocean.
China’s quarter-century struggle with a nuclear North Korea with a focus on its strategic calculation
Authors: Kim Jih-Un 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to describe how China’s approach to a nuclear North Korea has changed and find key variables that explain the changes.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper adopts the traditional qualitative method, referring to different types of reliable and authoritative Chinese and English scholars, books and articles.

Findings
Although China has accumulated distrust of North Korea and reprimanded the regime for its nuclear program, it has never ignored the strategic value or balance – especially vis-à-vis the USA – the neighboring country provides for it. And for that matter, it has been keen to prevent North Korea from bypassing it and getting closer to the USA. With this strategic calculation in mind, China has mostly made gestures in implementing the UN sanctions against North Korea, though not always.

Originality/value
This paper proves that China’s strategic calculation has been a constant key variable that explains its approach toward a nuclear North Korea since the inception of the issue in the early 1990s.
Do embedded employees voice more?
Authors: Tan Alice J.M. , Loi Raymond , Lam Long W. , Zhang Lida L. 
Published: March 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate whether embedded employees proactively provide voice for future improvement, and how interactional justice moderates this relationship.Design/methodology/approachSurvey data were collected from the administrative staff and their immediate supervisors of a major university located in Southern China. The data were analyzed using hierarchical linear modeling.FindingsJob embeddedness was positively related to voice behavior toward organization (VBO) but not to voice behavior toward work unit. Interactional justice was positively related to both types of voice behavior. The relationship between job embeddedness and VBO was stronger among employees who perceived lower interactional justice.Practical implicationsTo encourage voice behavior, organizations should attempt to enhance employees’ job embeddedness by adopting human resource strategies such as providing training that helps employees to meet their long-term career goals. This is particularly important when supervisors fail to treat their employees with fairness. When employees are treated with fairness by supervisors, they are also motivated to speak up. Thus, supervisors should pay attention to the ways in which they interact with employees.Originality/valueThis paper adds to the existing knowledge of the consequences of job embeddedness by examining its relationship with voice, a proactive behavior which can benefit the organization but is considered as risky by the employees. Additionally, studying the moderating effect of interactional justice enriches the understanding of the conditions under which the relationship between job embeddedness and voice may vary. It also reveals the uncertainty management process underlying the influences of job embeddedness and interactional justice on voice behavior.
Perceptions of supervisor competence, perceived employee mobility, and abusive supervision
Authors: Meglich Patricia , Valentine Sean , Eesley Dale 
Published: March 2019

PurposeIn response to the call for deeper investigation of abusive supervision (Martinko et al., 2013), the purpose of this paper is to examine perceived supervisor competence and perceived employee mobility (an individual’s perception of his/her ability to obtain new employment) to better understand contextual and individual factors that potentially influence the degree of harmful supervisory behaviors experienced by employees.Design/methodology/approachResponses from 749 survey participants were analyzed to determine the impact of perceived supervisor competence and perceived employee mobility on perceptions of abusive supervisory conduct. A bootstrapping-based mediation analysis (Hayes, 2012) was used to test for mediation by the variables of interest.FindingsThe authors found that perceived supervisor competence is associated with weakened perceptions of abusive supervision, and that this relationship is partially mediated by respondents’ perceived occupational mobility.Research limitations/implicationsThe data are cross-sectional and were collected with a self-report questionnaire and compiled utilizing student-enumerators. The sample was also regional in scope and lacked information that would indicate if respondents were also supervisors.Practical implicationsThese results imply that perceptions of abusive supervision can be mitigated by building stronger competencies in supervisors, which translates into greater individual employee perceived mobility. Human resource (HR) professionals can implement practices to decrease the likelihood of abusive supervisory conduct by ensuring that supervisors are competent in their jobs, facilitating a coaching/mentoring process between supervisors and subordinates and establishing/maintaining an effective developmental performance feedback process for supervisors.Social implicationsSince perceived supervisor competence is one element of reducing abusive conduct, while also enhancing subordinate perceived mobility, selection and training efforts should focus on hiring and preparing individuals to be effective work supervisors. Enhancing worker capabilities and marketability may result in greater perceived occupational mobility and reduced perceptions of abuse by supervisors.Originality/valueThese results lend support to the argument that perceptions of abusive supervision can be mitigated by building stronger competencies in supervisors, which translates into greater perceived mobility among employees. Organizations may benefit through lowered employee turnover, employees may enjoy more harmonious, supportive relationships with their supervisors and HR staff may benefit by having competent supervisors who do not generate employee complaints and intentions to quit.
Outcome of pregnancies in women with pulmonary hypertension: a single‐centre experience from South India
Authors: Keepanasseril A , Pillai AA , Yavanasuriya J , Raj A , Satheesh S , Kundra P 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveTo study maternal complications and pregnancy outcome in women with pulmonary hypertension, attending a tertiary centre in south India.Study designRetrospective observational study.SettingTertiary centre in south India.PopulationPregnant women with pulmonary hypertension.MethodData regarding demographics, clinical course, medication received, and echocardiographic diagnosis regarding pulmonary hypertension and antenatal care received were collected from the records. Details of labour and delivery, and postpartum follow up were retrieved. We compared the outcome based on the presence or absence of cyanosis and right ventricular systolic pressure levels.Main outcome measuresMaternal mortality, occurrence of complications such as heart failure, fetal growth restriction.ResultsThere were 81 pregnancies in 73 women with pulmonary hypertension. The majority of them had pulmonary hypertension secondary to congenital heart disease (80.8%); 17.8% had Eisenmenger syndrome. An advanced pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) medication, sildenafil, was administered in 25 (31.3%) pregnancies. There were four maternal deaths, of which three had Eisenmenger syndrome. Heart failure complicated 6.3% and fetal growth restriction 26.3% of pregnancies. Morbidity was significantly increased in women with pulmonary hypertension associated with a cyanotic cardiac lesion or with right ventricular systolic pressure >70 mmHg.ConclusionDespite advances in care, mortality in pregnant women with pulmonary hypertension is a matter of concern, especially in those with Eisenmenger syndrome. Multidisciplinary team management in tertiary centres and the use of advanced PAH medications even in low‐ to middle‐income countries with limited resources, could lead to a reduction in morbidity and mortality related to pulmonary hypertension.Tweetable abstractMultidisciplinary care and use of new medication may improve outcomes in pregnant women with pulmonary hypertension.
Persistence of smoking induced non‐small cell lung carcinogenesis by decreasing ERBB pathway‐related microRNA expression
Authors: Zhang Lianmin , Wang Hailong , Wang Changli 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundTobacco use is responsible for approximately 80–90% of non‐small cell lung cancer cases. A large evidence base has shown that the ERBB pathway is associated with the occurrence of lung cancer. However, the mechanisms of how smoking activates the ERBB pathway have yet to be explained. We hypothesized that microRNAs may induce ERBB pathway activity during the process of lung cancer carcinogenesis.MethodsWe analyzed microRNA array data from the Gene Expression Omnibus and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes to determine any associations between genes and smoking in three groups of patients with NSCLC: smokers, former smokers, and non‐smokers.ResultsThe interaction network among miRNAs, including hsa‐mir‐185‐3p, hsa‐mir‐4295, hsa‐mir‐4288, and hsa‐mir‐613, promotes lung cancer development by affecting the ERBB pathway.ConclusionOur findings provide evidence to explain the mechanism of lung cancer development in smokers.
Range expansion of the small spruce bark beetle Ips amitinus: a newcomer in northern Europe
Authors: Økland Bjørn , Flø Daniel , Schroeder Martin , Zach Peter , Cocos Dragos , Martikainen Petri , Siitonen Juha , Mandelshtam Michail Y. , Musolin Dmitry L. , Neuvonen Seppo , Vakula Jozef , Nikolov Christo , Lindelöw Åke , Voolma Kaljo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIps amitinus arrived in Northern Europe at the beginning of 1900s, although its recent expansions to the northernmost conifers have been rapid.
Analyses of recent records, MaxEnt models and regional population size estimates are used to discuss its peculiar range shifts and potential as a forest pest in Northern Europe.
Ips amitinus was probably absent in northern glacial refugia for Norway spruce in the Russian plain and northward expansions from its glacial refugia in the Central European mountains may have been slowed down by: (i) ecological barriers of post‐glacial dry plains and bogs in Central Europe; (ii) heavy utilization of conifers; and (iii) Allee effects as a result of fragmented forests and an unfavourable climate for a cold‐adapted species in the continental lowlands.
MaxEnt models predict that I. amitinus may become widespread in the Northern European forests, whereas its populations in the southernmost mountain ranges of Europe may decline in the future.
The population levels of I. amitinus in recently invaded northern areas are still lower than those in core areas of Central Europe, although the population development in Central Europe indicates that future bark beetle outbreak periods may boost the I. amitinus populations in Northern Europe as well.
Hysterectomy‐corrected cervical cancer mortality rates in Denmark during 2002‐2015: A registry‐based cohort study
Authors: Hammer Anne , Kahlert Johnny , Gravitt Patti E. , Rositch Anne F. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntroductionWe aimed to describe the cervical cancer mortality rates after correcting for hysterectomy and to evaluate trends over calendar time and by age.Material and methodsUsing data from nationwide registries, we calculated uncorrected and hysterectomy‐corrected cervical cancer mortality rates among women age ≥20 years in Denmark during 2002‐2015. We calculated hysterectomy‐corrected rates by subtracting post‐hysterectomy person‐years from the denominator, unless hysterectomy was performed due to cervical cancer.ResultsThe age‐standardized hysterectomy‐corrected cervical cancer mortality rate of 5.8/100 000 was 18.4% higher than the corresponding uncorrected rate. The hysterectomy‐corrected cervical cancer mortality rate increased significantly with age, particularly in women aged 65+ (annual percent change +4.57), peaking at 26.1/100 000 person‐years in women aged ≥85. The hysterectomy‐corrected cervical cancer mortality declined significantly over calendar time, from 6.3/100 000 person‐years in 2002 to 4.5/100 000 person‐years in 2015 (annual percent change −0.22). This was mainly due to a significant decline in women aged 60 years and older, from 20.4/100 000 person‐years in 2003 to 9.3/100 000 person‐years in 2015 (annual percent change −0.75).ConclusionsThe mortality of cervical cancer increased significantly by age, particularly among women aged 65 years and older for whom routine cervical cancer screening is not recommended. Understanding reasons for the high mortality rate in older women is critical, as this may help identify interventions needed to ensure a continued decline in cervical cancer mortality in older Danish women.
Bilateral anterior capsulotomy enhances medication compliance in patients with epilepsy and psychiatric comorbidities
Authors: Huang Peng , Zheng‐Dao Deng , Sun Bo‐Min , Pan Yi‐Xin , Zhang Jing , Wang Tao , Liu Wei , Jin Hai‐Yan , Zhan Shi‐Kun 
Published: March 2019

SummaryObjectivesPatients with epilepsy and refractory comorbid psychiatric disorders often experience functional impairments and a lower quality of life as well as showing a lack of compliance with anti‐epileptic medication regimens. We reasoned that widespread clinical benefits could be gained if the psychiatric comorbidities among these patients were reduced. In this study, we assessed the utility of anterior capsulotomy in managing medication‐refractory comorbid psychotic symptoms and aggression in patients with epilepsy.MethodsIn this retrospective case series, we evaluated the clinical outcomes of 13 epilepsy patients with severe psychiatric comorbidities who had received bilateral anterior capsulotomy. Clinical outcome assessments were performed at 1 week, 6 months, 1 year, and several years after surgery focusing on: (a) severity of psychotic symptoms, as assessed by the 18‐item Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; (b) severity of impulsivity and aggression, measured by the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale‐11 and the Buss‐Perry Aggression Scale; and (c) social function and quality of life, assessed by the Social Disability Screening Scale and the Quality of Life in Epilepsy.ResultsAfter anterior capsulotomy, patients displayed significant improvements of psychotic symptoms, as well as of impulsivity and aggression, along with improvements of social function and quality of life. The clinical benefits to patients were evident within 6 months after surgery and remained stable or continued to improve at a much slower rate thereafter. Furthermore, after anterior capsulotomy all patients complied with epilepsy interventions that they did not comply with prior to surgery. No significant side effects or complications occurred during the study.ConclusionAnterior capsulotomy seems to be a safe and effective treatment for epilepsy patients with otherwise intractable comorbid psychotic symptoms and aggression. Moreover, this neurosurgical treatment may improve the patients' social function, quality of life, and compliance with anti‐epilepsy medication regimens.
Diagnostic utility of two‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography to identify ischemic etiology of left ventricular systolic dysfunction
Authors: Kowalczyk Ewelina , Kasprzak Jarosław D. , Wejner‐Mik Paulina , Wdowiak‐Okrojek Katarzyna , Lipiec Piotr 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundThe differentiation between dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and systolic dysfunction caused by coronary artery disease (CAD) based on clinical and echocardiographic presentation can be difficult in some cases.AimOur study aimed to define differences in myocardial function between patients with ischemic and nonischemic etiology of reduced left ventricular ejection fraction using 2D speckle tracking echocardiography (STE).Material and methodsWe retrospectively analyzed 90 patients (mean age 65 ± 11 years, 70% male) with de novo diagnosed reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (≤45% as determined by the transthoracic echocardiography), who were referred for coronary angiography to determine the presence of significant CAD. On the basis of coronary angiography results, patients were divided into two subgroups as follows: 45 subjects with significant CAD (group A) and 45 subjects without CAD (group B). Acquired transthoracic echocardiographic images were assessed off‐line using 2DSTE. In each patient, we calculated arithmetic mean, median value, and standard deviation of regional longitudinal strain and strain rate of 18 left ventricular segments.ResultsStandard deviation of the regional peak early diastolic strain rate was significantly higher in group A than in group B (P = 0.01). The cutoff value with the highest diagnostic value was >0.37/s—its sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of CAD were 73% and 53%, respectively. The remaining parameters did not differ significantly between the study groups.ConclusionsPatients with systolic dysfunction resulting from CAD have significantly more heterogeneous regional longitudinal early diastolic strain rate assessed by 2DSTE than patients with DCM.
An association study using imputed whole‐genome sequence data identifies novel significant loci for growth‐related traits in a Duroc × Erhualian F2 population
Authors: Ji Jiuxiu , Yan Guorong , Chen Dong , Xiao Shijun , Gao Jun , Zhang Zhiyan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe average daily gain (ADG) and body weight (BW) are very important traits for breeding programs and for the meat production industry, which have attracted many researchers to delineate the genetic architecture behind these traits. In the present study, single‐ and multi‐trait genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) were performed between imputed whole‐genome sequence data and the traits of the ADG and BW at different stages in a large‐scale White Duroc × Erhualian F2 population. A bioinformatics annotation analysis was used to assist in the identification of candidate genes that are associated with these traits. Five and seven genome‐wide significant quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified by single‐ and multi‐trait GWAS, respectively. Furthermore, more than 40 genome‐wide suggestive loci were detected. On the basis of the whole‐genome sequence association study and the bioinformatics analysis, NDUFAF6, TNS1 and HMGA1 stood out as the strongest candidate genes. The presented single‐ and multi‐trait GWAS analysis using imputed whole‐genome sequence data identified several novel QTLs for pig growth‐related traits. Integrating the GWAS with bioinformatics analysis can facilitate the more accurate identification of candidate genes. Higher imputation accuracy, time‐saving algorithms, improved models and comprehensive databases will accelerate the identification of causal genes or mutations, which will contribute to genomic selection and pig breeding in the future.
Cutaneous granulomas with primary immunodeficiency in children: a report of 17 new patients and a review of the literature
Authors: Leclerc‐Mercier S. , Moshous D. , Neven B. , Mahlaoui N. , Martin L. , Pellier I , Blanche S. , Picard C. , Fischer A. , Perot P. , Eloit M. , Fraitag S. , Bodemer C. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundPaediatric cutaneous granuloma with primary immunodeficiency (PID) is a rare condition. The physiopathology is unclear, and treatment is challenging. We report on 17 paediatric cases and review the literature.ObjectivesTo make dermatologists and dermatopathologists aware of the diagnostic value of skin granulomas in paediatric PID.MethodsWe collected data on 17 patients with cutaneous granulomas and PID registered with us and also reviewed 33 cases from the literature.ResultsCutaneous granuloma was the presenting feature of the PID in 15 of the 50 collated cases. The lesions presented as red‐brownish nodules and infiltrated ulcerative plaques, predominantly on the face and limbs. Scleroderma‐like infiltration on a single limb was observed in 10% of the cases. The associated PID was ataxia‐telangiectasia (52%), combined immunodeficiency (24%), cartilage‐hair hypoplasia (6%) and other subtypes (18%). The granulomas were mostly sarcoidal, tuberculoid, palisaded or undefined subtypes. In some patients, several different histopathologic granulomatous patterns were found in the same biopsy. Some granulomas were associated with the presence of a vaccine strain of rubella virus.ConclusionCutaneous granulomas associated with a PID have a variable clinical presentation. A PID can be suspected when crusty, brownish lesions are found on the face or limbs. The concomitant presence of several histological subtypes in a single patient is suggestive of a PID.