bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidural analgesia after minimally invasive esophagectomy: efficacy and complication profile
Authors: Kingma B F , Visser E , Marsman M , Ruurda J P , van Hillegersberg R 
Published: July 2019

SUMMARY
Adequate postoperative pain management is essential to facilitate uneventful recovery after esophagectomy. Although epidural analgesia is the gold standard, it is not satisfactory in all patients. The aim of this study is to describe the efficacy and complication profile of epidural analgesia after minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE). A total of 108 patients who underwent a robot-assisted (McKeown) MIE for esophageal cancer were included from a single center prospective database (2012–2015). The number of patients that could receive epidural analgesia, the sensory block range per day, the number of epidural top-ups, the need for escape pain mediation (i.e. intravenous opioids), the highest pain score per day (numeric rating scale: 0–10), and epidural-related complications were assessed until postoperative day (POD) 4. Epidural catheter placement was achieved in 101 patients (94%). A complete sensory block was found in 49% (POD1), 42% (POD 2), 20% (POD3), and 30% (POD4) of patients. An epidural top-up was performed in 26 patients (24%), which was successful in 22 patients. Escape pain medication in the form of intravenous opioids was given at least once in 49 out of 108 patients (45%) on POD 1, 2, 3, or 4. Overall median highest pain scores on the corresponding days were 2.0 (range: 0–10), 3.5 (range: 0–9), 3.0 (range: 0–8), and 4.0 (range: 0–9). Epidural related complications occurred in 20 patients (19%) and included catheter problems (n = 11), hypotension (n = 6), bradypnea (n = 2), and reversible tingling in the legs (n = 1). In conclusion, in this study epidural analgesia was insufficient and escape pain medication was necessary in nearly half of patients undergoing MIE.
WNT2b Activates Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition Through FZD4: Relevance in Penetrating Crohn´s Disease
Authors: Ortiz-Masià Dolores , Salvador Pedro , Macias-Ceja Dulce C , Gisbert-Ferrándiz Laura , Esplugues Juan V , Manyé Josep , Alós Rafael , Navarro-Vicente Francisco , Mamie Céline , Scharl Michael , Cosin-Roger Jesus , Calatayud Sara , Barrachina María D 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background and Aims
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition [EMT] has been related to fibrosis and fistula formation, common complications associated with Crohn´s disease [CD]. The WNT signalling pathway mediates EMT, and specific WNT/FZD interactions have been related to the activation of this process in several diseases. We aim to analyse the relevance of EMT and WNT ligands and receptors in the penetrating behaviour of CD.

Methods
Intestinal surgical resections were obtained from control and CD patients with a stenotic or penetrating behaviour. Fibrosis was determined by the histological analysis of collagen deposition and EMT by confocal microscopy. The expression of WNT ligands, inhibitors, and FZD receptors was analysed by RT-PCR, WB, IH, and IF studies. The effects of WNT2b and the role of FZD4 in EMT were analysed in HT29 epithelial cells.

Results
Fibrosis and expression of EMT markers were detected in samples from CD patients irrespective of the clinical behaviour. However, an increased colocalisation of E-CADHERIN and VIMENTIN, an increased number of cells expressing WNT2b, and a higher expression of FZD4 and WNT2b/FZD4 interaction, were detected in intestinal tissue from the penetrating compared with the stenotic CD behaviour. WNT2b induced EMT in HT29 cells through FZD4 activation.

Conclusions
An increased EMT, associated with increased WNT2b/FZD4 interaction, was detected in intestinal tissue from CD patients with a penetrating behaviour. WNT2b, through FZD4 activation, induces EMT in vitro which points to a novel pharmacological target to prevent intestinal penetrating complications of CD.
Left ventricular assist device implant and subsequent orthotopic heart transplant after chronic type B aortic dissection
Authors: Kagawa Hiroshi , Ramani Ravi , Keebler Mary , Sciortino Christopher 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The criteria for being placed on the list of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation for an orthotopic heart transplant mention nothing about patients with aortic dissection. Nor are there any guidelines pertaining to the patient with type B aortic dissection. Herein, we report the case of a patient with chronic type B aortic dissection for whom we successfully performed a left ventricular assist device implant followed by an orthotopic heart transplant.
Corneille’s Character Failure: The Problematic Portayal of Sévère in Polyeucte
Authors: Scott Paul 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In Pierre Corneille’s religious tragedy, Polyeucte (1643), the secondary character of Sévère, invented by the dramatist as a former love interest of the protagonist’s wife, has long been held (by contemporary critics and to the present day) to be a positive, noble and virtuous pagan who steals the limelight from the martyr hero. This article offers a radical re-reading of the play, arguing that the depiction of Sévère is more complex and that his probity is questionable throughout the play. At the same time, his mysterious non-conversion at the end of the drama affords him the chance to evolve into a pro-active and unselfish advocate in a way that would have been impossible had he become a Christian. Corneille therefore experiments with characterization in the play, presenting both a perfect central hero and a competing, flawed character as an imperfect hermeneutic counterpoint in what could be termed Cornelian fausse-pistisme.
Study on the layout of GNSS sites for strike-slip faults
Authors: Zou Zhenyu , Jiang Zaisen , Cui Yueju , Zhang Long , Wang Peng , Liu Tai 
Published: July 2019

SUMMARY
In the profile analysis of faults, the distribution of GNSS sites directly affects the accuracy of the results of slip rate and locking depth. This paper discusses strategies for designing the layout of GNSS stations perpendicular to strike-slip faults in terms of site spacing and the Minimum Effective Distance, which is 20 times the locking depth of the fault. Three layout models are proposed considering the complexity of strike-slip faults: (1) Equal spacing layout, in which many stations are deployed in the far field, only a few are deployed in the near field. (2) Equal deformation layout, in which stations are densely arranged in the near field and sparsely arranged in the far field according to the frequency of deformation curve. (3) Equal slope spacing layout, in which stations are arranged according to the nonlinear degree of the deformation curve, with dense distribution in regions with high nonlinearity and sparse distribution in approximately linear regions. The three models were used to redistribute the sites in the Qiaojia to Dongchuan segment of the Xiaojiang fault profile, and their performances were compared with that of the current sites distribution of the segment. The results showed that model 1 is optimal for fitting the accuracy of slip rate and model 3 is optimal for the accuracy of locking depth. Overall, model 3 appears to be the best choice, considering that the accuracy of the locking depth is more difficult to control. One of the main purposes of deployment is to identify the seismogenic depth of the fault. With the locking depth of the fault gradually approaching the depth of the seismogenic layer during an interseismic period, the accuracy of observations of sites deployed at a preset value of historical seismogenic depth of the fault would improve.
Bottom-up analysis using liquid chromatography–Fourier transform mass spectrometry to characterize fucosylated chondroitin sulfates from sea cucumbers
Authors: Yan Lufeng , Li Lingyun , Li Junhui , Yu Yanlei , Liu Xinyue , Ye Xingqian , Linhardt Robert J , Chen Shiguo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFucosylated chondroitin sulfates (FCSs) from sea cucumbers have repetitive structures that exhibit minor structural differences based on the organism from which they are recovered. A detailed characterization of FCSs and their derivatives is important to establish their structure–activity relationship in the development of new anticoagulant drugs. In the current study, online hydrophilic interaction chromatography–Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FTMS) was applied to analyze the FCS oligosaccharides generated by selective degradation from four species of sea cucumbers, Isostichopus badionotus, Pearsonothuria graeffei, Holothuria mexicana and Acaudina molpadioides. These depolymerized FCS fragments were quantified and compared using the glycomics software package, GlycReSoft. The quantified fragments mainly had trisaccharide-repeating compositions and showed significant differences in fucosylation (including its sulfation) among different species of sea cucumbers. Detailed analysis of FTMS ion peaks and top-down nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of native FCS polysaccharides verified the accuracy of this method. Thus, a new structural model for FCS chains from these different sea cucumbers was defined. This bottom-up approach provides rich detailed structural analysis and provides quantitative information with high accuracy and reproducibility and should be suitable for the quality control in FCSs as well as their oligosaccharides.
Avoiding the Hypothetical: Why “Mirror Experiments” are an Essential Part of Survey Research
Authors: McDonald Jared 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAlthough vignettes featuring hypothetical politicians are popular in survey experiments, political scientists rarely explore the tradeoffs between realism and experimental control. In this manuscript, I argue for greater use of “mirror experiments” in political science, or controlled survey experiments that use real politicians and mimic real world situations. This article demonstrates that cognitive burden, brought on by the lack of familiarity with a hypothetical politician, can bias experimental results. Without prior knowledge of a politician, attitudes toward political actors are artificially malleable in laboratory settings, exaggerating treatment effects on traditional approval questions. This article concludes with two empirical demonstrations of these issues, and provides a set of criteria for judging when realistic or hypothetical survey vignettes should be used.
69 Arkansas beef producers’ age impacts educational method preference
Authors: Robinson Julie C , Gadberry Shane , Looper Michael , Kimbrough Chelsey A , Jennings John , Beck Paul A , Russell Mark R , Ward Heidi M 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In November 2017, leaders from each segment of the Arkansas beef industry were invited to participate in a nominal group technique to identify current strengths, weaknesses, and future opportunities of the industry. Results from the nominal group technique were used to develop surveys specifically for beef cattle segments. A total of 325 responses were received. One objective of the study was to evaluate educational preferences including methods for receiving information and group meeting participation. Participants identified with one of 5 age categories including < 31 yrs, 31 to 40 yrs, 41 to 50 yrs, 51 to 60 yrs, and > 60 yrs of age. Participants were also asked to rate methods for receiving information, based on preference where 1 = not preferred and 5 = highly preferred. A correlation between age and preferred method of receiving information could guide future efforts in educational information development. There was a negative correlation between age and social media as the preferred method for receiving information (r = -0.32, P = < .001). No other significant differences were detected between preferred method of receiving information and age. In an effort to be efficient with the educational materials that are produced, and reach as many clientele as possible using the preferred methods of receiving information, Extension specialists can focus on correlations between preferred methods of receiving information. Producers who prefer printed publications as a method of receiving information, also highly prefer display/poster, group meeting/workshop, experiment station field days, and on-farm field demonstrations. Participants whose preferred method of receiving information was a mobile device, also highly preferred social media, online web-based information, distance education, and trade magazines. Extension personnel could concentrate efforts in developing information using the methods listed above to reach larger groups of target clientele, by using highly preferred methods of receiving information.
67 2018 Alfalfa in the South Workshop Series: A review of regional Extension efforts
Authors: Hendricks Taylor J , Tucker Jennifer J , Mullenix Mary K , Mason Katie , Hancock Dennis W , Missaoui Ali , Bouton Joe 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Alfalfa research in the Southeast has steadily increased over the past ten years. Researchers have a renewed interest in this perennial legume as new varieties have been released that are better suited to the challenging climate and use in the Southeast. Extensive effort has been put forth in establishing programs promoting the use of alfalfa as a viable high-quality forage option in the south. In 2018, the “Alfalfa in the South” workshop series was designed to provide in-depth extension education, circulate new research findings, and engage in discussions with producers as related to the use of alfalfa in the southeast. The series consisted of 4 one-day workshops, organized by University of Georgia Extension in conjunction with America’s Alfalfa, and included Extension specialists, faculty, and graduate students from both the University of Georgia and Auburn University. Topics were broken into five classroom learning modules: 1) site selection and establishment, 2) improving animal performance with alfalfa, 3) managing alfalfa for persistence, 4) alfalfa breeding programs, and 5) graduate student research updates. Each workshop concluded with an on-farm demonstration where attendees engaged in discussion with producers utilizing alfalfa in their operation. Postworkshop evaluation results determined that, on a scale of 1 to 5, where “1” was “no change” and “5” indicated “greatly improved,” producers rated their change in interest using alfalfa as a 4.73 and their confidence in using alfalfa management skills as 4.36. Additionally, the producer discussion and field tour section rated the highest, 4.67 (1 being “poor” and 5 being “excellent”); however, all topics rated 4.12 or higher, indicating that attendees found this workshop to be very good to excellent. Of the 60 participants, 68% indicated that they would make some major changes and 32% plan to try to make minor management changes following the workshops.
70 Integrity Beef Alliance I. Program Overview
Authors: Wells Robert S 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Noble Research Institute initiated a cow/calf best management practices (BMP) and marketing program in 2000. Over time, the Integrity Beef Alliance program has matured into a producer-run stand-alone Alliance that has received much favorable attention in the industry. The objectives of the program are: 1.) implement BMP’s, 2.) increase selling weights of calves, 3.) increase calf quality and uniformity, 4.) improve marketing efficiencies, 5.) utilize producer records for improvement, and 6.) educate producers to use of BMP’s. This program has developed stringent protocols that must be adhered to throughout the calf production phase. Protocols and requirements center on cow and bull genetics, herd health, preconditioning criteria, and record keeping. Producers who complete all required documentation and pay an annual membership fee are allowed to sell their calves through a value added calf sale, receive a letter of certification to provide to potential direct market buyers, or market through Superior Livestock Video utilizing the Integrity Beef Alliance logo. Through the utilization of financial and production records, members are able to benchmark themselves against other similar operations in the program and against their own performance over time to determine areas of needed improvement and areas of efficiency. Compared with the 2008 NAHMS data, producers have averaged a 28.6 kg increased weaning weight. Many producers have indicated a higher increase in weaning weight compared to their previous protocols. The program has grown from 11 producers in 2005 to 51 members in 2018.
63 Development and application of a veterinary survey to assess food animal veterinarian shortages: A collaboration between the University of Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service and the Arkansas Veterinary Board
Authors: Ward Heidi M 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Veterinarians are in demand due to regulatory changes that require more veterinary oversight in food animal production. The USDA identifies thirteen counties in Arkansas as having food animal veterinarian deficiencies. In response to the report, the University of Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service collaborated with the Arkansas Veterinary Board to devise a strategy for alleviating the shortages. Upon permission by the veterinary board, Arkansas Extension developed a survey to assess the status and needs of Arkansas veterinarians. The questionnaire was included in the veterinarian license renewal packet, asking - How many doctors are in your practice? What species are you willing to treat? Do any of your doctors do farm calls? For which counties do you provide farm calls? Are you aware of changes to the FDA Veterinary Feed Directive? Would you be interested in learning honey bee medicine? Would you be interested in joining the Arkansas Animal Emergency Response Team? Would you be willing to be a mentor for the 4-H Vet Science Program? Would you like your email included on notifications from the Arkansas VMA? Are there any continuing education (CE) topics that you feel need attention? Of the 965 actively licensed Arkansas veterinarians, 537 returned their responses to the survey. Data was entered into an Excel spreadsheet and shared with the Arkansas Veterinary Board, the Arkansas VMA, and the Arkansas State Veterinarian Office. Using the data, Extension created a comprehensive food animal veterinarian directory that was distributed at various producer meetings and made available electronically on the Extension website. CE suggestions were used to develop the Food Animal Medicine Workshop Series, which was awarded funding by the USDA NIFA Veterinary Services Grant Program. The goal of the CE series is to re-train existing mixed animal veterinarians to improve food animal veterinary coverage for Arkansas producers
60 Arkansas Beef Industry Assessment: Producer Results
Authors: Gadberry Shane , Robinson Julie C , Looper Michael , Kimbrough Chelsey A , Jennings John , Beck Paul A , Russell Mark R , Ward Heidi M 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This study sought producer insight into strengths, limitations, opportunities, and threats to Arkansas’ beef cattle industry. The study included small commercial cow-calf (SC, <50 cows), large commercial cow-calf (LC), purebred (PB), and stocker (ST) operators. The study was completed in 2 phases. Phase 1 involved a listening session. Phase 2 involved a statewide survey based on comments from the listening session. A sample of 100 individuals from each industry group was selected randomly from a larger list of contacts. Participants only completed surveys that aligned with their production system. Participants ranked each comment on a 5-point Likert scale. Response rate was 47%. Response mean and standard deviation was calculated for each comment. The mean and median comment rank were 3.99 and 4, respectively. There was strong negative correlation (-0.72, P < 0.001) among comments mean rank and deviation. The overall 75th percentile (4.26) was used to identify greatest items of importance. Greatest current strengths included benefiting from off-farm income, benefits, and insurance (SC); being able to invest in quality bulls (LC); investing in genetic improvement (PB); and adding value to Arkansas’ cattle industry (ST). Greatest limitations included equipment (SC) and land costs (SC and PB), buyer education (PB), cattle health (ST), and state reputation (ST). Highly important future opportunities include economical feed (SC), beef demand (LC, ST), stewardship (LC), genetic improvement (LC, PB), consumer education (PB), disease management (ST), better marketing systems (ST), and value added programs (ST). Greatest foreseen threats included beef demand (SC), government regulations (SC, LC, PB), market volatility (PB), youth interest and aging farmer (PB), loss of antibiotics (ST), disease resistance (ST), escalating costs (ST), and feed shortage (ST). Listening sessions and surveys provide insight into producer thoughts and concerns and provide a foundation for Extension programming.
61 2018 Southern Section Extension Forum: Collaborating to meet the needs of clientele
Authors: Stewart Lawton , Mullenix Mary K , Hersom Matt , Smith Jason , Moriel Philipe , Rhinehart Justin D 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
A two-day forum was held at the University of Tennessee (UT) Middle Tennessee Research and Education Center to foster collaborative efforts between Extension specialists and county or area agents across the southern United States. The forum was attended by 28 specialists and 18 county or regional agents from across the Southern Section of ASAS. The forum began with a tour of the UT Heifer Development Center. The forum was split into three sessions and included: 1. Transfer of knowledge (Demonstration research), 2. Developing formal education for Extension agents, and 3. Collaborating across state lines to develop Extension Programs. Within each section, a brief presentation was given, followed by break-out sessions to discuss success stories from each state and potential programs to implement. From the break-out session, areas of need identified primarily focused on the development of support resources for Extension agents. Needed outputs identified included a resource guide for conducting on-farm research and demonstration projects with county and regional Extension agents, defining a regional process to provide formal distance education for agents, and development of online coursework and training tools for agents for continuing education. Assessment data indicate that participants had completed an average of 8.4 (± 6.65, range 0.5 to 24) years of service. Agents were asked to rank their level of confidence, using a 5-point Likert scale, with three tasks. Averages (SEM) of that self-assessment are indicated in Table 1. The 2018 Southern Section Extension Forum was a successful effort to bring together collaborators to identify needs and propose programs to improve the impact of Extension.