bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rhizosphere microbiomes diverge among Populus trichocarpa plant-host genotypes and chemotypes, but it depends on soil origin
Authors: Veach Allison M. , Morris Reese , Yip Daniel Z. , Yang Zamin K. , Engle Nancy L. , Cregger Melissa A. , Tschaplinski Timothy J. , Schadt Christopher W. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background
Plants have developed defense strategies for phytopathogen and herbivore protection via coordinated metabolic mechanisms. Low-molecular weight metabolites produced within plant tissues, such as salicylic acid, represent one such mechanism which likely mediates plant – microbe interactions above and below ground. Salicylic acid is a ubiquitous phytohormone at low levels in most plants, yet are concentrated defense compounds in Populus, likely acting as a selective filter for rhizosphere microbiomes. We propagated twelve Populus trichocarpa genotypes which varied an order of magnitude in salicylic acid (SA)-related secondary metabolites, in contrasting soils from two different origins. After four months of growth, plant properties (leaf growth, chlorophyll content, and net photosynthetic rate) and plant root metabolomics specifically targeting SA metabolites were measured via GC-MS. In addition, rhizosphere microbiome composition was measured via Illumina MiSeq sequencing of 16S and ITS2 rRNA-genes.

Results
Soil origin was the primary filter causing divergence in bacterial/archaeal and fungal communities with plant genotype secondarily influential. Both bacterial/archaeal and fungal evenness varied between soil origins and bacterial/archaeal diversity and evenness correlated with at least one SA metabolite (diversity: populin; evenness: total phenolics). The production of individual salicylic acid derivatives that varied by host genotype resulted in compositional differences for bacteria /archaea (tremuloidin) and fungi (salicylic acid) within one soil origin (Clatskanie) whereas soils from Corvallis did not illicit microbial compositional changes due to salicylic acid derivatives. Several dominant bacterial (e.g., Betaproteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadete, Firmicutes) and one fungal phyla (Mortierellomycota) also correlated with specific SA secondary metabolites; bacterial phyla exhibited more negative interactions (declining abundance with increasing metabolite concentration) than positive interactions.

Conclusions
These results indicate microbial communities diverge most among soil origin. However, within a soil origin, bacterial/archaeal communities are responsive to plant SA production within greenhouse-based rhizosphere microbiomes. Fungal microbiomes are impacted by root SA-metabolites, but overall to a lesser degree within this experimental context. These results suggest plant defense strategies, such as SA and its secondary metabolites, may partially drive patterns of both bacterial/archaeal and fungal taxa-specific colonization and assembly.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Is Associated With Altered Glycemic Patterns in Pregnant Women With Obesity
Authors: Farabi Sarah S , Barbour Linda A , Heiss Kristy , Hirsch Nicole M , Dunn Emily , Hernandez Teri L 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveOften unrecognized, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) worsens over pregnancy and is associated with poorer perinatal outcomes. The association between OSA in late pregnancy and metabolic biomarkers remains poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that OSA in pregnant women with obesity is positively correlated with 24-hour patterns of glycemia and IR despite controlling for diet.DesignPregnant women (32 to 34 weeks’ gestation; body mass index, 30 to 40 kg/m2) wore a continuous glucose monitor for 3 days. OSA was measured in-home by WatchPAT 200™ [apnea hypopnea index (AHI), oxygen desaturation index (ODI; number per hour)]. Fasting blood was collected followed by a 2-hour, 75-g, oral glucose tolerance test to measure IR. Association between AHI and 24-hour glucose area under the curve (AUC) was the powered outcome.ResultsOf 18 women (29.4 ± 1.4 years of age [mean ± SEM]), 12 (67%) had an AHI ≥5 (mild OSA). AHI and ODI were correlated with 24-hour glucose AUC (r = 0.50 to 0.54; P ≤ 0.03) and mean 24-hour glucose (r = 0.55 to 0.59; P ≤ 0.02). AHI and ODI were correlated with estimated hepatic IR (r = 0.59 to 0.74; P < 0.01), fasting free fatty acids (fFFAs; r = 0.53 to 0.56; P < 0.05), and waking cortisol (r = 0.49 to 0.64; P < 0.05).ConclusionsMild OSA is common in pregnant women with obesity and correlated with increased glycemic profiles, fFFAs, and estimates of hepatic IR. OSA is a potentially treatable target to optimize maternal glycemia and metabolism, fetal fuel supply, and pregnancy outcomes.
Association of Herpes Simplex Virus Testing with Hospital Length of Stay for Infants ≤60 Days of Age Undergoing Evaluation for Meningitis
Authors: Aronson Paul L , Cruz Andrea T , Freedman Stephen B , Balamuth Fran , Grether‐Jones Kendra L , Lyons Todd W , Fleming Alesia H , Louie Jeffrey , Mistry Rakesh D , Garro Aris C , Shah Samir S , Nigrovic Lise E ,   Pediatric Emergency Medicine Clinical Research Network (PEM CRC) Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Study Group
Published: May 2019

Although neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) causes significant morbidity, utilization of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) HSV polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test remains variable. Our objective was to examine the association of CSF HSV PCR testing with length of stay (LOS) in a 20‐center retrospective cohort of hospitalized infants aged ≤60 days undergoing evaluation for meningitis after adjustment for patient‐level factors and clustering by center. Of 20,496 eligible infants, 7,399 (36.1%) had a CSF HSV PCR test performed, and 46 (0.6% of those tested) had a positive test. Infants who had a CSF HSV PCR test performed had a 23% longer hospital LOS (incident rate ratio 1.23; 95% CI: 1.14‐1.33). Targeted CSF HSV PCR testing may mitigate the impact on LOS for low‐risk infants.
Preventing Delirium Takes a Village: Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis of Delirium Preventive Models of Care
Authors: Khan Ariba , Boukrina Olga , Oh‐Park Mooyeon , Flanagan Nina A , Singh Maharaj , Oldham Mark 
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUNDEach hospital day of delirium incurs greater healthcare costs, higher levels of care, greater staff burden, and higher complication rates. Accordingly, administrators are incentivized to identify models of care that reduce delirium rates and associated costs.PURPOSEWe present a systematic review and meta‐analysis of delirium prevention models of care.DATA SOURCESOvid MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, EMBASE, and PsycINFO.STUDY SELECTIONEligible models of care were defined as provider‐oriented interventions involving revision of professional roles, multidisciplinary teams, and service integration. Included studies implemented multidomain, multicomponent interventions, used a validated delirium instrument, and enrolled a control group to evaluate efficacy or effectiveness.DATA EXTRACTIONWe extracted data on study design; Population, model of care, outcomes, and results.DATA SYNTHESISA total of 15 studies were included. All but two studies reported reduction in delirium or its duration, and 11 studies reported statistically significant improvements. Using random effects models, the pooled odds ratios of delirium incidence were 0.56 (95% CI: 0.37‐0.85) from three randomized controlled trials, 0.63 (95% CI 0.37‐1.07) from four pre–post intervention studies, and 0.79 (95% CI: 0.46‐1.37) from three additional nonrandomized studies.CONCLUSIONSSeveral models of care can prevent delirium. In general, higher quality studies were more likely to demonstrate statistical significance of an effect. The diverse models of care included here explored interventions adapted to specific care settings, especially by addressing setting‐specific delirium risk factors. These care models illustrate a range of promising strategies that deserve growing recognition, refinement, and implementation.
Only When Others Are Watching: The Contingent Efforts of High Status Group Members
Authors: Lount Robert B. , Doyle Sarah P. , Brion Sebastien , Pettit Nathan C. 
Published: May 2019

This research examines how an individual’s place in the status hierarchy affects their willingness to expend effort on group tasks, why this occurs, and a contingency governing this relationship. Among firefighter teams (Study 1), MBA student workgroups (Study 2), and undergraduates in the laboratory (Study 3), we find that the relationship between status and effort, through performance expectations, is contingent on the perceived visibility of one’s efforts (i.e., task visibility). When task visibility is high, greater status leads to higher performance expectations. When task visibility is low or absent, this relationship was not present. Overall, our findings help paint a more complete picture of the relationship between status, performance expectations, and effort in workgroups while also furthering our understanding of the psychological experience of status. Data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2018.3103 . This paper was accepted by Greta Hsu, organizations.
Responsive Pricing of Fashion Products: The Effects of Demand Learning and Strategic Consumer Behavior
Authors: Aviv Yossi , Wei Mike Mingcheng , Zhang Fuqiang 
Published: May 2019

This paper studies the potential benefits of responsive pricing and demand learning to sellers of seasonal fashion goods. As typical in such markets, demand uncertainty is high at the beginning of a season, but there is a potential opportunity to learn about demand via early sales observations. Additionally, although the consumers have general preference for purchasing a fashion product earlier rather than later in the season, they may exhibit strategic behavior—contemplating the benefits of postponing their purchase in anticipation of end-of-season discounts. Our results demonstrate that the benefits of responsive pricing, in comparison with a benchmark case of a fixed-price policy, depend sharply on the nature of the consumers’ behavior. Interestingly, in stark contrast to markets of myopic consumers, when the consumers are all strategic, the benefits of responsive pricing tend to worsen when there is a higher potential for learning. We explain this counterintuitive outcome by pointing to two phenomena: the spread effect and information shaping. For example, sellers of fashion products that consider upgrading their pricing systems to incorporate “accurate response” strategies (i.e., integrating learning and responsive pricing) should be aware of the possibility that such action might lead them to a new and potentially worse equilibrium, particularly when there is a higher opportunity to learn. Despite the fact that price commitment completely eliminates the seller’s ability to learn, it appears to increasingly dominate responsive pricing as the portion of strategic consumers in the market increases. But, although performing better than responsive pricing, a price-commitment policy is typically limited in performing effective discrimination. Finally, we studied the potential benefits of quick response strategies—ones that embed both dynamic pricing and quick inventory replenishment during the sales season—and found that they are particularly significant under strategic consumer behavior. We explain this result by arguing that quick response provides the seller with a real option that serves as an effective implicit threat to the consumers: encouraging them to buy earlier at premium prices rather than wait for discounts at the end of the season. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2018.3114 . This paper was accepted by Martin Lariviere, operations management.
Complementarity of Performance Pay and Task Allocation
Authors: Hong Bryan , Kueng Lorenz , Yang Mu-Jeung 
Published: May 2019

Complementarity between performance pay and other organizational design elements has been argued to be one potential explanation for stark differences in the observed productivity gains from performance pay adoption. Using detailed data on internal organization for a nationally representative sample of firms, we empirically test for the existence of complementarity between performance pay incentives and decentralization of decision-making authority for tasks. To address endogeneity concerns, we exploit regional variation in income tax progressivity as an instrument for the adoption of performance pay. We find systematic evidence of complementarity between performance pay and decentralization of decision making from principals to employees. However, adopting performance pay also leads to centralization of decision-making authority from nonmanagerial to managerial employees. The findings suggest that performance pay adoption leads to a concentration of decision-making control at the managerial employee level, as opposed to a general movement toward more decentralization throughout the organization. This paper was accepted by Bruno Cassiman, business strategy.
The Static Bike Sharing Rebalancing Problem with Forbidden Temporary Operations
Authors: Bruck Bruno P. , Cruz Fábio , Iori Manuel , Subramanian Anand 
Published: May 2019

This paper introduces and solves the static bike rebalancing problem with forbidden temporary operations. In this problem, one aims at finding a minimum cost route in which a vehicle performs a series of pickup and delivery operations while satisfying demand and capacity constraints. In addition, a vehicle can visit stations multiple times but cannot use them to temporarily store or provide bikes. Apart from bike rebalancing, the problem also models courier service transportation and repositioning of inventory between retail stores, where temporary operations are frequently disliked because they require additional manual work and service time. We present some theoretical results concerning problem complexity and worst-case analysis, and then propose three exact algorithms based on different mathematical formulations. Extensive computational results on instances involving up to 80 stations show that an exact algorithm based on a minimal extended network produces the best average results. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2018.0859 .
Emergence of MicroRNAs as Key Players in Cancer Cell Metabolism
Authors: Subramaniam Sugarniya , Jeet Varinder , Clements Judith A , Gunter Jennifer H , Batra Jyotsna 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDMetabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been found to regulate cancer metabolism by regulating genes involved in metabolic pathways. Understanding this layer of complexity could lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches.CONTENTmiRNAs are noncoding RNAs that have been implicated as master regulators of gene expression. Studies have revealed the role of miRNAs in the metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells, with several miRNAs both positively and negatively regulating multiple metabolic genes. The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, aerobic glycolysis, de novo fatty acid synthesis, and altered autophagy allow tumor cells to survive under adverse conditions. In addition, major signaling molecules, hypoxia-inducible factor, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin/phosphatase and tensin homolog, and insulin signaling pathways facilitate metabolic adaptation in tumor cells and are all regulated by miRNAs. Accumulating evidence suggests that miRNA mimics or inhibitors could be used to modulate the activity of miRNAs that drive tumor progression via altering their metabolism. Currently, several clinical trials investigating the role of miRNA-based therapy for cancer have been launched that may lead to novel therapeutic interventions in the future.SUMMARYIn this review, we summarize cancer-related metabolic pathways, including glycolysis, TCA cycle, pentose phosphate pathway, fatty acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and other metabolism-related oncogenic signaling pathways, and their regulation by miRNAs that are known to lead to tumorigenesis. Further, we discuss the current state of miRNA therapeutics in the clinic and their future potential.
The metaphor and the iconic attitude
Authors: Lenninger Sara 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis paper discusses visual metaphors and aspects of similarity in relation to metaphors. The concept of metaphor should here be understood as a semiotic unit that is also a sign (cf. Ricœur, P. 1986.The Rule of Metaphor: Multi-Disciplinary Studies of the Creation of Meaning in Language. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.). This implies that not all semiotic units are signs, but also that not all signs are typical metaphors. The metaphor is a particular kind of sign because of its making use of the openness present in similarity relations. Metaphorical meaning making is related to a quality of vagueness in iconic sign relations. Furthermore, a notion of iconic attitude is proposed as a designation of subjective and intersubjective perspectives that might be taken on meanings founded on similarity. The iconic attitude mirrors the flexibility of thought and responds to the potentiality of vagueness in iconic sign relations; but, at the same time, the iconic attitude works as a stabilizing factor for meaning. Moreover, this attitude is crucial for the specification of the similarity relation in an actual sign experience with an iconic ground.
A Study of Key Indicators of Development for University-Based Entrepreneurship Ecosystems in Taiwan
Authors: Hsieh Ru-Mei , Kelley Donna 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTheoretical concepts related to entrepreneurial ecosystems are currently in the initial stages of development and components of university-based entrepreneurial ecosystems (U-BEEs) are yet to be clarified or defined. This study identifies elements of U-BEEs and employs an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to analyze university-based venture development organizations (VDOs) as research subjects. This study extracted six elements: namely policy, finance, culture, support, human capital, and market, comprising 31 evaluation indicators. The results of this study indicated that “market” was considered the most crucial of the six elements in Taiwan. Finally, this paper provides theoretical and practical implications based on the aforementioned findings.
Double perovskites REBaCo2−xMxO6−δ (RE=La, Pr, Nd, Eu, Gd, Y; M=Fe, Mn) as energy-related materials: an overview
Authors: Tsvetkov Dmitry S. , Ivanov Ivan L. , Malyshkin Dmitry A. , Sednev Anton L. , Sereda Vladimir V. , Zuev Andrey Yu. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This work, based on the experimental and theoretical research carried out by the authors during the last decade, presents an overview of formation, stability and defect thermodynamics, crystal structure, oxygen nonstoichiometry, chemical strain and transport properties of the double perovskites REBaCo2−xMxO6−δ (RE = La, Pr, Nd, Eu, Gd, Y; M = Fe, Mn). These mixed-conducting oxides are widely regarded as promising materials for various energy conversion and storage devices. Attention is focused on (i) thermodynamics of formation and disordering, oxygen nonstoichiometry, crystal and defect structure of the double perovskites REBaCo2−xMxO6−δ, as well as their thermodynamic stability and the homogeneity ranges of solid solutions, (ii) their overall conductivity and Seebeck coefficient as functions of temperature and oxygen partial pressure and (iii) the anisotropic chemical strain of their crystal lattice. The relationships between the peculiarities of the defect structure and related properties of the double perovskites are analysed.
Synthesis and reactivity/stability study of double-functionalizable strained trans-cyclooctenes for tetrazine bioorthogonal reactions
Authors: Ravasco João M. J. M. , Coelho Jaime A. S. , Trindade Alexandre F. , Afonso Carlos A. M. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The unique ability of the bioorthogonal pairs to withstand and unaffect biological processes while maintaining high selectivity towards each other sparked the interest in better probing and controlling biological functions. In early years, trans-cyclooctene (TCO)/tetrazine ligation readily standed out by encompassing most of the bioorthogonal criteria such as its excellent biocompatibility, selectivity and efficiency, and as a result of high HOMO-LUMO gap. Modifications on the TCO scaffold such as cyclopropanation render bicyclononene-based TCOs with high enhancement of its reactivity, whereas other modifications focused on improving the solubility, stability, or enabling the scaffold to act as click-to-release drug delivery system. The implementation of facile methods to enhance its versatility is essential for potentiating drug-delivery strategies and expanding the dynamic range of bioorthogonal on/off control. Considering the remarkable properties of bicyclononene-based TCOs we envisioned that the incorporation of an additional vector for functionalization at the cyclopropane moiety could allow access to more complex and double-functionalized TCO probes. Herein we report the synthesis and study of a double-functionalizable strained trans-cyclooctenes for tetrazine bioorthogonal reactions.
The Complex Process of Mis/Understanding Spatial Deixis in Face-To-Face Interaction
Authors: Bazzanella Carla 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In general, understanding requires cognitive and linguistic skills, encompasses cultural, social, contextual and individual aspects, and is characterised by gradualness and dynamicity.
In this study, the intertwined set of relevant components involved in the complex process of understanding space deixis will be analysed in the specific context of face-to-face interaction. In everyday conversation, this process is unavoidably mutual and may include misunderstanding (which often opens up a way to understanding), repairs, reformulations and negotiation cycles, all of which eventually lead to understanding and mutual comprehension or to communication failure. Many scholars have already pointed out several elements that influence interactants’ understanding in a positive or negative way: on the one hand, shared physical context, cotext, common ground, shared knowledge and avoidance devices; on the other, ambiguity, speakers’ failures, and interactants’ asymmetric features with regard to language and culture. The interactional context, the cotext and the use of multimodal resources (resorted to as co-speech or to substitute language) play a significant role in the dynamic process of understanding spatial deixis, often helping to overcome the difficulties related to peripheral cases of spatial deictics and other causes of misunderstandings, which can either work as a starting point for understanding or lead to communication failure.