bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prenatal and early life origins of adolescence sleep problems: evidence from a birth cohort
Authors: Fatima Yaqoot , Cairns Alice , Skinner Isabelle , Doi Suhail A.R. , Mamun Abdullah Al 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Purpose
This study aims to identify the prenatal and early life predictors of adolescence sleep problems.

Methods
Sleep data (n = 5081) from the 14-year (13.92 ± 0.34 years) follow-up of a birth cohort were analyzed to explore the predictors of adolescence trouble sleeping, nightmares, snoring and sleep talking/walking. Data from the antenatal period till adolescence were explored for identifying predictors of adolescence sleep problems. Modified Poisson regression with a robust error variance was used to identify significant predictors.

Results
Our results suggest that about a quarter of adolescents in our study sample had sleep maintenance problems (nightmares: 27.88%, snoring: 23.20%, sleepwalking/talking 27.72%). The prevalence rate of sleep initiation problems was even higher (trouble sleeping: 40.61%). Our results suggest that antenatal and early-life factors, e.g. maternal smoking, anxiety, sleep problems in childhood, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, and poor health are significant predictors of adolescence sleep problems.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates the predictive role of prenatal and early life risk factors in adolescence sleep problems. It seems that exposure to prenatal and early life risk factors increase the vulnerability for sleep problems later in life, which is further supported by poor health and lifestyle choices in adolescence. Therefore, close observation and mitigation of factors associated with early life risk factors could be a potential strategy for preventing sleep problems later in life.
Application of Microfluidics in Process Intensification
Authors: Santana Harrson S. , Lopes Mariana G. M. , Silva João L. , Taranto Osvaldir P. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIs it possible to miniaturize a chemical plant? Some strategies, such as the process intensification, sustain that the advancements in equipment and production techniques could substantially decrease the equipment size/production capacity ratio, energy consumption and waste generation, resulting in more economic and sustainable operations and consequently reducing the chemical plant size. However, large reductions of equipment volume represent a major challenge for the conventional technologies. In this context, Microfluidics represents a promising technology in the field of system miniaturization. Accordingly, the present research evaluated the concept of process intensification and its relationship with Microfluidics. Initially, the definition and the classification of process intensification were described, following by the explanation of the Microfluidics, highlighting scale-up strategies and examples using miniaturized systems. Afterward, a methodology for miniaturized devices development for process intensification using numerical simulations was shown. Finally, the conclusions are exposed.
Hydrogen Generation in an Annular Micro-Reactor: an Experimental Investigation of Water Splitting Reaction Using Aluminum in Presence of Potassium Hydroxide
Authors: Tekade Shyam P. , Shende Diwakar Z. , Wasewar Kailas L. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Hydrogen is one of the important non-conventional energy sources because of its high energy content and non-polluting nature of combustions. The water splitting reaction is one of the significant methods for hydrogen generation from non-fossil feeds. In the present paper, the hydrogen generation has been experimentally investigated with water splitting reaction using metal aluminum in presence of potassium hydroxide as an activator under flow conditions. The rate of hydrogen generation was reported in the annular micro- reactor of 1 mm annulus using various flow rates of aqueous 0.5 N KOH ranging from 1 ml/min to 10 ml/min. The complete conversion of aluminum was observed at all the flow rates of aqueous KOH. The hydrogen generation rate was observed to depend on the flow rate of liquid reactant flowing through the reactor. At 1 ml/min of 0.5 N KOH, hydrogen generates at an average rate of 3.36 ml/min which increases to 10.70 ml/min at 10 ml/min of aqueous KOH. The Shrinking Core Model was modified for predicting the controlling mechanism. The rate of hydrogen generation was observed to follow different controlling mechanisms on various time intervals at low flow rates of aqueous KOH. It was observed that chemical reaction controls the overall rate of hydrogen generation at higher flow rates of aqueous KOH.
Internationale Lehrkooperationen am Beispiel eines deutsch-polnischen E-Mail-Tandems mit fortgeschrittenen Deutschlernenden und angehenden DaF-Lehrenden
Authors: Claußen Tina , Pawłowska-Balcerska Agnieszka 
Published: October 2018

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Beitrag wird ein Schreibprojekt für angehende DaF-Lehrkräfte in Deutschland und Studierende der Auslandsgermanistik in Polen vorgestellt. Nach einer Darstellung der Rolle des Schreibens im Fremdsprachenunterricht und in der Fremdsprachenlehrerausbildung wird auf ausgewählte Online-Projekte eingegangen. Im nächsten Schritt werden die Ziele und der Ablauf des bereits erwähnten Projekts beschrieben. Im Anschluss daran wird das Projekt aus der Sicht der Lehrenden und Studierenden ausgewertet. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es vor allem, zur Durchführung ähnlicher Projekte mit angehenden DaF-Lehrenden in den deutschsprachigen Ländern und internationalen DaF-Lernenden/-Studierenden – z. B. in der Auslandsgermanistik und in Studiengängen der Übersetzung – zu ermuntern.
Meridian convergence: An alternate methodology
Authors: Malan Johannes , Telukdarie Arnesh , Grobler Hendrik 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This study investigates the development and testing of an approximation method for the Mine Surveyor to calculate meridian convergence. This study, a detailed review of experimental techniques, follows a statistical experimental approach to establish how accurate an alternative method performs against traditional methods of meridian convergence calculation used by the Mine Surveyor. The spatial study is defined by the geographical range of the existing Schreiber Geodetic Tables, ranging from 70 km south of Ndola (Zambia) to 10 km north of De Aar (South Africa). The sample size is established under the constraint of an infinite population. Linear regression in collaboration with the hold-out validation technique is adopted to statistically refine the alternative method of calculation. The computational outcomes of the refined alternative method in comparison to the unrefined method are predominantly closer to the traditional outcomes. Computational outcomes specific to the hold-out validation set demonstrate a maximum sub-

1

″

{1^{\prime\prime }}

variance of

0.650

″

{0.650^{\prime\prime }}

. A sub-variance of

0.650

″

{0.650^{\prime\prime }}

satisfies the South African Mine Survey limits of error. The subsequent clustering of variances at specific variance intervals are similar to comparative studies conducted by T. Soler and R.J. Fury with respect to meridian convergence.
Learning Heterogeneity in Causal Inference Using Sufficient Dimension Reduction
Authors: Luo Wei , Wu Wenbo , Zhu Yeying 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Often the research interest in causal inference is on the regression causal effect, which is the mean difference in the potential outcomes conditional on the covariates. In this paper, we use sufficient dimension reduction to estimate a lower dimensional linear combination of the covariates that is sufficient to model the regression causal effect. Compared with the existing applications of sufficient dimension reduction in causal inference, our approaches are more efficient in reducing the dimensionality of covariates, and avoid estimating the individual outcome regressions. The proposed approaches can be used in three ways to assist modeling the regression causal effect: to conduct variable selection, to improve the estimation accuracy, and to detect the heterogeneity. Their usefulness are illustrated by both simulation studies and a real data example.
Utilization, preference, perception and characteristics of people adopting traditional and AYUSH systems of medicine in India: a systematic review
Authors: Samal Janmejaya , Dehury Ranjit Kumar 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
Albeit Indian system of medicine has been practised since long however it has got recent prominence after some policy decisions made to make it more accessible to the people of India.

Methods
A two fold search strategy was adopted to obtain the literature; search through PUBMED and hand search through cross references. Of the 58 articles obtained through both the search approaches 13 articles were finally included in the review.

Results
The studies reviewed assessed the utilization, preference, perception and characteristics of people adopting traditional and AYUSH systems of medicine in India. Utilization was observed in a particular geographical area (states) and by a specific group of people such as tribal and general population, medical practitioners and religious groups. Perception about AYUSH system was mixed with different segments of the society. Preference among the general population revolved around distrust or frustration with allopathic medicine, cost effectiveness, accessibility, non-availability of other options and less side effects of AYUSH medicines. Moreover people primarily adopted AYUSH systems of medicine based on their personal experiences and recommended the same to other people as well.

Conclusions
A mixed response was observed through this systematic review with regard to utilization, preference, perception and characteristics of people adopting traditional and AYUSH systems of medicine in India. A higher level of awareness and governmental patronization is required to make it available to the common man at the last corner of the society for the benefit of the former and the system as well.
Long-term follow-up of gonadal dysfunction in morbidly obese adolescent boys after bariatric surgery
Authors: Chin Vivian L. , Willliams Kristen M. , Donnelley Tegan , Censani Marisa , Conroy Rushika , Lerner Shulamit , Oberfield Sharon E. , McMahon Donald J. , Zitsman Jeffrey , Fennoy Ilene 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
Elevated body mass index (BMI) is associated with hypogonadism in men but this is not well described in adolescents. The aim is to evaluate gonadal dysfunction and the effects of weight loss after gastric banding in obese adolescent boys.

Methods
Thirty-seven of 54 boys (age 16.2±1.2 years, mean BMI 48.2 kg/m2) enrolled at the Center for Adolescent Bariatric Surgery at Columbia University Medical Center had low total testosterone for Tanner 5 <350 ng/dL. Sixteen had long-term hormonal data for analysis at baseline (T0), 1 year (T1) and 2 years (T2) post-surgery. T-tests, chi-squared (χ2) tests, correlation and linear mixed models were performed.

Results
At T0, the hypogonadal group had higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) (75th vs. 57th percentile, p=0.02), fasting insulin (19 vs. 9 μIU/mL, p=0.0008) and homeostatic index of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (4.2 vs. 1.9, p=0.009) compared to control group. Total testosterone was negatively correlated with fasting insulin and HOMA-IR. In the long-term analysis, BMI, weight, waist circumference (WC), and % excess weight decreased at T1 and T2 compared to T0. Mean total testosterone at T0, T1 and T2 were 268, 304 and 368 ng/dL, respectively (p=0.07). There was a statistically significant negative correlation between BMI and testosterone after 2 years (r=−0.81, p=0.003).

Conclusions
Low testosterone levels but unaltered gonadotropins are common in this group and associated with insulin resistance. While a significant increase in testosterone was not found over time, the negative relationship between BMI and testosterone persisted, suggesting there may be an optimal threshold for testosterone production with respect to BMI. Long-term studies are needed.
Arthur Liebert im Exil
Authors: Mehring Reinhard 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Arthur Liebert was the managing director of the Kant Society and co-editor of Kant-Studien for over 20 years, until 1933. Despite his lifetime of achievement and the challenges he faced as an emigrant, his story remains all but forgotten today. Using archival sources, this essay reconstructs the biographical details of his emigration, focusing on his final years from 1933 to 1946.
Des Herrn Professors Kants Paradoxon des Comoedianten
Authors: Suzuki Márcio 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to show the importance of theatre and theatrical theory in Kant’s philosophical thought by reconstructing his relationship to the dramatic arts and how they shaped his thinking - that is, how he developed a theory of acting which is central to understanding not only his conception of society but also the role played by pragmatic anthropology in his critical system. Indeed, one can say that his theory of the art of acting leaves nothing to be desired in comparison with Diderot’s philosophical program as expressed in the “Paradox of the Actor”, which is considered one of the most important texts on acting in the history of aesthetics.
The Metaphysical Deduction and the Shadow of Humean Skepticism
Authors: Kohl Markus 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
I examine the division of labor between the Metaphysical Deduction (MD) and the Transcendental Deduction (TD). Against a common reading, I argue that the MD is insufficient to prove the a priori origin of the categories. For both Kant and his main opponent, namely Hume, the question of whether the categories have an a priori origin in the pure understanding is inseparable from the question of whether they have objective validity. Since the MD does not establish the objective validity of the categories, it cannot establish their a priori origin either. The MD is nevertheless an indispensable part of Kant’s project because it lays the argumentative groundwork for the proof structure of the TD and because it provides the systematic plan for the future metaphysics of experience.
A chapter in the Byzantine paleography of accountancy: The fractions in the Book of Ceremonies
Authors: Zuckerman Constantin 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Chapter II, 45 of the Book of Ceremonies, a half-edited dossier pertaining to the naval expedition of 949 against the Arabs at Crete, contains a document which is most banal and singular at once. This is a procurement report of miscellaneous supplies recording in each entry the amount spent and the nature of the supplies acquired, occasionally specifying the price per item or per measure. However common such reports are in ancient and modern accounting, this is the only document of its kind preserved from the middle Byzantine period. In line with the State accounting norms inherited from Late Antiquity, all expenses are listed in gold, the silver miliaresia being recorded as fractions of a golden nomisma. The symbols for fractions have not been recognized by editors, translators and students of the text; they were either disregarded or misinterpreted. Restoring their meaning to these symbols allows not only a coherent reading of the report as a whole and a better understanding of the State purchasing process; it also throws light on prices of many items and on the last-minute enterprise which consisted in building Viking-style boats for the Rus’ warriors participating in the campaign.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[aqua-bis(formato-κ1
O)-(μ2-1,1′-(oxybis(1,4-phenylene))-bis(1H-1,2,4-triazole)-κ2
N:N′)copper(II)]hydrate, C18H16CuN6O6
Authors: Li Bo , Shi Zhen-Zhen , Xing Xiao-Jing , Fan Hui-Tao 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
C18H16CuN6O6, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 13.669(6) Å, b = 11.311(5) Å, c = 12.763(6) Å, β = 93.115(7)°, V = 1970.4(15) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0481, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1311, T = 293(2) K.
Global anthropogenic chemicals loads on the environment and the associated chemical footprint and planetary boundaries: a high-resolution regional study
Authors: Tarasova Natalia , Makarova Anna , Fedoseev Andrew , Borisov Danil 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Chemical pollution is a problem of global importance. Substances of main concern of chemists worldwide are heavy metals. Heavy metals, such as copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), vanadium (V), etc., can pose a serious hazard to the environment and human health. Heavy metals are toxic even at very low concentrations. The methodology, described in this paper, considers a migration of chemical pollutants in the environment, in conjunction with the approach used in the Russian regulatory system. Estimations of Maximum Available Concentration overrun show that calculated and experimental data agree to a good extent, particularly for mercury contamination in freshwater bodies. In this study, due to the necessity to obtain data on heavy metals content in water, soil and air, based on available data on emissions, it was decided to use the USEtox model for the simulation of the redistribution of chemicals among such environmental compartments as urban air and air of settlements, fresh waters and coastal sea waters, ocean, agricultural soils and other soils. The USEtox model was chosen because it is available in the free access and its structure can be modified if needed (the model is executed in MS Excel), in addition there is a positive experience in using this model in the combination with Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The algorithm of the calculation of the mass transfer coefficients of chemicals in the hydrosphere and atmosphere, with the use of GIS, is described. This algorithm will provide large amounts of data on the intermedia transfer and transportation of chemical substances with water and air flows and their accumulation in various environmental compartments on a global (the planet Earth) and regional scale for the high-resolution of 0.5°×0.5° grid. In this paper, the case study for the Leningrad Region (the Russian Federation) is presented.
Efficient modular phosphorus-containing ligands for stereoselective catalysis
Authors: Llorente Nuria , Fernández-Pérez Héctor , Núñez-Rico José L. , Carreras Lucas , Martínez-Carrión Alicia , Iniesta Ester , Romero-Navarro Andrés , Martínez-Bascuñana Alba , Vidal-Ferran Anton 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Over several years, our research team has contributed to ligand design for metal-catalyzed stereoselective transformations. This has been achieved with the synthesis and application to organic transformations of interest of an array of structurally diverse P-containing ligands. These range from highly modular enantiopure phosphine–phosphite ligands to supramolecularly regulated enantioselective phosphorus-based catalysts. Our research in supramolecular interactions has also led to the discovery of an unprecedented halogen-bonded rhodium-catalyst.
Beyond a Bag of Words: Using PULSAR to Extract Judgments on Specific Human Rights at Scale
Authors: Park Baekkwan , Colaresi Michael , Greene Kevin 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Sentiment, judgments and expressed positions are crucial concepts across international relations and the social sciences more generally. Yet, contemporary quantitative research has conventionally avoided the most direct and nuanced source of this information: political and social texts. In contrast, qualitative research has long relied on the patterns in texts to understand detailed trends in public opinion, social issues, the terms of international alliances, and the positions of politicians. Yet, qualitative human reading does not scale to the accelerating mass of digital information available currently. Researchers are in need of automated tools that can extract meaningful opinions and judgments from texts. Thus, there is an emerging opportunity to marry the model-based, inferential focus of quantitative methodology, as exemplified by ideal point models, with high resolution, qualitative interpretations of language and positions. We suggest that using alternatives to simple bag of words (BOW) representations and re-focusing on aspect-sentiment representations of text will aid researchers in systematically extracting people’s judgments and what is being judged at scale. The experimental results below show that our approach which automates the extraction of aspect and sentiment MWE pairs, outperforms BOW in classification tasks, while providing more interpretable parameters. By connecting expressed sentiment and the aspects being judged, PULSAR (Parsing Unstructured Language into Sentiment-Aspect Representations) also has deep implications for understanding the underlying dimensionality of issue positions and ideal points estimated with text. Our approach to parsing text into aspects-sentiment expressions recovers both expressive phrases (akin to categorical votes), as well as the aspects that are being judged (akin to bills). Thus, PULSAR or future systems like it, open up new avenues for the systematic analysis of high-dimensional opinions and judgments at scale within existing ideal point models.
Armed Conflict and Schooling in Rwanda: Digging Deeper
Authors: Guariso Andrea , Verpoorten Marijke 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
We study how armed violence affected educational outcomes in Rwanda during the nineties, relying on two waves of population census data and on a difference-in-differences identification strategy. Results indicate that the violence caused a drop of about 1 year of education for the individuals exposed to the violence at schooling age. The drop was slightly larger for girls than for boys. While increased dropouts and school delays explain the drop in primary schooling, secondary schooling was mainly affected by a drop in enrolments. Finally, in a within-country analysis, we find no robust link between subnational variations in the drop in schooling and the intensity of the 1994 genocide – the most intense conflict event that took place in the country over the studied period. We present possible explanations for the observed patterns and provide related policy implications.
Analysis of projectile motion in view of conformable derivative
Authors: Contreras Abraham Ortega , Juan Rosales García J. , Jiménez Leonardo Martínez , Cruz-Duarte Jorge Mario 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This paper presents new solutions for twodimensional projectile motion in a free and resistive medium, obtained within the newly established conformable derivative. For free motion, we obtain analytical solutions and show that the trajectory, height, flight time, optimal angle, and maximum range depend on the order of the conformable derivative, 0 < γ ≤ 1. Likewise, we analyse and simulate the projectile motion in a resistive medium by assuming several scenarios. The obtained trajectories never exceed the ordinary ones, given by γ = 1, unlike results reported in other studies.
Law and Literature: Theory and Evidence on Empathy and Guile
Authors: Chen Daniel L. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Legal theorists have suggested that literature stimulates empathy and affects moral judgment and decision-making. I present a model to formalize the potential effects of empathy on third parties. Empathy is modeled as having two components–sympathy (the decision-maker’s reference point about what the third party deserves) and emotional theory of mind (anticipating the emotions of another in reaction to certain actions). I study the causal effect with a data entry experiment. Workers enter text whose content is randomized to relate to empathy, guile, or a control. Workers then take the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) and participate in a simple economic game. On average, workers exposed to empathy become less deceptive towards third parties. The result is stronger when workers are nearly indifferent. These results are robust to a variety of controls and model specifications.