bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why do companies obtain the B corporation certification?
Authors: Harjoto Maretno , Laksmana Indrarini , Yang Ya-wen 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
This study identifies the factors that influence companies to obtain the B corporation certification. Drawing from institutional isomorphism, gender socialization theory, the ethics of care and social identity theory, the authors examine the impact of geographic locality, product market competitions and owners’ demographic characteristics on a firm’s decision to be a certified B Corporation.

Design/methodology/approach
Using two sets of data, a hand-collected sample of 743 small businesses receiving a B Corporation certification between 2007 and 2014 and a sample of 902 firms participating in a B Lab survey from 2011 to 2013, the authors examine factors that influence firms’ decision to obtain the B Corporation and their environment, social and governance (ESG) performance.

Findings
Firms in states that are democratic-leaning, have a lower hourly wage rate or have a greater religious population are more likely to be early adopters and leaders of the B Corporation movement than those in other states. On average, states with a higher unemployment rate and more democratic-leaning voters have more B Corporation certified firms in each year and over the years. Additionally, product market competition is positively associated with firms’ likelihood of obtaining B Corporation certification and their ESG scores.

Practical implications
This study brings new insights to the understanding of purpose-driven enterprises and factors that influence firms’ decision to go through the B Corporation verification and certification process.

Originality/value
This study establishes a theoretical foundation that becoming a B Corporation is a corporate social responsibility (CSR) action and shows that existing theories explaining the factors motivating companies to engage in CSR can also be applied to explain firms’ motivation to become B Corporations.
The state of art of corporate social disclosure before the introduction of non-financial reporting directive: a cross country analysis
Authors: Venturelli Andrea , Caputo Fabio , Leopizzi Rossella , Pizzi Simone 
Published: December 2018

PurposeAccording to the Directive 2014/95/EU on non-financial information (NFI), from 2017 onwards, large companies of member states will be required to provide a series of social, environmental and governance disclosures. This paper, focusing on the evaluation of the quality of NFI in the UK and Italy before the implementation of the EU Directive, aims to investigate which factors affect the quality of NFI in the comparison between the UK and Italy.Design/methodology/approachTo evaluate the “state of the art” of NFI in corporate social disclosure of British and Italian listed companies, a non-financial score is created, based on specific items concerning the requirements of the EU Directive. To this aim, the authors analyzed the corporate disclosures of 343 large listed companies.FindingsFindings show that the UK is more compliant than Italy. So, regulation could be important to improve NFI in Italy more than in the UK. The results could represent relevant evidence for European policymakers of the action agenda “emphasizing the importance of national and sub-national CSR policies”.Originality/valueThis research represents a preliminary analysis on the EU Directive and on its potential effects. Moreover, this study strengthens the previous literature on the quality of non-financial disclosure.
Effects of fibrinogen and platelet transfusion on coagulation and platelet function in bleeding cardiac surgery patients
Authors: Shams Hakimi Caroline , Singh Sukhi , Hesse Camilla , Jeppsson Anders 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundExcessive bleeding is a significant problem in cardiac surgery. Fibrinogen and platelet concentrate transfusion are used clinically to improve haemostasis and reduce bleeding but little is known about their functional effects on coagulation and platelet function in patients with ongoing bleeding.MethodsForty‐two patients with ongoing bleeding after cardiac surgery were included in an observational study. Patients received either fibrinogen concentrate (n = 16), platelet concentrate (n = 12), or both fibrinogen and platelets (n = 14), median doses 2 g fibrinogen and 2 units platelets given at one occasion. Blood samples were collected before and after transfusion. Coagulation (clotting time and clot stability) was analysed with rotational thromboelastometry, and platelet function with impedance aggregometry. In addition, platelet count and fibrinogen concentration was measured. Chest drain output was measured before and after the transfusion.ResultsFibrinogen infusion resulted in an increase in fibrinogen concentration and clot stability (P = 0.001), but had no effect on platelet aggregation. Platelet transfusion did not significantly affect coagulation, but improved arachidonic acid‐ and TRAP‐induced platelet aggregation (P = 0.017 and 0.034 respectively) and increased platelet count. Combined fibrinogen and platelet transfusion shortened clotting time (P = 0.005) and increased clot stability (P = 0.001), and improved arachidonic acid‐ and TRAP‐induced platelet aggregation (P = 0.004 and 0.016 respectively), and increased fibrinogen concentration and platelet count. The median bleeding volume was 150 (25th‐75th percentile 70‐240) mL/h before, and 60 (40‐110) mL/h after transfusion of fibrinogen and/or platelet concentrate (P < 0.001).ConclusionThe results demonstrate improved coagulation and platelet function following fibrinogen and platelet transfusion in patients bleeding after cardiac surgery.
PAX2 in endometrial carcinogenesis and in differential diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of diagnostic accuracy
Authors: Raffone Antonio , Travaglino Antonio , Saccone Gabriele , Mascolo Massimo , Insabato Luigi , Mollo Antonio , De Placido Giuseppe , Zullo Fulvio 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIntroductionBenign and precancerous endometrial hyperplasias (EH) are differentiated according to two alternative histomorphologic classifications: World Health Organization (WHO) or endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia (EIN) system. The 2017 European Society of Gynaecological Oncology guidelines recommend paired box 2 protein (PAX2) immunohistochemistry to identify precancerous EH. However, methods for interpreting immunostaining and diagnostic accuracy are not defined, and the role of PAX2 in endometrial carcinogenesis is unclear. We aimed to assess: (a) PAX2 expression throughout endometrial carcinogenesis, from normal endometrium to benign EH, precancerous EH, and endometrial cancer (EC); (b) the diagnostic accuracy of PAX2 immunohistochemistry in diagnosing precancerous EH, defining criteria for its use.Material and methodsElectronic databases were searched for from their inception to July 2018. All studies evaluating PAX2 immunohistochemistry in normal endometrium, EH, and EC were included. Univariate comparisons of PAX2 expression were performed with Fisher's exact test (significant P < .05). Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and area under the curve on summary receiver operating characteristic curves were calculated. Subgroup analyses were based on expression thresholds (decrease vs complete loss) and classifications used (WHO vs EIN).ResultsSix studies with 266 normal endometrium, 586 EH, and 114 EC were included. Both decrease and complete loss of PAX2 expression were significantly more common in EC and precancerous EH than benign EH. Diagnostic accuracy was moderate for both PAX2 complete loss and decrease (areas under the curve 0.829 and 0.876, respectively). PAX2 complete loss with EIN system showed the best results (sensitivity = 0.72; specificity = 0.95; DOR = 43.13).ConclusionsPAX2 seems to behave as a tumor suppressor in endometrial carcinogenesis. PAX2 is an accurate marker of precancerous EH; complete loss of PAX2 and EIN classification appear as the optimal diagnostic criteria.
Loss of PTEN expression as diagnostic marker of endometrial precancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Raffone Antonio , Travaglino Antonio , Saccone Gabriele , Campanino Maria R. , Mollo Antonio , De Placido Giuseppe , Insabato Luigi , Zullo Fulvio 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIntroductionEndometrial hyperplasia may be either a benign proliferation or a premalignant lesion. In order to differentiate these two conditions, two possible histologic classifications can be used: the World Health Organization (WHO) classification and the endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia (EIN) classification. The 2017 European Society of Gynaecological Oncology guidelines recommend the use of immunohistochemistry for tumor suppressor protein phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) to improve the differential diagnosis. Nonetheless, its diagnostic accuracy has never been defined. We aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of immunohistochemistry for PTEN in the differential diagnosis between benign and premalignant endometrial hyperplasia.Material and methodsElectronic databases were searched from their inception to May 2018 for studies assessing immunohistochemical expression of PTEN in endometrial hyperplasia specimens. PTEN status (“loss” or “presence”) was the index test; histological diagnosis (“precancer” or “benign”) was the reference standard. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR+, LR−), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and area under the curve (AUC) on summary receiver operating characteristic curves were calculated (95% CI), with a subgroup analysis based on the histologic classification adopted (WHO vs EIN).ResultsTwenty‐seven observational studies with 1736 cases of endometrial hyperplasia were included. Pooled estimates showed low diagnostic accuracy: sensitivity 54% (95% CI 50%‐59%), specificity 66% (63%‐69%), LR+ 1.55 (1.29‐1.87), LR− 0.72 (0.62‐0.83), DOR 3.56 (2.02‐6.28), AUC 0.657. When the WHO subgroup was compared with the EIN subgroup, higher accuracy (AUC 0.694 vs. 0.621), and higher heterogeneity in all analyses, were observed.ConclusionsImmunohistochemistry for PTEN showed low diagnostic usefulness in the differential diagnosis between benign and premalignant endometrial hyperplasia. In the absence of further evidence, the recommendation about its use should be reconsidered.
Adjustment of the area under the concentration curve by terminal rate constant for bioequivalence assessment in a parallel‐group study of lamotrigine
Authors: Yang Jiansong , Ma Peiming , Bullman Jonathan , Nicholls Andrew , Chen Chao 
Published: December 2018

AimA new strength of lamotrigine extended‐release formulation unexpectedly failed to show bioequivalence with the existing strengths at the same dose in a parallel‐group study. We report the post‐hoc analyses conducted to identify the cause and propose an approach for future evaluations in similar situations.MethodsA seemingly bimodal distribution of the half‐life among the study participants prompted the use of terminal‐phase‐rate‐constant‐adjusted area under the concentration curve as the endpoint for bioequivalence assessment. Population pharmacokinetic modelling was also performed to assess the bimodal distribution of apparent clearance and the potential treatment effects on bioavailability.ResultsThe cause for failing to achieve bioequivalence appeared to be a biased representation of a bimodal clearance distribution between the groups. The pharmacokinetic modelling with a mixture routine identified two subpopulations: 88% had a mean clearance of 1.99 l h−1; 12% had a mean clearance of 0.64 l h−1. The low‐clearance population was unequally represented by 13% and 4% of subjects in the reference and test groups, respectively, and treatment appeared to have no significant effect on oral bioavailability. The bioequivalence comparison using the adjusted area concluded with a 90% confidence interval of 0.91–1.06, suggesting that treatment had no significant effect on bioavailability and the formulations would meet regulatory criteria for bioequivalence.ConclusionsThe adjustment of the area under the concentration curve adjusted by terminal‐phase rate constant should be considered for situational application in bioequivalence assessment when there are multiple clearance subpopulations in a parallel‐group study.
Children's oral health in Australia: The past decade's research agenda
Authors: Stormon Nicole , Kazantzis Nicholas , Ford Pauline J. , Lalloo Ratilal 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectivesResearch into dental diseases in children is no longer primarily focussed on biological and dietary factors, with social determinants an important influence. The aim of this study was to systematically review the focus of research on influences on children's oral health in Australia.MethodsRelevant databases were searched for English language publications between 2008 and 2017. Included studies were original research articles with a focus on influences of oral health for Australian children. A thematic synthesis approach was adopted, and included studies were coded using the Fisher‐Owens et al (2007) framework which included child‐, family‐ and community level influences.ResultsA total of 252 studies were included in this review. The focus of the included studies was most frequently on child level influences (n = 200, 79.4%), followed by community level (n = 175, 69.4%) and family (n = 86, 38.1%)‐level influences. Overall, the highest proportion of included studies were on the child level influences of physical attributes (n = 86, 34.1%) and child maturing (n = 83, 32.9%). The influences with the least number of studies were social environment (n = 2, 0.8%), social support (n = 3, 1.2%) and physical safety on both a family and community levels (n = 3, 1.2% and n = 1, 0.4%, respectively).DiscussionMonitoring child level influences of oral health has consistently occurred in national surveys and epidemiological studies. Family level influences are comparatively underinvestigated and should be a focus of future research in Australia. This study has helped to identify area gaps in the literature and can guide future studies.
Will heterotrophic soil respiration be more sensitive to warming than autotrophic respiration in subtropical forests?
Authors: Liu Xiaofei , Chen Shidong , Yang Zhijie , Lin Chengfang , Xiong Decheng , Lin Weisheng , Xu Chao , Chen Guangshui , Xie Jinsheng , Li Yiqing , Yang Yusheng 
Published: December 2018

Understanding the responses of heterotrophic (Rh) and autotrophic (Ra) components of soil respiration (Rs) to warming is important in evaluating and modelling the effects of changes in climate on soil carbon (C) cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. We used a mesocosm system with buried heating cables (5°C warming) to investigate the responses of Rs, Rh and Ra to warming in a subtropical forest in southern China. Soil CO2 effluxes were measured with a portable automatic soil CO2 flux system from March 2014 to July 2015. We found that warming increased mean Rs and Rh from 788 to 1036 g C m−2 year−1 (+31%) and from 512 to 707 g C m−2 year−1 (+38%), respectively. There was no difference in Ra between the warming treatment and the control. The lack of response of Ra to warming was probably because the fine root biomass did not change with warming treatment. Soil warming also increased available dissolved organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon, actinomycetal biomass and arbuscular mycorrhizal biomass. Our results suggest that Rh might be more sensitive to climate warming than Ra, and future climate warming could increase soil C loss from increased Rh in subtropical forest ecosystems.Highlights

A field warming experiment with partitioning of soil respiration in a humid subtropical forest.
Warming increased Rs and Rh without significantly altering soil microbial substrate availability.
Heterotrophic respiration appeared more sensitive to warming than autotrophic respiration.
Warming increased Actinomycetes bacteria and Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.
Diagnostic and prognostic value of noninvasive long‐term video‐electroencephalographic monitoring in epilepsy surgery: A systematic review and meta‐analysis from the E‐PILEPSY consortium
Authors: Kobulashvili Teia , Kuchukhidze Giorgi , Brigo Francesco , Zimmermann Georg , Höfler Julia , Leitinger Markus , Dobesberger Judith , Kalss Gudrun , Rohracher Alexandra , Neuray Caroline , Wakonig Antonia , Ernst Florian , Braun Kees P. J. , Mouthaan Brian E. , Van Eijsden Pieter , Ryvlin Philippe , Cross J. Helen , Trinka Eugen ,   on behalf of the E‐PILEPSY consortium
Published: December 2018

SummaryObjectiveThe European Union–funded E‐PILEPSY network (now continuing within the European Reference Network for rare and complex epilepsies [EpiCARE]) aims to harmonize and optimize presurgical diagnostic procedures by creating and implementing evidence‐based guidelines across Europe. The present study evaluates the current evidence on the diagnostic accuracy of long‐term video‐electroencephalographic monitoring (LTM) in identifying the epileptogenic zone in epilepsy surgery candidates.MethodsMEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for relevant articles. First, we used random‐effects meta‐analytical models to calculate pooled estimates of sensitivity and specificity with respect to postsurgical seizure freedom. In a second phase, we analyzed individual patient data in an exploratory fashion, assessing diagnostic accuracy within lesional and nonlesional temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and extratemporal lobe epilepsy (ETLE) patients. We also evaluated seizure freedom rate in the presence of “localizing” or “nonlocalizing” LTM within each group. The quality of evidence was assessed using the QUADAS‐2 tool and the GRADE approach.ResultsNinety‐four studies were eligible. Forty‐four were included in sensitivity meta‐analysis and 34 in specificity meta‐analysis. Pooled sensitivity was 0.70 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.60‐0.80) and specificity was 0.40 (95% CI = 0.27‐0.54). Subgroup analysis was based on individual data of 534 patients (41% men). In lesional TLE patients, sensitivity was 0.85 (95% CI = 0.81‐0.89) and specificity was −0.19 (95% CI = 0.13‐0.28). In lesional ETLE patients, a sensitivity of 0.47 (95% CI = 0.36‐0.58) and specificity of 0.35 (95% CI = 0.21‐0.53) were observed. In lesional TLE, if LTM was localizing and concordant with resection site, the seizure freedom rate was 247 of 333 (74%), whereas in lesional ETLE it was 34 of 56 (61%). The quality of evidence was assigned as “very low.”SignificanceLong‐term video‐electroencephalographic monitoring is associated with moderate sensitivity and low specificity in identification of the epileptogenic zone. Sensitivity is remarkably higher in lesional TLE compared to lesional ETLE. Substantial heterogeneity across the studies indicates the need for improved design and quality of reporting.
Ecological pleiotropy and indirect effects alter the potential for evolutionary rescue
Authors: DeLong John P. , Belmaker Jonathan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractInvading predators can negatively affect naïve prey populations due to a lack of evolved defenses. Many species therefore may be at risk of extinction due to overexploitation by exotic predators. Yet the strong selective effect of predation might drive evolution of imperiled prey toward more resistant forms, potentially allowing the prey to persist. We evaluated the potential for evolutionary rescue in an imperiled prey using Gillespie eco‐evolutionary models (GEMs). We focused on a system parameterized for protists where changes in prey body size may influence intrinsic rate of population growth, space clearance rate (initial slope of the functional response), and the energetic benefit to predators. Our results show that the likelihood of rescue depends on (a) whether multiple parameters connected to the same evolving trait (i.e., ecological pleiotropy) combine to magnify selection, (b) whether the evolving trait causes negative indirect effects on the predator population by altering the energy gain per prey, (c) whether heritable trait variation is sufficient to foster rapid evolution, and (d) whether prey abundances are stable enough to avoid very rapid extinction. We also show that when evolution fosters rescue by increasing the prey equilibrium abundance, invasive predator populations also can be rescued, potentially leading to additional negative effects on other species. Thus, ecological pleiotropy, indirect effects, and system dynamics may be important factors influencing the potential for evolutionary rescue for both imperiled prey and invading predators. These results suggest that bolstering trait variation may be key to fostering evolutionary rescue, but also that the myriad direct and indirect effects of trait change could either make rescue outcomes unpredictable or, if they occur, cause rescue to have side effects such as bolstering the populations of invasive species.
Amylose lipid complexes formation as an alternative to reduce amylopectin retrogradation and staling of stored tortillas
Authors: Mariscal‐Moreno Rosa María , Figueroa‐Cárdenas Juan de Dios , Santiago‐Ramos David , Rayas‐Duarte Patricia 
Published: December 2018

SummaryThe impact of addition of palmitic acid (PA) on the amylose‐lipid complexes formation and their influence on amylopectin retrogradation were studied. Tortillas prepared with 0.0%, 1.0% and 1.5% (w/w) of PA were stored for 0, 7, and 14 days at 4 °C. Tortillas with 1.0% and 1.5% of PA were softer than tortillas without PA during storage time; this change can be associated with reduction in starch retrogradation. Texture evaluation suggests that retrogradation reduction, influences directly tortilla texture (r = 0.82; P < 0.007). Thermal analysis revealed that tortillas had three endotherms corresponding to melting of (i) retrograded amylopectin, (ii) type I amylose‐lipid complexes and (iii) type II amylose‐lipid complexes. Addition of palmitic acid to masa during tortilla‐making process may be an alternative strategy to reduce starch retrogradation and tortilla staling.
Physicochemical properties of steamed bread fortified with ground linseed (Linum usitatissimum)
Authors: Zhu Fan , Li Jiecheng 
Published: December 2018

SummaryChinese steamed bread (CSB) is a staple food among Asian populations. Linseed (Linum usitatissimum) is an emerging ‘healthy’ food ingredient rich in a range of bioactive components. Ground linseeds were incorporated in northern style CSB formulation up to 20%. Various physico‐chemical, nutritional and sensory properties of the resulting CSB were studied. Linseed addition decreased the specific volume and spread ratio of CSB, while increasing the hardness and chewiness in a dose‐dependent manner. Linseed addition up to 15% little affected the overall sensory acceptability of CSB. Nutritionally, linseed addition increased the in vitro antioxidant activities of CSB, while decreasing in vitro starch digestibility and expected glycaemic index. It may be concluded that linseed has the potential to enhance the nutritional quality of CSB without negatively affecting the eating quality.