bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adjuvants for Prohexadione‐Calcium Applied to Alfalfa Interseeded into Corn
Authors: Osterholz William R. , Grabber John H. , Renz Mark J. 
Published: September 2018

Core Ideas
Optimal adjuvant selection for ensuring effectiveness of prohexadione‐Ca applied to interseeded alfalfa is unknown.
All adjuvants tested provided equivalent effectiveness for prohexadione‐Ca applied to interseeded alfalfa.
Supplemental ammonium sulfate did not further enhance the effectiveness of prohexadione‐Ca.
Application of the growth retardant prohexadione‐calcium (calcium 3‐oxido‐5‐oxo‐4‐propionylcyclohex‐3‐enecarboxylate; PHD) on interseeded alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) improves its establishment under silage corn (Zea mays L.). This study evaluated the relative effectiveness of crop oil concentrate (COC), high surfactant oil concentrate (HSOC), methylated seed oil (MSO), and nonionic surfactant (NIS) as adjuvants for commercially formulated PHD (Apogee) when applied with and without supplemental ammonium sulfate (AMS). Acidified solutions of PHD (0.25 kg a.i. ha−1) plus adjuvants were sprayed on 23 to 27 cm tall glyphosate‐resistant alfalfa seedlings that were interseeded immediately after corn planting at two sites in Wisconsin. All PHD–adjuvant–AMS combinations were equally effective, reducing alfalfa height by an average of 16% within 4 wk after treatment and increasing alfalfa stand counts after corn harvest by 30% compared with the non‐PHD treated control. The results suggested a variety of adjuvants may be used when applying PHD to interseeded alfalfa.
Interaction of PS II‐ and HPPD‐Inhibiting Herbicides for Control of Palmer Amaranth Resistant to Both Herbicide Sites of Action
Authors: Chahal Parminder S. , Jhala Amit J. 
Published: September 2018

Core Ideas
Additive interactions with photosytem II‐ and HPPD‐inhibitors tank‐mixtures applied pre‐emergence.
Synergistic interactions with photosytem II‐ and HPPD‐inhibitors tank‐mixtures applied post‐emergence.
Palmer amaranth resistant to photosytem II‐ and HPPD‐inhibitors applied pre‐emergence or post‐emergence.
Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson) resistant to post‐emergence (POST) applications of photosystem (PS) II‐ and 4‐hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD)‐inhibiting herbicides has been confirmed in a continuous corn (Zea mays L.) seed production field in Nebraska. Field studies were conducted in 2014 through 2016 near Shickley in Fillmore County, Nebraska, to determine the response of Palmer amaranth to PS II‐ and HPPD‐inhibiting herbicides applied pre‐emergence (PRE) and to their tank‐mixtures applied PRE or POST. Results from the dose‐response study indicated that atrazine at 3757 and 17,920 g a.i. ha−1 applied PRE provided 25 and 45% Palmer amaranth control, respectively, at 28 d after treatment (DAT). Mesotrione and isoxaflutole doses required for 90% control were 1030 and 1140 g ha−1, respectively. To determine the interactions of mesotrione, tembotrione, or topramezone tank‐mixed with atrazine applied POST, Colby’s equation was used to calculate the expected Palmer amaranth control achieved with those tank‐mixtures compared to a nontreated control. Based on Colby’s equation, additive interactions occurred for Palmer amaranth control, density reduction, and biomass reduction when atrazine tank‐mixed with mesotrione or isoxaflutole was applied PRE at all rate combinations. However, synergistic interactions occurred when mesotrione or topramezone tank‐mixed with atrazine was applied POST. The results indicated that Palmer amaranth from Nebraska is resistant to both PS II‐ and HPPD‐inhibiting herbicides applied PRE or POST alone; however, they can be applied POST in a tank‐mixture with different site of action herbicides for effective control and to reduce the risk of herbicide resistance evolution.
Influence of Management Practices on Distribution of Fungicides in Golf Course Turf
Authors: Ou Ling , Latin Richard 
Published: September 2018

Core Ideas
Most fungicide residues remained within the verdure/thatch layer.
Irrigation and wetting agent had little effect on fungicide distribution.
Distribution patterns for four modern fungicides were similar.
Fungicides are often applied to control root diseases that affect golf course turf. Post‐application irrigation and wetting agents are suggested to improve fungicide performance by facilitating downward movement into the root zone. How irrigation and wetting agent treatments influence fungicide distribution in the turf profile remains unclear based on existing literature. The research objective was to investigate the influence of a wetting agent and post‐application irrigation on the distribution of modern fungicides in a sand‐based creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) putting green. Fungicides used in two distinct experimental runs in field plots included azoxystrobin, fluxapyroxad, propiconazole, and pyraclostrobin. Fungicide + irrigation, fungicide + wetting agent, and fungicide + irrigation + wetting agent treatment effects were compared with a fungicide‐only treatment. Turf was sampled at –1, 0, 3, 7, 10, 14, 21, and 28 d after fungicide application. Core samples were collected and separated into three components—verdure/thatch, and soil at two depths, 2 to 5 and 5 to 8 cm. Fungicide was extracted from each turf component and analyzed thereafter using liquid chromatography–triple quadrupole mass spectroscopy. Results showed that the majority of fungicide was captured by verdure/thatch, and that fungicide concentration in verdure/thatch was 1 to 2 orders of magnitude higher compared with other turf components. Further, in almost every case, there was no measurable effect of irrigation, wetting agent, or the combination on fungicide distribution in the turf profile. Research results can help improve understanding of fungicide distribution in turf and provide scientific context for recommendations regarding root disease control in golf course turf.
Response of Soil Surface Greenhouse Gas Fluxes to Crop Residue Removal and Cover Crops under a Corn–Soybean Rotation
Authors: Wegner Brianna R. , Chalise Kopila Subedi , Singh Shikha , Lai Liming , Abagandura Gandura Omar , Kumar Sandeep , Osborne Shannon L. , Lehman R. Michael , Jagadamma Sindhu 
Published: September 2018

Excessive crop residue returned to the soil hinders farm operations, but residue removal can affect soil quality. In contrast, cover cropping can return additional residue to the soil and improve soils and environmental quality compared with no cover cropping. Residue and cover crop impacts on soil surface greenhouses gas (GHG) emissions are undetermined and site specific. Thus, the present study was conducted to investigate the impacts of corn (Zea mays L.) residue management and cover cropping on GHG fluxes. The fluxes were measured from 2013 to 2015 using static chamber under corn and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation initiated in 2000 at Brookings, SD. Treatments included two residue management levels (residue returned [RR] and residue not returned [RNR]) and two cover cropping (cover crops [CC] and no cover crops [NCC]). Results showed that RR under corn and soybean phases significantly reduced cumulative CO2 fluxes (2681.3 kg ha−1 in corn and 2419.8 kg ha−1 in soybeans) compared with RNR (3331.0 kg ha−1 in corn and 2755.0 kg ha−1 in soybeans) in 2013. The RR emitted significantly less cumulative N2O fluxes than RNR from both the phases in 2013 and 2014, but not in 2015. The CC treatment had significantly lower cumulative N2O fluxes than the NCC for corn and soybean phases in 2013 and 2014. We conclude that crop residue retention and cover cropping can mitigate the GHG emissions compared with residue removal and no cover cropping.Core Ideas
Residual retention reduced cumulative CO2 in 2013 compared with residual removal.
Residual management and cover cropping did not affect CH4 fluxes.
Cover crop reduced cumulative N2O in 2013 and 2014 compared with no cover crop.
Auxin Herbicides and Pesticide Mixtures in Groundwater of a Canadian Prairie Province
Authors: Munira Sirajum , Farenhorst Annemieke , Sapkota Kamala , Nilsson Denise , Sheedy Claudia 
Published: September 2018

Groundwater samples were collected from piezometers and water table wells in both dryland and irrigated agricultural regions of Alberta, Canada, to examine the occurrence of pesticide mixtures. Fourteen current‐use pesticides and two historical compounds were detected over a 3‐yr sampling period. Pesticide mixtures were detected in ∼3% of the groundwater samples, and the frequency of detection increased from spring (1.5%) to summer (3.8%) and fall (4.8%). Pesticide mixtures always consisted of at least one of two auxin herbicides: 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D) or 2‐methyl‐4‐chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA). 19% of all samples contained a single pesticide, with auxin herbicides 2,4‐D (7.3%), MCPA (4.4%), and clopyralid (3.9%) being most prevalent. We detected 2,4‐D predominantly in the fall (72% of 2,4‐D detections) and less in spring and summer (28%). We detected MCPA mostly in summer (85% of MCPA detections) and less in spring and fall (15%). Clopyralid was more evenly detected across spring (30%), summer (25%), and fall (45%). Since the auxin herbicides above are typically applied in summer, results suggest that each herbicide may have different mobility and persistence characteristics in prairie soils. Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality have been set for a range of individual pesticides, but not for pesticide mixtures. If Canada is to establish such guidelines, this study demonstrates that auxin herbicides should be prioritized. In addition, only 7 of the 16 compounds detected in this study have established maximum acceptable concentrations (MACs), excluding clopyralid, which was detected in all three sampling years.Core Ideas
Sixteen pesticides were detected in groundwater, most frequently auxin herbicides.
Detection of pesticide mixtures increased from spring (1.5%) to fall (4.8%).
Samples with pesticide mixtures always contained at least one auxin herbicide.
In establishing water quality guidelines for mixtures, Canada must prioritize auxins.
CO2 Bubbling to Improve Algal Growth, Nutrient Removal, and Membrane Performance in an Algal Membrane Bioreactor
Authors: Tang Tianyu , Wan Peng , Hu Zhiqiang 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT: Algae generally prefer CO2 through passive gas diffusion to or , as uptake of carbonate species relies on active transport. In this study, the effects of CO2 bubbling on algal growth, nutrient uptake, lipid accumulation, and membrane fouling control were investigated in an algal membrane bioreactor (A‐MBR). Bubbling with 10% CO2 in the A‐MBR system increased algal specific oxygen production rate by 43 ± 5% and algal productivity by 39 ± 1%, even though there was abundant dissolved inorganic carbon available in the secondary wastewater effluent (about 3.6 mM). Meanwhile, nitrogen removal capacity increased from originally 2.6 ± 0.4 g/m3•d to 3.6 ± 0.4 g/m3•d through continuous CO2 bubbling. Furthermore, membrane fouling was significantly reduced in the A‐MBR system with CO2 addition, likely because of reduced mineral precipitation on the membrane at lower pHs.
A Stakeholder Analysis of the KLIA2 Airport Terminal Project
Authors: Mohd Isa Nor Azlina 
Published: September 2018

Managing an airport terminal project is complex due to the involvement of a large number of stakeholders. Airport stakeholders include many organisations and individuals, making it a collaborative service environment. Stakeholder theory denotes that organisation should strive to create value for all its stakeholders without the need to trade off. This study attempted to provide an overview of the literature relating to the stakeholder theory as well as examining the related respondents towards measuring the collective perspectives of the klia2 airport terminal project. Keywords: stakeholder theory; airport stakeholders; airport terminal; project management.eISSN 2398-4295 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v3i13.138
Applied Mathematical Model for Construction Planning in a Housing Development Project
Authors: Ngowtanasuwan Grit 
Published: September 2018

The paper presented a method for solving a construction planning problem in a housing development project using a mathematical model which is an integer linear programming for dividing house construction jobs to three contractors in a project case study. 169 units of the houses in the project would be constructed by the three contractors in two methods, conventional construction method and precast method. The results found a minimum construction cost of the project was 417.69 million baht (M$13.92), and within the total project duration of 72 months. Conclusions and recommendations were discussed in this article.Keywords: Housing Development Project, Mathematical Model, Precast Concrete Construction.eISSN 2398-4295 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v3i13.140
Cultural Heritage Transfer of the Traditional Thai House: Usiri Family Houses
Authors: Panitchpakdi Kundoldibya 
Published: September 2018

Traditional Thai house architecture is a significant part the Thai culture and heritage. One unique attribute of traditional Thai house construction is the modular, pre-fabricated wood components, with non-permanent connections. This allows the house to be dissembled and reassembled in a new location without damage. This is a case study of Thai-style houses built and owned by six generations of the Usiri family. Their houses have been passed down from the first to subsequent generations. From only two Thai-style houses 130 years ago, there are now eleven houses as part of an expanding cultural inheritance.Keywords: cultural heritage; traditional house; preservation; living environment.eISSN 2398-4295 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v3i13.143
Inventing Agricultural Humanities via Revitalizing New Ruralism Tea-Town in Taiwan
Authors: Chang Shenglin Elijah , Yang Ze-Jyun , Kuo Ming-Yang , Hsiao Ting-Hsiung 
Published: September 2018

This paper examines the most effective ways of engaging citizens to appreciate rural villages and agriculture traditions. Pondering on experiences of rural revitalizations in Asian societies, this paper proposes the concept of "participatory agricultural humanities." Participatory agricultural humanities are tools and processes engaging citizens into eco-friendly farming and land related works or events. Based on action research and qualitative research methods, we have been working with peri-urban and rural communities in Taiwan since 2009. Only embracing agricultural humanities as our values, we could re-establish eco-friendly rural developments with biodiversity and cultural diversity as a whole.Keywords: agricultural humanities; rural revitalization; participation; new ruralism.eISSN 2398-4295 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v3i13.147
The Effects of User’s Attitude on the Intention to Purchase and to Revisit in Game Advertising
Authors: Hussein Zuhal , Abd Wahid Nabsiah 
Published: September 2018

The aim of this study is to explore the effects of attitude on the user’s intention to purchase and to revisit the game. This experimental study recruited 224 subjects on a voluntary basis through random sampling using a survey method. A questionnaire was used as an instrument to gather the data for this study. Data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. The results found that attitude significantly affected the purchase intention of games advertised and significantly influenced users’ intention to revisit the game.Keywords: Attitude; Game advertising; Purchase intention; Revisit the gameeISSN 2398-4295 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v3i13.153
The Influence of Textured Surfaces of Cosmetic Packaging on Consumers’ Feelings
Authors: Ritnamkam Siripuk , Chavalkul Yada 
Published: September 2018

This study investigated what consumers’ feelings were evoked when they touched different textured surfaces of 20 compact powder cases. Without seeing them, fifty respondents with and without an art-and-design-based background were asked to describe their feelings in their words as they touched the cases as well as explain them by provided words. The results show that different surface textures did evoke different respondents’ feelings of which those familiar with the design were able to express a wider range. All participants were able to describe both the initial sense of physicality and complex feelings toward every textured surface investigated.Keywords:senseof touch; textured surfaces; cosmetic packaging; consumers’ feelings.eISSN 2398-4295 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v3i13.154
Constructing the Fundamental Principles of Taxation through Triangulation
Authors: du Preez Hanneke 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT
Taxation principles were applied as early as 4000 BC in Sumer. The formulation of recognized taxation principles commenced formally with Adam Smith in 1776. He called them the four maxims of taxation. The principles formulated by Smith were grounded in his observations and personal experiences of the world. After Smith, several individuals, committees, and reviews added their ideas to the principles of taxation. The question discussed in this paper is whether these principles formulated through the years are scientifically grounded. In order to ground the principles scientifically, three qualitative research methods were conducted. Method 1 is a thematic analysis of taxation history. Method 2 applies a qualitative research design called an Interactive Qualitative Analysis. Finally, Method 3 uses a single question in writing, sent to taxation experts from various countries. The question asked in Methods 2 and 3 is: What are the fundamental principles of taxation that are essential to taxation internationally as a discipline? The findings of the three research methods were triangulated in order to propose a set of six fundamental principles of taxation. The six proposed principles are: efficient and effective administration and communication; certain, neutral, understandable legislation; equity influencing different levels of society; taxpayers' duty to contribute to society versus the government's duty to strike a balance between taking too little and taking too much; benefits to the public through taxation; and change unwanted social behavior.
JEL Classifications: H2; H3.
Evaluation the Efficacy of ELISA IgG, IgM and IgA Tests for Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Mohammed Shukri Saadi Hogir , Yahya Saeed Ali 
Published: September 2018

It has been well recognized throughout the world that Helicobacter pylori is the main cause of gastric ulcer and stomach carcinoma. Laboratory diagnosis of H. pylori infection is made by invasive and non-invasive methods. Invasive methods require endoscopy which is uncomfortable an unacceptable by the most patients. Therefore, non-invasive methods particularly serological tests are easier and comfortable for patients. A total of 86 patients with ages ranging from 18-77 years old (43 males and 43 females) who were referred to the Duhok Hepatology & Gastroenterology center/Azadi Teaching Hospital for endoscopic examination from June to October, 2013 were enrolled in the study. From each patient 5 ml of blood was collected under a septic condition and sera were separated for serology. Data from each participant were recorded in a special questionnaire form after consent agreed upon on ethical and scientific committee of the Azadi hospital. The efficacy of three different ELISA tests (IgG, IgM, IgA) was assessed taking culture as a gold standard method. pylori was found in 70.93%, 30.23% and 5.81% by ELISA IgG, IgA and IgM tests respectively. The highest percentage (70.93%) of H. pylori positive cases were found by ELISA IgG and the lowest percentage (5.81%) was recorded in ELISA IgM. The study found a significant relationship between age groups and H. pylori positive cases by ELISA IgG in which positive cases increased with the increase of ages. No statistical correlation was found between the sex, smoking status and residency of studied patients with H. pylori infection. A significant correlation was found between patients without endoscopic lesions and positive cases for H. pylori by ELISA IgG in which 75.67% of patients without endoscopic lesions were positive for anti-H. pylori antibodies compared to 41.66% in patients with endoscopic lesions. The efficacy of IgG, IgM and IgA tests was calculated compared with golden standard tests and ELISA IgG characterized by the highest values of sensitivity (75.75%), negative predictive value (36.00%) and accuracy (86.00%) but with lowest specificity (45.00%) and similar positive predictive value (81.96%) with IgM and IgA. The lowest sensitivity was 5.97% and accuracy 25.56% with ELISA Ig M. From the results of the present study we can conclude that among ELISA tests, anti-H. pylori IgG is a reliable serological test for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection.