bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations of the melanocortin 3 receptor C17A + G241A haplotype with body composition and inflammation in African‐American adults
Authors: Demidowich Andrew P. , Parikh Viraj J. , Dedhia Nicket , Branham Rachel E. , Madi Samar A. , Marwitz Shannon E. , Roberson Robin B. , Uhlman Andrew J. , Levi Noah J. , Mi Sarah J. , Jun Joo Yun , Broadney Miranda M. , Brady Sheila M. , Yanovski Jack A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe MC3R haplotype C17A + G241A, which encodes a partially inactivated receptor, has high prevalence in individuals of predominately African ancestry. In pediatric cohorts, homozygosity for this common variant has been associated with obesity, reduced lean mass, and greater fasting insulin. However, metabolic and body composition measures have not been well studied in adults with this haplotype.MethodsA convenience sample of 237 healthy African‐American adult volunteers was studied. TaqMan assays were used to genotype MC3R variants. Labs were drawn in the morning in the fasted state. Body composition data was obtained via dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. An analysis of covariance was used to examine the associations of genotype with metabolic and body composition measures controlling for age and sex.ResultsIndividuals homozygous for the MC3R C17A + G241A haplotype had significantly greater body mass index, fat mass, fat mass percentage, and C‐reactive protein, with reduced lean mass percentage as compared to heterozygous and wild‐type participants (all ps < 0.05); fasting insulin was marginally nonsignificant between groups (p = 0.053). After adjusting for fat mass, laboratory differences no longer remained significant.ConclusionsHomozygosity for MC3R C17A + G241A is associated with increased adiposity in African‐American adults. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms behind these associations.
Re‐evaluating the electro‐vectorcardiographic criteria for left bundle branch block
Authors: Pérez‐Riera Andrés Ricardo , Barbosa‐Barros Raimundo , Daminello‐Raimundo Rodrigo , de Abreu Luiz Carlos , de Almeida Marcos Célio , Rankinen Jani , Baeub Soler Fabio , Nikus Kjell 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe criteria for left bundle branch block have gained growing interest in the last few years. In this overview, we discuss diagnostic and prognostic aspects of different criteria. It was already shown that stricter criteria, including longer QRS duration and slurring/notching of the QRS, better identify responders to cardiac resynchronization therapy. We also include aspects of ST/T concordance and discordance and vectorcardiography, which could further improve in the fine‐tuning of the left bundle branch criteria.
Increase in muscle endurance in mice by dietary Yamabushitake mushroom (Hericium erinaceus) possibly via activation of PPARδ
Authors: Komiya Yusuke , Nakamura Toshiya , Ishii Momoko , Shimizu Kuniyoshi , Hiraki Eri , Kawabata Fuminori , Nakamura Mako , Tatsumi Ryuichi , Ikeuchi Yoshihide , Mizunoya Wataru 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSkeletal muscle fiber is largely classified into two types: type 1 (slow‐twitch) and type 2 (fast‐twitch) fibers. Meat quality and composition of fiber types are thought to be closely related. Previous research showed that overexpression of constitutively active peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR)δ, a nuclear receptor present in skeletal muscle, increased type 1 fibers in mice. In this study, we found that hexane extracts of Yamabushitake mushroom (Hericium erinaceus) showed PPARδ agonistic activity in vitro. Eight‐week‐old C57BL/6J mice were fed a diet supplemented with 5% (w/w) freeze‐dried Yamabushitake mushroom for 24 hr. After the treatment period, the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles were excised. The Yamabushitake‐supplemented diet up‐regulated the PPARδ target genes Pdk4 and Ucp3 in mouse skeletal muscles in vivo. Furthermore, feeding the Yamabushitake‐supplemented diet to mice for 8 weeks resulted in a significant increase in muscle endurance. These results indicate that Yamabushitake mushroom contains PPARδ agonistic ligands and that dietary intake of Yamabushitake mushroom could activate PPARδ in skeletal muscle of mice. Unexpectedly, we observed no significant alterations in composition of muscle fiber types between the mice fed control and Yamabushitake‐supplemented diets.
Family support services delivered using a restorative approach: A framework for relationship and strengths‐based whole‐family practice
Authors: Williams Annie 
Published: April 2019

AbstractFamily support services, an integral part of many welfare systems across the developed world, have witnessed a growing demand for the use of relationship and strengths‐based whole‐family approaches in the belief that this increases service engagement and effect. Despite this, knowledge that delivering services using such approaches can be challenging and calls for the identification and exploration of methods likely to promote and sustain their use. Restorative approach is an ethos and method centred on building and sustaining positive relationships, which is increasingly being adopted in family and children's services in the United Kingdom. Despite this, the scarcity of research conducted in this area as yet, means little is known of its use and effect in this context. This article draws on empirical data collected in a wider study exploring the efficacy of different family service delivery models to describe the use of restorative approach in family service provision and determine whether its adoption promotes sustained use of strengths and relationship‐based whole‐family approaches when working with families. Furthermore, it explores whether the process incorporates wider evidence‐based methods of change.
A retrospective study on ultra‐wide diameter dental implants for immediate molar replacement
Authors: Hattingh André , De Bruyn Hugo , Vandeweghe Stefan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundAlthough immediate implant placement for single rooted teeth is well documented, the prognosis of ultra‐wide implants in molar sockets lacks data.PurposeTo evaluate the outcome of ultra‐wide implants, immediately placed in molar sockets.Materials and MethodsPatients treated with immediate ultra‐wide diameter implants that have been in function for at least 40 months, were invited for a clinical evaluation. A radiograph was taken to measure marginal bone loss. Probing depths as well as plaque and bleeding scores were recorded at the implant and contralateral tooth. Crown and soft tissue dimensions were measured, and patients filled out an OHIP‐14 questionnaire.ResultsEighty‐five out of 230 patients (37%) were evaluated. Twenty‐eight implants received a bone graft to fill the residual space. Average bone loss was 0.19 mm after a mean follow‐up of 67 months, with no significant changes over time (P = 0.170). There was no significant difference in bone loss between the maxilla and mandible (P = 0.797), male or female (P = 0.128), smoking and nonsmoking (P = 0.219), grafted and nongrafted sites (P = 0.098), or the different bio‐types (P = 0.404). The distal papillae were significantly higher if a contact point was present (P = 0.002). Plaque was more frequent at the contralateral tooth (P < 0.001), but more bleeding on probing was observed around the implants (P = 0.021). Overall, 63.5% of the patients experienced no problems at all.ConclusionUltra‐wide diameter implants for immediate molar replacement demonstrate little bone loss and stable soft tissue conditions over a 4 to 7‐year period.
Clinical outcomes of polyvalent immunoglobulin use in solid organ transplant recipients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bourassa‐Blanchette Samuel , Knoll Greg A. , Hutton Brian , Fergusson Nicholas , Bennett Alexandria , Tay Jason , Cameron D. William , Cowan Juthaporn 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPolyvalent immunoglobulin is commonly used for desensitization and treatment of antibody‐mediated rejection in kidney transplantation but its impact on other outcomes is not known. This systematic review investigated the impact of immunoglobulin prophylaxis on infection, rejection, graft loss, and death following kidney transplantation. A comprehensive literature search located 18 studies (n = 8 randomized controlled trials). None examined the effect of immunoglobulin prophylaxis in transplant recipients with hypogammaglobulinemia. Quality of included studies was variable with high to very high risk of bias. In the randomized trials, immunoglobulin use did not reduce cytomegalovirus infection (OR 0.68 [0.39, 1.21]; 6 studies, n = 295), rejection (OR 0.96 [0.50, 1.82]; 4 studies, n = 187), or graft loss (OR 1.03 [0.46, 2.30]; 6 studies, n = 265). In non‐randomized studies, immunoglobulin did not reduce cytomegalovirus infection (OR 0.63 [0.20, 1.94]; 6 studies, n = 361) or death (OR 1.32 [0.05, 38.79]; 3 studies, n = 222) but reduce rejection (OR 0.47 [0.24, 0.94]; 4 studies, n = 268) and graft loss (OR 0.15 [0.05, 0.43]; 2 studies, n = 118). Data were scarce and sample size of current evidence was small. Adequately powered randomized trials are needed to determine if immunoglobulin is an effective intervention to reduce infection, rejection, graft loss, or death following kidney transplantation with and without hypogammaglobulinemia.
First assessment of the performance of an implantable continuous glucose monitoring system through 180 days in a primarily adolescent population with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Aronson Ronnie , Abitbol Alexander , Tweden Katherine S. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimTo investigate the performance of the Eversense XL implantable continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system through 180 days in a primarily adolescent population with type 1 diabetes (T1D).Materials and methodsThis prospective, single‐centre, single‐arm, 180‐day study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of the implantable CGM system in Canadian adolescent and adult subjects with T1D. Accuracy measures included mean absolute relative difference (MARD), 15/15% agreement between CGM glucose and blood glucose measured by Yellow Springs Instruments and surveillance error grid analysis. Adolescent subjects received one sensor in the upper arm and adult subjects received one sensor in each upper arm. In‐clinic CGM system accuracy studies were performed every 30 days. The safety assessment included the incidence of adverse events related to either device or the insertion/removal procedure through 180 days.ResultsThirty‐six subjects (30 adolescent/6 adult, 13 female/23 male, mean age 17 ± 9.2 years, mean body mass index 22 ± 4 kg/m2) received the CGM system. Overall MARD was 9.4% (95% CI: 8.6%‐10.5%). CGM system agreement at 15/15% (N = 7163) through 60, 120 and 180 days was 82.9% (95% CI: 78.4%‐86.1%), 83.6% (95% CI: 80.4%‐85.7%) and 83.4% (95% CI: 79.7%‐85.5%), respectively. Surveillance error grid analysis showed 98.4% of paired values in clinically acceptable error zones A and B. No insertion/removal or device‐related serious adverse events were reported.ConclusionThe Eversense XL CGM system is safe and accurate through 180 days in a primarily adolescent population of subjects with T1D.
Kleptocracy and tax evasion under resource abundance
Authors: Mohtadi Hamid , Ross Michael L. , Jarrett Uchechukwu , Ruediger Stefan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractEvidence has shown that petroleum wealth is associated with less transparency and at the same time less tax collection. In this paper, we find that the two issues are linked through the citizens’ tax evasion behavior. We develop a model to explain this link and conduct extensive empirical tests of its validity. The explanation is that officials tradeoff greater transparency to improve tax compliance against less transparency to increase gains from corruption. Oil windfalls diminish tax revenue needs, causing officials to optimize on less transparency. Seeing this, citizens optimize on a lower level of tax compliance. At equilibrium, both decline with a positive oil shock. We also study the alternative channel in which tax compliance responds to enforcement. Transparency is found to be the more robust channel. Ignoring citizens’ strategic behavior would lead to predicting suboptimal investment in state capacity for tax enforcement. Using giant oil discoveries data combined with oil price data, we develop a dynamic composite instrument and estimate the model with a dynamic panel system generalized method of moments. We find robust support for our explanation and the model's deep structure for 130+ countries and the 1980–2010 period.
The Educator's Diary: Arendt and Kierkegaard on Progressivism and the Educational Relation
Authors: Korsgaard Morten Timmermann , Aldinger Mathias Mogensen 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTIn this article, Morten Korsgaard and Mathias Aldinger examine the educational thinking of Hannah Arendt and accompany their analysis with an educational reading of Søren Kierkegaard's “The Seducer's Diary.” The authors argue that their readings of Arendt and Kierkegaard point us to a pitfall in how we often approach the educational process: expecting the generation that is coming of age to satisfy the desires of the older generation. This expectation, which pervades present educational reform efforts, undercuts the possibility of education for (existential) freedom and, indeed, serves to manipulate the young into adopting the ideals and desires of the older generation. Reading “The Seducer's Diary” educationally allows us to interpret Johannes as a (mis)educator of Cordelia in the mold of the progressive and instrumental educators that Arendt critiques in “The Crisis in Education.” In this way, Arendt and Kierkegaard alert us to the perennial paradox of educating for freedom without attempting to determine how this freedom is to be lived out and thus undermining the endeavor in advance.
Scaling issues of neutral theory reveal violations of ecological equivalence for dominant Amazonian tree species
Authors: Pos Edwin , Guevara Juan Ernesto , Molino Jean‐François , Sabatier Daniel , Bánki Olaf S. , Pitman Nigel C.A. , Mogollón Hugo F. , García‐Villacorta Roosevelt , Neill David , Phillips Oliver L. , Cerón Carlos , Ríos Paredes Marcos , Núñez Vargas Percy , Dávila Nállarett , Fiore Anthony Di , Rivas‐Torres Gonzalo , Thomas‐Caesar Raquel , Vriesendorp Corine , Young Kenneth R. , Tirado Milton , Wang Ophelia , Sierra Rodrigo , Mesones Italo , Zagt Roderick , Vasquez Rodolfo , Ahuite Reategui Manuel A. , Palacios Cuenca Walter , Valderrama Sandoval Elvis H. , ter Steege Hans 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNeutral models are often used as null models, testing the relative importance of niche versus neutral processes in shaping diversity. Most versions, however, focus only on regional scale predictions and neglect local level contributions. Recently, a new formulation of spatial neutral theory was published showing an incompatibility between regional and local scale fits where especially the number of rare species was dramatically under‐predicted. Using a forward in time semi‐spatially explicit neutral model and a unique large‐scale Amazonian tree inventory data set, we show that neutral theory not only underestimates the number of rare species but also fails in predicting the excessive dominance of species on both regional and local levels. We show that although there are clear relationships between species composition, spatial and environmental distances, there is also a clear differentiation between species able to attain dominance with and without restriction to specific habitats. We conclude therefore that the apparent dominance of these species is real, and that their excessive abundance can be attributed to fitness differences in different ways, a clear violation of the ecological equivalence assumption of neutral theory.
Accessibility and agglomeration: A theoretical framework for understanding the connection between transportation modes, agglomeration benefits, and types of businesses
Authors: Credit Kevin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWhile delineating the connection between transportation accessibility and economic activity has long been a topic of interest in geography and regional science, a better understanding of the agglomerative benefits of transportation systems is vital. This paper seeks to tie the concepts of accessibility and agglomeration together by arguing that accessibility benefits ultimately stem from the agglomerative potential created by various transportation investments. This line of reasoning provides an avenue to use the economic mechanisms described in agglomeration theory to analyze the effects of specific transportation modes. To do this, the paper traces the literature on the economic impacts of transportation systems and presents a theoretical framework for understanding the connection between specific transportation modes and specific agglomeration benefits. Ultimately, specific modes have unique features that are more or less conducive to specific agglomeration benefits, to which specific types of businesses also respond. These specific connections are particularly important to understand as the development of new urban transportation modes, for example, autonomous vehicles—and their potential economic impacts—increases rapidly.
A Simplified Solution Using Izbash's Equation for Non‐Darcian Flow in a Constant Rate Pumping Test
Authors: Xiao Liang , Ye Ming , Xu Yongxin , Gan Fuwan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis paper derives an equivalent of Darcian Theis solution for non‐Darcian flow induced by constant rate pumping of a well in a confined aquifer. The derivation, which is valid at later times only, is original. It utilizes Izbash's equation. This introduces an additional parameter to Darcian condition, namely, empirical exponent. The solution is a non‐Drcian equivalent of Jacob straight line method for analyzing pumping tests at late times. It can be used to determine aquifer parameters: storativity, analogous hydraulic conductivity, and empirical exponent. However, while the Jacob method requires a minimum of only one pumping test with one observation well, the additional parameter in the present solution means that a minimum of two observation wells in one test or two pumping tests at different rates with one observation well are required. The derived solution is applied to a case study at Plomeur in Brittany, France, and is shown to provide a practical and efficient method for analyzing pumping tests where non‐Darcian groundwater flow occurs.
Where have all the beetles gone? Long‐term study reveals carabid species decline in a nature reserve in Northern Germany
Authors: Homburg Katharina , Drees Claudia , Boutaud Estève , Nolte Dorothea , Schuett Wiebke , Zumstein Pascale , von Ruschkowski Eick , Assmann Thorsten 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

The drastic insect decline has received increasing attention in scientific as well as in public media. Long‐term studies of insect diversity trends are still rare, even though such studies are highly important to assess extent, drivers and potential consequences of insect loss in ecosystems.
To gain insights into carabid diversity trends of ancient and sustainably managed woodlands, we analysed data of carabid beetles from a trapping study that has been run for 24 years in an old nature reserve of Northern Germany, the Lüneburg Heath. We examined temporal changes in several diversity measures (e.g. biomass, species richness, functional diversity and phylogenetic diversity) and tested diverse species traits as predictor variables for species occurrence.
In contrast to recently published long‐term studies of insect diversity, we did not observe a decline in biomass, but in species richness and phylogenetic diversity in carabids at our study site. Additionally, hibernation stage predicted the occurrence probability of carabids: Species hibernating as imagines or both imagines and larvae and breeding in spring showed strongest declines.
We assume the detected trends to be the result of external effects such as climate change and the application of pesticides in the surrounding. Our results suggest that the drivers for the insect decline and the responses are multifaceted. This highlights the importance of long‐term studies with identification of the catches to, at best, species level to support the understanding of mechanisms driving changes in insect diversity and abundance.
Dementia nursing competency in acute care settings: A concept analysis
Authors: Yamaguchi Yuko , Greiner Chieko , Ryuno Hirochika , Fukuda Atsuko 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimTo critically analyse the concept of dementia nursing competency in acute care settings.BackgroundsThe nursing care needs of patients with dementia are increasing in acute care settings. However, a framework for the dementia nursing competency has not been explicitly outlined.DesignRodgers' evolutionary method for concept analysis.Data SourcesCompetenc* AND dementia AND nurs* AND acute OR hospital OR clinical were selected from the MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, CiNii, and Google Scholar for publication from 2006 to 2017.Review MethodsAll 29 articles were identified. Data were analysed with a particular focus on the attributes, antecedents, and consequences of the concept.ResultsSix attributes were identified: respecting patient individuality, applying ethical considerations, providing person‐centred care, possessing responsibility, coordinating external environments, and possessing care coordination and facilitation skills. Identified antecedents included building theoretical and clinical knowledge, developing an awareness of dementia and its risk behaviours, performing assessments of dementia nursing practice, developing relationships with patients with dementia, and applying a team approach. Applying the competency led to positive consequences for patients, nurses, and patient‐nurse and nursing team relationships.ConclusionDeveloping the dementia nursing competency results in stronger emotional interventions and adds a human‐to‐human connection.
Small amount TiB2addition into B4C through sputter deposition and hot pressing
Authors: Hwang Chawon , DiPietro Stephen , Xie Kelvin Y. , Yang Qirong , Celik Azmi M. , Khan Atta U. , Domnich Vladislav , Walck Scott , Hemker Kevin J. , Haber Richard A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSmall amount of TiB2(<5 wt%) was added into B4C through a novel method that combines the use of sputter deposition and hot pressing. Sputter deposition provided more uniform dispersion of TiB2grains with smaller grain sizes as compared to the conventional particulate mixing. Small amount TiB2addition demonstrated to be an effective way for improving the fracture behavior and toughness of B4C while not sacrificing its outstanding lightweight property to a large extent: 2.3 wt% TiB2addition brought 15% improvement in indentation fracture toughness while resulting in less than 2% increase in density. The improvement can be attributed to the combination of crack impeding by TiB2grains and crack deflection at the B4C–TiB2interfaces. TiB2also played as grain growth inhibitor resulting in a slight increase (2%) in Vickers hardness. Another intention of employing sputter deposition was to modify the grain boundary of B4C; however, neither formation of Ti‐containing phase nor Ti segregation has been observed at grain boundaries likely due to the poor wettability of B4C.