bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Thermal Foot Maps between Diabetic Patients with Neuropathic, Vascular, Neurovascular, and No Complications
Authors: Astasio-Picado Álvaro , Martínez Elena Escamilla , Gómez-Martín Beatriz 
Published: February 2019

Background:
Diabetes mellitus is a public health problem worldwide. The diabetic foot has
a degenerate vascular structure, and its patients present neurological problems, which require the earliest
possible identification.

Introduction:
The objective of the research was to use infrared thermography to analyze the temperature
difference of the feet of users with diabetes mellitus with neuropathy, vasculopathy, neurovascular
disease, or none of them, segmenting the sole of the foot in four areas for the study.

Methods:
A type of descriptive, cross-sectional and observational study was developed in a group of
277 patients with diabetic pathology (138 men and 139 women), with an average age of 63.41 ± 17.69
years and a body mass index of 29.08 ± 5.86, delimited in four groups: 22 (7.94%) with neuropathy, 32
(11.55%) with vasculopathy, 83 (29.96%) with neurovasculopathy and 140 (50.54%) without previous
pathology. Thus, almost half of the sample (49.46%) presented some type of complication (neuropathic,
vasculopathic or both). The photographic images were made with an infrared camera model FLIR
E60bx®. The data obtained were analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 22 statistical program.

Results:
There were lower temperatures under the 1st metatarsal head, the 5th metatarsal head, the heel,
and pulp of the big toe of both left and right feet of the patients in the neuropathy, vasculopathy, and
neurovasculopathy groups relative to the group with neither pathology.

Conclusion:
Infrared thermography can be useful in assessing the foot at risk to reveal the variability of
temperature according to the study area, which may be useful for medical judgment and the predisposition
to identify lesions in compromised regions of the foot.
In Silico Appraisal, Synthesis, Antibacterial Screening and DNA Cleavage for 1,2,5-thiadiazole Derivative
Authors: Mali Suraj N. , Sawant Sudhir , Chaudhari Hemchandra K. , Mandewale Mustapha C. 
Published: February 2019

Background: :
Thiadiazole not only acts as “hydrogen binding domain” and “two-electron donor
system” but also as constrained pharmacophore.

Methods::
The maleate salt of 2-((2-hydroxy-3-((4-morpholino-1, 2,5-thiadiazol-3-yl) oxy) propyl) amino)-
2-methylpropan-1-ol (TML-Hydroxy)(4) has been synthesized. This methodology involves preparation of
4-morpholino-1, 2,5-thiadiazol-3-ol by hydroxylation of 4-(4-chloro-1, 2,5-thiadiazol-3-yl) morpholine followed
by condensation with 2-(chloromethyl) oxirane to afford 4-(4-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)-1,2,5-thiadiazol-
3-yl) morpholine. Oxirane ring of this compound was opened by treating with 2-amino-2-methyl propan-1-
ol to afford the target compound TML-Hydroxy. Structures of the synthesized compounds have been elucidated
by NMR, MASS, FTIR spectroscopy.

Results: :
The DSC study clearly showed that the compound 4-maleate salt is crystalline in nature. In vitro
antibacterial inhibition and little potential for DNA cleavage of the compound 4 were explored. We extended
our study to explore the inhibition mechanism by conducting molecular docking, ADMET and molecular
dynamics analysis by using Schrödinger. The molecular docking for compound 4 showed better interactions
with target 3IVX with docking score of -8.508 kcal/mol with respect to standard ciprofloxacin (docking
score= -3.879 kcal/mol). TML-Hydroxy was obtained in silico as non-carcinogenic and non-AMES
toxic with good percent human oral absorption profile (69.639%). TML-Hydroxy showed the moderate inhibition
against Mycobacteria tuberculosis with MIC 25.00 μg/mL as well as moderate inhibition against S.
aureus, Bacillus sps, K. Pneumoniae and E. coli species.

Conclusion: :
In view of the importance of the 1,2,5-thiadiazole moiety involved, this study would pave the
way for future development of more effective analogs for applications in medicinal field.
Safety of SGLT2 Inhibitors in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Singh Mahakpreet , Sharma Ruchika , Kumar Anoop 
Published: February 2019

Background:Recently, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved sodium/
glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. However,
regarding adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of SGLT2 inhibitors in large group of population, very
less information is available. Thus, we have tried to find out the risk profile of SGLT2 inhibitors.

Materials and Methods: A total of 1,042 studies have been published from Nov. 2012-Nov. 2017
regarding SGLT2 inhibitors. After inclusion and exclusion criteria, 27 studies have been selected
for the analysis of risk.

Results and Discussion:The emerging evidence indicates various adverse drug reactions such as
foot and toe amputation, cancer, diabetic ketoacidosis, bone fracture risk and urinary as well as
mycotic genital infection. The causality assessment has shown a correlation between SGLT2 inhibitors
and diabetic ketoacidosis and urinary tract infection.

Conclusion:In conclusion, Marketing Authorization Holder (MAH) and Regulatory Authorities
(RA) should monitor various adverse drug reactions such as diabetic ketoacidosis and urinary tract
infection with the use of SGLT2 inhibitor.
New Indices for Ethnotoxicological Assessment of Medicinal Plants: Example of Tafilalet Region, Morocco
Authors: Eddouks Mohamed , Ajebli Mohammed , Hebi Morad 
Published: February 2019

Background:Several botanical species are poisonous and are used for medicinal purposes in traditional medicine. In fact, a relationship between toxicity and phytotherapeutic potential of medicinal plants exists.Objective:Until now, there is no ethnopharmacological indices evaluating mathematically the toxic property of any medicinal plant used traditionally. Consequently, it is important to find this link through the establishment and development of novel indices that put into consideration the relationship between toxicity and phytotherapy. Two essential objectives were targeted in the present investigation: firstly, we aimed to establish novel indices which permit researchers to evaluate data obtained in any ethnobotanical survey targeting toxic plants. Secondly, we aimed also to collect data and information about toxic species, mainly those used traditionally for therapeutic purposes in the region of Tafilalet (southeast of Morocco).Methods:The total informant interviewed in our study was 1616 (where 1500 were simple local inhabitants and 116 were herbalists). This inquiry was carried out through semi-structured and structured interviews and the sampling technique used was the stratified sample (9 stratums). Data obtained was analyzed using 3 new indices: Degree of Taxonomic Toxicity (DT), Degree of Botanical Families Toxicity (DFT) and Relative Link of Toxicity (RLT).Results:47 toxic species belonging to 38 botanical families were quoted in our survey. The highest value of DT was observed for Atractylis gummifera L. (DT=24.67). According to the calculated value of DFT, the most toxic plant family in the region of Tafilalet was Asteraceae (DFT=143.90). Nervous system disorders are the main ailment caused by the toxicity of poisonous species used in the traditional medicine in Tafilalet (RLT=1.44).Conclusion:Novel indices established in this investigation (DT, DFT and RLT) have been demonstrated to be useful for interpreting data collected in Tafilalet region and could serve for other ethnopharmacological surveys of toxic medicinal plants.
Interactome Analysis of the Differentially Expressed Proteins in Uterine Leiomyoma
Authors: Sahar Tahreem , Nigam Aruna , Anjum Shadab , Waziri Farheen , Biswas Shipie , Jain Swatantra K. , Wajid Saima 
Published: February 2019

Background:
Recent advances in proteomics present enormous opportunities to discover proteome
related disparities and thus understanding the molecular mechanisms related to a disease. Uterine leiomyoma is
a benign monoclonal tumor, located in the pelvic region, and affecting 40% of reproductive aged female.

Objective:
Identification and characterization of the differentially expressed proteins associated with
leiomyogenesis by comparing uterine leiomyoma and normal myometrium.

Methods:
Paired samples of uterine leiomyoma and adjacent myometrium retrieved from twenty-five females
suffering from uterine leiomyoma (n=50) were submitted to two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE), matrixassisted
laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and to reverse transcription
polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Results:
Comparison of protein patterns revealed seven proteins with concordantly increased spot intensities in
leiomyoma samples. E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase MIB2 (MIB2), Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription
subunit 10 (MED10), HIRA-interacting protein (HIRP3) and Fatty acid binding protein brain (FABP7) were
found to be upregulated. While, Biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex 1 subunit 2 (BL1S2),
Shadow of prion protein (SPRN) and RNA binding motif protein X linked like 2 (RMXL2) were found to be
exclusively present in leiomyoma sample. The expression modulations of the corresponding genes were further
validated which corroborated with the 2-DE result showing significant upregulation in leiomyoma. We have
generated a master network showing the interactions of the experimentally identified proteins with their close
neighbors and further scrutinized the network to prioritize the routes leading to cell proliferation and tumorigenesis.

Conclusion:
This study highlights the importance of identified proteins as potential targets for therapeutic purpose.
This work provides an insight into the mechanism underlying the overexpression of the proteins but warrants
further investigations.
Unfavorable Outcomes in Solid and Spongiform Thyroid Nodules Treated with Laser Ablation. A 5-Year Follow-up Retrospective Study
Authors: Negro Roberto , Greco Gabriele 
Published: February 2019

Objective:
Laser Ablation (LA) is a therapeutic modality for reducing the volume of large
benign thyroid nodules. This retrospective study was aimed at assessing the outcome of LA in patients
with benign nonfunctioning thyroid nodules in a 5-years follow-up.

Methods:
Sixty-two patients (47 females; mean age 54.7±12 yr) with benign cold thyroid nodules underwent
LA from July 2009 to March 2012. Nodule volume, thyroid function test, and ultrasound were
monitored at baseline, and at 3, 6 and 12 months after the procedure, then annually. After dividing
nodules in solid and spongiform, we evaluated unfavourable outcomes: 1) nodule’s volume reduction
<50%; 2) need for surgery; 3) need for additive LA session (due to nodule re-growth with persistence
of cosmetic concern or compressive symptoms).

Results:
Baseline volume did not differ between solid and spongiform nodules as well as energy delivered
and the number of needles used. Unfavourable outcomes occurred in 24 patients (38.7%). Nineteen/
24 (79.2%) patients who experienced unfavourable outcomes belonged to the solid nodules group
(P<0.01). When considering only those who benefited from LA, the 5-years reduction was 59.7% for
solid and 78.6% for spongiform nodules (P<0.05). One/6 patients who underwent surgery (solid nodules
group) had a final diagnosis of Follicular Variant of Papillary Thyroid Cancer (FVPTC).

Conclusion:
Large solid nodules, unlike spongiform, submitted to LA are characterized by a long-term
unfavourable outcome and entail a potential risk of false negative cytologic results.
Comparison of Mean Platelet Volume, Platelet Count, Neutrophil/ Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet/Lymphocyte Ratio in the Euthyroid, Overt Hypothyroid and Subclinical Hyperthyroid Phases of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Kutluturk Faruk , Gul Serdar S. , Sahin Safak , Tasliyurt Turker 
Published: February 2019

Introduction:Thyroid hormones are essential for the normal development, differentiation, metabolic balance and physiological function of all tissues. Mean platelet volume (MPV) indicates mean platelet size and reflects platelet production rate and stimulation. Increased platelet size has been observed in association with known cardiovascular risk factors. The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are known markers of the systemic inflammatory response. This study aimed to investigate the effect of thyroid hormone changes by comparing platelet count, MPV values, NLR and PLR in thyroid papillary carcinoma.Methods:Forty-nine females and nine males comprising a total of 58 patients were included in the study. Clinical and laboratory parameters of patients were recorded in the following three phases of the disease: euthyroid phase (before thyroid surgery), overt hypothyroid (OH) phase (before radioactive iodine [RAI] treatment) and subclinical hyperthyroid (SCH) phase (six months after RAI treatment).Results:The mean thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) values of the patients in the euthyroid, OH and SCH phases were 1.62±1.17, 76.4±37.5 and 0.09±0.07 μIU/mL, respectively. The mean MPV values of the patients in the euthyroid, OH and SCH phases were 9.45±1.33, 9.81±1.35 and 9.96±1.21 fL, respectively. MPV was significantly higher in the SCH phase than in the euthyroid phase (p=0.013). Platelet count, NLR and PLR were not statistically different between the euthyroid, OH and SCH phases.Conclusion:The results of this study demonstrated that the levels of MPV increased significantly in the SCH phase in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), and increased MPV values contributed to increased risk of cardiovascular complications. These findings suggest that MPV can be a valuable, practical parameter for monitoring the haemostatic condition in thyroid disorders. No significant difference was observed in platelet count, NLR and PLR in all stages of PTC.
Metabolic Association between Leptin and the Corticotropin Releasing Hormone
Authors: Gioldasi Sofia , Karvela Alexia , Rojas-Gil Andrea Paola , Rodi Maria , de Lastic Anne-Lise , Thomas Iason , Spiliotis Bessie E. , Mouzaki Athanasia 
Published: February 2019

Results and Conclusion:The available data indicate that CRH exerts a role in the regulation of leptin in human adipocytes. We show that CRH downregulates leptin production by mature adipocytes and that a strong negative correlation exists between CRH and leptin levels in the periphery, and suggest the possible mechanisms of CRH control of leptin. Delineation of CRH control of leptin production by adipocytes may explain unknown pathogenic mechanisms linking stress and metabolism.Methods:In this article, we summarized the salient information on leptin and CRH in relation to metabolism. We also investigated the direct effect of recombinant CRH on leptin secretion by primary cultures of human adipocytes isolated from subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue of 7 healthy children and adolescents, and measured CRH and leptin levels in plasma collected from peripheral blood of 24 healthy children and adolescents to assess whether a correlation exists between CRH and leptin levels in the periphery.Objective:In healthy individuals, leptin is produced from adipose tissue and is secreted into the circulation to communicate energy balance status to the brain and control fat metabolism. Corticotropin- Releasing Hormone (CRH) is synthesized in the hypothalamus and regulates stress responses. Among the many adipokines and hormones that control fat metabolism, leptin and CRH both curb appetite and inhibit food intake. Despite numerous reports on leptin and CRH properties and function, little has been actually shown about their association in the adipose tissue environment.
Anti-Diabetic Effect of a Flavonoid and Sitosterol - Rich Aqueous Extract ofPleurotus tuberregiumSclerotia in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rabbits
Authors: Onuekwuzu Ifeanacho Mercy , Chidinma Ikewuchi Catherine , Chigozie Ikewuchi Jude 
Published: February 2019

Objective:Traditionally prepared infusions and decoctions are commonly used in the management of diabetes mellitus, in southern Nigeria; one of such is the aqueous extract of the sclerotia of Pleurotus tuberregium (“usu” milk). In this study, the effects of the extract on the body weights, tissue/ organ weights, fasting blood glucose, blood/plasma lipid profiles and atherogenic indices were investigated in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits.Methods:Diabetes mellitus was induced by the injection of alloxan (120 mg/kg body weight) via the marginal ear vein. The extract was administered orally at 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg to normal and diabetic rabbits; while metformin was administered at 50 mg/kg. The crude extract was analyzed by gas chromatography, coupled to flame ionization detector.Results:Thirty-one known flavonoids were detected, consisting mainly of isoquercetin (28.5%), luteolin (24.3%), quercetin (18.8%) and kaempferol (11.3%). Sitosterol (82.0%) and stigmasterol (12.5%) were the most abundant of the seven phytosterols detected. Compared to the diabetic control, the treatment significantly (p<0.05) lowered the weights of the kidney and liver, as well as the levels of blood glucose and triglyceride, plasma VLDL, LDL and non-HDL cholesterol, atherogenic index of plasma, cardiac risk ratio, atherogenic coefficient and Castelli’s risk index II. It, however, significantly (p<0.05) increased plasma HDL cholesterol, without significantly affecting blood total cholesterol levels.Conclusion:This study showed that the extract was hypoglycemic, and improved lipid profile and atherogenic indices, thus highlighting its cardioprotective potential, thereby supporting its use in the management of diabetes mellitus.
Potent Inhibitory Effects of Quercetin on Inflammatory Responses of Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Mice
Authors: Kawaguchi Kiichiro , Kaneko Masahiro , Miyake Ryo , Takimoto Hiroaki , Kumazawa Yoshio 
Published: February 2019

Background:
Production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α by inflammatory cells in lesions
is the hallmark of the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Regulation of inflammatory responses
in knee joints of patients with RA is critical for improving severe symptoms. Flavonoids have inhibitory
effects on the acute and chronic inflammatory responses caused by TNF-α. The flavonoid quercetin
(QUER) is one of the most prominent dietary antioxidants.

Objective:
The present study investigated the preventive and therapeutic effects of QUER on inflammatory
responses in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice.

Methods:
Mice with CIA, a mouse model for RA, were treated with QUER orally three times a week
either from the second immunization with collagen (day 21) or day 28 when symptoms of CIA had
developed midway.

Results:
In both cases, inflammation-related clinical scores of knee joints were significantly reduced
by treatment with QUER. Histological analyses showed that the representative characteristics of RA,
such as damage to interchondral joints, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and pannus formation, were
significantly reduced by QUER treatment. Oral administration of QUER significantly decreases
lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced TNF-α production in a dose-dependent manner. Expression of TNF-
α mRNA in knee joints was decreased in QUER-treated mice, compared with those of CIA controls.

Conclusion:
These results suggest that oral administration of QUER might effectively improve symptoms
of RA.
The Study on Semi-Blunt Puncture Behavior of Nanofiber Membrane/ Non-Woven Composite Material
Authors: Wang Fei-Fei , Wang Qian , Zhang Yan , Zhao Zhu-Xin , Wang Ping , Zhang Dian-tang 
Published: February 2019

Background:
Nanofiber membrane/non-woven composite material is composed of electrospinning
nanofiber membrane and non-woven fabric, which combines the supporting role of nonwoven
material and the special nano-size effect of nanomaterials.

Objective:
These composite material can be widely used in biomedical, filtration and other related
fields. In the actual use process, nanofiber membrane/non-woven composite material is often subjected
to external forces such as puncture or bursting. As a result, the mechanical study of nanofiber membrane/
non-woven composite materials has a high value and practical significance.

Methods:
The nanofiber membrane/non-woven composite material was obtained by spraying solution
(different concentrations of titanium dioxide-loaded Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)) on meltblown polyester
non-woven fabric. The surface morphology and fiber diameter of different concentrations nanotitanium
dioxide-loaded Poly (vinyl alcohol) fiber were investigated by Field Emission Scanning Electron
Microscopy (FESEM). The surface distribution of TiO2 on the electrospun fibrous membranes was
characterized by Energy Disperse Spectroscopy (EDS). The semi-blunt puncture behavior of different
concentrations of nano-titanium dioxide-loaded nanofiber membrane/non-woven composite material
was conducted by universal material machine.

Results:
With the increase of concentrations of nano-titanium dioxide particles, the surface smoothness
of nanofibers diminishes, the unevenness of the diameter distribution of the fiber increased and the
maximum semi-blunt puncture strength increased.

Conclusion:
The addition of hard particles does contribute to improving the puncture properties of the
composite materials. Several patents, related to electrospinning and bubble electrospinning equipment
for nanofiber fabrication, have been reported.
The Diagnostic Value of Subscapularis Clinical Tests in the Postoperative Diagnosis of Subscapularis Retears: An Ultrasound-Comparative Trial
Authors: Fandridis Emmanouil , Malahias Michael-Alexander , Plagou Athena , Orgiani Antonio , Luca Flaviis , Castagna Alessandro 
Published: February 2019

Background:
Different physical examination tests have been used to preoperatively determine both the presence and size of a primary subscapularis tear. On the contrary, no clinical trial has yet been published to assess the diagnostic validity of the aforementioned tests in diagnosing subscapularis retears after arthroscopic subscapularis repair.

Objective:
To investigate the diagnostic value of the most commonly used clinical tests in the diagnosis of subscapularis tendon retears after arthroscopic repair.

Methods:
A retrospective (prospectively collected data) case series involving 37 patients who were suffering from symptomatic complete subscapularis tendon tear was conducted. All patients underwent an all-arthroscopic subscapularis repair with the same operative technique. They were postoperatively evaluated (final end point of follow-up: 12 months) with the use of ultrasound, Constant-Murlay score (CS), bear hug test, internal rotation lag sign, Napoleon test and lift-off test. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive and negative prognostic values were calculated for each test.

Results:
Shoulder function was significantly improved according to the final CS. The internal rotation lag sign was the most sensitive for the diagnosis of postoperative subscapularis retears, while the Napoleon sign had the highest specificity. Although postoperative clinical tests yielded no false negative findings, they were poorly predictive as for new ruptures. Ten patients (27%), who were found with a positive (for re-rupture), postoperative, clinical test, had a sonographically intact subscapularis tendon repair.

Conclusion:
We strongly support the use of subscapularis-specific clinical tests as a composite, in combination with a specific interpretation of their results. If all tests are found negative for retear, then we could assume that the arthroscopic repair remains intact and no further diagnostic examination might be necessary. On the contrary, if at least one subscapularis-specific clinical test is positive for retear, then the patient will likely require additional imaging control for definite diagnosis.