bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DEPLOYMENT STATUS: A DIRECT OR INDIRECT EFFECT ON MOTHER–CHILD ATTACHMENT WITHIN A CANADIAN MILITARY CONTEXT?
Authors: Tupper Rachel , Bureau Jean‐François , St‐Laurent Diane 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTResearch has suggested that military spouses experience increased depressive symptoms and parenting stress during a military member's deployment. A relationship between maternal depressive symptoms, parenting stress, and child attachment security has been found in the general population, as has an indication that social support may provide a buffering effect. While there appears to be an association between the emotional well‐being of military spouses and child emotional well‐being during deployment, data are limited regarding the association between maternal emotional well‐being and child attachment security. The current study explores the association between deployment status and child attachment to the nonmilitary parent (i.e., the mother in this study) in a sample of 68 Canadian military families. Results revealed a significant impact of deployment status on maternal depressive symptoms and on quality of child attachment. The impact of deployment status on attachment was not mediated through the maternal variables, and despite a main effect of social support on the maternal variables, there was no moderating effect. Thus, our results suggest that deployment may affect child attachment independently of maternal well‐being.
Effects of elastic intramedullary nails composed of low Young's modulus Ti‐Nb‐Sn alloy on healing of tibial osteotomies in rabbits
Authors: Kogure Atsushi , Mori Yu , Tanaka Hidetatsu , Kamimura Masayuki , Masahashi Naoya , Hanada Shuji , Itoi Eiji 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIntramedullary nailing is widely performed for internal fixation of fractures. The applicable elasticity of materials composing intramedullary nails remains unclear. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of the elastic property of β‐type titanium alloy nails on fracture healing compared with conventional Ti‐6Al‐4V alloy nails using a rabbit tibial osteotomy model. Two types of intramedullary nails composed of β‐type Ti‐Nb‐Sn alloy (Young's modulus: 37 GPa) or Ti‐6Al‐4V alloy (Young's modulus: 110 GPa) were used for osteotomy fixation in the tibiae of rabbits. At 4, 8, and 16 weeks postoperatively, microcomputed tomography (micro‐CT) and three‐point bending tests were performed. Micro‐CT images showed that the callus volume was significantly larger in the Ti‐Nb‐Sn alloy group at 4 and 8 weeks. The callus bone mineral density did not differ at each time point. In mechanical testing, the maximum load was significantly higher at all time points in the Ti‐Nb‐Sn alloy group. Taken together, the elastic intramedullary nails composed of Ti‐Nb‐Sn alloy improved the mechanical properties of the bone healing site from the early phase to the remodeling phase. Adequate Young's modulus of the Ti‐Nb‐Sn alloy enhanced fracture union and bone strength restoration. The Ti‐Nb‐Sn alloy is a promising biomaterial for fracture fixation devices. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 700–707, 2019.
Comparative analysis for strength serum sodium and potassium in three different methods: Flame photometry, ion‐selective electrode (ISE) and colorimetric enzymatic
Authors: Garcia Rafaela Alvim , Vanelli Chislene Pereira , Pereira Junior Olavo dos Santos , Corrêa José Otávio do Amaral 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundHydroelectrolytic disorders are common in clinical situations and may be harmful to the patient, especially those involving plasma sodium and potassium dosages. Among the possible methods for the dosages are flame photometry, ion‐selective electrode (ISE) and colorimetric enzymatic method.MethodsWe analyzed 175 samples in the three different methods cited from patients attending the laboratory of the University Hospital of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora. The values obtained were statistically treated using SPSS 19.0 software. The present study aims to evaluate the impact of the use of these different methods in the determination of plasma sodium and potassium.ResultsThe averages obtained for sodium and potassium measurements by flame photometry were similar (P > .05) to the means obtained for the two electrolytes by ISE. The averages obtained by the colorimetric enzymatic method presented statistical difference in relation to ISE, both for sodium and potassium. In the correlation analysis, both flame photometry and colorimetric enzymatic showed a strong correlation with the ISE method for both dosages.ConclusionAt the first time in the same work sodium and potassium were analyzed by three different methods and the results allowed us to conclude that the methods showed a positive and strong correlation, and can be applied in the clinical routine.
Communitarianism and youth empowerment: Motivation for participation in a community‐based substance abuse prevention coalition
Authors: Bermea Autumn M. , Lardier David T. , Forenza Brad , Garcia‐Reid Pauline , Reid Robert J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn recent years, collaborative efforts between universities and community‐based coalitions have helped develop prevention–intervention efforts to decrease the prevalence of drug and alcohol use among youth in low‐income, majority–minority urban areas. One theory often employed to understand the efficacy of community member involvement is McMillian and Chavis's (1986) sense of community (SOC) model. This model posits how 4 main tenants (i.e., sense of belonging, emotional connection, needs fulfillment, and influence) lead to increased empowerment. The present study examines how individual SOC affected substance abuse coalition members’ (N = 17) motivations for serving on a coalition. Findings explore how all four tenants of McMillian and Chavis's (1986) model influenced community members’ involvement in the coalition, which have implications for prevention, policy, and further research.
Public exposure and attitudes about homelessness
Authors: Tsai Jack , Lee Crystal Y. S. , Shen Jianxun , Southwick Steven M. , Pietrzak Robert H. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this study, we conducted a survey among a large sample of U.S. adults to assess attitudes and beliefs about the causes of homelessness, policies to address homelessness, and programs for homeless individuals. In 2016, we surveyed a national sample of 541 adults from 47 different U.S. states using Amazon Mechanical Turk. Of the total sample, 78% reported that homelessness was a problem in their communities and 60% believed homelessness would increase in the next 5 years. The majority expressed compassion for homeless individuals and endorsed structural, intrinsic, and health factors as causes of homelessness. Most participants (73%–88%) believed the federal government should dedicate more funds and policies for homeless individuals. These attitudes were substantially more likely to be reported by participants who were female, lower income, Democrat, and personally exposed to homelessness. Most Americans care about homelessness as a major problem but there are divergent perspectives on solutions to address homelessness based on gender, income level, and political affiliation.
Stressful life events among homeless people in León (Nicaragua): Quantity, types, timing, and perceived causality
Authors: Vázquez José Juan , Suarez Alexia , Berríos Alberto , Panadero Sonia 
Published: June 2018

AbstractNicaragua is one of Latin America's least developed countries and has a lack of data on homeless people, a stigmatized group living in extreme poverty. We conducted structured interviews with homeless people living in the city of León (Nicaragua; n = 41) to obtain data on the quantity, types, timing, and perceived causality of stressful life events (SLEs) experienced during their childhood and adolescence as well as throughout their adult lives. The findings showed that our participants had experienced a high number of extremely severe SLEs at very early ages and most of these SLEs occurred before they first became homeless. In terms of the perceived causal relationship between SLEs and homelessness, the interviewees mainly attributed being homeless to material, affective, or relationship factors, or an excessive consumption of alcohol and/or drugs. Suffering from multiple and serious SLEs, largely due to living in socioeconomically disadvantaged environments, appears to be an important vulnerability factor in both becoming homeless and chronic homelessness.
An Open‐Label Discontinuation Trial of Long‐Term, Off‐Label Antipsychotic Medication in People With Intellectual Disability: Determinants of Success and Failure
Authors: de Kuijper Gerda M. , Hoekstra Pieter J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAlthough physicians are aware of the risks of prescribing long‐term off‐label antipsychotics in people with intellectual disability, attempts to discontinue often fail. This study aimed to identify potential determinants of successful and failed discontinuation. Long‐term off‐label antipsychotics were tapered in 14 weeks, with 12.5% of baseline dose every 2 weeks. Participants living in facilities offered by intellectual disability service providers, ≥6 years, with an IQ <70 were eligible to discontinue antipsychotic use, as judged by their physicians. The primary outcome was achievement of complete discontinuation at 16 weeks; changes in the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) and its 5 subscales were secondary outcomes. Potential determinants of the success or failure in discontinuing antipsychotics were psychotropic drug use and participants’ living circumstances, medical health conditions, and severity of behavioral symptoms and neurologic side effects. Of 499 eligible clients, 129 were recruited. Reasons for client non‐participation were clinician concerns that discontinuation might increase challenging behaviors and changes in clients’ environment. Of the 129 participants, 61% had completely discontinued antipsychotics at 16 weeks, 46% at 28 weeks, and 40% at 40 weeks. ABC total scores increased in 49% of participants with unsuccessful discontinuation at 16 weeks. Autism, higher dose of antipsychotic drug, higher ABC and akathisia scores, and more‐frequent worsening of health during discontinuation were associated with a lower incidence of complete discontinuation. Thus, in a selected sample of participants whom responsible clinicians had deemed discontinuation of antipsychotics could be attempted, 40% had achieved and maintained discontinuation at end of follow‐up. Physicians should try to address patients’ conditions that may hamper discontinuation.
The influence of salts on the reverse osmosis performance treating simulated boron‐containing low level radioactive wastewater
Authors: Chen Ding , Li Fuzhi , Zhao Xuan , Sun Yuliang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDWith the rapid development of nuclear energy in China, a broad spectrum of low level radioactive wastewater (LLRW) has been generated and must be purified prior to discharging to the environment. Reverse osmosis (RO) has been proved an effective technology in the treatment of high boron‐containing LLRW in nuclear power plants (NPPs). However, there is always a large amount of salts in the LLRW as background compounds. It is important to understand the influences of salts on the rejection of nuclides and boron.RESULTSA lab‐scale cross‐flow membrane filtration unit was used. With the increase of ion concentration, the permeate flux decreased by 15% and 25% for BW30XFR and LE, respectively. Nuclides rejection increased by 2–8% and boron rejection increased by 5–10% when raising salts concentration to 2.5 mmol L–1. Divalent ions such as Mg2+ and SO42− had a stronger impact than monovalent ions such as Na+ and Cl− on nuclides and boron rejection.CONCLUSIONIncreasing ion strength promoted the rejection of trace nuclides and boron, but at the cost of membrane flux loss. The results of dealing with simulated wastewater would give us information to better understand how to treat real radioactive wastewater. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
The homomorphism threshold of ‐free graphs
Authors: Letzter Shoham , Snyder Richard 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe determine the structure of ‐free graphs with n vertices and minimum degree larger than : such graphs are homomorphic to the graph obtained from a ‐cycle by adding all chords of length , for some k. This answers a question of Messuti and Schacht. We deduce that the homomorphism threshold of ‐free graphs is 1/5, thus answering a question of Oberkampf and Schacht.
Spatial Determinants of Financial Inclusion over Time
Authors: Bozkurt Ibrahim , Karakuş Rıfat , Yildiz Melek 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis paper investigates the factors generating changes in the financial inclusion levels based on data from 120 countries for 2011 and 2014. After calculating the index of financial inclusion across countries, we find evidences on the presence of spatial dependencies by using the Global Moran's I and local indicators of spatial association analyses. Then, we employ spatial regression and spatial panel data models that control for spatial interdependence. The results show that social, banking and political factors play an important role in the determination of change in financial inclusion. We also find financial inclusion convergence among the countries. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Esterase activity and conformational changes of bovine serum albumin toward interaction with mephedrone: Spectroscopic and computational studies
Authors: Patel Rajan , Maurya Neha , Parray Mehraj ud din , Farooq Nida , Siddique Abrar , Verma Kanak Lata , Dohare Neeraj 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe present work is a brief overview of the effect of psychostimulant drug mephedrone hydrochloride (4MMC) on a transport protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA). The binding effect of 4MMC on BSA has been investigated by using UV‐visible, steady‐state fluorescence, time‐resolved fluorescence, fluorescence resonance energy transfer, Fourier transform infrared, circular dichroism, and molecular docking method. 4‐Methylmephedrone quenched the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA by static quenching mechanism, which was further confirmed by time‐resolved fluorescence. The absorption spectrum of BSA in the presence of various concentrations of 4MMC reveals the change in the absorption bands of BSA‐4MMC complex. The binding constant between 4MMC and BSA was calculated to be of the order of 104 Lmol−1. The thermodynamic parameters such as molar enthalpy change (∆H), molar Gibbs free energy change (∆G), and molar entropy contribution (∆S) were obtained by the van't Hoff equation. The values obtained suggested that the binding mechanism was entropic driven and the major forces involved are hydrophobic in nature. The fluorescence resonance energy transfer result indicates the high probability of energy transfer from Trp residue of BSA to the 4MMC (r = 2.01 nm). Fourier transform infrared and CD results showed that 4MMC induced secondary structural changes in BSA. The esterase‐like activity of BSA in presence of 4MMC further validated our CD results, confirming the distortion and change in functionality of protein upon binding with 4MMC. Molecular docking analysis showed that 4MMC principally bind at the II site (subdomain IIIA) of BSA.
Restricted spectral accuracy analysis to identify the single correct organic compound elemental‐composition from Orbitrap accurate mass data lists obtained at very high resolution
Authors: Strife Robert J. , Wang Yongdong , Kuehl Don 
Published: June 2018

AbstractRestricted spectral accuracy is applied to Orbitrap data (240 000 resolution at m/z 400) to more clearly break out the scoring and ranking of allowable elemental compositions (ECs) in a candidate list. The correct EC is usually top ranked and separated from other answers by 10 to 40% within the dimensionless 0 to 100% scale, providing a single, definitive EC. The A + 2 position (where A denotes the monoisotopic line position) is especially advantageous in restricted spectral accuracy. It has enough intensity and more complexity than (A + 1) fine lines and is like a fingerprint. Avoidance of coalescence phenomena and careful ion population control are essential.
Gait analysis related to functional outcome in patients operated for ankle fractures
Authors: van Hoeve Sander , Houben Michael , Verbruggen Jan P. A. M. , Willems Paul , Meijer Kenneth , Poeze Martijn 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTAnkle fractures are among the most common lower limb fractures. Associations between postoperative radiographic results and clinical outcome have been found, but less is known about the relevant ankle biomechanics. This study analyzed ankle kinematics, radiographic findings, and patient‐reported outcome measures (PROM) in patients treated for ankle fractures. The hypothesis was that patients after ankle fracture surgery had less flexion/extension in the ankle compared to healthy subjects and that fracture severity had significant influence on kinematics and patient satisfaction. Thirty‐three patients (n = 33 feet) operated for ankle fractures were recruited. Ankle kinematics were analyzed using the Oxford Foot model, and results were compared with an age‐matched healthy control group (11 patients, 20 feet). In addition, patients were divided by fracture (severity) classification and kinematic results were correlated with PROM and radiographic findings. Patients treated for ankle fracture showed lower walking speed (p < 0.001) when asked to walk in preferred normal speed. When compared at equal speed, significantly less range of motion (ROM) between the hindfoot and tibia in the sagittal plane (flexion/extension) during loading and push‐off phases (p = 0.003 and p < 0.001) was found in patients after ankle fractures compared to healthy subjects. Lowest ROM and poorest PROM results were found for patients with trimalleolar ankle fractures. There was a significant correlation between ROM (flexion/extension) during the push‐off phase and SF‐36 physical functioning (r2 = 0.403, p = 0.027) and SF‐36 general health (r2 = 0.473, p = 0.008). Fracture severity was significantly correlated with flexion/extension ROM in the ankle during both loading and push‐off phases (r2 = −0.382, p = 0.005, and r2 = −0.568, p < 0.001) and was also significantly correlated with PROM. This study found that patients with ankle fractures had significantly altered ankle kinematics compared to healthy subjects. The poorest results were found among patients with trimalleolar fractures. Weak to strong significant correlations were found between fracture severity, ankle kinematics, and PROM. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research® Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society. J Orthop Res 37:1658–1666, 2019.
Multi‐objective design optimization of high tibial osteotomy for improvement of biomechanical effect by using finite element analysis
Authors: Koh Yong‐Gon , Son Juhyun , Kim Ho‐Joong , Kwon Sae Kwang , Kwon Oh‐Ryong , Kim Hyo Jeong , Kang Kyoung‐Tak 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTMedial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (HTO) makes the proximal tibia a highly unstable structure and causes plates and screws to be the potential sources for mechanical failure. However, asymmetrical callus and incomplete bone formations underneath the plates (TomoFix) have been recent concerns in clinical and experimental studies related to HTO due to the high stiffness. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical effect of the TomoFix plate system with respect to changes in design using a computational simulation. A parametric three‐dimensional model of HTO was constructed from medical image data. The design parameters for the HTO plate were evaluated to investigate their influence on biomechanical effects, and the most significant factors were determined using Taguchi‐style L27 orthogonal arrays. Multi‐objective optimization was used to identify the wedge micromotion stability without the stress shielding effect that occurs in the bone plate. The initial design showed that the high stiffness of the plate caused stress shielding on the bone and plate. However, the optimal design led to sharing the stress and load with the bone plate to eliminate stress shielding. In addition, the stability required for the plate could be found in the micromotions of the wedge for the optimal design. The optimal condition of design parameters was successfully determined using the Taguchi and multi‐objective optimization method, which was shown to eliminate stress shielding effects. The results showed that an optimal design demonstrated the feasibility of design optimization and improvements in biomechanical stability for HTO. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:2956–2965, 2018.
Preparation and application of magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers for the isolation of chelerythrine from Macleaya cordata
Authors: Zhong Ming , Wang Yan‐Hong , Wang Lu , Long Rui‐Qing , Chen Chun‐Lin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA novel type of magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer was prepared for the selective enrichment and isolation of chelerythrine from Macleaya cordata (Willd) R. Br. The magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers were prepared using functional Fe3O4@SiO2 as a magnetic support, chelerythrine as template, methacrylic acid as functional monomer, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as cross‐linker. Density functional theory at the B3LYP/6‐31G (d, p) level with Gaussian 09 software was applied to calculate the interaction energies of chelerythrine, methacrylic acid and the complexes formed from chelerythrine and methacrylic acid in different ratios. The structural features and morphology of the synthesized polymers were characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and vibration sample magnetometry. Adsorption experiments revealed that the magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers possessed rapid kinetics, high selectivity, and a higher binding capacity (7.96 mg/g) to chelerythrine than magnetic molecularly non‐imprinted polymers (2.36 mg/g). The adsorption process was in good agreement with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm and pseudo‐second‐order kinetics models. Furthermore, the magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers were successfully employed as adsorbents for the extraction and enrichment of chelerythrine from Macleaya cordata (Willd) R. Br. The results indicated that the magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers were suitable for the selective adsorption of chelerythrine from complex samples such as natural medical plants.
Host Responses to Biomaterials and Anti‐Inflammatory Design—a Brief Review
Authors: Zhou Guoying , Groth Thomas 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHost responses toward foreign implants that lead to chronic inflammation and fibrosis may result in failure of the biomedical device. To solve these problems, first a better understanding of the biomaterial‐induced host reactions including protein adsorption, leukocyte activation, inflammatory and fibrotic responses to biomaterials is required; second an improved design of biomaterial surfaces is needed that results in an appropriate host response, causing less inflammatory response, and supporting tissue regeneration. Hence, this review provides a brief overview on the host response to implants, as well as in vitro models to study inflammatory and fibrotic responses to biomaterials to predict the clinical outcome of implantation. Moreover, the review highlights anti‐inflammatory strategies to improve the biocompatibility of implants, which contain the modification of physicochemical surface properties of materials as well as the immobilization of anti‐inflammatory reagents and bioactive molecules on biomaterials.