bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can phosphorus application and cover cropping alter arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities and soybean performance after a five-year phosphorus-unfertilized crop rotational system?
Authors: Higo Masao , Sato Ryohei , Serizawa Ayu , Takahashi Yuichi , Gunji Kento , Tatewaki Yuya , Isobe Katsunori 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundUnderstanding diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is important for optimizing their role for phosphorus (P) nutrition of soybeans (Glycine max(L.) Merr.) in P-limited soils. However, it is not clear how soybean growth and P nutrition is related to AMF colonization and diversity of AMF communities in a continuous P-unfertilized cover cropping system. Thus, we investigated the impact of P-application and cover cropping on the interaction among AMF colonization, AMF diversity in soybean roots, soybean growth and P nutrition under a five-year P-unfertilized crop rotation.MethodsIn this study, we established three cover crop systems (wheat, red clover and oilseed rape) or bare fallow in rotation with soybean. The P-application rates before the seeding of soybeans were 52.5 and 157.5 kg ha−1in 2014 and 2015, respectively. We measured AMF colonization in soybean roots, soybean growth parameters such as aboveground plant biomass, P uptake at the flowering stage and grain yields at the maturity stage in both years. AMF community structure in soybean roots was characterized by specific amplification of small subunit rDNA.ResultsThe increase in the root colonization at the flowering stage was small as a result of P-application. Cover cropping did not affect the aboveground biomass and P uptake of soybean in both years, but the P-application had positive effects on the soybean performance such as plant P uptake, biomass and grain yield in 2015. AMF communities colonizing soybean roots were also significantly influenced by P-application throughout the two years. Moreover, the diversity of AMF communities in roots was significantly influenced by P-application and cover cropping in both years, and was positively correlated with the soybean biomass, P uptake and grain yield throughout the two years.DiscussionOur results indicated that P-application rather than cover cropping may be a key factor for improving soybean growth performance with respect to AMF diversity in P-limited cover cropping systems. Additionally, AMF diversity in roots can potentially contribute to soybean P nutrition even in the P-fertilized cover crop rotational system. Therefore, further investigation into the interaction of AMF diversity, P-application and cover cropping is required for the development of more effective P management practices on soybean growth performance.
Pheromone trapping system for Rhynchophorus ferrugineus in Saudi Arabia: Optimization of trap contents and placement
Authors: Paraj Shukla Mahmoud M. Abdel-Azim 
Published: April 2018

The red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier is a major pest of date palm. The pheromone-based mass trapping of weevils has traditionally been an important component of integrated pest management program for this pest. In order to maximize the trap catches, six field experiments were conducted in the present study including evaluation of stump trap, lures, lure synergist ethyl acetate, kairomones, food baits and yeast. The stump trap lured more weevils than the tree trap. The three tested pheromone lures were similar in attraction but with ethyl acetate, Ferrolure+™ lured more weevils than RHYFER™. Amongst the tested kairomones, acetic acid and ethyl acetate alone and together emerged as strong synergists to lure. The date fruits, date palm stem pieces and sugarcane pieces attracted similar number of weevils but in presence of ethyl acetate, date fruits attracted significantly more adults. Date fruits attracted more weevils with yeast than alone but overall, date fruits, yeast and ethyl acetate together recorded the highest trap catches. The differences in attraction of weevils due to various treatments have been analyzed and results are discussed.
Assessing Satellite‐Derived Radiative Forcing From Snow Impurities Through Inverse Hydrologic Modeling
Authors: Matt F. N. , Burkhart J. F. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractLight‐absorbing impurities in snow and ice (LAISI) lower the snow albedo and cause accelerated snowmelt. The radiative forcing caused by LAISI is in this connection the key variable in understanding LAISI‐snowpack dynamics. Here we present an approach combining distributed hydrologic model simulations and remotely sensed radiative forcing from LAISI in order to improve model predictions of radiative forcing impacts. In a case study, we assess the seasonal cycle of instantaneous at‐surface clear‐sky radiative forcing from LAISI as predicted by model and satellite observations for a river basin located at the southern slope of the Himalayas. By scaling dust depositions, we optimize simulated radiative forcing conditioned on satellite observations. The optimized model predicts that LAISI‐induced radiative forcing in snow contributes to 4.1% to 5.8% of the annual discharge. The presented approach has a wide range of applications as it provides a novel method to constrain and evaluate measures of LAISI‐induced radiative forcing.
Effects of cannabis on eyewitness memory: A field study
Authors: Vredeveldt Annelies , Charman Steve D. , den Blanken Aukje , Hooydonk Maren 
Published: April 2018

SummaryEyewitnesses to crimes are regularly under the influence of drugs, such as cannabis. Yet there is very little research on how the use of cannabis affects eyewitness memory. In the present study, we assessed the effects of cannabis on eyewitness recall and lineup identification performance in a field setting. One hundred twenty visitors of coffee shops in Amsterdam viewed a videotaped criminal event, were interviewed about the event, and viewed a target‐present or target‐absent lineup. Witnesses under the influence of cannabis remembered significantly fewer correct details about the witnessed event than did sober witnesses, with no difference in incorrect recall. Cannabis use was not significantly associated with lineup identification performance, but intoxicated witnesses were significantly better at judging whether their lineup identification was accurate. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
Designing Negative Differential Resistance Devices Based on Self‐Heating
Authors: Gibson Gary A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThere are a number of important emerging applications that would benefit from simple circuit elements that exhibit tunable current‐controlled negative differential resistance (NDR). The advent of such devices would enable, for example, key components for threshold logic and neuromorphic computing such as threshold switches, periodic and chaotic oscillators, and small signal amplifiers. Circuit elements that provide NDR with modifiable electrical characteristics would also be useful for creating optimized “selectors” that enable addressing of individual memory cells in large resistance‐based memory arrays. Currently, there are no simple, bipolar, two‐terminal commercial devices that exhibit current‐controlled NDR. This paper demonstrates that current‐controlled NDR can, in principal, arise from any electrical conduction mechanism that depends superlinearly on temperature, and that in practice a broad spectrum of materials can be utilized to yield NDR. A model is presented that accurately predicts conditions under which NDR can be observed and guidelines are provided for choosing materials that result in desired electrical characteristics. This model accurately predicts the behavior of some existing structures and can be used to tailor future circuit elements for emerging applications. It may also explain the onset of a number of “soft breakdown” phenomena.
A Simple and Versatile Pathway for the Synthesis of Visible Light Photoreactive Nanoparticles
Authors: Delafresnaye Laura , Zaquen Neomy , Kuchel Rhiannon P. , Blinco James P. , Zetterlund Per B. , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis work pioneers the design of visible (415 nm) and UV‐B light (300 nm) reactive nanoparticles via radical polymerization in aqueous heterogeneous media based on methyl methacrylate (MMA) and unique acrylates bearing tetrazole functionalities in a simple and straightforward two step reaction. Stable colloidal nanoparticles with an average diameter of 150 nm and inherent tetrazole functionality (varying from 2.5 to 10 wt% relative to MMA) are prepared via one‐pot miniemulsion polymerization. In a subsequent step, fluorescent pyrazoline moieties serving as linkage points are generated on the nanoparticles by either photoinduced nitrile imine‐mediated tetrazole‐ene cycloaddition (NITEC) or nitrile imine carboxylic acid ligation (NICAL) in water, thus enabling the particles as fluorescent tracers. Through in‐depth molecular surface analysis, it is demonstrated that the photoreactive nanoparticles undergo ligation to a variety of substrates bearing functionalities including maleimides, acrylates, or carboxylic acids, illustrating the versatility of the particle modification process. Critically, the unique ability of the photoreactive nanoparticles to be activated with visible light allows for their decoration with UV light–sensitive molecules. Herein, the ligation of folic acid—a vitamin prone to degradation under UV light—to the photoreactive nanoparticles using visible light is exemplified, demonstrating the synthetic power of our photoreactive fluorescent nanoparticle platform technology.
High‐Performance Thiol–Ene Composites Unveil a New Era of Adhesives Suited for Bone Repair
Authors: Granskog Viktor , García‐Gallego Sandra , von Kieseritzky Johanna , Rosendahl Jennifer , Stenlund Patrik , Zhang Yuning , Petronis Sarunas , Lyvén Benny , Arner Marianne , Håkansson Joakim , Malkoch Michael 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe use of adhesives for fracture fixation can revolutionize the surgical procedures toward more personalized bone repairs. However, there are still no commercially available adhesive solutions mainly due to the lack of biocompatibility, poor adhesive strength, or inadequate fixation protocols. Here, a surgically realizable adhesive system capitalizing on visible light thiol–ene coupling chemistry is presented. The adhesives are carefully designed and formulated from a novel class of chemical constituents influenced by dental resin composites and self‐etch primers. Validation of the adhesive strength is conducted on wet bone substrates and accomplished via fiber‐reinforced adhesive patch (FRAP) methodology. The results unravel, for the first time, on the promise of a thiol–ene adhesive with an unprecedented shear bond strength of 9.0 MPa and that surpasses, by 55%, the commercially available acrylate dental adhesive system Clearfil SE Bond of 5.8 MPa. Preclinical validation of FRAPs on rat femur fracture models details good adhesion to the bone throughout the healing process, and are found biocompatible not giving rise to any inflammatory response. Remarkably, the FRAPs are found to withstand loads up to 70 N for 1000 cycles on porcine metacarpal fractures outperforming clinically used K‐wires and match metal plates and screw implants.
Inkjet Printed Large‐Area Flexible Few‐Layer Graphene Thermoelectrics
Authors: Juntunen Taneli , Jussila Henri , Ruoho Mikko , Liu Shouhu , Hu Guohua , Albrow‐Owen Tom , Ng Leonard W. T. , Howe Richard C. T. , Hasan Tawfique , Sun Zhipei , Tittonen Ilkka 
Published: April 2018

AbstractGraphene‐based organic nanocomposites have ascended as promising candidates for thermoelectric energy conversion. In order to adopt existing scalable printing methods for developing thermostable graphene‐based thermoelectric devices, optimization of both the material ink and the thermoelectric properties of the resulting films are required. Here, inkjet‐printed large‐area flexible graphene thin films with outstanding thermoelectric properties are reported. The thermal and electronic transport properties of the films reveal the so‐called phonon‐glass electron‐crystal character (i.e., electrical transport behavior akin to that of few‐layer graphene flakes with quenched thermal transport arising from the disordered nanoporous structure). As a result, the all‐graphene films show a room‐temperature thermoelectric power factor of 18.7 µW m−1 K−2, representing over a threefold improvement to previous solution‐processed all‐graphene structures. The demonstration of inkjet‐printed thermoelectric devices underscores the potential for future flexible, scalable, and low‐cost thermoelectric applications, such as harvesting energy from body heat in wearable applications.
Remote‐Loaded Platelet Vesicles for Disease‐Targeted Delivery of Therapeutics
Authors: Ying Man , Zhuang Jia , Wei Xiaoli , Zhang Xinxin , Zhang Yue , Jiang Yao , Dehaini Diana , Chen Mengchun , Gu Silun , Gao Weiwei , Lu Weiyue , Fang Ronnie H. , Zhang Liangfang 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe recent emergence of biomimetic nanotechnology has facilitated the development of next‐generation nanodelivery systems capable of enhanced biointerfacing. In particular, the direct use of natural cell membranes can enable multivalent targeting functionalities. Herein, this study reports on the remote loading of small molecule therapeutics into cholesterol‐enriched platelet membrane‐derived vesicles for disease‐targeted delivery. Using this approach, high loading yields for two model drugs, doxorubicin and vancomycin, are achieved. Leveraging the surface markers found on platelet membranes, the resultant nanoformulations demonstrate natural affinity toward both breast cancer cells and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus. In vivo, this translates to improved disease targeting, increasing the potency of the encapsulated drug payloads compared with free drugs and the corresponding nontargeted nanoformulations. Overall, this work demonstrates that the remote loading of drugs into functional platelet membrane‐derived vesicles is a facile means of fabricating targeted nanoformulations, an approach that can be easily generalized to other cell types in the future.
Metal–Organic‐Framework‐Derived Carbon Nanostructure Augmented Sonodynamic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Pan Xueting , Bai Lixin , Wang Hui , Wu Qingyuan , Wang Hongyu , Liu Shuang , Xu Bolong , Shi Xinghua , Liu Huiyu 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSonodynamic therapy (SDT) can overcome the critical issue of depth‐penetration barrier of photo‐triggered therapeutic modalities. However, the discovery of sonosensitizers with high sonosensitization efficacy and good stability is still a significant challenge. In this study, the great potential of a metal–organic‐framework (MOF)‐derived carbon nanostructure that contains porphyrin‐like metal centers (PMCS) to act as an excellent sonosensitizer is identified. Excitingly, the superior sonosensitization effect of PMCS is believed to be closely linked to the porphyrin‐like macrocycle in MOF‐derived nanostructure in comparison to amorphous carbon nanospheres, due to their large highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)–lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) gap for high reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The nanoparticle‐assisted cavitation process, including the visualized formation of the cavitation bubbles and microjets, is also first captured by high‐speed camera. High ROS production in PMCS under ultrasound is validated by electron spin resonance and dye measurement, followed by cellular destruction and high tumor inhibition efficiency (85%). This knowledge is important from the perspective of understanding the structure‐dependent SDT enhancement of a MOF‐derived carbon nanostructure.
High‐Efficiency Broadband Mid‐Infrared Flat Lens
Authors: Safaei Alireza , Vázquez‐Guardado Abraham , Franklin Daniel , Leuenberger Michael N. , Chanda Debashis 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIntegrated photonic circuits and infrared imaging systems demand compact optical components. Dielectric diffractive optics enables miniaturization of the curved refractive optics into planar structure by encoding phase over a 2D plane. However, in the mid‐infrared wavelength range, such engineered dielectric surfaces are not efficient, because optically transparent dielectric scatterers with high index contrast in the mid‐infrared spectral range suffer from low bandwidth and high thermal noise in long wavelengths. Here, a planar optical lens based on ultrathin gold plasmonic nanostructure operating in the mid‐infrared spectral range is demonstrated. The design enables subwavelength focusing beyond the Abbe‐Rayleigh diffraction limit while maintaining high transmission efficiency (≈60%) with excellent agreement between electromagnetic simulations and confocal measurements. Single and bilayer flat lenses designed for subwavelength polarization‐dependent line and polarization‐independent point focusing, respectively, are demonstrated. Such geometry‐defined tunable optical response overcomes the challenges associated with the unavailability of mid‐infrared transparent materials for low footprint planar integration with thermal imaging systems.
In Situ Assembly of 2D Conductive Vanadium Disulfide with Graphene as a High‐Sulfur‐Loading Host for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Zhu Xingyu , Zhao Wen , Song Yingze , Li Qiucheng , Ding Feng , Sun Jingyu , Zhang Li , Liu Zhongfan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractLithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are deemed to be one of the most promising energy storage technologies because of their high energy density, low cost, and environmental benignancy. However, existing drawbacks including the shuttling of intermediate polysulfides, the insulating nature of sulfur, and the considerable volume change of sulfur cathode would otherwise result in the capacity fading and unstable cycling. To overcome these challenges, herein an in situ assembly route is presented to fabricate VS2/reduced graphene oxide nanosheets (G–VS2) as a sulfur host. Benefiting from the 2D conductive and polar VS2 interlayered within a graphene framework, the obtained G–VS2 hybrids can effectively suppress the polysulfide shuttling, facilitate the charge transport, and cushion the volume expansion throughout the synergistic effect of structural confinement and chemical anchoring. With these advantageous features, the obtained sulfur cathode (G–VS2/S) can deliver an outstanding rate capability (≈950 and 800 mAh g−1 at 1 and 2 C, respectively) and an impressive cycling stability at high rates (retaining ≈532 mAh g−1 after 300 cycles at 5 C). More significantly, it enables superior cycling performance of high‐sulfur‐loading cathodes (achieving an areal capacity of 5.1 mAh cm−2 at 0.2 C with a sulfur loading of 5 mg cm−2) even at high current densities.
Enhancing Optical, Electronic, Crystalline, and Morphological Properties of Cesium Lead Halide by Mn Substitution for High‐Stability All‐Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells with Carbon Electrodes
Authors: Liang Jia , Liu Zonghao , Qiu Longbin , Hawash Zafer , Meng Lingqiang , Wu Zhifang , Jiang Yan , Ono Luis K. , Qi Yabing 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this work all‐inorganic perovskite CsPbIBr2 are doped with Mn to compensate their shortcomings in band structure for the application of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The novel Mn‐doped all‐inorganic perovskites, CsPb1−xMnxI1+2xBr2−2x, are prepared in ambient atmosphere. As the concentration of Mn2+ ions increases, the bandgaps of CsPb1−xMnxI1+2xBr2−2x decrease from 1.89 to 1.75 eV. Additionally, when the concentration of Mn dopants is appropriate, this novel Mn‐doped all‐inorganic perovskite film shows better crystallinity and morphology than its undoped counterpart. These advantages alleviate the energy loss in hole transfer and facilitate the charge‐transfer in perovskites, therefore, PSCs based on these novel CsPb1−xMnxI1+2xBr2−2x perovskite films display better photovoltaic performance than the undoped CsPbIBr2 perovskite films. The reference CsPbIBr2 cell reaches a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.14%, comparable with the previous reports. The CsPb1−xMnxI1+2xBr2−2x cells reach the highest PCE of 7.36% (when x = 0.005), an increase of 19.9% in PCE. Furthermore, the encapsulated CsPb0.995Mn0.005I1.01Br1.99 cells exhibit good stability in ambient atmosphere. The storage stability measurements on the encapsulated PSCs reveal that PCE is dropped by only 8% of the initial value after >300 h in ambient. Such improved efficiency and stability are achieved using low‐cost carbon electrodes (without expensive hole transport materials and Au electrodes).
Application of bone transgenic zebrafish in anti‐osteoporosis chemical screening
Authors: Huang Hong‐xin , Lin Hao , Lan Fen , Wu Yong‐fu , Yang Zhen‐guo , Zhang Jing‐jing 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe zebrafish (Danio rerio) has recently been shown to be an ideal model to study bone disease including osteoporosis. The zebrafish osteoporosis model could be induced by glucocorticoid treatment with chemical staining for reflecting the level of bone mineralization. However, this methodology was unstable. Here, we developed a novel methodology to directly evaluate the bone mass and density.MethodsWe generated and used the bone of transgenic zebrafish Tg (ola.sp7:nlsGFP) to evaluate the bone mass and density by measuring the areal extent and the integrated optical density (IOD) of enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP). This methodology was further compared with the traditional chemically stained method showing the bone mineralization. Furthermore, genes related to zebrafish osteoporosis were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR).ResultsOur results of new methods were consistent with those from chemically stained fish, following glucocorticoid‐induction or epimedium flavonoid (FE)‐rescue treatments. qRT‐PCR analyses on mRNA levels revealed that glucocorticoid induces osteoporosis by downregulating the expression of osteoblast‐related factors osterix, osteocalcin, and osteopontin, and upregulating the expression of osteoclast‐related factor tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase. In FE‐rescued fish, the expression of osteogenic factors osterix, osteocalcin, and osteopontin were increased.ConclusionCompared to the traditional chemical staining methods, the new osteoporosis model using Tg(ola.sp7:nlsGFP) is more convenient and efficient for studying osteoporosis in vivo, and especially for high‐throughput anti‐osteoporosis drug screening.
Redox imbalance stress in diabetes mellitus: Role of the polyol pathway
Authors: Yan Liang‐jun 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn diabetes mellitus, the polyol pathway is highly active and consumes approximately 30% glucose in the body. This pathway contains 2 reactions catalyzed by aldose reductase (AR) and sorbitol dehydrogenase, respectively. AR reduces glucose to sorbitol at the expense of NADPH, while sorbitol dehydrogenase converts sorbitol to fructose at the expense of NAD+, leading to NADH production. Consumption of NADPH, accumulation of sorbitol, and generation of fructose and NADH have all been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications. In this review, the roles of this pathway in NADH/NAD+ redox imbalance stress and oxidative stress in diabetes are highlighted. A potential intervention using nicotinamide riboside to restore redox balance as an approach to fighting diabetes is also discussed.