bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
REVIEW ON SWERTIA CHIRATA AS TRADITIONAL USES TO ITS PYHTOCHEMISTRY AND PHRMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY
Authors: Aleem Abdul , Kabir Hifzul 
Published: November 2018

Swertia chirata (Gentianaceae), is a popular medicinal plant native to temperate Himalaya. The plant of Swertia chirata is found at an altitude of 1200-1300m, from Bhutan to Kashmir and in the Khasi hills at 1200-1500m. It also can be grown in sub-temperate territories between 1500-2100m altitudes. Chirata has an erect and about 2-3 ft long stem. Herbal medicinal plants are necessary for about for about 80% of the world population in developed and developing countries for their basic and primary health care required owing to better tolerability, superior empathy with human body and having lesser side effects. Herbal plants are considered as rich source of phytochemical ingredients. The main chemical ingredients are Swertiamarin, Amarogentin, Swechirin, Mangiferin, Sweroside, Gentianine, Amaroswerin, Oleanolic acid, Swertanoone, Ursolic acid. Phytochemical analysis divulges alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, glycosides, triterpenoids, saponins, xanthones and ascorbic acid in all samples. Nepali S. chirata was found to have finest TLC (thin layer chromatography). People have been using traditional medicinal plants for thousand years ago. Traditional plants play a very important role in preventing and treating of human diseases. Medicinal usage of Swertia chirata is reported in Indian pharmaceutical codex, the American and the British pharmacopoeias and in the different traditional systems of medicine (Unani, Ayurveda and Siddha). Swertia chirata is commonly known as a bitter tonic in traditional system of medicine for the treatment of fever, loss of appetite, digestive disorders, diabetes, skin and various other diseases.
Keywords: Swertia chirata, swerchirin, Anti-inflammatory, Oleanolic acid, Traditional medicine.
A REVIEW ON ALOE VERA-THE WONDER MEDICINAL PLANT
Authors: Lanka Suseela 
Published: November 2018

Aloe vera, a succulent plant that grows in arid and subtropical climates is best known for its medicinal properties and is used in Ayurvedic, Homoeopathic and Allopathic streams of medicine. It has been in use for a long time by people of varied cultures and traditional uses include applications to reduce perspiration, oral dosing for diabetes and to get rid of a range of gastrointestinal ailments. It is also used to treat burn wounds, minor cuts, genital herpes, and seborrheic dermatitis. The leaves of this wonderful medicinal plant contain numerous vitamins, minerals, natural sugars, enzymes, amino acids, and as well rich in various bioactive compounds that exhibit emollient, purgative, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-helmenthic, antifungal, aphrodisiac, antiseptic and cosmetic values. Many cosmetic industries widely use this plant owing to its healing and nourishing properties.
Keywords: Aloe vera, Medicinal Uses, bioactive compounds, Cosmetic industries
TRANSFEROSOME: A RECENT APPROACH FOR TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY
Authors: Kumar Abhay 
Published: November 2018

Novel drug delivery systems are now a day is creating a new interest in development of drug deliveries. The transdermal route of drug delivery has gained great interest of pharmaceutical research, as it circumvents number of problems associated with oral route of drug administration. Transferosomes are capable of transdermal delivery of low as well as high molecular weight drugs. This offers several potential advantages over conventional routes like avoidance of first pass metabolism, predictable and extended duration of activity, minimizing undesirable side effects, utility of short half life drugs, improving physiological and pharmacological response and have been applied to increases the efficiency of the material transfer across the intact skin, by the use of penetration enhancers and non-ionic surfactant vesicles. It is suitable for controlled and targeted drug delivery and it can accommodate drug molecules with wide range of solubility. Due to its high deformability it gives better penetration of intact vesicles. Transferosome possess an infrastructure consisting of hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties together and as a result can accommodate drug molecules with wide range of solubility. They are biocompatible and biodegradable as they are made from natural phospholipids and have high entrapment efficiency. In this review, we have focused on transferosome with discussions on novel drug delivery systems for targeted delivery of therapeutics and important issues and challenges for future clinical applications.
Keywords: Novel drug delivery systems, Transferosomes, Transdermal drug delivery, Targeted drug delivery
Effects of Enzymatic Activation of Bleaching Gels on Hydrogen Peroxide Degradation Rates, Bleaching Effectiveness, and Cytotoxicity
Authors: Ortecho-Zuta U , de Oliveira Duque CC , Leite ML , Bordini EAF , Basso FG , Hebling J , de Souza Costa CA , Soares DG 
Published: November 2018

SUMMARYObjectives:The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) on the release of free radicals, bleaching effectiveness, and indirect cytotoxicity of a 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) bleaching gel.Methods and Materials:First, HP degradation rates and free radical release were evaluated for 35% HP in contact or not with HRP (10 mg/mL). The bleaching gel associated or not with HRP was then applied (3 × 15 minutes) to enamel/dentin discs adapted to artificial pulp chambers, and the culture medium in contact with dentin surfaces (extract) was collected and exposed to cultured odontoblast-like cells. Membrane damage and viability of cells as well as oxidative stress were evaluated. Residual HP/free radical diffusion was quantified, and bleaching effectiveness (ΔE) was assessed. Unbleached discs served as negative controls.Results:The addition of HRP to the 35% HP bleaching gel enhanced the release of free radicals in comparison with plain HP gel. The 35% HP-mediated cytotoxicity significantly decreased with HRP in the bleaching gel and was associated with reduced HP/free radical diffusion through the enamel/dentin discs. ΔE values increased every bleaching session for HRP-containing gel relative to positive control, accelerating the whitening outcome.Conclusion:The enzymatic activation of a 35% HP bleaching gel with HRP accelerated HP degradation mediated by intensification of free radical release. This effect optimized whitening outcome as well as minimized residual HP and free radical diffusion through enamel and dentin, decreasing the harmful effects on odontoblast-like cells.
The Role of Occlusal Factors in the Presence of Noncarious Cervical Lesions in Young People: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Alvarez-Arenal A , Alvarez-Menendez L , Gonzalez-Gonzalez I , Jiménez-Castellanos E , Garcia-Gonzalez M , deLlanos-Lanchares H 
Published: November 2018

SUMMARYObjective:The aim of this retrospective case-control study was to evaluate the influence of different occlusal characteristics and self-referred bruxism in the presence of noncarious cervical lesions (NCCLs).Methods and Materials:The participants were 280 students (140 cases and 140 controls), with an average age of 24.5 years, from six schools of dentistry in Spain. Clinical examination was carried out to record the NCCLs and the static and dynamic occlusal characteristics. The side of mastication and bruxism was collected by questionnaire. Data variables were analyzed by means of univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Odds ratios and the respective 95% confidence intervals were calculated (p&lt;0.05).Results:The presence of NCCLs was significantly more likely in subjects with protrusive interferences (odds ratio [OR]=1.82); with lateral interferences, especially on the nonworking side (OR= 1.77); or who were self-reported bruxists (OR=1.72). In the multivariate analysis, protrusive interferences, bruxism, age, and the presence of attrition were risk factors for the development of NCCLs. These factors resulted in a model with an area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of 0.667 and a positive predictive value of 61.43%.Conclusions:There was no significant relationship between most occlusal factors and the presence of NCCLs. Only bruxism, protrusive interferences, age, and occlusal wear were risk factors. The predictive model was not sufficiently explanatory. Occlusal factors alone do not appear to be sufficient to explain the presence of NCCLs.
Social Inclusion and Social Leverage Foundations: A Theoretical Review
Authors: Reyes Giovanni E. , Govers Mark , Ruwaard Dirk 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The main aim of this research is to present a theoretical review regarding the theory of social inclusion and social leverage. In this research, four fundamental and complementary approaches are taken into account: (i) the theory of growing capacities and increasing opportunities as essential aspects of Amartya Sen's theory of human development; (ii) the perspective and factors of the current process of globalization; (iii) Douglass North's neoinstitutionalist approach to social and political conditions; and (iv) foundations of the legitimacy theory from Jürgen Habermas. These considerations made possible a more comprehensive consideration that goes beyond the strictly economic elements, to complement the standpoint with other elements, including those of public policy analysis.
Iranian Feminist Activists and Critical Media Literacy
Authors: Kachalmi Kobra Mohammadpour , Fee Lee Yok 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Considering the exponential growth of technology and media in Iranian society as well as the significant role of media culture in reproducing, reinforcing, and legitimizing dominant ideologies such as sexism, the central question posed by this paper is how Iranian feminist activists critically analyze media messages. Further, this paper explores the extent to which this analysis fits the critical media literacy framework. Using a critical media literacy framework underpinned by feminist standpoint theory, this paper presents results from qualitative interviews with 15 Iranian feminist activists. We find that Iranian feminist activists focus more on politics of representation and critique of gender ideology in the critical analysis of media products. Thus, critical analysis of media by Iranian feminist activists better fits the definition of critical media literacy than its core concepts. The findings also demonstrate that a transformative dimension of critical media literacy is ignored by the feminist activists despite using media in the struggle against dominant gender ideology.
The Meccan Era in the Light of the Turkish Writings from the Prophet’s Birth till the Prophetic Immigration to Medina - II
Authors: Al Harthy Noura Ahmed Hamed 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The prophet’s biography had a supreme place in the Turkish writings. In this vein, the present research’s title is “The Meccan Era in the Turkish Writings from the prophet’s birth till the Prophetic Immigration to Medina”. Therefore in this research, a great amount of information about the Meccan era in the Turkish Writings from the prophet’s birth till the Prophetic Immigration to Medina was collected. It also included prophet’s life before and after the mission till the immigration to Abyssinia, the boycott, passing the second Aqaba Pledge, the Prophet's stand towards some contemporary nations and finally, the conclusion and the list of citied works and references. Before the prophet Muhammad Ibn Abd Allah's (PBUH) birth, the Arabian Peninsula lived in full darkness then it was enlightened by Islam. The prophet (PBUH) was not detached from the universal arena; rather, he was aware of the surrounding nations led by the Persians and Romans during that time. The Turks became in contact with Arabs from the earlier ages of the Islamic history. Moreover, the prophet sat in the Turkish tent and it is noticed that the Turkish Literature has paid great attention to the prophet’s biography, as well as the Meccan and Medina eras, since his childhood till his prophecy and all the details that related to the holy prophetic immigration to Medina, as we will see in the followings researches.
Sistem Pengambilan Keputusan Untuk Penerimaan Pegawai Baru PT.PLN (Persero) Wilayah Aceh Dengan Metode Heuristik
Authors: Putra I Nyoman Tri Anindia 
Published: November 2018

Sistem pendukung keputusan (Decision Support Systems) disingkat DSS adalah bagian dari sistem informasi berbasis komputer (manajemen pengetahuan) yang dipakai untuk mendukung pengambilan keputusan dalam suatu organisasi atau perusahaan.
Heuristik dapat dijelaskan sebagai pengembangan berbagai aturan untuk membantu memecahkan masalah-masalah rumit atau sub masalah final dengan menemukan jalur yang paling menjanjikan dalam mencari solusi dan cara-cara mendapatkan dengan menginterpretasi informasi yang senantiasa berubah kemudian mengembangkan metode-metode yang memimpin kepada satu algoritma komputasional atau solusi umum.
Metode ini dipilih karena akan melakukan pencarian terhadap solusi yang cukup baik melalui serangkaian aturan (rules) yang akan dibentuk dengan format IF anteseden THEN. Konsekuen anteseden berisi aksi atau kondisi atau fakta yang terjadi konsekuen berupa reaksi yang dilakukan, jika aksi terjadi atau kondisi bernilai benar, adalah untuk menentukan pelamar mana yang pantas dipilih yang akan mengikuti tahapan tes berikutnya, berdasarkan persyaratan-persyaratan yang telah ditentukan sehingga akan mendapatkan hasil yang lebih akurat terhadap siapa saja pelamar yang berhak mengikuti tahap tes berikutnya untuk menjadi pegawai baru PLN.
Conflitos socioambientais na Área de Proteção Ambiental de Jenipabu - RN (Social and environmental conflicts in the Environmental Protection Area of Jenipabu – RN)
Authors: Soares Ilton Araújo , Oliveira Jorge Eduardo Lins , Lima Eduardo Rodrigues Viana 
Published: November 2018

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar e analisar os principais conflitos socioambientais na Área de Proteção Ambiental de Jenipabu – APAJ, localizada no litoral oriental do Rio Grande do Norte. A perspectiva de análise adotada buscou entender as relações entre os conflitos socioambientais e a sustentabilidade da APAJ a partir de uma abordagem dialética. Os procedimentos metodológicos envolveram revisão bibliográfica, pesquisa documental, entrevistas, análise de conteúdo, pesquisas de campo, levantamento aerofotogramétrico, técnicas de geoprocessamento e análise de fotografias aéreas. Foram identificados sete tipos de conflitos socioambientais, sendo o principal deles a ocupação irregular dos campos de dunas fixas e móveis por residências e imóveis comerciais. Parte dos conflitos identificados já ocorria antes da criação da unidade de conservação. Além disso, sua implantação não conseguiu garantir o reordenamento territorial e nem evitar que os conflitos socioambientais deixassem de ocorrer, provocando o aumento dos problemas, principalmente pela não efetivação dos instrumentos de fiscalização e monitoramento do plano de manejo. Por fim, os resultados da pesquisa sugerem que a APAJ apresenta problemas que podem levá-la a um grau elevado de insustentabilidade, principalmente na dimensão ambiental. The objective of this paper was to identify and analyze the main socioenvironmental conflicts in the Área de Proteção Ambiental de Jenipabu - APAJ. The analysis perspective that guided this research sought to understand the relations between the socioenvironmental conflicts and the sustainability of the APAJ from a dialectical approach. The methodological procedures involved bibliographic review, document research, interviews, discourse analysis, field research, aerial photogrammetric survey, techniques of geoprocessing and analysis of aerial photographs Were identified seven types of socioenvironmental conflicts, being the main irregular occupation of fixed and mobile dunes for homes and commercial real estate. Part of the identified conflicts had already occurred before of the creation of the conservation unit. In addition, its creation was not able to guarantee the territorial reorganization or to resolve its main socioenvironmental conflicts, provoking the increase of problems, mainly due to the non-effectiveness of the oversight and monitoring instruments of the management plan. Finally, the results of the research suggest that the APAJ presents problems that can lead to a high degree of unsustainability, mainly in the environmental dimension.Keywords: Conservation Unit. Protected Area. Coastal Environment.
KAJIAN POTENSI PEMANFAATAN SAMPAH PLASTIK MENJADI BAHAN BAKAR CAIR
Authors: Sari Gina Lova 
Published: November 2018

The abundance of plastic waste is caused by inadequate management. The element of plastic waste consists of crude oil and natural gas that can be reuse as fuel. The conversion technique which can be applied is thermal cracking as known as pyrolysis that combined with a catalyst. The addition of a catalyst can accelerate the process of crude oil formation so that the volume increases and makes the quality better. The pyrolysis can convert waste into oil up to 81% that are consist of paraffin, isopropyl, olefin, naphthal and aromatics so feasible to use as fuel.
Keywords: catalyst, crude oil, fuel, plastic waste, pyrolysis.
STUDI LITERATUR PENGGUNAAN LAHAN BESERTA PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP KUALITAS TANAH
Authors: UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya Al-Ard Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan , Junaidi Rahmad 
Published: November 2018

Lahan adalah suatu lingkungan fisik yang meliputi tanah, iklim, relief, hidrologi, dan vegetasi dimana faktor-faktor tersebut mempengaruhi potensi penggunaannya (Hardjowigeno dan Widiatmaka, 2001). Sesuai dengan pendapat Arsyad dalam Setyowati (2016), penggunaan lahan (land use) dapat diartikan sebagai campur tangan manusia terhadap lahan, baik secara menetap maupun berkala untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup baik material maupun spiritual. Kualitas tanah merupakan kapasitas dari suatu tanah dalam suatu lahan untuk menyediakan fungsi-fungsi yang dibutuhkan manusia atau ekosistem alami dalam waktu yang lama (Plaster, 2003). Menurut Nazam dan Suriadi (2008), apabila tanah tidak mampu untuk memenuhi fungsinya akan mengakibatkan terganggunya kualitas tanah sehingga menimbulkan bertambah luasnya lahan kritis, menurunnya produktivitas tanah dan pencemaran lingkungan. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif, yaitu menggambarkan dan mendeskripsikan hasil studi literature yang terkait dengan penggunaan lahan, kualitas tanah dan pengaruh penggunaan lahan terhadap kualitas tanah. Berdasarkan pada hasil pengkajian dan pembahasan penggunaan lahan serta pengaruhnya terhadap kualitas tanah, maka dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut : tingkat IKT pada penggunaan lahan dengan pola wanatani dengan dominasi tanamn ketela pohon dan jati lebih tinggi dari pola wanatani dengan campuran berbagai jenis pohon, pengelolaan seresah yang dibenam dapat meningkatkan kandungan bahan organic dalam tanah dibandingkan dengan seresah yang dibakar, tanah hutan memiliki IKT tertinggi karena belum adanya pengelolaan tanah yang dilakukan, teknik konservasi pada lahan miring dilakukan dengan pembuatan teras bangku yang dilakukan dengan penanaman tanaman penguatdapat menurunkan tingkat erosi pada tanah, sebaliknya jika tidak dilakukan dengan penanaman tanaman penguat dapat meningkatkan tingkat erosi, pemupukan yang dilakukan dengan cara dibenam dapat menjadikan unsur hara dalam tanah lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan pemupukan yang dilakukan dengan cara disebar, pemanfaatan lahan untuk sistem penggunaan lahan yang baik akan menjadikan lahan memiliki indeks kualitas tanah yang tinggi.

Kata kunci : penggunaan lahan, unsur hara, kualitas tanah
Tier 3 Intensified Intervention for Second Grade Students with Severe Mathematics Difficulties
Authors: Bryant Diane Pedrotty , Bryant Brian R. , Sorelle-Miner Danielle A. , Falcomata Terry , Nozari Maryam 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
A multiple baseline design was employed to examine the effects of an intensive mathematics intervention, which focused on early numeracy concepts and skills. Thirty-three second grade students participated in the study. Students attended five different schools in one school district and received the intervention in a total of 12 groups from mathematics interventionists. The intervention occurred for about 30 min per session, 5 days a week for 8 weeks with a maintenance phase two weeks later and generalization testing four weeks later. The intervention consisted of explicit instruction, strategies, and mathematics practices. Visual analyses of the data showed improvement for the majority of the groups. Effect size calculations showed no evidence of overlapping data between baseline and intervention for nine out of twelve groups. Maintenance data revealed positive results and five students had a posttest score at or above the 25th percentile on the generalization measure. Implications for practice with limitations and future research are discussed.
THE METAPHYSICAL THEME IN YOURI MANDELSTAMM’S ARTICLES
Authors: Dubrovina Y. 
Published: November 2018

This issue includes four literary essays: an introductory article by Yelena Dubrovina, and three essays by Youri Mandelstamm from the archives of his granddaughter, Marie Stravinsky: ‘A Call for Metaphysics’ in Émigré Literature [ ‘Metafizicheskiy zakaz’ v emigrantskoy literature], The Fate of the Novel [Sud’ba romana] and Love in the Modern Novel [Lyubov’ v sovremennom romane].In the late 1920s and the early 1930s, the centre of Russian cultural life moved from St. Petersburg to Paris. A human tragedy in a foreign land, with life as a constant struggle for survival, intensified the perception of the world and the interaction with the creative process, and made young émigré writers take a profound look inward. Freed from Soviet repression, their creative process was liberated. Based on numerous philosophical studies of that period, a metaphysical theme began to dominate the work of émigré writers. A new metaphysical approach, a spiritual and religious awakening are clearly traced in Russian émigré literature. The importance of such an approach was a key theme in the critical essays of Youri Mandelstamm, a Russian poet and literary critic. His inner emotional wealth and his ability to look into the core of surrounding events, his philosophical approach to life, love, religion and creative process were the essence of his work.
Long-term results of Gamma Knife surgery for optic nerve sheath meningioma
Authors: Liu Dong , Xu Desheng , Zhang Zhiyuan , Zhang Yipei , Li Yanhe , Liu Xiaomin , Jia Qiang , Zheng Ligao , Song Guoxiang 
Published: November 2018

Object
The goal of this study was to assess the long-term results of Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) in patients harboring an optic nerve sheath meningioma (ONSM).

Methods
Thirty patients harboring an ONSM were treated with GKS between 1998 and 2003. Gamma Knife surgery was performed as the sole treatment option in 21 of these patients and resection had been performed previously in 9 patients. The mean volume of the tumor at the time of GKS was 3.6 cm3 (range 1.4–9.7 cm3), and the mean prescription peripheral dose was 13.3 Gy (range 10–17 Gy). The mean number of isocenters used to treat these lesions was 8 (range 5–14 isocenters).

Results
At a median follow-up of 56 months, visual acuity improved in 11 patients, remained stable in 13 patients (including 4 patients who were completely blind before GKS), and deteriorated in 6 patients. Follow-up images were available in all patients and showed tumor regression in 20 patients and stable tumor in 8 patients. Persistent imaging evidence of progression was only present in 2 patients. With the exception of reversible conjunctival edema in 4 cases, no other serious acute side effect was observed.

Conclusions
Gamma Knife surgery provides long-term tumor control for ONSM. The results of this study add substantial evidence that GKS may definitely become a standard treatment approach in selected cases of ONSM.