bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Algae Farming Using the Chlorella Bioassay
Authors: Ivšić Martina , Kovačević Goran 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Algae are gaining attention for their application in aquaculture as a highly sustainable source of useful products. As microalgae have a significant role in primary production in aquatic ecosystems and are the basis of many food chains, it is important to understand the processes that provide them with better survival in a toxicant-polluted environment. In this study the Chlorella bioassay was evaluated: (1) as a potential method for algae farming, (2) as a method for testing advantages or disadvantages of symbiotic association, including two species of aposymbiotic algae, i.e. endosymbiotic algae isolated from green hydra Mychonastes homosphaera (Skuja) Kalina and Punčochářová and Desmodesmus subspicatus (Chodat) Hegewald and Schmidt) and two related free-living algal species (Chlorella kessleri Fott and Novak. [K&H, 1992] and C. vulgaris Beij. [K&H, 1992]), (3) through algal bioindicator responses related to comparative toxicity and ecotoxicological pollution of iron, and (4) by using algal bioindicators for microscopical and morphometrical application in environmental stress. Increasing concentrations of iron led to cell changes (dry dotted clusters of dying cells, intensive green wet bubbles representing a mucous structure, area, diameter and length), deformations (empty cells, aberrant divisions, irregular coenobia, tetrads and transitional forms) and ultrastructural changes (chloroplasts and nuclei). All modifications were more pronounced in aposymbiotic algae, suggesting a lower degree of adaptation to iron toxicity than their free-living relatives. A free-living species C. kessleri showed the best ability to survive in given unfavorable environmental conditions. High statistical significance was noticed in the cell division parameter, underlining the hormetic effect of increasing the biomass in free-living algal species. This increasing of the cell divisions at the specific concentration of iron demonstrated that the Chlorella bioassay may represent a useful tool for evaluating the growth of different microalgal species, and has a prospective application in a comparative study of algae farming.
A New Species of Mullet Chelon caeruleum (Family: Mugilidae) with Description of its Genetic Relationship to Some Mugilids
Authors: Deef Lamiaa Elsayed Mokhtar 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Chelon caeruleum sp. nov. is described as a new species of Chelon encountered in the Rashid coastal region of the Mediterranean Sea, Egypt. With this finding, the new species is the sixth member of the genus Chelon. Chelon caeruleum sp. nov. is distinguished from its congeners by the following characters: colouration of body is dark bluish grey dorsally and the sides are blue; head length 20.5 to 21.6% SL; head width 13 to 13.5% SL; pre-first dorsal fin length 50% SL; eye diameter 4.6 to 5.2% SL; postorbital length 10.7 to 11.1% SL; unbranched pyloric caeca are 2 short and 4 long; a pair of long (one longer than the other), spine-like neural postzygapophyse on the second vertebra. DNA of Chelon caeruleum sp. nov. and five mullet species (Mugil cephalus, Liza carinata, Liza ramada, Liza aurata, and Chelon labrosus) was extracted then amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced. The mtDNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I sequence analysis confirmed that Chelon caeruleum sp. nov. is distinct from other congeners of Chelon and it is a different species of Chelon which is new to science.
Sustainability Framework for Assessing Urban Freight Transportation Measures
Authors: Nathanail Eftihia , Mitropoulos Lambros , Karakikes Ioannis , Adamos Giannis 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The salient scope of this paper is to enable the knowledge and understanding of urban freight transportation and provide guidance for implementing sustainable policies and measures in a city. To achieve this goal, an evaluation framework for city logistics policies and measures is developed, which demonstrates the complexity of urban freight transportation systems, through selected performance indicators, taking into account divergent stakeholders’ interests, conflicting business models and operations. Evaluation follows a hierarchical process; sustainability disciplines (economy and energy, environment, transportation and mobility, society), applicability enablers (policy and measure maturity, social acceptance and users’ uptake), multiple criteria and indicators, capturing the lifecycle impact of policies and measures and multiple stakeholders. Apart from the multicriteria context, the framework embeds methodologies, including, Impact Assessment, Social Cost Benefit Analysis, Transferability and Adaptability, and Risk Analysis. To demonstrate its applicability a case study is set for the City of Graz assessing the establishment of an Urban Consolidation Center. Results show that there is an overall improvement of 2.2% in the Logistics Sustainability Index when comparing before and after implementation cases of the Urban Consolidation Center.
Electric Vehicles as Electricity Storages in Electric Power Systems
Authors: Popović Vlado , Jereb Borut , Kilibarda Milorad , Andrejić Milan , Keshavarzsaleh Abolfazl , Dragan Dejan 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Improvements in battery technology make electric vehicles more and more suitable for the use as electricity storages. Many benefits could be achieved by using electric vehicles for storing electricity in their batteries. This paper talks about the idea of electric vehicles as electricity storages in electric power systems. The idea has a great number of supporters, but also a significant part of the professional community believes that is unfeasible. This paper is not classified in either side and strives to give a realistic picture of this idea. For this purpose, findings from papers published in scientific journals are mainly used. There is also some information from websites, mainly for some technical issues. Partly, the opinions of the authors are present. Specificities of EVs and EPSs that enabled the birth of this idea are explained along with proposed concepts through which the idea can be implemented. Keeping with the vehicle to grid concept, issues about the implementation of the idea are considered. Achievements in the practical realization of the idea are also presented.
The Technical Efficiency of Tunisian Ports: Comparing Data Envelopment Analysis and Stochastic Frontier Analysis Scores
Authors: Kammoun Rabeb 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Maritime transportation for Tunisia plays an important role in trade exchange with other countries. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to measure the efficiency scores of 7 seaports in Tunisia by applying the Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) with Cobb-Douglas production function and Data envelopment analysis (DEA) with CCR and BCC models. The annual data collected cover the 2007-2017 period for each port. Thus, the sample size for the analysis comprises a total of 77 observations. The empirical result shows that the total average scores of operating efficiency scores were DEA-BCC (0.746) >SFACD (0.536)>DEA-CCR (0.334) from 2007 to 2017. Given these results, the port of Gabes can be considered as the best efficient port in the 3 models (DEA-BCC, DEA-CCR and SFA-CD).
Extent and persistence of soil water repellency induced by pines in different geographic regions
Authors: Iovino Massimo , Pekárová Pavla , Hallett Paul D. , Pekár Ján , Lichner Ľubomír , Mataix-Solera Jorge , Alagna Vincenzo , Walsh Richard , Raffan Annette , Schacht Karsten , Rodný Marek 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The extent (determined by the repellency indices RI and RIc) and persistence (determined by the water drop penetration time, WDPT) of soil water repellency (SWR) induced by pines were assessed in vastly different geographic regions. The actual SWR characteristics were estimated in situ in clay loam soil at Ciavolo, Italy (CiF), sandy soil at Culbin, United Kingdom (CuF), silty clay soil at Javea, Spain (JaF), and sandy soil at Sekule, Slovakia (SeF). For Culbin soil, the potential SWR characteristics were also determined after oven-drying at 60°C (CuD). For two of the three pine species considered, strong (Pinus pinaster at CiF) and severe (Pinus sylvestris at CuD and SeF) SWR conditions were observed. Pinus halepensis trees induced slight SWR at JaF site. RI and RIc increased in the order: JaF < CuF < CiF < CuD < SeF, reflecting nearly the same order of WDPT increase. A lognormal distribution fitted well to histograms of RIc data from CuF and JaF, whereas CiF, CuD and SeF had multimodal distributions. RI correlated closely with WDPT, which was used to develop a classification of RI that showed a robust statistical agreement with WDPT classification according to three different versions of Kappa coefficient.
CFD simulation of flow behind overflooded obstacle
Authors: Velísková Yvetta , Chára Zdeněk , Schügerl Radoslav , Dulovičová Renáta 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This paper deals with studying of two topics – measuring of velocity profile deformation behind a over-flooded construction and modelling of this velocity profile deformation by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Numerical simulations with an unsteady RANS models - Standard k-ε, Realizable k-ε, Standard k-ω and Reynolds stress models (ANSYS Fluent v.18) and experimental measurements in a laboratory flume (using ADV) were performed. Results of both approaches showed and affirmed presence of velocity profile deformation behind the obstacle, but some discrepancies between the measured and simulated values were also observed. With increasing distance from the obstacle, the differences between the simulation and the measured data increase and the results of the numerical models are no longer usable.
Impact of soil compaction on water content in sandy loam soil under sunflower
Authors: Nagy Viliam , Šurda Peter , Lichner Ľubomír , Kovács Attila J. , Milics Gábor 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Soil compaction causes important physical modifications at the subsurface soil, especially from 10 to 30 cm depths. Compaction leads to a decrease in infiltration rates, in saturated hydraulic conductivity, and in porosity, as well as causes an increase in soil bulk density. However, compaction is considered to be a frequent negative consequence of applied agricultural management practices in Slovakia.
Detailed determination of soil compaction and the investigation of a compaction impact on water content, water penetration depth and potential change in water storage in sandy loam soil under sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) was carried out at 3 plots (K1, K2 and K3) within an experimental site (field) K near Kalinkovo village (southwest Slovakia). Plot K1 was situated on the edge of the field, where heavy agricultural equipment was turning. Plot K2 represented the ridge (the crop row), and plot K3 the furrow (the inter–row area of the field). Soil penetration resistance and bulk density of undisturbed soil samples was determined together with the infiltration experiments taken at all defined plots.
The vertical bulk density distribution was similar to the vertical soil penetration resistance distribution, i.e., the highest values of bulk density and soil penetration resistance were estimated at the plot K1 in 15–20 cm depths, and the lowest values at the plot K2. Application of 50 mm of water resulted in the penetration depth of 30 cm only at all 3 plots. Soil water storage measured at the plot K2 (in the ridge) was higher than the soil water storage measured at the plot K3 (in the furrow), and 4.2 times higher than the soil water storage measured at the most compacted plot K1 on the edge of the field. Results of the experiments indicate the sequence in the thickness of compacted soil layers at studied plots in order (from the least to highest compacted ones): K2–K3–K1.
The Idea of Modification of Work Conditions for the Reduction of the Pilot’s Workload in a Glider, Type SZD-30
Authors: Berlik Marcin , Dahlke Grzegorz , Sławińska Małgorzata 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The paper presents a method for identifying the risk of disorders in the muscular and skeleton system, which would enable an assessment of the load of the motoric system that constitute one of important aspect for ergonomic risk. The result of the research made with use of the RULA method confirms the necessity of an urgent implementation of correcting actions aimed at improving the ergonomics of the pilot’s cabin. Some of them are difficult to put into practice in view to their high costs. One should also remember that the exploitation period is nearly expired so the implementation of improvements does not make much sense. However, there is a possibility of implementing many modifications that do not require high costs and that do not affect significantly the construction of the glider.
Models of Airmen’s Aviation Activities Cycles in the Tactical Aircraft’s Operating System
Authors: Augustyn Emil , Kadziński Adam 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The tactical aircraft’s operating system (system of a tactical aircraft’s operational usage) constitutes the main research area of this paper. The authors consider and look into the airmen’s aviation activities cycles which could be the basis for a clear and coherent indication and description of analyses domains for risk management’s processes in the tactical aircraft’s operating systems (TAOS). The first part of this paper presents the model of airman’s aviation activities cycle (AAAC) which indicates individual airman-aircraft relations during the realization an aircraft’s operator activities that allow to execute air missions. There is also indicated the relationship between the AAAC and the aircraft’s operating cycle (cycle of an aircraft’s operational usage). The second part of this paper presents the model of the series of airmen’s aviation activities cycles (SAAAC) that integrates, among others: models of AAAC, the process of daily air missions’ organizational and technical summary, the process of flight organization’s and air training effects periodic summary.
Hardware Protections Increasing the Reliability of a Prototype Inverter Welder
Authors: Białek Rafał , Jadczak Kamila 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The subject of the paper is a presentation of hardware protections, which increase the reliability of a prototype inverter welder. Under certain assumptions, the constructed device may be classified to a group containing objects with a serial reliability structure. As a result, the functionality of the inverter welder is provided, when all components (sub-assemblies) operate correctly. The paper presents the results of simulations, which confirm the essence of using each of the hardware protections. The tests were conducted using the ICAP/4 software by Intusoft.
Assessment of Durability of the Rail Vehicle Components with the Use of Degradation Analysis Method
Authors: Młynarski Stanisław , Szkoda Maciej , Kaczor Grzegorz 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
An important issue during the operation of rail vehicles is the dynamics of forced loads. The identification of these workloads and the evaluation of their impact on the reliability and durability of the structure is essential for maintaining the safety of operation. For this reason, an important issue in the assessment of durability is to identify potential hazards that cause object failure. This paper presents the results of fatigue tests for the selected structure of a rail bogie. The results were then used to conduct the Degradation Analysis of the object. The purpose of this analysis was to estimate the real values of the durability and reliability indicators of the bogie frame from the point of view of the safety of its operation.
Numerical Simulation of the Process of a Technical Object State Changes
Authors: Landowski Bogdan 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The article presents a construction method and an example of a model of a technical object operation process as well as the main stochastic assumption which is a mathematical model of an object state changes. The model of the operation process was built using an analysis of the state space and operation-related events of the analyzed technical objects. An example of numerical simulation of the technical object state change process as a tool to be used to support the analysis of the considered process. Numerical simulation of the stochastic process being a model of a technical object state change process makes it possible to determine the process characteristics impossible to determine in an analytical way.
Effect of canal width contraction on the hydraulic parameters and scour downstream water structures
Authors: Ashour Mohamed A. , Aly Tawab E. , Mostafa Mahmoud M. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The dimensions of many water streams, which satisfy proper hydraulic conditions, may not be compatible with the designed dimensions of an irrigation work that needs to be constructed in some locations. The design requirements of such irrigation works may involve a contraction in the channel width in the required location. This contraction, of course, affects different flow properties and the scour hole formed downstream of these structures. Therefore, the present experimental study aims to investigate the effect of the transition angle and the contraction on the flow properties and on the scour phenomenon downstream water structures. Through 460 experimental runs, carried out on 20 experimental models, the study proved that, for an efficient hydraulic performance and economic design, the best transition angle (θ) for the approaches of water structures is 30° with a relative contracted width ratio (r = b/B) not less than 0.6.
Ecobiological study of Artemia salina L. and first determination of the toxicity of ammonium sulphate
Authors: Benmeddah Mohammed Missoum , Bouzidi Mohamed Ali , Toumi-Benali Fawzia , Amar Youcef , Bouazza Sofiane , Dellal Abbes , Dif Mustapha Mahmoud 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The objective of this work is firstly an ecobiological study, which aims to determine whether salinity is favorable for a good reproduction rate of cysts in the Artemia salina L., a species known for its use in aquaculture. Secondly, a short-term test of ammonium sulfate toxicity on its vitality is carried out as its environment is permanently subjected to sulphate-laden waste. The work consists of subjecting the species to different salinities in order to produce a good yield in cysts, which once recovered, hatching and breeding is maintained until individuals reach the adult stage. A toxicological study using toxicity test (CL50) is then conducted to study the resistance of these adults with various concentrations of ammonium sulphate. The results obtained from the ecobiological study show a mean similar to the natural environment (p > 0.05) with a favorable concentration for the reproduction of the species at a salinity of about 75 g dm−3. The toxicity test indicates a CL50 equal to 75 mg dm−3 after 24 hours. It is obvious that Artemia salina L. can be cultivated by controlling its reproduction by varying the salinity rate for its use during different seasons of the year, thus ammonium sulphate from waste is considered as a limiting factor.
The geographic distribution of Knowledge Economy (KE) within the European Union (EU)
Authors: Hadad Shahrazad 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The business environment is reshaped by knowledge economy which has taken both competitiveness and doing business to a whole new level. Because knowledge economy plays a key role in the creation of welfare it has been classified as an important reliable indicator for comparing world’s economies. The present paper highlights the geographic distribution of knowledge economy at the level of the European Union by means of factorial analysis. Factor analysis, a well-known statistical clustering technique, has been applied on the 28 EU countries (seen in our study as random variables) with an a priori fixed number of two factors. On each variable, the realisations are given by the scores (normalized between 0 and 1) registered for year 2012 on 12 key Knowledge Economy (KE) indices. The resulting factor structure is compared to the standard geographical grouping of EU countries (NorthWest-SouthEast) in present KE literature. SPSS software has been used for the statistical analysis. The highest correlations attained were in terms of the Global Competitiveness Index, World Happiness Index, R&D expenses signifying that they could also act as predictors in evaluating the status of the knowledge economy of a particular country, whereas weaker correlations can be spotted for enterprises selling online, electric energy consumption, carbon dioxide emissions and others. In the future, the same relationship can be tested to see whether the influences have changed, in the light of new available data.
Synthesis and characterization of Zn/ZnO microspheres on indented sites of silicon substrate
Authors: Ahmed Nasar , Majid Abdul , Khan M.A. , Rashid M. , Umar Z.A. , Baig M.A. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Self-assembled Zn/ZnO microspheres have been accomplished on selected sites of boron doped P-type silicon substrates using hydrothermal approach. The high density Zn/ZnO microspheres were grown on the Si substrates by chemical treatment in mixed solution of zinc sulfate ZnSO4·7H2O and ammonium hydroxide NH4(OH) after uniform heating at 95 °C for 15 min. The Zn/ZnO microspheres had dimensions in the range of 1 μm to 20 μm and were created only on selected sites of silicon substrate. The crystal structure, chemical composition and morphology of as-prepared samples were studied by using scanning electron microscope SEM, X-ray diffraction XRD, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy EDS, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy FT-IR and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance absorption spectra DRS. The energy band gap Eg of about 3.28 eV was obtained using Tauc plot. In summary, this study suggests that interfacial chemistry is responsible for the crystal growth on indented sites of silicon substrate and the hydrothermal based growth mechanism is proposed as a useful methodology for the formation of highly crystalline three dimensional (3-D) Zn/ZnO microspheres.
Burnout syndrome among ICU personnel
Authors: Dalma Deák , Judit Kovács 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Burnout syndrome has an increasing incidence among intensive therapists because of high expectations and stress which leads to physical, mental and emotional exhaustion. Our aim was to examine the causes and severity of burnout in intensive care units.
Maslach Burnout Inventory questionnaires were distributed among intensive care workers of an university and a town hospital. Socio-demographic data were also collected.
The questionnaires were completed by 67 professionals, 28 doctors, 39 nurses. 43.4% suffered serious burnout, 23.52% high level of depersonalization, only 19.11% were satisfied with their accomplishments. Females showed higher incidence of burnout, especially those with chronic diseases (OR=3.33). According to our data, burnout was not related to family status and working hours, however there was significant correlation between satisfaction and weekly relaxation time (p = 0.0115).
Burnout syndrome is spreading among intensive care employees, therefore its prevention should be a priority.