bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of some biorational insecticides against Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) under laboratory and greenhouse conditions in Kuwait
Authors: Jallow Mustapha F. A. , Dahab Abdelhafiz A. , Albaho Mohammed S. , Devi Vimala Y. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta, is one of the most destructive pests of tomato worldwide. Management of the pest is mainly based on chemical insecticides. Reliance on insecticides is difficult to sustain because of unintended long‐term adverse effects on the environment and human health. Consequently, there is a need to develop pest management strategies that ensure the production of high‐quality products, while at the same time ensuring environmental sustainability and maximum consumer protection. We evaluated the efficacy the biopesticides: Azadirachtin, Bacillus thuringiensis, Steinernema feltiae and Beauveria bassiana individually and in combination against T. absoluta under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. When second instar larvae were exposed to tomato leaf discs treated with Azadirachtin (3 g/L), B. thuringiensis (0.5 g/L) or B. bassiana (1.5 g/L), 70%–86%, 55%–65%, and 45.5%–58.5% mortality was observed, respectively. Steinernema feltiae (1,000 IJs/ml) was the least effective biopesticide, with 26%–42% mortality. In the greenhouse trials on tomato, pest infestation (mines/10 leaves/plant) and fruits damaged were significantly lower on plants treated with Azadirachtin + B. thuringiensis or Azadirachtin + B. bassiana compared to plants treated with Azadirachtin, B. thuringiensi, B. bassiana or S. feltiae alone. Azadirachtin + B. thuringiensis and Azadirachtin + B. bassiana resulted in 90% and 81% reduction in fruits damaged in the summer experiments, respectively, and 96% and 91% in winter. The most severe pest infestation was observed on plants treated with S. feltia. The results indicate that the biopesticides, except S. feltia, can contribute to T. absoluta control in greenhouse tomato crops. In particular, the combined use of Azadirachtin with B. thuringiensis or B. bassiana provided the highest level of control of the pest. The potential for including these biopesticides in an overall sustainable integrated pest management programme for T. absoluta is discussed.
Deoxynivalenol screening in wheat‐derived products in Gran Asunción, Paraguay
Authors: Arrúa Alvarenga Andrea Alejandra , Moura Mendes Arrua Juliana , Cazal Martínez Cinthia Carolina , Arrúa Alvarenga Pablo David , Fernández Ríos Danilo , Pérez Estigarribia Pastor Enmanuel , Kohli Man Mohan 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Fusarium graminearum is one of the most important pathogens affecting wheat production in Paraguay. This fungus decreases yield and grain quality; the most important consequence is the production of mycotoxins from the trichothecene group, secondary metabolites toxic to humans and other animals. The toxin reported in Paraguay is deoxynivalenol, which has effects on the gastrointestinal tract and immune system. To determine the presence of deoxynivalenol in flour and baked goods, samples of wholemeal flour and white flour, white and wholemeal bread, and bran crackers were carried out in the Gran Asunción Area. The presence of deoxynivalenol was determined by monoclonal antibodies through the use of quantitative test strips. The results were variable and below those established by international standards.Practical applicationsIn the developing countries, the control of the quality and safety of food is practically nonexistent. In Paraguay, there is no legislation on the maximum levels of deoxynivalenol in wheat and derivatives. As this cereal and its derivative products are highly susceptible to contamination by Fusarium and its mycotoxins, it is a priority to initiate controls and establish bases for legislation on maximum acceptable limits in these products. Also highlight the need at country level of the application of high efficiency and sensitive techniques for quantification mycotoxins in food.
Semicarbazide universality study and its speculated formation pathway
Authors: Yu Wenlong , Liu Weihua , Tian Wenrui , Li Xiuting , Wang Xianghong 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSemicarbazide (SEM) was used as a metabolic marker to indicate the use (abuse) of the antibiotic nitrofurazone. It can be generated from azodicarbonamide and also had been observed from other unrelated sources. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the existence of SEM in different foods and conjecture the producing pathway. In this article, a LC–MS/MS method for the detection of SEM in different food products had been validated, and the limit of detection was 0.5 μg/kg. Several different sample pretreatment methods had been developed and 31 samples had been evaluated, 80.03–120.15% recoveries of the spiked samples were obtained. It was shown that SEM was detected in various foods. Different types of food might have different mechanisms for retaining SEM, and blank shrimp flesh had been chosen to further study. Several processing methods were performedand the concentration of SEM in processed shrimps was higher than that in unprocessed shrimps, and temperature, moisture, oil, may influence the formation of SEM. Meanwhile, the simulation experiment proved that SEM was produced by amino acids under high temperature. It was shown that the excessive level of SEM in shrimp was endogenous, presumably, it also can be found in rich‐protein food after processing.Practical applicationsThis study reflected the SEM universality in different food. In previous studies where using LC–MS to detect SEM in different foods, the pretreatments of different substrate foods rarely varied, this would easily lead to experimental error and solvent waste, this study carried out sample pretreatment classification for the main components of different foods, which provided a reference for the subsequent SEM detection. In view of the endogenous SEM, the possible formation pathways of endogenous SEM were analyzed from the aspects of processing methods and amino acid compositions, providing a theoretical basis for the future study of endogenous SEM.
Food insecurity and food preparation equipment in US households: exploratory results from a cross‐sectional questionnaire
Authors: Oakley A. R. , Nikolaus C. J. , Ellison B. , Nickols‐Richardson S. M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundFood insecurity (FI) impacted 15.7% (5.9 million) of US households with children in 2017. These households often experience issues within one or more of the food security pillars: access, availability, utilisation or stability. An underexplored area within the pillar of utilisation that may impact FI risk is the availability of kitchen equipment in households. This exploratory project aimed to quantify household food preparation equipment ownership and use by household FI status.MethodsAn online platform (Qualtrics, Provo, UT, USA) was used to administer a questionnaire to a sample of 135 parents of children aged 11–14 years. The instrument queried sociodemographic characteristics, food preparation items owned and frequency of use of 44 items within a 6‐month interval. Household FI was measured using the 18‐item US Department of Agriculture, Household Food Security Survey Module with a 12‐month reference period.ResultsHouseholds experiencing FI (n = 39; 28.9%) owned an average of five fewer items than their food secure counterparts (n = 96, 71.1%, P < 0.001), reporting lower item ownership within each equipment category subgroup (i.e. large appliances, small appliances, food preparation utensils and cooking utensils; all P < 0.01). There were no differences between FI and food secure households in frequency of use (all P > 0.01).ConclusionsCompared to food secure households, the number of food preparation items owned was lower, although frequency of use was the same, in US households that were FI. Future projects should investigate how food equipment ownership impacts cooking behaviours, and whether households experiencing FI display behaviours to compensate for a differing set of equipment.
Cone‐beam computed tomography investigation of the anatomy of permanent mandibular premolars in a cohort of Caucasians
Authors: Corbella Stefano , Baruffaldi Martino , Perondi Isabella , Taschieri Silvio 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the number of roots and the anatomy of root canal systems of permanent mandibular premolars using images derived from cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans.MethodsMandibular CBCT scans of a cohort of Caucasians (Italians) were evaluated using a dedicated software. The number of roots and the anatomy of root canal systems (following the classification by Vertucci) were recorded, and the prevalence of each type was calculated.ResultsIn total, 112 mandibular scans were evaluated accounting for 97 first premolars and 88 second premolars; 94.2% of first premolars and 96.6% of second premolars had one single root. The most common root canal system configuration was type I for both first premolars (79.2%) and second premolars (95.5%). Moreover, a large variability was observed.ConclusionsBased on the results, mandibular premolars show a significant heterogeneity in root canal system anatomy that could complicate non‐surgical endodontic treatment.
Translating auxin responses into ovules, seeds and yield: Insight from Arabidopsis and the cereals
Authors: Shirley Neil J. , Aubert Matthew K. , Wilkinson Laura G. , Bird Dayton C. , Lora Jorge , Yang Xiujuan , Tucker Matthew R. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractGrain production in cereal crops depends on the stable formation of male and female gametes in the flower. In most angiosperms, the female gamete is produced from a germline located deep within the ovary, protected by several layers of maternal tissue, including the ovary wall, ovule integuments and nucellus. In the field, germline formation and floret fertility are major determinants of yield potential, contributing to traits such as seed number, weight and size. As such, stimuli affecting the timing and duration of reproductive phases, as well as the viability, size and number of cells within reproductive organs can significantly impact yield. One key stimulant is the phytohormone auxin, which influences growth and morphogenesis of female tissues during gynoecium development, gametophyte formation, and endosperm cellularization. In this review we consider the role of the auxin signaling pathway during ovule and seed development, first in the context of Arabidopsis and then in the cereals. We summarize the gene families involved and highlight distinct expression patterns that suggest a range of roles in reproductive cell specification and fate. This is discussed in terms of seed production and how targeted modification of different tissues might facilitate improvements.
HDL mimetic peptides affect apolipoprotein E metabolism: equal supplement or functional enhancer?
Authors: Wang Wenzhang , Zhu Xiongwei 
Published: November 2018

ε4 allele of ApoE is the strongest genetic risk factor for late onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). Supplementation of ApoE proteins or mimetics has been pursued for drug developments against AD. A high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) mimetic peptide 4F was shown to alleviate AD‐related deficits in APP transgenic mice, and this editorial highlights a study by Chernick et al. who use both mouse and human neuroglial cells to explore the mechanism underlying beneficial effects of this peptide. The authors demonstrate that 4F peptide significantly increased the secretion and lipidation of ApoE in the absence and presence of Aβ independent of de novo transcription/translation, but requiring ABCA1 and the integrity of the secretory pathway between ER and Golgi. This study reveals a novel mechanism of HDL mimetic peptide as a functional ApoE enhancer and support further development of ApoA‐I 4F peptide as effective ApoE modulating agents against AD.
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Associated tympanic bullar and cochlear hypertrophy define adaptations to true deserts in African gerbils and laminate‐toothed rats (Muridae: Gerbillinae and Murinae)
Authors: Nengovhela Aluwani , Braga José , Denys Christiane , de Beer Frikkie , Tenailleau Christophe , Taylor Peter J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHearing capabilities in desert rodents such as gerbils and heteromyids have been inferred from both anatomical and ecological aspects and tested with experiments and theoretical models. However, very few studies have focused on other desert‐adapted species. In this study, a refined three‐dimensional morphometric approach was used on three African rodent tribes (Otomyini, Taterillini and Gerbillini) to describe the cochlear and tympanic bullar morphology, and to explore the role of phylogeny, allometry and ecology to better understand the underlying mechanism of any observed trends of hypertrophy in the bulla and associated changes in the cochlea. As a result, desert‐adapted species could be distinguished from mesic and semi‐arid taxa by the gross cochlear dimensions, particularly the oval window, which is larger in desert species. Bullar and cochlear modifications between species could be explained by environment (bulla and oval window), phylogeny (cochlear curvature gradient) and/or allometry (cochlear relative length, oval window and bulla) with some exceptions. Based on their ear anatomy, we predict that Desmodillus auricularis and Parotomys brantsii should be sensitive to low‐frequency sounds, with D. auricularis sensitive to high‐frequency sounds, too. This study concludes that in both arid and semi‐arid adapted laminate‐toothed rats and gerbils there is bulla and associated cochlea hypertrophy, particularly in true desert species. Gerbils also show tightly coiled cochlea but the significance of this is debatable and may have nothing to do with adaptations to any specific acoustics in the desert environment.
DOES STUDENT WORK REALLY AFFECT EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES? A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Authors: Neyt Brecht , Omey Eddy , Verhaest Dieter , Baert Stijn 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe review the theories put forward, methodological approaches used and empirical conclusions found in the multidisciplinary literature on the relationship between student employment and educational outcomes. A systematic comparison of the empirical work yields new insights that go beyond the overall reported negative effect of more intensive working schemes and that are of high academic and policy relevance. One such insight uncovered by our review is that student employment seems to have a more adverse effect on educational decisions (continuing studies and enrolment in tertiary education) than on educational performance (test and exam scores).
Consequences of knowledge hiding: The differential compensatory effects of guilt and shame
Authors: Burmeister Anne , Fasbender Ulrike , Gerpott Fabiola H. 
Published: November 2018

The nature of the consequences of knowledge hiding, defined as an intentional attempt to withhold knowledge that has been requested, and the mechanisms through which knowledge hiding affects outcomes are undertheorized. In this research, we propose that knowledge hiding can evoke guilt and shame in the knowledge hiding perpetrator. We zoom into the three types of knowledge hiding – evasive hiding, playing dumb, and rationalized hiding – and predict that the more deceptive knowledge hiding types, namely evasive hiding and playing dumb, evoke stronger feelings of guilt and shame than rationalized hiding. We further argue that guilt and shame trigger differential emotion‐based reparatory mechanisms, such that guilt induces the motivation to correct one's transgressions through organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB), whereas shame induces the tendency to withdraw after hiding knowledge, as reflected in lower levels of OCB. We test the proposed positive indirect relation between knowledge hiding and OCB via guilt, and the proposed negative indirect relation via shame in a scenario‐based experiment and a two‐wave field study. The studies provided support for most of our hypotheses. We discuss how the proposed emotion pathway can facilitate nuanced theorizing about consequences of knowledge hiding for different types of negative emotions and subsequent compensatory work behaviours.Practitioner points

Hiding knowledge from colleagues can lead to experiences of guilt and shame. Playing dumb (in contrast to evasive hiding and rationalized hiding) in particular elicits these negative emotional experiences. Practitioners should therefore aim to prevent knowledge hiding, and especially playing dumb, in organizations.

Guilt and shame elicit differential action tendencies in knowledge hiding perpetrators, which entails that negative emotions as a result of playing dumb can sometimes lead to positive behavioural consequences.

To effectively manage the consequences of knowledge hiding, practitioners should try to elicit constructive negative emotions (guilt) rather than destructive emotions (shame) as a reaction to employees' knowledge hiding. This can facilitate employees' compensation for their transgressions through organizational citizenship behaviour, rather than withdrawal from the situation.
Is the caudal auricular axial pattern flap robust? A multi‐centre cohort study of 16 dogs and 12 cats (2005 to 2016)
Authors: Proot J. L. J. , Jeffery N. , Culp W. T. N. , Buracco P. , de la Puerta B. , Williams J. M. , Ladlow J. F. , Field E. J. , Nelissen P. , Ragni R. A. , Pope J. F. A. , Baines S. J. , Liptak J. M. , Nicholson I. 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveTo determine the frequency and type of healing complications arising after the use of the caudal auricular axial pattern flap to close defects on the head in dogs and cats.Material and MethodsMulti‐centre retrospective cohort study. Centres were recruited by the Association for Veterinary Soft Tissue Surgery Research Cooperative. Medical records of 11 centres were reviewed, and data from all dogs and cats treated with a caudal auricular axial pattern flap were retrieved. The following data were recorded: signalment, reason for reconstruction, flap dimensions, anatomic landmarks used, histological diagnosis, flap healing and whether revision surgery was required.ResultsTwenty‐eight cases were included: 16 dogs and 12 cats. Flap length: width ratio was approximately 3:1 and flap length extended to the scapular spine in most cases. Optimal wound healing occurred in five of 16 (31%) dogs and six of 12 (50%) cats. Wound dehiscence without flap necrosis occurred in one of 16 (6%) dogs and one of 12 (8%) cats. Wound dehiscence with flap necrosis occurred in 10 of 16 (63%) dogs and five of 12 (42%) cats. Revision surgery was performed in eight of 16 (50%) dogs and three of 12 (25%) cats.Clinical SignificanceThe caudal auricular axial pattern flap can provide full thickness skin coverage for large defects on the head in dogs and cats. Partial flap necrosis is a common complication, and revision surgery may be required in order to achieve final wound closure.
Comparative single‐dose pharmacokinetics of orally administered florfenicol in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1792) at health and experimental infection with Streptococcus iniae or Lactococcus garvieae
Authors: Shiry Nima , Shomali Tahoora , Soltanian Siyavash , Akhlaghi Mostafa 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis study evaluates changes in the pharmacokinetic behavior of a single oral dose of florfenicol in rainbow trouts experimentally infected with Lactococcus garvieae or Streptococcus iniae. One hundred and fifty fish were randomly divided into three equal groups: 1—healthy fish, 2—fish inoculated with S. iniae (2.87 × 107 CFU/ml, i.p.), and 3—fish inoculated with L. garvieae (6.8 × 105 CFU/ml, i.p.). Florfenicol was administered to all groups at 15 mg/kg by oral gavage. Blood sampling was performed at 0, 2, 3, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 120 hr after drug administration to each group, and plasma concentration of florfenicol was assayed by HPLC method. The MICs of florfenicol were 1.2 μg/ml and 5 μg/ml against L. garviae and S. iniae, respectively. Healthy fish showed higher values for most of the PK/PD parameters as compared to fish infected with L. garvieae which was reversed in fish infected with S. iniae. Fish infected with L. garvieae showed decreased relative bioavailability accompanied by increased volume of distribution at steady‐state (Vdss) and total body clearance (ClB). Infection with S. iniae increased the peak concentration of drug after administration (Cmax) and decreased elimination half‐life (T1/2 β), central compartment volume (Vc), and Vdss. In conclusion, infection with these bacteria can affect the pharmacokinetic behavior of florfenicol in rainbow trouts as shown by decreased bioavailability and increased total body clearance and volume of distribution in L. garvieae infection and decreased volume of distribution accompanied by increased Cmax in S. iniae‐infected fish.
A comparison of phylogenetic and species beta diversity measures describing vegetation assemblages along an elevation gradient
Authors: Elliott Tammy L. , Davies T. Jonathan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractQuestionEcologists have long been interested in the delineation and description of plant communities but have only recently included phylogenetic data into these analyses. Here, we assess whether species‐based dissimilarities (beta diversity, BD) and more recent phylogenetic beta diversity (PhBD) measures are correlated with dissimilarities among sites based on abiotic variables. Additionally, we examine whether BD and PhBD measures aggregate sites into clusters that reflect their environmental attributes. Assuming phylogenetic conservatism in abiotic niche preferences, we predict PhBD dissimilarity matrices will correlate to those based on abiotic site variables, and that clusters determined by PhBD will more closely match to assemblages clustered by abiotic environment than will clusters determined by species BD.LocationMount Irony, Labrador in the Eastern Canadian subarctic.MethodsWe combine vascular plant co‐occurrence data collected from an elevation gradient on Mount Irony with information on phylogenetic relatedness to compare site dissimilarities based on abiotic variables with those estimated on measures of BD and PhBD. We also examine whether clusters based on BD and PhBD resemble clusters based on abiotic variables, and investigate whether similarly clustered sites are composed of species with similar evolutionary histories.ResultsWe found significant correlations among the dissimilarity matrices and ordinations for the abiotic variables, BD and PhBD; however, neither BD nor PhBD aggregated assemblages into clusters that reflected their environmental differences. Further, we found no evidence that species within clusters were any more closely related than expected by chance. We observed similar patterns when communities were defined by all vascular plants and only angiosperms.ConclusionsThe correlations among site dissimilarities based on abiotic variables, BD and PhBD suggest environmental filtering; however, sites clustered by BD and PhBD did not resemble those clustered by abiotic variables, indicating that the added value of phylogenetic data for local scale analyses might be limited.