bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robust Two-degree-of-freedom Control Based on H∞ Method for PMSM Drive System
Authors: Zhu Qixin , Xiong Lei , Liu Hongli , Zhu Yonghong , Zhang Guoping 
Published: March 2019

Background:
The conventional method using one-degree-of-freedom (1DOF) controller
for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) servo system has the trade-off problem between
the dynamic performance and the robustness.

Methods:
In this paper, by using H∞ control theory, a novel robust two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF)
controller has been proposed to improve the position control performance of PMSM servo system.
Using robust control theory and 2DOF control theory, a H∞ robust position controller has been designed
and discussed in detail.

Results:
The trade-off problem between the dynamic performance and robustness which exists in
one-degree-of-freedom (1DOF) control can be dealt with by the application of 2DOF control theory.
Then, through H∞ control theory, the design of robust position controller can be translated
to H∞ robust standard design problem. Moreover, the control system with robust controller has
been proved to be stable.

Conclusion:
Further simulation results demonstrate that compared with the conventional PID control,
the designed control system has better robustness and attenuation to the disturbance of load
impact.
Изотопные эффекты в спектрах комплексов с водородной связью. Экспериментальное и теоретическое изучение спектра ИК поглощения комплекса (-=SUP=-12-=/SUP=-CH-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-)-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=--=SUP=-13-=/SUP=-CO...НF
Authors: Булычев В.П. , Енгалычева Е.А. , Тохадзе К.Г. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIR absorption spectra of mixtures (^12CH_3) $$_{2}^{{13}}$$ CO/HF and free (^12CH_3) $$_{2}^{{13}}$$ CO molecules are recorded in the region of 4000−800 cm^−1 with a Bruker IFS-125 HR vacuum Fourier spectrometer at room temperature with a resolution of 0.05 cm^−1. Absorption bands of the (^12CH_3) $$_{2}^{{13}}$$ CO…HF complex are obtained by subtracting the absorption bands of free HF and acetone molecules and absorption lines of atmospheric water from the experimental spectrum of mixtures. Spectral characteristics of the 2ν(^13C=O) overtone band of free acetone were also recorded. Comparison of the spectral data obtained with the analogous data measured earlier for the (^12CH_3) $$_{2}^{{12}}$$ CO…HF complex shows changes in the absorption spectra of complexes caused by ^12C → ^13C isotopic substitution. The frequencies and intensities for absorption bands of both complexes are calculated using the perturbation theory and methods MP2/6-311++G(2d,2p) and MP2/6-311++G(3df,3pd) with allowance for the error of superposition of basis functions of the monomers. The calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental data and are used to interpret the observed spectra. The influence of anharmonic effects on the frequencies and intensities of the strongest ν(H–F) and ν(^13C=O) bands is examined with the help of variational calculations. It is shown that, unlike the (^12CH_3) $$_{2}^{{12}}$$ CO…HF complex, the 2ν(^13C=O)/ν(H–F) resonance is virtually absent in the (^12CH_3) $$_{2}^{{13}}$$ CO…HF complex.
A Comprehensive Review of the Evolution of Accounting Standards for State and Local Government Pensions and Other Postemployment Benefits in The United States
Authors: Flesher Dale L. , Foltin Craig , Previts Gary John , Stone Mary S. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
Both the business media and the popular press have emphasized the underfunding problems associated with pension funds that are set aside for state and local government workers, a group that also includes teachers and professors at state-affiliated colleges and universities. The realization that pension funds are typically underfunded stems from the fact that the accounting standards associated with state and local government employee pension funds have led to greater transparency since 2011. This paper examines, explains, and interprets the historical development over the last 70 years of accounting standards for state and local government pension funds in the United States. Changing accounting standards, along with economic and social change, have led to consequences such as employers transforming their pension programs to avoid substantial costs and significant liabilities, for example by changing from defined benefit to defined contribution plans.
Uric Acid Is an Independent Risk Factor for Decline in Kidney Function, Cardiovascular Events, and Mortality in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Pilemann-Lyberg Sascha , Hansen Tine Willum , Tofte Nete , Winther Signe Abitz , Theilade Simone , Ahluwalia Tarunveer Singh , Rossing Peter 
Published: March 2019

OBJECTIVE
Previous studies have provided inconclusive results on the role of uric acid (UA) in risk prediction. Here we aimed to improve the power and precision of the predictive value of UA for the risk of decline in kidney function, cardiovascular events (CVEs), and mortality in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Plasma UA was measured in 670 patients with T1D and various degrees of albuminuria, ranging from normoalbuminuria to macroalbuminuria. Associations of UA with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline of ≥30%, CVEs, and mortality were analyzed. The median follow-up time was 5.3 years [interquartile range (IQR) 2.7–6.2 years] for a decline in eGFR of ≥30%, 5.8 years (2.5–6.4 years) for progression in albuminuria status, 5.1 years (4.7–5.6 years) for CVE, and 6.2 years (5.8–6.7 years) for mortality. Both univariable and multivariable associations of UA with relevant outcomes and variables were reported. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated per doubling of the UA level.

RESULTS
A doubling in UA level was associated with a higher risk of decline in eGFR of ≥30% (n = 89) (HR 3.18 [IQR 1.71–5.93]; P &lt; 0.001), CVE (n = 94) (HR 2.25 [IQR 1.20–4.21]; P = 0.011), and mortality (n = 58) (HR 2.58 [IQR 1.12–5.90]; P = 0.025) in adjusted analyses. Adding UA to the adjusted model including conventional risk factors improved the relative integrated discrimination index by 12.6% for a decline in eGFR of ≥30% (P &lt; 0.001), 6.5% for CVE (P = 0.010), and 11.8% (P = 0.003) for mortality. A doubling in UA level was also associated with a steeper decline in eGFR (P &lt; 0.0026) and a steeper increase in urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (P &lt; 0.0027) in adjusted analysis.

CONCLUSIONS
In individuals with T1D, a higher UA level is associated with a higher risk of decline in kidney function, CVE, and mortality, independently of other risk factors. Our results suggest that UA has a promising role in risk stratification among individuals with T1D.
Meningkatkan Prestasi Belajar Agama Hindu Melalui Implementasi Model Pembelajaran Kooperatatif Tipe TGT (Team Game Turnament)
Authors: Watis Ni Nengah 
Published: March 2019

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kelas IX-13 SMP Negeri 2 Singaraja pada smester ganjil tahun pelajaran 2016/2017, dengan tujuan adalah untuk meningkatkan prestasi belajar Pendidikan Agama Hindu siswa kelas IX-13 SMP Negeri 2 Singaraja pada semester ganjil Tahun pelajaran 2016/2017 melalui Implementasi Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Type Team Game Turnament (TGT). Metode pengumpulan datanya melalui tes prestasi belajar, yang selanjutnya dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Data disajikan dalam bentuk rata-rata prestasi belajar dan prosesntase ketuntasan belajar. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan data awalnya rata-rata hasil belajar siswa hanya 72,58 dengan siswa yang tuntas sebanyak 44,22 %. Pada siklus I setelah dilaksanakan implementasi strategi pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TGT ternyata terjadi kenaikan prestasi belajar yang ditandai dengan rata-rata 78,24 ketuntasan belajar 75,00 %. Dan Setelah memperbaiki kekurangan-kekurangan yang masih terjadi pada siklus I, maka pada siklus II memperoleh data prestasi belajar meningkat menjadi rata-rata 79,06 ketuntasan belajar 86,11 %. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah Implementasi Strategi Pembelajaran Kooperatif Type Team Game Turnamen (TGT) dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa pada kelas IX-13 smester ganjil tahun pelajaran 2016/2017
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Pair Check Berbasis Penilaian Kinerja terhadap Kompetensi Pengetahuan PKn
Authors: Rahayuni Arni 
Published: March 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran Pair Check berbasis penilaian kinerja terhadap kompetensi pengetahuan PKn siswa kelas IV SDN Gugus Pattimura Denpasar Selatan tahun pelajaran 2017/2018. Desain penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Eksperimen semu dengan rancangan nonequivalent control group design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas IV SDN Gugus Pattimura Denpasar Selatan yang berjumlah 301 siswa. Penentuan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik random sampling. Sampel yang didapatkan disetarakan terlebih dahulu menggunakan teknik matching. Penentuan kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol dilakukan dengan cara mengundi sehingga diperoleh siswa kelas IV SDN 1 Sesetan dengan jumlah 30 siswa sebagai kelompok eksperimen dan siswa kelas IV SDN 18 Sesetan dengan jumlah 30 siswa sebagai kelompok kontrol. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode tes dalam bentuk tes objektif pilihan ganda biasa yang berjumlah 31 butir tes yang telah di validasi. Data kompetensi pengetahuan PKn dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji-t. Hasil analisis data diperoleh thitung = 3,870 sedangkan pada taraf signifikansi 5% dan dk = 58 diperoleh nilai ttabel = 2,000 sehingga thitung = 3,870 > ttabel = 2,000. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran Pair Check berbasis penilaian kinerja terhadap terhadap kompetensi pengetahuan PKn siswa kelas IV SDN Gugus Pattimura Denpasar Selatan tahun pelajaran 2017/2018.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Discovery Learning Melalui Lesson Study Terhadap Hasil Belajar IPA
Authors: Windiari M. 
Published: March 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan yang signifikan hasil belajar IPA antara siswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran discovery learning melalui lesson study dan siswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran konvensional pada siswa kelas V SD di Gugus X Kecamatan Buleleng Kabupaten Buleleng Tahun Pelajaran 2017/2018. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen semu. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas V di SD Gugus X Kecamatan Buleleng Kabupaten Buleleng Tahun Pelajaran 2017/2018 dengan jumlah 98 siswa. Sampel penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas V SD N 2 Kaliuntu yang berjumlah 18 siswa dan siswa kelas V SD N 3 Kaliuntu yang berjumlah 23 siswa. Data hasil belajar IPA siswa dikumpulkan dengan tes berbentuk pilihan ganda. Data yang dikumpulkan dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis statistik deskriptif dan statistik inferensial (uji-t). Dilihat dari hasil uji-t diperoleh thitung = 3,563 dan ttabel = 2,021. Hal ini berarti bahwa thitung > ttabel , sedangkan hasil perhitungan rata-rata hasil belajar IPA yang dibelajarkan menggunakan model pembelajaran discovery learning melalui lesson study adalah 23,73 lebih besar dibandingkan dengan yang dibelajarkan dengan pembelajaran konvensional adalah 19,50. Dengan demikian, model pembelajaran discovery learning melalui lesson study berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar IPA siswa kelas V SD di Gugus X Kecamatan Buleleng Kabupaten Buleleng Tahun Pelajaran 2017/2018.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Discovery Learning Untuk Meningkatkan Aktivitas Dan Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Mata Pelajaran Kantor Depan
Authors: Rahmah Siti Nurul 
Published: March 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa kelas XI AP-1 di SMK Negeri 2 Singaraja pada mata pelajaran kantor depan yang kompetensi dasarnya mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis kamar dan harga kamar dengan menerapkn model pembelajaran discovery learning. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (guru sebagai peneliti) dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus, terdiri dari rencana tindakan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi atau evaluasi dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas XI AP-1 di SMK Negeri 2 Singaraja yang berjumlah 38 orang. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis statistik deskriptif. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data pada siklus I terlihat aktivitas siswa sebesar 68,16% berada pada kualifikasi aktif dengan kualifikasi Baik , kemudian rata-rata skor hasil belajar siswa aspek pengetahuan memperoleh skor sebesar 83, 9 aspek keterampilan sekor hasil belajar siswa sebesar 83, 5. Hasil pada siklus II, aktivitas siswa sebesar 80,53% berada pada kualifikasi sangat aktif dan rata-rata skor hasil belajar siswa,dari aspek pengetahuan sebesar 87,6, sedangkan untuk aspek keterampilan rata-rata skor hasil belajar siswa sebesar 87,8 dan seluruh siswa mencapai ketuntasan 100% baik dari aspek sikap, pengetahuan maupun keterampilan. Jadi dapat disimpulkan Penerapan model Pembelajaran discovery learning dengan setting belajar kelompok dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran kantor depan, kompetensi dasarnya mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis kamar dan harga kamar.Kata Kunci : discovery learning, aktivitas, hasil belajar, belajar kelompok, kantor depan, jenis- jenis kamar, harga kamar
Pengaruh Pola Asuh Orang Tua dan Konsep Diri Terhadap Kemandirian Memilih Karir Mahasiswa
Authors: Purnia Dewi Titik , Dwikurnaningsih Yari , Irawan Sapto 
Published: March 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui: 1) pengaruh yang signifikan pola asuh orang tua terhadap kemandirian memilih karir mahasiswa angkatan 2017 program studi BK UKSW. 2) pengaruh yang signifikan konsep diri terhadap kemandirian memilih karir mahasiswa angkatan 2017 program studi BK UKSW 3) pengaruh yang signifikan antara pola asuh orang tua dan konsep diri secara bersama-sama terhadap kemandirian memilih karir mahasiswa angkatan 2017 program studi BK UKSW. Jenis penelitian adalah kuantitatif. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah total sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah angket dan skala. Populasi penelitian ini adalah remaja Karang Taruna di Kauman Kidul Salatiga. Subjek penelitian ini berjumlah 56 orang mahasiswa angkatan 2017. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada pengaruh yang signifikan konsep diri terhadap kemandirian memilih karir mahasiswa angkatan 2017 program studi BK UKSW.
Meningkatkan Aktivitas dan Prestasi Belajar Siswa Materi Pokok Danish Pastry dengan Menerapkan Model Pembelajaran Tutor Sebaya (Peer Tutoring)
Authors: Sari Luh 
Published: March 2019

Tujuan dari diadakannya penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan aktivitas belajar dan prestasi belajar siswa pada materi pokok danish pastry di kelas XIA2 SMK Negeri 2 Singaraja, Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019 melalui penerapan model pembelajaran tutor sebaya (peer tutoring). Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK). Subyek penelitian adalah peserta didik kelas XIA2 di SMK Negeri 2 Singaraja yang berjumlah 36 orang peserta didik, 20 perempuan dan 16 orang siswa laki-laki. Sedangkan objek penelitian ini pada mata pelajaran produk pastry dan bakery pada materi pokok danish pastry dengan menggunakan medel pembelajaran tutor sebaya. Data aktivitas belajar siswa dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan lembar observasi aktivitas belajar siswa yang telah dipersiapkan, sedangkan data prestasi belajar siswa yaitu menggunakan tes. Analisis data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini menggunakan analisis data deskriptif. Berdasarkan analisis data yang dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa implementasi model Tutor Sebaya dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan prestasi belajar materi pokok Danish Pastry siswa kelas XI A2 SMK Negeri 2 Singaraja Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019.
The Proposed Improvement of Work Posture as An Attempt in Lowering The Risk of Musculoskeletal Disorder
Authors: Suhardi Bambang , Sari Fita Permata , Astuti Rahmaniyah Dwi 
Published: March 2019

CV Valasindo is furniture industry that produces a wide range of wood product.The production process in CV. Valasindo is devided in two areas, preparation of materials area and production area. This research is focused on work posture of the production area’s workers. The production area itself consists of work stations such as assembly, construction and finishing. The production area was chosen because on the production process in this area is still done manually by the operator. Additionally, on the production area is also still present a series of no ergonomic work posture, both on the work station construction, assembly and finishing. The purpose of this research is to identify a work posture on the production area and doing an improvement to lowers the risk of musculoskeletal injuries. Based on the results of the assessment work posture against 18 work stations at the production area, the seat assembly work station it is known that has the highest risk of musculoskeletal injuries with a score of REBA 9, OWAS 3 as well as score NBM 75. Based on work by posture assessment method of QEC, REBA, OWAS and reinforced with method NBM then the improvement will be focused on work station assembly seat. In this study, the improvements done by designing a working facility in the form of tables and chairs work. Based on the results of the design work facilities have been simulated and the result is the risk of musculoskeletal injuries that used to be high risk decrease to be low
Developing Learning Trajectory Based Instruction of the Congruence for Ninth Grade Using Central Java Historical Building
Authors: Fahrurozi Achmad , Maesaroh Suci , Suwanto Imam , Nursyahidah Farida 
Published: March 2019

This research aims to produce a Learning Trajectory Based Instruction (LTBI) that can help the ninth grade students understand the concept of congruence of the two-dimensional shape by examining Lawang Sewu as one of Central Java historical buildings. LTBI is defined as a teaching and learning trajectory that uses Hypothetical Learning Trajectory (HLT) for instructional decisions. The present research uses the design research developed by Gravemeijer and Cobb that consists of three phases; the preliminary design, design of the experiment (pilot experiment and teaching experiment), and retrospective analysis. In this study, a series of learning activities is designed and developed based on the Realistic Mathematics Education (PMRI) approach. This research produced LTBI that consists of a series of learning processes embodied in three activities of (1) identifying and finding the properties which shapes are congruent shapes by watching Lawang Sewu video, (2) proofing two shapes are congruent through transformation (translation and rotation), and (3) solving problem related to the congruence of two-dimensional shape. The activity can help to improve the students’ understanding of the concept of congruence. Nevertheless, the present study is limited to the first stage of Gravemeijer and Cobb’s design research, namely preliminary design.
”Douce Mélancolie” à la Scena per Angolo: The Sublime Melancholy of Hubert Robert – Detached from Roman Models
Authors: Kuusamo Altti 
Published: March 2019

In this paper I trace how melancholy and paintings of ruins link together in Hubert Robert’s (1733–1808) images and how we can also comprehend some other concepts close to melancholy in order to understand his images. As far as I know there has not been a great deal of serious discussion of what implications Denis Diderot’s characterization of Robert’s ruin paintings as douce mélancolie would have. In this sense the question is how we can see, sense or grasp a certain kind of melancholy on the level of painted scenes and dominant visual elements of Robert’s works.
While the Renaissance excluded sadness from its view of melancholy, the 18th century left cosmology out of its arsenal of melancholy. When melancholy was no longer subject to cosmic-religious control, there appeared new sentiments or correlatives to “shape” melancholy, like a new idea of (bourgeois) sensibility.
Robert painted hundreds of paintings and drawings depicting huge colonnaded galleries with broken vaults. A large number of these images differ significantly from their ancient historical references. In Robert’s painted oeuvre caprice is a key word. The main type of caprice is the elongation of the gallery-hall in a lateral perspective. Repetition is connected to the principle of the sublime via megalomania. Repetition is one symptom of melancholy, a kind of obsessive return to the same themes and motifs, the substitutes for unforgotten love objects. A strange connection emerges between sensibility, capriccio and the sublime in his works.
The colossal ruins have been represented in a way which places scenery inside the gallery, so that it forms a kind of interior landscape. Skies are only glimpsed through apertures in the vault. It is hard to find signs of transcendence in Robert’s ruin paintings in spite of the sensation of the immense, almost inhuman, length of colonnades. People depicted in the scenes are commonplace in character. The cosmic infinity which was so important for earlier views of melancholy is changed into the feeling of lackluster glory. The greatness of Rome has been described as an anonymous greatness of fancy which even blurs the sense of historical time.
Osmanlı Türkçesi Dersini Alan Öğrencilerin Yaptıkları Okuma, Yazma ve Gramer Hatalarının Sebepleri ve Sağaltılmaları Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: Calp Mehrali 
Published: March 2019

Bu çalışmada, Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı Bölümü öğrencilerinin Osmanlı Türkçesi alanındaki okuma, yazma ve gramer bakımından yaptıkları hatalar ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı, öğrencilerin, Osmanlı Türkçesinde yaptığı okuma, yazma ve gramer hatalarının sebeplerini belirlemek ve elde edilen bulgular ışığında bu hataları sağaltmaya yönelik önerilerde bulunmaktır. Araştırma nitel bir çalışma olup veriler yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu yoluyla elde edilmiş ve içerik analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Bu amaçla 4 sorudan oluşan yarı yapılandırılmış bir görüşme formu hazırlanmıştır. Hazırlanan bu görüşme formu aracılığıyla dersi alan öğrenciler ile alan uzmanlarından görüş alınmıştır. Araştırmada aşağıdaki sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır: Osmanlı Türkçesi dersinde öğrencilerin en çok zorlandıkları durumlar: Arapça kelimelerin kalıplarını bilememe ve yazamama, metinleri okuyamama ve yazamama, dilbilgisinde yetersiz olma; ڭ (ŋ )lerin benzer seslerden ayırt edilememesi ve vokallerin yazımıdır. Öğrenci hatalarının sebepleri: Arapça ve Farsça gramer bilgisinin yetersiz olması, yazımın (imla) çalışmasının yetersiz olması, Arapça, Farsça ve Osmanlıca kelimeleri ayırt edememe, yeterince metin okumama, yazma etkinliklerinin yapılmamasıdır. Öğrencilerin karşılaştıkları zorluklarla baş edebilmek için almayı düşündükleri önlemler: ders dışı tekrar ve alıştırma yapma, metin okuma ve yazma çalışmalarını artırmadır. Öğrencilerin öğretimle ilgili faydalı olacağını düşündükleri önerileri: Derslerin alanında uzman olanlar tarafından verilmesi, öğretim sürecinin kolaydan zora aşamalı olarak sürdürülmesi, haftalık yazma ödevi verilmesi, sık sık alıştırma yaptırılması, çokça metin okunması şeklindedir.Elde edilen bulgular ışığında önerilerde bulunulmuştur