bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential patterns of brain activation between hoarding disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder during executive performance
Authors: Suñol Maria , Martínez-Zalacaín Ignacio , Picó-Pérez Maria , López-Solà Clara , Real Eva , Fullana Miquel Àngel , Pujol Jesús , Cardoner Narcís , Menchón José Manuel , Alonso Pino , Soriano-Mas Carles 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundPreliminary evidence suggests that hoarding disorder (HD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) may show distinct patterns of brain activation during executive performance, although results have been inconclusive regarding the specific neural correlates of their differential executive dysfunction. In the current study, we aim to evaluate differences in brain activation between patients with HD, OCD and healthy controls (HCs) during response inhibition, response switching and error processing.MethodsWe assessed 17 patients with HD, 18 patients with OCD and 19 HCs. Executive processing was assessed inside a magnetic resonance scanner by means of two variants of a cognitive control protocol (i.e. stop- and switch-signal tasks), which allowed for the assessment of the aforementioned executive domains.ResultsOCD patients performed similar to the HCs, differing only in the number of successful go trials in the switch-signal task. However, they showed an anomalous hyperactivation of the right rostral anterior cingulate cortex during error processing in the switch-signal task. Conversely, HD patients performed worse than OCD and HC participants in both tasks, showing an impulsive-like pattern of response (i.e. shorter reaction time and more commission errors). They also exhibited hyperactivation of the right lateral orbitofrontal cortex during successful response switching and abnormal deactivation of frontal regions during error processing in both tasks.ConclusionsOur results support that patients with HD and OCD present dissimilar cognitive profiles, supported by distinct neural mechanisms. Specifically, while alterations in HD resemble an impulsive pattern of response, patients with OCD present increased error processing during response conflict protocols.
Measuring language attitudes in context: Exploring the potential of the Personalized Implicit Association Test
Authors: Rosseel Laura , Speelman Dirk , Geeraerts Dirk 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAfter decades of relative methodological stagnation, language attitude research is witnessing an influx of new experimental methods originally developed in social psychology. One such measure is the Personalized Implicit Association Test (P-IAT), a reaction-time-based method that measures the association between two concepts. The P-IAT has been used successfully to measure language attitudes, yet presents a number of challenges, like the fact that it measures attitudes void of linguistic or interactional context. This article aims to address that challenge and introduces a contextualized version of the P-IAT, which was used alongside an explicit measurement to explore attitudes towards varieties of Dutch in formal vs. informal settings. While the explicit attitudes show the expected pattern of preference for the standard variety in formal contexts, results from the implicit measurement are not as clear-cut. We discuss potential explanations for these findings and reflect on consequences for future sociolinguistic research using the P-IAT. (Personalized Implicit Association Test (P-IAT), context dependence of language attitudes, sociolinguistics)*
Dynamics of UV short pulse laser-induced plasmas from a ceramic material “titanium carbide”: a hydrodynamical out of equilibrium investigation
Authors: Ait Oumeziane A. , Parisse J-D. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe present work is motivated by the numerous applications of short lasers–ceramics interaction. It aims at applying a newly developed model to investigate the dynamic of laser-induced plasmas from a ceramic material into a helium gas under atmospheric pressure. To have a better understanding of the link between the material properties, the plume characteristics and its interaction with the laser beam, a thorough examination of the entire ablation processes is conducted. Comparison with the behavior of laser-induced plumes under the same conditions from a pure material is shown to have a key role in shedding the light on what monitors the plume expansion in the background environment. Plume temperatures, velocities, ionization rates as well as elemental composition have been presented and compared under carefully chosen relevant conditions. This study is of interest for laser matter applications depending on the induced plasmas dynamics and composition.
SECOND AND THIRD LANGUAGE LEARNERS’ SENSITIVITY TO JAPANESE PITCH ACCENT IS ADDITIVE
Authors: Wiener Seth , Goss Seth 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis study examines second (L2) and third (L3) language learners’ pitch perception. We test the hypothesis that a listener’s discrimination of and sensitivity (d’) to Japanese pitch accent reflects how pitch cues inform all words a listener knows in an additive, nonselective manner rather than how pitch cues inform words in a selective, Japanese-only manner. Six groups of listeners performed a speeded ABX discrimination task in Japanese. Groups were defined by their L1, L2, and L3 experience with the target language’s pitch cues (Japanese), a language with less informative pitch cues (English), or a language with more informative pitch cues (Mandarin Chinese). Results indicate that sensitivity to pitch is better modeled as a function of pitch’s informativeness across all languages a listener speaks. These findings support cue-centric views of perception and transfer, demonstrate potential advantageous transfer of tonal-L1/L2 speakers, and highlight the cumulative role that pitch plays in language learning.
ON ASYMPTOTIC UNIFORM SMOOTHNESS AND NONLINEAR GEOMETRY OF BANACH SPACES
Authors: Braga B. M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThese notes concern the nonlinear geometry of Banach spaces, asymptotic uniform smoothness and several Banach–Saks-like properties. We study the existence of certain concentration inequalities in asymptotically uniformly smooth Banach spaces as well as weakly sequentially continuous coarse (Lipschitz) embeddings into those spaces. Some results concerning the descriptive set theoretical complexity of those properties are also obtained. We finish the paper with a list of open problem.
Equivalence of the German and the French Versions of the Self-Report	Symptom Inventory
Authors: Giger Peter , Merten Thomas 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Against the background of the growing importance of symptom validity assessment both in forensic and clinical or rehabilitation contexts, a new instrument for identifying overreporting was developed. In order to study the equivalence of the German and the French versions, we divided the item pool of the Self-Report Symptom Inventory (SRSI) into two presumably equivalent half-forms. A sample of 40 adult bilingual Swiss nationals with a mean age of 39.9 years responded honestly to one of the half-forms in German and to the other in French. In a subsequent experimental malingering condition, they were asked to simulate sequelae of a whiplash injury and to respond to the SRSI again. In both conditions, they also filled out the Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology (SIMS). The results showed no differences between the two language versions in both conditions. Classification accuracy was very high (100% specificity, 90% sensitivity for the standard cutoff score). Reliability estimates were 0.93 for endorsement of genuine symptoms and 0.97 for pseudosymptom endorsement. In the malingering condition, the correlation between the number of reported pseudosymptoms and the SIMS scores was 0.69. The current results add to the database available for the SRSI and support the appropriateness of the French version.
Global Rules Mask the Mitigation Challenge Facing Developing Countries
Authors: Jiang Xuemei , Peters Glen P. , Green Christopher 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFocusing on global mitigation pathways masks key aspects of technical, political, and social feasibility, which play out at the country level. We illustrate the dilemma between a “carbon law” (halving emissions every decade) at the global level and the nationally determined contributions submitted at the country level. Our results suggest that even if the United States, European Union, China, and India could strengthen their nationally determined contributions by 2050, the rest of the world is required to immediately change from their current course to a very rapid decrease in emissions reaching almost zero emissions by 2030, to achieve the Paris 2015 goal. The greatest mitigation challenges lie in the developing world. Real progress toward the Paris Agreement goal awaits an effective commitment by leading countries to undertake breakthrough research and development of low‐, zero‐, or even negative‐carbon‐emissions energy technologies that can be deployed at scale in the developing world.
First‐Principles Study of Thermodynamics and Spin Transition in FeSiO3 Liquid at High Pressure
Authors: Sun Yicheng , Zhou Huiqun , Yin Kun , Lu Xiancai 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe thermodynamic properties of iron silicate liquids at high pressures and temperatures are poorly constrained, even though they are important for understanding the thermal and chemical evolution of a magma ocean. Here we report the results of the P‐V‐T equation of state, thermodynamic properties, and spin transition of iron in FeSiO3 liquid at 2500–6000 K and pressure conditions spanning the entire mantle using first‐principles molecular dynamics simulations. Our calculations predict that FeSiO3 liquid undergoes a linear high‐to‐low spin transition over a broad pressure interval (>296 GPa), and the spin state of iron in FeSiO3 liquid is mainly the high‐spin state near the conditions of the core‐mantle boundary. Our results of FeSiO3 liquid adiabats show that iron content has little effect on the adiabatic temperature profile of liquid (Mg,Fe)SiO3 in a magma ocean.
Sea Surface Signature of Internal Tides
Authors: Lahaye Noé , Gula Jonathan , Roullet Guillaume 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe upper ocean is energetic at scales below the Rossby deformation radius owing to the existence of internal waves and submesoscale fronts and vortices. These contribute significantly to energy dissipation, tracer mixing, and exchanges between the ocean surface layer, the ocean interior, and the atmospheric boundary layer. Internal waves and submesoscale motions both undergo strong spatial and seasonal variations, driven by different mechanisms. Here, we investigate the sea surface signature of internal waves and its seasonality using linear wave theory and a high‐resolution realistic simulation. In summer, internal waves are greatly amplified near the surface mostly due to a thin mixed layer bounded by a seasonal pycnocline. This surface amplification is well captured by linear theory, provided that the stratification at the base of the mixed layer is accurately represented. In winter, the superinertial motions are not fully explained by linear theory, reflecting impacts of the more energetic submesoscale motions.
Experimental Studies of Anisotropy on Borehole Breakouts in Mancos Shale
Authors: Choens R. C. , Lee M. Y. , Ingraham M. D. , Dewers T. A. , Herrick C. G. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMeasuring the size and orientation of borehole breakouts is one of the primary methods for determining the orientation and magnitudes of the in situ stresses in the subsurface. To better understand the effects of anisotropy on borehole breakouts, experiments were conducted on Mancos Shale, a finely laminated mudrock. A novel testing configuration was developed to conduct borehole breakout experiments in a standard triaxial vessel and load frame. Samples were prepared at three different orientations and deformed under 6.9 to 20.7 MPa confining pressure. The results show a variation of peak strength and breakout geometry depending on the lamination orientation. Samples deformed parallel to laminations failed at a higher maximum compressive stress than samples deformed perpendicular to laminations, which were stronger than inclined samples. These relationships are quantified by a cosine‐based failure envelope. Observed breakout shapes in perpendicular samples are V‐shaped and symmetric around the borehole, which advance as a series of fractures of increasing size into the sidewalls. In inclined samples, fractures form along weaker laminations planes and grow in an en echelon pattern towards the axial stress direction. In parallel samples, long fractures grow from the wellbore towards the axial stress direction. The observed geometries highlight potential sources of error in calculating in situ stresses from borehole breakouts.
The Impact of Changes in Cloud Water pH on Aerosol Radiative Forcing
Authors: Turnock S. T. , Mann G. W. , Woodhouse M. T. , Dalvi M. , O'Connor F. M. , Carslaw K. S. , Spracklen D. V. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractOxidation of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in cloud water by reaction with ozone is an important sulfate aerosol formation mechanism and strongly dependent on the acidity of cloud water. Decadal reductions in Northern Hemisphere sulfur emissions have contributed to higher cloud water pH, thereby altering sulfate formation rates. Here we use a global composition‐climate model to show that changes in cloud water pH over the 1970–2009 period strongly affects the aerosol particle size distribution, cloud condensation nuclei concentrations, and the magnitude of aerosol radiative forcing. The simulated all‐sky aerosol radiative forcing (1970–2009) over the North Atlantic is +1.2 W m−2 if pH remains constant at 5.0, as in many climate models. However, the forcing increases to +5.2 W m−2 if pH is assumed to increase by 1.0 unit over this period. Global composition climate models need to account for variations in cloud water pH to improve the representation of sulfate aerosol formation and aerosol radiative effects.
Introducing Thermal Inertia for Monitoring Snowmelt Processes With Remote Sensing
Authors: Colombo R. , Garzonio R. , Di Mauro B. , Dumont M. , Tuzet F. , Cogliati S. , Pozzi G. , Maltese A. , Cremonese E. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThermal inertia has been successfully used in remote sensing applications that span from geology, geomorphology to hydrology. In this paper, we propose the use of thermal inertia for describing snow dynamics. Two different formulations of thermal inertia were tested using experimental and simulated data related to snowpack dynamics. Experimental data were acquired between 2012 and 2017 from an automatic weather station located in the western Italian Alps at 2,160 m. Simulations were obtained using the one‐dimensional multilayer Crocus model. Results provided evidences that snowmelt phases can be recognized, and average snowpack density can be estimated reasonably well from thermal inertia observations (R2 = 0.71; RMSE = 65 kg/m3). The empirical model was also validated with manual snow density measurements (R2 = 0.80; RMSE = 54 kg/m3). This study is the first attempt at the exploitation of thermal inertia for snow monitoring, combining optical and thermal remote sensing data.
Tracking the Region of High Correlation Between Pulsating Aurora and Chorus: Simultaneous Observations With Arase Satellite and Ground‐Based All‐Sky Imager in Russia
Authors: Kawamura S. , Hosokawa K. , Kurita S. , Oyama S. , Miyoshi Y. , Kasahara Y. , Ozaki M. , Matsuda S. , Matsuoka A. , Kozelov B. , Kawamura Y. , Shinohara I. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe temporal modulations of magnetospheric chorus waves are one of the candidates for explaining quasiperiodic precipitation of energetic electrons causing pulsating aurora (PsA). To confirm fully the direct association between PsA and chorus, an extended interval of PsA (~1 hr) simultaneously observed by the Arase satellite and a ground‐based all‐sky imager in Apatity, Kola Peninsula, Russia was examined. In particular, a region of high correlation between PsA and chorus was continuously tracked within the field of view of the all‐sky imager. The result showed that the high‐correlation region and the modeled footprint of Arase moved in tandem. This strongly implies that the chorus and PsA electrons originated from the same local interaction region. In addition, the location of the high‐correlation region showed sudden jumps, which were probably associated with the motion of the satellite through discrete spatial structures of plasma in the region of wave‐particle interaction.
A TRIM71 binding long noncoding RNA Trincr1 represses FGF/ERK signaling in embryonic stem cells
Authors: Li Ya-Pu , Duan Fei-Fei , Zhao Yu-Ting , Gu Kai-Li , Liao Le-Qi , Su Huai-Bin , Hao Jing , Zhang Kun , Yang Na , Wang Yangming 
Published: March 2019

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as important components of gene regulatory network in embryonic stem cells (ESCs). However, the function and molecular mechanism of lncRNAs are still largely unknown. Here we identifies Trincr1 (TRIM71 interacting long noncoding RNA 1) lncRNA that regulates the FGF/ERK signaling and self-renewal of ESCs. Trincr1 is exported by THOC complex to cytoplasm where it binds and represses TRIM71, leading to the downregulation of SHCBP1 protein. Knocking out Trincr1 leads to the upregulation of phosphorylated ERK and ERK pathway target genes and the decrease of ESC self-renewal, while knocking down Trim71 completely rescues the defects of Trincr1 knockout. Furthermore, ectopic expression of Trincr1 represses FGF/ERK signaling and the self-renewal of neural progenitor cells (NPCs). Together, this study highlights lncRNA as an important player in cell signaling network to coordinate cell fate specification.
Soluble TREM2 ameliorates pathological phenotypes by modulating microglial functions in an Alzheimer’s disease model
Authors: Zhong Li , Xu Ying , Zhuo Rengong , Wang Tingting , Wang Kai , Huang Ruizhi , Wang Daxin , Gao Yue , Zhu Yifei , Sheng Xuan , Chen Kai , Wang Na , Zhu Lin , Can Dan , Marten Yuka , Shinohara Mitsuru , Liu Chia-Chen , Du Dan , Sun Hao , Wen Lei , Xu Huaxi , Bu Guojun , Chen Xiao-Fen 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTriggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is a microglial surface receptor genetically linked to the risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A proteolytic product, soluble TREM2 (sTREM2), is abundant in the cerebrospinal fluid and its levels positively correlate with neuronal injury markers. To gain insights into the pathological roles of sTREM2, we studied sTREM2 in the brain of 5xFAD mice, a model of AD, by direct stereotaxic injection of recombinant sTREM2 protein or by adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated expression. We found that sTREM2 reduces amyloid plaque load and rescues functional deficits of spatial memory and long-term potentiation. Importantly, sTREM2 enhances microglial proliferation, migration, clustering in the vicinity of amyloid plaques and the uptake and degradation of Aβ. Depletion of microglia abolishes the neuroprotective effects of sTREM2. Our study demonstrates a protective role of sTREM2 against amyloid pathology and related toxicity and suggests that increasing sTREM2 can be explored for AD therapy.
Predicting the phase diagram of solid carbon dioxide at high pressure from first principles
Authors: Han Yanqiang , Liu Jinfeng , Huang Lei , He Xiao , Li Jinjin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe physics of solid carbon dioxide and its different polymorphs are not only of great practical and fundamental interest but also of considerable importance to terrestrial and planetary chemistry. Despite decades of computer simulations, the atomic-level structures of solid carbon dioxide polymorphs are still far from well understood and the phase diagrams of solid carbon dioxide predicted by traditional empirical force fields or density-functional theory are still challenged by their accuracies in describing the hydrogen bonding and van-der-Waals interactions. Especially the “intermediate state” solid carbon dioxide phase II, separating the most stable molecular phases from the intermediate forms, has not been demonstrated accurately and is the matter of a long standing debate. Here, we introduce a general ab initio electron-correlated method that can predict the Gibbs free energies and thus the phase diagrams of carbon dioxide phases I, II and III, using the high-level second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation (MP2) theory at high pressures and finite temperatures. The predicted crystal structures, phase transitions, and Raman spectra are in excellent agreement with the experiments. The proposed model not only reestablishes the position of solid carbon dioxide in phase diagram but also holds exceptional promise in assisting experimental studies of exploring new phases of molecular crystals with potentially important applications.
CREDO: Highly confident disease-relevant A-to-I RNA-editing discovery in breast cancer
Authors: Hwang Woochang , Calza Stefano , Silvestri Marco , Pawitan Yudi , Lee Youngjo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAdenosine-to-Inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing is the most prevalent post-transcriptional modification of RNA molecules. Researchers have attempted to find reliable RNA editing using next generation sequencing (NGS) data. However, most of these attempts suffered from a high rate of false positives, and they did not consider the clinical relevance of the identified RNA editing, for example, in disease progression. We devised an effective RNA-editing discovery pipeline called CREDO, which includes novel statistical filtering modules based on integration of DNA- and RNA-seq data from matched tumor-normal tissues. CREDO was compared with three other RNA-editing discovery pipelines and found to give significantly fewer false positives. Application of CREDO to breast cancer data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project discovered highly confident RNA editing with clinical relevance to cancer progression in terms of patient survival. RNA-editing detection using DNA- and RNA-seq data from matched tumor-normal tissues should be more routinely performed as multiple omics data are becoming commonly available from each patient sample. We believe CREDO is an effective and reliable tool for this problem.
Sex-dependent associations of childhood neglect and bodyweight across the life span
Authors: Ernst M. , Tibubos A. N. , Werner A. , Beutel M. E. , Plener P. L. , Fegert J. M. , Brähler E. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEating disorders and weight problems across the life span have been linked to adverse childhood experiences. Previous research often focused on child abuse and omitted investigating effects of child neglect. The present study evaluates effects of neglect on bodyweight across the life span and how emotional neglect and bodyweight are linked via mental distress. Within a large survey representative of the German population (N = 2,500), individuals completed measures of mental distress, childhood trauma, and height and weight. We conducted logistic regression analyses on bodyweight extremes and a moderated mediation analysis. In men, physical neglect aggravated the risk to be underweight. In women, emotional neglect was linked to severe obesity. In both sexes, emotional neglect was related to mental distress. We found an indirect effect of emotional neglect on bodyweight via mental distress, however, it was only present in women. Our results attest to long-term consequences of adverse early experiences. We showed a possible mechanism for women’s higher vulnerability towards eating disorders. In general, investigations of eating and weight disorders should also include men and employ sex-specific methods of analyses. Lastly, neglect should also receive more attention to prevent suffering and negative sequelae over the life span.