bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating the Parameters of Normal Distribution from Imprecise Data
Authors: Pak Abbas , Mahmoudi Mohammad Reza 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
In the literature, conventional statistical analyses of normal distribution are provided by using precise. However, in real-world situations, the results of an experimental performance can not always be in the form of exact numbers, and the measurements may be described by means of fuzzy samples. In this article, assuming that the available data are reported by fuzzy values, we extend the classical procedures of the estimation for the two-parameter normal distribution. First, we use a Newton-Raphson method to determine maximum likelihood estimates of parameters. Then, an approximation based on the Laplace approximation is used to calculate the Bayes estimates of the unknown parameters. Also, to compute the moment estimates of the parameters, an iterative numerical procedure is proposed. Finally, simulation studies are conducted in order to evaluate the performances of the proposed estimators and an analysis of one real data set is provided.
O trabalho sob a ótica de Patrícia Galvão: uma análise a partir de Parque Industrial
Authors: Trindade Marcos Vinicius Ferreira 
Published: June 2018

O presente artigo visa analisar o contexto que o trabalho adquiriu no romance Parque Industrial, de Patrícia Galvão, escrito sob o pseudônimo Mara Lobo, partindo do pressuposto que a Literatura pode ser um documento de grande valia para o estudo das relações sociais presentes na História. Percebe-se também a problemática social vivida na década de 1930 através da obra, tida como a primeira de cunho proletário do Brasil, que traz à tona a dualidade entre burgueses e operários. Neste artigo busca-se compreender como o trabalho passou a ser força que impulsiona a vida dos sujeitos. Palavras-chave: Trabalho. Proletário. História e Discurso Literário.
Em meio a Farrapos e Imperiais: A árdua e tortuosa administração do espólio do Coronel Vicente Ferrer da Silva Freire por Dona Rafaela Pinto Bandeira Freire
Authors: Boff Israel Tavares 
Published: June 2018

O presente artigo propõe a análise de documentação primária referente ao espólio do militar Coronel Vicente Ferrer da Silva Freire, e a condução administrativa destes bens por sua esposa, Rafaela Pinto Bandeira Freire. Este episódio, ocorrido logo no início da Revolução Farroupilha, apresenta referências inéditas relativas à história de personagens que ocupavam as terras onde mais tarde seria o município de Canoas, corroborando desta forma, para a construção da memória social da cidade. Palavras-chaves: Memória de Canoas; Guerra Farroupilha; Família Pinto Bandeira Freire.
Prenatal Antidepressant Exposure and Child Motor Development: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Grove Katherine , Lewis Andrew J. , Galbally Megan 
Published: June 2018

CONTEXT:
There is increasing use of antidepressants in pregnancy and hence children exposed in utero. Contradictory studies exist in the literature in which researchers report on the potential impact of antenatal antidepressant exposure on subsequent child motor development.

OBJECTIVE:
Our objective in this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine whether antenatal antidepressant exposure increases the risk of impaired motor development in children.

DATA SOURCES:
We searched PsychINFO, Embase, Medline, PubMed, and Scopus up to July 24, 2017.

STUDY SELECTION:
English-language cohort and case control studies in which researchers report primary data from a motor assessment of infants or children after any antidepressant exposure in pregnancy were included.

DATA EXTRACTION:
Of the 329 studies identified, there were 160 articles screened, 24 were included in the systematic review, and 18 met inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis.

RESULTS:
The total pooled results were based on random effects models and revealed a significant association between exposure to antidepressants during pregnancy and overall occurrence of poorer motor outcomes in children (effect size = 0.22; 95% confidence interval = 0.07 to 0.37) with a moderate degree of heterogeneity (I2 = 56.6%).

LIMITATIONS:
There was variation in the measurement both of exposure and motor development across the identified study, and few followed up to later childhood or beyond.

CONCLUSIONS:
A small increased risk of poorer motor development may exist for children who are exposed to antidepressant medications during pregnancy. However, the marked methodological variation among studies and the limited control for possible confounds warrants cautious interpretation of these findings.
Метод епізоотичної оцінки місцевості щодо іксодових кліщів
Authors: Gazzavi-Rogozinа L.V. , Tkachоv O.V. , Filiptsova O.V. , Naboka O.I. , Burlaka I.S. , Dyomina Y.V. , Pidgaina V.V. 
Published: June 2018

У статті описано розроблений метод епізоотичної оцінки місцевості щодо іксодових кліщів. Існує методика збору іксодових кліщів «на сухий лід». Методика полягає у тому, що на певній місцевості розстилають покривало на краях якого та посередині розміщують шматочки «сухого льоду», який випаровується вуглекислим газом, що і приманює іксодових кліщів на нижню частину покривала. Існує методика збору іксодових кліщів «на себе», яка є найбільш простою і не вимагає ніяких спеціальних пристроїв. Існує загальноприйнята методика збору кліщів на «прапор», або «волокушу». Після підрахунку іксодових кліщів роблять висновок щодо епідеміологічної безпечності тієї чи іншої місцевості у розрахунку на прапорокілометр. Методи епізоотичної оцінки місцевості щодо іксодових кліщів в Україні відсутні. Метою роботи було розробити метод епізоотичної оцінки місцевості щодо іксодових кліщів, який буде передбачати оцінку кількості кліщів не лише на прапорокілометрі, а також і на квадратному кілометрі досліджуваної місцевості. У 2014 році кількість іксодових кліщів на прапорокілометр за розробленим методом була на 23,8% (Р < 0,05) більшою, ніж при застосуванні загальноприйнятого способу. Кількість кліщів на людині була меншою на 89%, за умов використання розробленого нами способу. Епізоотична забрудненість іксодовими кліщами склала 344,67 ± 47,70/км2. У 2015 році кількість іксодових кліщів на прапорокілометр за розробленим методом була на 30,8% (Р < 0,001) більшою, ніж при застосуванні загальноприйнятого способу. За умов використання розробленого методу кліщів на людині взагалі не було виявлено. Епізоотична забрудненість іксодовими кліщами склала 610,00 ± 88,88/км2. У 2016 році кількість іксодових кліщів на волокуші за розробленим методом була на 15,98% (Р < 0,05) більшою, ніж при застосуванні загальноприйнятого способу. Водночас кліщів на людині за умов використання розробленого методу також не було виявлено. Епізоотична забрудненість іксодовими кліщами склала 888,33 ± 172,68/км2. Таким чином, розроблений новий метод епізоотичної оцінки місцевості щодо іксодових кліщів дозволяє підвищувати ефективність виявлення паразитів на прапорокілометрі у середньому на 23,53% (Р < 0,05–0,001). Дозволяє унеможливити ймовірність нападу іксодових кліщів на протикліщовий костюм людини завдяки триразовій обробки його репелентами. Розроблений новий метод уперше дозволяє провести епізоотичну оцінку місцевості щодо іксодових кліщів у розрахунку на км2.
Гістоструктура імунокомпетентних органів в курчат-бройлерів за дії аквацитрату мікроелементів
Authors: Medvid S.M. , Hunchak A.V. , Hmil E.P. 
Published: June 2018

У статті наведено дані щодо впливу композиції мікроелементів (Fe, Cu, Mn, Co, Zn) у формі наноаквацитрату на гістоструктуру імунокомпетентних органів. Встановлено, що введення до складу раціонів курчат-бройлерів мікроелементів у нанодисперстній формі у кількостях, що є значно нижчими за ті, що входять до складу мінеральних преміксів в органічній формі (10‒50%), забезпечує відповідний морфофункціональний розвиток тимусу, клоакальної сумки і селезінки. Маса цих лімфоїдних органів, особливо індекси їх маси в птиці дослідних груп, не зазнавали суттєвих відхилень, і лише в курчат першої дослідної групи, за умови введення нанобіометалів у високій (рівній кількості мікроелементів у молекулярній формі) дозі, відзначена тенденція до незначного зниження маси досліджуваних імунобіологічних органів. За макроскопічних досліджень з’ясовано, що тимус, клоакальна сумка і селезінка мали характерну анатомічну будову, відповідне забарвлення, пружну консистенцію. Мікроскопічно структура тимусу в птиці усіх дослідних груп була збережена, мала часточкову будову. Кіркова речовина займала більшу площу, була щільно заселена тимоцитами різних розмірів. Мозкова речовина була представлена лімфоцитами, макрофагами і епітеліоретикулоцитами, в тому числі тільцями Гасаля. Клоакальна сумка у курчат всіх груп була округлої форми, невеликих розмірів, світло-рожевого кольору, порожнистої структури, без вмістимого. При її мікроскопічному дослідженні гістоструктура цього органу була збережена. Клітинний склад представлений лімфоцитами і лімфобластами. Сполучнотканинні прокладки рельєфно відділяють фолікули. Однак у курчат, що отримували високу (1 : 1) і надто низьку (0,1 : 1) кількість аквацитрату біометалів, порівняно з хлористоводневими і сульфатними їх солями, спостерігали виражене зменшення розмірів і кількості часточок, клітинне спустошення паренхіми, потовщення сполучнотканинних прошарків та інфільтрацію клітинами різного гістіоцитарного ряду, що свідчило про виражений розвиток деструктивних змін та процесів інволюції органу. Селезінка макроскопічно у птиці дослідних груп мала округлу форму, темно-червоний колір, збережену структуру на розрізі. Мікроскопічно гістоструктура органу була збережена, з наявним поділом на червону і білу пульпу, наявністю малих і середніх лімфоцитів, лімфобластів і плазмоцидів у клітинному складі вузликів. Отже, введення до складу раціонів курчат-бройлерів мікроелементів в наноформі дозволяє досягти позитивного результату від їх дії в значно менших дозах, що є позитивним як в економічному, так і екологічному аспектах.
Quantitative changes in hemogram of bees using probiotic «Enteronormin»
Authors: Tushak S.F. 
Published: June 2018

The article considers the main quantitative changes in hemolymph cells under the action of the drug «Enteronormin» when fed with 50% sugar syrup during 10 days compared with the changes in the control group that received only sugar syrup. On the 3rd day, the hemogram of the bees that received the drug did not differ from the bees that received the sugar syrup only. Positive dynamics in the quantitative composition of the hemolymph was observed on the days 7–10. The number of phagocytic cells was 1.38% less than in the control group, and 2.0% of neutrophils less and 0.63–1.13% of eosinophils. The number of secretory cells increased, in particular, gliwocytes by 1.17% and 1.62%, respectively. It is noted that the medication «Enteronormin» has been extended to the extent of 3 days not a positive effect on the immune system of bees. Therefore, the drug «Enteronormin» should be fed for at least 7 days, taking into account the quantitative changes in hemocytes. On the twenty-first day the effect of the drug was preserved. The most appropriate term for drug feeding with the aim of activating the cellular immunity is defined to be 7–10 days.
Pathomorphological characteristic of immune organs for circovirus infection of piglets
Authors: Kotsyumbas G. , Shkil M. 
Published: June 2018

The article elucidates the results of pathoanatomical and histological searches of peripheral immune organs for circovirus infection of piglets. In one of the farms of Transcarpathian region among the pigs of 3–4 months of age were found clinically ill animals, blood was taken, serum test was performed and circiiros was diagnosed. The pathoanatomical autopsy of 12 corpses of piglets was done. During the autopsy of corpses macroscopic changes were studied and samples of mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen were taken, which were fixed in 10% neutral formalin, dehydrated in alcohols of increasing concentration, followed by sealing and filling with paraffin. From paraffin blocks, histological cuts were made, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, using the Van Gizon method. Light microscopy and photographing were performed using a Leica DM-2500 (Switzerland) microscope and Leica DFC450C cameras and the Leica Application Suite Version 4.4 software. For macroscopic examination, in all cases, hyperplasia of the spleen and serous-hemorrhagic lymphadenitis have been established. For histological examination of mesenteric lymph nodes in sick piglets with cirrhosis against a background of severe congestive hyperemia, diapedeous hemorrhages, exudation, there was a sharp decrease in the number of lymphocytes in the lymph nodes, activation of reticuloendothelial cells, transformation of them into epithelioid and formation of giant cells. The detection of polycarocytes in the lymph nodes of sick piglets on the circus is a morphological confirmation of the cytopathic effect of the virus. The histological search of the spleen of pigs for circovirus infection on the background of blood filling, edema of trabeculae, plasma permeation of vascular walls was marked by an intensive decrease in the number of white pulp cells, as evidenced by a sharp decrease in the lymph nodes themselves. The revealed histostructural changes indicated a depletion of the spleen, suppression of its generative function, and an immunosuppressive state of one of the organs of immunogenesis.
Morphology of the esophageal mucosa in long-eared owl and eurasian jay
Authors: Dyshlyuk N. 
Published: June 2018

The morphology of the esophageal mucosa in long-eared owl (Asio otus) and Eurasian jay (Garrulus glandarius) has been studied. Samples with exception of the region of the esophageal tonsil were obtained from 3 adult birds of each species. They were studied by light microscopy using classical methods of morphological research. The tissue samples were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and embedded in paraffin block and finally the section were cut at 5–10 µm thickness using sliding microtome and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, according to Van Gizon and Weigert and impregnated with silver nitrate according to Kelemen. The esophageal mucosa consisted of four layers: epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, and submucosa. The epithelium was stratified squamous and better developed in the cranial part of the esophagus. The lamina propria was represented by a loose connective tissue with small amount of elastic fibers. In the long-eared owl tightly located numerous small secretory sections of the esophagus glands organised in 1–3, and in branches of large folds up to 6 layers, were found. Their short excretory ducts opened to the surface of the mucosa. The muscularis mucosae was represented by a smooth muscle tissue with bundles of cells directed longitudinally and in some areas appeared to be absent. The submucosa was well developed, and as well as lamina propria was formed by a loose connective tissue with a large number of elastic fibers. In the submucosa of the Eurasian jay secretory departments of large, not tightly located, esophageal mucous glands were found. The esophageal mucosa of this birds formed well-developed folds, which were composed of all its layers. Their number in the long-eared owl was 20–25 and in the Eurasian jay – 5–9. The shape of folds on the transverse section is not the same: in the long-eared owl it was finger-shaped and leaf-shaped, but in the Eurasian jay it was wedge-shaped. Some large folds in the long-eared owl branched into the secondary mucosal folds. The height of folds in cranial part of the esophagus was larger than in caudal part. In both parts of the esophagus of long-eared owl the height of the large and middle folds was larger than that in the Eurasian jay. The height of small folds in the Eurasian jay was greater than that in the long-eared owl. In both parts of the esophagus of this birds, the fold’s width at the base exceeded its width at the top. In the Eurasian jay the width of base and top of large, medium and small folds was larger than that in the long-eared owl. The esophageal mucosa was poor on immune formations. They were represented by single accumulations of diffuse lymphoid tissue, and in the Eurasian jay – even by secondary lymphoid nodules.
Microstructural analysis of the quality of forcemeat in smoked sausages
Authors: Tishkina N.M. , Lieshchova M.O. , Іesina E.V. 
Published: June 2018

Sausage products are the main type of meat products due to their high nutritional value and energy content, high gustatory qualities, long storage conditions and the possibility of their consumption without heat treatment. The main condition for the possibility of meat products commercialization is to achieve their safety when consumed by people. Microstructural analysis of smoked sausages was carried out using the samples of high-grade quality smoked sausages «Moskovksa» and «Braunschweigska» that were selected by means of control purchases in the retail chains of Dnipro city (Ukraine) from various manufacturers. The veterinary and sanitary examination of smoked sausages included the identification of five organoleptic and four techno-chemical criteria to identify the quality of raw materials and the product itself. Histological studies of the samples of sausages and analysis of sausage mince were carried out. The study of microstructural analysis found that all samples of sausages are produced in compliance with organoleptic control standards and formulations prescribed in corresponding requirements documentation. It was established that the best sausage samples were «Moskovskaya» produced by meat-processing and packing plant of «Myasnaya Guildiya» trademark in Zhytomyr and «Braunschweigska» produced by «Alan» trademark. The analysis of sausage meat mass showed that manufacturers did not meet quantitative state ratio standards of aforementioned raw materials and the high-grade meat was replaced by low-grade canned or frozen meat. The smoked sausage forcemeat produced by «Alan» Ltd. mainly consist of rubbed meat, which may point to an attempt by the manufacturer to conceal the use of low-quality or low-grade raw materials. The smoked sausage samples of «Moskovskaya» produced by «Premia» trademark and «Braunschweigska» produced by «Farro» trademark exceeded the standard rate of fat tissue, while smoked sausages of «Dobrov» trademark exceeded the allowed content of the dense fibrous connective tissue.
Features of dogs treatment at fractures of peripheral skeleton
Authors: Dmitrijev V. 
Published: June 2018

The article deals with the results of research on the distribution of fractures of the bones of the peripheral skeleton in dogs depending on the breed, age, and also the features of treatment of animals in the fracture of the limb bones by the use of osteosynthesis in combination with composite materials, which contributes to the improvement of tactics and methods of injured dogs treating. It has been established that the largest percentage of fractures of the limb bones in dogs falls on young animals, but in general the age range is considerably wider and ranges from 4–5 months to 8 years. Treatment of dogs for fractures of limb bones is carried out by application of various methods of osteosynthesis. However, to prevent complications in the form of infection, the formation of adhesions, the slowing of osteogenesis, etc., use physical methods of stimulation of reparative osteogenesis (variable high-frequency electromagnetic field, low-intensity helium-neon laser irradiation, low-frequency ultrasound). Considering that osteosynthesis is an additional trauma that causes a higher reaction rate of the acute phase, a number of searches have found the feasibility of using pharmacological correction agents, in particular, «Collapan-L», «Biomin-GT», fibrin gel etc. Today optimization of reparative regeneration, in particular of the bones of the peripheral skeleton in dogs, is carried out at the expense of vitamin-mineral, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, hormonal and other groups of pharmacological preparations. However, in veterinary orthopedics the use of osteotropic materials to replace defects of bone tissue and stimulate reparative osteogenesis are devoted only a few research papers. Therefore, the development and implementation of new tactics and methods of treating of injured dogs by the combined use of osteosynthesis and new effective pharmacological medicines remains relevant.
Dental diseases in cats
Authors: Khomyn N.M. , Mysak A.R. , Iglitskej I.I. , Pritsak V.V. , Semeniyk N.V. , Nazaruk N.V. 
Published: June 2018

The article deals the results of searches on the prevalence, etiological factors and pathogenic mechanisms of certain dental diseases in cats. The analysis of literary data of domestic and foreign scientists testifies, that among dental diseases in cats the largest group consists of periodontal diseases. The changed type of feeding, the imbalance of the ration, the lack of complete self-cleaning of the teeth lead to a decrease in the immunobiological reactivity of the organism. Incorrect bite, deformation of the teeth, parodontopathy, etc. cause an animal's discomfort, cause complications in the cardiovascular, respiratory and other systems. Periodontopathies are registered, for the most part, in adult cats. The etiological factors of periodontal diseases are local and general. The starting mechanism of the inflammatory process in the peritoneal tissues is a violation of the ratio of various associations of microorganisms, the balance of which depends on the presence of dental plaque and dental stone. The results of research of many scientists testify that periodontal diseases are accompanied by complicated and profound disorders at the morphological level, as well as systemic changes in metabolic, biochemical, immunological and endocrine reactions. In the absence of prevention, untimely diagnosis of periodontal disease and the treatment of dental sick cats irreversible changes in the dental system of animals are developed. Diseases of the oral cavity in cats is one of the main causes of loss of teeth, the emergence of deformations, the formation of chronic foci beyond the oral cavity and the development of various forms of somatic pathology. Therefore, to prevent the development of periodontal disease and their complications in cats it is necessary to develop effective measures for the prevention of diseases of the parolont, and for stomatologically sick animals - methods of treatment with the use of new medicinal substances.