bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robotic dispensing improves patient safety, inventory management, and staff satisfaction in an outpatient hospital pharmacy
Authors: Rodriguez‐Gonzalez Carmen Guadalupe , Herranz‐Alonso Ana , Escudero‐Vilaplana Vicente , Ais‐Larisgoitia Maria Aranzazu , Iglesias‐Peinado Irene , Sanjurjo‐Saez Maria 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesImplementation of robotic systems in outpatient hospital pharmacies is uncommon. Other than cost, 1 of the barriers to widespread adoption is the lack of definitive evidence that this technology actually reduces dispensing errors and improves inventory management.ObjectiveTo identify the frequency of medication dispensing errors before and after the implementation of a robotic original pack dispensing system in an outpatient hospital pharmacy and to analyse the impact of this system on the quality of stock management and staff satisfaction.MethodsA prospective before‐and‐after medication error study was performed using a disguised observation technique. Several indicators of stock management and staff satisfaction were monitored.Drugs were dispensed manually by technicians using a barcode‐controlled system (preimplementation phase) or the dispensing robot ROWA Vmax (ARX) (postimplementation phase). As not all drugs could be handled by the robot, residual manual dispensing was also used.ResultsThe dispensing error rate was reduced from 1.31% of prescriptions (43/3284) to 0.63% (19/3004) (relative risk reduction [RRR], 51.7%; 95% CI, 17.3% to 71.8%). The error rate decreased up to 0.12% (3/2496) (RRR, 90.8%; 95% CI, 70.4% to 97.1%) if errors during residual manual dispensing were excluded. The stock‐out ratio was reduced from 0.85% to 0.17% (RRR, 80.5%; 95% CI, 49.5% to 92.5%). Daily staff time (median) in stock management was reduced by 59.3% (from 1 hour 36 minutes to 39 minutes). High level of staff satisfaction with this technology was achieved, although it was slightly higher in the group of pharmacists compared to technicians (8.63 ± 0.7 vs 7.78 ± 0.7, P = .046).ConclusionThe implementation of a robotic original pack dispensing system substantially decreased the rate of dispensing errors and optimized stock management. Minimizing the number of drugs out of the dispensing robot is critical when attempting to maximize the benefits of its implementation.
Fungal diversity and frequency carried by housefly (Musca domesticaL.) and their relation with stored grains in rural areas of Pakistan
Authors: Abid Muhammad , Chohan Sobia , Akram Shazia , Shah Rizwan M. , Hussain Sabir , Binyameen Muhammad , Shad Sarfraz A. , Perveen Rashida 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHousefly (Musca domesticaL.) contaminates food by transferring microbes. Fungi carried by houseflies cause postharvest losses by food spoilage produce mycotoxins and spread various infectious diseases in human beings and animals. This study was planned to determine the diversity and frequency of fungal species carried by houseflies and their relation with stored grains. Houseflies in the vicinity of stored wheat and rice grains were collected from the rural areas of four districts of Pakistan. Overall, 897, 631, and 687 fungal species were isolated from houseflies, rice, and wheat grains, respectively.AspergillusandFusariumspecies followed byAlternariaandPenicilliumspecies were found dominant in houseflies, rice, and wheat grains. Correlation analyses revealed a significant association between most of the fungal species isolated from houseflies, wheat, and rice grains. The study concludes that a strong correlation of fungi exists between stored grains and houseflies around the unhygienic storage places.Practical applicationsIt is highly important to understand the role of houseflies in spreading various fungal species to stored grains, particularly in our persisting rural grain storage system. Our study is first of its kind in which we have studied the correlation of fungal diversity and abundance between houseflies, wheat, and rice grains stored in the same vicinity/place/house. Our findings show a strong correlation in fungal diversity and abundance, isolated from flies and stored grains. This study demonstrates the role of houseflies in the dispersal of various fungal species to contaminate the stored grains. Therefore, appropriate measures should be taken to control the houseflies or their entrance to store houses. There is a strong need to give awareness and improve the grain storage system in houses, especially in rural areas, by food regulating authorities.
Use of the Antenatal Risk Questionnaire to Assess Psychosocial Risk Factors Associated with Risk for Postpartum Depression: A Pilot Study
Authors: Ruyak Sharon L. , Qeadan Fares 
Published: August 2018

IntroductionPostpartum depression is the most common complication of childbirth. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine use of the Antenatal Risk Questionnaire (ANRQ) to assess psychosocial risk factors associated with increased risk for the development of symptoms of postpartum depression.MethodsThis study was a prospective investigation of women during the third trimester of pregnancy. Women were recruited from a high‐volume collaborative obstetric and midwifery practice in a large academic tertiary‐care hospital. Participants were enrolled during their third trimesters of pregnancy and studied through 6 weeks postpartum. Surveys were completed for psychosocial risk (ANRQ), perceived stress, and symptoms of depression. Bivariate analysis was conducted and multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the effects of the predictor variables on the outcome variable, symptoms of depression at 6 weeks postpartum.ResultsThirty‐five women participated in the study. Prenatal ANRQ scores, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) scores, and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) scores were significantly correlated with EPDS scores at 6 weeks postpartum. In the multiple regression analysis, the prenatal ANRQ score was a significant predictor of the postpartum EPDS score, whereas the prenatal PSS and EPDS scores were not significant. This regression model explained 57% of the variance in symptoms of depression at 6 weeks postpartum.DiscussionKey past and present psychosocial risk factors experienced by women (measured by the prenatal ANRQ) were a significant predictor of postpartum depressive symptoms. In light of our results, use of the ANRQ in clinical practice warrants further exploration.
Network meta‐analysis comparing iFR versus FFR versus coronary angiography to drive coronary revascularization
Authors: Verardi Roberto , Fioravanti Francesco , Barbero Umberto , Conrotto Federico , Omedè Pierluigi , Montefusco Antonio , Moretti Claudio , D'Amico Maurizio , Rinaldi Mauro , Escaned Javier , D'Ascenzo Fabrizio 
Published: August 2018

AimsInstantaneous free‐wave ratio (iFR) has been recently demonstrated non‐inferior to fractional flow reserve (FFR) to drive coronary revascularization; however, no study has compared iFR versus coronary angiography (CA). We performed a network meta‐analysis to evaluate efficacy and safety of iFR‐ versus CA‐guided strategy.Methods and ResultsWe searched for randomized trials and studies with propensity score matching in The Cochrane Collaboration Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, and MEDLINE/Pubmed. CA, FFR, and iFR were the three competitive arms, MACE (a composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction [MI], and target vessel revascularization [TVR]) was the primary endpoint, while its single components the secondary ones. Subgroup analysis was performed for patients presenting with stable coronary artery disease. Eight studies were selected: 4126 patients were evaluated with FFR, 2160 with iFR, and 2214 with CA, acute coronary syndrome (ACS) was the most frequent admission diagnosis. After 12 months, rates of MACE and all‐cause death did not differ between groups (respectively OR 1.04 and OR 0.86 for iFR vs FFR). Both FFR and iFR reduced TVR compared to CA (respectively OR 0.68 and OR 0.70). In patients with stable CAD both FFR and iFR reduced risk of subsequent MI compared to CA (respectively OR 0.66 and OR 0.79).ConclusionCompared to CA alone, both FFR and iFR are safe and effective in guiding coronary revascularization at 12 months. In patients with stable CAD, both FFR and iFR‐guided revascularization reduce the risk of subsequent MI at 12 months.
Evaluation of the pungency intensity and time‐related aspects of Chinese Zanthoxylum bungeanum based on human sensation
Authors: Zhang Lu‐Lu , Xu Shan‐Shan , Shi Bo‐Lin , Wang Hou‐Yin , Liu Long‐Yun , Zhong Kui , Zhao Lei , Chen Zhong‐Xiu 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this study, the intensity of pungency and the time‐related aspects of nine samples of Zanthoxylum bungeanum from nine different provinces of China were determined, first via Scoville Pungency Units (SPU), then quantitative descriptive analysis, time intensity (TI), and temporal dominance sensation (TDS). The SPU of samples was determined as ranging from 38,000 to 460,000. Furthermore, the intensities of tingling, vibrating, salivating, burning, astringency, numbing, and bitterness in high‐performing SPU samples (measured at more than 150,000) were found to be much higher than in low SPU samples (less than 150,000). In this paper, TI results showed that the high area under the curve (AUC), high intensity of maximum (Imax) and long duration time (Ttot) in high SPU samples were more than 13,482.91, 42.05, and 900 s, respectively, while these values were as low as 4,201.06, 16.61, and 700 s, respectively, in the low SPU samples. TDS results demonstrated that the sequence of appearance of the dominant sensations in the oral cavity were similar for the different samples. It is especially noteworthy that the duration of the dominant sensations of vibrating, salivating, burning, and numbing were significantly higher in the high as opposed to the low pungency intensity samples.Practical applicationsChinese Zanthoxylum bungeanum has been used decades as a culinary spice and condiment within the catering and food industry. Sensory intensity and temporal changes in odor and flavor throughout the process of consumption are an integral part of the way in which humans perceive the sensory characteristics of food, and this quality thus merits further research. Knowledge regarding the pungency intensity and time‐related aspects of Chinese Z. bungeanum based on human sensation will not only benefit new methods for pungency evaluation, but also provide a scientific basis for flavor design, development of pungent food products, quality control, and consumer choice evaluations. High‐tech products based on Z. bungeanum from different geographical origins may also be developed according to their pungency characteristics.
Public policy, dynamic status preferences, and wealth inequality
Authors: Dioikitopoulos Evangelos V. , Turnovsky Stephen J. , Wendner Ronald 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis paper studies the effect of productive government spending (taxation) on aggregate savings behavior and its consequences for the dynamics of wealth inequality, taking into consideration key behavioral changes that occur during the process of economic development. Substantial empirical evidence suggests that during this process agents' preferences toward status (positional consumption) evolves according to the average wealth of the society. The sources of wealth include private capital and productive public capital, the latter financed by a distortionary income tax. This dynamic status effect impacts peoples' responses to tax policy in ways which contrast with those of the standard neoclassical model. Specifically, we find that in response to an increase in the income tax, in economies with a strong (weak) enough dynamic status effect, savings and inequality increase (decrease). Incorporating the behavioral changes to fiscal policy expands the set of mechanisms available to explain the observed variations of savings and wealth distribution dynamics that cannot be attributed to technological or other structural factors.
Widely distributed red algae often represent hidden introductions, complexes of cryptic species or species with strong phylogeographic structure
Authors: Díaz‐Tapia Pilar , Maggs Christine A. , Macaya Erasmo C. , Verbruggen Heroen 
Published: August 2018

Despite studies suggesting that most seaweeds are poor dispersers, many red algal species are reported to have circumglobal distributions. Such distributions have mostly been based on morphological identifications, but molecular data have revealed a range of issues with morphologically defined species boundaries. Consequently, the real distribution of such reportedly circumglobal species must be questioned. In this study, we analyzed molecular data sets (rbcL gene) of nine species in the Rhodomelaceae for which samples were available from widely spaced geographical locations. Three overall patterns were identified: (i) species showing strong phylogeographic structure (i.e., phylogenetic similarity correlates with geographical provenance), often to the point that populations from different locations could be considered as different species (Lophosiphonia obscura, Ophidocladus simpliciusculus, Polysiphonia villum, and Xiphosiphonia pinnulata); (ii) species with a broad distribution that is explained, in part, by putative human‐mediated transport (Symphyocladia dendroidea and Polysiphonia devoniensis); and (iii) non‐monophyletic complexes of cryptic species, most with a more restricted distribution than previously thought (Herposiphonia tenella, Symphyocladia dendroidea, and the Xiphosiphonia pennata complex that includes the species Xiphosiphonia pinnulata and Symphyocladia spinifera). This study shows that widely distributed species are the exception in marine red algae, unless they have been spread by humans.
A randomized controlled and long‐term linaclotide study of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation patients in Japan
Authors: Fukudo Shin , Miwa Hiroto , Nakajima Atsushi , Haruma Ken , Kosako Masanori , Nakagawa Ayako , Akiho Hiraku , Yamaguchi Yusuke , Johnston Jeffrey M. , Currie Mark , Kinoshita Yoshikazu 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundClinical testing was required to verify the effect of linaclotide 0.5 mg/d in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS‐C) in Japan.MethodsThis was a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled (Part 1) and long‐term, open‐label extension (Part 2) study of linaclotide at 60 hospitals and clinics in Japan. Patients with IBS‐C diagnosed using Rome III criteria (n = 500) were randomly assigned to linaclotide 0.5 mg (n = 249) or placebo (n = 251) for a 12‐week treatment period followed by open‐label treatment with linaclotide (n = 324) for an additional 40 weeks. The primary endpoints were the responder rate of global improvement of IBS symptoms and complete spontaneous bowel movement (CSBM) during 12 weeks. The secondary endpoints included responder rates of SBM and abdominal pain/discomfort relief.Key ResultsPart 1: The responder rates for global improvement and for CSBM frequency were significantly higher for linaclotide compared to placebo (P < 0.001). Secondary endpoints including responder rates for SBM and abdominal pain/discomfort relief in the linaclotide group were also significantly greater than those in the placebo group. Part 2: Patients switched from placebo to linaclotide showed similar responder rates for global improvement and CSBM frequency to those in patients who continued to receive linaclotide, supporting sustained efficacy. Diarrhea was seen in 14.5% of patients; all cases were mild or moderate.Conclusions and InferencesThis study suggests that a linaclotide dose of 0.5 mg is effective and safe for IBS‐C patients in Japan.
Canonical and noncanonical ethylene signaling pathways that regulate Arabidopsis susceptibility to the cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii
Authors: Piya Sarbottam , Binder Brad M. , Hewezi Tarek 
Published: August 2018

Summary

Plant‐parasitic cyst nematodes successfully exploit various phytohormone signaling pathways to establish a new hormonal equilibrium that facilitates nematode parasitism. Although it is largely accepted that ethylene regulates plant responses to nematode infection, a mechanistic understanding of how ethylene shapes plant–nematode interactions remains largely unknown.

In this study, we examined the involvement of various components regulating ethylene perception and signaling in establishing Arabidopsis susceptibility to the cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii using a large set of well‐characterized single and higher order mutants.

Our analyses revealed the existence of two pathways that separately engage ethylene with salicylic acid (SA) and cytokinin signaling during plant response to nematode infection. One pathway involves the canonical ethylene signaling pathway in which activation of ethylene signaling results in suppression of SA‐based immunity. The second pathway involves the ethylene receptor ETR1, which signals independently of SA acid to affect immunity, instead altering cytokinin‐mediated regulation of downstream components.

Our results reveal important mechanisms through which cyst nematodes exploit components of ethylene perception and signaling to affect the balance of hormonal signaling through ethylene interaction with SA and cytokinin networks. This hormonal interaction overcomes plant defense and provokes a susceptible response.
Early esophageal cancer: the significance of surgery, endoscopy, and chemoradiation
Authors: Mönig Stefan , Chevallay Mickael , Niclauss Nadja , Zilli Thomas , Fang Wentao , Bansal Ajay , Hoeppner Jens 
Published: August 2018

AbstractEarly carcinomas of the esophagus are histologically classified as adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma and microscopically subdivided into mucosal and submucosal carcinomas depending on infiltration depth. The prevalence of lymph node metastasis in mucosal carcinoma remains low. However, lymph node metastases arise frequently from tumors with submucosal infiltration, with increasing prevalence in the deeper submucosal sublayers. According to current German guidelines, endoscopic resection is the recommended treatment in mucosal adenocarcinoma without histologic risk factors (lymphatic invasion 1, vascular invasion 1, >grade 2, R1‐margin). In superficial submucosal infiltration without histologic risk factors, endoscopic resection can be considered. In squamous cell carcinoma, endoscopic resection is indicated up to middle layer mucosal carcinoma. Beyond these criteria, surgical resection should be considered. The gold standard is a subtotal transthoracic esophagectomy with two‐field lymphadenectomy. Total esophagectomy is performed in cervical esophageal carcinoma and transhiatal extended gastrectomy in carcinoma of the cardia. Minimally invasive procedures show good oncologic results and reduce the morbidity of radical esophagectomy. Reduced morbidity might be an argument for surgical resection in borderline cases between endoscopic and surgical resection. In early squamous cell cancer, the combination of endoscopic resection and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy is a therapeutic option with promising results.
Solving the Interface Problem Without Translation: The Same Format Thesis
Authors: Ferretti Gabriele , Caiani Silvano Zipoli 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this article, we propose a new account concerning the interlock between intentions and motor representations (henceforth: MRs), showing that the interface problem is not as deep as previously proposed. Before discussing our view, in the first section we report the ideas developed in the literature by those who have tried to solve this puzzle before us. The article proceeds as follows. In Sections 2 and 3, we address the views by Butterfill and Sinigaglia, and Mylopoulos and Pacherie, respectively, and argue that both solutions entail a translation between representational formats, which both accounts aim to avoid. In Section 4, we present our brand‐new claim, according to which intentions and MRs partially share the same motor format, inasmuch as executable action concepts are naturally represented in the agent's motor system together with the action's outcomes. Indeed, since intentions are constituted by executable action concepts and since there is evidence that action concepts are represented (and, thus, built) in the same motor format as action outcomes, the interlock between intentions and MRs no longer constitutes a problem. Then, in Section 5, we report empirical evidence in support of our claim, and before concluding, in Section 6 we briefly clarify our relations with two very recent accounts that criticized the proposals by Mylopoulos and Pacherie and Butterfill and Sinigaglia: Shepherd's and Burnston's. Finally, in Section 7, we offer some remarks about the philosophical idea defended here. The basic insight is that interface without translation is possible because action concepts are such stuff as MRs are made on.
Effects of emphysema on physiological and prognostic characteristics of lung function in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Yoon Hee‐Young , Kim Tae Hoon , Seo Joon Beom , Lee Sang Min , Lim Soyeoun , Lee Han Na , Kim Namkug , Han Minkyu , Kim Dong Soon , Song Jin Woo 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveCombined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) is characterized by preserved lung volume and slower lung function decline. However, it is unclear at what extent emphysema begins to impact respiratory physiology and prognostic characteristics in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). We estimated the extent of emphysema that could be used to define CPFE in IPF.MethodsThe extent of emphysema was observed on high‐resolution computed tomography scans and measured by a texture‐based automated quantification system in 209 IPF patients. We analysed the impact of differences in the extent of emphysema on the annual decline rate and prognostic significance of lung function parameters.ResultsThe extent of emphysema was ≥5% in 53 patients (25%), ≥10% in 23 patients (11%) and ≥15% in 12 patients (6%). Patients with emphysema to an extent of ≥5% were more frequently men and ever‐smokers; they had more preserved lung volume and lower forced vital capacity (FVC) decline rates than those with no or trivial emphysema. The FVC decline rate was a significant predictor of mortality in patients with no or trivial emphysema (hazard ratio (HR): 0.933, P < 0.001) and in patients with an extent of emphysema ≥5% (HR: 0.906, P < 0.001). However, diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) was the most significant prognostic factor in those patients with an extent of emphysema ≥10% (HR: 0.972, P = 0.040) and ≥15% (HR: 0.942, P = 0.023). A 10% cut‐off value for the extent of emphysema created the most significant difference in the annual FVC decline rate in IPF patients.ConclusionIn IPF, emphysema to an extent of ≥10% affects both the annual decline rate and the prognostic significance of FVC. This extent could be used to define CPFE.