bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermoresponsive Complex Coacervate‐Based Underwater Adhesive
Authors: Dompé Marco , Cedano‐Serrano Francisco J. , Heckert Olaf , van den Heuvel Nicoline , van der Gucht Jasper , Tran Yvette , Hourdet Dominique , Creton Costantino , Kamperman Marleen 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSandcastle worms have developed protein‐based adhesives, which they use to construct protective tubes from sand grains and shell bits. A key element in the adhesive delivery is the formation of a fluidic complex coacervate phase. After delivery, the adhesive transforms into a solid upon an external trigger. In this work, a fully synthetic in situ setting adhesive based on complex coacervation is reported by mimicking the main features of the sandcastle worm's glue. The adhesive consists of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes grafted with thermoresponsive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) chains and starts out as a fluid complex coacervate that can be injected at room temperature. Upon increasing the temperature above the lower critical solution temperature of PNIPAM, the complex coacervate transitions into a nonflowing hydrogel while preserving its volume—the water content in the material stays constant. The adhesive functions in the presence of water and bonds to different surfaces regardless of their charge. This type of adhesive avoids many of the problems of current underwater adhesives and may be useful to bond biological tissues.
High Efficiency Ultrathin Transmissive Metasurfaces
Authors: Akram Muhammad Rizwan , Mehmood Muhammad Qasim , Bai Xudong , Jin Ronghong , Premaratne Malin , Zhu Weiren 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMetasurfaces offer unprecedented freedom to manipulate electromagnetic waves at deeply subwavelength scales. However, realizing a highly efficient metasurface, yet simple enough to conceptualize, design, and fabricate, is a challenging task. In this paper, a novel approach is proposed for designing meta‐atoms which can achieve full phase control in the range 0–2 π with high efficiency in the transmission mode. In particular, a bilayer meta‐atom is designed, exploiting nearly perfect polarization conversion of the two orthogonal transmissions, whose transmission efficiency reaches as high as 85%. The transmission phase control in the circular polarization basis is achieved with the axial rotation of the proposed meta‐atom based on Pancharatnam–Berry phase principle. These meta‐atoms are then wielded to construct metasurfaces for generating vortex beams carrying orbital angular momentum. The conversion efficiency as high as 75% and a transmission efficiency of 55% are achieved for the realized metasurfaces.
2D Atomic Crystals: A Promising Solution for Next‐Generation Data Storage
Authors: Hou Xiang , Chen Huawei , Zhang Zhenhan , Wang Shuiyuan , Zhou Peng 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWith the rapid development of the information age, more and more new technologies such as big data and cloud computing are beginning to emerge. As a result, the demand for high data‐storage density is becoming more and more urgent. In the past 10 years, data‐storage density has been greatly improved by reducing the size of memory cells. However, as semiconductor technology nodes have shrunk, a number of problems have appeared in metal–oxide–semiconductor field‐effect transistor (MOSFET)‐based memory cells, such as gate‐induced drain leakage, drain‐induced barrier lowering, and reliability issues. Fortunately, due to their atomic thickness, high mobility, and sustainable miniaturization properties, 2D atomic crystals (2D materials) are considered the most promising substitute for silicon to solve those issues. This review investigates the use of 2D materials in nonvolatile and volatile memories, including MOSFET‐based memory, magnetic random‐access memory, resistive random‐access memory, dynamic random‐access memory, semi‐floating‐gate memory, and other novel memories.
Thermoelectric Performance of n‐Type Poly(Ni‐tetrathiooxalate) as a Counterpart to Poly(Ni‐ethenetetrathiolate): NiTTO versus NiETT
Authors: Wolfe Rylan M. W. , Menon Akanksha K. , Marder Seth R. , Reynolds John R. , Yee Shannon K. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe synthesis of the metal‐coordination polymer poly(nickel tetrathiooxalate) (NiTTO) is presented, which represents an alternative route to n‐type thermoelectric materials similar in nature to nickel ethenetetrathiolate (NiETT) polymers. The TTO monomer is synthesized through an electrochemical reduction of carbon disulfide, followed by coordination polymerization with a nickel(II) salt to yield a coordination complex polymer with a neutral repeat unit. An alkali metal counterion exchange and polymerization optimization are performed, and a thermoelectric power factor of 6 µW m−1 K−2 (electrical conductivity of over 10 S cm−1) is achieved for NiTTO composite films in a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) matrix. This is significantly higher than other reported n‐type polymers (and to within a factor of two of NiETT) and demonstrates the potential of NiTTO as a new thermoelectric material. Elemental analysis indicates a nearly neutral backbone structure in NiTTO with minimal charge balancing alkali ions, indicating that these polymers are more oxidized than NiETTs. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals a different coordination environment for NiTTO compared to NiETTs with the same alkali counterion, indicating that—despite their structural similarity in theory—these two materials are indeed different.
How to set‐up and perform contrast‐enhanced ultrasound
Authors: Necas Martin , Keating Jane , Abbott Grant , Curtis Nicole , de Ryke Rex , Hill Gerry 
Published: March 2019

AbstractContrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is an important part of current ultrasound imaging practice. Sonographers, radiologists and other sonologists should consider CEUS as a standard tool in the diagnostic toolbox of ultrasound and utilise it liberally to solve a wide range of imaging problems whilst reducing the need to resort to CT or MRI. Setting up a CEUS service is within easy reach of all motivated practitioners. The initial process requires assessment of the demand for CEUS, ensuring staff readiness, preparing administrative processes and obtaining CEUS supplies. The CEUS examination includes gaining informed consent, ensuring authorisation to administer contrast agent (preferably by means of a standing order), conventional pre‐scan of the area of interest, insertion of a peripheral IV cannula, preparation of the contrast agent, initiation of the contrast imaging mode, administration of the contrast agent, performance of the examination and aftercare. A number of other important considerations are discussed including cannulation and IV certification, scopes of practice for sonographers performing CEUS, contrast dosing, scheduling, training, interpretation, reporting and quality control.
Simultaneous quantification of propofol, ketamine and rocuronium in just 10 μL plasma using liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole mass spectrometry and its pilot application to a pharmacokinetic study in rats
Authors: Shopova Teodora , Kiefer Daniel , Wolf Beate , Maurer Felix , Sessler Daniel I. , Volk Thomas , Fink Tobias , Kreuer Sascha 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe combination of propofol, ketamine and rocuronium can be used for anesthesia of ventilated rats. However, reliable pharmacokinetic models of these drugs have yet to be developed in rats, and consequently optimal infusion strategies are also unknown. Development of pharmacokinetic models requires repeated measurements of drug concentrations. In small animals, samples must be tiny to avoid excessing blood extraction. We therefore developed a drug assay system using high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole mass spectrometry that simultaneously determines the concentration of all three drugs in just 10 μL rat plasma. We established a plasma extraction protocol, using acetonitrile as the precipitating reagent. Calibration curves were linear with R2 = 0.99 for each drug. Mean recovery from plasma was 91–93% for propofol, 89–93% for ketamine and 90–92% for rocuronium. The assay proved to be accurate for propofol 4.1–8.3%, ketamine 1.9–7.8% and rocuronium −3.6–4.7% relative error. The assay was also precise; the intra‐day precisions were propofol 2.0–4.0%, ketamine 2.7–2.9% and rocuronium 2.9–3.3% relative standard deviation. Finally, the method was successfully applied to measurement the three drugs in rat plasma samples. Mean plasma concentrations with standard deviations were propofol 2.0 μg/mL ±0.5%, ketamine 3.9 μg/mL ±1.0% and rocuronium 3.2 μg/mL ±0.8% during ventilation.
Plant Fiber Processing Using the Controlled Deformation Dynamic Mixer
Authors: Harvey Daniel H. S. , Mothersdale Thomas , Shchukin Dmitry , Kowalski Adam J 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe reduced energy consumption required by the controlled deformation dynamic mixer (CDDM) to process plant fibers is highlighted. Trials have been performed using current industrial mixers, and the products created were compared to those produced using the CDDM technology. Increasing pressure leads to a product of higher viscosity, which is more desirable as the fibers have greater structure development and take up more water. This is also observed with the comparison to current mixing technologies, but the energy consumption and pressure required to obtain products of equal viscosities is less when using CDDM technology.
Catalytic Effect of Hydrogen Peroxide in the Electrochemical Treatment of Phenolic Pollutants using a BDD Anode
Authors: Barrera Héctor , Roa‐Morales Gabriela , Balderas‐Hernández Patricia , Barrera‐Díaz Carlos E. , Frontana‐Uribe Bernardo A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPhenolic pollutants are recalcitrant substances that cannot be removed from wastewater using the current treatments. In this study, degradation of phenolic pollutants was studied on the basis of the application of hydrogen peroxide during the electrooxidation process using BDD as anode (EO−H2O2 coupled process). The process was optimized using 4‐chlorophenol (4‐CP) as model compound and later an emerging pollutant, Nonylphenol Ethoxylate‐10 (NP10EO), was degraded using the optimized experimental conditions found. To ascertain treatment effectiveness, experiments with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), electrooxidation (EO) and EO−H2O2 (coupled process) were carried out. The variables considered in this investigation were pH, current density, quantity of H2O2, and reaction time. It was observed that the coupled process (EO−H2O2) increases degradation efficiency, reaching 81.9 % for 4‐CP and 94.3 % for NP10EO. UV/VIS spectrophotometry, COD and HPLC analysis verified these results. The results of the analysis by cyclic voltammetry after the EO−H2O2 coupled process indicate that pollutants in the solution were efficiently oxidized. It was concluded that small amounts of hydrogen peroxide (250 μL 30 % w/v solution per 1.1 L) are sufficient to attain good results; larger amounts of H2O2 produce inhibitory effects during degradation. The slow cathode (SS) oxidation during the experiments was confirmed by XPS and AFM analysis.
Symmetric Supercapacitors Based on MnOOH‐Coated Nanoporous Carbon toward High Energy‐Storage Performance
Authors: Shi Xiaoze , Zhang Shuai , Chen Xuecheng , Tang Tao , Mijowska Ewa 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPseudocapacitors, one of the most efficient types of energy storage devices due to their high specific capacitance, could not provide adequate information for real applications with a half‐cell device. Therefore, this contribution describes the facile synthesis of hybrid materials based on nanoporous carbon (NPC) and MnOOH with outstanding capacitive performance in symmetric devices. Interconnected NPC with large surface area served as a conductive substrate for deposition of tunable amounts of MnOOH. NPC‐MnOOH electrodes can be scanned with a wide voltage window from 0 to 1.6 V without obvious hydrolysis. The two‐electrode supercapacitor NPC‐MnOOH//NPC‐MnOOH with 26.7 wt% of MnOOH shows the highest specific capacitance of 410 F g−1 and a maximum energy density of 33.5 Wh kg−1. It also shows 86 % retention even after 10 000 cycles. The beneficial properties proved the hybrid materials are suitable for a high‐voltage industrial device under optimal conditions.
Configurational analysis by residual dipolar couplings: A critical assessment of diastereomeric differentiabilities
Authors: Immel Stefan , Köck Matthias , Reggelin Michael 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTwo independent statistical models for evaluating the certainties of configurational assignments of compounds based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data are evaluated and compared. Both methods yield weights or probabilities with which two or more structure models (constitutional or configurational isomers or even conformers) could be differentiated based on experimental parameters. Although this paper focusses on the use of residual dipolar couplings (RDCs) for the differentiation of diastereomers, the concept can be expanded to any set of experimental NMR‐derived parameters. It is demonstrated that highly reliable configurational assignments crucially must depend on thorough statistical analysis, which is frequently neglected in the literature.
Discovery, Optimization, and Biological Characterization of 2,3,6‐Trisubstituted Pyridine‐Containing M4 Positive Allosteric Modulators
Authors: Schubert Jeffrey W. , Harrison Scott T. , Mulhearn James , Gomez Robert , Tynebor Robert , Jones Kristen , Bunda Jaime , Hanney Barbara , Wai Jenny Miu‐Chen , Cox Chris , McCauley John A. , Sanders John M. , Magliaro Brian , O'Brien Julie , Pajkovic Natasa , Huszar Agrapides Sarah L. , Taylor Anne , Gotter Anthony , Smith Sean M. , Uslaner Jason , Browne Susan , Risso Stefania , Egbertson Melissa 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHerein we describe the discovery and optimization of a new series of 2,3‐disubstituted and 2,3,6‐trisubstituted muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 4 (M4) positive allosteric modulators (PAMs). Iterative libraries enabled rapid exploration of one‐dimensional structure–activity relationships (SAR) and identification of potency‐enhancing heterocycle and N‐alkyl pyrazole substituents. Further optimization led to identification of the potent, receptor‐subtype‐selective, brain‐penetrant tool compound 24 (7‐[3‐[1‐[(1‐fluorocyclopentyl)methyl]pyrazol‐4‐yl]‐6‐methyl‐2‐pyridyl]‐3‐methoxycinnoline). It is efficacious in preclinical assays that are predictive of antipsychotic effects, producing dose‐dependent reversal of amphetamine‐induced hyperlocomotion in rats and mice, but not in M4 knockout mice. Cholinergic‐related adverse effects observed in rats treated with 24 at unbound plasma concentrations more than 3‐fold higher than an efficacious dose in the hyperlocomotion assay were fewer and less severe than those observed in rats treated with the nonselective M4 agonist xanomeline, suggesting a receptor‐subtype‐selective PAM has the potential for an improved safety profile.
Fast NMR Methods for Measuring in the Direct and/or Competition Mode the Dissociation Constants of Chemical Fragments Interacting with a Receptor
Authors: Dalvit Claudio , Parent Annick , Vallée Francois , Mathieu Magali , Rak Alexey 
Published: March 2019

AbstractLigand‐based NMR screening represents a powerful method in fragment‐based drug discovery for the identification of chemical matter interacting with the receptor of interest. The large dynamic range of these methods allows the detection of weakly binding ligands. However, the methodology has not been extensively used for quantifying the strength of these interactions. This knowledge is important for ranking fragments according to their binding strength and for prioritizing structure‐based and medicinal chemistry activities. Rapid NMR methods for measuring the dissociation constant in direct and competition modes are presented here. The theory underpinning these methods are presented, along with their application to the measurement of the binding affinities of several ligands of the heat shock protein 90.
Development of an Engineered Photoactive Yellow Protein as a Cross‐Linking Junction for Construction of Photoresponsive Protein‐Polymer Conjugates
Authors: Ui Mihoko , Miyauchi Yusuke , Inoue Masataka , Murakami Makoto , Araki Yasuyuki , Wada Takehiko , Kinbara Kazushi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBased on a bacterial blue light photoreceptor, photoactive yellow protein (PYP), we have developed a photoresponsive protein module, Hpg5‐PYP, bearing five alkynyl groups as reactive sites. We constructed a yellow‐colored photoresponsive protein–polymer conjugate by using covalently bonded Hpg5‐PYP with poly(N,N‐dimethylacrylamide‐co‐2‐hydroxy‐3‐azidopropyl methacrylate) (DMA‐HAZPMA copolymer). Hpg5‐PYP retained photoreactivity towards blue‐light irradiation in the conjugate, and the conjugate showed a photoresponsive viscosity change upon irradiation with blue light at 25 °C. In contrast, a mixture of Hpg5‐PYP and DMA‐HAZPMA copolymer prepared for reference did not show any dependency of the viscosity on light irradiation, indicating the importance of crosslinking.
Carbamate Synthesis Using a Shelf‐Stable and Renewable C1 Reactant
Authors: Dobi Zoltán , Reddy B. Narendraprasad , Renders Evelien , Van Raemdonck Laurent , Mensch Carl , De Smet Gilles , Chen Chen , Bheeter Charles , Sergeyev Sergey , Herrebout Wouter A. , Maes Bert U. W. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract4‐Propylcatechol carbonate is a shelf‐stable, renewable C1 reactant. It is easily prepared from renewable 4‐propylcatechol (derived from wood) and dimethyl carbonate (derived from CO2) using a reactive distillation system. In this work, the 4‐propylcatechol carbonate is used for the two‐step synthesis of carbamates under mild reaction conditions. In the first step, 4‐propylcatechol carbonate is treated with an alcohol at 50–80 °C in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst, such as Zn(OAc)2⋅2 H2O. With liquid alcohols, no solvent is used and with solid alcohols 2‐methyltetrahydrofuran is used as solvent. In the second step, the alkyl 2‐hydroxy‐propylphenyl carbonate intermediates obtained react with amines at room temperature in 2‐methyltetrahydrofuran, forming the target carbamates and the byproduct 4‐propylcatechol, which can be recycled into a carbonate reactant.
Male vocalizations convey information on kinship and inbreeding in a lekking bird
Authors: Cornec Clément , Robert Alexandre , Rybak Fanny , Hingrat Yves 
Published: March 2019

AbstractKinship and inbreeding are two major components involved in sexual selection and mating system evolution. However, the mechanisms underlying recognition and discrimination of genetically related or inbred individuals remain unclear. We investigated whether kinship and inbreeding information is related to low‐frequency vocalizations, “booms,” produced by males during their courtship in the lekking houbara bustard (Chlamydotis undulata undulata). Based on a captive breeding program where the pedigree of all males is known, we investigated the similarity of booms’ acoustic parameters among captive males more or less individually inbred and therefore genetically related with each other. In the wild, we investigated the relationship between the spatial distribution of males within leks and the similarity of acoustic parameters of their booms. In the captive population, we found (a) a relationship between the individual inbreeding level of captive males and their vocalization parameters; (b) that kin share similar frequency and temporal characteristics of their vocalizations. In the wild, we found no evidence for spatial structuring of males based on their acoustic parameters, in agreement with previous genetic findings on the absence of kin association within houbara bustard leks. Overall, our results indicate that genetic information potentially related to both the identity and quality of males is contained in their vocalizations.
Correlation between coal and gas outburst risk and adsorption properties of coal seams
Authors: Wang Fakai , Liang Yunpei , Zou Quanle 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBased on the Langmuir adsorption model, the adsorption constants of eighteen coal samples from the same coal mine with outburst risk, weak outburst risk, and non‐outburst risk were tested by high‐pressure capacity method under different temperature conditions. The results show that the adsorption constantsaandbmonotonically decrease with the increase in temperature. The relationship betweenaand temperature shows three stages: accelerated decreasing stage, decelerated decreasing stage, and stable stage. Thebdecreases with the increase in temperature also shows three stages, namely relative stability, slow decrease, and accelerated decrease. Thea × bfor the outburst coal seam decreases with increasing temperature, which is similar tob. Thea × bfor the weak and non‐outburst coal seams decreases with increasing temperature, which is similar toa. Furthermore, theaof the outburst coal seam decreases with the increase in temperature, and the decrease ofbis the largest. Theaof the weak and non‐outburst coal seams decreases with the increase in temperature, and the magnitude is relatively large. Thebdecreases slightly, with a smaller magnitude. Thea × bof weak outburst seam is smaller than that of non‐outburst seam and is larger than that of outburst seam. The achievements can provide guiding significance for coal and gas outburst prevention and control.
Direct One‐pot Synthesis of Carbon Supported Ag‐Pt Alloy Nanoparticles as High Performance Electrocatalyst for Fuel Cell Application
Authors: Fu T. , Zhang S. , Huang J. , Cai D. , Li J. , Zhao J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAg‐Pt alloy material is one of the most potential candidates to improve the catalytic activity of Pt‐based catalyst toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), which can reduce the dosage of the high‐cost metal Pt used in the cathode of fuel cells. But it is hard to synthesis Ag‐Pt alloy with nanosize in an easy and cheap way. In this study, the Ag‐Pt alloy nanoparticles supported on carbon (Ag‐Pt/C) with different Ag at.% were prepared by a facile one‐pot approach with low costs. The XRD, TEM and XPS measurements were applied to verify the alloy structure of Ag‐Pt nanoparticles. These Ag‐Pt/C samples showed enhanced mass activities and catalytic stabilities for the ORR, which was up to two times higher than that of the commercial Pt/C catalyst at 0.9 V (vs. reversible hydrogen electrode). Furthermore, the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) made from the Ag‐Pt/C catalyst also showed a higher power density in H2‐O2 fuel cell test compared to the MEA made from the commercial Pt catalyst. These enhancements are attributed to the higher utilization of Pt and the regulated oxygen adsorption energy of Pt in the surface, which was confirmed using the density function theory calculation.
Effect of Temperature and Solvent on the Structure of Amide Cavitands
Authors: Aroua Safwan , Ray Ankita , Ebert Marc‐Olivier , Yamakoshi Yoko 
Published: March 2019

AbstractConformational changes of amide cavitands A–C were investigated at varied temperatures and in several solvents. While cavitands A and B, with comparatively smaller substituents such as Et and iPr, were always in vase conformation in non‐polar solvents such as CDCl3, CD2Cl2, (D8)THF, and C6D6, their thermoswitching (vase to kite) was observed in polar solvents such as (D7)DMF and (D6)DMSO or in the presence of acid (TFA) and H‐bonding inhibitor (TFE). Intra‐ and interannular H‐bonds of A and B were clearly observed by low‐temperature 1H‐NMR spectra in CDCl3. No conformational change of cavitand C with bigger substituent (tBu) was observed under any tested temperature range and in polar or non‐polar solvents; C was always in the kite conformation.