bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Middle Paleocene to early Eocene sedimentological evolution of the central-eastern Sirt Basin (Libya): biostratigraphy and depositional environment
Authors: Vršič Aleš , Kallanxhi Mădălina-Elena , Baliniak Weronika , Gawlick Hans-Jürgen , Machaniec Elżbieta , Gharsalla Mohammed 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The depositional history of the central-eastern Sirt Basin of Libya during the Middle Paleocene to Early Eocene is characterised by the deposition of shallow-marine carbonates and hemipelagic claystone and marlstone. To gain a better understanding of the depositional history during this period, we dated the hemipelagic marlstones using planktonic foraminifera and calcareous nannoplankton to refine the stratigraphic relationships with the intercalated shallow-marine limestones. During the Danian, a broad carbonate shelf formed in the eastern sector of the basin. Transgression in the Early Selandian resulted in the deposition of claystones and limestones. The shallow-marine carbonate factory recovered rapidly during the Early-Middle Selandian, forming the Upper Sabil carbonate ramp, however, it became subaerially exposed and eroded in the shallowest areas. The resulting domal structures represent carbonate ramp erosional relics as demonstrated by biostratigraphic results combined with microfacies studies. Whereas in the deeper-water areas of the Upper Sabil carbonate ramp, the deposition was probably continuous throughout the Paleocene–Eocene, the shallow-marine limestones were exposed for about 6 Ma until they were drowned in the Early Eocene. A distinct argillaceous unit, with intercalated shallow-marine limestone beds, was deposited in the basinal areas between the domal structures during the Late Selandian–Thanetian stages. In this study, we define this deposits as the Intisar Formation. The overlying Late Paleocene/Eocene Harash Formation consists of shallow-marine limestones. This trangressive unit infilled the Upper Sabil paleotopography with a 2.5 Ma stratigraphic gap. The hemipelagic marlstone of the Kheir Formation was deposited above the Harash Formation and partly above the Upper Sabil paleotopography during the Ypresian, driven by the major sea-level rise following the Eocene Thermal Maximum-2 (ETM-2). Therefore, a substantial stratigraphic gap of at least 6 Ma is documented on the crest of the domal structures, which were subsequently overlain by the Kheir Formation.

Graphical abstract
Is MAGEC X better than earlier designs of magnetically controlled growing rod: an explant study
Authors: Joyce Thomas J. , Kandemir Goksu , Fender David , Bowey Andrew J. , Rushton Paul R. P. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Determine the performance of MAGEC X rods through retrieval analysis and comparison with clinical data.

Methods
A multicentre explant database was searched to identify cases using MAGEC X device. Clinical and surgical data was gathered prospectively. Prior to rod disassembly, rods underwent testing with an external remote controller to measure the force output.

Results
Eleven cases from 6 centres were identified. Implantation occurred at mean age 6.9 years with mean duration of implantation 42 months. Dual rod constructs were used in all but one case, providing 21 MAGEC X rods for explant analysis. Tissue metallosis was identified at revision surgery in 8/11 cases (73%). Of the 21 rods, 13/21 (62%) produced no force while 8/21 (38%) produced the force stated by the manufacturer. Endcap separation was seen in 5/21 (24%) rods. Where full disassembly was possible, 13/14 (93%) rods had an intact locking pin. Average rod growth was 18 mm (range 2–45 mm), equivalent to 5.1 mm per year. Wear debris was found within 20/21 (95%) MAGEC X rods.

Conclusion
Despite the substantial design changes with MAGEC X tissue metallosis was seen in most cases; most explanted MAGEC X rods had lengthened only partially and produced no force output. While the previous issue of locking pin fracture appears to have been mitigated with MAGEC X, there are multiple other and new failure modes, such as endcap separation. Overall MAGEC X appears to give little improvement over earlier iterations of the rod.
Evaluating priority strategies for decarbonising offshore wind turbine blades through lifecycle assessment
Authors: Pender Kyle , Romoli Filippo , Bacharoudis Konstantinos , Greaves Peter , Fuller Jonathan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
While offshore wind is at the early stage of expansion, global capacity is expected to increase rapidly, reaching 330 GW by 2031. This work uses lifecycle assessment (LCA) to evaluate the opportunity for offshore wind energy decarbonisation through wind blade sustainable developments. The findings from the LCA are used to give informed recommendations towards priority areas of development across the blade lifecycle, that are critical to accelerate the sector’s transition towards net-zero targets. The production of raw materials was found to be the largest contributor to cradle-to-gave global warming potential (GWP). The sector should prioritise the utilisation of more sustainable materials, with an emphasis on the decarbonisation of carbon fibre production. Waste produced during blade manufacturing alone accounts for 10% of the blade’s GWP; therefore, increasing the material efficiency in this phase of the lifecycle is a significant opportunity for blade decarbonisation and should be a focus for the sector going forward. O&M was found to be the second largest contributor to GWP, with full decarbonisation of O&M practices potentially realising an 8% reduction in GWP. A range of alterative blade material scenarios were analysed, finding that recyclable resin systems have the greatest potential to decarbonise offshore blades. There are currently no commercial recycling operations for these resins therefore scale up of the recycling technologies is needed before they can be recycled in practice. Additionally, the development of low impact, economically viable circular solutions for legacy blade waste must be an immediate priority for the wind energy sector, given the anticipated exponential growth in global wind turbine blade waste generation.

Graphical abstract
Upscaling the contribution of crab burrows to mangrove ecosystem functioning in French Guiana (South America)
Authors: Michaud Emma , Aschenbroich Adelaide , Stieglitz Thomas , Brunier Guillaume , Aller Robert Curwood , Anthony Edward , Fromard François , Thouzeau Gérard 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBurrow characteristics and bioturbation activities of benthic organisms play a key role in mangrove ecosystem biogeochemical and sedimentary functioning. In this study, we aimed to understand how small-scale topographic variations in a mud bank might influence burrow morphology and distribution in a French Guiana pioneer mangrove system (Sinnamary estuary), and to upscale spatial patterns using remote sensing. We used burrow resin casting and sediment conductivity measurements to depict subsurface 3D burrow structures. We found that the spatial heterogeneity of burrow sizes (small, medium, large) and morphologies (simple I- and J-shape, complex geometries) depended on the geomorphic units within mudflats (platform, channel, depression). The aperture areas of burrow casts were used to predict the volume and complexity of each burrow type, enabling us to use drone-derived burrow opening distribution maps to calculate burrow volumes and complexity at the mudflat scale. There are clear associations between tidal channels and depressions and voluminous, multi-aperture, complex and multi-species burrows. In contrast, simple I- and J-shaped burrows inhabited by single species were mainly found on platforms. These relationships lead to a comparatively large volume of tidal-irrigated and deeply aerated sediments connected to channels and depressions compared to platform areas. We suggest that, depending on their morphology and connectivity with the topography, burrows may exhibit differences in biogeochemical functioning depending on the geomorphic unit. We warn against generalizing the functioning of mangrove ecosystems across geomorphic units where impacts may differ. Further studies are needed to understand how different burrow morphologies and life cycles may alter hydrological, sedimentary and biogeochemical functioning.
Readability of online government information about welfare rights and benefits: the Israeli case
Authors: Elek-BenMoshe Frida , Rafaeli Sheizaf 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study examines the readability of government information about social benefits and rights concerning citizens’ engagement. Such information is often obscured and hard to find and, therefore, sometimes less accessible to those who mostly need it. How will readability characteristics affect engagement measures as attesting to information comprehension? This article addresses this question by analyzing year-long usage data records of an Israeli national rights website. We tested readability components to determine how they perform, and whether they affect engagement measures as evidence of comprehension. Analysis using the classic Flesch-Kincaid readability formula shows that most texts on the website are suitable for the college level. Furthermore, as the information was less readable, people spent more time on the page, and there was less bounce rate. Conversely, we found a positive correlation between exit percentage and readability measures. The results raise questions about the Flesch-Kincaid formula and the engagement measures’ relevance to information about benefits and rights, and highlight the need for a Hebrew-adapted readability formula. Further research directions are suggested.
Tumor-immune hybrid cells evade the immune response and potentiate colorectal cancer metastasis through CTLA4
Authors: Tanjak Pariyada , Chaiboonchoe Amphun , Suwatthanarak Thanawat , Thanormjit Kullanist , Acharayothin Onchira , Chanthercrob Jantappapa , Parakonthun Thammawat , Methasate Asada , Fischer Jared M. , Wong Melissa H. , Chinswangwatanakul Vitoon 
Published: November 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the metastatic cascade is critical for the treatment and prevention of cancer-related death. Within a tumor, immune cells have the capacity to fuse with tumor cells to generate tumor-immune hybrid cells (THCs). THCs are hypothesized to be a subset of cancer cells with the capacity to enter circulation as circulating hybrid cells (CHC) and seed metastases. To understand the mechanism of THC metastasis, we investigated CHCs in peripheral blood from patients with stage IV colorectal cancer (CRC), as well as THCs in tissues of primary colorectal cancers and their liver metastasis sites using immunofluorescence, spatial proteomic, spatial transcriptomic, molecular classification, and molecular pathway analyses. Our findings indicated a high prevalence of CHCs and THCs in patients with stage IV CRC. THCs expressed CTLA4 in primary CRC lesions and correlated with upregulation of CD68, CD4, and HLA-DR in metastatic liver lesions, which is found in the consensus molecular subtype (CMS) 1 of primary CRC tissue. Pathway analysis of these genes suggested that THCs are associated with neutrophils due to upregulation of neutrophil extracellular trap signaling (NET) and neutrophil degranulation pathways. These data provide molecular pathways for the formation of THCs suggesting fusion with neutrophils, which may facilitate extravasation and metastatic seeding.
Grazing for dollars: responsible investing for healthy and sustainable animal agriculture in Australia
Authors: Sievert Katherine , Carey Rachel , Parker Christine , Robinson Ella , Sacks Gary 
Published: November 2024

AbstractInvestments by the global finance sector contribute to industrial-scale agriculture along with its harmful environmental impacts, making their actions significant in supporting or opposing sustainable food systems transformation. Previous research has shown that institutional investors identify animal agriculture as an important consideration with respect to environmental, social and governance (ESG) issues regarding sustainable food systems. This study aimed to explore ways in which so-called ‘responsible’ investors in Australia consider risks related to animal agriculture, and whether existing ESG metrics are ‘fit-for-purpose’ for assessing issues related to sustainable animal agriculture. Nineteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with responsible investors and relevant non-government organisations (NGOs) in Australia. We found that the responsible investment sector lacked mechanisms to recognise the inter-connections between animal agriculture and multiple environmental and social outcomes. Furthermore, we found that investors largely focused on ‘techno’ solutions to the impacts of animal agriculture, such as alternative proteins, through a ‘single issue’ lens. They rarely made connections to other relevant ‘food systems’ issues, such as health. We conclude that holistic approaches are needed to monitor and assess the impacts of animal agriculture in the investment sector and suggest that integrated ‘food systems’ metrics will be necessary to inform these approaches.
Meta-analysis of spatial genetic patterns among European saproxylic beetles
Authors: Krovi Rama Sarvani , Amer Nermeen R. , Oczkowicz Maria , Kajtoch Łukasz 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The phylogeography of many forest-dwelling species in Europe is well understood. However, our knowledge regarding the genetics of saproxylic beetles remains insufficient. This knowledge gap extends to understanding the influence of both quaternary history and contemporary forest dynamics on population genetics. To fill this gap, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of recent literature concerning saproxylic beetle taxa with available genetic data. We include both threatened and common species in our study, which enabled us to generalize our findings to the whole saproxylic community. Results suggest a latitudinal decrease in diversity in most species, likely influenced by Pleistocene glaciation and subsequent population expansions from southern refugia. Additionally, we observed an east–west gradient in diversity, with threatened species exhibiting higher diversity towards the east. This may reflect historical forest dynamics and anthropogenic pressures, such as heavy wood logging in Western Europe. Similarly, we found a pattern along altitude, with populations in higher elevation forests, which are often more natural, exhibiting higher diversity. Furthermore, we identified distinct phylogenetic units or genetic clusters in southern Europe reflecting the distribution of glacial refugia. For some taxa, distinct units were also reported in eastern Europe where populations spread from Asian refugia. Central Europe showed a high number of phylogenetic units, although unique (private) clades or clusters were absent. Most likely it is an effect of the presence of beetles that originated from various refugia belonging to different phylogenetic units.
This study brings insights into general phylogeographic patterns, which have previously been examined only for single representatives of saproxylic beetles. It should also help in the proper planning of conservation and management efforts for wood-dwelling beetles.
Regional differences in soil stable isotopes and vibrational features at depth in three California grasslands
Authors: Wahab L. M. , Chacon S. S. , Kim S. L. , Berhe A. A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThere are major gaps in our understanding of how Mediterranean ecosystems will respond to anticipated changes in precipitation. In particular, limited data exists on the response of deep soil carbon dynamics to changes in climate. In this study we wanted to examine carbon and nitrogen dynamics between topsoils and subsoils along a precipitation gradient of California grasslands. We focused on organic matter composition across three California grassland sites, from a dry and hot regime (~ 300 mm precipitation; MAT: 14.6 $$\boldsymbol{^\circ{\text{C}} }$$

∘

C

) to a wet, cool regime (~ 2160 mm precipitation/year; MAT: 11.7 $$\boldsymbol{^\circ{\text{C}} }$$

∘

C

). We determined changes in total elemental concentrations of soil carbon and nitrogen, stable isotope composition (δ13C, δ15N), and composition of soil organic matter (SOM) as measured through Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transformed Spectroscopy (DRIFTS) to 1 m soil depth. We measured carbon persistence in soil organic matter (SOM) based on beta ($${\varvec{\beta}}$$

β

), a parameter based on the slope of carbon isotope composition across depth and proxy for turnover. Further, we examined the relationship between δ15N and C:N values to infer SOM’s degree of microbial processing. As expected, we measured the greatest carbon stock at the surface of our wettest site, but carbon stocks in subsoils converged at Angelo and Sedgwick, the wettest and driest sites, respectively. Soils at depth (> 30 cm) at the wettest site, Angelo, had the lowest C:N and highest δ15N values with the greatest proportion of simple plant-derived organic matter according to DRIFTS. These results suggest differing stabilization mechanisms of organic matter at depth across our study sites. We infer that the greatest stability was conferred by associations with reactive minerals at depth in our wettest site. In contrast, organic matter at our driest site, Sedgwick, was subject to the most microbial processing. Results from this study demonstrate that precipitation patterns have important implications for deep soil carbon storage, composition, and stability.
Flood-induced mobility in rural and urban coastal jurisdictions: a homeowner’s perspective
Authors: Bukvic A. , Zobel C. W. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCoastal flooding often exceeds homeowners’ capacity to cope with repetitive damages and profoundly disrupts their livelihoods. Permanent relocation has been proposed as a solution for some coastal areas experiencing recurrent flooding and anticipating acceleration of impacts. However, it is unclear if homeowners living in such areas would support this strategy, where they would choose to go, and why. This study evaluates the willingness to relocate and the reasoning behind it among rural and urban homeowners residing in coastal high-risk areas. The rural versus urban comparison explores how attitudes toward relocation differ between these settings with distinct sociodemographic, economic, and cultural profiles. A mail survey administered on the Eastern Shore, Maryland, and in the Hampton Roads metropolitan area, Virginia, measured how willingness to relocate differs across the socioeconomic spectrum, prior flood exposure, concerns with flood impacts, and preferences for relocation destination. The survey responses were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results show that more than one-third of respondents would consider relocating. The willingness to relocate was marginally influenced by socioeconomic factors and flood experiences and instead was significantly correlated with the risk of disastrous flooding, inadequate insurance compensation, and worsening crime. However, data show a clear shift in relocation support and the distance of the preferred destination from minor to significant flooding. Rural respondents are slightly less likely to relocate than urban ones. Descriptive statistics indicate nuanced differences in flood experiences, reasons to relocate, and preferences for a new destination between rural and urban populations.
Effective Human Oversight of AI-Based Systems: A Signal Detection Perspective on the Detection of Inaccurate and Unfair Outputs
Authors: Langer Markus , Baum Kevin , Schlicker Nadine 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLegislation and ethical guidelines around the globe call for effective human oversight of AI-based systems in high-risk contexts – that is oversight that reliably reduces the risks otherwise associated with the use of AI-based systems. Such risks may relate to the imperfect accuracy of systems (e.g., inaccurate classifications) or to ethical concerns (e.g., unfairness of outputs). Given the significant role that human oversight is expected to play in the operation of AI-based systems, it is crucial to better understand the conditions for effective human oversight. We argue that the reliable detection of errors (as an umbrella term for inaccuracies and unfairness) is crucial for effective human oversight. We then propose that Signal Detection Theory (SDT) offers a promising framework for better understanding what affects people’s sensitivity (i.e., how well they are able to detect errors) and response bias (i.e., the tendency to report errors given a perceived evidence of an error) in detecting errors. Whereas an SDT perspective on the detection of inaccuracies is straightforward, we demonstrate its broader applicability by detailing the specifics for an SDT perspective on unfairness detection, including the need to choose a standard for (un)fairness. Additionally, we illustrate that an SDT perspective helps to better understand the conditions for effective error detection by showing examples of task-, system-, and person-related factors that may affect the sensitivity and response bias of humans tasked with detecting unfairness associated with the use of AI-based systems. Finally, we discuss future research directions for an SDT perspective on error detection.
From Adam Smith to artificial intelligence: an experimental exploration of emotion in humanomics
Authors: Qin Xiangdong , Wang Siyu , Wu Mike Zhiren , Feng Xuechun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study examines whether individuals can effectively express their emotions or “fellow feelings” to a machine, an impartial observer, or individuals who have caused them harm, and the effects of these emotional expressions on behavior. Our findings indicate that the impartial observer is the most preferred outlet for emotional expression, with neither the machine nor the offending party being able to adequately fulfill this role. Negative emotions are more commonly expressed to an impartial observer and a machine, whereas positive emotions are more often directed toward the offending party. Additionally, our findings indicate that emotional expression cannot replace costly punishment and that communication channels do not affect the behavior of the offending party. By exploring the nuanced ways emotions are conveyed, our study offers valuable insights into the evolving discourse on the impact of emotions on human-AI interactions.