bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parent-Reported Child Reactions to the September 11, 2001 World Trade Center Attacks (New York USA) in Relation to Parent Post-Disaster Psychopathology Three Years After the Event
Authors: Pfefferbaum Betty , Simic Zorica , North Carol S. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroductionParents are a primary support for children following disasters, even though they face numerous challenges in addressing the physical and social consequences of an event. Parents who are directly exposed to a disaster and those who develop psychiatric disorders post-event are likely to be especially challenged and may be limited in their ability to support their children. This Brief Report describes a pilot study of survivors of the September 11, 2001 World Trade Center (New York USA) attacks who reported their own psychosocial consequences and the reactions of their children three years post-event.HypothesesThe primary hypothesis of the study was that children’s September 11th reactions would be associated with their parents’ psychiatric status. Secondary hypotheses were that the children’s disaster reactions would be associated with direct exposure to the disaster in children and/or their parents, parent-child separation due to the disaster, and disaster-related school absence.MethodsApproximately three years after the 2001 World Trade Center attacks, 116 parents recruited from disaster-affected or disaster-related organizations were assessed using structured diagnostic interviews and queried about their children’s (188 youths, aged three to 17 years at the time of the attacks) posttraumatic stress symptoms and behavioral changes.ResultsAlmost one-half of the parents had a post-disaster psychiatric disorder, including major depression in 27% and disaster-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in 11%. More than three-fourths of the children had at least one disaster-related posttraumatic stress symptom, and more than one-half experienced at least one post-disaster behavior change. A minority of the children were reported to have increased school behavior problems or a decline in their grades. Key correlates of children’s disaster-related posttraumatic stress symptoms and post-disaster behavior changes were parent-child separation due to the disaster and parental post-disaster psychiatric disorders.ConclusionBecause parents provide primary caretaking and support for children post-disaster, addressing the needs of parents is critical to their ability to assist their children. Reducing parents’ symptoms should increase their emotional availability and enhance their ability to address the needs of their children. Given the challenges in providing disaster interventions directly to children, especially when resources are limited, addressing parent psychopathology and distress (even in the absence of focusing on children’s symptoms) may benefit children.PfefferbaumB, SimicZ, NorthCS. Parent-reported child reactions to the September 11, 2001, World Trade Center attacks (New York USA) in relation to parent post-disaster psychopathology three years after the event. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2018;33(5):558–564.
Hungarian Managed Care initiatives between 2000 and 2007: regional health outcomes of the Hungarian Care Organizations
Authors: Móczár Csaba , Rurik Imre 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
In Hungary, since 1990, each government has tried to transform and rationalize the structure of health care. One of the reforms was the Care Managing Organization (CMO) programme introduced in 1999.

Objectives
The aim of this paper is to describe the regional, environmental, structural and preliminary health related outcomes of the CMO in Bács-Kiskun County (Central-Eastern Hungary).

Methods
First, cardiovascular screening programmes were organized for pre-screened and randomly selected populations of a total of 4462 persons. Seven years after completing the programmes, regional mortality data were analysed and compared. Second, nutritional and lifestyle counselling programmes with increased physical activity were organized for 2489 overweight or obese patients from the participating primary care practices. Anthropometric and laboratory data were examined after one and two years.

Results
First, for persons with higher cardiovascular risk, appropriate medical treatment was introduced, and after seven years, their mortality rates proved better than the regional and national data. Second, almost all measured anthropometric parameters improved (body mass index, body weight decrease) after the first year and this trend lasted till the end of the second year.

Conclusions
According to the data of the National Health Insurance Fund, the average savings rate for all CMOs for the fiscal years 1999–2007 was 4.94%. The highest rates of savings were realized in chronic and acute inpatient care and medical devices. In the end of 2008, by which time 14 CMOs had already covered 2.1million people, the programme was discontinued by the government, without a comprehensive evaluation of the experience and outcomes.
Primary care chaplaincy: an intervention for complex presentation
Authors: Macdonald Gordon W. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Aim
To determine the responsiveness of primary care chaplaincy (PCC) to the current variety of presenting symptoms seen in primary care. This was done with a focus on complex and undifferentiated illness.

Background
Current presentations to primary care are often complex, undifferentiated and display risk factors for social isolation and loneliness. These are frequently associated with loss of well-being and spiritual issues. PCC provides holistic care for such patients but its efficacy is unknown in presentations representative of such issues. There is therefore a need to assess the characteristics of those attending PCC. The effectiveness of PCC relative to the type and number of presenting symptoms should also be analysed whilst evaluating impact on GP workload.

Methods
This was a retrospective observational study based on routinely collected data. In total, 164 patients attended PCC; 75 were co-prescribed antidepressants (AD) and 89 were not (No-AD). Pre- and post-PCC well-being was assessed by the Warwick–Edinburgh mental well-being score. Presenting issue(s) data were collected on a separate questionnaire. GP appointment utilisation was measured for three months pre- and post-PCC.

Findings
Those displaying undifferentiated illness and risk factors for social isolation and loneliness accessed PCC. PCC (No-AD) was associated with a clinically meaningful and statistically significant improvement in well-being in all presenting issues. This effect was maintained in those with multiple presenting issues. PCC was associated with a reduction in GP appointment utilisation in those not co-prescribed AD.
Stability of non-proteinogenic amino acids to UV and gamma irradiation
Authors: Rowe Laura , Peller Julie , Mammoser Claire , Davidson Kelly , Gunter Amy , Brown Bayland , Dhar Shilpa 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAlmost all living organisms on Earth utilize the same 20 amino acids to build their millions of different proteins, even though there are hundreds of amino acids naturally occurring on Earth. Although it is likely that both the prebiotic and the current environment of Earth shaped the selection of these 20 proteinogenic amino acids, environmental conditions on extraterrestrial planets and moons are known to be quite different than those on Earth. In particular, the surfaces of planets and moons such as Mars, Europa and Enceladus have a much greater flux of UV and gamma radiation impacting their surface than that of Earth. Thus, if life were to have evolved extraterrestrially, a different lexicon of amino acids may have been selected due to different environmental pressures, such as higher radiation exposure. One fundamental property an amino acid must have in order to be of use to the evolution of life is relative stability. Therefore, we studied the stability of three different proteinogenic amino acids (tyrosine, phenylalanine and tryptophan) as compared with 20 non-proteinogenic amino acids that were structurally similar to the aromatic proteinogenic amino acids, following ultraviolet (UV) light (254, 302, or 365 nm) and gamma-ray irradiation. The degree of degradation of the amino acids was quantified using an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS). The result showed that many non-proteinogenic amino acids had either equal or increased stability to certain radiation wavelengths as compared with their proteinogenic counterparts, with fluorinated phenylalanine and tryptophan derivatives, in particular, exhibiting enhanced stability as compared with proteinogenic phenylalanine and tryptophan amino acids following gamma and select UV irradiation.
Circulating maternal and umbilical cord steroid hormone and insulin-like growth factor concentrations in twin and singleton pregnancies
Authors: Houghton L. C. , Lauria M. , Maas P. , Stanczyk F. Z. , Hoover R. N. , Troisi R. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn addition to being associated with a higher risk of complications during pregnancy, twinning may also be a proxy for altered hormonal exposure for mothers and twin offspring, with implications for their health later in life. We compared maternal and fetal steroid hormone and insulin-like growth factor concentrations between singleton (n=62) and twin (n=41) pregnancies. Maternal concentrations of androgens, estrogens, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, IGF-binding protein (BP)-3 and prolactin were quantified during the third trimester and at delivery, as well as in the fetal circulation at birth. Geometric means accounting for gestational age were calculated for hormone concentrations and compared between matched twin and singleton pregnancies. Most maternal hormone concentrations were modestly higher in twin than in singleton pregnancies in the third trimester (ranging from 8.3% for IGF-1 to 17.1% for estradiol) and at delivery (ranging from 11.1% for IGFBP-3 to 15.2% for estriol). Cord serum hormones were generally similar in twin and singleton pregnancies, except for IGFBP-3, which was 200% lower in twins. The modest differences in maternal hormones in late gestation seem unlikely to explain alterations in hormonally related disease risk in mothers of twins compared with singletons. The large deficit of IGFBP-3 in the fetal circulation of twins at birth may allow for sufficient concentrations of IGF-2 for growth and development in an environment of shared nutritional resources.
Numerical Modeling of Injection‐Induced Earthquakes Using Laboratory‐Derived Friction Laws
Authors: Cueto‐Felgueroso Luis , Vila Cristina , Santillán David , Mosquera Juan Carlos 
Published: October 2018

AbstractModeling injection‐induced earthquakes requires coupling porous media flow, rock mechanics, and fault friction. Highly nonlinear laboratory‐derived constitutive laws for fault friction pose a major challenge for computational models that couple flow and geomechanics. We present a finite element formulation to simulate injection‐induced earthquake sequences in rate‐and‐state faults embedded in poroelastic media. We simulate all phases of the stick‐slip cycle: from fault reactivation as pressure accumulates near the fault, to earthquake nucleation phase, coseismic rupture propagation and interseismic periods. Our simulations are quasi‐dynamic: we neglect inertia, and adopt the so‐called radiation damping approximation. We perform validation and verification tests based on a simple spring‐block analog that allows straightforward comparison between our 2‐D finite element model and the single‐degree‐of‐freedom dynamics. We also verify our frictional contact algorithm by simulating injection‐induced earthquakes on a slip‐weakening strike‐slip fault. We finally study the impact of different rate‐and‐state laws (aging and slip laws), as well as the role of the degree of poroelastic coupling, by varying the Biot coefficient. We characterize the undrained pressure response triggered by the fast propagation of rupture fronts. Undrained pressure changes during rupture act as an additional coseismic weakening mechanism, controlling the propagation or arrest of the rupture fronts. We find that this feedback between pore pressure and slip propagation, which is absent in uncoupled simulations, leads to distinctively asymmetric rupture patterns in induced earthquakes in poroelastic media. Our results show that capturing the coupling between fault frictional processes and rock poroelastic behavior requires well‐resolved and fully coupled simulations.
MSCs inhibit tumor progression and enhance radiosensitivity of breast cancer cells by down-regulating Stat3 signaling pathway
Authors: He Ningning , Kong Yangyang , Lei Xudan , Liu Yang , Wang Jinhan , Xu Chang , Wang Yan , Du Liqing , Ji Kaihua , wang Qin , Li Zongjin , Liu Qiang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe acquisition of radioresistance by breast cancer cells during radiotherapy may lead to cancer recurrence and poor survival. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) is activated in breast cancer cells and, therefore, may be an effective target for overcoming therapeutic resistance. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been investigated for use in cancer treatment. Here, we investigated the potential of MSC conditioned medium (MSC-CM) in sensitizing breast cancer to radiotherapy. It was found that MSC-CM could inhibit the level of activated Stat3, suppress cancer growth, and exhibit synergetic effects with radiation treatment in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, MSC-CM reduced the ALDH-positive cancer stem cells (CSCs) population, modulated several potential stem cell markers, and decreased tumor migration, as well as metastasis. These results demonstrate that MSC-CM suppresses breast cancer cells growth and sensitizes cancer cells to radiotherapy through inhibition of the Stat3 signaling pathway, thus, providing a novel strategy for breast cancer therapy by overcoming radioresistance.
Cramming versus threading of long amphiphilic oligomers into a polyaromatic capsule
Authors: Yamashina Masahiro , Kusaba Shunsuke , Akita Munetaka , Kikuchi Takashi , Yoshizawa Michito 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOligo(ethylene oxide)s are known as widely useable yet not very interactive amphiphilic compounds. Here we report that the long amphiphilic oligomers are bound by a polyaromatic capsule in two different manners, depending on the chain length. For instance, the shorter pentamer is crammed into the isolated cavity of the capsule, whereas the longer decamer is threaded into the capsule to form a 1:1 host–guest complex in a pseudo-rotaxane fashion. These unusual bindings occur instantly, spontaneously, and quantitatively even in water at room temperature, with relatively high binding constants (Ka > 106 M–1). Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) studies reveal that enthalpic stabilization is a dominant driving force for both of the complexations through multiple host–guest CH-π and hydrogen-bonding interactions. Furthermore, long oligomers with an average molecular weight of 1000 Da (e.g., 22-mer) are also threaded into the capsules to give pseudo-rotaxane-shaped 2:1 host–guest complexes in water, selectively.
S-nitrosylation of the zinc finger protein SRG1 regulates plant immunity
Authors: Cui Beimi , Pan Qiaona , Clarke David , Villarreal Marisol Ochoa , Umbreen Saima , Yuan Bo , Shan Weixing , Jiang Jihong , Loake Gary J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) orchestrates a plethora of incongruent plant immune responses, including the reprograming of global gene expression. However, the cognate molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here we show a zinc finger transcription factor (ZF-TF), SRG1, is a central target of NO bioactivity during plant immunity, where it functions as a positive regulator. NO accumulation promotesSRG1expression and subsequently SRG1 occupies a repeated canonical sequence within target promoters. An EAR domain enables SRG1 to recruit the corepressor TOPLESS, suppressing target gene expression. Sustained NO synthesis drives SRG1S-nitrosylation predominantly at Cys87, relieving both SRG1 DNA binding and transcriptional repression activity. Accordingly, mutation of Cys87 compromises NO-mediated control of SRG1-dependent transcriptional suppression. Thus, the SRG1-SNO formation may contribute to a negative feedback loop that attenuates the plant immune response. SRG1 Cys87 is evolutionary conserved and thus may be a target for redox regulation of ZF-TF function across phylogenetic kingdoms.
Localizable entanglement as a necessary resource of controlled quantum teleportation
Authors: Barasiński Artur , Arkhipov Ievgen I. , Svozilík Jiří 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe analyze the controlled teleportation protocol through three-qubit mixed states. In particular, we investigate the relation between the faithfulness of the controlled teleportation scheme and entanglement. While our knowledge concerning controlled teleportation and entanglement in pure states is well established, for mixed states it is considerably much harder task and very little has been done in this field. Here, we present counterintuitive results that provide a new light on controlled teleportation protocol. It is shown that even mixed biseparable states are useful for this protocol along with genuine entangled three-qubit states.
Bioactive Hydrogel Marbles
Authors: Leite Álvaro J. , Oliveira Nuno M. , Song Wenlong , Mano João F. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractLiquid marbles represented a significant advance in the manipulation of fluids as they used particle films to confine liquid drops, creating a robust and durable soft solid. We exploit this technology to engineering a bioactive hydrogel marble (BHM). Specifically, pristine bioactive glass nanoparticles were chemically tuned to produce biocompatible hydrophobic bioactive glass nanoparticles (H-BGNPs) that shielded a gelatin-based bead. The designed BHM shell promoted the growth of a bone-like apatite layer upon immersion in a physiological environment. The fabrication process allowed the efficient incorporation of drugs and cells into the engineered structure. The BHM provided a simultaneously controlled release of distinct encapsulated therapeutic model molecules. Moreover, the BHM sustained cell encapsulation in a 3D environment as demonstrated by an excellent in vitro stability and cytocompatibility. The engineered structures also showed potential to regulate a pre-osteoblastic cell line into osteogenic commitment. Overall, these hierarchical nanostructured and functional marbles revealed a high potential for future applications in bone tissue engineering.
A dimeric fluorescent protein yields a bright, red-shifted GEVI capable of population signals in brain slice
Authors: Yi Bumjun , Kang Bok Eum , Lee Sungmoo , Braubach Sophie , Baker Bradley J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA bright, red-shifted Genetically Encoded Voltage Indicator (GEVI) was developed using a modified version of the fluorescent protein, tdTomato. Dimerization of the fluorescent domain for ArcLight-type GEVIs has been shown to affect the signal size of the voltage-dependent optical signal. For red-shifted GEVI development, tdTomato was split fusing a single dTomato chromophore to the voltage sensing domain. Optimization of the amino acid length and charge composition of the linker region between the voltage sensing domain and the fluorescent protein resulted in a probe that is an order of magnitude brighter than FlicR1 at a resting potential of −70 mV and exhibits a ten-fold larger change in fluorescence (ΔF) upon 100 mV depolarization of the plasma membrane in HEK 293 cells. Unlike ArcLight, the introduction of charged residues to the exterior of dTomato did not substantially improve the dynamic range of the optical signal. As a result, this new GEVI, Ilmol, yields a 3-fold improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio compared to FlicR1 despite a smaller fractional change in fluorescence of 4% per 100 mV depolarization of the plasma membrane. Ilmol expresses well in neurons resolving action potentials in neuronal cultures and reporting population signals in mouse hippocampal acute brain slice recordings. Ilmol is the brightest red-shifted GEVI to date enabling imaging with 160-fold less light than Archon1 for primary neuron recordings (50 mW/cm2 versus 8 W/cm2) and 600-fold less light than QuasAr2 for mouse brain slice recordings (500 mW/cm2 versus 300 W/cm2). This new GEVI uses a distinct mechanism from other approaches, opening an alternate engineering path to improve sensitivity and speed.
Farnesol-induced hyperbranched morphology with short hyphae and bulbous tips of Coriolus versicolor
Authors: Wang Ke-Feng , Guo Chen , Ju Fang , Samak Nadia A. , Zhuang Guo-Qiang , Liu Chun-Zhao 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAs the first fungal quorum sensing molecule, farnesol-induced morphological transition is usually studied in dimorphic fungi, but in basidiomycetes the morphological changes regulated by farnesol are rarely investigated. In this study, we found that farnesol made the basidiomyceteCoriolus versicolordevelop into a hyperbranched morphology with short hyphae and bulbous tips. Farnesol treatment resulted in a significant increase of intracellular oxidative stress level, which influenced the expression of several morphogenesis-related genes, and thereby led to the morphological changes. High oxidative stress level significantly stimulated the expression of laccase genes for improving intracellular laccase biosynthesis. The resulted hyperbranched morphology further accelerated the secretion of intracellular laccase into culture medium. As a result, extracellular laccase production reached a maximum of 2189.2 ± 54.7 U/L in farnesol-induced cultures, which was 6.8-fold greater than that of control cultures. SDS-PAGE and native-PAGE showed that farnesol increased laccase production by promoting the biosynthesis of three laccase isoforms. Together these results provide new opportunities in not only understanding the farnesol-regulated mycelial morphology in basidiomycetes, but also developing novel strategies for enhancing the production of secreted enzymes of biotechnological interest.