bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling the Role of Sensory Feedback in Speech Motor Control and Learning
Authors: Parrell Benjamin , Houde John 
Published: August 2019

PurposeWhile the speech motor system is sensitive to feedback perturbations, sensory feedback does not seem to be critical to speech motor production. How the speech motor system is able to be so flexible in its use of sensory feedback remains an open question.MethodWe draw on evidence from a variety of disciplines to summarize current understanding of the sensory systems' role in speech motor control, including both online control and motor learning. We focus particularly on computational models of speech motor control that incorporate sensory feedback, as these models provide clear encapsulations of different theories of sensory systems' function in speech production. These computational models include the well-established directions into velocities of articulators model and computational models that we have been developing in our labs based on the domain-general theory of state feedback control (feedback aware control of tasks in speech model).ResultsAfter establishing the architecture of the models, we show that both the directions into velocities of articulators and state feedback control/feedback aware control of tasks models can replicate key behaviors related to sensory feedback in the speech motor system. Although the models agree on many points, the underlying architecture of the 2 models differs in a few key ways, leading to different predictions in certain areas. We cover key disagreements between the models to show the limits of our current understanding and point toward areas where future experimental studies can resolve these questions.ConclusionsUnderstanding the role of sensory information in the speech motor system is critical to understanding speech motor production and sensorimotor learning in healthy speakers as well as in disordered populations. Computational models, with their concrete implementations and testable predictions, are an important tool to understand this process. Comparison of different models can highlight areas of agreement and disagreement in the field and point toward future experiments to resolve important outstanding questions about the speech motor control system.
Do Patients With Neurogenic Speech Sound Impairments Benefit From Auditory Priming With a Regular Metrical Pattern?
Authors: Aichert Ingrid , Lehner Katharina , Falk Simone , Späth Mona , Ziegler Wolfram 
Published: August 2019

PurposeEarlier investigations based on word and sentence repetition tasks had revealed that the most prevalent metrical pattern in German (the trochee)—unlike the iambic pattern—facilitates articulation in patients with apraxia of speech (AOS; e.g.,Aichert, Späth, & Ziegler, 2016), confirming that segmental and prosodic aspects of speech production interact. In this study, we investigated if articulation in apraxic speakers also benefits from auditory priming by speech with a regular rhythm. Furthermore, we asked if the advantage of regular speech rhythm, if present, is confined to impairments at the motor planning stage of speech production (i.e., AOS) or if it also applies to phonological encoding impairments.MethodTwelve patients with AOS, 12 aphasic patients with postlexical phonological impairment (PI), and 36 neurologically healthy speakers were examined. A sequential synchronization paradigm based on a sentence completion task was conducted in conditions where we independently varied the metrical regularity of the prime sentence (regular vs. irregular prime sentence) and the metrical regularity of the target word (trochaic vs. iambic).ResultsOur data confirmed the facilitating effect of regular (trochaic) word stress on speech accuracy in patients with AOS (target effect). This effect could, for the first time, also be demonstrated in individuals with PI. Moreover, the study also revealed an influence of the metrical regularity of speech input in both patient groups (prime effect).ConclusionsPatients with AOS and patients with PI exploited rhythmic cues in the speech of a model speaker for the initiation and the segmental realization of words. There seems to be a robust metrical influence on speech at both the phonological and the phonetic planning stages of speech production.
Effect of electrohydrodynamic stresses in dielectric liquid: simulation study with the aid of single artificial air bubble using level set‐volume of fluid method
Authors: Talaat M. , Essa Mohamed A. 
Published: August 2019

Pre‐breakdown analysis of dielectric liquids is important in many power system applications. The electric field effect is important as well in pool boiling as it improves the boiling process. This physical phenomenon combined with the pre‐breakdown condition in a dielectric liquid has been investigated using a single artificial air bubble immersed in the dielectric liquid and attached to a high voltage electrode. The Level Set coupled with Volume of Fluid numerical method is used to simulate the behaviour of the air bubble in the dielectric liquid. This approach combined with considering the electrical stresses accounts for both the electrical and mechanical (Electrohydrodynamic) stresses on the bubble‐liquid interface. Laplace's equation is used to solve the electric field distribution, while the fluid is solved by using Navier–Stokes equations. The electric force effect on the fluid is considered as a source term in the momentum equation. The simulation results show good agreement with the experimental data. It is observed that high‐velocity eddies in the order of 22.88 mm/ss are generated inside the air bubble. These eddies are caused by high‐pressure gradients near the bubble boundaries caused by the electric field. This high velocity improves the heat and mass transfer between the two fluids.
Delayed hemorrhage after cold and hot snare resection of colorectal polyps: a multicenter randomized trial (interim analysis)
Authors: Aizawa Masato , Utano Kenichi , Tsunoda Takuya , Ichii Osamu , Kato Takashi , Miyakura Yasuyuki , Saka Mitsuru , Nemoto Daiki , Isohata Noriyuki , Endo Shungo , Ejiri Yutaka , Lefor Alan Kawarai , Togashi Kazutomo 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background and study aims Delayed bleeding is believed to occur less frequently after cold snare polypectomy (CSP), but this has not been validated in clinical trials. This study aimed to compare rates of delayed bleeding after CSP and hot snare polypectomy (HSP).
Patients and methods We conducted a multicenter, randomized controlled trial. Participants scheduled to undergo endoscopic resection of colorectal polyps ≤ 10 mm were enrolled and randomly assigned to CSP or HSP. Prophylactic clipping was performed at the endoscopists’ discretion. The primary outcome was delayed bleeding rate. Secondary outcomes included immediate bleeding rate and clipping rate. Sample size calculation showed that 451 patients were required in each arm.
Results At the end of the study period decided in advance, 308 participants were recruited and an interim analysis was performed. A total of 273 patients (mean age 62.2 ± 8.8 years; 188 males) were analyzed, with 139 patients allocated to CSP and 134 to HSP. In total, 367 polyps were resected with CSP and 360 polyps with HSP. There were no significant differences in patient demographics or polyp characteristics. In per-patient-based analysis, delayed bleeding rates were 0.7 % after CSP and 0.7 % after HSP. Per-polyp analysis showed similar results (CSP: 0.3 % vs. HSP: 0.6 %). The immediate bleeding rate was significantly higher with CSP vs. HSP (54 % vs.14 %, P < 0.0001), while clipping rates were 18 % and 19 %, respectively.
Conclusion This interim analysis did not demonstrate that delayed bleeding after CSP is less frequent than after HSP. The delayed bleeding rate after HSP was lower than expected.Meeting presentations: Digestive Disease Week 2017
EUS-guided gallbladder drainage in patients with cirrhosis: results of a multicenter retrospective study
Authors: James Theodore W. , Krafft Matthew , Croglio Michael , Nasr John , Baron Todd 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background and study aims Cirrhosis has historically been considered a relative, if not absolute, contraindication to cholecystectomy. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage (EUS-GBD) has been developed for use in non-operative candidates with cholecystitis; however, little data exist for use of the procedure in patients with cirrhosis.
Patients and methods This was a retrospective series involving two large tertiary referral centers performing EUS-GBD. Patients with cirrhosis who underwent EUS-GBD for cholecystitis between August 2014 and December 2018 were identified. The primary endpoint was the rate of technical success, defined as EUS-guided placement of a lumen-apposing metal stent (LAMS) from duodenum to gallbladder. Patient demographics, procedural details, adverse events (AEs), post-procedural symptoms, and clinical success were recorded.
Results Fifteen patients (9 females, 6 males) with cirrhosis underwent EUS-GBD during the study period. Mean patient age was 61 ± 17.1yrs, mean MELD-Na 15 ± 7. Etiology of cirrhosis was HCV (n = 2), alcohol (n = 4), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (n = 8), and autoimmune hepatitis (n = 1).The technical success rate was 93.3 % and mean procedure time was 64 ± 59 minutes. Initial puncture site was duodenum (n = 11), stomach (n = 3) and jejunum (n = 1) and portion of gallbladder used for drainage was neck (n = 4) and body (n = 11). Fourteen patients went on to clinical success and two AEs occurred in this cohort. One decompensation event occurred in a patient with Child-Pugh class C disease 3 weeks post-procedure. Mean length of follow-up was 373 ± 367.3 days; one death occurred due to underlying malignancy.
Conclusion EUS-GBD is safe and efficacious in managing cholecystitis in patients with Child-Pugh A and B cirrhosis who are non-operative candidates. Further studies are needed to determine optimal patient selection and procedural technique.
Personalisierte Medizin beim Prostatakarzinom
Authors: Pfister David , Haidl Friederike , Paffenholz Pia , Nestler Tim , Heidenreich Axel 
Published: August 2019

ZusammenfassungDas Prostatakarzinom ist das häufigste solide Karzinom des Mannes. Die Inzidenz steigt mit zunehmendem Alter an. Durch die Etablierung neuer Therapiekonzepte insbesondere im progredienten Tumorstadium und in der metastasierten Erkrankung kann zum einen eine deutlich verbesserte Tumorkontrolle, damit verbunden aber auch eine erhöhte Belastung des Gesundheitssystems erreicht werden. Mittlerweile haben wir beim Prostatakarzinom, ähnlich wie beim Nierenzellkarzinom, die Möglichkeit aus einem Pool von verschiedenen Medikamenten zu wählen. Diese zeigen eine vergleichbare Effektivität bei einem unterschiedlichen Nebenwirkungsspektrum. Zur effektiven Diagnostik und Therapie des Prostatakarzinoms sind neben klinischen Parametern weitere Faktoren erforderlich, um ein individualisiertes Vorgehen zu erlauben. In der Diagnostik haben sich einige genetische Tests etabliert, während im metastasierten Tumorstadium eine intensivere genetische Aufarbeitung von liquid biopsies oder Gewebeproben zunehmend in der Routine Einklang findet. Möglichkeiten im kastrationsresistenten Prostatakarzinom mit der möglichen Patientenselektion zur individuellen Therapie sollen im folgenden Review aufgearbeitet werden.
Remission, Response und deren Prädiktion nach einer kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie der Zwangsstörung im stationären Setting
Authors: Nowak Susanne , Osen Bernhard , Kröger Christoph 
Published: August 2019

ZusammenfassungDie kognitive Verhaltenstherapie einschließlich Exposition und Reaktionsmanagement gilt bei Zwangsstörungen als Psychotherapie der ersten Wahl. In dieser Studie wurde der Therapieerfolg von 799 Patienten im Rahmen einer stationären kognitiv-behavioralen Psychotherapie untersucht. Als zentrales Erfolgsmaß wurde die Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) eingesetzt. Der Therapieerfolg wurde in Effektstärken (ES) sowie in Remissions- und Responseraten ausgedrückt. Im Prä-Post-Vergleich der Y-BOCS betrug die ES 1,32. Response wurde nach 2 verschiedenen Definitionen klassifiziert: dem Reliabel Change Index (RCI) und der prozentualen Symptomverbesserung (PSV). Die Responseraten betrugen 75,5% (RCI) bzw. 37% (PSV). Remission erreichten 39,3% nach RCI und 32,2% nach PSV. Von den eingeschlossenen Patienten beendeten 10,4% die Therapie vorzeitig. Das Abbruchrisiko war bei Männern sowie bei Patienten, die zusätzlich mit Neuroleptika behandelt wurden, erhöht. Der negative Einfluss von Neuroleptika auf den Therapieverlauf legt nahe, dass eine entsprechende Medikation im Rahmen der Expositionsbehandlung kritisch überprüft werden sollte.
A influência genética na degeneração discal – Revisão sistemática da literatura
Authors: Teles Filho Ricardo Vieira , Abe Guilherme de Matos , Daher Murilo Tavares 
Published: August 2019

ResumoA degeneração discal é uma condição que compromete as funções do disco intervertebral, podendo levar a vários processos patológicos importantes, como hérnias discais e estenoses de canal. Apesar de sua etiologia ainda ser desconhecida, cada vez mais estudos têm demonstrado o papel preponderante de fatores genéticos em detrimento de fatores ambientais. Com o objetivo de revisar o conhecimento atual sobre os genes associados à degeneração do disco intervertebral, foi realizada uma revisão narrativa da literatura inglesa nos últimos 10 anos sobre o tema. Concluímos que há uma série de genes que foram associados à degeneração discal em seres humanos, incluindo genes codificando colágeno I α-1 (COL1A1), colágeno IX (COL9A2 e COL9A3), colágeno XI (COL11A2), interleucina 6 (IL-6), agrecano (AGC1), receptor de vitamina D (VDR), metaloproteinase de matriz 3 (MMP-3), além de microRNAs. Dessa forma, a presente revisão enfatiza os últimos avanços na associação de genes com fenótipos de discos degenerados específicos, polimorfismos de nucleotídeos únicos, hereditariedade e interações genético-ambientais em relação à degeneração discal, com o intuito de permitir ao clínico entender esse mecanismo de degeneração e estar preparado para as novas terapêuticas que estão por vir baseadas na genética.
Revisiting the Transverse Cervical Artery and Vein for Complex Head and Neck Reconstruction
Authors: Prisman Eitan , Baxter Peter , Genden Eric M. 
Published: August 2019

Background Chemoradiotherapy is the primary treatment modality for glottic and pharyngeal subsites. Management of recurrence or second primaries in this setting is a surgical challenge requiring complex free flap reconstruction. One of the major barriers to effective reconstruction is the availability of suitable recipient vessels. We propose that the transverse cervical artery (TCA) is a viable option for complex head and neck reconstruction.
Methods A retrospective chart review of 230 consecutive free tissue reconstructive cases was performed by the senior author (EG).
Results Forty cases were identified that used the TCA for arterial anastomosis. Twenty-six patients had prior treatment, 13 of which had multimodality treatment. There were no microvasculature free flap failures and 5 minor flap complications.
Conclusions Our experience with the TCA suggests it is a viable option for complex head and neck reconstruction, particularly in the setting of prior comprehensive neck dissection or radiation. In addition, the location of the TCA provides favorable pedicle geometry for microvascular anastomosis.
Classificação pós-tratamento para lesões condrais acetabulares na artroscopia de quadril
Authors: Polesello Giancarlo Cavalli , Viamont-Guerra Maria-Roxana , Zego Fábio , Rabelo Nayra Deise dos Anjos , Ricioli Junior Walter , Queiroz Marcelo Cavalheiro 
Published: August 2019

Resumo
Objetivo Descrever um sistema de classificação de tratamento pós-artroscópico para as lesões condrais acetabulares no quadril e relatar as confiabilidades intra e interobservador deste sistema.
Métodos Esta é uma revisão retrospectiva de 99 gravações de vídeo digital realizadas durante artroscopia. Os pacientes submetidos a tratamento artroscópico para impacto femoroacetabular e avaliados no ambulatório de quadril entre março de 2015 e março de 2016 foram incluídos no estudo. Os pacientes com histórico de cirurgia anterior do quadril, evidência radiológica de osteoartrose avançada (Tönnis > 2), pacientes submetidos à ressecção labral ou cujas gravações digitais estavam incompletas ou de qualidade insuficiente para avaliação adequada foram excluídos. Dois ortopedistas, que não participaram da cirurgia, revisaram de forma independente as gravações de vídeo e classificaram a cartilagem acetabular remanescente usando o sistema de classificação pós-tratamento. A análise intra e interobservador foi então realizada utilizando o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI).
Resultados Excelente confiabilidade intraobservador (CCI = 0,790; p < 0,001) e confiabilidade interobservador (CCI = 0,882; p < 0,001). Ambos os valores de CCI foram estatisticamente significativos.
Conclusão a classificação pós-tratamento da cartilagem acetabular remanescente possui excelente confiabilidade intra e interobservador.
Typical Trigeminal Neuralgia: Comparison of Results between Patients Older and Younger than 65 Years Operated on with Microvascular Decompression by Retrosigmoid Approach
Authors: Mastronardi Luciano , Caputi Franco , Rinaldi Alessandro , Cacciotti Guglielmo , Roperto Raffaelino , Scavo Carlo Giacobbo , Stati Giovanni , Sufianov Albert 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Objective The incidence of typical trigeminal neuralgia (TN) increases with age, and neurologists and neurosurgeons frequently observe patients with this disorder at age 65 years or older. Microvascular decompression (MVD) of the trigeminal root entry zone in the posterior cranial fossa represents the etiological treatment of typical TN with the highest efficacy and durability of all treatments. This procedure is associated with possible risks (cerebellar hematoma, cranial nerve injury, stroke, and death) not seen with the alternative ablative procedures. Thus the safety of MVD in the elderly remains a topic of discussion. This study was conducted to determine whether MVD is a safe and effective treatment in older patients with TN compared with younger patients.
Methods In this retrospective study, 28 patients older than 65 years (elderly cohort: mean age 70.9 ± 3.6 years) and 38 patients < 65 years (younger cohort: mean age 51.7 ± 6.3 years) underwent MVD via the keyhole retrosigmoid approach for type 1 TN (typical) or type 2a TN (typically chronic) from November 2011 to November 2017. A 75-year-old patient and three nonelderly patients with type 2b TN (atypical) were excluded. Elderly and younger cohorts were compared for outcome and complications.
Results At a mean follow-up 26.0 ± 5.5 months, 25 patients of the elderly cohort (89.3%) reported a good outcome without the need for any medication for pain versus 34 (89.5%) of the younger cohort. Twenty-three elderly patients with type 1 TN were compared with 30 younger patients with type 1 TN, and no significant difference in outcomes was found (p > 0.05). Five elderly patients with type 2a TN were compared with eight younger patients with type 2a TN, and no significant difference in outcomes was noted (p > 0.05). There was one case of cerebrospinal fluid leak and one of a cerebellar hematoma, both in the younger cohort. Mortality was zero in both cohorts.
Conclusions On the basis of our experience and the international literature, age itself does not seem to represent a major contraindication of MVD for TN.
Prolonged Suppressive Effects of Periodontitis on Salivary TFF3 Production
Authors: Hormdee Doosadee , Prajaneh Saengsome , Kampichai Amonrujee , Tak Ranuch , Chaiyarit Ponlatham 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Objective As a follow-up to our previous study that demonstrated decreased salivary trefoil factor family 3 (TFF3) peptide levels in chronic periodontitis patients, this current study aimed to observe the effects of nonsurgical periodontal treatment on salivary TFF3 peptides in patients with periodontal diseases.
Materials and Methods Eighty-seven volunteers that comprised of 30 individuals with healthy periodontium, 31 with gingivitis, and 26 with chronic periodontitis were considered for the study. Prior to periodontal treatment, a general periodontal examination was performed along with collection of saliva samples from each volunteer. Nonsurgical periodontal treatments were provided to patients with gingivitis and periodontitis. Two weeks post-treatment, saliva samples were recollected, and the periodontal status was re-evaluated. Salivary TFF3 concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Statistical Analysis Mann–Whitney U test was used when the investigated data were not normally distributed. Chi-squared test was used when dealing with categorical data. Kruskal–Wallis test with post-hoc corrections was used to compare data among the three investigated groups. Two-tailed p < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
Results Prior to the periodontal treatment, salivary TFF3 concentrations in patients with gingivitis and periodontitis were significantly lower than those with healthy periodontium. Two weeks post-treatment, increased levels of salivary TFF3 were observed in patients with gingivitis, whereas the concentrations decreased in patients with chronic periodontitis.
Conclusion This study demonstrated the effects of periodontal disease on the production of salivary TFF3 peptides. Interestingly, nonsurgical periodontal treatment also affected the recovery of salivary TFF3 peptides but varied in their outcomes between gingivitis and periodontitis patients.
Acupuncture in Adult and Pediatric Headache: A Narrative Review
Authors: Doll Elizabeth , Threlkeld Brooke , Graff Danielle , Clemons Rob , Mittel Olivia , Sowell Michael K. , McDonald Mark 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHeadaches in children and adolescents remain a very common problem with migraine being the most common headache disorder to present to medical attention. The approach to the treatment of migraine in children has consisted of treatment with acute and preventive medications, combined with lifestyle modification and behavioral interventions, such as cognitive behavioral therapy. With increasing frequency, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) approaches, including acupuncture, are often recommended in the pediatric population to address significant disability with limited evidence-based treatment options. In this article, the authors conduct a review of acupuncture in pediatric headache, including neurobiological mechanisms, adult headache studies, pediatric headache studies, safety, and use of acupuncture in other conditions in children. This article aims to summarize the currently available evidence with which to recommend acupuncture in children for the adjunctive treatment of headache. Acupuncture appears to be safe and effective for the treatment of migraine in children.