bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Son propre son
Authors: Enkerli Alexandre 
Published: July 2019

Cet article associe une notion d’appropriation technologique au travail sur/par le son. Il entend favoriser l’investissement du champ sonore de l’anthropologie en décrivant l’appropriation sonore par le bricolage numérique. Inspiré en partie par une exploration personnelle des possibilités musicales de l’ordinateur Raspberry Pi, ce texte présente des approches et des méthodes d’appropriation du son lui-même par les membres de la sphère Maker. Les « appropriations » (du sonore et du technologique) dont il est question constituent des formes émergeantes au coeur d’une pratique largement personnalisée, mais inscrite dans un univers social particulier de collaboration ouverte. En produisant son propre son, le bricolage numérique transforme l’environnement acoustique et lui donne un sens.
A new species of the Asian music frog genus Nidirana (Amphibia, Anura, Ranidae) from Southwestern China
Authors: Li Shize , Wei Gang , Xu Ning , Cui Jianguo , Fei Liang , Jiang Jianping , Liu Jing , Wang Bin 
Published: July 2019

The Asian music frog genus Nidirana is widely distributed in East and Southeastern Asia. Systematic profiles of the group remain on debate, and cryptic species are expected especially in the species with wide distributional range. Here, we describe a new species of the genus from Southwestern China. Phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA supported the new species as an independent clade nested into the Nidirana clade and sister to N. hainanensis. Morphologically, the new species could be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following characters: a large body size in males (SVL > 49 mm); the presence of lateroventral grooves both on fingers and toes; relative finger lengths: II < IV < I < III; tibiotarsal articulation reaching the level between eye and nostril when leg stretched forward; a pair of subgular internal vocal sacs at corners of throat in males; nuptial pad present on the inner side of base of fingers I and II in males in breading season; webbing formula: I 2 –21/3 II 2 –22/3 III 31/2 –32/3 IV 32/3 –3V. The findings provided a better knowledge on phylogenetic assignments of the genus Nidirana, and indicated future deeper investigations necessarily for exploring systematic settings of the group.
Morphology and development of a novel murine skeletal dysplasia
Authors: Marchini Marta , Silva Hernandez Elizabeth , Rolian Campbell 
Published: July 2019

Background
Limb bones develop and grow by endochondral ossification, which is regulated by specific cell and molecular pathways. Changes in one or more of these pathways can have severe effects on normal skeletal development, leading to skeletal dysplasias. Many skeletal dysplasias are known to result from mis-expression of major genes involved in skeletal development, but the etiology of many skeletal dysplasias remains unknown. We investigated the morphology and development of a mouse line with an uncharacterized mutation exhibiting a skeletal dysplasia-like phenotype (Nabo).

Methods
We used µCT scanning and histology to comprehensively characterize the phenotype and its development, and to determine the developmental stage when this phenotype first appears.

Results
Nabo mice have shorter limb elements compared to wildtype mice, while clavicles and dermal bones of the skull are not affected. Nabo embryos at embryonic stage E14 show shorter limb cartilage condensations. The tibial growth plate in Nabo mice is wider than in wildtype, particularly in the proliferative zone, however proliferative chondrocytes show less activity than wildtype mice. Cell proliferation assays and immunohistochemistry against the chondrogenic marker Sox9 suggest relatively lower, spatially-restricted, chondrocyte proliferation activity in Nabo. Bone volume and trabecular thickness in Nabo tibiae are also decreased compared to wildtype.

Discussion
Our data suggest that the Nabo mutation affects endochondral ossification only, with the strongest effects manifesting in more proximal limb structures. The phenotype appears before embryonic stage E14, suggesting that outgrowth and patterning processes may be affected. Nabo mice present a combination of skeletal dysplasia-like characteristics not present in any known skeletal dysplasia. Further genomic and molecular analysis will help to identify the genetic basis and precise developmental pathways involved in this unique skeletal dysplasia.
Molecular characterization of nearshore baitfish populations in Bermuda to inform management
Authors: Goodbody-Gringley Gretchen , Strand Emma , Pitt Joanna M. 
Published: July 2019

Small-bodied marine fishes play an important role in the food web, feeding both larger fishes and seabirds. Often referred to as baitfishes, they concentrate seasonally in coastal areas in large, often heterospecific assemblages that are targeted by both commercial and recreational fishers. Given apparent declines in at least some of Bermuda’s baitfish species over the past 40 years, it is useful to determine the species composition of baitfish assemblages, and how it varies among sites, in order to inform management. Using genetic barcoding of the Cytochrome c oxidase 1 gene (COI), we confirm species identity, assess intraspecific genetic diversity locally, and determine rates of broader genetic connectivity for baitfish assemblages in Bermuda. Species analyzed includedHypoatherina harringtonensis,Anchoa choerostoma,Jenkinsia lamprotaenia,Harengula humeralis,Opisthonema oglinumandSardinella aurita. Species identification based on molecular barcoding revealed some misidentification of individuals based solely on gross morphological characteristics, with an error rate of 11%, validating the usefulness of this approach. Interestingly, sequence results for the endemic Bermuda anchovy,A. choerostoma, were within 1% similarity to the more broadly distributed big-eye anchovy,A. lamprotaenia, and thus additional analyses are warranted to evaluate the genetic basis for endemism. Estimates of genetic diversity within and among baitfish assemblages in Bermuda were high, indicating high rates of local connectivity among sites for all species. As such, management should consider Bermuda’s baitfish species as single, highly mixed populations. However, with the exception ofH. humeralisand the endemicA. choerostoma, significant genetic differentiation and population structure were found when comparing Bermuda’s baitfish populations with those from other regions, suggesting limited gene flow between other regions and Bermuda for these species. Limited regional connectivity has implications for management, as strong genetic divergence suggests that populations in Bermuda are predominantly self-seeding and thus not likely to be replenished from distant populations. These results therefore support precautionary management of baitfish species in Bermuda.
colocr: an R package for conducting co-localization analysis on fluorescence microscopy images
Authors: Ahmed Mahmoud , Lai Trang Huyen , Kim Deok Ryong 
Published: July 2019

Background
The co-localization analysis of fluorescence microscopy images is a widely used technique in biological research. It is often used to determine the co-distribution of two proteins inside the cell, suggesting that these two proteins could be functionally or physically associated. The limiting step in conducting microscopy image analysis in a graphical interface tool is the selection of the regions of interest for the co-localization of two proteins.

Implementation
This package provides a simple straightforward workflow for loading fluorescence images, choosing regions of interest and calculating co-localization measurements. Included in the package is a shiny app that can be invoked locally to interactively select the regions of interest where two proteins are co-localized.

Availability
colocr is available on the comprehensive R archive network, and the source code is available on GitHub under the GPL-3 license as part of the ROpenSci collection, https://github.com/ropensci/colocr.
Cerebral Cortical Damage in Adult Wistar Rats Following Aluminium Chloride Administration
Authors: Ajibade A. J. , Fakunle P. B. , Omoola O. O. 
Published: July 2019

This study investigated some effects of aluminium chloride on the cerebral cortex of adult Wistar rats. Aluminium chloride as one of the toxic metals has been known to be one of the major environmental pollutants across the world which has been reported in relation to Neurodegenerative diseases (ND) associated with metallic intoxication. It is present in many pharmaceutical drugs, food products and also used in the treatment of domestic water being involved in skeletal, haematological and neurological diseases.
Thirty-two adult Wistar of both sexes weighing between 143 g-189 g were randomly grouped into four groups, group A, B, C and D each group containing 8 rats. Group A rats which were the controls, were maintained on standard feed (grower mash) and water for 21 days. Rats in group B, C and D were treated with 0.2 g/kg, 0.4 g/kg and 0.6 g/kg of aluminium chloride respectively for 21days. The aluminium chloride solution was administered orally on a daily basis for that period.
The weight of the Wistar rats was recorded on a weekly basis (before and at the end of each week of administration). On the 22nd day the Wistar rats in group A, B, C and D were sacrificed by cervical dislocation, blood was collected through cardiac puncture, the brain was removed and weighed immediately using sensitive balance, part of the brain of all Wistar rats in each group was collected and homogenized for biochemical analysis, the remaining part was then fixed in 10% formol saline, the tissue was processed and sectioned at 5µm and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histological study.
Results showed that the mean body weights of the Wistar rats significantly increased in the treated groups when compared with the control group. The mean brain weights of the aluminium- treated groups showed insignificant decreased (P>0.05) when compared to the control group. In the biochemical analysis, there was a statistically significant increase (P<0.05) in the level of Malondialdehyde (MDA) in the aluminium-treated groups, and a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the level of Superoxide dismutase (SOD), and Succinate Dehydrogenase (SDH) in the aluminium treated group. Histological study of the brain (cerebral cortex) revealed that the cerebral cortical layers of the aluminium treated groups appeared distorted and degenerated, in a dose-dependent manner. The study concluded that aluminium chloride has a neurotoxic effect on the cerebral cortex of adult Wistar rats which invariably may alter some cerebral functions.
Directed in vitro evolution of bacterial expansin BsEXLX1 for higher cellulose binding and its consequences for plant cell wall‐loosening activities
Authors: Hepler Nathan K. , Cosgrove Daniel J. 
Published: July 2019

Expansins are cell wall‐loosening proteins found in all land plants and many microbial species. Despite homologous structures, bacterial expansins have much weaker cellulose binding and wall‐loosening activity than plant expansins. We hypothesized stronger cellulose binding would result in greater wall‐loosening activity and used in vitro evolution of Bacillus subtilis BsEXLX1 to test this hypothesis. Mutants with stronger binding generally had greater wall‐loosening activity, but the relationship was nonlinear and plateaued at ~ 40% higher than wild‐type. Mutant E191K exhibited stronger cellulose binding but failed to induce creep, evidently due to protein mistargeting. These results reveal the complexity of interactions between plant cell walls and wall‐modifying proteins, an important consideration when engineering proteins for applications in biofuel production and plant pathogen resistance.
Adaptive control for switched uncertain nonlinear systems with time‐varying output constraint and input saturation
Authors: Chen Aiqing , Tang Li , Liu Yan‐Jun , Gao Ying 
Published: July 2019

SummaryThis paper is concerned with adaptive tracking control for switched uncertain nonlinear systems, which contain the time‐varying output constraint (TVOC) and input asymmetric saturation characteristic. In response to the unknown functions, the fuzzy logic systems are adopted. The controller is constructed by the backstepping technique. Based on the Tangent Barrier Lyapunov Function (BLF‐Tan), an adaptive switched control scheme is designed. It is demonstrated that all signals in the resulted system are semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded with TVOC under arbitrary switchings. Furthermore, the effectiveness of presented control method is validated via the simulation example.
CoFe–Cl Layered Double Hydroxide: A New Cathode Material for High‐Performance Chloride Ion Batteries
Authors: Yin Qing , Rao Deming , Zhang Guanjun , Zhao Yajun , Han Jingbin , Lin Kun , Zheng Lirong , Zhang Jian , Zhou Jisheng , Wei Min 
Published: July 2019

AbstractChloride ion batteries (CIBs) are regarded as promising energy storage systems due to their large theoretical volumetric energy density, high abundance, and low cost of chloride resources. Herein, the synthesis of CoFe layered double hydroxide in the chloride form (CoFe–Cl LDH), for use as a new cathode material for CIBs, is demonstrated for the first time. The CoFe–Cl LDH exhibits a maximum capacity of 239.3 mAh g−1 and a high reversible capacity of ≈160 mAh g−1 over 100 cycles. The superb Cl− ion storage of CoFe–Cl LDH is attributed to its unique topochemical transformation property during the charge/discharge process: a reversible intercalation/deintercalation of Cl− ions in cathode with slight expansion/contraction of basal spacing, accompanied by chemical state changes in Co2+/Co3+ and Fe2+/Fe3+ couples. First‐principles calculations reveal that CoFe–Cl LDH is an excellent Cl− ion conductor, with extremely low energy barriers (0.12−0.25 eV) for Cl− diffusion. This work opens a new avenue for LDH materials as promising cathodes for anion‐type rechargeable batteries, which are regarded as formidable competitors to traditional metal ion‐shuttling batteries.
Experimental Evidence of Large Bandgap Energy in Atomically Thin AlN
Authors: Wang Ping , Wang Tao , Wang Hui , Sun Xiaoxiao , Huang Pu , Sheng Bowen , Rong Xin , Zheng Xiantong , Chen Zhaoying , Wang Yixin , Wang Ding , Liu Huapeng , Liu Fang , Yang Liuyun , Li Duo , Chen Ling , Yang Xuelin , Xu Fujun , Qin Zhixin , Shi Junjie , Yu Tongjun , Ge Weikun , Shen Bo , Wang Xinqiang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUltrathin III‐nitrides beyond BN, such as GaN and AlN, have attracted much research interest due to their potential applications in 2D optoelectronic devices. Taking advantage of the atomic thickness, the bandgap is expected to be widened in these thin films due to quantum confinement. As a promising intrinsic dielectric and tunneling layer for optoelectronic devices, ultrathin freestanding AlN structures have not been systematically studied, and the band structure still remains in the theoretical description. In this work, atomically thin hexagonal AlN nanotubes with controllable wall thickness have been fabricated via selective thermal evaporating the GaN/AlN core/shell nanowires, where the GaN cores entirely decomposed and are removed from the bottom open end while the robust AlN shells remain and form tubular structures. The bandgap energy of 9.2±0.1 eV is confirmed through spectrally resolved X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and spatially resolved electron energy loss spectroscopy measurements on AlN nanotubes with the wall thickness of two monolayers.
Semiconductor Quantum Dots: An Emerging Candidate for CO2 Photoreduction
Authors: Wu Hao‐Lin , Li Xu‐Bing , Tung Chen‐Ho , Wu Li‐Zhu 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAs one of the most critical approaches to resolve the energy crisis and environmental concerns, carbon dioxide (CO2) photoreduction into value‐added chemicals and solar fuels (for example, CO, HCOOH, CH3OH, CH4) has attracted more and more attention. In nature, photosynthetic organisms effectively convert CO2 and H2O to carbohydrates and oxygen (O2) using sunlight, which has inspired the development of low‐cost, stable, and effective artificial photocatalysts for CO2 photoreduction. Due to their low cost, facile synthesis, excellent light harvesting, multiple exciton generation, feasible charge‐carrier regulation, and abundant surface sites, semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) have recently been identified as one of the most promising materials for establishing highly efficient artificial photosystems. Recent advances in CO2 photoreduction using semiconductor QDs are highlighted. First, the unique photophysical and structural properties of semiconductor QDs, which enable their versatile applications in solar energy conversion, are analyzed. Recent applications of QDs in photocatalytic CO2 reduction are then introduced in three categories: binary II–VI semiconductor QDs (e.g., CdSe, CdS, and ZnSe), ternary I–III–VI semiconductor QDs (e.g., CuInS2 and CuAlS2), and perovskite‐type QDs (e.g., CsPbBr3, CH3NH3PbBr3, and Cs2AgBiBr6). Finally, the challenges and prospects in solar CO2 reduction with QDs in the future are discussed.
Biohybrid Design Gets Personal: New Materials for Patient‐Specific Therapy
Authors: Raman Ritu , Langer Robert 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPrecision medicine requires materials and devices that can sense and adapt to dynamic physiological and pathological conditions. This motivates the design and manufacture of biohybrid materials that mimic the responsive behaviors demonstrated by natural biological systems. Two parallel approaches to biohybrid design are presented—biomimetics and biointegration. Biohybrid hydrogels that mimic the form and function of natural materials, or that integrate living cells or bioactive moieties, can respond to a range of environmental stimuli in parallel, including heat, light, pH, hydration, enzymes, and electric, mechanical, and magnetic forces. A range of examples that illustrate the tremendous potential of this nascent discipline are presented, and ongoing technical challenges related to manufacturing, storage, transport, and external noninvasive control of these materials that will need to be overcome in the coming years are outlined. The ethical, educational, and regulatory challenges that will govern translation of biohybrid design into medical applications are also discussed. Personalized medical therapies that target the precise needs of patients are a critically needed and expanding market. Biohybrid design offers the unique ability to manufacture materials and devices that match the dynamic and patient‐specific in vivo environment, promising to generate more effective and safe therapies that enable personalized care.
Tandem Reactions of Ynones: via Conjugate Addition of Nitrogen‐, Carbon‐, Oxygen‐, Boron‐, Silicon‐, Phosphorus‐, and Sulfur‐Containing Nucleophiles
Authors: Li Yang , Yu Jian , Bi Yicheng , Yan Guobing , Huang Dayun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractYnones are widely used in organic synthesis. Their great success is rooted in their multiple functional groups. This review focus on advance of ynones in published in the decade 2009–2019. Reactions triggered by the conjugate addition of nitrogen‐, carbon‐, oxygen‐, boron‐, silicon‐, phosphorus‐, and sulfur‐containing nucleophiles are thoroughly discussed and summarized herein. Multicomponent reactions, rearrangements, cycloadditions, regio‐ and stereoselective synthesis, oxidations, coupling, green chemistry et al. are depicted in detail. We hope that this review will promote future research in this area.magnified image
Boosting Oxygen Evolution Kinetics by Mn–N–C Motifs with Tunable Spin State for Highly Efficient Solar‐Driven Water Splitting
Authors: Sun Shangcong , Shen Guoqiang , Jiang Jiawei , Mi Wenbo , Liu Xianlong , Pan Lun , Zhang Xiangwen , Zou Ji‐Jun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSolar‐driven water splitting is in urgent need for sustainable energy research, for which accelerating oxygen evolution kinetics along with charge migration is the key issue. Herein, Mn3+ within π‐conjugated carbon nitride (C3N4) in form of Mn–N–C motifs is coordinated. The spin state (eg orbital filling) of Mn centers is regulated by controlling the bond strength of Mn–N. It is demonstrated that Mn serves as intrinsic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) site and the kinetics is dependent on its spin state with an optimized eg occupancy of ≈0.95. Specifically, the governing role of eg occupancy originates from the varied binding strength between Mn and OER intermediates. Benefiting from the rapid spin state‐mediated OER kinetics, as well as extended optical absorption (to 600 nm) and accelerated charge separation by intercalated metal‐to‐ligand state, Mn–C3N4 stoichiometrically splits pure water with H2 production rate up to 695.1 µmol g−1 h−1 under simulated sunlight irradiation (AM1.5), and achieves an apparent quantum efficiency of 4.0% at 420 nm, superior to most solid‐state based photocatalysts to date. This work for the first time correlates photocatalytic redox kinetics with the spin state of active sites, and suggests a nexus between photocatalysis and spin theory.
Visible Light Mediated External Oxidant Free Selective C5 Bromination of 8‐Aminoquinoline Amides under Ambient Conditions
Authors: Ma Bin , Lu Fangling , Yang Hongmei , Gu Xin , Li Zhen , Li Ru , Pei Hongqiao , Luo Dan , Zhang Heng , Lei Aiwen 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSelective functionalization of quinolines is the hot topic of organic synthesis due to its wide application in natural products, medicine, etc. In this research, C5 bromination of 8‐aminoquinoline amides have been achieved using the strategy of photoredox catalysis under mild conditions. Easily available 10‐phenylphenothiazine is employed as the organophotoredox catalyst and CBr4 is used as the bromine source. No external oxidant or transition metal catalyst is needed in this transformation. Both the alkyl and aryl substituted carboxamides are compatible with this method.
Ancient DNA and bioarchaeological perspectives on European and African diversity and relationships on the colonial Delaware frontier
Authors: Fleskes Raquel E. , Bruwelheide Karin S. , West Frankie L. , Owsley Douglas W. , Griffith Daniel R. , Barca Kathryn G. , Cabana Graciela S. , Schurr Theodore G. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesAncient DNA (aDNA) and standard osteological analyses applied to 11 skeletons at a late 17th to early 18th century farmstead site in Delaware to investigate the biological and social factors of settlement and slavery in colonial America.Materials and methodsOsteological analysis and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequencing were conducted for all individuals and the resulting data contextualized with archaeological and documentary evidence.ResultsIndividuals of European and African descent were spatially separated in this colonial cemetery. The skeletal remains exhibited differences in osteological features and maternal genetic ancestry. A specific mtDNA haplotype appeared in a subset of the European‐descended individuals suggesting they were maternally related. Individuals of African descent were not maternally related, and instead showed a diversity of haplotypes affiliated with present‐day Western, Central, and Eastern regions of Africa.DiscussionAlong with the bioarchaeological and documentary evidence, the aDNA findings contribute to our understanding of life on the colonial Delaware frontier. Evidence of maternal relatedness among European‐descended individuals at the site demonstrates kin‐based settlements in 17th century Delaware and provides preliminary identifications of individuals. The maternal genetic diversity of the individuals with African descent aligns with the routes of the trans‐Atlantic slave trade but broadens our understanding of the ancestries of persons involved in it. Burial positioning, osteological pathology, and lack of maternal kinship among individuals of African descent provide tangible evidence for the emergence of racialized labor and society in Delaware during the late 17th century.