bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Network topological model of reconstructive solid-state transformations
Authors: Blatov Vladislav A. , Golov Andrey A. , Yang Changhao , Zeng Qingfeng , Kabanov Artem A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractReconstructive solid-state transformations are followed by significant changes in the system of chemical bonds, i.e. in the topology of the substance. Understanding these mechanisms at the atomic level is crucial for proper explanation and prediction of chemical reactions and phase transitions in solids and, ultimately, for the design of new materials. Modeling of solid-state transitions by geometrical, molecular dynamics or quantum-mechanical methods does not account for topological transformations. As a result, the chemical nature of the transformation processes are overlooked, which limits the predictive power of the models. We propose a universal model based on network representation of extended structures, which treats any reorganization in the solid state as a network transformation. We demonstrate this approach rationalizes the configuration space of the solid system and enables prediction of new phases that are closely related to already known phases. Some new phases and unclear transition pathways are discovered in example systems including elementary substances, ionic compounds and molecular crystals.
Flexible electrical aptasensor using dielectrophoretic assembly of graphene oxide and its subsequent reduction for cardiac biomarker detection
Authors: Sharma Abhinav , Jang Jaesung 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCardiac troponin T (cTnT) is considered a clinical standard for its high specificity and sensitivity when diagnosing acute myocardial infarction; however, most studies on the electrical sensors of cardiac troponin biomarkers have focused on cTnI rather than cTnT. This study presents label-free, low-cost, transparent, and flexible aptamer-based immunosensors for the electrical detection of cTnT using reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets. GO was first deposited by AC dielectrophoresis between two predefined source and drain electrodes on a 3-aminopropyltriethoxylsilane-modified polyethylene terephthalate substrate. The GO was then reduced using hydrazine vapour without damaging the substrate, resulting in uniform, controlled, and stable deposition of rGO sheets, and demonstrating more stability than those directly deposited by dielectrophoresis. Amine-modified single-strand DNA aptamers against cTnT were immobilized onto the rGO channels. The relative resistance change of this sensor owing to the attachment of cTnT was quantified as the cTnT concentration decreased from 10 ng/mL to 1 pg/mL in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and 10-fold diluted human serum in PBS, with the limits of detection being 1.2 pg/mL and 1.7 pg/mL, respectively, which is sufficiently sensitive for clinical applications. High-yield and rapid fabrication of the present rGO sensors will have significant influences on scaled-up fabrication of graphene-based sensors.
Buffalo milk transcriptome: A comparative analysis of early, mid and late lactation
Authors: Arora Reena , Sharma Anju , Sharma Upasna , Girdhar Yashila , Kaur Mandeep , Kapoor Prerna , Ahlawat Sonika , Vijh Ramesh Kumar 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe expression of genes and their regulation during lactation in buffaloes remains less understood. To understand the interplay of various genes and pathways, the milk transcriptome from three lactation stages of Murrah buffalo was analyzed by RNA sequencing. The filtered reads were mapped to the Bubalus bubalis as well as Bos taurus reference assemblies. The average mapping rate to water buffalo and Btau 4.6 reference sequence, was 75.5% and 75.7% respectively. Highly expressed genes (RPKM > 3000), throughout lactation included CSN2, CSN1S1, CSN3, LALBA, SPP1 and TPT1. A total of 12833 transcripts were common across all the stages, while 271, 205 and 418 were unique to early, mid and late lactation respectively. Majority of the genes throughout lactation were linked to biological functions like protein metabolism, transport and immune response. A discernible shift from metabolism in early stage to metabolism and immune response in mid stage, and an increase in immune response functions in late lactation was observed. The results provide information of candidate genes and pathways involved in the different stages of lactation in buffalo. The study also identified 14 differentially expressed and highly connected genes across the three lactation stages, which can be used as candidates for future research.
Fluorophore labelled BVDV: a novel tool for the analysis of infection dynamics
Authors: Riedel Christiane , Lamp Benjamin , Chen Hann-Wei , Heimann Manuela , Rümenapf Till 
Published: April 2019

AbstractGenetic labelling of viruses with a fluorophore allows to study their life cycle in real time, without the need for fixation or staining techniques. Within the family Flaviviridae, options for genetic labelling of non-structural proteins exist. Yet, no system to genetically label structural proteins has been put forward to date. Taking advantage of a previously described site within the structural protein E2, a fluorophore was introduced into a cytopathogenic (cpe) BVDV-1 virus (BVDVE2_fluo). This insertion was well tolerated, resulting in a 2-fold drop in titer compared to the parental virus, and remained stably integrated into the genome for more than 10 passages. The fluorophore E2 fusion protein was readily detectable in purified virus particles by Western blot and fluorescence microscopy and the particle integrity and morphology was confirmed by cryo electron microscopy. The same integration site could also be used to label the related Classical swine fever virus. Also, BVDVE2_fluo particles bound to fluorophore labelled CD46 expressing cells could be resolved in fluorescence microscopy. This underlines the applicability of BVDVE2_fluo as a tool to study the dynamics of the whole life cycle of BVDV in real time.
Safety and efficacy of non-anesthesiologist administration of propofol sedation during esophagogastroduodenoscopy in the intensive care unit
Authors: Patel Janaki , Fang John , Taylor Linda , Adler Douglas , Gawron Andrew 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background and study aims Propofol sedation is an increasingly popular method of sedation for gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures. The safety and efficacy of the non-anesthesiologist administration of propofol (NAAP) sedation has been demonstrated in the ambulatory setting. However, NAAP sedation in intensive care unit (ICU) patients has not been reported. The purpose of this study is to determine safety and efficacy of NAAP sedation in an ICU population.
Methods We retrospectively reviewed esophagogastroduodenoscopies (EGD) performed with NAAP sedation in our intensive care units from June 2014 to September 2016. All EGDs were performed for evaluation of gastrointestinal bleeding. The primary end point of this study was to analyze the incidence of sedation-related adverse events (AEs). The secondary end points included successful completion of procedure and any endoscopic interventions performed.
Results Two of 161 procedures (1.2 %) had sedation-related AEs requiring procedure termination. One hundred forty-six of 161 procedures (90.7 %) were successfully completed. Incomplete procedures were due to excess heme, retained food or obstructive lesions (13/161, 8.1 %). Endoscopic intervention was performed successfully in 17/24 cases (70.8 %) that had endoscopically treated lesions identified. One hundred six of 161 patients (66 %) were American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification III or IV.
Conclusion Our retrospective analysis demonstrated that EGDs can be successfully completed in ICU patients using NAAP sedation. When procedures cannot be completed, it is rarely due to sedation-related AEs. NAAP sedation further allows adequate examination and successful treatment of high-risk lesions. NAAP sedation appears safe and effective for endoscopic procedures in the ICU setting.
Das große Artensterben
Authors: Oberhauser Anette 
Published: April 2019

Summary2011 verschärfte eine Reform des Arzneimittelgesetzes das Inverkehrbringen für Arzneimittel jeder Art. Besonders hart, wenn auch ohne gesetzgeberische Absicht, trafen die Neuerungen Arzneimittel tierischen Ursprungs aus dem Bereich der Naturheilkunde, insbesondere Homöopathika, Nosoden und Zellextrakte. Viele Präparate verschwanden vom Markt, weil ihre Entwicklung, Produktion und Vermarktung angesichts der neuen Registrierungsbestimmungen für Hersteller nicht mehr wirtschaftlich war.
Endoscopic ultrasound findings and pathological features of pancreatic carcinoma in situ
Authors: Izumi Yoshihiro , Hanada Keiji , Okazaki Akihito , Minami Tomoyuki , Hirano Naomichi , Ikemoto Juri , Kanemitsu Kozue , Nakadoi Koichi , Shishido Takayoshi , Katamura Yoshio , Onogawa Seiji , Amano Hajime , Hino Fumiaki , Amano Hironobu , Yonehara Shuji 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background and study aims Few studies have evaluated detection of pancreatic carcinoma in situ (PCIS). We evaluated findings of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and pathological features of PCIS.
Patients and methods We histopathologically studied 16 patients with PCIS following EUS. Diagnostic features evaluated retrospectively included stricture of the main pancreatic duct (MPD) on EUS, presence or absence of hypoechoic areas surrounding the MPD stricture on EUS, the noncancerous part (pancreas of background) on EUS and histopathology, and histological findings adjacent to the area of PCIS.
Results On EUS, stricture of the MPD was found in 15 patients (93.8 %). Hypoechoic areas surrounding the MPD stricture were observed in 9 patients (56.3 %), including three (18.8 %) with a 10- to 11-mm hypoechoic mass. EUS findings of the noncancerous part indicated chronic pancreatitis in six patients (37.5 %), pancreatic fatty infiltration in seven (43.8 %), early chronic pancreatitis in two (12.5 %), and normal pancreas in one (6.3 %). Histological findings of the noncancerous part (proximal to the MPD stricture) indicated chronic pancreatitis in 13 patients (81.3 %) and pancreatic fatty infiltration in five patients (31.3 %). Histopathologically, subepithelial inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis were present in all 16 patients with PCIS.
Conclusions PCIS frequently causes localized changes in inflammation and fibrosis around the pancreatic duct. PCIS often accompanies chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic fatty infiltration in the background of the pancreas. EUS offers sufficient resolution to demonstrate pancreatic changes of PCIS.
Digital cholangioscopy can detect residual biliary stones missed by occlusion cholangiogram in ERCP: a prospective tandem study
Authors: Sejpal Divyesh , Trindade Arvind , Lee Calvin , Miller Larry , Benias Petros , Inamdar Sumant , Singh Gurshawn , Stewart Molly , George Benley , Vegesna Anil 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background and study aims After stone removal in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), an occlusion cholangiogram (OC) is performed to confirm bile duct clearance. OC can miss residual stones that can lead to recurrent biliary symptoms. The aim of this study was to assess if digital peroral cholangioscopy (POC) increased the diagnostic yield of residual biliary stones that are missed with OC.
Patients and methods Patients having ERCP performed for choledocholithiasis were enrolled into the study only if they had one of the following criteria: dilated bile duct ≥ 12 mm and/or if lithotripsy was being performed. An OC was performed to confirm duct clearance after removal of stones followed by POC, based on inclusion criteria. The incremental yield of biliary stones missed by OC but confirmed by POC was then measured. A total of 96 POC procedures were performed on 93 patients in two tertiary care centers.
Results Residual biliary stones were found in 34 % of cases. The average bile duct size in cases with residual stones was 15.1 mm ± 0.7 mm. One- to three-mm stones were found in 41 % of cases, 4- to 7-mm stones in 45 % of cases, and ≥ 8-mm stones in 14 % of cases. Lithotripsy was performed in 13 % of cases and was significantly associated with residual stones (30 % vs. 3 %, P < 0.001).
Conclusions Occlusion cholangiogram can miss residual stones in patients with dilated bile ducts and those receiving lithotripsy. Digital POC can increase the yield of residual stone detection in these patients and should be considered to confirm clearance of stones. (ClinicalTrials.gov-NCT03482375).
Ein Blick hinter die Demeter-Kulissen
Authors: Konrat Viktoria 
Published: April 2019

SummaryWofür steht das orange-weiß-grüne Demeter-Siegel eigentlich genau? Einer der Demeter-zertifizierten Höfe ist der Schwärzler Hof im Allgäu. Susanne Schwärzler gewährt spannende Einblicke in die anthroposophisch begründete Form der Landwirtschaft.
Consecutive Ring-Expansion Reactions for the Iterative Assembly of Medium-Sized Rings and Macrocycles
Authors: Stephens Thomas C. , Unsworth William P. 
Published: April 2019

Macrocycles and medium-sized rings have important applications in several scientific fields but can be challenging to make using traditional end-to-end cyclization reactions. Ring-expansion methods represent a useful alternative and offer numerous practical benefits. In this Account, we discuss the current state of the art of ring-expansion strategies that have been applied consecutively. Such methods have the power to expedite the design and synthesis of functionalized macro­cycles via the selective, iterative insertion of smaller fragments into ring-enlarged products.1	Introduction2	Insertion Reactions2.1	Transamidation/Transpeptidation2.2	Transesterification2.3	Transthioesterification2.4	Aminyl Radical Cascade2.5	Iterative Synthesis of Lactones2.6	Successive Ring Expansion of β-Ketoesters and Lactams3	Pericyclic Reactions3.1	Sulfur-Mediated Rearrangements3.2	Nitrogen-Mediated Rearrangements4	Fragmentation Reactions5	Conclusions and Future Outlook
Repeated Measures of Cervicovaginal Cytokines during Healthy Pregnancy: Understanding “Normal” Inflammation to Inform Future Screening
Authors: Buxton Miatta A. , Meraz-Cruz Noemi , Sánchez Brisa N. , Foxman Betsy , Gronlund Carina J. , Beltran-Montoya Jorge , Castillo-Castrejon Marisol , O'Neill Marie S. , Vadillo-Ortega Felipe 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Objective This study aimed to describe characteristics of cervicovaginal cytokines obtained during pregnancy from women who subsequently delivered at term.
Study Design We used repeated measures of 20 cervicovaginal cytokines, collected on average on a monthly basis, from the second to the ninth month of gestation among 181 term pregnancies in the Mexico City Pregnancy Research on Inflammation, Nutrition, & City Environment: Systematic Analyses cohort (2009–2014). Cytokines were quantified using multiplex assay.
Results Cytokine distributions differed more between than within cytokines. Across trimesters, cytokines interleukin (IL)-1Ra, IL-1α, and IL-8 consistently had high concentrations compared with other measured cytokines. Cytokine intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.41 to 0.82. Spearman's correlation coefficients among cytokine pairs varied but correlation directions were stable; 95.3% of the 190 correlation pairs remained either negative or positive across trimesters. Mean longitudinal patterns of log-transformed cytokines from Tobit regression varied across but less within cytokines.
Conclusion Although mean concentrations of cervicovaginal cytokines among term pregnancies were high, they were largely stable over time. The high cytokine concentrations corroborate that pregnancy is associated with an active inflammatory state. These characterizations may serve as a baseline for comparison to other obstetric outcomes, which may be helpful in understanding deviations from normal gestational inflammation.
Lat. scrībere in Germanic
Authors: Tarsi Matteo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe present article deals with the reflexes of Lat.scrīberein Germanic. It is proposed that the word was borrowed into Germanic at quite an early stage (1st century AD) as a result of contacts between West-Germanic-speaking populations and the Romans. Special stress is put on the importance of the Roman military in introducing the practice of writing among those that served in the army. Special attention is given to the North Germanic reflexes of Lat.scrīberein order to tentatively explain the morphological difference found in that branch of Germanic, where the verb is found both in the first class of strong verbs and in the second class of weak verbs. It is proposed that the former conjugation is primary, and that the rise of the latter is due to later developments such as lexical analogical processes and language-external causes. Furthermore, the present study confirms from a different perspective that English influence on writing is primary in the Old-West-Norse-speaking area. Finally,Schulte’s (2015)proposal is re-read in the light of terminological evidence from England and Scandinavia.
Interrogative engagement as a pragmatic and textual function in Legal Studies
Authors: Sala Michele 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This chapter investigates the use of interrogative sentences in legal studies, a domain where persuasion does not benefit from corpus-based evidence but is an eminently discourse-based construct. Questions are particularly strategic tools to align readers to the writer’s point of view and guide interpretation, since they can be employed to both organize the argumentation and anticipate problematic aspects or doubts with the purpose of neutralizing them. Based on a corpus of 90 legal research articles taken from CADIS, this chapter examines questions according to their pragmatic and textual aspect, and assesses their specificity to the legal domain by comparing their frequency and function with a reference corpus of 270 research articles in other academic domains (applied linguistics, economics and medicine).
Silence and engagement in the multimodal genre of synchronous videoconferencing lectures
Authors: Querol-Julián Mercedes , Arteaga-Martínez Blanca 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This chapter analyses how teachers, in synchronous videoconferencing lectures of Didactics in Mathematics, manage silence to promote engagement. The epistemology of Mathematics, with its specific semiotic resources, requires special consideration to guarantee an adequate acquisition of contents and teaching procedures. A qualitative approach allows the analysis of multimodal interaction during significant episodes of absence of talk, in a teaching-learning context with different communicative channels, oral for teachers (who are in front of the camera) and written for learners (who use the chat). Results reveal the importance of the multimodal strategies used to repair teachers’ and learners’ silence in two main situations: the IRF (Initiation-Response-Feedback) cycle initiated by teacher’s questions and the teaching exchange when interacting with materials.
The papacy, Inquisition and Saint Guinefort the Holy Greyhound
Authors: Rist Rebecca 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Just before 1261 the Dominican inquisitor Stephen of Bourbon (d.1261) visited an area of south-eastern France known as the Dombes, in the diocese of Lyons and there found that women were venerating a certain St Guinefort as a healer of children. He was extremely pleased to hear this, until he discovered that St Guinefort was not a holy man, but a greyhound. Furthermore, he discovered that the women of the Dombes were involved in a rite which allowed for the death of sickly babies. The medieval Church was unwavering in its condemnation of infanticide. Yet Stephen of Bourbon chose to shut down the rite, rather than impose more severe penalties, suggesting that he did not suspect ritual murder. The Church’s censure was not just a ban on a non-orthodox cult, or a theological statement that animals could not be saints, or a crackdown on magical and heretical practices – although it was all these things. It was also the condemnation of a healing cult that had got badly out of hand. The legend of St Guinefort the Holy Greyhound reveals the medieval Church engaged in a familiar struggle: to balance popular piety with orthodox teaching.
Optimization of Cellulose Isolation from Melaleuca leucadendron Twigs by Box-Behnken Design
Authors: Prasetyo D J , Maryana R , Jatmiko T H , Hernawan  , Wahono S K 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The production of Melaleuca leucadendron essential oil generates a lot of solid waste, since only under 2% take it out as the oil product. The solid waste contains cellulose as an important content which can be isolated by alkaline treatment of sodium hydroxide (NaOH). In this project, optimization of alkaline treatment of M. leucadendron twigs (MLT) waste was studied in order to obtain optimum isolated cellulose. The experiments were conducted at atmospheric pressure and boiling temperature. The 33 Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to evaluate the effects of treatment time, solid loading and NaOH concentration. Quadratic model evaluation showed that the model is a prospective to describe the effects of the variables (R2=0.8994, p<0.05). The significant variables were found in linear term of NaOH concentration and quadratic term of treatment time. The optimum result of the experimental variables range was predicted in treatment time, solid loading and NaOH concentrations of 60 minutes, 10%, and 1.83% respectively. In conclusion, BBD is appropriate to optimize cellulose isolation process of MLT.
Modulation instability of discrete angular momentum in coupled fiber rings
Authors: Maitland Calum , Faccio Daniele , Biancalana Fabio 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
We present an analysis of temporal modulation instability in a ring array of coupled optical fibers. Continuous-wave signals are shown to be unstable to perturbations carrying discrete angular momenta, both for normal and anomalous group velocity dispersion. We find the frequency spectrum of modulation instability is different for each perturbation angular momentum and depends strongly on the coupling strength between fibers in the ring. Twisting the ring array also allows the frequency spectra to be tuned through the induced tunnelling Peierls phase.