bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Specific Absorbed Fractions for Reference Paediatric Individuals
Authors:   ICRP PUBLICATION 155
Published: November 2024

The calculation of doses to organs and tissues of interest due to internally emitting radionuclides requires knowledge of the time-dependent distribution of the radionuclide, its physical decay properties, and the fraction of emitted energy absorbed per mass of the target. The latter property is quantified as the specific absorbed fraction (SAF). This publication provides photon, electron, alpha particle, and neutron (for nuclides undergoing spontaneous fission) SAF values for the suite of reference individuals. The reference individuals are defined largely by information provided in ICRP Publication 89. Some improvements and additional data are provided in this publication which define the reference individual’s source and target region masses used in the Occupational Intake of Radionuclides (OIR) and Dose Coefficients for Intakes of Radionuclides by Members of the Public series of publications. The set of reference individuals includes males and females at 0 (newborn), 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 (adult) years of age. The reference adult masses and SAFs provided in this publication are identical to those in ICRP Publication 133 and those used in the OIR series of publications. Computation of SAF values involves simulating radiation transport in computational models which represent the geometry of the reference individuals. The reference voxel phantoms of ICRP Publication 143 are used for photon and neutron transport, and most electron transport. Alpha particle transport is not necessary for large tissue regions as the short range allows for an assumption of full energy absorption (absorbed fraction of unity) for self-irradiation geometries. Additional computational models are needed for charged particles in small, overlapping, or interlaced geometries. Stylised models are described and used for electrons and alpha particles in the alimentary and respiratory tract regions. Image-based models are used to compute SAFs for charged particles within the skeleton. This publication is accompanied by an electronic supplement which includes files containing SAFs for each radiation type in each reference individual. The supplement also includes source and target region masses for each reference individual, as well as skeletal dose–response functions for photons incident upon the skeleton. © 2024 ICRP. Published by SAGE.
The Relationship Between Missed Nursing Care and Nurse Job Satisfaction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Algin Aydolu , Yesilbas Hande , Kantek Filiz 
Published: November 2024

Background: Missed nursing care is a global issue that refers to any aspect of patient care that is partially or entirely omitted or delayed. Although many studies have examined the relationship between missed nursing care and nurse job satisfaction, there is no synthesized evidence of these findings. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between missed nursing care and nurse job satisfaction. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out by searching the following databases: Web of Science, Scopus, EBSCO, PubMed, Science Direct, Cochrane, and Springer Link. The risk of bias was assessed using the Quality Assessment and Validity Tool for Correlational Studies. A random-effects model was used in the meta-analysis. Results: Out of 13 619 identified reports, 8 studies involving 10 418 nurses were identified as eligible for the meta-analysis. A significant negative relationship between missed nursing care and nurse job satisfaction was identified, with the summary effect size of r = −0.294 (95% CI: −0.364 to −0.219, P < .001). Conclusions: The meta-analysis presented evidence regarding the significance of missed care in influencing nurse job satisfaction. As missed nursing care decreases, nurses’ job satisfaction may increase.
A survey of bridging bone on chest radiography shows a greater than expected prevalence of marginal syndesmophytes
Authors: Srivastava Ankur , Miao Timothy , Yan Yi , Wozniak Artur , Howey Joanne , Roth Michael , Garvin Gregory J 
Published: November 2024

Background The recognition of thin marginal spinal syndesmophytes is important, in part due to their association with non-traumatic or mildly traumatic vertebral fractures. Purpose To determine a lower limit on the prevalence of marginal spinal syndesmophytes using chest radiographs. Material and Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of 500 chest radiographs, assessing the prevalence of thin marginal syndesmophytes, bridging or near-bridging osteophytes, and flowing paravertebral ossifications in the thoracic intervertebral discs among individuals aged 16 years and older in a North American city. Results Among the 500 participants, we observed that thin vertical marginal syndesmophytes were present in 17 (3.4%) cases, bridging or near-bridging osteophytes were present in 126 (25.2%) cases, and flowing paravertebral ossifications were present in 37 (7.4%) cases. Out of the 17 participants with thin marginal syndesmophytes, 10 exhibited a bamboo-like spine appearance, defined as the presence of ≥4 contiguous levels of bridging marginal syndesmophytes. Analysis of syndesmophyte distribution per vertebral level indicated a higher frequency of involvement in the mid to lower thoracic spine, maximal at T9/10. Conclusions The presence of thin marginal syndesmophytes in the thoracic spine on routine chest radiographs is substantially more prevalent than would be anticipated based on the existing literature. The feasibility of reliably identifying these syndesmophytes in the spine and the impact of this on morbidity should be further investigated due to their association with advanced ankylosing spondylitis and their susceptibility to fractures.
Effect of body mass index on immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy in patients with advanced cancer
Authors: Alkan Şen Gülin , Şentürk Öztaş Nihan , Değerli Ezgi , Guliyev Murad , Turna Hande , Özgüroğlu Mustafa 
Published: November 2024

Background: The need for predictive factors regarding the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is increasing. Recent research indicates that an enhanced response to ICIs is associated with a higher body mass index (BMI). This study aims to evaluate the relationship between response to ICIs and BMI in solid tumors. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients with advanced cancer treated with ICIs at one academic center. We compared the treatment responses of patients classified as underweight/normal weight (BMI <25) and overweight/obese (BMI ⩾ 25) according to their BMI at the initiation of ICI treatment. After excluding underweight patients, we also compared the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of normal-weight, overweight, and obese patients. Results: Overall, 113 patients were evaluated. Forty-seven (41.6%) patients had BMI <25 and 66 (58.4%) patients had a BMI ⩾ 25. In underweight/normal patients, median PFS was 7.7 months (95% CI: 4.7-10.6) while it was 8.0 months (95% CI: 4.1–11.9) in overweight/obese patients (HR 1.16, 95% CI: (0.76-1.75), p=0.477). In underweight/normal patients, the median OS was 21.7 months (95% CI: 11.6-31.7) compared to 18.7 months (95% CI: 12.7-24.6) in overweight/obese patients (HR 1.06, 95% CI: (0.69-1.64), p=0.774). The objective response rate (ORR) was 38.3% in underweight/normal patients and 34.8% in overweight/obese patients (p = 0.707). After excluding underweight patients, there were also no significant differences in PFS (p = 0.914), OS (p = 0.642), and ORR (p = 0.909) between patients of normal weight, overweight, and obesity. Conclusion: Our research found no correlation between BMI and response to ICIs. Additional prospective studies are necessary to assess the effect of BMI on the response to ICIs.
Efficiency and Heat Production of Ultrasonic Osteotome Strategy in Robot-Assisted Laminectomy
Authors: Wang Chengxia , Li Zhuofu , Jiang Shuai , Zhong Woquan , Li Weishi 
Published: November 2024

Study Design A biomechanical study. Objective We aimed to assess temperature fluctuations when applying the ultrasonic osteotome during laminectomy and identify the most appropriate cutting method for robot-assisted laminectomy to mitigate the risk of heat-related injuries. Methods Utilizing a robotic system for laminectomy, the study implemented the ultrasonic bone scalpel to cut both artificial polyurethane bones and animal spinal bones. The research focused on comparing and analyzing the maximum temperature of the inner surface of four types of artificial bones through three different cutting techniques: vertical constant cutting at speeds of .5 mm/s and 1 mm/s, as well as robot-assisted vertical reciprocating cutting. After the initial results, two optimal vertical cutting approaches were selected for subsequent trials, evaluating the effectiveness and temperature impact of various ultrasonic osteotome modes on 10 isolated spinal bones from pigs. Results When cutting polyurethane bones, reciprocating cutting demonstrated the lowest maximum temperature in contrast to constant speed cutting at .5 mm/s and 1 mm/s. In the animal bone trial, direct cutting registered an average maximum temperature of 43.25°C with an average cutting duration of 688.3 s, while reciprocating cutting recorded an average maximum temperature of 34.20°C with an average cutting time of 713.0 s. Conclusions The reciprocating cutting strategy utilized in robot-assisted ultrasonic osteotome is effective in reducing heat generation and maintaining high cutting efficiency.
Defining Clinically Significant Outcome Thresholds for the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) at 2 Years After Gluteus Medius and/or Minimus Repair
Authors: Gilat Ron , Vogel Michael J. , Kazi Omair , Nho Shane J. 
Published: November 2024

Background: Clinically significant outcome (CSO) thresholds are invaluable to the interpretation of patient-reported outcomes (PROs). The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) is gaining popularity among the orthopaedic community; however, CSO thresholds for PROMIS are yet to be defined for outcomes after gluteus medius and/or minimus (GM) repair. Purpose: To (1) define CSO thresholds for PROMIS–Pain Interference (PROMIS-PI) and PROMIS–Physical Function (PROMIS-PF) after GM repair, (2) correlate these PROMIS scores with legacy hip-specific PROs, and (3) quantify their floor and ceiling effects. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Consecutive patients who underwent primary GM repair between September 2017 and June 2021 with completed PROMIS at minimum 2-year follow-up were evaluated. The minimal clinically important difference, Patient Acceptable Symptom State, and substantial clinical benefit thresholds were defined for the PROMIS-PI and PROMIS-PF as well as for legacy PROs: Hip Outcome Score–Activities of Daily Living (HOS-ADL) and Hip Outcome Score–Sports Subscale (HOS-SS); modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS); 12-item International Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT-12); and the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain and satisfaction. Pearson correlations were performed between PROMIS scores and legacy PROs. Rates of floor and ceiling effects were quantified. Results: Overall, 107 patients (81.7% follow-up compliance; mean age, 59.8 ± 8.8 years; 92.5% female; mean body mass index, 28.6 ± 6.3 kg/m2) were included in the analysis. GM tears were partial thickness in 56.1% of cases and treated endoscopically in 64.5% of cases. The minimal clinically important difference, Patient Acceptable Symptom State, and substantial clinical benefit thresholds, respectively, were as follows: PROMIS-PI (–4.6, 56.0, 52.6), PROMIS-PF (3.5, 42.7, 43.7), HOS-ADL (10.7, 68.2, 78.6), HOS-SS (16.5, 58.6, 60.6), mHHS (9.0, 64.3, 71.5), iHOT-12 (14.2, 63.6, 69.4), VAS pain (–16.1, 34.9, 28.1), and VAS satisfaction (not applicable, 70.9, 93.6). Moderate to strong correlations were observed between the PROMIS and legacy PROs. The PROMIS-PI showed a significant postoperative floor effect of 18.7%. Conclusion: Study findings indicated that the PROMIS is effective for use in GM repair patients, given the moderate-to-strong correlations between the PROMIS and legacy hip-specific PROs, the mostly limited floor and ceiling effects, and large effect sizes. Use of PROMIS instead of legacy PROs may aid in limiting survey burden.
Analytical investigation on the rotational behavior of dovetail mortise–tenon joints between beams and columns in traditional Chinese timber frames
Authors: Li Zherui , Kitamori Akihisa , Zhang Xicheng , Wu Yajie , Zhang Lipeng , Xue Jianyang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe theoretically analyzed the rotational behavior of beam–column dovetail joints in traditional Chinese timber frames in this study. An analytical model of dovetail joints at both the column head and body was designed by clarifying the moment generation mechanism and effect of rotational embedment yielding in timber perpendicular to the grain on the rotational behavior of joints. An asynchronous manifestation of rotational embedment deformation across the column surface, tenon cheeks, and upper and lower surfaces of the tenon head was analyzed, and the corresponding characteristic yield points and consequent reduction in rotational stiffness were derived in the model. The Inayama embedment theory was used to clarify the effect of rotational embedment with varying end lengths on the movement of the joint rotation center and asymmetric moment generated in different rotation directions of the column head joint. The precision of the analytical model was validated through a comparative analysis by involving nine sets of experimental data, for estimating the initial stiffness, post-yield stiffness, and identified yield points. The implications of the parameters, including the initial gap between the tenon and mortise, geometric dimensions of the dovetail tenon, and friction coefficient, were also discussed. Controlling the ratio of the initial gap and tenon height within 0.01 to ensure a certain rotational resistance of dovetail beam–column joints within the collapse limits of traditional timber frames is recommended considering the significant effect of the initial gap on the initial sliding angle and moment reduction.
Exploring hybrid models for identifying locations for active mobility pathways using real-time spatial Delphi and GANs
Authors: Calleo Yuri , Giuffrida Nadia , Pilla Francesco 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe spatial planning process is considered an extremely complex system, as it comprises different variables that interrelate and interact with each other. Effectively addressing this spatial complexity necessitates a multidisciplinary approach, as unified methodologies may prove insufficient. Specifically, in urban planning, it is increasingly crucial to prioritize bike lanes, bike stations, and pedestrian zones, for functional transportation infrastructures. This approach can enhance cities by improving air quality, reducing emissions, and boosting public health and safety through physical activity and accident prevention. However, implementing these changes requires careful planning, community engagement, and stakeholder collaboration. This paper proposes a hybrid model for identifying optimal locations for bike lanes, bike stations, and pedestrian zones adopting Real-Time Spatial Delphi and Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). The Real-Time Spatial Delphi is a modified version of the traditional Delphi method that incorporates real-time feedback and visualization of group response in real-time, aiming to achieve a convergence of opinions among experts on the territory. Nevertheless, these judgments are a spatial representation not visible in reality, and with the spread of artificial intelligence models, different implementations can support the planning process, such as the use of GANs. In this case, GANs can be exploited by adopting pre-existing location images resulting from experts’ judgments to illustrate the proposed intervention’s visual impact. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our hybrid model, we apply it to the city of Dublin. The results showcased how the method helps stakeholders, policymakers, and citizens in visualizing the proposed changes and gauging their potential impact with greater precision.
Older patients affected by COVID-19: investigating the existence of biological phenotypes
Authors: Zucchelli Alberto , Parigi Marta , Giliani Silvia , Vetrano Davide Liborio , Lucente Daniela , Marzetti Emanuele , Calvani Riccardo , Bellelli Giuseppe , Marengoni Alessandra 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Introduction
COVID-19 provides an opportunity to examine biological phenotypes (observable morphological, functional and biological characteristics) in individuals who experience the same acute condition, potentially revealing differences in response to acute external stressors. The aim our study was to investigate biological phenotypes in older patients hospitalized for COVID-19, exploiting a panel of aging biomarkers.

Methods
Data were gathered from the FRACOVID Project, an observational multicenter study, aimed to evaluate the impact of frailty on health-related outcomes in patients 60 + with COVID-19 in Northern Italy. A hierarchical cluster analysis was run using log-transformed and scaled values of TNF-a, IL-1 beta, IL-6, PAI-1, GDF-15, NT-proBNP, and Cystatin C evaluated at admission.

Results
Eighty-one participants (mean age 75.3 years; 60.5% male) were evaluated. Frailty was identified in 42% of the sample and 27.2% were unable to ambulate outdoors. The mean hospital stay was 24.7 days, with an in-hospital mortality rate of 18.5%. Three biological phenotypes were found: (1) ‘inflammatory’, with high inflammatory biomarkers; (2) ‘organ dysfunction’, characterized by elevated cystatin C and NT-proBNP, and lower inflammatory markers; and (3) ‘unspecific’, with lower NT-proBNP and GDF-15 levels, and intermediate concentrations of other biomarkers. The ’organ dysfunction’ phenotype showed the highest mean age and prevalence of frailty, disability, and chronic diseases. The ‘inflammatory‘ phenotype showed the highest burden of respiratory and systemic signs and symptoms of infection.

Conclusion
Biological phenotypes might be used to identify different clinical and functional phenotypes in individuals affected by COVID-19.
Retention rate of giomer S-PRG filler containing pit and fissure sealant applied with or without etching: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Elmokanen Manar Abdelmageed , Gad Hadier Mahmoud Ahmed 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Pit and fissure sealant is a micro-invasive modality for treating deep and retentive pits and fissures to prevent and/or stop occlusal caries. Every effort needs to be done to enhance sealant retention and survival. The aim of this research is to assess the retention rate of giomer S-PRG filler containing pit and fissure sealant applied with or without etching.

Methods
Overall, 52 patients were included in this trial and they were allocated randomly in 2 groups (n = 26). Group 1 (control group) received giomer sealant (Beautisealant, Shofu, Kyoto, Japan) without an etching step, and group 2 (intervention group) received the same but with a separate preparatory etching step before the sealant application. The retention rate of the sealant was assessed over one year at 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months. Intergroup comparison between categorical variables was done using the chi square test, while intragroup comparison was done using Cochran’s q test followed by multiple comparisons. Relative risk was used to evaluate the clinical significance. Survival rate was analyzed using Kaplan-meier and Log-rank test.

Results
Intergroup comparison between both techniques revealed statistically significant difference within different follow up periods (P < 0.05). Intragroup comparison within both giomer sealant with etching group and giomer sealant without etching group revealed statistically significant difference between different follow-up periods (P < 0.001). There was 69% less risk for total loss or partial loss of giomer sealant with etching when compared to giomer sealant without etching after 12 months.

Conclusion
An initial preparatory step of etching to the enamel surface is crucial before giomer sealant application to enhance its bonding, increase its retention and promote its survival.

Trial registration
Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04929782. Registered 14 July 2024 - Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06509451
Harmonizing measurements: establishing a common metric via shared items across instruments
Authors: Eekhout Iris , Weber Ann M. , van Buuren Stef 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
The proliferation of instruments that define instrument-specific metrics impedes progress in comparative assessment across populations. This paper explores a method to extract a common metric from related but different instruments and transform the original measurements into scores with a standard unit of measurement.

Methods
Existing data from four assessment instruments of child development, collected from three different samples of children, were used to create “equate clusters” of items that measure the same behaviour in (slightly) different ways. A probability model was formulated to identify best items and groups to serve as anchors linking the instruments, assuming that items in an anchoring or “active” equate cluster are psychometrically equivalent. Quantification and inspection of item characteristic curves were used to resolve which equate clusters should be active. We simulated the impact of various analytic choices.

Results
Simulation confirmed the feasibility of creating a common metric from data collected with different instruments from respondent samples with different abilities. The method performed as expected in an application in early childhood development.

Conclusions
The use of equate clusters is an intuitive and flexible way to establish a common metric across instruments and facilitates the transformation of measurements obtained to a standardized scale. Standardizing instrument scores to a common metric allows for population-level comparisons on a global scale.