bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loss of Antigen Presentation in Adipose Tissue Macrophages or in Adipocytes, but Not Both, Improves Glucose Metabolism
Authors: Blaszczak Alecia M. , Wright Valerie P. , Anandani Kajol , Liu Joey , Jalilvand Anahita , Bergin Stephen , Nicoloro Sarah M. , Czech Michael P. , Lafuse William , Deng Tuo , Bradley David , Hsueh Willa A. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Macrophages, B cells, and adipocytes are among the adipose tissue (AT) APCs that differentiate and activate naive CD4+ T cells. Mice with adipocyte loss of MHC class II (MHC II) are more insulin sensitive. Because macrophages are professional APCs, mice with genetic myeloid MHC II depletion (myeloid MHC II knockout [mMHCII−/−]) were created and metabolically characterized. FITC+ glucan-coated particles (glucan-encapsulated small interfering RNA [siRNA] particles [GeRPs]) were also used to target MHC II knockout specifically in AT macrophages (ATMs). Mice with total body mMHCII−/− were generated by crossing LyzMCre with H2Ab1 floxed mice. For specific ATM depletion of H2Ab1, GeRPs containing H2Ab1 siRNA were administered to high-fat diet–fed C57BL/6 mice. Unexpectedly, mMHCII−/− mice had loss of both macrophage and adipocyte H2Ab1, one of only two Ag-presenting arms; thus, neither cell could present Ag and activate CD4+ T cells. This inability led to a reduction in AT immunosuppressive regulatory T cells, increased AT CD8+ T cells, and no improvement in systemic metabolism. Thus, with combined systemic myeloid and adipocyte MHC II loss, the impact of ATM-specific alterations in APC activity could not be delineated. Therefore, GeRPs containing H2Ab1 siRNA were administered to specifically reduce ATM H2Ab1 which, in contrast, revealed improved glucose tolerance. In conclusion, loss of either ATM or adipocyte APC function, but not both, improves systemic glucose metabolism because of maintenance of AT regulatory T cells.
The First Decade of Web-Based Sports Injury Surveillance: Descriptive Epidemiology of Injuries in US High School Girls' Lacrosse (2008–2009 Through 2013–2014) and National Collegiate Athletic Association Women's Lacrosse (2004–2005 Through 2013–2014)
Authors: Pierpoint Lauren A. , Caswell Shane V. , Walker Nina , Lincoln Andrew E. , Currie Dustin W. , Knowles Sarah B. , Wasserman Erin B. , Dompier Thomas P. , Comstock R. Dawn , Marshall Stephen W. , Kerr Zachary Y. 
Published: March 2019

Context
The advent of Web-based sports injury surveillance via programs such as the High School Reporting Information Online (HS RIO) system and the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program (NCAA-ISP) has aided the acquisition of girls' and women's lacrosse injury data.

Objective
To describe the epidemiology of injuries sustained in high school girls' lacrosse in the 2008–2009 through 2013–2014 academic years and collegiate women's lacrosse in the 2004–2005 through 2013–2014-academic years using Web-based sports injury surveillance.

Design
Descriptive epidemiology study.

Setting
Online injury surveillance from high school girls' (annual average = 55) and collegiate women's (annual average = 19) lacrosse teams.

Patients or Other Participants
Female lacrosse players who participated in practices or competitions during the 2008–2009 through 2013–2014 academic years for high school or the 2004–2005 through 2013–2014 academic years for college.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Athletic trainers collected time-loss injury (≥24 hours) and exposure data. We calculated injury rates per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs), injury rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and injury proportions by body site and diagnosis.

Results
High school RIO documented 700 time-loss injuries during 481 687 AEs; the NCAA-ISP documented 1027 time-loss injuries during 287 856 AEs. The total injury rate during 2008–2009 through 2013–2014 was higher in college than in high school (2.55 versus 1.45/1000 AEs; IRR = 1.75; 95% CI = 1.54, 1.99). Most injuries occurred during competitions in high school (51.1%) and practices in college (63.8%). Rates were higher during competitions compared with practices in high school (IRR = 2.32; 95% CI = 2.00, 2.69) and college (IRR = 2.38; 95% CI = 2.09, 2.70). Concussion was the most common diagnosis among all high school and most collegiate player positions, and the main mechanism of contact was with a playing apparatus (eg, stick, ball). Ligament sprains were also common (HS RIO practices = 22.2%, competitions = 30.3%; NCAA-ISP practices = 25.5%, competitions = 30.9%).

Conclusions
Rates of injury were higher in college versus high school female lacrosse players and in competitions versus practices. Injury-prevention strategies are essential to decrease the incidence and severity of concussions and ligament sprains.
Micropropagation of Operculina turpethum (L.) Silva Manso through Nodal Segment, Apical Bud and Cotyledon
Authors: Gurav Arun M , Mhase Archana G , Sinha Ritu , Kumar Suresh , Rao Gajendra , Prasad Goli P , Mangal Anupam K , Srikanth Narayanam 
Published: March 2019

Aim:
To develop in vitro propagation protocol of a rare, vulnerable and endangered important medicinal plant Operculina turpethum (L.) Silva Manso (Trivrit) through organogenesis.

Materials and methods:
Seeds collected from Institute's garden were pretreated and inoculated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. Cotyledon, axillary bud and nodal segments of in vitro grown plants were used as explants. Explants were cultured on half MS, MS, whites plain medium and MS supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of plant growth regulators viz., BAP, AS, Kn, NAA, IAA, IBA. Cultures were incubated at 22° C ± 2°C and 8 hours photoperiod with light intensity of 3000 lux. Observations were recorded at an interval of 15 to 25 days.

Result:
The average maximum number of shoots 19.72 ± 0.240 achieved on MS supplemented with BAP (3 mg/L). 100% root induction was obtained on half MS, MS, Whites medium alone and the combination of MS with 1 to 4 mg/L concentrations of NAA, IBA, IAA. In vitro developed plantlets were transferred in the pots; which were easily acclimatized and established in the soil.

Conclusion:
The developed micropropagation protocol is beneficial for the rapid proliferation of shoots and root. The protocol would be helpful for mass multiplication as well as to conserve the rare and endangered plant of Trivrit.
Comparative Evaluation of Thin-layer Chromatography/ High-performance Thin-layer Chromatography Fingerprint Profiles of Successive Extracts in Development of Standardization Protocol for Ayurvedic, Siddha or Unani Formulations
Authors: Cheemalapati Venkata N , Balasundaram Maheshwari , Meena Ajay K , Singh Ravindra , Ilavarasan Raju , Srikanth Narayanam 
Published: March 2019

Aim:

Trikatu churna is an important and unique polyherbal formulation used for various therapeutic indications. The World Health Organization (WHO) has emphasized the need to ensure the quality of medicinal plant products and herbal formulations by using any modern controlled techniques. High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) is a frequently used technique to develop the chromatographic fingerprints. Therefore, the present study was carried out for quality evaluation of Trikatu churna through the development of standardization protocol with comparative HPTLC fingerprint profiles of successive extracts besides routine analysis.

Materials and methods:
Successive extracts of various solvents of polarity in increasing order through soxhlet apparatus for Trikatu churna and its authenticated raw materials were prepared; comparative chromatographic fingerprint profiles developed along with the evaluation of qualitative and quantitative tests parameters have been carried out by using the Ultraviolet (UV)–visible spectrophotometer, flame photometer, and atomic absorption spectrophotometer.

Results:
The following test parameters physicochemical parameters, evaluation of qualitative, quantitative phytochemicals such as total tannins, sugars and phenols, micronutrients such as sodium (Na), potassium (K); safety parameters such as microbial load, heavy metals and aflatoxins; comparative TLC and HPTLC fingerprint profiles of successive extracts of ingredients in increasing the polarity order of the solvents (n–hexane to alcohol) with respect to that of consecutive extracts of the final polyherbal formulation have been carried out for the quality evaluation.

Conclusion:

Trikatu churna was evaluated for its identity and purity by the systematic analysis of the above parameters for raw botanical ingredients and formulation in the course of development of standardization protocol for quality control.
Exploration of Polyherbal Formulations Used by Folk Healers of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
Authors: Mane Santosh S , Peethambaram Sinimol T , Masram Pravin R , Rath Chinmay , Bonthu Susmitha , Gaur Sugriv K , Narayanam Srikanth , Rattna Joseph GV 
Published: March 2019

Introduction:Various communities settled in Andaman and Nicobar Islands along with native tribes still possess a rich treasure of traditional medicinal knowledge. It is very necessary to document their indigenous knowledge of health and healthcare practices before they become used to the modern medicine and forgot to use native plants in their day-to-day practice. In the traditional system of medicine, plant-based medications are mostly used since time immemorial. This knowledge of the drug, drug preparations either from single or combination of numerous plants, i.e., poly herbalism orally descended from generations to generations uninterruptedly.Objectives:Documentation of the polyherbal (compound) formulations practiced by the native of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India.Materials and methods:The team of Regional Research Centre of Ayurveda, Port Blair conducted 23 periodical surveys visiting 75 different forest beats of Andaman and Nicobar Islands during 2013 to 2016, and local traditional folk healers were also interviewed as per the structured questionnaire based on ethno-medicinal survey protocol.Observations:Sixty-nine folklore claims related to compound formulation was registered during surveys; out of which maximum, i.e., 12 claims were for treatment of fever (Jwara) and 7 for pain in the abdomen (Udarashoola). The plantsAnnona squamosaL. andSenna occidentalis(L.) Link. Syn.Cassia occidentalisLink. were used as an ingredient in 12 formulations to cure a maximum number of ailments. Fresh leaves were mostly used in preparing the compound formulation (92.42%), and medicines were mostly used in the form ofSwarasa(39.13%) and followed byKalka(30.43%).Conclusion:Native folk healers of Andaman and Nicobar Islands are using a wide variety of Ayurvedic compound formulation so further well planned pharmacological, toxicological and clinical studies required to confirm the efficacy of these folklore claims to develop new formulations.
Ethnomedicinal and Dietary Uses of Cissus quadrangularis L. (Asthishrinkhala) from the Tribes, Rural People and Traditional Healers of Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Prasad Goli P , Pratap Goli P , Meenakshi Vaddi , Pal Prince K , Srikanth Narayanam 
Published: March 2019

Aims:
To document and explore the ethnomedico botanical claims, folklore claims and dietary recipes of Cissus quadrangularis L. of Vitaceae family.

Materials and methods:
The study has aimed to review the 161 tribal individuals like traditional healers, tribal doctors and elder people in the field trips on their daily utilization of C. quadrangularis L. plant. The data were collected through conversation during the field trips. During the interviews, local names, useful plant parts, the method of preparation and dosage were recorded. The plants employed along C. quadrangularis L. were systematically identified by comparing with the assistance of related flora like "The Flora of Presidency of Madras" by Gamble (1936) and other related works.

Results:
The present study reveals 19 ethnomedical claims on C. quadrangularis L. collected from various tribal pockets of Andhra Pradesh and three dietary recipes from rural people residing in different habitats of Andhra Pradesh.

Conclusion:
With this investigation, it can be concluded that C. quadrangularis L. is an abundantly accessible restorative plant with an assortment of symptoms. It is utilized as a part of the bone recuperating agent in bone fractures by the tribes, conventional healers and additionally bolstered by traditional Ayurvedic literature by the name Asthishrinkhala. It is likewise a great dietary hotspot for bio calcium and bone wellbeing. Advance pharmacological, clinical and dietary investigations may divulge numerous esteems that are more helpful and exhibit as capable nourishing help in numerous more maladies including bone well being.

Clinical significance:
In Ayurvedic literature, it is mainly used in bone fractures, diseases of the eye, worm infestation, hemorrhoids, etc., diseases, some of the tribal claims support these indications some are unique and new like in constipation, dysmenorrhoea, etc. Along with stem some of the tribes are using its leaves, roots, etc. in different diseases. Pharmacological investigations on these claims can explore strategies for rendering new drugs to eradicate diseases clinically. Dishes prepared from C. quadrangularis L. may support as dietary supplements in clinical conditions like osteoporosis, osteopenia, etc. which needs further validation.
Folklore Plants from Kamakhya Hills Reserve Forest of Assam, India with their Ayurvedic Indications and Corroborated Pharmacological Activities
Authors: Bora Devanjal , Bora Manajit , Dubey Neha 
Published: March 2019

Aim:
The present communication deals with the report of Medico-ethnobotanical claims and folklore medicinal plants documented during the survey made to Kamakhya Hills Reserve Forest of Nagaon Forest Division situated in Central Assam region in South bank of the mighty river Brahmaputra.

Materials and methods:
Field surveys were conducted in the study area where four folk healers were interviewed for documentation of Medico-ethnobotanical information. The reported folklore plant specimens are collected, identified and preserved.

Results:
The reported folk claims involve 18 medicinal plants under 18 genera represented by 15 families. Corroborative Ayurvedic indications and reported pharmacological activities have been reviewed against documented folklore medicinal plants for further validation of folk claims. From the review, it is evident that there are total four plant species reported as the folk medicine of the region are not mentioned in any classical Ayurvedic texts as well as in Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API). Among these, one plant species have come up with novel disease indications without having corroborative disease indications in Ayurvedic system of medicine as well as in reported pharmacological activities.

Conclusion:
Novel folklore plants are suggested for further validation and screening.

Significance:
Corroboration with Ayurvedic indication and reported pharmacological activities will validate the use of the folklore plant.
Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Activity of an Ayurvedic Liniment Formulation
Authors: Biswas Rajarshi , Kanjilal Satyajyoti , Dey Amitabha , Mana Supriya , Bhatt Bibhuti N , Pandit Subrata , Chakraborty Pallabi , Gandhi Deepa , Maurya Ravi P , Narwaria Avinash , Maity Subhasis , Katiyar Chandra K 
Published: March 2019

Aim:
The objective of these studies was to assess the antiinflammatory and analgesic activity claim of an Ayurvedic liniment (ZRL) formulation prepared basis the wisdom of classical formulations.

Materials and methods:
Carrageenan-induced paw edema was used to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity. Analgesic activity was examined using hot plate method and tail flick method. The efficacy of the topically applied ZRL formulation was evaluated vis-à-vis control.

Results:
The percentage of reduction of paw volume after ZRL treatment and standard diclofenac Gel were 49.18 ± 2.12 and 81.79 ± 1.24 respectively. In Eddy's hot plate model, after a latency period of 2 hours following topical application of the ZRL formulation, there was a significant reduction (66%) to painful sensation compare to control. In tail flick method, 89% reduction to painful sensation was observed with respect to pretreatment.

Conclusion:
The present study provided a scientific justification for pain relief and management of inflammation, by showing its peripheral and central acting anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties

Clinical significance:
The present in vivo anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of ZRL formulation showed its potential in the management of pain and inflammation associated with musculoskeletal disorders. The taila formulation is in clinical use for management of pain associated with musculoskeletal and neurological disorders.
Drug Development for Select Diseases
Authors: Khanduri Shruti , Sharma Bhagwan S , Goel Sumeet , Rao BCS , Maheshwar Thugutla , Singh Arjun , Rath Chinmay , Gaidhani Sudesh N , Srikanth Narayanam 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences (CCRAS) is actively involved in the scientific process of drug development adopting prevalent guidelines such as good clinical practices guidelines for Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani (ASU) drugs (GCP-ASU), Ministry of AYUSH and National ethical guidelines for Bio-medical Research (ICMR), WHO guidelines for traditional medicines, etc.

Drug developed:
Till date, 11 technologies have been developed and commercialized by transferring to the Industry through National Research Development Corporation (NRDC), Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India, for wider public utility including drugs for disease like AYUSH 82 for diabetes, AYUSH-64 for malaria, AYUSH SG for rheumatoid arthritis etc, also 17 drugs for RCH have been developed.

Drug development under progress:
Various new formulations like AYUSH manas for mental retardation/cognitive deficit, AYUSH QOL 2C for improving quality of life in cancer patients, AYUSH Rasayana (A and B) for Geriatric health, AYUSH C1 oil for wound healing, AYUSH PJ-7 for dengue, AYUSH M-3 for migraine, AYUSH SL for filariasis, AYUSH A for bronchial asthma, AYUSH D for Type II diabetes mellitus, carctol S for ovarian cancer, AYUSH K1 for chronic kidney diseases, AYUSH GMH for non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and AYUSH PTK for hepato-protection as adjuvant to anti tubercular treatment (ATT) have been taken up which are at different phases of drug development.

Conclusion:
Council is working towards drug development following scientific lines taking leads from LHTs and from classical Ayurveda texts to bring out scientifically validated medicine for use among masses in disease conditions of National importance and is committed to develop and provide treatment and prevention of emerging important lifestyle-related disease and other health requirements.
Concentrations, composition, and sources of ice-nucleating particles in the Canadian High Arctic during spring 2016
Authors: Si Meng , Evoy Erin , Yun Jingwei , Xi Yu , Hanna Sarah J. , Chivulescu Alina , Rawlings Kevin , Veber Daniel , Platt Andrew , Kunkel Daniel , Hoor Peter , Sharma Sangeeta , Leaitch W. Richard , Bertram Allan K. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Modelling studies suggest that the climate and the
hydrological cycle are sensitive to the concentrations of ice-nucleating
particles (INPs). However, the concentrations, composition, and sources of
INPs in the atmosphere remain uncertain. Here, we report daily concentrations
of INPs in the immersion freezing mode and tracers of mineral dust (Al, Fe,
Ti, and Mn), sea spray aerosol (Na+ and Cl−), and anthropogenic
aerosol (Zn, Pb, NO3-, NH4+, and non-sea-salt
SO42-) at Alert, Canada, during a 3-week campaign in March 2016.
In total, 16 daily measurements of INPs are reported. The average INP
concentrations measured in the immersion freezing mode were
0.005±0.002, 0.020±0.004, and 0.186±0.040 L−1 at −15,
−20, and −25 ∘C, respectively. These concentrations are within
the range of concentrations measured previously in the Arctic at ground
level or sea level. Mineral dust tracers all correlated with INPs at
−25 ∘C (correlation coefficient, R, ranged from 0.70 to 0.76),
suggesting that mineral dust was a major contributor to the INP population
at −25 ∘C. Particle dispersion modelling suggests that the
source of the mineral dust may have been long-range transport from the Gobi
Desert. Sea spray tracers were anti-correlated with INPs at −25 ∘C
(R=-0.56). In addition, INP concentrations at −25 ∘C divided by
mass concentrations of aluminum were anti-correlated with sea spray
tracers (R=-0.51 and −0.55 for Na+
and Cl−, respectively), suggesting that the components of sea spray
aerosol suppressed the ice-nucleating ability of mineral dust in the
immersion freezing mode. Correlations between INPs and anthropogenic aerosol
tracers were not statistically significant. These results will improve our
understanding of INPs in the Arctic during spring.
Qualidade ambiental da área urbana de Paranaguá, Pr.
Authors: Tonetti Emerson Luis , Nucci João Carlos , Jorge Felipe Vanhoni 
Published: March 2019

O presente estudo teve por objetivo identificar e representar cartograficamente a qualidade ambiental em um segmento urbano do Município de Paranaguá, no litoral do Estado do Paraná. A carta de qualidade ambiental urbana foi elaborada com base no levantamento e representação cartográfica de parâmetros negativos de determinados critérios em escalas que valorizem o cotidiano do cidadão, que foram: cobertura vegetal reduzida ou ausente, arborização viária reduzida ou ausente, usos do solo e vias potencialmente poluidores, ausência de espaços de uso público e livres de edificação e suas áreas de influência, verticalidade das edificações acima de quatro pavimentos, áreas frequentemente inundáveis e/ou alagáveis, calçadas e ciclovias com dificuldades para o deslocamento de pedestres ou ciclista. Evidenciou-se uma grande área com baixa qualidade ambiental que acompanha o traçado das principais vias de acesso rodoviário e ferroviário ao Porto Dom Pedro II. Da mesma forma, a intensa presença do uso comercial e\ou a intensidade do tráfego de veículos leves em muitas localidades favorecem as perdas da qualidade ambiental da área estudada.
Palavras chave: Paranaguá, qualidade ambiental, planejamento da paisagem.