bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three-Dimensional Printed Models for Lateral Skull Base Surgical Training: Anatomy and Simulation of the Transtemporal Approaches
Authors: Mooney Michael A , Cavallo Claudio , Zhou James J , Bohl Michael A , Belykh Evgenii , Gandhi Sirin , McBryan Sarah , Stevens Shawn M , Lawton Michael T , Almefty Kaith K , Nakaji Peter 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Three-dimensional (3D) printing holds great potential for lateral skull base surgical training; however, studies evaluating the use of 3D-printed models for simulating transtemporal approaches are lacking.

OBJECTIVE
To develop and evaluate a 3D-printed model that accurately represents the anatomic relationships, surgical corridor, and surgical working angles achieved with increasingly aggressive temporal bone resection in lateral skull base approaches.

METHODS
Cadaveric temporal bones underwent thin-slice computerized tomography, and key anatomic landmarks were segmented using 3D imaging software. Corresponding 3D-printed temporal bone models were created, and 4 stages of increasingly aggressive transtemporal approaches were performed (40 total approaches). The surgical exposure and working corridor were analyzed quantitatively, and measures of face validity, content validity, and construct validity in a cohort of 14 participants were assessed.

RESULTS
Stereotactic measurements of the surgical angle of approach to the mid-clivus, residual bone angle, and 3D-scanned infill volume demonstrated comparable changes in both the 3D temporal bone models and cadaveric specimens based on the increasing stages of transtemporal approaches (P
ANOVA <.003, <.007, and <.007, respectively), indicating accurate representation of the surgical corridor and working angles in the 3D-printed models. Participant assessment revealed high face validity, content validity, and construct validity.

CONCLUSION
The 3D-printed temporal bone models highlighting key anatomic structures accurately simulated 4 sequential stages of transtemporal approaches with high face validity, content validity, and construct validity. This strategy may provide a useful educational resource for temporal bone anatomy and training in lateral skull base approaches.
Medical Use of Long-term Extended-release Opioid Analgesics in Commercially Insured Adults in the United States
Authors: Young Jessica C , Jonsson Funk Michele , Dasgupta Nabarun 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectivesWe examined the proportion of patients initiating extended-release (ER) opioids who become long-term users and describe how pain-related diagnoses before initiation of opioid therapy vary between drugs and over time.MethodsUsing MarketScan (2006–2015), a US national commercial insurance database, we examined pain-related diagnoses in the 182-day baseline period before initiation of ER opioid therapy to characterize indications for opioid initiation. We report the proportion who became long-term users, the median length of opioid therapy, and the proportion with cancer and other noncancer chronic pain, by active ingredient.ResultsAmong 1,077,566 adults initiating ER opioids, 31% became long-term users, with a median length of use of 209 days. The most common ER opioids prescribed were oxycodone (26%) and fentanyl (23%), and the most common noncancer pain diagnoses were back pain (65%) and arthritis (48%). Among all long-term users, 16% had a diagnosis of cancer. We found notable variation by drug. Eighteen percent of patients initiating drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration &gt;10 years ago had evidence of cancer during baseline compared with only 8% of patients who received newer drugs.ConclusionsIn a national sample of adults with private insurance, back pain was the most common diagnosis preceding initiation of opioid therapy. Opioids that have been approved within the last 10 years were more frequently associated with musculoskeletal pains and less frequently associated with cancer. Amid increasing concerns regarding long-term opioid therapy, our findings provide context regarding the conditions for which long-term opioid therapy is prescribed.
Ultrasound-Guided Proximal and Distal Suprascapular Nerve Blocks: A Comparative Cadaveric Study
Authors: Blasco Laurent , Laumonerie Pierre , Tibbo Meagan , Fernandes Olivier , Minville Vincent , Lopez Raphael , Mansat Pierre , Ferre Fabrice 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Objectives
The primary aim of our study was to evaluate and compare the accuracy of ultrasound (US)-guided distal suprascapular nerve (dSSN) and proximal SSN (pSSN) blocks. Secondary aims were to compare the phrenic nerve involvement between groups and to describe the anatomical features of the sensory branches of the dSSN.

Methods
pSSN and dSSN blocks were performed in 14 cadavers (28 shoulders). Ten mL of 0.2% ropivacaine colored with methylene blue was injected under US guidance. Accuracy was determined using SSN staining and the distance between predefined anatomical landmarks and the targeted SSN. The phrenic nerve (PN) was judged to be colored or not. The distribution of the sensory branches that originate from the 14 dSSNs is described. Quantitative data are expressed as median (range).

Results
The pSSN was dyed more frequently than the dSSN (13 vs 11, P = 0.59). The targeted SSN was close to the suprascapular notch (1.3 [0–5.2] cm) and the origin of the SSN (1.4 [0.2–4.5] cm) for dSSN and pSSN blocks, respectively (P = 0.62). For dSSN blocks, the most frequent injection site was the supraspinous fossa. Three PNs were marked in pSSN blocks, compared with none in dSSN blocks (P = 0.22). Three sensory branches were identified for all 14 dSSNs: the medial subacromial branch, the lateral subacromial branch, and the posterior glenohumeral branch.

Conclusions
US-guided pSSN and dSSN blocks can be realized with accuracy. A distal approach to the SSN could be an alternative to interscalene brachial plexus block for the management of postoperative pain after shoulder surgery in high–respiratory risk patients.
EVALUATION OF DOSE IN SLEEP BY MATTRESS CONTAINING MONAZITE
Authors: Kim Bong-Gi , Jeong Kyu-Hwan , Shin Hyeong-Ki 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Some companies in Korea have sold beds which contain a processed product containing monazite powder. Consumers may receive external exposure by radiation emitted by progeny radionuclides in uranium and thorium, and internal exposure through the breathing of radon progeny radionuclides produced in the decay chain. Thus, in this study, age specific dose conversion factors (mSv y−1 Bq−1) by external exposure and dose conversion factors by internal exposure (mSv y−1 per Bq m−3) were derived. Besides, a dose assessment program were developed to calculate dose by taking into account real conditions. And the age specific dose was evaluated using the radioactive concentration measured by the NSSC. As a results, external exposure was assessed to get effective doses in the range of 0.00086 to 0.0015 mSv y−1 by external exposure and a committed effective doses in the range of 1.3 to 12.26 mSv y−1 by internal exposure for all age groups.
9Film Theory
Authors: Bettinson Gary 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this chapter I review six contributions to the field of film theory published in 2018: Carl Plantinga’s Screen Stories: Emotion and the Ethics of Engagement (Oxford University Press); Miklós Kiss and Steven Willemsen’s Impossible Puzzle Films: A Cognitive Approach to Contemporary Complex Cinema (Edinburgh University Press); Nicholas Godfrey’s The Limits of Auteurism: Case Studies in the Critically Constructed New Hollywood (Rutgers University Press); Peter Krämer and Yannis Tzioumakis’s The Hollywood Renaissance: Revisiting American Cinema’s Most Celebrated Era (Bloomsbury Academic); Dorothy Wai Sim Lau’s Chinese Stardom in Participatory Cyberculture (Edinburgh University Press); and Gina Marchetti’s Citing China: Politics, Postmodernism, and World Cinema (University of Hawaii Press). The chapter has three sections: 1. Cognition, Emotion, and Ethics; 2. The New Hollywood; 3. Contemporary Chinese Cinema.
A global analysis of cladoceran body size and its variation linking to habitat, distribution and taxonomy
Authors: Rizo Eric Zeus , Xu Shaolin , Tang Quehui , Papa Rey Donne S , Dumont Henri J , Qian Song S , Han Bo-Ping 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBody size is a functional trait that influences the overall biology and ecology of an organism. Studying the shape of size–frequency distributions and size variability within different scales, approximates the influence of large-scale ecological and evolutionary processes on a species. In this study we examine the patterns of distribution and variability of body size among freshwater Cladocera across different taxonomic levels, geographic distribution and habitat association. Using extensive literature data, we show the global distribution of body size in freshwater Cladocera. Hierarchical models were used to assess the effect of different categorical variables on size variability. Our results show that almost all size–frequency distributions were skewed right in all categories. The hierarchical model showed that taxonomic affiliation contributes the most to size variability in our dataset, suggesting that size might be a conserved trait. Large genera (≥1mm) have larger estimated variability compared to smaller genera. In general, our observations on size–frequency distributions and size variability show a brief insight in the varying advantages of adaptive body size in this group of organisms in both biology (physiology) and ecology (competition and co-existence). Thus, body size is a trait important to the survival and continuing evolution of Cladocera.
Adverse Events Related to Transcranial Electric Stimulation for Motor-evoked Potential Monitoring in High-risk Spinal Surgery
Authors: Yoshida Go , Imagama Shiro , Kawabata Shigenori , Yamada Kei , Kanchiku Tsukasa , Fujiwara Yasushi , Tadokoro Nobuaki , Takahashi Masahito , Wada Kanichiro , Yamamoto Naoya , Ushirozako Hiroki , Kobayashi Kazuyoshi , Yasuda Akimasa , Ando Muneharu , Tani Toshikazu , Matsuyama Yukihiro 
Published: June 2019

Study Design.
Prospective multicenter study.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to study the incidence of nonneurologic adverse events related to transcranial electric stimulation (TES) for intraoperative spinal cord monitoring (IOM) with motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) (Tc(E)- MEPs) and determine the need for safety precautions.

Summary of Background Data.
Tc(E)-MEPs monitoring requires high-voltage multipulse TES that causes widespread muscle contraction and movement. Improved awareness of TES-induced movement-related adverse events is needed.

Methods.
We analyzed data from 2643 patients who underwent high-risk spinal surgery with intraoperative Tc(E)-MEPs at 11 spinal centers from 2010 to 2016. Information about neurologic and non-neurologic postoperative complications was collected, including type of surgical procedure, operative time, estimated blood loss, and treatment for postoperative adverse events.

Results.
A 70% drop in Tc(E)-MEPs amplitude, which was the alarm criterion to interrupt surgery, predicted postoperative motor deficits with 93.5% sensitivity, 91.0% specificity, a false-positive rate of 8.2%, and a false-negative rate of 0.3%. Non-neurologic adverse events developed in 17 (0.64%) patients and were most commonly because of bite injuries (0.57%), including 11 cases of tongue laceration, two cases of lip laceration, and two cases of tooth breakage. Four (0.15%) tongue lacerations required surgical repair with sutures and two tooth breakages required dental treatment. One patient had hair loss corresponding to the TES site. One patient, who underwent additional IOM with transpharyngeal stimulation, had severe nasal hemorrhage following electrode placement by nasal route, which resolved spontaneously. Non-neurologic adverse events did not significantly affect the accuracy of IOM assessment. Neither operative times nor blood loss significantly influenced the occurrence of adverse events.

Conclusion.
During TES-IOM, both the surgeon and monitoring team must consider the possibility—although rare—of non-neurologic adverse events, particularly bite injuries. Such complications can be minimized by using a soft bite-block and frequently evaluating the intraoral integrity of the anesthetized patient.

Level of Evidence: 4
Associations Between Ambient Air Pollutant Concentrations and Birth Weight
Authors: Strickland Matthew J. , Lin Ying , Darrow Lyndsey A. , Warren Joshua L. , Mulholland James A. , Chang Howard H. 
Published: June 2019

Introduction:
We investigated the extent to which associations of ambient air pollutant concentrations and birth weight varied across birth weight quantiles.

Methods:
We analyzed singleton births ≥27 weeks of gestation from 20-county metropolitan Atlanta with conception dates between January 1, 2002 and February 28, 2006 (N = 273,711). Trimester-specific and total pregnancy average concentrations for 10 pollutants, obtained from ground observations that were interpolated using 12-km Community Multiscale Air Quality model outputs, were assigned using maternal residence at delivery. We estimated associations between interquartile range width (IQRw) increases in pollutant concentrations and changes in birth weight using quantile regression.

Results:
Gestational age-adjusted associations were of greater magnitude at higher percentiles of the birth weight distribution. Pollutants with large vehicle source contributions (carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, PM2.5 elemental carbon, and total PM2.5 mass), as well as PM2.5 sulfate and PM2.5 ammonium, were associated with birth weight decreases for the higher birth weight percentiles. For example, whereas the decrease in mean birthweight per IQRw increase in PM2.5 averaged over pregnancy was -7.8 g (95% confidence interval = −13.6, −2.0 g), the quantile-specific associations were: 10th percentile −2.4 g (−11.5, 6.7 g); 50th percentile −8.9 g (−15.7, −2.0g); and 90th percentile −19.3 g (−30.6, −7.9 g). Associations for the intermediate and high birth weight quantiles were not sensitive to gestational age adjustment. For some pollutants, we saw associations at the lowest quantile (10th percentile) when not adjusting for gestational age.

Conclusions:
Associations between air pollution and reduced birth weight were of greater magnitude for newborns at relatively heavy birth weights.
Optimization of a Neutron Long Counter Design by Monte Carlo Simulation
Authors: Park R.J. , Byun S.H. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In a search to optimize neutron long counter design for overall efficiency and flat energy response, Monte Carlo simulations were carried out for a variety of detector design parameters using the Monte Carlo N-Particle Extended code. Based on the standard long counter design by McTaggart, moderator diameter, moderator back length, and longitudinal hole diameter were sequentially varied, and the sensitivity of each parameter to the long counter response was systematically analyzed. For each design, simulations were done in the neutron energy range of 1 keV to 10 MeV. From the simulation results, it turned out that out of the three moderator parameters, the moderator diameter is most sensitive for optimizing the long counter response. As the last design parameter, the effect of the central slow-neutron counter was investigated, which showed a significant difference in the response. The investigation of each design parameter gave clear insight on its effect on the long counter response and enabled one to determine the optimum condition.
MORE EFFECTIVE SCREENING FOR EPIRETINAL MEMBRANES WITH MULTICOLOR SCANNING LASER OPHTHALMOSCOPE THAN WITH COLOR FUNDUS PHOTOGRAPHS
Authors: Terasaki Hiroto , Sonoda Shozo , Shiihara Hideki , Kakiuchi Naoko , Funatsu Ryoh , Shirasawa Makoto , Sakamoto Taiji 
Published: June 2019

Purpose:
To assess the ability of the multicolor scanning laser ophthalmoscope (MC-SLO) to screen for epiretinal membranes (ERMs).

Methods:
A retrospective cross-sectional study of 35 eyes of 32 patients with an ERM detected by optical coherence tomography and 46 eyes of 23 healthy volunteers. The detection of the ERM was graded into three visibility scores—1, not visible, 2, barely visible, and 3, clearly visible—by retina specialists or by ophthalmology residents. The sensitivity and specificity of the detection with the merged image of the MC-SLO or color fundus photographs (CFPs) were calculated.

Results:
The sensitivity for ERM detection in the MC-SLO and CFP were 91.4% and 65.7% by specialists and 97.1% and 60.0% by residents. The specificity for both devices was 100% by specialists and residents. The visibility score for the MC-SLO images were significantly higher than that for the CFP by both specialists and residents. In addition, the visibility score for the MC-SLO determined by residents was significantly higher than that for the CFP by specialists.

Conclusion:
The detection of an ERM is better with the MC-SLO images than with CFP. Furthermore, the ERM detection in the MC-SLO images by residents was comparable to that by specialists.
Chlamydia Infection Among Digital Daters and Nondigital Daters
Authors: Andersson Nirina , Preuss Isabella , Boman Jens , Nylander Elisabet 
Published: June 2019

Objectives
The aim of the study was to investigate whether the use of dating apps is a risk factor for acquiring Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infections.

Methods
Patients attending the drop-in facility at the STI clinic at Umeå University Hospital between April 2016 and November 2017 were asked to fill in a survey about their sexual preferences and behaviors, including dating app use.

Results
Of 943 participants, 80 (8.5%) received a CT diagnosis (34 women and 46 men). Dating app users did not seem to have an increased risk of CT infection. Having 3 or more sex partners within the last year was a risk factor for CT only among those not using a dating app. Alcohol use before sex and unprotected sex with a new partner were risk factors for CT infection in the univariate but not in the multivariate analysis.

Conclusions
Dating app users did not seem to have an increased risk of acquiring CT and for dating app users the seemingly well-established risk factor of having many partners was not valid.
Screening for Military Sexual Trauma Is Associated With Improved HIV Screening in Women Veterans
Authors: Reddy Shivani M. , Portnoy Galina A. , Bathulapalli Harini , Womack Julie , Haskell Sally G. , Mattocks Kristin , Brandt Cynthia A. , Goulet Joseph L. 
Published: June 2019

Objective:
To examine factors associated with HIV screening among women veterans receiving health care in the Department of Veterans Affairs.

Materials and Methods:
Cross-sectional study of women veterans receiving Veterans Affairs care between 2001 and 2014 derived from the Women Veteran’s Cohort Study. Descriptive and bivariate statistics were calculated comparing patients with and without an HIV screen. Generalized estimating equations were conducted to estimate the odds of HIV screening among women screened for military sexual trauma (MST) and the subset with a positive MST screen. Multivariable analyses were adjusted for demographic characteristics, mental health diagnoses, pregnancy, HIV risk factors, and facility level clustering.

Results:
Among the 113,796 women veterans in the sample, 84.3% were screened for MST and 13.2% were screened for HIV. Women screened for MST were over twice as likely to be tested for HIV (odds ratio, 2.8; 95% confidence interval, 2.2–3.5). A history of MST was inversely associated with HIV screening (odds ratio, 0.9; 95% confidence interval, 0.8–0.9).

Conclusions:
Women veterans screened for sexual trauma received more comprehensive preventive health care in the form of increased HIV screening.
Frequency of Appropriate Use of Pancreatic Enzyme Replacement Therapy and Symptomatic Response in Pancreatic Cancer Patients
Authors: Barkin Jodie A. , Westermann Amy , Hoos William , Moravek Cassadie , Matrisian Lynn , Wang Hongwei , Shemanski Lynn , Barkin Jamie S. , Rahib Lola 
Published: June 2019

Objectives
Pancreatic cancer (PC) and its treatments can result in pancreatic exocrine insufficiency that requires pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT). Appropriate PERT usage is during meals and snacks. The aim was to determine the frequency of appropriate use of PERT and its impact on symptom alleviation in PC through a patient-reported outcomes online platform.

Methods
Users in the Pancreatic Cancer Action Network's Patient Registry were prompted to answer a standalone questionnaire about their experience with PERT.

Results
Two hundred sixty-two users completed the PERT questionnaire (January 2016–January 2018). Patients who reported taking PERT with meals had higher alleviation of symptoms compared with those taking PERT prior to or after meals. Specifically, “feeling of indigestion,” “light-colored or orange stools,” and “visible food particles in stool” were significantly decreased. Patients taking PERT with meals reported weight gain and less weight loss.

Conclusions
Of the 89% of PC patients prescribed PERT, 65% were prescribed PERT appropriately with all meals and snacks. Overall compliance with PERT administration guidelines was low (50% [105/208]). Improvement in symptoms significantly correlated with appropriate use of PERT. Increase in PC patient and provider education about appropriate PERT usage and administration is warranted.
Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as a Predictor of Invasive Carcinoma in Patients With Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms of the Pancreas
Authors: McIntyre Caitlin A. , Pulvirenti Alessandra , Lawrence Sharon A. , Seier Kenneth , Gonen Mithat , Balachandran Vinod P. , Kingham T. Peter , D'Angelica Michael I. , Drebin Jeffrey A. , Jarnagin William R. , Allen Peter J. 
Published: June 2019

Objectives
Preoperative determination of the grade of dysplasia in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) is necessary for optimal management. Previous data have suggested that serum neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) can predict invasive disease in patients with IPMN.

Methods
A prospectively maintained database was queried for consecutive patients who underwent resection of IPMN. Exclusion criteria included recent diagnosis of cancer, immunosuppression, and infection or jaundice within 1 month of operation. A complete blood count with differential within 30 days of operation was used to calculate NLR.

Results
Within the study period, 446 patients underwent resection for IPMN, and 348 patients (78%) met the inclusion criteria. Low-grade dysplasia was present in 60 patients (17%), 137 patients (39%) had intermediate-grade dysplasia, 76 (22%) had high-grade dysplasia, and 75 (22%) had invasive carcinoma. A higher NLR was associated with invasive carcinoma as compared with noninvasive disease (3.00 vs 2.68, P = 0.039). There was no difference in NLR between patients with high-risk (invasive and high-grade) and low-risk (low-grade and intermediate-grade) lesions (2.80 vs 2.71, P > 0.95).

Conclusions
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was significantly higher in patients with IPMN-associated invasive carcinoma as compared with patients with noninvasive disease; however, NLR was not helpful in differentiating between high- and low-grade lesions.