bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Conformation‐Dependent Mechanoluminescence: Same Mechanical Stimulus but Different Emissive Color over Time
Authors: Yang Jie , Qin Jianwen , Geng Peiyao , Wang Jiaqiang , Fang Manman , Li Zhen 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA phenothiazine derivative of FCO‐CzS with changeable mechanoluminescence is reported, which, upon continuous mechanical stimulus, shows mechanoluminescent emission from blue to white and yellow. Careful analysis of the experimental results, coupled with the well‐understood photoluminescence theory, show that the molecular conformation transition of the phenothiazine group from quasi‐axial to quasi‐equatorial is responsible for this dynamic mechanoluminescence effect.
Gingival Ischemia and Petechiae in a Patient Medicated With PCSK9 Inhibitor for Hypercholesterolemia: An Adverse Drug Event?
Authors: Thermos Grigoris , Tosios Konstantinos I. 
Published: September 2018

IntroductionMonoclonal antibodies against proprotein‐convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors are a newly‐introduced therapeutic approach against hypercholesterolemia. Clinical trials have reported few adverse effects of PCSK9 inhibitors and there are no reports of oral adverse effects. We present the case of a patient that showed gingival discomfort on eating and toothbrushing, coupled with the presence of gingival ischemia and petechiae, 3 days after a subcutaneous abdominal injection of 75‐mg alirocumab for hypercholesterolemia, and contemplate on their possible pathogenesis.Case PresentationΑn 81‐year‐old male presented with gingival discomfort during eating and toothbrushing, 3 days after receiving a subcutaneous abdominal injection of alirocumab. Intraoral examination revealed that the anterior free and attached gingiva of both jaws appeared pale and the surrounding mucosa showed confluent petechiae that were more evident on the anterior palatal gingiva. The patient was asked to brush his teeth with a soft toothbrush and use a mouthwash containing hydrogen peroxide three times daily. At the 8‐day re‐examination he was symptom‐free, and the mucosa appeared totally normal. At the 5‐month follow‐up visit he reported having the same symptoms after each one of the 12 doses of alirocumab he received.ConclusionsAdverse dugs effects associated with subcutaneous injection of alirocumab may manifest in the gingiva. Therefore, oral and periodontal examination should be included in the regular follow‐up of patients medicated with this drug.
“It is usually about the triumph of the coloniser”: Exploring young people's conceptualisations of Australian history and the implications for Australian identity
Authors: Farrugia Jack P. , Dzidic Peta L. , Roberts Lynne D. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAustralians of European descent reconstruct Australian history to silence the mistreatment of Indigenous Australians and to favour the coloniser perspective. Literature suggests that although this reconstructed history is typically accepted uncritically, in recent times, young people may have become more critical of this historical account. Exploring young people's conceptualisations of Australian history may provide insight into emerging perspectives of Australian history, and ultimately young people's understanding of Australian identity. A qualitative research design with a social constructionist approach was adopted. Twelve young people aged 18 to 25 who self‐identified as having an interest in Australian history were recruited and participated in a semistructured interview. Interview transcripts were analysed thematically. Three major themes emerged: “learning and ‘relearning’ Australian history,” “making sense of what is happening,” and “who is an Australian?” Viewed through a Freirean lens, some young Australians of European descent appear to be undergoing a conceptual shift from holding perspectives associated with the oppressor to adopting a more critical stance of Australian history. Despite this, understandings of oppression were at times paradoxical. Further research is required to understand the phenomena of this proposed shift and to facilitate and encourage this process of siding with the oppressed.
Designing Metallic MoO2 Nanostructures on Rigid Substrates for Electrochemical Water Activation
Authors: Ramakrishnan Vivek , Alex C. , Nair Aruna N. , John Neena S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn situ growth of metallic MoO2 films on fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO) and MoO2 powder in solution was achieved simultaneously by a simple hydrothermal process employing citric acid as the surfactant. The growth mechanism of MoO2 nanostructures (NSs) at the heterogeneous interface and in homogeneous medium proceeds in a different manner in which seeds grow in a preferred orientation on FTO, whereas they propagate in all directions in solution. The high lattice matching of FTO and MoO2 favours the film growth which could not be obtained on other conventional substrates. The disc morphology of MoO2 nanostructures was changed to other diverse morphology by varying the synthesis conditions, particularly by the addition of nitric acid. A competitive effect of nitric acid and citric acid on the structure direction produced various shapes. The electrochemical water activation studies show that hydrogen‐annealed MoO2 is an excellent hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalyst with good stability. H‐MoO2 film/FTO displays a low onset overpotential of72 mV with a Tafel slope of 84.1 mV dec−1, whereas the powder form exhibits an onset overpotential of 46 mV with a Tafel slope of 71.6 mV dec−1. The large active surface area, exposure of fringe facets of (110) and the lesser electrochemical charge‐transfer resistance offered by the hydrogen‐annealed MoO2 NSs play a major role in the enhanced HER activity.
Recent Progress on Cyclic Nitrenoid Precursors in Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Nitrene‐Transfer Reactions
Authors: Shimbayashi Takuya , Sasakura Kohei , Eguchi Akira , Okamoto Kazuhiro , Ohe Kouichi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractNitrene‐transfer reactions are powerful synthetic tools for the direct incorporation of nitrogen atoms into organic molecules. The discovery of novel nitrene‐transfer reactions has been dominantly supported not only by improvements in transition‐metal catalysts but also by the employment of novel precursors of nitrenoids. Since pioneering work involving the use of organic azides and iminoiodinanes as practical synthetic tools for nitrogen‐containing compounds was reported, a new approach using various N‐heterocycles containing strain energy or a weak bond has emerged. In this review, we briefly summarize the history of nitrene‐transfer chemistry from the viewpoint of its precursors. In particular, the use of N‐heterocycles such as 2H‐azirines, 1,4,2‐dioxazol‐5‐ones, 1,2,4‐oxadiazol‐5‐ones, isoxazol‐5(4H)‐ones, and isoxazoles is comprehensively described, showing the recent remarkable progress in this chemistry.
Improving networked music performance systems using application‐network collaboration
Authors: Lakiotakis Emmanouil , Liaskos Christos , Dimitropoulos Xenofontas 
Published: September 2018

SummaryNetworked Music Performance (NMP) systems involve musicians located in different places who perform music while staying synchronized via the Internet. The maximum end‐to‐end delay in NMP applications is called Ensemble Performance Threshold (EPT) and should be less than 25 milliseconds. Due to this constraint, NMPs require ultra–low‐delay solutions for audio coding, network transmission, relaying, and decoding, each one a challenging task on its own. There are two directions for study in the related work referring to the NMP systems. From the audio perspective, researchers experiment on low‐delay encoders and transmission patterns, aiming to reduce the processing delay of the audio transmission, but they ignore the network performance. On the other hand, network‐oriented researchers try to reduce the network delay, which contributes to reduced end‐to‐end delay. In our proposed approach, we introduce an integration of dynamic audio and network configuration to satisfy the EPT constraint. The basic idea is that, the major components participating in an NMP system, the application and the network interact during the live music performance. As the network delay increases, the network tries to equalize it by modifying the routing behavior using Software‐Defined Networking principles. If the network delay exceeds a maximum affordable threshold, the network reacts by informing the application to change the audio processing pattern to overcome the delay increase, resulting in below EPT end‐to‐end delay. A full prototype of the proposed system was implemented and extensively evaluated in an emulated environment.
Social–ecological landscape patterns predict woody encroachment from native tree plantings in a temperate grassland
Authors: Donovan Victoria M. , Burnett Jessica L. , Bielski Christine H. , Birgé Hannah E. , Bevans Rebecca , Twidwell Dirac , Allen Craig R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAfforestation is often viewed as the purposeful planting of trees in historically nonforested grasslands, but an unintended consequence is woody encroachment, which should be considered part of the afforestation process. In North America's temperate grassland biome, Eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana L.) is a native species used in tree plantings that aggressively invades in the absence of controlling processes. Cedar is a well‐studied woody encroacher, but little is known about the degree to which cedar windbreaks, which are advocated for in agroforestry programs, are contributing to woody encroachment, what factors are associated with cedar spread from windbreaks, nor where encroachment from windbreaks is occurring in contemporary social–ecological landscapes. We used remotely sensed imagery to identify the presence and pattern of woody encroachment from windbreaks in the Nebraska Sandhills. We used multimodel inference to compare three classes of models representing three hypotheses about factors that could influence cedar spread: (a) windbreak models based on windbreak structure and design elements; (b) abiotic models focused on local environmental conditions; and (c) landscape models characterizing coupled human‐natural features within the broader matrix. Woody encroachment was evident for 23% of sampled windbreaks in the Nebraska Sandhills. Of our candidate models, our inclusive landscape model carried 92% of the model weight. This model indicated that encroachment from windbreaks was more likely near roadways and less likely near farmsteads, other cedar plantings, and waterbodies, highlighting strong social ties to the distribution of woody encroachment from tree plantings across contemporary landscapes. Our model findings indicate where additional investments into cedar control can be prioritized to prevent cedar spread from windbreaks. This approach can serve as a model in other temperate regions to identify where woody encroachment resulting from temperate agroforestry programs is emerging.
Genetically determined fungal pathogen tolerance and soil variation influence ectomycorrhizal traits of loblolly pine
Authors: Piculell Bridget J. , Eckhardt Lori G. , Hoeksema Jason D. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSelection on genetically correlated traits within species can create indirect effects on one trait by selection on another. The consequences of these trait correlations are of interest because they may influence how suites of traits within species evolve under differing selection pressures, both natural and artificial. By utilizing genetic families of loblolly pine either tolerant (t) or susceptible (s) to two different suites of pathogenic fungi responsible for causing either pine decline or fusiform rust disease, we investigated trait variation and trait correlations within loblolly pine (Pinus taedaL.) by determining how ectomycorrhizal (EM) colonization relates to pathogen susceptibility. We detected interactions between susceptibility to pathogenic fungi and soil inoculation source on loblolly pine compatibility with theEMfungiThelephora, and on relative growth rate of loblolly pine. Additionally, we detected spatial variation in the loblolly pine–EMfungi interaction, and found that variation in colonization rates by some members of theEMcommunity is not dictated by genetic variation in the host plant but rather soil inoculation source alone. The work presented here illustrates the potential for indirect selection on compatibility with symbioticEMfungi as a result of selection for resistance to fungal pathogens. Additionally, we present evidence that the host plant does not have a single “mycorrhizal trait” governing interactions with allEMfungi, but rather that it can interact with different fungal taxa independently.Synthesis. An understanding of the genetic architecture of essential traits in focal species is crucial if we are to anticipate and manage the results of natural and artificial selection. As demonstrated here, an essential but often overlooked symbiosis (that between plants and mycorrhizal fungi) may be indirectly influenced by directed selection on the host plant.
Accurately quantifying the shape of birds’ eggs
Authors: Biggins John D. , Thompson Jamie E. , Birkhead Tim R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDescribing the range of avian egg shapes quantitatively has long been recognized as difficult. A variety of approaches has been adopted, some of which aim to capture the shape accurately and some to provide intelligible indices of shape. The objectives here are to show that a (four‐parameter) method proposed by Preston (1953, The Auk, 70, 160) is the best option for quantifying egg shape, to provide and document an R program for applying this method to suitable photographs of eggs, to illustrate that intelligible shape indices can be derived from the summary this method provides, to review shape indices that have been proposed, and to report on the errors introduced using photographs of eggs at rest rather than horizontal.
Methylation divergence of invasive Ciona ascidians: Significant population structure and local environmental influence
Authors: Ni Ping , Li Shiguo , Lin Yaping , Xiong Wei , Huang Xuena , Zhan Aibin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe geographical expansion of invasive species usually leads to temporary and/or permanent changes at multiple levels (genetics, epigenetics, gene expression, etc.) to acclimatize to abiotic and/or biotic stresses in novel environments. Epigenetic variation such as DNA methylation is often involved in response to diverse local environments, thus representing one crucial mechanism to promote invasion success. However, evidence is scant on the potential role of DNA methylation variation in rapid environmental response and invasion success during biological invasions. In particular, DNA methylation patterns and possible contributions of varied environmental factors to methylation differentiation have been largely unknown in many invaders, especially for invasive species in marine systems where extremely complex interactions exist between species and surrounding environments. Using the methylation‐sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP) technique, here we investigated population methylation structure at the genome level in two highly invasive model ascidians, Ciona robusta and C. intestinalis, collected from habitats with varied environmental factors such as temperature and salinity. We found high intrapopulation methylation diversity and significant population methylation differentiation in both species. Multiple analyses, such as variation partitioning analysis, showed that both genetic variation and environmental factors contributed to the observed DNA methylation variation. Further analyses found that 24 and 20 subepiloci were associated with temperature and/or salinity in C. robusta and C. intestinalis, respectively. All these results clearly showed significant methylation divergence among populations of both invasive ascidians, and varied local environmental factors, as well as genetic variation, were responsible for the observed DNA methylation patterns. The consistent findings in both species here suggest that DNA methylation, coupled with genetic variation, may facilitate local environmental adaptation during biological invasions, and DNA methylation variation molded by local environments may contribute to invasion success.
Exploring source water mixing and transient residence time distributions of outflow and evapotranspiration with an integrated hydrologic model and Lagrangian particle tracking approach
Authors: Maxwell Reed M. , Condon Laura E. , Danesh‐Yazdi Mohammad , Bearup Lindsay A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the time water takes as it moves from rain or snowmelt through the terrestrial system to arrive as stream discharge, or evapotranspiration (ET) is an important hydrologic quantity. We develop a Lagrangian particle tracking method to capture transient residence times from source to either ET or outflow in an integrated hydrologic model. This method is parallel and efficiently captures time evolution of parcels of water in the model and tracks the source of water for hydrograph or ET separation. We demonstrate this model using hypothetical hillslope simulations driven by snow or rain dominated forcing and two different land cover types. We show that land cover and forcing both impact the outflow residence time distribution, which spans many years. We also introduce the idea of ET residence time distributions and show that while mean ET residence times are typically less than 1 year, land cover affects this quantity and simulated ET processes draw from much older water (many years old) depending on location on the hillslope or seasonal cycle. Finally, we study source water contribution to outflow and ET and explore assumptions about a residence time‐based definition of older, pre‐event, or groundwater end member. We show that simulated plant processes may switch to more opportunistic and younger sources of water, changing the composition of outflow.
When goals loom darker: Goal ambivalence moderates the effect of goal proximity on goal‐related motivation
Authors: Brandstätter Veronika , Koletzko Svenja H. , Bettschart Martin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis research extends previous work on the self‐regulation of goal striving as well as effects of temporal and psychological distance on motivation. Borrowing from classic work on goal gradients and approach‐avoidance conflicts, we predicted that the experience of ambivalence toward a personal goal moderates the extent to which feeling or being close to goal attainment affects motivation, such that greater proximity to the goal has a negative effect on motivation at higher levels of experienced goal ambivalence. We find evidence for the hypothesized effect across three studies examining different goals (pursuing a degree, running a half‐marathon) with varying operationalizations of goal proximity (self‐reported, manipulated, temporal) and motivation (goal commitment, intention strength). These results validate that classic concepts of motivation science such as goal gradients and approach‐avoidance conflict are both relevant and applicable to the everyday pursuit of self‐set personal goals.
Impact of truncation error and numerical scheme on the simulation of the early time growth of viscous fingering
Authors: Abdul Hamid S.A. , Adam A. , Jackson M.D. , Muggeridge A.H. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryThe truncation error associated with different numerical schemes (first order finite volume, second order finite difference, control volume finite element) and meshes (fixed Cartesian, fixed structured triangular, fixed unstructured triangular and dynamically adapting unstructured triangular) is quantified in terms of apparent longitudinal and transverse diffusivity in tracer displacements and in terms of the early time growth rate of immiscible viscous fingers. The change in apparent numerical longitudinal diffusivity with element size agrees well with the predictions of Taylor series analysis of truncation error but the apparent, numerical transverse diffusivity is much lower than the longitudinal diffusivity in all cases. Truncation error reduces the growth rate of immiscible viscous fingers for wavenumbers greater than 1 in all cases but does not affect the growth rate of higher wavenumber fingers as much as would be seen if capillary pressure were present. The dynamically adapting mesh in the control volume finite element model gave similar levels of truncation error to much more computationally intensive fine resolution fixed meshes, confirming that these approaches have the potential to significantly reduce the computational effort required to model viscous fingering.
Regularized aggregation of statistical parametric maps
Authors: Wang Li‐Yu , Chung Jongik , Park Cheolwoo , Choi Hosik , Rodrigue Amanda L. , Pierce Jordan E. , Clementz Brett A. , McDowell Jennifer E. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCombining statistical parametric maps (SPM) from individual subjects is the goal in some types of group‐level analyses of functional magnetic resonance imaging data. Brain maps are usually combined using a simple average across subjects, making them susceptible to subjects with outlying values. Furthermore, t tests are prone to false positives and false negatives when outlying values are observed. We propose a regularized unsupervised aggregation method for SPMs to find an optimal weight for aggregation, which aids in detecting and mitigating the effect of outlying subjects. We also present a bootstrap‐based weighted t test using the optimal weights to construct an activation map robust to outlying subjects. We validate the performance of the proposed aggregation method and test using simulated and real data examples. Results show that the regularized aggregation approach can effectively detect outlying subjects, lower their weights, and produce robust SPMs.
White matter tract microstructure of the mPFC‐amygdala predicts interindividual differences in placebo response related to treatment in migraine patients
Authors: Liu Jixin , Mu Junya , Chen Tao , Zhang Ming , Tian Jie 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTo investigate whether interindividual variability of white matter (WM) tract microstructure of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC)‐amygdala circuit could predict 8‐week placebo treatment outcomes in patients with migraine without aura (MO) using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) with a tractography atlas‐based analysis algorithm and a linear support vector machine algorithm. This study received institutional review board approval, and all subjects gave informed consent. One hundred and twenty‐four MO had an 8‐week sham acupuncture treatment. Patients were subdivided into recovering (MOr, >50% improvement in migraine attack frequency after treatment) and persisting (MOp, <50% reduction in number of migraine days). Neuroimaging was collected via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in all subjects. Patients were imaged during the interictal phase of migraine (at least 72 hr after, and not within 24 hr of a migraine) before the treatment. WM microstructures were quantified along the selected fiber pathway and were used to evaluate the discrimination performance for classifying MOr and MOp. The combined features of diffusion measures from vertices along the pathways of the mPFC‐amygdala accurately discriminated MOr from MOp migraineurs with an accuracy of 84.0% (p < .005, permutation test). The most discriminative WM features that contributed to the classification were located in the external capsule and ACC/mPFC. Our findings suggested that the variability of placebo treatment outcomes in migraineurs could be predicted from priori diffusion measures along the fiber pathways of the mPFC‐amygdala, which may demonstrate a potential of WM neuroimaging features as imaging markers for identifying placebo responders in migraine patients.