bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Total Synthesis of 2‐(2‐Ketoalkyl)‐piperidine Alkaloids (+)‐ Pelletierine, (+)‐Haloxynine and (‐)‐N‐Methyl‐pelletierine via Regioselective Wacker Oxidation
Authors: Mhaldar Shashank N. , Tilve Santosh G. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA practical synthesis of naturally occurring piperidine alkaloids (+)‐pelletierine, (+)‐haloxynine and (‐)‐N‐methyl‐pelletierine is described from (‐)‐pipecolinic acid using Wittig reaction and Wacker oxidation as the key steps. The protocol exploits the regioselective oxidation of the internal olefins.
Preclinical translation of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells
Authors: Elahi Fanny M. , Farwell D. Gregory , Nolta Jan A. , Anderson Johnathon D. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Exosomes are nanovesicles secreted by virtually all cells. Exosomes mediate the horizontal transfer of various macromolecules previously believed to be cell-autonomous in nature, including nonsecretory proteins, various classes of RNA, metabolites, and lipid membrane-associated factors. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) appear to be particularly beneficial for enhancing recovery in various models of disease. To date, there have been more than 200 preclinical studies of exosome-based therapies in a number of different animal models. Despite a growing number of studies reporting the therapeutic properties of MSC-derived exosomes, their underlying mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, and scalable manufacturing remain largely outstanding questions. Here, we review the global trends associated with preclinical development of MSC-derived exosome-based therapies, including immunogenicity, source of exosomes, isolation methods, biodistribution, and disease categories tested to date. Although the in vivo data assessing the therapeutic properties of MSC-exosomes published to date are promising, several outstanding questions remain to be answered that warrant further preclinical investigation.
A Phenotypic Switch of Differentiated Glial Cells to Dedifferentiated Cells Is Regulated by Folate Receptor α
Authors: Monick Sarah , Mohanty Vineet , Khan Mariam , Yerneni Gowtham , Kumar Raj , Cantu Jorge , Ichi Shunsuke , Xi Guifa , Singh Bal Ram , Tomita Tadanori , Mayanil Chandra Shekhar 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In a previous study, we showed that folate receptor-α (FRα) translocates to the nucleus where it acts as a transcription factor and upregulates Hes1, Oct4, Sox2, and Klf4 genes responsible for pluripotency. Here, we show that acetylation and phosphorylation of FRα favor its nuclear translocation in the presence of folate and can cause a phenotypic switch from differentiated glial cells to dedifferentiated cells. shRNA-FRα mediated knockdown of FRα was used to confirm the role of FRα in dedifferentiation. Ocimum sanctum hydrophilic fraction-1 treatment not only blocks the folate mediated dedifferentiation of glial cells but also promotes redifferentiation of dedifferentiated glial cells, possibly by reducing the nuclear translocation of ~38 kDa FRα and subsequent interaction with chromatin assembly factor-1. Stem Cells 2019;37:1441–1454
Are maternal hemodynamic indices markers of fetal growth restriction in pregnancies with a small‐for‐gestational‐age fetus?
Authors: Perry H. , Lehmann H. , Mantovani E. , Thilaganathan B. , Khalil A. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTObjectivePregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction (FGR) have a worse outcome than those with a small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) fetus. There is increasing evidence of a maternal cardiovascular role in the pathophysiology of FGR. We aimed to compare maternal hemodynamic indices between pregnancies complicated by FGR and those delivering a SGA neonate, using a non‐invasive device.MethodsThis was a prospective study of normotensive pregnancies complicated by FGR (defined as estimated fetal weight (EFW) < 3rd centile or Doppler evidence of impaired placental‐fetal blood flow), those with a SGA fetus (defined as EFW < 10th centile) and control pregnancies with an appropriately grown fetus. Assessment of maternal hemodynamics (heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO), mean arterial pressure (MAP), systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and stroke volume) was performed using a non‐invasive device (USCOM‐1A®). Uterine artery (UtA) pulsatility index (PI) was measured using transabdominal ultrasound. Hemodynamic variables that are affected by gestational age and maternal characteristics were corrected for using device‐specific reference ranges. Comparison between groups was performed using the chi‐square test or the Mann–Whitney U‐test, as appropriate.ResultsA total of 102 FGR, 64 SGA and 401 control pregnancies, with a median gestational age of 36 weeks, were included in the analysis. Women with a pregnancy complicated by FGR and those with a SGA fetus were shorter and weighed less than did controls. Compared with controls, the FGR group had significantly lower median maternal HR (80 beats per min (bpm) vs 85 bpm; P = 0.001) and CO multiples of the median (MoM; 0.91 vs 0.98; P = 0.003), and higher median maternal MAP (90 mmHg vs 87 mmHg; P = 0.040), SVR MoM (1.2 vs 1.0; P < 0.001) and UtA‐PI MoM (1.1 vs 0.96; P < 0.001), but there was no significant difference in stroke volume MoM (1.0 vs 0.98; P = 0.647). Compared with the SGA group, the FGR group had a significantly lower median HR (80 bpm vs 87 bpm; P = 0.022), and higher median maternal MAP (90 mmHg vs 85 mmHg; P = 0.025), SVR MoM (1.2 vs 1.0; P = 0.002) and UtA‐PI MoM (1.1 vs 0.98; P = 0.005), but there was no significant difference in CO MoM (0.91 vs 0.96; P = 0.092) or stroke volume MoM (1.0 vs 1.0; P = 0.806). There were no significant differences in adjusted maternal hemodynamic indices between the SGA group and controls.ConclusionPregnancies complicated by FGR presented with impaired maternal hemodynamic function, as evidenced by lower HR and CO, as well as higher MAP, SVR and UtA resistance. Pregnancies delivering a SGA neonate, without evidence of FGR, had normal maternal hemodynamic function. Maternal hemodynamic indices may therefore be of value in distinguishing FGR from SGA pregnancies. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Listening effort: Are we measuring cognition or affect, or both?
Authors: Francis Alexander L. , Love Jordan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractListening effort is increasingly recognized as a factor in communication, particularly for and with nonnative speakers, for the elderly, for individuals with hearing impairment and/or for those working in noise. However, as highlighted by McGarrigle et al., International Journal of Audiology, 2014, 53, 433–445, the term “listening effort” encompasses a wide variety of concepts, including the engagement and control of multiple possibly distinct neural systems for information processing, and the affective response to the expenditure of those resources in a given context. Thus, experimental or clinical methods intended to objectively quantify listening effort may ultimately reflect a complex interaction between the operations of one or more of those information processing systems, and/or the affective and motivational response to the demand on those systems. Here we examine theoretical, behavioral, and psychophysiological factors related to resolving the question of what we are measuring, and why, when we measure “listening effort.”This article is categorized under:
Linguistics > Language in Mind and Brain
Psychology > Theory and Methods
Psychology > Attention
Psychology > Emotion and Motivation
Analysis of macaque BTN3A genes and transcripts in the extended MHC: conserved orthologs of human γδ T cell modulators
Authors: de Groot Nanine , Groen Rens , Orie Vaneesha , Bruijnesteijn Jesse , de Groot Natasja G. , Doxiadis Gaby G. M. , Bontrop Ronald E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractButyrophilins (BTN), specifically BTN3A, play a central role in the modulation of γδ T cells, which are mainly present in gut and mucosal tissues. BTN3A1 is known, for example, to activate Vγ9Vδ2 T cells by means of a phosphoantigen interaction. In the extended HLA region, three genes are located, designated BTN3A1, BTN3A2 and BTN3A3, which were also defined in rhesus macaques. In contrast to humans, rhesus monkeys have an additional gene, BTN3A3Like, which has the features of a pseudogene. cDNA analysis of 32 Indian rhesus and 16 cynomolgus macaques originating from multiple-generation families revealed that all three genes are oligomorphic, and the deduced amino acids display limited variation. The macaque BTN3A alleles segregated together with MHC alleles, proving their location in the extended (Major Histocompatibility Complex) MHC. BTN3A nearly full-length transcripts of macaques and humans cluster tightly together in the phylogenetic tree, suggesting that the genes represent true orthologs of each other. Despite the limited level of polymorphism, 15 Mamu- and 14 Mafa-BTN3A haplotypes were defined, and, as in humans, all three BTN3A genes are transcribed in PBMCs and colon tissues. In addition to regular full-length transcripts, a high number of various alternative splicing (AS) products were observed for all BTN3A alleles, which may result in different isoforms. The comparable function of certain subsets of γδ T cells in human and non-human primates in concert with high levels of sequence conservation observed for the BTN3A transcripts presents the opportunity to study these not yet well understood molecules in macaques as a model species.
A Long, Unnerving Road: Malpractice Claims Involving the Surgical Management of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease
Authors: Gartland Rajshri M. , Bloom Jordan P. , Parangi Sareh , Hodin Richard , DeRoo Courtney , Stephen Antonia E. , Narra Vinod , Lubitz Carrie C. , Mort Elizabeth 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundGiven their profound emotional, physical, and financial toll on patients and surgeons, we studied the characteristics, costs, and contributing factors of thyroid and parathyroid surgical malpractice claims.MethodsUsing the Controlled Risk Insurance Company Strategies’ Comparative Benchmarking System database, representing ~30% of all US paid and unpaid malpractice claims, 5384 claims filed against general surgeons and otolaryngologists from 1995–2015 were reviewed to isolate claims involving the surgical management of thyroid and parathyroid disease. These claims were studied, and multivariable regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with plaintiff payout.ResultsOne hundred twenty‐eight thyroid and parathyroid surgical malpractice claims were isolated. The median time from alleged harm event to closure of a malpractice case was 39 months. The most common associated complications were bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury (n = 23) and hematoma (n = 18). Complications led to death in 18 cases. Patient payout occurred in 33% of claims (n = 42), and the median cost per claim was $277,913 (IQR $87,343–$783,663). On multivariable analysis, bilateral RLN injury was predictive of patient payout (OR 3.58, p = 0.03), while procedure, death, and surgeon specialty were not.ConclusionThough rare, malpractice claims related to thyroid and parathyroid surgery are costly, time‐consuming, and reveal opportunities for early surgeon–patient resolution after poor outcomes.
An Acute General Surgical Unit (AGSU) Negates the Impact of the Tokyo Guidelines 2018 (TG18) Diagnostic Criteria for the Treatment of Acute Cholecystitis
Authors: Luo Yuchen , Makepe Marang , Yim Arthur , Tacey Mark , Bird David , Hodgson Russell 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPurposeThe Tokyo Guidelines 2018 (TG18) were developed to aid diagnosis and treatment for acute cholecystitis. The benefits of being treated in an acute general surgical unit (AGSU) include earlier diagnosis and treatment. This study aims to define the usefulness of TG18 before and after the introduction of AGSU.MethodologyPatients who underwent cholecystectomy at Northern Health were audited retrospectively and assessed for TG18 diagnostic criteria and outcomes between 1 February 2012 and 1 February 2014 (one‐year pre‐ and post‐AGSU).ResultsFive hundred and eighty‐seven patients underwent emergency cholecystectomy with 203 (34.6%) patients having a suspected diagnosis, and 234 (39.9%) patients with a definitive diagnosis of acute cholecystitis using TG18 diagnostic criteria. After the introduction of AGSU, time from imaging to operation improved from 2.5 to 1.7 days (p = 0.012). There were more operations occurring during in‐hours following AGSU implementation (75.8% vs. 62.7%, p < 0.001). Maximum pre‐operative CRP of >26.6 mg/L had a higher likelihood of Clavien–Dindo complication grade 3 or 4 (OR 3.86, 95%CI 1.18–12.63, p = 0.027) compared with TG18 definitive diagnosis criteria (OR 1.50, 95%CI 0.46–4.91, p = 0.501). Surprisingly, there was a trend towards higher complications and readmissions for patients operated within 24 h, although this trend was not significant.ConclusionPatients with suspected acute cholecystitis should be stratified clinically and with CRP in an AGSU with TG18 adding little value in a busy metropolitan unit.
A Protocol of Pose Avoidance in Place of Hip Precautions after Posterior-Approach Total Hip Arthroplasty May Not Increase Risk of Post-operative Dislocation
Authors: Eannucci Erica Fritz , Barlow Brian T. , Carroll Kaitlin M. , Sculco Peter K. , Jerabek Seth A. , Mayman David J. 
Published: August 2019

Background Post-operative rehabilitation after posterior-approach total hip arthroplasty (P-THA) includes the use of standard hip precautions, defined as no hip flexion beyond 90°, hip adduction, or hip internal rotation for 6 to 12 weeks after surgery (sometimes for life). Since they were first implemented in the 1970s, subsequent advances may have made standard hip precautions no longer necessary, although little evidence supports that hypothesis. A modified set of precautions, a “pose avoidance protocol,” could be effective in enhancing recovery, but its effectiveness on early dislocation and post-surgical outcomes is not known. Questions/Purposes We sought to determine the functional recovery of patients on a pose avoidance protocol after P-THA according to levels of pain and patient satisfaction, rates of dislocation, the use of assistive devices, and a return to driving. Methods We conducted a retrospective, descriptive study of data from a consecutive case series of 164 patients treated by a single surgeon between January 2014 and December 2015. Patients who had undergone a primary uncemented P-THA were prescribed a pose avoidance protocol and followed for a minimum of 6 weeks. Exclusion criteria were patients with congenital hip dysplasia, revision THA, femoral neck fracture, rheumatoid arthritis, or neuromuscular disease. Changes to the rehabilitation protocol included elimination of the requirements to use elevated chairs, raised toilet seats, and abduction pillows for sleeping. Patients could resume driving at 2 and 3 weeks for left and right P-THA, respectively. The only motion restriction was avoiding the combination of hip flexion past 90°, hip adduction, and hip internal rotation. Patients could perform all other movements and to bear weight and stop using walking aids as tolerated. Patients completed a biweekly questionnaire to assess their functional recovery, opioid use, and pain levels. Results At 2 weeks after surgery, 80% of patients reported no pain, 86% did not require walking aids, and 92% were satisfied with their recovery. At 6 weeks after surgery, 89% of patients reported no pain. Patients returned to driving at a mean of 2.7 weeks after surgery. No patients had experienced a dislocation at 6 weeks of follow-up. Conclusion A pose avoidance rehabilitation protocol in this P-THA population was found to be safe and was associated with accelerated functional recovery and high patient satisfaction without increased risk of early post-operative dislocation.
The Challenges of Teaching Comparative Law and Socio-Legal Studies at Indonesia's Law Schools
Authors: WIRATRAMAN Herlambang P 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis article addresses the role of legal research methodologies in the development of legal science and the creation of social change in Indonesia. Based on fieldwork conducted at Indonesian law schools between 2014 and 2016, this article reveals that legal research methods taught in Indonesia are starkly divided into normative-juridical and empirical-juridical approaches. Misunderstandings between adherents of these different schools of thought pose significant obstacles to the development of interdisciplinary approaches to law that span or go beyond the divide. Methodological conflicts resulting in the absence of socio-legal approaches in Indonesian law schools, coupled with outdated and limited source materials, limit the study of comparative law in Indonesia to the mere comparison of statutes and rules shorn of socio-political context. They also fail to instill awareness of the importance of considering social – on top of legal – impact in the context of Indonesia's complex and pluralist legal system.
Likelihood of persistent carriage of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii on readmission in previously identified carriers
Authors: Nutman Amir , Lerner Anat , Fallach Noga , Schwartz David , Carmeli Yehuda 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPatients with carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii-positive clinical cultures during a prior hospitalization were screened using high sensitivity methods upon first readmission. Of 38 patients, 31.6% screened positive; 42% screened positive within 2 months from discharge, and 14% screened positive more than 5 months from discharge. Carriage was persistent up to 285 days.
Associations between self-reported vegetable and fruit intake assessed with a new web-based 24-h dietary recall and serum carotenoids in free-living adults: a relative validation study
Authors: Lafrenière J. , Couillard C. , Lamarche B. , Laramée C. , Vohl M. C. , Lemieux S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to assess the relative validity of a new web-based 24-h dietary recall (R24W) in terms of vegetable and fruit (VF) intake assessment using serum carotenoid concentrations as reference biomarkers. A total of seventy-four women and seventy-three men (mean age 47·5 (sd 13·3) years; mean BMI 25·5 (sd 4·4) kg/m2) completed the R24W four times to assess their VF intake. Serum carotenoids were obtained from 12-h fasted blood samples and measured by HPLC. Raw and de-attenuated partial Spearman's correlations were performed to determine how usual vegetable and/or fruit intake was associated with serum carotenoids. Relevant confounders were selected using a stepwise regression analysis. Finally, cross-classification was used to determine agreement between intake of VF and serum carotenoids. Intake of total dietary carotenoids was significantly associated (r 0·40; P &lt; 0·01) with total serum carotenoids (without lycopene). Total VF intake was also associated with total serum carotenoid concentrations without lycopene (r 0·44; P &lt; 0·01). HDL-cholesterol, waist circumference and age were identified as confounders in the association between total VF intake and total serum carotenoids (without lycopene). De-attenuated partial correlation adjusted for these confounders increased the associations between dietary carotenoids and total serum carotenoids without lycopene (r 0·49; P &lt; 0·01) and between total VF intake and total serum carotenoids without lycopene (r 0·48; P &lt; 0·01). Almost 80 % of respondents were classified in the same or the adjacent quartile for total VF intake and total serum carotenoids without lycopene, while less than 6 % were classified in the opposite quartile. Overall, these observations support the appropriateness of the R24W to assess the dietary intake of VF.
East Asian summer monsoon climates and cave hydrological cycles over Dansgaard-Oeschger events 14 to 11 revealed by a new stalagmite record from Hulu Cave
Authors: Liang Yijia , Wang Yongjin , Wang Quan , Wu Jiangying , Shao Qingfeng , Zhang Zhenqiu , Yang Shaohua , Kong Xinggong , Edwards R. Lawrence 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA 230Th/U-dated stalagmite from Hulu Cave was analyzed for δ18O, δ13C, and trace elements. A ~10-yr-resolution δ18O record, spanning 51.7–42.6 ka, revealed Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) events 14 to 11. A similar rapid transition and synchronous timing of the onset of DO 12 is evident between the Greenland and Hulu Cave records, which suggests a common forcing mechanism of DO cycles in the North Atlantic and monsoonal region of Asia. Centennial-scale monsoonal oscillations in the cave δ18O record are indicative of hydroclimatic instability during interstadials. After removing the signals of remote moisture sources, the proportion of moisture from nearby sources is found to be higher during stadials than during interstadials. To explain this, we propose that the movement of the westerly jet is an important control on the balance of nearby and distant moisture sources in East Asia. In addition, the records of δ13C and trace element ratios, which are proxies of local environmental changes, resemble the δ18O record on the scale of DO cycles, as well as on even shorter timescales. This suggests that hydrological processes and biological activity at the cave site respond sensitively to the monsoonal changes.
Monitoring residue concentrations in milk from farm and throughout a milk powder manufacturing process
Authors: Paludetti Lizandra F. , Kelly Alan L. , O'Brien Bernadette , Gleeson David 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe experiments reported in this research paper aimed to investigate differences in the levels of chlorate (CHLO), perchlorate (PCHLO), trichloromethane (TCM) and iodine residues in bulk tank (BT) milk produced at different milk production periods, and to monitor those levels throughout a skim milk powder (SMP) production chain (BTs, collection tankers [CTs], whole milk silo [WMS] and skim milk silo [SMS]). Chlorate, PCHLO and iodine were measured in SMP, while TCM was measured in the milk cream. The CHLO, TCM and iodine levels in the mid-lactation milk stored in the WMS were lower than legislative and industrial specifications (0.0100 mg/kg, 0.0015 mg/kg and 150 µg/l, respectively). However, in late-lactation, these levels were numerically higher than the mid-lactation levels and specifications. Trichloromethane accumulated in the cream portion after separation. Perchlorate was not detected in any of the samples. Regarding iodine, the levels in mid-lactation reconstituted SMP were higher than that required by manufacturers (100 µg/l), indicating that the levels in milk should be lower than 142 µg/l. The higher residue levels observed in late-lactation could be related to the low milk volume produced during that period and changes in sanitation practices, while changes in feed management could have affected iodine levels. This study could assist in controlling and setting limits for CHLO, TCM and iodine levels in milk, ensuring premium quality dairy products.