bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protected area coverage of the full annual cycle of migratory butterflies
Authors: Chowdhury Shawan , Cardillo Marcel , Chapman Jason W. , Green David , Norris D. Ryan , Riva Federico , Zalucki Myron P. , Fuller Richard A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEffective conservation of migratory species relies on habitat protection throughout their annual cycle. Although protected areas (PAs) play a central role in conservation, their effectiveness at conserving habitats across the annual cycle of migratory species has rarely been assessed. We developed seasonal ecological niche models for 418 migratory butterfly species across their global distribution to assess whether they were adequately represented in the PAs across their full annual cycle. PA coverage was inadequate in at least one season for 84% of migratory butterflies, adequate for only 17% of species in one season, and inadequate for 45% of species in all seasons. There was marked geographic variation in PA coverage: 77% of species met representation targets in Sri Lanka, for example, but only 32% met targets in Italy. Our results suggest that coordinated efforts across multiple countries will be needed to develop international networks of PAs that cover the full annual cycle of migratory insects and that conservation measures, in addition to the establishment and maintenance of PAs, are likely to be needed to effectively conserve these species.
Unions and workplace safety investment in Chinese private enterprises
Authors: Chu Yinxiao , Huang Xiaoyu , Wei Jianxing 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis paper examines the significant role of unions in workplace safety investment. Analyzing data from a national survey of Chinese private enterprises, we find that unionization has a positive effect on workplace safety investment. We test several mechanisms through which unionization may enhance workplace safety investment. Unionization increases investment in workplace safety by advocating for formal contracts between employees and firms. More importantly, unionization enhances workplace safety investment through the democratization of corporate governance structure. Furthermore, the employee representative assembly system, a fundamental mechanism for union participation in democratic management within Chinese firms, is also observed to augment safety investment.
Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of the oral allosteric TYK2 inhibitor ESK‐001 using a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study design
Authors: Ucpinar Sibel , Kwan Joyce K. , Hoffman Joshua D. , Tilley Mera K. , Douglas Jeffrey A. , Rubio Roman G. , Lu Ruixiao , Nunn Philip A. , Langrish Claire L. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractESK‐001 is a highly selective allosteric inhibitor of tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2), which plays an essential role in mediating cytokine signaling in multiple immune‐mediated diseases. In 2 phase I studies, a first‐in‐human single ascending dose (SAD) and multiple ascending dose (MAD) study and a multiple‐dose (MD) study, we evaluated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) of orally administered ESK‐001 in healthy participants using a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study design. ESK‐001 was rapidly absorbed with systemic exposures generally increasing dose‐proportionally across all cohorts. The mean terminal half‐life ranged from 8 to 13 h with no to minimal accumulation of ESK‐001 following q.d. doses and ~2‐fold accumulation following Q12 doses. Less than 1% of unchanged ESK‐001 was eliminated in urine. ESK‐001 inhibited the downstream TYK2 pathway as shown by inhibition of pSTAT1 expression. Transcriptomic analysis of unstimulated whole blood samples confirmed dose‐dependent inhibition of Type I IFN‐induced genes and SIGLEC1, a novel TYK2‐responsive biomarker. By correlating PK exposure data with PD readouts, a strong PK/PD relationship was demonstrated. There were no deaths, serious treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs), nor severe TEAEs, and most TEAEs were mild in severity. In conclusion, ESK‐001 was generally safe and well‐tolerated in healthy participants, showed linear dose‐dependent PK characteristics, and maximally inhibited TYK2‐dependent pathways with a predictable concentration‐dependent PK/PD relationship. These findings were used to select the dose range of ESK‐001 for the STRIDE phase II trial in plaque psoriasis and to support further clinical development of ESK‐001 in other TYK2‐mediated diseases.
Short‐term selective dorsal rhizotomy responders among children with bilateral cerebral palsy
Authors: Papageorgiou Eirini , Everaert Laure , Molenaers Guy , Ortibus Els , Desloovere Kaat , Van Campenhout Anja 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAimTo identify the short‐term effects of selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) on gait and clinical impairments in children with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy (CP) and subgroups based on baseline gait patterns.MethodEighty‐nine children with bilateral spastic CP (55 males, mean age [SD] before SDR: 9 years 5 months [2 years 3 months]; Gross Motor Function Classification System level I: 18; II: 54; III: 17) received three‐dimensional gait analyses at two time points (baseline and 1 year after SDR); their baseline gait patterns were classified. The analysis included the comparisons of (1) sagittal plane kinematic waveforms, the Gait Profile Score, and non‐dimensional spatiotemporal parameters between the two time points, (2) the kinematic waveforms of both time points to those of typically developing children, and (3) composite impairment scores of spasticity, weakness, and selectivity between the two time points.ResultsOverall, kinematics improved distally but deteriorated proximally in the entire sample, especially in genu recurvatum and crouch gait patterns. Jump gait showed the most improvements after SDR, followed by apparent equinus and crouch gait. Spasticity was reduced after SDR, but not at the expense of strength or selectivity.InterpretationThe potential merit of investigating short‐term SDR effects on gait according to baseline gait patterns was shown, with an overview of changes after SDR that may facilitate patient‐tailored treatment.
Treatment persistence, adherence and healthcare resource utilisation for iGlarLixi versus basal–bolus insulin or premixed insulin in older adult ethnic minorities with type 2 diabetes: SoliEthnicity study
Authors: Umpierrez Guillermo , Gill Jasvinder , Hood David , Li Xuan , Núñez Ana 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAimsMost type 2 diabetes (T2D) studies have predominantly enrolled White people aged <65 years. This retrospective study evaluated outcomes for iGlarLixi (fixed‐ratio combination [FRC] of insulin glargine 100 U/mL and lixisenatide) versus basal–bolus or premixed insulin in African American, Asian and Hispanic adults with T2D aged ≥65 years.MethodsMedicare claims data were assessed from beneficiaries receiving basal insulin who newly initiated iGlarLixi, basal–bolus insulin, or premixed insulin between 7/1/2019 and 12/30/2021. Groups were propensity score matched at baseline and followed for up to 12 months. Endpoints (primary: treatment persistence; secondary: treatment adherence, hypoglycaemia event rates, healthcare resource utilisation) were assessed using multivariable regression.ResultsTreatment persistence was higher for iGlarLixi versus basal–bolus or premixed insulin in the overall population (26.9%, 7.6%, 18.9%; adjusted p < 0.0001) and numerically higher in all ethnic subgroups. Treatment adherence was numerically higher for iGlarLixi versus basal–bolus or premixed insulin in the overall population (28.0%, 8.0%, 19.0%) and in all subgroups. Hypoglycaemia event rates were numerically lower for iGlarLixi versus basal–bolus insulin or premixed insulin in the overall population (2.5, 3.8, 7.5/100 person‐years' follow‐up) and in all subgroups except Asians receiving basal–bolus insulin. All‐cause and diabetes‐related hospitalisation and emergency department visit event rates were lower with iGlarLixi versus basal–bolus insulin or premixed insulin in the overall population, and in all subgroups except for hospitalisations in Hispanics.ConclusionFRC therapies such as iGlarLixi represent an appropriate treatment option when intensifying basal insulin therapy in ethnic minority older adults with T2D.
Early combination therapy with SGLT2i and GLP‐1 RA or dual GIP/GLP‐1 RA in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Vale Catarina , Lourenço Inês Mariana , Jordan Gabriela , Golovaty Ilya , Torres Hugo , Moin Tannaz , Buysschaert Martin , Neves João Sérgio , Bergman Michael 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon‐Like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1 RA) are recommended in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) for glycaemic control and for people with high cardiovascular risk. However, current guidelines do not specifically address the role of initial early combination therapy with SGLT2i and GLP‐1 RA or dual gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP)/GLP‐1 RA, but rather sequential initiation with either in T2D. This review synthesizes the available evidence on the use of SGLT2i and GLP‐1‐based therapies for T2D and provides a rationale for their combination. The combination of SGLT2i with GLP‐1‐based therapies addresses complementary pathophysiological mechanisms and enhances efficacy in achieving target haemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) levels. SGLT2i and GLP‐1 RA also have been shown to prevent complications of T2D. While both classes reduce adverse cardiorenal events, SGLT2i has a predominant effect on prevention of kidney dysfunction and heart failure, whereas GLP‐1 RA has a more marked effect on the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Both drug classes have favourable safety profiles. Finally, weight loss with combination therapy may have disease‐modifying effects that may reverse T2D progression. We propose that the combination of SGLT2i with GLP‐1 RA or dual GIP/GLP‐1 RA should be considered for most patients with T2D who do not have contraindications.
Psychosocial outcomes in a diverse sample of youth and their families who initiated continuous glucose monitoring within the first year of type 1 diabetes diagnosis
Authors: Addala Ananta , Ritter Victor , Schneider‐Utaka Aika K. , Alamarie Selma A. , Pang Erica , Balistreri Ilenia , Shaw Blake , Bishop Franziska K. , Zaharieva Dessi P. , Prahalad Priya , Desai Manisha , Maahs David M. , Hood Korey K. ,   the 4T Team
Published: November 2024

AbstractAimsPsychosocial impacts of early continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) initiation in youth soon after type 1 diabetes diagnosis are underexplored. We report parent/guardian and youth patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) that measure psychosocial states for families in 4T Study 1.Materials and MethodsOf the 133 families in the 4T Study 1, 132 parent/guardian and 66 youth (≥11 years) were eligible to complete PROs. PROs evaluated included diabetes distress, global health, diabetes technology attitudes and CGM benefits/burden scales. Temporal trends of PROs were assessed via generalised linear mixed effects regression. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics associated with PROs were evaluated. Psychosocial associations were evaluated by regressing parental distress on youth distress.ResultsPRO completion rates were 85.6% and varied between parent/guardian and youth. Throughout the study, parent/guardian and youth distress remained low and youth had increased technology acceptance (p = 0.046). Each additional month of CGM use was associated with a 14% decrease in the odds of experiencing diabetes distress (aOR = 0.86, 95% CI [0.76, 0.99], p = 0.029). Additionally, higher time‐in‐range was associated with decreased diabetes distress (p = 0.048). Age, diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis, gender, ethnicity, insurance status and language spoken were not associated with PROs.ConclusionsInitiation of CGM shortly after type 1 diabetes diagnosis does not have unintended negative psychological consequences. Longer duration of CGM use was associated with decreased youth distress and technology acceptance increased throughout the study.
Government Intelligent Transformation and Mixed‐Ownership Reform: Evidence From China
Authors: Li Bin , Cao Ruiqing , Shi Chenchen , Zhao Jing 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTMixed‐ownership reform (the Reform) is crucial for the construction of a modern market economy. Through a proprietary data set of 32 provinces in China, we find that government intelligent transformation (GIT) can attract private firms acquiring local state‐owned enterprises (SOEs), and such link is stronger among target firms in central and western regions, and acquirers with lower competitive positions and higher levels of digital transformation. Additionally, we also find this effect exists both in local and nonlocal private firms. Further tests suggest that GIT can regulate government behaviors, reduce relational transactions, and enhance local policy environment quality and the level of local market legal governance, thereby promoting private firms to participate in the Reform. Moreover, in the provinces with higher levels of GIT, there is a greater likelihood that private firms will gain control rights over SOEs and obtain more resources following the Reform. Our findings may have policy implications for the world's largest emerging market.
Factors Influencing the Quality of Undergraduate Students' Degree Projects: From Student and Supervisor Perspectives
Authors: Christidis Maria , Waters Petra , Ärlegård Linnéa , Säflund Zoe , Christidis Nikolaos 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundDegree projects are part of most professional study programmes and correspond to professional and academic requirements. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate factors that influence the quality of student degree projects from a supervisor and student perspective.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were performed with eight supervisors from the study programme in dentistry at Karolinska Institutet. The interviews were transcribed. The first part was summarised and described, and the second part was analysed thematically. Also, a questionnaire was completed by 45 students in their 7th and 9th semesters of the study programme. Student responses were summarised and described.ResultsThe main findings indicate a convergence of expectations and perspectives between supervisors and students regarding the factors that influence the quality of the degree project. They emphasise the importance of realistic expectations, feasibility and adherence to academic standards for a high‐quality outcome. Effective supervision involves the supervisor being readily available, responsive to student inquiries and supportive in time–management. Conversely, students are expected to demonstrate motivation, engagement and increasing autonomy. Additionally, both agree that the project should be engaging, relevant to the supervisor's expertise and the student's interests, contribute to personal and academic growth and ideally result in a publication.ConclusionsTaken together, supervisors and students share grounds for the degree project work, which is an important condition for ensuring a qualitatively sound degree project. Sharing expectations and perspectives in the beginning and having a continuously open dialogue concerning this issue during the degree project work benefits a sustainable collaboration and ensures quality.
Talquetamab in Multiple Myeloma: Efficacy, Safety, and Future Directions
Authors: Labanca Caterina , Martino Enrica Antonia , Vigna Ernesto , Bruzzese Antonella , Mendicino Francesco , Lucia Eugenio , Olivito Virginia , Puccio Noemi , Neri Antonino , Morabito Fortunato , Gentile Massimo 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTRelapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) remains a challenging condition despite advances in immunotherapies. Novel bispecific antibodies (BsAbs), including talquetamab, have shown promising efficacy in heavily pretreated patients, even those with triple‐ and penta‐refractory disease. Talquetamab, recently approved by the FDA and EMA, is indicated for patients who have progressed after at least three or four prior lines of therapy (LOTs). Administered following a step‐up dosing phase to manage cytokine release syndrome (CRS), talquetamab demonstrated a high overall response rate (ORR) of approximately 70%, including in patients previously treated with T‐cell redirecting therapies. Its safety profile is consistent with other BsAbs, with hematologic adverse events such as anemia and neutropenia commonly reported, alongside unique on‐target off‐tumor toxicities like dysgeusia and skin‐related events. Infections were less frequent compared to other BsAbs. The optimal sequencing of talquetamab and other therapies, including CAR‐T cell treatments, remains an area of active research, as resistance to anti‐BCMA therapies presents ongoing clinical challenges. Current trials are exploring the use of talquetamab in combination therapies, as well as therapeutic strategies post‐treating progression. The real‐world data further support talquetamab's efficacy, making it a valuable addition to the RRMM treatment landscape.
Benzodiazepine rescue medication administration for seizure clusters: Real‐world retrospective outcomes
Authors: Chiang Sharon , Moss Robert , Misra Sunita N. , Carrazana Enrique , Rabinowicz Adrian L. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveBenzodiazepine rescue medications are established as therapy for acute termination of seizure clusters. A post‐hoc analysis of a clinical trial of seizure cluster treatment with diazepam nasal spray found a potential longer‐term impact over a year of treatment. In this retrospective analysis, we tested the hypothesis that benzodiazepine‐treated seizure clusters are associated with prolonged time to the next seizure cluster compared with untreated seizure clusters in a patient‐reported real‐world database.MethodsWe analyzed data on self‐reported seizures and benzodiazepine rescue medication administration in the Seizure Tracker™ database between 2007 and 2022. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to compare treated vs untreated seizure clusters with respect to time to start of the next seizure cluster or immediate‐use medication administration. Mixed‐effects analysis was used to compare the number of seizures per cluster for treated and untreated seizure clusters. Robustness of findings was evaluated across three operational seizure‐cluster definitions: ≥2 seizures in 4 hours as primary analysis and in 6 and 24 hours as sensitivity analyses.ResultsA total of 10 889 benzodiazepine immediate‐use medication administrations (n = 220 patients) met inclusion criteria. Benzodiazepine rescue administrations were followed by longer time to the next seizure cluster or rescue administration, compared with untreated seizure clusters, corresponding to a median of 4.9 days following treated seizure clusters and a median of 0.8 days following untreated seizure clusters. This prolongation was driven by a minority of patients (accounting for 45.9% of seizure clusters in the sample) and patients were more likely to be women. The number of seizures per cluster was lower when treatment was administered earlier in the seizure cluster.SignificanceThese retrospective real‐world data suggest that the effect of benzodiazepines on termination of seizure clusters may be more pronounced when administration occurs earlier after onset, and support a hypothesis of a possible longer‐term effect of benzodiazepines beyond immediate‐use acute seizure termination.
Multi‐Taxa Responses to Climate Change in the Amazon Forest
Authors: Rodrigues‐Filho Carlos A. S. , Costa Flávia R. C. , Schietti Juliana , Nogueira Anselmo , Leitão Rafael Pereira , Menger Juliana , Borba Gabriel , Gerolamo Caian Souza , Avilla Stefano S. , Emilio Thaise , de Castilho Carolina Volkmer , Bastos Douglas Aviz , Rocha Elisangela Xavier , Fernandes Itanna O. , Cornelius Cintia , Zuanon Jansen , Souza Jorge L. P. , Utta Ana C. S. , Baccaro Fabricio B. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTTropical biodiversity is undergoing unprecedented changes due to the hydrological cycle intensification, characterized by more intense droughts and wet seasons. This raises concerns about the resilience of animal and plant communities to such extremes and the existence of potential refugia—areas theorized to safeguard biological communities from adverse climate impacts. Over 20 years of monitoring in Central Amazonia, we investigated the short‐term and long‐term effects of hydrological cycle intensification on bird, fish, ant, and palm communities. We explored whether the ‘insurance effect’ of climate trends (droughts buffered by preceded wet seasons) or ‘environmental refugia’ (droughts or floods buffered by topographic features) could lessen the impact of climate events on community composition, richness, evenness, and species rank. Pronounced abundance changes were observed among animal species, whereas palm species showed relative temporal stability. Birds and fish were more affected by the immediate and long‐term severity of droughts and wet periods, while ants responded primarily to short‐term drought impacts. Conversely, palm communities exhibited delayed responses to climate extremes, primarily in long‐term comparisons. As expected, the proposed ‘insurance effect’ mitigates the long‐term impacts of extreme climate events on animal and plant community trends. However, less extreme hydrological conditions linked to topographic features did not provide effective ‘environmental refugia’ for animals or plants during adverse climate conditions. These outcomes underscore the complex and varied biological responses to ongoing climate change, challenging the prevailing assumptions about the efficacy of environmental refugia and highlighting the nuanced resilience of biodiversity in Central Amazonia.
The determinants of double energy vulnerability: A geospatial analysis
Authors: Bouzarovski Stefan , McKenzie Paul , Lonie Aileen , Sarpotdar Amish , Mattioli Giulio , Martiskainen Mari 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis paper examines the spatial and social differences in people's lack of access to adequate energy and transport services in the UK. We respond to the need for developing a differentiated understanding of both the drivers and expressions of this ‘double energy vulnerability’ (DEV), while seeking to integrate and analyse relevant information from all four UK nations. Using a variety of statistically representative census and survey datasets, the paper develops a series of multi‐dimensional indices to map transport‐ and energy‐related injustices. This is followed by a cluster analysis to examine broad‐level geographical patterns, and a Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model to explore the spatial variation of vulnerabilities related to contingencies such as income, ethnicity and housing. The paper corroborates the results of previous qualitative studies, and research within selected UK nations, while revealing several unexpected territorial clusters and underpinnings of infrastructural injustice. DEV is shown to disproportionately affect coastal, highland, peripheral and rural regions, with an internal granularity that exhibits high levels of variation within urban and peri‐urban settings.