bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetic Modeling of Palmitamidopropyl Betaine Synthesis
Authors: Wang Xinrui , Shang Xiaoqin , Liu Peng , Xie Fengwei , Xiao Tingyu , Song Shanshan , Gong Zhe 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this work, the reaction kinetics of betaine synthesis were investigated. Specifically, an integral method was used to analyze the experimental data of the amidation reaction over the temperature range of 413.15–453.15 K and the data of the quaternization reaction over the temperature range of 348.15–368.15 K. The 2 reaction steps were shown to match the second‐order bimolecular kinetics model, and their equations could be deduced from the experimental data at different temperatures. The activation energy, Ea, and the pre‐exponential factor, A, were obtained from the equilibrium constant at different temperatures using the Arrhenius equation. For the 2 reactions, the activation energies were 31.68 and 47.03 kJ mol−1, respectively, and the preexponential factors were 26.99 and 4.07 × 104. Over the tested temperature range, the kinetic model equations were verified by comparing the additional experimental data with the theoretical values. This study provides a theoretical basis for the continuous production of palmitamidopropyl betaine.
Lichtblicke in der mikrobiellen Stammentwicklung
Authors: Wiechert Johanna , Frunzke Julia 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBiosensoren der Zelle nutzen die natürliche Sensorik eines Organismus, um etwa eine Metabolitenkonzentration in ein optisches Signal umzuwandeln. Als vielseitig verwendbares Werkzeug helfen sie, bakterielle Stämme für die biotechnische Produktion zu entwickeln und zu optimieren.
Wie Chromat in die Zelle gelangt
Authors: Friedrich Jens , Oetken Marco 
Published: June 2018

AbstractUm Schülern zu zeigen, wie wasserlösliche Ionen unpolare Barrieren durchdringen, eignen sich Versuche mit Kronenethern. Sie dienen als Modelle für Transportermoleküle, die diese Funktion bei lebenden Zellen übernehmen.
Wirklich unzertrennlich? Seltene Erden trennen und recyclen
Authors: Daumann Lena J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractYttrium, Scandium, Lanthan und die Lanthanoide sind für Alltags‐, Medizin‐ und Energietechniken unerlässlich. Derzeit werden weniger als ein Prozent der genutzten seltenen Erden recycelt, und die chemisch ähnlichen zu trennen, ist nach wie vor schwierig. Aber es gibt neue Ansätze.
Deutsche und französische Massenspektrometriker tagen in Saarbrücken
Authors: Gross Jürgen H. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAnfang März tagten über 600 Massenspektrometriker für vier Tage an der Universität Saarbrücken. Organisiert hatten die Tagung die Société Française de Spectrométrie de Masse (SFSM) und die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Massenspektrometrie (DGMS). Es war das zweite Mal, dass die DGMS eine solche Veranstaltung gemeinsam mit einer Gesellschaft eines Nachbarlands ausgerichtet hat. Zirka zwei Drittel der Teilnehmer kamen von der DGMS und ein Drittel von der SFSM, was grob dem Mitgliederverhältnis der beiden Gesellschaften entspricht. Das Tagungsprogramm umfasste elf Plenarvorträge und den Wolfgang‐Paul‐Vortrag. 72 eingereichte Vorträge waren auf drei Parallelsessions aufgeteilt, und Wissenschaftler präsentierten an den drei Tagen etwa 280 Poster. Etwa zwanzig Anbieter von Geräten, Zubehör und Software waren vertreten, deren Stände im Foyer abwechselnd mit den Postern angeordnet waren.
Misclassification of self‐reported smoking in adult survivors of childhood cancer
Authors: Huang I‐Chan , Klosky James L. , Young Chelsea M. , Murphy Sharon E. , Krull Kevin K. , Srivastava DeoKumar , Hudson Melissa M. , Robison Leslie L. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe investigated misclassification rates, sensitivity, and specificity of self‐reported cigarette smoking through serum cotinine concentration (liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry) among 287 adult survivors of childhood cancer. Overall, 2.5–6.7% and 19.7–36.9% of the self‐reported never and past smokers had cotinine levels indicative of active smoking. Sensitivity and specificity of self‐reported smoking were 57.5–67.1% and 96.6–99.2%. Misclassification was associated with younger age (OR = 3.2; 95% CI = 1.4–7.4), male (OR = 2.1; 95% CI = 1.1–4.0), and past (OR = 2.7; 95% CI = 1.3–5.8) or current (OR = 2.6; 95% CI = 1.0–6.6) marijuana use. After adjusting for tobacco‐related variables, current marijuana use remained a significant risk for misclassification. Clinicians/researchers should consider bio‐verification to measure smoking status among survivors.
The role of the Italian Space Agency in investigating high frequencies for satellite communications: The Alphasat experiment
Authors: Codispoti G. , Parca G. , Ruggieri M. , Rossi T. , De Sanctis M. , Riva C. , Luini L. 
Published: June 2018

SummarySince the 1970s, satellite communications have been continuously evolving and improving to provide services characterized by increasing complexity and quality. This evolution has been supported by the constant increase in the operating frequency for achieving the necessary high data rates. This contribution focuses on the long‐term key role of the Italian Space Agency in supporting research activities on (and the developments of) high‐frequency satellite communication systems. The Alphasat experiment is the most recent effort of the Italian Space Agency, in collaboration with the European Space Agency, to thoroughly investigate the severe detrimental atmospheric effects impairing radio waves at high frequency (specifically, Ka and Q bands) and the associated fade mitigation techniques (eg, uplink power control, site diversity, and adaptive coding and modulation) required to achieve the typical target quality and availability of modern satellite communication systems.
Biohybrid and Bioinspired Magnetic Microswimmers
Authors: Bente Klaas , Codutti Agnese , Bachmann Felix , Faivre Damien 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMany motile microorganisms swim and navigate in chemically and mechanically complex environments. These organisms can be functionalized and directly used for applications (biohybrid approach), but also inspire designs for fully synthetic microbots. The most promising designs of biohybrids and bioinspired microswimmers include one or several magnetic components, which lead to sustainable propulsion mechanisms and external controllability. This Review addresses such magnetic microswimmers, which are often studied in view of certain applications, mostly in the biomedical area, but also in the environmental field. First, propulsion systems at the microscale are reviewed and the magnetism of microswimmers is introduced. The review of the magnetic biohybrids and bioinspired microswimmers is structured gradually from mostly biological systems toward purely synthetic approaches. Finally, currently less explored parts of this field ranging from in situ imaging to swarm control are discussed.
Engineered Multifunctional Albumin‐Decorated Porous Silicon Nanoparticles for FcRn Translocation of Insulin
Authors: Martins João P. , D'Auria Roberto , Liu Dongfei , Fontana Flavia , Ferreira Mónica P. A. , Correia Alexandra , Kemell Marianna , Moslova Karina , Mäkilä Ermei , Salonen Jarno , Casettari Luca , Hirvonen Jouni , Sarmento Bruno , Santos Hélder A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe last decade has seen remarkable advances in the development of drug delivery systems as alternative to parenteral injection‐based delivery of insulin. Neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn)‐mediated transcytosis has been recently proposed as a strategy to increase the transport of drugs across the intestinal epithelium. FcRn‐targeted nanoparticles (NPs) could hijack the FcRn transcytotic pathway and cross the epithelial cell layer. In this study, a novel nanoparticulate system for insulin delivery based on porous silicon NPs is proposed. After surface conjugation with albumin and loading with insulin, the NPs are encapsulated into a pH‐responsive polymeric particle by nanoprecipitation. The developed NP formulation shows controlled size and homogeneous size distribution. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images show successful encapsulation of the NPs into pH‐sensitive polymeric particles. No insulin release is detected at acidic conditions, but a controlled release profile is observed at intestinal pH. Toxicity studies show high compatibility of the NPs with intestinal cells. In vitro insulin permeation across the intestinal epithelium shows approximately fivefold increase when insulin is loaded into FcRn‐targeted NPs. Overall, these FcRn‐targeted NPs offer a toolbox in the development of targeted therapies for oral delivery of insulin.
Level set tree methods
Authors: Klemelä Jussi 
Published: June 2018

Level set trees provide a tool for analyzing multivariate functions. Level set trees are particularly efficient in visualizing and presenting properties related to local maxima and local minima of functions. Level set trees can help statistical inference related to estimating probability density functions and regression functions, and they can be used in cluster analysis and function optimization, among other things. Level set trees open a new way to look at multivariate functions, which makes the detection and analysis of multivariate phenomena feasible, going beyond one‐ and two‐dimensional analysis.This article is categorized under:

Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Analysis of High Dimensional Data
Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Statistical Graphics and Visualization
Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Nonparametric Methods
A micromorphic approach to stress gradient elasticity theory with an assessment of the boundary conditions and size effects
Authors: Polizzotto Castrenze 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBasing on thermodynamics principles, a stress gradient elasticity theory is presented whereby the material is modeled as a centro‐symmetric micromorphic anisotropic material. A principle of minimum complementary energy and a stationarity principle of Hellinger–Reissner type are provided, by which the boundary conditions are uniquely determined in a form consistent with continuum mechanics. For 3‐D solids, these conditions include, beside the three ordinary boundary conditions for the assigned boundary data (displacements and/or tractions), six extra boundary conditions by which a microstructure/continuum compatibility condition is enforced, generally through the vanishing of the normal derivative of the stress, , on the whole boundary surface.A typical boundary‐value problem for isotropic materials with a single length scale parameter under static loads is discussed, showing that it is governed by the same Navier PDEs of classical elasticity, along with a set of Helmholtz PDEs as constitutive equations. Size effects are shown to arise from two distinct sources, that is, the spatial fluctuating of the body force and the double curl of the Hookean stress field. It is proved that a formulation of stress gradient elasticity theory based on the pure notion of nonsimple material (like the ones existing in the literature) leads to anomalies in the ordinary and extra boundary conditions. A comparison of the present theory with that by Eringen is also discussed.Two examples of stress gradient structural models are analytically worked out, namely, a thick‐walled cylinder and a Kirchhoff–Love circular plate. For comparison, the solutions for strain gradient material are also presented. Graphic illustrations show that in both examples stiffening size effects like with the ancillary strain gradient models are found.
Rotorcraft virtual engineering; supporting life-cycle engineering through design and development, test and certification and operations
Authors: Padfield G. D. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTThe rotorcraft industry needs Virtual Engineering first to ensure decisions made early in the life-cycle, at the requirements capture and preliminary design phases for example, are reliably informed. Later, in design, development and qualification, Virtual Prototypes can become the centre of attention for critical reviews and, ultimately, certification itself. A significant challenge is to ensure that model fidelity is good enough, not only for supporting design decisions but also in establishing requirements based on sufficiently mature technologies. This international conference, Rotorcraft virtual engineering; supporting life-cycle engineering through design and development, test and certification and operations and co-sponsored by the RAeS/AHS/A3F/DGLR/AIDAA addressed these themes and this paper reviews and assesses the value of the various contributions.
Creative exploration using topic-based bisociative networks
Authors: Ahmed Faez , Fuge Mark 
Published: June 2018

Bisociative knowledge discovery is an approach that combines elements from two or more ‘incompatible’ domains to generate creative solutions and insight. Inspired by Koestler’s notion of bisociation, in this paper we propose a computational framework for the discovery of new connections between domains to promote creative discovery and inspiration in design. Specifically, we propose using topic models on a large collection of unstructured text ideas from multiple domains to discover creative sources of inspiration. We use these topics to generate a Bisociative Information Network – a graph that captures conceptual similarity between ideas – that helps designers find creative links within that network. Using a dataset of thousands of ideas from OpenIDEO, an online collaborative community, our results show usefulness of representing conceptual bridges through collections of words (topics) in finding cross-domain inspiration. We show that the discovered links between domains, whether presented on their own or via ideas they inspired, are perceived to be more novel and can also be used as creative stimuli for new idea generation.
Rivals No More: Jan Vansina, Precolonial African Historiography, and Archaeology
Authors: Robertshaw Peter 
Published: June 2018

Abstract:This tribute to Jan Vansina explores the role of archaeology in the investigation of early African history, arguing for more work on the relationship between politics and the practice of ritual. The well-trodden topic of migrations of Bantu-speakers is revisited to examine the potential of genetics and archaeology to contribute to their investigation. Vansina often claimed to be a positivist and empiricist but there are contradictions in his writings that are tied to his changing vision of the purpose of precolonial African historiography. His view that African history must be meaningful to Africans resonates with recent developments in African archaeology.
Investigation on extreme frequency shift in silica fiber-based high-power Raman fiber laser
Authors: Song Jiaxin , Wu Hanshuo , Ye Jun , Zhang Hanwei , Xu Jiangming , Zhou Pu , Liu Zejin 
Published: June 2018

In this paper, we experimentally investigated the extreme frequency shift in high-power Raman fiber laser (RFL). The RFL was developed by using a pair of fiber Bragg gratings with fixed and matched central wavelength (1120 nm) combined with a piece of 31-m-long polarization maintaining (PM) passive fiber adopted as Raman gain medium. The pump source was a homemade high-power, linearly polarized (LP) wavelength-tunable master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) source with ${\sim}25~\text{nm}$ tunable working range (1055–1080 nm). High-power and high-efficiency RFL with extreme frequency shift between the pump and Stokes light was explored. It is found that frequency shift located within 10.6 THz and 15.2 THz can ensure efficient Raman lasing, where the conversion efficiency is more than 95% of the maximal value, 71.3%. In addition, a maximum output power of 147.1 W was obtained with an optical efficiency of 71.3%, which is the highest power ever reported in LP RFLs to the best of our knowledge.
Polymer turbulence with Reynolds and Riemann
Authors: Graham Michael D. 
Published: June 2018

Models of flowing complex fluids such as polymer solutions often use a conformation tensor that reflects the state of the fluid microstructure. In polymer solutions, this quantity measures the orientation and stretching of the molecules, and reflects the fact that the squared length of a polymer molecule must be positive. By exploiting results from differential geometry and continuum mechanics, Hameduddin et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 842, 2018, pp. 395–427) introduce a new approach for analysing the conformation tensor that respects this positivity constraint. With this approach, they present computational results for turbulent flow of a polymer solution that exhibits turbulent drag reduction, showing that the new measures of polymer stretching afforded by their approach lend insights not available in traditional methods.
The Neoliberal Targeted Social Investment State: The Case of Ethnic Minorities
Authors: ZEHAVI AMOS , BREZNITZ DAN 
Published: June 2018

AbstractNeoliberal governance has been associated with rising inequality and economic exclusion. Recent scholarship proposes that the social investment state (SIS) is a turn away from such inequality and exclusion-enhancing neoliberalism. The ideal SIS responds to neoliberalism-generated social ills by investing in the productive capacities of all its citizens. However, commentators ask whether an SIS addresses the plight of weaker elements in society, specifically that of disadvantaged ethnic minorities. This paper looks specifically at this question by utilising a critical-case study research design of a surprising example of social investment in disadvantaged ethnic minorities: the extensive labour market policies for Israeli Arabs. This paper introduces the concept of a neoliberal targeted SIS in which social investment programmes are developed for economic reasons, promoted by neoliberal actors (right-wing parties and Ministries of Finance), target narrow groups instead of being applied to all, and the preferred mode for the delivery of services is private. Egalitarian outcomes – to the extent that they materialise – might be thought of as a policy by-product.
Advanced force control of the 2-axes PAM-based manipulator using adaptive neural networks
Authors: Anh Ho Pham Huy , Van Kien Cao , Nam Nguyen Thanh 
Published: June 2018

SUMMARYThis paper proposes a detailed investigation on the new neural-based feed-forward PID direct force control (FNN-PID-DF) approach applied to a highly nonlinear 2-axes pneumatic artificial muscle (PAM) manipulator in order to ameliorate its force output performance. Founded on the novel inverse neural NARX model dynamically identified to learn well all nonlinear characteristics of the contact force dynamics of the 2-axes PAM-based manipulator, the novel proposed neural FNN-PID-DF force controller is innovatively implemented in order to directly force control the 2-axes PAM robot system used as a rehabilitation device subjected to internal systematic interactions and external contact force deviations. The performance of the experimental tests has proven the advantages and merits of the new force control method compared to the classical PID force control method. The new neural FNN-PID-DF force controller guides the wrist/hand of subject/patient to successfully generate the predefined desired force values.
Defining Disaster-Related Health Risk: A Primer for Prevention
Authors: Keim Mark 
Published: June 2018

AbstractEffective disaster risk management requires not only management of the immediate problem (disaster-related injuries and disease), but also of the patient’s risk factors and of the underlying health determinants. This requires an accurate and well-validated process for assessment of the determinants of disease.Ideally, disaster risk management is based on a prioritization process. Once hazards have been identified, they are assessed in terms of the probability and impact in terms of losses. The hazards associated with the greatest probability and impact loss are prioritized. In addition to prioritization, risk assessment also offers a process for ongoing research involving the interaction of health determinants, risk, and protective factors that may contribute to future adverse health outcomes.Recently, assessments of health risk have become an integral part of local, state, and national emergency preparedness programs. One of the strengths of these assessments is the convening of multi-sectoral input for public health decision making and plans. However, this diversity of input also creates challenges in development of a common nomenclature for assessing and communicating the characteristics of this risk. Definitions remain ambiguous for many of the key indicators of disaster risk, especially those applied to health risk.This report is intended as a primer for defining disaster-related health risk. This framework is discussed within a nomenclature that is consistent with international standards for risk management and public health prevention.KeimM. Defining disaster-related health risk: a primer for prevention. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2018;33(3):308-316.
Assessing Disaster-Related Health Risk: Appraisal for Prevention
Authors: Keim Mark 
Published: June 2018

AbstractRisk assessment is a key component of public health interventions intended to prevent or reduce adverse health effects. Health risk assessments are widely used to guide public health programming, as well as multi-sectoral studies of environmental impact and developmental decision making. Analytical risk assessment is a well-validated tool that is routinely used among certain subsets of public health, including those for chemical, radiological, and microbiological risk assessment. However, this is not the case for risk assessments involving disasters in general, or more specifically, for public health emergencies involving environmental hazards (eg, technological, hydro-meteorological, and seismic).There remains a need for a reproducible, well-validated, disaster-related health risk assessment process that is suitable for accommodating the current gaps in certainty. This report is intended to offer a practical framework and nomenclature for assessing disaster-related health risk that is: (1) accurate; (2) based upon historical evidence; (3) quantifiable in public health terms; and (4) inclusive of uncertainty.KeimM. Assessing disaster-related health risk: appraisal for prevention. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2018;33(3):317-325.