bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observation of Aneurobracon philippinensis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Immatures Shows How Koinobiont Offspring Flexibly Adjust Their Development to Host Growth
Authors: Aoyama Haruka , Ohshima Issei 
Published: July 2019

AbstractKoinobionts are parasitoids that allow their hosts to grow after infection, and they finally kill their host individuals at parasitoid-specific host stages. Since fatal accidents of host organisms directly result in the deaths of parasitizing koinobionts, a longer parasitization period in vulnerable hosts is likely to increase the mortality of the koinobionts. However, for hosts inhabiting concealed environments in their later developmental stages, koinobionts should begin parasitization in early-stage hosts to make use of the grown hosts. A koinobiont parasitoid, Aneurobracon philippinensis (Muesebeck), mainly uses a leaf-mining moth, Acrocercops transecta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) as a host. Due to the three-dimensional structure of the mines constructed by later instars of A. transecta, females of A. philippinensis seldomly oviposit into later instar hosts, whereas feeding on final instar hosts is essential for A. philippinensis larvae. This implies that oviposition targets in the wild are shifted to early instars, though the final instar is the ideal target to shorten the parasitization period. The dissection of wild host larvae demonstrated that no eggs were observed in the final instar, supporting the above expectation. Laboratory parasitization experiments revealed that A. philippinensis eggs hatched approximately 80 h after oviposition, and hatched larvae stayed in the first instar until the host larvae completed making cocoons. These results suggest that the first-instar period of the parasitoid larvae functions as an adjusting period to synchronize the parasitoid and host developmental stages and that koinobiosis plays an important role in utilizing the final instar of A. transecta as a resource.
H2FPEF Score as a Prognostic Value in HFpEF Patients
Authors: Sueta Daisuke , Yamamoto Eiichiro , Nishihara Taiki , Tokitsu Takanori , Fujisue Koichiro , Oike Fumi , Takae Masafumi , Usuku Hiroki , Takashio Seiji , Arima Yuichiro , Suzuki Satoru , Nakamura Taishi , Ito Miwa , Kanazawa Hisanori , Sakamoto Kenji , Kaikita Koichi , Tsujita Kenichi 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
The H2FPEF score is recognized as a simple method to diagnose heart failure (HF) with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (HFpEF). We investigated the value of the H2FPEF score in predicting subsequent cardiovascular events in HFpEF patients.

Methods
This study was a retrospective, single-center, observational study. We calculated the H2FPEF scores for 404 consecutive HFpEF patients. Subjects were subdivided into low- (0–3), intermediate- (4–6), and high-score (7–9) groups and followed for 50 months. The primary and secondary endpoints were composite cardiovascular/cerebrovascular events (cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, unstable angina pectoris, hospitalization for HF decompensation, and nonfatal stroke) occurrence and HF-related events (hospitalization for HF decompensation) occurrence at 50 months, respectively.

Results
Kaplan–Meier analyses demonstrated a significantly higher incidence of cardiovascular/cerebrovascular events among those with a higher H2FPEF score (log-rank test, P = 0.005). The HF-related event rate was higher in proportion to the H2FPEF score (log-rank test, P &lt; 0.001). Multivariate Cox hazard analyses identified the H2FPEF score (per 1 point) as an independent predictor of cardiovascular and HF-related events (hazard ratio [HR], 1.179; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.066–1.305; P = 0.001 and HR, 1.288; 95% CI, 1.134–1.463; P = 0.001, respectively). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that the H2FPEF significantly predicted cardiovascular events (area under the curve [AUC], 0.626; 95% CI, 0.557–0.693; P &lt; 0.001) and HF-related events (AUC, 0.680; 95% CI, 0.600–0.759; P &lt; 0.001). The cutoff H2FPEF score was 5.5 for the identification of cardiovascular and HF-related events.

Conclusion
The H2FPEF score might be a potentially useful marker for the prediction of cardiovascular and HF-related events in HFpEF patients.

Clinical Trails Registration
Trail Number UMIN000029600.
Evaluation of the Vertical Movement of Ribeiro’s Dermolipoglandular Mammary Flap One Year After Mammaplasties in Post-Bariatric Patients
Authors: Sizenando Rodrigo P , Diniz Marco Túlio C , da Costa Paulo Roberto , Manhães Luiz Gustavo S 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
In 1971, Ribeiro isolated a segment in the inferior pole of the ptotic breast, nourished by muscular perforating vessels, and moved it cranially to the posterior region of the remaining detached breast tissue, where it was fixed to the pectoral fascia. This maneuver created a flap with autologous implant function, independent from the rest of the breast’s support, that maintained long-term mammary projection.

Objectives
The objectives of this study were to measure the vertical movement of this flap 1 year after mammaplasty and to evaluate the factors involved.

Methods
The sample included 13 patients who had previously undergone bariatric surgery. The position of a titanium marker attached to the Ribeiro flap was compared on chest radiographs taken 1 day and 1 year after the mammaplasty. The significance level was set at 5%.

Results
All of the titanium markers moved 0.6 cm to 4.1 cm caudally during the study period (average, 2.4 cm ± 1.02 cm). The greater the weight loss after the plastic surgery, the further the marker’s descent. Weight loss between bariatric surgery and plastic surgery, the vertical dimension of the ptotic breast tissue immediately before plastic surgery, the vertical extent of the nipple-areola complex elevation during mammaplasty, the Ribeiro flap thickness and volume, and the breast volume after mammaplasty were not associated with the vertical movement of the flap.

Conclusions
The Ribeiro flap employed in mammaplasty of patients who previously underwent bariatric surgery undergoes ptosis that is exacerbated by weight loss after mammaplasty.

Level of Evidence: 4
Gene set analysis methods for the functional interpretation of non-mRNA data—Genomic range and ncRNA data
Authors: Mora Antonio 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Gene set analysis (GSA) is one of the methods of choice for analyzing the results of current omics studies; however, it has been mainly developed to analyze mRNA (microarray, RNA-Seq) data. The following review includes an update regarding general methods and resources for GSA and then emphasizes GSA methods and tools for non-mRNA omics datasets, specifically genomic range data (ChIP-Seq, SNP and methylation) and ncRNA data (miRNAs, lncRNAs and others). In the end, the state of the GSA field for non-mRNA datasets is discussed, and some current challenges and trends are highlighted, especially the use of network approaches to face complexity issues.
Effect of Mobile Phase pH on the Electrospray Ionization Efficiency and Qualitative Analysis of Pharmaceuticals in ESI + LC-MS/MS
Authors: Kafeenah Husam I S , Osman Rozita , Bakar N K A 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The effect of mobile phase pH on positive ionization process and retention time of nine pharmaceuticals on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was discussed. The effective use of high and low mobile phase pH in LC-MS/MS qualitative analyses method was also evaluated by comparing the instrument detection limit, quantification limit, precision, linearity and signal to noise (S/N) under low and high mobile phase pH. In this work, six mobile phase pH that ranged between pH 2 and pH 10 were used to evaluate the effect of the mobile phase pH changes on the ionization process in electrospray ionization. Results revealed that high mobile phase pH ionized more pharmaceuticals molecules and gave a higher signal than low mobile phase pH in positive ionization mode. The results proved that ammonium ion was better as a proton donor in high pH mobile phase than the hydronium ion in acidic mobile phase. The results revealed that the qualitative LC-MS/MS analyses method by using high mobile phase pH has better performance for most analytes in terms of sensitivity, precision, linearity and S/N than the low mobile phase pH.
The impact of aortic valve replacement on survival in patients with normal flow low gradient severe aortic stenosis: a propensity-matched comparison
Authors: Saeed Sahrai , Vamvakidou Anastasia , Seifert Reinhard , Khattar Rajdeep , Li Wei , Senior Roxy 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aims
To assess the survival benefit of aortic valve replacement (AVR) in patients with normal flow low gradient severe aortic stenosis (AS).

Methods and results
A retrospective study of prospectively collected data of 276 patients (mean age 75 ± 15 years, 51% male) with normal transaortic flow [flow rate (FR) ≥200 mL/s or stroke volume index (SVi) ≥35 mL/m2] and severe AS (aortic valve area <1.0 cm2). The outcome measure was all-cause mortality. Of the 276 patients, 151 (55%) were medically treated, while 125 (45%) underwent an AVR. Over a mean follow-up of 3.2 ± 1.8 years (range 0–6.9 years), a total of 96 (34.8%) deaths occurred: 17 (13.6%) in AVR group vs. 79 (52.3%) in those medically treated, when transaortic flow was defined by FR (P < 0.001). When transaortic flow was defined by SVi, a total of 79 (31.3%) deaths occurred: 18 (15.1%) in AVR group vs. 61 (45.9%) in medically treated (P < 0.001). In a propensity-matched multivariable Cox regression analysis adjusting for age, gender, body surface area, smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation, peripheral vascular disease, chronic kidney disease, left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular mass, and mean aortic gradient, not having AVR was associated with a 6.3-fold higher hazard ratio (HR) of all-cause mortality [HR 6.28, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.34–13.16; P < 0.001] when flow was defined by FR. In the SVi-guided model, it was 3.83-fold (HR 3.83, 95% CI 2.30–6.37; P < 0.001).

Conclusion
In patients with normal flow low gradient severe AS, AVR was associated with a significantly improved survival compared with those who received standard medical treatment.
Strain-oriented strategy for guiding cardioprotection initiation of breast cancer patients experiencing cardiac dysfunction
Authors: Santoro Ciro , Esposito Roberta , Lembo Maria , Sorrentino Regina , De Santo Irene , Luciano Federica , Casciano Ofelia , Giuliano Mario , De Placido Sabino , Trimarco Bruno , Lancellotti Patrizio , Arpino Grazia , Galderisi Maurizio 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aims
This study assessed the impact of the strain-guided therapeutic approach on cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) and rate of cancer therapy (CT) interruption in breast cancer.

Methods and results
We enrolled 116 consecutive female patients with HER2-positive breast cancer undergoing a standard protocol by EC (epirubicine + cyclophosphamide) followed by paclitaxel + trastuzumab (TRZ). Coronary artery, valvular and congenital heart disease, heart failure, primary cardiomyopathies, permanent or persistent atrial fibrillation, and inadequate echo-imaging were exclusion criteria. Patients underwent an echo-Doppler exam with determination of ejection fraction (EF) and global longitudinal strain (GLS) at baseline and every 3 months during CT. All patients developing subclinical (GLS drop >15%) or overt CTRCD (EF reduction <50%) initiated cardiac treatment (ramipril+ carvedilol). In the 99.1% (115/116) of patients successfully completing CT, GLS and EF were significantly reduced and E/e′ ratio increased at therapy completion. Combined subclinical and overt CTRCD was diagnosed in 27 patients (23.3%), 8 at the end of EC and 19 during TRZ courses. Of these, 4 (3.4%) developed subsequent overt CTRCD and interrupted CT. By cardiac treatment, complete EF recovery was observed in two of these patients and partial recovery in one. These patients with EF recovery re-started and successfully completed CT. The remaining patient, not showing EF increase, permanently stopped CT. The other 23 patients with subclinical CTRCD continued and completed CT.

Conclusion
These findings highlight the usefulness of ‘strain oriented’ approach in reducing the rate of overt CTRCD and CT interruption by a timely cardioprotective treatment initiation.
Social mobility, accumulation of disadvantages and health. An analysis with retrospective data from the GSOEP (2002–14)
Authors: Knöchelmann Anja , Günther Sebastian , Moor Irene , Seifert Nico , Richter Matthias 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
Socioeconomic position (SEP) in different life stages is related to health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Yet, research on the relevance of life course processes is scarce. This study aims to analyse the association between accumulation of disadvantages, social mobility and HRQoL.

Methods
Analyses were conducted using population-averaged panel-data models and are based on data from the German Socio-Economic Panel 2002–14, including retrospective biographical information, comprising 25 473 observations from 8666 persons. Intergenerational and intragenerational mobility included the occupational positions in childhood (parental position), first job and middle age. Accumulation of disadvantages was measured using an accumulation index. HRQoL was assessed using the Mental and Physical Component Summary Scores of the SF12v2.

Results
Accumulation of disadvantages was the main predictor for the Physical Component Summary in mid-age. Men and women in a stable low SEP or with a steep downward mobility showed the least favourable physical HRQoL. This holds for intergenerational and intragenerational mobility. Mental HRQoL did not seem to be associated with accumulation or social mobility.

Conclusion
The results show that physical HRQoL is related to social mobility and accumulation of (dis-)advantages. Further research is needed thoroughly analysing this association.
Time-varying probabilities of earthquake occurrence in central New Zealand based on the EEPAS model compensated for time-lag
Authors: Rhoades David A , Christophersen Annemarie 
Published: July 2019

SUMMARYThe ‘Every Earthquake a Precursor According to Scale’ (EEPAS) model treats every earthquake as a precursor of larger earthquakes to follow it within a time-span ranging from months to decades, depending on magnitude. Each earthquake contributes a transient increment to the expected rate of earthquake occurrence in its vicinity, based on empirical predictive scaling relations associated with the precursory scale increase phenomenon. Incomplete information on precursory earthquakes causes the EEPAS model to underpredict the expected number of earthquakes, in particular when forecasting across a time-lag for periods beginning several years ahead. We demonstrate how the model can be modified to compensate for such time-lags when calculating future forecasts. Given the model parameters, the completeness of precursory information can be expressed as a function of the target earthquake magnitude and the time-lag. We consider two end-members for compensating the model for incompleteness. In one end-member, only the background smoothed-seismicity component of the EEPAS model is compensated, in the other, only the time-varying component of the EEPAS model is compensated. We estimate an optimal mixture of these two end-members for time-lags out to 12 yr, using several different versions of the EEPAS model and subsets of the New Zealand earthquake catalogue to which the models were previously fitted. Performance is checked on an independent test period. The optimal compensated model has increasingly high information gains over the original EEPAS model with increasing time-lags. Using catalogue data complete to 2018, the compensated models forecast increased annual probabilities of earthquake occurrence above magnitude thresholds from 6.0 to 8.0 in central New Zealand in the period 2019–2030 relative to the preceding period 2008–2018.
On the forward modelling of three-dimensional magnetotelluric data using a radial-basis-function-based mesh-free method
Authors: Long Jianbo , Farquharson Colin G 
Published: July 2019

SUMMARY
The investigation of using a novel radial-basis-function-based mesh-free method for forward modelling magnetotelluric data is presented. The mesh-free method, which can be termed as radial-basis-function-based finite difference (RBF-FD), uses only a cloud of unconnected points to obtain the numerical solution throughout the computational domain. Unlike mesh-based numerical methods (e.g. grid-based finite difference, finite volume and finite element), the mesh-free method has the unique feature that the discretization of the conductivity model can be decoupled from the discretization used for numerical computation, thus avoiding traditional expensive mesh generation and allowing complicated geometries of the model be easily represented. To accelerate the computation, unstructured point discretization with local refinements is employed. Maxwell’s equations in the frequency domain are re-formulated using $\mathbf {A}$-ψ potentials in conjunction with the Coulomb gauge condition, and are solved numerically with a direct solver to obtain magnetotelluric responses. A major obstacle in applying common mesh-free methods in modelling geophysical electromagnetic data is that they are incapable of reproducing discontinuous fields such as the discontinuous electric field over conductivity jumps, causing spurious solutions. The occurrence of spurious, or non-physical, solutions when applying standard mesh-free methods is removed here by proposing a novel mixed scheme of the RBF-FD and a Galerkin-type weak-form treatment in discretizing the equations. The RBF-FD is applied to the points in uniform conductivity regions, whereas the weak-form treatment is introduced to points located on the interfaces separating different homogeneous conductivity regions. The effectiveness of the proposed mesh-free method is validated with two numerical examples of modelling the magnetotelluric responses over 3-D conductivity models.
At-scale evidence from 26 national household surveys on the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV cascade
Authors: Wilson Nicholas 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) can virtually eliminate vertical HIV transmission, yet more than 160 000 children were newly infected with HIV in 2016. We conducted a pooled analysis of national household surveys from 26 sub-Saharan African countries and calculated PMTCT coverage and access using unconditional and conditional likelihoods. Logistic regression analysis adjusted for country of residence was used to measure the association between socio-demographic factors and PMTCT coverage. The largest loss in the PMTCT cascade access occurred at being offered a HIV test at an antenatal care (ANC) clinic visit, with only 62.6% of women visiting an ANC clinic being offered a HIV test. Logistic regression analysis adjusted for country of residence indicated that completing primary school was associated with a higher likelihood of completing each step in the PMTCT cascade, including being offered a HIV test [odds ratio 2.18 (95% CI: 2.09–2.26)]. Urban residence was associated with a higher likelihood of completing each step in the PMTCT cascade, including being offered a HIV test [odds ratio 2.23 (95% CI: 2.15–2.30)]. To increase progression through the PMTCT cascade, policy-makers should target the likelihood an ANC client is offered a HIV test and the likelihood of facility delivery, steps where access is the lowest. Low educational attainment women and women in rural areas appear to have the lowest coverage in the cascade, suggesting that policy-makers target these individuals.
Interrogating dialogic theories of judicial review
Authors: Jhaveri Swati 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This article critically evaluates dialogic theories of judicial review. It focuses on three main criticisms. Dialogic theories of judicial review can be criticised for being overinclusive in their application to vastly different constitutional systems; overenthusiastic in their preference for weak forms of judicial review; and overly positive in their characterization of systems as “dialogic,” ignoring the existence of interbranch conflict and instances of negative exchanges. This article contributes to this critical conversation on dialogic theories in the context of Asia, specifically Singapore and India. Recent attempts to justify these systems as “dialogic” exemplify these criticisms. The problem of overinclusiveness is easily apparent given that Singapore and India are examples of, respectively, weak and strong forms of judicial review in the common law world. The eagerness to extend dialogic analyses to such vastly different systems leads to problems. The enthusiasm to justify Singapore’s weak-form review as dialogic can potentially lead to a slowed-down advance on constitutionalism. The optimistic vision of constitutional amendments by the political branches in India following judicial review proceedings as a tool for interbranch exchange ignores the combative and tense constitutional conversations surrounding such amendments.
Stochastic boundedness of state trajectories of stable LTI systems in the presence of non-vanishing stochastic perturbation
Authors: Azodi Peyman , Setoodeh Peyman , Khayatian Alireza , Jamalinia Elham 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This paper studies stochastic boundedness of trajectories of a non-vanishing stochastically perturbed stable linear time-invariant system. First, two definitions on stochastic boundedness are presented, then, the boundedness is analyzed via Lyapunov theory. A theorem is proposed, which shows that under a condition on the Lipchitz constant of the perturbation kernel, the trajectories remain stochastically bounded, and the bounds are calculated. Also, the limiting behaviour of the trajectories is studied. At the end, an illustrative example is presented, which shows the effectiveness of the proposed theory.
Human Neonatal Rotavirus Vaccine (RV3-BB) Produces Vaccine Take Irrespective of Histo-Blood Group Antigen Status
Authors: Boniface Karen , Byars Sean G , Cowley Daniel , Kirkwood Carl D , Bines Julie E 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundVP4 [P] genotype binding specificities of rotaviruses and differential expression of histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) between populations may contribute to reduced efficacy against severe rotavirus disease. P[6]-based rotavirus vaccines could broaden protection in such settings, particularly in Africa, where the Lewis-negative phenotype and P[6] rotavirus strains are common.MethodsThe association between HBGA status and G3P[6] rotavirus vaccine (RV3-BB) take was investigated in a phase 2A study of RV3-BB vaccine involving 46 individuals in Dunedin, New Zealand, during 2012–2014. FUT2 and FUT3 genotypes were determined from DNA extracted from stool specimens, and frequencies of positive cumulative vaccine take, defined as an RV3-BB serum immune response (either immunoglobulin A or serum neutralizing antibody) and/or stool excretion of the vaccine strain, stratified by HBGA status were determined.ResultsRV3-BB produced positive cumulative vaccine take in 29 of 32 individuals (91%) who expressed a functional FUT2 enzyme (the secretor group), 13 of 13 (100%) who were FUT2 null (the nonsecretor group), and 1 of 1 with reduced FUT2 activity (i.e., a weak secretor); in 37 of 40 individuals (93%) who expressed a functional FUT3 enzyme (the Lewis-positive group) and 3 of 3 who were FUT3 null (the Lewis-negative group); and in 25 of 28 Lewis-positive secretors (89%), 12 of 12 Lewis-positive nonsecretors (100%), 2 of 2 Lewis-negative secretors, and 1 of 1 Lewis-negative weak secretor.ConclusionsRV3-BB produced positive cumulative vaccine take irrespective of HBGA status. RV3-BB has the potential to provide an improved level of protection in settings where P[6] rotavirus disease is endemic, irrespective of the HBGA profile of the population.