bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design, optimization and evaluation of ibuprofen fast dissolving tablets employing starch tartrate: A new superdisintegrant
Authors: Santosh Kumar Rada , Satya Yagnesh T. Naga 
Published: April 2019

The current scenario deals with the study of fast dissolving tablets for the patients suffering from swallowing, sickness ,etc. The present investigation involves in the evaluation of starch tartrate as a superdintegrant in the formulation of fast dissolving tablets of poorly soluble drugs employing 23factorial design. Starch tartrate was synthesized by esterification process. The synthesized starch tartrate was subjected to physical and micromeritic evaluation. All fast dissolving tablets were evaluated for drug content, hardness, friability, disintegration time and other dissolution characteristics like percent dissolved in 5 min (PD5), dissolution efficiency in 5 min (DE5%) and first order rate constant(K1). The starch tartrate prepared was found to be fine, free flowing slightly crystalline powder. Starch tartrate exhibited good swelling in water.Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) study indicated the absence of interaction between ibuprofen and starch tartrate. All the fast dissolving tablets formulated employing starch tartrate were of good quality with regard to drug content (200±5%), hardness (3.6–3.9 kg/sq. cm), and friability (0.12-0.15%). The optimised formulation F2 has the least disintegration time i.e., 9±0. 03s. The in–vitro wetting time was less (i.e., 60s) in optimized formulation F2. The water absorption ratio of the formulated tablets was found to be in the range of 27.53±0.12 to 69.75±0.18%. The cumulative drug dissolved in the optimized formulation F2 was found to be 100.17±0.56% in 5 min. Starch tartrate was found to be a superdisintegrant which enhanced the dissolution efficiency with the ibuprofen and hence it could be used in the formulation of fast dissolving tablets to bring immediate release of the contained drug within 5 minutes.
Keywords: Fast dissolving, Superdisintegrant, Starch tartrate, Dissolution efficiency.
Role of Roof plate-specific SPONDIN3 Mutation in the Determination of Obesity Phenotypes/Fat Distribution and Susceptibility to Cardiovascular disease in Sudanese Patients in Khartoum State
Authors: Alkinain Ashraf  M.A. , Abdelsalam Kamal Eldin Ahmed , Hassan Mutaz Ibrahim 
Published: April 2019

Background: Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. A growing database of clinical evidence implicates intra-abdominal adiposity as a powerful driving force for elevated cardiometabolic risk (1). Addressing intra-abdominal adiposity should play a central role in future strategies aimed at improving cardiovascular outcomes in patients with abdominal obesity and its associated cardiometabolic risk in Sudan.
Objectives: It is to find the mutation in R-SPONDIN3gene and its association to both of fat deposition around the abdomen and susceptibility to cardiovascular disease in Sudanese patients in Khartoum State.
Material and methods: Conventional PCR was done to detect R- SPONDIN3 in 300 participants (males and females) classified into three groups. The first group will include one hundred participants with abdominal obesity, the second group will include one hundred participants already diagnosed with CVD entangled with obesity (positive control group), while the third group will include one hundred healthy lean volunteers (negative control group). Data was analyzed using SPSS Version 22 software. P value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
Results: In this study, the results of Conventional PCR were significantly different in (P <0.001) in Heart group subjects as compared to healthy controls and obese group. Comparison between the different studied groups according to gene expression showed significant differences (P <0.001) mean value of gene expression in healthy group subjects was 1.0 ± 0.0, Obesity group was 2.44 ± 0.50 and heart group subjects was 4.54 ± 0.87 respectively .
Conclusion: clinically, detect R- SPONDIN3 mutation in patients with diagnosed with CVD entangled with obesity and amount of the gene expressed cleared different between obese and CVD subjects entangled with obesity.
Keywords: R-SPONDIN3 gene, abdominal Obesity, CVD.
Design of transdermal patch of ketoprofen by full factorial design for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Rao Monica RP , Sonavane Vijay , Kulkarni Sayali , Magar Mayuri , Zope Abhishek , Karanjkar Pooja 
Published: April 2019

Oral therapy of NSAIDs for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis causes gastric irritation and ulceration. In the present study transdermal patch of ketoprofen was developed using hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose E5 and Eudragit S100. Patches were prepared by solvent evaporation method. Optimization was carried out by 32 factorial design with polymer concentration (HPMC E5) and plasticizer concentration (propylene glycol) as independent variables. Patches were evaluated for folding endurance, surface pH, drug content, percent moisture content, water uptake and swelling studies. Ex vivo permeation studies of optimized patch was performed using Franz diffusion cell while bioadhesion force and tensile strength were measured by using texture analyzer. Hydrophilic nature, swelling ability and wettability of polymer and plasticizer were responsible for increase in flux and bioadhesion with increase in their concentrations in the factorial batches. Swelling index of all formulations was in the range of 17.3 ±1.2 to 65.29 ±4.78 up to 3h. Flux obtained from all batches was in the range of 3.37±0.23 to 5.43±0.13µg/h/cm2. Anti-inflammatory studies using carrageenan-induced rat paw edema showed greater paw swelling reduction in case of ketoprofen patch. Cumulative percent drug permeation of optimized patch through nylon 66, Wistar rat skin and cadaver skin was found to be 92.3% >86.28 %>63.42% in 8h, while flux order was 6.073> 5.442 > 2.219 µg/h/cm2 respectively. The study concludes that transdermal patch of ketoprofen will be more efficacious with absence of gastric irritation observed in oral formulations.
Keywords: Ketoprofen, Bioadhesion, HPMC E5, Flux, Backing membrane
Optimisation of aceclofenac fast dissolving tablets employing starch xanthate using 23 factorial design
Authors: Santosh Kumar Rada , Satya Yagnesh T. Naga 
Published: April 2019

The present study involves in the evaluation of starch xanthate as a superdintegrant in the formulation of fast dissolving tablets of poorly soluble drugs employing 23factorial design. By using gelatinization process starch xanthate was synthesized. Then the synthesized starch xanthate was evaluated under physical and micromeritic methods. To develop starch xanthate as a superdisintegrant, fast dissolving tablet of aceclofenac was prepared by direct compression method employing starch xanthate in different proportions in each case employing 23 factorial design. All the prepared fast dissolving tablets were evaluated for drug content, hardness, friability, disintegration time and other dissolution characteristics like PD10, DE5 and K1. The prepared starch xanthate was found to be fine, free flowing slightly crystalline powder. Starch xanthate shown good swelling in water. The swelling index was 50% and all micrometric properties shown good flow and compressibility needed for solid dosage from manufacturing. All the formulated fast dissolving tablets employing starch xanthate were of good quality with regard to drug content, hardness and friability and fulfilled the official (IP/USP) requirements of compressed tablets with regard to the above mentioned physical properties. Starch xanthate was found to be a superdisintegrant which enhanced the dissolution efficiency when combined with croscarmellose sodium, with the aceclofenac and hence it could be utilized in the formulation of fast dissolving tablets to provide immediate release of the contained drug within 10 minutes.
Keywords: Fast Dissolving, Superdisintegrant, Starch xanthate, Dissolution efficiency
Effect of regimenal intervention by nutool (irrigation) in a case of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome
Authors: Ansari Shabnam , Ahmad Minhaj , Sultana Asia , Maaz Mohammad , ----- Fasihuzaman , Siraj Mantasha Binth 
Published: April 2019

Background
‘Nutool’ is one of the regimenal therapy used in Unani medicine since centuries in various inflammatory and painful conditions. Chronic prostatitis (Warm-e- Gudda Mazi Muzmin) is associated with ‘chronic pelvic pain syndrome’ (CP/CPPS), is a chronic pain condition of non-bacterial origin in men with mixture of other symptoms such as lower urinary tract voiding, ejaculatory ailments and negative impact on quality of life (QOL), which almost lacks uniform effective therapy in conventional medicine.
Objectives
The purpose of our case study was to assess the impact of nutool in CP/ CPPS refractory to standard therapies and collect data to warrant further research in this area.
Case study
A 30 yrs. old Asian male admitted with symptoms of pelvic pain and pain during ejaculation from 6 month in absence of lower urinary tract symptoms with negative thoughts, diagnosed as CP/ CPPS on the protocols of NIH. Nutool of anti-inflammatory Unani drugs was given as the main therapy, daily for two weeks. Thus we report our case experience with the integrated short, review of literature and validated assessment, based on 1) VAS, 2) NIH-CPSI which includes pain index, urinary, and QOL score.
Results
Results were validated over the pain on the basis of VAS (visual analogue scale) and NIH-CPSI (standard questionnaire of the national institute of health—chronic prostatitis symptom index) which showed significant improvement after 2 weeks of therapy.
Conclusion
The preliminary findings, although limited, suggest the potential therapeutic role of Nutool in the treatment of CP/CPPS.
Design, optimization and evaluation of aceclofenac fast dissolving tablets employing starch glutarate: A new superdisintegrant
Authors: Santosh Kumar Rada , Satya Yagnesh T. Naga 
Published: April 2019

In solid dosage forms, fast dissolving tablets has proven the best way for ease of administration for the pediatrics and geriatric patients. The current study involves in the evaluation of starch glutarate as a superdintegrant in the formulation of fast dissolving tablets of poorly soluble drugs employing 23factorial design. Starch glutarate was synthesized by esterification process. The synthesized starch glutarate was subjected to physical and micromeritic evaluation. To establish as starch glutarate as a superdisintegrant, fast dissolving tablet of aceclofenac was prepared employing starch glutarate in different proportions in each case by direct compression method employing 23 factorial design. All fast dissolving tablets prepared were evaluated for drug content, hardness, friability, disintegration time and other dissolution characteristics like percent dissolved in 5 min (PD5), Dissolution efficiency in 5 min (DE5%) and first order rate constant (K1). The starch glutarate prepared was found to be fine, free flowing amorphous powder. Starch glutarate exhibited good swelling in water. Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) study indicated the absence of interaction between aceclofenac and starch glutarate. All the fast dissolving tablets formulated employing starch glutarate were of good quality with regard to drug content (100±5%), hardness (3.6–4 kg/sq. cm), and friability (0.12-0.15%). The optimized formulation F8 has the least disintegration time i.e., 30±0.02s. The in vitro wetting time was less (i.e., 90s) in optimized formulation F8. The cumulative drug dissolved in the optimized formulation F8 was found to be 99.15±0.56% in 15 min. Starch glutarate was found to be a superdisintegrant which enhanced the dissolution efficiency when combined with crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium, with the aceclofenac and hence it could be used in the formulation of fast dissolving tablets to provide immediate release of the contained drug within 15 minutes.
Keywords: Fast dissolving, Superdisintegrant, Starch glutarate, Dissolution efficiency.
Formulation and optimization of carbamazepine floating tablets by 23 - factorial design employing Starch-Urea-Borate: A new floating polymer
Authors: Santosh Kumar Rada , Chowdary K.P.R. 
Published: April 2019

Several approaches are currently used to retain the dosage form in the stomach. These include bioadhesive systems, swelling and expanding systems, floating systems and other delayed gastric emptying devices. The principle of floating tablets offers a simple and practical approach to achieve increased gastric residence time to enhance the bioavailability and to obtain controlled release. Floating tablets are designed based on gas generating principle. Design of floating tablets needs a strong matrix forming polymer. Though several polymers are available for floating tablets, there is a continued need to develop new, effective and efficient polymers for controlled release floating tablets. The major objective of the investigation is to evaluate starch-urea-borate, a new modified starch as a floating matrix former in the design of controlled release floating tablets.
Keywords: Optimisation, Carbamazepine, Starch-Urea-Borate, Floating Tablets
Cancer (Sartan) amongst women and its preventive approach in Unani system of medicine
Authors: Anjum Rubi 
Published: April 2019

Cancer has been defined as, malignant growth characterized by the uninhibited proliferation of cells, often affecting healthy tissues locally or throughout the body. Cancer is not a new disease some of the cancers that most often affect women are breast, colon, endometrial, lung, cervical, skin, and ovarian cancers. The most significant risk factor for cancer is age; two-thirds of all cases were in those older than age 65 years, Owing to its high incidence in nature, it is the second leading cause of death after cardiovascular aetiology. Unani or Greek-o-Arab medicine originated in Greece about 2500 years back and is based upon the four humours theory, Unani scholars believed that the body contained four humours (Akhlaat) any imbalance of these fluids will result in disease and excess of black bile (Sauda) in a particular organ site was thought to cause cancer (Sartan). The world’s oldest recorded case of breast cancer hails from ancient Egypt in 1500 BC and it was recorded that there was no treatment for the cancer, only palliative treatment. According to inscriptions, surface tumours were surgically removed in a similar manner as they are removed today. So it is an effort through this paper to highlight the preventive measures mention in the classical Unani literature for cancer prevalent amongst females and some of the cancers can be prevented by avoiding the accumulation of abnormal humours inside the body.
Keywords: Akhlaat, Sartan, Preventive measures, sauda
Assessment of pollen viability and germination in Swainsona formosa (G.Don) J.Thompson
Authors: Z Zulkarnain 
Published: April 2019

The work presented here was aimed at investigating the proper time (after spreading) for viability assessment and the effect of various sucrose concentrations on pollen germination in Swainsona formosa. The rate of pollen tube formation was determined for freshly shed pollen grains of glasshouse-grown plants at 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 60 and 120-minute intervals after being plated on Brewbaker and Kwack (BK) medium. The results indicated that within 60 minutes pollen germination reached 63.70%, after which remained steady at 120 minutes (63.71%). Under the effect of various concentrations of sucrose, i.e. 0.5, 10, 15, and 20% (w/v), the germination rate of pollen grains was assessed at 60 minutes following germination. The results showed that sucrose concentration of 10 – 15% (w/v) produced better germination rate (64.14%) compare to lower concentrations (19.64 and 43.58% at zero and 5% sucrose, respectively). Sucrose concentration above 15% was also found to inhibit pollen germination (48.92% at sucrose concentration of 20%).
KAJIAN PENGGUNAAN CIPROFLOXACIN TERHADAP HISTOLOGI INSANG DAN HATI IKAN BOTIA (Botia macracanthus, Bleeker) YANG DIINFEKSI BAKTERI Aeromonas hydrophila
Authors: S Sukarni , Sukmono Tedjo 
Published: April 2019

Aeromonas hydrophila mampu menyebabkan terjadinya infeksi dan kematian ikan botia dalam waktu yang relatif singkat pada konsentrasi yang tinngi, terbukti dengan konsentrasi 108 sel/ml sudah mampu menyebabkan 50% ikan uji mati. Hasil pengamatan histopatologi pada ikan terinfeksi memiliki ginjal yang mengalami degenerasi hyaline, vakuola yang disebabkan glomerulus yang mengalami lisis dan kemudian hancur, nekrosis pada glomerulus, terdapat banyak koloni bakteri A.hydrophila didalam ginjal, terjadi infiltrasi limfosit. Pada bagian hati terlihat sel hati tidak terlihat jelas karena tertutup akibat infiltrasi limfosit dan koloni bakteri A.hydrophila yang sangat banyak, nekrosis yang menyebabkan vakuola, terdapat infeksi sekunder bakteri yang belum teridentifikasi, serta terjadi cloudy swelling. Pada bagian insang nekrosis pada lamella primer yang menyenbabkan vakuola, kongesti pada lamella primer dan edema pada lamella sekunder, infiltrasi limfosit, poliferasi sel/ fusi lamella serta hyperplasia pada lamella primer. pada ikan botia yang terinfeksi A.hydrophila tetapi kemudian diobati, pada ginjal mengalami perbaikan glomerulus dan kapsula bowman sehingga terlihat jelas, tubuli berbentuk seperti donat dengan corak titik dan garis, tidak ada lagi nekrosis dan vakuola, tidak diketemukan lagi koloni bakteri, terjadi perbaikan hyaline yang mengalami degenerasi, jaringan hematopoietic (pembentuk sel-seldarah merah) terlihat jelas dengan inti yang bulat. Pada bagian hati tidak ditemukan lagi koloni bakteri A.hidrophila dan bakteri sekunder lainnya sehingga hepatosit terlihat jelas dengan bentuk polyhedral dengan inti 1-2, jumlah eritrosit terlihat normal, karena tidak ada lagi infiltrasi limfosit, akan tetapi masih terdapat penyumbatan pada vena centralis yang ditandai dengan vena centralis dipenuhi oleh eritrosit. Pada Insang tidak ada lagi nekrosis dan vakuola pada lamella primer sehingga jaringan terlihat solid, ditemukan infeksi sekunder parasit Monogenea sp, tidak ada lagi infiltrasi limfosit, lapisan epithelium terlihat 1-2 lapis, tidak ada lagi edema dan fusi lamella sehingga lamella tampak jelas dengan ukuran panjang yang bervariasi.
The usage pattern of development method to assess the functioning of special economic zones: the case of Poland
Authors: Piersiala Luiza 
Published: April 2019

Research background: In this article the characteristics of the terms of an entrepreneurship of a region and a local development were presented. Likewise, it demonstrates the results of research about using the development model method to classify special economic zones (SEZ) in terms of the most important indicators referring to the economic activity of zones in Poland, as well as showing the potential of zones ? by noting their advantage or distance in relation to another zone in terms of criteria for functioning of privileged areas forming together a group.
Purpose of the article: The aim of the article is to show the possibility to use a multidimensional comparative analysis method to recognize the level of a region?s development in a time-space system on the example of SEZ operating in Poland.
Methods: The essential data source about the article?s description were reports published by the Ministry of Economy and then the Ministry of Enterprise and Technology: Information on the implementation of the Act on Special Economic Zones. The empirical analysis used the method of multidimensional comparative analysis used to recognize the diversification of the functioning of fourteen SEZ operating in Poland in a time-space system. The examination procedure covered the years 2009?2017. A constant development pattern was adopted for all the years of the study.
Findings & Value added: The results of conducted analysis show that in SEZ there were real development processes. However, these processes were accompanied by persistent disproportions in the level of development of individual zones.
Accesso Libre
Authors: Crooks Roderic 
Published: April 2019

This paper uses the concept of neoliberal responsibilization, the reductive framing of systemic power dynamics as questions of individual choice and agency, to critically interrogate equity of access to information, a central value of the broader field of library and information science (LIS). Based on a case study of Accesso Libre, a public/private partnership based in a South Los Angeles public library, I argue that equity of access to information is an insufficient concept to evaluate the power dynamics of this (and similar) partnerships, wherein powerful corporations encourage the use of commercial informational resources in minoritized communities. As an alternative, responsibilization directs analysis to different questions about equity, a set of concerns that offer LIS theorists and practitioners a way of reflecting on the ethical commitments at the core of the field.
Pre-print first published online 03/09/2019
Zalecenia Polskiej Grupy Szpiczakowej dotyczące rozpoznawania i leczenia szpiczaka plazmocytowego oraz innych dyskrazji plazmocytowych na rok 2018/2019
Authors: Giannopoulos Krzysztof , Jamroziak Krzysztof , Usnarska-Zubkiewicz Lidia , Dytfeld Dominik , Jurczyszyn Artur , Walewski Jan , Lech-Marańda Ewa , Walter-Croneck Adam , Pieńkowska-Grela Barbara , Wróbel Tomasz , Charliński Grzegorz , Jędrzejczak Wiesław Wiktor , Małkowski Bogdan , Druzd-Sitek Agnieszka , Robak Tadeusz , Mańko Joanna , Giebel Sebastian , Czepko Ryszard , Meder Janusz , Dmoszyńska Anna 
Published: April 2019

StreszczenieLiczba chorych na szpiczaka plazmocytowego zwiększa się, co jest skutkiem zarówno skuteczniejszej diagnostyki, jak również istotnego przedłużania przeżycia chorych. Zawdzięczamy to dostępności nowych leków w pierwszej i kolejnych liniach leczenia, zmianie koncepcji leczenia i przedłużaniu czasu trwania leczenia, stosując leczenie konsolidujące oraz podtrzymujące do progresji choroby. Poza zmianą koncepcji leczenia, zmienia się obecnie również kryterium czasu rozpoczęcia terapii uwzględniające biomarkery aktywności choroby oraz dużą uwagę przywiązuje się optymalizacji leczenia w oparciu o dowody pochodzące z badań klinicznych. W artykule tym przedstawiono także zalecenia dotyczące rozpoznania i leczenia makroglobulinemii Waldenströma i innych dyskrazji plazmocytowych.