bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Will the Intervention Benefit My Client? Helping Social Workers to Answer the Question Using Indicators of Clinically Meaningful Change
Authors: Bergström Martin , Baviskar Siddhartha 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSocial workers strive to provide the best support to each client, making it crucial to consider not just group-level effects of interventions but also individual outcomes. While empirical evidence often stems from group-based analyses, these offer limited insights into individual change, which is key for tailoring interventions. The aim of this study is to highlight the importance of individual-level analyses, an underexplored area in social work, using four indicators of “clinically meaningful change” (CMC). We compare these analyses with group-level analyses using a dataset of 146 Swedish families undergoing Functional Family Therapy (FFT), an intervention with strong empirical support. While group-level analyses confirmed FFT’s general effectiveness in reducing adolescent psychosocial symptoms, individual-level analyses revealed a more nuanced picture, showing variations in outcomes—positive, negative, and neutral. The study thus demonstrates the value of CMC indicators for generating individual-level information that social workers can harness to find optimal solutions for their individual clients.
Russian Immigrant Families’ Child Care Selection in the United States
Authors: Novikova Ekaterina , Hallam Rena , Pic Annette 
Published: November 2024

AbstractResearch on immigrant populations shows that child care choices are dependent on the population’s region of origin. While the Russian immigrant population in the United States comprises the largest group of immigrants from Eastern Europe and is likely to increase in the future, there is virtually no research on Russian immigrant families’ child care search and selection criteria. This qualitative study applies the theoretical model of Pungello and Kurtz-Costes (1999), which illustrates how factors such as parental demographic characteristics, environmental context, child characteristics, and parental beliefs play into families’ child care selection. The study draws from semi-structured interviews with 11 Russian immigrant families residing in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States to examine their child care search processes and selection criteria. Results revealed that most parents found child care through friends’ recommendations, Internet search, and online reviews. Nine themes describing child care criteria valued by Russian immigrant families emerged from the analysis. Specifically, parents mentioned culture and personal beliefs, child characteristics, convenience, cost and subsidy, education and learning, program features, facilities and environment, teacher characteristics, and rating and reputation as the major factors in selecting child care. Understanding Russian immigrant parents’ child care information sources and selection criteria will allow for early care and education (ECE) providers to accommodate the needs of Russian immigrant population and for policymakers to facilitate access to ECE programs for these families.
Chemical analysis of toxic elements: total cadmium, lead, mercury, arsenic and inorganic arsenic in local and imported rice consumed in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alrashdi May M. , Ragazzon-Smith Abby , Strashnov Ilya , Polya David A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRice consumption is a pathway for human exposure to toxic elements. Although rice is a major staple in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) there is limited published data about its toxic element composition. Both imported and locally grown Hassawi rice in Saudi Arabia were collected, digested then analysed by HPLC-ICP-MS for inorganic arsenic (i-As) and by ICP-MS for As, Cd, Pb and Hg. Of these toxic elements, i-As was present at concentrations that might give rise to material concerns about human exposure and public health. Hassawi rice (mean 43 ± 5 µg/kg) was found to have significantly lower concentrations of i-As than imported rice (mean 73 ± 8 µg/kg). The estimated exposure of adults consuming imported rice in one KSA city reached 0.3 µg/kg-bw/day, within the margin of safety of the recently withdrawn WHO PTWI for i-As of 2.1 µg/kg-bw/day and higher than EFSA’s 0.06 µg/kg-bw/day skin cancer BMDL05.
War, higher education and development: the experience for educationalists at Gaza’s universities
Authors: Jebril Mona 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe 2014 Israeli war on the Gaza Strip was described, as the ‘longest’ and ‘most violent’, compared to previous wars since 2008. This paper reports on this war experiences for educationalists (academic staff and students) at two of Gaza’s universities. It draws on 36 in-depth semi-structured interviews with educationalists in the Gaza Strip, which I conducted via Skype and mobile/phones from the UK, for my PhD research at the University of Cambridge. Theoretically, the inductive study uses insights from Freire’s Pedagogy of the Oppressed and Bourdieu’s work on symbolic violence, retrospectively. Findings from this research show the impact of the war on Gaza’s educationalists has varied between vulnerability and resilience. The memories of loss, fear, and dehumanization continued to affect educationalists, even after the war came to halt. Some of Gaza’s universities buildings, and facilities were also damaged. Consequently, Gaza’s universities found themselves in a dilemma on how to manage immediate needs, with developmental prospects. This paper documents the history of Gaza’s universities, enhancing our sociological understanding of the experiences of higher education in the Gaza Strip, and the challenges for its development. The research widens the geographical scope of research on conflict, and education, by including the experiences of educationalists in the occupied and besieged context of Gaza, which is significantly under-researched. Insights from this research could be useful to inform the process of reconstruction of higher education in the Gaza Strip, after Israel’s ongoing war on the Gaza Strip, since 7th October 2023 comes to end.
Alexithymia, Inner Thinking Patterns, and Perceptions of Mental Health Therapy Strategies Among Autistic Adults
Authors: Mazurek Micah O. , Pappagianopoulos Jessica , Brunt Sophie , Menezes Michelle , Smith Jessica V. , Howard Mya 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Autistic adults are at high risk for mental health challenges, yet there has been limited research on mental health interventions for this population. Individual differences in how thoughts and emotions are perceived may directly relate to the success of specific therapy strategies. This study examined whether alexithymia and inner thinking patterns relate to helpfulness and ease of use of mental health therapy strategies among autistic adults.

Method
Participants (n = 269 autistic adults, ages 21–77) completed questionnaires assessing alexithymia, inner thinking patterns (i.e., self-talk, verbal thinking, visual thinking), and experiences with mental health therapy strategies. Ordinal logistic regressions were used to examine associations between alexithymia, inner thinking, and perceived helpfulness and ease of use of therapy strategies.

Results
Autistic adults with greater alexithymia found cognitive strategies more difficult to use, while those with greater frequency of self-talk found them easier to use. By contrast, autistic adults with greater visual thinking found guided imagery strategies easier to use. There were no associations between alexithymia or inner thinking and perceived helpfulness or ease of use of behavioral strategies (exposure, behavioral activation), mind–body relaxation strategies (deep breathing, progressive muscle relaxation), or mindfulness meditation.

Conclusions
The findings suggest that some mental health strategies may be more difficult to implement for some autistic adults, depending on individual thinking profiles. However, alexithymia and inner thinking patterns were unrelated to the perceived helpfulness of mental health strategies. Overall, this highlights the importance of providing individualized supports and accommodations to optimize mental health therapy for autistic adults.
Beneficial role of short-term aging on creep performance of cold-worked Ti-added 14Cr–15Ni stainless steel
Authors: Vijayanand V. D. , Ruban R. , Sivapirakasam S. P. , Reddy G. V. Prasad , Nagesha A. , Vasudevan M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe initial microstructure of cold-worked Ti-added 14Cr–15Ni stainless steel was modified through short-term aging and its influence on creep properties has been investigated at a test temperature of 973 K and two stress levels of 150 and 175 MPa. The improvement in rupture life of the condition comprising of post-aging was nominal at 175 MPa, but enhanced more than two times at 150 MPa when compared to the condition which comprised of prior cold work alone. Microstructural examination after creep testing showed that though M23C6 type of precipitates was prominent in both conditions, their size distribution varied with respect to processing condition (viz., one with prior cold work and another comprising of prior cold work followed by aging) as well as applied stress. Retention of cold work-induced dislocation structures aided by secondary TiC precipitates in the aged condition enhanced the rupture life at 150 MPa. Extensive recovery of the dislocation substructure was observed in the unaged condition tested at the same stress level. The size distribution of the dimples observed from the fractographs could be correlated with the extent of creep-induced cavitation. This work describes how the two preprocessing conditions influence the nucleation of M23C6 and secondary TiC precipitates during creep deformation.
Graphical Abstract
Optical spectroscopy of Nd3+-doped cadmium-rich borate glasses for near-infrared laser applications
Authors: Romero-Romo W. , Soriano-Romero O. , Caldiño U. , Carmona-Téllez S. , Lozada-Morales R. , Tomás Sergio A. , Meza-Rocha A. N. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe structural and spectroscopic properties of Nd3+-activated cadmium-rich borate (inverted) glasses are analyzed for near-infrared laser applications. The evaluation of the optimal glass-emitting sample by the Judd–Ofelt (JO) theory revealed JO parameter values of 4.56 × 10–20 cm2 (Ω2), 2.56 × 10–20 cm2 (Ω4), and 3.84 × 10–20 cm2 (Ω6). The Ω2 value, along with the experimental oscillator strength, suggested that the cadmium-rich borate glass could provide a more asymmetrical Nd3+ environment than other borate glasses like lithium-strontium-zinc, sodium-calcium, and lithium-lead-aluminum. In addition, the quality spectroscopy factor (χ = Ω4/Ω6) of 0.67 suggested that the 4F3/2 → 4I11/2 emission could be more suitable for laser applications. The stimulated emission cross-section (σp), theoretical quantum yield (ηQ), gain bandwidth (σp × Δλem), and optical gain (σp × τrad) laser parameters were close to those reported in sodium-calcium-borate, zinc-aluminum-barium-borate, and bismuth-borate glasses, while the non-radiative rate (WNR) and emission intensity saturation (IS) resulted to be lower. The emission spectra, under 808 nm laser excitation, displayed the featured neodymium 4F3/2 → 4I9/2,11/2,13/2 transitions, being the 4F3/2 → 4I11/2 (1058 nm) transition the more dominant one, in agreement with the χ parameter value. Nd3+ contents higher than 1.4 mol% led to emission quenching due to the increment of the cross-relaxation and/or energy migration rate. Such processes, according to the Inokuti–Hirayama model, were mainly mediated by electric dipole–dipole interactions within Nd–Nd clusters.
The role of Ni minor additions on the mechanical characteristics of Sn-1.5Ag-0.5 wt.% Cu (SAC155) Pb-free solder alloy
Authors: Eid E. A. , Fawzy A. , Mansour M. M. , Saad G. , Amin M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMicrostructure analysis, thermal behavior, and tensile creep characteristics of the Sn-1.5Ag-0.5Cu-x wt.% Ni (SAC155-xNi, x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 wt.%) solder alloys have been examined. The Ni additions have greatly modified the microstructure of Ni-free alloy into bulky fibrous eutectic regions and included the contemporary (Cu, Ni)6Sn5, and (Ni, Cu)3Sn4 IMCs. Ni additions slightly increased solidus temperature and melting temperature of them. The results of tensile creep resistance have shown dependence on Ni content and testing temperatures due to bulky fibrous eutectic regions and finer IMCs. Creep rates vary with Ni content across all temperatures and stresses. The SAC155-0.05Ni alloy has the lowest and the SAC-0.0Ni alloy has the highest creep rates at all tested conditions. The delicate dispersed IMCs of Ag3Sn and Cu–Ni–Sn resulted in a significant increase in stress exponent (n$$\approx $$
≈
5–8), enhancing its deformation resistance. The $$n$$
n
values of alloys decrease as the testing temperature rises due to a change in the dominant creep mechanism. The average values of activation energy (Q) of SAC155-xNi alloy ranged from 60.20 to 68.02 kJ/mol. These Q values are coherent to the process of pipe self-diffusion through dislocation cores.
A Novel Spectrofluorimetric Method for Vibegron in the Newly FDA Approved Pharmaceutical Formulation and in Human Plasma: Analytical QbD Strategy for Method Development and Optimization
Authors: Wadie Mina , Tantawy Mahmoud A. , Goda Zeinab M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractVibegron is a novel selective beta-3 adrenergic receptor agonist molecule, recently approved by US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in tablet pharmaceutical formulation for treating overactive bladder syndrome. Such formulation necessitates the development of a simple, fast and cost-effective methodology capable of assaying the drug in various real samples with high sensitivity. Herein, a facile and robust spectrofluorimetric method was introduced, for the first time, for vibegron quantification based on analytical quality-by-design approach. The method involves drug reaction with dansyl chloride at pH 9.8, as a smart approach to overcome the non-fluorescent nature of vibegron, giving a highly fluorescent yellow derivative measured at 514 nm after being excited at 345 nm. Plausible reaction scheme between the drug and dansyl chloride was elucidated through studying the differences in their infrared (IR) spectra. Variables affecting fluorescence intensities were carefully screened and rationally optimized via preliminary scouting studies and central composite design for accurate and robust results. Full International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) validation protocol was followed where linearity was achieved in range of 20.0–400.0 ng/mL with minimum detectability of 3.6 ng/mL. The proposed method expressed good capability in assaying the marketed dosage forms with no excipient inference. Finally, the high sensitivity of such method paved the way for extending its application to quantify vibegron in spiked human plasma at concentrations around its real human plasma concentrations for further bioavailability studies.
Activity-based measures of landscape fragmentation
Authors: Kerr Barbara , Remmel Tarmo K. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Context
Landscape fragmentation, which has demonstrated links to habitat loss, increased isolation, a loss of connectivity, and decreased biodiversity, is difficult to quantify. Traditional pattern-based approaches to measuring fragmentation use landscape metrics to quantify aspects of the composition or configuration of landscapes.

Objective
The objective of this study was to examine the relative improvements of an alternative activity-based approach using the cost of traversing a landscape as a proxy for fragmentation and compare it with the traditional approach.

Methods
One thousand binary landscapes varying in composition and configuration were simulated, and least-cost path analysis provided the data to calculate the activity-based metrics, which were compared with computed traditional pattern-based metrics.

Results
Activity-based fragmentation assessments were sensitive to levels of landscape fragmentation, but offered improvements over exiting pattern-based methods in that some metrics varied monotonically across the spectrum of landscape configurations and thus makes their interpretation more holistically meaningful.

Conclusions
This study provides a modular conceptual framework for assessing fragmentation using activity-based metrics that offer functional improvements over existing pattern-based approaches. While we present a focused theoretical implementation, the process to be measured and the scale of observation can be altered to suit specific user requirements, ecosystems, or species of interest.
Paternalistic Discrimination
Authors: Midtgaard Søren Flinch , Pedersen Viki Møller Lyngby 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSome policies are paternalistic and discriminatory at the same time (e.g., certain benevolent sexist policies). Such policies constitute an interesting, yet somewhat overlooked, category. We scrutinize what paternalistic discrimination is and account for its wrongness. First, we argue that paternalistic discrimination is pro tanto wrong because it is disrespectful. The disrespect consists in the selective negligence or denial of some people’s moral power over their own good. This applies even if the policies and actions in question benefit those interfered with. Second, we show that paternalistic discrimination gives rise to a dilemma in situations where different social groups face different risks. In such situations, a choice must be made between (i) protecting people equally and (ii) respecting people's moral power over their own good equally. Finally, we show that paternalistic discrimination in certain cases shows a lack of respect for the moral worth of the persons who are not the target of the policies.
ATP Restoration by ATP-Deprived Cultured Primary Astrocytes
Authors: Karger Gabriele , Willker Johanna Elisabeth , Harders Antonia Regina , Watermann Patrick , Dringen Ralf 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A high cellular concentration of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is essential to fuel many important functions of brain astrocytes. Although cellular ATP depletion has frequently been reported for astrocytes, little is known on the metabolic pathways that contribute to ATP restoration by ATP-depleted astrocytes. Incubation of cultured primary rat astrocytes in glucose-free buffer for 60 min with the mitochondrial uncoupler BAM15 lowered the cellular ATP content by around 70%, the total amount of adenosine phosphates by around 50% and the adenylate energy charge (AEC) from 0.9 to 0.6. Testing for ATP restoration after removal of the uncoupler revealed that the presence of glucose as exclusive substrate allowed the cells to restore within 6 h around 80% of the initial ATP content, while coapplication of adenosine plus glucose enabled the cells to fully restore their initial ATP content within 60 min. A rapid but incomplete and transient ATP restoration was found for astrocytes that had been exposed to adenosine alone. This restoration was completely prevented by application of the pyruvate uptake inhibitor UK5099, the respiratory chain inhibitor antimycin A or by the continuous presence of BAM15. However, the presence of these compounds strongly accelerated the release of lactate from the cells, suggesting that the ribose moiety of adenosine can serve as substrate to fuel some ATP restoration via mitochondrial metabolism. Finally, the adenosine-accelerated ATP restoration in glucose-fed astrocytes was inhibited by the presence of the adenosine kinase inhibitor ABT-702. These data demonstrate that astrocytes require for a rapid and complete ATP restoration the presence of both glucose as substrate and adenosine as AMP precursor.
Review of landslide inventories for Nepal between 2010 and 2021 reveals data gaps in global landslide hotspot
Authors: Harvey Erin L. , Kincey Mark E. , Rosser Nick J. , Gadtaula Arishma , Collins Ethan , Densmore Alexander L. , Dunant Alexandre , Oven Katie J. , Arrell Katherine , Basyal Gopi K. , Dhital Megh Raj , Robinson Tom R. , Van Wyk de Vries Maximillian , Paudyal Sarmila , Pujara Dammar S. , Shrestha Ram 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA review of landslide inventories provides an essential assessment of the state of knowledge around landslide hazard and can guide the focus of future studies. This is especially true in Nepal, which is highly prone to landslides, but lacks a comprehensive overview of landslide occurrence nationally. Here, we compile a database of 117 landslide inventories for Nepal released between 2010 and 2021. We review how these existing inventories shape our understanding of landsliding in Nepal and discuss how future research efforts could mitigate current challenges. We find that 40% of the country was only manually mapped once across the study period, and, crucially, these areas did not always correspond with areas of low landslide susceptibility. Instead, existing landslide inventories typically focus on specific areas, such as the region affected by the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake and major highway corridors. We also extrapolated the individual inventory characteristics from within this unique database to infer a national-scale areal density of 0.05 landslides per km2, equating to 6000 landslides across the country. This extrapolated value provides a baseline for future national-scale studies, especially for inventories created through automated mapping approaches. Our review highlights the importance of expanding the footprint of landslide inventories in Nepal to include regions with low mapping coverage and the need for inventories to be openly available, with clear protocols to enable inter-comparison. Whilst our review has focused on Nepal, these findings are likely to be relevant in other landslide-prone countries and our recommendations are intended to be applicable elsewhere.
Real-time DSP-Free 40 Gbit/s PAM4 transmission over 10 km fiber enabled by optical injection locking of directly modulated laser
Authors: Nazarikov Gleb , Rommel Simon , Tafur Monroy Idelfonso 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe present a comprehensive performance analysis of injection-locked directly modulated laser (DML) for optical communication systems, focusing on both non-return-to-zero (NRZ) and 4-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) signal transmission. We demonstrate real-time PAM4 40 Gbit/s transmission over 10 km of single-mode fiber enabled by optical injection locking without pre-emphasis or post-equalization, achieving a bit error rate (BER) below $${10^{-6}}$$

10

-
6

, and doubling capacity compared to unlocked transmission with the same laser. Our study investigates the dependence of system performance on the injected power and frequency offset of the master laser. Results indicate that lower injection powers while maintaining a stable locking regime, yield better performance in terms of extinction ratio and BER. Optimized parameters lead to enhanced transmission performance, providing valuable insights into the design and optimization of injection-locked DML systems for optical communication applications employing direct modulation.