bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community structure and functional traits of mollusks associated with coastal reef macroalgae in Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Ferreira Barbosa Débora , Lúcia Pereira Dias Thelma , de Faria Lopes Sérgio , Cristina de Souza Duarte Rafaela , Maria Duarte do Amaral Fernanda 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study investigated the community structure and functional traits of the mollusk fauna associated with macroalgae with different thallus morphologies in a reef environment in Northeastern Brazil. A total of 15 individuals of each species of macroalgae adhered to natural substrate and 15 individuals of Padina gymnospora detached from the substrate were collected. The structural complexity of algal habitats was measured and the associated malacofauna screened and identified. All three macroalgae differed significantly in the complexity of their habitat, with Sargassum polyceratium being the most complex. A total of 823 specimens of mollusks belonging to 22 species and 11 families were recorded, of which Columbellidae was the most represented with six species. The functional trait “size” revealed that micromollusks smaller than 10 millimeters were predominant in the community; however, individuals of larger sizes (up to 24.54 millimeters) belonging to young stages of other species were also present. Eight functional trophic groups were identified, of which “carnivorous” stood out with seven species. Six functional groups of microhabitats were identified, with intra‐specific variation in habitats, while habitat expansion was documented for species not yet recorded in association with macroalgae. The structure of the molluskan community differed among the three algae species with the greatest richness, abundance, and diversity of mollusks and functional traits occurring with S. polyceratium. Community structure differed between algae adhered to natural substrate and detached algae, with the latter having lower mollusk richness and diversity, but with greater abundance of some species that remained on algal fronds after release from the reef environment. This study reinforces the importance of algal habitat for marine invertebrate fauna, especially for micromollusks that spend their entire life cycle, or part of it, in association with macroalgae.
Urbanization reduces genetic connectivity in bobcats (Lynx rufus) at both intra– and interpopulation spatial scales
Authors: Kozakiewicz Christopher P. , Burridge Christopher P. , Funk W. Chris , Salerno Patricia E. , Trumbo Daryl R. , Gagne Roderick B. , Boydston Erin E. , Fisher Robert N. , Lyren Lisa M. , Jennings Megan K. , Riley Seth P. D. , Serieys Laurel E. K. , VandeWoude Sue , Crooks Kevin R. , Carver Scott 
Published: October 2019

AbstractUrbanization is a major factor driving habitat fragmentation and connectivity loss in wildlife. However, the impacts of urbanization on connectivity can vary among species and even populations due to differences in local landscape characteristics, and our ability to detect these relationships may depend on the spatial scale at which they are measured. Bobcats (Lynx rufus) are relatively sensitive to urbanization and the status of bobcat populations is an important indicator of connectivity in urban coastal southern California. We genotyped 271 bobcats at 13,520 SNP loci to conduct a replicated landscape resistance analysis in five genetically distinct populations. We tested urban and natural factors potentially influencing individual connectivity in each population separately, as well as study–wide. Overall, landscape genomic effects were most frequently detected at the study–wide spatial scale, with urban land cover (measured as impervious surface) having negative effects and topographic roughness having positive effects on gene flow. The negative effect of urban land cover on connectivity was also evident when populations were analyzed separately despite varying substantially in spatial area and the proportion of urban development, confirming a pervasive impact of urbanization largely independent of spatial scale. The effect of urban development was strongest in one population where stream habitat had been lost to development, suggesting that riparian corridors may help mitigate reduced connectivity in urbanizing areas. Our results demonstrate the importance of replicating landscape genetic analyses across populations and considering how landscape genetic effects may vary with spatial scale and local landscape structure.
The Aversion to Tampering with Nature (ATN) Scale: Individual Differences in (Dis)comfort with Altering the Natural World
Authors: Raimi Kaitlin T. , Wolske Kimberly S. , Hart P. Sol , Campbell‐Arvai Victoria 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPeople differ in their comfort with tampering with the natural world. Although some see altering nature as a sign of human progress, others see it as dangerous or hubristic. Across four studies, we investigate discomfort with tampering with the natural world. To do so, we develop the Aversion to Tampering with Nature (ATN) Scale, a short scale that is the first to directly measure this discomfort. We identify six activities that people believe tamper with nature (geoengineering, genetically modified organisms, pesticides, cloning, gene therapy, and nanoparticles) and show that ATN scores are associated with opposition to these activities. Furthermore, the ATN Scale predicts actual behavior: donations to an anti‐tampering cause. We demonstrate that ATN is related to previously identified constructs including trust in technology, naturalness bias, purity values, disgust sensitivity, aversion to playing God, and environmental beliefs and values. By illuminating who is concerned about tampering with nature and what predicts these beliefs, the ATN Scale provides opportunities to better understand public opposition to technological innovations, consumer preferences for “natural” products, and strategies for science communication.
Mergers and acquisitions & trade: A global value chain analysis
Authors: Carril‐Caccia Federico , Pavlova Elena 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe present paper deals with how the insertion in international trade and global value chains (GVCs) of countries affects their capacity of attracting foreign mergers and acquisitions (M&As). To this end, we combine data for bilateral M&As and trade in value added for the period 2001–15 and estimate an augmented gravity equation. Results indicate that trade openness per se does not favour M&As. Nevertheless, bilateral free trade agreements, heterogeneity of destinations (sources) for exports (imports) of intermediate and final goods, and position and participation in global value chains are relevant for explaining bilateral M&As. Moreover, their role is significantly different depending on the level of development of the home and host countries.
Shaw and Shal voltage‐gated potassium channels mediate circadian changes in Drosophila clock neuron excitability
Authors: Smith Philip , Buhl Edgar , Tsaneva‐Atanasova Krasimira , Hodge James J. L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAs in mammals, Drosophila circadian clock neurons display rhythms of activity with higher action potential firing rates and more positive resting membrane potentials during the day. This rhythmic excitability has been widely observed but, critically, its regulation remains unresolved. We have characterized and modelled the changes underlying these electrical activity rhythms in the lateral ventral clock neurons (LNvs). We show that currents mediated by the voltage‐gated potassium channels Shaw (Kv3) and Shal (Kv4) oscillate in a circadian manner. Disruption of these channels, by expression of dominant negative (DN) subunits, leads to changes in circadian locomotor activity and shortens lifespan. LNv whole‐cell recordings then show that changes in Shaw and Shal currents drive changes in action potential firing rate and that these rhythms are abolished when the circadian molecular clock is stopped. A whole‐cell biophysical model using Hodgkin‐Huxley equations can recapitulate these changes in electrical activity. Based on this model and by using dynamic clamp to manipulate clock neurons directly, we can rescue the pharmacological block of Shaw and Shal, restore the firing rhythm, and thus demonstrate the critical importance of Shaw and Shal. Together, these findings point to a key role for Shaw and Shal in controlling circadian firing of clock neurons and show that changes in clock neuron currents can account for this. Moreover, with dynamic clamp we can switch the LNvs between morning‐like and evening‐like states of electrical activity. We conclude that changes in Shaw and Shal underlie the daily oscillation in LNv firing rate.
Gradient Feature Extract for the Quantification of Complex Defects Using Topographic Primal Sketch in Magnetic Flux Leakage
Authors: Alimey Fred John , Yu Haichao , Bai Libing , Cheng Yuhua , Wang Yonggang 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Defect quantification is a very important aspect in nondestructive testing (NDT) as it helps in the analysis and prediction of a structure's integrity and lifespan. In this paper, we propose a gradient feature extraction for the quantification of complex defect using topographic primal sketch (TPS) in magnetic flux leakage (MFL) testing. This method uses four excitation patterns so as to obtain MFL images from experiment; a mean image is then produced, assuming it has 80–90% the properties of all four images. A gradient manipulation is then performed on the mean image using a novel least-squares minimization (LSM) approach, for which, pixels with large gradient values (considered as possible defect pixels) are extracted. These pixels are then mapped so as to get the actual defect geometry/shape within the sample. This map is now traced using a TPS for a precise quantification. Results have shown the ability of the method to extract and quantify defects with high precision given its perimeter, area, and depth. This significantly eliminates errors associated with output analysis as results can be clearly seen, interpreted, and understood.
Design and Development of the Cassino Biped Locomotor
Authors: Wang Mingfeng , Ceccarelli Marco , Carbone Giuseppe 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this work, the Cassino Biped Locomotor, a biped walking robot, is presented as the leg design by using reduced parallel mechanisms. The proposed biped locomotor consists of two identical tripod leg mechanisms with a three degree-of-freedom parallel manipulator architecture. Kinematics analysis is carried out in terms of the forward and inverse kinematics of one leg mechanism and inverse kinematics of the biped locomotor. The walking operation is discussed in detail with gait planning and trajectories of feet and waist. A CAD model is elaborated in solidworks® environment and the corresponding prototype is fabricated with low-cost user-oriented features by using commercial components and structural parts that are manufactured by using 3D printing. An experimental layout and corresponding test modes are illustrated for characterizing the walking operation performance. Experimental results are analyzed for an operation performance evaluation and architecture design characterization of the Cassino Biped Locomotor.
Predictions of the Mechanical Response of Sintered FGH96 Powder Compacts
Authors: Chavoshi Saeed Z. , Tagarielli Vito L. , Shi Zhusheng , Lin Jianguo , Wang Shuyun , Jiang Jiaying , Dear John P. , Nikbin Kamran 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper presents predictions of the mechanical response of sintered FGH96 Ni-based superalloy powder compacts at high temperatures, obtained by the analysis of 3D representative volume elements generated by both X-ray tomography and a virtual technique. The response of the material to a multi-axial state of stress/strain for porosities as large as 0.3 is explored, obtaining the yield surfaces and their evolution as well as scaling laws for both elastic and plastic properties. The two modeling approaches are found in good agreement. The sensitivity of the predictions to particle size, inter-particle friction, applied strain rate, and boundary conditions is also examined.
Analysis of Numerical Errors of the Hess Smith Panel Method With Asymmetric Meshes
Authors: Xu Chen , Ren Huilong , Zhou Xueqian , Sutulo Serge , Guedes Soares Carlos , Li Chenfeng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAlthough less accurate in comparison with most of the existing high-order panel methods, the Class Hess Smith panel method is still popular for potential flow calculations due to its simplicity, robustness, and especially efficiency. In the application where the method is adopted for the problems of concern, the method is usually first validated and analyzed for numerical accuracy prior to the application. This is a common practice as also seen in almost all the literature. However, the objects chosen for validation and accuracy analysis are often geometrically symmetric (most typically, spheres) and discretized into symmetric meshes. However, such analysis with symmetric meshes does not actually reveal the numerical errors as the body involved in the problem in concern or the flow around the body may not be symmetrical. In this paper, the numerical errors of the Hess Smith method are systematically analyzed with asymmetrical meshes. The values of various quantities associated with isolated panels and also the entire body are obtained and compared with the Hess Smith panel method does exhibit a very different error pattern.
The Efficacy of Tart Cherry Juice in Aiding Recovery After Intermittent Exercise
Authors: Quinlan Rebecca , Hill Jessica A. 
Published: October 2019

Purpose: To investigate the effects of supplementation with tart cherry juice (TCJ) on markers of recovery after intermittent exercise under habitual dietary conditions. Methods: Using a randomized, single-blind, placebo (PLA)-controlled, independent-groups design, 20 team-sport players (8 male and 12 female; age 26 [4] y, height 175.4 [9.6] cm, body mass 70.2 [12.6] kg) were divided equally into 2 groups and consumed either TCJ or PLA twice per day for 8 consecutive days while following their normal dietary habits. Participants completed an adapted version of the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (LIST) on day 6 of supplementation. Countermovement jump, 20-m sprint, maximal voluntary isometric contraction, and delayed onset muscle soreness were assessed at baseline and 1, 24, and 48 hours post-LIST. Blood markers of muscle damage (creatine kinase) and inflammation (C-reactive protein) were taken presupplementation, immediately pre-LIST, and 1, 24, and 48 hours post-LIST. Data were analyzed using a repeated-measures analysis of variance. Results: Countermovement jump, 20-m sprint, and maximal voluntary isometric contraction showed significantly faster recovery with TCJ (P < .05) at 24 and 48 hours post-LIST. A significant interaction effect (P < .05) was observed for muscle soreness; however, Bonferroni post hoc analysis could not identify when the significant differences between TCJ and PLA occurred. There were no significant differences throughout recovery between TCJ and PLA for C-reactive protein and creatine kinase (P < .05). Conclusion: The results suggest that TCJ, in addition to habitual diet, can accelerate recovery after intermittent exercise and therefore extend the efficacy of TCJ in accelerating recovery in team sports.
Serra Sul diamictite of the Carajás Basin (Brazil): A Paleoproterozoic glaciation on the Amazonian craton
Authors: Araújo Raphael , Nogueira Afonso 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper reports the discovery of glacial deposits of likely Siderian–Rhyacian age (2.58–2.06 Ga) in South America (Carajás Basin, Brazil), thereby expanding the potential reach of Paleoproterozoic glaciations to the Amazonian craton for the first time. Glacially derived diamictites are stacked within a hitherto unrecognized ∼600-m-thick siliciclastic succession, here named the Serra Sul Formation. Well-preserved textures, with evidence of glaciotectonism and ice rafting, indicate deposition in a coastal subglacial to glacial-fed submarine fan system, in which the immediately underlying units (banded iron formation and volcanic rock) were the main source and bedrock. The Serra Sul diamictite may be correlated with any of the known Paleoproterozoic glaciations, or with none of them.
Risks of psychosis in methamphetamine users: cross-sectional study in Thailand
Authors: Lamyai Warot , Pono Kitkawee , Indrakamhaeng Danai , Saengsin Apichat , Songhong Nartya , Khuwuthyakorn Panu , Sribanditmongkol Pongruk , Junkuy Anongphan , Srisurapanont Manit 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveTo determine factors related to recent methamphetamine-associated psychosis (MAP) among individuals recently using methamphetamine (MA).DesignCross-sectional study carried out between July 2015 and June 2017.SettingFour mental health hospitals and one substance abuse treatment centre in Thailand.ParticipantsIndividuals recruited onto the study included those aged 18 years or over, of both sexes, who reported MA use in the month prior to admission.MeasuresAny recent psychosis was confirmed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview-Plus psychotic module. The Timeline Follow Back was used to determine days of MA use. The severity of MA dependence was assessed using the Severity of Dependence Scale. Quantitative hair analysis was carried out to confirm recent use of MA and to measure the amount of MA use. We compared several characteristics between those who had recently experienced psychosis and those who had not.ResultsThis study included 120 participants without MAP and 113 participants with MAP. The mean age was 28 years and the mean abstinence was 17 days. The levels of MA concentration in hair were not significantly different between groups (p=0.115). Based on the final logistic regression model, the independent factors associated with MAP (OR and 95% CI) included being male (OR 4.03, 95% CI 1.59 to 10.20), ≥16 days of MA use in the past month (OR 2.35, 95% CI 1.22 to 4.52), MA dependence (OR 9.41, 95% CI 2.01 to 44.00) and hospitalisation history related to substance abuse (OR 3.85, 95% CI 2.03 to 7.28).ConclusionsHealth professionals should closely monitor the development of MAP in MA-dependent men who frequently use MA and have a history of hospitalisation for substance abuse. The measure of MA concentration levels in the hair may add no benefit for the prediction of the development of MAP.
Occupational class, capitalist class advantage and mortality among working-age men
Authors: Kokkinen Lauri , Muntaner Carles , Koskinen Aki , Väänänen Ari 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundDisparities in mortality have been firmly established across occupational grades and the incomes they earn, but this line of research has failed to include individuals’ relationships to capital, as suggested by class analysists.MethodsAccording to Wright’s classification, the research generated 10 mutually exclusive classes based on occupation and investment income: worker; capitalist worker; professional; capitalist professional; supervisor; capitalist supervisor; manager; capitalist manager; self-employed; and capitalist self-employed. The study participants (n=268 239) were randomly selected from the Statistics Finland population database and represent 33% of Finnish men aged 30–64 years. The mortality data were monitored over the 1995–2014 period.ResultsThe sociodemographic-adjusted HRs for mortality were lowest for capitalist managers (HR 0.50; 95% CI 0.36 to 0.69) as compared with that for workers without a capitalist class advantage. A positive occupational class gradient was found from managers to supervisors to workers. The capitalist class advantage independently affected the disparities in mortality within this occupational hierarchy.ConclusionDifferent occupational class locations protect against premature death differently, and the capitalist class advantage widens the premature-death disparities among the occupational classes. To monitor and explain social inequalities in health in a more nuanced way, future research on investment income as well as the operationalisation of the capitalist class advantage is encouraged.
Charged radiating stars with Lie symmetries
Authors: Abebe G. Z. , Maharaj S. D. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We consider the general model of an accelerating, expanding and shearing radiating star in the presence of charge. Using a new set of variables arising from the Lie symmetries of differential equations we transform the boundary equation into ordinary differential equations. We present several new exact models for a charged gravitating sphere. A particular family of solution may be interpreted as a generalised Euclidean star in the presence of the electromagnetic field. This family admits a linear barotropic equation of state. In the uncharged limit, we regain general relativistic stellar models where proper and areal radii are equal, and its generalisations. Our group theoretical approach selects the physically important cases of Euclidean stars and equations of state.
X(3872) as virtual companion pole of the charm–anticharm state χc1(2P)
Authors: Giacosa Francesco , Piotrowska Milena , Coito Susana 
Published: October 2019

We study the spectral function of the axial-vector charmonium state [Formula: see text] coupled to [Formula: see text] mesons, by employing a quantum field theoretical approach: a pronounced enhancement close to the [Formula: see text] threshold, to be identified with the [Formula: see text], emerges. In the complex plane we find two poles: a pole for the broad seed state [Formula: see text], and — in the easiest scenario — a virtual pole for the [Formula: see text]. Thus, our approach describes both the seed state and the dynamically generated [Formula: see text] simultaneously. In particular, it explains the most prominent, both molecular-like and quarkonium-like, features of the [Formula: see text]: its very small width (the decay into [Formula: see text] is predicted to be about 0.5 MeV), the enhanced radiative decay into [Formula: see text] with respect to [Formula: see text], and the isospin breaking decay into [Formula: see text] (thanks to [Formula: see text] loops mediating this decay channel). At the same time, we aim to determine the pole position and the properties of the charmonium seed state: quite interestingly, even if a pole is always present, it is possible that there is no peak corresponding to this state in the spectral function, thus potentially explaining why the corresponding resonance could not yet be seen in experiments.