bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Withania somnifera promotes stress resistant activity in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Renuka Prasad B.P. , Ashadevi J.S. 
Published: January 2019

Stress is a state of mental or emotional strain of an individual. In recent years nutritional antioxidants study have gain more attention in minimizing the stress like oxidative stress. The stress resistant ability in an organism can be increased by the supplementation of herbal resources. However, few plant extracts are known to have stress resistant ability and increases the tolerance capacity. Plants containing high antioxidant and other bioactive compounds promote tolerance capacity. An antioxidant rich plant has been proved to decreases the lipid peroxidation. Here, we investigated the potential protective effect of ethanolic extract of Withania somnifera (WS), against Paraquat toxicity on stress tolerance capacity using Drosophila melanogaster. Wild-type fruit flies of Oregon-K strain were fed with standard food media with 1mg/ml and 10 mg/ml of WS. The oxidative stress was induced by exposing the extract supplemented flies to Paraquat (20 mM). The stress tolerance capacity of flies was measured by subjecting to desiccation and oxidative stresses. Further, locomotor activity, lipid peroxidation were also studied along with the quantification of triglycerides, glycogen in WS fed flies under stress conditions. Our result reveals that PQ induced WS fed flies showed greater survivability, better locomotor ability when compared to PQ induced flies.WS fed flies increases about 73.55% of resistance ability under oxidative conditions and increased by 59.15% under desiccation than PQ induced flies. WS was more effective in protecting against Paraquat toxicity. The flies fed with high dose of WS (10mg/ml) showed greater improvement of the tolerance ability when subjected to desiccation and oxidative stresses. Further, the data on biochemical analysis reveals that lipid peroxidation activities were found to be significantly low and the triglyceride as well as glycogen quantities were found to be significantly high in WS fed flies compare to –ve control under both desiccation and oxidative stress conditions. Together, these findings suggest that WS promotes stress resistant ability by modulating metabolism and reducing oxidative damage.
Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster, Withania somnifera, Oxidative stress assay, Desiccation Assay, Negative Geotaxis,
Phytochemical analysis of methanolic extract of Ulva rigida C.Ag. collected from Koothankuzhi Coast, Tirunelveli district, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Muthu Sheeba M. , Peter Paul J. John , Iniya Udhaya C. 
Published: January 2019

The present study was concentrated to explore the phytochemicals present in the methanolic extract of Ulva rigida C.Ag., collected from Koothankuzhi in the south east coast of Tamil Nadu, India. The phytochemical analysis of methanolic extract was screened using the standard procedure for UV-Visible spectroscopic, HPLC and FTIR. The UV-Visible spectrum showed the compounds separated at the nm of 662, 603, 533 and 400 with the absorption 0.653, 0.331, 0.458 and 2.684 respectively. The qualitative HPLC fingerprint profile displayed fourteen compounds at different retention time of 1.770min, 2.230min, 2.540min, 2.870min, 3.090min, 3.377min, 3.900min, 4.257min, 4.797min, 5.340min, 5.853min, 6.520min, 7.730min and 9.220min. The result of FTIR analysis was found the presence of functional groups such as alkynes, sulfonic acids, carboxylic acids, carboxylic acid salt, aldehydes, aliphatic and unsaturated hydrocarbons.
Keywords: Ulva rigida, UV-Visible, HPLC, FTIR
Evaluation of antihyperlipidemic activity of ethanolic root extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn.
Authors: Tyagi Priya , Sharma Satish Kumar , Kumar Pawan 
Published: January 2019

Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn. is an Indian medicinal plant demonstrated to exert multiple health cures. This plant grows naturally in tropical, subtropical and temperate regions. It is traditionally used as anti-acne, anti-arthritic, anti-convulsant, anti-diabetic, anti-microbial, anti inflammatory, wound healing, anti-oxidant, anti-platelet, anti-stress and nootropic, anti-viral, diuretic and gastroprotective. The antihyperlipidemic effect of ethanolic root extracts of Glycyrrhizaglabrawas studied in wistar rats using High Fat Diet (FD) induced hyperlipidemic model, at the doses of 400 mg/kg body weight. The efficacy of extract was compared with standard drug simvastatin. The ethanolic extracts, significantly decreased the serum lipid profile level in a dose dependent manner in wistar rats. Ethanolic extracts at 400 mg/kg have shown significant antihyperlipidemic action. These results support the fact that this plant is used traditionally as antihyperlipidemic. The study will help in exploring new plant source as an antihyperlipiedemic agent which can minimize the risk and side effects as compared to that of conventional medicine.
Keywords: Glycyrrhizaglabra, Antihyperlipidemic Activity, Simvastatin, High Fat Diet (FD) induced hyperlipidemic model.
Ethnobotanical uses and pharmacological activities of Argyreia cuneata (Willd.) Ker Gawl. (Convolvulaceae) – A review.
Authors: Prashith Kekuda T.R. , Vinayaka K.S. 
Published: January 2019

Argyreia cuneata (Willd.) Ker Gawl. is a sub-erect silky shrub and belongs to the family Convolvulaceae. An updated information on ethnobotanical uses and pharmacological activities of A. cuneata is presented in this review. The plant finds traditional uses as a remedy for human and veterinary ailments. The plant is used to treat diabetes, helminthic infections, skin cuts, to initiate labor pain and to ease delivery. As an ethnoveterinary practice, the plant is used against retention of fetal membrane, anorexia and swelling of throat. The plant is reported to contain phytochemicals such as alkaloids and flavonoids. The plant is shown to exhibit some pharmacological activities viz. analgesic, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, wound healing, antipyretic, anthelmintic and antidiabetic activities.
Keywords: Argyreia cuneata (Willd.) Ker Gawl., Ethnobotanical, Traditional uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacological activities
Qualitative and quantitative determination of phytochemicals from flowers of Spanish Cherry tree
Authors: Singh Vineeta , Rao Anita , Pandey Shipra , Pandey Vaibhav Sharan , Vageshwari Vageshwari , Tiwari Neha , Pandey V. N. 
Published: January 2019

The present enquiry was intended to analyze the phytochemicals qualitatively and quantitatively from flowers of Spanish cherry tree. Flower powder was extracted using polar and nonpolar solvent by soxhlet apparatus. Percentage yield of crude extracts was determined and further the extracts were subjected to analyze the phytochemicals qualitatively and quantitatively by standard procedure. Qualitative analysis showed the absence of alkaloids while presences of tannins, saponins, terpenoids, steroids, glycosides, flavonoids, phenols. Quantitative estimation of phytochemicals was determined using standard curve. Result revealed that the tannin content was 4.3±0.01 (mgTAE /gm), flavanols content was 0.28±0.05 (mgQE/gm). Saponins content was 3.6±0.7 % and terpenoids content was 1.47±0.37 %. A well conducted studies on phytochemicals revealed that they are vital for humans because they provide protection against a variety of ailments. Therefore, the present study is aimed to analyze phytochemicals qualitatively and quantitatively.
Keywords: Phytochemicals, Tannins, Saponins, Flavanols, Terpenoids
Formulation and evaluation of polymeric nanoparticles of an antihypetensive drug labetalol
Authors: Betala Surendranath , Varma M. Mohan , Abbulu K. 
Published: January 2019

Labetalol is an adrenergic receptor blocking agent used in the treatment of hypertension and characterized by high solubility and high permeability which corresponds to BCS class I drug. Plasma half life ranges from 6 & bioavailability is 25%. Ethyl cellulose was used as a rate controlling polymer. Effects of addition of ethyl cellulose on in vitro dissolution were studied. Nanoparticles were formulated using different polymer ratios. In vitro drug release was carried out by using USP Type II at 50 rpm in 900 ml of acidic dissolution medium (pH 1.2) for 2 hours, followed by 900 ml alkaline dissolution medium (pH7.4) for 12 hours. Mean dissolution time is used to characterize drug release rate from a dosage form. Several kinetic models were applied to the dissolution profiles to determine the drug release kinetics. Excipients are selected by FTIR studies. Finally the nanoparticles were evaluated for various characteristics like encapsulation efficiency, percentage yield, partial size and the In vitro release for 12 hrs. The nanoparticles were found to be discrete, spherical, and free-flowing. The nanoparticles were uniform in size, and the microencapsulation efficiency was in the range of 52.5-81.7%. The surface morphology of prepared Labetalol nanoparticles was observed under scanning electron Microscopy. Nanoparticles had good spherical geometry. The stability study was performed at 40ºC ± 2ºC and 75 ± 5% RH for 6 months.
Keywords: Nanoparticles; Labetalol, Hypertension, Ethyl Cellulose, Dissolution, entrapment efficiency.
In-Silico evaluation of Anti-Leishmanial compounds of selected pharmacophore
Authors: Rana Sindhuprava , Sivaperumal R 
Published: January 2019

In this study, out of sixteen compounds, only thirteen compounds have shown hydrogen bonding with the modeled cathepsin B protein of L donovani, remaining compound (C1D13416238, Posaconazole. and CID 6082033) did not show any hydrogen bonding with ligands. So, these 13 compounds which show hydrogen bonding with modeled protein could be considered as most potent lead compounds having inhibitory activity at either promastigote stage or amastigote stage of Leishmania donovani. Few compounds demonstrated better docking score to either AutoDock4.0 or GOLD v2.l but some compound did not show any hydrogen bonding with modeled protein in either docking software tool. Thus, it could be concluded that generated experimental compounds could have potential as pharmacological tool against Visceral Leishmaniasis.
Keywords: Cysteine Protease, Vinyl Hydrazide, Antileishmanial Drugs, Licochalcone, Visceral Leishmaniasis.
Efficacy of Vaitarana Basti with respective to Ayurveda
Authors: Mukherjee Amit 
Published: January 2019

Vaitarana means a river which can bring back dead to live, Vaitarana Basti has described as a Shodhana Basti. Vaitarana Basti is classified by Acharya Vangasena and Acharya Chakradutta of its different combination. Vaitarana Basti mainly indicated in Amavasthajanya Vikara and Vata-Kapha Pradoshaja Vikara. Vaitarana Basti is best modality in the condition of Ama and Leena Dosha for Shodhana and Dosha Nirharana. Vaitarana Basti helps in the removal of Ama-Shula-Shotha Avastha and Kaphavarana.
Keywords: Vaitarana Basti, Shodhana Basti, Acharya Vangasena, Acharya Chakradutta
Anti-inflammatory activity and phytochemical analysis of Moringa oleifera ethanol and acetone leaves extract
Authors: Padmalochana K 
Published: January 2019

This present investigation stated that acetone and ethanol extract of M,oleifera leaves was estimated that presence of phytochemical constituents by biochemical test and evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity. The anti-inflammation activity was assessed by calculating inhibition of protein denaturation, proteinase activity and membrane stabilization activity at different concentration of extract. The plant extract highly protective activity against heat induced protein denaturation and the IC50 results values 271.25±2.74 and 304.25±2.33μg/ml, for acetone and ethanol extract respectively. Heat induced haemolysis was 50% inhibited for acetone and ethanol extract at the concentration of 271.43±0.73 and 322.10±1.34 μg/ml, respectively. The membrane stabilization activity (IC50) was assessed by hypotonicity induced haemolysis at a concentration of 216.98±1.84 and 259.65±1.83μg/ml for acetone and ethanol extract, respectively. The results obtained in the present study indicate that ethanol extracts of M.oleifera leaves can be a potential source of anti-inflammatory agents compared than acetone extract and standard drug.
Keywords: Antinflammatory, plant extract, phytochemicals
Role of Basti Karma towards the management of Madhumeha: an Ayurveda perspective
Authors: Nigam Pankaj , Dwivedi Om Prakash , Jain Jinesh , Khuje Sanjeev M. 
Published: January 2019

Ayurveda the Indian medical system mentioned Madhumeha as imbalance of the Doshas; Vata, Pitta and Kapha. Madhumeha correlated with diabetes as per modern medical science characterized by hyperglycemia and disturbance of water and electrolyte homeostasis. In Ayurveda (Brihatrayi) it is considered as Ashta mahagada as difficult to cure. It is also relates with life-style related metabolic disorder since consumption of junk foods, day time sleep, lack of exercises and sedentary habits may precipitate symptoms of diabetes. Now a day’s Madhumeha has become very common pathological condition affecting more than 20% of world population. Madhumeha may be managed by good conduction of Ahara-Vihara, Yoga, Sodhana karma and use of various ayurveda formulations, however recently Panchakarma has gain great attention towards the management of Madhumeha since some specific modalities of Panchakarma effectively removes vitiated Doshas and Vasti Karma is one of them. Considering this aspect present article summarized ayurveda perspective of Basti Karma towards the management of Madhumeha.
Keywords: Ayurveda, Diabetes, Madhumeha, Panchakarma, Basti Karma.
Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Activity of Iris kashmiriana and Iris ensata Extracts against Selected Microorganisms
Authors: Wagay Javeed Iqbal , Jain Kirti 
Published: January 2019

Infectious diseases are the second leading cause for worldwide death. Treatment of infections continues to be difficult in modern time because of the severe side effects of some drugs and the growing resistance to antibacterial agents. Over the past few decades the use of antibiotics is under threat as many commonly used antibiotics have become less effective against certain illnesses due to emergence of multi drug-resistant bacteria. In the present study the effects of 3 types of solvents, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol were investigated to determine the presence of various phytochemical constituent, total phenolic content, total flavonoids content and in vitro antimicrobial activity from rhizomes of Iris kashmiriana (Kashmir Iris) and Iris ensata (Japanese Iris), belong to family Iridaceae. The reason for selecting in vitro method was to minimize the usage of experimental animals. The antimicrobial activity of chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol extract of rhizomes of Iris kashmiriana and Iris ensata were evaluated on bacterial strains of Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas auregenosa, Proteus vulgaris and Eschirichia coli and fungal strains of Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger by agar well diffusion method. The preliminary phytochemical studies and quantitative analysis of alkaloids, phenol and flavonoids were performed by well reported method. These extracts were further subjected to TLC (Thin layer chromatography analysis). The chemical contents of the Iris kashmiriana and Iris ensata were presented as total phenolic content and total flavonoids content. Phytochemical screening of the extract showed the presence of some common compounds like phenols, terpenoids, flavonoids, carbohydrate etc. The antimicrobial potential of the plant extract was evaluated against different bacterial species which shows significant inhibitory action against all the tested bacterial and fungal strain. Methanolic extract was found to be more active than chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts. It reveals that the methanol soluble components of the plant are highly active against the above mentioned microorganism.
Keywords: Iris kashmiriana, Iris ensata, Phytochemical constituent, Total phenolic content, Total flavonoids content, In vitro antimicrobial activity
Ayurveda Kayachikitsa towards the management of joint pain: a review
Authors: Nautiyal Manish , Chouchan Bhupendra Singh , Rajput Surendra Singh , Singh A. K. 
Published: January 2019

Joint pain is one of the very common problems amongst the elderly age population. Clinically it is characterized by shula, shotha and prasaarana-aakunchanayo pravruttischa vedana. Ayurveda described various treatment modalities for the management of joint pain such as; snehana, swedan, upanaha, lepa and herbal medicine. Kayachikitsa is branch which deal with use of ayurveda drugs for the management of various diseases. This branch also recommended use of different natural medicine for the treatment of joint pain. Guggulu (Comiphora mukul) is most common drug used in Amavata; disease of joint pain. Similarly various herbal formulation of Ashwagandha, Rasna, Sunthi, Pippali, Gokshura and Trivrut are also recommended in diseases of joint pain. Present article summarized role of herbal medicine in joint pain.
Keywords: Ayurveda, Kayachikitsa, Joint Pain, Shula, Vedana.
A study to assess knowledge regarding fatty liver among bank employees working in selected banks at Mangaluru
Authors: Hafeez Reziya , Rodrigues Devina E 
Published: January 2019

Background: Fatty liver is closely associated with lifestyle. The bank employees have been often witnessed having junk food, coming home late and not engaged in any physical activity. Hence, an attempt has been made by the investigator to assess the knowledge of bank employees regarding fatty liver condition so that an educational intervention will be planned to motivate them for remaining physically active and healthy. Objectives: The descriptive study assessed the knowledge regarding fatty liver among bank employees. Materials and Methods: The 109 subjects were selected by convenience sampling technique. The knowledge questionnaire having 24 items and baseline Performa having 12 items were given for the subjects to place their responses. Results: The mean percentage of 50 revealed in present study showed that subjects were with inadequate knowledge regarding fatty liver condition. There was a significant association between knowledge of bank employees regarding fatty liver and age (χ2 = 28.31, p = 0.001),, religion (χ2 = 178.37, p = 0.001),, type of family (χ2 = 34.13, p = 0.01),, designation (χ2 = 48.02, p = 0.001),, job experience (χ2 = 25.64, p = 0.001),, qualification (χ2 = 10.46, p = 0.001),, food from restaurant (χ2 = 70.56, p = 0.001), and BMI of the subjects (χ2 = 73.04, p = 0.001). Conclusion: From the findings it can be inferred that more the years of job experience, more the chances of getting fatty liver. IEC activities can play a great role to improve the knowledge of bank employees regarding fatty liver condition.
Keywords: Knowledge, fatty liver and bank employees.
Ethosome: a novel vesicular carrier for transdermal drug delivery
Authors: Zahid Saquib Raza , Upmanyu Neeraj , Dangi Surendra , Ray Sudhir Kumar , Jain Prabhat , Parkhe Geeta 
Published: January 2019

Delivery across skin is striking due to its easy convenience. However, drug delivery across skin is still a confront in biomedical sciences. Over the past few decades, various successful narrative devices and techniques have emerged to optimize drug delivery across skin whose barricading behaviour constricts entry of most of the therapeutic agents. Ethosomes are non-invasive delivery transporter that enables drugs to reach the deep skin layers and/or the systemic circulation. Although ethosomal systems are theoretically sophisticated, they are characterized by simplicity in their preparation, efficacy and safety. A combination that can highly inflate their application. Ethosomes are soft, malleable vesicles adapted for enhanced delivery of active agents. This article reviews work carried out method of preparation, application and characterization of ethosomal systems. Because of their exceptional structure, ethosomes are able to encapsulate and deliver through the skin highly lipophilic molecules such as testosterone, cannabinoids and minoxidil as well as cationic drugs such as trihexyphenidil and propranolol. Results obtained in a double-blind two-armed randomized clinical study showed that treatment with the ethosomal acyclovir formulation appreciably improved all the evaluated parameters. In further work, the ethosomal expertise was broadened to introduce agents into cultured cells and microorganisms. Enhanced delivery of bioactive molecules through the skin and cellular membranes by means of an ethosomal transporter opens numerous confronts and prospects for the research and future development of novel improved therapies.
Keywords: Ethosomes, Skin layers, Characterization
Noisomes: as novel vesicular drug delivery system
Authors: Ray Sudhir Kumar , Bano Nargish , Shukla Tripti , Upmanyu Neeraj , Pandey Sharad P. , Parkhe Geeta 
Published: January 2019

Target-specific drug-delivery systems for the administration of pharmaceutical compounds enable the localization of drugs to target sites within the body. The basic component of drug delivery systems is an appropriate carrier that protects the drug from rapid degradation or clearance and thereby enhances drug concentration in target tissues. Niosome are microscopic non-ionic surfactant bilayer vesicles obtained on hydration of synthetic nonionic surfactants, with or without incorporation of cholesterol or their lipids. The amphiphilic nature of niosomes promotes their efficiency in encapsulating lipophilic or hydrophilic drugs. Noisome are promising vehicle for drug delivery and being non-ionic, more stable, inexpensive, biodegradable, biocompatible, non immunogenic and exhibit flexibility in their structural characterization. Various additives in niosomes include nonionic surfactant as film forming agent, cholesterol as stabilizing and rigidizing agent for the bilayer and various charge inducers which develop a charge on the surface of niosomes and stabilize the prepared formulation by the resulting repulsive forces. Niosomes have been widely evaluated for controlled release and targeted delivery for the treatment of cancer, viral infections, microbial diseases, psoriasis, leishmaniasis, migraine, parkinson and other diseases. Niosomes can prolong the circulation of the entrapped drug in body. Encapsulation of drug in vesicular system can be predicted to prolong the existence of drug in the systemic circulation and enhance penetration into target tissue, perhaps reduce toxicity if selective uptake can be achieved. In addition to conventional, oral and parenteral routes, they are amenable to be delivered by ocular, transdermal, vaginal and inhalation routes. Delivery of biotechnological products including vaccine delivery with niosomes is also an interesting and promising research area. More concerted research efforts, however, are still required to realize the full potential of these novel systems. This review article focuses on the concept of niosomes, advantages and disadvantages, composition, method of preparation, separation of unentrapped drug, factors influencing the niosomal formulation and characterization, marketed formulations of niosomes and also gives up to date information regarding recent applications of niosomes in drug delivery.
Keyword: Drug-delivery system, Niosomes,