bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trilobite compound eyes with crystalline cones and rhabdoms show mandibulate affinities
Authors: Scholtz Gerhard , Staude Andreas , Dunlop Jason A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMost knowledge about the structure, function, and evolution of early compound eyes is based on investigations in trilobites. However, these studies dealt mainly with the cuticular lenses and little was known about internal anatomy. Only recently some data on crystalline cones and retinula cells were reported for a Cambrian trilobite species. Here, we describe internal eye structures of two other trilobite genera. The Ordovician Asaphus sp. reveals preserved crystalline cones situated underneath the cuticular lenses. The same is true for the Devonian species Archegonus (Waribole) warsteinensis, which in addition shows the fine structure of the rhabdom in the retinula cells. These results suggest that an apposition eye with a crystalline cone is ancestral for Trilobita. The overall similarity of trilobite eyes to those of myriapods, crustaceans, and hexapods corroborates views of a phylogenetic position of trilobites in the stem lineage of Mandibulata.
Polymorph selection towards photocatalytic gaseous CO2 hydrogenation
Authors: Yan Tingjiang , Wang Lu , Liang Yan , Makaremi Meysam , Wood Thomas E. , Dai Ying , Huang Baibiao , Ali Feysal M. , Dong Yuchan , Ozin Geoffrey A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTitanium dioxide is the only known material that can enable gas-phase CO2 photocatalysis in its anatase and rutile polymorphic forms. Materials engineering of polymorphism provides a useful strategy for optimizing the performance metrics of a photocatalyst. In this paper, it is shown that the less well known rhombohedral polymorph of indium sesquioxide, like its well-documented cubic polymorph, is a CO2 hydrogenation photocatalyst for the production of CH3OH and CO. Significantly, the rhombohedral polymorph exhibits higher activity, superior stability and improved selectivity towards CH3OH over CO. These gains in catalyst performance originate in the enhanced acidity and basicity of surface frustrated Lewis pairs in the rhombohedral form.
Full-field structured-illumination super-resolution X-ray transmission microscopy
Authors: Günther Benedikt , Hehn Lorenz , Jud Christoph , Hipp Alexander , Dierolf Martin , Pfeiffer Franz 
Published: June 2019

AbstractModern transmission X-ray microscopy techniques provide very high resolution at low and medium X-ray energies, but suffer from a limited field-of-view. If sub-micrometre resolution is desired, their field-of-view is typically limited to less than one millimetre. Although the field-of-view increases through combining multiple images from adjacent regions of the specimen, so does the required data acquisition time. Here, we present a method for fast full-field super-resolution transmission microscopy by structured illumination of the specimen. This technique is well-suited even for hard X-ray energies above 30 keV, where efficient optics are hard to obtain. Accordingly, investigation of optically thick specimen becomes possible with our method combining a wide field-of-view spanning multiple millimetres, or even centimetres, with sub-micron resolution and hard X-ray energies.
Chirality invertible superstructure mediated active planar optics
Authors: Chen Peng , Ma Ling-Ling , Hu Wei , Shen Zhi-Xiong , Bisoyi Hari Krishna , Wu Sai-Bo , Ge Shi-Jun , Li Quan , Lu Yan-Qing 
Published: June 2019

AbstractActive planar optical devices that can dynamically manipulate light are highly sought after in modern optics and nanophotonics. The geometric phase derived from the photonic spin-orbit interaction provides an integrated strategy. Corresponding elements usually suffer from static functions. Here, we introduce an inhomogeneously self-organized anisotropic medium featured by photo-invertible chiral superstructure to realize geometric phase elements with continuously tunable working spectrum and light-flipped phase profile. Via preprograming the alignment of a cholesteric liquid crystal mixed with a photo-responsive chiral dopant, we demonstrate light-activated deflector, lens, Airy beam and optical vortex generators. Their polychromatic working bands are reversibly tuned in an ultra-broadband over 1000 nm covering green to telecomm region. The chirality inversion triggers facile switching of functionalities, such as beam steering, focusing/defocusing and spin-to-orbital angular momentum conversion. This work offers a platform for advanced adaptive and multifunctional flat optics with merits of high compactness, low loss and broad bandwidth.
Correlations as a resource in quantum thermodynamics
Authors: Sapienza Facundo , Cerisola Federico , Roncaglia Augusto J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe presence of correlations in physical systems can be a valuable resource for many quantum information tasks. They are also relevant in thermodynamic transformations, and their creation is usually associated to some energetic cost. In this work, we study the role of correlations in the thermodynamic process of state formation in the single-shot regime, and find that correlations can also be viewed as a resource. First, we show that the energetic cost of creating multiple copies of a given state can be reduced by allowing correlations in the final state. We obtain the minimum cost for every finite number of subsystems, and then we show that this feature is not restricted to the case of copies. More generally, we demonstrate that in the asymptotic limit, by allowing a logarithmic amount of correlations, we can recover standard results where the free energy quantifies this minimum cost.
YSTAFDB, a unified database of material stocks and flows for sustainability science
Authors: Myers Rupert J. , Reck Barbara K. , Graedel T. E. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe present the Yale Stocks and Flows Database (YSTAFDB), which comprises most of the material stocks and flows (STAF) data generated at the Center for Industrial Ecology at Yale University since the early 2000s. These data describe material cycles, criticality, and recycling in terms of 62 elements and various engineering materials, e.g., steel, on spatial scales and timeframes ranging from cities to global and the 1800s to ca. 2013. YSTAFDB integrates this diverse collection of STAF data, previously scattered across various non-uniformly formatted electronic files, into a single data structure and file format. Here, we discuss this data structure as well as the usage and formatting of data records in YSTAFDB. YSTAFDB contains 100,000+ data records that are all situated in their systems contexts, with additional metadata included as available. YSTAFDB offers a comprehensive basis upon which STAF data can be accumulated, integrated, and exchanged, and thereby improves their accessibility. Therefore, YSTAFDB facilitates deeper understanding of sustainable materials use and management, which are key goals of contemporary sustainability science.
The pre-hatching bovine embryo transforms the uterine luminal metabolite composition in vivo
Authors: Sponchiado Mariana , Gonella-Diaza Angela M. , Rocha Cecília C. , Turco Edson G. Lo , Pugliesi Guilherme , Leroy Jo L. M. R. , Binelli Mario 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn cattle, conceptus development after elongation relies on well-characterized, paracrine interactions with the hosting maternal reproductive tract. However, it was unrecognized previously that the pre-hatching, pre-implantation bovine embryo also engages in biochemical signalling with the maternal uterus. Our recent work showed that the embryo modified the endometrial transcriptome in vivo. Here, we hypothesized that the embryo modulates the biochemical composition of the uterine luminal fluid (ULF) in the most cranial portion of the uterine horn ipsilateral to the corpus luteum. Endometrial samples and ULF were collected post-mortem from sham-inseminated cows and from cows inseminated and detected pregnant 7 days after oestrus. We used quantitative mass spectrometry to demonstrate that the pre-hatching embryo changes ULF composition in vivo. Embryo-induced modulation included an increase in concentrations of lipoxygenase-derived metabolites [12(S)-HETE, 15(S)-HETE] and a decrease in the concentrations of amino acids (glycine), biogenic amines (sarcosine), acylcarnitines and phospholipids. The changed composition of the ULF could be due to secretion or depletion of specific molecules, executed by either the embryo or the endometrium, but initiated by signals coming from the embryo. This study provides the basis for further understanding embryo-initiated modulation of the uterine milieu. Early embryonic signalling may be necessary to guarantee optimal development and successful establishment of pregnancy in cattle.
Nectar robbing in bellflower (Sesamum radiatum) benefited pollinators but unaffected maternal function of plant reproduction
Authors: Varma Sangeetha , Sinu Palatty Allesh 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNectar robbing – foraging nectar illegitimately – has negative, neutral, or positive effects on maternal function of plant reproduction and/or on pollinators. It has been suggested that nectar robbing has a non-negative effect on maternal function of plant reproduction in autogamous and mixed breeding plants; however this hypothesis requires deeper understanding with more studies. We investigated the impact of natural nectar robbing on maternal function of plant reproduction and visitation characteristics of pollinators in Sesamum radiatum, an autogamous plant. Pollinators were observed on unrobbed open flowers and robbed open flowers. In robbed flowers, pollinators’ visit type and foraging time were examined. The seed sets of these flower types were examined. Xylocopa latipes was both a primary robber and a legitimate pollinator, X. bryorum was an exclusive primary robber, and Megachile disjuncta was a cosmopolitan pollinator. In robbed flowers, most of the pollinators foraged mostly as secondary nectar robbers. The foraging time shortened considerably when pollinators robbed nectar – a positive effect on pollinators’ foraging efficiency. Robbing did not negatively affect seed set – a neutral effect on the plant’s reproduction. Our study agrees that nectar robbing might have a non-negative effect on reproduction in autogamous and mixed breeding plants.
Fast and reliable advanced two-step pore-size analysis of biomimetic 3D extracellular matrix scaffolds
Authors: Fischer Tony , Hayn Alexander , Mierke Claudia Tanja 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe tissue microenvironment is a major contributor to cellular functions, such as cell adhesion, migration and invasion. A critical physical parameter for determining the effect of the microenvironment on cellular functions is the average pore-size of filamentous scaffolds, such as 3D collagen fiber matrices, which are assembled by the polymerization of biopolymers. The scaffolds of these matrices can be analyzed easily by using state-of-the-art laser scanning confocal imaging. However, the generation of a quantitative estimate of the pore-size in a 3D microenvironment is not trivial. In this study, we present a reliable and fast analytical method, which relies on a two-step 3D pore-size analysis utilizing several state-of-the-art image analysis methods, such as total variation (TV) denoising and adaptive local thresholds, and another crucial parameter, such as pore-coverage. We propose an iterative approach of pore-size analysis to determine even the smallest and obscure pores in a collagen scaffold. Additionally, we propose a novel parameter, the pseudo-pore-size, which describes a virtual scaffold porosity. In order to validate the advanced two-step pore-size analysis different types of artificial collagens, such as a rat and bovine mixture with two different collagen concentrations have been utilized. Additionally, we compare a traditional approach with our method using an artificially generated network with predefined pore-size distributions. Indeed, our analytical method provides a precise, fast and parameter-free, user-independent and automatic analysis of 3D pore topology, such as pore-sizes and pore-coverage. Additionally, we are able to determine non-physiological network topologies by taking the pore-coverage as a goodness-of-fit parameter.
Comprehensive optimisation and comparison of multiphase receiver for dynamic wireless charging system
Authors: Wang Zhiyuan , Cui Shumei , Song Beibei , Han Shouliang , Zhu Chunbo 
Published: June 2019

Different configurations of multiphase receiver for 20 kW/20 kHz dynamic wireless charging (DWC) system are comprehensive compared based on multi‐objective (material‐cost and efficiency) optimisation results under multi‐constraint condition. The constraints include total length of receiver, lateral tolerance, resonant voltage of compensation capacitance and fluctuation factor which are the factors may limit the application of multiphase receiver. Each constraint is divided into two cases: strong and weak. So there are sixteen multi‐constraint conditions composed of different constraint cases. Five configurations of two‐phase and four‐phase receiver are studied. The relationships between design parameters and mutual inductance, efficiency and constraints are calculated by analysis of structure configuration and equivalent circuit. In order to improve the rapidness and global optimum of optimisation, a multi‐objective optimisation process based on complete enumeration and Pareto optimality is proposed. Five configurations for 20 kW/20 kHz DWC system are optimised under sixteen multi‐constraint conditions respectively. Four‐phase receiver of hybrid connection is taken as an example to analyse the influence of different constraint values on the optimisation results. The Pareto fronts of different configuration optimisation results are comprehensive evaluated and compared. The optimal configuration under each condition is determined. A 10 kW/20 kHz DWC prototype system is established and the models in optimisation design are verified.
The effect of a phosphonate-based antiscalant on the morphology and precipitation kinetics of gypsum: The Red Sea – Dead Sea project
Authors: Reiss Amit G , Ganor Jiwchar , Gavrieli Ittai 
Published: June 2019

The proposed plan for the 'Red Sea – Dead Sea project' has raised concerns that the surface water of the Dead Sea would turn white due to gypsum precipitation. The occurrence of such an event would depend on the precipitation kinetics and the morphology of the precipitating crystals. Batch experiments were conducted to study the effect of a phosphonate-based antiscalant on the precipitation kinetics and morphology of gypsum under the conditions of this project.
Addition of the antiscalant was found to increase the induction time by a factor of 1.2-5 over the entire range of Dead Sea – Seawater mixtures investigated, depending on brine composition. Once nucleation occurred, the antiscalant also slowed the crystal growth by a factor of 1.2-3. However, when the solutions were seeded with gypsum, the rate of crystal growth with and without antiscalant were similar, within uncertainty. More crystals precipitated from unseeded solutions with no antiscalant and the crystals were smaller and less tabular than those precipitated from unseeded solutions with antiscalant.
ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOASSAY (ELISA) FOR FACTOR VIII ANTIGEN
Authors: Váradi K , Kárpáti J , Elödi S 
Published: June 2019

A two site ELISA test was developed for measuring factor VIII antigen (FVIIIsAg). The assay is based on two antibodies developed in a non-haemophilic and in a severe haemophilia-A patient, respectively. The IgG fraction prepared from the non-haemophilic plasma was used for coating, and the IgG isolated from the haemophilia-A plasma was labelled with horse-radish peroxidaseFVIII:Ag and FVIII activity was measured in 28 healthy blood donors and in 41 haemophilia-A patients. The normal range for FVIIIcAg was 40 - 180 %, the correlation coefficient between FVIII:Ag and FVIII activity assays was 0.8. The sensitivity of the assay ranges between 0.005 - 0.2 U/ml FVIII:Ag. In 18 cases of severe haemophilia-A FVIII:Ag was not detectable. In 3 out of 23 mild haemophilia-A cases FVIIIrAg was significantly higher, then FVIII activity, indicating CRM variants of the disease. Due to the high sensitivity of FVIII:Ag detection, the assay appears to be suitable for prenatal diagnosis
IN VIVO RECOVERY AND HALF-LIFE OF A STEAM-TREATED FACTOR IX (FIX) CONCENTRATE
Authors: Mörsdorf S , Seified E , Köhler M , Fasco F , Hellstern P , Pindur G 
Published: June 2019

The introduction of heat treatment of FVIII or FIX concentrates has reduced the risk of infection, however, has raised the question of a reduced haemo-statical effect. Therefore, the in vivo recovery and half-life of a steam-treated FIX concentrate (S-TIM4, Immuno) were investigated in 10 haemophilia B patients from two haemophilia centers. Patients mean age was 33 y (range 17-51 y) and the mean body weight (BW> was 67 kg (range 44-81 kg). Basal FIX levels ranged from 0.007 to 0.03 (median 0,007) U/ml. The patients had not received FIX concentrate at least 7 d prior to the study. Patients 1-4 received 4 different lots, patients 5-10 received one single lot. Blood was drawn before and after 15, 30 min, 1h, 4 h, 8 h, 10 h, 12 h, 24 h and additionally 48 h in patients 1-4. FIX levels were measured using FIX deficient plasma from Immuno (patients 1-10) in center 1, additionally in patients 5-10 using FIX deficient plasma from MerzDade. In vivo recovery and half-life were calculated according to Allain (1980, 1984) and given in % and h, respectively. Results: The table shows the dose and the calculated in vivo recovery and half-life, according to the FIX measurements in center 1 (C1) or center 2 (C2).Although the apparently longer half-life of patients 1-4 may in part be explained by the longer period of FIX measurements in center 1, the exclusive use of one single lot of FIX concentrate suggests an influence of the lot transfused in these patients. However, laboratory signs of DIC were not present.
ALLOANTIBODIES IN HEMOPHILIA B BINDING TO MULTIPLE FACTOR IX (IX) EPITOPES
Authors: Thompson A R 
Published: June 2019

A high titer, boost responding inhibitor was present in a patient and his nephew, both with severe hemophilia B. On digests of their DNA, Southern blots hybridized to a cDNA were normal. They had no detectable IX antigen, including immuno-radiometric assays with a calcium-requiring polyclonal antibody fraction, in either serum or urine (less than 0.03 U/dl).Plasmas from the patient and his nephew had 12 and 25 NIH U/ml inhibitor titers, respectively. They were fractionated over IX-agarose with calcium. Unlike fractionation of rabbit polyclonal antibodies, EDTA eluates did not bind IX. Purified patient inhibitors were eluted at low pH and contained detectable IgG1, IgG2 and IgG4 but not IgG3, IgA or IgM by radial immunodiffusion. On immunoradiometric assay, each patient's 125I-inhibitor bound to IX on the same solid phase inhibitor, indicating recognition of more than one epitope. Factor IX Ag was readily detected in these assays. The patients' inhibitors competed with binding of 125I-IX binding to each of 3 monoclonal antibodies. Each monoclonal antibody blocked 125I-IX binding to its own, insolubilized species. Similar results were obtained on an inhibitor plasma provided by H. Reisner (Chapel Hill, NC) which, unlike the present cases, contained a calcium-requiring antibody fraction (Briet E, et al Prog Clin Biol Res 150:123-139, 1984). Our patient's inhibitor was tested with two rabbit polyclonal fractions; the calcium-dependent fraction (epitopes in the light chain of IXa) and a specific heavy chain-binding fraction. The latter was from immunoaffinity purification of the non-calcium binding rabbit polyclonal fraction over an insolubilized synthetic peptide containing residues 256 through 269 of the IX sequence. Both fractions, in fluid phase, inhibited binding of 125I-IX to their own but not the other solid phase fraction. The patient's inhibitor did not block 125I-IX binding of the calcium-requiring fraction but did compete with the fraction prepared from the peptide column. These data suggest that the defect in our patient is a mutation between the Gla domain's 2nd or 3rd exons and the second growth factor-like region in the 5th exon.
THE CATALYTIC TRIAD RESIDUES (HIS221, ASP269, SER365) AND THE BINDING POCKET RESIDUE (ASP359) IN FACTOR IXBm ELSINORE (IXBmLE) ARE NOT ALTERED
Authors: Spitzer S G , Usharani P , Roser A D , Kasper C K , Bajaj S G 
Published: June 2019

Previous studies suggested that the defect in IXBmLE (a nonfunctional variant of human IX) is either in the catalytic triad or at the site(s) of interaction with the macromolecular substrates (antithrombin III, factor VII or factor X). To distinguish between these possibilities, we isolated a complete IX cDNA clone from a human liver cDNA library. We also constructed a genomic library (in phage EMBL3) using DNA of the BmLE patient. The library was screened with normal IX cDNA and with synthetic oligonucleotides. The positive clones containing the exons coding for IX were plaque purified. Two clones which contained the coding sequence of the catalytic domain, i.e., His221 (exon VII), and Asp269, Asp359, and Ser365 (exon VIII) were selected for further studies. The phage containing exon VIII was first digested with Sail and EcoRI and a 2-Kb fragment, which hybridized with the segment of cDNA containing exon VIII, was gel purified. The 2-Kb fragment was further digested and the subfragments were cloned into M13; the length and direction of the fragments used in sequencing are shown below:The phage containing exon VII was digested with PstI and SalI, and a 1-Kb fragment that hybridized with the 19-mer His221 probe was subcloned into M13 phage for sequencing. The sequence starting with residue Vall96 through residue Arg403 was found to be normal. Thus, none of the residues in the catalytic domain of IXBmLE are different from that of normal IX. These data provide strong indirect evidence that the noncatalytic aminoterminal portion of IX plays a significant role in the structural recognition of the macromolecular substrates. The sequence of this region of IXBmLE should provide information about the putative residue(s) essential for this recognition.
ABNORMAL vWF IN CONGENITAL CARDIAC DISEASE: EVIDENCE FOR FRAGMENTATION
Authors: Gill J C , Baganz S , Endres-Brooks J , Montgomery R R 
Published: June 2019

We previously reported the presence of an acquired von Willebrand factor (vWF) abnormality characterized by absence of the highest molecular weight (raw) multimers in 12 children with non-cyanotic congenital cardiac lesions. In order to determine the prevalence and define the mechanism of the vWF defect, a prospective series of 17 children were studied at the time of cardiac catheterization. In addition to standard coagulation and vWF assays, vWF multimeric patterns were determined by SDS agarose electrophoresis using two agarose concentrations, low concentration (0.65%) and high concentration (3.0%). Nine of the 17 children had absence of high mw vWF multimers on 0.65% agarose gels as follows:Of 5 children with absence of high mw vWF multimers on 0.65% agarose gels, 4 had 3% agarose gel patterns similar to that seen in patients with Type IIA von Willebrand disease (vWd). Two of 3 studied had the presence of vWF:frag on crossed immunoelectrophoresis. The patterns were not different when samples were drawn into a "cocktail" of proteolytic inhibitors. There was no correlation of abnormal vWF multimers with elevated B thromboglobulin, low dose ristocetin induced platelet aggregation or abnormal platelet vWF subunits. Thus, abnormal vWF multimers are commonly associated with non-cyanotic congenital cardiac lesions, particularly VSD. The lack of abnormality in platelet vWF multimers, absent low dose ristocetin aggregation, and presence of vWF:frag suggests that these alterations may be secondary to fragmentation or are of endothelial cell origin.