bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrospective Cohort Study of Associated Factors for Intestinal Complications in Pediatric Liver Transplantation
Authors: Pires Sindy , McLin Valérie A. , Rock Nathalie , Calinescu Ana‐Maria , Wildhaber Barbara E. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundIntestinal complications (IC) represent serious adverse events after liver transplantation (LT), however limited research has been conducted in pediatric cohorts. This study aims to describe IC after pediatric LT and to identify associated factors.MethodsRetrospective review of 153 patients having undergone LT, aged 0–18 years, treated in the Swiss Pediatric Liver Center in Geneva. Pre‐, per‐ and postoperative data were analyzed. IC were defined as pathologies or lesions directly associated with LT and attributable to the surgical procedure.Results16/153 (11%) patients developed IC: 10/16 mechanical obstructions, 4/16 intestinal perforations and 2/16 sub‐mesocolic abscesses. IC patients had a significantly lower Body Mass Index (BMI) (15.5 vs. 16.4, p = 0.019). Children with IC had significantly higher incidence of previous Kasai hepatoportoenterostomy associated with Ladd procedure (13% vs. 2%, p = 0.055), a history of intraoperative iatrogenic intestinal perforation(s) (31% vs. 5%, p = 0.003) and prolonged LT surgery duration (536 vs. 415 min, p = 0.007). Significantly more children with IC had received basiliximab (69% vs. 40%, p = 0.048). Patients with IC exhibited a higher incidence of post‐LT sub‐occlusions (p < 0.001) and an increased requirement for post‐LT parenteral nutrition (p = 0.027). Additionally, IC patients underwent significantly more reoperations (p < 0.001).ConclusionOne in 10 children post‐LT experiences IC, which are associated with significant morbidity. Pre‐LT nutritional status appears as an associated factor with IC, along with the necessity for adhesiolysis during LT, often leading to prolonged operative time. These associated factors should alert medical teams to promote early IC diagnosis in patients after LT.
Short Bowel Syndrome Is Not a Contraindication for Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Tastemel Ozturk Tugba , Gulhan Bora , Gumus Ersin , Hizarcioglu‐Gulsen Hayriye , Kurt‐Sukur Eda Didem , Bozaci Ali Cansu , Aki Fazil Tuncay , Duzova Ali , Topaloglu Rezan , Ozaltin Fatih 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundShort bowel syndrome (SBS) is a malabsorptive condition that develops as a result of massive resection of the small intestine and causes morbidities such as chronic diarrhea, dehydration attacks, parenteral nutrition (PN) dependence, and recurrent infections. Kidney transplantation in this patient group may be complicated by aforementioned morbidities, as well as the absorption problems of immunosuppressive drugs.MethodsWe report the first pediatric patient (18‐month‐old male) with SBS secondary to volvulus who underwent a successful living related kidney transplantation with a primary diagnosis of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease and had a successful 4‐year follow‐up without intestinal transplantation.ResultsTacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), and prednisolone were administered for maintenance of immunosuppression after transplantation. The patient reached therapeutic trough levels of tacrolimus with usual doses. The 4‐year renal survival was excellent without a clinical evidence of rejection, despite long‐term necessity of PN and intravenous fluids.ConclusionsKidney transplantation should not be avoided in patients with SBS solely because of concerns about the effectiveness of immunosuppressive therapy. Prednisolone, tacrolimus, and MMF combination was effective in our case, and these drugs can be considered as first‐line agents in these patients.
Brain biopsy and pathological diagnosis for drug‐associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) with inflammatory reactions
Authors: Shishido‐Hara Yukiko 
Published: November 2024

AbstractProgressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system caused by JC virus (JCV) infection. Although recognized as an AIDS complication in the 1980s, PML has emerged as a serious adverse event of immunosuppressive therapies since 2005, particularly disease‐modifying drugs (DMDs) for multiple sclerosis (MS). PML can also occur in patients with collagenous diseases receiving steroid therapy or with age‐related immunosuppression. In some cases, the etiology of immunosuppression remains unclear. These cases often present with early manifestations of PML, which, while common, are less well recognized, as PML was identified at more advanced stages in AIDS‐related cases. Early diagnosis poses difficulty due to unfamiliar magnetic resonance (MR) images and low viral loads in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and brain biopsy may be conducted. This review summarizes the PML pathology identified through biopsy. Early cytopathological changes of JCV‐infected cells, with the importance of dot‐shaped inclusions associated with promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies (PML‐NBs), are described. The variability of host immune responses, including PML immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (PML‐IRIS), is addressed. The potential role of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as pembrolizumab, is also explored. Understanding the pathology of early PML helps to optimize diagnostic strategies and therapeutic interventions, ultimately improving prognosis.
Visual search attentional bias modification reduced the attentional bias in socially anxious individuals
Authors: Yuan Jing , Shi Guangyuan , Zhang Qin , Cui Lixia 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRecent years have raised questions about the effectiveness of attentional bias modification (ABM) in individuals with social anxiety. In the current study, we employed a novel training method—ABM‐positive‐search training—to modify attentional bias in socially anxious individuals. The attentional bias was measured using the dot‐probe task, and brain electrical activity was recorded. The ABM‐positive‐search group was instructed to search for a happy face in a 3 × 3 visual array. The placebo control group was asked to find out whether the only male from the female or the only female from the male. In terms of behavioral indicators, the results showed a significant reduction in the variability of trial level‐bias score (TL‐BS) in the ABM‐positive‐search group post‐training. However, there was no significant change observed in the placebo control group. The electrophysiological results were consistent with the behavioral findings. To be specific, both groups displayed the N2pc effect in response to threatening faces before the training. After training, the N2pc effect disappeared in the ABM‐positive search group, while it remained in the placebo control group. In conclusion, ABM‐positive‐search training can effectively modify the attentional bias of socially anxious individuals, and cognitive control plays an important role in this process.
Geriatric dentistry course effect against ageism among dental students: A cohort study
Authors: Mendes Mariana Sarmet Smiderle , de Oliveira Ana Gabriela Logatto , Jardini Maria Aparecida Neves , Qian Fang , Marchini Leonardo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of geriatric dentistry courses as a combating strategy against ageism among dental students.MethodsA pre‐post prospective study was conducted in three different dental schools located in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, that offered geriatric dentistry courses in their curricula. A questionnaire specifically developed for this research and the “Ageism Scale for Dental Students” (ASDS) were applied before and after geriatric dentistry courses in all three dental schools.ResultsAmong 184 dental students, 51.6% (n = 95) improved their ageism scores. Dental students who improved ASDS scores were more likely to be from a public dental school (56 .7% vs. 40.4%; p = .040), in their 8th and 10th semesters (56 .7% vs. 40.4%; p = .040), and females (55 .6% vs. 36.8%; p = .040). Other factors such as age, ethnicity, history of living with older adults, history of taking care of older adults, and knowledge of ageism were not significantly associated with ageism score improvement. Only institutional affiliation and age remained significant predictors in the final model.ConclusionIn this study, the main variables correlated with reducing ageism among dental students were institutional affiliation and age.
Children and Adults Hold Leaders as Both Responsible and Entitled
Authors: Wang Qian , Chen Yifei , Li Yanfang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLeadership hierarchies are one form of social hierarchical relationships that are ubiquitous in human social lives. Little is known about children's perceptions of leadership hierarchies in the context of group collaboration and how these perceptions change with age. Across three studies, we examined these questions in 5–8‐year‐old children (N = 175; 49.14% girls) and adults (N = 79; 53.16% women). Children and adults heard stories about group cooperation involving both resource allocation and labor contributions. Studies 1 and 2 showed that in resource allocation situations, 5–8‐year‐olds and adults expected leaders to take more resources from a joint pool than non‐leaders and expected authoritative figures (i.e., teachers) to allocate more resources to leaders than non‐leaders. In labor contribution situations, where participants were asked who would clean an additional desk, children and adults expected leaders to undertake additional tasks compared to non‐leaders. Study 3 ruled out the possibility that younger children's responses were driven by the social salience of the leader compared to non‐leaders, rather than the leadership status. Overall, these results provide evidence that children and adults hold leaders both as both more responsible and entitled individuals than non‐leaders.
Topography‐driven variability in soil greenhouse gas emissions during potato growth season
Authors: Yaqoob Nauman , Malekian Raheleh , Farooque Aitazaz A. , Harder Phillip , Esau Travis J. , Zaman Qamar U. , Hu Yulin , Dwyer Ross 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTopographical variations strongly influence the spatial variability of soil physicochemical properties by affecting water retention, nutrient distribution and biochemical activity. These topography‐driven differences in soil dynamics can significantly impact greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Understanding the variation in GHG emissions over the growing season across topographic changes can facilitate the development of targeted precision agriculture strategies to mitigate GHG emissions. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the influence of topographical variations on soil properties and to assess the spatiotemporal variations of CO2 and N2O emissions throughout the various crop‐growing stages (CGS) of the potato growing season. Moreover, the impact of topography on potato yield was also examined. The experiment was conducted at Victoria Potato Farm, Prince Edward Island, Canada. A substantial N2O flux (80 g ha−1 day−1) was emitted after fertilizer application over the early CGS, and the upper positions had the highest cumulative N2O emissions (993 g ha−1), which aligned with the higher observed soil moisture in this zone. This finding highlights the critical importance of managing fertilizer application, as well as implementing mitigation strategies based on the spatial variability of soil properties to reduce emissions following fertilization. During the mid and late CGS, the depressional positions showed the highest cumulative N2O emissions (90 and 70 g ha−1, respectively). The highest cumulative CO2 emission was observed from the upper positions during the early CGS (1580 kg ha−1); however, the highest emissions were observed in the depressional areas during the mid and late CGS (1415 and 605 kg ha−1, respectively). Overall, the total N2O emission from the three zones accounting for both the differences in each zone's GHG fluxes and the length of each CGS indicated 43% emission in the upper areas, 32% and 25% for the depressional and mid‐slope positions, respectively. These values were 32%, 36% and 32% for CO2 in the upper, depressional and mid‐slope positions. This emission pattern aligns with the elevated soil‐activated carbon (AC), biological nitrogen availability (BNA) values and soil respiration rates in upper and depressional areas. In this study, significantly higher yields were also observed in depressional areas.
A 2‐year Review of the Diagnostic Performance of Serum and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Galactomannan Testing in Lung Transplant Recipients in a National Heart and Lung Transplant Centre
Authors: O'Donnell Clare , Lynch Breda , O'Sullivan Louise , Killarney Assumpta , Murray Michelle , Riddell Peter , Hannan Margaret M. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe 2015 International Society for Heart and Lung Transplant (ISHLT) fungal guidelines recommend the use of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) galactomannan over serum galactomannan for the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis (IA) in lung transplant (LTx) recipients, based on limited evidence. Galactomannan testing is costly.MethodsA single‐center, retrospective cohort study reviewing all 814 serum and BAL galactomannan samples received from 184 LTx recipients in our center between 2021 and 2022 and assessing their diagnostic performance in the diagnosis of IA.ResultsOver the study period, 394 serum galactomannan samples were received from 144 patients and 420 BAL galactomannan samples from 143 patients. Using a cut‐off of ≥ 1.0 for BAL galactomannan, the sensitivity and specificity were 65.9% and 98.4%, respectively. In total, 30 patients had positive BAL galactomannan. Antifungal therapy was commenced or continued in 29 of these patients either as targeted or pre‐emptive treatment. Using a cut‐off of ≥ 0.5 for serum galactomannan, the sensitivity and specificity were 9.7% and 99.7%, respectively. In total, four patients had a positive serum galactomannan. All four patients were either already on antifungal treatment for IA or were started before the serum galactomannan result was available, supported by laboratory, clinical, and radiological findings. A positive serum galactomannan was used to monitor treatment response in one patient.ConclusionSerum galactomannan is not a valuable test in the diagnosis of IA in our LTx recipients, is costly, and does not remove the need for bronchoscopy and BAL galactomannan. This supports the ISHLT recommendation.
Homesign Research, Gesture Studies, and Sign Language Linguistics: The Bigger Picture of Homesign and Homesigners
Authors: Coppola Marie 
Published: November 2024

AbstractStudies of homesigns have shed light on the human capacity for language and on the challenging problem of language acquisition. The study of homesign has evolved from a perspective grounded in gesture studies and child development to include sign language linguistics and the role of homesigns in language emergence at the community level. One overarching finding is that homesigns more closely resemble sign languages used by linguistic communities than they resemble the gestures produced by hearing people along with spoken language. Homesigns may not exhibit all of the linguistic properties of community languages, but the properties they do exhibit are language properties, and for the people who use them, homesigns are their language. Further, the linguistic structures in homesigns are innovated by the deaf people who use them and are imperfectly learned by their hearing communication partners. I close with a call to action: We cannot celebrate discoveries about the mind made possible by studies of homesigns and emerging languages while ignoring the pervasiveness of language deprivation among deaf people, and the relative lack of deaf participation in science, even in studies of sign languages. While the scientific community learns much from studying homesigns and sign languages, we also have a responsibility to work toward ensuring that every deaf person has access to language, communication, and education.
Simultaneous Hypotheses in Cognitive Agents: Commentary on Paxton, Necaise et al., and the Dynamical Hypothesis in Cognitive Science
Authors: Gorman Jamie C. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe 1998 article by van Gelder proposed a Dynamical Hypothesis (DH) in cognitive science consisting of Nature (cognitive agents are dynamical systems) and Knowledge (cognitive agents should be understood dynamically) hypotheses in contrast to the Computational Hypothesis (CH) that cognitive agents are computers. My commentary focuses on the contributions of Paxton and Necaise et al. in interpersonal motor coordination and radicalization across social media. I do not think that either contribution supports the Nature hypothesis but does conform with the Knowledge hypothesis. I conclude by describing cognitive agents as living systems (or nonliving systems that mimic aspects of living systems) that can be alternately viewed to support the DH or CH or both at the same time.
Globalisation and national commodity cycles: The case of wine in Australia
Authors: Anderson Kym 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGlobalisation may have reduced but certainly has not eliminated differences in national commodity cycles. This article examines the case of Australia's wine industry. Over the past four decades, all annual indicators of that industry's international competitiveness have traced a steep inverted V. This paper draws on recently compiled data to first summarise such indicators and contrast them with those of other key wine‐exporting countries. It then offers a series of partial explanations for the industry's sharp rise and then equally steep fall in its international competitiveness (and its several bumps along the way). The New Zealand and Californian wine industry's prolonged expansions in particular are contrasted with Australia's. Despite the current downturn in the industry's fortunes, and notwithstanding the likelihood of further boom–slump cycles in the decades ahead, the paper concludes that a return to profitability is possible if vignerons and wine exporters were to raise their current rates of investments in R&D, quality improvements and promotion, and if the AUD remains relatively weak.
Artificial intelligence driven clustering of blood pressure profiles reveals frailty in orthostatic hypertension
Authors: Owen Claire M. , Bacardit Jaume , Tan Maw P. , Saedon Nor I. , Goh Choon‐Hian , Newton Julia L. , Frith James 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGravity, an invisible but constant force
, challenges the regulation of blood pressure when transitioning between postures. As physiological reserve diminishes with age, individuals grow more susceptible to such stressors over time, risking inadequate haemodynamic control observed in orthostatic hypotension. This prevalent condition is characterized by drops in blood pressure upon standing; however, the contrary phenomenon of blood pressure rises has recently piqued interest. Expanding on the currently undefined orthostatic hypertension, our study uses continuous non‐invasive cardiovascular data to explore the full spectrum of blood pressure profiles and their associated frailty outcomes in community‐dwelling older adults. Given the richness of non‐invasive beat‐to‐beat data, artificial intelligence (AI) offers a solution to detect the subtle patterns within it. Applying machine learning to an existing dataset of community‐based adults undergoing postural assessment, we identified three distinct clusters (iOHYPO, OHYPO and OHYPER) akin to initial and classic orthostatic hypotension and orthostatic hypertension, respectively. Notably, individuals in our OHYPER cluster exhibited indicators of frailty and sarcopenia, including slower gait speed and impaired balance. In contrast, the iOHYPO cluster, despite transient drops in blood pressure, reported fewer fallers and superior cognitive performance. Surprisingly, those with sustained blood pressure deficits outperformed those with sustained rises, showing greater independence and higher Fried frailty scores. Working towards more refined definitions, our research indicates that AI approaches can yield meaningful blood pressure morphologies from beat‐to‐beat data. Furthermore, our findings support orthostatic hypertension as a distinct clinical entity, with frailty implications suggesting that it is worthy of further investigation.
Experimental Identification of Blade Tip Rub Forces at Engine Relevant Temperatures and Speeds
Authors: Reifsnyder Robin , Mathison Randall , D'Souza Kiran 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Abradable casing liners are used to safely minimize the clearance between rotating turbomachinery blades and outer casings. Reduced clearance improves engine efficiency but can lead to more blade tip rub events. These blade tip rub interactions need to be well understood at engine relevant speeds and temperatures to safely design the engine. Advancements in experimental capabilities to meet these engine relevant conditions and the corresponding measurement and analysis tools will enable these developments. The Ohio State University Gas Turbine Laboratory (OSU GTL), in collaboration with Pratt & Whitney, has expanded its capability in carrying out blade tip rubs to vary the temperature of the casing and blades for temperatures seen in a fan before rubs occur. This expansion of experimental capabilities requires a matching expansion of the methodologies used to analyze and interpret experimental data. In analyzing rubs at varying temperatures, it becomes imperative to understand how the temperature in the rub shoe affects the force transfer functions between the blades contacting the abradable liner and the load cells recording vibrations behind the casing. These transfer functions are necessary for obtaining the actual forces exerted upon the blades during the experiment but are originally obtained at room temperature. This paper examines how the load measuring unit's frequency response function changes based on different temperature conditions and how force measurements are altered between similar tests at significantly different temperatures.
The Behavior of Elbow Elements at Pure Bending Applications Compared to Beam and Shell Element Models
Authors: Elgazzar Mohamed , Luiz Edgar , Reda Ahmed , Sultan Ibrahim A. , Phung Truong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper studies the response of ELBOW31 and ELBOW31B element types under pure bending conditions, using shell and beam element models for benchmarking. Various model lengths are evaluated, showing that a model length of six pipe diameters exhibits a hardening effect when total strain exceeds 3.5%, though a strain up to 1% is deemed sufficient for pipeline design. The study examines the effects of ovality modes and boundary conditions such as NOWARP and NOOVAL on the bending response. ELBOW31 with one or two ovality modes yields accurate results, while additional ovality modes or zero ovality mode can lead to overprediction of the elastic bending moment capacity. The introduction of the NOWARP condition enhances the accuracy of the ELBOW31 model, while the NOOVAL condition alone produces unrealistic results. The simplified ELBOW31B model shows good agreement with the ELBOW31-NOWARP model but similarly overpredicts the bending moment when zero ovality mode is used. The study also finds that Poisson's ratio and model length have no significant impact on the bending response when no restrictions are applied. Additional analyses, as presented in Appendices A and B, highlight the importance of D/t ratios in pipeline performance. A D/t ratio of 20 offers a stiffer response with reduced ovalization, while a D/t ratio of 50 results in greater flexibility and increased ovalization. These findings provide valuable insights for the selection of element types, boundary conditions, and D/t ratios in robust pipeline design.