bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Coumarin‐Quinoline Hybrids: Design of Multitarget Compounds for Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Duarte Yorley , Fonseca André , Gutiérrez Margarita , Adasme‐Carreño Francisco , Muñoz‐Gutierrez Camila , Alzate‐Morales Jans , Santana Lourdes , Uriarte Eugenio , Álvarez Rocío , Matos Maria João 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease, presenting the most devastating consequences on human health and life quality. Coumarin‐quinoline hybrids were synthesized following a very efficient and versatile strategy. Small structural variations contributed to dual acetyl/butyrylcholinesterases (AChE/BuChE) activity or selectivity towards one of these enzymes. In addition, some of the studied compounds are interesting iron chelators, presenting a tendency to be neuroprotective. Moreover, the compounds are not cytotoxic for SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Compound 9c proved to be the most interesting compound of the studied series. This compound is selective against AChE and proved to be an excellent iron chelating agent (iron chelation at 100 μM=72.87%). Molecular docking studies were performed to establish the nature of the interaction between the studied compounds and the binding pockets, leading to a rationalization of structure–activity relationships. Compound 9c forms a well‐defined π‐stacking interaction with Phe330 and interacts with Tyr121 residue via a hydrogen bond, while the inactive compounds cannot establish these interactions. Important preliminary results against different targets, as well as some structure–activity relationships, were concluded from the experimental results.
Copper/Cuprous Oxide Nanoparticles Decorated Reduced Graphene Oxide Sheets Based Platform for Bio‐Electrochemical Sensing of Dopamine
Authors: Devnani Harsha , Rashid Nusrat , Ingole Pravin P. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA rudimentary simple sonochemical approach has been employed for the synthesis of copper/cuprous oxide nanoparticles (Cu/Cu2O NPs) decorated graphene oxide (GO) sheets. Simply, an aqueous dispersion of GO was sonochemically treated with Cu/Cu2O NPs as obtained through a simple electrochemical dissolution method to get the Cu/Cu2O/rGO nanocomposite. The decoration of Cu/Cu2O NPs on GO sheets resulted in the excellent sensing activity of Cu/Cu2O/rGO nanocomposite towards dopamine in the pharmaceutical formulation at the electrode interface due to enhanced electron mobility in GO sheet and high catalytic activity of Cu/Cu2O NPs. The comparison has been laid out based on various characterization techniques viz. powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infra‐red (FTIR) spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The fabricated sensor depicted high sensitivity of 0.806 μA/μM for dopamine in a broad linear range of 0.25 –17 μM. Moreover, the remarkable detection limit of 2.6 nM was found for dopamine, and the developed sensor exhibited a wide separation ca. 140 mV between the respective detection peaks of dopamine and uric acid, which is a major interferent in the analysis of dopamine.
A Practical Copper Catalyzed N‐Arylation of Amines Using Aryl Triazenes as Aryl Source
Authors: Chand Shiv , Kumar Saurabh , Singh Rahul , Singh Krishna Nand 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAn efficient copper‐catalyzed synthesis of N‐arylated amines has been developed via cross‐coupling of amines with aryl triazenes. The methodology is endowed with broad substrate scope, high yield, and significant functional group tolerance.
Simple and Efficient Synthesis of Anithiactins A‐C, Thiasporine A and Their Potent Antitumor 2,4‐Linked Oligothiazole Derivatives
Authors: Liu Yi , Ma Zhanwei , Zhao Xiangyun , Shan Qiuli , He Peng , Du Yuguo , Wang Yibin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDirectly 2,4‐linked oligothiazoles are not only broadly applied in drug discovery but also are the core structural motif of many biological natural products. With this background, we reported a simple and efficient route for the synthesis of four 2‐phenylthiazole natural products anithiactins A−C, thiasporine A, and series of their novel 2,4‐linked oligothiazole derivatives relies on the one‐pot cascade reaction of β‐azido disulfides and commercially carboxyl acids. This approach also represented a remarkably direct and simple route for 2,4‐linked oligothiazoles synthesis. By doing so, ten bisthiazoles and terthiazoles were effectively obtained in only 3∼6 linear steps with good to moderate yields. The bioassay results demonstrated that all the phenyl‐based oligothiazoles show potent antitumor activities. Among them, terthiazole 28 was the most potent compound with IC50 values of 4.4 μM, 4.8 μM against HCT116 and A549 cell lines, respectively.
Unique 1D Cd1−xZnxS@O‐MoS2/NiOx Nanohybrids: Highly Efficient Visible‐Light‐Driven Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution via Integrated Structural Regulation
Authors: Lin Haifeng , Sun Bowen , Wang Hui , Ruan Qinqin , Geng Yanling , Li Yanyan , Wu Jiakun , Wang Wenjing , Liu Jie , Wang Xun 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDevelopment of noble‐metal‐free photocatalysts for highly efficient sunlight‐driven water splitting is of great interest. Nevertheless, for the photocatalytic H2 evolution reaction (HER), the integrated regulation study on morphology, electronic band structures, and surface active sites of catalyst is still minimal up to now. Herein, well‐defined 1D Cd1−xZnxS@O‐MoS2/NiOx hybrid nanostructures with enhanced activity and stability for photocatalytic HER are prepared. Interestingly, the band alignments, exposure of active sites, and interfacial charge separation of Cd1−xZnxS@O‐MoS2/NiOx are optimized by tuning the Zn‐doping content as well as the growth of defect‐rich O‐MoS2 layer and NiOx nanoparticles, which endow the hybrids with excellent HER performances. Specifically, the visible‐light‐driven (>420 nm) HER activity of Cd1−xZnxS@O‐MoS2/NiOx with 15% Zn‐doping and 0.2 wt% O‐MoS2 (CZ0.15S‐0.2M‐NiOx) in lactic acid solution (66.08 mmol h−1 g−1) is about 25 times that of Pt loaded CZ0.15S, which is further increased to 223.17 mmol h−1 g−1 when using Na2S/Na2SO3 as the sacrificial agent. Meanwhile, in Na2S/Na2SO3 solution, the CZ0.15S‐0.2M‐NiOx sample demonstrates an apparent quantum yield of 64.1% at 420 nm and a good stability for HER under long‐time illumination. The results presented in this work can be valuable inspirations for the exploitation of advanced materials for energy‐related applications.
A General Method to Ultrathin Bimetal‐MOF Nanosheets Arrays via In Situ Transformation of Layered Double Hydroxides Arrays
Authors: Wang Bingqing , Shang Jing , Guo Chong , Zhang Jianze , Zhu Fengnian , Han Aijuan , Liu Junfeng 
Published: January 2019

AbstractStructure engineering of ultrathin metal–organic framework (MOF) nanosheets to self‐supporting and well‐aligned MOF superstructures is highly desired for diverse applications, especially important for electrocatalysis. In this work, a facile layered double hydroxides in situ transformation strategy is developed to synthesize ultrathin bimetal‐MOF nanosheets (BMNSs) arrays on conductive substrates. This approach is versatile, and applicable to obtain various BMNSs or even trimetal‐MOF nanosheets arrays on different substrates. As a proof of concept application, the obtained ultrathin NiCo‐BDC BMNSs array exhibits an excellent catalytic activity toward the oxygen evolution reaction with an overpotential of only 230 mV to reach a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in 1 m KOH. The present work demonstrates a strategy to prepare ultrathin bimetal‐MOF nanosheets arrays, which might open an avenue for various promising applications of MOF materials.
Finding the ΔΔG spot: Are predictors of binding affinity changes upon mutations in protein–protein interactions ready for it?
Authors: Geng Cunliang , Xue Li C. , Roel‐Touris Jorge , Bonvin Alexandre M. J. J. 
Published: January 2019

Predicting the structure and thermodynamics of protein–protein interactions (PPIs) are key to a proper understanding and modulation of their function. Since experimental methods might not be able to catch up with the fast growth of genomic data, computational alternatives are therefore required. We present here a review dealing with various aspects of predicting binding affinity changes upon mutations (ΔΔG). We focus on predictors that consider three‐dimensional structure information to estimate the impact of mutations on the binding affinity of a protein–protein complex, excluding the rigorous free energy perturbation methods. Training and evaluation, ΔΔG databases, data selection, and existing ΔΔG predictors are specially emphasized. We also establish the parallel with scoring functions used in docking since those share many similar PPI features with ΔΔG predictors. The field has seen a common evolution of ΔΔG predictors and scoring functions over time, transforming from purely energetic functions to statistical energy‐based and further to machine learning‐based functions. As machine learning has come to age, limitations in terms of quantity, quality and variety of the available data become the bottlenecks for the future development of these computational methods. This can be alleviated by building infrastructures for data generation, collection and sharing. Further developments can be catalyzed by conducting community‐wide blind challenges for method assessment.This article is categorized under:
Structure and Mechanism > Molecular Structures
Structure and Mechanism > Computational Biochemistry and Biophysics
Molecular and Statistical Mechanics > Molecular Interactions
André Goffeau's imprinting on second generation yeast “genomologists”
Authors: Fairhead Cécile , Fischer Gilles , Liti Gianni , Neuvéglise Cécile , Schacherer Joseph 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAll authors of the present paper have worked in labs that participated to the sequencing effort of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae reference genome, and we owe to this the fact that we have all chosen to work on genomics of yeasts. S. cerevisiae has been a popular model species for genetics since the 20th century as well as being a model for general eukaryotic cellular processes. Although it has also been used empirically in fermentation for millennia, there was until recently, a lack of knowledge about the natural and evolutionary history of this yeast. The achievement of the international effort to sequence its genome was the foundation for understanding many eukaryotic biological processes but also represented the first step towards the study of the genome and ecological diversity of yeast populations worldwide. We will describe recent advances in yeast comparative and population genomics that find their origins in the S. cerevisiae genome project initiated and pursued by André Goffeau.
Multiple Paths to Industrialization: A Global Context of the Rise of Emerging States
Authors: Sugihara Kaoru 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis chapter discusses various ways in which different countries and regions created their own path of economic development and industrialization, and the role the state played in them. The diffusion of industrialization over the last two centuries saw the emergence of a three-tier division of labour where capital-intensive industrialization, labour-intensive industrialization and the export economy of primary products characterized each region that has been integrated into the world economy. Among the countries of late development Japan in the late nineteenth century pursued labour-intensive industrialization, as its competitive advantage lay in the quality of labour relative to capital. In the twentieth century many countries pursued the state-led industrialization with emphasis on capital-intensive industries. In the late twentieth century, however, the developmental state such as Japan and NIEs pursued ‘developmentalism’, which combined imported resources including fossil fuels with competitive domestic resources such as labour of a good quality and natural resources such as water and biomass. It was important for the emerging state to create local, regional and long-distance trade to secure necessary resources for industrialization. The growth of intra-Asian trade ensured regional industrialization, while the proportion of intra-regional trade in Sub-Saharan Africa has been low until very recently. The experience of Southeast Asia shows the possibility of rapid structural transformation from the primary producer to the industrial region.
Agricultural Market Intervention and Emerging States in Africa
Authors: Honma Masayoshi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIt is the domestic price that shows the influence of agricultural policy in the countries whose governments intervene the agricultural markets. Thus, the Nominal Rate of Protection (NRP), a price difference between domestic and international price divided by the international price is often used as an indicator for the level of agricultural protection. The purpose of this chapter is to examine factors to affect the agricultural protection level in Africa by using the data from 1961 to 2010 for 20 African countries. As shown in the past studies, it is generally observed that agricultural protection levels are different between in developing and developed countries. Agriculture is taxed in the early stages of development with lower domestic prices than international prices. But, as the economy develops, agriculture tends to be protected with their prices higher than international prices. This trend is also observed in African countries. However, in comparison to East Asian countries that have been rapidly industrialized, the level of agricultural protection in Africa remains low. In this paper, a theoretical model is presented to explain the mechanism of the growth of agricultural protection level and then a statistical analysis is conducted to test the hypothesis in the model. The results showed that all the variables are statistically significant with expected signs. The determinants of agricultural protection level supposed in the model are effective. While Africa as a whole is still in the process of economic development and the average agricultural nominal rate of protection is not so high, it is assumed that it would experience higher level of agricultural protection if it is developed rapidly. Avoiding market intervention and correcting distortions of farmer’s incentives are necessary even if correcting income disparity is a political priority in Africa. So-called decoupled policies such as direct payments with public investment in agricultural infrastructure should be introduced to promote agricultural growth.
Role of Community and Government in Irrigation Management in Emerging States: Lessons from Japan, China, and India
Authors: Kajisa Kei 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe community has been used as a convenient institutional device for the mobilization of rural labor for successful irrigation management. The main message of this chapter is that the use of community is not a panacea, and government should also play an important role particularly in emerging states. An important issue in irrigation management in emerging states is how to achieve a smooth substitution of capital for labor under increasing labor scarcity in the agricultural sector. The community cannot properly achieve this substitution because externalities in irrigation services increase in a complicated manner when farmers exit from farming, and community mechanisms also decline. Lessons from Japan, China, and India are summarized threefold. First, as the externalities increase, the government should actively intervene at the right time to support the adoption of labor-saving technologies in irrigation management. Second, at the same time, however, we need to have some mechanism which can circumvent a political economy problem of excessive support following the trend for increasing agricultural protectionism during rapid industrialization. The experiences of the developed countries exemplify the difficulty of this task. Third, the government must take care of new issues which also need active government involvement: the depletion of groundwater and the introduction of volumetric irrigation water pricing. Since these new issues were not common among the DCs when they were at the similar stage of economic development, the governments of the contemporary emerging states need more administrative capacity than the governments of the DSs used to do for irrigation management.
Technology Transfer and Agricultural Development: A Comparative Study of Asia and Africa
Authors: Otsuka Keijiro 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAs in the case of any other sectors of the economy, the engine of agricultural growth in developing countries is the transfer of technology. This chapter pays a special attention to the role of transfer of intensive rice production systems from Japan to the former colonies of Taiwan and Kore before World War II, to tropical Asia in the 1960s to 1980s, and further to sub-Sharan Africa at present. What is found is that compared with other cereal crops lowland rice production technology is highly transferable from one major region to another. Another important point is that improved rice production system is not only intensive in the use of improved seeds and chemical fertilizer but also in “management,” including bunding, leveling, and straight-row transplanting. Therefore, in order to realize rice Green Revolution in Africa, it is critical to invest in training of rice farmers and extension workers. This chapter also explains how various other chapters dealing with agricultural issues in this volume are related with the issue of productivity growth of agriculture discussed in this chapter.
Role of State and Non-state Networks in Early-Modern Southeast Asian Trade
Authors: Ota Atsushi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis chapter explores the significance of precolonial trade in the historical path of the economic development of Southeast Asia. During the Age of Commerce (c. 1450–1680) states played a prominent role in the promotion of trade. States militarily protected ports, created quarters for foreign traders to settle down, and controlled the production and trade of important export products. The state control of production and trade was possible and effective, because states mainly exported small-volume, high-value items such as precious spices and wood, which were produced in very limited areas. On the other hand, during the Age of China-oriented trade (c. 1750–1870), non-state commercial military groups, often called pirates, played an important role in local and regional trade. Their heavily armed fleets were effective to collect marine and forest products, which were now strongly demanded in China, in remote areas under weak state control. State control of production was no longer effective on these products, which could be collected in numerous places in insular Southeast Asia. As commercial transactions were conducted in numerous places, a large number of people came to be involved in market economy. When weak port states collapsed because of wars and other reasons, commercial military groups flexibly changed their trade ports. Because of their activities, local and regional trade in Southeast Asia had been active throughout the colonial period. As a result of these brisk trade activities, large parts of Southeast Asian society became dependent on trade, often importing food and other necessities from other regions. People became more accustomed to market economy and became increasingly market-oriented. These elements that had been developed through the early-modern trade were also important in the economic rise after the World War II and in more recent decades.
Growth of Regional Trade in Modern Southeast Asia: The Rise of Singapore, 1819–1913
Authors: Kobayashi Atsushi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis chapter discusses one of the distinctive patterns of trade growth in nineteenth-century Southeast Asia by shedding light on the development of Singapore’s regional trade. Since the early nineteenth century, Singapore acted as an emporium involving various commodities and merchants, and became a port facilitating commodity circulations through regional trade with neighbouring countries as well as long-distance trade with faraway regions. By the mid-nineteenth century, industrial products and Southeast Asian produce became the primary contributors to Singapore’s trade growth, and Chinese merchants served as intermediaries between Western and native traders. Singapore’s regional trade began to reinforce the connection between production and consumption within the region by accelerating the intra-regional circulation of foodstuffs, which was instrumental in the remarkable growth of primary goods’ exports from Southeast Asia after the 1870s. The regional trade promoted the formation of the international division of labour with the Western industrial economy. This expansion allowed Singapore’s trade to integrate the local trading systems of Southeast Asian countries, which maintained autonomous dynamics within their respective domestic markets.
Labour-Intensive Industrialization and the Emerging State in Pre-war Japan
Authors: Tanimoto Masayuki 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis chapter reconsiders the role of labour-intensive industrialization in pre-war Japan, by examining its role in import and export trade, with special attention paid to the development strategy. The chapter demonstrates that the development of import-substituting industries had to be complemented by export-oriented industries to relax the trade imbalance caused by the increase in imports, through exemplifying cases of cotton industries, followed by a discussion on the changing pattern of export-oriented industries, with a focus on urban small-scale manufacturers. Since there existed potential possibilities of moving from employees to employers through the establishment of their own workshops in the urban manufacturing sectors, juvenile workers were encouraged to invest in skill formation, and were expected to tolerate relatively low wage levels. The character of the workforce there was distinctively different from that of the cotton industries, which had been the major labour-intensive industry up to the interwar period, endowing Japan’s labour-intensive industrialization with its dynamic nature. At the same time, the achievement of the pre-war phase can be regarded as the forerunner of industries exporting finished consumer products to Western industrialized countries, which emerged after World War II, offering an insight into the critical opening to the understanding of post-war rapid economic growth, the last phase of the Japanese economy as an emerging state.
Historical Roots of Industrialisation and the Emerging State in Colonial India
Authors: Nomura Chikayoshi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFollowing a clear shift towards economic liberalisation in the 1980s, Indian economy has grown remarkably. One of the driving forces is the three-decade long expansion in the activities of private industrial enterprises, whose origins date back to the colonial era. Some activities even reached global standards in terms of production and employment, although the overall industrialisation level was far from sufficient. This chapter reviews the colonial India’s industrialisation, focusing on its stagnated nature and three known hypotheses on the causes of the stagnation; the factor endowment hypothesis; the laissez-faire economic policy hypothesis; and the sluggish technical transfer hypothesis.