bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant and UV photoprotective activitiy of lichenized fungi from Paramo de Sumapaz (Colombia).
Authors: Vargas David Gilberto Torres , Arango Lissy Marcella Nuñez , Ceballos Jaime Aguirre 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Lichens or lichenised fungi are particularly abundant in harsh environments, Neotropical Paramos are unique mountain environments located in the northern Andes, face several treats due to human activities and climate change. In this study, the antioxidant and photoprotective activities of 5 Paramo lichens were evaluated. Antioxidant activity was obtained using DPPH and FRAP assays. Photoprotective parameters (SPF Sun Protection Factor, critical wavelength, spectral amplitude) were determined spectrophotometrically. All extracts showed DPPH inhibition higher than 70% at 200 µg mL− 1, while BHT achieved 92% at 20 µg mL− 1 and showed significant differences. Rock-inhabiting lichens such as Thamnolia and Cladonia performed better than phorophyte-growing lichens Lobariella, Peltigera and Everniastrum. Moreover, the extracts evaluated had moderate ferric ion reducing power and were statistically different from BHT. For protection against UV-B, the in vitro SPF were above 10 at 100 µg mL− 1 for all extracts except Peltigera. Lobariella was the most active at 100 and 200 µg mL− 1 (SPF: 17.37 ± 0.47 and 29.25 ± 1.68 respectively). Thamnolia, Cladonia and Lobariella can be highlighted as potential broad-spectrum filters (λcrit = 367.9; 364.2 and 355.8 nm), while Everniastrum can be proposed as UV-B and UVA-2 filter and Peltigera presented the smallest photoprotective activity. Consequently, Paramo lichens, especially species growing on rocks, soil or over exposed phorophytes can be proposed as sources of new photoprotective compounds, with the remarkable feature of their antioxidant capability, which is an improvement compared to synthetic sunscreens. These potential applications might help as conservation strategy for Paramo environments.
A Computational Mechanism for Encoding, Recalling and Forgetting of Real-Life Episodic Events
Authors: Jain Arvind Kumar , Shrivastava Rahul , Chauhan Nupa Ram , Tiwari Vivek 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

One of the most important aspects of the human memory system is episodic memory, by imitating them, an agent can achieve human intelligence. To achieve human cognitive abilities, this paper presents a computational mechanism that encodes and forgets the real life episodic events. The proposed model is based on bindings between roles and entities that encode the real-life conceptual activities. In addition, the model incorporates a computational gradual forgetting mechanism to achieve higher performance while controlling memory consumption over time. To verify the suggested model, an experimental investigate is conducted, wherein the evaluation is done based on event recalling’s hit ratio. The approach generates consistent performance and got an enhanced hit ratio in event recalling concerning prior methods.
A novel diimine two-tetradentate ionic macrocycle Schiff base ligand as a Colorimetric Chemosensor for the Detection of Fe 2+ andFe 3+ ions
Authors: kamroudi Mahrokh Razzaghi , Grivani Gholamhossein 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

In this paper, a novel diimine two-tetradentate ionic macrocycle Schiff base ligand (L) was synthesized by reacting 1,2-bis((1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl)benzene (OB) with 5- chloromethyl salicylaldehyde in methanol and followed by the addition of ethylenediamine under refluxing conditions, and characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV–Visible, fluorescence, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR), liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The sensing ability toward the metal ions of Mo5+, V4+, Cr3+, Al3+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Hg2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Co2+, Mn2+, Sn2+, Pb2+, Fe3+, Fe2+, K+, Ag+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Ba2+ and Na+ was investigated in mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and water (H2O) (2/8, v/v) solvent. The L is used as a colorimetric chemosensor for the detection of Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions, by a rapid and significant color change from yellow to brown and brownish red Respectively, by the naked eye and at room temperature. Also, the limit of detection (LOD) was obtained 0.45 µM for Fe2+ and 0.68 µM for Fe3+. Job’s plots indicated a 1:2 complexation stoichiometry between the sensor (L) and Fe ions. Moreover, the sensor (L) demonstrated reversible behavior upon the addition of EDTA. This probe (L) could be prepared into test paper strips for visual detection of Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions at room temperature.
Hyperchylomicronemia causes endothelial cell inflammation and increases atherosclerosis
Authors: Goldberg Ira , Izquierdo Maria Concepcion , Gonzalez Ainara , Basu Debapriya , Nasias Dimitrios , Kanter Jenny , Ho Tse Wing Winnie , Gjini Jana , Fisher Edward , Kim Jeffrey , Lee Warren , Bornfeldt Karin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The effect of increased triglycerides (TGs) as an independent factor in atherosclerosis development has been contentious, in part, because severe hypertriglyceridemia associates with low levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). To test whether hyperchylomicronemia, in the absence of markedly reduced LDL-C levels, contributes to atherosclerosis, we created mice with induced whole-body lipoprotein lipase (LpL) deficiency combined with LDL receptor (LDLR) deficiency. On an atherogenic Western-type diet (WD), male and female mice with induced global LpL deficiency (iLpl-/-) and LDLR knockdown (Ldlrkd) developed hypertriglyceridemia and elevated cholesterol levels; all the increased cholesterol was in chylomicrons or large VLDL. After 12 weeks on a WD, atherosclerotic lesions both in the brachiocephalic artery and the aortic root were more severe in iLpl-/-/Ldlrkd mice compared to the control Ldlrkd mice. One likely mechanism for this is that exposure of the aorta to hyperchylomicronemia led endothelial cell inflammation. Thus, our data show that intact chylomicrons contribute to atherosclerosis, explain the association of postprandial lipemia and vascular disease, and prove that hyperchylomicronemia is not benign.
Space-Time Wavefront Synchronized Optoelectronics
Authors: Chang Chao , Zhang Chiben , Lou Jing , Zhang Jing , Wang Zhuochao , Ji Changyin , Huang Yindong , Li zhenfei , Zhu Weiren , Li Longyue , Cong Longqing , Hu Guangwei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Wireless communications feature high data rates, low latency, and ultra-reliable characteristics for future communications. It necessarily requires highly efficient, programmable, and multifunctional arrays in both spatial, temporal, and wave domains, thus compensating the path loss, extending spectral links, and enlarging spatial coverage. The current state of the art presents several challenges, including narrow bandwidth, limited efficiency, remarkable loss, and constrained coverage in full space with unconnected transmission-reflection-integrated links. Here, harvesting the optoelectronic-modulated arrays integrated with multi-wavelength response resonators, we report broadband single-layer modulation devices with the picosecond modulation speed via pulsed light, the maximum modulation efficiency that approaches the fundamental modulation limit, and space-time synchronous link between the transmission and reflection. It could modulate the signals in the picosecond level by pump light with low fluence of 100 μJ/cm2 and tailor the wavefront covering a large bandwidth. Two prototypes are fabricated with gradient and holographic phase distributions, where the 168° field-of-view for beam steering and nearly 100% similarity for holograms are realized, respectively. This novel scheme of arrays is promising to advance in wireless communication, and inspires more all-optical innovations in the field of nanophotonics and semiconductors.
Numerical simulation of the effect of downstream material on scouring-sediment profile of combined spillway-gate
Authors: Hassanzadeh Yousef , Abbaszadeh Hamidreza , Abedi Ali , Abraham John 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Overflow structures are among the most important hydraulic structures used for measuring flow, controlling floods in reservoirs, and regulating water levels in open channels. Alternative options, such as combined structures like spillway-gates, are preferred due to their compatibility with natural and ecological needs. This study investigates the impact of different soil gradations downstream on the scouring profile of combined spillway-gate structures. Scouring and sedimentation downstream of the spillway-gate were examined under various particle sizes of 0.0008, 0.001, and 0.0014 m, with a constant density in both free and submerged flow conditions using the FLOW-3D software. In this study, the k-ε, k-ω, LES, and RNG turbulence models were evaluated, and the RNG turbulence model was selected among that group. In free flow conditions, the highest sediment deposition occurred with the smallest particle diameter. For larger particle diameters, the void spaces between the particles reduce friction and increase the movement threshold, leading to increased scouring and decreased sediment height. In submerged flow conditions, the changes in scouring for different particle sizes were minor, with results being closely aligned. In submerged flow conditions, increasing the particle diameter resulted in a decrease in sediment deposition in the post-scouring area.
Greenhouse gas emissions from container-based sanitation systems in East African cities: a case study in Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Okeny David , Niwagaba Charles B. , Kalibbala Herbert M. , McConville Jennifer R. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Sanitation systems emit greenhouse gases (GHGs), which are estimated to comprise 3% of global emissions and pose challenges to sustainable development goals (SDGs), specifically SDG 13 and SDG 6.2, which are focused on climate action and sanitation. This study quantified GHG emissions from the containment component of the container-based sanitation (CBS) system, with a specific focus on Fresh Life Toilets (FLTs) in Nairobi, Kenya. Field measurements performed over 10-day studies revealed total GHG emissions of 15.72 kg CO2 eq/capita/year from faecal matter alone, excluding the emissions from urine. Nuanced variations in emissions were encountered, notably with higher methane production at the point of temporary storage (0.40 kg CO2 eq/capita/year) compared to values at capture and emptying, which were much below the detection level of the equipment used. This insight underscores the complexities of GHG dynamics within CBS systems, highlighting the ongoing necessity for research to refine and enhance precision in GHG assessments related to CBS. The results of this study contribute to elucidating the impact of climate change on CBS systems.
Cafeteria Diet Abstinence Induces Depressive Behavior and Disrupts Endocannabinoid Signaling in Dopaminergic Areas: A Preclinical Study
Authors: de Ceglia Marialuisa , Romano Adele , Di Bonaventura Maria Vittoria Micioni , Gavito Ana , Botticelli Luca , Di Bonaventura Emanuela Micioni , Friuli Marzia , Cifani Carlo , de Fonseca Fernando Rodríguez , Gaetani Silvana 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Alterations of dopamine (DA) transmission in the brain reward system can be
associated with an addictive-like state defined as food addiction (FA), common in obese individuals.
Subjects affected by FA experience negative feelings when abstinent from their preferred diet and may
develop mood disorders, including depression, sustained by alterations in brain DA pathways.

Objective:
This study aims to investigate the impact of long-term abstinence from a palatable diet on
depressive-like behavior in rats, exploring neurochemical alterations in monoamine and endocannabinoid
signaling in DA-enriched brain regions, including ventral tegmental area, dorsolateral striatum,
substantia nigra and medial prefrontal cortex.

Methods:
Rats underwent exposure and subsequent abstinence from a palatable cafeteria diet. During
abstinence, animals were treated with fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor PF-3845 (10 mg/kg,
intraperitoneal administration every other day). Lastly, animals were subjected to a forced swimming
test, and their brains were dissected and processed for high-performance liquid chromatography measurement
of monoamines and western blot analyses of markers of the endocannabinoid machinery.

Results:
After the withdrawal from the palatable diet, animals showed depressive-like behavior, coupled
with significant variations in the concentration of brain monoamines and in the expression of endocannabinoid
signalling machinery proteins in cited brain areas. Treatment with PF-3845 exerted an antidepressant-
like effect and restored part of the alterations in monoaminergic and endocannabinoid systems.

Conclusion:
Overall, our results suggest that abstinence from a cafeteria diet provokes emotional disturbances
linked to neuroadaptive changes in monoamines and endocannabinoid signalling in brain areas
partaking to DA transmission that could partially be restored by the enhancement of endocannabinoid
signalling through FAAH inhibition.
Digital solutions for optimizing the sentencing of criminal penalties in times of war
Authors: Maricheva O. V. 
Published: November 2024

Relevance. Unlawful acts under martial law carry an increased public danger, destabilizing national security, exacerbating resource scarcity and having an extremely negative impact on society. This requires the criminal justice system to respond as quickly and effectively as possible, including in terms of imposing fair and proportionate penalties. In light of the current foreign policy situation, the relevance of this study is undeniable.Purpose. The purpose of the work is to identify the positive and negative aspects of the application of digital solutions to optimize the assignment of criminal penalties under martial law on the basis of a comprehensive analysis. Objectives: to identify specific factors and challenges affecting the process of sentencing in the context of military conflict, to study the best international experience in the use of digital technologies to improve the effectiveness of judicial determination of criminal sanctions, to analyze the prospects for the use of innovative tools in the imposition of criminal sanctions, taking into account the peculiarities of martial law, to identify the key advantages and limitations of the use of digital technologies in the judicial system to improve the objectivity, speed, and efficiency of the judicial process.Methodology. The work is built on the basis of dialectical general scientific approach, which provided the integrity of the study and substantiation of cause-and-effect relationships. We used general scientific methods - analysis and synthesis, generalization, special legal method - comparative-legal method.Results. Under martial law, the use of digital technologies can increase the objectivity, speed and transparency of sentencing. However, there are risks of errors and system failures, the need for costly investments, problems with information security and citizens' distrust of «soulless» machine solutions.Conclusion. The study identifies both the potential benefits and risks of digital solutions for optimizing criminal sentencing under martial law. In order to improve the effectiveness and reliability of digital solutions, risks related to cybersecurity, personal data protection and resilience to disruptions under emergency conditions need to be carefully assessed. At the same time, it is important to continuously improve and adapt technologies, ensuring their flexibility to dynamically changing wartime realities.
Veterinary and epizootic surveillance in Russia in the second half of the XIX century (based on the materials of the Central Black Earth Region)
Authors: Tretyak A. S. 
Published: November 2024

The relevanceof the article is due to the difficult epidemiological situation in the Kursk region, which arose due to a special military operation. The historical experience of the zemstvos in solving acute veterinary problems can be used in modern conditions. The history of veterinary and epizootic surveillance in the second half of the 19th century is also relevant from a theoretical point of view, as it allows us to expand knowledge about the socio-economic development of post-reform Russia. The purposeof the article is to analyze the veterinary practice of zemstvos in the Central Chernozem region in the second half of the XIX century.Objectives:to identify the peculiarities of the development of veterinary medicine in the zemstvo provinces; to analyze the problems faced by zemstvo veterinarians and methods of their solution; to evaluate the effectiveness of veterinary practice of zemstvos in the Central Chernozem region. The methodologyincludes chronological and historical-comparative approaches. The method of objectivity and scientific approach based on the principle of historicism is applied. Results.In the post-reform period, a tense epizootic situation developed in Russia. Zemstvo veterinarians took effective measures to counteract animal diseases. Measures aimed at preventing and eliminating epizootics, combating infectious diseases of animals were carried out everywhere, the population received free medical care for sick animals, veterinary laboratories and diagnostic rooms were opened. The fight against animal diseases in the Central Chernozem region has led to the complete elimination of epidemics. Conclusions.Zemstvo veterinary medicine contributed to the improvement of animal health and the development of livestock farms in Russia in the second half of the XIX century. The activities of zemstvo veterinarians marked the beginning of the organizational design of the veterinary service as a separate branch of medicine.
Deliberate environmental and legal risk: law enforcement and normative aspects
Authors: Gusarov A. V. 
Published: November 2024

Relevance. Numerous environmental problems, overlapping with legal reality, transform the established legal order, introducing elements of uncertainty into it. In such circumstances, specific participants in legal relations do not always have a clear idea of how their model of behavior should be implemented in a legitimate way, which is why they quite consciously have to rely on risk. In its most general form, risk is a derivative of uncertainty. In the realities of environmental and legal uncertainty, situations are common where the subject of normative or law enforcement activities, relying on risk, does not have a clear forecast of the success of his legally significant decisions, but another behavior option that is not based on risk is either excluded altogether or difficult to implement. Such trends determine the need for a comprehensive theoretical understanding of the phenomenon of premeditation of subjects of lawmaking and law enforcement activities in the context of environmental and legal risk.The purpose is to identify the key features of the premeditation factor in relation to the law enforcement and rule-making aspects of legal activity in the context of environmental and legal risk.Objectives: to reveal the essence of premeditation as such, to consider the law enforcement and rule-making sides of premeditation of an ecological and legal nature in a risk-oriented model of legal relations, to identify the forms of manifestation of such premeditation.Methodology. To solve the tasks set, methods of interpretation of normative and law enforcement acts, analysis, synthesis, concretization and abstraction were used. The results of the study were data characterizing the features of intentional environmental and legal risks in law enforcement and rule-making environments. Conclusion. The existence of deliberate environmental and legal risks is a consequence, firstly, of general environmental problems and, secondly, of defects in the field of legal regulation. Premeditation in the context of environmental and legal risk is expressed by the conscious will of the subject to achieve a certain useful result. Sometimes, in the format of normative or law enforcement work, such a risk is acceptable, but its use should be extremely careful.
Technical camouflage in the defense of Leningrad
Authors: Murga N. V. 
Published: November 2024

Relevance. The topic of the defense of besieged Leningrad has been studied in many ways, but the role of technical camouflage in the defense of the besieged city has not been sufficiently covered. Not all historical sources stored in archives have been published, analyzed and introduced into scientific circulation.The purpose: to cover the course of historical events during the period of technical camouflage of the most important urban objects of Leningrad, as well as the concealment of cultural values, the dominant features of the city and the camouflage of the ships of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet moored on the Neva.Objectives: to study archival documents, previously published studies on this topic, memoirs of participants in technical camouflage; to analyze the activities of the Architectural Planning Department during the implementation of technical camouflage measures for the most important urban objects and cultural values; to summarize the conclusions about the role and place of the Architectural Planning Department during technical camouflage.Methodology. The study used such methods as historical, chronological, and systems approach using the structural-functional analysis method.Results. The article, based on archival documents of the Central State Archive, the archive of historical and political documents, previously conducted studies, and the memoirs of participants in the siege of Leningrad, examines the activities of the Architectural Planning Department of the Executive Committee of the Council of Workers' Deputies of Leningrad during the technical camouflage of vital city objects and cultural values.Conclusions. Conclusions are made about the direct participation of the Architectural Planning Department in technical camouflage.