bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Legacy of Hypoxia: Tracking Carryover Effects of Low Oxygen Exposure in a Demersal Fish Using Geochemical Tracers
Authors: Altenritter Matthew E. , Walther Benjamin D. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe increasing prevalence of hypoxia in aquatic ecosystems emphasizes the need to understand sublethal effects on organisms to anticipate potential changes in population dynamics. Carryover effects of hypoxia exposure during early life stages on lifetime survival and growth performance are rarely known, which leaves major knowledge gaps about the long‐term impacts of sublethal exposures. Geochemical signatures incorporated into fish hard parts can track lifetime hypoxia exposure, thereby allowing sublethal carryover effects across age‐classes to be quantified. We examined the impact of hypoxia exposure on the Atlantic Croaker Micropogonias undulatus, a demersal fish inhabiting the northern Gulf of Mexico, which is one of the largest hypoxic systems in the world. Using an otolith‐based, dual‐proxy (Mn:Ca and Ba:Ca) geochemical method coupled with intracohort comparisons, we assessed changes in the traits of Atlantic Croakers that survived hypoxia exposure during their first year of life. We also investigated whether somatic growth was affected by exposure to sublethal hypoxia during the first year of life. Within three cohorts of Atlantic Croakers, there was no evidence that the otolith‐based traits of survivors changed from one year to the next. Additionally, somatic growth in individuals that had previously experienced sublethal hypoxia during the first year of life and survived was not depressed relative to somatic growth in individuals that did not experience hypoxic conditions. These results indicate that Atlantic Croakers are tolerant to hypoxia experienced during early life and that sublethal carryover effects do not manifest as reductions in survival or growth. Geochemical indicators of hypoxia exposure in fish otoliths can thus provide vital insight into the range of potential sublethal responses by fishes with variable sensitivities to this growing environmental stressor across the world.
Zero-Inflated Regime-Switching Stochastic Differential Equation Models for Highly Unbalanced Multivariate, Multi-Subject Time-Series Data
Authors: Lu Zhao-Hua , Chow Sy-Miin , Ram Nilam , Cole Pamela M. 
Published: March 2019

In the study of human dynamics, the behavior under study is often operationalized by tallying the frequencies and intensities of a collection of lower-order processes. For instance, the higher-order construct of negative affect may be indicated by the occurrence of crying, frowning, and other verbal and nonverbal expressions of distress, fear, anger, and other negative feelings. However, because of idiosyncratic differences in how negative affect is expressed, some of the lower-order processes may be characterized by sparse occurrences in some individuals. To aid the recovery of the true dynamics of a system in cases where there may be an inflation of such “zero responses,” we propose adding a regime (unobserved phase) of “non-occurrence” to a bivariate Ornstein–Uhlenbeck (OU) model to account for the high instances of non-occurrence in some individuals while simultaneously allowing for multivariate dynamic representation of the processes of interest under nonzero responses. The transition between the occurrence (i.e., active) and non-occurrence (i.e., inactive) regimes is represented using a novel latent Markovian transition model with dependencies on latent variables and person-specific covariates to account for inter-individual heterogeneity of the processes. Bayesian estimation and inference are based on Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms implemented using the JAGS software. We demonstrate the utility of the proposed zero-inflated regime-switching OU model to a study of young children’s self-regulation at 36 and 48 months.
A randomized clinical trial to evaluate home‐based assessment of people over 75 years old
Authors: Sano Mary , Zhu Carolyn W. , Kaye Jeffrey , Mundt James C. , Hayes Tamara L. , Ferris Steven , Thomas Ronald G. , Sun Chung‐Kai , Jiang Yanxin , Donohue Michael C. , Schneider Lon S. , Egelko Susan , Aisen Paul S. , Feldman Howard H. ,   for the Alzheimer Disease Cooperative Study Investigators
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntroductionThere is an unmet need for effective methods for conducting dementia prevention trials.MethodsHome‐based assessment study compared feasibility and efficiency, ability to capture change over time using in‐home instruments, and ability to predict cognitive conversion using predefined triggers in a randomized clinical trial in (1) mail‐in questionnaire/live telephone interviews, (2) automated telephone/interactive voice recognition, and (3) internet‐based computer Kiosk technologies. Primary endpoint was defined as cognitive conversion.ResultsAnalysis followed a modified intent‐to‐treat principle. Dropout rates were low and similar across technologies but participants in Kiosk were more likely to dropout earlier. Staff resources needed were higher in Kiosk. In‐home instruments distinguished conversion and stable groups. Cognitively stable group showed improvement in cognitive measures. Triggering was associated with higher likelihood of conversion but statistically significant only in mail‐in questionnaire/live telephone interviews.DiscussionRelatively low efficiency of internet‐based assessment compared with testing by live‐assessors has implications for internet‐based recruitment and assessment efforts currently proposed for diverse populations.
Submental island flap reconstruction for carcinoma of the oral cavity: Experience in 30 cases
Authors: Pradhan Pradeep , Samal Swagatika , Samal Dillip Kumar , Preetam Chappity , Parida Pradipta Kumar 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveThe submental flap can be utilized for soft tissue reconstruction in oral cavity malignancies because due to its close approximation to the surgical site, fewer donor site morbidity and the cost effectiveness of the procedure.MethodsA total of 30 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity were included in the study from July 2012 to August 2015 in a tertiary care referral hospital. Patients with clinical staging I/II/III (T1/T2/T3, N0) oral malignancy were included in the study. Patients with nodal metastasis irrespective of the stage of disease and patients with chronic medical illness/revision cases were excluded from the study. Submental island flap was utilized for the reconstruction of the soft tissue defect in each patient. Patients were followed at monthly interval till 6 months in the postoperative period.ResultsThe buccal mucosa (12 patients), tongue (10 patients) and floor of mouth (8 patients) were the subsites in the oral cavity. Partial and complete skin necrosis was found in 4 and 2 patients respectively. Postoperative chemoradiation was required in 5 patients. None of the patients had loco regional recurrence till 6 months of follow‐up.ConclusionThe submental island flap is considered to be the reliable option for the soft tissue reconstruction in oral cancer because of dependent vascular pedicle, less donor site morbidity and the lower cost compared to the free flaps, often preferred in patients with a lower socioeconomic condition.
Stone Sculpture Wear: Alteration/Fragmentation Processes and Their Impact on Carving Traces of Tenon Heads of Chavín de Huántar, Peru
Authors: González-Ramírez Andrea 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTThe study of the stone sculpture production process is subject to the preservation and visibility of tool traces and surface finishes. In this article it is proposed that the parameters developed in conservation for the diagnosis of surface stone alteration processes can be used as descriptors to isolate the attributes of postproduction conditions and their influence on variation in the appearance of stonework traces. It shows how the application to a case study served to determine the alterations that contribute to the deterioration of carving traces, the selection of the best-preserved areas for recording, and the retrieval of information for increasing the sample number. The results of fracturing patterns caused by a stress sector in the sculpture body are shown. Certain sets of alterations occurred together, either affecting the integrity of the carving groove or increasing the texturing finish of the polished surface.
Simulator-based training for learning resuscitative transesophageal echocardiography
Authors: Chenkin Jordan , Hockmann Edgar , Jelic Tomislav 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTObjectivesTransesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is a relatively new resuscitation tool in the emergency department. Recent studies have demonstrated that it can impact diagnosis and management of critically ill patients. The objective of this study is to determine the effectiveness of a simulation-based curriculum for teaching emergency medicine residents a five-view TEE protocol.MethodsEmergency medicine residents with previous ultrasound experience were invited to attend a 1-hour TEE training session. The training consisted of a didactic lecture followed by guided practice on a simulator. Performance was measured prior to training, after the training session, and by a transfer test 1 to 2 weeks after training. The primary outcome was the percentage of successful image generation using a scoring tool by two blinded reviewers.ResultsTwenty-two residents completed the study. The percentage of successful views increased from 44.5% (SD 27.9) at baseline to 98.6% (SD 3.5) after training (p < 0.001), and was 86.8% (SD 12.1) on transfer testing (p < 0.001).ConclusionA brief simulation-based teaching session was effective for teaching emergency medicine residents a five-view resuscitative TEE protocol. Future studies are needed to determine optimal methods for long-term skill retention.
First come, first served? Birth order effects on child height in South Africa
Authors: Bishwakarma Rajan , Villa Kira M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe examine the birth order effects on health status for a sample of children aged 1–18 years in South Africa. Using a mother fixed-effects specification, we observe children's height-for-agez-score decreases with birth order. We investigate potential mechanisms underlying the birth order effect including those related to biology, parental preferences, and resource dilution. We also look at whether these effects are due to selection into families of different sizes. We find that the magnitude of the effect is larger in poorer and rural households and in larger families – suggesting that the birth order effect is largely due to resource dilution in economically constrained households.
Dissecting the paleocontinental and paleoenvironmental dynamics of the great Ordovician biodiversification
Authors: Franeck Franziska , Liow Lee Hsiang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe Ordovician was a time of drastic biological and geological change. Previous work has suggested that there was a dramatic increase in global diversity during this time, but also has indicated that regional dynamics and dynamics in specific environments might have been different. Here, we contrast two paleocontinents that have different geological histories through the Ordovician, namely Laurentia and Baltica. The first was situated close to the equator throughout the whole Ordovician, while the latter has traversed tens of latitudes during the same time. We predict that Baltica, which was under long-term environmental change, would show greater average and interval-to-interval origination and extinction rates than Laurentia. In addition, we are interested in the role of the environment in which taxa originated, specifically, the patterns of onshore–offshore dynamics of diversification, where onshore and offshore areas represent high-energy and low-energy environments, respectively. Here, we predict that high-energy environments might be more conducive for originations.Our new analyses show that the global Ordovician spike in genus richness from the Dapingian to the Darriwilian Stage resulted from a very high origination rate at the Dapingian/Darriwilian boundary, while the extinction rate remained low. We found substantial interval-to-interval variation in the origination and extinction rates in Baltica and Laurentia, but the probabilities of origination and extinction are somewhat higher in Baltica than Laurentia. Onshore and offshore areas have largely indistinguishable origination and extinction rates, in contradiction to our predictions. The global spike in origination rates at the Dapingian/Darriwilian boundary is apparent in Baltica, Laurentia, and onshore and offshore areas, and abundant variability in diversification rates is apparent over other time intervals for these paleocontinents and paleoenvironments. This observation hints at global mechanisms for the spike in origination rates at the Dapingian/Darriwilian boundary but a domination of more regional and local mechanisms over other time intervals in the Ordovician.
Higher Summability and Discrete Weighted Muckenhoupt and Gehring Type Inequalities
Authors: Saker S. H. , Kubiaczyk I. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we prove some reverse discrete inequalities with weights of Muckenhoupt and Gehring types and use them to prove some higher summability theorems on a higher weighted space $l_{w}^{p}({\open N})$ form summability on the weighted space $l_{w}^{q}({\open N})$ when p>q. The proofs are obtained by employing new discrete weighted Hardy's type inequalities and their converses for non-increasing sequences, which, for completeness, we prove in our special setting. To the best of the authors' knowledge, these higher summability results have not been considered before. Some numerical results will be given for illustration.
Hylemorphism, rigid designators, and the disembodied ‘Jesus’: a call for clarification
Authors: TURNER JAMES T. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMany in the Christian tradition affirm two things: (1) that Jesus Christ descended to Hades/Limbus Patrum on Holy Saturday and (2) that the human nature of Jesus is a hylemorphic compound, the unity of a human soul and prime matter. I argue that (1) and (2) are incompatible; for the name ‘Jesus’, ‘Christ’, and ‘Jesus Christ’ rigidly designates a human being. But, given a certain view of hylemorphism, the human being, Jesus, ceased to exist in the time between his death and resurrection. So, Jesus did not descend to Hades/Limbus Patrum, even if God the Son did.
Effect of local topographic heterogeneity on tree species assembly in an Acacia-dominated African savanna
Authors: Mutuku Paul Musili , Kenfack David 
Published: March 2019

AbstractStand structure and tree species diversity patterns were examined plot-wide and among four topographically defined habitats (plateau, cliff, low plain and depressions) in a 120-ha permanent plot in an Acacia-dominated savanna in Mpala Ranch, central Kenya. The four habitats were defined by clustering the 3000 quadrats of 20 × 20 m in the plot based on their altitude, slope and convexity. Structural and floristic differences among the four habitats were examined and species-habitat associations were tested for the 30 most abundant species using torus translation randomization tests. The plot included 113 337 trees in 62 species with diameter at knee height ≥ 2 cm (18.4 species ha−1), 41 genera and 23 families. Fabaceae with the genus Acacia were the dominant family, followed by Euphorbiaceae and Ebenaceae. Tree density and basal area were twice as high on low plain and depressions than on the plateau. Species richness was highest in the cliff and was seven times higher than in the adjacent plateau. Half of the species assessed showed significant positive associations with one habitat and 21 showed significant negative associations with at least one habitat. The variation in stand structure and tree species diversity within the Mpala plot shows that topography is among the important drivers of local species distribution and hence the maintenance of tree diversity in savannas.
Habitat filtering of six coexistingHeliconiaspecies in a lowland tropical rain forest in Amazonian Ecuador
Authors: Tokarz Elizabeth L. , Álvia Pablo , Valencia Renato , Queenborough Simon A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHerbaceous plants are often under-studied in tropical forests, despite their high density and diversity, and little is known about the factors that influence their distribution at microscales. In a 25-ha plot in lowland Amazonian rain forest in Yasuní National Park, Ecuador, we censused six species ofHeliconia(Heliconiaceae) in a stratified random manner across three topographic habitat types. We observed distribution patterns consistent with habitat filtering. Overall, more individuals occurred in the valley (N = 979) and slope (N = 847) compared with the ridge (N = 571) habitat. At the species level,Heliconia stricta(N = 1135),H.spathocircinata(N = 309) andH.ortotricha(N = 36) all had higher abundance in the valley and slope than ridge. Further,H. vellerigera(N = 20) was completely absent from the ridge. Conversely,H. velutina(N = 903) was most common in the drier ridge habitat. The two most common species (H.strictaandH.velutina) had a reciprocal or negative co-occurrence pattern and occurred preferentially in valley versus ridge habitats. These results suggest that taxa within this family have different adaptations to the wetter valley versus the drier ridge and that habitat partitioning contributes to coexistence.
An apple a day: an outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in Norway associated with self-pressed apple juice
Authors: Robertson L. J. , Temesgen T. T. , Tysnes K. R. , Eikås J. E. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn the autumn of 2018, an outbreak of cryptosporidiosis affected adult employees from the same company in Western Norway. The organism wasCryptosporidium parvum, GP60 subtype IIaA14G1R1. All those infected had drunk from the same container of self-pressed apple juice. Incubation period (1 week) and clinical signs were similar among those infected, although some experienced a more prolonged duration of symptoms (up to 2–3 weeks) than others. The infections resulted after consumption from only one of 40 containers of juice and not from any of the other containers. It seems that althoughCryptosporidiumoocysts were detected in a sample from another container, the contamination did not affect the whole batch. This is perhaps indicative of a restricted contamination event, either from contaminated ground in the orchard, or during collection of the fruit, or during processing. Although outbreaks of food-borne cryptosporidiosis have previously been associated with consumption of contaminated apple juice, most of the more recent outbreaks of food-borne cryptosporidiosis have been associated with salad vegetables or herbs. This outbreak, the first outside USA reported to be associated with apple juice, is a timely reminder that such juice is a suitable transmission vehicle forCryptosporidiumoocysts, and that appropriate hygienic measures are essential in the production of such juice, including artisanal (non-commercial) production.
Quantification Challenges for Atom Probe Tomography of Hydrogen and Deuterium in Zircaloy-4
Authors: Mouton Isabelle , Breen Andrew J. , Wang Siyang , Chang Yanhong , Szczepaniak Agnieszka , Kontis Paraskevas , Stephenson Leigh T. , Raabe Dierk , Herbig M. , Britton T. Ben , Gault Baptiste 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAnalysis and understanding of the role of hydrogen in metals is a significant challenge for the future of materials science, and this is a clear objective of recent work in the atom probe tomography (APT) community. Isotopic marking by deuteration has often been proposed as the preferred route to enable quantification of hydrogen by APT. Zircaloy-4 was charged electrochemically with hydrogen and deuterium under the same conditions to form large hydrides and deuterides. Our results from a Zr hydride and a Zr deuteride highlight the challenges associated with accurate quantification of hydrogen and deuterium, in particular associated with the overlap of peaks at a low mass-to-charge ratio and of hydrogen/deuterium containing molecular ions. We discuss possible ways to ensure that appropriate information is extracted from APT analysis of hydrogen in zirconium alloy systems that are important for nuclear power applications.
Microstructural Characterization of Sulfurization Effects in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin Film Solar Cells
Authors: Aboulfadl Hisham , Keller Jan , Larsen Jes , Thuvander Mattias , Riekehr Lars , Edoff Marika , Platzer-Björkman Charlotte 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSurface sulfurization of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGSe) absorbers is a commonly applied technique to improve the conversion efficiency of the corresponding solar cells, via increasing the bandgap towards the heterojunction. However, the resulting device performance is understood to be highly dependent on the thermodynamic stability of the chalcogenide structure at the upper region of the absorber. The present investigation provides a high-resolution chemical analysis, using energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry and laser-pulsed atom probe tomography, to determine the sulfur incorporation and chemical re-distribution in the absorber material. The post-sulfurization treatment was performed by exposing the CIGSe surface to elemental sulfur vapor for 20 min at 500°C. Two distinct sulfur-rich phases were found at the surface of the absorber exhibiting a layered structure showing In-rich and Ga-rich zones, respectively. Furthermore, sulfur atoms were found to segregate at the absorber grain boundaries showing concentrations up to ~7 at% with traces of diffusion outwards into the grain interior.
LOGARITHMIC COEFFICIENTS PROBLEMS IN FAMILIES RELATED TO STARLIKE AND CONVEX FUNCTIONS
Authors: PONNUSAMY SAMINATHAN , SHARMA NAVNEET LAL , WIRTHS KARL-JOACHIM 
Published: March 2019

Let${\mathcal{S}}$be the family of analytic and univalent functions$f$in the unit disk$\mathbb{D}$with the normalization$f(0)=f^{\prime }(0)-1=0$, and let$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}_{n}(f)=\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}_{n}$denote the logarithmic coefficients of$f\in {\mathcal{S}}$. In this paper we study bounds for the logarithmic coefficients for certain subfamilies of univalent functions. Also, we consider the families${\mathcal{F}}(c)$and${\mathcal{G}}(c)$of functions$f\in {\mathcal{S}}$defined by$$\begin{eqnarray}\text{Re}\biggl(1+{\displaystyle \frac{zf^{\prime \prime }(z)}{f^{\prime }(z)}}\biggr)>1-{\displaystyle \frac{c}{2}}\quad \text{and}\quad \text{Re}\biggl(1+{\displaystyle \frac{zf^{\prime \prime }(z)}{f^{\prime }(z)}}\biggr)<1+{\displaystyle \frac{c}{2}},\quad z\in \mathbb{D},\end{eqnarray}$$for some$c\in (0,3]$and$c\in (0,1]$, respectively. We obtain the sharp upper bound for$|\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}_{n}|$when$n=1,2,3$and$f$belongs to the classes${\mathcal{F}}(c)$and${\mathcal{G}}(c)$, respectively. The paper concludes with the following two conjectures:∙If$f\in {\mathcal{F}}(-1/2)$, then$|\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}_{n}|\leq 1/n(1-(1/2^{n+1}))$for$n\geq 1$, and$$\begin{eqnarray}\mathop{\sum }_{n=1}^{\infty }|\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}_{n}|^{2}\leq {\displaystyle \frac{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}^{2}}{6}}+{\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}}~\text{Li}_{2}\biggl({\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}}\biggr)-\text{Li}_{2}\biggl({\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}}\biggr),\end{eqnarray}$$where$\text{Li}_{2}(x)$denotes the dilogarithm function.∙If$f\in {\mathcal{G}}(c)$, then$|\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}_{n}|\leq c/2n(n+1)$for$n\geq 1$.