bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impaired voice processing in reward and salience circuits predicts social communication in children with autism
Authors: Abrams Daniel Arthur , Padmanabhan Aarthi , Chen Tianwen , Odriozola Paola , Baker Amanda E , Kochalka John , Phillips Jennifer M , Menon Vinod 
Published: February 2019

Engaging with vocal sounds is critical for children’s social-emotional learning, and children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often ‘tune out’ voices in their environment. Little is known regarding the neurobiological basis of voice processing and its link to social impairments in ASD. Here, we perform the first comprehensive brain network analysis of voice processing in children with ASD. We examined neural responses elicited by unfamiliar voices and mother’s voice, a biologically salient voice for social learning, and identified a striking relationship between social communication abilities in children with ASD and activation in key structures of reward and salience processing regions. Functional connectivity between voice-selective and reward regions during voice processing predicted social communication in children with ASD and distinguished them from typically developing children. Results support the Social Motivation Theory of ASD by showing reward system deficits associated with the processing of a critical social stimulus, mother’s voice, in children with ASD.Editorial note: This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that minor issues remain unresolved (<xref ref-type="decision-letter" rid="SA1">see decision letter</xref>).
Laxative Effects of Aqueous Extract of Sida acuta Leaves in Loperamide- Induced Constipation in Wistar Rats
Authors: Chukwuemeka Nweje- Anyalowu Paul , Adejoh Idakwoji Precious , Osafanme Iserhienrhien Lucky , Duniya Sheneni Victor , Boniface Momoh Theophilus 
Published: February 2019

Aim: To investigate the laxative potentials of aqueous leaf extract of Sida acuta in loperamide-induced constipation in Wistar rats.
Methods: Constipation was induced by oral administration of loperamide (3 mg/kg b.wt.). The constipated rats were orally treated daily either with 200, 400, 800 mg/kg body weight per day of the extract or 0.21 mg/kg bisacodyl (reference drug) for 7 days while the normal and constipated control groups received distilled water. The feeding characteristics, body weight, faecal properties and gastrointestinal transit ratio were monitored throughout the study period.
Results: There was significant decrease (p < 0.05) between normal and constipated rats in the number of faecal pellets and water content of faecal pellets while there was no significant changes in the feed/ water intake and body weight of rats .Administration of the graded doses of the extract to the constipated rats significantly and dose- dependently normalized (p < 0.05) the number of faecal pellets/ water content of faecal pellets and gastrointestinal ratio compared to the constipated control.
Conclusion: The aqueous root extract of Sida acuta possesses laxative activity in loperamide- induced constipated rats.
Tolerance and Phenotypic Analysis of Irrigated Rice Genotypes under Iron Toxicity
Authors: Streck Eduardo Anibele , Aguiar Gabriel Almeida , Facchinello Paulo Henrique Karling , Perin Lais , Silva Pedro Ujacov da , Júnior Ariano Martins de Magalhães 
Published: February 2019

Introduction: The development of tolerant rice genotypes is the main tool to minimize the problem caused by the excess of iron in the soil.
Aims: The study aims to evaluate the response of genotypes of the Embrapa breeding program of irrigated rice against iron stress, as well as to envision the relationship of the effect of this disorder on leaf mass production in different phenological phases of the plant.
Study Design: The trial was established in a randomized block design with additional controls, with the plots consisting of four rows 3 m long with 0.20 m spacing between rows.
Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted in the experimental field of Embrapa Temperate Climate Lowlands Station, in a period of nine years, consisting of the harvest of 2006/2007 until 2014/2015.
Methodology: It was evaluated 255 lines along with 4 additional control cultivars with known tolerance levels. The symptoms were evaluated at 40, 70 and 100 days after plant emergence through a visual assessment in the field, based on the standard evaluation system for rice. In addition to the determination of the average toxicity levels of genotypes, the mass was collected, constituted by the dry matter of shoot, for the detection of interrelationships through their correlations.
Results: It was found that 58.82% of the developed irrigated rice lines show good tolerance to toxicity by excess iron. The association of the content of dry matter of shoots and the levels of indirect toxicity of iron showed a significant negative correlation (-0.6848), being that the highest magnitude of negative correlation was at 70 DAE (-0.6161).
Conclusion: There is variability for tolerance to indirect iron toxicity between the irrigated rice genotypes assessed. The breeding program of irrigated rice of Embrapa has been effective in developing genotypes with tolerance by excess iron in the soil over nine years. There is a negative association between the content of dry matter of shoots and the levels of indirect iron toxicity.
Analysis of Fracture Networks of the Black Volta Catchment in Côte D’ivoire
Authors: Kouame Armel. K. , Ta Marc Youan , Lasme O. Zéphir De , Baka Derving , Njeugeut Carine. A. M. , Kouame Fernand K. 
Published: February 2019

A good knowledge of fracturing leads to a better exploitation of the groundwater of the areas in crystalline basement. This study area of interests the catchment of Black Volta area in north eastern Côte d’Ivoire. Its aims to characterize the fracture networks of the catchment of Black Volta. Various methods were used notably mapping using satellite image processing, statistical and geostatistical analysis.
The results showed that fracturing of Black Volta area is dense and homogeneous. Statistical analysis of geometric parameter of the fracturing such as fracture lengths and spacing are distributed respectively according to power law and gamma law. The deployment of the fracturing in this area is organized and the experimental variogram is characterized by two nested elementary structures. The practical ranges of these two elementary variograms are respectively 34, 5 km to 60 km. Results indicate that the fracturing of Black Volta area reached a stage of advanced development and is complex. Fracturing of Black Volta area is now well known and the groundwater modeling can be undertaking.
Pattern Recognition
Authors: Kulkarni Kuldeep , Turaga Pavan , Srivastava Anuj , Chellappa Rama 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this article, we review the past development, current trends, and possible future directions within the broad field of pattern recognition. We consider three main building blocks of pattern recognition systems: feature extraction, dimensionality reduction, and classifier learning. In each case, we discuss both the classical and the contemporary methods. We also provide historical perspectives and present the pros and cons of choices made at each stage of building pattern recognition systems.
Anomaly Detection in Sequential Data: Principles and Case Studies
Authors: Andrade Thiago , Gama João , Ribeiro Rita P. , Sousa Wesllen , Carvalho André 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHumans are frequently looking for patterns and uniformity to support their choices and decisions. Whatever falls outside the expected can be said to be an anomaly. However, in many practical situations, the presence of anomalies can provide valuable insights, which can point out useful novelties. Thus, in predictive maintenance, for example, anomaly detection is useful to predict equipment failures and prevent losses at technical and financial levels. Most modern equipment has logging systems that allow to collect a high diversity of data regarding the equipment operation and working conditions. One such case is about several human activities. In both applications, looking for anomalies is a relevant task. The large amount of data, collected during a long period of time, makes the analysis by humans unfeasible. Data mining techniques can automatically extract models for anomaly and novelty detection from these data. These techniques, when used in predictive systems, are able to detect anomalies and issue an alert before they start, avoiding interruptions and breakdowns. After briefly describing the main aspects of anomaly detection and the most popular approaches and techniques, this article presents an overview of the main anomaly detection techniques used for predictive maintenance.
Resonant Cavity Antennas
Authors: Hashmi Raheel M. , Esselle Karu P. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis article introduces resonant cavity antennas (RCAs) and leads the reader to develop an operational understanding of the design processes and considerations related to various types of RCAs. RCAs are a class of medium‐to‐high gain antennas, often having a single excitation location (as opposed to antenna arrays) and a simple configuration. These are a convenient alternative to antenna arrays and reflector antennas in space‐constrained applications where robustness, performance, and aesthetic appeal are equally important. The article discusses recent research results and trends particularly focusing on advances that have the potential to yield practical advantages, such as compactness, low profile, and high efficiency. The article reviews progress on gain bandwidth enhancement, achieving high aperture efficiency, multiband operation, and methods for aperture phase correction in RCAs.
Delay‐Tolerant Networks
Authors: Francesco De Pellegrini 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDelay Tolerant Networks (DTNs) have appeared in the context of space explorations and are engineered in order to solve the problem of intermittent connectivity. In this article, we revise the main lines of research in DTN, covering the evolution of the DTN domain towards mobile ad hoc networks, social network analysis and performance evaluation.
Systematic Review of Economic Evaluations of Cycling Versus Swapping Medications in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis After Failure to Respond to Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors
Authors: Karpes Matusevich Aliza R. , Suarez‐Almazor María E. , Cantor Scott B. , Lal Lincy S. , Swint J. Michael , Lopez‐Olivo Maria A. 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveTo systematically review the modeling approaches and quality of economic analyses comparing cycling tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) to swapping to a therapy with a different mode of action in patients with rheumatoid arthritis whose initial TNFi failed.MethodsWe searched electronic databases, gray literature, and references of included publications until July 2017. Two reviewers independently screened citations. Reporting quality was assessed using the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) statement. Data regarding modeling methodology were extracted.ResultsWe included 7 articles comprising 19 comparisons. Three studies scored ≥16 of 24 on the CHEERS checklist. Most models used a lifetime horizon, took a payer perspective, employed a 6‐month cycle length, and measured treatment efficacy in terms of the American College of Rheumatology improvement criteria. We noted possible sources of bias in terms of transparency and study sponsorship. In the cost‐utility comparisons, the median incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio was US $70,332 per quality‐adjusted life‐year for swapping versus cycling strategies. Rituximab was more effective and less expensive than TNFi in 7 of 11 comparisons. Abatacept (intravenous) compared to TNFi was less cost‐effective than rituximab. Common influential parameters in sensitivity analyses were the rituximab dosing schedule, assumptions regarding disease progression, and the estimation of utilities.ConclusionDifferences in the design, key assumptions, and model structure chosen had a major impact on the individual study conclusions. Despite the existence of multiple reporting standards, there continues to be a need for more uniformity in the methodology reported in economic evaluations of cycling versus swapping strategies after TNFi in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
In Vivo Toxicity Assessment of Hybrid Diatomite Nanovectors Using Hydra vulgaris as a Model System
Authors: Terracciano Monica , De Stefano Luca , Tortiglione Claudia , Tino Angela , Rea Ilaria 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDrug nanocarriers based on nanostructured materials are very promising for precision and personalized medicine applications. Diatomite porous biosilica has been recently proposed as a novel and effective material in formulations of drug systems for oral and systemic delivery. In this paper, the cytotoxicity of hybrid diatomite silica functionalized nanovectors is assessed in vivo in a living model organism, the cnidarian freshwater polyp Hydra vulgaris. Hydra specimens are exposed to modified diatomite nanoparticles by prolonged incubation within their medium. Uptake and toxicological effects on Hydra are examined from viability and genetic points of view. High concentrations, up to 3.5 g L−1 for 72 h, of diatomite modified nanoparticles do not affect Hydra morphology nor do growth rate and the genetic analysis confirm the biosafety of this material, opening the way to new applications in nanomedicine.
Bismuth Doping–Induced Stable Seebeck Effect Based on MAPbI3 Polycrystalline Thin Films
Authors: Xiong Yan , Xu Ling , Wu Ping , Sun Lin , Xie Guo , Hu Bin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this article, the thermoelectric properties of a Bi‐doped CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) perovskite thin film are studied. Bi‐doped MAPbI3 thin film samples are fabricated, and it is found that Bi doping could greatly enhance the stability and thermoelectric properties of MAPbI3. The Bi dopant located at the grain boundaries to modify the carrier channel near grain boundaries, which is observed via scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, efficiently reduces ion migration and facilitates charge transport. In addition, the Bi dopant can also passivate the defects in bulk MAPbI3, increasing the polarization effect of MAPbI3 which is demonstrated by the capacitance‐frequency measurement, thus greatly enhancing the mobility of Bi‐doped MAPbI3. In addition, Bi‐doped MAPbI3 leads to grain size reduction; the small size effect not only effectively hinders the MAPbI3's crystal phase transition from the tetragonal phase to the cubic phase, but it could also make the structure of MAPbI3 more stable. Especially, the Seebeck voltage variation of Bi‐doped perovskite was less than that of the undoped one, meaning Bi doping would lead to a much more stable state in MAPbI3 thin films. The results show that Bi‐doped MAPbI3 is a promising approach to develop high stable thermoelectric and photovoltaic properties in organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite materials.
Prolonging Ultralong Organic Phosphorescence Lifetime to 2.5 s through Confining Rotation in Molecular Rotor
Authors: Li Mengping , Ling Kun , Shi Huifang , Gan Nan , Song Lulu , Cai Suzhi , Cheng Zhichao , Gu Long , Wang Xuan , Ma Chaoqun , Gu Mingxing , Wu Qi , Bian Lifang , Liu Mingli , An Zhongfu , Ma Huili , Huang Wei 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDeveloping ultralong organic phosphorescence (UOP) materials has become a growing concern. To date, it remains a formidable challenge to prolong the lifetime of ultralong phosphorescence under ambient conditions. A series of fluoro‐substituted phenylboronic acid derivatives with UOP feature under ambient conditions is reported here. The UOP lifetime of 2,4‐difluorophenylboronic acid (24FBP) crystal is up to 2.50 s, which is the longest emission lifetime among the reported single‐component pure organic phosphors. Combining the experimental and theoretical study, upon stabilization of triplet excitons by H‐aggregation, it is reasoned that rotation confinement in molecular rotors plays a critical role in prolonging the UOP lifetime. Given the feature of ultralong luminescence, 24FBP phosphor is successfully applied to anticounterfeiting. This result will pave the way toward tuning the UOP lifetime and expanding the scope of metal‐free organic phosphorescent materials with ultralong luminescence and their applications.
Efficient Plasmonic Au/CdSe Nanodumbbell for Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Generation beyond Visible Region
Authors: Wang Hongzhi , Gao Yuying , Liu Jia , Li Xinyuan , Ji Muwei , Zhang Erhuan , Cheng Xiaoyan , Xu Meng , Liu Jiajia , Rong Hongpan , Chen Wenxing , Fan Fengtao , Li Can , Zhang Jiatao 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this communication, light harvesting and photoelectrochemical (PEC) hydrogen generation beyond the visible region are realized by an anisotropic plasmonic metal/semiconductor hybrid photocatalyst with precise control of their topology and heterointerface. Controlling the intended configuration of the photocatalytic semiconductor to anisotropic Au nanorods' plasmonic hot spots, through a water phase cation exchange strategy, the site‐selective overgrowth of a CdSe shell evolving from a core/shell to a nanodumbbell is realized successfully. Using this strategy, tip‐preferred efficient photoinduced electron/hole separation and plasmon enhancement can be realized. Thus, the PEC hydrogen generation activity of the Au/CdSe nanodumbbell is 45.29 µmol cm−2 h−1 (nearly 4 times than the core/shell structure) beyond vis (λ > 700 nm) illumination and exhibits a high faradic efficiency of 96% and excellent stability with a constant photocurrent for 5 days. Using surface photovoltage microscopy, it is further demonstrated that the efficient plasmonic hot charge spatial separation, which hot electrons can inject into CdSe semiconductors, leads to excellent performance in the Au/CdSe nanodumbbell.
An Emergency Medicine Remediation Consult Service: Access to Expert Remediation Advice and Resources
Authors: Egan Daniel J. , Gentges Joshua , Regan Linda , Smith Jessica L. , Williamson Kelly , Murano Tiffany 
Published: February 2019

AbstractResident remediation is a complex and common issue in emergency medicine programs and requires a specific knowledge base. The Remediation Task Force (RTF) of the Council of Residency Directors in Emergency Medicine (CORD‐EM) was created to identify remediation best practices and to develop tools for program directors. Initially housed on a Wiki page, and now located within the CORD‐EM website, the RTF provides resources including accepted universal language for documentation and sample remediation plans. The RTF also created a remediation consult service composed of experienced educators to provide real‐time structured feedback and advice to submitted remediation scenarios with consultation outcomes and conclusions uploaded to the website. CORD‐EM members now have easy access to online resources and expert advice for remediation queries through the consult service. The combination of online resources and access to real‐time expert advice is an innovative approach to improving resident remediation and recognizing best practices.
Optimization‐based identification of CO2 capture and utilization processing paths for life cycle greenhouse gas reduction and economic benefits
Authors: Roh Kosan , Al‐Hunaidy Ali S. , Imran Hasan , Lee Jay H. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper introduces a mathematical formulation to identify promising CO2 capture and utilization (CCU) processing paths and assess their production rates by solving an optimization problem. The problem is cast as a multi‐objective one by simultaneously maximizing a net profit and life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction. Three case studies are illustrated using an exemplary CCU processing network. The results indicate the optimal solution is greatly influenced by the scale of CO2 emission source, market demand, and hydrogen availability. Moreover, with the current system of measuring the GHG reduction regarding a business‐as‐usual level, if the aim is to achieve a GHG reduction within a national boundary, the question of whether CCU plants producing a product of same functionality through conventional means, which the CO2‐based product can replace, exists in the country can come into consideration. This systematic identification will assist decision‐making regarding future R&D investment and construction of large‐scale CCU plants.
Stem succulence controls flower and fruit production but not stem growth in the desert shrub ocotillo (Fouquieria splendens)
Authors: Killingbeck Keith T. 
Published: February 2019

Premise of the StudyThe C3 desert shrub ocotillo (Fouquieria splendens) completely lacks xeromorphic leaves but is uncommonly both stem succulent and repetitively drought deciduous (documented to have produced many foliation–defoliation cycles during a growing season). Both adaptations conserve water in this xerophyte, but are the roles of succulence and deciduousness merely redundant? The observation that year‐to‐year reproductive effort was relatively consistent while vegetative growth was not offered a critical clue that, coupled with long‐term precipitation data, helped answer this question.MethodsAt two sites in the Chihuahuan Desert in southern New Mexico, United States, 22 ocotillos were studied annually for more than two decades to explore the relationships among reproductive effort, vegetative stem growth, and patterns of precipitation.Key ResultsVegetative stem growth occurred in mid‐ to late summer (July–September), the season of maximum precipitation in the Chihuahuan Desert, and was significantly related to summer precipitation received in the year of growth. Reproductive effort occurred in early to late spring (April–June), which with winter account for minimum precipitation during the year, but was significantly related to summer precipitation received in the previous year, suggesting the importance of stem succulence and stored water.ConclusionsWhile highly variable summer precipitation was responsible for enormous fluctuations in annual ocotillo stem growth, stem succulence insulated reproductive effort from such immense variability. Stem‐stored water allowed the production of flowers and fruits to proceed relatively consistently during the driest years and during the driest time of year in the Chihuahuan Desert.