bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dentin Bond Strength of Composites with Self-etching Adhesives Using LED Curing Lights
Authors: Korkmaz Yonca , Attar Nuray 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aim
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of light-emitting diode (LED) light curing units (LCUs) compared with halogen LCUs on the shear bond strength (SBS) of one nanofill composite (Filtek Supreme) and one microhibrid composite (Artemis) with self-etch adhesives.

Methods and Materials
The buccal surfaces of 60 non-carious extracted human molars were flattened to expose dentin and, subsequently, polished for 60 seconds with 600-grit wet silicon carbide abrasive paper. Specimens were assigned into six groups (n=10) according to composite material, self-etch adhesive, and curing light used as follows: Group 1: Adper Prompt L-Pop (AP) and Filtek Supreme (FS) using an Elipar Free Light (EFL); Group 2: AP and FS using an Elipar Free Light 2 (EFL2); Group 3: AP and FS using a Hilux Expert (HE) light, Group 4: AdheSE (AS)+Artemis (AR) using an EFL; Group 5: AS+AR using an EFL2; and Group 6: AS+AR using a HE light. The specimens were thermocycled for 500 cycles (5°C–55°C) and then loaded to failure in a Zwick universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 5 mm/minute. SBS values were calculated as megapascals (MPa) and statistically analyzed using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test at a significance level of 0.05.

Results
Mean SBS (± standard deviations) values were as follows: Group1: 15.99±5.18; Group 2: 18.76±6.71; Group 3: 17.70±5.04; Group 4: 16.93±3.99; Group 5: 18.01±5.19, and Group 6: 17.46±5.40. There were no statistically significant differences for SBS to dentin among the groups tested.

Conclusion
The LED curing lights used in the study seem to be comparable with the halogen curing light for nanofill and microhybrid composites used in conjunction with self-etching systems in dentin. The EFL2 reduces curing time, which can be considered as an advantage.

Citation
Korkmaz Y, Attar N. Dentin Bond Strength of Composites with Self-etching Adhesives Using LED Curing Lights. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007 July;(8)5:034-042.
Smokers’ Melanosis in a Nigerian Population: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Nwhator Solomon O. , Winfunke-Savage Kofo , Ayanbadejo Patricia , Jeboda Sunny O. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aim
Terms relating to pigmentation of the oral mucosa include physiologic (racial) pigmentation, oral pigmented nevi, oral melanotic maculae, melanoma, and smokers’ melanosis. The literature is replete with studies about oral mucosal pigmentation which is thought to result from melanin incontinence. The documented etiological factors are both local and systemic and include hormones, drugs, smoking, and idiopathic causes. This study investigated the prevalence of melanosis among Nigerian smokers and controls who were non-smokers.

Methods and Materials
A total of 1270 sites were examined in 253 subjects consisting of 60 smokers and 193 non-smokers. They were all systemically healthy adults drawn from 12 factories located in different urban and rural settings in the state of Lagos in Nigeria. Five oral mucosal sites were examined per subject. A single examiner performed all examinations and recorded all findings. Pigmentation was scored either as “present” or “absent.” Subjects’ smoking status, degree, and duration of smoking were ascertained and recorded using an examiner-administered questionnaire.

Results
There were five pigmented sites (0.52%) among non-smokers and 18 (6%) among smokers. The buccal mucosa was the most frequently pigmented site found in smokers while the lingual mucosa was the most common site found for non-smokers. The prevalence of pigmented sites increased directly among smokers with the duration of smoking (years); degree of smoking (cigarettes smoked per day); and smoking pack-years (degree of smoking divided by 20 and multiplied by duration of smoking, where 20 is the average number of cigarettes in a pack of cigarettes). SPSS version 11.0 was used for data entry and analysis. Frequency distributions were generated for all categorical variables for descriptive aspects of the analysis. Means were determined for quantitative variables such as age and number of cigarettes smoked. For homogenous variances, the student's t test was used for quantitative variables between smokers and nonsmokers, while for non-homogenous variances the Mann-Whitney test was adopted. Chi-square statistic was used for comparisons between smokers and non-smokers. In tables with low expected frequencies, Fisher's exact test was adopted. Statistical tests yielding p-values =/<0.5 were considered significant.

Conclusions
Smokers in this study had a significantly higher prevalence of pigmented oral mucosal sites (melanosis) than non-smokers. The number of pigmented sites increased with the degree and duration of smoking. The buccal mucosa was the most frequently pigmented site found among the smokers in this study.

Citation
Nwhator SO, Winfunke-Savage K, Ayanbadejo P, Jeboda SO. Smokers’ Melanosis in a Nigerian Population: A Preliminary Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007 July;(8)5:068-075.
Effect of Light Curing Units on Marginal Adaptation and Hardness of Class II Composite Resin Restorations
Authors: Cavalcante Larissa Maria , Peris Alessandra Resende , Pimenta Luiz André Freire , Silikas Nick 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aims
The aim of this study was to test the influence of different curing protocols on dentin marginal adaptation and the hardness of two composites.

Methods and Materials
Three light-curing-units (LCUs): Quartz-Tungsten-Halogen (QTH: 541mW/cm2), Argon-Ion-Laser (AL: 277mW/cm2), and Plasma-Arc-Curing (PAC: 1818mW/cm2) and two composites FiltekZ250 (F) and Tetric Ceram HB (TC) were tested. Sixty standardized “vertical-slot-Class II-cavities” were prepared at the mesial surface of bovine incisors and divided into six groups (n=10). Composites were placed using the Single Bond adhesive system and cured in 2 mm increments according to the manufacturers’ instructions. After polishing, epoxy replicas were processed for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) marginal adaptation analysis at 500x magnification. The specimens were then sectioned transversally to the dental long axis, embedded in polyester resin, then polished and submitted to the Knoop hardness test at gingival and occlusal portions of the restoration. Data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test (p=0.05).

Results
The gap margins ranged between 4.3 to 5.8 μm, and no statistically significant differences were revealed in marginal adaptation for LCUs or for composites (p>0.05). Location influenced hardness (p≤0.01). The occlusal portion presented significantly higher KHN than the gingival portion for all composite-LCU combinations. Regardless of the LCU used, TC produced statistically significant lower hardness values (ranging between 82.8 to 110.7 KHN) than F (ranging between 105.9 to 117.3 KHN).

Conclusions
Hardness and gap formation were not dependent on the LCUs tested in this study. Different resin composite was found to be a significant factor with regards to hardness but not gap formation.

Citation
Cavalcante LM, Peris AR, Silikas N, Pimenta LAF. Effect of Light Curing Units on Marginal Adaptation and Hardness of Class II Composite Resin Restorations. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007 November; (8)7:038-045.
Root and Canal Morphology of Maxillary First Premolars in a Saudi Population
Authors: Atieh Momen A. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aim
The aim of this study was to determine the root and canal morphology of maxillary first premolars collected from an indigenous Saudi population.

Methods and Materials
A total of 246 extracted teeth were collected and washed immediately after extraction then stored in 10% formalin solution. The teeth were debrided then dehydrated with ascending concentrations of alcohol and cleared by immersion in methyl salicylate. Visual and radiographic examinations were done to determine the number of roots and canals, and the teeth were transversely sectioned to examine the internal anatomy.

Results
Forty-four teeth (17.9%) had one root, 199 (80.9%) had two roots, and three (1.2%) had three roots. The incidence of Type I canals (one canal) was 8.9% (22 teeth), 89.8% (221 teeth) had two canals (Type II and III), and 1.2% (three teeth) had three canals (Type IV).

Conclusion
This study showed a high incidence of two-rooted and two-canal maxillary first premolars in Saudis. Clinicians should be aware of the different variations in root morphology and canal configuration when performing an endodontic treatment.

Citation
Atieh MA. Root and Canal Morphology of Maxillary First Premolars in a Saudi Population. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 January; (9)1:046-053.
Epilepsy and the Dental Management of the Epileptic Patient
Authors: Jacobsen Peter L. , Eden Oleksandra 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aim
The aim of this article is to educate oral healthcare providers on the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy and seizure disorders. It also shows the impact of epilepsy on the oral cavity and provides suggestions on the dental management of epileptic patients.

Review
Epilepsy and seizure disorders affect 1.5 million Americans. The disease is caused by a number of genetic, physiologic, and infectious disorders as well as trauma. Treatment is primarily pharmaceutical but can also be surgical. The disease itself and the pharmaceutical management often have an impact on the oral cavity. Primary management considerations are the provision of good periodontal care and the restoration of the teeth with stable, strong restorations.

Conclusions
With proper understanding of patients with epilepsy and seizure disorders and their medical treatment, the dental care team can safely and effectively render dental care that will benefit the patient and minimize the risk of oral health problems in the future.

Citation
Jacobsen PL, Eden O. Epilepsy and the Dental Management of the Epileptic Patient. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 January; (9)1:054-062.
Oral Adverse Effects Due to the Use of Nevirapine
Authors: Moura Mariela Dutra Gontijo , Senna Maria Inés Barreiros , Madureira Davidson Fróis , Fonseca Linaena Méricy Silva , Mesquita Ricardo Alves 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aim
The aim of this article is to present the clinical characteristics and management of an oral adverse effect stemming from the use of the antiretroviral medication Nevirapine (NVP).

Background
NVP is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in the treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection.

Case Report
A 29-year-old black man, HIV-infected since 1996, began highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) with zidovudine, lamivudine, and indinavir. From 1996 to 2002 several medications were changed due to their adverse effects: indinavir (renal colic and fever), nelfinavir (cutaneous rash), and efavirenz (nausea and temporary memory loss). When the patient presented to our service he was taking NVP, zidovudine, and lamivudine. A whitish plaque in the lips and bilateral buccal mucosa, burning, taste disturbance, and xerostomia were observed. The discontinuation of HAART led to the complete resolution of signs and symptoms. The patient has received follow-up treatment for three years and five months without local or systemic effects observed.

Summary
Unfortunately, the clinical features of the oral adverse effect from NVP are not well known. This paper contributed to the identification of possible reactions in the oral cavity due to antiretroviral medication.
Although HAART is very important in the treatment of HIV, its side effects are responsible for patients’ nonadherence to medications. While more studies are needed to better understand the mechanism of action after suspending HAART, the complete resolution of the signs and symptoms was observed. Therefore, physicians and dentists alike must understand how to identify and prevent these adverse effects in order to further improve HIV patient treatments.

Citation
Moura MGD, Senna MIB, Madureira DF, Fonseca LMS, Mesquita RA. Oral Adverse Effects Due to the Use of Nevirapine. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 January; (9)1:084-090.
Evaluation of the Clinical Behavior of Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cement on Primary Molars: A Comparative One-year Study
Authors: Prabhaker A. R. , Raju O. S. , Kurthukoti Ameet J. , Satish V. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aim
The objectives of the present study were to evaluate and compare the clinical behavior of resin modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) on primary molars with conventional and modified cavity preparations.

Methods and Materials
Forty-two children, 5-9 years of age, having bilateral initial occlusal caries on the mandibular primary second molars were selected for the study. A split mouth design was employed where conventional Class I cavities with a 90° cavosurface angle were prepared randomly on primary second molars on one side and modified cavities with a 1 mm straight bevel along the cavosurface margin on the contra-lateral side. These cavities were restored with RMGIC. The restorations were evaluated during subsequent visits, for a period of one year.

Results
At the end of one year, 90% of the restorations survived in the conventional cavity group whereas 100% of the restorations survived in the modified cavity group.

Conclusion
Incorporation of a bevel in Class I cavities increases the survival rate of RMGIC restorations. There was no significant difference in the clinical behavior between the two groups. However, beveling does contribute to long term clinical success of these restorations.

Clinical Significance
Incorporation of a straight bevel in conventional cavities will improve the retention of RMGIC by increasing the bonding area and enhancing the desired properties of the material.

Citation
Prabhakar AR, Raju OS, Kurthukoti AJ, Satish V. Evaluation of the Clinical Behavior of Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cement on Primary Molars: A Comparative One-year Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 February;(9)2:130-137.
Evaluating the Effect of a Sloping Shoulder and a Shoulder Bevel on the Marginal Integrity of Porcelain-Fused-to-Metal (PFM) Veneer Crowns
Authors: Jalalian Ezzatollah , Jannati Hamed , Mirzaei Maryam 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimA porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) veneer crown restoration is considered successful when biological, mechanical, and esthetical concerns are satisfied. Restorations with poor marginal integrity may contribute to the cause of severe caries and periodontal defects. The most important factor in achieving successful marginal integrity is preparation design. Although a sloping shoulder preparation offers biologic and esthetic advantages over a shoulder bevel, a comparison of the marginal integrity of these two designs is less clear and is the main focus of this study.Methods and MaterialsThis study was based on the analysis of 40 PFM veneer specimens fabricated on 20 stone dies. Each die had a beveled shoulder on one side of the preparation and a sloping shoulder design on the other. All specimens were selected and managed in an identical manner throughout the entire experimental process. All specimens were fabricated on stone dies made from a standard stainless steel die with the two shoulder designs in the preparation. Marginal integrity of the PFM veneers was evaluated using a scanning electron microscope to measure the gap between the restoration and tooth margin. The data were analyzed using the Student t-test at a significance level of p>0.05.ResultsAn average amount of gap (± SD) for the test groups were as follows: shoulder bevel, 40.78±18.4 microns; sloping shoulder, 52.8±27.4 microns (p>0.05). All the data were within acceptable clinical range and no significant difference between two preparation designs were observed.ConclusionsWithin the limitations of this study the marginal integrity of both preparation designs were found to be similar. Since the sloping shoulder design offers biological and esthetical advantages over the shoulder bevel, its use is indicated for anterior restorations.CitationJalalian E, Jannati H, Mirzaei M. Evaluating the Effect of a Sloping Shoulder and a Shoulder Bevel on the Marginal Integrity of Porcelain-Fused-to-Metal (PFM) Veneer Crowns. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 February;(9)2:017-024.
Comparison of the Heat Generation of Light Curing Units
Authors: Bağiş Bora , Bagis Yildirim , Ertas Ertan , Ustaomer Seda 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the heat generation of three different types of light curing units.Methods and MaterialsTemperature increases were recorded from a distance of 1 mm from a thermocouple to the tip of three different types of light curing units including one quartz-tungsten halogen (QTH), one plasma arc (PAC), and one light emitting diode (LED) unit. An experimental model was designed to fix the 1 mm distance between the tip of the light curing units and the thermocouple wire. Temperature changes were recorded in 10 second intervals up to 40 seconds. (10, 20, 30, and 40 seconds). Temperature measurements were repeated three times for every light curing unit after a one hour standby period. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Bonferroni Test.ResultsThe highest temperature rises (54.4±1.65°C) occurred during activation of a PAC light curing unit for every test period (p<.05). The least temperature increase (11.8±1.3°C) occurred with a LED curing unit for each tested period except for the measurement of the temperature rise using the QTH curing unit at the tenth second interval (p<.05).ConclusionThese results indicate the choice of light activation unit and curing time is important when polymerizing light activated resin based restorations to avoid any thermal damage to the pulp.CitationBagis B, Bagis Y, Ertas E, Ustaomer S. Comparison of the Heat Generation of Light Curing Units. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 February;(9)2:065-072.
The Effect of Different Adhesive Systems on the Retention Strength of Bonded Amalgam Restorations
Authors: Moosavi Horieh , Ghavamnasiri Marjaneh 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aim
The aim of this study was to evaluate the bond strength of bonded amalgam to dentin when unfilled and filled adhesive systems are employed using different application modes and to compare the adhesives with a cavity varnish and unlined restorations.

Methods and Materials
One hundred twenty sound third human molar teeth were used in the study. A cylindrical cavity 3.3 mm in diameter was prepared in a cross section of dentin approximately 3.0 mm in thickness. The specimens were divided into six experimental groups (n=20) according to the cavity liner used in the prepared cylindrical cavity: One Coat Bond™ (O), Scotchbond Multi-Purpose™(S), Panavia 21™ (Pa), PQ1™ (P), Copalite™ (C), and the unlined (U) group which served as the control group. Cavity surfaces were treated with the assigned adhesive/liner according to manufacturer's instructions then restored with amalgam. After storage in saline solution for seven days at 370C, the specimens were subjected to a push-out test at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. The mode of failure was assessed by microscopic analysis of the fracture sites. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan Multiple range tests (α=0.05).

Results
No significant difference in amalgam-dentin bond strength was found among O (23.47 MPa), S (21.02 MPa), and Pa (20.06 MPa) adhesive groups, but there was a significant difference between each of these groups and the P and C groups. The U group exhibited significantly lower retention than the other groups (P<0.05).

Conclusion
Different bond strengths were observed with the different types of dentin bonding agents and liners employed. The lowest bond strength was seen in the U group.

Clinical Significance
A statistically significant difference in bond strength was observed with O, S, and Pa compared to P, but this finding is not sufficient to rely on the bonding of amalgam to dentin, particularly in complex amalgam restorations.

Citation
Ghavamnasiri M, Moosavi H. The Effect of Different Adhesive Systems on the Retention Strength of Bonded Amalgam Restorations. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 February;(9)2:097-104.
Regional Odontodysplasia: Report of a Case in the Mandible Crossing the Midline
Authors: Volpoto Luiz , Botelho Giberto , Casela Luiz , Borges Álvaro , Silva Katia 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aim
This report presents an unusual case of regional odontodysplasia (RO) in the mandible which crosses the midline along with its clinical management.

Background
RO is an uncommon, nonhereditary unilateral developmental anomaly involving the dental hard tissues, most frequently affecting the maxillary teeth.

Report
RO was diagnosed in a 12-year-old. The dysplastic teeth were the mandibular canines, lateral incisors, central incisors, and the right premolars. The treatment was extraction of the affected teeth followed by provisory prosthetic rehabilitation.

Summary
The etiology of RO remains obscure. In this case a possible association with pre-natal trauma is suspected. The literature is not unanimous as to the management of RO. Nevertheless, the presence of a dental abscess is an indication for extraction. Since general bone quality is not affected, a provisory prosthesis was fabricated as the patient waits for future implant rehabilitation. The executed treatment met the expectations of the patient and her mother as it improved the patient's masticatory function, esthetics, and quality of life.

Clinical Significance
The general practitioner must be prepared to deal with different situations in the dental office. The diagnosis of RO relies mainly on clinical and radiographic findings, and its treatment depends on the affected teeth, the severity of the dysplasia, the presence of infection, and the patient's age.

Citation
Volpato L, Botelho G, Casela L, Borges Á, Silva K. Regional Odontodysplasia: Report of a Case in the Mandible Crossing the Midline. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 March; (9)3:142-148.
Human Histologic Evaluation of a Six-year-old Threaded Implant Retrieved from a Subject with Osteoporosis
Authors: Piattelli Adriano , Shibli Jamil A. , de Melo Leandro , Lezzi Giovanna , d'Avila Susana , Zenóbio Elton Gonçaives 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aim
The aim of this case report was to present the evaluation of the bone-to-implant contact in an implant retrieved from a subject with osteoporosis after six years of load.

Background
Systemic conditions associated with osteoporosis have been postulated to contribute to the severity of alveolar bone loss. The increase in human life expectancy, the increased number of elderly subjects who are partially or totally edentulous, and the use of dental implants for oral habilitation in subjects with osteoporosis has raised several questions.

Report
A 68-year-old woman with postmenopausal osteoporosis received a prosthetic evaluation of an implant-supported restoration. Histologically, the peri-implant bone appeared healthy. The peri-implant bone appeared in close contact with the implant surface, whereas marrow spaces could be detected in other areas along with prominently stained cement lines. The mean of bone-to-implant contact was 62.51±1.96.

Conclusion
The results of the evaluation of the dental implant reported here suggest the presence of osteoporosis may not be a contra-indication for implant placement at least after osseointegration has already been established.

Citation
de Melo L, Piattelli A, Lezzi G, d'Avila S, Zenóbio EG, Shibli JA. Human Histologic Evaluation of a Six-year-old Threaded Implant Retrieved from a Subject with Osteoporosis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 March; (9)3:099-105.