bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time to Endovascular Treatment and Outcome in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Mulder Maxim J.H.L. , Jansen Ivo G.H. , Goldhoorn Robert-Jan B. , Venema Esmee , Chalos Vicky , Compagne Kars C.J. , Roozenbeek Bob , Lingsma Hester F. , Schonewille Wouter J. , van den Wijngaard Ido R. , Boiten Jelis , Albert Vos Jan , Roos Yvo B.W.EM. , van Oostenbrugge Robert J. , van Zwam Wim H. , Majoie Charles B.L.M. , van der Lugt Aad , Dippel Diederik W.J. ,   for the MR CLEAN Registry Investigators
Published: March 2018

Background:
Randomized, clinical trials in selected acute ischemic stroke patients reported that for every hour delay of endovascular treatment (EVT), chances of functional independence diminish by up to 3.4%. These findings may not be fully generalizable to clinical practice because of strict in- and exclusion criteria in these trials. Therefore, we aim to assess the association of time to EVT with functional outcome in current, everyday clinical practice.

Methods:
The MR CLEAN Registry (Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke in The Netherlands) is an ongoing, prospective, observational study in all centers that perform EVT in The Netherlands. Data were analyzed from patients treated between March 2014 and June 2016. In the primary analysis we assessed the association of time from stroke onset to start of EVT and time from stroke onset to successful reperfusion with functional outcome (measured with the modified Rankin Scale), by means of ordinal logistic regression.

Results:
We analyzed 1488 patients with acute ischemic stroke who underwent EVT. An increased time to start of EVT was associated with worse functional outcome (adjusted common odds ratio, 0.83 per hour; 95% confidence interval, 0.77–0.89) and a 2.2% increase in mortality. Every hour increase from stroke onset to EVT start resulted in a 5.3% decreased probability of functional independence (modified Rankin Scale, 0–2). In the 742 patients with successful reperfusion, every hour increase from stroke onset to reperfusion was associated with a 7.7% decreased probability of functional independence.

Conclusions:
Time to EVT for acute ischemic stroke in current clinical practice is strongly associated with functional outcome. Our data suggest that this association might be even stronger than previously suggested in reports on more selected patient populations from randomized, controlled trials. These findings emphasize that functional outcome of EVT patients can be greatly improved by shortening onset to treatment times.
Device Therapies Among Patients Receiving Primary Prevention Implantable Cardioverter‐Defibrillators in the Cardiovascular Research Network
Authors: Greenlee Robert T. , Go Alan S. , Peterson Pamela N. , Cassidy‐Bushrow Andrea E. , Gaber Charles , Garcia‐Montilla Romel , Glenn Karen A. , Gupta Nigel , Gurwitz Jerry H. , Hammill Stephen C. , Hayes John J. , Kadish Alan , Magid David J. , McManus David D. , Multerer Deborah , Powers J. David , Reifler Liza M. , Reynolds Kristi , Schuger Claudio , Sharma Param P. , Smith David H. , Suits Mary , Sung Sue Hee , Varosy Paul D. , Vidaillet Humberto J. , Masoudi Frederick A. 
Published: March 2018

Background
Primary prevention implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators (ICDs) reduce mortality in selected patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction by delivering therapies (antitachycardia pacing or shocks) to terminate potentially lethal arrhythmias; inappropriate therapies also occur. We assessed device therapies among adults receiving primary prevention ICDs in 7 healthcare systems.

Methods and Results
We linked medical record data, adjudicated device therapies, and the National Cardiovascular Data Registry ICD Registry. Survival analysis evaluated therapy probability and predictors after ICD implant from 2006 to 2009, with attention to Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Coverage With Evidence Development subgroups: left ventricular ejection fraction, 31% to 35%; nonischemic cardiomyopathy <9 months’ duration; and New York Heart Association class IV heart failure with cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator. Among 2540 patients, 35% were <65 years old, 26% were women, and 59% were white. During 27 (median) months, 738 (29%) received ≥1 therapy. Three‐year therapy risk was 36% (appropriate, 24%; inappropriate, 12%). Appropriate therapy was more common in men (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.43–2.35). Inappropriate therapy was more common in patients with atrial fibrillation (adjusted HR, 2.20; 95% CI, 1.68–2.87), but less common among patients ≥65 years old versus younger (adjusted HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.54–0.95) and in recent implants (eg, in 2009 versus 2006; adjusted HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.46–0.95). In Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Coverage With Evidence Development analysis, inappropriate therapy was less common with cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator versus single chamber (adjusted HR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.36–0.84); therapy risk did not otherwise differ for Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Coverage With Evidence Development subgroups.

Conclusions
In this community cohort of primary prevention patients receiving ICD, therapy delivery varied across demographic and clinical characteristics, but did not differ meaningfully for Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Coverage With Evidence Development subgroups.
Intracranial Arterial Dolichoectasia and Stenosis
Authors: Zhai Fei-Fei , Yan Shuang , Li Ming-Li , Han Fei , Wang Quan , Zhou Li-Xin , Ni Jun , Yao Ming , Zhang Shu-Yang , Cui Li-Ying , Jin Zheng-Yu , Zhu Yi-Cheng 
Published: March 2018

Background and Purpose—
Intracranial arterial dolichoectasia (IADE) is a poorly understood arteriopathy compared with intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS). We aimed to investigate the risk factors of IADE and ICAS and their relationship with neuroimaging markers of cerebral small vessel disease in a population-based study.

Methods—
This study comprised 1237 participants (aged 57.2±9.4 years, 37.6% men) who underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance angiography. IADE was assessed based on basilar artery dolichoectasia (diameter, height of bifurcation, and laterality of basilar artery) and dilation of basilar artery and internal carotid artery (intracranial volume-adjusted diameter ≥2 SD). ICAS was defined as any degree of stenosis in at least 1 intracranial artery. The neuroimaging markers of cerebral small vessel disease, including lacunes, white matter hyperintensities, microbleeds, dilated perivascular spaces, and brain atrophy, were evaluated.

Results—

Basilar arterial dolichoectasia was observed in 3.6% (45/1237); intracranial arterial dilation in 5.9% (67/1142); and ICAS in 15.7% (194/1237). Older age, higher systolic blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, higher LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and lower HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) were associated with the presence of ICAS (all
P
<0.001), whereas only older age was associated with IADE. ICAS was associated with lacunes (odds ratio, 2.91; 95% confidence interval, 1.96–4.34;
P
<0.001), increased white matter hyperintensities volume (β±SE, 0.54±0.13;
P
<0.001), and brain atrophy (β±SE, −1.16±0.21;
P
<0.001), whereas basilar arterial dolichoectasia was mainly associated with dilated perivascular spaces in basal ganglia (odds ratio, 2.20; 95% confidence interval, 1.20–4.02;
P
=0.01) and, to a lesser extent, associated with lacunes and microbleeds.

Conclusions—
IADE and ICAS had different risk factor profiles and associated with different imaging phenotypes of cerebral small vessel disease, suggesting different underlying mechanisms.
Context in the History of International Law
Authors: Fitzmaurice Andrew 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
This article examines recent, and contrasting, methodological developments in the history of international law. These include the recent defense of anachronism by leading historians of international law, on the one hand, as well as a growing number of studies that focus upon the practice of international law, on the other. The article contends that contextual history need not cut the past off from the present, as some critics have maintained. At the same time, it calls for a richer understanding of context that explores the connections between so-called ‘theory’ and practice.
The European Union Never got Rid of Its Internal Controls
Authors: Barbero Iker 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The police station in Irun, a border town between the Spanish and French states, has the highest inter-annual data of arrests of foreigners in irregular situations when compared to other police stations in the Basque Country. This pattern, of which many are unaware, is due to police identity checks in the border surroundings. The place where the border barrier was once, was occupied by a car toll booth constructed with a very particular structure: as a border, with cabins for police officers. In addition, the data for border readmission between these two states, under an agreement signed in 2002, requires special attention: 300,000 people were deported across the Northern border. 70% of the people detained in the French Detention Centre at Hendaia in 2015 were caught at the border. This case study on the Spanish-French border will shed some light on a disregarded topic: internal borders. Regulation in these areas is diverse. Many exceptions and specificities apply, in parallel or alternatively to the ordinary immigration rules, as a matter of exception to the law. In considering this, we need to rethink the image of a borderless Europe as stated by the Schengen agreement. Since the publication of Balibar’s essay ‘What is a border?’ (2005), the controls have multiplied all along the territory as a kaleidoscopic vision. The eu internal borders have never disappeared, but have mutated into a police managed model of internal borders.
Non-removable Returnees under Union Law: Status Quo and Possible Developments
Authors: Lutz Fabian 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
This article describes and analyses the status-quo of Union Law applicable to non-removable returnees and it examines likely scenarios for future developments at eu level in this field, focusing on the rights of non-removable returnees, including documentation (section 2); the legal frame for applying administrative detention (section 3); the legal frame for imprisonment as criminal law sanction (section 4); continued encouragement of return (section 5) and pathways to legal stay (section 6).
Where to Look for Change?
Authors: Pavlou Vera 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Once an overlooked theme in legal scholarship, the legal treatment of migrant domestic workers has recently seen a significant growth of scholarly interest. In European legal scholarship, much of the focus has been on severe forms of exploitation such as slavery, forced labour and trafficking. While extreme abuses of migrant domestic workers certainly do take place in Europe, they are only part of the story. This article critiques the turn to modern slavery and trafficking as the dominant frame for analysing migrant domestic workers’ vulnerability in Europe and proposes a corrective lens. I argue that it is instead more useful, and potentially more deeply transformative, to comparatively examine the role of national labour and migration law regimes in the regulation of migrant domestic workers, as well as, the role of eu law in constructing and challenging these regimes.
The democratic rejection of democracy: Performative failure and the limits of critical performativity in an organizational change project
Authors: King Daniel , Land Christopher 
Published: March 2018

‘How do we introduce democracy democratically to people who are not sure they want it?’ This question was posed to us at the outset of what became a three-year experiment in seeking to implement more democratic organizational practices within a small education charity, World Education (WE). WE were an organization with a history of anarchist organizing and recent negative experiences of hierarchical managerialism, who wanted to return to a more democratic organizational form. This was an ideal opportunity, we thought, for the type of critical performative intervention called for within Critical Management Studies. Using Participant Action Research, which itself has a democratic ethos, we aimed to democratically bring about workplace democracy, using a range of interventions from interviewing, whole organization visioning workshops through to participating in working groups to bring about democratic change. Yet we failed. WE members democratically rejected democracy. We reflect on this failure using Jacques Derrida’s idea of a constitutive aporia at the heart of democracy, and suggests the need to more carefully unpack the difficult relationship between power and equality when seeking to facilitate more democratic organizational practices. The article presents an original perspective on the potential for, and limits of, critical performativity inspired interventions in organizations.
The Financing of TV Brasil: Limitation of Resources or Political Choice?
Authors: dos Santos Sales Augusto , da Silva Lopes Ivonete 
Published: March 2018

The federal funds allocated to Brazilian public television are insufficient for its adequate maintenance and could be increased. Instead of advertising on public television, which was the flagship of the Brazilian public communication system, the Lula and Rousseff administrations turned to private broadcasting systems in the hope of co-opting them. In addition to robbing public television of critical funding, this proved a political mistake when TV Globo became one of their harshest critics. Os recursos federais direcionados ao sistema público de TV brasileiro são insuficientes para sua manutenção adequada e poderiam, portanto, ser ampliados. Ao invés de fazer propaganda na televisão pública, que a propósito fora a bandeira do sistema público de comunicação, as administrações Lula e Rousseff voltaram-se para o setor privado de comunicação, na esperança de nela fazer aliados. Além de reduzirem os recursos críticos para a TV pública, essa estratégia provou-se um erro político quando a TV Globo tornou-se um de seus críticos mais crueis.
Greater Static Anterior Tibial Subluxation of the Lateral Compartment After an Acute Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Is Associated With an Increased Posterior Tibial Slope
Authors: Song Guan-yang , Zhang Hui , Zhang Jin , Liu Xin , Xue Zhe , Qian Yi , Feng Hua 
Published: March 2018

Background: Static anterior tibial subluxation of the lateral compartment after an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury highlights an increased anterior position of the tibia relative to the femur. However, the precise cause of this phenomenon is not entirely clear. Recently, an increased posterior tibial slope (PTS) has been identified as an independent risk factor for noncontact ACL injuries. Hypothesis: An increased PTS is associated with an increased anterior position of the lateral compartment of the tibia relative to the femur after acute ACL injuries. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: From March 2016 to March 2017, a total of 154 patients with clinically diagnosed noncontact ACL injuries who underwent primary ACL reconstruction were retrospectively analyzed. Static anterior subluxation of the lateral compartment relative to the lateral femoral condyle was measured on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging. Among them, 23 patients (study group) who demonstrated ≥6-mm anterior subluxation of the lateral compartment were matched in a 1:1 fashion to 23 control participants (control group), who showed <6-mm anterior subluxation of the lateral compartment. The PTS was measured on routinely available preoperative weightbearing lateral knee radiographs. Predictors of increased (≥6 mm) static anterior subluxation of the lateral compartment, including body mass index (BMI), PTS, injuries to the anterolateral ligament (ALL), and concomitant lateral meniscal lesions, were assessed by multivariable conditional logistic regression analysis. Results: The mean PTS in the study group was 15.4°, which was significantly larger than that in the control group (8.8°) ( P < .001). In addition, an abnormal degree of PTS (≥10.0°) was determined to be an independent risk factor (odds ratio, 8.0 [95% CI, 2.7-29.2]; P < .001) associated with ≥6-mm anterior subluxation of the lateral compartment after acute ACL injuries. However, BMI, presence of concomitant lateral meniscal lesions, and presence of ALL ruptures were not. Conclusion: An increased PTS was identified to be an independent anatomic risk factor of increased (≥6 mm) anterior subluxation of the lateral compartment in acute noncontact ACL injuries. For patients with obviously increased anterior tibial subluxation of the lateral compartment after ACL injuries, the PTS should be measured.
Minority healthcare providers experience challenges, trust, and interdependency in a multicultural team
Authors: Egede-Nissen Veslemøy , Sellevold Gerd Sylvi , Jakobsen Rita , Sørlie Venke 
Published: March 2018

Background: The nursing community in the Nordic countries has become multicultural because of migration from European, Asian and African countries. In Norway, minority health care providers are recruited in to nursing homes which have become multicultural workplaces. They overcome challenges such as language and strangeness but as a group they are vulnerable and exposed to many challenges. Purpose: The aim is to explore minority healthcare providers, trained nurses and nurses’ assistants, and their experiences of challenges when working in a multicultural team in a Norwegian context. Research method: The study has a qualitative design, using narrative interviews, and a phenomenological–hermeneutic analysis method to explore the experiences of challenges in dementia care. Ethical considerations: The study was approved by The Norwegian Regional Ethics Committee, and the Norwegian Social Science Data Services. Participation and research context: Five informants from different African, Asian and European countries participated in the study. The study was conducted in a Norwegian nursing home, in a dementia care unit. Findings: The results show that minority health care providers experience and find meaning in being a member of a team, they overcome challenges, characterized by the interdependency in the team, appreciating new cultural experiences and striving to belong. They must overcome challenges such as language problems and the feeling of strangeness. Discussion: The findings are discussed considering Løgstrup’s ethic of proximity, the ethical demand of trust, and interdependency. The ethical demand is an answer to a common, transparent, unspoken agreement to be met, seen, and understood. Conclusion: The study shows that cooperation in a multi-professional and multi-ethnic team is important, and secures the quality of care to persons with dementia. Further research is necessary to examine the relation between a multi-ethnic staff and the patients experiencing dementia. Further research is necessary to examine ethnicity, the relation between a multi-ethnic staff, the patients experiencing dementia and next of kin.
Simulated Provocations: A Hypermedia Radio Theatre for Reflection on Classroom Management
Authors: Arvola Mattias , Samuelsson Marcus , Nordvall Mathias , Ragnemalm Eva L. 
Published: March 2018

Background. Learning to manage a classroom is a difficult but important part of teacher education. Earlier research on simulations for learning classroom management has highlighted the difficulty of supporting reflection. Purpose. This case study explores and evaluates the design of a simulation for student teachers’ reflection on classroom management. Design. The design process resulted in the scenario-based SIMPROV simulation, which was made in the form of a hypermedia radio theatre that students go through in pairs or triads. Authoritarian, authoritative, democratic, and compliant leadership styles were built into the choices student teachers made. Evaluation. The simulation was evaluated in two courses where the participants’ level of reflection and perceived knowledge improvement was measured using a questionnaire. Forty-three first-year student teachers, 48 third-year student teachers, and 38 of the student teachers’ mentors participated in the evaluation. Results. The results indicate that participants engaged in reflection and understanding to a high degree, and only to a low degree in critical reflection or habitual action. Conclusions. The conclusions are that the scenario-based simulation designed as a hypermedia radio theatre supported knowledge improvement, understanding, and reflection and that social interaction during and after simulation sessions was an important feature.
Comparative Analysis of Three-Dimensional Nasal Shape of Casts from Patients With Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Treated at Two Institutions Following Rotation Advancement Only (Iowa) or Nasoalveolar Molding and Rotation Advancement in Conjunction With Primary Rhinoplasty (New York)
Authors: Hosseinian Banafsheh , Rubin Marcie S. , Clouston Sean A. P. , Almaidhan Asma , Shetye Pradip R. , Cutting Court B. , Grayson Barry H. 
Published: March 2018

Objectives: To compare 3-dimensional nasal symmetry in patients with UCLP who had either rotation advancement alone or nasoalveolar molding (NAM) followed by rotation advancement in conjunction with primary nasal repair. Design: Pilot retrospective cohort study. Materials and Methods: Nasal casts of 23 patients with UCLP from 2 institutions were analyzed; 12 in the rotation advancement only group (Iowa) and 11 in the NAM, rotation advancement with primary nasal repair group (New York). Casts from patients aged 6 to 18 years were scanned using the 3Shape scanner and 3-dimensional analysis of nasal symmetry performed using 3dMD Vultus software, Version 2507, 3dMD, Atlanta, GA. Cleft and noncleft side columellar height, nasal dome height, alar base width, and nasal projection were linearly measured. Inter- and intragroup analyses were performed using t tests and paired t tests as appropriate. Results: A statistically significant difference in mean-scaled 3-dimensional asymmetry index was found between groups with group 1 having a larger measure of asymmetry (4.69 cm3) than group 2 (2.56 cm3; P = .02). Intergroup analysis performed on the most sensitive linear measure, alar base width, revealed significantly less asymmetry on average in group 2 than in group 1 ( P = .013). Conclusion: This study suggests the NAM followed by rotation advancement in conjunction with primary nasal repair approach may result in less nasal asymmetry compared to rotation advancement alone.