bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical Treatment of Posterior Circulation Aneurysms – Anatomical Study and Surgical Technique
Authors: Yamaki Vitor , Paschoal Eric , Teixeira Manoel , Figueiredo Eberval 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPosterior circulation aneurysms represent 10–15% of intracranial aneurysms. The diagnosis is usually secondary to subarachnoid hemorrhage due to its initial asymptomatic presentation and higher risk of rupture compared with aneurysms in the anterior circulation. The surgical treatment of posterior circulation aneurysms is complex and challenging for neurosurgeons because of the particular anatomy of the posterior circulation with its close relation to the brainstem and cranial nerves and also because of the depth and narrowness of the surgical approach. Aneurysms from different locations have specific anatomical relationships and surgical approaches for better visualization and dissection. Therefore, a detailed anatomy knowledge of the posterior circulation is mandatory for an individualized preoperative planning and good neurological and angiographic outcomes. We selected the main aneurysm sites on the posterior circulation, such as: posterior inferior cerebellar artery, basilar trunk, basilar bifurcation, posterior cerebral artery (PCA) and superior cerebellar artery for a detailed description of the relevant anatomy related to aneurysm, and the main surgical approaches for its surgical treatment. Furthermore, we performed a literature review with the most recent outcomes regarding to the surgical treatment of posterior circulation aneurysms.
Diagnosis of Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: Blaes Franz 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMyasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder of the neuromuscular junction. The diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (MG) is based on clinical features, combined with neurophysiological and immunological parameters. Autoantibodies against the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor are the main finding in about 80% of the patients. More recently, autoantibodies against muscle-specific kinase (MuSK) and lipoprotein receptor-associated protein 4 (LRP4) have been identified in a subset of MG patients. Additionally, anti-titin autoantibodies can point to an underlying thymoma in younger MG patients. Neurophysiological examination includes a repetitive stimulation to detect a possible decrement as the electrical correlate of pathological muscle fatigability. Single-fiber electromyography can identify neuromuscular transmission disturbances in otherwise unclear cases.
Activation of AMPK by metformin improves withdrawal signs precipitated by nicotine withdrawal
Authors: Brynildsen Julia K. , Lee Bridgin G. , Perron Isaac J. , Jin Sunghee , Kim Sangwon F. , Blendy Julie A. 
Published: April 2018

Significance
Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable disease and death in the United States. Severe withdrawal symptoms are the reason most people have a hard time quitting smoking. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a master regulator of energy homeostasis and is activated in response to cellular stressors. We discovered that the AMPK pathway is activated following chronic nicotine use but is repressed following nicotine withdrawal. We reasoned that increasing pAMPK levels pharmacologically might reduce symptoms of nicotine withdrawal. After giving mice metformin, an AMPK activator, we were able to reduce nicotine withdrawal, and found that this was dependent on the presence of the AMPK protein in the hippocampus. This study suggests that AMPK activation could be a target for smoking cessation.
Accurate and sensitive quantification of protein-DNA binding affinity
Authors: Rastogi Chaitanya , Rube H. Tomas , Kribelbauer Judith F. , Crocker Justin , Loker Ryan E. , Martini Gabriella D. , Laptenko Oleg , Freed-Pastor William A. , Prives Carol , Stern David L. , Mann Richard S. , Bussemaker Harmen J. 
Published: April 2018

Significance
One-tenth of human genes produce proteins called transcription factors (TFs) that bind to our genome and read the local DNA sequence. They work together to regulate the degree to which each gene is expressed. The affinity with which DNA is bound by a particular TF can vary more than a thousand-fold with different DNA sequences. This study presents the first computational method able to quantify the sequence-affinity relationship almost perfectly over the full affinity range. It achieves this by analyzing data from experiments that use massively parallel DNA sequencing to comprehensively probe protein–DNA interactions. Strikingly, it can accurately predict the effect in vivo of DNA mutations on gene expression levels in fly embryos even for very-low-affinity binding sites.
Hip extensor mechanics and the evolution of walking and climbing capabilities in humans, apes, and fossil hominins
Authors: Kozma Elaine E. , Webb Nicole M. , Harcourt-Smith William E. H. , Raichlen David A. , D'Août Kristiaan , Brown Mary H. , Finestone Emma M. , Ross Stephen R. , Aerts Peter , Pontzer Herman 
Published: April 2018

Significance
The evolution of humans’ distinct bipedal gait remains a focus of research and debate. Many reconstructions of hominin locomotor evolution assume climbing capability trades off against walking economy, with improvement in one requiring diminishment of the other, but few have tested these functional inferences experimentally. In this study, we integrate experimental locomotor mechanics from humans and other primates with osteological measurements to assess the locomotor capabilities of early hominins. Our analyses show that changes in the ischium and hamstrings would have made walking more economical without reducing the utility of these muscles for climbing in early hominins. A wider set of evolutionary solutions may have been available to early hominins than previously recognized.
Fluctuations uncover a distinct class of traveling waves
Authors: Birzu Gabriel , Hallatschek Oskar , Korolev Kirill S. 
Published: April 2018

Significance
Traveling waves describe diverse natural phenomena from crystal growth in physics to range expansions in biology. Two classes of waves exist with very different properties: pulled and pushed. Pulled waves are driven by high growth rates at the expansion edge, where the number of organisms is small and fluctuations are large. In contrast, fluctuations are suppressed in pushed waves because the region of maximal growth is shifted toward the population bulk. Although it is commonly believed that expansions are either pulled or pushed, we found an intermediate class of waves with bulk-driven growth, but exceedingly large fluctuations. These waves are unusual because their properties are controlled by both the leading edge and the bulk of the front.
Structural dynamics is a determinant of the functional significance of missense variants
Authors: Ponzoni Luca , Bahar Ivet 
Published: April 2018

Significance
Discrimination of clinically relevant mutations from neutral mutations is of paramount importance in precision medicine and pharmacogenomics. Our study shows that current computational predictions of pathogenicity, mostly based on analysis of sequence conservation, may be improved by considering the changes in the structural dynamics of the protein due to point mutations. We introduce and demonstrate the utility of a classifier that takes advantage of efficient evaluation of structural dynamics by elastic network models.
Transient fibrosis resolves via fibroblast inactivation in the regenerating zebrafish heart
Authors: Sánchez-Iranzo Héctor , Galardi-Castilla María , Sanz-Morejón Andrés , González-Rosa Juan Manuel , Costa Ricardo , Ernst Alexander , Sainz de Aja Julio , Langa Xavier , Mercader Nadia 
Published: April 2018

SignificanceAfter myocardial infarction in the mammalian heart, millions of cardiomyocytes are lost and replaced by fibrotic scar tissue. While fibrosis is persistent in adult mammals, there are some vertebrates, including zebrafish, with the capacity for regeneration. This process does not occur in the absence of fibrosis. Here we studied subpopulations of collagen-producing cells and analyzed their fate after complete regeneration of the zebrafish myocardium. Our data show that fibroblasts persisted in the regenerated heart but shut down the profibrotic program. While fibrosis could be considered as detrimental to the regeneration process, our study reveals a positive effect on cardiomyocyte proliferation. Accordingly, a fibrotic response can be beneficial for heart regeneration.
Effects of iron on the lattice thermal conductivity of Earth’s deep mantle and implications for mantle dynamics
Authors: Hsieh Wen-Pin , Deschamps Frédéric , Okuchi Takuo , Lin Jung-Fu 
Published: April 2018

Significance
Presence of iron in Earth’s lower mantle may critically affect its physical properties and thermochemical structures. However, its effects on thermal conductivity and dynamics of deep mantle remain unknown. We studied lattice thermal conductivity of lower-mantle ferropericlase to 120 GPa using ultrafast optics. We observed an enhanced iron substitution effect in the low-spin iron-rich ferropericlase, with thermal conductivity that significantly drops across spin transition. Combined with bridgmanite data, we provided a self-consistent radial profile of lower-mantle thermal conductivity, which is dominated by pressure, temperature, and iron effects and shows a twofold increase throughout the lower mantle. If ultralow velocity zones are hot and strongly enriched in iron, their exceptionally low thermal conductivity will delay their cooling, influencing lowermost mantle dynamics.
Negative regulator of E2F transcription factors links cell cycle checkpoint and DNA damage repair
Authors: Wang Lili , Chen Hanchen , Wang Chongyang , Hu Zhenjie , Yan Shunping 
Published: April 2018

Significance
DNA is frequently damaged by both endogenous and exogenous factors. In response to DNA damage, cells activate checkpoints to arrest cell cycle progression, allowing sufficient time for DNA repair. Defects in DNA repair cause many diseases including cancers. The E2F transcription factors are key players in cell cycle progression and are negatively regulated by the tumor suppressor protein Retinoblastoma. In this study, we demonstrated that the DNA repair protein SNI1, a subunit of SMC5/6 complex, is a negative regulator of E2Fs. In addition, this study also suggests that checkpoint and DNA repair are directly linked by SNI1, providing insights into DNA damage responses.
Superresolution microscopy reveals structural mechanisms driving the nanoarchitecture of a viral chromatin tether
Authors: Grant Margaret J. , Loftus Matthew S. , Stoja Aiola P. , Kedes Dean H. , Smith M. Mitchell 
Published: April 2018

Significance
Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus propagates by attaching to host chromatin. This tether is essential for viral maintenance, and its disruption represents a potential treatment for persistent infection. However, fundamental questions remain, including how the underlying viral chromatin is folded, how the tether protein is organized, and how it is presented for host attachment. Using superresolution fluorescence microscopy, we have visualized single tethers in cells and built a working model of their structure. The folding of the viral chromatin mimics that of active chromatin, driven by nucleosome positioning and DNA bending. Furthermore, tether proteins are arranged in ordered clusters projected outward from the viral chromatin axis. These principles are likely to be applicable to the tethers of other DNA tumor viruses.
Origins and spread of fluted-point technology in the Canadian Ice-Free Corridor and eastern Beringia
Authors: Smith Heather L. , Goebel Ted 
Published: April 2018

Significance
We report geometric morphometric and cladistic analyses of archaeological materials establishing early human interaction between the North American Arctic, western Canadian “Ice-Free Corridor,” and temperate North America prior to 12,000 years ago, when the Corridor is inferred to have opened after initial retreat of the continental ice sheets. The findings inform a broad range of scientists engaged in genomic, evolutionary, ecological, climatological, geological, and anthropological studies of the late Pleistocene, providing tangible evidence of human dispersal through the Americas and placing the archaeological record in the context of new genetic models chronicling the initial migration into America, as well as paleoecological interpretations of the “opening” of interior western Canada’s earliest habitable environments.
Physicians Report Adopting Safer Opioid Prescribing Behaviors after Academic Detailing Intervention
Authors: Larson Mary Jo , Browne Cheryl , Nikitin Ruslan V. , Wooten Nikki R. , Ball Sarah , Adams Rachel Sayko , Barth Kelly 
Published: April 2018

Background This study evaluated an educational intervention intended to increase physicians’ use of patient prescription history information from the state prescription monitoring program (PMP) and their adoption of clinical behaviors consistent with opioid prescription guidelines to reduce patient risk. Methods Physician volunteers (n = 87) in community practices and Veterans Administration medical settings in South Carolina received an office-based, individualized, educational intervention (Academic Detailing) from a trained pharmacist who promoted three key messages about safer opioid prescribing. Physicians were registered for the state PMP, guided through retrieving patient information from the PMP, and given patient-centered materials. Physicians consented to completing web-surveys; 68 (78%) completed follow-up surveys on average 12.2 weeks post-intervention. Results Of 43 respondents who did not use the PMP before the intervention, 83% adopted PMP use. Self-reports also revealed a significant increase in frequency of the following behaviors: 1) using patient report information from the PMP, 2) using a standardized scale to monitor pain intensity and interference with daily functioning, and 3) issuing orders for urine toxicology screens for patients maintained long-term on opioids. Conclusions The intervention was effective in promoting physician adoption of prescribing behaviors intended to reduce risks associated with prescription opioids. The self-report findings of this study should be confirmed by analysis using data on the number of queries submitted to the state's PMP. The present study suggests that a single academic detailing visit may be an effective tool for increasing physician voluntary registration and utilization of data on patients’ prescription history contained in a state PMP.
Worm wounding increases levels of pollen-related food allergens in soybean (Glycine max)
Authors: Hanafusa Kayo , Murakami Hiroki , Ueda Takuya , Yano Erika , Zaima Nobuhiro , Moriyama Tatsuya 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The levels of food allergens in worm-wounded or non-wounded green soybeans (edamame) and mature soybeans were investigated by immunoblotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using allergen-specific antibodies. Non-wounded and worm-wounded soybeans showed similar total protein profiles after Coomassie brilliant blue staining, but some protein bands were observed to have been changed by worm wounding. Immunoblotting with specific antibodies for major soybean allergens (Gly m 5, Gly m 6, Gly m Bd 30 K, and Kunitz soybean trypsin inhibitor) revealed that protein band profiles and intensities were not significantly changed by worm wounding. In contrast, levels of the pollen-related soybean allergens Gly m 4 and Gly m 3 were strongly increased by worm wounding in both green and mature soybeans, as detected by immunoblotting and ELISA. These results suggested that the pollen-related food allergen risk (i.e., oral allergy syndrome; OAS) from soybeans might be enhanced by worm wounding of soybeans.
Improving the annotation of the Heterorhabditis bacteriophora genome
Authors: McLean Florence , Berger Duncan , Laetsch Dominik R , Schwartz Hillel T , Blaxter Mark 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Background
Genome assembly and annotation remain exacting tasks. As the tools available for these tasks improve, it is useful to return to data produced with earlier techniques to assess their credibility and correctness. The entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora is widely used to control insect pests in horticulture. The genome sequence for this species was reported to encode an unusually high proportion of unique proteins and a paucity of secreted proteins compared to other related nematodes.

Findings
We revisited the H. bacteriophora genome assembly and gene predictions to determine whether these unusual characteristics were biological or methodological in origin. We mapped an independent resequencing dataset to the genome and used the blobtools pipeline to identify potential contaminants. While present (0.2% of the genome span, 0.4% of predicted proteins), assembly contamination was not significant.

Conclusions
Re-prediction of the gene set using BRAKER1 and published transcriptome data generated a predicted proteome that was very different from the published one. The new gene set had a much reduced complement of unique proteins, better completeness values that were in line with other related species' genomes, and an increased number of proteins predicted to be secreted. It is thus likely that methodological issues drove the apparent uniqueness of the initial H. bacteriophora genome annotation and that similar contamination and misannotation issues affect other published genome assemblies.
Oral food challenge using different target doses and time intervals between doses
Authors: Yanagida Noriyuki , Sato Sakura , Nagakura Ken-ichi , Asaumi Tomoyuki , Ebisawa Motohiro 
Published: April 2018

Purpose of review
The oral food challenge (OFC) is a specific and vital tool used in clinical practice to identify the level of tolerance a person exhibits toward certain foods while diagnosing food-related allergies. OFC methods differ among countries. The aim of this review is to evaluate different target doses and determine the time interval between doses used for OFC.

Recent findings
We analyzed recent articles on target doses and time between doses, and noted that some papers reported low target doses and less time between doses. A low-dose OFC appears to be a useful strategy; a time interval of 15 min between doses is short and that of at least 1 h is appropriate.

Summary
Low-dose OFCs appear to be well tolerated and effective to avoid complete elimination of the consumption of foods causing allergies. For the safety of the OFC method, the time interval between doses should be more than 30 min.
Do Dads Make a Difference? Family Feeding Dynamics and Child Fussy Eating
Authors: Harris Holly A. , Jansen Elena , Mallan Kimberley M. , Daniels Lynne , Thorpe Karen 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
Few studies on child feeding have focused on family dynamics or disadvantaged families, yet feeding occurs in the complex social, economic, and relational context of the family. We examined how the level (high vs low) and concordance (concordant vs discordant) of nonresponsive feeding practices of mothers and fathers are associated with child fussy eating, in a socioeconomically disadvantaged Australian sample.

Methods:
Mother-father pairs (N = 208) of children aged 2 to 5 years old independently completed validated questionnaires reporting their “persuasive feeding,” “reward for eating,” “reward for behavior,” and child's “food fussiness.” The fussiness scores did not differ between mother-father pairs and were averaged to derive a single dependent variable. K-means cluster analyses were used to assign mother-father pairs to clusters for each feeding practice, based on mean scores. Three ANCOVAs, corresponding to each feeding practice, tested differences in child fussiness across clusters while controlling for covariates.

Results:
Four clusters were identified for each feeding practice—concordant: (1) high (MHi/FHi) for both parents and (2) low (MLo/FLo) for both parents; and discordant: (3) high for mother but low for father (MHi/FLo); and (4) low for mother but high for father (MLo/FHi). For “persuasive feeding,” MLo/FLo reported lower levels of fussiness compared with MHi/FLo, MHi/FHi, and MLo/FHi (p values < 0.05). For “reward for eating,” MLo/FLo reported lower levels of fussiness than did MHi/FHi (p < 0.05). Child fussiness did not differ across “reward for behavior” clusters.

Conclusion:
In socioeconomically disadvantaged families, when parents are concordant in avoiding nonresponsive feeding practices, less child “food fussiness” is reported. Findings suggest that feeding interventions should consider inclusion of both parents in 2-parent households.
Comparison of Outpatient and Inpatient Pediatric Rhinoplasty: Results From National Surgical Quality Improvement Program–Pediatric, 2012–2014
Authors: Garg Ravi K. , Garland Catharine B. , Mount Delora L. , Babchenko Oksana , Leverson Glen J. , Afifi Ahmed M. 
Published: April 2018

Introduction:
Outpatient management of patients undergoing elective surgical procedures has been associated with significantly decreased health care costs compared with inpatient management. This study investigates current practices in outpatient versus inpatient management of pediatric rhinoplasty patients.

Methods:
A query was performed of the 2012 to 2014 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program–Pediatric data sets. Patients age 17 or younger undergoing rhinoplasty as the primary surgical procedure were included. Clinical characteristics and complications were compared among patients managed as inpatients versus outpatients using both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.

Results:
Among 938 pediatric rhinoplasty patients, 199 (21.2%) were managed as inpatients. Multivariate analysis revealed multiple variables significantly associated with an increased odds of inpatient management, including young patient age, presence of a congenital malformation, neurologic or nutritional disease, lengthy procedure time, management by a plastic surgeon compared with an otolaryngologist, and certain procedure types including cleft septorhinoplasty, secondary rhinoplasty with intermediate or major revision, and rib cartilage grafting. Complications among both inpatients and outpatients were rare, with the most common complication being readmission among 15 patients (1.6%).

Conclusions:
This study indicates that multiple subgroups of pediatric patients undergoing rhinoplasty procedures have a significantly increased likelihood of inpatient management without any significantly increased likelihood of a complication or need for readmission. Future efforts to manage appropriately selected children on an ambulatory basis may be safe, while improving costs and quality of care.