bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human chemosignals of disgust facilitate food judgment
Authors: Zheng Yan , You Yuqi , Farias Ana R. , Simon Jessica , Semin Gün R. , Smeets Monique A. , Li Wen 
Published: November 2018

AbstractChoosing food is not a trivial decision that people need to make daily, which is often subject to social influences. Here, we studied a human homolog of social transmission of food preference (STFP) as observed in rodents and other animals via chemosignals of body secretions. Human social chemosignals (sweat) produced during a disgust or neutral state among a group of donors were presented to participants undergoing a 2-alternative-forced-choice food healthiness judgment task during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Response speed and two key signal detection indices—d’ (discrimination sensitivity) and β (response bias)—converged to indicate that social chemosignals of disgust facilitated food healthiness decisions, in contrast to primary disgust elicitors (disgust odors) that impaired the judgment. fMRI analyses (disgust vs. neutral sweat) revealed that the fusiform face area (FFA), amygdala, and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) were engaged in processing social chemosignals of disgust during food judgment. Importantly, a double contrast of social signaling across modalities (olfactory vs. visual—facial expressions) indicated that the FFA and OFC exhibited preferential response to social chemosignals of disgust. Together, our findings provide initial evidence for human STFP, where social chemosignals are incorporated into food decisions by engaging social and emotional areas of the brain.
Molecular and isotopic evidence for the processing of starchy plants in Early Neolithic pottery from China
Authors: Shoda Shinya , Lucquin Alexandre , Sou Chi Ian , Nishida Yastami , Sun Guoping , Kitano Hiroshi , Son Joon-ho , Nakamura Shinichi , Craig Oliver E. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractOrganic residue analysis of ancient ceramic vessels enables the investigation of natural resources that were used in daily cooking practices in different part of the world. Despite many methodological advances, the utilization of plants in pottery has been difficult to demonstrate chemically, hindering the study of their role in ancient society, a topic that is especially important to understanding early agricultural practices at the start of the Neolithic period. Here, we present the first lipid residue study on the Chinese Neolithic pottery dated to 5.0 k - 4.7 k cal BC from the Tianluoshan site, Zhejiang province, a key site with early evidence for rice domestication. Through the identification of novel molecular biomarkers and extensive stable isotope analysis, we suggest that the pottery in Tianluoshan were largely used for processing starchy plant foods. These results not only highlight the significance of starchy plants in Neolithic southern China but also show a clear difference with other contemporary sites in northern Eurasia, where pottery is clearly orientated to aquatic resource exploitation. These differences may be linked with the early development of rice agriculture in China compared to its much later adoption in adjacent northerly regions.
Inverse Relationship between Metabolic Syndrome and 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration in Elderly People without Vitamin D deficiency
Authors: Wang Chun-Min , Chang Chin-Sung , Chang Yin-Fan , Wu Shin-Jiuan , Chiu Ching-Ju , Hou Meng-Tzu , Chen Chuan-Yu , Liu Ping-Yen , Wu Chih-Hsing 
Published: November 2018

AbstractVitamin D status is inversely associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Whether this is true in the elderly without vitamin D deficiency is rarely investigated. Our data source is a cross-sectional survey of 1,966 community-dwelling elderly Taiwanese in 2012. An overnight fasting blood were obtained for biochemistry variables. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D] concentration <20 ng/mL. MetS is defined using modified ATP-III criteria. Of 523 participants without vitamin D deficiency (Men/Women = 269/254, age = 76.0 ± 6.2 years old [65–102 years old]), mean 25(OH)D was 44.0 ± 11.1 ng/mL, and the MetS prevalence of MS was 46.5%. Serum 25(OH)D was negatively associated with osteocalcin, the homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, body mass index (BMI), and glycated hemoglobin A1c. Participants with more MetS features have lower serum 25(OH)D and osteocalcin. Binary logistic regression models showed that 25(OH)D, physical activity, and osteocalcin were negatively independent MetS factors, but that the HOMA-IR index, BMI, and being female were positively independent factors. The risk of MetS was progressively lower along with the increased 25(OH)D concentration, even above 60 ng/mL. In conclusion, a low 25(OH)D concentration is an independent risk factor for MetS in elderly people without vitamin D deficiency.
Crystalline structure, electronic and lattice-dynamics properties of NbTe2
Authors: Barajas-Aguilar Aarón Hernán , Irwin J. C. , Garay-Tapia Andrés Manuel , Schwarz Torsten , Paraguay Delgado Francisco , Brodersen P. M. , Prinja Rajiv , Kherani Nazir , Jiménez Sandoval Sergio J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLayered-structure materials are currently relevant given their quasi-2D nature. Knowledge of their physical properties is currently of major interest. Niobium ditelluride possesses a monoclinic layered-structure with a distortion in the tellurium planes. This structural complexity has hindered the determination of its fundamental physical properties. In this work, NbTe2 crystals were used to elucidate its structural, compositional, electronic and vibrational properties. These findings have been compared with calculations based on density functional theory. The chemical composition and elemental distribution at the nanoscale were obtained through atom probe tomography. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy allowed the first determination of the work function of NbTe2. Its high value, 5.32 eV, and chemical stability allow foreseeing applications such as contact in optoelectronics. Raman spectra were obtained using different excitation laser lines: 488, 633, and 785 nm. The vibrational frequencies were in agreement with those determined through density functional theory. It was possible to detect a theoretically-predicted, low-frequency, low-intensity Raman active mode not previously observed. The dispersion curves and electronic band structure were calculated, along with their corresponding density of states. The electrical properties, as well as a pseudo-gap in the density of states around the Fermi energy are characteristics proper of a semi metal.
Integrated PTR-ToF-MS, GWAS and biological pathway analyses reveal the contribution of cow’s genome to cheese volatilome
Authors: Pegolo Sara , Bergamaschi Matteo , Gasperi Flavia , Biasioli Franco , Cecchinato Alessio , Bittante Giovanni 
Published: November 2018

AbstractVolatile organic compounds (VOCs) are small molecules that contribute to the distinctive flavour of cheese which is an important attribute for consumer acceptability. To investigate whether cow’s genetic background might contribute to cheese volatilome, we carried out genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and pathway–based analyses for 173 spectrometric peaks tentatively associated with several VOCs obtained from proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) analyses of 1,075 model cheeses produced using raw whole-milk from Brown Swiss cows. Overall, we detected 186 SNPs associated with 120 traits, several of which mapped close to genes involved in protein (e.g. CSN3, GNRHR and FAM169A), fat (e.g. AGPAT3, SCD5, and GPAM) and carbohydrate (e.g. B3GNT2, B4GALT1, and PHKB) metabolism. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that pathways connected with proteolysis/amino acid metabolism (purine and nitrogen metabolism) as well as fat metabolism (long-term potentiation) and mammary gland function (tight junction) were overrepresented. Our results provide the first evidence of a putative link between cow’s genes and cheese flavour and offer new insights into the role of potential candidate loci and the biological functions contributing to the cheese volatilome.
Amplification of Mitochondrial Activity in the Healing Response Following Rotator Cuff Tendon Injury
Authors: Thankam Finosh G. , Chandra Isaiah S. , Kovilam Anuradha N. , Diaz Connor G. , Volberding Benjamin T. , Dilisio Matthew F. , Radwan Mohamed M. , Gross R. Michael , Agrawal Devendra K. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMitochondrial function following rotator cuff tendon injury (RCI) influences the tendon healing. We examined the mitochondrial morphology and function under hypoxia in the shoulder tendon tissue from surgically-induced tenotomy-RCI rat model and cultured swine tenocytes. The tendon tissue was collected post-injury on 3–5 (Group-A), 10–12 (Group-B), and 22–24 (Group-C), days and the corresponding contralateral tendons were used as control for each group. There was higher protein expression of citrate synthase (P < 0.0001) [10.22 MFI (mean fluorescent intensity)] and complex-1 (P = 0.0008) (7.86 MFI) in Group-A and Group-B that decreased in Group-C [(P = 0.0201) (5.78 MFI and (P = 0.7915) (2.32 MFI), respectively] compared to control tendons. The ratio of BAX:Bcl2 (Bcl2 associated x protein:B cell lymphoma 2) in RCI tendons increased by 50.5% (Group-A) and 68.4% (Group-B) and decreased by 25.8% (Group-C) compared to normoxic controls. Hypoxia increased β-tubulin expression (P = 0067) and reduced PGC1-α (P = 0412) expression in the isolated swine tenocytes with no effect on the protein expression of Complex-1 (P = 7409) and citrate synthase (P = 0.3290). Also, the hypoxic tenocytes exhibited about 4-fold increase in mitochondrial superoxide (P < 0.0001), altered morphology and mitochondrial pore integrity, and increase in mitochondrial density compared to normoxic controls. These findings suggest the critical role of mitochondria in the RCI healing response.
Differential toxicities of fine particulate matters from various sources
Authors: Park Minhan , Joo Hung Soo , Lee Kwangyul , Jang Myoseon , Kim Sang Don , Kim Injeong , Borlaza Lucille Joanna S. , Lim Heungbin , Shin Hanjae , Chung Kyu Hyuck , Choi Yoon-Hyeong , Park Sun Gu , Bae Min-Suk , Lee Jiyi , Song Hangyul , Park Kihong 
Published: November 2018

AbstractFine particulate matters less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) in the ambient atmosphere are strongly associated with adverse health effects. However, it is unlikely that all fine particles are equally toxic in view of their different sizes and chemical components. Toxicity of fine particles produced from various combustion sources (diesel engine, gasoline engine, biomass burning (rice straw and pine stem burning), and coal combustion) and non-combustion sources (road dust including sea spray aerosols, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, and secondary organic aerosols (SOA)), which are known major sources of PM2.5, was determined. Multiple biological and chemical endpoints were integrated for various source-specific aerosols to derive toxicity scores for particles originating from different sources. The highest toxicity score was obtained for diesel engine exhaust particles, followed by gasoline engine exhaust particles, biomass burning particles, coal combustion particles, and road dust, suggesting that traffic plays the most critical role in enhancing the toxic effects of fine particles. The toxicity ranking of fine particles produced from various sources can be used to better understand the adverse health effects caused by different fine particle types in the ambient atmosphere, and to provide practical management of fine particles beyond what can be achieved only using PM mass which is the current regulation standard.
Spontaneous activity emerging from an inferred network model captures complex spatio-temporal dynamics of spike data
Authors: Capone Cristiano , Gigante Guido , Del Giudice Paolo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractInference methods are widely used to recover effective models from observed data. However, few studies attempted to investigate the dynamics of inferred models in neuroscience, and none, to our knowledge, at the network level. We introduce a principled modification of a widely used generalized linear model (GLM), and learn its structural and dynamic parameters from in-vitro spike data. The spontaneous activity of the new model captures prominent features of the non-stationary and non-linear dynamics displayed by the biological network, where the reference GLM largely fails, and also reflects fine-grained spatio-temporal dynamical features. Two ingredients were key for success. The first is a saturating transfer function: beyond its biological plausibility, it limits the neuron’s information transfer, improving robustness against endogenous and external noise. The second is a super-Poisson spikes generative mechanism; it accounts for the undersampling of the network, and allows the model neuron to flexibly incorporate the observed activity fluctuations.
The different stratospheric influence on cold-extremes in Eurasia and North America
Authors: Kretschmer Marlene , Cohen Judah , Matthias Vivien , Runge Jakob , Coumou Dim 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe stratospheric polar vortex can influence the tropospheric circulation and thereby winter weather in the mid-latitudes. Weak vortex states, often associated with sudden stratospheric warmings (SSW), have been shown to increase the risk of cold-spells especially over Eurasia, but its role for North American winters is less clear. Using cluster analysis, we show that there are two dominant patterns of increased polar cap heights in the lower stratosphere. Both patterns represent a weak polar vortex but they are associated with different wave mechanisms and different regional tropospheric impacts. The first pattern is zonally symmetric and associated with absorbed upward-propagating wave activity, leading to a negative phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and cold-air outbreaks over northern Eurasia. This coupling mechanism is well-documented in the literature and is consistent with the downward migration of the northern annular mode (NAM). The second pattern is zonally asymmetric and linked to downward reflected planetary waves over Canada followed by a negative phase of the Western Pacific Oscillation (WPO) and cold-spells in Central Canada and the Great Lakes region. Causal effect network (CEN) analyses confirm the atmospheric pathways associated with this asymmetric pattern. Moreover, our findings suggest the reflective mechanism to be sensitive to the exact region of upward wave-activity fluxes and to be state-dependent on the strength of the vortex. Identifying the causal pathways that operate on weekly to monthly timescales can pave the way for improved sub-seasonal to seasonal forecasting of cold spells in the mid-latitudes.
Top soil physical and chemical properties in Kazakhstan across a north-south gradient
Authors: Yapiyev Vadim , Gilman Charles P. , Kabdullayeva Tolganay , Suleimenova Akmaral , Shagadatova Aizhan , Duisembay Azat , Naizabekov Sanzhar , Mussurova Saule , Sydykova Kamilya , Raimkulov Ilyas , Kabimoldayev Ilyas , Abdrakhmanova Ainagul , Omarkulova Symbat , Nurmukhambetov Dastan , Kudarova Aliya , Malgazhdar Daniyar , Schönbach Christian , Inglezakis Vassilis 
Published: November 2018

AbstractKazakhstan’s soil properties have yet to be comprehensively characterized. We sampled 40 sites consisting of ten major soil types at spring (wet) and late-summer (dry) seasons. The sample locations range from semi-arid to arid with an annual mean air temperature from 1.2 to 10.7 °C and annual precipitation from less than 200 to around 400 mm. Overall topsoil total (STC), organic (SOC), and inorganic (SIC) carbon did not change significantly between spring and late summer. STC and SOC show a wave like pattern from north to south with two maxima in northern and southern Kazakhstan and one minimum in central Kazakhstan. With a few exceptions SIC content at northern sites is generally low, whereas at Lake Balkhash SIC can exceed 75% of STC. Independent of the seasons, SOC significantly differed among soil types. Total nitrogen content distribution among our sampling sites followed a similar pattern as SOC with significant differences between soil types occurring in northern, central and southern Kazakhstan.
CRMO und andere entzündlich rheumatische Erkrankungen des Stammskeletts im Kindesalter
Authors: Rietschel Christoph , Wolf Joachim , Latta Kay 
Published: November 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Beteiligung der Wirbelsäule und der Iliosakralgelenke im Rahmen entzündlicher rheumatischer Erkrankungen im Kindesalter ist häufig schwer zu erkennen. Ärzte, die Kinder behandeln, sollten Kenntnisse über die unterschiedlichen Erkrankungen besitzen, um eine angemessene Therapie rechtzeitig zu beginnen und andere wichtige Differenzialdiagnosen wie bösartige Erkrankungen und bakterielle Osteomyelitiden auszuschließen. Die chronisch rekurrente multifokale Osteomyelitis (CRMO) betrifft häufig die Wirbelsäule und hat Potenzial zur Wirbelkörperschädigung. Die CRMO gilt heute als autoinflammatorische Erkrankung und zeigt einige Überlappungen zur Gruppe der Spondyloarthropathien (SpA). Bei Kindern und Jugendlichen wird die SpA üblicherweise als „Enthesitis-assoziierte Arthritis“ (EAA) bezeichnet und stellt eine Unterform der „juvenilen idiopathischen Arthritis“ (JIA) dar. Patienten mit EAA können eine typische Sakroiliitis und weniger häufig eine Beteiligung der lumbalen Wirbelsäule entwickeln. Im Gegensatz zur vorwiegend lumbalen Beteiligung bei EAA zeigt sich bei anderen Formen der JIA nicht selten eine potenziell schwer beeinträchtigende entzündliche Beteiligung der Halswirbelsäule. Ziel dieses Artikels ist es, ein Überblick über die unterschiedlichen klinischen und radiologischen Aspekte dieser Krankheitsbilder zu geben und auf die entsprechenden Behandlungsstrategien einzugehen.
Agendamelding and out-group derogation
Authors: Riley Jeffrey K. , Cowart Holly S. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis study is a mixed-method quantitative and qualitative content analysis that examined the overlapping presence of agendamelding theory and in-group out-group formation on the social media platform Reddit. The study looked at the top 10 posts for one month (n = 310) on the pro-Donald Trump subreddit /r/The_Donald. The results show that media choice was used to prove membership to the in-group, often by derogating the media used by the out-group. Specific patterns emerged within the derogative language as well. Links to left-wing and neutral news media sites were often commented on and criticized, while the content of the linked news article was ignored or changed. Right-wing news media sites, which were used as news sources rather than commentary, were typically posted without changes, unlike neutral news media sites, which were often posted in a mocking manner. As agendamelding suggests, participants sought to avoid dissonance by posting media to fit within the community.
¡Luego, luego!
Authors: Link Holly 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis article is a reflection on my experience as a researcher and bilingual educator based in the United States who works, teaches and conducts research with the Latinx community in an area with large numbers of Mexican immigrant families. In my reflection, I draw from my work at a non-profit center dedicated to the empowerment of the Latinx community to consider how bilingual community education can serve as an ideological and implementationaltranslanguaging space. I argue that acknowledging ideological and implementational aspects of translanguaging practice and pedagogy can be an early step on the path of social transformation in, for, and with language-minoritized communities. I end by calling for increased collaboration among educators, researchers, and community members in order to develop and explore translanguaging spaces with and for immigrant families, not just in the United States, but globally.
Effect of Electrical Annealing to the Inhomogeneity Improvement of Type-S Thermocouples
Authors: Trisna Beni Adi , Suherlan  , Wiriadinata Hidayat , Fajria Melati Azizka , Rifa’i Iip Ahmad , Tistomo Arfan Sindhu , Zaid Ghufron 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe thermoelectric inhomogeneity as a function of position along wires is one the significant uncertainty of measurement using thermocouples. Here we report development of an electrical annealing system for thermoelectric inhomogeneity treatment. Two inhomogeneous type-S thermocouples, which had the inhomogeneity greater than 0.04%emf, are successfully recovered using the system. An improvement on thermocouple performance as large as 0.28 °C (at temperature of 1000 °C) can be obtained using the system. This article provides detailed information and may help the reader to obtain a quick grasp about the system.
Female Cosmetic Genital Surgery: Patient Characteristics, Motivation, and Satisfaction
Authors: Kalaaji Amin , Dreyer Stine , Maric Ivana , Schnegg Jakob , Jönsson Vanja 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background
Female cosmetic genital surgery is rapidly growing. However, controversy reports raised around these procedures question their indications, motives, and safety. Warning against performing this surgery might unjustly restrict surgical alleviation of symptoms.

Objectives
Through anonymous research, the authors explored patient characteristics and motivation, when women started to think about surgery, and effects of surgery on psychosocial and cosmetic aspects.

Methods
Of 125 patients who underwent female cosmetic genital surgery at Oslo Plastic Surgery Clinic between 2010 and 2016, 69 patients were reachable by email. A questionnaire with 40 questions was completed anonymously. Answers were processed by a third, independent party via QuestBack return mail system.

Results
The response rate was 77%. Mean follow-up time was 31.4 months. Mean patient age was 30.8 years. Motivations for surgery were cosmetic (69.8%), physical/practical (62.3%), emotional (54.7%), and intimate (49.1%). When emotional reasons were involved, media (39.7%), pornography (31.5%), and negative comments (28.8%) influenced the decision to undergo surgery. Genital concerns had negative effects on self-esteem (63.2%) and sexual attractiveness (57.9%) among others; 90.5% thought about surgery for more than 1 year. The overall cosmetic result was satisfactory for 69.8%, and the operation as a whole was satisfactory for 75.5%.

Conclusions
Age, level of education, and gross income of patients who underwent this surgery seem high compared with those of breast implant patients. Genital dissatisfaction arose early in life and affected various psychosexual aspects. Most patients are satisfied with the outcome of surgery and would recommend this surgery to others. Additional anonymous multicenter studies are recommended.

Level of Evidence: 4
Predictive Policing and the Politics of Patterns
Authors: Kaufmann Mareile , Egbert Simon , Leese Matthias 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPatterns are the epistemological core of predictive policing. With the move towards digital prediction tools, the authority of the pattern is rearticulated and reinforced in police work. Based on empirical research about predictive policing software and practices, this article puts the authority of patterns into perspective. Introducing four ideal-typical styles of pattern identification, we illustrate that patterns are not based on a singular logic, but on varying rationalities that give form to and formalize different understandings about crime. Yet, patterns render such different modes of reasoning about crime, and the way in which they feed back into policing cultures, opaque. Ultimately, this invites a stronger reflection about the political nature of patterns.