bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changing perspectives
Authors: Vandelanotte Lieven 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper investigates questions of perspective shift or non-shift against a background of a basic deictic-cognitive divide in our understanding of what comes under the linguistic notion of perspective. In differentiating ‘distancing’ from ‘free’ indirect speech/thought in narratives, it proposes a new lens through which to reconsider a class of examples controlled in curious ways by the narrator’s deictic and cognitive perspective. Turning to a newer mode of communication – that of Internet memes combining set phrases and images in one multimodal package – the paper shows that despite this novelty, unusual uses of quotation in memes in fact join the ranks of existing non-quotative uses of quotation to express a stance rather than genuinely shift to a different discourse source. The paper also touches on the question of the constructional status of the ‘old’ and ‘new’ phenomena investigated.
Aspiration-based coevolution of node weights promotes cooperation in the spatial prisoner’s dilemma game
Authors: Chu Chen , Mu Chunjiang , Liu Jinzhuo , Liu Chen , Boccaletti Stefano , Shi Lei , Wang Zhen 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Coevolution is considered as an effective means to optimize the conditions for the survival of cooperation. In this work, we propose a coevolution rule between individuals’ node weights and aspiration, and then explore how this mechanism affects the evolution of cooperation in the spatial prisoner’s dilemma game. We show that there is an optimistic amplitude of node weights that guarantees the survival of cooperation even when temptation to antisocial behavior is relatively large. An explanation is provided from a microscopic point of view by dividing nodes into four different types. What is interesting, our coevolution rule results in spontaneous emergence of cyclic dominance, where defectors with low weight become cooperators by imitating cooperators with high weight.
On inductive limit spectral triples
Authors: Floricel Remus , Ghorbanpour Asghar 
Published: February 2019

Given an inductive system of spectral triples

{
(

A
j

,

H

j

,

D
j

)

}
j

\{(A_j,\mathcal {H}_j,D_j)\}_j

, we find conditions under which the triple

(

lim
⟶

A
j

,

lim
⟶

H
j

,

lim
⟶

D
j

)

(\underset {\longrightarrow }{\lim } A_j,\underset {\longrightarrow }{\lim } H_j,\underset {\longrightarrow }{\lim } D_j)

is a spectral triple. We also analyze and describe some classical examples of spectral triples in terms of these conditions.
Multisensory Environments to Measure Craving During Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Goodyear Kimberly 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
There are limited functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies that measure alcohol craving with multisensory environments. Researchers are faced with a two-fold challenge: to recreate a naturalistic environment during an MRI scan and to produce paradigms that mimic real-life conditions involved with craving. Craving is a multifaceted psychological construct and techniques such as fMRI provide an alternative way to measure craving and to have a better understanding of its complexity. Most studies to date have implemented visual stimuli to measure craving and only a few studies have investigated gustation and olfaction. Moving forward, there needs to be greater attention on the ways in which we measure craving and the use of multisensory environments during fMRI. By going beyond examining subjective craving responses, and investigating neurobiological responses such as brain activity during fMRI, can potentially lead to better treatments for alcohol use disorder. Further, there needs to be additional consideration on standardizing how we measure craving, which will allow for a more unified approach amongst researchers.
Social Pedagogy in the World Today: An Analysis of the Academic, Training and Professional Perspectives
Authors: Janer Hidalgo Àngela , Úcar Xavier 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe present a study of social pedagogy from a comparative perspective with the aim of offering an international overview of the current status of social pedagogy in the world. The lack of a universal conceptual definition for the term causes epistemological confusion and inaccuracy and has led to the emergence of multiple polarised perspectives on the concept in different contexts. Our study analyses the current situation from the academic, training and professional viewpoints, with the aim of developing a series of indicators to construct an updated, global and integrated view of social pedagogy. Each of these three visions forms a phase of research and uses a specific methodology: the academic perspective (qualitative methodology with the Delphi method), the training perspective (quantitative methodology with a statistical analysis) and the professional perspective (qualitative methodology with semi-structured interviews). Based On the triangulation of all results in different phases, our principal findings define the main dimensions of social pedagogy: contextual, historical, epistemological, functional, professional, methodological, normative and ethical and political. It also confirms that it is possible to define a theoretical, transdisciplinary and international common ground on social pedagogy and describe the specific features characteristic of each context.
Critical Questions on Critical Social Work: Students’ Perspectives
Authors: Barak Adi 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This research study explored the perspectives of social work students (n = 118) in the final semester of their studies regarding the implementation of critical social work in their future practices. Using performance ethnographies to collect data, students were asked to share their perspectives about implementing critical social work both in individual interventions and as a way to change the practice of mainstream social work organisations. Research ethnographies were analysed using a descriptive phenomenological approach, in an attempt to describe the shared essential experience of participants. Results demonstrated that students are influenced by several lines of thinking that come into direct conflict with one another: (i) they feel that critical social work is essential for individual interventions while also feeling that critical social work is not a priority for individual interventions and (ii) they feel that critical social work should and could change mainstream social work organisations while also feeling that critical social work should not and could not change mainstream social work organisations. These results contribute to a better understanding of the barriers in implementing critical social work, as well as the dilemmas and questions that should be addressed in social work education. Implications for social work education are outlined.
S194-P-FADD as a marker of aggressiveness and poor prognosis in human T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma
Authors: Marín-Rubio José L , Pérez-Gómez Eduardo , Fernández-Piqueras José , Villa-Morales María 
Published: February 2019

AbstractT-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma is a haematological disease with an urgent need for reliable prognostic biomarkers that allow therapeutic stratification and dose adjustment. The scarcity of human samples is responsible for the delayed progress in the study and the clinical management of this disease, especially compared with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, its leukemic counterpart. In the present work, we have determined by immunohistochemistry that S194-P-FADD protein is significantly reduced in a cohort of 22 samples from human T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma. Notably, the extent of such reduction varies significantly among samples and has revealed determinant for the outcome of the tumour. We demonstrate that Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD) phosphorylation status affects protein stability, subcellular localization and non-apoptotic functions, specifically cell proliferation. Phosphorylated FADD would be more stable and preferentially localized to the cell nucleus; there, it would favour cell proliferation. We show that patients with higher levels of S194-P-FADD exhibit more proliferative tumours and that they present worse clinical characteristics and a significant enrichment to an oncogenic signature. This supports that FADD phosphorylation may serve as a predictor for T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma aggressiveness and clinical status. In summary, we propose FADD phosphorylation as a new biomarker with prognostic value in T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma.
Addition of Flucytosine to Fluconazole for the Treatment of Cryptococcal Meningitis in Africa: A Multicountry Cost-effectiveness Analysis
Authors: Shiri Tinevimbo , Loyse Angela , Mwenge Lawrence , Chen Tao , Lakhi Shabir , Chanda Duncan , Mwaba Peter , Molloy Síle F , Heyderman Robert S , Kanyama Cecilia , Hosseinipour Mina C , Kouanfack Charles , Temfack Elvis , Mfinanga Sayoki , Kivuyo Sokoine , Chan Adrienne K , Jarvis Joseph N , Lortholary Olivier , Jaffar Shabbar , Niessen Louis W , Harrison Thomas S 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background
Mortality from cryptococcal meningitis remains very high in Africa. In the Advancing Cryptococcal Meningitis Treatment for Africa (ACTA) trial, 2 weeks of fluconazole (FLU) plus flucytosine (5FC) was as effective and less costly than 2 weeks of amphotericin-based regimens. However, many African settings treat with FLU monotherapy, and the cost-effectiveness of adding 5FC to FLU is uncertain.

Methods
The effectiveness and costs of FLU+5FC were taken from ACTA, which included a costing analysis at the Zambian site. The effectiveness of FLU was derived from cohorts of consecutively enrolled patients, managed in respects other than drug therapy, as were participants in ACTA. FLU costs were derived from costs of FLU+5FC in ACTA, by subtracting 5FC drug and monitoring costs. The cost-effectiveness of FLU+5FC vs FLU alone was measured as the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). A probabilistic sensitivity analysis assessed uncertainties and a bivariate deterministic sensitivity analysis examined the impact of varying mortality and 5FC drug costs on the ICER.

Results
The mean costs per patient were US $847 (95% confidence interval [CI] $776–927) for FLU+5FC, and US $628 (95% CI $557–709) for FLU. The 10-week mortality rate was 35.1% (95% CI 28.9–41.7%) with FLU+5FC and 53.8% (95% CI 43.1–64.1%) with FLU. At the current 5FC price of US $1.30 per 500 mg tablet, the ICER of 5FC+FLU versus FLU alone was US $65 (95% CI $28–208) per life-year saved. Reducing the 5FC cost to between US $0.80 and US $0.40 per 500 mg resulted in an ICER between US $44 and US $28 per life-year saved.

Conclusions
The addition of 5FC to FLU is cost-effective for cryptococcal meningitis treatment in Africa and, if made available widely, could substantially reduce mortality rates among human immunodeficiency virus–infected persons in Africa.
Prophylactic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator in the very elderly
Authors: Zakine Cyril , Garcia Rodrigue , Narayanan Kumar , Gandjbakhch Estelle , Algalarrondo Vincent , Lellouche Nicolas , Perier Marie-Cécile , Fauchier Laurent , Gras Daniel , Bordachar Pierre , Piot Olivier , Babuty Dominique , Sadoul Nicolas , Defaye Pascal , Deharo Jean-Claude , Klug Didier , Leclercq Christophe , Extramiana Fabrice , Boveda Serge , Marijon Eloi 
Published: February 2019

Aims
Current guidelines do not propose any age cut-off for the primary prevention implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD). However, the risk/benefit balance in the very elderly population has not been well studied.

Methods and results
In a multicentre French study assessing patients implanted with an ICD for primary prevention, outcomes among patients aged ≥80 years were compared with <80 years old controls matched for sex and underlying heart disease (ischaemic and dilated cardiomyopathy). A total of 300 ICD recipients were enrolled in this specific analysis, including 150 patients ≥80 years (mean age 81.9 ± 2.0 years; 86.7% males) and 150 controls (mean age 61.8 ± 10.8 years). Among older patients, 92 (75.6%) had no more than one associated comorbidity. Most subjects in the elderly group got an ICD as part of a cardiac resynchronization therapy procedure (74% vs. 46%, P < 0.0001). After a mean follow-up of 3.0 ± 2 years, 53 patients (35%) in the elderly group died, including 38.2% from non cardiovascular causes of death. Similar proportion of patients received ≥1 appropriate therapy (19.4% vs. 21.6%; P = 0.65) in the elderly group and controls, respectively. There was a trend towards more early perioperative events (P = 0.10) in the elderly, with no significant increase in late complications (P = 0.73).

Conclusion
Primary prevention ICD recipients ≥80 years in the real world had relatively low associated comorbidity. Rates of appropriate therapies and device-related complications were similar, compared with younger subjects. Nevertheless, the inherent limitations in interpreting observational data on this particular competing risk situation call for randomized controlled trials to provide definitive answers. Meanwhile, a careful multidisciplinary evaluation is needed to guide patient selection for ICD implantation in the elderly population.
How do surgeons decide? Conduit choice in coronary artery bypass graft surgery in the UK
Authors: Jayakumar Shruti , Gasparini Marisa , Treasure Tom , Burdett Clare ,   Cardiothoracic Trainees Research Collaborative, Jozsa Felix , Padfield Olivia , Strickland Jonathan , Murugesu Nilaani , Samuel Nathan , Noor Mohammed Said , Roseman Gerald , Budcan Alina , Dirir Omar , Keshwala Uday , Wasim Sara , Thomson Andrew , Mouy Florence , Gupta Sandipika , Richards Caryl , Bar Emily , Pearson Nicholas , Nichani Sahil , Tew Yong Yong , Tan Gerald , Ying Hey Cong , Sivanesan Omkaar 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Conduits used in coronary artery bypass grafting may have significant impact on outcomes, but evidence is mixed and there is large variation in practice. This study provides insights into the opinions of the UK surgeons on conduit use and their decision-making processes.

METHODS
A questionnaire was created using the Ottawa Decision Support Framework to elicit the importance that surgeons placed on bilateral internal mammary artery grafting, skeletonization, total arterial revascularization and sequential anastomoses on a scale of 1–10. Scores ≥8 were deemed ‘important’ and ≤3 ‘not important’. Surgeons were asked to specify changes to practice in frail patients or emergencies. Additional questions included conduit type used, factors affecting decision-making and vein harvesting methods. Questionnaires were administered in person with data analysed centrally.

RESULTS
Ninety-seven consultant cardiac surgeons from 25 centres responded. Thirty-two percent surgeons routinely used radial arteries and 36% used right internal mammary artery. High-quality evidence contributed most to decision-making receiving a total of 328/960 points, with consultant experience being the second (255/960 points). There was a bimodal distribution of perceived importance of bilateral internal mammary artery use, with 29 (30%) ‘important’ and ‘not important’ scores each. 23% of surgeons found total arterial revascularization important. Most surgeons (64%) preferred pedicled mammary arteries. Twenty-six percent of surgeons considered sequential grafting to be important.

CONCLUSIONS
Low uptake of total arterial revascularization and bilateral internal mammary artery among the UK consultants may be due to the lack of high-quality evidence demonstrating a significant benefit. It is also possible that reluctance to use certain conduits may stem from low levels of exposure to conduits or inadequate training, particularly given the importance of consultant experience on decision-making.
Constrained controllability of second order retarded nonlinear systems with nonlocal condition
Authors: Kumar Suman , Sakthivel R 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this paper, the constrained controllability of the second order retarded nonlinear systems with nonlocal condition has been established by using the theory of cosine families and the generalized open mapping theorem. A new set of sufficient conditions for the constrained controllability of retarded nonlinear systems is established under the assumption that the associated linear system is controllable. By using the Banach fixed point theorem, the existence of mild solution for the considered system with nonlocal delay condition has been deduced. Finally, an example is provided to verify the effectiveness of the obtained theory.
Polynomial Parametrization for SL2 over Quadratic Number Rings
Authors: Larsen Michael , Nguyen Dong Quan Ngoc 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
If $R$ is the ring of integers of a number field, then there exists a polynomial parametrization of the set $\operatorname{SL}_2(R)$, that is, an element $A\in{\textrm{SL}}_2(\mathbb{Z}[x_1,\ldots ,x_n])$ such that every element of $\operatorname{SL}_2(R)$ is obtained by specializing $A$ via some homomorphism $\mathbb{Z}[x_1,\ldots ,x_n]\to R$.
Decision-Making in Revolutionary States: Beyond the Whims of Charismatic Leaders
Authors: Rouhi Mahsa , Snow Jonathan L 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Understanding how foreign policy decisions are made in revolutionary states has proven to be a difficult puzzle for scholars and practitioners alike. While political scientists have made great strides in developing standard decision-making frameworks, those have generally been based on the experiences and conditions of Western states and rely on stable government structures for their explanatory power. Revolutionary states by their very nature lack this stability, since the conditions of revolution commonly result in major reorganizations or wholesale removal of preexisting government structures. In this article, we begin to build a new framework for understanding decision-making in revolutionary states and employ case studies of Iran, Russia, Sudan, and Afghanistan to show that the process in these states involves input and considerations from various actors and therefore cannot be understood by simply looking at the desires of the charismatic leaders that are so often the focus of outside analysts.
Somatization and Coping in Ethnic Minority Recruits
Authors: Nakkas Can , Annen Hubert , Brand Serge 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionMilitary service can have beneficial social effects on minorities. However, minority groups are also often at greater risk of somatizing psychological distress and coping maladaptively. In military training this would result in lower mental health of minorities and contribute to higher drop-out rates. We thus examined if recruits with different ethnocultural backgrounds report different somatization levels and coping styles.Materials and MethodsSeven hundred and forty male recruits of the Swiss Armed Forces aged 18–26 took part in a cross-sectional study during basic training. Participants filled out self-rating questionnaires covering sociodemographics, somatization (SCL-90-R), coping styles (INCOPE-2), and social support (F-SozU). The recruits’ ethnic self-identification was used to compare three groups: native Swiss (89%); Turkish or Balkan minority (5%); heterogeneous ethnic minority (6%). Group differences in somatization scores were tested with a Kruskal–Wallis test; group differences in coping styles were tested with a multivariate ANCOVA, controlling for the level of social support experienced.ResultsRecruits from the heterogeneous ethnic minority group reported significantly greater levels of somatization than their native Swiss comrades. Coping styles did not differ between the three ethnic groups, but higher levels of social support were associated with better coping.ConclusionMilitary doctors ought to place importance on the differential diagnosis of medically unexplained physical symptoms in ethnic minority recruits. This would contribute to minimize the risk of misdiagnosis. Military mental health professionals who counsel recruits reporting somatic symptoms are advised to be sensitized to an ethnic minority status. Physical complaints could mask affective problems or be part of an adjustment disorder symptomatology.
Young Adult Tobacco and E-cigarette Use Transitions: Examining Stability Using Multistate Modeling
Authors: Niaura Raymond , Rich Ilan , Johnson Amanda L , Villanti Andrea C , Romberg Alexa R , Hair Elizabeth C , Vallone Donna M , Abrams David B 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Introduction
The objective of this study was to describe tobacco and nicotine product use state transition probabilities among youth and young adults over time.

Methods
A national sample of young adult tobacco product users and nonusers between the ages of 18 and 34 years at baseline was surveyed at 6-month intervals for 3 years. Use and nonuse states were defined as mutually exclusive categories based on self-reported, past 30-day use of the various products. Never use, noncurrent use, and current use of combustible, noncombustible tobacco, and electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) products was assessed at each interval. A multistate model was fit to estimate transition probabilities between states and length of stay within each state.

Results
After 6 months, same-state transition probabilities were high for all use states (0.76–0.96), except for dual product use (0.48). After 3 years, transition probabilities were smaller and tended to converge toward combustible product use for baseline e-cigarette (0.42), combustible (0.51), and dual product users (0.52). Age was inversely associated with transition risk from never or noncurrent use to use of combustible or e-cigarette products.

Conclusions
Never and noncurrent users, followed by combustible product users, were most likely to remain in those states throughout the 3-year observation interval. Users of any tobacco or e-cigarette product at baseline were most likely to transition to combustible product use or noncurrent use by the final follow-up.

Implications
This study describes the probability of transitioning between various states of tobacco product use, including never and no current use, over a span of 3 years in a sample of young adults. This type of longitudinal description, which includes all tobacco product use states, is lacking in most studies that tend to focus on one or only a few products. The results suggest that it is important to assess outcomes over a sufficiently long period to capture true variability in patterns of product use.