bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observing Action Sequences Elicits Sequence-Specific Neural Representations in Frontoparietal Brain Regions
Authors: Apšvalka Dace , Cross Emily S. , Ramsey Richard 
Published: October 2018

Learning new skills by watching others is important for social and motor development throughout the lifespan. Prior research has suggested that observational learning shares common substrates with physical practice at both cognitive and brain levels. In addition, neuroimaging studies have used multivariate analysis techniques to understand neural representations in a variety of domains, including vision, audition, memory, and action, but few studies have investigated neural plasticity in representational space. Therefore, although movement sequences can be learned by observing other people's actions, a largely unanswered question in neuroscience is how experience shapes the representational space of neural systems. Here, across a sample of male and female participants, we combined pretraining and posttraining fMRI sessions with 6 d of observational practice to determine whether the observation of action sequences elicits sequence-specific representations in human frontoparietal brain regions and the extent to which these representations become more distinct with observational practice. Our results showed that observed action sequences are modeled by distinct patterns of activity in frontoparietal cortex and that such representations largely generalize to very similar, but untrained, sequences. These findings advance our understanding of what is modeled during observational learning (sequence-specific information), as well as how it is modeled (reorganization of frontoparietal cortex is similar to that previously shown following physical practice). Therefore, on a more fine-grained neural level than demonstrated previously, our findings reveal how the representational structure of frontoparietal cortex maps visual information onto motor circuits in order to enhance motor performance.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTLearning by watching others is a cornerstone in the development of expertise and skilled behavior. However, it remains unclear how visual signals are mapped onto motor circuits for such learning to occur. Here, we show that observed action sequences are modeled by distinct patterns of activity in frontoparietal cortex and that such representations largely generalize to very similar, but untrained, sequences. These findings advance our understanding of what is modeled during observational learning (sequence-specific information), as well as how it is modeled (reorganization of frontoparietal cortex is similar to that previously shown following physical practice). More generally, these findings demonstrate how motor circuit involvement in the perception of action sequences shows high fidelity to prior work, which focused on physical performance of action sequences.
Critical analysis and inferential potential of Sable Island historical sources
Authors: Mior Aaron 
Published: October 2018

Over four hundred years of history has been documented in a variety of primary and secondary resource materials regarding the cultural maritime landscape on Sable Island. While this wealth of resource data provides intricate details regarding historical human occupation on the island, in order to derive conclusions and inferences from the data a critical analysis of this resource material should be conducted. The remote location of Sable Island, and the comparably limited historical human occupation, presents a unique, primarily undisturbed, maritime landscape to investigate scientifically. This paper examines the ability to study and analyze the historical events related to the island’s maritime history which specifically occurred on the island. The essential purpose of this article is to evaluate the variety of historical sources documenting the maritime history on Sable Island and argue for the classification of these sources based on their perceived reliability and accuracy. Only when the historical sources have been critically analyzed can they be utilized to provide greater inferential potential and confidently test hypotheses to develop relevant conclusions regarding events which specifically occurred directly on the island.
Speckled trout population parameters, habitat conditions and management strategies in lakes in Nova Scotia, Canada
Authors: Ryan Amy , MacMillan John L. 
Published: October 2018

A principal components analysis was conducted on the results of published reports and data sets from technical papers that include speckled trout Salvelinus fontinalis population estimates from 14 Nova Scotia lakes. The purpose of this paper was to identify the factors that influenced trout density and biomass. Population parameters, including mean fork length (cm), population density (n/ha), and population biomass (kg/ha), relative to variation in lake size, acidity, and competitor species were assessed and compared among lakes. Populations with small mean length and slow growth displayed larger fish density and biomass suggesting density-dependence. Acidic conditions potentially impact spawning potential and reduced recruitment that resulted in small population density and larger trout. The number of other fish species present in the lakes was used as an index of competition and had the greatest impact on trout density and biomass in Nova Scotia lakes. Yellow perch seemed to have the most impact of all the competitor species. In five lakes that contained yellow perch the mean trout population biomass was 0.19 kg-ha-1 (0.2,SD) compared to 4.5 kg-ha-1 (0.26, SD) in eight lakes that did not contain perch species. Lentic habitat conditions can greatly influence the potential success of different fisheries management strategies.
Highly Contiguous Genome Assemblies of 15 Drosophila Species Generated Using Nanopore Sequencing
Authors: Miller Danny E , Staber Cynthia , Zeitlinger Julia , Hawley R Scott 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The Drosophila genus is a unique group containing a wide range of species that occupy diverse ecosystems. In addition to the most widely studied species, Drosophila melanogaster, many other members in this genus also possess a well-developed set of genetic tools. Indeed, high-quality genomes exist for several species within the genus, facilitating studies of the function and evolution of cis-regulatory regions and proteins by allowing comparisons across at least 50 million years of evolution. Yet, the available genomes still fail to capture much of the substantial genetic diversity within the Drosophila genus. We have therefore tested protocols to rapidly and inexpensively sequence and assemble the genome from any Drosophila species using single-molecule sequencing technology from Oxford Nanopore. Here, we use this technology to present highly contiguous genome assemblies of 15 Drosophila species: 10 of the 12 originally sequenced Drosophila species (ananassae, erecta, mojavensis, persimilis, pseudoobscura, sechellia, simulans, virilis, willistoni, and yakuba), four additional species that had previously reported assemblies (biarmipes, bipectinata, eugracilis, and mauritiana), and one novel assembly (triauraria). Genomes were generated from an average of 29x depth-of-coverage data that after assembly resulted in an average contig N50 of 4.4 Mb. Subsequent alignment of contigs from the published reference genomes demonstrates that our assemblies could be used to close over 60% of the gaps present in the currently published reference genomes. Importantly, the materials and reagents cost for each genome was approximately $1,000 (USD). This study demonstrates the power and cost-effectiveness of long-read sequencing for genome assembly in Drosophila and provides a framework for the affordable sequencing and assembly of additional Drosophila genomes.
Functional Interactions Betweenrsks-1/S6K,glp-1/Notch, and Regulators ofCaenorhabditis elegansFertility and Germline Stem Cell Maintenance
Authors: Roy Debasmita , Kahler David J , Yun Chi , Hubbard E Jane Albert 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe proper accumulation and maintenance of stem cells is critical for organ development and homeostasis. The Notch signaling pathway maintains stem cells in diverse organisms and organ systems. In Caenorhabditis elegans, GLP-1/Notch activity prevents germline stem cell (GSC) differentiation. Other signaling mechanisms also influence the maintenance of GSCs, including the highly-conserved TOR substrate ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K). Although C. elegans bearing either a null mutation in rsks-1/S6K or a reduction-of-function (rf) mutation in glp-1/Notch produce half the normal number of adult germline progenitors, virtually all these single mutant animals are fertile. However, glp-1(rf) rsks-1(null) double mutant animals are all sterile, and in about half of their gonads, all GSCs differentiate, a distinctive phenotype associated with a significant reduction or loss of GLP-1 signaling. How rsks-1/S6K promotes GSC fate is unknown. Here, we determine that rsks-1/S6K acts germline-autonomously to maintain GSCs, and that it does not act through Cyclin-E or MAP kinase in this role. We found that interfering with translation also enhances glp-1(rf), but that regulation through rsks-1 cannot fully account for this effect. In a genome-scale RNAi screen for genes that act similarly to rsks-1/S6K, we identified 56 RNAi enhancers of glp-1(rf) sterility, many of which were previously not known to interact functionally with Notch. Further investigation revealed at least six candidates that, by genetic criteria, act linearly with rsks-1/S6K. These include genes encoding translation-related proteins, cacn-1/Cactin, an RNA exosome component, and a Hedgehog-related ligand. We found that additional Hedgehog-related ligands may share functional relationships with glp-1/Notch and rsks-1/S6K in maintaining germline progenitors.
Цели и итоги русской революции
Authors: Олейников Юрий Васильевич 
Published: October 2018

<p class="Standard">Сто лет интенсивных исследований социальной революции в России в ХХ в. и практика революционных преобразований в СССР позволяют более обоснованно верифицировать основные положения теории развития общества К. Маркса и критически осмыслить имеющиеся интерпретации сущности и содержания реальных процессов социальных трансформаций в России/СССР. Становление социализма показало, что поставленная революционерами цель — социалистическое общество — не могла быть достигнута в силу недостаточной зрелости объективных условий и субъективного фактора революции. На всем протяжении своего исторического существования СССР представлял собой некое общество-кентавр, в котором сочеталось несочетаемое: материальные производительные силы, адекватные индустриальному капитализму, и соответствующий им незрелый субъект революционных преобразований, который оказался неспособным обеспечить переход бытия общества от предыстории к подлинной истории.</p><p class="Standard">Трагедия русской революции видится в том, что антикоммунистический переворот произошел в стране в тот исторический период, когда стали складываться реальные предпосылки самоотрицания капитализма. Они были обусловлены начавшейся революцией в производительных силах. Некоторые проявления самоотрицания капитализма, выявленные К. Марксом в ходе исследования социальных последствий, связанных с использованием в качестве производительных сил природных агентов производства, демонстрируют страны, вступившие в стадию посткапитализма — пограничье социальных эпох.</p><p class="Standard">Русская революция спровоцировала небывалое соревнование капитализма с нарождающимся социализмом в научно-технической сфере, их конкуренцию в области экономического развития, идеологического обоснования своих преимуществ и влияния на мировой процесс социального развития.<em></em></p>
Военная безопасность России: актуальные проблемы
Authors: Крылова Ирина Анатольевна 
Published: October 2018

<p>В статье дан анализ чрезвычайно сложной современной международной обстановки, чреватой нарастанием угрозы мировой войны. Показано, что нынешнее обострение военно-политической напряженности в мире связано со сменой технологических и мирохозяйственных укладов, вековых циклов накопления и глобальных игроков на международной арене.</p><p>Выделены основные признаки новой холодной войны против России: главное идеологическое противоречие — ориентация США и стран НАТО на сохранение однополярного мироустройства, ориентация России и союзников — на многополярный мир; наличие противоборствующих сторон: страны «золотого миллиарда» (блок НАТО) и страны, стремящиеся к установлению многополярного мира (БРИКС, Евразийский экономический союз, ШОС, ОДКБ); антагонистические цели: общая цель США и стран Запада — сохранение однополярного мира, частная цель — устранение основных геополитических противников, общая цель России и союзников — формирование многополярного мира, частная — обеспечение государственного суверенитета и национальной безопасности; ограниченные вооруженные конфликты; достижение политических целей военной силой; активизация военно-морских учений; новый этап гонки вооружений; экономические войны (санкции); приостановка сотрудничества России и НАТО.</p><p>Рассматриваются актуальные вопросы влияния расширения НАТО на обеспечение безопасности Российской Федерации. Исследуются четыре основных фактора, определяющих в настоящее время отношения НАТО и России: «украинский фактор», «кавказский фактор», «сирийский фактор», а также фактор «концентрации» в прибалтийских государствах (Литве, Латвии, Эстонии и Польше). Сделано заключение о постоянном риске эскалации противостояния, представляющего угрозу военной и национальной безопасности Российской Федерации.</p><p>Показана опасность разрабатываемых американскими стратегами концепций ограниченной ядерной войны и быстрого глобального удара, что негативно сказывается на обеспечении стратегической стабильности в современном мире.</p><p>Особое внимание уделяется уникальной автоматизированной, не имеющей аналогов в мире российской системе «Периметр», известной в Западной Европе и США как «Мертвая рука» (Dead Hand), которая гарантирует возможность нанесения ответного ядерного удара по противнику при любых обстоятельствах. Подчеркнуты преимущества данной системы перед имеющимися «дублирующими» аналогами в США и Великобритании. Сделан вывод о необходимости в условиях обострения конфронтации с Западом укрепления экономики и обороноспособности России для обеспечения военной и национальной безопасности, а также создания широкой антивоенной коалиции стран, способных остановить американскую агрессию.</p>
Anemi nedeniyle yapılan gastroskopi ve kolonoskopi sonuçlarının değerlendirilmesi
Authors: BAYRAM Mehmet , KÖKSAL Ali Rıza , BOĞA Salih , ALKIM Hüseyin , ŞEN İlker , ALKIM Canan 
Published: October 2018

Giriş ve Amaç: Anemi etiyolojisini araştırmada özofagogastroduodenoskopi
(gastroskopi) ve kolonoskopi yapılması gerekli olan tetkiklerdir. Endoskopi
ünitemizde anemi nedeniyle yapılan gastroskopi ve kolonoskopi işlemlerinin
sonuçlarını retrospektif olarak değerlendirmeyi amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntem:
Ocak 2012-Aralık 2013 tarihleri arasında Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Eğitim
ve Araştırma Hastanesi Gastroenteroloji Kliniği endoskopi ünitesinde anemi
endikasyonu ile yapılmış olan 545 gastroskopi ve 398 kolonoskopi işleminin
sonuçları retrospektif olarak bilgisayar veri tabanından elde edildi. Bulgular:
Anemi nedeniyle gastroskopi istenen 545 hastanın 214’ü (%39) erkek ve
331’i (%61) kadındı. Hastaların ortalama yaşı 53.8±17.2 yıl olarak bulundu.
Bu hastaların toplam %27.2’sinde özofagus varisi, mide kanseri, gastroduodenal
ülser, angiodisplazi ve geçirilmiş mide ameliyatı gibi anemiyi açıklayabilecek
patoloji saptandı. Bu oran kadın hastalarda %20, erkek hastalarda
%39 olarak; 50 yaş altı hastalarda %19, 50 yaş üstü hastalarda %34 olarak
bulundu. Anemi nedeniyle kolonoskopi yapılan 398 hastanın 171’i (%43)
erkek ve 227’si (%57) kadındı. Hastaların ortalama yaşı 56.9±15.7 yıl idi.
Kolonoskopi yapılan hastaların %40.5’inde anemiye sebep olabilecek patoloji
saptandı. Bu oran kadın hastalarda %33.5, erkek hastalarda %49.7 olarak;
50 yaş altı hastalarda %22, 50 yaş üstü hastalarda %49.1 olarak bulundu.
Anemi nedeniyle gastroskopi yapılan hastaların %1.8’inde malignite saptanırken,
kolonoskopi yapılan hastaların ise %3.3’ünde malignite, %21.6’sında
polip saptandı. Sonuç: Demir eksikliği anemisi etiyolojisi araştırmak için
yapılan alt ve üst gastrointestinal sistem endoskopik incelemeleri ile 50 yaş
üstü ve erkek hasta grubunda anemiyi açıklayacak patoloji saptama oranı
daha yüksektir.
Computer vision syndrome
Authors: Amalia Husnun 
Published: September 2018

Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) adalah keluhan gangguan penglihatan yang disebabkan oleh penggunaan komputer. Keluhan ini berhubungan dengan penggunaan Visual Display Terminal (VDT). Pada kehidupan modern, VDT adalah alat yang telah menjadi sebuah kebutuhan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dan alat-alat ini harus selalu tersedia sebagai sarana di intitusi pendidikan, perkantoran dan di rumah. Alat yang termasuk VDT adalah monitor komputer, telepon genggam, tablet, laptop, handheld konsol dan lain-lain. Saat ini komputer sangat membantu aktivitas manusia namun monitor komputer mengeuarkan radiasi dan gelombang seperti sinar ultraviolet dan sinar X yang bila terpapar dalam jangka waktu lama akan mengakibatkan gangguan fisiologis pada mata.
Pevalensi CVS mencapai 64-90% pada pengguna VDT dengan jumlah penderita di seluruh dunia diperkirakan sebesar 60 juta orang dan setiap tahun akan terus muncul 1 juta kasus baru. Prevalensi CVS pada mahasiswa teknik mencapai 81,9% lebih tinggi dibandingkan mahasiswa kedokteran yaitu sebesar 78,6%. Computer Vision Syndrome dapat terjadi pada anak-anak dan keluhan CVS pada ada anak-anak akan muncul lebih cepat dibandingkan pada orang dewasa. Komputer didisain untuk digunakan oleh orang dewasakomputer tidak ergonomik untuk digunakan oleh anak-anak. Hal ini menyebabkan CVS pada anak-anak akan disertai dengan keluhan muskuloskeletal.
Rasio lingkar pinggang panggul berhubungan dengan kadar kolesterol total pada dewasa
Authors: Larasati Syifa , Alvina Alvina 
Published: September 2018

LATAR BELAKANGHiperkolesterolemia adalah keadaan meningkatnya kadar kolesterol dalam darah melebihi batas normal, yang meningkatkan risiko terjadinya penyakit kardiovaskular dan stroke. Secara global, satu dari tiga kasus penyakit jantung iskemik dinyatakan berkaitan dengan kadar kolesterol darah yang tinggi. Tercatat proporsi penduduk Indonesia usia ≥15 tahun dengan kadar kolesterol total di atas nilai normal mencapai 35,9%. Salah satu faktor yang dikaitkan dengan hiperkolesterolemia adalah obesitas atau keadaan akumulasi lemak berlebih pada jaringan adiposa, khususnya obesitas abdominal. Obesitas abdominal dapat dinilai melalui pengukuran rasio lingkar pinggang panggul. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan rasio lingkar pinggal panggul dengan kadar kolesterol total.
METODEPenelitian ini merupakan studi analitik dengan rancangan cross-sectional pada 60 subyek dewasa berusia 26-65 tahun. Pengukuran kadar kolesterol menggunakan alat finger-prick dan strip cholesterol test NESCO. Pengukuran lingkar pinggang panggul menggunakan pita ukur. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat dengan uji Chi-Square.
HASILSebagian besar responden (55%) berusia >35 tahun. Responden dengan RLPP di atas normal sebanyak 38,3% dan kadar kolesterol total meningkat sebanyak 28,3%. Uji Chi-Square menunjukkan hasil terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara rasio lingkar pinggang panggul dan kadar kolesterol total (p = 0,001).
KESIMPULANRasio lingkar pinggang panggul berhubungan dengan kadar kolesterol total pada dewasa.
<b> NUANÇAS POLÍTICAS ENTRE A TELEVISÃO E A ASSISTÊNCIA SOCIAL CATÓLICAS: CANÇÃO NOVA E CARITAS BRASILEIRA </b>
Authors: Souza André Ricardo de , Placeres Giulliano 
Published: October 2018

A atividade assistencial é a mais antiga e tradicional associada à religião como um todo e ao catolicismo em particular, enquanto a atividade televisiva é uma das mais novas e modernas. No Brasil, a maior emissora de TVcatólica é a Canção Nova,ao passo que a organização vinculada à igreja que mais se dedica ao trabalho assistencial é a unidade nacional da Cáritas. Ambas têm grande abrangência no país, respaldo da CNBB e também significativa trajetória relacionada com a política secular. Enquanto a Canção Nova prossegue sendo bastante identificada com Renovação Carismática Católica, a Cáritas Brasileira se pauta em grande medida pela Teologia da libertação. Produzido a partir de trabalho de campo e sistemática consulta bibliográfica, o artigo avalia como essas duas importantes organizações católicas expressam atualmente a maleabilidade do catolicismo brasileiro em termos políticos e ideológicos.
O PROCESSO DE ANALCIMIZAÇÃO DE UM KAMAFUGITO (LUZ262) DO CENTRO-OESTE MINEIRO
Authors: Figueiredo Carolina Almeida , Chaves Alexandre de Oliveira , Sgarbi Patrícia Barbosa de Albuquerque , Fernandes Maria Lourdes Souza 
Published: September 2018

Resumo:O presente trabalho é um estudo petrográfico das fases primárias e secundárias de uma rocha kamafugítica, intrusão nomeada Luz262, de um afloramento próximo a BR 262, nos arredores da cidade de Luz, no centro-oeste mineiro. A rocha é composta por olivina, parcialmente substituída por serpentina, clinopiroxênio, perovskita, flogopita, opacos, pseudomorfos de leucita (analcima), vênulas de natrolita e material intersticial (vidro vulcânico/feldspatóide). A rocha apresenta xenólitos sedimentares de siltitos, compostos principalmente por ortoclásio, provenientes da Formação Serra da Saudade; além de autólitos constituídos basicamente por clinopiroxênio, perovskita, opacos, apatita, pseudomorfos de leucita e natrolita. A rocha foi classificada como leucita-mafurito com base na presença limitada de leucita (cerca de 10% modal), além da provável presença de kalsilita intersticial, como já descrito anteriormente em rochas semelhantes do Grupo Mata da Corda, da Província Ígnea do Alto Paranaíba. A partir de análises petrográficas por microscópio óptico, mineralógicas por difratometria de raios-x e químicas por microssonda eletrônica foi determinado que os feldspatóides originalmente potássicos, sofreram um processo secundário de troca do K pelo Na, representado na substituição de leucita e kalsilita por analcima.Palavras-chave: Kamafugito, petrografia, analcimização, Minas Gerais AbstractTHE ANALCIMIZATION PROCESS OF A KAMAFUGITE (LUZ262) FROM THE MIDWEST OF MINAS GERAIS. The present paper is a petrographic study of the primary and secondary phases of a kamafugitic rock, intrusion named as Luz262, found in an outcrop nearby BR-262, nearby the town of Luz in the middle west of Minas Gerais. The kamafugite is composed by olivine partially replaced by serpentine, clinopyroxene, perovskite, flogopite, opaques, leucite pseudomorphs (analcime), veins of natrolite and interstitial material (volcanic glass/feldspathoid). The rock contains sedimentary xenoliths of siltite, mainly constituted of orthoclase from the Serra da Saudade Formation, as well as autoliths composed basically of clinopiroxene, perovskite, opaques, apatite, leucite pseudomorphs and natrolite. The rock is classified as leucite-mafurite based on the limited presence of leucite (around 10% modal), besides the probable presence of interstitial kalsilite, as previously described on similar rocks of the Mata da Corda Group from the Alto Paranaíba Province. By using petrographic analysis with optical microscope, mineralogical analysis by x-ray diffraction and chemical microanalysis with electron microprobe it was determined that the feldspathoids originally potassic, suffered a secondary change process of K by Na, with transformation of leucite and kalsilite to analcime. Keywords: Kamafugite, Petrography, Analcimization, Minas Gerais