bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Melt Events in A Nascent Mantle Wedge: Implication from the Luobusa Ophiolite, Tibet
Authors: ZHANG Pengfei , ZHOU Meifu , MALPAS John , ROBINSON Paul 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe compositions of minerals and whole rocks of the Luobusa ophiolite in South Tibet, a fragment of Neo‐Tethyan forearc lithosphere, is used to investigate the magmatic evolution of nascent mantle wedges in newly‐initiated subduction zones. Clinopyroxenes in the Luobusa peridotites all have diopsidic compositions, and their Al2O3 contents vary from ∼ 2% in the dunites and refractory harzburgites to 2‐4% in the cpx‐bearing harzburgites. The REE of clinopyroxenes in the harzburgites have left‐sloping patterns with contents comparable to those in abyssal peridotites that have experienced 5‐15% partial melting. Chromites in the Luobusa chromitites have the highest Cr#s (∼ 80) and TiO2 contents (0.1‐0.2%), and those in the cpx‐bearing harzburgites have the lowest Cr#s (20‐60) and TiO2 contents (0‐0.1%), whereas those in refractory harzburgites and dunites have intermediate compositions. Cpx‐bearing and refractory harzburgites show spoon‐and U‐shaped REE patterns, respectively, and their HREE distribution patterns suggest at least 15%‐ 20% partial melting. The REE patterns of dunites and high‐Cr chromitites vary from spoon‐ to U‐shaped and require 15‐30% partial melting in their mantle sources to produce their parental melts. Our dataset reveals that the nascent Luobusa mantle wedge was first infiltrated by slab‐derived fluids and later refertilized by transitional lava‐like melts, resulting in cpx‐bearing harzburgites. Partial melting in the deeper cpx‐bearing mantle generated high‐Ca boninitic to arc picritic melts, which interacted with the peridotites in the uppermost mantle to generate high‐Cr chromitites, dunites and some refractory harzburgites. Lithological variation from cpx‐bearing to refractory harzburgites in forearc ophiolites is the result of multi‐stage melt events rather than increasing degrees of partial melting. Intermittent slab rollback during subduction initiation induces asthenospheric upwelling and high heat flux in nascent mantle wedges. Elevated geothermal gradients play a more important role than slab dehydration in triggering Mg‐rich magmatism in newly‐initiated subduction zones.
Variations on Petroleum Geology among Major Basins and Their Formative Mechanisms, Central and Southern South China Sea
Authors: TANG Wu , ZHAO Zhigang , XIE Xiaojun , LIU Shixiang , SONG Shuang , WANG Long , WANG Yibo , GUO Jia 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe South China Sea (SCS), one of the largest marginal seas in West Pacific, has experienced two marginal sea tectonic cycles, the pro‐SCS and Neo‐SCS, forming a tectonic trend of “compression in the south, extension in the north, subduction in the east and strike in the west”, with various kinds of sedimentary basins developed. The Central and Southern South China Sea (CSSCS) mainly has Zengmu, Brunei‐Sabah, Wanan, Zhongjiannan, Nanwei, Beikang, Reed, Palawan and Nansha Trough basins (Fig. 1). Since the exploration in the early 20th century, hundreds of oil and gas fields have been discovered in the CSSCS, making it one of giant oil and gas provinces in the world. However, the oil and gas potential of the CSSCS varied a lot, even among adjacent basins. Oil and gas resources in the southern Zengmu and Brunei‐Sabah basins are huge in scale, with recoverable reserves of nearly 5.3 billion tons of oil equivalent, which is ten times of that the Wanan basin in the west. The oil and gas discoveries in the Beikang basin on the Nansha block are only one three‐hundredth of Zengmu basin. No commercial discoveries have been made in the Reed and Nanwei basins. Although several studies have focused on the petroleum geology of separate basins, no systematical comparison has been made among various basins to reveal their differences and gain an overall perspective, largely due to limited datasets. The present study aims to investigate these aspects, using 90,000‐km 2D seismic profiles, 34 well logs, three cores, 36 outcrops, as well as paleontology, gravity and magnetic data.
The Changing Nature of International Mediation
Authors: da Rocha José Pascal 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAs warfare mutates from intrastate to infrastate, it was Clausewitz himself who created his own paradigmatic exit: war is a chameleon. The changing nature and trajectories of war have also changed the way that international mediators have deployed and used their skillsets. From liberation movements who fought for a new sociopolitical agenda to fragmented rebel formations and individuals who fight for self‐interests and preservation, mediators have to adapt to the new realities. The real actors are invisible or fluid in shape and structure, and interventions tend to be mired by a lack of appropriate response mechanisms. Along with a dissipation of Western values and culture, and the rise of proto‐states and secessionist movements, the brewing sandstorms of new wars over a new world power dispensation pose a tremendous challenge for mediators. The article will reinforce mediation theory and applied practice through a review of past experiences and a call to supplement state level instruments of mediation with local level cultural dialogue capacities (highlighting early warning and early responses) and the creation of safe spaces through integrated and complementarity approaches to interventions.
Extracellular ATP promotes breast cancer invasion and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition via hypoxia‐inducible factor 2α signaling
Authors: Yang Hui , Geng Yue‐Hang , Wang Peng , Zhou Yan‐Ting , Yang Han , Huo Yan‐Fei , Zhang Hong‐Quan , Li Yan , He Hui‐Ying , Tian Xin‐Xia , Fang Wei‐Gang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractExtracellular ATP has been shown to play an important role in invasion and the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in breast cancer; however, the mechanism is unclear. Here, by using a cDNA microarray, we demonstrated that extracellular ATP could stimulate hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF) signaling and upregulate hypoxia‐inducible factor 1/2α (HIF‐1/2α) expression. After knocking down HIF‐1/2α using siRNA, we found that ATP‐driven invasion and EMT were significantly attenuated via HIF2A‐siRNA in breast cancer cells. By using ChIP assays, we revealed that the biological function of extracellular ATP in invasion and EMT process depended on HIF‐2α direct targets, among which lysyl oxidase‐like 2 (LOXL2) and matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) mediated ATP‐driven invasion, and E‐cadherin and Snail mediated ATP‐driven EMT, respectively. In addition, using silver staining and mass spectrometry, we found that phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) could interact with HIF‐2α and mediate ATP‐driven HIF‐2α upregulation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that expressions of HIF‐2α and its target proteins could be regulated via ATP by AKT‐PGK1 pathway. Using a Balb/c mice model, we illustrated the function of HIF‐2α in promoting tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Moreover, by exploring online databases, we found that molecules involved in ATP‐HIF‐2α signaling were highly expressed in human breast carcinoma tissues and were associated with poor prognosis. Altogether, these findings suggest that extracellular ATP could promote breast carcinoma invasion and EMT via HIF‐2α signaling, which may be a potential target for future anti–metastasis therapy.
Rediscovering pneumatology in the “Age of the Spirit”: A North American Lutheran contribution
Authors: Peterson Cheryl M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis essay explores Luther's pneumatology, especially in his sermons on the Gospel of John, might offer resources for “discerning the spirits” in the emerging “age of the Spirit,” as Harvey Cox and Phyllis Tickle have dubbed it, which sees the rise of the “spiritual but not religious” and movements calling for spiritual revolution. The author shows that Luther's insistence that the Spirit work through the given means of “Word and sacrament,” was not intended to limit the Spirit's activity in the world, but rather to protect God's people from those who would wish to use the Spirit for their own means and power.
Tethered homing gene drives: A new design for spatially restricted population replacement and suppression
Authors: Dhole Sumit , Lloyd Alun L. , Gould Fred 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOptimism regarding potential epidemiological and conservation applications of modern gene drives is tempered by concern about the possibility of unintended spread of engineered organisms beyond the target population. In response, several novel gene drive approaches have been proposed that can, under certain conditions, locally alter characteristics of a population. One challenge for these gene drives is the difficulty of achieving high levels of localized population suppression without very large releases in the face of gene flow. We present a new gene drive system, tethered homing (TH), with improved capacity for both localization and population suppression. The TH drive is based on driving a payload gene using a homing construct that is anchored to a spatially restricted gene drive. We use a proof‐of‐concept mathematical model to show the dynamics of a TH drive that uses engineered underdominance as an anchor. This system is composed of a split homing drive and a two‐locus engineered underdominance drive linked to one part of the split drive (the Cas endonuclease). We use simple population genetic simulations to show that the tethered homing technique can offer improved localized spread of costly transgenic payload genes. Additionally, the TH system offers the ability to gradually adjust the genetic load in a population after the initial alteration, with minimal additional release effort. We discuss potential solutions for improving localization and the feasibility of creating TH drive systems. Further research with models that include additional biological details will be needed to better understand how TH drives would behave in natural populations, but the preliminary results shown here suggest that tethered homing drives can be a useful addition to the repertoire of localized gene drives.
Integrating human geography into futures studies: Reconstructing and reimagining the future of space
Authors: Kurniawan Jude Herijadi , Kundurpi Aravind 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis article explores the concept of the “future” through the lens of human geography. We examine how space may influence the way we perceive the future and how actors connected to this space will determine or undermine the kind of future to be unfolded. Particularly, we are interested in who influences the ideas of the future that explains how futures could be imagined and constructed. Already, the ideas of the future have utilized concepts of sustainability and climate change to demonstrate how futures may unfold. However, these envisioned futures, which mostly originate from a narrow perspective within a single space–time dimension, can be misleading. The ideas of the future can be challenged because space–time evolution alters the social structure of actors connected to space in multiple dimensions. As space–time evolves, new actors will be introduced, and actors who have been traditionally power‐less may emerge to contest and negotiate access to power to provide alternative ideas of the future. Understanding how power is negotiated and contested by these actors in the future is critical to understanding who has the future power.
Factors associated with hyposalivation and xerostomia in older persons in South Brazil
Authors: Rech Rafaela Soares , Hugo Fernando Neves , Tôrres Luísa Helena do Nascimento , Hilgert Juliana Balbinot 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate characteristics associated with xerostomia and hyposalivation in older persons.BackgroundSaliva is one of the most important body fluids and plays an important role in food bolus formation, lubricating the oral mucosa and protecting teeth against demineralisation.Materials and methodsThis is a cross‐sectional study nested within a cohort and includes a sample of 872 older persons living independently in the community, both in rural and urban areas in Carlos Barbosa, Brazil. Data collection included standardised interviews to identify sociodemographic, behavioural and health‐related variables, as well as oral clinical examination performed by two trained/calibrated dentists. Poisson regressions with robust variance were used to calculate the crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) and their respective 95% confidence intervals.ResultsThe mean age was 68.5 ± 6.7 years, and the majority of the sample consisted of women (65.3%). The prevalence of xerostomia, of low stimulated salivary flow rate and low at rest salivary flow rate were 338 (38.8%), 494 (56.6%), 320 (36.7%), respectively. In the final adjusted model, women had a significantly increased prevalence of xerostomia (PR = 1.34; 95% CI: 1.12‐1.61), as well as participants taking medication continuously (PR = 1.45; 95% CI: 1.16‐1.82) and those with depressive symptoms (PR = 1.49; 95% CI: 1.27‐1.76). Lower at rest (PR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.22‐1.72) and lower stimulated salivary flow were more prevalent in women (PR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.11‐1.44), while lower stimulated salivary flow was more prevalent in older persons taking medication continuously (PR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.07‐1.43).ConclusionSalivary hypofunction and xerostomia were more prevalent in women and in those with continuous medication use; however, depressive symptoms were associated only with xerostomia. Measures are required to promote oral comfort in cases of xerostomia, thereby reducing the unpleasant sensation of dry mouth and hyposalivation consequences in clinical practice.
Histological and ultrastructural features of Aplysina cauliformis affected by Aplysina red band syndrome
Authors: Gochfeld Deborah J. , Diaz Maria Cristina , Renegar D. Abigail , Olson Julie B. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAplysina red band syndrome (ARBS) affects shallow–water branching Caribbean sponges of the genus Aplysina. Signs of ARBS consist of a red band that advances from an initial circular lesion in both directions along the branch of the sponge, leaving behind spongin fibers devoid of living tissue. The red band is dominated by the filamentous cyanobacterium Leptolyngbya sp., which is responsible for the red coloration, although its role in the etiology of ARBS remains elusive. We used a combination of histology and transmission electron microscopy to describe ultrastructural and cellular differences between healthy and diseased individuals of Aplysina cauliformis. Tissue from the red band adjacent to spongin fibers devoid of living tissue was compared to healthy‐appearing tissue on the same sponges and to healthy sponges. ARBS‐affected tissue exhibited changes in cell densities, with increases in archaeocytes, collencytes, and unidentified round eukaryotic cells; decreases in exopinacocytes, granular cells, and spherulous cells; and loss of intact choanocyte chambers. Archaeocytes associated with diseased tissue appeared to be more active, as indicated by increased numbers and lengths of pseudopodia, and by a higher density of engulfed bacteria and symbiotic cyanobacteria, some of which were in various stages of disintegration. Filaments of Leptolyngbya sp. tended to be associated only with the ectosome of the red band portion of the lesion itself, and were rarely observed infiltrating intact tissue. These descriptions of anatomical and cellular responses to ARBS in A. cauliformis add to our understanding of the pathological effects of this widespread disease.
Spontaneous pulmonary adenocarcinoma and subcutaneous cavernous hemangiomas arising in a squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus)
Authors: Salleng Kenneth J. , Apple Troy M. , Yu Erin N. Z. , Himmel Lauren E. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBenign and malignant pulmonary tumors have been reported in both Old World and New World monkeys but are uncommon. Hemangiomas are also rarely reported in nonhuman primates. Here we present a case of two primary neoplasms (a papillary adenocarcinoma of bronchioloalveolar origin and multiple cavernous subcutaneous hemangiomas) arising in an aged squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus).
Morpho‐functional characterization of the heart of Gallus gallus domesticus with special reference to the right muscular atrioventricular valve
Authors: Prosheva Valentina , Kaseva Natalya , Dernovoj Bronislav 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this work, we studied the structure and function of the adult chicken heart with a focus on the right muscular atrioventricular valve using anatomic and echocardiographic methods. We demonstrated that the free wall thickness of the right and left ventricles changes from the apex to the base of the heart. The right muscular atrioventricular valve (RAVV) is joined directly to both the parietal right ventricle free wall (one attachment) and the interventricular septum (two attachments: ventral and dorsal). This valve does not have chordae tendineae or papillary muscles. The quantitative morphological and functional characterization of the RAVV is given. In color Doppler echo, no regurgitation of blood flow in the RAVV was observed in any of the studied birds. The blood flow velocity in the RAVV is 56.2 ± 9.6 cm s‐1. A contractile function of the RAVV is shown. Based on the findings obtained, we conclude that the RAVV has a sufficient barrier function. In addition, as this valve is an integral part of the right ventricle free wall, it contributes to the right ventricle pump function. An agreed nomenclature of the parts of the RAVV is required.
How Do Investment Ideas Spread through Social Interaction? Evidence from a Ponzi Scheme
Authors: RANTALA VILLE 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTA unique data set from a large Ponzi scheme allows me to study word‐of‐mouth diffusion of investment information. Investors could join the scheme only by invitation from an existing member, which allows me to observe how the idea spreads from one person to the next based on inviter‐invitee relationships. I find that the observed social network has a scale‐free connectivity structure, which significantly facilitates the diffusion of the investment idea and contributes to the growth and survival of the socially spreading Ponzi scheme. I further find that investors invest more if their inviter has comparatively higher age, education, and income.
Resistance inducers applied alone or in association with fungicide for the management of leaf rust and brown eye spot of coffee under field conditions
Authors: Silva Joyce A. G. , Resende Mário L. V. , Monteiro Ana C. A. , Pádua Moises A. , Guerra‐Guimarães Leonor , Medeiros Fernanda L. , Martins Stéfanny A. , Botelho Deila M. S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe use of resistance inducers is a promising development in the management of plant diseases, owing to their ability to control a broad spectrum of pathogens and improve the efficacy of fungicides. This study evaluates different sources of phosphonates (potassium, manganese, copper), a formulation prepared from the by‐products of the coffee industry (Greenforce CuCa), as well as the effects of their application, alone or in association with fungicide, in the management of two important coffee fungal diseases in Brazil: leaf rust and brown eye spot, caused by Hemileia vastatrix and Cercospora coffeicola, respectively. The effect of these products on defoliation, productivity and chemical composition of coffee beans (content of trigonelline, chlorogenic acid, caffeine and total soluble solids) was evaluated. Among all the alternative products tested individually, potassium phosphonate (P2O5—33.6% + K2O—29%) stood out, particularly for rust control, which was similar to the results of fungicide treatments. Treatments with fungicide, Greenforce CuCa and cuprous oxide, individually, caused less plant defoliation. Regarding the chemical composition of the coffee beans, the manganese phosphonate treatment showed the highest values for trigonelline, chlorogenic acid, caffeine and total soluble solid content. The results of this study show that resistance inducers can be useful in disease management, may come to eventually replace traditional fungicides and can also contribute to the beverage quality.
Integrating nutrition outcomes into agriculture development for impact at scale: Highlights from the Canadian International Food Security Research Fund
Authors: Wesley Annie S. , De Plaen Renaud , Michaux Kristina D. , Whitfield Kyly C. , Green Timothy J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe Canadian International Food Security Research Fund programme supported research and scaling up of nutrition‐ and gender‐sensitive agriculture innovations from 2009 to 2018. Women and girls were identified as agents of change and were targeted as the main programme beneficiaries. Projects were implemented in 25 countries through multistakeholder partnerships among universities, research institutions, public and private sectors, and civil society groups, reaching over 78 million people, mainly women and children. Approaches specific to nutrition included growing more nutritious crops, improving dietary diversity, value added processing, food fortification, and nutrition education. Scale‐up for impact was achieved through a number of pathways that started with evidence through rigorous research, followed by a combination of elements such as understanding local and regional contexts to identify specific bottlenecks and opportunities for the deployment and adoption of successful innovations, selecting politically effective or influential partners to lead the scaling up process, and investing in long‐term local capacity and leadership building. Overall, the knowledge generated in the programme indicate that well‐designed nutrition‐sensitive agriculture and food‐based interventions can have meaningful impacts on pathways that will lead to better health and well‐being of women and children through improving household and individual access to nutrient‐rich foods. Longer intervention times are needed to demonstrate changes in health indicators such as reduced stunting. This overview paper summarises the programme and showcases examples from studies that demonstrate the impact pathway for nutrition interventions that encompass efficacy and effectiveness studies, value‐added processing, cost effectiveness of interventions, and bringing a proven intervention to scale.
A Medicago truncatula SWEET transporter implicated in arbuscule maintenance during arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis
Authors: An Jianyong , Zeng Tian , Ji Chuanya , de Graaf Sanne , Zheng Zijun , Xiao Ting Ting , Deng Xiuxin , Xiao Shunyuan , Bisseling Ton , Limpens Erik , Pan Zhiyong 
Published: May 2019

Summary

Plants form a mutualistic symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, which facilitates the acquisition of scarce minerals from the soil. In return, the host plants provide sugars and lipids to its fungal partner. However, the mechanism by which the AM fungi obtain sugars from the plant has remained elusive.

In this study we investigated the role of potential SWEET family sugar exporters in AM symbiosis in Medicago truncatula.

We show that M. truncatula SWEET1b transporter is strongly upregulated in arbuscule‐containing cells compared to roots and localizes to the peri‐arbuscular membrane, across which nutrient exchange takes place. Heterologous expression of MtSWEET1b in a yeast hexose transport mutant showed that it mainly transports glucose. Overexpression of MtSWEET1b in M. truncatula roots promoted the growth of intraradical mycelium during AM symbiosis. Surprisingly, two independent Mtsweet1b mutants, which are predicted to produce truncated protein variants impaired in glucose transport, exhibited no significant defects in AM symbiosis. However, arbuscule‐specific overexpression of MtSWEET1bY57A/G58D, which are considered to act in a dominant‐negative manner, resulted in enhanced collapse of arbuscules.

Taken together, our results reveal a (redundant) role for MtSWEET1b in the transport of glucose across the peri‐arbuscular membrane to maintain arbuscules for a healthy mutually beneficial symbiosis.