bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Henri Delacroix and His Philosophical Interests
Authors: Blauberg I. I. 
Published: December 2018

Henri Delacroix is a French philosopher, religious scholar and psychologist, a student and follower of Bergson. He began his activity with the study of mysticism. Following the thesis “An Essay on Speculative Mysticism in Germany in the 14th Century” (1899), where the author analyzed the teachings of Meister Eckhart and the associated intellectual movement, he published several other works where he examined other historical and national forms of mysticism. Describing different types of mystical intuition, conducting a detailed psychological analysis, Delacroix interpreted the higher forms of mystical experience, contrary to the opinions of some researchers, as an expression of deep inner life and not as a special type of neurosis. His work Studies in the History and Psychology of Mysticism: the Great Christian Mystics (1908) was highly appreciated by contemporaries, and the approach he proposed to this subject gradually gained recognition and became classical. In his philosophical and psychological works, Delacroix acted as an opponent of associationism and mental atomism. He developed the treatment of consciousness as an entity, considering the various forms and manifestations of consciousness and the unconscious in their interconnection and mutual influence. He paid special attention to the relationship between language and thinking as well as child psychology and the psychology of art. In his book Language and Thinking (1924), Delacroix, relying on the concept of F. de Saussure, developed the distinction of language and speech proposed by the latter.
Александр Николаевич Романов – ученый-охотовед с мировым именем. Очерк биографии
Authors: Савельев А. П. 
Published: December 2018

Краткое жизнеописание биолога-охотоведа А.Н. Романова (1924–2007 гг.), начавшего профессиональную научную карьеру в стенах Института биологии Кoми филиала АН СССР (г. Сыктывкар) и продолжившего ее во Всероссийском научно-исследовательском институте охотничьего хозяйства и звероводства им. профессора Б.М. Житкова (ВНИИОЗ, г. Киров). Перечислены практические приемы и средства, разработанные А.Н. Романовым для живоотлова и мечения тетеревиных птиц, а также результаты исследований в области экспериментальной экологии глухаря, обеспечившие этому ученому мировую известность. Показаны континентальный масштаб выполненных под руководством Александра Николаевича работ по искусственному расселению глухаря и их современное значение в сохранении биоразнообразия Казахстана, Литвы, Латвии и Польши. Сделан анализ публикационной активности А.Н. Романова за 40 лет его профессиональной деятельности.
2016 Deep-sea Lebanon Expedition: Exploring Submarine Canyons
Authors: Oceana  , Aguilar Ricardo , Perry Allison L. , García Silvia , Álvarez Helena , Blanco Jorge , Bitar Ghazi Khaled 
Published: December 2018

The data obtained from the 2016 Deep-Sea Lebanon Expedition provided a wealth of information about deep-sea benthic communities along the Lebanese coast. This information provides a scientific foundation for the development of a plan to manage and protect vulnerable ecosystems, habitats, and species in Lebanese waters, in the face of current and future threats. This plan should be developed in line with the relevant Action Plans developed by UNEP-MAP RAC/SPA, with measures being developed to protect VMEs within GFCM fisheries, and with Lebanon’s legal obligations to protect species listed on Annex II of the SPA/BD Protocol of the Barcelona Convention. One critical element of this plan will be the declaration of new MPAs under the framework of a Lebanese network of MPAs. These areas may be designated to protect important geological features (e.g., submarine canyons), habitats, or community types, in order to ensure the coherence and connectivity of marine protection in Lebanese waters, and to help safeguard the natural corridor of the Eastern Mediterranean basin.
PENGAWETAN STRAWBERRY (Fragaria ananassa) MENGGUNAKAN EDIBLE COATING BERBASIS PEKTIN DARI CINCAU HIJAU (Cylea barbata)
Authors: Winarsih Sri 
Published: December 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi ekstrak gel cincau hijau yang efektif untuk pengemasan buah strawberry serta pengaruh pemberian gel cincau hijau terhadap masa simpan dan karakteristik buah strawberry. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) terdiri dari dua faktor dengan tiga kali ulangan. Faktor pertama yaitu konsentrasi cincau hijau yaitu 2,5; 5; 7,5%. Faktor kedua yaitu konsentrasi CaSO4 yaitu A1 0,05; 0,1, 0,15%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi cincau 2,5% dengan penambahan CaSO4 0,15% cenderung mampu memperpanjang masa simpan strawberry selama 14 hari pada suhu 5oC. Kata Kunci: cincau, edible coating, pektin, strawberry
PENGAWASAN PENYELENGGARAAN PELAYANAN PUBLIK DALAM PEMERINTAH DESA
Authors: Fatkhurohman Fatkhurohman 
Published: December 2018

Public service is part of social basic to the citizens/ it is through public service that the government do its responsibility to meet needs and to try to improve its peoples prosperity. One of the facilities is to improve public service to villagers through a regulation on village namely the 2014 law No. 6 on village, stating that the regulation on villages is intended to improve the public service for villagers to accelerate the realization of a public prosperity. This article is intended to discuss the mechanism in giving public services in village government. Based on the normative method, it can be concluded that the supervision of public service in village government was not explicitly stated. This supervision should be made to prevent any misuses of authority. Kata Kunci: pelayanan publik, pemerintahan desa, penyalahgunaan wewenang.
Production of Primary Aluminum by Electrolysis
Authors: Tabereaux Alton T. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This article describes the Bayer process for the purification of alumina. The process includes four major stages: digestion, clarification, precipitation, and calcination. The article discusses the aluminum electrolytic process in terms of aluminum electrolysis cell design, magnetohydrodynamic forces, and cathode lining. It reviews the electrochemical reactions and thermodynamics for aluminum electrolysis standard Gibbs. The article also describes the cell operations and cell stability, as well as the key indicators of cell performance. It schematically illustrates the typical costs producing aluminum in an aluminum smelter. The article also discusses various environmental issues, such as fluoride recovery; perfluorocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and sulfur emissions; spent pot lining; and development of inert anodes and CO2 emissions.
Aluminum Alloy Ingot Casting and Continuous Processes
Authors: Wang Junsheng 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Ingot casting is the vital conduit between molten metal provided by primary production and recycling, and the manufacture of aluminum and aluminum alloy products. This article discusses various ingot forms, such as remelt ingot, billets, ingots for rolling, fabricating ingot, and particle ingot and powder. It describes the molten metal processing and ingot casting process in terms of open-mold casting and direct chill process. The article examines the continuous processes that provide commercial alternatives to conventional ingot casting. It reviews the postsolidification processes in terms of stress relief, homogenization, and scalping. The article concludes with a discussion on safety limited to ingot casting.
Work Hardening and Annealing of Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Dorward Ralph 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWork or strain hardening is a natural consequence of most working and forming operations on aluminum and its alloys. This article describes the annealing practices of strain-hardened alloys. It lists the temper designations for strain-hardened alloys. The article discusses the annealing of worked structures in terms of recovery, recrystallization, and grain coarsening. It summarizes some of the annealing treatments used in conjunction with fabrication by metal working, including preheating, interannealing, self-annealing, stabilization, and stoving. The article concludes with information on the key process parameters affecting the final properties of aluminum alloys.
Painting and Organic Coating of Aluminum
Authors: Tator Kenneth B. , Roberts Cheryl , Leggat Robert 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Although aluminum alloys are inherently corrosion resistant, there are many operating environments where they require additional protection. This article describes the conditions under which aluminum is prone to corrode and explains how to prevent it through the addition of conversion coatings and paints. It addresses some of the more common corrosion mechanisms, including corrosion driven by pH extremes, pitting corrosion, crevice corrosion, galvanic corrosion, and filiform corrosion. The article also describes in-plant as well as field application procedures for cleaning and coating, and discusses the advantages and limitations of the various materials and chemicals used.
Forging of Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Dux Tiffany A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis article examines aluminum forging processes, including open-die, closed-die, upset, roll, orbital, spin, and mandrel forging, and compares and contrasts their capabilities and the associated design requirements for forged parts. It discusses the effect of key process variables such as workpiece and die temperature, strain rate, and deformation mode. The article describes the relative forgeability of the ten most widely used aluminum alloys, and reviews common forging equipment, including hammers, mechanical and screw presses, and hydraulic presses. It also discusses postforge operations such as trimming, forming, repairing, cleaning, and heat treatment.
Aluminum Powder Metallurgy Materials and Processes
Authors: Lall Chaman 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAluminum powders can be formed into components by several competing technologies, including powder metallurgy (PM), metal injection molding, powder forging, and additive manufacturing. This article explores PM methodologies that are being exploited to manufacture such components. It reviews emerging technologies that promise to offer exciting ways to produce aluminum parts. The article discusses the various steps involved in PM, such as powder production, compaction, sintering, repressing, and heat treatment. It provides information on aluminum production statistics and the wear-resistance applications of PM.
Friction Stir Welding of Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Colligan Kevin 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This article focuses on friction stir welding (FSW), where frictional heating and displacement of the plastic material occurs by a rapidly rotating tool traversing the weld joint. Much of the research activity early on pertained to issues related to understanding the process, such as learning about material flow, heat generation, microstructure development, and many other fundamental issues. The article summarizes the results of the research, describing the aspects of how FSW actually accomplishes sound joints in metals without melting them. It discusses the FSW process variations and the practical aspects of heat generation. The article provides information on the effect of welding on material properties and typical alloys in FSW applications. The alloys include 6061 aluminum, 5083 aluminum, 2xxx aluminum, and 7xxx aluminum alloys. The article concludes with a discussion on FSW equipment.
Cleaning, Pretreatment, and Maintenance of Surfaces
Authors: Mahn Richard 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The necessary precursor to a proper and durable finish is the preparation of the active aluminum surface to receive the desired protective finish that will allow it to have a long and attractive service life. This article helps those who work with aluminum in the many varieties of applications of such products. It describes the two main categories of cleaning that can be used with most any metal, namely, mechanical cleaning and chemical cleaning. The article provides a discussion on the laboratory evaluation of cleaners, field testing of cleaners, and cleaner types and procedures. It also describes the special cleaning procedures for aluminum alloys, such as steam cleaning and rotary wire-brush cleaning. The article reviews the use of temporary coatings and the use of maintenance coatings on aluminum. It provides information on the handling and storage procedures of aluminum alloys and the cleaning of specific applications of aluminum.
Properties of Pure Aluminum
Authors: Kaufman J. Gilbert 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe purity of aluminum is generally characterized in one of two ways, by terminology or by the Aluminum Association designation system. This article reviews the properties of pure aluminum in purities from 99.99 percent through commercial purity, 99.00 percent. The mechanical properties of aluminum are discussed in terms of tensile properties, stress-strain relationships, and creep. The article also reviews the physical properties of aluminum, such as atomic structure and nuclear properties, atomic spectrum, crystal structure, density, thermal expansion, and thermal conductivity. It discusses the chemical properties of aluminum and presents a summary tabulation of the mechanical strength, ductility, and hardness of pure aluminum.
Lost Foam Casting
Authors: Anderson Kevin 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Lost foam casting is a sand casting process in which the mold consists of an evaporative polystyrene foam pattern embedded in sand. It is especially well suited for making complex parts with convoluted features such as engine blocks, transmission cases, and cylinder heads. This article describes the lost foam casting process and its primary advantages, including the elimination of flash and parting lines, the relative ease of prototyping with foam, and the ability to incorporate multiple metals, whether in sections or layers, through sequential pours. It illustrates an entire process cycle from mold filling to fusion, cooling, and part ejection. The article also provides information on casting quality, discussing dimensional tolerances, fold defects, and porosity.
Weldability of Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Berube Patrick 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWeldability is a function of three major factors: base material quality, welding process, and design. This article focuses on base-metal weldability of aluminum alloys in terms of mechanical property degradation in both the weld region and heat-affected zone, weld porosity, and susceptibility to solidification cracking and liquation cracking. It provides an overview on welding processes, including gas metal arc welding, gas tungsten arc welding, resistance spot and seam welding, laser beam welding, and various solid-state welding processes. A review on joint design is also included, mainly in the general factors associated with service weldability (fitness). The article also provides a discussion on the selection and weldability of non-heat-treatable aluminum alloys, heat treatable aluminum alloys, aluminum-lithium alloys, and aluminum metal-matrix composites.
Coloring Anodized Aluminum
Authors: Patel Pinakin , Patel Tej 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This article describes the methods used for coloring anodized aluminum coatings: integral coloring, electrolytic coloring, chemical coloring, and organic dyeing. It discusses organic dye chemistry in terms of single-component organic dyes and multicomponent dyes. The article reviews optimal dyeing conditions, such as temperature, time, concentration, and pH. It concludes with a discussion on the factors considered for choosing a coloring method: the desired shade, light fastness, heat fastness, and contamination.
Investment Casting of Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Burt Victoria 
Published: December 2018

AbstractInvestment casting, in which molten metal is poured into hot molds, allows for the production of aluminum parts with extremely thin sections, knife edges and sharp detail. This article describes the various steps in the investment casting process, including patternmaking and dimensioning, the design and manufacture of shell molds, melting and casting methods, and postcasting operations such as knockout, core removal, and cleaning. It also addresses a wide range of design considerations, discusses casting defects, and provides several design examples.
Metallurgy Basics for Aluminum Surface Treatment
Authors: Runge Jude Mary , Weritz John 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This article discusses the properties of aluminum surface and the applications of aluminum alloys. It explains the effects of trace elements on aluminum alloys. The article considers microstructural development of aluminum in terms of the surface and explains how it will impact corrosion resistance and surface treatment. It describes the thermodynamics of equilibrium oxidation processes and non-equilibrium corrosion processes. The article provides a discussion on aluminum oxidation under atmospheric and dynamic conditions. It presents the potential/pH (Pourbaix) diagram for aluminum under atmospheric and dynamic conditions. The article also explains the polarization effects during the formation of stable aluminum oxide under dynamic conditions. It concludes with information on the designation system for aluminum finishes.
Cold Extrusion of Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Lampman S. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Aluminum products such as fasteners and automotive components are often produced by cold extrusion because it facilitates high volume production of near-net-shape parts. This article describes the cold extrusion process for aluminum alloys and the associated requirements for tooling, dies, punches, and other equipment. It covers typical tool materials and their working properties, and provides best practices for sizing aluminum slugs and preparing them for use. The article also discusses the wide range of achievable shapes from shallow cup-like extrusions to deep cups and complex parts with longitudinal flutes, stems, and grooves.
Sand Casting of Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Sadayappan Kumar , Elsayed Abdallah 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Sand casting processes are typically classified according to the type of binder present in the molding sand mixture. This article discusses common sand casting processes and design considerations related to shape, gating, feeding, and pattern making methods. It describes the composition of sand and binder normally used, and provides information on the aluminum casting alloys produced. The article discusses precision sand casting and sand reclamation, and includes information on health and safety considerations.
Melting and Melt Treatment of Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Neff David , Sigworth Geoffrey , Gallo Rafael 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThere are a wide variety of furnace types and designs for melting aluminum. This article discusses the various types of furnaces, including gas reverberatory furnaces, crucible furnaces, and induction melting furnaces. It describes the classification of solid fluxes: cover fluxes, drossing fluxes, cleaning fluxes, and furnace wall cleaner fluxes. The article reviews the basic considerations in proper flux selection and fluxing practices. It explains the basic principles of degassing and discusses the degassing of wrought aluminum alloys. The article describes filtration in wrought aluminum production and in shape casting. It also reviews grain refinement in aluminum-silicon casting alloys, aluminum-silicon-copper casting alloys, aluminum-copper casting alloys, aluminum-zinc-magnesium casting alloys, and aluminum-magnesium casting alloys. The article concludes with a discussion on aluminum-silicon modification.
Plasticity in the Сontext of Сulture Archaization: Vision Modes
Authors: Оксана Пушонкова  
Published: December 2018

Phenomenon of plasticity is studied in the context of archaization of modern culture and emergence of nonrepresentational theories in visual research, associated with the “disappearance of the distance” and attention to the body and dynamic characteristics of space. Immersion of the eye into environment actualizes the practice of “womb” vision, which is present in plastic thinking, overcoming the division into “external–internal”, and forms a specific mode of transition from a representative model to an expressive one. In artistic practices of the 20th–21st centuries this coincides with experiments in search of effects of non-Euclidean geometry in pictures, large-scale gradations of palimpsests, reproduction of the atmosphere, numinous effects of modernized archetypes, and media mimicry.
Jan Paweł II o roli Kościoła w Europie
Authors: Mazurkiewicz Piotr 
Published: December 2018

Autor podejmuje refleksję nad tekstem adhortacji apostolskiej Jana Pawła II Ecclesia in Europa. Obejmuje ona opis współczesnej kondycji kulturowej Europy oraz aktualnych wyzwań w postaci islamu i sekularyzmu. Trzecim i bodaj najważniejszym wyzwaniem jest kondycja religijna osób ochrzczonych, które formalnie należą do Kościoła, ale w praktyce żyją tak, jakby Boga nie było. W tekście szczególnie wyakcentowany jest problem ograniczenia perspektywy życiowej i refleksji do wymiaru horyzontalnego, pokusa gaszenia nadziei oraz konieczność przyznania w działaniach Kościoła pierwszeństwa ewangelizacji przed jakimikolwiek innymi, drugorzędnymi celami.
Bezpieczeństwo i porządek publiczny a konstytucyjna ochrona pokojowych zgromadzeń - rozwiązanie zgromadzenia spontanicznego przed sejmem w grudniu 2016 r. - Studium przypadku w tle z niemieckim prawem o zgromadzeniach
Authors: Iluk Łukasz 
Published: December 2018

Celem artykułu jest pokazanie demokratycznej wartości zgromadzeń spontanicznych oraz problematyki związanej z ich rozwiązywaniem. Do rozważań nad przedmiotową problematyką dołączona zostanie analiza kazusu spontanicznego protestu przed Sejmem w grudniu 2017 r. pod kątem legalności jego rozwiązania. Brak w polskim porządku prawnym regulacji prawnych w zakresie kontroli nad rozwiązaniem zgromadzenia spontanicznego skłania do refleksji de lege ferenda. W ostatniej części prezentowane są rozwiązania niemieckie, które skutecznie funkcjonują w Niemczech już od kilkudziesięciu lat.
Tribunal locuta – causa finita? Kontrowersyjne orzeczenia Trybunału Konstytucyjnego w okresie tzw. „kryzysu konstytucyjnego”
Authors: Bura Andrzej 
Published: December 2018

Artykuł przedstawia opinie Europejskiej Komisji na rzecz demokracji przez prawo (Komisji Weneckiej) oraz orzecznictwo polskiego Trybunału Konstytucyjnego w czasie kryzysu konstytucyjnego; następnie przedstawione zostały poglądy doktryny polskiego prawa konstytucyjnego na temat art. 197 i art. 195 ust. 1 Konstytucji RP z 2 kwietnia 1997r. Zdaniem autora mamy do czynienia z różnicą stanowisk pomiędzy stanowiskiem TK, w szczególności zajętym w wyrokach w sprawach K 34/15, K 35/15, K 47/15, K 39/16 a poglądami doktryny. W związku z powyższym na tytułowe pytanie można odpowiedzieć: formalnie - tak, praktycznie - niekoniecznie.