bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbial melatonin metabolism in the human intestine as a therapeutic target for dysbiosis and rhythm disorders
Authors: Zimmermann Petra , Kurth Salome , Pugin Benoit , Bokulich Nicholas A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMelatonin (MT) (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is an indoleamine recognized primarily for its crucial role in regulating sleep through circadian rhythm modulation in humans and animals. Beyond its association with the pineal gland, it is synthesized in various tissues, functioning as a hormone, tissue factor, autocoid, paracoid, and antioxidant, impacting multiple organ systems, including the gut-brain axis. However, the mechanisms of extra-pineal MT production and its role in microbiota-host interactions remain less understood. This review provides a comprehensive overview of MT, including its production, actions sites, metabolic pathways, and implications for human health. The gastrointestinal tract is highlighted as an additional source of MT, with an examination of its effects on the intestinal microbiota. This review explores whether the microbiota contributes to MT in the intestine, its relationship to food intake, and the implications for human health. Due to its impacts on the intestinal microbiota, MT may be a valuable therapeutic agent for various dysbiosis-associated conditions. Moreover, due to its influence on intestinal MT levels, the microbiota may be a possible therapeutic target for treating health disorders related to circadian rhythm dysregulation.
Hypoglycemia in Pregnant Women with Type 1 Diabetes: Is It Inevitable?
Authors: Rosenn Barak M. , Khoury Jane C. , Mimouni Francis , Ehrlich Shelley , Miodovnik Menachem 
Published: November 2024

The human body has abundant mechanisms to counteract hypoglycemia and prevent neuroglycopenia primarily involving the secretion of glucagon and adrenalin. Within several years from the onset of diabetes, people with type 1 diabetes lose their ability to mount a counterregulatory response to hypoglycemia and develop hypoglycemia unawareness, thus being at risk for deteriorating to a state of severe hypoglycemia and neuroglycopenia. Pregnant individuals with type 1 diabetes are particularly prone to experience severe hypoglycemia during the first half of pregnancy. This may be not only due to the institution of strict glycemic control and the nausea and vomiting prevalent during the early months of pregnancy, but also because the counterregulatory responses are further diminished during pregnancy. Severe hypoglycemia during early pregnancy does not appear to increase the risks of spontaneous abortion or congenital fetal malformations, but the potential long-term effects on the fetus are unknown. Recent technological advances have contributed to improved glycemic control and time in range as well as decreased risk of hypoglycemia in people with diabetes. These advances include treatment with insulin analogs, use of continuous glucose monitors, and closed-loop systems for administration of insulin. Limited studies have demonstrated that pregnant individuals with type 1 diabetes may also benefit from these modalities. While ongoing research continues to explore the adjustment of closed-loop systems for optimal use during pregnancy, more effort is needed to explore the optimal use of these modalities in pregnancy.
Key Points
Synthesis of 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles from 1,2-Diacylhydrazines Using SO2F2 as a Simple and Practical Cyclization Reagent
Authors: Ding Chengrong , Zhang Guofu , Chen Jingao , Lou Zhengzheng , Jin Hongxuan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe synthesis of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles from 1,2-diacylhydrazines has been achieved using SO₂F₂ as a straightforward and effective reagent for dehydrative cyclisation, both in the absence of metal catalysts and under milder conditions. The reaction exhibited good functional group tolerance and yielded high levels of product.
Experience with Zone 2 Arch Replacement Followed by Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair
Authors: Dhanekula Arjune , DeGraaff Bret , Flodin Rachel , Reimann-Moody Anne , Garza Manuel De La , Zettervall Sara , Shalhub Sherene , Sweet Matthew P. , Burke Christopher R. , DeRoo Scott 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background Transverse open aortic arch replacement remains a complex operation. A simplified arch replacement into zone 2, with debranching the head vessels proximally, creates a suitable landing zone for future endovascular repair and is increasing in popularity as of late. Still, limited data exist to assess contemporary rates of morbidity and mortality. Therefore, we aim to evaluate current outcomes for patients who underwent open zone 2 aortic arch replacement.
Methods All patients who underwent zone 2 arch replacement at a single academic institution from January 2019 to June 2023 were assessed. Indication for operation was either aneurysmal disease (n = 37), acute aortic syndrome (n = 38), or residual arch/descending thoracic aorta dissection (n = 67). Patient demographics and operative characteristics were evaluated, and the frequency of subsequent thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) was noted. Mortality and major morbidity were then assessed.
Results A total of 142 patients underwent open zone 2 arch replacement. Median cardiopulmonary bypass, cross-clamp, and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest times for the entire cohort were 195, 122, and 36.5 minutes, respectively. Concomitant frozen elephant trunk was performed in 45.1% of the cohort (n = 64). In-hospital mortality was 7.8% (n = 11) for the entire cohort. Spinal cord ischemia occurred in 3.5% (n = 5); these patients all received frozen elephant trunks and had neurologic recovery by discharge. Stroke occurred in 9.2% (n = 13) of the study cohort. A total of 38.7% (n = 55) went on to get subsequent TEVAR, with median time to TEVAR of 52 days (8, 98.5).
Conclusion Zone 2 arch replacement allows staged repair of the thoracic aorta and readily accommodates future TEVAR therapy. This option for the treatment of the aortic arch can be performed safely in a wide variety of patient pathologies. Given the safety of this operation, cardiac surgeons should utilize this approach more frequently.
Rapid Aneurysmal Degeneration and Repair of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm in a Patient with Concomitant Vascular Ehlers–Danlos and Loeys–Dietz Syndromes
Authors: Dhanekula Arjune S. , Zettervall Sara , Dimarakis Ioannis , Deroo Scott 
Published: November 2024

AbstractVascular Ehlers–Danlos (vEDS) and Loeys–Dietz syndrome 3 (LDS3) are connective tissue disorders with diverse systemic manifestations. Most notable in these disorders, though, are their aggressive aortopathies, often presenting early in life with aneurysmal disease or dissection. Herein we present the case of a 33-year-old patient, previously lost to follow-up, who underwent complex reoperative arch replacement after ascending and hemiarch replacement for Type A aortic dissection 6 years prior. Postoperative genetic testing revealed both vEDS and LDS, a unique genotype that has not been described before in the literature.
Time-dependent ab initio molecular-orbital decomposition for high-harmonic generation spectroscopy
Authors: Marchetta Marco , Morassut Chiara , Toulouse Julien , Coccia Emanuele , Luppi Eleonora 
Published: November 2024

We propose a real-time time-dependent ab initio approach within a configuration-interaction-singles ansatz to decompose the high-harmonic generation (HHG) signal of molecules in terms of individual molecular-orbital (MO) contributions. Calculations have been performed by propagating the time-dependent Schrödinger equation with complex energies, in order to account for ionization of the system, and by using tailored Gaussian basis sets for high-energy and continuum states. We have studied the strong-field electron dynamics and the HHG spectra in aligned CO2 and H2O molecules. Contribution from MOs in the strong-field dynamics depends on the interplay between the MO ionization energy and the coupling between the MO and the laser-pulse symmetries. Such contributions characterize different portions of the HHG spectrum, indicating that the orbital decomposition encodes nontrivial information on the modulation of the strong-field dynamics. Our results correctly reproduce the MO contributions to HHG for CO2 as described in the literature experimental and theoretical data and lead to an original analysis of the role of the highest occupied molecular orbitals HOMO, HOMO-1, and HOMO-2 of H2O according to the polarization direction of the laser pulse.
Revisiting the Green–Kubo relation for friction in nanofluidics
Authors: Bui Anna T. , Cox Stephen J. 
Published: November 2024

A central aim of statistical mechanics is to establish connections between a system’s microscopic fluctuations and its macroscopic response to a perturbation. For non-equilibrium transport properties, this amounts to establishing Green–Kubo (GK) relationships. In hydrodynamics, relating such GK expressions for liquid–solid friction to macroscopic slip boundary conditions has remained a long-standing problem due to two challenges: (i) The GK running integral of the force autocorrelation function decays to zero rather than reaching a well-defined plateau value, and (ii) debates persist on whether such a transport coefficient measures an intrinsic interfacial friction or an effective friction in the system. Inspired by ideas from the coarse-graining community, we derive a GK relation for liquid–solid friction where the force autocorrelation is sampled with a constraint of momentum conservation in the liquid. Our expression does not suffer from the “plateau problem” and unambiguously measures an effective friction coefficient, in an analogous manner to Stokes’ law. We further establish a link between the derived friction coefficient and the hydrodynamic slip length, enabling a straightforward assessment of continuum hydrodynamics across length scales. We find that continuum hydrodynamics describes the simulation results quantitatively for confinement length scales all the way down to 1 nm. Our approach amounts to a straightforward modification to the present standard method of quantifying interfacial friction from molecular simulations, making possible a sensible comparison between surfaces of vastly different slippage.
Forage lucerne for grazing dairy cows: effects on milk yield, milk urea and fatty acid composition
Authors: Mangwe M. C. , Bryant R. H. , Beckett P. , Tey L. , Curtis J. , Burgess R. , Al-Marashdeh O. 
Published: November 2024

Context The value of milk components is increasingly recognised for human health benefits (e.g. omega-3 fatty acids, FA), or indicators of nutrient-use efficiency for both animal and environmental benefits (e.g. milk urea, MU). Aims The study explored whether inclusion of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) in a perennial ryegrass and white clover (Lolium perenne L. and Trifolium repens L, PRW)-based diet affects milk production, MU concentration, and milk FA composition of dairy cows during mid-lactation. Methods Thirty-two cows, balanced for milk production (26.1 ± 3.03 kg/cow), MU (16.6 ± 2.84 mg/dL), and days in milk (94 ± 7 days), were evenly allocated into eight groups of four. Groups were then randomly assigned one of two dietary treatments, namely, PRW only (control), and PRW plus lucerne (lucerne). During an 8-day adaptation, control cows were fed a fresh allocation after each milking at 08:30 hours and 16:00 hours to provide 25 kg/cow.day DM of fresh PRW herbage above a target post-grazing height of 4.5 cm height. Cows on lucerne were allocated 10 kg DM of fresh lucerne at 08:30 hours, and 15 kg DM of fresh PRW at 16:00 hours. Apparent nutrient intakes and milk composition were determined on Days 9 and 10 of the study. Key results Diet treatment did not significantly alter DM or metabolisable energy intake, milk production, or milk fat and protein percentage. However, compared with control cows, nitrogen and linoleic acid (LA) intake increased, and soluble carbohydrate, neutral detergent fibre, and alpha linoleic acid (ALA) intake decreased for cows fed lucerne. Milk urea increased by 43% for lucerne compared with control cows (22.4 vs 15.7 ± 1.43 mg/dL, P < 0.001). Cows grazing lucerne produced milk with a higher concentration of LA and ALA than did the control cows. Increases in milk LA from grazing lucerne were congruent with improvement in intake of the FA from the diet, whereas increases in ALA occurred despite the corresponding lower dietary intake. Conclusion Supplementing a pasture diet with lucerne increased MU and FA. Implications Lucerne has the potential to enhance dietary protein supply during periods of deficiency and increase the supply of functional FA in the milk of grazing dairy cattle.
Before sentimental empire
Authors: Wikström Toby Erik 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article seeks to historicize the eighteenth-century sentimental literature of slavery by
examining theatrical performances of cross-cultural servitude from an earlier, markedly different historical context,
that of seventeenth-century France. In contrast to the sentimental period, transatlantic empire was still more
aspiration than reality for France in the 1600s, slavery more a Mediterranean than an Atlantic phenomenon, and racial
discourse still in gestation. I demonstrate that the ways in which French seventeenth-century playwrights modeled
their audience’s emotional response to cross-cultural slavery evolved over time, moving from the possibility of
audience identification with enslaved characters to a foreclosure of that possibility. The mechanism for this tendency
to prevent identification is what I call generic drift, the migration of representations of servitude from the tragic
to the tragicomic and comic stages. To demonstrate the evolution of the theater’s modeling of emotional responses to
slavery from possible identification to the prevention of identification over time, I analyze representations of
servitude in Le More cruel, an anonymous tragedy from 1610, Scudéry’s 1636 tragicomedy
L’Amant liberal and Montfleury’s 1663–64 comedy Le Mary sans femme. I show that
the tragedy partially encourages the audience to feel compassion for the plight of the slave, whereas the tragicomic
and comic plays incite erotic pleasure or scorn, reactions that distance the audience from the enslaved. I also relate
the generic drift to the increased disciplining of compassion in the 1600s and to France’s growing participation in
the Atlantic slave trade.
Bárbora and Jau
Authors: Gomes António Martins 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines two contrasting emotional responses to enslaved people in the writing of the
Portuguese Renaissance poet Luís de Camões. On the one hand, Bárbora, the captive woman made famous in a lyrical poem
by Camões, stands for the golden age of Portuguese discoveries and its open-mindedness towards far-off exotic
civilizations; on the other hand, Camões depicts Jau, the Javanese slave he owned for about a decade, in a way that
suggests social conservatism and indifference. In the nineteenth century, many Romantic authors and artists, inspired
by the figure of the noble savage and a new emphasis on emotional bonds, highlighted the importance of these two
slaves in the life of Camões.
Scenes of emotion in French early-modern travel writing from the Caribbean
Authors: Kullberg Christina 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the inclusion of voices of the enslaved in seventeenth-century French travel
writing to the Caribbean by looking at three missionaries writing at different moments of the French settlement and
early colonization: Histoire générale des Antilles habitées par les François (1654 and 1667–1671),
written by the Dominican missionary Jean-Baptiste Du Tertre; Jesuit missionary Jean Mongin’s letters on the
evangelization of slaves, written in the 1680s; and Dominican Jean-Baptiste Labat’s Nouveau voyage aux Isles
de l’Amérique, from his stay in Martinique between 1694 and 1706. It makes the argument that while
commerce and profit were unquestionably the main motivations for allowing and sustaining slavery, travelogues also
play on another, emotional register when representing slavery. The aim of the chapter is to interrogate the factors
underpinning this representational strategy and in so doing to draw conclusions about how the techniques and
motivations for including voices changed as slavery was gradually naturalized in the Caribbean.
The Application of Digital-Genomic Tools to Improve Productivity and Profitability in Smallholder Dairy Systems in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Mrode Raphael , Ekine-Dzivenu Chinyere , Gebreyohanes Gebregziabher , Ojango Julie , Mwai Okeyo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The dairy sector contributes 30% and 44% of the livestock-related agricultural GDP in Tanzania and Kenya, respectively. Despite this significant contribution, it is predominantly comprised smallholder farmers with few cows providing vital support in terms of food security, household income and employment for millions of farmers. Research aimed at enhancing productivity and sustainability in these smallholder dairy systems is crucial for rural development, increasing farm incomes, creating employment and supporting women and youth. However, a major challenge is the absence of a routine performance data collection system. Previous efforts to address this limitation often relied on methods from well-established dairy systems in developed countries which frequently failed to adapt effectively. Advances in mobile technology have prompted attempts to investigate alternative cost-effective and practical data recording systems in the smallholder dairy farming with a major focus on information and communications technology (ICT). Successful implementation of digital tools for data collection and synthesis to generate management information as feedback to farmers using ICT-based extension tools has led to increased productivity and household income. Additionally, the use of genomic information allows for genetic evaluation with minimal pedigree information and supports the initiation of breed improvement programs for increased productivity.

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Wirtinger gradient descent methods for low-dose Poisson phase retrieval
Authors: Diederichs Benedikt , Filbir Frank , Römer Patricia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The problem of phase retrieval has many applications in the field of optical imaging. Motivated by imaging experiments with biological specimens, we primarily consider the setting of low-dose illumination where Poisson noise plays the dominant role. In this paper, we discuss gradient descent algorithms based on different loss functions adapted to data affected by Poisson noise, in particular in the low-dose regime. Starting from the maximum log-likelihood function for the Poisson distribution, we investigate different regularizations and approximations of the problem to design an algorithm that meets the requirements that are faced in applications. In the course of this, we focus on low-count measurements. Based on an improved version of a variance-stabilizing transform for the Poisson distribution, we derive a decision rule for the regularization parameter in an averaged amplitude-based loss function. For all discussed loss functions, we study the convergence of the respective gradient descent algorithms to stationary points and find constant step sizes that guarantee descent of the loss in each iteration. Numerical experiments in the low-dose regime are performed to corroborate the theoretical observations.
Error compensation for industrial robots combining kinematics characterized by conformal geometric algebra and fused observability-index-based measurement strategy
Authors: Zhang Jun , Guo Shijie , Lyu He , Tang Shufeng 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The geometric errors of industrial robots are key factors affecting positioning accuracy. A new compensation method for industrial robots is proposed based on the kinematics characterizing with conformal geometric algebra (CGA) and measurement strategy with double ball bar (DBB) path point optimization. Firstly, a kinematic error model for the industrial robot is established using CGA, the starting point of the CGA model is modified to simplify the modeling process and reduce computational complexity. Secondly, fused observability index is proposed and the relationship between the number of sampling points on the DBB path and the effectiveness of error parameter is obtained. Thirdly, the adaptive golden spiral optimization algorithm for error parameter identification is proposed, achieving efficient and stable identification of error parameters. Finally, a case study is carried out on a six-degree-of-freedom industrial robot. The validity of measurement strategy and error parameter identification algorithm are confirmed by comparing the residuals and uncertainties of predicted point positions in space with different methods. The spatial compensation results show that, after compensation, the average error and root mean square error of measurement paths are reduced by 36.76% and 33.96%, respectively.
A novel mechanism and model of hydrogen isotope exchange in vacancy considering nuclear quantum effects
Authors: Liu Qihang , Sun Fei , Zhu Jipeng , Zhou Hai-Shan , Zong Hongxiang , Yang Zhangcan , Zhou Hong-Bo , Oya Yasuhisa , Wu Yucheng 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Tritium (T) retention in plasma-facing materials (PFMs) raises significant radiological safety concerns and adversely affects the self-sustained burning of T in fusion reactors. Therefore, the removal of retained T from PFMs has become an urgent task. Hydrogen isotope (HI) exchange has proven to be an effective method for T removal. However, the microscopic mechanisms, particularly the role of isotope effects, remain insufficiently understood. For the first time, this work employs path integral molecular dynamics to account for the nuclear quantum effects of HIs and explore the microscopic mechanisms of HI exchange in tungsten (W) vacancies. Atomic-scale simulations reveal that the fundamental principle of HI exchange is the reduction in binding energy between HIs and vacancies as the defect filling level increases, involving two key processes: de-trapping and trapping. These processes are influenced by isotope effects, with pronounced differences observed at low temperatures. Notably, T exhibits a higher probability of de-trapping from vacancies compared to hydrogen (H), while vacancies demonstrate a stronger affinity for trapping H. In contrast, the isotope effect is less pronounced between deuterium (D) and H, leading to different exchange efficiencies between H and T, as well as between D and T. Based on these isotope effects, we proposed a detailed microscopic mechanism for HI exchange in vacancies and developed a T evolution model that accounts for variations in HI concentrations. This work advances our understanding of HI exchange for T removal applications and offers a more accurate assessment of T retention in future D–T environments.
Tunnel Quality Inspection Based on GPR and Machine Learning
Authors: Shan Huang Shan , Chao Wang Jun , Dan Cheng Dan , Yan Geng Hong , Yong Zhang Li , Qi Yao Yu , Wen Yao Pei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The development of non-destructive testing, particularly ground penetrating radar (GPR) technology, has gained popularity in underground detection due to its high resolution and non-destructive capabilities. However, the lack of intuitive imaging methods in GPR data analysis leads to poor interpretability, requiring skilled interpreters. To address this, the article suggests a machine learning-based algorithm for tunnel defect detection using GPR data. The YOLOv5 model network is used to train GPR data from actual road and railway tunnel inspections, and a CBAM attention mechanism is added to the original model to achieve high-precision radar scanning image defect recognition and localization. Compared with the original recognition model, the optimized recognition algorithm significantly improves recognition accuracy and greatly improves the efficiency of defect recognition compared to manual interpretation.