bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study of prostate volumes in patients with spinal cord injury
Authors: Gofrit Ofer N. , Yutkin Vladimir , Pode Dov , Duvdevani Mordechai , Landau Ezekiel H. , Gielchinsky Ilan , Hidas Guy 
Published: December 2018

AimsTo evaluate the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) and to deduce the role of the nervous system in this process.MethodsProstate volumes (PVs) of 65 men older than 30 years of age who sustained SCI were determined from CT scans. Correlations of PVs with SCI level, age, age during SCI and duration of paralysis were calculated.ResultsAverage patient's age during SCI was 37.7 (±19) years and during measurement of PV 54.8 (±15.3) years. PVs of patients with SCI were similar to expected age‐adjusted volumes (29.7 ± 24 mL vs 29.9 ± 5.7 mL, P = 0.95). We dichotomized the cohort into two groups: High SCI (T5 and above) and low SCI (T6 and below) with almost identical: number of patients, age of SCI and duration of paralysis. Patients with lower injuries, had significantly smaller PVs when compared both to patients with higher injuries (19.4 ± 6.3 and 39.8 ± 30, P = 0.0006) and to age‐adjusted normal PVs (19.4 ± 6.3 and 29.2 ± 5.8, P = 0.0005). Correlation of PV with age was found in patients higher injuries (R2 = 0.26, p = 0.003) but not in patients with lower (R2 = 0.08, P = 0.11). Moreover, patients with lower SCI had significantly smaller prostate even compared to expected PVs during SCI (18.7 ± 4.6 cc vs 27.8 ± 6.9 cc, P = 0.00006).ConclusionsLow SCI stops and reverses age related increase in PV. This phenomenon does not occur in high SCIs. This suggests that continuous support of the nervous system is essential for sustaining BPH and raises the possibility of finding a non‐hormonal pharmacological intervention for reversing BPH.
Which anticholinergic is best for people with overactive bladders? A network meta‐analysis
Authors: Herbison Peter , McKenzie Joanne E 
Published: December 2018

AimTo carry out a network meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of anticholinergic drug treatment for people with overactive bladders.MethodsComprehensive searches for relevant RCTs were carried out starting with RCTs included in previous systematic reviews with the last search in February 2017. Searches included terms for the anticholinergic drugs tolterodine, oxybutynin, trospium, propiverine, solifenacin, darifenacin, imidafenacin, and fesoterodine. Data was extracted from the systematic reviews or reports of studies for cure or improvement, voids per 24 hr, leakage episodes per 24 hr and dry mouth. Data was analysed using frequentist network meta‐analysis.Results128 studies were found. There was no clearly best treatment for cure or improvement. The differences between treatments for voids and leakages were small and unlikely to be of clinical importance. Transdermally delivered oxybutynin was clearly the best treatment for dry mouth but was still worse than placebo.ConclusionsAll the anticholinergic drugs were better than placebo but apart from dry mouth were similar in effect. Transdermal oxybutynin caused less dry mouth than the other treatments, so may be worth considering as the first treatment.
Comparing diagnostic accuracy of luminal water imaging with diffusion‐weighted and dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI in prostate cancer: A quantitative MRI study
Authors: Sabouri Shirin , Chang Silvia D. , Goldenberg S. Larry , Savdie Richard , Jones Edward C. , Black Peter C. , Fazli Ladan , Kozlowski Piotr 
Published: December 2018

Luminal water imaging (LWI) is a new MRI T2 mapping technique that has been developed with the aim of diagnosis of prostate carcinoma (PCa). This technique measures the fractional amount of luminal water in prostate tissue, and has shown promising preliminary results in detection of PCa. To include LWI in clinical settings, further investigation on the accuracy of this technique is required. In this study, we compare the diagnostic accuracy of LWI with those of diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) and dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) MRI in detection and grading of PCa. Fifteen patients with biopsy‐proven PCa consented to participate in this ethics‐board‐approved prospective study. Patients were examined with LWI, DWI, and DCE sequences at 3 T prior to radical prostatectomy. Maps of MRI parameters were generated and registered to whole‐mount histology. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of individual and combined MR parameters. Correlation with Gleason score (GS) was evaluated using Spearman's rank correlation test. The results show that area under the ROC curve (AUC) obtained from LWI was equal to or higher than the AUC obtained from DWI, DCE, or their combination, in peripheral zone (0.98 versus 0.90, 0.89, and 0.91 respectively), transition zone (0.99 versus 0.98, n/a, and 0.98), and the entire prostate (0.85 versus 0.81, 0.75, and 0.84). The strongest correlation with GS was achieved from LWI (ρ = −0.81 ± 0.09, P < 0.001). Results of this pilot study show that LWI performs equally well as, or better than, DWI and DCE in detection of PCa. LWI provides significantly higher correlation with GS than DWI and DCE. This technique can potentially be included in clinical MRI protocols to improve characterization of tumors. However, considering the small size of the patient population in this study, a further study with a larger cohort of patients and broader range of GS is required to confirm the findings and draw a firm conclusion on the applicability of LWI in clinical settings.
Hexanoyl chitosan/ENR25 blend polymer electrolyte system for electrical double layer capacitor
Authors: Winie Tan , Jamal Asheila , Saaid Farish Irfal , Tseng Tseung‐Yuen 
Published: December 2018

Single salt polymer electrolytes based on hexanoyl chitosan‐ENR25 were prepared by employing LiN (CF3SO2)2 or LiCF3SO3 as the doping salt. Elastic property of hexanoyl chitosan was enhanced with the incorporation of ENR25. DSC studies revealed immiscibility of hexanoyl chitosan and ENR25, and dissolution of salt was favored in ENR25 phase. Conductivity enhancement was observed in the blends as compared with the neat hexanoyl chitosan. The maximum conductivities achieved for LiCF3SO3‐ and LiN (CF3SO2)2‐comprising electrolyte systems were 1.6 × 10−8 and 5.0 × 10−7 S cm−1, respectively. Deconvolution of spectra bands in the vas (SO2−) mode of LiN (CF3SO2)2 and vs (SO3−) mode of LiCF3SO3 has been carried out to estimate the relative percentage of free ions and associated ions. The findings were in good agreement with conductivity results. Electrical double layer capacitor (EDLC) was fabricated with hexanoyl chitosan/ENR25 (90:10)‐LiN (CF3SO2)2‐EmImTFSI electrolyte and activated carbon‐based electrodes. The conductivity and electrochemical stability window of hexanoyl chitosan/ENR25‐LiN (CF3SO2)2‐EmImTFSI were ~10−6 S cm−1 and 2.7 V, respectively. The performance of the EDLC was analyzed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge‐discharge (GCD). From GCD, the specific capacitance of EDLC was 58.0 F g−1 at 0.6 mA cm−2. The specific capacitance was found to decrease with increasing current density.
Ventilation inhomogeneity is associated with OGTT‐derived insulin secretory defects in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Colombo Carla , Alicandro Gianfranco , Gambazza Simone , Mileto Palmiro , Mari Andrea , Grespan Eleonora , Nazzari Erica , Russo Maria Chiara , Battezzati Alberto 
Published: December 2018

AbstractProgressive deterioration of β‐cell function is the main mechanism underlying diabetes in cystic fibrosis (CF). Diabetes negatively impacts the clinical status of CF patients years before its onset. We aimed to evaluate if OGTT‐derived indices of β‐cell function are associated with early markers of lung disease. We carried out a cross‐sectional study on 80 CF patients who performed OGTT, spirometry, and nitrogen‐multiple breath washout test. β‐cell glucose sensitivity and the insulinogenic indices were used as markers of β‐cell function and first‐phase insulin response to glucose stimulus. We used sex‐ and age‐adjusted multiple linear regression models to estimate the association between OGTT‐derived indices and lung function measures. An increment of β‐cell glucose sensitivity equal to its interquartile range was associated with an increase in ppFEV1 of 7.6 points (95%CI: 0.8; 14.4) as well as with a decrease in LCI of −1.96 units (95%CI: −3.40; −0.51) and in Scond of −0.016 L−1 (95%CI: −0.026; −0.007). The corresponding figures for insulinogenic index were: 8.6 (95%CI: 3.4; 13.9) for ppFEV1, −2.03 (95%CI: −3.13; −0.94) for LCI, and −0.014 L−1 (95%CI: −0.021; −0.071) for Scond. When adjusting also for 2‐h plasma glucose, both β‐cell glucose sensitivity and insulinogenic index remained inversely associated with Scond. Deterioration of β‐cell function is related to early lung disease in young patients with mild to normal pulmonary function. This relationship is independent from hyperglycemia and mainly involves conductive airways.
Post‐MI treatment with G‐CSF and EPO‐liposome with SLX repairs infarcted myocardium through EPCs mobilization and activation of prosurvival signals in rabbits
Authors: Yamada Yoshihisa , Minatoguchi Shingo , Endo Noriko , Kanamori Hiromitsu , Kawasaki Masanori , Nishigaki Kazuhiko , Mikami Atsushi , Minatoguchi Shinya 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe investigated whether combination therapy of G‐CSF and erythropoietin (EPO)‐liposome with Siaryl Lewis X (SLX) is more cardioprotective than G‐CSF or EPO‐liposome with SLX alone. For the purpose of generating myocardial infarction (MI), rabbits underwent 30 minutes of coronary occlusion and 14 days of reperfusion. We administered saline (control group, i.v.,), G‐CSF (G group, 10 μg/kg/day × 5 days, i.c., starting at 24 hours after reperfusion), EPO‐liposome with SLX (LE group, i.v., 2500 IU/kg EPO containing liposome with SLX, immediately after reperfusion), and G‐CSF + EPO‐liposome with SLX (LE + G group) to the rabbits. The MI size was the smallest in the LE+G group (14.7 ± 0.8%), and smaller in the G group (22.4 ± 1.5%) and LE group (18.5 ± 1.1%) than in the control group (27.8 ± 1.5%). Compared with the control group, the cardiac function and remodeling of the G, LE, and LE + G groups were improved, and LE + G group tended to show the best improvement. The number of CD31‐positive microvessels was the greatest in the LE + G group, greater in the G and LE groups than in the control group. Higher expressions of phosphorylated (p)‐Akt and p‐ERK were observed in the ischemic area of the LE and LE + G groups. The number of CD34+/CXCR4+ cells was significantly higher in the G and LE + G groups. The cardiac SDF‐1 was more expressed in the G and LE + G groups. In conclusion, Post‐MI combination therapy with G‐CSF and EPO‐liposome with SLX is more cardioprotective than G‐CSF or EPO‐liposome with SLX alone through EPCs mobilization, neovascularization, and activation of prosurvival signals.
Curcumin intervention for cognitive function in different types of people: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhu Li‐Na , Mei Xi , Zhang Zeng‐Guo , Xie Ying‐ping , Lang Fang 
Published: December 2018

Curcumin is a polyphenolic natural compound with diverse and attractive biological activities, which may prevent or ameliorate pathological processes underlying age‐related cognitive decline, dementia, or mood disorders. However, clinical trials and animal studies have yielded conflicting conclusions regarding its effectiveness for cognition in different individuals. The aim of this review is to meta‐analytically assess the effectiveness of curcumin for cognitive function in different types of people. A preliminary search on PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, Cochrane Library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang Data and China Biology Medicine disc was performed to identify randomized controlled trials investigating the effect of curcumin on cognition. Six clinical trials with a total of 289 subjects met inclusion criteria for this review. We used a random‐effects model to calculate the pooled standardized difference of means (SMD). For older adults who received curcumin, scores on measures of cognitive function (SMD = 0.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.05, 0.62]; p = 0.02), occurrence of adverse events (odds ratio [OR] = 5.59, 95% CI [0.96, 36.80]; p = 0.05), and measures of depression (SMD = −0.29, 95% CI [0.64, 0.05]; p = 0.09) indicated significant memory improvement. In patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), scores in measures of cognition status (SMD = −0.90, 95% CI [1.48, −0.32]; p = 0.002) indicated that there was a trend for treated subjects to do worse than placebo‐treated subjects on the Mini‐Mental State Examination. The occurrence of adverse events (OR = 0.87, 95% CI [0.10, 7.51]; p = 0.90) was similar to those who received placebo. Due to insufficient data, it was impossible to provide a narrative account of only the outcomes for schizophrenia. Curcumin appears to be more effective in improving cognitive function in the elderly than in improving symptoms of AD and schizophrenia. Curcumin is also safe and tolerated among these individuals. Because of the small number of studies available, a funnel plot or sensitivity analysis was not possible. Further high‐quality trials with larger sample sizes or bioavailability‐improved curcumin formulations may be considered for reliable assessment.
The gas‐phase ozonolysis reaction of methylbutenol: A mechanistic study
Authors: Almatarneh Mansour H. , Elayan Ismael A. , Abu‐Saleh Abd Al‐Aziz A. , Altarawneh Mohammednoor , Ariya Parisa A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe gas‐phase ozonolysis reaction of methylbutenol through the Criegee mechanism is investigated. The initial reaction leads to a primary ozonide (POZ) formation with barriers in the range of 10–28 kJ mol−1. The formation of 2‐hydroxy‐2‐methyl‐propanal (HMP) and formaldehyde‐oxide is more favorable, by 10 kJ mol−1, than the syn‐CI and formaldehyde. The unimolecular dissociation of the more stable syn‐CI via 1,5‐H transfer into an epoxide is more favored than the epoxide and 3O2 formation. The ester channel led to the formation of the acetone and formic acid favorably from the anti‐CI. The hydration of the anti‐CI with H2O and (H2O)2 is significantly barrierless with a higher plausibility to the latter, and thus they may lead to the formation of peroxides and ultimately OH radicals, as well as airborne particulate matter. Reaction of anti‐CI with water dimers enhances its atmospheric reactivity by a factor of 28 in reference to water monomers.
An approach to compute and design the delay margin of a large‐scale matrix delay equation
Authors: Ramírez Adrián , Koh Min Hyong , Sipahi Rifat 
Published: December 2018

SummaryA methodology to compute and design the delay margin (DM) of large‐scale linear time‐invariant systems is presented. Different from existing work, this methodology is scalable; does not impose restrictions on the system to be able to invoke simultaneous triangularization or simultaneous diagonalization; and sheds light on how the finite number of delay‐free system eigenvalues can be effectively utilized to compute or design the DM.
Identification and Characterization of Terpenoid Lactones and Flavonoids from Ethanolic Extract ofAndrographis Paniculata(Burm.f.) Nees Using Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Singh Awantika , Bajpai Vikas , Sharma Kulwant R. , Kumar Brijesh 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAndrographis paniculatais traditionally used for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases due to its bioactive terpenoid lactones and flavonoids. So, there is an urgent need to develop a liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method for identification and characterization of terpenoid lactones and flavonoids. The chromatographic separation of terpenoid lactones and flavonoids from crude extract was carried on Thermo Betasil C8 column (250 mm × 4.5 mm, 5 μm) using 0.1% formic acid in water and 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile as a mobile phase by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry. Terpenoid lactones showed characteristic consecutive losses of H2O, HCHO and CO whereas flavonoids gave successive losses of CH3, CH4, CO and retro Diels Alder fragment ions. In total 68 compounds including 28 terpenoid lactones and 40 flavonoids were tentatively identified and characterized on the basis of their chromatographic and mass spectrometric features (molecular formula, exact mass measurements and tandem mass spectrometry). Andrographolide and wogonin were unambiguously identified by comparison with their authentic standards. The present method can be used for identification and characterization of terpenoid lactones and flavonoids.
Empirical evaluation of mutation‐based test case prioritization techniques
Authors: Shin Donghwan , Yoo Shin , Papadakis Mike , Bae Doo‐Hwan 
Published: December 2018

SummaryIn this paper, we propose a new test case prioritization technique that combines both mutation‐based and diversity‐aware approaches. The diversity‐aware mutation‐based technique relies on the notion of mutant distinguishment, which aims to distinguish one mutant's behaviour from another, rather than from the original program. The relative cost and effectiveness of the mutation‐based prioritization techniques (i.e., using both the traditional mutant kill and the proposed mutant distinguishment) are empirically investigated with 352 real faults and 553,477 developer‐written test cases. The empirical evaluation considers both the traditional and the diversity‐aware mutation criteria in various settings: single‐objective greedy, hybrid, and multi‐objective optimization. The results show that there is no single dominant technique across all the studied faults. To this end, the reason why each one of the mutation‐based prioritization criteria performs poorly is discussed, using a graphical model called Mutant Distinguishment Graph that demonstrates the distribution of the fault‐detecting test cases with respect to mutant kills and distinguishment. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bergapten induces G1 arrest and pro‐apoptotic cascade in colorectal cancer cells associating with p53/p21/PTEN axis
Authors: Lin Ching‐Pin , Lin Chun‐Shiang , Lin Hui‐Han , Li Kuan‐Te , Kao Shao‐Hsuan , Tsao Shih‐Ming 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBergapten is a natural compound and has potent anticancer activities. In this study, we explored the cytotoxicity of bergapten on colorectal cancer (CRC) cell DLD‐1 and LoVo and its underlying mechanisms. We observed that bergapten (30 and 50 μM) decreased the viability of the CRC cells and induced the G0/G1 and sub‐G1 phase arrest. Furthermore, immunoblotting results indicated that bergapten increased p53, phospho‐p53(Ser‐46), p21, PUMA, Bax, PTEN, and the caspase‐9 and caspase‐3 cleavage, but decreased cyclin E, CDK2, and phosphor‐AKT(Ser‐473) in the CRC cells. Inhibition of p53 by pifithrin‐α reversed the bergapten‐induced p53‐mediated apoptotic cascade and restored the survival signaling and cell viability. Collectively, our findings reveal that bergapten decrease the cell viability and induce cell cycle arrest in the CRC cells, which may be attributed to p53‐mediated apoptotic cascade, upregulation of p21 and PTEN, and inhibition of AKT.
Integration of multiple passive load mitigation technologies by automated design optimization—The case study of a medium‐size onshore wind turbine
Authors: Bortolotti Pietro , Bottasso Carlo L. , Croce Alessandro , Sartori Luca 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe present work considers the application to a medium‐size onshore wind turbine of passive load mitigation technologies, first individually and then integrated together. The study is conducted with the help of a comprehensive automated design optimization procedure, which eases the generation and comparison of consistent solutions, each satisfying the same overall requirements. Passive load mitigation is here obtained by inducing bend‐twist coupling to the blades. The coupling is generated by rotating the fibers of anisotropic laminates, by the aerodynamic sweeping of the blade and by offsetting the spar caps in opposite directions on the pressure and suction sides. The first two solutions yield significant benefits, while the third, for this particular wind turbine, is ineffective. In addition, the typical power losses associated with bend‐twist coupled blades are reduced by a novel regulation strategy that varies the fine pitch setting in the partial load region. After having considered each load mitigation technology by itself, fiber rotation and sweeping are combined together and used to design a rotor with a larger swept area. The final design generates cost of energy savings thanks to a large‐diameter, highly coned, soft‐in‐bending rotor that results in lower turbine costs and a higher energy capture compared with the baseline design.
Cover Image, Volume 11, Issue 1
Authors: Cha Bong Geun , Kim Jaeyun 
Published: December 2018

The front cover image is based on the Focus Article Functional mesoporous silica nanoparticles for bio‐imaging applications, by Jaeyun Kim and Bong Geun Cha, https://doi.org/10.1002/wnan.1515.
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Inside Cover Image, Volume 11, Issue 1
Authors: Rodriguez‐Otormin Fernanda , Duro‐Castano Aroa , Conejos‐Sánchez Inmaculada , Vicent María J. 
Published: December 2018

The inside cover image is based on the Advanced Review Envisioning the future of polymer therapeutics for brain disorders, by Fernanda Rodriguez‐Otormin et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/wnan.1532.
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Association between timing of peritoneal dialysis initiation and mortality in end‐stage renal disease
Authors: Peng Yuan , Yang Xiao , Chen Wei , Yu Xue‐Qing 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDespite the widespread use of chronic dialysis for end‐stage renal disease (ESRD), there is no consensus on the optimal timing of initiating renal replacement therapy. Over the past decade, a worldwide trend toward increasing glomerular filtration rate at the initiation of dialysis has been noted. However, available data indicate that early dialysis has no survival benefit or is harmful. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is one alternative for ESRD and has potential survival factors different from those of hemodialysis. The association between the timing of PD initiation and survival is unclear. This review examines the effect of the timing of dialysis on clinical outcomes in PD patients.
A combination treatment of transanal total mesorectal excision and Turnbull–Cutait abdominoperineal pull-through procedure for a low rectal cancer
Authors: Celik Suleyman Utku , Cetinkaya Omer Arda , Akin Furkan Atakan , Fiúza Stéfano do Amaral , Gecim Ibrahim Ethem 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSurgical treatment for low rectal cancer has changed dramatically during the preceding several decades, and the optimal surgical approach remains incompletely developed. Transanal total mesorectal excision is likely the most promising approach for the dissection of the distal part of the mesorectum in a manner that allows for a technically easy and oncologically safe operation. Long after it was first described, the Turnbull–Cutait abdominoperineal pull-through procedure has recently been reintroduced in surgical practice for the treatment of patients with complex anorectal conditions. The current report describes a case of distal rectal cancer involving successful surgical treatment with a combination of the two aforementioned methods and patient discharge without a diverting stoma.