bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultraviolet light illuminates the avian nature of the Berlin Archaeopteryx skeleton
Authors: Schwarz Daniela , Kundrát Martin , Tischlinger Helmut , Dyke Gareth , Carney Ryan M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe question of whether the iconic avialanArchaeopteryxwas capable of active flapping flight or only passive gliding is still unresolved. This study contributes to this debate by reporting on two key aspects of this fossil that are visible under ultraviolet (UV) light. In contrast to previous studies, we show that most of the vertebral column of the BerlinArchaeopteryxpossesses intraosseous pneumaticity, and that pneumatic structures also extend beyond the anterior thoracic vertebrae in other specimens ofArchaeopteryx. With a minimum Pneumaticity Index (PI) of 0.39,Archaeopteryxhad a much more lightweight skeleton than has been previously reported, comprising an air sac-driven respiratory system with the potential for a bird-like, high-performance metabolism. The neural spines of the 16thto 22ndpresacral vertebrae in the BerlinArchaeopteryxare bridged by interspinal ossifications, and form a rigid notarium-like structure similar to the condition seen in modern birds. This reinforced vertebral column, combined with the extensive development of air sacs, suggests thatArchaeopteryxwas capable of flapping its wings for cursorial and/or aerial locomotion.
Genome-wide analysis of canine oral malignant melanoma metastasis-associated gene expression
Authors: Bowlt Blacklock K. L. , Birand Z. , Selmic L. E. , Nelissen P. , Murphy S. , Blackwood L. , Bass J. , McKay J. , Fox R. , Beaver S. , Starkey M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOral malignant melanoma (OMM) is the most common canine melanocytic neoplasm. Overlap between the somatic mutation profiles of canine OMM and human mucosal melanomas suggest a shared UV-independent molecular aetiology. In common with human mucosal melanomas, most canine OMM metastasise. There is no reliable means of predicting canine OMM metastasis, and systemic therapies for metastatic disease are largely palliative. Herein, we employed exon microarrays for comparative expression profiling of FFPE biopsies of 18 primary canine OMM that metastasised and 10 primary OMM that did not metastasise. Genes displaying metastasis-associated expression may be targets for anti-metastasis treatments, and biomarkers of OMM metastasis. Reduced expression of CXCL12 in the metastasising OMMs implies that the CXCR4/CXCL12 axis may be involved in OMM metastasis. Increased expression of APOBEC3A in the metastasising OMMs may indicate APOBEC3A-induced double-strand DNA breaks and pro-metastatic hypermutation. DNA double strand breakage triggers the DNA damage response network and two Fanconi anaemia DNA repair pathway members showed elevated expression in the metastasising OMMs. Cross-validation was employed to test a Linear Discriminant Analysis classifier based upon the RT-qPCR-measured expression levels of CXCL12, APOBEC3A and RPL29. Classification accuracies of 94% (metastasising OMMs) and 86% (non-metastasising OMMs) were estimated.
Nanoemulsion-loaded hydrogel coatings for inhibition of bacterial virulence and biofilm formation on solid surfaces
Authors: Prateeksha  , Barik Saroj Kanta , Singh Brahma Nand 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe indiscriminate use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria which has become one of the biggest challenges of the twenty-first century for the researchers to combat and in turn search for novel targets which could lead to the development of effective and sustainable therapies. Inhibition of biofilm formation and virulence of bacterial pathogens is an emerging approach to address the challenges related to bacterial infections. To suppress the virulence and biofilm formation byEscherichia coliO157:H7 (ECOH), we developed stable nanoemulsion (NE) ofGaultheria fragrantissimaWall. essential oil’s (EO) bioactive compounds, viz., eugenol (E-NE) and methyl salicylate (MS-NE) that showed significantly higher anti-biofilm and anti-virulence activities as compared to eugenol and methyl salicylate without affecting ECOH planktonic cell growth. Transcriptional analysis showed that E-NE and MS-NE reduced the expression of genes, including curli, type I fimbriae, Shiga-like toxins, quorum sensing, andler-controlled toxins, which are needed for biofilm formation, pathogenicity, and attachment. E-NE and MS-NE loaded hydrogel coatings showed superior anti-biofilm activity against ECOH on glass, plastic and meat surfaces as compared to eugenol and methyl salicylate loaded coatings. Conclusively, NE-loaded hydrogel coatings could be used in combating ECOH infection on solid surfaces through anti-biofilm and anti-virulence strategies.
Complexes of lanthanides(iii) with mixed 2,2′-bipyridyl and 5,7-dibromo-8-quinolinoline chelating ligands as a new class of promising anti-cancer agents
Authors: Qin Qi-Pin , Wang Zhen-Feng , Tan Ming-Xiong , Huang Xiao-Ling , Zou Hua-Hong , Zou Bi-Qun , Shi Bei-Bei , Zhang Shu-Hua 
Published: April 2019

AbstractFive novel lanthanides(iii) complexes, [Lu(Me)(MBrQ)2NO3] (MeMBrQ-Lu), [Ho(MeO)(MBrQ)2NO3] (MeOMBrQ-Ho), [Ho(Me)(MBrQ)2NO3] (MeMBrQ-Ho), [La(Me)2(BrQ)2NO3] (MeBrQ-La) and [Sm(Me)(BrQ)2(CH3OH)NO3] (MeBrQ-Sm), have been synthesized, in which 2,2′-bipyridyl (4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridyl (Me) and 4,4′-dimethoxy-2,2′-bipyridine (MeO)) and 5,7-dibromo-8-quinolinoline derivatives (5,7-dibromo-2-methyl-8-quinolinol (MBrQ-H) and 5,7-dibromo-8-quinolinol (BrQ-H)) act as the chelating ligands. The in vitro cytotoxic activities of the five Ln(iii) complexes have been studied with the SK-OV-3/DDP, NCI-H460 and HeLa cancer cells. MeMBrQ-Lu, MeOMBrQ-Ho, MeMBrQ-Ho, MeBrQ-La and MeBrQ-Sm show higher cytotoxicity against the HeLa cells (IC50 values of 1.00 nM–3.45 μM) than cisplatin (13.11 ± 0.53 μM). In particular, the MeOMBrQ-Ho and MeMBrQ-Ho complexes exhibit superior cytotoxic activity, with IC50 values at 1.00 ± 0.34 nM and 125.00 ± 1.08 nM. We further demonstrate that MeOMBrQ-Ho and MeMBrQ-Ho inhibit the proliferation of HeLa cells by inhibiting telomerase and targeting mitochondria to induce DNA damage-mediated apoptosis. In addition, MeOMBrQ-Ho significantly inhibits tumor growth with a tumor growth inhibition rate (IR) of 50.8% in a HeLa mouse xenograft model. Taken together, MeOMBrQ-Ho is a novel lanthanide(iii) complex with promising antitumor activity.
Fully digital multi‐frequency compact high‐frequency radar system for sea surface remote sensing
Authors: Tian Yingwei , Wen Biyang , Li Ziyan , Hou Yidong , Tian Zhen , Huang Weimin 
Published: April 2019

Compared with single‐frequency high frequency surface wave radar (HFSWR), a multi‐frequency (MF) system provides more feasibility in sea surface dynamic parameters measurement and target detection. In this study, a novel multi‐frequency compact HFSWR based on a fully digital architecture is developed. This system employs a flexible signal processing procedure with low hardware complexity. Without changing the circuit, it can realise two typical multi‐frequency schemes, including time‐division MF (TDMF) and frequency‐division MF (FDMF). Furthermore, a waveform selection criterion is proposed by analysing the difference between the TDMF and FDMF schemes in frequency‐modulated interrupted continuous wave (FMICW). The system performance is preliminarily validated in two frequencies by both close‐loop test and field experiment. It is shown that the range processing of two frequencies are coherent with an amplitude variation <0.005 dB and a phase variation <0.02° over a coherent integration time of ∼8.5 min. Moreover, the sea surface radial current speed measured by two radar frequencies agree (well) with each other with a root‐mean‐square difference of ∼10 cm/s. The accuracy of current speed is verified by buoy data, with an overall correlation coefficient >0.93 and a root‐mean‐square error between 11.0 and 13.0 cm/s.
Different Strategies for Obtaining Enantiopure Hemicryptophanes
Authors: Colomban Cédric , Châtelet Bastien , Martinez Alexandre 
Published: April 2019

Hemicryptophanes have recently emerged as an attractive class of cages due to their interesting applications as supramolecular receptors and catalysts. Over the last decade, substantial advances have been made regarding the preparation of enantiopure versions of these synthetic receptors. Enantiopure hemicryptophanes are commonly obtained through the separation of diastereomers by chromatography, or by resolution of racemic mixtures using chiral HPLC. This short review summarizes the existing methods to access to these chiral organic architectures and discusses the benefits and drawbacks of each approach.1	Introduction2	Enantiopure Hemicryptophanes Obtained by Introducing Additional Chiral Units and Separation of Diastereomers2.1	Synthesis by Means of Intramolecular Macrocyclization Reactions2.2	[1+1] Coupling of the CTV and the Southern Part3	Enantiopure Hemicryptophanes Obtained by Means of Chiral HPLC Resolution of Enantiomers3.1	Resolution of Hemicryptophane Racemates3.2	Resolution of CTV-Based Precursor Racemates4	Conclusion
Maintenance of Integrity of Upper Facet Joints during Simulated Percutaneous Pedicle Screw Insertion Using 2D versus 3D Planning
Authors: Archavlis Eleftherios , Ringel Florian , Kantelhardt Sven 
Published: April 2019

Background No studies have directly and quantitatively compared two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) planning as applied during conventional percutaneous or navigated percutaneous pedicle screw placement.
Study Aims This lumbar pedicle-based stabilization simulation study aimed to investigate the risk of upper facet joint violation (FJV) during posterior percutaneous pedicle screw placement with conventional 2D planning of screw implantation (as a model for fluoroscopically guided screws) compared with 3D planning (as used with navigation techniques).
Methods The placement of monosegmental lumbar pedicle screws using the data sets of 250 consecutive patients was simulated. Conventional surgery (using 2D fluoroscopic images anteroposterior and lateral view) was compared with screw placement using the 3D reconstruction of the planning mode of the same software.
Results The 2D planning resulted in 140 upper FJVs (28% of cases), whereas 3D planning resulted in only 24 upper FJVs (4.8% of cases) (p < 0.05). Among those spinal segments with severe facet joint arthropathy, Pathria grades 3 and 4, FJV was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the 2D-planned screws (64.7%) than in the 3D-planned screws (11.2%). A more lateral (mean distance: 3.5 mm) and inferior (mean distance: 2.5 mm) offset of the pedicle entry point and a larger medial angulation of the trajectory (mean angle: 9 degrees) were observed for the 3D-planned screws at all levels.
Conclusion This study demonstrates that the use of 2D planning is associated with a higher risk of upper FJV than when a 3D imaging data set is used. Using a more lateral and inferior entry point for fluoroscopically guided pedicle screws could reduce the rate of FJV in percutaneous pedicle screw placement.
Long-term Outcomes of Microvascular Decompression in the Treatment of Hemifacial Spasm Based on Different Offending Vessels
Authors: Zhao Hua , Tang Yinda , Zhang Xin , Zhu Jin , Yuan Yan , Zhou Ping , Li Shiting 
Published: April 2019

Objective To evaluate clinical features, outcomes, and complications in patients with hemifacial spasm (HFS) after microvascular decompression (MVD) of different offending vessels.
Methods Clinical data were collected from 362 patients with HFS treated with MVD between January 2013 and January 2014. Patients were divided into five groups based on the offending vessel: A (anterior inferior cerebellar artery [AICA] compression), B (posterior inferior cerebellar artery [PICA] compression), C (AICA plus PICA compression), D (vertebral artery [VA] compression), and E (VA plus small vessel compression).
Results The most common offending vessel was the AICA (51.38%). The most common compression site was the root exit zone. During the follow-up period, the effective rate was 95.48% in group A, 92.15% in group B, 93.10% in group C, 90.14% in group D, and 91.45% in group E. Twenty-nine patients exhibited delayed facial palsy, the most common complication.
Conclusion No statistically significant differences were found in long-term outcomes or MVD-related complications among the study groups. The type of offending vessel was not a prognostic factor for MVD in patients with HFS.
A note on the emotive origins of syntax
Authors: Trotzke Andreas 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this note, I ask what (if any) linguistic means above the word level might have already been in place before our full-blown syntactic capacity involving recursive Merge has evolved. I argue that the ‘pre-Merge era’ might have been characterized by paratactic emotive utterances comparable to root small clauses in modern languages. At the end of this contribution, this new emotive perspective on so-called ‘living linguistic fossils’ is extended to the core syntactic property of displacement, which features an augmentation strategy in the form of multiple copies that is reminiscent of doubling and reduplication processes involved in conveying expressive meaning components.
Who are we?
Authors: Wei Jennifer M. , Duann Ren-feng 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This paper analyzes how political aspirations and convictions during Taiwan’s authoritarian period (from the 1940s
to 1996) are expressed through first-person plural pronouns. Combining both corpus-assisted method and discourse historical
analysis (DHA, Wodak et al. 1999), we compared the speeches delivered by the
presidents – Chiang Kai-shek (CKS, 1955–1975), Chiang Ching-kuo (CCK, 1978–1988), and Lee Teng-hui (LTH, 1989–1996) – from the
one-party domination era to the time of the direct presidential elections in 1996. Moreover, by locating lexical items in the
co-texts and checking the collocates, we have tried to find referents of we against changing socio-political
contexts. The meaning of we has changed from representing Chinese compatriots on the Chinese mainland and the
revolutionary militia in CKS’s speeches to an over-inclusion and more hearer-dominant (HD) we in CCK’s speeches.
A “wandering we” was found in LTH’s speeches with which a well-defined national collectivity was difficult to
identify in the late 1980s.
“When I speak people look at me”
Authors: Napier Jemina , Oram Rosemary , Young Alys , Skinner Robert 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDeaf people’s lives are predicated to some extent on working with sign language interpreters. The self is translated on a regular basis and is a long-term state of being. Identity becomes known and performed through the translated self in many interactions, especially at work. (Hearing) others’ experience of deaf people, largely formed indirectly through the use of sign language interpreters, is rarely understood as intercultural or from a sociocultural linguistic perspective. This study positions itself at the cross-roads of translation studies, sociolinguistics and deaf studies, to specifically discuss findings from a scoping study that sought, for the first time, to explore whether the experience of being ‘known’ through translation is a pertinent issue for deaf signers. Through interviews with three deaf signers, we examine how they draw upon their linguistic repertoires and adopt bimodal translanguaging strategies in their work to assert or maintain their professional identity, including bypassing their representation through interpreters. This group we refer to as ‘Deaf Contextual Speakers’ (DCS). The DCS revealed the tensions they experienced as deaf signers in reinforcing, contravening or perpetuating language ideologies, with respect to assumptions that hearing people make about them as deaf people, their language use in differing contexts; the status of sign language; as well as the perceptions of other deaf signers about their translanguaging choices. This preliminary discussion of DCS’ engagement with translation, translanguaging and professional identity(ies) will contribute to theoretical discussions of translanguaging through the examination of how this group of deaf people draw upon their multilingual and multimodal repertoires, contingent and situational influences on these choices, and extend our understanding of the relationship between language use, power, identity, translation and representation.
Refiguring Asianness in tourism advertising
Authors: Sidiropoulou Maria 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIdentities are often reshaped, in translanguaging contexts, to fit narratives circulating in target environments. Analysis of parallel tourism data shifts is a rich resource for tracing how space identities may travel cross-culturally. The study tackles representations of Asianness as manifested through English and Greek parallel texts, in tourism advertising, to reveal locally internalized ‘speaker positionings’ which significantly affect the ‘package of identity features’ attributed to a destination. The analysis first takes into consideration the visibility of Asian spaces in the Greek press and points to features which may allow a unified account of media and travel discourses, drawing on tourism theoretical accounts. Discursively conveyed representations of Asian spaces are assumed to immensely affect perception of Asian destinations and sensibilities in audiences.
Feline obesity and diabetes: a One Health perspective.
Authors: Lewitt M. S. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
There is increasing awareness of obesity and diabetes mellitus in cats that parallels the 'epidemic' of obesity and type 2 diabetes in humans. Likewise, understanding of the pathophysiology and management of feline obesity and diabetes has developed alongside and draws from human medicine. As in human medicine, overweight and obesity are associated with the development with diabetes; however, there are other genetic and environmental influences that contribute to this risk, some of which are shared. In cats, the body condition score appears to be a good diagnostic tool. It is reliable in the hands of owners and is likely to reflect visceral adiposity. However, the diagnostic label of feline obesity should be considered against the rate of success of any intervention, owner perspectives and impact on cat quality of life, as well as risk of future disease. The classification of human diabetes is evolving towards one that is more closely linked to disease outcome and therefore management. Consideration could be given to classifying the diabetes of hypersomatotropism and that associated with exogenous glucocorticoid administration in cats, separately in veterinary medicine. Rather regarding feline obesity and diabetes as models of human disease, a closer interdisciplinary 'One Health' approach between veterinary and human medicine is warranted to advance research and clinical care in this field.
Citrus peel flavonoids improve lipid metabolism by inhibiting miR-33 and miR-122 expression in HepG2 cells
Authors: Su Dongxiao , Liu Hesheng , Qi Xiangyang , Dong Lihong , Zhang Ruifen , Zhang Jie 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
Citrus plants are rich in flavonoids and beneficial for lipid metabolism. However, the mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Both citrus peel flavonoid extracts (CPFE) and a mixture of their primary flavonoid compounds, namely, nobiletin, tangeretin and hesperidin, citrus flavonoid purity mixture (CFPM), were found to have lipid-lowering effects on oleic acid-induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. The carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1α (CPT1α) gene was markedly increased, while the fatty acid synthase (FAS) gene was significantly decreased by both CPFE and CFPM in oleic acid-treated HepG2 cells. Flavonoid compounds from citrus peel suppressed miR-122 and miR-33 expression, which were induced by oleic acid. Changes in miR-122 and miR-33 expression, which subsequently affect the expression of their target mRNAs FAS and CPT1α, are most likely the principal mechanisms leading to decreased lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. Citrus flavonoids likely regulate lipid metabolism by modulating the expression levels of miR-122 and miR-33.
All-polymer based polymorph skin with controllable surface texture
Authors: Bolson Natanael , Singh Devendra , Lube Vinicius , Lubineau Gilles 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Smart skins are integrating an increasing number of functionalities to improve the interactions between the equipped systems (robots or artificial systems) and their ambient environment. Here, we introduce a controllable texture as a new functionality, based on an innovative soft technology that leverages the strong electro-mechanical coupling of our all-polymer design, which can be easily embedded to a wide range of systems. The device comprises a polymer-based heating element [doped PEDOT:PSS (poly-(3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene): poly (styrene sulfonic acid))], a polymer-based soft actuator (Ecoflex 00–50/ethanol) and a polymer-based casing [PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane)]. We introduce a smart pipe prototype module and use our controllable polymorph skin to tailor the interaction between the pipe and the fluid. This allows us to obtain a 50% reduction of the friction coefficient in turbulent regime, between non-actuated and actuated configurations. This concept may find applications in engineering fields such as smart skin-based touch control and controllable friction coefficients.
Universal quantum Hawking evaporation of integrable two-dimensional solitons
Authors: Robson Charles W , Villari Leone Di Mauro , Biancalana Fabio 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
We show that any soliton solution of an arbitrary two-dimensional integrable equation has the potential to eventually evaporate and emit the exact analogue of Hawking radiation from black holes. From the AKNS matrix formulation of integrability, we show that it is possible to associate a real spacetime metric tensor which defines a curved surface, perceived by the classical and quantum fluctuations propagating on the soliton. By defining proper scalar invariants of the associated Riemannian geometry, and introducing the conformal anomaly, we are able to determine the Hawking temperatures and entropies of the fundamental solitons of the nonlinear Schrödinger, KdV and sine-Gordon equations. The mechanism advanced here is simple, completely universal and can be applied to all integrable equations in two dimensions, and is easily applicable to a large class of black holes of any dimensionality, opening up totally new windows on the quantum mechanics of solitons and their deep connections with black hole physics.