bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The expression of inflammatory markers and their potential influence on efflux transporters in drug‐resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy tissue
Authors: Weidner Lora D. , Kannan Pavitra , Mitsios Nicholas , Kang Sun J. , Hall Matthew D. , Theodore William H. , Innis Robert B. , Mulder Jan 
Published: July 2018

SummaryObjectiveThe role of neuroinflammation in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE), and how it relates to drug resistance, remains unclear. Expression levels of the inflammatory enzymes cyclooxygenase (COX)‐1 and COX‐2 have been found to be increased in animal models of epilepsy. Knowing the cellular expression of COX‐1 and COX‐2 is the key to understanding their functional role; however, only 3 studies have investigated COX‐2 expression in epilepsy in humans, and there are no reports on COX‐1. In addition, previous studies have shown that certain inflammatory proteins up‐regulate ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter expression (thought to be responsible for drug resistance), but this relationship remains unclear in human tissue. This study sought to measure the expression of COX‐1, COX‐2, and translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO, an inflammation biomarker acting as a positive control), as well as ABC transporters P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), in brain tissue samples from people with drug‐resistant MTLE.MethodsFormalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded surgical brain tissue was obtained from 33 patients with drug‐resistant MTLE. Multiplex immunofluorescence was used to quantify the expression and distribution of COX‐1, COX‐2, TSPO, P‐gp, and BCRP.ResultsCOX‐1 was expressed in microglia, and COX‐2 and TSPO were expressed in microglia and neurons. BCRP density correlated significantly with TSPO density, suggesting a potential relationship between inflammatory markers and efflux transporters.SignificanceTo the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to measure the cellular expression of COX‐1, COX‐2, and TSPO in microglia, astrocytes, and neurons in surgical brain tissue samples from patients with drug‐resistant MTLE. Further research is needed to determine the effects of the COX inflammatory pathway in epilepsy, and how it relates to the expression of the ABC transporters P‐gp and BCRP.
Coralline algal skeletal mineralogy affects grazer impacts
Authors: McCoy Sophie J. , Kamenos Nicholas A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn macroalgal‐dominated systems, herbivory is a major driver in controlling ecosystem structure. However, the role of altered plant–herbivore interactions and effects of changes to trophic control under global change are poorly understood. This is because both macroalgae and grazers themselves may be affected by global change, making changes in plant–herbivore interactions hard to predict. Coralline algae lay down a calcium carbonate skeleton, which serves as protection from grazing and is preserved in archival samples. Here, we compare grazing damage and intensity to coralline algae in situ over 4 decades characterized by changing seawater acidity. While grazing intensity, herbivore abundance and identity remained constant over time, grazing wound width increased together with Mg content of the skeleton and variability in its mineral organization. In one species, decreases in skeletal organization were found concurrent with deeper skeletal damage by grazers over time since the 1980s. Thus, in a future characterized by acidification, we suggest coralline algae may be more prone to grazing damage, mediated by effects of variability between individuals and species.
Assessing the sensitivity of bivalve populations to global warming using an individual‐based modelling approach
Authors: Thomas Yoann , Bacher Cédric 
Published: July 2018

AbstractClimate change exposes benthic species populations in coastal ecosystems to a combination of different stressors (e.g., warming, acidification and eutrophication), threatening the sustainability of the ecological functions they provide. Thermal stress appears to be one of the strongest drivers impacting marine ecosystems, acting across a wide range of scales, from individual metabolic performances to geographic distribution of populations. Accounting for and integrating the response of species functional traits to thermal stress is therefore a necessary step in predicting how populations will respond to the warming expected in coming decades. Here, we developed an individual‐based population model using a mechanistic formulation of metabolic processes within the framework of the dynamic energy budget theory. Through a large number of simulations, we assessed the sensitivity of population growth potential to thermal stress and food conditions based on a climate projection scenario (Representative Concentration Pathway; RCP8.5: no reduction of greenhouse gas emissions). We focused on three bivalve species with contrasting thermal tolerance ranges and distinct distribution ranges along 5,000 km of coastline in the NE Atlantic: the Pacific oyster (Magallana gigas), and two mussel species: Mytilus edulis and Mytilus galloprovincialis. Our results suggest substantial and contrasting changes within species depending on local temperature and food concentration. Reproductive phenology appeared to be a core process driving the responses of the populations, and these patterns were closely related to species thermal tolerances. The nonlinear relationship we found between individual life‐history traits and response at the population level emphasizes the need to consider the interactions resulting from upscaling across different levels of biological organisation. These results underline the importance of a process‐based understanding of benthic population response to seawater warming, which will be necessary for forward planning of resource management and strategies for conservation and adaptation to environmental changes.
Groundwater drawdown drives ecophysiological adjustments of woody vegetation in a semi‐arid coastal ecosystem
Authors: Antunes Cristina , Chozas Sergio , West Jason , Zunzunegui Maria , Diaz Barradas Maria Cruz , Vieira Simone , Máguas Cristina 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPredicted droughts and anthropogenic water use will increase groundwater lowering rates and intensify groundwater limitation, particularly for Mediterranean semi‐arid ecosystems. These hydrological changes may be expected to elicit differential functional responses of vegetation either belowground or aboveground. Yet, our ability to predict the impacts of groundwater changes on these ecosystems is still poor. Thus, we sought to better understand the impact of falling water table on the physiology of woody vegetation. We specifically ask (a) how is woody vegetation ecophysiological performance affected by water table depth during the dry season? and (b) does the vegetation response to increasing depth to groundwater differ among water‐use functional types? We examined a suite of physiological parameters and water‐uptake depths of the dominant, functionally distinct woody vegetation along a water‐table depth gradient in a Mediterranean semi‐arid coastal ecosystem that is currently experiencing anthropogenic groundwater extraction pressure. We found that groundwater drawdown did negatively affect the ecophysiological performance of the woody vegetation. Across all studied environmental factors, depth to groundwater was the most important driver of ecophysiological adjustments. Plant functional types, independent of groundwater dependence, showed consistent declines in water content and generally reduced C and N acquisition with increasing depths to groundwater. Functional types showed distinct operating physiological ranges, but common physiological sensitivity to greater water table depth. Thus, although differences in water‐source use exist, a physiological convergence appeared to happen among different functional types. These results strongly suggest that hydrological drought has an important impact on fundamental physiological processes, constraining the performance of woody vegetation under semi‐arid conditions. By disentangling the functional responses and vulnerability of woody vegetation to groundwater limitation, our study establishes the basis for predicting the physiological responses of woody vegetation in semi‐arid coastal ecosystems to groundwater drawdown.
Comparison of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy between 5‐fluorouracil‐based continuous infusion chemotherapy and low‐dose cisplatin monotherapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kawaoka Tomokazu , Aikata Hiroshi , Kobayashi Tomoki , Uchikawa Shinsuke , Ohya Kazuki , Kodama Kenichiro , Nishida Yuno , Daijo Kana , Osawa Mitsutaka , Teraoka Yuji , Inagaki Yuki , Honda Fumi , Hatooka Masahiro , Morio Kei , Morio Reona , Fujino Hatsue , Nakahara Takashi , Murakami Eisuke , Tsuge Masataka , Hiramatsu Akira , Imamura Michio , Kawakami Yoshiiku , Baba Yasutaka , Awai Kazuo , Chayama Kazuaki 
Published: July 2018

AimThe aim of this study is to compare the efficacy and safety of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) between 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU)‐based continuous infusion chemotherapy and low‐dose cisplatin (CDDP) monotherapy in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsPatients were grouped according to HAIC regimen (5‐FU group, n = 317/CDDP group, n = 66). A two‐to‐one match was created using propensity score analysis (5‐FU group, n = 102/CDDP group, n = 51). After matching, response rate (RR) and adverse events as primary end‐points, and survival and progression‐free survival as secondary end‐points, were analyzed.ResultsIn the analysis of primary end‐points, the RR in the 5‐FU group was significantly higher than in the CDDP group (32.4% vs. 15.7%, P = 0.033). In patients with a Child–Pugh (CP) score of 5–7, the RR in the 5‐FU group was significantly higher than that in the CDDP group (36.1% vs. 15.4%, P = 0.020). In those with a CP score of 8–9, there was no significant difference in RR between the two groups (15.8% vs. 16.6%, P = 1.000). The reservoir system‐related complications were 9.8% in the 5‐FU group, and there was no significant difference in the incidence of grade 3/4 adverse events between the two matched groups (P > 0.05).In terms of secondary end‐points, the median survival time was 9.1 and 8.7 months for the 5‐FU and CDDP groups, respectively (P = 0.4917). Progression‐free survival was 3.9 months for the 5‐FU group and 4.9 months for the CDDP group (P = 0.4).Conclusions5‐Fluorouracil‐based continuous infusion chemotherapy could be suitable for advanced HCC patients with a CP score of 5–7 considering the treatment response.
Wisteria floribunda agglutinin‐positive Mac‐2 binding protein predicts early occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after sustained virologic response by direct‐acting antivirals for hepatitis C virus
Authors: Yasui Yutaka , Kurosaki Masayuki , Komiyama Yasuyuki , Takada Hitomi , Tamaki Nobuharu , Watakabe Keiya , Okada Mao , Wang Wan , Shimizu Takao , Kubota Yohei , Higuchi Mayu , Takaura Kenta , Tsuchiya Kaoru , Nakanishi Hiroyuki , Takahashi Yuka , Itakura Jun , Enomoto Nobuyuki , Izumi Namiki 
Published: July 2018

AimThe aim of this study is to clarify the value of serum Wisteria floribunda agglutinin‐positive Mac‐2 binding protein (WFA+‐M2BP) for predicting hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in chronic hepatitis C patients who achieved sustained virologic response (SVR) by therapy with interferon‐free, direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs).MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study that included 567 patients who underwent antiviral therapy with an interferon‐free DAA regimen and achieved SVR. Serum WFA+‐M2BP was measured after SVR. Factors predictive of HCC occurrence and recurrence were analyzed in the patients after stratification by previous treatment history of HCC.ResultsAmong 518 patients who had no history of HCC, 13 developed HCC. Post‐SVR WFA+‐M2BP ≥1.75 cut‐off index (C.O.I., P < 0.001) and α‐fetoprotein (AFP) level ≥6 ng/mL (P = 0.01) were significant predictors of HCC development. Multivariate analysis showed that post‐SVR WFA+‐M2BP ≥1.75 C.O.I. was an independent factor significantly associated with the development of HCC (hazard ratio [HR] 6.0; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.8–19.4; P = 0.003). Among 49 patients who had a previous history of HCC, 22 had recurrence after SVR. Post‐SVR AFP ≥6 ng/mL was the only factor associated with recurrence‐free survival (HR 3.1; 95% CI, 1.3–7.5; P = 0.01).ConclusionsPost‐SVR WFA+‐M2BP is a predictive factor for the development of HCC in patients with no previous HCC history and treated with DAAs. Post‐SVR AFP was predictive for HCC recurrence after DAA therapy.
Engaging “seldom heard” groups in research and intervention development: Offender mental health
Authors: Taylor Charlie , Gill Laura , Gibson Andy , Byng Richard , Quinn Cath 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundPeople subject to the criminal justice system often have substantially different life‐experiences from the general population. Patient and public involvement (PPI) of “seldom heard” groups provides valuable experiential knowledge, enhancing research.ObjectiveTo share our jointly developed techniques to ensure the meaningful engagement and contribution of people with lived experience of the criminal justice system (PWLECJS) in research, trial science, intervention theory development and dissemination.MethodsCommitment to adequate financial resources, appropriate staff skills and adequate time were combined with previous learning. PWLECJS were approached through local community organizations. A group was established and met fortnightly for ten months in an unthreatening environment and had a rolling membership. Ongoing engagement was promoted by the group taking responsibility for the rules, interactive and accessible activities, feeding back tangible impacts, ongoing contact, building a work ethic, joint celebrations, sessions with individual academic researchers and pro‐actively managed endings.ResultsThe Peer Researchers contributed to study documents, training academic researchers, research data collection and analysis, intervention delivery and theory development and trial science. The Peer Researchers gained in confidence and an improved sense of self‐worth. The Academic Researchers gained skills, knowledge and an increased openness to being challenged.Discussion and conclusionsPWLECJS can be meaningful included in health research and intervention development. The key elements required are listed. Challenges included differences in priorities for timescales and dissemination, resource limitations and the use of Peer Researchers’ names. Further research is required to understand what might be of relevance for other “seldom heard” groups.
Dentine decalcification and smear layer removal by different ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and 1‐hydroxyethane‐1,1‐diphosphonic acid species
Authors: Deari S. , Mohn D. , Zehnder M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimTo compare solutions of di‐ and tetrasodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and 1‐hydroxyethane‐1,1‐diphosphonic acid (HEDP) regarding their ability to solubilize calcium from dentine and remove smear layer.MethodologySolutions with a molarity corresponding to that of 17% Na2EDTA (pH adjusted to 8.5) were prepared by dissolving Na2 and Na4 salts of HEDP (etidronate), or Na4EDTA in deionized water. Standardized root dentine discs covered by a smear layer were prepared from human third molars. These discs (n = 10 per group) were immersed in test solutions or phosphate‐buffered saline for 1 min. The dissolved Ca2+ was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy, apparently opened dentinal tubules by laser scanning microscopy and automated image analysis. Ca2+ values were compared between groups by parametric, tubular areas by nonparametric methods, α = 0.05.ResultsSolutions prepared from the tetrasodium salts were alkaline (pH 11.3–11.4), whilst counterparts made from the disodium salts were acidic. The EDTA solutions dissolved more calcium than the HEDP counterparts (P < 0.05); solutions prepared with the disodium salts dissolved more calcium than those made from the tetrasodium salts (P < 0.05). There was a high correlation between dissolved calcium and the apparently opened tubular areas (Spearman's ρ = 0.81). Differences between groups regarding opened tubules were similar to those observed regarding the Ca2+ values, with a slightly reduced discerning power due to high variance.ConclusionCalcium chelation and thus smear layer removal by EDTA and HEDP are influenced by pH.
Impact of technology development costs on licensing form in a differentiated Cournot duopoly
Authors: Kitagawa Tatsuya , Masuda Yasushi , Umezawa Masashi 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe investigate how the type of innovation, either of product or process, influences the licensing scheme. For product innovation, we consider a licensing scheme for a patent holder of a new product facing a potential rival who may invest in technology innovation and enter the market for the new product. The alternative forms of licensing schemes considered are fixed fees and royalties. We then compare this licensing scheme for product innovation with that for process innovation studied in the literature.
Ultralow temperature cofired BiZn2VO6 dielectric ceramics doped with B2O3 and Li2CO3 for ULTCC applications
Authors: Xiang Huaicheng , Bai Yang , Varghese Jobin , Li Chunchun , Fang Liang , Jantunen Heli 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this paper, BiZn2VO6 doped with sintering aids of B2O3 and Li2CO3 is investigated in order to broaden the options for ultralow temperature cofired ceramics (ULTCC). The sintering behavior, microstructure, and microwave dielectric properties are studied. In combination with 1 wt% B2O3 and 5 wt% Li2CO3 dopants, the sintering temperature of the BiZn2VO6 ceramics was reduced from 780°C to 600°C. The co‐doped BiZn2VO6 ceramics exhibited a low relative permittivity (εr) of 8.9 and a quality factor (Q × f) of 13 000 GHz at a microwave‐range frequency of 9 GHz. The temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τf) was measured to be −97 ppm/°C. The average linear coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) was 7.2 ppm/°C. With the low sintering temperature, the co‐doped BiZn2VO6 ceramics are compatible to be cofired with cost‐effective aluminum electrodes. This was proven in a reaction test between the BiZn2VO6‐B2O3‐Li2CO3 and aluminum powders, in which no chemical interaction could be detected. These promising properties make the B2O3‐Li2CO3 co‐doped BiZn2VO6 an ideal candidate for ULTCC applications.
Pressure dependence of interfacial resistance in pellets made from GeS2‐Ga2S3‐Li2S‐LiI glass powder
Authors: Fan Bo , Xue Bai , Luo Zhongkuan , Zhang Xianghua , Ma Hongli , Calvez Laurent 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe interfacial resistance and capacitance in pellets made from GeS2‐Ga2S3‐Li2S‐LiI glass powder are studied under uniaxial compression. By varying the pressure, remarkable change in the geometric dimension of the interfacial resistance and capacitance is observed. Assuming that the interfacial resistance and capacitance arise from the contact region between the powder particles, a quantitative model is established that well describes the geometric dimension change in the interfacial resistance and capacitance. This work emphasizes that ameliorating the contact between the particles is one of the most important methods to reduce the interfacial resistance in the powder‐type ionic‐conduction devices made from highly‐conductive sulfide solid electrolyte powders.
Technological evolution of ceramic glazes in the renaissance: In situ analysis of tiles in the Alcazar (Seville, Spain)
Authors: de Viguerie Laurence , Robador Maria D. , Castaing Jacques , Perez‐Rodriguez Jose L. , Walter Philippe , Bouquillon Anne 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe Alcazar Palace (Seville, Spain) is famous for its ceramic decorations; 16th century wall tiles of different typologies have been analyzed in order to relate the manufacturing process of their colored glazes to the evolving technologies of the Renaissance. Chemical and mineralogical compositions have been determined in situ by nondestructive X‐ray fluorescence and X‐ray diffraction onaristaceramics in theCenador de Carlos Quinto, andmajolicaceramics in thePalacio Goticoand the Royal oratory. Thearistastyle belongs to the local Hispano‐Moresque ceramic tradition.Majolicatiles have the complex microstructures of glazes from Italy. The two types are clearly differentiated by their typology, morphology (curved vs flat surface), and also microstructure (single vs multi‐layers), glaze chemistry, and use of different coloring agents. Moreover, we found different glaze chemistries in the investigatedmajolicas,which correspond to different artists and/or practices.
High fracture toughness of HfC through nano‐scale templating and novel sintering aids
Authors: Hao Wei , Ni Na , Guo Fangwei , Cao Fangcheng , Jiang Juan , Zhao Xiaofeng , Xiao Ping 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAn approach to improve the sintering ability and the fracture toughness of hafnium carbide (HfC) ceramic by designing a unique composite structure is reported. The uniform and ultra‐fine HfC nanoparticles (~300 nm) are synthesized at 1450°C by vacuum carbonization reaction with the glucose‐derived hydrothermal precursor as a carbon source and template. HfC ceramic sintered with a SiCN sintering aid of 15 vol. % possesses a beneficial three‐dimensional network microstructure composed of inter‐penetrating phases of carbon, SiC and HfC with varied stoichiometry at multi‐length scales. The obtained HfC exhibits a higher fracture toughness of 5.5 MPa m1/2, which can be attributed to the unique composite structure able to promote stress releases in the crack tip and enhance the resistance to crack propagation.
Collagen peptide modified carboxymethyl cellulose as both antioxidant drug and carrier for drug delivery against retinal ischaemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Mu Hua , Wang Yeqing , Wei Haiying , Lu Hong , Feng Zhuolei , Yu Hongmin , Xing Yue , Wang Haijing 
Published: July 2018

AbstractOxidative stress can cause injury in retinal endothelial cells. Carboxymethyl cellulose modified with collagen peptide (CMCC) is of a distinct antioxidant capacity and potentially a good drug carrier. In this study, the protective effects of CMCC against H2O2‐induced injury of primary retinal endothelial cells were investigated. In vitro, we demonstrated that CMCC significantly promoted viability of H2O2‐treated cells, efficiently restrained cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cell apoptosis. Then, the CMCC was employed as both drug and anti‐inflammatory drug carrier for treatment of retinal ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) in rats. Animals were treated with CMCC or interleukin‐10‐loaded CMCC (IL‐10@CMCC), respectively. In comparisons, the IL‐10@CMCC treatment exhibited superior therapeutic effects, including better restoration of retinal structural thickness and less retinal apoptosis. Also, chemiluminescence demonstrated that transplantation of IL‐10@CMCC markedly reduced the retinal oxidative stress level compared with CMCC alone and potently recovered the activities of typical antioxidant enzymes, SOD and CAT. Therefore, it could be concluded that CMCC provides a promising platform to enhance the drug‐based therapy for I/R‐related retinal injury.