bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on the compacting device of combination for ridge-till and no-till planters
Authors: Luo Hongqi , Liu Xia , Qin Jiatong , Zhao Guangwei 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Ridge tillage and conservation tillage combination is an important technology. The compacting device is one of the key components of no till planter. According to different agronomic requirements, a general type of combined type of pressing device was designed. In the device, the compacted wheel set should be designed, the ridge is compacted along the loose soil, and the ridging effect is enhanced. Meanwhile, the ring structure is designed on the compacting wheel to suppress the seeding belt. Through the force analysis and Simulation of the suppression device, the structural parameters are determined, and the adjustable mechanism is designed to realize the adjustability of the pressure of the town. By designing movable pressing ring, the number and size of the ring can be adjusted to meet the needs of different agronomic conditions. The modelling of combined press device is conducive to the promotion of no tillage seeding technique, which is a better combination of advantages of ridge tillage and conservation tillage.
Impact wear behavior of WC/a-C nanomultilayers
Authors: He Dongqing , Li Wensheng , Wang Liping , Lu Zhibin , Zhang Guangan , Cai Zhenbing 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A novel design of WC/a-C multilayers with ultrathin modulation period ranging from 1.3 to 11.5 nm was fabricated by unbalanced magnetron sputtering process, and the influence of modulation period on the impact wear behavior of the films was investigated from impact dynamic response and typical wear analysis. Results show that the peak impact force, impact energy absorption rate and impact wear volume loss of the films decrease firstly and then increase with increasing the modulation period, and both reach the minimum value at Λ = 9.1 nm. High hardness, toughness and plastic deformation resistance originated from the ‘superlattice-like structure’ of the films at appropriate modulation period are proved to be responsible for the low peak impact force, low impact energy absorption rate and then the improved impact wear resistance. While, the films with low hardness and H3/E2 have severe plastic deformation and impact-induced graphitization during impact process which in turn further reduce the hardness and H3/E2 of the film itself, thus eventually resulting in severe impact wear.
Influence of a dynamic rearing environment on development of metabolic phenotypes in age-0 Lake Sturgeon, Acipenser fulvescens
Authors: Yoon Gwangseok R , Deslauriers David , Anderson W Gary 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Environment–phenotype interactions are the most pronounced during early life stages and can strongly influence metabolism and ultimately ecological fitness. In the present study, we examined the effect of temperature [ambient river temperature (ART) vs ART+2°C], dissolved oxygen (DO; 100% vs 80%) and substrate (presence vs absence) on standard metabolic rate, forced maximum metabolic rate and metabolic scope with Fulton’s condition factor (K), energy density (ED) and critical thermal maximum (CTmax) in age-0 Lake Sturgeon, Acipenser fulvescens, before and after a simulated overwintering event. We found that all the environmental variables strongly influenced survival, K, ED and CTmax. Fish reared in elevated temperature showed higher mortality and reduced K pre-winter at 127 days post-hatch (dph). Interestingly, we did not find any significant difference in terms of metabolic rate between treatments at both sampling points of pre- and post-winter. Long-term exposure to 80% DO reduced ED in Lake Sturgeon post-winter at 272 dph. Our data suggest that substrate should be removed at the onset of exogenous feeding to enhance the survival rate of age-0 Lake Sturgeon in the first year of life. Effects of early rearing environment during larval development on survival over winter are discussed with respect to successful recruitment of stock enhanced Lake Sturgeon, a species that is at risk throughout its natural range.
Traffic noise exposure depresses plasma corticosterone and delays offspring growth in breeding zebra finches
Authors: Zollinger Sue Anne , Dorado-Correa Adriana , Goymann Wolfgang , Forstmeier Wolfgang , Knief Ulrich , Bastidas­Urrutia Ana María , Brumm Henrik 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe impact of human activity on the acoustic environment is overwhelming, with anthropogenic noise reaching even remote areas of the planet. The World Health Organization has identified noise pollution as one of the leading environmental health risks in humans, and it has been linked to a myriad of short- and long-term health effects in exposed individuals. However, less is known about the health effects of anthropogenic noise exposure on animals. We investigated long- and short-term effects of traffic noise on zebra finches breeding in small communal aviaries, using a repeated measures design. Birds bred in both noise and no-noise conditions, and we measured baseline plasma glucocorticoid levels before, during and after breeding. In addition, we assayed immune function, measured reproductive success and offspring growth and compared rates of extra-pair paternity of breeding adults. Breeding birds had significantly lower baseline plasma corticosterone levels when exposed to traffic noise than when they were not exposed to noise playback. In addition, the nestlings reared during noise exposure were lighter than nestlings of the same parents when breeding in control conditions. Our results suggest that traffic noise poses a more severe hurdle to birds at more vulnerable stages of their life history, such as during reproductive events and ontogeny. While chronic exposure to traffic noise in our birds did not, by itself, prove to be a sufficient stressor to cause acute effects on health or reproductive success in exposed individuals, it did result in disruptions to normal glucocorticoid profiles and delayed offspring growth. However, animals living in urban habitats are exposed to a multitude of anthropogenic disturbances, and it is likely that even species that appear to be thriving in noisy environments may suffer cumulative effects of these multiple disturbances that may together impact their fitness in urban environments.
Usefulness of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography angiography in a patient with blood culture-negative prosthetic valve endocarditis complicated with perivalvular abscess: a case report
Authors: Miura Shiro , Naya Masanao , Yamashita Takehiro , Ohkawa Youhei 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) is a life-threatening systemic infection involving a high mortality rate and severe complications, including perivalvular abscess. Early diagnosis and detection of PVE continue to be challenging in clinical settings.

Case summary
A 64-year-old man with a history of mechanical aortic valve implantation 12 years prior was referred to our hospital with a major complaint of high fever and was admitted. Although results of three blood culture tests at admission were negative, transthoracic echocardiography, and transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) were performed to exclude the possibility of PVE; both, however, were inconclusive. Subsequently, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) was performed; revealing intense hyper-metabolism above the aortic valve prosthesis with a greater intensity at the posterior end, confirming a diagnosis of aortic PVE complicated with perivalvular abscess.

Discussion
Considering the intermediate suspicion of PVE despite negative TOE and negative blood culture tests, 18F-FDG PET/CT can play a central role in diagnosing PVE. However, this new imaging modality often fails to differentiate thrombi, soft atherosclerotic plaques, or foreign body reactions on the surface of prosthetic valves. In this report, we have successfully enhanced the diagnostic accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT by focusing on perivalvular involvement, which could be a key finding, because intense 18F-FDG uptake surrounding the aortic annulus was consistent with the thickened area within the aortic annular region observed in the TOE examinations.
Focal mechanisms of the 2017 North Korean nuclear test and its early collapse event
Authors: Xu Henglei , Ni Sidao , Liu Wenxue , Zhu Haofeng , Wang Xuliang 
Published: October 2019

SUMMARYNorth Korea conducted sixth underground nuclear test on 3 September 2017. Unlike its previous tests, a rare subsequent collapse event occurred after about 8.5 min. As two types of distinctive shallow seismic events, accurate inversion of their focal mechanisms is important for event identification for CTBT. In this paper, we carry out moment tensor inversion of the nuclear test and the collapse event with gCAP using waveform data from dense regional seismic stations. And their focal mechanisms are further constrained with surface wave amplitude ratio. The results show that the surface wave amplitude ratio has further constraints for screening the waveform inversion results. The resolution of the focal mechanism inversion for the nuclear test is high, which is close to a Crack source. However, the resolution for the collapse event inversion is not so high and the source type is difficult to be accurately determined. One reason of the poor resolution for the collapse event may be due to the limited availability of high quality data, and complexity of the source process might be another factor.
Engaging users in the design of an mHealth, text message-based intervention to increase physical activity at a safety-net health care system
Authors: Avila-Garcia Patricia , Hernandez-Ramos Rosa , Nouri Sarah S , Cemballi Anupama , Sarkar Urmimala , Lyles Courtney R , Aguilera Adrian 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesText-messaging interventions are a promising approach to increasing physical activity in vulnerable populations. To better inform the development of a text-messaging intervention, we sought to identify barriers and facilitators to using text messaging and engaging in physical activity among patients with diabetes and comorbid depression.Materials and MethodsWe conducted interviews with primary care patients at a safety-net health care system (N = 26). Data were collected at 3 stages, including a focus group (stage 1), and individual interviews (stage 2 and 3). Patients in stage 1 and 2 previously participated in a text-messaging intervention as part of depression treatment. Discussions focused on participant experience of previously using a text-messaging intervention, influences and perceptions of physical activity, and mobile phone use. We analyzed all transcripts for emerging themes.ResultsParticipants were 56.2 years (±9.7); 69.2% were female, 65.4% identified as Hispanic/Latino(a), and 46.2% reported having less than a high school education. All had depression and 61.5% had diabetes. Specific barriers that emerged included low literacy and only basic use of mobile phones in everyday life, in combination with a high prevalence of comorbid health conditions and limited mobility. These were each addressed with a specific content or intervention delivery change in the overall intervention design.ConclusionsConducting a focus group and individual interviews with end users of an mHealth intervention under development has implications for tailoring and modifying components of the content and format to ensure that the final intervention will engage end users most effectively.
Improvement of Endoscopic Reports with Implementation of a Dictation Template
Authors: Harris Natasha , Telford Jennifer , Yonge Jordan , Galorport Cherry , Amar Jack , Bressler Brian , Brown Carl , Lam Eric , Nap-Hill Estello , Phang Terry , Ramji Alnoor , Suzuki Matthew , Whittaker J Scott , Enns Robert 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Aims
Completeness of procedure reports is an important quality indicator in endoscopy. A dictation template was developed to ensure key elements were included in colonoscopy and esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) reports. Endoscopy reports were reviewed prior to and following implementation of the dictation templates to determine whether report completeness improved.

Methods
Key elements in an endoscopic report were identified from published guidelines and posted at dictation stations. Colonoscopy and EGD reports were reviewed for the nine physicians performing endoscopy at St. Paul’s Hospital prior to and following implementation of dictation templates. Dictation completeness was defined as inclusion of all key elements. Dictation completeness and inclusion of individual key elements at the two time points were compared using the t-test and Chi-square test.

Results
Reports for 4648 procedures undertaken by nine endoscopists were reviewed for completeness at each time point (2008 and 2014). Colonoscopy report completeness increased from 65.8% to 83.2% (P &lt; 0.001). Items that improved included documentation of consent, endoscope used, complications, withdrawal time and rectal retroflexion. EGD report completeness increased from 72.7% to 77.3% (P &lt; 0.001) with improvement in documentation of consent and complications. Items consistently underreported for colonoscopy and EGD at both time points included: patient age, comorbidities, current medications and patient comfort.

Conclusion
There was an association between the use of a posted dictation template at dictation stations and the improved completeness of endoscopic reports.
Missing Unmarried Women
Authors: Anderson Siwan , Ray Debraj 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
That unmarried individuals die at a faster rate than married individuals at all ages is well documented. Unmarried women in developing countries face particularly severe vulnerabilities, so that excess mortality faced by the unmarried is more extreme for women in these regions compared to developed countries. We provide systematic estimates of the excess female mortality faced by older unmarried women in developing regions. We place these estimates in the context of the missing women phenomenon. There are approximately 1.5 million missing women between the ages of 30 and 60 years old each year. We find that 35% of these missing women of adult age can be attributed to not being married. These estimates vary by region. India has the largest proportion of missing adult women who are without a husband, followed by the countries in East Africa. By contrast, China has almost no missing unmarried women. We show that 70% of missing unmarried women are of reproductive age and that it is the relatively high mortality rates of these young unmarried women (compared to their married counterparts) that drive this phenomenon.
Simple Forecasting Heuristics that Make us Smart: Evidence from Different Market Experiments
Authors: Anufriev Mikhail , Hommes Cars , Makarewicz Tomasz 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this paper we address the question of how individuals form expectations and invent, reinforce, and update their forecasting rules in a complex world. We do so by fitting a novel, parsimonious, and empirically validated genetic algorithm learning model with explicit heterogeneity in expectations to a set of laboratory experiments. Agents use simple linear first order price forecasting rules, adapting them to the complex evolving market environment with a Genetic Algorithm optimization procedure. The novelties are: (1) a parsimonious experimental foundation of individual forecasting behavior; (2) explanation of individual and aggregate behavior in three different experimental settings, (3) improved one- and 50-period ahead forecasting of experiments, and (4) characterization of the mean, median, and empirical distribution of forecasting heuristics. The median of the distribution of GA forecasting heuristics can be used in designing or validating simple Heuristic Switching Models.
Measuring the impact of insurance on urban earthquake recovery using nightlights
Authors: Nguyen Cuong Nhu , Noy Ilan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe measure the longer-term effect of a major earthquake on the local economy, using night-time light intensity, and focus on the role of insurance payments for damaged residential property in the recovery process. The destructive Canterbury Earthquake Sequence (2010–2011) in New Zealand is our case study. Uniquely, for this event, &gt;95% of residential housing units were covered by insurance and almost all incurred some damage. However, insurance payments were staggered over 5 years, enabling us to identify their local impact on recovery. We find that night-time luminosity can capture the process of recovery; and that insurance payments contributed significantly to the process of local economic recovery after the earthquake. Cash settlement of claims was no more effective than insurance-managed repairs in generating local recovery. Notably, delayed payments were less affective in assisting recovery; this suggests an important role for the regulator in making sure insurance payments are made promptly after disaster events.
Laboratory Rearing of Culicoides stellifer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), a Suspected Vector of Orbiviruses in the United States
Authors: Erram Dinesh , Burkett-Cadena Nathan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLaboratory rearing procedures of Culicoides stellifer Coquillett (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) were evaluated with an aim towards colonization of this species. Eggs collected from field-collected gravid females were placed on 0.25% agar slants and given a diet of 1) nematodes (Panagrellus redivivus Linnaeus), 2) nematodes + lactalbumin and yeast (LY), 3) microbes from nematode medium, and 4) tap water (autoclaved). Complete larval development to adult stage occurred only in two treatments: 1) nematodes and 2) nematodes + LY. Culicoides stellifer larvae could not survive beyond 1 wk on a diet of microbes alone or in the sterile water treatment. Larval survival rates were high using nematode diet (79.2 ± 11.3% [mean ± SE]) but were slightly lower in the nematode + LY group (66.5 ± 19.6%). Larval stage lasted ~21 d in both treatments. Sex ratio of F1 adults was ~1:1 (M:F) using nematode diet but was male biased (~2:1) with nematode + LY diet. These findings collectively suggest that a microbial community is required for midge larvae, either to support invertebrate prey base or as a potential food source. But in the present study, the supplied microbes alone were not sufficient to support midge survival/development. It appears that other nutritional components may also be essential to support the larval survival/development of C. stellifer. Overall, a simple diet of bacterial feeding nematodes and their associated microorganisms can be used to rear C. stellifer larvae under laboratory conditions. However, captive mating in F1 adults poses a major obstacle for successful colonization of this species currently.
Efficacy of Long-lasting Insecticidal Nets With Declining Physical and Chemical Integrity on Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Herrera-Bojórquez Josué , Trujillo-Peña Emilio , Vadillo-Sánchez José , Riestra-Morales Martin , Che-Mendoza Azael , Delfín-González Hugo , Pavía-Ruz Norma , Arredondo-Jimenez Juan , Santamaría Erika , Flores-Suárez Adriana E , Vazquez-Prokopec Gonzalo , Manrique-Saide Pablo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFitting long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN) as screens on doors/windows has a significant impact on indoor-adult Aedes aegypti (L.), with entomological reductions measured in a previous study being significant for up to 2 yr post-installation, even in the presence of pyrethroid-resistant Aedes populations. To better understand the mode of LLIN protection, bioassays were performed to evaluate the effects of field deployment (0, 6, and 12 mo) and damage type (none, central, lateral, and multiple) on LLIN efficacy. Contact bioassays confirmed that LLIN residual activity (median knockdown time, in minutes, or MKDT) decreased significantly over time: 6.95 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.32–8.58) to 9.24 (95% CI: 8.69–9.79) MKDT at 0- and 12-mo age, respectively, using a pyrethroid-susceptible Aedes strain. Tunnel tests (exposing human forearm for 40 min as attractant) showed that deployment time affected negatively Aedes passage inhibition from 54.9% (95% CI: 43.5–66.2) at 0 mo to 35.7% (95% CI: 16.3–55.1) at 12 mo and blood-feeding inhibition from 65.2% (95% CI: 54.2–76.2) to 48.9% (95% CI: 26.4–71.3), respectively; both the passage/blood-feeding inhibition increased by a factor of 1.8–2.9 on LLINs with multiple and central damages compared with nets with lateral damage. Mosquito mortality was 74.6% (95% CI: 65.3–83.9) at 0 mo, 72.3% (95% CI: 64.1–80.5) at 6 mo, and 59% (95% CI: 46.7–71.3) at 12 mo. Despite the LLIN physical integrity could be compromised over time, we demonstrate that the remaining chemical effect after field conditions would still contribute to killing/repelling mosquitoes.
Cost-Effectiveness of Risk-Stratified Colorectal Cancer Screening Based on Polygenic Risk: Current Status and Future Potential
Authors: Naber Steffie K , Kundu Suman , Kuntz Karen M , Dotson W David , Williams Marc S , Zauber Ann G , Calonge Ned , Zallen Doris T , Ganiats Theodore G , Webber Elizabeth M , Goddard Katrina A B , Henrikson Nora B , van Ballegooijen Marjolein , Janssens A Cecile J W , Lansdorp-Vogelaar Iris 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundAlthough uniform colonoscopy screening reduces colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality, risk-based screening may be more efficient. We investigated whether CRC screening based on polygenic risk is a cost-effective alternative to current uniform screening, and if not, under what conditions it would be.MethodsThe MISCAN-Colon model was used to simulate a hypothetical cohort of US 40-year-olds. Uniform screening was modeled as colonoscopy screening at ages 50, 60, and 70 years. For risk-stratified screening, individuals underwent polygenic testing with current and potential future discriminatory performance (area under the receiver-operating curve [AUC] of 0.60 and 0.65–0.80, respectively). Polygenic testing results were used to create risk groups, for which colonoscopy screening was optimized by varying the start age (40–60 years), end age (70–85 years), and interval (1–20 years).ResultsWith current discriminatory performance, optimal screening ranged from once-only colonoscopy at age 60 years for the lowest-risk group to six colonoscopies at ages 40–80 years for the highest-risk group. While maintaining the same health benefits, risk-stratified screening increased costs by $59 per person. Risk-stratified screening could become cost-effective if the AUC value would increase beyond 0.65, the price per polygenic test would drop to less than $141, or risk-stratified screening would lead to a 5% increase in screening participation.ConclusionsCurrently, CRC screening based on polygenic risk is unlikely to be cost-effective compared with uniform screening. This is expected to change with a greater than 0.05 increase in AUC value, a greater than 30% reduction in polygenic testing costs, or a greater than 5% increase in adherence with screening.