bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long noncoding RNA LINC00961 inhibits cell proliferation and induces cell apoptosis in human non–small cell lung cancer
Authors: Huang Zhiwen , Lei Wei , Tan Jin , Hu Hai‐Bo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) have been identified in multiple human cancer types, including lung cancer. An increasing number of studies have indicated that lncRNAs can function as important gene regulators. However, the biological mechanism of LINC00961 in lung cancerremains poorly understood. In our current study, we recognized lncRNA LINC00961, and we observed that it was significantly reduced in human non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues. LINC00961 was elevated by infecting LV‐LINC00961, while decreased by LV‐shLINC00961 in H226 and A549 cells. Furthermore, it was shown that LINC00961 overexpression greatly inhibited lung cancer cell proliferation, whereas downregulated LINC00961 induced cell proliferation. In addition, further experiments showed that restoration of LINC00961 could dramatically increase apoptotic ratios of NSCLC H226 and A549 cells, and knockdown of LINC00961 exhibited an opposite effect. Moreover, Western blot analysis showed that upregulation of LINC00961 repressed proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression and increased Bax expression, indicating that it acts as an important pro‐apoptosis gene. Conversely, inhibition of LINC00961 induced proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression and restrained Bax protein levels. Taking these together, LINC00961 might play a tumor suppressive role in NSCLC progression, and it could serve as a novel prognostic biomarker in NSCLC diagnosis and treatment.
Nuclear factor of activated T cells 2 is required for osteoclast differentiation and function in vitro but not in vivo
Authors: Yu Jungeun , Zanotti Stefano , Schilling Lauren , Canalis Ernesto 
Published: July 2018

AbstractNuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) c2 is important for the immune response and it compensates for NFATc1 for its effects on osteoclastogenesis, but its role in this process is not established. To study the function of NFATc2 in the skeleton, Nfatc2loxP/loxP mice, where the Nfact2 exon 2 is flanked by loxP sequences, were created and mated with mice expressing the Cre recombinase under the control of the Lyz2 promoter. Bone marrow–derived macrophage (BMM) from Lyz2Cre/WT;Nfatc2Δ/Δ mice cultured in the presence of macrophage‐colony stimulating factor and receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand exhibited a decrease in the number and size of osteoclasts and a smaller sealing zone when compared to BMMs from Nfatc2loxP/loxP littermate controls. Bone resorption was decreased in osteoclasts from Lyz2Cre/WT;Nfatc2Δ/Δ mice. This demonstrates that NFATc2 is necessary for optimal osteoclast maturation and function in vitro. Male and female Lyz2Cre/WT;Nfatc2Δ/Δ mice did not exhibit an obvious skeletal phenotype by microcomputed tomography (μCT) at either 1 or 4 months of age when compared to Nfatc2loxP/loxP sex‐matched littermates. Bone histomorphometry confirmed the μCT results, and conditional 4‐month‐old Lyz2Cre/WT;Nfatc2Δ/Δ mice did not exhibit changes in parameters of bone histomorphometry. In conclusion, NFATc2 is necessary for optimal osteoclastogenesis in vitro, but its downregulation in the myeloid lineage has no consequences in skeletal remodeling in vivo.
Efficient synthesis of the key chiral alcohol intermediate of Crizotinib using dual‐enzyme@CaHPO4 hybrid nanoflowers assembled by mimetic biomineralization
Authors: Chen Xinxin , Xu Liqing , Wang Anming , Li Huimin , Wang Chenhui , Pei Xiaolin , Zhang Pengfei , Wu Stephen G 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDTo develop an environment‐friendly approach for the synthesis of (S)‐1‐(2,6‐dichloro‐3‐fluorophenyl) ethyl alcohol, an intermediate of anti‐cancer drug Crizotinib, aldehyde ketone reductase and alcohol dehydrogenase were overexpressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta (DE3) and purified via chromatography. Subsequently, they were co‐crystalized with CaHPO4 at 4°C to form dual‐enzyme@CaHPO4 hybrid nanoflowers (hNFs) which was then used to catalyze the synthesis of (S)‐1‐(2,6‐dichloro‐3‐fluorophenyl) ethyl alcohol along with the evaluation of its thermal stability and recycling stability.RESULTSAt optimum pH of 7.0, the activities of AKR and ADH confined in the dual‐enzyme@CaHPO4 hybrid nanoflowers were 3.3‐ and 2.1‐fold that of the corresponding free one. The thermos‐stability of confined enzymes was also significantly improved: both enzymes within the hNFs remained more than 80% of initial activities after incubation at 60°C for 8 h, while free enzymes only retained 20% of initial activities under the same treatment conditions. Moreover, AKR and ADH immobilized with a mole ratio of 3:1 confined in hybrid nanoflowers exhibited the highest catalytic activity for the synthesis of chiral ethyl alcohol with a yield up to 90.8% after 12 h. Besides, the final product (S)‐1‐(2,6‐dichloro‐3‐fluorophenyl) ethyl alcohol showed a high ee value of 99.99%. Further, the hybrid nanoflowers retained their initial activity after 16 recycling cycles of synthesis reaction.CONCLUSIONThe dual‐enzyme@CaHPO4 hybrid nanoflowers efficiently catalyzed synthesis of the chiral compound (S)‐1‐(2,6‐dichloro‐3‐fluorophenyl) ethyl alcohol. The method can also be applied to other multi‐enzyme systems and facilitate their cascade reactions and substrate channeling. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Children infected by human herpesvirus 6B with febrile seizures are more likely to develop febrile status epilepticus: A case‐control study in a referral hospital in Zambia
Authors: Tembo John , Chandwe Kanta , Kabwe Mwila , Chilufya Moses , Ciccone Ornella , Mpabalwani Evans , Ablashi Dharam , Zumla Alimuddin , Chen Tie , Bates Matthew 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundHuman herpesvirus 6B (HHV‐6B) is the causative agent of Roseola infantum, and has also been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of febrile seizures in young children, a percentage of whom go on to develop febrile status epilepticus (FSE), but the existing data is conflicting and inconclusive. HHV‐6A is a distinct species, rarely detected in most parts of the world, but prior studies suggest a higher prevalence in febrile African children. We describe a case‐control study comparing the frequency of HHV‐6A and/or HHV‐6B infections in children with febrile seizures (including FSE) and a control group of febrile children without seizures.MethodsWe recruited children aged 6 to 60 months admitted with a febrile illness with (cases) or without (controls) seizures presenting within 48 hours of commencement of fever. Three milliliters of whole blood was centrifuged and plasma stored at −80°C for pooled screening for HHV‐6B and HHV‐6A by Taqman real‐time polymerase chain reaction.Results102 cases and 95 controls were recruited. The prevalence of HHV‐6B DNA detection did not differ significantly between cases (5.8% (6/102)) and controls (10.5% (10/95)) but HHV‐6B infection was associated with FSE (OR, 15; 95% CI, [1.99–120]; P= 0.009). HHV‐6A was not detected.ConclusionPrevalence of HHV‐6B was similar among cases and controls. Within the FS group, HHV‐6B infection was associated with FSE, suggesting HHV‐6B infections could play a role in the pathogenesis of FSE.
Application strategies of serum HBV DNA detection in HBV infection patients: A retrospective study of 5611 specimens
Authors: Liu Can , Wu Wennan , Shang Shongyan , Huang Er , Xun Zhen , Lin Jinpiao , Chen Tianbin , Yang Bin , Chen Jing , Ou Qishui 
Published: July 2018

The detection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA plays a critical role in determining the level of viral replication in HBV‐infected patients. However, how to select appropriate HBV DNA detection method, low‐sensitivity (ls) and hypersensitivity (hs) remains unclear. In this study, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B e‐antigen (HBeAg), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and hs HBV DNA titers in serum of 5611 cases with suspected HBV infection were reviewed. Besides, the dynamic changes of HBV DNA and HBsAg in 85 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients receiving peginterferon α (PegIFNα) or entecavir (ETV) were observed. The results showed the positive rate of HBV DNA was 32.8%, of which low viral load (20 to 500 IU/mL) accounted for 51.8%. In the 5611 cases, when the HBsAg was less than 1000 IU/mL, the proportion of low viral load was 76.3%. Moreover, in patients receiving antiviral treatment, when HBsAg was less than 2000 IU/mL (PegIFNα) or HBsAg was less than 3500 IU/mL (ETV), the proportion of patients with low viral load was 79.5% or 78.0%, respectively. We developed a strategy of serum HBV DNA detection in HBV‐infected patients. When HBsAg was negative, HBV DNA detection should be unnecessary. When HBsAg was 0.05 to 1000 IU/mL, hs HBV DNA should be detected in patients with abnormal level of ALT, AST, or HBeAg. While HBsAg was greater than or equal to 1000 IU/mL, ls HBV DNA was recommended. Moreover, the cutoff value of HBsAg increased during antiviral therapy of CHB patients. In conclusion, hs HBV DNA is of great value in HBV‐infected patients with low viral load. HBV DNA detection methods should be selected reasonably according to the levels of HBsAg, HBeAg, ALT, and AST.
Creative Thinking Strategies for Life: A Course for Professional Adults Using Art
Authors: Hoffmann Jessica D. , Ivcevic Zorana , Maliakkal Nadine 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTo thrive in today's economy and the workforce of the future, individuals need creativity and problem‐solving skills. Emotion skills have been increasingly discussed as well, with companies listing emotional intelligence as one of the top skills needed for professional success. The present paper describes a course designed to teach professional adults two sets of creativity skills (problem finding and idea generation) and two sets of emotional intelligence skills (using emotions to facilitate thinking and understanding emotions) using visual art as a medium. The course consisted of eight, 60‐min sessions in which professional adults participated in art observation and art engagement activities. Fifty‐six professional adults completed measures of creative abilities and emotional intelligence skills in a pretest, posttest, and 2‐month follow‐up design. Participants who engaged in the course showed significant gains in the originality of their ideas on divergent thinking and problem construction tasks, as well as their self‐reported creative behavior compared with controls. No significant changes in emotion understanding were detected. We discuss the course's distinct value to creativity and emotion skills training research.
Chemical and physicochemical characterization of orange by‐products derived from industry
Authors: Pacheco M Teresa , Moreno F Javier , Villamiel Mar 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDIndustrial extraction of orange juice produces a large amount of waste that affects the environment and gives rise to important economic losses; at the same time, information about the composition of the waste is still limited. The present study carried out an exhaustive chemical and physicochemical characterization of the residues in the waste, aiming to increase their potential application for the extraction of functional ingredients.RESULTSFour different products (three solids and one liqueur) were provided by the industry. The overall characterization indicated that carbohydrates comprised the main components. During processing, carbohydrate derivatives were formed such as those corresponding to the initial steps of the Maillard reaction. In this sense, furosine was demonstrated to be a suitable indicator with respect to the control of the process. Although the phenolic content substantially decreased (by up to 57%) as the processing proceeded, the antioxidant capacity was affected to a much lesser extent (∼10%). Dehydrated products were rich in galacturonic acid and hardly any change was detected during their elaboration. The liqueur by‐product was found to have a much higher level of fructose than glucose and sucrose.CONCLUSIONOrange juice waste obtained industrially under the conditions described in the present study could be used as a source of pectic derivatives or fructose in the case of solid or liquid by‐products, respectively. The results reported here could diversify the present application of these products as a source of food ingredients, contributing to an improvement in their utilization. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of T1 relaxation on ventilation mapping using hyperpolarized 129Xe multiple breath wash‐out imaging
Authors: Morgado Felipe , Couch Marcus J. , Stirrat Elaine , Santyr Giles 
Published: July 2018

PurposeTo investigate the effect of incorporating T1 as a function of wash‐out breath number (T1(n)) on estimation of fractional ventilation (r) using hyperpolarized 129Xe multiple breath wash‐out (MBWO) imaging in rats.MethodsMBWO imaging was performed in 8 healthy mechanically ventilated rats at several inter‐image delay times (τ) and tidal volumes (TV). r maps were calculated from the imaging data using a model of T1(n) (assuming that the longitudinal relaxation rate of 129Xe in the lung is directly proportional to pAO2) and compared to r maps obtained by assuming a fixed T1 measured before wash‐out breaths (r′).ResultsFractional ventilation was overestimated by up to 19.3% when T1 was fixed. An inverse relationship between bias (Δr) and ventilation was observed at all τ and TV. Additionally, Δr significantly increased when TV was decreased (F statistic F(2,7) = 48.97, P < 10−4). Histograms from r′ maps were significantly more skewed toward lower values as compared to r histograms at all τ and TV (P < 0.05) except TV = Vdose – 1 mL.ConclusionAnalysis of hyperpolarized 129Xe MBWO imaging using a model incorporating T1(n) corrects for an overestimating bias in the mapping of fractional ventilation in mechanically ventilated rats introduced by assuming a fixed T1.
Feasibility of quantitative ultrashort echo time (UTE)‐based methods for MRI of peripheral nerve
Authors: Fan Shu‐Juan , Wong Jonathan , Cheng Xin , Ma Ya‐Jun , Chang Eric Y. , Du Jiang , Shah Sameer B. 
Published: July 2018

Peripheral nerves are a composite tissue consisting of neurovascular elements packaged within a well‐organized extracellular matrix. Their composition, size, and anatomy render nerves a challenging medical imaging target. In contrast to morphological MRI, which represents the predominant approach to nerve imaging, quantitative MRI sequences can provide information regarding tissue composition. Here, we applied standard clinical Carr‐Purcell‐Meiboom‐Gill (CPMG) and experimental three‐dimensional (3D) ultrashort echo time (UTE) Cones sequences for quantitative nerve imaging including T2 measurement with single‐component analysis, T2* measurement with single‐component and bi‐component analyses, and magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) analysis. We demonstrated the feasibility and the high quality of single‐component T2*, bi‐component T2*, and MTR approaches to analyze nerves imaged with clinically deployed 3D UTE Cones pulse sequences. For 24 single fascicles from eight nerves, we measured a mean single‐component T2* of 22.6 ±8.9 ms, and a short T2* component (STC) with a mean T2* of 1.7 ±1.0 ms and a mean fraction of (6.74 ±4.31)% in bi‐component analysis. For eight whole nerves, we measured a mean single‐component T2* of 16.7 ±2.2 ms, and an STC with a mean T2* of 3.0 ±1.0 ms and a mean fraction of (15.56 ±7.07)% in bi‐component analysis. For nine fascicles from three healthy nerves, we measured a mean MTR of (25.2 ±1.9)% for single fascicles and a mean MTR of (23.6 ±0.9)% for whole nerves. No statistically significant correlation was observed between any MRI parameter and routine histological outcomes, perhaps due to the small sample size and lack of apparent sample pathology. Overall, we have successfully demonstrated the feasibility of measuring quantitative MR outcomes ex vivo, which might reflect features of nerve structure and macromolecular content. These methods should be validated comprehensively on a larger and more diverse set of nerve samples, towards the interpretation of in vivo outcomes. These approaches have new and broad implications for the management of nerve disease, injury, and repair.
Intragastric balloon therapy leads to normalization of brain magnetic resonance spectroscopic markers of diabetes in morbidly obese patients
Authors: Gazdzinski Stefan P. , Gaździńska Agata P. , Orzeł Jarosław , Redlisz‐Redlicki Grzegorz , Pietruszka Maciej , Mojkowska Aleksandra , Pacho Ryszard A. , Wylezol Mariusz 
Published: July 2018

Elevated brain myo‐inositol (m‐Ins) concentration (a putative marker of neuroinflammation) has been reported in patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Obesity alone and T2DM have been found to be associated with a lower concentration of N‐acetyloaspartate and N‐acetylaspartylglutamate (tNAA, a marker of neuronal integrity, reflecting neuronal loss or metabolic derangement). It is not clear if these changes reverse with weight loss. The intra‐gastric balloon (IGB) is an endoscopic bariatric therapy that leads to massive weight loss and improvement of glycemic control. In this study we evaluated if tNAA/tCr and m‐Ins/tCr metabolite ratios are affected by weight loss, where tCr is the signal of creatine containing compounds. Twenty‐three morbidly obese patients, 12 of them with T2DM (OD) and 11 without T2DM (OB), as well as 11 healthy controls of normal weight (CON), underwent single voxel spectroscopy at 3 T. Spectra were obtained within a region in the left parietal white matter one month before IGB insertion, three months after IGB insertion, and one month after IGB removal. Before IGB insertion, m‐Ins/tCr was 15% higher in OD than in OB (p = 0.005) and 12% higher in OD than in CON (p = 0.03). m‐Ins/tCr decreased significantly by 8% over the first three months after IGB insertion (p = 0.01) and remained normal after IGB removal. tNAA/tCr was normal in all groups throughout the study, pointing to normal brain metabolism. Normalization of m‐Ins/tCr is consistent with remission of neuroinflammation in patients with T2DM. An evaluation of long‐term effects of IGB treatment is necessary.
Enhancing IoT security through network softwarization and virtual security appliances
Authors: Molina Zarca Alejandro , Bernal Bernabe Jorge , Farris Ivan , Khettab Yacine , Taleb Tarik , Skarmeta Antonio 
Published: July 2018

SummaryBillions of Internet of Things (IoT) devices are expected to populate our environments and provide novel pervasive services by interconnecting the physical and digital world. However, the increased connectivity of everyday objects can open manifold security vectors for cybercriminals to perform malicious attacks. These threats are even augmented by the resource constraints and heterogeneity of low‐cost IoT devices, which make current host‐based and static perimeter‐oriented defense mechanisms unsuitable for dynamic IoT environments. Accounting for all these considerations, we reckon that the novel softwarization capabilities of Telco network can fully leverage its privileged position to provide the desired levels of security. To this aim, the emerging software‐defined networking (SDN) and network function virtualization (NFV) paradigms can introduce new security enablers able to increase the level of IoT systems protection. In this paper, we design a novel policy‐based framework aiming to exploit SDN/NFV‐based security features, by efficiently coupling with existing IoT security approaches. A proof of concept test bed has been developed to assess the feasibility of the proposed architecture. The presented performance evaluation illustrates the benefits of adopting SDN security mechanisms in integrated IoT environments and provides interesting insights in the policy enforcement process to drive future research.
Role of ACE inhibitors in anthracycline‐induced cardiotoxicity: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Gupta Vineeta , Kumar Singh Sunil , Agrawal Vikas , Bali Singh Tej 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundSeveral measures including drugs have been tried to reduce anthracycline cardiotoxicity. The lack of randomized trials prompted this study to assess the role of an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (enalapril) in anthracycline‐induced cardiotoxicity in children with hematological malignancies.MethodsA randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial was conducted on 84 patients with leukemia (41) and lymphoma (43) who received anthracyclines (doxorubicin and/or daunorubicin) at cumulative dose ≥200 mg/m2. The patients were randomized to receive either enalapril [group A (n = 44)] or placebo [group B (n = 40)] for 6 months. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and cardiac biomarkers (cardiac troponin I [cTnI], probrain natriuretic peptide [proBNP], and creatine kinase MB [CK‐MB]) were assessed at baseline and 6 months. The primary outcome was a measured decrease in LVEF (≥20%). Secondary outcome measures were changes in cardiac biomarkers and the development of heart failure or arrhythmias.ResultsLVEF decreased in both groups at 6 months, more so in group B (62.25 ± 5.49 vs 56.15 ± 4.79, P < 0.001). A ≥20% decrease was seen in 3 patients in group B but none in group A (P = 0.21). Cardiac biomarkers increased more in group B at 6 months, and the increase was significant for proBNP (49.60 ± 35.97 vs 98.60 ± 54.24, P < 0.001) and cTnI (0.01 ± 0.00 vs 0.011 ± 0.003, P = 0.035) but not significant for CK‐MB (1.08 ± 0.18 vs 1.21 ± 0.44, P = 0.079). In group A, 9.1% of the patients showed an increase in proBNP level ≥100 compared with 37.5% in group B (P < 0.001). No patient developed heart failure or arrhythmia.ConclusionEnalapril has a role in reducing cardiac toxicity after anthracycline administration.
Surveillance imaging for high‐grade childhood brain tumors: What to do 10 years after completion of treatment?
Authors: Otth Maria , Scheinemann Katrin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBrain tumors are the second most common childhood cancer. Treatment protocols for high‐grade pediatric brain tumors recommend regular follow‐up imaging for up to 10 years. We review maximal time to recurrence and minimal time to radiologically detectable long‐term sequelae such as secondary malignancies, vascular complications, and white matter disease. No tumors recurred after the 10‐year point, but radiological long‐term sequelae grew more common as the treatment completion date receded. We do not recommend regular imaging more than 10 years after treatment has ended, unless there are clinical symptoms.