bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential habitat selection in boreal songbirds influences estimates of population size and distribution
Authors: Crosby Andrew D. , Bayne Erin M. , Cumming Steven G. , Schmiegelow Fiona K. A. , Dénes Francisco V. , Tremblay Junior A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimMost large‐scale species distribution models assume spatially constant habitat selection throughout a species' geographic range. However, there is evidence this assumption may not be valid for a number of boreal bird species, which could lead to biased predictions of density and distribution in range‐wide models. Our goal was to test for and quantify differential habitat selection (DHS) in songbirds among regions of the Canadian boreal forest.LocationNorthern Alberta, western Ontario and southern Quebec, Canada.MethodsWe used hierarchical analysis of covariance models with region‐specific parameter estimates to test for differential selection of forest attributes among three regions for six boreal bird species. We used the results of these models to quantify intraspecific niche overlap between regions and compared posterior predictive accuracy to models that did not account for DHS.ResultsWe found a generally large standardized effect size (median effect size = 1.674) of region on selection of specific habitat variables for all six species, although there was high variability among species, variables and regional comparisons. The proportion of niche overlap between regions was generally low (mean overlap = 0.309 for all pairwise comparisons), with no spatial pattern to the overlap. Models accounting for DHS had significantly higher posterior predictive accuracy according to the Watanabe–Akaike information criterion.Main ConclusionsWe found strong evidence for DHS among regions for six boreal songbird species in individual habitat attributes and overall niche space. The higher predictive accuracy of our DHS models suggests that failure to account for spatial variability in habitat selection can lead to biased estimates of density and spatial distribution. Models that did not account for DHS overestimated density relative to DHS models. We conclude that large‐scale species distribution models should account for regional variation in habitat selection in order to obtain accurate estimates of population size and distribution.
Sleep‐related hypermotor epilepsy: A prediction cohort study on sleep/awake patterns of seizures
Authors: Licchetta Laura , Vignatelli Luca , Zenesini Corrado , Mostacci Barbara , Ferri Lorenzo , Provini Federica , Tinuper Paolo , Bisulli Francesca 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSleep‐related hypermotor epilepsy (SHE) is characterized by hyperkinetic seizures arising from sleep. Awake seizures occasionally occur and are associated with a worse prognosis, with important implications for driving and quality of life. We evaluated the clinical features and sleep/wakefulness distribution of seizures at onset and lifelong in a large cohort of clinical/confirmed SHE. Chi‐square test and a multivariate logistic regression model were used to identify predictors of awake seizures lifelong (primary endpoint). Positive and negative likelihood ratio (LR+, LR‐) were calculated. We included 165 patients (male/female: 105/60) with a 27.6‐year median follow‐up. Most (67.9%) presented with seizures exclusively from sleep; 32.1% presented with seizures both while asleep and while awake, or exclusively during wakefulness. Presentation with seizures in wakefulness shows a sensitivity of 62.5% and a specificity of 96.5% to predict the occurrence of awake seizures lifelong, with an LR + of 18 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 5.75‐55) and LR‐ of 0.39 (95% CI = 0.29‐0.52). On multivariate analysis, distribution of sleep/awake seizures at onset was confirmed as an independent risk factor of awake seizures lifelong (odds ratio = 56.7). Patients presenting with awake seizures have a 94% probability of awake seizures lifelong, whereas in those presenting with asleep seizures only, the percentage lowers to 27%. This aspect should be mentioned during physician‐to‐patient communication about prognosis.
Perception of Spanish consumers towards environmentally friendly labelling in food
Authors: Eldesouky Ali , Mesias Francisco J. , Escribano Miguel 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFood consumption is one of the most important areas to influence environmental sustainability since it is responsible for one third of a household's total environmental impact. However, many consumers are not completely aware of the association between their food consumption and the environmental consequences. Recently, some food companies have developed labelling schemes to help inform their consumers of the impact a specific food product has on the environment during its production. The main objective of this study is to uncover consumers' perceptions and attitudes towards these environmental labels and their impact on consumers' purchase decisions. In this paper, five sustainability labels, covering both ethical and environmental aspects, were chosen as examples. A focus group approach has been taken due to its adequacy to explore beliefs, perceptions and experiences. Four focus group sessions took place with 36 participants in total. The data has been analysed using a specific qualitative program (Atlas.ti). Finally, the findings were presented and discussed in four main sections explained throughout the manuscript: food purchase decision, social and environmental labels, information on labels and reasons for purchase, and lastly, willingness to pay for certified labels. The results of this study show that, although consumers have positive attitudes towards sustainability attributes in food products, constraints still remain that prevent their materialisation in their purchasing behaviour.
Doubling Up or Moving Out? The Effect of International Labor Migration on Household Size
Authors: Gatskova Kseniia , Kozlov Vladimir 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe use household panel data from Tajikistan to explore the change in living arrangements as a response to income shifts related to international labour migration. In addition, we analyse the interaction between the effect of idiosyncratic income increase resulting from a completed migration episode, and the effect of an aggregate shock – the global financial crisis – and show how different households adjust their household size during times of financial hardship. The empirical evidence indicates that while current migration is associated with an increase in household size, a completed migration episode two years before the interview was followed by family members moving out. At the same time, our empirical analysis demonstrates that migrant families doubled up in response to a financial crisis to the same extent as non‐migrant families, which suggests that labour migration in Tajikistan does not insure against economic shocks in the long run.
Nationality Policies in the Books and in Practice: Comparing Immigrant Naturalisation across Europe
Authors: Huddleston Thomas , Falcke Swantje 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis article explores whether differences in the implementation of nationality laws explain gaps between nationality laws and nationality acquisition across Europe. Previous research confirms that nationality acquisition among the foreign‐born in Western European countries is largely determined by the inclusiveness of nationality policies and the characteristics of the immigrant population. Drawing on recent data on nationality procedures across Europe, this article argues that, regardless of the nationality laws in place, nationality procedures create major obstacles for different types of immigrants. This article uses data from the European Social Survey to conduct multi‐level analysis of nationality acquisition in 17 European countries among long‐settled foreign‐born adult arrivals, controlling for their individual, origin and destination country characteristics. The analysis finds that nationality procedures are as important as nationality laws for nationality acquisition among most immigrants living in Europe today, especially for immigrants who are most likely to benefit and apply: immigrants from developing countries.
Global warming: Antioxidant responses to deal with drought and elevated temperature inStylosanthes capitata, a forage legume
Authors: Borjas‐Ventura Ricardo , Ferraudo Antonio Sergio , Martínez Carlos Alberto , Gratão Priscila Lupino 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDrought can be more frequent and severe along with elevated temperatures (eT). To deal with the climate change impact on plants, we need to understand the plant biochemical performance. Nowadays, there is a lack of information about the antioxidant response of plants, mainly growing in field conditions and under the future climatic scenario. In this context, we carried out this experiment to analyse the antioxidant responses of the forage legumeStylosanthes capitataVogel (in field condition) to eT and water deprivation. This work had four treatments: control, eT (+2°C above ambient canopy temperature), wS (water deprivation) and eT + wS. Temperature free‐air controlled enhancement (T‐FACE) system was used for warming, and samples were taken 17, 24 and 46 days after warming exposure at time periods of 6:00 a.m. and 12:00 p.m. The eT + wS treatments decreased catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase activities, especially at 46 days. Nevertheless, glutathione (GSH) content was not modified by eT + wS treatments. Also, we determined an important inverse relation among SOD‐GR‐GSH and MDA‐H2O2. In conclusion, combined stresses provoked detrimental effects of enzymatic antioxidant responses. Furthermore, we highlighted the importance of SOD‐GR and GSH to avoid damages of reactive oxygen species inS. capitatagrown under climate change. In addition, we suggest an adequate irrigation management in order to improve the antioxidant systems to face the eT, successfully; besides, we consider that the uses of tolerant cultivars are key under climate change conditions.
Integrated analysis of co‐expression and ceRNA network identifies five lncRNAs as prognostic markers for breast cancer
Authors: Yao Yan , Zhang Tingting , Qi Lingyu , Zhou Chao , Wei Junyu , Feng Fubin , Liu Ruijuan , Sun Changgang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLong non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which competitively bind miRNAs to regulate target mRNA expression in the competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) network, have attracted increasing attention in breast cancer research. We aim to find more effective therapeutic targets and prognostic markers for breast cancer. LncRNA, mRNA and miRNA expression profiles of breast cancer were downloaded from TCGA database. We screened the top 5000 lncRNAs, top 5000 mRNAs and all miRNAs to perform weighted gene co‐expression network analysis. The correlation between modules and clinical information of breast cancer was identified by Pearson's correlation coefficient. Based on the most relevant modules, we constructed a ceRNA network of breast cancer. Additionally, the standard Kaplan‐Meier univariate curve analysis was adopted to identify the prognosis of lncRNAs. Ultimately, a total of 23 and 5 modules were generated in the lncRNAs/mRNAs and miRNAs co‐expression network, respectively. According to the Green module of lncRNAs/mRNAs and Blue module of miRNAs, our constructed ceRNA network consisted of 52 lncRNAs, 17miRNAs and 79 mRNAs. Through survival analysis, 5 lncRNAs (AL117190.1, COL4A2‐AS1, LINC00184, MEG3 and MIR22HG) were identified as crucial prognostic factors for patients with breast cancer. Taken together, we have identified five novel lncRNAs related to prognosis of breast cancer. Our study has contributed to the deeper understanding of the molecular mechanism of breast cancer and provided novel insights into the use of breast cancer drugs and prognosis.
Lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus, Linnaeus) is susceptible to viral nervous necrosis: Result of an experimental infection with different genotypes of Betanodavirus
Authors: Toffan Anna , De Salvador Maria , Scholz Felix , Pretto Tobia , Buratin Alessandra , Rodger Hamish D. , Toson Marica , Cuenca Argelia , Vendramin Niccolò 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn recent years, the use of cleaner fish for biological control of sea lice has increased considerably. Along with this, a number of infectious diseases have emerged. The aim of this study was to investigate the susceptibility of lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) to Betanodavirus since it was detected in asymptomatic wild wrasses in Norway and Sweden. Three betanodaviruses were used to challenge lumpfish: one RGNNV genotype and two BFNNV genotypes. Fish were injected and monitored for 4 weeks. Brain samples from clinically affected specimens, from weekly randomly selected fish and survivors were subjected to molecular testing, viral isolation, histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Reduced survival was observed but was attributed to tail‐biting behaviour, since no nervous signs were observed throughout the study. Betanodavirus RNA was detected in all samples, additionally suggesting an active replication of the virus in the brain. Viral isolation confirmed molecular biology results and revealed a high viral titre in BFNNV‐infected groups associated with typical lesions in brains and eyes of survivor fish. We concluded that lumpfish are susceptible to Betanodavirus, as proven by the high viral titre and brain lesions detected, but further studies are necessary to understand if Betanodavirus can cause clinical disease in this species.
Development and Validation of eRADAR: A Tool Using EHR Data to Detect Unrecognized Dementia
Authors: Barnes Deborah E. , Zhou Jing , Walker Rod L. , Larson Eric B. , Lee Sei J. , Boscardin W. John , Marcum Zachary A. , Dublin Sascha 
Published: October 2019

OBJECTIVESEarly recognition of dementia would allow patients and their families to receive care earlier in the disease process, potentially improving care management and patient outcomes, yet nearly half of patients with dementia are undiagnosed. Our aim was to develop and validate an electronic health record (EHR)‐based tool to help detect patients with unrecognized dementia (EHR Risk of Alzheimer's and Dementia Assessment Rule [eRADAR]).DESIGNRetrospective cohort study.SETTINGKaiser Permanente Washington (KPWA), an integrated healthcare delivery system.PARTICIPANTSA total of 16 665 visits among 4330 participants in the Adult Changes in Thought (ACT) study, who undergo a comprehensive process to detect and diagnose dementia every 2 years and have linked KPWA EHR data, divided into development (70%) and validation (30%) samples.MEASUREMENTSEHR predictors included demographics, medical diagnoses, vital signs, healthcare utilization, and medications within the previous 2 years. Unrecognized dementia was defined as detection in ACT before documentation in the KPWA EHR (ie, lack of dementia or memory loss diagnosis codes or dementia medication fills).RESULTSOverall, 1015 ACT visits resulted in a diagnosis of incident dementia, of which 498 (49%) were unrecognized in the KPWA EHR. The final 31‐predictor model included markers of dementia‐related symptoms (eg, psychosis diagnoses, antidepressant fills), healthcare utilization pattern (eg, emergency department visits), and dementia risk factors (eg, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes). Discrimination was good in the development (C statistic = .78; 95% confidence interval [CI] = .76‐.81) and validation (C statistic = .81; 95% CI = .78‐.84) samples, and calibration was good based on plots of predicted vs observed risk. If patients with scores in the top 5% were flagged for additional evaluation, we estimate that 1 in 6 would have dementia.CONCLUSIONThe eRADAR tool uses existing EHR data to detect patients with good accuracy who may have unrecognized dementia.J Am Geriatr Soc 68:103–111, 2019
Drug‐induced sarcoidosis: an overview of the WHO pharmacovigilance database
Authors: Cohen Aubart F. , Lhote R. , Amoura A. , Valeyre D. , Haroche J. , Amoura Z. , Lebrun‐Vignes B. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere is a documented association between drug exposure and sarcoidosis‐like reactions. In this study, we used the largest pharmacovigilance database to describe drug‐induced sarcoidosis.MethodsData were collected from the World Health Organization (WHO) pharmacovigilance database (VigiBase). We excluded steroids and vaccines from the analysis. The primary end‐point was the lower end‐point of the 95% credibility interval for the information component (IC025).ResultsA total of 127 reports had significant IC025 values for drug‐induced sarcoidosis, and 110 were included in the final analysis, accounting for 2425 adverse drug reactions. Overall, 2074 (85.5%) reactions were considered ‘serious’ and 86 (3.5%) were fatal. Most of the drugs that led to sarcoidosis adverse reactions were TNF‐alpha antagonists, interferon or peg‐interferon therapeutics, and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Other biologic drugs were less frequently associated with sarcoidosis adverse events. Cancer‐targeted therapies such as BRAF or MEK inhibitors were associated with sarcoidosis reactions in 37 cases. Pulmonary hypertension drugs were also reported for drug‐induced sarcoidosis. Amongst the 55 drugs considered as potential sarcoidosis inducers, 25 (45.4%) were never reported in Medline as drug‐induced sarcoidosis.ConclusionsWe provide a detailed list of suspected drugs associated with drug‐induced sarcoidosis that will improve the recognition of this drug‐induced adverse event.
Hepatitis C reinfection with protease inhibitor‐resistant hepatitis C virus in an HIV‐coinfected MSM
Authors: Yilmaz Gül R. , Boesecke Christoph , Schwarze‐Zander Carolynne , Rockstroh Jürgen K. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThere is an ongoing global hepatitis C virus (HCV) epidemic mainly related to high‐risk behaviour in persons who inject drugs (PWID) and in HIV‐infected men who have sex with men (MSM) which continues to fuel the HCV epidemic. Treatment of HCV infection with direct antiviral therapy (DAA) has been very successful in the last decade. Main obstacles for HCV elimination are HCV reinfections observed in PWID and HIV‐infected MSM. We present here an HIV‐infected MSM patient who has been reinfected thrice with HCV. The virus which was investigated from his last reinfection episode reveals transmission of a newly acquired HCV protease inhibitor (PI) resistance, despite not having been exposed to HCV‐PIs during his last DAA therapy.
Development of Coupled Program fast-simdyn and Study of Non-Linear Hydrodynamics, Coupled With Negative Damping and Aerodynamics of Floating Offshore Wind Turbines
Authors: Jose Alwin , Falzarano Jeffrey , Wang Hao 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Non-linear hydrostatic and wave forces on floating structures are very important during large amplitude waves. The computer program simdyn is a blended time domain program developed by Marine Dynamics Laboratory at TAMU and is capable of capturing the role of non-linear fluid forces. simdyn has previously been used to demonstrate that nonlinear hydrostatics have become very important in the problem of parametric excitation. In the current work simdyn is coupled with the computer program fast developed by U.S. National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) for numerical simulation of floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs). fast-simdyn is now a tool that is capable of studying large amplitude motions of FOWTs in extreme seas. fast-simdyn was then used to study the classic instability of negative damping that occurs in FOWTs that use conventional land-based control. The development of platform pitch and platform surge instability are studied in relation to different wave and wind scenarios. The intent was to do an analysis to see if the non-linear forces do play a significant role in large amplitude motions induced by negative damping. This study gives an indication of whether the development and application of higher fidelity hydrodynamic modules are justified.
Experimental Study of a Thermal Cooling Technique for Cylindrical Batteries
Authors: Wei Yuyang , Agelin-Chaab Martin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries have been considered the most promising power source for road transportation. However, the performance and lifespan of Li-ion batteries are strongly dependent on the working temperature. The optimal working temperature is usually within a narrow range, from 25 to 40 °C, and the non-uniformity is usually required to be lower than 5 °C. Therefore, the industry is seeking a thermal management system that is lightweight, simple-structure, energy-saving, and environmentally friendly. Air-cooling, liquid-cooling, and phase-change material (PCM) are the three most common cooling methods in the literature. In this study, a new concept of hybrid-cooling which utilizes all the three cooling methods is proposed. The concept can use either normal tap water or the condensate from a vehicle’s air-conditioner as the coolant source. Also, the coolants can be released back to the ambient environment instead of a coolant recirculation system to reduce weight and complexity. The concept was studied in detail experimentally using the 26,650 Li-ion batteries. The results indicate that the proposed hybrid-cooling concept reduced the maximum surface temperature by about 83%, 70%, and 57% compared with the other three cooling methods: the no-cooling, air-cooling, and water-cooling test results, respectively. Additionally, the concept successfully maintained the temperature uniformity below the recommended 5 °C.
A General Study of Counterflow Diffusion Flames for Supercritical CO2 Combustion
Authors: Manikantachari K. R. V. , Martin Scott , Rahman Ramees K. , Velez Carlos , Vasu Subith 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A counterflow diffusion flame for supercritical CO2 combustion is investigated at various CO2 dilution levels and pressures by accounting for real gas effects into both thermal and transport properties. The UCF 1.1 24-species mechanism is used to account the chemistry. The nature of important nonpremixed combustion characteristics such as Prandtl number, thermal diffusivity, Lewis number, stoichiometric scalar dissipation rate, flame thickness, and Damköhler number are investigated with respect to CO2 dilution and pressure. The results show that the aforementioned parameters are influenced by both dilution and pressure; the dilution effect is more dominant. Further, the result shows that Prandtl number increases with CO2 dilution and at 90% CO2 dilution, the difference between the Prandtl number of the inlet jets and the flame is minimal. Also, the common assumption of unity Lewis number in the theory and modeling of nonpremixed combustion does not hold reasonable for sCO2 applications due to large difference of Lewis number across the flame and the Lewis number on the flame drop significantly with an increase in the CO2 dilution. An interesting relation between Lewis number and CO2 dilution is observed. The Lewis number of species drops by 15% when increasing the CO2 dilution by 30%. Increasing the CO2 dilution increases both the flow and chemical timescales; however, chemical timescale increases faster than the flow timescales. The magnitudes of the Damköhler number signify the need to consider finite rate chemistry for sCO2 applications. Further, the Damköhler numbers at 90% sCO2 dilution are very small; hence, laminar flamelet assumptions in turbulent combustion simulations are not physically correct for this application. Also, it is observed that the Damköhler number drops nonlinearly with increasing CO2 dilution in the oxidizer stream. This is a very important observation for the operation of sCO2 combustors. Further, the flame thickness is found to increase with CO2 dilution and reduce with pressure.