bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die Berner Waldpolitik im «Kampf der Ideologien» (Essay)
Authors: Schmidt Roger 
Published: April 2018

Forest policy of the Canton of Berne in “the struggle of ideologies” (essay)
The Swiss cantons are drifting apart from each other in important questions about the forest economy. Even if the differing cantonal conditions may partly explain the varying approaches, it's problematic. The differences constrain the development of the national forest policy and timber industry and may also lead to risks for the forest economy and the cantonal forest services. The article presents a typology to describe cantonal forest policies and aims to stimulate a discussion between the cantons. A central issue is the role played by the state in the forest economy. The “provisioning state” considers the forest sector as a public service, due to the public interest and provides the services itself. The neo-liberal “minimal state” fully privatises the forest economy and operates on the principle that the market will satisfy all needs in the most efficient way. Forest policy in the Canton of Berne considers the state as the guarantor of the forest's services. This approach is located between the two mentioned extremes: the state defines the services which are needed and ensures that these are supplied by an entrepreneurial forest economy. Thus, the structural development of the forest economy in the Canton of Berne is the key to success and also one of the core concerns of the cantonal forest strategy.
Préférences écologiques des coléoptères saproxyliques emblématiques de Suisse
Authors: Sanchez Andreas , Chittaro Yannick , Gonseth Yves 
Published: April 2018

Ecological preferences of Switzerland's emblematic saproxylic beetles
Swiss forests are home to nearly 1500 species of saproxylic Coleoptera. 414 of these are considered emblematic of specific microhabitats and may be used to evaluate the biological quality of different types of forests and wooded areas in Switzerland. This article provides a summary of the ecological requirements of these beetles based on information gathered from entomological collections and the literature. 77% of emblematic saproxylic beetles live at low altitude and 64% depend on warmth and high insolation. Oak (Quercus spp.), beech (Fagus sylvatica) and pine (particularly Pinus sylvestris) are the trees most often exploited by these beetles. 46% of saproxylic Coleoptera depend on decaying wood and 12% on heavily decomposed wood. 12% develop only in cavities in wood and 13% only in wood-decomposing fungi. We propose measures to promote saproxylic Coleoptera, namely by increasing the total amount of dead wood available (namely tree trunks and large branches) throughout Switzerland to at least 20m3/ha in the Jura, on the Plateau and the southern foothills of the Alps and 25 m3/ha in the Alps and Prealps. We also recommend the conservation of old trees that provide unique treemicrohabitats for saproxylic beetles.
The Origin of Faint Tidal Features around Galaxies in the RESOLVE Survey
Authors: Hood Callie E. , Kannappan Sheila J. , Stark David V. , Dell’Antonio Ian P. , Moffett Amanda J. , Eckert Kathleen D. , Norris Mark A. , Hendel David 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
We study tidal features around galaxies in the REsolved Spectroscopy Of a Local VolumE (RESOLVE) survey. Our sample consists of 1048 RESOLVE galaxies that overlap with the DECam Legacy Survey, which reaches an r-band 3σ depth of ∼27.9 mag arcsec−2 for a 100 arcsec2 feature. Images were masked, smoothed, and inspected for tidal features such as streams, shells, or tails/arms. We find tidal features in 17±2% of our galaxies, setting a lower limit on the true frequency. The frequency of tidal features in the gas-poor (gas-to-stellar mass ratio <0.1) subsample is lower than in the gas-rich subsample (13±3% versus 19±2%). Within the gas-poor subsample, galaxies with tidal features have higher stellar and halo masses, ∼3× closer distances to nearest neighbors (in the same group), and possibly fewer group members at fixed halo mass than galaxies without tidal features, but similar specific star formation rates. These results suggest tidal features in gas-poor galaxies are typically streams/shells from dry mergers or satellite disruption. In contrast, the presence of tidal features around gas-rich galaxies does not correlate with stellar or halo mass, suggesting these tidal features are often tails/arms from resonant interactions. Similar to tidal features in gas-poor galaxies, tidal features in gas-rich galaxies imply 1.7× closer nearest neighbors in the same group; however, they are associated with diskier morphologies, higher star formation rates, and higher gas content. In addition to interactions with known neighbors, we suggest that tidal features in gas-rich galaxies may arise from accretion of cosmic gas and/or gas-rich satellites below the survey limit.
Modeling the Multiband Afterglows of GRB 060614 and GRB 060908: Further Evidence for a Double Power-law Hard Electron Energy Spectrum
Authors: Zhang Q. , Xiong S. L. , Song L. M. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Electrons accelerated in relativistic collisionless shocks are usually assumed to follow a power-law energy distribution with an index of p. Observationally, although most gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have afterglows that are consistent with p > 2, there are still a few GRBs suggestive of a hard (p < 2) electron energy spectrum. Our previous work showed that GRB 091127 gave strong evidence for a double power-law hard electron energy (DPLH) spectrum with 1 < p
1 < 2, p
2 > 2 and an “injection break” assumed as γ
b ∝ γ

q
in the highly relativistic regime, where γ is the bulk Lorentz factor of the jet. In this paper, we show that GRB 060614 and GRB 060908 provide further evidence for such a DPLH spectrum. We interpret the multiband afterglow of GRB 060614 with the DPLH model in a homogeneous interstellar medium by taking into account a continuous energy injection process, while, for GRB 060908, a wind-like circumburst density profile is used. The two bursts, along with GRB 091127, suggest a similar behavior in the evolution of the injection break, with q ∼ 0.5. Whether this represents a universal law of the injection break remains uncertain and more afterglow observations such as these are needed to test this conjecture.
Predicting the Potential Distribution of the Sierra Nevada Red Fox in the Oregon Cascades
Authors: Quinn Cate B. , Akins Jocelyn R. , Hiller Tim L. , Sacks Benjamin N. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The Sierra Nevada red fox Vulpes vulpes necator is a native subspecies associated with subalpine regions in the Sierra Nevada and Cascade mountain ranges of California and Oregon. In the past century, the Sierra Nevada red fox experienced a major range contraction and decline in California. However, the number, size, and connectivity of populations extant in Oregon remain unclear. This knowledge gap impedes efficient monitoring and hinders development of a cohesive conservation strategy for the subspecies. The historical range is large and includes rugged terrain with low accessibility; therefore, a predictive model is needed to facilitate more comprehensive and systematic surveys in the future. We initiated a multiagency collaborative effort to survey portions of the range in the Oregon Cascades during 2011–2016 (verified genetic and photographic detections) and to assemble existing sighting reports dating back to 1985 (unverified), which we used to create Maxent models to predict the potential distribution of Sierra Nevada red fox within Oregon. To identify optimal levels of model complexity, we compared cross-validation accuracy of models that varied in levels of protection against overfitting (regularization). The highest-performing models utilized intermediate regularization, and included minimum January temperature and land-cover type. Regardless of regularization or data set (verified detections, all putative detections), all models agreed in predictions of a high-probability region covering approximately 3,470 km2 or 6% of the Cascade region, corresponding to the high-elevation portion of the crest. With the exception of a gap between Mount Hood and Mt. Jefferson, this core area of predicted presence was continuous along the north–south extent of the crest, suggesting a capacity for high connectivity among observed clusters of occurrence. Use of modeled potential distributions in future survey design will improve efficiency of field data collection, facilitating more precise evaluations of the distribution, abundance, and genetic integrity and connectivity of Sierra Nevada red fox in Oregon.
The Impact of Slugs on Pipe Response - Physical Testing and Numerical Correlation
Authors: Connaire Adrian , Payne Jason , Green Steve , Supak Kevin 
Published: April 2018

Subsea systems that transport multiphase flow such as wellhead and manifold jumpers, tie-in spools, free-spanning pipelines and risers can all be subject to slug and turbulence loading and response, depending on the characteristics of the reservoir fluids, the pipe geometry and the flow conditions.
As part of the SLARP (slug loading and response in pipelines) joint industry project (JIP), a series of tests were undertaken to provide experimental measurements at field-realistic scale dimensions for an investigation into the interactions between slug flow and the dynamics of subsea pipeline jumpers. Advanced numerical methods were validated for simulating the effects of slug flow on subsea pipe structures. The test campaign, pipe configurations, sample test results and numerical correlation of slug flow characteristics with measured pipe dynamics are presented in this paper.
The test section consists of a U-bend constructed from 4-inch pipe. Liquid slugs were propelled through the piping by gas pressure and the structural response of the test section was measured as the slugs traversed a series of 90° pipe bends. As a basis for the test programme, slug lengths and velocities of up to 30m and 15m/s, respectively, were used. Frictional slides and wire rope slings were employed to provide differing restraint and damping conditions for the test section.
The experimental data during the test campaign were compared to numerical simulations that accounted for load contributors of slugs travelling through the test section. Strong correlations were observed between the slug speed and pipe deflections from the physical tests. The system response was shown to be sensitive to slug velocity, pipe system restraint, pipe system stiffness and the evolution with time of the slug characteristics. The numerical methods employed are shown to be suitable for use in the prediction of dynamic response of subsea pipelines to slug loading where flow conditions are well understood.
The novel aspect of this work relates to the successful development of a test piece which has features particular to subsea jumpers and the passing of high velocity slugs through the system combined with the simulation of the test conditions using finite element (FE) software that accounts for all key load contributors. These tests provide key insight to the interaction between slug flow conditions and the dynamics of pipe jumpers at field-realistic scale and in part formed a basis for industry guidelines developed as part of the JIP.
Platelet-Activating Factor–Induced Reduction in Contact Hypersensitivity Responses Is Mediated by Mast Cells via Cyclooxygenase-2–Dependent Mechanisms
Authors: Ocana Jesus A. , Romer Eric , Sahu Ravi , Pawelzik Sven-Christian , FitzGerald Garret A. , Kaplan Mark H. , Travers Jeffrey B. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Platelet-activating factor (PAF) stimulates numerous cell types via activation of the G protein–coupled PAF receptor (PAFR). PAFR activation not only induces acute proinflammatory responses, but it also induces delayed systemic immunosuppressive effects by modulating host immunity. Although enzymatic synthesis and degradation of PAF are tightly regulated, oxidative stressors, such as UVB, chemotherapy, and cigarette smoke, can generate PAF and PAF-like molecules in an unregulated fashion via the oxidation of membrane phospholipids. Recent studies have demonstrated the relevance of the mast cell (MC) PAFR in PAFR-induced systemic immunosuppression. The current study was designed to determine the exact mechanisms and mediators involved in MC PAFR-mediated systemic immunosuppression. By using a contact hypersensitivity model, the MC PAFR was not only found to be necessary, but also sufficient to mediate the immunosuppressive effects of systemic PAF. Furthermore, activation of the MC PAFR induces MC-derived histamine and PGE2 release. Importantly, PAFR-mediated systemic immunosuppression was defective in mice that lacked MCs, or in MC-deficient mice transplanted with histidine decarboxylase– or cyclooxygenase-2–deficient MCs. Lastly, it was found that PGs could modulate MC migration to draining lymph nodes. These results support the hypothesis that MC PAFR activation promotes the immunosuppressive effects of PAF in part through histamine- and PGE2-dependent mechanisms.
Radius of Care in Secondary Schools in the Midwest: Are Automated External Defibrillators Sufficiently Accessible to Enable Optimal Patient Care?
Authors: Osterman Michael , Claiborne Tina , Liberi Victor 
Published: April 2018

Context:
Sudden cardiac arrest is the leading cause of death among young athletes. According to the American Heart Association, an automated external defibrillator (AED) should be available within a 1- to 1.5-minute brisk walk from the patient for the highest chance of survival. Secondary school personnel have reported a lack of understanding about the proper number and placement of AEDs for optimal patient care.

Objective:
To determine whether fixed AEDs were located within a 1- to 1.5-minute timeframe from any location on secondary school property (ie, radius of care).

Design:
Cross-sectional study.

Setting:
Public and private secondary schools in northwest Ohio and southeast Michigan.

Patients or Other Participants:
Thirty schools (24 public, 6 private) volunteered.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Global positioning system coordinates were used to survey the entire school properties and determine AED locations. From each AED location, the radius of care was calculated for 3 retrieval speeds: walking, jogging, and driving a utility vehicle. Data were analyzed to expose any property area that fell outside the radius of care.

Results:
Public schools (37.1% ± 11.0%) possessed more property outside the radius of care than did private schools (23.8% ± 8.0%; F1,28 = 8.35, P = .01). After accounting for retrieval speed, we still observed differences between school types when personnel would need to walk or jog to retrieve an AED (F1.48,41.35 = 4.99, P = .02). The percentages of school property outside the radius of care for public and private schools were 72.6% and 56.3%, respectively, when walking and 34.4% and 12.2%, respectively, when jogging. Only 4.2% of the public and none of the private schools had property outside the radius of care when driving a utility vehicle.

Conclusion:
Schools should strategically place AEDs to decrease the percentage of property area outside the radius of care. In some cases, placement in a centralized location that is publicly accessible may be more important than the overall number of AEDs on site.
The intersection of disability and food security: Perspectives of health and humanitarian aid workers
Authors: Quarmby Candice A. , Pillay Mershen 
Published: April 2018

Background: Most people with disabilities the world over can be found in the Majority (or ‘economically developing’) World. This is also where most of the world’s hungry and malnourished are found. We argue that the intersectionality between disability and nutrition may best be understood through a food security framework, and we position all people living with disability, including those experiencing feeding and swallowing disabilities, as at risk for food insecurity, especially those living in humanitarian emergency contexts.Objectives: This study aimed to explore and describe the knowledge and experience of humanitarian aid workers (HAWs) and health care professionals (HCPs) in food assistance contexts with regard to the nutrition and food security of people living with disabilities.Method: In this exploratory, descriptive study, 16 participants with experience in sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia participated in an online survey. Three survey participants with extensive experience were also interviewed. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics and thematic content analysis.Results: Results revealed that participants had generally low levels of exposure to and experience with disability, including swallowing and feeding disorders.Conclusions: Reduced knowledge of HAWs and HCPs regarding disability and the lack of professionals such as speech–language therapists, who manage disability-specific issues such as feeding and swallowing disorders, may affect the food security of people living with disabilities in food assistance contexts.
Die politiek van die mens-hondverhouding in <i>Op ’n dag, ’n hond</i> van John Miles
Authors: Nel Adéle 
Published: April 2018

The politics of the human-dog relationship in Op ’n dag, ’n hond by John Miles. This article investigates the way in which the human-dog relationship is presented in the novel Op ’n dag, ’n hond by John Miles. The premise of this article is that the novel can be read within the theoretical framework of Posthumanism, in which the embodied communalities of humans and animals (dogs) are emphasised. Despite the differences between the human and nonhuman animal, it is possible to constitute relationality, based on their shared physical mortality. The investigation will focus on the visual paradigm of the novel: the reciprocal view between dog and human, human and dog, which contradicts anthropocentricism and establishes an intersubjective relationship. The dog as guide embodies a moral agent that causes the teacher to look downward, into the underworld, as well as backward to the past. This, in turn, foregrounds the issues of loyalty and betrayal, and the balance between good and evil in a human life.
Simulating ice thickness and velocity evolution of Upernavik Isstrøm 1849–2012 by forcing prescribed terminus positions in ISSM
Authors: Haubner Konstanze , Box Jason E. , Schlegel Nicole J. , Larour Eric Y. , Morlighem Mathieu , Solgaard Anne M. , Kjeldsen Kristian K. , Larsen Signe H. , Rignot Eric , Dupont Todd K. , Kjær Kurt H. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Tidewater glacier velocity and mass balance are known to be
highly responsive to terminus position change. Yet it remains challenging
for ice flow models to reproduce observed ice margin changes. Here, using the
Ice Sheet System Model (Larour et al., 2012), we simulate the ice velocity
and thickness changes of Upernavik Isstrøm (north-western Greenland) by prescribing
a collection of 27 observed terminus positions spanning 164 years
(1849–2012). The simulation shows increased ice velocity during the 1930s,
the late 1970s and between 1995 and 2012 when terminus retreat was observed
along with negative surface mass balance anomalies. Three distinct mass
balance states are evident in the reconstruction: (1849–1932) with near zero
mass balance, (1932–1992) with ice mass loss dominated by ice dynamical
flow, and (1998–2012), when increased retreat and negative surface mass
balance anomalies led to mass loss that was twice that of any earlier period. Over
the multi-decadal simulation, mass loss was dominated by thinning and
acceleration responsible for 70 % of the total mass loss induced by
prescribed change in terminus position. The remaining 30 % of the
total ice mass loss resulted directly from prescribed terminus retreat and
decreasing surface mass balance. Although the method can not explain the
cause of glacier retreat, it enables the reconstruction of ice flow and
geometry during 1849–2012. Given annual or seasonal observed terminus front
positions, this method could be a useful tool for evaluating simulations
investigating the effect of calving laws.
Bollywood in the Hollywood Era: Narratives of Ultra-nationalism, Terrorism and Violence
Authors: Shailo Iqbal 
Published: April 2018

The study examines how some renowned Hollywood and Bollywood movies deal with geopolitical representations of empire and regional politics through the construction of discourses centered on the building of “empire” and “nation”. These movies reflect how government machineries evaluate the political situation and strategic policies of the country in managing geopolitical environments through the construction of security narratives, political rhetoric and geopolitical discourses. The narratives of specific Hollywood movies tend to explain contemporary geopolitics with an emphasis on America’s military power, strategy and world leadership while the genre of Bollywood movies reconnects the ideology of division through the establishment of geographies of ‘us’ and ‘them’ setting aside the so-called “secular face” of the state.
Panoptic Pranksters: Power, Space and Visibility in the Information Panopticon in Scare Campaign
Authors: Cardozo Elloit 
Published: April 2018

Foucault, in his seminal work Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison (1975) discusses Bentham’s architectural design of the Panopticon as a means to exercise power and enforce discipline. He extends this metaphor to speak of Panopticism as a social phenomenon used to discipline work forces through covert strategies. Shoshana Zuboff, in In the Age of the Smart Machine: The Future of Work and Power (1988) contextualizes Foucault’s discussion in an age where the work culture uses Information Systems extensively for surveillance. She calls such a structure an “Information Panopticon”. This paper aims to bring out the various nuances of the Information Panopticon in Cameron and Colin Cairnes’ film Scare Campaign (2016) and how it facilitates the exercise of power. The paper firstly looks at Zuboff’s Information Panopticon in light of Foucault’s discussion before evaluating the Information Panopticon created in the film and its hierarchal structure. Next it endeavours to demonstrate how the Information Panopticon in the film is not solely reliant on literal visibility. It wraps up with a discussion on the relation between spatiality, visibility and power in the film’s Information Panopticon.
Ceylan's Winter Sleep: From Ambiguity to Nothingness
Authors: Daldal Aslı 
Published: April 2018

Nuri Bilge Ceylan is a puzzling filmmaker who started his career as a photographer and initially made films with a “photographic” spirit. But from his first films known as the Trilogy of Province to his award winning latest feature Winter Sleep, Ceylan has changed drastically. Once a modest artist refusing to give interviews, Ceylan has become a regular “red carpet” figure. So this essay will analyze Ceylan’s Winter Sleep from a critical theoretical perspective and try to underline the changes in his cinematography as well as philosophical orientations since his Trilogy of Province. The main points of argument will focus on his shift from an affirmative politics of “ambiguity” towards a dark postmodern “nothingness”.