bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tattoo free setup for partial breast irradiation: A feasibility study
Authors: Jimenez Rachel B. , Batin Estelle , Giantsoudi Drosoula , Hazeltine William , Bertolino Kendell , Ho Alice Y. , MacDonald Shannon M. , Taghian Alphonse G. , Gierga David P. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPurposePatients undergoing external beam accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) receive permanent tattoos to aid with daily setup alignment and verification. With the advent of three‐dimensional (3D) body surface imaging and two‐dimensional (2D) x‐ray imaging‐based matching to surgical clips, tattoos may not be necessary to ensure setup accuracy. We compared the accuracy of conventional tattoo‐based setups to a patient setup without tattoos.Materials/methodsTwenty consecutive patients receiving APBI at our institution from July 10, 2017 to February 13, 2018 were identified. All patients received tattoos per standard of care. Ten patients underwent setup using tattoos for initial positioning followed by surface imaging and 2D matching of surgical clips. The other ten patients underwent positioning using surface imaging followed by 2D matching without reference to tattoos. Overall setup time and orthogonal x‐ray‐based shifts after surface imaging per fraction were recorded. Shift data were used to calculate systematic and random error.ResultsAmong ten patients in the “no tattoo” group, the average setup time per fraction was 6.83 min vs 8.03 min in the tattoo cohort (P < 0.01). Mean 3D vector shifts for patients in the “no tattoo” group were 4.6 vs 5.9 mm in the “tattoo” cohort (P = NS). Mean systematic errors in the “no tattoo” group were: 1.2 mm (1.5 mm SD) superior/inferior, 0.5 mm (1.6 mm SD) right/left, and 2.3 mm (1.9 mm SD) anterior/posterior directions. Mean systematic errors in the “tattoo” group were: 0.8 mm (2.2 mm SD) superior/inferior, 0.3 mm (2.5 mm SD) right/left, and 1.4 mm (4.4 mm SD) anterior/posterior directions. The random errors in the “no tattoo” group ranged from 0.6 to 0.7 mm vs 1.2 to 1.7 mm in the “tattoo” group.ConclusionsUsing both surface imaging and 2D matching to surgical clips provides excellent accuracy in APBI patient alignment and setup verification with reduced setup time relative to the tattoo cohort. Skin‐based tattoos may no longer be warranted for patients receiving external beam APBI.
Retarding Thermal Degradation in Hybrid Perovskites by Ionic Liquid Additives
Authors: Xia Rui , Fei Zhaofu , Drigo Nikita , Bobbink Felix D. , Huang Zhangjun , Jasiūnas Rokas , Franckevičius Marius , Gulbinas Vidmantas , Mensi Mounir , Fang Xiaodong , Roldán‐Carmona Cristina , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja , Dyson Paul J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRecent years have witnessed considerable progress in the development of solar cells based on lead halide perovskite materials. However, their intrinsic instability remains a limitation. In this context, the interplay between the thermal degradation and the hydrophobicity of perovskite materials is investigated. To this end, the salt 1‐(4‐ethenylbenzyl)‐3‐(3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8‐tridecafluorooctylimidazolium iodide (ETI), is employed as an additive in hybrid perovskites, endowing the photoactive materials with high thermal stability and hydrophobicity. The ETI additive inhibits methylammonium (MA) permeation in methylammonium lead triiodide (MAPbI3) occurring due to intrinsic thermal degradation, by inhibiting out‐diffusion of the MA+ cation, preserving the pristine material and preventing decomposition. With this simple approach, high efficiency solar cells based on the unstable MAPbI3 perovskite are markedly stabilized under maximum power point tracking, leading to greater than twice the preserved efficiency after 700 h of continuous light illumination and heating (60 °C). These results suggest a strategy to tackle the intrinsic thermal decomposition of MAI, an essential component in all state‐of‐the‐art perovskite compositions.
Density Based Characterization of Mechanical Cues on Cancer Cells Using Magnetic Levitation
Authors: Baday Murat , Ercal Ozlem , Sahan Ayse Zisan , Sahan Asude , Ercal Baris , Inan Hakan , Demirci Utkan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractExtracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness is correlated to malignancy and invasiveness of cancer cells. Although the mechanism of change is unclear, mechanical signals from the ECM may affect physical properties of cells such as their density profile. The current methods, such as Percoll density‐gradient centrifugation, are unable to detect minute density differences. A magnetic levitation device is developed (i.e., MagDense platform) where cells are levitated in a magnetic gradient allowing them to equilibrate to a levitation height that corresponds to their unique cellular density. In application of this system, MDA‐MB‐231 breast and A549 lung cancer cells are cultured and overall differences in cell density are observed in response to increasing collagen fiber density. Overall, density values are significantly more spread out for MDA‐MB‐231 cells extracted from the 1.44 mg mL−1 collagen gels compared to those from 0.72 mg mL−1 collagen, whereas no significant difference with A549 cell lines is observed. The MagDense platform can determine differences in cellular densities under various microenvironmental conditions. The imaging of cancer cells in a magnetic levitation device serves as a unique tool to observe changes in phenotypic properties of cancer cells as they relate to micromechanical cues encoded by the ECM.
Photocatalytic Lithography with Atomic Layer–Deposited TiO2 Films to Tailor Biointerface Properties
Authors: Vandenbroucke Sofie S. T. , Mattelaer Felix , Jans Karolien , Detavernier Christophe , Stakenborg Tim , Vos Rita 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this article, the use of thin, photocatalytically active TiO2 films deposited using atomic layer deposition (ALD) and a conventional lithography mask are explored for the fabrication of a patterned biointerface. Hereto, a pattern of self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) with different functional groups is created using ALD TiO2 films, anatase‐rich as‐deposited, with a thickness of 20 nm and a short UV exposure time of 5 min. More specifically, azido‐containing SAMs are locally removed upon UV exposure (λ = 308 nm) and the created gaps are filled with a polyethylene glycol (PEG) SAM, hereby creating a surface with areas for the selective coupling of biomolecules via the azide groups and antifouling areas due to the presence of the PEG. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach, fluorescent‐labeled antibodies are immobilized on the well‐defined patterns with a resolution in the µm range.
Double Emitting Layer Based Solution Processed WOLEDs Simultaneously with High Power Efficiency and Good Color Stability
Authors: Wang Shumeng , Yan Zhimin , Ding Junqiao , Wang Lixiang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA double emitting layer (EML) device configuration is successfully demonstrated for power‐efficient and color‐stable white organic light‐emitting diodes (WOLEDs) that are fabricated via orthogonal solvent processing. In this case, a self‐host blue dendrimer B‐G2 is independently used as the bottom EML due to its excellent nondoped device performance and perfect alcohol resistance, and an alcohol‐soluble yellow phosphor Ir(Flpy‐CF3‐EG)3 functionalized with 2‐(2‐methoxyethoxy)ethyl group is newly developed as the upper EML combined with the arylphosphine oxide‐containing electron transporting materials. Unlike single EML based white devices, the unwanted charge trap from long‐wavelength phosphors can be easily and effectively prevented by tuning the energy level alignment in the upper EML, leading to a nearly unchanged white electroluminance with a negligible Commission Internationalede l'Eclairage (CIE) variation of ΔCIE (0.008, 0.005) in a luminance range from 2.2 to 1015 cd m−2. Meanwhile, a promising power efficiency of 51.5 lm W−1 is realized, which can be further optimized to 104.5 lm W−1 at maximum and 62.0 lm W−1 at 1000 cd m−2 after the addition of an out‐coupling half‐sphere. The simultaneous achievement of high power efficiency and good color stability clearly indicates the great potential of double EML in solution processed WOLEDs.
Density–Nematic Coupling in Isotropic Linear Polymers: Acoustic and Osmotic Birefringence
Authors: Popadić Aleksandar , Svenšek Daniel , Podgornik Rudolf , Praprotnik Matej 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLinear polymers and other connected “line liquids” exhibit a geometrical coupling between density and equilibrium orientational order on the macroscopic level that gives rise to a Meyer‐de Gennes vectorial conservation law for polar orientational order, or its amended version for apolar nematic order when described as “recovered” polar order. They generally exhibit fluctuations of orientational order, starting with its lowest moment, the polar order, which in the isotropic phase is geometrically decoupled from density. As a contrast, quadrupolar (nematic) orientational fluctuations are inherently coupled to density fluctuations already in the isotropic system and not subject to the existence of an orientational phase transition. To capture this, it takes the tensorial description of the nematic order, leading to a geometrical coupling between density and orientational order in the form of a tensorial conservation law. This coupling implies that a spatial density variation will induce nematic order and thereby an acoustic or osmotic optical birefringence even in isotropic phase. The theory is validated by performing detailed Monte Carlo simulations of isotropic melts and comparing the results with macroscopic predictions. This also exposits a means of determining the macroscopic parameters by microscopic simulations to yield realistic continuum models of specific polymeric materials.
Sunlight Polymerization of Poly(amidoxime) Hydrogel Membrane for Enhanced Uranium Extraction from Seawater
Authors: Ma Chunxin , Gao Jinxiang , Wang Dong , Yuan Yihui , Wen Jun , Yan Bingjie , Zhao Shilei , Zhao Xuemei , Sun Ye , Wang Xiaolin , Wang Ning 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe uranium level in seawater is ≈1000 times as high as terrestrial ores and can provide potential near‐infinite fuel for the nuclear energy industry. However, it is still a significant challenge to develop high‐efficiency and low‐cost adsorbents for massively extracting uranium from seawater. Herein, a simple and fast method through low‐energy consumption sunlight polymerization to direct fabrication of a poly(amidoxime) (PAO) hydrogel membrane, which exhibits high uranium adsorption capacity, is reported. This PAO hydrogel owns semi‐interpenetrating structure and a hydrophilic poly(acrylamide) 3D network of hydrogel which can disperse and fix PAOs well. As a result, the amidoxime groups of PAOs exhibit an outstanding uranium adsorption efficiency (718 ± 16.6 and 1279 ± 14.5 mg g−1 of muranium/mPAO in 8 and 32 ppm uranium‐spiked seawater, respectively) among reported hydrogel‐based adsorbents. Most importantly, U‐uptake capacity of this hydrogel can achieve 4.87 ± 0.38 mg g−1 of muranium/mdry gel just after four weeks within natural seawater. Furthermore, this hydrogel can be massively produced through low‐energy consumption and environmentally‐friendly sunlight polymerization. This work will provide a high‐efficiency and low‐cost adsorbent for massive uranium extraction from seawater.
A Generalized Methodology of Designing 3D SERS Probes with Superior Detection Limit and Uniformity by Maximizing Multiple Coupling Effects
Authors: Tian Yi , Wang Hanfu , Yan Lanqin , Zhang Xianfeng , Falak Attia , Guo Yanjun , Chen Peipei , Dong Fengliang , Sun Lianfeng , Chu Weiguo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAccurate design of high‐performance 3D surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) probes is the desired target, which is possibly implemented with a prerequisite of quantifying formidable multiple coupling effects involved. Herein, by combining theory and experiments on 3D periodic Au/SiO2 nanogrid models, a generalized methodology of accurately designing high performance 3D SERS probes is developed. Structural symmetry, dimensions, Au roughness, and polarization are successfully correlated quantitatively to intrinsic localized electromagnetic field (EMF) enhancements by calculating surface plasmon polariton (SPP), localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), optical standing wave effects, and their couplings theoretically, which is experimentally verified. The hexagonal SERS probes optimized by this methodology realize over two orders of magnitudes (405 times) improvement of detection limit for Rhodamine 6G model molecules (2.17 × 10−11 m) compared to the unoptimized probes with the same number density of hot spots, an enhancement factor of 3.4 × 108, a uniformity of 5.52%, and are successfully applied to the detection of 5 × 10−11 m Hg ions in water. This unambiguously results from the Au roughness‐independent extra 144% contribution of LSPR effects excited by SPP interference waves as secondary sources, which is very unusual to be beyond the conventional recognition.
Second‐line treatments in children with immune thrombocytopenia: Effect on platelet count and patient‐centered outcomes
Authors: Grace Rachael F. , Shimano Kristin A. , Bhat Rukhmi , Neunert Cindy , Bussel James B. , Klaassen Robert J. , Lambert Michele P. , Rothman Jennifer A. , Breakey Vicky R. , Hege Kerry , Bennett Carolyn M. , Rose Melissa J. , Haley Kristina M. , Buchanan George R. , Geddis Amy , Lorenzana Adonis , Jeng Michael , Pastore Yves D. , Crary Shelley E. , Neier Michelle , Neufeld Ellis J. , Neu Nolan , Forbes Peter W. , Despotovic Jenny M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractImmune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune bleeding disorder with isolated thrombocytopenia and hemorrhagic risk. While many children with ITP can be safely observed, treatments are often needed for various reasons, including to decrease bleeding, or to improve health related quality of life (HRQoL). There are a number of available second‐line treatments, including rituximab, thrombopoietin‐receptor agonists, oral immunosuppressive agents, and splenectomy, but data comparing treatment outcomes are lacking. ICON1 is a prospective, multi‐center, observational study of 120 children starting second‐line treatments for ITP designed to compare treatment outcomes including platelet count, bleeding, and HRQoL utilizing the Kids ITP Tool (KIT). While all treatments resulted in increased platelet counts, romiplostim had the most pronounced effect at 6 months (P = .04). Only patients on romiplostim and rituximab had a significant reduction in both skin‐related (84% to 48%, P = .01 and 81% to 43%, P = .004) and non‐skin‐related bleeding symptoms (58% to 14%, P = .0001 and 54% to 17%, P = .0006) after 1 month of treatment. HRQoL significantly improved on all treatments. However, only patients treated with eltrombopag had a median improvement in KIT scores at 1 month that met the minimal important difference (MID). Bleeding, platelet count, and HRQoL improved in each treatment group, but the extent and timing of the effect varied among treatments. These results are hypothesis generating and help to improve our understanding of the effect of each treatment on specific patient outcomes. Combined with future randomized trials, these findings will help clinicians select the optimal second‐line treatment for an individual child with ITP.
Optimizing survival outcomes with post‐remission therapy in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Medeiros Bruno C. , Chan Steven M. , Daver Naval G. , Jonas Brian A. , Pollyea Daniel A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOptimization of post‐remission therapies to maintain complete remission and prevent relapse is a major challenge in treating patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Monitoring patients for measurable residual disease (MRD) is helpful to identify those at risk for relapse. Hypomethylating agents are being investigated as post‐remission therapy. Identification of recurrent genetic alterations that drive disease progression has enabled the design of new, personalized approaches to therapy for patients with AML. Emerging data suggest that targeted post‐remission therapy, alone or in combination with chemotherapy, may improve outcomes. Results of ongoing clinical trials will further define potential clinical benefits.
An investigation of lithium ion conductivity of copolymers based on P(AMPS‐co‐PEGMA)
Authors: Gunday Seyda T. , Kamal Aneeka Z. , Almessiere Munirah A. , Çelik Sevim Ü , Bozkurt Ayhan 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTIn this work, a series of novel lithium ion‐conducting copolymer electrolytes based on 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) and poly(ethyleneglycol) methacrylate (PEGMA) were produced and characterized. The copolymers were synthesized by free‐radical polymerization of the corresponding monomers with three different feed ratios to form P(AMPS‐co‐PEGMA)‐based electrolytes. After the polymerization, AMPS units of the copolymers were lithiated via ion exchange. The characterization of the electrolytes was done by 1H‐NMR, FTIR, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and impedance analyzer. The copolymers were thermal stable approximately to 200 °C. Single Tg transitions in DSC curves verified the homogeneity as well as amorphous characteristics. SEM further confirmed the homogeneity of the electrolytes. The lithium ion conductivity of these new polymer electrolytes was studied by impedance dielectric impedance analyzer and the effect of PEGMA contents onto the ionic conductivity of these copolymer electrolytes were investigated. It was observed that the temperature dependence of ionic conductivity was interpreted over Vogel Tammann Fulcher model. The Li ion conductivity increased by PEGMA content and S3 has maximum conductivity of 3 × 10−3 mS cm−1 at 100 °C. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47798.
Insights into N‐Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC)‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Addition of 2H‐Azirine with Aldehyde
Authors: Liu Qiuli , Sun Ling , Li Shi‐Jun , Li Xue , Qu Ling‐Bo , Lan Yu , Wei Donghui 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe possible mechanisms and origin of the enantioselectivity of the reaction between 2H‐azirine and an aldehyde catalyzed by an N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) were theoretically studied and predicted at the M06‐2X/6‐31G(d,p)/IEF‐PCMMTBE//M06‐2X‐GD3/6‐311++G(2df, 2pd)/IEF‐PCMMTBE level. The most favorable reaction pathway consists of four steps, i.e., complexation of the NHC and the aldehyde, stepwise [1,2]‐proton transfer, C−C bond formation coupled with another proton transfer, and recycling of the NHC. The computational results indicate that the stereoselectivity‐determining step is also the rate‐determining step, which is the third step (i.e., intermolecular addition). The calculated 99 % ee is very close to the experimentally observed value of 96 % ee, demonstrating that the calculations are reliable. Two important roles of the NHC were identified by global reaction index (GRI) analysis and natural population analysis (NPA), that is, realizing the umpolung reactivity of the aldehyde and facilitating the deprotonation of aldehyde. Moreover, the efficiency of different NHC catalysts can be mainly predicted by computing the nucleophilic index of the corresponding Breslow intermediates. Furthermore, distortion/interaction and noncovalent interaction (NCI) analyses revealed that the π⋅⋅⋅π interactions between the NHC and substrates were the key factor in the reaction enantioselectivity.
The Application of Micro‐ and Nanomotors in Classified Drug Delivery
Authors: Wang Shuanghu , Liu Kun , Wang Fei , Peng Fei , Tu Yingfeng 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMicro and nanomotors (MNMs) are micro/nanoscale devices that are able to convert chemical or external energy into mechanical motion. Based on a multitude of propulsion mechanisms, synthetic MNMs have been developed over the past decades for diverse biomedical applications, particularly drug delivery. Herein, we set out the classification of drugs delivered by MNMs, such as small molecules, nucleic acid, peptides, antibodies, and other proteins, and discuss their current limitations and possibilities in in vivo applications. Challenges and future perspectives are also discussed. With the increasing research enthusiasm in this field and the strengthening of multidisciplinary cooperation, intelligent MNMs will appear in the near future, which will have a profound impact on all related fields.
Ultrasound assisted synthesis of CaF2:Eu3+ phosphor nanoparticles
Authors: Malviya D. , Pawade V.B. , Bhanvase B.A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this work, the optical and structural properties of ultrasonically prepared CaF2:Eu3+ nanoparticles have been reported. Ultrasonically prepared CaF2:Eu3+ phosphor shows orange, red emission bands at 591 nm and 612 nm, respectively, when it is excited by 394 light‐emitting diode (LED) excitation wavelengths. Further phosphor materials are well characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques to confirm the phase purity, metal oxygen (MO) bonding and crystallites size of the materials. Here synthesized materials show a tube‐like structure under 100 nm resolution and 0.1 mol% is the best doping value of the europium ion (Eu3+) in calcium fluoride (CaF2) that shows highest intensity when prepared with an ultrasound assisted method.
The Promises and the Challenges of Biotransformations in Microflow
Authors: Žnidaršič‐Plazl Polona 
Published: April 2019

The challenges of transition toward the postpetroleum world shed light on the biocatalysis as the most sustainable way for the valorization of biobased raw materials. However, its industrial exploitation strongly relies on integration with innovative technologies such as microscale processing. Microflow devices remarkably accelerate biocatalyst screening and engineering, as well as evaluation of process parameters, and intensify biocatalytic processes in multiphase systems. The inherent feature of microfluidic devices to operate in a continuous mode brings additional interest for their use in chemoenzymatic cascade systems and in connection with the downstream processing units. Further steps toward automation and analytics integration, as well as computer‐assisted process development, will significantly affect the industrial implementation of biocatalysis and fulfill the promises of the bioeconomy. This review provides an overview of recent examples on implementation of microfluidic devices into various stages of biocatalytic process development comprising ultrahigh‐throughput biocatalyst screening, highly efficient biocatalytic process design including specific immobilization techniques for long‐term biocatalyst use, integration with other (bio)chemical steps, and/or downstream processing.
Traditional Chinese medicine as a cancer treatment: Modern perspectives of ancient but advanced science
Authors: Xiang Yuening , Guo Zimu , Zhu Pengfei , Chen Jia , Huang Yongye 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTraditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been practiced for thousands of years and at the present time is widely accepted as an alternative treatment for cancer. In this review, we sought to summarize the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the chemopreventive and therapeutic activity of TCM, especially that of the Chinese herbal medicine‐derived phytochemicals curcumin, resveratrol, and berberine. Numerous genes have been reported to be involved when using TCM treatments and so we have selectively highlighted the role of a number of oncogene and tumor suppressor genes in TCM therapy. In addition, the impact of TCM treatment on DNA methylation, histone modification, and the regulation of noncoding RNAs is discussed. Furthermore, we have highlighted studies of TCM therapy that modulate the tumor microenvironment and eliminate cancer stem cells. The information compiled in this review will serve as a solid foundation to formulate hypotheses for future studies on TCM‐based cancer therapy.