bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of deep learning algorithms for dental caries detection and prediction from radiographic images: a comprehensive umbrella review
Authors: Dashti Mahmood , Londono Jimmy , Ghasemi Shohreh , Zare Niusha , Samman Meyassara , Ashi Heba , Amirzade-Iranaq Mohammad Hosein , Khosraviani Farshad , Sabeti Mohammad , Khurshid Zohaib 
Published: November 2024

Background
In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning (DL) have made a considerable impact in dentistry, specifically in advancing image processing algorithms for detecting caries from radiographical images. Despite this progress, there is still a lack of data on the effectiveness of these algorithms in accurately identifying caries. This study provides an overview aimed at evaluating and comparing reviews that focus on the detection of dental caries (DC) using DL algorithms from 2D radiographs.

Materials and Methods
This comprehensive umbrella review adhered to the “Reporting guideline for overviews of reviews of healthcare interventions” (PRIOR). Specific keywords were generated to assess the accuracy of AI and DL algorithms in detecting DC from radiographical images. To ensure the highest quality of research, thorough searches were performed on PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase. Additionally, bias in the selected articles was rigorously assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tool.

Results
In this umbrella review, seven systematic reviews (SRs) were assessed from a total of 77 studies included. Various DL algorithms were used across these studies, with conventional neural networks and other techniques being the predominant methods for detecting DC. The SRs included in the study examined 24 original articles that used 2D radiographical images for caries detection. Accuracy rates varied between 0.733 and 0.986 across datasets ranging in size from 15 to 2,500 images.

Conclusion
The advancement of DL algorithms in detecting and predicting DC through radiographic imaging is a significant breakthrough. These algorithms excel in extracting subtle features from radiographic images and applying machine learning techniques to achieve highly accurate predictions, often outperforming human experts. This advancement holds immense potential to transform diagnostic processes in dentistry, promising to considerably improve patient outcomes.
Study of the Dissolution of Tahoua Natural Phosphate by Mineral Acids: Hydrochloric Acid and Sulfuric Acid
Authors: Bassirou INOUSSA Halidou , Zaneidou YAHOUZA , Abdoulaye AMADOU HAMIDOU , Adamou ZANGUINA 
Published: November 2024

The transformation of natural phosphorus into plant nutrient phosphorus, natural phosphates from Tahoua were dissolved in mineral acids, hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid. Dissolution was effected at various concentrations (0.01M; 0.1M and 1M) and stirring times (1 hour, 3 hours and 5 hours). The results show that for all two acids (2), the dissolution rate is greater in concentrated acid solutions (1M) and for the 5-hour attack time. These rates are 38.37% and 34.87% respectively for sulfuric and hydrochloric acid solutions. Dissolution of Tahoua natural phosphate depends on the concentration of etching solutions and the etching time. With mineral acids (sulfuric and hydrochloric acid), for example, it increases with concentration. This dissolution offers interesting visions for perfecting phosphate fertilizers.
Prediction of Lead Molecule Esculetin of Tridax procumbens against Zika Virus Envelope Protein
Authors: Ebenezer King Solomon , Manivanan Rekha 
Published: November 2024

In the existing field of science, it is necessary for Siddha, Ayurveda therapists, to understand the interactions and to treat the target regions of the human system effectively. One of the most significant nightmares for scientists and medical professionals has been the Zika virus. Since the bite of the Aedes mosquito species has infected people worldwide with the Zika virus (Flavivirus). The human mechanism and infection control interactions of the Zika virus are still unclear. In addition, some herbal products may give a pathway to the treat the zika virus. Many herbs aim to regulate various diseases, but the herb Tridax procumbens has a key collection of pharmacological values for diseases. Traditional health practitioners have struggled to grasp the precise mechanism of linking existence and how to treat the disease, so the current Ayurinformatics approach and the evolving field are an idea of a modern medical science system. Here we examine the interaction of flavonoids procumbenetin and esculetin of Tridax procumbens with zika virus in silico docking and molecular simulation and ADME and toxicity profile for the drug candidate. Hereby we conclude that these two compounds have the property to suppress the ZIKA virus and are stable and active with ZIKA virus. Molecular docking of Esculetin and Procumbenetin with ZIKV 5JHM, they bind with each other on active site pockets ASP98, ARG99, GLY100, TRP101, GLY102, ASN103, GLY104, CYS105, GLY106, LEU107, PHE108, GLY109.
Design of Bacterial Inclusion Bodies as Antigen Carrier Systems
Authors: Chen Shuxiong , Sandford Sarah , Kirman Joanna , Rehm Bernd H. A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSynthetic subunit vaccines hold great promise to prevent infectious diseases, but they often induce only weak immune responses. Here bioengineering techniques to develop immunogenic antigen particles comprised of self‐assembling antigenic peptides are exploited. A bioparticle platform is developed to present repetitive copies of subunit antigens, which mimic the host‐pathogen surface interaction to provide enhanced immunogenicity. Herein, mycobacterial fusion proteins H4 (consisting of Ag88B‐TB10.4) and H28 (containing Ag88B‐TB10.4‐Rv2660c) are bioengineered to assemble H4 and/or H28 antigens into particulate vaccines inside an endotoxin‐free Escherichia coli strain, to serve as a novel vaccine against tuberculosis (TB). A bioprocess for particle isolation is developed. The physicochemical properties of the particles are investigated. Antigen particles formulated with the adjuvant dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium bromide are used to subcutaneously immunize C57BL/6 mice. Both soluble and particulate vaccines elicit production of functional and specific antibodies, which only interact with target antigens and not production host cell proteins. Particulate vaccines induce strong production of interferon gamma (IFNγ) and interleukin 17A (IL17A) cytokines. When compared to soluble antigens, the antigen particle vaccines show increased immunogenicity. Overall, this study provides proof of concept that selected antigens can be engineered to self‐assemble into inclusion bodies to serve as particulate vaccines with improved immunological properties compared to the respective soluble antigens.
Mechanical and Functional Tradeoffs in Multiphase Liquid Metal, Solid Particle Soft Composites
Authors: Tutika Ravi , Zhou Shihuai H. , Napolitano Ralph E. , Bartlett Michael D. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSoft materials with high thermal conductivity are critical for flexible electronics, energy storage and transfer, and human‐interface devices and robotics. However, fundamental heat transport limitations in soft and deformable materials present significant challenges for achieving high thermal conductivity. Here, a systematic study of soft composites with solid, liquid, and solid–liquid multiphase metal fillers dispersed in elastomers reveals key strategies to tune the thermal‐mechanical response of soft materials. Experiments supported by thermodynamic and kinetic modeling demonstrate that multiphase systems quickly form intermetallics that solidify and degrade mechanical response with modest gains in thermal conductivity. In contrast, liquid metal inclusions provide benefits over solid and multiphase fillers as they can be loaded up to 80% by volume with the composites being electrically insulating, soft (<1 MPa modulus), and highly thermally conductive (k = 6.7 ± 0.1 W m−1 K−1). The thermal‐mechanical response of the composites is summarized and quantitative design maps are presented for soft, highly thermally conductive materials. This leads to soft materials with unique thermal‐mechanical combinations, highlighted by a liquid metal composite with an unprecedented thermal conductivity of 11.0 ± 0.5 W m−1 K−1 when strained. These materials and approach enable diverse applications from soft conformal materials for stretchable electronics to thermal interface materials in integrated circuits.
Tosyl Hydrazine‐Promoted Tandem Condensation and Cyclization of Acyl Azobenzenes Enabling Access to 2H‐Indazoles under Metal‐Free Aerobic Conditions
Authors: Son Jeong‐Yu , Kim Hyunseok , Baek Yonghyeon , Um Kyusik , Ko Gi Hoon , Han Gi Uk , Han Sang Hoon , Lee Kooyeon , Lee Phil Ho 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTosyl hydrazine‐promoted tandem condensation and cyclization of 2‐acyl azobenzenes under metal‐free aerobic conditions was demonstrated to give 2‐aryl‐2H‐indazoles having alkyl‐ or aryl groups at the 3‐position in quantitative yields through the release of water, molecular nitrogen, and sulfinic acid. All of the examples produced the corresponding 2H‐indazoles in quantitative yields. The present reaction was determined to have a wide substrate scope and good functional group tolerance.magnified image
Evolution of root apical meristem structures in vascular plants: plasmodesmatal networks
Authors: Imaichi Ryoko , Moritoki Nobuko , Solvang Hiroko Kato 
Published: September 2018

Premise of the studyThe apical meristem generates indeterminate apical growth of the stem and root of vascular plants. Our previous examination showed that shoot apical meristems (SAMs) can be classified into two types based on plasmodesmatal networks (PNs), which are important elements in symplasmic signaling pathways within the apical meristem. Here, we examined the PNs of root apical meristems (RAMs) in comparison with those of SAMs.MethodsRoot apical meristems of 18 families and 22 species of lycophytes and euphyllophytes were analyzed. Plasmodesmata (PD) in cell walls in median longitudinal sections of RAMs were enumerated using transmission electron micrographs, and the PD density per 1 μm2 of each cell wall was calculated.Key resultsRoot apical meristems with prominent apical cells of monilophytes (euphyllophytes) and Selaginellaceae (lycophytes) had high PD densities, while RAMs with plural initial cells of gymnosperms and angiosperms (euphyllophytes), and of Lycopodiaceae and Isoetaceae (lycophytes) had low PD densities. This correlation between structures of apical meristems and PD densities is identical to that in SAMs already described.ConclusionsIrrespective of their diversified structures, the RAMs of vascular plants can be classified into two types with respect to PNs: the fern (monilophyte) type, which has a lineage‐specific PN with only primary PD, and the seed‐plant type, which has an interspecific PN with secondary PD in addition to primary PD. PNs may have played a key role in the evolution of apical meristems in vascular plants.
Decarboxylative Negishi Coupling of Redox‐Active Aliphatic Esters by Cobalt Catalysis
Authors: Liu Xu‐Ge , Zhou Chu‐Jun , Lin E. , Han Xiang‐Lei , Zhang Shang‐Shi , Li Qingjiang , Wang Honggen 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA cobalt‐catalyzed decarboxylative Negishi coupling reaction of redox‐active aliphatic esters with organozinc reagents was developed. The method enabled efficient alkyl–aryl, alkyl–alkenyl, and alkyl–alkynyl coupling reactions under mild reaction conditions with no external ligand or additive needed. The success of an in situ activation protocol and the facile synthesis of the drug molecule (±)‐preclamol highlight the synthetic potential of this method. Mechanistic studies indicated that a radical mechanism is involved.
Discovery of Cu3Pb
Authors: Tamerius Alexandra D. , Clarke Samantha M. , Gu Mingqiang , Walsh James P. S. , Esters Marco , Meng Yue , Hendon Christopher H. , Rondinelli James M. , Jacobsen Steven D. , Freedman Danna E. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMaterials discovery enables both realization and understanding of new, exotic, physical phenomena. An emerging approach to the discovery of novel phases is high‐pressure synthesis within diamond anvil cells, thereby enabling in situ monitoring of phase formation. Now, the discovery via high‐pressure synthesis of the first intermetallic compound in the Cu‐Pb system, Cu3Pb is reported. Cu3Pb is notably the first structurally characterized mid‐ to late‐first‐row transition‐metal plumbide. The structure of Cu3Pb can be envisioned as a direct mixture of the two elemental lattices. From this new framework, we gain insight into the structure as a function of pressure and hypothesize that the high‐pressure polymorph of lead is a possible prerequisite for the formation of Cu3Pb. Crucially, electronic structure computations reveal band crossings near the Fermi level, suggesting that chemically doped Cu3Pb could be a topologically nontrivial material.
Direct Photocatalytic Synthesis of Medium‐Sized Lactams by C−C Bond Cleavage
Authors: Wang Na , Gu Qiang‐Shuai , Li Zhong‐Liang , Li Zhuang , Guo Yu‐Long , Guo Zhen , Liu Xin‐Yuan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractReported is a novel two‐step ring‐expansion strategy for expeditious synthesis of all ring sizes of synthetically challenging (hetero)aryl‐fused medium‐sized lactams from readily available 5–8‐membered cyclic ketones. This step‐economic approach features a remote radical (hetero)aryl migration from C to N under visible‐light conditions. Broad substrate scope, good functional‐group tolerance, high efficiency, and mild reaction conditions make this procedure very attractive. In addition, this method also provides expedient access to 13–15‐membered macrolactams upon an additional one‐step manipulation. Mechanistic studies indicate that the reaction involves an amidyl radical and is promoted by acid.
Einelektronenübertragungsreaktionen in frustrierten und klassischen Silyliumion/Phosphan‐Lewis‐Paaren
Authors: Merk Anastasia , Großekappenberg Henning , Schmidtmann Marc , Luecke Marcel‐Philip , Lorent Christian , Driess Matthias , Oestreich Martin , Klare Hendrik F. T. , Müller Thomas 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSilyliumionen unterliegen einer Einelektronenreduktion mit Phosphanen unter Bildung von kurzlebigen Silylradikalen und den entsprechenden stabilen Phosphanradikalkationen. Experimentelle Untersuchungen, unterstützt durch DFT‐Rechnungen, zeigen, dass Phosphane mit elektronenreichen 2,6‐disubstituierten Arylgruppen ausreichend starke Reduktionsmittel sind, um diese Einelektronenübertragung zu ermöglichen. Frustration, wie sie in kinetisch stabilisierten Triarylsilyliumion/Phosphan‐Lewis‐Paaren auftritt, ist nicht zwingend erforderlich. So gehen Silylphosphoniumionen, die durch konventionelle Lewis‐Adduktbildung aus lösungsmittelstabilisierten Trialkylsilyliumionen und Phosphanen gebildet werden, ebenfalls diesen radikalischen Mechanismus ein. Das Tritylkation, eine Lewis‐Säure mit höherer Elektronenaffinität, oxidiert sogar Trialkylphosphane wie tBu3P, das weder mit B(C6F5)3 noch mit Silyliumionen reagiert.
Thousand‐fold Conductivity Increase in 2D Perovskites by Polydiacetylene Incorporation and Doping
Authors: Ortiz‐Cervantes Carmen , Román‐Román Priscila I. , Vazquez‐Chavez Josué , Hernández‐Rodríguez Marcos , Solis‐Ibarra Diego 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) organic–inorganic perovskites have rapidly become an attractive alternative to traditional three‐dimensional (3D) perovskite solar‐cell absorbers owing to their improved stability and processability. Despite their advantages, the insulating nature of the organic cations and diminished light absorption limit their overall performance. Herein, it is demonstrated that the incorporation of conjugated diynes in hybrid 2D perovskites, and subsequent thermal treatment results in the formation of 2D perovskites that incorporate polydiacetylenes in their structure. Furthermore, it is shown that oxygen or iodine doping results in the formation of stable radicals within the material alongside a drastic shift of the band gap from 3.0 to 1.4 eV and in‐plane conductivity improvements of up to three orders of magnitude, which lead to record conductivities for 2D halide perovskites (n=1).
Tracking Local Mechanical Impact in Heterogeneous Polymers with Direct Optical Imaging
Authors: Filonenko Georgy A. , Lugger Jody A. M. , Liu Chong , van Heeswijk Ellen P. A. , Hendrix Marco M. R. M. , Weber Manuela , Müller Christian , Hensen Emiel J. M. , Sijbesma Rint P. , Pidko Evgeny A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractStructural heterogeneity defines the properties of many functional polymers and it is often crucial for their performance and ability to withstand mechanical impact. Such heterogeneity, however, poses a tremendous challenge for characterization of these materials and limits our ability to design them rationally. Herein we present a practical methodology capable of resolving the complex mechanical behavior and tracking mechanical impact in discrete phases of segmented polyurethane—a typical example of a structurally complex polymer. Using direct optical imaging of photoluminescence produced by a small‐molecule organometallic mechano‐responsive sensor we observe in real time how polymer phases dissipate energy, restructure, and breakdown upon mechanical impact. Owing to its simplicity and robustness, this method has potential in describing the evolution of complex soft‐matter systems for which global characterization techniques fall short of providing molecular‐level insight.
Defect‐Rich Bi12O17Cl2 Nanotubes Self‐Accelerating Charge Separation for Boosting Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Di Jun , Zhu Chao , Ji Mengxia , Duan Meilin , Long Ran , Yan Cheng , Gu Kaizhi , Xiong Jun , She Yuanbin , Xia Jiexiang , Li Huaming , Liu Zheng 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSolar‐driven reduction of CO2, which converts inexhaustible solar energy into value‐added fuels, has been recognized as a promising sustainable energy conversion technology. However, the overall conversion efficiency is significantly limited by the inefficient charge separation and sluggish interfacial reaction dynamics, which resulted from a lack of sufficient active sites. Herein, Bi12O17Cl2 superfine nanotubes with a bilayer thickness of the tube wall are designed to achieve structural distortion for the creation of surface oxygen defects, thus accelerating the carrier migration and facilitating CO2 activation. Without cocatalyst and sacrificing reagent, Bi12O17Cl2 nanotubes deliver high selectivity CO evolution rate of 48.6 μmol g−1 h−1 in water (16.8 times than of bulk Bi12O17Cl2), while maintaining stability even after 12 h of testing. This paves the way to design efficient photocatalysts with collaborative optimizing charge separation and CO2 activation towards CO2 photoreduction.
Cationic Charges Leading to an Inverse Free‐Energy Relationship for N−N Bond Formation by MnVI Nitrides
Authors: Chantarojsiri Teera , Reath Alexander H. , Yang Jenny Y. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMnVN Schiff‐base complexes incorporating a Na+ (1Na), K+ (1K), Ba2+ (1Ba), or Sr2+ (1Sr) ion in the ligand framework are reported. The MnVI/V reduction potentials for 1Na, 1K, 1Ba, and 1Sr are 0.591, 0.616, 0.805, and 0.880 V vs. Fe(C5H5)2+/0, respectively, exhibiting significant positive shifts compared to a MnN Schiff‐base complex in the same primary coordination environment but with no associated alkali or alkaline earth metal ion (A, E1/2=0.427 V vs. Fe(C5H5)2+/0). One‐electron oxidation of the MnVN complexes results in bimolecular coupling to form N2 with rates (k2) at 20 °C of 2166, 684, 857, and 99.7, an 87 m−1 s−1 for A, 1Na, 1K, 1Ba, and 1Sr respectively, following an inverse linear free energy relationship. Thus, increasing charge through proximal cations results in MnVIN complexes that are both more oxidizing and more stable to bimolecular coupling, a trend diametrically opposed to when complexes were modified by ligand substituents through inductive effects.
Electron Cartography in Clusters
Authors: Hernández Sánchez Raúl , Champsaur Anouck M. , Choi Bonnie , Wang Suyin Grass , Bu Wei , Roy Xavier , Chen Yu‐Sheng , Steigerwald Michael L. , Nuckolls Colin , Paley Daniel W. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDeconvoluting the atom‐specific electron density within polynuclear systems remains a challenge. A multiple‐wavelength anomalous diffraction study on four clusters that share the same [Co6Se8] core was performed. Two cluster types were designed, one having a symmetric ligand sphere and the other having an asymmetric ligand sphere. It was found that in the neutral, asymmetric, CO‐bound cluster, the Co−CO site is more highly oxidized than the other five Co atoms; when an electron is removed, the hole is distributed among the Se atoms. In the neutral, symmetric cluster, the Co atoms divide by electron population into two sets of three, each set being meridional; upon removal of an electron, the hole is distributed among all the Co atoms. This ligand‐dependent tuning of the electron/hole distribution relates directly to the performance of clusters in biological and synthetic systems.
Cu1.5PMo12O40‐catalyzed condensation cyclization for the synthesis of substituted pyrazoles
Authors: Yang Guo‐Ping , He Xing , Yu Bing , Hu Chang‐Wen 
Published: September 2018

A convenient and direct approach has been developed for the preparation of pyrazole derivatives by the condensation cyclization of hydrazines/hydrazide and 1,3‐diketones in the presence of Cu1.5PMo12O40 (0.33 mol%) under mild conditions (r.t.‐60 °C, 10–30 min). Notably, the reaction was found to be scalable as 99% yield was obtained when the reaction was performed at a 5‐mmol scale. This solvent‐free and halogen‐free catalytic system represents an effective economic and environmentally friendly method for the construction of pyrazoles.
Smalltooth sawfish (Pristis pectinata Latham, 1794) in the Casamance River, Senegal: A historical perspective
Authors: Downing Nigel , Leeney Ruth H. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

A study of euryhaline elasmobranchs was conducted in the Casamance River, southern Senegal, between June 1974 and October 1975.
Data were collected from 159 sawfish, comprising 158 smalltooth sawfish (Pristis pectinata Latham, 1794) and one largetooth sawfish (Pristis pristis Linnaeus, 1758).
The mean total rostral tooth count for P. pectinata was 46 (range 41–53), significantly lower than the total tooth counts for the western Atlantic population. No sexual dimorphism in rostral tooth counts was apparent, in contrast to findings from the western Atlantic.
The total rostral length averaged 22.9% of the total length.
One hundred and forty‐four individuals were caught within the river system itself, all of them were juveniles. Fifteen adults, including the single largetooth sawfish documented during the study, were caught at the river mouth or at sea.
Six sawfish, caught between May and July, bore rostral sheaths, indicating that they had recently been born.
Although the Casamance and Gambia rivers are only 120 km apart, the findings from this study combined with published data collected from the Gambia River during the same period suggest the partitioning of juvenile habitats by the two sawfish species present in the region, to the level of different river systems. Both species are likely to have used the same coastal habitats as adults.
The Casamance River was clearly an important habitat for smalltooth sawfish some 40 years ago, but it is unknown whether the species persists there. Intensive artisanal fisheries for sharks and rays in the region poses a significant threat to any remaining sawfishes, and a challenge for elasmobranch fisheries management.