bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimodality cellular and molecular imaging of concomitant tumour enhancement in a syngeneic mouse model of breast cancer metastasis
Authors: Parkins Katie M. , Dubois Veronica P. , Hamilton Amanda M. , Makela Ashley V. , Ronald John A. , Foster Paula J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe mechanisms that influence metastatic growth rates are poorly understood. One mechanism of interest known as concomitant tumour resistance (CTR) can be defined as the inhibition of metastasis by existing tumour mass. Conversely, the presence of a primary tumour has also been shown to increase metastatic outgrowth, termed concomitant tumour enhancement (CTE). The majority of studies evaluating CTR/CTE in preclinical models have relied on endpoint histological evaluation of tumour burden. The goal of this research was to use conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cellular MRI, and bioluminescence imaging to study the impact of a primary tumour on the development of brain metastases in a syngeneic mouse model. Here, we report that the presence of a 4T1 primary tumour significantly enhances total brain tumour burden in Balb/C mice. Using in vivo BLI/MRI we could determine this was not related to differences in initial arrest or clearance of viable cells in the brain, which suggests that the presence of a primary tumour can increase the proliferative growth of brain metastases in this model. The continued application of our longitudinal cellular and molecular imaging tools will yield a better understanding of the mechanism(s) by which this physiological inhibition (CTR) and/or enhancement (CTE) occurs.
UNC-16/JIP3 and UNC-76/FEZ1 limit the density of mitochondria in C. elegans neurons by maintaining the balance of anterograde and retrograde mitochondrial transport
Authors: Sure Guruprasada Reddy , Chatterjee Anusheela , Mishra Nikhil , Sabharwal Vidur , Devireddy Swathi , Awasthi Anjali , Mohan Swetha , Koushika Sandhya P. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe investigate the role of axonal transport in regulating neuronal mitochondrial density. We show that the density of mitochondria in the touch receptor neuron (TRN) of adult Caenorhabditis elegans is constant. Mitochondrial density and transport are controlled both by the Kinesin heavy chain and the Dynein-Dynactin complex. However, unlike in other models, the presence of mitochondria in C. elegans TRNs depends on a Kinesin light chain as well. Mutants in the three C. elegans miro genes do not alter mitochondrial density in the TRNs. Mutants in the Kinesin-1 associated proteins, UNC-16/JIP3 and UNC-76/FEZ1, show increased mitochondrial density and also have elevated levels of both the Kinesin Heavy and Light Chains in neurons. Genetic analyses suggest that, the increased mitochondrial density at the distal end of the neuronal process in unc-16 and unc-76 depends partly on Dynein. We observe a net anterograde bias in the ratio of anterograde to retrograde mitochondrial flux in the neuronal processes of unc-16 and unc-76, likely due to both increased Kinesin-1 and decreased Dynein in the neuronal processes. Our study shows that UNC-16 and UNC-76 indirectly limit mitochondrial density in the neuronal process by maintaining a balance in anterograde and retrograde mitochondrial axonal transport.
Pre-clinical evaluation of EC1456, a folate-tubulysin anti-cancer therapeutic
Authors: Reddy Joseph A. , Dorton Ryan , Bloomfield Alicia , Nelson Melissa , Dircksen Christina , Vetzel Marilynn , Kleindl Paul , Santhapuram Hari , Vlahov Iontcho R. , Leamon Christopher P. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractEC1456 is a folate-tubulysin conjugate constructed with an all-D enantiomeric spacer/linker configuration. When tested against folate receptor (FR)-positive cells, EC1456 demonstrated dose-responsive activity with an approximate 1000-fold level of specificity. Treatment of nude mice bearing FR-positive human xenografts (as large as 800 mm3) with non-toxic doses of EC1456 led to cures in 100% of the mice. Combinations of low dose EC1456 with standard of care agents such as platins, taxanes, topotecan and bevacizumab, safely and significantly augmented the growth inhibitory effects of these commonly used agents. When tested against FR-positive human tumor xenograft models having confirmed resistance to a folate-vinca alkaloid (vintafolide), cisplatin or paclitaxel, EC1456 was found to generate partial to curative responses. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that EC1456 has significant anti-proliferative activity against FR-positive tumors, including models which were anticancer drug resistant, thereby justifying a Phase 1 trial of this agent for the treatment of advanced human cancers.
Development of a radionuclide-labeled monoclonal anti-CD55 antibody with theranostic potential in pleural metastatic lung cancer
Authors: Dho So Hee , Kim Soo Yong , Chung Chaeuk , Cho Eun Ha , Lee So-Young , Kim Ji Young , Kim Lark Kyun , Min Sung-Won , Lee Jichul , Jung Sung Hee , Lim Jae Cheong 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDecay-accelerating factor (CD55 or DAF) inhibits complement-dependent cytotoxicity. We determined that CD55 is overexpressed in 76.47% of human non-small cell lung cancer tissue specimens. We therefore developed a lutetium-177-labeled chimeric monoclonal antibody against CD55. CD55-specific single-chain variable fragment (scFv) was selected from a naïve chicken scFv phage-display library, converted to IgG, and radiolabeled with lutetium-177 to generate a 177Lu-anti-CD55 antibody. We then charaterized the biodistribution of this antibody in a mouse model of pleural metastatic lung cancer. The 177Lu-anti-CD55 antibody was primarily retained in tumor tissue rather than normal tissue. Treatment of the mice with 177Lu-anti-CD55 reduced the growth of lung tumors and improved median survival in vivo by two-fold compared to controls. Finally, 177Lu-anti-CD55 also enhanced the antitumor activity of cisplatin both in vitro and in vivo. These data suggest 177Lu-anti-CD55 antibody is a promising theranostic agent for pleural metastatic lung cancer.
Synthesis of ultrathin two-dimensional nanosheets and van der Waals heterostructures from non-layered γ-CuI
Authors: Yao Kangkang , Chen Peng , Zhang Zhengwei , Li Jia , Ai Ruoqi , Ma Huifang , Zhao Bei , Sun Guangzhuang , Wu Ruixia , Tang Xuwan , Li Bo , Hu Jiawen , Duan Xidong , Duan Xiangfeng 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTwo-dimensional (2D) nanosheets have attracted considerable recent interest for their atomically thin geometry and unique thickness-dependent electronic properties. The 2D nanosheets studied to date are generally limited to intrinsically layered materials, in which the covalently bonded atomic layers are held together by weak van der Waals forces and can be readily exfoliated to single or few-atom thick nanosheets. To prepare 2D nanosheets from non-layered materials can greatly expand the scope of 2D materials, but is much less straightforward. Here, we report the successful synthesis of ultrathin nanosheets from non-layered γ-CuI on SiO2/Si substrate using a facile physical vapor deposition process. The resulting γ-CuI nanosheets display a triangular and hexagonal geometry with the lateral dimension up to 5 μm and thickness down to 1 nm. Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy studies demonstrate the resulting nanosheets retain single-crystalline γ-CuI phase. Additionally, we further show the γ-CuI nanosheets can be readily grown on other 2D materials (e.g., 2D-WSe2, 2D-WS2) to form van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs). Optical microscopy images and Raman intensity mappings confirm the formation of γ-CuI/WS2 and γ-CuI/WSe2 vertical heterostructures. The electrical transport studies show that γ-CuI nanosheets exhibit a low resistivity of ~0.3 Ω cm and γ-CuI/WS2 vertical heterostructures display a p-n diode behavior with distinct current rectification. The synthesis of γ-CuI nanosheets and heterostructures open a pathway to ultrathin nanosheets and van der Waals heterostructures from non-layered materials and could open up exciting opportunities in electronics and optoelectronics.
Fragmentation and disk formation during high-mass star formation
Authors: Beuther H. , Mottram J. C. , Ahmadi A. , Bosco F. , Linz H. , Henning Th. , Klaassen P. , Winters J. M. , Maud L. T. , Kuiper R. , Semenov D. , Gieser C. , Peters T. , Urquhart J. S. , Pudritz R. , Ragan S. E. , Feng S. , Keto E. , Leurini S. , Cesaroni R. , Beltran M. , Palau A. , Sánchez-Monge Á. , Galvan-Madrid R. , Zhang Q. , Schilke P. , Wyrowski F. , Johnston K. G. , Longmore S. N. , Lumsden S. , Hoare M. , Menten K. M. , Csengeri T. 
Published: June 2018

Context. High-mass stars form in clusters, but neither the early fragmentation processes nor the detailed physical processes leading to the most massive stars are well understood.
Aims. We aim to understand the fragmentation, as well as the disk formation, outflow generation, and chemical processes during high-mass star formation on spatial scales of individual cores.
Methods. Using the IRAM Northern Extended Millimeter Array (NOEMA) in combination with the 30 m telescope, we have observed in the IRAM large program CORE the 1.37 mm continuum and spectral line emission at high angular resolution (~0.4″) for a sample of 20 well-known high-mass star-forming regions with distances below 5.5 kpc and luminosities larger than 104 L⊙.
Results. We present the overall survey scope, the selected sample, the observational setup, and the main goals of CORE. Scientifically, we concentrated on the mm continuum emission on scales on the order of 1000 AU. We detect strong mm continuum emission from all regions, mostly due to the emission from cold dust. The fragmentation properties of the sample are diverse. We see extremes where some regions are dominated by a single high-mass core whereas others fragment into as many as 20 cores. A minimum-spanning-tree analysis finds fragmentation at scales on the order of the thermal Jeans length or smaller suggesting that turbulent fragmentation is less important than thermal gravitational fragmentation. The diversity of highly fragmented vs. singular regions can be explained by varying initial density structures and/or different initial magnetic field strengths.
Conclusions. A large sample of high-mass star-forming regions at high spatial resolution allows us to study the fragmentation properties of young cluster-forming regions. The smallest observed separations between cores are found around the angular resolution limit which indicates that further fragmentation likely takes place on even smaller spatial scales. The CORE project with its numerous spectral line detections will address a diverse set of important physical and chemical questions in the field of high-mass star formation.
TheGaia-ESO Survey: properties of newly discovered Li-rich giants
Authors: Smiljanic R. , Franciosini E. , Bragaglia A. , Tautvaišienė G. , Fu X. , Pancino E. , Adibekyan V. , Sousa S. G. , Randich S. , Montalbán J. , Pasquini L. , Magrini L. , Drazdauskas A. , García R. A. , Mathur S. , Mosser B. , Régulo C. , de Assis Peralta R. , Hekker S. , Feuillet D. , Valentini M. , Morel T. , Martell S. , Gilmore G. , Feltzing S. , Vallenari A. , Bensby T. , Korn A. J. , Lanzafame A. C. , Recio-Blanco A. , Bayo A. , Carraro G. , Costado M. T. , Frasca A. , Jofré P. , Lardo C. , de Laverny P. , Lind K. , Masseron T. , Monaco L. , Morbidelli L. , Prisinzano L. , Sbordone L. , Zaggia S. 
Published: June 2018

Aims. We report 20 new lithium-rich giants discovered within theGaia-ESO Survey, including the first Li-rich giant with an evolutionary stage confirmed by CoRoT (Convection, Rotation and planetary Transits) data. We present a detailed overview of the properties of these 20 stars.Methods. Atmospheric parameters and abundances were derived in model atmosphere analyses using medium-resolution GIRAFFE or high-resolution UVES (Ultraviolet and Visual Echelle Spectrograph) spectra. These results are part of the fifth internal data release of theGaia-ESO Survey. The Li abundances were corrected for non-local thermodynamical equilibrium effects. Other stellar properties were investigated for additional peculiarities (the core of strong lines for signs of magnetic activity, infrared magnitudes, rotational velocities, chemical abundances, and Galactic velocities). We usedGaiaDR2 parallaxes to estimate distances and luminosities.Results. The giants haveA(Li) > 2.2 dex. The majority of them (14 of 20 stars) are in the CoRoT fields. Four giants are located in the field of three open clusters, but are not members. Two giants were observed in fields towards the Galactic bulge, but likely lie in the inner disc. One of the bulge field giants is super Li-rich withA(Li) = 4.0 dex.Conclusions. We identified one giant with infrared excess at 22μm. Two other giants, with large v sini, might be Li-rich because of planet engulfment. Another giant is found to be barium enhanced and thus could have accreted material from a former asymptotic giant branch companion. Otherwise, in addition to the Li enrichment, the evolutionary stages are the only other connection between these new Li-rich giants. The CoRoT data confirm that one Li-rich giant is at the core-He burning stage. The other giants are concentrated in close proximity to the red giant branch luminosity bump, the core-He burning stages, or the early-asymptotic giant branch. This is very clear from theGaia-based luminosities of the Li-rich giants. This is also seen when the CoRoT Li-rich giants are compared to a larger sample of 2252 giants observed in the CoRoT fields by theGaia-ESO Survey, which are distributed throughout the red giant branch in theTeff-loggdiagram. These observations show that the evolutionary stage is a major factor for the Li enrichment in giants. Other processes, such as planet accretion, contribute at a smaller scale.
Praktisches Vorgehen beim Phlebo-Lymphödem und Ulcus cruris
Authors: Cornelsen H. 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungEine 53-jährige Patientin mit einem beidseitigen Phlebo-Lymphödem und einem beidseitigen Ulcus cruris mixtum (Abb. 1 a, b und Abb. 2 a, b) stellte sich bei uns in der Praxis vor.Die Größenzunahme der Ulcera crurum und die stetige Zunahme des Exsudats, der Geruchsbelastung und der Schmerzsymptomatik veranlassten die Patienten, sich bei uns in der Praxis vorzustellen. Die Behandlung wurde erfolgreich in unserer Praxis durchgeführt, sodass uns die Patientin mit deutlich reduzierten Ödemen der Beine sowie komplett abgeheilten Ulcera crurum verlassen konnte (Abb. 1 a, b und Abb. 2 a, b).Eine Behandlung in unserer Praxis dauerte 60 – 80 Minuten, dies beinhaltete: manuelle Lymphdrainage, wundreinigende Maßnahmen, lokale Wundtherapeutika, lymphologische Kompressionsverbände und die krankengymnastischen und entstauenden Maßnahmen sowie die entsprechende Dokumentation, sowie zum Abschluss eine flachgestrickte Kompressionsbestrumpfung.
Biologika-Therapien in Österreich. Daten aus dem Österreichischen Biologika-Register BioReg
Authors: Leeb Burkhard , Singer Franz , Stummer Otto , Herold Manfred 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungIn Österreich wurde vergleichsweise spät im Jahre 2009, das „Biologikaregister für entzündlich rheumatische Erkrankungen e. V.“, kurz BioReg, gegründet, mit den auch in anderen Ländern verfolgten Zielen, jene PatientInnen, die mit Biologika behandelt werden, hinsichtlich Tolerabilität und Effektivität zu dokumentieren. Aus dem Vereinsmodell ergibt sich die Freiwilligkeit der Teilnahme von Verschreibern, vergleichbar dem deutschen RABBIT Register. Mit Ende Mai 2017 waren insgesamt 2132 PatientInnen in die Datenbank eingeschlossen, davon waren 1157 PatientInnen mit Rheumatoider Arthritis (RA), 497 mit Spondylitis ankylosans (SpA), 401 mit Arthritis psoriatica (PsA) und 77 PatientInnen mit sonstigen rheumatischen Erkrankungen (SERE). Österreichs Rheumatologen initiieren – im Vergleich zu europäischen Kollegen – eine bDMARD-Therapie bereits bei RA Patienten mit hoch moderater Krankheitsaktivität. Der Behinderungsgrad der Patienten unter Biologika-Therapie kann insgesamt niedrig gehalten werden, was natürlich auch für den Erhalt der Berufsfähigkeit von Bedeutung ist. Außergewöhnliche Nebenwirkungen wurden bisher nicht beobachtet, die in BioReg aufgetretenen Nebenwirkungen entsprechen den bereits aus Studien bekannten. Die Häufigkeit der Anwendung der einzelnen Präparate ist durchaus mit der in Deutschland vergleichbar, auch die Retentionsraten sind nicht wesentlich unterschiedlich. Register, wie auch BioReg, zeigen den „heimlichen“ Normalfall der Behandlung von Patientinnen und Patienten mit entzündlich rheumatischen Erkrankungen und liefern damit einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur Qualitätssicherung.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Adipose Tissue in Metabolic Dysfunction
Authors: Franz Daniela , Syväri Jan , Weidlich Dominik , Baum Thomas , Rummeny Ernst , Karampinos Dimitrios 
Published: June 2018

Background Adipose tissue has become an increasingly important tissue target in medicine. It plays a central role in the storage and release of energy throughout the human body and has recently gained interest for its endocrinologic function. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an established method for quantitative direct evaluation of adipose tissue distribution, and is used increasingly as the modality of choice for metabolic phenotyping. The purpose of this review was the identification and presentation of the currently available literature on MRI of adipose tissue in metabolic dysfunction.
Method A PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed) keyword search up to August 2017 without starting date limitation was performed and reference lists of relevant articles were searched.
Results and Conclusion MRI provides excellent tools for the evaluation of adipose tissue distribution and further characterization of the tissue. Standard as well as newly developed MRI techniques allow a risk stratification for the development of metabolic dysfunction and enable monitoring without the use of ionizing radiation or contrast material.
Key points
Citation Format
Oblique Sagittal Images Prevent Underestimation of the Neuroforaminal Stenosis Grade Caused by Disc Herniation in Cervical Spine MRI
Authors: Kintzelé Laurent , Rehnitz Christoph , Kauczor Hans-Ulrich , Weber Marc-André 
Published: June 2018

Purpose To identify whether standard sagittal MRI images result in underestimation of the neuroforaminal stenosis grade compared to oblique sagittal MRI images in patients with cervical spine disc herniation.
Materials and Methods 74 patients with a total of 104 cervical disc herniations compromising the corresponding nerve root were evaluated. Neuroforaminal stenosis grades were evaluated in standard and oblique sagittal images by one senior and one resident radiologist experienced in musculoskeletal imaging. Oblique images were angled 30° towards the standard sagittal plane. Neuroforaminal stenosis grades were classified from 0 (no stenosis) to 3 (high grade stenosis).
Results Average neuroforaminal stenosis grades of both readers were significantly lower in standard compared to oblique sagittal images (p < 0.001). For 47.1 % of the cases, one or both readers reported a stenosis grade, which was at least 1 grade lower in standard compared to oblique sagittal images. There was also a significant difference when looking at patients who had neurological symptoms (p = 0.002) or underwent cervical spine surgery subsequently (p = 0.004). Interreader reliability, as measured by kappa value, and accordance rates were better for oblique sagittal images (0.94 vs. 0.88 and 99 % vs. 93 %).
Conclusion Standard sagittal images tend to underestimate neuroforaminal stenosis grades compared to oblique sagittal images and are less reliable in the evaluation of disc herniations within the cervical spine MRI. In order to assess the potential therapeutic consequence, oblique images should therefore be considered as a valuable adjunct to the standard MRI protocol for patients with a radiculopathy.
Key Points
Citation Format
Vascular Anomalies (Part I): Classification and Diagnostics of Vascular Anomalies
Authors: Sadick Maliha , Müller-Wille René , Wildgruber Moritz , Wohlgemuth Walter 
Published: June 2018

Background Vascular anomalies are a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. They require dedicated interdisciplinary management. Optimal patient care relies on integral medical evaluation and a classification system established by experts in the field, to provide a better understanding of these complex vascular entities.
Method A dedicated classification system according to the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA) and the German Interdisciplinary Society of Vascular Anomalies (DiGGefA) is presented. The vast spectrum of diagnostic modalities, ranging from ultrasound with color Doppler, conventional X-ray, CT with 4 D imaging and MRI as well as catheter angiography for appropriate assessment is discussed.
Results Congenital vascular anomalies are comprised of vascular tumors, based on endothelial cell proliferation and vascular malformations with underlying mesenchymal and angiogenetic disorder. Vascular tumors tend to regress with patient’s age, vascular malformations increase in size and are subdivided into capillary, venous, lymphatic, arterio-venous and combined malformations, depending on their dominant vasculature. According to their appearance, venous malformations are the most common representative of vascular anomalies (70 %), followed by lymphatic malformations (12 %), arterio-venous malformations (8 %), combined malformation syndromes (6 %) and capillary malformations (4 %).
Conclusion The aim is to provide an overview of the current classification system and diagnostic characterization of vascular anomalies in order to facilitate interdisciplinary management of vascular anomalies.
Key Points
Citation Format
How Do Experienced Physicians Access and Evaluate Laboratory Test Results for the Chronic Patient? A Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Torsvik Torbjørn , Lillebo Børge , Hertzum Morten 
Published: June 2018

Background Electronic health records may present laboratory test results in a variety of ways. Little is known about how the usefulness of different visualizations of laboratory test results is influenced by the complex and varied process of clinical decision making.
Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate how clinicians access and utilize laboratory test results when caring for patients with chronic illness.
Methods We interviewed 10 attending physicians about how they access and assess laboratory tests when following up patients with chronic illness. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed qualitatively.
Results Informants preferred different visualizations of laboratory test results, depending on what aspects of the data they were interested in. As chronic patients may have laboratory test results that are permanently outside standardized reference ranges, informants would often look for significant change, rather than exact values. What constituted significant change depended on contextual information (e.g., the results of other investigations, intercurrent diseases, and medical interventions) spread across multiple locations in the electronic health record. For chronic patients, the temporal relations between data could often be of special interest. Informants struggled with finding and synthesizing fragmented information into meaningful overviews.
Conclusion The presentation of laboratory test results should account for the large variety of associated contextual information needed for clinical comprehension. Future research is needed to improve the integration of the different parts of the electronic health record.