bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Klassikern: Museets plats i samtidens bildning och kultur
Authors: Adotevi Stanislas S. 
Published: August 2018

Under ICOM's betydelsefulla nionde generalkonferens i Grenoble 1971 framträdde Stanislas Adotevifran dåvarande Dahomey (nu Benin) i Västafrika. Han var en ledande kulturpersonlighet i det frankofona Afrika, ledare för Dahomeys Institut de Recherche Appliquee, under vilket museerna sorterade. Hans svidande kritik av den europeiska museivärlden vackte stort uppseende i Grenoble och har kommit att betraktas som en viktig inspiration for den nya museologi och for ekomuseirörelsen tog form vid den har tidpunkten. Sa åberopas han med utdrag ur talet i Gjestrum-Maures Økomuseumsboka (1988) och med talets inledande avsnitt i Andre Desvallees Vagues, 1 (1992). Hela texten finns publicerad i Le role educatif et culture! du musee. Le musee au service des hommes aujourd'hui et demain, Actes de la 9e Conference generale de l'ICOM. (Paris 1972). Den följande oversättningen är gjord efter utdraget i Vagues. Dock är slutorden hämtade ur originaltexten.
Peter Thonning and the natural historical collections of Denmark's Prince Christian (VIII), 1806-07
Authors: Hopkins Daniel 
Published: August 2018

One of the finest natural historical collections in Denmark in the first half of the nineteenth century, toward the end of the age of great private cabinets, was that of King Christian VIII (1786-1848, king from 1839). It was founded as the young Prince Christians instructional collection; the teaching took a strong hold on him, and the prince in time came to possess «a mineralogical and malacological collection of real scientific significance», a collection «to be reckoned with».
Journal of Material Culture
Authors: Gjestrum John Aage 
Published: August 2018

Journal of Material Culture er utkommet i 1996 med sin første årgang. Tidsskriftets målsetting er å overskride de tradisjonelle disiplingrensene mellom antropologi, arkeologi, kunsthistorie, historie, kulturgeografi, museologi og etnografi. Studiefeltet er material culture studies, - forholdet mellom gjenstander og sosiale relasjoner, sett uavhengig av fagenes tradisjonelle definering til avgrensninger i tid og rom.
Rethinking visual representation; notes on the folklorist and photographer Nils Keyland
Authors: Garnert Jan 
Published: August 2018

The camera is a paradoxical instrument. It records, generally speaking, truthfully what is in focus, but it is the photographer who chooses what should be in focus. Therefore, in a sense, any photograph is nothing but a construction by the photographer. This paradox is of some importance to folklorists, ethnologists, and museum curators, I believe, as photographs often play an important part in our fieldwork, as source material in our archives, and as interpretive elements in our exhibitions. Photographs are taken, kept and archived because they are considered to represent valuable meanings for a folkloristic and ethnological understanding of culture and cultural history. At least we usually treat them in our research and in our writings as if they represent important fields of research interests.But, as with every source material, be it interviews, narratives, literary sources or whatever, photographs need to be carefully examined and evaluated. What do they represent? In this article I will discuss the question of representation, using as an example the photographs taken in the early 20th century by Nils Keyland, folklorist and curator at the Nordiska Museet and Skansen in Stockholm.
Den naturhistoriske samling og forskningen
Authors: Kristensen Niels P. 
Published: August 2018

Natural history collections and research Among the research activities linked to natural history collections, biological systematics stands out for the topicality conferred upon it by growing concern over the biodiversity crisis. Systematic biologists, most of whom work in natural history museums, are faced with the task of naming and describing/redescribing millions of undescribed or poorly described organisms from rapidly dwindling natural habitats, and of classifying the known organisms according to their phylogenetic affinities, so that all kinds of biological information on all kinds of organisms may be pieced together into coherent patterns.
Klassikeren: Folkemuseene i utlandet og det fremtidige "Musée français des arts et traditions populaires"
Authors: Rivière Georges-Henri 
Published: August 2018

Følgende artikkel ble skrevet av GHR i 1936. Han hadde da i 7 år vart underdirektør ved Musee d'Ethnographie du Trocadéro i Paris, og arbeidet med omorganiseringen av dette museet, som i 1937 skulle gjenoppsta som Musee de l'Homme. Han planla samtidig, bl.a. under inspirasjon av de nordiske folkemuseene, løsrivelsen av museets franske avdeling og opprettelsen av et eget fransk folkemuseum, det fremtidige Musee National des Arts et Traditions populaires.Teksten inneholder hovedelementene av den museologiske filosofi som kjennetegner GHRs arbeid. Den beskriver et program for utviklingen av folkemuseene i Frankrike, som GHR gjennom mange vanskeligheter og med mer eller mindre hell, forsøkte gjennomføre under resten av sitt liv.Oversettelsen er ved Marc Maure.
Men er det sant? Et bredt forsvar for at man kan og bør diskutere sannhetsinnholdet i religioner og livssyn
Authors: Søvik Atle Ottesen 
Published: August 2018

Burde det gis mer plass i religionsundervisningen til å diskutere hvorvidt påstander som hevdes i religioner og livssyn, er sanne? Denne artikkelen argumenterer for at elever både kan og bør diskutere sannheten i religioner og livssyn i større omfang enn det gjøres i dag. Fremgangsmåten er å gi en bred, samlet begrunnelse for dette, og artikkelen tar for seg fem typer innvendinger: epistemologiske, religionsvitenskapelige, pedagogiske, etiske og praktiske. De epistemologiske og religionsvitenskapelige innvendingene handler hovedsakelig om at man ikke (med rimelighet) kan diskutere religioners og livssyns sannhet, mens de øvrige argumentene hovedsakelig handler om at man ikke bør gjøre det.Nøkkelord: Sannhetsspørsmål i religionsundervisning; religionskritikkAbstract:Should religious education give more space to discuss whether claims made in religions and worldviews are true? This article argues that pupils both can and should discuss the truth of religions and worldviews to a larger extent than what is done today. It proceeds by offering a comprehensive justification for this claim, discussing five kinds of objections: epistemological, religious, pedagogical, ethical and practical. The objections from epistemology and religious studies are mainly that one cannot justifiably discuss the truth of religions and worldviews, while the other objections are mainly that one should not.Key words: Questions of truth in religious education; critique of religion
Red‐Light‐Controlled Release of Drug–Ru Complex Conjugates from Metallopolymer Micelles for Phototherapy in Hypoxic Tumor Environments
Authors: Sun Wen , Wen Yan , Thiramanas Raweewan , Chen Mingjia , Han Jianxiong , Gong Ningqiang , Wagner Manfred , Jiang Shuai , Meijer Michael S. , Bonnet Sylvestre , Butt Hans‐Jürgen , Mailänder Volker , Liang Xing‐Jie , Wu Si 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTraditional photodynamic phototherapy is not efficient for anticancer treatment because solid tumors have a hypoxic microenvironment. The development of photoactivated chemotherapy based on photoresponsive polymers that can be activated by light in the “therapeutic window” would enable new approaches for basic research and allow for anticancer phototherapy in hypoxic conditions. This work synthesizes a novel Ru‐containing block copolymer for photoactivated chemotherapy in hypoxic tumor environment. The polymer has a hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) block and a hydrophobic Ru‐containing block, which contains red‐light‐cleavable (650–680 nm) drug–Ru complex conjugates. The block copolymer self‐assembles into micelles, which can be efficiently taken up by cancer cells. Red light induces release of the drug–Ru complex conjugates from the micelles and this process is oxygen independent. The released conjugates inhibit tumor cell growth even in hypoxic tumor environment. Furthermore, the Ru‐containing polymer for photoactivated chemotherapy in a tumor‐bearing mouse model is applied. Photoactivated chemotherapy of the polymer micelles demonstrates efficient tumor growth inhibition. In addition, the polymer micelles do not cause any toxic side effects to mice during the treatment, demonstrating good biocompatibility of the system to the blood and healthy tissues. The novel red‐light‐responsive Ru‐containing polymer provides a new platform for phototherapy against hypoxic tumors.
The Design and Electromagnetic‐Wave‐Absorbing Performance of a Broadband Four‐Layer Absorbing Composite
Authors: Shi Yunan , Wu Xiangyi , Qiu Jun 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA four‐layer absorbing composite on millimeter scale is designed containing an absorbent with multilayer‐like structure on the microscale. In this four‐layer absorbing composite, epoxy resin acts as transparent layer, the multilayer‐like structure absorbent serves as the main absorbing layer; graphene/Ni composite acts as an impedance matching layer; and Fe3O4 nanoparticles serve as a magnetic‐loss absorbing layer. The reflection loss of the composites is simulated with CST Microwave Studio, and the absorbency of the composites is discussed in detail when the thickness of each layer is changed. The results show that when the thicknesses of the transparent layer, main absorbing layer, impedance matching layer, and magnetic‐loss absorbing layer are 2.5, 2, 1.5, and 2 mm, respectively, the minimum reflection loss of the composite is −51.7 dB, the bandwidth below −10 dB reaches 11.82 GHz, and the density of the composite is nearly 1.9 g cm−3. Therefore, this new four‐layer absorbing composite possesses strong absorbency, broad absorbing bandwidth, thin thickness, and light weight. Thus, a new way to the development of multilayer absorbing composites is presented.
Microscopic Features of Bosonic Quantum Transport and Entropy Production
Authors: Mintchev Mihail , Santoni Luca , Sorba Paul 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe microscopic features of bosonic quantum transport in a nonequilibrium steady state, which breaks time reversal invariance spontaneously, are investigated. The analysis is based on the probability distributions, generated by the correlation functions of the particle current and the entropy production operator. The general approach is applied to an exactly solvable model with a point‐like interaction driving the system away from equilibrium. The quantum fluctuations of the particle current and the entropy production are explicitly evaluated in the zero frequency limit. It is shown that all moments of the entropy production distribution are non‐negative, which provides a microscopic version of the second law of thermodynamics. On this basis a concept of efficiency, taking into account all quantum fluctuations, is proposed and analyzed. The role of the quantum statistics in this context is also discussed.
Kopplung von hoch‐ und niederfrequenten Schwingungsmoden in organisch‐anorganischen Perowskiten
Authors: Grechko Maksim , Bretschneider Simon A. , Vietze Laura , Kim Heejae , Bonn Mischa 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDas Zusammenspiel elektronischer und nuklearer Freiheitsgrade in halbleitenden, organisch‐anorganischen Hybrid‐Perowskiten bestimmt viele ihrer grundlegenden photophysikalischen Eigenschaften. Photoinduzierte Ladungsträger polarisieren lokal das Gitter. Analog zur Schwingung des Kristallgitters kann die lokale Polarisation durch ein Quasipartikel beschrieben werden, das Polaron. Es vereint infolge der lokalen Verzerrung des Kristallgitters die delokalisierten Gitterschwingungen (Phononen) und lokale Molekülschwingungen. Durch die Interaktion der beiden Schwingungstypen eröffnen sich neue Möglichkeiten, überschüssige Energie von photoinduzierten Ladungsträgern zu dissipieren. Die Kopplung verschiedenartiger Kernbewegungen in kombinierten Schwingungsmoden erfordert eine starke Interaktion der einzelnen Schwingungsmoden. Erstmals wurde die direkte Kopplung hochfrequenter NH‐Streckmoden der organischen Kationen und niederfrequenter Moden des anorganischen Bleiiodidgitters in organisch‐anorganischen Hybrid‐Perowskiten beobachtet. Die Messungen zeigen die Relevanz der Kopplung zwischen den nichtkovalent wechselwirkenden organischen und anorganischen Untergittern.
Total Synthesis of Asperchalasines A, D, E, and H
Authors: Long Xianwen , Ding Yiming , Deng Jun 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe first total syntheses of the cytochalasan dimers asperchalasines A, D, E, and H have been accomplished. The key steps of the synthesis include a highly stereoselective intermolecular Diels–Alder reaction and a Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons macrocyclization to establish the key monomer aspochalasin B, and an intermolecular Diels–Alder reaction followed by a biomimetic oxidative heterodimerization by 5+2 cycloaddition to furnish asperchalasine A. The synthetic efforts provide insight into the biosynthetic pathway of cytochalasan dimers and enables the further study of their biological properties.
Auto‐regulated Protein Assembly on a Supramolecular Scaffold
Authors: Rennie Martin L. , Fox Gavin C. , Pérez Javier , Crowley Peter B. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractControlled protein assembly provides a means to regulate function. Supramolecular building blocks, including rigid macrocycles, are versatile triggers of protein assembly. Now it is shown that sulfonato‐calix[8]arene (sclx8) mediates the formation of cytochrome c tetramers in solution. This tetramer spontaneously disassembles at ≥2 equivalents of sclx8, providing a remarkable example of auto‐regulation. Using X‐ray crystallography the sclx8 binding sites on cytochrome c were characterized. Crystal structures at different protein–ligand ratios reveal varying degrees (up to 35 %) of protein surface coverage by the flexible calixarene and suggest a mechanism for oligomer disassembly. The solution structure of the oligomer was characterized by small‐angle X‐ray scattering. Overall, the data indicate calixarene‐controlled protein assembly and disassembly without the requirement for a competitive inhibitor, and point to protein encapsulation by a flexible macrocycle.
An indigenous psychology perspective on psychosocial support in Southern Africa as collective, networking, and pragmatic support
Authors: Ebersöhn Liesel , Loots Tilda , Mampane Ruth , Omidire Funke , Malan‐Van Rooyen Marlize , Sefotho Maximus , Nthontho Maitumeleng 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis comparative case study seeks to describe the traditional African psychosocial support practices used in postcolonial Southern Africa. We use an indigenous psychology theory (relationship‐resourced resilience) as a theoretical lens to understand and supplement dominant Western discourses on psychosocial support. Seven Southern African communities with high need and indigenous belief systems were conveniently sampled. Participatory reflection and action methods were used to generate data from a snowball sample of individuals with a dominant African home language and who demonstrated significant vulnerability (n = 430: elders = 240; youth = 190; men = 150; and women = 280). Focus groups were audio‐recorded and their speech transcribed. Observation data were documented in photographs. After in‐case and cross‐case analysis, we found that psychosocial support was collective, pragmatic, and capitalised on networking. The psychosocial support strategies expand insight into the indigenous psychology theory on collective resilience. The intentional description of robust non‐Western psychosocial support practices, continued to be used by elders and young people in rural and urban spaces in Southern Africa, establishes that endemic practices exist in lieu of policy‐level support to provide much‐need services given frequent and intense need. Knowledge of the way in which psychosocial support is commonly provided affords an opportunity to graft development initiatives onto that which has withstood adversity, rather than reimagining interventions.
One‐pot Synthesis of 1,3‐Butadiene and 1,6‐Hexanediol Derivatives from Cyclopentadiene (CPD) via Tandem Olefin Metathesis Reactions
Authors: Turczel Gábor , Kovács Ervin , Csizmadia Eszter , Nagy Tibor , Tóth Imre , Tuba Robert 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA novel tandem reaction of cyclopentadiene leading to high value linear chemicals via ruthenium catalyzed ring opening cross metathesis (ROCM), followed by cross metathesis (CM) is reported. The ROCM of cyclopentadiene (CPD) with ethylene using commercially available 2nd gen. Grubbs metathesis catalysts (1‐G2) gives 1,3‐butadiene (BD) and 1,4‐pentadiene (2) (and 1,4‐cyclohexadiene (3)) with reasonable yields (up to 24 % (BD) and 67 % (2+3) at 73 % CPD conversion) at 1–5 mol % catalyst loading in toluene solution (5 V% CPD, 10 bar, RT) in an equilibrium reaction. The ROCM of CPD with cis‐butene diol diacetate (4) using 1.00 ‐ 0.05 mol % of 3rd gen. Grubbs (1‐G3) or 2nd gen. Hoveyda‐Grubbs (1‐HG2) catalysts loading gives hexa‐2,4‐diene‐1,6‐diyl diacetate (5), which is a precursor of 1,6‐hexanediol (an intermediate in polyurethane, polyester and polyol synthesis) and hepta‐2,5‐diene‐1,7‐diyl diacetate (6) in good yield (up to 68 % or TON: 1180). Thus, convenient and selective synthetic procedures are revealed by ROCM of CPD with ethylene and 4 leading to BD and 1,6‐hexanediol precursor, respectively, as key components of commercial intermediates of high‐performance materials.
Asymmetric Reactions involving Lewis Base Catalyst Tethered Dearomatized Intermediates
Authors: Xiao Ben‐Xian , Gao Xin‐Yue , Du Wei , Chen Ying‐Chun 
Published: August 2018

AbstractNumerous protocols have been developed for the functionalization of aromatic substances. Among them, the strategy by which aromatic substrates are activated in situ to generate dearomatized intermediates is highly efficient but challenging, especially in the field of asymmetric catalysis. In this Concept article, the application of some well‐established chiral Lewis base catalysis, including primary/secondary amines and N‐heterocyclic carbenes, that can covalently form catalyst‐tethered dearomatized ortho/para‐quinodimethane species with diverse heteroaryl and aryl carbonyl substrates is summarized in a number of asymmetric cycloaddition and addition reactions with diverse reagents generally having electrophilic properties. As a result, a variety of enantioenriched aromatic products with higher molecular complexity are constructed effectively through a rearomatization process.
Pt9Ni Wavelike Nanowires with High Activity for Oxygen Reduction Reactions
Authors: Lv Pengfei , Jin Benjin , Mei Chao , Zhou Huang , Yuan Tongwei , Li Zhijun , He Hui , Shen Xiaoshuang , Hong Xun 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPlatinum (Pt)‐based nanostructures are the most efficient catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in acid media. Here, Pt9Ni wavelike nanowires (W‐NWs) have been synthesized by etching Pt3Ni@PtNi2 core–shell nanowires with 2,5‐dihydroxyterephthalic acid for 24 hours. Compared to the commercial Pt/C catalyst, the free‐standing Pt9Ni W‐NWs show improvements of up to 9.3 times for mass activity and 12.6 times for specific activity, respectively.
Development of a numerical approach based on coupled CFD/FEM analysis for virtual fire resistance tests—Part A: Thermal analysis of the gas phase combustion and different test specimens
Authors: Prieler Rene , Mayrhofer Markus , Eichhorn‐Gruber Markus , Schwabegger Günther , Hochenauer Christoph 
Published: August 2018

SummaryIn the present two‐parted study, a numerical approach is shown to consider fire resistance tests in virtual space, including the combustion, thermal analysis of the test specimen, and the deformation process. This part is dealing with the combustion process and thermal analysis of different building materials tested in a fire resistance furnace. Instead of using coupled computational fluid dynamics (CFD)/finite element method simulation for the combustion and thermal heat conduction in the solid, which is commonly used in literature, the present approach considers these transport phenomena in one CFD simulation. This method enables a two‐way coupling between the gas phase and the solid material, where chemical reactions and the release of volatile components into the gas phase can occur (eg, release of water vapour from gypsum). To validate the numerical model, a fire resistance test of a steel door, which is a multilayer construction, and a wall made of gypsum blocks were experimentally and numerically investigated. Due to the chemical reactions inside the gypsum, water vapour is released to the gas phase reducing the flue gas temperature about 80 K. This effect was taken into account using a two‐way coupling in the CFD model, which predicted temperatures in close accordance to the measurement.
Measuring incident heat flux and adiabatic surface temperature with plate thermometers in ambient and high temperatures
Authors: Wickström Ulf , Anderson Johan , Sjöström Johan 
Published: August 2018

SummaryA new more insulated and faster responding plate thermometer (PT) is introduced, which has been developed for measurements particularly in air at ambient temperature. It is a cheaper and more practical alternative to water‐cooled heat flux meters (HFMs). The theory and use of PTs measuring incident radiation heat flux and adiabatic surface temperature are presented. Comparisons of measurements with PTs and HFMs are made. Finally, it is concluded that incident radiation in ambient air can be measured with HFMs as well as with the new insulated type of PT. In hot gases and flames, however, only PTs can be recommended. At elevated gas temperatures, convection makes measurements with HFMs difficult to interpret and use for calculations. However, they can be used in standard or well‐defined configurations for comparisons.
Valuable information in early sales proxies: The use of Google search ranks in portfolio optimization
Authors: Kupfer Alexander , Zorn Josef 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe extract information on relative shopping interest from Google search volume and provide a genuine and economically meaningful approach to directly incorporate these data into a portfolio optimization technique. By generating a firm ranking based on a Google search volume metric, we can predict future sales and thus generate excess returns in a portfolio exercise. The higher the (shopping) search volume for a firm, the higher we rank the company in the optimization process. For a sample of firms in the fashion industry, our results demonstrate that shopping interest exhibits predictive content that can be exploited in a real‐time portfolio strategy yielding robust alphas around 5.5%.