bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Securing Prison through Human Rights: Unanticipated Implications of Rights‐Based Penal Governance
Authors: ARMSTRONG SARAH 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHuman rights are a dominant framework for regulating prisons. However, there is little critical interrogation of human rights as they are actually translated into tools for governance. This article develops a critique of human rights by analysing and considering policy as a means of realising rights. It urges sustained and ethnographic attention to policy settings, arguing that policy exerts a form of agency. The article revisits critical criminological claims that reform expands penal control, examining this specifically in the context of human rights governance of prisons. To do so, it draws on the anthropology of policy and science and technology studies (STS) suggesting that these fields offer useful tools and insights in the study of policy. In the final part the discussion turns to three examples of human rights issues in the Scottish penal context to problematise rights‐driven penal policy and suggest directions for research.
On the Unity of the Trinity's External Works: Archaeology and Grammar
Authors: Wittman Tyler R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe rule that opera Trinitatis ad extra indivisa sunt, servato ordine et discrimine personarum is best understood when its two clauses are read together as mutually informative. Read thus, and grasped according to its principles and grammar, the rule articulates two things: the pure benefit of God's activity terminating in time, and the intimate yet unconfused relation between theology and economy.
Syrian Refugees Living on the Edge: Policy and Practice Implications for Mental Health and Psychosocial Wellbeing
Authors: Cantekin Duygu 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis qualitative study aims to explore the difficulties experienced by Syrian refugees living in the camps of Turkey in the pre‐migration and post‐migration environment and the impacts thereof on their mental wellbeing. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with Syrian refugees living in three different camps on the Syrian border of Turkey. Syrian refugees were highly exposed to traumatic events in the pre‐migration period, including armed conflicts, human rights violations, and social and economic devastation. Participants reported a wide range of difficulties in the post‐migration environment, including separation from and loss of close ones, camp difficulties, gender‐based, adaptational and economic adversities. They reported a number of psychological and social effects of these pre‐migration and post‐migration difficulties. The implications of the findings are discussed and recommendations are made concerning the necessity of a rights‐based approach to policies and interventions for mental health and psychosocial wellbeing of Syrian refugees.
Electrochemical and mechanical stability of LixLa0.557TiO3‐δ perovskite electrolyte at various voltages
Authors: Hu Xitao , Yan Gang , Cheng Xu , Malzbender Jürgen , Qiang Wenjiang , Huang Bingxin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPerovskite LixLa0.557TiO3 electrolytes in all‐solid‐state lithium batteries are operated under a voltage gradient, which potentially induces the electrochemical and mechanical instability. To simulate the properties of LixLa0.557TiO3 (LLTO) under application relevant conditions, samples are charged (or discharged) to 0.2 V, 3.2 V, 4.0 V, and 4.5 V, respectively. The Li ion conductivity is 9.55 × 10−5 S/cm at 3.2 V and decreases obviously to 2.54 × 10−5 S/cm as the voltage increases to 4.5 V, whereas the value of the LLTO‐0.2 V is between that of LLTO‐3.2 V and LLTO‐4.0 V. In terms of mechanical behavior, elastic modulus (E), hardness (H), and fracture toughness (KIC) of LLTO operated at different voltages are also tested using depth‐sensitive indentation. The results can be used in the designing, monitoring and also improving of the battery cells.
Microstructural comparison of the AH3 phase in the hydration of three structural modifications of ye'elimite
Authors: Zhang Yangyang , Chang Jun , Zhao Jiuye 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis paper investigated the hydration and formation of the AH3 phase in three structural modifications of ye'elimite (namely, ss‐ye'elimite, Sr‐ye'elimite, and Ba‐ye'elimite). Three structural modifications of ye'elimite were synthesized, and their reactions with water were studied. The similarities and differences of the microstructure of the final AH3 phase formed during the hydration of different structural modifications of ye'elimite were investigated using a multitechnique approach. The crystal structure of three structural modifications of ye'elimite had an important influence on the kinetics of the reaction. The AH3 phases formed from ss‐ and Sr‐ye'elimite pastes were nanocrystalline, whereas the AH3 phases formed in Ba‐ye'elimite pastes were microcrystalline. The distinct microstructures of the AH3 phase in three structural modifications of ye'elimite had been investigated by the amount, composition, and crystal size of the AH3 phase.
Physical activity detection in patients with intracardiac leadless pacemaker
Authors: Bari Zsolt , Vamos Mate , Bogyi Peter , Reynolds Dwight , Sheldon Todd , Fagan Dedra H. , Duray Gabor Zoltan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe Micra Transcatheter Pacing System provides a rate adaptive pacing using an individually programmable three‐axis accelerometer. We evaluated the short‐ and mid‐term performance of the Micra activity sensor by testing all three available activity vectors during the exercise tests.Methods and ResultsImplantation and follow‐up data were prospectively collected from the patients undergoing Micra implantation at our institution. Patients underwent a 5‐minute exercise test for each vector at predischarge (initial testing) and at scheduled in‐office visits (repeat testing). On the basis of measurements of activity counts during the test, vectors were categorized to be adequate (excellent or acceptable) or poor.A total of 278 tests with 818 vector measurements were analyzed in 51 patients during follow‐up (median duration was 18 months). Initial testing revealed the adequate quality of the nominal Vector 1 in 74.5% of the patients. Upon repeated testing at subsequent in‐office visits, Vectors 1 and 3 were comparable (adequate quality in 64.7% vs 68.6% of the patients; P = 0.65) but better compared with Vector 2 (51.0%;
P = 0.10 vs Vector 1,
P = 0.01 vs Vector 3). In a subgroup of 45 patients programmed to VVIR mode, Vector 1 was selected in 46.7% of the patients after the initial test (Vector 2, 8.9%; Vector 3, 44.4%). Vector change was performed in 10 patients (22.2%) following repeated tests within 3 months of postimplantation.ConclusionThe three‐axis accelerometer‐based rate adaptive pacing feature proved to be feasible after manual selection of an adequate activity vector. Vector testing in Micra patients with chronotropic incompetence appears to be beneficial compared with the use of nominal Vector 1.
Selecting optimal mixtures of natural sweeteners for carbonated soft drinks through multi‐objective decision modeling and sensory validation
Authors: Acevedo Waldo , Capitaine Chloé , Rodríguez Ricardo , Araya‐Durán Ingrid , González‐Nilo Fernando , Pérez‐Correa José R. , Agosin Eduardo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe objective of this study was to develop a methodology to optimize mixtures of natural, noncaloric sweeteners—with the highest sweetness and the lowest bitterness—for carbonated soft drinks. To this end, and with the aid of a trained sensory panel, we first determined the most suitable mixtures of tagatose, sucrose, and stevia in a soft drink matrix, using a three‐component simplex lattice mixture design. Then, we developed a multi‐objective thermodynamically‐based decision model to this purpose. Results indicate that both, sucrose and tagatose, were able to reduce stevia's bitterness. However, an increase of bitterness intensity was found above 0.23 g/L of stevia (sucrose equivalency or SE >5). Both, sensory analysis and multi‐objective decision modeling identified similar optimal mixtures, corresponding to 23–39 g/L sucrose, 0.19–0.34 g/L stevia, and 34–42 g/L tagatose, depending on the desired sweetness/bitterness balance. Within this constrained area, a reduction of almost 60% of sucrose can be achieved in both approaches, keeping bitterness intensity low.Practical applicationsCurrent demand of low‐calorie beverages has significantly raised as a result of consumer concerns on the negative effects of refined sugars present in carbonated soft drinks. Consequently, natural sweeteners, and their mixtures, are being increasingly used for these product developments. This study provides a methodology to optimize mixtures of natural, noncaloric sweeteners for preparing carbonated soft drinks with the lowest possible caloric content, while maintaining the tastiness—high sweetness and low bitterness—of full caloric ones, containing the bulk sweetener tagatose and the high‐intensity sweetener stevia.
The Role of Experts and Scholars in Community Conflict Resolution: A Comparative Analysis of Two Cases in China
Authors: Yang Lihua 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this article, I draw from two case studies to explore the role of experts and scholars (ES), as a special third party, in community conflict resolution in contemporary China. Findings include that local ES are more likely to play the roles as leaders, organizers of farmers, and as agents of government. Nonlocal ES are more likely to play the roles as information providers and as pure self‐interest pursuers. This study also reveals that, although their knowledge and information are important, knowledge and information are only preconditions for ES's participation. Their social capital–rather than the knowledge and information they possess–differentiates the effectiveness of their participation in governance and the facilitation of community conflict resolution. Local ES with high social capital are more effective in governance and facilitating community conflict resolution than nonlocal ES without high social capital.
Persistent seed banking as eco‐evolutionary determinant of plant nucleotide diversity: novel population genetics insights
Authors: Tellier Aurélien 
Published: September 2018

Contents

Summary
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I.
Introduction
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II.
Seed banks decrease the population extinction rate
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Seed banks define the effective population size
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Seed banks affect the mutation rate
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Seed banks affect the effective recombination rate
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VI.
Seed banks influence the rate and signatures of natural selection
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VII.
Conclusion
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Acknowledgements
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References
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SummaryLong‐term persistent seed banking is a common temporal bet‐hedging strategy in plants to adapt to unpredictable environments. The population genomics perspective developed in this article suggests that seed banking determines plant nucleotide diversity by decreasing the rate of genetic drift and the effect of linked selection while increasing mutational input. As a result, persistent seed banks are important factors determining the magnitude of the discrepancy between the census size of the above‐ground plant population and its genetic diversity, an effect known as the Lewontin paradox. The theoretical population genetics predictions presented here can be tested by combining genome‐wide polymorphism data with ecological studies of dormancy.
Artificial ventilation during transport: A randomized crossover study of manual resuscitators with comparison to mechanical ventilators in a simulation model
Authors: Lucy Malcolm J. , Gamble Jonathan J. , Peeling Andrew , Lam Jimmy T.H. , Balbuena Lloyd 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundPositive‐pressure ventilation in critically ill patients is commonly administered via a manual resuscitation device or a mechanical ventilator during transport. Our group previously compared delivered ventilation parameters between a self‐inflating resuscitator and a flow‐inflating resuscitator during simulated in‐hospital pediatric transport. However, unequal group access to inline pressure manometry may have biased our results. In this study, we examined the performance of the self‐inflating resuscitator and the flow‐inflating resuscitator, both equipped with inline manometry, and several mechanical ventilators to deliver prescribed ventilation parameters during simulated pediatric transport.MethodsThirty anesthesia providers were randomized to initial resuscitator device used to hand ventilate a test lung. The resuscitators studied were a Jackson‐Rees circuit (flow‐inflating resuscitator) or a Laerdal pediatric silicone resuscitator (self‐inflating resuscitator), both employing manometers. The scenario was repeated using several mechanical transport ventilators (Hamilton‐T1, LTV® 1000, and LTV® 1200). The primary outcome was the proportion of total breaths delivered within the predefined target PIP/PEEP range (30 ± 3, 10 ± 3 cm H2O).ResultsThe Hamilton‐T1 outperformed the other ventilators for breaths in the recommended range (χ2 = 2284, df = 2, P < .001) and with no breaths in the unacceptable range (χ2 = 2333, df = 2, P < .001). Hamilton‐T1 also outperformed all human providers in proportion of delivered acceptable and unacceptable breaths (χ2 = 4540, df = 3, P < .001 and χ2 = 639, df = 3, P < .001, respectively).Compared with the flow‐inflating resuscitator, the self‐inflating resuscitator was associated with greater odds of breaths falling outside the recommended range (Odds ratio (95% CI): 1.81 (1.51‐2.17)) or unacceptable (Odds ratio (95% CI): 1.63 (1.48‐1.81)).ConclusionThis study demonstrates that a majority of breaths delivered by manual resuscitation device fall outside of target range regardless of provider experience or device type. The mechanical ventilator (Hamilton‐T1) outperforms the other positive‐pressure ventilation methods with respect to delivery of important ventilation parameters. In contrast, 100% of breaths delivered by the LTV 1200 were deemed unacceptable.
Individual experiences of psychological‐based interventions for bipolar disorder: A systematic review and thematic synthesis
Authors: Davenport Kelly , Hardy Gillian , Tai Sara , Mansell Warren 
Published: September 2018

PurposeTo conduct a thematic synthesis to evaluate qualitative studies exploring individuals’ experiences of psychological‐based interventions for bipolar disorder (BD).MethodA systematic search of relevant databases (Web of Science, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, CINAHL) was conducted using predefined search terms related to ‘Bipolar’ ‘Qualitative method’, ‘Psychological‐based interventions’ and ‘Adults’. Studies meeting the inclusion criteria were selected and were then evaluated using established quality appraisal criteria. A thematic synthesis was used to synthesize the findings.ResultsFrom the thematic synthesis, nine analytical themes were derived from the 10 identified research studies. These were helpful and unhelpful aspects of the intervention, increased knowledge of BD, mood recognition, control of moods, change of perspective, mood stability, empowerment, improved relationships and lifestyle changes.ConclusionsFindings from the review suggest there were characteristics of psychological‐based interventions that individuals with BD valued and which helped facilitate areas of positive change, such as feeling empowered and in control of their moods and other aspects of their lives. However, there were also elements that individuals did not find as helpful and therefore reflects the challenge of a one‐size‐fits‐all model or plan of interventions, compared to a wider recognition of the individuals as being the agent of their recovery. Future qualitative research is needed to explore individual experiences across a range of psychological interventions, in order to further understand the therapeutic processes, which may facilitate recovery.Practitioner points

Psychological‐based interventions for BD need to consider facilitating and measuring empowerment in individuals, rather than focusing just on mood stability.

Clinicians with expertise and knowledge in BD should provide timely information to individuals and their families to help increase their understanding of the diagnosis.
Cream Skimming: Innovations in Insurance Risk Classification and Adverse Selection
Authors: Cather David A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe demonstrate how innovations in insurance risk classification can lead to adverse selection, or cream skimming, against insurers that are slow to adopt such pricing innovations. Using a model in which insurers with insufficient pricing data cannot differentiate between low‐ and high‐risk policyholders and therefore charge both the same premium, we show how innovative insurers develop new risk classification data to identify overcharged low‐risk policyholders and attract them from rival insurers with reduced prices. Less innovative insurers thus insure a growing percentage of high‐risk customers, resulting in adverse selection attributable to their informational disadvantage. Next, we examine two cases in which “Big Data” innovations in risk classification led to concerns about cream skimming among U.S. auto insurers. First, we track the rapid adoption of credit‐based insurance scores as pricing variables in personal auto insurance markets. Second, we examine the growing popularity of usage‐based insurance programs like telematics, plans in which insurers use data on policyholders’ actual driving behavior to set prices that attract low‐risk customers. Issues associated with the execution of such pricing strategies are discussed. In both cases, we document how rival insurers quickly adopt successful innovations to reduce their exposure to adverse selection.
Phylogeny of Evanioidea (Hymenoptera, Apocrita), with descriptions of new Mesozoic species from China and Myanmar
Authors: Li Longfeng , Rasnitsyn Alexandr P. , Shih Chungkun , Labandeira Conrad C. , Buffington Matthew , Li Daqing , Ren Dong 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe phylogeny of the superfamily Evanioidea is presented using morphology and DNA sequence data of selected extant and fossil genera by employing two phylogenetic methods, maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference. Based on our new results, the monophyly of Evanioidea is corroborated. Evanioidea, Anomopterellidae, Othniodellithidae, Andreneliidae and Evaniidae are monophyletic families, while Praeaulacidae, Aulacidae, Baissidae and Gasteruptiidae are paraphyletic families. In addition, four new genera (Sinuevaniagen.n.,Curtevaniagen.n.,Exilaulacusgen.n.,Heterobaissagen.n.) with five new species (Sinuevania mirasp.n.,Curtevania enerviasp.n.,Exilaulacus loculatussp.n.,Exilaulacus latussp.n.,Heterobaissa apetiolasp.n.), and five additionally new species (Newjersevania longasp.n.,Newjersevania brevissp.n.,Cretevania tenuissp.n.,Cretevania venaesp.n.,Praeaulacus rectussp.n.) and one new combination [Cretevania mitis(Li, Shih & Ren, 2014a)comb.n.] are described based on well‐preserved fossils from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation in Inner Mongolia, China, the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation in Liaoning, and mid‐Cretaceous amber from Myanmar. This study documents the diversification of one major lineage of the mid‐Mesozoic parasitoid revolution that dramatically changed food‐web relationships in terrestrial ecosystems.This published work has been registered in ZooBank,http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:CBC04ADA‐0176‐402D‐9B43‐E1B3CDA080E1.
Ergative as Perfective Oblique
Authors: Bjorkman Bronwyn M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMany languages with ergative systems of case or agreement exhibitsplitsin their alignment. Viewpoint aspect is a common basis for such splits, with perfective aspect often associated with ergative alignment and imperfective with the absence of ergativity (Moravcsik, Silverstein). Recent work has argued that splits arise from properties of the imperfective that disrupt otherwise‐available mechanisms of ergative alignment (Laka, Coon). This article argues rather that the perfective can be asourceof ergative case, and specifically that ergative alignment in Hindi‐Urdu arises from the intersection of two different ways of expressing perfective aspect, each attested independently in other languages: the first is the use of oblique case to mark perfect or perfective subjects, while the second is a morphosyntactic sensitivity to transitivity, a hallmark of auxiliary selection in Germanic and Romance languages. The result is a more unified view of the morphosyntax of perfective aspect, though at the cost of a nonunified account of aspectually split ergativity.
New England BK consortium: Regional survey of BK screening and management protocols in comparison to published consensus guidelines
Authors: Gabardi Steven , Pavlakis Martha , Tan Chen , Francis Jean , Cardarelli Francesca , Asch William , Bodziak Kenneth , Chobanian Michael , Gilligan Hannah , Gohh Reginald , Kung Shiang‐Cheng , Inker Lesley , Martin Spencer , Rodig Nancy , Rossi Ana , Chandraker Anil 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIntroductionBK polyomavirus (BKPyV) continues to impact renal transplant recipients (RTR). The New England BK Consortium aims to jointly optimize screening and management of BKPyV.MethodsOur first project was to survey centers’ BKPyV screening protocols and compare them to consensus guidelines.ResultsThirteen of 15 centers (86.7%) returned the survey. Only two center reported using monitoring parameters that were in line with consensus guidelines for BKPyV screening, while the majority of centers reported less intensive methods and shorter duration. One center reported performing renal biopsies in all patients with plasma viral loads >10 000 copies/mL, while all other centers only perform for‐cause biopsies. For presumptive nephropathy, 11 centers recommend a biopsy for confirmation. For management of documented BKPyV‐associated nephropathy, 12 centers propose further immunosuppression reduction. Nine centers report CNI dose reduction as their primary treatment. More than half of centers surveyed reported use of leflunomide, cidofovir or intravenous immunoglobulin.ConclusionsThere was a large variance in BKPyV screening and management strategies among centers. Due to these results, all participating centers agreed to implement uniform screening and aim to optimize management protocols.