bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Burden of Invasive Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections in Nursing Home Residents
Authors: Grigg Cheri , Palms Danielle , Stone Nimalie D. , Gualandi Nicole , Bamberg Wendy , Dumyati Ghinwa , Harrison Lee H. , Lynfield Ruth , Nadle Joelle , Petit Susan , Ray Susan , Schaffner William , Townes John , See Isaac 
Published: August 2018

ObjectivesTo describe the epidemiology and incidence of invasive methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in nursing home (NH) residents, which has previously not been well characterized.DesignRetrospective analysis of public health surveillance data.SettingHealthcare facilities in 33 U.S. counties.ParticipantsResidents of the surveillance area.MeasurementsCounts of NH‐onset and hospital‐onset (HO) invasive MRSA infections (cultured from sterile body sites) identified from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Emerging Infections Program (EIP) population‐based surveillance from 2009 to 2013 were compared. Demographic characteristics and risk factors of NH‐onset cases were analyzed. Using NH resident‐day denominators from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Skilled Nursing Facility Cost Reports, incidence of NH‐onset invasive MRSA infections from facilities in the EIP area was determined.ResultsA total of 4,607 NH‐onset and 4,344 HO invasive MRSA cases were reported. Of NH‐onset cases, median age was 74, most infections were bloodstream infections, and known risk factors for infection were common: 1,455 (32%) had previous MRSA infection or colonization, 1,014 (22%) had decubitus ulcers, 1,098 (24%) had recent central venous catheters, and 1,103 (24%) were undergoing chronic dialysis; 2,499 (54%) had been discharged from a hospital in the previous 100 days. The in‐hospital case‐fatality rate was 19%. The 2013 pooled mean incidence of NH‐onset invasive MRSA infections in the surveillance area was 2.4 per 100,000 patient‐days.ConclusionMore NH‐onset than HO cases occurred, primarily in individuals with known MRSA risk factors. These data reinforce the importance of infection prevention practices during wound and device care in NH residents, especially those with a history of MRSA infection or colonization.
Degree of Implementation of the Interventions to Reduce Acute Care Transfers (INTERACT) Quality Improvement Program Associated with Number of Hospitalizations
Authors: Huckfeldt Peter J. , Kane Robert L. , Yang Zhiyou , Engstrom Gabriella , Tappen Ruth , Rojido Carolina , Newman David , Reyes Bernardo , Ouslander Joseph G. 
Published: August 2018

ObjectivesTo determine whether degree of implementation of the Interventions to Reduce Acute Care Transfers (INTERACT) program is associated with number of hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits of skilled nursing facility (SNF) residents.DesignSecondary analysis from a randomized controlled trial.SettingSNFs from across the United States (N=264).ParticipantsTwo hundred of the SNFs from the randomized trial that provided baseline and intervention data on INTERACT use.InterventionsDuring a 12‐month period, intervention SNFs received remote training and support for INTERACT implementation; control SNFs did not, although most control facilities were using various components of the INTERACT program before and during the trial on their own.MeasurementsINTERACT use data were based on monthly self‐reports for SNFs randomized to the intervention group and pre‐ and postintervention surveys for control SNFs. Primary outcomes were rates of all‐cause hospitalizations, potentially avoidable hospitalizations (PAHs), ED visits without admission, and 30‐day hospital readmissions.ResultsThe 65 SNFs (32 intervention, 33 control) that reported increases in INTERACT use had reductions in all‐cause hospitalizations (0.427 per 1,000 resident‐days; 11.2% relative reduction from baseline, p<.001) and PAHs (0.221 per 1,000 resident‐days; 18.9% relative reduction, p<.001). The 34 SNFs (12 intervention, 22 control) that reported consistently low or moderate INTERACT use had statistically insignificant changes in hospitalizations and ED visit rates.ConclusionIncreased reported use of core INTERACT tools was associated with significantly greater reductions in all‐cause hospitalizations and PAHs in both intervention and control SNFs, suggesting that motivation and incentives to reduce hospitalizations were more important than the training and support provided in the trial in improving outcomes. Further research is needed to better understand the most effective strategies to motivate SNFs to implement and sustain quality improvement programs such as INTERACT.
Effect of Medicare Part D on Ethnoracial Disparities in Antidementia Medication Use
Authors: Lind Kimberly E. , Hildreth Kerry , Lindrooth Richard , Morrato Elaine , Crane Lori A. , Perraillon Marcelo Coca 
Published: August 2018

ObjectivesTo examine ethnoracial disparities in antidementia medication use, accounting for implementation of Part D, and to evaluate the role of prescription drug coverage as a cause of antidementia medication disparities.DesignRotating panel of Medicare beneficiaries who participated in the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey from 2003 to 2013.SettingNationally representative sample of Medicare fee‐for‐service (FFS) beneficiaries with dementia.ParticipantsCommunity‐dwelling FFS Medicare beneficiaries with dementia (N=4,304).MeasurementsAntidementia medication use, defined as at least one prescription fill in a given year.ResultsUnadjusted antidementia medication use was 10–percentage points lower for ethnoracial minority beneficiaries before Part D was implemented in 2006 (p=.01). This difference was attenuated after adjusting for demographic and socioeconomic factors (6–percentage points; p=.10). Part D was associated with a 6–percentage point increase in use (p<.01). The increase in use associated with Part D was higher although not statistically significantly so in ethnoracial minority beneficiaries (8–percentage points, p=.08). Analyses of each ethnoracial group found a significant effect of Part D only in Hispanic/Latino beneficiaries (18–percentage points; p<.01, adjusted).ConclusionAntidementia medication disparities were reduced with expanded prescription drug coverage through Medicare Part D. Increases in antidementia medication use for minority beneficiaries started after Part D was implemented, with the largest increases in use observed in Hispanic/Latino beneficiaries.
Burden of Depressive Symptoms Over 2 Decades and Risk of Nursing Home Placement in Older Women
Authors: Byers Amy L. , Lui Li‐Yung , Vittinghoff Eric , Covinsky Kenneth E. , Ensrud Kristine E. , Taylor Brent , Yaffe Kristine 
Published: August 2018

ObjectivesTo determine the association between cumulative burden of depressive symptoms and risk of nursing home (NH) placement over 2 decades.DesignProspective cohort study with data linked to Medicare claims files.SettingClinic sites in Baltimore, Maryland; Minneapolis, Minnesota; and the Monongahela Valley near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.ParticipantsInitially community‐dwelling women aged 65 and older (N=3,646).MeasurementsDepressive symptom burden was determined using the Geriatric Depression Scale measured over 18 years to calculate accumulation of burden. NH placement was determined using Medicare claims data.ResultsIn Fine‐Gray proportional hazards analyses including demographic characteristics, medical comorbidities, functional impairment, and recent depression exposure and accounting for competing risk of death, women with low depressive symptom burden were twice as likely to experience NH placement as those with minimal burden (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.92, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.16–3.20), women with moderate burden were more than twice as likely (HR = 2.62, 95% CI = 1.59–4.31), and women with high burden (HR = 3.08, 95% CI = 1.87–5.08) were three times as likely. The addition of antidepressant use to this model attenuated the risk only slightly.ConclusionIn older women, cumulative burden of depressive symptoms over nearly 2 decades is associated with greater risk of transitioning from community‐living to a NH irrespective of recent depression exposure, medical comorbidities, functional impairment, and the competing risk of death. This work supports the need for improving recognition, monitoring, and treatment of depressive symptoms early, which may reduce or delay NH placement.
Adherence to the Healthy Nordic Food Index and the incidence of acute myocardial infarction and mortality among patients with stable angina pectoris
Authors: Puaschitz N. G. , Assmus J. , Strand E. , Karlsson T. , Vinknes K. J. , Lysne V. , Drevon C. A. , Tell G. S. , Dierkes J. , Nygård O. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe Healthy Nordic Food Index (HNFI) has been associated with beneficial effects on markers of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Whether such effects are present among patients with established coronary heart disease is unknown. In the present study, we investigated the association between adherence to the HNFI and the risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (fatal or nonfatal) and death among patients with stable angina pectoris.MethodsIn the Western Norway B‐vitamin Intervention Trial, participants completed a 169‐item semi‐quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The HNFI was calculated from six food groups (fish, cabbage, apples/pears, root vegetables, whole grain bread and oatmeal), scoring 0–6. Three adherence groups were defined: 0–1 points (low), 2–3 points (medium) or 4–6 points (high). Cox regression analyses investigated associations between adherence to the HNFI and outcomes.ResultsAmong 2019 men (79.7%) and women with mean age of 61.7 years, 307 patients experienced an AMI event during a median (25th and 75th percentiles) follow‐up of 7.5 (6.3 and 8.7) years. Median follow‐up for total mortality was 10.5 (9.3 and 11.7) years; 171 patients died from CVD and 380 from any cause. No association between HNFI and the risk of AMI was detected. However, the HNFI was associated with a reduced risk of all‐cause death, both by linear estimates [hazard ratio (95% confidence interval = 0.91 (0.84–0.98)] and by comparison of the highest with the lowest adherence group [hazard ratio (95% confidence interval = 0.70 (0.52–0.95)].ConclusionsThe results of the present study suggest that a Healthy Nordic diet may reduce mortality in patients with established CVD.
The Roc‐COR tandem domain of leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 forms dimers and exhibits conventional Ras‐like GTPase properties
Authors: Mills Ryan D. , Liang Lung‐Yu , Lio Daisy Sio‐Seng , Mok Yee‐Foong , Mulhern Terrence D. , Cao George , Griffin Michael , Kenche Vijaya B. , Culvenor Janetta G. , Cheng Heung‐Chin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe Parkinson's disease (PD)‐causative leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) belongs to the Roco family of G‐proteins comprising a Ras‐of‐complex (Roc) domain followed by a C‐terminal of Roc (COR) domain in tandem (called Roc‐COR domain). Two prokaryotic Roc‐COR domains have been characterized as ‘G proteins activated by guanine nucleotide‐dependent dimerization’ (GADs), which require dimerization for activation of their GTPase activity and bind guanine nucleotides with relatively low affinities. Additionally, LRRK2 Roc domain in isolation binds guanine nucleotides with relatively low affinities. As such, LRRK2 GTPase domain was predicted to be a GAD. Herein, we describe the design and high‐level expression of human LRRK2 Roc‐COR domain (LRRK2 Roc‐COR). Biochemical analyses of LRRK2 Roc‐COR reveal that it forms homodimers, with the C‐terminal portion of COR mediating its dimerization. Furthermore, it co‐purifies and binds Mg2+GTP/GDP at 1 : 1 stoichiometry, and it hydrolyzes GTP with Km and kcat of 22 nM and 4.70 × 10−4 min−1, respectively. Thus, even though LRRK2 Roc‐COR forms GAD‐like homodimers, it exhibits conventional Ras‐like GTPase properties, with high‐affinity binding of Mg2+‐GTP/GDP and low intrinsic catalytic activity. The PD‐causative Y1699C mutation mapped to the COR domain was previously reported to reduce the GTPase activity of full‐length LRRK2. In contrast, this mutation induces no change in the GTPase activity, and only slight perturbations in the secondary structure contents of LRRK2 Roc‐COR. As this mutation does not directly affect the GTPase activity of the isolated Roc‐COR tandem, it is possible that the effects of this mutation on full‐length LRRK2 occur via other functional domains.Open PracticesOpen Science: This manuscript was awarded with the Open Materials Badge.For more information see: https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/
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Meeting patients’ spiritual needs during end‐of‐life care: A qualitative study of nurses’ and healthcare professionals’ perceptions of spiritual care training
Authors: O'Brien Mary R. , Kinloch Karen , Groves Karen E. , Jack Barbara A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore nurses’ and healthcare professionals’ perceptions of spiritual care and the impact of spiritual care training on their clinical roles.BackgroundMany nurses and healthcare professionals feel unprepared and lack confidence, competence and skills, to recognise, assess and address patients’ spiritual issues. Patients with unmet spiritual needs are at increased risk of poorer psychological outcomes, diminished quality of life and reduced sense of spiritual peace. There are implications for patient care if nurses and healthcare professionals cannot attend to patients’ spiritual needs.DesignA qualitative methodology was adopted.MethodsRecruitment was purposive. A total of 21 generalist and specialist nursing and healthcare professionals from North West and South West England, who undertook spiritual care training between 2015–2017, were recruited. Participants were required to be a minimum of 3 months posttraining. Digitally audio‐recorded semistructured interviews lasting 11–40 min were undertaken in 2016–2017. Data were subjected to thematic analysis. Ethical committee approval was obtained. COREQ reporting guidelines were utilised.ResultsTwo main themes were identified, recognising spirituality, with subthemes of what spirituality means and what matters, and supporting spiritual needs, with subthemes of recognition of spiritual distress, communication skills, not having the answers and going beyond the physical.ConclusionsSupporting patients as they approach the end of life needs a skilled workforce; acknowledging the importance of spiritual care and having skills to address it are central to delivery of best holistic care.Relevance to clinical practiceSpiritual care is as important as physical care and supporting patients spiritually as they approach the end of life is vital. Appropriately trained, nurses and healthcare professionals are better able to assess, explore and meet patients’ spiritual needs.
Dilating and fracturing side struts of open cell stents frequently used in pediatric cardiac interventions—An in vitro study
Authors: Krasemann Thomas , Kruit Marco N. , van der Mark Arthur E. , Zeggelaar Martijn , Dalinghaus Michiel , van Beynum Ingrid M. 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundOpen cell stents are frequently used in interventional therapy of congenital heart disease. Overstenting of vessel branches may necessitate strut dilation.Methods and ResultsThe strut size achievable in Bard Valeo and Cook Formula stents, and the pressure necessary to fracture struts was assessed. In addition, a self expanding stent (Optimed SinusflexDS) was also tested. With the original balloon at nominal pressure, in Valeo stents side struts could be dilated to approximately 90% of the nominal stent diameter, in Formula stents to approximately 80%. With larger high pressure woven balloons, strut size increased to approximately 125% in Valeo stents, and to approximately 105% in the Formula. Strut fracture can connect two adjoining struts. Pressures were dependent on the balloon utilized. Sidestruts of the Sinusflex could lastingly overdilated with large balloons only.ConclusionDilation and overdilation of side struts in open cell stents can be achieved. Dependent on the clinical context, the original balloon used to place the premounted stent can be used to achieve strut dilation, but woven high pressure balloons maybe safer for patients. Should a larger diameter be required, these high pressure woven balloons can achieve bigger diameters and even strut fracture.
Melatonin modulates autophagy and inflammation protecting human placental trophoblast from hypoxia/reoxygenation
Authors: Sagrillo‐Fagundes Lucas , Assunção Salustiano Eugênia M. , Ruano Rodrigo , Markus Regina P. , Vaillancourt Cathy 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMelatonin has been proposed as a possible treatment for the deleterious effects of hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R), such as autophagy, inflammation, and apoptosis. Pathological pregnancies, such as preeclampsia, are associated with placental H/R, and decreased placental melatonin synthesis as well as lower melatonin levels in the placenta and maternal plasma. However, the effects of exogenous melatonin on inflammation and autophagy induced by pregnancy complications associated with H/R await investigation. This study aimed to determine as to whether melatonin protects human primary villous trophoblasts against H/R‐induced autophagy, inflammation, and apoptosis. Human primary villous cytotrophoblasts were isolated and immunopurified from normal term placentas. These cells were then exposed or not to 1 mmol/L melatonin for 72 hour in normoxia (8% O2), thereby inducing differentiation into syncytiotrophoblast that was then exposed to H/R (0.5% O2, for 4 hour) or normoxia. H/R decreased endogenous melatonin synthesis (by 68%) and interleukin (IL)‐10 levels (by 72%), coupled to increased tumor necrosis factor (TNF) (by 114%), IL‐6 (by 55%), and NFκB (by 399%), compared to normoxia. Melatonin treatment reversed the H/R effect, restoring IL‐10, TNF, and IL‐6 levels to those of the normoxia condition. Melatonin, as well as NFκB inhibition, enhanced autophagy activation, consequently increasing syncytiotrophoblast survival in H/R conditions. This study suggests that H/R, which is present in pregnancy complications, inhibits endogenous melatonin production, thereby contributing to reduced syncytiotrophoblast viability. Results indicate that exogenous melatonin treatment may afford protection against H/R‐induced damage, thereby enhancing placental cell survival, and contributing to improved fetal outcomes.
Option pricing under fast‐varying long‐memory stochastic volatility
Authors: Garnier Josselin , Sølna Knut 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRecent empirical studies suggest that the volatility of an underlying price process may have correlations that decay slowly under certain market conditions. In this paper, the volatility is modeled as a stationary process with long‐range correlation properties in order to capture such a situation, and we consider European option pricing. This means that the volatility process is neither a Markov process nor a martingale. However, by exploiting the fact that the price process is still a semimartingale and accordingly using the martingale method, we can obtain an analytical expression for the option price in the regime where the volatility process is fast mean reverting. The volatility process is modeled as a smooth and bounded function of a fractional Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process. We give the expression for the implied volatility, which has a fractional term structure.
The nation in the region: flamenco andcanzone napoletanaas national icons in modern Spain and Italy (1880–1922)
Authors: Conversi Daniele 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAlthough the relationship between music and nationalism has been at the centre of recent cross‐disciplinary research, many areas remain unexplored. Among them are forms of ‘national music’ that nest overlapping identities, functioning simultaneously as vehicles of regional, ethnic, urban, global and diasporic belongings. This article focuses on the national dimension of these multilevel identities, concentrating on the swings and transmigrations between the national and the regional. It compares two Mediterranean traditions which, particularly between the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, have served as multilevel identifiers of national and regional belongings:flamencoandcanzone napoletana(Neapolitan song). I argue that, besides geographically bounded identities, both genres were constructed as ‘national’ primarily abroad, rather than in their home countries, thus contributing to a theory of the ‘international’ dimension of ‘national’ music. In the case of flamenco, I focus on the irradiation centre of the time, Paris, although the modern notion of musical Spanishness was first associated with national identity in Russia. Thecanzoneconsolidated its international position mostly through the Italian diaspora, achieving a much wider reach than is ordinarily thought, both nationally and globally.
Walker Connor's political psychology
Authors: Kaufman Stuart J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn a 2002 overview, Daniele Conversi rightly highlights ‘Nationalism as an emotional bond’ as a central theme in Walker Connor's works. Nearly half a century on from Connor's initial assertions, the discipline of psychology has made important strides in understanding the social‐psychological dynamics that influence nationalist feelings. Building on this base of psychological evidence, this essay asks two questions. First, to what degree are Connor's claims supported by or compatible with what psychologists now know? Second, to the extent that Connor's arguments are correct, to what degree have scholarly understandings of nationalist politics recognised the implications of Connor's insights? I conclude that Connor's insights stand up remarkably well, but few have picked up on them, to the lasting detriment of our field of study.
Salivary proteins and peptides in the aetiology of caries in children: Systematic literature review
Authors: Piekoszewska‐Ziętek Paula , Turska‐Szybka Anna , Olczak‐Kowalczyk Dorota 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundTo assess the relationship of chosen salivary proteins and peptides levels with the occurrence of caries in children.MethodsPubMed, MEDLINE and EMBASE databases from 2000 to 2018 were researched for original observational studies published in English. The risk of bias and quality of the included papers were assessed regarding the guidelines by Fowkes and Fulton.ResultsTwenty‐two studies were included in the review, from which the issue of glycoproteins (including immunoglobulins), AMPs and salivary enzymes was discussed. The research involved primary dentition (13 papers), as well as mixed (7) and permanent dentition (5). Caries assessment included visual inspection, dmft/s and DMFT/S indexed; quantity of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus spp. bacteria; and caries risk assessment.DiscussionThe results of studies regarding the connection between salivary peptides and proteins and caries development in children are promising; however, further investigations should be undertaken. The majority of studies included are case–control and cross‐sectional; however, it is necessary to conduct more cohort studies with adequate follow‐up prior to considering this as markers for caries risk assessment.