bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of amniotic membrane for covering mastoid cavity in canal wall down mastoidectomy
Authors: Faramarzi Mohammad , Kaboodkhani Reza , Roosta Sareh , Azarpira Negar , Shishegar Mahmood , Bahranifard Hajar 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivePrevention of granulation tissue formation and acceleration of epithelialization of the mastoid cavity in canal wall down (CWD) mastoidectomy by use of amniotic membrane (AM) as a biologic dressing.Study DesignProspective and randomized study.MethodsDuring CWD mastoidectomy, an inferiorly base musculoperiosteal flap was rotated into the cavity. In order to coverage of this flap, the AM (75 ears) or the temporalis fascia (control group, 73 ears) was used. The times for mastoid cavity epithelialization were compared in both groups.ResultsIn the AM group, duration of complete epithelialization of the cavity was 41.4 ± 7.7 days, whereas in the control group it was 59.2 ± 9.1 days. Duration of time for complete epithelialization in the AM group was shorter than in the control group, which was significant (P < 0.0001).ConclusionThe use of AM in CWD mastoidectomy is beneficial in minimizing postoperative epithelialization time.Level of Evidence1bLaryngoscope, 129:1453–1457, 2019
Vestibular atelectasis: Myth or reality?
Authors: Eliezer Michael , Attyé Arnaud , Guichard Jean‐Pierre , Vitaux Hélène , Guillonnet Antoine , Toupet Michel , Herman Philippe , Kania Romain , Houdart Emmanuel , Hautefort Charlotte 
Published: January 2019

Objectives/HypothesisBecause delayed post‐contrast three‐dimensional fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery imaging sequences enable the distinction between the utricle and the saccule, we raised the hypothesis that patients with vestibular atelectasis (VA) could show unilateral collapse of the utricle and the ampullas on imaging.Study DesignRetrospective case series.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 200 patients who underwent 3 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after intravenous administration of gadolinium. MRI scans were assessed for the presence of VA. The endolymphatic space was considered as collapsed when the utricle and at least two ampullas were not visible or were barely visible.ResultsWe reported four patients with VA on MRI responsible for atypical clinical presentations of acute vestibular deficit. All patients presented a specific involvement of the pars superior sensory captors (utricle, ampullas), preserving the pars inferior sensory captors (cochlea and saccule). This was confirmed both clinically and on MRI.ConclusionsOur study is the first to describe in vivo unilateral collapse of the pars superior on delayed postcontrast MRI in patients with a clinical unilateral vestibular loss.Level of Evidence4Laryngoscope, 129:1689–1695, 2019
Bell Palsy and the Risk of Cardio‐Cerebrovascular Disease: A Population‐Based Follow‐Up Study
Authors: Kim Jong‐Yeup , Kim Myoung Suk , Kim Myeong Hee , Kim Dong‐Kyu , Yu Myeong Sang 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveTo evaluate the risk of cardio‐cerebrovascular disease (CCVD), such as ischemic stroke and acute myocardial infarction (AMI), in patients diagnosed with Bell palsyStudy DesignPopulation‐based follow‐up study.MethodsWe used the National Sample Cohort 2002 to 2013 data from the Korea National Health Insurance Service. The Bell palsy group comprised all patients diagnosed with Bell palsy (n = 730). The comparison group comprised patients selected randomly using propensity score matching (n = 1,460). The Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis, log‐rank test, and Cox proportional‐hazards regression models were used to calculate the disease‐free survival rate and hazard ratio (HR) of CCVD for each group.ResultsOf the total study population, ischemic stroke developed in 15.7% of patients with Bell palsy and 9% of patients in the comparison group during the 12‐year follow‐up period. After adjusting for other factors, the HR of ischemic stroke during the 12‐year follow‐up period was 1.84 times greater in the Bell palsy group than in the comparison group (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.43–2.36). However, the adjusted HR of developing ischemic stroke for patients with Bell palsy treated concurrently with antiviral agents and steroids was 1.12 (95% CI, 0.62.–2.04). There was no significant relationship between Bell palsy and risk of AMI development (HR, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.71–1.82).ConclusionBell palsy is linked with an increased incidence of ischemic stroke. Our data suggest that Bell palsy may be used as an indicator of increased stroke risk, and concurrent treatment with antiviral agents and steroids may be effective in preventing ischemic stroke.Level of EvidenceNALaryngoscope, 129:2371–2377, 2019
Ultra‐Sharp Multimode Waveguide Bends with Subwavelength Gratings
Authors: Wu Hao , Li Chenlei , Song Lijia , Tsang Hon‐Ki , Bowers John E. , Dai Daoxin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMode‐division multiplexing (MDM) is attractive to enhance the link capacity of optical interconnects by using multiple mode‐channels in multimode bus waveguides. As sharp waveguide bends are very important for realizing dense photonic integrated circuits, here ultra‐sharp multimode waveguide bends for MDM systems are proposed and demonstrated by using subwavelength grating waveguide structures on silicon. An ultra‐sharp S‐bend with a radius of 10 µm is realized for the first time to enable a low‐loss and low‐crosstalk MDM optical interconnect with three mode‐channels. For this proposed ultra‐sharp subwavelength grating multimode waveguide bend (SMWB) with a 90° bending angle, the theoretical excess losses for the TE0, TE1, and TE2 modes are 0.1–0.3 dB, 0.18–0.22 dB, and 0.3–0.5 dB, respectively, in a wavelength band of 1500–1600 nm. Meanwhile, inter‐mode crosstalks are very low (less than −30 dB) for all mode‐channels. For the fabricated 90°‐SMWB, the excess losses for the TE0, TE1, and TE2 modes are 0.1–0.3 dB, 0.2–0.4 dB, and 0.3–0.7 dB while the inter‐mode crosstalk is approximately −22 dB in a wavelength band of 1520–1600 nm. The proposed SMWB is also extended for more than three mode‐channels.
Developing Polybenzoxazine Composites Based on Various Carbon Structures
Authors: Bîru Elena Iuliana , Gârea Sorina Alexandra , Iovu Horia 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe synthesis of composite materials based on various carbon structures and polybenzoxazines (PBZs) gives products with noticeable thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties. The role of different carbon materials is emphasized in terms of the main advantages in both structure and properties. On the other hand, the PBZ features are significant considering the high glass transition temperatures, low flammability, high char yields, and good thermal stability. This review article describes the synthesis, structure, and properties of polybenzoxazine composites based on carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes, graphene, graphene oxide, and other carbonaceous materials. Particular attention is given to the interactions possible to occur between the polybenzoxazine matrix and carbon component.
DOPO‐Based Phosphorus‐Containing Methacrylic (Co)Polymers: Glass Transition Temperature Investigation
Authors: Bier Frédéric , Six Jean‐Luc , Durand Alain 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA two‐step synthetic procedure is designed for preparing new flame‐retardant methacrylic monomers containing 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO) as a substituent side group. DOPO and methacrylate moieties are linked by linear aliphatic hydrocarbon spacers (3 to 11 carbon atoms). Copolymerization with methyl methacrylate is carried out leading to copolymers containing between 2 and 10 wt% phosphorus. All homo‐ and copolymers exhibit a unique glass transition temperature (Tg
). A new group contribution for DOPO‐based substituent is extracted that leads to reasonable estimations of Tg
s of other published polymers. The Fox equation provides a good estimation of Tg
s for most copolymers and for physical blends of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and DOPO. When using monomers having three and four carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon spacer, the Tg
of copolymers remains close to that of PMMA over a wide range of composition.
Rare copy number variants contribute pathogenic alleles in patients with intestinal malrotation
Authors: Salehi Karlslätt Karin , Pettersson Maria , Jäntti Nina , Szafranski Przemyslaw , Wester Tomas , Husberg Britt , Ullberg Ulla , Stankiewicz Pawel , Nordgren Ann , Lundin Johanna , Lindstrand Anna , Nordenskjöld Agneta 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundIntestinal malrotation is a potentially life‐threatening congenital anomaly due to the risk of developing midgut volvulus. The reported incidence is 0.2%–1% and both apparently hereditary and sporadic cases have been reported. Intestinal malrotation is associated with a few syndromes with known genotype but the genetic contribution in isolated intestinal malrotation has not yet been reported. Rare copy number variants (CNVs) have been implicated in many congenital anomalies, and hence we sought to investigate the potential contribution of rare CNVs in intestinal malrotation.MethodsAnalysis of array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) data from 47 patients with symptomatic intestinal malrotation was performed.ResultsWe identified six rare CNVs in five patients. Five CNVs involved syndrome loci: 7q11.23 microduplication, 16p13.11 microduplication, 18q terminal deletion, HDAC8 (Cornelia de Lange syndrome type 5 and FOXF1) as well as one intragenic deletion in GALNT14, not previously implicated in human disease.ConclusionIn the present study, we identified rare CNVs contributing pathogenic or potentially pathogenic alleles in five patients with syndromic intestinal malrotation, suggesting that CNV screening is indicated in intestinal malrotation with associated malformations or neurological involvements. In addition, we identified intestinal malrotation in two known syndromes (Cornelia de Lange type 5 and 18q terminal deletion syndrome) that has not previously been associated with gastrointestinal malformations.
3D Modeling of Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor and Tumor Necrosis Factor‐bound Receptor Systems
Authors: Roy Urmi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe interactions between the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and its receptor molecule are responsible for various signaling networks that are central to the functioning of human immune homeostasis. The present work is a computational study of certain structural aspects of this cell‐signaling protein, specifically focusing on the molecular level analyses of the TNF receptor (TNF‐R), guided by its crystallographic structure. We also examine the possible binding sites of the TNF onto TNF‐R, and the associated interactions. The structural and conformational variations in the TNF‐R and TNF bound TNF‐R systems are examined in this context using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The time dependent variations of the dimeric TNF‐R structures are compared with, and shown to be steadier than their isolated monomers. This dimeric stability is favored under acidic conditions. The results are used to further illustrate how 3D modeling and computer simulations can aid the structure‐based approach to probing a ligand‐receptor system.
Impact of varying planning parameters on proton pencil beam scanning dose distributions in four commercial treatment planning systems
Authors: Alshaikhi Jailan , Doolan Paul J. , D'Souza Derek , Holloway Stacey McGowan , Amos Richard A. , Royle Gary 
Published: January 2019

PurposeIn pencil beam scanning proton therapy, target coverage is achieved by scanning the pencil beam laterally in the x‐ and y‐directions and delivering spots of dose to positions at a given radiological depth (layer). Dose is delivered to the spots on different layers by pencil beams of different energy until the entire volume has been irradiated. The aim of this study is to investigate the implementation of proton planning parameters (spot spacing, layer spacing and margins) in four commercial proton treatment planning systems (TPSs): Eclipse, Pinnacle3, RayStation and XiO.Materials and MethodsUsing identical beam data in each TPS, plans were created on uniform material synthetic phantoms with cubic targets. The following parameters were systematically varied in each TPS to observe their different implementations: spot spacing, layer spacing and margin. Additionally, plans were created in Eclipse to investigate the impact of these parameters on plan delivery and optimal values are suggested.ResultsIt was found that all systems except Eclipse use a variable layer spacing per beam, based on the Bragg peak width of each energy layer. It is recommended that if this cannot be used, then a constant value of 5 mm will ensure good dose homogeneity. Only RayStation varies the spot spacing according to the variable spot size with depth. If a constant spot spacing is to be used, a value of 5 mm is recommended as a good compromise between dose homogeneity, plan robustness and planning time. It was found that both Pinnacle3 and RayStation position spots outside of the defined volume (target plus margin).ConclusionsAll four systems are capable of delivering uniform dose distributions to simple targets, but their implementation of the various planning parameters is different. In this paper comparisons are made between the four systems and recommendations are made as to the values that will provide the best compromise in dose homogeneity and planning time.
QSAR studies of phenylhydrazine‐substituted tetronic acid derivatives based on the 1H NMR and 13C NMR chemical shifts
Authors: Chen Min , Lu Ai‐Min , Hu Ying , Yang Chun‐Long 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe quantitative structure–activity relationship models of 40 phenylhydrazine‐substituted tetronic acid derivatives were established between the 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and 13C NMR chemical shifts and the antifungal activity against Fusarium graminearum, Botrytis cinerea, Rhizoctonia cerealis, and Colletotrichum capsici. The models were validated by R, R2, RA2, variance inflation factor, F, and P values testing and residual analysis. It was concluded from the models that the 13C NMR chemical shifts of C8, C10, C7, and the 1H NMR chemical shifts of Ha contributed positively to the activity against Fusarium graminearum, Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum capsici, and Rhizoctonia cerealis, respectively. The models indicated that decreasing the election cloud density of specific nucleuses in compounds, for example, by the substituting of electron withdrawing groups, would improve the antifungal activity. These models demonstrated the practical application meaning of chemical shifts in the quantitative structure–activity relationship study. Furthermore, a practical guide was provided for further structural optimization of the antifungal phenylhydrazine‐substituted tetronic acid derivatives based on the 1H NMR and 13C NMR chemical shifts.
Neutrophil elastase plays a non‐redundant role in remodeling the venular basement membrane and neutrophil diapedesis post‐ischemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Voisin Mathieu‐Benoit , Leoni Giovanna , Woodfin Abigail , Loumagne Laure , Patel Nimesh SA , Di Paola Rosanna , Cuzzocrea Salvatore , Thiemermann Christoph , Perretti Mauro , Nourshargh Sussan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIschemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a severe inflammatory insult associated with numerous pathologies, such as myocardial infarction, stroke and acute kidney injury. I/R injury is characterized by a rapid influx of activated neutrophils secreting toxic free radical species and degrading enzymes that can irreversibly damage the tissue, thus impairing organ functions. Significant efforts have been invested in identifying therapeutic targets to suppress neutrophil recruitment and activation post‐I/R injury. In this context, pharmacological targeting of neutrophil elastase (NE) has shown promising anti‐inflammatory efficacy in a number of experimental and clinical settings of I/R injury and is considered a plausible clinical strategy for organ care. However, the mechanisms of action of NE, and hence its inhibitors, in this process are not fully understood. Here we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the impact of NE genetic deletion on neutrophil infiltration in four murine models of I/R injury as induced in the heart, kidneys, intestine and cremaster muscle. In all models, neutrophil migration into ischemic regions was significantly suppressed in NE−/− mice as compared with wild‐type controls. Analysis of inflamed cremaster muscle and mesenteric microvessels by intravital and confocal microscopy revealed a selective entrapment of neutrophils within venular walls, most notably at the level of the venular basement membrane (BM) following NE deletion/pharmacological blockade. This effect was associated with the suppression of NE‐mediated remodeling of the low matrix protein expressing regions within the venular BM used by transmigrating neutrophils as exit portals. Furthermore, whilst NE deficiency led to reduced neutrophil activation and vascular leakage, levels of monocytes and prohealing M2 macrophages were reduced in tissues of NE−/− mice subjected to I/R. Collectively our results identify a vital and non‐redundant role for NE in supporting neutrophil breaching of the venular BM post‐I/R injury but also suggest a protective role for NE in promoting tissue repair. © 2019 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Sustainable self‐healing elastomers with thermoreversible network derived from biomass via emulsion polymerization
Authors: Sahu Pranabesh , Bhowmick Anil K. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTMotivated by the growing demand for greener and sustainable polymer systems, self‐healing elastomers were prepared by emulsion polymerization of terpene and furfural‐based monomers. Both the method and the monomers were green and sustainable. The synthesized copolymers showed molecular weights between 59,080 and 84,210 Da and glass‐transition temperature (Tg) between −25 and −40 °C, implying rubbery properties. A set of one‐dimensional (1D) and two‐dimensional (2D) NMR spectroscopy supported the formation of the copolymer and nuclear spin–spin coupling in the copolymer. Reactivity ratios were determined by conventional linear method. A thermoreversible network was achieved for the first time by reacting the furan‐based polymer with bismaleimide (BM) as a crosslinker, via a Diels−Alder (DA) coupling reaction. The reversible nature of the polymer network was evidenced from infrared and NMR spectroscopy. The thermoreversible character of the DA crosslinked adduct was confirmed by applying retro‐DA reaction (observed in differential scanning calorimeter [DSC] analysis) and mechanical recovery was verified by repeated heating and cooling cycles. The network polymers displayed excellent self‐healing ability, triggered by heating at 130 °C for 4–12 h, when their scratched surface was screened by microscopic visualization. The healing efficiency of the crosslinked DA‐adduct was calculated as 78%, using atomic force microscopy. This work provides a green and efficient approach to prepare new green and functional materials. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 738–751
Synthesis and properties evaluation of quaternized polyurethanes as antibacterial adhesives
Authors: Hu Pin , Greiner Andreas , Agarwal Seema 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTWe present new side‐chain quaternized polyurethanes as antibacterial adhesives made by polyaddition polymerization followed by quaternization for different time intervals. The degree of quaternization of N‐diol units in the polymer is changed from 13.6 to 99.0 mol % (almost complete) for tuning the antibacterial action (leaching/contact type) and studying effect on adhesive strength. The degree of quaternization of about 26 mol % provided the nonleaching antibacterial effect with adhesive strength more than 60 N cm−2 on aluminum and glass substrates. The increase in the degree of quaternization enhanced polymer polarity shifting nonleaching (contact type) antibacterial behavior to the leaching type but maintaining the high adhesive strengths. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 752–757
Chest ultrasound findings in children with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Heuvelings Charlotte C. , Bélard Sabine , Andronikou Savvas , Jamieson‐Luff Norme , Grobusch Martin P. , Zar Heather J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIntroductionChest ultrasound is increasingly used for the diagnosis of pediatric lung disease but there are limited data for its use in pediatric pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB).AimTo describe chest ultrasound findings in children with suspected PTB.MethodsConsecutive children, presenting with suspected PTB to a tertiary children's hospital in Cape Town between July 2014 and March 2016, were enrolled in this cohort study. Children were categorized into three groups based on microbiological and clinical features; confirmed PTB (microbiologically confirmed), unconfirmed PTB (clinical diagnosis only), and unlikely PTB (respiratory disease not due to PTB). A clinician, blinded to categorization, performed chest and mediastinal ultrasound for consolidation, pleural gaps, pleural effusions, B‐lines or enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes at enrolment and 1, 3, and 6 months thereafter. Two readers interpreted the ultrasounds independently.ResultsOne hundred seventy children (median age 26.6 months) were enrolled; 40 (24%) confirmed PTB, 85 (50%) unconfirmed PTB, and 45 (26%) unlikely PTB. In children with confirmed PTB, pleural effusion was more common (30% vs 9% in unlikely PTB, P = 0.024), mediastinal lymph nodes were larger (median size 1.5 cm vs 1.0 cm in unlikely PTB, P = 0.027), resolution of consolidation occurred less commonly at 1‐month follow‐up (24% vs 67% unlikely TB, P = 0.014) and the proportional size reduction of a consolidation was lower (44% vs 80% in unlikely PTB, P = 0.009). Inter‐reader agreement was perfect to moderate.ConclusionChest ultrasound identified abnormalities suggestive of PTB with a high inter‐reader agreement. Consolidation showed slower resolution in children with confirmed PTB.
Urinary Proteomics as a Tool to Identify Kidney Responders to Dipeptidyl Peptidase‐4 Inhibition: A Hypothesis‐Generating Analysis from the MARLINA‐T2D Trial
Authors: Siwy Justyna , Klein Thomas , Rosler Marcel , von Eynatten Maximilian 
Published: January 2019

PurposeChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a serious complication of hyperglycemia and treatment options to slow its progression are scarce. Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) inhibitors are common glucose‐lowering drugs in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Among these, linagliptin has been suggested to exert kidney protective effects. It is investigated whether an effect of linagliptin on kidney function could be unmasked by characterizing the urinary proteome profile (UPP) in albuminuric T2D individuals.Experimental designParticipants of the MARLINA‐T2D trial (NCT01792518) are randomized 1:1 to receive either linagliptin 5 mg or placebo for 24 weeks. A previously developed proteome‐based classifier, CKD273, is assessed.ResultsResults confirm a significant correlation between CKD273 and clinical kidney parameters as well as with eGFR decline. Patient stratification using CKD273 at baseline, show a trend toward attenuation of renal function loss in high CKD‐risk patients treated with linagliptin. Moreover, characterized are linagliptin affected peptides of which the majority contained a DPP‐4 target sequence.Conclusions and clinical relevanceCKD273 is a promising tool for identifying patients at high risk for CKD progression and may unmask a potential of linagliptin to slow progressive kidney function loss in high CKD‐risk patients. UPP characterization reveals a significant impact of linagliptin on urinary peptides.