bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heightened Systemic Levels of Neutrophil and Eosinophil Granular Proteins in Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Reversal following Treatment
Authors: Moideen Kadar , Kumar Nathella Pavan , Nair Dina , Banurekha Vaithilingam V. , Bethunaickan Ramalingam , Babu Subash 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

Granulocytes are activated during
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
infection and act as immune effector cells, and granulocyte responses are implicated in tuberculosis (TB) pathogenesis. Plasma levels of neutrophil and eosinophil granular proteins provide an indirect measure of degranulation. In this study, we wanted to examine the levels of neutrophil and eosinophil granular proteins in individuals with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and to compare them with the levels in individuals with latent TB (LTB). Hence, we measured the plasma levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO), neutrophil elastase, proteinase 3, major basic protein (MBP), eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN), eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), and eosinophil peroxidase (EPX) in these individuals. Finally, we also measured the levels of all of these proteins in PTB individuals following antituberculosis treatment (ATT). Our data reveal that PTB individuals are characterized by significantly higher plasma levels of MPO, elastase, proteinase 3, as well as MBP and EDN in comparison to those in LTB individuals. Our data also reveal that ATT resulted in the reversal of all of these changes, indicating an association with TB disease. Finally, our data show that the systemic levels of MPO and proteinase 3 can significantly discriminate PTB from LTB individuals. Thus, our data suggest that neutrophil and eosinophil granular proteins could play a potential role in the innate immune response and, therefore, the pathogenesis of pulmonary TB.
cAMP and Vfr Control Exolysin Expression and Cytotoxicity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Taxonomic Outliers
Authors: Berry Alice , Han Kook , Trouillon Julian , Robert-Genthon Mylène , Ragno Michel , Lory Stephen , Attrée Ina , Elsen Sylvie 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

The two-partner secretion system ExlBA, expressed by strains of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
belonging to the PA7 group, induces hemorrhage in lungs due to disruption of host cellular membranes. Here we demonstrate that the
exlBA
genes are controlled by a pathway consisting of cAMP and the virulence factor regulator (Vfr). Upon interaction with cAMP, Vfr binds directly to the
exlBA
promoter with high affinity (equilibrium binding constant [
K
eq
] of ≈2.5 nM). The
exlB
and
exlA
expression was diminished in the Vfr-negative mutant and upregulated with increased intracellular cAMP levels. The Vfr binding sequence in the
exlBA
promoter was mutated
in situ
, resulting in reduced cytotoxicity of the mutant, showing that Vfr is required for the
exlBA
expression during intoxication of epithelial cells. Vfr also regulates function of type 4 pili previously shown to facilitate ExlA activity on epithelial cells, which indicates that the cAMP/Vfr pathway coordinates these two factors needed for full cytotoxicity. As in most
P. aeruginosa
strains, the adenylate cyclase CyaB is the main provider of cAMP for Vfr regulation during both
in vitro
growth and eukaryotic cell infection. We discovered that the absence of functional Vfr in the reference strain PA7 is caused by a frameshift in the gene and accounts for its reduced cytotoxicity, revealing the conservation of ExlBA control by the CyaB-cAMP/Vfr pathway in
P. aeruginosa
taxonomic outliers.

IMPORTANCE
The human opportunistic pathogen
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
provokes severe acute and chronic human infections associated with defined sets of virulence factors. The main virulence determinant of
P. aeruginosa
taxonomic outliers is exolysin, a membrane-disrupting pore-forming toxin belonging to the two-partner secretion system ExlBA. In this work, we demonstrate that the conserved CyaB-cAMP/Vfr pathway controls cytotoxicity of outlier clinical strains through direct transcriptional activation of the
exlBA
operon. Therefore, despite the fact that the type III secretion system and exolysin are mutually exclusive in classical and outlier strains, respectively, these two major virulence determinants share similarities in their mechanisms of regulation.
RNA Thermometers in Bacterial Pathogens
Authors: Loh Edmund , Righetti Francesco , Eichner Hannes , Twittenhoff Christian , Narberhaus Franz 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
Temperature variation is one of the multiple parameters a microbial pathogen encounters when it invades a warm-blooded host. To survive and thrive at host body temperature, human pathogens have developed various strategies to sense and respond to their ambient temperature. An instantaneous response is mounted by RNA thermometers (RNATs), which are integral sensory structures in mRNAs that modulate translation efficiency. At low temperatures outside the host, the folded RNA blocks access of the ribosome to the translation initiation region. The temperature shift upon entering the host destabilizes the RNA structure and thus permits ribosome binding. This reversible zipper-like mechanism of RNATs is ideally suited to fine-tune virulence gene expression when the pathogen enters or exits the body of its host. This review summarizes our present knowledge on virulence-related RNATs and discusses recent developments in the field.
Efficacy of iron supplementation on fatigue and physical capacity in non-anaemic iron-deficient adults: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Houston Brett L , Hurrie Daryl , Graham Jeff , Perija Brittany , Rimmer Emily , Rabbani Rasheda , Bernstein Charles N , Turgeon Alexis F , Fergusson Dean A , Houston Donald S , Abou-Setta Ahmed M , Zarychanski Ryan 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveIron supplementation in iron-deficiency anaemia is standard practice, but the benefits of iron supplementation in iron-deficient non-anaemic (IDNA) individuals remains controversial. Our objective is to identify the effects of iron therapy on fatigue and physical capacity in IDNA adults.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs).SettingPrimary care.ParticipantsAdults (≥18 years) who were iron deficient but non-anaemic.InterventionsOral, intramuscular or intravenous iron supplementation; all therapy doses, frequencies and durations were included.ComparatorsPlacebo or active therapy.ResultsWe identified RCTs in Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health, SportDiscus and CAB Abstracts from inception to 31 October 2016. We searched the WHO’s International Clinical Trials Registry Platform for relevant ongoing trials and performed forward searches of included trials and relevant reviews in Web of Science. We assessed internal validity of included trials using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and the external validity using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation methodology. From 11 580 citations, we included 18 unique trials and 2 companion papers enrolling 1170 patients. Using a Mantel-Haenszel random-effects model, iron supplementation was associated with reduced self-reported fatigue (standardised mean difference (SMD) −0.38; 95% CI −0.52 to −0.23; I20%; 4 trials; 714 participants) but was not associated with differences in objective measures of physical capacity, including maximal oxygen consumption (SMD 0.11; 95% CI −0.15 to 0.37; I20%; 9 trials; 235 participants) and timed methods of exercise testing. Iron supplementation significantly increased serum haemoglobin concentration (MD 4.01 g/L; 95% CI 1.22 to 6.81; I248%; 12 trials; 298 participants) and serum ferritin (MD 9.23 µmol/L; 95% CI 6.48 to 11.97; I258%; 14 trials; 616 participants).ConclusionIn IDNA adults, iron supplementation is associated with reduced subjective measures of fatigue but not with objective improvements in physical capacity. Given the global prevalence of both iron deficiency and fatigue, patients and practitioners could consider consumption of iron-rich foods or iron supplementation to improve symptoms of fatigue in the absence of documented anaemia.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42014007085.
Impact of workplace incivility against new nurses on job burn-out: a cross-sectional study in China
Authors: Shi Yu , Guo Hui , Zhang Shue , Xie Fengzhe , Wang Jinghui , Sun Zhinan , Dong Xinpeng , Sun Tao , Fan Lihua 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis study had three objectives: (1) to investigate the impact of workplace incivility on job burn-out of new nursing staff, (2) to verify the partial mediating role of anxiety in the relationship between workplace incivility and job burn-out, (3) to examine the resilience moderating the relations between workplace incivility and job burn-out.DesignA cross-sectional online survey was conducted in May 2016 in China.SettingThe survey was conducted in 54 cities across 29 provinces of China.ParticipantsA total of 903 participants were invited. Ultimately, 696 new nurses (<3 service years) completed valid questionnaires. The effective response rate was 77.1%. Entry criteria: voluntary participation, having less than three service years and being a registered nurse. Exclusion criteria: being an irregular nurse, having more than three service years and refusing to participate in this work.Outcome measuresAn anonymous questionnaire was distributed among new nurses. The relationships and mechanism among the variables were explored using descriptive statistical analysis, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression analysis.ResultsThe findings showed that workplace incivility was positively correlated with anxiety (r=0.371, p<0.01) and job burn-out (r=0.238, p<0.01) of new nurses. The positive relation between anxiety (β=0.364, p<0.01) and job burn-out (β=0.240, p<0.01) was also significant. Moreover, anxiety partially mediated (z=7.807, p<0.01) and resilience moderated (β=−0.564, p<0.01) the association between workplace incivility and job burn-out.ConclusionExperience of workplace incivility by new nurses would likely generate anxiety in the victims. Further, the increased anxiety state could elevate their level of job burn-out. New nurses with high levels of resilience could buffer the negative influence of workplace incivility by using a positive coping style.
Safest light in a combat area while performing intravenous access in the dark
Authors: Aydin Attila , Bilge S , Eryilmaz M 
Published: April 2018

IntroductionCannulation for the administration of intravenous fluids is integral to the prehospital management of injured military patients. However, this may be technically challenging to undertake during night-time conditions where the use of light to aid cannulation may give the tactical situation away to opponents. The aim of this study was to investigate the success and tactical safety of venepuncture under battlefield conditions with different colour light sources.MethodThe procedure was carried out with naked eye in a bright room in the absence of a separate light source, with a naked eye in a dark room under red, white, blue and green light sources and under an infrared light source while wearing night vision goggles (NVGs). The success, safety, degree of difficulty and completion time for each procedure were then explored.ResultsAll interventions made in daylight and in a dark room were found to be 100% successful. Interventions performed under infrared light while wearing NVGs took longer than under other light sources or in daylight. Interventions performed under blue light were tactically safer when compared with interventions performed under different light sources.ConclusionBlue light offered the best tactical safety during intravenous cannulation under night-time conditions and is recommended for future use in tactical casualty care. The use of NVGs using infrared light cannot be recommended if there is the possibility of opponents having access to the technology.
Linear list r-hued coloring of sparse graphs
Authors: Ma Hongping , Hu Xiaoxue , Kong Jiangxu , Xu Murong 
Published: April 2018

An [Formula: see text]-hued coloring is a proper coloring such that the number of colors used by the neighbors of [Formula: see text] is at least [Formula: see text]. A linear [Formula: see text]-hued coloring is an [Formula: see text]-hued coloring such that each pair of color classes induces a union of disjoint paths. We study the linear list [Formula: see text]-hued chromatic number, denoted by [Formula: see text], of sparse graphs. It is clear that any graph [Formula: see text] with maximum degree [Formula: see text] satisfies [Formula: see text]. Let [Formula: see text] be the maximum average degree of a graph [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we obtain the following results: (1) If [Formula: see text], then [Formula: see text] (2) If [Formula: see text], then [Formula: see text]. (3) If [Formula: see text], then [Formula: see text].
APTO-253 Stabilizes G-quadruplex DNA, Inhibits MYC Expression, and Induces DNA Damage in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells
Authors: Local Andrea , Zhang Hongying , Benbatoul Khalid D. , Folger Peter , Sheng Xia , Tsai Cheng-Yu , Howell Stephen B. , Rice William G. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
APTO-253 is a phase I clinical stage small molecule that selectively induces CDKN1A (p21), promotes G0–G1 cell-cycle arrest, and triggers apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells without producing myelosuppression in various animal species and humans. Differential gene expression analysis identified a pharmacodynamic effect on MYC expression, as well as induction of DNA repair and stress response pathways. APTO-253 was found to elicit a concentration- and time-dependent reduction in MYC mRNA expression and protein levels. Gene ontogeny and structural informatic analyses suggested a mechanism involving G-quadruplex (G4) stabilization. Intracellular pharmacokinetic studies in AML cells revealed that APTO-253 is converted intracellularly from a monomer to a ferrous complex [Fe(253)3]. FRET assays demonstrated that both monomeric APTO-253 and Fe(253)3 stabilize G4 structures from telomeres, MYC, and KIT promoters but do not bind to non-G4 double-stranded DNA. Although APTO-253 exerts a host of mechanistic sequelae, the effect of APTO-253 on MYC expression and its downstream target genes, on cell-cycle arrest, DNA damage, and stress responses can be explained by the action of Fe(253)3 and APTO-253 on G-quadruplex DNA motifs. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(6); 1177–86. ©2018 AACR.
Sex and Racial Disparities in Cardiac Rehabilitation Referral at Hospital Discharge and Gaps in Long‐Term Mortality
Authors: Li Shanshan , Fonarow Gregg C. , Mukamal Kenneth , Xu Haolin , Matsouaka Roland A. , Devore Adam D. , Bhatt Deepak L. 
Published: April 2018

Background

Cardiac rehabilitation (
CR
) referral is recommended for eligible patients, regardless of sex or race. It is unclear whether inequality in
CR
referral practices was associated with patients’ long‐term survival.

Methods and Results

We linked the American Heart Association Get With The Guidelines Coronary Artery Disease registry with Medicare claims data for 48 993 coronary artery disease patients from 365 hospitals across the United States between 2003 and 2009. We used generalized estimation equations to estimate the association between
CR
referral and mortality accounting for clustering within hospitals. Between 2003 and 2009, only 40% of eligible patients received
CR
referrals. Females were 12% less likely to receive
CR
referral compared with males. Black, Hispanic, and Asian patients were 20%, 36%, and 50% less likely, respectively, to receive
CR
referral than white patients.
CR
referral was associated with 40% lower 3‐year all‐cause mortality. Women and minorities who received
CR
referral at hospital discharge had significantly lower mortality compared with those who did not (odds ratios=0.61 [95% confidence interval, 0.56–0.66] for women, 0.75 [95% confidence interval, 0.63–0.88] for black, 0.62 [95% confidence interval, 0.50–0.79] for Hispanic, and 0.63 [95% confidence interval, 0.46–0.85] for Asian patients). Seven percent of the black versus white mortality gap could potentially be reduced by equitable
CR
referral.

Conclusions

CR
referral rates at hospital discharge remained low. Gaps in receiving
CR
referral at hospital discharge were large for women and minorities, and the mortality gap could potentially be reduced through elimination of inequality in
CR
referral.
Feasibility of Multiple Burr Hole With Erythropoietin in Acute Moyamoya Patients
Authors: Hong Ji Man , Lee Seong-Joon , Lee Jin Soo , Choi Mun Hee , Lee Sung Eun , Choi Jin Wook , Lim Yong Cheol 
Published: April 2018

Background and Purpose—
In patients with acute symptomatic moyamoya (<2 weeks), the feasibility of a combination therapy of multiple burr hole procedure under local anesthesia and intravenous erythropoietin pretreatment was assessed. We also identified the factors associated with transdural revascularization.

Methods—
In this prospective single-arm study, perfusion-impaired patients presenting with transient ischemic attack or acute cerebral infarction were assessed. Combination therapy was performed to patients lacking transdural collaterals. Primary outcomes were evaluated clinically with modified Rankin Scale scores and radiologically with revascularization success (transhemispheric, trans-burr hole, and sufficient revascularizations [filling ≥33% of ipsilateral supratentorium]) at 6 months. Treatment-related adverse events were analyzed in 3 phases: pre burr hole, post burr hole, and after-discharge as secondary outcome. Factors associated with sufficient revascularization were investigated.

Results—

Fifty hemispheres from 37 patients were included. Compared with discharge, modified Rankin Scale score at 6 months significantly improved (2.0 [0.0–5.0] versus 1.0 [0.0–4.0];
P
<0.001). Majority had successful revascularization: trans-burr hole arteriogenesis (89.5%), transhemispheric arteriogenesis (98.0%), and sufficient revascularization (52.0%). There was no significant pre burr hole or post burr hole complication. Two (5.4%) transient ischemic attack and 1 (2.7%) cerebral infarction occurred after discharge. Presentation with acute infarction (odds ratio, 4.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.1–21.4), ipsilateral basal moyamoya vessels (odds ratio, 13.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.3–144.2), and delayed mean transit time (odds ratio, 3.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.3–12.2) predicted sufficient revascularization.

Conclusions—
Combination therapy allows safe and effective revascularization in moyamoya patients with acute ischemic presentation.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT03162588.
Another People of God? Exegesis and Reception of Zech 2:15
Authors: Maier Michael P. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
In a bold new interpretation Zechariah 2:15 is the only one among all the prophecies about the pilgrimage of the nations to Mount Zion that calls the non-Jewish nations “people of God.” The present article studies this verse in its context of Zech 2:14-17, analyzes its intertextual relations and discusses its supposed literary connection to Revelation 21:3. After a short look at traditional Jewish and Christian interpretations, it presents the specific contribution of Zech 2:15 to the Theology of the People of God.
לֹא and the Biblical Hebrew Negative Response
Authors: Kim Dong-Hyuk 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
It is agreed that Biblical Hebrew (BH) does not have a word for “Yes!” and that the BH positive answer uses what linguists call the echo system. On the other hand, לֹא used independently as a negative answer is frequently understood as a negative answer particle (“No!”). Upon considering the evidence from BH and languages in general, the first half of this paper argues that לֹא used as such is a negative verbal clause, with the verbal part being omitted. The second half attempts to schematize various forms of the BH negative responses using לֹא.
The Structure of Ezra 3
Authors: Matzal Stefan C. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Ezra 3:1-13 is comprised of three scenes with verse 8aα-bα intentionally placed at its center to highlight the main themes of the chapter: continuity with the past, accomplishment in the present, and aspiration for the future. The alternate view that sees Ezra 3:1-4:5 as a literary unit cannot be sustained.
Impact of FGGE Buoy Data on Southern Hemisphere Analyses1
Authors: Guymer L. B. , Le Marshall J. F. 
Published: April 2018

Surface pressure observations from the First GARP Global Experiment (FGGE) drifting buoys, transmitted over the Global Telecommunication System, have been used in the Melbourne National Meteorological Analysis Centre (NMAC) operational analysis program since December 1978. From the beginning of the first Special Observing Period the network of buoys was sufficient to provide a data base over many areas from which routine surface observations have never previously been available.
The great value of the new data in the specification of critical high latitude ridge axes, the true intensity of the Southern Ocean depressions and the westerly flow south of the Australian land mass is illustrated. It is shown that the 1979 analyses differ significantly from those of previous years, with regard to such features as the circumpolar trough, the middle latitude cyclonic systems and the sub-tropical highs. An appraisal of the differences indicates they are not only due to the characteristics of the 1979 circulation but also to a first delineation of the hemispheric circulation features by use of the FGGE data base.
HAPEX—MOBILHY: A Hydrologic Atmospheric Experiment the Study of Water Budget and Evaporation Flux at the Climatic Scale
Authors: André Jean-Claude , Goutorbe Jean-Paul , Perrier Alain 
Published: April 2018

The HAPEX-MOBILHY program is aimed at studying the hydrological budget and evaporation flux at the scale of a GCM (general circulation model) grid square, i.e., 104 km2. Different surface and subsurface networks will be operated during the year 1986, to measure and monitor soil moisture, surface-energy budget and surface hydrology, as well as atmospheric properties.
A two-and-a-half-month special observing period will allow for detailed measurements of atmospheric fluxes and for intensive remote sensing of surface properties using well-instrumented aircraft. The main objective of the program, for which guest investigations are strongly encouraged, is to provide a data base against which parameterization schemes for the land-surface water budget will be tested and developed.
Objective Data Analysis Conference
Authors: Carr Edward L. 
Published: April 2018

The Air Force Global Weather Central (AFGWC) hosted a conference on objective data analysis 2–4 October 1985. This was a continuation in a series of conferences on data analysis. Participants included both operational meteorologists and research meteorologists from various government's numerical weather prediction (NWP) facilities.
The conference consisted of each participating facility reviewing their current status and future plans. Individual topics were then presented concerning data analysis, followed by small group discussions on meteorological and computational aspects of objective data analysis.
Various conclusions were developed during the conference: 1) Optimal interpolation is the analysis method most commonly used at NWP facilities and is favored for its ability to assimilate data from many different observing platforms. 2) Promising work continues with the insertion of new data into the analysis model. 3) The fundamental difference between most analyses is the difference in the imposed quality control. 4) Further improvements in data assimilation are possible if archival procedures are performed to gather covariance statistics.