bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality of life in caregivers compared with dialysis recipients: The Co‐ACTIVE sub‐study of the ACTIVE dialysis trial
Authors: Gray Nicholas A , Zuo Li , Hong Daqing , Smyth Brendan , Jun Min , De Zoysa Janak , Vo Kha , Howard Kirsten , Wang Jing , Lu Chunlai , Liu Zhangsuo , Cass Alan , Perkovic Vlado , Jardine Meg 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTAimTo compare quality of life (QOL) of caregivers of dialysis patients with the cared for patients and population norms.MethodsThe ACTIVE Dialysis study randomized participants to extended (median 24 h/week) or standard (median 12 h/week) haemodialysis hours for 12 months. A subgroup of participants and their nominated caregivers completed QOL questionnaires including the EuroQOL‐5 Dimension‐3 Level (EQ5D‐3 L), short form‐36 (SF‐36, also allowing estimation of the SF‐6D), as well as a bespoke questionnaire and the personal wellbeing index (PWI). Caregiver QOL was compared with dialysis patient QOL and predictors of caregiver QOL were determined using multivariable regression.ResultsThere were 54 patients and caregiver pairs, predominantly from China. Caregivers mean (SD) age was 53.4 (11.3) years, 60% were female, 71% cared for their spouse/partner, and 36% were educated to university level. Caregivers had better physical but similar mental QOL compared with dialysis patients (mean SF‐36 physical component summary: 46.9 ± 8.7 vs 40.4 ± 10.2, P < 0.001; mental component summary: 47.8 ± 9.7 vs 49.6 ± 12.0, P = 0.84). Health utility measured with EQ5D‐3 L was not significantly different between caregivers and dialysis patients (mean 0.869 ± 0.185 vs 0.798 ± 0.227, P = 0.083). Caregiver PWI was 43.7 ± 15.5, significantly lower than the Chinese population norm (68.2 ± 14.2, P < 0.001). Higher physical and mental QOL among caregivers was predicted by university education but not age, gender or daily hours caring.ConclusionCaregivers have higher physical and equivalent mental QOL to dialysis patients but poorer personal well‐being than the Chinese population. University education predicts better QOL and may be a surrogate for socioeconomic or other factors. (NCT00649298).
Praiseworthy Motivations
Authors: Johnson King Zoë A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper argues that if motivation by rightness de re is praiseworthy, then so is motivation by rightness de dicto. I argue that these two types of moral motivation have been unfairly compared, in light of a widespread failure to appreciate the structural similarities between them. These structural similarities become clear when we think more carefully about the nature of motivation and about moral metaphysics. I then argue that the two types of moral motivation are on a par by discussing a series of minimal pairs. I argue that in good cases, in which the agent succeeds in doing what she is motivated to do, both motivations seem praiseworthy, and that bad cases, in which the agent fails, arise for motivation by rightness de re in precisely the same way as they do for motivation by rightness de dicto. I then offer a way to evaluate the unsuccessful agents, according to which someone's motivations can still be praiseworthy even if her actions and moral beliefs are both blameworthy, and someone can have certain praiseworthy motivations while lacking others. On my view, most of us are deeply flawed agents who nonetheless have some redeeming features—including our moral motivations.
Resolving the backbone of the Brassicaceae phylogeny for investigating trait diversity
Authors: Nikolov Lachezar A. , Shushkov Philip , Nevado Bruno , Gan Xiangchao , Al‐Shehbaz Ihsan A. , Filatov Dmitry , Bailey C. Donovan , Tsiantis Miltos 
Published: February 2019

Summary

The Brassicaceae family comprises c. 4000 species including economically important crops and the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Despite their importance, the relationships among major lineages in the family remain unresolved, hampering comparative research.

Here, we inferred a Brassicaceae phylogeny using newly generated targeted enrichment sequence data of 1827 exons (> 940 000 bases) representing 63 species, as well as sequenced genome data of 16 species, together representing 50 of the 52 currently recognized Brassicaceae tribes. A third of the samples were derived from herbarium material, facilitating broad taxonomic coverage of the family.

Six major clades formed successive sister groups to the rest of Brassicaceae. We also recovered strong support for novel relationships among tribes, and resolved the position of 16 taxa previously not assigned to a tribe. The broad utility of these phylogenetic results is illustrated through a comparative investigation of genome‐wide expression signatures that distinguish simple from complex leaves in Brassicaceae.

Our study provides an easily extendable dataset for further advances in Brassicaceae systematics and a timely higher‐level phylogenetic framework for a wide range of comparative studies of multiple traits in an intensively investigated group of plants.
Craniofacial morphology and soft tissue profile outcomes for complete unilateral and complete bilateral cleft lip and palate in New Zealand
Authors: Fowler Peter V. , Wholley Chris , Perry John G. , Thompson John M. D. 
Published: February 2019

Structured AbstractObjective(a) To establish baseline lateral craniofacial morphology and soft tissue profile outcomes for New Zealand children with complete unilateral and complete bilateral cleft lip and palate (CUCLP/CBCLP) and determine differences in relation to demographic characteristics including cleft type, sex and ethnicity and (b) To compare these outcomes to similar international studies.Settings and Sample PopulationNation‐wide prospective and retrospective cephalometric analysis of 76 patients with CUCLP and 23 patients with CBCLP pre‐secondary alveolar bone graft.Materials and MethodsAssessment was undertaken by three experienced orthodontists blinded to patient identity. A total of 13 hard tissue and 8 soft tissue landmarks were identified allowing for an assessment of 16 angular, three linear and one ratio variables. Inter‐assessor reliability was determined by pre‐defined measurement error thresholds.ResultsInter‐assessor reliability of cephalometric landmarks restricted reporting to 10 hard tissue, four soft tissue and one ratio variables. CUCLP had greater midface and mandibular retrusion than CBCLP. Females had greater midface and mandibular prominence and smaller nasal projections. The Pacific and Māori groups had more retrusive midfacial profiles, and the Pacific group had more prominent mandibles. A sub‐analysis of New Zealand European CUCLP results found they were closely aligned to Eurocleft and Americleft study centres with less favourable outcomes.ConclusionsThe reliability of a number of cephalometric measurements was poor. Lateral craniofacial morphology and soft tissue profile outcomes varied between CUCLP/CBCLP, sex and ethnicity. The New Zealand European outcomes are similar to or less favourable to other studies.
Compassionate deactivation of ventricular assist devices in children: A survey of pediatric ventricular assist device clinicians’ perspectives and practices
Authors: Kaufman Beth D. , Hollander Seth A. , Zhang Yulin , Chen Sharon , Bernstein Daniel , Rosenthal David N. , Almond Christopher S. , Murray Jenna M. , Burgart Alyssa M. , Cohen Harvey J. , Kirkpatrick James N. , Blume Elizabeth D. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectivesThis study's objective was to investigate compassionate ventricular assist device deactivation (VADdeact) in children from the perspective of the pediatric heart failure provider.BackgroundPediatric VAD use is a standard therapy for advanced heart failure. Serious adverse events may affect relative benefit of continued support, leading to consideration of VADdeact. Perspectives and practices regarding VADdeact have been studied in adults but not in children.MethodsA web‐based anonymous survey of clinicians for pediatric VAD patients (<18 years) was sent to list‐serves for the ISHLT Pediatric Council, the International Consortium of Circulatory Assist Clinicians Pediatric Taskforce, and the Pediatric Cardiac Intensivist Society.ResultsA total of 106 respondents met inclusion criteria of caring for pediatric VAD patients. Annual VAD volume per clinician ranged from <4 (33%) to >9 (20%). Seventy percent of respondents had performed VADdeact of a child. Response varied to VADdeact requests by parent or patient and was influenced by professional degree and region of practice. Except for the scenario of intractable suffering, no consensus on VADdeact appropriateness was reported. Age of child thought capable of making informed requests for VADdeact varied by subspecialty. The majority of respondents (62%) do not feel fully informed of relevant legal issues; 84% reported that professional society supported guidelines for VADdeact in children had utility.ConclusionThere is limited consensus regarding indications for VADdeact in children reported by pediatric VAD provider survey respondents. Knowledge gaps related to legal issues are evident; therefore, professional guidelines and educational resources related to pediatric VADdeact are needed.
Communication about prognosis and end‐of‐life in pediatric organ failure and transplantation
Authors: Cousino Melissa K. , Schumacher Kurt R. , Magee John C. , Wolfe Joanne , Yu Sunkyung , Eder Sally J. , Fredericks Emily M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundDespite advancements in treatment and survival, pediatric organ failure and transplant populations continue to face significant risks of morbidity and mortality. Little scientific attention has been given to addressing the end‐of‐life care needs of this growing population of young people. This study characterized current practices, beliefs, and challenges specific to the disclosure of prognosis and end‐of‐life care topics among providers caring for pediatric organ failure and transplant populations.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 144 healthcare providers actively caring for children, adolescents, and young adults with organ failure or solid organ transplant history. Participants completed an electronic survey measuring frequency and comfort in discussing the following topics with patients and parents: prognosis/survival statistics, re‐transplantation, advance care planning (ACP), and death/dying. Descriptive statistics, two‐sample t tests, and analysis of variance were used.ResultsFewer than half of respondents regularly discuss prognosis/survival statistics and potential need for re‐transplantation with their pediatric and young adult patients. Less than 20% of providers engage their pediatric patients in ACP discussions, and approximately 30% facilitate such discussions with young adult patients. Pediatric organ failure and transplant providers endorse a number of barriers specific to discussing these topics.ConclusionPediatric organ failure and transplant providers do not regularly discuss prognosis or end‐of‐life care topics with this patient population. Communication‐focused intervention research is needed to improve honest and compassionate discussion of these topics that is aligned with both patients’ and parents’ needs and preferences.
What matters in clinical trial decision‐making: a systematic review of interviews exploring cancer patients’ experiences
Authors: Gregersen Trine A. , Birkelund Regner , Wolderslund Maiken , Netsey‐Afedo Mette Løwe , Steffensen Karina Dahl , Ammentorp Jette 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundBeing diagnosed with cancer is an existential challenge and involves difficult treatment decisions, including treatment in clinical trials. Therapy for advanced cancer is potentially life‐prolonging and only rarely cures advanced cancer, which often renders these patients in a special situation where dealing with end of life, hope and meaning, become an important part of life. Many existing reviews include both patients with advanced cancer and patients undergoing adjuvant cancer treatment, and there is a lack of reviews with consistent study designs and methods.AimTo systematically review and thematically synthesise the experiences of patients and relatives when they have to decide whether or not to participate in a clinical oncology trial and to provide knowledge about the decision‐making process.MethodA qualitative systematic literature review was conducted based on methods for thematic synthesis by Thomas and Hardens.ResultsEleven full‐text articles were included in this study. Six descriptive themes appeared and were grouped under two analytical themes: Individualised decisions and Hope and existential matters, which, through discussion, developed into the synthesis of What matters in treatment‐related decisions close to the end of life? This review has shown that existential matters are important in the decision‐making and that addressing these might be of great importance in medical decision‐making, whether it concerns the existential matters of the patients, of their relatives or of the health care professionals.ConclusionThis review points to existential issues as important contributors in making decisions about treatment. It can be beneficial if health care professionals address the role of existential matters in patients’ decision‐making in terms of clinical trial participation and involve the relatives more directly to increase individualised decisions. Future research should include the health care professionals’ experiences when going in depth with decision‐making, with a focus on the existential matters and uncertainties of the health care professionals.
Why Do People Pay Bribes? A Survey Experiment with Resource Users*
Authors: Sundström Aksel 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveAlthough corruption is known to hinder natural resource regulations, the research area remains underexplored. Departing from a debate on the reasons driving people's engagement in corruption, this research note studies why some resource users bribe enforcement officers.MethodsIn a between‐subjects survey experiment, with a sample of resource users active in South African small‐scale fisheries, we examine the effects of inspectors’ response to bribes and other users’ involvement in corruption on attitudes toward bribery.ResultsResource users are more willing to partake in bribery when inspectors turn a blind eye to violations and when fellow users are involved in corruption.ConclusionThis lends support for the proposition that engagement in corruption is driven by both the anticipated gains from bribes as well as expectations of others’ behavior. This suggests that anti‐corruption policy should be designed with the insight that more than one of these features affect attitudes to bribe‐taking.
Evolution of green lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): an anchored phylogenomics approach
Authors: Winterton Shaun L. , Gillung Jessica P. , Garzón‐Orduña Ivonne J. , Badano Davide , Breitkreuz Laura C.V. , Duelli Peter , Engel Michael S. , Liu Xingyue , Machado Renato J.P. , Mansell Mervyn , Mochizuki Atsushi , Penny Norman D. , Tauber Catherine A. , Oswald John D. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA phylogeny of green lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) using anchored hybrid enrichment data is presented. Using this phylogenomic approach, we analysed 137 kb of sequence data (with < 10% missing) for 82 species in 50 genera of Chrysopidae under Bayesian and maximum likelihood criteria. We recovered a strongly supported tree topologically congruent with recently published phylogenies, especially relationships amongst higher‐level groups. The subfamily Nothochrysinae was recovered as paraphyletic, with one clade sister to the rest of Chrysopidae, and the second clade containing the nominal genus (Nothochrysa Navás) as sister to the subfamily Apochrysinae. Chrysopinae was recovered as a monophyletic with the monobasic Nothancylini tribe n. sister to the rest of the subfamily. Leucochrysini was recovered sister to Belonopterygini, and Chrysopini was rendered paraphyletic with respect to Ankylopterygini. Divergence times and diversification estimates indicate a major shift in rate in ancestral Chrysopini at the end of the Cretaceous, and the extensive radiation of Chrysopinae, the numerically dominant clade of green lacewings, began in the Mid‐Paleogene (c. 45 Ma).
On mantle drag force for the formation of a next supercontinent as estimated from a numerical simulation model of global mantle convection
Authors: Yoshida Masaki 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThree‐dimensional spherical mantle convection was simulated to predict future continental motion and investigate the driving force of continental motion. Results show that both the time required (≥300 Ma from the present) and the process for the next supercontinent formation are sensitive to the choice of critical rheological parameters for mantle dynamics, such as a viscosity contrast between the upper and lower mantles and a yield strength of the lithosphere. From all the numerical models studied herein, mantle drag force by horizontal mantle flow beneath the continents may mostly act as a resistance force for the continental motion in the process of forming a new supercontinent. The maximum absolute magnitude of the tensional and compressional stress acting at the base of the moving continents is in the order of 100 MPa, which is comparable to a typical value of the slab pull force.
Allogeneic major histocompatibility complex antigens are necessary and sufficient for partial tolerance induced by transfusion of pathogen reduced platelets in mice
Authors: Tran Johnson Q. , Muench Marcus O. , Heitman John W. , Jackman Rachael P. 
Published: February 2019

Background And ObjectivesAlloimmunization is common following transfusion with platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) and can cause complications such as platelet refractoriness or transplant rejection. It has previously been shown that pathogen reduction of PRP with riboflavin and UV light (UV+R) can protect against alloimmunization in mice and induce partial tolerance to subsequent transfusions.Materials and MethodsUsing B6 H2d congenic mice, this study evaluated the relative contributions of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens and minor antigens to both the alloresponse to PRP transfusion and the partial tolerance induced by UV+R treatment.ResultsBoth total and MHC‐specific alloantibody responses were highest when both MHC and minor antigens were mismatched, with lower alloantibody responses observed with MHC mismatch alone, demonstrating that allogeneic minor antigens can enhance the response to allogeneic MHC. There was a weak, but significant alloantibody response to minor antigens only. UV+R treatment protected against both major and minor antigen alloimmunization. Both allogeneic MHC and minor antigens primed an enhanced cytokine response ex vivo, though this was weaker with minor antigens, and both responses were blocked with UV+R treatment.ConclusionAllogeneic MHC is both necessary and sufficient to induce the partial tolerance associated with UV+R treatment.
Restoration of a chalk stream using wood: assessment of habitat improvements using the Modular River Survey
Authors: England Judy , Dobbek Lukasz , Finn Leeming Brishan , Gurnell Angela M. , Wharton Geraldene 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe installation of large wood and sediment berms to narrow the overwide channel of the River Bulbourne, Hertfordshire, aimed to restore geomorphological processes, improve channel habitat diversity and increase the amenity value of the park in which the river is located. The Modular River Survey provides a framework and suite of tools for river managers and volunteers to monitor and assess restoration activities. Applying this technique to the River Bulbourne before and after restoration demonstrated that the works increased physical habitat and vegetation complexity. The restored section was narrowed, substrate composition changed and the range of in‐stream vegetation morphotypes increased. The initial slight improvement in riparian habitat complexity immediately following the restoration is expected to increase further over time as the riparian vegetation develops and the restored section of channel matures. A public perception and recreational use survey reviewed how visitor experience and use of the park changed following restoration.
Simulating Ultrasound Tissue Deformation Using Inverse Mapping
Authors: Pepley David F. , Adhikary Sanjib D. , Miller Scarlett R. , Moore Jason Z. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Ultrasound guidance is used for a variety of surgical needle insertion procedures, but there is currently no standard for the teaching of ultrasound skills. Recently, computer ultrasound simulation has been introduced as an alternative teaching method to traditional manikin and cadaver training because of its ability to provide diverse scenario training, quantitative feedback, and objective assessment. Current computer ultrasound training simulation is limited in its ability to image tissue deformation caused by needle insertions, even though tissue deformation identification is a critical skill in performing an ultrasound-guided needle insertion. To fill this need for improved simulation, a novel method of simulating ultrasound tissue–needle deformation is proposed and evaluated. First, a cadaver study is conducted to obtain ultrasound video of a peripheral nerve block. Then, optical flow analysis is conducted on this video to characterize the tissue movement due to the needle insertion. Tissue movement is characterized into three zones of motion: tissue near the needle being pulled, and zones above and below the needle where the tissue rolls. The rolling zones were centered 1.34 mm above and below the needle and 4.53 mm behind the needle. Using this characterization, a vector field is generated mimicking these zones. This vector field is then applied to an ultrasound image using inverse mapping to simulate tissue movement. The resulting simulation can be processed at 3.1 frames per second. This methodology can be applied through future optimized graphical processing to allow for accurate real time needle tissue simulation.
Impact of preexisting dengue immunity on Zika virus emergence in a dengue endemic region
Authors: Rodriguez-Barraquer Isabel , Costa Federico , Nascimento Eduardo J. M. , Nery Nivison , Castanha Priscila M. S. , Sacramento Gielson Almeida , Cruz Jaqueline , Carvalho Mayara , De Olivera Daiana , Hagan José E. , Adhikarla Haritha , Wunder Elsio A. , Coêlho Danilo F. , Azar Sasha R. , Rossi Shannan L. , Vasilakis Nikos , Weaver Scott C. , Ribeiro Guilherme S. , Balmaseda Angel , Harris Eva , Nogueira Maurício L. , Reis Mitermayer G. , Marques Ernesto T. A. , Cummings Derek A. T. , Ko Albert I. 
Published: February 2019

Zika dynamics in South AmericaThe infection dynamics of Zika virus (ZIKV) are difficult to characterize. Many ZIKV infections are asymptomatic, and the clinical presentation of ZIKV is nonspecific. Rodriguez-Barraqueret al.took advantage of a long-term health study under way in Salvador, Brazil, the epicenter of the recent outbreak in the Americas. They used multiple serological assays, from before and after the emergence of ZIKV in October 2015, to distinguish ZIKV immune responses from those against Dengue virus (DENV). About 73% of the population was attacked by ZIKV. The presence of preexisting antibodies to DENV was associated with less risk of ZIKV infection and fewer symptoms.Science, this issue p.607