bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermophysical characterisation of VO2 thin films hysteresis and its application in thermal rectification
Authors: Hamaoui Georges , Horny Nicolas , Gomez-Heredia Cindy Lorena , Ramirez-Rincon Jorge Andres , Ordonez-Miranda Jose , Champeaux Corinne , Dumas-Bouchiat Frederic , Alvarado-Gil Juan Jose , Ezzahri Younes , Joulain Karl , Chirtoc Mihai 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHysteresis loops exhibited by the thermophysical properties of VO2 thin films deposited on either a sapphire or silicon substrate have been experimentally measured using a high frequency photothermal radiometry technique. This is achieved by directly measuring the thermal diffusivity and thermal effusivity of the VO2 films during their heating and cooling across their phase transitions, along with the film-substrate interface thermal boundary resistance. These thermal properties are then used to determine the thermal conductivity and volumetric heat capacity of the VO2 films. A 2.5 enhancement of the VO2 thermal conductivity is observed during the heating process, while its volumetric heat capacity does not show major changes. This sizeable thermal conductivity variation is used to model the operation of a conductive thermal diode, which exhibits a rectification factor about 30% for small temperature differences (≈70 °C) on its terminals. The obtained results grasp thus new insights on the control of heat currents.
SPHIRE-crYOLO is a fast and accurate fully automated particle picker for cryo-EM
Authors: Wagner Thorsten , Merino Felipe , Stabrin Markus , Moriya Toshio , Antoni Claudia , Apelbaum Amir , Hagel Philine , Sitsel Oleg , Raisch Tobias , Prumbaum Daniel , Quentin Dennis , Roderer Daniel , Tacke Sebastian , Siebolds Birte , Schubert Evelyn , Shaikh Tanvir R. , Lill Pascal , Gatsogiannis Christos , Raunser Stefan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSelecting particles from digital micrographs is an essential step in single-particle electron cryomicroscopy (cryo-EM). As manual selection of complete datasets—typically comprising thousands of particles—is a tedious and time-consuming process, numerous automatic particle pickers have been developed. However, non-ideal datasets pose a challenge to particle picking. Here we present the particle picking software crYOLO which is based on the deep-learning object detection system You Only Look Once (YOLO). After training the network with 200–2500 particles per dataset it automatically recognizes particles with high recall and precision while reaching a speed of up to five micrographs per second. Further, we present a general crYOLO network able to pick from previously unseen datasets, allowing for completely automated on-the-fly cryo-EM data preprocessing during data acquisition. crYOLO is available as a standalone program under http://sphire.mpg.de/ and is distributed as part of the image processing workflow in SPHIRE.
Enhancing the predictability and retrodictability of stochastic processes
Authors: Rupprecht Nathaniel , Vural Dervis Can 
Published: June 2019

AbstractScientific inference involves obtaining the unknown properties or behavior of a system in the light of what is known, typically without changing the system. Here we propose an alternative to this approach: a system can be modified in a targeted way, preferably by a small amount, so that its properties and behavior can be inferred more successfully. For the sake of concreteness we focus on inferring the future and past of Markov processes and illustrate our method on two classes of processes: diffusion on random spatial networks, and thermalizing quantum systems.
Medikamentöse Therapie des kardiorenalen Syndroms
Authors: Henrik Heine Gunnar , Brandenburg Vincent , Rogacev Kyrill Sebastian 
Published: June 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGPatienten mit chronischer Nierenerkrankung (CKD) weisen eine massiv erhöhte kardiovaskuläre Morbidität und Mortalität auf. Insbesondere myokardiale Erkrankungen – linksventrikuläre Hypertrophie mit konsekutiver linksventrikulärer Insuffizienz und maligner Arrhythmie – haben bei CKD-Patienten eine zentrale prognostische Bedeutung. Dennoch werden bisher zu selten kardioprotektive Therapiestrategien bei CKD-Patienten eingesetzt. Ein mögliches Argument ist, dass positive Studienergebnisse für die Therapie der Herzinsuffizienz mit reduzierter Ejektionsfraktion (HFREF: Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) nicht unkritisch auf Patienten mit fortgeschrittener CKD übertragen werden dürfen. So hatten die großen Landmark-Trials der vergangenen Jahre Patienten mit höhergradiger Nierenfunktionsstörung zumeist ausgeschlossen, und Nebenwirkungen wie Elektrolytstörungen unter medikamentöser Herzinsuffizienztherapie sind bei CKD-Patienten deutlich häufiger. Unumstritten jedoch ist, dass für Patienten mit moderater CKD und HFREF Subgruppenanalysen der gleichen Landmark-Trials einen prognostischen Benefit einer Therapie mit Inhibitoren des Renin-Aldosteron-Systems und von Betablockern aufzeigen, der zumindest genauso groß ist wie der Benefit bei nierengesunden Patienten mit HFREF. Die Interventionsmöglichkeiten bei HFREF werden sich in den nächsten Jahren erweitern, falls neue Therapiestrategien – insbesondere eine intravenöse Eisensubstitution und SGLT-Inhibitoren – in aktuell laufenden klinischen Studien bei herzinsuffizienten Patienten eine Reduktion kardialer Ereignisse erreichen.
Pathophysiologie des kardiorenalen Syndroms
Authors: Schricker Severin , Kimmel Martin 
Published: June 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDas kardiorenale Syndrom beschreibt die bidirektionale Interaktion zwischen Herz- und Nierenerkrankungen. Eine akute oder chronische Dysfunktion sowohl des Herzens als auch der Nieren kann eine Dysfunktion des jeweils anderen Organs verursachen. Pathophysiologisch spielen bei der akuten Schädigung v. a. hämodynamische Veränderungen und insbesondere die Rechtsherzinsuffizienz (Rückwärtsversagen) mit renal- venöser Stauung und Abnahme des transglomerulären Gradienten eine Rolle. In der Chronifizierung gewinnen v. a. die Hypervolämie und, vermittelt über die neurohormonelle Aktivierung der Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteron-Achse, die glomeruläre und myokardiale Sklerosierung an Bedeutung.
Nierenersatztherapie und Ultrafiltrations-verfahren beim kardiorenalen Syndrom
Authors: Schanz Moritz 
Published: June 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGEine renale Funktionseinschränkung liegt bei etwa 2 Dritteln der akut dekompensierten, herzinsuffizienten Patienten vor. Therapeutisch stehen neben konservativen Optionen auch interventionelle Verfahren zur Verfügung. Die konservativen Therapiemöglichkeiten der akut dekompensierten Herzinsuffizienz kommen gerade bei renaler Insuffizienz oftmals an ihre Grenzen, z. B. durch Entwicklung einer Diuretikaresistenz. In diesem Fall kommen interventionelle Verfahren zum Einsatz – entweder zur alleinigen Ultrafiltration bei isolierter Volumenüberladung oder in Form einer Nierenersatztherapie mittels Hämo- oder Peritonealdialyse. Bei der reinen Ultrafiltration zum Volumenentzug ist die Studienlage uneinheitlich, sodass ein Nutzen unter prognostischen Gesichtspunkten nicht eindeutig belegt ist. Bei zusätzlich bestehenden Zeichen von renal-metabolischen Entgleisungen ist die Dialysetherapie Mittel der Wahl. Hierbei ist besonders die Peritonealdialyse aufgrund der höheren hämodynamischen Stabilität, positiven kardialen Effekte und hohen Patientenautonomie als vorteilhaft hervorzuheben.
Diagnostic performance of the endoscopic pressure study integrated system (EPSIS): a novel diagnostic tool for gastroesophageal reflux disease
Authors: Inoue Haruhiro , Shimamura Yuto , Rodriguez de Santiago Enrique , Kobayashi Yasutoshi , Ominami Masaki , Fujiyoshi Yusuke , Sumi Kazuya , Ikeda Haruo , Onimaru Manabu , Manolakis Anastassios C. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background The endoscopic pressure study integrated system (EPSIS) is a prototypic system for monitoring intragastric pressure (IGP) fluctuations that result from opening of the cardia during gastric distension. The performance of EPSIS for the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) was evaluated.
Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted of data prospectively collected over a 2-year period from 59 patients who underwent gastroscopy, EPSIS, and 24-hour pH monitoring. Using a dedicated electronic device and a through-the-scope catheter, maximum IGP (IGPmax) and IGP waveform pattern (uphill/flat) were recorded.
Results The optimal IGPmax cutoff was 18.7 mmHg. IGPmax < 18.7 mmHg (sensitivity 74.2 %, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 56.8 – 86.3; specificity 57.1 %, 95 %CI 39.1 – 73.5) and flat pattern (sensitivity 71.0 %, 95 %CI 53.4 – 83.9; specificity 82.1 %, 95 %CI 64.4 – 92.1) were associated with GERD. “Double” EPSIS positivity (IGPmax < 18.7 mmHg and flat pattern) provided maximum specificity (85.7 %, 95 %CI 68.5 – 94.3), whereas “any” EPSIS positivity (IGPmax < 18.7 mmHg or flat pattern) provided maximum sensitivity (80.6 %, 95 %CI 63.7 – 90.8). Maximum specificity and sensitivity for nonerosive reflux disease (NERD) was > 70 %. In multivariate analysis, “double” EPSIS positivity was the strongest predictor of GERD (odds ratio [OR] 16.05, 95 %CI 3.23 – 79.7) and NERD (OR 14.7, 95 %CI 2.37 – 90.8).
Conclusion EPSIS emerges as a reliable adjunct to routine gastroscopy for GERD diagnosis, and might prove helpful for the stratification and management of patients with reflux disorders.
Leaf Decoction of Carica papaya Combined with Artesunate Prevents Recrudescence in Plasmodium berghei-Infected Mice
Authors: Sannella Anna Rosa , Karioti Anastasia , Orsini Stefania , Scalone Aldo , Gradoni Luigi , Messori Luigi , Severini Carlo , Bilia Anna Rita 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMalaria treatment and control have become increasingly difficult because of the spread of drug-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax. Thus, there is a continuous need to develop new combination therapies such as artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) to contrast the emergence of resistant Plasmodium strains. Despite ACT has been recommended by the World Health Organization since 2001, its overall deployment in poor endemic areas is very slow, principally due to its high cost. In the malaria endemic areas, plant remedies are still widely used mostly without assurance of their efficacy and/or safety. A variety of widespread herbal drugs or natural products were already reported for their possible plasmodicidal activities, but the studies concerning their activity in combination with artemisinins are very scarce. The antimalarial activity of papaya is mostly anecdotal, and the present study is aimed at investigating the antiplasmodial activity of a decoction obtained by traditional recipe from the mature leaves of Carica papaya. The decoction was analyzed by HPLC-DAD-MS (high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diodoarray detector and mass spectrometry) showing the presence of caffeoyl derivatives and di- and triglycosides of flavonols. The extract was found to be active against P. falciparum 3D7 strains with a synergism in the presence of artemisinin. In vivo activity against the murine malaria model of Plasmodium berghei was disclosed both for the dried extract alone (250, 500, and 750 mg/kg/d) and for its combination with artesunate (250 mg/kg/d papaya plus 10 mg/kg/d artesunate). This combination displayed the greatest antimalarial activity in terms of reduction of parasitemia and prevention of recrudescence in animals recovered from the infection.
Muscular Mitral Chord Contribution to Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction in HOCM
Authors: Ogunmuyiwa Olayinka , Rellecke Philipp , Lichtenberg Artur , Assmann Alexander 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPapillary muscle anomaly with a muscular chord directly attached to the anterior mitral leaflet is a rare mitral valve disease. A 62-year-old man with systolic anterior motion of the anterior mitral leaflet and hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy presented to surgical intervention after unsuccessful transcoronary ablation of septal hypertrophy with alcohol. Intraoperative findings revealed a primarily not detected anomalous muscular mitral chord (0.8 × 2.2 cm) connecting the base of the A1 segment to the anterolateral papillary muscle. Resection of this chord and additional septal myectomy treated systolic anterior motion and obstruction of the outflow tract. In spite of the infrequent occurrence, anomalies of the subvalvular apparatus, such as muscular chords, should be ruled out by thorough transesophageal echocardiography imaging before decision on the therapeutical strategy.
Cardiac Manifestations of Antiphospholipid Syndrome: Clinical Presentation, Role of Cardiac Imaging, and Treatment Strategies
Authors: Tufano Antonella , Di Minno Matteo Nicola Dario , Guida Anna , Lembo Maria , Di Minno Giovanni , Galderisi Maurizio 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAntiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies, vascular thrombosis (venous, arterial, or small vessels), and/or pregnancy morbidity. Diagnosis of APS is based on the presence of at least one clinical criterion (thrombotic events or pregnancy morbidity) and at least one of the laboratory criteria (persistently medium/high titer immunoglobulin G [IgG]/immunoglobulin M [IgM] anticardiolipin antibodies, and/or medium/high titer IgG/IgM anti-β2-glycoprotein I antibodies, and/or a positive lupus anticoagulant test), confirmed after repetition at least 12 weeks apart. The clinical spectrum of APS encompasses additional (extracriteria) clinical manifestations, including cardiac diseases. Heart involvement may become evident as a consequence of direct (autoimmune-mediated) or indirect (thrombosis) mechanisms, and include valve heart disease (vegetations and/or thickening associated with functional abnormalities) and intracardiac thrombosis, coronary, and vascular accelerated atherosclerosis, along with ischemic heart disease. APS can also cause pulmonary arterial hypertension, left ventricular dysfunction, and heart failure. This review describes the major cardiac manifestations of APS and illustrates the role of cardiac imaging for diagnosing subclinical and overt heart involvement and addressing management of these patients. The possible role of therapeutic strategies in cardiac manifestations of APS is also discussed.
High‐fidelity detection and sorting of nanoscale vesicles in viral disease and cancer
Authors: Morales‐Kastresana Aizea , Musich Thomas A. , Welsh Joshua A. , Telford William , Demberg Thorsten , Wood James C. S. , Bigos Marty , Ross Carley D. , Kachynski Aliaksander , Dean Alan , Felton Edward J. , Van Dyke Jonathan , Tigges John , Toxavidis Vasilis , Parks David R. , Overton W. Roy , Kesarwala Aparna H. , Freeman Gordon J. , Rosner Ariel , Perfetto Stephen P. , Pasquet Lise , Terabe Masaki , McKinnon Katherine , Kapoor Veena , Trepel Jane B. , Puri Anu , Kobayashi Hisataka , Yung Bryant , Chen Xiaoyuan , Guion Peter , Choyke Peter , Knox Susan J. , Ghiran Ionita , Robert‐Guroff Marjorie , Berzofsky Jay A. , Jones Jennifer C. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTBiological nanoparticles, including viruses and extracellular vesicles (EVs), are of interest to many fields of medicine as biomarkers and mediators of or treatments for disease. However, exosomes and small viruses fall below the detection limits of conventional flow cytometers due to the overlap of particle‐associated scattered light signals with the detection of background instrument noise from diffusely scattered light. To identify, sort, and study distinct subsets of EVs and other nanoparticles, as individual particles, we developed nanoscale Fluorescence Analysis and Cytometric Sorting (nanoFACS) methods to maximise information and material that can be obtained with high speed, high resolution flow cytometers. This nanoFACS method requires analysis of the instrument background noise (herein defined as the “reference noise”). With these methods, we demonstrate detection of tumour cell‐derived EVs with specific tumour antigens using both fluorescence and scattered light parameters. We further validated the performance of nanoFACS by sorting two distinct HIV strains to >95% purity and confirmed the viability (infectivity) and molecular specificity (specific cell tropism) of biological nanomaterials sorted with nanoFACS. This nanoFACS method provides a unique way to analyse and sort functional EV‐ and viral‐subsets with preservation of vesicular structure, surface protein specificity and RNA cargo activity.
Bayesian optimization in ab initio nuclear physics
Authors: Ekström A , Forssén C , Dimitrakakis C , Dubhashi D , Johansson H T , Muhammad A S , Salomonsson H , Schliep A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Theoretical models of the strong nuclear interaction contain unknown coupling constants (parameters) that must be determined using a pool of calibration data. In cases where the models are complex, leading to time consuming calculations, it is particularly challenging to systematically search the corresponding parameter domain for the best fit to the data. In this paper, we explore the prospect of applying Bayesian optimization to constrain the coupling constants in chiral effective field theory descriptions of the nuclear interaction. We find that Bayesian optimization performs rather well with low-dimensional parameter domains and foresee that it can be particularly useful for optimization of a smaller set of coupling constants. A specific example could be the determination of leading three-nucleon forces using data from finite nuclei or three-nucleon scattering experiments.
Stereotactical fields applied in proton spot scanning mode with range shifter and collimating aperture
Authors: Bäumer C , Fuentes C , Janson M , Matic A , Timmermann B , Wulff J 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Some clinical indications require small fields with sharp lateral dose gradients, which is technically challenging in proton beam therapy. This holds especially true for low-range fields applied with the spot scanning technique, where large beam profiles entering from the beam-line or the insertion of range shifting blocks lead to large lateral gradients. We regard the latter case and solve it by shifting the range shifting block far upstream in conjunction with a collimating aperture close to the patient. The experiments of the current work are based on a commercial proton therapy treatment head designed for several delivery modes. In a research environment of the spot-scanning delivery mode a range shifter is inserted downstream of the scanning magnets in a slot which is usually employed only in a scattering delivery mode. This configuration is motivated by equations assuming a simple model of proton transport. In the experiments lateral dose planes are acquired with a scintillation screen and radiochromic films. Dose distributions are calculated with the Monte Carlo dose engine of the RayStation treatment planning system. We demonstrate that proton fields with 80%–20% lateral dose fall-off values between 1.4 mm and 4.0 mm can be achieved for water equivalent depths between 0 cm and 10 cm. The simulated lateral dose profiles agree with the experimental dose profiles. The sharpening of the field edges is set off by a broadening of the proton spots towards the center of the fields. This limits the clinical application mainly to small fields for which the distal and proximal conformality is of minor importance.
An assessment of indoor radon level in a suburb of Ghana
Authors: Kitson-Mills Doris , Sovoe Simon , Opoku-Ntim Irene , Kyei Kofi Adesi , Marnotey Stephen , Anim-Sampong Samuel , Kwabeng Michael Addo , Otoo Francis , Baiden Frank 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Radiation and radioactive isotopes form part of our natural environment. Elevated levels of these radioactive isotopes in the environment can pose a threat to our health. A greater proportion of the natural radiation is from the radioactive gas radon. Although it cannot be detected by human senses, radon and its progenies are of health concern as it can cause lung cancer when inhaled over a period of time. This study sought to provide baseline indoor radon data, the life time risk of lung cancer and its interpretation within a suburb of Ghana. Solid State Nuclear Track Detector (LR-115 type II) was deployed in 82 homes within a suburb for a period of three months (September 2017- January 2018). Indoor radon concentration (IRC) for the suburb was within the range of 4.1–176.3 Bq m−3. With mean 57 ± 39 Bq m−3. The mean radon exposure to the dwellers was recorded as 0.12 ± 0.08 WLMy−1 resulting in 0.7 ± 0.5 mSvy−1 effective dose to the lung with an excess lifetime cancer risk of 0.39 ± 0.26%. There was a positive correlation between indoor radon concentration and the building type and the association was significant with a P value of 0.047.
Reorganization of Sound Location Processing in the Auditory Cortex of Blind Humans
Authors: van der Heijden Kiki , Formisano Elia , Valente Giancarlo , Zhan Minye , Kupers Ron , de Gelder Beatrice 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Auditory spatial tasks induce functional activation in the occipital—visual—cortex of early blind humans. Less is known about the effects of blindness on auditory spatial processing in the temporal—auditory—cortex. Here, we investigated spatial (azimuth) processing in congenitally and early blind humans with a phase-encoding functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigm. Our results show that functional activation in response to sounds in general—independent of sound location—was stronger in the occipital cortex but reduced in the medial temporal cortex of blind participants in comparison with sighted participants. Additionally, activation patterns for binaural spatial processing were different for sighted and blind participants in planum temporale. Finally, fMRI responses in the auditory cortex of blind individuals carried less information on sound azimuth position than those in sighted individuals, as assessed with a 2-channel, opponent coding model for the cortical representation of sound azimuth. These results indicate that early visual deprivation results in reorganization of binaural spatial processing in the auditory cortex and that blind individuals may rely on alternative mechanisms for processing azimuth position.
Six vs Eight Weeks of Antibiotics for Small Mycobacterium ulcerans Lesions in Australian Patients
Authors: O’Brien Daniel P , Friedman N Deborah , Cowan Raquel , Walton Aaron , Athan Eugene 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
Antibiotics are highly effective in curing Mycobacterium ulcerans lesions, but are associated with significant toxicity. In those not undergoing surgery, we compared 6 weeks with the currently recommended 8 weeks of combination antibiotic therapy for small M. ulcerans lesions.

Methods
Mycobacterium ulcerans cases from an observational cohort at Barwon Health, Victoria, treated with antibiotics alone from 1 October 2010 to 31 March 2018 were included. The 6-week antibiotic group received ≥28 days and ≤42 days and the 8-week antibiotic group received ≥56 days of antibiotic therapy, respectively. Only World Health Organization category 1 lesions were included.

Results
207 patients were included; 53 (25.6%) in the 6-week group and 154 (74.4%) in the 8-week group. The median age of patients was 53 years (interquartile range [IQR], 33–69 years) and 100 (48.3%) were female. Lesions were ≤900 mm2 in size in 79.7% of patients and 93.2% were ulcerative. Fifty-three patients (100%) achieved treatment cure in the 6-week group compared with 153 (99.4%) in the 8-week group (P = .56). No patients died or were lost to follow-up during the study. Median time to heal was 70 days (IQR, 60–96 days) in the 6-week group and 128 days (IQR, 95–173 days) in the 8-week group (P &lt; .001). Two (3.8%) patients in the 6-week group experienced a paradoxical reaction compared with 39 (25.3%) patients in the 8-week group (P = .001).

Conclusions
For selected small M. ulcerans lesions, 6 weeks may be as effective as 8 weeks of combined antibiotic therapy in curing lesions without surgery.