bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circulating Tumor Cells Identify Patients with Super-High-Risk Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: Updated Outcome Analysis of a Prospective Single-Center Trial
Authors: Nicolazzo Chiara , Busetto Gian Maria , Gradilone Angela , Sperduti Isabella , del Giudice Francesco , Loreni Flavia , Cortesi Enrico , de Berardinis Ettore , Gazzaniga Paola , Raimondi Cristina 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background
Clinical behavior of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is largely unpredictable, and even patients treated according to European Association of Urology recommendations have a heterogeneous prognosis. High-grade T1 (HGT1) bladder cancer is the highest-risk subtype of NMIBC, with an almost 40% rate of recurrence and 20% of progression at 5 years. Nomograms predicting risk of recurrence, progression, and cancer-specific survival (CSS) are not available specifically within HGT1 bladder cancer, and the identification of robust prognostic biomarkers to better guide therapeutic strategies in this subgroup of patients is of paramount importance. Strategies to identify putative biomarkers in liquid biopsies from blood and urine collected from patients with bladder cancer have been intensively studied in the last few years.

Subjects, Materials, and Methods
We here report the final analysis of a single-center prospective study aimed to investigate the impact of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) on CSS and overall survival (OS) in 102 patients with HGT1 bladder cancer, in a median follow-up of 63 months.

Results
We here demonstrate that the presence of even a single CTC is predictive of shorter CSS and OS, as compared with the standard predictive variables. Points of attention in this multivariable analysis are the long-term follow-up and the adequate number of outcome events.

Conclusion
The accurate risk stratification provided by CTCs might be essential for determining the best surveillance strategy for patients after diagnosis. A closer follow-up, an early radical surgery, or even a systemic treatment might be recommended in patients with super-high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
Trends in Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy for Advanced Urothelial Cell Carcinoma at the End of Life: Insights from Real-World Practice
Authors: Parikh Ravi B. , Galsky Matthew D. , Gyawali Bishal , Riaz Fauzia , Kaufmann Tara L. , Cohen Aaron B. , Adamson Blythe J.S. , Gross Cary P. , Meropol Neal J. , Mamtani Ronac 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Several immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies (CPIs) have been approved to treat metastatic urothelial cell carcinoma (mUC). Because of the favorable toxicity profile of CPI compared with chemotherapy, oncologists may have a low threshold to prescribe CPI to patients near the end of life. We evaluated trends in initiation of end-of-life systemic therapy in 1,637 individuals in the Flatiron Health Database who were diagnosed with mUC between 2015 and 2017 and who died. Rates of systemic therapy initiation in the last 30 and 60 days of life were 17.0% and 29.8%, respectively. The quarterly proportion of patients who initiated CPI within 60 days of death increased from 1.0% to 23% during the study period (ptrend &lt; .001). After CPI approval, end-of-life CPI initiation significantly increased among patients with poor performance status (ptrend = .020) and did not significantly change among individuals with good performance status. The quarterly proportion of patients who initiated any systemic therapy at the end of life doubled (17.4% to 34.8%) during the study period, largely explained by increased CPI use. These findings suggest a dramatic rise in CPI use at the end of life in patients with mUC, a finding that may have important guideline and policy implications.
Akut pankreatitli hastalarda akut böbrek hasarını öngörmedeki nötrofil lenfosit oranının rolü
Authors: Bıyık Zeynep 
Published: April 2019

Giriş ve Amaç: Bir inflamasyon belirteci olan nötrofil lenfosit oranının çeşitli hastalıklarda akut böbrek hasarı gelişimini predikte ettiği gösterilmiştir. Biz de akut pankreatitte akut böbrek hasarını predikte etmede nötrofil lenfosit oranının rolünü araştırmayı amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu retrospektif çalışmaya Eylül 2016 ve Eylül 2018 yılları arasında Selçuk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi’nde akut pankreatit tanısı ile takip edilen 186 hasta dahil edildi. Akut pankreatit tanısı ve şiddetinin belirlenmesinde Atlanta sınıflaması kullanıldı. Hastaların acile ilk başvuru sırasındaki laboratuvar değerleri ve prognostik skorlama sistemleri kullanıldı. Akut böbrek hasarı tanısı ve evrelemesi için KDIGO kriterleri kullanıldı. Bulgular: Çalışmaya alınan 186 hastanın yaş ortalaması 59.3±17.3 olup %59.7’si kadındı. Hastaların %26.3’ünde akut böbrek hasarı gelişmişti. Akut böbrek hasarı gelişen hastalar akut böbrek hasarı gelişmeyen hastalarla karşılaştırıldığında daha ileri yaşta oldukları ve hipertansiyon sıklığının daha fazla olduğu görüldü (her ikisi için p &lt;0.001). Akut böbrek hasarı gelişen hastaların yatış süreleri ve yoğun bakım yatış süreleri anlamlı olarak uzun bulundu (her ikisi için p=0.001). Akut böbrek hasarı grubunda beyaz küre ve nötrofil sayıları anlamlı olarak yüksek bulunurken lenfosit sayısı anlamlı olarak düşük bulundu (her üçü için de p &lt;0.001). Hastaneye kabulde bakılan nötrofil lenfosit oranı ve C-reaktif protein de akut böbrek hasarı grubunda anlamlı olarak daha yüksekti (her ikisi için p &lt;0.001). Hematokrit, trombosit ve kırmızı kan hücreleri dağılım genişliği değerleri her iki grupta benzerdi (p &gt;0.05). Akut pankreatit hastalarında akut böbrek hasarı gelişimini bağımsız olarak predikte eden faktörleri belirlemek için yapılan multivariate regresyon analizinde yaş (OR: 0.964, %95 CI: 0.925-1.004, p: 0.008), nötrofil lenfosit oranı (OR: 1.096, %95 CI: 1.028-1.170, p: 0.005) ve BISAP skoru (OR: 6.582, %95 CI: 2.810-15.414, p &lt;0.001) bağımsız etkili faktörler olarak belirlendi. Akut böbrek hasarını öngörmede nötrofil lenfosit oranının ROC eğrisinin altında kalan alan (area under curve) 0.813 (%95 CI 0.742-0.883), 11.24 kesme değeri için duyarlılık %73.4 ve özgüllük ise %81.4 olarak tespit edildi. Sonuç: Hastaneye kabulde bakılan nötrofil lenfosit oranı akut pankreatitli hastalarda akut böbrek hasarı gelişimini predikte etmede faydalı bir belirteç olabilir.
Social entrepreneurship in Russia: current state and development features
Authors: Ivashchenko N. P. , Bulygina N. I. 
Published: April 2019

Purpose: this work aims to analyze the current development of social entrepreneurship in Russia, identify the characteristic features that accompany the development of the phenomenon, and analyze the financial sustainability of modern Russian social enterprises.Methods: to achieve the stated goal, theoretical research methods – abstraction, analysis and synthesis were used. With the help of these methods, first of all, for the theoretical basis of the concept (review and evaluation of existing approaches to the definition of a phenomenon and similar concepts, as well as developing definition for research purposes), identifying problems of the conceptual apparatus and criteria in practice. As a result, the issues of qualitative and quantitative research of the phenomenon in Russia, as well as for a comparative analysis of social enterprises, supported by a specialized fund in 2015 (data provided by SPARK database). The paper also applied methods of empirical research, economic and, in some cases, financial analysis, namely, a comparison of companies in the sample of interest using the general methodology of financial comparison of enterprises. Within the framework of the study, the composition, direction and lifetime of social and entrepreneurial projects are analyzed using the example of a specific sample, and a formal, legally formalized representation of enterprises of social entrepreneurship in the Spark database.Results: the study showed that at the current time the analysis of the activities of many social enterprises is significantly hampered by their chosen organizational and legal form of activity, many enterprises are unstable or have ceased operations.Conclusions and Relevance: the study found that modern social enterprises have a heterogeneous composition and often a very unstable financial situation several years after receiving support. This result allows us to conclude that it is necessary to test the initial hypotheses on a larger sample. So, the further study of the conditionality of the duration of the "life" of the social enterprise with the initial parameters of the enterprise, such as, for example, the organizational legal form, and also the dependence of the duration of active entrepreneurial activity on the chosen social orientation – after all, small and medium enterprises themselves are rather unstable structures. Based on the conducted research, a hypothesis is also put forward on the need for comprehensive and long-term support of social and entrepreneurial projects.
Domestic engineering as a factor of scientific and technological development of the Russian economy
Authors: Borisov V. N. , Pochukaevа O. V. 
Published: April 2019

Purpose:study of the impact of innovation and technological development of engineering industries on the effectiveness of the impact of engineering factors on the growth and development of the economy.Methods: in conducting the study, the methods and tools developed by the authors based on the scientific base and the mathematical apparatus used in economic and statistical research were used.Results: the following tasks were solved: analysis of the efficiency of the functioning of the engineering industries in terms of contribution to the formation of gross value added, import substitution and export of products; analysis of the development of engineering production and its impact on the economy of the regions of the Russian Federation. Quantitative estimates of the effectiveness of the structural and dynamic indicators of the functioning of engineering industries have been obtained. This made it possible to evaluate the effectiveness of the machinebuilding factor impact on the growth and development of the economy of the regions of the Russian Federation.Conclusions and Relevance: a special place of engineering in the structure of the economy determines the energy of its positive impact on the development of the entire industrial complex of the Russian Federation. The increase in the share of GVA, the growth of exports and import substitution indicates a positive shift in engineering towards the growth of competitiveness. Modernization of as a system of measures aimed at expanding the production base at a new technological level using the groundwork of domestic science and attracting advanced technologies is a necessary condition for involving other manufacturing industries and the entire real economy in the process of innovation and technological reequipment. It has been established that in regions with a higher level of production diversification, the influence of the mechanical-engineering factor is increasing, which contributes to an increase in the efficiency of the processing industries. The relevance of our research is due to the need to obtain quantitative estimates of the effectiveness of the functioning of the regions under the influence of a combination of factors of innovation and technological development of mechanical engineering.
PERAN STRESOR HARIAN, OPTIMISME DAN REGULASI DIRI TERHADAP KUALITAS HIDUP INDIVIDU DENGAN DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2
Authors: Kusumadewi Melina Dian 
Published: April 2019

<p>The aim of this research is to analyze the role of daily stress, optimsm and self regulation toward the quality of life of type 2 individual with diabetic mellitus. The hypothesis of this research are: 1). There is a negative relationship between daily stress and quality of life; 2). Optimsm as moderate relation between daily stress and quality of life; 3). Autonom self regulation as moderate relation between daily stress and quality of life; 4). Controlled self regulation as mediator relation daily stress and quality of life. Research Methodology: The research is conducted among individuals who were diagnosed with type 2 diabetic mellitus in Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta. There are 64 subjects who completed the research tools (daily stress, optimism, self regulation and quality of life scale) started from January 4th– February 12 2010. The research shows that there is a negative relation between daily stress and quality of life (r = 0,265; F = 22,304; p = 0,000; p &lt; 0,01; significant). The result of moderate regression analysis shows optimsm is not moderate variable, but autonom self regulation is moderate variable (β = 0,004; p &lt; 0,001; significant). The result of path analysis shows that controlled self regulation is mediator relation of daily stress and quality of life (p = 0,045; p &lt; 0,05; significant). There is a negative significant relation between daily stress and quality of life. Optimism is not significant as moderate variable relation between daily stress and quality of life. Autonom regulation is significant as moderate relation between daily stress and quality of life. Controlled self regulation is significant as mediator relation of daily stress and quality of life.</p><p> </p>
Functional and cost- benefits of geosynthetics as subgrade reinforcement in the design of flexible pavement
Authors: Sivapriya S. Vijayasimhan , Ganesh-Kumar Shanmugam 
Published: April 2019

The vertical stress exerted by the vehicles will be high in a populated road and to increase the bearing capacity of subgrade characteristics, geosynthetic material can be used. In the current study different geosynthetic material such as geo-grid, geo-textile and geo-membrane were used to as a subgrade reinforcement member inside the CBR mould for understanding the improvement in subgrade for single, two and three geosynthetic layering in the CBR mould. The results show there was a constant increase in the bearing with the increase in a number of layers and this improvement varied with type of geosynthetic materials also. Among three geosynhteic materials, geogrid shows improved CBR characteristics. Finally, Cost analysis and design of flexible pavement were carried for an optimum number of layers for geogrids. There was reduction of about 6.38% in the cost of construction when using geogrid as subgrade reinforcement member.
An Integrated Study of Water Coning Control with Downhole Water Sink Completion Approaches in Multilayered - Strong Water Drive Reservoir to Improve Oil Recovery
Authors: Jupriansyah Jupriansyah 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
A reservoir with bottom water drive mechanism has a high tendency to generate water coning effect in their production life. As a result of water coning phenomenon, the well has a low critical safe rate which limits the productivity of the reservoir. Consequently, a new innovation for completion design in an oil well with a bottom aquifer drive is needed. The author offers a Downhole Water Sink (DWS) system to solve this problem.
DWS is a dual completion design innovation where two tubing strings are installed into the well to produce both water and oil simultaneously by different tubing. The main principle of DWS is to create a stable pressure drawdown in oil and water zone so that a stable oil-water contact is formed. DWS application in a multilayered reservoir expected to be able to resolve the water coning phenomenon thus the recovery factor increased and the well becomes economic to be produced. In this paper, the study approach involved by numerical simulation within IMPES methodology (Implicit Pressure Explicit Saturation) and Thomas’s algorithm to solve iteration. Completion modeling is creating two wells on the similar coordinate in several layered reservoirs aims to produce oil and water separately on tubing on the well.
The percentage of water cut on oil production tubing is 0% while the percentage of water cut on water production tubing is 100%. This thing shows that DWS completion system will give a greater cumulative oil production in a high production rate and the oil is oil-free water. It is observed that the successful implementation of DWS in a multilayered reservoir is taken place. The well with DWS design configuration for the WDP system shows a better performance of oil productivity compares to a conventional well completion design. This result is supported by no water production observed at oil production tubing on the surface well level. There are some parameters that affect DWS system application modeling i.e. mobility ratio, vertical and absolute horizontal permeability (kv & kh) also perforation interval.
Down-Hole Water Sink is an appropriate innovation to eliminate water coning and producing oil with high recovery factor. DWS application in a multilayered reservoir with bottom aquifer driving mechanism shows a better performance of oil productivity compares to a conventional well completion design. This result is supported by no water production observed at oil production tubing on the surface well level.
A Case Study on Treating Oil Contaminants and Heavy Metal of Produced Water Through Phytoremediation Using Reed Bed Technology: A Success Story of 15 Years Operation of Heglig Oil Field of Sudan
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Ibrahim Yasir , Atta Badrelddin , Singh Vijendra , Musa Elmubarak Omer , Razak Chik Adnan , Tripathi Bamdeo , Vidyasagar V. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Produced water is an inextricable part of the hydrocarbon recovery processes. Safe and environmentally benign disposal of produced water is a major concern for all the oil fields across the world in the present low cost and stringent environmental & statutory compliance era. Many technology available in the market to treat produced water oil contaminants but economical treatment of heavy metal content is still a great challenges for oil industries for safe disposal.
Therefore, New innovative technology i.e. Reed bed technology has been adopted in Heglig field of Sudan to treat the produced water and heavy metal economically through phytoremediation. After successful implementation in Heglig oil field, it is being implemented in other surrounding oil field also.
It is probably a world largest Phytoremediation/Bio-remediation system using Reed Bed technology operating successfully for last 15 years. It is environmental friendly, solar energy driven clean up techniques. This paper not only elucidate, how reed bed removes oil contaminants and heavy metals but also provide clear picture of how this project provide shelter for flora, fauna, other species that help to maintain ecological and environmental balance. Research has also demonstrated that reed-bed technology is feasible and resilient in treating oil produced water
Application of Pseudo Voidage Replacement Ratio Pseudo VRR Concept to Optimize 5 Spot Polymer Flood: A Mangala Field Case Study
Authors: Grover Kavish , Kolay Jayabrata , Kumar Ritesh , Ghosh Priyam , Shekhar Sunit , Agrawal Nitesh , Das Joyjit 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
For any typical water flood or polymer flood management, maintaining optimum Voidage Replacement Ratio (VRR) is most crucial for optimizing reservoir performance. In a typical patternflood, a single injector supports many nearby producers, determining its contribution to particular producer is subjective and has inherent uncertainties. To avoid these uncertainties in allocation factor, a novel approach using simulation model based voidage compensation on pattern by pattern basis has been proposed in this paper.
History matched simulation model, which has been sectored into 5-spot producer centric patterns, forms the basis of this study. Voidage replacements are analyzed on these producer centric 5-spot patterns. Sectoral voidage created is determined using change in hydrocarbon pore volume (HCPV), water pore volume (WPV) and production from the sector. Sectoral Voidage Compensation Ratio (or Pseudo VRR) thus calculated is representative of the net change due to injection and production. The advantage is that it does not require any numerical allocation factor, rather is based on fluid movements within a pattern as predicted by the simulation model. This method thus provides a new approach to analyze pattern performance.
Along with VRR, pattern wise recovery and interwell channeling/cycling are the key parameters for any water flood performance analysis. A workflow has been proposed to rank the patterns based on these parameters and categorizing them into problem buckets. Actions corresponding to each bucket have been proposed. This forms the basis of strategizing improvements in well-by-well and pattern-by-pattern performance for optimizing field performance.
Gas Assisted Gravity Drainage GAGD for Improving Recovery from a Field in North-East India
Authors: Baruah Nabajit , Mandal Dipak , Jena Smita Swarupa , Sahu Sunil Kumar 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This paper examines the prospect of Gas Assisted Gravity Drainage (GAGD) process in improving recovery from a sandstone reservoir by injecting produced gas back into the crestal part of the reservoir. Besides recovery improvement, immiscible gas injection ensures near Zero Flaring strategy. The process has been found to be ideal in reservoirs with high permeability and reasonable dip to maximize oil production wherever a sufficient gas source exists. Based on the study, gas injection is recommended at the crestal part of the reservoir under study at the rate equivalent to the produced gas to maintain pressure, arrest gas cap shrinkage and improve recovery.
Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence as a Complement to Condition Monitoring in a Predictive Maintenance Setting
Authors: Settemsdal Stig 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
In recent years, the oil and gas industry has gained greater operational efficiencies and productivity by deploying advanced technologies, such as smart sensors, data analytics, artificial intelligence and machine learning — all linked via Internet of Things connectivity. This transformation is profound, but just starting. Leading offshore E&P operators envision using such applications to help drive their production costs to as low as $7 per barrel or less. A large North Sea operator among them successfully deployed a low-manned platform in the Ivar Aasen field in December 2016, operating it via redundant control rooms — one on the platform, the other onshore 1,000 kilometers away in Trondheim, Norway. In January 2019, the offshore control room operators handed over the platform's control to the onshore operators, and it is now managed exclusively from the onshore one. One particular application — remote condition monitoring of equipment — supports a proactive, more predictive condition-based maintenance program, which is helping to ensure equipment availability, maximize utilization, and find ways to improve performance. This paper will explain the use case in greater detail, including insights into how artificial intelligence and machine learning are incorporated into this operational model. Also described will be the application of a closed-loop lifecycle platform management model, using the concepts of digital twins from pre-FEED and FEED phases through construction, commissioning, and an expected lifecycle spanning 20 years of operations. It is derived from an update to a paper presented at the 2018 SPE Offshore Technology Conference (OTC) that introduced the use case in its 2017-18 operating model, but that was before the debut of the platform's exclusive monitoring of its operations by its onshore control room.