bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asserting epistemic modals
Authors: Rudin Deniz 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The paper formalizes a change of camera angle on the classic Stalnakerian account of assertion, foregrounding that the speaker is presenting herself as though she knows the sentence she’s uttered to be true, and deriving context update from a proposal that the context set be modified so as to become a member of the same property of epistemic states as the speaker’s. The resulting formalization is one on which often, but crucially not always, an assertion serves to propose that the context set be intersected with the denotation of the sentence that has been uttered. Rather than assigning ad hoc update effects to epistemic modals, exceptional updates for epistemic modals fall out of the interaction between the speaker-oriented epistemicity of epistemic modals and the speaker-oriented epistemicity of assertion. This circumvents arguments that disagreement over epistemic modals is fatal to a solipsistic contextualist account of their semantics. The model builds a bridge from truth-conditional semantics to expressivist update effects via a uniform conception of assertive update, and shows how relativist effects can be derived using a relativist illocutionary machinery, rather than a relativist semantic machinery.
Value of systemic inflammation markers for the detection of minimal and prediction of overt hepatic encephalopathy after TIPS insertion
Authors: Tiede Anja , Stockhoff Lena , Ehrenbauer Alena F. , Rieland Hannah , Cornberg Markus , Meyer Bernhard C. , Gabriel Maria M. , Wedemeyer Heiner , Hinrichs Jan B. , Weissenborn Karin , Falk Christine S. , Maasoumy Benjamin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Development of overt hepatic encephalopathy (oHE) is a particularly feared complication when considering treatment with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS). However, the pathophysiology of HE, in particular after TIPS-insertion, is complex and valid predictors remain scarce. We aimed to investigate whether systemic inflammation markers (SIM) are linked to minimal (mHE) and overt HE (oHE) development before and after TIPS. 62 prospectively recruited patients undergoing TIPS-insertion were included and monitored for oHE occurrence two years thereafter. Patients underwent psychometric testing including the portosystemic encephalopathy syndrome test (PSE), yielding the psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score (PHES), and Animal Naming Test (ANT) before TIPS (baseline) and during structured follow-up 1, 3, 6 and 12 months afterwards. SIM (IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β) were measured at corresponding timepoints. Patients were predominantly male (64.5%) with a median age of 58 years and MELD of 11. The majority (75.8%) received a TIPS for treatment of refractory ascites. 67.9% presented with mHE before TIPS. No link between the investigated SIM and PHES or ANT at baseline or during any follow-up was documented. 19 (30.6%) patients developed oHE during follow-up. Neither baseline SIM levels nor test results were significantly associated with risk for oHE. We demonstrated a significant decline of all SIM during follow-up, which did not translate to an ameliorated risk for oHE. In patients undergoing TIPS-insertion, the selected SIM have neither a strong link to post-TIPS-oHE development nor to subclinical changes in psychometric tests for mHE.
A multi-stage feature selection method to improve classification of potential super-agers and cognitive decliners using structural brain MRI data—a UK biobank study
Authors: Mohammadiarvejeh Parvin , Fili Mohammad , Dawson Alice , Klinedinst Brandon S. , Wang Qian , Moody Shannin , Barnett Neil , Pollpeter Amy , Larsen Brittany , Li Tianqi , Willette Sara A. , Mochel Jonathan P. , Allenspach Karin , Hu Guiping , Willette Auriel A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCognitive aging is described as the age-related decline in areas such as memory, executive function, reasoning, and processing speed. Super-Agers, adults over 80 years old, have cognitive function performance comparable to middle-aged adults. To improve cognitive reserve and potentially decrease Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk, it is essential to contrast changes in regional brain volumes between “Positive-Agers” who have superior cognitive performance compared to their age peers but are not 80 years old yet and aging adults who show cognitive decline (i.e., “Cognitive Decliners”). Using longitudinal cognitive tests over 7–9 years in UK Biobank, principal component analysis (PCA) was first applied to four cognitive domains to create a general cognition (GC) composite score. The GC score was then used to identify latent cognitive groups. Given cognitive groups as the target variable and structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) data and demographics as predictors, we developed a multi-stage feature selection algorithm to identify the most important features. We then trained a Random Forest (RF) classifier on the final set of 54 selected sMRI and covariate predictors to distinguish between Positive-Agers and Cognitive Decliners. The RF model achieved an AUC of 73%. The top 6 features were age, education, brain total surface area, the area of pars orbitalis, mean intensity of the thalamus, and superior frontal gyrus surface area. Prediction of cognitive trajectory types using sMRI may improve our understanding of successful cognitive aging.
Quantifying morphologic variations as an alternate to standard response criteria for unresectable primary liver tumors after checkpoint inhibition therapy
Authors: Saccenti Laetitia , Varble Nicole , Borde Tabea , Mikhail Andrew S. , Kassin Michael , Levy Elliot , Xu Sheng , Hazen Lindsey A. , Ukeh Ifechi , Vasco Cyndi , Duffy Austin G. , Xie Changqing , Monge Cecilia , Mabry Donna , Greten Tim F. , Wood Bradford J. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Purpose
The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of quantifying morphologic changes in tumors during immunotherapy, as a reflection of response or survival.

Methods and materials
A retrospective single-center analysis was performed in patients with unresectable liver cancer previously enrolled in clinical trials combining immunotherapy (tremelimumab ± durvalumab) and locoregional treatment (either ablation or transarterial chemoembolization). Conventional response (RECIST 1.1) was assessed at 6-month follow-up. For morphologic assessment, the largest target lesion was manually segmented on axial slices in two dimensions using contrast-enhanced CT. Solidity and circularity of tumors were calculated at baseline, 3-month follow-up, and at 6-months follow-up. Survival analysis was performed.

Results
From the 68 patients enrolled in clinical trials, 28 did not have target lesions separate from lesions treated by locoregional therapies, and 3 had no follow-up imaging. Thirty-seven patients (9 with biliary cancer and 28 with hepatocellular carcinoma) were included. Shape features and shape variation were not correlated with RECIST 1.1 status at 6-month follow-up. However, patients with low solidity tumors at 6-month follow-up showed poorer prognosis compared with patients with high solidity tumors at 6-month follow-up (p = 0.01). Solidity variation analysis confirmed that a decrease of tumor solidity at 6-month follow-up was associated with poorer prognosis (p = 0.01). No association was found between shape features at baseline or shape features at 3-month follow-up with overall survival.

Conclusion
Evolution and variation of tumor morphology during treatment may reflect or correlate with outcomes and contribute toward adapted response criteria.
Glycine-modified chitosan-embedded silver nanoparticles: a green approach to Pb2+ adsorption and bioactivity enhancement
Authors: Kannaiyan Suba , Gopal Andal , Lakshmipathy R. , Ali Daoud , Alarifi Saud , Geetha Mithra , Sadasivuni Kishor Kumar 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGlycine-modified chitosan anchored silver nanoparticles (SCG) were synthesized using a green method without a cross-linking agent. UV–Vis, FTIR, XRD, TEM and SEM techniques confirmed the formation of the SCG nanocomposite and silver nanoparticles. The SCG nanoparticles, estimated at 20 nm, are smaller than the chitosan stabilized Ag (SC) nanoparticles. The biological significance of the SCG nanoparticles was assessed through their anti-oxidant and antibacterial activities. SCG nanoparticles demonstrated significant anti-oxidant activity with an IC50 of 133 µg ml−1, surpassing that of SC nanoparticles. The ZoI of was found to be 30 mm for the S. aureus and E. coli bacterial strains indicating excellent antimicrobial activity. The efficiency of SCG nanoparticles in removing Pb2+ ions was tested using a batch adsorption process. A Central Composite Design (CCD) was employed to optimize the independent variables, and ANOVA results indicated the CCD model’s reliability and significance with a p-value < 0.0001. The SCG nanoparticles exhibited a high Pb2+ ion loading capacity of 270.2 mg g−1 from aqueous solution with a removal efficiency of 93%. Isotherm and kinetic investigations of the equilibrium data suggest the suitability of Langmuir and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. Thermodynamic studies revealed the process’s spontaneity and exothermic nature. The mechanism of adsorption was found to be ion exchange with a mean potential energy (Es) of 9.4 kJ/mol. These findings suggest that glycine-modified chitosan anchored silver nanoparticles have promising applications in biological and environmental domains.
Fabrication of Biomimetic Cell Culture Membranes Using Robust and Reusable Nickel Micropillar Molds
Authors: Otomo Taiki , Noh Hyunsoo , Matsubara Tatsuya , Kim Deok-Ho , Ikeuchi Masashi , Yoshida Kazuhiro , Kim Joon-wan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn the practical application of organ-on-a-chip, mass production technology for flexible porous membranes is an essential element for mimicking the basement membrane of the body. Porous PDMS membrane is a promising material due to its high optical transparency, flexibility, and biocompatibility. However, the fabrication process is complex and costly. Even with soft lithography, a relatively straightforward method, there is a risk that the negative resist pillars used as molds peeling off from the substrate in mass production. In this study, we propose a novel mass production method for fabricating porous PDMS membranes using high-strength nickel (Ni) micropillars as molds by combining photolithography and electroforming technologies. The unibody structure of Ni micropillars ensures high reliability and provides a semi-permanent mold without degradation or detachment. We successfully fabricated two types of Ni micropillars and subsequently formed their corresponding porous PDMS membranes (D (diameter) = 8 μm, P (pitch) = 30 μm, and D = 10 μm, P = 20 μm). The porous PDMS membrane showed non-inferiority to the control group in terms of viability when cultured with human vascular endothelial cells. Furthermore, we showed that the porous PDMS membrane can be used to evaluate the vascular permeability of nanoparticles.
Circularity potential of electric motors in e-mobility: methods, technologies, challenges
Authors: Di Gerlando Antonio , Gobbi Massimiliano , Magnanini Maria Chiara , Mastinu Gianpiero , Palazzetti Roberto , Sattar Aqeab , Tolio Tullio 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe imperative shift toward sustainable development mandates a revolutionary transformation in the transportation sector. While the transition from internal combustion engines to electric motors represents a pivotal step, its ecological impact may fall short of expectations. This undertaking is motivated by the recognition that a truly impactful transition necessitates intricate strategies, addressing resource consumption during manufacturing and minimizing post-use waste. This literature review is dedicated to enhancing the framework of circular strategies within the realm of electric motors, with a specific focus on remanufacturing. The objective is to cultivate a conscientious approach to product development, primarily centered on the four key pillars of circularity: reuse, remanufacture, upgrade, and recycle. The primary goal is to furnish a comprehensive overview of the myriad possibilities associated with reusing products, either in parts or as a whole. Upon introducing the circular approach, this review underscores pivotal enabling technologies essential for a successful transition. These include inspection, disassembly, rewinding, and demagnetization. The ensuing discussion delves into the technological challenges faced and presents cutting-edge solutions poised to redefine the landscape. The concluding section extends the perspective to the future, introducing innovative studies and solutions still in their developmental stages. This review is tailored for decision-makers, policymakers, and researchers, providing them with a valuable overview and facilitating discussions to propel our society toward a sustainable and responsible future in electric motor technology.
EmoMBTI-Net: introducing and leveraging a novel emoji dataset for personality profiling with large language models
Authors: Kumar Akshi , Jain Dipika 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Emojis, integral to digital communication, often encapsulate complex emotional layers that enhance text beyond mere words. This research leverages the expressive power of emojis to predict Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) personalities, diverging from conventional text-based approaches. We developed a unique dataset, EmoMBTI, by mapping emojis to specific MBTI traits using diverse posts scraped from Reddit. This dataset enabled the integration of Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques tailored for emoji analysis. Large Language Models (LLMs) such as FlanT5, BART, and PEGASUS were trained to generate contextual linkages between text and emojis, further correlating these emojis with MBTI personalities. Following the creation of this dataset, these LLMs were applied to understand the context conveyed by emojis and were subsequently fine-tuned. Additionally, transformer models like RoBERTa, DeBERTa, and BART were specifically fine-tuned to predict MBTI personalities based on emoji mappings from MBTI dataset posts. Our methodology significantly enhances the capability of personality assessments, with the fine-tuned BART model achieving an impressive accuracy of 0.875 in predicting MBTI types, which notably exceeds the performances of RoBERTa and DeBERTa, at 0.82 and 0.84 respectively. By leveraging the nuanced communication potential of emojis, this approach not only advances personality profiling techniques but also deepens insights into digital behaviour, highlighting the substantial impact of emotive icons in online interactions.
On a mixed partial Caputo derivative and its applications to a hyperbolic partial fractional differential equation
Authors: Kamocki Rafał , Obczyński Cezary 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We propose an alternative definition of a mixed partial derivative in the Caputo sense for functions of two variables defined on the rectangle

$$P=[0,a]\times [0,b]$$

P
=
[
0
,
a
]
×
[
0
,
b
]

(

$$a>0, b>0$$

a
>
0
,
b
>
0

). We give an integral representation of functions possessing such a derivative. Moreover, we study the existence and uniqueness of a solution, as well as the Ulam–Hyers type stability of a fractional counterpart of a nonlinear continuous Goursat-Darboux system described by the introduced Caputo derivative. This paper is a continuation of our paper [R. Kamocki, C. Obczyński, On the single partial Caputo derivatives for functions of two variables, Periodica Mathematica Hungarica 87(2), (2023), 324–339].
A comparative study of the behavior of engineered cementitious composites and engineered geopolymer composites containing metakaolin and magnetized water
Authors: Keshta Mostafa M. , Eltawil Khalid A. , Elshikh Mohamed M. Yousry , Youssf Osama 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Sustainable materials and technologies used in engineered cementitious composites (ECC) and engineered geopolymer composites (EGC) have gained significant attention from concrete researchers in recent decades, owing to their superior performance compared to traditional concrete. In this study, the performance of sustainable ECC and EGC made of metakaolin (MK) and magnetized water (MW) is evaluated and compared. This was carried out using 14 mixes (7 for ECC and 7 for EGC). The control ECC mix contained cement and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and the control EGC mix contained fly ash (FA) and GGBFS. In ECC, the cement and GGBFS were partially replaced by MK; and in EGC, the FA and GGBFS were replaced by MK. The replacement ratios were 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% by volume. The tap water (TW) was completely replaced by MW in ECC and EGC mixes containing 0% and 20% MK. Fresh, mechanical, and durability properties were measured for both ECC and EGC such as; slump, compressive and flexural strength, water absorption, and sorptivity. The effect of different curing environments (tap water and seawater) on ECC/EGC compressive strength was also studies. Furthermore, microstructural analyses were performed on specific ECC and EGC mixtures. The microstructure analyses included scanning electronic microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and mapping of the morphology surface. The fresh and mechanical properties indicated that EGC exhibited higher slump values (by up to 7.3 times) and higher compressive strengths (by up to 90%) than those of ECC, especially in the presence of MW. Seawater curing enhanced the EGC compressive strength by up to 16%. The durability results showed that absorption rates and sorptivity of EGC were relatively higher than those of the corresponding ECC. The SEM analysis showed that the concentration of gelatinous materials as CSH and ASG in the mixes using MW was higher than the similar mixes with made with TW, especially in the presence of MK. The EDX analysis and mapping showed that the ratio of Ca/Si was low in EGC compared to that in ECC.
Flame-retardant fiber composites: synergistic effects of additives on mechanical, thermal, chemical, and structural properties
Authors: Murad Md Shafinur , Hamzat Abdulhammed K. , Asmatulu Eylem , Asmatulu Ramazan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractFiber-reinforced polymer composites (FRPCs) are very commonly used in numerous applications. However, their susceptibility to flames during service has raised a serious safety concern for human health, environment, economy, and property. Significant attention is given to the development of flame-retardant (FR) fiber composites due to their considerable role in enhancing fire and explosion safety. This review examines the fire propagation mechanism on composite materials and synergistic effects of different additives on mechanical, thermal, chemical, and structural integrity of FR FRPCs. Several methods for improving the flame retardancy of polymeric composite materials and their impact on various composite parameters are critically analyzed. The various methods of examining the flammability of fiber composites have been discussed in detail. By optimizing the type and concentration of additives, it is possible to develop next-generation FR fiber composites that offer robust performance across diverse industrial applications. Finally, a synopsis of the most recent advancements in FRPC FR technology is given, along with an overview of the opportunities and difficulties associated with sustainable flame retardancy approaches. It is expected that the insights gained from this research will provide a foundation for future innovations in FR materials, contributing to improved safety and material performance in fire-prone environments.
The current state of surgical palliative care education: an APDS survey from the Education Committee of the Surgical Palliative Care Society
Authors: Wylie Jennifer , Kopecky Kimberly , Cook Mackenzie , Sommovilla Joshua , Marterre Buddy 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Formal primary surgical palliative care education in the United States is lacking. We aimed to assess curricula and surgical program directors’ (PDs) attitudes toward instituting formal educational programs. Results will be able to guide future efforts to create and standardize educational materials to meet the needs of surgical training programs.

Methods
An anonymized 15-item survey was developed by the SPCS Education Committee and electronically distributed to PDs at 282 general surgery residency programs through the Association of Program Directors in Surgery (APDS) in June 2023.

Results
Forty-three PDs completed the questionnaire (15% response rate). Sixty-seven percent reported providing dedicated instruction time for communication skills with seriously ill patients. Most (76%) reported using didactics format, while 48% utilized simulation-based instruction, 35% dedicated time to clinical instruction in the ICU and 14% of programs utilized routine rounding to offer opportunities to teach communication skills. Use of materials created by educators within the institution was most common (69%), followed by SCORE materials (45%) and other established communication tools (7%). 37 (86%) respondents supported the use of standardized education materials if they were to be provided, including resources regarding end-of-life care (65%), decision-making capacity and the care and role of surrogate decision-makers (56%), code status documentation (49%), and ethics of medicalized death (65%).

Conclusions
Surgical residencies provide variable levels of formal education and utilize different tools and resources to teach primary palliative care and advanced communication skills. While a national standardized formal curriculum does not currently exist, many surgical PDs display positive attitudes toward adopting such materials if made available.
Development and application of gene editing in citrus: how and what to do
Authors: Wang Shuai , Zhao Sailan , Du Meixia , Mo Kaiqing , Pang Shuwei , Zou Xiuping 
Published: December 2024

AbstractConventional breeding techniques have been effectively utilized for the enhancement of citrus varieties. Nonetheless, traits such as an extended juvenile phase, cross- or self-incompatibility, high genetic heterozygosity, and polyembryony have posed significant challenges and limitations to these methods. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) genome editing has progressively emerged as a vital tool for citrus breeding and research. This article reviews the array of CRISPR/Cas genome editing systems, emphasizes recent advancements in citrus genome editing using CRISPR/Cas, and explores the application of this technology to bolster resistance to citrus canker. The review also covers the development of CRISPR/Cas-mediated transformation and regeneration systems for citrus, alongside approaches for generating transgene-free citrus germplasm. Moreover, the regulatory landscape and societal acceptance of CRISPR/Cas genome editing are examined. Lastly, potential applications of genome editing in citrus breeding are proposed, with attention to prospective challenges.