bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Boundaries of the Construct of Unemployment in the Preretirement Years: Exploring an Expanded Measurement of Lost-Work Opportunity
Authors: Voss Maren Wright , Al Snih Soham , Li Wei , Hung Man , Richards Lorie Gage 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
There is uncertainty related to whether retirement negatively affects health—possibly due to complexity around retirement decisions. Lost-work opportunity through unemployment or forced retirement has been shown to negatively affect health. Lost-work opportunity can be captured in two measurement fields, either a reported experience of being forced into retirement or reported unemployment. However, 17% of individuals retiring due to the loss of work opportunity identified in qualitative interviewing (i.e., unemployment, temporary lay-offs, company buy-outs, forced relocations, etc.) do not report this unemployment or involuntary retirement in quantitative survey responses. We propose broadening the conceptualization of late-career unemployment to incorporate other lost work opportunity scenarios. Using the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a lost-work opportunity score (LOS) was computed from items indicating unemployment and forced or unplanned retirement. Correlations were computed between this LOS and all continuous variables in the RAND longitudinal compilation of the HRS to determine its convergent and discriminant validity. The LOS demonstrated a Chronbach’s alpha of α = .82 and had convergent validity with constructs of employment (9 variables), finances (36 variables), and health (14 variables), as predicted by the literature on retirement timing. No other continuous variables in the HRS were identified with a moderate or strong correlation to LOS, demonstrating discriminant validity. Further research should explore whether a combination of variables in the HRS can improve the accuracy of measuring lost-work opportunity. Improved precision in measurement, through an expanded conceptualization of lost-work opportunity, may help explicate the retirement-related factors that affect health, to inform policy and support healthy aging decisions at a societal level.
The close interrelation between colorectal cancer, infection and microbiota
Authors: Massaut Edouard , Hendlisz Barbara , Klastersky Jean A. 
Published: May 2019

Purpose of review
Evaluate the recent literature about the relation of clinical infection and colorectal cancer in terms of diagnosis of an occult infection and possible impact on oncological outcome and review the possible role of the gut microbiota in the role of colorectal cancer oncogenesis.

Recent findings
Data published within the 2 last years have been reviewed and the conclusions, mostly supporting previously published information, have been critically discussed.

Summary
Infection (bacteremia, cellulitis) might be a surrogate of occult colorectal cancer and postoperative infection complications might jeopardize long-term survival after potentially curative surgery. The role of the gut microbiota in the genesis of colorectal cancer remains an exciting though unresolved question.
Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling: A New Sampling Tool for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Antiepileptic Drugs
Authors: D'Urso Annachiara , Rudge James , Patsalos Philip N. , de Grazia Ugo 
Published: May 2019

Background:
Volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) is a novel sampling technique for the collection of fixed-volume capillary blood. In this study, a new analytical method was developed and used to quantify 14 different antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and 2 active metabolites in samples collected by VAMS. These data were compared with concentration measurements in plasma.

Methods:
The authors developed a selective and sensitive liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay to measure the concentrations of several AEDs in whole blood collected by VAMS, which were compared with a commercially available LC-MS/MS kit for AED monitoring in plasma. Drugs and internal standards were extracted from whole blood/plasma samples by a simple protein precipitation.

Results:
An LC-MS/MS method analyzing VAMS samples was successfully developed and validated for the determination of various AED concentrations in whole blood according to EMA guidelines for bioanalytical method validation. Extraction recovery was between 91% and 110%. No matrix effect was found. The method was linear for all drugs with R2 ≥0.989 in all cases. Intra-assay and inter-assay reproducibility analyses demonstrated accuracy and precision within acceptance criteria. Carry over and interferences were negligible. No volumetric HCT% bias was found at 3 different HCT values (35%–55%) with recovery being consistently above 87%. Samples are very stable at temperatures ranging from −20°C to 37°C and for a 4-month period. Leftover EDTA samples from 133 patients were tested to determine concentration differences between plasma and whole blood sampled by VAMS. The resulting difference varied less than 15% apart from those drugs with a blood/plasma ratio (R) different from 1.

Conclusions:
The assay allows for highly sensitive and selective quantification of several AEDs in whole blood samples collected by VAMS. The developed method is accurate and precise and free from matrix effects and volumetric HCT% bias.
Interior Temperature and Relative Humidity of an Envelope During Mail Transport by the Japan Post in the Summer: Preliminary Study for a Stability Test of Dried Blood Spot Samples Sent as Regular Mail
Authors: Mukai Yuji , Minami Rumiko , Doki Kosuke , Inotsume Nobuo , Toda Takaki 
Published: May 2019

Background:
The dried blood spot (DBS) is well studied and has been considered a useful technique for collecting biological specimens for therapeutic drug monitoring. Since DBS cards are transported as regular mail, these samples can be exposed to various climatic conditions while in transit. However, there have been limited amounts of data regarding interior temperature and relative humidity (RH) of the envelope during mail transport of DBS samples. This study investigated the interior temperature and RH during the transport of regular mail by Japan Post during the summer and assessed the effect of the gas permeability of zip lock bags on the interior temperature and RH when used as containers for the DBS card.

Methods:
Either an aluminum zip lock bag, gas-impermeable, or a plastic zip lock bag, gas-permeable, containing a desiccant pouch (10 g) and a data logger was packed in an envelope and then transported by mail between Sapporo and Tsukuba/Kagoshima. The ambient temperature and RH in the above cities during the mail transport were obtained from the website of the Japan Meteorological Agency.

Results:
The envelope was exposed to ≥30°C for up to 22 hours during the mail transport. Differences in the temperature between the interior and exterior of the envelope were almost completely within a range of ±4°C regardless of the gas permeability of the zip lock bags. Although the ambient RH was sometimes over 90% during mail transport, the mean interior RHs of the envelope containing the aluminum or plastic zip lock bag throughout the transport process were 13% and 17%, respectively.

Conclusions:
Both zip lock bags provided comparable results in relation to the interior temperature and RH of the envelope. Our results suggest that a stability test at 40°C and 90% RH for at least 24 hours is recommended as a validation process if DBS samples are transported as regular mail in Japan. However, conditions may need to be modified depending on the regions.
Mental illness is associated with more pain and worse functional outcomes after ankle fracture
Authors: Simske Natasha M. , Audet Megan A. , Kim Chang-Yeon , Benedick Alex , Vallier Heather A. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Objectives:
To assess clinical and functional outcomes after ankle fracture in patients with preexisting mental illness.

Design:
Retrospective study.

Setting:
Level 1 trauma center.

Patients/Participants:
One thousand three hundred seventy-eight adult patients treated for ankle fractures; 228 (17%) had preexisting mental illness.

Intervention:
Open reduction internal fixation.

Main outcome measure:
Rates of complications and reoperations. Functional outcomes were assessed via Foot Function Index (n = 530) and Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment (n = 530).

Results:
Depression was the most common mental illness (63%), followed by anxiety (23%). Mental illness was associated with older age, female sex, and preexisting medical comorbidities, including diabetes and obesity. Mental illness was not associated with specific fracture patterns or open injury. Complications occurred no more often in patients with mental illness, but secondary operations (13% vs 7%) were more likely, particularly implant removals (8% vs 4%), both P < .05. Functional outcomes were worse in mentally ill patients as measured by the Foot Function Index (39 vs 30, P = .006) and Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment Mobility: 45 vs 35, Bothersome: 35 vs 26 and Dysfunction: 35 vs 26, all P < .01.

Conclusion:
Secondary operations were nearly 50% more frequent in patients with mental illness, and functional outcome scores were significantly worse, suggesting that mental illness, unrelated to injury and treatment parameters, has major influence on outcomes. In the future, strategies to identify and treat mental illness prior to and after treatment could improve functional outcomes following ankle fracture.
Resuscitative Strategies to Modulate the Endotheliopathy of Trauma: From Cell to Patient
Authors: Wu Feng , Chipman Amanda , Pati Shibani , Miyasawa Byron , Corash Laurence , Kozar Rosemary A. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
Clinical data has supported the early use of plasma in high ratios of plasma to red cells to patients in hemorrhagic shock. The benefit from plasma seems to extend beyond its hemostatic effects to include protection to the post-shock dysfunctional endothelium. Resuscitation of the endothelium by plasma and one of its major constituents, fibrinogen, involves cell surface stabilization of syndecan-1, a transmembrane proteoglycan and the protein backbone of the endothelial glycocalyx. The pathogenic role of miRNA-19b to the endothelium is explored along with the PAK-1-mediated intracellular pathway that may link syndecan-1 to cytoskeletal protection. Additionally, clinical studies using fibrinogen and cyroprecipitate to aid in hemostasis of the bleeding patient are reviewed and new data to suggest a role for plasma and its byproducts to treat the dysfunctional endothelium associated with nonbleeding diseases is presented.
Trends in the Geospatial Distribution of Inpatient Adult Surgical Services across the United States
Authors: Diaz Adrian , Schoenbrunner Anna , Pawlik Timothy M. 
Published: May 2019

Objective:
The aim of this study was to define trends in the geographic distribution of surgical services in the United States to assess possible geographic barriers and disparities in access to surgical care.

Summary Background Data:
Despite the increased need and utilization of surgical procedures, Americans often face challenges in gaining access to health care that may be exacerbated by the closure and consolidation of hospitals. Although access to surgical care has been evaluated relative to the role of insurance, race, and health literacy/education, the relationship of geography and travel distance to access has not been well studied.

Methods:
The 2005 and 2015 American Hospital Association annual survey was used to identify hospitals with surgical capacity; the data were merged with 2010 Census Bureau data to identify the distribution of the US population relative to hospital location, and geospatial analysis tools were used to examine a service area of real driving time surrounding each hospital.

Results:
Although the number of hospitals that provided surgical services slightly decreased over the time periods examined (2005, n = 3791; 2015, n = 3391; P<0.001), the number of major surgery hospitals increased from 2005 (n = 539) to 2015 (n = 749) (P<0.001). The geographic location of hospitals that provided surgical services changed over time. Specifically, although in 2005 852 hospitals were located in a rural area, that number had decreased to 679 by 2015 (P<0.001). Of particular note, from 2005 to 2015 there was an 82% increase in the number of people who lived further than 60 minutes from any hospital (P<0.001). However, the number of people who lived further than 60 minutes from a major surgery hospital decreased (P<0.001).

Conclusions:
Although the number of rural hospitals decreased over the last decade, the number of large, academic medical centers has increased; in turn, there has been an almost doubling in the number of people who live outside a 60-minute driving range to a hospital capable of performing surgery.
Loss of premature stop codon in theWall-Associated Kinase 91(OsWAK91) gene confers sheath blight disease resistance in rice
Authors: Al-Bader Noor , Meier Austin , Geniza Matthew , Gongora Yamid Sanabria , Oard James , Jaiswal Pankaj 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe genetic arms race between pathogen and host plant is a tug of war that has been ongoing for millennia. The “battles” are those of disruption, restoration of signaling and information transmission on a subcellular level. One such battle occurs between rice an important crop that feeds 50% of the world population and the sheath blight disease (SB) caused by the fungusRhizoctonia solani. It results in 10□30% global yield loss annually and can reach 50% under severe outbreak. Many Receptor□like kinases (RLKs) are recruited as soldiers in these battles. Wall Associated Receptor Kinases (WAKs) a subfamily of receptor-like kinases have been shown to play a role in fungal defense. Here we show that rice geneOsWAK91, present in the major SB resistance QTL region on Chromosome□9 is a key component in defense against rice sheath blight. An SNP mutation C/T separates susceptible variety, Cocodrie (CCDR) from the resistant line MCR010277 (MCR). The resistant allele C results in the stop codon loss that results in 68 amino acids longer C□terminus carrying longer protein kinase domain and phosphorylation sites. Our genotype and phenotype analysis of the top 20 individuals of the double haploid SB population shows a strong correlation with the SNP. The susceptible allele appears as a recent introduction found in the japonica subspecies reference genome and a majority of the tropical and temperate japonica lines sequenced by the 3000 rice genome project. Multiple US commercial varieties with japonica background carry the susceptible allele and are known for SB susceptibility. This discovery opens the possibility of introducing resistance alleles into high yielding commercial varieties to reduce yield losses incurred by the disease.
Benchmarking Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Protocols for Cell Atlas Projects
Authors: Mereu Elisabetta , Lafzi Atefeh , Moutinho Catia , Ziegenhain Christoph , MacCarthy Davis J. , Alvarez Adrian , Batlle Eduard , Sagar  , Grün Dominic , Lau Julia K. , Boutet Stéphane C. , Sanada Chad , Ooi Aik , Jones Robert C. , Kaihara Kelly , Brampton Chris , Talaga Yasha , Sasagawa Yohei , Tanaka Kaori , Hayashi Tetsutaro , Nikaido Itoshi , Fischer Cornelius , Sauer Sascha , Trefzer Timo , Conrad Christian , Adiconis Xian , Nguyen Lan T. , Regev Aviv , Levin Joshua Z. , Parekh Swati , Janjic Aleksandar , Wange Lucas E. , Bagnoli Johannes W. , Enard Wolfgang , Gut Marta , Sandberg Rickard , Gut Ivo , Stegle Oliver , Heyn Holger 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSingle-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is the leading technique for charting the molecular properties of individual cells. The latest methods are scalable to thousands of cells, enabling in-depth characterization of sample composition without prior knowledge. However, there are important differences between scRNA-seq techniques, and it remains unclear which are the most suitable protocols for drawing cell atlases of tissues, organs and organisms. We have generated benchmark datasets to systematically evaluate techniques in terms of their power to comprehensively describe cell types and states. We performed a multi-center study comparing 13 commonly used single-cell and single-nucleus RNA-seq protocols using a highly heterogeneous reference sample resource. Comparative and integrative analysis at cell type and state level revealed marked differences in protocol performance, highlighting a series of key features for cell atlas projects. These should be considered when defining guidelines and standards for international consortia, such as the Human Cell Atlas project.
Seasonal and depth variations in diet composition and dietary overlap between three native killifish of an emblematic tropical-mountain lake: Lake Titicaca (Bolivia)
Authors: Loayza Erick 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTLake Titicaca (∼3800 m a.s.l.), an emblematic tropical-mountain ecosystem is the major source of fish for people on the Altiplano. The Andean killifish genus Orestias, represent an important resource for local fisheries in Lake Titicaca. It has been suggested that exist an effect of segregation in the Lake Titicaca in order to avoid competition for food resource between native fish species, due most of Orestias species share the littoral habitat, which is now also share with introduced species. Such scenario increases the pressure for food resource. Here I examined the gut content of O. luteus, O. agassizii and O. mulleri (Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846) from a bay of Lake Titicaca during rainy (April) and dry season (July) with the predominance method, frequency of occurrence and numerical percentage to describe the diet and dietary overlap between these native fish. I also applied a PERMANOVA test in order to determine diet variations related to depth and seasonally, as well as the Levins and Pianka’s index to test diet breadth and dietary overlap respectively. 396 gut contents were evaluated, identifying a high frequency of amphipods and molluscs in the three Orestias native species. Diet breadth revelled a selectivity for a few preys and the composition of the diets was influenced mainly by depth, followed by seasonality (PERMANOVA, P = <0.05). Dietary overlapping between O. luteus and O. agassizii was evidenced in the rainy season. During the dry season, the three species undergone dietary overlapping. This study provided a detail knowledge on the diet variations of native species in Lake Titicaca, especially for Orestias mulleri, a little-known species. Here I also discussed the importance of the amphipods as a food resource in Lake Titicaca not only for fish community, but for the food web in general. The seasonal and depth diet variations here discussed are relevant for fisheries management and conservation and could be used to guide aquaculture development in Lake Titicaca.
Application of TurboID-mediated proximity labeling for mapping a GSK3 kinase signaling network in Arabidopsis
Authors: Kim Tae-Wuk , Park Chan Ho , Hsu Chuan-Chih , Zhu Jia-Ying , Hsiao Yuchun , Branon Tess , Xu Shou-Ling , Ting Alice Y , Wang Zhi-Yong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTransient protein-protein interactions (PPIs), such as those between posttranslational modifying enzymes and their substrates, play key roles in cellular regulation, but are difficult to identify. Here we demonstrate the application of enzyme-catalyzed proximity labeling (PL), using the engineered promiscuous biotin ligase TurboID, as a sensitive method for characterizing PPIs in signaling networks. We show that TurboID fused with the GSK3-like kinase BIN2 or a PP2A phosphatase biotinylates their known substrate, the BZR1 transcription factor, with high specificity and efficiency. We optimized the protocol of biotin labeling and affinity purification in transgenic Arabidopsis expressing a BIN2-TurboID fusion protein. Subsequent quantitative mass spectrometry (MS) analysis identified about three hundred proteins biotinylated by BIN2-TurboID more efficiently than the YFP-TurboID control. These include a significant subset of previously proven BIN2 interactors and a large number of new BIN2-proximal proteins that uncover a broad BIN2 signaling network. Our study illustrates that PL-MS using TurboID is a powerful tool for mapping signaling networks, and reveals broad roles of BIN2 kinase in cellular signaling and regulation in plants.Impact StatementTurboID-mediated proximity labeling is a powerful tool for protein interactomics in plants.
Quantitative proteomics indicate a strong correlation of mitotic phospho-/dephosphorylation with non-structured regions of substrates
Authors: Yamazaki Hiroya , Kosako Hidetaka , Yoshimura Shige H. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractProtein phosphorylation plays a critical role in the regulation and progression of mitosis. More than 10,000 phosphorylated residues and the associated kinases have been identified to date via proteomic analyses. Although some of these phosphosites are associated with regulation of either protein-protein interactions or the catalytic activity of the substrate protein, the roles of most mitotic phosphosites remain unclear. In this study, we examined structural properties of mitotic phosphosites and neighboring residues to understand the role of heavy phosphorylation in non-structured domains. Quantitative mass spectrometry analysis of mitosis-arrested and non-arrested HeLa cells revealed >4,100 and >2,200 residues either significantly phosphorylated or dephosphorylated, respectively, at mitotic entry. The calculated disorder scores of amino acid sequences of neighboring individual phosphosites revealed that >70% of dephosphorylated phosphosites exist in disordered regions, whereas 50% of phosphorylated sites exist in non-structured domains. A clear inverse correlation was observed between probability of phosphorylation in non-structured domain and increment of phosphorylation in mitosis. These results indicate that at entry to mitosis, a significant number of phosphate groups are removed from non-structured domains and transferred to more-structured domains. Gene ontology term analysis revealed that mitosis-related proteins are heavily phosphorylated, whereas RNA-related proteins are both dephosphorylated and phosphorylated, suggesting that heavy phosphorylation/dephosphorylation in non-structured domains of RNA-binding proteins plays a role in dynamic rearrangement of RNA-containing organelles, as well as other intracellular environments.Significance StatementProgression of mitosis is tightly regulated by protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation. Although proteomic studies have identified tens of thousands of phosphosites in mitotic cells, the roles of them remain to be answered. We approached this question from the viewpoint of the higher-order structure of phosphosites. Quantitative proteomics and bioinformatic analyses revealed that more than 70% of mitotic dephosphorylation events occurred in non-structured regions. Non-structured regions of cellular proteins are attracting considerable attention in terms of their involvement in dynamic rearrangements of intracellular membrane-less organelles and protein assembly/disassembly processes. Our results suggest the possibility that a vast amount of mitosis-associated dephosphorylation/phosphorylation at non-structured regions plays a role in regulating the dynamic assembly/disassembly of intracellular architectures and organelles such as chromosomes and nucleolus.