bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
National scale mapping of ecosystem services in Israel – genetic resources, pollination and cultural services
Authors: Lotan Alon , Kost Reuven , Mandelik Yael , Peled Yoav , Chakuki David , Zemah Shamir Shiri , Ram Yael 
Published: August 2018

The Israel - National Ecosystem Assessment (I-NEA) project aims to present a comprehensive picture of the state and trends of Israel's ecosystem services across all ecosystems, by integrating existing data and information collected from a wide range of sources. Although there is a lack of information about the spatial distribution of ecosystem services’ provisioning in Israel, their mapping constitutes an important part of the assessment.
In this paper, we present a national-scale mapping of three ecosystem services, each of them implemented using different methods: 1) Genetic resources service, mapped using spatial observations of the Crop Wild Relatives species; 2) potential of pollination service, which is provided by wild bees, mapped using an expert-based habitat model related to land use and land cover; and 3) cultural service of recreation, mapped by analysing the distribution of geotagged digital photographs uploaded to social media resources. The derived maps visualise, for the first time in Israel, the spatially distributed values of the three ecosystem services. Supply hotspots with high values for all three services were identified, as well as spatial differences amongst the ecosystem services. These national-scale maps provide overlooked insights and can be very useful for strategic discussions of stakeholders and decision-makers but should be regarded with caution given existing knowledge gaps and possible inaccuracies due to data scarcity and low resolution.
Who is Portrayed in Second Life: Dr. Jekyll or Mr. Hyde? The Extent of Congruence Between Real Life and Virtual Identity
Authors: Koles Bernadett , Nagy Peter 
Published: August 2018

Virtual social environments opened the door to individual experiences that may not be feasible or possible in real physical settings; in turn bringing to question the applicability of certain more traditional theories to digital environments. Addressing some of this gap in the available literature, in the current study, we compare virtual and real life identities simultaneously, as well as explore the impact of selfconsciousness on virtual identity. Our results indicate that while some of the overall trends are similar between identities constructed in the physical world and those constructed in virtual settings, different identity elements and dimensions tend to be emphasized to different degrees. Furthermore, we find evidence for the role of private in addition to public self-consciousness as influencing virtual existence. In other words, in addition to the general emphasis concerning the role of socially influenced external elements in the formulation of virtual identities, the current study highlights the importance of more internalized and individual level attitudes and perceptions, including one’s inner thoughts, emotions, and perspectives. Implications and future directions are discussed.
Between Purpose and Method: A Review of Educational Research on 3D Virtual Worlds
Authors: Kim Sahoon H. , Lee Jiyeon Lee , Thomas Michael K. 
Published: August 2018

This study aims to enhance our holistic understanding of 3D virtual worlds by providing a detailed analysis of the research methods and research trends related to the research of 3D virtual worlds for educational environments. Data was collected by searching for the ubiquitous term, "virtual world," from databases. Snowball sampling was also employed. The researchers critically analyzed the literature as data focusing on how virtual worlds were applied in individual studies, what research methods were used, and what disciplines were examined in the studies. The results indicate that virtual worlds are mainly used for the simulation of space, and they are used in different ways depending on discipline and descriptive research methods were most used in research studies on the educational applications of virtual worlds, experimental approaches are increasingly being used by researchers. Based on these results, this study suggests an appropriate research direction for the application of virtual worlds in educational contexts in the future.
Overview: Virtual Reality in Medicine
Authors: Pensieri Claudio , Pennacchini Maddalena 
Published: August 2018

Background: Virtual Reality (VR) was defined as a collection of technological devices: “a computer capable of interactive 3D visualization, a head-mounted display and data gloves equipped with one or more position trackers”. Today, lots of scientists define VR as a simulation of the real world based on computer graphics, a three dimensional world in which communities of real people interact, create content, items and services, producing real economic value through e-Commerce.Objective: To report the results of a systematic review of articles and reviews published about the theme: “Virtual Reality in Medicine”.Methods: We used the search query string: “Virtual Reality”, “Metaverse”, “Second Life”, “Virtual World”, “Virtual Life” in order to find out how many articles were written about these themes. For the “Meta-review” we used only “Virtual Reality” AND “Review”. We searched the following databases: Psycinfo, Journal of Medical Internet Research, Isiknowledge till September 2011 and Pubmed till February 2012. We included any source published in either print format or on the Internet, available in all languages, and containing texts that define or attempt to define VR in explicit terms.Results: We retrieved 3,443 articles on Pubmed in 2012 and 8,237 on Isiknowledge in 2011. This large number of articles covered a wide range of themes, but showed no clear consensus about VR. We identified 4 general uses of VR in Medicine, and searched for the existing reviews about them. We found 364 reviews in 2011, although only 197 were pertinent to our aims: 1. Communication Interface (11 Reviews); 2. Medical Education (49 reviews); 3. Surgical Simulation (49 Reviews) and 4. Psychotherapy (88 Reviews).Conclusion: We found a large number of articles, but no clear consensus about the meaning of the term VR in Medicine. We found numerous articles published on these topics and many of them have been reviewed. We decided to group these reviews in 4 areas in order to provide a systematic overview of the subject matter, and to enable those interested to learn more about these particular topics.
Caracterización socioproductiva y ambiental de la comunidad peñas blancas, del Municipio de El Cuá, Departamento de Jinotega
Authors: Aguilar Eveling Anahis , Martínez Montes Sandra Mayerling , López Zeledón Arlen Wilkerson 
Published: August 2018

El presente trabajo nos da a entender las dinámicas territoriales, determinando aspectos socio productivo, y ambiental en la Comunidad de Peñas Blanca, caracterizando su funcionamiento actual dentro de la comunidad y a nivel de fincas o unidades productivas, donde, todo esto nos lleva a reflexionar y a proponer alternativas de cambio o desarrollo que se adapten a las nuevas condiciones agroclimáticas. Por un lado, a la determinación de aquellos atributos particulares que presenta una persona o una cosa y que por tanto la distingue claramente. Y por otra parte, a instancias del mundo artístico, especialmente en los ámbitos del teatro, el cine y la tevé, se denomina caracterización a la adecuación de un actor en cuanto a los rasgos físicos, haciendo uso de maquillaje y vestuario, del personaje que le ha tocado interpretar. Los aspectos sociales son de gran interés para la sociedad por que los brinda mejoramientos tanto como en educación, Infraestructura, y servicios tecnológicos entre otros. La agricultura ha sido de gran abundancia por precipitaciones abundantes. Lo cual la mayor parte de año llueve. La caficultura genera empleo y economía es la mayor producción de los agricultores del municipio y también los granos básicos. En lo pecuario es un segundo rubro que genera economía a los productores. Para producción pecuaria se implementa sistemas silvo pastoril y bancos forrajeros. La biodiversidad ha sido de gran importancia en lo ambiental donde se brinda parte de la flora y fauna partes boscosas, recursos hídricos.
Diastereospecific Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Cyclization Cascade for the Controlled Preparation of N‐ and N,O‐Heterocycles
Authors: Muratore Michael E. , Konovalov Andrey I. , Armengol‐Relats Helena , Echavarren Antonio M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe reaction of oxime‐tethered 1,6‐enynes with a cationic gold(I) catalyst demonstrates a great potential for the synthesis of a range of heterocycles in a diastereospecific fashion. The control of the configuration of the oxime and the alkene of the enyne moiety is the key to selectively obtain dihydro‐1,2‐oxazines, isoxazolines or dihydropyrrole‐N‐oxides as single diastereoisomers. As supported by DFT calculations, these cascade reactions proceed stepwise, by the intramolecular addition of the O or N atom of the oxime onto cyclopropyl gold(I) carbene intermediates. In this study, a rare [3,3]‐sigmatropic rearrangement of nitrones is also observed.
Inhibition of angiotensin II receptor I prevents inflammation and bone loss in periodontitis
Authors: Li Jinle , Xiao Xun , Wei Wei , Ding Handong , Yue Yuan , Tian Ye , Nabar Neel R. , Liu Zhaohui , Yang Zheng , Wang Min 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundPeriodontal disease is characterized by alveolar bone destruction and degenerative lesions of the periodontal ligament (PDL); it is initiated by bacterial infection of the oral cavity, but the clinical effects are secondary to an aberrant host immune response. Primary hypertension (PH), which causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, has also been shown to be an inflammatory disease characterized by aberrant immune cell infiltration and activation. Clinical retrospective studies have shown a link between PH and periodontitis with PH exacerbating periodontitis and vice versa, but the pathophysiologic mechanisms responsible for this remain unknown.MethodsIn this study, we investigate the underlying mechanisms behind PH exacerbation of periodontitis by using a bacteria‐induced periodontitis model in normotensive and hypertensive (Nos3−/−) mice treated with or without an Angiotensin II (Ang II) specific receptor 1 (AT1) antagonist, losartan. The histologic analyses including immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence were carried out. The qRT‐PCR and ELISAs were applied for the target gene and protein detection.ResultsWe find that PH worsens bone resorption and PDL destruction in periodontitis and that treatment with losartan, rescues this. We also show that PH increases dendritic cell (DC) and osteoclast (OC) infiltration in periodontitis, which is also dependent on Ang II. Finally, we show that PH augments the pro‐inflammatory state in periodontitis infiltrating DCs in an Ang II‐dependent manner and use in vitro studies to show that Ang II directly augments DC Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling.ConclusionOur studies show a central role for Ang II as a pro‐inflammatory Toll‐like receptor mediator in the pathogenesis of PH‐exacerbated periodontitis, indicating that Ang II may be a reasonable target in patients with PH and periodontitis comorbidity.
Novel Post‐Treatment Approaches to Tailor the Pore Size of PS‐b‐PHEMA Isoporous Membranes
Authors: Wang Jiali , Rahman Md. Mushfequr , Abetz Clarissa , Rangou Sofia , Zhang Zhenzhen , Abetz Volker 
Published: August 2018

AbstractUsing the example of an integral‐asymmetric isoporous membrane prepared from polystyrene‐block‐poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PS‐b‐PHEMA), physical and chemical ways of post‐treatment are introduced with the aim to tailor the pore size. These post‐treatments are i) thermal annealing and ii) urethane chemistry of ethyl isocyanate (EI) in the presence of perfluoro(methyl cyclohexane). Via these approaches, the pore size of PS‐b‐PHEMA membranes is successfully tailored in the range of 10–20 nm with narrow pore size distribution by controlling the duration of thermal annealing and chemical reaction, respectively. The excellent hydrophilicity of the PS‐b‐PHEMA membrane is not changed by thermal annealing. The chemical postmodification using EI is associated with a loss of hydrophilicity with increasing conversion.
Direct Ordering of Anchoring Events at the Surface of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Enabled by A Stepwise Phase‐Transfer Strategy
Authors: Okada Yohei , Asama Hitomi , Koike Natsumi , Yamashita Shohei , Maeta Naoya , Uesaka Atsuko , Kamiya Hidehiro 
Published: August 2018

AbstractFor most nanoparticle applications, understanding the “strength” of anchoring events at the surface is necessary to design effective ligand exchange processes. The present report demonstrates the ability to direct the ordering of phosphonic acid, catechol, and carboxylic acid as anchoring groups for iron oxide nanoparticles, enabled by a stepwise phase‐transfer strategy. A key feature was the use of a cyclohexane‐based thermomorphic system that provided a unique homogeneous field for ligand‐exchange processes, where hydrophobic nanoparticles and a hydrophilic ligand, or hydrophilic nanoparticles and a hydrophobic ligand, effectively mixed together within a moderate temperature range.
Laser ablation of block copolymers with hydrogen-bonded azobenzene derivatives
Authors: Huang Jintang , Huang Youju , Wu Si 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Supramolecular assemblies (PS-b-P4VP (AzoR)) are fabricated by hydrogen-bonding azobenzene derivatives (AzoR) to poly(4-vinyl pyridine) blocks of polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinyl pyridine) (PS-b-P4VP). PS-b-P4VP(AzoR) forms phase separated nanostructures with a period of ∼75–105 nm. A second length scale structure with a period of 2 μm is fabricated on phase separated PS-b-P4VP(AzoR) by laser interference ablation. Both the concentration and the substituent of AzoR in PS-b-P4VP(AzoR) affect the laser ablation process. The laser ablation threshold of PS-b-P4VP(AzoR) decreases as the concentration of AzoR increases. In PS-b-P4VP(AzoR) with different substituents (R = CN, H, and CH3), ablation thresholds follow the trend: PS-b-P4VP(AzoCN)<PS-b-P4VP(AzoCH3)<PS-b-P4VP(AzoH). This result indicates that the electron donor group (CH3) and the electron acceptor group (CN) can lower the ablation threshold of PS-b-P4VP(AzoR).
Unrecognized Prediabetes Is Highly Prevalent in Men With Erectile Dysfunction–Results From a Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Boeri Luca , Capogrosso Paolo , Pederzoli Filippo , Ventimiglia Eugenio , Frego Nicola , Chierigo Francesco , Montanari Emanuele , Montorsi Francesco , Salonia Andrea 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Introduction
The association between prediabetes (PreDM) and erectile dysfunction (ED) has been analyzed scantly.

Aim
To assess the association between PreDM and erectile function (EF) in a cohort of white European men with ED.

Methods
Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data from 372 consecutive men were analyzed. Health-significant comorbidities were scored with the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). Patients were invited to complete the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF)-EF domain questionnaire. The EF domain was categorized according to Cappelleri’s criteria. Men were defined as having PreDM according to the criteria defined by the American Diabetes Association (2015). Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models tested the association between clinical variables and PreDM status and severe ED.

Main Outcome Measures
We assessed the prevalence of PreDM in our cohort of men with ED and the potential association of PreDM and sexual health within the same cohort.

Results
Of 372 men, +PreDM was found in 86 (23.1%) patients. Men with +PreDM had lower total testosterone (tT), higher triglycerides, and higher total cholesterol values (all P &lt; .03) than those without PreDM. Likewise, +PreDM patients had a higher rate of CCI ≥1 (P = .03) and more frequently had severe ED (P = .013) compared with –PreDM. Age (OR 1.03; P = .01); lower tT (OR 0.81; P = .02); and severe ED (OR 3.37; P = .004) were associated with +PreDM status, after accounting for BMI, CCI, alcohol consumption, and cigarette smoking. Similarly, age (OR 1.02; P = .02) and +PreDM (OR 2.02; P = .02) were associated with severe ED, after accounting for other clinical variables.

Clinical Implications
Identifying +PreDM status in ED men is clinically relevant in order to adopt preventive strategies to attempt and reduce risk of developing DM and subsequent cardiovascular diseases.

Strengths & Limitations
To our knowledge, this is the first study evaluating the prevalence of unrecognized PreDM and the association of PreDM and ED severity in a real-life setting. Limitations are the retrospective nature of the cross-sectional study and the lack of haemodynamic parameters for every patient.

Conclusions
1 in 5 men seeking medical help for new-onset ED showed glucose values suggestive for unrecognized PreDM and +PreDM status was associated with worse hormonal and metabolic profiles, along with a higher risk of severe ED than −PreDM.
The motion of long drops in rectangular microchannels at low capillary numbers
Authors: Rao Sai Sashankh , Wong Harris 
Published: August 2018

Drop flow in rectangular microchannels has been utilized extensively in microfluidics. However, the pressure-gradient versus flow-rate relation is still not well understood. We study the motion of a long drop in a rectangular microchannel in the limit the capillary number $Ca\rightarrow 0$ ($Ca=\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}U/\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}$, where $U$ is the constant drop velocity, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}$ is the viscosity of the carrier liquid and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}$ is the interfacial tension). In this limit, the moving drop looks like the static drop and has two end caps connected by a long column, which is surrounded by thin films on the microchannel wall and by menisci along the microchannel corners. Integral axial force balances on the drop fluid and on the carrier liquid surrounding the drop relate the carrier-liquid pressure gradient to the drop-fluid pressure gradient and the contact-line drag. The contact-line drag is argued to be the same as that for a long bubble (which has been determined by Wong et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 292, 1995b, pp. 95–110)) if the viscosity ratio $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}\ll Ca^{-1/3}$ and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}\ll L$, where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}=\bar{\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}}/\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}$, $\bar{\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}}$ is the drop viscosity and $L~(\gg 1)$ is the dimensionless drop length. Thus, the force balances yield one equation relating the two pressure gradients. The two pressure gradients also drive unidirectional flows in the drop and in the corner channels along the long middle column. These coupled flows are solved by a finite-element method to yield another equation relating the two pressure gradients. From the two equations, we determine the pressure gradients and thus the unidirectional velocity fields inside and outside the drop for $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}=0$–100 and various microchannel aspect ratios. We find that in the limit $LCa^{1/3}\rightarrow 0$, the contact-line drag dominates and the carrier liquid bypasses the drop through the corner channels alongside the drop. For $LCa^{1/3}\gg 1$, the contact-line drag is negligible and the corner fluid is stationary. Thus, the drop moves as a leaky piston. We extend our model to a train of long drops, and compare our model predictions with published experiments.
Digital inclusion in later life: cohort changes in internet use over a ten-year period in England
Authors: MATTHEWS KATEY , NAZROO JAMES , MARSHALL ALAN 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTThe ability to use the internet frequently is likely to provide a useful means of engaging with society and using services in later life, yet older people are the most likely to suffer digital exclusion, with those of the oldest ages at the greatest risk. Using six waves (2002–2012) of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, we model cohort-specific patterns of frequent internet use for people aged 50 and over. Multi-level growth models are used to observe trajectories of internet use over the ten-year period. Firstly, analyses are stratified by gender and wealth, and secondly we additionally test for health effects. The study finds cohort-specific differences in patterns of internet use. Rates of internet use increase faster among younger cohorts yet, despite initially increasing, begin to decline among older cohorts. Poor health is shown to be a key factor in shaping the trajectory of internet use over time. Rates of internet use are consistently lower for women than men and for those in poorer financial circumstances, independently of age cohort. The findings demonstrate the importance of ensuring older people can remain digitally included throughout later life, including after the onset of poorer health, especially as some of these individuals might benefit the most from some of the services the internet can provide.
‘The own’ and ‘the wise’ as social support for older people living with HIV in the United Kingdom
Authors: Rosenfeld Dana , Anderson Jane 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAs the HIV population ages, how the ageing and HIV experiences intersect to shape the lives of older people living with HIV (PLWH) becomes an increasingly pressing question. This multi-method study investigated social support, mental health and quality of life among 100 older PLWH in the United Kingdom. Drawing on data from three focus groups and 74 life-history interviews with older (aged 50+) White men who have sex with men (MSM), and Black African and White heterosexual men and women, living with HIV, we explore participants’ distinctions between, evaluations of and access to sources of social support. Participants distinguished between support from the HIV-negative (Goffman's ‘the own’) and experientially based support from other PLWH (Goffman's ‘the wise’), and viewed the former, while valuable, as needing to be supplemented by the latter. Furthermore, access to experientially based support varied across participant groups, whose communities had different histories with HIV/AIDS and thus different degrees of knowledge about HIV and avenues for connecting to other PLWH. Thus, social support among older PLWH cannot be neatly divided into ‘formal’ and ‘informal’ domains, or fully appreciated by applying traditional social support measures, including, in the context of health conditions, ‘peer support’ created through formal service organisations. Rather, older PLWH's own distinctions and evaluations better illuminate the complexities of social support in the context of ageing with HIV.
The distribution of consecutive prime biases and sums of sawtooth random variables
Authors: LEMKE OLIVER ROBERT J. , SOUNDARARAJAN KANNAN 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn recent work, we considered the frequencies of patterns of consecutive primes (mod q) and numerically found biases toward certain patterns and against others. We made a conjecture explaining these biases, the dominant factor in which permits an easy description but fails to distinguish many patterns that have seemingly very different frequencies. There was a secondary factor in our conjecture accounting for this additional variation, but it was given only by a complicated expression whose distribution was not easily understood. Here, we study this term, which proves to be connected to both the Fourier transform of classical Dedekind sums and the error term in the asymptotic formula for the sum of φ(n).