bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Onward Precarity, Mobility, and Migration among Latin Americans in London
Authors: McIlwaine Cathy , Bunge Diego 
Published: November 2018

AbstractContributing to debates around the relationships between precarity, mobilities and migration, this paper examines the nature of precarity among onward Latin American (OLA) migrants as they have moved transnationally to multiple destinations from their homelands to southern Europe and onwards to London across different time periods. Drawing on primary research with over 400 OLAs, the discussion highlights how precarity maps onto onward migration trajectories in fractal rather than linear ways. In moving beyond a continuum approach to labour exploitation, the paper develops the concept of “onward precarity” to capture how migrants negotiate intersecting vulnerabilities in holistic spatio‐temporal ways as they move through different structural contexts across the world from origin, through transition to their final destination country over time. These negotiations are underpinned by multiple agentic tactics that revolve around resilience and reworking strategies as onward migrants traverse wider structures of disadvantage in situ and through mobility in different places.
Efficacy and safety of treatment of hyposecretory dry eye with platelet‐rich plasma
Authors: García‐Conca Víctor , Abad‐Collado Marta , Hueso‐Abancens Jose R , Mengual‐Verdú Encarna , Piñero David P , Aguirre‐Balsalobre Fernando , Molina Julio C 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate and compare the symptomatology and clinical findings in hyposecretory dry eye of the treatment with platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) and artificial tears of sodium hyaluronate (SH).MethodsBlind single‐centre prospective comparative randomized study including 83 patients with hyposecretory dry eye and mean age of 64.0 years. Two groups were differentiated depending on the treatment applied: 44 patients treated with PRP (PRP group), and 39 patients treated with artificial tears of SH (SH group). Changes in Schimer test, tear osmolarity, corneal and conjunctival staining, tear film break‐up time (TF‐BUT), conjunctival hyperaemia, dry eye‐related symptoms with the Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire, and caliciform cell density were evaluated during 30 days of treatment.ResultsSignificantly larger reduction in symptomatology (p < 0.001), visual improvement (p < 0.001), reduction in hyperaemia (p < 0.001), and corneal and conjunctival staining (p < 0.001), increment of Schirmer test outcome (p ≤ 0.005), and reduction of osmolarity were found in the PRP group in both eyes compared to SH group at 15 and 30 days of treatment. Likewise, a significantly higher increment of caliciform cell density (p < 0.001) was found in the PRP group. Strong and statistically significant correlations were found in the PRP group of the change achieved in visual acuity, hyperaemia, osmolarity, and conjunctival and corneal staining with the baseline values of these variables (p < 0.001).ConclusionPRP treatment in hyposecretory dry eye induces a more significant positive effect over symptomatology and different dry eye signs than SH, especially in moderate and severe cases.
Displacement and solidarity: An ethic of place‐making
Authors: Eckenwiler Lisa 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDrawing on a conception of people as ‘ecological subjects’, creatures situated in specific social relations, locations, and material environments, I want to emphasize the importance of place and place‐making for basing, demonstrating, and forging future solidarity. Solidarity, as I will define it here, involves reaching out through moral imagination and responsive action across social and/or geographic distance and asymmetry to assist other people who are vulnerable, and to advance justice. Contained in the practice of solidarity are two core ‘enacted commitments’, first, to engaging our moral imaginations and recognizing others in need and, second, to responsive action. Recognizing the suffering of displacement and responding through place‐making should follow from even the most simplistic understanding of people as ‘implaced’. Recognition, furthermore, that places are created and sustained, transformed, or neglected in ways that foster or perpetuate inequities, including health inequities, generates responsibilities concerning place‐making. Place‐based interventions, on either count, should be principal and, indeed, prioritized ways of showing solidarity for the vulnerable and promoting justice. Where solidaristic relations do not prevail, place‐making can catalyze and nurture them, and over time advance justice. On the moral landscapes of bioethics, the terrain where care and health are or should be at the center of attention, an ethic of place and place‐making for those who have been displaced – patients, the elderly, urban populations, and asylum‐seekers, for instance – expresses and has rich potential for nurturing bonds of solidarity.
Liquid‐based endometrial cytology using SurePath™ is not inferior to suction endometrial tissue biopsy for detecting endometrial malignancies: Midterm report of a multicentre study advocated by Japan Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
Authors: Hirai Yasuo , Sakamoto Kimihiko , Fujiwara Hiroyuki , Kamata Masaharu , Tamura Takao , Yanoh Kenji , Norimatsu Yoshiaki , Kasai Tokuzo , Teramoto Katsuhiro , Kurokawa Tetsuji , Takahashi Yoshifumi , Iwanari Osamu , Suzuki Mitsuaki 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveWe conducted a prospective, multicentre study to compare the clinical performance of liquid‐based endometrial cytology (LBEC) using SurePath™ with that of suction endometrial tissue biopsy (SETB). This study is officially advocated and reported by the Japan Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. By publishing our midterm data, we intend to disseminate the benefits of LBEC system, using the descriptive reporting format and algorithmic interpretational approach.MethodsFrom April 2014 to December 2015, we consecutively assessed 1116 LBEC specimens and 1044 SETB specimens in our five outpatient clinics.ResultsThe sensitivity of suction tissue biopsies was 85.2%, whereas the sensitivity of LBEC was 92.2%. The specificity of suction tissue biopsies was 98.9% and that of LBEC was 98.5%. The negative predictive value of LBEC (99.1%) was higher than that of SETB (98.1%), although the difference between these values was not significant.ConclusionsThe clinical performance of LBEC for detecting endometrial malignancies was almost identical to the performance of SETB. This indicates that LBEC was not inferior to SETB for the detection of endometrial cancer. The LBEC is appropriate for various clinical situations as the first‐step detecting tool. In addition, it could be used for cancer surveillance for women with signs highly suggestive of endometrial malignancies and in Lynch syndrome patients, on a larger scale.
Transcranial direct current stimulation in children with autism spectrum disorder: a systematic scoping review
Authors: Osório Ana Alexandra Caldas , Brunoni Andre Russowsky 
Published: November 2018

AimOur aim was to review available studies which test transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to reduce symptom severity in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).MethodWe performed a systematic scoping review in PubMed and PsychINFO databases for studies employing tDCS in children and adolescents with ASD.ResultsWe found five studies (two small randomized controlled studies, one experimental study, one quasi‐experimental study, and one case study) reporting positive effects of tDCS in ASD symptom reduction. Study design varied greatly and sample size ranged from 1 to 20 patients.InterpretationPreliminary evidence is encouraging of the potential usefulness of tDCS for treatment of ASD in children and adolescents. It suggests tentative support for reductions in symptom severity and, according to parental reports and clinical observations, improvements in some aspects of language. However, the evidence is sparse and of low quality, so the true effect of tDCS is likely to be substantially different from the estimate of effect in this review. Therefore, future randomized controlled trials are needed to draw conclusions regarding tDCS efficacy in paediatric samples with ASD.What this paper adds

There is low confidence in the estimate of effect, but tentatively encouraging results warrant further investigation.
Do economic sanctions affect protectionism? Evidence from agricultural support
Authors: Lv Zhike , Xu Ting 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to examine whether economic sanctions contribute to influencing the target countries’ protectionist policies in the agricultural sector. Using pooled mean group estimations in a dynamic heterogeneous panel setting, we find robust empirical evidence that, in the long‐run, economic sanctions decrease agricultural protection in the target counties, and this effect is mitigated by the wealth of the target's economy. However, the relationship is insignificant in the short run. Furthermore, our results also suggest that the impact of sanctions on agricultural protection (a) increases with the severity of economic sanctions, (b) is greater for multilateral sanctions than unilateral sanctions, and (c) is more severe on agricultural protection when sanctions span a longer duration.
Drosophila melanogaster infected with Wolbachia strain wMelCS prefer cooler temperatures
Authors: Arnold Pieter A. , Levin Samantha C. , Stevanovic Aleksej L. , Johnson Karyn N. 
Published: November 2018

1. Temperature plays a fundamental role in the dynamics of host–pathogen interactions. Wolbachia is an endosymbiotic bacteria that infects about 40% of arthropod species, which can affect host behaviour and reproduction. Yet, the effect of Wolbachia on host thermoregulatory behaviour is largely unknown, despite its use in disease vector control programs in thermally variable environments.2. Here, a thermal gradient was used to test whether Drosophila melanogaster infected with Wolbachia strain wMelCS exhibited different temperature preferences (Tp) to uninfected flies.3. It was found that Wolbachia‐infected flies preferred a cooler mean temperature (Tp = 25.06 ± 0.25 °C) than uninfected flies (Tp = 25.78 ± 0.24 °C).4. This finding suggests that Wolbachia‐infected hosts might seek out cooler microclimates to reduce exposure to, and lessen the consequences of, high temperatures. This finding has generated hypotheses that will be fruitful in areas of research for exploring the mechanisms by which the change in Tp occurs in this complex and significant host–pathogen–environment interaction.
Effect of amino acids on Maillard reaction product formation and total antioxidant capacity in white pan bread
Authors: Shen Yanting , Tebben Lauren , Chen Gengjun , Li Yonghui 
Published: November 2018

SummaryMaillard reaction products (MRPs) can be an important dietary antioxidant source. Bread is the most popular bakery product; however, limited information is available on the antioxidant activities of MRPs generated during bread‐baking. This paper reports the effect of different amino acids on bread properties, melanoidin formation and antioxidant activities. Totally six amino acids at four different levels were evaluated. Increasing the amount of amino acid led to darker bread crust, higher melanoidin content and stronger antioxidant activity. Among the six amino acids, bread with glycine had the highest melanoidin content and ABTS radical scavenging activity up to 1079.77 ± 8.43 μmol TE mg−1. Bread with lysine had the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity up to 281.97 ± 10.52 μmol TE mg−1. Bread with alanine had the highest crust metal chelating activity compared with others. Adding certain dietary amino acids is a potential approach to enhance the antioxidant capacity of bread products.
Do We Need Integrity in a Theory of Justice? A Critique of the ‘Argument from Integrity’ in Favour of Accommodations
Authors: Fornaroli Giulio 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA number of authors in recent liberal political theory have advanced an ‘argument from integrity’ in favour of legal accommodations. This holds that people are entitled to forms of legal accommodations every time they can plausibly claim that complying with a certain norm compromises their ability to act in accordance with some fundamental personal values. I advance two points against this argument. Valuing integrity unconditionally is implausible because a life devoid of integrity is one that does not prevent anyone from developing crucial liberal virtues. If integrity is valued conditionally, on the other hand, its normative role becomes redundant. In fact, I argue, the key liberal values of fairness and toleration can give a more plausible guidance with regard to the problem of how to treat (and sometimes accommodate) moral commitments that are incompatible with public norms. I conclude that the notion of personal integrity is, by itself, unnecessary and possibly detrimental in a theory of justice.
Gender differences, UV exposure and risk of lentigo maligna in a nationwide healthcare population cohort study
Authors: Higgins H.W. , Cho E. , Weinstock M.A. , Li T.Y. , Qureshi A. , Li W.Q. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundOur understanding of the relationship between ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure and lentigo maligna (LM) has been largely derived from epidemiologic/clinical studies based on invasive melanoma. Recent studies have shown gender differences in melanocytic tumours incidence.ObjectiveTo examine the association of UV light with LM by gender remains unclear.MethodsTwo prospective cohort study [Nurses’ Health Study (1980–2012)] and [Health Professionals Follow‐up Study (1986–2010)] were analysed. All participants with LM or MIS, non‐LM type were included in analysis. UV index at birth, age 15, and age 30 were calculated by gender. Lifetime UV flux was calculated. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated.ResultsA total of 110 485 women from NHS and 41 015 men from HPFS were examined. A total of 281 LM and 776 melanoma in situ (MIS), non‐LM cases were reported. Risk of LM increased with increasing UV flux exposure in multivariate‐adjusted models for men (P for trend = 0.04), but not for women (P for trend = 0.91).ConclusionsUV flux may be associated with LM in men but not in women.
Optimization of ultrasound‐assisted enzymatic extraction of Sohiong (Prunus nepalensis) juice
Authors: Vivek Kambhampati , Mishra Sabyasachi , Pradhan Rama Chandra 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSohiong (Prunus nepalensis) fruit is an underutilized fruit of Northeastern part of India and is known as a rich source of micronutrients, polyphenols, and anthocyanin. The synergistic effect of ultrasound and enzymatic treatment on extraction of Sohiong fruit juice was investigated for maximum juice yield. The process variables in juice extraction were modeled and optimized by Box–Behnken design. The combined impact of ultrasound and pectinase enzyme on various quality characteristics was studied. The juice recovery and the quality of juice were found to be optimum at 90% ultrasound amplitude with ultrasound treatment time of 9.95 min, enzyme concentration of 0.03% w/w, and incubation time of 57.44 min. This process was then compared with only enzymatic extraction. As a whole ultrasound pretreatment significantly increases the juice yield by 20%, total soluble solids by 24%, anthocyanin by 25%, total phenols by 8%, and DPPH radical scavenging activity by 4.4%. Moreover, combined ultrasound and pectinase enzyme treatment significantly reduces the juice extraction time by 22 min compared with enzyme treatment alone. Hence, this could be an efficient alternative emerging technique to extract juice from the fruit.Practical applicationsGood quality juice production from fruits is difficult with enzyme treatment alone. Therefore, there has been an increasing research trend toward extracting the fruit juice with maximum recovery of phytochemicals. This study provides an insight on synergistic effect of ultrasound‐assisted enzymatic extraction of Sohiong fruit juice with improved quality with maximum juice yield. This study also provides an optimization of the process and possible solution for scaling up the process in the industrial level for increased juice yields.
A short extraction time of vegetable oil from Carica papaya L. seeds using continuous ultrasound acoustic cavitation: Analysis of fatty acid profile and thermal behavior
Authors: Senrayan Jeeva , Venkatachalam Sivakumar 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe objective of the present study is to extract the vegetable oil from papaya seeds (Carica papaya L) using Continuous Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (CUAE) method. A face centered–central composite response surface design was applied to explore and optimize the process variables on the oil recovery (%) from papaya seeds. The maximum oil recovery (27.87%) was obtained when CUAE was carried out at 1:13(g/ml) solid–liquid ratio, 80% amplitude level, 48°C temperature and short extraction time of 7 min. Analysis of fatty acid composition revealed that the predominant fatty acid in papaya seed oil was oleic acid (18:1) (74.8%). The cavitation effect on the sample surface for oil extraction was identified using SEM analysis. Thermal stability of oil was analyzed using TGA and results showed that 71% (weight basis) of oil have been stable up to 319°C. FTIR analysis was confirmed that fatty acid functional groups were present in the oil.Practical applicationsThe continuous ultrasound acoustic cavitation technique improves the oil recovery (%) with a shorter extraction time and low solvent consumption. Moreover, the high intensity sonicator did not affect the fatty acid composition of the papaya seed oil. The oil sample contains 75% oleic acid (18:1) out of the total fatty acid composition, similar to the oleic acid composition of commercial vegetable oils such as Canola (75%), safflower (77%), olive (>75%), and sunflower (>80%). It can be used for frying purposes in food industry as it has high thermal stability, 71% by weight of oil stable till 319°C. Thus, the results show that this technique is a promising extraction technique for vegetable oil extraction from waste papaya seeds with high quality of fatty acid composition.
Use of Physical Supply and Use Tables for Calculation of Economy‐Wide Material Flow Indicators
Authors: Kovanda Jan 
Published: November 2018

SummaryThe study described in this article presents the first‐ever physical supply and use tables (PSUTs) based on the recently published methodological standard for the System of Environmental‐Economic Accounting (SEEA). The tables were compiled for the Czech Republic for 2014. The compilation procedure followed was described in detail so that it can serve as a source of inspiration and a benchmark for other researchers and/or statisticians. The major shortcoming of the PSUTs is that not all needed data were readily available in physical units and required estimations based on proxies. Some parts of the tables are therefore burdened with a degree of uncertainty. In order to address the price inhomogeneity of sectoral prices for commodity outputs, imports, and exports, which tends to be typical for monetary supply and use tables (MSUTs), the PSUTs and MSUTs were further used for the calculation of raw material equivalents of import, exports, and raw material input (RMI) and raw material consumption (RMC) indicators. A comparison of results showed that the total indicators do not differ that much: the largest difference of 5% was recorded for raw material equivalents of exports, while RMC, for instance, remained nearly the same. However, we still argue for the use of PSUTs for the calculation of raw material equivalents, as changes in total volume of the indicators were accompanied with changes in their material structure. This can have significant consequences for the assessment of environmental impacts related to material consumption, as environmental impacts are very material specific.
Involvement of sweet pepperCaLOX2in jasmonate‐dependent induced defence against Western flower thrips
Authors: Sarde Sandeep J , Bouwmeester Klaas , Venegas‐Molina Jhon , David Anja , Boland Wilhelm , Dicke Marcel 
Published: November 2018

AbstractInsect herbivory can seriously hinder plant performance and reduce crop yield. Thrips are minute cell‐content‐feeding insects that are important vectors of viral plant pathogens, and are serious crop pests. We investigated the role of a sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) lipoxygenase gene,CaLOX2,in the defense of pepper plants against Western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis). This was done through a combination ofin‐silico,transcriptional, behavioral and chemical analyses. Our data show thatCaLOX2is involved in jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis and mediates plant resistance. Expression of the JA‐related marker genes,CaLOX2andCaPIN II, was induced by thrips feeding. Silencing ofCaLOX2in pepper plants through virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) resulted in low levels ofCaLOX2transcripts, as well as significant reduction in the accumulation of JA, and its derivatives, upon thrips feeding compared to control plants.CaLOX2‐silenced pepper plants exhibited enhanced susceptibility to thrips. This indicates thatCaLOX2mediates JA‐dependent signaling, resulting in defense against thrips. Furthermore, exogenous application of JA to pepper plants increased plant resistance to thrips, constrained thrips population development and made plants less attractive to thrips. Thus, a multidisciplinary approach shows that an intact lipoxygenase pathway mediates various components of sweet pepper defense againstF. occidentalis.
The role of innate immunity in mucopolysaccharide diseases
Authors: Parker Helen , Bigger Brian W. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMucopolysaccharidoses are lysosomal storage disorders characterised by accumulation of abnormal pathological glycosaminoglycans, cellular dysfunction and widespread inflammation, resulting in progressive cognitive and motor decline. Lysosomes are important mediators of immune cell function, and therefore accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and other abnormal substrates could affect immune function and directly impact on disease pathogenesis. This review summarises current knowledge with regard to inflammation in mucopolysaccharidosis, with an emphasis on the brain and outlines a potential role for GAGs in induction of inflammation. We propose a model by which the accumulation of GAGs and other factors may impact on innate immune signalling with particular focus on the Toll‐like receptor 4 pathway. Innate immunity appears to have a dominating role in mucopolysaccharidosis; however, furthering understanding of innate immune signalling would have significant impact on highlighting novel anti‐inflammatory therapeutics for use in mucopolysaccharide diseases.
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This article is part of the Special Issue “Lysosomal Storage Disorders”.