bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exercise Interventions in Huntington's Disease: An Individual Patient Data Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Playle Rebecca , Dimitropoulou Polyxeni , Kelson Mark , Quinn Lori , Busse Monica 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundPhysical activity may be beneficial in Huntington's disease (HD); however, studies to date have been underpowered to detect change. We combined data from five randomized controlled feasibility trials using individual patient data meta‐analyses.Methods/DesignAll trial interventions comprised a combination of supervised and self‐directed physical activity, with varied emphasis on aerobic, strength, endurance, flexibility, and task training. Duration ranged from 8 to 16 weeks. The primary outcome was the modified Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Motor Score. Secondary outcomes included the Symbol Digit Modality Test, Berg Balance Scale, 30‐second Chair stand, Timed Up and Go, Gait Speed, Physical Performance Test, Six‐Minute Walk, International Physical Activity Questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, EuroQol Health Utility Index, and Short‐Form 36 Health Related Quality of Life Scale. The primary analysis utilized a two‐stage approach. A one‐stage approach was explored as a sensitivity analysis using a cross‐classified (by study site) linear mixed‐effects model.ResultsOne hundred twenty‐one participants provided complete data. Risk of bias was moderate; however, primary outcomes were blind assessed. Primary pooled effect estimates adjusted for baseline modified motor score (95% confidence interval) were 0.2 (–2.1 to 2.6) favoring control. There was considerable heterogeneity between the studies.ConclusionsThere was no evidence of an exercise effect on the modified motor score in these relatively short‐duration interventions. Longer‐duration trials incorporating supervised components meeting frequency, intensity, time, and type principles are required. Lack of common outcomes limited the analysis and highlight the importance of a core outcome set for evaluating exercise in HD.
In vivo demonstration of microscopic anisotropy in the human kidney using multidimensional diffusion MRI
Authors: Nery Fabio , Szczepankiewicz Filip , Kerkelä Leevi , Hall Matt G. , Kaden Enrico , Gordon Isky , Thomas David L. , Clark Chris A. 
Published: June 2019

PurposeTo demonstrate the feasibility of multidimensional diffusion MRI to probe and quantify microscopic fractional anisotropy (µFA) in human kidneys in vivo.MethodsLinear tensor encoded (LTE) and spherical tensor encoded (STE) renal diffusion MRI scans were performed in 10 healthy volunteers. Respiratory triggering and image registration were used to minimize motion artefacts during the acquisition. Kidney cortex–medulla were semi‐automatically segmented based on fractional anisotropy (FA) values. A model‐free analysis of LTE and STE signal dependence on b‐value in the renal cortex and medulla was performed. Subsequently, µFA was estimated using a single‐shell approach. Finally, a comparison of conventional FA and µFA is shown.ResultsThe hallmark effect of µFA (divergence of LTE and STE signal with increasing b‐value) was observed in all subjects. A statistically significant difference between LTE and STE signal was found in the cortex and medulla, starting from b = 750 s/mm2 and b = 500 s/mm2, respectively. This difference was maximal at the highest b‐value sampled (b = 1000 s/mm2) which suggests that relatively high b‐values are required for µFA mapping in the kidney compared to conventional FA. Cortical and medullary µFA were, respectively, 0.53 ± 0.09 and 0.65 ± 0.05, both respectively higher than conventional FA (0.19 ± 0.02 and 0.40 ± 0.02).ConclusionThe feasibility of combining LTE and STE diffusion MRI to probe and quantify µFA in human kidneys is demonstrated for the first time. By doing so, we show that novel microstructure information—not accessible by conventional diffusion encoding—can be probed by multidimensional diffusion MRI. We also identify relevant technical limitations that warrant further development of the technique for body MRI.
Fishing together, fishing on its own: Fish exploitation patterns at the Neolithic Alepotrypa cave (Diros, Greece) and Aegean prehistoric fishing traditions
Authors: Theodoropoulou Tatiana 
Published: June 2019

AbstractVarious marine animal assemblages from prehistoric contexts across the Mediterranean suggest a focus on the exploitation of marine resources by coastal populations as early as the Mesolithic. Along with the harvesting of nearshore coastal resources (fish and invertebrates), a more organised fishing activity that targeted pelagic species, traditionally considered migratory, is evident in several Mesolithic assemblages. With the advent of the Neolithic, marine‐related subsistence activities seem to be gradually restricted to the exploitation of coastal year‐round resources. The cave of Alepotrypa in the Peloponnese, Greece, provides an opportunity to ascertain the exploitation practices of a coastal Late/Final Neolithic community in which a combination of fishing strategies and a diversified connection to the sea were apparent. The abundant shell assemblage demonstrates the importance of molluscs for consumption, as well as the various uses of their shell. This paper focuses on the fish remains from the cave. Fish assemblages from this period are rather sparse in the Aegean. The study of the fish assemblage highlights the exploitation of pelagic fish species as well as the harvesting of a wide range of coastal fish species. A shift from pelagic to coastal resources and an intensification of fishing are also observed from the Late to Final Neolithic. These trends are discussed in the perspective of social organisation and technological adaptations, with an emphasis on the engagement of Neolithic fishermen in communal and individual fishing strategies and the seasonally important role of these activities. The choice of specific exploitation strategies and the diachronic trends observed suggest that earlier Mediterranean fishing traditions persisted until the end of the Neolithic.
Optimal parameter selection problem with application to the synchronization of delivery cycles in a supply chain with Wiener process
Authors: Wong Kar Hung , Chan Chi Kin , Lee Y. C. E. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryIn this paper, we use optimal parameter selection technique to develop two models involving single‐vendor–multiple‐buyer supply chain, which are called the dynamic independent optimization (DIO) model and the dynamic synchronized cycles (DSC) model, respectively. These models are, respectively, similar to the traditional static independent policy model and the traditional static synchronized cycle model, except that the deterministic demands of the buyers in the above two static models are now being replaced by the stochastic demands satisfying a Wiener process, which have more real‐life applications. Similar to the above static synchronized cycles model, the synchronization of the supply chain in our DSC model is also achieved by scheduling the delivery days of the buyers and coordinating them with the vendor's production cycle. Finding the optimal expected system costs of the DIO model and the DSC model involves solving optimal parameter selection problems governed by ordinary differential equations, whose final times are continuous decision variables and discrete decision variables, respectively. Computational methods have been developed for solving these problems. Numerical results show that the coordinated policy is better than the independent optimization policy, in terms of minimizing the expected system cost of the entire supply chain. Sensitivity analysis is performed to test the effect of changing the cost coefficients and the
value on the performances of these models, where
is the ratio of the total mean demand rate of all the buyers over the vendor's production rate.
Phytochemical and anti‐inflammatory properties of Scurrula ferruginea (Jack) Danser parasitising on three different host plants elucidated by NMR‐based metabolomics
Authors: Hong Xia , Mat Isa Nurulfiza , Fakurazi Sharida , Safinar Ismail Intan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntroductionScurrula ferruginea (Jack) Danser is a hemi‐parasitic shrub that is widely used as a traditional herbal medicine.ObjectivesTo elucidate the anti‐inflammatory activity of S. ferruginea parasitising on three different hosts of Vitex negundo L., Micromelum minutum (G. Forst.) Wight & Arn. and Tecoma stans (L.) Juss ex HBK., as well as, to determine the metabolite differences related to their anti‐inflammatory properties.Materials and MethodsTwo plant parts of S. ferruginea, stems and leaves, were extracted in water. The freeze‐dried stem of S. ferruginea grown on T. stans was liquid–liquid partitioned into several solvents. Their potential anti‐inflammatory activity was assessed via inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ)‐induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The metabolite variation was examined using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR) combined with multivariate data analysis (MVDA).ResultsScurrula ferruginea stems parasitising on T. stans and V. negundo which were freeze dried exhibited higher anti‐inflammatory activity with IC50 values of 114.47 ± 2.96 and 118.87 ± 2.31 μg/mL, respectively. The mid‐polar ethyl acetate fraction of S. ferruginea hosted on T. stans displayed the highest NO inhibition with 84.80 ± 0.45% at 200 μg/mL. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated notable and clear discriminations among the different plant parts and host plants based on the identified metabolites. Furthermore, partial least squares (PLS) regression model suggested the anti‐inflammatory bioactivity might be associated with the presence of choline, isoleucine, catechin, leucine and chlorogenic acid.ConclusionThis study suggests S. ferruginea could serve as a potential anti‐inflammatory agent, highlighting the importance of T. stans as the host plant.
Toward one‐pot olefin/thiophene block copolymers using an in situ ligand exchange
Authors: Leone Amanda K. , Dewyer Amanda L. , Kubo Tomohiro , Zimmerman Paul M. , McNeil Anne J. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTBlock copolymers containing both conducting and insulating segments are of interest due to their enhanced electrical properties arising from their increased crystallization. Yet few methods exist for generating these copolymers, because the reaction conditions for synthesizing each block are often incompatible. Herein, efforts toward identifying a one‐pot, living polymerization method for synthesizing block copolymers of 1‐pentene and 3‐hexylthiophene is described. An in situ ligand exchange enables the optimal catalyst to be utilized for synthesizing each block. Even under these conditions, however, only homopolymers are observed. Computational studies modeling the ligand exchange reveal that the added stabilizing ligands likely inhibit propagation of the second block. These results suggest an ancillary ligand‐based “goldilocks” effect wherein catalysts that are stable yet still reactive are required. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 1601–1605
Cause analysis of the faults in HARC etching processes by using the PI‐VM model for OLED display manufacturing
Authors: Park Seolhye , Kyung Yunyoung , Lee Juyoung , Jang Yongsuk , Cha Taewon , Noh Yeongil , Choi Younghoon , Kim Byungsoo , Cho Taeyoung , Seo Rabul , Yang Jae‐Ho , Jang Yunchang , Ryu Sangwon , Kim Gon‐Ho 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHigh‐aspect ratio contact (HARC) etching is a bottleneck step of the high‐definition organic light emitting diode (OLED) display manufacturing processes. HARC process is frequently failed during the mass production, because this requires the high‐energy ion flux and the sidewall passivation, simultaneously. To analyze the cause of HARC process failures, plasma information (PI)‐based virtual metrology (VM) algorithm was developed by using the equipment engineering system and the optical emission spectroscopy data recorded from the fab. Developed PI‐VM could predict the process faults with >90% of the accuracy, and the cause analysis function was also validated. We could suggest a right solution to the failure, and more efficient management of the OLED display manufacturing was possible.
Review of methods for the mitigation of plasma‐induced damage to low‐dielectric‐constant interlayer dielectrics used for semiconductor logic device interconnects
Authors: Miyajima Hideshi , Ishikawa Kenji , Sekine Makoto , Hori Masaru 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe developments in advanced interconnect technology for semiconductor logic devices for the mitigation of plasma‐induced damage to low‐dielectric‐constant (low‐k) materials, including fluorosilicate glass and carbon‐doped silicon oxide is reviewed. The chemical bond structures of low‐k materials are summarized to help mitigate the k value degradation caused by moisture uptake after plasma processes. Damage suppression is accomplished by integrating deposition chemistries, pattern etch transfer, and post‐etch cleaning technologies. On the basis of analyses results, a discussion on the bond engineering of low‐k materials and their degradation during plasma processing is given. Challenges facing low‐k interconnect technology are also addressed.
The role of science identity in science center visits and effects
Authors: Shein Paichi P. , Falk John H. , Li Yuh‐Yuh 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we use dimensions of the construct “science identity” as an analytic lens to tap into the motivation and learning of science center visits. This exploratory empirical study was based on a large international dataset drawn from 10 science centers in countries across Europe, Asia, and North America, to investigate the self‐selecting, moderating, and self‐reinforcing roles that scientific identity plays in science center visits and effects. We used path analysis to investigate the relationships among three aspects: (a) science identity, (b) science center visit, and (c) effects in knowledge, interest, and participation, while controlling the social categories of age, gender, educational level, and income. The findings showed that visiting a science center correlated with positive effects in adults’ knowledge, participation and interest in science and technology. Dimensions of science identity appeared to play a self‐reinforcing role in visitors’ self‐reports of effects at all 10 science centers and played a moderating role in visit‐effect relationships for 2 out of the 10 science centers. There was no evidence that dimensions of science identity played a significant self‐selecting role in determining who does or does not visit a science center.
Biphenyl‐Amine‐Based D‐π‐A’‐π‐A Sensitizers for DSSCs: Comparative Photo‐Conversion Efficiency in Iodide/triiodide and Cobalt‐Based Redox Electrolyte and DFT Study
Authors: Raikwar Manish M. , Sonigara Keval K. , Patil Dinesh S. , Machhi Hiren , Soni Saurabh S. , Sekar Nagaiyan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe have designed and synthesized two dye molecules viz. MMR1 ((E)‐2‐cyano‐3‐(5‐((E)‐1‐cyano‐2‐(4′‐(dimethylamino)‐[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐4‐yl)vinyl)thiophen‐2‐yl)acrylic acid) and MMR2 (2‐((Z)‐5‐((5‐((E)‐1‐cyano‐2‐(4′‐(dimethylamino)‐[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐4‐yl)vinyl)thiophen‐2‐yl)methylene)‐4‐oxo‐2‐thioxothiazolidin‐3‐yl)acetic acid) with D‐π‐A’‐π‐A frameworks. The synthesized interfacial modifiers have dimethyl aniline as the donor group whereas cyanoacetic acid and rhodanine‐3‐acetic acid as the major acceptor groups in MMR1 and MMR2 respectively. The photophysical study in solution medium shows red shifted absorption maxima (λmax) for MMR2 vs MMR1. However, the molar extinction coefficient (ϵmax) for MMR2 is found to be lower than MMR1. The photovoltaic characterization of these molecules was carried out using iodide/triiodide and cobalt (II/III) based redox electrolytes for comparision. The molecules showed improved efficiency with the cobalt based electrolytes where MMR1 showed the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.25% (Jsc=7.28 mA/cm2, Voc=0.713 V, FF=0.63). Further to have a deep insight into these synthesized molecules DFT studies were performed. The polarizability and hyperpolarizability values for the interfacial modifiers are calculated using DFT computation and are found to be correlated to the PCE.
Enhanced Stability of Abundant Amorphous Iron (III) oxide Grafted AlSBA‐15 as Highly Efficient Heterogeneous Fenton Catalyst for the Destruction of Phenol
Authors: Thirumoorthy Kulandaivel , Satishkumar Govindaswamy 
Published: June 2019

Abstract24 wt% of iron has been successfully grafted as amorphous iron oxide over mesoporous channels of SBA‐15 and 10 wt% alumina coated SBA‐15 (AlSBA‐15) using selective extraction deposition (SED) technique. The synthesized materials have been characterized using XRD, N2 adsorption studies, SEM‐EDS, 27Al MAS NMR, XPS, H2‐TPR, and HR‐TEM techniques. 27Al MAS NMR and XPS characterization results revealed that iron has been preferentially grafted over alumina. The increased binding energy of the Fe2p electron (XPS) in the 24wt %Fe/AlSBA‐15 confirms the existence of strong donor‐acceptor interaction between grafted iron oxide and an alumina support. In TPR studies, unlike silica support, AlSBA‐15 tuned the reduction property of various grafted oxidic iron species, which is evidenced by shifting of iron reduction peak to a high temperature of 436 °C. In the destruction of 200 ppm of phenol 24wt %Fe/AlSBA‐15 catalyst demonstrated 100% phenol conversion and 86% TOC removal with 0.4 ppm (0.1%) iron leaching within 30 minutes of reaction. 24wt %Fe/SBA‐15 catalyst also exhibited similar performance however, leaching of iron was found to be up to 20 ppm (8%). The 24wt %Fe/AlSBA‐15 catalyst was recycled successfully five times without loss in the catalytic activity and stability.
Typification of the Linnaean name Myosotis nana (Boraginaceae)
Authors: Galasso Gabriele , Selvi Federico 
Published: June 2019

In this note we designate a lectotype and a supporting epitype for the Linnaean name Myosotis nana L., whose validity has been questioned by some authors. The name is shown to be validly published by Linnaeus and, as such, the correct basionym for Eritrichium nanum (L.) Schrad. ex Gaudin, a well‐known European alpine plant.
Health consequences of climate change in Bangladesh: An overview of the evidence, knowledge gaps and challenges
Authors: Rahman Mohammed M. , Ahmad Sate , Mahmud Ayesha S. , Hassan‐uz‐Zaman Md. , Nahian Mahin A. , Ahmed Ali , Nahar Quamrun , Streatfield Peter K. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractClimate change affects almost all aspects of human life, including health. This is particularly true in densely populated and low lying deltas such as Bangladesh. However, the climate‐health nexus is a relatively poorly explored domain of research, which is a cause for concern given the country's intrinsic vulnerability to climatic impacts. The impact of climate change on human health and well‐being can be manifested through different pathways and can be categorized as being direct or indirect, mediated through complex biophysical and social dynamics. The direct effects of climate change that have been observed in Bangladesh include morbidity and mortality due to heat stress, cyclones, floods, droughts and other weather extremes at different spatio‐temporal scales. The indirect effects adopt more complex routes which includes, threatening food and water security due to salinity intrusion, and spread of infectious diseases due to changes in vector and pathogen ecology. Social dynamics in Bangladesh, such as those related to gender roles, poverty and power relations, also influence how the effects of climate change are experienced by different segments of the society. The Government of Bangladesh has a number of measures already in place, efforts that have been complemented by local interventions. Evidence to take robust health policy decisions related to climate change is limited and scattered, while there is a lack of multidisciplinary research efforts. Considering these limitations, generating and summarizing scientific evidence is vital for informing a resilient health system against future public health concerns in climate vulnerable countries such as Bangladesh and in other low‐income regions.This article is categorized under:
Assessing Impacts of Climate Change > Evaluating Future Impacts of Climate Change
Urban stormwater characterization, control, and treatment
Authors: Rodak Carolyn M. , Moore Trisha L. , David Ray , Jayakaran Anand D. , Vogel Jason R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis review summarizes over 250 studies published in 2018 related to the characterization, control, and management of urban stormwater runoff. The review covers three broad themes: (a) quantity and quality characterization of stormwater, (b) control and treatment of stormwater runoff, and (c) implementation and assessment of watershed‐scale green stormwater infrastructure (GSI). Each section provides an overview of the 2018 literature, common themes, and future work. Several themes emerged from the 2018 literature including exploration of contaminants of emerging concern within stormwater systems, characterization and incorporation of vegetation‐driven dynamics in stormwater control measures, and the need for interdisciplinary perspectives on the implementation and assessment of GSI.Practitioner points

Over 250 studies were published in 2018 related to the characterization, control, and treatment of stormwater.

Studies cover general stormwater characteristics, control and treatment systems, and watershed‐scale assessments.

Trends in 2018 include treatment trains, vegetation dynamics, and interdisciplinary perspectives.
The sets of Dirichlet non-improvable numbers versus well-approximable numbers
Authors: BAKHTAWAR AYREENA , BOS PHILIP , HUSSAIN MUMTAZ 
Published: June 2019

Let $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F9}:[1,\infty )\rightarrow \mathbb{R}_{+}$ be a non-decreasing function, $a_{n}(x)$ the $n$th partial quotient of $x$ and $q_{n}(x)$ the denominator of the $n$th convergent. The set of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F9}$-Dirichlet non-improvable numbers, $$\begin{eqnarray}G(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F9}):=\{x\in [0,1):a_{n}(x)a_{n+1}(x)>\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F9}(q_{n}(x))\text{ for infinitely many }n\in \mathbb{N}\},\end{eqnarray}$$ is related with the classical set of $1/q^{2}\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F9}(q)$-approximable numbers ${\mathcal{K}}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F9})$ in the sense that ${\mathcal{K}}(3\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F9})\subset G(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F9})$. Both of these sets enjoy the same $s$-dimensional Hausdorff measure criterion for $s\in (0,1)$. We prove that the set $G(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F9})\setminus {\mathcal{K}}(3\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F9})$ is uncountable by proving that its Hausdorff dimension is the same as that for the sets ${\mathcal{K}}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F9})$ and $G(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F9})$. This gives an affirmative answer to a question raised by Hussain et al [Hausdorff measure of sets of Dirichlet non-improvable numbers. Mathematika 64(2) (2018), 502–518].