bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recalibrating hope: A longitudinal study of the experiences of people with aphasia after stroke
Authors: Bright Felicity A.S. , McCann Clare M. , Kayes Nicola M. 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundHope is a critical resource for people with aphasia after stroke, sustaining people though times of distress and uncertainty and providing motivation. In the first months after stroke, hope is vulnerable to different influences, and people can struggle to identify and work towards hopes for the future. We have little knowledge about how people with aphasia experience hope in the longer term after stroke.ObjectivesTo identify how people with aphasia experience hope 1 year after stroke and how hope may change in the year after stroke.MethodsThe study used an Interpretive Description methodology. Interviews were conducted with four people with aphasia who had been interviewed 1 year previously. These were analysed using content analysis.ResultsAll people reported a broad sense of hope for the future. They described an active process of recalibrating their early poststroke hopes through a process of reflecting on past progress, current function and what they considered might be possible and desirable in the future. People were able to develop ‘new’ hopes that were meaningful and seemingly achievable when they had a sense of a possible, desirable future. Those who struggled to see a possible future maintained a hope that things will be good. Social supports, a sense of progress, engagement in meaningful activities and interactions appeared crucial in helping people (re)develop hopes for their future.ConclusionsHope and hopes for the future gradually changed after stroke. Hope, identity and social connectedness were closely entwined and could enable people to both dwell in the present and move towards desired futures. This research suggests clinicians should prioritise creating hope‐fostering environments which support people to develop hope for their future.
The relationship between breastfeeding attitudes and perceived stress levels of Turkish mothers
Authors: Duran Songül , Kaynak Serap , Karadaş Ayşe 
Published: September 2019

AimsIn the present study, it was aimed to investigate the relationships between breastfeeding attitude and perceived stress levels of Turkish mothers.MethodsIn this descriptive study, the Personal Information Form prepared by the researchers, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale (IIFAS) were used to collect the study data. The present study included 788 mothers having 0‐6 month‐old infants. The data obtained were with the independent t‐test, one‐way ANOVA and Pearson correlation analyses.FindingsThe mean scores of the participants obtained from the PSS and IIFAS were 25.60 ± 7.3 and 61 ± 6.6, respectively. At the end of the correlation analysis, it was observed that breastfeeding attitude decreased as the perceived stress level increased in mothers.ConclusionsThe results of the research indicated that as the perceived stress levels of mothers in the postpartum period increased, their breastfeeding attitudes decreased. It is suggested that nurses should support women by providing education and counselling during pregnancy and postpartum period.
The effect of humour on nursing professionals’ psychological well‐being goes beyond the influence of empathy: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Navarro‐Carrillo Ginés , Torres‐Marín Jorge , Corbacho‐Lobato José Manuel , Carretero‐Dios Hugo 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundPrior research has underlined the meaningful function of humour in nursing settings. Nonetheless, most of the empirical evidence on humour and nursing derives from approaches that mainly considered the potential beneficial effects of humour, neglecting potential detrimental effects of the dark side of humour. Moreover, little is known about whether the specific repercussions of humour on healthcare professionals’ well‐being would go beyond empathy—a construct robustly related to psychological well‐being.AimsTo examine whether distinctive humour styles (affiliative, self‐enhancing, aggressive and self‐defeating) are differentially associated with the psychological well‐being of nursing professionals. Importantly, we also analysed whether these potential humour effects go over and above the influence of empathy‐related traits (perspective‐taking and personal distress).MethodA cross‐sectional, descriptive correlational design was used. A convenience sample of 104 nursing professionals with a minimum work experience of one year was recruited.ResultsOur results revealed that a greater inclination to affiliative and self‐enhancing humour styles was strongly related to higher scores on happiness, sociability, hope and life satisfaction among nursing professionals. Concerning maladaptive humour styles, aggressive humour was related to low life satisfaction and high nursing stress. By contrast, self‐defeating humour—a theoretically detrimental humour style—was related to higher scores on health among these professionals. These effects emerged even after controlling for the influence of demographics (i.e., gender, age and years of experience), perspective‐taking and personal distress.ConclusionsOur results suggest that adaptive humour styles may promote positive indicators of well‐being, but they might not protect against negative indicators. Moreover, differential effects of maladaptive humour styles emerged. Whereas aggressive humoristic expressions can be interpreted as a sign of a poor psychological functioning, self‐defeating humour may boost positive psychological outcomes among nursing professionals. These data can help to design more efficient humour‐based intervention programmes aimed at minimising potential negative consequences of nursing activity.
Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys: Delivering Robust Data on Children and Women across the Globe
Authors: Khan Shane , Hancioglu Attila 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis article provides an overview of the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) as a data source. MICS—one of the largest household survey programs focused on children and women—has covered 116 countries, many over several rounds of surveys producing trend data. Data are collected on a range of indicators for children, adolescents, women, and in recent years, men. Topics include fertility, mortality, contraceptive use, unmet need, maternal and newborn health, female genital mutilation, menstrual hygiene management, child illness and treatment, and child development and nutrition, among others. The surveys are cross‐sectional and use multistage probability designs to develop representative samples of households at the national and subnational levels. Survey interviews are conducted with: a household respondent who provides data on the household status; women and men aged 15–49 who provide current status and retrospective data on themselves; and mothers (or caregivers) who provide data on children under age 18. Data can be compared across countries and time for the most part, provide a wealth of indicators across research fields, and are open access. Data can be accessed on the MICS website where users are granted access to the MICS datasets for research purposes.
How to ask sensitive multiple‐choice questions
Authors: Lagerås Andreas , Lindholm Mathias 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMotivated by recent failures of polling to estimate populist party support, we propose and analyze two methods for asking sensitive multiple‐choice questions where the respondent retains some privacy and therefore might answer more truthfully. The first method consists of asking for the true choice along with a choice picked at random. The other method presents a list of choices and asks whether the preferred one is on the list or not. Different respondents are shown different lists. The methods are easy to explain, which makes it likely that the respondent understands how her privacy is protected and may thus entice her to participate in the survey and answer truthfully. The methods are also easy to implement and scale up.
Predicting post‐operative functional ability from pre‐operative measures in ACL‐injured individuals
Authors: Smale Kenneth B. , Alkjaer Tine , Flaxman Teresa E. , Krogsgaard Michael R. , Simonsen Erik B. , Benoit Daniel L. 
Published: September 2019

PurposeThis study aimed to quantify the relationship between objective and subjective measures of functional ability and determine if measures in the deficient (ACLd) state were correlated to, and capable of predicting a patient's objective and subjective measures in the reconstructed (ACLr) state.MethodsTwenty ACL‐injured participants completed hop and side cut movements prior to and 10 months post‐reconstruction. Their subjective measures (Tegner, Lysholm, IKDC, KOOS, and KNEEs) were related to objective measures of functional ability (peak knee flexion, peak knee extensor moment, stiffness, knee joint center excursion (KJCE), and knee joint center boundary). Correlations were used to determine relationships between variables whereas regressions were used to identify ACLd score's predictive ability of an ACLr score.ResultsRelationships between objective and subjective measures were task and ACL status dependent with KJCE and stiffness most commonly being related to subjective scores. The greatest correlation was between knee stiffness and Tegner in the ACLr group during the side cut (r = 0.69). Peak knee flexion angle (adj. R2 = 0.4‐0.66) was the best objective predictor between ACLd and ACLr states while KOOS‐ADL had the strongest correlations (r = 0.70‐0.77) and Tegner had the greatest predictive power (odds ratio: 1.46‐1.86) between states in both tasks.ConclusionObjective measures show a wide range of correlation to subjective measures with some being quite strong. Furthermore, objective measures in the ACLd state are more correlated and more often capable of predicting ACLr scores than the subjective measures of functional ability.
Anticipation of drop height affects neuromuscular control and muscle‐tendon mechanics
Authors: Helm Michael , Freyler Kathrin , Waldvogel Janice , Lauber Benedikt , Gollhofer Albert , Ritzmann Ramona 
Published: September 2019

This study examined the effect of drop height on neuromechanical control of the plantarflexors in drop jumps (DJs) before and during ground contact (GC). The effect of anticipation on muscle mechanical configurations was investigated in 22 subjects in three conditions (20, 30, and 40 cm): (i) known, (ii) unknown, or (iii) cheat falling heights (announced 40 cm, but actual drop height was 20 cm). Electromyographic (EMG) activity of the m. gastrocnemius medialis (GM) and other shank muscles was recorded and analyzed before GC and during GC separately for the short‐, medium‐, and long‐latency responses (SLR, MLR, and LLR). Changes in GM fascicle length (LM) were determined via B‐mode ultrasound, and muscle‐tendon unit length (LMTU) was estimated. Peak force (P < .001), rate of force development (RFD) (P = .001) and GM EMG activity prior to (P = .003) and during GC (P = .007) was reduced in the unknown compared with the known conditions (P < .05). The amount of shortening in LMTU during GC in unknown and cheat was less compared with the known conditions (P = .005; P = .049). Changes in LMTU lengthening negatively correlated with changes in GM activity around SLR and MLR (P = .006; P = .02) in known and unknown conditions. Taken together, it seems that the central nervous system applies a protective strategy in the unknown condition by reducing muscle activity to result in a lower muscular stiffness and increased tendinous lengthening prior to and during GC. This might be a mechanism to absorb greater elastic energy in the tendon and reduce the magnitude and rate of muscle lengthening and subsequent stretch‐induced muscle damage.
A framework to promote equity in clinical clerkships
Authors: Lai Cindy J , Jackson Andrea V , Wheeler Margaret , Dhaliwal Gurpreet , Ziv Tal Ann , Kryzhanovskaya Irina , Teherani Arianne 
Published: September 2019

SummaryBackgroundDiversifying the medical student body without striving for equity in the clerkship (first full‐time clinical training year) learning environment disadvantages under‐represented in medicine (UIM) students and undermines the educational process.ContextTo characterise and address inequities within an internal medicine clerkship, we conducted a multi‐phased process to promote equity in the clerkship learning environment at an urban medical school with multiple sites.… we conducted a multi‐phased process to promote equity in the clerkship learning environment …InnovationThe process to improve the learning environment and equity in the clerkship included: (i) a literature review and needs assessment (focus group) with UIM students; (ii) a medicine clerkship retreat with school leaders and diversity experts to reflect on the needs assessment data and generate interventions to improve equity; (iii) a member checking session with UIM students to ensure that the proposed solutions addressed the inequities that were noted in the needs assessment.ImplicationsThe needs assessment revealed eight themes in the clerkship learning environment that were mapped to a published framework describing barriers encountered by UIM students. These themes informed the development of five clerkship pilot interventions. Implementing interventions inspired by UIM student perspectives may improve the learning environment in clinical clerkships by encouraging a culture of equity. The three‐phased approach described here provides leaders who direct educational programmes with a framework to initiate change by characterising inequities as a springboard for developing solutions.
Genetic variation and temperature affects hybrid barriers during interspecific hybridization
Authors: Bjerkan Katrine N. , Hornslien Karina S. , Johannessen Ida M. , Krabberød Anders K. , van Ekelenburg Yuri S. , Kalantarian Maryam , Shirzadi Reza , Comai Luca , Brysting Anne K. , Bramsiepe Jonathan , Grini Paul E. 
Published: September 2019

SummaryGenomic imprinting regulates parent‐specific transcript dosage during seed development and is mainly confined to the endosperm. Elucidation of the function of many imprinted genes has been hampered by the lack of corresponding mutant phenotypes, and the role of imprinting is mainly associated with genome dosage regulation or allocation of resources. Disruption of imprinted genes has also been suggested to mediate endosperm‐based post‐zygotic hybrid barriers depending on genetic variation and gene dosage. Here, we have analyzed the conservation of a clade from the MADS‐box type I class transcription factors in the closely related species Arabidopsis arenosa, A. lyrata, and A. thaliana, and show that AGL36‐like genes are imprinted and maternally expressed in seeds of Arabidopsis species and in hybrid seeds between outbreeding species. In hybridizations between outbreeding and inbreeding species the paternally silenced allele of the AGL36‐like gene is reactivated in the hybrid, demonstrating that also maternally expressed imprinted genes are perturbed during hybridization and that such effects on imprinted genes are specific to the species combination. Furthermore, we also demonstrate a quantitative effect of genetic diversity and temperature on the strength of the post‐zygotic hybridization barrier. Markedly, a small decrease in temperature during seed development increases the survival of hybrid F1 seeds, suggesting that abiotic and genetic parameters play important roles in post‐zygotic species barriers, pointing at evolutionary scenarios favoring such effects.Open Research Badges

This article has earned an Open Data Badge for making publicly available the digitally‐shareable data necessary to reproduce the reported results. The data is available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/?term=PRJNA562212. All sequences generated in this study have been deposited in the National Center for Biotechnology Information Sequence Read Archive (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra/) with project number PRJNA562212.
A pilot study on the comparative minimum inhibitory and mutant prevention concentration values for moxifloxacin and pradofloxacin against canine and human isolates of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and S. schleiferi
Authors: Plowgian Curtis , Blondeau Joseph M. , Levinson Matthew , Rosenkrantz Wayne 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundMoxifloxacin is a fourth‐generation fluoroquinolone (FQ) that is approved for use in people to treat a variety of infections. Some veterinary microbiology laboratories report moxifloxacin in culture and sensitivity profiles for Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and S. schleiferi albeit using Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) breakpoints for S. aureus. Previous studies have shown that S. aureus breakpoints can mischaracterize S. pseudintermedius susceptibility to various drugs. Pradofloxacin is a third generation veterinary FQ with a similar mechanism of action and spectrum of activity to moxifloxacin; however, the dose format (25 mg/mL solution) available in the USA may limit its practical use in large dogs.ObjectiveTo determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), mutant prevention concentration (MPC) and mutant selection window (MSW) of moxifloxacin and pradofloxacin for isolates of S. pseudintermedius and S. schleiferi.Methods and materialsPulsed‐field gel electrophoresis was performed to establish that each bacterial isolate selected for testing represented an unique strain. The MIC, MPC and MSW for moxifloxacin and pradofloxacin were determined from 60 strains of S. pseudintermedius and seven strains of S. schleiferi.ResultsThe MIC and MPC ranges of moxifloxacin and pradofloxacin for meticillin‐susceptible S. pseudintermedius were similar. However, MIC and MPC ranges were much wider and resistance to both drugs was more common for meticillin‐resistant strains of S. pseudintermedius and S. schleiferi.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe narrow MSW of these drugs may reduce the risk of selecting for antibiotic‐resistant subpopulations. Pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and safety studies are needed.
Harmonic Generation at a Nonlinear Imperfect Joint of Plates by the S0 Lamb Wave Incidence
Authors: Mori Naoki , Biwa Shiro , Kusaka Takayuki 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Nonlinear interaction of Lamb waves with an imperfect joint of plates for the incidence of the lowest-order symmetric (S0) Lamb wave is investigated by perturbation analysis and time-domain numerical simulation. The imperfect joint is modeled as a nonlinear spring-type interface, which expresses interfacial stresses as functions of the displacement discontinuities. In the perturbation analysis, under the assumption of weak nonlinearity, the second-harmonic generation at the joint is examined in the frequency domain by the thin-plate approximation using extensional waves. As a result, the amplitude of the second-harmonic extensional wave is shown to be in good agreement with the result of the S0 mode in a low-frequency range. However, it is found that the thin-plate approximation does not reproduce the amplification of the second-harmonic S0 mode, which occurs due to the resonance of the joint. Furthermore, the time-domain analysis is performed by the elastodynamic finite integration technique (EFIT). When the amplitude of the incident wave is relatively large, the fundamental wave and the second harmonic exhibit different behavior from the results by the perturbation analysis. Specifically, if the incident amplitude is increased, the peak frequency of the second-harmonic amplitude becomes low. The transient behavior of the nonlinear interaction is also examined and discussed based on the results for the weak nonlinearity.
A Framework Based on K-Means Clustering and Topic Modeling for Analyzing Unstructured Manufacturing Capability Data
Authors: Sabbagh Ramin , Ameri Farhad 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The natural language descriptions of the capabilities of manufacturing companies can be found in multiple locations including company websites, legacy system databases, and ad hoc documents and spreadsheets. To unlock the value of unstructured capability data and learn from it, there is a need for developing advanced quantitative methods supported by machine learning and natural language processing techniques. This research proposes a hybrid unsupervised learning methodology using K-means clustering and topic modeling techniques in order to build clusters of suppliers based on their capabilities, automatically infer topics from the created clusters, and discover nontrivial patterns in manufacturing capability corpora. The capability data is extracted either directly from the website of manufacturing firms or from their profiles in e-sourcing portals and directories. Feature extraction and dimensionality reduction process in this work are supported by N-gram extraction and latent semantic analysis (LSA) methods. The proposed clustering method is validated experimentally based on a dataset composed of 150 capability descriptions collected from web-based sourcing directories such as the Thomas Net directory for manufacturing companies. The results of the experiment show that the proposed method creates supplier cluster with high accuracy. Two example applications of the proposed framework, related to supplier similarity measurement and automated thesaurus creation, are introduced in this paper.
Discrete Layer Jamming for Variable Stiffness Co-Robot Arms
Authors: Zhou Yitong , Headings Leon M. , Dapino Marcelo J. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Continuous layer jamming is an effective tunable stiffness mechanism that utilizes vacuum to vary friction between laminates enclosed in a membrane. In this paper, we present a discrete layer jamming mechanism that is composed of a multilayered beam and multiple variable pressure clamps placed discretely along the beam; system stiffness can be varied by changing the pressure applied by the clamps. In comparison to continuous layer jamming, discrete layer jamming is simpler as it can be implemented with dynamic variable pressure actuators for faster control, better portability, and no sealing issues due to no need for an air supply. Design and experiments show that discrete layer jamming can be used for a variable stiffness co-robot arm. The concept is validated by quasi-static cantilever bending experiments. The measurements show that clamping 10% of the beam area with two clamps increases the bending stiffness by around 17 times when increasing the clamping pressure from 0 to 3 MPa. Computational case studies using finite element analysis for the five key parameters are presented, including clamp location, clamp width, number of laminates, friction coefficient, and number of clamps. Clamp location, number of clamps, and number of laminates are found to be most useful for optimizing a discrete layer jamming design. Actuation requirements for a variable pressure clamp are presented based on results from laminate beam compression tests.
Geometrical Analysis of Connecting Beam Mandala: A Planar Deployable Mechanism
Authors: Chen Bin , Hu Jie , Chen Weixing , Qi Jin 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Connecting beam (CB) mandala is a kind of planar deployable mechanism with the ability of scaling up and down like a mandala flower. It is constructed by many-component connecting beams, which are identical circle arcs with specific arc angle and three revolving joints (one middle joint and two end joints) located symmetrically. In this paper, a detailed geometrical analysis of CB mandala is reported. Some basic concepts and parameters are proposed to describe CB mandala's geometry. Based on them, the scaling motion of CB mandala is analyzed, and its five morphologies and their unique features are presented. CB mandala's application is also discussed and illustrated with a simple case.