bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experiences of shame and guilt in anorexia and bulimia nervosa: A systematic review
Authors: Blythin Suzanne P. M. , Nicholson Hannah L. , Macintyre Vanessa G. , Dickson Joanne M. , Fox John R. E. , Taylor Peter J. 
Published: September 2018

ObjectivesEmotional states may play an important role in the development and maintenance of anorexia (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN). This systematic review aimed to examine the evidence regarding the relationship that shame and guilt have with two eating disorders, AN and BN.MethodsFour major databases (Pubmed, PsychINFO, Web of Science, Medline) were searched (up until April 2018) for studies measuring guilt or shame in clinically diagnosed AN and BN groups. Included papers were evaluated for risk of bias.ResultsTwenty‐four papers met the inclusion criteria. Several methodological issues were noted within the reviewed studies, including a lack of longitudinal data and unaccounted confounding variables. Nonetheless, shame was typically more common in those with AN and BN than controls, was positively related to the severity of symptoms, and associated with the onset of eating disorder‐related difficulties (e.g., binging or purging). Effect sizes were typically moderate to large. The role of guilt was less clear, with few studies and mixed results.DiscussionThere is preliminary evidence that shame is implicated in the aetiology of AN and BN presentations, whilst there is currently insufficient evidence of such a role for guilt. It remains unclear whether shame is a risk factor for the development of AN and BN or a consequence of these difficulties.Practitioner Points

Elevated shame appears to be a feature of anorexia (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN).

Shame appears to fluctuate with the occurrence of eating disordered behaviours like binging, purging or restricted eating.

Guilt is less consistently linked to AN and BN presentations.

Interventions directed at shame may be helpful for these populations.

A lack of longitudinal data means the temporal features of these relationships are still unclear.
Moving from a permanent to a 5 year deferral for donors with cured cancer results in a substantial reduction in deferral rates
Authors: Goldman Mindy , Yi Qi‐Long , O'Brien Sheila F. 
Published: September 2018

Background and ObjectivesDonor eligibility policies can be precautionary and restrictive, resulting in substantial donation loss. Canadian Blood Services changed from a permanent to a five‐year deferral for most non‐cutaneous cancers following a recently published large‐scale Scandinavian data linkage study. We evaluated the impact of this change on deferral rates.Materials and MethodsWe assessed the number and rate of deferrals for cancer in the two years before and after the criteria change, and examined computer records of 100 consecutive donors with a history of cancer.ResultsOverall deferrals declined from 3.1 to 1.1 per 1000 donations. The reduction was similar for males and females, but greater for first time donors (9.4 to 3.2/1000) than repeat donors (2.4 to 0.8/1000).ConclusionsDeferrals were substantively reduced, with the greatest impact on new donors. Studies performed in one jurisdiction may benefit donors and ultimately patients in other countries.
Disentangling Host-Microbiota Regulation of Lipid Secretion by Enterocytes: Insights from Commensals
Lactobacillus paracasei
and
Escherichia coli
Authors: Tazi Asmaa , Araujo João Ricardo , Mulet Céline , Arena Ellen T. , Nigro Giulia , Pédron Thierry , Sansonetti Philippe J. 
Published: September 2018

The specific contribution of each bacterial species within a complex microbiota to the regulation of host lipid metabolism remains largely unknown. Using two model commensal microorganisms,
L. paracasei
and
E. coli
, we demonstrated that both bacterial species impacted host lipid metabolism in a diet-dependent manner and, notably, that
L. paracasei
-colonized mice but not
E. coli
-colonized mice resisted high-fat-diet-induced body weight gain. In addition, we set up cellular models of fatty acid absorption and secretion by enterocytes cocultured with bacteria and showed that,
in vitro
, both
L. paracasei
and
E. coli
inhibited lipid secretion, through increased intracellular fat storage and enhanced lipid catabolism, respectively.
Understanding better how emergency doctors work. Analysis of distribution of time and activities of emergency doctors: a systematic review and critical appraisal of time and motion studies
Authors: Abdulwahid Maysam Ali , Booth Andrew , Turner Janette , Mason Suzanne M 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundOptimising the efficiency and productivity of senior doctors is critical to ED function and delivery of safe patient care. Time and motion studies (TMS) can allow quantification of how these doctors spend their working time, identify inefficiencies in the current work processes and provide insights into improving working conditions, and enhancing productivity. Three questions were addressed: (1) How do senior emergency doctors spend their time in the ED? (2) How much of their time is spent on multitasking? (3) What is the number of tasks completed per hour?MethodsThe literature was systematically searched for TMS of senior emergency doctors. We searched for articles published in peer-reviewed journals in English language from 1998 to 2018 in the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane. Studies were assessed for methodological quality using evidence-based quality criteria relevant for TMS including duration of observation, observer bias, Hawthorne effect and whether the task classification acknowledged any previous existing schemes. A narrative synthesis approach was followed.ResultsFourteen TMS were included. The studies were liable to several biases including observer and Hawthorne bias. Overall, the time spent on direct face-to-face contact with the patient accounted for at least around 25%–40% of the senior doctors’ time. The remaining time was mostly spent on indirect clinical care such as communication (8%–44%), documentation (10%–28%) and administrative tasks (2%–20%). The proportion of time spent on multitasking ranged from 10% to 23%. When reported, the number of tasks performed per hour was generally high.ConclusionThe review revealed that senior doctors spent a large percentage of their time on direct face-to-face contact with patients. The review findings provided a grounded understanding of how senior doctors spent their time in the ED and could be useful in implementing improvements to the emergency care system.
Economic evaluations of strategies to prevent sports and recreational injury among children and adolescents: a systematic review
Authors: Michaels-Igbokwe Christine , Lee Raymond , Marshall Deborah A , Currie Gillian 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveTo identify, summarise and critically assess studies reporting costs and consequences of sport and recreation injury prevention strategies among children and adolescents.DesignSystematic review.Methods and data sourcesWe searched MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE, CINAHL, Pubmed, Econlit and SPORTDiscus and PEDE. Included studies were peer reviewed full economic evaluations or cost analyses of sport/recreation injury prevention among children and adolescents≤18 years of age. The Pediatric Quality Appraisal Questionnaire was used for quality assessment.ResultsThe initial search yielded 1896 unique records; eight studies met inclusion criteria. Six studies were related to injury prevention in the context of recreation, two were related to sports. For recreation studies in cycling and swimming: costs per head injury averted was US$3109 to $228 197; costs per hospitalisation avoided was US$3526 to 872 794; cost per life saved/death avoided was US$3531 to $103 518 154. Sport interventions in hockey and soccer were cost saving (fewer injuries and lower costs). Global quality assessments ranged from poor to good. Important limitations included short time horizons and intermediate outcome measures.ConclusionsFew rigorous economic evaluations related to sport and recreation injury prevention have been conducted. The range of estimates and variation in outcomes used preclude specific conclusions; however, where strategies both improve health and are cost saving, implementation should be prioritised. Future economic evaluations should incorporate time horizons sufficient to capture changes in long-term health and use utility-based outcome measures in order to capture individual preferences for changes in health states and facilitate comparison across intervention types.
Reduced expression of SIRT1 and SOD-1 and the correlation between these levels in various regions of the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Cao Kun , Dong Yang-Ting , Xiang Jie , Xu Yi , Hong Wei , Song Hui , Guan Zhi-Zhong 
Published: September 2018

AimsThis study was designed to explore the expression and distribution of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD-1) in various regions of the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), as well as to assess potential correlations between the levels of these proteins and also between these proteins and the Braak stage of AD.MethodsIn the temporal and frontal cortices, hippocampus and cerebellum of 10 patients with AD and 10 age-matched control subjects, expression of SIRT1 and SOD-1, together with histopathology, were assessed by immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent stainings. Relationships between variables were examined with the Pearson correlation test.ResultsThe numbers of both SIRT1-positive and SOD-1-positive neurons and integrated optical density of immunohistochemical staining for these proteins in the temporal and frontal cortices, and hippocampus of patients with AD were significantly decreased than those in corresponding controls. In the case of the cerebellum, very weak expression of SIRT1 and obvious expression of SOD-1 were observed in granule cells, with no significant difference between AD and the control group. Interestingly, the protein levels between SIRT1 and SOD-1, as well as the level of SIRT1 or SOD-1 and Braak stage, were significantly correlated in neurons in all regions of the AD brains investigated except for the cerebellum.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that the reduced level of SIRT1 in the brains of patients with AD may be related to the decline in SOD-1 and neuropathological changes of this disorder.
Pooled Analysis of Nine Cohorts Reveals Breast Cancer Risk Factors by Tumor Molecular Subtype
Authors: Gaudet Mia M. , Gierach Gretchen L. , Carter Brian D. , Luo Juhua , Milne Roger L. , Weiderpass Elisabete , Giles Graham G. , Tamimi Rulla M. , Eliassen A. Heather , Rosner Bernard , Wolk Alicja , Adami Hans-Olov , Margolis Karen L. , Gapstur Susan M. , Garcia-Closas Montserrat , Brinton Louise A. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Various subtypes of breast cancer defined by estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER2 exhibit etiologic differences in reproductive factors, but associations with other risk factors are inconsistent. To clarify etiologic heterogeneity, we pooled data from nine cohort studies. Multivariable, joint Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for molecular subtypes. Of 606,025 women, 11,741 invasive breast cancers with complete tissue markers developed during follow-up: 8,700 luminal A–like (ER+ or PR+/HER2−), 1,368 luminal B–like (ER+ or PR+/HER2+), 521 HER2-enriched (ER−/PR−/HER2+), and 1,152 triple-negative (ER−/PR−/HER2−) disease. Ever parous compared with never was associated with lower risk of luminal A–like (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.73–0.83) and luminal B–like (HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.64–0.87) as well as a higher risk of triple-negative disease (HR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.02–1.50; P value for overall tumor heterogeneity &lt; 0.001). Direct associations with luminal-like, but not HER2-enriched or triple-negative, tumors were found for age at first birth, years between menarche and first birth, and age at menopause (P value for overall tumor heterogeneity &lt; 0.001). Age-specific associations with baseline body mass index differed for risk of luminal A–like and triple-negative breast cancer (P value for tumor heterogeneity = 0.02). These results provide the strongest evidence for etiologic heterogeneity of breast cancer to date from prospective studies.
Significance: These findings comprise the largest study of prospective data to date and contribute to the accumulating evidence that etiological heterogeneity exists in breast carcinogenesis. Cancer Res; 78(20); 6011–21. ©2018 AACR.
DNA Methylation of LRRC3B: A Biomarker for Survival of Early-Stage Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: Guo Yichen , Zhang Ruyang , Shen Sipeng , Wei Yongyue , Salama Sebastian Moran , Fleischer Thomas , Bjaanæs Maria Moksnes , Karlsson Anna , Planck Maria , Su Li , Zhu Zhaozhong , Staaf Johan , Helland Åslaug , Esteller Manel , Christiani David C. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Background:
Previous studies support a tumor-suppressor role for LRRC3B across various types of cancers. We aimed to investigate the association between DNA methylation of LRRC3B and overall survival (OS) for patients with early-stage non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods:
This study included 1,230 patients with early-stage NSCLC. DNA was extracted from lung tumor tissues and DNA methylation was measured using Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChips. The association between DNA methylation and OS was first tested using Cox regression on a discovery cohort and then validated in an independent cohort. Next, the association between DNA methylation and gene expression was investigated in two independent cohorts. Finally, the association between gene expression and OS was investigated in three independent groups of patients.

Results:
Three novel DNA methylation sites in LRRC3B were significantly associated with OS in two groups of patients. Patients with hypermethylation in the DNA methylation sites had significantly longer survival than the others in both the discovery cohort (HR, 0.62; P = 2.02 × 10−05) and validation cohort (HR, 0.55; P = 4.44 × 10−04). The three DNA methylation sites were significantly associated with LRRC3B expression, which was also associated with OS.

Conclusions:
Using clinical data from a large population, we illustrated the association between DNA methylation of LRRC3B and OS of early-stage NSCLC.

Impact:
We provide evidence of plausibility for building biomarkers on DNA methylation of LRRC3B for OS of early-stage NSCLC, thus filling a gap between previous in vitro studies and clinical applications.
Smad7 Promotes Healing of Radiotherapy-Induced Oral Mucositis without Compromising Oral Cancer Therapy in a Xenograft Mouse Model
Authors: Luo Jingjing , Bian Li , Blevins Melanie A. , Wang Dongyan , Liang Chao , Du Danfeng , Wu Fanglong , Holwerda Barry , Zhao Rui , Raben David , Zhou Hongmei , Young Christian D. , Wang Xiao-Jing 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPurpose:We previously reported preventive and therapeutic effects of Smad7, a multifunctional protein, on radiotherapy (RT)-induced mucositis in mice without promoting human oral cancer cell survival or migration in vitro. The current study aims to determine whether a Smad7-based biologic can treat existing oral mucositis during radiotherapy for oral cancer and whether this treatment compromises RT-induced cancer cell killing in neighboring oral cancer.Experimental Design: We transplanted human oral cancer cells into the tongues of mice and applied craniofacial irradiation to simultaneously kill tumor cells and induce oral mucositis, thus modeling RT and mucositis in oral cancer patients. We topically applied a recombinant human Smad7 protein fused with the cell-penetrating Tat tag (Tat-Smad7) to the oral mucosa of tumor-bearing mice post RT when oral mucositis began to develop.Results:Topically applied Tat-Smad7 penetrated cells in both the oral mucosa and oral cancer, attenuating TGFβ and NF-κB signaling as well as inflammation at both sites. Tat-Smad7 treatment alleviated oral mucositis with reductions in DNA damage and apoptosis in keratinocytes, but increased keratinocyte proliferation compared with vehicle-treated mucositis lesions. In contrast, adjacent oral cancer exposed to Tat-Smad7 did not show alterations in proliferation or direct DNA damage, but showed increased oxidative stress damage and apoptosis compared with tumors treated with vehicle.Conclusions:Our results suggest that short-course Tat-Smad7 application to oral mucositis promotes its healing but does not compromise the cytotoxic effect of RT on oral cancer and has context-specific effects on oral mucosa versus oral cancer.
Nomenclature and synonymic remarks on two species of Eupterotidae (Lepidoptera) described by Johan Christian Fabricius, and notes on related species
Authors: ZOLOTUHIN VADIM V. 
Published: September 2018

Types of two species of monkey moths (Eupterotidae, Lepidoptera) described by Johan Christian Fabricius were located and are here figured for the first time, and lectotypes are designated for both species. The lectotype of Bombyx hibisci Fabricius 1775 is a male from the Hunterian Museum (Glasgow). The lectotype of Bombyx orientalis Fabricius 1793, originally listed from “Dom. Lund” was found in the Zoological Museum—University of Copenhagen (as temporarily loan from the Zoological Museum of Kiel University) with an old incorrect identification label. Both species are members of the genus Eupterote Hübner, 1820 (so-called Brachytera-lineage). The following new synonymy can thus be established: Eupterote orientalis (Fabricius, 1793), comb. nov. (= Dreata geminata Walker 1855, syn. nov., syn. corr.; = Eupterote geminata var. hebes Grünberg 1914, syn. nov.; = Dreata anada Moore 1860, syn. nov., = Brachytera phalaenaria C. & R. Felder, 1874, syn. nov., = Eupterote auriflua Moore, 1884, syn. nov.). The type locality for orientalis originally given as “India orientali” is likely to be Sri Lanka. The related taxon, Eupterote gardneri Bryk, 1950, stat. nov. is established as valid species (bona species) with the a new synonym, Eupterote bifasciata Kishida, 1994, syn. nov. Eupterote primularis Moore, 1884 is considered a distinct species native to Central and Southern India.
NowCastMIX: Automatic Integrated Warnings for Severe Convection on Nowcasting Time Scales at the German Weather Service
Authors: James Paul M. , Reichert Bernhard K. , Heizenreder Dirk 
Published: September 2018

AbstractNowCastMIX is the core nowcasting guidance system at the German Weather Service. It automatically monitors several systems to capture rapidly developing high-impact mesoscale convective events, including 3D radar volume scanning, radar-based cell tracking and extrapolation, lightning detection, calibrated precipitation extrapolations, NWP, and live surface station reports. Within the context of the larger warning decision support process AutoWARN, NowCastMIX integrates the input data into a high-resolution analysis, based on a fuzzy logic approach for thunderstorm categorization and extrapolation, to provide an optimized warning solution with a 5-min update cycle for lead times of up to 1 h. Feature tracking is undertaken to optimize the direction of warning polygons, allowing individual, tangentially moving cells or cell clusters to be tracked explicitly. An adaptive ensemble clustering is deployed to reduce the spatial complexity of the resulting warning fields and smooth noisy temporal variations to a manageable level for duty forecasters. Further specialized outputs for civil aviation and for a public mobile phone warning app are generated. Now in its eighth year of operation, a comprehensive and complete set of thunderstorm analyses and nowcasts over Germany has been created, which is of unique value for ongoing research and development efforts for improving the system, as well as for addressing climatological aspects of severe convection. Verification has shown that NowCastMIX has helped to significantly improve the quality of the official warnings for severe convective weather events when used within the AutoWARN process.
An Opportunity Squandered? Elites, Social Movements, and the Government of Evo Morales
Authors: Farthing Linda 
Published: September 2018

Over its 12 years in power, Bolivia’s MAS government has made significant advances in expanding inclusion and reducing poverty. In the process, it has steadily been transformed into a hegemonic force that is increasingly dependent on expedient and pragmatically based compromises with economic elites. Concurrently, social movement influence and participation in the government have steadily declined. After 2009, when an uprising by Eastern elites had been quashed and MAS gained a congressional majority, the MAS missed an opening to advance its original project of structural change, opting instead for a more expedient strategy that has kept it in power at the cost of accommodating elites and debilitating social movements. Durante sus 12 años en el poder, el gobierno MAS de Bolivia ha logrado avances significativos en expandir la inclusión y reducir la pobreza. En el proceso, se ha transformado continuamente en una fuerza hegemónica que depende cada vez más de compromisos oportunos y basados en pragmatismo con las élites económicas. Al mismo tiempo, la influencia y la participación en el gobierno de los movimientos sociales ha disminuido continuamente. Después de 2009, cuando un levantamiento de las élites del Este se suprimió y el MAS ganó una mayoría en el Congreso, el MAS perdió una oportunidad para avanzar en su proyecto original de cambio estructural, optando por una estrategia más conveniente que lo mantuvo en el poder a costa de acomodar a las élites y debilitar los movimientos sociales.
Improving the Impact Behaviour of Structural Foams
Authors: Michaeli Walter , Flórez Laura , Obeloer Dominik , Brinkmann Markus 
Published: September 2018

Injection moulded thermoplastic foams, which are always structural foams, combine the versatility of thermoplastic materials with substantial material and energy savings. Through different studies, it has been demonstrated that their mechanical properties can be improved through the control of the foam morphology. In a study conducted at the IKV, several foam morphologies have been prepared and their impact properties have been studied through instrumented puncture tests. Both an amorphous material and a semi-crystalline material have been evaluated. The force vs. displacement curves have been obtained for each material and the properties of maximal impact force and energy absorbed have been correlated with the morphological parameters of skin thickness, cell size and foam density. The results show that the absorption capabilities of the foam can be substantially improved if the foam morphology is controlled. Furthermore, the foam structure affects the fracture behaviour during impact.