bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polar boundary layer bromine explosion and ozone depletion events in the chemistry–climate model EMAC v2.52: implementation and evaluation of AirSnow algorithm
Authors: Falk Stefanie , Sinnhuber Björn-Martin 
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Ozone depletion events (ODEs) in the polar boundary layer have been observed
frequently during springtime. They are related to events of boundary layer
enhancement of bromine. Consequently, increased amounts of boundary layer
volume mixing ratio (VMR) and vertical column densities (VCDs) of BrO
have been observed by in situ observation, ground-based as well as airborne
remote sensing, and from satellites. These so-called bromine explosion (BE)
events have been discussed serving as a source of tropospheric BrO at
high latitudes, which has been underestimated in global models so far. We
have implemented a treatment of bromine release and recycling on sea-ice- and
snow-covered surfaces in the global chemistry–climate model EMAC
(ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry) based on the scheme of
Toyota et al. (2011). In this scheme, dry deposition fluxes of HBr,
HOBr, and BrNO3 over ice- and snow-covered surfaces are
recycled into Br2 fluxes. In addition, dry deposition of O3,
dependent on temperature and sunlight, triggers a Br2 release from
surfaces associated with first-year sea ice. Many aspects of observed bromine
enhancements and associated episodes of near-complete depletion of boundary
layer ozone, both in the Arctic and in the Antarctic, are reproduced by this
relatively simple approach. We present first results from our global model
studies extending over a full annual cycle, including comparisons with Global
Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) satellite BrO VCDs and surface
ozone observations.
Psychiatric Malpractice in Jewish Law
Authors: Dollin Yeshai , Roth Joel 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Psychiatric malpractice is an important and increasing phenomenon in the medical world, and although the frequency of litigation is low, the importance of addressing the liability of negligent psychiatrists is not. This work provides a comprehensive analysis of the different categories of psychiatric malpractice namely intentional torts, sexual exploitation, suicide, violent patients, breach of confidentiality, and somatic therapies from an American legal perspective including major civil court cases pertaining to these different categories. Each of these different categories are then viewed through a Jewish legal lens utilizing sources from the Torah, Tosefta, Talmud, Codes, Rishonim, Ahronim, and contemporary responsa to investigate the liability of a negligent psychiatrist from a halakhic perspective.
Utilization of Natural Zeolites as Cu (Ii) and Zn (Ii) Adsorbent
Authors: Dewi Evi Mutiara , Suwardi . , Suryaningtyas Dyah Tjahyandari , Anwar Syaiful 
Published: March 2018

This research was aimed to determine the differences of physical and chemical characteristics from three natural zeolites from Tasikmalaya, Bayah and Lampung areas and to examine the characteristics of the natural zeolite adsorption capability to the micro-nutrients. The zeolite characterization analysis included some variables i.e. mineral types, morphologyand pH, CEC (Cation Exchange Capacity), BSP (Base Saturation Point), Cu and Zn content of zeolite. Analysis of natural zeolite adsorption characteristics were done by Batch System. Data interpretation were done by using the isothermal adsorption equation of Langmuir, Freundlich and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET).The results showed that zeolite from Bayah and Tasikmalaya had a similiar morphology and it was categorized as mordenite types and platy structure, while zeolite from Lampung was a clinoptilolite type and tabular structure. The CEC of Tasikmalaya zeolite (137.58 cmol(-)kg-1) was higher than Bayah (96.75 cmol(-)kg-1) and Lampung (87.72 cmol(-)kg-1). Adsorption capability at the Langmuir equation of Cu by Bayah zeolite (47.619 mg g-1) was higher than Lampung (33.333 mgg-1) and Tasikmalaya (28.571 mg g-1). Effective adsorption of Zn by Bayah zeolite 19.417 mg g-1 was higher than Lampung (16.949 mg g-1) and Tasikmalaya (1.395 mg g-1).
Quality Improvement of Compost from Empty Oil Palm Fruit Bunch by the Addition of Boiler Ash and its effect on Chemical Properties of Ultisols and the Production of Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)
Authors: Mulyani Sri , Suryaningtyas Dyah Tjahyandari , Suwardi . , Suwarno . 
Published: March 2018

Productions of crude palm oil (CPO) produce waste which include the empty oil palm fruit bunch (EOPFB), palm oil mill effluent, shells, and fiber. The combustions of shell and fiber as boiler feed produce waste in the form of boiler ash. Boiler ash is very potential to use as an additive to improve quality of the EOPFB compost. The objectives of this research were to study : 1) effect of boiler ash on the quality of the EOPFB compost, 2) effect of EOPFB compost on the chemical properties of Ultisol, and the yield of mustard. The first experiment was about quality improvement of compost from EOPFB by the addition of boiler ash. The treatments applied were four dose levels of boiler ash: K1= 0%, K2 = 15%, K3 = 25%, and K4 = 35%. The second experiment was greenhouse pot experiment. This experiment was consisted of thirteen treatments with three replications arranged in completely randomized design (CRD). The treatments applied were: four types of compost from the first experimental results aplied to the soil with four dose levels, i.e : 0, 10, 20 and 30 Mg ha-1. The results showed that the addition of boiler ash at the beginning of the composting process improved the quality of the EOPFB compost: which increased pH, amount of humic acids, macro and micro nutrients content and decreased content of Pb. The aplication of all compost –K1, K2, K3, K4– to Ultisol increased pH H2O, P2O5, organic-C, total-N, exchangeable-Ca, exchangeable-K and yield of mustard and decreased exchangeable-H, exchangeable-Al. Moreover the yield of mustard was increased about 84% (33.9 g plant-1) with K4 at doses 20 Mg ha-1 and 85% (34.1 g plant-1) with K3 at doses 10 Mg ha-1.
Land Suitability and Proposed Land Utilization of Selaru Island, West Southeast Moluccas Regency for Development Food Crops
Authors: Sirappa Marthen Pasang , Waas Edwen Donald , Susanto Andriko Noto 
Published: March 2018

The study was conducted in Selaru Island, West Southeast Moluccas Regency in an area of 32,217 ha. The research objective was to determine the land suitability and proposed land utilization of Selaru Island for development of food crops. The results showed that Selaru Island has a rather suitable (S2) and marginally suitable (S3) for six crops (upland rice, corn, peanuts, mungbeans, sweet potato, and caladium) covering an area of 19,330 ha and not suitable permanent (N2) for the six crops covering an area of 3,905 ha, while the area of 8,982 ha partly classified accordingly (S3) to plant upland rice and calladium and partially classified as not suitable (N1 and N2) for corn, peanuts, mungbeans, and sweet potatoes. The main limiting factor to the primary land use for food crops in Selaru Island, West Southeast Moluccas Regency among others are the temperatures (the average annual temperature is high), rooting medium (soil solum is shallow), nutrient retention (soil pH is rather alkaline to alkaline), erosion hazard level is moderate, and terrain (wave, rocks on the surface of the soil, and rock outcrop).The proposed land utilization of Selaru Island for food crops based on land suitability classes are (1) food crops of upland-1 with the main commodities of corn, mungbeans, uwi/kumbili and caladium an area of 5,299 ha, (2) food crops of upland-2 with the main commodities of upland rice, uwi/kumbili and caladium an area of 8,982 ha, and (3) food crops of upland-3 with the main commodities peanuts and mungbean an area of 14,031 ha. Development of food crops in Selaru Island need to consider the priority scale factor, the level of compliance, and social culture of the local community.Keywords: Food crops, land suitability, limiting factor, proposed land utilization, Selaru Island
The Effect of Soil Moisture Content and Animal Manure Application on the Growth of Mendong (Fimbristylis globulosa (Retz.) Kunt)
Authors: Sunarya Yaya , Sumarsih Enok 
Published: March 2018

The objective of the research was to study the interaction between soil moisture content and animal manure application on the growth of Mendong (Fimbristylis globulosa (Retz.) Kunt). The experiment was conducted in May until September 2016 in Kampung Lembur Sawah, Kamulyan Village, Manonjaya Subdistrict, Tasikmalaya Regency. A pot experiment was performed using a factorial design consisting of two factors and three replicates. The factors were soil moisture content (K) consisting of four levels i.e. k1 (100% field capacity (FC)), k2 (150% FC), k3 (200% FC), and k4 (250% FC); and animal manure application (P) consisting of p1 (cattle manure), p2 (broiler chicken manure), and p3 (sheep manure). The indicators of plant growth, i.e. plant height, number of tiller, fresh weight and dry weight of plant biomass, shoot/root ratio, percentage of the >75cm-long stems, water consumption, and water use efficiency (WUE) were measured. The results showed that there was an interaction effect between the soil moisture content and animal manure application on the number of tiller at 45 days after planting (DAP), the percentage of the >75 cm-long stems, and the water consumption. The sheep manure application at any levels of soil moisture content resulted in better effect on the growth of Mendong, water use efficiency, and quality of stem (the percentage of the >75cm-long stems). The soil moisture content above the field capacity resulted in better effect on the growth of Mendong, indicating that Mendong is more suitable to grow on the land with the soil moisture content above the field capacity or saturated soil during the whole growing period. Keywords: Manure, Mendong, soil moisture content
Utilization of Coal Bottom Ash and Cattle Manure as Soil Ameliorant on Acid Soil and Its Effect on Heavy Metal Content in Mustard (Brassica juncea)
Authors: Agustini Rika Yayu , Iskandar Iskandar , Sudarsono Sudarsono , Jaswadi Jaswadi , Wahdaniyah Gusti 
Published: March 2018

Coal bottom ash and cattle manure can be used as soil ameliorant. The application of coal bottom ash and cattle manure can improve the soil chemical properties, such as pH and the amounts of available nutrients in soil. The objective of the study was to understand the effect of coal bottom ash and cow manure application on soil chemical properties and heavy metal contents in soil and mustard (Brassica juncea). A pot experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, including three treatment factors, i.e. age of coal bottom ash (fresh, 4 months and 2 years), dose of coal bottom ash, i.e. 0, 40 and 80 Mg ha-1, and dose of cattle manure, i.e. 0 and 10 Mg ha-1. The results show that the application of coal bottom ash and cattle manure increased the pH and the amounts of total-N, available-P and exchangeable cations (K, Ca and Mg) of the soil. The application of coal bottom ash increased the amounts of Pb, Cd and Co in the soil, but did not increase the amounts of Pb and Co in mustard, while the application of cattle manure increased the amount of Cd both in soil and mustard. Keywords: Coal bottom ash, cattle manure, heavy metal, mustard, soil ameliorant
Loss of Soil Organic Matter, Lignocellulose and Microbial Population in Oil Palm Plantations Located at Different Slopes
Authors: Dewi Rika Andriati Sukma , Indriyati Lilik Tri , Sahari Bandung , Sabiham Supiandi 
Published: March 2018

Loss of soil organic matter can be caused by erosion triggered by soil compaction and high rainfall. The aims of the study were to determine (1) the loss of soil organic matter, lignocellulose, and soil microbial population due to erosion and (2) the contribution of organic matter from oil palm fronds. In the current study, the erosion plots were built on the accessible inter-row (gawangan hidup) and inaccessible inter-row (gawangan mati) of oil palm plantations located at the slope of 6-10% and >10%. Soil organic matter, lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose contents and total soil microbial populations were measured in the sediments collected from the erosion plots. The results showed that the loss of organic matter was higher in the accessible inter-row than that in the inaccessible inter-row. The addition of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose from oil palm fronds into the soil are 2.06 Mg ha-1 yr-1, 1.13 Mg ha-1 yr-1 and 1.02 Mg ha-1 yr-1, respectively. Total bacterial population in the sediments taken from the accessible inter-row was higher than that from the inaccessible inter-row, while the total fungal population in the sediments from the inaccessible inter-row was higher than that from the accessible inter-row.
Population and Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi in the Rhizosphere of Kasetsart Cassava Clone Grown on Two Different Locations
Authors: Rini Maria Viva , Sitio Selly Novita Sari , Hidayat Kuswanta Futas 
Published: March 2018

Population and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) are varied in the soil and influenced by biotic factors such as host plant and abiotic factors such as soil fertility, soil moisture, pH, temperature, etc. This study aimed to determine the population, diversity, and the dominant type of AMF in the rhizosphere of Kasetsart cassava clones obtained from LampungTimur and Tulang Bawang Barat Regencies, Lampung Province, Indonesia. Population of AMF was counted directly from the rhizosphere of Kasetsart cassava clones and the diversity of AMF was assesed using a pot culture experiment. The results showed that the population and the diversity of AMF in the rhizosphere of Kasetsart clone obtained from Tulang Bawang Barat was higher than that from LampungTimur. The predominant type of AMF found in the pot culture using soil samples from Lampung Timur was spore with S2 code that belongs to the genus Gigaspora and S4 code that belongs to the genus Glomus. On the other hand, the type of AMF found in the rhizosphere of soil samples from Tulang Bawang Barat was dominated by spore with S9 code that belongs to the genus Entrophospora.
From Legal Imposition to Legal Invitation
Authors: Voermans Wim J.M. 
Published: March 2018

From Legal Imposition to Legal Invitation: From Transplants to Mutual Learning, Benchmarks and Best-Practice-Inspiration
Ever since Alan Watson published his thought-provoking book on legal transplant, legal scholars seem to have imported their own ‘do-institutions-matter’ debate. Strong positions have been taken in the debate on the possibility of legal transplants. Some deem context-free legal transplants impossible or at least unwarranted, whereas others rally for a more liberal stance. Bob and Ann Seidman were always working at the heart of this most topical, scholarly debate – one of the most interesting debates on the crossroads of law and (political) societies in our age of globalization. This article tries to get at the heart of the debate on legal transplants, which is rooted in the immediate wake of decolonization and the ideological strife during the Cold War. Since then the world has changed dramatically. We now live in the age of globalization and possibilities for mass communication, information sharing and cooperation in ways unfathomable 40 years ago. This has undoubtedly had an impact on how jurisdictions learn and borrow legal concepts, rules and solutions from one another. Have these new developments and experiences outdated the legal-transplant debate or is it still relevant? The article argues that Bob and Ann Seidman’s position in the debate is still very relevant for present-day practices of legal borrowing and legal transplants. Key to this is their notion of contextual legal-legitimacy.
Implementing Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development in Africa
Authors: Bakibinga-Gaswaga Elizabeth 
Published: March 2018

Implementing Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development in Africa: Is It Time to Shift the Paradigm on Law and Development?
This article discusses the relevance of Law and Development theories to the successful implementation or attainment of goals set out in Agenda 2030 in Africa. It zeros in on Sustainable Development Goal 16 and the role of rule of law to development. This article focuses on the work of the Law and Development movement and highlights the contribution of Prof. Robert Seidman to law and development for decades in newly independent African states. It examines the application of the Institutionalist Legislative Theory and Methodology, including the strengths and flaws, and makes recommendations on relevant lessons for rule of law practitioners, especially in terms of developing institutions and legal frameworks, promoting law and development research and building capacity through legal education. While this article does not provide recommendations on the best law and development model or theory, it raises some pertinent issues and makes practical recommendations on the way forward in the short to medium term.
Een internationale vergelijking van wetgevingstechnische aanwijzingen
Authors: Stip M.J.C. 
Published: March 2018

Een internationale vergelijking van wetgevingstechnische aanwijzingen
In deze bijdrage staat een rechtsvergelijkend onderzoek naar wetgevingstechnische aanwijzingen van Nederland, Duitsland, Zwitserland, het Verenigd Koninkrijk, de Europese Unie, Canada en de Canadese provincie Brits-Columbia centraal. Hierbij wordt de vraag gesteld in hoeverre er overeenkomsten en verschillen zijn tussen de Nederlandse Aanwijzingen voor de regelgeving en de equivalenten daarvan van andere rechtsordes. Daartoe wordt allereerst beschreven welke instrumenten in de verschillende rechtsordes worden gebruikt, welke doelen daarmee worden nagestreefd, hoe de instrumenten zijn opgebouwd en de bindende kracht die van het instrument uitgaat. Daarna worden de instrumenten op twee punten met elkaar vergeleken, te weten beknoptheid en het voorkomen van dubbelzinnigheid. In alle besproken instrumenten zijn dit nastrevenswaardige zaken, hoewel de wijze waarop dat gebeurt, verschilt. Ook de doelstellingen van de instrumenten zelf verschillen, hoewel de onderzochte wetgevingstechnische principes veel gelijkenissen vertonen.
De naleving van wetstechnische aanwijzingen bij ministeriële regelingen
Authors: Borman T.C. 
Published: March 2018

De naleving van wetstechnische aanwijzingen bij ministeriële regelingen
In deze bijdrage doet de auteur verslag van zijn onderzoek naar de wetstechnische kwaliteit van 28 ministeriële regelingen die in november en december 2017 in de Staatscourant verschenen. Bekeken is in hoeverre deze regelingen afwijkingen bevatten van de wetstechnische aanwijzingen uit de Aanwijzingen voor de regelgeving zoals die vóór 1 januari 2018 golden. Over het geheel genomen lijkt de wetstechnische kwaliteit van ministeriële regelingen te zijn verbeterd ten opzichte van de bevindingen uit eerdere onderzoeken uit 2002 en 2004. Het aantal onvolkomenheden is uiteindelijk immers tamelijk gering en geringer dan bij de eerdere onderzoeken. Nog steeds zijn er echter tamelijk veel onvolkomenheden in het opschrift en het slotformulier. Ook de terminologie ‘bedoeld’ en ‘als bedoeld’ en bijlagen verdienen de aandacht. Opvallend is verder dat de verplichting om in de toelichting melding te maken van het afwijken van de vaste verandermomenten of van de minimuminvoeringstermijn vaak niet wordt nageleefd.
Axiological aspects of movement activity
Authors: Zdebska-Biziewska Halina 
Published: March 2018

The physical culture (named commonly sport) constitutes a domain of many heterogeneous values. The health
values play one of the most important role among them. They are especially exposed to all their spheres like physical
education, recreation, professional sport, physiotherapy. The health values constitute the strongest argument
in promotion of physical activity. Is it really suffi cient reason for intensifi cation of youth’s self-activity or it should
rather be more effective to reach ludic and hedonistic values as a better working tool for movement promotion?
The aim of this paper is an answer to the question based on synthetic axiological analysis of movement activity.
The author analysed chosen Polish publicationsin the field of philosophy and philosophy of sport confronted with
opinions of students from the secondary school on attractiveness of physical education lessons. The axiological
method has been used in this study. The basic research technique was the analysis of content.
Effects of Co‐occurring marijuana use and anxiety on brain structure and functioning: A systematic review of adolescent studies
Authors: Cancilliere Mary Kathryn , Yusufov Miryam , Weyandt Lisa 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTThe prevalence of marijuana use among adolescents with anxiety disorders in the USA is markedly high and well documented; however, the literature on this co‐occurrence's effect on adolescent brain development and functioning is limited. This systematic review searched six databases to 1) explore the literature concerning marijuana use among adolescents with anxiety and 2) examine the effects of marijuana on brain structure and functioning. Overall, 27 studies from six countries were included in this review. Out of these studies, several disparate designs were utilized. The majority of studies revealed an association between marijuana use and anxiety, but the strength of the association and the variability among the studies' designs limited the comparison and warrants additional investigation. Only five studies met criteria that used brain‐imaging techniques, and findings were non‐conclusive. Future evaluations should further investigate the effects of co‐occurring marijuana use and anxiety disorders on brain structure and functioning among adolescents.
Mixing for suspension flows over skew-translations and time-changes of quasi-abelian filiform nilflows
Authors: RAVOTTI DAVIDE 
Published: March 2018

We consider suspension flows over uniquely ergodic skew-translations on a $d$-dimensional torus $\mathbb{T}^{d}$ for $d\geq 2$. We prove that there exists a set $\mathscr{R}$ of smooth functions, which is dense in the space $\mathscr{C}(\mathbb{T}^{d})$ of continuous functions, such that every roof function in $\mathscr{R}$ which is not cohomologous to a constant induces a mixing suspension flow. We also construct a dense set of mixing examples which is explicitly described in terms of their Fourier coefficients. In the language of nilflows on nilmanifolds, our result implies that, for every uniquely ergodic nilflow on a quasi-abelian filiform nilmanifold, there exists a dense subspace of smooth time-changes in which mixing occurs if and only if the time-change is not cohomologous to a constant. This generalizes a theorem by Avila, Forni and Ulcigrai [Mixing for time-changes of Heisenberg nilflows. J. Differential Geom.89(3) (2011), 369–410] for the classical Heisenberg group.