bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental and numerical analysis on the cutting force, cutting temperature, and tool wear of alloy steel (4340) during turning process
Authors: Veerappan G. , Logesh Kamaraj , Chaturvedi Rishabh , Ravichandran Manickam , Mohanavel Vinayagam , Hossain Ismail , Kannan Sathish , Alotaibi Majed A. , Seikh Asiful H. 
Published: November 2024

This paper focuses primarily on the wear behavior observed in AISI4340 steel when machining with a multi-layered coated carbide tool. Numerical and experimental examination is processed out to predict the wear performance of AISI 4340 steel along with its cutting force and temperature. In this process, four layers of different coated material are bonded together to form a multi-layered coated carbide tool. The coated thickness is assessed with the assistance of a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Experimental analysis takes place with a heavy duty lathe machine equipped with an infrared thermometer and force dynamometer. Simulation is performed using DEFORM-2D software to simulate cutting forces and interface temperature, and the output results obtained have been compared with the experimental work. With the help of the SEM image, maximum crater wear depth is evaluated and analyzed. Feed plays a crucial role in increasing the chip interface temperature and cutting force. For varied feed rates, the cutting tool edge radius, depth of cut, and cutting speed are taken as the input parameters. The proposed 2D finite element model provides effective parameter values for reducing wear. Results measured indicate that the output parameter values of interface temperature and cutting force obtained from simulation and experimental investigation match each other with high accuracy. Simulation results for temperature distribution around the tool tip show that a maximum temperature of 654 °C is formed at the feed rate of 0.4 mm/rev, leading to high heat flux. For the feed rate of 0.3 and 0.2 mm/rev, there is not much deviation in heat flux around the tool tip. The maximum temperature around the tool tip is near 527 °C for both 0.3 and 0.2 mm/rev. Simulation results show that the lowest tool wear of 0.001 23 mm was obtained for a feed rate of 0.2 mm/rev, followed by 0.004 25 (0.1 mm/rev), 0.005 09 mm (0.4 mm/rev), and 0.007 14 mm/rev.
Analysis of the decay process of the radiation dose rate using open data on the Internet
Authors: Nishiwaki Yoichi , Takashige Masaaki 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We report on an example of teaching material for analyzing the decay process of the radiation dose rate without using actual radioactive materials. Radiation dose rate data related to the 2011 Fukushima nuclear power plant accident has been obtained from monitoring posts across Japan and is publicly available on the Internet. Changes in radiation dose rates over 10 years can be analyzed using the least squares method on theoretical curves using Microsoft Excel. We explore the educational potential of this open data as a tool for instructors who teach physics experiments as part of introductory education in university science and engineering departments. This teaching material using open data is a much less time-consuming and inexpensive way to learn about the decay process of the radiation dose rate while ensuring safety. The analysis results could provide students with a wide range of topics for discussion that include the connection between data and real-world problems, and between environmental and energy issues.
Array hollow-anode microsecond-pulsed plasma jets at atmospheric pressure: mode transition and influencing factors
Authors: Chen Bohan , Liu Zhijie , Zhang Mingyan , Zhang Zekai , Guo Hezhi , Li Xin , Pang Bolun , Gao Yuting 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Hollow cathode plasma jets are commonly utilized across various fields, yet there is limited research on hollow anode discharge, particularly on array hollow anode plasma jets. This letter presents the novel design of a array hollow anode discharge device excited by microsecond pulse. Systematical investigations about the discharge characteristics and mode transition process of the device are examined from the perspectives of electricity and space-time distribution to get insights into the formation mechanisms of array hollow anode plasma jets. Results show that three distinct discharge modes when the array hollow anode plasma jets interacting with ITO plate are identified based on the number and location of the discharged hollow anodes: Mode A involves all 16 hollow anodes discharging, Mode B entails 12 hollow anodes discharging, and Mode C comprises 4 hollow anodes discharging at the four vertices of the device. It is observed that experimental outcomes are influenced by the distance from the hollow anode tube port to the plate. The formation mechanism is determined by an increase in distance impacting spatial electric field distribution and facilitating mode transition. Furthermore, the impacts of pulse voltage, pulse frequency, and flow rate on the variation of interval length under different modes are investigated. The results indicate that voltage has the most significant effect on interval length, followed by frequency, while flow rate has a minimal effect. These findings hold significant implications for enhancing understanding of mode transition and influencing factors of array hollow anode plasma jets.
3D-simulation design of a high current capacity GaN tri-gate power device with integrated parasitic bipolar junction
Authors: Song Chuan , Yang Wen , Jiang Huaxing , Li Bin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this work, a novel high current capability gallium nitride (GaN) tri-gate power device with an integrated parasitic bipolar junction transistor (BJT) is proposed to enhance its static electrical characteristics. The device’s electrical characteristics are thoroughly studied and analyzed using 3D technology computer-aided design simulation tools. The two-dimensional electron gas channel is effectively pinched off in the off-state due to the depletion region induced by side-gate metals and parasitic BJT, resulting in a positive threshold voltage (V
TH) and enhanced mode (E-mode) operation. The parasitic BJT provides an additional conductive channel in the on-state, significantly improving the output current capability. Compared with the conventional tri-gate (C-Trigate) device, the proposed high current capability GaN trigate (HC-Trigate) device boosts saturation output current by nearly a factor of three under identical conditions, reaching 1,761 mA mm−1. The 3D simulation shows the proposed GaN HC-Trigate power device features a positive V
TH of 1.1 V, a low specific on-resistance (R
on,sp) of 0.18 mΩ*cm2 at breakdown voltage of 760 V, and the Baliga’s figure of merit of 3.21 GW cm−2. Furthermore, the GaN HC-Trigate power device exhibits superior thermal performance and switching characteristics, indicating its great potential for power electronics applications.
Wave propagation in functionally graded piezoelectric sandwich nanoplates based on nonlocal strain gradient theory incorporating surface effects
Authors: Wang Jie , Liu Juan , Hu Biao , Zhang Bo , Wang Xinte , Wang Yuxing , Wang Jing 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this study, wave propagation characteristics in functionally graded (FG) piezoelectric sandwich nanoplates under electro-thermal loading are investigated. The sandwich nanoplates comprise piezoelectric layers, with a FG layer in the middle. The nanoplates are deposited on a viscoelastic foundation, and the effective material parameters of the FG interlayers are determined using the Mori-Tanaka homogenization model. To specifically examine the influence of surface effect (SE) and scale effect, governing equations are derived from the unified shear deformation theory and Hamilton’s principle, incorporating the theoretical frameworks of surface piezoelectricity theory and nonlocal strain gradient theory. Thereafter, the characteristic equations are analytically solved to obtain numerical effects of wave dispersion relations. The effects of various parameters, such as surface parameters, scale parameters, viscoelastic parameters, and external loads on the wave propagation characteristics are investigated in detail. The piezoelectric SE is related to the scale parameters. Surface density decreased the frequency, and the degree of influence of both surface piezoelectric parameters and residual stress on the frequency decreased rapidly with the increase in the thickness of the piezoelectric layer.
Design and experimental verification of programmable metastructures based on constant force cells
Authors: Zhong Jianhua , Li Jin , Ding Bingxiao , Chen Shih-Chi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Mechanical metastructures consisting of periodic cells with adjustable output force charactersitics and ranges have received increasing attention in recent years owing to its unique capability to tune mechanical properties such as stiffness and Poisson’s ratio etc. In this paper, we present the design, simulation, and experimental characterization of a mechanical metastructure that realizes customized constant force output. The metastructure consists of periodic constant force units that are formed by combining a positive and negative stiffness element. Notably, the force unit also contains a unique flexure design with solid and hollow pins to reduce the lateral stress by 50%, which allows for precise control of the output force. By using a programmable design method, the force unit forms 2D and 3D metastructures via parallel and tendem stacking. Simulations were performed to optimize the design and predict the device performance. Finally, experiments were devised and performed to verify the simulation results of the metastructures. The promising results warrant the wide application of the new mechanical metastructure as well as the programmable design method, such as low-pass mechanical filters, noise and vibration cancellation devices etc.
Dynamic damage law and failure modes of layered coal-rock mass under impact loading
Authors: Li Feng , Wang Bo , Sun Xuan , Xu Bo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Up to now, most of the structural dynamic analysis is based on the Lagrange system, while the Hamilton system is composed of the phase space composed of the generalized displacement and stress, showing a wonderful symmetry, which opens up a new way for the theoretical research and calculation of dynamics. The physical model of the layered combined coal-rock is constructed by dividing the ‘outburst center’ coal in front of the heading face into the combined layered structure. Based on Hamilton mechanics, the Hamilton canonical equation under symplectic geometry structure is established, combined with Hamilton variational principle and symplectic time subdomain method, the multi-layer symplectic element control equation of coal-rock is established, and the dynamic displacement and stress transfer characteristics at any time can be solved by iterative calculation. The action modes of axial torsional stress, radial principal stress and shear stress of layered coal- rock under impact loading are determined, and the weak layer and interlayer stress transfer dynamic response behavior of layered coal- rock under complex stress conditions are determined. The conclusions are as follows: ①Under static loading, the layered shear stress circle provides the initial condition of damage failure, impact loading acts as an exciting force to trigger the torsion effect, forming the ‘ X ’ -shaped shear line in the radial and axial directions of the interlayer interface, and the boundary produces the ‘ V ’ -shaped dynamic spalling surface. ②The short axis is damaged before the long axis, and the central node is the starting point of instability. The main cracks are formed along the long and short axis respectively, and finally the ‘ O-+ ’ failure mode is formed, which verifies the prominent axial and radial spallation phenomenon. This method avoids the non-conservation of system energy caused by energy dissipation, and will become an effective method to study the dynamic mechanical properties and damage evolution path of coal-rock. It has guiding and reference significance for the theoretical research and prevention technology of coal and rock dynamic disasters.
Effect of DM Interaction in the charging process of a Heisenberg spin chain quantum battery
Authors: K Sanah Rahman , Murugesh S 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We investigate the charging performance of an anisotropic XYZ model of Heisenberg Spin Chain Quantum Battery (HS QB) along with different components of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction (DMI) for three cases - short range, long range and infinite range interactions. We find that the presence of DMI enhances the charging power and total stored energy of the QB considered here, when compared to HS QB in most of the cases, by considering both local and collective charging protocols. The maximum stored energy increases linearly with the number of spins (N). An extensive scaling of maximum charging power with the number of spins is obtained in which the maximum power approaches a scaling exponent α = 1.846 for collective charging of the model consisting of Heisenberg spin chain with Y component of DMI under infinite range interactions. Finally, we optimize the performance of the battery by measuring the quantum energy fluctuations with in the system.
Optical coherence tomography image despeckling based on saliency enhancement and high-order singular value Marchenko-Pastur truncation
Authors: Chen Huaiguang , Wei Wenyu , Zhang Yan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a high-resolution imaging technique extensively used in various fields, including medical diagnosis. The presence of speckle noise significantly degrades the quality of OCT images. To address this, a novel denoising approach based on High-Order Singular Value Decomposition (HOSVD), along with saliency enhancement and Marchenko-Pastur (MP) truncation, has been proposed. Initially, the method leverages the weighted absolute distance based on variance and information entropy to locate non-local patches that are highly correlated with a given reference block. Following this, a three-dimensional tensor is decomposed via HOSVD and then contracted based on the principles from the MP theorem in random matrix theory. An iterative regularization technique, coupled with a saliency enhancement strategy, is also employed to improve the denoising performance. Experimental results show that the method is comparable to existing advanced denoising algorithms in terms of reducing speckle noise and preserving image details.
On marginals and profiled posteriors for cosmological parameter estimation
Authors: Kerscher Martin , Weller Jochen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
With several examples and in an analysis of the Pantheon+ supernova
sample we discuss the properties of the marginal posterior distribution
versus the profiled posterior distribution — the profile likelihood in a
Bayesian disguise.
We investigate whether maximisation, as used for the profiling, or
integration, as used for the marginalisation, is more appropriate.
To report results we recommend the marginal posterior distribution.
Dynamic partition of urban network considering congestion evolution based on random walk
Authors: Feng 冯 Zhen-Tong 振通 , Zhang 张 Lele 乐乐 , Wu 吴 Yong-Hong 永洪 , Hu 胡 Mao-Bin 茂彬 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The successful application of perimeter control of urban traffic system strongly depends on the macroscopic fundamental diagram of the targeted region. Despite intensive studies on the partitioning of urban road networks, the dynamic partitioning of urban regions reflecting the propagation of congestion remains an open question. This paper proposes to partition the network into homogeneous sub-regions based on random walk algorithm. Starting from selected random walkers, the road network is partitioned from the early morning when congestion emerges. A modified Akaike information criterion is defined to find the optimal number of partitions. Region boundary adjustment algorithms are adopted to optimize the partitioning results to further ensure the correlation of partitions. The traffic data of Melbourne city are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed partitioning method.
SSVEP modulation via non-volitional neurofeedback: an in silico proof of concept
Authors: Estiveira João , Soares Ernesto , Pires Gabriel , Nunes Urbano J , Sousa Teresa , Ribeiro Sidarta , Castelo-Branco Miguel 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective. Neuronal oscillatory patterns are believed to underpin multiple cognitive mechanisms. Accordingly, compromised oscillatory dynamics were shown to be associated with neuropsychiatric conditions. Therefore, the possibility of modulating, or controlling, oscillatory components of brain activity as a therapeutic approach has emerged. Typical non-invasive brain–computer interfaces based on EEG have been used to decode volitional motor brain signals for interaction with external devices. Here we aimed at feedback through visual stimulation which returns directly back to the visual cortex. Approach. Our architecture permits the implementation of feedback control-loops capable of controlling, or at least modulating, visual cortical activity. As this type of neurofeedback depends on early visual cortical activity, mainly driven by external stimulation it is called non-volitional or implicit neurofeedback. Because retino-cortical 40–100 ms delays in the feedback loop severely degrade controller performance, we implemented a predictive control system, called a Smith-Predictor (SP) controller, which compensates for fixed delays in the control loop by building an internal model of the system to be controlled, in this case the EEG response to stimuli in the visual cortex. Main results. Response models were obtained by analyzing, EEG data (n = 8) of experiments using periodically inverting stimuli causing prominent parieto-occipital oscillations, the steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs). Averaged subject-specific SSVEPs, and associated retina-cortical delays, were subsequently used to obtain the SP controller’s linear, time-invariant models of individual responses. The SSVEP models were first successfully validated against the experimental data. When placed in closed loop with the designed SP controller configuration, the SSVEP amplitude level oscillated around several reference values, accounting for inter-individual variability. Significance. In silico and in vivo data matched, suggesting model’s robustness, paving the way for the experimental validation of this non-volitional neurofeedback system to control the amplitude of abnormal brain oscillations in autism and attention and hyperactivity deficits.
Attention demands modulate brain electrical microstates and mental fatigue induced by simulated flight tasks
Authors: Han Mingxiu , Wang Yuwen , Liu Xinyi , Cheng Xiangxin , Niu Haijun , Liu Tao 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective. Prolonged engagement in tasks with varying attention demands is thought to elicit distinct forms of mental fatigue, potentially indicating variations in neural activity. This study aimed to investigate the association between mental fatigue and changes in electroencephalogram microstate dynamics during tasks with varying attention demands. Approach. In the present study, we employed a 2 × 2 repeated measures ANOVA to analyze the temporal parameters of four distinct microstates (A, B, C, and D) across different levels of attention demands (high vs. low) and mental fatigue (high vs. low) within a controlled flight simulation task involving 17 college students. Main results. Significant variations in mean durations were observed, with microstates A and B exhibiting shorter durations under high fatigue during low attention demands, while their durations increased under high attention demands. Microstate C showed increased occurrences with high fatigue under low attention demands and decreased occurrences under high attention demands. The duration and occurrence of the microstates exhibited different trends throughout the course of mental fatigue, potentially reflecting distinct fatigue-related processes. Significance. These findings establish a link between different types of mental fatigue and microstate dynamics, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of the neural processing mechanisms underlying mental fatigue.
Assessing the impact of alpha particles on thermal confinement in JET D-T plasmas through global GENE-Tango simulations
Authors: Di Siena A. , Garcia J. , Bilato R. , Kirov K. , Varela J. , Bañón Navarro A. , Kim Hyun-Tae , Challis C. , Hobirk J. , Kappatou A. , Lerche E. , Spong D. , Angioni C. , Görler T. , Poli E. , Bergmann M. , Jenko F. ,   JET contributors
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The capability of the global, electromagnetic gyrokinetic GENE code interfaced with the transport Tango solver is exploited to address the impact of fusion alpha particles (in their dual role of fast particles and heating source) on plasma profiles and performance at JET in the discharges with the highest quasi-stationary peak fusion power during the DTE2 experimental campaigns. Employing radially global nonlinear electromagnetic GENE-Tango simulations, we compare results with/without alpha particles and alpha heating. Our findings reveal that alpha particles have a negligible impact on turbulent transport, with GENE-Tango converging to similar plasma profiles regardless of their inclusion as a kinetic species in GENE. On the other hand, alpha heating is found to contribute to the peaking of the electron temperature profiles, leading to a 1 keV drop on the on-axis electron temperature when alpha heating is neglected in Tango. The minimal impact of alpha particles on turbulent transport in this JET discharge–despite this being the shot with the highest fusion output–is attributed to the low content of fusion alpha in this discharge. To assess the potential impact of alpha particles on turbulent transport in regimes with higher alpha particle density, as expected in ITER and fusion reactors, we artificially increased the alpha particle concentration to levels expected for ITER. By performing global nonlinear GENE standalone simulations, we found that increasing the alpha particle density beyond five times the nominal value lead to significant overall turbulence destabilization. These results demonstrate that an increased alpha particle concentration can significantly impact transport properties under simulated JET experimental conditions. However, these findings cannot be directly extrapolated to ITER due to the substantial differences in parameters such as plasma size, magnetic field, plasma current, and thermal pressure.
High-Temperature Chip-Scale Atomic Clock
Authors: Ha Li-Chung , Noble Jay , Newell Bruce , Lutwak Robert 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We present the development of alkali-alloy-based vapor cells for operating a cesium-based Chip-Scale Atomic Clock (CSAC) at environmental temperatures up to 105 °C. Leveraging Raoult’s Law for a mixture of potassium and cesium metal, we have demonstrated vapor pressure suppression equivalent to 25 °C, allowing a CSAC to operate at higher temperatures with minimal degradation of performance or power consumption.