bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of (k,t) sampling on DCE MRI tracer kinetic parameter estimation in digital reference objects
Authors: Bliesener Yannick , Lingala Sajan G. , Haldar Justin P. , Nayak Krishna S. 
Published: October 2019

PurposeTo evaluate the impact of (k,t) data sampling on the variance of tracer‐kinetic parameter (TK) estimation in high‐resolution whole‐brain dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) using digital reference objects. We study this in the context of TK model constraints, and in the absence of other constraints.MethodsThree anatomically and physiologically realistic brain‐tumor digital reference objects were generated. Data sampling strategies included uniform and variable density; zone‐based, lattice, pseudo‐random, and pseudo‐radial; with 50‐time frames and 4‐fold to 25‐fold undersampling. In all cases, we assume a fully sampled first time frame, and prior knowledge of the arterial input function. TK parameters were estimated by indirect estimation (i.e., image‐time‐series reconstruction followed by model fitting), and direct estimation from the under‐sampled data. We evaluated methods based on the Cramér‐Rao bound and Monte‐Carlo simulations, over the range of signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) seen in clinical brain DCE‐MRI.ResultsLattice‐based sampling provided the lowest SDs, followed by pseudo‐random, pseudo‐radial, and zone‐based. This ranking was consistent for the Patlak and extended Tofts model. Pseudo‐random sampling resulted in 19% higher averaged SD compared to lattice‐based sampling. Zone‐based sampling resulted in substantially higher SD at undersampling factors above 10. CRB analysis showed only a small difference between uniform and variable density for both lattice‐based and pseudo‐random sampling up to undersampling factors of 25.ConclusionLattice sampling provided the lowest SDs, although the differences between sampling schemes were not substantial at low undersampling factors. The differences between lattice‐based and pseudo‐random sampling strategies with both uniform and variable density were within the range of error induced by other sources, at up to 25‐fold undersampling.
Polymers and cyclic compounds based on a side‐opening type cage silsesquioxane
Authors: Imoto Hiroaki , Sato Yuri , Naka Kensuke 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTPolymers having polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) in the main chains are an important class of organic–inorganic hybrid materials. Despite the increasing attention to the POSS polymers, variation of the monomers is still limited. Herein, we have proposed side‐opening POSS (SO‐POSS) monomers. Platinum‐catalyzed hydrosilylation polymerization proceeded to produce polysiloxanes having SO‐POSS in the main chains. The obtained polysiloxanes showed good solubility, high thermal stability, high transparency, and tunable reflective index. In addition, cyclic compounds were obtained during the investigation of the polymerization, and were synthesized with high selectivity under the slightly diluted conditions. The obtained cyclic compounds showed high thermal stability due to the silsesquioxane backbone, and the high dispersibility as a filler in poly(methyl methacrylate) was demonstrated. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 2243–2250
A highly diverse bivalve fauna from a Bithynian (Anisian, Middle Triassic) Tubiphytes‐microbial buildup in North Dobrogea (Romania)
Authors: Friesenbichler Evelyn , Hautmann Michael , Grădinaru Eugen , Bucher Hugo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper describes a rich bivalve fauna from the Tubiphytes‐Limestone Member (Bithynian, early middle Anisian) of the Caerace Formation in North Dobrogea (Romania). We report 51 bivalve species, including 7 new species and 2 new genera: Atrina multicostata sp. nov., Pinna simionescui sp. nov., Chlamys (Praechlamys) prima sp. nov., Entolium reticulatum sp. nov., Scythentolium anisicum sp. nov., Romaniamya mahmudiaensis gen. et sp. nov. and Praedicerocardium vetulus gen. et sp. nov. The latter taxon represents the oldest Triassic megalodontoid. We provide detailed descriptions of the bivalve fauna, discuss the ecology and compare species richness in the Early and Middle Triassic, showing that the bivalve assemblage of North Dobrogea is much more diverse than all previously described Early Triassic bivalve faunas, but not as rich as several faunas from the late Anisian and Ladinian. The relative richness of the Dobrogea fauna with respect to geologically older and younger faunas suggests that it represents an early stage of the main rediversification of bivalves after the end‐Permian mass extinction.
Do victims of crime trust less but participate more in social organizations?
Authors: Pazzona Matteo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe explore how crime victimization affects two of the main dimensions of social capital: trust and participation in social groups. Using a large database that includes many Latin American countries, we find that victimization lowers trust, especially in other people and the police. However, participation in social groups is increased as a result of this event. These findings suggest that the net effect of victimization on social capital is miscalculated unless all of its dimensions are taken into account.
Capturing the patient voice: implementing patient-reported outcomes across the health system
Authors: Austin Elizabeth , LeRouge Cynthia , Hartzler Andrea L. , Segal Courtney , Lavallee Danielle C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Purpose
Supporting the capture and use of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) at the point-of-care enriches information about important clinical and quality of life outcomes. Yet the ability to scale PROs across healthcare systems has been limited by knowledge gaps around how to manage the diversity of PRO uses and leverage health information technology. In this study, we report learnings and practice insights from UW Medicine’s practice transformation efforts to incorporate patient voice into multiple areas of care.

Methods
Using a participatory, action research approach, we engaged with UW Medicine clinical and administrative stakeholders experienced with PRO implementation to inventory PRO implementations across the health system, characterize common clinical uses for PROs, and develop recommendations for system-wide governance and implementation of PROs.

Results
We identified a wide breadth of PRO implementations (n = 14) in practice and found that nearly half (47%) of employed PRO measures captured shared clinical domains (e.g., depression). We developed three vignettes (use cases) that illustrate how users interact with PROs, characterize common ways PRO implementations support clinical care across the health system (1) Preventive care, (2) Chronic/Specialty care, and (3) Surgical/Interventional care), and elucidate opportunities to enhance efficient PRO implementations through system-level standards and governance.

Conclusions
Practice transformation efforts increasingly require integration of the patient voice into clinical care, often through the use of PROs. Learnings from our work highlight the importance of proactively considering how PROs will be used across the layers of healthcare organizations to optimize the design and governance of PROs.
Random Neural Networks with Hierarchical Committees for Improved Routing in Wireless Mesh Networks with Interference
Authors: Rataj Artur 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe propose a hierarchical (nested) variant of a recurrent random neural network (RNN) with reinforced learning, introduced by Gelenbe. Each neuron (committee) in a top-level RNN represents a different bottom-level RNN (or sub-committee). The bottom-level RNNs choose the best routing and the top-level RNN chooses the currently best bottom-level RNN. Each of the bottom RNNs is trained in a different way. When they differ in their choice of the best path, several cognitive packets are routed according to the different decisions. In that case, a respective ACK packet trains individual bottom RNNs and not all bottom RNNs at once. An example presents an optimisation of a real-time routing in a dense mesh network of wireless sensors relaying small metering messages between each other, until the messages reach a common gateway. The network is experiencing a periodic electromagnetic interference. The hierarchical variant causes a small increase in the number of smart packets but allows a considerably better routing quality.
The role of recombinant Human erythropoietin in neonatal anemia
Authors: El-Lahony Dalia M. , Saleh Nagwan Y. , Habib Mona S. , Shehata Mohammed A. , El-Hawy Mahmoud A. 
Published: October 2019

Aim:
To estimate the blood level of Erythropoietin(EPO) in neonates with anemia of prematurity (APO) and in late hypo-regenerative anemia and to clarify role of EPO in correction of anemia and reducing the number of blood transfusions.

Methods:
This study was carried out on 60 neonates divided into; group I (30 preterm neonates) with AOP received EPO (250 IU/kg/dose subcutaneously 3 times weekly for 4 weeks), compared to group II (30 neonates) with AOP treated only with blood transfusion. CBC parameters and transfusion requirements were followed during therapy. Serum level of EPO was measured by ELISA technique.

Results:
By the end of the 4th week of therapy, there was significant increase in group I post r-Hu EPO compared to group II regarding reticulocyte counts (P < 0.001) leading to rise of the Hb (P < 0.001), Hct levels (P < 0.001) with subsequent reduction in the overall number of blood transfusions (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
EPO therapy in conjunction with iron, vitamin E and folic acid, stimulated erythropoiesis and significantly reduced the need for blood transfusion in AOP.
Investigation of a Confined C‐Class Flare in an Arch Filament System Close to a Regular Sunspot
Authors: Louis Rohan Eugene 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA moderate C1.1 class confined flare is investigated here, which occurred on 24 September 2013 at 22:56 UT, in an arch filament system close to a regular, unipolar sunspot. Spectropolarimetric observations from the Tenerife Infrared Polarimeter at the 70‐cm German Vacuum Tower Telescope were combined with data from the Helioseismic Magnetic Imager and the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly to identify the processes that triggered the flare. The legs of this arch filament were anchored in the leading sunspot and the network flux region of opposite polarity. The flare was driven by small‐scale, flux cancellation at the weak neutral line underlying the arch filament, which resulted in two small flaring events within an hour of the C1.1 flare. Flux cancellation was facilitated by the moat flow from the leading sunspot wherein small‐scale magnetic fragments stream toward patches of preexisting flux. The cancellation of flux led to the destabilization of the arch filament, which was seen as an increase in the twist along the arch filament. The horizontal fields across the weak neutral line decay rapidly, which cannot prevent the filament from rising that results in a two‐ribbon flare at the neutral line. The arch filament unwinds as it rises but is confined by the higher, overlying fields between the two polarities of the active region that decay much more slowly.
Thermosphere‐Ionosphere Model Development: A Personal Perspective
Authors: Richmond A. D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis is a personal perspective of how some significant upper atmosphere model developments were carried out from the mid‐1960s to the early 1990s, including modeling of the ionospheric wind dynamo, equatorial electrojet, two‐ and three‐dimensional thermospheric dynamics, the disturbance dynamo, interactive thermosphere/ionosphere dynamics and electrodynamics, and mapping of high‐latitude electric fields and currents through data assimilation. Well‐tested models enable exploration and prediction of a large number of phenomena.
Burrow usage patterns and decision-making in meerkat groups
Authors: Strandburg-Peshkin Ariana , Clutton-Brock Tim , Manser Marta B 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Choosing suitable sleeping sites is a common challenge faced by animals across a range of taxa, with important implications for the space usage patterns of individuals, groups, and ultimately populations. A range of factors may affect these decisions, including access to resources nearby, shelter from the elements, safety from predators, territorial defense, and protection of offspring. We investigated the factors driving patterns of sleeping site use in wild Kalahari meerkats (Suricata suricatta), a cooperatively breeding, territorial mongoose species that forages on scattered resources and makes use of multiple sleeping sites (burrows). We found that meerkat groups used some burrows much more often than others. In particular, large burrows near the center of the territory were used more often than small and peripheral burrows, and groups became even more biased toward central burrows when rearing pups. Meerkats also used their sleeping burrows in a nonrandom order. When they changed sleeping burrows, they moved disproportionately to nearby burrows but did not always select the closest burrow. Burrow decisions also reflected responses to short-term conditions: rates of switching burrows increased after encounters with predators and when resources were depleted, whereas group splits were associated with a reduced probability of switching. The group’s dominant female appeared to have disproportionate influence over burrow decisions, as groups were more likely to switch burrows when her foraging success was low. Our results link behavioral and movement ecology to show that a multitude of environmental and social factors shape daily group decisions of where to spend the night.
Reported β-Lactam and Other Antibiotic Allergies in Solid Organ and Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients
Authors: Imlay Hannah , Krantz Elizabeth M , Stohs Erica J , Lan Kristine F , Zier Jacqlynn , Kim H Nina , Rakita Robert M , Limaye Ajit P , Wald Anna , Pergam Steven A , Liu Catherine 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Patients with reported β-lactam antibiotic allergies (BLAs) are more likely to receive broad-spectrum antibiotics and experience adverse outcomes. Data describing antibiotic allergies among solid organ transplant (SOT) and hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients are limited.

Methods
We reviewed records of adult SOT or allogeneic HCT recipients from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2017 to characterize reported antibiotic allergies at time of transplantation. Inpatient antibiotic use was examined for 100 days posttransplant. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) comparing antibiotic use in BLA and non-BLA groups were calculated using multivariable negative binomial models for 2 metrics: days of therapy (DOT) per 1000 inpatient days and percentage of antibiotic exposure-days.

Results
Among 2153 SOT (65%) and HCT (35%) recipients, 634 (29%) reported any antibiotic allergy and 347 (16%) reported BLAs. Inpatient antibiotics were administered to 2020 (94%) patients during the first 100 days posttransplantation; average antibiotic exposure was 41% of inpatient-days (interquartile range, 16.7%–62.5%). BLA patients had significantly higher DOT for vancomycin (IRR, 1.4 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.2–1.7]; P &lt; .001), clindamycin (IRR, 7.6 [95% CI, 2.2–32.4]; P = .001), and aztreonam in HCT (IRR, 9.7 [95% CI, 3.3–35.0]; P &lt; .001), and fluoroquinolones in SOT (IRR, 2.9 [95% CI, 2.1–4.0]; P &lt; .001); these findings were consistent when using percentage of antibiotic exposure-days.

Conclusions
Transplant recipients are frequently exposed to antibiotics and have a high prevalence of reported antibiotic allergies. Reported BLA was associated with greater use of β-lactam antibiotic alternatives. Pretransplant antibiotic allergy evaluation may optimize antibiotic use in this population.
Beneficial effect of left atrial appendage closure during cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis of 280 585 patients
Authors: Martín Gutiérrez Elio , Castaño Mario , Gualis Javier , Martínez-Comendador José Manuel , Maiorano Pasquale , Castillo Laura , Laguna Gregorio 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn non-rheumatic atrial fibrillation (AF), left atrial appendage (LAA) is thought to be the source of embolism in 90% of the strokes. Thus, as recent clinical trials have shown the non-inferiority of percutaneous LAA closure (LAAc) in comparison to medical treatment, and despite a IIb recommendation in the latest guidelines for concomitant surgical LAAc, we sought to investigate the beneficial effect of LAAc in the surgical population. A meta-analysis model was performed comparing studies including any cardiac surgery with or without concomitant surgical LAAc reporting stoke/embolic events and/or mortality, from inception to January 2019. Twenty-two studies (280 585 patients) were included in the model. Stroke/embolic events both in the perioperative period [relative risk (RR) 0.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.53–0.82; P = 0.0001] and during follow-up of >2 years (RR 0.67, 95% CI 0.51–0.89; P < 0.005) were significantly reduced in patients who underwent surgical LAAc (RR 0.71, 95% CI 0.58–0.87; P = 0.001). Regarding the rate of preoperative AF, LAAc showed protective effect against stroke/embolic events in studies with >70% preoperative AF (RR 0.64, 95% CI 0.53–0.77; P < 0.00001) but no benefit in the studies with <30% of preoperative AF (RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.46–1.28; P = 0.31). Postoperative mortality was also significantly lower in surgical patients with LAAc at the mid- and long-term follow-up. (RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.67–0.78; P < 0.00001; I2 = 0%). Based on these findings, concomitant surgical LAAc is associated with lower rates of embolic events and stroke in the postoperative period in patients with preoperative AF and also improves postoperative mortality in the mid- and long-term follow-up.
Variation in length of stay after minimally invasive lung resection: a reflection of perioperative care routines?
Authors: von Meyenfeldt Erik M , Hoeijmakers Fieke , Marres Geertruid M H , van Thiel Eric R E , Marra Elske , Marang-van de Mheen Perla J , Schreurs Hermien (W) H 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Good perioperative care is aimed at rapid recovery, without complications or readmissions. Length of stay (LOS) is influenced not only by perioperative care routines but also by patient factors, tumour factors, treatment characteristics and complications. The present study examines variation in LOS between hospitals after minimally invasive lung resections for both complicated and uncomplicated patients to assess whether LOS is a hospital characteristic influenced by local perioperative routines or other factors.

METHODS
Dutch Lung Cancer Audit (surgery) data were used. Median LOS was calculated on hospital level, stratified by the severity of complications. Lowest quartile (short) LOS per hospital, corrected for case-mix factors by multivariable logistic regression, was presented in funnel plots. We correlated short LOS in complicated versus uncomplicated patients to assess whether short LOS clustered in the same hospitals regardless of complications.

RESULTS
Data from 6055 patients in 42 hospitals were included. Median LOS in uncomplicated patients varied from 3 to 8 days between hospitals and increased most markedly for patients with major complications. Considerable between-hospital variation persisted after case-mix correction, but more in uncomplicated than complicated patients. Short LOS in uncomplicated and complicated patients were significantly correlated (r = 0.53, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
LOS after minimally invasive anatomical lung resections varied between hospitals particularly in uncomplicated patients. The significant correlation between short LOS in uncomplicated and complicated patients suggests that LOS is a hospital characteristic potentially influenced by local processes. Standardizing and optimizing perioperative care could help limit practice variation with improved LOS and complication rates.
Family Life Courses, Gender, and Mid-Life Earnings
Authors: Jalovaara Marika , Fasang Anette Eva 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThere is a long-standing debate on whether extensive Nordic family policies have the intended equalizing effect on family and gender differences in economic outcomes. This article compares how the combination of family events across the life course is associated with annual and accumulated earnings at mid-life for men and women in an egalitarian Nordic welfare state. Based on Finnish register data (N = 12,951), we identify seven typical family life courses from ages 18 to 39 and link them to mid-life earnings using sequence and cluster analysis and regression methods. Earnings are highest for the most normative family life courses that combine stable marriage with two or more children for men and women. Mid-life earnings are lowest for unpartnered mothers and never-partnered childless men. Earnings gaps by family lives are small among women but sizeable among men. Gender disparities in earnings are remarkably high, particularly between men and women with normative family lives. These gaps between married mothers and married fathers remain invisible when looking only at motherhood penalties. Results further highlight a large group of (almost) never-partnered childless men with low earnings who went largely unnoticed in previous research.
Gravity and magnetic field interpretation to detect deep buried paleobasinal fault lines contributing to intraplate earthquakes: a case study from Pohang Basin, SE Korea
Authors: Choi Sungchan , Ryu In-Chang , Lee Young-Cheol , Son Yujin 
Published: October 2019

SUMMARY
Potential field interpretation is a powerful method to locate deep buried tectonic fault lines that contribute to intraplate earthquakes. A magnitude 5.4 earthquake (2017, M5.4_PO) occurred in the Middle-Miocene Pohang Basin (PB), SE of the Korean Peninsula on 15 November 2017, in the area where no fault lines appear on geological and tectonic maps. To constrain fault locations, we calculate the gravity effect of the current basin fill with a gravity stripping method and used curvature analysis to identify former geological and tectonic structures, assumed formed in the Early-Miocene. The Early-Miocene PB is divided into two subregions (northern- and southern sub-basins) by a modelled NW–SE fault line, similar to the other Early-Miocene basins (e.g. Eoil basin). Fault line trends are NE–SW in the northern sub-basin, and NNE–SSW in the southern sub-basin. 2017M5.4_PO arose from a tectonic movement along the eastern boundary of the northern sub-basin, the cross-over area from the isolated high-magnetic/low-gravity region to low-magnetic/high-gravity region. The largest aftershock of the 2017M5.4_PO occurred along the NW–SE fault line bordering the northern- and southern sub-basin.
A unilateral pelvic kidney with variant vasculature: clinical significance
Authors: Gencheva Ralitsa , Gibson Bryce , Garugu Shruthi , Forrest Anthony , Sakthi-Velavan Sumathilatha 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The incidence of ectopic pelvic kidney accounts for ~1 of 2500 live births. Although pelvic kidneys are most often asymptomatic, they may be associated with several pathologies including hypertension. As pelvic kidney results from a brief interference of the ascension of the developing kidney, it is frequently accompanied by an atypical and variable blood supply. The presence of multiple arteries and veins and their abnormal course and morphology are associated with surgical and radiological significance. Malrotation of the kidney with extrarenal calyces further predisposes the pelvic kidney to recurrent urinary tract infections. This report describes a rare case of a unilateral pelvic kidney with vascular and calyceal variations, and this case is reported to provide additional insight into this variation and its correlation to clinical practice.