bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Return to Sport after Injury: A Web-Based Survey of Owners and Handlers of Agility Dogs
Authors: Manfredi Jane , Tomlinson Julia 
Published: October 2018

Objective Internet-based surveys of canine agility injury rates have been performed, but unlike with equine and human competition, there is a paucity of data on return to sport of agility dogs after orthopaedic injury. This study aimed to gather initial information on canine return to competition.
Methods Data were collected using an internet-based 18-question survey of 427 dogs from around the world (92.4% North America). Relationships between categorical variables and return to sport were assessed with descriptive statistics, a chi-squared or Fischer's exact test. Categorical variables included breed, sex, age, surgery, stifle versus shoulder surgery, stifle versus all other types of surgery and drop in competition class. Significance was set at p≤ 0.05.
Results Of 427 completed surveys, age, sex and breed were not significantly associated with return to competition. Overall, 67.4% of dogs returned to competition post-orthopaedic injury, but jump height was lowered in 47% of cases. Dogs were returned to competition post-stifle surgery, but were the least likely of all injury types to return to competition (p = 0.044) and were more likely to compete at a lower class (p = 0.026).
Clinical Significance While over half of all dogs returned to competition, just under half of that group decreased jump class. Dogs that have undergone stifle surgery have the worst prognosis for return to agility and if they return, they are more likely to drop class.
Initiating Telehealth in a Complex Organization
Authors: Jalalabadi Faryan , Shultz Kelly , Sussman Norman , Fisher William , Reece Edward 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMedicine has been praised for breakthroughs that improve the quality and longevity of human life. In the setting of today's fast-paced, tech-savvy society in combination with increased patient volume entering hospital doors, telemedicine proves an effective tool to enable the industry to adapt to the changing world around us. A review of the current literature and legislative laws was conducted along with knowledge from the experience gathered at starting a telehealth platform at Texas Children's Hospital to find the necessary steps for starting a telehealth program. Through digital platform, telemedicine offers remote delivery of medical services to all parts of the country, urban and rural, while enhancing interprofessional referral patterns in the local setting. Telemedicine sets to preemptively triage and guide patients through their appropriate phases of care all the meanwhile, bringing the patient and physician closer together. This discussion delves into the further added benefits to large hospital systems, breaks down the basics of the technological platform, and addresses current barriers to entry in the telehealth industry. This article serves as an introduction to a series regarding effective implementation of telemedicine into the hospital system.
The good, the true and the beautiful: imagining an ethico-political future for the philosophy of religion
Authors: Hickman Louise 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis article argues that the future of philosophy of religion is ethical and political. Much of the current sense of dissatisfaction felt by both critics and practitioners of philosophy of religion can be traced to a perceived lack of relevance, a problem exacerbated by the diminishing, yet persistent, divide between Anglo-American and Continental approaches. A philosophy of religion that is committed to the Platonic ideals of Goodness, Truth and Beauty offers an ethical and political imaginary that has the potential to make philosophy of religion able to consider the most urgent problems of our age. It is argued here that the work of Pamela Sue Anderson, Douglas Hedley and Mark Wynn encapsulates these Platonic ideals and shows how the philosophy of religion can model itself as truth seeking, innovative and transformative.
Characterizing Dehn surgeries on links via trisections
Authors: Meier Jeffrey , Zupan Alexander 
Published: October 2018

Significance
Dehn surgery is the process in which one cuts out a neighborhood of a knot or a link in 3D space and reglues this neighborhood in a different way to obtain a new 3D space. By viewing this operation as occurring smoothly over a period, there is a natural interpretation of spaces “before” and “after” a Dehn surgery as level sets of a generic function taking a 4D space to the real line. As such, 4D spaces are deeply linked to Dehn surgeries. This paper explores the ways in which trisections of 4-manifolds can be used to answer interesting questions about such surgeries.
Metabolic regulation of female puberty via hypothalamic AMPK–kisspeptin signaling
Authors: Roa Juan , Barroso Alexia , Ruiz-Pino Francisco , Vázquez Maria Jesus , Seoane-Collazo Patricia , Martínez-Sanchez Noelia , García-Galiano David , Ilhan Tuncay , Pineda Rafael , León Silvia , Manfredi-Lozano Maria , Heras Violeta , Poutanen Matti , Castellano Juan M. , Gaytan Francisco , Diéguez Carlos , Pinilla Leonor , López Miguel , Tena-Sempere Manuel 
Published: October 2018

Significance
The age of puberty in humans is changing via unknown mechanisms, although metabolic alterations in childhood are blamed as a major contributing factor. Perturbations in pubertal timing are posed with increased risk of later cardiometabolic diseases and reduced life expectancy, urging a better understanding of the molecular basis for these phenomena. We describe a mechanism whereby the main cellular energy sensor, AMPK, operates in a population of hypothalamic neurons, named Kiss1, which produce the puberty-activating signal, kisspeptin, to metabolically control puberty onset. This neuroendocrine circuit provides a molecular link between conditions of negative energy balance and delayed pubertal timing, via a repressive AMPK–Kiss1 pathway, which may become a druggable target in conditions of disordered puberty, especially of metabolic origin.
Hox5genes direct elastin network formation during alveologenesis by regulating myofibroblast adhesion
Authors: Hrycaj Steven M. , Marty-Santos Leilani , Cebrian Cristina , Rasky Andrew J. , Ptaschinski Catherine , Lukacs Nicholas W. , Wellik Deneen M. 
Published: October 2018

SignificanceHox5genes play critical roles in embryonic lung development, but mutants die at birth, preventing investigation of potential postnatal functions for these genes. Surprisingly, we show that the highest expression levels ofHox5genes occur 1–2 weeks after birth. We created a conditional allele forHoxa5that allowed us to generate and study mutants for all threeHox5genes during postnatal development.Hox5mutants have poorly developed alveoli and expanded distal airspaces resulting from an abrogated elastin network. These defects arise from the inability ofHox5mutant fibroblasts to adhere to the fibronectin matrix due to loss of integrins Itga5/b1. Thus, our data highlight redundant roles for all threeHox5genes in regulating fibroblast adhesion and elastogenesis during alveologenesis.
Hierarchical spidroin micellar nanoparticles as the fundamental precursors of spider silks
Authors: Parent Lucas R. , Onofrei David , Xu Dian , Stengel Dillan , Roehling John D. , Addison J. Bennett , Forman Christopher , Amin Samrat A. , Cherry Brian R. , Yarger Jeffery L. , Gianneschi Nathan C. , Holland Gregory P. 
Published: October 2018

Significance
The true physical form of the proteins within the silk glands of spiders that permits storage at very high concentrations rather than as precipitated material prior to being transformed into solid silk fibers remains one of the fundamental mysteries that has limited our ability to produce artificial silks of the quality of natural silks. Here we determine that spider silk proteins are stored as complex micellar nanoparticles composed of assembled subdomains. When extruded during the silk spinning process, these subdomains undergo fibrillization while remaining assembled in micelles. Knowledge of the nanostructured protein assemblies in the dope is critical to the basic understanding of the spinning process and to our ability to mimic the natural material properties in synthetic analogues.
Role of sexual imprinting in assortative mating and premating isolation in Darwin’s finches
Authors: Grant Peter R. , Grant B. Rosemary 
Published: October 2018

Significance
It is important to preserve the potential for future speciation because global biodiversity is being rapidly degraded. A key question is how incipient species become reproductively isolated from each other. Here we provide evidence that two species of Darwin’s finches choose mates on the basis of learning morphological features of their parents and possibly from inherited preferences. The evidence for imprinting is stronger in sons than in daughters and for imprinting by both sons and daughters is stronger on fathers, which sing, than on mothers, which do not. Imprinting establishes a barrier to interbreeding between morphologically different species. The barrier is leaky, species occasionally hybridize, and the hybrids can give rise to a new species based on learned mate preferences.
Alignment-free clustering of UMI tagged DNA molecules
Authors: Orabi Baraa , Erhan Emre , McConeghy Brian , Volik Stanislav V , Le Bihan Stephane , Bell Robert , Collins Colin C , Chauve Cedric , Hach Faraz 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Motivation
Next-Generation Sequencing has led to the availability of massive genomic datasets whose processing raises many challenges, including the handling of sequencing errors. This is especially pertinent in cancer genomics, e.g. for detecting low allele frequency variations from circulating tumor DNA. Barcode tagging of DNA molecules with unique molecular identifiers (UMI) attempts to mitigate sequencing errors; UMI tagged molecules are polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified, and the PCR copies of UMI tagged molecules are sequenced independently. However, the PCR and sequencing steps can generate errors in the sequenced reads that can be located in the barcode and/or the DNA sequence. Analyzing UMI tagged sequencing data requires an initial clustering step, with the aim of grouping reads sequenced from PCR duplicates of the same UMI tagged molecule into a single cluster, and the size of the current datasets requires this clustering process to be resource-efficient.

Results
We introduce Calib, a computational tool that clusters paired-end reads from UMI tagged sequencing experiments generated by substitution-error-dominant sequencing platforms such as Illumina. Calib clusters are defined as connected components of a graph whose edges are defined in terms of both barcode similarity and read sequence similarity. The graph is constructed efficiently using locality sensitive hashing and MinHashing techniques. Calib’s default clustering parameters are optimized empirically, for different UMI and read lengths, using a simulation module that is packaged with Calib. Compared to other tools, Calib has the best accuracy on simulated data, while maintaining reasonable runtime and memory footprint. On a real dataset, Calib runs with far less resources than alignment-based methods, and its clusters reduce the number of tentative false positive in downstream variation calling.

Availability and implementation
Calib is implemented in C++ and its simulation module is implemented in Python. Calib is available at https://github.com/vpc-ccg/calib.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Evolution
Authors: Kenny Susan 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This chapter is about Australian constitutional evolution. It concerns the meaning, the processes, and the possibilities of constitutional change in Australia. ‘Constitutional evolution’ here means the transformation of the Australian constitutional system from its original form in 1901 into different forms until it reached the form we know today, by an aggregation of changes over time. These changes have mostly occurred in the constitutional space for which the written Constitution originally provided, with the result that, from 1901 until now, the Constitution has provided the framework for the Australian federation. The Constitution, as enacted by the British Parliament and as formally amended by popular referenda, has been critical to this evolutionary process; but the changes in the constitutional system, though consistent with the written text, have not been required by it.
Unwritten Rules
Authors: Appleby Gabrielle 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This chapter attempts to develop a more comprehensive understanding of the Australian constitutional system through which government power is arranged, defined, and limited by investigating ‘unwritten’ constitutional rules. Unwritten constitutional rules are most usually associated with the constitutional conventions that govern the exercise of executive power, which is cursorily, nebulously, and at times somewhat misleadingly defined and vested in Chapter II of the Constitution. The chapter thus commences by defining the concept of ‘unwrittenness’ with respect to constitutional rules and relating that to the norms of the Australian constitutional system. It then describes the three identified types of such rules—convention, common law protections, and judicially drawn implications from the constitutional text. Finally, the chapter analyses the existence, scope, enforceability, and acceptance of these unwritten norms within Australia's blend of political and legal constitutionalism.
Comparative Constitutional Law
Authors: Gageler Stephen , Bateman Will 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This chapter points out the orthodoxy in Australia of consulting foreign law as an ordinary part of the interpretation and application of ‘constitutional provisions with a common genetic or genealogical root’. Australian constitutional experience has demonstrated for more than a century how comparative constitutional analysis can illuminate the resolution of constitutional issues arising within a domestic legal system. In its exposition and development, no less than in its inspiration, Australian constitutional law has benefited from the consideration of foreign precedent. Constitutional ideas which have found expression in foreign judicial pronouncements have been appropriated and adapted when found to shed light on domestic constitutional issues, and discarded when not. That approach to the evaluation and utilization of foreign constitutional precedent has been nothing more than an aspect of the application of common law methodology to constitutional interpretation.
Legitimacy
Authors: Lim Brendan 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This chapter charts the uneven progression since federation of popular sovereignty as a legitimating force in Australian constitutionalism. It describes how the sociological and moral facts which lie outside the constitution, but which shape our understanding of its legitimacy, can come to be incorporated within the constitution, and to shape our understanding of its law. The chapter begins with the particular conception of popular sovereignty that the Constitution introduced into the regime. This was a political rather than a juridical conception; a fact determining legitimacy rather than legality. But the chapter reveals that the boundary between legitimacy and legality is a porous one. In a wide variety of ways, conceptions of legitimacy influence standards of legality. The course of that influence is then traced through the twentieth century before the chapter returns to arguments presented by Sir Edmund Barton on the last day of the Australasian Federal Conventions in 1898.
Citizenship
Authors: Arcioni Elisa 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This chapter examines the uneasy relationship between the Australian Constitution and membership of the Australian polity. Unlike some constitutions, the Australian Constitution contains no mention of ‘citizenship’. Instead, formal membership of the Australian community is determined by reference to the constitutional categories of ‘subjects of the Queen’ and ‘people of the Commonwealth’ and through the legislative definition of citizenship under federal law. These peculiar features of the Australian context reflect what is generally assumed to be the modest role of the Constitution in determining national identity and the fact that Australia was not an independent nation at the time of the Constitution's drafting. Developments in legislation, constitutional jurisprudence, and mooted constitutional amendments all point towards a greater role for the Constitution in determining Australian ‘citizenship’ in the future.
Constitutionalism
Authors: Crawford Lisa Burton , Goldsworthy Jeffrey 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This chapter explains how constitutionalism developed and how it currently operates in Australia. It first explains the historical developments whereby Australia combined elements of the British and American models of constitutionalism, which employ legal and political constitutionalism in very different ways. The chapter then describes three main stages in the development of Australian constitutionalism. The first was the establishment in the nineteenth century of colonial Constitutions, which employed a predominantly political form of constitutionalism and, upon federation in 1900, became the Constitutions of the six Australian States. The second was the establishment of the Commonwealth Constitution in 1900, which necessarily blended elements of political and legal constitutionalism. The third consists of more recent innovations by the High Court that have expanded the role of legal constitutionalism. Each development has built on its predecessor, resulting in a distinctive combination of political and legal constitutionalism.
Republicanism
Authors: Williams John M. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This chapter discusses and evaluates the various approaches to republicanism in Australia. It first briefly outlines Australia's current monarchical Constitution, highlighting the textual ties to the monarchy and those aspects that confirm Australia's status as something less than constitutionally independent. The chapter then deals with three faces of Australian republicanism. It explores a number of manifestations of Australian independence that have shaped the narrative that has simultaneously advanced and retarded the republican debate. Afterward, this chapter explores the technical steps and alterations that have emerged with the republican debate in the late 1990s. It highlights key influences on this debate and in particular the quest for a ‘minimalist’ republic. Finally, the chapter briefly investigates the future direction of Australian republicanism.
Unity
Authors: Gummow William 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This chapter considers national unity in Australia. It focuses first upon the absolute freedom of intercourse among the States of which section 92 of the Constitution commands. The chapter then turns to the absence of disability or discrimination required by section 117. Next, it considers the operation of section 109 not only to adjust relations between Commonwealth and State legislatures but to meet the entitlement of ‘the ordinary citizens … to know which of two inconsistent laws he is required to observe’. Here, reference is made to the uniform quality of justice throughout the Commonwealth which these ‘ordinary citizens’ would be entitled to expect. Finally, the chapter discusses the relationship between ‘the people’, the franchise, and citizenship, and what on occasion has been identified as the implied ‘nationhood’ legislative power of the Parliament, or ‘nationhood’ as an attribute of the executive power of the Commonwealth.
Australia in the International Order
Authors: Charlesworth Hilary 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This chapter offers an account of Australia's engagement with the international legal order, through different aspects of the relationship: designing international institutions, litigating in the World Court, and implementing international standards. These are only fragments of the full picture, but they illustrate both Australia's embrace of and distancing from the international legal order. Australia's relationship with the international legal order overall is marked by a deep strand of ambivalence. It has played both the part of a good international citizen as well as that of an international exceptionalist. In some fields, Australia has engaged creatively in international institution-building, even if with a wary eye to protect certain Australian interests. In other areas, particularly human rights, the relationship is distinctly uneasy, with Australia appearing to believe that international standards should regulate others and that it is somehow above scrutiny.
Authority of the High Court of Australia
Authors: Donaghue Stephen 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This chapter considers both the foundations for, and the content of, the High Court's authority in Australia. It focuses principally on the current authority of the High Court, but with reference to some aspects of its history. The chapter first explains the Court's constitutional status as Australia's apex court, performing the role of both constitutional court and ultimate appellate court for both federal and State matters. It next outlines the institutional features of the Court that underpin its authority, in particular its composition and independence. The chapter then examines the Court's authority to enforce constitutional limits through judicial review of legislative action. Lastly, the chapter considers the Court's authority to review executive action and the constitutional foundation for that role.
Justiciability
Authors: Kirk Jeremy 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This chapter examines the notion of ‘justiciability’ in Australia. In this chapter, justiciability is understood as referring to issues considered appropriate and capable of being subject to judicial resolution and relief. The primary function of courts is to resolve legal disputes. Constitutional law questions, of their nature, tend to overlap with political, social, moral, and economic issues. Disputes in these areas may raise issues which courts are not well-suited to resolve. Further, there may be a concern about whether a case presents a real controversy for determination which is in dispute between the parties before the court, which is appropriately raised by those parties, and/or which is capable of being quelled in whole or part by judicial remedy. Such issues are linked in the Australian constitutional context to the interwoven requirements that there be a ‘matter’ before the court capable of determination by exercise of the ‘judicial power of the Commonwealth’.
Parliaments
Authors: Simpson Amelia 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the national institution variously called the ‘federal Parliament’, the ‘Australian Parliament’, or the ‘Commonwealth Parliament’. It highlights three constitutional meta-principles as having significance for the institution of Parliament. These three—federalism, representative government, and responsible government—have been particularly influential in determining the institutional trajectory of the Parliament. Hence, this chapter uses them to organize a discussion of key structural features. The latter two meta-principles are further taken as useful lenses through which to examine notable innovations, challenges, and constraints that contribute to an understanding of the institution. This chapter thus reveals that Parliament itself has had a significant and ongoing influence upon the structures through which representative government gains expression, even while the High Court has intervened periodically to enforce perceived baseline requirements.