bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential–associated mutations and risk of comorbidities in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Naqvi Kiran , Sasaki Koji , Montalban‐Bravo Guillermo , Alfonso Pierola Ana , Yilmaz Musa , Short Nicholas , Assi Rita , Jabbour Elias , Ravandi Farhad , Kadia Tapan , Pierce Sherry , Takahashi Koichi , Nogueras Gonzalez Graciela , Kanagal‐Shamanna Rashmi , Patel Keyur , Soltysiak Kelly A. , Kantarjian Hagop M. , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundClonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP)‐associated mutations increase the risk of atherosclerotic heart disease. Comorbidities significantly impact the prognosis of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). The objective of this study was to determine the association and impact of CHIP mutations with comorbidities in patients with MDS.MethodsThis retrospective analysis of 566 consecutive patients with MDS was conducted at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center from August 2013 to December 2016. The 27‐item Adult Comorbidity Evaluation (ACE‐27) scale was used to assess the severity of comorbid conditions. Next‐generation sequencing was used to detect the presence of CHIP mutations in bone marrow aspirates. Spearman correlations and logistic regression analyses were used to determine the association between mutations and comorbidities.ResultsMutations in the genes tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (TET2), ASXL transcriptional regulator 1 (ASXL1), DNA methyltransferase 3α (DNMT3A), Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), and tumor protein 53 (TP53) were noted in 20%, 18%, 9%, 2%, and 21% of patients, respectively. Patients with DNMT3A and JAK2 mutations had higher likelihoods of a prior history of myocardial infarction (odds ratio, 2.62; P = .03) and veno‐occlusive disease (odds ratio, 6.48; P = .02), respectively. TP53 mutation was associated with a prior history of malignancy. Patients with TET2 mutation had no association with any comorbidity. A prognostic model including the revised International Prognostic Scoring System classification, the ACE‐27 score, and TP53 mutation status (the I‐RAT model) predicted median overall survival.ConclusionsIn patients with MDS, the presence of CHIP–associated mutations is associated with comorbidities. DNMT3A and JAK2 mutations were associated with higher likelihoods of prior myocardial infarction and thrombotic events. There was no association between comorbidity and TET2 mutation. Incorporating the revised International Prognostic Scoring System classification with the ACE‐27 and TP53 mutation status improved outcome prediction in patients with MDS.
Absence of axonal sprouting following unilateral lesion in 125‐day‐old rat supraoptic nucleus may be due to age‐dependent decrease in protein levels of ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor alpha
Authors: Askvig Jason M. , Watt John A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWithin the supraoptic nucleus (SON) of a 35‐day‐old rat, we previously demonstrated a collateral sprouting response that reinnervates the partially denervated neural lobe (NL) after unilateral lesion of the hypothalamo‐neurohypophysial tract. Others have shown a decreased propensity for axonal sprouting in an aged brain; therefore, to see if the SON exhibits a decreased propensity for axonal sprouting as the animal ages, we performed a unilateral lesion in the 125‐day‐old rat SON. Ultrastructural analysis of axon profiles in the NL of the 125‐day‐old rat demonstrated an absence of axonal sprouting following injury. We previously demonstrated that ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) promotes process outgrowth from injured magnocellular neuron axons in vitro. Thus, we hypothesized that the lack of axonal sprouting in the 125‐day‐old rat SON may be due to a reduction in CNTF or the CNTF receptor components. To this point, we found that as the rat ages there is significantly less CNTF receptor alpha (CNTFRα) protein in the uninjured, 125‐day‐old rat compared to the uninjured, 35‐day‐old rat. We also observed that protein levels of CNTF and the CNTF receptor components were increased in the SON and NL following injury in the 35‐day‐old rat, but there was no difference in the protein levels in the 125‐day‐old rat. Altogether, the results presented herein demonstrate that the plasticity within the SON is highly dependent on the age of the rat, and that a decrease in CNTFRα protein levels in the 125‐day‐old rat may contribute to the loss of axonal sprouting following axotomy.
ROCK inhibition improves axonal regeneration in a preclinical model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Joshi Abhijeet R. , Muke Ines , Bobylev Ilja , Lehmann Helmar C. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAlteration of the RhoA/ROCK (Rho kinase) pathway has been shown to be neuroprotective in SOD1G93A mice, the most commonly used animal model of ALS. Since previous studies indicate that, apart from neuroprotection, ROCK inhibitor Y‐27632 can also accelerate regeneration of motor axons, we here assessed the regenerative capability of axons in SOD1G93A mice with and without treatment with Y‐27632. Regeneration of axons was examined after sciatic nerve crush in pre‐ and symptomatic SOD1G93A mice. Proregenerative effects of Y‐27632 were studied during the disease course in the SOD1G93A mouse model. In symptomatic SOD1G93A mice, axonal regeneration was markedly reduced compared to presymptomatic SOD1G93A mice and wild types. Treatment with Y‐27632 improved functional and morphological measures of motor axons after sciatic crush in all tested conditions. Y‐27632 treatment did not increase the lifespan of symptomatic SOD1G93A mice, but did improve axonal (re)innervation of neuromuscular junctions. Our study provides proof of concept that axonal regeneration of motor neurons harboring SOD1G93A is impaired, but amenable for pharmacological interventions aiming to accelerate axonal regeneration. Given the lack of treatments for ALS, approaches to improve axonal regeneration, including by inhibiting ROCK, should be further explored.
Piecewise parabolic method for propagation of shear shock waves in relaxing soft solids: One‐dimensional case
Authors: Tripathi Bharat B. , Espíndola David , Pinton Gianmarco F. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractShear shock waves can be generated spontaneously deep within the brain during a traumatic injury. This recently observed behavior could be a primary mechanism for the generation of traumatic brain injuries. However, shear shock wave physics and its numerical modeling are relatively unstudied. Existing numerical solvers used in biomechanics are not designed for the extremely large Mach numbers (greater than 1) observed in the brain. Furthermore, soft solids, such as the brain, have a complex nonclassical viscoleastic response, which must be accurately modeled to capture the nonlinear wave behavior. Here, we develop a 1D inviscid velocity‐stress–like system to model the propagation of shear shock waves in a homogeneous medium. Then a generalized Maxwell body is used to model a relaxing medium that can describe experimentally determined attenuation laws. Finally, the resulting system is solved numerically with the piecewise parabolic method, a high‐order finite volume method. The nonlinear and the relaxing components of this method are validated with theoretical predictions. Comparisons between numerical solutions obtained for the proposed model and the experiments of plane shear shock wave propagation based on high frame‐rate ultrasound imaging and tracking are shown to be in excellent agreement.
Spiraling Asymptotic Profiles of Competition‐Diffusion Systems
Authors: Terracini Susanna , Verzini Gianmaria , Zilio Alessandro 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis paper describes the structure of the nodal set of segregation profiles arising in the singular limit of planar, stationary, reaction‐diffusion systems with strongly competitive interactions of Lotka‐Volterra type, when the matrix of the interspecific competition coefficients is asymmetric and the competition parameter tends to infinity. Unlike the symmetric case, when it is known that the nodal set consists of a locally finite collection of curves meeting with equal angles at a locally finite number of singular points, the asymmetric case shows the emergence of spiraling nodal curves, still meeting at locally isolated points with finite vanishing order. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In Vivo Electroporation and Time‐Lapse Imaging of the Rostral Migratory Stream in Developing Rodent Brain
Authors: Huang Zhihui , Wang Ying 
Published: March 2019

AbstractInterneurons in the olfactory bulb are generated from neuronal precursor cells migrating from the anterior subventricular zone (SVZa) throughout the embryonic and postnatal life of mammals. This article describes basic methods for in vivo electroporation to label SVZa cells of both embryonic and postnatal rats. In addition, it describes three methods for tracing SVZa progenitors and following their migration pathway and differentiation, including immunohistochemistry, time‐lapse live imaging in slice culture, and time‐lapse imaging following transplantation in slice culture. These methods may be applied to all strains of rats and mice, including reporter mice. They may also be combined with methods such as BrdU labeling, tamoxifen injection, and electrophysiology, allowing one to observe proliferation or control gene expression at specific times and for specific neuronal functions. With time‐lapse live imaging, details of labeled cells can be studied, including morphology, motility pattern, differentiation, and crosstalk between cells. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
SEAL2: An SDN‐enabled all‐Layer2 packet forwarding network architecture for multitenant datacenter networks
Authors: Yeh Chun‐Chao , Qiu Jun‐Wei , Chang Shi‐Jia 
Published: March 2019

SummaryThis paper presents the design and development of a new network virtualization scheme to support multitenant datacenter networking (MT‐DCN) based on software‐defined networking (SDN) technologies. Effective multitenancy supports are essential and challenging for datacenter networking designs. In this study, we propose a new network virtualization architecture framework for efficient packet forwarding in MT‐DCN. Traditionally, an internet host uses IP addresses for both host identification and location information, which causes mobile IP problems whenever the host is moved from one IP subnet to another. Unfortunately, virtual machine (VM) mobility is inevitable for cloud computing in datacenters for reasons such as server consolidation and network traffic flow optimization. To solve the problems, we decouple VM identification and location information with two independent values neither by IP addresses. We redefine the semantics of Ethernet MAC address to embed tenant ID information to the MAC address field without violating its original functionality. We also replace traditional Layer2/Layer3 two‐stage routing schemes (MAC/IP) with an all‐Layer2 packet forwarding mechanism that combines MAC addresses (for VM identification and forwarding in local server groups under an edge switch gateway) and multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) labels (for packet transportation between edge switch gateways across the core label switching network connecting all the edge gateways). To accommodate conventional IP packet architecture in a multitenant environment, SDN (OpenFlow) technology is used to handle all this complex network traffics. We verified the design concepts by a simple system prototype in which all the major system components were implemented. Based on the prototype system, we evaluated packet forwarding efficiency under the proposed network architecture and compared it with conventional IP subnet routing approaches. We also evaluated the incurred packet processing overhead caused by each of the packet routing components.
Established and empirically derived landbird focal species lists correlate with vegetation and avian metrics
Authors: Stephens Jaime L. , Dinger Eric C. , Alexander John D. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSurrogate species are commonly used in conservation science due to the fact that it is not feasible to measure and manage each component of biodiversity independently; yet, there is much debate about their efficacy. We use long‐term monitoring data from six national park units in northern California and southern Oregon to test the focal species approach, wherein a suite of species is selected whose habitat requirements collectively encompass those of co‐occurring species. Specifically, we examine how well existing Partners in Flight (PIF) habitat‐based focal species lists and empirically derived focal species lists represent vegetation and three avian assemblages of interest: the entire assemblage, species of concern, and common species in steep decline. ExistingPIFfocal species lists were significantly correlated with the three alternative matrices of avian assemblages and vegetation, but not all parks and alternate matrices performed with equal correlative strength and/or significance. For example, existingPIFfocal species lists were significantly correlated to the entire assemblage at five of the six parks and had ecologically meaningful correlations (>0.70) at four. However,PIFfocal species list correlations with park specific species of concern and common species in steep declined varied widely, with correlations between 0.040–0.943 and 0.210–0.556, respectively. Averaged across park units the empirical focal species lists developed to represent both vegetation metrics and species of concern improved correlation with all alternative matrices of avian assemblages and vegetation metrics. We found that the focal species approach generally represented the entire avian community, but did not adequately represent suites of species of concern or common species in decline. Empirical testing is a critical step in validating or refining suites of focal species at management relevant scales, and in some instances, a more refined focal species list may increase overall utility of the surrogate species approach.
Trails‐as‐transects: phenology monitoring across heterogeneous microclimates in Acadia National Park, Maine
Authors: McDonough MacKenzie Caitlin , Primack Richard B. , Miller‐Rushing Abraham J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractClimate‐driven shifts in phenology, which are being observed worldwide, affect ecosystem services, trophic interactions, and community composition, presenting challenges to managers in protected areas. Resource management benefits from local, species‐specific phenology information. However, phenology monitoring programs in heterogeneous landscapes typically require serendipitous historical records or many years of contemporary data before trends in phenological responses to changes in climate can be analyzed. Here, we used a trails‐as‐transects approach to rapidly accumulate monitoring data across environmental gradients on three mountains in Acadia National Park, Maine, USA, and compared our results to phenological changes observed in Concord, Massachusetts, USA. In four years of intensive monitoring of transects on three mountains, we found large variability in spring temperatures across the mountains, but consistent patterns of advancing flower and leaf phenology in warmer microclimates. Reduced sampling intensity would have yielded similar results, but a shorter duration would not have revealed these patterns. The plants in Acadia responded to warming spring temperatures by shifting leaf and flower phenology in the same direction (earlier), but at a reduced rate (as measured in d/°C), in comparison with plants in southern New England (e.g., Concord, Massachusetts, USA). Our approach takes advantage of topographical complexity and associated microclimate gradients to substitute for long time series, allowing for rapid assessment of phenological response to climate. Other climate gradients (e.g., urban‐to‐rural, latitudinal, or coastal‐to‐inland) could work similarly. This intensive monitoring over a short time period quickly builds a robust dataset and can inform management decisions regarding future monitoring strategies, including sampling designs for citizen science‐based phenology monitoring programs.
Limitations of the Clausius‐Mossotti function used in dielectrophoresis and electrical impedance studies of biomacromolecules
Authors: Pethig Ronald 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDielectrophoresis (DEP) studies have progressed from the microscopic scale of cells and bacteria, through the mesoscale of virions to the molecular scale of DNA and proteins. The Clausius‐Mossotti function, based on macroscopic electrostatics, is invariably employed in the analyses of all these studies. The limitations of this practice are explored, with the conclusion that it should be abandoned for the DEP study of proteins and modified for native DNA. For macromolecular samples in general, a DEP theory that incorporates molecular‐scale interactions and the influence of permanent dipoles is more appropriate. Experimental ways to test these conclusions are proposed.
A microchip device to enhance free flow electrophoresis using controllable pinched sample injections
Authors: Zhou Wanjun , Xia Ling , Xiao Xiaohua , Li Gongke , Pu Qiaosheng 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMicro free flow electrophoresis (µFFE) is a valuable technique capable of high throughput rapid microscale electrophoretic separation along with mild operating conditions. However, the stream flow separation nature of free flow electrophoresis affects its separation performance with additional stream broadening due to sample stream deflection. To reduce stream broadening and enhance separation performance of µFFE, we presented a simple microfluidic device that enables injection bandwidth control. A pinched injection was formed in the reported µFFE system using operating buffer at sample flow rate ratio (r) setting. Initial bandwidth at the entrance of separation chamber can be shrunk from 800 to 30 µm when r increased from 1 to 256. Stream broadening at the exit of separation chamber can be reduced by about 96% when r increased from 4 to 128, according to both theoretical and experimental results. Moreover, the separation resolution for a dye mixture was enhanced by a factor of 4 when r increased from 16 to 128, which corresponded to an 80% reduction in sample initial bandwidth. Furthermore, a similar enhancement on amino acids separation was obtained by using injection control in the reported µFFE device and readily integrated into online/offline sample preparation and/or downstream analysis procedures.
Computational fluid dynamic evaluation of heat transfer enhancement in microchannel solar collectors sustained by alumina nanofluid
Authors: Ahadi Amirhossein , Antoun Sylvie , Saghir M. Ziad , Swift John 
Published: March 2019

AbstractNanofluids have produced a wide range of researches for various cooling/heating purposes, owing to the enhanced thermophysical properties they bring by suspending nanoparticles in the base fluid. This work proposes a detailed computational fluid dynamic (CFD) study of heat transfer enhancement in microchannel solar collectors coupled with nanofluid. The accuracy of the numerical model is ensured through a reliable finite element analysis considering the complexity of the three‐dimensional structure of microchannel solar collector. The thermophoretic motion induced by the suspension of Al2O3 nanoparticles was also evaluated to further understand the thermal enhancement observed in forced convection regimes. The accuracy of the model was first validated with respect to propylene glycol/water fluid, and then applied to evaluate the performance for Al2O3/water nanofluid. A detailed comparison of the performance of the two fluids with an assessment of the temperature and velocity profiles, was adopted to evaluate the thermal efficacy of adding nanofluids. A further investigation of the effect of solar collector inclination angles (0, π/6, π/4,and π/3) at the optimal volumetric concentration of the nanofluid was also done to determine the impact of the system geometry on the efficacy of the heat removal. It was established that the optimal heat removal is achieved at 2% nanoparticle concentration. Finally, it was also detected that increasing the inclination angle of the solar collector (from 0 to π/3) obstructed the heat removal efficiency.
Implementation of enhanced thermal conductivity approach to an LHTES system with in‐line spherical capsules
Authors: Metin Cagri , Hacipasaoglu Servet Giray , Alptekin Ersin , Ezan Mehmet Akif 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this study, the influences of inlet temperature and velocity of the heat transfer fluid and the capsule material on the performance of a latent heat thermal energy storage unit is numerically investigated. The enhanced thermal conductivity approach is implemented into the ANSYS‐FLUENT software to consider the natural‐convection‐dominated melting process within the capsules. The accuracy of the procedure is checked by comparing the current findings for inward melting against the numerical results from the literature. The comparative results reveal that the proposed approach is successfully incorporated, and the maximum deviation is obtained to be less than 10%. Results of the parametric analyses are represented regarding the first and second laws of the thermodynamics. The time‐wise variations of the melting front, the mean temperature of the phase change material, and the rate of entropy generation are evaluated. Increasing the inlet temperature and velocity of air significantly reduces the time for complete melting. The total time for melting is reduced by half when the inlet temperature of air is increased from Tm + 10 to Tm + 20 and the entropy generation rate increases more than four times. Besides, increasing the air inlet velocity from 0.5 m/s to 3.0 m/s doubles the entropy generation.
Numerical recipes for successfully modeling the phase transitions in thermal energy storage adsorption systems
Authors: Fernandes Marco S. , Brites Gonçalo J. V. N. , Costa José J. , Gaspar Adélio R. , Costa Vítor A. F. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractStrong convergence problems may arise during the dynamic simulation of the phase transitions of adsorption systems subjected to larger and/or random fluctuations of the boundary conditions, which do not follow the conventional cycle sequence (e.g., adsorptive thermal storage systems). This sequence could even be reversed at some instants and its stages not completed. Such convergence problems preclude solving those phase transitions, and thus the successful dynamic simulation of the adsorption systems. A set of numerical procedures for solving those problems is proposed, consisting of a small group of new conditions to be added to the conventional numerical algorithms. Its successful use is demonstrated in the dynamic simulation of a thermal energy storage system provided with an adsorption module, modeled in two distinct but coupled platforms (TRNSYS and MATLAB), for which the convergence difficulties are identified and described. Results indicate successful convergence by applying the proposed methodology, in contrast with the original algorithm, attesting for its capability to overcome the convergence problems that occur during the system's dynamic simulation. This set of numerical recipes can be adapted for other systems' algorithms, or to serve as a basis for its successful dynamic simulation, thus showing a promising and enlarged range of use.