bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why Tajiks Are (Not) Like Arabs: Central Asian Migration into Russia Against the Background of Maghreb Migration into France
Authors: Malakhov Vladimir 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe article aims to compare the conditions of migrants from Central Asia into Russia with that of migrants from the Maghreb into France. Despite many similarities in conditions (related to the experience of social exclusion), there are deep differences. The precarious legal status of the majority of Central Asian newcomers in Russia has prevented them from embarking on an effective struggle for public recognition; this is in sharp contrast with North African newcomers in France who have been engaged in such struggle since the 1980s. In addition, Islam plays different roles in the migrants’ perceptions by host societies and in identification of the migrants themselves. Whereas Islam has become a marker of overarching collective identity among the Maghreb migrants’ descendants, this is not the case with Central Asians in Russia, for whom Islam remains part of their individual identity, rather than the basis of social consolidation and political mobilization.
Radiocarbon Analysis of Methane at the NERC Radiocarbon Facility (East Kilbride)
Authors: Garnett M H , Murray C , Gulliver P , Ascough P L 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTMethane is the second most important anthropogenically produced greenhouse gas, and radiocarbon (14C) analysis is extremely valuable in identifying its age and source in the environment. At the NERC Radiocarbon Facility (East Kilbride, UK) we have developed expertise in analysis of methane 14C concentration and methodological approaches to field sampling over the past 20 years. This has opened a wide range of applications, which have mainly focused on (1) the age and source of methane emitted by peatlands and organic soils (e.g. to quantify the release of ancient carbon), (2) the source of aquatic emissions of methane, and (3) the age of methane generated by amenity and illegal landfill. Many of these scientifically important applications involve challenging sampling and measurement considerations, which our development program has continually aimed to overcome. Here, we describe our current methods, and recent improvements to aid field collection of samples in remote locations. We present the results of tests which (1) show the effectiveness of our methods to remove contaminants, especially CO2, (2) quantify the 14C background contribution, and (3) demonstrate the reliability of metal gas storage canisters for sample storage.
Genre et paix
Authors: Lett Didier 
Published: April 2019

RésuméLe 18 février 1306, un traité de paix est signé entre la cité de Camerino et trois communes voisines (Matelica, San Severino et Fabriano) dans lequel est prévue une série de mariages croisés entre leurs habitants : un échantillon socialement représentatif de cent quarante hommes doivent devenir beaux-frères à travers le transfert de cent quarante femmes. À partir de ce document et de cette clause hors-norme, qui, de plus, ne sera jamais appliquée et ne mettra jamais fin aux hostilités, l’article propose une réflexion sur la manière dont se met en place, dans un contexte historique, documentaire et relationnel spécifique, un régime de genre. En adoptant une approche pragmatique et en privilégiant l’utilisation du concept de genre comme un moyen supplémentaire de lire le social, sont tour à tour étudiés les rôles que les hommes de l’élite assignent aux femmes de leur communauté dans les rituels de réconciliation, les alliances matrimoniales qui font figure de paix en miniature, le dispositif mis en place pour assurer les transferts dotaux et l’octroie de la citoyenneté. Dans ce type de régime, les femmes sont des médiatrices : elles doivent véhiculer la paix dans leur ménage pour que celle-ci se diffuse dans l’ensemble du corps de leur commune et transmettre aux hommes une dot et la citoyenneté pour leur permettre de reproduire une domination.
« Au défaut des mâles »: Genre, succession féodale et idéologie nobiliaire (France, XVIe-XVIIesiècles)
Authors: Steinberg Sylvie 
Published: April 2019

RésuméAux XVIeet XVIIesiècles, les filles de la noblesse française sont appelées à succéder au fief à défaut d’héritier mâle. Au cours du XVIIe siècle, des décisions royales ainsi que la jurisprudence ont tendu à limiter cette possibilité, le critère de masculinité s’imposant, sans toutefois qu’il devienne jamais exclusif. L’examen des débats juridiques qui ont accompagné cette évolution permet de mettre en évidence certaines des mutations idéologiques qu’a connues la noblesse française durant cette période. La montée en puissance de la notion de service, les changements intervenus dans l’administration des preuves de noblesse, l’aspiration à une certaine fermeture de l’ordre sont liés à une conception nouvelle du genre, défini non plus en référence à la place et au rôle que chacun occupe dans la lignée et la fratrie, mais à une identité immuable, définie pour sa part comme une qualité inhérente à la personne, de même que l’est la noblesse elle-même.
Cité et réciprocité
Authors: Verboven Koenraad 
Published: April 2019

RésuméLa nouvelle économie institutionnelle est devenue populaire dans la recherche de l’économie antique depuis une dizaine d’années. Pourtant la notion de « croyances culturelles », qui joue un rôle central dans l’oeuvre de Douglass North et dans les analyses du changement institutionnel par Avner Greif, a été largement ignorée. J’affirme qu’une approche néoinstitutionnelle qui utilise cette notion de « croyances culturelles » offre une meilleure voie pour comprendre l’influence des idéologies et des valeurs morales sur l’économie antique que le modèle de Moses Finley. Des croyances culturelles ne sont pas des contraintes déterministes sur le comportement humain, mais elles aident à orienter les prises de décision et permettent d’anticiper les (ré)actions des autres.J’étudie deux ensembles de normes et de valeurs qui, dans la culture romaine, ont profondément marqué le cadre institutionnel de l’économie. L’un était centré sur la réciprocité. Ses normes et valeurs ont permis de construire et de maintenir des réseaux sociaux au-delà du groupe de lafamiliaétendue avec ses affranchis. Elles étaient à la base du développement de la loi des obligations et de la représentation. L’autre se fondait sur la cité. Il a formé la culture politique en créant des droits et des obligations personnelles et en imposant des demandes légitimes aux élites politiques de défendre ceux-ci et de garantir et de stimuler des intérêts privés et communs. Le droit romain et la justice étaient ses résultats les plus importants. Idéologiquement, l’Empire romain se présentait comme une méta-cité qui incorporait les communautés locales qui, à leur tour, étaient graduellement transformées sur le modèle de la cité.Ces deux ensembles de croyances culturelles ont baissé les coûts de transactions, mais ils n’ont jamais menacé la prééminence de l’aristocratie locale et impériale. Vers la fin du IIe siècle de notre ère, les cités locales se sont affaiblies tandis que l’administration impériale se renforçait. Les aristocraties locales et régionales se sont tournées vers la bureaucratie et l’armée impériales pour maintenir leur rang social, leur influence et leur pouvoir. L’idéologie de la cité comme principe dominant de la culture politique devenait soumise à celle de l’empereur sacral, garant de la justice et de l’ordre divins.
Crédit et filières marchandes au XVIIIesiècle
Authors: Gervais Pierre 
Published: April 2019

RésuméLe crédit marchand au XVIIIesiècle était la principale source de profit des agents économiques. Gérant numéraire, effets de commerce et comptes courants ouverts à leurs clients, des négociants atlantiques, tels Gradis de Bordeaux, qui importait des produits coloniaux (indigo, sucre, café) et exportait vin et farines vers Québec, ouHollingsworth de Philadelphie, un gros marchand de farines et de denrées coloniales, dominaient les marchés locaux grâce à des réseaux de crédit spécialisés intégrant l’échange marchand et des contraintes morales ou sociales. Les analyses weberienne ou en termes d’Homo oeconomicusde ces activités complexes de crédit conduisent à des anachronismes ; l’auteur propose d’adopter une vision plus historicisée de l’activité économique, des réseaux de crédit et de la recherche du profit à l’époque moderne.
Predicting psychosis-spectrum diagnoses in adulthood from social behaviors and neighborhood contexts in childhood
Authors: Hastings Paul D. , Serbin Lisa A. , Bukowski William , Helm Jonathan L. , Stack Dale M. , Dickson Daniel J. , Ledingham Jane E. , Schwartzman Alex E. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractResearch showing that risk for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder with psychosis, and other psychosis-spectrum diagnoses in adulthood is multidetermined has underscored the necessity of studying the additive and interactive factors in childhood that precede and predict future disorders. In this study, risk for the development of psychosis-spectrum disorders was examined in a 2-generation, 30-year prospective longitudinal study of 3,905 urban families against a sociocultural backdrop of changing economic and social conditions. Peer nominations of aggression, withdrawal, and likeability and national census information on neighborhood-level socioeconomic disadvantage in childhood, as well as changes in neighborhood socioeconomic conditions over the lifespan, were examined as predictors of diagnoses of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and other psychosis-spectrum disorders in adulthood relative to developing only nonpsychotic disorders or no psychiatric disorders. Individuals who were both highly aggressive and highly withdrawn were at greater risk for other psychosis-spectrum diagnoses when they experienced greater neighborhood disadvantage in childhood or worsening neighborhood conditions over maturation. Males who were highly aggressive but low on withdrawal were at greater risk for schizophrenia diagnoses. Childhood neighborhood disadvantage predicted both schizophrenia and bipolar diagnoses, regardless of childhood social behavior. Results provided strong support for multiple-domain models of psychopathology, and suggest that universal preventive interventions and social policies aimed at improving neighborhood conditions may be particularly important for decreasing the prevalence of psychosis-spectrum diagnoses in the future.
Perspectives of International Law: Some Examples from Conversations with Judge James Richard Crawford
Authors: Dingle Lesley 
Published: April 2019

AbstractJames Richard Crawford was born in Adelaide in November 1948, where he went to school and eventually graduated from Adelaide University with an LLB and a BA in 1971. His political views were coloured by his country's involvement in the Vietnam War, and these were reflected in his vision of international law, which he researched under Ian Brownlie for his LLD at Oxford (1972–73). The result was his seminal text The Creation of States in International Law. After returning to Australia, James Crawford spent the next 18 years pursuing a career in academia and government legal service, culminating in his occupying the Challis chair at Sydney in 1986. Further recognition of his standing in international law came when Cambridge appointed him to the Whewell Chair in 1992, and the Directorship of the Lauterpacht Centre 1997–2003 and 2006–2009. After 23 years in Cambridge, Professor Crawford was elected to the bench of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in 2015, where, in May 2018, Lesley Dingle recorded nearly 4 hours of conversation with him in his chambers at the Peace Palace. The audio and transcript records of these interviews have been presented in the Eminent Scholars Archive, along with a narrative biography. During his parallel careers, academic and juristic, James Crawford wrote extensively on international law. His works reveal a distinctive vision of the law's legacy and future prospects. In the present article, Lesley Dingle expands on some of the perspectives that underpin this Crawfordian vision of international law, inter alia: historical contingency, human enhancement, the legal polymath, personal priorities, and constraints on ICJ judges.
LexisNexis: the Future of Law Since 1818
Authors: Harper James 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this article, James Harper of LexisNexis UK outlines the company's bi-centenary, and its contribution to the ‘rule of law’. The article will describe the fascinating development of UK law during this period, focusing on key milestones in arguably the largest and most exponential increase in the quantity of English language law the world has seen. It will also outline the range of legal industry innovations which LexisNexis and its companies have spearheaded over the years.
Alpha-tocopherol and contrast-induced nephropathy: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Monami Matteo , Cignarelli Angelo , Pinto Sara , D’Onofrio Luca , Milluzzo Agostino , Miccoli Roberto , Penno Giuseppe , Mannucci Edoardo 
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Background: Contrast–induced nephropathy (CIN) is a relevant cause of acute renal dysfunction and is associated with an increased morbidity and mortality. Purpose: Verify the effect of α-tocopherol pre-treatment on CIN prevention in subjects with chronic kidney disease. Methods: A Medline/Embase and clinicaltrials.gov were searched up to May 1st, 2017. Randomized controlled trials recruiting patients undergoing diagnostic or therapeutic radiocontrast infusion comparing the effect of either oral or i.v. multiple administration of pharmacological dose of α-tocopherol in preventing CIN versus placebo were included. A random-effects model, calculating Mantel-Haenszel odds ratio with 95% confidence interval, was applied to study the effect of α-tocopherol on CIN occurrence. Funnel plot analysis was used to assess publication bias, while agreement within studies was measured by the I2 index and tested with the Q-Cochran test. Results: Out of 242 studies, 4 trials were selected. CIN incidence resulted significantly lower in α-tocopherol compared to placebo group (5.8% vs. 15.4%, MH-OR [95% C.I.] 0.34 [0.19 – 0.59]). Alpha-tocopherol treatment was associated with both a tendential higher eGFR (mean difference 2.19 [95% C.I. -0.41; 4.79] mL/min) and lower creatinine level (mean difference −0.06 [95% C.I. −0.21; 0.09] mg/dl) compared to placebo. No relevant publication bias (p = 0.48) and heterogeneity (I2 = 0%; χ2 = 1.01, df = 3 [p = 0.80], I2 = 0%) were evident. Conclusions: Alpha-tocopherol pre-treatment is associated with reduction of incidence of CIN. Its administration deserves to be further explored as a simple and inexpensive tool for CIN prevention.
Ablation therapy with cyanoacrylate glue and laser for refluxing	great saphenous veins – a prospective randomised study
Authors: Çalık Eyüp Serhat , Arslan Ümit , Erkut Bilgehan 
Published: April 2019

Summary: Background: Endovenous cyanoacrylate ablation is a new technique for the treatment of clinically symptomatic venous insufficiency. The results of a prospective comparative study of cyanoacrylate glue versus endovenous laser ablation for the management of incompetent great saphenous veins are presented. Patients and methods: A total of 400 subjects were treated with cyanoacrylate ablation or endovenous laser ablation between April 2014 and April 2016. The preprocedural, procedural, postprocedural, and follow-up data were recorded and compared. Results: There were 208 procedures in cyanoacrylate ablation group (CAA) and 204 in endovenous laser ablation group (EVLA). Operative time was 13 ± 3.4 minutes in the CAA and 31.7 ± 8.8 minutes in the EVLA (< 0.001). All procedures in both groups were successful, and the target vein segments were fully occluded at the end of the procedure. Periprocedural pain was less in the CAA (< 0.001). Enduration, ecchymosis, and paresthesia rates were significantly higher in the EVLA (< 0.001). The mean length of follow-up was 14 months (range 10–16). The 3, 6 and 12 months closure rates were 97.4%, 95.6%, and 94.1% for EVLA and 98.6%, 97.1% and 96.6% for CAA respectively. In both groups, the Venous Clinical Severity Score and Chronic Venous Insufficiency Quality of Life Questionnaire with declined significantly with no difference between groups. Conclusions: Management of incompetent great saphenous veins both endovenous cyanoacrylate ablation and laser ablation results in high occlusion rates. Endovenous cyanoacrylate ablation technique is fast and simple with low periprocedural pain that does not require tumescent anesthesia and compression stockings.
CH4and CO2Emissions From Mud Volcanoes on the Southern Margin of the Junggar Basin, NW China: Origin, Output, and Relation to Regional Tectonics
Authors: Chen Zhi , Li Ying , Liu Zhaofei , Zheng Guodong , Xu Wang , Yan Wei , Yi Li 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe concentrations, isotope ratios, and fluxes of CH4and CO2from mud volcanoes measured during a field survey on the southern margin of the Junggar Basin are reported. The origins and outputs of CH4and CO2from the four mud volcanoes are assessed, and the relationship between the characteristics of degassing and regional tectonics is discussed. The geochemical data indicate that thermogenic gases derived from the hydrocarbon reservoirs beneath anticlines could be the main source of the CH4emitted from the mud volcanoes and that hydrocarbon degradation by microbes and carbonate decomposition could be the primary contributors to CO2emissions from the soil in and around the mud volcanoes. Microseepage was the main mode of release for CH4and CO2from the mud volcanoes. The total CH4output from the mud volcanoes was 147.83 ton/year, comparable to that from mud volcanoes elsewhere. The total output of CO2from the mud volcanoes was 603.96 ton/year, which suggests that more attention should be paid to CO2from mud volcanoes. The CH4and CO2outputs from the mud volcanoes, and from the Xihu fold in the four anticlines, decreased from south to north. This observation is consistent with the intensity of regional tectonic activity, which weakens from south to north. The results suggest that regional compression is the major triggering mechanism for CH4and CO2emissions from the mud volcanoes.
The Exhumation of Subducted Oceanic‐Derived Eclogites: Insights From Phase Equilibrium and Thermomechanical Modeling
Authors: Wang Yang , Zhang Li‐Fei , Li Zhong‐Hai , Li Qing‐Yun , Bader Thomas 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe dynamical evolution and exhumation mechanisms of oceanic‐derived eclogites are controversial conundrums of oceanic subduction zones. The previous studies indicated that density is the primary factor controlling the exhumation of oceanic rocks. To explore their density evolution, we systematically investigate the phase relations and densities of different rock types in oceanic crust, including mid ocean ridge basalt (MORB), serpentinite, and global subducting sediments (GLOSS). According to the density of eclogites, these currently exposed natural eclogites can be classified into two categories: the self‐exhumation of eclogites (ρMORB < ρMantle) and the carried exhumation of eclogites (ρMORB > ρMantle). The depth limit for an exhumation of oceanic‐derived eclogites solely driven by their own buoyancies is 100–110 km, and it increases with the lithospheric thickness of the overriding plate. The parameters of carried‐exhumation, that is, KGLOSS and KSerp, are defined in order to quantitatively evaluate the assistance ability of GLOSS and serpentinites for carrying the denser eclogites. KGLOSS is mainly controlled by pressure, whereas KSerp is dominantly affected by temperature. Using 2‐D thermomechanical models, we demonstrate that the presences of low‐density, low‐viscosity GLOSS and seafloor serpentinites are the prerequisites for the exhumation of oceanic‐derived eclogites. Our results show that oceanic‐derived eclogites should be stalled and exhumed slowly at the Moho and Conrad discontinuities (named Moho/Conrad stagnation). We propose that oceanic‐derived eclogites should undergo a two‐stage exhumation generally, that is, early fast exhumation driven by buoyancy at mantle levels, and final exposure to surface actuated by tectonic exhumation facilitated by divergence between upper plate and accretionary wedge or by rollback of lower plate.
Inhibition of HtrA2 alleviated dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis by preventing necroptosis of intestinal epithelial cells
Authors: Zhang Chong , He Andong , Liu Shuai , He Qiaoling , Luo Yiqin , He Zhilan , Chen Yujiao , Tao Ailin , Yan Jie 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNecroptosis of intestinal epithelial cells has been indicated to play an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The identification of dysregulated proteins that can regulate necroptosis in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis is the key to the rational design of therapeutic strategies for colitis. Through tandem mass tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomics, HtrA2 was found to be downregulated in the colon of DSS-treated mice. UCF-101, a specific serine protease inhibitor of HtrA2, significantly alleviated DSS-induced colitis as indicated by prevention of body weight loss and decreased mortality. UCF-101 decreased DSS-induced colonic inflammation, prevented intestinal barrier function loss and inhibited necroptosis of intestinal epithelial cells. In vitro, UCF-101 or silencing of HtrA2 decreased necroptosis of HT-29 and L929 cells. UCF-101 decreased phosphorylation of RIPK1 and subsequent phosphorylation of RIPK3 and MLKL during necroptosis. Upon necroptotic stimulation, HtrA2 translocated from mitochondria to cytosol. HtrA2 directly interacted with RIPK1 and promoted its degradation during a specific time phase of necroptosis. Our findings highlight the importance of HtrA2 in regulating colitis by modulation of necroptosis and suggest HtrA2 as an attractive target for anti-colitis treatment.
Achievement motivation modulates Pavlovian aversive conditioning to goal-relevant stimuli
Authors: Stussi Yoann , Ferrero Aude , Pourtois Gilles , Sander David 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPavlovian aversive conditioning is a fundamental form of learning helping organisms survive in their environment. Previous research has suggested that organisms are prepared to preferentially learn to fear stimuli that have posed threats to survival across evolution. Here, we examined whether enhanced Pavlovian aversive conditioning can occur to stimuli that are relevant to the organism’s concerns beyond biological and evolutionary considerations, and whether such preferential learning is modulated by inter-individual differences in affect and motivation. Seventy-two human participants performed a spatial cueing task where the goal-relevance of initially neutral stimuli was experimentally manipulated. They subsequently underwent a differential Pavlovian aversive conditioning paradigm, in which the goal-relevant and goal-irrelevant stimuli served as conditioned stimuli. Skin conductance response was recorded as an index of the conditioned response and participants’ achievement motivation was measured to examine its impact thereon. Results show that achievement motivation modulated Pavlovian aversive learning to goal-relevant vs. goal-irrelevant stimuli. Participants with high achievement motivation more readily acquired a conditioned response to goal-relevant compared with goal-irrelevant stimuli than did participants with lower achievement motivation. However, no difference was found between goal-relevant and goal-irrelevant stimuli during extinction. These findings suggest that stimuli that are detected as relevant to the organism can induce facilitated Pavlovian aversive conditioning even though they hold no inherent threat value and no biological evolutionary significance, and that the occurrence of such learning bias is critically dependent on inter-individual differences in the organism’s concerns, such as achievement motivation.