bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Major, trace, and REE geochemistry of the Meghna River sediments, Bangladesh: Constraints on weathering and provenance
Authors: Hossain H.M. Zakir 
Published: July 2019

The major, trace, and rare earth element (REE) compositions of sediments from the Meghna River in Bangladesh have been examined to infer their sediment type, compositional maturity, chemical weathering intensity, provenance, and tectonic setting. Geochemically, the sediments are classified as litharenites, shale, and wacke. The ICV (Index of Compositional Variability) values (0.92 to 1.10) indicate that the sediments have low compositional and mineralogical maturity. Major and trace element abundances display marked depletion of Na2O, CaO, MgO, K2O, Fe2O3T, Sr, and Ba relative to UCC (upper continental crust), suggesting loss of feldspars during chemical weathering in the source. Zirconium, Th, Ce, and Y are enriched relative to UCC, indicating that these elements are primarily controlled by resistant heavy minerals. The CIA (Chemical Index of Alteration), PIA (Plagioclase Index of Alteration), and Rb/Sr and K2O/Rb ratios of the river sediments suggest low to moderate intensity of chemical weathering in the source area. Chondrite‐normalized REE patterns show that high LREE enrichment, nearly flat HREE fractionation (LaN/YbN = 7.62 to 8.73) and marked negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.49 to 0.69) suggesting a felsic source provenance. Several discriminant function diagrams and immobile trace element ratios (Th/Sc, Zr/Sc, Ce/Sc, and Ti/Zr) and REEs (∑LREE/HREE, Eu/Eu*, and GdN/YbN) parameters indicate that the river sediments were primarily derived from a common felsic source rock, with composition close to the average rhyolite, granodiorite, granite, and UCC. Tectonic setting signatures of the Meghna River sediments are both active continental margin and passive margin environments.
Modulation of local field potentials and neuronal activity in primate hippocampus during saccades
Authors: Doucet Guillaume , Gulli Roberto A. , Corrigan Benjamin W. , Duong Lyndon R. , Martinez‐Trujillo Julio C. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPrimates use saccades to gather information about objects and their relative spatial arrangement, a process essential for visual perception and memory. It has been proposed that signals linked to saccades reset the phase of local field potential (LFP) oscillations in the hippocampus, providing a temporal window for visual signals to activate neurons in this region and influence memory formation. We investigated this issue by measuring hippocampal LFPs and spikes in two macaques performing different tasks with unconstrained eye movements. We found that LFP phase clustering (PC) in the alpha/beta (8–16 Hz) frequencies followed foveation onsets, while PC in frequencies lower than 8 Hz followed spontaneous saccades, even on a homogeneous background. Saccades to a solid grey background were not followed by increases in local neuronal firing, whereas saccades toward appearing visual stimuli were. Finally, saccade parameters correlated with LFPs phase and amplitude: saccade direction correlated with delta (≤4 Hz) phase, and saccade amplitude with theta (4–8 Hz) power. Our results suggest that signals linked to saccades reach the hippocampus, producing synchronization of delta/theta LFPs without a general activation of local neurons. Moreover, some visual inputs co‐occurring with saccades produce LFP synchronization in the alpha/beta bands and elevated neuronal firing. Our findings support the hypothesis that saccade‐related signals enact sensory input‐dependent plasticity and therefore memory formation in the primate hippocampus.
Understanding public health insurance in India: A design perspective
Authors: Maurya Dayashankar 
Published: July 2019

SummaryIt is broadly accepted that health policy is crucially affected by contextual conditions. Yet, little is known about how the context limits the effectiveness of public health insurance (PHI) programs and the extent to which these limitations could be overcome. The objective of the paper is to address these issues on the basis of the examination of 17 PHI schemes introduced by federal and state governments in India since independence. Faced with the challenge of simultaneously expanding insurance coverage while containing costs, governments have overwhelmingly favored the latter. At the same time, governments have lacked the capacity to monitor performance, which has led providers to compromise quality in return for low payment rates. While there have been modest improvements in recent years, reform efforts have been hindered by contextual conditions that constrain the use of measures to control profiteering by for‐profit agencies. The paper argues that system‐wide data on the quality of providers (system‐level operational capacity) and the ability of public agencies to monitor quality and link it with payment (organizational‐level operational capacity) critically determined the program effectiveness. We demonstrate the interaction between contextual variables, program design elements, and policy capacity linking to performance, arguing for a broader approach to understand PHI performance. We extend the present frameworks on PHI effectiveness that have narrowly focused on the design of health financing functions without factoring unfavorable context and limited policy capacity in developing countries. The paper contributes to improving PHI performance operating in unfavorable contextual conditions in India and elsewhere.
Finite difference Legendre wavelet collocation method applied to the study of heat mass transfer during food drying
Authors: Upadhyay Subrahamanyam , Singh Vineet K. , Rai K. N. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we studied a single‐phase‐lag model of heat and moisture transfer in a finite slab, cylinder or sphere, undergoing industrial drying of foods. The present model is a boundary value problem of a system of two nonlinear second‐order hyperbolic partial differential equations. The solution of the present is model obtained by using finite difference Legendre wavelet collocation (FDLWCM) and Galerkin methods. In case of constant moisture diffusivity, we observe that the finite difference Legendre wavelet Galerkin and collocation solutions are exactly the same. Laplace transform and FDLWCM solutions are approximately the same. The L
2 norm error decreases as Legendre wavelet basis functions increases and strip size decreases. The
L
2 norm relative error increases as Luikov number increases.
L
2 norm relative error is highest in cylindrical shape and lowest in slab shape while in between spherical shape. The effects of the dimensionless parameters of heat and mass transfer are discussed in detail.
Natural convection in a triangular cavity filled with air under the effect of external air stream cooling
Authors: Saleem Khalid B. , Alshara Ahmed K. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNatural convection in a triangular cavity filled with air is investigated numerically. In this paper, the cavity is exposed to air stream cooling exerted on its sides and it is heated by a fixed heat flux from the base. The air inside the cavity is assumed to be laminar and obeying Boussinesq approximation. The governing equations are solved numerically using the finite volume technique with SIMPLE algorithm. The results are achieved with a range of Rayleigh number (104 < Ra < 107), free stream Reynolds number (103 < Re∞ < 1.5 × 104), four aspect ratios (AR = 0.25, 0.5, 0.866, and 1) and five inclination angles (ϕ = 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°). The influence of these parameters is displayed on the stream function, isotherms lines, local and average Nusselt numbers. The results reveal that the heat transfer rate increases as Rayleigh number, free stream Reynolds number and AR increase. The highest heat transfer rate is obtained at ϕ = 0° while the lowest one is obtained at ϕ = 90°. Furthermore, as the AR augments, the local and average Nusselt numbers are enhanced and the stream function is formed of two symmetric counter‐rotating vortices.
MUC‐1 aptamer targeted superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for magnetic resonance imaging of pancreatic cancer in vivo and in vitro experiment
Authors: Zou Qi , Zhang Chong‐Jie , Yan Yu‐Zhong , Min Zhi‐Jun , Li Chun‐Sheng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study aims to explore the ability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in mucin 1 (MUC1) modified superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION) targeting human pancreatic cancer (PC). The MUC1 target‐directed probe was prepared through MUC1 conjugated to SPION using the chemical method to assess its physiochemical characteristics, including hydration diameter, surface charge, and magnetic resonance signal. The cytotoxicity of MUC1‐USPION was verified by MTS assay. BxPC‐3 was cultured with MUC1‐USPION and SPION in different concentrations. The combined condition of the targeted probes and cells were observed through Prussian blue staining. The nude mice model of pancreatic cancer was established to investigate the application of the probe. MRI was performed to determine the intensity of the signal of the transplanted tumor, while immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis were performed to detect the expression of MUC1 after taking the transplanted tumor specimen. The particle size of the prepared molecular probe was 63.5 ± 3.2 nm, and the surface charge was 10.2 mV. Furthermore, the probe solution could significantly reduce the MRI at T2, and the magnetic resonance transverse relaxation rate (ΔR2) has a linear relationship with the concentration of iron in the solution. The cell viability of MUC1‐USPION in different concentrations revealed no statistical difference, according to the MTS assay. In vitro, the MRI demonstrated decreased T2WI signal intensity in both groups, especially the targeting group. In vivo, MUC1 could selectively accumulate in the nude mice model, and significantly reduce the T2 signal strength. In subsequent experiments, the expression of MUC1 was high in pancreatic cancer tissues, but low in normal pancreatic tissues, as determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. The prepared samples can be combined with pancreatic cancer tissue specificity by in vivo imaging, providing reliable early in vivo imaging data for disease diagnosis.
Exosomes derived from oviduct cells mediate the EGFR/MAPK signaling pathway in cumulus cells
Authors: Lee Seok Hee , Oh Hyun Ju , Kim Min Jung , Lee Byeong Chun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCurrent studies indicate that application of oviduct cells (OCs) in in vitro system create microenvironment similar to the in vivo conditions by releasing multiple growth factors which has beneficial effects on the development of cumulus‐oocyte complexes and embryos. In particular, recent evidence with a coculture system indicates that there is a reciprocal relationship between canine OCs and cumulus cells and that oviductal secretions can promote changes in cellular protein/gene expression. Despite the fact that OCs respond to cumulus cells, a clear understanding of the mechanism by which the components released from OCs that play a role in modulating the biological function of cumulus cells is still elusive. Therefore, we hypothesized that exosomes derived from OCs (OC‐Exo), which efficiently mediate cellular communication by transferring their molecular cargo to recipient cells, could be key modulators of the cross‐talk with cumulus cells. We aimed to characterize OC‐Exo and decipher their physiological effects on cumulus cells via the epidermal growth factor receptor/mitogen‐activated protein kinase (EGFR/MAPK) pathway, which is one of the prerequisite pathways for cell development. Exposure of OC‐Exo improved physiological cumulus cell condition including cell concentration, viability, and proliferation rate could reduce the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and the apoptotic rate. Moreover, exosomes could enhance the messenger RNA transcript and protein levels related to EGFR signaling in cumulus cells. The present study provides the first evidence that OC‐Exo effectively enhance the physiological condition of cumulus cells exposed to GW4869 or Gefitinib via the EGFR/MAPK signaling pathway and this could be the primary mediators of molecular interactions among cumulus cells and shedding light on the role of exosomes in cumulus cells might permit improvement of oocyte and embryo development in vitro.
Microstructural modification of organo‐montmorillonite with Gemini surfactant containing four ammonium cations: molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and adsorption capacity for copper ions
Authors: Chu Yuting , Khan Muhammad Asim , Zhu Sidi , Xia Mingzhu , Lei Wu , Wang Fengyun , Xu Ying 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDCopper is a heavy metal that is widely available in nature and has attracted people's attention because of its toxicity and difficult biodegradability. Using modified montmorillonite to adsorb copper ions (Cu2+) was widely adopted because of its simple operation, high efficiency, and easy availability.RESULTSNa‐montmorillonite (Na‐Mt) was modified through a Gemini surfactant (containing four ammonium cations) to explore the adsorption capacity for Cu2+ in aqueous media. The resulting product is called G‐Mt. FT‐IR XRDBET results indicated that Gemini surfactant has significantly intercalated into the montmorillonite interlayers. The results ofbatch adsorption experiments presented that the amount of adsorbed (qe) depend on pH value and qe (G‐Mt) can reach to 29.30 mg/g, which was greater than that of Na‐Mt (25.30 mg/g) when pH is 6.0 and initial Cu2+ concentration is 75 mg/L. The experimental data matched well with Langmuir isotherm. The thermodynamic analysis implied that adsorption of Cu2+ was endothermic and a spontaneous process. Molecular dynamics (MD) models were carried out to investigate the microstructure and kinetic information of Gemini cations in the interlayer of G‐Mt. The results elucidated that the distribution and interaction characteristic of ammonium cations of Gemini surfactant including four ammonium cations were completely different from that of the quaternary ammonium salts containing asingle ammonium cation.CONCLUSIONGenerally, considering the comprehensive performances, polyamine Gemini surfactant to modify montmorillonite can improve its ability to adsorb Cu2+. The micro environment in the interlayer space and adsorption properties of G‐Mt on Cu2+, which will improve the potential utilization of G‐Mt in soil remediation or wastewater treatment. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparative study on extraction methods of threshold voltage for thin‐film transistors
Authors: Bai Ziheng , Shi Xuewen , Wang Jiawei , Lu Nianduan , Duan Xinlv , Yang Guanhua , Dong Chaofang , Xiao Kui , Li Ling 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this work, we proposed three methods on extracting threshold voltage of ploy‐silicon thin‐film transistors, such as, extrapolation of the linear region, transconductance linear extrapolation, and second derivation. Based on these different methods, one can extract various values of threshold voltages, as well as their temperature dependence. In room temperature, the second derivation method is the most appropriate for thin‐film transistors. More remarkably, the different methods show the different temperature dependence of mobility, corresponding to different charge transport mechanisms. That is, hopping dominates the transport mechanism for extrapolation of the linear region method, while it will occur to transform from band‐like to hopping mechanism for the second derivative method.
Predicting the extent of nodal involvement for node positive breast cancer patients: Development and validation of a novel tool
Authors: van den Hoven Ingrid , van Klaveren David , Verheuvel Nicole C. , van la Parra Raquel F. D. , Voogd Adri C. , de Roos Wilfred K. , Bosscha Koop , Heuts Esther M. , Tjan‐Heijnen Vivianne C. G. , Roumen Rudi M. H. , Steyerberg Ewout W. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to develop an easy to use prediction model to predict the risk of having a total of 1 to 2, ≥3, or ≥4 positive axillary lymph nodes (LNs), for patients with sentinel lymph node (SLN) positive breast cancer.MethodsData of 911 SLN positive breast cancer patients were used for model development. The model was validated externally in an independent population of 180 patients with SLN positive breast cancer.ResultsFinal pathology after ALND showed additional positive LN for 259 (28%) of the patients. A total of 726 (81%) out of 911 patients had a total of 1 to 2 positive nodes, whereas 175 (19%) had ≥3 positive LNs. The model included three predictors: the tumor size (in mm), the presence of a negative SLN, and the size of the SLN metastases (in mm). At external validation, the model showed a good discriminative ability (area under the curve = 0.82; 95% confidence interval = 0.74‐0.90) and good calibration over the full range of predicted probabilities.ConclusionThis new and validated model predicts the extent of nodal involvement in node‐positive breast cancer and will be useful for counseling patients regarding their personalized axillary treatment.
Motivations of tourism‐induced mobility: Tourism development and the pursuit of the Chinese dream
Authors: Zhou Lingxu , Chan Eric S.W. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLess developed areas face the challenge of attracting and sustaining various forms of capital for tourism development. This study examines the motivations and experiences of migrant employees and entrepreneurs in the context of tourism development in rural China. In‐depth interviews with migrant employees and entrepreneurs revealed that they were motivated by economic, sociocultural, and intrinsic factors to enter the tourism industry and strive towards personal achievement. Tourism development offers opportunities for individuals in pursuit of the Chinese dream, suggestions are made on the strategic planning of tourism and providing more administrative support to improve tourism supply‐induced mobility.
Influence of land management on soil erosion, connectivity, and sediment delivery in agricultural catchments: Closing the sediment budget
Authors: Sherriff Sophie C. , Rowan John S. , Fenton Owen , Jordan Phil , Ó hUallacháin Daire 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAgricultural land, and arable farming in particular, is commonly associated with increased soil erosion risk. Such systems are most vulnerable during low groundcover periods, but downstream delivery is ultimately controlled by connectivity. This study provides a catchment‐scale sediment budget integrating three discrete but complementary investigations spanning different temporal and spatial scales. The first gives details on suspended sediment fluxes at the catchment outlet (2009–2012). The second provenances sources of fluxes using quantitative sediment fingerprinting. The third sets recent data in a multidecadal (60‐year) context using radiometric (137Cs) field‐scale soil loss estimates. The catchment observatory (11 km2) is low relief with predominantly well‐drained soils and dominated by spring‐sown cereal cropping through the study period. Modelling 137Cs inventory losses across 30 fields provided a catchment‐wide mean soil loss of 2.0 Mg ha−1 yr−1. Although such rates are not atypical of intensively managed agriculture across Europe, they are considerably higher than contemporary sediment export yields of 0.12 Mg ha−1 yr−1 of which fingerprinting revealed that contemporary slope erosion contributed less than 25% (0.03 Mg ha−1 yr−1). No evidence of floodplain or in‐channel sediment storage was consistent with disconnectivity. Instead, it is hypothesised that soil loss is associated with coextraction from root crop harvesting of previously widespread sugar beet crops. Considering that the highest mass‐specific 137Cs concentration occurred during the 1960s, there appears to have been significant depletion of the cumulative 137Cs inventory where root crop harvesting occurred as compared with atmospheric fallout ‘reference sites.' The study highlights the value of multiple methodologies when seeking to understand legacy issues within agricultural catchment settings.
Potential of artificial grasslands in crop rotation for improving farmland soil quality
Authors: Cui Zeng , Liu Yu , Huang Ze , He Honghua , Wu Gao‐Lin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn the long‐term improper agricultural activities can result in soil compaction, which is accompanied by a series of problems. Artificial grasslands with high economic benefits and environmental efficiencies are suitable for cultivation in semiarid areas. It is necessary to explore whether artificial grasslands could be used as crop rotation to improve compacted farmland. In this study, five typical artificial grasslands (Miscanthus sinensis, Medicago sativa, Panicum virgatum, Trifolium repens, and Bromus inermis) and bare farmland were selected to compare relevant indicators of soil physical properties (SPP), soil organic carbon (SOC), soil water storage (SWS), and aboveground biomass via field observations. B. inermis and T. repens with high depth‐averaged SOC (10.14 and 9.81 g kg−1, respectively) had significant effects on the improvement of SPP, but such effects were limited by their low biomass yield (2,208.9 and 1,831.3 kg ha−1, respectively). In contrast, P. virgatum improved SPP and increased SOC while maintaining higher biomass yield (25028.5 kg ha−1) and SWS (1,534.79 mm). In conclusion, artificial grasslands with high environmental efficiencies improved soil quality and could be considered as feasible and suitable rotation species to increase land productivity and promote sustainable agricultural management. Furthermore, P. virgatum with higher biomass yield and SWS might be a feasible and suitable choice on the basis of its potential to improve soil quality in semiarid regions.
Moxifloxacin Labeling‐Based Multiphoton Microscopy of Skin Cancers in Asians
Authors: Chang Hoonchul , Jang Won Hyuk , Lee Seunghun , Kim Bumju , Kim Myoung Joon , Kim Won Oh , Ryoo Young Wook , Oh Byung Ho , Kim Ki Hean 
Published: July 2019

Background and ObjectivesAlthough multiphoton microscopy (MPM) can visualize both cell and extracellular matrix (ECM) structures of the skin in high‐contrast without exogenous labeling, label‐free MPM is usually too slow to image clinically relevant large regions. A high‐speed MPM method would be beneficial for evaluating clinical skin specimens by increasing the imaging area. In this study, moxifloxacin labeling‐based MPM (moxifloxacin MPM) was characterized in various human skin cancer specimens.Study Design/Materials and MethodsMoxifloxacin ophthalmic solution was used for cell‐labeling and MPM imaging was conducted afterwards. Moxifloxacin MPM was characterized in ex vivo normal human skin and skin cancer specimens in comparison with the label‐free MPM and fluorescence confocal microscopy (FCM) using acridine orange as a labeling agent. Then, moxifloxacin MPM was applied to various
ex vivo human skin cancer specimens including basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP). Results of moxifloxacin MPM were compared with bright‐field clinical and histopathologic findings.ResultsMoxifloxacin MPM imaged both cells and collagen in the skin, similarly to label‐free MPM, but with enhanced fluorescence intensities in cells and enhanced imaging speeds. Moxifloxacin MPM imaged cells in the skin similarly to acridine orange‐based FCM. Moxifloxacin MPM of various human skin cancer specimens imaged their specific cellular features. The microscopic features detected in moxifloxacin MPM were confirmed with histological images.ConclusionsThis observational pilot study demonstrated that moxifloxacin MPM could detect specific cellular features of various skin cancers in good correlation with histopathological images in Asian patients at the higher imaging speed than label‐free MPM. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.