bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined use of O3/H2O2 and O3/Mn2+ in flotation of dairy wastewater
Authors: Carvalho Marta Cristina Silva , Borges Alisson Carraro , Pereira Magno Dos Santos , Heleno Fernanda Fernandes , Faroni Leda Rita D´Antonino , Campos Luiza Cintra 
Published: April 2018

This work investigated the degradation of organic matter present in synthetic dairy wastewater by the combination of ozonation (ozone (O3)/hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)) and catalytic ozonation (ozone (O3)/manganese (Mn2+)) associated with dispersed air flotation process. The effect of independent factors such as O3 concentration, pH and H2O2 and Mn2+ concentration was evaluated. For the flotation/O3/H2O2 treatment, the significant variables (p ≤ 0.05) were: O3 concentration (linear and quadratic effect), H2O2 concentration linear and quadratic effect, pH values (linear and quadratic effect) and interaction O3 concentration versus pH. For catalytic ozonation, it was observed that the significant variable was the linear effect of O3 concentration. According to the desirability function, it was concluded that the optimal condition for the treatment of flotation/O3/H2O2 can be obtained in acidic solution using O3 concentrations greater than 42.9 mg L-1 combined with higher concentrations of H2O2 to 1071.5 mg L-1. On other hand, at pH values higher than 9.0, the addition of O3 may be neglected when using higher concentrations than 1071.5 mg L-1 of H2O2. For flotation/ozonation catalyzed by Mn2+, it was observed that metal addition did not affect treatment, resulting in an optimum condition: 53.8 mg L-1 of O3 and pH 3.6.
Existing Without Consent: American History and the Judge in Cormac McCarthy'sBlood Meridian
Authors: Brown Lauren 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis article offers a New Americanist reading that unites the theoretical implications of violence with its political effects to explain how some “ungrievable,” unassimilable populations not only survived historical violence like that which McCarthy chronicles in Blood Meridian, but persisted—even into the present—as living testimonials whose very existence contradicts the implicit narrative created by the judge and the exceptionalist U.S. social, political, and historical narrative he symbolically records and controls. The author argues that McCarthy's novel offers insight about how subaltern counternarratives are possible despite the judge's totalizing gaze and control. Furthermore, it illustrates how autonomous individuals like the kid can evade the violence of the nation-state's totalizing power by refusing to consent to their own subjection.
“Mapping for Rights”: Indigenous Peoples, Litigation and Legal Empowerment
Authors: Gilbert Jeremie , Begbie-Clench Ben 
Published: April 2018

“Mapping for Rights”: Indigenous Peoples, Litigation and Legal Empowerment
In the process of adjudication and litigation, indigenous peoples are usually facing a very complex and demanding process to prove their rights to their lands and ancestral territories. Courts and tribunals usually impose a very complex and onerous burden of proof on the indigenous plaintiffs to prove their rights over their ancestral territories. To prove their rights indigenous peoples often have to develop map of their territories to prove their economic, cultural, and spiritual connections to their territories. This article reflects on the role played by the mapping of indigenous territories in supporting indigenous peoples’ land claims. It analyses the importance of mapping within the process of litigation, but also its the impact beyond the courtroom.
Aboriginal Title and Alternative Cartographies
Authors: Anker Kirsten 
Published: April 2018

Aboriginal Title and Alternative Cartographies
Indigenous claims have challenged a number of orthodoxies within state legal systems, one of them being the kinds of proof that can be admissible. In Canada, the focus has been on the admissibility and weight of oral traditions and histories. However, these novel forms are usually taken as alternative means of proving a set of facts that are not in themselves “cultural”, for example, the occupation by a group of people of an area of land that constitutes Aboriginal title. On this view, maps are a neutral technology for representing culturally different interests within those areas. Through Indigenous land use studies, claimants have been able to deploy the powerful symbolic capital of cartography to challenge dominant assumptions about “empty” land and the kinds of uses to which it can be put. There is a risk, though, that Indigenous understandings of land are captured or misrepresented by this technology, and that what appears neutral is in fact deeply implicated in the colonial project and occidental ideas of property. This paper will explore the possibilities for an alternative cartography suggested by digital technologies, by Indigenous artists, and by maps beyond the visual order.
Adjudication and Its Aftereffects in Three Inter-American Court Cases Brought against Paraguay: Indigenous Land Rights
Authors: Correia Joel E. 
Published: April 2018

Adjudication and Its Aftereffects in Three Inter-American Court Cases Brought against Paraguay: Indigenous Land Rights
This paper examines three Inter-American Court (IACtHR) cases on behalf of the Enxet-Sur and Sanapana claims for communal territory in Paraguay. I argue that while the adjudication of the cases was successful, the aftereffects of adjudication have produced new legal geographies that threaten to undermine the advances made by adjudication. Structured in five parts, the paper begins with an overview of the opportunities and challenges to Indigenous rights in Paraguay followed by a detailed discussion of the adjudication of the Yakye Axa, Sawhoyamaxa, and Xákmok Kásek cases. Next, I draw from extensive ethnographic research investigating these cases in Paraguay to consider how implementation actually takes place and with what effects on the three claimant communities. The paper encourages a discussion between geographers and legal scholars, suggesting that adjudication only leads to greater social justice if it is coupled with effective and meaningful implementation.
How to Get Free HTTPS Certificates from Let's Encrypt
Authors: Robinson Mike 
Published: April 2018

There has been a push by many organizations in recent years to move all websites from non-secure HTTP to the more secure HTTPS protocol. Let's Encrypt is a new certificate authority that provides both free HTTPS certificates and tools to easily install them. Let's Encrypt can be easily installed on a variety of library servers. Vendors and content providers in the library world should begin integrating support for Let's Encrypt into their products and services.
Privacy Policies and Practices with Cloud-Based Services in Public Libraries: An Exploratory Case of BiblioCommons
Authors: Kritikos Katie Chamberlain , Zimmer Michael 
Published: April 2018

Public libraries are increasingly turning to cloud-based and Library 2.0 solutions to provide patrons more user-focused, interactive, and social platforms from which to explore and use library resources. These platforms – such as BiblioCommons – often rely on the collection and aggregation of patron data, and have the potential to disrupt longstanding ethical norms within librarianship dedicated to protecting patron privacy. This article reports on the results of a pilot research study investigating how libraries are implementing third-party cloud computing services, how these implementations might impact patron privacy, and how libraries are responding to these concerns. The results of this research provide insights to guide the development of a set of best practices for future implementations of cloud-based Library 2.0 platforms in public library settings.
Coccolith arrangement follows Eulerian mathematics in the coccolithophoreEmiliania huxleyi
Authors: Xu Kai , Hutchins David , Gao Kunshan 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundThe globally abundant coccolithophore,Emiliania huxleyi, plays an important ecological role in oceanic carbon biogeochemistry by forming a cellular covering of plate-like CaCO3crystals (coccoliths) and fixing CO2. It is unknown how the cells arrange different-sized coccoliths to maintain full coverage, as the cell surface area of the cell changes during daily cycle.MethodsWe used Euler’s polyhedron formula and CaGe simulation software, validated with the geometries of coccoliths, to analyze and simulate the coccolith topology of the coccosphere and to explore the arrangement mechanisms.ResultsThere were only small variations in the geometries of coccoliths, even when the cells were cultured under variable light conditions. Because of geometric limits, small coccoliths tended to interlock with fewer and larger coccoliths, and vice versa. Consequently, to sustain a full coverage on the surface of cell, each coccolith was arranged to interlock with four to six others, which in turn led to each coccosphere contains at least six coccoliths.ConclusionThe number of coccoliths per coccosphere must keep pace with changes on the cell surface area as a result of photosynthesis, respiration and cell division. This study is an example of natural selection following Euler’s polyhedral formula, in response to the challenge of maintaining a CaCO3covering on coccolithophore cells as cell size changes.
Signature‐Domain Calibration of Hydrological Models Using Approximate Bayesian Computation: Empirical Analysis of Fundamental Properties
Authors: Fenicia Fabrizio , Kavetski Dmitri , Reichert Peter , Albert Carlo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis study investigates Bayesian signature‐domain inference of hydrological models using Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) algorithms, and compares it to “traditional” time‐domain inference. Our focus is on the quantification of predictive uncertainty in the streamflow time series and on understanding the information content of particular combinations of signatures. A combination of synthetic and real data experiments using conceptual rainfall‐runoff models is employed. Synthetic experiments demonstrate: (i) the general consistency of signature and time‐domain inferences, (ii) the ability to estimate streamflow error model parameters (reliably quantify streamflow uncertainty) even when calibrating in the signature domain, and (iii) the potential robustness of signature‐domain inference when the (probabilistic) hydrological model is misspecified (e.g., by unaccounted timing errors). The experiments also suggest limitations of the signature‐domain approach in terms of information loss when general (nonsufficient) statistics are used, and increased computational costs incurred by the ABC implementation. Real data experiments confirm the viability of Bayesian signature‐domain inference and its general consistency with time‐domain inference in terms of predictive uncertainty quantification. In addition, we demonstrate the utility of the flashiness index for the estimation of streamflow error parameters, and show that signatures based on the Flow Duration Curve alone are insufficient to calibrate parameters controlling streamflow dynamics. Overall, the study further establishes signature‐domain inference (implemented using ABC) as a promising method for comparing the information content of hydrological signatures, for prediction under data‐scarce conditions, and, under certain circumstances, for mitigating the impact of deficiencies in the formulation of the predictive model.
Using Tidal Fluctuation‐Induced Dynamics of Radium Isotopes (224Ra, 223Ra, and 228Ra) to Trace the Hydrodynamics and Geochemical Reactions in a Coastal Groundwater Mixing Zone
Authors: Liu Yi , Jiao Jiu Jimmy , Liang Wenzhao , Luo Xin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe reactive transport of radium isotopes (224Ra, 223Ra, and 228Ra) in coastal groundwater mixing zones (CGMZs) is sensitive to shifts of redox conditions and geochemical reactions induced by tidal fluctuation. This study presents a spatial distribution and temporal variation of radium isotopes in the CGMZ for the first time. Results show that the activity of radium isotopes in the upper saline plume (USP) is comparatively low due to a short residence time and mixing loss induced by the infiltration of low radium seawater whereas the activity of radium isotopes in the salt wedge (SW) is comparatively high due to a long residence time in the aquifer. The spatial distribution of radium isotopes is determined by the partitioning of radium isotopes, groundwater residence time, and relative ingrowth rates of radium isotopes. In addition, the variation of radium isotopes in the USP lags slightly (∼0 h) whereas the fluctuation of radium isotopes in the SW lags significantly (∼12 h) behind sea level oscillation. Tidal fluctuation affects the partitioning of radium isotopes through controlling seawater infiltration and subsequently influences the dynamics of radium isotopes in the USP. Concurrently, seawater infiltration significantly affects geochemical processes such as the production of nutrients and total alkalinity. Therefore, radium dynamics in the USP have implications for these geochemical processes. The variation of radium isotopes in the USP also has potential implications for transformation of trace metals such as iron and manganese because of the close affinity of radium isotopes to manganese and iron oxides.
The best of both worlds? A review of delayed selfing in flowering plants
Authors: Goodwillie Carol , Weber Jennifer J. 
Published: April 2018

Premise of StudyIn a seminal body of theory, Lloyd showed that the fitness consequences of selfing will depend on its timing in anthesis. Selfing that occurs after opportunities for outcrossing or pollen dispersal can provide reproductive assurance when pollinators are limited and is expected to incur little cost, even when inbreeding depression is high. As a result, delayed selfing is often interpreted as a “best‐of‐both‐worlds” mating system that combines the advantages of selfing and outcrossing.MethodsWe surveyed 65 empirical studies of delayed selfing, recording floral mechanisms and examining information on inbreeding depression, autofertility, and other parameters to test the support for delayed selfing as a best‐of‐both‐worlds strategy.Key ResultsPhylogenetic distribution of the diverse floral mechanisms suggests that some basic floral structures may predispose plant taxa to evolve delayed selfing. Delayed selfing appears to serve as a best‐of‐both‐worlds strategy in some but not all species. While the capacity for autonomous selfing is often high, it is lower, in some cases, than in related species with earlier modes of selfing. In other delayed‐selfers, low inbreeding depression and reduced investment in corollas and pollen suggest limited benefits from outcrossing.ConclusionsDespite a growing literature on the subject, experimental evidence for delayed selfing is limited and major gaps in knowledge remain, particularly with respect to the stability of delayed selfing and the conditions that may favor transitions between delayed and earlier selfing. Finally, we suggest a potential role of delayed selfing in facilitating transitions from self‐incompatibility to selfing.
The epilepsy phenotypic spectrum associated with a recurrent CUX2 variant
Authors: Chatron Nicolas , Møller Rikke S. , Champaigne Neena L. , Schneider Amy L. , Kuechler Alma , Labalme Audrey , Simonet Thomas , Baggett Lauren , Bardel Claire , Kamsteeg Erik‐Jan , Pfundt Rolph , Romano Corrado , Aronsson Johan , Alberti Antonino , Vinci Mirella , Miranda Maria J. , Lacroix Amy , Marjanovic Dragan , des Portes Vincent , Edery Patrick , Wieczorek Dagmar , Gardella Elena , Scheffer Ingrid E. , Mefford Heather , Sanlaville Damien , Carvill Gemma L. , Lesca Gaetan 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveCut homeodomain transcription factor CUX2 plays an important role in dendrite branching, spine development, and synapse formation in layer II to III neurons of the cerebral cortex. We identify a recurrent de novo CUX2 p.Glu590Lys as a novel genetic cause for developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE).MethodsThe de novo p.Glu590Lys variant was identified by whole‐exome sequencing (n = 5) or targeted gene panel (n = 4). We performed electroclinical and imaging phenotyping on all patients.ResultsThe cohort comprised 7 males and 2 females. Mean age at study was 13 years (0.5–21.0). Median age at seizure onset was 6 months (2 months to 9 years). Seizure types at onset were myoclonic, atypical absence with myoclonic components, and focal seizures. Epileptiform activity on electroencephalogram was seen in 8 cases: generalized polyspike‐wave (6) or multifocal discharges (2). Seizures were drug resistant in 7 or controlled with valproate (2). Six patients had a DEE: myoclonic DEE (3), Lennox‐Gastaut syndrome (2), and West syndrome (1). Two had a static encephalopathy and genetic generalized epilepsy, including absence epilepsy in 1. One infant had multifocal epilepsy. Eight had severe cognitive impairment, with autistic features in 6. The p.Glu590Lys variant affects a highly conserved glutamine residue in the CUT domain predicted to interfere with CUX2 binding to DNA targets during neuronal development.InterpretationPatients with CUX2 p.Glu590Lys display a distinctive phenotypic spectrum, which is predominantly generalized epilepsy, with infantile‐onset myoclonic DEE at the severe end and generalized epilepsy with severe static developmental encephalopathy at the milder end of the spectrum. Ann Neurol 2018;83:926–934
γ‐Herringbone Polymorph of 6,13‐Bis(trimethylsilylethynyl)pentacene: A Potential Material for Enhanced Hole Mobility
Authors: Bhat Vinayak , Gopan Gopika , Nair Nanditha G. , Hariharan Mahesh 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe introduction of the trialkylsilylethynyl group to the acene core is known to predominantly transform the herringbone structure of pentacene to a slip‐stacked packing. However, herein, the occurrence of an unforeseen polymorph of 6,13‐bis(trimethylsilylethynyl)pentacene (TMS‐pentacene), with an atypical γ‐herringbone packing arrangement, is reported. Intermolecular noncovalent interactions in the γ‐herringbone polymorph are determined from Hirshfeld surface and quantum theory of atoms‐in‐molecules (QTAIM) analyses. Furthermore, a comparative truncated symmetry‐adapted perturbation theory (SAPT(0)) energy decomposition analysis discloses the role of exchange repulsions that govern molecular packing in the γ‐herringbone polymorph. Moreover, the computationally predicted electronic coupling and anisotropic mobility reveal the possibility of enhanced hole transport (μh=3.7 cm2 V−1 s−1) in the γ‐herringbone polymorph, in contrast to the reported polymorph with a hole mobility ofμh=0.1 cm2 V−1 s−1.
Exploring the Genetic Landscape of Metabolic Phenotypes with MetaboSignal
Authors: Rodriguez‐Martinez Andrea , Ayala Rafael , Posma Joram M. , Dumas Marc‐Emmanuel 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMetaboSignal is an R/Bioconductor package designed to explore the relationships between genes and metabolites, using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) as its primary database. It is a network‐based approach that allows overlaying metabolic and signaling pathways and exploring the topological relationship between genes (signaling or metabolic genes) and metabolites. MetaboSignal is ideally suited to identify candidate genes in metabolome genome‐wide association studies (mGWAS), particularly in the case of trans‐acting associations. It can also be used to provide mechanistic explanations of perturbed metabolic patterns observed in genetic models, as well as to identify novel target metabolic pathways of signaling genes. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Leveraging Experimental Details for an Improved Understanding of Host‐Pathogen Interactome
Authors: Ammari Mais , McCarthy Fiona , Nanduri Bindu 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAn increasing proportion of curated host‐pathogen interaction (HPI) information is becoming available in interaction databases. These data represent detailed, experimentally‐verified, molecular interaction data, which may be used to better understand infectious diseases. By their very nature, HPIs are context dependent, where the outcome of two proteins as interacting or not depends on the precise biological conditions studied and approaches used for identifying these interactions. The associated biology and the technical details of the experiments identifying interacting protein molecules are increasing being curated using defined curation standards but are overlooked in current HPI network modeling. Given the increase in data size and complexity, awareness of the process and variables included in HPI identification and curation, and their effect on data analysis and interpretation is crucial in understanding pathogenesis. We describe the use of HPI data for network modeling, aspects of curation that can help researchers to more accurately model specific infection conditions, and provide examples to illustrate these principles. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Visualizing Autophagic Lysosome Reformation in Cells Using In Vitro Reconstitution Systems
Authors: Chen Yang , Su Qian Peter , Sun Yujie , Yu Li 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAutophagy is a lysosome‐based degradation pathway. Autophagic lysosome reformation (ALR) is a lysosomal membrane recycling process that marks the terminal step of autophagy. During ALR, LAMP1‐positive tubules, named reformation tubules, are extruded from autolysosomes, and nascent lysosomes are generated from these tubules. By combining proteomic analysis of purified autolysosomes and RNA interference screening of identified candidates, we systematically elucidated the ALR pathway at the molecular level. Based on the key components clathrin, PtdIns(4,5)P2, and the motor protein KIF5B, among others, we reconstituted this process in vitro. This unit describes a detailed method for visualizing ALR in cells during the autophagy process. This unit also present a protocol for reconstituting the ALR tubular protrusion and elongation process in vitro and three methods for preparing materials for in vitro reconstitution: (1) autolysosome purification from cultured cells, (2) liposome preparation, and (3) KIF5B purification and quality testing. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Prospective cohort study comparing outcomes between vacuum extraction and second‐stage cesarean delivery at a Ugandan tertiary referral hospital
Authors: Nolens Barbara , Namiiro Flavia , Lule John , van den Akker Thomas , van Roosmalen Jos , Byamugisha Josaphat 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo compare maternal and perinatal outcomes between vacuum extraction and second‐stage cesarean delivery (SSCD).MethodsThe present observational cohort study was conducted among women with term vertex singleton pregnancies who underwent vacuum extraction or SSCD at Mulago National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda, between November 25, 2014, and July 8, 2015. Severe maternal outcomes (mortality, uterine rupture, hysterectomy, re‐laparotomy) and perinatal outcomes (mortality, trauma, low Apgar score, convulsions) were compared between initial delivery mode.ResultsAmong 13 152 deliveries, 358 women who underwent vacuum extraction and 425 women who underwent SSCD were enrolled in the study. No maternal deaths occurred after vacuum extraction versus five deaths from complications of SSCD. Vacuum extraction was associated with less severe maternal outcomes compared with SSCD (3 [0.8%] vs 18 [4.2%]; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.07–0.84). Fetal death during the decision‐to‐delivery interval was also less common in the vacuum extraction group (3 [0.9%] vs 18 [4.4%]; aOR 0.24, 95% CI 0.07–0.84); however, the perinatal mortality rate did not differ between the vacuum extraction and SSCD groups (29 [8.4%] vs 45 [11.0%], respectively; aOR 0.83, 95% CI 0.49–1.41). One infant in each group exhibited neurodevelopmental anomalies at 6 months.ConclusionVacuum extraction had better maternal outcomes and equivalent perinatal outcomes compared with SSCD. These findings encourage re‐introduction of vacuum extraction.