bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sequences of Intonation Units form a ~1 Hz rhythm
Authors: Inbar Maya , Grossman Eitan , Landau Ayelet N. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractStudies of speech processing investigate the relationship between temporal structure in speech stimuli and neural activity. Despite clear evidence that the brain tracks speech at low frequencies (~1 Hz), it is not well understood what linguistic information gives rise to this rhythm. Here, we harness linguistic theory to draw attention to Intonation Units (IUs), a fundamental prosodic unit of human language, and characterize their temporal structure as captured in the speech envelope, an acoustic representation relevant to the neural processing of speech.IUs are defined by a specific pattern of syllable delivery, together with resets in pitch and articulatory force. Linguistic studies of spontaneous speech indicate that this prosodic segmentation paces new information in language use across diverse languages. Therefore, IUs provide a universal structural cue for the cognitive dynamics of speech production and comprehension.We study the relation between IUs and periodicities in the speech envelope, applying methods from investigations of neural synchronization. Our sample includes recordings from every-day speech contexts of over 100 speakers and six languages. We find that sequences of IUs form a consistent low-frequency rhythm and constitute a significant periodic cue within the speech envelope. Our findings allow to predict that IUs are utilized by the neural system when tracking speech, and the methods we introduce facilitate testing this prediction given physiological data.
Single-trial dynamics of competing reach plans in the human motor periphery
Authors: Selen Luc P. J. , Corneil Brian D. , Medendorp W. Pieter 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTContemporary motor control theories propose competition between multiple motor plans before the winning command is executed. While most competitions are completed prior to movement onset, movements are often initiated before the competition has been resolved. An example of this is saccadic averaging, wherein the eyes land at an intermediate location between two visual targets. Behavioral and neurophysiological signatures of competing motor commands have also been reported for reaching movements, but debate remains about whether such signatures attest to an unresolved competition, arise from averaging across many trials, or reflect a strategy to optimize behavior given task constraints. Here, we recorded electromyographic activity from an upper limb muscle (m. pectoralis) while twelve (8 female) participants performed an immediate response reach task, freely choosing between one of two identical and suddenly presented visual targets. On each trial, muscle recruitment showed two distinct phases of directionally-tuned activity. In the first wave, time-locked ~100 ms of target presentation, muscle activity was clearly influenced by the non-chosen target, reflecting a competition between reach commands that was biased in favor of the ultimately chosen target. This resulted in an initial movement intermediate between the two targets. In contrast, the second wave, time-locked to voluntary reach onset, was not biased toward the non-chosen target, showing that the competition between targets was resolved. Instead, this wave of activity compensated for the averaging induced by the first wave. Thus, single-trial analysis reveals an evolution in how the non-chosen target differentially influences the first and second wave of muscle activity.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTContemporary theories of motor control suggest that multiple motor plans compete for selection before the winning command is executed. Evidence for this is found in intermediate reach movements towards two potential target locations, but recent findings have challenged this notion by arguing that intermediate reaching movements reflect an optimal response strategy. By examining upper limb muscle recruitment during a free-choice reach task, we show early recruitment of a sub-optimal averaged motor command to the two targets that subsequently transitions to a single motor command that compensates for the initially averaged motor command. Recording limb muscle activity permits single-trial resolution of the dynamic influence of the non-chosen target through time.
The medial temporal lobe is critical for spatial relational perception
Authors: Ruiz Nicholas A. , Meager Michael R. , Agarwal Sachin , Aly Mariam 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe medial temporal lobe (MTL) is traditionally considered to be a system that is specialized for long-term memory. Recent work has challenged this notion by demonstrating that this region can contribute to many domains of cognition beyond long-term memory, including perception and attention. One potential reason why the MTL (and hippocampus specifically) contributes broadly to cognition is that it contains relational representations — representations of multidimensional features of experience and their unique relationship to one another — that are useful in many different cognitive domains. Here, we explore the hypothesis that the hippocampus/MTL plays a critical role in attention and perception via relational representations. We compared human participants with MTL damage to healthy age- and education-matched individuals on attention tasks that varied in relational processing demands. On each trial, participants viewed two images (rooms with paintings). On ‘similar room’ trials, they judged whether the rooms had the same spatial layout from a different perspective. On ‘similar art’ trials, they judged whether the paintings could have been painted by the same artist. On ‘identical’ trials, participants simply had to detect identical paintings or rooms. Patients were significantly and selectively impaired on the similar room task. This work provides further evidence that the hippocampus/MTL plays a ubiquitous role in cognition by virtue of its relational and spatial representations, and highlights its important contributions to rapid perceptual processes that benefit from attention.
Co-option of the lineage-specificLAVAretrotransposon in the gibbon genome
Authors: Okhovat Mariam , Nevonen Kimberly A. , Davis Brett A. , Michener Pryce , Ward Samantha , Milhaven Mark , Harshman Lana , Sohota Ajuni , Fernandes Jason D. , Salama Sofie R. , O’Neill Rachel J. , Ahituv Nadav , Veeramah Krishna R. , Carbone Lucia 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCo-option of transposable elements (TEs) to become part of existing or new enhancers is an important mechanism for evolution of gene regulation. However, contributions of lineage-specific TE insertions to recent regulatory adaptations remain poorly understood. Gibbons present a suitable model to study these contributions as they have evolved a lineage-specific TE calledLAVA,which is still active in the gibbon genome. The LAVA retrotransposon is thought to have played a role in the emergence of the unusually rearranged structure of the gibbon genome by disrupting transcription of cell cycle genes. In this study, we investigated whether LAVA may have also contributed to the evolution of gene regulation by adopting enhancer function. We characterized fixed and polymorphic LAVA insertions across multiple gibbons and found 96 LAVA elements overlapping enhancer chromatin states. Moreover, LAVA was enriched in multiple transcription factor binding motifs, was bound by an important transcription factor (PU.1), and was associated with higher levels of gene expression incis. We found gibbon-specific signatures of purifying/positive selection at 27 LAVA insertions. Two of these insertions were fixed in the gibbon lineage and overlapped with enhancer chromatin states, representing putative co-opted LAVA enhancers. These putative enhancers were located within genes encoding SETD2 and RAD9A, two proteins that facilitate accurate repair of DNA double-strand breaks and prevent chromosomal rearrangement mutations. Thus, LAVA’s co-option in these genes may have influenced regulation of processes that preserve genome integrity. Our findings highlight the importance of considering lineage-specific TEs in studying evolution of novel gene regulatory elements.
Spatial distribution of lamin A determines nuclear stiffness and stress-mediated deformation
Authors: Srivastava Luv Kishore , Ju Zhaoping , Ghagre Ajinkya , Ehrlicher Allen J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe nucleus is the largest organelle and information center of the cell; while diverse cellular components have been identified as mechanotransduction elements, the deformation of the nucleus itself is emerging as a critical mechanosensory mechanism, suggesting that the nuclear stiffness is essential in determining responses to intracellular and extracellular stresses. The nuclear membrane protein, lamin A, is known to be a dominant component in nuclear stiffening; however, the quantitative relationship between lamin A expression and nuclear deformation is still unclear. Here we measure the nuclear moduli as a function of lamin A expression and applied stress, revealing a linear dependence of bulk modulus on lamin A expression. We also find that the bulk modulus is anisotropic, with the vertical axis of the nucleus being more compliant than the minor and major axis. To examine how lamin A influences nuclear mechanics at the sub-micron scale we correlated the spatial distribution of lamin A with 3D nuclear envelope deformation, revealing that local areas of the nuclear envelope with higher expression levels of lamin A have correspondingly lower local deformations, and that increased lamin A expression levels result in a narrower distribution of smaller deformations. These findings describe the complex dispersion of nuclear deformations as a function of lamin A expression and distribution and implicate a role in mechanotransduction.
PARC: ultrafast and accurate clustering of phenotypic data of millions of single cells
Authors: Stassen Shobana V. , Siu Dickson M. D. , Lee Kelvin C. M. , Ho Joshua W. K. , So Hayden K. H. , Tsia Kevin K. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMotivationNew single-cell technologies continue to fuel the explosive growth in the scale of heterogeneous single-cell data. However, existing computational methods are inadequately scalable to large datasets and therefore cannot uncover the complex cellular heterogeneity.ResultsWe introduce a highly scalable graph-based clustering algorithm PARC -phenotyping by accelerated refined community-partitioning –for ultralarge-scale, high-dimensional single-cell data (> 1 million cells). Using large single cell mass cytometry, RNA-seq and imaging-based biophysical data, we demonstrate that PARC consistently outperforms state-of-the-art clustering algorithms without sub-sampling of cells, including Phenograph, FlowSOM, and Flock, in terms of both speed and ability to robustly detect rare cell populations. For example, PARC can cluster a single cell data set of 1.1M cells within 13 minutes, compared to >2 hours to the next fastest graph-clustering algorithm, Phenograph. Our work presents a scalable algorithm to cope with increasingly large-scale single-cell analysis.Availability and Implementationhttps://github.com/ShobiStassen/PARC
Short-term effects on brain functional network caused by focused-attention meditation revealed by Tucker3 clustering on graph theoretical metrics
Authors: Miyoshi Takuma , Tanioka Kensuke , Yamamoto Shoko , Yadohisa Hiroshi , Hiroyasu Tomoyuki , Hiwa Satoru 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis study examines the short-term effects of focused-attention meditation on functional brain state in novice meditators. There are a number of feature metrics for functional brain states, such as functional connectivity, graph theoretical metrics, and amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF). It is necessary to choose appropriate metrics and also to specify the region of interests (ROIs) from a number of brain regions. Here, we use a Tucker3 clustering method, which simultaneously selects the feature vectors (graph theoretical metrics and fractional ALFF) and the ROIs that can discriminate between resting and meditative states based on the characteristics of the given data. In this study, breath-counting meditation, one of the most popular forms of focused-attention meditation, was used and brain activities during resting and meditation states were measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging. The results indicated that the clustering coefficients of eight brain regions tended to increase through the meditation. Our results reveal that short-term effects of breath-counting meditation can be explained by network density changes in these eight brain regions.
Related party transactions disclosure and procedures: a critical analysis in business groups
Authors: Marchini Pier Luigi , Andrei Paolo , Medioli Alice 
Published: September 2019

PurposeIn the light of the risks involved in related party transactions, transparent disclosure is particularly important. The impact of related party transactions is relevant for all types of company, but there is greater complexity in business groups where they can be easier to hide. Focusing on business groups, this study aims to analyze the accuracy and transparency of related party transaction information, its understandability, compliance with legislation and comparability. It also examines whether shareholders can be fully informed of all related party transactions by reading only the consolidated financial statement.Design/methodology/approachThree case studies are used. The units of analysis are three corporate groups in which the parent company is listed on the Milan Stock Exchange as of 1 July 2015. The authors use two different sets of information. The first is secondary data from company procedures, annual reports and other official documents. They analyzed the separate financial statement of each firm, including the separate financial statement of the parent company and compared all relevant information from the consolidated financial statement and the separate financial statement. The second set is primary data from face-to-face semi-structured interviews and observation.FindingsThis study underlines that there is no requirement for a specific classification of related party transactions disclosure, and as a consequence, it is not possible to compare information. An unambiguous framework for disclosure, established by regulation or legislation, for use by companies supplying related party transactions information would be useful.Originality/valueThe results offer possible recommendations for regulators to improve presentation of related party transaction information without increasing the amount of information required.
Online news recommendations based on topic modeling and online interest adjustment
Authors: Liu Duen-Ren , Liao Yu-Shan , Lu Jun-Yi 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
Providing online news recommendations to users has become an important trend for online media platforms, enabling them to attract more users. The purpose of this paper is to propose an online news recommendation system for recommending news articles to users when browsing news on online media platforms.

Design/methodology/approach
A Collaborative Semantic Topic Modeling (CSTM) method and an ensemble model (EM) are proposed to predict user preferences based on the combination of matrix factorization with articles’ semantic latent topics derived from word embedding and latent topic modeling. The proposed EM further integrates an online interest adjustment (OIA) mechanism to adjust users’ online recommendation lists based on their current news browsing.

Findings
This study evaluated the proposed approach using offline experiments, as well as an online evaluation on an existing online media platform. The evaluation shows that the proposed method can improve the recommendation quality and achieve better performance than other recommendation methods can. The online evaluation also shows that integrating the proposed method with OIA can improve the click-through rate for online news recommendation.

Originality/value
The novel CSTM and EM combined with OIA are proposed for news recommendation. The proposed novel recommendation system can improve the click-through rate of online news recommendations, thus increasing online media platforms’ commercial value.
New ways of sports entrepreneurship in the university
Authors: Sánchez-Oliver Antonio Jesús , Gálvez-Ruiz Pablo , Grimaldi-Puyana Moisés , Fernández-Gavira Jesús , García-Fernández Jerónimo 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present a project called EmprendeSport, whose aim is to increase knowledge in entrepreneurship and sports in students, professors and professionals through seminars carried out from 2015 to 2018. This study summarises the experience and data extracted throughout these seminars with the purpose of helping to design policies that stimulate business activity of the universities that seek to promote entrepreneurial spirit within a higher educational context.

Design/methodology/approach
This is a descriptive paper of the experiences of the seminars done during four years, with a regularly assistance of 200 people. The profile of the assistants was, mainly males, studying a degree on sports or entrepreneurship and working.

Findings
There is a lack of knowledge and interest in entrepreneurship. The realisation of the seminar resulted to be a useful incentive for the public to develop new ideas to innovate in their daily lives, some of them also, because of the seminar through of creating their own business. From the organisation perspective, in order to increase the entrepreneurial culture between the females.

Originality/value
The main contribution of this document could be to help design policies that stimulate business activities of universities and, therefore, stimulate their contribution to the development of the modern knowledge economy.
Requirements for future digital visitor flow management
Authors: Huettermann Marcel , Thimm Tatjana , Hannich Frank , Bild Christine 
Published: September 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine visitor management in the German-Swiss border area of the Lake Constance region. Taking a customer perspective, it determines the requirements for an application with the ability to optimize personal mobility.Design/methodology/approachA quantitative study and a survey of focus groups were conducted to identify movement patterns of different types of visitors and their requirements concerning the development of a visitor management application.FindingsVisitors want an application that provides real-time forecasts of issues such as traffic, parking and queues and, at the same time, enables them to create a personal activity schedule based on this information.Research limitations/implicationsNot every subsample reached a sufficient number of cases to yield representative results.Practical implicationsThe results may lead to an optimization and management separation of mobility flows in the research area and be helpful to municipal planners, destination marketing organizations and visitors.Originality/valueThe German border cities of Konstanz, Radolfzell and Singen in the Lake Constance region need improved visitor management, mainly because of a high level of shopping tourism by Swiss visitors to Germany. In the Summer months, Lake Constance is also a popular destination for leisure tourists, which causes overtourism. For the first time, the results of this research presented here offer possible solutions, in particular by showing how a mobile application for visitors could defuse the situation.
Experimental evidence that phosphorus fertilization and arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis can reduce the carbon cost of phosphorus uptake
Authors: Ven Arne , Verlinden Melanie S. , Verbruggen Erik , Vicca Sara 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Plants allocate substantial amounts of carbon (C) below‐ground to obtain nutrients and other resources.

Increasing nutrient availability typically reduces the C investment in root growth and mycorrhizal fungi, hence reducing the C cost of nutrient acquisition. This C cost of nutrient acquisition, however, remains poorly quantified.

In a P fertilization experiment with Zea mays, we examined below‐ground C allocation and the C cost of phosphorus (P) uptake. In addition, we compared plants inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to those growing in pasteurized soil to examine the same measures in the absence of AMF.

P fertilization tended to increase above‐ground plant growth more than it increased the total below‐ground C flux (TBCF; root growth plus rhizosphere respiration), suggesting a reduced investment in nutrient acquisition. This was confirmed by a negative fertilization effect on the TBCF‐to‐total plant P ratio (~25% reduction for high vs. low P fertilization). Soil pasteurization increased this proxy for the C cost of P uptake (~50% increase).

This novel quantification of the influence of P availability and mycorrhizal fungi on plant–soil C partitioning can guide the incorporation of these processes in vegetation models.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Past spatial structure of plant communities determines arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community assembly
Authors: Bittebiere Anne‐Kristel , Vandenkoornhuyse Philippe , Maluenda Elodie , Gareil Agnès , Dheilly Alexandra , Coudouel Sophie , Bahin Mathieu , Mony Cendrine 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Due to the importance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in ecosystem productivity, a key ecological question is how do their communities assemble? As plant spatial patterns constitute a mosaic of AM fungi habitats, we hypothesized that AM fungal community assembly is determined by plant community structure, both in space and time.

We tested our hypothesis by sampling individuals of two host‐plant species, Brachypodium pinnatum and Elytrigia repens, from experimental communities cultivated in mesocosms, and assessed their AM fungal root colonizers by mass sequencing. We related AM fungal community structure to the distribution of neighbouring plant species at different spatio‐temporal scales.

We demonstrated that AM fungal community assembly depends mostly on past plant spatial patterns at a small spatial scale (5 cm), indicating that plants growing at given locations leave a footprint on the AM fungi community. This spatial scale of response was also influenced by the host‐plant species, probably by its clonal propagation.

Synthesis. Overall, we highlighted that processes involved in Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal community assembly do not operate at the rough scale of the overall plant community mosaic but are instead locally determined, delineating the AM fungal ‘eye‐view’ of the host‐plant community.
A possible solution to minimise scotta as a food waste: A sports beverage
Authors: Tirloni Erica , Vasconi Mauro , Cattaneo Patrizia , Moretti Vittorio , Bellagamba Federica , Bernardi Cristian , Stella Simone 
Published: September 2019

A pilot study trial was performed on ready‐to‐drink beverages produced in a small‐scale dairy plant starting from Ricotta whey (scotta) with the addition of fruit puree and starter cultures. Microbiological shelf life was evaluated at 4 and 12 °C. At 4 °C, the product showed moderate total viable counts until the end of the trial (~5 log cfu/mL). Yeasts proved to be the specific spoilage microorganisms of the product. When applying a thermal abuse at 20 °C for 6 h, total viable count did not increase. The addition of fruit puree changed the volatile profile of the beverages compared to raw scotta.