bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An edge re‐encryption‐based access control mechanism in NDN
Authors: Zhu Yi , Huang Ruilan , Tao Yu , Wang Xinping 
Published: January 2019

AbstractContent privacy is one of the key issues in named data networking. Implementing content access control by encrypting the content key with the user's public key is the major method currently. However, this method brings extra retrieving delay because the user needs to obtain the encrypted key from the producer after requesting data packet. Focusing on this problem, this paper proposes an edge re‐encryption‐based access control (ERE‐AC), in which the content is encrypted using a symmetric key, and the content key will be encrypted twice by the producer and edge router. Using edge re‐encryption, only the authorized user can decrypt the re‐encrypted content key with its own private key and thus obtaining the plaintext of content. This mechanism makes the encrypted content and content key stored in the network that are available for all users. It achieves two advantages, one is that the user does not need to fetch content key from the producer and can shorten the retrieving time; another is that no replica redundancy exists in the network. The simulation results of ndnSIM show that compared with encryption and probability‐based access control model, ERE‐AC can effectively shorten the content retrieving delay while slightly increasing the hit rate.
Chronic neurodegeneration induces type I interferon synthesis via STING, shaping microglial phenotype and accelerating disease progression
Authors: Nazmi Arshed , Field Robert H. , Griffin Eadaoin W. , Haugh Orla , Hennessy Edel , Cox Donal , Reis Renata , Tortorelli Lucas , Murray Carol L. , Lopez‐Rodriguez Ana Belen , Jin Lei , Lavelle Ed C. , Dunne Aisling , Cunningham Colm 
Published: January 2019

AbstractType I interferons (IFN‐I) are the principal antiviral molecules of the innate immune system and can be made by most cell types, including central nervous system cells. IFN‐I has been implicated in neuroinflammation during neurodegeneration, but its mechanism of induction and its consequences remain unclear. In the current study, we assessed expression of IFN‐I in murine prion disease (ME7) and examined the contribution of the IFN‐I receptor IFNAR1 to disease progression. The data indicate a robust IFNβ response, specifically in microglia, with evidence of IFN‐dependent genes in both microglia and astrocytes. This IFN‐I response was absent in stimulator of interferon genes (STING−/−) mice. Microglia showed increased numbers and activated morphology independent of genotype, but transcriptional signatures indicated an IFNAR1‐dependent neuroinflammatory phenotype. Isolation of microglia and astrocytes demonstrated disease‐associated microglial induction of Tnfα, Tgfb1, and of phagolysosomal system transcripts including those for cathepsins, Cd68, C1qa, C3, and Trem2, which were diminished in IFNAR1 and STING deficient mice. Microglial increases in activated cathepsin D, and CD68 were significantly reduced in IFNAR1−/− mice, particularly in white matter, and increases in COX‐1 expression, and prostaglandin synthesis were significantly mitigated. Disease progressed more slowly in IFNAR1−/− mice, with diminished synaptic and neuronal loss and delayed onset of neurological signs and death but without effect on proteinase K‐resistant PrP levels. Therefore, STING‐dependent IFN‐I influences microglial phenotype and influences neurodegenerative progression despite occurring secondary to initial degenerative changes. These data expand our mechanistic understanding of IFN‐I induction and its impact on microglial function during chronic neurodegeneration.
Detection of laryngeal carcinoma in the U.S. elderly population with gastroesophageal reflux disease
Authors: Riley Charles A. , Marino Michael J. , Hsieh Mei‐Chin , Wu Eric L. , Wu Xiao‐Cheng , McCoul Edward D. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundAn association is suggested between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) and malignancy of the larynx in elderly patients in the United States. Early detection with flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy (FFL) or CT remains poorly defined.MethodsThe Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)‐Medicare linked database was queried from 2003 to 2011.A case‐cohort design evaluated patients aged 66 and older with a diagnosis of GERD and/or LPR for the occurrence of FFL or CT within 6 months of the exposure diagnosis.ResultsOf a total 156 426 Medicare beneficiaries, the relative risk of early cancer diagnosis with FFL was 14.61(95% confidence interval [CI], 13.59‐15.70), corresponding to a number needed to detect (NND) a case of cancer of 13(95% CI, 13‐14). The relative risk of an early cancer diagnosis with CT was 31.83 (95% CI, 29.57‐34.26), with a NND of 5 (95% CI, 5‐5).ConclusionsEarly FFL and CT are associated with a higher likelihood of laryngeal cancer diagnosis in elderly individuals with a diagnosis of reflux. Screening trials are necessary to establish this relationship.
Using Applied Theater Practices in Classrooms to Challenge Religious Discrimination Among Students
Authors: Bhatia Kiran Vinod , Pathak‐Shelat Manisha 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe authors illustrate how applied theater practices were used in media literacy classes to educate students about acts of religious discrimination in their societies. These practices helped students acknowledge their role in reifying or dismantling these prejudices in and through their classroom interactions with their peers from other religions (in academic discourse, the religious other). The analysis demonstrates how students created and performed plays in interfaith teams with the objective of examining their prejudice about the other. In scripting and performing together, students developed new, affective bonds based on personal experiences of working as teammates. This change in their interpersonal relations with their classmates encouraged students to imagine new possibilities of coexisting with differences.
Exposure to cadmium and mono‐(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate induce biochemical changes in rat liver, spleen, lung and kidney as determined by attenuated total reflection‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Zhu Li , Duan Peng , Hu Xiuxue , Wang Yu , Chen Chunling , Wan Jiang , Dai Mengyi , Liang Xiaoling , Li Junyi , Tan Yan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAttenuated total reflection‐Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) spectroscopy is a label‐free, non‐destructive analytical technique for biochemical analysis of macromolecular components within tissue samples. Cadmium (Cd) and mono‐(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), a primary metabolite of di‐(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate, are present ubiquitously in the environment and in organisms, and have adverse impacts on ecosystems and human health. Herein we employed ATR‐FTIR analysis to identify biomolecular changes in rat liver, spleen, lung and kidney after prepubertal exposure to Cd and MEHP. Our results showed clear segregations between the 3 mg/kg Cd‐, 10 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg MEHP‐ and binary mixture‐treated groups vs. the solvent control group. Following principal components analysis coupled with linear discriminant analysis, biochemical alterations associated with different doses of Cd and MEHP were attributed mainly to lipids, proteins, phosphates and carbohydrates. In addition, the ratios of lipid/protein, C=O stretching/CH2 methylene (lipid oxidation level), amide I/amide II, α‐helix/β‐sheet and CH3 methyl/CH2 methylene (acetylation level) in target organs were affected by these toxicants. There seems to be no dose‐response effect of Cd and MEHP on target organs. We observed hardly any joint toxic action of these toxicants. This is the first study showing the application of ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy to the assessment of toxicity of Cd and MEHP. Possibly, destruction of cell membrane structure and integrity could be the common mechanism of Cd and MEHP toxicity in liver, spleen, lung and kidney.
Trans‐counseling: A case series of transgender individuals at high risk for BRCA1 pathogenic variants
Authors: Sacca Rosalba E. , Koeller Diane R. , Rana Huma Q. , Garber Judy E. , Morganstern Daniel E. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTransgender individuals comprise a growing patient population in genetic counseling practice. The identification of a pathogenic variant in a cancer susceptibility gene may impact a transgender person's decisions regarding hormonal and/or surgical transition. Limited scientific literature exists on specific genetic counseling needs and medical management strategies for transgender individuals. In addition, most genetic counselors have had limited experience and training in conducting genetic counseling sessions with transgender patients. In this report, we describe three cases of transgender individuals who underwent genetic counseling and testing in our clinic. All were at ≥50% risk to carry a familial BRCA1 pathogenic variant. Case 1 is a 20‐year‐old transgender female initiating hormonal agents. Case 2 is a 19‐year‐old transgender male considering surgical decisions who has a BRCA1 pathogenic variant on both sides of the family. Case 3 is a 24‐year‐old transgender male who had previously undergone gender‐affirming mastectomy (top surgery) and is taking androgen therapy. Unique aspects of genetic testing, psychosocial counseling, and medical management of transgender individuals have arisen in the course of their care. In this report, we discuss our experiences and practices of case preparation, case management, appropriate genetic testing, and medical management such as screening, surgical decisions, and coordination of care. There is a need for more research in this area and more transgender‐specific training for genetic counselors.
Genetic Literacy of pregnant women and their use of prenatal screening and diagnostic tests in Turkey
Authors: Seven Memnun , Paşalak Şeyma İnciser , Sahin Eda , Akyuz Aygul 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis study evaluated how genetic literacy of pregnant women in Turkey affects their use of prenatal screening and diagnostic tests. As a descriptive cross‐sectional study, a Participant Identification Form and the Genetic literacy and Comprehension Measure (GLAC) were used to collect data. The sample of study consisted of 189 pregnant women who made regular antenatal care visits in Giresun, Turkey. The mean age was 29.5 ± 5.9 years and mean gestational week was 34.9 ± 5.09. Of the women, 76.7% had undergone prenatal screening tests, and 85.5% of them had learned about the tests from their doctors. The mean GLAC score of familiarity was 3.67 ± 1.78 (out of seven), and the genetic concepts answered correctly were 5.30 ± 1.79 (out of eight). No statistically significant relationship emerged between the women's genetic literacy and their use of prenatal screening or diagnostic tests. However, relationships were statistically significant between the genetic literacy of the women and the educational levels of the women themselves or their spouses, consanguineous marital status, parity, and use of folic acid supplements. Primiparous women who were highly educated, had a highly educated spouse, were not in consanguineous marriages, and had taken folic acid supplements during pregnancy were more literate in genetics. There is a need for more educational opportunities in order for women to increase their familiarity with genetic terms. Educating women will improve their understanding of genetics‐related health services and increase their awareness of genetic diseases, which will allow them to take the appropriate actions for primary prevention.
Absence of dentate nucleus resting‐state functional connectivity changes in nonneurological patients with gadolinium‐related hyperintensity on T1‐weighted images
Authors: Mallio Carlo A. , Piervincenzi Claudia , Gianolio Eliana , Cirimele Vincenzo , Papparella Luigi G. , Marano Massimo , Quintiliani Livia , Aime Silvio , Carducci Filippo , Parizel Paul M. , Quattrocchi Carlo C. 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundThe dentate nuclei of the cerebellum are the areas where gadolinium predominantly accumulates. It is not yet known whether gadolinium deposition affects brain functions.Purpose/HypothesisTo assess whether gadolinium‐dependent high signal intensity of the cerebellum on T1‐weighted images of nonneurological adult patients with Crohn's disease is associated with modifications of resting‐state functional connectivity (RSFC) of the cerebellum and dentate nucleus.Study TypeObservational, cross‐sectional.PopulationFifteen patients affected by Crohn's disease were compared with 16 healthy age‐ and gender‐matched control subjects. All participants underwent neurological, neurocognitive‐psychological assessment, and blood sampling.Field Strength/Sequence1.5‐T magnet blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) functional MRI.AssessmentHigh signal intensity on T1‐weighted images, cerebellum functional connectivity, neurocognitive performance, and blood circulating gadolinium levels.Statistical TestsAn unpaired two‐sample t‐test (age and sex were nuisance variables) was used to investigate between‐group differences in cerebellar and dentate nucleus functional connectivity. Z‐statistical images were set using clusters determined by Z > 2.3 and a familywise error (FWE)‐corrected cluster significance threshold of P = 0.05.ResultsDentate nuclei RSFC was not different (P = n.s.) between patients with gadolinium‐dependent high signal intensity on T1‐weighted images and controls. Pre‐ and postcentral gyrus bilaterally and the right supplementary motor cortex showed a decrease of RSFC with the cerebellum hemispheres (P < 0.05 FWE‐corrected) and was related to disease duration but not to gadodiamide cumulative doses (P = n.s.).Data ConclusionCrohn's disease patients with gadolinium‐dependent hyperintense dentate nuclei on unenhanced T1‐weighted images do not show dentate nucleus RSFC changes.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy Stage: 5J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:445–455.
Differential impacts on multiple forms of spatial and contextual memory in diazepam binding inhibitor knockout mice
Authors: Ujjainwala Ammar L. , Courtney Connor D. , Wojnowski Natalia M. , Rhodes Justin S. , Christian Catherine A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractLearning and memory are fundamental processes that are disrupted in many neurological disorders including Alzheimer’s disease and epilepsy. The hippocampus plays an integral role in these functions, and modulation of synaptic transmission mediated by γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) type‐A receptors (GABAARs) impacts hippocampus‐dependent learning and memory. The protein diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI) differentially modulates GABAARs in various brain regions, including hippocampus, and changes in DBI levels may be linked to altered learning and memory. The effects of genetic loss of DBI signaling on these processes, however, have not been determined. In these studies, we examined male and female constitutive DBI knockout mice and wild‐type littermates to investigate the role of DBI signaling in modulating multiple forms of hippocampus‐dependent spatial learning and memory. DBI knockout mice did not show impaired discrimination of objects in familiar and novel locations in an object location memory test, but did exhibit reduced time spent exploring the objects. Multiple parameters of Barnes maze performance, testing the capability to utilize spatial reference cues, were disrupted in DBI knockout mice. Furthermore, whereas most wild‐type mice adopted a direct search strategy upon learning the location of the target hole, knockout mice showed higher rates of using an inefficient random strategy. In addition, DBI knockout mice displayed typical levels of contextual fear conditioning, but lacked a sex difference observed in wild‐type mice. Together, these data suggest that DBI selectively influences certain forms of spatial learning and memory, indicating novel roles for DBI signaling in modulating hippocampus‐dependent behavior in a task‐specific manner.
Characterization of the multiple chemical components of Glechomae Herba using ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry with diagnostic ion filtering strategy
Authors: Li Junmao , Wen Quan , Feng Yulin , Zhang Jing , Luo Yun , Tan Ting 
Published: January 2019

AbstractGlechomae Herba is a traditional Chinese medicine used for the treatment of urolithiasis, cholelithiasis, and urinary tract infections in China. Identification of chemical constituents is helpful to discover the potential active ingredients. However, this significant work is stymied by complex chemical constituents. Therefore, an ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry analysis with diagnostic product ions and neutral loss filtering strategy was established for chemical profiling of Glechomae Herba. The diagnostic product ions and neutral loss filtering strategy simplified spectral elucidation. A total of 120 compounds, including 10 chlorogenic acids, 10 gallic acids, 21 phenylpropionic acids, and 77 flavonoids, were reasonably identified in Glechomae Herba. Sixty‐five constituents were first discovered in Glechomae Herba. Four types of chlorogenic acids (caffeoylquinic acid, feruloylquinic acid, p‐coumaroylquinic acid, and di‐caffeoylquinic acid), three types of galloylglucoses (di‐O‐galloyl‐glucose, tri‐O‐galloyl‐glucose, and tetra‐O‐galloyl‐glucose), three types of phenylpropionic acid skeletons (p‐coumaric acid, caffeic acid, and rosmarinic acid) and five types of flavonoid aglycone skeletons (apigenin, kaempferol, luteolin, quercetin, and chrysin) were identified in Glechomae Herba. The results indicated that the developed strategy was feasible and rational technique for identifying the complex chemical constituents in Glechomae Herba.
Comparison of Sonazoid and SonoVue in the Diagnosis of Focal Liver Lesions: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Zhai Hong‐yan , Liang Ping , Yu Jie , Cao Feng , Kuang Ming , Liu Feng‐yong , Liu Fang‐yi , Zhu Xin‐yuan 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the efficacy of Sonazoid and SonoVue in subjects with focal liver lesions.MethodsThe patients who had untreated focal solid liver lesions confirmed by B‐mode ultrasonography were eligible for the study. The target lesion and whole liver were scanned by gray scale ultrasonography; then, contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography was performed, and the results were evaluated blindly. The main end point was accuracy improvement with postcontrast versus precontrast ultrasound examination for diagnosis of the target lesion of interest as malignant or benign against the reference standard.ResultsThere were 65 patients with 65 hepatic tumors enrolled in the study. The improvement of diagnostic accuracy was 0.30 in the Sonazoid group and 0.16 in the SonoVue group (95% confidence interval, –0.828–0.168; P = .24). Using 20% as the noninferiority margin, the upper limit of the 95% confidence interval (0.168) was less than 0.20. The number of lesions detected during the whole‐liver scanning in the Sonazoid group was significantly more than that detected in the SonoVue group (P = .024).ConclusionThe diagnosis value of Sonazoid is noninferior to SonoVue, and this new contrast agent can improves the whole‐liver image quality.
An Injectable Self‐Healing Multifluorescent Hydrogel Formed by Engineered Coiled‐Coil Polypeptide and Quantum Dots
Authors: Yang Jie , Zhao Sun‐Duo , Jin Rui‐Mei , Zhao Dong‐Hui , Chen Wei , Hu Wei , Wang Qiong , Liu Bo 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAn injectable and self‐healing multifluorescent hydrogel system based on engineered coiled‐coil polypeptide and CdSe@ZnS quantum dots (QDs) is developed. The mechanical properties of the PC10A‐QD hydrogel are able to be tuned by changing the concentrations of PC10A and QDs. The G′ of PC10A hydrogel increases from 800 to 1000 Pa by doping 6 nm oil‐soluble CdSe@ZnS QDs. The PC10A‐QD hydrogel can easily pass through a 26‐gauge needle without clogging. In addition, through interfacial assembly of PC10A polypeptide on the surface of the PC10A‐QD hydrogel, each of these hydrogel can self‐assemble into a multifluorescent hydrogel. This approach for preparation of injectable self‐healing multifluorescent hydrogels is expected to apply in biomedicine.
The Combination of Curcumin and Salsalate is Superior to Either Agent Alone in Suppressing Pro‐Cancerous Molecular Pathways and Colorectal Tumorigenesis in Obese Mice
Authors: Wu Xian , Koh Gar Yee , Huang Yueyi , Crott Jimmy W. , Bronson Roderick T. , Mason Joel B. 
Published: January 2019

ScopeHigh‐fat diets (HFDs) and adiposity increase colorectal cancer risk, in part by elevating pro‐inflammatory cytokines that activate pro‐cancerous signaling pathways. Curcumin (CUR), a dietary polyphenol and salsalate (SAL), an non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) lacking the gastrotoxicity of aspirin, each suppress inflammatory signaling, but via different cellular pathways.Methods and resultsA/J mice (n = 110) are fed a low‐fat diet (LFD, 10% kcal), a HFD (60% kcal), a HFD containing 0.4% CUR, a HFD containing 0.3% SAL, or a HFD containing both agents (CUR/SAL). All mice receive six injections of azoxymethane. Compared to LFD‐fed mice, HFD‐fed mice display elevated colonic cytokines, crypt cell proliferation, and increased tumorigenesis (p < 0.05). CUR/SAL significantly reduces colonic cytokines (p < 0.01), suppresses activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/NF‐κB/Wnt pathways (p < 0.01), activates AMPK (p < 0.01), attenuates abnormal proliferation of the colonic mucosa (p < 0.05), and reduces tumor multiplicity and burden (p < 0.05), in comparison to the HFD control. In contrast, CUR or SAL alone does not suppress abnormal crypt cell proliferation or tumor multiplicity, and is largely ineffective in modifying activation of these signaling pathways.ConclusionThese observations demonstrate the superiority of the CUR/SAL over the individual agents and provide a scientific basis for future translational studies in obese subjects and/or those habitually consuming HFDs.
NMR‐based differentiation of conventionally from organically produced chicken eggs in Germany
Authors: Ackermann Svenja M. , Lachenmeier Dirk W. , Kuballa Thomas , Schütz Birk , Spraul Manfred , Bunzel Mirko 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBoth the German and European organic food markets are growing fast, and there is also a rising demand for organic chicken eggs. Consumers are willing to pay higher prices for organic eggs produced in an animal‐appropriate environment considering animal welfare. Strict labelling requirements do not prevent chicken eggs from being a subject of food fraud. Conventionally produced (barn/free‐range) eggs can easily be mislabeled as organic eggs. Especially because the demand for organically produced chicken eggs is likely to exceed supply in the future, mislabeling appears to be a realistic scenario. Therefore, there is a need for analytical methods that are suitable to classify eggs as being either conventionally or organically produced.Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in combination with multivariate data analysis is a suitable tool to screen eggs according to the different systems of husbandry. Sample preparation is based on a fat extraction method, which was optimised for application to freeze‐dried egg yolk. Samples were analysed using typical q‐NMR parameters.A nontargeted approach was used for the analysis of the 1H NMR data. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied followed by a linear discriminant analysis (PCA‐LDA) and Monte Carlo cross‐validation. In total, 344 chicken eggs (214 barn/free‐range eggs and 130 eggs from organic farms), most of them originating from Germany, were used to build and validate the prediction model. The results showed that the prediction model allowed for the correct classification of about 93% of the organic eggs.