bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantum Sensing of Room‐Temperature Ferromagnetism in 2D Van der Waals Fe3GaTe2 Using Divacancy Spins in SiC
Authors: Chen Xia , Luo Qin‐Yue , Guo Pei‐Jie , Zhou Hao‐Jie , Hu Qi‐Cheng , Wu Hong‐Peng , Shen Xiao‐Wen , Cui Ru‐Yue , Dong Lei , Wei Tian‐Xing , Xiao Yu‐Hang , Li Deren , Lei Li , Zhang Xi , Wang Jun‐Feng , Xiang Gang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRoom‐temperature (RT) 2D van der Waals (vdW) ferromagnets hold immense promise for next‐generation spintronic devices for information storage and processing. To achieve high‐density energy‐efficient spintronic devices, it is essential to understand the local magnetic properties of RT 2D vdW magnets. In this work, noninvasive in situ stray field detection is realized in vdW‐layered ferromagnet Fe3GaTe2 using divacancy spins quantum sensor in silicon carbide (SiC) at RT. The structural features and magnetic properties of the Fe3GaTe2 are characterized utilizing X‐ray diffraction, scanning tsransmission electron microscopy, Raman spectrum, magnetization, and magneto‐transport measurements. Further detailed analysis of temperature‐ and magnetic field‐dependent optically detected magnetic resonances of the PL6 divacancy near the Fe3GaTe2 reveal that, the Curie temperature (Tc) of Fe3GaTe2 is ∼360 K, and the magnetization increases with external magnetic fields. Additionally, spin relaxometry technology is employed to probe the magnetic fluctuations of Fe3GaTe2, revealing a peak in the spin relaxation rate around the Tc. These experiments give insights into the intriguing local magnetic properties of 2D vdW RT ferromagnet Fe3GaTe2 and pave the way for the application of SiC quantum sensors in noninvasive in situ stray field detection of related 2D vdW magnets.
4D Bioprinting Shape‐Morphing Tissues in Granular Support Hydrogels: Sculpting Structure and Guiding Maturation
Authors: Pramanick Ankita , Hayes Thomas , Sergis Vasileios , McEvoy Eoin , Pandit Abhay , Daly Andrew C. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDuring embryogenesis, organs undergo dynamic shape transformations that sculpt their final shape, composition, and function. Despite this, current organ bioprinting approaches typically employ bioinks that restrict cell‐generated morphogenetic behaviors resulting in structurally static tissues. This work introduces a novel platform that enables the bioprinting of tissues that undergo programmable and predictable 4D shape‐morphing driven by cell‐generated forces. This method utilizes embedded bioprinting to deposit collagen‐hyaluronic acid bioinks within yield‐stress granular support hydrogels that can accommodate and regulate 4D shape‐morphing through their viscoelastic properties. Importantly, precise control over 4D shape‐morphing is possible by modulating factors such as the initial print geometry, cell phenotype, bioink composition, and support hydrogel viscoelasticity. Further, shape‐morphing is found to actively sculpt cell and extracellular matrix alignment along the principal tissue axis through a stress‐avoidance mechanism. To enable predictive design of 4D shape‐morphing patterns, a finite element model is developed that accurately captures shape evolution at both the cellular and tissue levels. Finally, it is demonstrated that programmed 4D shape‐morphing enhances the structural and functional properties of iPSC‐derived heart tissues. This ability to design, predict, and program 4D shape‐morphing holds great potential for engineering organ rudiments that recapitulate morphogenetic processes to sculpt their final shape, composition, and function.
Stress‐Relieving Protective Elastomeric Interphase for Stable Ni‐rich Cathodes
Authors: Li Zi‐Wei , Lin Fan , Zhang Xu‐Dong , Zhang Xu‐Sheng , Wen Rui , Li Xu , Zheng Zi‐Jian 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAnisotropic volume changes in primary particles of layered Ni‐rich transition metal oxides generate mechanical stresses during electrochemical cycling. This results in structural degradation and side reactions that deteriorate battery performance. To address this issue, a cross‐linked epoxy natural rubber (CENR) is employed as the protective elastomeric interphase. The viscoelastic properties of CENR facilitated a strong adhesion to the surface of Ni‐rich cathodes, thereby helping alleviate mechanical stresses during cycling. This approach maintained the structural integrity of the Ni‐rich cathodes and suppressed detrimental interfacial reactions. Consequently, the fortified Ni‐rich cathode retained 95.9% of its capacity after 300 cycles at 0.5 C and 82.8% after 500 cycles at 1 C. This study highlights the essential role of elastomeric materials in stabilizing Ni‐rich cathodes and offers insights that can enable the development of additional protective elastomeric layers for battery electrode materials.
Versatile Foldable Inkjet‐Printed Thermoacoustic Loudspeaker on Paper
Authors: Im Hyungyu , Jo Eunhwan , Kang Yunsung , Kim Jongbaeg 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe rise of flexible electronics has sparked a demand for components, such as loudspeakers, that seamlessly integrate into various applications while maintaining their performance. However, current loudspeakers typically rely on electromechanical systems, necessitating significant space for components such as coils and magnets. This limits their flexibility and usage in thin, conformable devices. To address this, a paper‐based thermoacoustic (TA) loudspeaker utilizing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) via inkjet printing is introduced. This TA loudspeaker demonstrates exceptional flexibility and durability, maintaining high acoustic performance across human‐audible frequencies up to 20 kHz, even when subjected to extensive mechanical deformation. Additionally, employing inkjet printing technology streamlines their manufacturing processes, offering a cost‐effective solution with scalability for mass production. Furthermore, an origami‐inspired 3D folding architecture enhances the loudspeaker's portability and enables versatile shape configurations, thus broadening its utility across electronic devices. These demonstrations offer a potential solution for next‐generation audio systems in flexible electronics.
Boosting Fill Factor of Semitransparent Donor‐Poor Organic Solar Cells for the Best Light Utilization Efficiency
Authors: Xue Fei , Xie Yuhao , Cui Yu , Yu Paraschuk Dmitry , Ma Wei , Yan Han 
Published: November 2024

AbstractReducing the content of light‐absorbing material in the active layer of semitransparent organic solar cells (ST‐OSCs) enhances the average visible transmittance (AVT) but sacrifices the power conversion efficiency (PCE). This dilemma is a key challenge to ST‐OSCs. Here trityl tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl) borate (TrTPFB)‐doping of the polymer donor at a suboptimal donor:acceptor (D:A) ratio is reported as an approach to enhance the light utilization efficiency (LUE) via boosting the fill factor (FF). The suboptimal D:A ratio results in not only a less efficient hole transporting network but also a narrower charge photogeneration profile. The latter widens the flat‐band region. These deteriorations make charge diffusion a crucial factor for compensating charge collection. TrTPFB‐doping mainly helps elongate the charge diffusion length to alleviate severe bimolecular recombination. As a result, the FF boosts from 65.1% to 72.2% in the film AVT increased device, which is comparable to that of the bulk heterojunction device with the optimal D:A ratio. The best LUE of 3.51% is achieved in the TrTPFB‐doped ST‐OSCs based on a ternary material combination; moreover, an LUE of 5.18% is predicted after proper optical optimization. The ST‐OSC showcases a greenhouse rooftop, which outperforms the glass one for the wheat plant.
Anisotropic Coupling‐Based 2D Material Dember Polarized Photodetectors
Authors: Hao Yining , Hang Tianyi , Chen Chenghao , Zhang Chengzhuang , Chen Yijing , Yu Chengcheng , Wu Shaolong , Yang Jiong , Yang Zhenhai , Li Xiaofeng , Cao Guoyang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPolarization photodetectors (PPDs) based on 2D materials hold great promise for ultracompact polarimeters due to their ability to directly detect polarization states. However, the existing PPDs based on 2D materials tend to focus on a single metric, making it challenging to obtain both a large polarization ratio (PR) and high responsivity (R). Here, black phosphorus (BP) PPDs are proposed under a nanowire configuration that enables large PR and high R simultaneously. Benefitting from the anisotropic coupling between the BP crystal and the nanowire geometry, specific light‐field distributions are formed under orthogonally polarized light incidences, through selectively exciting the localized surface plasmon and leaky‐mode resonances. A large carrier concentration gradient inherent to this structure is formed to induce a high response contrast and a large Dember current, enabling an ultrahigh PR ≈ 118.4, R ≈ 802.42 A W−1, and ultrashort response time ≈ 636 ps. Finally, a key‐free optical encryption communication system is constructed, demonstrating one of its promising applications.
A Bistate Intelligent Eutectogel Material with Water‐Regulated Stiffness for Diverse Designed Functionality
Authors: Zhang Shuang , Li Chuang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe design of stiffness‐changeable synthetic materials that can mimic their biological counterparts in the production of adaptable structures and functions is highly important but remains challenging. Here, the development of a bioinspired intelligent material composed of a deep eutectic solvent (DES) and an ionically crosslinked polymer network that is capable of switching reversibly between hard plastic and soft elastic states in response to water is reported. The eutectogel stiffness can be dramatically switched and flexibly regulated by water, which can activate salt ionization and shield the ionic crosslink. This design principle is extensively applied to multiple polymers, producing a series of bistate materials that exhibit water‐regulated capabilities ranging from self‐healing, shape memory, remolding, antifreezing, anticompressing, and stretchability to conductivity. These bistate materials are used for diverse functions, such as performing mechanical tasks, sensing and monitoring human movements, lighting LEDs, and outputting signals. This work opens an avenue for the development of next‐generation stiffness‐changeable materials with diverse functionalities for various designed applications.
Self‐Healing and Stretchable Molecular Ferroelectrics with High Expandability
Authors: Wang Zhongxuan , Yang Haochen , Zhu Long , Wang Qian , Quan Lina , Chen Po‐Yen , Ren Shenqiang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe interplay between crystal ordering and stretchability is frequently encountered in contemporary materials science, particularly in the case of ferroelectrics. The inherent dilemma arises when these materials need to withstand repetitive mechanical deformations or stretching without sacrificing their crystal integrity, all while retaining their remarkable ferroelectric properties and even exhibiting self‐healing capabilities. This complexity further presents a significant challenge in the design and engineering of mechanically rigid molecular ferroelectric crystals, particularly for applications where both precise crystalline structure and mechanical adaptability are crucial. In this study, the humidity‐controlled expansion and contraction, dissolution, and recrystallization of a self‐assembled molecular ferroelectric‐in‐hydrogel framework are reported. Self‐healing ferroelectric‐in‐hydrogel networks exhibit a recyclable humidity‐tailored ionic conductivity from 2.86 × 10−6 to 1.36 × 10−5 S cm−1, facilitating the stretchable piezoelectric sensing. Additionally, the dynamic bond reforming interactions are observed, leading to the tailoring of Young's modulus from 452 to 170 MPa, maintaining ferroelectricity under a strain of 20% with a piezoelectric coefficient of 15.7 pC N−1. Upon lattice contraction, the molecular contacts undergo reforming, leading to the restoration of stretchable ferroelectrics/piezoelectrics and paving the way for stretchable bioelectronics for full‐body motion monitoring. The capabilities highlighted here open avenues for stretchable and self‐healing ferroelectric‐in‐hydrogel bioelectronic technologies.
Surface Electric Dipole Moment Engineering of All‐Inorganic Transparent Solid Matrix for Information Encryption and X‐Ray Imaging
Authors: Liu Xiaoqing , Xu Yinsheng , Zhang Xianghua , Xia Mengling 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPerovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) show excellent optoelectronic performance and controlled synthesis of PNCs is arising as research hot spot recently. Transparent all‐inorganic glass matrix has been proved perfect protector of PNCs from aggregation. However, the precise precipitation of PNCs in glass with high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) through a facile routing is still challenge. Here, site‐specifically crystallization of PNCs are rationally designed in all‐inorganic transparent solid matrix through surface electric dipole moment engineering, achieving exceptional PLQY (89.9%). Modifying the orientation of the surface electric dipole moment reduces the water‐induced nucleation barrier and promotes the crystallization of PNCs at the selected sites. In addition, the inherent ionic structure and low formation energy of CsPbBr3 PNCs allow the luminescent structure to be erased by annealing and then recovered by water‐inducing. Combining the intense luminescence, high stability and completely reversable crystallization, the applications of PNCs‐glass in information encryption and reusable X‐ray dosimeter and imaging are demonstrated. The PNCs‐glass scintillation screen achieves the X‐ray imaging resolution of 17.5 lp mm−1, which is the highest among all the PNCs based scintillation screen.
Multifunctional Anisotropic Aerogels for Intelligent Electromagnetic Wave Absorption
Authors: Yin Fangming , Lin Husitu , Wang Wenzhuang , Zhao Linjie , Paul Rajib , Li Jianhua , Liu Wei , Kong Duanyang , Jiang Yuqin , Hu Chuangang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe rapidly developing modern society has higher requirements for intelligent electromagnetic wave absorbing (EMA) materials than ever before. Herein, lightweight, multifunctional metal‐free carbon‐based aerogels (RCPs) with a longitudinal honeycomb porous framework and a transverse neatly layered structure are obtained by heat‐treating graphene oxide/oxidized carbon nanotubes/hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene complex to simultaneously achieve the tunable EMA, flame retardancy, and thermal insulation. The anisotropic structure ensures the tunable properties of the carbon aerogels along with tilt angles according to environmental needs. The honeycomb porous structure effectively promotes multiple reflections and scatterings of electromagnetic waves compared with the layered structure, maximizing the penetration inside the material and thus a high EMA performance. The optimized R10C2P‐4 exhibits a minimum reflection loss in the longitudinal direction of−61.5 dB, while the value is as low as −22.4 dB in the transverse direction. Furthermore, the porous structure adequately inhibits the spread of heat, accompanied by the phosphorus species induced by hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene pyrolysis, endowing a good flame retardancy and thermal insulation with a low thermal conductivity of 20.6 mW m−1 K−1 in the longitudinal direction, rather than the transverse direction. This work provides an ingenious insight into the design of multifunctional EMA materials, adapting flexibly to various application requirements.
Multifunctional Roles of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in a Reversible Shape‐Memory Composite
Authors: Fong Mun‐Oon , Chen Xiangping , Wong Jie‐Wei , Lok Tow‐Jie , Li Siyang , Low Jia Tee , Nordin Nur Syahirra , Miao Zhikun , Hu Qiannan , Neffe Axel T. , Wong Tuck‐Whye , Li Tiefeng , Yang Wei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe utilization of functional fillers in the development of composite materials has come a long way since its advent to improve physical, chemical, or mechanical properties of the base material. However, the heterogenous roles contributed by a single type of filler remain uncommon in this field. Here the endowment of various modifications to a 1,8‐octanediol/1,12‐dodecanedioic acid/citric acid (OD/DDA/CA) matrix through the incorporation of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) is reported. Owing to the relaxation and hysteresis loss behaviors of IONPs when exposed to an alternating magnetic field (AMF), the composites demonstrate a magnetothermal response. Similarly, the excitation and relaxation of electrons in IONPs under near‐infrared light (NIR) enable photothermic‐responsiveness. In combination, two findings nurtured an observed shape‐memory effect when the samples are under actuation by these indirect stimuli, where a shape recovery ratio (≥98%) and reversible strain (≤7%) are recorded. Moreover, the catalytic role of IONPs aided transesterification in the covalent network, demonstrated by successful repeated cycles of shape reconfiguration of the samples. This work highlights the prospectives of multifunctional composite fillers in the exploration of bio‐derived composite smart materials.
Ordered and Expanded Li Ion Channels for Dendrite‐Free and Fast Kinetics Lithium–Sulfur Battery
Authors: Cai Da‐Qian , Zhao Shi‐Xi , Liu Huan , Zhou Shuyu , Gao Tong , Rao Ruihua , Zhao Jianwei , Deng Yirui , Yang Jin‐Lin , Liu Ruiping 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe uncontrolled polysulfide shuttling and lithium dendrite growth greatly impede the practical implementation of Li–S batteries. These issues can be alleviated by constructing an artificial layer that immobilizes soluble polysulfides and regulates Li+ flux. Here, a layer‐expanded lithium montmorillonite is fabricated through molecular intercalation to serve as a dual regulator for Li–S batteries. The lithiophilic montmorillonite, with its ordered and expanded Li+ diffusion channels, exhibits a high transference number, and promotes homogeneous Li deposition. Additionally, its moderate adsorption of polysulfides, combined with favorable Li diffusion behavior, enhanced the redox kinetics of sulfur species. This unique structure enables a prolonged lifespan of 1000 cycles at 0.5C with a low capacity decay of 0.04% per cycle for practical Li–S batteries.
In Vitro Modeling of Atherosclerosis Using iPSC‐Derived Blood Vessel Organoids
Authors: Kong Dasom , Ryu Jae‐Chul , Shin Nari , Lee Seung‐Eun , Kim Nam Gyo , Kim Hee‐Yeong , Kim Min‐Ji , Choi Jungju , Kim Da‐Hyun , Kang Kyung‐Sun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAs modeling of atherosclerosis requires recapitulating complex interactions with vasculature and immune cells, previous in vitro models have limitations due to their insufficient 3D vascular structures. However, induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived blood vessel organoids (BVOs) are applicable for modeling vascular diseases, containing multiple cell types, including endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells self‐assembled into a blood vessel structure. Atherosclerotic BVOs with a microenvironment associated with atherogenesis, such as shear stress, low‐density lipoprotein, pro‐inflammatory cytokine, and monocyte co‐culture are successfully developed. In atherosclerotic BVOs, representative atherosclerotic phenotypes, including endothelial dysfunction, inflammatory responses, formation of foam cells and fibrous plaque, and moreover, calcification of the plaques are observed. To verify the drug response in this model, it is treated with clinically used lovastatin and confirm phenotype attenuation. Furthermore, the therapeutic efficacy of nano‐sized graphene oxides (NGOs) is evaluated on atherosclerosis. Due to their anti‐inflammatory effects, NGOs effectively alleviate the pathologic lesions in atherosclerotic BVOs by promoting macrophage polarization toward M2. These results suggest that atherosclerotic BVOs are advanced in vitro models suitable for drug discovery and elucidation of therapeutic mechanisms. From the perspective of precision medicine, this platform using patient‐derived BVOs can be further employed for personalized drug screening in the future.
Casting New Light on the Retinol and Retinyl Palmitate Functions as Chemical Enhancers for Transdermal/Topical Drug Delivery
Authors: Ren Yun‐Hao , Zhou Qi , Xu Yang , Xu Bei‐Ning , Shu Peng , Peng Li‐Hua 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRetinol and retinyl palmitate, with excellent whitening and antioxidant activities, are widely used as essential functional ingredients in transdermal preparations and skincare products. Herein, for the first time, the influence and underlying mechanisms of retinol and retinyl palmitate on the skin penetration of caffeine are investigated. It is found that the penetration of caffeine is very significantly enhanced by retinol and retinyl palmitate with 2.83 and 2.57 folds, respectively. Mechanistic studies showed that they can disrupt the lipids of intercellular orderly arrangement and reduce the content of orthorhombic lattices in the skin, making the skin loose and the barrier function decreased. Furthermore, due to the formation of chemical bonds with the skin keratin, they have a strong affinity with the skin, changing the dense secondary structure of keratin with a reduced skin barrier effect. This study provides new evidence for the potential of retinol and retinyl palmitate as novel skin penetration enhancers with high safety that possess great potential for application in the transdermal delivery of pharmaceutical and cosmetic active substances.
Robustly Injectable Tetra‐PEG Hydrogel Sealants for Annulus Fibrosus Repair
Authors: Tang Guoke , Li Yucai , Liu Yi , Lin Lan , Wang Jielin , Wang Xing , Ye Xiaojian 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDiscectomy serves as the primary therapeutic approach for lumbar disc herniation, but the annular fibrosus defects after discectomy may lead to recurrence of disc herniation. Despite recent advances in bioinspired adhesives to seal the AF defect, the growing popularity of endoscopic discectomy has put forward high requirements for the tissue bioadhesives with rapid injectability, easy operation, and robust tissue adhesion in underwater environments. Herein, a rapidly in situ forming injectable tetra‐PEG bioadhesive (ISG) comprising of FDA‐approved tetra‐armed poly (ethylene glycol) amine (tetra‐PEG‐NH2) and tetra‐armed poly (ethylene glycol) succinimidyl glutarate (tetra‐PEG‐SG) for the sutureless closure of AF defects, is reported. Relying on quick ammonolysis reaction between N‐hydroxysuccinimide (NHS)‐ester of tetra‐PEG‐SG polymer and amine groups of tetra‐PEG‐NH2 polymer and tissue proteins, the uniform networks are formed within seconds with easy injection, efficient waterproofness, instant tissue adhesion, and durable compliance. The goat lumbar discectomy model was used to assess the effect of ISG hydrogels in vivo. The results reveal that the resultant ISG bioadhesive can effectively maintain the disc height, fuse with the host tissue, ameliorate IVD degeneration, and retain the initial biomechanics. Together, this study provides an efficient strategy of in situ injectable glue for the minimally invasive treatment of AF defects.