bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circulating IGFBP‐2: a novel biomarker for incident dementia
Authors: McGrath Emer R. , Himali Jayandra J. , Levy Daniel , Conner Sarah C. , DeCarli Charles S. , Pase Matthew P. , Courchesne Paul , Satizabal Claudia L. , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Beiser Alexa S. , Seshadri Sudha 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the association between plasma insulin‐like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP‐2) and cognitive outcomes.MethodsWe measured plasma IGFBP‐2 levels in 1596 (53% women, mean age 68.7 [SD 5.7] years) dementia‐free Framingham Offspring cohort participants between 1998 and 2001. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models related plasma IGFBP‐2 to subsequent risk of incident dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. MRI brain measures and cognitive performance were included as secondary outcomes.ResultsDuring a median follow‐up of 11.8 (Q1, Q3: 7.1, 13.3) years, 131 participants developed incident dementia, of whom 98 were diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease. The highest tertile of IGFBP‐2, compared to the lowest tertile, was associated with an increased risk of incident all‐cause dementia (hazard ratio [HR] 2.89, 95% CI 1.63–5.13) and Alzheimer’s disease (HR 3.63, 95% CI 1.76–7.50) in multivariable analysis. Higher circulating IGFBP2 levels were also cross‐sectionally associated with poorer performance on tests of abstract reasoning but not with MRI‐based outcomes. After adding plasma IGFBP‐2 levels to a conventional dementia prediction model, 32% of individuals with dementia were correctly assigned a higher predicted risk, while 8% of individuals without dementia were correctly assigned a lower predicted risk (overall net reclassification improvement index, 0.40, 95% CI 0.22–0.59).InterpretationElevated circulating IGFBP‐2 levels were associated with an increased risk of both all‐cause dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Addition of IGFBP2 plasma levels to a model of traditional risk factors significantly improved dementia risk classification. Manipulation of insulin‐like growth factor signaling via IGFBP‐2 may be a promising therapeutic target for dementia.
Mediation of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Autoimmune Conditions by Pregnancy Complications: A Mediation Analysis of Autoimmune Conditions and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes
Authors: Bandoli Gretchen , Singh Namrata , Strouse Jennifer , Baer Rebecca J. , Donovan Brittney M. , Feuer Sky K. , Nidey Nichole , Ryckman Kelli K. , Jelliffe‐Pawlowski Laura L. , Chambers Christina D. 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveAutoimmune conditions are associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy complications and outcomes, suggesting that pregnancy complications may mediate the excess risk. We performed a causal mediation analysis to quantify the mediated effects of autoimmune conditions on adverse pregnancy outcomes.MethodsWe queried a California birth cohort created from linked birth certificates and hospital discharge summaries. From 2,963,888 births, we identified women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), psoriasis, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Pregnancy complications included preeclampsia/hypertension, gestational diabetes mellitus, and infection in pregnancy. Adverse pregnancy outcomes were preterm birth, cesarean delivery, and small for gestational age. We performed a mediation analysis to estimate the total effects of each autoimmune condition and adverse pregnancy outcome and the indirect effects through pregnancy complications.ResultsAll 4 autoimmune conditions were associated with preterm birth and cesarean delivery, and RA, SLE, and IBD were associated with offspring that were small for gestational age. The strongest mediator of RA, SLE, and psoriasis was preeclampsia/hypertension, accounting for 20–33% of the excess risk of preterm births and 10–19% of excess cesarean deliveries. Gestational diabetes mellitus and infections generally mediated <10% of excess adverse pregnancy outcomes. Of the 4 autoimmune conditions, selected pregnancy complications mediated the least number of adverse pregnancy outcomes among women with IBD.ConclusionWe found evidence that some excess risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes is mediated through pregnancy complications, particularly preeclampsia/hypertension. Quantifying excess risk and associated pathways provides insight into the underlying etiologies of adverse pregnancy outcomes and can inform intervention strategies.
“I Don’t Have to Think About Watching the Ground”: A Qualitative Study Exploring the Concept of Vigilance as an Important Outcome for Ankle Reconstruction
Authors: Pinsker Ellie B. , Sale Joanna E. M. , Gignac Monique A. M. , Daniels Timothy R. , Beaton Dorcas E. 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveTo understand patients’ experiences of ankle reconstruction for treatment of end‐stage ankle osteoarthritis.MethodsIndividuals were recruited from a cohort of individuals who had undergone total ankle replacement or ankle fusion. English‐speaking individuals who had surgery at least 1 year prior were invited to participate. Semistructured, face‐to‐face interviews relying on a phenomenological approach were conducted in a private hospital clinic room.ResultsA total of 25 adults (12 women, 13 men), ages 25–82 years, were interviewed for 1–2 hours. Participants commonly described a state of having to keep careful watch for potential environmental challenges. Vigilance was related to ongoing symptoms (i.e., pain, stiffness) and concerns regarding balance, stability, and potential damage to the fused ankle or implant. Vigilance was described along a continuum, with higher levels associated with stress and mental exhaustion. Vigilance affected participants’ perception of their surgical outcome, with high vigilance levels linked to negative perceptions of outcome. The degree to which individuals perceived the need for vigilance was influenced by environmental factors like uneven ground or crowds. Contrary to descriptions of vigilance in the coping literature, vigilance related to ankle reconstruction constituted a situational, rather than dispositional, response.ConclusionVigilance and its associated burden are not captured by current instruments. The mental load and worry associated with vigilance was important to patients, distinct from related pain or functional status. Thus, reducing high levels of vigilance appears to be an appropriate target for patient‐centered treatment outcomes. A thorough battery of outcome measures for ankle reconstruction should consider this domain.
Laser‐Generated Nanocrystals in Perovskite: Universal Embedding of Ligand‐Free and Sub‐10 nm Nanocrystals in Solution‐Processed Metal Halide Perovskite Films for Effectively Modulated Optoelectronic Performance
Authors: Guo Pengfei , Yang Xiaokun , Ye Qian , Zhang Jin , Wang Hongyue , Yu Huiwu , Zhao Wenhao , Liu Chen , Yang He , Wang Hongqiang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRegulating the chemical/physical features of solution processed metal halide perovskite films by integrating sub‐10 nm nanocrystals is a highly promising strategy to advance their outstanding optoelectronic performance. However, significant challenges remain for the universal embedding of the well‐defined nanocrystals in the film matrix. By generating nanocrystals in desired solvents via pulsed laser irradiation in liquid, the authors demonstrate the effective decoration of sub‐10 nm nanocrystals in perovskite films for enhanced optoelectronic performance. It is believed that this improved performance is due to the modification of the widely adopted “antisolvent” to a novel “anti‐colloidal‐solution” (ACS). Exemplified by a typical ACS; carbon dots in chlorobenzene, its encouraging superiority in regulating, not only the films morphology, but also the electronic structure, is demonstrated. This results in perovskite solar cells with a champion efficiency of 21.41% as well as a pronounced stability over 5000 h in relative humidity of 40%. The capability of nanocrystal embedding for boosted photovoltaic performance is further exploited by employing other laser generated ACSs. Such a strategy may open up a route to regulating hybrid perovskite film performance via nanocrystal embedding for photovoltaics or even beyond optoelectronic applications.
Optimal heating profiles in tubular reactors with solid‐phase axial wall conduction for isothermal operation
Authors: Venkateswaran Sunjeev , Wilhite Benjamin , Kravaris Costas 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOptimal heat input profiles to maintain near isothermal operation in endothermic tubular reactors with axial solid‐phase conduction were derived using a one‐dimensional steady state plug flow model capturing the main transport phenomena in flow reactors. A cost criterion to minimize the deviation from isothermality was defined and optimal control theory is applied to calculate the optimal heating profiles as a function of position. It is shown the perfect isothermality is mathematically possible only if the wall conduction term is infinitesimally small. Using singular optimal control theory, analytical expressions of the input profiles are derived including a simple criterion for near‐isothermal operation in terms of dimensionless reactor parameters.
Male infant with paternal uniparental diploidy mosaicism and a 46,XX/46,XY karyotype
Authors: Spier Isabel , Engels Hartmut , Stutte Sonja , Reutter Heiko , Bartels Enrika , Matos Meder Sarah , Begemann Matthias , Mangold Elisabeth , Eggermann Thomas 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA male patient with mosaic paternal uniparental diploidy (PUD) is presented. After birth, the patient presented with hypoglycemia, hemihypertrophy, umbilical hernia, and hepatomegaly. Afterward pancreatic hypertrophy, liver hemangiomas, and cysts were detected sonographically. At the age of 3.5 months, hepatoblastoma was diagnosed. To investigate suspected Beckwith‐Wiedemann syndrome (BWS), extensive genetic analyses were performed using DNA from chorionic villus sampling, amniocentesis, and peripheral blood lymphocytes (chromosome analysis, methylation‐specific multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification assays, microsatellite analyses, and single nucleotide polymorphism array analysis). These analyses led to the detection of mosaic PUD. In peripheral blood lymphocytes, a male cell line (46,XY[27]/46,XX[5]) predominated, suggesting a mixture of uniparental isodisomy and heterodisomy. The genetic analyses suggest that the mosaic PUD status was attributable to fertilization of an oocyte by two sperms, with subsequent triploidy rescue giving rise to haploidy, which in turn was rescued. Notably, in the majority of the 28 mosaic PUD patients reported to date, BWS was initially suspected. Mosaic PUD status is associated with a higher risk for a broad range of malignant and benign tumors than in BWS. As tumors can also occur after childhood surveillance into adolescence is indicated. Mosaic PUD must therefore be considered in patients with suspected BWS.
Early life maternal sociality predicts juvenile sociality in blue monkeys
Authors: Thompson Nicole A. , Cords Marina 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMaternal effects are widespread in living organisms though little is known about whether they shape individual affiliative social behavior in primates. Further, it remains a question whether maternal effects on affiliative behavior differ by offspring sex, as they do in other physiological systems, especially in species with high levels of adult sexual dimorphism and divergence in social niches. We explored how direct and indirect experiences of maternal affiliative behavior during infancy predicted affiliative behavior approximately 1–6 years later during the juvenile period, using behavioral data from 41 wild blue monkey juveniles and their 29 mothers, and controlling for individual age, sex, and maternal rank. Female juveniles spent less time grooming with any partner and with peers the more maternal grooming they received during infancy, whereas males groomed more with any partner and with peers. Similarly, the more that mothers groomed with other adult females during subjects’ infancy, female subjects played less with peers, and male subjects played more as juveniles. Further, this maternal effect on social behavior appears specific to early life, as the same aspects of mothers’ sociality measured throughout subjects’ development did not predict juvenile behavior. Overall, our results suggest that both direct and indirect experience of mother's affiliative behavior during infancy influence an individual's affiliation later in life that sexes respond differently to the maternal affiliation, and that the first year of life is a critical window.
Bioinspirierte Nicht‐Häm‐Eisenoxidationskatalyse: Beteiligung von Oxoeisen(V)‐Oxidantien an der Spaltung starker C‐H‐Bindungen
Authors: Kal Subhasree , Xu Shuangning , Que Lawrence 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNicht‐Häm‐Eisenenzyme generieren leistungsstarke und vielfältige Oxidantien, die eine Vielzahl an Oxidationsreaktionen vermitteln, einschließlich der Funktionalisierung von inerten C‐H‐Bindungen, die eine anspruchsvolle Aufgabe für Chemiker darstellt. Die oxidativen Fähigkeiten dieser Enzyme inspirieren Bioorganiker zur Entwicklung synthetischer Modelle, um die Fähigkeit solcher Enzyme zur Vermittlung schwierigster Oxidationsreaktionen nachzuahmen und die Mechanismen derartiger Transformationen zu erforschen. Eisen‐Sauerstoff‐Intermediate wie Eisen(III)‐Hydroperoxo‐Spezies und hochvalente Eisen‐Sauerstoff‐Spezies wurden bei Untersuchungen dieser bioinspirierten katalytischen Systemen abgefangen und identifiziert, wobei Letztgenannte als aktives Oxidationsmittel für die meisten dieser Systeme vorgeschlagen wurden. In diesem Aufsatz heben wir die jüngsten spektroskopischen und mechanistischen Fortschritte hervor, die Licht auf die verschiedenen Wege geworfen haben, die von bioinspirierten Nicht‐Häm‐Eisensystemen zur Bildung der hochvalenten Eisen‐Sauerstoff‐Zwischenprodukte genutzt werden können.
Novel bifunctional lanthanide‐centered nanophosphors for latent fingerprint detection and anti‐counterfeiting applications
Authors: Saif M. , Fouad R. 
Published: August 2019

Production of hybrid organic/inorganic complexes such as lanthanide phosphors in the nanodomain for human fingerprint visualization and anti‐counterfeiting ink under biocompatible UVA and blue light has not yet been studied that thoroughly. This paper presents the preparation of novel, bifunctional, green and red nanophosphors based on Eu3+ and Tb3+ complexes with quinolinone ligand (H2L). They have been prepared and characterized for latent fingerprint detection and anti‐counterfeiting ink applications. The analytical data confirm that the ligand acts in a monoanionic bidentate manner through OO donor sites, forming mononuclear complexes, formulated as [Ln(HL)3(C2H5OH)3] (Ln = Eu3+ or Tb3+; L = 1‐ethyl‐4‐hydroxy‐3‐(nitroacetyl)quinolin‐2‐(1H)‐one). The Eu3+ and Tb3+ complexes have nanospherical morphologies with average particle sizes of 17 and 5 nm, respectively. Pure red and green photoluminescence with long lifetime values has been obtained from the Eu3+ and Tb3+ complexes, respectively, under non‐harmful UVA and blue illumination. Latent fingerprint details, including their characteristic three levels, have been clearly identified from various forensic (non‐porous, semi‐porous, highly fluorescent porous) substrates using red (Eu3+) and green (Tb3+) nanophosphors. The green nanophosphor powder has a greater capability for visualizing latent fingerprints from highly fluorescent porous surfaces as compared to the red one. Both nanophosphor complexes have been used to develop luminescent ink for anti‐counterfeiting applications.
Silicotungstic acid modified Ce‐Fe‐Ox catalyst for selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3: Effect of the amount of HSiW
Authors: Song Zhongxian , Xing Yun , Zhang Xuejun , Zhao Heng , Zhao Min , Zhao Jinggang , Ma Zi'ang , Zhang Qiulin 
Published: August 2019

The HSiW(x)/Ce‐Fe catalysts were used to research the effect of silicotungstic acid contents on the catalytic activity in the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3. Doping different contents of silicotungstic acid affected surface species and redox property as well as the catalytic activity. With the increasing amount of HSiW (x = 5%, 10% and 20%), the redox reaction between Fe3+/Fe2+ and Ce4+/Ce3+ enhanced, which could improve the ratio of Ce3+ and Fe3+. And then, more Ce3+ increased the ratio of chemisorbed oxygen (Oα). Besides, the type and strength of acid sites over HSiW(x)/Ce‐Fe was affected by the HSiW contents. These factors facilitated the catalytic performance. Thus, the NOx conversion of HSiW(x)/Ce‐Fe(x = 20%) was higher than 90%, which maintained in a wide temperature range between 200 and 400 °C.
Investigating the catalytic activity of a novel phase‐boundary catalyst in oxidation of styrene
Authors: Yaghoubidoust Fatemeh , Salimi Esmaeil , A. Ati Ali , Nur Hadi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractInhibiting the environment pollutions motivated the development of green catalytic systems. The present research proposed a novel model of phase‐boundary catalyst by using octadecyltrichlorosilane/polypyrrole/reduced graphene oxide/cotton (OTS/PPy/RGO/CT) for the oxidation of styrene by aqueous hydrogen peroxide. The catalytic activities were examined in both stirring and static conditions. The effect of electric current was also studied in static condition. The structural properties of the fabricated catalysts were characterized by X‐ray diffractometer, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and thermal analysis. Moreover, the influence of PPy and RGO on electrical current of textile was also examined by using four‐point probe technique. The catalytic activity of OTS/RGO/CT showed that the RGO could act as the catalytic active site in the oxidation of styrene with aqueous hydrogen peroxide, as indicated by the 21% enhancement in the conversion of styrene when the RGO amount was increased (12 times) in OTS/RGO/CT in stirring condition. Finally, it could be stated that RGO‐loaded cotton textile was a promising heterogonous catalyst for the oxidation reaction, specifically for the oxidation of styrene with aqueous hydrogen peroxide.
Near‐visible stereolithography of a low shrinkage cationic/free‐radical photopolymer blend and its nanocomposite
Authors: Invernizzi Marta , Suriano Raffaella , Muscatello Allegra , Turri Stefano , Levi Marinella 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTIn this work, a newly prepared cationic/free‐radical photopolymer, which consists of two epoxies and a tetrafunctional acrylate, is presented for the first time for a visible light stereolithography (SL), showing the advantages of both cationic and free‐radical resins. An onium salt, commonly used as a cationic UV initiator, and a photosensitizer make the blend suitable for a near‐visible (405 nm) SL. An increase in the polymerization rate and a drop in the induction period are observed for the newly prepared cationic/free‐radical blend, compared with either only cationic systems or free‐radical resins. This suggests that the combination of cationic and free‐radical polymerizations in a single resin has a positive synergistic effect. The addition of silica nanoparticles to the blend provides a reinforcing and toughening effect. Indeed, the resin loaded with silica shows a 31% increase in the elastic modulus, compared with the unfilled resin. Regarding the values of tensile strength and elongation at break, they, respectively, grow by 47 and 15%, when the nanocomposite resin is compared with the neat resin. A very low volumetric shrinkage of 0.7% and a remarkable printing quality of objects obtained with this new photopolymer will enable the 3D printing of microrobots, bioengineering microdevices, and sensors. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48333.
Porous carbon nanosheet with high surface area derived from waste poly(ethylene terephthalate) for supercapacitor applications
Authors: Wen Yanliang , Kierzek Krzysztof , Min Jiakang , Chen Xuecheng , Gong Jiang , Niu Ran , Wen Xin , Azadmanjiri Jalal , Mijowska Ewa , Tang Tao 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTConverting waste plastics into valuable carbon materials has obtained increasing attention. In addition, carbon materials have shown to be the ideal electrode materials for double‐layer supercapacitors owing to their large specific surface area, high electrical conductivity, and stable physicochemical properties. Herein, an easily operated approach is established to efficiently convert waste poly(ethylene terephthalate) beverage bottles into porous carbon nanosheet (PCNS) through the combined processes of catalytic carbonization and KOH activation. PCNS features an ultrahigh specific surface area (2236 m2 g−1), hierarchically porous architecture, and a large pore volume (3.0 cm3 g−1). Such excellent physicochemical properties conjointly contribute to the outstanding supercapacitive performance: 169 F g−1 (6 M KOH) and 135 F g−1 (1 M Na2SO4). Furthermore, PCNS shows a high capacitance of 121 F g−1 and a corresponding energy density of 30.6 Wh kg−1 at 0.2 A g−1 in the electrolyte of 1 M TEATFB/PC. When the current density increases to 10 A g−1, the capacitance remains at 95 F g−1, indicating the extraordinary rate capability. This work not only proposes a facile approach to synthesize PCNS for supercapacitors, but also puts forward a potential sustainable way to recycle waste plastics and further hopefully mitigates the waste plastics‐related environmental issues. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48338.
Deformation and failure of polycarbonate in an electric field
Authors: Zhang Ci , Li Zhenpeng , Zhu Lei , Olah Andrew , Baer Eric 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTElectrically induced mechanical stress was produced on a monolithic polycarbonate (PC) film when subjected to an instantaneous direct current voltage using a needle‐plane electrode setup. Three different experimental methods were used to investigate the electrically induced mechanical deformation on the glassy PC film, namely, morphological observation, energy loss analysis, and dielectric hysteresis study. It was found that the PC film exhibited elastic behavior at the nominal electric field below 200 MV m−1, showing no indentation on the film surface. When the nominal field was above 200 MV m−1, a spherical indentation was created. The depth and diameter of the deformation increased in response to the applied electric field. Subsequent thermal annealing of the deformed film revealed a recoverable “delayed elastic” and an unrecoverable “plastic” deformation. A three‐stage electrically induced mechanical deformation mechanism was proposed based on the experimental results, including a correlation between the energy loss and the deformed volume. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48341.
One‐Pot Cascade Transformation of Glucal into Structurally Diverse Drug‐Like Scaffolds
Authors: Yao Hui , Willam Ronny , Wang Siming , He Jingxi , Guo Tai , Liu Xue‐Wei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA diversity‐oriented synthesis strategy to produce three types of structurally drug‐like N‐heterocyclic‐fused rings has been developed from abundant biomass‐derived d‐glucal, aniline and water in a stereoselective manner. The overall transformation which entails a cascade of Ferrier reaction and 4π conrotatory imino‐Nazarov cyclization was performed in one‐pot allowing convenient preparation of scaffolds of high molecular complexity from relatively simple starting materials. While indoline‐fused products were readily accessible using ortho‐unsubstituted secondary anilines as substrates, reactions with ortho‐hydroxyl‐anilines furnished fused 1,4‐benzoxazines instead. In both cases, InBr3 acted as the Lewis acid catalyst. By altering InBr3 to Ln(OTf)3, the indoline‐fused products could be further converted into tetrahydroquinoline‐fused cyclopentenones via ensuing retro‐ene rearrangement.