bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐throughput screening method for evaluating spatial repellency and vapour toxicity to mosquitoes
Authors: Jiang S. , Yang L. , Bloomquist J. R. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSpatial repellents are an essential tool for personal protection against mosquitoes that bite and transmit disease pathogens to humans. Current repellent screening methods, such as olfactometers and alternative choice tests, are complex systems that require a relatively large quantity of compound (mg). The present study validates a high‐throughput spatial repellent screening method using a glass tube that has the ends covered with netting, in addition to treated filters and plastic end caps. The apparatus occupies relatively little space, is easy to decontaminate, and requires small amounts of compound (μg). In a horizontal tube orientation, DEET (N,N‐diethyl‐meta‐toluamide), citronella oil and IR3535 had 1 h half repellent concentration (EC50) values of 32, 32 and 298 μg/cm2, respectively, against the Orlando strain of Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae). Vertical tube orientation increased EC50 values by approximately two‐fold, except IR3535, which remained essentially unchanged. Transfluthrin showed concentration‐dependent spatial repellency (1 h EC50 = 0.5 μg/cm2) without any knockdown, although only in vertical tubes. Transfluthrin showed 50% knockdown in 1 h at 0.5 μg/cm2 and 50% mortality at 0.15 μg/cm2 in horizontal tubes. In conclusion, this high‐throughput screening method is useful for assessing vapour toxicity and the spatial repellency of candidate molecules prior to semi‐field and field studies.
Early disease course is unaltered in mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA (MPS IIIA) mice lacking α‐synuclein
Authors: Soe K. , Beard H. , Neumann D. , Trim P. J. , Duplock S. , Snel M. F. , Hopwood J. J. , Hemsley K. M. 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundSanfilippo syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA; MPS IIIA) is an inherited paediatric‐onset neurodegenerative disorder caused by the lysosomal deficiency of sulphamidase with subsequent accumulation of heparan sulphate. The pathological mechanisms responsible for clinical disease are unknown; however, intraneuronal accumulation of aggregation‐prone proteins such as α‐synuclein, phosphorylated tau and amyloid precursor protein suggests inefficient intracellular trafficking and lysosomal degradation.AimTo investigate the contribution the accumulating α‐synuclein plays in early symptom emergence that is, impaired cognition, reduced anxiety and motor deficits, first detectable between 3–5 months of age.MethodsWe have crossed congenic MPS IIIA mice with α‐synuclein‐deficient (Sncatm1Rosl/J) mice and evaluated phenotype and brain disease lesions.ResultsIn a battery of behavioural tests performed on mice aged 12–22 weeks, we were unable to differentiate α‐synuclein‐deficient MPS IIIA mice from those with one or both copies of the α‐synuclein gene; all three affected genotypes were significantly impaired in test performance when compared to wild‐type littermates. Histological studies revealed that the rate, location and nature of deposition of other proteinaceous lesions, the disruption to endolysosomal protein expression and the inflammatory response seen in the brain of α‐synuclein‐deficient MPS IIIA mice reflected that seen in MPS IIIA mice homo‐ or heterozygous for α‐synuclein.ConclusionDeletion and/or deficiency of α‐synuclein does not influence clinical and neuropathological disease progression in murine MPS IIIA, demonstrating that in and of itself, this protein does not initiate the cognitive and motor symptoms that occur in the first 5 months of life in MPS IIIA mice.
The experience of being a couple during an intensive care unit admission
Authors: Vester Louise B. , Dreyer Pia , Holm Anna , Lorentzen Vibeke 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn critical care nursing, a trend has been seen towards growing attention to the family experience of critical illness. Despite trends moving towards care of the family as a unit, previous research has focused on individual family members' experience of critical illness. Exploring the life world of the family, especially that of spouses and their interaction, is essential to providing family‐centred critical care and has not previously been described.AimTo explore the lived experience of being a couple during admission to an intensive care unit.DesignData were collected through dyadic semi‐structured interviews with four couples who had experienced admission to an intensive care unit. Interviews were audio‐taped and transcribed verbatim.MethodGrounded in the phenomenological–hermeneutic tradition, data were analysed using Ricoeur's theory of interpretation, using a method described by Dreyer and Pedersen.ResultsBy way of analysis, the life world of being a couple during admission to an intensive care unit was disclosed and divided into themes: For better and for worse; The meaningful proximity; and Being a couple.ConclusionAlthough critical illness brings a sudden disruption of a couple's twosomeness, the need to remain, act as and be seen and cared for as a couple persists during admission to an intensive care unit. Therefore, couples need to be cared for as individuals and as a unit, underlining the need to follow trends towards family‐centred critical care.
Short‐term “in vivo” study on cellular DNA damage induced by acrylic Andresen activator in oral mucosa cells
Authors: Faccioni Paolo , De Santis Daniele , Sinigaglia Stefano , Pancera Paola , Faccioni Fiorenzo , Nocini Pier Francesco 
Published: March 2019

Structured AbstractObjectivesTo analyse through comet assay and micronucleus test the viability and DNA damage occurred in buccal mucosa epithelial cells after a short‐term exposure to Andresen activator resin monomers.Setting and Sample PopulationTest group consisting of 26 subjects was treated with Andresen activator; 16 subjects who had never undergone orthodontic treatment were enrolled in the control group.Material & MethodsBuccal mucosa samples were collected before treatment and after 7, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days. The analyses performed on the cells included the following: cellular viability, comet assay and micronucleus test. Mean ± SD were calculated for cellular viability, tail moment, tail intensity, tail length, micronuclei, binuclear and bud cells. Significance (P < 0.05) was evaluated with Dunnett's test.ResultsCellular viability did not change during observational time, and its trend was similar to the controls. Tail moment and tail intensity significantly increased after 30 and 60 days, respectively, whereas tail length remained unchanged over time in the test group; the same parameters did not change in the control group. In the test group, micronuclei, binuclear and bud cells significantly increased after 30, 60 and 90 days, respectively.ConclusionThe resin monomers of the Andresen activator cause genotoxic effects detectable through comet assay and micronucleus test, but they do not produce clear cytotoxic effects after a 90 days exposure.
Decreased expression of hsa_circ_0072387 as a valuable predictor for oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Dou Zhichao , Li Shaoming , Ren Wenhao , Wang Qibo , Liu Jiacheng , Kong Xinjuan , Gao Ling , Zhi Keqian 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveIncreasing evidence points toward the key function of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in various carcinomas. This study aimed to identify aberrant expression of hsa_circ_0072387 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and probe its clinical significance.Materials and MethodsReal‐time quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) was used to assess hsa_circ_0072387 expression levels in 63 paired OSCC tissues and three OSCC cell lines. The area under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to assess any potential clinical significance.ResultsOur data showed that hsa_circ_0072387 expression in OSCC was significantly downregulated compared with adjacent normal tissues (p < 0.001). Compared to human normal oral keratinocyte cell, the levels of hsa_circ_0072387 were lower in three OSCC cell lines (SCC25, SCC15, CAL27). More significantly, hsa_circ_0072387 expression was associated with the TNM stage in OSCC (p = 0.050). The area under the ROC curve reached up to 0.746. Based on bioinformatics, hsa‐miR‐129‐3p, hsa‐miR‐141‐3p, and hsa‐miR‐29‐3p were predicted to be potential miRNAs binding with hsa_circ_0072387. Furthermore, hsa‐miR‐129‐3p, hsa‐miR‐141‐3p, and hsa‐miR‐29‐3p were involved in multiple tumor‐related signaling pathways.ConclusionOur finding suggested that lower expression of has_circ_0072387 could be a key circRNA in OSCC and serve as a potential biomarker in OSCC diagnosis and therapeutic targets.
Bone Hardness of Different Anatomical Regions of Human Radius and its Impact on the Pullout Strength of Screws
Authors: Wu Wei‐wei , Zhu Yan‐bin , Chen Wei , Li Sheng , Yin Bing , Wang Jian‐zhao , Zhang Xiao‐juan , Liu Guo‐bin , Hu Zu‐sheng , Zhang Ying‐ze 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveTo investigate the bone hardness of different anatomical regions of the human radius and its impact on the pullout strength of screws.MethodsFresh radius bones were obtained from three donated cadavers. They were divided into three parts: proximal metaphysis, shaft, and distal metaphysis. The proximal metaphysis contains the head, neck, and radial tuberosity. The distal metaphysis includes the palmaris radius and the styloid process. The shaft of the radius was divided into nine segments of equal length. The bone hardness of three radiuses, one from each cadaver, was measured by Vickers microindentation hardness tests, and the screw pullout strength was examined in the other three radiuses using a materials testing machine. The trend between radius hardness and pullout strength was analyzed by using an analysis of variance randomized block design. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the linear correlation between the bone hardness and the pullout strength of the human radius.ResultsThe mean hardness ranged from 33.30 HV (the head) to 43.82 HV (the diaphysis). The hardest part of the radius was the shaft, with a value of 42.54 ± 5.59 HV. The proximal metaphysis had a hardness value of 34.15 ± 6.48 HV, and the distal metaphysis hardness value was 35.24 ± 5.17 HV. The shaft was 23.5% harder than the proximal metaphysis and 20% harder than the distal metaphysis. The microhardness test demonstrated that the bone hardness value of the diaphysis was significantly higher than those of both the proximal and distal metaphysis of the radius (both P < 0.05). The mean pullout strength values ranged from 552 N (the distal metaphysis) to 2296 N (the diaphysis). The greatest pullout strength of the radius was observed for the shaft, with a pullout strength of 1727.96 ± 111.44 N. The pullout strength of the proximal metaphysis was 726.33 ± 236.39 N, and the pullout strength of the distal metaphysis was 590.67 ± 36.30 N. The pullout strength of the shaft was 138% greater than that of the proximal metaphysis and 190% greater than that of the distal metaphysis. The pullout strength was also higher in the diaphysis than at both ends of the radius (both P < 0.05). A positive correlation was found between bone hardness and pullout strength (R = 0.927, P < 0.001).ConclusionsBone hardness and screw pullout strength are higher in the diaphysis of the radius than at either end. The pullout strength is positively related to bone hardness in the human radius.
A small yet occasional meal: predatory drill holes in Paleocene ostracods from Argentina and methods to infer predation intensity
Authors: Villegas‐Martín Jorge , Ceolin Daiane , Fauth Gerson , Klompmaker Adiël A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractOstracods are common yet understudied prey item in the fossil record. We document drill holes in Paleocene (Danian) ostracods from central Argentina using 9025 specimens representing 66 species. While the percentage of drilled specimens at assemblage‐level is only 2.3%, considerable variation exists within species (0.3–25%), suggesting prey preference by the drillers. This preference is not determined by abundance because no significant correlation is found between species abundance and drilling percentages. Seven methods were used, some of which are new, to quantify drilling percentages for the abundant and commonly drilled Togoina argentinensis. The resulting range, from 9.9% to 14.6%, suggests that drilling percentages are fairly insensitive to the method used, implying that comparisons across studies are possible. This information, combined with data from the literature, suggests the Cretaceous–Palaeogene mass extinction may have had a limited effect on drilling intensity in ostracods. The cylindrical (Oichnus simplex) and parabolic (O. paraboloides) drill holes from Argentina may have been caused primarily by naticid and possibly muricid gastropods. Two oval drill holes (O. ovalis) are morphologically similar to octopod drill holes, but their small size, the fact that extant octopods are not known to drill ostracods and the absence of such holes in co‐occurring gastropods, preclude ascription to a predator clade. Drill holes are located preferentially in the median and dorsal regions, where most soft tissue, including the adductor muscle, is located. Drilled specimens are statistically taller than non‐drilled specimens for T. argentinensis and larger predators selected larger ostracods. The drilling percentage does not significantly differ in ornamented ostracods.
Terra firma‐forme dermatosis: Differential diagnosis and response to salicylic acid therapy
Authors: Vakirlis Efstratios , Theodosiou Grigorios , Lallas Aimilios , Apalla Zoe , Sotiriou Elena 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTerra firma‐forme dermatosis (TFFD), first described by Duncan in 1987, is a relatively common but probably underdiagnosed condition, characterized by a reticular hyperpigmented dirtlike eruption resistant to washing with common soap but typically removed with rubbing with 70% isopropyl alcohol. We present a case of TFFD in an 8‐year‐old boy with rapid response to 5% salicylic acid in petrolatum ointment.
Leveraging Peer‐to‐Peer Connections to Increase Voter Participation in Local Elections
Authors: Cormack Lindsey 
Published: March 2019

In local elections, outcomes can turn on just hundreds of voters. Small‐scale political entrepreneurs find it increasingly difficult to wage effective turnout campaigns relying on traditional, costly methods of outreach. Yet a growing literature on social pressure indicates that recasting voting as a socially motivated act increases the likelihood that voters participate. In this article, I present matching analyses of the impact of a new platform that relies on peer‐to‐peer voter outreach. I find that the intervention is responsible for significant increases in the likelihood that a voter casts a ballot in low‐information elections across different sorts of voters.Related Articles
McKenzie, Mark Jonathan, Cynthia R. Rugeley, and Michael A. Unger. 2015. “” Politics & Policy 43 (): 562‐585. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12123

Reid, Traciel V., and Robert S. Moog. 2011. “.” Politics & Policy 39 (): 223‐250. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2011.00289.x

Saeki, Manabu. 2008. “.” Politics & Policy 33 (): 296‐311. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2005.tb00644.x

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The colonization processes of Myrtus communis by strains of Pseudomonas savastanoi with a differential ability to produce phytohormones
Authors: Schiff S. , Tani C. , Cimmino A. , Mandalà G. , Cinelli T. , Evidente A. , Fiori M. , Surico G. , Marchi G. 
Published: March 2019

The ability to produce indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) through the indole‐3‐acetamide (IAM) pathway as well as cytokinins is a common trait of Pseudomonas savastanoi populations causing disease on oleander and olive. These phytohormones are required for the induction and development of an outgrowth of plant cell tissue termed a knot. However, in myrtle orchards of Sardinia (Italy), strains of P. savastanoi unable to produce cytokinins were found coexisting with cytokinin‐producing strains. Data presented here show that the ability to produce IAA through the IAM pathway is also a variable trait within this population, raising questions on the exact role of these plant growth substances in the disease process on myrtle. Three P. savastanoi strains were selected based on their differential ability to produce phytohormones in vitro, and their interaction with the host was investigated over a period of 8 months using histological methods. All strains successfully invaded the infected twigs, moving systemically (unhalted by host defences) upward and downward from the inoculation point, both by completely degrading the cell walls and by taking advantage of the xylem vessels and intercellular spaces. Moreover, all strains induced the development of cankers, which slowly evolved into typical knots only on the twigs inoculated with the phytohormone‐producing strains. This study further demonstrates that cytokinins and IAA are essential for knot development; moreover, it ascertains that bacterial production of cytokinins is not necessary for host colonization and for the expression of pathogenicity (i.e. the ability to cause disease) of P. savastanoi on myrtle.
Regulating Autonomy: An Assessment of Policy Language for Highly Automated Vehicles
Authors: Schuelke‐Leech Beth‐Anne , Jordan Sara R. , Barry Betsy 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSelf‐driving cars (also known as driverless cars, autonomous vehicles, and highly automated vehicles [HAVs]) will change the regulatory, political, and ethical frameworks surrounding motor vehicles. At the highest levels of automation, HAVs are operated by independent machine agents, making decisions without the direct intervention of humans. The current transportation system assumes human intervention though, including legal and moral responsibilities of human operators. Has the development of these artificial intelligence (AI) and autonomous system (AS) technologies outpaced the ethical and political conversations? This paper examines discussions of HAVs, driver responsibility, and technology failure to highlight the differences between how the policy‐making institutions in the United States (Congress and the Public Administration) and technology and transportation experts are or are not speaking about responsibility in the context of autonomous systems technologies. We report findings from a big data analysis of corpus‐level documents to find that enthusiasm for HAVs has outpaced other discussions of the technology.
Bayesian Inference for Stochastic Differential Equation Mixed Effects Models of a Tumour Xenography Study
Authors: Picchini Umberto , Forman Julie Lyng 
Published: March 2019

SummaryWe consider Bayesian inference for stochastic differential equation mixed effects models (SDEMEMs) exemplifying tumour response to treatment and regrowth in mice. We produce an extensive study on how an SDEMEM can be fitted by using both exact inference based on pseudo-marginal Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling and approximate inference via Bayesian synthetic likelihood (BSL). We investigate a two-compartments SDEMEM, corresponding to the fractions of tumour cells killed by and survived on a treatment. Case-study data consider a tumour xenography study with two treatment groups and one control, each containing 5–8 mice. Results from the case-study and from simulations indicate that the SDEMEM can reproduce the observed growth patterns and that BSL is a robust tool for inference in SDEMEMs. Finally, we compare the fit of the SDEMEM with a similar ordinary differential equation model. Because of small sample sizes, strong prior information is needed to identify all model parameters in the SDEMEM and it cannot be determined which of the two models is the better in terms of predicting tumour growth curves. In a simulation study we find that with a sample of 17 mice per group BSL can identify all model parameters and distinguish treatment groups.
Predictive Validity of the MINI Suicidality Subscale for Suicide Attempts in a Homeless Population With Mental Illness
Authors: Katz Cara , Roos Leslie E. , Wang Yunqiao , Bolton James , Hwang Stephen W. , Katz Laurence Y. , Bourque Jimmy , Adair Carol E. , Somers Julian M. , Sareen Jitender ,   At Home/Chez Soi Investigators
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveSuicide is a leading cause of death, yet the accurate prediction of suicidal behavior is an elusive target for clinicians and researchers. The current paper examines the predictive validity of the Mini Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) Suicidality subscale for suicide attempts (SAs) for a homeless population with mental illness.MethodsTwo thousand two hundred and fifty‐five homeless individuals with mental illness across five Canadian cities enrolled in the At Home/Chez Soi Housing First trial interviewed at baseline using the MINI Suicidality subscale with 2‐year follow‐up of self‐reported SAs.ResultsTwo thousand two hundred and twenty‐one participants were included in the analysis. High rates of mood and substance use disorders were present (56.5% and 67.4%, respectively). The mean MINI Suicidality subscale score was 7.71. Among 1,700 participants with follow‐up data, 11.4% reported a SA over the 2‐year study period. MINI Suicidality subscale scores were predictive of SAs (AUC ≥ 0.70) among those with and without a history of SAs, even among those with missing answers. A positive predictive value of 0.20 and a negative predictive value of 0.95 were demonstrated, with a relatively low number needed to assess of 4.5‐5.ConclusionThe MINI Suicidal subscale shows promise as an easy to use and accurate suicide risk prediction tool among homeless individuals with mental illness.
Student experiences of learning clinical reasoning
Authors: Anakin Megan , Jouart Madelyne , Timmermans Julie , Pinnock Ralph 
Published: March 2019

SummaryBackgroundStudents find learning clinical reasoning skills challenging. Viewing how students learn clinical reasoning skills from a sociocultural perspective, however, may allow helpful and unhelpful descriptions to be interpreted as experiences that promote or inhibit their participation in and opportunities to co‐construct their clinical reasoning skills.MethodsThis interview study was conducted with 25 Year‐6 undergraduate medical students. Interview data were first analysed thematically, and then the findings were analysed with the concepts of participation and co‐construction.ResultsThe themes identified were: (1) practising with undifferentiated patients; (2) teachers who were willing to make thinking explicit; (3) a lack of independence and involvement; (4) a lack of communication and feedback; and (5) confusion from different sources of information. When further analysed, the themes could be represented as points along a continuum of participating in, and co‐constructing, clinical reasoning skills.DiscussionClinical educators will find the themes identified from students’ experiences learning in a workplace environment helpful for understanding why some students may struggle to develop their clinical reasoning skills. An interpretation of findings from a sociocultural perspective offers a different approach for understanding students’ difficulties when learning clinical reasoning: one where students are able to increase their participation in, and co‐construction of, clinical reasoning in the context of working collaboratively to provide patient care.Students find learning clinical reasoning skills challenging