bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What Determines Social Capital? Evidence from Slavery’s Legacy in the United States and Brazil
Authors: Uttermark Matthew J 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWhat determines social capital? Prior scholarship has examined what causes social capital to change contemporaneously but has yet to assess how history influenced social capital’s development. Building on previous research, which posits that former slaveholding regions exhibit lower levels of social capital, I test two competing explanations of how social capital developed. The inequality hypothesis argues that a reliance on plantation slavery created economic inequality, which in turn diminished modern social capital; the attitudinal hypothesis argues that the abolition of slavery influenced mass political attitudes, which have transmitted over generations and diminished modern social capital. To test which is correct, I examine slavery’s impact on social capital, measured as interpersonal trust, in two countries—the United States and Brazil. I find evidence that slavery is negatively associated with social capital; an individual’s support for interpersonal trust can decrease by as much as 18 percent in regions with high levels of former slavery. Moreover, it is the attitudinal hypothesis—not economic inequality—which associates with social capital’s decline.
Getting the Court in Your Business: Unmarried Parents, Institutional Intersectionality, and Establishing Parenting Time Orders in Family Court
Authors: Waller Maureen R 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe child support program reaches half of poor children in the United States, and recent policy proposals would incorporate parenting time into all initial child support orders. Despite the importance and scope of these proposed changes for unmarried parents, research about how parents interpret the decision to set up parenting time orders in family court is limited. Qualitative evidence from individual and group interviews shows that unmarried mothers and fathers perceive family court through competing frames, leading to strategies of either avoidance or engagement with the court system in certain circumstances. Some parents in the study framed family courts as intrusive and opted to stay away from court to avoid unwanted scrutiny by the child welfare and criminal justice systems. In contrast, other parents framed family courts as protective of their families and sought legal help when their child's custody was ambiguous, their child's safety was threatened, or their status in public programs was at stake. These findings are consistent with research on institutional distrust and avoidance but also suggest heterogeneity in unmarried parents’ views of family court as a system that both surveils and safeguards poor families. Findings further demonstrate that unmarried parents view these decisions from a position of institutional intersectionality, or their position at the intersection of multiple state systems that interact with the courts.
Customer discovery as a tool for moving behavioral interventions into the marketplace: insights from the NCI SPRINT program
Authors: Oh April , Gaysynsky Anna , Knott Cheryl L , Nock Nora L , Erwin Deborah O , Vinson Cynthia A 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The National Cancer Institute established a dissemination and implementation accelerator program called Speeding Research-tested INTerventions (SPRINT) in order to expedite the translation of behavioral research into practice. The goal of SPRINT is to introduce researchers to a new method for moving their research into practice in order to increase the real-world impact of their evidence-based interventions. The goal of this article is to present case studies on three teams that have completed the SPRINT program to date. Each case study provides a description of the intervention the team came into the program with, the team’s motivation for participating in the SPRINT program, the team’s experience in the program, lessons learned from “customer discovery” interviews conducted by the team during the course, and the team’s future plans for their intervention. The case studies suggest that by focusing on behavioral researchers, SPRINT addresses an unmet need in the commercialization training space; that the definition of “success” can vary across SPRINT projects; that identifying and engaging “payors” for behavioral interventions is an ongoing challenge; and that there are potential “misalignments” between the research process and market demands. Overall, these examples show that customer discovery is a potentially useful method for making interventions more responsive to the needs of stakeholders, and that researchers can benefit from learning the “language” of business and working with individuals who have business experience before trying to move their research from the lab to the real world.
MULTIMODAL IMAGING OF TWO UNCONVENTIONAL CASES OF BARTONELLA NEURORETINITIS
Authors: Michel Zachary , Redd Travis , Bhavsar Kavita V. 
Published: July 2019

Purpose:
To report two cases of cat-scratch fever with atypical posterior segment manifestations.

Methods:
Two cases were retrospectively reviewed.

Results:
A 27-year-old woman presented with painless blurring of central vision in her left eye. Clinical examination revealed a small focal area of retinitis within the macula associated with a subtle macular star. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography showed a hyper-reflective inner retinal lesion in addition to subretinal and intraretinal fluid as well as hyperreflective foci within the outer plexiform layer. Serology was positive for anti–B. henselae IgM (titer 1:32). A 34-year-old woman presented with painless loss of vision in both eyes associated with headaches and pain with extraocular movement. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography depicted subretinal fluid, intraretinal fluid, and hyperreflective deposits within the outer plexiform layer. A focal collection of vitreous cell was observed overlying the optic nerve in the left eye. Bilateral disk leakage was identified on fluorescein angiography. Serology revealed high-titer anti–B. henselae antibodies (IgM titers 1:32, IgG titers 1:256).

Conclusion:
Our cases highlight the necessity of recognizing more unusual posterior segment presentations of ocular bartonellosis. Multimodal retinal imaging including spectral-domain optical coherence tomography may help better characterize lesions.
Local Health Department Interest in Implementation of a Jail-Based Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Program in Kansas, Iowa, Missouri, and Nebraska
Authors: Ramaswamy Megha , Allison Molly , Musser Brynne , Satterwhite Catherine , Armstrong Robert , Kelly Patricia J. 
Published: July 2019

Context:
Local health departments (LHDs) play a vital role in community vaccination programs for human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, but little research has been done to assess LHD interest in cross-sectoral partnerships to vaccinate high-risk groups, specifically incarcerated persons.

Objective:
To describe factors associated with interest in a novel implementation strategy linking LHDs with jails in 4 Midwestern states to deliver HPV vaccine.

Design:
Survey based on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) model given to LHD administrators. A modified Poisson relative risk regression was used to assess the relationship between independent variables and LHD interest in implementation of a jail-based HPV vaccination program.

Setting:
LHDs in Kansas, Missouri, Iowa, and Nebraska.

Participants:
From September 2017 to April 2018, two-thirds (237/344) of invited LHD administrators from the 4 states responded to the survey.

Main Outcome Measure:
LHD interest in implementation of a jail-based HPV vaccination program.

Results:
Forty-five percent of LHDs were interested in learning more about implementing a jail-based HPV vaccination program, and 2% already offered or had plans to offer HPV vaccine in their jails. Barriers to implementation were cost (66%), inmates' short incarcerations (47%), and availability of medical staffing (43%). LHD characteristics associated with interest in implementation of a jail-based HPV vaccination program included “inner setting” CFIR variables, which capture the structural and cultural context for program implementation: 7 or more employees (odds ratio [OR] = 2.22; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24-3.95), perception of importance to provide HPV vaccine in jails (OR = 3.70; 95% CI, 2.00-6.84), and already providing any vaccines in jails (OR = 2.62; 95% CI, 1.18-5.80).

Conclusions:
Nearly half of LHDs in the region expressed interest in partnering with local entities to meet HPV vaccination needs of high-risk groups. Research on cross-sectoral partnerships and what these collaborations look like in practice is needed for public health impact.
Endothelin A and B Receptors: Potential Targets for Microcirculatory-Mitochondrial Therapy in Experimental Sepsis
Authors: Rutai Attila , Fejes Roland , Juhász László , Tallósy Szabolcs Péter , Poles Marietta Zita , Földesi Imre , Mészáros András T. , Szabó Andrea , Boros Mihály , Kaszaki József 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
The hypoxia-sensitive endothelin (ET) system plays an important role in circulatory regulation through vasoconstrictor ETA and ETB2 and vasodilator ETB1 receptors. Sepsis progression is associated with microcirculatory and mitochondrial disturbances along with tissue hypoxia. Our aim was to investigate the consequences of treatments with the ETA receptor (ETA-R) antagonist, ETB1 receptor (ETB1-R) agonist, or their combination on oxygen dynamics, mesenteric microcirculation, and mitochondrial respiration in a rodent model of sepsis. Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to fecal peritonitis (0.6 g kg−1 i.p.) or a sham operation. Septic animals were treated with saline or the ETA-R antagonist ETR-p1/fl peptide (100 nmol kg−1 i.v.), the ETB1-R agonist IRL-1620 (0.55 nmol kg−1 i.v.), or a combination therapy 22 h after induction. Invasive hemodynamic monitoring and blood gas analysis were performed during a 90-min observation, plasma ET-1 levels were determined, and intestinal capillary perfusion (CPR) was detected by intravital videomicroscopy. Mitochondrial Complex I (CI)- and CII-linked oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) was evaluated by high-resolution respirometry in liver biopsies. Septic animals were hypotensive with elevated plasma ET-1. The ileal CPR, oxygen extraction (ExO2), and CI–CII-linked OXPHOS capacities decreased. ETR-p1/fl treatment increased ExO2 (by >45%), CPR, and CII-linked OXPHOS capacity. The administration of IRL-1620 countervailed the sepsis-induced hypotension (by >30%), normalized ExO2, and increased CPR. The combined ETA-R antagonist–ETB1-R agonist therapy reduced the plasma ET-1 level, significantly improved the intestinal microcirculation (by >41%), and reversed mitochondrial dysfunction. The additive effects of a combined ETA-R–ETB1-R-targeted therapy may offer a tool for a novel microcirculatory and mitochondrial resuscitation strategy in experimental sepsis.
Mobile steady-state evoked potential recording: dissociable neural effects of real-world navigation and visual stimulation
Authors: Dowsett James , Dieterich Marianne , Taylor Paul C.J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe ability to record brain activity in humans during movement, and in real world environments, is an important step towards understanding cognition. Electroencephalography (EEG) is well suited to mobile applications but suffers from the problem of artefacts introduced into the signal during movement. Steady state visually evoked potentials (SSVEPs) give an excellent signal-to-noise ratio and averaging a sufficient number of trials will eventually remove any noise not phase locked to the visual flicker.New MethodHere we present a method for producing SSVEPs of real world environments using modified LCD shutter glasses, which are commonly used for 3D TV, by adapting the lens to flicker at neurophysiologically relevant frequencies, in this case the alpha band. Participants viewed a room whilst standing and walking. Either the left or right side of the room was illuminated, to test if it is possible to recover the resulting SSVEPs when walking, as well as to probe the effect of walking on neural activity. Additionally, by using a signal generator to produce “simulated SSVEPs” on the scalp we can demonstrate that this method is able to accurately recover evoked neural responses during walking.ResultsThe amplitude of SSVEPs over right parietal cortex was reduced by walking. This finding is in line with converging evidence that visual-vestibular integration involves cortical lateralization with the right hemisphere being dominant in right handers. Furthermore, the waveform and phase of the SSVEPs is highly preserved between walking and standing, but was nevertheless sensitive to whether visual stimulation was presented to the left or right visual hemifield.ConclusionsThis method allows probing neural responses at a wide range of frequencies, during natural movements within real environments.
Natural Music Evokes Correlated EEG Responses Reflecting Temporal Structure and Beat
Authors: Kaneshiro Blair , Nguyen Duc T. , Norcia Anthony M. , Dmochowski Jacek. P. , Berger Jonathan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe brain activity of multiple subjects has been shown to synchronize during salient moments of natural stimuli, suggesting that correlation of neural responses indexes a brain state operationally termed ‘engagement’. While past electroencephalography (EEG) studies have considered both auditory and visual stimuli, the extent to which these results generalize to music—a temporally structured stimulus for which the brain has evolved specialized circuitry—is less understood. Here we investigated neural correlation during natural music listening by recording dense-array EEG responses from N = 48 adult listeners as they heard real-world musical works, some of which were temporally disrupted through shuffling of short-term segments (measures), reversal, or randomization of phase spectra. We measured neural correlation across responses (inter-subject correlation) and between responses and stimulus envelope fluctuations (stimulus-response correlation) in the time and frequency domains. Stimuli retaining basic musical features evoked significantly correlated neural responses in all analyses. However, while unedited songs were self-reported as most pleasant, time-domain correlations were highest during measure-shuffled versions. Frequency-domain measures of correlation (coherence) peaked at frequencies related to the musical beat, although the magnitudes of these spectral peaks did not explain the observed temporal correlations. Our findings show that natural music evokes significant inter-subject and stimulus-response correlations, and suggest that the neural correlates of musical engagement may be distinct from those of enjoyment.
Quantitative basis of meiotic chromosome synapsis analyzed by electron tomography
Authors: Spindler Marie-Christin , Filbeck Sebastian , Stigloher Christian , Benavente Ricardo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe synaptonemal complex is a multiprotein complex, which mediates the synapsis and recombination between homologous chromosomes during meiosis. The complex is comprised of two lateral elements and a central element connected by perpendicular transverse filaments (TFs). A 3D model based on actual morphological data of the SC is missing. Here, we applied electron tomography (ET) and manual feature extraction to generate a quantitative 3D model of the murine SC. We quantified the length (90 nm) and width (2 nm) of the TFs. Interestingly, the 80 TFs/μm are distributed asymmetrically in the central region of the SC challenging available models of SC organization. Furthermore, our detailed 3D topological analysis does not support a bilayered organization of the central region as proposed earlier. Overall, our quantitative analysis is relevant to understand the functions and dynamics of the SC and provides the basis for analyzing multiprotein complexes in their morphological context using ET.
Financial risk, uncertainty and expected returns: evidence from Chinese equity markets
Authors: Chiang Thomas C. 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the risk and economic policy uncertainty (EPU) shocks on China’s equity markets while controlling for changes in sentiments and liquidity.

Design/methodology/approach
The GED-TARCH(1,1)-M procedure is used in estimations to deal with the heteroscedasticity problem.

Findings
Evidence shows that stock returns are positively correlated with predictable volatility and lagged downside risk. This study indicates that the stock returns are negatively correlated with both local and global uncertainty innovations. The test results are robust across different measures of stock returns and model specifications. The global EPU innovations have more profound impact on stock returns than that of Chinese EPU.

Research limitations/implications
The findings are based on the data in the China’s stock market, other global markets may be considered in the future research.

Practical implications
Evidence indicates that a rise in EPU produces a negative effect on stock returns at the time news hits a market; however, investors will be rewarded by a premium as prices rebound in the subsequent period for compensating the investment decision made at a high uncertainty period.

Originality/value
The excess stock returns are negatively related to the EPU innovations, regardless of whether EPU originates from a domestic source or external sources.
Board diversity and quality of CSR disclosure: evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Khan Imran , Khan Ismail , Senturk Ismail 
Published: July 2019

PurposeThis study aims to examine the relationship between board diversity and quality of corporate social responsibility (QCSR) disclosure.Design/methodology/approachThe study estimates seven dimensions of board diversity including age, gender, nation, ethnicity, educational level, educational background and tenure by applying Blau’s index. The relationship between board diversity and QCSR disclosure from the perspective of the resource-based view theory is estimated by using panel random effects regression across 57 firms producing exclusive sustainability reports listed in the Pakistan Stock Exchange from 2010 to 2017. The robustness of the results has also been checked through alternative measurements of the variables under study.FindingsThe regression results reveal that gender and national diversities are the firms’ valuable resources, having the potential to promote QCSR disclosure. However, age diversity was found to be negatively associated to QCSR disclosure. Furthermore, educational level, educational background, ethnicity and tenure were insignificant on QCSR disclosure. The sensitivity analysis supports the findings of the baseline model.Research limitations/implicationsPakistani firms need to improve the level of board diversity through encouragement of the inclusion of diverse forces of gender and nationality to enhance disclosure on CSR practices.Originality/valueThis is the first study on board diversity and QCSR in the case of Pakistan.
Natural convection from heated fin shapes in a nanofluid-filled porous cavity using incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics
Authors: Aly Abdelraheem M. , Raizah Zehba , Asai Mitsuteru 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
This study aims to focus on the numerical simulation of natural convection from heated novel fin shapes in a cavity filled with nanofluid and saturated with a partial layer of porous medium using improved incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics (ISPH) method.

Design/methodology/approach
The dimensionless of Lagrangian description for the governing equations were numerically solved using improved ISPH method. The current ISPH method was improved in term of wall boundary treatment by using renormalization kernel function. The effects of different novel heated (Tree, T, H, V, and Z) fin shapes, Rayleigh number Ra(103 – 106 ), porous height Hp (0.2-0.6), Darcy parameter Da(10−5 − 10−1 ) and solid volume fraction ϕ(0.0-0.05) on the heat transfer of nanofluid have been investigated.

Findings
The results showed that the variation on the heated novel fin shapes gives a suitable choice for enhancement heat transfer inside multi-layer porous cavity. Among all fin shapes, the H-fin shape causes the maximum stream function and Z-fin shape causes the highest value of average Nusselt number. The concentrations of the fluid flows in the nanofluid region depend on the Rayleigh and Darcy parameters. In addition, the penetrations of the fluid flows through porous layers are affected by porous heights and Darcy parameter.

Originality/value
Natural convection from novel heated fins in a cavity filled with nanofluid and saturated with a partial layer of porous medium have been investigated numerically using improved ISPH method.
GPGPU implementation of a lattice Boltzmann methodology for particle transport and deposition in complex flow
Authors: Abdul-Kadhim Ali Ayyed , Lien Fue-Sang , Yee Eugene 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
This study aims to modify the standard probabilistic lattice Boltzmann methodology (LBM) cellular automata (CA) algorithm to enable a more realistic and accurate computation of the ensemble rather than individual particle trajectories that need to be updated from one time step to the next (allowing, as such, a fraction of the collection of particles in any lattice grid cell to be updated in a time step, rather than the entire collection of particles as in the standard LBM-CA algorithm leading to a better representation of the dynamic interaction between the particles and the background flow). Exploitation of the inherent parallelism of the modified LBM-CA algorithm to provide a computationally efficient scheme for computation of particle-laden flows on readily available commodity general-purpose graphics processing units (GPGPUs).

Design/methodology/approach
This paper presents a framework for the implementation of a LBM for the simulation of particle transport and deposition in complex flows on a GPGPU. Towards this objective, the authors have shown how to map the data structure of the LBM with a multiple-relaxation-time (MRT) collision operator and the Smagorinsky subgrid-scale turbulence model (for turbulent fluid flow simulations) coupled with a CA probabilistic method (for particle transport and deposition simulations) to a GPGPU to give a high-performance computing tool for the calculation of particle-laden flows.

Findings
A fluid-particle simulation using our LBM-MRT-CA algorithm run on a single GPGPU was 160 times as computationally efficient as the same algorithm run on a single CPU.

Research limitations/implications
The method is limited by the available computational resources (e.g. GPU memory size).

Originality/value
A new 3D LBM-MRT-CA model was developed to simulate the particle transport and deposition in complex laminar and turbulent flows with different hydrodynamic characteristics (e.g. vortex shedding, impingement, free shear layer, turbulent boundary layer). The solid particle information is encapsulated locally at the lattice grid nodes, allowing for straightforward mapping of the datastructure onto a GPGPU enabling a massive parallel execution of the LBM-MRT-CA algorithm. The new particle transport algorithm was based on the local (bulk) particle density and velocity and provides more realistic results for the particle transport and deposition than the standard LBM-CA algorithm.