bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chiral magnetic chemical bonds in molecular states of impurities in Weyl semimetals
Authors: Marques Y. , Mizobata W. N. , Oliveira R. S. , de Souza M. , Figueira M. S. , Shelykh I. A. , Seridonio A. C. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe demonstrate that chirality of the electron scattering in Weyl semimetals leads to the formation of magnetic chemical bonds for molecular states of a pair of impurities. The effect is associated with the presence of time-reversal symmetry breaking terms in the Hamiltonian which drive a crossover from s- to p-wave scattering. The profiles of the corresponding molecular orbitals and their spin polarizations are defined by the relative orientation of the lines connecting two Weyl nodes and two impurities. The magnetic character of the molecular orbitals and their tunability open the way for using doped Weyl semimetals for spintronics and realization of qubits.
Differential Expression Profile of NLRs and AIM2 in Glioma and Implications for NLRP12 in Glioblastoma
Authors: Sharma Nidhi , Saxena Shivanjali , Agrawal Ishan , Singh Shalini , Srinivasan Varsha , Arvind S. , Epari Sridhar , Paul Sushmita , Jha Sushmita 
Published: June 2019

AbstractGliomas are the most prevalent primary brain tumors with immense clinical heterogeneity, poor prognosis and survival. The nucleotide-binding domain, and leucine-rich repeat containing receptors (NLRs) and absent-in-melanoma 2 (AIM2) are innate immune receptors crucial for initiation and progression of several cancers. There is a dearth of reports linking NLRs and AIM2 to glioma pathology. NLRs are expressed by cells of innate immunity, including monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, endothelial cells, and neutrophils, as well as cells of the adaptive immune system. NLRs are critical regulators of major inflammation, cell death, immune and cancer-associated pathways. We used a data-driven approach to identify NLRs, AIM2 and NLR-associated gene expression and methylation patterns in low grade glioma and glioblastoma, using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) patient datasets. Since TCGA data is obtained from tumor tissue, comprising of multiple cell populations including glioma cells, endothelial cells and tumor-associated microglia/macrophages we have used multiple cell lines and human brain tissues to identify cell-specific effects. TCGA data mining showed significant differential NLR regulation and strong correlation with survival in different grades of glioma. We report differential expression and methylation of NLRs in glioma, followed by NLRP12 identification as a candidate prognostic marker for glioma progression. We found that Nlrp12 deficient microglia show increased colony formation while Nlrp12 deficient glioma cells show decreased cellular proliferation. Immunohistochemistry of human glioma tissue shows increased NLRP12 expression. Interestingly, microglia show reduced migration towards Nlrp12 deficient glioma cells.
Barley Yield Response to Nitrogen Application under Different Weather Conditions
Authors: Tanaka Ryo , Nakano Hiroshi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBarley, one of the most important crops worldwide, will be exposed to high air temperatures as a result of global warming. Since global warming is projected to progress with annual fluctuations, weather-adaptive cultivation techniques are needed in the area of barley production. This study aimed to determine the effect of nitrogen (N) application rate at heading on the grain yield of barley grown under different weather conditions based on two years of field experiments. Grain yield increased markedly with increasing N application rate in the 2017–2018 cropping season but not in the 2016–2017 cropping season. In contrast, late-emerging tillers clearly increased with increasing N application rate in the 2016–2017 cropping season but not in the 2017–2018 cropping season. Plants grown in the 2016–2017 cropping season produced relatively few grains due to the short period of tillering as a results of high air temperatures compared with those grown in the 2017–2018 crop season. Thus, in the 2016–2017 cropping season, N application could be used for the production of late-emerging tillers as a consequence of the limited sink capacity, whereas, in the 2017–2018 cropping season, it could be used effectively to increase grain yield.
Coupling epidemiological and tree growth models to control fungal diseases spread in fruit orchards
Authors: Bevacqua Daniele , Génard Michel , Lescourret Françoise , Martinetti Davide , Vercambre Gilles , Valsesia Pierre , Mirás-Avalos Josè Manuel 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAgronomic practices can alter plant susceptibility to diseases and represent a promising alternative to the use of pesticides. Yet, they also alter crop quality and quantity so that the evaluation of their efficacy is not straightforward. Here we couple a compartmental epidemiological model for brown rot diffusion in fruit orchards with a fruit-tree growth model explicitly considering the role of agronomic practices over fruit quality. The new modelling framework permits us to evaluate, in terms of quantity and quality of the fruit production, management scenarios characterized by different levels of regulated deficit irrigation and crop load. Our results suggest that a moderate water stress in the final weeks of fruit development and a moderate fruit load provide effective control on the brown rot spreading, and eventually guarantee monetary returns similar to those that would be obtained in the absence of the disease.
Raman and XPS studies of ammonia sensitive polypyrrole nanorods and nanoparticles
Authors: Šetka Milena , Calavia Raúl , Vojkůvka Lukáš , Llobet Eduard , Drbohlavová Jana , Vallejos Stella 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPolypyrrole (PPy) nanorods (NRs) and nanoparticles (NPs) are synthesized via electrochemical and chemical methods, respectively, and tested upon ammonia exposure using Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Characterization of both nanomaterials via Raman spectroscopy demonstrates the formation of PPy, displaying vibration bands consistent with the literature. Additionally, XPS reveals the presence of neutral PPy species as major components in PPy NRs and PPy NPs, and other species including polarons and bipolarons. Raman and XPS analysis after ammonia exposure show changes in the physical/chemical properties of PPy, confirming the potential of both samples for ammonia sensing. Results demonstrate that the electrochemically synthesized NRs involve both proton and electron transfer mechanisms during ammonia exposure, as opposed to the chemically synthesized NPs, which show a mechanism dominated by electron transfer. Thus, the different detection mechanisms in PPy NRs and PPy NPs appear to be connected to the particular morphological and chemical composition of each film. These results contribute to elucidate the mechanisms involved in ammonia detection and the influence of the synthesis routes and the physical/chemical characteristics of PPy.
Spontaneous emission rate enhancement with aperiodic Thue-Morse multilayer
Authors: Li Ling , Mathai Cherian J. , Gangopadhyay Shubhra , Yang Xiaodong , Gao Jie 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe emergence of multilayer metamaterials in the research field of enhancing spontaneous emission rates has recently received extensive attention. Previous research efforts mostly focus on periodic metal-dielectric multilayers in hyperbolic dispersion region; however, the influence of lattice order in subwavelength multilayers on spontaneous emission is rarely studied. Here, we observe the stronger Purcell enhancement of quantum dots coupled to the aperiodic metal-dielectric multilayer with Thue-Morse lattice order from elliptical to hyperbolic dispersion regions, compared to the periodic multilayer with the same metal filling ratio. This work demonstrates the potential of utilizing quasiperiodic metamaterial nanostructures to engineer the local density of states for various nanophotonic applications.
A new computational approach to estimate whole-brain effective connectivity from functional and structural MRI, applied to language development
Authors: Hahn Gerald , Skeide Michael A. , Mantini Dante , Ganzetti Marco , Destexhe Alain , Friederici Angela D. , Deco Gustavo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRecently introduced effective connectivity methods allow for the in-vivo investigation of large-scale functional interactions between brain regions. However, dynamic causal modeling, the most widely used technique to date, typically captures only a few predefined regions of interest. In this study, we present an alternative computational approach to infer effective connectivity within the entire connectome and show its performance on a developmental cohort with emerging language capacities. The novel approach provides new opportunities to quantify effective connectivity changes in the human brain.
Analytical Exploration of Potential Pathways by which Diabetes Mellitus Impacts Tuberculosis Epidemiology
Authors: Awad Susanne F. , Dargham Soha R. , Omori Ryosuke , Pearson Fiona , Critchley Julia A. , Abu-Raddad Laith J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe aimed to develop a conceptual framework of diabetes mellitus (DM) effects on tuberculosis (TB) natural history and treatment outcomes, and to assess the impact of these effects on TB-transmission dynamics. The model was calibrated using TB data for India. A conceptual framework was developed based on a literature review, and then translated into a mathematical model to assess the impact of the DM-on-TB effects. The impact was analyzed using TB-disease incidence hazard ratio (HR) and population attributable fraction (PAF) measures. Evidence was identified for 10 plausible DM-on-TB effects. Assuming a flat change of 300% (meaning an effect size of 3.0) for each DM-on-TB effect, the HR ranged between 1.0 (Effect 9-Recovery) and 2.7 (Effect 2-Fast progression); most effects did not have an impact on the HR. Meanwhile, TB-disease incidence attributed directly and indirectly to each effect ranged between −4.6% (Effect 7-TB mortality) and 34.5% (Effect 2-Fast progression). The second largest impact was forEffect 6-Disease infectiousnessat 29.9%. In conclusion, DM can affect TB-transmission dynamics in multiple ways, most of which are poorly characterized and difficult to assess in epidemiologic studies. The indirect (e.g. onward transmission) impacts of some DM-on-TB effects are comparable in scale to the direct impacts. While the impact of several effects on the HR was limited, the impact on thePAFwas substantial suggesting that DM could be impacting TB epidemiology to a larger extent than previously thought.
Diesel soot coated non-woven fabric for oil-water separation and adsorption applications
Authors: Sharma Moolchand , Singh Gurpreet , Vaish Rahul 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe diesel soot (DS) coated non-woven fabric was studied for oil-water separation along with the adsorption of dyes, detergents, and pharmaceuticals. The DS coated non-woven fabric showed more than 95% separation efficiency and consistent repeatable performance during oil-water separation experiment. In addition to this, the DS coated non-woven fabric of 17.2 cm2 area successfully adsorbed ~85%, 97%, and 100% methylene blue (MB) dye, ciprofloxacin, and detergent, respectively from their respective solutions within 30 min, which was not possible using uncoated non-woven fabric. The DS coated non-woven fabric was found to be hydrophobic with the contact angle of 140° which was almost invariant upto 60 °C. Hence, the DS coated non-woven fabric showed promising performance in the oil-water separation and adsorption applications.
Point of Care eGFR and the Prediction of Outcomes in Pneumonia
Authors: Suk Chi-won , Hsu Shih-chang , Chen Chun-you , Hsieh Hui-ling , Kuo Hsiao-tung , Hsu Yuan-pin , Sue Yuh-mou , Chen Tso-Hsiao , Lin Feng-yen , Shih Chun-ming , Chen Jaw-wen , Lin Shing-jong , Huang Po-hsun , Liu Chung-te 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPneumonia is a leading cause of mortality. Severity-assessment scores in pneumonia guide treatment crucially, but the ones currently in existence are limited in their use. Community-based studies demonstrated the association between pre-existing low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and outcomes in pneumonia. However, whether a single emergency department-eGFR measurement could predict outcomes in pneumonia remains unclear. This retrospective cohort study included 1554 patients hospitalized with pneumonia. The predictor was the first eGFR measurement. Outcomes included mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, durations of hospital and ICU stay, and ventilator use. Receiver operating characteristic curves was used to determine optimal cutoff values to predict mortality. Of 1554 patients, 263 had chronic kidney disease, demonstrated higher C-reactive protein and SMART-COP scores, and had more multilobar pneumonia, acute kidney injury, ICU admission, and mortality. Patients with higher pneumonia severity scores tended to have lower eGFR. For predicting in-hospital mortality, the optimal eGFR cutoff value was 56 mL/min/1.73 m2. eGFR < 56 mL/min/1.73 m2 had an odds ratio of 2.5 (95% confidence interval, 1.6–4.0) for mortality by multivariate logistic regression. In Conclusion, eGFR < 56 mL/min/1.73 m2 is an independent predictor of mortality, indicating that even mild renal impairment affects the outcome of pneumonia adversely.
The extracellular fluid macromolecular composition differentially affects cell-substrate adhesion and cell morphology
Authors: Gonzalez-Molina Jordi , Mendonça da Silva Joana , Fuller Barry , Selden Clare 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSoluble macromolecules present in the tumour microenvironment (TME) alter the physical characteristics of the extracellular fluid and can affect cancer cell behaviour. A fundamental step in cancer progression is the formation of a new vascular network which may originate from both pre-existing normal endothelium and cancer-derived cells. To study the role of extracellular macromolecules in the TME affecting endothelial cells we exposed normal and cancer-derived endothelial cells to inert polymer solutions with different physicochemical characteristics. The cancer cell line SK-HEP-1, but not normal human umbilical vein endothelial cells, responded to high-macromolecular-content solutions by elongating and aligning with other cells, an effect that was molecular weight-dependent. Moreover, we found that neither bulk viscosity, osmotic pressure, nor the fractional volume occupancy of polymers alone account for the induction of these effects. Furthermore, these morphological changes were accompanied by an increased extracellular matrix deposition. Conversely, cell-substrate adhesion was enhanced by polymers increasing the bulk viscosity of the culture medium independently of polymer molecular weight. These results show that the complex macromolecular composition of the extracellular fluid strongly influences cancer-derived endothelial cell behaviour, which may be crucial to understanding the role of the TME in cancer progression.
Distinct mechanisms govern recalibration to audio-visual discrepancies in remote and recent history
Authors: Watson David M. , Akeroyd Michael A. , Roach Neil W. , Webb Ben S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTo maintain perceptual coherence, the brain corrects for discrepancies between the senses. If, for example, lights are consistently offset from sounds, representations of auditory space are remapped to reduce this error (spatial recalibration). While recalibration effects have been observed following both brief and prolonged periods of adaptation, the relative contribution of discrepancies occurring over these timescales is unknown. Here we show that distinct multisensory recalibration mechanisms operate in remote and recent history. To characterise the dynamics of this spatial recalibration, we adapted human participants to audio-visual discrepancies for different durations, from 32 to 256 seconds, and measured the aftereffects on perceived auditory location. Recalibration effects saturated rapidly but decayed slowly, suggesting a combination of transient and sustained adaptation mechanisms. When long-term adaptation to an audio-visual discrepancy was immediately followed by a brief period of de-adaptation to an opposing discrepancy, recalibration was initially cancelled but subsequently reappeared with further testing. These dynamics were best fit by a multiple-exponential model that monitored audio-visual discrepancies over distinct timescales. Recent and remote recalibration mechanisms enable the brain to balance rapid adaptive changes to transient discrepancies that should be quickly forgotten against slower adaptive changes to persistent discrepancies likely to be more permanent.
Operational study of domestic battery energy storage system
Authors: McMahon Richard , Logan Thomas , Miles John , McMahon Nick , Ridge Alex 
Published: June 2019

A battery energy storage system (BESS) has been constructed and deployed in a residential property. The BESS uses a pack of lead‐acid batteries with a centre‐tap enabling the use of a simple half‐bridge converter as the bi‐directional interface to the mains. The BESS has been used in a number of ways including solar self‐consumption, capping the demand from the mains, providing the power for a heat pump and deferral of the load from charging a battery electric vehicle. All these have proven satisfactory on the basis of measured results. Solar self‐consumption, demand capping, and load shifting in the context of the normal domestic load can be achieved with a modest battery capacity, 3 to 5 kWh, but significant deferral of vehicle charging and time shifting of the winter heat pump load point to larger batteries, over 10 kWh. On the basis of current electricity tariffs in the UK, the cost of a BESS will not be recovered but a combination of new revenue streams, new time of use tariffs, possible subsidies, and reductions in system costs would make the use of a BESS economically attractive.
Fallstricke in der MRT-Diagnostik des Kniegelenks
Authors: Wunn Rainer , Kramer Josef 
Published: June 2019

ZusammenfassungWegen ihres ausgezeichneten Weichteilkontrasts ist die MRT die Methode der Wahl, um Gelenke und die sie umgebenden Strukturen zu beurteilen. Eine gute Diagnostik setzt dabei mindestens voraus, Anatomie, Pathologie, pathophysiologische Mechanismen und häufige Verletzungsmuster zu kennen. Aber auch die in diesem Beitrag vorgestellten weniger augenscheinlichen Diagnosen sind essenzieller Bestandteil der Diagnostik.
Rastlos erschöpft
Authors: Pasch Anja 
Published: June 2019

SummaryBurnout entsteht durch eine Kombination aus äußeren Herausforderungen und einer nicht daran angepassten Persönlichkeit und Lebensweise. Einst den helfenden Tätigkeiten zugeordnet, betrifft das Problem heute alle Berufsgruppen, gehäuft Menschen mit Mehrfachbelastungen. Zur Diagnose führen die drei Leitsymptome emotionale Erschöpfung, Depersonalisation und abnehmende Leistungsfähigkeit.
Association between Flash Glucose Monitoring and Metabolic Control as well as Treatment Satisfaction in Outpatients With Diabetes Type 1
Authors: Kramer Guido , Michalak Laura , Müller Ulrich Alfons , Kloos Christof , Werner Christoph , Kuniss Nadine 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to follow-up people with diabetes type 1 and Flash Glucose Monitoring (FGM) regarding metabolic control and treatment satisfaction.
Methods 40 people with diabetes type 1 and FGM use of ≥6 months were included in the study (female 55%, age 50.9 y, diabetes duration 21.9 y, HbA1c 7.4%, 57.6 mmol/mol, insulin pump therapy 32.5%). The number of scans per day and time/frequency of hypoglycaemia (interstitial glucose value ≤3.9 mmol/l) was recorded from 28 days of the glucose readings. Change of treatment satisfaction was assessed with the DTSQc questionnaire at follow-up (range−18 to+18).
Results Mean time of follow-up was 1.0±0.4 y. At follow-up, all participants scanned interstitial glucose 11.9±7.7 times/day. Number of self-monitoring of blood glucose decreased from 6.7±4.2 (baseline) to 0.9±1.8 (follow-up) per day (p<0.001). In individuals with baseline HbA1c ≤7.5%, HbA1c increased (from 6.6±0.7% to 7.0±0.4%, p=0.020). On the contrary, in people with HbA1c>7.5%, HbA1c decreased (from 8.2±0.7% to 7.8±0.7%, p=0.001). In all participants, there were no differences regarding insulin dosage (33.8±12.9 vs. 34.6±13.9 IU/day, p=0.679) and number of insulin injections/day (3.9±2.3 vs. 4.0±2.6, p=0.813) between baseline and follow-up. Frequency of symptomatic hypoglycaemia was at baseline 0.3±0.3 events/day and 0.48±0.36 events/day (recognised, symptomatic events) at follow-up, respectively. In addition, 0.26±0.21 unrecognised hypoglycaemic events/day occurred at follow-up. Treatment satisfaction increased by+12.6 points.
Conclusions FGM was associated with an enormous increase in treatment satisfaction and slightly improved metabolic control in people with baseline HbA1c>7.5%. The number of capillary glucose measurements decreased significantly.
Intoxikationen und Drogennotfälle
Authors: Wirtz Sebastian 
Published: June 2019

ZusammenfassungVergiftungen und Drogennotfälle im Rettungsdienst können durch sehr viele unterschiedliche Stoffgruppen entstehen. Eben diese Vielfalt stellt das Rettungsteam oft vor große Herausforderungen, wobei häufig eine Vergiftung nicht offensichtlich ist. Eine aufmerksame Erfassung der Erstsituation, eine sorgfältige Eigen- und Fremdanamnese und die Einordnung der Leitsymptome geben dem Notarzt Hinweise auf die Diagnose.
Feuer – Faszination, Fortschritt und Fluch
Authors: Bierbach Elvira 
Published: June 2019

SummaryZunächst lernten Vorfahren des Homo sapiens, Feuer zu hüten, später es kontrolliert zu entzünden. Beides brachte ihnen evolutionäre Vorteile. Viele zivilisatorische Errungenschaften wurden erst durch den Einsatz von Feuer möglich; gleichzeitig taten sich durch seine Nutzung neue Gefahren auf. In den Medizinalsystemen steht Feuer gleichermaßen für Vitalität und vernichtende Potenziale. Es gilt, seine Kraft im Menschen zu bewahren und im Zaum zu halten.