bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changing Trends in Clinical Profile of Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Goyal Vinay , Laisram Nonica , Muzaffar Tufail , Bhatnagar Shikha 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
There may be change in clinical spectrum of cerebral palsy (CP) due to improvement in maternal and child care health service. The clinical profi le, aetiological factors and comorbidities of children with CP attending Department of PMR, VMMC & Safdarjang Hospital during the years 1981- 1989 and 2008 - 2012 were therefore compared and analysis done.

Methods
Four hundred and ten (group B) children with CP registered in last 4 years (2008 - 2012) at PMR Department of VMMC & Safdarjang Hospital were compared with previous study of 544 (group A) children during year 1981 - 1989 from same centre.

Results
Spastic CP remained most common in both the groups. Diplegia is commonest type of CP (38.78%) as compared to previous group where quadriplegia (34.9%) was most common. The mixed type showed a statistical signifi cant increase in percentage (group A: 0.18 % versus group B: 3.7 %).
In aetiology, there is decrease in prenatal and postnatal causes and increase in natal causes which were statistically signifi cant. Birth asphyxia (50.3 %) remains the main aetiological factor as earlier (24.5%). Speech problems (59.7%), mental retardation (31.7%) and seizures (26.8%) are common comorbidities as compared to previous studies where mental retardation (47.2 %) was found to be most common followed by speech impairment (37%), visual impairment (9%) and seizures (8.8%).

Conclusions
Clinical profile of CP has evolved with an increase in diplegic and a decrease in quadriplegic CP.
Oculo-auriculovertebral Spectrum with Radial Anomaly: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Kumar Dileep , Gupta Anil Kumar , Rai Siddharth , Sharma Vijai Prakash 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOculo-auriculovertebral spectrum (OAVS) or the Goldenhar syndrome is a rare developmental disorder with plethora of congenital anomalies which mostly affects structures arising from the first and the second branchial arches. The affected structures include cheekbone, jaws, mouth eyes, ear and vertebrae. The case which we are presenting here had classical features such as microsomia, unilateral microtia, microphthalmia and facial nerve palsy along with vertebral anomalies with additional signs as unilateral hearing loss and radial limb anomalies. OAVS with radial defect and limb abnormalities is a rare presentation and thus reported‥
A Rare Indication for Amputation
Authors: Sreekala V.K. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
A forty-two years old housewife came to the outpatient department. She met with a very bad road traffic accident in childhood resulting in a crush injury of left lower limb and a degloving injury on the right lower limb. She had undergone transtibial amputation on the left and skin grafting on the right lower limbs. The scar has been transformed into a large keloid. Now she is ambulant with patellar tendon bearing prosthesis on the left side and a rocky hard, heavy, insensate right lower limb with a grotesque appearance. She requests amputation and prosthetic fitting on the right side.
A Comparative Study of Local Ultrasound Therapy and Local Steroid Injection in Patients of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Gupta Neeraj , Goenka Sunil , Verma Manoj 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common compressive neuropathy of upper extremity affecting predominantly females of middle age group. Symptoms include pain, paracsthesia, numbness in median nerve distribution of hand.

Study design
Comparative type of interventional study.

Study area
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, SMS Medical College and attached group of hospitals, Jaipur.

Duration of study
One and a half years April 2014-October 2015.

Aims and objective
To compare the efficacy of local ultrasound therapy and local corticosteroid injection for carpal tunnel syndrome management.

Study population
A total of sixty patients with CTS (agep>18 years) were randomly assigned to the steroid treatment plus splinting(group A) or ultrasound treatment plus splinting(group B).

Results
The mean age of study population was 45.47±12.24 years with males comprising 13.3% and females 86.6% of whole study. At baseline all outcome variables were comparable statistically in both the groups (p>0.05). In follow-up assessment at 8th week, statistically significant improvement was obtained in all clinical and electrophysiological parameters in group A: Grip strength, symptom severity score, functional status score, median DML, sensory nerve conduction velocity (p<0.001 for each). Also the group B showed improvement in all parameters except grip strength. At the end of 24th week all outcome variables showed decline in improvement as comparative to 8th week, but still they were better than baseline in both groups. There was no significant difference between the groups in outcome variables except for the grip strength.

Conclusion
Ultrasound treatment provided improvement comparable to steroid injection in all clinical and electrophysiological parameters in patients with CTS except grip strength. Overall steroid therapy is more effective than ultrasound therapy. Effectiveness of treatment persist for at least 6 months then it lessens, so long follow-up is required.
Use of Antibiotics in the Management of Pediatric Dental Conditions – A Retrospective Study
Authors: Jawdekar Ashwin , Sevekar Srirang 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Objectives
In order to evaluate the need of antibiotic use in children for a variety of dental procedures, a retrospective study was undertaken.

Material and Methods
Children as dental patients, a study The records of 100 children between age 2-10 years visiting a pediatric dental clinic for various pulpal and periapical conditions were evaluated. A total of 364 procedures (pulp therapies such as pulpotomy and pulpectomy, and extractions) were carried out in the children for different pulpal and periapical pathologies (irreversible pulpitis, pulp necrosis and periradicular abscess). Timing of the antibiotic cover (preop, intraop and post op), duration of the antibiotic, and type of the antibiotic or a combination was recorded.

Results
Only 19.5% procedures required antibiotic prescriptions. On most occasions, an antibiotic cover given prior to commencement of the treatment was sufficient to prevent the possible advancement of the infection and promote the post-operative healing.

Conclusion
Antibiotics are often not a necessity for the treatment of dental conditions in children. However, a larger sample size and multicentric study would be necessary to establish this finding.
Infiltrative Type of Bone Invasion in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma – Case Report
Authors: Kumar Shwetha , Pathak Jigna 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a well known malignancy which accounts for more than 90% of all oral cancers. OSCC are malignant tumors that frequently invade bone and bone invasion is a common clinical problem. Bone invasion by oral squamous cell carcinoma may progress by either an infiltrative or an erosive histological pattern. The pattern of bone invasion co-relates with the clinical behavior of OSCC thus having a potential prognostic value. The present case report is of a 35-year- old female patient presenting with a lesion in the lower right buccal vestibule which was histopathologically confirmed as OSCC. The type of bony invasion was also assessed microscopically. The objective of this paper was to define the characteristics associated with each histological pattern of invasion and its significance when reviewing oral squamous cell carcinoma with mandibular invasion.
Diagnosis and Management of Dental Erosion
Authors: Gaindara Beatrice K. , Truelove Edmond L. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Early recognition of dental erosion is important to prevent serious irreversible damage to the dentition. This requires awareness of the clinical appearance of erosion compared to other forms of tooth wear. An understanding of the etiologies and risk factors for erosion is also important. These form the basis of a diagnostic protocol and management strategy that addresses the multifactorial nature of tooth wear. The primary dental care team has the expertise and the responsibility to provide this care for their patients with erosion.
Dental Hygiene Fear: Gender and Age Differences
Authors: Gadbury-Amyot Cynthia C. , Williams Karen B. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Studies aimed at examining gender and age differences as they relate to dental anxiety have begun to appear in the literature. The purpose of this investigation was to explore fear and anxiety in a dental hygiene setting and evaluate gender and age differences among four sub-scales of dental hygiene fear.
The Dental Hygiene Fear Survey (DHFS) was developed to address patient reaction to dental hygiene treatment. The University of Washington Dental Fears Model was the theoretical model used for it identifies four domains of dental fear: fear of specific stimuli, generalized anxiety, fear of catastrophe, and distrust.
Males and females respond differently to dental hygiene treatment with women reporting significantly (p<.05) greater fear overall than males. Examination of the four dental hygiene fear sub-scales show that females report greater fear (p<.05) in relation to specific fear and generalized anxiety. There were no significant differences across age categories on total fear scores or within any of the sub-scales.
Characterization of the dental hygiene fear patient along with knowledge of procedures that elicit anxiety can assist the practitioner in recognizing dental hygiene-related fear. With this foundation, the practitioner can then develop management strategies specific to this phenomenon.
Outcomes Assessment Survey to Determine Patient Satisfaction
Authors: Haisch Mary Ann 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The dental healthcare marketplace is consumer driven. The astute practice manager monitors the effectiveness of patient care in terms of both the actual dental service rendered and the process used to deliver the service. One mechanism that can be helpful is the use of a patient satisfaction survey to determine the status of the relationship between the dental practice and patient's of record. This article presents a perspective on the importance of patient feedback as well as a sample survey form that may be useful to the practicing dental professional.
Odontogenic Keratocyst: The Northwestern USA Experience
Authors: Oda Dolphine , Rivera Valiente , Ghanee N. , Kenny E.A. , Dawson K.H. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is a cyst of tooth origin with an aggressive clinical behavior including a high recurrence rate. OKC demographics in the northwestern United States are presented and compared to those reported elsewhere. A total of 430 cases were obtained from 393 patients of the northwest region over a period of 15 years. Data evaluated included: site, gender, age, race, and association with bifid-rib basal cell nevus syndrome (Gorlin syndrome). Site distribution of the northwest group was similar to that of international groups. For the northwest group, the most common lesion location was the body of the mandible. Gender distribution in the northwest group appeared similar to other reports made in Denmark, England, Japan, and other regions in the United States. However, when gender distribution was compared by decade of life, the northwest group had the largest cluster of males in the fourth decade and of females in the second decade. The greatest frequency in both genders occurred in the third decade. There were 18 of 258 (6.9%) male patients with OKC under age 10 in the northwest group and nearly 80% of the patients were Caucasian. The race factor is rarely described in other reports. Gorlin's syndrome was present in 5% of the patients, with a higher distribution in the first and second decades. In conclusion, this is the first report of OKC cases from the Pacific Northwest region of the United States of America.
Denture Hygiene: A Review and Update
Authors: Shay Kenneth 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGrowth in the aging population has resulted in an increasing number of older persons requiring dentures. The microporous surfaces of an acrylic denture provide a wide range of environments to support microorganisms that can threaten the health of a physically vulnerable patient. The maintenance of denture prostheses is important for the health of patients and to maintain an esthetic, odor-free appliance.Mechanical, chemical, and a combination of mechanical and chemical strategies are available to patients to facilitate denture hygiene. Brushing is an ineffective method of denture disinfection. Household bleach or vinegar are effective as are the commercial, effervescent products sold for denture soaking. A new denture cleaner contains silicone polymer that provides a protective coating for dentures as a final step in the cleaning process. The coating helps to minimize the adhesion of accretions to the denture throughout the day until the next cleaning.Dental professionals must have a current knowledge of denture cleansing strategies in order to maximize the service offered to denture patients.
The Role of the Dental Professional in Diabetes Care
Authors: Varon Frank , Mack-Shipman Lynn 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, specifically type 2 diabetes, is one of the major public health issues facing the world in the 21st Century. This article summarizes the rapid changes in the management of diabetes and its impact on dental practice. The reader will find many “hyperlinks” to other diabetes information on the Internet throughout this article as these links provide greater detail. The incidence of type 1 diabetes has increased slowly, while that of type 2 diabetes has increased explosively. The worldwide incidence of type 2 is likely to double by the year 2010 due in large part to changing lifestyles, longer life expectancy, and rapid growth of ethnic and racial populations that have high prevalence rates. There are 15.7 million people or 5.9% of the population in the United States who have diabetes. While an estimated 10.3 million have been diagnosed, it is unfortunate that 5.4 million people are not aware they have the disease. Diabetic dental patient management strategies are presented. Dental professionals are urged to remain current in their knowledge of this disease in order to provide proper care for their patients.
Biofilm: A New View of Plaque
Authors: Overman Pamela R. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Dental researchers have attempted to understand the microbial nature of oral diseases over the past 120 years. Their view of plaque and its constituent microorganisms has shifted from a specific plaque hypothesis to a non-specific plaque hypothesis and back again to a theory of specific periodontal pathogens in plaque. Changes in the way plaque and its microorganisms are viewed affect the strategies used to prevent and control periodontal diseases. In recent years, dental researchers have begun to view plaque as a biofilm. This shifting view of plaque has important implications for future efforts in prevention and treatment. This article describes the various ways that dental professionals have viewed plaque throughout the years and highlights the current view of plaque as a biofilm and the ramifications for periodontal therapy.
Lingual Eruption of Mandibular Permanent Incisors: A Space Correlated Phenomenon?
Authors: Aminabadi Naser Asl , Farahani Ramin Mostofi Zadeh , Sohrabi Aydin , Pouralibaba Firuz 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and distribution according to various arch length conditions of lingually erupted mandibular permanent incisors and the effect of space condition on this phenomenon with long-term follow-up of these teeth.Methods and MaterialsA total of 105 children aged 5-7.5 years with one or more permanent mandibular incisors erupting lingual to the corresponding primary incisors were included in the study. A space analysis was performed. The subjects were divided into six groups according to various space conditions. The subjects were followed for 2 years.ResultsIn this study the prevalence of lingual eruption was 18.4%. Eighty-three point seven percent of the subjects had either equivalent space, mild space excess, or a space deficiency (not more than 3 mm). No relationship was found between groups and clinical outcomes (P>.05). Follow up of the main three groups (according to the space analysis results) revealed in the adequate space group 75% of the children lost their primary incisors without any intervention. Similar outcomes occurred in 85.7% and 57.14% of cases in the mild space excess and space deficiency groups, respectively. Considering the three main groups combined, equivalent space, mild space excess, and mild space deficiency, 70.45% of children lost their primary incisors without any intervention and 14.8% needed primary incisor extraction (17.4%, 14.3%, and 10.7% in each group, respectively).ConclusionThere was no predisposition toward a space deficiency or excess found in these subjects so the wait-and-see policy versus early extraction can be considered for lingually erupting permanent mandibular incisors.Clinical SignificanceLingual eruption of mandibular incisors is a common clinical problem in the early mixed dentition period that is a source of discomfort for parents of patients with this condition. The present study provides a unique insight into the prevalence of the problem as well as the clinical decisions such as favoring retention of primary incisors as long as possible, the extraction of these primary teeth, placement of lower lingual holding arches, or referral for comprehensive orthodontic treatment. These types of data should not be regarded as standards but as illustrative of several key factors that are still not well-understood or which are still ignored.CitationAminabadi NA, Farahani RMZ, Sohrabi A, Pouralibaba F. Lingual Eruption of Mandibular Permanent Incisors: A Space Correlated Phenomenon? J Contemp Dent Pract 2009 January; (10)1:025-032.
Effect of Different Pretreatment Methods on Dentin Bond Strength of a One-step Self-etch Adhesive
Authors: Karaman Emel , Yazici A. Rüya , Ertan Atila , Özgünaltay Güi , Dayangaç Berrin 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aim
The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of a one-step self-etch adhesive to dentin pretreated with phosphoric acid, air abrasion, or laser.

Methods and Materials
Fifty-six extracted non-carious human mandibular molars were mounted and the occlusal surfaces ground with a mechanical grinder to obtain flat occlusal dentin surfaces. The teeth were randomly divided into four groups of 14 teeth according to the different dentin surface pretreatment methods: Group I- Acid, Group II- Laser, Group III- Air abrasion, Group IV (Control)- No surface treatment. After applying a one-step self-etch adhesive system, Futura Bond NR, cylinders of Z250 composite resin were bonded to the dentin surfaces by transparent gelatin capsules (2.5 mm diameter; 3 mm high) and then polymerized. All specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours. Shear bond testing was carried out using an Universal testing machine with a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/sec. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests at a significance level of 0.05.

Results
The bond strength of air abrasion (Group III) and the control group (Group IV) were statistically higher than both the acid (Group I) and laser (Group II) pretreatments (p<0.05). No statistically significant differences were found in shear bond strength between surfaces treated with air abrasion and the control group (p>0.05). Surfaces pretreated with laser (Group II) resulted in the lowest bond strength which was not statistically different from those pretreated with acid (Group I) (p>0.05).

Conclusion
Surfaces pretreated with acid and laser adversely affected the bond strength of a one-step selfetch adhesive, Futura Bond NR, while pretreatment with air abrasion had no effect on bond strength.

Clinical Significance
The pretreatment of dentin surfaces prior to self-etch adhesive seems to be unnecessary and defeats the original purpose of these systems.

Citation
Yazici AR, Karaman E, Ertan A, Özgünaltay G, Dayangaç B. Effect of Different Pretreatment Methods on Dentin Bond Strength of a One-step Self-etch Adhesive. J Contemp Dent Pract 2009 January; (10)1:041-048.
Surface Roughness and Enamel Loss with Two Microabrasion Techniques
Authors: Demarco Flávio Fernando , Meireles Sonia Saeger , de Almeida André Dárvi , Leida Ferdinan Luís , Bocangel Jorge Saldivar 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aim
The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the surface roughness and enamel loss produced by two microabrasion techniques.

Methods and Materials
Bovine teeth were selected and an area was delimited for microabrasion techniques. Surface roughness was determined before and after treatment using a digital profilometer. Specimens were randomized to one of two acid treatments (n=10): 18% hydrochloric acid (HCl) and pumice or 37% phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and pumice. Acid treatments were applied using a wooden spatula for 5 seconds for a total of ten applications. Then, specimens were sectioned through the center of the demineralization area to obtain 80μm thick slices. The wear produced by the microabrasion techniques was evaluated using stereomicroscopy (40x). The greatest depth (μm) and the total surface area (μm2) of demineralization were measured using the Image Tool software (University of Texas Health Science, San Antonio, TX, USA). In addition, three specimens of each group were subjected to SEM analysis at different magnifications.

Results
The mean surface roughness was statistically lower for HCl than for H3PO4 (p<0.001). Deeper demineralization (p<0.003) and a larger total demineralization area was observed for HCl (p<0.005). Under SEM analysis H3PO4 showed a selective conditioning etching, while HCl exhibited a non-selective pattern.

Conclusions
Microabrasion using H3PO4 produced greater surface roughness but less demineralization than the microabrasion technique using HCl.

Clinical Significance
Both microabrasion techniques effectively remove the superficial enamel layer. However, the technique using H3PO4 was less aggressive, safer, and easier to perform.

Citation
Meireles SS, André DA, Leida FL, Bocangel JS, Demarco FF. Surface Roughness and Enamel Loss with Two Microabrasion Techniques. J Contemp Dent Pract 2009 January; (10)1:058-065.