bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Awareness of colon cancer screening among the general population: Community-based study from the Qassim Region of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Aldakhil Mohammed D. , Alayaaf Abdullah S. , Alamro Nibras M. , Aljubaili Omar K. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has surged to prominence as the leading cancer affecting men and the second most common affecting women in Saudi Arabia. The need for preventative screening is underscored by the rising prevalence of precancerous polyps, early-stage colorectal cancer, and the fact that these conditions often manifest without symptoms.

Methods:
This study utilized a cross-sectional descriptive design and employed data from a sample of 425 residents of Qassim region in Saudi Arabia. The participants guaranteed their confidentiality when completing self-administered online questionnaires.

Results:
Nearly half, 209 (49.2%), of the participants indicated that there were increasing incidences of colon cancer in Saudi Arabia. A considerable number [122 (28.7%)] of respondents believed that family history was the risk factor for colorectal cancer. A total of 203 (47.8%) knew that CRC could develop without symptoms. Common symptoms of CRC were cited as bleeding per rectum 300 (70.6%) and abdominal pain 259 (60.9%). The majority, 384 (90.4%), of the respondents believed that CRC could be prevented and cured if detected early, 415 (97.6%). The results noted that more females knew that there were increasing incidences of CRC in KSA (P = 0.03). Older participants were more likely to understand the function of the colon and rectum (P < 0.001**), the risk factors (P < 0.001**), and the symptoms of CRC (P < 0.001**), as well as their willingness to choose colonoscopy to conduct colon follow-up screening even without symptoms (P < 0.001**). Married participants had a higher likelihood of knowing the ranking of CRC among the most common tumors in both sexes in KSA (P = 0.027*). Participants with a higher education level were more likely to know the ranking of CRC among the common tumors in the KSA (P = 0.004**), the functions of colon and rectum (0.003**), and the symptoms of CRC (P < 0.001**).

Conclusion:
The study revealed considerably below-average knowledge about the general public’s screening for CRC in the Qassim region of Saudi Arabia. Although a substantial proportion of participants demonstrated knowledge about the risk factors, symptoms, and prevention of CRC, there is limited knowledge about screening programs in the region. This underscores the need for public awareness campaigns and concerted efforts to eliminate the obstacles preventing more people from getting screened with colonoscopies for early detection and prevention of CRC.
Serum megalin levels in type-2 diabetes mellitus with and without cardiovascular disease
Authors: Rajaragupathy Sujatha , Ponnusamy Deepika , Balasundararaj Dhanalakshmi , Venkatesan Sandhiya , Karthikeyan Jayagowri 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-2 (LRP2), also called megalin, is a multi-ligand receptor of the LDL receptor gene family mediating reabsorption of ligands like Apo-A1. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) may possibly disrupt megalin functions as it is found to be regulated by insulin. This might cause cardiovascular complications due to derangement in lipoprotein metabolism. The current study was carried out to assess the serum megalin levels among T2DM individuals with cardiovascular complications in the Indian population.

Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study involving 80 patients with T2DM. 40 T2DM patients with known cardiovascular disease were selected as cases and 40 of those without evidence of cardiovascular disease were selected as controls. Demographic details, DM duration and class of oral hypoglycemic agents (OHA) used were collected from medical records while details of lipid profile, fasting glucose, serum creatinine and urea were collected from laboratory information system. Serum megalin levels were estimated using left-over samples by ELISA.

Results:
The study groups showed no statistical significance in baseline laboratory parameters except for serum creatinine and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c). Mean serum megalin levels were statistically insignificant between cases and controls (0.91 ± 0.78 ng/mL vs. 0.85 ± 0.69 ng/mL, P 0.74).The subgroup analysis of serum megalin levels based on OHA consumption among cases was also statistically insignificant (P 0.056). Pearson’s correlational analysis was statistically insignificant between serum megalin and lipid profile parameters among cases (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
Serum megalin alone may not serve as a biomarker for cardiovascular disease.
Impact of dextrose supplementation on intraoperative blood glucose levels in pediatric patients undergoing major surgeries under general anesthesia with caudal analgesia
Authors: Babu Sruthi C. , Thomas Dimple E. , Thomas Reshmy , Sebastian Geethu , Kumar Lakshmi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims:
In children undergoing surgery, the stress responses of surgery can result in blood glucose elevation consequent to release of cortisol and catecholamines. The use of a regional block could attenuate the stress responses and lower the blood glucose levels. We compared the blood glucose values at specified time points during surgery with and without additional dextrose to evaluate the need for glucose supplementation as our primary outcome. Intraoperative hemodynamics and the need for any intervention for correction of blood sugars were noted secondarily.

Material and Methods:
Children aged between 6 months and 8 years undergoing elective major surgery were randomized to group D (received 1% dextrose in Ringer’s lactate) or group P (received only Ringer’s lactate). Blood sugars were measured half hourly for 2 h following intubation, and data was analyzed using Student’s t-test and Chi-square test.

Results:
Demographic variables and the duration of surgery were comparable. The baseline blood glucose value was lower in group D. Analysis of covariates test for a comparison of adjusted mean blood glucose (MBG) showed the values at 30, 60, and 90 min to be comparable. However, toward the end of surgery, the MBG value was significantly higher in group D (P = 0.019). Heart rate and mean arterial pressure were comparable at the same points of measurement.

Conclusion:
Dextrose supplementation is not needed for children receiving caudal analgesia for major surgeries of 2–3 h duration and may raise blood sugars at the end of surgery.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of road safety measures and their impact on the pattern and distribution of extracranial and intracranial hemorrhages in fatal head injury cases in Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Singh Ashish Kumar , Tripathi Sachin Kumar , Singh Rajiv Ratan , Yadav Pradeep Kumar , Singh Mousami , Verma Anoop Kumar 
Published: November 2024

Introduction:
In Uttar Pradesh, India, there are many fatal head injuries as a result of road traffic accidents (RTAs). Studying the pattern and distribution of intracranial hemorrhages, a frequent complication of severe head trauma might provide vital information on the efficacy of traffic safety regulations. To improve road safety tactics and lower fatal head injuries in Uttar Pradesh, this study intends to assess the effect of road safety measures on the frequency and distribution of intracranial hemorrhages in fatal head injury patients.

Aim:
This study’s objective is to assess the influence of current road safety initiatives on intracranial bleeding distribution and patterns in fatal head injury cases in Uttar Pradesh.

Methodology:
The 604 RTA cases with head injuries that were brought to the mortuary of the S.R.N. Hospital in Prayagraj for a medical-legal postmortem assessment over the course of a year, from April 2021 to March 2022, make up the entirety of this prospective study. Following receiving institutional ethical approval and informed consent, structured interviews with attendees utilizing a questionnaire were done to gather the data.

Result:
The results show that certain traffic safety measures have reduced the frequency of fatal head injuries in RTAs. A decreased incidence of intracranial hemorrhages was linked to improved traffic infrastructure, including well-planned junctions, pedestrian crossings, and distinct bicycle lanes. Similar results were shown in serious head injuries when traffic restrictions including speed limits, seat belt use, and helmet legislation were strictly enforced.

Conclusion:
There are still issues with fatal brain injuries from car accidents, despite some encouraging results. Safety legislation violations, a lack of public knowledge, and inadequate enforcement all contribute to the issue. Disadvantaged groups like walkers and users on two-wheelers continue to be especially susceptible. The results of this investigation offer important new understandings of the efficiency of traffic safety measures and their influence on the distribution and pattern of cerebral hemorrhages in Uttar Pradesh, India. The results point to the necessity of improved public education efforts and traffic safety laws. More research and focused interventions are required to address specific risk factors among various road user groups. This will result in a safer driving environment and a decline in catastrophic brain injuries.
Serous otitis media as a cause for language delay following cleft palate repair—A case-control study
Authors: George Anjali 
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives:
Serous otitis media (SOM), also called otitis media with effusion (OME) or glue ear, is a collection of non-purulent fluid within the middle ear space. Children with cleft palate are more prone to develop this condition. This is caused by impaired eustachian tube function in cleft palate. They may present with hearing loss, delayed speech, and language development or poor social behavior. This is a significant cause of conductive hearing loss in the early speech-forming years of their life. Even after an early surgical repair of palate, speech and language defects are frequently identified during regular postoperative follow-up by speech-language pathologists. When identified, the approach to language delay varies across healthcare systems and includes watchful waiting, providing hearing aids to early otological intervention. The primary objective was to compare the incidence of SOM in children with and without language delay following surgical correction of cleft palate.

Materials and Methods:
A case-control study involving 63 patients was conducted in a tertiary care hospital with a high-volume cleft lip and palate center from June 2022 to March 2023. Thirty children with language delay were identified and grouped as cases and 33 children without language delay as controls. Tympanogram was conducted after the detailed otoscopic examination. Those with Jerger types B and C were diagnosed with SOM. The incidence of SOM in each group was compared statistically.

Results:
About 70% of cases and 87.9% of controls had SOM. There is no positive correlation between the incidence of SOM and language delay (P-value > 0.05).

Conclusion:
SOM cannot be identified as a causal factor for language delay after cleft palate surgery.
Effect of steroid-soaked throat pack on postoperative throat complications following major oral and maxillofacial surgery
Authors: Ogbebor Irene Omoisi , Benlance Edetanlen Ekaniyere , Igbinosa Lawrence Osarhiemen 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Postoperative throat complications (POTCs) are common and distressing to patients; consensus on their optimum treatment is unclear.

Aim:
The aim of the study was to determine the efficacy of a steroid-soaked throat pack on POTCs following oral and maxillofacial surgery.

Materials and Methods:
This was a randomized, triple-blinded, controlled clinical study design on all consecutive patients who had endotracheal intubation and pharyngeal throat packs following major oral and maxillofacial surgery. They were randomized into experimental (steroid) and control (normal saline) groups. The experimental group had their throat packs soaked with 10 ml aqueous solution of 100 mg hydrocortisone, while the control group had their throat pack soaked with 10 ml of 0.9% normal saline. The data were clinicodemographic, type of throat pack, postoperative sore throat, dysphagia, hoarseness, and cough. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were performed. P values < 0.05 were considered significant.

Results:
A total of 48 patients comprising 24 in each group participated fully in the study. The mean age and the age range of the participants were 37.3 ± 15.6 years and 18–65 years, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the demographic and surgical characteristics studied (P > 0.05). There was a significantly higher prevalence of postoperative sore throat and dysphagia among the normal saline group compared to the steroid group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of postoperative cough and hoarseness between the steroid and normal saline groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
The use of a steroid-soaked throat pack was found to be more efficacious in the reduction of the prevalence of postoperative sore throat and dysphagia but did not affect the prevalence of postoperative cough and hoarseness among patients that had major oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures.
Comparative evaluation of postoperative functional and esthetic outcomes for lip reconstruction with Fujimori gate flap versus Abbe-Estlander flap in patients being operated for oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Jose Anu , Bhola Nitin , Agarwal Anchal , Jain Swapnil 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Lip carcinomas account for 23.6% to 30% of tumors affecting the oral cavity. Lip reconstruction aims to achieve a competent oral sphincter with a good cosmetic appearance while avoiding microstomia. There are various techniques for lip reconstruction like Fujimori gate flap, Abbe-Estlander Flap, Gillies fan flap, Nasolabial flap, Karapandzic flap, bilateral advancement flap, perialar crescentic advancement flap, Bernard-Burow flap, and free flap.

Aims and Objectives:
To compare the Fujimori gate flap and Abbe-Estlander flap in terms of functional and esthetic outcomes when used for reconstruction of the lip.

Materials and Method:
Ten patients diagnosed with oral squamous cell carcinoma requiring resection and reconstruction of lip were included in the study. Functionally, maximal interincisal opening, lip competence, speech intelligibility and esthetically, scar, symmetry of lip during mouth opening, and symmetry of lip at rest were evaluated at the end of 1 week and 1 month.

Results:
On evaluation of functional and esthetic parameters, the Fujimori gate flap provides superior results in terms of mouth opening, speech intelligibility, and symmetry of lip at rest. However, results were comparable in both groups in terms of lip competence, scar, and symmetry of lip during mouth opening.

Conclusion:
The results of this study suggest that the Fujimori gate flap provides superior results with respect to function and esthetics when used for the reconstruction of lower lip defects with minimal or less complications.
Infrahyoid myocutaneous flap for reconstruction in head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Sharma Vikas , Singhal Ashish , Pandey Sandhya , Ajeet Gandhi 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Reconstruction of head and neck defects following tumor excision is one of the most challenging surgeries due to multiple reasons, such as associated cosmetic and functional impairments. The three-dimensional aspect of the defect makes it more difficult. Although in modern settings, microvascular surgery is preferred in many conditions, it requires the presence of resources and expertise. Locoregional flaps are workhorse flaps in head and neck reconstruction. In this article, we present an uncommonly used flap with high acceptability and success rate in head and neck reconstruction.

Aim:
To find outcomes of using infrahyoid flap reconstruction in head and neck defects following cancer excision.

Materials and Methods:
The retrospective study was conducted in the surgical oncology department of our institute. Patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, clinically T1–T3 and N0–N1 stage, with anticipated defects of small to medium defects were included in the study. The study was conducted from July 2020 to June 2022, including a follow-up of 1 year. A total of 14 patients were included in the study. All patients had squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity involving different subsites. Patients were operated on by a single surgeon, using the same technique.

Result:
A total of 14 patients were included with a male-to-female ratio of 11:3 and age between 45 and 60 years. None of the patients underwent revision surgery, and none of the patients had total flap loss. Four patients had minor flap complications, of which three patients had partial, superficial skin necrosis of the flap which was managed conservatively and epithelized later. None of the patients developed major complications, oro-cutaneous fistula, or radiation necrosis. None of the patients developed recurrence after 1 year of surgery.

Conclusion:
The infrahyoid myocutaneous flap (IHF) is a fairly reliable and easy-to-perform flap for small- and medium-sized defects of the oral cavity, without requiring additional incisions and donor site reconstruction.
NIRADS-based case assessment of post-treatment head and neck cancer and its clinical correlation: A validation study
Authors: Mishra Aseem , Tewari Vertika , Shukla Shreya , Singh Satyendra Narayan , Shukla Varun , Sarkar Sunayana , Roy Suddhasheel , Nanda Sambit Swarup , Shankar Ravi , Lamba Komal , Das Abhishek , Kapoor Akhil , Dhal Ipsita 
Published: November 2024

Introduction:
The neck imaging reporting and data system (NIRADS) lexicon is aimed at surveillance of head and neck cancer during post-treatment follow-up using either a CECT or PET-CT scan. These recommendations standardize management, reduce interobserver variability, and standardizes scientific communication.

Objectives:
The primary aim of this study was to validate the correlation between the NI-RADS category and disease status on clinical follow-up and histopathological analysis. The other objective was to assess the status of primary as well as nodal site at least 8 to 12 weeks after definitive treatment on first post-treatment imaging as per NI-RADS.

Materials and Methods:
We did a retrospective review of maintained a database of patients treated with curative intent radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. The diagnostic accuracy of NIRADS was compared with the clinical follow-up and histopathological findings. Data was recorded using the NIRADS lexicon and analyzed using SPSS 25.

Result:
In our study, 37 cases were followed with CECT, whereas 111 were followed with PET-CT. We observed no significant difference between CECT and PET-CT for predicting recurrence in any of the NIRADS category. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy of NIRADS to predict recurrence for the primary site is 61.54%, 75.21%, 34.8%, 90.1%, and 72.79%, respectively, whereas for the neck, it is 69.54%, 75.41%, 37.5%, 92%, and 74.32%.

Conclusion:
NIRADS score is strongly associated with positive disease in as Neck as well as primary. Increased use of NIRADS will lead to a uniform reporting system and improved patient outcome.
Exploring anomalous muscular architecture: a case of the dorsoepitrochlearis muscle
Authors: Nurani Khulud , Kenneth Mbira , Njoroge Jimmy , Wambua Brian , Ayub Khalid 
Published: November 2024

Anatomic variations in the upper limb are of great significance as they pose implications on surgical techniques and raise the risk of intraoperative injury.The presence of dorsoepitrochlearis muscle was discovered during routine dissection of a male cadaver at the Department of Human Anatomy. This variant muscle was found in the right axillary region, originating as a single strip from latissimus dorsi and attaching onto the medial epicondyle of the humerus. Dorsoepitrochlearis is a rare anatomical variation whose spectrum of clinical manifestation may extend from asymptomatic to muscular paresthesia and atrophy as well as motion restriction. A rich basis of knowledge of anatomical variations is crucial in diagnosis and management.
Bilateral distal tibio-fibular synostosis: a case of morphological deformity in cadaveric remains of black ethnicity at the department of anatomy, equator University of Science and Technology
Authors: Nagawa Edith , Sebagala Steven , Twijukye Nicholas , Bukulu Augustine , Mwaka Erisa 
Published: November 2024

Tibial fibular synostosis is a rare congenital or acquired abnormality with most cases identified coincidentally upon clinical presentation. Distal tibio-fibular synostosis are reported to be secondary to traumatic events; and whereas Unilateral distal Tibial fibular synostosis have been widely documented, bilateral occurrences are rare among persons of black ethnicity. The objective of this report is to elaborate a rare occurrence of bilateral distal tibial fibular synostosis incidentally found during a bone preparation procedure in a gross anatomy laboratory. This was a distally located bone fusion with exostoses, involving the anterior, medial and posterior surfaces of the tibial-fibular bones. The causative factor of this deformity in our case couldn’t be ascertained since this was a cadaveric incidental finding with no life or clinical history to relate to. However with distal fusions and visible exostoses, we probably infer that this was synostosis of osteochondromatic origin. Permission to access the case specimens and present this report was sought and granted by the University Research and Ethics committee of Equator University of science and technology.
Teachers’ Classroom Management Strategies And Education Of Pupils With Mild Intellectual Disability In Calabar Municipality Of Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Michael Okaba Ataben , Felicia Akpana Unimuke , Paulina Iye Edom , Linda Nneka Morah 
Published: November 2024

This study adopted correlational survey design to established the relationship between teachers’ classroom management strategies and education of pupils with mild intellectual disability in Calabar Municipality of Cross River State, Nigeria . It was guided by three research questions and three null hypotheses. A sample of 80 primary four pupils in public primary schools in the study area were selected using simple random sampling technique and teacher nomination check list, school record. .One instrument titled “Teachers’ classroom management strategies and education of pupils with mild intellectual disability was developed by the researcher with the help of experts and used for data collection. The reliability of the questionnaire was established using Cronbach Alpha which ranges from. 80 to .87. The hypotheses were tested using Pearson Product Moment correlation Coefficient at .05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed that teachers’ classroom communication skills, application of instructional materials, structured learning environment significantly relate with education of pupils with mild intellectual disability in Calabar Municipality of Cross River State, Nigeria. It was concluded that the education of pupils with mild intellectual disability depend on effective teachers’ classroom communication skills, application of instructional materials, structured learning environment . Based on the findings and conclusion of this study, it was recommended amongst others that teachers should improve their competence in classroom communication skills, application of instructional materials through attending conferences, seminars and workshops of stakeholders specifically for the education of pupils with mild intellectual disabilities.