bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance and Microbial Community of Simultaneous Denitrification and Biomineralization in Bioreactors
Authors: Su Junfeng , Bai Yihan , Huang Tinglin , Gao Yichou , Wei Li , Lu Jinsuo 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe effects of combined different strains on a simultaneous denitrification and biomineralization process were examined. The influence of sodium succinate concentration, pH, and hydraulic retention time on nitrate and hardness removal was evaluated in bioreactors. Experimental results indicated that high nitrate and hardness removal efficiencies were obtained under optimum conditions. The community diversity was markedly influenced by the concentration of sodium succinate. The findings proved that Pseudomonas sp. H117 and Pseudomonas sp. H2 played a key role in the process of nitrate and hardness removal. The main component of sedimentation generated from the bioreactor was detected as calcium ion precipitation by scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction.
Alkylation of Allyl/Alkenyl Sulfones by Deoxygenation of Alkoxyl Radicals
Authors: Han Jia‐Bin , Guo Ao , Tang Xiang‐Ying 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA challenging deoxygenation of alkoxyl radicals from readily accessible alcohol derivatives was developed, affording facile synthesis of functionalized alkenes with good functional group tolerance under mild reaction conditions. Because alkoxyl radicals can easily undergo β‐fragmentations or hydrogen abstractions, this new strategy for deoxygenation of alkoxyl radicals is highly valuable. Moreover, mechanistic studies revealed that the electron‐neutral phosphine acts as the deoxygenation reagent.
Is Iron the New Ruthenium?
Authors: Wenger Oliver S. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractRuthenium complexes with polypyridine ligands are very popular choices for applications in photophysics and photochemistry, for example, in lighting, sensing, solar cells, and photoredox catalysis. There is a long‐standing interest in replacing ruthenium with iron because ruthenium is rare and expensive, whereas iron is comparatively abundant and cheap. However, it is very difficult to obtain iron complexes with an electronic structure similar to that of ruthenium(II) polypyridines. The latter typically have a long‐lived excited state with pronounced charge‐transfer character between the ruthenium metal and ligands. These metal‐to‐ligand charge‐transfer (MLCT) excited states can be luminescent, with typical lifetimes in the range of 100 to 1000 ns, and the electrochemical properties are drastically altered during this time. These properties make ruthenium(II) polypyridine complexes so well suited for the abovementioned applications. In iron(II) complexes, the MLCT states can be deactivated extremely rapidly (ca. 50 fs) by energetically lower lying metal‐centered excited states. Luminescence is then no longer emitted, and the MLCT lifetimes become much too short for most applications. Recently, there has been substantial progress on extending the lifetimes of MLCT states in iron(II) complexes, and the first examples of luminescent iron complexes have been reported. Interestingly, these are iron(III) complexes with a completely different electronic structure than that of commonly targeted iron(II) compounds, and this could mark the beginning of a paradigm change in research into photoactive earth‐abundant metal complexes. After outlining some of the fundamental challenges, key strategies used so far to enhance the photophysical and photochemical properties of iron complexes are discussed and recent conceptual breakthroughs are highlighted in this invited Concept article.
Search for Shorter Portions of the Proline‐Rich Antimicrobial Peptide Fragment Bac5(1–25) That Retain Antimicrobial Activity by Blocking Protein Synthesis
Authors: Mardirossian Mario , Sola Riccardo , Degasperi Margherita , Scocchi Marco 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe spread of antibiotic‐resistant pathogens has boosted the search for new antimicrobial drugs. Proline‐rich antimicrobial peptides are promising lead compounds for the development of next‐generation antibiotics, given their very low cytotoxicity and their good antimicrobial activity targeting the bacterial ribosome. Bac5(1–25) is an N‐terminal fragment of the bovine proline‐rich antimicrobial peptide Bac5, whose mode of action has been recently described. In this work we tested a number of Bac5(1–25) fragments, and we characterized their antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We evaluated their cytotoxicity toward human cells and their efficacy in inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. This allowed us to identify some shorter fragments of Bac5(1–25) with a good balance between antibacterial efficacy, protein synthesis inhibition, and ease/cost‐effectiveness of synthesis, suitable as lead compounds to develop new antibacterials.
Traveling‐wave meets standing‐wave: A simulation study using pair‐of‐transverse‐dipole‐ring coils for adjustable longitudinal coverage in ultra‐high field MRI
Authors: Yan Xinqiang , Gore John C. , Grissom William A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAt ultrahigh fields (B0 ≥ 7T), it is challenging to cover a large field of view using single‐row conventional RF coils (standing wave resonators) due to the limited physical dimensions. In contrast, traveling wave approaches can excite large fields of view even using a relatively simple hardware setup, but suffer from poor efficiency and high local specific absorption rate in non‐imaged regions. In this study, we propose and numerically analyze a new coil which combines the concept of traveling wave and standing wave. The new coil consists of a pair of transverse dipole rings (PTDR) whose separation is adjusted according to the desired imaging coverage. The PTDR coil was validated using electromagnetic simulations in phantoms and human leg models, which showed that coverage can be as long as 60 cm. When the coverage of the PTDR coil was shortened to 20 cm to cover the knees only, it's transmit and specific absorption rate efficiencies were 84% and 37% higher than those of the 50 cm coverage, respectively.
Radiographic retropharyngeal lymph node involvement in HPV‐associated oropharyngeal carcinoma: Patterns of involvement and impact on patient outcomes
Authors: Lin Timothy A. , Garden Adam S. , Elhalawani Hesham , Elgohari Baher , Jethanandani Amit , Ng Sweet P. , Mohamed Abdallah S. , Frank Steven J. , Glisson Bonnie S. , Debnam J. Matthew , Sturgis Erich M. , Phan Jack , Reddy Jay P. , Fuller Clifton D. , Morrison William H. , Skinner Heath D. , Rosenthal David I. , Gunn G. Brandon 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundThe objective of the current study was to characterize the incidence, pattern, and impact on oncologic outcomes of retropharyngeal lymph node (RPLN) involvement in HPV‐associated oropharyngeal cancer (OPC).MethodsData regarding patients with HPV‐associated OPC who were treated at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center with intensity‐modulated radiotherapy from 2004 through 2013 were analyzed retrospectively. RPLN status was determined by reviewing pretreatment imaging and/or reports. Outcomes analysis was restricted to patients with lymph node‐positive (+) disease. Kaplan‐Meier survival estimates were generated and survival curves were compared using the log‐rank test. Bayesian information criterion assessed model performance changes with the addition of RPLN status to current American Joint Committee on Cancer staging. Competing risk analysis compared modes of disease recurrence.ResultsThe incidence of radiographic RPLN involvement was 9% (73 of 796 patients) and was found to vary by primary tumor site. The 5‐year rates of freedom from distant metastases (FDM) and overall survival were lower in patients with RPLN(+) status compared with those with RPLN‐negative (‐) status (84% vs 93% [P = .0327] and 74% vs 87% [P = .0078], respectively). RPLN(+) status was not found to be associated with outcomes on multivariate analysis. Bayesian information criterion analysis demonstrated that current American Joint Committee on Cancer staging was not improved with the inclusion of RPLN. Locoregional and distant disease recurrence probabilities for those patients with RPLN(+) status were 8% and 13%, respectively, compared with 10% and 6%, respectively, for those with RPLN(‐) status. RPLN(+) status portended worse 5‐year FDM in the low‐risk subgroup (smoking history of <10 pack‐years) and among patients who received concurrent chemotherapy but not induction chemotherapy.ConclusionsRPLN(+) status was associated with worse overall survival and FDM on univariate but not multivariate analysis. In subgroup analyses, RPLN(+) status was associated with poorer FDM in both patients with a smoking history of <10 pack‐years and those who received concurrent chemotherapy, suggesting that RPLN(+) status could be considered an exclusion criteria in treatment deintensification efforts seeking to omit chemotherapy.
Ampullary cancer: Evaluation of somatic and germline genetic alterations and association with clinical outcomes
Authors: Wong Winston , Lowery Maeve A. , Berger Michael F. , Kemel Yelena , Taylor Barry , Zehir Ahmet , Srinivasan Preethi , Bandlamudi Chaitanya , Chou Joanne , Capanu Marinela , Varghese Anna , Yu Kenneth H. , Iacobuzio‐Donahue Christine A. , Shia Jinru , Klimstra David S. , Jarnagin William R. , Stadler Zsofia K. , O’Reilly Eileen M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundAmpullary carcinoma (AC) is a rare gastrointestinal cancer. Pathogenic germline alterations (PGAs) in BRCA2 and potentially targetable somatic alterations (SAs) in ERBB2 and ELF3 have been previously described in AC. Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center has implemented an opt‐in strategy for germline testing (GT) and somatic testing (ST) for patients with AC to further evaluate the spectrum of PGAs and SAs.MethodsForty‐five patients with pathologically confirmed AC prospectively consented with the Memorial Sloan Kettering Integrated Mutation Profiling of Actionable Cancer Targets (MSK‐IMPACT) test (410‐468 genes). A subset of the cohort (23 of the 45 patients) also consented to GT with MSK‐IMPACT (76‐88 genes). Germline data for 21 of the remaining 22 patients who had not consented to GT were obtained in a de‐identified fashion without clinical correlation. Clinicopathologic features, treatment histories, and survival data for consenting patients were collected and analyzed.ResultsPancreaticobiliary, intestinal, and mixed features of the 2 types were the primary pathologic subtypes of AC identified in this cohort. No difference in median overall survival was found between pathologic subtypes. Eight of 44 patients (18%) were identified as harboring pathogenic mutations in BRCA2, ATM, RAD50, and MUTYH. In addition, this study found a wide spectrum of SAs in genes such as KRAS, MDM2, ERBB2, ELF3, and PIK3CA. Two patients in the cohort underwent SA‐targeted therapy, and 1 had a partial radiographic response.ConclusionsMutations in multiple somatic and germline genes were identified in this cohort. Significantly, actionable targets were identified in the tumors, and broader testing for PGAs and SAs should be considered for all patients with AC.
Melatonin receptor expression in vocal, auditory, and neuroendocrine centers of a highly vocal fish, the plainfin midshipman (Porichthys notatus)
Authors: Feng Ni Y. , Marchaterre Margaret A. , Bass Andrew H. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMelatonin plays a central role in entraining activity to the day–night cycle in vertebrates. Here, we investigate neuroanatomical substrates of melatonin‐dependent vocal–acoustic behavior in the nocturnal and highly vocal teleost fish, the plainfin midshipman (Porichthys notatus). Using in situ hybridization (ISH) and quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR), we assess the mRNA distribution and transcript abundance of melatonin receptor subtype 1B (mel1b), shown to be important for vocalization in midshipman fish and songbirds. ISH shows robust mel1b expression in major nodes of the central vocal and auditory networks in the subpallium, preoptic area (POA), anterior hypothalamus, dorsal thalamus, posterior tuberculum, midbrain torus semicircularis and periaqueductal gray, and hindbrain. Mel1b label is also abundant in secondary targets of the olfactory, visual, and lateral line systems, as well as telencephalic regions that have been compared to the amygdala, extended amygdala, striatum, septum, and hippocampus of tetrapods. Q‐PCR corroborates mel1b abundance throughout the brain and shows significant increases in the morning compared with nighttime in tissue samples inclusive of the telencephalon and POA, but remains stable in other brain regions. Plasma melatonin levels show expected increase at night. Our findings support the hypothesis that melatonin's stimulatory effects on vocal–acoustic mechanisms in midshipman is mediated, in part, by melatonin binding in vocal, auditory, and neuroendocrine centers. Together with robust mel1b expression in multiple telencephalic nuclei and sensory systems, the results further indicate an expression pattern comparable to that in birds and mammals that is indicative of melatonin's broad involvement in the modulation of physiology and behavior.
Enhancing Lignocellulosic Biomass Hydrolysis by Hydrothermal Pretreatment, Extraction of Surface Lignin, Wet Milling and Production of Cellulolytic Enzymes
Authors: Nitsos Christos K. , Lazaridis Polykarpos A. , Mach‐Aigner Astrid , Matis Kostas A. , Triantafyllidis Konstantinos S. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAcetone and ethanol extraction of lignin deposits from the surface of hydrothermally (liquid hot water) pretreated beech wood biomass alleviates the lignin inhibitory effects during enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose to glucose and boosts the enzymatic digestibility to high values (≈70 %). Characterization of the extracted lignins (FTIR, pyrolysis/GC–MS, differential thermogravimetry, gel permeation chromatography) indicated high purity, low molecular weight, and features that suggest that it consists mainly of fragments of the native wood lignin partially depolymerized and recondensed on the biomass surface during the hydrothermal pretreatment. The pyrolysis products of the extracted surface lignins suggest their high potential as a feedstock for the production of high added value phenolic compounds. When the enzymatic hydrolysis of the pretreated and extracted biomass solids was assisted by mild wet milling, near complete cellulose digestibility (≥95 %) could be achieved. In the context of the biorefinery and whole‐biomass valorization concept, it was also shown that the hydrothermally (hemicellulose‐deficient) pretreated and delignified biomass solids could be also successfully used for the production of crude cellulase from Trichoderma reesei cultures, providing a simple and low‐cost method for the complementary production of cellulases by utilizing fractions of the integrated hydrolysis process.
Automatic extraction technique of CD‐SEM evaluation points to measure semiconductor overlay error
Authors: Miyamoto Atsushi , Kawahara Toshikazu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn semiconductor device manufacturing process, it is necessary to measure overlay error between integrated layers. As semiconductor process design rules continue to shrink, small overlay error comes to lead to the fatal fault of the device electrical property. As a result, the needs for the dense overlay measurement in the chip with the use of circuit pattern increase. We propose an automatic extraction technique of the evaluation points (EPs) that are suitable for the overlay measurement by scanning electron microscopy using design data of the device pattern layout. The proposed algorithm extracts all measureable patterns by evaluation of the positional relationship between a segment pair on the upper and lower layers by plural selection indices. Simulation was performed to estimate the overlay error distribution within the shot area using the EPs automatically extracted by the proposed method. The standard deviations of estimation errors in the x‐ and y‐directions were 0.06 nm and 0.10 nm (3ó), respectively. It was confirmed that distortion in the exposure apparatus can be estimated automatically and highly accurately.
The current and future burden of heart failure in Portugal
Authors: Gouveia Miguel , Ascenção Raquel , Fiorentino Francesca , Costa João , Caldeira Daniel , Broeiro‐Gonçalves Paula , Fonseca Candida , Borges Margarida 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimsHeart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome with significant social and economic burden. We aimed to estimate the burden of HF in mainland Portugal over a 22‐year time horizon, between 2014 and 2036.Methods and resultsHeart failure burden was measured in disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs), resulting from the sum of years of life lost (YLL) due to premature death and years lost due to disability (YLD). YLL were estimated based on the Portuguese mortality rates reported by the European Detailed Mortality Database. For YLD, disease duration and the overall incidence were estimated using an epidemiological model developed by the World Health Organization (DISMOD II). Disability weights were retrieved from published literature. The impact of ageing was estimated with a shift‐share analysis using official demographic projections. In 2014, 4688 deaths were attributed to HF, corresponding to 4.7% of the total deaths in mainland Portugal. DALYs totalled 21 162, 53.9% due to premature death (YLL: 11 398) and 46.1% due to disability (YLD: 9765). Considering only population ageing over a 22‐year horizon, the deaths and burden of HF are expected to increase by 73.0% and 27.9%, respectively, reaching 8112 deaths and 27 059 DALYs lost due to HF in 2036. DALY's growth is mainly driven by the increase of YLL, whose contribution to overall burden will increase to 62.0%.ConclusionsHeart failure is an emerging and growing health problem where significant health gains may be obtained. The projected significant increase of HF burden highlights the need to set HF as a priority for healthcare system.
The role of jumps in the agricultural futures market on forecasting stock market volatility: New evidence
Authors: Ma Feng , Zhang Yaojie , Wahab M. I. M. , Lai Xiaodong 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this study, we explore the effect of cojumps within the agricultural futures market, and cojumps between the agricultural futures market and the stock market, on stock volatility forecasting. Also, we take into account large and small components of cojumps. We have several noteworthy findings. First, large jumps may lead to more substantial fluctuations and are more powerful than small jumps. The effect of cojumps and their decompositions on future volatility are mixed. Second, a model including large and small cojumps between the agricultural futures market and the stock market can achieve a higher forecasting accuracy, implying that large and small cojumps contain more useful predictive information than cojumps themselves. Third, our conclusions are robust based on various robustness tests such as the realized kernel, expanding forecasts, different forecasting windows, different jump tests, and different threshold values.
5q21 deletion is often heterogeneous in prostate cancer
Authors: Kluth Martina , Al Kilani Zaid , Özden Cansu , Hussein Khakan , Frogh Sohall , Möller‐Koop Christina , Burandt Eike , Steurer Stefan , Büscheck Franziska , Jacobsen Frank , Luebke Andreas M. , Minner Sarah , Tsourlakis Maria Christina , Hoeflmayer Doris , Wittmer Corinna , Schlomm Thorsten , Sauter Guido , Simon Ronald , Wilczak Waldemar 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCancer heterogeneity represents a challenge for the analysis of prognostic molecular markers but can be used to study the evolution of molecular events in tumors. To assess the degree of heterogeneity of 5q21 deletions and their relationship with TMPRSS2:ERG status and 6q15 deletions in prostate cancer, a heterogeneity tissue microarray including 10 tissue spots from 10 different areas of 317 cancers was analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization for 5q21 deletion. Data on 6q and ERG were available from earlier studies. Deletions of 5q21 were found in 23% of 265 interpretable cancers and showed marked intratumoral heterogeneity. In the subset of 246 cancers with at least 3 interpretable spots, 23% had a 5q21 deletion. Heterogeneous 5q21 deletions were found in 71% and homogeneous in 29% of these cancers. The likelihood of 5q21 deletion was twice as high in ERG‐negative (28%) than in ERG‐positive cancers (16%, P = .024). In all 21 cases harboring both alterations, the tumor area containing a 5q21 deletion was smaller or equally large than the ERG‐positive area but never larger. Deletions of 5q and 6q were significantly linked. However, the analysis of 32 tumors harboring both deletions did not suggest a specific order of appearance of these deletions. The 5q21 deletion preceded 6q15 in 10 tumors and 6q15 preceded 5q21 in 14 tumors. In summary, our study identifies 5q21 deletion as a highly heterogeneous aberration in prostate cancer that usually occurs late during cancer progression. This is a severe limitation for using 5q21 testing as a prognostic tool.
How does de‐globalization affect location decisions? A study of managerial perceptions of risk and return
Authors: Ambos Tina C. , Cesinger Beate , Eggers Felix , Kraus Sascha 
Published: January 2019

Research SummaryOur understanding of how managers take international location decisions is still scarce. Building on the microfoundations view, we explore managers' perceptions of risk and return in a discrete choice experiment with 2,618 decisions in 2013 (a globalizing world) and 2017 (a de‐globalizing world). While managerial perceptions vary over time due to economic and political changes, such as the current de‐globalization trend, decision heuristics remain remarkably stable: locations perceived as least risky offer the highest expected returns. We also find that distance is a good proxy for managerial perceptions. Investigating the microfoundations of decision‐making we show that international experience, risk‐taking propensity, and shareholder status affect heuristics. In sum, our study provides novel insights into the microfoundations of location decisions and extends the behavioral perspective on internationalization.Managerial SummaryWhile many researchers in the field of international business and global strategy have studied internationalization, surprisingly few of them put the actual decision maker in the spotlight. This study investigates the decision heuristics of managers who are confronted with international location decisions. We show that their perceptions of risk and return in the context of a globalizing world (in 2013) and in the context of a de‐globalizing world (in 2017) vary. However, the underlying heuristic—locations that are perceived as least risky offer the highest expected returns—remains stable. Our study also indicates that distance is a good proxy for managerial decisions and that managers' international experience, risk‐taking propensity, and shareholder status affect their decision‐making patterns.