bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HIV infection does not alter Interferon α/β receptor expression on mucosal immune cells
Authors: Ickler Julia , Francois Sandra , Widera Marek , Santiago Mario L. , Dittmer Ulf , Sutter Kathrin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe innate immune response induced by type I interferons (IFNs) play a critical role in the establishment of HIV infection. IFNs are induced early in HIV infection and trigger an antiviral defense program by signaling through the IFNa/b receptor (IFNAR), which consists of two subunits, IFNAR1 and IFNAR2. Changes in IFNAR expression in HIV target cells, as well as other immune cells, could therefore have important consequences for initial HIV spread. It was previously reported that IFNAR2 expression is increased in peripheral blood CD4+CXCR4+T cells of HIV+patients compared to HIV uninfected controls, suggesting that HIV infection may alter the IFN responsiveness of target cells. However, the earliest immune cells affected by HIVin vivoreside in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). To date, it remains unknown if IFNAR expression is altered in GALT immune cells in the context of HIV infection and exposure to IFNs, including the 12 IFNa subtypes. Here, we analyzed the expression of surface bound and soluble IFNAR2 on Lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMCs) isolated from the GALT of HIV−individuals and in plasma samples of HIV+patients. IFNAR2 expression varied between different T cells, B cells and natural killer cells, but was not altered following HIV infection. Furthermore, expression of the soluble IFNAR2a isoform was not changed in HIV+patients compared to healthy donors, nor in LPMCs after HIV-1 infectionex vivo. Even though the 12 human IFNα subtypes trigger different biological responses and vary in their affinity to both receptor subunits, stimulation of LPMCs with different recombinant IFNα subtypes did not result in any significant changes in IFNAR2 surface expression. Our data suggests that potential changes in the IFN responsiveness of mucosal immune cells during HIV infection is unlikely dictated by changes in IFNAR2 expression.
CD155/CD96 promotes immunosuppression in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD)
Authors: He Weiling , Zhang Hui , Li Shuhua , Cui Yongmei , Zhu Ying , Zhu Junfeng , Lei Yiyan , Lin Run , Xu Di , Zhu Zheng , Jiang Wenting , Wang Han , Ke Zunfu 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains one of the leading causes of death in patients with cancer. The association of CD155 with CD96 transmits an inhibitory signal and suppresses antitumor immune response. This study investigates the effect of CD155/CD96 on immune suppression in LUAD. We demonstrate that LUAD patients with high CD155 expression suffer from immune suppression and experience a poor prognosis, which coincides with an inhibited AKT-mTOR signaling pathway in CD8 T cells and subsequently up-regulated CD96 expression. Moreover, the inhibition effect can be reversed by CD96 blocking antibody. High CD155 expression inhibited the release of IFNγ from CD8 cells. Moreover, Blocking CD96 restored IFNγ production in CD8 T cells and neutralized the inhibition of IFNγ production in CD8 T cells mediated by CD155. Animal experiments showed that CD155-mediated LUAD growth might depend on its suppression antitumor immune response in the tumor microenvironment in PDX mice. In conclusion, our results suggest that LUAD cells suppress antitumor immune response in the tumor microenvironment through CD155/CD96. CD155/CD96 could be a potential therapeutic target for LUAD patients.AbbreviationsLUAD: lung adenocarcinoma; IFNγ: interferon gamma; PDX: patient-derived xenograft; NSCLC: non-small cell lung cancer; PRR: poliovirus receptor–related; MDSCs: myeloid-derived suppressor cells; PRR: poliovirus receptor–related; STR: short tandem repeat; IRS: immunoreactive score; SI: staining intensity; PP: percentage of positive cells; RT-PCR: reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PBMCs: peripheral blood mononuclear cells; SDS–PAGE: sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; rCD155: recombinant human CD155; LUAD cells: lung adenocarcinoma cells; TILs: tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes; GzmB: granzyme B; IL-2 (Interleukin-2); TNF-α : tumor necrosis factor-alpha; PI: propidium Iodide; PDX: patient-derived xenograft; TIGIT: T cell immunoreceptor with Igand ITIM domains; WBC: white blood cells; MFI: mean fluorescence intensity; HPF: high power field
The Relationship between Body Mass Index and Poor Self-rated Health in the Korean Population
Authors: Sung Eun-Seok , Choi Chang Kyun , Jeong Ji-An , Shin Min-Ho 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveSeveral previous studies have evaluated associations between body mass index (BMI) and self-rated health (SRH); however, the results were inconsistent. This study aimed to examine the association between BMI and SRH in Korean adults.MethodsThe study was conducted in 214,997 adults who participated in the 2016 Korean Community Health Survey. Participants were categorized into four groups based on BMI: underweight (<18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (18.5–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25.0–29.9 kg/m2), or obese (≥30.0 kg/m2). Multivariate Poisson regression analysis with sampling weights and robust variance estimators was performed to evaluate the relationship between BMI categories and poor SRH.ResultsThere was a J-shaped association between BMI and poor SRH in both sexes, with the lowest risk observed in the normal weight group in both sexes. Compared with normal weight subjects, the age and lifestyle adjusted prevalence rate ratios for poor SRH were 1.61 (95% CI, 1.50–1.74) for underweight, 1.16 (95% CI, 1.11–1.21) for overweight, and 2.35 (95% CI, 2.13–2.58) for obese men; and 1.24 (95% CI, 1.17–1.32) for underweight, 1.26 (95% CI, 1.22–1.31) for overweight, and 1.77 (95% CI, 1.64–1.91) for obese women.ConclusionsIn a cross-sectional study using a nationally representative survey, there was a nonlinear relationship between BMI and poor SRH. This relationship was more prominent in men than in women. Prospective studies are needed to further clarify the relationship between BMI and SRH.
Neuronal Responses in Posterior Parietal Cortex during Learning of Implied Serial Order
Authors: Munoz Fabian , Jensen Greg , Kennedy Benjamin C. , Alkan Yelda , Terrace Herbert S. , Ferrera Vincent P. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTMonkeys are able to learn the implied ordering of pairs of images drawn from an ordered set, without ever seeing all of the images simultaneously and without explicit spatial or temporal cues. The learning of implied order differs from learning of explicit visual or motor sequences. We recorded the activity of parietal neurons in rhesus macaques while they learned 7-item TI lists when only 2 items were presented on each trial. Behavior and ensemble neuronal activity were significantly influenced by the ordinal relationship of the stimulus pairs, specifically symbolic distance (the difference in rank) and joint ranks (the sum of the ranks). Symbolic distance strongly predicted decision accuracy, and learning was consistently faster as symbolic distance increased. An effect of joint rank on performance was also found nested within the symbolic distance effect. Across the population of neurons, there was significant modulation of firing correlated with the relative ranks of the two stimuli presented on each trial. Neurons exhibited selectivity for stimulus rank during learning, but not before or after. The observed behavior during learning is best explained by a virtual workspace model, not by associative or reward mechanisms. The neural data support a role for posterior parietal cortex in representing several variables that contribute to serial learning, particularly information about the ordinal ranks of the stimuli presented during a given trial. Thus, parietal cortex appears to belong to a neural substrate for learning and representing abstract relationships in a virtual workspace.
The Medicago truncatula Vacuolar Iron Transporter-Like proteins VTL4 and VTL8 deliver iron to endosymbiotic bacteria at different stages of the infection process
Authors: Walton Jennifer H. , Kontra-Kováts Gyöngyi , Green Robert T. , Domonkos Ágota , Horváth Beatrix , Brear Ella M. , Franceschetti Marina , Kaló Péter , Balk Janneke 
Published: July 2019

SummaryThe symbiotic relationship between legumes and rhizobium bacteria in root nodules has a high demand for iron. The host plant is known to provide iron to developing bacteroids, but questions remain regarding which transporters are involved. Here, we characterize two Vacuolar Iron Transporter-Like (VTL) proteins in Medicago truncatula that are specifically expressed during nodule development. VTL4 is mostly expressed during early infection and the protein was localized to membranes and the infection thread. vtl4 mutants were delayed in nodule development. VTL8 is closely related to SEN1 in Lotus japonicus and expressed in the late stages of bacteroid differentiation. The VTL8 protein was localized to the symbiosome membrane. A mutant line lacking the tandemly-arranged VTL4 – VTL8 genes, named 13U, was unable to develop functional nodules and failed to fix nitrogen, which was restored by expression of VTL8 alone. Using a newly developed lux reporter to monitor iron status of the bacteroids, a slight decrease in luminescence was observed in vtl4 mutants and a strong decrease in the 13U mutant. Iron transport capability of VTL4 and VTL8 was shown by yeast complementation. Taken together, these data indicate that VTL-type transporters are the main route for delivering iron to symbiotic rhizobia.
The effect of semantic brightness on pupil size: A replication with Dutch words
Authors: Mathôt Sebastiaan , Sundermann Leevke , van Rijn Hedderik 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTheories of embodied language hold that word processing is automatically accompanied by sensory and motor simulations. For example, when you read the word ‘sun’, a sensory simulation of brightness as well as a motor simulation of pupil constriction would be automatically triggered. Consistent with this notion, Mathôt, Grainger, and Strijkers (2017) found that the eye’s pupil was slightly smaller after reading single words that were associated with brightness (e.g. ‘sun’) as compared to darkness (e.g. ‘night’); that is, the pupil light response was modulated by the semantic brightness of words. However, (other) key findings within the field of embodied language have proven difficult to replicate, and we therefore felt that it was crucial to replicate the effect of semantic brightness on pupil size. To this end, we conducted a close-but-non-identical replication of two key experiments from Mathôt, Grainger, and Strijkers (2017): one experiment with visually presented words, and one experiment with spoken words. Both experiments were successfully replicated. We propose that cognitive modulations of the pupil light response reflect activity in visual brain areas; therefore, the effect of semantic brightness on pupil size can be used as a marker for the involvement of visual brain areas in language processing, and thus to address a wide variety of key questions within psycholinguistics.
Transcriptional terminators allow leak-free chromosomal integration of genetic constructs in cyanobacteria
Authors: Kelly Ciarán L. , Taylor George M. , Satkute Aiste , Dekker Linda , Heap John T. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCyanobacteria are promising candidates for sustainable bioproduction of chemicals from sunlight and carbon dioxide. However, the genetics and metabolism of cyanobacteria are less well understood than model heterotrophic organisms, and the suite of well characterised cyanobacterial genetic tools and parts is less mature and complete. Transcriptional terminators use specific RNA structures to halt transcription and are routinely used in both natural and recombinant contexts to achieve independent control of gene expression and ‘insulate’ genes and operons from one another. Insulating gene expression can be particularly important when heterologous/synthetic genetic constructs are inserted at genomic locations where transcriptional read-through from chromosomal promoters occurs, resulting in poor control of expression of the introduced genes. To date, few terminators have been described and characterised in cyanobacteria. In this work, nineteen heterologous, synthetic or putative native Rho-independent (intrinsic) terminators were tested in the model freshwater cyanobacterium,Synechocystissp. PCC 6803, from which eleven strong terminators were identified. A subset of these strong terminators was then used to successfully insulate a chromosomally-integrated rhamnose-induciblerhaBADexpression system from hypothesised ‘read-through’ from a neighbouring chromosomal promoter, resulting in greatly improved inducible control. The addition of validated strong terminators to the cyanobacterial toolkit will allow improved independent control of introduced genes.
Considerations for metabarcoding-based port biological baseline surveys aimed at marine non-indigenous species monitoring and risk-assessments
Authors: Rey Anaïs , Basurko Oihane C. , Rodriguez-Ezpeleta Naiara 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMonitoring introduction and spread of non-indigenous species via maritime transport and performing risk assessments require port biological baseline surveys. Yet, the comprehensiveness of these surveys is often compromised by the large number of habitats present in a port, the seasonal variability and the time-consuming morphological approach used for taxonomic identification. Metabarcoding represents a promising alternative for rapid comprehensive port biological baseline surveys, but its application in this context requires further assessments.We applied metabarcoding (based on barcodes of the Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene) to 192 port samples collected i) from diverse habitats (water column – including environmental DNA and zooplankton, sediment and fouling structures), ii) at different sites (from inner to outer estuary), and iii) during the four seasons of the year.By comparing the biodiversity metrics derived from each sample group, we show that each sampling method resulted in a distinct community profile and that environmental DNA alone cannot substitute for organismal sampling, and that, although sampling at different seasons and locations resulted in higher observed biodiversity, operational results can be obtained by sampling selected locations and seasons.By assessing the taxonomic composition of the samples, we show that metabarcoding data allowed the detection of previously recorded non-indigenous species as well as to reveal presence of new ones, even if in low abundance.Synthesis and application. Our comprehensive assessment of metabarcoding for port biological baseline surveys sets the basics for cost-effective, standardized and comprehensive monitoring of non-indigenous species and for performing risk assessments in ports. This development will contribute to the implementation of the recently entered into force International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships’ Ballast Water and Sediments.
Linking alpha oscillations, attention and inhibitory control in adult ADHD with EEG neurofeedback
Authors: Deiber Marie-Pierre , Hasler Roland , Colin Julien , Dayer Alexandre , Aubry Jean-Michel , Baggio Stéphanie , Perroud Nader , Ros Tomas 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAbnormal patterns of electrical oscillatory activity have been repeatedly described in adult ADHD. In particular, the alpha rhythm (8-12 Hz), known to be modulated during attention, has previously been considered as candidate biomarker for ADHD. In the present study, we asked adult ADHD patients to self-regulate their own alpha rhythm using neurofeedback (NFB), in order to examine the modulation of alpha oscillations on attentional performance and brain plasticity. Twenty-five adult ADHD patients and 22 healthy controls underwent a 64-channel EEG-recording at resting-state and during a Go/NoGo task, before and after a 30 min-NFB session designed to reduce (desynchronize) the power of the alpha rhythm. Alpha power was compared across conditions and groups, and the effects of NFB were statistically assessed by comparing behavioral and EEG measures pre-to-post NFB. Firstly, we found that relative alpha power was attenuated in our ADHD cohort compared to control subjects at baseline and across experimental conditions, suggesting a signature of cortical hyper-activation. Both groups demonstrated a significant and targeted reduction of alpha power during NFB. Interestingly, we observed a post-NFB increase in resting-state alpha (i.e. rebound) in the ADHD group, which restored alpha power towards levels of the normal population. Importantly, the degree of post-NFB alpha normalisation during the Go/NoGo task correlated with individual improvements in motor inhibition (i.e. reduced commission errors and slower reaction times in NoGo trials) only in the ADHD group. Overall, our findings offer novel supporting evidence implicating alpha oscillations in inhibitory control, as well as their potential role in the homeostatic regulation of cortical excitatory/inhibitory balance.HighlightsResting alpha power is reduced in adult ADHD suggesting cortical hyper-activationAdult ADHD patients successfully reduce alpha power during neurofeedbackA post-neurofeedback rebound normalizes alpha power in adult ADHDAlpha power rebound correlates with improvement of inhibitory control in adult ADHD
TTBK2 and primary cilia are essential for the connectivity and survival of cerebellar Purkinje neurons
Authors: Bowie Emily , Goetz Sarah C. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTPrimary cilia are vital signaling organelles that extend from most types of cells, including neurons and glia. However, their function, particularly on neurons in the adult brain, remains largely unknown. Tau tubulin kinase 2 (TTBK2) is a critical regulator of ciliogenesis, and is also mutated a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder, spinocerebellar ataxia type 11 (SCA11). Here, we show that conditional knockout ofTtbk2in adult mice results in degenerative cerebellar phenotypes that recapitulate aspects of human SCA11 including motor coordination deficits, loss of synaptic connections to Purkinje cells (PCs), and eventual loss of PCs. We also find that theTtbk2conditional mutant mice quickly lose cilia throughout the brain. We show that conditional knockout of the key ciliary trafficking geneIft88in adult mice results in nearly identical cerebellar phenotypes to those of theTtbk2knockout, supporting disruption of ciliary signaling as a key driver of these phenotypes. Our data suggest that primary cilia play an integral role in maintaining adult neuronal function, and offers novel insights into the mechanisms involved in neurodegeneration.
Divergent behavioral responses in protracted opioid withdrawal in male and female C57BL/6J mice
Authors: Bravo Isabel M. , Luster Brennon R. , Flanigan Meghan E. , Perez Patric J. , Cogan Elizabeth S. , Schmidt Karl T. , McElligott Zoe A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPersons suffering from opioid use disorder (OUD) experience long-lasting dysphoric symptoms well into extended periods of withdrawal. This protracted withdrawal syndrome is notably characterized by heightened anxiety. Here we investigate if an exacerbated withdrawal model of acute morphine dependence results in lasting behavioral adaptation 6 weeks into forced abstinence. We found that our exacerbated morphine withdrawal paradigm produced distinct impairments in elevated-plus maze, open field, and social interaction tests in male and female mice. These findings will be relevant for future investigation examining the neural mechanisms underlying these behaviors, and will aid in uncovering physiological sex differences in response to opioid withdrawal.
Engineering microscale systems for fully autonomous intracellular neural interfaces
Authors: Kumar Swathy Sampath , Baker Michael S. , Okandan Murat , Muthuswamy Jit 
Published: July 2019

AbstractConventional electrodes and associated positioning systems for intracellular recording from single neurons in vitro and in vivo are large and bulky, which has largely limited their scalability. Further, acquiring successful intracellular recordings is very tedious, requiring a high degree of skill not readily achieved in a typical laboratory. We report here a robotic, MEMS-based intracellular recording system to overcome the above limitations associated with form-factor, scalability and highly skilled and tedious manual operations required for intracellular recordings. This system combines three distinct technologies: 1) novel microscale, glass-polysilicon penetrating electrode for intracellular recording, 2) electrothermal microactuators for precise microscale movement of each electrode and 3) closed-loop control algorithm for autonomous positioning of electrode inside single neurons. Here, we demonstrate the novel, fully integrated system of glass-polysilicon microelectrode, microscale actuators and controller for autonomous intracellular recordings from single neurons in the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia Californica (n = 5 cells). Consistent resting potentials (< −35 mV) and action potentials (> 60 mV) were recorded after each successful penetration attempt with the controller and microactuated glass-polysilicon microelectrodes. The success rate of penetration and quality of intracellular recordings achieved using electrothermal microactuators were comparable to that of conventional positioning systems. The MEMS-based system offers significant advantages: 1) reduction in overall size for potential use in behaving animals, 2) scalable approach to potentially realize multi-channel recordings and 3) a viable method to fully automate measurement of intracellular recordings. This system will be evaluated in vivo in future rodent studies.
JNK MAPK Regulates IFN-Stimulated Genes and Cell Adhesion in Chemoresistant, Quiescent Leukemic Cells
Authors: Lee Sooncheol , Vasudevan Shobha 
Published: July 2019

SummaryCancer cells survive environmental stresses including DNA damage-inducing chemotherapy by entering cellular quiescence (G0). In our previous study, to elucidate how G0 leukemic cells become resistant to chemotherapy, we profiled them at the transcriptome, translatome and proteome levels. We interrogated these datasets and find that IFN-stimulated genes are enhanced in our G0 models of leukemic cells induced by chemotherapy or serum-starvation. Mechanistically, upon induction of G0, STAT1 is phosphorylated on tyrosine 701, leading to transcription of IFN-stimulated genes. Importantly, our data reveal that activation of JNK and p38 MAPK is integral to STAT1 phosphorylation and expression of IFN-stimulated genes. Pharmacological inhibition of JNK or p38 MAPK greatly reduced expression of IFN-stimulated genes as well as STAT1 phosphorylation, revealing a JNK-STAT1 pathway that regulates IFN-stimulated genes. We find that the JNK-STAT1 pathway enhances adherence of G0 leukemic cells. Consistently, inhibition of the JNK-STAT1 pathway dramatically reduced the number of adherent G0 cells. STAT1 is transiently phosphorylated within 24 hours of chemotherapy, leading to transcriptional expression of IFN-stimulated genes. Subsequently, translational regulation attenuates their expression in G0 leukemic cells. These studies uncover translational and transcriptional regulation of IFN-stimulated genes by a JNK-STAT1 pathway that enhances cell adhesion in G0 leukemic cells.