bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics of β-Lactams and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: From Theory to Practical Issues in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Williams Paul , Cotta Menino Osbert , Roberts Jason A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDespite therapeutic advances over recent decades, the mortality rate for sepsis and septic shock is still approximately 25% worldwide. Early administration of appropriate intravenous antibiotics in the right dose is one of the cornerstones of treatment of sepsis. β-Lactam antibiotics are the most commonly prescribed in critically ill patients, and dosages that do not achieve specific pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic targets may increase the likelihood of treatment failure and even emergence of antibiotic resistance. Fluctuations in physiological parameters are often observed in critically ill patients, leading to altered pharmacokinetics and increased risk of suboptimal exposures, especially if standard dosing according to the product information is prescribed. Contemporary evidence illustrates that therapeutic β-lactam concentrations are inconsistently achieved at steady state. This review will investigate alternative β-lactam dose optimization strategies including prolonged infusions, guideline-based dosing, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), and the use of dose optimization software, all of which aim to increase the likelihood of achieving therapeutic drug concentrations and improve clinical outcomes as compared with the standard dosing approach. These dose optimization strategies have been the subject of a growing body of evidence; however, further investigation into the outcome benefits and validity of both non-TDM and TDM dosing strategies is required. For the clinician, it is important to select a feasible dosing strategy tailored for the individual patient, which will maximize the likelihood of achieving therapeutic concentrations at steady state and maintain these exposures throughout the course of therapy.
Management and Prevention of Central Venous Catheter-Related Infections in the ICU
Authors: Buetti Niccolò , Timsit Jean-François 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCentral venous catheter-related bloodstream infections (CR-BSI) are a frequent event in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting. In contrast to other nosocomial infections, most risk factors for CR-BSI are linked to the device and can be prevented efficiently. Rates of CR-BSI higher than 1 per 1,000 catheter days are no longer acceptable. A continuous quality improvement program is effective to reduce them. Key elements of prevention of CR-BSI are hand hygiene, avoidance of insertion of unnecessary catheters, full sterile barrier precautions at insertion, preferential use of subclavian venous insertion site, cutaneous antisepsis with 2% chlorhexidine alcoholic preparation, use of chlorhexidine-impregnated dressings, immediate replacement of moistened or detached catheter dressings, and removal of catheters as soon as possible. Audit and feedback of the process of care, infection rates, and periodic re-education of health care providers are other instrumental tools in the prevention of CR-BSI. Catheter removal is the main therapeutic intervention, especially recommended in the case of sepsis or shock. While awaiting culture results, an empiric antimicrobial treatment of CR-BSI should target gram-positive microorganism (i.e., Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative coverage should be based on clinical variables, patients' risk factors, and previous colonization status. While a short course of antimicrobials (7 days) is sufficient for noncomplicated CR-BSI, a longer course of 14 days should be preferred for uncomplicated S. aureus and Candida CR-BSI. In case of persisting fever or positive blood culture after 3 days despite adequate antimicrobial therapy and catheter removal, catheter-related complications (e.g., endocarditis, thrombophlebitis, septic metastasis) should be ruled out.
Early Antimicrobial Therapy for Sepsis: Does Each Hour Really Count?
Authors: Guery Benoit , Calandra Thierry 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFor the last decades, the timing of antimicrobial therapy has remained a hotly debated topic in sepsis as well as other infectious diseases like community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) or bacterial meningitis (CABM). In CAP, a relationship between the time to antibiotic administration and mortality was found only in the largest cohort, but all these studies were retrospective and of low quality. In CABM, the level of evidence remains also limited, but there is now a good body of evidence linking the delay to antibiotic administration to unfavorable outcome. The European guidelines strongly suggest that time period should not exceed 1 hour. Finally, in sepsis, if the 1-hour cut-off remains debatable for sepsis patients, early administration (within 3 hours) is recommended in sepsis and sepsis shock as suggested by the surviving sepsis campaign recommendations. To conclude, all these data are in favor of a potential link between the time to antibiotic administration and survival, but we still miss randomized controlled studies to give a definite answer.
Vermal Length and Transcerebellar Diameter in Gestational Age Estimation: A Guide to Forensic Expert
Authors: Ahmad Nadia , Jethani S. L. , Singh Deepa , Nautiyal Ruchira 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Transcerebellar diameter is one of the reliable, constant predicting parameters to assess the gestational age and fetal growth. Other than this, measurements of vermis, mostly the vermal length (height), have also been mentioned by authors to assess gestational age. Establishing a correlation between parameters and advancing gestation would be helpful in estimating the gestational age of fetus.
Aims and Objectives To establish a correlation of vermal length and transcerebellar diameter with gestational age.
Materials and Methods An observational and descriptive study conducted on 60 formalin-fixed human cerebellums. Fetuses with gross congenital/neurological abnormality were excluded. Fetuses were grouped into four groups—group 1 (13–17 weeks), group 2 (18–22 weeks), group 3 (23–27 weeks), and group 4 (28–32 weeks of gestation). Vermal length and transcerebellar diameter were measured with help of Vernier calipers. The data obtained were analyzed using statistical software SPSS version 20.0 and one-way analysis of variance.
Observation A linear increase in vermal length parameters and transcerebellar diameter were seen with increasing gestational age. Regression analysis was done and regression equation was derived for each parameter.
Conclusion Such correlations would help in fetal age determination in the field of forensic studies.
Caspase-7 uses RNA to enhance proteolysis of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 and other RNA-binding proteins
Authors: Desroches Alexandre , Denault Jean-Bernard 
Published: October 2019

Significance
During apoptosis, hundreds of intracellular proteins are cleaved by caspases. In addition to recognizing optimized motifs in the primary structure of its substrates, we show that caspase-7 possesses an exosite to enhance poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) recognition via the mutual binding of RNA. We also demonstrate that caspase-7 binds RNA and that PARP-1, via 2 RNA-binding domains, likely binds the same RNA molecule, bringing itself near caspase-7 for prompt inactivation. This mechanism is conserved in the mouse ortholog. We have also validated the use of RNA for the efficient cleavage of 6 other RNA-BPs, demonstrating that this distinctive mode of proteolysis enhancement by caspase-7 is an essential feature of substrate recognition during apoptosis.
Nutritional value of bananas (
Musaceae
) wastes for ruminants.
Authors: Rusdy M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The low availability and quality of forage during the dry season are the main problems faced by livestock keepers in the tropics and subtropics. One way to alleviate the problems is through the utilization of banana wastes (pseudo-stem, leaf and fruit peel) as feed for ruminants. To generate information useful for increasing the utilization of banana wastes for ruminant animals, research on dry matter (DM) potential and nutritional composition of banana wastes was identified in the literature. DM yield, crude protein, fibre, digestibility and degradability and mineral contents were elaborated and their relationship with DM intake, animal requirements and animal production are reviewed. Supplementation of banana wastes for optimum animal production is also described and discussed.
Effect of prohydrojasmon on total phenolic content, anthocyanin accumulation and antioxidant activity in komatsuna and lettuce
Authors: Azis Haidar Rafid , Etteieb Selma , Takahashi Shinya , Koshiyama Masami , Fujisawa Hiroshi , Isoda Hiroko 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTProhydrojasmon has been reported to improve the quality of crops. However, most previous studies have investigated its application on fruits. Here, we evaluated the effect of prohydrojasmon on the growth and total phenolic content, anthocyanin content, and antioxidant activity in komatsuna (Brassica rapa var. periviridis) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Prohydrojasmon did not show any serious inhibitory effect. Prohydrojasmon applied to komatsuna at a concentration of 0.5 µM significantly increased the total phenolic content and anthocyanin content, and a concentration of 1 µM increased the antioxidant activity. In lettuce, prohydrojasmon at a concentration of 400 µM significantly increased the total phenolic content and anthocyanin content, while a concentration of 0.5 µM significantly increased the antioxidant activity. These results suggest that prohydrojasmon positively affects the phenolic compound and anthocyanin accumulation and antioxidant activity in komatsuna and lettuce without adversely affecting growth.
GRM4 inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of human osteosarcoma cells through interaction with CBX4
Authors: Zhang Zengliang , Li Nan , Wei Xing , Chen Bingyao , Zhang Yinglong , Zhao Yantao , Hu Xiantong , Hou Shuxun 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
In recent years, the survey of metabolic glutamate receptor 4 (GRM4) in tumor biology has been gradually concerned. There are currently few studies on GRM4 in osteosarcoma, and the biological function is not clear. Analysis of TCGA database showed that there was no substantial deviation in the expression of GRM4 between osteosarcoma and normal tissues. In the subsequent experiments, there is no significant difference in either mRNA or protein levels among immortalized human osteoblasts and various osteosarcoma cells. With the overexpression of GRM4, cell proliferation, migration and invasion were inhibited obviously. It was further revealed that GRM4 can interact with CBX4 to restrict the nuclear localization of CBX4 and affect the transcriptional activity of HIF-1α. This is the evidence supporting the interaction between GRM4 and CBX4, which could inhibit the malignant behavior of osteosarcoma cells through the GRM4/CBX4/HIF-1α signaling pathway.
Target materials for efficient plasma-based extreme ultraviolet sources in the range of 6 to 8 nm
Authors: von Wezyk Alexander , Andrianov Konstantin , Wilhein Thomas , Bergmann Klaus 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In a comparative study the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) emission of laser-produced plasmas (LPP) of gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg) and a magnesium–copper–gadolinium alloy (Mg65–Cu25–Gd10) targets is investigated in order to benchmark the emission potential at a wavelength of around 6.7 nm. Compared to the Gd/Tb targets, the advantage of the alloy is a reduced melting point of T
m  <  500 °C which leads to the option of a liquid or droplet target system as is usually used for a regenerative target concept. Theoretical considerations are presented to compare the emission potential of the four targets in direct comparison. Experimental results of the LPP are discussed with respect to the 6.x nm inband energy, which are consistent with the theoretical considerations. It is shown that the line radiators Al and Mg seem to be suitable emitters with comparable brightness to Gd- or Tb-based sources. The measured conversion efficiency of the Mg65Cu25Gd10 target reaches 80% of that of the pure Gd LPP although the Gd fraction is only 2% (atom percent).
Quantum tomography of light states by photon-number-resolving detectors
Authors: Olivares Stefano , Allevi Alessia , Caiazzo Giovanni , Paris Matteo G A , Bondani Maria 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We address state reconstruction by photon-number-resolving detectors, and demonstrate that they may be effectively exploited to perform quantum tomography of states of light. In particular, we find that the pattern function technique, originally developed for optical homodyne tomography, may be also applied to discrete data. Our results open new perspectives for quantum-state reconstruction in the mesoscopic regime, and pave the way to the use of photon-number-resolving-based detection schemes in Quantum Information science.
Collective modes of a photon Bose–Einstein condensate with thermo-optic interaction
Authors: Stein Enrico , Vewinger Frank , Pelster Axel 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Although for photon Bose–Einstein condensates the main mechanism of the observed photon–photon interaction has already been identified to be of a thermo-optic nature, its influence on the condensate dynamics is still unknown. Here a mean-field description of this effect is derived, which consists of an open-dissipative Schrödinger equation for the condensate wave function coupled to a diffusion equation for the temperature of the dye solution. With this system at hand, the lowest-lying collective modes of a harmonically trapped photon Bose–Einstein condensate are calculated analytically via a linear stability analysis. As a result, the collective frequencies and, thus, the strength of the effective photon–photon interaction turn out to strongly depend on the thermal diffusion in the cavity mirrors. In particular, a breakdown of the Kohn theorem is predicted, i.e. the frequency of the centre-of-mass oscillation is reduced due to the thermo-optic photon–photon interaction.
The Different of Processing Method Against Polyphenol and Antioxidant Activity of Moringa Herbal Tea
Authors: Asben A , Rini B , Aini L 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Moringa leaves are known contain many types of antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, flavanoids, phenolic compounds and carotenoids. Moringa leaves have the potential to be processed into herbal tea. This study investigated the different of tea processing methods against polyphenol, antioxidant activity and panelist level on moringa leaf herbal tea, and also to get the appropiate processing method of moringa herbal tea. The study was conducted based on 4 types of tea processing methods including black tea, green tea,oolong tea and fragrant tea with 3 replications. The data were reportedas average. This study showed that the tea processing method gives a different to the chemical components and teacharacteristics produced. The results of the processed moringa leaf tea with different tea processing methods showed that the appropriate of processing method was fragrant tea method with the value of moisture content 6.36%, total polyphenol 2.43%, antioxidant activity 71.58%,and the sensory test of color, aroma and taste were 4.13 (like), 4.13 (like) and 3.2 (regular), respectively.
Study Relationship of Rice Chlorophyll Content Index (CCI) Value with Rice Prediction Yield Production on Rice Cultivation in West Sumatera
Authors: Hidayah F , Santosa  , Putri R E 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Yield mapping is conducted to inform farmers about the variability of production that is used as an illustration of the yield of rice plants in a particular rice field area, so that it can be a reference for farmers in increasing their agricultural yields for the next planting season and determining the point area of land that produces the highest production. Through a yield mapping, the production results in an area of land can be predicted by looking at the correlation value and mapping between the values of Chlorophyll Content Index (CCI) of rice plants at different ages and yields at each point of observation area. Measurement of CCI values was carried out on rice plants at the age (25, 40, 60, and 70 DAP). Measurement of CCI values was carried out at 20 observation points in the Banda Langik rice field area located on the Sungai Bangek, Lubuk Minturun, West Sumatra. CCI values and yields of rice plants obtained on each field are then processed into maps of CCI values and yield mapping using GIS (Geographic Information System) applications with the kriging method. Based on research that has been carried out during one planting season shows that the CCI value has a relationship with the yield of rice plants. This is evidenced by the correlation values generated (r) 25 DAP (r = 0.815), 40 DAP (r = 0.877), 60 DAP (r = 0.810) and 70 DAP (r = 0.917). Based on the mapping of CCI values and mapping of production results, it was shown that production results in a land area could be predicted based on an overview of the CCI values of rice plants at different ages.
Quality of Leather Using Vegetable Tannins Extract of Acacia Mangium Bark from Waste of Industrial Plantation
Authors: Mutiar S , kasim A. , Emriadi  , Asben A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of leather using vegetable tanning ingredients from the bark of Acacia mangium Willd. Tanning agent ingredients are provided in the form of bark powder and extract. The first phase of the preparation of the bark into powder and the second stage is the extraction of tannin from A.mangium bark. Extraction using water at 1000C for 30 minutes then evaporated so that tannin extract was obtained. Then the second stage is carried out the tanning process using both materials. Data analysis uses paired two sample for means T-test. The results of statistical analysis showed significant differences in the characteristics of the leather produced. Chemical analysis of leather tanned using A.mangium bark obtained moisture content of 16.76%, ash of 3.42%, tannin bound 18.99% and degree of tanning 38.21% while chemical analysis of leather tanned using tanneries A.mangium bark extract which is moisture content 16.03%, ash 4.18%, bound tannin 32.41% and 84.82% tanning degree. The physical properties of leather using A.mangium bark powder were tensile strength 493.84 kg / cm2, elongation 34.94%, zwik strength / lastability 6.66 mm (leather cracked). Compared to the characteristics of leather using tanner A.mangium bark extract, tensile strength was 254.32 kg / cm2, elongation 44.39%, zwik / lastability strength 8.63 mm (leather not cracked).
Optimization of Composition, Temperature and Time on Production of Particle Board Made from Pine Bark and EFB
Authors: Saad A , Kasim A , Gunawarman  , Santosa  
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The study is aimed to find out the feasibility on the Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) and the Merkusii Pine Bark as a raw material for particle board production. The research carried with varied composition, times and temperature, testing according to the standards of SNI-3-2105-2006 and JIS A 5908-2003. The fiber length of the Empty Fruit Bunches is 0.1-20 mm and particle size of the pine bark passes sieve 40 mesh. The experiment result shows that density, moisture content and MOR meet SNI and JIS but MOE does not meet the standard. The optimal condition is obtained on the composition 70/30 and 75/25.
Optimisation on Frequency of Addition to the Volume of Water by Mechanical Milling Coconut Milk in Traditional Food Processing ‘Galamai’
Authors: Evawati  , Roza I , Fadri R A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Coconut milk is the main raw material needed for processing galamai. Galamai quality is strongly influenced by the quality of the milk used. In the mechanical processing of coconut milk, coconut milk produced is influenced by the amount of additional water and frequency milling. The process of adding the coconut milk in the manufacture of galamai there are two phases to dissolve “saka” and thick coconut milk to dissolve rice flour and Glutinous rice flour. Not yet known how much additional water volume and frequency of the mechanical squeezer milling machine to produce coconut milk coconut meat that is suitable for the manufacture of galamai. The research method is design completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors based on the results of the study treatment Gives the best results of treatment A2B3 (weight ratio and weight addition of grated coconut water is 1: 1 and frequency milling 3 times).
Study on Physical Feature Extraction of Fermented Cocoa Bean with Digital Image Processing
Authors: Radi  , Sukartiko Anggoro C. , Prasetya Kurniawan M. , Agus Pamudji R. , Saragi Gabriel C. , Bangun Bayu P. , Putri Dena P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The study aimed to develop software for estimating the size of the fermented cocoa bean. The size of cocoa bean is one of the quality attributes needed in secondary cocoa processing, especially those related to the activities of sorting and preparing raw materials. This system was developed by adopting digital image processing techniques, starting from sample preparation and followed by capturing the image of cocoa bean samples, converting the color image into monochrome, segmentation, improving image results with a combination of dilation and erosion processes, to the feature extraction as the final stage. The extracted features of the beans’ size are length, width, circumference, and area of the samples, all measured in pixel unit. The features, called as estimated size, were then regressed to the real samples’ size, called as physical features, measured physically in the laboratory. The obtained regression formula showed a strong relationship between the estimated and physical features. The strong correlation between the two features enables the development of a rapid estimation of the physical features of cocoa beans based on digital image processing
Development of “Wheel Hoe” Appropriate Tool for Supporting Organic Farming
Authors: Hildayani O , Putri R E , Andasuryani  
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Development of “Wheel Hoe” is aimed to produce the multifunction tools according to the agriculture field condition in West Sumatra. Wheel Hoe has three implements which used to trim weeds (blade assembly), to cultivate a soil (tine cultivator), to make the drainage (furrower) on the dried soils. This research did at The Laboratory of Production and Agricultural Machinery Management, Agricultural Engineering Program, Agricultural Technology Faculty, Andalas University. The research method is designing a prototype wheel hoe and testing in West Sumatra through observations involved: the speed, wheel slip, work capacity, spacious efficient, and time lost of wheel hoe. Wheel hoe used an engine 5 HP by Dymos. In this research have been produced a wheel hoe that has a dimension length: 180cm, width: 60cm and height: 100cm and weight: 145.35 kg. Wheel hoe test result used tine cultivator implement with an average speed of 0,01 m/s. The width of the plowed land with tine cultivator implement is 50cm. the spacious efficient of wheel hoe using the implement of tine cultivator is high on a red-yellow podsolic soil as much as 97,67% and tine cultivator on andosol soil and litosol soil as much as 96,12 % and 96,17%. Base on the spacious efficient has been got, so we got a conclusion that wheel hoe using tine cultivator implement can be used on all of the type soil in West Sumatra.