bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical inactivity among parents of children with and without Down syndrome: the National Health Interview Survey
Authors: Diaz K. M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundEmerging evidence suggests that parents of children with intellectual disabilities have poorer physical health than parents of typically developing children. However, it is unclear why. The purpose of this study was to examine differences in physical inactivity among a population‐based sample of parents of children with and without Down syndrome.MethodsData for this analysis come from 11 waves (2005–2016) of the National Health Interview Survey, a U.S. nationally representative survey. Minutes per week of leisure‐time physical activity were ascertained by self‐report with physical inactivity defined as reporting no leisure‐time physical activity. Parents were classified as (1) parents of typically developing children, (2) parents of children with Down syndrome, (3) parents of children with a developmental disability that had a high functional impact (autism, cerebral palsy, vision impairment or hearing impairment), (4) parents of children with an intellectual or developmental disability, but who did not have Down syndrome or a high‐impact developmental disabilities, and (5) parents of children with other special health care needs.ResultsParents of children with Down syndrome were more likely to be physically inactive compared with parents of typical children (odds ratio [OR]: 1.51 [95% confidence interval, CI: 1.08, 2.12]) and had the lowest likelihood among all subgroups of parents to children with developmental disabilities or special health care needs. Parents of children with Down syndrome also had a significantly greater likelihood of being physically inactive compared with parents of children with other special health care needs (OR: 1.56 [95% CI: 1.11, 2.19]), with developmental disabilities without high functional impact (OR: 1.58 [95% CI: 1.12, 2.24]) and with developmental disabilities with high functional impact (OR: 1.46 [95% CI: 1.03, 2.08]).ConclusionParents of children with Down syndrome are more likely to be physically inactive compared with parents of typically developing children and parents of children with other developmental disabilities or special health care needs. These findings suggest that parents of children with Down syndrome are a population in urgent need for interventions/programmes that promote physical activity, particularly as child well‐being is linked to caregiver health.
Neuroprotective action of PHD inhibitors is predominantly HIF‐1‐independent
Authors: Vetrovoy Oleg , Rybnikova Elena 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF‐1) as the primary factor mediating gene‐dependent cellular responses to hypoxia represents an attractive target for the therapeutic interventions. The current Editorial comments on an as yet underestimated facet of HIF‐1–related research. The activity of HIF‐1 is being regulated by the availability of its α‐subunit HIF‐1α, which undergoes quick degradation. The process of degradation is initiated by prolyl 4‐hydroxylase (PHD). PHD is an oxygen‐dependent enzyme and therefore is inactivated in hypoxia, in turn resulting in HIF‐1α stabilization, its dimerization with HIF‐1β subunit thereby producing the transcriptionally active factor. It has been suggested that pharmacological inhibition of PHD activity might give the same results. Indeed, a large body of evidence on beneficial effects of PHD inhibitors has been accumulated in multiple laboratory and clinical trials. In addition to them, a paper by Li and colleagues published in this issue of Journal of Neurochemistry also reports that inhibition of PHD by adaptaquin reduces hypoxic‐ischemic brain injury in a neonatal mouse model. When dissecting the underlying molecular mechanisms, Li and colleagues surprisingly found that the observed effects appear to be independent of HIF‐1. These findings draw attention back to the question about possible HIF‐1 effects independent of PHD inhibitors, which has been raised several years ago but has not received sufficient attention so far, and is being discussed in this Editorial. One of the possible mechanisms might be ascribed to the ferroptosis pathway affected by PHD inhibitors but this question needs further careful studies, as well as clarification of other mechanisms possibly involved. Even if they represent a prospective therapeutic strategy, the lack of current knowledge about endogenous targets of PHD inhibitors, except for PHD, calls for a careful and balanced approach toward their clinical use.
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What are the most accurate categories for mammal tarsus arrangement? A review with attention to South American Notoungulata and Litopterna
Authors: Lorente Malena 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The arrangement of the tarsus has been used to differentiate afrotherian and laurasiatherian ungulates for more than a century, and it is often present in morphological matrices that include appendicular features. Traditionally, it has two states: (i) an alternating tarsus, where proximal elements are interlocked with central and distal elements positioned like the bricks of a wall; and (ii) a serial tarsus, where elements are not interlocked. Over the years, these states became synonymous with the presence or absence of an astragalocuboid contact. Within the South American order Notoungulata, a third disposition was recognized: the reversed alternating tarsus, associated with a calcaneonavicular contact. This state was considered to be a synapomorphy of ‘advanced’ Toxodontia families (Notohippidae, Leontiniidae and Toxodontidae), but a further inspection of its distribution shows that it occurs throughout Mammalia. Additionally, it overlaps the serial tarsus condition as originally defined, and it probably has no functional or phylogenetic significance. Calcaneonavicular and astragalocuboid contacts are non‐exclusive, and their presence within a species, genus or family is not constant. Serial and alternating imply movements of the articulations of the mid‐tarsus in the transverse axis, while reverse alternating refers to a small calcaneonavicular contact that sometimes occurs in a serial condition or to a significant displacement of the tarsal articulations in a different (proximodistal) axis. The proximodistal arrangement of the joints could be functionally significant. Two new states are observed and defined: (i) ‘flipped serial’, present in Macropodidae, in which the calcaneocuboid articulation is medially displaced and significantly larger than the astragalonavicular contact, but the relationships between proximal and central elements are one to one; and (ii) ‘distal cuboid’, an extreme proximodistal displacement of the astragalonavicular joint. Serial and alternating, as originally defined (i.e. without any reference to which bone contacts which), seem to be the best states for classifying tarsal arrangement though as the disposition of distal or central bones in relationship to proximal bones.
Inflammation and angiogenesis in the corpus luteum
Authors: Lu Enhang , Li Chunjie , Wang Jing , Zhang Chunping 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAngiogenesis is a very important process that helps establish and maintain the normal structure and function of the corpus luteum (CL). Early luteal development can be considered a kind of physiological injury with an inflammatory response; therefore, the inflammatory response may play an important role in the luteal angiogenesis. The inflammatory response is companied by activated leukocytes and their mediators. For luteal tissue, numerous activated leukocytes such as macrophages, neutrophils and eosinophils are present in the early luteal phase and are widely involved in neovascularization. The objective of this review is to describe the role of the inflammatory factors in the angiogenesis and to discuss their mechanism. Knowledge of action and mechanism of these inflammatory factors on angiogenic activity will be beneficial for the understanding of luteal function.
How do career adaptability and proactive career behaviours interrelate over time? An inter‐ and intraindividual investigation
Authors: Spurk Daniel , Volmer Judith , Orth Maximilian , Göritz Anja S. 
Published: August 2019

Using and extending career construction theory (CCT), this study disentangled parallel and attenuating relationships between career adaptability and proactive career behaviours on both the interindividual and intraindividual levels. Using a large heterogeneous sample of working adults, univariate and bivariate latent growth curve analyses were conducted (three measurement points, 9‐month time span). On the one hand, career adaptability and proactive career behaviours showed positive relations of initial interindividual levels. Furthermore, intraindividual changes in career adaptability and proactive career behaviours were positively related, pointing towards a parallel development. On the other hand, as predicted, the initial level of career adaptability was negatively related to the slope of developmental trajectories of proactive career behaviours. In other words, because the average growth rate for proactive career behaviours was negative, this means that individuals with higher initial career adaptability showed stronger decreases in proactive career behaviours. Finally, only the intraindividual developments of career adaptability, but not of proactive career behaviours, positively predicted higher levels of career satisfaction. These findings point towards diverse developmental relationships between career adaptability and proactive career behaviours. Results are discussed against the background of CCT and successful career development.Practitioner Points

Organizational and individual career management should account for diverse interdependencies of career adaptability and proactive career behaviour developments.

Career counselling that fosters career adaptability goes along with proactive career behaviour enhancement, and vice versa, within the same clients.

Higher levels of initial career adaptability accelerate the decrease in proactive career behaviours within the same persons.

Career adaptability should be increased within clients and employees because this increase predicts higher levels of career satisfaction.
Validity and reliability of the Karitane Parenting Confidence Scale among Japanese mothers
Authors: Usui Yuriko , Haruna Megumi , Shimpuku Yoko 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Karitane Parenting Confidence Scale is a valid and reliable measure used to assess perceived parental self‐efficacy, which is a critical component in facilitating adaptation to parenthood. In the current study, we translated the original version of the scale, developed in Australia, into Japanese and examined the validity and reliability of the translation, including its factor structure. A Web‐based survey was administered to 316 mothers of children aged 0–12 months between May and June 2016. The results revealed that the Japanese version had a two factor structure: “self‐efficacy for infant care” and “self‐efficacy for parental role”. The concurrent/convergent validity of the Japanese version was examined with an acceptable Cronbach's alpha coefficient for each subscale. The present findings indicate that the Japanese version of the Karitane Parenting Confidence Scale is a valid and reliable measure to assess parenting self‐efficacy among Japanese mothers of infants. The results suggest further assessment of parental self‐efficacy by using each subscale. Additionally, future studies should replicate the factor structures across varied or large populations.
Resilience, not frailty: A qualitative study of the perceptions of older adults towards “frailty”
Authors: Pan Edmund , Bloomfield Katherine , Boyd Michal 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundDespite increasing importance placed upon the identification of frailty among the older population, scholarship is limited around the perception of older adults towards the term. This qualitative study aimed to investigate the perceptions of older adults in a New Zealand setting towards the term “frail”.MethodsTwelve participants identified as frail based on unrelated comprehensive geriatric assessment were approached and interviewed in their own homes. Interviews were transcribed ad verbatim and analysed by general inductive approach.ResultsThere was a diverse conceptualisation of frailty among the participants, across physical, cognitive and social dimensions, which differed from professional definitions of frailty. Participants maintained a neutral stance towards the concept of frailty and, however, reject its application to themselves. They also highlight the importance of independence and resilience in the staving off of frailty and the maintenance of quality of life.ConclusionThis study suggests health professionals should shift focus on clinical encounters with the older patient, away from the deficits of frailty and towards independence, resilience and autonomy.Implications for practiceFrail older adults often reject the term frailty when used about themselves, therefore using this term in communication with older adults may have negative consequences.
Recurrent reversible neurologic deficits during hemodialysis
Authors: Parmar Malvinder S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAcute neurologic complications in patients receiving dialysis may be secondary to either underlying comorbid diseases, or to the dialysis procedure itself. An incident hemodialysis patient suffered recurrent consecutive episodes of transient ischemic attacks (TIA) that occurred only during hemodialysis and resolved upon discontinuation of the procedure. Eventual work‐up demonstrated an almost complete occlusion of left internal carotid artery. It is likely that the decrease in cerebral blood flow that occurs during hemodialysis, in conjunction with the severely stenotic internal carotid artery, explained the patient's symptoms. The stenotic lesion was deemed inoperable. The patient was transferred to peritoneal dialysis and had no further TIA events.
Changing the deferral for men who have sex with men – an improved model to estimate HIV residual risk
Authors: Davison Katy L. , Gregoire Yves , Germain Marc , Custer Brian , O’Brien Sheila F. , Steele Whitney R. , Pillonel Josiane , Seed Clive R. ,   On behalf of the Surveillance, Risk Assessment, Policy Sub‐Group of the ISBT Transfusion Transmitted Diseases Working Party
Published: August 2019

Background and ObjectivesEight published studies modelled the impact of changing from a lifetime to time‐limited deferral for men who have sex with men (MSM); each predicted greater risk impact than has been observed. This study uses these previous efforts to develop an ‘optimized’ model to inform future changes to MSM deferrals.Materials and MethodsHIV residual risk was calculated using observed HIV incidence/prevalence prior to the change in MSM deferral, then with the additional MSM expected under a 12‐month deferral for five compliance scenarios, and finally using data observed after implementation of the deferral. Monte Carlo simulation calculated 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsThe architecture of reviewed models was sound, and two were selected for combination into the optimized model. HIV risk estimated by this in the UK under MSM lifetime deferral was 0·102 (95% CI: 0·050–0·172) per million. The model predicted from a 27·8% decrease to a 47·6% increase depending upon compliance pre‐implementation of the 12‐month deferral. A decrease of 0·9% was observed post‐implementation. For Canada, HIV risk under a 5‐year deferral was 0·050 (95% CI: 0·00003–0·122) per million. Pre‐implementation of the 12‐month deferral, the model predicted from 30·2% decrease to 10‐fold increase. A decrease of 47·0% was observed after implementation.ConclusionThe optimized model predicted HIV risk under 12‐month MSM deferral in UK and Canada would remain low, and this was confirmed post‐implementation. While the model is adaptable to other deferral scenarios, improved data quality would improve precision, particularly estimates of incidence in individuals likely to donate.
The effect of tibial plateau leveling osteotomy on patellofemoral kinematics in dogs: An in vivo study
Authors: Zann Geoffrey J. , Kim Stanley E. , Tinga Selena , Pozzi Antonio , Banks Scott A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo quantitatively evaluate patellofemoral (PF) kinematics during walking in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) deficiency treated by tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO).Study designLongitudinal observational study.AnimalsDogs with unilateral CrCL deficiency treated by TPLO (n = 10).MethodsHorizontal beam fluoroscopic images of the stifles during treadmill walking were acquired 6 months after TPLO. Computed tomography was performed, and digitized bone models of both femurs and patellae were created. These digital models were superimposed over the fluoroscopic images with shape‐matching software, and sagittal plane PF kinematics for TPLO‐treated and normal contralateral stifles were calculated. Patellofemoral kinematics were described according to phase of gait cycle as well as relative to femorotibial flexion angle.ResultsIn TPLO‐treated stifles, there was an approximately 1‐mm increase in cranial displacement of the patella (P < .05) compared with the normal stifle at equivalent femorotibial flexion angles between 120° and 140° and predominately during the stance phase. Proximal‐distal translation and patellar flexion angle were mostly unaffected by TPLO when they were assessed according to either equivalent phase of gait cycle or femorotibial flexion angles.ConclusionIn vivo PF kinematics in TPLO‐treated stifles were subtly different from normal, characterized by slight cranial shifting of the patella relative to the trochlear groove.Clinical significanceThe clinical significance of these results remains unknown. These results may provide further understanding into extensor mechanism abnormalities associated with TPLO.
West Nile virus outbreak in captive and wild raptors, Czech Republic, 2018
Authors: Hubálek Zdenek , Tomešek Martin , Kosina Marcel , Šikutová Silvie , Straková Petra , Rudolf Ivo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWest Nile virus lineage 2 (WNV‐2) was detected in the brain of 17 goshawks (Accipiter gentilis) that succumbed to neuroinvasive disease in the Czech Republic during 2018: twelve birds were captive and five wild. Furthermore, two wild sparrowhawks (Accipiter nisus) and three other captive birds of prey (golden eagle Aquila chrysaetos, hybrid saker falcon Falco cherrug × F. rusticolus and Harris's hawk Parabuteo unicinctus) also died due to WNV encephalitis. The 2018 outbreak in Czech raptors clearly reflects a new epidemiological situation and indicates an increasing risk of both raptor and human infection with WNV‐2 in the country.
Subsurface Damage Detection on Ground Silicon Wafers Using Polarized Laser Scattering
Authors: Yin Jingfei , Bai Qian , Zhang Bi 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
A silicon wafer is important for the electronic and computer industries. However, subsurface damage (SSD), which is detrimental to the performance and lifetime of a silicon chip, is easily induced in a silicon wafer during a grinding process since silicon is typically a hard and brittle material. Therefore, it is necessary to detect and remove SSD in the subsequent processes. In this study, a polarized laser scattering (PLS) system is installed to detect the SSD in a ground wafer. It is found that not only the subsurface crack but also the residual stress leads to depolarization of an incident light. The effects of residual stress on depolarization are studied. The residual stress results in the photoelasticity, which causes the depolarization of the incident light in the PLS system. The depolarization caused by the residual stress is determined by the directions and the difference of the principal stresses. When the polarization direction of the incident light is aligned with one of the principal stresses, the effects of the residual stress can be minimized; therefore, the subsurface crack can be quantitatively estimated by PLS.
Mathematical Model of a Vertical Six-Axis Cartesian Computer Numerical Control Machine for Producing Face-Milled and Face-Hobbed Bevel Gears
Authors: Hsu Ruei-Hung , Shih Yi-Pei , Fong Zhang-Hua , Huang Chin-Lung , Chen Szu-Hung , Chen Shih-Sheng , Lee Yi-Hui , Chen Kuan-Hung , Hsu Tzu-Ping , Chen Wei-Jen 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Prior to the development of sophisticated computer numerical control (CNC), both face milling (FM) and face hobbing (FH), the two most popular technologies for bevel gear production, required cradle-type machines with diverse and complicated mechanisms. In the last two decades, however, the gear industry has replaced these traditional machines with six-axis CNC bevel gear cutting machines that have superior efficiency and accuracy. One such machine is a vertical six-axis machine with a vertical spindle arrangement, which offers two industrially proven advantages: compact design and maximum machine stiffness. The technical details of this machine, however, remain undisclosed; so, this paper proposes a mathematical model that uses inverse kinematics to derive the vertical machine's nonlinear six-axis coordinates from those of a traditional machine. The model also reduces manufacturing errors by applying an effective flank correction method based on a sensitivity analysis of how slight variations in the individual machine setting coefficients affect tooth geometry. We prove the model's efficacy by first using the proposed equations to derive the nonlinear coordinates for pinion and gear production and then conducting several cutting experiments on the gear and its correction. Although the numerical illustration used for this verification is based only on FM bevel gears produced by an SGDH cutting system, the model is, in fact, applicable in the production of both FM and FH bevel gears.
Electromagnetic Nondestructive Testing Model and Surface Magnetic Field Analysis for Circumferential Cracks on Metal Rod
Authors: Jiang Feng , Liu Shulin , Xin Shaojie , Zhang Hongli 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this paper, an analytical model for a metal rod with a coating layer is proposed to evaluate circumferential crack from the signals of the surface magnetic field. In the proposed model, magnetic vector equations for four regions of space were built, and series expressions of the magnetic field were proposed by the truncated region eigenfunction method. The calculation results can show the three-dimensional distribution of axial and radial magnetic induction intensities on the surface of a metal rod clearly. In addition, the analytical model is verified by using comsol finite element simulation, which also demonstrates that induced eddy currents on the inner surface of the metal rod with cracks appear to be propelled toward the inner layer of the metal rod and the presence of a circumferential crack directly causes a decrease in the induced eddy current on the inner surface of the rod. The results calculated from the analytical model indicated that the model is capable of providing an accurate variation in the magnetic field due to circumferential cracks at different depths. The analytical results showed that the radial magnetic induction intensity increases by 0.16 × 10−3 T, while the axial magnetic induction intensity decreases by 0.3 × 10−3 T as the crack depth increases from 0 to 3 mm.