bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defect repair with fibrin glue/polyglycolic acid after endoscopic laryngopharyngeal cancer resection
Authors: Watanabe Yoshiki , Tanaka Shinzo , Hiratsuka Yasuyuki , Yamazaki Hiroshi , Yoshida Takao , Kusano Junko , Matsunaga Momoko , Kitano Masayuki , Nakahira Mai , Oe Kengo 
Published: August 2019

Objectives/HypothesisIn 2013, we introduced a modified technique for mucosal/muscle layer defect coverage with fibrin glue and polyglycolic acid (PGA) sheets (mMCFP technique) in patients undergoing endoscopic transoral surgeries for laryngopharyngeal cancers. This technique allows easy and convenient coverage of the wound surface, even when it involves the laryngopharyngeal lumen. To our knowledge, use of the MCFP technique for coverage of postoperative mucosal and/or muscle layer defects involving the laryngopharyngeal lumen has not been reported. The aim of the present study was to retrospectively evaluate the safety of our mMCFP technique used simultaneously with endoscopic transoral resection of Tis, T1, T2, and select T3 pharyngeal and supraglottic cancers.Study DesignA single centre retrospective study.MethodsBetween June 2013 and February 2019, 102 patients underwent simultaneous end‐flexible‐rigidscopic transoral surgery and wound coverage using our mMCFP technique. All patients required mucosal and/or muscle layer resection. For all patients, we recorded the incidence of postoperative complications and the time period for which the PGA sheets could be observed after surgery.ResultsIn 41%, 35%, and 8% patients, the PGA sheets could be observed on the wound surface for 2, 3, and 4 weeks, respectively. Other than postoperative bleeding in two patients (2%), no postoperative complications were recorded.ConclusionsThe findings of this study suggest that our mMCFP technique is a safe and simple method for the repair of mucosal and/or muscle layer defects after endoscopic transoral surgery for laryngopharyngeal cancers.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 130:1740–1745, 2020
On unstable and unoptimal prediction
Authors: Kalociński Dariusz , Steifer Tomasz 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe consider the notion of prediction functions (or predictors) studied before in the context of randomness and stochasticity by Ko, and later by Ambos‐Spies and others. Predictor is a total computable function which tries to predict bits of some infinite binary sequence. The prediction error is defined as the limit of the number of incorrect answers divided by the number of answers given so far. We discuss indefiniteness of prediction errors for weak 1‐generics and show that this phenomenon affects certain c.e. sequences as well. On the other hand, a notion of optimal predictor is considered. It is shown that there is a sequence for which increasingly better predictors exist but for which no predictor is optimal.
A many‐objective evolutionary algorithm incorporating decision maker's preference and its application to management of the electricity distribution network
Authors: Sekizaki Shinya , Nishizaki Ichiro , Hayashida Tomohiro 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper proposes a step‐by‐step decision making approach that incorporates preferences of a decision maker into a many‐objective evolutionary algorithm. The algorithm is applied to a challenging many‐objective optimization problem (MaOP) involving integer objective values, tight constraints, heavy computational burden, and limited knowledge about the true Pareto front. The proposed method consists of five steps. (a) The entire Pareto front with high dimensions is roughly approximated by a small set of nondominated solutions. (b) On the basis of the approximated Pareto front, the decision maker specifies a preference. (c) Reference points are distributed through part of the objective space using the preference information. (d) The approximation accuracy of the Pareto front in the region of interest is improved by local search using the reference points. (e) The most preferred solution from a set of the nondominated solutions is chosen. The evolutionary algorithms employed in Steps (a) and (d) have an improved normalization procedure and selection mechanism for the MaOP involving integer objective value(s) and the tight constraints. Steps (b) and (e) use a graphical‐user‐interface‐based interactive tool we developed to efficiently narrow down to the preferred solution(s) among the high‐dimensional, nondominated solutions. This alleviates the cognitive burden on the decision maker and therefore aids the decision maker in handling MaOPs. In the computational experiment, we choose the real‐world application of reconfiguring an electricity distribution network. We demonstrate that the proposed approach can provide satisfying solutions to a decision maker.
A new miniaturized frequency selective surface designed for Ku‐band absorption and low‐frequency bandpass
Authors: Hu Diwei , Zhai Huiqing , Liu Longhua , Shi Junhao , Nie Zhenghang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis article designs a new miniaturized frequency selective surface (FSS) for Ku‐band absorption and low‐frequency bandpass. The miniaturized frequency selective surface (MFSS) consists of a periodically arranged unit structure, each unit consisting of an upper three‐dimensional absorbing structure and a bottom two‐dimensional FSS. The upper layer is a bent‐closed structure that mainly provides over 90% absorption in the Ku‐band. The underlying structure is a FSS in which it acts as a bandpass filter in the transmission band (2.9‐3.9 GHz). The unit‐cell dimension of the MFSS is 0.091λ0 × 0.091λ0 × 0.054λ0 (λ0 is the free‐space wavelength at the resonant frequency). Due to its small size, MFSS can effectively avoid grating lobes and maintain good angular stability. Finally, the actual measurement verified that the MFSS has good characteristics.
Accurate, precise, simultaneous myocardial T1 and T2 mapping using a radial sequence with inversion recovery and T2 preparation
Authors: Shao Jiaxin , Zhou Ziwu , Nguyen Kim‐Lien , Finn J. Paul , Hu Peng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe propose a simultaneous myocardial T1 and T2 mapping technique using a radial sequence with inversion recovery and T2 preparation, which achieves high accuracy and precision, with T1 and T2 reproducibility similar to the Modified Look‐Locker Inversion recovery (MOLLI) sequence and the conventional bright blood T2 mapping technique, respectively. The sequence was developed by incorporating gold angle radial fast low angle shot (FLASH) readout combined with an inversion pulse and T2prep pulses. The extended Bloch equation simulation with slice profile correction (BLESSPC) algorithm was proposed to reconstruct T1 and T2 maps at the same time in a few seconds, while maintaining good T1 and T2 estimation accuracy. Accuracy and precision were compared among the proposed technique, MOLLI and conventional T2 mapping techniques using phantom studies, 10 healthy volunteers and three patients. In phantom studies, the proposed technique was more accurate than MOLLI (P < 0.05) while achieving similar precision (P = 0.3) in T1 estimation, and was more accurate (P < 0.05) and precise (P < 0.001) than conventional T2 mapping (two‐parameter fitting) in T2 estimation. In vivo, the proposed technique achieved significantly higher T1 values (P < 0.001) and similar reproducibility (P = 0.3) compared with MOLLI, with significantly lower T2 values (P < 0.001) and similar reproducibility (P = 0.6) compared with the conventional T2 mapping technique. Thus, the proposed radial T1‐T2 mapping technique allows for accurate, precise, simultaneous myocardial T1 and T2 mapping in an 11‐heartbeat single breath‐hold acquisition.
On the stationary Schrödinger equation in the semi‐classical limit: Asymptotic blow‐up at a turning point
Authors: Döpfner Kirian , Arnold Anton 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe consider a model for the wave function of an electron, injected at a fixed energy E into an electronic device with stationary potential V(x). This wave function is the solution of the stationary 1D Schrödinger equation. The scattering problem is modeled on an interval where the potential varies. Moreover, V(x) is assumed constant in the exterior, i.e. in the leads of the device. Here we are interested in including turning points – points

where the potential and the energy of the particle coincide, i.e.

. We show that including a turning point lets the wave function blow‐up asymptotically as the scaled Planck constant ε → 0. This is an essential difference to the uniformly bounded wave function if turning points are excluded.
Dielectric properties of epoxy resin impregnated paper insulation in different stages of partial discharge development
Authors: Wang Yongqiang , Luo Yu , Guan Jie , Ding Renjie 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTo investigate the variation of dielectric properties of epoxy resin impregnated paper insulation in different stages of partial discharge (PD) development, a PD experimental platform was established and epoxy resin impregnated paper insulation samples were prepared. According to the discharge amount, the number of discharges and discharge phenomena during the PD process, the PD process is divided into an initial stage, development stage, burst stage, and near‐breakdown stage. The variations of dielectric constant and dielectric loss factor of the sample during different PD development stages were measured by frequency domain dielectric spectrum tester. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the microscopic morphological changes of the samples at different stages of PD development. The surface characteristic functional groups at different stages of PD development of the sample were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results show that: as the PD progresses, the insulation performance deteriorates; under continuous bombardment by high‐speed electrons, the network structure of the fiber surface and the epoxy molecular chain are destroyed, causing the weakening of the binding force between the molecular chains, and the short‐chain structure formed by cracking has a stronger steering ability. Under the continuous action of PD, the inside of the long‐chain molecule breaks and oxidizes, and a large number of small molecules, such as free radicals and monoglucose, are formed. The decrease in the molecular weight of the polymer leads to the weakening of the interaction between the molecules, resulting in an increase in polarization, a large dielectric constant, and an increase in the dielectric loss factor.
Prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal aberrations by chromosomal microarray analysis in fetuses with ultrasound anomalies in the urinary system
Authors: Hu Ting , Zhang Zhu , Wang Jiamin , Li Qinqin , Zhu Hongmei , Lai Yi , Wang He , Liu Shanling 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to explore the relationships between urinary anomalies and copy number variations (CNVs) in fetuses and provide information for prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling for parents.MethodsThree hundred seventeen fetuses with urinary system anomalies detected by prenatal ultrasound were enrolled; 251 had isolated urinary system anomalies, and 66 had nonisolated system anomalies. CMA was performed on the Affymetrix 750K platform.ResultsThe frequency of chromosomal aberrations in fetuses with urinary system anomalies was 11.04%, including 6.31% with pathogenic CNVs (pCNVs). The detection rate of chromosomal abnormalities was significantly higher for the fetuses with nonisolated urinary system anomalies than for those with isolated urinary system anomalies. Seven fetuses (25.93%) with echogenic kidneys were identified with pCNVs; this detection rate was significantly higher than that for fetuses with other urinary anomalies. A 17q12 deletion was detected in eight fetuses with urinary anomalies, accounting for 40% of pCNVs.ConclusionCMA is especially valuable in the prenatal diagnosis of fetuses with urinary system anomalies. The pCNV rates differed between the isolated and nonisolated subgroups of urinary anomalies. Fetuses with echogenic kidneys had the highest rate of pCNVs. The 17q12 deletion was the most frequent pCNV in fetuses with urinary anomalies.
Incidence of gastro‐intestinal anomalies and surgical outcome of fetuses diagnosed with echogenic bowel and bowel dilatation
Authors: Laird Ashleigh , Shekleton Paul , Nataraja Ramesh M. , Kimber Christopher , Pacilli Maurizio 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to evaluate the incidence of gastro‐intestinal (GI) anomalies and surgical outcome in fetuses diagnosed with either echogenic bowel (EB) or EB plus bowel dilatation (BD) but no associated chromosomal, DNA and/or additional structural defects.MethodsA 10‐year (2008‐2018) retrospective review was performed on all fetuses diagnosed with EB and EB+BD (RES‐18‐0000‐072Q). Results are reported as number of cases (%) and mean ±SD. Fisher's exact test, Mann‐Whitney U test and logistic regression were used to identify differences between groups and predisposing factors for gastro‐intestinal anomalies.ResultsWe identified 41 fetuses with EB and 14 fetuses with EB+BD. Post‐natal surgical intervention was required in no patient of the EB group and in 7/14 (50%) of the EB+BD group, p<0.001. The risk of having a GI anomaly was higher in the EB+BD group (RR 42.0 [2.5‐691.6]; p=0.009). Advanced maternal age (p=0.04), ascites (p=0.006) and polyhydramnios (p=0.007) were associated with a higher incidence of GI pathology.ConclusionsIn fetuses with no associated chromosomal, DNA and/or additional structural defects, the finding of EB+BD is associated with 50% incidence of GI anomalies at birth. Advanced maternal age, ascites and polyhydramnios are also associated with higher incidence of GI pathology at birth.
The rhg1‐a (Rhg1 low‐copy) nematode resistance source harbors a copia‐family retrotransposon within the Rhg1‐encoded α‐SNAP gene
Authors: Bayless Adam M. , Zapotocny Ryan W. , Han Shaojie , Grunwald Derrick J. , Amundson Kaela K. , Bent Andrew F. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSoybean growers widely use the Resistance to Heterodera glycines 1 (Rhg1) locus to reduce yield losses caused by soybean cyst nematode (SCN). Rhg1 is a tandemly repeated four gene block. Two classes of SCN resistance‐conferring Rhg1 haplotypes are recognized: rhg1‐a (“Peking‐type,” low‐copy number, three or fewer Rhg1 repeats) and rhg1‐b (“PI 88788‐type,” high‐copy number, four or more Rhg1 repeats). The rhg1‐a and rhg1‐b haplotypes encode α‐SNAP (alpha‐Soluble NSF Attachment Protein) variants α‐SNAPRhg1LC and α‐SNAPRhg1HC, respectively, with differing atypical C‐terminal domains, that contribute to SCN resistance. Here we report that rhg1‐a soybean accessions harbor a copia retrotransposon within their Rhg1 Glyma.18G022500 (α‐SNAP‐encoding) gene. We termed this retrotransposon “RAC,” for Rhg1 alpha‐SNAP copia. Soybean carries multiple RAC‐like retrotransposon sequences. The Rhg1 RAC insertion is in the Glyma.18G022500 genes of all true rhg1‐a haplotypes we tested and was not detected in any examined rhg1‐b or Rhg1WT (single‐copy) soybeans. RAC is an intact element residing within intron 1, anti‐sense to the rhg1‐a α‐SNAP open reading frame. RAC has intrinsic promoter activities, but overt impacts of RAC on transgenic α‐SNAPRhg1LC mRNA and protein abundance were not detected. From the native rhg1‐a RAC+ genomic context, elevated α‐SNAPRhg1LC protein abundance was observed in syncytium cells, as was previously observed for α‐SNAPRhg1HC (whose rhg1‐b does not carry RAC). Using a SoySNP50K SNP corresponding with RAC presence, just ~42% of USDA accessions bearing previously identified rhg1‐a SoySNP50K SNP signatures harbor the RAC insertion. Subsequent analysis of several of these putative rhg1‐a accessions lacking RAC revealed that none encoded α‐SNAPRhg1LC, and thus, they are not rhg1‐a. rhg1‐a haplotypes are of rising interest, with Rhg4, for combating SCN populations that exhibit increased virulence against the widely used rhg1‐b resistance. The present study reveals another unexpected structural feature of many Rhg1 loci, and a selectable feature that is predictive of rhg1‐a haplotypes.
Can plants help us avoid seeding a human‐made climate catastrophe?
Authors: Beerling David J. 
Published: August 2019

Societal Impact StatementHuman‐made climate change places the future of the planet in peril. Rapid greenhouse gas emissions over the past few decades already commit Earth to a warmer climate state and lock‐in future extinctions. I consider what steps might be taken to protect the climate and the future of the biosphere by drawing on our understanding of the Devonian rise of forests. At stake is nothing less than the future of humanity and the fate of species we are fortunate enough to share the planet with.
Summary
Drastic phase down of our carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from burning fossil fuels within decades will likely be insufficient to avoid seeding catastrophic human‐caused climate change. We have to also start removing CO2 from the atmosphere, safely, affordably and within decades. Technological approaches for large‐scale carbon removal and storage hold great promise but are far from the gigaton‐scale required. Enhanced chemical weathering of crushed silicate rocks and afforestation are proposed CO2 removal approaches mimicking events during the Devonian rise of forests that triggered massive CO2 drawdown and the great late Palaeozoic cooling. Evidence from Earth's history suggests that if undertaken at scale, these strategies may represent key elements of a climate restoration plan but will still be far from sufficient. Climate protests by the world's youth are justified. They recognize the urgency of the situation and the intergenerational injustice of our time: current and future generations footing the immense economic and ecological bill for damaging carbon emissions they had no part in and which world leaders are failing to limit.
MD simulations reveal alternate conformations of the oxyanion hole in the Zika virus NS2B/NS3 protease
Authors: Ren Jinhong , Lee Hyun , Kotak Alpa , Johnson Michael E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRecent crystallography studies have shown that the binding site oxyanion hole plays an important role in inhibitor binding, but can exist in two conformations (active/inactive). We have undertaken molecular dynamics (MD) calculations to better understand oxyanion hole dynamics and thermodynamics. We find that the Zika virus (ZIKV) NS2B/NS3 protease maintains a stable closed conformation over multiple 100‐ns conventional MD simulations in both the presence and absence of inhibitors. The S1, S2, and S3 pockets are stable as well. However, in two of eight simulations, the A132‐G133 peptide bond in the binding pocket of S1' spontaneously flips to form a 310‐helix that corresponds to the inactive conformation of the oxyanion hole, and then maintains this conformation until the end of the 100‐ns conventional MD simulations without inversion of the flip. This conformational change affects the S1' pocket in ZIKV NS2B/NS3 protease active site, which is important for small molecule binding. The simulation results provide evidence at the atomic level that the inactive conformation of the oxyanion hole is more favored energetically when no specific interactions are formed between substrate/inhibitor and oxyanion hole residues. Interestingly, however, transition between the active and inactive conformation of the oxyanion hole can be observed by boosting the valley potential in accelerated MD simulations. This supports a proposed induced‐fit mechanism of ZIKV NS2B/NS3 protease from computational methods and provides useful direction to enhance inhibitor binding predictions in structure‐based drug design.
Historical changes in hydrology, geomorphology, and floodplain vegetation of the Willamette River, Oregon
Authors: Gregory Stan , Wildman Randall , Hulse David , Ashkenas Linda , Boyer Kathryn 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHistorical trends in hydrology, geomorphology, and floodplain vegetation provide fundamental contexts for designing future management of large rivers, an area of fluvial research extensively informed by studies of historical channel dynamics. Changes in hydrology, channel structure, floodplain forests, and large wood were documented for the 273‐km main stem of the Willamette River from 1850 to present. Reduced sediment supply and frequency and magnitude of floods have decreased channel mobility and incised channels, leading to fewer gravel bars, islands, and side channels. Human alteration of channel morphology, vegetation, and bank hardening has exacerbated channel simplification caused by reductions in floods, sediment supply, and inputs of wood. A substantial number of floodplain channels reoccupied remnants of previous active channels inundated during recent floods, demonstrating functional but often forgotten role of historical geomorphic structure in modern floodplains and flood processes. In most reaches, area of floodplain forests in 1990 was only 10% to 25% of the area of forests in 1850. Abundance of wood in the wetted channel was generally greater in reaches with higher abundances of floodplain forests. Future trajectories will be influenced by legacies of the historical river but increasingly will reflect evolution of a new river shaped by human development, changing climate, and emerging hydrogeomorphic and vegetation processes. Understanding historical characteristics and anticipating future rates and patterns of ecosystem change provide fundamental contexts for restoring biophysical processes and structure in a large floodplain river.
Analysis of the rebound effects of fossil and nonfossil energy in China based on sustainable development
Authors: Chen Jiandong , Gao Ming , Li Ding , Song Malin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAlthough the rebound effect caused by technological progress has been widely accepted, few studies have estimated and compared the rebound effects of fossil and nonfossil energy separately, because fossil and nonfossil energy consumption have different effects on sustainable development. We use the data envelopment analysis–Malmquist index, logarithmic mean Divisia index, and Jacobian matrix methods to estimate and compare the rebound effects of China's fossil and nonfossil energy during 2006–2014. Empirical results show that nonfossil energy had a higher rebound effect than fossil energy and that technological progress was helpful in decreasing the proportion of fossil energy consumption. Furthermore, we found that technological progress contributed to increases in the relative price of fossil energy, causing nonfossil energy to be more favored. Simultaneously, nonfossil energy produced a substitution effect on fossil energy over the long term. On the basis of the empirical analysis, we also present some environmental policy implications.
NH3‐SCR Performance Enhancement of LDHs‐Based NiMnFe‐Mixed Oxides by Two‐Phase Coexistence and Cooperation
Authors: Liu Xuezhen , Du Yali , Zou Chunlei , Liu Lili , Yang Baoshuan , Wu Xu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMixed oxides with NiMnFe‐LDHs as precursors were synthesized and evaluated as catalysts in selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3 (NH3‐SCR). Appropriate calcination temperature was identified to achieve optimal catalyst. The results pronouncedly affirmed that the catalytic performances of the as‐acquired catalysts were vulnerable to calcination temperature, where Ni3Mn1Fe1‐600 presented preferable DeNOx activity with above 90% NO conversion and 98% N2 selectivity in the range of 150‐360 °C. Multiple characterizations exhibited that the outstanding DeNOx activity was determined by the coexistence as well as cooperation of NiFe2O4 spinel and Ni6MnO8 phase, which could contribute more surface active sites, and synergetic effect arising from the electron transfer between Ni, Mn ions and Ni, Fe ions. Furthermore, a more rapid redox cycle and optimal DeNOx performance were resultantly accomplished.