bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PIXUL-ChIP: integrated high-throughput sample preparation and analytical platform for epigenetic studies
Authors: Bomsztyk Karol , Mar Daniel , Wang Yuliang , Denisenko Oleg , Ware Carol , Frazar Christian D , Blattler Adam , Maxwell Adam D , MacConaghy Brian E , Matula Thomas J 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) is the most widely used approach for identification of genome-associated proteins and their modifications. We have previously introduced a microplate-based ChIP platform, Matrix ChIP, where the entire ChIP procedure is done on the same plate without sample transfers. Compared to conventional ChIP protocols, the Matrix ChIP assay is faster and has increased throughput. However, even with microplate ChIP assays, sample preparation and chromatin fragmentation (which is required to map genomic locations) remains a major bottleneck. We have developed a novel technology (termed ‘PIXUL’) utilizing an array of ultrasound transducers for simultaneous shearing of samples in standard 96-well microplates. We integrated PIXUL with Matrix ChIP (‘PIXUL-ChIP’), that allows for fast, reproducible, low-cost and high-throughput sample preparation and ChIP analysis of 96 samples (cell culture or tissues) in one day. Further, we demonstrated that chromatin prepared using PIXUL can be used in an existing ChIP-seq workflow. Thus, the high-throughput capacity of PIXUL-ChIP provides the means to carry out ChIP-qPCR or ChIP-seq experiments involving dozens of samples. Given the complexity of epigenetic processes, the use of PIXUL-ChIP will advance our understanding of these processes in health and disease, as well as facilitate screening of epigenetic drugs.
Risk and Cost Associated With Drug–Drug Interactions Among Aging HIV Patients Receiving Combined Antiretroviral Therapy in France
Authors: Demessine Ludivine , Peyro-Saint-Paul Laure , Gardner Edward M , Ghosn Jade , Parienti Jean-Jacques 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
We aimed to describe the frequency, risk factors, and costs attributable to drug–drug interactions (DDIs) among an aging French HIV population.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study using French nationwide health care e-records: the SNIIRAM database. People living with HIV (PLWH) aged &gt;65 years and receiving combined antiretroviral treatment (cART) during 2016 were included. A DDI was defined as “These drugs should not be co-administered,” represented by a red symbol on the University of Liverpool website. Attributable DDIs’ cost was defined as the difference between individuals with and without DDIs regarding all reimbursed health care acts.

Results
Overall, 9076 PLWH met the study criteria. Their baseline characteristics were: mean age, 71.3 ± 4.9 years; 25% female; median HIV duration (interquartile range [IQR]), 16.2 (9.5–20.3) years; median comorbidities (IQR), 2 (1–3). During 2016, they received a median (IQR) of 14 (9–21) comedications (non-cART), and 1529 individuals had at least 1 DDI (16.8%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 16.1–17.6). In multivariate analysis, raltegravir or dolutegravir plus 2 nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) significantly and independently reduced the risk of DDIs (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.02; 95% CI, 0.005–0.050; P &lt; .0001) compared with non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor plus 2 NRTIs, whereas cART with boosted agents (protease inhibitors or elvitegravir) significantly increased the risk (aOR, 4.12; 95% CI, 3.34–5.10; P &lt; .0001). Compared with propensity score–matched PLWH without DDIs, the presence of DDIs was associated with a $2693 additional cost per year (P &lt; .0001).

Conclusions
The presence of DDIs is frequent and significantly increases health care costs in the aging population of PLWH.
Adopting Population Health Frameworks in Physical Therapist Practice, Research, and Education: The Urgency of Now
Authors: Magnusson Dawn M , Eisenhart Mike , Gorman Ira , Kennedy V Kai , E. Davenport Todd 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Chronic, noncommunicable diseases have replaced acute, infectious diseases as the leading causes of global mortality and morbidity. Efforts among physical therapists to address noncommunicable diseases have primarily focused on the promotion of healthy behaviors among individual clients. However, the strongest predictors of chronic disease are tied to where we live, work, learn, and play, our families, and our communities. Population health frameworks can help us better understand the complex interrelations between individuals’ health condition and their social and physical environment over time and also inform the development of effective programs and policies that improve the health of individuals and communities. The objectives of this article are to: (1) define population health, prevention, and health promotion; (2) provide a current perspective on the utility of population health frameworks in physical therapy; and (3) identify opportunities for the expanded use of population health frameworks in physical therapist practice, research, and education.
Religion and Sanitation Practices
Authors: Adukia Anjali , Alsan Marcella , Babiarz Kim , Goldhaber-Fiebert Jeremy D , Prince Lea 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In India, infant mortality among Hindus is higher than among Muslims, and religious differences in sanitation practices have been cited as a contributing factor. To explore whether religion itself is associated with differences in sanitation practices, this study compares sanitation practices of Hindus and Muslims living in the same locations using three nationally representative data sets from India. Across all three data sets, the unconditional religion-specific gap in latrine ownership and latrine use declines by approximately two-thirds when conditioning on location characteristics or including location fixed effects. Further, the estimates do not show evidence of religion-specific differences in other sanitation practices, such as handwashing or observed fecal material near homes. Household sanitation practices vary substantially across areas of India, but religion itself has less direct influence when considering differences between Hindus and Muslims within the same location.
The Substance Use Intervention Team: A Preliminary Analysis of a Population-level Strategy to Address the Opioid Crisis at an Academic Health Center
Authors: Thompson Hale M. , Hill Kristin , Jadhav Riddhi , Webb Thomas A. , Pollack Mark , Karnik Niranjan 
Published: March 2019

Objective:
In 2017, an academic health center in Chicago launched the multidisciplinary Substance Use Intervention Team (SUIT) to address opioid misuse across 18 inpatient units and in a new outpatient addiction medicine clinic. This report assesses the first 5 months of implementation and associations with patient health and healthcare utilization.

Methods:
Patient demographic and screening data were extracted from the administrative data warehouse of the electronic health record (EHR) infrastructure. Distribution of sample characteristics for positive initial screens for opioid misuse was tested against those of all patients screened using a 2-tailed test of proportions (P < 0.05). A second analysis compared length of stay and 30-day readmissions within a cohort of patients with a secondary diagnosis of substance use disorder.

Results:
Between November, 2017 and March, 2018, 76% of 15,054 unique patients were screened, 578 had positive scores on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test and Drug Abuse Screening Test, 131 had positive scores for opioid misuse, and 52 patients initiated medication treatment. Patients with a secondary diagnosis of substance use disorder who received a SUIT consult (n = 161), compared with those who did not (n = 612), had a shorter average length of stay (5.91 vs 6.73 days) and lower 30-day readmission rate (13.6% vs 15.7%).

Conclusion:
Leveraging the EHR to conduct standardized screenings and treatment has helped identify an at-risk population—disproportionately younger, black, and male—and treat new cases of opioid and substance misuse. The intervention indicates trends toward a shortened length of stay, reduced 30-day readmissions, and has linked patients to outpatient care.
Airway Closure during Surgical Pneumoperitoneum in Obese Patients
Authors: Grieco Domenico Luca , Anzellotti Gian Marco , Russo Andrea , Bongiovanni Filippo , Costantini Barbara , D’Indinosante Marco , Varone Francesco , Cavallaro Fabio , Tortorella Lucia , Polidori Lorenzo , Romanò Bruno , Gallotta Valerio , Dell’Anna Antonio Maria , Sollazzi Liliana , Scambia Giovanni , Conti Giorgio , Antonelli Massimo 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Editor’s Perspective

What We Already Know about This Topic

What This Article Tells Us That Is New

Background
Airway closure causes lack of communication between proximal airways and alveoli, making tidal inflation start only after a critical airway opening pressure is overcome. The authors conducted a matched cohort study to report the existence of this phenomenon among obese patients undergoing general anesthesia.

Methods
Within the procedures of a clinical trial during gynecological surgery, obese patients underwent respiratory/lung mechanics and lung volume assessment both before and after pneumoperitoneum, in the supine and Trendelenburg positions, respectively. Among patients included in this study, those exhibiting airway closure were compared to a control group of subjects enrolled in the same trial and matched in 1:1 ratio according to body mass index.

Results
Eleven of 50 patients (22%) showed airway closure after intubation, with a median (interquartile range) airway opening pressure of 9 cm H2O (6 to 12). With pneumoperitoneum, airway opening pressure increased up to 21 cm H2O (19 to 28) and end-expiratory lung volume remained unchanged (1,294 ml [1,154 to 1,363] vs. 1,160 ml [1,118 to 1,256], P = 0.155), because end-expiratory alveolar pressure increased consistently with airway opening pressure and counterbalanced pneumoperitoneum-induced increases in end-expiratory esophageal pressure (16 cm H2O [15 to 19] vs. 27 cm H2O [23 to 30], P = 0.005). Conversely, matched control subjects experienced a statistically significant greater reduction in end-expiratory lung volume due to pneumoperitoneum (1,113 ml [1,040 to 1,577] vs. 1,000 ml [821 to 1,061], P = 0.006). With airway closure, static/dynamic mechanics failed to measure actual lung/respiratory mechanics. When patients with airway closure underwent pressure-controlled ventilation, no tidal volume was inflated until inspiratory pressure overcame airway opening pressure.

Conclusions
In obese patients, complete airway closure is frequent during anesthesia and is worsened by Trendelenburg pneumoperitoneum, which increases airway opening pressure and alveolar pressure: besides preventing alveolar derecruitment, this yields misinterpretation of respiratory mechanics and generates a pressure threshold to inflate the lung that can reach high values, spreading concerns on the safety of pressure-controlled modes in this setting.
Relationship of Necrotizing Enterocolitis Rates to Adoption of Prevention Practices in US Neonatal Intensive Care Units
Authors: Gephart Sheila M. , Quinn Megan C. 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Applying quality improvement methods has reduced necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in some neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) by 40% to 90%.

Purpose:
This study was conducted to (1) examine relationships between adoption of prevention practices using the NEC-Zero adherence score and NEC rates, and (2) describe implementation strategies NICUs use to prevent NEC.

Methods:
A descriptive cross-sectional correlational study was completed among US quality improvement–focused NICUs. Relationships of the NEC-Zero adherence score to NEC rates were examined. Subgroup analyses explored relationships of a human milk adherence subscore and differences between high NEC rate (≥8%) and low NEC rate (≤2%) NICUs.

Results:
NICUs (N = 76) ranged in size from 18 to 114 beds. The mean adherence score was 7.3 (standard deviation = 1.7; range, 3-10). The 10-point adherence score was not related to the NEC rate. The human milk subscore related to lower NEC rates (Rho = −0.26, P = .049), as was colostrum for oral care (Rho = −0.27, P = .032). The units that used a feeding protocol showed higher NEC rates (Rho = 0.27, P = .03), although very few addressed the use of effective implementation strategies to track adherence or to ensure consistency among clinicians. The units that used colostrum for oral care were more likely to adopt strategies to limit inappropriate antibiotic exposure (Rho = 0.34, P = .003).

Implications for Practice:
Broader use of evidence-based implementation strategies could bolster delivery of NEC prevention practices. Maternal lactation support is paramount.

Implications for Research:
Future studies are needed to identify how individual clinicians deliver prevention practices, to find the extent to which this relates to overall delivery of prevention, and to study effects of bundles on NEC outcomes.
Systematic Review of the Effects of Skin-to-Skin Care on Short-Term Physiologic Stress Outcomes in Preterm Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Pados Britt Frisk , Hess Francis 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) are exposed to many stressors. There is growing evidence that chronic stress early in life has long-term neurodevelopmental implications. Skin-to-skin care (SSC) is an intervention used to reduce stress in the NICU.

Clinical Question:
In premature infants in the NICU, what is the available evidence that SSC improves short-term physiologic stress outcomes compared with incubator care?

Search Strategy:
PubMed and CINAHL were searched for terms related to SSC, stress, physiology, and premature infants. Of 1280 unique articles, 19 were identified that reported on research studies comparing SSC with incubator care in the NICU and reported stress-related physiologic outcome measures.

Results:
Although there have been some mixed findings, the research supports that SSC improves short-term cardiorespiratory stress outcomes compared with incubator care. The evidence is clearer for studies reporting stress hormone outcomes, with strong evidence that SSC reduces cortisol and increases oxytocin levels in preterm infants.

Implications for Practice and Research:
SSC is safe and has stress-reducing benefits. SSC should be considered an essential component to providing optimal care in the NICU. More research is needed to determine the timing of initiation, duration, and frequency of SSC to optimize the stress-reducing benefits. Future research should include the most fragile infants, who are most likely to benefit from SSC, utilize power analyses to ensure adequate sample sizes, and use sophisticated data collection and analysis techniques to more accurately evaluate the effect of SSC on infants in the NICU.
NICU Graduate Reunion
Authors: Dweck Natalie , Golombek Sergio G. 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Few understand the experience of having an infant in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). This article provides a discussion about the importance of an annual reunion for former NICU infants, their families, and neonatal staff.

Purpose:
The purpose of this article is to explain the impact of the NICU reunion on families and neonatal healthcare providers and describe the experience of organizing this reunion over the past 20 years.

Methods:
This is a description of how a NICU reunion was organized at a regional neonatal center. Graphic-designed invitations were e-mailed to NICU graduates, who previously agreed to being contacted, 2 months prior to the reunion date. Social media were utilized to publicize the event on the hospital's Web site.

Results:
At the reunion, parents and families introduced their NICU graduate to the neonatal staff who cared for them while hospitalized. Sometimes staff found it difficult to recognize the NICU graduates, who were toddlers or older. Parents were relaxed, expressing their appreciation for care received.

Implications for Practice:
The impact of seeing an infant, born at 24 weeks, now walking, talking, and running cultivates pride in the NICU healthcare team. The reunion adds a positive dimension to the work of NICU caregivers. Parents look forward to attending the reunion to reconnect with NICU staff and other NICU parents.

Implications for Research:
Directions for future study include a comparison of staff and families who attend the NICU reunion and those who do not, by using a survey or online evaluation tool, to improve future reunions.
Improving Access to Diagnostic Assessments for Autism Spectrum Disorder Using an Arena Model
Authors: Williams-Arya Pamela , Anixt Julia , Kuan Lisa , Johnson Heather , Kent Bridget , Bing Nicole , Ehrhardt Jennifer , Manning-Courtney Patricia 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
To improve access to diagnostic evaluations for children younger than 3 years with concerns for possible autism spectrum disorder.

Methods:
A multidisciplinary “arena model” for children younger than 3 years was developed, tested, and implemented over an approximately 2-year period. Arena assessment teams comprised a developmental behavioral pediatrician (DBP), psychologist, and speech language pathologist (SLP). Quality improvement methods were used during the design phase, conducting Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles and collecting feedback from key stakeholders, and during implementation, plotting data on run charts to measure outcomes of the time to initial visit and time to diagnosis.

Results:
Over the 9-month implementation period, 6 arena assessment teams were formed to provide 60 evaluation slots per month for children younger than 3 years. The time to first visit was reduced from a median of 122 days to 19 days, and the time to final diagnosis was reduced from 139 days to 14 days, maintaining these outcomes at <35 and <18 days, respectively, over a 2-year period. Total visits required decreased from 4 to 5 visits to just 2 visits, and the average assessment cost was reduced by $992 per patient. Feedback from both providers and families participating in this model was overwhelmingly positive.

Conclusion:
Access for young children referred for developmental assessments can be improved through an understanding of supply and demand and the development of creative and flexible care delivery models.
Features of Catatonia in a 12-Year-Old Boy with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Irwin Margaret , Harstad Elizabeth , Deister Diana , Augustyn Marilyn 
Published: March 2019

CASE:
Thomas is a 12-year-old boy with autism spectrum disorder who presents to his primary care clinician with symptoms of worsening mood in the last 3 months. On review of his last school testing, his cognitive abilities are found to be within the average range, with a relative vulnerability with his processing speed. He can speak in sentences to communicate and answer questions, but he rarely picks up on conversational bids. He has had difficulties developing friendships and often prefers to play by himself.
Thomas has a long history of some features of anxiety and depression for which it was recommended that he establish care with a therapist, but his family has had a hard time finding a provider for him. At this visit, the mother reports that for the past several months he has been more anxious, sad, and easily overwhelmed. He seems irritable at home and school and cries often. His family has been advocating for him to receive increased school supports, as school is a source of anxiety for him, but there are no recent changes in school services. There is a family history of both anxiety and depression. Given his worsening mood functioning, Thomas was started on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) medication in addition to again recommending a therapist. Weekly phone call check-ins and an in-person clinic visit in 1 month are planned.
About 1 month after starting the SSRI medication, he is still not showing any improvement in mood functioning, and his family reports he seems more “sluggish” than usual. There are no side effects reported with the medication, and the dose is increased to see whether it will help. However, about 2 weeks later, he is seen again in the clinic because there are increasing concerns. He continues to be “sluggish.” During the clinic visit, he lies down on the examination table, sometimes holding his head off the edge of the table, which he has never done before. He responds very slowly to the questions and often says “I don't know, I don't know,” almost in an automatic way. His mother reports that he is now engaging in some repetitive hand movements which he had not done previously. He is no longer able to shower independently. He is still eating and drinking adequately. What would you do next?
Consensus Recommendations for the Use of Hyperdiluted Calcium Hydroxyapatite (Radiesse) as a Face and Body Biostimulatory Agent
Authors: de Almeida Ada Trindade , Figueredo Vinicius , da Cunha Ana Lúcia Gonzaga , Casabona Gabriela , Costa de Faria Joana Ribeiro , Alves Emerson Vicente , Sato Mauricio , Branco Adeíza , Guarnieri Christine , Palermo Eliandre 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Calcium hydroxyapatite (CaHA) is a well-established collagen stimulator. In recent years, it has been increasingly used in hyperdiluted form as a biostimulatory agent rather than a volumizing filler to improve skin quality and firmness in both facial and corporal areas. However, guidelines on the techniques required to achieve optimal results are still lacking. The objective of this study was to develop a consensus recommendation for the safe and effective use of hyperdiluted CaHA for face and body biostimulation.

Methods:
A team of 10 experts with extensive experience in dermal fillers and biostimulatory treatments for facial and body rejuvenation convened for a live meeting. Consensus was defined as approval by 70%–89% of all participants, whereas agreement of ≥90% denoted strong consensus.

Results:
For most items, the group achieved a majority consensus. Recommendations have been provided for the face, neck, décolletage, buttocks, thighs, arms, abdomen, knees, and elbows with detailed injection techniques, providing information on insertion points, dosages, and volumes for both needle and cannula injections as well as the number of treatment sessions and intervals.

Conclusions:
The expert consensus supports and provides guidance for the use of CaHA as a biostimulatory agent for face and body rejuvenation. However, further clinical studies are necessary to provide physicians with the best evidence for the best treatment practices.