bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Simple Vortex-Assisted Magnetic Dispersive Solid Phase Microextraction System for Preconcentration and Separation of Triazine Herbicides from Environmental Water and Vegetable Samples Using Fe3O4@MIL-100(Fe) Sorbent
Authors: Nasrollahpour Atefe , Moradi Seyyed Ershad 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
A vortex-assisted magnetic dispersive solid phase microextraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography has been developed for the extraction and determination of triazine herbicides by using magnetic metal organic frameworks [Fe3O4@MIL-100(Fe)] in environmental water and vegetable samples. The Fe3O4@MIL-100(Fe) composite has been characterized by using X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, tunneling electron microscopy, thermogravimetric measurement, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis. The method is based on the sorption of triazine herbicides on Fe3O4@MIL-100(Fe) because of the complex formation between iron oxide nanoparticles and triazine herbicides beside π-π interactions between organic parts of Fe3O4@MIL-100(Fe) and triazine herbicides. The experimental parameters for the preconcentration of triazine herbicides, such as the type and volume of the eluent, pH, time of the sorption and desorption, and the amount of the sorbent, were optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the method was linear over the concentration range of 0.0061 to 70 ng/mL for each triazine herbicide, and the correlation coefficients ranged from 0.9988 to 0.9997. The limit of detection of the method at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 was 2.0 to 5.3 ng/mL. The relative standard deviations for inter- and intraday assays were in the range of 5.8 to 10.2% and 3.8 to 6.3%, respectively.
Evaluation of the iQ-Check®Salmonella II Assay in Select Foods: Collaborative Study, First Action 2017.06
Authors: Bird Patrick , Benzinger M Joseph , Bastin Benjamin , Crowley Erin , Agin James , Goins David , Clark Mike , Tourniaire Jean-Philippe , Pierre Sophie , Lauer Wendy ,   Collaborators:, Ahmed R , Aho D , Bierhals K , Buker L , Camacho A , Crespo R , Daquigan N , Dolland P , Gohil V , Green V , Gutierrez G , Hancock Z , Jumbo A , Klass N , Liska C , McDonough M , Mishra S , Picket J , Shrestha N , Simon K , Solorza B , Sorensen S , Smith J , Thompson L , Weber S , Wright H 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The iQ-Check Salmonella II Real-Time PCR test kit utilizes Salmonella-specific oligonucleotide probes and primers for the rapid and specific detection of Salmonella species in select food types. The alternative method was evaluated by using 375 g test portions in an unpaired study design for two matrices, milk chocolate and dry dog food. Each matrix was compared with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Chapter 5 Salmonella reference method. Fourteen technicians from 12 laboratories, including academia and industry, located within the United States and Canada participated in the collaborative study. Three levels of contamination were evaluated for each matrix: an uninoculated control level (0 CFU/test portion), a low inoculum level (0.2–2 CFU/test portion), and a high inoculum level (2–5 CFU/test portion). The statistical analysis was conducted according to the Probability of Detection (POD) statistical model. The results obtained for the low inoculum level test portions produced a difference in the candidate presumptive and confirmatory results (dLPOD) value with a 95% confidence interval of −0.05, (−0.15, 0.06) for the milk chocolate and 0.10, (−0.01, 0.21) for the dry dog food. The dLPOD results indicate an equivalence between the candidate method and reference method for the matrices evaluated, and the method demonstrated acceptable interlaboratory reproducibility as determined in the collaborative evaluation. False positive and false negative rates were determined for each matrix and produce values of &lt;2%. Based on the data generated, the method demonstrated acceptable interlaboratory reproducibility data and statistical analysis.
The cost‐effectiveness and budgetary impact of a dolutegravir‐based regimen as first‐line treatment of HIV infection in India
Authors: Zheng Amy , Kumarasamy Nagalingeswaran , Huang Mingshu , Paltiel A David , Mayer Kenneth H , Rewari Bharat B , Walensky Rochelle P , Freedberg Kenneth A 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIntroductionDolutegravir (DTG)‐based antiretroviral therapy (ART) is recommended for first‐line HIV treatment in the US and Europe. Efavirenz (EFV)‐based regimens remain the standard of care (SOC) in India. We examined the clinical and economic impact of DTG‐based first‐line ART in the setting of India's recent guidelines change to treating all patients with HIV infection regardless of CD4 count.MethodsWe used a microsimulation of HIV disease, the Cost‐Effectiveness of Preventing AIDS Complications (CEPAC)‐International model, to project outcomes in ART‐naive patients under two strategies: (1) SOC: EFV/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)/lamivudine (3TC); and (2) DTG: DTG + TDF/3TC. Regimen‐specific inputs, including virologic suppression at 48 weeks (SOC: 82% vs. DTG: 90%) and annual costs ($98 vs. $102), were informed by clinical trial data and other sources and varied widely in sensitivity analysis. We compared incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios (ICERs), measured in $/year of life saved (YLS), to India's per capita gross domestic product ($1600 in 2015). We compared the budget impact and HIV transmission effects of the two strategies for the estimated 444,000 and 916,000 patients likely to initiate ART in India over the next 2 and 5 years.ResultsCompared to SOC, DTG improved 5‐year survival from 76.7% to 83.0%, increased life expectancy from 22.0 to 24.8 years (14.0 to 15.5 years, discounted), averted 13,000 transmitted HIV infections over 5 years, increased discounted lifetime care costs from $3040 to $3240, and resulted in a lifetime ICER of $130/YLS, less than 10% of India's per capita GDP in 2015. DTG maintained an ICER below 50% of India's per capita GDP as long as the annual three‐drug regimen cost was ≤$180/year. Over a 2‐ or 5‐year horizon, total undiscounted outlays for HIV‐related care were virtually the same for both strategies.ConclusionsA generic DTG‐based regimen is likely to be cost‐effective and should be recommended for initial therapy of HIV infection in India.
Revealing geographical and population heterogeneity in HIV incidence, undiagnosed HIV prevalence and time to diagnosis to improve prevention and care: estimates for France
Authors: Marty Lise , Cazein Françoise , Panjo Henri , Pillonel Josiane , Costagliola Dominique , Supervie Virginie ,   the HERMETIC Study Group
Published: April 2018

AbstractIntroductionTo close gaps in HIV prevention and care, knowledge about locations and populations most affected by HIV is essential. Here, we provide subnational and sub‐population estimates of three key HIV epidemiological indicators, which have been unavailable for most settings.MethodsWe used surveillance data on newly diagnosed HIV cases from 2004 to 2014 and back‐calculation modelling to estimate in France, at national and subnational levels, by exposure group and country of birth: the numbers of new HIV infections, the times to diagnosis, the numbers of undiagnosed HIV infections. The denominators used for rate calculations at national and subnational levels were based on population size (aged 18 to 64) estimates produced by the French National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies and the latest national surveys on sexual behaviour and drug use.ResultsWe estimated that, in 2014, national HIV incidence was 0.17‰ (95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.16 to 0.18) or 6607 (95% CI: 6057 to 7196) adults, undiagnosed HIV prevalence was 0.64‰ (95% CI: 0.57 to 0.70) or 24,197 (95% CI: 22,296 to 25,944) adults and median time to diagnosis over the 2011 to 2014 period was 3.3 years (interquartile range: 1.2 to 5.7). Three mainland regions, including the Paris region, out of the 27 French regions accounted for 56% of the total number of new and undiagnosed infections. Incidence and undiagnosed prevalence rates were 2‐ to 10‐fold higher than the national rates in three overseas regions and in the Paris region (p‐values < 0.001). Rates of incidence and undiagnosed prevalence were higher than the national rates for the following populations (p‐values < 0.001): born‐abroad men who have sex with men (MSM) (respectively, 108‐ and 78‐fold), French‐born MSM (62‐ and 44‐fold), born‐abroad persons who inject drugs (14‐ and 18‐fold), sub‐Saharan African‐born heterosexuals (women 15‐ and 15‐fold, men 11‐ and 13‐fold). Importantly, affected populations varied from one region to another, and in regions apparently less impacted by HIV, some populations could be as impacted as those living in most impacted regions.ConclusionsIn France, some regions and populations have been most impacted by HIV. Subnational and sub‐population estimates of key indicators are not only essential to adapt, design implement and evaluate tailored HIV interventions in France, but also elsewhere where similar heterogeneity is likely to exist.
Identifying Critical Errors: Addressing Inhaler Technique in the Context of Asthma Management
Authors: Bosnic-Anticevich Sinthia Z. , Cvetkovski Biljana , Azzi Elizabeth A. , Srour Pamela , Tan Rachel , Kritikos Vicky 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMedication use has always played a highly significant role in the overall management of asthma, with appropriate use being linked to good asthma control. However, while patients with asthma enjoy the ‘luxury’ of having medications delivered directly to the lungs via inhaler devices, with that comes the additional challenge of ensuring that inhaler devices are used correctly. Research and practice provides evidence to the challenges associated with inhaler use and the particular steps that patients perform incorrectly. While this problem is well documented, acknowledged and reported, little has changed in 40 years, and the proportion of patients using inhaler devices remains unacceptably high. This review focuses on aspects specific to the errors that patient’s make, the significance of these errors, and the important considerations for health care practitioners in supporting patients in correctly using their inhalers. This review highlights the complexities associated with patient’s making inhaler technique errors and highlights the opportunities that lie in future technological developments of inhaler devices. Now more than ever, in the era of precision medicine, it is important that we address inhaler technique use once and for all.
Emergency department boarding: a descriptive analysis and measurement of impact on outcomes
Authors: Salehi Leila , Phalpher Prashant , Valani Rahim , Meaney Christopher , Amin Qamar , Ferrari Kiki , Mercuri Mathew 
Published: April 2018

CLINICIAN’S CAPSULEWhat is known about the topic?Bed boarding is one of the major contributors to emergency department overcrowding.What did this study ask?What are the characteristics of patients with prolonged boarding times, and what are the impacts on patient-oriented outcomes?What did this study find?Patients who were older, sicker, and had isolation and telemetry requirements experienced longer boarding times, and longer inpatient length of stay even after correcting for confounders.Why does this study matter to clinicians?Organization-wide interventions to improve efficiency and flow are required to mitigate the burden of bed boarding.
Timing Aminopyralid to Prevent Seed Production Controls Medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae) and Increases Forage Grasses
Authors: Rinella Matthew J. , Davy Josh S. , Kyser Guy B. , Mashiri Fadzayi E. , Bellows Susan E. , James Jeremy J. , Peterson Vanelle F. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractExotic annual grasses such as medusahead [Taeniatherum caput-medusae(L.) Nevski] and downy brome (Bromus tectorumL.) dominate millions of hectares of grasslands in the western United States. Applying picloram, aminopyralid, and other growth regulator herbicides at late growth stages reduces seed production of most exotic annual grasses. In this study, we applied aminopyralid toT. caput-medusaeto determine how reducing seed production in the current growing season influenced cover in the subsequent growing season. At eight annual grassland sites, we applied aminopyralid at 55, 123, and 245 g ae ha−1in spring just beforeT. caput-medusaeheading. The two higher rates were also applied pre-emergence (PRE) in fall to allow comparisons with this previously tested timing. When applied in spring during the roughly 10-d period between the flag leaf and inflorescence first becoming visible, just 55 g ae ha−1of aminopyralid greatly limited seed production and subsequently reducedT. caput-medusaecover to nearly zero. Fall aminopyralid applications were less effective againstT. caput-medusae, even at a rate of 245 g ae ha−1. The growing season of application, fall treatments, but not spring treatments, sometimes reduced cover of desirable winter annual forage grasses. The growing season after application, both spring and fall treatments tended to increase forage grasses, though spring treatments generally caused larger increases. Compared with other herbicide treatment options, preheading aminopyralid treatments are a relatively inexpensive, effective approach for controllingT. caput-medusaeand increasing forage production.
Native Forb Response to Aminocyclopyrachlor
Authors: Carter Travis R. , Lym Rodney G. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractNative forbs are an essential component in the functioning and diversity of prairie communities. Aminocyclopyrachlor (AMCP) will effectively control many noxious weeds that invade prairie communities; however, its efficacy on desirable broadleaf plants is relatively unknown. Few field studies have been reported, and locating adequate populations of native forbs for evaluation of tolerance to herbicides is difficult. The susceptibility of 10 prairie forb species to AMCP was evaluated in the greenhouse. Species were chosen to correlate with a field study of AMCP and a previous greenhouse experiment. AMCP was applied at 0, 35, 70, and 105 g ha−1 with a methylated seed oil (MSO) plus silicone-based non-ionic surfactant (NIS) blend at 0.25% v/v when plants reached the growth stage simulating a spring treatment for weed control. Blueflag iris (Iris versicolor L.) and harebell (Campanula rotundifolia L.) were relatively tolerant and would likely be unharmed following an application of AMCP in the field. Wild licorice (Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh), prairie wild rose (Rosa arkansana Porter), purple prairie clover (Dalea purpurea Vent.), and wild bergamot (Monarda fistulosa L.) were moderately susceptible to AMCP; however, plants might regrow in the field, since some survived at the highest AMCP application rate (105 g ha−1) evaluated. Skyblue aster [Symphyotrichum oolentangiense (Riddell) G. L. Nesom], Canada goldenrod (Solidago canadensis L.), blue cardinal-flower (Lobelia siphilitica L.), and blacksamson echinacea (Echinacea angustifolia DC.) were susceptible to AMCP even when applied at 35 g ha−1. The susceptibility of greenhouse-grown forbs to AMCP was the same or similar to species evaluated in the field and can be used to predict native forb tolerance in the field.
Biomass Allocation, Plantlet Survival, and Chemical Control of the Invasive Chandelier Plant (Kalanchoe delagoensis) (Crassulaceae)
Authors: Guerra-García Azalea , Barrales-Alcalá Diego , Argueta-Guzmán Magda , Cruz Abraham , Mandujano Maria C. , Arévalo-Ramírez Jose A. , Milligan Brook G. , Golubov Jordan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAlien invasive species have strategies that can maintain fitness in a variety of environments. This flexibility is associated with environmental tolerance in several traits, such as allocation of resources to shoots versus roots, clonal versus sexual reproduction, and survival of seedlings. These traits were explored in the chandelier plant (Kalanchoe delagoensis Eckl. & Zeyh.), which has invasive populations in several countries. Light and water tolerance and herbicide treatments were tested on plantlet survival. Plantlet survival in the most extreme cases (full sunlight and no watering) was close to 30%, whereas in less severe conditions (water and shaded), it was close to 100%. Stress conditions triggered the onset of plantlet production from the margin of leaves, which increased clonality. Biomass was allocated primarily to aboveground structures. Although all herbicides resulted in high plantlet mortality (>85%), only 2,4-D and glyphosate+2,4-D amine achieved the maximum recorded mortality a few days after the chemical application. The high tolerance of K. delagoensis plantlets to varying conditions shows that under stress, plantlet production is enhanced as survival of established individuals decreases. Biomass is primarily aboveground, which can potentially alter nitrogen and carbon in poor arid environments, and the proportion of the biomass assigned to belowground roots increased with an increase in sunlight received. Even though the chemical treatments 2,4-D and glyphosate+2,4-D amine have been shown to be the only effective treatments, the 2,4-D treatment may be the most viable (cost+quantity) to reduce the propagation of K. delagoensis. Plantlets have become the main reason for population persistence, partially due to the plant’s environmental tolerance and ability to reproduce asexually in short time periods. Susceptibility of plantlets to the two herbicides presents a means to adequately manage invasions of K. delagoensis in Mexico.
Indicators of Ventenata (Ventenata dubia) Invasion in Sagebrush Steppe Rangelands
Authors: Jones Lisa C. , Norton Nicholas , Prather Timothy S. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractVentenata [Ventenata dubia(Leers) Coss.], an invasive winter annual grass, significantly reduces forage production in grassland systems and displaces species within both perennial- and annual-dominated grasslands within the Inland Northwest. The range ofV. dubiais expanding into sagebrush steppe communities, an expansive habitat critical for forage production, wildlife, and recreation. Currently, there is limited knowledge ofV. dubia’s distribution and abundance within sagebrush steppe communities. We performed field surveys at 15 locations in sagebrush steppe rangelands in southern Idaho and eastern Oregon to assess whereV. dubiaoccurs, with the aim of providing insight about its niche in this new habitat. Specifically, we evaluated biotic and abiotic factors of the plant community as indicators ofV. dubiapresence. We also correlated species diversity measures with no, low (<12.5%), and high (>12.5%)V. dubiacover. Though widely distributed throughout the study region,V. dubiaonly appeared in 45% of the 225 plots, and foliar cover was typically less than 50%. It was primarily found in ephemerally wet microhabitats. Species richness and the Shannon diversity index were lowest in plots with highV. dubiacover. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis revealed thatV. dubiaand medusahead [Taeniatherum caput-medusae(L.) Nevski] were closely associated. Furthermore, chi-square indicator analysis showed thatT. caput-medusaewas more prevalent, while mountain big sagebrush [Artemisia tridentataNutt. spp.vaseyana(Rydb.) Beetle] was less prevalent, in plots containingV. dubia. Abiotic factors that explained variation inV. dubiaabundance included rock cover, soil depth, and a north/south aspect. HigherV. dubiacover also correlated with higher clay content and lower phosphorus and potassium concentrations in the soil. We suggest that at this point, detection survey efforts to locate incipient infestations ofV. dubiain sagebrush steppe communities should focus on moist areas and sites susceptible to invasion byT. caput-medusae.
Modular Interpretation of a Non-Reductive Chow Quotient
Authors: Gallardo Patricio , Giansiracusa Noah 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe space of n distinct points and adisjoint parametrized hyperplane in projective d-space up to projectivity – equivalently, configurations of n distinct points in affine d-space up to translation and homothety – has a beautiful compactification introduced by Chen, Gibney and Krashen. This variety, constructed inductively using the apparatus of Fulton–MacPherson configuration spaces, is a parameter space of certain pointed rational varieties whose dual intersection complex is a rooted tree. This generalizes $\overline M _{0,n}$ and shares many properties with it. In this paper, we prove that the normalization of the Chow quotient of (ℙd)n by the diagonal action of the subgroup of projectivities fixing a hyperplane, pointwise, is isomorphic to this Chen–Gibney–Krashen space Td, n. This is a non-reductive analogue of Kapranov's famous quotient construction of $\overline M _{0,n}$, and indeed as a special case we show that $\overline M _{0,n}$ is the Chow quotient of (ℙ1)n−1 by an action of 𝔾m ⋊ 𝔾a.
IMPACTS OF DELAYED FIELD CURING ON RICE SEED QUALITY IN A TROPICAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors: BAM R. K. , SERSHEN  , VARGHESE B. , DZOMEKU B. M. , APPIAH-KUBI Z. , PAMMENTER N. W. 
Published: April 2018

SUMMARYThree upland rice species, viz. Oryza sativa, Oryza glaberrima and an O. sativa × O. glaberrima interspecific hybrid, were grown in Ghana, harvested, and field cured under open (wet) and within ventilated but rainproof containers (dry) conditions for 5 weeks. Seeds from both environments were assessed weekly for physical, physiological and pathological quality. The relationships between air temperature and relative humidity, and seed moisture content (MC) and water activity differed between curing environments but within curing environments, relationships between seed MC and water activity were comparable among species. Prolonged field curing resulted in structural damage evidenced by the formation of multiple cracks in the endosperm; these were more frequent in wet cured seeds. Diverse fungal species were isolated from wet (22 species) and dry (23 species) cured seeds with a number of soil-borne species in the wet environment. Curing environment did not influence levels of fungal infection in O. glaberrima seeds but dry curing was associated with higher levels of fungal infection in O. sativa and O. sativa × O. glaberrima. Seed germinability in all the three species was higher in the dry cured seeds although vigour was relatively lower than wet cured seeds. Field curing the seeds of these three species within a dry environment could potentially improve subsequent seed viability, aid in moisture management and minimize structural damage to the endosperm; however, research on how fungal infection could be curbed under such conditions is needed.
The South African giraffeGiraffa camelopardalis giraffa: a conservation success story
Authors: Deacon Francois , Tutchings Andy 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAcross Africa the majority of giraffe species and subspecies are in decline, whereas the South African giraffeGiraffa camelopardalis giraffaremains numerous and widespread throughout southern Africa. By 2013 the number of giraffes in South Africa's Kruger National Park had increased by c. 150% compared to 1979 estimates. An even greater increase occurred on many of the estimated 12,000 privately owned game ranches, indicating that private ownership can help to conserve this subspecies. The estimated total population size in South Africa is 21,053–26,919. The challenge now is to implement monitoring and surveillance ofG. camelopardalis giraffaas a conservation priority and to introduce sustainable practices among private owners to increase numbers and genetic variation within in-country subspecies.
Being of one substance
Authors: HEIL JOHN 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAn attempt is made to provide a consistent, independently motivated metaphysics of the Trinity by invoking an ontology of substances, attributes, and modes in the spirit of Descartes and Spinoza. The Trinity comprises one substance, triply attributed, where distinctions among attributes are ‘of reasoned reason’ only, but ‘founded’ in the nature of the substance.