bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain Development and Heart Function after Systemic Single-Agent Chemotherapy in a Mouse Model of Childhood Leukemia Treatment
Authors: Spencer Noakes T. Leigh , Przybycien Thomas S. , Forwell Amanda , Nicholls Connor , Zhou Yu-Qing , Butcher Darci T. , Weksberg Rosanna , Guger Sharon L. , Spiegler Brenda J. , Schachar Russell J. , Hitzler Johann , Ito Shinya , van der Plas Ellen , Nieman Brian J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPurpose:Chemotherapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) can cause late-appearing side effects in survivors that affect multiple organs, including the heart and brain. However, the complex ALL treatment regimen makes it difficult to isolate the causes of these side effects and impossible to separate the contributions of individual chemotherapy agents by clinical observation. Using a mouse model, we therefore assessed each of eight representative, systemically-administered ALL chemotherapy agents for their impact on postnatal brain development and heart function.Experimental Design:Mice were treated systemically with a single chemotherapy agent at an infant equivalent age, then allowed to age to early adulthood (9 weeks). Cardiac structure and function were assessed using in vivo high-frequency ultrasound, and brain anatomy was assessed using high-resolution volumetric ex vivo MRI. In addition, longitudinal in vivo MRI was used to determine the time course of developmental change after vincristine treatment.Results:Vincristine, doxorubicin, and methotrexate were observed to produce the greatest deficiencies in brain development as determined by volumes measured on MRI, whereas doxorubicin, methotrexate, and l-asparaginase altered heart structure or function. Longitudinal studies of vincristine revealed widespread volume loss immediately following treatment and impaired growth over time in several brain regions.Conclusions:Multiple ALL chemotherapy agents can affect postnatal brain development or heart function. This study provides a ranking of agents based on potential toxicity, and thus highlights a subset likely to cause side effects in early adulthood for further study.
An Empirical Study on Peer-to-Peer Sharing of Resources in Mobile Cloud Environment
Authors: Nadesh R. K. , Aramudhan M. 
Published: July 2018

The increase usage of mobile users with internet and interoperability among the cloud services intensifies the role of distributed environemtnt in today’s real world application. Modern technologies are important for building rich, scalable and interoperable applications. To meet the requirements of client,the cloud service provider should offer adequate infrastructure especially under heavy multi-client load.To provide solution for large scale requirements and to statisfy the mobile client from the critical situation like lacking with bandwidth,connectivity issues,service completion ratio, we present adhoc virtual cloud model for different scenarios that include single and multiple client configurations with various file sizes of various file formats for retrieving files in the mobile cloud environement.We evaluate the strategies with the socket and RMI implemented using java and identify the best model for real world applications. Performance evaluation is done with the results obtained and recommends that when sockets and RMI can be appropriately used in peer-to-peer environment when the mobile user cannot connect directly to the cloud services.
<b>Transfer of <I>Storena gujaratensis</I> Tikader & Patel, 1975 to the genus <I>Suffasia</I> Jocqué, 1991 (Araneae: Zodariidae)</b>
Authors: Solanki Reshma , Siliwal Manju , Kumar Dolly 
Published: July 2018

The original description of Storena gujaratensis by Tikader & Patel in 1975 based on a male specimen was wrongly identified in the genus; here we transfer it to the genus Suffasia based on presence of dorsal cymbial flange, large tegulum, long embolus and short bifurcated RTA. We provide a more detailed taxonomic description of the male.
<b>Vegetative and reproductive phenology of <I>Aquilaria malaccensis</I> Lam. (Agarwood) in Cachar District, Assam, India</b>
Authors: Borogayary Birkhungur , Das Ashesh Kumar , Nath Arun Jyoti 
Published: July 2018

Aquilaria malaccensis Lam., a threatened tree commonly called agarwood, is emerging as one of the most promising commercially important aromatic species in the world. This paper presents the findings on the vegetative and reproductive phenology of Aquilaria malaccensis from the secondary tropical evergreen forest in Cachar district, Assam. The effect of tree phenology and the influence of seasonal drought and environmental variables, especially temperature and precipitation, on various phenophases such as leaf initiation, leaf-fall, flowering, and fruiting were investigated. For this, a quantitative assessment was made at 15-day intervals by tagging 35 trees over a period of two years. Seasonal influence on the phenology of different phenophases was correlated with environmental variables and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was employed. Leaf initiation was positively correlated with temperature (rs=0.694, p=<0.05), while leaf-fall was negatively correlated with temperature (rs=-0.542, p=<0.05) and rainfall (rs=-0.521, p=<0.05). Flowering (rs=0.713, p=<0.01; rs=0.713, p=<0.01) and fruiting (rs=0.721, p=<0.01; rs=0.775, p=<0.01) were positively and significantly influenced by temperature and rainfall. The study suggests that temperature and rainfall were major determinants of the vegetative and reproductive phenology of A. malaccensis, and any changes in these variables under expected climate change phenomenon may have a profound effect on phenophases of this threatened tree species.
<b>Rediscovery, extended distribution and conservation assessment of <I>Cinnamomum goaense</I> (Lauraceae) in the Western Ghats, India</b>
Authors: Geethakumary M. P. , Deepu S. , Pandurangan A. G. 
Published: July 2018

Cinnamomum goaense was proposed by Kostermans based on the collection from Karnataka, India. The species was collected after a lapse of 57 years outside the type locality and forms a new record for Kerala. A detailed description along with an illustrated distribution map and conservation status is provided.
<b>Camera-trapping survey to assess diversity, distribution and photographic capture rate of terrestrial mammals in the aftermath of the ethnopolitical conflict in Manas National Park, Assam, India</b>
Authors: Lahkar Dipankar , Ahmed M. Firoz , Begum Ramie H. , Das Sunit Kumar , Lahkar Bibhuti Prasad , Sarma Hiranya K. , Harihar Abishek 
Published: July 2018

Information on the presence and distribution of species is crucial for conservation planning and management within a region. Documentation of species assemblages in Manas National Park (MNP) in the aftermath of conflict is critical for informed conservation interventions. For nearly two decades (1990–2010), conservation efforts in MNP were compromised by ethno−political conflict. We conducted camera trapping surveys of terrestrial mammals across three administrative forest ranges (Panbari, Bansbari and Bhuyanpara) of MNP in 2017. A systematic survey with 118 trap locations accumulated data over 6,173 trap-days. We obtained 21,926 photographs of mammals belonging to 13 families and 25 species, of which 13 are threatened. We calculated photographic capture rate index (PCRI) using independent events. Trap specific PCRI’s were used to map the spatial variation in capture rates. We observed variation in capture rate between Bansbari-Bhuyanpara where conflict ended in 2003 and has remained peaceful, and Panbari, a forest range where conflict ended later in 2016. Our results further indicate lower capture rates of mammalian prey species and small felids, but higher capture rates of four large carnivores in Panbari as opposed to Bansbari-Bhuyanpara. These results highlighted the fact that despite a history of ethno-political conflict in the region, although almost all mammalian species expected to occur in the park were detected and confirmed, present evidence indicated ethno-political conflict influences the distribution of several key species. In depth studies assessing mammalian prey densities, distribution and density are required to further understand the effects of conflict.
Two new records of deep sea shrimp under the genus Parapontocaris (Crustacea: Decapoda: Crangonidae) from the southwestern coast of India
Authors: KUBERAN G. , CHAKRABORTY REKHA DEVI , PURUSHOTHAMAN P. , MAHESWARUDU G. 
Published: July 2018

This paper reports the occurrence of two species of the crangonid genus Parapontocaris Alcock, 1901 in waters off Kerala from the southwestern coast of India, viz. P. levigata (Chace 1984) and P. bengalensis (Wood-Mason & Alcock 1891). Although P. bengalensis was reported off Bay of Bengal in India, after 121 years this species was now recorded off Kerala, Arabian Sea. Specimens were obtained at a depth of 250–300 m from Kalamuku (9°59'02.91"N /76°14'33.14"E) and Sakthikulangara (8°56'60.78"N /76°32'34.27"E) fish landing centres. Interspecies genetic divergence (COI: 8.8–9.1% & 16S DNA: 2.1–6.2 %) was recorded in the present specimen P. bengalensis and NCBI sequences.
A qualitative evaluation of healthy weight services in a local authority in England
Authors: Kime Nicky Helen , McKenna Jim , Griffiths Claire , Rivett Martin , Gately Paul 
Published: July 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the healthy weight services in one local authority in England, where obesity levels have been above the national average since 2006. Design: We conducted process and outcome evaluation using a qualitative methodology. Data were generated in focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews with clients, practitioners, healthcare professionals and volunteers. Results: A total of 91 individuals from six services participated in the evaluation. Staff competencies and empowerment outcomes were identified as areas of strength. However, despite examples of excellent practice and enthusiastic recommendations from clients, access and referral processes were areas of weakness. Conclusion: In England, local authorities have an important role to play in tackling obesity. It is crucial that they are provided with the tools to be able to implement healthy weight interventions effectively. A whole-systems approach presents a real opportunity for staff in local authorities and public health to work collaboratively and innovatively towards the same goal of continuous improvement in obesity management.
The effect of mammography screening regimen on incidence-based breast cancer mortality
Authors: Yaffe Martin J , Mittmann Nicole , Alagoz Oguzhan , Trentham-Dietz Amy , Tosteson Anna NA , Stout Natasha K 
Published: July 2018

Objectives Incidence-based mortality quantifies the distribution of cancer deaths and life-years lost, according to age at detection. We investigated the temporal distribution of the disease burden, and the effect of starting and stopping ages and interval between screening mammography examinations, on incidence-based mortality. Methods Incidence-based mortality was estimated using an established breast cancer simulation model, adapted and validated to simulate breast cancer incidence, screening performance, and delivery of therapies in Canada. Ten strategies were examined, with varying starting age (40 or 50), stopping age (69 or 74), and interval (1, 2, 3 years), and “No Screening.” Life-years lost were computed as the difference between model predicted time of breast cancer death and that estimated from life tables. Results Without screening, 70% of the burden in terms of breast cancer deaths extends between ages 45 and 75. The mean of the distribution of ages of detection of breast cancers that will be fatal in an unscreened population is 61.8 years, while the mean age of detection weighted by the number of life-years lost is 55, a downward shift of 6.8 years. Similarly, the mean age of detection for the distribution of life-years gained through screening is lower than that for breast cancer deaths averted. Conclusion Incidence-based mortality predictions from modeling elucidate the age dependence of the breast cancer burden and can provide guidance for optimizing the timing of screening regimens to achieve maximal impact. Of the regimens studied, the greatest lifesaving effect was achieved with annual screening beginning at age 40.
Serum marker truncation limits in first trimester antenatal screening for trisomy 18
Authors: Bestwick Jonathan P , Huttly Wayne J , Wald Nicholas J 
Published: July 2018

Objective To assess whether the accuracy of risk estimation in antenatal screening for trisomy 18 using the Combined test can be improved by revising the truncation limits of two serum markers. Methods In an audit of data from 420 trisomy 18 and 573,754 unaffected singleton pregnancies screened at the Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, London (March 2003 to June 2017), the accuracy of risk estimation was assessed by inspection of a validation plot (the median predicted late first trimester Combined test risk plotted against observed prevalence within categories of predicted risk estimates). Using validation and probability plots, we assessed whether the revised pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) and free β-human chorionic gonadotrophin (free β-hCG) truncation limits led to more accurate risk estimation and improved screening performance. Results With the lower truncation limits currently used for PAPP-A and free β-hCG (0.15 and 0.30 multiples of the median [MoM], respectively), risk was underestimated. Revised lower truncation limits of 0.05 MoM for both PAPP-A and free β-hCG led to greater accuracy, with an increase in the number of trisomy 18 pregnancies detected (from 85.4% to 90.2%) for a small increase in the false-positive rate (from 0.20% to 0.29%) at a 1 in 100 late first trimester risk cut-off. Conclusion The revised truncation limits for PAPP-A and free β-hCG increase the accuracy of trisomy 18 risk estimation and improve screening performance using the Combined test. Validation and probability plots are useful in setting screening marker truncation limits.
Effectiveness of Gingivoperiosteoplasty on Alveolar Bone Reconstruction and Facial Growth in Patients With Cleft Lip and Palate: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: El-Ashmawi Noha A. , ElKordy Sherif A. , Salah Fayed Mona M. , El-Beialy Amr , Attia Khaled H. 
Published: July 2018

Objective: The aim of the systematic review is to evaluate the effects of gingivoperiosteoplasty (GPP) on alveolar bone quality and facial growth in patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP). Search Methods: Electronic and manual search was done up to October 2017. Eligibility Criteria: Clinical and observational studies that compared GPP to control; patients without GPP evaluated either before or after the age for secondary bone graft (SBG). Data Collection and Analysis: Studies selection was done by 2 authors independently. Risk ratio and mean difference with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effects models. Results: Thirteen articles were included in the review. All studies were at high risk of bias. Poorer alveolar bone quality was found in the GPP group compared to the SBG group. The pooled data showed a statistically significant increase in the incidence of Bergland type III in the GPP group compared to SBG (risk ratio: 11.51, 95% CI: 3.39-35.15). As for facial growth, GPP group resulted in a more retruded maxillary position (as indicated by “Sella-Nasion-Subspinale” angle [SNA value]) compared to control group by −1.36 (CI: −4.21 to 1.49) and −1.66 (CI: −2.48 to −0.84) when evaluated at 5 and 10 years, respectively. The protocol for presurgical infant orthopedics used in conjunction with the GPP procedure might have affected the results of the alveolar bone and facial growth outcomes. Conclusions: Definitive conclusions about the effectiveness of GPP cannot be drawn. Very weak evidence indicated that GPP might not be an efficient method for alveolar bone reconstruction for patients with unilateral and bilateral CLP. Gingivoperiosteoplasty surgery could lead to maxillary growth inhibition in patients with CLP.
Survival Study of Triple-Negative and Non–Triple-Negative Breast Cancer in a Brazilian Cohort
Authors: Gonçalves Homero , Guerra Maximiliano Ribeiro , Duarte Cintra Jane Rocha , Fayer Vívian Assis , Brum Igor Vilela , Bustamante Teixeira Maria Teresa 
Published: July 2018

Objective: To analyze the clinical, pathological, and sociodemographic aspects between triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and non-TNBC in a Brazilian cohort and identify potential prognostic factors. Methods: This hospital-based retrospective cohort study included 447 women with breast cancer treated at referral centers in Southeastern Brazil. Overall and disease-free survival were compared; prognostic factors were evaluated. Results: Triple-negative breast cancer corresponded to 19.5% of breast cancer diagnosis and was more prevalent among nonwhite and less educated women. The patients with TNBC tended to present with stage III cancer, high p53 expression, lymphocytic infiltration, and multifocality and treated with radical surgery and chemotherapy. The 5-year overall and disease-free survival were 62.1% and 57.5% for TNBC and 80.8% and 75.3% for non-TNBC, respectively ( P < .001). The TNBC recurrence was associated with multicentricity, whereas lymph node involvement increased the risk of both recurrence and death. Non-TNBC worse clinical course was associated with nonwhite ethnicity, lower education level, lymph node involvement, and advanced stage. Conclusions: Triple-negative breast cancer exhibited a more aggressive behavior, earlier and more frequent recurrence, and worse survival compared with non-TNBC. While biological and social variables were associated with poorer prognosis in non-TNBC, only lymph node involvement and multicentricity were correlated with worse clinical outcomes in TNBC.
The Relationship Between Polyethylene Insert Size and Complications in Total Ankle Replacement
Authors: Cottom James M. , Douthett Steven M. , McConnell Kelly K. , Plemmons Britton S. 
Published: July 2018

The purpose of this study was to compare complication rates after total ankle replacement in 2 groups of patients based on polyethylene insert size. The total cohort was divided into 2 groups based on insert size. Group 1 included patients with polyethylene insert size less than 10 mm in thickness. Group 2 included patients with polyethylene insert sizes 10 mm and larger. Available charts were reviewed for patients who underwent primary total ankle arthroplasty by one surgeon. Patient demographics, polyethylene insert size, implant used, concomitant procedures, postoperative complications, and patient-reported outcome scores were recorded. One hundred patients were available for follow-up and were included in this study, which ranged from March 2012 to July 2017. The average follow-up was 31.3 months (range = 10-60 months). Forty-eight females and 52 males were included in this study. There were a total of 63 patients in group 1 and 47 patients in group 2. The total complication rate for patients in group 1 was 11.1% (7/63), and in group 2 it was 16.2% (6/32). There was no statistical significance in complication rates when comparing the 2 groups (P = 0.5427). All patients underwent at least one concomitant procedure at the time of initial ankle replacement. Our findings show that total ankle replacement complication rates are equal when comparing large polyethylene inserts commonly utilized to correct deformities, versus small polyethylene inserts commonly utilized in primary resurfacing. Levels of Evidence: Level IV, Retrospective comparative study
Exposure to second-hand smoke among secondary school-going adolescents: Findings from the Malaysian Adolescent Health Risk Behaviour (MyAHRB) study
Authors: Lim Hui Li , Teh Chien Huey , Kee Chee Cheong , Mohd Ghazali Sumarni , Pan Sayan a/l , Lim Kuang Hock 
Published: July 2018

Background: Exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) is one of the main causes of morbidity and it has been proven to be associated with an increased likelihood of smoking initiation among adolescents. Nonetheless, evidence on SHS exposure among Malaysian adolescents is scarce. Therefore, this article aims to demonstrate the magnitude and factors associated with SHS exposure among school-going adolescents in selected secondary schools in Peninsular Malaysia. Methods: Data were derived from the Malaysian Adolescent Health Risk Behaviour (MyAHRB) study conducted in 2013. A total of 2599 adolescent were recruited into the study using a two-stage proportionate-to-size sampling method. Data were obtained from self-administered questionnaires. Descriptive analysis and multivariable logistic regression were performed to determine the risk factors/predictors associated with SHS. Results: More than half of the respondents had been exposed to SHS during the last one week (56.4%), and SHS exposure was significantly higher among respondents who smoked (94.0% vs. 49.9%, p <0.001). Multivariable analysis revealed that the likelihood of exposure to SHS was higher among those who smoked (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 12.90, 95% confidence interval (CI): 8.01–20.4), had at least one parent/guardian who smoked (aOR 5.49, 95% CI: 4.41–6.94) and adolescents of Malay descent (aOR 2.10, 95% CI: 1.68–2.63). Conclusion: Our findings suggested that the effectiveness of anti-smoking measures implemented in recent years to protect adolescents from the health risks of passive smoking were less evident. Therefore, educational and awareness programmes that emphasize the negative health impacts of SHS exposure on Malaysian adolescents, particularly when among smoking adults, should be intensified to help in preventing adoption of smoking behaviours among adolescents.
Intrawound Treatment for Prevention of Surgical Site Infections in Instrumented Spinal Surgery: A Systematic Comparative Effectiveness Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lemans Justin V. C. , Wijdicks Sebastiaan P. J. , Boot Willemijn , Govaert Geertje A. M. , Houwert R. Marijn , Öner F. Cumhur , Kruyt Moyo C. 
Published: July 2018

Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Objectives: To determine the efficacy of intrawound treatments in reducing deep surgical site infections (SSIs) in instrumented spinal surgery. Methods: The electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane were systematically searched for intrawound treatments for the prevention of SSIs in clean instrumented spine surgery. Both randomized controlled trials and comparative cohort studies were included. The results of included studies were pooled for meta-analysis. Results: After full text- and reference screening, 20 articles were included. There were 2 randomized controlled trials and 18 observational studies. Sixteen studies investigated the use of intrawound antibiotics, and 4 studies investigated the use of intrawound antiseptics. The relative risk of deep SSI for any treatment was 0.26 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.16-0.44, P < .0001), a significant reduction compared with controls receiving no treatment. For patients treated with local antibiotics the relative risk was 0.29 (95% CI 0.17-0.51, P < .0001), and patients treated with local antiseptics had a relative risk of 0.14 (95% CI 0.05-0.44, P = .0006). Conclusions: Both the use of antibiotic and antiseptic intrawound prophylactics was associated with a significant 3 to 7 times reduction of deep SSIs in instrumented spine surgery. No adverse events were reported in the included studies.