bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stock price crash risk and unexpected earnings thresholds
Authors: Yeung Wing Him , Lento Camillo 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine stock price crash risk (SPCR) as a function of meeting or missing three earnings thresholds – reporting a profit (earnings level), reporting an earnings increase (earnings change) and meeting analysts’ forecasts (earnings expectation).

Design/methodology/approach
The authors rely upon the research design of Herrmann et al. (2011) to identify the incremental impact of the earnings level and earnings change benchmarks on SPCR, after controlling for the effects of meeting or missing analysts’ expectations.

Findings
The authors find that meeting analysts’ expectations is negatively associated with SPCR, and this relationship strengthens with the magnitude of the unexpected earnings. However, the authors find little evidence of incremental threshold effects to suggest that earnings level and earnings change benchmarks are critical thresholds with respect to SPCR. Our results are robust after including a number of control variables.

Originality/value
This study contributes to the literature that investigates determinants of SPCR while simultaneously providing new evidence to conclusions that analysts’ earnings forecast is at the top of the earnings benchmark hierarchy.
Consumer engagement with eWOM on social media: the role of social capital
Authors: Gvili Yaniv , Levy Shalom 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
The nature of digital media channels are important factors in explaining consumers’ behavior over the Web, and specifically on social network sites (SNS). The purpose of this paper is to propose a conceptual framework explaining consumer engagement with electronic word of mouth (eWOM) communication via SNS, based on key attributes of this media channel.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on the expectancy value theory (EVT), a conceptual framework is proposed to model the effect of eWOM channel attributes on eWOM engagement process. Consumer eWOM engagement is conceptualized as a second-order construct. A structural equation modeling procedure was employed to empirically test the model using data collected from two social media communication channels.

Findings
First, results suggest that engagement with eWOM can be conceptualized as a second-order construct based on user tendency to receive or share eWOM with other network members. Second, the path analysis model supports the employment of EVT and shows that two key attributes of eWOM channels, social capital and credibility, significantly affect consumer attitude toward eWOM via SNS. Attitude toward eWOM, in turn, affects eWOM engagement. Third, SNS channel type moderates the effect on attitude.

Practical implications
Marketing communication practitioners should note that the strength of social ties plays a key role in spreading eWOM on SNS effectively. This insight should be employed a part of social media marketing strategy.

Originality/value
This is first research that models the effect of social media attributes on eWOM engagement and demonstrates the moderating role of channel type. The model is highly valuable in light of the importance of the concept of engagement in internet research.
Density feedbacks mediate effects of environmental change on population dynamics of a semidesert rodent
Authors: Nater Chloé R. , van Benthem Koen J. , Canale Cindy I. , Schradin Carsten , Ozgul Arpat 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Population dynamics are the result of an interplay between extrinsic and intrinsic environmental drivers. Predicting the effects of environmental change on wildlife populations therefore requires a thorough understanding of the mechanisms through which different environmental drivers interact to generate changes in population size and structure.

In this study, we disentangled the roles of temperature, food availability and population density in shaping short‐ and long‐term population dynamics of the African striped mouse, a small rodent inhabiting a semidesert with high intra‐ and interannual variation in environmental conditions.

We parameterized a female‐only stage‐structured matrix population model with vital rates depending on temperature, food availability and population density, using monthly mark–recapture data from 1609 mice trapped over 9 years (2005–2014). We then applied perturbation analyses to determine relative strengths and demographic pathways of these drivers in affecting population dynamics. Furthermore, we used stochastic population projections to gain insights into how three different climate change scenarios might affect size, structure and persistence of this population.

We identified food availability, acting through reproduction, as the main driver of changes in both short‐ and long‐term population dynamics. This mechanism was mediated by strong density feedbacks, which stabilized the population after high peaks and allowed it to recover from detrimental crashes. Density dependence thus buffered the population against environmental change, and even adverse climate change scenarios were predicted to have little effect on population persistence (extinction risk over 100 years <5%) despite leading to overall lower abundances.

Explicitly linking environment–demography relationships to population dynamics allowed us to accurately capture past population dynamics. It further enabled establishing the roles and relative importances of extrinsic and intrinsic environmental drivers, and we conclude that doing this is essential when investigating impacts of climate change on wildlife populations.
Pseudomonas syringaepv. tomato exploits light signals to optimize virulence and colonization of leaves
Authors: Santamaría‐Hernando Saray , Rodríguez‐Herva José J. , Martínez‐García Pedro M. , Río‐Álvarez Isabel , González‐Melendi Pablo , Zamorano Jaime , Tapia Carlos , Rodríguez‐Palenzuela Pablo , López‐Solanilla Emilia 
Published: July 2018

SummaryLight is pervasive in the leaf environment, creating opportunities for both plants and pathogens to cue into light as a signal to regulate plant‐microbe interactions. Light enhances plant defences and regulates opening of stomata, an entry point for foliar bacterial pathogens such asPseudomonas syringaepv. tomato DC3000 (PsPto). The effect of light perception on gene expression and virulence was investigated inPsPto. Light induced genetic reprogramming inPsPtothat entailed significant changes in stress tolerance and virulence. Blue light‐mediated up‐regulation of type three secretion system genes and red light‐mediated down‐regulation of coronatine biosynthesis genes. Cells exposed to white light, blue light or darkness before inoculation were more virulent when inoculated at dawn than dusk probably due to an enhanced entry through open stomata. Exposure to red light repressed coronatine biosynthesis genes which could lead to a reduced stomatal re‐opening andPsPtoentry. Photoreceptor were required for the greater virulence of light‐treated and dark‐treatedPsPtoinoculated at dawn as compared to dusk, indicating that these proteins sense the absence of light and contribute to priming of virulence in the dark. These results support a model in whichPsPtoexploits light changes to maximize survival, entry and virulence on plants.
Long‐Term Vitamin Stabilization in Low Moisture Products for NASA: Techniques and Three‐Year Vitamin Retention, Sensory, and Texture Results
Authors: Barrett Ann H. , Richardson Michelle J. , Froio Danielle F. , Connor Lauren F. O' , Anderson Danielle J. , Ndou Tshinanne V. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMultiyear spaceflight will require innovative strategies to preserve vitamins in foods, in order to retain astronaut health and functionality long‐term. Furthermore, space foods must be low weight/volume to comply with cargo restrictions, and must retain sensory quality to ensure consumption. Low water activity products were developed, fortified with vitamins A, B1, B9, C, and E at twice their spaceflight requirements, stored for three years at 21 °C and one year at 38 °C, and analyzed annually for retained vitamin content and organoleptic quality. The vitamins were encapsulated in carbohydrate or lipid coatings and tested in relatively low and high fat versions of compressed bars and powdered drink mix formulations. Susceptibility to degradation at 21 °C followed the sequence B9 > A > B1 > C > E; degradation rates were fitted to first‐order kinetics. Vitamins A and C were more sensitive at the higher storage temperature. Vitamin retention was slightly higher in compressed bars verses powders. Effects of matrix lipid level on stability were vitamin dependent. Sensory characteristics for products stored three years at 21 °C remained mostly above 6.0 on a 9‐point hedonic scale, whereas those stored for one year at 38 °C remained mostly above 5.0. Compressed bars firmed significantly during storage. All vitamin levels after three years at 21 °C remained above the space flight requirements, demonstrating the suitability of the selected fortification schemes and food matrices for long‐term preservation.Practical ApplicationVitamins A, B1, B9, C, and E were retained at 70% to 95% levels for three years at 21 °C in carefully formulated, fortified low water activity products. Product compression and vacuum packaging slightly helped to further preserve vitamins. The sensory quality of these products was retained throughout storage.
Muscle‐Specific Mitochondrial Functionality and Its Influence on Fresh Beef Color Stability
Authors: Mancini Richard A. , Belskie Kaylin , Suman Surendranath P. , Ramanathan Ranjith 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFresh beef color stability is a muscle‐specific trait. Mitochondria remain biochemically active in postmortem beef muscles and influence meat color. Although several intrinsic factors governing muscle‐specific beef color have been studied extensively, the role of mitochondrial functionality in muscle‐dependent color stability is yet to be examined. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR), mitochondrial metmyoglobin reducing activity (MMRA), and instrumental color attributes in beef Longissimus lumborum (LL) and Psoas major (PM) during retail display. Using a split‐plot design, six (n = 6) beef LL and PM muscles were fabricated into 2.54‐cm‐thick steaks, packaged in polyvinylchloride overwrap, and randomly assigned to instrumental color measurement for six days and mitochondrial isolation for days 0, 1, 3, or 5 of display at 4 °C. Mitochondria isolated from steaks were used to assess the effects of muscle and display time on OCR and MMRA. The PM steaks were less color‐stable (p < 0.05) during display compared with the LL counterparts. For both muscles, OCR decreased during display, albeit the decrease was more rapid in PM than in the LL. Similarly, MMRA decreased during display for the LL and PM. However, this decrease was less (p < 0.05) for mitochondria from LL steaks, which were more resistant to display‐mediated effects on OCR and MMRA. These results indicated that the muscle‐specific differences in mitochondrial activity may contribute partially to the variations in color stability of beef LL and PM muscles.Practical ApplicationDuring retail display tenderloin steaks packaged in PVC overwrap discolor quicker than strip loin steaks. This research determines the basis for muscle‐specific differences in color stability. The results indicate that mitochondria present in tenderloin lose its functionality faster than strip loin mitochondria. Developing strategies to minimize muscle‐specific differences in mitochondrial changes can increase color stability and value of fresh beef.
Altered brain cortical maturation is found in adolescents with a family history of alcoholism
Authors: Holla Bharath , Bharath Rose Dawn , Venkatasubramanian Ganesan , Benegal Vivek 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSubstance‐naïve offspring from high‐density alcohol use disorder (AUD) families exhibit altered subcortical brain volumes structurally and altered executive‐functioning and emotion‐processing functionally, compared with their peers. However, there is a dearth of literature exploring alterations of cortical thickness (CTh) in this population. T1‐weighted structural brain MRI was acquired in 75 substance‐naïve male offspring of treatment‐seeking early onset (<25 years) AUD patients with high familial loading of AUDs (≥2 affected relatives) (FHP) and 65 age‐matched substance‐naïve male controls with negative family history from the community. Surface‐based CTh reconstruction was done using FreeSurfer. Univariate general linear models were implemented at each vertex using SurfStat, controlling for age (linear and quadratic effects), and head size, to examine the main effect of familial AUD risk on CTh and its relationship with externalizing symptom score (ESS). A Johnson–Neyman procedure revealed that the main effect of familial AUD risk on CTh was seen during adolescence, where the FHP group had thicker cortices involving bilateral precentral gyri, left caudal middle frontal gyrus (MFG), bilateral temporo‐parietal junction, left inferior‐frontal gyrus and right inferior‐temporal gyrus. Thicker cortices in left MFG and inferior‐parietal lobule were also associated with greater ESS within both groups. More importantly, these group differences diminished with age by young adulthood. Familial AUD risk is associated with age‐related differences in maturation of several higher order association cortices that are critical to ongoing development in executive function, emotion regulation and social cognition during adolescence. Early supportive intervention for a delay in alcohol initiation during this critical phase may be crucial for this at‐risk population.
Survey of nuclear progesterone receptor expression in the uterus of the cyclic and pregnant camel (Camelus dromedarius)
Authors: Osman Abdel‐Hamid K. , Abbott Louise C. , Ahmed Amal A. M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractProgesterone receptors (PR) are necessary to mediate the biological effects of progesterone and are integral to the regulation of a number of different aspects of reproduction in mammals including ovulation of the oocyte, implantation of the conceptus and maintenance of pregnancy. This study investigated the expression and localization of progesterone receptors in the uterine wall of both pregnant and cyclic (nonpregnant) camels. Uterine tissue samples were collected from healthy animals and processed for routine histological and immunohistochemical staining techniques to reveal nuclear PR. Demonstration of PR was performed by indirect immunohistochemical techniques using monoclonal antibodies raised against human PR. Immunolocalization of PR was more intense in all four endometrial zones (I–IV) as well as the myometrium of non pregnant (cyclic) animals (animals with newly formed corpus luteum). In contrast, PR immunostaining in both the endometrium and the myometrium was greatly reduced in pregnancy, particularly in the latest stage examined (approximately 366 days of gestation). In conclusion, a better understanding of the expression of steroid hormones and their receptors, including progesterone and the PR is critical to improving the reproductive health and pregnancy in the domesticated dromedary camel.
From self‐interest to solidarity: One path towards delivering refugee health
Authors: West‐Oram Peter G. N. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe recent and ongoing refugee crisis in Europe highlights conflicting attitudes about the rights of migrants and refugees to health care in transition and destination countries. Some European and Scandinavian states, such as Germany and Sweden, have welcomed large numbers of migrants, while others, such as the U.K., have been significantly less open. In part, this is because of reluctance by certain national governments to incur what are seen as the high costs of delivering aid and care to migrants. In response to these assumptions, some theorists have argued that the appropriate way to view the health needs of migrants is not in terms of rights, but in terms of the interests of destination and transition countries—and have argued that providing care to migrants and refugees will generate benefits for their host countries. However, self‐interest alone is less effective at motivating the provision of care for health deprivations that do not pose a threat to third parties, or to migrants and refugees in poor or distant countries. In this paper, I argue that while self‐interest is unlikely in itself to motivate the provision of all necessary health care to all migrants and refugees, and may risk stigmatizing already vulnerable persons, it can provide the foundation upon which such motivations can be built. My goal is therefore to show how and why a more just approach to the provision of health care to migrants can and should be derived from narrower, self‐interested commitments to preserving citizen health.
Bearing witness: United States and Canadian maternity support workers’ observations of disrespectful care in childbirth
Authors: Morton Christine H. , Henley Megan M. , Seacrist Marla , Roth Louise Marie 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundDisrespectful care and abuse during childbirth are acknowledged global indicators of poor quality care. This study aimed to compare birth doulas’ and labor and delivery nurses’ reports of witnessing disrespectful care in the United States and Canada.MethodsMaternity Support Survey data (2781 respondents) were used to investigate doulas’ and nurses’ reports of witnessing six types of disrespectful care. Multivariate analysis was conducted to examine the effects of demographics, practice characteristics, region, and hospital policies on witnessing disrespectful care.ResultsNearly two‐thirds of respondents reported witnessing providers occasionally or often engaging in procedures without giving a woman time or option to consider them. One‐fifth reported witnessing providers occasionally or often engaging in procedures explicitly against the patient's wishes, and nurses were more likely to report witnessing this than doulas. Doulas and nurses who expected to leave their job within three years were significantly more likely to report that they witness most types of disrespectful care occasionally or often (OR 1.78‐2.43).ConclusionsDoulas and nurses frequently said that they witnessed verbal abuse in the form of threats to the baby's life unless the woman agreed to a procedure, and failure to provide informed consent. Reports of witnessing some types of disrespectful care in childbirth were relatively uncommon among respondents, but witnessing disrespectful care was associated with an increased likelihood to leave maternity support work within three years, raising implications for the sustainability of doula practice, nursing work force shortages, and quality of maternity care overall.
A new early Holocene shoreline displacement record for Blekinge, southern Sweden, and implications for underwater archaeology
Authors: Hansson Anton , Hammarlund Dan , Landeschi Giacomo , Sjöström Arne , Nilsson Björn 
Published: July 2018

We present evidence of a submerged early Holocene landscape off the Blekinge coastline in the Baltic Sea, dating to the Yoldia Sea and Initial Littorina Sea Stages when the water level was lower than at present. 14C dated wood remains obtained by surveillance diving and new archaeological findings in combination with bathymetric analyses and interpolations between other sites across the Baltic Sea were used for refinement of the shoreline displacement history of the region. The new results reveal a Yoldia Sea lowstand level at 20 m b.s.l., a subsequent Ancylus Lake highstand at 3 m a.s.l., and then a period of relatively stable water level at about 4 m b.s.l. during the Initial Littorina Sea Stage, several metres lower than previously concluded. The refined shoreline displacement record was used for palaeo‐reconstructions of the study area during four key periods, the Yoldia Sea lowstand phase, the Ancylus Lake transgression phase, the Ancylus Lake highstand phase and the Initial Littorina Sea lowstand phase, using elevation data and map algebra functions. A flow accumulation algorithm was used for reconstruction of the now submerged prehistoric river network in order to identify areas of high archaeological potential. Our revised shoreline displacement record, and especially its lowstand period during the Initial Littorina Sea Stage around 9500–8500 cal. a BP, raises future demands not only for specific archaeological shallow‐water surveys down to 4 m b.s.l. in the area, but also for a renewed cultural heritage management strategy. The results of this study fill an important gap in the early Holocene part of the shoreline displacement history of Blekinge, contributing to its completion since the deglaciation, which is unique for the Baltic Sea.
Influence of maternal characteristics and caregiving behaviours on children's caries experience: An intergenerational approach
Authors: Goettems Marília L. , Nascimento Gustavo G. , Peres Marco A. , Santos Ina S. , Matijasevich Alicia , Barros Aluisio J. D. , Peres Karen G. , Demarco Flávio F. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectivesThis study adopted an intergenerational approach, aiming to answer the following research questions: (a) Are maternal oral health‐related behaviours and oral health associated with dental caries in preschool children?; (b) Do maternal caregiving behaviours mediate the association between maternal oral health‐related behaviours and dental caries in preschool children.MethodsChildren aged 5 years, enrolled in the 2004 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort, were investigated (n = 1303). Children were dentally examined using WHO criteria to assess the number of decayed, missing and filled surfaces (dmfs), and their mothers were interviewed. Standardized direct, indirect and total effects of maternal characteristics (frequency of toothbrushing, dental anxiety, the pattern of dental attendance, self‐perception about oral health and self‐reported dental caries) on maternal caregiving behaviours and children's dmfs were assessed using path analysis.ResultsMean dmfs was 4.1 (95% CI 3.6;4.5). Maternal oral health‐related behaviours had no direct effect on children's dental caries: child dental attendance pattern partially mediates the effect of maternal dental attendance pattern on dental caries (87.8%; P < 0.05) and partially mediates the effect of maternal dental anxiety (39.9%; P < 0.001). Child frequency of toothbrushing mediates 28.0% (P < 0.001) of the effect of maternal frequency of toothbrushing on dental caries.ConclusionsSocioeconomic factors directly influenced children's caries experience, whereas maternal oral health‐related behaviours had no direct effect. It was observed an indirect effect of maternal dental anxiety and dental attendance pattern on children's dental caries mediated by caregiving behaviours, such as child dental attendance pattern and frequency of toothbrushing.