bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can waist circumference provide a new “third” dimension to BMI when predicting percentage body fat in children? Insights using allometric modelling
Authors: Nevill Alan M. , Bryant Elizabeth , Wilkinson Kate , Gomes Thayse Natacha , Chaves Raquel , Pereira Sara , Katzmarzyk Peter T. , Maia José , Duncan Michael J. 
Published: December 2018

SummaryIntroductionBody mass index (BMI) is often criticized for not being able to distinguish between lean and fat tissue. Waist circumference (WC), adjusted for stature, is proposed as an alternative weight status index, as it is more sensitive to changes in central adiposity.PurposeThe purpose of the study is to combine the three dimensions of height, mass, and WC to provide a simple, meaningful, and more accurate index associated with percentage body fat (BF%).MethodsWe employed a four independent sample design. Sample 1 consisted of 551 children (320 boys) (mean ± SD of age = 7.2 ± 2.0 years), recruited from London, UK. Samples 2, 3, and 4 consisted of 5387 children (2649 boys) aged 7 to 17 years recruited from schools in Portugal. Allometric modelling was used to identify the most effective anthropometric index associated with BF%. The data from samples 2, 3, and 4 were used to confirm and cross‐validate the model derived in sample 1.ResultsThe allometric models from all four samples identified a positive mass exponent and a negative height exponent that was approximately twice that of the mass exponent and a waist circumference exponent that was approximately half the mass exponent. Consequently, the body shape index most strongly associated with BF% was
. The
component of the new index can simply be interpreted as a WC “weighting” of the traditional BMI.ConclusionsCompared with using BMI and WC in isolation,
could provide a more effective and equally noninvasive proxy for BF% in children that can be used in public and community health settings.
Obestatin and adropin in Prader‐Willi syndrome and nonsyndromic obesity: Associations with weight, BMI‐z, and HOMA‐IR
Authors: Orsso C. E. , Butler A. A. , Muehlbauer M. J. , Cui H. N. , Rubin D. A. , Pakseresht M. , Butler M. G. , Prado C. M. , Freemark M. , Haqq A. M. 
Published: December 2018

SummaryThe roles of obestatin and adropin in paediatric obesity are poorly understood. We compared obestatin and adropin concentrations in younger (n = 21) and older children (n = 14) with Prader‐Willi syndrome (PWS) and age and BMI‐z‐matched controls (n = 31). Fasting plasma obestatin and adropin were higher in younger children with PWS than controls; adropin was also higher in older children with PWS. Growth hormone treatment had no effects on obestatin or adropin in PWS. The ratio of ghrelin to obestatin declined from early to late childhood but was higher in older PWS than older controls. Adropin correlated with fasting glucose in the PWS group only. Changes in the ratio of ghrelin to obestatin may suggest changes in the processing of preproghrelin to ghrelin and obestatin during development and differential processing of preproghrelin in PWS.
A randomized control trial of the impact of LCPUFA‐ω3 supplementation on body weight and insulin resistance in pubertal children with obesity
Authors: López‐Alarcón M. , Inda‐Icaza P. , Márquez‐Maldonado M. C. , Armenta‐Álvarez A. , Barbosa‐Cortés L. , Maldonado‐Hernández J. , Piña‐Aguero M. , Barradas‐Vázquez A. , Núñez‐García B. A. , Rodríguez‐Cruz M. , Fernández J. R. 
Published: December 2018

SummaryBackgroundPaediatric obesity and insulin resistance (IR) are potentially reversible inflammatory conditions. Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids omega‐3 (LCPUFA‐ω3) show anti‐inflammatory and metabolic properties, but their clinical efficacy is unclear.ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to evaluate whether supplementation with LCPUFA‐ω3 for 3 months reduces insulin resistance and weight to adolescents with obesity.MethodsDouble‐blind trial of 366 adolescents with obesity randomly assigned to 1.2‐g LCPUFA‐ω3 (DO3) or 1‐g sunflower oil (DP) daily for 3 months; both groups received an energy‐restricted diet. Children attended monthly for anthropometric, dietary, and clinical measurements. Basal and final blood samples were obtained to measure metabolic markers and erythrocytes fatty acids. Regression models were used for analysis.ResultsA total of 119 DO3 and 126 DP children completed follow‐up. At baseline, 92% of children presented IR, 66% hypertriglyceridemia, 37% low‐grade inflammation, and 32% metabolic syndrome. Despite erythrocytes LCPUFA‐ω3 increased more in DO3 (Median differences = 0.984 w/w%; 95 IC = 0.47, 1.53, P < 0.001), body weight, insulin, and HOMA changed similarly in both groups at the end of intervention. Adjusting for basal values, changes in weight, insulin, and HOMA was not related with supplementation.ConclusionsSupplementation with LCPUFA‐ω3 does not affect body weight or insulin in adolescents with obesity.
Potential of advanced breeding lines of bread‐making wheat to accumulate grain minerals (Ca, Fe, Mg and Zn) and low phytates under Mediterranean conditions
Authors: Gomez‐Coronado Francisco , Almeida Ana S. , Santamaria Oscar , Cakmak Ismail , Poblaciones Maria J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAbout 3 billion people may suffer from micronutrient deficiency such as Ca, Fe, Mg or Zn, caused not only by a mineral deficiency in staple food but also by a high content of phytates which bind those minerals and inhibit their absorption. With the aim of evaluating the potential of new cultivars of bread‐making wheat to accumulate those minerals and low phytates, nine advanced breeding lines from an ongoing Portuguese breeding program were studied during 2 years in a field experiment. A wide genetic variability was found between the studied genotypes in all the parameters studied, especially grain yield (ranging on average between 2,027 and 3,209 kg/ha) and grain Mg and Zn concentrations (ranging on average between 1,070 and 1,336 mg/kg, and 23.4 and 30.7 mg/kg, respectively). In global terms, the cultivars with best performance, and therefore, the most potentially suitable to be used in a breeding program, were the Cultivars 3 and 4. However, such a potential varied depending on the analysed trait, and it was clearly influenced by the climatic conditions. The consumption of 100 g of Cultivar‐4 produced under the most favourable conditions might provide a 5.2% of Ca, 26.4% of Fe, 38.9% of Mg and 31.9% of Zn of the recommended daily intakes, with a very good bioavailability for Fe and Ca, but low for Mg and Zn.
Long non‐coding RNA LUCAT1 promotes tumourigenesis by inhibiting ANXA2 phosphorylation in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Lou Yun , Yu Yue , Xu Xiaolia , Zhou Shu , Shen Haiyuan , Fan Tianlong , Wu Di , Yin Jie , Li Guoqiang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractLong non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play essential roles in diverse biological processes; however, current understanding of the mechanism underlying the regulation of tumour proliferation and metastasis is limited. Lung cancer‐associated transcript 1 (LUCAT1) has been reported in a variety of human cancers, while its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the biological role and underlying mechanism of LUCAT1 on progression and metastasis in HCC cells and clinical specimens. Our results demonstrated that LUCAT1 was up‐regulated in HCC tissues and cells. Loss‐ and gain‐of‐function studies revealed that LUCAT1 promotes the proliferation and metastasis of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, RNA pulldown and Western blot assays indicated that LUCAT1 inhibited the phosphorylation of Annexin A2 (ANXA2) to reduce the degradation of ANXA2‐S100A10 heterotetramer (AIIt), which in turn accelerated the secretion of plasminogen into plasmin, thereby resulting in the activation of metalloprotease proteins. In conclusion, we propose that LUCAT1 serves as a novel diagnostic and therapeutic target for HCC.
Genome size variation and species diversity in salamanders
Authors: Sclavi Bianca , Herrick John 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSalamanders (Urodela) have among the largest vertebrate genomes, ranging in size from 10 to 120 pg. Although changes in genome size often occur randomly and in the absence of selection pressure, nonrandom patterns of genome size variation are evident among specific vertebrate lineages. Several reports suggest a relationship between species richness and genome size, but the exact nature of that relationship remains unclear both within and across different taxonomic groups. Here, we report (a) a negative relationship between haploid genome size (C‐value) and species richness at the family taxonomic level in salamander clades; (b) a correlation of C‐value and species richness with clade crown age but not with diversification rates; (c) strong associations between C‐value and both geographic area and climatic‐niche rate. Finally, we report a relationship between C‐value diversity and species diversity at both the family‐ and genus‐level clades in urodeles.
Effect of post‐cooking storage on texture and in vitro starch digestion of Japonica rice
Authors: Tamura Masatsugu , Singh Jaspreet , Kaur Lovedeep , Ogawa Yukiharu 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe effects of post‐cooking storage conditions on texture, microstructure and kinetics of glucose release during simulated in vitro digestion of japonica rice (Oryza sativa L.) were investigated. Cooked rice was stored at low, medium and extreme temperatures (4, 30 and 90 °C) for two different durations (1 and 24 h). The surface firmness of cooked rice grains stored at 30 and 90 °C was significantly decreased with an increase in the storage duration, while an opposite trend was observed for samples stored at 4 °C. Rice grains appeared shrunken and distorted during in vitro digestion, regardless of the post‐cooking storage conditions. The cooked rice stored at 4 and 90 °C, for 24 h showed significantly lower starch hydrolysis (%) than those stored for 1 h at similar temperatures. Pearson's product‐moment correlation coefficient indicated a significant negative correlation (p < 0.05) between the overall grain firmness and equilibrium hydrolysis (%) of stored cooked rice.Practical applicationsPost‐cooking storage was found to be related not only to rice texture but also to rice starch digestibility. The reported results indicated that estimated glycemic index (eGI) value of cooked rice varied according to the post‐cooking storage conditions, which may help food processors in the development of low GI rice products. As overall rice grain firmness was found to be related to eGI, it can be employed as a parameter to evaluate the eGI of cooked rice.
Compound polysaccharides ameliorate experimental colitis by modulating gut microbiota composition and function
Authors: Cai Ying , Liu Wen , Lin Yixuan , Zhang Shaobao , Zou Baorong , Xiao Dan , Lin Lei , Zhong Yuping , Zheng Haihui , Liao Qiongfeng , Xie Zhiyong 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackground and AimInflammatory bowel disease results from a dysregulated immune response to intestinal microbial flora in individuals with genetic predisposition(s). This study aimed to determine the effects of compound polysaccharides (CP) containing yam polysaccharide and inulin on the rat model of colitis induced by 2,4,6‐trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) and to explain the mechanism in terms of gut microbiota composition and function.MethodsMale SD rats were divided into three groups: the control group, the model group, and the CP group. Disease activity index, serum myeloperoxidase level, and the composition and function of gut microbiota were analyzed.ResultsThe data in the study showed CP reduced inflammation in the rat model of colitis induced by TNBS and ameliorated the experimental colitis. The results also indicated that CP not only reversed TNBS‐induced gut dysbiosis‐indexed by increased short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs)‐producing bacteria, lactic acid‐producing bacteria, and decreased Bacteroides, Proteobacteria as well as sulfate‐reducing bacteria, but also restored the dysregulated microbiota function of colitic rats into a normal condition, including an improvement on basic metabolism and a reduction on oxidative stress, cell motility, signal transduction, xenobiotics biodegradation, and metabolism as well as pathogenesis processes.ConclusionsCompound polysaccharides ameliorated the experimental colitis of rats induced by TNBS by modulating the gut microbiota composition and function profiles, which makes it possible to be used as prebiotic agents to treat gut dysbiosis in colitis individuals.
Multicomponent Frailty Assessment Tools for Older People with Psychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sutton Jennifer L. , Gould Rebecca L. , Coulson Mark C. , Ward Emma V. , Butler Aine M. , Smith Megan , Lavelle Grace , Rosa Amy , Langridge Margaret , Howard Robert J. 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveTo review evidence evaluating the use of multicomponent frailty assessment tools in assessing frailty in older adults with psychiatric disorders.MethodsA systematic literature review was conducted to identify all multicomponent frailty assessment tools (ie, a tool that assesses two or more indicators of frailty). The items of each frailty assessment tool were compared with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM‐5) diagnostic criteria for psychiatric disorders to assess construct overlap. Studies conducted in community, inpatient, and outpatient clinical settings were considered for inclusion.ParticipantsAdults aged 60 years or older.ResultsA total of 5639 records were identified following the removal of duplicates, from which 95 studies were included for review. Of the 48 multicomponent frailty assessment tools identified, no tool had been developed for, or validated in, older adult populations with a psychiatric disorder. Overall, 20 of 48 frailty assessment tools contained a psychological assessment domain, with 17 of 48 tools citing the presence of depressed mood and/or anxiety as a frailty indicator. Common areas of construct overlap in frailty assessment tools and DSM‐5 diagnostic criteria included weight loss (29 of 48) and fatigue (21 of 48).ConclusionsSignificant construct overlap exists between the indicators of frailty as conceptualized in existing frailty assessment tools and DSM‐5 diagnostic criteria for common psychiatric disorders including major depressive episode and generalized anxiety disorder that has the potential to confound frailty assessment results. Further research is necessary to establish a reliable and valid tool to assess frailty in this population. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:1085–1095, 2019.
A paired metamorphic belt in a subduction‐to‐collision orogen: An example from the South Qilian–North Qaidam orogenic belt,NWChina
Authors: Li Xiucai , Niu Manlan , Yakymchuk Chris , Wu Qi , Fu Changlei 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe early Palaeozoic South Qilian–North Qaidam orogenic belt in northwestern China records a nearly complete history of early‐stage long‐lived oceanic subduction–accretion followed by late‐stage continental collision. Most previous studies have focused on lowdT/dPmetamorphism (HP–UHP) in this belt whereas the paired highdT/dPbelt in the hinterland has received little attention. In this contribution, phase equilibrium modelling is combined with zircon petrochronology to determine theP–T–tevolution of granulites in the North Wulan gneiss complex in the highdT/dPhinterland of the South Qilian–North Qaidam orogen. Granulites record a clockwiseP–Tpath with near‐peak temperatures of ~800–900°C at 5.5–7 kbar. Peak metamorphism was followed by high‐Tdecompression. Zircon petrochronology reveals protracted zircon growth fromc. 474 to 446 Ma during the high‐Tportion of theP–Tpath. HighdT/dPmetamorphism in the North Wulan gneiss complex was likely the result of heat transfer from the underlying hot asthenosphere and minor coeval magmatism in an arc–back‐arc system during slab retreat and roll‐back of the South Qilian oceanic plate. Broadly contemporaneous but slightly youngerHP–UHPmetamorphism in the foreland of the South Qilian–North Qaidam orogenic belt indicates that the region records an early Palaeozoic paired metamorphic belt. This early Palaeozoic paired metamorphic belt provides a detailed example of dual thermal regimes in a modern‐style orogenic system that can be applied to understanding the time‐scales andP–Tconditions of highdT/dPmetamorphism that accompany subduction in Phanerozoic and Precambrian orogenic belts.
Acute inflammation down‐regulates alpha‐synuclein expression in enteric neurons
Authors: Prigent Alice , Gonzales Jacques , Durand Tony , Le Berre‐Scoul Catherine , Rolli‐Derkinderen Malvyne , Neunlist Michel , Derkinderen Pascal 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe protein alpha‐synuclein whose expression is strongly implicated in Parkinson's disease (PD) is not only expressed in the CNS but also in the enteric nervous system (ENS). The growing body of evidence suggesting that gastrointestinal inflammation is involved in the development of PD led us to investigate the effects of inflammation on alpha‐synuclein expression in primary culture of rat ENS and in mice with dextran sulfate sodium‐induced colitis. Using western blot and qPCR, we found that both lipopolysaccharide and a combination of tumor necrosis factor‐α and interleukin 1‐β decreased the expression levels of alpha‐synuclein in primary culture of rat ENS, an effect that was prevented in the presence of the p38 inhibitors SB203580 and BIRB 796. Lipopolysaccharide and tumor necrosis factor‐α/interleukin 1‐β had no effect on alpha‐synuclein expression in primary culture of rat CNS and in human erythroid leukemia cells. In mice, acute but not chronic dextran sulfate sodium‐induced colitis was associated with a decreased expression of colonic alpha‐synuclein. As a whole, our findings indicate that acute inflammatory insults down‐regulate alpha‐synuclein expression in the ENS via a p38 pathway. They provide new insights into the widely discussed concepts of alpha‐synuclein expression and aggregation in the ENS in PD and raise issues about the possible role of gastrointestinal inflammation in the development of PD.Open science badgesThis article has received a badge for *Open Materials* because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript. The complete Open Science Disclosure form for this article can be found at the end of the article. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.
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AMPA receptors modulate the reorganization of F‐actin in Bergmann glia cells through the activation of RhoA
Authors: Rosas‐Hernández Rebeca , Bastián Yadira , Juárez Tello Andrea , Ramírez‐Saíto Ángeles , Escobar García Diana María , Pozos‐Guillén Amaury , Mendez J. Alfredo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAlpha‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methylisoxazole‐4‐propionic acid glutamate receptors have been shown to modulate the morphology of the lamelar processes of Bergmann glia cells in the molecular layer of the cerebellum. Here we suggest that reorganization of F‐actin may underlay the changes in the morphology of the lamelar processes. Using the fluorescent staining of F‐actin with Phalloidin and the quantification of RhoA activation through immunoprecipitation or pull‐down assays, we show that RhoA is activated after stimulation of alpha‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methylisoxazole‐4‐propionic acid receptors and leads to the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton of Bergmann fibers. This reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton is reflected in the form of an increase in the intensity of the F‐actin staining as well as in the loss of the number of Bergmann fibers stained with Phalloidin. Moreover, using a pharmacological approach, we show that activation of RhoA and the change in the intensity of the F‐actin staining depends on the activation of PI3‐K, focal adhesion kinase, and protein kinase C, whereas changes in the number of Bergmann fibers depend on external calcium in a RhoA independent manner. Our findings show that glutamate may induce a form of structural plasticity in Bergmann glia cells through the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. This may have implications in the way the synaptic transmission is processed in the cerebellum.
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Nursing’s professional dignity in palliative care: Exploration of an Italian context
Authors: Stievano Alessandro , Sabatino Laura , Affonso Dyanne , Olsen Douglas , Skinner Isabelle , Rocco Gennaro 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAims and objectivesTo determine the relevance of nursing's professional dignity in palliative care.BackgroundDignity is a valued concept in the ethical discourse of health disciplines. Nursing's professional dignity, a concept related to professional identity, is not clearly defined nor have its characteristics been delineated for its clinical relevance in palliative care.DesignA qualitative methodological approach.MethodsFocus groups elicited dialogues of nursing's professional dignity among 69 nurses working in hospices and home‐care in Italy. Data were content‐analysed via an inductive process. The COREQ checklist for qualitative studies was used for reporting this research.ResultsA central theme related to (a) “Intrinsic dignity of persons” was embedded in the essence of palliative care. Several corollary themes underscored this central theme: (b) Professional (intra‐ and inter) relationships and teamwork; (c) Nursing professionalism; (d) Ethical dilemmas; and (e) Relationships with patients and their significant persons.ConclusionsNurses valued the essence of respect as persons and the essence of respect for their work as coherent with intrinsic dignity and work dignity in palliative care. Nurses perceived their psycho‐social relationships with patients and their families as rewarding incentives amidst disputatious interactions with peers and/or other healthcare professionals. They experienced ethical dilemmas, which they perceived as inherent in palliative care.Relevance to clinical practiceStudy findings corroborate the literature regarding the concept of nursing's professional dignity which is intrinsic in respect of the human person. The intrinsic dignity in palliative care manifests as nurses are working in juxtaposition of a demanding yet rewarding care ambience.