bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neonatal brain-directed gene therapy rescues a mouse model of neurodegenerative CLN6 Batten disease
Authors: kleine Holthaus Sophia-Martha , Herranz-Martin Saul , Massaro Giulia , Aristorena Mikel , Hoke Justin , Hughes Michael P , Maswood Ryea , Semenyuk Olha , Basche Mark , Shah Amna Z , Klaska Izabela P , Smith Alexander J , Mole Sara E , Rahim Ahad A , Ali Robin R 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs), more commonly referred to as Batten disease, are a group of inherited lysosomal storage disorders that present with neurodegeneration, loss of vision and premature death. There are at least 13 genetically distinct forms of NCL. Enzyme replacement therapies and pre-clinical studies on gene supplementation have shown promising results for NCLs caused by lysosomal enzyme deficiencies. The development of gene therapies targeting the brain for NCLs caused by defects in transmembrane proteins has been more challenging and only limited therapeutic effects in animal models have been achieved so far. Here, we describe the development of an adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene therapy to treat the neurodegeneration in a mouse model of CLN6 disease, a form of NCL with a deficiency in the membrane-bound protein CLN6. We show that neonatal bilateral intracerebroventricular injections with AAV9 carrying CLN6 increase lifespan by more than 90%, maintain motor skills and motor coordination and reduce neuropathological hallmarks of Cln6-deficient mice up to 23 months post vector administration. These data demonstrate that brain-directed gene therapy is a valid strategy to treat the neurodegeneration of CLN6 disease and may be applied to other forms of NCL caused by transmembrane protein deficiencies in the future.
Evolution equations on time-dependent intervals
Authors: Fokas Athanasios S , Pelloni Beatrice , Xia Baoqiang 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We study initial boundary value problems for linear evolution partial differential equations posed on a time-dependent interval $l_1(t)<x<l_2(t)$, $0<t<T$, where $l_1(t)$ and $l_2(t)$ are given, real, differentiable functions, and $T$ is an arbitrary constant. For such problems, we show how to characterize the unknown boundary values in terms of the given initial and boundary conditions. As illustrative examples we consider the heat equation and the linear Schrödinger equation. In the first case, the unknown Neumann boundary values are expressed in terms of the Dirichlet boundary values and of the initial value through the unique solution of a system of two linear integral equations with explicit kernels. In the second case, a similar result can be proved but only for a more restrictive class of boundary curves.
Evaluation of Brassica carinata meal as a protein supplement for growing beef heifers1,2
Authors: Schulmeister Tessa M , Ruiz-Moreno Martin , Silva Gleise M , Garcia-Ascolani M , Ciriaco Francine M , Henry Darren D , Lamb Graham Cliff , Dubeux Jose C B , Dilorenzo Nicolas 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Brassica carinata is a new oilseed crop in Florida with the potential of producing high-quality jet biofuel. A high-protein meal (~40% crude protein; CP) is obtained as a byproduct of oil extraction; however, limited research is available on the utilization of this meal as a protein supplement for beef cattle. A generalized randomized block design was used to evaluate the effects of supplementation with B. carinata meal pellets on performance and attainment of puberty in growing beef heifers consuming bermudagrass hay (Cynodon dactylon) ad libitum. Sixty-four Angus crossbred heifers (240 ± 39 kg initial body weight; BW) were stratified and blocked (2 blocks: light and heavy) by initial BW and randomly allocated into 18 pens over 2 consecutive years (10 in year 1 and 8 in year 2). Within block, pens were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: 0 (CTL) or 0.3% of BW/d (as fed) of B. carinata meal pellets (BCM). Blood samples and BW were collected weekly for 70 d, before daily supplementation. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS with repeated measures. Model included the fixed effects of treatment, day, treatment × day interactions, block, and block × treatment interactions, with the random effect of year. Plasma was analyzed for concentrations of progesterone, triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), ceruloplasmin (Cp), and haptoglobin (Hp). An effect of treatment was observed (P ˂ 0.01) for ADG between CTL (0.14 kg) and BCM (0.42 kg). There was no treatment or block (P > 0.05) effect for concentrations of T3, T4, or Hp; however, there was an effect of day (P < 0.01) for T3, T4, and Cp. An effect of treatment (P ˂ 0.01) was observed for Cp, with CTL having greater concentrations compared with BCM. Time to attainment of puberty did not differ (P = 0.93) between treatments. Feeding B. carinata meal as a protein supplement at 0.3% of BW/d is a viable option for increasing ADG of growing beef heifers, without affecting attainment of puberty, thyroid hormone status, or eliciting an acute phase response.
Overutilization of Helicopter Transport in the Minimally Burned—A Healthcare System Problem That Should Be Corrected
Authors: Roman Jordan , Shank William , Demirjian Joseph , Tang Andrew , Vercruysse Gary A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Eighty-eight percent of all patients burned in North America suffer burns of less than 20% TBSA. These patients may need care at a burn center, but barring any inhalation injury or polytrauma, these patients do not require helicopter transport (HEMS). We sought to identify a cohort of patients suffering smaller burns who do not benefit from HEMS to establish significant health care system savings. A 5-year retrospective analysis of data collected from our trauma registry was performed. Patients were separated into two groups: HEMS and ground transport (EMS). A subanalysis was performed between those with smaller burns (&lt;20% TBSA and no ICU/OR requirement). ED disposition, hospital length of stay, distance transported, and cost was analyzed. Of 616 burn patients presenting to our center, 13% were transported by HEMS, 46% by ambulance, and 61% by private vehicle. Of those transported via HEMS, 38% had been evaluated and treated at an outside hospital before transfer. Patients transported via HEMS had larger burns (13 vs 9 %TBSA; P = .002) and deeper burns (P &lt; .001), longer hospital stays (P = .003), higher ICU admission rates (P &lt; .001), and mortality rates (P = .003) compared with those transported by EMS. Transport distance was a mean 5.5 times greater (88 vs 16 mi) in the HEMS group (P &lt; .001). Within this cohort, 53% of patients transported via HEMS suffered smaller burns, compared with 73% transported by EMS. A subanalysis of the smaller burns cohort showed increased distances of transport via HEMS (91 vs 18 mi; P &lt; .001) and increased rates of admission from the ED in the EMS group (93% vs 68% by HEMS; P = .005), yet no difference in length of stay, or rates of early discharge, defined as &lt;24-hour hospital stay. Fully 1/4 of those transported via HEMS with smaller burns were discharged from the ED after burn consultation, debridement, and dressing. Mortality in both was nil. Average cost per helicopter transport was US$29K. Accurate triage and burn center consultation before scene transport or hospital transfer could help identify patients not benefiting from HEMS yet safely transferrable by ground, or better served by early clinic follow-up, which would reduce cost without compromising care in this cohort. Annual patient savings approximating US$444K could be multiplied were non-HEMS transport universally adopted for smaller burns.
Surgical Escharotomy and Decompressive Therapies in Burns
Authors: Butts C Caleb , Holmes James H , Carter Jeffrey E 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Early recognition of the need for escharotomy and other decompressive therapies is imperative for experienced burn providers, as to avoid reversible tissue ischemia and necrosis. With full-thickness burns, the eschar that develops is largely noncompliant. The predictable edema that develops during resuscitation of larger burns increases the likelihood ischemia-inducing pressure, as the underlying tissues swell within noncompliant skin, resulting in burn-induced compartment syndrome. Conventionally, this has been treated with decompressive therapies, such as escharotomy. The most recent surveys have identified that the United States and Canada both face a shortage of practicing burn surgeons. In the event of a burn disaster, many nonburn surgeons would need to provide burn care, including decompressive therapies. We reviewed the literature to provide accurate, accessible, and applicable recommendations regarding this practice following burn injury for both the practicing burn surgeon and those that would provide care in the burn disaster.
Biology and Management of the Pecan Nut Casebearer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Authors: Knutson Allen E , Ree Bill 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The pecan nut casebearer, Acrobasis nuxvorella Neunzig, is a key pest of pecan nut production throughout the pecan producing regions of the central and southwestern United States and northern Mexico. Economic loss is primarily due to first-generation larvae that feed internally in developing nutlets soon after pollination in the spring. Damage by second-generation and third-generation larvae can also result in economic loss. We summarize pecan nut casebearer distribution, life history, crop injury, and current management practices including orchard scouting, monitoring adult activity with pheromone traps, and chemical, biological and regulatory controls. Insecticides are the sole means of controlling pecan nut casebearer but must be properly timed to kill young larvae before they tunnel into pecan nuts. Effective management requires orchard scouting to assess egg abundance and nut entry by larvae to determine the need for and optimum timing of insecticide treatment. An on-line, degree-day model, PNCforecast, uses pheromone trap data to predict oviposition activity and optimum dates for sampling orchards to assess pecan nut casebearer egg infestations. This IPM program is enhanced by the availability of diacylhydrazine insecticides that are toxic to Lepidoptera larva but preserve beneficial insects that suppress secondary pests of pecans.
Slow Progressive Accumulation of Oligodendroglial Alpha-Synuclein (α-Syn) Pathology in Synthetic α-Syn Fibril-Induced Mouse Models of Synucleinopathy
Authors: Uemura Norihito , Uemura Maiko T , Lo Angela , Bassil Fares , Zhang Bin , Luk Kelvin C , Lee Virginia M -Y , Takahashi Ryosuke , Trojanowski John Q 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Synucleinopathies are composed of Parkinson disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and multiple system atrophy (MSA). Alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) forms aggregates mainly in neurons in PD and DLB, while oligodendroglial α-Syn aggregates are characteristic of MSA. Recent studies have demonstrated that injections of synthetic α-Syn preformed fibrils (PFFs) into the brains of wild-type (WT) animals induce intraneuronal α-Syn aggregates and the subsequent interneuronal transmission of α-Syn aggregates. However, injections of α-Syn PFFs or even brain lysates of patients with MSA have not been reported to induce oligodendroglial α-Syn aggregates, raising questions about the pathogenesis of oligodendroglial α-Syn aggregates in MSA. Here, we report that WT mice injected with mouse α-Syn (m-α-Syn) PFFs develop neuronal α-Syn pathology after short postinjection (PI) intervals on the scale of weeks, while oligodendroglial α-Syn pathology emerges after longer PI intervals of several months. Abundant oligodendroglial α-Syn pathology in white matter at later time points is reminiscent of MSA. Furthermore, comparison between young and aged mice injected with m-α-Syn PFFs revealed that PI intervals rather than aging correlate with oligodendroglial α-Syn aggregation. These results provide novel insights into the pathological mechanisms of oligodendroglial α-Syn aggregation in MSA.
SNHG9/miR-199a-5p/Wnt2 Axis Regulates Cell Growth and Aerobic Glycolysis in Glioblastoma
Authors: Zhang Han , Qin Danxia , Jiang Zhixian , Zhang Jinning 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Aerobic glycolysis is a characteristic in cancers that is important for cancer cell proliferation. Emerging evidence shows that long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) participates in glucose metabolism and cell proliferation in cancer. This study explored the effect of LncRNA: SNHG9 in glioblastoma. The mRNA expression of SNHG9 in human glioma tissues and glioblastoma cell lines was measured by qRT-PCR. Glioblastoma cell lines (U87 and U251) were transfected with miR-199a-5p or SNHG9-expressing plasmid and cell viability as well as concentrations of glucose and lactate were measured. The extracellular acidification was evaluated by glycolysis stress test. The Wnt2 levels were determined by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Results showed that the mRNA expression of SNHG9 was elevated in glioblastoma tissues. The elevated SNHG9 expression was related to lower survival rate in patients with glioma. SNHG9 could downregulate miR-199a-5p and upregulate Wnt2 in glioblastoma cells. Overexpression of SNHG9 in glioblastoma cells promoted aerobic glycolysis and cell proliferation, which could be attenuated by miR-199a-5p. Results of this study indicated an effect of SNHG9/miR-199a-5p/Wnt2 axis in regulating cell growth and aerobic glycolysis in glioblastoma.
Constraints on ultra-low-frequency gravitational waves with statistics of pulsar spin-down rates
Authors: Kumamoto Hiroki , Imasato Yuya , Yonemaru Naoyuki , Kuroyanagi Sachiko , Takahashi Keitaro 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We probe ultra-low-frequency gravitational waves (GWs) with statistics of spin-down rates of millisecond pulsars (thereafter MSPs) by a method proposed in our previous work. The considered frequency range is 10−12 Hz ≲ fGW ≲ 10−10  Hz . The effect of such low-frequency GWs appears as a bias to spin-down rates that has a quadrupole pattern in the sky. We use the skewness of the spin-down rate distribution and the number of MSPs with negative spin-down rates to search for the bias induced by GWs. Applying this method to 149 MSPs selected from the ATNF pulsar catalogue, we derive upper bounds on the time derivative of the GW amplitudes of $\dot{h} \lt 6.2 \times 10^{-18}~{\rm s}^{-1}$ and $\dot{h} \lt 8.1 \times 10^{-18}~{\rm s}^{-1}$ in the directions of the Galactic Centre and M87, respectively. Approximating the GW amplitude as $\dot{h} \sim 2 \pi f_{\rm GW} h$, the bounds translate into h < 3 × 10−8 and h < 4 × 10−8, respectively, for fGW = 1/(1000 yr). Finally, we give the implications to possible supermassive black hole binaries at these sites.
Linear spectropolarimetry of 35 Type Ia supernovae with VLT/FORS: an analysis of the Si ii line polarization
Authors: Cikota Aleksandar , Patat Ferdinando , Wang Lifan , Wheeler J Craig , Bulla Mattia , Baade Dietrich , Höflich Peter , Cikota Stefan , Clocchiatti Alejandro , Maund Justyn R , Stevance Heloise F , Yang Yi 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Spectropolarimetry enables us to measure the geometry and chemical structure of the ejecta in supernova explosions, which is fundamental for the understanding of their explosion mechanism(s) and progenitor systems. We collected archival data of 35 Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), observed with Focal Reducer and Low-Dispersion Spectrograph (FORS) on the Very Large Telescope at 127 epochs in total. We examined the polarization of the Si ii λ6355 Å line ($p_{\rm Si\, \small {II}}$) as a function of time, which is seen to peak at a range of various polarization degrees and epochs relative to maximum brightness. We reproduced the $\Delta m_{15}\!-\!p_{\rm Si\, \small {II}}$ relationship identified in a previous study, and show that subluminous and transitional objects display polarization values below the $\Delta m_{15}\!-\!p_{\rm Si\, \small {II}}$ relationship for normal SNe Ia. We found a statistically significant linear relationship between the polarization of the Si ii λ6355 Å line before maximum brightness and the Si ii line velocity and suggest that this, along with the $\Delta m_{15}\!-\!p_{\rm Si\, \small {II}}$ relationship, may be explained in the context of a delayed-detonation model. In contrast, we compared our observations to numerical predictions in the $\Delta m_{15}\!-\!v_{\rm Si\, \small {II}}$ plane and found a dichotomy in the polarization properties between Chandrasekhar and sub-Chandrasekhar mass explosions, which supports the possibility of two distinct explosion mechanisms. A subsample of SNe displays evolution of loops in the q–u plane that suggests a more complex Si structure with depth. This insight, which could not be gleaned from total flux spectra, presents a new constraint on explosion models. Finally, we compared our statistical sample of the Si ii polarization to quantitative predictions of the polarization levels for the double-detonation, delayed-detonation, and violent-merger models.
Multimessenger Bayesian parameter inference of a binary neutron star merger
Authors: Coughlin Michael W , Dietrich Tim , Margalit Ben , Metzger Brian D 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
The combined detection of a binary neutron star merger in both gravitational waves (GWs) and electromagnetic (EM) radiation spanning the entire spectrum – GW170817/AT2017gfo/GRB170817A – marks a breakthrough in the field of multimessenger astronomy. Between the plethora of modelling and observations, the rich synergy that exists among the available data sets creates a unique opportunity to constrain the binary parameters, the equation of state of supranuclear density matter, and the physical processes at work during the kilonova and gamma-ray burst. We report, for the first time, Bayesian parameter estimation combining information from GW170817, AT2017gfo, and GRB170817 to obtain truly multimessenger constraints on the tidal deformability $\tilde{\Lambda } \in [302,860]$, total binary mass M ∈ [2.722, 2.751] M⊙, the radius of a 1.4 solar mass neutron star $R \in [11.3,13.5] \,\,\rm km$ (with additional $0.2\ \rm km$ systematic uncertainty), and an upper bound on the mass ratio of q ≤ 1.27, all at 90 per cent confidence. Our joint novel analysis uses new phenomenological descriptions of the dynamical ejecta, debris disc mass, and remnant black hole properties, all derived from a large suite of numerical relativity simulations.
The Association Between Participation in Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Program and Smoking in India
Authors: Devaraj Srikant , Patel Pankaj C 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
This paper examines whether participating in Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Program (NREGA) is associated with the likelihood of smoking among program participants in India.

Methods
We use two-stage residual inclusion (2SRI) estimation method and two waves of India Human Development Surveys completed before (2005) and after (2012) NREGA implementation.

Results
The likelihood of smoking increased with NREGA participation. For every 10% increase in NREGA income, the likelihood of smoking bidis (but not cigarettes) increased by 0.88 percentage point. A bidi, a stick of unprocessed tobacco wrapped in temburini leaves, is a significantly cheaper alternative to cigarettes. Nonparticipants who had a comparable increase in income between the two India Human Development Survey waves did not show an increase in likelihood of smoking. The heterogeneity in NREGA treatment effect shows that smoking tendency is not influenced by caste/religion or literacy.

Conclusions
NREGA, as the largest workfare program, most certainly has had a significantly positive influence on the rural poor in India. The findings highlight its small but meaningful influence of a negative health behavior, greater likelihood of uptake of smoking bidis/hookah among program participants.

Implications
Existing studies have found mixed evidence of an exogenous increase in income among low-income adults and its impact on smoking. No studies to date have tested the influence of workfare programs in rural areas of developing countries, where unemployment rates are higher and a substantial share of population in those areas is poor. Based on participation in employment guarantee programs as a proxy for exogenous increase in guaranteed income among rural population in India, we find that participants in the program were more likely to smoke bidis/hookah but not cigarettes.
Napoléon Bonaparte and the Atlantic World
Authors: Girard Philippe R. 
Published: August 2019

Napoléon Bonaparte (b. 1769–d. 1821), also known as Napoléon I after his 1804 coronation, served as general, first consul, and emperor of France during the era of the French Revolution. Though he is best known for his military exploits on the battlefields of Europe and his political reforms in revolutionary France, he took a keen interest in France’s colonial holdings, particularly in the Caribbean and North America. To that effect, he outfitted several large colonial expeditions, most notably during the period of the Peace of Amiens (1802–1803), when the French navy briefly regained access to French colonies overseas. His goals were generally in line with those of the Old Regime: to enforce direct French control over colonial agents, to impose mercantilist trade restrictions over French merchants and planters, to promote plantation agriculture, and to threaten strategic rivals such as Great Britain. Restoring slavery, which France had abolished in 1794, was also a goal in colonies like Guadeloupe, French Guiana (Guyane), and possibly Saint-Domingue (Haiti). Despite a notable investment in time, men, and treasure, Napoléon’s policies were generally a failure: Great Britain remained dominant on the seas, Napoléon sold the territory of Louisiana to the United States in 1803, and Saint-Domingue declared its independence in 1804. In the long run, his involvement in the restoration of slavery in parts of the French colonial empire in 1802–1803 also tarnished his reputation in France and the Caribbean, particularly as scholarly interest in the field of Atlantic history grew in the 1990s and modern historians revisited Napoléon’s policies in the context of the bicentennial of the French and Haitian Revolutions. By 2005, Napoléon’s reputation was so tainted that French president Jacques Chirac decided not to celebrate the bicentennial of his greatest triumph at Austerlitz. Instead, two of Napoléon’s main Atlantic victims, Toussaint Louverture of Saint-Domingue and Louis Delgrès of Guadeloupe, were honored with a plaque in the Paris Panthéon for their role in the struggle for emancipation, in an indirect indictment of Napoléon’s Atlantic policies.
Pediatric mediastinal ALK- negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma (Hodgkin-like pattern) in a 13-year-old girl: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Ismail Sawsan , Haydar Mariana , Ghanem Abdulmoniem , Alkadi Sulman , Al-Shehabi Zuheir 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAnaplastic large-cell Lymphoma (ALCL) is a rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that is characterized by an entity of large neoplastic cells labeled by the Ki-1 antibody. It constitutes ~2% of all lymphoid neoplasms and is divided into two main categories: anaplastic large-cell kinase (ALK)+ALCL and ALK–ALCL that is recognized by the absence of ALK expression and mostly affects men at older ages. Thus, in this report we present a rare case of ALK-negative ALCL (ALK–ALCL) that was described and diagnosed in a 13-year-old girl in the mediastinum. Highlighting the rarity of manifestation at younger ages and the importance of using immunohistochemical staining in the differential diagnosis of this lymphoid neoplasm.