bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel phosphorylation‐dependent regulation in an unstructured protein
Authors: Cannon John F. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis work explores how phosphorylation of an unstructured protein region in inhibitor‐2 (I2) regulates protein phosphatase‐1 (PP1) enzyme activity using molecular dynamics (MD). Free I2 is largely unstructured; however, when bound to PP1, three segments adopt a stable structure. In particular, an I2 helix (i‐helix) blocks the PP1 active site and inhibits phosphatase activity. I2 phosphorylation in the PP1‐I2 complex activates phosphatase activity without I2 dissociation. The I2 Thr74 regulatory phosphorylation site is in an unstructured domain in PP1‐I2. PP1‐I2 MD demonstrated that I2 phosphorylation promotes early steps of PP1‐I2 activation in explicit solvent models. Moreover, phosphorylation‐dependent activation occurred in PP1‐I2 complexes derived from I2 orthologs with diverse sequences from human, yeast, worm, and protozoa. This system allowed exploration of features of the 73‐residue unstructured human I2 domain critical for phosphorylation‐dependent activation. These studies revealed that components of I2 unstructured domain are strategically positioned for phosphorylation responsiveness including a transient α‐helix. There was no evidence that electrostatic interactions of I2 phosphothreonine74 influenced PP1‐I2 activation. Instead, phosphorylation altered the conformation of residues around Thr74. Phosphorylation uncurled the distance between I2 residues Glu71 to Tyr76 to promote PP1‐I2 activation, whereas reduced distances reduced activation. This I2 residue Glu71 to Tyr76 distance distribution, independently from Thr74 phosphorylation, controls I2 i‐helix displacement from the PP1 active site leading to PP1‐I2 activation.
1,4‐Dioxane: Emerging technologies for an emerging contaminant
Authors: Broughton Anita , Sepulveda Andrea , Foster Keith , Kruk Taras , Nickelsen Michael G. , Gillan Maleya , Mohr Thomas K.G. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe synthetic chemical, 1,4‐dioxane, is classified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as a probable human carcinogen. Between 2013 and 2015, the EPA detected 1,4‐dioxane in public drinking water supplies in 45 states at concentrations up to 33 µg/L and in groundwater from releases at hazardous waste sites across the United States. Although a Federal maximum contaminant level drinking water standard has not yet been proposed, state‐specific standards and criteria are as low as 0.3 µg/L. 1,4‐Dioxane is a recalcitrant chemical in that applications of conventional treatment technologies have had limited success in reducing concentrations in water to meet current and proposed health‐protective levels. Although mainly used as a stabilizer for the solvent 1,1,1‐trichloroethane, it has been used in other industrial processes and has been detected in a variety of consumer products, such as foods, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and detergents. The high aqueous solubility of 1,4‐dioxane coupled with limited solubility of chlorinated solvents typically found in conjunction with 1,4‐dioxane contamination is the primary reason for its treatment challenges. In the last several years, an alternative, cost‐effective technology has been developed that has demonstrated treatment to levels significantly lower than the Federal and state‐specific goals. This article provides a Federal and state‐by‐state summary of 1,4‐dioxane‐specific drinking water and groundwater concentration criteria and qualitative comparison of the effectiveness of conventional treatment technologies compared to the effectiveness of an alternative treatment technology. A case study is also provided to present details regarding the application of an alternative treatment technology at an active groundwater remediation site in California.
Designing and implementing an urban river remediation
Authors: Boom Tom , Ellis Mike , Richard Don 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn 2017, Consumers Energy completed a sediment response action in the Flint River to address manufactured gas plant‐related impacts in sediments and at the groundwater‐surface water interface. The project site is located in an urban, channelized, developed reach of the river. Multiple property owners and site constraints presented unique challenges for the remedial design, including the presence of Hamilton Dam at the downstream edge of the site which was considered a high‐hazard dam in “very poor condition.” An additional consideration was the City of Flint water crisis which was initially exposed in 2014. The sediment response action was not related to the water crisis because the site is located approximately two miles downstream of the City's water intake, but design, permitting, and construction began after 2014, so the timing added a heightened sense of awareness from the public stakeholders. The successful completion of the sediment response action was the result of deliberate planning, iterative engineering, and open communication with stakeholders that enabled a careful balancing of objectives with sometimes competing interests.
A new method for assessing river ecosystem services and its application to rivers in Scotland with and without nature conservation designations
Authors: Keele Victoria , Gilvear David , Large Andrew , Tree Angus , Boon Philip 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBased on a paired analysis, we describe a method for evaluating the potential of rivers with different physical characteristics to provide ecosystem services. Scores based on an extensive scientific literature review and expert opinion were applied to four sets of rivers in Scotland, with each pair comprising one river with a statutory nature conservation designation and one where such designations were largely absent. Data on physical habitat features and land cover were extracted manually from Google Earth™, based upon a previously published method expanded here to take account of cultural ecosystem services. Twenty physical habitat features and land‐cover types and 13 ecosystem services (four provisioning, three regulating, and six cultural) were used in the analysis. Notable developments on the earlier approach included the full integration of cultural ecosystem services alongside provisioning, regulating, and supporting services; introduction of confidence levels to river feature–ecosystem service linkages; and incorporation of valley floor surface area into one of the two scoring systems. Ecosystem scores for 500 m reaches along each river from source to mouth were calculated using Microsoft Excel, with results showing high reach‐to‐reach variability within individual rivers and significant differences between paired rivers. The four rivers with statutory nature conservation designations provided a greater range and typically higher ecosystem service scores than those with little or no designation, a result that has significant implications for river conservation and for framing catchment‐level conservation policy.
Pore Size‐Engineered Three‐Dimensional Ordered Mesoporous Carbons with Improved Electrochemical Performance for Supercapacitor and Lithium‐ion Battery Applications
Authors: Nanaji Katchala , Rao Tata N , Varadaraju U. V. , Anandan Srinivasan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThree‐dimensional ordered mesoporous carbons (OMCs) are desirable for high performing energy storage devices because they provide a continuous electron pathway to ensure good electrical contact and also facilitate electrolyte ion transport by reducing diffusion lengths during charge‐discharge process. Here, we report the synthesis of three dimensional mesoporous carbon (CMK‐8) using KIT‐6 and sucrose as silica template and carbon source, respectively. Initially, KIT‐6, synthesized at different hydrothermal temperature (100, 130 and 150 °C) is used as silica template to prepare OMCs with different pore diameter. The resulting OMCs were extensively characterized by SAXS, FE SEM, HR‐TEM, BET and Raman techniques. The SAXS pattern shows distinct reflections at low 2θ range corresponds to ordered mesoporous structure of cubic Ia3d space group. The OMC possesses a specific surface area of 1017 m2/g with a mean pore size of 4.1 nm and large pore volume of 1.14 cm3 g−1. As electrode material for supercapacitor application, the resulting mesoporous carbon delivers a high capacitance of 252 F/g @ 0.5 A/g and shows good rate performance (75% retention in capacitance at high current rates) and outstanding cyclic stability (91% retention after 30,000 cycles). Further, as anode for Li‐ion battery application, it also exhibits promising specific capacity (856 mAh/g) with good cyclic and rate capability. The excellent electrochemical properties of the mesoporous carbon material are attributed to its three dimensional porous structure and high surface area with interconnected mesopores that provides rapid ion and electron transport during electrochemical process.
Hierarchical Micro‐ and Mesoporous Zn‐Based Metal–Organic Frameworks Templated by Hydrogels: Their Use for Enzyme Immobilization and Catalysis of Knoevenagel Reaction
Authors: Cheng Kaipeng , Svec Frantisek , Lv Yongqin , Tan Tianwei 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEncapsulation of enzymes in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is often obstructed by the small size of the orifices typical of most reported MOFs, which prevent the passage of larger‐size enzymes. Here, the preparation of hierarchical micro‐ and mesoporous Zn‐based MOFs via the templated emulsification method using hydrogels as a template is presented. Zinc‐based hydrogels featuring a 3D interconnecting network are first produced via the formation of hydrogen bonds between melamine and salicylic acid in which zinc ions are well distributed. Further coordination with organic linkers followed by the removal of the hydrogel template produces hierarchical Zn‐based MOFs containing both micropores and mesopores. These new MOFs are used for the encapsulation of glucose oxidase and horseradish peroxidase to prove the concept. The immobilized enzymes exhibit a remarkably enhanced increased operational stability and enzymatic activity with a kcat/km value of 85.68 mm s–1. This value is 7.7‐fold higher compared to that found for the free enzymes in solution, and 2.7‐fold higher than enzymes adsorbed on conventional microporous MOFs. The much higher catalytic activity of the mesoporous conjugate for Knoevenagel reactions is demonstrated, since the large pores enable easier access to the active sites, and compared with that observed for catalysis using microporous MOFs.
Surface Engineering of MoS2 via Laser‐Induced Exfoliation in Protic Solvents
Authors: Gao Zhi‐Wen , Liu Mengjie , Zheng Weiran , Zhang Xiandi , Lee Lawrence Yoon Suk 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWith excellent performance in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is considered a promising nonprecious candidate to substitute Pt‐based catalysts. Herein, pulsed laser irradiation in liquid is used to realize one‐step exfoliation of bulk 2H‐MoS2 to ultrastable few‐layer MoS2 nanosheets. Such prepared MoS2 nanosheets are rich in S vacancies and metallic 1T phase, which significantly contribute to the boosted catalytic HER activity. Protic solvents play a pivotal role in the production of S vacancies and 2H‐to‐1T phase transition under laser irradiation. MoS2 exfoliated in an optimal solvent of formic acid exhibits outstanding HER activity with an overpotential of 180 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and Tafel slope of 54 mV dec−1.
Technology from emerging markets: Why serendipity played a role in exports of Brazilian software
Authors: Behrens Alfredo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBrazilian software exports still do not match a relatively high local prowess in the matter. The negative country of origin image for technology products may only emphasize a tendency to avoid international exposure among entrepreneurs. I suggest that lack of self‐esteem may play an important part in hindering Brazilian competitiveness and I point out to the roots of the negative portrayal of themselves, buying in to the negative image that gives place to the country of origin effect. Much of this interpretation may be relevant to other former colonies and are applicable to other creative industries. I draw on three cases in which Brazilian software companies awaited foreigners to invite them to export and I illustrate that a strong Brazilian reluctance to expose themselves abroad may be at play. I seek to explain the roots of that reluctance in a lack of worldliness as well as in an attitude that may have psychoanalytical foundations grounded in genesis of Brazil and in the way this development affected its institutions and the people's Weltanschauung. The policy implications are significant, as expecting Brazilians technology entrepreneurs to sell technology products at fairs, may be the wrong way to go. Instead, an export policy that allows for building partnerships capable of allowing for mitigating risks, building affective relationships, and better understanding of the other will require rebalancing policies, that is, less participation in fairs and more two‐way internships, policies which are likely to render more palpable results among Brazilians and possibly among other former colonial nations.
A global vertical datum defined by the conventional geoid potential and the Earth ellipsoid parameters
Authors: Amin Hadi , Sjöberg Lars E. , Bagherbandi Mohammad 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The geoid, according to the classical Gauss–Listing definition, is, among infinite equipotential surfaces of the Earth’s gravity field, the equipotential surface that in a least squares sense best fits the undisturbed mean sea level. This equipotential surface, except for its zero-degree harmonic, can be characterized using the Earth’s global gravity models (GGM). Although, nowadays, satellite altimetry technique provides the absolute geoid height over oceans that can be used to calibrate the unknown zero-degree harmonic of the gravimetric geoid models, this technique cannot be utilized to estimate the geometric parameters of the mean Earth ellipsoid (MEE). The main objective of this study is to perform a joint estimation of W0, which defines the zero datum of vertical coordinates, and the MEE parameters relying on a new approach and on the newest gravity field, mean sea surface and mean dynamic topography models. As our approach utilizes both satellite altimetry observations and a GGM model, we consider different aspects of the input data to evaluate the sensitivity of our estimations to the input data. Unlike previous studies, our results show that it is not sufficient to use only the satellite-component of a quasi-stationary GGM to estimate W0. In addition, our results confirm a high sensitivity of the applied approach to the altimetry-based geoid heights, i.e., mean sea surface and mean dynamic topography models. Moreover, as W0 should be considered a quasi-stationary parameter, we quantify the effect of time-dependent Earth’s gravity field changes as well as the time-dependent sea level changes on the estimation of W0. Our computations resulted in the geoid potential W0 = 62636848.102 ± 0.004 m2 s−2 and the semi-major and minor axes of the MEE, a = 6378137.678 ± 0.0003 m and b = 6356752.964 ± 0.0005 m, which are 0.678 and 0.650 m larger than those axes of GRS80 reference ellipsoid, respectively. Moreover, a new estimation for the geocentric gravitational constant was obtained as GM = (398600460.55 ± 0.03) × 106 m3 s−2.
The $$\mu $$-Darboux transformation of minimal surfaces
Authors: Leschke K. , Moriya K. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe classical notion of the Darboux transformation of isothermic surfaces can be generalised to a transformation for conformal immersions. Since a minimal surface is Willmore, we can use the associated$$\mathbb { C}_*$$C∗-family of flat connections of the harmonic conformal Gauss map to construct such transforms, the so-called$$\mu $$μ-Darboux transforms. We show that a$$\mu $$μ-Darboux transform of a minimal surface is not minimal but a Willmore surface in 4-space. More precisely, we show that a$$\mu $$μ-Darboux transform of a minimal surfacefis a twistor projection of a holomorphic curve in$$\mathbb { C}\mathbb { P}^3$$CP3which is canonically associated to a minimal surface$$f_{p,q}$$fp,qin the right-associated family off. Here we use an extension of the notion of the associated family$$f_{p,q}$$fp,qof a minimal surface to allow quaternionic parameters. We prove that the pointwise limit of Darboux transforms offis the associated Willmore surface offat$$\mu =1$$μ=1. Moreover, the family of Willmore surfaces$$\mu $$μ-Darboux transforms,$$\mu \in \mathbb { C}_*$$μ∈C∗, extends to a$$\mathbb { C}\mathbb { P}^1$$CP1family of Willmore surfaces$$f^\mu : M \rightarrow S^4$$fμ:M→S4where$$\mu \in \mathbb { C}\mathbb { P}^1$$μ∈CP1.
Long-term tumour outcomes of self-expanding metal stents as ‘bridge to surgery’ for the treatment of colorectal cancer with malignant obstruction: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Cao Yinghao , Gu Junnan , Deng Shenghe , Li Jiang , Wu Ke , Cai Kailin 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Purpose
To explore the long-term oncological results of self-expanding metal stents (SEMS) as a surgical transition compared with those of simple emergency surgery.

Methods
A systematic review of studies involving long-term tumour outcomes comparing SEMS with emergency surgery was conducted. All studies included information on 3-year and 5-year survival rates, 3-year and 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates, and local and overall recurrence rates; the results were expressed as odds ratios.

Results
Overall, 24 articles and 2508 patients were included, including 5 randomised controlled trials, 3 prospective studies, and 16 retrospective studies. The 3-year survival rate (odds ratio (OR) = 0.88, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.69–1.12, P = 0.05), 5-year survival rate (OR = 0.91, 95% CI 0.70–1.17, P = 0.67), 3-year DFS rate (OR = 1.14, 95% CI 0.91–1.42, P = 0.65), 5-year DFS rate (OR = 1.35, 95% CI 0.91–2.02, P = 0.17), overall recurrence rate (OR 1.04, 95% CI 0.77–1.41, P = 0.14), and local recurrence rate (OR 1.37, 95% CI 0.84–2.23, P = 0.92) were determined. There was no significant difference between the randomised and observational studies in the subgroup analysis, and the 5-year survival rate was higher in studies with a stent placement success rate of ≥ 95%.

Conclusion
SEMS implantation was a viable alternative in malignant left colon obstruction as a transition to surgery; its long-term survival results, including 5-year DFS and overall survival, were equivalent to those of emergent surgery.
The time course of adaptations in thermoneutral maximal oxygen consumption following heat acclimation
Authors: Waldron Mark , Jeffries O. , Tallent J. , Patterson S. , Nevola V. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Purpose
This study investigated the effects of a 10-day heat acclimation (HA) programme on the time course of changes in thermoneutral maximal oxygen uptake ($$\dot{V}$$

V
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O2max) during and up to 10 days post-HA.

Methods

Twenty-two male cyclists were assigned to a HA or control (Con) training group following baseline ramp tests of thermoneutral $$\dot{V}$$

V
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O2max. Ten days of fixed-intensity (50% baseline $$\dot{V}$$

V
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O2max) indoor cycling was performed in either ~ 38.0 °C (HA) or ~ 20 °C (Con). $$\dot{V}$$

V
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O2max was re-tested on HA days 5, 10 and post-HA days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 10.

Results
$$\dot{V}$$

V
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O2max initially declined across time in both groups during training (P < 0.05), before increasing in the post-HA period in both groups (P < 0.05). However, $$\dot{V}$$

V
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O2max was higher than control by post-HA day 4 in the HA group (P = 0.046).

Conclusions
The non-linear time course of $$\dot{V}$$

V
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O2max adaptation suggests that post-testing should be performed 96-h post-training to identify the maximal change for most individuals. In preparation for training or testing, athletes can augment their aerobic power in thermoneutral environments by performing 10 days HA, but the full effects will manifest at varying stages of the post-HA period.
Occurrence and synoptic background of strong and very strong frost in spring and autumn in Central Europe
Authors: Tomczyk Arkadiusz M. , Szyga-Pluta Katarzyna , Bednorz Ewa 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe objective of the paper was the determination of the circulation conditions of occurrence of strong and very strong frost in Central Europe. A frost day was defined as a day with the minimum temperature lower than 0 °C and maximum temperature higher than 0 °C. Moreover, a division of frost was performed in terms of value of minimum temperature, resulting in the designation of mild frost (up to − 2.0 °C), moderate frost (from − 2.1 to − 4 °C), strong frost (from − 4.1 to − 6 °C) and very strong frost (< − 6 °C). The study was based on data from the years 1966–2015 from the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management—National Research Institute, Deutscher Wetterdienst and National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR). The analysis of baric conditions employed values of pressure at sea level, height of isobaric surface of 500 hPa and air temperature at a level of 850 hPa, as well as their anomalies. The spatial analysis showed that the number of frost days in spring and autumn increased from the west to the east of Central Europe. A decrease in the number of frost days, however, is observed over the prevailing area. Average conditions favouring the occurrence of strong and very strong frost both in spring and autumn were related to higher than average pressure at sea level over the prevailing area of the Euro-Atlantic sector. Such baric conditions caused advections of cool air masses from the northern sector.
Clinical relevance of esophageal subepithelial activity in eosinophilic esophagitis
Authors: Hirano Ikuo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEsophageal subepithelial activity (ESEA) is an important determinant of disease severity and complications in eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). Inflammation and fibrosis of the lamina propria and muscularis propria result in esophageal dysfunction and stricture formation that are clinically manifest by symptoms of dysphagia and food impaction as well as the need for esophageal dilation. Esophageal biopsies that are limited to the evaluation of the esophageal epithelium are an inadequate means to assess overall, clinical disease severity in EoE. Instruments for the assessment of subepithelial activity in EoE are both limited and/or underutilized and thus represent an important unmet clinical need. Studies using endoscopic features, endoscopic ultrasonography, and barium esophagography have demonstrated improvement in ESEA parameters with topical steroid therapy. Impedance planimetry is being evaluated as an objective and quantifiable measure of esophageal distensibility that is a consequence of ESEA. In conjunction with symptom and histologic assessment, evaluation of ESEA provides a more complete evaluation of disease activity in EoE that will enhance clinical care as well as provide insights into the strengths and limitations of therapeutic interventions.