bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Roles of multiple lipid mediators in stress and depression
Authors: Furuyashiki Tomoyuki , Akiyama Satoshi , Kitaoka Shiho 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Prolonged or excessive stress may induce emotional and cognitive disturbances, and is a risk factor for mental illnesses. Using rodent chronic stress models of depression, roles of multiple lipid mediators related to inflammation have been revealed in chronic stress-induced emotional alterations. Prostaglandin (PG) E2, an arachidonic acid (AA)-derived lipid mediator, and its receptor subtype EP1 mediate depression-like behavior induced by repeated social defeat stress through attenuating prefrontal dopaminergic activity. Repeated social defeat stress activates microglia through innate immune receptors, and induces PGE2 synthesis through cyclooxygenase-1, a prostaglandin synthase enriched in microglia. PGD2, another AA-derived lipid mediator, has been implicated in depression induced by chronic stress, although either pro-depressive or anti-depressive actions have been reported. Chronic stress up-regulates hippocampal expression of 5-lipoxygenase, hence synthesis of cysteinyl leukotrienes, thereby inducing depression through their receptors. Consistent with beneficial effects of n-3 fatty acids in the diet of depressive patients, resolvins—a novel class of pro-resolving lipid mediators—in the brain attenuate neuroinflammation-associated depression. These findings in animal models of depression offer lipid mediators and related molecules as novel therapeutic targets for treating depression. To translate these findings into clinics, translational biomarkers to visualize lipid mediator profiles in depressive patients need to be established.
Unintended Labor Supply Effects of Cash Transfer Programs: New Evidence from South Africa’s Pension†
Authors: Abel Martin 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Using South Africa’s first nationally representative panel data set, I find that the presence of pension recipients in the household reduces the probability of employment of both previously employed and unemployed prime-aged adults. Exploiting institutional features of the disability grant to isolate the pension’s income effect suggests that the effects operate through the income mechanism. By contrast, there is no evidence that pensioners enable household members to work by providing childcare as concluded by previous studies.
A qualitative framework-based evaluation of radiology clinical decision support initiatives: eliciting key factors to physician adoption in implementation
Authors: Marcial Laura Haak , Johnston Douglas S , Shapiro Michael R , Jacobs Sara R , Blumenfeld Barry , Rojas Smith Lucia 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo illustrate key contextual factors that may have effects on clinical decision support (CDS) adoption and, ultimately, success.Materials and MethodsWe conducted a qualitative evaluation of 2 similar radiology CDS innovations for near-term endpoints affecting adoption and present the findings using an evaluation framework. We identified key contextual factors between these 2 innovations and determined important adoption differences between them.ResultsDegree of electronic health record integration, approach to education and training, key drivers of adoption, and tailoring of the CDS to the clinical context were handled differently between the 2 innovations, contributing to variation in their relative degrees of adoption and use. Attention to these factors had impacts on both near and later-term measures of success (eg, patient outcomes).DiscussionCDS adoption is a well-studied early-term measure of CDS success that directly impacts outcomes. Adoption requires attention throughout the design phases of an intervention especially to key factors directly affecting it, including how implementation across multiple sites and systems complicates adoption, which prior experience with CDS matters, and that practice guidelines invariably require tailoring to the clinical context.ConclusionWith better planning for the capture of early-term measures of successful CDS implementation, especially adoption, critical adjustments may be made to ensure that the CDS is effectively implemented to be successful.
Endoscopic Resection of Ampullary Tumours: Long-term Outcomes and Adverse Events
Authors: Alali Ali , Espino Alberto , Moris Maria , Martel Myriam , Schwartz Ingrid , Cirocco Maria , Streutker Catherine , Mosko Jeffrey , Kortan Paul , Barkun Alan , May Gary R 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background
The management of ampullary lesions has shifted from surgical approach to endoscopic resection. Previous reports were limited by small numbers of patients and short follow-up. The aim of this study is to describe short- and long-term outcomes in a large cohort of patients undergoing endoscopic ampullectomy.

Methods
Retrospective study of endoscopic ampullectomies performed at a tertiary center from January 1999 to October 2016. Information recorded includes patient demographics, clinical outcomes, lesion pathology, procedural events, adverse events and follow-up data.

Results
Overall, 103 patients underwent endoscopic resection of ampullary tumours (mean age 62.3 ± 14.3 years, 50.5% female, mean lesion size 20.9 mm; 94.9% adenomas, with a majority of lesions exhibiting low-grade dysplasia (72.7%). Complete endoscopic resection was achieved in 82.5% at initial procedure. Final complete endoscopic resection was achieved in all patients with benign pathology on follow-up procedures. Final pathology showed that 11% had previously undiagnosed invasive carcinoma. Delayed postprocedure bleeding occurred in 21.4%, all of which were managed successfully at endoscopy. Acute pancreatitis complicated 15.5% of procedures (mild in 93.8%). Perforation occurred in 5.8%, all treated conservatively except for one patient requiring surgery. Piecemeal resection was associated with significantly higher recurrence compared to en-bloc resection (54.3% versus 26.2%, respectively, P = 0.012). All recurrences were treated endoscopically.

Conclusion
Endoscopic ampullectomy appears both safe and effective in managing patients with ampullary tumours in experienced hands. Most adverse events can be managed conservatively. Many patients develop recurrence during long-term follow-up but can be managed endoscopically. Recurrence rates may be reduced by performing initial en-bloc resection.
An Experimental Study of Nicotine Warning Statements in E-cigarette Tweets
Authors: Guillory Jamie , Kim Annice E , Fiacco Leah , Cress Margaret , Pepper Jessica , Nonnemaker James 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Introduction
It is unclear whether warnings on electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) advertisements required by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) will apply to social media. Given the key role of social media in marketing e-cigarettes, we seek to inform FDA decision making by exploring how warnings on various tweet content influence perceived healthiness, nicotine harm, likelihood to try e-cigarettes, and warning recall.

Methods
In this 2 × 4 between-subjects experiment participants viewed a tweet from a fictitious e-cigarette brand. Four tweet content versions (e-cigarette product, e-cigarette use, e-cigarette in social context, unrelated content) were crossed with two warning versions (absent, present). Adult e-cigarette users (N = 994) were recruited via social media ads to complete a survey and randomized to view one of eight tweets. Multivariable regressions explored effects of tweet content and warning on perceived healthiness, perceived harm, and likelihood to try e-cigarettes, and tweet content on warning recall. Covariates were tobacco and social media use and demographics.

Results
Tweets with warnings elicited more negative health perceptions of the e-cigarette brand than tweets without warnings (p &lt; .05). Tweets featuring e-cigarette products (p &lt; .05) or use (p &lt; .001) elicited higher warning recall than tweets featuring unrelated content.

Conclusions
This is the first study to examine warning effects on perceptions of e-cigarette social media marketing. Warnings led to more negative e-cigarette health perceptions, but no effect on perceived nicotine harm or likelihood to try e-cigarettes. There were differences in warning recall by tweet content. Research should explore how varying warning content (text, size, placement) on tweets from e-cigarette brands influences health risk perceptions.

Implications
FDA’s 2016 ruling requires warnings on advertisements for nicotine-containing e-cigarettes, but does not specify whether this applies to social media. This study is the first to examine how e-cigarette warnings in tweets influence perceived healthiness and harm of e-cigarettes, which is important because e-cigarette brands are voluntarily including warnings on Twitter and Instagram. Warnings influenced perceived healthiness of the e-cigarette brand, but not perceived nicotine harm or likelihood to try e-cigarettes. We also saw higher recall of warning statements for tweets featuring e-cigarettes. Findings suggest that expanding warning requirements to e-cigarette social media marketing warrants further exploration and FDA consideration.
Treatment of Posaconazole-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy With Methylprednisolone and Magnesium Infusions: A Case Report
Authors: Hussain Sadia , Nissen Susan , Holland Steven M , Sandroni Paola , Lionakis Michail S 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The tolerability of long-term posaconazole use remains poorly defined. We present a patient who developed peripheral neuropathy following long-term exposure to the tablet formulation of posaconazole, which was treated with methylprednisolone and magnesium infusions. The potential role of methylprednisolone and magnesium infusions in managing this potentially irreversible triazole-associated complication requires further study.
Infectious Complications After Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation for Hematological Malignancy
Authors: Linder Kathleen A , McDonald Philip J , Kauffman Carol A , Revankar Sanjay G , Chandrasekar Pranatharthi H , Miceli Marisa H 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundUmbilical cord blood transplant (UCBT) is used for patients who do not have a matched donor, but engraftment often takes longer than with a standard allogeneic transplant, likely increasing the risk for infection. We characterized specific infections and outcomes in adults undergoing UCBT at our 2 centers.MethodsAll adults who underwent UCBT between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2015 were included. Infectious episodes from 6 months before to 2 years after UCBT were reviewed.ResultsFifty-seven patients underwent UCBT; 47 had neutrophil engraftment. A total of 179 infectious episodes occurred in 55 patients, 73 (41%) within 30 days post-UCBT. Viruses caused 85 (47%) infections. Cytomegalovirus caused 32 infectious episodes and was most common from day 30 to 100. Human herpesvirus 6 occurred in 28 episodes, was most common within 30 days, and caused 1 death. Bacteria were responsible for 82 (46%) infections, most commonly bacteremias due to Staphylococcus spp, Enterococcus spp, and Enterobacteriaceae. Of 11 invasive fungal infections, 9 were aspergillosis, 4 of which were fatal. Overall mortality was 56% in the first year. Thirteen deaths were from infection; 11 occurred in the first 100 days and 7 in the first 30 days post-UCBT. Of 10 patients who never engrafted, 9 died, 6 from infection, within 100 days post-UCBT.ConclusionsInfectious complications were common after UCBT, especially in the first 30 days. Deaths from viral infections were fewer than expected. Delayed engraftment and nonengraftment continue to convey increased risk for fatal bacterial and fungal infections post-UCBT.
Identification of 19 Novel Hepatitis C Virus Subtypes—Further Expanding HCV Classification
Authors: Hedskog Charlotte , Parhy Bandita , Chang Silvia , Zeuzem Stefan , Moreno Christophe , Shafran Stephen D , Borgia Sergio M , Asselah Tarik , Alric Laurent , Abergel Armand , Chen Jyh-Jou , Collier Jane , Kapoor Dharmesh , Hyland Robert H , Simmonds Peter , Mo Hongmei , Svarovskaia Evguenia S 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is currently classified into 8 genotypes and 86 subtypes. The objective of this study was to characterize novel HCV subtypes and to investigate the impact of subtypes on treatment outcome.

Methods
Full-genome sequencing was performed on HCV plasma samples with &lt;85% sequence homology of NS3, NS5A, and/or NS5B to HCV genotype (GT) 1–8 reference strains.

Results
A total of 14 653 patients with GT1–6 HCV infection were enrolled in clinical studies of sofosbuvir-based regimens. For the majority of the patients, a specific subtype could be assigned based on a close genetic relationship to previously described subtypes. However, for 19 patients, novel subtypes were identified with &lt;85% homology compared with previously described subtypes. These novel subtypes had the following genotypes: 9 in GT2, 5 in GT4, 2 in GT6, and 1 each in GT1, GT3, and GT5. Despite the presence of polymorphisms at resistance-associated substitution positions, 18 of the 19 patients treated with sofosbuvir-containing therapy achieved SVR12.

Conclusions
Nineteen novel HCV subtypes were identified, suggesting an even greater genetic diversity of HCV subtypes than previously recognized.
Safety and Feasibility of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as an Exploratory Assessment of Corticospinal Connectivity in Infants After Perinatal Brain Injury: An Observational Study
Authors: Nemanich Samuel T , Chen Chao-Ying , Chen Mo , Zorn Elizabeth , Mueller Bryon , Peyton Colleen , Elison Jed T , Stinear James , Rao Raghu , Georgieff Michael , Menk Jeremiah , Rudser Kyle , Gillick Bernadette 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundPerinatal brain injuries often impact the corticospinal system, leading to motor impairment and cerebral palsy. Although transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been widely used to study corticospinal connectivity in adults and older children, similar studies of young infants are limited.ObjectivesThe objective was to establish the safety and feasibility of advanced TMS assessments of the corticospinal connectivity of young infants with perinatal brain injury.DesignThis was a pilot, cross-sectional study of 3- to 12-month-old (corrected age) infants with perinatal stroke or intracranial hemorrhage.MethodsSix participants (2 term, 4 preterm) were assessed with stereotactic neuronavigation-guided TMS. Single-pulse TMS was applied to each hemisphere and responses were recorded simultaneously from both upper limbs. During data collection, vital signs and stress responses were measured to assess safety. Developmental motor outcomes were evaluated using the General Movements Assessment and Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (3rd edition). A clinical diagnosis of cerebral palsy was recorded, if available.ResultsNo adverse events occurred during TMS testing. All sessions were well tolerated. Contralateral motor evoked responses were detected in 4 of 6 participants. Both contralateral and ipsilateral responses were observed in 2 of 6 participants.LimitationsTMS responses were not obtained in all participants. This could be related to the location of brain injury or developmental stage of the corticospinal system controlling the wrist flexor muscle group from which responses were recorded.ConclusionsThis study provides a summary of the framework for performing novel TMS assessments in infants with perinatal brain injury. Implementing this approach to measure corticospinal connectivity in hypothesis-driven studies in young infants appears to be justified. Such studies could inform the characterization of corticospinal development and the neural mechanisms driving recovery following early interventions.
Lack of Signal for the Impact of Conotoxin Gene Diversity on Speciation Rates in Cone Snails
Authors: Phuong Mark A , Alfaro Michael E , Mahardika Gusti N , Marwoto Ristiyanti M , Prabowo Romanus Edy , von Rintelen Thomas , Vogt Philipp W H , Hendricks Jonathan R , Puillandre Nicolas 
Published: February 2019

AbstractUnderstanding why some groups of organisms are more diverse than others is a central goal in macroevolution. Evolvability, or the intrinsic capacity of lineages for evolutionary change, is thought to influence disparities in species diversity across taxa. Over macroevolutionary time scales, clades that exhibit high evolvability are expected to have higher speciation rates. Cone snails (family: Conidae, $&gt;$900 spp.) provide a unique opportunity to test this prediction because their toxin genes can be used to characterize differences in evolvability between clades. Cone snails are carnivorous, use prey-specific venom (conotoxins) to capture prey, and the genes that encode venom are known and diversify through gene duplication. Theory predicts that higher gene diversity confers a greater potential to generate novel phenotypes for specialization and adaptation. Therefore, if conotoxin gene diversity gives rise to varying levels of evolvability, conotoxin gene diversity should be coupled with macroevolutionary speciation rates. We applied exon capture techniques to recover phylogenetic markers and conotoxin loci across 314 species, the largest venom discovery effort in a single study. We paired a reconstructed timetree using 12 fossil calibrations with species-specific estimates of conotoxin gene diversity and used trait-dependent diversification methods to test the impact of evolvability on diversification patterns. Surprisingly, we did not detect any signal for the relationship between conotoxin gene diversity and speciation rates, suggesting that venom evolution may not be the rate-limiting factor controlling diversification dynamics in Conidae. Comparative analyses showed some signal for the impact of diet and larval dispersal strategy on diversification patterns, though detection of a signal depended on the dataset and the method. If our results remain true with increased taxonomic sampling in future studies, they suggest that the rapid evolution of conid venom may cause other factors to become more critical to diversification, such as ecological opportunity or traits that promote isolation among lineages.
Understanding the processes that Federally Qualified Health Centers use to select and implement colorectal cancer screening interventions: a qualitative study
Authors: Leeman Jennifer , Askelson Natoshia , Ko Linda K , Rohweder Catherine L , Avelis Jade , Best Alicia , Friedman Daniela , Glanz Karen , Seegmiller Laura , Stradtman Lindsay , Vanderpool Robin C 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening is highly effective at reducing cancer-related morbidity and mortality, yet screening rates remain suboptimal. Evidence-based interventions can increase screening rates, particularly when they target multiple levels (e.g., patients, providers, health care systems). However, effective interventions remain underutilized. Thus, there is a pressing need to build capacity to select and implement multilevel CRC screening interventions. We report on formative research aimed at understanding how Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC) staff select and implement CRC screening interventions, which will inform development of capacity-building strategies. We report the qualitative findings from a study that used a mixed methods design, starting with a quantitative survey followed by a qualitative study. In-depth interviews were conducted with 28 staff from 14 FQHCs in 8 states. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) guided interview questions and data analysis. Related to the CFIR process domain, few respondents described conducting formal assessments of factors contributing to low screening rates prior to planning their interventions. Many described engaging champions, implementation leaders, and external change agents. Few described a systematic approach to executing implementation plans beyond conducting plan-do-study-act cycles. Reflection and evaluation consisted primarily of reviewing Uniform Data System performance measures. Findings also include themes related to factors influencing these implementation processes. Although FQHCs are implementing CRC screening interventions, they are not actively targeting the multilevel factors influencing their CRC screening rates. Our findings on gaps in FQHCs’ implementation processes will inform development of strategies to build capacity to select and implement multilevel CRC screening interventions.
Leveraging high-powered RNA-Seq datasets to improve inference of regulatory activity in single-cell RNA-Seq data
Authors: Wang Ning , Teschendorff Andrew E. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractInferring the activity of transcription factors in single cells is a key task to improve our understanding of development and complex genetic diseases. This task is, however, challenging due to the relatively large dropout rate and noisy nature of single-cell RNA-Seq data. Here we present a novel statistical inference framework called SCIRA (Single Cell Inference of Regulatory Activity), which leverages the power of large-scale bulk RNA-Seq datasets to infer high-quality tissue-specific regulatory networks, from which regulatory activity estimates in single cells can be subsequently obtained. We show that SCIRA can correctly infer regulatory activity of transcription factors affected by high technical dropouts. In particular, SCIRA can improve sensitivity by as much as 70% compared to differential expression analysis and current state-of-the-art methods. Importantly, SCIRA can reveal novel regulators of cell-fate in tissue-development, even for cell-types that only make up 5% of the tissue, and can identify key novel tumor suppressor genes in cancer at single cell resolution. In summary, SCIRA will be an invaluable tool for single-cell studies aiming to accurately map activity patterns of key transcription factors during development, and how these are altered in disease.
Genetic risk score for Alzheimer’s disease is associated with poor hearing
Authors: Brenowitz Willa D. , Filshtein Teresa J. , Yaffe Kristine , Walter Stefan , Hoffmann Thomas J. , Jorgenson Eric , Whitmer Rachel A. , Glymour M. Maria 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionIncipient dementia or shared genetics may partly explain the association between hearing loss and dementia. We evaluated whether genetic variants known to increase Alzheimer’s disease (AD) also influence hearing difficulty.MethodsUK Biobank participants aged 56+ with Caucasian genetic ancestry self-reported difficulty hearing and hearing with background noise (n=244,915) and underwent objectively measured hearing assessments (n=80,074). Poor objective hearing was defined as >-5.5 dB speech reception threshold on a Digit Triplet Test. We evaluated whether an AD genetic risk score (AD-GRS; range −1.2 to 1.9), the weighted sum of 23 previously identified AD-related polymorphisms, predicted objective or self-reported poor hearing, using age, sex, and genetic ancestry adjusted logistic regression models.ResultsHigher AD-GRS predicted objectively measured poor hearing (OR=1.06; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.11) and self-reported problems hearing with background noise (OR=1.03; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.05).DiscussionUsing novel methods, we found evidence that AD genetic risk influences hearing loss.