bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ammonium and nitrate regulate NH4+ uptake activity of Arabidopsis ammonium transporter AtAMT1;3 via phosphorylation at multiple C-terminal sites
Authors: Wu Xiangyu , Liu Ting , Zhang Yongjian , Duan Fengying , Neuhäuser Benjamin , Ludewig Uwe , Schulze Waltraud X , Yuan Lixing 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In plants, nutrient transporters require tight regulation to ensure optimal uptake in complex environments. The activities of many nutrient transporters are post-translationally regulated by reversible phosphorylation, allowing rapid adaptation to variable environmental conditions. Here, we show that the Arabidopsis root epidermis-expressed ammonium transporter AtAMT1;3 was dynamically (de-)phosphorylated at multiple sites in the cytosolic C-terminal region (CTR) responding to ammonium and nitrate signals. Under ammonium resupply rapid phosphorylation of a Thr residue (T464) in the conserved part of the CTR (CTRC) effectively inhibited AtAMT1;3-dependent NH4+ uptake. Moreover, phosphorylation of Thr (T494), one of three phosphorylation sites in the non-conserved part of the CTR (CRTNC), moderately decreased the NH4+ transport activity of AtAMT1;3, as deduced from functional analysis of phospho-mimic mutants in yeast, oocytes, and transgenic Arabidopsis. Double phospho-mutants indicated a role of T494 in fine-tuning the NH4+ transport activity when T464 was non-phosphorylated. Transient dephosphorylation of T494 with nitrate resupply closely paralleled a transient increase in ammonium uptake. These results suggest that T464 phosphorylation at the CTRC acts as a prime switch to prevent excess ammonium influx, while T494 phosphorylation at the CTRNC fine tunes ammonium uptake in response to nitrate. This provides a sophisticated regulatory mechanism for plant ammonium transporters to achieve optimal ammonium uptake in response to various nitrogen forms.
Empirical derivation of cutoff values for the sleep health metric and its relationship to cardiometabolic morbidity: results from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study
Authors: Brindle Ryan C , Yu Lan , Buysse Daniel J , Hall Martica H 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Study Objectives
Emerging evidence supports a multidimensional perspective of sleep in the context of health. The sleep health model, and composite sleep health score, are increasingly used in research. However, specific cutoff values that differentiate “good” from “poor” sleep, have not been empirically derived and its relationship to cardiometabolic health is less-well understood. We empirically derived cutoff values for sleep health dimensions and examined the relationship between sleep health and cardiometabolic morbidity.

Methods
Participants from two independent Biomarker Studies in the MIDUS II (N = 432, 39.8% male, age = 56.92 ± 11.45) and MIDUS Refresher (N = 268, 43.7% male, age = 51.68 ± 12.70) cohorts completed a 1-week study where sleep was assessed with daily diaries and wrist actigraphy. Self-reported physician diagnoses, medication use, and blood values were used to calculate total cardiometabolic morbidity. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated in the MIDUS II cohort for each sleep health dimension to determine cutoff values. Using derived cutoff values, logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between sleep health scores and cardiometabolic morbidity in the MIDUS Refresher cohort, controlling for traditional risk factors.

Results
Empirically derived sleep health cutoff values aligned reasonably well to cutoff values previously published in the sleep health literature and remained robust across physical and mental health outcomes. Better sleep health was significantly associated with a lower odds of cardiometabolic morbidity (OR [95% CI] = 0.901 [0.814–0.997], p = .044).

Conclusions
These results contribute to the ongoing development of the sleep health model and add to the emerging research supporting a multidimensional perspective of sleep and health.
Physical Examination Techniques for the Assessment of Pelvic Floor Myofascial Pain: A Systematic Review
Authors: Meister Melanie R. , Shivakumar Nishkala , Sutcliffe Siobhan , Spitznagle Theresa , Lowder Jerry L. 
Published: May 2019

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018;219:497.e1–497.e13)
Myofascial pain is common in both women and men with chronic pelvic pain (CPP) and pelvic floor disorder symptoms. It is characterized by the presence of trigger points, tenderness to palpation, and local or referred pain and can result in debilitating CPP.
Risk Factors for Intrapartum Acidemia—A Cohort Study
Authors: Wretler Stina , Nordström Lennart , Graner Sophie , Holzmann Malin 
Published: May 2019

(Abstracted from J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2018;31(24):3232–3237)
Neonatal acidemia is associated with short- and long-term morbidity in the child. Cardiotocography, or electronic fetal monitoring, is one of the most widely used techniques for intrapartum fetal monitoring, and the use of adjunctive technologies such as fetal scalp blood sampling (FBS) is the norm in many countries, increasing the specificity of cardiotocography, and is likely to reduce the rate of cesarean deliveries.
Characterization of the T-Cell Response to Polypropylene Mesh in Women With Complications
Authors: Tennyson Lauren , Rytel Matthew , Palcsey Stacy , Meyn Leslie , Liang Rui , Moalli Pamela 
Published: May 2019

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2019;220:187.e1–187.e8)
Polypropylene mesh has been widely used as surgical treatment for pelvic organ prolapse and stress urinary incontinence. Although mesh provides favorable functional and anatomic outcomes, its use has been limited by complications.
Diagnostic Yield of Chromosomal Microarray Analysis in Fetuses With Isolated Increased Nuchal Translucency: A French Multicenter Study
Authors: Egloff M. , Hervé B. , Quibel T. , Jaillard S. , Le Bouar G. , Uguen K. , Saliou A.-H. , Valduga M. , Perdriolle E. , Coutton C. , Coston A.-L. , Coussement A. , Anselem O. , Missirian C. , Bretelle F. , Prieur F. , Fanget C. , Muti C. , Jacquemot M.-C. , Beneteau C. , Le Vaillant C. , Vekemans M. , Salomon L. J. , Vialard F. , Malan V. 
Published: May 2019

(Abstracted from Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2018;52:715–721)
Nuchal translucency (NT) is a collection of fluid at the back of the fetal neck; its thickness can be measured by ultrasound between 10 and 13 + 6 weeks of gestation. An increased thickness, often defined as an NT of greater than the 99th centile, which corresponds approximately to a threshold of 3.5 mm, is associated with a risk of chromosomal abnormalities, as well as genetic syndromes such as Noonan and Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome, and major structural birth defects.
Severe Acute Maternal Morbidity in Twin Compared With Singleton Pregnancies
Authors: Madar Hugo , Goffinet François , Seco Aurélien , Rozenberg Patrick , Dupont Corinne , Deneux-Tharaux Catherine ,   on behalf of the EPIMOMS (EPIdémiologie de la MOrbidité Maternelle Sévère) Study Group
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVE:
To investigate the association between twin pregnancy and severe acute maternal morbidity, overall and by timing (before, during or after delivery) and underlying causal condition.

METHODS:
We conducted a cohort-nested case-control analysis from the EPIMOMS prospective study conducted in six French regions from 2012–2013 (N=182,309 deliveries). The case group comprised 2,500 women with severe acute maternal morbidity (defined by a national expert consensus process) occurring from 22 weeks of gestation and up to 42 days postpartum. A random sample of 3,650 women who gave birth without severe acute maternal morbidity made up the control group. The association between twin pregnancy and severe acute maternal morbidity was analyzed with multilevel multivariable logistic regression. The role of cesarean delivery as an intermediate factor between twin pregnancy and severe acute maternal morbidity was assessed by path analysis.

RESULTS:
The population-based incidence of severe acute maternal morbidity was 6.2% (n=197/3,202, 95% CI 5.3–7.1) in twin pregnancies, and 1.3% (n=2,303/179,107, 95% CI 1.2–1.3) in singleton pregnancies. After controlling for confounders, the risk of severe acute maternal morbidity was higher in twin than in singleton pregnancies (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 4.2, 95% CI 3.1–5.8), both antepartum and intrapartum or postpartum, and regardless of the category of causal condition (severe hemorrhage, severe hypertensive complications, or other conditions). The association was also found for the most severe near-miss cases (adjusted OR 5.1, 95% CI 3.5–7.3). In path analysis, cesarean delivery mediated 20.6% (95% CI 12.9–28.2) of the total risk of intrapartum or postpartum severe acute maternal morbidity associated with twin pregnancy.

CONCLUSION:
Compared with women with singleton pregnancies, women with twin pregnancies have a fourfold increased risk for severe maternal complications both before and after delivery. About one fifth of the association between twin pregnancy and intrapartum or postpartum severe acute maternal morbidity may be mediated by cesarean delivery.
Patterns of Prescription Opioid Use in Women With Endometriosis
Authors: Lamvu Georgine , Soliman Ahmed M. , Manthena Shivaji R. , Gordon Keith , Knight Julie , Taylor Hugh S. 
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVE:
To examine opioid use, opioid prescribing patterns, and timing of the first opioid prescription in endometriosis patients compared with matched women in the control group without endometriosis.

METHODS:
We conducted a retrospective analysis of the Clinformatics Datamart database. Women diagnosed with endometriosis from January 2006 through December 2016 and aged 18–49 years were compared with women in the control group matched on age, region, race, insurance payer, and plan type. Key outcomes included: filled prescription for an opioid, multiple opioid prescriptions, number of days' supply, daily dose (morphine milligram equivalents), and concomitant opioid and benzodiazepine prescriptions. Cohorts were descriptively analyzed using t- and χ2 statistics and multivariable regression analyses yielded adjusted relative risk (RR) ratios and 95% CI.

RESULTS:
The study sample included 53,847 endometriosis patients and 107,694 patients in the control group. The mean age was 38 years, 62.4% of patients were white, and 51.6% lived in the South. Women in the endometriosis case group, compared with women in the control group, were more likely to fill an opioid prescription (42,705 [79.3%] women in the case group vs 26,106 [24.2%] women in the control group; adjusted RR ratio 2.91; 2.87–2.94), had higher likelihood of filling prescriptions with a dose of 50 morphine milligram equivalents or more (24,544 [45.6%] vs 10,463 [9.7%]; adjusted RR ratio 4.07; 3.98–4.16) or 100 morphine milligram equivalents or more (8,013 [14.9%] vs 3,582 [3.3%]; adjusted RR ratio 3.56; 3.43–3.70). Women in the case group were more likely to have concomitant opioid and benzodiazepine prescriptions (5,453 [10.1%] vs 3,711 [3.5%]; adjusted RR ratio 1.95; 1.88–2.03) and to have used these drugs concurrently for at least 30 days (1,596 [3.0%] vs 1,265 [1.2%]; adjusted RR ratio 1.43; 1.34–1.52) or at least 90 days (875 [1.6%] vs 777 [0.7%]; adjusted RR ratio 1.27; 1.17–1.37). Similar results were obtained after excluding opioid prescriptions received during a 30-day postsurgery window.

CONCLUSION:
Women with endometriosis had higher probabilities of prolonged use of opioids and concomitant use with benzodiazepines compared with women without this condition.

FUNDING SOURCE:
This study was funded by AbbVie, Inc.
Second-Trimester Fetal Loss in a Patient With Hyperemesis Gravidarum Complicated by Refeeding Syndrome
Authors: Mayer Kaitlyn Huegel , McGill April L. 
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND:
Refeeding syndrome is a rare constellation of electrolyte abnormalities after reintroduction of glucose during an adaptive state of starvation and malnutrition, resulting in fluid shifts, end-organ damage, and, potentially, death. We present a case of fetal death in a patient with hyperemesis gravidarum complicated by refeeding syndrome.

CASE:
A 32-year-old obese, multigravid patient was admitted at 16 weeks of gestation with hyperemesis gravidarum and laboratory abnormalities concerning for refeeding syndrome after consuming a sugar-rich beverage. She was admitted to the hospital for electrolyte and fluid repletion; however, on hospital day 2, fetal death was diagnosed.

CONCLUSION:
Refeeding syndrome is a potentially fatal complication of hyperemesis gravidarum. Caution should be taken when reintroducing glucose during prolonged states of malnutrition to prevent the development of refeeding syndrome.
Prevention of the Infected Fracture: Evidence-Based Strategies for Success!
Authors: Mauffrey Cyril , Hak David J. , Rojas David , Doan Kent , Southam Brendan R. , Archdeacon Michael T. , Boyer Martin , McKee Michael , Giannoudis Peter V. , Schemitsch Emil H. 
Published: May 2019

Summary:
There is a significant burden of disease associated with infected fractures, and their management is challenging. Prevention of infection after musculoskeletal trauma is essential because treatment of an established infection continues to be a major obstacle. Despite the need for evidence-based decision making, there is a lack of consensus around strategies for prevention and surgical management of the infected fracture. The current evidence for the prevention of the infected fracture is reviewed here with a focus on evidence for antibiotic therapy and debridement, the induced membrane technique, management of soft-tissue defects, patient optimization, and adjuncts to prevent infection.
Validation of PROMIS Physical Function Instruments in Patients With an Orthopaedic Trauma to a Lower Extremity
Authors: Rothrock Nan E. , Kaat Aaron J. , Vrahas Mark S. , O'Toole Robert V. , Buono Sarah K. , Morrison Suzanne , Gershon Richard C. 
Published: May 2019

Objectives:To evaluate the reliability, convergent validity, known-groups validity, and responsiveness of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Mobility Computer Adaptive Test (CAT) and PROMIS Physical Function 8a Short Form.Design:Prospective cohort study.Setting:Two Level-I trauma centers.Patients:Eligible adults with an isolated lower extremity trauma injury receiving treatment were approached consecutively (n = 402 consented at time 1, median = 80 days after treatment). After 6 months, 122 (30.3%) completed another assessment.Intervention:Cross-sectional and longitudinal monitoring of patients.Main Outcome Measurements:Floor and ceiling effects, reliability (marginal reliability and Cronbach's alpha), convergent validity, known-groups discriminant validity (weight-bearing status and fracture severity), and responsiveness (Cohen's d effect size) were evaluated for the PROMIS Mobility CAT, PROMIS Physical Function 8a Short Form, and 5 other measures of physical function.Results:PROMIS PFSF8a and Foot and Ankle Ability Measure Activities of Daily Living Index had ceiling effects. Both PROMIS measures demonstrated excellent internal consistency reliability (mean marginal reliability 0.94 and 0.96; Cronbach's alpha = 0.96). Convergent validity was supported by high correlations with other measures of physical function (r = 0.70–0.87). Known-groups validity by weight-bearing status and fracture severity was supported as was responsiveness (Mobility CAT effect size = 0.81; Physical Function Short Form 8a = 0.88).Conclusions:The PROMIS Mobility CAT and Physical Function 8a Short Form demonstrated reliability, convergent and known-groups discriminant validity, and responsiveness in a sample of patients with a lower extremity orthopaedic trauma injury.
Nebivolol Improves Obesity-Induced Vascular Remodeling by Suppressing NLRP3 Activation
Authors: Gao Jing , Xie Qihai , Wei Tong , Huang Chenglin , Zhou Weijun , Shen Weili 
Published: May 2019

Abstract:
Nebivolol is a novel β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) blocker with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The NLRP3 inflammasome plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of obesity-induced vascular dysfunction. Our study aimed to explore the effect of nebivolol on the NLRP3 inflammasome and vascular remodeling in diet-induced obese rats. Eight-week-old Sprague–Dawley male rats were fed with either a standard chow diet or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks. Next, the obese rats were subdivided into 3 groups as follows: (1) HFD control group, (2) HFD with low doses of nebivolol (5 mg/kg·d−1), and (3) HFD with high doses of nebivolol (10 mg/kg·d−1). A 4-week treatment with nebivolol improved acetylcholine-induced vascular relaxation in accordance with an increased aortic endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Nebivolol attenuated NLRP3 inflammasome activation and suppressed autophagy. In parallel, nebivolol enhanced the levels of phase-II detoxifying enzymes, including superoxide dismutase and catalase. These effects were associated with an increased β3-AR level. Moreover, nebivolol treatment significantly increased Adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase activity and decreased phosphorylation of the mammalian target of rapamycin. These results demonstrated that nebivolol improves obesity-induced vascular remodeling by attenuating NLRP3 inflammasome activation and restoring the antioxidant defense.
Mechanism of Emulsified Isoflurane Postconditioning–Induced Activation of the Nrf2–Antioxidant Response Element Signaling Pathway During Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion: The Relationship With Reactive Oxygen Species
Authors: Chen Wei , Chen Xi-Yuan , Wang Ying , Wang Hai-Ying , Zhou Wen-Jing , Yu Tian 
Published: May 2019

Abstract:
Emulsified isoflurane (EI) has been shown to alleviate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. However, previous reports have not been focused on the underlying mechanism. We used models of IR injury in Langendorff-isolated rat hearts to determine the relationship between the mechanism underlying EI postconditioning (EIP)-induced activation of the nuclear factor-E2–related factor 2 (Nrf2)-antioxidant response element signaling pathway during myocardial IR, and its relationship with reactive oxygen species. In comparison with the IR group, the EIP group showed a significant reduction in myocardial ultrastructural damage, significant increase in function [heart rate, left ventricular developed pressure, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, and maximal rate of the increase in left ventricular pressure (+dp/dtmax)], and upregulated expression of Nrf2, HO-I, NQO1, and SOD1 mRNA and proteins at the end of reperfusion. After treatment with N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)-glycine (MPG), the significant reduction in myocardial ultrastructural damage and significant increases in function, and mRNA and protein expression were no longer evident in the M + EIP group. These results show that EIP can regulate reactive oxygen species levels and activate the Nrf2–antioxidant response element signaling pathway, thereby attenuating myocardial IR injury in rats.
Multiple pregnancies and the risk of diabetes mellitus in postmenopausal women
Authors: Lv Chengjie , Chen Chi , Chen Qi , Zhai Hualing , Zhao Li , Guo Yuyu , Wang Ningjian 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Objective:
We aimed to investigate whether the number of pregnancies during childbearing age was associated with diabetes in postmenopausal women with no history of gestational diabetes.

Methods:
Our data source was the continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999 to 2014. We selected 9,138 postmenopausal women over 40 years old who did not have a history of gestational diabetes during pregnancy. Logistic regression analyses were applied for the association of the number of pregnancies with diabetes.

Results:
We found women with ≥4 pregnancies had significantly greater fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), 2-hour plasma glucose, and the Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance than those with two to three pregnancies (all P < 0.01). These women also had a significantly higher prevalence of diabetes (28.4% vs 20.7%; P < 0.001). Using the two to three pregnancies group as the reference, we observed a positive association of log-FPG and log-HbA1c with 4 or more pregnancies after adjustment for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and reproductive factors, and body mass index (both P < 0.05). Compared to women with two to three pregnancies, the odds ratios for diabetes were 1.31 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.71) for women who never got pregnant and 1.28 (95% CI 1.10-1.48) for those with at least 4 pregnancies after multivariate adjustment.

Conclusions:
At least 4 pregnancies through childbearing age may be a potential risk factor for diabetes in postmenopausal women without a history of gestational diabetes.
The Amygdala in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: A Synthesis of Structural MRI, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, and Resting-State Functional Connectivity Findings
Authors: Ho New Fei , Chong Pearlynne Li Hui , Lee Daryl Renick , Chew Qian Hui , Chen Guoyang , Sim Kang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFrequently implicated in psychotic spectrum disorders, the amygdala serves as an important hub for elucidating the convergent and divergent neural substrates in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, the two most studied groups of psychotic spectrum conditions. A systematic search of electronic databases through December 2017 was conducted to identify neuroimaging studies of the amygdala in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, focusing on structural MRI, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and resting-state functional connectivity studies, with an emphasis on cross-diagnostic studies. Ninety-four independent studies were selected for the present review (49 structural MRI, 27 DTI, and 18 resting-state functional MRI studies). Also selected, and analyzed in a separate meta-analysis, were 33 volumetric studies with the amygdala as the region-of-interest. Reduced left, right, and total amygdala volumes were found in schizophrenia, relative to both healthy controls and bipolar subjects, even when restricted to cohorts in the early stages of illness. No volume abnormalities were observed in bipolar subjects relative to healthy controls. Shape morphometry studies showed either amygdala deformity or no differences in schizophrenia, and no abnormalities in bipolar disorder. In contrast to the volumetric findings, DTI studies of the uncinate fasciculus tract (connecting the amygdala with the medial- and orbitofrontal cortices) largely showed reduced fractional anisotropy (a marker of white matter microstructure abnormality) in both schizophrenia and bipolar patients, with no cross-diagnostic differences. While decreased amygdalar-orbitofrontal functional connectivity was generally observed in schizophrenia, varying patterns of amygdalar-orbitofrontal connectivity in bipolar disorder were found. Future studies can consider adopting longitudinal approaches with multimodal imaging and more extensive clinical subtyping to probe amygdalar subregional changes and their relationship to the sequelae of psychotic disorders.