bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What will my life be like when I am 25? How do children's social class contexts predict their imagined and actual futures?
Authors: Laurin Kristin , Engstrom Holly R. , Huang Muhua 
Published: November 2024

AbstractChildren use school as a way to imagine and strive toward their futures. We analyzed thousands of essays written by children in Britain in the late 1960s about what their lives would be like as adults. We used a bottom‐up approach to explore naturally occurring topics in these essays and tested how these topics varied with children's social class context and their adult outcomes. Higher education was the most prevalent topic in these children's essays; children whose fathers—and maternal grandfathers—had higher‐status occupations were especially likely to write about this, as well as about interests in teaching, medicine, and the military. Children in lower class contexts were especially likely to write about making money, but also about family and daily responsibilities. We further found that—controlling for family background—children who wrote more about higher education and less about money‐making tended to achieve education, status, and income.
Systematic Literature Review on the Determinants of Demand and Supply at the Combat Aircraft Market
Authors: Saitova Alsu 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThrough a systematic literature review of 42 recent peer‐reviewed empirical studies of international arms markets, this paper examines the determinants of supply and demand for manned fixed‐wing combat aircraft in the post–Cold War era. This literature review distinguishes more than 80 different determinants related to either the international system interaction, an international state or the aircraft offered. The determinants can be related to the main characteristics of the market, namely, security, economics and normative values. Measurable effects are only visible for security and economic determinants. Normative factors appear to play a rudimentary role across the board, although they can be found to be significant in individual studies. One conclusion that can be drawn is that the most commonly studied determinants are not those with the greatest impact. In addition, it is important to note that all but a few of the publications analysed do not address the difference in market power between a producing and a supplying (reselling) state.
Knowledge, Attitudes and Confidence in Providing Dementia Care to Older Adults Among Nurses Practicing in Hanoi, Vietnam: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Nguyen Anh Huynh Phuong , Nguyen Huy V. , Nguyen Thanh Xuan , Nguyen Huong Thi Thu , Nguyen Tam Ngoc , Nguyen Thu Thi Hoai , Goldberg Robert J. , Yuan Yiyang , Gurwitz Jerry H. , Nguyen Hoa L. , Vu Huyen Thi Thanh 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundNurses' competencies are crucial in providing effective dementia care in healthcare settings for older people. Understanding nurses' current knowledge, attitudes and confidence in this area is essential for developing education programmes for healthcare professionals to improve patient care. The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes and confidence related to providing dementia care among nurses practicing in geriatric hospital wards and nursing homes in Hanoi, Vietnam.MethodsA total of 269 out of 313 (response rate was 86%) full‐time nurses working at six geriatric wards in hospitals and nursing homes in Hanoi were surveyed using three self‐administered questionnaires: the Dementia Knowledge Assessment Scale (DKAS), Dementia Attitude Scale (DAS) and the Confidence in Dementia Scale (CODE). Multiple regression models were constructed to identify factors associated with dementia care knowledge, attitudes and confidence.ResultsThe overall mean scores of nurse's knowledge, attitudes and confidence were 28.1 ± 8.0, 102.1 ± 13.4 and 28.3 ± 6.4, respectively. A positive correlation was reported between the knowledge and attitude scores and between the attitudes and confidence scores. Greater seniority (β: 0.29; 95% CI: 0.03–0.56) and having learned information through colleagues or experts (β: 3.02; 95% CI: 0.88–5.16) were associated with better dementia knowledge. A higher level of dementia training desirability was associated with increased knowledge (β: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.28–1.20) and favourable attitudes (β: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.15–1.74), whereas frequent exposure to dementia cases was associated with higher confidence (β: 3.56; 95% CI: 1.39–5.73) and more favourable attitudes (β: 3.96; 95% CI: 0.27–7.66).ConclusionOur study highlights deficits in knowledge, low levels of social comfort in nurses' attitudes towards people with dementia and a lack of confidence in providing effective care among nurses practicing in healthcare settings for older adults in Hanoi, Vietnam. With the ageing of the population and with increasing numbers of persons living with dementia, our findings suggest the importance of improving the training of nurses to specifically address these deficits.Implications for PracticeMultidisciplinary consultation meetings need to be encouraged in the healthcare workplace setting as well as ensuring the presence of qualified counsellors for care teams working with older adults in non‐hospital settings.Training about non‐cognitive symptoms of dementia and demonstrating effective verbal and non‐verbal communication skills is critical and should be integrated into nurse's educational training.
From infodemic to resilience: Exploring COVID‐19 protective measures in armed‐conflict zone
Authors: Salim Mona , Wei Jiuchang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe proliferation of inaccurate and misleading information about COVID‐19 on social media poses a significant public health concern. This study examines the impact of the infodemic and beneficial information on COVID‐19 protective behaviors in an armed‐conflict country. Using the protective action decision model (PADM), data were collected from 1439 participants through a questionnaire in Yemen between August 2020 and April 2021. Structural equation modeling tested hypotheses generated by the PADM. The findings indicate that the infodemic reduces the likelihood of individuals adopting protective measures against COVID‐19. Surprisingly, official announcements by accountable authorities do not moderate the relationship between the infodemic and protective responses. These results highlight the need for further research on resilience in armed‐conflict countries. This study contributes to understanding armed‐conflict countries' unique challenges in combating health crises. Addressing the infodemic and promoting accurate information is crucial in enhancing protective behaviors and mitigating the negative impact of misinformation. Policymakers and public health authorities can utilize these insights to develop targeted interventions and communication strategies that ensure accurate information dissemination and encourage the adoption of adequate protective measures.
Exergy Optimization of a Hybrid Multi-Evaporative Desalination Plant Powered by Solar and Geothermal Energy
Authors: Malek Charfeddine , Tahar Khir 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
An energy and exergy analysis has been conducted on a hybrid desalination system powered by solar energy using vacuum collectors and geothermal energy. This system is specifically designed to operate under the environmental conditions of southern Tunisia. The desalination plant is mainly constituted by a solar collector field, a thermal energy storage system, a multiple effect distillation (MED) unit system, an evaporative condenser, and a geothermal energy recovery system. The analysis is performed using computational code established with ees software. A parametric study is conducted to examine the effects of key operating parameters on plant performances. The operating mode is determined for winter and summer seasons. The obtained results show that the thermal storage system provides thermal power permitting continuous operation for about 8 h during the nighttime period. The storage tank is the most contributor in exergy destruction with approximately 4.3 kW in winter and 5.5 kW in summer followed by the solar collector field of about 3.6 kW in winter and 3.8 kW in summer. The exergy efficiency of the desalination effects reaches 70% in winter and 75% in summer. The daily production of drinking water is about 12 m3/day in winter and 14 m3/day in summer. This meets the daily drinking water needs of around 3000 people.
Experimental Investigation of Nonlinear Forces on a Monopile Offshore Wind Turbine Foundation Under Directionally Spread Waves
Authors: Ding Haoyu , Zhao Guangwei , Tang Tianning , Taylor Paul H. , Adcock Thomas A. A. , Dai Saishuai , Ning Dezhi , Chen Lifen , Li Jinxuan , Wang Rongquan , Zang Jun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Accurate prediction of nonlinear wave loading is crucial for designing marine and offshore structures, yet it remains a challenging task. Prior research has primarily focused on unidirectional extreme sea states, revealing that linear loading cannot accurately represent the total wave forces acting on offshore wind turbine foundations, with significant contributions from high-order harmonics. This study broadens the scope to include multidirectional and bidirectional wave interactions with monopile offshore wind turbine foundations. We use a phase-based harmonic separation method to isolate harmonic components in the presence of complex wave scenarios. This approach allows for the clear delineation of individual harmonics from the total wave force by controlling the phase of incident-focused waves. Remarkably, this method is effective even with multidirectional and bidirectional spreading. The clean separation of individual harmonics enables the estimation of contributions from each harmonic. Our findings are in line with previous research, showing that nonlinear loading can constitute up to 40% of the total under certain wave conditions. We have also observed that wider wave spreading reduces nonlinear high-order harmonics, and unidirectional waves induce the most severe nonlinear forces. These insights emphasize the importance of accounting for high-order nonlinear wave loading in offshore structure design.
Evaluation of Machine Learning Models for Predicting the Hot Deformation Flow Stress of Sintered Al–Zn–Mg Alloy
Authors: Harikrishna Katika , Nithin Abeyram , Davidson M. J. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In predicting flow stress, machine learning (ML) offers significant advantages by leveraging data-driven approaches, enhancing material design, and accurately forecasting material performance. Thus, the present study employs various supervised ML models, including linear regression (Lasso and Ridge), support vector regression (SVR), ensemble methods (random forest (RF), gradient boosting (GB), extreme gradient boosting (XGB)), and neural networks (artificial neural network (ANN), multilayer perceptron (MLP)), to predict flow stress in the hot deformation of an Al–Zn–Mg alloy. The ML methodology involves sequential steps from data extraction to cross-validation and hyperparameter tuning, which is conducted using the hyperopt library. Model performance is assessed using average absolute relative error (AARE), root-mean-squared error (RMSE), and mean squared error (MSE). The results show that ensemble methods (RF, GB, XGB) and neural networks outperform traditional regression methods, demonstrating superior predictive accuracy. Visualization using half-violin plots reveals the models' error ranges, with XGB consistently exhibiting the best performance. SVR, RF, GB, XGB, ANN, and MLP showed better performance than the Arrhenius model in the context of AARE and MSE metrics. Interestingly, SVR had a somewhat higher AARE of 1.89% and an MSE of 0.251 MPa2, while XGB had the lowest AARE of 0.2% and the lowest MSE of 0.011 MPa2. When ML models were evaluated using the skill score in relation to the Arrhenius model, XGB scored higher than the support vector machine (SVM) at 0.714, with a score of 0.986. In contrast, Lasso and Ridge exhibited negative scores of −0.847 and −0.456, respectively.
A Survey Evaluating the Relationship Between the Perceived Side Effects of Hormonal Contraception and Physical Activity Levels in Adult U.S. Women
Authors: Cabre Hannah E. , Moore Sam R. , Smith-Ryan Abbie E. 
Published: November 2024

Objective: Nearly all females use some form of contraception in their lifetimes, making hormonal contraception (HC) a prevalent hormonal landscape. The purpose of this survey was to characterize the prevalence of HC use and the associated perceived side effects in active U.S. adult females. Study Design: Six hundred seventy active adult females between ages 18 and 52 years living in the United States (age = 30.7 ± 8.1 years; body mass index = 25.4 ± 5.5 kg/m2) completed an online questionnaire based on previously validated assessments to characterize menstrual cycle, prevalence of HC use, perceived side effects, and physical activity. Physical activity was reported in minutes over 7 days and converted into metabolic equivalent-minutes per week. Data are reported as descriptive statistics and proportions; Pearson’s chi-squared analyses were used to examine the relationships between categorical variables. Results: Overall, 65.2% of females reported using HC. Combined oral contraceptives were most commonly used (48.3%), followed by intrauterine devices (40.7%). Compared with non-HC users, HC users reported a significantly lower occurrence of premenstrual syndrome (65.7% vs. 54.0%, respectively; p = .004). Compared with the prevalence of perceived negative side effects, HC users reported a higher prevalence of perceived positive side effects. Progestin-only HC users reported significantly more perceived negative side effects than combination HC users (58.2% vs. 48.5%, respectively; p = .042). The physical activity level did not appear to influence perceived side effects. Conclusions: HC use in females remains very high. HC users reported a higher number of perceived positive side effects compared with perceived negative side effects; the type of HC method may impact the perceived side effects.
Identifying potential introduced and natural sources of pollution in Delaware watersheds
Authors: Bowen Malique , Main Christopher R. , Farag Ibrahim F. , Biddle Jennifer F. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Managing water quality with microbial impairment caused by
Enterococcus
poses unique challenges regarding the determination of fecal host origin. Most water monitoring is performed based on
Enterococcus
counts that neither detect the location of the introduction of pollution nor identify the type of contaminating
Enterococcus
. The use of sequenced-based microbial source tracking could allow for identification of fecal origin and potential remediation of pollution. The state of Delaware has numerous waterways with high microbial impairment from unknown sources, so we used sequence-based microbial source tracking to investigate potential microbial pollution in three watersheds with significant variation in land use and population density. In this study, we use a 16S rRNA sequence reference library of microbial communities from relevant fecal sources (wild animal, domestic animal, sediment, and septic/wastewater) to determine the most likely sources of microbial impairment in three Delaware watersheds. This study assigned sources of microbial contamination to mostly human-related sources (septic and wastewater) or unknown sources indicating that waste infrastructure may have a larger influence on microbial community structure in Delaware watersheds than previously considered. Our results suggest that long-term source tracking is valuable for ruling out native or domesticated animals as contributors to water pollution.

IMPORTANCE
Traditional microbial pollution monitoring utilizes specific fecal indicator bacteria that need to grow in the laboratory for detection. Here, we show the use of sequence information from whole microbial communities and an expanded reference library in microbial source tracking. Expanding the host detection range by including the whole microbial community may allow for a wider range of potential fecal origin identification even when specific fecal indicators are absent or in low concentration. We show that many Delaware waterways bear the signature of human influence compared to natural sources. In addition, the robust reference library built in this study can be used to conduct source tracking studies in the mid-Atlantic USA.
Simulation of blood flow in a tapered artery with ternary hybrid nanofluid and Jeffrey model
Authors: Elsaid Essam M. 
Published: November 2024

This research simulates flow of blood in a tapered peristaltic artery integrating ternary hybrid nanofluid using the Jeffrey fluid model. The simulation examines the effects of Au, Fe3O4, and Ag nanoparticles on the flow. The artery, modeled as a peristaltic channel, is subjected to nonlinear thermal radiation, magnetic forces, and heat source. The problem is formulated using non-linear Cartesian partial differential equations, which are then transformed into dimensionless form without approximations. Adomian Decomposition Method (ADM) is employed to solve these equations, revealing how normal and shear stress, normal and axial velocities, induced magnetic fields, and temperature profiles vary with changes in relevant parameters. Additionally, biological factors are considered to graph streamlines, providing a comprehensive analysis of the flow dynamics. Some notable results include that adding ternary nanoparticles increases the Nusselt number by 26.03% in Newtonian fluids and 158.69% in Jeffrey fluids, and increasing tapering parameters and wavenumber improves axial and normal velocities, heat transfer, and flow complexity.
Abstract 4136995: Veterans Affairs (VA) Lipid Optimization Reimagined Quality Improvement Program (VALOR-QI) in Veterans with Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) at the San Juan VA
Authors: Alcocer Loriany , Rodriguez-Ospina Luis 
Published: November 2024

ASCVD is the principal cause of morbidity and mortality for Veterans in the VA Healthcare System. San Juan VA is one of 50 VA sites participating in a national quality improvement initiative called the VALOR QI: VA Lipid Optimization Reimagined Quality Improvement Project. Is a collaborative project between the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and the American Heart Association (AHA) with the goal of positively impacting Veterans’ cardiovascular (CV) health. VA sites work with an AHA QI consultant to develop and deploy a local quality improvement plan to help overcome site specific barriers preventing Veterans from achieving optimal cholesterol levels. The program’s objectives include improving clinical pathways and processes to impact ASCVD management through a Learning Healthcare System model of quality improvement designed to improve the management of dyslipidemia among those with high-risk ASCVD.
The hypothesis is that patients who are part of the VALOR QI program will be more successful in reaching LDL-C target. This will help to reduce the risk of ASCVD and mortality for the patients, promoting better management of lipid levels through medications, diet and regular monitoring.
As part of the methodology, the patients are enrolled to the program using the criteria of Veterans > 18 years of age with diagnosis of ASCVD and LDL-C > 70 mg/dl or non-HDL > 100 mg/dl. The Healthcare Coach has a full track of their lipid medications, assists the patients with refills, provides educational materials, follows up with their clinical appointments, and emphasizes the importance of having a good compliance with therapy, appointments and diets to maintain the target of LDL-C. Once the patient starts with a new lipid medication, they are followed in 3 months with labs. After reaching the target the patient is followed up closely in 6 months with labs to prevent relapse.
The VALOR QI Program started at VA San Juan in June 2023 and, as of May 30, 2024, had directly engaged 282 Hispanic patients. 111 (39.4%) achieved target LDL-C; 268 (95%) have any statin use; 117 (41.5%) are on any non-statin lipid-lowering therapy (LLT); 116 (41%) are on statin plus LLT; 25 (8.9%) are on PCSK9, and 133 (47.2%) received educational materials. In conclusion, this initiative led to target LDL levels in 39% of patients which represents a significant population. As this program is further implemented in our institution, we expect improvement in patient outcomes and prognosis.
Abstract 4140136: Aortic Valve Calcification Density Performs Better Compared to Absolute Aortic Valve Calcification in Aortic Stenosis Risk Stratification
Authors: Ahmad Syed , Watson HangYu , Awad Maan , Patel Kunal , Nassar Sameh , Thyagaturu Harshith , Balla Sudarshan , Kawsara Mohammad , Daggubati Ramesh , Zeb Irfan 
Published: November 2024

Aortic valve calcification (AVC) scores can be used to stratify aortic stenosis (AS) severity. Current practice guidelines recommend use of absolute AVC scores without considering body surface area or aortic annulus size. We investigated whether size variation in aortic annular area should be considered in identifying optimal AVC cutoffs for patients with severe AS.
This was a retrospective analysis of AS patients that underwent AVC assessment during 2018-2023. Outcomes were composite of valve intervention or all-cause mortality. AVC density was defined by dividing AVC by echo-derived left ventricular tract area. Receiver operator curve analysis determined optimal AVC density scores. Absolute AVC cutoffs of >1200AU for females and >2000AU for males were used to identify severe AS.

The study included 749 patients (mean age 78 years, 46% female). Median CT-annulus area was larger for males compared with females (532mm
2
[Q1, Q3: 479, 582] vs. 413mm
2
[370, 458], p<0.001). There was a strong association of absolute AVC with CT-annulus area for both males and females (Spearman coefficient: 0.87 and 0.83, p<0.01 each) respectively (Figure 1). The optimal AVC density cutoffs for males and females were 427 and 326, respectively (accuracy 76%, sensitivity 83%, specificity 51%). Composite outcomes were better differentiated with AVC density (males: HR 2.48, 95% CI: 1.82-3.37, p<0.001; females: HR 2.37 (1.71-3.28), p<0.001) compared with absolute AVC scores (males: HR 1.81 (1.43-2.30), p<0.001; females: HR 2.11 (1.62-2.74), p<0.001) (Figure 2).

AVC is strongly associated with CT-annulus area and risk stratification is improved with the use of AVC density compared with absolute AVC. This may be especially helpful in patients with extremes of annulus area sizes.