bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quaternary structural convergence and structural diversification of prion assemblies at the early replication stage
Authors: Igel-Egalon Angélique , Laferrière Florent , Moudjou Mohammed , Merzach Mathieu , Knäpple Tina , Herzog Laetitia , Reine Fabienne , Doumic Marie , Rezaei Human , Béringue Vincent 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAggregation of misfolded forms from host-encoded proteins is key to the pathogenesis of a number of neurodegenerative disorders, including prion diseases, Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. In prion diseases, the cellular prion protein PrPCcan misfold into PrPScand auto-organize into conformationally distinct assemblies or strains. A plethora of observations reports the existence of PrPScstructural heterogeneity within prion strains, suggesting the emergence and coevolution of structurally distinct PrPScassemblies during prion replication in controlled environment. Such PrPScdiversification processes remain poorly understood. Although central to prion host-adaptation, structural diversification of PrPScassemblies is also a key issue for the formation of PrP conformers involved in neuronal injury. Here, we characterized the evolution of the PrPScquaternary structure during prion replicationin vivoand inbona fidecell-free amplification assays. Regardless of the strain studied, the early replication stage conduced to the preferential formation of small PrPScoligomers, thus highlighting a quaternary structural convergence phenomenon. Their evolutionary kinetics revealed the existence of a PrPC-dependent secondary templating pathway in concert with a structural rearrangement. This secondary templating pathway provides, for the first time, a mechanistic explanation for prion structural diversification during replication, a key determinant for prion adaptation on further transmission, including to other host species. The uncovered processes are also key for a better understanding of the accumulation mechanisms of other misfolded assemblies believed to propagate by a prion-like process.
Translation and cross-cultural adaptation to Portuguese of The Patient- And Nutrition-Derived Outcome Risk Assessment Score (PANDORA)
Authors: de Lima Juliana B. , Campos Marina B. , Ribeiro Lays S. , Taboada Maria I. S. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntroductionHospital malnutrition presents alarming rates and is characterized as an independent risk factor for mortality. Hospital mortality has been studied as an important indicator of the quality of care. In this sense, the Patient- And Nutrition-Derived Outcome Risk Assessment Score (PANDORA) was created, seeking to associate the nutritional status and in-patients’ illness data with the risk of death within 30 days. The study aimed to perform the translation, cross-cultural adaptation to Portuguese and application of an instrument of identification of mortality risk in the hospital setting.MethodsA crosssectional study was carried out in a university hospital in the city of Goiania-GO, Brazil, in 2018. A translation and adaptation of the PANDORA instrument was carried out and it was applied to hospitalized patients to evaluate their power to predict mortality.ResultsFifty-four 54 patients were included in the study, most of them female and 33% elderly. More than 16% of the sample presented low weight, which was positively associated with the occurrence of death. The prevalence of cancer was almost 80% and all patients who died had cancer. In the adjusted logistic regression analysis, it was verified that there was no association between the PANDORA score and death in hospitalized patients, however, there was a trend of association of sex and body mass index with death in these patients.ConclusionsIn this study, the PANDORA score was not able to predict death in the patients in our sample, but found significant association of low weight at admission with mortality. Further studies are needed for the validation of PANDORA in Portuguese.
Exploring diversity in sustainability assurance practice
Authors: Channuntapipat Charika , Samsonova-Taddei Anna , Turley Stuart 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to understand sustainability assurance (SA), and diversity in that practice, by examining assurance providers’ understandings of the practice and the influences that those understandings have on the actual assurance process. It focuses on the issues beyond the content of statements in SA reports.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper employs semi-structured interviews, supplemented by textual data sources. Research participants are assurance providers in the UK, including those within and outside the accounting profession. Drawing on the perspective of actor-network theory, the study focuses on the associations between different actors and how those shape the assurance practice.

Findings
The findings indicate that providers’ understandings of SA practice vary significantly. This variation has a major effect on how the assurance practice is conducted. The study identifies four types of SA engagements, which are designated as: social assurance, integrated assurance, formative assurance and compliance assurance. Such a categorization provides a broad-based understanding of the operationalization of SA and the degree of heterogeneity within it.

Originality/value
This paper extends the understanding of SA by focusing on the practice beyond the statements made by assurance providers, which have been the predominant focus of analysis in the existing literature, and by offering a categorization of the diversity in practice. The focus on the associations between assurance providers and other actors provides a new perspective for exploring the fundamentals of the practice.
Communicating shared vision and leadership styles towards enhancing performance
Authors: Mohd Adnan Siti Nur Syahirah , Valliappan Raju 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
Communicating vision of science and technology to inform and educate the nation is absolutely a way to expand science and technology literacy and promote industry growth. The scientific and progressive society has become one of the important agendas in realizing Malaysia to become a developed country. In line with the country’s agenda, this study focuses to discuss the concept of scientific and progressive society as stated in 2020 Vision and also to identify the gaps and challenges of the science and technology policies. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the relations between shared vision attributes and the effect of leadership styles of leaders within science and technology industry.

Design/methodology/approach
The study discuses about conceptual framework to analyze different leadership styles through the lenses of qualitative textual analysis and theoretically linked to shared-vision theory, leadership theories and performance theories.

Findings
The study identify gaps and challenges of the science and technology policies in Malaysia and proposed the conceptual framework with questioning the notion of shared vision as a principle theories, leadership styles and performance, significant to further assess the assumptions.

Originality/value
The study and its proposed framework is based on the literature reviews that may enhance knowledge and may help in identifying gaps in the policies of the science and technology industry in Malaysia.
The concept of market value in thin markets and its implications for international accounting rules (IFRS)
Authors: Lind Hans , Nordlund Bo 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to discuss how the concepts market value (MV) and exit price should be interpreted in thin markets and how accounting rules may need to change to take this into account.

Design/methodology/approach
This is a conceptual paper using hypothetical examples as a base for the conclusions.

Findings
In a thin market, actors can have rather different reservation prices. The price will then be set through bargaining and the agreed price could be considerable above the reservation price of the actor with the second highest reservation price. The exit price should then be below what the MV was before the transaction and below the entry price, and according to the current accounting rules, the value in the balance sheet should then be below the price paid. The authors’ experience is, however, that this rarely happens in practice.

Research limitations/implications
The limitation of the paper is that it is a conceptual paper and not based a systematic empirical study of accounting practices.

Practical implications
The results of the paper indicate that there is a need to revise the current accounting rules. Possible changes are discussed.

Originality/value
As far as the authors know, this is the first paper that looks at problems in the current value concepts related to differences in reservation prices in thin markets.
A discontinuous Galerkin method for seismic wave propagation in coupled elastic and poroelastic media
Authors: Zhang Yijie , Gao Jinghuai , Han Weimin , He Yanbin 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTNumerical simulation in coupled elastic and poroelastic media is important in oil and gas exploration. However, the interface between elastic and poroelastic media is a challenge to handle. In order to deal with the coupled model, the first‐order velocity–stress wave equations are used to unify the elastic and poroelastic wave equations. In addition, an arbitrary high‐order discontinuous Galerkin method is used to simulate the wave propagation in coupled elastic–poroelastic media, which achieves same order accuracy in time and space domain simultaneously. The interfaces between the two media are explicitly tackled by the Godunov numerical flux. The proposed forms of numerical flux can be used efficiently and conveniently to simulate the wave propagation at the interfaces of the coupled model and handle the absorbing boundary conditions properly. Numerical results on coupled elastic–poroelastic media with straight and curved interfaces are compared with those from a software that is based on finite element method and the interfaces are handled by boundary conditions, demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed scheme in dealing with coupled elastic–poroelastic media. In addition, the proposed method is used to simulate a more complex coupled model. The numerical results show that the proposed method is feasible to simulate the wave propagation in such a media and is easy to implement.
Bulk moduli and seismic attenuation in partially saturated rocks: hysteresis of liquid bridges effect
Authors: Rozhko Alexander Y. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTA key task of exploration geophysics is to find relationships between seismic attributes (velocities and attenuation) and fluid properties (saturation and pore pressure). Experimental data suggest that at least three different factors affect these relationships, which are not well explained by classical Gassmann, Biot, squirt‐flow, mesoscopic‐flow and gas dissolution/exsolution models. Some of these additional factors include (i) effect of wettability and surface tension between immiscible fluids, (ii) saturation history effects (drainage versus imbibition) and (iii) effects of wave amplitude and effective stress. We apply a new rock physics model to explain the role of all these additional factors on seismic properties of a partially saturated rock. The model is based on a well‐known effect in surface chemistry: hysteresis of liquid bridges. This effect is taking place in cracks, which are partially saturated with two immiscible fluids. Using our model, we investigated (i) physical factors affecting empirical Brie correlation for effective bulk modulus of fluid, (ii) the role of liquids on seismic attenuation in the low frequency (static) limit, (iii) water‐weakening effects and (iv) saturation history effects. Our model is applicable in the low frequency limit (seismic frequencies) when capillary forces dominate over viscous forces during wave‐induced two‐phase fluid flow. The model is relevant for the seismic characterization of immiscible fluids with high contrast in compressibilities, that is, for shallow gas exploration and CO2 monitoring.
Human trampling disturbance exerts different ecological effects at contrasting elevational range limits
Authors: Chardon Nathalie Isabelle , Rixen Christian , Wipf Sonja , Doak Daniel Forest 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Shifts in species geographic distributions in response to climate change have spurred numerous studies to determine which abiotic (e.g. climatic) and, less commonly, biotic (e.g. competitive) processes determine range limits. However, the impact of disturbances on range limits and their interactions with climatic and biotic effects is not well understood, despite their potential to alter competitive relationships between species or override climatic effects. Disturbance might have differential effects at contrasting range limits, based on Darwin's theory that biotic interactions set abiotically benign range limits and abiotic factors set abiotically stressful range limits.

We predicted that plants at lower elevation (abiotically benign) range limits experience a net positive effect of disturbance, whereas those at higher elevation (abiotically stressful) range limits experience a net neutral effect. We examined plant populations along elevational gradients in the Colorado Rocky Mountains, in order to quantify the effects of human trampling disturbance at lower and upper elevational range limits of the common alpine cushion plants Silene acaulis and Minuartia obtusiloba.

Our results are consistent with Darwin's theory. A disturbance‐mediated reduction of competitive effects increases the performance of cushion plants at lower elevations, suggesting a range limit set by biotic factors. At higher elevations, where biotic interactions are minimal, disturbance has neutral or negative effects on cushion plants.

Synthesis and applications. Human trampling disturbance exerts differential effects on alpine cushion plant populations at contrasting range limits, emphasizing the need to account for the effects of climate change into the management and conservation of disturbed areas. Disturbance can diminish plant–plant competitive interactions at lower elevational range limits, and thus possibly stabilize alpine species populations susceptible to climate change‐mediated encroachment by lower elevation species. Conservation and management approaches should therefore particularly account for the differential effects of disturbance across climatic gradients.
Cooperation in the Face of Conflict: Effects of Top Managers’ Trust Beliefs in their Firms’ Major Suppliers
Authors: Holtgrave Maximilian , Nienaber Ann‐Marie , Tzafrir Shay S. , Schewe Gerhard 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAs with any relationships, those between buying firms and their major suppliers are likely to experience situations of conflict. When facing such situations, top managers tend to approach conflict either cooperatively or competitively. However, when and why top managers tend towards cooperation or competition is far from clear. This study proposes a novel link between the theory of cooperation and competition and the discounting principle of attribution theory to argue that it is top managers’ trust beliefs in their firms’ major suppliers that influences their intended approach to conflict. Using survey data from 140 C‐level managers and business owners, the authors develop and test a model that differentiates between two attributional dimensions of trust (competence and goodwill) and the specific relational conditions that influence how these attributions operate. The results indicate that top managers’ trust in their suppliers’ competence and goodwill is, in fact, decisive in determining how they intend to approach conflict. Further, the authors demonstrate that a top manager's trust belief in the supplier's goodwill is of particular relevance in driving the top manager to cooperate in the face of conflict. However, this link seems to be contingent on the specific conditions of the buyer–supplier relationship in question.
BrowStExPlus: A Tool to Aggregate IndexedDB Artifacts for Forensic Analysis
Authors: Paligu Furkan , Kumar Avinash , Cho Hyuk , Varol Cihan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAs the Internet and World Wide Web have rapidly evolved and revolutionized the applications in everyday life, it is a demanding challenge for investigators to keep up with the emerging technologies for forensic analyses. Investigating web browser usages for criminal activities, also known as web browser forensics, is a significant part of digital forensics as crucial browsing information of the suspect can be discovered. Particularly, in this study, an emerging web storage technology, called IndexedDB, is examined. Characteristics of IndexedDB technology in five major web browsers under three major operating systems are scrutinized. Also, top 15 US websites ranked by Alexa are investigated for their data storage in IndexedDB. User screen names, ids, and records of conversations, permissions, and image locations are some of the data found in IndexedDB. Furthermore, BrowStEx, a proof‐of‐concept tool previously developed, is extended and cultivated into BrowStExPlus, with which aggregating IndexedDB artifacts is demonstrated.
Ruptured Syphilitic Aneurysm: A Cause of Sudden Death in a Man with Human Immunodeficiency Coinfection
Authors: Ro Ayako , Mori Shinjirou , Kageyama Norimasa , Chiba Shoetsu , Mukai Toshiji 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSyphilis, a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema palladium, is experiencing a worldwide resurgence. The risk of syphilis infection is particularly high in men who have sex with men (MSM), especially those who are human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐positive. Untreated syphilis can lead to rare but severe late‐stage complications, including syphilitic aortitis. Herein, we present an autopsy case of a ruptured thoracic aneurysm that resulted from an undetected case of syphilitic aortitis in an HIV‐positive Japanese MSM with undiagnosed syphilis. Although no syphilitic skin lesions were observed on the body, anatomical changes consistent with a syphilitic etiology were present at the site of the rupture, including medial aortic scarring with “tree‐bark”‐like atherosclerotic plaque. In addition, heart blood was positive for T. palladium in a latex agglutination test. This case highlights for forensic pathologists the importance of recognizing syphilis as a possible underlying cause of sudden death among HIV‐positive MSM.
Comparison of emergency physiotherapy practitioner prescribers versus existing emergency department prescribers for musculoskeletal injuries
Authors: Gridley Katherine , Strudwick Kirsten , Pink Edward , Nelson Mark 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe scope of selected emergency physiotherapy practitioners (EPP) in this Australian non‐tertiary ED has recently extended to include the prescription of a limited drug formulary, including paracetamol, some NSAIDs and opioids, an anti‐emetic, a benzodiazepine and nitrous oxide. Although there are large‐scale studies investigating prescription errors made by doctors, there is a lack of data on prescribing practices of physiotherapists in the ED setting. The aim of present study is to compare the prescribing practices of EPP to their medical and nursing colleagues within the setting of treating musculoskeletal injuries in the ED.MethodsOne hundred retrospective National Inpatient Medication Chart (NIMC) audits of adult patients presenting primarily with musculoskeletal complaints were undertaken using the standardised NIMC audit tool, with patient demographics, and NIMC audit results compared between groups.ResultsFifty medication charts were audited for each group, with a total of 212 drug orders. EPP demonstrated higher completion rates for patient identification, patient weight and medication history compared to medical and nursing staff. Legibility of drug names and route of administration appeared equivalent, whereas EPP had higher completion rates for legible drug doses and signatures compared to medical and nursing staff.ConclusionIn the management of ED patients with musculoskeletal complaints, prescription‐trained EPP appear to perform similarly if not better than their medical and nursing colleagues with regards to NIMC audit tool results.
Increased Phenolic Compounds in Potato Chips Vacuum Impregnated with Green Tea
Authors: Lopez Silvia V. , Moreira Rosana G. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis studied tested the feasibility of producing vacuum fried potato chips enriched with antioxidants by introducing green tea extract using vacuum impregnation (VI) technology. Total phenolic content (TPC) was used to find the optimal VI parameters. Sliced potatoes were fried under vacuum at 110, 120, or 140 °C from 20 to 720 s to test the thermal degradability of the TPC. Three frying systems were also compared: vacuum frying (VF), dual‐step (DS) frying, and atmospheric frying (AF). Green tea concentration of 5%, vacuum time of 10 min, and a pressure of 80 kPa gave the maximum TPC of 196.11 ± 15.41 mg GAE/100 g of dry matter. Samples fried at 120 °C showed an overall greater phenolic retention capacity compared to the chips fried at 140 and 110 °C. Using the optimal VI and VF parameters (140 °C, 100 s), the three frying systems were then compared. Samples fried using the AF system contained twice as much the oil content as those fried using the VF or DS systems. VF chips had the highest percentage in TPC increase (209%) while AF chips had the lowest (163%). A consumer panel found the samples fried under AF more acceptable and were given the highest scores for all quality. VI had a negative effect on the color scoring of the participants (they were dark). Overall, VI is a suitable precursor of VF to create potato chips with a high phenolic content.Practical ApplicationVacuum impregnated potato chips with green tea extract have potential for manufacture of functional snacks that may influence the public into consuming phenol‐rich fruit and vegetable snack.
Domain‐specific cognitive dysfunction after cardiac surgery. A secondary analysis of a randomized trial
Authors: Vedel Anne G. , Holmgaard Frederik , Siersma Volkert , Langkilde Annika , Paulson Olaf B. , Ravn Hanne B. , Nilsson Jens Chr. , Rasmussen Lars S. 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundBrain injury and cognitive dysfunction are serious complications after cardiac surgery. In the perfusion pressure cerebral infarcts (PPCI) trial, we allocated cardiac surgery patients to a mean arterial pressure of either 70‐80 mm Hg (high‐target) or 40‐50 mm Hg (low‐target) during cardiopulmonary bypass. In this secondary analysis, we aimed to assess potential differences in domain‐specific patterns of cognitive deterioration between allocation groups and to investigate any associations of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) with diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI)‐detected brain lesions.MethodsOf the 197 patients randomized in the PPCI trial, 89 in the low‐target group and 80 in the high‐target group had complete DWI datasets, and 92 and 80 patients had complete data for an evaluation of cognitive function at discharge respectively. Cognitive function was assessed prior to surgery, at discharge and at 3 months. DWI was obtained at baseline and on postoperative days 3 to 6.ResultsWe found no statistically significant differences between the two groups when comparing the proportion of patients with a domain‐specific deterioration over the pre‐defined critical level in seven individual test variables at discharge. Significant deterioration was most common in tests thought to assess cognitive flexibility and interference susceptibility and least common in the memory test. POCD at discharge was more frequent in patients with DWI‐positive brain lesions (OR adjusted for age and group allocation: 2.24 [95% CI 1.48‐3.00], P = 0.036).ConclusionsDomain‐specific patterns of POCD were comparable between groups. A significant association was seen between DWI‐positive brain lesions and POCD.