bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4147496: Lack of CD8 T Cells impacts cerebral perfusion and cognitive function without altering cerebral vascular reactivity
Authors: Pacella Jacopo , Pallante Fabio , Fardella Valentina , Migliaccio Agnese , Carnevale Daniela , Lembo Giuseppe , Carnevale Lorenzo 
Published: November 2024

It is well known the role of CD8 T cells in the onset hypertension and associated injury. We and others have recently shown the role of CD8 in hypertensive cerebral vascular damage, mediated by the secretion of interferon gamma leading to capillary rarefaction in both cortex and white matter and loss of cognitive functions. Thus, our aim was to explore whether CD8 can exert a physiological role in the cerebral vasculature in absence of any cardiovascular challenge.
We assessed advanced neuroimaging and behavioural phenotyping in mice lacking CD8 T cells (CD8 KO) and matched wildtype controls (CD8 WT). We performed perfusion imaging of the brain by 7T MRI to evaluate the cerebral blood flow, Morris water maze (MWM) test and Novel Object Recognition (NOR) to evaluate learning and memory function. The reactivity of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) was also analyzed by pressure myography.
CD8 KO showed a slight but significant hypoperfusion in the cerebral cortex (Figure A, ANOVA F on genotype effect F=13.58, p=0.0042), paired with a slower learning capability shown at MWM (Figure B, ANOVA F on genotype effect F=8.561, p=0.0104), and worse recognition capabilities at NOR (Figure C, t=2.537, p=0.0442). To understand whether the impact of CD8 cells on CBF was associated with abnormal cerebral vascular tone we evaluated MCA myogenic tone, evidencing no differences between CD8 WT and KO mice (Figure D).
Our results shown that the presence of CD8 T cells is crucial for an adequate cerebral perfusion and such a condition realizes a cognitive dysfunction. This phenotype is independent of any cardiovascular challenge and of alteration of cerebral myogenic tone.
Abstract 4147923: Role of Adipocyte Circadian Rhythm in the Exacerbation of Diabetic Ischemic Heart injury
Authors: Tan Huilan , Wu Yalin , Zhao Jianli , Shila Taslima Akter , liu yanwen , Zhang John , Wyatt Kayleigh , Mahmoud Amr , Ma Xinliang-Xin , Young Martin E , Wang Yajing 
Published: November 2024

Diabetes worsens myocardial infarction (MI) pathologic progress, termed diabetic exacerbation of ischemic heart failure (IHF), with mechanisms and effective therapies remaining poorly understood. Circadian rhythm (CR) disruption is associated with heart failure, but its impact on diabetic IHF has not been studied. Adipocytes involve in maintaining physiological homeostasis and exhibit diurnal oscillations. However, the effects of circadian rhythm disruption on adipocyte dysfunction and diabetic IHF are unclear.
Adult C57BL6J mice and adipose tissue-specific BMAL1 (master circadian gene) knockout (ABK) adult C57BL6J mice were used as a diabetes model with a high-fat diet (HFD) fed for 12 weeks, and a normal diet (ND) as control. Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R) injury was induced at Zeitgeber Time 12 (ZT12) in diabetic and ABK animals. Cardiac function assay revealed that, following MI/R, diabetic mice at ZT12 showed a significant worsening of cardiac ejection fraction (EF) (-5.2±2.2%), fractional shortening (FS), left ventricular radial strain (-4.5%±1.83), longitudinal strain, and radial (-1.31 ±0.54 1/s) and longitudinal strain rates. Mechanistically, the role of adipose circadian oscillation was investigated in ABK animals. Loss of BMAL1 in adipose tissue resulted in an increased cardiac injury, and further reduction of cardiac function in diabetic ABK animals on ZT12. Moreover, myocardial infarction was observed to be enlarged at ZT12 in the diabetic MI/R group compared to the ABK post-MI/R group, as indicated by TTC/Evans blue stain. This finding was further supported by TUNEL staining assays (cardiomyocyte apoptosis). Western blot analysis revealed an upregulation of apoptosis-related proteins, including cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9, in the diabetic MI/R group at ZT12. Meanwhile, BMAL1 insufficiency (ABK) led to an increase in cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9, with further augmentation observed in diabetic ABK animals post MI/R. Additionally, the amount of EVs was significantly increased at ZT12 in diabetic mice, whereas this phenomenon was not observed in ABK animals.
Our study suggests that disrupted circadian rhythms in adipose tissue promoted heart dysfunction and diabetic exacerbation of ischemic heart failure (IHF). Moreover, we propose that BMAL1 may alter adipose tissue EVs profiles to communicate with cardiomyocytes, with potential implications for improving therapeutic approaches for diabetes-related cardiomyopathy.
Abstract Sa105: Comparing of the pre-hospital advanced airway managements in cardiac arrest : Supraglottic airway vs. Direct laryngoscope vs. Video Laryngoscope
Authors: KIM MINWOO , Park Jeong Ho , Shin Sang Do , Song Kyoung , Ro Young Sun , Hong Kijeong , Jeong Joo , Kim Tae Han , Kim Ki Hong , Kim Yoonjic , Choi Yeongho , LEE Stephen Gyung Won , Choi Seulki 
Published: November 2024

After the implemetation of special emergency services, advanced airway management(AAM) in cardiac arrest has been tried actively. We aim to compare the success rates and patient outcomes of supraglottic airway(SGA), endotracheal intubation with direct laryngoscope(ETI with DL), and endotracheal intubation with video laryngoscope(ETI with VL) in patients with sudden cardiac arrest, and evaluate the effectiveness of the video laryngoscope in the pre-hospital stage.
This study was conducted on cardiac arrest patients who transferred to ED by EMS from July 2019 to December 2021. Using the Korean OHCA registry, EMS ambulance runsheet, and cardiac arrest in-depth registry, patients with sudden cardiac arrest over 18 years old, caused by medical cause, and who were treated by the special EMS team at the site and got AAM were enrolled. Cases with unknown information on AAM success or time of arrival/death were excluded. Pre-hospital ROSC, 72 hr survival, survival to discharge, good neurological outcome were compared among SGA, ETI with DL and ETI with VL using multivariable logistic regression. Initial AAM success and final success rates were also compared.
10,587 cases were enrolled in the study, of which 9379 cases got SGA, 493 ETI with DL, and 985 ETI with VL. In the first attempt, the insertion success rate is higher with SGA, but the overall success is higher with VL. For any prehospital ROSC, compared to SGA, ETI with DL was 1.33 (1.00-1.75), and ETI with VL was 1.92 (1.57-2.34). Compared to SGA, aOR for survival within 72 hours was 1.13 (0.81-1.56), 1.34 (1.06-1.70), survival to discharge was 1.05 (0.64-1.65), 1.06 (0.74-1.49), and good neurological outcome was 0.64 (0.31-1.25), 1.17(0.71-1.86) in ETI with DL or ETI with VL respectively. Compared to the SGA, aOR of the initial success was 0.44 (0.32-0.61) and 0.48 (0.38-0.62) in the ETI with DL and ETI with VL groups, respectively, and the final success rate was 0.78 (0.45-1.44), 1.14 (0.72-1.94).
Endotracheal intubation in EMS showed the lower initial success rate than SGA, but when using a video-laryngoscope, the final success rate rises to a sufficiently similar level, and the pre-hospital ROSC success rate is higher than that of SGA.
Abstract Sa1207: Reducing Socioeconomic Disparities in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrests in Denmark through 30-minute, Cost-free Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Courses
Authors: Knudsen Emma-Emilie , Malta Hansen Carolina , Folke Fredrik , Pervez Sheikh Annam , Ersbøll Annette Kjær , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Juul Grabmayr Anne 
Published: November 2024

Background:
The Danish Heart Foundation has offered 30-minute, cost-free, and easily accessible Save-a-Life courses to disseminate CPR training since 2017.

Research Question:
Can Save-a-Life courses effectively reach neighbourhoods with low socioeconomic status and reduce socioeconomic disparities in OHCA?

Aim:
To investigate the distribution of Save-a-Life courses according to area-level educational or income status.

Methods:
We included Save-a-Life courses in residential areas in Denmark (2017-2023). Save-a-Life courses were geocoded using QGIS3 and merged with demographic data organized within 100x100 meter grid cells from the Danish Grid System (2020). Data were provided by the Danish Heart Foundation and Statistics Denmark. Socioeconomic status was assessed by 1) area-level educational status, defined as the percentage of inhabitants with primary or lower secondary school as their highest education (High: 0-25%, Middle: 25-50%, Low: 50-100%), and 2) area-level income status, defined as mean household income divided into quartiles (High, Upper-middle, Lower-middle, Low). We compared course participation (participants/1,000 inhabitants) by educational or income status using a Poisson regression model, presented as risk ratio (RR). Educational status was adjusted for age and ethnicity, while income status was adjusted for age, educational status, and ethnicity.

Results:
A total of 9,123 Save-a-Life courses with 84,641 participants were included, covering 426,225 grid cells with 5,814,763 inhabitants. Areal-level characteristics and distribution of Save-a-Life courses are shown in Tables 1 and 2.

Areas with high educational status had 14 participants/1,000 inhabitants (RR=1, reference); middle had 18 participants/1,000 inhabitants (RR=1.26, 95% CI 1.23-1.28); and low had 23 participants/1,000 inhabitants (RR=1.32, 95% CI 1.24-1.4).
Areas with high income status had 14 participants/1,000 inhabitants (RR=1, reference), upper-middle had 12 participants/1,000 inhabitants (RR=0.84, 95% CI 0.82-0.86), lower-middle had 13 participants/1,000 inhabitants (RR=0.83, 95% CI 0.81-0.84), and low had 16 participants/1,000 inhabitants (RR=1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.05).

Conclusion:
Areas with low educational or income status had higher course participation compared to high-status areas. This indicates that the distribution strategy for Save-a-Life courses effectively reach neighborhoods with low socioeconomic status, potentially mitigating socioeconomic disparities in OHCA.
Abstract Sa1208: Survive and Thrive: Implementing a Post Cardiac Arrest Workflow in a Rural Regional Hospital
Authors: Gibbons Jacqueline , Nelson Andrea , Galligan Katelyn , Ohnstad Ryan , Ogundeji Shawna , Corser Joseph 
Published: November 2024

Throughout the world, neurologically intact survival to discharge remains low. The Joint Commission (TJC) released post resuscitation requirements in January of 2022. Sanford Bemidji reviewed options that would meet the TJC requirements: Transfer the patient or develop a novel way to meet those needs in the current setting. With the latter, the positive impact on patients is significant in that they receive a high care level of care close to home without delay in care.
Sanford Bemidji Medical Center is a rural regional 118-bed hospital in Minnesota with a 14-bed Intensive Care unit. We are unique in that despite our size we serve a large regional footprint of over 100,000 people including three Native American reservations. Our objective was to utilize evidence based guidelines to implement a post cardiac arrest care (PCAC) workflow for adult cardiac arrest patients who obtain return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) by end of first quarter 2023. The project incorporated low cost equipment and staff training. We used the Plan, Do, Study, Act cycle for our methodology. The outcome metric was neurologically intact survival to hospital discharge. Process metrics included placement and use of the ROSC order set, fever avoidance, rapid EEG completed, MAP over 65, and oxygen saturations of 92-98%. Sixty-one adult patients (both in hospital and out of hospital) suffered cardiac arrest at Sanford Bemidji in the 9 months following project implementation in 2023. Demographics included 3 native americans and 2 caucasians, ages 57-73, 3 males and 2 females. Our overall survival rate remained above the national average. For the few patients who met criteria for ROSC interventions, 4 of 5 (80%) received the ROSC interventions, 2 of 4 (50%) survived hospital to discharge neurologically intact. Results showed an increase in maintaining optimal MAP from 81% in 2022 to 100% in 2023 and achieving oxygen saturation parameters 80% of the time in 2023 compared to 66% in 2022. Real time monitoring and coaching of the order set is needed to increase utilization of the order set in full (fever avoidance was at 20% and rapid EEG completed in 40% of cases with a goal of 100% for both).
More data is needed to ascertain the outcomes of a ROSC workflow in like sized hospitals with similar resources. The novelty of this innovative project is in the implementation of an evidence based PCAC workflow in a 118-bed rural hospital giving all cardiac arrest patients a chance for a full recovery.
Abstract Sa406: Stayin’ Alive: Establishing a Rhythm With Resuscitation Data
Authors: Quindipan Christine , Antiporda Michelle , de Haas Natalie , Solorzano Beanet , Marshall Peter , Rivera Bessie 
Published: November 2024

An interprofessional care model was implemented in 2020 to improve CPR care outcomes based on AHA’s Get With the Guidelines (GWTG) – Resuscitation program. The program provided measures ensuring high-quality care was delivered during cardiopulmonary arrests (CPA). Compliance required >85% for all four measures, which included: confirmation of airway, time to first shock ≤2 minutes for VF/pulseless VT, time to IV/IO epinephrine ≤5 minutes for asystole/PEA, and percent of pulseless cardiac events monitored. Keck Hospital of USC had lost its GWTG award status several years prior to the establishment of the interprofessional team, which consisted of a Physician Champion, CNS, RN Quality Specialist, LVN Quality Data Abstractors and the director of HIM.
The primary goals of the team were to improve the workflow of data collection, standardize documentation, and ultimately increase compliance of the measures.
The Lean Six Sigma methodology was applied revealing gaps in data collection. HIM and Quality collaborated in developing a systematic method to improve electronic data availability. To decrease documentation variations, the CNS revised CPA forms and the Physician Champion created a standardized electronic Code Blue summary template. Once collected, data was systematically analyzed by the Quality team members to ensure data accuracy and to highlight areas of opportunities for improvement. Findings were then presented on a quarterly basis during the Critical Care and Resuscitation committees chaired by the CNS and Physician Champion.
Additionally, the CNS implemented evidence-based practices which included assigning code roles to ICU personnel, educating ICU staff, performing monthly mock codes, and completing weekly reviews of CPA forms that included communicating documentation discrepancies to clinicians.
Since the implementation of the team, sustained efforts have succeeded in improving resuscitation care outcomes. Substantial progression was evident in the time to first shock and confirmation of airway measures. In 2020, the hospital had a 69.2% compliancy rate for time to first shock. By 2022, we were performing at 89.5%. For confirmation of airway, we began at 72.4% in 2020; and within one year was at a 95.5% compliancy rate. This achievement continued into 2022 with a rate of 94.9%. Lastly, we achieved >85% compliancy for all four measures receiving AHA’s Gold Award for outstanding performance for two consecutive years (2022&2023).
Group-common and individual-specific effects of structure–function coupling in human brain networks with graph neural networks
Authors: Chen Peiyu , Yang Hang , Zheng Xin , Jia Hai , Hao Jiachang , Xu Xiaoyu , Li Chao , He Xiaosong , Chen Runsen , Okubo Tatsuo S. , Cui Zaixu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The human cerebral cortex is organized into functionally segregated but synchronized regions bridged by the structural connectivity of white matter pathways. While structure–function coupling has been implicated in cognitive development and neuropsychiatric disorders, it remains unclear to what extent the structure–function coupling reflects a group-common characteristic or varies across individuals, at both the global and regional brain levels. By leveraging two independent, high-quality datasets, we found that the graph neural network accurately predicted unseen individuals’ functional connectivity from structural connectivity, reflecting a strong structure–function coupling. This coupling was primarily driven by network topology and was substantially stronger than that of the correlation approaches. Moreover, we observed that structure–function coupling was dominated by group-common effects, with subtle yet significant individual-specific effects. The regional group and individual effects of coupling were hierarchically organized across the cortex along a sensorimotor-association axis, with lower group and higher individual effects in association cortices. These findings emphasize the importance of considering both group and individual effects in understanding cortical structure–function coupling, suggesting insights into interpreting individual differences of the coupling and informing connectivity-guided therapeutics.
‘It was painful then, but I can laugh about it now’
Authors: Ndiang’ui Peter , Aydin Hasan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study investigated the lived experiences of 11 teachers who immigrated recently from four African countries to teach in Florida schools. The study explored their perceptions, expectations, lived experiences and realities during their first year of teaching in US public schools in south-west Florida. In this qualitative, phenomenological research design, using field notes and in-depth individual semistructured interviews with the immigrant teachers, three themes emerged from the thematic analysis. These were: 1) challenges facing immigrant teachers from African countries during their first year of teaching; 2) adaptation to a completely different culture and the related culture shock; and 3) support from their employers (the school district) and local communities.
The King’s House or the Tyrant’s Palace? Rethinking Persia in Herodotus’s History
Authors: Reising Matthew K. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article contributes to the scholarly movement beyond rigid classifications of East and West by arguing that the Persia of Herodotus’s History, commonly understood to be a tyrannical regime, possessed both external and internal freedom. It was once common to argue that, for Herodotus, internal freedom was the exclusive purview of the Greeks. Recent scholarship has shown that Herodotus laced the History with several incriminating parallels between Greek and Barbarian political practices, thereby casting doubt on the claim that Herodotus uncritically supported Greek supremacy. This article reverses that method and argues, contrary to previous scholarship, that Herodotus offers several indications in the History that he knew Persia was a politically free regime. By examining the three prominent theories on the ancient definition of tyranny and showing their inapplicability to Persian government, I offer an even-handed defense of Persia that neither excuses real cruelty nor condemns without justification.
Socratic Contempt for Wealth in Plato’s Republic
Authors: Townsend Mary 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In the Republic, Plato’s Socrates argues that the wealthy feel contempt for the poor, and the poor feel hatred for the rich. But why is Socrates, leading a life of scandalous poverty, without taking wages for philosophical work, an exception to this rule? Instead of hatred, envy, or no emotion at all, Socrates consistently treats wealth and the wealthy with ridicule and kataphronēsis – active looking-down or contempt – while meditating on the temptation of the poor to appropriate the excess flesh of the wealthy (Resp. 556d). It is contempt that allows Socrates to remain free and wageless, away from the tempting distortion wealth has on the soul (Resp. 330c, 554a–b). Socrates therefore insists his philosopher-kings should be paid only in food, the same reward he proposes for himself in the Apology. Instead of securing freedom from murderous epithumia through moderate property, Socrates implies only contemptuous poverty can safeguard a philosophic life.
Benefits for peer educators in delivering wellbeing education to agricultural students
Authors: Hay Amanda , Stanley-Clarke Nicky , Winder Louise , Maris Robbie , Andrews Chris , Knook Jorie 
Published: November 2024

Background: Effectively supporting and promoting mental health education for at-risk populations is crucial. In New Zealand, risks in relation to the suicide for young farm labourers, alongside the stress associated with the transition to university and the vulnerability of rural communities, place agricultural students in a vulnerable position. The use of peer educators has been identified as an important way of building connections in health and wellbeing education and increasing engagement and mental health knowledge. This article reports on the experiences of peer educators in delivering a mental health and wellbeing programme to agricultural students at two universities in New Zealand. Design: As part of evaluating a mental health and wellbeing programme, researchers sought to learn more about the experiences and learnings of peer educators. Drawn on findings from a wider mixed-methods study, this article reports on qualitative findings related to the use of peer educators. These findings emerged from semi-structured interviews with the peer educators involved in the delivery of the programme. Findings: Peer-led mental health and wellbeing programmes have benefits not only for the students participating but also for the peer educators leading them. These benefits include increased mental health knowledge, confidence and skills. In addition, the peer educators found value in delivering important mental health and wellbeing messages. Conclusions: Peer educators can benefit from the experience of delivering mental health and wellbeing programmes. Furthermore, they can be utilised to deliver these programmes with little prior knowledge of the topics they are delivering provided they have support from professionals with teaching and clinical expertise. These findings are important for informing the development and delivery of mental health interventions for at-risk communities looking to increase connectedness and build resilience.