bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluctuating fishing intensities and climate dynamics reorganize the Gulf of Mexico's fisheries resources
Authors: Kilborn Joshua P. , Drexler Michael , Jones David L. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIntegrated ecosystem assessment provides a practical framework for implementing ecosystem‐based fisheries management (EBFM) while also balancing socioeconomic and ecological objectives. However, significant challenges remain, including (1) the identification of relevant ecosystem‐level fisheries management indicators; (2) quantitatively describing the historical qualitative changes to fisheries ecosystem resource organization; (3) elucidating dynamic system regimes and their trade‐offs related to variability in both natural and anthropogenic drivers; and (4) distilling and communicating the results to stakeholders and managers. Here, we describe the Ecosystem‐Level, Management‐Indicator Selection Tool (EL‐MIST), which was developed to address these EBFM challenges. We also present a case study from the Gulf of Mexico large marine ecosystem (Gulf LME) where EL‐MIST was applied to 79 time series indicators from the Gulf's 2013 ecosystem status report for the period 1980–2011. Results from Gulf LME's EL‐MIST model indicated that the functional response of the Gulf's fisheries resources underwent significant reorganizations during the study period, primarily driven by basin‐scale climate variability and shifting fishing fleets’ targets, effort, and associated regulatory environments, over time. Using EL‐MIST, we identified four unique organizational regimes, and we were able to describe the prominent differences in the underlying resources’ structure and function between those dynamic regimes. We also detail three pertinent ecological regime shifts over the 30‐yr study period and present evidence for the dominating effects of commercial and recreational fishing activities, along with the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and its teleconnected processes, on the organization of fisheries resources. Support for the hypothesis that fishing intensity can affect the relative resilience of a fishery ecosystem that is undergoing climatic and physical–chemical environmental changes is also presented here, as are results implicating a slowing trend in the rates of change across many relevant ecosystem‐level fisheries‐management indicators. When implementing EBFM, the EL‐MIST protocol is useful for distilling the large amounts of information gathered by large‐scale monitoring efforts and assessments. This new framework is transferable across management systems, is ideal for use with current indices and metrics, has the flexibility to address a wide range of inquiries, and can help disentangle complex fisheries ecosystem dynamics to help better inform management recommendations.
miR‐155expression in antitumor immunity: The higher the better?
Authors: Michaille Jean‐Jacques , Awad Hamdy , Fortman Emily C. , Efanov Alexander A. , Tili Esmerina 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that modulate gene expression either directly, by impairing the stability and/or translation of transcripts that contain their specific target sequence, or indirectly through the targeting of transcripts that encode transcription factors, factors implicated in signal transduction pathways, or epigenetic regulators. Abnormal expression of micro‐RNAs has been found in nearly all types of pathologies, including cancers.MiR‐155has been the first microRNA to be implicated in the regulation of the innate and adaptative immune responses, and its expression is either increased or decreased in a variety of liquid and solid malignancies. In this review, we examine the oncogenic and antitumor potentials ofmiR‐155, with special emphasize on its dose‐dependent effects. We describe the impact ofmiR‐155levels on antitumor activity of lymphocytes and myeloid cells. We discussmiR‐155dose‐dependent effects in leukemias and analyze results showing thatmiR‐155intermediate levels tend to be detrimental, whereas high levels ofmiR‐155expression usually prove beneficial. We also examine the beneficial effects of high levels ofmiR‐155expression in solid tumors. We discuss the possible causal involvement ofmiR‐155in leukemias and dementia in individuals with Down's syndrome. We finally propose that increasingmiR‐155levels in immune cells might increase the efficiency of newly developed cancer immunotherapies, due tomiR‐155ability to target transcripts encoding immune checkpoints such as cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen‐4 or programmed death‐ligand 1.
Immunohistochemical correlates of recurrent genetic alterations in sarcomas
Authors: Anderson William J. , Hornick Jason L. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAccurate diagnosis of sarcomas relies on the integration of clinical, histopathological and molecular features. Our understanding of the latter has increased dramatically in recent years with the application of high‐throughput sequencing. Concomitantly, the role of immunohistochemistry has expanded as genomic alterations have been exploited by the development of diagnostic markers that serve as surrogates for their detection. Herein, we review selected immunohistochemical markers that can infer the presence of diverse molecular events. These include gene fusions in vascular neoplasms (FOSB, CAMTA1 and TFE3), round cell sarcomas (BCOR, DUX4 and WT1), and fibroblastic/myofibroblastic tumors (STAT6, ALK and Pan‐TRK); amplifications in well‐differentiated and dedifferentiated liposarcomas (MDM2 and CDK4); and deletions in several aggressive neoplasms (SMARCB1 and SMARCA4). Protein correlates of single nucleotide variants (beta‐catenin in desmoid fibromatosis) and epigenetic alterations (histone H3K27me3 in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor) and markers discovered through gene expression profiling (NKX2.2 and MUC4) are also discussed.
Role of adverse pathological features in surgically treated early oral cavity carcinomas with adequate margins and the development of a scoring system to predict local control
Authors: Subramaniam Narayana , Balasubramanian Deepak , Low Tsu‐Hui (Hubert) , Murthy Samskruthi , Anand Adharsh , Prasad Chaya , Vijayan Smitha N. , Thankappan Krishnakumar , Iyer Subramania 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to determine the factors affecting local control in patients with T1N0 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the tongue.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of 144 patients with pT1N0 SCC of the tongue who underwent wide excision and neck dissection without adjuvant therapy.ResultsThe adverse pathological features associated with local control were least margin 5 mm (P = .004), infiltrative margin (P = .403), depth >4 mm (P = .136), lymphovascular invasion (P = .301), and perineural invasion (P = .342). We derived a scoring system of 10 points based on the hazard ratio for local failure; those with scores >5 points had a 5‐year local control of <60%.ConclusionThis study suggests patients having a margin of 5 mm need revision, however, if they do not have additional adverse pathological features (score ≤4), local control is 88% at 5 years, and they may be observed. Those who have margins over 5 mm with a total score >5 may still benefit from adjuvant therapy. Those with margins over 5 mm have improved local control (P = .029).
Barriers to implementation of a healthy canteen policy: A survey using the theoretical domains framework
Authors: Reilly Kathryn , Nathan Nicole , Grady Alice , Wu Jason H.Y. , Wiggers John , Yoong Sze Lin , Wolfenden Luke 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIssue addressedImproving implementation of school healthy canteen policies requires a comprehensive understanding of implementation barriers. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess a range of barriers, as reported by canteen managers, using a quantitative survey instrument developed based on a theoretical framework.MethodsA cross sectional survey of primary school canteen managers from the Hunter New England region of New South Wales was conducted of eligible schools in the study region identified as having an operational canteen. Survey items assessed canteen manager employment status, canteen characteristics and potential barriers to healthy canteen policy implementation, aligned to the 14 domains of the theoretical domains framework via a 5‐point Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). The mean domain scores of canteen managers were calculated, less than four indicating the canteen manager considered the domain was a barrier. Canteen managers were also asked to provide the current canteen menu for audit by a dietitian.ResultsOf the 184 participants, 20% (n = 36) were assessed as having menus compliant with the state policy. The five most common domains identified as potential barriers to policy implementation were behavioural regulation (n = 117, 65%), skills (n = 105, 57%), beliefs about capabilities (n = 100, 55%), reinforcement (n = 95, 52%) and goals (n = 95, 52%). Canteen managers who reported optimism as a barrier had significantly lower odds of having a menu compliant with the state policy (OR = 0.39; 95% CI 0.16‐0.95, P = 0.038).ConclusionsThis study provides further evidence of perceived and actual barriers that canteen managers face when attempting to implement a healthy canteen policy, and highlights the need to address differences in canteen characteristics when planning implementation support.So what?For public health benefits of nutrition policies within schools to be realised, the barriers to implementation need to be identified and used to help guide implementation support strategies.
Design and fabrication of a hybrid alginate hydrogel/poly(ε‐caprolactone) mold for auricular cartilage reconstruction
Authors: Visscher D. O. , Gleadall A. , Buskermolen J. K. , Burla F. , Segal J. , Koenderink G. H. , Helder M. N. , van Zuijlen P. P. M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to design and manufacture an easily assembled cartilage implant model for auricular reconstruction. First, the printing accuracy and mechanical properties of 3D‐printed poly‐ε‐caprolactone (PCL) scaffolds with varying porosities were determined to assess overall material properties. Next, the applicability of alginate as cell carrier for the cartilage implant model was determined. Using the optimal outcomes of both experiments (in terms of (bio)mechanical properties, cell survival, neocartilage formation, and printing accuracy), a hybrid auricular implant model was developed. PCL scaffolds with 600 μm distances between strands exhibited the best mechanical properties and most optimal printing quality for further exploration. In alginate, chondrocytes displayed high cell survival (~83% after 21 days) and produced cartilage‐like matrix in vitro. Alginate beads cultured in proliferation medium exhibited slightly higher compressive moduli (6 kPa) compared to beads cultured in chondrogenic medium (3.5 kPa, p > .05). The final auricular mold could be printed with 300 μm pores and high fidelity, and the injected chondrocytes survived the culture period of 21 days. The presented hybrid auricular mold appears to be an adequate model for cartilage tissue engineering and may provide a novel approach to auricular cartilage regeneration for facial reconstruction. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 1711–1721, 2019.
Modulation of gastric acid secretion by cannabinoids in rats
Authors: Salama Rania A. A. , Abdelsalam Rania M. , Abdel‐Salam O. M. E. , khattab Mahmoud M. , Salem Neveen A. , El‐Khyat Zakaria A. , Morsy Fatma A. , Eldenshary Ezz‐El Din S. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe current study aimed to evaluate the role of cannabinoid receptors in the regulation of gastric acid secretion and oxidative stress in gastric mucosa. To fulfill this aim, gastric acid secretion stimulated with histamine (5 mg/kg, subcutaneous [SC]), 2‐deoxy‐
d‐glucose (D‐G) (200 mg/kg, intravenous) or ‐carbachol (4 μg/kg, SC) in the 4‐hour pylorus‐ligated rats. The CB1R agonist (
N‐arachidonoyl dopamine, 1 mg/kg, SC) inhibited gastric acid secretion stimulated by D‐G and carbachol but not in histamine, reduced pepsin content, and increased mucin secretion. Furthermore, it decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) contents with an increase in glutathione (GSH) and paraoxonase 1 (PON‐1). Meanwhile, CB2R antagonist (AM630, 1 mg/kg, SC) inhibited gastric acid secretion stimulated by D‐G and reduced MDA and NO contents with an increase in GSH and PON‐1. Meanwhile, CB1R antagonist rimonabant or CB2R agonist GW 405833 had no effect on stimulated gastric acid secretion. Therefore, both CB1R agonist and CB2R antagonist may exert antisecretory and antioxidant potential in the stomach.
Upregulation of lncRNA FER1L4 suppresses the proliferation and migration of the hepatocellular carcinoma via regulating PI3K/AKT signal pathway
Authors: Wang Xu , Dong Ke , Jin Qizhi , Ma Yujing , Yin Shujun , Wang Shan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the potential function of FER1L4 in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma and uncover its underlying molecular mechanism.MethodsIn the current study, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) was conducted to determine the expression profile of FER1L4 in normal liver tissues and hepatocellular carcinoma tissues of human, as well as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines including HL‐7702[L‐02], HepG‐2, Hep3b, and SMMC‐7721. Then, HepG‐2 cells were transfected with pcDNA3.1‐FER1L4 (pcDNA3.1‐empty as negative control) for gain‐of‐function analysis, followed with cell functional abnormality tests. Specifically, colony formation analysis and 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐tetrazolium bromide experiment were taken advantage to measure the cell proliferation, while cell migration and invasion were evaluated by wound healing assay and transwell experiment respectively. Additionally, cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Moreover, the effect of FER1L4 on PI3K/AKT signal pathway activation was investigated through analyzing phosphorylation of related proteins, p‐AKT/AKT and p‐PI3K/PI3K, via Western blot assay.ResultsDownregulation of FER1L4 in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and cells was demonstrated by qRT‐PCR analysis. Besides, FER1L4 overexpression evidently attenuated the cell proliferation, migration and invasion, but prompted cell apoptosis. Importantly, Western blot assays revealed that PII3K/AKT signal pathway were involved in mediating the progression regulation role of FER1L4 in HCC cells.ConclusionsOur study suggested that FER1L4 might alleviate progression of hepatocellular carcinoma via blocking PI3K/AKT pathway, which encourages a better understanding of the pathogenesis of HCC and may provide a novel potential therapeutic target for clinical treatment.
Methane potential and metagenomics of wastewater sludge and a methane‐producing landfill solid sample as microbial inocula for anaerobic digestion of food waste
Authors: Sillas‐Moreno María V , Senés‐Guerrero Carolina , Pacheco Adriana , Montesinos‐Castellanos Alejandro 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDAnaerobic digestion of food waste is influenced by the selection of an adequate microbial inoculum. In this study, wastewater sludge, a methane (CH4)‐producing landfill solid sample and the combination of both [1:1 volatile solid (VS)] were tested as inocula to treat food waste modelled to the Mexican diet. Hence, biochemical methane potential assays at inoculum to substrate (I:S) ratios of 1–3 and each inoculum metagenome were determined.RESULTSMethane production was optimal at I:S = 1 for sludge and the combined inoculum, whereas for landfill solid sample increasing the proportion of inoculum was beneficial up to I:S = 2. The landfill solid sample produced more CH4 than commonly used sludge (311.5 ± 11.1 and 282.5 ± 18.1 mL CH4 g−1 VS, respectively) but presented an adaptation phase (four days). Combining inocula (I:S = 1) produced a synergistic effect in CH4 yield (374.5 ± 10.5 mL CH4 g−1 VS), biogas quality (58.0 ± 0.3% CH4) and COD removal (90.0 ± 0.6%) without start‐up time. Moreover, an enriched microbial community high in Archaea and Bacteria was observed, probably because of the incorporation of predominant members of each inoculum (Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Euryarchaeota in sludge, and Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria in landfill solid sample). Archaea was represented mainly by the genus Methanosaeta (order Methanosarcinales), suggesting that methanogenesis occurred by the acetoclastic pathway.CONCLUSIONFood waste from Mexican diet was a suitable feedstock for biogas generation. Optimal conditions were observed when combining both inocula. Further studies on population dynamics during digestion would help understand the synergistic effect for effective industrial application. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Multiple sessions of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy associated with surgical periodontal treatment in patients with chronic periodontitis
Authors: Cadore Uislen B. , Reis Marília B. L. , Martins Sergio H. L. , Invernici Marcos de M. , Novaes Arthur B. , Taba Mario , Palioto Daniela B. , Messora Michel R. , Souza Sergio L. S. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundThis double‐blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial assessed the efficacy of multiple sessions of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) as an adjunct to surgical periodontal treatment (ST) in patients with severe chronic periodontitis (SCP).MethodsSixteen patients with SCP were treated with aPDT+ST (test group, TG) or ST only (control group, CG), in a split‐mouth design. aPDT was applied at 0, 2, 7, and 14 postoperative days only in TG. All patients were followed up for 90 days after surgery. The following clinical and microbiological parameters were assessed: clinical attachment level (CAL), probing depth (PD), gingival recession (GR), bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque index (PI), and count of 40 subgingival microbial species (checkerboard DNA‐DNA hybridization). Data were collected at baseline (preintervention), at 60 days (30 days after the end of non‐surgical therapy), and at 150 days (90 days after surgery).ResultsA significant reduction in PD was observed at 150 days for the TG, when compared with the CG (P ˂ 0.05). CAL gain was significantly higher in the TG at 60 and 150 days (P ˂ 0.05). Changes in the subgingival microbiota were similar between the groups (P ˃ 0.05), but the TG revealed a larger number of bacteria associated with periodontal disease at the end of the experiment compared with the CG (P < 0.05).ConclusionMultiple sessions of aPDT as an adjunct to surgical periodontal treatment significantly improved clinical parameters at 90 postoperative days.
Emergency front‐of‐neck airway by ENT surgeons and residents: A dutch national survey
Authors: Bruijstens Loes , Titulaer Imke , Scheffer Gert Jan , Steegers Monique , van den Hoogen Frank 
Published: November 2018

ObjectivesENT surgeons and anesthesiologists work closely together in managing challenging airway cases. Sharing knowledge, experiences, and expectations interdisciplinary is essential in order to facilitate decision‐making and adequate management in emergency front‐of‐neck airway cases.MethodsA survey was performed, to analyze level of experience, technique of preference, training, knowledge of material and protocols, and self‐efficacy scores of Dutch ENT surgeons and residents in performing an urgent or emergency front‐of‐neck airway.ResultsWithin one year (January 2014–2015), 25.7% of the 257 respondents had performed an urgent or emergency front‐of‐neck airway. Of all reported emergency front‐of‐neck airways (N = 30), 80% were managed by tracheotomy. In future emergency front‐of‐neck airway cases, 74% stated cricothyrotomy would be their technique of preference. The majority would choose an uncuffed large‐bore cannula technique. Post‐academic hands‐on training was attended by 42% of respondents. Self‐efficacy scores were highest for surgical tracheotomy, and higher when trained or experienced. In case of an emergency scenario, 8.6% would not perform a front‐of‐neck airway themselves. The main reasons for reluctance to start in general were lack of experience and lack of training. Reported items for improvement were mainly the development of a protocol and training.ConclusionThe chance of encountering an airway emergency scenario requiring front‐of‐neck airway is realistic. There is inconsistency between advised technique, technique of preference and technique actually performed by ENT surgeons. This study shows that there is both a need and desire for improvement in training and organization of care. Interdisciplinary guidelines and education is needed and could eventually safe lives.Level of evidence5
Bacterial biophotons as non‐local information carriers: Species‐specific spectral characteristics of a stress response
Authors: Tessaro Lucas W. E. , Dotta Blake T. , Persinger Michael A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractStudies by Alexander Gurwitsch in the 1920' s with onion root cells revealed the phenomenon of mitogenetic radiation. Subsequent works by Popp, Van Wijk, Quickenden, Tillbury, and Trushin have demonstrated a link between Gurwitsch's mitogenetic radiation and the biophoton, emissions of light correlated with biological processes. The present study seeks to expand upon these and other works to explore whether biophoton emissions of bacterial cultures is used as an information carrier of environmental stress. Bacterial cultures (Escherichia coli and Serratia marcescens) were incubated for 24 hr in 5 ml of nutrient broth to stationary phase and cell densities of ~107 cells/mL. Cultures of E. coli were placed upon a photomultiplier tube housed within a dark box. A second bacterial culture, either E. coli or S. marcescens, was placed in an identical dark box at a distance of 5 m and received injections of hydrogen peroxide. Spectral analyses revealed significant differences in peak frequencies of 7.2, 10.1, and 24.9 Hz in the amplitude modulation of the emitted biophoton signal with respect to whether a peroxide injection occurred or not, and whether the species receiving the injection was E. coli or S. marcescens. These and the subsequent results of discriminant functions suggest that bacteria may release biophotons as a non‐local communication system in response to stress, and that these biophotons are species specific.
Triple A syndrome presenting as complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia
Authors: Leveille Etienne , Gonorazky Hernan D. , Rioux Marie‐France , Hazrati Lili‐Naz , Ruskey Jennifer A. , Carnevale Amanda , Spiegelman Dan , Dionne‐Laporte Alexandre , Rouleau Guy A. , Yoon Grace , Gan‐Or Ziv 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundHereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a group of rare disorders characterized by spastic paraparesis and other symptoms. Often, other diseases can mimic HSP, which may delay diagnosis and treatment.MethodsWhole exome sequencing was performed in families with clinically suspected HSP without a genetic diagnosis.ResultsWe report three patients from two families who presented with lower limb spasticity, muscular atrophy, and other neurological symptoms, who were clinically diagnosed with complicated HSP. Whole exome sequencing revealed bi‐allelic AAAS nonsense mutations; one individual was homozygous for the p.(Arg478*) mutation, and two siblings were homozygous for the p.(Arg286*) mutation, leading to the diagnosis of triple A syndrome. This rare syndrome is typically characterized by a triad of symptoms: achalasia, adrenal insufficiency, and alacrima, and is often accompanied by other neurological abnormalities.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that triple A syndrome should be suspected in complicated HSP patients without a known genetic cause, especially if at least one of the main triad of triple A syndrome symptoms is present.