bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review of lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and intersex (LGBTI) health and healthcare inequalities
Authors: Zeeman Laetitia , Sherriff Nigel , Browne Kath , McGlynn Nick , Mirandola Massimo , Gios Lorenzo , Davis Ruth , Sanchez-Lambert Juliette , Aujean Sophie , Pinto Nuno , Farinella Francesco , Donisi Valeria , Niedźwiedzka-Stadnik Marta , Rosińska Magdalena , Pierson Anne , Amaddeo Francesco ,   Health4LGBTI Network, Taibjee Rafik , Toskin Igor , Jonas Kai , van Der Veur Dennis , Allen Odhrán , Troussier Thierry , De Sutter Petra 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and intersex (LGBTI) people experience significant health inequalities. Located within a European Commission funded pilot project, this paper presents a review of the health inequalities faced by LGBTI people and the barriers health professionals encounter when providing care.

Methods
A narrative synthesis of 57 papers including systematic reviews, narrative reviews, meta-analyses and primary research. Literature was searched in Cochrane, Campbell Collaboration, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsychINFO and Medline. The review was undertaken to promote understanding of the causes and range of inequalities, as well as how to reduce inequalities.

Results
LGBTI people are more likely to experience health inequalities due to heteronormativity or heterosexism, minority stress, experiences of victimization and discrimination, compounded by stigma. Inequalities pertaining to LGBTI health(care) vary depending on gender, age, income and disability as well as between LGBTI groupings. Gaps in the literature remain around how these factors intersect to influence health, with further large-scale research needed particularly regarding trans and intersex people.

Conclusion
Health inequalities can be addressed via changes in policy, research and in practice through health services that accommodate the needs of LGBTI people. With improved training to address gaps in their knowledge of LGBTI health and healthcare, health professionals should work in collaboration with LGBTI people to address a range of barriers that prevent access to care. Through structural change combined with increased knowledge and understanding, services can potentially become more inclusive and equally accessible to all.
Reluctant Refuge: An Activist Archaeological Approach to Alternative Refugee Shelter in Athens (Greece)
Authors: Kiddey Rachael 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe effect of the mismatch between the numbers of forced migrants that host governments are prepared to deal with and the actual number of those seeking refuge is that many forced migrants must find what I term ‘reluctant’ refuge—precarious, unofficial shelter. In this article, I first theorize ‘reluctance’, before introducing the concept of archaeology of the contemporary world in order to establish what makes fieldwork drawn on explicitly archaeological. Following this, I offer a concise history of the current political situation in Athens before describing my methodology. I then provide three ‘portraits’ of sites of temporary refugee shelter in the city—a squat, a non-governmental organization-managed hotel and a co-operative day centre—and discuss how these inter-relate to form a landscape of reluctant refugee shelter. The article contributes an explicitly ‘translational’ (Zimmerman et al. 2010) view of how experiences of shelter affect and shape forced displacement in Athens.
The Incidence of Nonaffective, Nonorganic Psychotic Disorders in Older People: A Population-based Cohort Study of 3 Million People in Sweden
Authors: Stafford Jean , Howard Robert , Dalman Christina , Kirkbride James B 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
There are limited data on the epidemiology of very late-onset schizophrenia-like psychosis (VLOSLP) and how this relates to potential risk factors including migration, sensory impairment, traumatic life events, and social isolation.

Methods
We followed up a cohort of 3 007 378 people living in Sweden, born 1920–1949, from their 60th birthday (earliest: January 15, 1980) until December 30 2011, emigration, death, or first recorded diagnosis of nonaffective psychosis. We examined VLOSLP incidence by age, sex, region of origin, income, partner or child death, birth period, and sensory impairments.

Results
We identified 14 977 cases and an overall incidence of 37.7 per 100 000 person-years at-risk (95% CI = 37.1–38.3), with evidence that rates increased more sharply with age for women (likelihood ratio test: χ2(6) = 31.56, P < .001). After adjustment for confounders, rates of VLOSLP were higher among migrants from Africa (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.4–2.7), North America (HR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.0–1.9, P = .04), Europe (HR = 1.3, 95% CI = 1.2–1.4), Russian-Baltic regions (HR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.4–1.9), and Finland (HR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.5–1.7). VLOSLP risk was highest for those in the lowest income quartile (HR = 3.1, 95% CI = 2.9–3.3). Rates were raised in those whose partner died 2 years before cohort exit (HR = 1.1, 95% CI = 1.0–1.3, P = .02) or whose child died in infancy (HR = 1.2, 95% CI = 1.0–1.4, P = .05), those without a partner (HR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.8–1.9) or children (HR = 2.4, 95% CI = 2.3–2.5), and those whose child had a psychotic disorder (HR = 2.4, 95% CI = 2.2–2.6).

Interpretation
We identified a substantial burden of psychosis incidence in old age, with a higher preponderance in women and most migrant groups. Life course exposure to environmental factors including markers of deprivation, isolation, and adversity were associated with VLOSLP risk.
Hip Status and Long-term Functional Outcomes in Spina Bifida
Authors: Thompson Rachel M. , Foley Joanna , Dias Luciano , Swaroop Vineeta T. 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Nearly 50% of individuals with myelomeningocele will develop a dislocated hip by skeletal maturity. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of hip status on functional outcomes in a cohort of adult patients with myelomeningocele.

Methods:
Patients with a diagnosis of myelomeningocele >18 years were prospectively enrolled over a 12-month period. Neurological level of involvement was obtained from chart review and interview. Clinical examination included hip range of motion and leg-length discrepancy. Reimer’s migration index was calculated from a current anteroposterior pelvic radiograph. All subjects completed the VR-12 and the NIH PROMIS outcomes measures for pain interference and physical function. The χ2, the Pearson correlation coefficients, and linear regression models were applied to evaluate the influence of hip status on functional outcomes.

Results:
In total, 31 patients (average age 31, range 19 to 49) were included. Eight thoracic, 9 lumbar, and 14 sacral level patients participated. Twenty had bilaterally located hips, 5 had a unilateral subluxation or dislocation, and 6 had bilaterally subluxated or dislocated hips. In univariate analysis, patients with bilaterally located hips performed better in lower extremity function than those with unilateral subluxation/dislocation (36.7 vs. 26.0; P=0.03) but worse in pain interference than those with bilateral subluxation/dislocation (52.0 vs. 43.3; P=0.03). After controlling for neurological level, there was no statistically significant difference in the VR-12 mental (P=0.32) or physical component summary (P=0.32) scores, nor in the PROMIS lower extremity function (P=0.26) or pain interference scores (P=0.33) between groups. Decreased extension and abduction were indirectly correlated with VR-12 mental component scores (P=0.0038, 0.0032). Leg-length discrepancy was not associated with any outcome measure.

Conclusions:
Long-term outcomes are not associated with hip status in adult patients with myelomeningocele. Functional outcomes are more closely correlated with neurological level and hip range of motion. These results suggest efforts to keep myelomeningocele hips reduced are likely without functional benefit and should be avoided in favor of maintaining motion with contracture release as needed.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
GENETIC RISK FACTORS IN ACUTE CENTRAL SEROUS CHORIORETINOPATHY
Authors: Mohabati Danial , Schellevis Rosa L. , van Dijk Elon H. C. , Altay Lebriz , Fauser Sascha , Hoyng Carel B. , De Jong Eiko K. , Boon Camiel J. F. , Yzer Suzanne 
Published: October 2018

Purpose:
To investigate genetic associations in white patients with acute central serous chorioretinopathy (aCSC) and to assess genetic differences between aCSC and chronic CSC (cCSC).

Methods:
A total of 135 aCSC patients, 272 cCSC patients, and 1,385 control individuals were included. Eight single nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped for ARMS2 (rs10490924), CFH (rs800292, rs1061170, rs1065489, rs1329428, rs2284664, rs3753394), and NR3C2 (rs2070951). Also, C4B gene copy numbers were analyzed.

Results:
Three single nucleotide polymorphisms in the CFH gene were significantly associated with aCSC: rs800292 (P = 0.003, odds ratio = 1.53 [95% confidence interval = 1.15–2.03]), rs1061170 (P = 0.002, odds ratio = 0.64 [95% confidence interval = 0.48–0.86]), and rs1329428 (P = 5.87 × 10−6, odds ratio = 1.83 [95% confidence interval = 1.40–2.38]). A significant difference was found in the distribution of C4B gene copy numbers in aCSC patients compared with controls (P = 0.0042). No differences could be found among the selected variants between aCSC and cCSC patients.

Conclusion:
Three variants in the CFH gene and copy number variations in C4B were found to be significantly associated with the risk of aCSC development. Despite the differences in clinical presentation, acute and chronic CSC may share a similar genetic predisposition based on our present analysis. Other genetic and/or nongenetic risk factors may be more influential in the differentiation toward an acute or a chronic phenotype of CSC.
MESOPIC AND DARK-ADAPTED TWO-COLOR FUNDUS-CONTROLLED PERIMETRY IN GEOGRAPHIC ATROPHY SECONDARY TO AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION
Authors: Pfau Maximilian , Müller Philipp L. , von der Emde Leon , Lindner Moritz , Möller Philipp T. , Fleckenstein Monika , Holz Frank G. , Schmitz-Valckenberg Steffen 
Published: October 2018

Purpose:
To investigate retinal sensitivity in the junctional zone of geographic atrophy (GA) secondary to age-related macular degeneration using patient-tailored perimetry grids for mesopic and dark-adapted two-color fundus-controlled perimetry.

Methods:
Twenty-five eyes with GA of 25 patients (prospective, natural-history Directional Spread in Geographic Atrophy study [DSGA; NCT02051998]) and 40 eyes of 40 normal subjects were included. Patient-tailored perimetry grids were generated using annotated fundus autofluorescence data. Customized software positioned test-points along iso-hulls surrounding the GA boundary at distances of 0.43°, 0.86°, 1.29°, 2.15°, and 3.01°. The grids were used for duplicate mesopic and dark-adapted two-color (cyan and red) fundus-controlled perimetry. Age-adjusted reference-data were obtained through regression analysis of normative data followed by spatial interpolation.

Results:
The mean sensitivity loss for mesopic testing decreased with the distance to GA (−10.3 dB [0.43°], −8.2 dB [0.86°], −7.1 dB [1.29°], −6.8 dB [2.15°], and −6.6 dB [3.01°]; P < 0.01). Dark-adapted cyan sensitivity loss exceeded dark-adapted red sensitivity loss for all iso-hulls (−14.8 vs. −11.7 dB, −13.5 vs. −10.1 dB, −12.8 vs. −9.1 dB, −11.6 vs. −8.2 dB, −10.7 vs. −8.0 dB; P < 0.01).

Conclusion:
Patient-tailored fundus-controlled perimetry grids allowed for testing of retinal function in the junctional zone of GA with high spatial resolution. A distinct decrease in mesopic sensitivity loss between 0.43° (125 µm) and 1.29° (375 µm) was observed that leveled off at more distant test-points. In proximity to the GA boundary, the results indicate that rod exceeded cone dysfunction.
PROGRESSION OF SCOTOPIC SINGLE-FLASH ELECTRORETINOGRAPHY IN THE STAGES OF CAPN5 VITREORETINOPATHY
Authors: Tang Peter H. , Kinnick Tyson R. , Folk James C. , Mahajan MaryAnn , Bassuk Alexander G. , Tsang Stephen H. , Mahajan Vinit B. 
Published: October 2018

Purpose:
To characterize the changes found in the electroretinography (ERG) recordings of patients with autosomal dominant neovascular inflammatory vitreoretinopathy and correlate with clinical stages of the disease.

Methods:
Retrospective chart review. Bright- and dim-flash full-field scotopic, photopic, and 30-Hz flicker ERGs were obtained according to international standards. The scotopic ERGs were further processed to analyze the oscillatory potential. The patient described in the case report underwent full ERG testing; five patients composed the archival case series data and included scotopic ERG recordings.

Results:
Stage I autosomal dominant neovascular inflammatory vitreoretinopathy is characterized by a decrease in the b-wave amplitude on scotopic flash ERG and the disappearance of late OPs; however, the a-wave amplitude is normal. In Stage II, attenuation of early OPs and the c-wave are observed in scotopic ERG recordings, but both a- and b-wave amplitudes are unchanged. For patients in Stage III, there is a continued decline of both a- and b-wave amplitudes in scotopic ERG recordings. There was a loss of recordable scotopic ERG response in patients with Stage IV disease.

Conclusion:
Electroretinography may be valuable in determining optimal timing for therapeutic intervention and response before loss of recordable retinal function in CAPN5 vitreoretinopathy.
Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma With Normal Intraocular Pressure at the First Visit: Its Prevalence and Ocular Characteristics
Authors: Oh Won Hyuk , Kim Bum Gi , Kyung Haksu , Lee Joo Hwa 
Published: October 2018

Purpose:
To investigate the prevalence of normal intraocular pressure (IOP) at first visit among patients with primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) and their ocular characteristics.

Patients and Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed patients with PACG in a referral center. According to untreated IOP, we divided PACG eyes into 2 groups: those with normal IOP and those with high IOP (>21 mm Hg) at the first visit.

Results:
One hundred sixty eyes of 160 Korean PACG patients were included. Sixty percent (97/160) of the patients had normal IOP at their first visit. The PACG patients with initially normal IOP had significantly longer axial length (mean±SD, 22.99±0.76 vs. 22.74±0.61) and deeper “true” anterior chamber depth (ACD) (2.09±0.27 vs. 1.82±0.33) than those with initially high IOP (both P<0.05). Multiple logistic regression revealed that deeper “true” ACD (per 0.1 mm; odds ratio, 1.38) and more hyperopic refractive errors (odds ratio, 1.48) were independent predictors of initially normal IOP in PACG eyes (P<0.05). The prevalence of disc hemorrhage was higher in PACG patients with initially normal IOP than in those with initially high IOP (29.9% vs. 14.3%, P=0.029).

Conclusions:
Sixty percent of patients with PACG had normal IOP at their first visit. This suggests that without gonioscopy clinicians may misdiagnose PACG as normal tension glaucoma. ACD measurement can aid the diagnosis of PACG because even PACG eyes with initially normal IOP have shallow ACD.
Very Low-Dose Mirtazapine (7.5 mg) in Treatment of Acute Antipsychotic-Associated Akathisia
Authors: Poyurovsky Michael , Weizman Abraham 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
Some evidence suggests that off-label use of mirtazapine (15 mg) is effective in treatment of acute antipsychotic-associated akathisia (AAA). We analyzed whether a lower dose of mirtazapine (7.5 mg) maintained its antiakathisia properties while exhibiting better tolerability in patients with schizophrenia and mood disorders who developed acute AAA.

Methods
Medical charts were retrospectively evaluated for 12 patients with AAA. All scored at least 2 (mild akathisia) on the Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale (BARS) and were treated with mirtazapine (7.5 mg) for a mean of 10.3 days.

Results
There was a statistically significant decrease in the BARS subjective, distress, and global (P < 0.01 to P < 0.001), but not objective (P = 0.63), subscales. Five participants (41.6%) fulfilled the predefined criterion of response, a decrease of at least 2 points on the BARS global subscale. The positive antiakathisia effect of mirtazapine was observed predominantly in aripiprazole-treated patients. Mirtazapine (7.5 mg) was well tolerated, and no clinically significant adverse effects, primarily drowsiness or increased appetite, were reported.

Conclusions
A large-scale controlled evaluation is warranted to substantiate clinical utility of off-label use of mirtazapine (7.5 mg) for patients with AAA.
New primary immunodeficiency diseases: context and future
Authors: Yu Joyce E. , Orange Jordan S. , Demirdag Yesim Yilmaz 
Published: October 2018

Purpose of reviewPrimary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) are genetic disorders classically characterized by impaired host defense and an increased susceptibility to infections. It is now appreciated that these conditions broadly include variations in the genetic code that cause dysregulated immune function. This review highlights the newly defined PIDs in the 2017 International Union of Immunologic Societies (IUIS) report, current approaches to diagnosing PIDs, and the implications for the future management of PIDs.Recent findingsWith the advances in and increased commercial availability of genetic testing and the adoption of the TREC assay into the US Newborn Screening program, the number of identified PIDs has exponentially risen in the past few decades, reaching over 350 disorders. The IUIS Inborn Errors of Immunity committee acknowledged at least 50 new disorders between 2015 and 2017. Furthermore, given the greater recognition of disorders with primarily immune dysregulation, the committee proposed a more inclusive term of ‘inborn errors of immunity’ to encompass primary immunodeficiencies and immune dysregulation disorders.SummaryThis latest IUIS report underscores the rapid expansion in the PID field with technologic advancements in immunogenetics and clinical screening discovering new genetic diseases, and therefore, paving the way to novel therapeutics and precision medicine.
Presumptive and Follow-up Treatment for Gonorrhea and Chlamydia Among Patients Attending Public Health Department Clinics in Virginia, 2016
Authors: Pugsley River A. , Peterman Thomas A. 
Published: October 2018

Background
Presumptive antibiotic treatment is common for suspected chlamydia (CT) and gonorrhea (GC) infections before laboratory confirmation to prevent complications, reduce loss-to-follow-up, and interrupt transmission. We assessed this practice in sexually transmitted disease (STD) and family planning clinics.

Methods
We performed a retrospective analysis of data from clinics in Virginia in 2016 using administrative data merged with electronic laboratory reporting data. After stratifying by patient and clinic characteristics, we calculated how often patients with positive CT/GC tests were treated presumptively or during a follow-up visit, and how many patients with negative tests were treated presumptively.

Results
Of 63,889 patient visits with valid laboratory results from 131 clinics, 13% tested positive for CT or GC. Overall, presumptive treatment was given to 45.2% of persons with positive tests and 10.1% of persons with negative tests. Among the 9443 patients presumptively treated, 40.7% had positive test results. Presumptive treatment was more common in STD clinics compared with family planning clinics (22% vs. 4%) and for males with positive tests compared to females (65% vs. 24%); smaller variations were observed across age, race/ethnicity, and diagnosis categories. Twenty-six percent of patients with positive tests who were not treated presumptively had no treatment recorded within 30 days.

Conclusions
Presumptive treatment for CT/GC was commonly used in this clinic population. It improved treatment coverage and reduced time to treatment, though some uninfected persons were treated. The impact of presumptive treatment on partner notification and treatment requires further study.
Multiple sclerosis: clinical aspects
Authors: Oh Jiwon , Vidal-Jordana Angela , Montalban Xavier 
Published: October 2018

Purpose of review
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic, predominantly immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system, and one of the most common causes of neurological disability in young adults globally. This review will discuss the epidemiology, diagnosis, disease course, and prognosis of multiple sclerosis and will focus on recent evidence and advances in these aspects of the disease.

Recent findings
Multiple sclerosis is increasing in incidence and prevalence globally, even in traditionally low-prevalence regions of the world. Recent revisions have been proposed to the existing multiple sclerosis diagnostic criteria, which will facilitate earlier diagnosis and treatment in appropriate patients. Classifying multiple sclerosis into distinct disease phenotypes can be challenging, and recent refinements have been proposed to clarify existing definitions. The prognosis of multiple sclerosis varies substantially across individual patients, and a combination of clinical, imaging, and laboratory markers can be useful in predicting clinical course and optimizing treatment in individual patients.

Summary
A number of recent advances have been made in the clinical diagnosis and prognostication of multiple sclerosis patients. Future research will enable the development of more accurate biomarkers of disease categorization and prognosis, which will enable timely personalized treatment in individual multiple sclerosis patients.
Women photographers in Europe: a fresh, feminine approach
Authors: Muñoz-Muñoz Ana M. , González-Moreno M. Barbaño 
Published: October 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand the role of women in the field of photography after the second wave of feminism in Europe.

Design/methodology/approachThe grounded theory on the position of women in contemporary photography has been contrasted with the information collected by the authors in previous research studies on the presence of women photographers in the main museum collections in Europe.

FindingsGender inequality in the various artistic disciplines is a current sociopolitical problem Western countries have been fighting against for several decades. After the resurgence of social movements in the USA and Europe in the 1960s, an artistic movement called feminist art emerged whose significance should be assessed.

Research limitations/implicationsThe paper proposed a general approximation, a foundation on the state of art, which may be implemented in the future with more data coming from other collections. It should be taken into account that this aim is a work in progress in a large scale of the research.

Practical implicationsThis paper includes implications for the development of a more efficient strategy to create a balance situation in the number of men and women photographers at the museum collections.

Originality/valueThe paper identified a lack of practical analysis on the current averages of female photographers in art institutions.