bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Audit of compliance with WHO surgical safety checklist and building a shared mental model in the operating theatre
Authors: Todd James 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundThe use of the checklist has been shown to reduce patient death and postoperative complications and is mandated for use with all National Health Service (NHS) surgery. The aim was to obtain quantitative and qualitative data on compliance with WHO surgical safety checklist during operations in an NHS hospital.MethodData collection was by prospective observational audit of 34 operations using WHO checklist and 5 qualitative criteria to establish efficacy of use: (a) Staff stopped tasks to engage; (b) Staff attentive and listening; (c) Audible to all team; (d) Understanding was checked in briefs and questions/feedback asked; (e) All required staff present.Categorisation: grade 3 (all criteria), grade 2 (three to four of criteria), grade 1 (one to two of criteria). Checklist use was recorded by stage use (eg, Sign In) and component steps.ResultsChecklist stages used were Brief (7/8), Sign In (32/34), Time Out (30/34), Sign Out (18/34) and Debrief (2/8). Checklist component steps were completed more fully in major versus minor operations (17.3/28 vs 8.4/28). Mean qualitative grade was greatest in major surgeries (2.2 vs 1.6) and using general anaesthesia (1.8 vs 1.3). 3/34 of operations achieved Grade 3.ConclusionSign Out and Debrief compliance was low, as was full compliance with component steps of the WHO checklist, especially during minor operations. A focused checklist specific for minor operations could be introduced to remove unnecessary steps and mitigate against excessive omission. Improved qualitative use of the checklist is required to maximise effectiveness and facilitate a shared mental model.
Heated tobacco products and combusted cigarettes: comparing global prices and taxes
Authors: Liber Alex C 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundHeated tobacco products (HTPs) have received excise tax rates that are lower than combusted cigarettes in most of the countries in which the products are sold as tobacco companies claimed their purported reduced risk products deserved such light touch treatment. This study sought to determine if HTPs are cheaper to use than combusted cigarettes when the cost of purchasing an expensive heating device upfront was considered.Methods and DataProduct price data for tobacco heating devices, as well as cobranded heated tobacco and combusted cigarettes for 2014–2017 for 34 countries was obtained from Euromonitor International.ResultsOnly in 17 of 46 country-year cases with adequate data were HTPs less expensive to use than combusted cigarettes over a year.DiscussionThe tax advantages being given to HTPs may instead of providing a price signal to a consumer looking to switch, be providing a profit signal to tobacco companies to switch over to selling more HTPs and fewer combusted cigarettes. The implications of these dynamics for public health are unclear.
Nutritional recommendations and management practices adopted by feedlot cattle nutritionists: the 2016 Brazilian survey
Authors: Pinto Ana C.J. , Millen Danilo D. 
Published: October 2018

The feedlot industry in Brazil is still evolving, and some nutritional management recommendations adopted by nutritionists changes from year to year. The main objective of this survey was to provide a snapshot of current nutritional management practices adopted in Brazilian feedlots. The 33 nutritionists surveyed were responsible for approximately 4 228 254 animals. Corn remained as the primary source of grain used in feedlot diets by the participants, whereas fine grinding was the primary grain processing method. Corn silage was the primary roughage source indicated by nutritionists, and for the first time, physically effective neutral detergent fiber was the preferred fiber analysis method. The average dietary fat recommended was 50 g kg−1 of dry matter, which is about 10% higher than values reported in previous surveys. The use of truck-mounted mixers increased, which may have increased the percentage of feedlots using programmed feed delivery per pen, allowing the increase of energy content of finishing diets. Feedlots did not increase their capacity and nutritionists reported an improvement in feeding management. Results reported in the current study provide a baseline that can be used to improve practices and aid in the development of feedlot industry in Brazil and similar tropical climates.
Arbitrary amplitude femtosecond pulse shaping via a digital micromirror device
Authors: Gu Chenglin , Zhang Dapeng , Chang Yina , Chen Shih-Chi 
Published: October 2018

An ultrafast spectrum programmable femtosecond laser may enhance the performance of a wide variety of scientific applications, e.g., multi-photon imaging. In this paper, we report a digital micromirror device (DMD)-based ultrafast pulse shaper, i.e., DUPS, for femtosecond laser arbitrary amplitude shaping — the first time a programmable binary device reported to shape the amplitudes of ultrafast pulses spectrum at up to 32[Formula: see text]kHz rate over a broad wavelength range. The DUPS is highly efficient, compact, and low cost based on the use of a DMD in combination with a transmission grating. Spatial and temporal dispersion introduced by the DUPS is compensated by a quasi-4-f setup and a grating pair, respectively. Femtosecond pulses with arbitrary spectrum shapes, including rectangular, sawtooth, triangular, double-pulse, and exponential profile, have been demonstrated in our experiments. A feedback operation process is implemented in the DUPS to ensure a robust and repeatable shaping process. The total efficiency of the DUPS for amplitude shaping is measured to be 27%.
Three-dimensional tuning of head direction cells in rats
Authors: Shinder Michael E. , Taube Jeffrey S. 
Published: October 2018

Head direction (HD) cells fire when the animal faces that cell’s preferred firing direction (PFD) in the horizontal plane. The PFD response when the animal is oriented outside the earth-horizontal plane could result from cells representing direction in the plane of locomotion or as a three-dimensional (3D), global-referenced direction anchored to gravity. To investigate these possibilities, anterodorsal thalamic HD cells were recorded from restrained rats while they were passively positioned in various 3D orientations. Cell responses were unaffected by pitch or roll up to ~90° from the horizontal plane. Firing was disrupted once the animal was oriented >90° away from the horizontal plane and during inversion. When rolling the animal around the earth-vertical axis, cells were active when the animal’s ventral surface faced the cell’s PFD. However, with the rat rolled 90° in an ear-down orientation, pitching the rat and rotating it around the vertical axis did not produce directionally tuned responses. Complex movements involving combinations of yaw-roll, but usually not yaw-pitch, resulted in reduced directional tuning even at the final upright orientation when the rat had full visual view of its environment and was pointing in the cell’s PFD. Directional firing was restored when the rat’s head was moved back-and-forth. There was limited evidence indicating that cells contained conjunctive firing with pitch or roll positions. These findings suggest that the brain’s representation of directional heading is derived primarily from horizontal canal information and that the HD signal is a 3D gravity-referenced signal anchored to a direction in the horizontal plane. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study monitored head direction cell responses from rats in three dimensions using a series of manipulations that involved yaw, pitch, roll, or a combination of these rotations. Results showed that head direction responses are consistent with the use of two reference frames simultaneously: one defined by the surrounding environment using primarily visual landmarks and a second defined by the earth’s gravity vector.
Stroke increases ischemia-related decreases in motor unit discharge rates
Authors: Murphy Spencer A. , Negro Francesco , Farina Dario , Onushko Tanya , Durand Matthew , Hunter Sandra K. , Schmit Brian D. , Hyngstrom Allison 
Published: October 2018

Following stroke, hyperexcitable sensory pathways, such as the group III/IV afferents that are sensitive to ischemia, may inhibit paretic motor neurons during exercise. We quantified the effects of whole leg ischemia on paretic vastus lateralis motor unit firing rates during submaximal isometric contractions. Ten chronic stroke survivors (>1 yr poststroke) and 10 controls participated. During conditions of whole leg occlusion, the discharge timings of motor units were identified from decomposition of high-density surface electromyography signals during repeated submaximal knee extensor contractions. Quadriceps resting twitch responses and near-infrared spectroscopy measurements of oxygen saturation as an indirect measure of blood flow were made. There was a greater decrease in paretic motor unit discharge rates during the occlusion compared with the controls (average decrease for stroke and controls, 12.3 ± 10.0% and 0.1 ± 12.4%, respectively; P < 0.001). The motor unit recruitment thresholds did not change with the occlusion (stroke: without occlusion, 11.68 ± 5.83%MVC vs. with occlusion, 11.11 ± 5.26%MVC; control: 11.87 ± 5.63 vs. 11.28 ± 5.29%MVC). Resting twitch amplitudes declined similarly for both groups in response to whole leg occlusion (stroke: 29.16 ± 6.88 vs. 25.75 ± 6.78 Nm; control: 38.80 ± 13.23 vs 30.14 ± 9.64 Nm). Controls had a greater exponential decline (lower time constant) in oxygen saturation compared with the stroke group (stroke time constant, 22.90 ± 10.26 min vs. control time constant, 5.46 ± 4.09 min; P < 0.001). Ischemia of the muscle resulted in greater neural inhibition of paretic motor units compared with controls and may contribute to deficient muscle activation poststroke. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Hyperexcitable inhibitory sensory pathways sensitive to ischemia may play a role in deficient motor unit activation post stroke. Using high-density surface electromyography recordings to detect motor unit firing instances, we show that ischemia of the exercising muscle results in greater inhibition of paretic motor unit firing rates compared with controls. These findings are impactful to neurophysiologists and clinicians because they implicate a novel mechanism of force-generating impairment poststroke that likely exacerbates baseline weakness.
Complications and Anticoagulation Strategies for Percutaneous Epicardial Ablation Procedures
Authors: Nakamura Tomofumi , Davogustto Giovanni E. , Schaeffer Benjamin , Tanigawa Shinichi , Muthalaly Rahul G. , Kanagasundram Arvindh , John Roy M. , Michaud Gregory F. , Tedrow Usha B. , Stevenson William G. 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Percutaneous pericardial access for catheter ablation is associated with a bleeding risk. We sought to elucidate the relation of hemorrhagic and thromboembolic events associated with epicardial procedures to anticoagulation strategy.

Methods:
Anticoagulation strategy before and during pericardial access for 355 patients (57±14 years old) who had ventricular arrhythmia mapping and ablation were reviewed. Oral anticoagulants were stopped perioperatively and heparin administered before the procedure. Pericardial bleeding >80 mL was considered significant. The patients were divided into 3 groups per the anticoagulation strategy. Group 1: no heparin was administered before pericardial access, group 2: heparin was administered and reversed before pericardial access, and group 3: heparin was administered and not reversed.

Results:

Significant pericardial bleeding occurred in 46 cases (13%) and did not differ among the groups (
P
=0.720). Unintentional cardiac puncture and left ventricular ejection fraction ≤35% were independently associated with pericardial bleeding (odds ratio, 16.4; 95% CI, 7.35–36.40;
P
<0.001 and odds ratio, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.02–5.10;
P
=0.044). Of 38 procedures with unintentional cardiac puncture, there was no difference in pericardial bleeding for different anticoagulation strategies. Thromboembolic events occurred in 5 patients; 1 coronary embolism, 1 stroke, 2 deep vein thrombosis with 1 fatal pulmonary embolism, and 1 thrombus on a temporary ventricular assist device.

Conclusions:
Bleeding is the major risk related to pericardial access and seems to be more related to unintentional cardiac puncture than to the anticoagulation strategy. Thrombotic complications are infrequent but potentially severe. The major focus for improving safety should be on the prevention of unintentional cardiac puncture.
Body Mass Index, Natriuretic Peptides, and Risk of Adverse Outcomes in Patients With Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction: Analysis From the TOPCAT Trial
Authors: Pandey Ambarish , Berry Jarett D. , Drazner Mark H. , Fang James C , Tang W. H. Wilson , Grodin Justin L. 
Published: October 2018

Background

The prognostic interrelationship between natriuretic peptide (
NP
) levels and body mass index (
BMI
) among patients with chronic stable heart failure with preserved ejection fraction is not well characterized.

Methods and Results

Participants from the
TOPCAT
(Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure With an Aldosterone Antagonist) trial enrolled in the Americas meeting inclusion by the
NP
stratum were stratified into 4 data‐derived categories by
BMI
and standardized
NP
‐z score. Adjusted Cox‐proportional models determined the independent association of
BMI
,
NP
‐z score, and
BMI
/
NP
categories with composite primary end point, heart failure hospitalization, and all‐cause mortality. The study population included 997 participants. There was a U‐shaped relationship between
BMI
and
NP
with elevated
NP
levels noted at extremes of
BMI
distribution. There was also a U‐shaped relationship between
BMI
and risk of adverse clinical outcomes with the lowest risk among patients approximating a
BMI
of 25 kg/m
2
. In contrast, higher
NP
levels were linearly associated with higher risk of adverse clinical outcomes. For
BMI
/
NP
‐based categories, participants in the high
BMI
/high
NP
group had greater prevalence of cardiac structural and functional abnormalities and the highest risk of adverse clinical outcomes (hazard ratio for primary end point; 95% confidence interval: 2.29 [1.36–3.84] Reference: low
BMI
/low
NP
).

Conclusions

There is a U‐shaped association between
BMI
and
NP
levels among patients with chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Higher
NP
levels are independently associated with a higher risk of mortality across both high and low
BMI
strata. Among obese patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, elevated
NP
levels identify a higher risk phenotype with a significantly increased incidence of both mortality and heart failure hospitalization.
Cardiovascular Risk Factors and White Matter Hyperintensities: Difference in Susceptibility in South Asians Compared With Europeans
Authors: Sudre Carole H. , Smith Lorna , Atkinson David , Chaturvedi Nish , Ourselin Sébastien , Barkhof Frederik , Hughes Alun D. , Jäger H. Rolf , Cardoso M. Jorge 
Published: October 2018

Background

Cardiovascular risk factors vary between ethnicities but little is known about their differential effects on white matter hyperintensities (
WMH
), an indicator of brain aging and burden of cerebrovascular disease.

Methods and Results

Brain magnetic resonance imaging scans from 213 people of South Asian and 256 of European ethnicity (total=469) were analyzed for global and regional
WMH
load. Associations with cardiovascular risk factors and a composite cardiovascular risk score (National Cholesterol Education Programme Adult Treatment Panel III) were compared by ethnicity, diabetes mellitus, smoking, and hypertension status. Distributional patterns of
WMH
were similar by ethnicity but the vulnerability to specific risk factors differed. Associations between
WMH
and age or National Cholesterol Education Programme Adult Treatment Panel III scores were stronger in South Asians compared with Europeans. For instance, a year of age led to an excess of 3.8% (confidence interval=[0.2, 7.6];
P
=0.04) of
WMH
load in frontal regions in South Asians compared with Europeans. In the diabetic subgroup, South Asians had more
WMH
than Europeans (+63.3%, confidence interval=[14.1, 133.9];
P
=0.007), particularly in the deeper regions (+102% confidence interval=[24, 329];
P
=0.004). In the population as a whole, diabetes mellitus was not, or only weakly, related to an increase in
WMH
volume (12.4%, confidence interval=[−10.7, 41.3];
P
=0.32), and diabetes mellitus duration was a positive predictor of frontal periventricular
WMH
load in Europeans but not in South Asians. In turn, diastolic blood pressure was positively associated with
WMH
volumes in South Asians but not in Europeans. Hypertension was not associated with
WMH
load (
P
=0.9).

Conclusions

Distribution patterns of
WMH
are similar in South Asians and Europeans but older age and higher cardiovascular risk are associated with more
WMH
in South Asians.
Intellectual Property Rights for Innovations on the Internet: The Islamic Law Requisites
Authors: Ishola Abdullahi Saliu , Solahudeen Isa Olawale , Akangbe Ibrahim 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Intellectual property (IP) protection has attracted diverse views among Islamic law researchers, leading to its eventual acceptance on the premise of indirect legal authority by most Muslim scholars. This paper explores the preconditions that any innovation on the internet must meet to enjoy IP protection under Islamic law. It provides working tools for Muslims on the principles to be observed in seeking IP protection for any of their innovations. It also urges governments of Muslim countries which have hitherto refused to accord legal protection to IP on religious grounds to change their position.
Storm Track Response to Oceanic Eddies in Idealized Atmospheric Simulations
Authors: Foussard A. , Lapeyre G. , Plougonven R. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTLarge-scale oceanic fronts, such as in western boundary currents, have been shown to play an important role in the dynamics of atmospheric storm tracks. Little is known about the influence of mesoscale oceanic eddies on the free troposphere, although their imprint on the atmospheric boundary layer is well documented. The present study investigates the response of the tropospheric storm track to the presence of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies associated with an eddying ocean. Idealized experiments are carried out in a configuration of a zonally reentrant channel representing the midlatitudes. The SST field is composed of a large-scale zonally symmetric front to which are added mesoscale eddies localized close to the front. Numerical simulations show a robust signal of a poleward shift of the storm track and of the tropospheric eddy-driven jet when oceanic eddies are taken into account. This is accompanied by more intense air–sea fluxes and convective heating above oceanic eddies. Also, a mean heating of the troposphere occurs poleward of the oceanic eddying region, within the storm track. A heat budget analysis shows that it is caused by a stronger diabatic heating within storms associated with more water advected poleward. This additional heating affects the baroclinicity of the flow, which pushes the jet and the storm track poleward.
Revising Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, criteria for the bipolar disorders: Phase I of the AREDOC project
Authors: Parker Gordon , Tavella Gabriela , Macqueen Glenda , Berk Michael , Grunze Heinz , Deckersbach Thilo , Dunner David L , Sajatovic Martha , Amsterdam Jay D , Ketter Terence A , Yatham Lakshmi N , Kessing Lars Vedel , Bassett Darryl , Zimmerman Mark , Fountoulakis Kostas N , Duffy Anne , Alda Martin , Calkin Cynthia , Sharma Verinder , Anand Amit , Singh Manpreet K , Hajek Tomas , Boyce Philip , Frey Benicio N , Castle David J , Young Allan H , Vieta Eduard , Rybakowski Janusz K , Swartz Holly A , Schaffer Ayal , Murray Greg , Bayes Adam , Lam Raymond W , Bora Emre , Post Robert M , Ostacher Michael J , Lafer Beny , Cleare Anthony J , Burdick Katherine E , O’Donovan Claire , Ortiz Abigail , Henry Chantal , Kanba Shigenobu , Rosenblat Joshua D , Parikh Sagar V , Bond David J , Grunebaum Michael F , Frangou Sophia , Goldberg Joseph F , Orum Margo , Osser David N , Frye Mark A , McIntyre Roger S , Fagiolini Andrea , Manicavasagar Vijaya , Carlson Gabrielle A , Malhi Gin S 
Published: October 2018

Objective: To derive new criteria sets for defining manic and hypomanic episodes (and thus for defining the bipolar I and II disorders), an international Task Force was assembled and termed AREDOC reflecting its role of Assessment, Revision and Evaluation of DSM and other Operational Criteria. This paper reports on the first phase of its deliberations and interim criteria recommendations. Method: The first stage of the process consisted of reviewing Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, and recent International Classification of Diseases criteria, identifying their limitations and generating modified criteria sets for further in-depth consideration. Task Force members responded to recommendations for modifying criteria and from these the most problematic issues were identified. Results: Principal issues focussed on by Task Force members were how best to differentiate mania and hypomania, how to judge ‘impairment’ (both in and of itself and allowing that functioning may sometimes improve during hypomanic episodes) and concern that rejecting some criteria (e.g. an imposed duration period) might risk false-positive diagnoses of the bipolar disorders. Conclusion: This first-stage report summarises the clinical opinions of international experts in the diagnosis and management of the bipolar disorders, allowing readers to contemplate diagnostic parameters that may influence their clinical decisions. The findings meaningfully inform subsequent Task Force stages (involving a further commentary stage followed by an empirical study) that are expected to generate improved symptom criteria for diagnosing the bipolar I and II disorders with greater precision and to clarify whether they differ dimensionally or categorically.
Modeling and analysis of the effect of substrate on the flexible piezoelectric films for kinetic energy harvesting from textiles
Authors: Chakhchaoui Nabil , Jaouani H , Ennamiri H , Eddiai A , Hajjaji A , Meddad M , Van Langenhove Lieva , Boughaleb Y 
Published: October 2018

In the last few years, a lot of research focused on increasing of smart textiles products such as woven and knitted structures, which are able to show significant change in their mechanical properties (such as shape and stiffness), in a practical way in response to the stimuli. In this paper, we investigate the potential of a flexible piezoelectric film stuck onto three woven textile matrices: cotton, polyester/cotton, and Kermel, for harvesting mechanical energy from the textile and converting it into electrical energy. At first, a brief introduction of energy harvesting using the piezoelectric material and smart textile is presented. Furthermore, a basic model showing the operation of polyvinylidene fluoride with 33 mode is established. The second part is focused on standard approach model of energy harvesting based on resistive load and freestanding piezo-polymer for the examination of the performance of 33-mode polyvinylidene fluoride energy harvester and the prediction of harvested energy quantity. A power analytical model generated by a smart structure type polyvinylidene fluoride that can be stuck onto fabrics and flexible substrates is investigated. On the other hand, the effects of various substrates and the sticking of these substrates on the piezoelectric material are reported. Additionally, the output power density of this theoretical model of woven textile matrices could reach a value that was seven times higher than freestanding piezo-polymer. Three types of the substrates have been compared as function of excitation frequency and the compressive applied force.