bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are we ready for the next anthrax outbreak? Lessons from a simulation exercise in a rural-based district in Uganda
Authors: Walekhwa Abel W. , Namakula Lydia N. , Nakazibwe Brenda , Ssekitoleko Richard , Mugisha Lawrence 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Anthrax is a bacterial zoonotic disease caused by Bacillus anthracis. We qualitatively examined facilitators and barriers to responding to a potential anthrax outbreak using the capability, opportunity, motivation behaviour model (COM-B model) in the high-risk rural district of Namisindwa, in Eastern Uganda. We chose the COM-B model because it provides a systematic approach for selecting evidence-based techniques and approaches for promoting the behavioural prompt response to anthrax outbreaks. Unpacking these facilitators and barriers enables the leaders and community members to understand existing resources and gaps so that they can leverage them for future anthrax outbreaks.
This was a qualitative cross-sectional study that was part of a bigger anthrax outbreak simulation study conducted in September 2023. We conducted 10 Key Informant interviews among key stakeholders. The interviews were audio recorded on Android-enabled phones and later transcribed verbatim. The transcripts were analyzed using a deductive thematic content approach through Nvivo 12.
The facilitators were; knowledge of respondents about anthrax disease and anthrax outbreak response, experience and presence of surveillance guidelines, availability of resources, and presence of communication channels. The identified barriers were; porous boarders that facilitate unregulated animal trade across, lack of essential personal protective equipment, and lack of funds for surveillance and response activities.
Generally, the district was partially ready for the next anthrax outbreak. The district was resourced in terms of human resources but lacked adequate funds for animal, environmental and human surveillance activities for anthrax and related response. The district technical staff had the knowledge required to respond to the anthrax outbreak but lacked adequate funds for animal, environmental and human surveillance for anthrax and related response. We think that our study findings are generalizable in similar settings and therefore call for the implementation of such periodic evaluations to help leverage the strong areas and improve other aspects. Anthrax is a growing threat in the region, and there should be proactive efforts in prevention, specifically, we recommend vaccination of livestock and further research for human vaccines.
Evaluation of early extubation in the operating room for paediatric patients after congenital open-heart surgery
Authors: Deraz Salem , Kambli Dinki , Patill Sachin , Abdou Gamal , Shauchenka Pavel , Elnady Hamza , Kamali Ahmed Al 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackground:Advances in surgical and perioperative care have reduced the need for prolonged mechanical ventilation in children following cardiac surgery.Aim of the study:To evaluate the feasibility and assess the clinical outcomes of an early extubation strategy in the operating room for children undergoing congenital heart surgery, including neonates (age < 28 days).Methods:This is a retrospective analysis including congenital open-heart surgery cases. We excluded patients who remained open chest postoperatively or patients with severe hemodynamic instability and high inotropic support from the study. Study variables include age, gender, weight, preoperative cardiac diagnosis, preoperative diagnosis of genetic or chromosomal abnormalities, prematurity, preoperative mechanical ventilation (invasive or non-invasive), cardiopulmonary bypass time, circulatory arrest time, postoperative use of inotropes, duration of mechanical ventilation, postoperative respiratory complication, sepsis, bleeding or other complications, paediatric cardiac ICU stay, total hospital stay, incidence of failed extubation, and operative or postoperative mortality.Results:This study included 163 patients who underwent congenital open cardiac surgery, out of these studied patients, 118 (72.4%) were extubated in the operating room. In total, 19.6% of studied patients had Down syndrome. Other genetic or chromosomal disorders were present among 8.6% of studied patients. There was a statistically significant difference between operating room extubation group and non-operating room extubation group regarding Risk Adjustment for Congenital Heart Surgery Score classification, postoperative paediatric ICU duration, postoperative hospital length of stay, vasoactive-inotrope score, duration of inotrope, open chest, and mortality.Conclusion:Extubation in the operating room after congenital open-heart surgery was successful in most of our patients, even following complex procedures.
Nutrition management programme for older adults in Ningxia nursing homes, China: evidence-based practice and the Delphi method
Authors: Liu Haiyan , Chen Li , Ning Yanhua , Guo Yahong , Kong Weijuan , Lv Xiongxiong , Li Meiman , Jiang Ting 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objectives:
To construct an evidence-based practice programme for the nutrition management of older adults in nursing homes. The programme will provide a basis for improving or solving the nutrition management problems of older adults in nursing homes.

Design:
The study is based on guideline evidence and Delphi method. The evidence was comprehensively searched, assessed and summarized, and the best evidence and a preliminary programme for nutrition management of older adults in nursing homes were aggregated. Then, the Delphi method was used to assess the applicability of the preliminary programme and the obstacle factors to modify, supplement and improve the nutrition management programme.

Setting:
Baseline survey data were collected from three nursing homes in Ningxia, China, and guideline evidence was obtained through systematic searches of the Cochrane Library, PubMed and other scientific databases, as well as relevant official websites.

Participants:
A total of 350 older adults residing nursing homes and 160 nurses participated in the baseline survey. To ensure the programme’s applicability and identify potential implementation obstacles, fifteen experts from local grade A hospitals, nursing homes and community health centres were consulted for review.

Results:
A fourteen-item, fifty-six-best-evidence nutrition management programme for older adults in nursing homes was developed based on five guideline evidences and baseline survey findings.

Conclusions:
This is a systematic and comprehensive nutritional management programme for older adults in nursing homes based on guideline evidence, which can provide a standardised basis for the implementation of scientific nutritional management in nursing homes in Ningxia. Managers should promote the translation of evidence into practice in accordance with the specific circumstances of individual nursing homes.
CLASS GROUP STATISTICS FOR TORSION FIELDS GENERATED BY ELLIPTIC CURVES
Authors: RAY ANWESH , WESTON TOM 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
For a prime p and a rational elliptic curve

$E_{/\mathbb {Q}}$

, set

$K=\mathbb {Q}(E[p])$

to denote the torsion field generated by

$E[p]:=\operatorname {ker}\{E\xrightarrow {p} E\}$

. The class group

$\operatorname {Cl}_K$

is a module over

$\operatorname {Gal}(K/\mathbb {Q})$

. Given a fixed odd prime number p, we study the average nonvanishing of certain Galois stable quotients of the mod-p class group

$\operatorname {Cl}_K/p\operatorname {Cl}_K$

. Here, E varies over all rational elliptic curves, ordered according to height. Our results are conditional, since we assume that the p-primary part of the Tate–Shafarevich group is finite. Furthermore, we assume predictions made by Delaunay for the statistical variation of the p-primary parts of Tate–Shafarevich groups. We also prove results in the case when the elliptic curve

$E_{/\mathbb {Q}}$

is fixed and the prime p is allowed to vary.
On the use of autocorrelation properties for diffuse reflection by coding metasurfaces
Authors: Uguen Thomas , Gillard Raphael , Loison Renaud , Pages-Mounic Jeanne , Pouliguen Philippe 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
One-bit coding metasurfaces combine two basic unit cells with out-of-phase responses. Their potential in achieving diffuse scattering has already been demonstrated. These metasurfaces can subsequently be applied to radar-signature control. This paper presents a theoretical analysis linking the scattered field to the autocorrelation of the code that encodes the metasurface. This analysis leads to a focus on Minimum Peak Sidelobes codes with autocorrelation characteristics similar to the unit impulse. Advances in other research areas have greatly enhanced the search for these kind of codes, making them directly usable for coding diffuse scattering metasurfaces. This approach is compared with existing codes, specifically examining how it performs against the optimal code found through exhaustive search in small-scale scenarios. Then, it is shown that this coding strategy facilitates the design of metasurfaces with any and large electrical sizes, achieving results comparable to those obtained through optimization-based approaches, at a significantly reduced computational workload.
Neddylation steers the fate of cellular receptors
Authors: Park Jun Bum , Lee Min Young , Lee Jooseung , Moon Geon Ho , Kim Sung Joon , Chun Yang-Sook 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCellular receptors regulate physiological responses by interacting with ligands, thus playing a crucial role in intercellular communication. Receptors are categorized on the basis of their location and engage in diverse biochemical mechanisms, which include posttranslational modifications (PTMs). Considering the broad impact and diversity of PTMs on cellular functions, we focus narrowly on neddylation, a modification closely resembling ubiquitination. We systematically organize its canonical and noncanonical roles in modulating proteins associated with cellular receptors with the goal of providing a more detailed perspective on the intricacies of both intracellular and cell-surface receptors.
Diet-induced obesity and aging-induced upregulation of Trib3 interfere with energy homeostasis by downregulating the thermogenic capacity of BAT
Authors: Yeo Hyejin , Lim Ji-Hye , Eom Ji , Kim MinJeong , Kwon Hyeji , Kang Sang-Wook , Song Youngsup 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCharacterized by UCP1 expression and abundant mitochondria, brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a crucial role in energy balance by converting chemical energy into heat through the cost of ATP production. In this study, it was demonstrated that Trib3 is a critical determinant of BAT-mediated energy expenditure and whole-body energy homeostasis. Under 60% high-fat diet conditions, Trib3 expression in BAT was elevated. Mice deficient in Trib3 are resistant to diet-induced obesity and exhibit improved glucose homeostasis due to enhanced BAT activity. Furthermore, brown adipocyte progenitor cells (APCs) lacking Trib3 exhibited increased proliferation and promoted brown adipocyte differentiation and mitochondrial biogenesis, contributing to the increase in the maximal thermogenic capacity of BAT in Trib3-deficient mice. Mechanistically, it was discovered that Trib3 expression is upregulated by free fatty acids at the transcriptional level and synergistically upregulated by DAG-PKC at the posttranslational level. This occurs through the modulation of COP1-mediated Trib3 protein turnover. Interestingly, the level of Trib3 expression in BAT increased with age. Trib3 knockout mice were protected from aging-related weight gain and impaired glucose homeostasis. These results suggest that Trib3 acts as an obesity- and aging-associated factor that negatively regulates BAT activity and that the loss of Trib3 may provide a beneficial approach to prevent obesity and aging-associated metabolic syndrome by increasing the thermogenic capacity of BAT.
Bearing the brunt: an exploration of the mental health and wellbeing of dental practice managers and receptionists in UK dental workplaces
Authors: Knights Jennifer , Batty Toni , Mills Ian ,   UK Dental Team Mental Health Research and Implementation Group
Published: December 2024

AbstractAim This study aimed to explore the mental health and wellbeing of dental practice managers and receptionists in the UK and inform opportunities for further study into this crucially important yet under-researched occupational group.Methods Dental practice managers and receptionists were invited to participate in an online questionnaire collecting quantitative and qualitative data on current levels of burnout, depressed mood, experienced trauma and preparedness to provide quality care in dental teams in the UK. Quantitative data were analysed to provide descriptive frequencies, and means and standard deviations were calculated for each scale. Qualitative data were collected via a free-text box and analysed using thematic analysis.Results In total, 130 questionnaire responses were received from dental practice managers and receptionists, of which 13 included a free-text response. Staff reported high levels of negative psychosocial impact, including depressive symptomology, burnout and trauma. Increasing pressures on staff, challenging relationships with patients and colleagues, and lack of recognition were identified as key stressors in UK dental workplaces.Discussion The findings suggest that the current pressures of the dental workplace are having a detrimental effect on the health and wellbeing of dental practice managers and receptionists in the UK. Failure to address the issues identified is likely to have an impact on the ability of this crucial workforce to deliver high-quality care.
A novel small molecule Enpp1 inhibitor improves tumor control following radiation therapy by targeting stromal Enpp1 expression
Authors: Baird Jason R , Alice Alejandro F , Saito Roland , Chai Qingqing , Han Minhua , Ng Cindy , Han Stephanie , Fernandez Beth , Ledoux Sarah , Grosse Johannes , Korman Alan J , Potuznik Megan , Rajamanickam Venkatesh , Bernard Brady , Crittenden Marka R , Gough Michael J 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe uniqueness in each person’s cancer cells and variation in immune infiltrates means that each tumor represents a unique problem, but therapeutic targets can be found among their shared features. Radiation therapy alters the interaction between the cancer cells and the stroma through release of innate adjuvants. The extranuclear DNA that can result from radiation damage of cells can result in production of the second messenger cyclic guanosine monophosphate–adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) by cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS). In turn, cGAMP can activate the innate sensor stimulator of interferon genes (STING), resulting in innate immune activation. Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (Enpp1) is a phosphodiesterase that can be expressed by cancer cells that can degrade cGAMP, thus can decrease or block STING activation following radiation therapy, impairing the innate immunity that is critical to support adaptive immune control of tumors. We observed that many human and murine cancer cells lack Enpp1 expression, but that Enpp1 is expressed in cells of the tumor stroma where it limits tumor control by radiation therapy. We demonstrate in preclinical models the efficacy of a novel Enpp1 inhibitor and show that this inhibitor improves tumor control by radiation even where the cancer cells lack Enpp1. This mechanism requires STING and type I interferon (IFN) receptor expression by non-cancer cells and is dependent on CD8 T cells as a final effector mechanism of tumor control. This suggests that Enpp1 inhibition may be an effective partner for radiation therapy regardless of whether cancer cells express Enpp1. This broadens the potential patient base for whom Enpp1 inhibitors can be applied to improve innate immune responses following radiation therapy.
Association between oxidative stress and postoperative delirium in joint replacement using diacron-reactive oxygen metabolites and biological antioxidant potential tests
Authors: Yuba Tomoo , Koyama Yoshihisa , Takahashi Ayako , Fujino Yuji , Shimada Shoichi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPostoperative delirium (POD) is a significant complication of surgery that most severely affects older adults and patients with cognitive impairment. This study investigated the relationship between POD and oxidative stress, hypothesizing that increased oxidative stress, measured using diacron-reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) and biological antioxidant potential (BAP) tests, is associated with the incidence of POD. This prospective cohort study, involving female patients who underwent unilateral or bilateral joint replacement, was conducted at the Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine from June 2022 to July 2023. Blood samples were collected preoperatively and postoperatively to measure oxidative stress markers using the REDOXLIBRA system. The primary endpoint was the association between changes in oxidative stress markers and the occurrence of POD as diagnosed using the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit and Richmond Agitation–Sedation Scale. Of the 144 patients screened, 60 were eligible, of which 5 developed POD (8.3%). Analysis of oxidative stress markers revealed no significant changes between preoperative and postoperative values of d-ROMs (mean increase + 6.3 ± 54.2 U CARR) and BAP (mean decrease − 37.4 ± 322.9 µM) tests, or BAP/d-ROMs ratio (mean decrease − 0.4 ± 1.7). Further, no significant differences were observed in oxidative stress markers between patients who underwent unilateral and bilateral procedures. However, patients with POD exhibited a significantly higher increase in d-ROMs than those without complications (p = 0.015), whereas changes in BAP and BAP/d-ROM ratios were not statistically significant. Although general oxidative stress markers do not significantly change postoperatively, increased d-ROM levels are associated with POD occurrence, indicating that oxidative stress could be a contributing factor to its development. This study underscores the need for further research into specific oxidative markers that may predict POD and guide the development of targeted interventions to prevent this debilitating condition.Trial registrationName of the registry Association Between Changes in Blood Oxidative Stress and Postoperative Delirium Following Joint Replacement Surgery: A Retrospective Study. Trial registration number 22021. Date of registration 6/29/2022. URL of trial registry recordhttps://bvits.dmi.med.osaka-u.ac.jp/esct/Apply/project.aspx?PROJECT_ID=6987.
Introducing all-inkjet-printed microneedles for in-vivo biosensing
Authors: Rosati Giulio , Deroco Patricia Batista , Bonando Matheus Guitti , Dalkiranis Gustavo G. , Cordero-Edwards Kumara , Maroli Gabriel , Kubota Lauro Tatsuo , Oliveira Osvaldo N. , Saito Lúcia Akemi Miyazato , de Carvalho Castro Silva Cecilia , Merkoçi Arben 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMicroneedles are mainly used for pain-free drug administration and in biosensing for wearable systems. They are also promising for fields such as agronomy for precision farming, but their fabrication is not straightforward, often requiring expensive equipment and cleanroom protocols, being unsuitable for mass production. Here, we report a new and simple method for the scalable fabrication of all-inkjet-printed conductive microneedles based on silver nanoparticles (extensible to any other metallic nanoparticle ink) and a simple example of their application for monitoring the electrochemical properties of plants.
The impact of momentary stress on autobiographical memory recall in a self-efficacy intervention
Authors: Rohde Judith , Meine Laura E. , Brown Adam D. , Kleim Birgit 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRecalling positive autobiographical memories has been associated with various positive psychological outcomes, including enhanced mental well-being and self-efficacy. Given the known impact of stress on cognitive functioning, we investigated how momentary stress affects the repeated recall of selected autobiographical mastery memories (e.g., memories of overcoming challenges) in a training to enhance self-efficacy. During this one-week digital training, participants (N = 54) were asked to recall mastery memories, and we assessed their momentary stress levels, memory vividness, and recall feasibility using Ecological Momentary Assessment. Analyses using linear mixed-effects models showed that participants reported greater difficulty and less vividness in recalling self-efficacy memories during moments of increased stress, whereas feeling relaxed facilitated recall feasibility and vividness. Though participants who experienced less recall difficulty appeared to benefit more, recall difficulty and vividness did not significantly moderate improvements in self-efficacy. While replication in a larger, more diverse sample is indicated, our findings underscore the importance of considering momentary affect in memory-based mental health interventions. Effects may be particularly pronounced when interventions are applied during the early stages of stress, when stress levels are still relatively low, aligning with the strategy of Just-in-Time Adaptive Interventions. Our study also highlights the potential benefits of combining memory recall practices with relaxation-promoting interventions to enhance mental health outcomes.
Long term impacts of early social environment on chimpanzee white matter
Authors: Mulholland Michele M. , Hecht Erin , Wesley Michael J. , Hopkins William D. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractEarly adverse rearing conditions are known to have deleterious consequences on social behavior, cognition, and brain development of both human and nonhuman primates. We analyzed archival diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data from mother- (MR) or nursery-reared (NR) chimpanzees and used support vector machine learning to determine whether we could retrospectively classify chimpanzees as MR or NR based on white matter fractional anisotropy (FA) decades after their rearing experiences. A significant proportion of chimpanzees were correctly classified as MR and NR based on white matter fractional anisotropy (76.32%; p = 0.004). Voxel-based morphometry revealed that MR chimpanzees had increased FA in the splenium/isthmus of the corpus collosum and premotor cortex, while NR chimpanzees had increased FA in the thalamic region, cuneus, and lateral genu of the corpus collosum (p < 0.01). A subset of the NR chimpanzees participated in early social interventions, but unlike gray matter, these interventions do not explain misclassification based on white matter. These findings suggest that nursery rearing has long-term effects on both gray and white matter, but that early interventions may ameliorate the effects on gray matter only. Future research should investigate the effectiveness and relative contributions of combined social, cognitive, and nutritional interventions on brain development in nonhuman primates.