bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LONG TERM NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL OUTCOME AND EFFECT OF COGNITIVE RESERVE IN RETIRED ATHLETES
Authors: Dewar B-K. , Murray J. , Pedder H. , Turner M. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesCognitive reserve is hypothesised as a protective process against cognitive impairment arising from brain injury. Different life experiences provide a shield against the effects of brain changes to modulate or delay the expression of cognitive impairment. The current study investigated the long-term neuropsychological outcome of retired, predominantly equestrian, athletes.MethodsNeuropsychological performance of participants with a history of concussion was compared to age-matched controls using Principle Components Analysis (PCA) regression, adjusted for participant characteristics. Premorbid function was used as an index of cognitive reserve.ResultsThree components were identified that explained greater than 95 percent of the variance in 14 neuropsychology tests; the first component (PC1) explained 87 percent of the variance. A regression model on PC1 identified an association between concussion and PC1, with lower scores in concussed participants with lower premorbid function.ConclusionsA history of concussion is associated with lower neuropsychological performance, and this is more pronounced in individuals with lower premorbid functioning, an indicator of cognitive reserve.What is already known on this topicThere is a need to clarify long term neuropsychological outcome following sports related concussion.What this study addsThere is a subset of retired athletes who are better able to withstand the cognitive impact of sports related concussion given higher cognitive reserve.How this study might affect research, practice or policyFuture research needs to explore modifiable factors to protect brain health in retired athletes, with the use of clinically meaningful measures of cognitive functioning. There is a need for longitudinal assessment and follow-up to clarify the role of cognitive reserve in retired athletes.
Integrating genetic data in target trial emulations improves their design and informs the value of polygenic scores for prognostic and predictive enrichment
Authors: German Jakob , Yang Zhiyu , Urbut Sarah , Vartiainen Pekka ,   FinnGen, Natarajan Pradeep , Pattorno Elisabetta , Kutalik Zoltan , Philippakis Anthony , Ganna Andrea 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the gold standard for evaluating the efficacy and safety of medical interventions but ethical, practical, and financial limitations often necessitate decisions based on observational data. The increasing volume of such data has prompted regulatory bodies to rely more on real-world evidence, primarily obtained through trial emulations. This study explores how genetic data can improve the design of both emulated and traditional trials. We successfully emulated four major cardiometabolic RCTs within FinnGen (N=425 483) and showed how reduced differences in polygenic scores (PGS) between trial arms track improved study design and consequently reduced residual confounding. Complementing these results with simulations, we show that PGS cannot be directly used to adjust for residual or unmeasured confounding. Instead, we propose an approach that uses genetic instruments for confounding detection and apply this approach to identify likely confounders in Empareg trial emulation. Finally, our results suggest that trial emulations can inform the practical application of PGS in RCTs, potentially improving statistical power. Such prognostic enrichment strategies need to be assessed in a trial-relevant population, and we show that, for 2 out of 4 emulated trials, the association between PGS and trial outcomes in the general population was different from what observed in the population included in the trial.In conclusion, our work shows that genetic information can improve the design of emulated trials. These results contribute to the establishment of a promising new era of genetically-informed clinical trials.
Cost-Effectiveness of Personalized Policies for Implementing Organ-at-Risk Sparing Adaptive Radiation Therapy in Head and Neck Cancer: A Markov Decision Process Approach
Authors: Hosseinian Seyedmohammadhossein , Suarez-Aguirre Daniel , Dede Cem , Garcia Raul , McCullum Lucas , Hemmati Mehdi , Karagoz Aysenur , Mohamed Abdallah S. R. , Lai Stephen Y. , Hutcheson Katherine A. , Moreno Amy C. , Brock Kristy K. , Nosrat Fatemeh , Fuller Clifton D. , Schaefer Andrew J. ,   the MD Anderson Head and Neck Cancer Symptom Working Group
Published: November 2024

AbstractPurposeTo develop a clinical decision-making model for implementation of personalized organ-at-risk (OAR)-sparing adaptive radiation therapy (ART) that balances the costs and clinical benefits of radiation plan adaptations, without limiting the number of re-plannings per patient, and derive optimal policies for head and neck cancer (HNC) radiation therapy.Methods and MaterialsBy leveraging retrospective CT-on-Rails imaging data from 52 HNC patients treated at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, a Markov decision process (MDP) model was developed to identify the optimal timing for plan adaptations based on the difference in normal tissue complication probability (ΔNTCP) between the planned and delivered dose to OARs. To capture the trade-off between the costs and clinical benefits of plan adaptations, the end-treatment ΔNTCPs were converted to Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALYs) and, subsequently, to equivalent monetary values, by applying a willingness-to-pay per QALY parameter.ResultsThe optimal policies were derived for 96 combinations of willingness-to-pay per QALY (W) and re-planning cost (RC). The results were validated through a Monte Carlo (MC) simulation analysis for two representative scenarios: (1) W = $200,000 and RC = $1,000; (2) W = $100,000 and RC = $2,000. In Scenario (1), the MDP model’s policy was able to reduce the probability of excessive toxicity, characterized by ΔNTCP ≥ 5%, to zero (down from 0.21 when no re-planning was done) at an average cost of $380 per patient. Under Scenario (2), it reduced the probability of excessive toxicity to 0.02 at an average cost of $520 per patient.ConclusionsThe MDP model’s policies can significantly improve the treatment toxicity outcomes compared to the current fixed-time (one-size-fits-all) approaches, at a fraction of their costs per patient. This work lays the groundwork for developing an evidence-based and resource-aware workflow for the widespread implementation of ART under limited resources.
Rabies Test Accuracy: Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis for Human and Canine Diagnostics
Authors: Candia-Puma Mayron Antonio , Pola-Romero Leydi , Barazorda-Ccahuana Haruna Luz , Goyzueta-Mamani Luis Daniel , Sobreira Galdino Alexsandro , Machado-de-Ávila Ricardo Andrez , Cordeiro Giunchetti Rodolfo , Ferraz Coelho Eduardo Antonio , Chávez-Fumagalli Miguel Angel 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRabies is almost invariably fatal once clinical symptoms manifest. Timely and accurate diagnosis is essential for effective treatment and prevention. Dogs are the principal reservoirs of the virus, particularly in developing nations, highlighting the importance of precise diagnostic and control measures to prevent human cases. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the accuracy of laboratory tests for diagnosing rabies in humans and dogs. The PubMed database was searched for published studies on rabies diagnosis between 1990 and 2024. Following PRISMA statement recommendations, we included 60 studies that met the selection criteria. The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of immunological tests, such as the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and molecular tests, such as reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), in diagnosing rabies in humans. Similarly, immunological tests, rapid immunochromatographic tests (RIT), ELISA, and molecular tests (RT-PCR) were effective in diagnosing rabies in dogs. Compared to the direct fluorescent antibody test (DFAT), the area under the curve restricted to false positive rates (AUCFPR= 0.887) exhibited considerable variability and lower diagnostic accuracy. Both ELISA (AUCFPR= 0.909) and RT-PCR (AUCFPR= 0.905) offered more consistent and reliable results. Notably, RIT displayed the highest performance (AUCFPR= 0.949), with excellent sensitivity and specificity, underscoring the superior diagnostic capabilities of these methods over the traditional DFAT. Given the performance of the DFAT, it is imperative to reassess and modernize rabies diagnostic protocols by integrating advanced technological methodologies. Enhancing diagnostic precision for humans and dogs is essential for facilitating timely and effective interventions, curbing viral transmission, and ultimately decreasing mortality rates.
Visual preferences for communicating modelling: a global analysis of COVID-19 policy and decision makers
Authors: Hadley Liza , Rich Caylyn , Tasker Alex , Restif Olivier , Funk Sebastian 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEffective communication of modelling results to policy and decision makers has been a longstanding challenge in times of crises. This communication takes many forms - visualisations, reports, presentations - and requires careful consideration to ensure accurate maintenance of the key scientific messages. Science-to-policy communication is further exacerbated when presenting fundamentally uncertain forms of science such as infectious disease modelling and other types of modelled evidence, something which has been understudied. Here we assess the communication and visualisation of modelling results to national COVID-19 policy and decision makers in 13 different countries. We present a synthesis of recommendations on what aspects of visuals, graphs, and plots policymakers found to be most helpful in their COVID-19 response work. This work serves as a first evidence base for developing guidelines on the communication and translation of modelling-to-policy.
Multiple roles for TFG ring complexes in neuronal cargo trafficking
Authors: Zhang Ziheng , Lettman Molly M. , Schuh Amber L. , Bhattacharyya Basudeb , Randolph Peter , Nandakumar Trisha , Kulkarni Ishan , Roach Alexander , Alvin James R. , Gengler Diane , Stagg Scott M. , Keck James L. , Audhya Anjon 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPathological variants in Trk-fused gene (TFG) have been implicated in a variety of neurodegenerative conditions. In particular, mutations within its amino-terminal PB1 domain have been suggested to cause hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP), resulting in progressive lower limb spasticity and weakness. The structural basis for this effect is unknown. Here, we combine X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy to determine a structural model of TFG, demonstrating the mechanism by which it forms octameric ring complexes. A network of electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions defines the interface between protomers. Moreover, we show that mutations identified previously in HSP patients disrupt this interface, destabilizing octamers, which ultimately leads to axonopathy. Surprisingly, the impacts of these variants are not equivalent in vivo, highlighting the existence of multiple, distinct mechanisms by which TFG mutations contribute to neurodegenerative disease.
Structure of the microtubule anchoring factor NEDD1 bound to the γ-tubulin ring complex
Authors: Muñoz-Hernández Hugo , Xu Yixin , Zhang Daniel , Xue Allen , Aher Amol , Camardiel Aitor Pellicer , Walker Ellie , Marxer Florina , Kapoor Tarun M. , Wieczorek Michal 
Published: November 2024

SummaryThe γ-tubulin ring complex (γ-TuRC) is an essential multiprotein assembly, in which γ-tubulin, GCP2-6, actin, MZT1 and MZT2 form an asymmetric cone-shaped structure that provides a template for microtubule nucleation. The γ-TuRC is recruited to microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs), such as centrosomes and pre-existing mitotic spindle microtubules, via the evolutionarily-conserved attachment factor NEDD1. NEDD1 contains an N-terminal WD40 domain that binds to microtubules, and a C-terminal domain that associates with the γ-TuRC. However, the structural basis of the NEDD1-γ-TuRC interaction is not known. Here, we report cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of NEDD1 bound to the human γ-TuRC in the absence or presence of the activating factor CDK5RAP2, which interacts with GCP2 to induce conformational changes in the γ-TuRC and promote its microtubule nucleating function. We found that the C-terminus of NEDD1 forms a tetrameric α-helical assembly that contacts the lumen of the γ-TuRC cone, is anchored to GCP4, 5 and 6 via protein modules consisting of MZT1 & GCP3 subcomplexes, and orients its microtubule-binding WD40 domains away from the complex. We biochemically tested our structural models by identifying NEDD1 mutants unable to pull-downγ-tubulin from cultured cells. The structure of the γ-TuRC simultaneously bound to NEDD1 and CDK5RAP2 reveals that both factors can associate with the “open” conformation of the complex. Our results show that NEDD1 does not induce conformational changes in the γ-TuRC, but suggest that anchoring of γ-TuRC-capped microtubules by NEDD1 would be structurally compatible with the significant conformational changes experienced by the γ-TuRC during microtubule nucleation.
Multiplicity distributions in the eikonal and the
U
-matrix unitarization schemes
Authors: Luna E. G. S. , Ryskin M. G. 
Published: November 2024

The multiplicity distribution of charged particles produced in the central rapidity (|η|<2.5) region is calculated for the eikonal and the U-matrix unitarization schemes using the Abramovsky-Gribov-Kancheli (AGK) cutting rules and compared with the ATLAS 13 TeV data. The data favors the eikonal approach.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Impact of firm’s supply chain network position on digital transformation: evidence from China
Authors: Yan Haifeng , Yang Xinyue 
Published: November 2024

Purpose
Given the complexity and increasing interdependence of supply chain networks, a broader perspective beyond a simple binary relationship is needed to analyse the impact of supply chain networks on firms. Based on social network theory, this study aims to explore the relationship between firms’ network position in the supply chain network and digital transformation, as well as the moderating effects of structural holes and network partners’ digitalisation.

Design/methodology/approach
This study analyses a sample of Chinese A-share companies listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges for the period 2011–2020 using regression analysis to test hypothesised relationships.

Findings
A firm’s centrality in the supply chain network is positively related to its digital transformation, and that the firm’s structural holes and the level of network partners’ digitalisation can both strengthen the positive influence of network centrality on digital transformation. Moreover, the heterogeneity analysis reveals that the positive effect of firms’ network centrality on digital transformation is more pronounced in non-SOEs and upstream firms.

Practical implications
In the pursuit of digital transformation, firms should recognise the significance of their position in the supply chain network and enhance their capability for information and resource acquisition by proactively strengthening their business cooperation with other network members. Moreover, firms should emphasise the value of open networks and their partners in supply chain networks.

Originality/value
This study applies social network theory to investigate the role of a firm’s external supply chain network in its digital transformation, clarifying the context and boundaries in which a firm’s position in the supply chain network influences digital transformation. The results extend the research and theoretical perspective on digital transformation and the consequences of supply chain networks.
A multi-objective constraint programming approach to address clustering problems in mine planning
Authors: Mariz Jorge Luiz Valença , Peroni Rodrigo de Lemos , Silva Ricardo Martins de Abreu , Badiozamani Mohammad Mahdi , Askari-Nasab Hooman 
Published: November 2024

PurposeThe mine sequencing problem is NP-hard. Therefore, simplifying it is necessary. One way to do this is to employ clusters as input instead of individual blocks. The mining cut clustering problem has been little addressed in the literature, and the solutions used are almost always heuristic. We solve the mining cut clustering problem, which is NP-hard, through single- and multi-objective optimization, finding results that are local optima in acceptable computational time.Design/methodology/approachWe first elaborate an ILP-based model to address the mining cut clustering problem. We employ a mono-objective approach and two multi-objective approaches, solving all these models by constraint programming. To choose the best solutions generated by multi-objective approaches, we employ two multi-criteria decision analysis approaches, considering different weight configurations. We developed a case study using real data.FindingsWe verified that the approaches based on multi-objective optimization performed better than the mono-objective approach for the economic return criterion. The weighted-sum multi-objective approach presented the best results considering all objective functions used. Once viable solutions were obtained through multi-objective optimization, multi-criteria decision analysis approaches almost always selected the same solution. We obtained solutions that are local optima in acceptable computational time.Research limitations/implicationsThis study solves an instance with 80 blocks. Consequently, it is aimed at short-term mine planning. The methodology has not yet been evaluated in large instances related to medium- and long-term mine planning.Originality/valueThis is the first time that multi-objective optimization has been employed to solve the mining cut custering problem. Even other problems related to mine planning were, at most, solved by goal programming, so that multi-objective optimization is a knowledge that is not widespread among mining researchers. The results are consistent, and the study achieves the objective of finding quality solutions to an NP-hard problem in an acceptable computational time.
Pathways to motivation and learning in English language education: a case of two youths engaging in multiliteracies
Authors: Karjagdi Çolak Miranda 
Published: November 2024

Purpose
This study investigates the effect of digital multimodal composing (DMC) on student motivation and literacy in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) contexts. It explores how students engaged in creating digital animations to respond to literary texts and the implications for integrating DMC into traditional literacy practices. Grounded in social semiotic theory and Self-Determination Theory, this study aims to understand how digital composing influences student engagement, motivation and literacy development.

Design/methodology/approach
Qualitative data were gathered over a six-month period using a combination of student surveys, semi-structured interviews, reflection logs and student-produced scripts/animations. This study focused on two university students who engaged in multimodal projects as part of their extracurricular EFL activities, examining their processes and reflections.

Findings
Students demonstrated strong intrinsic motivation during DMC processes, largely due to the social affordances provided by digital multimodal composing. By combining traditional literacy skills with digital practices, students experienced enhanced creative expression, enhanced meaning-making and a deeper understanding of literary texts through the production and sharing of animated videos. This process promoted both emotional and cognitive engagement, emphasizing the importance of teacher guidance and digital tools in creating a more dynamic and supportive learning environment.

Practical implications
This study outlines a practical approach to DMC through a structured process: selecting and reading a book, proposing a change as if requesting it from the author, creating and sharing a video on YouTube to explain the change and reflecting on the experience. This approach can guide educators in designing activities that deepen student engagement, enhance critical thinking and integrate digital tools with traditional learning methods.

Originality/value
This study contributes to the understanding of how digital technologies can transform traditional literacy practices, offering insights into the benefits of multimodal composition for language learning and motivation in EFL contexts. It provides practical examples of how students and teachers can leverage digital tools to enhance literacy education and prepare students for 21st-century challenges.
Examining the implementation of UN sustainable development goals in Brazilian universities
Authors: Rosa Marcos Roque da , Moggi Sara , Boscarioli Clodis , Freitas Zara Kátya Regina de 
Published: November 2024

Purpose
This study aims to examine how Brazilian universities have implemented the sustainable development goals (SDGs) in institutional practices, curriculum and teaching, management and community outreach programs.

Design/methodology/approach
This study is based on content analysis of the data sets of Brazilian higher education courses and their link to SDGs. A literature review has also been developed to integrate the knowledge of sustainability practices in Brazilian universities. Dashboards will be used to present the related findings.

Findings
Brazilian universities’ practices have concentrated their efforts on SDGs, which include responsible consumption and production, sustainable cities and communities and quality education. The literature emphasizes energy efficiency, reflecting its prominence as a subject of study among universities.

Originality/value
This research highlights the innovative use of data analysis techniques to present the findings. It also provides examples of environmental, social and governance (ESG) practices, frameworks and tools that can help sustainability management in this sector.
Impact of sports brands’ activities: Are consumers willing to pay a price premium?
Authors: Ryu Min-Ah , Kim Han Soo , Chiu Weisheng , Lee Seomgyun 
Published: November 2024

PurposeThe environmental, social and governance (ESG) movement has become a global phenomenon, penetrating even the sports branding industry. Accordingly, this study investigated whether ESG activities can lead to positive attitudes among customers and thereby affect their behavioral intentions.Design/methodology/approachWe collected data by administering questionnaires to 154 consumers, after which we conducted partial least squares structural equation modeling to test the hypothesized relationships.FindingsThe results indicated that ESG activities favorably influenced brand image and brand loyalty. Brand loyalty was positively associated with the willingness to pay (WTP) for a price premium. The indirect effect of brand loyalty was confirmed in the association between ESG activities and WTP a price premium. ESG activities indirectly affected WTP a price premium via serial mediation through brand image and brand loyalty.Originality/valueThis research extends our understanding of the mechanism behind consumers’ decision-making processes on the basis of ESG activities and their impact on WTP a price premium.