bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Making rural health care better: How to attract interns to rural hospital
Authors: Feigin Eugene , Ronen Ohad 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveWe examined the factors that influence medical school graduates’ choices for the place of internship, so that they can guide policy‐makers to attract interns to rural hospitals.DesignA national survey.SettingRural and metropoles of Israel.ParticipantsThree‐hundred‐and‐thirty‐nine interns who did their internships during the years 2016‐2018.Main outcome measureThe participants completed a web survey. We used the results of this survey to deduce which factors were influential in helping the interns choose a hospital for their year of internship.ResultsWe received 339 questionnaires from medical school graduates of years 2015‐2017. We found that the most influential factors in attracting interns to rural hospital internships are the availability of desired residency and exposure to a rural curriculum in medical school. This far outweighed any economic or life quality incentives. In addition, we found that the exposure to rural hospitals during the medical school years increases the likelihood of choosing an internship in a rural hospital.ConclusionsThe most important factor for choosing a hospital for internship is the availability of lucrative residencies. Thus, we believe the best way to attract good interns would be to make the desired residency positions available for them. Furthermore, it might be more successful to target either students who have studied in a university affiliated with rural hospital rotations or graduates of universities outside of the country.
Carotid intima‐media thickness in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and survival: A multicenter prospective study
Authors: Gulbas Gazi , Turan Onur , Sarioglu Nurhan , Diken Ozlem Ercen , Ogan Nalan , Ekbic Kadioglu Esra , Kurtipek Ercan , Bozkus Fulsen , Yilmaz Demirci Nilgün , Coskun Beyan Ayşe , Mutlu Levent Cem , Sahin Duyar Sezgi , Deniz Sami , Fazlioglu Nevin , Sengul Aysun , Tanriverdi Hakan , Okutan Oğuzhan , Turan Pakize Ayse , İnonu Handan , Ortakoylu Mediha Gonenc , Lakadamyali Huseyin , Kivanc Tulay , Atli̇ Ozgur , Özdemir Ozer , Filiz Koşar A. , Mirici Arzu , Suerdem Mecit 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntroductionChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Carotid intima‐media thickness (CIMT) is a noninvasive method assessing atherosclerosis.ObjectiveIt was aimed to determine relationship and survival between COPD and CIMT.MethodsCIMT was measured using Doppler ultrasound (USG) in 668 stable COPD patients at 24 centers. Patients were followed‐up for 2 years.ResultsThere were 610 patients who completed the study. There were 200 patients CIMT with <0.78 mm (group 1), and 410 with CIMT ≥ 0.78 mm (group 2). There was a significant difference at the parameters of age, gender, smoking load, biomass exposure, GOLD groups and degree of airway obstruction (FEV1) between groups 1 and 2. Our results revealed positive correlations between mean CIMT and age, smoking load (pack‐years), biomass exposure (years), exacerbation rate (last year), duration of hypertension (years) and cholesterol level; negative correlations between CIMT and FEV1 (P < 0.05). According to logistic regression model, compared with group A, risk of CIMT increase was 2.2‐fold in group B, 9.7‐fold in group C and 4.4‐fold in group D (P < 0.05). Risk of CIMT increase was also related with cholesterol level (P < 0.05). Compared with infrequent exacerbation, it was 2.8‐fold in the patients with frequent exacerbation (P < 0.05). The mean survival time was slightly higher in group 1, but not significant (23.9 vs 21.8 months) (P > 0.05).ConclusionThis study is the first regarding CIMT with combined GOLD assessment groups. It has revealed important findings supporting the increase in atherosclerosis risk in COPD patients. We recommend Doppler USG of the carotid artery in COPD patients at severe stages.
Long‐term results of desensitization protocol with and without rituximab in sensitized kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Green Hefziba , Nesher Eviatar , Aizner Sigal , Israeli Moshe , Klein Tirza , Zakai Hana , Rahamimov Ruth , Rozen‐Zvi Benaya , Mor Eytan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundDesensitization protocols have been developed in order to overcome the immunological barrier of donor‐specific anti‐HLA antibodies (DSA).MethodsDuring 2006‐2012, we implemented a program for desensitizing sensitized (positive DSA, negative NIH‐CDC crossmatch) living‐donor recipients. The long‐term outcome of 36 sensitized recipients, treated with IVIG and plasmapheresis (PP), with or without rituximab (added when > 7500 MFI), was compared to 252 non‐sensitized living‐donor recipients.ResultsMedian peak DSA level before desensitization was 7223 (range 3567‐16 000) MFI. During a mean follow‐up of 121.9 months, graft loss occurred in 6/36 (17%) of the sensitized and 15/251 (6%) of the non‐sensitized recipients (P = 0.021). Five‐year and 10‐year death‐censored graft survival rates were 85% and 81% compared to 95% and 92%, respectively, for the non‐sensitized recipients. There was no difference in recipients’ survival. Slightly more episodes of acute rejection occurred in the sensitized group but had not influence on graft survival. At the last follow‐up, 28 recipients had functioning graft; seventeen (47%) did not have detectable DSA. Eleven recipients had excellent graft function despite having detectable DSA.ConclusionThe long‐term outcomes of sensitized recipients who underwent desensitization are encouraging. Adding rituximab to PP + IVIG in candidates with very high titers may result in improved outcome.
Land, Law and Courts in India: Tracing Land Rights Debates through Processes of Judicial Decision Making
Authors: Sinha Meenakshi 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTThe pace of industrial and allied infrastructure development in India is encumbered by scarcity in the supply of land. As a result, the state in India has frequently resorted to expropriation of land through conversion of land away from its traditional uses and through displacement of communities. Consequently, land acquisition in the country is mired in disputes over human rights and environmental rights violations. In the face of continued political support for infrastructure‐led development in India, those who stand to lose their land have often resorted to judicial recourse for pressing their rights. This article draws on empirical evidence from court cases related to two urban development projects in the states of Karnataka and Kerala to examine how courts have responded to the question of violation of land rights and appeals against land acquisition for the two projects. The author argues that the courts, while responding to the claims against the two projects, have refrained from holding the implementing agencies or the state governments accountable even in cases where there were recognizable incidents of malfeasance. The article illustrates that the inability of the courts to confront the state lends a tacit assent to the development agenda of the state.
Pupillometry reveals communication‐induced object expectations in 12‐ but not 8‐month‐old infants
Authors: Pätzold Wiebke , Liszkowski Ulf 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSeveral interaction‐based and looking‐time studies suggest that 1‐year‐old infants understand the referential nature of deictic gestures. However, these studies have not unequivocally established that referential gestures induce object expectations in infants prior to encountering a referent object, and have thus remained amenable to simpler attentional highlighting interpretations. The current study tested whether nonlinguistic referential communication induces object expectations in infants by using a novel pupil dilation paradigm. In Experiment 1, 12‐month‐olds watched videos of a protagonist who either pointed communicatively toward an occluder in front of her or remained still. At test, the occluder opened to reveal one of two outcomes: an empty surface or a toy. Results showed that infants’ pupils were larger for the unexpected outcome of an empty surface following a point compared to the control condition (an empty surface following no point). These differences were not caused by differences in looking times or directions. In Experiment 2, an attention‐directing nonsocial control cue replaced the referential communication. The cue did direct 12‐month‐olds’ attention to the occluder, but it did not induce an object expectation. In Experiment 3, we tested 8‐month‐olds in the setting of Experiment 1. In contrast to 12‐month‐olds, 8‐month‐olds did not reveal object expectations following communication. Findings demonstrate that communicative pointing acts induce object expectations at 12 months of age, but not at 8 months of age, and that these expectations are specific to a referential‐communicative as opposed to an attention‐directing nonsocial cue.
A review of normal radiographical variants commonly mistaken for pathological findings in horses
Authors: Hinkle F. E. , Johnson S. A. , Selberg K. T. , Barrett M. F. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryA normal variant is an atypical finding present in a percentage of the population that generally has no clinical significance and is considered within the spectrum of normal findings. Normal variants are recognised upon gross anatomical dissection and also observed radiographically. Understanding the range of normal variants is essential for proper radiographical interpretation. This ensures that these variants are not mistaken for pathological lesions and helps avoid radiographical misdiagnosis. Common sites of normal anatomical variation in the foot, pastern, carpus, tarsus, elbow, shoulder and axial skeleton are reviewed.
Dynamic framework to mining Internet of Things for multimedia services
Authors: Khamayseh Yaser , Mardini Wail , Atwood J. William , Aldwairi Monther 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe rapid and unprecedented technological advancements are currently dominated by two technologies. At one hand, we witness the rise of the Internet of Things (IoT) as the next evolution of the Internet. At the other hand, we witness a vast spread of social networks that connects people together socially and opens the door for people to share and express ideas, thoughts, and information. IoT is overpopulated by a vast number of objects, millions of multimedia services, and interactions. Therefore, the search of the right object that can provide the specific multimedia service is considered as an important issue. The merge of these two technologies resulted in new paradigm called Social IoT (SIoT). The main idea in SIoT is that every object can mine IoT in search for certain multimedia service. We investigate the issue of friends' management in SIoT and propose a framework to manage friends' requests. The proposed framework employs several mechanisms to better manage friends' relationships. The proposed framework consists of friend selection, friendship removal, and an update module. It proposes a weight‐based algorithm and Naïve Bayes Classifier‐based algorithm for the selection component. Moreover, a random service allocation model is proposed to construct service‐specific network model. This model is then used in the simulation setup to examine the performance of different friends' management algorithms. The performance of the proposed framework is evaluated using simulation under different scenarios. The obtained simulation results show improvement over other strategies in terms of average degree of connections, average path length, local cluster coefficients, and throughput.
Prescribing of proton pump inhibitors for gastrointestinal bleeding prophylaxis in the Lebanese outpatient setting: patterns, compliance with guidelines and risks
Authors: Soubra Lama , Issa Mohamed 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Objectives
To determine patterns of proton pump inhibitor (PPIs) prescribing for gastrointestinal bleeding prophylaxis (GIBP) in the Lebanese outpatient setting, to assess their compliance with guidelines for approved GIBP indications and to delineate independent factors that are associated with non-compliance.

Methods
A community-based multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted. Eligible patients were those who presented to the community pharmacy setting with a PPI prescription for GIBP. Prescriptions were reviewed by a clinical pharmacist to ascertain their compliance with guidelines approved for GIBP indications. Several variables were tested to determine independent factors that were associated with guidelines non-compliance.

Key findings
Of the 720 reviewed PPI prescriptions, 297 (41.25%) were found to be compliant with guidelines approved for GIBP indications. The presence of two or more comorbid conditions, prescribing initiated by a primary care physician, patients taking three or more medications, and prescribing of NSAIDs including low-dose aspirin were found to be independent factors that were significantly associated with PPI prescribing non-compliance (P ≤ 0.05). PPIs were also inappropriately coprescribed with corticosteroids (102 (24.1%)), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) (48 (11.4%)), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (20 (4.7%)) and bisphosphonates (13 (3.1%)) for GIBP.

Conclusion
This study demonstrated that PPIs were appropriately prescribed for GIBP in less than the half of the study patients. The need for improvement of clinical practice in this regard is therefore indispensable since inappropriate prescribing is costly and put the patient at risk for adverse health outcomes. Strategies to alter inappropriate prescribing may include education, guidelines awareness and decision support systems.
Optimization of processing variables for the development of virgin coconut oil cake based extruded snacks
Authors: Shameena Beegum Puthiya P. , Manikantan Musuvadi R. , Sharma Monika , Pandiselvam Ravi , Gupta Ram K. , Hebbar Kukkehalli B. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractVirgin coconut oil (VCO) is a value added export‐oriented coconut product. One of the major by‐products of VCO called as VCO cake is a rich source of protein (15%) which is presently underutilized. The effect of important variables including percent of VCO cake (20–30%), screw speed (300–350 rpm) and feed moisture (14–18%) on physical, pasting, functional, textural, and sensory attributes of VCO cake based extruded snacks were estimated using Box and Behnken Design. The responses studied were expansion ratio, bulk density, peak viscosity, hardness, water solubility index, water absorption index and overall acceptability of sensory attributes. The optimized conditions obtained for the extrudates were 28.7% VCO cake, 14% feed moisture, and 300 rpm screw speed with the maximum desirability of 0.88. The percentage of protein, carbohydrate, crude fiber, and ash in the optimized sample were 11.14, 74.19, 1.58, and 2.3%, respectively. The promising results suggest that addition of VCO cake has improved the protein content of the extrudates with high consumer acceptability.Practical applicationVirgin coconut oil (VCO) is a leading value‐added product of coconut. Among the different production methods of VCO, hot processed VCO has more functional compounds such as polyphenols, antioxidants, and phytosterols. Hence, it is mainly used to consume orally. Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)‐Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod, India, has been transferred the VCO production technology to about 30 entrepreneurs from the last 5 years. The mean recovery of VCO cake during hot process VCO production is estimated at 6.3–8.8% of fresh kernel weight (i.e., 1 kg kernel give 63–88 g VCO cake) of the WCT coconut variety. VCO cake is a rich source of protein. By selling this by‐product in the form of extrudates would definitely give more income to the entrepreneurs apart from residue management. The results indicated that 28.7% VCO cake in the extruded formulation gave a nutritious product with a calorific value of 388 imparted with the natural sweetness of VCO cake.
The efficacy of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet with respect to improving pregnancy outcomes in women with hypertensive disorders
Authors: Jiang F. , Li Y. , Xu P. , Li J. , Chen X. , Yu H. , Gao B. , Xu B. , Li X. , Chen W. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet serves as a dietary pattern for the prevention and control of hypertension. The present study aimed to investigate whether the DASH diet can improve the outcomes of pregnancy with gestational hypertension (GH) and chronic hypertension.MethodsThe current randomised controlled clinical trial was performed in 85 pregnant women diagnosed with GH and chronic hypertension between July 2015 and December 2017. The women were categorised into a control group (41 cases) and a DASH group (44 cases). Participants were followed until delivery. The clinical outcomes of mothers included gestational weeks of birth, delivery mode, postpartum haemorrhage and GH, as well as the incidence of pre‐eclampsia during the second and third trimesters. Newborn measurements were collected by evaluating prematurity, birth weight, body length and neonatal Apgar score.ResultsThe incidence of pre‐eclampsia, prematurity and low birth weight in the DASH group was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Significant differences were also observed in gestational age at delivery and the newborn body length between the two groups (P < 0.05). We failed to find a significant difference in changes of delivery mode, postpartum haemorrhage, postpartum GH, mean birth weight and Apgar score (P > 0.05) between the two diets.ConclusionsA DASH diet might comprise a potential strategy for improving the clinical outcomes in pregnant women with GH and chronic hypertension. Future robust clinical trials are warranted to corroborate these findings.
Characteristics of the social networks of families living with parental cancer and support provided
Authors: Hauken May Aasebø , Dyregrov Kari , Senneseth Mette 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the characteristics of the social networks of families living with parental cancer and the kind of social support they provide compared with what the families report having received.BackgroundParental cancers are highly distressing for both parents and children. Among other concerns, families report a severe lack of social support. However, we know little about these families’ private social networks, nor support provided and received as reported by network members and the family.MethodsUsing a descriptive cross‐sectional design, 16 families living with parental cancer and 130 of their network members participated. Healthy parents and network members filled out The Assistance Questionnaire‐Receivers of support (AQR)/The Assistance Questionnaire‐Providers of Support (AQP).ResultsNetwork members were mainly resourceful friends (44%) and family members (42%). Only 1/3 became supporters at diagnosis, and nearly 50% had to be asked. Supporters provided a variety of types of help, especially emotional support. A match between the perception of the healthy parent and that of the network members was found for provided (p = 0.211) and received (p = 0.741) support. Supporters were satisfied with their provided support, experiencing it as rewarding and associated with few negative aspects. The STROBE checklist for observational studies was followed in reporting the results.ConclusionsThe social networks, being mainly family and friends, were able to provide different types of help, especially emotional support. A useful suggestion may be to involve supporters at an earlier stage, providing more practical support.Relevance for clinical practiceNurses are in a unique position to promote social support for families living with parental cancer by embracing a network focus, by emphasising the importance and potential of social support, by helping families to map their network and by teaching them how to be explicit in their requests for support.
Custom Nasal Septum Prosthesis Fabricated from a 3D‐Printed Working Model: A Clinical Report
Authors: Somohano Marquez Tanya 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis clinical report describes the treatment of a 47‐year‐old female patient with a nasal septum perforation. The treatment used a 2‐piece magnetic custom prosthesis fabricated from a 3D‐printed model. By using an existing medical CT scan to generate the printed working model, the number of clinical appointments was reduced. The workflow expanded the purpose of the radiologic images from simply diagnostic to include the prosthetic aspect of treatment.
Goblet cells and mucus layer in the gut of young pigs: Response to dietary contents of threonine and non‐essential amino acids
Authors: Święch Ewa , Tuśnio Anna , Barszcz Marcin , Taciak Marcin , Siwiak Ewelina 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMucins secreted by goblet cells (GC) are the major components of mucus layer coating and protecting gut epithelium. The study aimed at determining the effect of non‐essential amino acids (NEAA) and threonine (Thr) levels on GC number and mucus layer thickness measured in different parts of the gut. A two‐factorial experiment was conducted on 72 pigs (initial BW 12.5 kg) using as factors: Thr level (5.1, 5.7, 6.3 and 6.9 g standardized ileal digestible [SID] Thr/kg) and wheat gluten (WG) level used as a source of NEAA (20.4, 40.4 and 60.4 g WG protein in WG20, WG40 and WG60 diets respectively). All diets covered the requirement for essential AA, except for Thr, and they were fed to six pigs for 20 days. Thr level affected only the count of GC containing acidic mucins in the proximal colon, which was higher in pigs fed a diet with 5.1 g SID Thr/kg in comparison with diet containing 6.3 g SID Thr/kg. In the villi, WG40 and/or WG60 increased the GC number containing acidic mucins and lowered that with neutral mucins in the middle jejunum. In the crypts, higher WG levels decreased the GC number with acidic mucins in the duodenum, ileum and proximal colon and increased that with neutral and mixed mucins in the duodenum and ileum. The mucus layer was thicker in the proximal and middle jejunum in WG20 pigs, whereas in the proximal colon it was thicker in WG60 pigs. The lowest GC count was found in the middle jejunum and the highest in the duodenum and proximal colon. The mucus layer was the thinnest in the proximal and middle jejunum and the thickest in the ileum. The results did not show the negative effect of a moderate Thr deficiency and the positive effect of non‐essential AA supplementation on GC functions.
Art and the Desire for God: A Thomistic Perspective in Aesthetics
Authors: Pouivet Roger 
Published: April 2019

Abstract“Aesthetics” is mainly devoted to the description of an assumed aesthetic experience. My intention is to try to show that this modern account, defining a large part of Aesthetics as a discipline, does not allow a correct description of our aesthetic life. Criticism of this modern and contemporary conception will be followed by the defence of a completely different thesis according to which we are made to apprehend in natural things and works of art those properties by which they signify, and in particular their aesthetic properties. Apprehension and appreciation of works of art presuppose the ability to respond to the aesthetic properties of things and works of art. We need to exercise virtues, intellectual and moral ones, to answer appropriately to aesthetic properties of works of art and natural things. Good in general, and good in our aesthetic life and in art, can be understood according to what Aquinas calls “the gradation to be found in things”. I will try to show that it is a reason to think that a successful aesthetic life is a form of desire for God as the source of all perfection.