bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Translation, adaptation, and reliability of the Stanford Integrated Psychosocial Assessment for Transplantation in the Spanish population
Authors: López‐Lazcano Ana Isabel , López‐Pelayo Hugo , Lligoña Anna , Sánchez Nuria , Vilas‐Riotorto Vanessa , Priego Angel , Sánchez‐González Roberto , Rodríguez‐Urrutia Amanda , Quesada‐Franco Marta , Maldonado Jose R. , Pintor Luis 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundPsychosocial risk factors influence the course of transplantation. Psychosocial evaluation is an important part of pre‐transplantation evaluation processes, yet there are no standardized instruments in Spanish.ObjectiveTo translate, adapt, and test the reliability of the Stanford Integrated Psychosocial Assessment for Transplantation (SIPAT) in organ and cell transplantation patients in the Spanish context.MethodA Spanish version was developed and adapted using WHO's guidelines. The first 30 candidates' SIPAT interviews were recorded and scored by four independent examiners to test the inter‐rater reliability. The internal consistency of the SIPAT items was calculated with a sample of 150 heart, liver, and allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant candidates. Evaluations were conducted by SIPAT‐trained and transplantation‐experienced clinical psychologists and psychiatrists.ResultsStanford Integrated Psychosocial Assessment for Transplantation achieved excellent intra‐class correlation reliability coefficients between investigators (ICC = 0.93 for the general score and from 0.77 to 0.94 for domain scores). Good internal consistency was found with Cronbach's alpha of 0.84 (from 0.69‐0.71 for domains).DiscussionThis study presents the translated and adapted version of SIPAT. It has been found to have strong inter‐rater reliability and good internal consistency. Further research is needed to confirm reliability (eg, test‐retest) and establish its validity (eg, concurrent, predictive).
Acantholytic dyskeratosis of the vulva presenting with clinical features of vulval lichen sclerosus—A possible rare collision entity
Authors: Haddadeen Ciara , Theaker Jeffrey , Rowen David , Lotery Helen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe present a challenging case of chronic, erosive, scarring dermatosis of the vulva with clinical features of long standing lichen sclerosus (LS), namely pallor and loss of vulval architecture, but with histopathology consistently showing features of an acantholytic process. The history and clinical features of this case do not resemble other acantholytic conditions such as pemphigus vulgaris, Hailey‐Hailey disease, Darier disease, or the entities described as acantholytic dermatoses affecting the vulva. As far as we are aware, the combination of the clinical features and histopathologic findings in our case do not fit with any previously described condition and we propose that this is a rare entity of a collision of LS and an erosive acantholytic process occurring together.
Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty is an effective and safe minimally invasive approach for treatment of obesity: First Indian experience
Authors: Bhandari Mohit , Jain Saransh , Mathur Winni , Kosta Susmit , Neto Manoel Galvao , Brunaldi Vitor Ottoboni , Fobi Mathias 
Published: August 2019

Background and AimEndoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG) is gaining acceptance as a non‐surgical option for the treatment of obesity. However, its role is still not consolidated for all populations and the ideal indications are yet to be determined. We aimed to study the efficacy and safety of ESG in Indian patients.MethodsWe conducted a single‐center retrospective study of obese patients who underwent consecutive ESG at our tertiary care center. Data on weight loss and adverse events at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months were collected and analyzed.ResultsFifty‐three patients underwent ESG from March 2017 to October 2018. Eighty one percent of patients were female (43/53). Mean baseline age and body mass index were 40.54 ± 13.79 years and 34.78 ± 5.20 kg/m2, respectively. Mean duration of procedure was 68.96 ± 11.19 min. Immediate postoperative complications included mainly epigastric pain (45.2%) and nausea (22.6%) but there was no serious adverse event. Average percentage of total weight loss (%TWL) was 8.26%, 11.96%, 14.25%, and 19.94% at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively. Eighty‐eight percent of patients achieved >15% TWL at 12 months. Younger patients (<30 years old) and female patients had greater %TWL at 12 months (P = 0.01 and P = 0.021, respectively). Last 18 procedures were significantly faster than the first 35 cases (P = 0.01).ConclusionsEndoscopic sleeve gastroplasty is effective and safe at promoting weight loss in the Indian population. Young age and female gender are related to better outcomes.
Use of capillary glucose combined with other non‐laboratory examinations to screen for diabetes and prediabetes
Authors: Liu Yuxiang , Guo Haijian , Wang Qing , Lian Dashuai , Yang Man , Huang Kaiping , Chen Jianshuang , Xuan Yan , Zhang Jiarong , Wei Qiankun , Fang Shenghao , Xu Jinshui , Liu Yu , Sun Kaicheng , Sun Zilin , Wang Bei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimTo evaluate the value and feasibility of capillary glucose assessment, combined with other non‐laboratory measures, in screening for diabetes and prediabetes in the community.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, we assessed fasting capillary glucose, fasting plasma glucose, and both capillary glucose and plasma glucose values after 2‐h oral glucose tolerance tests in a total of 3736 samples. We determined the optimal threshold of capillary glucose using receiver‐operating characteristic curve analysis. The effect of screening methods using capillary glucose combined with other variables, such as age, BMI and waist circumference, was assessed according to area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve.ResultsThere was a strong positive correlation between capillary glucose and venous plasma glucose. The area under the curve for the model using fasting capillary glucose to screen for impaired fasting glucose was 0.722, while that for the model using capillary glucose after a 2‐h oral glucose tolerance test to screen for impaired glucose tolerance was 0.916. The area under the curve for the model using fasting capillary glucose to screen for diabetes was 0.835, while that for the model using 2‐h oral glucose tolerance test capillary glucose was 0.912. The area under the curve for the model using fasting capillary glucose + 2‐h oral glucose tolerance test capillary glucose to screen for diabetes was 0.945. The discriminatory capability of models using capillary glucose was somewhat improved by adding non‐laboratory variables.ConclusionsCapillary glucose could be an alternative for screening for diabetes and prediabetes, especially in low‐resource areas.
Point‐of‐care ultrasound with pocket‐size devices in emergency department
Authors: Mancusi Costantino , Carlino Maria Viviana , Sforza Alfonso 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPoint‐of‐care ultrasound is a useful tool for clinicians in the management of patients. Particularly in emergency department, the role of point‐of‐care ultrasound is strongly increasing due to the need for a rapid assessment of critically ill patients and to speed up the diagnostic process. Hand‐carried ultrasound devices are particularly useful in emergency setting and allow rapid assessment of patient even in prehospital setting. This article will review the role of point‐of‐care ultrasonography, performed with pocket‐size devices, in the management of patients presenting with acute onset of undifferentiating dyspnea, chest pain, and shock in emergency department.
The philosopher and the reader: Kierkegaard and Wittgenstein on love and philosophical method
Authors: Christensen Anne‐Marie Søndergaard 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn his diaries from the beginning of the 1930s, Ludwig Wittgenstein comments extensively both on Søren Kierkegaard's view of philosophical method and on his view of love. The aim of this article is to show how Wittgenstein's reflections on Kierkegaard's view of love reveal a fundamental difference between the two thinkers' views of philosophical method, a difference in their view of the role of the reader of and partner in doing philosophy, between Kierkegaard's indirect communication to the reader and Wittgenstein's dialogical engagement with the reader. The article opens with a presentation of substantial similarities between Wittgenstein's and Kierkegaard's conceptions of philosophy. After this, I present an account of Kierkegaard's view of love and marriage, an understanding of which is necessary in order to understand Wittgenstein's reservations towards Kierkegaard. This in turn leads me to the main investigation that shows how a difference in Kierkegaard and Wittgenstein's views on love connects to a fundamental difference in their views of philosophy. This difference between the two thinkers will finally be elucidated through the understanding of love developed by Stanley Cavell in his work on the so‐called Hollywood remarriage comedies.
Formation of tungsten carbide nanoparticles by wire explosion process
Authors: Ranjan Prem , Kurosaki Taisei , Suematsu Hisayuki , Jayaganthan Rengaswamy , Sarathi Ramanujam 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTungsten carbide nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by wire explosion process (WEP) in gas ambient as carbon source. Formation of tungsten carbide (WC1−X) in a single step by WEP using methane and argon‐acetylene mixture as carburizing medium, is detailed. X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to observe the phase and morphology of the produced NPs. In WEP, morphology and phase of NPs are controlled using different levels of energy ratio, K (ratio of energy supplied to wire and sublimation energy of wire), type and pressure, P of ambience. High purity WC1−X NPs was synthesized in methane ambience with a high K (=19) and a high P (270 kPa). A thorough study has been made to understand the impact of type of carburizing medium. Methane‐acetylene mixture gave two phases of carbides. Argon‐acetylene ambience provided complete carburization in specific cases. In general, the formed NPs are spherical in shape. Formation mechanism of tungsten carbide NPs is detailed in the work.
Credit ratings and liquidity crises
Authors: Lee Kyounghun , Oh Frederick Dongchuhl 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper examines the effects of information dissemination by a credit rating agency (CRA) on a liquidity crisis. In our proposed model, the CRA and creditors share public information on a firm's repayment ability. In addition, the CRA and creditors obtain noisy private information about the firm. After receiving its private information, the CRA announces it to creditors along with its opinion. We find that the probability of the firm having a liquidity crisis does not always decrease with the accuracy of the CRA's information. Moreover, if the CRA has reputation concerns, CRA opinions that contain inaccurate information rely more on the market prior.
Protein quality and antioxidant properties of soymilk derived from black soybean after in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion
Authors: Guo Ying , Ma Mengting , Jiang Fan , Jiang Wenqian , Wang Hanxin , Du Shuang‐kui 
Published: August 2019

SummaryProtein quality and antioxidant properties of soymilk derived from black soybean (eight varieties) in China were analysed following in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion (including dialysis). Soymilk from black soybean possessed high okara weight but low yield, protein content and sensory scores. The in vitro digestibility of protein in all black soymilk samples was higher than 60%, and the Shenmu black soybean exhibited the highest digestibility. Non‐digested milk from the black soybean exhibited significantly high total phenolic content (TPC) (127.15–173.04 mg/100 mL), ferric‐reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) (272.18–366.27 μmol L−1) and DPPH free radical‐scavenging activity (61.20–83.81%). These parameters were significantly lower in the non‐digested soymilk than those in soymilk after gastric digestion but higher than those of soymilk in the dialysed fraction. Gastric digestion significantly increased bioactive compound levels released from black soymilk, and the bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds was 24.37–36.05%. Hence, black soymilk was sufficiently available for human absorption.
Comparative study on chemical composition, polyphenols, flavonoids, carotenoids and antioxidant activities of various cultivars of sweet potato
Authors: Kourouma Vamougne , Mu Tai‐Hua , Zhang Miao , Sun Hong‐Nan 
Published: August 2019

SummaryChemical composition, polyphenols, flavonoids, carotenoids and antioxidant activities of twenty‐five cultivars of sweet potato were investigated. Starch, crude protein, crude fat, total dietary fibre, reducing sugar and ash contents ranged between 51.88–69.21, 2.36–7.79, 0.24–1.11, 5.02–14.35, 1.07–9.78 and 1.95–4.29 g per 100 g dry weight (DW), respectively. Cultivars of Longshu, Pushu 32 and Qinshu No.7 (Shanxi province) displayed the highest values in total polyphenol contents (9.38, 9.11 and 8.76 mg GAE per g DW, respectively), Huangmeigui showed higher flavonoids content (2.54 mg RE per g DW), Xiangshu presented higher anthocyanin content (1.02 mg per g DW), whereas Pushu 32 had the highest β‐carotene content (208.11 μg per g DW). Strong significant positive correlations were presented between antioxidant activities and total polyphenol and flavonoid contents, indicating that polyphenols and flavonoids are essential antioxidants in sweet potatoes. Among all cultivars, Pushu 32 presented the highest grey relational grade (GRG) value (0.7811), suggesting its importance as a healthy diet.
Effect of jet‐cooking and hydrolyses with amylases on the physicochemical and in vitro digestion performance of whole chickpea flours
Authors: de la Rosa‐Millán Julián , Orona‐Padilla José Luis , Flores‐Moreno Víctor Manuel , Serna‐Saldívar Sergio O. 
Published: August 2019

SummaryWhole chickpea flours were subjected to a pilot plant process aimed to understand the effects of jet‐cooking followed by α‐amylase or isoamylase hydrolyses in terms of physicochemical and the in vitro digestion performance of starch and proteins. Jet‐cooked flours generated lower viscosities and had lower gelatinisation temperatures when compared with their raw counterparts; furthermore, the amylolytic enzymes improved both starch and protein in vitro digestion rates (HI of 85.33 and relative digestion of 88.92%, respectively) that were strongly correlated with the amylose content (P < 0.05). By means of principal component analyses (PCA) is concluded that the changes in granular architecture, reflected by lower ΔH values and new linear structures after isoamylase hydrolysis (treated = 44.36% vs. raw = 26.43%) as well as protein denaturation promoted similar glycemic responses in raw flours compared with jet‐cooked counterparts (83.12 and 84.77, respectively). The combination of a thermal‐enzymatic method could be a useful alternative to produce novel pulse flours.
Substrate‐specificity of cytochrome P450‐mediated detoxification as an evolutionary strategy for specialization on furanocoumarin‐containing hostplants: CYP6AE89 in parsnip webworms
Authors: Calla B. , Wu W.‐Y. , Dean C. A. E. , Schuler M. A. , Berenbaum M. R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe parsnip webworm, Depressaria pastinacella, is restricted to two hostplant genera containing six structurally diverse furanocoumarins. Of these, imperatorin is detoxified by a specialized cytochrome P450, CYP6AB3. A previous whole‐larva transcriptome analysis confirmed the presence of nine transcripts that belong to the CYP6AE subfamily. Here, by examining midgut‐specific gene expression patterns we determined that CYP6AE89 transcripts were highly expressed and furanocoumarin‐inducible. Computer docking and energy‐minimization of a CYP6AE89 model with all six furanocoumarins showed that 5‐methoxylated bergapten and 8‐methoxylated xanthotoxin had the smallest distances from the heme to the proton‐donor residue in the catalytic I‐helix, and that the 5,8‐dimethoxylated isopimpinellin and bergapten had the smallest energy‐minimized distance from the heme oxygen to the furan ring double bond. To evaluate this prediction, we expressed the CYP6AE89 protein in an Escherichia coli system, and used it to detect high catalytic activity against the two mono‐methoxylated linear furanocoumarins – bergapten and xanthotoxin – and weak activity against isopimpinellin. Thus, CYP6AE89, like CYP6AB3, is probably specialized for detoxifying only a subset of hostplant furanocoumarins. A maximum‐likelihood tree built with six representative lepidopterans with manually annotated cytochrome P450s shows that CYP6AE89 may have evolved much faster than the other CYP6AE proteins, possibly indicative of host selection pressure.
Ocular tissue changes associated with anterior segment opacity in lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus L) eye
Authors: Paradis Helene , Ahmad Raahyma , McDonald James , Boyce Danny , Gendron Robert L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLumpfish use their vision to hunt prey or, in the case of aquaculture, to see and eat pelleted diets. A common anterior ocular opacity abnormality designated in the literature as “cataract” described in both farmed and wild lumpfish has not yet been characterized in detail at the pathobiological level. We describe here lens tissue changes associated with cataract in cultured and domesticated lumpfish. Methodology included gross observations, ophthalmoscopy and histology. Young adult cultured animals approaching 400 days post‐hatch presented a range of anterior segment opacities associated with lenticular abnormalities observable at a histological level. Wild aged domesticated animals also displayed cataracts characterized mainly by abnormalities of the lens observed by both ophthalmoscopy and histology. Dysplastic lesions of the lens in one aged domesticated lumpfish were accompanied with both retinal and optic nerve degeneration. These novel naturally occurring anatomical changes in lumpfish present both commonalities and unique features associated with cataract in young adult cultured animals versus aged domesticated broodstock animals.
Engaging a state medical society in oral health: a community action report
Authors: Bannon Annika L. , Silk Hugh J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIncreasingly, the medical community is recognizing how oral health relates to overall health and engaging in oral health promotion. In 2012, the Massachusetts Medical Society set out to explore how to prioritize oral health as a part of its public health agenda. It began with an Oral Health Forum, which evolved into a Committee on Oral Health. This committee is the first of its kind in a state medical society and is comprised of a diverse group of medical and dental professionals. In this article, we review the process by which the committee was established, report on projects, and reflect on lessons learned.
Pharmacokinetics of injectable marbofloxacin after intravenous and intramuscular administration in red‐eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans)
Authors: Lai Olimpia R. , Marín Pedro , Laricchiuta Pietro , Gelli Donatella , Escudero Elisa , Crescenzo Giuseppe 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFluoroquinolone antibacterial drugs are currently used in reptilian medicine because of their broad spectrum of activity including the most frequent pathogens of these species. The disposition kinetics of marbofloxacin (MBX) at a single dose of 2 mg/kg were determined in healthy red‐eared sliders after intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) administration. The influence of renal portal system on the bioavailability of the drug was investigated by using forelimb and hindlimb as IM injection sites. Apparent volume of distribution at steady‐state (Vss) and systemic clearance (Cl) of marbofloxacin after IV administration were estimated to be 48.21 ± 5.42 ml/kg and 23.38 ± 2.90 ml/hr·kg, respectively. The absolute bioavailabilities after IM route were 45.96% (forelimb) and 52.09% (hindlimb). The lack of statistically significant differences in most of the pharmacokinetic parameters after the two IM injection sites suggests a negligible influence of renal portal system in clinical use of MBX, although the Cmax after IMfore administration is advantageous, having into account the concentration‐dependent action of this antibiotic. The absence of visible adverse reactions in the animals and the advantageous pharmacokinetic properties suggest the possibility of its safe and effective clinical use in red‐eared sliders.
Conservation genetics: Linking science with practice
Authors: Holderegger Rolf , Balkenhol Niko , Bolliger Janine , Engler Jan O. , Gugerli Felix , Hochkirch Axel , Nowak Carsten , Segelbacher Gernot , Widmer Alex , Zachos Frank E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractConservation genetics is a well‐established scientific field. However, limited information transfer between science and practice continues to hamper successful implementation of scientific knowledge in conservation practice and management. To mitigate this challenge, we have established a conservation genetics community, which entails an international exchange‐and‐skills platform related to genetic methods and approaches in conservation management. First, it allows for scientific exchange between researchers during annual conferences. Second, personal contact between conservation professionals and scientists is fostered by organising workshops and by popularising knowledge on conservation genetics methods and approaches in professional journals in national languages. Third, basic information on conservation genetics has been made accessible by publishing an easy‐to‐read handbook on conservation genetics for practitioners. Fourth, joint projects enabled practitioners and scientists to work closely together from the start of a project in order to establish a tight link between applied questions and scientific background. Fifth, standardised workflows simplifying the implementation of genetic tools in conservation management have been developed. By establishing common language and trust between scientists and practitioners, all these measures help conservation genetics to play a more prominent role in future conservation planning and management.
Justifications and excuses in epistemology
Authors: Greco Daniel 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWhile epistemologists have long debated what it takes for beliefs to be justified, they've devoted much less collective attention to the question of what it takes for beliefs to be excused, and how excuses differ from justifications. This stands in contrast to the state of affairs in legal scholarship, where the contrast between justifications and excuses is a standard topic in introductory criminal law textbooks. My goal in this paper is to extract some lessons from legal theory for epistemologists seeking to distinguish epistemic justifications from epistemic excuses. First, I'll provide a brief overview of appeals to the justification/excuse distinction in epistemology, focusing on the internalism/externalism debate. Then, I'll identify some choice points in legal theory for how to think about the function of the justification/excuse distinction, and will in turn correspond to analogous choice points in epistemology. Ultimately, I'll argue that depending on which way we go at some crucial junctures, we can motivate either a traditional, non‐factive, internalist conception of justification, or a purely factive one where truth is all that's required for a belief to be justified. But there's no clear path, via legal theory, to view that only beliefs that amount to knowledge are justified.