bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of toll-like receptor 10 polymorphisms with paediatric idiopathic uveitis in Han Chinese
Authors: Lv Meng , Tan Handan , Deng Jing , Du Liping , Su Guannan , Wang Qingfeng , Zhong Zhenyu , Tan Xiao , Cao Qingfeng , Kijlstra Aize , Yang Peizeng 
Published: July 2019

AimsWe aimed to determine whether paediatric idiopathic uveitis (PIU) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis associated paediatric uveitis (JIA-PU) have an association with Toll-like receptor 10 (TLR10) gene polymorphisms in Han Chinese.MethodsTen tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) ofTLR10were analysed in 992 PIU patients, 127 JIA-PU patients and 1600 controls using the Sequenom MassARRAY system and iPLEX Gold assay. Genotype and allele frequencies were analysed using the χ2 test. A stratified analysis was performed according to the clinical features of PIU.ResultsIncreased frequencies of the rs2101521 A allele, rs10004195 A allele, rs11725309 CC genotype and rs6841698 AA genotype were found in PIU patients compared with controls (corrected p values (Pc)=1.81×10-4, Pc= 1.12×10-2, Pc=2.41×10-2and Pc=3.29×10-3, respectively). There was no association between these 10 tag SNPs and JIA-PU. In the stratified analysis, the frequency of the rs6841698 A allele was higher in PIU patients with cataract (Pc=1.45×10-6). The frequencies of the rs2101521 A allele and rs6841698 AA genotype were increased in PIU patients with band keratopathy (BK) (Pc=2.32×10-2, Pc=3.30×10-3, respectively).ConclusionTLR10gene polymorphisms (rs2101521, rs10004195, rs11725309 and rs6841698) confer susceptibility to PIU in Han Chinese. In a stratified analysis, rs2101521 and rs6841698 are associated with PIU with BK, and rs6841698 correlates with PIU with cataract.
Associated factors for progression to AIDS among HIV-infected people who use drugs: a retrospective cohort study in Dongguan, China
Authors: Luo Hao , Sun Mingwei , Du Jinlin 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesInjection drug use is the most important risk factor for the spread of HIV in China over the past two decades. People who use drugs (PWUD) who were diagnosed at an early stage with HIV have gradually developed AIDS. This study investigated the factors associated with disease progression following HIV diagnosis in PWUD.DesignThis study used a retrospective cohort study.SettingThis investigation was conducted in Dongguan city, Guangdong Province, China.ParticipantsA total of 2969 PWUD with HIV were recruited from 1 January 1995 to 31 December 2014.Primary and secondary outcome measuresKaplan-Meier method, Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression model were applied to identify the related factors of progression to AIDS following HIV diagnosis.ResultsThe study revealed that age at diagnosis, marital status, baseline CD4 T-cell counts and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) were statistically significant (p<0.01), either in the patients with HIV or in patients with AIDS. Compared with HIV-infected individuals of 18 years, patients with AIDS who were at least 36 years of age possessed sharply increased HR for developing AIDS (HR=7.016, 95% CI 6.083 to 8.092, p=0.001). The single HIV-positive individuals (HR=0.691, 95% CI 0.588 to 0.811, p=0.001) were less likely to develop AIDS compared with married ones. Increasing baseline CD4 T-cell counts, HAART (HR=0.599, 95% CI 0.517 to 0.693, p=0.001) and condom usage (HR=0.825, 95% CI 0.710 to 0.959, p=0.012) were associated with delayed progression to AIDS.ConclusionsOur study found that increasing baseline CD4 T-cell counts, HAART and condom usage might be associated with delayed the progression of HIV to AIDS, while increasing age at diagnosis, marital status increased hazard for developing AIDS.
CT angiogram negative perimesencephalic subarachnoid hemorrhage: is a subsequent DSA necessary? A systematic review
Authors: Mohan Midhun , Islim Abdurrahman , Dulhanty Louise , Parry-Jones Adrian , Patel Hiren 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundPerimesencephalic subarachnoid hemorrhage (PMSAH) is a benign subtype with distinct clinical-radiologic features. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) remains the gold standard investigation for exclusion of a macrovascular cause, although increasingly more clinicians rely solely on CT angiography (CTA). The primary aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the current literature regarding the negative predictive value of CTA.MethodsA systematic search in concordance with the PRISMA checklist was performed for studies published between 2000 and 2018. Studies with ≥10 adult patients diagnosed on a non-contrast brain CT with a PMSAH, who underwent a negative CTA and were subsequently subject to a DSA, were included. Simple pooled analysis was performed to inform the negative predictive value (95% CI) of CTA and the risk of DSA- and CTA-related complications.ResultsEighteen studies (669 patients) were included. All patients were subject to at least one DSA, the first one mostly performed within 24 hours of CTA (68.6%). 144 patients (21.5%) underwent a second DSA and a third repeat DSA was performed in one patient. The overall negative predictive value of CTA was 99.0% (95% CI 97.8% to 99.5%). The risk of complications following DSA and CTA were 1.35% (3/222) and 0% (0/41), respectively.ConclusionsUndertaking a DSA after a negative CTA may not add any further diagnostic value in patients with PMSAH and may lead to net harm. This observation needs to be validated in a large-scale prospective multicenter study with complete case ascertainment and robust data on CTA and DSA complications.
Benefit from mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke with fast and slow progression
Authors: Renú Jornet Arturo , Urra Xabier , Laredo Carlos , Montejo Carmen , Rudilosso Salvatore , Llull Laura , Blasco Jordi , Amaro Sergio , Torne Ramón , Obach Victor , Macho Juan , Chamorro Angel 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveThe rate of progression of the ischemic lesion is variable in patients with stroke. We tested the hypothesis that the tissue saving effect of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is greater in fast progressors.MethodsA single-center cohort of consecutive patients (n=242) with occlusions of the terminal internal carotid or M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery treated with MT (n=195) or best medical treatment (n=47), known time from onset, and full imaging (baseline CT perfusion and follow-up MRI) available was studied. The estimated infarct progression rate (eIPR) was calculated at baseline and patients were categorized as fast/slow progressors according to the median eIPR of 4.8 mL/hour. The primary outcome measure was the interaction between eIPR category and MT on infarct growth. The secondary outcomes assessed the effect of MT on final infarct volume and functional status in relation to the eIPR category. The safety outcomes were mortality and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage.ResultsThe eIPR category had a modifying effect (Pi=0.017) of MT on infarct growth that was significantly reduced with MT only in fast progressors (median (IQR) 3.8 mL (−11–55) vs 41 mL (11–107) with medical treatment; p=0.009, adjusted p=0.045). There was also a significant interaction on final infarct volume (Pi=0.005), with a greater reduction after MT in fast progressors. The functional status improved with MT both in fast and slow progressors, with no significant modifying effect of eIPR category (Pi=0.201). There were also no significant interactions on safety outcomes.ConclusionMT in stroke patients with large vessel occlusion limits infarct growth more significantly in fast progressors.
Soil DNA: advances in DNA technology offer a powerful new tool for forensic science
Authors: Young Jennifer M. , Higgins Denice , Austin Jeremy J. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Unsolved crimes add significant financial, legal and social costs to the community. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop robust solutions to deal with this growing issue. Soil forensic analysis is an emerging cross-disciplinary science that can deliver powerful physical evidence with significant benefits to criminal, counter-terrorism and environmental crime investigations. Technologies currently used, which are largely dependent on the examination of inorganic soil components, are unable to successfully resolve approximately 20% of soil comparisons in cases due to a deficiency in spatial resolution. The organic component of soil includes a vast number of living organisms, and the combination of these organisms can provide a biological signature to assist with soil comparisons. Recent developments in DNA sequencing technology enable characterization, and comparison, of these complex soil communities, providing additional discriminatory information that could potentially assist in cases that cannot currently be resolved. DNA analysis is routinely applied in forensic science to answer human- and non-human-related questions. This paper provides a broad overview of forensic DNA analysis, and describes the differences between DNA analysis of single specimen and complex soil DNA mixtures. We also highlight key areas of future research required for this technique to be fully utilized in casework.
Temozolomide Sensitizes MGMT-Deficient Tumor Cells to ATR Inhibitors
Authors: Jackson Christopher B. , Noorbakhsh Seth I. , Sundaram Ranjini K. , Kalathil Aravind N. , Ganesa Sachita , Jia Lanqi , Breslin Hank , Burgenske Danielle M. , Gilad Oren , Sarkaria Jann N. , Bindra Ranjit S. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is an enzyme that removes alkyl groups at the O6-position of guanine in DNA. MGMT expression is reduced or absent in many tumor types derived from a diverse range of tissues, most notably in glioma. Low MGMT expression confers significant sensitivity to DNA alkylating agents such as temozolomide, providing a natural therapeutic index over normal tissue. In this study, we sought to identify novel approaches that could maximally exploit the therapeutic index between tumor cells and normal tissues based on MGMT expression, as a means to enhance selective tumor cell killing. Temozolomide, unlike other alkylators, activated the ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3–related (ATR)–checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) axis in a manner that was highly dependent on MGMT status. Temozolomide induced growth delay, DNA double-strand breaks, and G2–M cell-cycle arrest, which led to ATR-dependent phosphorylation of Chk1; this effect was dependent on reduced MGMT expression. Treatment of MGMT-deficient cells with temozolomide increased sensitivity to ATR inhibitors both in vitro and in vivo across numerous tumor cell types. Taken together, this study reveals a novel approach for selectively targeting MGMT-deficient cells with ATR inhibitors and temozolomide. As ATR inhibitors are currently being tested in clinical trials, and temozolomide is a commonly used chemotherapeutic, this approach is clinically actionable. Furthermore, this interaction potently exploits a DNA-repair defect found in many cancers.

Significance:
Monofunctional alkylating agents sensitize MGMT-deficient tumor cells to ATR inhibitors.
Revision of the Agrilus vittatus species-group (Coleoptera, Buprestidae, Agrilinae)
Authors: JENDEK EDUARD , NAKLÁDAL OTO 
Published: July 2019

The Agrilus vittatus species-group comprising fifteen species from the Oriental region is defined and revised. A key to species is provided and complemented with illustrations of habitus and genitalia. Five new species are described: Agrilus acacivorus sp. nov. (Myanmar); A. albizivorus sp. nov. (North India, Nepal); A. coco sp. nov. (Philippines); A. monadikos sp. nov. (Laos) and A. occultus sp. nov. (Laos, Thailand). Seven new junior subjective synonyms are proposed for following taxa: Agrilus babaulti Théry, 1930 (= bonadonai Descarpentries & Villiers, 1963 syn.nov.); A. terraereginae Blackburn, 1892 (= deerratus Curletti, 2006 syn.nov.) and A. viridicupreus Saunders, 1866 (= cylindratus Kerremans, 1896 syn.nov., = albizziae Fisher, 1935 syn.nov., = javicola Fisher, 1935 syn.nov., = cariosulus Obenberger, 1935 syn.nov., = theodasae Baudon, 1968 syn.nov.).
Three Cases of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Combined With Reduced Exhaled Nitric Oxide
Authors: Han Sung Min , Hwang Chi Sang , Jeon Hyun Jong , Lee Ho Young , Cho Hyung-Ju , Park Dong-Joon 
Published: July 2019

Objectives: The diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is often delayed in part related to the limitations of the available diagnostic tests. We present 3 cases of PCD diagnosed using an exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) measurement. Methods: Three cases with a clinical phenotype consistent with PCD were evaluated using an eNO assay with additional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and/or genetic panel testing. Results: One male and 2 female patients presented with common symptoms included recurrent respiratory infection from early childhood and a history of neonatal respiratory distress as term newborn. Two of them had situs inversus totalis. Fractional eNO measurement revealed extremely low NO levels, and subsequently, TEM analysis confirmed ciliary ultrastructural defects in all patients. One patient had compound heterozygous mutation of the PCD-causative gene ( DNAH5) identified using next generation sequencing. Conclusion: Our report stresses the reliability of eNO measurement in the diagnosis of PCD, accompanied by clinical phenotypes and additional diagnostic tools, such as TEM analysis and genetic testing.
Regulating Australia’s ‘Gangmasters’ through Labour Hire Licensing
Authors: Forsyth Anthony 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article examines the recent introduction of state-based regulation to address the increasingly prominent problem of exploitation of vulnerable workers by labour hire providers around Australia. Mounting evidence of underpayments and other breaches of workplace laws has emerged from a range of state and federal inquiries into the labour hire sector in recent years. The article draws parallels between these abuses and the exploitative activities of ‘gangmasters’ in industrial-era Britain. It then closely analyses and compares the labour hire licensing schemes introduced in Victoria, Queensland and South Australia, which aim to combat noncompliance by introducing barriers to entry and eliminate ‘rogue’ operators from the labour hire market. The article assesses the effectiveness of similar licensing and registration schemes in several overseas jurisdictions, especially the gangmasters licensing scheme operating in the United Kingdom since 2004. The article concludes that the licensing schemes introduced under the three state laws are a timely and, most likely, effective new approach to tackling the problem of noncompliance with workplace and other laws. Alternative responses to exploitation at the federal level are also considered, including the 2017 Vulnerable Workers legislation introduced largely in response to systemic underpayments in the 7-Eleven franchise network. Finally, the article observes that federal reform of the labour hire sector may emerge in the near future, given the Labor Opposition’s policy commitment to introduce a national labour hire licensing scheme. In the meantime, the state labour hire licensing schemes examined in this article represent an important step forward in regulation to combat worker exploitation by contemporary Australian ‘gangmasters’.
Updates in insomnia diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Bragg Scott , Benich JJ , Christian Natalie , Visserman Josh , Freedy John 
Published: July 2019

Introduction Insomnia is the most commonly reported sleep disorder and remains undertreated in many patients. New changes to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, have changed the way insomnia is diagnosed. In patients who suffer from insomnia, a number of available treatment options exist including both behavioral therapy and medications. Literature Review: First line therapy for insomnia should always include behavioral modifications such as sleep hygiene and insomnia-oriented cognitive behavioral therapy. In patients deemed to need pharmacotherapy, first line medications include nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics (i.e., z-drugs) and antidepressants depending on the patients’ needs and comorbidities. The risk of next day impairment, parasomnias, and central nervous system depression are some of the most feared side effects with z-drugs. Second line drug therapy includes melatonin and suvorexant. Several concerns exist for suvorexant similar to other insomnia medications, but melatonin remains one of the safest medication alternatives. Other medication options such as benzodiazepines, antihistamines, and antipsychotics should rarely be used because of weak effectiveness data or serious safety concerns. Discussion The most appropriate treatment plan needs to be tailored to meet the needs of individual patients. Many patient factors (e.g., age, other comorbidities, specific problems with sleep) need to be considered before prescribing drug therapy for patients suffering from insomnia. Medications with the best evidence and fewest safety concerns should be prioritized when clinicians work with patients to determine the most appropriate treatment plan. Conclusions Nondrug treatment should be the emphasis for managing insomnia, but several options exist for patients needing multimodal therapy to improve their symptoms and maximize their quality of life. Z-drugs and antidepressants are first line medications options, but other options may be considered when tailored to individual patients. Medications should only be used intermittently and short term until nondrug treatments help to change a patient’s sleep routine.
The effect on subjective quality of life of occupational therapy based on adjusting the challenge–skill balance: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yoshida Ippei , Hirao Kazuki , Kobayashi Ryuji 
Published: July 2019

Objective: To verify the effect of adjusting the challenge–skill balance with respect to rehabilitation process. Design: A single-blind, two-arm, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial. Setting: Recovery rehabilitation unit of Harue Hospital, Japan. Subjects: The trial included 72 clients (mean (SD): age, 74.64 (9.51) years; Functional Independence Measure score, 98.26 (15.27)) with cerebral or spinal disease or musculoskeletal disease. Interventions: Clients were randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group, who received occupational therapy with adjustment of the challenge–skill balance, and the control group who received conventional occupational therapy. Time from admission to discharge was considered the implementation period; the final evaluation was conducted at three months after discharge. Main measures: The primary outcome was subjective quality of life (Ikigai-9). Secondary outcomes were the health-related quality of life (EuroQol–5 Dimensions, Five Levels (EQ-5D-5L)), the Flow State Scale for Occupational Tasks, and the Functional Independence Measure. A cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted using total cost and quality-adjusted life-year based on the EQ-5D-5L. Results: Significant differences were observed between the experimental and control groups with respect to the Ikigai-9 score ( P = 0.008) and EQ-5D-5L ( P = 0.038), and the effect sizes were 0.76 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.27–1.24) and 0.62 (95% CI: 0.14–1.10), respectively. No significant between-group differences in other outcomes were observed, for example, the Functional Independence Measure score improved in both experimental and control groups (119.80 (5.50) and 118.84 (6.97), respectively. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was US$5518.38. Conclusions: Adjusting the challenge–skill balance may be a useful approach to improve the participant’s subjective quality of life in the rehabilitation process.
Participation patterns of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder compared to their peers: Parents’ perspectives
Authors: Lamash Liron , Bedell Gary , Josman Naomi 
Published: July 2019

Introduction Although participation is an important outcome of rehabilitation interventions and a critical indicator of quality of life, few studies have focused on the participation patterns of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder in their daily activities or the environmental factors that influence such participation. This study aims to describe the participation characteristics of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder compared with typically developing peers in home, school and community and to identify supporting or hindering environmental features. Method The Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth was administered to 59 parents of adolescents ( M = 14.51 years) with autism spectrum disorder and a control group of 188 parents of typically developing adolescents in Israel, and the results were compared. Results Adolescents with autism spectrum disorder showed lower participation levels at home and school, and much lower levels in the community, preferring solitary activities that involve technology. Their typically developing peers participated in more activities that involved social interaction skill. In addition, parents of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder rated more environmental factors as barriers in all environments. Conclusion Participation gaps between adolescents with autism spectrum disorder and their typically developing peers should be considered when developing interventions, allocating services and creating policies to meet the unique needs of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder.
A rare case of multi-focal human TB after BCG instillation for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Riccardi Niccolò , Ferrarese Maurizio , Castellotti Paola , Mazzola Ester , Sozzi Francesco , Rigatti Patrizio , Vanzulli Angelo , Sotgiu Giovanni , Codecasa Luigi 
Published: July 2019

Objective: To describe a left epididymitis and para-aortical involvement caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis hominis reactivation after bacillus Calmette-Guérin instillation for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Patient and methods: A Caucasian male, aged 76 years, exposed to bacillus Calmette-Guérin for a high-grade non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer in 2015, reported painful and progressive left scrotal swelling with purulent discharge from a cutaneous fistulous track that yielded, on liquid culture, a pan-susceptible Mycobacterium tuberculosis hominis strain. Moreover, after 6 months of anti-tuberculosis treatment, an abdominal peri-aortic mass, sized 4 cm, was found and a surgical biopsy showed necrotizing granulomas; however, although smear microscopy and Xpert MTB/Rif™ performed on fresh biopsy sample were positive, liquid cultures resulted negative, indicating treatment efficacy. Results: Numerous peculiar and multi-organ involvement due to BCGitis after intravesical immunotherapy have been previously described, including 17 scientific articles about epididymitis, however, no reports so far showed reactivation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis hominis after bacillus Calmette-Guérin treatment. Conclusion: Although BCGitis is more prevalent in patients undergoing bacillus Calmette-Guérin instillation for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer, tuberculosis by other species of Mycobacterium tuberculosis should be always ruled out by molecular and conventional microbiology in patients with a history of Mycobacterium tuberculosis hominis exposure.