bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary origin of disease and complexity: A nonequilibrium thermodynamic solution
Authors: Koch Lauren Gerard , Britton Steven L. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractOur long-term goal was to develop realistic animal models of complex disease that are underwritten by fundamental principles. Along this path we noted a literature demonstrating that low exercise capacity is a stronger predictor of death relative to all other clinical conditions including diabetes and smoking. From this linkage we formulated the Energy Transfer Hypothesis (ETH): Variation in capacity for energy transfer is the central mechanistic determinant of the divide between disease and health. As an unbiased test of the ETH we reasoned that: divergent artificial selection of rats based on low and high intrinsic treadmill running capacity would yield contrasting models of capacity for energy transfer that also divide for disease risks. Thirty-five generations of selection produced Low Capacity Runners (LCR) and High Capacity Runners (HCR) that differ in running capacity by over 8-fold. Selection failed to disprove the ETH: disease risks segregate in the LCR, and the HCR demonstrate resistance to disease. For mechanistic explanation of the ETH we postulate that evolution, life, and thus disease follow the same entropic path of the other atoms and molecules of the universe. That is, 1) all systems tend towards Maximal Entropy Production, 2) entropy can temporarily decrease locally and form order such as life, 3) life developed with a genome as a path for coding for replication of energy metabolism units, and 4) evolution selects, in a constantly changing environment, for features that enhance life’s capacity for energy transfer. That is, Maximal Entropy Production is the driving force mediating evolution. Thus, for each species, consider that there is phenotypic variation for this capacity that underlies the divide between health and disease. One goal of this paper is to stimulate new cross-disciplinary tests of the ETH of disease.
Reward signaling in a recurrent circuit of dopaminergic neurons and Kenyon cells
Authors: Lyutova Radostina , Pfeuffer Maximilian , Segebarth Dennis , Habenstein Jens , Selcho Mareike , Wegener Christian , Thum Andreas S. , Pauls Dennis 
Published: June 2018

1.AbstractDopaminergic neurons in the brain of theDrosophilalarva play a key role in mediating reward information to the mushroom bodies during appetitive olfactory learning and memory. Using optogenetic activation of Kenyon cells we provide evidence that a functional recurrent signaling loop exists between Kenyon cells and dopaminergic neurons of the primary protocerebral anterior (pPAM) cluster. An optogenetic activation of Kenyon cells paired with an odor is sufficient to induce appetitive memory, while a simultaneous impairment of the dopaminergic pPAM neurons abolishes memory expression. Thus, dopaminergic pPAM neurons mediate reward information to the Kenyon cells, but in turn receive feedback from Kenyon cells. We further show that the activation of recurrent signaling routes within mushroom body circuitry increases the persistence of an odor-sugar memory. Our results suggest that sustained activity in a neuronal circuitry is a conserved mechanism in insects and vertebrates to consolidate memories.
Quantification of genetic components of population differentiation in UK Biobank traits reveals signals of polygenic selection
Authors: Liu Xuanyao , Loh Po-Ru , O’Connor Luke J. , Gazal Steven , Schoech Armin , Maier Robert M. , Patterson Nick , Price Alkes L. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe genetic architecture of most human complex traits is highly polygenic, motivating efforts to detect polygenic selection involving a large number of loci. In contrast to previous work relying on top GWAS loci, we developed a method that uses genome-wide association statistics and linkage disequilibrium patterns to estimate the genome-wide genetic component of population differentiation of a complex trait along a continuous gradient, enabling powerful inference of polygenic selection. We analyzed 43 UK Biobank traits and focused on PC1 and North-South and East-West birth coordinates across 337K unrelated British-ancestry samples, for which our method produced close to unbiased estimates of genetic components of population differentiation and high power to detect polygenic selection in simulations across different trait architectures. For PC1, we identified signals of polygenic selection for height (74.5±16.7% of 9.3% total correlation with PC1 attributable to genome-wide genetic effects; P = 8.4×10−6) and red hair pigmentation (95.9±24.7% of total correlation with PC1 attributable to genome-wide genetic effects; P = 1.1×10−4); the bulk of the signal remained when removing genome-wide significant loci, even though red hair pigmentation includes loci of large effect. We also detected polygenic selection for height, systolic blood pressure, BMI and basal metabolic rate along North-South birth coordinate, and height and systolic blood pressure along East-West birth coordinate. Our method detects polygenic selection in modern human populations with very subtle population structure and elucidates the relative contributions of genetic and non-genetic components of trait population differences.
Nonfamily knowledge during family business succession: a cultural understanding
Authors: Wasim Jahangir , Cunningham James , Maxwell-Cole Alexander , Taylor James Richard 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
Knowledge transfer plays a key role in the succession process. While much attention has been given to the passing of business knowledge form incumbent to successor, less is known about the use of nonfamily knowledge during this most crucial of family business events. The purpose of this paper is to look how knowledge from nonfamily employees is treated at times of succession. Importantly, it considers how the controlling family’s cultural background may influence nonfamily knowledge use, and subsequent implications for the succession process.

Design/methodology/approach
An exploratory comparative case study design is adopted in order to uncover the complex social and cultural dynamics around knowledge use. Four case studies are presented from family businesses of different, and contrasting, cultural origins. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews, observations and formal secondary data from the organisations, all of whom operate in the UK.

Findings
Findings reveal a complex picture, part influenced by the cultural dynamics of the family and part by business necessity. Specifically, power–distance appears as an informative cultural dimension, influencing how knowledge is used and nonfamily are perceived. While some family businesses privilege the knowledge from family, others see the need to build knowledge relationships more broadly.

Originality/value
This paper provides further evidence to the heterogeneity of family businesses. It moves beyond a processual explanation of succession to develop a more contextually aware understanding of the dynamics and sensitivities involved.
Antecedents of competitive group formation intention in business education context
Authors: Tripathi Anshul , Bamel Umesh Kumar , Paul Happy , Gordon David , Bamel Nisha 
Published: June 2018

PurposeThis paper aims to understand the relationships of complementary specialization, cognitive trust, affective trust, tie strength and similarity with group formation intention.Design/methodology/approachThe data have been collected from 30 management students from a batch of 110 students of a premiere Indian business school. To assess the proposed relationship, multiple hierarchical regression was performed on collected data by using SPSS© 20.FindingsThe obtained results exhibited cognitive trust, affective trust and tie strength as significant predictors of dyadic group formation intention, whereas similarity and complementary specialization were not found.Originality/valueThe research on group formation is limited, and more particularly the functions of the above-mentioned factors on the group formation intentions of management graduates are yet to generalize. Therefore, present research is an early approach which tries to address the mentioned gap from a social network perspective and considers the group formation and social network literature.
Macro and micro financial liberalizations, savings and growth
Authors: Pina Gonçalo 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to empirically and theoretically study the role of domestic savings behind the financial stability and growth effects of different financial liberalizations, when the government is not able to commit to enforce financial contracts. The following liberalizations are considered. Macro financial liberalizations target capital flow and interest rate liberalization, whereas micro financial liberalizations target competition in the financial sector. Simultaneous liberalizations target both micro and macro dimensions.

Design/methodology/approach
This study theoretically solves a new simple model of different types of financial liberalizations, micro, macro and simultaneous. The focus is on the crisis and growth effects of countries liberalizing only macro dimensions of financial policy, relative to both micro and macro dimensions together, and on how the level of savings determines these effects. The study empirically uses data on macro and micro financial liberalizations for 91 countries between 1973 and 2005 to provide a taxonomy of liberalization strategies, and empirically tests whether domestic savings are related to the success of different strategies. Capital accumulation, investment profile and the frequency of financial crises are also evaluated.

Findings
The findings show that, empirically, simultaneous liberalizations are associated with larger growth only if the savings rate is large. If the savings rate is low, growth is larger when liberalizations target macro dimensions. Capital accumulation increases more with macro liberalizations under low savings and simultaneous liberalizations with high savings. Simultaneous liberalizations with low savings increase risks related to contract viability and expropriation, profits repatriation and payment delays. Simultaneous liberalizations with high savings are associated with smaller probabilities of financial crises. These observations are consistent with the theoretical model, where reduced competition in the financial sector can improve financial stability and reduce financial crises when savings are low.

Originality/value
The contribution of this paper, relative to the vast literature on financial liberalizations, is to document how savings determine the crisis and growth effects of macro and micro liberalizations. It provides and tests empirically a new channel for the role of savings when governments cannot commit to enforce financial contracts. This is informative for policymakers and policy institutions facing different strategies of financial liberalizations.
Do cross-border mergers-acquisitions in mature and emerging markets create similar value?
Authors: Chalencon Ludivine , Mayrhofer Ulrike 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to compare the value creation of cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&As) in mature and emerging markets.

Design/methodology/approach
The empirical study is based on a sample of 285 cross-border M&As announced between 2010 and 2012 and completed by companies of the French SBF 120 index in 54 countries.

Findings
The statistical analysis shows how financial markets react before and after the announcement of M&As. The obtained findings highlight significant differences: the reaction of financial markets before the announcement is moderately positive for M&As in mature economies, but negative for those in emerging economies; their reaction after the announcement is clearly positive for M&As in mature markets and moderately positive for those in emerging markets.

Research limitations/implications
Future studies on M&A value creation should differentiate mature and emerging economies and adopt a more in-depth classification of target countries.

Practical implications
This research emphasizes the necessity to consider country-specific factors for M&A value creation.

Originality/value
The empirical study is based on a sample of French acquirers, who account for 3 percent of the volume and value of M&As in the world and whose operations are rarely studied in the literature. The authors compare the reaction of financial markets before and after the announcement of M&As conducted in mature and emerging economies.
Accommodation prices on Airbnb: effects of host experience and market demand
Authors: Magno Francesca , Cassia Fabio , Ugolini Marta Maria 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
Accommodation sharing is a major trend shaping the hospitality industry, and Airbnb is the most prominent sharing platform driving this growth. While price convenience is reported as one of the main strengths of Airbnb accommodations, only a few studies have examined price determinants. In particular, it is unclear whether hosts dynamically adjust prices for shared accommodation based on their experience with price management and on the level of market demand. The purpose of this paper is to fill this gap by suggesting and testing a comprehensive hedonic pricing model.

Design/methodology/approach
Data from all 1,056 Airbnb listings for accommodations available in the city of Verona, Italy on four booking dates in 2016 are collected and analysed through regression analysis.

Findings
The results highlight that price is significantly related to the level of the host’s accumulated experience and the level of market demand on a specific booking date. The findings provide support for the ability of hosts to dynamically adjust prices for their accommodations.

Practical implications
Drawing on the innovator’s dilemma theory, this study suggests some strategies that traditional hotels may adopt to react to the disruptive nature of Airbnb.

Originality/value
This is one of the few studies to address hosts’ pricing strategies and specifically consider price adjustments owing to variations in host experience and market demand.
Improving the oxidative stability of model whey protein hydrolysate‐based infant formula emulsions with lecithin
Authors: Drapala Kamil P , Mulvihill Daniel M , O'Mahony James A 
Published: June 2018

Oil‐in‐water emulsions containing 1.55, 3.50 and 7.00%, w/v, protein (whey protein hydrolysate), soya bean oil and carbohydrate, respectively, and 0–5% lecithin, w/w oil, were prepared and stored for 14 days at 40 °C. Oxidative stability of bulk oil (0–5% lecithin) and emulsions was measured using Rancimat and using peroxide and TBARS assays, respectively. The oxidative stability of bulk oils increased with increasing lecithin concentration. In emulsions, lecithin addition at 1%, w/w oil, retarded lipid oxidation, while adding lecithin at 2–5% showed no additional effect. The antioxidant effect of the lecithin, in both bulk oil and emulsions, was associated with its surface activity and ability to bind free radicals and pro‐oxidants.
Safety of the Combination of PERC and YEARS Rules in Patients With Low Clinical Probability of Pulmonary Embolism: A Retrospective Analysis of Two Large European Cohorts
Authors: Gorlicki Judith , Penaloza Andrea , Germeau Boris , Moumneh Thomas , Philippon Anne‐Laure , Truchot Jennifer , Douillet Delphine , Steinier Charlotte , Soulié Caroline , Bloom Ben , Cachanado Marine , Roy Pierre‐Marie , Freund Yonathan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to determine the failure rate of a combination of the PERC and the YEARS rules for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) in the emergency department (ED).MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of two European cohorts of emergency patients with low gestalt clinical probability of PE (PROPER and PERCEPIC). All patients we included were managed using a conventional strategy (D‐dimer test, followed, if positive, by computed tomographic pulmonary angiogram (CTPA). We tested a diagnostic strategy that combined PERC and YEARS to rule out PE. The primary endpoint was a thromboembolic event diagnosed in the ED or at 3‐months follow‐up. Secondary endpoints included a thromboembolic event at baseline in the ED and a CTPA in the ED. Ninety‐five percent confidence intervals (CIs) of proportions were calculated with the use of Wilson's continuity correction.ResultsWe analyzed 1,951 patients (mean ± SD age = 47 ± 18 years, 56% women) with an overall proportion of patients with PE of 3.5%. Both PERC and YEARS strategies were associated with 11 missed PE in the ED: failure rate 0.57 (95% CI = 0.32–1.02). At 3‐month follow‐up, the overall failure rate was 0.83% (95% CI = 0.51–1.35). Among the 503 patients who underwent a CTPA (26%), the use of the PERC–YEARS combination would have ruled out PE without CTPA in 249 patients (50% [95%CI = 45%–54%], absolute reduction 13% (95% CI = 11%–14%]).ConclusionThe combination of PERC then YEARS was associated with a low risk of PE diagnostic failure and would have resulted in a relative reduction of almost half of CTPA.
Loren Parsons' contribution to addiction neurobiology
Authors: De Luca Maria A. , Buczynski Matthew W. , Di Chiara Gaetano 
Published: June 2018

AbstractLoren (Larry) H. Parsons passed away at the age of 51. In spite of his premature departure, Larry much contributed to the drug abuse field. Since his graduate studies for the Ph.D. in Chemistry in J.B. Justice lab, microdialysis is the tread that links Larry's research topics, namely, the role of dopamine (DA), serotonin (5‐HT), gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate and endocannabinoids (eCBs) in drug reinforcement and dependence. Larry was the first to show that abstinence from chronic cocaine reduces extracellular DA in the NAc, consistent with the so called ‘dopamine depletion hypothesis’ of cocaine addiction. Another Larry's major contributions are the studies on 5‐HT and 5‐HT receptors' role in cocaine stimulant actions, which resulted in the identification of 5‐HT1B receptors as a critical substrate of cocaine reinforcement. By applying mass spectrometry to eCBs analysis in brain dialysates, Larry's lab showed that ethanol, heroin, nicotine and cocaine differentially affect anandamide and 2‐arachidonoylglicerol overflow in the NAc shell, a critical site of drugs of abuse DA stimulant actions. Larry also applied microdialysis to study GABA and glutamate's role in ethanol dependence and heroin reinforcement, providing in vivo evidence for a sensitization of corticotropin‐releasing factor‐dependent release of GABA in the central amygdala in withdrawal from chronic ethanol and for a reduction of GABA transmission in the ventral pallidum in heroin but not cocaine intravenous self‐administration. Larry showed the wide possibilities of microdialysis as a general purpose methodology for monitoring neurotransmitters and neuromodulators in the brain extracellular compartment. From this viewpoint, he stands as the best advocate for microdialysis.
Factors affecting periodontal disease referral and the adherence to guidelines among general dentists
Authors: Sum J , O'Rourke VJ 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundCurrent research highlights a need to investigate the factors affecting periodontal disease referral. Limited literature exists on periodontal disease referral in Australia and no comparison to the periodontal disease referral guidelines exists.ObjectiveThis study analyses the factors affecting periodontal disease referral and the adherence to guidelines in general dentists in Queensland, Australia.MethodsFifty‐seven general dentists who are members of the Australian Dental Association (Queensland) undertook an online survey.ResultsThe disease factor regarded as most important (90% of respondents) was unresolved inflammation upon re‐evaluation. The non‐disease factor regarded as most important (79% of respondents) was the operator's level of training. There is low awareness of the guidelines (36.7%) yet a reasonable adherence to them (78.3%). Of those aware of the guidelines, there was a statistically significant poorer adherence to the guidelines compared to those unaware (P = 0.036), while there is no significant difference in the adherence to guidelines between those who have and those who have not attended continuing professional development (CPD) courses (P = 0.66).ConclusionsAdherence to current guidelines is not significantly impacted by the level of awareness of the guidelines or CPD attendance. The results from this study suggest a need to refine the current guidelines to better inform decisions about periodontal disease referrals.
Protective roles of estradiol against vascular oxidative stress in ovariectomized female rats exposed to normoxia or intermittent hypoxia
Authors: Ribon‐Demars Alexandra , Pialoux Vincent , Boreau Anaëlle , Marcouiller François , Larivière Richard , Bairam Aida , Joseph Vincent 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimWe tested the hypothesis that estradiol (E2) reduces aortic oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in ovariectomized (OVX) female rats exposed to room air (RA) or chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH).MethodsWe used intact or OVX female rats treated with vehicle or E2 (0.5 mg/kg/d) and exposed to RA or CIH (21%‐10% O2, 10 cycles/h, 8 h/d) for 7 or 35 days, and measured the arterial pressure, heart rate and plasma endothelin‐1 levels. We also measured in thoracic aortic samples, the activities of the pro‐oxidant enzymes NADPH (NOX) and xanthine oxidase (XO), the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and the advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP—oxidative stress marker). Finally, we used aortic rings to assess the contractile response to phenylephrine and the vasodilatory response to acetylcholine.ResultsAfter 7 or 35 days of CIH, E2 supplementation reduced arterial pressure. E2 reduced plasma endothelin‐1 levels after 7 days of CIH, but not after 35 days. Ovariectomy, but not CIH for 7 days, increased aortic oxidative stress and E2 treatment prevented this effect. Remarkably, in animals exposed to RA, this was achieved by a reduction in NOX and XO activities, but in animals exposed to CIH this was achieved by increased catalase activity. In OVX female rats exposed to CIH for 7 days, E2 supplementation improved the NO‐mediated vasodilation. After 35 days of CIH, enzymatic activities, AOPP and aortic reactivity were similar in all groups.ConclusionE2‐based therapy could help prevent the vascular consequences of CIH in apneic women.