bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Big data in nephrology: Are we ready for the change?
Authors: Yang Chao , Kong Guilan , Wang Liwei , Zhang Luxia , Zhao Ming‐Hui 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health issue worldwide. However, the status of kidney health care needs to be strengthened globally and research evidence in nephrology is relatively limited. The unmet needs in nephrology leave ample space for imagination regarding leveraging big data and artificial intelligence (AI). Big data has potential to drive medical innovation, reduce medical costs and improve health care quality. Compared with other specialties such as cardiology, the scopes of utilizing big data in nephrology need to be enhanced. We reviewed the studies on the application of big data in nephrology, such as disease surveillance, risk prediction and clinical decision support systems (CDSS), and proposed several potential directions of utilizing big data and AI. The efforts including building a CKD surveillance system and collaborative network, implementing a real‐world cohort in a cost‐effective manner, strengthening the application and transformation of AI and CDSS, and stimulating the activeness of medical imaging in nephrology, could be considered. In the era of big data, a nephrologist would be stronger and smarter if he or she could get intelligent assistance from knowledge or big data‐driven CDSS.
Research paradigms and the politics of nursing knowledge: A reflective discussion
Authors: Nairn Stuart 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA standard view would suggest that research is a neutral apolitical activity. It neutralizes external pressures by its fidelity to robust scientific methods. However, politics is an inevitable part of human knowledge. Our knowledge of the world is always mediated by human priorities. What matters is therefore a contested and political debate rather a neutral accumulation of factual data. How researchers manage this varies. Research paradigms are one way in which research engages with knowledge. They frame knowledge within epistemological and ontological philosophies. In this paper, I will explore this view in relation to neo‐positivism, qualitative research, Foucault and critical realism. I will argue that if nursing knowledge is to be effective it needs to acknowledge the political, particularly in the context of neoliberalism. Healthcare systems are having to cope with a social world increasingly dominated by market fundamentalism, extreme levels of inequality and a rise in xenophobia. These forces are undermining the provision of ethically sound health care, misdirecting research practice and contributing to a discourse of dehumanization. These forces need to be challenged politically and I will argue that epistemologically diverse approaches, alongside a realist ontology can provide a way forward for nursing research.
The peu‐miR160a−PeARF17.1/PeARF17.2 module participates in the adventitious root development of poplar
Authors: Liu Sian , Yang Chunxia , Wu Ling , Cai Heng , Li Huogen , Xu Meng 
Published: July 2019

SummaryDeep roots give rise to flourishing leaves, and the two complement each other. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying adventitious rooting for forest trees have remained elusive. In this study, we verified that peu‐miR160a targets six poplar genes AUXIN RESPONSE FACTORS (ARFs), PeARF10.1, PeARF16.1, PeARF16.2, PeARF16.3, PeARF17.1 and PeARF17.2, using 5’RLM‐RACE. Interaction experiments with peu‐miR160a and PeARFs in poplar protoplasts further confirmed that peu‐miR160a targets and negatively regulates the six PeARFs. Peu‐miR160a and its target genes exhibited obvious temporal expression in different stages of adventitious root development, and they could also be induced by IAA and abscisic acid. Peu‐miR160a‐overexpressing lines exhibited a significant shortening of adventitious root length, an increase in the number of lateral roots, severe dwarfing and shortened internodes. In addition, the overexpression of PeARF17.1 or mPeARF17.2 (peu‐miR160a‐resistant version of PeARF17.2) significantly increased the number of adventitious roots. Furthermore, PeARF17.1‐overexpressing lines had multiple branches with no visible trunk, although the adventitious root length of the PeARF17.1‐overexpressing lines was significantly increased. Our findings reveal that the peu‐miR160a − PeARF17.1/PeARF17.2 module is an important regulator involved in the development of the adventitious roots of poplar.
Evaluation of a three‐session biliary dilation protocol following transplant‐related biliary stricture in pediatric patients
Authors: Reis Stephen P. , Bruestle Karina , Brejt Sidney , Tulin‐Silver Sheryl , Frenkel Joseph , Mobley David G. , England Ryan W. , Sobolevsky Sergei , Griesemer Adam D. , Sperling David , Schlossberg Peter , Susman Jonathan , Weintraub Joshua L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTo evaluate whether a serial biliary dilation protocol improves outcomes and decreases total biliary drainage time for biliary strictures following pediatric liver transplantation. From 2006 to 2016, 213 orthotopic deceased and living related liver transplants were performed in 199 patients with a median patient age of 3.1 years at a single pediatric hospital. Patients with biliary strictures were managed by IR or surgically by the transplant team. Patients managed by IR were divided into two groups. The first group was managed with a standardized three‐session protocol consisting of dilation every two weeks for three dilations. The second group was managed clinically with varying number and interval of dilations as determined by a multidisciplinary team. The location of biliary stricture, duration of drainage, number of balloon dilations, balloon diameter, time interval between dilations, and success of percutaneous treatment were recorded. Thirty‐four patients developed biliary strictures. Thirty‐one patients were managed with percutaneous intervention. Three strictures could not be crossed and were converted to operative management. Ten patients were managed in the three‐session protocol, and 18 patients were managed in the clinically treated group. There was no significant difference in clinical success rates between groups, 80% and 61%, respectively. The three‐session protocol group trended toward a lower total biliary drain indwell time (median 49 days) compared with the clinically treated group (median 89 days), P = .089. Our study suggests that a three‐session dilation protocol following transplant‐related biliary stricture may decrease total biliary drainage time for some patients.
Sharing Authority: The Politics and Practice of Community Policing in the Brazilian Slum
Authors: Wolff Michael Jerome 
Published: July 2019

Over the last decade, Community Policing (CP) secured a central place in Brazilian public security policy, challenging traditional policing modalities known more for their lethal violence than their efficacy. But as the CP model moved from wealthy societies to the Brazilian favela (urban slum), it faced far greater challenges. Tasked with displacing the deeply rooted authority of drug gangs, it sought to extend state authority territorially, as well as to curb criminal violence. Paradoxically, it succeeded at the latter without achieving the former. Drawing on evidence from the Rio de Janeiro's Pacifying Police Units and Bahia's Community Security Bases, this study asks how Brazil's CP programs achieved their goals of reducing violence without displacing criminal authority. I argue that a common interest among police and locally embedded drug gangs in limiting violence led to tacit arrangements between them to share authority as a condition of peace.Related ArticlesMoreno‐Jaimes, Carlos. 2011. “Is Local Spending Responsive to the Poor? An Appraisal of Resource Allocation and Electoral Rewards in Mexico.” Politics & Policy 39 (6): 1021‐1052. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2011.00328.xOndetti, Gabriel. 2008. “Up and Down with the Agrarian Question: Issue Attention and Land Reform in Contemporary Brazil.” Politics & Policy 36 (4): 789‐815. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2008.00120.xSpalek, Basia. 2010. “Community Policing, Trust, and Muslim Communities in Relation to ‘New Terrorism.’” Politics & Policy 38 (4): 789‐815. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2010.00258.x
Well‐being workshop: simple acts of care
Authors: Roy Susie , Close Lorraine , McCorkell Vicki , Skinner Janet 
Published: July 2019

SummaryBackgroundWell‐being encompasses a constellation of multiple interdependent factors influenced by our personal and professional lives. It has a reciprocal relationship with burnout, a phenomenon detrimental to physicians, students and patients alike. Despite this, well‐being is not a topic routinely integrated into undergraduate medical and nursing curricula. Local demand and increased global attention provided an impetus to create and deliver an ‘Introduction to well‐being’ workshop. Our aim was to start the well‐being conversation early in the professional journeys of students, and to provide strategies to gain and maintain well‐being throughout their careers.MethodsWe developed a practical, interprofessional well‐being workshop for first‐year medical and nursing students. Over six afternoons, 251 students in groups of 12–15 rotated through our three session, interactive workshop focusing on the interrelated subjects of self care, empathy and communication. On completion of the workshop, written evaluation and take‐home messages were collected and thematically analysed.ResultsThe interprofessional aspect of the workshop and the practical tools imparted were positively evaluated. Take‐home messages highlighted the need to integrate well‐being into the curricula, particularly the self‐care aspect. Students concluded that ‘simple acts of care’ to self and to others were essential for the maintenance and improvement of well‐being.ConclusionInterprofessional early year well‐being workshops, designed to promote open discussion around the significance of self care, empathy and communication, and to provide practical advice for well‐being, were felt to be beneficial by first‐year nursing and medical students. Recognising the importance of simple acts of care is likely to advantage not only individuals but also the culture that they shape.Local demand and increased global attention provided impetus to create and deliver an ‘Introduction to well‐being’ workshop
Mechanical washing of pet food bowls is effective for Microsporum canis decontamination
Authors: Moriello Karen A. 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundDermatophyte lesions are common on the face of animals and pet food bowls can become contaminated by direct contact with the facial lesions. Owners are concerned about appropriate decontamination and yet worried about exposing pets to disinfectant residues.ObjectiveTo determine the efficacy of mechanical cleaning alone for decontamination of contaminated pet food dishes.Methods and materialsAn isolated infective spore suspension of Microsporum canis was used to experimentally contaminate metal (n = 4), plastic (n = 4) and glass (n = 4) pet food bowls. The experiment was repeated twice, first with just the spore suspension, and then with a mixture of spore suspension and canned pet food. The bowls were soaked in hot water (34°C) with a generic dish soap in a sink for two minutes, scrubbed using a dishwashing brush until visibly clean or for 2 min, rinsed, allowed to air‐dry and then cultured. Fungal culture samples were collected using disposable dust cloths. Environmental fungal cultures were obtained from the sink after routine mechanical cleaning with a sudsy detergent.ResultsNo environmental contamination was detected. The results of both experiments were similar. All bowls (n = 24) were fungal culture positive for M. canis before washing and all were completely decontaminated with mechanical washing alone.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceMechanical washing alone can decontaminate pet food bowls exposed to naturally infective material. Dishes should be soaked in hot sudsy water to loosen organic debris, scrubbed until visibly clean and then rinsed. Owners should wear dishwashing gloves for personal protection.
A Computational Study on Deformed Bioprosthetic Valve Geometries: Clinically Relevant Valve Performance Metrics
Authors: Jafar Reza , Labrosse Michel R. , Weaver Jason D. , Retta Stephen M. , Wu Changfu , Duraiswamy Nandini 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Transcatheter aortic valves (TAV) are symmetrically designed, but they are often not deployed inside cylindrical conduits with circular cross-sectional areas. Many TAV patients have heavily calcified aortic valves, which often result in deformed prosthesis geometries after deployment. We investigated the effects of deformed valve annulus configurations on a surgical bioprosthetic valve as a model for TAV. We studied valve leaflet motions, stresses and strains, and analog hydrodynamic measures (using geometric methods), via finite element (FE) modeling. Two categories of annular deformations were created to approximate clinical observations: (1) noncircular annulus with valve area conserved, and (2) under-expansion (reduced area) compared to circular annulus. We found that under-expansion had more impact on increasing stenosis (with geometric orifice area metrics) than noncircularity, and that noncircularity had more impact on increasing regurgitation (with regurgitation orifice area metrics) than under-expansion. We found durability predictors (stress/strain) to be the highest in the commissure regions of noncircular configurations such as EllipMajor (noncircular and under-expansion areas). Other clinically relevant performance aspects such as leaflet kinematics and coaptation were also investigated with the noncircular configurations. This study provides a framework for choosing the most challenging TAV deformations for acute and long-term valve performance in the design and testing phase of device development.
Nonlinear Mechanics of Beams With Partial Piezoelectric Layers
Authors: Farokhi Hamed , Ghayesh Mergen H. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This paper investigates the nonlinear static response as well as nonlinear forced dynamics of a clamped–clamped beam actuated by piezoelectric patches partially covering the beam from both sides. This study is the first to develop a high-dimensional nonlinear model for such a piezoelectric-beam configuration. The nonlinear dynamical resonance characteristics of the electromechanical system are examined under simultaneous DC and AC piezoelectric actuations, while highlighting the effects of modal energy transfer and internal resonances. A multiphysics coupled model of the beam-piezoelectric system is proposed based on the nonlinear beam theory of Bernoulli–Euler and the piezoelectric constitutive equations. The discretized model of the system is obtained with the help of the Galerkin weighted residual technique while retaining 32 degrees-of-freedom. Three-dimensional finite element analysis is conducted as well in the static regime to validate the developed model and numerical simulation. It is shown that the response of the system in the nonlinear resonant region is strongly affected by a three-to-one internal resonance.
Computational Optimization Study of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Leaflet Design Using Porcine and Bovine Leaflets
Authors: Travaglino Stefano , Murdock Kyle , Tran Anh , Martin Caitlin , Liang Liang , Wang Yan , Sun Wei 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In this study, a Bayesian optimization (BO) based computational framework is developed to investigate the design of transcatheter aortic valve (TAV) leaflets and to optimize leaflet geometry such that its peak stress under the blood pressure of 120 mmHg is reduced. A generic TAV model is parametrized by mathematical equations describing its 2D shape and its 3D stent-leaflet assembly line. Material properties previously obtained for bovine pericardium (BP) and porcine pericardium (PP) via a combination of flexural and biaxial tensile testing were incorporated into the finite element (FE) model of TAV. A BO approach was employed to investigate about 1000 leaflet designs for each material under the nominal circular deployment and physiological loading conditions. The optimal parameter values of the TAV model were obtained, corresponding to leaflet shapes that can reduce the peak stress by 16.7% in BP and 18.0% in PP, compared with that from the initial generic TAV model. Furthermore, it was observed that while peak stresses tend to concentrate near the stent-leaflet attachment edge, optimized geometries benefit from more uniform stress distributions in the leaflet circumferential direction. Our analysis also showed that increasing leaflet contact area redistributes peak stresses to the belly region contributing to peak stress reduction. The results from this study may inspire new TAV designs that can have better durability.
Evaluation of Electrode Degradation and Projection Weld Strength in the Joining of Steel Nuts to Galvanized Advanced High Strength Steel
Authors: Enrique Pablo D. , Al Momani Hashem , DiGiovanni Christopher , Jiao Zhen , Chan Kevin R. , Zhou Norman Y. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Projection welding of steel weld nuts to advanced high strength steel (AHSS) in automotive applications allows for the reliable mounting of critical components with different thicknesses to the vehicle body. However, the galvanized coatings commonly used on AHSS result in electrode surface degradation during welding. In this study, the electrode degradation and its effect on the mechanical properties of welded steel nuts and AHSS sheets are investigated. Two common electrode materials are tungsten/copper and beryllium-free class III copper—both display the formation of an oxidized alloy surface layer and pitting as weld number increases. Unlike resistance spot welding, where electrodes grow in the contact area diameter as they degrade, projection welding electrodes do not experience this type of mechanical degradation. Instead, increased resistance at the electrode interface with increasing weld number results in higher temperatures at the weld interface and a larger fusion zone size, which is responsible for an observed 30% increase in weld strength over the span of 10,000 welds.
Transferring Design Strategies From Human to Computer and Across Design Problems
Authors: Raina Ayush , Cagan Jonathan , McComb Christopher 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Solving any design problem involves planning and strategizing, where intermediate processes are identified and then sequenced. This is an abstract skill that designers learn over time and then use across similar problems. However, this transfer of strategies in design has not been effectively modeled or leveraged within computational agents. This note presents an approach to represent design strategies using a probabilistic model. The model provides a mechanism to generate new designs based on certain design strategies while solving configuration design task in a sequential manner. This work also demonstrates that this probabilistic representation can be used to transfer strategies from human designers to computational design agents in a way that is general and useful. This transfer-driven approach opens up the possibility of identifying high-performing behavior in human designers and using it to guide computational design agents. Finally, a quintessential behavior of transfer learning is illustrated by agents as transferring design strategies across different problems led to an improvement in agent performance. The work presented in this study leverages the Cognitively Inspired Simulated Annealing Teams (CISAT) framework, an agent-based model that has been shown to mimic human problem-solving in configuration design problems.
Application of Wireless Technologies in a Nuclear Plant: Evaluation of Electromagnetic Propagation With Different Computational Techniques
Authors: Cappelli Mauro , Lopresto Vanni , Cecchi Riccardo , Marrocco Gaetano 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe aim of this work is to present a preliminary investigation on the propagation of electromagnetic fields generated by wireless technologies inside a nuclear facility or power plant. First, a survey of currently proposed wireless technologies for nuclear facilities and plants has been carried out. Then, for selected scenarios, the electromagnetic field propagation has been studied by means of electromagnetic simulation tools, and the presence of the nuclear environment has been simulated by properly modeling environmental parameters and engineered barriers. The choice of the proper simulation techniques and tools is mandatory in order to simulate the effect of the realistic environment on the propagation. Accordingly, the feasibility of wireless technologies application at nuclear facilities can be assessed on the basis of results achieved from simulated scenarios. The goal is to analyze, for selected scenarios, possible issues due to the propagation of an electromagnetic field in the presence of simplified barriers mimicking the real nuclear environment. This approach can provide indications on how to deploy potential benefits of wireless technologies in a nuclear environment, evaluating pros and cons of the investigated technologies.
Dynamic Load Balancing Using Actual Workload Traces Based on Central Processing Unit Temperatures
Authors: Nakajo Yusuke , Athavale Jayati , Yoda Minami , Joshi Yogendra , Nishi Hiroaki 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWith the rapid growth in demand for distributed computing, data centers are a critical physical component of the “cloud.” Recent studies show that the energy consumption of data centers for both cooling and computing keeps increasing, and the growth in server power densities makes it ever more challenging to keep the servers below their maximum operating temperature. This paper presents a new dynamic load-balancing approach based on individual server central processing unit (CPU) temperatures. In this approach, a load balancer assigns a task in real time to a server based on the objective to keep the CPU temperatures below a maximum value. Experimental studies are conducted in a single rack based on production workload traces of Google clusters. This study also compares the performance of this method with two other load balancing approaches, Round Robin, and a CPU utilization-based method in terms of temperature distributions, local fan rotation speeds, system loads, and server processing times. Furthermore, we investigate how the effect of the proposed load balancing changes with different assumed applications run on servers. The results indicate that this new method can more effectively reduce both server CPU temperatures and local fan rotation speed in a rack especially for the most of web applications.