bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A nonlocal computational homogenization of softening quasi‐brittle materials
Authors: Khoei Amir R. , Saadat Mohammad A. 
Published: March 2019

SummaryIn this paper, a computational counterpart of the experimental investigation is presented based on a nonlocal computational homogenization technique for extracting damage model parameters in quasi‐brittle materials with softening behavior. The technique is illustrated by introducing the macroscopic nonlocal strain to eliminate the mesh sensitivity in the macroscale level as well as the size dependence of the representative volume element (RVE) in the first‐order continuous homogenization. The macroscopic nonlocal strains are computed at each direction, and both the local and nonlocal strains are transferred to the microscale level. Two RVEs with similar geometries and material properties are introduced for each macroscopic Gauss point, in which the microscopic damage variables and the macroscale consistent tangent modulus and its derivatives are obtained by imposing the macroscopic nonlocal strain on the first RVE, and the macroscopic stress is computed by employing the microscopic damage variables and imposing the macroscopic local strain over the second RVE. Finally, numerical examples are solved to illustrate the performance of the proposed nonlocal computational homogenization technique for softening quasi‐brittle materials.
High‐resolution imaging and monitoring of animal tunnels using 3D ground‐penetrating radar
Authors: Allroggen Niklas , Booth Adam D. , Baker Sandra E. , Ellwood Stephen A. , Tronicke Jens 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTGround‐penetrating radar is widely used to provide highly resolved images of subsurface sedimentary structures, with implications for processes active in the vadose zone. Frequently overlooked among these structures are tunnels excavated by fossorial animals (e.g., moles). We present two repeated ground‐penetrating radar surveys performed a year apart in 2016 and 2017. Careful three‐dimensional data processing reveals, in each data set, a pattern of elongated structures that are interpreted as a subsurface mole tunnel network. Our data demonstrate the ability of three‐dimensional ground‐penetrating radar imaging to non‐invasively delineate the small animal tunnels (∼5 cm diameter) at a higher spatial and geolocation resolution than has previously been achieved. In turn, this makes repeated surveys and, therefore, long‐term monitoring possible. Our results offer valuable insight into the understanding of the near‐surface and showcase a potential new application for a geophysical method as well as a non‐invasive method of ecological surveying.
Identifying barriers to treatment of childhood rhabdomyosarcoma in resource‐limited settings: A literature review
Authors: Papyan Ruzanna , Tamamyan Gevorg , Danielyan Samvel , Tananyan Armen , Muradyan Armen , Saab Raya 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe performed a literature review to examine barriers for rhabdomyosarcoma treatment in low‐resource settings, and identified 29 articles from 14 middle‐income countries, with none from low‐income countries. Notable findings included inconsistent use of local control modalities, lack of diagnostics in some settings, and high rate of abandonment specifically in low middle‐income countries. Reported limitations included lack of surgical expertise and/or radiation therapy, advanced stage of disease, and absence of health insurance. Although very poor outcomes were prevalent in several settings, good outcomes were achievable in others when multidisciplinary therapy and financial coverage of medical care were made available.
Efficiency above 6% in poly(3‐hexylthiophene):phenyl‐C‐butyric acid methyl ester photovoltaics via simultaneous addition of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) based grafted graphene nanosheets and hydrophobic block copolymers
Authors: Mohammadi‐Arbati Ehsan , Agbolaghi Samira 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA combination of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets grafted with regioregular poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) (rGO‐g‐P3HT) and P3HT‐b‐polystyrene (PS) block copolymers was utilized to modify the morphology of P3HT:[6,6]‐phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) active layers in photovoltaic devices. Efficiencies greater than 6% were acquired after a mild thermal annealing. To this end, the assembling of P3HT homopolymers and P3HT‐b‐PS block copolymers onto rGO‐g‐P3HT nanosheets was investigated, showing that the copolymers were assembled from the P3HT side onto the rGO‐g‐P3HT nanosheets. Assembling of P3HT‐b‐PS block copolymers onto the rGO‐g‐P3HT nanosheets developed the net hole and electron highways for charge transport, thereby in addition to photoluminescence quenching the charge mobility (μh and μe) values increased considerably. The best charge mobilities were acquired for the P3HT50000:PC71BM:rGO‐g‐P3HT50000:P3HT7000‐b‐PS1000 system (μh = 1.9 × 10−5 cm2 V–1 s–1 and μe = 0.8 × 10−4 cm2 V–1 s–1). Thermal annealing conducted at 120 °C also further increased the hole and electron mobilities to 9.8 × 10−4 and 2.7 × 10−3 cm2 V–1 s–1, respectively. The thermal annealing acted as a driving force for better assembly of the P3HT‐b‐PS copolymers onto the rGO‐g‐P3HT nanosheets. This phenomenon improved the short circuit current density, fill factor, open circuit voltage and power conversion efficiency parameters from 11.13 mA cm−2, 0.63 V, 62% and 4.35% to 12.98 mA cm−2, 0.69 V, 68% and 6.09%, respectively. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
How are caregivers involved in treatment decision making for older people with dementia and a new diagnosis of cancer?
Authors: Martin Charlene , Shrestha Anne , Burton Maria , Collins Karen , Wyld Lynda 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo explore how caregivers are involved in making treatment decisions for older people living with dementia and a new diagnosis of cancer.MethodA systematic review of PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Scopus databases was conducted. Studies recruiting formal or informal caregivers for older people with dementia and a diagnosis of cancer were considered for inclusion.ResultsOf 1761 articles screened, 36 full texts were assessed for eligibility, and six were included in the review. This review has identified that health care professionals (HCPs) are often unaware of the coexistence or severity of dementia in cancer patients, and therefore fail to properly address care needs as a result. While caregivers are relied on to help make decisions, they have unmet information needs and feel excluded from decision‐making.ConclusionTreatment decision making in the context of older adults with dementia and a new diagnosis of cancer needs further research. This will help HCPs to understand their needs and improve the experience of decision making for both caregivers and the people that they care for.
Effects of French maritime pine bark extract (Oligopin®) supplementation on bone remodeling markers in postmenopausal osteopenic women: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Panahande Seyed Bahman , Maghbooli Zhila , Hossein‐nezhad Arash , Qorbani Mostafa , Moeini‐Nodeh Shermineh , Haghi‐Aminjan Hamed , Hosseini Saeed 
Published: March 2019

French maritime pine bark extract (FMPBE; Oligopin®), a dietary supplement, is rich in procyanidin. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of FMPBE on bone remodeling in postmenopausal osteopenic women. This randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled clinical trial was conducted on 40 postmenopausal osteopenic women. Individuals were randomly assigned to either FMPBE (250 mg/day,n = 21) or placebo (250‐mg starch/day,n = 19) for 12 weeks. Biochemical indices, including bone remodeling marker, were assessed before and after the intervention. After the 12‐week intervention, that is, FMPBE supplementation, a significant increase in bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), procollagen type 1 amino‐terminal propeptide (P1NP) levels and a significant decrease in C‐terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTx1) were observed. Compared with the control group, FMPBE supplementation resulted in a significant increase in P1NP (0.015), BAP levels (0.001), and BAP/CTx1 ratio (p = 0.001) and a significant decrease in CTx1 levels (0.006). FMPBE supplementation for 12 weeks in postmenopausal osteopenic women produced favorable effects on bone markers. Meanwhile, further research is needed to determine whether FMPBE supplements can be used as a preventive strategy for bone loss in postmenopausal osteopenic women.
Invasive buffelgrass detection using high‐resolution satellite and UAV imagery on Google Earth Engine
Authors: Elkind Kaitlyn , Sankey Temuulen T. , Munson Seth M. , Aslan Clare E. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMethods to detect and monitor the spread of invasive grasses are critical to avoid ecosystem transformations and large economic costs. The rapid spread of non‐native buffelgrass(Pennisetum ciliare) has intensified fire risk and is replacing fire intolerant native vegetation in the Sonoran Desert of the southwestern US. Coarse‐resolution satellite imagery has had limited success in detecting small patches of buffelgrass, whereas ground‐based and aerial survey methods are often cost prohibitive. To improve detection, we trained 2 m resolution DigitalGlobe WorldView‐2 satellite imagery with 12 cm resolution unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery and classified buffelgrass on Google Earth Engine, a cloud computing platform, using Random Forest (RF) models in Saguaro National Park, Arizona, USA. Our classification models had an average overall accuracy of 93% and producer's accuracies of 94–96% for buffelgrass, although user's accuracies were low. We detected a 2.92 km2 area of buffelgrass in the eastern Rincon Mountain District (1.07% of the total area) and a 0.46 km2 area (0.46% of the total area) in the western Tucson Mountain District of Saguaro National Park. Buffelgrass cover was significantly greater in the Sonoran Paloverde‐Mixed Cacti Desert Scrub vegetation type, on poorly developed Entisols and Inceptisol soils and on south‐facing topographic aspects compared to other areas. Our results demonstrate that high‐resolution imagery improve on previous attempts to detect and classify buffelgrass and indicate potential areas where the invasive grass might spread. The methods demonstrated in this study could be employed by land managers as a low‐cost strategy to identify priority areas for control efforts and continued monitoring.
Progress in the Use of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neural Cells for Traumatic Spinal Cord Injuries in Animal Populations: Meta-Analysis and Review
Authors: Ramotowski Christina , Qu Xianggui , Villa-Diaz Luis G. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are cells genetically reprogrammed from somatic cells, which can be differentiated into neurological lineages with the aim to replace or assist damaged neurons in the treatment of spinal cord injuries (SCIs) caused by physical trauma. Here, we review studies addressing the functional use of iPSC-derived neural cells in SCIs and perform a meta-analysis to determine if significant motor improvement is restored after treatment with iPSC-derived neural cells compared with treatments using embryonic stem cell (ESC)-derived counterpart cells and control treatments. Overall, based on locomotion scales in rodents and monkeys, our meta-analysis indicates a therapeutic benefit for SCI treatment using neural cells derived from either iPSCs or ESCs, being this of importance due to existing ethical and immunological complications using ESCs. Results from these studies are evidence of the successes and limitations of iPSC-derived neural cells in the recovery of motor capacity. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:681&693
A Fluorescent Hexanuclear Zn(II) Complex
Authors: Kushvaha Saroj Kumar , Shankar Bhaskaran , Gorantla N. V. T. Sai Manoj , Mondal Kartik Chandra 
Published: March 2019

AbstractZn(II) Schiff base complexes are good precursors for preparation of ZnO nanoparticles which find several biomedical applications. Herein, a fluorescent hexanuclear Zn(II) Schiff base complex [Zn(II)6(L−Me)6(MeOH)2]⋅12MeOH(1) [H2L‐Me=diprotic Schiff base ligand] has been synthesized and characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction, NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Fluorescence properties of this Zn(II)6‐complex have also been studied in solid state and solution. Lifetime measurement and quantum yield calculation have been performed to further investigate the fluorescence properties. Temperature dependent stability of complex1has been studied in air and inert gas atmospheres. Fluorescent ZnO nano‐particles were prepared by thermal decomposition of1at 400 °C and higher temperatures under aerobic atmosphere.
TMSOTf‐Promoted Synthesis of 4‐(2‐Aryl or 2‐Alkyl‐3,6‐dihydro‐2H‐pyran‐4‐yl)‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine Derivatives
Authors: Satteyyanaidu Vallabhareddy , Sridhar Balasubramanian , Reddy Basi V. Subba 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA novel Prins strategy has been developed for the synthesis of 2,4‐disubstituted dihydro‐2H‐pyran derivatives. This is the first report on the Prins cyclization of N‐benzyl‐4‐(4‐hydroxybut‐1‐en‐2‐yl)piperidin‐4‐ol with aldehydes to produce tetrahydropyridine conjugated dihydropyran derivatives.
Hydration of α‐Pinene over SO42−/Zr‐MCM‐41 in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Zhang Huimin , Yu Shitao 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe hydration of α‐Pinene to α‐Terpineol was studied using SO42−/Zr‐MCM‐41 mesoporous molecular sieves as catalysts in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2). The reaction results showed SO42−/Zr‐MCM‐41 was of better selectivity to the α‐Terpineol in scCO2 than in conventional conditions, and was of the same catalytic activities in scCO2 and in conventional conditions. The effect of some factors on the catalytic activities and the regenerable performance of SO42−/Zr‐MCM‐41, such as different Zr source, the method of introducing SO42−, the concentration of SO42−, calcination temperature and calcination time, were studied. These results showed the cooperation of Zr and SO42− was the main reason that SO42−/Zr‐MCM‐41 was of excellent catalytic activity, and Zr(SO4)2, as the Zr source, was active for the regenerable performance of SO42−/Zr‐MCM‐41.
An Efficient Cobalt Phosphide Electrocatalyst Derived from Cobalt Phosphonate Complex for All‐pH Hydrogen Evolution Reaction and Overall Water Splitting in Alkaline Solution
Authors: Wu Jiadong , Wang Depeng , Wan Shuao , Liu Huiling , Wang Cheng , Wang Xun 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe development of low‐cost and highly efficient electrocatalysts via an eco‐friendly synthetic method is of great significance for future renewable energy storage and conversion systems. Herein, cobalt phosphides confined in porous P‐doped carbon materials (Co‐P@PC) are fabricated by calcinating the cobalt‐phosphonate complex formed between 1‐hydroxyethylidenediphosphonic acid and Co(NO3)2 in alkaline solution. The P‐containing ligand in the complex acts as the carbon source as well as in situ phosphorizing agent for the formation of cobalt phosphides and doping P element into carbon material upon calcination. The Co‐P@PC exhibits high activity for all‐pH hydrogen evolution reaction (overpotentials of 72, 85, and 76 mV in acidic, neutral, and alkaline solutions at the current density of 10 mA cm−2) and oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline solution (an overpotential of 280 mV at the current density of 10 mA cm−2). The alkaline electrolyzer assembled from the Co‐P@PC electrodes delivers the current density of 10 mA cm−2 at the voltage of 1.60 V with a durability of 60 h. The excellent activity and long‐term stability of the Co‐P@PC derives from the synergistic effect between the active cobalt phosphides and the porous P‐doped carbon matrix.
Light element depth distribution by the intensity ratio of incoherent and coherent scattering
Authors: Mikhailov I.F. , Baturin A.A. , Mikhailov A.I. , Knyazev S.A. 
Published: March 2019

A method is proposed for analyzing the distribution of elements with a small atomic number Z < 9 over the depth of the substrate. The method is based on measuring the ratio of incoherent and coherent scattering peaks intensities at different exit angles of X‐rays from the sample surface. Varying the beam exit angle at a constant scattering angle makes it possible to vary the depth of radiation penetration into the sample by almost two orders of magnitude and, correspondingly, to vary the information averaging zone. Mathematically, the method reduces to the numerical solution of integral equations of the first kind, in which the impurity distribution profile is given by the model function. Experimental measurements were performed on model samples of beryllium (Z = 4) and aluminum (Z = 13) foils and real coatings of boron (Z = 5) and titanium nitride. The adequacy of the received solutions to the certified characteristics is shown.
The ϕ4 model with the BPS preserving defect
Authors: Adam C. , Romanczukiewicz T. , Wereszczynski A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTheϕ4model is coupled to an impurity in a way that preserves one-half of the BPS property. This means that the antikink-impurity bound state is still a BPS solution, i.e., a zero-pressure solution saturating the topological energy bound. The kink-impurity bound state, on the other hand, does not saturate the bound, in general.We found that, although the impurity breaks translational invariance, it is, in some sense, restored in the BPS sector where the energy of the antikink-impurity solution does not depend on their mutual distance. This is reflected in the existence of a generalised translational symmetry and a zero mode.We also investigate scattering processes. In particular, we compare the antikink-impurity interaction close to the BPS regime, which presents a rather smooth, elastic like nature, with other scattering processes. However, even in this case, after exciting a sufficiently large linear mode on the incoming antikink, we can depart from the close-to-BPS regime. This results, for example, in a backward scattering.
Workplace ostracism and discretionary work effort: A conditional process analysis
Authors: Anjum Muhammad Adeel , Liang Dapeng , Durrani Dilawar Khan , Ahmed Ammarah 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDrawing on affective events theory (AET) and workplace incivility spiral, this study tested a conditional process model to explain, when and how, affective workplace events (workplace ostracism and workplace incivility) affect employees’ emotions and work effort. Data for this cross-sectional study were collected via an online survey from 251 employees at three public sector universities in Quetta, Pakistan. Results indicated that both ostracism and incivility encumber work effort, and that one way via which ostracism negatively affects work effort is by provoking targets’ negative affect (NA). Results also revealed that workplace incivility exacerbated positive relationship of ostracism and NA such that this relationship was stronger when incivility was high and weaker when incivility was low. Moreover, the indirect effects of ostracism on work effort were also contingent on workplace incivility. Practical implications are discussed at the end.
Avoiding holiday seasonal weight gain with nutrient-supported intermittent energy restriction: a pilot study
Authors: Hirsh Steven P. , Pons Marianne , Joyal Steven V. , Swick Andrew G. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis pilot randomised controlled study evaluated the effects of a nutrient-supported intermittent energy restriction nutrition programme to prevent weight gain in healthy overweight adults during the 6-week winter holiday period between Thanksgiving and New Year. For 52 d, twenty-two overweight adults (mean age 41·0 years, BMI 27·3 kg/m2) were assigned to either the nutrition programme (n10; two fasting days of 730 kcal/d (3050 kJ/d) of balanced shake and dietary supplements to support weight management efforts, followed by 5 d of habitual diet) or a control group (n12; habitual diet). A significant weight loss from baseline (pre-holiday 10 d before Thanksgiving) to day 52 (post-holiday 3 January) was observed in the nutrition programme (75·0 (sd9·8)v.76·3 (sd9·8) kg;P< 0·05). Body weight did not significantly change in the control group and there was no between-group difference. Increases from baseline in fasting insulin (42·9 %;P= 0·0256), updated homoeostasis model assessment (HOMA2) (43 %;P= 0·025), LDL-cholesterol (8·4 %;P= 0·0426) and total cholesterol (7·1 %;P= 0·0154) levels were also reported in the control group. In the nutrition programme group, baseline HDL-cholesterol and TAG levels measured after two fasting days increased (13 %;P= 0·0245) and decreased (22·8 %;P= 0·0416), respectively. There was no significant change in HOMA2. Between-group differences in changes in insulin levels (P= 0·0227), total cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio (P= 0·0419) and HOMA2 (P= 0·0210) were significant. Overall compliance rate was 98 % and no severe adverse events were reported. These preliminary findings suggest that this intermittent energy restriction intervention might support weight management efforts and help promote metabolic health during the winter holiday season.
Pointwise stability of reaction diffusion fronts
Authors: Li Yingwei 
Published: March 2019

AbstractUsing pointwise semigroup techniques, we establish sharp rates of decay in space and time of a perturbed reaction diffusion front to its time-asymptotic limit. This recovers results of Sattinger, Henry and others of time-exponential convergence in weightedLpand Sobolev norms, while capturing the new feature of spatial diffusion at Gaussian rate. Novel features of the argument are a pointwise Green function decomposition reconciling spectral decomposition and short-time Nash-Aronson estimates and an instantaneous tracking scheme similar to that used in the study of stability of viscous shock waves.
Species variability in the response to elevated temperature of select corals in north-western Philippines
Authors: Da-Anoy Jeric P. , Cabaitan Patrick C. , Conaco Cecilia 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThermal stress events threaten coral populations by disrupting symbiosis between the coral animal and microalgal symbionts in its tissues. These symbionts are key players in the response of the coral holobiont to elevated temperature. However, little is known about the microalgal symbiont type in select corals in the north-western Philippines and how they contribute to the differential responses of coral species. Based on sequencing of major ITS2 bands from DGGE, the dominant algal symbiont inAcropora digitifera,A. millepora,A. tenuisandFavites colemaniwas identified to be closely related to ITS2 type C3u,Montipora digitatacontained ITS2 type C15, andSeriatopora caliendrumhosted ITS2 types similar to C3-Gulf and D1. Thin branching corals, such asA. tenuisandS. caliendrum, exhibited the greatest reduction in photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) and symbiont density at elevated temperature, followed byM. digitataandA. millepora, to a lesser extent.A. digitiferaandF. colemaniwere least affected by the temperature treatment. Reduction in Fv/Fm and symbiont density was more apparent inA. tenuisandA. milleporathan inM. digitataandF. colemani, although these species all host ITS2 type C3u symbionts. These results suggest that the impact of elevated temperature is influenced by factors apart from symbiont type. This highlights the importance of further studies on the diversity of corals and their microalgal symbionts in the region to gain insights into their potential resilience to recurring thermal stress events.