bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of clinical and socioeconomic factors on Medicare and patient costs for colorectal cancer in Australia: a retrospective multivariate regression analysis
Authors: Yang Ou , Zhang Yuting , To Yat Hang , M J IJzerman Maarten , Liu Judith , Gibbs Peter , Trapani Karen , Pearson Sallie-Anne , Franchini Fanny 
Published: December 2024

ObjectiveWe study how clinical and socioeconomic factors influence colorectal cancer (CRC) costs for patients and Medicare in Australia. The study seeks to extend the limited Australian literature on CRC costs by analysing comprehensive patient-level medical services and pharmaceutical cost data.Design, setting and participantsUsing the Victorian Cancer Registry, we identified all patients in Victoria who were diagnosed with CRC from 2010 to 2019 and extracted their linked 2010–2021 Medicare data. This data includes expenses from the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme and Medicare Benefits Schedule services. We examined variables such as disease stage, CRC type, molecular profile, metastasis status and demographics (eg, age, birth country, socioeconomic level via the SEIFA index, and native language). We applied descriptive and log-linear multivariate regression analyses to explore patient and Medicare costs related to CRC treatment.ResultsCosts significantly rise with advanced cancer stages, especially on medication costs. Patients’ average out-of-pocket (OOP) expenses are roughly $A441 per year. Key cost influencers are gender, age and socioeconomic status. On average, males incur 13.5% higher annual costs, a significantly larger OOP expense, than females. Compared with patients aged 50 or below, there is a 7.1% cost increase for individuals aged 50–70 and an 8.8% decrease post-70, likely reflecting less intensive treatment for the elderly. Socioeconomic factors show a clear gradient. Wealthier areas experience higher costs, especially among native English speakers. Costs also vary based on cancer’s anatomical location and specific genetic mutations.ConclusionThe research highlights that CRC treatment expenses for patients and Medicare differ considerably due to factors such as diagnostic stage, demographics, anatomical location of the tumour and mutations. These cost variations lead to concerns about healthcare equality and decision-making autonomy. Policymakers may need to focus on early detection, increased support for advanced-stage patients, gender-sensitive healthcare, and equitable access to treatment across different socioeconomic groups.
Optimal frailty assessment tool for elderly patients with heart failure based on outcome prediction: protocol for a multicentre prospective cohort study
Authors: Wei Xiaolei , Shen Xueli , Yuan Qiuchen , Shen Chen , Liang Tao , Gao Rui , Li Shuping , Cui Lingling 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionFrailty significantly influences the prognosis of elderly patients diagnosed with heart failure. The assessment of frailty is a critical initial step in the management of these patients, as a systematic and precise evaluation facilitates the identification of individuals at high risk. This identification enables timely and targeted interventions, which can subsequently reduce the likelihood of adverse cardiovascular events and improve the quality of life for elderly patients with heart failure. Nevertheless, there exists a notable deficiency in research regarding the most effective frailty assessment tools specifically for elderly patients with heart failure in China. The objective of this study is to identify the frailty assessment tool that demonstrates the highest predictive value for outcomes in this population.Methods and analysisThis study is a multicentre, prospective cohort investigation that commenced in October 2023 across three tertiary hospitals in Beijing, China. Employing a continuous enrolment strategy, the study encompasses all elderly patients diagnosed with heart failure who are undergoing either outpatient or inpatient treatment, continuing until an adequate sample size is achieved. Follow-up evaluations are scheduled every 3 months from the point of patient enrolment, extending until the 12th month post-enrolment. Comprehensive data collection, which includes demographic information, heart failure-related metrics, frailty assessments and significant biochemical test results, is conducted through face-to-face interviews at baseline.Ethics and disseminationParticipant inclusion will depend on obtaining written informed consent from the patient or guardian. The trial protocol was approved by the Central Ethics Committee of Beijing Hospital. The approval letter number is 2023BJYYEC-356-01. Outcomes of the study will be published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal.
Macrophage Therapy for Acute Liver Injury (MAIL): a study protocol for a phase 1 randomised, open-label, dose-escalation study to evaluate safety, tolerability and activity of allogeneic alternatively activated macrophages in patients with paracetamol-induced acute liver injury in the UK
Authors: Humphries Christopher , Addison Melisande , Aithal Guruprasad , Boyd Julia , Briody Lesley , Campbell John D M , Candela Maria Elena , Clarke Ellise , Coulson James , Downing-James Nicholas , Fontana Robert John , Geddes Ailsa , Grahamslaw Julia , Grant Alison , Heye Anna , Hutchinson James A , Jones Ashley , Mitchell Fiona , Moore Joanna , Riddell Alice , Rodriguez Aryelly , Thomas Angela , Tucker Garry , Walker Kim , Weir Christopher J , Woods Rachel , Zahra Sharon , Forbes Stuart J , Dear James W 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionAcute liver failure (ALF) has no effective treatment other than liver transplantation and is commonly caused by paracetamol overdose. New treatments are needed to treat and prevent ALF. Alternatively-activated macrophages (AAMs) can promote resolution of liver necrosis and stimulate hepatocyte proliferation. Using AAMs in unscheduled care requires the use of an allogeneic product. A clinical trial is needed to determine the safety and tolerability of allogeneic AAMs.Methods and analysisA single-centre, open-label, dose-escalation, phase 1 randomised trial to determine whether there is dose-limiting toxicity of AAMs in patients with paracetamol-induced acute liver injury. Randomisation will occur at higher doses. Between 17 and 30 patients will receive treatment, subject to dose-limiting toxicity and an adaptive trial design which aims to reduce the risk of allocation bias through blinding and randomisation.Ethics and disseminationThe trial will be conducted according to the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki 2013 and has been approved by North East—York Research Ethics Committee (reference 23/NE/0019), National Health Service Lothian Research and Development department, and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency. When the trial concludes, results will be shared by presentation and publication.Trial registration numberISRCTN12637839.
Exploring barriers and facilitators in nurses’ reporting of patient and visitor violence: a cross-sectional study in China
Authors: Cai Jianzheng , Ying Yajie , Wang Haifang , Yu Weixia , Wu Sisi , Zhang Yingying , Wang Yalan 
Published: December 2024

ObjectivesThe current status of patient and visitor violence (PVV) reporting among nurses has proven insufficient. Therefore, we explored the barriers and facilitators in nurses’ reporting of PVV.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingGeneral and specialised hospitals in Jiangsu Province, China.ParticipantsA convenience sampling of 3363 nurses in Jiangsu Province was collected between January and July 2023.Main outcome measureThe reporting rate of PVV was assessed by the hospital workplace violence questionnaire-revised version; multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to determine factors associated with PVV reporting at the 5% significance level.ResultsOut of the 3363 surveyed nurses, 1813 (53.9%) reported experiencing PVV within the past year. Notably, only 16.1% of these nurses proactively reported PVV incidents after encountering them. Factors that facilitated reporting of PVV comprised being male (OR 1.832, 95% CI 1.083 to 3.101), working in specialised hospitals (OR 2.335, 95% CI 1.517 to 3.594), serving in emergency (OR 1.788, 95% CI 1.105 to 2.892), outpatient (OR 3.153, 95% CI 1.697 to 5.860), paediatrics (OR 3.808, 95% CI 1.976 to 7.338), possessing agreeableness personality (OR 2.112, 95% CI 1.140 to 3.911), prior hearing of PVV (OR 1.749, 95% CI 1.305 to 2.346) and having hospitals that actively encouraged reporting (OR 2.700, 95% CI 1.848 to 3.946) while safeguarding staff interests (OR 2.072, 95% CI 1.010 to 4.248) and emphasising nurses more (OR 2.109, 95% CI 1.123 to 3.958). Conversely, factors impeding nurses from reporting PVV included having night shifts 5–9 times per month (OR 0.481, 95% CI 0.282 to 0.819) and selectively reporting based on the severity of the violence (OR 0.550, 95% CI 0.344 to 0.878).ConclusionThe reporting rate of PVV among nurses was notably low. Nursing managers should consider implementing comprehensive measures that address both the facilitating and blocking factors identified in the study. This strategic approach aims to enhance the reporting rate of PVV incidents among nurses, fostering a safer and more supportive environment within healthcare settings.
TREE SPECIES DIVERSITY IN PHRA THAT SI MUEANG PONG AREA, CHIANG MAI PROVINCE, THAILAND
Authors: Leelahakriengkrai Pongpan , Bunsongthae Akharasit , Insing Audcharapat 
Published: December 2024

Article Highlights- Rich tree diversity found in Phra That Si Mueang Pong area. - Endangered species identified, promoting conservation efforts. - Unique plant distribution influenced by land use and water proximity. - Potential for ecotourism and environmental education in the region. - Study provides foundational data for future ecological research.AbstractThis research conducted a survey of perennial flora in ten subplots along the pathway leading to Phra That Si Mueang Pong, identifying a total of 30 species representing 20 families, 28 genera. Dominant species included Lagerstroemia duperreana var. duperreana, Shorea siamensis, Pterocarpus macrocarpus, Tectona grandis, and Vitex canescens. Families with the highest species number were Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Combretaceae, and Malvaceae. The study revealed the presence of both common and rare plant species in the area, with differences in species distribution between plots 1-5 and 6-10. Plots 6-10, near the Mae Tha Chang River, displayed higher biodiversity, correlating with the biodiversity index. The dominant species, based on the importance value index (IVI), were Pterocarpus macrocarpus, Lagerstroemia duperreana, Tectona grandis, Shorea siamensis, and Millettia brandisiana, respectively. Two species, Pterocarpus macrocarpus and Tectona grandis, were classified as endangered. The soil analysis indicated slightly acidic pH and relatively low moisture content, with significant differences between plots 1-5 and 6-10. The study suggests the potential for ecotourism and environmental learning centers in the Chiang Mai province cultural tourism destination, emphasizing the rich biodiversity and ecological value of the mixed deciduous and dry dipterocarp forest ecosystems.
Metabonomic Biomarkers of Plaque Burden and Instability in Patients With Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease After Moderate Lipid‐Lowering Therapy
Authors: Mei Zhendong , Xu Lili , Huang Qingxia , Lin Chenhao , Yu Mengyao , Shali Shalaimaiti , Wu Hongyi , Lu Yijing , Wu Runda , Wang Zhen , Luo Lingfeng , Sun Zhonghan , Sun Liang , Qian Juying , Chen Guochong , Tang Huiru , Yao Kang , Zheng Yan , Dai Yuxiang , Ge Junbo 
Published: December 2024

Background
Contemporary risk assessment in patients with coronary atherosclerotic disease (CAD) often relies on invasive angiography. However, we aimed to explore the potential of metabolomic biomarkers in reflecting residual risk in patients with CAD after moderate lipid‐lowering therapy.

Methods and Results
We analyzed serum metabolomic profile among 2560 patients with newly diagnosed CAD undergoing moderate lipid‐lowering therapy, through nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and quantified 175 metabolites, predominantly lipoproteins and their components. CAD severity was evaluated using Gensini score for plaque burden and circulating cardiac troponin T levels for plaque instability. The association of metabolites with CAD severity was examined using multivariate linear regression, and the underlying potential causality was explored using a 2‐sample Mendelian randomization approach. Two composite metabolomic indices were constructed to reflect CAD severity using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator linear regression, and their associations with risk of major adverse cardiac events during a median follow‐up of 3.8 years were evaluated using Cox models. Our investigation revealed that triglycerides and apolipoprotein B in low‐density lipoprotein particles displayed stronger associations with CAD severity compared with the clinically used low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol marker. In large high‐density lipoprotein, components like cholesterol, cholesterol esters, triglyceride, apolipoprotein A1/A2 showed inverse associations with CAD severity. Certain metabolites, including apolipoprotein B and dihydrothymine, showed a putative causal link with Gensini score. Notably, per standard deviation increase in Gensini score–based metabolomic index was associated with 14.8% higher major adverse cardiac event risk (hazard ratio, 1.148 [95% CI, 1.018–1.295]) independent of demographic factors, medication use, and disease status.

Conclusions
Our findings highlight the potential of nuclear magnetic resonance–based metabolomics in identifying novel biomarkers of plaque burden and instability. Metabolites related to plaque burden may facilitate noninvasive assessment of CAD prognosis.
Article 63 of the ICJ Statute and the Legal Effects of Judgments on Intervening States – an Attempt for More Clarity
Authors: Huremagić Haris 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Article 63(2) of the ICJ Statute foresees that the construction of a convention contained in a judgment will be “equally binding” upon intervening States. While it is clear that the object and purpose of this provision is to facilitate a coherent interpretation of multilateral conventions, the extent of its binding force is contested. This article seeks to explore the possible interpretations of Article 63(2). The construction of this provision’s legal effects could impact States’ decisions whether to intervene and on which basis. This article argues that its binding force needs to be construed narrowly. It contends that any binding force is limited by Article 59 resulting in the intervening States and the parties being bound between themselves and in respect of the particular case only. As a result, while such narrowly construed binding force has modest effects, it causes fewer frictions with the ICJ Statute and other rules of international law.
Impacts of Climate Change and Land-Use Change on Summer Water Vapor Contribution in Eastern China Based on a Bayesian Isotopic Mixing Model
Authors: Chen Jiacheng , Chen Jie , Zhang Xunchang J. , Peng Peiyi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Water vapor transport plays an important role in hydrological processes, influencing water cycles at global and regional scales. Investigating the change in water vapor sources of precipitation is helpful to understand the precipitation change and its cause. Combining the Bayesian isotopic mixing model and the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model, this study determines the contribution change of water vapor sources for precipitation and the difference of water vapor sources under different land use and cover in eastern China. The study estimated that the mean contributions of advection, evaporation, and transpiration vapor to summer precipitation during 1969–2017 are 80.3%, 5.1%, and 14.5%, respectively. Among the advection vapor, vapor from Eurasia and the western Pacific Ocean contributes most to the precipitation in North China and vapor from the Indian Ocean, South China Sea, and western Pacific Ocean contributes most in South China. The contribution of advection vapor to precipitation decreases at the rate of 0.7% decade−1, while the contributions of evaporation and transpiration vapor increase at the rate of 0.2% and 0.5% decade−1, respectively. Advection vapor contribution is the controlling factor of summer precipitation change, while local evaporation and transpiration vapor are also contributors. In addition, the contributions of evaporation and transpiration vapor to precipitation are influenced by land use and cover type. The contributions of evaporation and transpiration vapor to precipitation for large-proportion forests are higher than those for cultivated lands, while the contributions for small-proportion forests are lower than those for cultivated lands.
Understanding the Influence of the Tropical Intraseasonal Oscillation in Predicting the Indian Ocean Dipole
Authors: Jiang Jing , Wu Jiye , Luo Jing-Jia 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) is an important source of seasonal–interannual climate prediction. However, predicting the IOD itself is a long-standing challenge due to in part the influence of tropical intraseasonal oscillation (ISO). This study revisits the influence of the ISO on the evolution of the IOD. Furthermore, the impact of intraseasonal signals on the IOD prediction is investigated using an atmosphere–ocean coupled model. Compared to the prediction without atmospheric data initialization (nudging toward observed atmosphere), the prediction skill of the IOD at lead times of 1–6 months is improved. This improvement may benefit from a realistic initial condition and prediction in the first month for tropical ISOs such as the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO) and its associated easterly/westerly wind events (E/WWEs). As seen in the observation and predictions, the frequency of the active BSISO in summer is significantly correlated to the SST anomalies over the eastern Indian Ocean (EIO) in autumn, and the WWEs in summer excite downwelling Kelvin waves and accumulate heat in the subsurface of the EIO. However, the effect of atmospheric nudging varies when predicting different IOD events. For instance, it improves the prediction of a positive IOD (pIOD) in 1997, while it degrades the prediction of a pIOD in 2006, which is attributed to the asymmetrical relationship between intraseasonal easterly/westerly wind and SST in the EIO. Our results reinforce the importance of high-frequency signals in the IOD prediction. The limited skill in predicting the ISO and the across-time-scale interactions may restrict the model’s capability in predicting the IOD.
Associations of Combined Physical Activity and Body Mass Index with Metabolic Syndrome in American Adults: From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2017–2020
Authors: Zhang Guang-Lei , Lee Junga 
Published: December 2024

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the combined associations of physical activity and body mass index with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in a population-based sample of American adults. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Data from the 2017-2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Subjects A total of 2945 American adults who participated in the NHANES 2017-2020. Measures Participants' physical activity levels were categorized based on the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. Metabolic syndrome was determined using the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. Analysis The prevalence of metabolic syndrome among the various groups was analyzed using binary logistic regression to observe differences in the associated risks of developing metabolic syndrome. Results An increase in body mass index and a decrease in physical activity are both risk factors for metabolic syndrome. Statistical results show that the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the obese and sedentary group is 22.31 times higher than that in the normal weight and active group ( P = 0.000). Conclusion A combination of at least 600 MET-minutes of physical activity per week and a lower body mass index is significantly associated with the lowest prevalence of metabolic syndrome.
Multi-scale topology optimisation design and mechanical property analysis of porous interbody fusion cage
Authors: Zhang Huaiyue , Fu Rongchang , Zhu Xu 
Published: December 2024

Background Titanium (Ti) and polyether ether ketone (PEEK) interbody fusion cages cause postoperative stress shielding problems. The porous cage design is one of the solutions advanced to mitigate this problem. Objective Exploring the mitigation of stress shielding with a porous interbody fusion cage after surgery for idiopathic scoliosis. Methods The porous interbody fusion cage was constructed based on the multiscale topology optimisation method, and the postoperative lumbar spine models implanted with it. The porous Ti and PEEK fusion cages were evaluated under physiological conditions to investigate their mechanical properties. Results The volume of the porous fusion cage was reduced by 52.57%, and the stress was increased by 242.76% and 252.46% compared with the Ti and PEEK fusion cage; the modulus of elasticity of the porous fusion cage was reduced by 76.85%, and the strain was increased by 131.40%∼686.51% compared with the Ti cage; the porous fusion cage increased L3 cortical bone stress by 13.36% and 13.52% and cancellous bone by 82.93% and 76.72%, respectively, compared with the original interbody fusion cages. Conclusion The porous interbody fusion cage has a much more lightweight design which facilitates growth of bone tissue. However, a frame structure should be constructed to minimize issues with stress peaks and localised stress concentrations. It also has a significantly lower stiffness which helps alleviate vertebral stress shielding, further fostering bone growth. The porous fusion cage thus meets the clinical requirements for better fusion outcomes.
Linarin Protects against Cisplatin-induced Nephrotoxicity via Subsiding Proinflammatory and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Qi Jie , Gao Lili 
Published: December 2024

Background One of the most effective anticancer medications for treating a range of cancers is cisplatin (Cis). Its use is limited because of its nephrotoxicity. Purpose This study aims to evaluate the role of linarin (LIN) in protecting rats from Cis-induced nephrotoxicity. Methods The animals were split up into four groups: Group I consisted of control animals; group II consisted of Cis-treated animals; group III consisted of Cis-treated animals that received a 25 mg/kg dosage of LIN; group IV consisted of Cis-treated animals that received a 50 mg/kg dose of LIN. We measured the kidney and body weights of each experimental group. Blood samples were taken to measure the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and Cr levels in the test animals. To further evaluate the effects of LIN therapy in a dose-dependent manner, an investigation of antioxidant enzymes, oxidative stress indicators, plasma sodium and potassium levels, inflammatory markers, and histopathology was conducted. Results We found that giving LIN to Cis-treated rats helped to enhance renal function. The animals’ body weight, histopathological conditions, and amount of antioxidant enzymes were all markedly elevated by LIN in the animals. Additionally, it decreased kidney weight, BUN and Cr levels, oxidative stress indicators, and inflammatory markers. Conclusion Therefore, we conclude that LIN can be utilized to protect the kidneys from damage caused by Cis therapy. Nurses can promote well-being and recovery in patients at risk of Cis-induced nephrotoxicity by encouraging gentle physical activities and providing emotional and psychological support, leveraging LIN’s protective effects.