bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Triiodide Organic Salts: Photoelectrochemistry at the Border between Insulators and Semiconductors
Authors: Wlaźlak Ewelina , Kalinowska‐Tłuścik Justyna , Nitek Wojciech , Klejna Sylwia , Mech Krzysztof , Macyk Wojciech , Szaciłowski Konrad 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe intriguing properties of triiodide organic salts ([(C6H5)3AsO]2H+I3−, (C6H5CH2)3NH+I3− ⋅C6H5CH3, and [(C6H5CH2)3NO]2H+I3−) have been analyzed in detail using experimental and theoretical techniques. The analysis of crystal structures, density of states distribution and photocurrent generation of this purely ionic materials indicates insulating character of the ground state, whereas semiconducting character in higher excited states is observed. These peculiar properties of the studied compounds are the consequence of a specific electronic structure: very flat dispersion diagrams of the valence and conduction band and highly dispersive character on the higher conduction band. Weak triiodide‐triiodide interactions play the key role in the visible absorption range of these salts, while the charge transfer involving high energy carbon‐centered states is responsible for photocurrent generation. The complexity of the electrochemical reactions and the interactions of the I3− anion with light, solubility in organic solvents and the simplicity of preparation make these materials interesting candidates for application in unconventional optoelectronic devices.
Influence of Gd Doping on the Structure and Electrocatalytic Performance of TiO2 Nanotube/SnO2−Sb Nano‐coated Electrode
Authors: Yang Lisha , Zhang Zhaohan , Liu Junfeng , Huang Linlin , Jia Liu , Feng Yujie 
Published: August 2018

AbstractGd‐doped TiO2−NT/SnO2−Sb (NT=nanotube) electrodes were prepared by using a solvothermal synthesis approach with a nano‐sized catalyst coating. Phenol degradation and total organic carbon (TOC) removal followed pseudo‐first‐order kinetics in the experimental range. A maximum rate was achieved by using a Gd doping ratio of 2 % (molar ratio based on Gd/Sn), which was 56.5 % and 68 % higher than that of the control (Gd/0 %) for phenol degradation and TOC removal. The results from the UV scan of the electrolyte showed that introducing an appropriate amount of Gd could promote the electrochemical incineration process, and thus effectively degrade the chemical intermediates during phenol oxidation. In addition, the Gd/2 %‐doped electrode had the longest accelerated life time of 25 h, which was 25 % higher than that of the control. A suitable Gd doping ratio could diminish the SnO2 crystal size and increase the specific surface area, speeding up the electrode's reaction rate, thus promoting the oxygen evolution potential. A regular and compact morphology with a smallest particle size of 9.5 nm was obtained on the Gd/2 %‐doped electrode, which prompted a smaller charge‐transfer resistance and higher electrical double‐layer capacitance than that of the control. The results from X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance suggested that a maximal of surface active sites (i. e. oxygen vacancy) was formed on the Gd/2 %‐doped electrode, which provided abundant positive charge for adsorbing more oxygen species (37.5 %) than the control (21.5 %), and greatly enhanced the formation of ·OH to attack the targeted pollutant.
Beyond Biological Chelation: Coordination of f‐Block Elements by Polyhydroxamate Ligands
Authors: Sockwell A. Kirstin , Wetzler Modi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe promise of polyhydroxamic acid ligands for the selective chelation of the f‐block elements is becoming increasingly more apparent. The initial studies of polyhydroxamic acid siderophores showed the formation of highly stable complexes with PuIV, but a higher preference for FeIIIhindered effective applications. The development of synthetic routes toward highly pure and customizable ligands containing multiple hydroxamic acids allowed for the growth of new classes of compounds. Although the first round of these ligands focused on the incorporation of siderophore‐like frameworks, the new synthetic strategies led to small molecules of various frameworks and even resins for applications in the field of f‐block element separations and biological desorption. Unfortunately, a lack of consistent stability‐constant data makes direct comparisons across this body of work difficult. More studies into the stability constants and separations of the f‐block elements in a variety of pH ranges is necessary to truly realize the potential for polyhydroxamic acid ligands.
Redox Potential‐Dependent Formation of an Unusual His–Trp Bond in Bilirubin Oxidase
Authors: Akter Mahfuza , Tokiwa Takaki , Shoji Mitsuo , Nishikawa Koji , Shigeta Yasuteru , Sakurai Takeshi , Higuchi Yoshiki , Kataoka Kunishige , Shibata Naoki 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBilirubin oxidase (BOD) belongs to the family of blue multicopper oxidases, and catalyzes the concomitant oxidation of bilirubin to biliverdin and the reduction of molecular oxygen to water via a four‐electron reduction system. The active sites of BOD comprise four copper atoms; type I copper (T1Cu) forms a mononuclear site, and a cluster of three copper atoms forms a trinuclear center. In the present study, we determined the high‐resolution crystal structures of BOD from the fungus Myrothecium verrucaria. We investigated wild‐type (WT) BOD and a BOD mutant called Met467Gln, which is inactive against bilirubin. The structures revealed that a novel post‐translational crosslink between Trp396 and His398 is formed in the vicinity of the T1Cu site in WT BOD, whereas it is absent in the Met467Gln mutant. Our structural and computational studies suggest that the His–Trp crosslink adjusts the redox potential of T1Cu to that of bilirubin to efficiently abstract electrons from the substrate.
RhI‐Catalyzed Carbonylative [3+1] Construction of Cyclobutenones via C−C σ‐Bond Activation of Cyclopropenes
Authors: Xu Wen‐Bin , Li Changkun , Wang Jianbo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWith a catalytic amount of Rh(cod)2BF4 and dppm, cyclopropenes undergo a direct carbonylative [3+1] cycloaddition reaction under an atmosphere of CO to produce the cyclobutenones in excellent yields, in which the regio‐ and diastereoselectivities can be controlled in certain cases with the help of chelating groups. Cyclobutenone with a chiral 4‐position was prepared by diastereoselective induction. Rhodacyclopentenone has been determined as the key intermediate, as it was synthesized and applied to the reductive elimination step.
The Lewis‐Base‐Stabilized Diphenyl‐Substituted Arsanylborane: A Versatile Building Block for Arsanylborane Oligomers
Authors: Hegen Oliver , Virovets Alexander V. , Timoshkin Alexey Y. , Scheer Manfred 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe synthesis and properties of the diphenyl‐substituted arsanylborane Ph2AsBH2SMe2 (1) and Ph2AsBH2NMe3 (2) stabilized by a Lewis base (LB) were reported. These compounds were obtained by reaction of KAsPh2 with IBH2−LB (LB=SMe2, NMe3). Compounds 1 and 2 were used as starting materials for oligomeric/ polymeric arsinoboranes. The neutral species, H3B−Ph2AsBH2NMe3 (3) and Br3B−Ph2AsBH2NMe3 (4), were synthesized by reaction with H3B and Br3B, respectively. Upon reaction with IBH2−LB (LB=SMe2, NMe3), the cationic oligomeric group‐13/15‐based compounds [(Me3NBH2AsPh2BH2NMe3)]I (5) and [H2B(Ph2AsBH2NMe3)2]I (6) were obtained. All compounds were completely characterized. In addition, the oxidation of Ph2AsBH2NMe3 with chalcogens was studied. The sulfur Ph2As(S)BH2NMe3 (7 b) and selenium Ph2As(Se)BH2NMe3 (7 c) oxidation products were both isolated and fully characterized, whereas the bis(trimethylsilyl)peroxide oxidated arsinoborane Ph2As(O)BH2NMe3 (7 a) was not stable enough and could only be characterized in solution. DFT computations supported the decomposition pathway of this compound.
Alignment of EphA4 and ephrin‐B2 expression patterns with developing modularity in the lateral cortex of the inferior colliculus
Authors: Gay Sean M. , Brett Cooper A. , Stinson Jeremiah P.C. , Gabriele Mark L. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn the multimodal lateral cortex of the inferior colliculus (LCIC), there are two neurochemically and connectionally distinct compartments, termed modular and extramodular zones. Modular fields span LCIC layer 2 and are recipients of somatosensory afferents, while encompassing extramodular domains receive auditory inputs. Recently, in developing mice, we identified several markers (among them glutamic acid decarboxylase, GAD) that consistently label the same modular set, and a reliable extramodular marker, calretinin, (CR). Previous reports from our lab show similar modular–extramodular patterns for certain Eph–ephrin guidance members, although their precise alignment with the developing LCIC neurochemical framework has yet to be addressed. Here we confirm in the nascent LCIC complementary GAD/CR‐positive compartments, and characterize the registry of EphA4 and ephrin‐B2 expression patterns with respect to its emerging modular–extramodular organization. Immunocytochemical approaches in GAD67‐GFP knock‐in mice reveal patchy EphA4 and ephrin‐B2 domains that precisely align with GAD‐positive LCIC modules, and are complementary to CR‐defined extramodular zones. Such patterning was detectable neonatally, yielding discrete compartments prior to hearing onset. A dense plexus of EphA4‐positive fibers filled modules, surrounding labeled ephrin‐B2 and GAD cell populations. The majority of observed GABAergic neurons within modular boundaries were also positive for ephrin‐B2. These results suggest an early compartmentalization of the LCIC that is likely instructed in part through Eph–ephrin guidance mechanisms. The overlap of developing LCIC neurochemical and guidance patterns is discussed in the context of its seemingly segregated multimodal input–output streams.
Pharmacokinetics and Comparative Bioavailability of a Levothyroxine Sodium Oral Solution and Soft Capsule
Authors: Tanguay Mario , Girard Johanne , Scarsi Claudia , Mautone Giuseppe , Larouche Richard 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA new formulation of levothyroxine sodium has been developed in the form of an oral solution contained in unit‐dose ampules. A study has been conducted to compare the bioavailability of levothyroxine sodium oral solution and levothyroxine sodium soft capsule in healthy volunteers under fasting conditions. The rate and extent of absorption of the new levothyroxine solution were also evaluated when administered on dilution in water or directly into the mouth without water. In each period, according to the randomization scheme, subjects were administered single oral doses of either test, as 4 × 150‐μg unit‐dose ampules, with or without water, or reference, as 4 × 150‐μg capsules in a crossover design. Thirty‐six subjects were randomized and dosed in this study; of these, 31 completed all study periods. When comparing the solution with the capsule (both products administered with water), the 90% confidence intervals for the ratio of log‐transformed values of AUC0‐48 and Cmax were within 90.00% and 111.11%, respectively, for baseline‐corrected levothyroxine. Moreover, the administration of levothyroxine oral solution without water did not affect the rate and extent of its absorption. In conclusion, levothyroxine oral solution unit‐dose ampules were bioequivalent to the levothyroxine capsule when administered with or without water. All formulations were well tolerated, with no major side effects.
Reconfigurable routing protocol with optical sphere in FSO MANET
Authors: Balamurugan Kavitha , K Chitra , A Jawahar 
Published: August 2018

SummaryIn Free Space Optic Mobile Ad hoc Networks (FSO MANET), during data transmission through hierarchical routing protocol, the route failure may either occur if the node has expired due to energy drain or if the node is not positioned with the succeeding hop node owing to mobility. To circumvent these obstacles, in this work, a cross layered reconfigurable protocol for routing with multiple transceivers called as optical sphere in FSO MANET is developed in NS‐2. In this protocol, the nodes are clustered, and the cluster head is selected using network source connector. If any of the cluster member expire due to energy drain and if the alternate path is not available in the routing table, then the source will perform route reconfiguration to change the orientation and transmission radius of the node resulting in direct transmission of packet to cluster head. During data transmission through re‐configured route, if the node interface is positioned with respect to the succeeding hop node, then the packet can be delivered. Otherwise, per‐flow buffer algorithm is used for re alignment. Results simulated show that the proposed protocol surpasses the existing works in terms of delay, delivery ratio, and residual energy.
Avoiding resource misallocations in business processes
Authors: Bellaaj Elloumi Farah , Sellami Mohamed , Bhiri Sami 
Published: August 2018

SummaryThis paper presents an approach for avoiding resource misallocations in Business Processes (BPs). We consider a resource misallocation as an improper combination of resources in a BP and we introduce a decision tree‐based approach to minimize these misallocations likelihoods. The approach uses a BP's event log that tracks past misallocations along with their undesirable impacts in terms of time, cost, and quality on BP instances. These impacts are identified by mining resource allocation rules, which provide a concise summary of a BP's event log and thus are also used to generate decision trees. A system demonstrating the feasibility and efficiency of the approach through experiments is presented in this paper as well.
Discovered and disappearing? Conservation genetics of a recently named Australian carnivorous marsupial
Authors: Mutton Thomas Y. , Fuller Susan J. , Tucker David , Baker Andrew M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractFive new species within the Australian carnivorous marsupial genus Antechinus have recently been named, at least two of which are threatened. Important facets of the habitat use and extinction risk of one of these new species, the buff‐footed antechinus, A. mysticus, are not well understood. Previous research has suggested that the species utilizes a broad range of inter‐connected forest habitats in southeast Queensland (Qld), Australia. Based on this potentially connected habitat, we predicted that A. mysticus should have low population genetic structure, particularly in relation to its congener, the spatially restricted, high altitude, closed‐forest A. subtropicus. We genotyped nine microsatellite loci for six populations of A. mysticus, sampled throughout their known range in eastern Australia, and compared them with four proximate populations of A. subtropicus. Surprisingly, genetic structuring among southeast Qld populations of A. mysticus was moderate to high and similar to that between A. subtropicus populations. We postulate that all A. mysticus populations have declined recently (<100 generations), particularly the northernmost southeast Qld population, which may be at risk of extinction. Our results suggest that A. mysticus is limited to a more scattered and fragmented distribution than previously thought and may be in decline. The identification of population decline in this study and recently in other Antechinus suggests the extinction risk of many Australian mammals should be reassessed.
Substantial changes in the depth distributions of benthic invertebrates in the eastern Kattegat since the 1880s
Authors: Josefson Alf B. , Loo Lars‐Ove , Blomqvist Mats , Rolandsson Johan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBottom trawling and eutrophication are well known for their impacts on the marine benthic environment in the last decades. Evaluating the effects of these pressures is often restricted to contemporary benthic data, limiting the potential to observe change from an earlier (preimpact) state. In this study, we compared benthic species records from 1884 to 1886 by CGJ Petersen with recent data to investigate how benthic invertebrate species in the eastern Kattegat have changed since preimpact time. The study shows that species turnover between old and recent times was high, ca. 50%, and the species richness in the investigation area was either unchanged or higher in recent times, suggesting no net loss of species. Elements of metacommunity structure analysis of datasets from the 1880s, 1990s, and 2000s revealed a clear change in the depth distribution structure since the 1880s. The system changed from a Quasi‐nested/Random pattern unrelated to depth in the 1880s with many species depth ranges over a major part of the studied depth interval, to a Clementsian pattern in recent times strongly positively correlated with depth. Around 30% of the 117 species recorded both in old and in recent times, including most trawling‐sensitive species, that is large, semiemergent species, showed a decrease in maximal depth of occurrence from the deeper zone fished today to the shallower unfished zone, with on average 20 m. Concurrently, the species category remaining in the fished zone was dominated by species less sensitive to bottom trawling like infauna polychaetes and small‐sized Peracarida crustaceans, most likely with short longevity. The depth interval and magnitude of the changes in depth distribution and the changes in species composition indicate impacts from bottom trawling rather than eutrophication. Furthermore, the high similarity of results from the recent datasets 10 years apart suggests chronic impact keeping the system in an altered state.
Female ornamentation and the fecundity trade‐off in a sex‐role reversed pipefish
Authors: Mobley Kenyon B. , Morrongiello John R. , Warr Matthew , Bray Dianne J. , Wong Bob B. M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSexual ornaments found only in females are a rare occurrence in nature. One explanation for this is that female ornaments are costly to produce and maintain and, therefore, females must trade‐off resources related to reproduction to promote ornament expression. Here, we investigate whether a trade‐off exists between female ornamentation and fecundity in the sex‐role reversed, wide‐bodied pipefish, Stigmatopora nigra. We measured two components of the disk‐shaped, ventral‐striped female ornament, body width, and stripe thickness. After controlling for the influence of body size, we found no evidence of a cost of belly width or stripe thickness on female fecundity. Rather, females that have larger ornaments have higher fecundity and thus accurately advertise their reproductive value to males without incurring a cost to fecundity. We also investigated the relationship between female body size and egg size and found that larger females suffer a slight decrease in egg size and fecundity, although this decrease was independent of female ornamentation. More broadly, considered in light of similar findings in other taxa, lack of an apparent fecundity cost of ornamentation in female pipefish underscores the need to revisit theoretical assumptions concerning the evolution of female ornamentation.
Breath rate of passerines across an urbanization gradient supports the pace‐of‐life hypothesis and suggests diet‐mediated responses to handling stress
Authors: Liang Dan , He Chao , Luo Xu , Liu Yang , Goodale Eben , Pagani‐Núñez Emilio 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe pace‐of‐life hypothesis predicts no impact of urbanization on stress responses. Accordingly, several studies have been inconsistent in showing differences in breath rate (BR), a proxy of acute stress responses to handling in passerines, between rural and urban areas. However, this evidence is limited to a single bird species and a limited geographic region (SW Europe). No study addressed whether this pattern is also apparent in other species or regions, such as in tropical environments, or whether it is dependent on the level of diet specialization, given that diet restriction and change influence stress responses. Here, we tested whether there were differences in BR between habitats and diet groups using eight highly diverse passerine assemblages experiencing different levels of anthropogenic disturbance (i.e., natural, rural, and urban locations) in SW China. We predicted that insectivores and herbivores (frugivores, nectarivores, and seed‐eating species) would show higher BR than omnivores. We also predicted no differences in BR among habitat types. BR was a moderately repeatable trait, which showed a negative relationship with body mass and a positive relationship with the time of the day. We also recorded a relatively strong phylogenetic bias in the expression of this trait. Confirming our predictions, our results showed no differences in BR among natural, rural, and urban locations. Similarly, within species, there were no differences in BR between rural and urban locations. However, we also found that herbivores showed higher BR than omnivores. Overall, our results provide support to the pace‐of‐life hypothesis, but suggest acute stress responses can be diet‐mediated, which may help to explain the marked decline of specialized trophic guilds around the world in response to anthropogenic disturbance.
Aspen recruitment in the Yellowstone region linked to reduced herbivory after large carnivore restoration
Authors: Painter Luke E. , Beschta Robert L. , Larsen Eric J. , Ripple William J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractQuaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) recruitment during the 1980s–90s was suppressed by Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus canadensis) herbivory on winter ranges in the Yellowstone region, and saplings (young aspen taller than 2 m) were rare. Following the 1995–96 reintroduction of gray wolves (Canis lupus), browsing decreased and sapling recruitment increased in Yellowstone National Park. We compared aspen data from inside the park to data collected in three winter ranges outside the park. For most areas, the percentage of young aspen browsed annually was 80–100% in 1997–98, decreasing to 30–60% in 2011–15. Sapling recruitment was inversely correlated with browsing intensity, and increased despite climate trends unfavorable for aspen. Browsing decreased with decreasing elk density, a relationship suggesting that densities greater than about 4 elk/km2 resulted in consistently strong browsing effects likely to suppress aspen recruitment. Changes in elk density and distribution were influenced by predators, as well as human hunters. Most evidence for trophic cascades involving large terrestrial mammals has been from protected areas within national parks. This study provides evidence of widespread changes in plant communities resulting from large carnivore restoration, extending outside a protected national park to areas with hunting, livestock grazing, and other human activities.