bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mobile Intensive Care Unit: A case management team dedicated to early psychosis in France
Authors: Lecardeur Laurent , Meunier‐Cussac Sophie , Dollfus Sonia 
Published: May 2018

AimTo present the activities of a Mobile Intensive Care Unit in France.MethodsWe summarize participant recruitment as well as the diagnostic procedures and therapeutic interventions offered to individuals with an at‐risk mental state or first‐episode psychosis (FEP).ResultsSince its inception in 2010, 266 individuals from 16 to 30 years old living in an area of 120 000 citizens have been recruited by the Mobile Intensive Care Unit. Patients are evaluated by clinical and neuropsychological assessments, and therapeutic interventions include medication, individual case management and both individual and group cognitive behavioural therapy. Diagnostic assessments are also provided for the patients outside of our geographic area.ConclusionsThe Mobile Intensive Care Unit is a functional unit enabling young adults with a high‐risk mental state or FEP to receive high standard of care and mobile management over 2 years, aimed at diminishing the risk of transition to chronic disease and decreasing functional impairment.
Revisiting the role of high‐energy Pacific events in the environmental and cultural history of Easter Island (Rapa Nui)
Authors: Margalef Olga , Álvarez‐Gómez José A. , Pla‐Rabes Sergi , Cañellas‐Boltà Núria , Rull Valentí , Sáez Alberto , Geyer Adelina , Peñuelas Josep , Sardans Jordi , Giralt Santiago 
Published: May 2018

Pacific islands are spread over thousands of kilometres of the Pacific Basin and are characterised by similar ecological features but very diverse geologic origins, from steep volcanoes to flat coral atolls. Several climatic phases have been shared across the region within the last 1,000 years. Numerous and abrupt societal and cultural changes during the same period have been described for islands separated by thousands of kilometres. Conspicuous societal changes have been exclusively attributed to the main climatic patterns (changes in precipitation and temperature). The possible role of tsunamis and the occurrence of large volcanic eruptions as regional societal modulators, however, have traditionally received little attention from archaeologists, mainly due to the difficulty of recognising them in the sedimentary and geomorphological records. We explore the potential influence of the most important high‐energy events in the Pacific on Polynesian societal changes, with a special focus on Easter Island. For example, the extreme Samalas eruption inAD1257 may have been an indirect driver of the sudden population decline, land degradation and decreased food resources on many Pacific islands betweenAD1250 and 1300, and the Kuwae eruption inAD1450 may have triggered the synchronous end of long voyaging expeditions across the Pacific. Important palaeo‐tsunamis have had unquestionable impacts on coastal and seafaring societies. A direct effect of the main eruptions of the last millennia (AD1257 and 1453) on Easter Island has not yet been identified by any record, but we have calculated the likelihood of destructive tsunamis with an estimated period of recurrence for large events of less than a century. This insight is new and needs to be taken into account to complement what we already know about Easter Island's cultural history and archaeological sites, especially those in vulnerable coastal locations.
Prevalence of and factors associated with successful aging in Brazilian older adults: Frailty in Brazilian older people Study (FIBRA RJ)
Authors: Canêdo Ana C , Lopes Claudia S , Lourenço Roberto A 
Published: May 2018

AimWe aimed to estimate the factors associated with the biomedical dimension of successful aging (SA) and its prevalence in older Brazilian individuals. The conceptual framework for this approach relies on the considerable variation in the biophysiological effects of aging and the need to understand the factors that influence this process.MethodsData from a total of 845 older adults were analyzed. SA operationalization included the following criteria: good physical and cognitive performance, absence of disabilities, and good health conditions. Descriptive analyses were used to estimate the prevalence of SA, and the factors associated with SA were assessed using multivariate logistic regressions.ResultsThe overall prevalence of SA was 25%, and the associated factors were the absence of (OR 10.5, 95% CI 5.2–21.1) or fewer than two physical morbidities (OR,3.5, 95% CI 2.1–5.9), body mass index in the overweight range (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.02–3.3), absence of depression (OR ,2.1, 95% CI 1.07 = 4.1), high levels of physical activity (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.14–3.2), high levels of social participation (OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.16–3.4) and younger age (65–74 years, OR 4.27, 95% CI 1.79–10.1; 75–84 years, OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.18–6.41).ConclusionsA small proportion of older adults met the criteria defining successful aging. Despite the great impact of biological determinants, modifiable social and lifestyle factors predicted successful aging in this population, suggesting that health promotion targeting behavioral changes might lead to tangible benefits for health and well‐being in old age. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 1280–1285.
Differential cell surface recruitment of the superoxide‐producing NADPH oxidases Nox1, Nox2 and Nox5: The role of the small GTPase Sar1
Authors: Kiyohara Takuya , Miyano Kei , Kamakura Sachiko , Hayase Junya , Chishiki Kanako , Kohda Akira , Sumimoto Hideki 
Published: May 2018

Transmembrane glycoproteins, synthesized at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), generally reach the Golgi apparatus in COPII‐coated vesicles en route to the cell surface. Here, we show that the bona fide nonglycoprotein Nox5, a transmembrane superoxide‐producing NADPH oxidase, is transported to the cell surface in a manner resistant to co‐expression of Sar1 (H79G), a GTP‐fixed mutant of the small GTPase Sar1, which blocks COPII vesicle fission from the ER. In contrast, Sar1 (H79G) effectively inhibits ER‐to‐Golgi transport of glycoproteins including the Nox5‐related oxidase Nox2. The trafficking of Nox2, but not that of Nox5, is highly sensitive to over‐expression of syntaxin 5 (Stx5), a t‐SNARE required for COPII ER‐to‐Golgi transport. Thus, Nox2 and Nox5 mainly traffic via the Sar1/Stx5‐dependent and ‐independent pathways, respectively. Both participate in Nox1 trafficking, as Nox1 advances to the cell surface in two differentially N‐glycosylated forms, one complex and one high mannose, in a Sar1/Stx5‐dependent and ‐independent manner, respectively. Nox2 and Nox5 also can use both pathways: a glycosylation‐defective mutant Nox2 is weakly recruited to the plasma membrane in a less Sar1‐dependent manner; N‐glycosylated Nox5 mutants reach the cell surface in part as the complex form Sar1‐dependently, albeit mainly as the high‐mannose form in a Sar1‐independent manner.
Can we assess severity of Guillain‐Barré syndrome using absolute monocyte count?
Authors: Li X. , Li W. , Luo Y. , Qin L. , Su Q. , Mo W. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIntroductionGuillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) is an inflammatory demyelinating autoimmune disease, associated with blood‐nerve barrier breakdown, inflammatory cells infiltration, and cytokine leakage in the peripheral nervous system. Currently, it has been revealed that monocytes play key roles in the inflammatory response. Therefore, we aimed to assess the correlation between monocyte count and GBS in this study.MethodsRetrospective study was conducted in 114 patients with GBS and 120 age‐ and gender‐matched individuals.ResultsAbsolute monocyte count in patients with GBS was higher than that in healthy controls (0.61 ± 0.24 vs 0.41 ± 0.10; P  < .001). Interestingly, monocyte count had significant positive correlations with CRP, ESR, and disease severity of GBS (r = .244, P = .009; r = .269, P = .004; r = .322, P < .001). A cutoff value of 0.515 for monocyte count was observed in patients with GBS (areas under the curve = 0.808, 95% confidence interval = 0.749‐0.868, P  < .001). Meanwhile, absolute monocyte count was independently associated with GBS in logistic regression analysis (odds ratio = 2.291, 95% confidence interval = 3.557‐27.493, P < .001).ConclusionOur findings demonstrated that elevated monocyte count is independently associated with GBS patients, and suggested monocyte count is positively associated with disease severity of GBS.
Measurement of rivaroxaban concentrations demonstrates lack of clinical utility of a PT, dPT and APTT test in estimating levels
Authors: Thom I. , Cameron G. , Robertson D. , Watson H. G. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIntroductionRivaroxaban concentrations were measured in 127 inpatient samples using an HPLC‐MS/MS assay.MethodsWe compared this measurement with a calibrated anti‐Xa assay and performed PT, aPTT and dilute PT tests to assess the value of clot‐based assays in clinical decision‐making.ResultsThe correlation between the anti‐Xa assay and the HPLC‐MS/MS at therapeutic concentrations was strong (R2 = 0.98). The PT, RecombiPlasTin 2G, and aPTT, Actin FS, showed a linear dose‐response but poor correlation (R2 = 0.32 and 0.44, respectively) and at dilutions of 1 in 150 to 1 in 750 the dilute PT assay also showed poor correlation with rivaroxaban concentrations measured by specific assays. A normal PT or aPTT alone did not identify a likely safe rivaroxaban concentration to allow surgery or invasive procedures, but the combination of normal PT and aPTT identified a group of patients with rivaroxaban levels less than 90 ng/mL. Combined normal PT and aPTT had specificity and sensitivity of 0.97 (95% CI 0.92‐0.99) and 0.37 (95% CI 0.1‐0.74) for a rivaroxaban concentration < 32 ng/mL.ConclusionsThe PT and aPTT show poor correlation with rivaroxaban levels measured by calibrated anti‐Xa and HPLC‐MS/MS assays. A normal combined PT and APTT identified low rivaroxaban levels with high specificity but lacked sensitivity. The dPT assay at several dilutions could not be used to quantify rivaroxaban in clinical samples. The utility of these PT, aPTT and dilute PT assays in a clinical setting is very limited, and results generated must be interpreted with caution.
How should procalcitonin and C‐reactive protein levels be interpreted in haemodialysis patients?
Authors: Demir Nazlim A. , Sumer Sua , Celik Gulperi , Afsar Rengin E. , Demir Lutfi S. , Ural Onur 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundProcalcitonin (PCT) and C‐reactive protein (CRP) are used most widely in the diagnosis/treatment of bacterial infections. These are not infection‐specific and may also show increases in other inflammation‐causing cases.AimTo establish a new cut‐off value for PCT and CRP to eliminate confusion in the diagnosis and treatment of bacterial infections in haemodialysis (HD) patients.MethodsA total of 1110 patients, 802 with undocumented infection and 308 with documented infection, was included in the study.ResultsA total of 802 patients with undocumented infection had a mean CRP value of 12.2 ± 9.6 mg/dL and a mean PCT value of 0.51 ± 0.96 ng/mL and the 308 patients with documented infection had a mean CRP value of 125.9 ± 83.3 mg/dL and a mean PCT value of 13.9 ± 26.9 ng/mL at the time of admittance. In HD patients, the cut‐off values for CRP was determined as 19.15 mg/dL and for PCT as 0.685 ng/mL in the presence of infection. The use of these two parameters in combination (CRP ≥19.15 mg/dL and PCT ≥ 0.685 ng/mL) was found to have 95% positive predictive value (PPV) and 93% negative predictive value (NPV) for the diagnosis of infectious diseases in HD patients. When CRP ≥100 mg/dL and PCT ≥5 ng/mL, this was found to have 100% PPV and 94% NPV for the diagnosis of sepsis in HD patients.ConclusionWe specified PCT and CRP cut‐off values with high PPV and NPV for revealing the presence of bacterial infection and sepsis in HD patients.
Supporting secondary school students' reading comprehension in computer environments: A systematic review
Authors: ter Beek Marlies , Brummer Leonie , Donker Anouk S. , Opdenakker Marie‐Christine J.L. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis systematic literature review analysed the content, focus, provision, and effects of support (scaffolds) in computer environments with regard to secondary school students' reading comprehension outcomes. The relevant search terms yielded many hits (period 2000–2017); however, intervention studies regarding reading comprehension of expository texts in computer environments seemed to be rather scarce. A careful analysis of these studies revealed that most of them provided cognitive support and some provided metacognitive support. Almost all studies focused on learning products, half of them in combination with learning processes. Most studies provided support in the form of statements, often provided during the task. Both cognitive and metacognitive scaffolds in computer environments produced a positive effect on reading comprehension outcomes. However, only one of the studies provided students with motivational scaffolds. Because the details of the design and content of the scaffolds used in all studies often remained unclear, it was difficult to determine the effectiveness of specific characteristics of scaffolds in computer environments. It is suggested that researchers should be more careful and comprehensive in designing and reporting on research in this area. Recommendations for future research and practical implementations of computer environments are presented.
Psoriasis and risk of myocardial infarction before and during an era with biological therapy: a population‐based follow‐up study
Authors: Leisner M.Z. , Lindorff Riis J. , Gniadecki R. , Iversen L. , Olsen M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundAttention towards cardiovascular disease prevention in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis increased with the introduction of biological therapy.ObjectiveTo determine the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) following hospital‐diagnosed psoriasis compared with the general population, in eras before and following the introduction of biological therapy.MethodsWe conducted a cohort study in Denmark utilising nationwide prospectively collected data from population‐based registries. For the early era cohort, we identified subjects with first time hospital‐diagnosed psoriasis between 1995 and 2002, and, for the late era cohort, those diagnosed between 2006 and 2013. Comparison cohorts from the general population were matched (10:1) on sex and birth year. All individuals were followed from date of psoriasis diagnosis (index date for matched controls) until incidence of MI, death, emigration or end of study (1 January 2002 for the early era cohort; 1 January 2013 for the late era cohort). We computed the cumulative MI incidence at 5 years of follow‐up, and used Cox regression to compute HRs of MI comparing psoriasis subjects with general population subjects.ResultsFor the early era, we identified 4302 psoriatic subjects and 43 791 general population subjects; and for the late era, 4577 psoriatic subjects (4% received biologic therapy) and 46 376 general population subjects. The cumulative incidence of MI among psoriatic subjects in the early era was 2.5% and it was 2.2% in the late era. The HRs comparing MI risk in the psoriasis and general population cohorts were 1.40 (95% CI: 1.09–1.80), for the early era, and 1.39 (95% CI: 1.10–1.75) for the late era, adjusting for educational level and use of cardiovascular drugs.ConclusionThe increased risk of MI among patients with hospital‐diagnosed psoriasis, relative to the general population, remained unchanged during the initial years of increased attention towards cardiovascular disease prevention and availability of biologic therapy.
Optimization of ultrasound assisted extraction of protein from sunflower meal and its physicochemical and functional properties
Authors: Dabbour Mokhtar , He Ronghai , Ma Haile , Musa Abubakr 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis research aimed at improving the protein extraction process from sunflower meal using the Box‐Behnken design to get the optimal ultrasonic extraction conditions, based on yield of protein and consumed energy. The optimal extraction points were observed at power density (220 W/L), temperature (45 °C) and extraction time (15 min). Under optimum UAE conditions, the measured yield of protein and energy consumed values were 54.26% and 0.13 kW hr, respectively. The observed values for these responses were found to be comparable to the predicted values created by the mathematical models. Functional and physicochemical characteristics of protein isolate were estimated at the optimal points. The protein content, particle size, bulk density and water and oil holding capacities were 934.92 g/kgd.b, 627.6 nm, 0.372 g/mL, 0.985 gwater/gprotein and 2.06 goil/gprotein, respectively. The highest solubility, emulsifying activity (EA) and emulsion stability (ES) were 74.59, 52.45, and 50.45% respectively and were obtained at pH 9.0.Practical applicationsThis study provides significant information on ultrasound energy consumption, yield of protein, physicochemical characteristics and functional properties of the sunflower meal protein isolate to the food systems. Additionally, sunflower protein isolate yielded by dual‐frequency ultrasound is recommended for use in food formulations including salad dressing and meat products.
Trajectories of Community Mobility Recovery After Hospitalization in Older Adults
Authors: Loyd Christine , Beasley T. Mark , Miltner Rebecca S. , Clark Diane , King Barbara , Brown Cynthia J. 
Published: May 2018

ObjectivesTo identify trajectories of recovery of community mobility in acutely ill older adults using the University of Alabama at Birmingham Life‐Space Assessment (LSA).DesignProspective observation cohort study.SettingCentral Alabama, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center.ParticipantsCommunity‐dwelling adults aged 65 and older hospitalized for nonsurgical medical reasons (N=173).MeasurementsWe determined LSA scores for the month before and monthly for 6 months after hospitalization (composite scores ranging from 0–120, with 120 reflecting completely unrestricted mobility).ResultsIn the month after hospitalization, 92 (53%) participants had a clinically significant decrease in life‐space mobility, while 42 (24%) were unchanged, and 39 (23%) had an increase from the month preceding hospitalization. Of participants with a life‐space decrease, the majority recovered their prehospitalization mobility status during 6 months of follow‐up, whereas 34% did not recover. Participants whose life‐space decreased were hospitalized significantly longer (P=.01) and, on average, had higher prehospital life‐space scores (P=.01) than those who maintained or increased their life‐space.ConclusionA clinically significant loss of community mobility was common after hospitalization, but most participants recovered to prehospitalization mobility within 6 months of discharge. Research examining in‐hospital and posthospitalization interventions to achieve faster recovery of community mobility is needed.
Impact of ultra‐thin struts on restenosis after chronic total occlusion recanalization: Insights from the randomized PRISON IV trial
Authors: Zivelonghi Carlo , Teeuwen Koen , Agostoni Pierfrancesco , van der Schaaf Renè J. , Ribichini Flavio , Adriaenssens Tom , Kelder Johannes C. , Tijssen Jan G. P. , Henriques José P. S. , Suttorp Maarten J. 
Published: May 2018

ObjectivesThe PRISON‐IV trial showed inferior outcome in patients with chronic total occlusions (CTOs) treated with the ultrathin‐struts (60 μm for stent diameter ≤3 mm, 81μm >3 mm) hybrid‐sirolimus eluting stents (SES) compared with everolimus eluting stents (EES, 81 μm). The aim of this study is to investigate if the use of smaller stents (≤3 mm) was responsible for the inferior outcome reported in the trial.MethodsIn the PRISON‐IV trial 330 patients with CTO lesion were randomized 1:1 to receive either hybrid‐SES or EES. The hybrid‐SES failed to reach the non‐inferiority primary endpoint of in‐segment late lumen loss (LLL) at 9‐month angiographic follow‐up. In this sub‐analysis, we divided the population according to the different size of stents implanted in those receiving only stents with diameter ≤3 mm (Group‐A, 178 patients), only stents >3 mm (Group‐B, 59 patients), and those receiving stents of both sizes (Group‐C, 93 patients).ResultsBaseline and procedural characteristics were comparable in the three groups. At angiographic follow‐up, most of the adverse outcomes occurred in Group A, with higher incidence of binary restenosis in the Hybrid‐SES versus EES (10.3% vs 1.3%, P = 0.03) and augmented in‐stent diameter stenosis (26.04 ± 18.59% vs 21.24 ± 12.84, P = 0.06). Similarly, optical coherence tomography (OCT), which was performed in 60 patients at follow‐up, documented a mild trend toward lower values of minimum in stent area in Hybrid‐SES arm of Group A (4.4 ± 1.02mm2 vs 5.0 ± 1.28mm2, respectively, P = 0.16).ConclusionsThe present analysis suggests that the inferior performance of the ultra‐thin hybrid‐SES in CTO‐PCI is particularly pronounced when smaller stent (≤3 mm diameter) are adopted, if compared with EES.
Fearlessly Swimming Upstream to Risky Waters: The Role of Geographic Entry in Innovation
Authors: Lampert Curba Morris , Kim Minyoung , Hubbard Timothy David , Roy Raja , Leckie George 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTWe examine the puzzling geographic pattern that shows firms entering countries with weak intellectual property rights (IPR) protection with their research and development (R&D) activities. Geographic entry into weak IPR protection countries is at odds with conventional wisdom as such an environment erodes a firm's ability to appropriate from its innovations. We offer that while the well‐established practice of spreading out a firm's value chain activities across a region has important implications for value creation, what remains unaddressed is the value appropriation aspect of such activities. We introduce a multilevel theory and maintain that operating regionally through commercialization activities (downstream activities) provides complementary assets to the upstream activities – specifically R&D activities in a country within that region – with which focal firms can appropriate more from their innovations. We find that regional downstream commercialization activities can substitute for weak IPR regimes, thereby providing firms with an alternative mechanism for protecting their intellectual property in weak IPR countries.
Embracing Bewilderment: Responding to Technological Disruption in Heterogeneous Market Environments
Authors: Khanagha Saeed , Ramezan Zadeh Mohammad Taghi , Mihalache Oli R. , Volberda Henk W. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTIn an age of rapid advances in technology, understanding how firms can respond to emergence of disruptive technologies is paramount for survival. While prior research on incumbents’ responses to disruptive technologies assumes demand homogeneity, many firms, including multinational enterprises (MNEs), need to respond to technological disruption in heterogeneous markets. To address this lacuna in our understanding, we study how Ericsson tried to respond to the emergence of Cloud computing, a digital platform technology, across its operations in more than 170 countries. We reveal how incumbents need to match diverging customer demands with a complex innovation process, involving different approaches to experiments and trials, deployment strategy, and ecosystem development. We also find that the success of incumbents’ responses depends on their capability for misalignment, which allows them to manage the inconsistencies in strategic direction, structure, and resource configuration associated with a complex innovation process.