bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Accuracy of Radiology and Endoscopy in the Assessment of Adenoid Hypertrophy
Authors: Dawood Mohammed R , Khammas Ammar H 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTAimTo clarify the diagnostic accuracy of the lateral X-ray of nasopharynx, and the flexible nasopharyngoscopy in the assessment of adenoid hypertrophy, with the preoperative rigid nasal endoscopic observation, as it was considered as a reference standard guide.Materials and methodsThis is a prospective observational study that included 80 children who planned to undergo adenoidectomy due to the symptoms found related to adenoid hypertrophy. All the children underwent a relevant clinical history and full ear, nose, and throat (ENT) examination, and the grading of adenoid hypertrophy was done preoperatively with the lateral X-ray of the nasopharynx and the flexible nasopharyngoscopy. These findings were analyzed and compared with the peroperative rigid nasal endoscopic assessment of adenoid hypertrophy, which was considered as a reference guide.ResultsThere were 44 boys (55%) and 36 girls (45%), with mean age of 5.176 (±1.873) years, and the highest frequency of adenoid hypertrophy was found in the age group of 4 to 6 years (62.45%); the most common grade of the adenoid size in all the types of the assessment was grade 3. The assessment of adenoid grading by both flexible and peroperative rigid nasal endoscopy versus radiology was statistically significant, with p value of 0.0001, while the adenoid grading between flexible and peroperative rigid nasal endoscopic assessment was almost comparable, as no significant difference was found, with p value of 0.46.ConclusionFlexible nasopharyngoscopy was a more reliable diagnostic tool in the assessment of the adenoid size than lateral nasopharyngeal X-ray, as it correlates well with peroperative rigid nasal endoscopic finding.How to cite this articleDawood MR, Khammas AH. Diagnostic Accuracy of Radiology and Endoscopy in the Assessment of Adenoid Hypertrophy. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2017;9(1):6-9.
Relapsing Polychondritis: An Otolaryngologist's Perspective
Authors: Naina P , John Sheeja S , Syed Kamran A 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTRelapsing polychondritis (RP) is an uncommon autoimmune disease with varying clinical presentations. Relapsing polychondritis frequently involves the ear, nose, and throat cartilages, often causing subtle and episodic symptoms that can pose a diagnostic challenge to the otolaryngologist. A high index of suspicion is needed to identify these subtle signs leading to early diagnosis. Here, we report a case of RP presenting with hoarseness of voice; we reviewed the literature and clinical signs discussed from an otolaryngologist's perspective. Greater awareness about its episodic and myriad presentation is needed for early diagnosis and management of this uncommon clinical condition.How to cite this articleSyed KA, Naina P, John SS, Varghese AM. Relapsing Polychondritis: An Otolaryngologist's Perspective. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2017;9(1):17-20.
Open Safety Pin in Larynx: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Hota Ashutosh , Baliarsingh Diptiman 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTA foreign body in the respiratory tract is a serious event, and it needs urgent attention. It is important to know the type of foreign body with careful history taking. Usually, such cases come in pediatric age group due to accidental ingestion or inhalation. We present a case of 12-year-old female who presented with an impacted open safety pin lodged in the larynx. Its sharp end was upward in position and penetrated the subglottis and anterior commissure. A tracheotomy was done for securing airway, and the foreign body was removed with the help of rigid endoscope. The child had an uneventful recovery.How to cite this articleBaliarsingh D, Rath A, Hota A, Panigrahi R. Open Safety Pin in Larynx: A Case Report and Review of Literature. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2017;9(1):21-24.
A Study of Cardiotocography in Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy and Its Correlation with the Neonatal Outcome
Authors: Raghuvanshi Pratibha , Tiwari Rajesh 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTAimTo study the effect of antepartum and intrapartum surveillance with cardiotocography (CTG) on the neonatal morbidity and survival in cases of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in a rural medical college hospital in Jabalpur.Materials and methodsA total of 200 cases of hypertensive disorders > 32 weeks of gestation were subjected to antepartum and intrapartum surveillance with CTG. The neonatal outcome was recorded. This was compared with the records of 200 matched controls who had delivered in the department when CTG was not available. Statistical analysis was done in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software with x2 test in 2 × 2 tables, and p-value < 0.05 was set as the value of a significant result.ResultsCardiotocography led to a significantly higher number of induced labors (p < 0.05) and cesarean sections (p < 0.001). There was a significant reduction in neonatal mortality in the study group (p < 0.001).ConclusionSurveillance with CTG leads to improved neonatal survival, at the same time increasing the cesarean rates in cases of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. Further methods such as fetal scalp blood sampling may have to be applied to reduce the high cesarean rate with CTG.How to cite this articleTiwari P, Sahu B, Raghuvanshi P, Tiwari R. A Study of Cardiotocography in Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy and Its Correlation with the Neonatal Outcome. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(2):149-153.
Hepatitis B in Pregnancy
Authors: Prakash Prashant , Kumari S Shantha , Agarwal Prabhat 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Antiviral therapy with lamivudine, tenofovir, or telbivudine in the 3rd trimester can decrease mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) to < 5% and should be used in women with high viral loads in the 3rd trimester. Postpartum flares of liver disease are common, and therefore, careful monitoring is warranted in women who stop therapy. The decision to breastfeed while on antiviral therapy should be individualized, but current evidence suggests that it is safe.

How to cite this article
Kumari SS, Prakash P, Garg R, Agarwal P. Hepatitis B in Pregnancy. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(3):167-170.
Screening and Analysis of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria during Pregnancy
Authors: Hoodbhoy Zahra , Javed Arshia , Wali Aisha S 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Aim
Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is a common condition in pregnancy. The aim of our study is to estimate the rate of ASB, causative organisms, and antibiotic sensitivity in a secondary care hospital.

Materials and methods
Midstream clean catch urinary sample was collected from 149 women between 12 and 28 weeks of gestation. Those with urinary symptoms, diagnosed for urinary tract infection (UTI), with vaginal bleeding or vaginal discharge, and who had given antibiotics within 7 days preceding sample collection were excluded. Data were collected from medical records, and statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 19.

Results
Asymptomatic bacteriuria was seen in 26% (n = 39) of the women. No association of age, parity, gestational age, body mass index (BMI), and diabetes was found with ASB. The most common pathogen isolated was Escherichia coli (46%) followed by Streptococcus (17.9%) and Staphylococcus aureus (10.3%). Fosfomycin with 94.4% sensitivity and nitrofurantoin with 89% sensitivity were seen as first- and second-line antibiotics for treatment of E. coli. Overall sensitivity of all isolates was 69.20% for fosfomycin, 66.6% for ceftriaxone, and 61% for augmentin. The three most common antibiotics (i.e., penicillin, pipemidic acid, and ampicillin) used in pregnancy showed highest overall resistance for all isolates.

Conclusion
Incidence of ASB was significantly high. The most common bacteria isolated was E. coli.

Clinical significance
Due to large variance in prevalence worldwide, incidences should be studied in local population and antibiotics should be prescribed according to culture and sensitivity to address the issue of multidrug resistance.

How to cite this article
Javed A, Wali AS, Hoodbhoy Z. Screening and Analysis of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria during Pregnancy. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(3):171-174.
Assessment of Fetomaternal Hemorrhage in Rhesus D-negative Postpartum Women by Kleihauer—Betke Test
Authors: Kapadia Shital N , Bansal Komal R , Parmar Kartikeya , Panot Himanshu , Bandi Femida 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Objectives
The aim of this article is to assess fetomaternal hemorrhage (FMH) and determine its volume and also to study the relation of the amount of FMH to various factors.

Materials and methods
This was a prospective study carried out at Ahmedabad Civil Hospital from October 2012 to March 2013. A total of 75 blood samples were collected from RhDnegative mothers during the postnatal period. Sixteen samples were excluded because the fetus blood group was either Rh negative or unknown. The acid elution or Kleihauer—Betke quantitative test was used to measure the amount of FMH. The data were analyzed using Epi Info version 7.

Results
With Kleihauer—Betke/acid elution test (KBT), 45.76% of women had fetal whole blood in their blood circulation during a postnatal period varying from 1.2 to 9.6 mL. The test was negative (i.e., no fetal cells were identified) in 54.24% of women. The majority of women had hemorrhage less than 4 mL. None of them had a large FMH.

Conclusion
Most of the FMH calculated was <10 mL, which could have been neutralized by lower doses of anti-D immunoglobulin, which have incurred lower costs than the 300-μg dosage. Thus, developing optimized testing and accessing dosing protocols is needed in health care facilities. In the present study, we found no significant relation between the amount of FMH and parity or type of delivery.

How to cite this article
Kapadia SN, Bansal KR, Parmar K, Panot H, Bandi F. Assessment of Fetomaternal Hemorrhage in Rhesus D-negative Postpartum Women by Kleihauer—Betke Test. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(3):181-184.
Management of Hematometra in Single Horn of Didelphic Uterus with Obstructed Hemivagina and Ipsilateral Renal Agenesis Syndrome: A Case Report with Brief Review of Literature
Authors: Agarwal Ritu 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
The triad of uterus didelphys with obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis (OHVIRA) syndrome is a rare entity. These cases are difficult to diagnose due to heterogeneous presentation and rarity of the condition. Ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging are important for initial diagnosis; however, laparoscopy is required for the confirmation of the diagnosis. Early and accurate diagnosis of this condition followed by prompt surgical therapy is essential to prevent complications and to preserve future fertility. Here we report a case of uterus didelphys with hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis with hematometra and hematosalpinx in a young girl.

How to cite this article
Mishra VV, Agarwal R, Bandwal P, Choudhary S, Gandhi K. Management of Hematometra in Single Horn of Didelphic Uterus with Obstructed Hemivagina and Ipsilateral Renal Agenesis Syndrome: A Case Report with Brief Review of Literature. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(3):231-235.
Unusual Complication of Intrauterine Contraceptive Device
Authors: Agarwal Namita , Agarwal Brijesh K 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Intrauterine foreign bodies have been used in animals as a contraceptive since times immemorial. The use of pebbles in camels as a contraceptive has been reported in Arabs.
Intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCDs) have been used since 1962 when the first International Conference of Population Council, New York reported encouraging data on Margulies coil and Lippes loop as IUCDs. According to the World Health Organization, IUCDs are the second most widely used reversible contraceptive method after voluntary female sterilization.
Intrauterine contraceptive devices have undergone extensive evolution from Grafenberg ring to Ota ring, Margulies coil, Lippes loop, Birnberg bows, Saf T-coil followed by Cu T 200, Cu 7, Multiload Cu 250/375, Cu T 380 Ag, Cu T 380 S [slimline]. Hormonereleasing IUCDs were developed in 1973. Ombrelle 250/380 and FlexiGard are the latest in this series.
The common complications encountered with IUCD insertion are pelvic infections, infertility, the risk of both intrauterine and extrauterine pregnancy, pain, altered bleeding pattern, expulsion of the device, and its migration. Migration of IUCD into the bladder has been rarely reported in the literature. The authors report an unusual case of a secondary vesical calculus formed around a migrated IUCD.

How to cite this article
Agarwal N, Agarwal BK. Unusual Complication of Intrauterine Contraceptive Device. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(3):243-245.
Obstetric Outcome in a Patient with Aplastic Anemia
Authors: Nanda Anuja , Gupta Vineeta , Maheshwari Prachi , Tandon Archna 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTAplastic anemia is a rare disease caused by destruction of pluripotent stem cells in bone marrow. The etiology may be radiation exposure, chemotherapy, environmental toxins or it could be autoimmune. During pregnancy it can be life threatening for both mother and child. Treatment options are erythrocytes and platelet transfusions and immune suppressive therapy. We report a series of obstetric events in the life of a woman whose pregnancy was complicated due to aplastic anemia but her subsequent obstetric outcome improved after successful bone marrow transplantation.How to cite this articleGupta V, Maheshwari P, Tandon A, Nanda A. Obstetric Outcome in a Patient with Aplastic Anemia. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2017;9(2):121-122.
Postpartum Ultrasound
Authors: Mulic-Lutvica Ajlana 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTThis article describes uterine and uterine cavity changes throughout the normal and pathological puerperium, as revealed by various ultrasound modalities. A gray scale ultrasound, color and pulsed Doppler ultrasound and 3D ultrasound were used. It is based on results of several prospective longitudinal studies, which were designed so that every woman was examined at six occasions during the puerperium, namely on postpartum days 1, 3, 7, 14, 28 and 56. The first four examinations were performed transabdominally and the last two transvaginally. The same design was used in all studies. The involution process of the uterus was assessed by measuring the anteroposterior diameter of the uterus and uterine cavity. Morphological findings were recorded. The influence on the involution process of parity, breastfeeding, maternal smoking and infant's birth weight were also evaluated. Besides conventional ultrasound, Doppler technology was used to study hemodynamic events occurring during the normal puerperium. The pulsatility (PI) and resistance (RI) indices in the uterine arteries were measured, and the presence or absence of early diastolic notches was recorded. A hypervascular area in myometrium was assessed by color and power Doppler. Normal involution process was also described by means of 3D ultrasound. The volume of the uterus and uterine cavity after normal vaginal delivery were measured using virtual organ computer-aided analysis (VOCAL) using six adjacent planes and a 30° rotation method. Reference values from uncomplicated puerperium were used when pathological conditions were studied.Results from these studies, which shed light on normal and pathological changes during the puerperium, are summarized in this chapter.How to cite this articleMulic-Lutvica A. Postpartum Ultrasound. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2012; 6(1):76-92.
Three-dimensional Ultrasound in Detection of Fetal Anomalies
Authors: Pooh Ritsuko K 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTIn the history of 3D/4D ultrasound technology, the great achievement was high definition (HD) live technology. This technology is a novel ultrasound technique that improves the 3D/4D images. HDlive ultrasound has resulted in remarkable progress in visualization of early embryos and fetuses and in the development of sonoembryology. HDlive uses an adjustable light source and software that calculates the propagation of light through surface structures in relation to the light direction. The virtual light source produces selective illumination, and the respective shadows are created by the structures where the light is reflected. This combination of light and shadows increases depth perception and produces remarkable images that are more natural than those obtained with classic three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound. The virtual light can be placed in the front, back, or lateral sides, where viewing is desired until the best image is achieved. A great advantage is that the soft can be applied to all images stored in the machine's memory. With HDlive ultrasound, both structural and functional developments can be assessed from early pregnancy more objectively and reliably and, indeed, the new technology has moved embryology from postmortem studies to the in vivo environment. Practically, in obstetrical ultrasound, HDlive could be used during all three trimesters of pregnancy.How to cite this articlePooh RK, Kurjak A. Three-dimensional Ultrasound in Detection of Fetal Anomalies. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016;10(3):214-234.
Central Nervous System Malformations
Authors: D'Addario Vincenzo , Pasquale Capuano 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTUltrasound (US) is a useful tool to evaluate the normal morphology, the developmental changes, and the malformations of the fetal central nervous system (CNS). The development of the fetal CNS is a complex and continuous process progressing till the end of pregnancy and even after delivery. Although, a limited number of CNS anomalies may be suspected in the 1st trimester, the 2nd trimester is the best period of pregnancy to screen for CNS anomalies, but some malformations may be recognized only in the 3rd trimester or become evident only in the postnatal period. Screening for CNS anomalies relies on the use of the basic examination, which requires two simple axial planes on the fetal head (transventricular and transcerebellar). For a more detailed evaluation of brain malformations, an expanded fetal neurosonogram is needed, based on the use of multiple sagittal and coronal planes. The correct diagnosis of a CNS anomaly must be followed by an accurate counseling since the prognosis is varying widely.How to cite this articleVincenzo D, Pasquale C. Central Nervous System Malformations. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016;10(3):235-255.
Intrauterine Surgery for Spinal Defects: What is the Role of Ultrasound?
Authors: AM de Sá Renato , Peixoto-Filho Fernando , Cima Luciana 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Ultrasound imaging has led to the diagnosis of fetal anomalies that can affect many organ systems. Since the development of high-resolution real-time ultrasound, the possibility of surgical intervention before birth to correct or treat prenatally diagnosed abnormalities has been realized. Fetal surgery has become a new standard of care for the perinatal treatment of myelomeningocele for mothers and fetuses that meet the specific criteria. In this review, we will consider the role of ultrasound for open fetal surgery or minimally invasive fetal surgery approaches.

How to cite this article
Moreira de Sá RA, Peixoto-Filho F, Cima L. Intrauterine Surgery for Spinal Defects: What is the Role of Ultrasound? Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016;10(3):297-300.
Fetal Anomalies in Twin Pregnancies
Authors: Wataganara Tuangsit 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Twinning increases the chances of structural anomaly in the fetus. Discordance in physical development of the fetuses raises both ethical and management dilemma. Chorionicity plays an important role when selective feticide is an option. Anomalies found in singleton pregnancy can also be found in twins. Certain anomalies, such as acardiac fetus, are unique to monochorionic (MC) twin gestations. These anomalies may require in utero intervention to salvage its normal co-twin. Structural abnormalities, such as obstruction in fetal gastrointestinal tract resulting in polyhydramnios, can threaten the loss of the whole pregnancy. In MC twins, demise of the anomalous fetus can result in either demise or cerebral palsy of its co-twin. Fetal cord occlusion of the anomalous fetus can be offered to prevent these deleterious effects to its normal co-twin. Discordance of karyotypes in dichorionic (DC) twins is increasingly diagnosed in prenatal period. Selective feticide in this situation is simpler, but more ethical concerns are being raised. The technical and ethical considerations related to various kinds of discordance fetal malformations in the twin pair will be discussed in this review article.

How to cite this article
Wataganara T, Nawapun K, Phithakwatchara N. Fetal Anomalies in Twin Pregnancies. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016;10(3):308-312.
Fetal Facial Abnormalities: From 2D Sonography to HDlive and HDlive Silhouette Mode
Authors: Sajapala Suraphan 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTFetal face examination is essential to complete a full anatomical scan. Two-dimensional (2D) sonography is the basic standardized tool used. The anatomical nature of the fetal face should be accurately judged along with the exclusion of all possible anomalies, but this is sometimes difficult to achieve with 2D sonography alone. Three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound provides detailed data on the fetal face. Many studies showed its superiority for detecting anomalies that were missed by 2D sonography. HDlive provides life-like images of the fetal face, and the HDlive silhouette mode provides hologram-like images of structures of interest. In this article, the development of ultrasound from 2D to conventional 3D and new rendering modes, such as HDlive and the HDlive silhouette mode will be presented, highlighting studies comparing the benefits and advantages of each of these new techniques over conventional 2D sonography for detecting fetal facial anomalies.How to cite this articleSajapala S, AboEllail MAM, Kanenishi K, Hata T. Fetal Facial Abnormalities: From 2D Sonography to HDlive and HDlive Silhouette Mode. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016;10(3):313-320.
Effect of Different Base Materials and Techniques on Microleakage in Class II Composite Open Sandwich Restorations: An in vitro Study
Authors: Bhanwal Urvashi , Jagdish Karthik , Pai Veena , LNU Yashwanth 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Aims
This study was performed to compare microleakage in class II composite restorations with flowable composites and dual cure composite resin as intermediate material and also to evaluate the effect of delayed light polymerization of dual cure composite base on microleakage.

Materials and methods
Class II box cavities were made with air water spray and divided into four groups. Group 1 was restored without base, group II with flowable composite base, group III with a dual cure composite base which was immediately cured and group IV with 60 seconds delayed cure, dual cure composite base. Remaining cavity was restored with composite resin Specimens were immersed in methylene blue dye after thermocycling and sectioned through mesiodistal center of tooth and observed for leakage pattern. Microleakage was evaluated using dye penetration with methylene blue. Microleakage pattern was observed under a stereomicroscope.
Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney test were used for statistical analysis.

Results
Results of the study showed that application of a composite resin base below a class II composite restoration significantly decreased microleakage as compared to restorations without a base. The least and comparable microleakage scores were seen in groups with flowable composite and dual cure composite (delayed cure) as a base, followed by dual cure composite which was immediately cured.

How to cite this article
Bhanwal U, Nadig RR, Jagdish K, Pai V, Yashwanth. Effect of Different Base Materials and Techniques on Microleakage in Class II Composite Open Sandwich Restorations: An in vitro Study. World J Dent 2014;5(2):87-91.