bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon control on terrestrial ecosystem function across contrasting site productivities: the carbon connection revisited
Authors: Dove Nicholas C. , Stark John M. , Newman Gregory S. , Hart Stephen C. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractUnderstanding how altered soil organic carbon (SOC) availability affects microbial communities and their function is imperative in predicting impacts of global change on soil carbon (C) storage and ecosystem function. However, the response of soil microbial communities and their function to depleted C availability in situ is unclear. We evaluated the role of soil C inputs in controlling microbial biomass, community composition, physiology, and function by (1) experimentally excluding plant C inputs in situ for 9 yr in four temperate forest ecosystems along a productivity gradient in Oregon, USA; and (2) integrating these findings with published data from similar C‐exclusion studies into a global meta‐analysis. Excluding plant C inputs for 9 yr resulted in a 13% decrease in SOC across the four Oregon sites and an overall shift in the microbial community composition, with a 45% decrease in the fungal : bacterial ratio and a 13% increase in Gram‐positive : Gram‐negative bacterial ratio. Although gross N mineralization decreased under C exclusion, decreases in gross N immobilization were greater, resulting in increased net N mineralization rates in all but the lowest‐productivity site. Microbial biomass showed a variable response to C exclusion that was method dependent; however, we detected a 29% decrease in C‐use efficiency across the sites, with greater declines occurring in less‐productive sites. Although extracellular enzyme activity increased with C exclusion, C exclusion resulted in a 31% decrease in microbial respiration across all sites. Our meta‐analyses of published data with similar C‐exclusion treatments were largely consistent with our experimental results, showing decreased SOC, fungal : bacterial ratios, and microbial respiration, and increased Gram‐positive : Gram‐negative bacterial ratio following exclusion of C inputs to soil. Effect sizes of SOC and respiration correlated negatively with the duration of C exclusion; however, there were immediate effects of C exclusion on microbial community composition and biomass that were unaltered by duration of treatment. Our field‐based experimental results and analyses demonstrate unequivocally the dominant control of C availability on soil microbial biomass, community composition, and function, and provide additional insight into the mechanisms for these effects in forest ecosystems.
Production of bioalcohols and antioxidant compounds by acid hydrolysis of lignocellulosic wastes and fermentation of hydrolysates with Hansenula polymorpha
Authors: Martínez‐Cartas Mª Lourdes , Olivares Mª Inmaculada , Sánchez Sebastián 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe effect of the H2SO4 concentration in the hydrolysis of sunflower‐stalk waste, at 95ºC and using a liquid/solid relation of 20, was studied. In a later stage, the hydrolysates were fermented at different temperatures with the aim of ethanol and xylitol production. A total conversion of the hemicellulose at the acid concentration of 0.5 mol/L was achieved; whereas an acid concentration of 2.5 mol/L was needed to reach the maximum value in the conversion of the cellulose fraction. The analysis of the hydrolysis kinetics has enabled to determine the apparent reaction order, which was 1.3. The hydrolysates from hydrolysis process with H2SO4 0.5 mol/L, once detoxified, were fermented at pH 5.5, temperatures 30, 40, and 50ºC with the yeast Hansenula polymorpha (ATCC 34438), resulting in a sequential uptake of sugars. In relation to ethanol and xylitol yields, the best results were observed at 50°C ( = 0.11 g/g; = 0.12 g/g). Instantaneous xylitol yields were higher than in ethanol, at the three temperatures essayed. Different phenolic compounds were analyzed in the hydrolysates; hydroxytyrosol was the most abundant (3.79 mg/L). The recovery of these compounds entails the elimination of inhibitors in the fermentation process and the production of high value‐added antioxidant products.
Enhanced time‐slotted channel hopping
Authors: Hammoudi Sarra , Aliouat Zibouda , Harous Saad 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWith the development of technology for the Internet of Things (IoT), a large number of mobile, intelligent sensors are being connected to the Internet. The IoT is a heterogeneous environment. In industrial environments, wireless technologies coexist on the same frequency and generate different kinds of traffic. The use of different wireless technologies that are not designed to be compatible with each other causes an external interference problem, which degrades the system performance. The medium access control (MAC) sublayer protocols must be carefully designed to overcome such a problem. The time‐slotted channel‐hopping (TSCH) mode, which is dedicated for industrial applications, can mitigate such a problem because it uses the channel‐hopping technique. Because these channels are subjected to different levels of interference, this may greatly degrade the system performance when wireless sensors with mobility devices hop blindly from one channel to another. This paper improves the reliability of communications of the TSCH MAC sublayer protocol, proposed by the IEEE 802.15.4e standard, in wireless sensor networks, by applying a new, dynamic blacklisting technique. The technique selects and uses only high‐quality channels and blacklists those with low quality. The proposed solution has been simulated using Network Simulator 3. The results show significant improvements in terms of throughput, energy, and reliability.
Solute dynamics across the stream‐to‐riparian continuum under different flood waves
Authors: Liu Dongsheng , Zhao Jian , Jeon Woo‐Hyun , Lee Jin‐Yong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTo enhance the understanding of solute dynamics within the stream‐to‐riparian continuum during flood event‐driven water fluctuation (i.e., flood wave), a variable saturated groundwater flow and solute transport model were developed and calibrated against in situ measurements of the Inbuk stream, Korea, where seasonal flooding prevails. The solute dynamics were further investigated for flood waves (varying by amplitude [A], duration [T], roundness [r], and skewness [tp]) that were parameterised by real‐time stream stage fluctuations. We found that the solute transferred faster and farther in the riparian zone, especially within the phreatic zone, above which in the variable saturated zone the concentration required a significantly longer time, particularly at higher altitudes, to return to the initial state. By comparison, solute transferred shallowly in the streambed where the solute plume exhibited an exponential growth trend from the centre to the bank. The dynamic changes of solute flux and mass along the stream–aquifer interface and stream concentration were linked to the shape of flood wave. As the flood wave became higher (A↗), wider (T↗), rounder (r↘), and less skewed (tp↗), the maximum solute storage in aquifer increased. Maximum stream concentration (Cstrˍmax) not only presented a positive linear relationship with A or tp but also showed a negative logarithmic trend with increasing T or r. The sensitivity of Cstr_max to A was approximately two times that of tp, and between these values, the r was slightly more sensitive than T. Cstrˍmax linearly increased as hydraulic conductivity increased and logarithmically increased as longitudinal dispersivity increased. The former relationship was more sensitive than the latter.
Exploring the effect of inhibitor AKB‐9778 on VE‐PTP by molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Liu Wen‐Shan , Wang Rui‐Rui , Sun Ying‐Zhan , Li Wei‐Ya , Li Hong‐Lian , Liu Chi‐Lu , Ma Ying , Wang Run‐Ling 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDiabetic macular edema, also known as diabetic eye disease, is mainly caused by the overexpression of vascular endothelial protein tyrosine phosphatase (VE‐PTP) at hypoxia/ischemic. AKB‐9778 is a known VE‐PTP inhibitor that can effectively interact with the active site of VE‐PTP to inhibit the activity of VE‐PTP. However, the binding pattern of VE‐PTP with AKB‐9778 and the dynamic implications of AKB‐9778 on VE‐PTP system at the molecular level are poorly understood. Through molecular docking, it was found that the AKB‐9778 was docked well in the binding pocket of VE‐PTP by the interactions of hydrogen bond and Van der Waals. Furthermore, after molecular dynamic simulations on VE‐PTP system and VE‐PTP
AKB‐9778 system, a series of postdynamic analyses found that the flexibility and conformation of the active site undergone an obvious transition after VE‐PTP binding with AKB‐9778. Moreover, by constructing the RIN, it was found that the different interactions in the active site were the detailed reasons for the conformational differences between these two systems. Thus, the finding here might provide a deeper understanding of AKB‐9778 as VE‐PTP Inhibitor.
Histone deacetylases inhibitor MS‐275 suppresses human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell growth and progression via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway
Authors: Ma Shanshan , Liu Tengfei , Xu Ling , Wang Yaping , Zhou Jiankang , Huang Tuanjie , Li Peng , Liu Hongtao , Zhang Yanting , Zhou Xinkui , Cui Yuanbo , Zang Xingxing , Wang Yuming , Guan Fangxia 
Published: May 2019

AbstractEsophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a malignant tumor with low survival rate, so new therapies are urgently needed. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play a critical role in tumorigenesis, and HDACs inhibition is a potential therapeutic target in ESSC. In our study, we evaluated the effect and molecular mechanism of MS‐275 (an inhibitor of HDACs) on ESCC cells. We found that HDAC1 and HDAC2 were overexpressed in ESCC tissues and related with clinical pathological features of patients with ESCC. MS‐275 markedly reduced HDAC1 and HDAC2 expression, whereas increased the level of AcH3 and AcH2B. MS‐275 suppressed proliferation and clonogenicity of ESCC cells in a concentration‐dependent manner. In addition, MS‐275 induced apoptosis, arrested cell cycle, and inhibited migration, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and sphere‐forming ability of ESCC cells in vitro. Moreover, p‐Akt1 and p‐mTOR were downregulated by MS‐275. Finally, MS‐275 significantly inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Taken together, HDAC1 and HDAC2 are associated with the progression of ESCC, and MS‐275 hinders the progression and stemness of ESCC cells by suppressing the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Our findings show that MS‐275 inhibits ESCC cells growth in vitro and in vivo, which is a potential drug for the ESCC therapy.
When the balance is broken: X-linked gene dosage from two X chromosomes and female-biased autoimmunity
Authors: Syrett Camille M , Anguera Montserrat C 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWomen and men exhibit differences in innate and adaptive immunity, and women are more susceptible to numerous autoimmune disorders. Two or more X chromosomes increases the risk for some autoimmune diseases, and increased expression of some X-linked immune genes is frequently observed in female lymphocytes from autoimmune patients. Evidence from mouse models of autoimmunity also supports the idea that increased expression of X-linked genes is a feature of female-biased autoimmunity. Recent studies have begun to elucidate the correlation between abnormal X-chromosome inactivation (XCI), an essential mechanism female somatic cells use to equalize X-linked gene dosage between the sexes, and autoimmunity in lymphocytes. In this review, we highlight research describing overexpression of X-linked immunity-related genes and female-biased autoimmunity in both humans and mouse models, and make connections with our recent work elucidating lymphocyte-specific mechanisms of XCI maintenance that become altered in lupus patients.
Distortion‐free imaging: A double encoding method (DIADEM) combined with multiband imaging for rapid distortion‐free high‐resolution diffusion imaging on a compact 3T with high‐performance gradients
Authors: In Myung‐Ho , Tan Ek Tsoon , Trzasko Joshua D. , Shu Yunhong , Kang Daehun , Yarach Uten , Tao Shengzhen , Gray Erin M. , Huston John , Bernstein Matt A. 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundDistortion‐free, high‐resolution diffusion imaging using DIADEM (Distortion‐free Imaging: A Double Encoding Method), proposed recently, has great potential for clinical applications. However, it can suffer from prolonged scan times and its reliability for quantitative diffusion imaging has not been evaluated.PurposeTo investigate the clinical feasibility of DIADEM‐based high‐resolution diffusion imaging on a novel compact 3T (C3T) by evaluating the reliability of quantitative diffusion measurements and utilizing both the high‐performance gradients (80 mT/m, 700 T/m/s) and the sequence optimization with the navigator acquisition window reduction and simultaneous multislice (multiband) imaging.Study TypeProspective feasibility study.Phantom/SubjectsDiffusion quality control phantom scans to evaluate the reliability of quantitative diffusion measurements; 36 normal control scans for B0‐field mapping; six healthy and two patient subject scans with a brain tumor for comparisons of diffusion and anatomical imaging.Field Strength/Sequence3T; the standard single‐shot echo‐planar‐imaging (EPI), multishot DIADEM diffusion, and anatomical (2D‐FSE [fast‐spin‐echo], 2D‐FLAIR [fluid‐attenuated‐inversion‐recovery], and 3D‐MPRAGE [magnetization prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo]) imaging.AssessmentThe scan time reduction, the reliability of quantitative diffusion measurements, and the clinical efficacy for high‐resolution diffusion imaging in healthy control and brain tumor volunteers.Statistical TestBland–Altman analysis.ResultsThe scan time for high in‐plane (0.86 mm2) resolution, distortion‐free, and whole brain diffusion imaging were reduced from 10 to 5 minutes with the sequence optimizations. All of the mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in phantom were within the 95% confidence interval in the Bland–Altman plot. The proposed acquisition with a total off‐resonance coverage of 597.2 Hz wider than the expected bandwidth of 500 Hz in human brain could yield a distortion‐free image without foldover artifacts. Compared with EPI, therefore, this approach allowed direct image matching with the anatomical images and enabled improved delineation of the tumor boundaries.Data ConclusionThe proposed high‐resolution diffusion imaging approach is clinically feasible on C3T due to a combination of hardware and sequence improvements.Level of Evidence3Technical EfficacyStage 1 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:296–310.
Cartilage Damage Is Related to ACL Stiffness in a Porcine Model of ACL Repair
Authors: Beveridge Jillian E. , Proffen Benedikt L. , Karamchedu Naga Padmini , Chin Kaitlyn E. , Sieker Jakob T. , Badger Gary J. , Kiapour Ata M. , Murray Martha M. , Fleming Braden C. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTInferior anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) structural properties may inadequately restrain tibiofemoral joint motion following surgery, contributing to the increased risk of post‐traumatic osteoarthritis. Using both a direct measure of ACL linear stiffness and an in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T2*‐based prediction model, we hypothesized that cartilage damage and ACL stiffness would increase over time, and that an inverse relationship between cartilage damage and ACL stiffness would emerge at a later stage of healing. After either 6, 12, or 24 weeks (w) of healing after ACL repair, ACL linear stiffness was determined from the force–displacement relationship during tensile testing ex vivo and predicted in vivo from the MRI T2*‐based multiple linear regression model in 24 Yucatan minipigs. Tibiofemoral cartilage was graded postmortem. There was no relationship between cartilage damage and ACL stiffness at 6 w (R2 = 0.04;p = 0.65), 12 w (R2 = 0.02;p = 0.77), or when the data from all animals were pooled (R2 = 0.02;p = 0.47). A significant inverse relationship between cartilage damage and ACL stiffness based on both ex vivo measurement (R2 = 0.90;p < 0.001) and in vivo MRI prediction (R2 = 0.78;p = 0.004) of ACL stiffness emerged at 24 w. This result suggests that 90% of the variability in gross cartilage changes is associated with the repaired ACL linear stiffness at 6 months of healing. Clinical Significance: Techniques that provide a higher stiffness to the repaired ACL may be required to mitigate the post‐traumatic osteoarthritis commonly seen after ACL injury, and MRI T2* can be used as a noninvasive estimation of ligament stiffness. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:2249–2257, 2019
Performance of nitrification inhibitors with different nitrogen fertilizers and soil textures
Authors: Barth Gabriel , von Tucher Sabine , Schmidhalter Urs , Otto Rafael , Motavalli Peter , Ferraz-Almeida Risely , Meinl Schmiedt Sattolo Thales , Cantarella Heitor , Vitti Godofredo Cesar 
Published: May 2019

AbstractNitrification inhibitors (NIs), DCD (dicyandiamide), and DMPP (3,4‐dimethylpyrazole phosphate), in combination with urea (UR) and ammonium sulfate nitrate (ASN) fertilizers were studied under contrasting soil textures (sand, loam, and clay) from cultivated soils collected in Brazil and Germany. Soil samples were incubated over 50 days and the content of ammonium (
), nitrate (
), and soil pH were measured periodically. Applied NIs delayed the nitrification process across all soil textures. Correlation analysis indicated that combining ASN with NIs resulted in higher
content and efficiency in delaying the nitrification process with high N‐conversion rate (r = –0.82). The combination of ASN+ DMPP increased the efficiency of the N‐conversion rate (r = –0.86) due to H+ release in soil, while UR+DCD (r = –0.50) had an efficiency of the N‐conversion rate similar to UR (r = –0.42). All the NIs had a better performance in reducing
formation in sandy soils as compared to the loam and clay textured soils. Use of DMPP with an N fertilizer results in a soil pH decrease and can be an option to increase the efficiency of the N‐conversion rate, reducing N losses in soil. Overall, our results suggest that NIs have a better performance in reducing
formation in sandy soils as compared to that of the loam and clay textured soils. Use of DMPP with ASN results in a soil pH decrease and can be an option to reduce N losses in soil.
An effective antioxidant defense provides protection against zinc deficiency‐induced oxidative stress in Zn‐efficient maize plants
Authors: Tewari Rajesh K. , Kumar Praveen , Sharma Parma Nand 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMaize plants (Zea mays L. cv. Ganga 2 and cv. Jaunpuri satha) were grown in solution culture under glasshouse conditions at deficient (0 µM) and normal (1 µM) levels of Zn supply. Appearance of visible effects characteristic of Zn deficiency, depression in plant growth, and dry matter yield of the plants indicated that Ganga 2 was more susceptible to Zn deficiency than Jaunpuri satha. Higher susceptibility of Ganga 2 to Zn deficiency was also manifested by a greater decrease in plant dry mass and an increased accumulation of TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, describing lipid peroxidation). While total SOD activity was decreased in Zn deficient plants of Ganga 2, it was increased marginally in case of Jaunpuri satha. The marginal increase in total SOD activity in the Zn‐deficient Jaunpuri satha plants was a result of a marked increase in non‐CuZn SOD and only a slight decrease in CuZn SOD. Though Zn deficiency increased H2O2 concentration and the activities of H2O2‐scavenging enzymes in both the cultivars, there was less increase in H2O2 concentration and the activities of peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase were more prominently increased in the Zn‐efficient Jaunpuri satha. Plants of the susceptible variety, Ganga 2, accumulated higher concentrations of glutathione disulfide. It is concluded that the significant decreases in the activities of CuZn SOD (CN‐sensitive SOD) and glutathione reductase, and high concentrations of H2O2 predisposed Zn‐deficient Ganga 2 plants to more severe oxidative stress than those of Jaunpuri satha and, therefore, contributed to a greater decrease in dry matter production.
Raman band widths of anhydrite II reveal the burning history of high‐fired medieval gypsum mortars
Authors: Schmid Thomas , Jungnickel Robert , Dariz Petra 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWhen used as a mineral binder, gypsum is thermally dehydrated and mixed with water, resulting in a paste hardening in the backreaction to calcium sulphate dihydrate (CaSO4 · 2 H2O). Although nowadays mainly hemihydrate‐based (CaSO4 · ½ H2O) binders are employed, higher firing temperatures in medieval kilns yielded anhydrite II (CaSO4). Except for the discrimination of the metastable phases anhydrite III and I due to different crystal structures, variations within the production temperature range of anhydrite II (approximately 300 to 1180°C) were not analytically accessible until recently. This study describes the development of an analytical technique, which is based on steady changes of band widths in room‐temperature Raman spectra of anhydrite II as a function of burning temperature. Raman microspectroscopic mapping experiments enable to pinpoint individual unreacted grains of thermal anhydrite in mortars and to discriminate them from natural anhydrites originating from the raw gypsum. The determination of band full widths at half maximum of down to 3 cm−1 and differences between them of a few tenths of wavenumbers is not a trivial task. Thus, a focus of this work is on peak fitting and strategies for correction of instrument‐dependent band broadening, which is often neglected also beyond the field of mortar analysis. Including other potential influences on band widths, burning temperatures of 400 to 900°C can be retraced in high‐fired medieval gypsum mortars with an uncertainty of approximately ± 50 K, as demonstrated with sample material of a stucco sculpture dated around 1400.
Production of coffee (Coffea arabica) inoculated with yeasts: impact on quality
Authors: Martins Pâmela Mynsen Machado , Ribeiro Luciana Silva , Miguel Maria Gabriela da Cruz Pedrozo , Evangelista Suzana Reis , Schwan Rosane Freitas 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae CCMA 0200 and Torulaspora delbrueckii CCMA 0684 in Mundo Novo and Catuaí varieties processed by the wet method and the impact on sensory quality and compounds profile. The microbiota was evaluated by surface plating, and the compounds were evaluated by high‐performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Sensorial analysis was performed using the cupping test (Specialty Coffee Association).RESULTST. delbrueckii CCMA 0684 was better adapted to the process and remained for up to 72 h of drying. Eighteen volatile compounds were detected in green coffee and 75 in roasted coffee. 2‐Furanmethanol propanoate and 2‐ethyl‐3,5‐dimethylpyrazine were identified only in the inoculated treatments, and these are important contributors to the coffee aroma. All treatments received scores greater than 80 in the sensory analysis.CONCLUSIONT. delbrueckii CCMA 0684 presented better results in relation to the sensorial analysis and is preferable for the varieties and processing method studied. The use of starter cultures is a viable method with which to obtain high‐quality coffees with a distinct flavor and thus add to value to the product. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry