bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non‐Isothermal Solid Phase Diffusion in Activated Powder Mixtures. Thermal Regimes and Critical Conditions
Authors: Filimonov Valeriy Y. , Koshelev Konstantin B. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn the present paper, the analysis of thermal modes of solid phase synthesis in the volume of mechanically activated powder mixtures was conducted. As a basic model, the Carter‐Valensi model of solid phase interaction in powder systems was used. This model was considered from point of view of non‐isothermal kinetics for the first time. Using the maximum temperature method, the critical ignition conditions of the mixture and the conditions of thermal explosion degeneration were determined. The corresponding diagrams of critical parameters were obtained and the parametric regions of thermal explosion existence were defined. The results presented allows solving the technologically important problem of demarcation of fast (thermal explosion) and slow (isothermal sintering) synthesis modes. Thus, it becomes possible to control the chemical activity of a heterogeneous reaction purposefully.
Distributed event‐triggered containment control for dynamical multiagent networks
Authors: Rong Lina , Hua Yuteng , Jiang Guo‐Ping , Xu Shengyuan 
Published: February 2019

SummaryThis paper studies the event‐triggered containment control problem for dynamical multiagent networks of general MIMO linear agents. An event‐triggered containment control strategy is provided, which consists of a control law based on a relative‐state feedback and a distributed triggering rule based on both the relative‐state information and a time‐dependent threshold function. Compared to the previous related works, our main contribution is that the triggering rule depends only on local information of communication networks. It is proved that under the proposed event‐based controller, the containment errors are uniformly ultimately bounded and the Zeno behavior can be excluded. Moreover, when the derivation constant in the threshold function is equal to zero, the containment control problem can be solved. Then, the results are extended to the event‐triggered observer‐based containment controller design.
Distributed hierarchical control for multiple vertical takeoff and landing UAVs with a distance‐based network topology
Authors: Zou Yao , Meng Ziyang 
Published: February 2019

SummaryA distributed formation control algorithm is proposed for multiple vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in this paper. The neighboring information is obtained by active measurements rather than by nonactive communications as done in the current literatures. By properly expanding the distance‐based network topology structure between each pair of UAVs, a distributed algorithm is proposed such that the switching topology remains connected along the time. Since a VTOL UAV system is typically underactuated, a hierarchical idea is introduced to derive the control design procedure. More specifically, the studied formation control problem of multiple VTOL UAVs is first transformed into the consensus problem of their corresponding error systems. Then, a command force and an applied torque are synthesized for each VTOL UAV such that the error systems reach a consensus. It is demonstrated in terms of Lyapunov theory that the proposed distributed hierarchical control algorithm guarantees the formation realization of multiple VTOL UAVs while maintaining the network connectivity. Finally, simulations are performed to validate the theoretical results.
Conceptual and Methodological Considerations in Researching “Roma Migration”
Authors: Messing Vera 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis chapter provides a critical overview of research trends on “Roma migration” as they developed over the last decade, contextualizing the issue and setting the stage for the following chapters. Due to the alleged increase in the number of Roma individuals exercising their mobility rights from Eastern European countries to Western Europe –mainly after the 2004 and 2007 EU accession – researchers’ interest has shifted towards this new topic. Many scholars have started focusing in the past decade on the causes and consequences of Roma’s migration patterns, their life in the new countries, and the legal, citizenship and policy questions posed by the appearance of non-Western Roma in Western Europe. Although Romani studies have long been in the constructivist paradigm, “Roma migration” has spurred new tendencies to essentialise Roma groups, at least in political and public debates. This chapter reflects on the conceptual and methodological aspects of researching “Roma migration”. This main question will be addressed through the following sub-questions: What kind of analytical and conceptual tools do researchers employ in order to understand the current migration trends of Roma citizens? What approaches do we adopt, and how do we use ‘old’ concepts, such as “Roma” or “migrant”? In this chapter I also raise the issue of research ethics and of the responsibility of researchers during the processes of knowledge-production on “Roma migration”.
Don't feed the phish: how to avoid phishing attacks
Authors: Vincent Adam 
Published: February 2019

We've all heard the phishing attack stories that start with someone receiving an email that requests an urgent invoice review or password change and ends with a data breach in which personal information is compromised and money is lost. Although many of us may roll our eyes at the prospect of falling for such an obvious scam, we must acknowledge that if those tricks didn't work, malicious actors wouldn't keep trying. Although many of us may roll our eyes at crude phishing attacks, we must acknowledge that if those tricks didn't work, malicious actors wouldn't keep trying. While many individuals have wised up to the cruder attempts on their bank details via email, education is clearly still needed for the silent majority that are still clicking through. People continue to respond to the humble phish and would-be hackers are still profiting from it. Adam Vincent of ThreatConnect lays out some essential guidelines for how not to get caught.
A generalisation of von Staudt’s theorem on cross-ratios
Authors: HALEVI YATIR , KAPLAN ITAY 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA generalisation of von Staudt’s theorem that every permutation of the projective line that preserves harmonic quadruples is a projective semilinear map is given. It is then concluded that any proper supergroup of permutations of the projective semilinear group over an algebraically closed field of transcendence degree at least 1 is 4-transitive.
Emergence of serotype 19AStreptococcus pneumoniaeafter PCV10 associated with a ST320 in adult population, in Porto Alegre, Brazil
Authors: Mott M.P. , Caierão J. , Cunha G.R. , Del Maschi M.M. , Pizzutti K. , d'Azevedo P. , Dias C.A.G. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractUse of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines has caused emergence of non-vaccine serotypes. No Brazilian data specifically about serotype 19A are available. We aimed to evaluate the frequency of occurrence, susceptibility profile and molecular epidemiology of serotype 19A before and after vaccine introduction in Brazil. Pneumococcal identification was performed by the conventional method. Strain serotype was determined by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and/or Quellung reaction. Resistance was determined by Etest®and PCR was performed to determine the presence of macrolide resistance genes,ermB and/ormefA. Pneumococci were typed by Multilocus Sequence Typing. Thirty-eight serotype 19AStreptococcus pneumoniaewere recovered, mostly from invasive diseases. Prevalence of serotype 19A increased following vaccination (from 3.5% before vaccination to 8.1% after,p= 0.04196). Non-susceptibility increased to most antimicrobials after vaccine introduction and was associated with clonal complex (CC)320. MLST showed nine different STs, which were grouped in one main CC: CC320 (63.9%). During the post-vaccination era, the frequency of this serotype increased significantly from 1.2% in 2011 to 18.5% in 2014 (p= 0.00001), with a concomitant decrease in the genetic variability: ST320 consistently predominated after vaccine-introduction (61.1%). Overall, our results showed a post-PCV10 increase in the frequency of serotype 19A. This was accompanied by a selection of CC320 and antimicrobial resistance.
A hospital qPCR-based survey of 10 gastrointestinal parasites in routine diagnostic screening, Marseille, France
Authors: Menu E. , Mary C. , Toga I. , Raoult D. , Ranque S. , Bittar F. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThere is a scarcity of recent epidemiological data on intestinal parasitic infections in France. We conducted a prospective study aimed at estimating the prevalence of 10 enteric parasites in Marseille, France, using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based diagnosis. A total of 643 faeces from 488 patients referred to the Parasitology-Mycology Laboratory of the University Hospital of Marseille over a 6 months period were included. DNA was extracted using a semi-automated method. Parasites of interest were detected using singleplex quantitative PCRs (qPCRs). For positive samples, theBlastocystissubtype was determined by sequence analysis. During the study, the overall prevalence of enteric parasites was 17%.Blastocystis sp.was the most frequent species (10.5%), followed byDientamoeba fragilis(2.3%) andGiardia intestinalis(2.3%). The prevalence of other parasites was <1% each. The ST3Blastocystissubtype was predominant (43.6%) and the other subtypes identified were ST1, ST2, ST4 and ST6. This is the first time that a qPCR-based diagnosis has been used to survey the prevalence of 10 enteric parasites in a French University Hospital. This study confirms that fast, specific, sensitive and simultaneous detection in a single stool sample by qPCR clearly outperforms conventional microscopy-based diagnosis. Furthermore, qPCR is particularly well suited to surveying gastroenteritis agents.
Proof nets for multiplicative cyclic linear logic and Lambek calculus
Authors: Abrusci V. Michele , Maieli Roberto 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a simple and intuitive syntax for proof nets of the multiplicative cyclic fragment (McyLL) of linear logic (LL). The main technical achievement of this work is to propose a correctness criterion that allows for sequentialization (recovering a proof from a proof net) for all McyLL proof nets, including those containing cut links. This is achieved by adapting the idea of contractibility (originally introduced by Danos to give a quadratic time procedure for proof nets correctness) to cyclic LL. This paper also gives a characterization of McyLL proof nets for Lambek Calculus and thus a geometrical (i.e., non-inductive) way to parse phrases or sentences by means of Lambek proof nets.
Predictors of lexical retrieval in Hindi–English bilingual speakers
Authors: Ramanujan Keerthi , Weekes Brendan S. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWhen bilinguals name pictures while in ‘monolingual mode’, we expect that under conditions of language-constraint and no cognate facilitation, factors influencing lexical retrieval in monolinguals ought to exert similar effects on bilinguals. To this end, we carried out a L1-only naming task on early Hindi–English bilinguals. Results of linear mixed effects analysis reveal AoA, Familiarity, Image Agreement and Codability (availability of alternate names) to be the most significant predictors of lexical retrieval speed for early bilinguals, confirming our expectations. However, we report, for the first time, a by-subject variation in Codability for bilinguals. Implications of the results are discussed in the context of current theories of bilingual lexical access and competition. In preparation for this study, Hindi norms from bilinguals for items in the Snodgrass and Vanderwart set have been established, which will be of use for stimuli selection in experimental studies involving bilinguals.
Tracking Magmatic Hydrogen Sulfur Circulations Using Electrical Impedance: Complex Electrical Properties of Core Samples at the Krafla Volcano, Iceland
Authors: Lévy L. , Gibert B. , Sigmundsson F. , Deldicque D. , Parat F. , Hersir G. P. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractInteraction of H2S escaping from magma and basaltic rocks leads to pyrite mineralization, witnessing active hydrothermal circulation. We study the possibility to track this process using geoelectrical methods. Complex conductivity spectra of 30 core samples from the Krafla volcano, Iceland, measured in the laboratory, indicate that pyrite can be discriminated from other minerals present in volcanic environments, such as iron oxides and clays. Joint evaluation of the maximum phase angle of electrical impedance and its real part at low frequency is required. The volume of metallic particles (pyrite or iron oxides) can be estimated from the maximum phase angle, but a decrease of the maximum phase angle with increased fluid conductivity or smectite volume is also observed and needs to be considered in the estimation. The laboratory observations can guide interpretation of field observations for estimation of pyrite volume in volcanic environments.
Deep neural networks for understanding noisy data applied to physical property extraction in scanning probe microscopy
Authors: Borodinov Nikolay , Neumayer Sabine , Kalinin Sergei V. , Ovchinnikova Olga S. , Vasudevan Rama K. , Jesse Stephen 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe rapid development of spectral-imaging methods in scanning probe, electron, and optical microscopy in the last decade have given rise for large multidimensional datasets. In many cases, the reduction of hyperspectral data to the lower-dimension materials-specific parameters is based on functional fitting, where an approximate form of the fitting function is known, but the parameters of the function need to be determined. However, functional fits of noisy data realized via iterative methods, such as least-square gradient descent, often yield spurious results and are very sensitive to initial guesses. Here, we demonstrate an approach for the reduction of the hyperspectral data using a deep neural network approach. A combined deep neural network/least-square approach is shown to improve the effective signal-to-noise ratio of band-excitation piezoresponse force microscopy by more than an order of magnitude, allowing characterization when very small driving signals are used or when a material’s response is weak.
Developmental and hemocytological effects of ingesting Fukushima’s radiocesium on the cabbage white butterfly Pieris rapae
Authors: Taira Wataru , Toki Mariko , Kakinohana Keisuke , Sakauchi Ko , Otaki Joji M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHigh morphological abnormality and mortality rates have been reported in the pale grass blue butterfly, Zizeeria maha, since the Fukushima nuclear accident. However, it remains uncertain if these effects are restricted to this butterfly. Here, we evaluated the effects of ingesting cabbage leaves grown with contaminated soils from Fukushima on the development and hemocytes of the cabbage white butterfly, Pieris rapae. Contaminated cabbage leaves containing various low levels of anthropogenic 134Cs and 137Cs radioactivity (less than natural 40K radioactivity) were fed to larvae from Okinawa, the least contaminated locality in Japan. Negative developmental and morphological effects were detected in the experimental groups. The cesium (but not potassium) radioactivity concentration was negatively correlated with the granulocyte percentage in hemolymph, and the granulocyte percentage was positively correlated with the pupal eclosion rate, the adult achievement rate, and the total normality rate. These results demonstrated that ingesting low-level radiocesium contaminants in Fukushima (but not natural radiopotassium) imposed biologically negative effects on the cabbage white butterfly, as in the pale grass blue butterfly, at both cellular and organismal levels.
Jordan–Wigner transformations for tree structures
Authors: Backens Stefan , Shnirman Alexander , Makhlin Yuriy 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe celebrated Jordan–Wigner transformation provides an efficient mapping between spin chains and fermionic systems in one dimension. Here we extend this spin–fermion mapping to arbitrary tree structures, which enables mapping between fermionic and spin systems with nearest-neighbor coupling. The mapping is achieved with the help of additional spins at the junctions between one-dimensional chains. This property allows for straightforward simulation of Majorana braiding in spin or qubit systems.
Heterosubtypic cross-protection correlates with cross-reactive interferon-gamma-secreting lymphocytes in the ferret model of influenza
Authors: Gooch Karen E. , Marriott Anthony C. , Ryan Kathryn A. , Yeates Paul , Slack Gillian S. , Brown Phillip J. , Fothergill Ross , Whittaker Catherine J. , Carroll Miles W. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAn effective universal vaccine for influenza will likely need to induce virus-specific T-cells, which are the major mediator of heterosubtypic cross-protection between different subtypes of influenza A virus. In this study we characterise the cell-mediated immune response in ferrets during heterosubtypic protection induced by low-dose H1N1 virus infection against an H3N2 virus challenge, given 4 weeks later. Although the ferrets were not protected against the infection by H3N2 virus, the duration of virus shedding was shortened, and clinical disease was markedly reduced. No cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies were detected, but cross-reactive interferon-gamma-secreting T cells were detected in the circulation prior to H3N2 challenge. These T-cells peaked at 11 days post-H1N1 infection, and were strongly induced in blood and in lung following H3N2 infection. The rapid induction of interferon-gamma-secreting cells in ferrets previously infected with H1N1 virus, but not in naïve ferrets, suggests induction of memory T-cells. These results are in accord with the observations that pre-existing cross-reactive T-cells correlate with protection in humans and have implications for outbreak modelling and universal vaccine design.
A nature inspired modularity function for unsupervised learning involving spatially embedded networks
Authors: Kishore Raj , Gogineni Ajay K. , Nussinov Zohar , Sahu Kisor K. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe quality of network clustering is often measured in terms of a commonly used metric known as “modularity”. Modularity compares the clusters found in a network to those present in a random graph (a “null model”). Unfortunately, modularity is somewhat ill suited for studying spatially embedded networks, since a random graph contains no basic geometrical notions. Regardless of their distance, the null model assigns a nonzero probability for an edge to appear between any pair of nodes. Here, we propose a variant of modularity that does not rely on the use of a null model. To demonstrate the essentials of our method, we analyze networks generated from granular ensemble. We show that our method performs better than the most commonly used Newman-Girvan (NG) modularity in detecting the best (physically transparent) partitions in those systems. Our measure further properly detects hierarchical structures, whenever these are present.
Solid-state fermentation of palm kernels by Yarrowia lipolytica modulates the aroma of palm kernel oil
Authors: Zhang Wencan , Zhao Feifei , Zhao Fangju , Yang Tiankui , Liu Shaoquan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSolid-state fermentation with Yarrowia lipolytica was applied to palm kernels (PK) with the aim to modulate the aroma of palm kernel oil (PKO) obtained after kernel roasting. The results showed that, the metabolic activities of Y. lipolityca brought about significant changes to the volatile profile of obtained PKO either by providing thermal reaction reactants or by directly contributing aroma compounds. After fermentation, a decreased content in glucose (60%) while an elevated amount (7-fold) in free amino acids was found in PK, which further impacted the formation of volatile compounds by influencing the Maillard reaction and Strecker degradation during roasting. More Strecker aldehydes and N-heterocyclic compounds were formed in PKO derived from fermented PK especially after intensified roasting. In addition, the catabolism of Y. lipolytica imparted some distinct volatile compounds such as 2-phenylethanol to the obtained PKO. However, the lipase excreted by Y. lipolytica hydrolysed PK lipids and released 5-fold more free fatty acids in fermented PKO, relative to the blank and control PKO, which likely contributed to the off-flavor. On the basis of all volatile categories, principal component analysis (PCA) clearly separated the fermented PKO from the blank and control PKO, with light roasted, fermented PKO being correlated with acids, alcohols and aliphatic aldehydes; medium and dark roasted, fermented PKO tending to be dominated by pyrroles, pyrazines and furanones, which is in correspondence with sensory changes of PKO. This study demonstrated that combining fermentation with roasting could provide a novel way to modulate the volatile composition and aroma of PKO.
Urinary metabolic variation analysis during pregnancy and application in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and spontaneous abortion biomarker discovery
Authors: Liu Xiaoyan , Wang Xiangqing , Sun Haidan , Guo Zhengguang , Liu Xiang , Yuan Tao , Fu Yong , Tang Xiaoyue , Li Jing , Sun Wei , Zhao Weigang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPregnancy is associated with the onset of many adaptation processes that are likely to change over the course of gestation. Understanding normal metabolites’ variation with pregnancy progression is crucial for gaining insights of the key nutrients for normal fetal growth, and for comparative research of pregnancy-related complications. This work presents liquid chromatography-mass spectrum-based urine metabolomics study of 50 health pregnant women at three time points during pregnancy. The influence of maternal physiological factors, including age, BMI, parity and gravity to urine metabolome was explored. Additionally, urine metabolomics was applied for early prediction of two pregnancy complications, gestational diabetes mellitus and spontaneous abortion. Our results suggested that during normal pregnancy progression, pathways of steroid hormone biosynthesis and tyrosine metabolism were significantly regulated. BMI is a factor that should be considered during cross-section analysis. Application analysis discovered potential biomarkers for GDM in the first trimester with AUC of 0.89, and potential biomarkers for SA in the first trimester with AUC of 0.90. In conclusion, our study indicated that urine metabolome could reflect variations during pregnancy progression, and has potential value for pregnancy complications early prediction. The clinical trial number for this study is NCT03246295.