bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Field‐Induced Polar Order in Monolayer Molybdenum Disulfide Transistors
Authors: Hao Duxing , Chang Wen‐Hao , Chang Yu‐Chen , Liu Wei‐Tung , Ho Sheng‐Zhu , Lu Chen‐Hsuan , Yang Tilo H. , Kawakami Naoya , Chen Yi‐Chun , Liu Ming‐Hao , Lin Chun‐Liang , Lu Ting‐Hua , Lan Yann‐Wen , Yeh Nai‐Chang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn semiconducting monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (ML‐TMDs), broken inversion symmetry and strong spin‐orbit coupling result in spin‐valley lock‐in effects so that the valley degeneracy may be lifted by external magnetic fields, potentially leading to real‐space structural transformation. Here, magnetic field (B)‐induced giant electric hysteretic responses to back‐gate voltages are reported in ML‐MoS2 field‐effect transistors (FETs) on SiO2/Si at temperatures < 20 K. The observed hysteresis increases with |B| up to 12 T and is tunable by varying the temperature. Raman spectroscopic and scanning tunneling microscopic studies reveal significant lattice expansion with increasing |B| at 4.2 K, and this lattice expansion becomes asymmetric in ML‐MoS2 FETs on rigid SiO2/Si substrates, leading to out‐of‐plane mirror symmetry breaking and the emergence of a tunable out‐of‐plane ferroelectric‐like polar order. This broken symmetry‐induced polarization in ML‐MoS2 shows typical ferroelectric butterfly hysteresis in piezo‐response force microscopy, adding ML‐MoS2 to the single‐layer material family that exhibits out‐of‐plane polar order‐induced ferroelectricity, which is promising for such technological applications as cryo‐temperature ultracompact non‐volatile memories, memtransistors, and ultrasensitive magnetic field sensors. Moreover, the polar effect induced by asymmetric lattice expansion may be further generalized to other ML‐TMDs and achieved by nanoscale strain engineering of the substrate without magnetic fields.
Synthesis Strategies for High Entropy Nanoparticles
Authors: Yang Linlin , He Ren , Chai Jiali , Qi Xueqiang , Xue Qian , Bi Xiaoyu , Yu Jing , Sun Zixu , Xia Lu , Wang Kaiwen , Kapuria Nilotpal , Li Junshan , Ostovari Moghaddam Ahmad , Cabot Andreu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNanoparticles (NPs) of high entropy materials (HEMs) have attracted significant attention due to their versatility and wide range of applications. HEM NPs can be synthesized by fragmenting bulk HEMs or disintegrating and recrystallizing them. Alternatively, directly producing HEMs in NP form from atomic/ionic/molecular precursors presents a significant challenge. A widely adopted strategy involves thermodynamically driving HEM NP formation by leveraging the entropic contribution but incorporating strategies to limit NP growth at the elevated temperatures used for maximizing entropy. A second approach is to kinetically drive HEM NP formation by promoting rapid reactions of homogeneous reactant mixtures or using highly diluted precursor dissolutions. Additionally, experimental evidence suggests that enthalpy plays a significant role in driving HEM NP formation processes at moderate temperatures, with the high energy cost of generating additional surfaces and interfaces at the nanoscale stabilizing the HEM phase. This review critically assesses the various synthesis strategies developed for HEM NP preparation, highlighting key illustrative examples and offering insights into the underlying formation mechanisms. Such insights are critical for fine‐tuning experimental conditions to achieve specific outcomes, ultimately enabling the effective synthesis of optimized generations of these advanced materials for both current and emerging applications across various scientific and technological fields.
In Situ Encapsulation of Atomically Precise Nanoclusters in Reticular Frameworks via Mechanochemical Synthesis
Authors: Li Yi‐Ming , Shi Dongxia , Yuan Jian , Zuo Rui‐Min , Yang Hui , Hu Jinhui , Hu Shu‐Xian , Sheng Hongting , Zhu Manzhou 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe combination of atomically precise nanoclusters (APNCs) and reticular frameworks is promising for generating component‐specific nanocomposites with emergent properties. However, traditional liquid‐phase synthesis often hampers this potential by damaging APNCs and limiting combination diversity. Here, mechanochemical synthesis to explore the encapsulation of diverse oil‐ and water‐soluble APNCs within various reticular frameworks is employed, establishing a database of 21 unique APNC−framework combinations, including metal−organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent−organic frameworks (COFs), hydrogen−bonded organic frameworks (HOFs), and multivariate MOFs. These framework coatings not only spatially immobilize APNCs but also secure their structures, preventing aggregation and degradation while enhancing stability and activity. Encapsulating Au25 in HOFs resulted in a remarkable 315‐fold increase in catalytic activity compared to Au25 homogeneous catalyst, highlighting the framework's crucial role in catalytic enhancement. The mechanochemical synthesis strategy facilitates tailored support screening, catering to specific needs, and shows promise for developing multifunctional systems, including enzyme−APNC@frameworks material for cascade reactions.
Industrial Scale Sea‐Island Melt‐Spun Continuous Ultrafine Fibers for Highly Comfortable Insulated Aerogel Felt Clothing
Authors: Yu Yan , Xu Chengjian , Hu Zexu , Xiang Hengxue , Zhang Junyan , Zhang Xinhai , Cheng Yanhua , Zhu Liping , Zhu Meifang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAerogels are most attractive for thermal clothing. However, mechanical fragility and structural instability restrict their practical applications. These issues are overcome by developing industrial scale sea‐island melt‐spun ultrafine fibers with large and uniform length‐to‐diameter as building blocks, which are assembled into aerogel felts with corrugated lamellar structure through freeze‐shaping technology. These aerogels possess excellent mechanical properties to meet fabric elasticity and comfort needs, including super‐flexibility (25% tensile strain, 95% compression, 180° bending performance) and fatigue resistance of over 10,000 cycles. The aerogels are also self‐cleaning, waterproof, breathable, and flame‐retardant, making them suitable for application requirements in extreme environments. Moreover, the obtained aerogel felt clothing exhibits excellent thermal insulation properties close to that of dry air, and is only one‐third as thick as down clothing with similar insulating properties. Expanding sea‐island melt‐spun fiber to construct aerogel in this strategy provides scalable potential for developing multifunctional insulating aerogel clothing.
Discovery of EDA‐Complex Photochemical Reactions Using Computational Vision
Authors: Silva Rodrigo C. , Batista Gabriel M. F. , Brocksom Timothy J. , de Oliveira Kleber T. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHerein, we report a multidimensional screening strategy to discover Electron Donor‐Acceptor (EDA) complex photochemical reactions using only simple photographic devices, such as webcams or cellphones, combined with TLC analysis. An algorithm was designed to automatically identify EDA‐complex reactive mixtures in solution by processing digital images from a 96‐well microplate, alongside TLC results. The code detects the absorption region of the mixture in the visible spectrum and quantifies color changes through grayscale values. Integrated automatic TLC analysis further classifies mixtures as colorimetric reactions, non‐reactive, or potentially reactive EDA complexes. Leveraging this screening platform, we have developed a new EDA‐mediated approach to synthesize iminophosphoranes in yields up to 90%.
Exploring Electronic and Conformational Attributes of an Organic Donor‐Bridge‐Acceptor Molecular System
Authors: Echeverri Nikolas , Perea Jose Dario , Leon Salvador 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis research explores the electronic properties and conformational dynamics of the ZnP‐COPV‐ (Zinc Porphyrin ‐ Carbon bridged Oligo Phenylenevinylene ‐ Fullerene) organic semiconductor via specialized Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Molecular Dynamics (MD) computational techniques. First, through DFT calculations, essential HOMO (Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital), LUMO (Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital), and Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP) electronic attributes are meticulously dissected providing insights into the intricate charge transfer processes between the constituent donor‐acceptor moieties. Furthermore, MD simulations are employed to unveil the molecular system's multifaceted conformational flexibility and stability. The Root‐mean‐squared deviation (RMSD), end‐to‐end distance, and torsional angles quantitative analysis of conformational attributes support the carbon‐bridged oligo‐phenylenevinylene (COPV) molecular wire's ‐skeleton planar and rigid conformation. This minimal end‐to‐end distance variation (within Å) compared to the initially extended structure and the constrained torsional motion (within for ZnP‐COPV and for COPV‐) after thermalization showcases COPV's ability to maintain structural rigidity over time, aligning with the concept of effective ‐conjugation. Finally, through the lens of time dependent (TD)‐DFT, the dynamic evolution of the HOMO–LUMO energy gap, TD‐DFT excitation energies and oscillator strengths are explored as the molecular structure transforms over time. The observed energy gap variation underscores the molecule's adaptability in the face of structural modifications, hinting at an intriguing connection between structural stability and enhanced electronic properties. The research provides a comprehensive understanding of the intricate interplay between conformational dynamics and electronic attributes in organic semiconductors, providing quantitative insights crucial for designing stable, high‐performance materials for cutting‐edge optoelectronic applications and helping advance the collective understanding of sustainable energy conversion.
Double Braking Effects of Nanomedicine on Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore for Treating Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Lu An , Xu Zhiyi , Zhao Zhixia , Yan Yi , Jiang Linxia , Geng Jing , Jin Hongwei , Wang Xiangyu , Liu Xiaoyan , Zhu Yuanjun , Shi Yujie , Liu Lihong , Dai Huaping , Wang Jian‐Cheng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening is a key hallmark of injured type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECIIs) in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Inhibiting mPTP opening in AECIIs is considered a potential IPF treatment. Herein, a “double braking” strategy on mPTP by cyclosporin A (CsA) derived ionizable lipid with 3D structure (3D‐lipid) binding cyclophilin D (CypD) and siRNA downregulating mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) expression is proposed for treating IPF. 3D‐lipid and MCU targeting siRNA (siMCU) are co‐assembled to form stable 3D‐LNP/siMCU nanoparticles (NPs), along with helper lipids. In vitro results demonstrated that these NPs effectively inhibit mPTP opening by 3D‐lipid binding with CypD and siRNA downregulating MCU expression, thereby decreasing damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) release and suppressing epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in bleomycin‐induced A549 cells. In vivo results revealed that 3D‐LNP/siMCU NPs effectively ameliorated collagen deposition, pro‐fibrotic factors secretion, and fibroblast activation in bleomycin‐induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF) mouse models. Moreover, compared to the commercial MC3‐based formulation, optimized Opt‐MC3/siRNA NPs with incorporating 3D‐lipid as the fifth component, showed superior therapeutic efficacy against PF due to their enhanced stability and higher gene silencing efficiency. Overall, the nanomedicine containing 3D‐lipid and siMCU will be a promising and potential approach for IPF treatment.
OPN‐Mediated Crosstalk Between Hepatocyte E4BP4 and Hepatic Stellate Cells Promotes MASH‐Associated Liver Fibrosis
Authors: Wang Sujuan , Gao Jiashi , Yang Meichan , Zhang Gary , Yin Lei , Tong Xin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractStressed hepatocytes promote liver fibrosis through communications with hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) during chronic liver injury. However, intra‐hepatocyte players that facilitate such cell‐to‐cell communications are largely undefined. It is previously reported that hepatocyte E4BP4 is potently induced by ER stress and hepatocyte deletion of E4bp4 protects mice from high‐fat diet‐induced liver steatosis. Here how hepatocyte E4bp4 deficiency impacts the activation of HSCs and the progression toward MASH‐associated liver fibrosis is examined. Hepatic E4BP4 is increased in mouse models of NASH diet‐ or CCl4‐induced liver fibrosis. Hepatocyte‐specific E4bp4 deletion protected mice against NASH diet‐induced liver injury, inflammation, and fibrosis without impacting liver steatosis. Hepatocyte E4BP4 overexpression activated HSCs in a medium transfer experiment, whereas hepatocyte E4bp4 depletion did the opposite. RNA‐Seq analysis identified the pro‐fibrogenic factor OPN as a critical target of E4BP4 within hepatocytes. Antibody neutralization or shRNA depletion of Opn abrogated hepatocyte E4BP4‐induced HSC activation. E4BP4 interacted with and stabilized YAP, an established activator of OPN. Loss of hepatic Yap blocked OPN induction in the liver of Ad‐E4bp4‐injected mice. Hepatocyte E4BP4 induces OPN via YAP to activate HSCs and promote liver fibrosis during diet‐induced MASH. Inhibition of the hepatocyte E4BP4‐OPN pathway could offer a novel therapeutic avenue for treating MASLD/MASH.
PKM2‐Driven Lactate Overproduction Triggers Endothelial‐To‐Mesenchymal Transition in Ischemic Flap via Mediating TWIST1 Lactylation
Authors: Xu Yining , Ma Xianhui , Ni Weiyu , Zheng Lin , Lin Zhongnan , Lai Yingying , Yang Ningning , Dai Zhanqiu , Yao Teng , Chen Zeyang , Shen Lifeng , Wang Haitao , Wang Long , Wu Yizheng , Gao Weiyang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe accumulation of lactate is a rising risk factor for patients after flap transplantation. Endothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) plays a critical role in skin fibrosis. Nevertheless, whether lactate overproduction directly contributes to flap necrosis and its mechanism remain unknown. The current study reveals that skin flap mice exhibit enhanced PKM2 and fibrotic response. Endothelial‐specific deletion of PKM2 attenuates flap necrosis and ameliorates flap fibrosis in mice. Administration of lactate or overexpressing PKM2 promotes dysfunction of endothelial cells and stimulates mesenchymal‐like phenotype following hypoxia. Mechanistically, glycolytic‐lactate induces a correlation between Twist1 and p300/CBP, leading to lactylation of Twist1 lysine 150 (K150la). The increase in K150la promotes Twist1 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation and further regulates the transcription of TGFB1, hence inducing fibrosis phenotype. Genetically deletion of endothelial‐specific PKM2 in mice diminishes lactate accumulation and Twist1 lactylation, then attenuates EndoMT‐associated fibrosis following flap ischemia. The serum lactate levels of flap transplantation patients are elevated and exhibit predictive value for prognosis. This findings suggested a novel role of PKM2‐derived lactate in mediating Twist1 lactylation and exacerbates flap fibrosis and ischemia. Inhibition of glycolytic‐lactate and Twist1 lactylation reduces flap necrosis and fibrotic response might become a potential therapeutic strategy for flap ischemia.
Beyond Moiré with Spatial Frequency Mastery via δ‐Function Expansion Metasurface
Authors: Chen Rongsheng , Yu Feilong , Chen Jin , Jin Rong , Wang Jie , Wang Jiuxu , Chen Xiaoshuang , Lu Wei , Li Guanhai 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMastering spatial frequency manipulation within momentum space is pivotal yet challenging, particularly in mitigating moiré patterns that significantly impair image quality across diverse applications. Conventional methods often require trade‐offs in spatial resolution or fall short of completely eradicating unwanted frequencies, further burdened by complex post‐processing demands. In this work, a novel coherent δ‐function expansion technique implemented through an all‐silicon metasurface, affording unparalleled synergistic control over arbitrarily selected spatial frequencies via refined k‐space amplitude and phase modulations is introduced. This approach transcends traditional global methods by harnessing a sophisticated ensemble of multiple δ‐functions, enabling a holistic manipulation of spatial frequencies. The periodicity introduced by this approach also enables the feasibility of infinitely spatial stitching expansion for metasurfaces while maintaining high energy utilization efficiency. The methodology excels in the meticulous removal of local moiré frequencies while concurrently facilitating numerous advanced optical functions, including mixed partial differentiation and noise suppression, all within the optical domain. This work heralds a significant leap forward in optical manipulation, presenting a viable, scalable alternative to complex electronic post‐processing. Through this work, not only a longstanding challenge is addressed in optical physics but also open new avenues for research and application in photodetection and optical processing technologies.
Posterior Basolateral Amygdala is a Critical Amygdaloid Area for Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Sun Yan‐Hui , Hu Bo‐Wu , Tan Li‐Heng , Lin Lin , Cao Shu‐Xia , Wu Tan‐Xia , Wang Hao , Yu Bin , Wang Qin , Lian Hong , Chen Jiadong , Li Xiao‐Ming 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe amygdaloid complex consists of multiple nuclei and is a key node in controlling temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) in both human and animal model studies. However, the specific nucleus in the amygdaloid complex and the neural circuitry governing seizures remain unknown. Here, it is discovered that activation of glutamatergic neurons in the posterior basolateral amygdala (pBLA) induces severe seizures and even mortality. The pBLA glutamatergic neurons project collateral connections to multiple brain regions, including the insular cortex (IC), bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), and central amygdala (CeA). Stimulation of pBLA‐targeted IC neurons triggers seizures, whereas ablation of IC neurons suppresses seizures induced by activating pBLA glutamatergic neurons. GABAergic neurons in the BNST and CeA establish feedback inhibition on pBLA glutamatergic neurons. Deleting GABAergic neurons in the BNST or CeA leads to sporadic seizures, highlighting their role in balancing pBLA activity. Furthermore, pBLA neurons receive glutamatergic inputs from the ventral hippocampal CA1 (vCA1). Ablation of pBLA glutamatergic neurons mitigates both acute and chronic seizures in the intrahippocampal kainic acid‐induced mouse model of TLE. Together, these findings identify the pBLA as a pivotal nucleus in the amygdaloid complex for regulating epileptic seizures in TLE.
Novel Octa‐Structure Metamaterial Architecture for High Q‐Factor and High Sensitivity in THz Impedance Spectroscopy
Authors: Khand Heena , Sengupta Rudrarup , Sarusi Gabby 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTerahertz (THz) electric inductive‐capacitive (ELC) resonant metamaterials (MMs) are well established tools that can be used to detect the presence of dielectric material (e.g., nanoparticles, bioparticles, etc.) spread on their surfaces within the gap of the capacitive plates of a nanoantenna array. In THz spectroscopy, the amount of the red shift in the resonance frequency (ΔF) plays an important role in the detection of nanoparticles and their concentration. We introduce a new LC resonant MM architecture in the ELC category that maximizes dielectric sensitivity. The newly proposed architecture has an octahedral structure with uniform capacitive gaps at each forty‐five‐degree interval, making the structure super‐symmetric and polarization independent. The inductor core is condensed into a central solid circle connecting all the eight lobes of the octahedron, thereby completing the LC circuit. This ELC resonator has very large active areas (capacitor‐gaps), with hotspots at the periphery of each unit cell. The MM structure is repeated in a clustered fashion, so that the peripheral hotspots are also utilized in dielectric sensing. This results in enhancing the quality factor of MM resonance, as well as in increasing ΔF. The research comprises a combination of rigorous system‐level simulations along with THz impedance spectroscopy laboratory experiments. We achieved a highly sensitive MM sensor with sensitivity reaching 1600 GHz/RIU. This sensor is fully CMOS compatible and has promising potential applications in high‐sensitivity bio‐sensing, characterization of nanoparticles, and ultra‐low‐concentration dielectrics detection, as well as in sensing differential changes in the composition of substances deposited on the metasurface.
Clog P‐Guided Development of Multi‐Colored Buffering Fluorescent Probes for Super‐Resolution Imaging of Lipid Droplet Dynamics
Authors: Chen Jie , Qiao Qinglong , Wang Hanlixin , Jiang Wenchao , Liu Wenjuan , An Kai , Xu Zhaochao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSuper‐resolution fluorescence imaging of live cells increasingly demands fluorescent probes capable of multi‐color and long‐term dynamic imaging. Understanding the mechanisms of probe‐target recognition is essential for the engineered development of such probes. In this study, it is discovered that the molecular lipid solubility parameter, Clog P, determines the staining performance of fluorescent dyes on lipid droplets (LDs). Fluorescent dyes with Clog P values between 2.5 and 4 can form buffering pools outside LDs, replacing photobleached dyes within LDs to maintain constant fluorescence intensity in LDs, thereby enabling dynamic super‐resolution imaging of LDs. Guided by Clog P, four different colored buffering LD probes spanning the visible light spectrum have been developed. Using Structured Illumination Microscopy (SIM), the role of LD dynamics have been tracked during cellular ferroptosis with the secretion, storage, and degradation of overexpressed ACSL3 proteins. It is found that LDs serve as storage sites for these proteins through membrane fusion, and further degrade overexpressed proteins via interactions with organelles like lysosomes or through lipophagy, thereby maintaining cellular homeostasis.
Nature's All‐in‐One: Multitasking Robots Inspired by Dung Beetles
Authors: Leung Binggwong , Gorb Stanislav , Manoonpong Poramate 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDung beetles impressively coordinate their 6 legs to effectively roll large dung balls. They can also roll dung balls varying in the weight on different terrains. The mechanisms underlying how their motor commands are adapted to walk and simultaneously roll balls (multitasking behavior) under different conditions remain unknown. This study unravels the mechanisms of how dung beetles roll dung balls and adapt their leg movements to stably roll balls over different terrains for multitasking robots. A modular neural‐based loco‐manipulation control inspired by and based on ethological observations of the ball‐rolling behavior of dung beetles is synthesized. The proposed neural‐based control contains a central pattern generator (CPG) module, a pattern formation network (PFN) module, and a robot orientation control (ROC) module. The integrated control mechanisms can control a dung beetle‐like robot (ALPHA) with biomechanical feet to perform adaptive (multitasking) loco‐manipulation (walking and ball‐rolling) on various terrains (flat and uneven). It can deal with different ball weights (2.0 and 4.6 kg) and ball types (soft and rigid). The control mechanisms can serve as guiding principles for solving sensory‐motor coordination for multitasking robots. Furthermore, this study contributes to biological research by enhancing the understanding of sensory‐motor coordination for adaptive (multitasking) loco‐manipulation behavior in animals.