bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of pig genotype, immunological castration, and use of ractopamine on growth performance, carcass traits, and pork quality for entire male pigs
Authors: Park J. , Campbell C.P. , Squires E.J. , de Lange C.F.M. , Mandell I.B. 
Published: July 2018

Entire male (EM) pigs (152; ∼30 kg body weight) were used to examine immunocastration using Improvest and feeding ractopamine on growth performance, carcass and meat quality, and fatty acid composition. Timing for administering second dose of Improvest compared dosing at 4 and 8 wk pre-slaughter. A factorial arrangement evaluated two genotypes [Large Whites and Duroc crossbreds (Durocs)] by five management regimens (EM fed control diet, EM fed ractopamine, second dose Improvest 4 wk pre-slaughter, second dose Improvest 8 wk pre-slaughter, second dose Improvest 4 wk pre-slaughter plus ractopamine). Average daily gain and gain to feed (G:F) were generally greater (P ≤ 0.01) in Durocs. Immunocastration increased (P < 0.01) dry matter intake (DMI); feeding ractopamine decreased (P < 0.02) DMI and increased (P < 0.03) G:F. Immunocastration decreased (P < 0.04) carcass and lean yields; feeding ractopamine increased (P < 0.04) carcass weights, lean yield, muscling, and longissimus shear force while decreasing (P < 0.01) backfats. Immunocastration did not affect loin pH, color, drip loss, and shear force. Timing for second Improvest dose did not affect most growth performance, carcass, and meat quality traits except for greater (P < 0.02) backfats when administering dose 8 wk pre-slaughter. Effects of immunocastration and (or) feeding ractopamine were relatively consistent in both genotypes evaluated.
Searching for left sneutrino LSP at the LHC
Authors: Ghosh Pradipta , Lara Iñaki , López-Fogliani Daniel E. , Muñoz Carlos , Ruiz de Austri Roberto 
Published: July 2018

We analyze relevant signals expected at the LHC for a left sneutrino as the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP). The discussion is carried out in the “[Formula: see text] from [Formula: see text]” supersymmetric standard model [Formula: see text], where the presence of [Formula: see text]-parity breaking couplings involving right-handed neutrinos solves the [Formula: see text] problem and reproduces neutrino data. The sneutrinos are pair produced via a virtual [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text] in the [Formula: see text] channel. From the prompt decay of a pair of left sneutrinos LSPs of any family, a significant diphoton signal plus missing transverse energy (MET) from neutrinos can be present in the mass range 118–132 GeV, with 13 TeV center-of-mass energy and an integrated luminosity of 100 fb[Formula: see text]. In addition, in the case of a pair of tau left sneutrinos LSPs, given the large value of the tau Yukawa coupling diphoton plus leptons and/or multileptons can appear. We find that the number of expected events for the multilepton signal, together with properly adopted search strategies, is sufficient to give a significant evidence for a sneutrino of mass in the range 130–310 GeV, even with the integrated luminosity of 20 fb[Formula: see text]. In the case of the signal producing diphoton plus leptons, an integrated luminosity of 100 fb[Formula: see text] is needed to give a significant evidence in the mass range 95–145 GeV. Finally, we discuss briefly the presence of displaced vertices and the associated range of masses.
Syntheses and properties of copper hydroxide nanosheets and controlled deposition
Authors: Kurashina Masashi , Ikeuchi Daiki , Ohara Masaki , Takayanagi Toshio , Yasuzawa Mikito 
Published: July 2018

In this study, we synthesized copper hydroxide nanosheet and investigated its electrochemical property and how to deposit it with a uniform amount. The precursor of the nanosheet was a layered copper hydroxide synthesized by the ion exchange of dodecylbenzene sulfonate (DBS) with acetate in Cu2(OH)3(CH3COO)⋅H2O. The nanosheet was prepared by delamination of the layered copper hydroxide by dispersion in 1-butanol. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images of the nanosheets showed lateral dimensions of ca. 2 [Formula: see text]m with the height of ca. 4.5 nm. Cyclic voltammogram of the nanosheet in basic solution showed two cathodic peaks and two anodic peaks similar to the copper oxide electrode. To deposit the nanosheet, a quartz glass slide was dipped in the dispersion of the nanosheet in 1-butanol and dried after washing. This procedure was repeated and the ultraviolet (UV) and visible (Vis) light absorption spectrum of the slide was measured. The absorbance of the slide increased in direct proportion to the number of times of the dip-and-dry procedure. Thus, we confirmed that a controlled amount of nanosheet was deposited on the quartz glass.
Effect of diffusion coatings on the high temperature properties of nickel-chromium-superalloys
Authors: Lee Byeong Woo 
Published: July 2018

The halide-activated pack cementation method was utilized to deposit aluminide or silicide coatings on Inconel 617 and Hastelloy X superalloys. Aluminide and silicide diffusion coatings were formed at 850[Formula: see text]C for 2 h in nitrogen atmosphere, using a pack mixture containing pure aluminum (Al) or silicon (Si) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) powders with activators of NH4Cl and AlF3. Aluminide-coated alloys showed homogeneous and uniform microstructures. Al diffused into the alloy inwards and aluminide diffusion coatings of [Formula: see text]17 [Formula: see text]m thick were formed inside the alloy. It was shown that the Al coatings played a key role in blocking off the excessive corrosion products at a high temperature for the alloys. The enhanced thermal stability and improved wear resistance were achieved in the aluminide coatings. In contrast to the aluminide coating, the silicide coating played a negative role, unable to provide the protective layer. The microstructural evolution and thermal stability of the aluminide- and silicide-coated alloys have been elucidated.
Room-temperature magnetoelectric coupling, dielectric and impedance studies of 0.5Zn0.3Ni0.7Fe2O4–0.5HoMnO3 nanocomposite
Authors: Debnath Rajesh , Mandal S. K. , Nath A. , Dey P. 
Published: July 2018

We have investigated strain mediated magnetoelectric (ME) coupling and impedance properties in 0.5Zn[Formula: see text]Ni[Formula: see text]Fe2O4–0.5HoMnO3 nanocomposites at room-temperature. The ME voltage is measured in both longitudinal and transverse direction at a frequency of 173 Hz. The impedance, real and imaginary parts of impedance and dielectric constant have been carried out in presence of DC magnetic field. With the application of magnetic field, slight decrease in dielectric constant has been observed. The impedance, real and imaginary parts of impedance are found to increase with the increase in the applied magnetic field. Nyquist plots have been fitted using three parallel combinations of resistances–capacitance circuits. Fitted parameters show the dominant role of grain boundaries, grains and interface of two types of grains of the sample.
Effect of leaching conditions on the elution of metals from denitration catalyst wastes
Authors: Yabutani Tomoki , Nakamura Takamasa , Takayanagi Toshio , Yamada Yohei 
Published: July 2018

Leaching of metallic species from denitration catalyst waste was performed at different leaching conditions using different solvents. The leaching efficiency of sodium percarbonate solution was higher than that of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or sodium carbonate solution. Under the optimal leaching conditions (1.0 mol kg[Formula: see text] sodium percarbonate, leaching temperature of 80[Formula: see text]C and leaching time of 5 h), the leaching rate was 90.7 ± 2.9% for W, 78.4 ± 4.1% for V and 8.6 ± 0.4% for Ti. The enhanced leaching ability of sodium percarbonate was due to the high affinity of the peroxo moiety (–O–O–) of H2O2, within the percarbonate, towards metallic ions and dissolution of titanium dioxide (TiO2) in the alkaline medium of carbonate.
Fabrication of hybrid gel nanofibrous polymer electrolyte for lithium ion battery
Authors: Bhute Monali V. , Kondawar Subhash B. , Koinkar Pankaj 
Published: July 2018

Fibrous membranes are promising separators for high-performance lithium ion battery because of their high porosity and superior electrolyte uptake. In this paper, the fabrication of hybrid gel polymer electrolyte (HGPE) by introducing SnO2 nanoparticles in poly(vinylidine fluoride) by electrospinning technique and soaking the electrospun nanofibrous membranes in 1 M LiPF6 in ethylene carbonate (EC)/diethyl carbonate (DEC) (1:1, v/v). The as-prepared electrospun HGPE with SnO2 nanofiller was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The influence of SnO2 on the structure of polymer membrane, physical, and electrochemical properties is systematically investigated. HGPE shows significant high ionic conductivity 4.6 × 10[Formula: see text] S/cm at room-temperature and better cell performance such as discharge C-rate capability and cycle performance. The hybrid gel polymer nanofibrous membrane favors high uptake of lithium electrolyte so that electrolyte leakage is reduced. The gel polymer electrolyte with SnO2 filler was used for the fabrication of Li/PVdF-SnO2/LiFePO4 coin cell. The fabricated cell was evaluated at a current density of 0.2 C-rate and delivered stable and excellent cycle performance. This study revealed that the prepared HGPE can be employed as potential electrolyte for lithium ion batteries.
EFFECTUATION AND OPPORTUNITY RECOGNITION IN THE RENEWABLE ENERGY SECTOR IN SOUTH AFRICA: A FOCUS ON ENVIRONMENTAL DYNAMISM AND HOSTILITY
Authors: URBAN BORIS 
Published: July 2018

Effectuation is well suited to broaden our understanding of opportunity recognition because effectual processes are related to recognizing and exploiting opportunities in new markets under conditions of uncertainty. This article investigates the relationship between effectuation and opportunity recognition, while at the same time, accounting for the influence of environmental dynamism and hostility in an African emerging market context — South Africa. In so doing, the paper responds directly to calls for research to emphasize the importance of environmental conditions while placing more attention on quantifying its influences on the opportunity recognition process. Following a survey of 302 enterprises in the renewable energy sector in South Africa, results indicate that entrepreneurs apply effectual principles to recognize and exploit more opportunities while operating in dynamic and hostile surroundings. By explaining the relationships and interactions between effectuation, the environment and opportunity recognition in an African market context, the study provides a more theoretically comprehensive configuration than any of these factors would show in isolation.
Found in Translation: An Arabic Phaedo Fragment (107d6-108c1) in Ruhāwī’s Adab al-ṭabīb and the Late Antique Transmission of Plato
Authors: Moseley Geoffrey 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
I provide the first study of an extended Arabic quotation from Plato’s Phaedo preserved in a work of medical ethics by the ninth-century physician al-Ruhāwī. This quotation, I argue, is valuable both for its antiquity (its Vorlage likely predated all extant non-papyri witnesses to the Phaedo) and for the text that it transmits. Through an analysis of seven readings transmitted in the quotation, I conclude that the Arabic version is of significant textual value. A valuable new witness to the late antique, Neoplatonic tradition of Plato, it presents a plausible and unique set of variants and confirms that the tradition had been extensively contaminated even before the production of the earliest extant codices.
The Duty of Arbitrators to Delimitate between Jurisdiction and Admissibility in Investor-State Arbitration: A Developed Consensus or an Enduring Lacuna?
Authors: Earnest David L. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This article considers the growing influence that de facto precedent, in the form of jurisprudence constante, has on the duties and interpretive powers of investor-state arbitration tribunals. Specifically, a review of case law from the past decade establishes that tribunals are consistently and coherently recognizing a delimitation between the “jurisdiction” of a tribunal and the “admissibility” of a claim, and the practical effect of those two individual concepts. This has therefore created a jurisprudence constante that, in appropriate circumstances, should be followed by investor-state arbitration tribunals.
Salini’s Nature: Arbitrators’ Duty of Jurisdictional Policing
Authors: Bechky Perry S. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This article examines the duty of jurisdictional policing that Salini v. Morocco inferred from the ICSID Convention. According to Salini, ICSID arbitrators must determine whether a dispute arises from an “investment” that satisfies an objective definition of that term, regardless of the subjective definition used by the parties to a case. Salini thus suggests that this duty cannot be waived or varied by the parties. Its proponents claim that Salini’s duty serves ICSID’s vital institutional interests. Moreover, ICSID can enforce Salini’s duty. Taken together, these considerations signal that Salini’s duty is owed not only to the parties to the case, but also to ICSID itself as an institution. As Salini migrates beyond ICSID to other investor-state tribunals, however, the nature of this duty may be revealed as not only institutional but systemic – a duty inherent in the investor-state arbitrators’ function that serves the interests of the investor-state dispute system.
Approaches to Arbitrator Intimidation in Investor-State Dispute Settlement: Impartiality, Independence, and the Challenge of Regulating Behaviour
Authors: Nowrot Karsten , Sipiorski Emily 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Intimidation of arbitrators in investment law is a rarely approached but significant threat to the legitimacy of the arbitral process. The article discusses the legal basis in the relevant treaties and conventions, as well as general principles of law, in regulating the behaviour and maintaining the impartiality and independence of arbitrators. With consideration of the distinct sources of intimidation, the article pursues the complicated reality of fairly approaching intimidation that comes from different actors, in particular from one of the parties. Respecting that dismissal of a compromised arbitrator may be in line with the desires of the actor and that the arbitrators typically take the decision on whether to dismiss, alternative methods for ensuring a fair trial and due process are assessed. The article concludes by looking with a critical eye at the current structure of the system and the possibility of unknown intimidations.
Investment Arbitration and the Controverted Right of the Arbitrator to Issue a Separate or Dissenting Opinion
Authors: Titi Catharine 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Although dissents are not generally encouraged in international arbitration, they are a reality of investment treaty disputes. About one in five cases includes at least one separate or dissenting opinion. The ICSID Convention is rare among investment arbitration rules to expressly recognise the right of the arbitrator to attach his or her personal opinion to the award. Other investment arbitration rules are silent on the topic. And yet dissenting opinions are an established feature of several international courts and tribunals and their role is often viewed more benevolently than in investment arbitration. The article explores the perceived advantages and disadvantages of dissents as identified in different legal settings, including in public international courts and municipal legal systems, and critically applies them to investment arbitration. Normatively, it expects that dissents function in a broadly similar manner in investment arbitration and in other public international courts and tribunals. But it also recognises that this is nuanced by particularities of context and notably the terms of appointment of the adjudicator.
A Note on the Activation of the ICC’s Jurisdiction over the Crime of Aggression
Authors: Quintana Juan José 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
On 14 December 2017, the 16th Assembly of States Parties (ASP) to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court adopted a resolution concerning the topic “Activation of the jurisdiction of the Court over the crime of aggression”. It is to be welcomed that this decision was taken by consensus, given that over the last year a serious disagreement had arisen among the States Parties to the Rome Statute with regard to the process of activation and its effects on the States that have not yet ratified or accepted the 2010 Kampala Amendments on the crime of aggression. The purpose of this article is to examine the process that led to the adoption of the activation resolution and to discuss how the said difference of views was overcome, on the eve of the 16th ASP.
A Tale of Two Moralities
Authors: Zahid Adnan , Lone Razi Allah 
Published: July 2018

This case describes an ethical problem faced by the owners of a reasonably successful business. It gives students an opportunity to analyze the contrasting approaches of the two owners of this business towards an ethical dilemma commonly faced by those businesses in Pakistan that have to pay heavy duties on imported goods. The case highlights the fact that morally upright individuals can be pushed into very difficult situations wherein they, despite their good intentions, at times choose not to uphold duties imposed by law and morality. The difficulty felt in remaining within the confines of law, and upholding moral principles is amplified by the cumulative effects of moral failures that become endemic to a society. The pressure created by the policies of a government deemed corrupt, inefficient and, in the final analysis, illegitimate on the one hand, and unscrupulous competitors on the other, can become, at times, important contributors to morally questionable behaviour. This brings to the fore the dilemma of an individual trying to make an honest living in a very unfavourable context. The moral conundrum may be resolved either by making the difficult choice of following the law to the hilt, or through constructing an argument that legitimizes an illegal and seemingly unethical course of action.
Computerized Adaptive Testing for Patient Reported Outcomes in Ankle Fracture Surgery
Authors: Gausden Elizabeth B. , Levack Ashley , Nwachukwu Benedict U. , Sin Danielle , Wellman David S. , Lorich Dean G. 
Published: July 2018

Background: Advantages of using computerized adaptive testing (CAT) include decreased survey-burden, diminished floor and ceiling effect, and improved ability to detect the minimal clinical significant difference (MCID) among patients. The goal of this study was to compare the legacy patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) to the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) scores in terms of ability to detect clinically significant changes in patients who have undergone surgery for ankle fractures. Methods: Patients who underwent osteosynthesis for an unstable ankle fracture between 2013-2016 and completed legacy outcome scores (Foot and Ankle Outcome Score [FAOS], Olerud and Molander Ankle Score [OMAS], and Weber Score) along with the PROMIS Physical Function (PF) and PROMIS Lower Extremity (LE) CATs postoperatively were included. Correlation between the scores at 3-month, 6-month, and 1-year intervals, as well as floor and ceiling effects, in addition to MCIDs were calculated for each instrument. A total of 132 patients were included in the study. Results: There was no observed floor or ceiling effect in either the PROMIS PF or the PROMIS LE scores. Clinically significant changes in the PROMIS LE score were detected in patients between 6-month and 12-month postoperative visits ( P = .0006), whereas the reported OMAS score and Weber scores did not identify a clinically significant difference between patients at their 6-month and 12-month visit. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the PROMIS LE was superior for evaluating patients following ankle fracture surgery in terms of lower floor and ceiling effects and greater ability to distinguish clinically significant changes in patients between time points following surgery. Level of Evidence: Level III, comparative study.
Clinical presentation of optic neuritis with autoantibodies anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein
Authors: Ducloyer Jean-Baptiste , Michel Laure , Wiertlewski Sandrine , Lebranchu Pierre 
Published: July 2018

Purpose: Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein autoantibodies are associated with certain optic neuritis. Little data are known about the specificity of the initial ophthalmologic presentation. Methods: A monocentric retrospective study (2013–2017) of all patients diagnosed with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein+ optic neuritis in a tertiary ophthalmologic unit was conducted. The primary objective was to define the clinical ophthalmologic description of the first episode. The secondary objective was to evaluate the evolution and final diagnosis. Results: A total of nine patients were included. There was no female predominance (sex ratio f/m = 0.8). At the first optic neuritis episode, the average age was 39.3 years (17–67 years, standard deviation: 18.4). Initial visual acuity was low (+1.07logMAR, standard deviation: 0.77); 5 eyes out of 15 had visual acuity +2logMAR or worse. Optic neuritis was mostly painful (8/9) and bilateral (6/9) but asymmetric. Optic disk swelling was reported in 9/15 eyes and 7/9 patients and was significantly associated with lower visual acuity in the acute phase (+1.46logMAR, standard deviation: 0.67 vs +0.5, standard deviation: 0.55; p = 0.03). After a mean observation period of 3.3 years (0.6–9.4 years, standard deviation: 3.4), median visual acuity was 0.05logMAR. All five patients were followed up for more than 1 year (5.4 years, standard deviation: 3.2) had 3–8 relapses (mean: 4.4, standard deviation: 2.1; annualized relapse rate: 1.2, standard deviation: 0.9). Final diagnosis was chronic relapsing idiopathic optic neuritis (n = 4), clinically isolated optic neuritis (n = 3), and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder aquaporin 4– (n = 2). Conclusion: Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein+ optic neuritis has an atypical clinical presentation compared with multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder aquaporin 4+. Its evolution is closer to neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder aquaporin 4+, with a better visual outcome.