bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Analysis of Translation Technique of Children Story : “Lila, the Clumsy Witch”
Authors: Maisa Maisa 
Published: March 2019

Regarding to Douglas Robinson, in his famous book entitled Becoming atranslator, 1998; 49, define translation is an intelligent activity involving complex processes of conscious and unconscious learning.In the other book of Peter Newmark's, a textbook of translation, stated that translation is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author intended the text. Newmark describe translation techniques into two catagories. First, translation which focuses on the source language and target language. The SL translation techniques consists of four such as word fo word, literal, faithfull and semantic translation. While the techniques which focuses on Target Language (TL). The techniques are adaptation, free translation, idiomatic translation and communicative translation.In this paper, the writer would like to analyze the children text entitled Lila, the clumsy witch or Lila, penyihir yang ceroboh. “ what kind of translation techniques does the writer use in translating the text ? The story is written by Amelia Kurniawati and translated by P. Francis Rhien. The result is that the writer of the book uses more techniques of translation which focuses on Source language using word for word translation 19,3%, Literal translation 61,5% and Free translation 19,3%. This result indicates that the writer of the book focuses on the source language.
The Implementation of Reciprocal Method towards the Students' Reading Comprehension at the Second Grade of Junior High School
Authors: Kusriandi Wendi , Kusuma Tiara Putri 
Published: March 2019

The background of this research was based on problems that faced by students in reading class.The use of Reciprocal Method can be used as a teaching method to help teacher in teaching learning, especially in teaching reading comprehension. The study is aimed at responding the following question: 1) How is the implementation of reciprocal method in teaching reading comprehension?, 2)Is reciprocal method effective for students in learning reading comprehension. This research was conducted by using quasi experimental method.The method of the research was quantitative and qualitative. Data were obtained by giving test to the students of second grade (VIII C as experimental Group and VIII E as control group). The instruments that were used to collect data were pre-test and post-test as main instrument and questionnaire as second instrument. The test was used to know students' ability in reading comprehension before and after the teacher implementing Reciprocal Method. Questionnaire was used to know students' perception during teaching learning process. The data for this experimental study were students' reading pre-test post-test scores and students' activites results, and the reading scores were analyzed with Fraenkle and Wallen formula. The result of t is 6,6 t is 1,997 for α = 5%. So the account table conclusion is t is higher than t (t > t ). The research found that the reading account table account table scores of the experimental group is higher than the control group and it is also supported by the students' perception.Furthermore, the students' perception results indicate that there were positive responses towards the use of Reciprocal Method in teaching reading. It was effective both in arousing students' motivation and in improving their reading comprehension. From the results, using Reciprocal Method in teaching reading comprehension was expected to be a new contribution for helping teacher to conduct an effective and interesting learning in the classroom.
Teaching Reading through Reciprocal Teaching Strategy
Authors: Afrizatama Deni 
Published: March 2019

This is experimental research with quantitative approach to analyse the data. Quasi experimental is used to gain the data by using the matching only pretest – postest control group design.Tne main ptirpose of tnis researcn was intended to find out whether reciprocal teaching strategy in teaching reading for the eighth grade at SMPN 10 Kota Cirebon is effective or not and what the students’ response in learning reading using reciprocal teaching strategy are. In this research. The population of this research was eighth grade students of SMPN 10 Kota Cirebon in the 2015/2016 academic year. The number population is about 270 students consisted of nine classes and each class consisted of 25 – 30 students. This research only took two classes as sample, VIII H as control class and VIII I as experimental class. There were two research instruments that was used to gather the data: Test (Pre-test and Post-test) was used to find out the students’s achievement in reading before and after teaching reading by using reciprocal teaching strategy and questionnaire was used to find out the students’ response about learning reading using reciprocal teaching strategy. After collecting the data, the data was analyzed by using t-test formula from fraenkel to find out t-account. The result of the test showed that t-account was 4.47 and t-table was 2.012 with (df) 48 and significant level 0.05 (5%). It means that t-account (4.47) is higher than t-table (2.021). It can be concluded that (Ha) “Reciprocal teaching strategyis effectivein teaching reading for the eighth grade at SMPN 10 Kota Cirebon.” is accepted.
The Students’ Speaking Skill Analaysis on Local Wisdom- Based Topics (A Study at the First Year Grade of Mathematics Department of Unswagati)
Authors: Afiah Devi Siti 
Published: March 2019

The goals of this research are (1) to know what students’ responses toward WH question tehnique; (2) to know whether the WH Question can improve students’ math in English. This research used the descriptive qualitative method. The writer described and analyzed the students’ mistakes in speaking skill using local materials. The research was carried out at the first year students of math department in 2016/2017 academic year. It was strated from September 2016 to January 2017. The population was the first semester students of math department in academic year of 2016/2017. The number of population were 21 students. The results of this research were (1) the tudents gave good responses toward the WH Questions learning, and (2) the WH questions improved the Math students’ ability in learning English. Keywords: Speaking, Local-wisdom, WH-questions
PENGARUH REFLEKS BAYI SEBAGAI PERTAHANAN AWAL KEHIDUPANNYA
Authors: Rosita Rosita 
Published: March 2019

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan latar belakang kurangnya pemahaman orang tua tentang reflaks –refleks yang ada pada anaknya (baca; bayi), sehingga muncul paradigma yang tidak sesuai dengan perkembangan bayi. Selain itu kurangnya pemamahan tersebut membuat fakta menjadi pemahaman mitologi yang tidak sesuai dengan fakta dan teori yang sepatutnya diberikan dan distimulasi untuk pertahanan kehidupan bayi selanjutnya. Dengan demikian tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan pemahaman tentang pengaruh refleks bayi sebagai proses awal pertahanan kehidupannya. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada beberapa orang bayi. Dengan waktu pelaksanaan awal perkembangan bayi (0-6 bulan usia bayi). Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitian kualitatif. Analisis data menggunakan analisis kualitatif. Data diperoleh dengan berpedoman pada instrumen penelitian yang mengacu pada aspek refleks bayi. Dengan demikian penelitian ini diharapkan. memberikan wacana baru yang positif dan memiliki tujuan untuk memberikan pemahaman sebenarnya yang terjadi di sekitar kita
Case of Neuroendocrine Tumor GIT
Authors: Zarka Zarka , Lone Iqbal , Tazeen Tazeen , Mateen Duri , Naheena Naheena 
Published: March 2019

A 70 year old male presented with chief complaints of upper abdominal distension. Radiological and endoscopic evaluation revealed an ulceroinfiltrative growth in the upper part of the stomach. Intraoperatively an ulceroinfiltrative growth was noted in the stomach and gastrectomy was done. On gross appearance an ulceroinfiltrative growth was noted in the proximal stomach, measuring 2x1 cm. On cut section, growth was grey-white in colour and tumour infiltration was seen into the muscularis propria. JMS 2013;16(2):100
Cultura digital e docência: possibilidades para a educação musical
Authors: Cuervo Luciane Da Costa , Welch Graham Frederick , Maffioletti Leda De Albuquerque , Reategui Eliseo 
Published: March 2019

Este artigo discute o modo como a Cultura Digital afeta a atuação docente na área da Educação Musical, problematizando o uso de recursos tecnológicos e seus desafios na prática pedagógica. A partir da reflexão sobre os conceitos de Musicalidade e Cultura Digital, o trabalho analisa um recorte sobre as transformações dos processos de aprendizagem e autoaprendizagem das práticas musicais subsidiadas pelas Novas Tecnologias Digitais (NTD) no contexto da Educação Musical. A metodologia foi constituída de revisão de literatura, questionário on-line e entrevista semiestruturada com músicos profissionais experientes, cujos dados coletados foram analisados na perspectiva quali-quantitativa. Os resultados demonstram que a Cultura Digital permeia as práticas pedagógicas do planejamento e pesquisa de materiais à implementação de recursos de aprendizagem e autoaprendizagem. A pesquisa aponta desafios da docência no campo da Educação Musical, considerando o descompasso constatado entre a fluência na Cultura Digital dos estudantes e as limitações materiais de infraestrutura, de conectividade e de formação inicial e continuada de professores. Defende que a Educação Musical se beneficia com o emprego das novas tecnologias digitais, porém exige uma mudança paradigmática ao entender o estudante como um ser integral e protagonista do processo educativo-musical, cuja bagagem tecnológica pode ser crucial no processo educativo.
Volume, conductivity, and scatter parameters of leukocytes as early markers of sepsis and treatment response
Authors: Arora Parul , Gupta Praveen Kumar , Lingaiah Raghavendra , Mukhopadhyay Asok Kumar 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Morphologic changes in the size and granularity of leukocytes seen in sepsis could be measured using the volume, conductivity, and scatter (VCS parameters) from the automated hematology analyzers. The objective of this study is to find the clinical usefulness of VCS parameters as possible indicators of sepsis and to determine the effect of treatment on these parameters.
METHODS: This observational study was conducted in a tertiary level hospital in India. Hemogram and VCS parameters obtained from LH 750 (Beckman coulter, Fullerton, CA) from 134 proven blood culture-positive cases of sepsis were reviewed on the day of culture positivity (day 0), day 3, and day 7 were analyzed and compared with those of samples from otherwise healthy 100 participants. Statistical analysis of data was done, and cutoff value was established using receiver-operator characteristic curve.
RESULTS: Out of 134 culture-positive cases, 55.2% (n = 74) Gram-negative and 44.8% (n = 60) Gram-positive bacteria were isolated. The mean neutrophil volume (MNV) and mean monocyte volume (MMV) were higher in the sepsis group compared to that of the control group (165.43 ± 18.21 vs. 140.59 ± 7.6, P = 0.001 for MNV and 179.8 ± 14.16 vs. 164.54 ± 9.6, P = 0.001 for MMV). A significant decrease in MNV and MMV was observed with the initiation of the treatment. Significant changes in scatter and conductivity parameters were also noticed. A cutoff value of 150.2 for MNV gave a sensitivity and specificity of 79.1% and 95%, respectively, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 92.3%. With a cutoff of 168.3, MMV had a sensitivity of 80.6% and specificity of 77.5%, AUC of 83%.
CONCLUSION: VCS parameters such as MNV and MMV can be easily obtained by an automated hematology analyzer and could be used for early detection and therapeutic response in sepsis.
Evaluation of various risk factors associated with multidrug-resistant organisms isolated from diabetic foot ulcer patients
Authors: Datta Priya , Chander Jagdish , Gupta Varsha , Mohi Gursimran Kaur , Attri Ashok K. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
AIMS: Diabetic foot ulcer is a dreaded complication of diabetes. Diabetic foot ulcer patients are often infected with multidrug resistant organism (MDRO) due to chronic course of the wound, inappropriate antibiotics treatment, frequent hospital admission, neuropathy, nephropathy, and peripheral vascular disease.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective study was conducted in our 750 bedded hospital for a period of 6 months. The present study was undertaken to isolate various MDRO methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Gram-negative bacteria producing enzymes such as extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL), Amp C, Carbapenamases; Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter species producing metallo-beta-lactamases (MBL). In addition we attempted to identify risk factors for association of diabetic foot ulcer and MDRO.
RESULTS: A total of 149 bacterial isolates were identified. Of the total isolates 73.2% were Gram-negative and remaining 26.8% were Gram-positive bacteria. Among Enterobacteriaceae 59% were ESBL producers and 48% were Amp C producers. In addition, 41.5% of the isolates produced both ESBL and Amp C and 13.4% were carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae. Among 20 Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter isolates, 5 were MBL producers (25%). Furthermore, in the study, 56% of patients with diabetic foot ulcer harbored MDRO. The risk of multidrug-resistant infection is significantly more in patients having diabetes duration >20 years and size of ulcer more than 4 cm2.
CONCLUSION: The detection of MDRO in patients of diabetic foot ulcer changes the treatment strategies limits the antimicrobial options and causes higher complications among them.
Can rapid dengue diagnostic kits be trusted? A comparative study of commercially available rapid kits for serodiagnosis of dengue fever
Authors: Garg Atul , Garg Jaya , Singh Dharam , Dhole TN 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Dengue virus infection is an important emerging disease of the tropical and subtropical regions and is mainly diagnosed by serological detection of NS1 antigen and IgM antidengue antibodies. Since enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) facilities are not easily available at most diagnostic centers, so most of them use various commercially available rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) kits.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to access the diagnostic accuracy of four commercially available and widely used RDTs for serodiagnosis of dengue virus infection in Indian laboratories.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study was conducted at Department of Microbiology, G.S.V.M Medical College, Kanpur, India, to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of following RDTs: (1) Dengue Cassette (Panbio, Australia), (2) Bioline Dengue Duo (SD Diagnostics, Korea), (3) Dengue Day 1 test (J Mitra and Co., India), and (4) Dengucheck Duo (Tulip Diagnostics, India) on 72 confirmed dengue serum samples that were positive by dengue reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, dengue NS1, and IgM ELISA along with 80 serum samples from nondengue febrile illness patients.
RESULTS: The majority of the RDTs demonstrated low sensitivity but good specificity for detecting NS1 antigen. Detection of antidengue IgM antibodies by RDTs demonstrated low sensitivity ranging from 27.8% to 77.7%. However, specificity was generally higher (50%–86.2%) and more consistent across the assays.
CONCLUSION: The study results differed markedly from the RDTs manufacturers’ claimed performance characteristics. Therefore, the RDT results should be interpreted cautiously and ELISA should be performed as far as possible for serodiagnosis of dengue virus infection.
XCO2 in an emission hot-spot region: the COCCON Paris campaign 2015
Authors: Vogel Felix R. , Frey Matthias , Staufer Johannes , Hase Frank , Broquet Grégoire , Xueref-Remy Irène , Chevallier Frédéric , Ciais Philippe , Sha Mahesh Kumar , Chelin Pascale , Jeseck Pascal , Janssen Christof , Té Yao , Groß Jochen , Blumenstock Thomas , Tu Qiansi , Orphal Johannes 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Providing timely information on urban greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and
their trends to stakeholders relies on reliable measurements of atmospheric
concentrations and the understanding of how local emissions and atmospheric
transport influence these observations. Portable Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers were deployed at five stations
in the Paris metropolitan area to provide column-averaged
concentrations of CO2 (XCO2) during a field campaign in spring of
2015, as part of the Collaborative Carbon Column Observing Network (COCCON).
Here, we describe and analyze the variations of XCO2 observed at
different sites and how they changed over time. We find that observations
upwind and downwind of the city centre differ significantly in their
XCO2 concentrations, while the overall variability of the daily cycle
is similar, i.e. increasing during night-time with a strong decrease
(typically 2–3 ppm) during the afternoon. An atmospheric transport model framework (CHIMERE-CAMS) was used to simulate
XCO2 and predict the same behaviour seen in the observations, which
supports key findings, e.g. that even in a densely populated region like
Paris (over 12 million people), biospheric uptake of CO2 can be of
major influence on daily XCO2 variations. Despite a general offset
between modelled and observed XCO2, the model correctly predicts the
impact of the meteorological parameters (e.g. wind direction and speed) on
the concentration gradients between different stations. When analyzing local
gradients of XCO2 for upwind and downwind station pairs, those local gradients are found to
be less sensitive to changes in XCO2 boundary conditions and biogenic
fluxes within the domain and we find the model–data agreement further
improves. Our modelling framework indicates that the local XCO2
gradient between the stations is dominated by the fossil fuel CO2
signal of the Paris metropolitan area. This further highlights the potential
usefulness of XCO2 observations to help optimize future urban GHG
emission estimates.
Evidence of high N2 fixation rates in the temperate northeast Atlantic
Authors: Fonseca-Batista Debany , Li Xuefeng , Riou Virginie , Michotey Valérie , Deman Florian , Fripiat François , Guasco Sophie , Brion Natacha , Lemaitre Nolwenn , Tonnard Manon , Gallinari Morgane , Planquette Hélène , Planchon Frédéric , Sarthou Géraldine , Elskens Marc , LaRoche Julie , Chou Lei , Dehairs Frank 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Diazotrophic activity and primary
production (PP) were investigated along two transects (Belgica BG2014/14 and
GEOVIDE cruises) off the western Iberian Margin and the Bay of Biscay in
May 2014. Substantial N2 fixation activity was observed at 8 of the
10 stations sampled, ranging overall from 81 to
384 µmol N m−2 d−1 (0.7 to
8.2 nmol N L−1 d−1), with two sites close to the Iberian Margin
situated between 38.8 and 40.7∘ N yielding rates reaching up to 1355
and 1533 µmol N m−2 d−1. Primary production was
relatively lower along the Iberian Margin, with rates ranging from 33 to
59 mmol C m−2 d−1, while it increased towards the northwest
away from the peninsula, reaching as high as
135 mmol C m−2 d−1. In agreement with the area-averaged Chl a
satellite data contemporaneous with our study period, our results revealed
that post-bloom conditions prevailed at most sites, while at the
northwesternmost station the bloom was still ongoing. When converted to
carbon uptake using Redfield stoichiometry, N2 fixation could
support 1 % to 3 % of daily PP in the euphotic layer at most sites,
except at the two most active sites where this contribution to daily PP could
reach up to 25 %. At the two sites where N2 fixation activity
was the highest, the prymnesiophyte–symbiont Candidatus
Atelocyanobacterium thalassa (UCYN-A) dominated the nifH sequence
pool, while the remaining recovered sequences belonged to non-cyanobacterial
phylotypes. At all the other sites, however, the recovered nifH
sequences were exclusively assigned phylogenetically to non-cyanobacterial
phylotypes. The intense N2 fixation activities recorded at the time
of our study were likely promoted by the availability of
phytoplankton-derived organic matter produced during the spring bloom, as
evidenced by the significant surface particulate organic carbon
concentrations. Also, the presence of excess phosphorus signature in surface
waters seemed to contribute to sustaining N2 fixation, particularly
at the sites with extreme activities. These results provide a mechanistic
understanding of the unexpectedly high N2 fixation in productive
waters of the temperate North Atlantic and highlight the importance of
N2 fixation for future assessment of the global N inventory.
Attributing the 2017 Bangladesh floods from meteorological and hydrological perspectives
Authors: Philip Sjoukje , Sparrow Sarah , Kew Sarah F. , van der Wiel Karin , Wanders Niko , Singh Roop , Hassan Ahmadul , Mohammed Khaled , Javid Hammad , Haustein Karsten , Otto Friederike E. L. , Hirpa Feyera , Rimi Ruksana H. , Islam A. K. M. Saiful , Wallom David C. H. , van Oldenborgh Geert Jan 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. In August 2017 Bangladesh faced one of its worst river flooding events in
recent history. This paper presents, for the first time, an attribution of this
precipitation-induced flooding to anthropogenic climate change from a
combined meteorological and hydrological perspective. Experiments were
conducted with three observational datasets and two climate models to
estimate changes in the extreme 10-day precipitation event frequency over the
Brahmaputra basin up to the present and, additionally, an outlook to 2 ∘C warming since pre-industrial times.
The precipitation fields were then used as meteorological input for four
different hydrological models to estimate the corresponding changes in river
discharge, allowing for comparison between approaches and for the robustness
of the attribution results to be assessed. In all three observational precipitation datasets the climate change trends
for extreme precipitation similar to that observed in August 2017 are not
significant, however in two out of three series, the sign of this
insignificant trend is positive. One climate model ensemble shows a
significant positive influence of anthropogenic climate change, whereas the
other large ensemble model simulates a cancellation between the increase due
to greenhouse gases (GHGs) and a decrease due to sulfate aerosols. Considering
discharge rather than precipitation, the hydrological models show that
attribution of the change in discharge towards higher values is somewhat less
uncertain than in precipitation, but the 95 % confidence intervals still
encompass no change in risk. Extending the analysis to the future, all models
project an increase in probability of extreme events at 2 ∘C global
heating since pre-industrial times, becoming more than 1.7 times more likely
for high 10-day precipitation and being more likely by a factor of about 1.5 for
discharge. Our best estimate on the trend in flooding events similar to the
Brahmaputra event of August 2017 is derived by synthesizing the observational
and model results: we find the change in risk to be greater than 1 and of
a similar order of magnitude (between 1 and 2) for both the meteorological and
hydrological approach. This study shows that, for precipitation-induced
flooding events, investigating changes in precipitation is useful, either as
an alternative when hydrological models are not available or as an
additional measure to confirm qualitative conclusions. Besides this, it highlights
the importance of using multiple models in attribution studies, particularly
where the climate change signal is not strong relative to natural variability
or is confounded by other factors such as aerosols.