bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and genetic validity of quantitative bipolarity
Authors: Bruce Heather A. , Kochunov Peter , Mitchell Braxton , Strauss Kevin A. , Ament Seth A. , Rowland Laura M. , Du Xiaoming , Fisseha Feven , Kavita Thangavelu , Chiappelli Joshua , Wisner Krista , Sampath Hemalatha , Chen Shuo , Kvarta Mark D. , Seneviratne Chamindi , Postolache Teodor T. , Bellon Alfredo , McMahon Francis J. , Shuldiner Alan , Elliot Hong L. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractResearch has yet to provide a comprehensive understanding of the genetic basis of bipolar disorder (BP). In genetic studies, defining the phenotype by diagnosis may miss risk-allele carriers without BP. The authors aimed to test whether quantitatively detected subclinical symptoms of bipolarity identifies a heritable trait that infers risk for BP. The Quantitative Bipolarity Scale (QBS) was administered to 310 Old Order Amish or Mennonite individuals from multigenerational pedigrees; 110 individuals had psychiatric diagnoses (20 BP, 61 major depressive disorders (MDD), 3 psychotic disorders, 26 other psychiatric disorders). Familial aggregation of QBS was calculated using the variance components method to derive heritability and shared household effects. The QBS score was significantly higher in BP subjects (31.5 ± 3.6) compared to MDD (16.7 ± 2.0), other psychiatric diagnoses (7.0 ± 1.9), and no psychiatric diagnosis (6.0 ± 0.65) (all p < 0.001). QBS in the whole sample was significantly heritable (h2 = 0.46 ± 0.15, p < 0.001) while the variance attributed to the shared household effect was not significant (p = 0.073). When subjects with psychiatric illness were removed, the QBS heritability was similar (h2 = 0.59 ± 0.18, p < 0.001). These findings suggest that quantitative bipolarity as measured by QBS can separate BP from other psychiatric illnesses yet is significantly heritable with and without BP included in the pedigrees suggesting that the quantitative bipolarity describes a continuous heritable trait that is not driven by a discrete psychiatric diagnosis. Bipolarity trait assessment may be used to supplement the diagnosis of BP in future genetic studies and could be especially useful for capturing subclinical genetic contributions to a BP phenotype.
Gastroesophageal reflux GWAS identifies risk loci that also associate with subsequent severe esophageal diseases
Authors: An Jiyuan , Gharahkhani Puya , Law Matthew H. , Ong Jue-Sheng , Han Xikun , Olsen Catherine M. , Neale Rachel E. , Lai John , Vaughan Tom L. , Gockel Ines , Thieme René , Böhmer Anne C. , Jankowski Janusz , Fitzgerald Rebecca C. , Schumacher Johannes , Palles Claire ,   BEACON, Gammon Marilie D. , Corley Douglas A. , Shaheen Nicholas J. , Bird Nigel C. , Hardie Laura J. , Murray Liam J. , Reid Brian J. , Chow Wong-Ho , Risch Harvey A. , Ye Weimin , Liu Geoffrey , Romero Yvonne , Bernstein Leslie , Wu Anna H. ,   23andMe Research Team, Agee M. , Alipanahi B. , Auton A. , Bell R. K. , Bryc K. , Elson S. L. , Fontanillas P. , Furlotte N. A. , Hinds D. A. , Huber K. E. , Kleinman A. , Litterman N. K. , McIntyre M. H. , Mountain J. L. , Noblin E. S. , Northover C. A. M. , Pitts S. J. , Sathirapongsasuti J. Fah , Sazonova O. V. , Shelton J. F. , Shringarpure S. , Tian C. , Tung J. Y. , Vacic V. , Wilson C. H. , Whiteman David C. , MacGregor Stuart 
Published: September 2019

AbstractGastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is caused by gastric acid entering the esophagus. GERD has high prevalence and is the major risk factor for Barrett’s esophagus (BE) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA). We conduct a large GERD GWAS meta-analysis (80,265 cases, 305,011 controls), identifying 25 independent genome-wide significant loci for GERD. Several of the implicated genes are existing or putative drug targets. Loci discovery is greatest with a broad GERD definition (including cases defined by self-report or medication data). Further, 91% of the GERD risk-increasing alleles also increase BE and/or EA risk, greatly expanding gene discovery for these traits. Our results map genes for GERD and related traits and uncover potential new drug targets for these conditions.
Quantification of the Whole Lymph Node Vasculature Based on Tomography of the Vessel Corrosion Casts
Authors: Jafarnejad M. , Ismail A. Z. , Duarte D. , Vyas C. , Ghahramani A. , Zawieja D. C. , Lo Celso C. , Poologasundarampillai G. , Moore J. E. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLymph nodes (LN) are crucial for immune function, and comprise an important interface between the blood and lymphatic systems. Blood vessels (BV) in LN are highly specialized, featuring high endothelial venules across which most of the resident lymphocytes crossed. Previous measurements of overall lymph and BV flow rates demonstrated that fluid also crosses BV walls, and that this is important for immune function. However, the spatial distribution of the BV in LN has not been quantified to the degree necessary to analyse the distribution of transmural fluid movement. In this study, we seek to quantify the spatial localization of LNBV, and to predict fluid movement across BV walls. MicroCT imaging of murine popliteal LN showed that capillaries were responsible for approximately 75% of the BV wall surface area, and that this was mostly distributed around the periphery of the node. We then modelled blood flow through the BV to obtain spatially resolved hydrostatic pressures, which were then combined with Starling’s law to predict transmural flow. Much of the total 10 nL/min transmural flow (under normal conditions) was concentrated in the periphery, corresponding closely with surface area distribution. These results provide important insights into the inner workings of LN, and provide a basis for further exploration of the role of LN flow patterns in normal and pathological functions.
Microstructure analysis and mechanical properties of phosphorus-reinforced ZCuPb20Sn5 alloy
Authors: Ren Xiao-yan , Zhang Xin , Hong Xu , REN Jiping 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAn investigation was carried out to assess the effect of the P content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of ZCuPb20Sn5 alloy. Alloys of various compositions, (0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5% wt.% P) were melted in a melting furnace under 1200 °C and cast into metal mould, the hardness, strength and elongation of alloy castings which adding P or not in melting process were tested and the casting mircostructure was analyzed. The results show that the second phase appeared and gradually increased in amount with the content of P elements increased. Also, the microstructure of ZCuPb20Sn5 alloy was refined, and the average size of lead inclusions was reduced and formed a dispersed network of eutectoid inclusions.The addition of P had a beneficial effect on the microstructure and properties of ZCuPb20Sn5 alloy. The hardness and tensile strength of ZCuPb20Sn5 alloy increased, but the elongation increased at first, then decreased, when the P content increased. When the P content was less than 0.1 wt.%, the functions of phosphorous copper mainly was used as a deoxidizing initial gas, but when exceeded 0.1 wt.%, a second phase reinforcing particle formed with copper or nickel together, which improved the mechanical properties of the alloy. However, the elongation was lowered due to the brittle phosphide phase.
Extension of the Coherence Time by Generating MW Dressed States in a Single NV Centre in Diamond
Authors: Morishita H. , Tashima T. , Mima D. , Kato H. , Makino T. , Yamasaki S. , Fujiwara M. , Mizuochi N. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNitrogen-vacancy (NV) centres in diamond hold promise in quantum sensing applications. A major interest in them is an enhancement of their sensitivity by the extension of the coherence time (T2). In this report, we experimentally generated more than four dressed states in a single NV centre in diamond based on Autler-Townes splitting (ATS). We also observed the extension of the coherence time to T2 ~ 1.5 ms which is more than two orders of magnitude longer than that of the undressed states. As an example of a quantum application using these results we propose a protocol of quantum sensing, which shows more than an order of magnitude enhancement in the sensitivity.
Human Odour Coding in the Yellow Fever Mosquito, Aedes aegypti
Authors: Chen Zhou , Liu Feng , Liu Nannan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractInsects use their olfactory systems to obtain chemical information on mating partners, oviposition sites and food. The yellow fever mosquitoAedes aegypti, an important vector of human infectious diseases, shows strong preference for human blood meals. This study investigated the chemical basis of host detection by characterizing the neuronal responses of antennal olfactory sensilla of femaleAe. aegyptito 103 compounds from human skin emanations. The effect of blood feeding on the responses of olfactory sensilla to these odorants was examined as well. Sensilla SBTII, GP, and three functional subtypes of SST (SST1, SST2, and SST3) responded to most of the compounds tested. Olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) ‘A’ and ‘B’ in the trichoid sensilla, either activated or inhibited, were involved in the odour coding process. Compounds from different chemical classes elicited responses with different temporal structures and different response patterns across the olfactory sensilla. Except for their increased responses to several odorants, blood-fed mosquitoes generally evoked reduced responses to specific aldehydes, alcohols, aliphatics/aromatics, ketones, and amines through the SST1, SST2, SBTI, SBTII and GP sensilla. The odorants eliciting diminished responses in female mosquitoes after blood feeding may be important inAe. aegyptihost-seeking activity and thus can be candidates for mosquito attractants in the process of this disease vector management.
HPV-positive status associated with inflamed immune microenvironment and improved response to anti-PD-1 therapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Jian , Sun Hao , Zeng Qin , Guo Xue-Jun , Wang Hui , Liu Huan-Huan , Dong Zhong-Yi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractChemotherapy and radiotherapy predominantly improve the clinical outcomes of patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)-related head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Whether this superiority goes on when treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors is still unclear. This study sought to determine the predictive value and potential mechanisms of HPV status for the treatment of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/ligand 1(PD-L1) inhibitors. We conducted an integrated analysis of the relationships between HPV status and PD-L1, tumor mutation burden (TMB) and inflammation-related immune cells and molecules, based on the analysis of repository databases and resected HNSCC specimens. The pooled analysis of overall survival (OS) and objective response rate (ORR) suggested that HPV-positive patients benefited more from PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors than HPV-negative patients (OS: hazard ratio (HR) = 0.71, p = 0.02; ORR: 21.9% vs 14.1%, odds ratio (OR) = 1.79, p = 0.01). Analysis of public databases and resected HNSCC specimens revealed that HPV status was independent of PD-L1 expression and TMB in HNSCC. However, HPV infection significantly increased T-cell infiltration, immune effector cell activation and the diversity of T-cell receptors. Notably, HPV-positivity correlated with increased immune cytolytic activity and a T-cell-inflamed gene expression profile. This work provides evidence that HPV status can be used to predict the effectiveness of PD-1 inhibitors in HNSCC, independently of PD-L1 expression and TMB, and probably results from an inflamed immune microenvironment induced by HPV infection.
Potent Phytotoxic Harziane Diterpenes from a Soft Coral-Derived Strain of the Fungus Trichoderma harzianum XS-20090075
Authors: Zhao Dong-Lin , Yang Lu-Jia , Shi Ting , Wang Chao-Yi , Shao Chang-Lun , Wang Chang-Yun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTwo new harziane diterpene lactones, possessing a 6/5/7/5-fused carbocyclic core containing a lactone ring system, harzianelactones A and B (1 and 2), and five new harziane diterpenes, harzianones A–D (3–6) and harziane (7), were isolated from the soft coral-derived fungus Trichoderma harzianum XS-20090075. Their structures were determined by extensive NMR spectroscopic data, ECD and OR calculations, as well as X-ray diffraction. The isolated compounds exhibited potent phytotoxicity against seedling growth of amaranth and lettuce. Harziane diterpenes were rarely reported for their remarkably bioactivities, and it was the first report to study the phytotoxicity of harziane diterpenes, which provide a new application of such compounds in agriculture for future research.
Defence priming in Arabidopsis – a Meta-Analysis
Authors: Westman Sara M. , Kloth Karen J. , Hanson Johannes , Ohlsson Anna B. , Albrectsen Benedicte R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDefence priming by organismal and non-organismal stimulants can reduce effects of biotic stress in plants. Thus, it could help efforts to enhance the sustainability of agricultural production by reducing use of agrochemicals in protection of crops from pests and diseases. We have explored effects of applying this approach to both Arabidopsis plants and seeds of various crops in meta-analyses. The results show that its effects on Arabidopsis plants depend on both the priming agent and antagonist. Fungi and vitamins can have strong priming effects, and priming is usually more effective against bacterial pathogens than against herbivores. Moreover, application of bio-stimulants (particularly vitamins and plant defence elicitors) to seeds can have promising defence priming effects. However, the published evidence is scattered, does not include Arabidopsis, and additional studies are required before we can draw general conclusions and understand the molecular mechanisms involved in priming of seeds’ defences. In conclusion, defence priming of plants has clear potential and application of bio-stimulants to seeds may protect plants from an early age, promises to be both labour- and resource-efficient, poses very little environmental risk, and is thus both economically and ecologically promising.
All-optical Reflection-mode Microscopic Histology of Unstained Human Tissues
Authors: Abbasi Saad , Le Martin , Sonier Bazil , Dinakaran Deepak , Bigras Gilbert , Bell Kevan , Mackey John R. , Haji Reza Parsin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSurgical oncologists depend heavily on visual field acuity during cancer resection surgeries for in-situ margin assessment. Clinicians must wait up to two weeks for results from a pathology lab to confirm a post-operative diagnosis, potentially resulting in subsequent treatments. Currently, there are no clinical tools that can visualize diagnostically pertinent tissue information in-situ. Here, we present the first microscopy capable of non-contact label-free visualization of human cellular morphology in a reflection-mode apparatus. This is possible with the recently reported imaging modality called photoacoustic remote sensing microscopy which enables non-contact detection of optical absorption contrast. By taking advantage of the 266-nanometer optical absorption peak of DNA, photoacoustic remote sensing is efficacious in recovering qualitatively similar nuclear information in comparison to that provided by the hematoxylin stain in the gold-standard hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) prepared samples. A photoacoustic remote sensing system was employed utilizing a 266-nanometer pulsed excitation beam to induce photoacoustic pressures within the sample resulting in refractive index modulation of the optical absorber. A 1310-nanometer continuous-wave interrogation beam detects these perturbed regions as back reflected intensity variations due to the changes in the local optical properties. Using this technique, clinically useful histologic images of human tissue samples including breast cancer (invasive ductal carcinoma), tonsil, gastrointestinal, and pancreatic tissue images were formed. These were qualitatively comparable to standard H&E prepared samples.
Sensitivity of winter North Atlantic-European climate to resolved atmosphere and ocean dynamics
Authors: Haarsma Reindert J. , García-Serrano Javier , Prodhomme Chloé , Bellprat Omar , Davini Paolo , Drijfhout Sybren 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNorthern Hemisphere western boundary currents, like the Gulf Stream, are key regions for cyclogenesis affecting large-scale atmospheric circulation. Recent observations and model simulations with high-temporal and -spatial resolution have provided evidence that the associated ocean fronts locally affect troposphere dynamics. A coherent view of how this affects the mean climate and its variability is, however, lacking. In particular the separate role of resolved ocean and atmosphere dynamics in shaping the atmospheric circulation is still largely unknown. Here we demonstrate for the first time, by using coupled seasonal forecast experiments at different resolutions, that resolving meso-scale oceanic variability in the Gulf Stream region strongly affects mid-latitude interannual atmospheric variability, including the North Atlantic Oscillation. Its impact on climatology, however, is minor. Increasing atmosphere resolution to meso-scale, on the other hand, strongly affects mean climate but moderately its variability. We also find that regional predictability relies on adequately resolving small-scale atmospheric processes, while resolving small-scale oceanic processes acts as an unpredictable source of noise, except for the North Atlantic storm-track where the forcing of the atmosphere translates into skillful predictions.
Infectious phage particles packaging antibiotic resistance genes found in meat products and chicken feces
Authors: Gómez-Gómez Clara , Blanco-Picazo Pedro , Brown-Jaque Maryury , Quirós Pablo , Rodríguez-Rubio Lorena , Cerdà-Cuellar Marta , Muniesa Maite 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBacteriophages can package part of their host’s genetic material, including antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), contributing to a rapid dissemination of resistances among bacteria. Phage particles containing ARGs were evaluated in meat, pork, beef and chicken minced meat, and ham and mortadella, purchased in local retailer. Ten ARGs (blaTEM, blaCTX-M-1, blaCTX-M-9, blaOXA-48, blaVIM, qnrA, qnrS, mecA, armA and sul1) were analyzed by qPCR in the phage DNA fraction. The genes were quantified, before and after propagation experiments in Escherichia coli, to evaluate the ability of ARG-carrying phage particles to infect and propagate in a bacterial host. According to microbiological parameters, all samples were acceptable for consumption. ARGs were detected in most of the samples after particle propagation indicating that at least part of the isolated phage particles were infectious, being sul1the most abundant ARG in all the matrices followed by β-lactamase genes. ARGs were also found in the phage DNA fraction of thirty-seven archive chicken cecal samples, confirming chicken fecal microbiota as an important ARG reservoir and the plausible origin of the particles found in meat. Phages are vehicles for gene transmission in meat that should not be underestimated as a risk factor in the global crisis of antibiotic resistance.
Neuronal precursor cells with dopaminergic commitment in the rostral migratory stream of the mouse
Authors: Schweyer Kerstin , Rüschoff-Steiner Corinna , Arias-Carrión Oscar , Oertel Wolfgang H. , Rösler Thomas W. , Höglinger Günter U. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNeuroblasts born in the subventricular zone of adult mammals migrate via the rostral migratory stream into the granular cell layer or periglomerular layer of the olfactory bulb to differentiate into interneurons. To analyze if new neurons in the granular cell layer or periglomerular layer have different origins, we inserted a physical barrier into the rostral migratory stream, depleted cell proliferation with cytarabine infusions, labeled newborn cells with bromodeoxyuridine, and sacrificed mice after short-term (0, 2, or 14 days) or long-term (55 or 105 days) intervals. After short-term survival, the subventricular zone and rostral migratory stream rapidly repopulated with bromodeoxyuridine+ cells after cytarabine-induced depletion. Nestin, glial fibrillary acidic protein and the PAX6 were expressed in bromodeoxyuridine+ cells within the rostral migratory stream downstream of the physical barrier. After long-term survival after physical barrier implantation, bromodeoxyuridine+ neurons were significantly reduced in the granular cell layer, but bromodeoxyuridine+ and dopaminergic neurons in the periglomerular layer remained unaffected by the physical barrier. Thus, newborn neurons for the granular cell layer are mainly recruited from neural stem cells located in the subventricular zone, but new neurons for the periglomerular layer with dopaminergic predisposition can rise as well from neuronal stem or precursor cells in the rostral migratory stream.
Transcriptome-based identification and characterization of genes responding to imidacloprid in Myzus persicae
Authors: Meng Jianyu , Chen Xingjiang , Zhang Changyu 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMyzus persicae is a serious and widespread agricultural pest, against which, imidacloprid remains an effective control measure. However, recent reports indicate that this aphid has evolved and developed resistance to imidacloprid. This study aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and genetic basis of this resistance by conducting comparative transcriptomics studies on both imidacloprid-resistant (IR) and imidacloprid-susceptible (IS) M. persicae. The comparative analysis identified 252 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among the IR and IS M. persicae transcriptomes. These candidate genes included 160 and 92 genes that were down- and up-regulated, respectively, in the imidacloprid-resistant strain. Using functional classification in the GO and KEGG databases, 187 DEGs were assigned to 303 functional subcategories and 100 DEGs were classified into 45 pathway groups. Moreover, several genes were associated with known insecticide targets, cuticle, metabolic processes, and oxidative phosphorylation. Quantitative real-time PCR of 10 DEGs confirmed the trends observed in the RNA sequencing expression profiles. These findings provide a valuable basis for further investigation into the complicated mechanisms of imidacloprid resistance in M. persicae.
Diel patterns of microphytobenthic primary production in intertidal sediments: the role of photoperiod on the vertical migration circadian rhythm
Authors: Haro S. , Bohórquez J. , Lara M. , Garcia-Robledo E. , González C. J. , Crespo J. M. , Papaspyrou S. , Corzo A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDiel primary production patterns of intertidal microphytobenthos (MPB) have been attributed to short-term physiological changes in the photosynthetic apparatus or to diel changes in the photoautotrophic biomass in the sediment photic layer due to vertical migration. Diel changes in primary production and vertical migration are entrained by external factors like photoperiod and tides. However, the role of photoperiod and tides has not been experimentally separated to date. Here, we performed laboratory experiments with sediment cores kept in immersion, in the absence of tides, with photoperiod or under continuous light. Measurements of net production, made with O2 microsensors, and of spectral reflectance at the sediment surface showed that, in intertidal sediments, the photoperiod signal was the major driver of the diel patterns of net primary production and sediment oxygen availability through the vertical migration of the MPB photoautotrophic biomass. Vertical migration was controlled by an endogenous circadian rhythm entrained by photoperiod in the absence of tides. The pattern progressively disappeared after 3 days in continuous light but was immediately reset by photoperiod. Even though a potential contribution of a subjective in situ tidal signal cannot be completely discarded, Fourier and cross spectral analysis of temporal patterns indicated that the photosynthetic circadian rhythm was mainly characterized by light/dark migratory cycles.