bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of a Multimodal Pain Management Order Set Reduces Perioperative Opioid Use after Liver Transplantation
Authors: Tong Kimhouy , Nolan William , O'Sullivan David M. , Sheiner Patricia , Kutzler Heather L. 
Published: August 2019

Study ObjectiveNonopioid strategies to optimize pain management in patients after liver transplantation remain underexplored. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the use of a multimodal pain management (MPM) order set would reduce postoperative opioid use in adult patients after liver transplantation.DesignRetrospective pre– and post–order set implementation study.SettingLarge academic tertiary care hospital.PatientsThirty‐one adults who underwent liver transplantation were included; of these, 18 received provider‐managed pain regimens (pre‐MPM group: August 20, 2016–January 17, 2018), and 13 received the MPM order set (post‐MPM group: January 18–July 31, 2018) after implementation of the order set on January 18, 2018.Measurements and Main ResultsThe MPM order set included standardized receipt of acetaminophen 650 mg every 6 hours, gabapentin 300 mg every 8 hours (adjusted for renal function), and opioids for breakthrough pain. Patients managed with the MPM order set received, on average, 30.6 fewer opioid morphine milligram equivalents per day after final extubation than patients who did not receive MPM (median 16, interquartile range [IQR] 4.5–45.6 vs median 46.6, IQR 30.1–75.2; Mann‐Whitney U test, p=0.031). Although patients in the post‐MPM group had significantly worse renal function at baseline, no other statistically significant differences in baseline characteristics, pain scores, or prescribed outpatient opioids were noted between groups. Patients in the pre‐MPM group had a shorter intensive care unit and overall length of stay; however, patients in the post‐MPM group may have had more complex postoperative courses contributing to these differences.ConclusionImplementation of the MPM order set significantly reduced postoperative opioid use in liver transplant recipients. Our results provide a compelling rationale to further investigate the use of a non–opioid‐centered strategy to optimize pain management in patients recovering from liver transplantation, a population vulnerable to the risks of opioid use such as opioid use disorder, increased susceptibility to adverse effects, and poor allograft and survival outcomes.
Novel azomethine Pd (II)‐ and VO (II)‐based metallo‐pharmaceuticals as anticancer, antimicrobial, and antioxidant agents: Design, structural inspection, DFT investigation, and DNA interaction
Authors: Abu‐Dief Ahmed M. , Abdel‐Rahman Laila H. , Shehata Mohamed R. , Abdel‐Mawgoud Azza A. Hassan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe new NO bidentate imine ligand, namely, (2‐[(3‐nitro‐benzylidene)‐amino]‐benzoic acid) (NBA) imine ligand (L), and its Pd (II) and VO (II) complexes have been synthesized and characterized by utilizing different physiochemical methods including elemental analyses, Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), molar conductance, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The stability constant of these complexes has also been determined. In studies of these complexes, they were found to have [M(L)] composition where the ligand acts as a bidentate and coordinates with the various metal ions through azomethine and one oxygen atom. Moreover, the suggested geometrical structure of Pd (II) and VO (II) complexes is square planar and a distorted square pyramid, respectively. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations for the different metal complexes were studied and show a good agreement with the experiment data. The minimum inhibitory concentration method has been applied to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, the interaction of calf thymus DNA with the metal‐imine chelates has been assessed, and Pd (II) complex showed the strongest interaction with DNA for a binding constant value of (9.72 × 104 kcal mol−1). The cytotoxic activity of the new metal chelates has been evaluated against three human cancer cell lines (hepatic carcinoma HepG2 cells, breast carcinoma cells MCF‐7, and colon carcinoma cells HCT‐116). It has found that NBAPd complex exhibited a significant decrease in the time and dose of the cell viability than did the reference drug vinblastine. The antioxidant activity of the tested compounds was determined and compared with that of vitamin C as a standard drug. It has been found that the metal complexes exhibit higher activity than the free ligand. The finding from this investigation revealed that the new compounds are considered to be prospective antibiotic and anticancer agents.
Flight Heritage of Ammonium Dinitramide (ADN) Based High Performance Green Propulsion (HPGP) Systems
Authors: Persson Mathias , Anflo Kjell , Friedhoff Pete 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe flight heritage for ECAPS’ propulsion technology based of Ammonium DiNitramide (ADN), started 2010 with a successful 5 years on orbit demonstration mission of the PRISMA satellite. Since 2016, launches of satellites from 3 different continents continues to add to the flight heritage. Thirteen SkySat earth observation satellites with ADN‐based propulsion have added more than 28 years of accumulated flight heritage for LMP‐103S and ECAPS’ 1 N HPGP thrusters.
Metagenomic analysis reveals a rich bacterial content in high‐risk prostate tumors from African men
Authors: Feng Ye , Jaratlerdsiri Weerachai , Patrick Sean M. , Lyons Ruth J. , Haynes Anne‐Maree , Collins Colin C. , Stricker Phillip D. , Bornman M.S. Riana , Hayes Vanessa M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundInflammation is a hallmark of prostate cancer (PCa), yet no pathogenic agent has been identified. Men from Africa are at increased risk for both aggressive prostate disease and infection. We hypothesize that pathogenic microbes may be contributing, at least in part, to high‐risk PCa presentation within Africa and in turn the observed ethnic disparity.MethodsHere we reveal through metagenomic analysis of host‐derived whole‐genome sequencing data, the microbial content within prostate tumor tissue from 22 men. What is unique about this study is that patients were separated by ethnicity, African vs European, and environments, Africa vs Australia.ResultsWe identified 23 common bacterial genera between the African, Australian, and Chinese prostate tumor samples, while nonbacterial microbes were notably absent. While the most abundant genera across all samples included: Escherichia, Propionibacterium, and Pseudomonas, the core prostate tumor microbiota was enriched for Proteobacteria. We observed a significant increase in the richness of the bacterial communities within the African vs Australian samples (t = 4.6‐5.5; P = .0004‐.001), largely driven by eight predominant genera. Considering core human gut microbiota, African prostate tissue samples appear enriched for Escherichia and Acidovorax, with an abundance of Eubacterium associated with host tumor hypermutation.ConclusionsOur study provides suggestive evidence for the presence of a core, bacteria‐rich, prostate microbiome. While unable to exclude for fecal contamination, the observed increased bacterial content and richness within the African vs non‐African samples, together with elevated tumor mutational burden, suggests the possibility that bacterially‐driven oncogenic transformation within the prostate microenvironment may be contributing to aggressive disease presentation in Africa.
Multi‐annual contemporary flood event overbank sedimentation within the vegetated lower Orinoco floodplain, Venezuela
Authors: Rodríguez Militza , Steiger Johannes , Rosales Judith , Laraque Alain , López José Luis , Castellanos Bartolo , Guerrero Omar Antonio 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMulti‐annual contemporary flood event overbank sedimentation rates were quantified on the World's third largest river in terms of discharge, the tropical lower Orinoco. We discuss the role of variables at the basin and reach scales that contributed to the complexity of spatio‐temporal overbank sediment deposition patterns. Monitored in situ plots were characterized by distance to the main channel, hydroperiod, different geomorphological units, and vegetation cover. Flood event sedimentation rates showed a high spatial variability ranging from the absence of sediment deposition up to 225.46 kg m‐2 yr‐1. Banks and levees received relatively high amounts of sediment (39.6 kg m‐2 yr‐1), whereas observed mean sedimentation rates on the more distant floodplain and backswamps tended to be lower (17.7 kg m‐2 yr‐1). Significant differences in sedimentation rates were observed in two major vegetation types: dense herbaceous and shrubby vegetation (42.2 kg m‐2 yr‐1) and floodplain forest (12.7 kg m‐2 yr‐1). However, overbank sedimentation patterns also reflected imbricated hydrosedimentary and biogeomorphological vegetation feedbacks that co‐construct fluvial landforms. The incidence of an El Niño–Southern Oscillation–La Niña episode during the study period on sediment availability and floodplain sedimentation suggests that within whitewater rivers, where suspended sediment concentrations are naturally high, hydrological connectivity seems to be more important for floodplain sedimentation than variations in suspended sediment concentrations. These results may provide a good basis for future biogeomorphological investigation projects using complementary methodologies, in order to better anticipate global change and fluctuations in the occurrence, strength or duration of El Niño–La Niña episodes in the tropical zone and their consequences for flood discharge and sediment dynamics during channel–floodplain exchanges.
Biomic river restoration: A new focus for river management
Authors: Johnson Matthew F. , Thorne Colin R. , Castro Janine M. , Kondolf G. Mathias , Mazzacano Celeste Searles , Rood Stewart B. , Westbrook Cherie 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRiver management based solely on physical science has proven to be unsustainable and unsuccessful, evidenced by the fact that the problems this approach intended to solve (e.g., flood hazards, water scarcity, and channel instability) have not been solved and long‐term deterioration in river environments has reduced the capacity of rivers to continue meeting the needs of society. In response, there has been a paradigm shift in management over the past few decades, towards river restoration. But the ecological, morphological, and societal benefits of river restoration have, on the whole, been disappointing. We believe that this stems from the fact that restoration overrelies on the same physical analyses and approaches, with flowing water still regarded as the universally predominant driver of channel form and structural intervention seen as essential to influencing fluvial processes. We argue that if river restoration is to reverse long‐standing declines in river functions, it is necessary to recognize the influence of biology on river forms and processes and re‐envisage what it means to restore a river. This entails shifting the focus of river restoration from designing and constructing stable channels that mimic natural forms to reconnecting streams within balanced and healthy biomes, and so levering the power of biology to influence river processes. We define this new approach as biomic river restoration.
Design, Synthesis and Biological Assessment of Novel 2‐(4‐Alkoxybenzylidine)‐2,3‐dihydro‐5,6‐dimethoxy‐1H‐inden‐1‐one Derivatives as hAChE and hBuChE Enzyme Inhibitors
Authors: Mozaffarnia Sakineh , Parsaee Faeze , Payami Elmira , Karami Hosna , Soltani Somaieh , Rashidi Mohammad‐Reza , Teimuri‐Mofrad Reza 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA novel series of 2‐(4‐alkoxybenzylidine)‐2,3‐dihydro‐5,6‐dimethoxy‐1H‐inden‐1‐one derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE) and human butyrylcholinesterase (hBuChE) enzymes. The in vitro studies showed that some of these molecules exhibited a significant ability to inhibit AChE and BuChE. Among them, 2‐[4‐[2‐(piperidine‐1‐yl)ethoxy]benzylidine]‐2,3‐dihydro‐5,6‐dimethoxy‐1H‐inden‐1‐one exhibited the most potent inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 0.3 and 7.4 μM for AChE and BuChE, respectively. This compound was found to be less toxic than donepezil.
Hydrogen Bonding versus H−H Interactions in Pillar[n]arenes
Authors: Athare Sulakshana V. , Gejji Shridhar P. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe employ the ωB97x based density functional theory to explore the electronic structure and bonding features of macrocyclic hosts composed of hydroquinone aromatic units endowed with pillar‐like structure, namely the pillar[n]arenes (Pn, n=5–8, 10, 12) family. It has been shown that Pn (n=5–7) possess single‐cavitand structure. The stability of P5‐P7 hosts is governed by C−H−O cooperative hydrogen bonding. A gradual decrease in C−H−O cooperative hydrogen bonding along the P5–P7 series was noticed. The homologated Pn (n=8, 10, 12) hosts on the other hand, favour the conformer wherein the methylene groups at the bridging position orient mutually at an angle of ∼64° which engender a noncavitand structure which can be attributed to H−H interactions prevailing over C−H−O cooperative hydrogen bonding. Besides P8 and P10 hosts furnish bi‐cavitand structures comprised of cavities with four and five monomeric hydroquinone units (P8–44 and P10–55) 42.9 kJ mol−1 and 79.7 kJ mol−1 higher in energy, respectively over their lowest energy twisted conformer. Moreover, P12 scaffold bicavitand conformers with (i) each cavity composed of six hydroquinone units (P12–66) and (ii) one cavity with seven and other with five hydroquinone units (P12–75) were also characterized. Unlike the lower Pn hosts H−H interactions contribute largely to the twisted conformers of Pn (n≥8) while cooperative CH−O hydrogen bonding dominates in their bicavitand structures. These inferences are corroborated through the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules.
Selective Hypoxia‐Cytotoxin 7‐Fluoro‐2‐Aminophenazine 5,10‐Dioxide: Toward “Candidate‐to‐Drug” Stage in the Drug‐Development Pipeline
Authors: Dávila Belén , Sánchez Carina , Fernández Marcelo , Cerecetto Hugo , Lecot Nicole , Cabral Pablo , Glisoni Romina , González Mercedes 
Published: August 2019

Abstract7‐Fluoro‐2‐aminophenazine 5,10‐dioxide, 1, has displayed in vitro bioreductive selective cytotoxicity, which could acts towards tumors containing hypoxic regions. In this work, we describe some preclinical studies of compound 1 confirming its in vivo antitumor activity. The synthesis of compound 1 was scaled up to 3 g improving the micro‐scale yield. Some drug‐like properties for compound 1 were theoretically‐predicted and others, i. e. aqueous‐solubility and toxicity ‐mutagenicity, in vivo chromosomal‐aberrations and ip acute LD50‐, were experimentally confirmed. Antitumoral activity was studied in mice bearing hypoxic 4T1‐breast‐tumor by assessing evolution of the tumor‐sizes, animal‐survival and bio‐chemical/hematological. Compound 1 in vivo efficacy, with the absence of systemic toxicity, was confirmed.. Results highlight the potential of 7‐fluoro‐2‐aminophenazine 5,10‐dioxide as promissory therapeutic agent for solid tumors.
Microwave‐Assisted Multicomponent Reaction: A Green and Catalyst‐Free Method for the Synthesis of Poly‐Functionalized 1,4‐Dihydropyridines
Authors: Maddila Suresh , Nagaraju Kerru , Chinnam Sampath , Jonnalagadda Sreekantha B 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA facile and an efficient procedure for the synthesis of poly‐substituted 1,4‐dihydropyridine derivatives under catalyst‐free conditions has been established by a one‐pot multi‐component reaction in EtOH solvent under microwave irradiation (150 W). The remarkable benefits of this approach are: simple operation, non‐toxic, short reaction time (< 5 min), excellent yields (93‐98%), no column chromatography, clean reaction profile and environmentally friendly reaction.
Acoustic context effects in speech perception
Authors: Stilp Christian 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe extreme acoustic variability of speech is well established, which makes the proficiency of human speech perception all the more impressive. Speech perception, like perception in any modality, is relative to context, and this provides a means to normalize the acoustic variability in the speech signal. Acoustic context effects in speech perception have been widely documented, but a clear understanding of how these effects relate to each other across stimuli, timescales, and acoustic domains is lacking. Here we review the influences that spectral context, temporal context, and spectrotemporal context have on speech perception. Studies are organized in terms of whether the context precedes the target (forward effects) or follows it (backward effects), and whether the context is adjacent to the target (proximal) or temporally removed from it (distal). Special cases where proximal and distal contexts have competing influences on perception are also considered. Across studies, a common theme emerges: acoustic differences between contexts and targets are perceptually magnified, producing contrast effects that facilitate perception of target sounds and words. This indicates enhanced sensitivity to changes in the acoustic environment, which maximizes the amount of potential information that can be transmitted to the perceiver.This article is categorized under:
Linguistics > Language in Mind and Brain
Psychology > Perception and Psychophysics
Task-evoked reconfiguration of the fronto-parietal network is associated with cognitive performance in brain tumor patients
Authors: De Baene Wouter , Jansma Martijn J. , Schouwenaars Irena T. , Rutten Geert-Jan M. , Sitskoorn Margriet M. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In healthy participants, the strength of task-evoked network reconfigurations is associated with cognitive performance across several cognitive domains. It is, however, unclear whether the capacity for network reconfiguration also plays a role in cognitive deficits in brain tumor patients. In the current study, we examined whether the level of reconfiguration of the fronto-parietal (‘FPN’) and default mode network (‘DMN’) during task execution is correlated with cognitive performance in patients with different types of brain tumors. For this purpose, we combined data from a resting state and task-fMRI paradigm in patients with a glioma or meningioma. Cognitive performance was measured using the in-scanner working memory task, as well as an out-of-scanner cognitive flexibility task. Task-evoked changes in functional connectivity strength (defined as the mean of the absolute values of all connections) and in functional connectivity patterns within and between the FPN and DMN did not differ significantly across meningioma and fast (HGG) and slowly growing glioma (LGG) patients. Across these brain tumor patients, a significant and positive correlation was found between the level of task-evoked reconfiguration of the FPN and cognitive performance. This suggests that the capacity for FPN reconfiguration also plays a role in cognitive deficits in brain tumor patients, as was previously found for normal cognitive performance in healthy controls.
Prediction of Response to Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy by MRI-Based Machine Learning Texture Analysis in Rectal Cancer Patients
Authors: Shayesteh Sajad P. , Alikhassi Afsaneh , Farhan Farshid , Gahletaki Reza , Soltanabadi Masume , Haddad Peiman , Bitarafan-Rajabi Ahmad 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Introduction
Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) followed by surgical resection is the standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). Radiomics can be used as noninvasive biomarker for prediction of response to therapy. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the association of MRI texture features of LARC with nCRT response and the effect of Laplacian of Gaussian (LoG) filter and feature selection algorithm in prediction process improvement.

Methods
All patients underwent MRI with a 3T clinical scanner, 1 week before nCRT. For each patient, intensity, shape, and texture-based features were derived from MRI images with LoG filter using the IBEX software and without preprocessing. We identified responder from a non-responder group using 9 machine learning classifiers. Then, the effect of preprocessing LoG filters with 0.5, 1 and 1.5 value on these classification algorithms’ performance was investigated. Eventually, classification algorithm’s results were compared in different feature selection methods.

Result
Sixty-seven patients with LARC were included in the study. Patients’ nCRT responses included 11 patients with Grade 0, 19 with Grade 1, 26 with Grade 2, and 11 with Grade 3 according to AJCC/CAP pathologic grading. In MR Images which were not preprocessed, the best performance was for Ada boost classifier (AUC = 74.8) with T2W MR Images. In T1W MR Images, the best performance was for aba boost classifier (AUC = 78.1) with a σ = 1 preprocessing LoG filter. In T2W MR Images, the best performance was for naive Bayesian network classifier (AUC = 85.1) with a σ = 0.5 preprocessing LoG filter. Also, performance of machine learning models with CfsSubsetEval (CF SUB E) feature selection algorithm was better than others.

Conclusion
Machine learning can be used as a response predictor model in LARC patients, but its performance should be improved. A preprocessing LoG filter can improve the machine learning methods performance and at the end, the effect of feature selection algorithm on model’s performance is clear.
Weeding Out Flawed Versions of Shareholder Primacy: A Reflection on the Moral Obligations That Carry Over from Principals to Agents
Authors: Mejia Santiago 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT:The distinction between what I call nonelective obligations and discretionary obligations, a distinction that focuses on one particular thread of the distinction between perfect and imperfect duties, helps us to identify the obligations that carry over from principals to agents. Clarity on this issue is necessary to identify the moral obligations within “shareholder primacy” (i.e., “shareholder theory”), which conceives of managers as agents of shareholders. My main claim is that the principal-agent relation requires agents to fulfill nonelective obligations, but it does not always require (and sometimes actually prohibits) discharging discretionary obligations. I show that the requirement to fulfill nonelective obligations is more far-reaching than has been acknowledged by most defenders and critics of shareholder primacy. But I also show that managers are not bound by certain discretionary obligations like charity, showing that their moral obligations are more circumscribed than the obligations that apply to human beings in general.
Hypersonic compression corner flow with large separated regions
Authors: Gai Sudhir L. , Khraibut Amna 
Published: August 2019

The structure of large-scale hypersonic boundary layer separation and reattachment is studied numerically using a flat plate/compression corner geometry. Apart from verifying the large scale separation characteristics in hypersonic flow, a detailed discussion of secondary separation and fragmentation into multiple vortices embedded within the main recirculation region is presented. The unique relation between the second minimum in shear stress and the scaled angle is highlighted in the context of the reverse flow singularity of Smith (Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A, vol. A420, 1988, pp. 21–52) and it appears that for a small wall temperature ratio, such a singularity is unlikely. It is shown that the size of the separation can be estimated in terms of Burggraf’s expression based on asymptotic theory.