bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Albumin–bilirubin score indicates liver fibrosis staging and prognosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Fujita Koji , Oura Kyoko , Yoneyama Hirohito , Shi Tingting , Takuma Kei , Nakahara Mai , Tadokoro Tomoko , Nomura Takako , Morishita Asahiro , Tsutsui Kunihiko , Himoto Takashi , Masaki Tsutomu 
Published: March 2019

AimAlbumin–bilirubin (ALBI) grade was investigated to predict prognosis of patients with cirrhosis. It was defined using the ALBI score calculated based on serum total bilirubin and albumin, which represent liver function. The diagnostic accuracy for liver fibrosis staging in patients with chronic hepatitis using the ALBI score has not been investigated well. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic abilities of the ALBI score for liver fibrosis staging in chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis in Japanese patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.MethodsJapanese patients with HCV infection who underwent liver biopsy examinations were enrolled in a retrospective study. Fibrosis staging and activity grading were assessed using the modified METAVIR score. The ALBI score was calculated according to the following equation: Log10 total bilirubin (μmol/L) × 0.66 + albumin (g/L) × (−0.085).ResultsA total of 382 patients were enrolled in this study. The ALBI score differentiated fibrosis stage 4 from 3 and stage 3 from 2 (P < 0.05). When an ALBI score of −2.125 was adopted as a cut‐off value, the sensitivity and specificity were 73.2% and 87.1%, respectively, with a positive likelihood ratio of 5.67 to differentiate stage 4 from stages 1–3. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that smaller ALBI scores at baseline correlated with better hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)‐free and overall survival (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe ALBI score indicates liver fibrosis staging in Japanese patients with HCV infection. Furthermore, smaller ALBI scores predict better HCC‐free survival and overall survival. The ALBI score has the potential to expand its application from cirrhosis to chronic hepatitis.
Clinical and epidemiological profile of patients attended in a vulvar clinic of the dermatology outpatient unit of a tertiary hospital during a 4‐year period
Authors: Goncalves Daniel Luiz M. , Romero Raissa L. , Ferreira Paula L. , Santi Cláudia G. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundVulvar complaints are among the most frequent causes for a woman to visit a healthcare provider. The diseases of this area of the body may be a challenge to diagnose. In this study, we assess epidemiologic and clinical data of patients in an outpatient vulvar clinic in the dermatology department of a tertiary hospital.MethodsWe performed an observational retrospective study of patients who attended our consultation service for vulvar diseases at the Dermatology Division at Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da USP during a 4‐year period. Data were obtained by patient medical records and by phone.ResultsDuring the 4‐year period under study, a total of 136 patients were treated in the outpatient service specialized in vulvar care. All patients were included in the study. The most frequent diagnoses were lichen sclerosus et atrophicus (64.7%), lichen planus (8.8%), and vitiligo (8%). We registered that 26.7% of the patients showed extravulvar involvement.ConclusionsWomen with vulvar diseases need specific care, considering not only genital aspects but also all skin changes. In this context, the dermatologist is a very well trained professional to take good and complete care of these patients. However, ideally vulvar clinics should have a multidisciplinary team.
A new formulation for the liner shipping network design problem
Authors: Ameln Marie , Sand Fuglum Julie , Thun Kristian , Andersson Henrik , Stålhane Magnus 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe liner shipping network design problem (LSNDP) is an important problem within liner shipping because a good network can reduce costs and increase profits. Given sets of ports, vessel classes, and demands between the ports, the problem is to design a network of cyclic routes and assign a vessel class to each route so that all demands can flow through the network at minimal cost. In this paper, we analyze a new formulation of the LSNDP based on a two‐layer network structure. The formulation takes into account the cost of transshipment and allows for complex service structures. Valid inequalities and a novel approach of inner representations of low‐dimensional polyhedra are proposed. A new set of small instances with up to 12 ports has been developed and the formulation has been tested on these instances. Instances with up to 10 ports are solved to optimality, but the largest instances are not, confirming that the LSNDP is a very complex problem. The proposed improvements of the formulation are also shown to have a positive effect.
Inhibition of mitochondrial autophagy protects donor lungs for lung transplantation against ischaemia‐reperfusion injury in rats via the mTOR pathway
Authors: Liu Wei‐Cheng , Chen Shi‐Biao , Liu Sheng , Ling Xiang , Xu Qi‐Rong , Yu Ben‐Tong , Tang Jian 
Published: March 2019

AbstractImpaired mitochondrial function is a key factor attributing to lung ischaemia‐reperfusion (IR) injury, which contributes to major post‐transplant complications. Thus, the current study was performed to investigate the role of mitochondrial autophagy in lung I/R injury and the involvement of the mTOR pathway. We established rat models of orthotopic left lung transplantation to investigate the role of mitochondrial autophagy in I/R injury following lung transplantation. Next, we treated the donor lungs with 3‐MA and Rapamycin to evaluate mitochondrial autophagy, lung function and cell apoptosis with different time intervals of cold ischaemia preservation and reperfusion. In addition, mitochondrial autophagy, and cell proliferation and apoptosis of pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) exposed to hypoxia‐reoxygenation (H/R) were monitored after 3‐MA administration or Rapamycin treatment. The cell apoptosis could be inhibited by mitochondrial autophagy at the beginning of lung ischaemia, but was rendered out of control when mitochondrial autophagy reached normal levels. After I/R of donor lung, the mitochondrial autophagy was increased until 6 hours after reperfusion and then gradually decreased. The elevation of mitochondrial autophagy was accompanied by promoted apoptosis, aggravated lung injury and deteriorated lung function. Moreover, the suppression of mitochondrial autophagy by 3‐MA inhibited cell apoptosis of donor lung to alleviate I/R‐induced lung injury as well as inhibited H/R‐induced PMVEC apoptosis, and enhanced its proliferation. Finally, mTOR pathway participated in I/R‐ and H/R‐mediated mitochondrial autophagy in regulation of cell apoptosis. Inhibition of I/R‐induced mitochondrial autophagy alleviated lung injury via the mTOR pathway, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy for lung I/R injury.
Overview of RAW264.7 for osteoclastogensis study: Phenotype and stimuli
Authors: Kong Lingbo , Smith Wanli , Hao Dingjun 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBone homeostasis is preserved by the balance of maintaining between the activity of osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. However, investigations for the osteoclastogenesis were hampered by considerable difficulties associated with isolating and culturing osteoclast in vivo. As the alternative, stimuli‐induced osteoclasts formation from RAW264.7 cells (RAW‐OCs) have gain its importance for extensively osteoclastogenic study of bone diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, osteolysis and periodontitis. However, considering the RAW‐OCs have not yet been well‐characterized and RAW264.7 cells are polymorphic because of a diverse phenotype of the individual cells comprising this cell linage, and different fate associated with various stimuli contributions. Thus, in present study, we provide an overview for current knowledge of the phenotype of RAW264.7 cells, as well as the current understanding of the complicated interactions between various stimuli and RAW‐OCs in the light of the recent progress.
Evaluation of two histological classifications for actinic keratoses – PRO classification scored highest inter‐rater reliability
Authors: Schmitz L. , Gupta G. , Stücker M. , Doerler M. , Gambichler T. , Welzel J. , Szeimies R.M. , Bierhoff E. , Stockfleth E. , Dirschka T. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundActinic keratoses (AKs) can histologically be classified by the extent of atypical keratinocytes throughout the epidermis or their pattern of basal proliferation. Currently, no data on the inter‐rater reliability of both scores is available.ObjectiveTo evaluate the inter‐rater reliability of the two classification schemes; histological grade (AK I–III) and basal proliferation (PRO I–III).MethodsHistological images of 54 AKs were classified by 21 independent dermatopathologists with regard to basal proliferation (PRO I–III), histological grade (AK I–III) and assumed risk of progression into invasive carcinoma.ResultsOverall, of the 54 AKs 16.7% (9/54) were classified as AK I, 66.7% (36/54) as AK II, and 16.7% (9/54) as AK III. With regards to basal growth pattern, 25.9% (14/54) were classified as PRO I, 42.6% (23/54) as PRO II, and 31.5% (17/54) as PRO III. We observed a highly significant inter‐rater reliability for PRO‐grading (P < 0.001) which was higher than for AK‐grading (Kendall's W coefficient: AK = 0.488 vs. PRO = 0.793). We found substantial agreement for assumed progression risk for AKs with worsening basal proliferation (k = 0.759) compared to moderate agreement (k = 0.563) for different AK‐gradings.ConclusionsHistological classification of basal growth pattern (PRO) showed higher inter‐rater reliability compared to the established classification of atypical keratinocytes throughout epidermal layers. Moreover, experienced dermatopathologists considered basal proliferation to be more important in terms of progression risk than upwards directed growth patterns. It should be considered to classify AKs according to their basal proliferation pattern (PRO I–III).
The inhibitory activities and antiviral mechanism of Viola philippica aqueous extracts against grouper iridovirus infection in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Yu Qing , Liu Mingzhu , Xiao Hehe , Wu Siting , Qin Xianling , Lu Zijun , Shi Deqiang , Li Siqiao , Mi Huizhi , Wang Yibing , Su Hongfei , Wang Taixia , Li Pengfei 
Published: March 2019

AbstractGrouper iridovirus (GIV) is one of the most serious pathogens in mariculture and causes high mortality rates in cultured groupers; then, effective medicines for controlling GIV infections are urgently needed. Viola philippica is a well‐known medicinal plant, and the application of V. philippica aqueous extracts against GIV infection was assessed by different methods in this study. The results showed that the working concentration of V. philippica aqueous extracts was 10 mg/ml. V. philippica aqueous extracts below 10 mg/ml have no significant cytotoxic effects on cell viability, while extracts over 15 mg/ml decreased cell viability and showed cytotoxic activity. V. philippica aqueous extracts had excellent inhibitory effects against GIV infection in vitro and in vivo. The possible antiviral mechanism of V. philippica was further analysed, which indicated that V. philippica did no damages to GIV particles, but it could disturb GIV binding, entry and replication in host cells. V. philippica had the best inhibitory effects against GIV during viral infection stage of binding and replication in host cells. Overall, the results suggest that appropriate concentration of V. philippica aqueous extracts has great antiviral effects, making it an interesting candidate for developing effective medicines for preventing and controlling GIV infection in farmed groupers.
Regulation of T‐type Ca2+ channel expression by interleukin‐6 in sensory‐like ND7/23 cells post‐herpes simplex virus (HSV‐1) infection
Authors: Zhang Qiaojuan , Hsia Shao‐Chung , Martin‐Caraballo Miguel 
Published: March 2019

Herpes simplex virus‐type 1 (HSV‐1) infection of sensory neurons may lead to a significant reduction in the expression of voltage‐activated Na+ and Ca2+ channels, which can disrupt the transmission of pain information. Viral infection also results in the secretion of various pro‐inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)‐6. In this work, we tested whether IL‐6 regulates the expression of Na+ and Ca2+ channels post‐HSV‐1 infection in ND7/23 sensory‐like neurons. Our results demonstrate that HSV‐1 infection causes a significant decrease in the protein expression of the Cav3.2 T‐type Ca2+ channel subunit, despite increasing Cav3.2 mRNA synthesis. Neither Cav3.2 mRNA nor total protein content was affected by IL‐6 treatment post‐HSV‐1 infection. In ND7/23 cells, HSV‐1 infection caused a significant reduction in the expression of Na+ and T‐type Ca2+ channels within 48 h. Exposure of ND7/23 cells to IL‐6 for 24 h post‐infection reverses the effect of HSV‐1, resulting in a significant increase in T‐type Ca2+ current density. However, Na+ currents were not restored by 24‐h treatment with IL‐6 post‐HSV‐1 infection of ND7/23 cells. The ability of IL‐6 to increase the functional expression of T‐type Ca2+ channels on the membrane was blocked by the inhibition of protein trafficking with brefeldin‐A and ERK1/2 activation. These results indicate that IL‐6 release following HSV‐1 infection regulates the expression of T‐type Ca2+ channels, which may alter the transmission of pain information.
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HIV Testing Among Heterosexual Hispanic Women in South Florida
Authors: Cianelli Rosina , Villegas Natalia , Irarrazabal Lisette , Castro Jose , Ojukwu Emmanuela Nneamaka , Adebayo Oluwamuyiwa Winifred , Ferrer Lilian , Montano Nilda Peragallo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to examine the influence of selected facilitators, barriers, beliefs, and knowledge suggested by the literature to be associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing among heterosexual Hispanic women.DesignThis study utilizes a cross‐sectional design to analyze secondary data from SEPA III: The Effectiveness Trial. SEPA stands for Salud, Educacion, Prevencion y Autocuidado, which translates to Health, Education, Prevention, and Self‐Care. The Social Cognitive Model (SCM) guided this study.MethodsThree hundred twenty heterosexual Hispanic women 18 to 50 years of age participated in this study. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression.FindingsThe most common facilitators for HIV testing were receiving recommendations from a healthcare provider (HCP) and the test is offered by an HCP rather than women asking for it. The most common barrier to testing was having no reason to believe they were infected. Most women believed a positive test result would encourage them to take better care of themselves. However, as much as 15% of women reported desires to kill or hurt themselves if they test positive. On the other hand, a negative result would make them assume their partners are negative and thus do not need to be tested. Significantly, explanatory variables related to HIV testing were knowledge and the HIV test is offered by an HCP instead of women asking for it.ConclusionsStrengthening HIV knowledge and offering HIV tests are significant contributions that nurses make to the health of Hispanic women. The SCM can be used to design programs to increase HIV testing among Hispanic women.Clinical RelevanceNurses are encouraged to offer testing and provide culturally competent HIV prevention education to increase HIV testing among Hispanic women.
Infections increase the risk of developing Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Mofors J. , Arkema E. V. , Björk A. , Westermark L. , Kvarnström M. , Forsblad‐d'Elia H. , Magnusson Bucher S. , Eriksson P. , Mandl T. , Nordmark G. , Wahren‐Herlenius M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveEnvironmental factors have been suggested in the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases. We here investigated whether infections increase the risk of developing primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS).MethodsPatients with pSS in Sweden (n = 945) and matched controls from the general population (n = 9048) were included, and data extracted from the National Patient Register to identify infections occurring before pSS diagnosis during a mean observational time of 16.0 years. Data were analysed using conditional logistic regression models. Sensitivity analyses were performed by varying exposure definition and adjusting for previous health care consumption.ResultsA history of infection associated with an increased risk of pSS (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.6–2.3). Infections were more prominently associated with the development of SSA/SSB autoantibody‐positive pSS (OR 2.7, 95% CI 2.0–3.5). When stratifying the analysis by organ system infected, respiratory infections increased the risk of developing pSS, both in patients with (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.8–4.7) and without autoantibodies (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.1–3.8), whilst skin and urogenital infections only significantly associated with the development of autoantibody‐positive pSS (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.8–5.5 and OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.7–4.2). Furthermore, a dose–response relationship was observed for infections and a risk to develop pSS with Ro/SSA and La/SSB antibodies. Gastrointestinal infections were not significantly associated with a risk of pSS.ConclusionsInfections increase the risk of developing pSS, most prominently SSA/SSB autoantibody‐positive disease, suggesting that microbial triggers of immunity may partake in the pathogenetic process of pSS.
First bathing time of newborn infants after birth: A comparative analysis
Authors: Gözen Duygu , Çaka Sinem Y. , Beşirik Selda A. , Perk Yıldız 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPurposeThe study was designed as an experimental study to describe the effect of the first bathing time on the body temperature and skin moisture of a newborn after birth.Design and MethodsThe study population consisted of term newborns between January and June 2016 in the Istanbul University, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty Hospital at Istanbul. The sample group was randomly divided into two groups according to different bathing times. The first group (39 infants) was given a bath 24 hr after birth, and the second group (34 infants) was given a bath 48 hr after birth. The infants in both the groups were dried with the first towel and then wrapped in a second dry towel, and a cap put to prevent hypothermia and to minimize any minor fluid loss. The body temperature and skin moisture level were measured before the bath, after the bath, and 10 min after the bath.ResultsIt was determined that the 10th‐minute body temperatures of the infants with the first bathing time 48 hr after birth were significantly higher compared with the infants with the first bath time 24 hr after birth (Z = −2.654;
p = .008).Practical ImplicationsPostponing of the first bathing time of newborns to 48 hr after birth was effective in preserving the body temperature of the infant. Postponing the bath to the 48th hr improved moisture, which may improve skin integrity and aid with skin development.
Untargeted metabolomic profiling of serum from dogs with chronic hepatic disease
Authors: Lawrence Yuri A. , Bishop Micah A. , Honneffer Julia B. , Cook Audrey K. , Rodrigues‐Hoffmann Aline , Steiner Jörg M. , Suchodolski Jan S. , Lidbury Jonathan A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundChronic hepatopathies present a diagnostic challenge, with different diseases being associated with similar clinical and laboratory findings. Characterization of dogs with chronic hepatopathies can be difficult and require costly diagnostic procedures such as acquisition of a liver biopsy specimen. Noninvasive and inexpensive biomarkers that reliably characterize chronic hepatopathies such as chronic hepatitis or a congenital portosystemic vascular anomaly may decrease the need for costly or invasive diagnostic testing and guide novel therapeutic interventions.ObjectiveTo investigate differences in the serum metabolome among healthy dogs, dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts, and dogs with chronic hepatitis.AnimalsStored serum samples from 12 healthy dogs, 10 dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts, and 6 dogs with chronic hepatitis were analyzed.MethodsThe serum metabolome was analyzed with an untargeted metabolomics approach using gas chromatography–quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry.ResultsPrincipal component analysis and heat dendrogram plots of the metabolomics data showed clustering among individuals in each group. Random forest analysis showed differences in the abundance of various metabolites including increased aromatic amino acids and xylitol in dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts. Based on the univariate statistics, 50 metabolites were significantly different among groups.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe serum metabolome varies among healthy dogs, dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts, and dogs with chronic hepatitis. Statistical analysis identified several metabolites that differentiated healthy dogs from dogs with vascular or parenchymal liver disease. Further targeted assessment of these metabolites is needed to confirm their diagnostic reliability.
Pharmacokinetics, metabolism and excretion of celecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitor, in horses
Authors: Subhahar Michael Benedict , Singh Jaipaul , Albert Peter Henry , Kadry Ahmed Mahmoud 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCelecoxib, a nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug, is frequently used to treat arthritis in humans with minimal gastrointestinal side effect compared to traditionalNSAIDs. The primary aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic profile of celecoxib—a selective cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) inhibitor in horses. Six horses were administered a single oral dose of celecoxib at 2 mg/kg (body weight). After oral dosing, the drug reached a maximum concentration (mean ± SD) in blood of 1,088 ± 324 ng/ml in 4.58 hr. The elimination half‐life was 13.60 ± 3.18 hr, and the area under the curve was 24,142 ± 1,096 ng hr ml−1. The metabolism of celecoxib in horses was via a single oxidative pathway in which the methyl group of celecoxib is oxidized to a hydroxymethyl metabolite and is further oxidized to form a carboxylic acid metabolite. Celecoxib is eliminated mainly through faeces as unchanged drug and as metabolites in urine. Therefore, instructions for a detection time following therapeutic dosing of celecoxib can be set by the racing practitioner and veterinarians to control illegal use in horse racing based on the results of this study.