bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of therapeutic plasma exchange in snake bite associated thrombotic microangiopathy—A case report with review of literature
Authors: Mohan Ganesh , Guduri Pruthvi Raj , Shastry Shamee 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPost snake bite renal failure due to thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is often overlooked and not considered as a separate entity while managing the patient. This case report highlights the efficacy of Therapeutic Plasma Exchange in managing the post envenomation TMA. Anti‐snake venom was administered following severe hematotoxic envenomation, but later on developed acute kidney injury and hence hemodialysis was done for 2 days without much improvement. On third day of bite, diagnosis of TMA was made from microangiopathic hemolytic picture in peripheral blood smear, thrombocytopenia and renal failure. Therapeutic plasma exchange with human albumin solution was started on a daily basis and after 3 cycles, patient's condition improved as shown by the laboratory parameters. Though this entity is not well defined, the supporting evidence is found in few reports of published literature. Hence, we propose plasma exchange as an adjunctive therapeutic option in post snake TMA.
LncRNA SNHG16 aggravates tumorigenesis and development of hepatocellular carcinoma by sponging miR‐4500 and targeting STAT3
Authors: Lin Qing , Zheng Hongying , Xu Jianjun , Zhang Feng , Pan Huazheng 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver tumor and becomes a lethal malignancy on account of high mortality and increasing incidence. A growing body of studies has proved that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in the development of diverse cancers. Although it has been commonly accepted that SNHG16 is a procancer gene in numerous cancers, the regulatory mechanism of SNHG16 in HCC still needs more explorations. In this study, our results delineated that SNHG16 presented much higher expression levels in HCC tissues and cells, particularly in advanced stages of HCC. Enhanced SNHG16 expression was strongly related to poor prognosis. SNHG16 facilitated HCC progression by promoting cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition process as well as inhibiting cell apoptosis. SNHG16 served as a sponge for miR‐4500 in HCC and miR‐4500 neutralized the influences of SNHG16 knockdown on HCC. SNHG16 was confirmed to compete with signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) to bind with miR‐4500. SNHG16 aggravated the development of HCC via sponging miR‐4500 so as to upregulate STAT3. In other words, this study was the first to investigate the potential mechanism of SNHG16 in HCC and verified SNHG16 exerted its carcinogenesis by miR‐4500/STAT3 axis, suggesting SNHG16 may be a new underlying therapeutic target for HCC treatment.
Inflammatory cytokines in bladder cancer
Authors: Shadpour Pejman , Zamani Mojtaba , Aghaalikhani Nazi , Rashtchizadeh Nadereh 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe presence of inflammatory cells and their products in the tumor microenvironment plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of a tumor. Releasing the cytokines from a host in response to infection and inflammation can inhibit tumor growth and progression. However, tumor cells can also respond to the host cytokines with increasing the growth/invasion/metastasis. Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers in the world. The microenvironment of a bladder tumor has been indicated to be rich in growth factors/inflammatory cytokines that can induce the tumor growth/progression and also suppress the immune system. On the contrary, modulate of the cancer progression has been shown following upregulation of the cytokines‐related pathways that suggested the cytokines as potential therapeutic targets. In this study, we provide a summary of cytokines that are involved in BC formation/regression with both inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory properties. A more accurate understanding of tumor microenvironment creates favorable conditions for cytokines targeting to treat BC.
Dual‐probe polarization spectroscopy as a concept for combustion diagnostics
Authors: Kiefer Johannes 
Published: February 2019

AbstractStudying the line‐broadening effects of combustion intermediates in flames is the key to derive quantitative information via spectroscopic techniques. In this communication, an extension to polarization spectroscopy via employing two probe beams, one of which is copropagating whereas the other one is counterpropagating to the pump beam, is proposed. This gives rise to dual‐probe polarization spectroscopy, which enables recording a Doppler‐broadened and a Doppler‐free signal simultaneously.
Nanoscale Film Morphology and n‐Type Digital Memory Characteristics of π‐Conjugated Donor–Acceptor Alternating Copolymer Based on Thiophene and Thiadiazole Units
Authors: Lee Hoyeol , Kim Yongjin , Fukuta Seijiro , Kim Hwajeong , Kim Youngkyoo , Higashihara Tomoya , Ree Moonhor 
Published: February 2019

AbstractVarious molecular weight π‐conjugated donor–acceptor polymers based on thiadiazole and thiophene units are investigated with respect to nanoscale film morphology and digital memory performance. Interestingly, all polymers reveal excellent n‐type digital permanent memory characteristics, which are governed by the combination of Ohmic and trap‐limited space charge limited conductions via a hopping process using thiadiazole and thiophene units as charge traps and stepping stones. The digital memory performance is significantly influenced by the film morphology details that vary with the polymer molecular weight as well as the film thickness. A higher population of face‐on structure formation, as well as higher molecular weight, provides a wider film thickness window of digital memory operation. Overall, π‐conjugated PBTDzTV polymers are suitable for the production of high‐performance, programmable n‐type permanent memory devices with very low power consumption.
Identification of microRNAs for regulating adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase expression in immature boar Sertoli cells in vitro
Authors: Zhang Jiao Jiao , Yang Wei Rong , Wang Yi , Chen Liang , Jeong Dong Kee , Wang Xian Zhong 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAdenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a key role in cellular energy homeostasis and cell proliferation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) function as posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression in biological processes. It is unclear to whether miRNAs are involved in AMPK‐regulated Sertoli cell (SC) proliferation. To further understand the regulation of miRNAs in the immature boar SC proliferation, 5‐aminoimidazole‐4‐carboxamide‐1‐β‐D‐ribofuranoside (AICAR) was added to activate AMPK. By an Illumina small RNA deep sequencing, we obtained sequences and relative expression levels of 272 known mature miRNAs, among which 9 miRNAs were significantly upregulated whereas 16 miRNAs were downregulated following the AICAR treatment. The results identified 38 conserved miRNAs, with 8 significantly downregulated miRNAs whereas no upregulated miRNAs. Gene Ontology enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses suggested that miR‐1285 was involved in many activities and pathways associated with cell proliferation via targeting on AMPKα2. We validated that AICAR significantly downregulated miR‐1285 level in SCs. Transfection of miR‐1285 mimic increased the SC viability and cell cycle progression but reduced AMPKα2 mRNA and protein levels, indicating that miR‐1285 is involved in the immature boar SC proliferation via downregulating AMPKα2 expression.
Expression and characterization of the cyp19a gene and its responses to estradiol/letrozole exposure in Chinese soft‐shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis)
Authors: Liang Hong W. , Meng Yan , Cao Li H. , Li Xiang , Zou Gui W. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCytochrome P450 aromatase (CYP19) catalyzes the conversion of androgens to estrogens and is critical in sex differentiation. CYP19 exists as the ovarian type and brain type. Herein, we cloned the full‐length ovarian cyp19a gene from the Chinese soft‐shelled turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis (pscyp19a). We determined the distribution of pscyp19a in adult tissue and evaluated its expression during embryonic development, following treatment with 17β‐estradiol (E2) or letrozole (LE). The pscyp19a complementary DNA is 2,285 bp in length and comprises a 1,512 bp open reading frame that encodes a protein of 503 AA. The nucleotide sequence and amino acid of pscyp19a shared significant identity with other vertebrate sequences. Expression of pscyp19a was high in the ovary (p < 0.01), and exhibited modest expression in the female brain and intestine. Expression of pscyp19a displayed significant differences between sexes during early embryo development stages; expression increased gradually during embryonic development in females, but the opposite trend was observed in males. Female embryos treated with different concentrations of E2 and LE displayed altered pscyp19a expression compared with untreated individuals, and E2 clearly induced pscyp19a expression. These results indicate that pscyp19a gene plays important roles in early developmental stages in Chinese soft‐shelled turtle, and may assist future studies on sex differentiation and sex control in this and similar species.
Seismic stability analysis of a rock block using the block theory and Newmark method
Authors: Fu Xiaodong , Sheng Qian , Tang Hua , Chen Jian , Du Yuxiang , Zhang Zhenping , Mei Hongru 
Published: February 2019

SummarySeismic stability analysis of a rock block is an important issue in the field of rock mechanics and rock engineering. To solve this problem, the block theory and the Newmark method are combined, and a general method for seismic response of a rock block is introduced. First, the formation method of a three‐dimensional rock block, which includes establishing a topological relationship among the block‐polygon face‐edge‐vertex and dividing a complex block into convex subblocks, is presented, and the simplex integration method is employed to calculate the volume of a rock block and the areas of the polygonal faces. Second, the assumptions and algorithms of the general method for seismic response of a rock block are detailed. The dynamic analysis is carried out in time step. In each time step, the key technologies including analysis of the seismic force and motion mode, trial of the incremental displacement, check for the block entrance, and update of the motion parameters are performed in order. Last, two verification examples and three application examples including a wedge, a rock block of slope, and a combined rock block are used to analyze the correctness and practicality of the general method. The results show that, for a given ground motion record, the Newmark program can effectively simulate the dynamic response process of the motion mode, velocity, and safety factor of the rock block, and the permanent displacement under the earthquake action is obtained, which provides a quantitative parameter to evaluate the dynamic stability of a rock block.
International Continence Society consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of nocturia
Authors: Everaert Karel , Hervé Francois , Bosch Ruud , Dmochowski Roger , Drake Marcus , Hashim Hashim , Chapple Christopher , Van Kerrebroeck Philip , Mourad Sherif , Abrams Paul , Wein Alan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionPatients with nocturia have to face many hurdles before being diagnosed and treated properly. The aim of this paper is to: summarize the nocturia patient pathway, explore how nocturia is diagnosed and treated in the real world and use the Delphi method to develop a practical algorithm with a focus on what steps need to be taken before prescribing desmopressin.MethodsEvidence comes from existing guidelines (Google, PubMed), International Consultation on Incontinence‐Research Society (ICI‐RS) 2017, prescribing information and a Delphi panel (3 rounds). The International Continence Society initiated this study, the authors represent the ICI‐RS, European Association of Urology, and Society of Urodynamics, Female Pelvic Medicine and Urogenital Reconstruction (SUFU).ResultsDiagnostic packages: consensus on, history taking for all causalities, intake diary (fluid, food) and bladder diary, not for its duration. Pelvic (women) or rectal (men) examination, prostate‐specific antigen, serum sodium check (SSC), renal function, endocrine screening: when judged necessary. Timing or empty stomach when SSC is not important. Therapeutic packages: the safe candidates for desmopressin can be phenotyped as no polydipsia, heart/kidney failure, severe leg edema or obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Lifestyle interventions may be useful. Initiating desmopressin: risk management consensus on three clinical pictures.Follow‐up of desmopressin therapy: there was consensus on SSC day 3 to 7, and at 1 month. Stop therapy if SSC is <130 mmol/L regardless of symptoms. Stop if SSC is 130 to 135 mmol/L with symptoms of hyponatremia.ConclusionA summary of the nocturia patient pathway across different medical specialists is useful in the visualization and phenotyping of patients for diagnosis and therapy. By summarizing basic knowledge of desmopressin, we aim to ease its initiation and shorten the patient journey for nocturia.
Transcriptomic evidence for immaturity induced by antidepressant fluoxetine in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex
Authors: Hagihara Hideo , Ohira Koji , Miyakawa Tsuyoshi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimsThe molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the antidepressant effects of fluoxetine in the brain are not fully understood. Emerging evidence has led to the hypothesis that chronic fluoxetine treatment induces dematuration of certain types of mature neurons in rodents. These studies have focused on the properties of typical molecular and/or electrophysiological markers for neuronal maturation. Nevertheless, it remains unknown whether dematuration‐related phenomena are present at the genome‐wide gene expression level.MethodsBased on the aforementioned hypothesis, we directly compared transcriptome data between fluoxetine‐treated adult mice and those of naive infants in the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) to assess similarities and/or differences. We further investigated whether fluoxetine treatment caused dematuration in these brain regions in a hypothesis‐free manner using a weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA).ResultsGene expression patterns in fluoxetine‐treated mice resembled those in infants in the mPFC and, to a large extent, in the hippocampus. The gene expression patterns of fluoxetine‐treated adult mice were more similar to those of approximately 2‐week‐old infants than those of older mice. WGCNA confirmed that fluoxetine treatment was associated with maturation abnormalities, particularly in the hippocampus, and highlighted respective co‐expression modules for maturity and immaturity marker genes in the hippocampus in response to fluoxetine treatment.ConclusionsOur results strongly support the hypothesis that chronic fluoxetine treatment induces dematuration in the adult mouse brain from a transcriptomic standpoint. Detection of discrete transcriptomic regulatory networks related to fluoxetine treatment may help to further elucidate the mechanisms of antidepressant action.
Prenatal diagnosis of fragile X syndrome: Small meiotic recombination events at the FMR1 locus
Authors: Bacrot Séverine , Monnot Sophie , Haddad Georges , Barcia Giulia , Rachid Myriam , Boisson Marie , Pasquier Nathalie , Rondeau Sophie , Munnich Arnold , Steffann Julie , Bonnefont Jean‐Paul , Raynaud Martine 
Published: February 2019

What's already known about this topic?

Fragile X syndrome is caused by an expansion of more than 200 CGG repeats in the FMR1 gene.
CGG repeat instability expresses almost constantly as an expansion.
Significant contraction events have occasionally been reported.
What does this study add?

This study presents an exceptional situation, where maternal transmission of an FMR1‐expanded allele ultimately results in the presence of a normal‐sized allele in the fetus.
We report here two prenatal cases of non‐crossover event at the FMR1 locus.
We offer an algorithm to be used in the context of fragile X syndrome prenatal diagnosis.
Proton Pump Inhibitors and Risk of Acute and Chronic Kidney Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Hart Emily , Dunn Terry E. , Feuerstein Steven , Jacobs David M. 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundProton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have been linked to acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD); however, current evidence has only been evaluated in a small number of studies with short follow‐up periods. This study examined the association betweenPPIuse and risk of incidentAKIandCKDin a large population‐based health maintenance organization (HMO) cohort.MethodsPatients aged 18 years or older, without evidence of preexisting renal disease, started onPPItherapy, and those continuously enrolled for at least 12 months between July 1993 and September 2008 were identified in anHMOdatabase. Incidences ofAKIandCKDwere defined using documentedInternational Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification(ICD‐9‐CM) codes or a glomerular filtration rate less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2after initiation ofPPItherapy. Patients withAKIwere followed for up to 90 days (cohort 1), and patients withCKDrequired at least 1 year of follow‐up (cohort 2). Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to adjust for differences in demographics (excluding race), comorbidities, and medication use between groups.ResultsIn 93,335 patients in theAKIcohort, 16,593 of whom were exposed toPPIs, the incidence rate ofAKIwas higher in thePPIgroup than nonusers (36.4 vs 3.54 per 1000 person‐years, p<0.0001, respectively). In adjusted models,PPIexposure was associated with an increased risk ofAKI(adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 4.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.14–6.04, p<0.0001). In 84,600 patients in theCKDcohort, 14,514 of whom were exposed toPPIs, the incidence rate ofCKDwas higher in thePPIgroup than nonusers (34.3 vs 8.75 per 1000 person‐years, p<0.0001, respectively). In adjusted models,PPIs were associated with a higher risk ofCKDcompared with controls (aOR1.20, 95%CI1.12–1.28, p<0.0001). Associations betweenPPIuse andAKIandCKDpersisted in propensity score‐matched analyses.ConclusionThe use of PPIs is associated with an increased risk of incidentAKIandCKD. This relationship could have a considerable public health impact; therefore, health care provider education and deprescribing initiatives will be necessary to raise awareness and reduce health care burden.
The impact of teacher–student relationships and classroom engagement on student growth percentiles of 7th and 8th grade students
Authors: Dennie David , Acharya Parul , Greer Deirdre , Bryant Camille 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe study examined the extent that teacher–student relationships (TSR) influenced basic psychological needs, engagement, and student growth using the self‐systems process model as a framework using structural equation modeling. Based on prior research, it was hypothesized that context (TSR) influenced self (basic psychological needs), which influenced action (engagement), and consequently, influenced outcome (student score and grade point average‐GPA). The findings of the study supported prior research that a TSR positively influenced levels of engagement in the classroom and, consequently, student outcomes as measured by classroom grade point average (GPA) and standardized assessment results. Using an identical methodological setup that substituted student growth percentiles (SGP) for scale scores, it was determined that TSR, basic psychological need satisfaction, and level of engagement do not influence SGP. Implications and potential contributions are discussed.
Simulation‐Based Education for Urgent Medical Complications Common to the Rehabilitation Setting: An Educational Program for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Residents
Authors: Malmut Laura , Rho Monica E. 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundSimulation technology is being increasingly adopted into medical education and is consistently associated with positive effects on knowledge, skills, and patient‐related outcomes. There is little evidence on the use of simulation technology for the instruction of urgent medical complications to physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) residents.ObjectiveTo examine whether a simulation‐based educational program can improve PM&R resident confidence and knowledge in the assessment and management of urgent medical complications.DesignPretest‐posttest design.SettingAcademic freestanding acute inpatient rehabilitation hospital.ParticipantsTwelve Post‐Graduate Year (PGY)‐2 PM&R residents at the start of the academic year.MethodsResidents completed an integrated didactic and simulation‐based curriculum on the assessment and management of five urgent medical complications: seizures, agitation, ventricular assist device (VAD)‐associated complications, sympathetic storming, and autonomic dysreflexia. Simulations were conducted using a high‐fidelity manikin.Main Outcome MeasurementsSurveys and knowledge assessments were completed at baseline and immediately following training. Survey responses were recorded on a Likert scale ranging from 1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree. Multiple‐choice knowledge assessments were scored out of 100%. Within‐group differences from baseline to postintervention were analyzed.ResultsThere was a positive correlation between baseline experience and baseline confidence scores (r = 0.877). Improved confidence was demonstrated in the assessment and management of all five topics (P < .05). Knowledge assessment scores significantly improved from 57.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 50.6% to 65.4%) at baseline to 85.0% (95% CI 81.6% to 88.4%) following the course (P < .001). The education program was rated highly by both learners (mean satisfaction score, Likert score [LS] = 4.6) and instructors (mean satisfaction score, LS = 4.5).ConclusionsApplication of a simulation‐based educational model to the instruction of urgent medical complications to PM&R residents resulted in increased knowledge with added benefits of confidence building and high levels of enjoyment.Level of EvidenceII
DAPO‐LLM‐105: Improving the Particle Morphology and Thermal Stability
Authors: Pasquinet Eric , Pin Nicolas , Forzy Alexandre , Palmas Pascal , Rideau Joël , Beaucamp Arnaud , Lalière Eric , Perdrigeat Marie‐L. , Quéré Stéphane , Barthet Christelle , Wuillaume Anne 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA number of different quench media were evaluated in order to improve the characteristics of 2,6‐diamino‐3,5‐dinitropyrazine‐1‐oxide (LLM‐105) obtained via nitration of 2,6‐diaminopyrazine‐1‐oxide (DAPO). After a first screening phase, seven aqueous solutions containing a selected additive were used to quench the nitrating mixture in scale‐up experiments. Complete characterization of the resulting LLM‐105 indicated that nitrate salts as additives, especially ammonium and potassium nitrate, provided a high quality product, without requiring any further recrystallization. Notably, both particle morphology and thermal stability were significantly improved over the ones obtained using the standard pure water quench. This new DAPO‐LLM‐105 has been compared to the conventional DMP‐LLM‐105 and showed similar characteristics with even better insensitivity data.