bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of the Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer Over the Southern Ocean in Response to the Synoptic Forcing
Authors: Lang F. , Huang Y. , Siems S. T. , Manton M. J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe characteristics of the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) in relation to synoptic meteorology over the Southern Ocean are examined using upper‐air soundings and surface precipitation at Macquarie Island (54.62°S, 158.85°E), with a primary focus on the post‐cold‐frontal environment where large cloud and radiative biases are presented in a multitude of climate models. Thermodynamic profiles from the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts ERA‐Interim reanalyses are compared with the observations to evaluate their representation of the MABL characteristics. Observations confirm that boundary layer clouds over the Southern Ocean commonly reside within a shallow MABL under the influence of frequent midlatitude cyclones and fronts. The evaluation of MABL height shows that, for both observations and reanalysis, the inversion is higher northward of the low center and under postcold front conditions. Under cold frontal passages, however, the main inversions are not well represented by ERA‐Interim, which is featured by an underestimate of the MABL height by 22%. Significant differences are found in the moisture profiles within the MABL between the observations and ERA‐Interim soundings within the context of cold frontal passages. The moisture in the ERA‐Interim is found to be too confined to the surface layer, which is consistent with the shallower MABL represented by the ERA‐Interim. Analysis of the surface precipitation shows that ERA‐Interim overestimates the amount of precipitation over Macquarie Island in the vicinity of cyclone cores but underestimates the precipitation not immediately associated with cold fronts, leading to an overall underestimate of the annual precipitation by 11%.
A Comparison of Late Quaternary Organic Proxy‐Based Paleotemperature Records of the Central Sea of Okhotsk
Authors: Lattaud Julie , Lo Li , Huang Jyh‐Jaan , Chou Yu‐Min , Gorbarenko Sergey A. , Sinninghe Damsté Jaap S. , Schouten Stefan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe long‐chain diol index (LDI) is a new organic sea surface temperature (SST) proxy based on the distribution of long‐chain diols. It has been applied in several environments but not yet in subpolar regions. Here we tested the LDI on surface sediments and a sediment core from the Sea of Okhotsk, which is the southernmost seasonal sea ice‐covered region in the Northern Hemisphere, and compared it with other organic temperature proxies, that is,
and TEXL86. In the surface sediments, the LDI is correlated with autumn SST, similar to the
but different from the TEXL86 that correlates best with summer sea subsurface temperature. Remarkably, the obtained local LDI calibration was significantly different from the global core‐top calibration. We used the local LDI calibration to reconstruct past SST changes in the central Sea of Okhotsk. The LDI‐SST record shows low glacial (Marine Isotope Stage, MIS 2, 4, and 6) and high interglacial (MIS 1 and MIS 5) temperatures and follows the same pattern as the
‐SST and a previously published TEXL86 temperature record. Similar to the modern situation, the reconstructed temperatures during the interglacials likely reflect different seasons, that is, summer for the TEXL86 and autumn for
and LDI. During glacials, the reconstructed temperatures of all three proxies are similar to each other, likely reflecting summer temperatures as this was the only season free of sea ice. Our results suggest that the LDI is a suitable proxy to reconstruct subpolar seawater temperatures.
Polar Topside Ionosphere During Geomagnetic Storms: Comparison of ISIS‐II With TDIM
Authors: Sojka J. J. , Rice D. , Eccles V. , David M. , Schunk R. W. , Benson R. F. , James H. G. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSpace weather deposits energy into the high polar latitudes, primarily via Joule heating that is associated with the Poynting flux electromagnetic energy flow between the magnetosphere and ionosphere. One way to observe this energy flow is to look at the ionospheric electron density profile (EDP), especially that of the topside. The altitude location of the ionospheric peak provides additional information on the net field‐aligned vertical transport at high latitudes. To date, there have been few studies in which physics‐based ionospheric model storm simulations have been compared with topside EDPs. A rich database of high‐latitude topside ionograms obtained from polar orbiting satellites of the International Satellites for Ionospheric Studies (ISIS) program exists but has not been utilized in comparisons with physics‐based models. Of specific importance is that the Alouette/ISIS topside EDPs spanned the timeframe from 1962 to 1983, a period that experienced very large geomagnetic storms. We use a physics‐based ionospheric model, the Utah State University Time Dependent Ionospheric Model (TDIM), to simulate ionospheric EDPs for quiet and storm high‐latitude passes of ISIS‐II for two geomagnetic storms. This initial study finds that under quiet conditions there is good agreement between model and observations. During disturbed conditions, however, a large difference is seen between model and observations. The model limitation is probably associated with the inability of its topside boundary to replicate strong outflow conditions. As a result, modeling of the ionospheric outflows needs to be extended well into the magnetosphere, thereby moving the upper boundary much higher and requiring the use of polar wind models.
New transient Galactic bulge intermediate polar candidate XMMU J175035.2-293557
Authors: Hofmann F. , Ponti G. , Haberl F. , Clavel M. 
Published: June 2018

Context. For the past decades, a rare subclass of cataclysmic variables (CV), with magnetised white dwarfs (WD) as accretors, has been studied. They are called intermediate polars (IP) and have been suggested to be the main contributors to the diffuse, hard X-ray emission close to the Galactic center (GC) and in the Galactic bulge (GB), because most of them are unresolved there.
Aims. In an ongoing X-ray survey (0.5–10 keV energy band) of 3° × 3° around the GC with the XMM-Newton observatory, we conducted a systematic search for transient X-ray sources.
Methods. Promising systems were analyzed for spectral, timing, and multiwavelength properties to constrain their nature.
Results. We discovered a new highly variable (factor ≳20) X-ray source about 1.25° south of the GC. We found evidence that makes the newly discovered system a candidate IP. The X-ray light curve shows a period of 511 ± 10 s, which can be interpreted as the spin period of the WD. The X-ray spectrum is well fit by a bremsstrahlung model with a temperature of 13.9 ± 2.5 keV, suggesting a WD mass of 0.4−0.5 M⊙. We were unable to identify a blue optical counterpart in any of the candidate sources, as would be expected for IPs.
Conclusions. The high X-ray absorption and absence of a clear optical counterpart suggest that the source is most likely located in the GB. This would make the system a transient IP (GK Per class) with an especially high peak X-ray luminosity, which means that it is a very faint X-ray transient.
A quantitative spectral analysis of 14 hypervelocity stars from the MMT survey
Authors: Irrgang A. , Kreuzer S. , Heber U. , Brown W. 
Published: June 2018

Context. Hypervelocity stars (HVSs) travel so fast that they may leave the Galaxy. The tidal disruption of a binary system by the supermassive black hole in the Galactic center is widely assumed to be their ejection mechanism.
Aims. To test the hypothesis of an origin in the Galactic center using kinematic investigations, the current space velocities of the HVSs need to be determined. With the advent of Gaia’s second data release, accurate radial velocities from spectroscopy are complemented by proper motion measurements of unprecedented quality. Based on a new spectroscopic analysis method, we provide revised distances and stellar ages, both of which are crucial to unravel the nature of the HVSs.
Methods. We reanalyzed low-resolution optical spectra of 14 HVSs from the MMT HVS survey using a new grid of synthetic spectra, which account for deviations from local thermodynamic equilibrium, to derive effective temperatures, surface gravities, radial velocities, and projected rotational velocities. Stellar masses, radii, and ages were then determined by comparison with stellar evolutionary models that account for rotation. Finally, these results were combined with photometric measurements to obtain spectroscopic distances.
Results. The resulting atmospheric parameters are consistent with those of main sequence stars with masses in the range 2.5–5.0 M⊙. The majority of the stars rotate at fast speeds, providing further evidence for their main sequence nature. Stellar ages range from 90 to 400 Myr and distances (with typical 1σ-uncertainties of about 10–15%) from 30 to 100 kpc. Except for one object (B 711), which we reclassify as A-type star, all stars are of spectral type B.
Conclusions. The spectroscopic distances and stellar ages derived here are key ingredients for upcoming kinematic studies of HVSs based on Gaia proper motions.
Mecillinam: Old Molecule, New Option
Authors: Yetik Mevliye , Bayındır Bilman Fulya 
Published: June 2018

Background Mecillinam is a β-lactam antibiotic that is increasingly being used for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections. Nevertheless, the international guidelines still recommend nitrofurantoin, fosfomycin trometamol, and pivmecillinam as first-line agents in the treatment of such infections.
Aim The objective of this study was to determine the in vitro efficacy of mecillinam against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated from children with urinary tract infections.
Materials Methods We investigated E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates, obtained within the period from January 2016 to October 2017, from urine samples of patients aged 0 to 16 years. Antibiotics susceptibility testing was conducted through the disk diffusion method based on the guidelines provided by EUCAST (European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing). Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-positivity was detected by the double-disk synergy test. Isolates with mecillinam inhibition-zone diameter breakpoints lower than < 15 mm were considered to be resistant according to EUCAST criteria.
Results A total of 450 isolates were assessed in the study, 135 of which were ESBL-producing E.coli, 230 were non-ESBL-producing E. coli, 35 were ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae, and 50 were non-ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae isolates. Mecillinam susceptibility was observed in most of the non-ESBL-producing and ESBL-producing E. coli isolates (230/230, 100% and 115/135, 85.1%, respectively). The rates of susceptibility of the non-ESBL-producing and ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae isolates were 37/50 (74%) and 24/35 (68.6%), respectively.
Conclusion The in vitro susceptibility results obtained support the usage of mecillinam as a first-line agent. The high susceptibility of non-ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates established in vitro brings the hope that this antibiotic could soon be used in clinical practice in Turkey.
Effect of Exercise on Breast Cancer–Related Lymphedema: What the Lymphatic Surgeon Needs to Know
Authors: Panchik Daniel , Zinnikas Patrice , Hillriegel Brooke , Lauder Tori , Suttmann Erica , Chinchilli Vernon , McBeth Maureen , Hermann William , Masco Sarah 
Published: June 2018

Background Breast cancer–related lymphedema (BCRL) affects many areas of daily living. Individuals with lymphedema may experience chronic and progressive swelling, recurrent skin infections, and decreased self-image and quality of life. For many years, it was considered best practice for this population to avoid exercise; however, in recent years, research has begun to challenge this belief. This systematic review and meta-analyses examined the recent literature on the effects of exercise for patients with, or at risk for, BCRL to inform best practice.
Methods A total of 807 articles were retrieved from CINAHL, Academic Search Complete, Medline, and PubMed. Results were systematically filtered to 26 articles through inclusion criteria, exclusion criteria, and the Effective Public Health Practice Project quality assessment tool for quantitative studies. Data were pooled from studies containing relative and absolute volume measurements of limb volume, as well as upper extremity function measured by the Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire; meta-analyses were conducted using SAS software.
Results The literature was reviewed and statistically analyzed. Results have indicated aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, stretching, yoga, qigong, and pilates can be safe and effective in the management of symptoms for those with, or at risk for, BCRL.
Conclusion Several forms of exercise appear to be safe interventions for clinicians to use when treating this population and offer benefits such as improved quality of life, strength, body mass index, and mental health and decreased pain and lymphatic swelling. Additional research should be conducted to further examine the efficacy and safety of nontraditional forms of exercise in the treatment of BCRL.
Unilateral Complete Ptosis after Scalp Block for Awake Craniotomy: A Rare Complication
Authors: Hassan Mohamad Hasyizan , Hassan Wan Mohd Nazaruddin Wan , Kandasamy Regunath , Chong Soon Eu 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA combination of scalp block and monitored anesthesia care (MAC) is one of the options among anesthetic techniques that can be used during an awake craniotomy for epilepsy surgery. Even though a scalp block is useful as locoregional analgesia during the surgery, it also has the potential to cause some complications. Trigeminocardiac reflex and transient facial nerve palsies have previously been reported following scalp block. The toxicity of local anesthetic agents and nerve injuries present other potential complications. However, complete unilateral ptosis is a rare complication after scalp block. We report a case of unilateral complete mechanical ptosis after a scalp block using ropivacaine 0.75% for an awake craniotomy for epilepsy surgery.
Adipose tissue lipolytic inhibition enhances the glucoregulatory properties of exercise in type 2 diabetes patients
Authors: Hansen Dominique , Verboven Kenneth , van Dijk Jan‐Willem , Zorenc Antoine , Minten Lennert , Smeets Kevin , Verdijk Lex B. , van Loon Luc J. C. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTAims: Exercise combined with adipose tissue lipolytic inhibition augments intramuscular lipid and glycogen use in type 2 diabetes patients. The present study investigates the impact of adipose tissue lipolytic inhibition during exercise on subsequent postprandial glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients.Methods: Fourteen male type 2 diabetes patients (age 65 ± 2 years, HbA1c 6.7 ± 0.1% (50 ± 2 mmol/mol)) participated in a double‐blind placebo‐controlled randomized cross‐over study in which subjects performed endurance‐type exercise after being administered 250 mg of a nicotinic acid analogue (acipimox; ACP) or a placebo (PLA). A control experiment was included in which no exercise was performed (CON).Results: Sixty minutes of endurance‐type exercise (at 45% Wpeak) did not significantly lower circulating plasma glucose and insulin excursions in PLA when compared with CON (P = .300). Acipimox administration strongly reduced circulating plasma FFA concentrations during exercise (P < .001). Circulating plasma glucose and insulin excursions were substantially lower during 7.5 h of recovery from exercise (i.e. postprandial) in ACP when compared with either CON (P = .041 and P = .002, respectively) or PLA (P = .009 and P = .001, respectively).Conclusions: Collectively, exercise with adipose tissue lipolytic inhibition reduces postprandial blood glucose and insulin excursions and, as such, further improves glycemic control in male type 2 diabetes patients.
Hot hands, cold feet? Investigating effects of interacting constraints on place kicking performance at the 2015 Rugby Union World Cup
Authors: Pocock Chris , Bezodis Neil E. , Davids Keith , North Jamie S. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPlace kicks in Rugby Union present valuable opportunities to score points outside the spatiotemporal dynamics of open play but are executed under varying performance constraints. We analysed effects of specific task constraints and relevant contextual factors on place kick performance in the 2015 Rugby Union World Cup. Data were collected from television broadcasts for each place kick. In addition to kick outcomes, contextual factors, including time of the kick in the match, score margin at the time of the kick, and outcome of the kicker's previous kick, were recorded. Effects of spatial task constraints were analysed for each kick, using distance (m) and angle (°) of the kick to the goalposts. A binomial logistic regression model revealed that distance from, and angle to, the goalposts were significant predictors of place kick outcome. Furthermore, the success percentage of kickers who missed their previous kick was 7% lower than those who scored their previous kick. Place kick success percentage in the 10 minutes before half‐time was 8% lower than the mean tournament success percentage, which was 75% (95% CI 71–78%). The highest kick success percentage was recorded when scores were level (83%; 95% CI 72–91%). Our data highlighted how subtle changes in task constraints and contextual factors can influence performance outcomes in elite performers in international competition. Fluctuations in place kick success suggested that individual constraints, such as thoughts, emotions and fatigue, induced during competition, could interact with perceptions to influence emergent performance behaviours.
Temporal transcriptomic analysis of metabolic genes in maternal organs and placenta during murine pregnancy†
Authors: Paquette Alison , Baloni Priyanka , Holloman Anisa B , Nigam Sanjay , Bammler Theo , Mao Qingcheng , Price Nathan D 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMaternal pregnancy adaptation is crucial for fetal development and long-term health. Complex interactions occur between maternal digestive and excretory systems as they interface with the developing fetus through the placenta, and transcriptomic regulation in these organs throughout pregnancy is poorly understood. Our objective is to characterize transcriptomic changes across gestation in maternal organs and placenta. Gene expression was quantified in the kidney, liver, and small intestine harvested from nonpregnant and pregnant FVB mice at four time points and placenta at three time points (N = 5/time point) using Affymetrix Mouse Gene 1.0 ST arrays. In maternal organs, we identified 476 genes in the liver, 207 genes in the kidney, and 27 genes in the small intestine that were differentially expressed across gestation (False Discovery Rate [FDR] adjusted q < 0.05). The placenta had a total of 1576 differentially expressed genes between the placenta at either/gd15 or gd19 compared to gd10. We identified a number of pathways enriched for genes differentially expressed across gestation, including 5 pathways in the placenta, 9 pathways in the kidney, and 28 pathways in the liver, including the citrate cycle, retinol metabolism, bile acid synthesis, and steroid bile synthesis, which play functional roles in fetal development and pregnancy maintenance. Characterization of normal longitudinal changes that occur in pregnancy provides context to understand how perturbations in these biochemical pathways and perturbations in nutrient signaling may impact pregnancy.
Pioneering into the past: Regional literacy developments in Italy before Italy†
Authors: Ciccarelli Carlo , Weisdorf Jacob 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBlindfolded by a lack of earlier systematic data, comparative studies of regional developments in historical Italy begin with the formation of the Italian state, in 1861. We use literacy rates reported in post-1861 population censuses combined with the fact that literacy skills were usually achieved during youth to predict regional literacy developments all the way back to 1821. Our analysis informs ongoing debates about the origins and long-run evolution of Italy’s north–south divide. By lifting the veil into Italy’s pre-unification past, we establish that the north–south literacy gap was substantial already in 1821, grew markedly wider in the first half of the nineteenth century, only to revert back in 1911 to the 1821 level. Gender gaps in literacy essentially close in the north during 1821–1911, while in the south they registered a secular stagnation. This opens an avenue for investigating a new dimension of the north–south gap largely overlooked in the existing literature.
Targeted Pregnancy and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Prevention Risk-Reduction Counseling for Young Women: Lessons Learned from Biomedical Prevention Trials
Authors: Ramjee Gita , Dassaye Reshmi , Reddy Tarylee , Wand Handan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundWomen enrolled in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention efficacy trials receive counseling on prevention of HIV, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and pregnancy during every visit. Incident pregnancy has an impact on efficacy outcomes. Incidence rates of pregnancy and HIV/STIs among women who became pregnant and associated risk factors were assessed.MethodsData from 9165 women participating in HIV prevention trials in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa from 2002–2012 were combined. Demographic and behavioral predictors of incidence pregnancy and incidence HIV and STIs were determined using Cox regression models.ResultsOverall pregnancy incidence was 9.6 per 100 person-year (py) (95% confidence interval [Cl], 9.1–10.3). Human immunodeficiency virus incidence among pregnant women was 5.93 per 100 py (95% Cl, 4.73–7.44). Incidence of STIs among pregnant women for Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Treponema pallidum (syphilis) were 10.87, 7.42, 3.92, and 1.43 per 100 py, respectively. In the adjusted analyses, we observed overlapping risk factors for HIV acquisition during pregnancy, ie, young age, not married/not cohabitating, and low parity. The risk of pregnancy and HIV acquisition is more than 3 times higher among young women (&lt;20 years of age).ConclusionsWe identified overlapping risk factors for pregnancy and HIV incidence, suggesting an urgent need for appropriate, targeted, individual-centred counseling for women participating in HIV prevention trials.