bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New onset non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease after resection of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Mackay Tara Michella , Genç Cansu Güney , Takkenberg Robert Bart , Besselink Marc Gerard , Somers Inne , Nieveen van Dijkum Elisabeth Jacqueline Maria 
Published: March 2018

Background and ObjectivesNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non‐alcoholic steatohepatis (NASH) may occur after pancreatic resection due to exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI). Patients with long‐term survival, such as after pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (pNET) resection, are at risk of NAFLD/NASH. We aimed to determine the incidence and risk factors for new onset NAFLD/NASH and EPI after pNET resection.MethodsRetrospective monocenter cohort study. Patients who underwent pNET resection (1992‐2016) were assessed for new onset NAFLD/NASH and EPI. Postoperative NAFLD/NASH was determined by a blinded abdominal radiologist, who compared pre‐ and postoperative imaging.ResultsOut of 235 patients with pNET, a total of 112 patients underwent resection and were included with a median follow‐up of 54 months. New onset NAFLD/NASH occurred in 20% and EPI in 49% of patients. Multivariate analysis showed that the only risk factor for new onset NAFLD/NASH was recurrent disease (OR 4.4, 95% CI 1.1‐16.8, P = 0.031), but not EPI (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.3‐2.8, P = 0.911). The only risk factor for EPI was pancreatoduodenectomy (OR 4.3, 95% CI 1.4‐13.7, P = 0.012).ConclusionsNew onset NAFLD/NASH is occasionally found after pNET resection, especially in patients with recurrent disease, but is not related to EPI.
Determination of oxalate and citrate in urine by capillary electrophoresis using solid‐phase extraction and capacitively coupled contactless conductivity based on an improved mini‐cell
Authors: Zhao Shengnan , Yin Dan , Du Huifang , Tian Xiangyu , Chen Yanlong , Zhang Wenfen , Yu Ajuan , Zhang Shusheng 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA new method for the rapid determination of the metabolites oxalate and citrate in urine samples was based on capillary electrophoresis and capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection coupled with solid‐phase extraction. The detection cell for capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection was improved with a smaller inner volume (1.5 nL), reduced noise (0.2∼0.5 mV) and better reproducibility and durability. Under optimal conditions, oxalate and citrate can achieve baseline separation within 4 min and the detection limits (S/N = 3) for oxalate and citrate are about 44 and 244 ng/mL, respectively. The overall recovery is between 80.0 and 89.2%. This method offers a better choice for quantitative analysis of strong anions such as oxalate and citrate in diagnostic testing associated with human diseases.
Adsorbed hollow fiber‐based biological fingerprinting for the discovery of platelet aggregation inhibitors from Danshen–Honghua decoction
Authors: Zhang Qian , Tan Cheng‐Ning , Wang Ya‐li , Liu Wen‐Jing , Yang Feng‐Qing , Chen Hua , Xia Zhi‐Ning 
Published: March 2018

AbstractFor lead compound discovery from natural products, hollow fiber cell fishing with chromatographic analysis is a newly developed method. In this study, an adsorbed hollow fiber‐based biological fingerprinting method was firstly developed to discover potential platelet aggregation inhibitors from Danshen–Honghua decoction. Platelets were seeded on the fiber and their survival rate was tested. Results indicated that more than 92% platelets survived during the whole operation process. Ranitidine and tirofiban were used as positive and negative control respectively to verify the reliability of the presented approach. The main variables such as amount of extract and stirring time that affect the adsorbed hollow fiber‐based biological fingerprinting process were optimized, and the repeatability of this method was also investigated. Finally, 12 potential active compounds in Danshen–Honghua decoction were successfully detected using the established approach and structures for nine of them were tentatively identified by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry analysis. In addition, the in vitro platelet aggregation inhibition test was carried out for five of the nine hit compounds, and three active components, namely, lithospermic acid, salvianolic acid A, and salvianolic acid B were confirmed. These results proved that the proposed method could be an effective approach for screening platelet inhibitors from plant extracts.
Beyond the stereotypes: Opportunities in China inbound tourism for second‐tier European destinations
Authors: Jørgensen Matias Thuen , Law Rob , King Brian Edward 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe existing literature has often represented Chinese tourists in broad and stereotypical ways, as a new generation of bumbling camera‐waving tourists showing minimal regard for the local environments that they encounter. However, as Chinese have become more experienced travellers, they have diversified and changed their behaviours. Among these various changes, an increasing number of Chinese tourists have begun exploring second‐tier destinations. By focussing on Chinese travellers to less visited second‐tier destinations, this paper goes beyond the stereotypical representations of this fast‐maturing market. It illustrates the heterogeneity of Chinese tourism, and its advantages for second‐tier European destinations.
Isolated Fallopian Tube Torsion: A Unique Ultrasound Identity or a Serial Copycat?
Authors: Raban Oded , Zilber Hila , Hadar Eran , Efrat Zeev , Krissi Haim , Wiznitzer Arnon , Meizner Israel , Bardin Ron 
Published: March 2018

ObjectivesTo report the preoperative ultrasound (US) signs of isolated fallopian tube torsion in surgically verified cases and to estimate whether preoperative US detection of this condition can be improved.MethodsThe charts of 27 women with a surgical diagnosis of isolated fallopian tube torsion at a tertiary medical center from 2005 to 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Data were collected from the electronic database of the US unit and compared with the surgical findings.ResultsIsolated fallopian tube torsion was correctly diagnosed by US before surgery in 8 of the 27 women (29.6%). In the remainder, the US signs were attributed to torsion of the ovary or the entire adnexa (n = 13), or no torsion was suspected (n = 6). Fallopian tube edema was listed as a US finding in 7 patients, of whom 5 had a correct diagnosis of isolated fallopian tube torsion. The presence of a paraovarian cyst concomitant with normal‐appearing ovaries was assumed by US in 5 of the 8 cases that were accurately diagnosed as isolated fallopian tube torsion. The most misinterpreted US finding was an ovarian cyst (suspected in 10 patients and verified at surgery in 2). Absence of blood flow was described in 12 women, of whom 5 had an accurate diagnosis of isolated fallopian tube torsion. Six of the patients with a correct US diagnosis were adults (37.5% of total adults), and 2 were adolescents (18.2% of total adolescents).ConclusionsThe US diagnosis of isolated fallopian tube torsion is challenging. A high index of suspicion is necessary to improve its detection, especially when there are possible US signs of torsion in the presence of a normal‐appearing ovary.
Short‐ and long‐term outcomes of oropharyngeal cancer care in the elderly
Authors: Motz Kevin , Herbert Robert J. , Fakhry Carole , Quon Harry , Kang Hyunseok , Kiess Ana P. , Eisele David W. , Koch Wayne M. , Frick Kevin D. , Gourin Christine G. 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveTo examine associations between pretreatment variables, short‐term and long‐term swallowing and airway impairment, and survival in elderly patients (age > 65 years) treated for oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer (SCCA).Study DesignRetrospective analysis of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)‐Medicare data.MethodsLongitudinal data from 666 patients diagnosed with oropharyngeal SCCA from 2004 to 2007 were evaluated using cross‐tabulations, multivariate logistic regression, and survival analysis.ResultsDysphagia (odds ratio [OR] = 1.3, 1.0–1.7), esophageal stricture (OR = 5.5, 2.6–11.9), and airway obstruction (OR = 1.6, 1.1–2.2) increased 1 year after treatment. The odds of airway obstruction, esophageal stricture, and pneumonia increased over subsequent years, with significantly increased risk at 5 years for airway obstruction (OR = 3.0, 1.4–6.4), pneumonia (OR = 4.5, 1.8–11.2), and stricture (OR = 5.5, 1.8–17.6). Pretreatment dysphagia was a significant predictor of long‐term dysphagia, airway obstruction, and pneumonia. Chemoradiation, advanced stage disease, high‐volume hospital care, male sex, and salvage surgery were significant predictors of long‐term gastrostomy use. Long‐term dysphagia, gastrostomy or tracheostomy dependence, weight loss, airway obstruction, and pneumonia were associated with poorer survival, with tracheostomy dependence (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.2, 1.7–2.9) and pneumonia (HR = 2.0, 1.7–2.4) associated with the greatest risk of late mortality.ConclusionAirway and swallowing impairment is common after treatment of oropharyngeal SCCA in elderly patients, increases over time, and is associated with poorer survival. Patients with pretreatment dysphagia, advanced stage disease, initial treatment with chemoradiation, and salvage surgery represent a high‐risk group with an increased risk of disability and death.Level of Evidence2c. Laryngoscope, 128:2084–2093, 2018
Expression of tenascin‐C in a rat vocal fold injury model and its regulation of fibroblasts
Authors: Li Juan , Liu Yiqiong , Wang Yiming , Xu Wen 
Published: March 2018

Objectives/HypothesisTenascin‐C (Tnc) is an extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoprotein that plays a vital role in wound healing and fibrotic disease. Tnc is highly upregulated soon after vocal fold injury, but its function in the vocal fold has not yet been defined. In this study, we investigated Tnc expression in a rat vocal fold injury model in vivo and its roles in fibroblasts in vitro.Study DesignIn vivo and in vitro.MethodsTnc mRNA and protein expression levels were quantified on days 3, 7, 14, 28, and 56 after vocal fold injury in Sprague‐Dawley rats. In vitro, immunocytochemistry, Western blot, and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) analyses were performed in primary rat vocal fold fibroblasts following Tnc or transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1 stimulation to investigate the phenotypic effects.ResultsTnc mRNA and protein expression was upregulated dramatically on days 3 and 7 after injury, and significant differences were observed by qRT‐PCR (P < .01). In vitro, Tnc significantly stimulated the migration of primary vocal fold fibroblasts. Following incubation with Tnc for 72 hours, α‐smooth muscle actin, collagen I, and fibronectin expression was significantly upregulated (P < .05). TGF‐β1 increased Tnc expression in a time‐dependent manner, and a mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 (SMAD3) inhibitor attenuated this TGF‐β1‐induced stimulation.ConclusionsTnc was highly upregulated during the early postinjury period in vivo and promoted vocal fold fibroblast migration, transdifferentiation, and ECM protein synthesis in vitro. Tnc was induced by TGF‐β1 in a SMAD3‐dependent manner. Transient expression of Tnc is likely to promote regeneration, but its potential role in fibrosis requires further study.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 128:E316–E322, 2018
The effect of postoperative steroids on post‐tonsillectomy pain and need for postoperative physician contact
Authors: Redmann Andrew J. , Maksimoski Matthew , Brumbaugh Cheryl , Ishman Stacey L. 
Published: March 2018

Objectives/HypothesisExamine the effect of postoperative steroids on postoperative physician contacts and determine the hemorrhage rate for patients taking postoperative steroids.Study DesignRetrospective review of medical records.MethodsA retrospective review was performed of children undergoing tonsillectomies before and after the institution of a standard postoperative course of three doses of dexamethasone (0.5 mg/kg). Tylenol and ibuprofen were also used for all patients, with oxycodone given as a rescue medication for children ≥6 years of age. Postoperative hemorrhage rate (all visits to the emergency department [ED] with concern for post‐tonsillectomy hemorrhage), return to the ED for pain, and phone calls to the office for pain were recorded.ResultsA total of 1,200 children were included (300 without and 900 with steroids); there was no difference in age or weight between groups. Overall, the mean age was 6.6 ± 2.1 years and the hemorrhage rate was 7%. Parental phone calls decreased from 23.3% prior to steroid use to 14.7% after (P < .001), and post‐tonsillectomy hemorrhage rates decreased from 9.7% to 5.7% (P = .02). There was no difference in ED visit rates (P = 0.70). Regression analysis showed that bleeding increased by 4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1%‐13%) for each increasing year of age (P < .001), whereas postoperative steroids decreased hemorrhage rates by 7% (95% CI: 1%‐9% reduction) (P = .013). The risk of a phone call increased by 2% for each year of age; postoperative steroids decreased phone calls by 9% (P < .001). There were no steroid‐related complications within 1 month of surgery.ConclusionsA short course of postoperative steroids decreased the number of postoperative phone calls for pain by 9% after tonsillectomy, and decreased the risk of postoperative tonsillectomy hemorrhage by 7%.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 128:2187–2192, 2018
Assessing nontechnical skills in otolaryngology emergencies through simulation‐based training
Authors: Wu Kitty Y. , Kim Stephanie , Fung Kevin , Roth Kathryn 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveNontechnical skills (NTS) are essential to emergency crisis management. Due to the rarity of true emergencies, they are challenging to teach and assess within a competency‐based curriculum. Our purpose is to evaluate the utility of the Non‐Technical Skills in Surgery (NOTSS) scale in NTS assessment in simulated otolaryngology and head and neck surgery (OTO–HNS) emergencies and identify common challenges that residents encounter.MethodsMixed methods analysis of 15 junior OTO–HNS resident teams in four simulated emergency scenarios. Six raters rated resident NTS performance using the NOTSS score. Constructivist‐grounded theory was used to analyze scenario video transcripts to identify areas of learner difficulty to guide future simulation development.ResultsResidents scored highest in situational awareness and lowest in leadership domains. Raters showed good consistency and reliability overall (Cronbach's alpha = 0.885). There was no statistical difference in ratings between surgical experts and nonexperts. Qualitative analysis demonstrated challenges with closed‐loop communication and handling transitions of leadership with the scenarios.ConclusionSimulation‐based training is an effective modality to teach NTS in crisis resource management. The NOTSS rating scale is a reliable instrument for assessing NTS in simulated OTO–HNS emergencies. Incorporating the NOTSS scale for NTS assessment within a competency‐based curriculum is recommended.Level of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 128:2301–2306, 2018
Cochlear implantation and auditory brainstem implantation in neurofibromatosis type 2
Authors: Peng Kevin A. , Lorenz Mark B. , Otto Steven R. , Brackmann Derald E. , Wilkinson Eric P. 
Published: March 2018

Objectives/HypothesisTo report a series of patients with neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2), where each patient underwent both cochlear implantation and auditory brainstem implantation for hearing rehabilitation, and to discuss factors influencing respective implant success.Study DesignRetrospective case series.MethodsTen NF2 patients with both cochlear implantations and auditory brainstem implantations were retrospectively reviewed. Speech testing for auditory brainstem implants (ABIs) and cochlear implants (CIs) was performed separately. Scores at last follow‐up were obtained for Iowa vowels and consonants, Northwestern University Children's Perception of Speech (NU‐CHIPS), and City University of New York (CUNY) sentences.ResultsMean age at time of implant was 37 years for cochlear implantation and 40 years for auditory brainstem implantation (P = .790, t test). Nine of 10 patients had a CI and ABI on contralateral sides, and one had both devices on the same side. Mean duration of deafness in the implanted ear was 4.3 years for both cochlear implantation and auditory brainstem implantation (P = .491, t test). Follow‐up range was 1 to 28 years. CI performance on NU‐CHIPS was 32% to 100%, and sound + lip‐reading CUNY was 56% to 100%. Four patients experienced an eventual decline in CI function to unusable levels. ABI performance on NU‐CHIPS was 40% to 80%, and sound + lip‐reading CUNY was 38% to 94%. There was no notable decline in ABI function over time.ConclusionsIf the cochlear nerve is intact, cochlear implantation can be an effective strategy for hearing rehabilitation in NF2. However, a significant proportion experience a decline in CI performance related to growing vestibular schwannoma or tumor treatment. Auditory brainstem implantation remains the standard option for surgical hearing rehabilitation in NF2, but peak performance is generally lower than that achievable with cochlear implantation.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 128:2163–2169, 2018
Nature‐based solutions: The need to increase the knowledge on their potentialities and limits
Authors: Fernandes João Paulo , Guiomar Nuno 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis paper analyzes the concept of nature‐based solutions as instruments to turn anthromes more nature compatible, efficient, causing less degradation, and developing new biodiversity hotspots. It is mainly focused on solutions using living organisms (in particular plants and microorganisms) to perform functions such as those of soil‐ and water‐bioengineering interventions in order to ensure the safety of human infrastructures and constructions in contexts of conflict between natural processes and human needs. Further, it handles the problematic of reintroducing natural processes and functions in the built environment (urban, industrial, infrastructures, etc.) in order to recover, recreate, or reinvent nature in humanized landscapes and developing a more creative relation between humans and natural elements, processes, and functions. It presents, furthermore, the contribution of natural solutions to a wide variety of decontamination processes and prevention and recovery of degraded land and natural resources. Finally, we discuss the way these solutions can be implemented and the cultural, organizational, administrative and governance, paradigmatic, and practice changes it implies. Examples are given on the different issues presented as well on the possible implementation solutions.
Dietary Fatty Acids Differentially Regulate Secretion of Adiponectin and Interleukin‐6 in Primary Canine Adipose Tissue Culture
Authors: Mazaki‐Tovi Michal , Bolin Steven R. , Schenck Patricia A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on canine adipose tissue secretion of adiponectin, interleukin‐6 (IL6), and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNFα). Subcutaneous and omental visceral adipose tissue samples were collected from 16 healthy intact female dogs. Concentrations of adiponectin were measured in mature adipocyte cultures, and concentrations of IL6 and TNFα were measured in undifferentiated stromovascular cell (SVC) cultures following treatment with eicosapentaenic acid (EPA, 20:5n‐3), arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n‐6), or palmitic acid (PAM, 16:0) at 25, 50, or 100 μM. Secretion of adiponectin from mature adipocytes was higher (p < 0.001) following EPA treatment at 50 μM compared to control in subcutaneous tissue, and higher following EPA treatment compared to PAM treatment at 25 μM in both subcutaneous (p < 0.001) and visceral tissues (p = 0.010). Secretion of IL6 from SVC derived from subcutaneous tissue was lower following EPA treatment and higher following PAM treatment compared to control both at 50 μM (p = 0.001 and p = 0.041, respectively) and 100 μM (p = 0.013 and p < 0.001, respectively). These findings of stimulation of adiponectin secretion and inhibition of IL6 secretion by EPA, and stimulation of IL6 secretion by PAM, are consistent with findings of increased circulating concentrations of adiponectin and decreased circulating concentration of IL6 in dogs supplemented with dietary fish oil, and show that the effect of fish oil on circulating concentrations of adiponectin and IL6 is, at least partially, the result of local effects of EPA and PAM on adipose tissue.
Achieving Sustained Virological Response in Liver Transplant Recipients With Hepatitis C Decreases Risk of Decline in Renal Function
Authors: Satapathy Sanjaya K. , Joglekar Kiran , Molnar Miklos Z. , Ali Bilal , Gonzalez Humberto C. , Vanatta Jason M. , Eason James D. , Nair Satheesh P. 
Published: March 2018

The effect of antiviral therapy (AVT) on kidney function in liver transplantation (LT) recipients has not been well described despite known association of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We compared the incidence of CKD and end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) in 204 LT recipients with HCV based on treatment response to AVT. The mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at baseline (3 months after LT) was similar in the sustained virological response (SVR; n = 145) and non‐SVR group (n = 59; 69 ± 21 versus 65 ± 33 mL/minute/1.73 m2; P = 0.27). In the unadjusted Cox proportional regression analysis, the presence of SVR was associated with an 88% lower risk of CKD (hazard ratio, 0.12; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.05‐0.31) and 86% lower risk of ESRD (odds ratio, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.05‐0.35). Similar results were found after adjusting for propensity score and time‐dependent Cox regression analyses. The estimated slopes of eGFR based on a 2‐stage mixed model of eGFR were calculated. Patients with SVR had a less steep slope in eGFR (–0.60 mL/minute/1.73 m2/year; 95% CI, –1.50 to 0.30; P = 0.190) than recipients without SVR (–2.53 mL/minute/1.73 m2/year; 95% CI, –3.99 to –1.07; P = 0.001), and the differences in the slopes were statistically significant (P = 0.026). In conclusion, in LT recipients with chronic HCV infection, achieving SVR significantly lowers the risk of decline in renal function and progression to ESRD independent of the AVT therapy used.
An Inexpensive, Portable Device for Point‐of‐Need Generation of Silver‐Nanoparticle Doped Cellulose Acetate Nanofibers for Advanced Wound Dressing
Authors: Brako Francis , Luo Chaojie , Craig Duncan Q. M. , Edirisinghe Mohan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis short communication describes the design and assembly of a new, miniaturized electrospinner to produce nanofibers at the site of need for drug delivery and wound dressing applications. The portable apparatus would eliminate the storage and transportation concerns with regards to the delicate nature of drug‐loaded nanofibers, thereby preserving product integrity at the site of use. Furthermore, the setup features a smaller size, a cheaper price, and components that are readily obtainable off‐the‐shelf, compared to those of available devices that are custom‐built and more expensive, making it desirable and accessible for other users in the field. As a proof‐of‐concept for wound care, the device is successfully used to electrospin three types of nanofibers comprised of pure cellulose acetate (CA), and CA respectively doped with 0.75 and 1.5 wt% silver nanoparticles. The miniaturized device is useful on account of the popularity of electrospinning as well as the potential to minimize wound infection due to the reduced manipulation of both the dressing and the wound from product generation to the point of need. Work is in progress to further develop the portable device and compare its product performance with traditional wound dressing materials for clinical translation.