bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weight Programming in DNN Analog Hardware Accelerators in the Presence of NVM Variability
Authors: Mackin Charles , Tsai Hsinyu , Ambrogio Stefano , Narayanan Pritish , Chen An , Burr Geoffrey W. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCrossbar arrays of nonvolatile memory (NVM) can potentially accelerate development of deep neural networks (DNNs) by implementing crucial multiply–accumulate (MAC) operations at the location of data. Effective weight‐programming procedures can both minimize the performance impact during training and reduce the down time for inference, where new parameter sets may need to be loaded. Simultaneous weight programming along an entire dimension (e.g., row or column) of a crossbar array in the context of forward inference and training is shown to be important. A framework for determining the optimal hardware conditions in which to program weights is provided, and its efficacy in the presence of considerable NVM variability is explored through simulations. This strategy is shown capable of programming 98–99% of weights effectively, in a manner that is both largely independent of the target weight distribution and highly tolerant to variability in NVM conductance‐versus‐pulse characteristics. The probability that a weight fails to reach its target value, termed Pfail, is quantified and the fundamental trade‐off between Pfail and weight programming speed is explored. Lastly, the impact of imperfectly programmed weights on DNN test accuracies is examined for various networks, including multi‐layer perceptrons (MLPs) and long short‐term memory (LSTM).
Interfacial Solar‐to‐Heat Conversion for Desalination
Authors: Liu Huidong , Huang Zhi , Liu Kang , Hu Xuejiao , Zhou Jun 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSolar desalination is a promising and sustainable solution for water shortages in the future. Interfacial solar‐to‐heat conversion for desalination has attracted increasing attention in the past decades, due to the heat localization induced high thermal efficiency, simple structure, and low cost. In this review, the authors summarize and analyze the critical processes involved in such a solar desalination system, including the thermal conversion and transport, salt dissipation, and vapor manipulation. Mathematical models of heat transfer and salt dissipation are also built for quantitative analysis of systematic performance relative to properties of employed materials and system designs. Recent efforts devoted to improving the overall thermal efficiency, salt rejection, and water yield are then summarized. Based on the analysis and previous results, opportunities for further interfacial solar desalination development are highlighted.
Peroxydisulfate‐Mediated Transition‐Metal‐Free Oxidative C(sp3)−H Bond Lactonization
Authors: Nozawa‐Kumada Kanako , Kurosu Satoshi , Shigeno Masanori , Kondo Yoshinori 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAn inexpensive, powerful, and eco‐friendly method for transition‐metal‐free oxidative C(sp3)−H bond lactonization was developed using sodium peroxydisulfate as the sole oxidant. The cyclization of 2‐alkylbenzoic acids containing a primary, secondary or tertiary carbon at the benzylic position proceeded smoothly, affording a variety of lactone derivatives. Furthermore, various functional groups such as halogen, cyano, nitro and hydroxy groups were tolerated under the reaction conditions.
Household composition and the infant fecal microbiome: The INSPIRE study
Authors: Lane Avery A. , McGuire Michelle K. , McGuire Mark A. , Williams Janet E. , Lackey Kimberly A. , Hagen Edward H. , Kaul Abhishek , Gindola Debela , Gebeyehu Dubale , Flores Katherine E. , Foster James A. , Sellen Daniel W. , Kamau‐Mbuthia Elizabeth W. , Kamundia Egidioh W. , Mbugua Samwel , Moore Sophie E. , Prentice Andrew M. , Kvist Linda J. , Otoo Gloria E. , Rodríguez Juan M. , Ruiz Lorena , Pareja Rossina G. , Bode Lars , Price William J. , Meehan Courtney L. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectivesEstablishment and development of the infant gastrointestinal microbiome (GIM) varies cross‐culturally and is thought to be influenced by factors such as gestational age, birth mode, diet, and antibiotic exposure. However, there is little data as to how the composition of infants' households may play a role, particularly from a cross‐cultural perspective. Here, we examined relationships between infant fecal microbiome (IFM) diversity/composition and infants' household size, number of siblings, and number of other household members.Materials and methodsWe analyzed 377 fecal samples from healthy, breastfeeding infants across 11 sites in eight different countries (Ethiopia, The Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Peru, Spain, Sweden, and the United States). Fecal microbial community structure was determined by amplifying, sequencing, and classifying (to the genus level) the V1–V3 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Surveys administered to infants' mothers identified household members and composition.ResultsOur results indicated that household composition (represented by the number of cohabitating siblings and other household members) did not have a measurable impact on the bacterial diversity, evenness, or richness of the IFM. However, we observed that variation in household composition categories did correspond to differential relative abundances of specific taxa, namely: Lactobacillus, Clostridium, Enterobacter, and Klebsiella.DiscussionThis study, to our knowledge, is the largest cross‐cultural study to date examining the association between household composition and the IFM. Our results indicate that the social environment of infants (represented here by the proxy of household composition) may influence the bacterial composition of the infant GIM, although the mechanism is unknown. A higher number and diversity of cohabitants and potential caregivers may facilitate social transmission of beneficial bacteria to the infant gastrointestinal tract, by way of shared environment or through direct physical and social contact between the maternal–infant dyad and other household members. These findings contribute to the discussion concerning ways by which infants are influenced by their social environments and add further dimensionality to the ongoing exploration of social transmission of gut microbiota and the “old friends” hypothesis.
Validation of a rhinologic virtual surgical simulator for performing a Draf 3 endoscopic frontal sinusotomy
Authors: Won Tae‐Bin , Cho Sung‐Woo , Sung Myung‐Whun , Paek Sun Ha , Chan Sonny , Salisbury Kenneth , Blevins Nikolas H. , Vaisbuch Yona , Hwang Peter 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundWe recently introduced a patient‐specific rhinologic virtual surgical environment (VSE) that has shown potential for surgical rehearsal of various skull base lesions. Our aim in this study was to validate the usefulness of the rhinology VSE in performing the Draf 3 procedure.MethodsAn outside‐in Draf 3 procedure was performed on 4 cadaver heads. Computed tomography (CT) scans were obtained before and after cadaver dissection (CD). Pre‐dissection CT scans were used to construct a cadaver‐specific VSE. A virtual Draf 3 dissection (VD) was performed using the same technique. Validation was conducted by comparing the final common frontal outflow tract. A subjective comparison of the post‐dissection endoscopic findings (CD vs VD) and an objective measurement using the post‐dissection CT scan for the CD and the reconstructed CT scan obtained from the data after the VD was performed.ResultsSubjective overall resemblance of the 2 dissections (CD vs VD) assessed by the 4‐point Likert scale (0‐3) was 2.5 (median interquartile range [IQR], 0.25) for the 4 cadavers. The median difference for the anteroposterior dimension of the frontal neo‐ostium (CD vs VD) assessed in the midsagittal view was 0.11 mm, whereas the median difference for the lateral dimension assessed in the coronal view was 2.71 mm. Thus, no statistical difference was observed.ConclusionVD showed nearly matching results with the actual cadaver dissection. With further validation, our rhinologic VSE may be used for presurgical planning and rehearsal before the actual Draf 3 procedure is performed in the operating room.
Postoperative epistaxis and sphenoid sinus ostial stenosis after posterior septal branch injury during sphenoidotomy
Authors: Kam Joanna , Ahmad Abid , Williams Amy , Peterson Edward L. , Craig John R. 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundPostoperative arterial epistaxis and sphenoid sinus stenosis after sphenoidotomies for endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) and transsphenoidal approaches (TSAs) are uncommon. One potential source of epistaxis after sphenoidotomy is the sphenopalatine artery's posterior septal branch (PSB). PSB injury, in addition to other factors, could increase the risk of sphenoid stenosis. The purpose of this study was to determine incidence of, and risks factors for, the following outcomes after sphenoidotomy: PSB injury; postoperative epistaxis from the injured PSB; and sphenoid stenosis after PSB injury.
MethodsA single‐institution, prospective case series was conducted based on 233 sphenoidotomies performed during ESS (n = 163) and TSAs (n = 70). Outcome measures included intraoperative PSB injury, postoperative epistaxis from the PSB, and sphenoid stenosis.ResultsThe incidence of PSB injury was 17.2% during ESS‐related sphenoidotomies, and 5.7% during TSA‐related sphenoidotomies (p = 0.010). After PSB injury during ESS‐ and TSA‐related sphenoidotomies (n = 32), there was 1 instance of epistaxis from the PSB (3.1%). Of the 161 ESS‐related sphenoidotomies, 6 developed complete or near‐complete stenosis (3.7%), which was more likely to occur with smaller anterior sphenoid face dimensions (p = 0.001). PSB injury, revision sphenoidotomy, and other factors did not increase the risk of stenosis. None of the TSA‐related sphenoidotomies stenosed completely. Median follow‐up was 7 months.ConclusionPSB injury occurred in 17.2% of ESS‐related sphenoidotomies and 5.8% of TSA‐related sphenoidotomies. After PSB injury, postoperative epistaxis from the PSB was rare (3.1%). After ESS‐related sphenoidotomies, sphenoid stenosis was rare (3.7%), and was more likely to occur with smaller sphenoid dimensions, but not with PSB injury or other factors.
In vitro anti‐proliferative and in silico docking studies of heteroleptic copper(II) complexes of pyridazine‐based ligands and ciprofloxacin
Authors: Rafi U. Muhammed , Mahendiran D. , Kumar R. Senthil , Rahiman A. Kalilur 
Published: April 2019

Three heteroleptic copper(II) complexes of the type [Cu(L1–3)(cf)(ClO4)] (1–3), where cf = ciprofloxacin, have been synthesized using pyridazine‐based ligands 3‐chloro‐6‐(salicylidenehydrazinyl)pyridazine (HL1), 3‐chloro‐6‐(4‐diethylaminosalicylidenehydrazinyl)pyridazine (HL2) and 3‐chloro‐6‐(5‐bromosalicylidenehydrazinyl)pyridazine (HL3). Electronic spectral data and magnetic moment values suggest octahedral geometry for the synthesized copper(II) complexes. Electrochemical data of the copper(II) complexes present an irreversible one‐electron reduction wave in the cathodic potential region (Epc) between −0.631 and −0.670 V. Frontier molecular orbital calculations were carried out, and the obtained low‐energy gap supports the bio‐efficacy of the complexes. All the complexes were screened for their in vitro cytotoxicity activity against three human cancerous (breast adenocarcinoma (MCF‐7), hepatoma (HepG‐2) and cervical (HeLa)) and one non‐cancerous (non‐tumorigenic human dermal fibroblast (NHDF)) cell lines using MTT assay, in which complex 2 exhibited higher activity. The apoptosis induction by the complexes was analysed using the Hoechst dye staining method with MCF‐7 cell line, which indicates higher apoptotic activity of complex 2. A molecular docking study was carried out to ascertain the binding affinity of the synthesized heteroleptic copper(II) complexes with phosphoinositide 3‐kinase gamma (PI3Kγ) receptor.
The effect of iron oxide nanoparticles on the mechanical relaxation of magnetic polymer hybrid films composed of a polystyrene matrix, a fractional calculus approach
Authors: Rentería‐Baltiérrez F. Y. , Reyes‐Melo M. E. , López‐Walle B. , García‐Loera A. F. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTA magnetic polymer hybrid film (MPHF) with a thickness of ~80 μm, composed of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) in a polystyrene (PS) matrix, was successfully prepared. Its structure and morphology were analyzed by HRTEM, XRD, and FTIR. The optical and magnetic behaviors were studied by UV–Vis spectroscopy and VSM, respectively. The main relaxation of the MPHF was characterized by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and the molecular mobility was analyzed by a fractional Zener model (FZM). Results obtained by DMA reveal the mechanical manifestation of the
α‐relaxation for both, PS and MPHF, and how this process is modified by IONPs into MPHFs. Good agreement between experimental DMA spectra and the theoretical results calculated from the FZM was obtained. Fractional parameters
a and
b characterize the molecular mobility at low and high temperatures, respectively. These results show that at low temperatures (
a parameter), molecular mobility is slightly affected by the presence of IONPs, while at high temperatures (
b parameter), molecular mobility is affected in a greater degree. IONPs decrease the molecular mobility of PS matrix; this effect is more pronounced at temperatures above the glass transition temperature. These results validate the effect of IONPs on PS matrix considering future applications of the MPHFs. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47840.
Energy transfer induced white‐light‐emitting phosphor by co‐doping Ce3+, Tb3+ and Mn2+ into the single Ba9Lu2Si6O24 host
Authors: Teng Yongfu 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn the Ba9Lu2Si6O24 (BLS) host, Ce3+ shows cyan emissions peaking at 490 nm under 400 nm excitations. BLS:Tb3+ only can be effectively excited by 254 nm light and gives rise to green emissions at 553 nm. However, both the cyan and green emissions can be obtained in BLS:Ce3+,Tb3+ under 400 nm excitations due to effective energy transfers from Ce3+ to Tb3+. BLS:Mn2+ shows red emissions peaking at 610 nm under 414 nm excitations. By co‐doping Ce3+, Tb3+ and Mn2+, tunable full‐color emissions were obtained. The BLS:0.3Ce3+,0.6Tb3+,0.15Mn2+ single phosphor exhibits a white light with a high color rendering index of 85 and a correlated color temperature of 5480 K under 400 nm excitation.
Matrix metalloproteinase‐9 gene polymorphisms are associated with ischemic stroke severity and early neurologic deterioration in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Yi Xingyang , Zhou Qiang , Sui Guo , Fan Daofeng , Zhang Yongyin , Shao Minjie , Han Zhao , Luo Hua , Lin Jing , Zhou Ju 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe mechanisms of ischemic stroke severity and early neurologic deterioration (END) are not fully understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of six variants in MMP‐9 gene with ischemic stroke severity and the risk for END in ischemic stroke (IS) patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).MethodsThis was a multi‐center, prospective, observational study of 615 acute IS patients with AF admitted to six participating hospitals between June 2016 and October 2017. Ischemic stroke severity was assessed using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score on admission. END was defined as an increase of four or more points in NIHSS within 10 days of admission. Six variants of MMP‐9 gene were examined using mass spectrometry.ResultsAmong the 615 enrolled patients, 112 (18.2%) patients presented with moderate or severe stroke (NIHSS score ≥16), and 108 (17.6%) patients suffered from END within 10 days of admission. Multiple logistic analysis showed that prestroke antiplatelet therapy, prestroke anticoagulant therapy, rs3918242 CT/TT, and rs3787268 AG/GG were independent predictors for stroke severity. Cox proportional hazard regression revealed that diabetes mellitus, prestroke antiplatelet therapy, prestroke anticoagulant therapy, rs1056628 AC/CC, and rs3918242 CT/TT were independently associated with the risk of END.ConclusionsThe incidence of moderate or severe stroke and END was very common in acute IS patients with AF. MMP‐9 polymorphisms were independently associated with severe stroke and higher risk of END, and prestroke antithrombotic treatment was associated with less severe stroke and lower risk of END in patients with AF.
Melorheostosis in the pediatric hand
Authors: Farr Sebastian 
Published: April 2019

Key Clinical MessageIt is important to consider the rare case of a melorheostosis in patients presenting with soft tissue swelling, joint contractures, and “dripping candle wax”‐like hyperostoses visible on hand radiographs. Clinical sequelae such as carpal tunnel syndrome or trigger finger have to be ruled out. Symptomatic therapy is usually sufficient.
Planar‐Chiral [2.2]Paracyclophane‐Based Pyridonates as Ligands for Tantalum‐Catalyzed Hydroaminoalkylation
Authors: Braun Carolin , Nieger Martin , Bräse Stefan , Schafer Laurel L. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBy using planar chiral [2.2]paracyclophane‐containing N,O‐chelating ligands for tantalum‐catalyzed hydroaminoalkylation, one of the most versatile catalytic systems for this reaction to date was obtained. Convenient Csp3−Csp3 bond formation of amines with terminal and internal alkenes was enabled by the same in situ synthesized catalytic system of [2.2]paracyclophane‐based pyridonates and Ta(CH2TMS)3Cl2 that shows also very promising results for N‐containing heterocycles.
Structure‐Function Relationships in Fructose Dehydration to 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural under Mild Conditions by Porous Ionic Crystals Constructed with Analogous Building Blocks
Authors: Yamada Takumi , Kamata Keigo , Hayashi Eri , Hara Michikazu , Uchida Sayaka 
Published: April 2019

Abstract5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is an important bio‐based chemical, which has been recognized as a key platform chemical for furan‐based polymers, biomass‐derived fuels, fine chemicals, and pharmaceuticals. Catalytic conversion of fructose into HMF is an important reaction, and the development of an efficient heterogeneous catalysts with high selectivity towards HMF is highly desired. In this study, several porous ionic crystals with a Keggin‐type polyoxometalate [PW12O40]3− and a macrocation [Cr3O(OOCCH2CN)6(H2O)3]+ as building blocks are synthesized, and the structures are solved by single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The catalytic activities are basically dependent on the porosity, and the compound with a mesopore (aperture: 3 nm×2 nm) showed the highest HMF yield (30 % at 353 K in methanol/toluene solvent).
Ist der Vergleich von Einsturzhäufigkeiten und Versagenswahrscheinlichkeiten sinnvoll?
Authors: Proske Dirk 
Published: April 2019

KurzfassungDie Berechnung der Versagenswahrscheinlichkeit von technischen Erzeugnissen im Allgemeinen und Bauwerken im Besonderen ist heute Stand der Wissenschaft und Technik. In diesem Beitrag werden berechnete Versagenswahrscheinlichkeiten von Kernkraftwerken, Brücken und Dämmen mit beobachteten Versagenshäufigkeiten verglichen. Im Anschluss daran werden die Ergebnisse des Vergleichs diskutiert und es wird thematisiert, ob solche Vergleiche sinnvoll sind.
Tragverhalten von mechanischen Befestigungen in dünnen Betonbauteilen
Authors: Schwenn Michael , Niederkofler Hagen , Zeman Oliver 
Published: April 2019

KurzfassungIn diesem Beitrag werden Grenzfälle in der Anwendung von nachträglichen Befestigungen in dünnen Bauteilen bzw. dünnen Platten diskutiert. Bisher waren die meisten Produkte auf eine Anwendung in Bauteilen mit einer Mindestbauteildicke von h = 100 mm begrenzt, mittlerweile gibt es auch Produkte, welche einen Anwendungsbereich bis zu h ≥ 80 mm erlauben. Diese Mindestbauteildicke ist im Rahmen des Bewertungsverfahrens experimentell zu überprüfen und der Einfluss auf die Auszugslast zu bestimmen. Es wurden Versuchsreihen auf dünnen Bauteilen mit einer Stärke von 8 cm mit unterschiedlichen Abstützweiten und zum Vergleich auf Platten mit einer Stärke von 30 cm durchgeführt. Hierbei zeigt sich, dass die max. Auszugslasten in den Platten mit einer Stärke von 8 cm im Durchschnitt um ca. 20–40 % geringer sind als jene der Vergleichsversuche in der Platte mit einer Stärke von 30 cm. Insbesondere sind Unterschiede in den aufgetretenen Versagensarten festzustellen. Ein genereller Einfluss durch eine Biegung im dünnen Bauteil bei großen Abstützweiten auf die Tragfähigkeit konnte auf Basis der Versuche nicht festgestellt werden.
Assessment of the behavior of vertical ties in RC structures under progressive collapse
Authors: Droogné Didier , Botte Wouter , Caspeele Robby 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDespite the recent amount of theoretical and technological developments, structural robustness is still an issue of controversy being underlined by several progressive collapses in the past. Current design codes point out different strategies, among which strategies to limit progressive structural damage by applying prescriptive design and detailing rules. For example, for consequence class 2 structures, EN1991‐1‐7 defines a risk class CC2b for which also vertical ties are required. However, the background of the design values of vertical ties in current codes is not clear and their adequacy should be validated. Moreover, effects such as membrane action and Vierendeel action are important to consider when assessing structural robustness and are difficult to incorporate when applying only traditional design methodologies. To this extent, a set of numerical simulations have been executed in this contribution in order to verify and investigate the progressive collapse behavior of RC frames including the redistribution of internal forces and the response of the vertical ties in columns.
Effizienter Ultrahochleistungsbeton mit innovativer trajektorienorientierter „Bewehrung“
Authors: Lauff Philipp , Fischer Oliver 
Published: April 2019

KurzfassungDie Verwendung von Hochleistungs‐ und Ultrahochleistungsbeton hat in den letzten Jahren vielversprechende Ergebnisse gezeigt und es wurden erste Brückenbauwerke und Gebäude aus diesen Werkstoffen hergestellt. Dabei kommen im Regelfall Stahl‐ und Mikrostahlfasern zur Verstärkung der Zugzone zum Einsatz. Es wird jedoch nur in wenigen Fällen ein überkritischer Fasergehalt angestrebt, da damit einerseits die Verarbeitbarkeit erschwert wird und andererseits auch die Kosten entsprechend ansteigen. Anders verhalten sich Carbonkurzfasern, die mittels einer Düsentechnik gezielt ausgerichtet werden und so die Zugfestigkeit des Verbundwerkstoffs um ein Vielfaches steigern können. Bei einem solchen „Carbonkurzfaserbeton“ (carbon short fibre reinforced concrete, CSFRC) liegt das Augenmerk ausdrücklich auf dem für überkritische Fasergehalte typischen Tragverhalten. Dabei lassen sich besonders leistungsfähige Bauteile herstellen (i. d. R. im 3‐D‐Druckverfahren), wenn die Ausrichtung der in die Zementmatrix eingebetteten Carbonfasern am Verlauf der Hauptzugspannungen orientiert wird.
Perforierte Betonschalen
Authors: Sobek Werner , Kovaleva Daria , Gericke Oliver 
Published: April 2019

KurzfassungDie für die Errichtung von Schalentragwerken einzusetzenden Mengen an Material können durch eine gradierte Perforation in großem Umfang reduziert werden. Perforation wird dabei als eine zweidimensionale Porosität definiert. Ihre Gradierung erfolgt anhand des Spannungszustands innerhalb einer Struktur und verfolgt das Ziel maximaler Gewichtsreduktion bei gleichbleibender Tragfähigkeit. In diesem Beitrag wird die Methode zur Entwicklung einer gradierten Perforation sowie deren Validierung beschrieben. Die Validierung erfolgte anhand eines Demonstrators eines 6 × 6 × 3,5 m Schalentragwerks, dessen Gewicht durch die Perforation um 40 % reduziert werden konnte.