bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inside‐container effects drive mosquito community structure in Brazilian Atlantic forest
Authors: Albeny‐Simões Daniel , da Silva Pedro Giovâni , Breaux Jennifer Ann , Hernández Malva Isabel Medina 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMetacommunity theory is a convenient framework in which to investigate how local communities linked by dispersal influence patterns of species distribution and abundance across large spatial scales. For organisms with complex life cycles, such as mosquitoes, different pressures are expected to act on communities due to behavioral and ecological partitioning of life stages. Adult females select habitats for oviposition, and resulting offspring are confined to that habitat until reaching adult stages capable of flight; outside‐container effects (OCE) (i.e., spatial factors) are thus expected to act more strongly on species distributions as a function of adult dispersal capability, which should be limited by geographic distances between sites. However, larval community dynamics within a habitat are influenced by inside‐container effects (ICE), mainly interactions with conspecifics and heterospecifics (e.g., through effects of competition and predation). We used a field experiment in a mainland‐island scenario to assess whether environmental, spatial, and temporal factors influence mosquito prey and predator distributions and abundances across spatial scales: within‐site, between‐site, and mainland‐island. We also evaluated whether predator abundances inside containers play a stronger role in shaping mosquito prey community structure than do OCE (e.g., spatial and environmental factors). Temporal influence was more important for predators than for prey mosquito community structure, and the changes in prey mosquito species composition over time appear to be driven by changes in predator abundances. There was a negligible effect of spatial and environmental factors on mosquito community structure, and temporal effects on mosquito abundances and distributions appear to be driven by changes in abundance of the dominant predator, perhaps because ICE are stronger than OCE due to larval habitat restriction, or because adult dispersal is not limited at the chosen spatial scales.
Self‐perceptions about the profession of dentistry—comparisons between Lithuanian and Polish University graduating students
Authors: Aleksejūnienė Jolanta , Načaitė Marija , Pūrienė Alina , Bachanek Teresa , Chałas Renata 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimTo examine the perceptions and overall satisfaction about the dental profession amongst the final‐year student cohorts from the Lithuanian and Polish universities.Material and MethodsFor the Lithuanian cohort, the response rate was 95% (N = 143) and for the Polish cohort it was 99% (N = 123). The survey included a pre‐tested questionnaire with multiple questions from three domains: (a) Sociodemographic, (b) Influences of others and (c) Dentistry Profession.ResultsPolish university students were older (25.3 ± 2.6 years) than Lithuanian students (23.5 ± 1.6 years), more Lithuanian (83.1%) students were single compared to Polish cohort (34.7%), and more students graduating in Poland (43.4%) were males compared to the Lithuanian students (26.6%). In both countries, students were mostly influenced towards their choice of dentistry by their parents/relatives and positive experiences. Similar profession‐related dimensions were identified for student from both countries: (a) the prestige of the profession, (b) job‐related security, and (c) self‐realisation. Satisfaction with a profession differed substantially between the two student cohorts, but none of the sociodemographic predictors explained this variation satisfactorily.ConclusionsSociodemographic differences were found between the students from Lithuanian and Polish universities. Yet, both student cohorts were similarly influenced towards choosing dentistry. The profession's prestige, job security and self‐realisation were the most important profession‐related dimensions. Polish university students were more satisfied with the profession than Lithuanian students.
Exploration of the factors that influence new Australian dental graduates to work rurally and their perspectives of rural versus metropolitan employment
Authors: Johnson George , Foster Kirsty , Blinkhorn Anthony , Wright Fredrick Clive 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe challenges in the recruitment and retention of dentists in rural Australia have contributed to a lack of dental service provision to rural communities. This paper explores the workforce factors involved in the employment location decisions of dentists' post‐graduation.Materials and methodsGraduates between 2009 and 2013 from the University of Sydney, Dental School, were asked to complete a telephone interview related to their employment history. A total of 135 interviews were conducted, with 63% (135/214) of contactable graduates, or 33.4% (135/404) of all the graduates (2009‐2013). Interviews followed a semi‐structured script.ResultsKey factors which positively impacted on rural employment included the following: job competition in metropolitan areas, good rural salaries, financial incentives, clinical experience, rural lifestyle and professional mentorship. Barriers were as follows: proximity to friends and family, building a social and professional network, isolation, less professional support and reduced access to education.ConclusionRecommendations to increase rural employment include: competitive rural salaries, financial incentives and formal mentorship during both recruitment and integration into a rural community. Dental schools should consider advertising identified drivers of rural employment, namely good salaries, full‐time employment, clinical experience and rural lifestyle. This study provides important information related to rural employment and rural retention.
Acute physical exercise increases APPL1/PI3K signaling in the hypothalamus of lean mice
Authors: Gaspar Rafael Calais , Muñoz Vitor Rosetto , Kuga Gabriel Keine , Nakandakari Susana Castelo Branco Ramos , Crisol Barbara Moreira , Lenhare Luciene , Breda Leonardo , Botezelli José Diego , Sant'Ana Marcella Ramos , da Silva Adelino S. R. , Cintra Dennys Esper , de Moura Leandro Pereira , Ropelle Eduardo Rochete , Pauli José Rodrigo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAdiponectin is an adipokine that acts in the control of energy homeostasis. The adaptor protein containing the pleckstrin homology domain, phosphotyrosine‐binding domain, and leucine zipper motif 1 (APPL1) is a key protein in the adiponectin signaling. The APPL1 mediates a positive effect on the insulin signaling through the interaction with the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K). Thus, the present study aimed to explore the effects of an acute physical exercise session on the hypothalamic adiponectin signaling. Firstly, using bioinformatics analysis, we found a negative correlation between hypothalamic APPL1 mRNA levels and food consumption in several strains of genetically diverse BXD mice. Also, the mice and the human database revealed a positive correlation between the levels of APPL1 mRNA and PI3K mRNA. At the molecular level, the exercised mice showed increased APPL1 and PI3K (p110) protein contents in the hypothalamus of Swiss mice. Furthermore, the exercise increases co‐localization between APPL1 and PI3K p110 predominantly in neurons of the arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus (ARC). Finally, we found an acute exercise session reduced the food intake 5 hr after the end of fasting. In conclusion, our results indicate that physical exercise reduces the food intake and increases some proteins related to adiponectin pathway in the hypothalamus of lean mice.
Land‐use change and the ecological consequences of personality in small mammals
Authors: Brehm Allison M. , Mortelliti Alessio , Maynard George A. , Zydlewski Joseph 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMany plants rely on animals for seed dispersal, but are all individuals equally effective at dispersing seeds? If not, then the loss of certain individual dispersers from populations could have cascade effects on ecosystems. Despite the importance of seed dispersal for forest ecosystems, variation among individual dispersers and whether land‐use change interferes with this process remains untested. Through a large‐scale field experiment conducted on small mammal seed dispersers, we show that an individual's personality affects its choice of seeds, as well as how distant and where seeds are cached. We also show that anthropogenic habitat modifications shift the distribution of personalities within a population, by increasing the proportion of bold, active, and anxious individuals and in‐turn affecting the potential survival and dispersal of seeds. We demonstrate that preserving diverse personality types within a population is critical for maintaining the key ecosystem function of seed dispersal.
Cav3.2 T‐type calcium channel mutation influences kindling‐induced thalamic neuronal firing patterns in Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats From Strasbourg
Authors: Çarçak Nihan , Ali Idrish , Powell Kim , Zheng Thomas , Onat Filiz , O'Brien Terence J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveRecent data indicate that amygdala kindling leads to significant changes in interictal neuronal firing patterns of thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) neurons by decreasing the spontaneous firing rate and increasing burst firing in nonepileptic control (NEC) rats. Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats From Strasbourg (GAERS) were resistant to these kindling‐induced firing changes in TRN neurons, and are also resistant to the progression of kindling. We investigated whether a homozygous, missense, single nucleotide mutation (R1584P) in the Cav3.2 T‐type Ca2+ channel gene, which has been correlated with the expression of absence seizures in GAERS, influenced kindling progression and TRN firing patterns.MethodsDouble‐crossed (GAERS vs NEC; F2) rats that were homozygous for the Cav3.2 mutation (PP) and those negative for the mutation (RR) were implanted with a stimulating electrode in the amygdala. Rats received a total of 30 kindling stimulations at their afterdischarge threshold current twice daily, and kindling progression was evaluated. Thereafter, the extracellular neuronal activity of TRN neurons was recorded in vivo under neuroleptanesthesia to investigate the influence of Cav3.2 mutation on TRN firing patterns.ResultsWe found that the R1584P mutation did not affect kindling progression in F2 crosses (P = 0.78). However, it influenced kindling‐induced neuronal firing of TRN neurons. After 30 stimulations, RR rats exhibited a lower firing rate and a higher percentage of burst firing compared to PP rats. The decrease in firing frequency was correlated with the increase in the amount of burst firing in RR rats (R2 = 0.497).SignificanceOur findings suggest that mutation in Cav3.2 T‐type Ca2+ channels may play a role in the resistance to kindling‐induced changes in TRN neurons to a low‐frequency and high‐percentage bursting pattern seen in association with the convulsive stages of amygdala kindling, but is not in itself enough to explain the resistance to kindling progression observed in GAERS.
Multiple species within the Striated PriniaPrinia crinigera–Brown PriniaP. polychroacomplex revealed through an integrative taxonomic approach
Authors: Alström Per , Rasmussen Pamela C. , Sangster George , Dalvi Shashank , Round Philip D. , Zhang Ruiying , Yao Cheng‐Te , Irestedt Martin , Le Manh Hung , Lei Fumin , Olsson Urban 
Published: June 2019

We re‐evaluated the taxonomy of the Striated PriniaPrinia crinigera–Brown PriniaP. polychroacomplex using molecular, morphological and vocal analyses. The extensive seasonal, sexual, age‐related, geographical and taxon‐specific variation in this complex has never before been adequately studied. As no previous genetic or vocal analyses have focused on this group, misinterpretation of taxonomic signals from limited conventional morphological study alone was likely. Using mitochondrial and nuclearDNA, we found thatP. crinigera sensu lato(s.l.) comprises two non‐sister groups of taxa (Himalayancrinigeraand Chinesestriatagroups) that differ substantially morphologically and vocally and that are broadly sympatric in Yunnan Province, China.Prinia polychroa cooki(Myanmar) andP. p. rocki(southern Vietnam) are each morphologically, vocally and genetically distinct. Thai, Cambodian and Laotian populations formerly ascribed toP. p. cookiare morphologically and vocally most similar to and most closely related to JavanP. p. polychroa, and require a new name, proposed here.Prinia p. bangsiof Yunnan is part of thecrinigeragroup rather than ofP. polychroa, and hence there is no evidence for sympatry betweenP. polychroa s.l. andP. crinigera s.l., nor of the occurrence ofP. polychroain mainland China or Taiwan. We recommend the recognition of five species in the complex, with the following suggestions for new English names: Himalayan PriniaP. crinigera sensu stricto(s.s.; with subspeciesstriatula, crinigera, yunnanensisandbangsi); Chinese PriniaP. striata(subspeciescatharia,parumstriataandstriata); Burmese PriniaP. cooki(monotypic); Annam PriniaP. rocki(monotypic) and Deignan's PriniaP. polychroa s.s. (subspecies Javanpolychroaand the new Southeast Asian taxon). This study underlines the importance of using multiple datasets for the elucidation of diversity of cryptic bird species and their evolutionary history and biogeography.
TNF‐α differently regulates TRPV2 and TRPV4 channels in human dental pulp cells
Authors: Liu J. , Zhao Z. , Wen J. , Wang Y. , Zhao M. , Peng L. , Zang C. , Que K. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimTo investigate the influence of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α on transient receptor potential channel vanilloid subfamily type 2 (TRPV2) and TRPV4 channels in human dental pulp cells (HDPCs), and explore the potential downstream signalling pathway mediating this process.MethodologyImmunofluorescence staining and ratiometric calcium imaging were used to confirm the expression and activation of TRPV2 and TRPV4 channels. Different regulations of 1 and 10 ng mL−1 as well as short‐ and long‐term TNF‐α treatments to TRPV2 and TRPV4 response were examined by RT‐qPCR, Western blot analysis, flow cytometry and ratiometric calcium imaging. Functions of TNF receptor (TNFR)1 and p38 MAPK signalling pathways in this process were also detected by respective inhibitors. Immunoelectron microscopy (IEM) was used to examine long‐term effect of TNF‐α on TRPV2 expression at the subcellular level. Data were analysed statistically with t‐test, and one‐way analysis of variance was used with the non‐parametric Mann–Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis tests. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05.ResultsTRPV2 and TRPV4 channels were activated by respective agonists in HDPCs. Neither TRPV2 nor TRPV4 channels were upregulated by 1 ng mL−1 TNF‐α (P > 0.05). TRPV2, but not TRPV4, was upregulated by 10 ng mL−1 TNF‐α (P < 0.05). Both short‐ and long‐term treatments with 10 ng mL−1 TNF‐α significantly enhanced TRPV2 responses, whereas only short‐term treatment of TNF‐α increased TRPV4 response (P < 0.05). Moreover, the inhibitors of TNFR and p38 both significantly decreased the TNF‐α‐induced up‐regulation of TRPV channels (P < 0.05). At the subcellular level, prolonged TNF‐α treatment significantly increased the functional expression of the TRPV2 channel especially in the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria.ConclusionsLow and high concentrations, as well as short‐ and long‐term TNF‐α treatments regulated the activity of TRPV2 and TRPV4 channels in HDPCs differently, and this effect might be mediated by TNFR1 and p38 MAPK signalling pathways. IEM was used to confirm that prolonged TNF‐α treatment significantly increased the functional expression of the TRPV2 channel at a subcellular level.
Healthy work environments are critical for nurse job satisfaction: implications for Oman
Authors: Albashayreh Alaa , Al Sabei Sulaiman D. , Al‐Rawajfah Omar M. , Al‐Awaisi Huda 
Published: June 2019

AimsTo (1) examine the level and variability of nurse work environment and job satisfaction and (2) explore how nurse job satisfaction in tertiary hospitals in Oman is influenced by the nurses' characteristics and work environment.BackgroundIn Oman and the Middle East, a scarcity of research addressing nurse work environment and job satisfaction exists. Such evidence is necessary for policymaking to positively impact nurse job outcomes, and therefore, quality of care.MethodsWe used a cross‐sectional descriptive design employing a sample of 454 local and expatriate nurses who responded to a self‐administered questionnaire.ResultsThe work environment was favourable, and it positively correlated with job satisfaction. Nationality, education, hospital type, staffing, resources and participation in hospital affairs were significant predictors of nurse job satisfaction. The greatest amount of variation in nurse job satisfaction was explained by the work environment.ConclusionThe influence of work environment on nurse job satisfaction is greater than nurse characteristics and hospital and unit types. Enhancing nurse participation in hospital affairs and providing adequate staffing and resources are central means of establishing healthy work environments, which is an auspicious, cost‐effective strategy for satisfying, and therefore, retaining nurses.Implications for nursing and health policyTo enhance nurse work environment and job satisfaction in Oman and the Middle East, nurse and health leaders need to consider developing work and professional regulations and adopting policies to promote staffing, resources, wages, and benefits for nurses and encourage their promotion and career advancement; and foster nurse participation in hospital affairs.
Estimation of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus hospitalizations using sentinel surveillance data—La Paz, Bolivia. 2012–2017
Authors: Chavez Dabeyva , Gonzales‐Armayo Vicente , Mendoza Elvis , Palekar Rakhee , Rivera Rosario , Rodriguez Angel , Salazar Claudia , Veizaga Angel , Añez Arletta 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe objective was to estimate the number of hospitalizations associated with influenza and RSV using data from severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) sentinel surveillance from El Alto‐La Paz. Bolivia.MethodsAll persons who met the case definition for SARI at one sentinel hospital had a clinical sample collected and analyzed by rRT‐PCR for influenza and by indirect immunofluorescence for RSV. The SARI‐influenza and SARI‐RSV case counts were stratified by six age groups. The proportion of cases captured in the sentinel hospital in relation to the non‐sentinel hospitals of area was multiplied by the age‐specific census population, to build the denominators. The annual incidence and a 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated.ResultsDuring 2012‐2017, n = 2606 SARI cases were reported (average incidence 120/100 000 inhabitants [95% CI: 116‐124]); the average incidence of influenza‐associated SARI hospitalization was 15.3/100 000 (95% CI: 14.1‐16.7), and the average incidence of RSV‐associated SARI hospitalization was 9/100 000 inhabitants (95% CI: 8.1‐10.1). The highest incidence of influenza was among those less than one year of age (average 174.7/100 000 [range: 89.1‐299.5]), followed by those one to four years of age (average 51.8/100 000 [range: 19.8‐115.4]) and then those 65 years of age and older (average 47.7/100 000 [range: 18.8‐117]). For RSV, the highest incidence was highest among those less than one year of age (231/100 000 [range: 119.9‐322.9]).ConclusionInfluenza and RSV represent major causes of hospitalization in La Paz, Bolivia—with the highest burden among children under one year of age. Our estimates support current prevention strategies in this age group.
Editing the Reactive Genome: Towards a Postgenomic Ethics of Germline Editing
Authors: Guttinger Stephan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe reported birth of genetically modified twins in late 2018 has given new fuel to debates about the ethics of germline genome editing (GGE). There is a broad consensus among stakeholders that clinical uses of GGE should be temporarily banned as the technology is not yet deemed safe for use in humans. However, the idea of a complete ban is dismissed by many based on the expectation that more research will eventually allow scientists to make the technology safe without having to put humans at risk first. In this article, I will analyse this assumption and argue that it is undermined by recent developments in the postgenomic life sciences. In particular, I will argue that in a postgenomic view of germline editing a complete ban on specific uses of the technology is warranted, because the research needed to assess the safety of these interventions would not be morally defensible.
The herbivorous fish family Kyphosidae (Teleostei: Perciformes) represents a recent radiation from higher latitudes
Authors: Knudsen Steen Wilhelm , Choat J. Howard , Clements Kendall D. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimHerbivorous reef fishes are considered to have difficulty digesting plant material at extratropical temperatures and are thus largely restricted to tropical waters where they are thought to have evolved. However, the herbivorous Kyphosidae, with both temperate and tropical species, provides an ideal opportunity to test this view. Previous studies have resolved the taxonomy and distribution patterns of all species. Here, we use a calibrated phylogeny to analyse the age, geographical origin and pattern of diversification of kyphosids to determine their origins in space and time, and thus refine hypotheses on the evolutionary origins of herbivory in reef fishes.LocationPacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Western Australia.MethodsThe age and geographic origin of Kyphosidae were determined by incorporating fossil calibrations and species distributions onto a phylogeny of all extant species based on fragments from mitochondrial markers and three nuclear markers, and using Bayesian modelling to reconstruct ancestral distributions. Evolution of both diet and tooth shape was also examined using ancestral reconstruction.ResultsAncestral reconstruction suggested a subtropical, Southern Hemisphere Indo‐Pacific origin for the family. The chronogram indicates that Kyphosus originated in the early Miocene and that tropical diversity reflects very recent diversification.Main conclusionsContrary to the general perception that herbivorous reef fishes invaded high latitudes from the tropics, herbivorous kyphosids evolved at intermediate latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere and subsequently diversified into low latitudes where several species dispersed recently to achieve circumglobal distributions. The southern temperate/subtropical reef environment appears to have generated episodes of diversification in several, well‐established, widespread reef fish taxa. Some of these reef fish taxa have remained restricted to southern temperate reef environments despite a long tenure in the Cenozoic (e.g. odacines and aplodactylids), and some such as the kyphosids which diversified very recently in both hemispheres resulting in both regional endemics and species with worldwide distributions.
Recovery of complete left bundle branch block following heart failure improvement by left bundle branch pacing in a patient
Authors: Li Yuqiu , Chen Keping , Dai Yan , Li Chao , Sun Qi , Chen Ruohan , Yan Lirong , Lin Jinxuan , Zhang Shu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA 57‐year‐old male presented with symptomatic systolic heart failure and complete left bundle branch block (LBBB). Left bundle branch pacing corrected LBBB at a low capture threshold (0.5V @0.4ms) with right bundle branch conduction delay and paced QRS morphology changed to near‐normal by adjusting AV delay with diminished RBBD. At 1‐year follow‐up, the patient had a significant improvement in heart failure and LBBB automatically resolved with a rate‐dependent pattern. LBBP may be an alternative to conventional cardiac resynchronization therapy with the likelihood of recovery of LBBB. More research is needed to evaluate the potential use of this pacing strategy in patients with LBBB and heart failure.