bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary arterial hypertension in systemic lupus erythematosus based on a CSTAR‐PAH study: Baseline characteristics and risk factors
Authors: Zhang Na , Li Mengtao , Qian Junyan , Wang Qian , Zhao Jiuliang , Yang Zhenwen , Tian Zhuang , Zhang Xiao , Zuo Xiaoxia , Zhang Miaojia , Zhu Ping , Ye Shuang , Zhang Wei , Zheng Yi , Qi Wufang , Li Yang , Zhang Zhuoli , Ding Feng , Gu Jieruo , Liu Yi , Wei Wei , Zeng Xiaofeng 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a complex and devastating complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We sought to describe the baseline characteristics of right heart catheterization (RHC)‐confirmed SLE‐associated PAH and identify risk factors for PAH in SLE patients.MethodsA multicenter, cross‐sectional study was conducted using the Chinese SLE Treatment and Research group (CSTAR) registry. Baseline data for patients with SLE‐associated PAH and SLE patients without PAH were collected and compared. Risk factors for PAH among patients with SLE were identified.ResultsA total of 292 patients with SLE‐associated PAH were enrolled. RHC was used to reveal hemodynamic features, including mean pulmonary arterial pressure (46.2 ± 12.0 mm Hg), pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (7.84 ± 3.92 mm Hg), pulmonary vascular resistance (10.86 ± 5.57 Wood units), and cardiac index (2.77 ± 0.91 L/min × m2). A multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that serositis (odds ratio [OR] = 5.524, 95% CI 3.605‐8.465, P < 0.001), anti‐ribonucleoprotein (RNP) antibody positivity (OR = 13.332, 95% CI 9.500‐18.710, P < 0.001), and diffusion capacity of carbon monoxide in the lung (DLCO)/%Pred <70% (OR = 10.018, 95% CI 6.619‐15.162, P < 0.001) were independent predictors of PAH. We recommend using transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) to perform early screening of SLE patients who have serositis, anti‐RNP antibody positivity, or DLCO/%Pred <70%. RHC is suggested for patients suspected of having PAH. Once a diagnosis of SLE‐PAH is confirmed, evaluation and treatment should immediately begin.ConclusionOverall, we recommend performing early screening using TTE in SLE patients with serositis, anti‐RNP antibodies, or a DLCO/%Pred <70%, even for patients in a relatively stable condition according to SLE disease activity index.
Negotiating Colonial Violence: Spaces of Precarisation in Palestine
Authors: Joronen Mikko 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper examines the ways in which colonial violence is transformed and spatialised into negotiated precarities at the occupied Palestine. The notion of “negotiated precarity” is developed herein, to refer to two aspects in particular. First, to spatial compartmentalisation, which shows how the settler colonial power operates by creating precarious administrative zones, where the life of the colonised becomes prone to several flexible, negotiated uses of power. Second, negotiated precarity is used to refer to the conduct of the colonised that counters, transforms, redirects, cancels or hampers the colonial spatialisations of power. By focusing on the “negotiated precarities” in a singular West Bank village, I exemplify how the colonial governing is entwined with spatial compartments that enable several informal, indirect and ad hoc techniques of colonial violence, but also how the colonial governing is constantly mobilised, negotiated, countered and redirected in/through the everyday Palestinian spaces.
Early haemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus does not predict future persistence in extremely preterm infants
Authors: Olsson Karl Wilhelm , Jonzon Anders , Sindelar Richard 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimWe assessed whether early haemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA) predicted persistent patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in extremely preterm infants.MethodsThis prospective observational study of 60 infants born at 22–27 weeks of gestational age (GA) without any major congenital anomalies or heart defects was conducted at Uppsala University Children's Hospital from November 2012 to May 2015. Respiratory and systemic circulatory parameters were continuously recorded, and echocardiographic examinations performed daily during the first three days of life. Pharmacological treatment was initiated if hsPDA was found on days two to seven. Persistent PDA was diagnosed if hsPDA remained after pharmacological treatment or pharmacological treatment was contraindicated.ResultsThe infants (56% male) had a median GA of 25 + 2 weeks and 50% received pharmacological treatment. PDA was persistent in 30% and ultimately closed or insignificant in 70%. hsPDA on days two to seven was not associated with future persistent PDA (p = 1.000). Mechanical ventilation (p = 0.025), high mean airway pressure (p = 0.020) and low ductal maximal flow velocity (Vmax) (p = 0.024) on day two were associated with future persistent PDA.ConclusionEarly hsPDA did not predict persistent PDA, but the early need for assisted ventilation and low ductal Vmax were associated with future persistent PDA in these extremely preterm infants.
Determinants of neurodevelopment in early childhood – results from the Copenhagen prospective studies on asthma in childhood (COPSAC2010) mother–child cohort
Authors: Bjarnadóttir Elín , Stokholm Jakob , Chawes Bo , Thorsen Jonathan , Mora‐Jensen Anna‐Rosa Cecilie , Deleuran Maja , Bønnelykke Klaus , Lauritzen Lotte , Bisgaard Hans 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimThe objective of this study was to identify possible pre‐ and postnatal factors influencing neurodevelopment of the young child.MethodsWe used data from the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood 2010 (COPSAC2010) mother–child cohort, but excluded those with a neurological diagnosis, born <37 weeks of gestation and birthweights <2500 g, resulting in 650 children analysed. Neurodevelopment was assessed as age of achievement of early milestones, language scores at 1 and 2 years and cognitive score at 2 ½ years of age.ResultsNeurodevelopmental scores were not associated with breastfeeding, persistent wheeze, eczema and number of sick days (p > 0.05 in all tests). Early age at milestone achievement was associated with male sex (p = 0.05), lower maternal age (p = 0.02), higher gestational age (p < 0.001) and paternity leave (p = 0.01). A higher 1‐year language score was associated with female sex (p = 0.02) and maternal smoking during pregnancy (p = 0.01) and a higher 2‐year language score with female sex (p < 0.001) and being first born (p = 0.01). A higher cognitive score was associated with female sex (p = 0.02).ConclusionNeurodevelopmental scores were unrelated to breastfeeding, persistent wheeze, eczema and number of sick days. Neurodevelopment in early childhood was mostly associated with gender.
Chlamydia pneumoniae enhances Interleukin 8 (IL‐8) production with reduced azithromycin sensitivity under hypoxia
Authors: Matsuo Junji , Sakai Kohei , Okubo Torahiko , Yamaguchi Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2019

Obligate intracellular bacterium Chlamydia pneumoniae causes respiratory tract infections such as community‐acquired pneumonia. During infection, C. pneumoniae induces inflammatory responses in host cells and the oxygen concentration at the infection sites subsequently decreases. Because hypoxic conditions influence further inflammatory responses and reduced antibacterial effects, this may exacerbate the C. pneumoniae infection. Here, we show inflammatory responses and drug sensitivity in C. pneumoniae‐infected cells under hypoxic conditions. First, we confirmed the enhanced growth of C. pneumoniae under hypoxia, which indicates that the hypoxic condition we used could adequately reproduce past reports. We then demonstrated a significant increase in production of the pro‐inflammatory cytokine Interleukin 8 (IL‐8) in C. pneumoniae‐infected cells under hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, hypoxia decreased the antibacterial effects of azithromycin against C. pneumoniae compared with normoxic conditions. Together, our data suggest that inflammatory responses and drug sensitivity may have been underestimated in C. pneumoniae infection in previous studies. Thus, to accurately understand the Chlamydia infection, it may be necessary to perform in vitro experiments under hypoxic conditions.
Letter: anxiety after coeliac disease diagnosis predicts mucosal healing—a population‐based study. Authors’ reply
Authors: Emilsson Louise , Ludvigsson Jonas F. 
Published: February 2019

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Ludvigsson et al and Kilincalp and Haji papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14991 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15110.
Editorial: identifying candidates for pegylated interferon add‐on to entecavir therapy in patients with HBeAg‐positive chronic hepatitis B – authors' reply
Authors: Liem Kin Seng , Janssen Harry L. A. 
Published: February 2019

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Liem et al and Peng papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15098 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15136.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of voxelotor (GBT440) in healthy adults and patients with sickle cell disease
Authors: Hutchaleelaha Athiwat , Patel Mira , Washington Carla , Siu Vincent , Allen Elizabeth , Oksenberg Donna , Gretler Daniel D. , Mant Timothy , Lehrer‐Graiwer Josh 
Published: February 2019

AimsVoxelotor (previously GBT440) is a haemoglobin (Hb) modulator that increases Hb‐oxygen affinity, thereby reducing Hb polymerization and sickling of red blood cells (RBCs), being developed as a once‐daily oral drug to treat sickle cell disease (SCD). This first‐in‐human study evaluated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of voxelotor in healthy volunteers and SCD patients.MethodsA total of 40 healthy volunteers (100, 400, 1000, 2000 or 2800 mg) and 8 SCD patients (1000 mg) were randomly assigned to a single dose of voxelotor once daily (n = 6 per group) or placebo (n = 2 per group). Twenty‐four healthy volunteers received multiple doses of voxelotor once daily for 15 days (300, 600 or 900 mg, n = 6 per group) or placebo (n = 2 per group).ResultsVoxelotor was well tolerated and exhibited a linear pharmacokinetic profile and a half‐life ranging from 61 ± 7 h to 85 ± 7 h. High partitioning into the RBC compartment provides evidence of highly specific binding to Hb. Voxelotor exhibited a concentration‐dependent left‐shift of oxygen equilibrium curves. Percent Hb modification following 900 mg voxelotor for 15 days was 38 ± 9%. Terminal half‐life of voxelotor in SCD patients (50 ± 3 h) was shorter than in healthy volunteers. Evaluation of erythropoietin, exercise testing, and haematologic parameters were consistent with normal oxygen delivery during both rest and exercise.ConclusionThis first‐in‐human study demonstrates voxelotor was well tolerated in SCD patients and healthy volunteers and established proof of mechanism on increasing Hb‐oxygen affinity.
Pedagogical approaches for e‐assessment with authentication and authorship verification in Higher Education
Authors: Okada Alexandra , Noguera Ingrid , Alexieva Lyubka , Rozeva Anna , Kocdar Serpil , Brouns Francis , Ladonlahti Tarja , Whitelock Denise , Guerrero‐Roldán Ana‐Elena 
Published: February 2019

AbstractChecking the identity of students and authorship of their online submissions is a major concern in Higher Education due to the increasing amount of plagiarism and cheating using the Internet. The literature on the effects of e‐authentication systems for teaching staff is very limited because it is a novel procedure for them. A considerable gap is to understand teaching staff' views regarding the use of e‐authentication instruments and how they impact trust in e‐assessment. This mixed‐method study examines the concerns and practices of 108 teaching staff who used the TeSLA—Adaptive Trust‐based e‐Assessment System in six countries: the UK, Spain, the Netherlands, Bulgaria, Finland and Turkey. The findings revealed some technological, organisational and pedagogical issues related to accessibility, security, privacy and e‐assessment design and feedback. Recommendations are to provide a FAQ and an audit report with results, to raise awareness about data security and privacy, to develop policies and guidelines about fraud detection and prevention, e‐assessment best practices and course team support.
Child care subsidy and child maltreatment
Authors: Yang Mi‐Youn , Maguire‐Jack Kathryn , Showalter Kathryn , Kim Youn Kyoung , Slack Kristen Shook 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis study examined the relationship between receipt of child care subsidies and child maltreatment investigations in a sample of low‐income mothers in Illinois. We expected that receiving child care subsidies would have a protective effect on child maltreatment risk and therefore decrease the likelihood of child protective services investigations. Using structural equation modelling, we tested the direct and indirect paths of the receipt of child care subsidies to physical abuse or neglect. We found only direct effects of receiving child care subsidies on both physical abuse and neglect investigations. The findings suggest an important protective role of child care subsidies in the lives of low‐income families.
Hormone replacement therapies, oral contraceptives, reproductive factors and colorectal adenoma risk: a systematic review and dose–response meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Song J. , Jin Z. , Han H. , Li M. , Guo Y. , Guo H. , Guo W. , He J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimThe association between the use of oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or other reproductive factors and the risk of colorectal adenoma (CRA) remains controversial. Our study aimed to review the evidence by conducting a dose–response meta‐analysis to investigate this association.MethodsWe searched PubMed and Embase databases for relevant studies published until May 2017. Traditional and dose–response meta‐analyses were conducted. Sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the robustness of the results. Cumulative meta‐analysis was used to assess the risk of different oral contraceptive formulations or generations.ResultsA total of 19 observational studies, with 21 923 CRA cases and 1 030 711 participants, were included in the meta‐analysis. Ever HRT use showed a potential inverse association with CRA risk [relative risk (RR) 0.83, 95% CI 0.70–1.00]. The dose–response meta‐analysis further demonstrated that HRT use could reduce CRA risk. Compared with no HRT use, the predicted RRs were 0.82 (95% CI 0.67–0.99), 0.76 (95% CI 0.59–0.98) and 0.77 (95% CI 0.62–0.96) for 3, 6 and 9 years of HRT use, respectively. All other factors were not statistically significantly associated with CRA risk.ConclusionsThis study indicated that only HRT use might reduce the risk of developing CRA. Any advice regarding HRT use to prevent CRA should be tailored to the individual risks and potential benefits. Large, well‐designed prospective studies with long‐term follow‐up are required to further clarify the aetiology of CRA.
The bacterial community associated with adult vine weevil (Otiorhynchus sulcatus) in UK populations growing on strawberry is dominated by Candidatus Nardonella
Authors: Morera‐Margarit Pilar , Bulgarelli Davide , Pope Tom W. , Graham Robert I. , Mitchell Carolyn , Karley Alison J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOtiorhynchus sulcatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), commonly known as black vine weevil or simply vine weevil, is an important pest of soft fruit and ornamental crops. This species is endemic to temperate areas of Europe but has spread to many other areas over the last century, including North America and Australasia. The ability of vine weevils to adapt to such different environments is difficult to reconcile with the parthenogenetic reproduction strategy, which is likely to underpin a low genetic diversity. It is therefore tempting to hypothesize that weevil adaptation to different environments is mediated, at least partly, by the microbial communities inhabiting these insects. As a first step towards testing this hypothesis we characterized the composition of the bacterial microbiota in weevils from populations feeding on strawberry plants across four geographically separate locations in the UK. We performed 16S rRNA gene Illumina amplicon sequencing, generating 2 882 853 high‐quality reads. Ecological indices, namely Chao1 and Shannon, revealed that the populations used for this study harboured a low diversity and an uneven bacterial microbiota. Furthermore, β‐diversity analysis failed to identify a clear association between microbiota composition and location. Notably, a single operational taxonomic unit phylogenetically related to Candidatus Nardonella accounted for 81% of the total sequencing reads for all tested insects. Our results indicate that vine weevil bacterial microbiota resembles that of other insects as it has low diversity and it is dominated by few taxa. A prediction of this observation is that location per se may not be a determinant of the microbiota inhabiting weevil populations. Rather, other or additional selective pressures, such as the plant species used as a food source, ultimately shape the weevil bacterial microbiota. Our results will serve as a reference framework to investigate other or additional hypotheses aimed at elucidating vine weevil adaptation to its environment.
Local grassland restoration affects insect communities
Authors: Luong Justin C. , Turner Patrick L. , Phillipson Celina N. , Seltmann Katja C. 
Published: February 2019

1. It is hypothesised that ecological restoration in
grasslands can induce an alternative stable state shift in vegetation. The change in vegetation influences insect community assemblages and allows for greater functional redundancy in pollination and refuge for native insect species.2. Insect community assemblages at eight coastal California grassland sites were evaluated. Half of these sites had undergone restoration through active revegetation of native grassland flora and half were non‐restored. Insects were collected from Lupinus bicolor (Fabaceae) within 2 × 2‐m2 plots in spring 2017. Lupinus bicolor is a common native species that is used in California restoration projects, and home and state landscaping projects.3. Ordination demonstrated that insect community assemblages were different between restored and non‐restored sites. These differences were seen in insect functional groups as well as taxa‐specific differences and were found to be driven by environmental characteristics such as non‐native forb cover.4. Functional redundancy of herbivores decreased at restored sites, while pollinators became more redundant compared with non‐restored sites. The assemblages of the common species found at restoration sites contained more native insects than those found at non‐restored sites, including species such as Bombus vosnesenskii.5. Local grassland restoration has the potential to induce an alternative stable state change and affect insect community assemblages. Additionally, it was found that grassland restoration can be a potential conservation tool to provide refugia for bumblebees (Bombus), but additional studies are required to fully understand its broader applicability.
Why do Pheidole oxyops (Forel, 1908) ants place feathers around their nests?
Authors: Gomes Inácio J. M. T. , Santiago Diogo F. , Campos Ricardo I. , Vasconcelos Heraldo L. 
Published: February 2019

1. The ant species Pheidole oxyops (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) has the particular behaviour of placing feathers along the edge of entrances to its nests. Here two hypotheses concerning this behaviour were tested: (i) P. oxyops, due to its essentially carnivore diet and particular nest structure (which acts as pitfall traps), uses feathers to enhance the capture of arthropods; and (ii) P. oxyops uses feathers as a strategy for obtaining water, as feathers could act as retainers of night moisture.2. To test the first hypothesis, two plots with 20 pitfall traps were established, and inside each plot feathers were placed around half of these traps. It was expected that pitfall traps with feathers would collect a larger number of individuals and species of arthropods. To test the second hypothesis, all feathers were removed from 28 nests and water was supplied (wet cotton balls) to half of these nests. It was expected that colonies with access to an artificial water source would collect fewer feathers than control colonies.3. Only the first hypothesis was supported. Our results indicate that feathers have the potential to enhance prey capture by P. oxyops providing the colonies with a more diverse and abundant diet. The ants' habit of placing feathers around the nest, which can be considered as a low‐cost foraging strategy, could be particularly important during periods of low food resource availability.
Migratory gauntlets on oceanic islands: Watershed disturbance increases the cost of amphidromy
Authors: Hain Ernie F. , Moody Kristine N. , Lamphere Bradley A. , Nelson Stacy A. C. , McIntyre Peter B. , Gilliam James F. , Blum Michael J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMigratory fishes can be threatened by conditions encountered along dispersal pathways that impede access to feeding or breeding grounds. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that amphidromous fishes are equally or more sensitive to conditions along dispersal pathways than conditions in primary residential habitats. We did so by conducting distribution‐wide population surveys of all five amphidromous gobies native to the Hawaiian Islands to assess responses to in‐stream habitat, invasive species and watershed land use. We used Redundancy Analyses to assess whether goby densities varied according to local, downstream or upstream conditions. We found that population densities of the two non‐climbing species (Eleotris sandwicensis, Stenogobius hawaiiensis) varied according to local land use and local habitat conditions. Greater densities of E. sandwicensis also were found in watersheds with greater forest cover upstream of survey sites. Lower densities of two species that migrate farther inland (Awaous stamineus, Sicyopterus stimpsoni) were observed in watersheds with greater anthropogenic land use downstream or at the stream mouth. Population densities of E. sandwicensis and both Sicydiine species (Lentipes concolor, S. stimpsoni) also were lower when non‐native Poeciliids were locally present or present downstream in the watershed. These findings suggest that densities of native Hawaiian amphidromous fishes are equally or more sensitive to conditions along migratory pathways relative to conditions in primary residential habitats. Thus, alleviating pressures by removing invasive species and restoring habitat along dispersal pathways could be effective approaches to increasing densities of amphidromous species, especially those that migrate farther inland to higher elevations.