bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive outcome of early school‐aged children born very preterm is not predicted by early short‐term amplitude‐integrated electroencephalography
Authors: Feldmann Maria , Rousson Valentin , Nguyen Thi Dao , Bernet Vera , Hagmann Cornelia , Latal Beatrice , Natalucci Giancarlo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimWe investigated the association between early amplitude‐integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) and cognitive outcome in very preterm infants at early school‐age.MethodsThis prospective cohort study, conducted in the Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland, from 2009 to 2012, comprised of infants born at <32 weeks of gestation, who underwent continuous aEEG recording during the first 4 days of life. Cognitive outcome was assessed with the Kaufman‐Assessment Battery for Children at 5 years. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were calculated between aEEG parameters and normal cognitive outcome, defined as an intelligence quotient (IQ) of at least 85.ResultsThe 118 (52.5% male) infants were born at a mean gestational age of 29.9 weeks and a mean birth weight of 1235 ± 363 g. We followed up 89 children at the age of five, and they had a mean IQ of 97.8 ± 12.7 with 21.3% under 85—and 2.2% had cerebral palsy. Univariate analyses found associations between aEEG measures and normal cognitive outcome, but these were no longer significant after adjustment for confounders. Socioeconomic status and neonatal morbidity were independent predictors of cognitive outcome.ConclusionEarly short‐term aEEG did not predict later cognitive outcome in our cohort of very preterm infants.
An enjoyable school‐based swimming training programme improves students’ aquaticity
Authors: Karatrantou Konstantina , Stavrou Vasileios , Hasioti Paraskevi , Varveri Danai , Krommidas Charalampos , Gerodimos Vassilis 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimThe main objectives of this research were to a) examine the test‐retest reliability of aquaticity test (study 1), b) investigate the efficacy of ‘swimming lesson’, during the physical education course, in the aquaticity (study 2) and c) examine enjoyment from the ‘swimming lesson’ (study 3) in primary school students of the 3rd grade.MethodsIn the first study, 23 students performed 2 assessment sessions for the evaluation of aquaticity, separated by 1 week. In the second study, 30 students followed a short‐term swimming training programme (9 sessions). Before and after the programme, students’ aquaticity was assessed. In the third study, enjoyment was examined in 273 students who followed the short‐term swimming programme.ResultsThe test‐retest reliability for the assessment of students’ aquaticity was high (ICC = 0.87‐0.99). Paired t tests, also, revealed significant improvement (28‐62.7%) in the aquaticity of the children following the swimming programme. A great percentage of students reported high levels of enjoyment (92.2%).ConclusionA short‐term swimming programme, incorporated into the physical education course, is an enjoyable exercise modality that may be used for the improvement of children's aquaticity. We, also, found that the testing protocol may be reliably used for the evaluation of aquaticity in the paediatric population.
Autologistic Network Model on Binary Data for Disease Progression Study
Authors: Shin Yei Eun , Sang Huiyan , Liu Dawei , Ferguson Toby A. , Song Peter X. K. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper focuses on analysis of spatiotemporal binary data with absorbing states. The research was motivated by a clinical study on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a neurological disease marked by gradual loss of muscle strength over time in multiple body regions. We propose an autologistic regression model to capture complex spatial and temporal dependencies in muscle strength among different muscles. As it is not clear how the disease spreads from one muscle to another, it may not be reasonable to define a neighborhood structure based on spatial proximity. Relaxing the requirement for prespecification of spatial neighborhoods as in existing models, our method identifies an underlying network structure empirically to describe the pattern of spreading disease. The model also allows the network autoregressive effects to vary depending on the muscles’ previous status. Based on the joint distribution derived from this autologistic model, the joint transition probabilities of responses among locations can be estimated and the disease status can be predicted in the next time interval. Model parameters are estimated through maximization of penalized pseudo-likelihood. Postmodel selection inference was conducted via a bias-correction method, for which the asymptotic distributions were derived. Simulation studies were conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. The method was applied to the analysis of muscle strength loss from the ALS clinical study.
Mitochondrial protection by simvastatin against angiotensin II‐mediated heart failure
Authors: Hsieh Chong‐Chao , Li Chia‐Yang , Hsu Chih‐Hsin , Chen Hsiu‐Lin , Chen Yung‐Hsiang , Liu Yu‐Peng , Liu Yu‐Ru , Kuo Hsuan‐Fu , Liu Po‐Len 
Published: July 2019

Background and PurposeMitochondrial dysfunction plays a role in the progression of cardiovascular diseases including heart failure. 3‐Hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐CoA reductase inhibitors (statins), which inhibit ROS synthesis, show cardioprotective effects in chronic heart failure. However, the beneficial role of statins in mitochondrial protection in heart failure remains unclear.Experimental ApproachRats were treated with angiotensin II (1.5 mg·kg−1·day−1) or co‐administered simvastatin (oral, 10 mg·kg−1) for 14 days; and then administration was stopped for the following 14 days. Cardiac structure/function was examined by wheat germ agglutinin staining and echocardiography. Mitochondrial morphology and the numbers of lipid droplets, lysosomes, autophagosomes, and mitophagosomes were determined by transmission electron microscopy. Human cardiomyocytes were stimulated, and intracellular ROS and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) changes were measured by flow cytometry and JC‐1 staining, respectively. Autophagy and mitophagy‐related and mitochondria‐regulated apoptotic proteins were identified by immunohistochemistry and western blotting.Key ResultsSimvastatin significantly reduced ROS production and attenuated the disruption of ΔΨm. Simvastatin induced the accumulation of lipid droplets to provide energy for maintaining mitochondrial function, promoted autophagy and mitophagy, and inhibited mitochondria‐mediated apoptosis. These findings suggest that mitochondrial protection mediated by simvastatin plays a therapeutic role in heart failure prevention by modulating antioxidant status and promoting energy supplies for autophagy and mitophagy to inhibit mitochondrial damage and cardiomyocyte apoptosis.Conclusion and ImplicationsMitochondria play a key role in mediating heart failure progression. Simvastatin attenuated heart failure, induced by angiotensin II, via mitochondrial protection and might provide a new therapy to prevent heart failure.
Clinical genetic testing in endocrinology: Current concepts and contemporary challenges
Authors: Newey Paul J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRecent advances in DNA sequencing technology have led to an unprecedented period of disease‐gene discovery offering many new opportunities for genetic testing in the clinical setting. Endocrinology has seen a rapid expansion in the taxonomy of monogenic disorders, which can be detected by an expanding portfolio of genetic tests in both diagnostic and predictive settings. Successful testing relies on many factors including the ability to identify those at increased risk of genetic disease in the busy clinic as well as a working knowledge of the various testing platforms and their limitations. The clinical utility of a given test is dependent upon many factors, which include the reliability of the genetic testing platform, the accuracy of the test result interpretation and knowledge of disease penetrance and expression. The increasing adoption of “high‐content” genetic testing based on next‐generation sequencing (NGS) to diagnose hereditary endocrine disorders brings a number of challenges including the potential for uncertain test results and/or genetic findings unrelated to the indication for testing. Therefore, it is increasingly important that the clinician is aware of the current evolution in genetic testing, and understands the different settings in which it may be employed. This review provides an overview of the genetic testing workflow, focusing on each of the major components required for successful testing in adult and paediatric endocrine settings. In addition, the challenges of variant interpretation are highlighted, as are issues related to informed consent, prenatal diagnosis and predictive testing. Finally, the future directions of genetic testing relevant to endocrinology are discussed.
Development and characterization of an in vitro system of the human retina using cultured cell lines
Authors: Churm Rachel , Dunseath Gareth J. , Prior Sarah L. , Thomas Rebecca L. , Banerjee Sanjiv , Owens David R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundPreviously developed in vitro cultures of the human retina have been solo or dual cell cultures. We developed a triple‐cell culture in vitro model utilizing a membrane system to produce a better representation of a functional and morphological human retina.MethodsRetinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMVEC/ACBRI181, cell systems), retinal pigment epithelium cells (RPE/ARPE‐19, ATCC) and Müller glial cells (Moorfield Institute of Ophthalmology‐Müller 1, UCL) were grown in a triple culture. Our optimized triple‐culture media contained a mix of specific endothelial medium and high glucose Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's medium, where all three layers were viable for up to 5 days. Co‐culture effect on morphological changes (cell staining) and gene expression of functional genes (pigment epithelium derived factor [PEDF] and vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF]) were measured from RNA via real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Expression of tight junction protein 1 (TJP1) was measured in RNA isolated from ARPE‐19s, to assess barrier stability.ResultsThe triple‐culture promotes certain cell functionality through up‐regulation of TJP1, increasing PEDF and decreasing VEGF expression highlighting its importance for the assessment of disease mechanisms distinct from a solo culture which would not allow the true effect of the native microenvironment to be elucidated.ConclusionsThis model's novelty and reliability allows for the assessment of singular cellular function within the retinal microenvironment and overall assessment of retinal health, while eliminating the requirement of animal‐based models.
French‐style genetics v. 2.0: The “e‐CohortE” project
Authors: Stoeklé Henri‐Corto , Bollet Marc , Cobat Aurélie , Charlier Philippe , Bloch Oudy Ch. , Flatot Jérôme , Draghi Clément , Tolyan Valérie , Hervé Christian , Desvaux Pierre , Uzan Laurent , Grynberg Michaël , Alcaïs Alexandre , Tolédano Alain , Vogt Guillaume 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn the digital age, a genetics cohort has become much more than a simple means of determining the cause of a disease. Two‐sided markets, of which 23andMe, Ancestry DNA and MyHeritage are the best known, have showed this perfectly over the last few years: a cohort has become a means of producing massive amounts of data for medical, scientific and commercial exploitation, and for genetic use in particular. French law does not currently allow these foreign private companies to develop on French national territory and also forbids the creation of similar entities in France. However, at least in theory, this same law does not preclude the creation of new types of cohorts in France inspired by the success of two‐sided markets but retaining features specific to the French healthcare management system. We propose an optimal solution for France, for genomic studies associated with multi‐subject questionnaires, still purely theoretical for the moment: the development, with no need for any change in the law, of France's own version of “Genetics v.2.0”: “e‐CohortE.”
FER promotes cell migration via regulating JNK activity
Authors: Li Ping , Ma Zhiwei , Yu Yun , Hu Xingjie , Zhou Yanfeng , Song Haiyun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesCell migration has a key role in cancer metastasis, which contributes to drug resistance and tumour recurrence. Better understanding of the mechanisms involved in this process will potentially reveal new drug targets for cancer therapy. Fer is a non‐receptor protein tyrosine kinase aberrantly expressed in various human cancers, whereas its role in tumour progression remains elusive.Materials and MethodsTransgenic flies and epigenetic analysis were employed to investigate the role of Drosophila Fer (FER) in cell migration and underlying mechanisms. Co‐immunoprecipitation assay was used to monitor the interaction between FER and Drosophila JNK (Bsk). The conservation of Fer in regulating JNK signalling was explored in mammalian cancer and non‐cancer cells.ResultsOverexpression of FER triggered cell migration and activated JNK signalling in the Drosophila wing disc. Upregulation and downregulation in the basal activity of Bsk exacerbated and eliminated FER‐mediated migration, respectively. In addition, loss of FER blocked signal transduction of the JNK pathway. Specifically, FER interacted with and promoted the activity of Bsk, which required both the kinase domain and the C‐terminal of Bsk. Lastly, Fer regulated JNK activities in mammalian cells.ConclusionsOur study reveals FER as a positive regulator of JNK‐mediated cell migration and suggests its potential role as a therapeutic target for cancer metastasis.
Lobular neutrophilic panniculitis associated with DNA methyltransferase inhibitors in the treatment of myeloid disease
Authors: Coleman Emily , Panse Gauri , Cowper Shawn , Prebet Thomas , Gore Steven , Leventhal Jonathan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCutaneous toxicities to DNA methyltransferase inhibitors are variable and include localized injection site reactions, ecchymoses, maculopapular eruptions, and neutrophilic dermatoses including pyoderma gangrenosum, Sweet syndrome, and neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis. This series describes two patients diagnosed with lobular neutrophilic panniculitis arising during treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia with “hypomethylating drugs,” including the first report of its occurrence with a next‐generation agent. Differential diagnoses, histopathologic characteristics, treatment considerations, and proposed pathogenesis will be discussed.
Gender difference in the impact of coexisting diabetes mellitus on long‐term clinical outcome in people with heart failure: a report from the Korean Heart Failure Registry
Authors: Kim H.‐L. , Kim M.‐A. , Park K.‐T. , Choi D.‐J. , Han S. , Jeon E.‐S. , Cho M.‐C. , Kim J.‐J. , Yoo B.‐S. , Shin M.‐S. , Kang S.‐M. , Chae S. C. , Ryu K.‐H. ,   the KorHF Registry
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimFew data are available on the gender‐related differences in the prognostic impact of diabetes in people with heart failure. This study was performed to investigate whether there is a gender difference in the association between diabetes and long‐term clinical outcomes in people hospitalized for heart failure.MethodsA total of 3162 people hospitalized with heart failure (aged 67.4 ± 14.1 years, 50.4% females) from the data set of the nationwide registry were analysed. The primary endpoint was a composite of all‐cause mortality and heart failure readmission.ResultsPeople with diabetes (30.5% for males vs. 31.1% for females, P = 0.740) were older and had more unfavourable risk factors and laboratory findings than those without diabetes in both genders. During a median follow‐up period of 549 days, there were 1418 cases of composite events (44.8%). In univariable analysis, the coexistence of diabetes was significantly associated with a higher incidence of composite events in both genders (P < 0.05 each for males and females). In multivariable analysis, the prognostic impact of diabetes on the development of composite events remained significant in females even after controlling for potential confounders (hazard ratio 1.43, 95% confidence intervals 1.12–1.84; P = 0.004). However, an independent association between diabetes and composite events was not seen in males in the same multivariable analysis (P > 0.05).ConclusionsIn people with heart failure, the impact of diabetes on long‐term mortality and heart failure readmission seems to be stronger in females than in males. More careful and intensive management is needed especially in females with heart failure and diabetes.
The economics of the Syrian refugee crisis in neighbouring countries: The case of Lebanon
Authors: David Anda , Marouani Mohamed Ali , Nahas Charbel , Nilsson Björn 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this article, we investigate the effects of a massive displacement of workers from a war‐torn economy on the economy of a neighbouring country. Applying a general equilibrium approach to the Lebanese economy, we explore effects from various components of the crisis on the labour market, the production apparatus and macroeconomic indicators. Along with previous literature, our findings suggest limited or no adverse effects on high‐skilled native workers, but a negative impact on the most vulnerable Lebanese workers. When aid takes the form of investment subsidies, significantly better growth and labour market prospects arise, recalling the necessity of complementing humanitarian aid with development aid to succeed in achieving long‐term objectives. This may however not be politically viable in a context where refugees are considered as temporary.
Host range ofErwinia psidiiand genetic resistance ofEucalyptusandCorymbiaspecies to this pathogen
Authors: Caires Nilmara P. , Hermenegildo Pollyane S. , Guimarães Lúcio M. S. , Mafia Reginaldo G. , Zauza Edival Â. V. , Júnior Norton Borges , Badel Jorge L. , Alfenas Acelino C. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDieback caused byErwinia psidiiis currently one of the most important emerging diseases in eucalypt plantations in Brazil. However, little is known in terms of the host range of this pathogen or the potential sources of resistance against the disease it causes. In this study, we inoculated plants of species from nine families to gain insight into the host range ofE. psidii. Plants of all inoculated species of Myrtaceae exceptAcca sellowianaexhibited disease symptoms and therefore represent potential hosts for the pathogen under natural conditions. In addition, the response of fourCorymbiaspecies, 29Eucalyptusspecies and three interspecificEucalyptushybrids to inoculation withE. psidiiwas evaluated. AllCorymbia henryi,Corymbia maculata,Eucalyptus thozetiana,Eucalyptus cloeziana,Eucalyptus viminalis,Eucalyptus dalrympleanaandEucalyptus pilularisplants were highly resistant to the pathogen, whereas differential disease resistance was observed in the other species. This study provides important information on sources of resistance toErwinia psidiiwith potential use in the development of clones with enhanced resistance in eucalypt species of economic importance.
Bommies away! Logistics and early effects of repositioning 400 tonnes of displaced coral colonies following cyclone impacts on the Great Barrier Reef
Authors: McLeod Ian M. , Williamson David H. , Taylor Sascha , Srinivasan Maya , Read Mark , Boxer Craig , Mattocks Neil , Ceccarelli Daniela M. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryFor over 40 years, management of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park (GBRMP) in Australia has focused on limiting human‐use impacts to facilitate natural resilience and recovery. Compounding acute disturbances and chronic stressors have resulted in degradation of coral reef habitats in many areas of the Marine Park. Given current trends and predictions of escalating climate‐driven disturbances, it is increasingly evident that effective management of the GBRMP requires adaptive and novel approaches to protect and restore coral reef health. Here, we provide an overview of the logistical requirements and early‐stage ecological benefits of repositioning 400 tonnes of moderately sized (1–3 m diameter) Porites spp. coral colonies (bommies) that were displaced by cyclone‐generated swells that impacted reefs in the Whitsunday Islands during March 2017. An ecological survey conducted 16 months after the bommie repositioning revealed that several genera of hard coral had settled onto the bommies and that a range of reef fish species were associating with the restored habitat. Early findings suggest that the repositioning of the displaced bommies has assisted in restoring reef habitat structure and settlement habitat for juvenile corals, while improving natural aesthetics, vessel access and tourist experiences at Manta Ray Bay.
Corporate social responsibility: An umbrella or a puddle on a rainy day? Evidence surrounding corporate financial misconduct
Authors: Bae John , Choi Wonik , Lim Jongha 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe examine the way a fraudulent firm's pre‐ and post‐misconduct corporate social responsibility engagement is associated with its stock performance to investigate the reputational role of corporate social responsibility (CSR). In the short term, firms with good CSR performance suffer smaller market penalties upon the revelation of financial wrongdoing, supporting the buffer effect, as opposed to the backfire effect, of a good social image. We also find that the misbehaving firms’ post‐misconduct CSR efforts are negatively associated with delisting probabilities, and positively with stock returns. These findings support the argument that increasing post‐crisis CSR engagement can be an effective remedy for a damaged reputation.
A genome‐wide investigation of the worldwide invader Sargassum muticum shows high success albeit (almost) no genetic diversity
Authors: Le Cam Sabrina , Daguin‐Thiébaut Claire , Bouchemousse Sarah , Engelen Aschwin H. , Mieszkowska Nova , Viard Frédérique 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTwenty years of genetic studies of marine invaders have shown that successful invaders are often characterized by native and introduced populations displaying similar levels of genetic diversity. This pattern is presumably due to high propagule pressure and repeated introductions. The opposite pattern is reported in this study of the brown seaweed, Sargassum muticum, an emblematic species for circumglobal invasions. Albeit demonstrating polymorphism in the native range, microsatellites failed to detect any genetic variation over 1,269 individuals sampled from 46 locations over the Pacific–Atlantic introduction range. Single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) obtained from ddRAD sequencing revealed some genetic variation, but confirmed severe founder events in both the Pacific and Atlantic introduction ranges. Our study thus exemplifies the need for extreme caution in interpreting neutral genetic diversity as a proxy for invasive potential. Our results confirm a previously hypothesized transoceanic secondary introduction from NE Pacific to Europe. However, the SNP panel unexpectedly revealed two additional distinct genetic origins of introductions. Also, conversely to scenarios based on historical records, southern rather than northern NE Pacific populations could have seeded most of the European populations. Finally, the most recently introduced populations showed the lowest selfing rates, suggesting higher levels of recombination might be beneficial at the early stage of the introduction process (i.e., facilitating evolutionary novelties), whereas uniparental reproduction might be favored later in sustainably established populations (i.e., sustaining local adaptation).