bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scalability of Ultralow‐Loss Calibration‐Free Silicon Photonic Mach‐Zehnder Switches
Authors: Song Lijia , Jiao Xiaomin , Cao Zian , Liu Weixi , Zou Shangtong , Fang Xiaoyu , Fan Siwen , Li Huan , Shi Yaocheng , Dai Daoxin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWith the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) based on deep neural networks, large‐scale photonic switches are essential components for the fast and efficient communication of unprecedentedly large amounts of data between processing units and memories. In this paper, a comprehensive Monte Carlo analysis is provided on the scalability of Mach–Zehnder switch (MZS) networks utilizing Benes topologies as an example, employing the transfer matrix method. The results show that iterative calibration algorithms with high time complexities are infeasible for large‐scale MZSs with significant random phase imbalances, which, instead of the excess loss, is the dominant fundamental obstacle for scaling up MZS. Therefore, calibration‐free MZSs are crucial for scaling up. To further validate the key assumptions of the Monte Carlo analysis above, ultralow‐loss 2 × 2 MZSs and 4 × 4 Benes MZSs fabricated with standard 180‐nm silicon photonics foundry processes are systematically characterized. Drawing from the statistical experimental results of random phase imbalance and excess loss, the scalability of the Benes topology is projected and concludes that it is promising to realize large‐scale, low‐excess‐loss, calibration‐free N × N photonic switches (e.g., N ≥ 64) based on these proposed MZS for agile, flexible, and scalable optical packet/burst switching (OPS/OBS) in data centers.
Disentangling Structural Domains in Solution‐Processed 2D Lead Halide Perovskite by Transient Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Song Mu‐Sen , Wang Hai , Zhang Yu‐Peng , Hu Zi‐Fan , Zhang Jia , Wang Yuan , Zhao Le‐Yi , Wang Hai‐Yu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract2D lead halide perovskites (LHPs) exhibit outstanding optoelectronic properties, making them utilized in various emerging applications. Understanding their fundamental properties is urgent for improving device performance. Here, the structural domains in 2D PEA2MAn‐1PbnI3n+1 films are studied by temperature‐dependent transient absorption (TA) measurements. For <n> = 1 film at low temperatures, the ground state bleach (GSB) shows obvious splitting when the high‐energy state is resonantly excited, whereas only one GSB exists under low‐energy resonant excitation, indicating that the two split energy states correspond to different structural domains. For <n> = 2 film, similar phenomena are observed, but the energy level difference between the two domains is decreased. With further increase of the inorganic layers number, the two domains can no longer be distinguished. In addition, by changing the organic cations, it is demonstrated that the two structural domains originate from distortions in the inorganic PbI6 octahedral frames. Finally, the possibility that the two energy states are from the formation of polaron states is ruled out by TA measurement on CsPbBr3 QDs. The results provide new insights into the structural domain properties of 2D LHPs, which directly influence the suitability of these materials for future optoelectronic devices.
Toxin for Tics: Practical Guidance for Clinicians from a Registry‐Based Naturalistic Study
Authors: Pringsheim Tamara , Martino Davide 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundBotulinum toxin is a recommended treatment for tics. There is little practical guidance on the use of this treatment.ObjectivesOur aim is to describe our experience using botulinum toxin injections for tics in adults. We provide information on tics treated, muscles injected, and dosages used to give practical guidance.MethodsWe analyzed data from the Calgary Adult Tic Registry on tic severity, the tics and muscles injected, and dosages. We assessed treatment length, reasons for discontinuation, and concurrent medications.ResultsBotulinum toxin was the most used medication for tics, received by 32 of 95 (33.7%) registry participants. Participants receiving botulinum toxin were significantly older and had significantly lower vocal tic severity and total tic severity. The most common motor tics treated were blinking, head turns, and shoulder raising. The mean length of treatment was 40.4 months.ConclusionsBotulinum toxin is an effective and well‐tolerated treatment for adults with tics.
A Population‐Wide Exploration of the THAP11 CAG Repeat Size and Structure in the 100,000 Genomes Project and UK Biobank
Authors: Clarkson Chris , Chen Zhongbo , Rocca Clarissa , Jadhav Bharati , Ibañez Kristina , Ryten Mina , Sharp Andrew J. , Houlden Henry , Tucci Arianna 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundA CAG repeat expansion in THAP11 was recently found to be associated with spinocerebellar ataxia in two Chinese families. Expanded repeats ranged from 45 to 100 units, with CAA sequence interruptions in the 5′ region and an uninterrupted CAG tract in the 3′ tail.ObjectiveHere, we assess the population distribution of the THAP11 repeat, and its contribution to neurological diseases.MethodsWe interrogated data from 54,788 individuals from Genomics England, 10,686 patients from the UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology in‐house database (UCL IoN), and 424,340 individuals from the UK Biobank.ResultsWe identified expanded repeats in four individuals with learning difficulties without ataxia and in three individuals in UK Biobank, one with hereditary ataxia, one with hereditary neuropathy, and one with neurodegenerative disease. We showed a linear relationship between the number of CAA interruptions and overall repeat length.ConclusionsThese results indicate that THAP11 expansions are rare in the British population and that sequence structures predisposed to expansions may be more common in non‐British ancestries. © 2024 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Evaluation of the physico‐mechanical properties, mineralization capability, degradability and biological behavior of PCL/SBG composite scaffolds fabricated by three‐dimensional fiber deposition
Authors: Li Fulong , Liu Ping , Jiang Jiaqi , Chen Xiaohong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn bone tissue engineering, polycaprolactone (PCL) has been extensively employed as a bone substitute due to its good biocompatibility, outstanding mechanical properties, controllable degradation rate, and excellent processability. However, PCL is a bioinert polymer with poor hydrophilicity, and it fails to actively induce new bone formation after implantation into the lesion. Therefore, it is generally necessary to find a bioactive material to improve these deficiencies of PCL. In this study, we first prepared a silicate‐based bioactive glass (SBG, 48SiO2‐24Na2O‐24CaO‐4P2O5, in mol%) using the melt‐quenching method, and then fabricated a series of PCL/SBG composite scaffolds with varying SBG powder contents (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 wt.%) by 3D fiber deposition. The physico‐mechanical properties, mineralization capability, degradability and biological behavior of PCL/SBG scaffolds were systematically characterized. The results showed that the contact angle of the scaffolds decreased from 121.90 ± 3.74° to 86.29 ± 3.46° with the increase of SBG content, implying that the hydrophilicity was improved, and meanwhile the porosity and mechanical strength of PCL/SBG scaffolds first increased and then decreased, but they were within the range of human cancellous bone. Additionally, the degradation rate of PCL/SBG groups can be regulated by adjusting the SBG content. Finally, compared to the pure PCL group, the cell viability and alkaline phosphatase activity of MC3T3‐E1 on PCL/SBG groups were significantly enhanced. In the present work, the PCL/30SBG group exhibited great potential as a viable alternative to autografts and offers promising clinical applications for bone defect repair in the future.Highlights
The addition of SBG powders accelerates the degradation of PCL.
The addition of SBG powders enhances the hydrophilicity of PCL scaffolds.
The degradation rate and bioactivity of PCL/SBG scaffolds can be regulated.
The mechanical strength is within the range of human cancellous bone.
PCL/30SBG shows improved cell viability and ALP activity.
Orientation control of magnetically functionalized graphene oxide nanohybrids in unsaturated polyester resin with enhanced mechanical, thermal, and fire safety performance
Authors: Tang Tao , Huo Junjie , Li Weijin , Lin Chubin , Yu Fuhao , Wang Bibo , Dai Kang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBoth the distribution and orientation of 2D graphene nanomaterials in polymer matrices can significantly affect the performance of polymer composites. Still, preparing high‐performance graphene polymer nanocomposites with a controlled distribution state is challenging. In this work, magnetically functionalized graphene oxide (MFGO), a ternary nanohybrid, was prepared using a facile method. The resulting MFGO nanofillers were incorporated into unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) with the assistance of an external magnetic field to achieve oriented alignment in the UPR matrix. Attributing to the uniform dispersion as well as the magnetic field‐induced orientation of MFGO in UPR, the oriented UPR/MFGO (UPR/OMFGO) nanocomposites demonstrated much‐improved mechanical and thermal properties, as the oriented UPR/MFGO2.0 (UPR/OMFGO2.0) achieved a notable increase in tensile strength to 46.71 MPa and storage modulus to 1.24 GPa. Moreover, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and peak smoke production release (PSPR) of UPR/OMFGO2.0 nanocomposite were reduced by 34.0% and 33.6%, respectively, as compared with the neat UPR. In addition, SEM, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy were employed to investigate the char residues of UPR samples, and a possible mechanism for the improved fire safety performance of the UPR/OMFGO nanocomposites was proposed. This work provides a promising strategy to design high‐performance UPR nanocomposites.Highlights
Magnetically functionalized graphene oxide (MFGO) nanohybrids were successfully synthesized.
MFGO nanohybrids were well dispersed and orderly arranged in UPR under a magnetic field.
The well‐oriented MFGO significantly improved the mechanical and thermal properties of UPR.
The mechanism for the enhanced fire safety performance of UPR nanocomposites was elaborated.
A Novel Turn‐On Fluorescence Probe for Selective Picomolar Detection of Uric Acid Using Green Carbon Dots (G‐NCDs) from Waste Brachyura Shells
Authors: Ramachandran Raghul , Jini Ayun R. , Vergheese Thomas Mary 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn the current study, a Novel synthesis of fluorescent Green carbon dots (G‐NCDs) is reported from waste Brachyura shells using a simple, green technique. G‐NCDs function as a TURN‐ON fluorescent probe for the selective detection Uric Acid (UA) in presence of Dopamine (DA). The synthesized carbon dots are sand colored under visible light and exhibit pale green fluorescence under UV radiation. The G‐NCDs are characterized using UV–vis, FTIR, XPS, SEM‐EDAX, HR‐TEM, X‐ray diffraction, and PL spectroscopic technique. The SEM‐EDAX data of G‐NCDs shows a layered, fibrous morphology and confirms the presence of only Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxygen in the matrix. FTIR and XPS response confirms the presence of functional groups like ─C≡N, ─C≡C─, CH, ═C─H, O─H on the surface of G‐NCDs. XRD data confirms G‐NCDs to be crystalline with a particle size of 4.51 nm. The quantum yield found to be 99.8%. PL response confirms a TURN OFF fluorescence with increased addition of DA. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), a form of dynamic quenching is responsible for the DA quenching, confirmed through linear Stern‐ Volmer plot. With increase in addition of UA in presence of DA fluorescence TURNs ON with a minimum selective detection limit of UA as 0.23 × 10−12 M. Selective detection of UA in presence of DA is due to the following reasons i) decrease in bandgap of G‐NCDs in presence of UA ii) electrostatic attraction between negatively charged carboxyl group of G‐NCDs and positively charge secondary amine group of UA molecule ii) UA molecules near to the surface of G‐NCDs switches off the formation of polydopamine iv) formation of surface defects due to the formation of hydrogen bonds between the ketone/hydroxyl group in the UA molecule and the amino group on the surface of G‐NCD resulting in fluorescence. The first time the lowest detection limit of 0.23 × 10−12 M of UA is been reported in presence of DA using G‐NCDs. In future, G‐NCDs will be used for the detection of UA in biological fluids.
Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Photocatalytic Application of ZnS Quantum Dots
Authors: Sattigeri Nayana I. , Patil Vismitha S. , Sharath Sirigere Chandraiah , Nagaveni Gowdru Halappa , Basayya Maheshkumar , Gunnagol Raghu M. , Mawazzan Mohammedhamidraza A. , Rabinal Mohammad Hussain Kasim , Kalasad Muttanagoud N. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHerein, we report the synthesis of Zinc sulfide quantum dots (ZnS QDs) by chemical precipitation method using air‐stable complex of hydrazine hydrate‐sulfur is reported. The hydrazine hydrate‐sulfur complex plays a vital role in the growth of ZnS QDs. The structural studies confirm that ZnS QDs are highly stable, spherical in shape, monodisperse, and exhibit wurtzite structure. The estimated particle size is in the range of 3–6 nm. Furthermore, the photocatalytic activity of the ZnS QDs for the photodegradation of methyl orange is explored. The ZnS QDs exhibit interesting size dependent degradation performance. The photodegradation efficiency increases with increase in the size of ZnS QDs and the highest observed photodegradation efficiency is 66.31%.
Insight Into Factors Influencing the Aggregation Process in Wild‐Type and P66R Mutant SOD1: Computational and Spectroscopic Approaches
Authors: Farrokhzad Roghayeh , Seyedalipour Bagher , Baziyar Payam , Hosseinkhani Saman 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTDisturbances in metal ion homeostasis associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have been described for several years, but the exact mechanism of involvement is not well understood. To elucidate the role of metalation in superoxide dismutase (SOD1) misfolding and aggregation, we comprehensively characterized the structural features (apo/holo forms) of WT‐SOD1 and P66R mutant in loop IV. Using computational and experimental methodologies, we assessed the physicochemical properties of these variants and their correlation with protein aggregation at the molecular level. Modifications in apo‐SOD1 compared to holo‐SOD1 were more pronounced in flexibility, stability, hydrophobicity, and intramolecular interactions, as indicated by molecular dynamics simulations. The enzymatic activities of holo/apo‐WT SOD1 were 1.30 and 1.88‐fold of the holo/apo P66R mutant, respectively. Under amyloid‐inducing conditions, decreased ANS fluorescence intensity in the apo‐form relative to the holo‐form suggested pre‐fibrillar species and amyloid aggregate growth due to occluded hydrophobic pockets. FTIR spectroscopy revealed that apo‐WT‐SOD1 and apo‐P66R exhibited a mixture of parallel and intermolecular β‐sheet structures, indicative of aggregation propensity. Aggregate species were identified using TEM, Congo red staining, and ThT/ANS fluorescence spectroscopy. Thermodynamic analyses with GdnHCl demonstrated that metal deficit, mutation, and intramolecular disulfide bond reduction are essential for initiating SOD1 misfolding and aggregation. These disruptions destabilize the dimer‐monomer equilibrium, promoting dimer dissociation into monomers and decreasing the thermodynamic stability of SOD1 variants, thus facilitating amyloid/amorphous aggregate formation. Our findings offer novel insights into protein aggregation mechanisms in disease pathology and highlight potential therapeutic strategies against toxic protein aggregation, including SOD1.
Energy Absorption in a Rotating Rigid Honeycomb Based on Reinforced Ribbed Plates
Authors: Wang Chengming , Deng Xiaolin 
Published: December 2024

This article proposes a rotationally reinforced ribbed honeycomb structure by incorporating struts into the rotationally rigid honeycomb to enhance its stiffness. Finite element models of the honeycomb are developed using Abaqus/Explicit and validated through quasistatic experiments for accuracy. Based on the models, a series of studies on the honeycomb's structural behavior are conducted. Initially, the mechanical properties of the honeycomb under varying loading conditions and rib angles are analyzed. The results indicate that the RSH‐45 configuration exhibits the most favorable mechanical properties under both X‐direction and Y‐direction loading conditions. Specifically, under impact in the X‐direction, the RSH‐45 and RSH‐60 configurations demonstrate increases in energy absorption of 114.64% and 96.9%, respectively, compared to the RSH‐90 configuration. Subsequently, the mechanical properties of the RSH at different impact velocities are examined. The negative Poisson's effect of the RSH is most pronounced at low‐velocity, with the deformation modes changing as velocity increases. Under medium‐velocity impacts, RSH‐45 and RSH‐60 configurations exhibit a significant negative Poisson's ratio effect, while RSH‐75 and RSH‐90 configurations display a positive effect. In summary, reinforcing ribs produces a significant negative Poisson's ratio effect only at specific angles.
Solution Process–Based Facile Flame–Boosted Low‐Valence Transition Metal Doping on Pristine Oxide for Highly Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Solar Water Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Roh Seung Hun , Kwak Eujin , Hong Won Tae , Xia Chengkai , Kim Sungsoon , Chae Heeyeop , Yu Xu , Yang Wooseok , Park Jongwook , Kim Jung Kyu 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAs for the high sustainable solar hydrogen production via water splitting, transition metal doping on an oxide photoanode in photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells has been recognized as an effective approach. However, conventional thermal‐diffusion‐mediated doping strategies face the challenge of resolving sluggish catalytic kinetics for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and its practical utilization for the synthesis of photoanode films. Herein, we introduce facile ultrafast flame‐boosted doping of Mo into a BiVO4 (FL MoBVO) film for 20 s to achieve an efficient PEC OER. Mo elements in a low‐valence state (i.e., Mo6−δ) and Mo6+ are successfully doped into the photoanode, which manipulate the energy band structure, facilitating the downward shift of band edges and promoting the surface catalytic kinetics. Consequently, the flame‐boosted Mo‐doping results in superior PEC performance in a mild environment with neutral electrolyte without introducing any other additives or co‐catalysts, where the photocurrent density at 1.23 VRHE under 1 sun illumination in pH 7 is outstandingly enhanced, over 9‐fold higher than that of a pristine BiVO4. The flame‐boosted doping induces significantly enhanced photoexcited charge transport and catalytic reaction kinetics performances simultaneously. Our report provides the effective strategy boosting both the thermodynamic and kinetic charge migration properties for sustainable materials.
Oxy-Fuel Combustion in FBRs
Authors: Duan Lunbo , Lu Dennis 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOxy-fuel combustion, also known as O2/CO2 combustion or oxy-fuel, is one of the most promising CO2 capture technologies for coal-fired power plants, technically or economically. Oxy-fuel combustion represents a pivotal advancement in carbon capture technologies, characterized by fuel burning in an oxygen-rich environment rather than in the air.
A Swim in the Rough Surf—Deaf, Aboriginal, and at the Biggest School of All
Authors: Avery Scott 
Published: December 2024

AbstractProfessor Scott Avery has crafted a beautiful allegory, which compellingly combines narratives of Country (ocean), wisdom of Elders and intersectionality. The cultural vibrance of the story is juxtaposed with a thorough meditation on the risks and (occasional) benefits of representing two diversity ‘ticked boxes’. Professor Avery very incisively deploys a football metaphor to characterise his context and tackles head on the question of capacity. He asks challenging questions about who has the right to speak, actively contexts disciplinary approaches that seek to contain and restrain and calls out institutional practices that assume knowledge and decision-making primacy. Professor Avery also pays respect to Elders and to the advocacy which has opened up university spaces to Indigenous people.
Lessons Along the Way—8 Rules for Surviving Academia as an Aboriginal Early Career Researcher
Authors: Newton BJ 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDr BJ Newton’s chapter is addressed to Indigenous ECR colleagues who might be starting out in their postdoctoral careers. Dr. Newton outlines 8 rules for surviving academia for ECRs. The chapter also touched on the benefits and pitfalls of taking up a leadership role in the ECR period. The ‘rules’ cover advice for self, advice about how and who to collaborate with, and the potential for a greater good. Dr. Newton suggest that knowing your own values and priorities will help to guide both what you do and what you don’t do and help you to pursue your own research. Finding culturally nurturing environments, respectful collaborator and trustworthy leaders can help you to build the next phase of your career. Driving outcomes for the next generation of Indigenous researchers is a rewarding aspect of your newfound leadership.
Paving the Way from Latchkey Kid to Big Sky Dreaming
Authors: Sullivan Corrinne T. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractProfessor Corrinne Sullivan’s chapter juxtaposes raw talent, absolute determination and sheer will to ‘do more’ with the barely visible structures and attitudes designed to keep Indigenous people ‘in their place’. Reflecting on a career journey that spans schooling to the achievement of a senior academic role, Professor Sullivan charts a recurring theme of underestimation, first in her family and later in her workplaces. She sagely uses this underestimation to refute low expectations, whether winning awards for her honours and doctoral work, or accolades for her research. As well, Professor Sullivan powerfully illustrates the connection between ‘dreaming big’, individual agency and how opportunities seized can build momentum for the next career goal. A key lesson from this chapter is not to underestimate Indigenous ability, particularly where early signs of success demonstrate ample prospect of future possibilities, but rather to create opportunity for talent to flourish.
Faith, Dreams and Lessons
Authors: Townsend-Cross Marcelle 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDr Marcelle Townsend-Cross’ work is driven by her commitment to social justice for Indigenous people, which drives her Indigenous Studies teaching research. This chapter sends a clear message to universities that providing creative and innovative options for Indigenous scholars can result in retaining talent, underlining the value of supporting Indigenous ECRs as they develop their new professional identities. Dr Townsend-Cross also highlights the importance of finding like-minded collaborators who can help to navigate the institutional and research practices that are not always known to Indigenous ECRs. Collaborators and mentors can help to demystify processes such as journal publishing and can lead to further invitations, bolstering opportunity and reputation. Dr Townsend-Cross reminds us of the critical role of journal reviewers and editors in supporting the development of beginning scholars.