bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peripheral Non-enzymatic Antioxidants in Patients with Schizophrenia：A Case-control Study
Authors: Lu Zhe , Wen Tianyang , Wang Yingtan , Kan Weijing , Xun Guanglei 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Recent studies show that oxidative stress is associated with the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. There are two major types of antioxidant systems in vivo, namely enzymatic antioxidants and non-enzymatic antioxidants. This study investigated the differences of non-enzymatic antioxidant between schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. Methods: Peripheral UA, ALB and TBIL were measured respectively in 107 schizophrenic patients in acute stage and in 101 schizophrenic patients in remission stage, as well as in 273 healthy controls. Results: The levels of UA (P=0.020) and TBIL (P<0.001) in schizophrenic patients in acute stage were higher than healthy controls, and the level of ALB (P<0.001) was lower. Similar results were detected in schizophrenic patients in remission stage. Schizophrenic patients in acute stage were divided into antipsychotics-use subgroup (n=56) and antipsychotics-naïve/free subgroup (n=51). The level of UA (P=0.001) in antipsychotics-use subgroup was higher than that in antipsychotics-naïve/free subgroup, while the level of TBIL (P=0.002) was lower than that in antipsychotics-naïve/free subgroup. 77 schizophrenic patients in acute stage were followed up, and there was no significant difference in level of UA before and after treatment, but levels of ALB (P<0.001) and TBIL (P<0.001) decreased significantly after the treatment. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the dysfunction of peripheral non-enzymatic anti-oxidation system might be involved the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Keywords: Schizophrenia; Uric acid; Albumin; Total bilirubin
Psychosocial supports utilized by caregivers of patients with dementia in South western Uganda: A qualitative investigation
Authors: Abaasa Catherine , Obua Celestino , Wakida Edith K , Rukundo Godfrey Zari 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background Patients with dementia experience problems ranging from mild to severe impairments in daily life activities. In Uganda, like in most other low and middle-income countries, families are a cornerstone in providing care to patients with dementia. Serving as a caregiver for a person with Alzheimer’s disease is a physically, emotionally and financially demanding role, that is associated with increased stress, depression, fatigue, and financial strain. These have often resulted in elder abuse or neglect of the patients. Currently, data on psychosocial supports available to caregivers of patients with dementia in Uganda is not available.Methods We conducted a qualitative assessment of the psychosocial supports available to caregivers of patients with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias in southwestern Uganda, including the content of the formal and informal support interventions and by whom they are delivered.Results Medical practitioners provide educational support on the diagnosis and prognosis of dementia, but may not provide emotional support in the form of counseling to caregivers of patients with dementia. Caregivers in Southwestern Uganda, receive unstructured emotional and instrumental support from sources outside of the medical system such as family and community, which leave the Caregivers in confusion.Conclusions The medical care system offers some information about the clinical presentation of Alzheimer’s disease but little or no psychosocial support to the Caregivers of patients with the disease. This has implications for how families and Caregivers cope with the day-to-day care of patients with Alzheimer’s disease in Uganda and calls for institutionalization of structured psychosocial support for Caregivers to improve the care given to Alzheimer’s patients.
Handwriting in Children with Attention Deficient Hyperactive Disorder analyzing by graphology
Authors: Cohen Rony , Cohen-Kroitoru Batia , Halevy Ayelet , Aharoni Sharon , Aizenberg Irena , Shuper Avinoam 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Objective Handwriting difficulties are common to children with attention deficient hyperactive disorder (ADHD). The aim of our study was to find distinctive characteristics of the handwriting of children with ADHD by using graphology to analyze physical characteristics and patterns of their handwriting, and to evaluate whether graphological analysis is an effective ADHD diagnostic tool for clinicians.Method A graphologist analyzed handwriting text from 49 patients, 22/49 previously diagnosed with ADHD, aged 13-18 years, in a randomized, single-blinded study. All study participants wrote a story in Hebrew in 10-12 lines, on a blank paper with a blue pen, during a period of twenty minutes. A licensed graphologist was given the papers, without details, for characterize evaluation. The graphologist suggested a profile of a person with ADHD, and every patient received one point for each ADHD handwriting characteristic, up to 15 points. Patients with 9-15 points were considered to have ADHD, based on their graphology evaluation.Results The study group included 21 (43%) males and 28 (57%) females, with 15 (71.4%) males and 7 (25%) females diagnosed with ADHD. Overall, the mean score in the ADHD group (9.6, SD=3.49) was significantly higher ( p =0.002) than in the control group (5.79, SD=4.01).Conclusion Handwriting in ADHD children and adolescence has specific characteristics, thus graphological analysis could be a useful tool for clinicians in diagnosis of ADHD.
The oxidative effect of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Human retinal pigment epithelium cells
Authors: Li Jialin , Chao I-Chen , Luan Jie 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy has been widely used in various diseases, which is considered safe and effective. Whereas recent studies discovered that HBO therapy could result in oxidative damage to tissues. The goal of our study was to investigate the oxidative effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. Method: Human REP cells (ARPE-19) were cultured in vitro, and divided into normoxic group （incubated with DMEM/F12 broth）and hypoxic group (incubated with DMEM/F12 broth containing 200μmol/L CoCl2) randomly. The experimental groups were exposed to 100% pure oxygen under different pressures (0.15MPa, 0.2MPa, and 0.25MPa) for 60 and 90 minutes thrice, with 24 hours interval. Then the cell viability, 8-OHdG expression and hOGG1 expression of RPE cells were detected by MTT assay, immunocytochemistry (ICC) and western blot seperately. Result: After HBO exposure, cell proliferation decreased, 8-OHdG and hOGG1 expression increased in normoxic RPE cells compared with control group, whereas in hypoxic RPE cells, cell proliferation increased, 8-OHdG and hOGG1 expression decreased compared with hypoxic control group. Conclusion: HBO therapy could suppress the cell proliferation and cause oxidative DNA damage of RPE cells in normoxic status. Conversely, in hypoxic status, HBO therapy could promote the proliferation and ameliorate oxidative DNA damage of human retinal pigment epithelium cells. Meanwhile, HBO therapy could trigger the oxidative DNA damage repair of RPE cells in both normoxic and hypoxic statues.
Detecting influenza and emerging avian influenza virus by influenza and pneumonia surveillance systems in a large city in China, 2005 to 2016
Authors: Guo Xiaorong , Yang Dong , Liu Ruchun , Li Yaman , Hu Qingqing , Ma Xinrui , Li Yelan , Zhang Heng , Zhang Xixing , Zhao Benhua , Chen Tianmu 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Detecting avian influenza virus has become an important public health strategy for controlling the emerging infectious disease.
METHODS: The HIS (hospital information system) modified influenza surveillance system (ISS) and a newly built pneumonia surveillance system (PSS) were used to monitor the influenza viruses in Changsha City, China. The ISS was used to monitor outpatients in two sentinel hospitals and to detect mild influenza and avian influenza cases, and PSS was used to monitor inpatients in 49 hospitals and to detect severe and death influenza cases.
RESULTS: From 2005 to 2016, there were 3,551,917 outpatients monitored by the ISS system, among whom 126,076 were influenza-like illness (ILI) cases, with the ILI proportion (ILI%) of 3.55%. After the HIS was used, the reported incident cases of ILI and ILI% were increased significantly. From March, 2009 to September, 2016, there were 5,491,560 inpatient cases monitored by the PSS system, among which 362,743 were pneumonia cases, with a proportion of 6.61%. Among pneumonia cases, about 10.55% (38,260/362,743) of cases were severe or death cases. The pneumonia incidence increased each year in the city. Among 15 avian influenza cases reported from January, 2005 to September, 2016, there were 26.7% (4/15) mild cases detected by the HIS-modified ISS system, while 60.0% (9/15) were severe or death cases detected by the PSS system. Two H5N1 severe cases were missed by the ISS system in January, 2009 when the PSS system was not available.
CONCLUSIONS: The HIS was able to improve the efficiency of the ISS for monitoring ILI and emerging avian influenza virus. However, the efficiency of the system needs to be verified in a wider area for a longer time span in China.
Peripapillary retinal artery in first diagnosed and untreated normal tension glaucoma
Authors: RONG XIN , Cai Yu , Li Mei , Fang Yuan , Tian Tian , Pan Yingzi 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background Glaucoma, an important cause of visual impairment in many countries, remains a common eye condition due to difficulties in its early diagnosis. We analyzed the characteristics of retinal arteries to add a valuable technology for helping the normal tension glaucoma (NTG) diagnosis.
Methods This study included 51 patients with newly diagnosed NTG with hemifield defects and 60 age-matched controls. Peripapillary retinal arteriolar calibers (PRACs) photoed by non-mydriatic retinal camera were measured using ImageJ by two masked readers. We also performed spectral-domain optical coherence tomography to evaluate retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) and optic disc parameters. Their relations to retinal arteriolar calibers were investigated by univariate and multivariate linear regression. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was used to confirm the powers to detect NTG by PRACs.
Results PRACs in four quadrants were significantly reduced in individuals with first diagnosed NTG (82 ± 15.1 μm, 80 ± 13.6 μm, 71 ± 11.6 μm, and 64 ±10.0 μm) compared with those in age-matched controls (101 ± 9.8 μm, 105 ± 8.7 μm, 90 ± 7.5 μm, and 82 ± 9.8 μm). Superotemporal and inferotemporal PRACs in the visual field-affected hemifield were narrower than those in the unaffected hemifield in NTG group ( P ≤0.004). Temporal PRACs in the RNFL unaffected hemifield were significantly narrower than in healthy eyes ( P <0.001). Superotemporal PRAC showed a significant correlation with superior RNFLT (β=0.659, P <0.001), and a similar relationship was found between inferotemporal PRAC and inferior RNFLT (β=0.227, P =0.015). The diagnostic capability of temporal PRACs was satisfactory (superotemporal PRAC; AUROC 0.983, cut-off value 84.7 μm, inferotemporal PRAC; AUROC 0.946, cut-off value 94.2 μm).
Conclusions PRAC and infero temporal PRAC are valid parameters for discriminating patients with NTG.
Comparison of vascular parameters between normal cynomolgus macaques and healthy humans by optical coherence tomography angiography
Authors: Peng Jingyi , Zhong Liuxueying , Ma Li , Jin Jiayi , Zheng Yongxin , Jin Chenjin 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: The metabolic activity of retina is higher than other human tissues and is crucial to the vision. Cynomolgus macaques is widely used in ophthalmic disease research. The evaluation and comparison of macular and optic disc vascular circulation parameters between normal adult cynomolgus macaques and healthy adult humans using OCT-A can promote better use of nonhuman primate models in studies of ophthalmic vascular disease.
Methods: 12 normal adult cynomolgus macaques with a mean age of 4.91±0.43 years were studied for data collection. The macula of 28 adult healthy humans (14 males and 14 females), with a mean age of 25.11±6.21 years and the optic discs of 9 adult healthy humans (4 males and 5 females) with a mean age of 28.56±6.78 years were measured. The vessel density (VD) was measured using an RTVue XR with AngioVue. The scan sizes of the macular and optic discs were 3×3 mm and 4.5×4.5 mm, respectively.
Results: OCT-A can image the superficial and deep capillary plexuses and radial peripapillary capillary network. In RPC layer of the optic disc, the VD in the nasal quadrant was lower than the VD in the inferior temporal quadrant. Similarities and significant differences in VD between healthy humans and cynomolgus macaques were obtained using OCT-A.
Conclusions: This study provides normal vascular parameters for adult cynomolgus macaques using OCT-A to help establish an optical parameter database for cynomolgus macaques and compare VD between healthy humans and cynomolgus macaques to promote choroid-retinopathy research.
Trial registration: Current Controlled Trials NCT03692169, retrospectively registered on 26 sept 2018
Keywords: Cynomolgus macaques, Healthy humans, Vascular, Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A), Vessel density (VD)
Ensemble of constraint-handling techniques for solving reservoir scheduling problems
Authors: Hu Tengfei , Shi Yong , Luan Zhenyu , Xu Yifan , Mao Jingqiao 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Reservoir scheduling based on evolutionary algorithms needs to handle potentially stringent physical and operational constraints. Both generic and reservoir scheduling problem-specific constraint-handling techniques (CHTs) have their own merits and limitations. No CHT currently available can yield better solutions than the others consistently. To ensure good reservoir operation schedules, we develop an ensemble of CHTs (ECHT) that can utilize the advantages of different individual CHTs. In the ensemble, each CHT has its own population. In every generation, the different offspring populations are mixed together and evaluated. Each CHT then assigns fitness to all individuals and selects some of them to form its new parent population. The ECHT has been tested against long-term hydropower scheduling of two large-scale reservoir systems in China. Results show that the ECHT outperforms the state-of-the-art CHTs, and its probability of returning feasible solutions is much higher. The reservoir levels optimized with the ECHT are well suited for hydropower generation, which also reduce the chance of reservoir spilling.
Jingshu Keli and its Components Notoginsenoside R1 and Ginsenoside Rb1 Alleviate the Symptoms of Cervical Myelopathy through Kir3.1 Mediated Mechanisms
Authors: Yan Renjie , Chen Rui , Wang Jiahui , Shi Jian , dos Santos Wagner Ferreira , Xu Zhiru , Liu Li 
Published: September 2019

Background & Objective::Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy (CSM) is one of the most serious spinal cord disorders in adults. Pharmacological modulation of ion channels is a common strategy to interfere with CSM and prevent neuronal damage.Methods:Here, we investigated the effects of Jingshu Keli (JSKL), a traditional Chinese herbal formula, on CSM-related gait abnormality, mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia, and assessed the neuronal mechanisms of JSKL on cultured brainstem cells. Behavioral tests and patch clamp recordings were performed to make this assessment.Results:In our study, we found that JSKL significantly recovered the gait performance (P<0.001) and decreased the levels of mechanical pain in 18.9% (P<0.01) and thermal pain in 18.1% (P<0.05). Further investigation suggested that JSKL and its containing ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1), notoginsenoside R1 (NGR1) reduced the action potential frequency in 38.5%, 27.2%, 25.9%, and hyperpolarized resting membrane potential in 15.0%, 13.8%, 12.1%, respectively. Kir channels, not KV channels and KCa channels, were the major intermediate factors achieving treatment effects. Finally, immunostaining results showed that the phosphorylation of Kir3.1 was promoted, whereas the total expression level did not change.Conclusion:Our study reveals a novel strategy of treating CSM by using Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs) containing active components.
Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Endophytic Fungi
Authors: Ancheeva Elena , Daletos Georgios , Proksch Peter 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Endophytes represent a complex community of microorganisms colonizing
asymptomatically internal tissues of higher plants. Several reports have shown that endophytes enhance
the fitness of their host plants by direct production of bioactive secondary metabolites, which are involved
in protecting the host against herbivores and pathogenic microbes. In addition, it is increasingly
apparent that endophytes are able to biosynthesize medicinally important “phytochemicals”, originally
believed to be produced only by their host plants.

Objective:
The present review provides an overview of secondary metabolites from endophytic fungi
with pronounced biological activities covering the literature between 2010 and 2017. Special focus is
given on studies aiming at exploration of the mode of action of these metabolites towards the discovery
of leads from endophytic fungi. Moreover, this review critically evaluates the potential of endophytic
fungi as alternative sources of bioactive “plant metabolites”.

Results:
Over the past few years, several promising lead structures from endophytic fungi have been
described in the literature. In this review, 65 metabolites are outlined with pronounced biological activities,
primarily as antimicrobial and cytotoxic agents. Some of these metabolites have shown to be
highly selective or to possess novel mechanisms of action, which hold great promises as potential drug
candidates.

Conclusion:
Endophytes represent an inexhaustible reservoir of pharmacologically important compounds.
Moreover, endophytic fungi could be exploited for the sustainable production of bioactive
“plant metabolites” in the future. Towards this aim, further insights into the dynamic endophyte - host
plant interactions and origin of endophytic fungal genes would be of utmost importance.
Biomimetic Nanostructures with Compositional Gradient Grown by Combinatorial Matrix-Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation for Tissue Engineering
Authors: Axente Emanuel , Sima Felix 
Published: September 2019

:
There is permanent progress with the fabrication of smart bioactive surfaces that
could govern tissue regeneration. Thin coatings of two or more materials with compositional
gradient allow the construction of arrays with different chemical and physical features on a
solid substrate. With such intelligent bio-platforms, cells can be exposed to a tissue-like
biomimetic micro-environment with precise characteristics that directs cells fate towards specific
phenotypes.

:
We have introduced combinatorial matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (C-MAPLE) as an
alternative approach for the fabrication in a single-step process of either organic or inorganic
thin and nanostructured coatings with variable composition. A continuous reciprocal gradient
of two biomolecules can be achieved by C-MAPLE with discrete areas exhibiting physicochemical
specificity that modulates intracellular signaling events.

:
Herein, we present a review of the current combinatorial laser strategies and methods for fabricating
thin organic and inorganic films with compositional gradient with emphasis on the
surface influence on cell responsiveness. In particular, the specific biological potential of surface
functionalization with thin coatings of biopolymers, proteins and drugs will be discussed.
Laser deposition combinatorial processes are considered an emerging unconventional technology
that can be widely applied to produce composite multilayers and micro-patterns for
faster cell colonization and tissue engineering.
Potential metabolic and behavioural roles of the putative endocannabinoid receptors GPR18, GPR55 and GPR119 in feeding
Authors: Ramírez-Orozco Ricardo E. , García-Ruiz Ricardo , Morales Paula , Villalón Carlos M. , Villafán-Bernal J. Rafael , Marichal-Cancino Bruno A. 
Published: September 2019

:
Endocannabinoids are ancient biomolecules involved in several cellular (e.g., metabolism)
and physiological (e.g., eating behaviour) functions. Indeed, eating behaviour alterations in
marijuana users have led to investigate the orexigenic/anorexigenic effects of cannabinoids in animal/
human models. This increasing body of research suggests that the endocannabinoid system
plays an important role in feeding control. Accordingly, within the endocannabinoid system, cannabinoid
receptors, enzymes and genes represent potential therapeutic targets for dealing with multiple
metabolic and behavioural dysfunctions (e.g., obesity, anorexia, etc.). Paradoxically, our understanding
on the endocannabinoid system as a cellular mediator is yet limited. For example: (i)
only two cannabinoid receptors have been classified, but they are not enough to explain the pharmacological
profile of several experimental effects induced by cannabinoids; and (ii) several orphan
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) interact with cannabinoids and we do not know how to classify
them (e.g., GPR18, GPR55 and GPR119; amongst others).

:
On this basis, the present review attempts to summarize the lines of evidence supporting the potential
role of GPR18, GPR55 and GPR119 in metabolism and feeding control that may explain some
of the divergent effects and puzzling data related to cannabinoid research. Moreover, their therapeutic
potential in feeding behaviour alterations will be considered.
Cardiovascular Disease in Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Authors: Polytarchou Kali , Varvarousis Dimitrios , Manolis Antonis S. 
Published: September 2019

:
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by venous,
arterial or microvascular thrombosis or obstetric events in the presence of persistently positive
antiphospholipid antibodies and constitutes a major cause of cardiovascular events in young people.
Τhis review highlights the pathophysiology of cardiovascular complications in patients with APS and
possible treatment options.

:
Patients with APS have endothelial dysfunction, accelerated endothelial proliferation and intimal hyperplasia,
atherogenesis, platelet activation, inflammatory products secretion and coagulation-fibrinolytic
dysregulation. Cardiovascular complications include accelerated atherosclerosis, acute coronary syndrome,
Libman-Sacks endocarditis, cardiomyopathy and venous, arterial or intracardiac thrombi.
Moreover, pulmonary hypertension and peripheral microvascular dysfunction are common findings.

:
Management of these patients is not well documented. The role of primary thrombosis prevention remains
controversial in individuals with positive antiphospholipid antibodies. Treatment of traditional
cardiovascular risk factors according to current guidelines for the prevention of cardiovascular disease
in the general population is recommended for primary prevention of APS. Anticoagulation therapy with
unfractionated or low-molecular-weight heparin overlapped with a vitamin K antagonist remains the
mainstay of the treatment for APS patients with venous thrombosis, whereas direct oral anticoagulants
are not yet recommended. Data are scarce regarding the secondary arterial thrombosis prevention and it
is not clear whether dual or triple antithrombotic therapy is necessary. To date, it is recommended to
follow current guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndrome in the general population.
New treatment targets are promising options for patients with catastrophic APS.