bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the impact of interhemispheric white matter: Age, executive functioning, and dedifferentiation in the frontal lobes
Authors: Waters Abigail B. , Sawyer Kayle S. , Gansler David A. 
Published: June 2018

IntroductionIn middle age, declines in executive functioning (EF) are associated with decrements in the quality and/or quantity of white and grey matter. Recruitment of homologous regions has been identified as a compensatory mechanism for cognitive decline in later middle age; however, research into neural substrates of EF has yet to be guided by dedifferentiation models. We hypothesized that frontal‐parietal grey matter volume, interhemispheric white matter, and intrahemispheric white matter fractional anisotropy will be predictive of EF. Further, we hypothesized that the comparative association between interhemispheric white matter and EF will increase with age, because of compensatory recruitment.MethodsNeurocognitive test data, DTI, and T1 MPRAGE scans (n = 444) were obtained from the NKI‐Rockland Sample. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the relationship between age, EF, interhemispheric white matter (forceps minor; FM), intrahemispheric white matter (superior longitudinal fasciculus; SLF), and a frontal‐parietal grey matter network. EF and grey matter were modelled as latent variables, with EF examined as the criterion. Additionally, a subsample of participants aged 55 to 85 (n = 168) was analyzed to examine the influence of age related compensatory mechanisms.ResultsThere was a significant relationship between FM, grey matter, and EF, which was fully mediated by age. There was a significant relationship between SLF and EF, which was not mediated by age. For older adults, only the age‐mediated pathway from FM to EF was significant.DiscussionUsing structural imaging data, support was found for age‐related interhemispheric mechanisms of compensation, but not intrahemispheric mechanisms.
Animacy and real‐world size shape object representations in the human medial temporal lobes
Authors: Blumenthal Anna , Stojanoski Bobby , Martin Chris B. , Cusack Rhodri , Köhler Stefan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIdentifying what an object is, and whether an object has been encountered before, is a crucial aspect of human behavior. Despite this importance, we do not yet have a complete understanding of the neural basis of these abilities. Investigations into the neural organization of human object representations have revealed category specific organization in the ventral visual stream in perceptual tasks. Interestingly, these categories fall within broader domains of organization, with reported distinctions between animate, inanimate large, and inanimate small objects. While there is some evidence for category specific effects in the medial temporal lobe (MTL), in particular in perirhinal and parahippocampal cortex, it is currently unclear whether domain level organization is also present across these structures. To this end, we used fMRI with a continuous recognition memory task. Stimuli were images of objects from several different categories, which were either animate or inanimate, or large or small within the inanimate domain. We employed representational similarity analysis (RSA) to test the hypothesis that object‐evoked responses in MTL structures during recognition‐memory judgments also show evidence for domain‐level organization along both dimensions. Our data support this hypothesis. Specifically, object representations were shaped by either animacy, real‐world size, or both, in perirhinal and parahippocampal cortex, and the hippocampus. While sensitivity to these dimensions differed across structures when probed individually, hinting at interesting links to functional differentiation, similarities in organization across MTL structures were more prominent overall. These results argue for continuity in the organization of object representations in the ventral visual stream and the MTL.
Exploring 3‐hinge gyral folding patterns among HCP Q3 868 human subjects
Authors: Zhang Tuo , Chen Hanbo , Razavi Mir Jalil , Li Yujie , Ge Fangfei , Guo Lei , Wang Xianqiao , Liu Tianming 
Published: June 2018

AbstractComparison and integration of neuroimaging data from different brains and populations are fundamental in neuroscience. Over the past decades, the neuroimaging field has largely depended on image registration to compare and integrate neuroimaging data from individuals in a common reference space, with a basic assumption that the brains are similar. However, the intrinsic neuroanatomical complexity and huge interindividual cortical folding variation remain underexplored. Here we focus on a specific cortical convolution pattern, termed 3‐hinge gyral folding, which is the conjunction of gyri from multiple orientations and has unique and consistent anatomically, structurally, and functionally connective patterns across subjects. By developing a novel shape descriptor and a two‐stage clustering pipeline, we devise an automatic method to identify 3‐hinges in the Human Connectome Project Q3 868 human brains, and further parameterize the complexity of such a pattern and quantify its regularity and variation in terms of 3‐hinge number, position, and morphology. Our results not only exhibit the huge interindividual variations, but also reveal regular relationship between gyral hinges and other factors, such as their locations and cortical morphologies. It is found that “line‐shape” cortices have relatively more consistent 3‐hinge shape pattern distributions, and certain types of 3‐hinge patterns favor particular cortical morphologies. In addition, more 3‐hinges are found on “line‐shape” cortices while their numbers vary more across subjects than those on “non‐line‐shape” cortices. This study adds new insights into a better understanding of the regularity and variability of human brain anatomy, and their functional aspects.
Prognostic effect of sidedness in early stage versus advanced colon cancer
Authors: Kennecke H.F. , Yin Y. , Davies J.M. , Speers C.H. , Cheung W.Y. , Lee‐Ying R. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackground and AimsThe prognostic effect of sidedness in colorectal cancer has been evaluated in numerous prospective and retrospective cohorts. Most of these have reported overall survival data; there is scant relapse‐free survival data in early stage disease. This study aimed to determine the effect of tumor sidedness in survival in early stage and relapsed colon cancer.MethodsPatients with stage I‐III colorectal cancer were identified from the BC Cancer Agency Gastrointestinal Cancer Outcomes Unit. Survival analysis by stage and sidedness was compared with the log‐rank test. Baseline characteristics were controlled by multivariate Cox‐proportional hazard models. In relapsed patients, bevacizumab and EGFR inhibitor (EGFRI) treatments were included and tested for interaction.ResultsAmong 5378 patients with stage I‐III colon cancer, patients with right‐sided stage II tumors experienced better relapse‐free survival compared with those with left‐sided tumors; right‐sidedness was not prognostic for RFS in stage III disease. When survival was considered in patients who relapsed, right‐sided tumors had inferior survival after relapse in both stage II and stage III tumors. At relapse, right‐sided outcomes were inferior regardless of biologic therapy. An interaction test revealed a significant association between sidedness and survival with EGFRIs.ConclusionsIn this large, population‐based study, right‐sided presentation has a significant prognostic impact: in early stage, right‐sidedness is favorably prognostic among stage II tumors and not prognostic in stage III disease. After relapse, right‐ sidedness is associated with an inferior prognosis, regardless of initial stage of presentation. Colon tumor sidedness is independently prognostic and may be considered in treatment assignment for both early stage and advanced disease.
Openness to Experience, Ethical Leadership, and Innovative Work Behavior
Authors: Javed Basharat , Khan Abdul Karim , Arjoon Surendra , Mashkoor Maria , Haque Adnan ul 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDrawing on trait activation theory, we examine ethical leadership as a boundary condition on the relationship between openness to experience and innovative work behavior. We collected data from 291 subordinates and 51 supervisors to test our theoretical model. Our results suggest that openness to experience was positively related to innovative work behavior. Furthermore, this relationship was only significant when ethical leadership was perceived high as compared to low. Our research contributes to the literatures on innovative work behavior and ethical leadership.
The association of length of hospital stay with readmission after elective pancreatic resection
Authors: Mazmudar Aditya , Castle Joshua , Yang Anthony D. , Bentrem David J. 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to identify if prolonged length of hospital stay was protective for certain post‐discharge complications requiring readmission after pancreatectomy.MethodsPatients undergoing elective pancreatectomy from 2012 to 2013 were identified in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS‐NSQIP). Multivariate regression analyses were conducted to elucidate the association of length of hospital stay (LOS), in‐hospital complications, and post‐discharge complications with 30‐day hospital readmission.ResultsMean LOS for the readmitted versus not readmitted cohort was 9.01 and 10.36, respectively (P < 0.001). Approximately half of hospital readmissions occur within 7 days of discharge from the hospital. The readmission rate (after hospital discharge) for patients with any in‐hospital complication was 13.2%. On the other hand, the readmission rate for patients with any post‐discharge complication was 70.8%. Readmission rates were above 85% for patients with the following post‐discharge complications: organ/space surgical site infection (SSI), pneumonia, ventilator dependence greater than 48 h, progressive renal insufficiency, sepsis, and septic shock. In a multivariate logistic regression model, prolonged LOS reduced the odds of any post‐discharge complication requiring readmission (OR = 0.68, P = 0.01). Specifically, prolonged LOS reduced the odds of a post‐discharge organ/space SSI requiring readmission (OR = 0.72, P = 0.02).ConclusionReadmission after pancreatectomy primarily occurs due to a new post‐discharge event. Furthermore, increased LOS is protective for readmission for post‐pancreatectomy complications, particularly those due to post‐discharge organ space SSIs. Our findings suggest that solely focusing on reducing LOS in pancreatectomy may lead to the unintended consequence of increasing readmission rates.
Nanostructured Thin Films of Moderately Functionalized PMMA‐b‐PS
Authors: Turgut Hatice , Varadharajan Divya , Dingenouts Nico , Delaittre Guillaume 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA library of poly(methyl methacrylate)‐block‐polystyrene (PMMA‐b‐PS) block copolymers (BCPs) bearing small amounts (<10 mol%) of functional comonomer in either one or both blocks is investigated for their phase separation behavior in bulk and in thin films. Particularly, functionalities typically involved in modern postpolymerization modifications are considered, e.g., azide, pentafluorophenyl, furfuryl. Small‐angle X‐ray scattering and atomic force microscopy are employed to determine the characteristic dimensional features of lamellae‐forming BCPs, which differ essentially in the functional groups. It is shown that the presence of the reactive moieties does not perturb the ability to phase separate in bulk, yet has an impact on the dimensions of the domains. Using a classic two‐step procedure involving surface neutralization with a statistical PMMA‐co‐PS copolymer, it is observed that some functional copolymers are not able to form homogeneous thin films. Solvent stability and crosslinking ability of the films are then briefly assessed as a first step to establishing the functional films as nanoresolved molecular immobilization platform with feature sizes of 20 nm and below.
Ketone‐Functionalized Polymer Nano‐Objects Prepared via Photoinitiated Polymerization‐Induced Self‐Assembly (Photo‐PISA) Using a Poly(diacetone acrylamide)‐Based Macro‐RAFT Agent
Authors: He Jun , Xu Qin , Tan Jianbo , Zhang Li 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHerein, ketone‐functionalized diblock copolymer nano‐objects are prepared by photoinitiated reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) dispersion polymerization of tert‐butyl acrylate (tBA) using a poly(diacetone acrylamide) (PDAAM)‐based macromolecular RAFT (macro‐RAFT) agent in ethanol/water (60/40, w/w) at room temperature. A high polymerization rate is observed via the exposure of visible light (λmax = 405 nm, 0.45 mW cm−2) with near quantitative monomer conversion being achieved within 60 min. A morphological phase diagram is constructed by changing the degree of polymerization (DP) of PtBA and the monomer concentration. The morphologies of polymer nano‐objects are further tuned by incorporating isobornyl acrylate (IBOA) into the core‐forming block. The ketone‐functionalized diblock copolymer nano‐objects can be shell‐cross‐linked by reacting with a diamine. Finally, the shell‐cross‐linked polymer nano‐objects are further hydrolyzed and employed as a template for the synthesis of silver composites.
In Situ Crosslinking of Nanoparticles in Polymerization‐Induced Self‐Assembly via ARGET ATRP of Glycidyl Methacrylate
Authors: Wang Jian , Wu Zhigang , Wang Guowei , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPolymerization‐induced self‐assembly (PISA) and in situ crosslinking of the formed nanoparticles are successfully realized by activators regenerated by electron‐transfer atom transfer radical polymerization (ARGET ATRP) of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) or a mixture of GMA/benzyl methacrylate (BnMA) monomers in ethanol. Poly(oligo(ethylene oxide) methyl ether methacrylate) was employed as macroinitiator/stabilizer, and a cupric bromide/tris(pyridin‐2‐ylmethyl)amine complex as catalyst. Tin (2‐ethylhexanoate) was used as reducing agent for ARGET ATRP, and simultaneously acted as a catalyst for ring‐opening polymerization of oxirane ring in GMA. The kinetics shows that the double bond in GMA was completely polymerized in 4.0 h, while only a 33% conversion of oxirane ring in GMA was reached at 117.0 h. Such a large difference would guarantee a smooth PISA and a subsequent in situ crosslinking of formed nanoparticles. The transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering show spherical nanoparticles formed. With a feed molar ratio [BnMA]0/[GMA]0 = 150/50, 100/100, and 50/150, the nanoparticles formed in ethanol can dissociate or swell in toluene. When pure GMA was used, the solid nanoparticles were observed in toluene or ethanol. The ARGET ATRP provides an efficient strategy to stabilize the nanoparticles formed in the PISA of GMA‐containing system.
Über den Einfluss von Werkstoffkennwerten auf das Spanbruchverhalten von bleiarmem Messing
Authors: Hofmann U. , Nobel C. , Baier S. , Buchkremer S. , Döbbeler B. , Klocke F. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBleiarme Messing‐Werkstoffe gewinnen nicht zuletzt wegen verschiedener regulatorischer Initiativen auf nationaler und länderübergreifender Ebene immer mehr an Bedeutung. Ein herabgesetzter Massenanteil Blei in Messing führt bei der spanenden Bearbeitung jedoch zu ungünstigeren Spanformen und –längen beziehungsweise zu einer Vergrößerung der Spanraumzahl, welche ein Maß für das Schüttvolumen von Spänen ist. Auf der Grundlage praxisnaher Zerspanversuche mit unterschiedlichen Kupfer‐Zink‐Blei‐Werkstoffen wird gezeigt, dass ein reduzierter Bleigehalt durch eine Anpassung der Maschineneinstellungen Vorschub und Schnitttiefe kompensiert werden kann. Dazu wird ein phänomenologisches Modell vorgestellt, mit dem die Spanraumzahl aus dem Bleigehalt und den Zerspanungsparametern berechnet werden kann. Demgegenüber liefert diese Arbeit keine Hinweise auf eine signifikante Korrelation zwischen der Spanraumzahl und den Kennwerten aus standardisierten Werkstoffprüfungen, wie etwa dem Zugversuch, der Härtemessung oder der quantitativen Gefügeanalyse.
Analysis of dissimilar friction stir welding process for tensile properties of EN AW 2024 and EN AW 5083
Authors: Kasman Ş. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe objective of the present study is to analyze the effect of dissimilar friction stir welding process parameters associated with the tool pin profile. Nine different welding experiments were conducted on EN AW 2024 and EN AW 5083 plates. Each of the welded joints was exposed to metallurgical and mechanical tests to determine the effect of the parameters on the welded joint's strength and characteristics. The welding responses or characteristics were analyzed using the statistical tools, grey relational analysis and analysis of variance. Thus, the contribution of each parameter to the process response (ultimate tensile strength and percentage of elongation) was analyzed, and an optimal welding condition was determined. The results of metallurgical analyses showed that the defective joints were mostly in the welded joints fabricated with a conical threaded pin, and the shape of the stir zone was affected by the pin profile and tool rotational speed. The metallurgical results were consistent with the tensile test results. Statistical analyses showed that the most effective parameter on the welded joint strength and elongation is tool rotational speed with 70.3 %. While the tool pin profile affects the stir zone shape, the strength and elongation are not affected. The effect of welding speed (5.6 %) is not significant on strength and elongation.
Quantitative adiabatic‐refocused INEPT (QA‐RINEPT) as a tool for fast and reliable characterization of polyols
Authors: Sabatino Paolo , Gao Min , Hou Jianbo 
Published: June 2018

Abstract13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a powerful tool for the detailed characterization and structure elucidation of polymeric samples. The low natural abundance and sensitivity of the 13C isotope, however, lead to very long acquisition time, therefore limiting the use of such technique. We report here the implementation of a quantitative method, quantitative adiabatic‐refocused insensitive nuclei enhanced by polarization transfer (QA‐RINEPT), for the characterization of polyol samples. The method, based on the well‐known insensitive nuclei enhanced by polarization transfer sequence, allows the boost in sensitivity of the carbon resonances without sacrificing the quantitative aspects of the analysis. This is achieved controlling the polarization transfer mechanism and introducing a response factor to calculate precisely the sensitivity gain of the different carbon signals. Compared with the standard single pulse quantitative experiment, the QA‐RINEPT method produces up to 4.7× signals enhancement per unit of time. An in‐depth statistical analysis was conducted to confirm the reliability of the QA‐RINEPT method. We show that there is excellent agreement between the new and old 13C‐NMR methods for the quantitative determination of several important polyol properties such as the comonomer and initiator content as well as the ratio of primary and secondary hydroxyl groups.
Dielectric spectroscopic analysis of polyvinyl chloride nanocomposites loaded with Fe2O3 nanocrystals
Authors: Mansour Sh. A. , Elsad R. A. , Izzularab M. A. 
Published: June 2018

Iron oxide (α‐Fe2O3) nanocrystals powder was successfully synthesized via the sol‐gel method. The microstructural examination of the synthesized nanocrystals confirmed the formation of α‐Fe2O3 (hematite) structure using X‐ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared. The synthesized nano‐hematite powder with different weight percentage up to 5 wt% was introduced to polyvinyl chloride (PVC) to fabricate PVC/Fe2O3 nanocomposites using the solution‐cast technique. The dielectric spectroscopic analysis for the investigated samples has been studied at room temperature and at different temperatures up to 120°C. The real part of the permittivity (ε′) exhibited a significant dependence on filler concentrations throughout whole temperature range. However, the dependency of both of the loss tangent (tanδ) and AC conductivity (σac) on filler concentrations is more pronounced at temperatures higher than room temperature. The obtained values of tan δ for the investigated nancomposites referred to the α‐relaxation around 70°C, which is close to glass transition temperature of the investigated PVC. The dependency of the dielectric strength on Fe2O3 nanofiller concentration was observed with enhancement in the dielectric strength reach to 20.5% for PVC/0.7 wt% Fe2O3 nanocomposite higher than the recorded value for the pristine PVC.
Assessing the impact of the new ICD‐10‐CM coding system on pharmacoepidemiologic studies—An application to the known association between angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors and angioedema
Authors: Panozzo Catherine A. , Welch Emily C. , Woodworth Tiffany S. , Huang Ting‐Ying , Her Qoua L. , Gagne Joshua J. , Sun Jenny W. , Rogers Catherine , Menzin Talia J. , Ehrmann Max , Freitas Katherine E. , Haug Nicole R. , Toh Sengwee 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPurposeTo replicate the well‐established association between angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors versus beta blockers and angioedema in the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD‐10‐CM) era.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective, inception cohort study in a large insurance database formatted to the Sentinel Common Data Model. We defined study periods spanning the ICD‐9‐CM era only, ICD‐10‐CM era only, and ICD‐9‐CM and ICD‐10‐CM era and conducted simple‐forward mapping (SFM), simple‐backward mapping (SBM), and forward‐backward mapping (FBM) referencing the General Equivalence Mappings to translate the outcome (angioedema) and covariates from ICD‐9‐CM to ICD‐10‐CM. We performed propensity score (PS)‐matched and PS‐stratified Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsIn the ICD‐9‐CM and ICD‐10‐CM eras spanning April 1 to September 30 of 2015 and 2016, there were 152 017 and 145 232 angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor initiators and 115 073 and 116 652 beta‐blocker initiators, respectively. The PS‐matched HR was 4.19 (95% CI, 2.82‐6.23) in the ICD‐9‐CM era, 4.37 (2.92‐6.52) in the ICD‐10‐CM era using SFM, and 4.64 (3.05‐7.07) in the ICD‐10‐CM era using SBM and FBM. The PS‐matched HRs from the mixed ICD‐9‐CM and ICD‐10‐CM eras ranged from 3.91 (2.69‐5.68) to 4.35 (3.33‐5.70).ConclusionThe adjusted HRs across different diagnostic coding eras and the use of SFM versus SBM and FBM produced numerically different but clinically similar results. Additional investigations as ICD‐10‐CM data accumulate are warranted.