bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blutplättchen, Endothel und Tumorzellen
Authors: Steiner M. 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungWir haben uns um eine ausgeglichene Interpretation des Für und Wider einer Beteiligung der Ausscheidungsprodukte von Thrombozyten und Endothelzellen an der hämatogenen Metastasierung maligner Tumoren bemüht. Die Bilanz reicht jedoch nicht aus, um den Thrombozyten die dominierende Rolle bei der Aussaat von Tumorzellen zuzuschreiben. Zweifellos gibt es maligne Tumoren, deren hämatogene Ausbreitung in hohem Maße von den Sekretionsprodukten der Blutplättchen und Endothelzellen abhängt. Eine tabellarische Zusammenstellung derartiger Tumoren müßte allerdings erst noch erstellt werden und würde bruchstückhaft bleiben. Jedoch selbst innerhalb der speziellen Gruppe beeinflußbarer Tumoren bleibt fraglich, ob die Verabreichung antithrombozytärer Substanzen und/ oder PGI2-Agonisten mehr als eine nur nachgeordnete Rolle in der Hemmung einer Metastasenbildung zu spielen vermag. Die hämatogene Aussaat bösartiger Zellen stellt einen so multifaktoriell ausgelösten Prozeß dar, daß eine scharf fokussierte Therapie wohl kaum in der Lage sein wird, dieses Geschehen zu unterdrücken. Da jedoch keine großangelegten Studien entsprechender therapeutischer Maßnahmen an einem repräsentativen Querschnitt verschiedener Tumoren existieren, muß jeder seine eigenen Schlußfolgerungen aus den vorliegenden Daten ziehen.
Dementia and Hearing Loss: Interrelationships and Treatment Considerations
Authors: Mamo Sara , Hopper Tammy , Hubbard H. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHearing loss is common among typically aging older adults and those with dementia. In recent years, there has been a renewed interest in the relationship between hearing and cognition among older adults, and in hearing loss as a modifiable risk factor for dementia. However, relatively less attention has been focused on the management of hearing loss among individuals with dementia and the key roles of speech–language pathologists and audiologists in providing such care. In this article, the authors review the literature on hearing loss and dementia, and analyze the research evidence for treatment of hearing loss in the context of major neurocognitive disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease. This article provides an up-to-date review of research evidence for hearing interventions, as well as recommendations for speech–language pathologists and audiologists to work together to ensure access to hearing health care and increased opportunities for meaningful life engagement for people with dementia and hearing loss.
Person-Centered, Skilled Services Using a Montessori Approach for Persons with Dementia
Authors: Brush Jennifer , Bourgeois Michelle , Douglas Natalie 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe current mandate for person-centered care throughout the health care system, and especially in the nursing home industry, requires that speech–language pathologists ensure that the services they provide to elders with dementia are skilled, person centered, and relevant to positive overall health outcomes. Guidelines developed by the Association Montessori International Advisory Board for Montessori for Aging and Dementia are one avenue toward such skilled and person-centered services. The purpose of this article is to provide clinicians with practical strategies for guiding their assessment, goal writing, and intervention plans to meet the expectations of a person-centered approach to services for elders with dementia, using the Montessori approach as a philosophical guide.
Arrested Hydrocephalus in Childhood: Case Series and Review of the Literature
Authors: Hurni Yannick , Poretti Andrea , Schneider Jacques , Guzman Raphael , Ramelli Gian Paolo 
Published: June 2018

Introduction Hydrocephalus can be progressive or spontaneously arrested. In arrested hydrocephalus, the balance between production and absorption of the cerebrospinal fluid is restored. Patients are mostly asymptomatic, and no surgical treatment is necessary for them.
Methods We performed a two-center consecutive case series study, aimed at investigating the safety of nonsurgical management of hydrocephalus in selected pediatric patients. We retrospectively selected all consecutive patients, suspected to suffer from arrested hydrocephalus and referred to our two institutions between January 2011 and December 2013. Data on clinical and radiological follow-up were collected until June 2017.
Results Five children diagnosed with arrested hydrocephalus were included in the study. All patients presented macrocephaly as the main presenting sign. Associated mild-to-moderate stable motor disorders were assessed in four out of five cases. Typical symptoms and signs associated with acute raised intracranial pressure were absent in all patients. Magnetic resonance imaging studies showed ventriculomegaly in all patients. A diagnosis of arrested hydrocephalus was made in all five cases based on stable clinical and radiological findings during the initial observation. Conservative management based on active surveillance was, therefore, proposed. During the follow-up period, we observed stable or improved conditions in four out of five patients, while the remaining patient presented progressive hydrocephalus.
Discussion Making a distinction between arrested and progressive hydrocephalus is fundamental, because of the opposed appropriate management. Any newly discovered case of hydrocephalus, not characterized by clear signs of progressive hydrocephalus, should benefit from active surveillance before any definitive decision is taken.
Use of an Elastomeric Knee Brace in Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome: Short-Term Results
Authors: Uboldi Francesco , Ferrua Paolo , Tradati Daniele , Zedde Pietro , Richards Jim , Manunta Andrea , Berruto Massimo 
Published: June 2018

Purpose This article verifies the effectiveness of a new brace on patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) in adjunct to a specifically developed rehabilitation program.
Methods Two groups of 30 patients with PFPS were prospectively and randomly allocated to a rehabilitation protocol, with (group A) or without (group B) the use of a specific brace. All the patients were assessed at 3, 6, and 12 months using the disease-specific Kujala scale and a visual analog scale (VAS) for pain; time to return to sport and patient satisfaction with the brace were also recorded.
Results Kujala scale's values showed constant and progressive improvement. The mean score at 6 months was 79.8 ± 6.8 points in group A and 76.8 ± 8.6 in group B, rising at 12 months to 80.9 ± 7.5 in group A and 78.4 ± 8.3 in group B. VAS scores significantly differed (p < 0.05) between the two groups at both 6 and 12 months; the score recorded at 12 months was 0.9 ± 1.3 in the brace-treated group and 1.8 ± 1.6 in the controls. The patients who used a brace showed a quicker return to sports and 75% of the patients in this group were satisfied.
Conclusion All the scores improved progressively in both groups. The most significant improvement concerned pain, showing that the brace used in this study may allow a better subjective outcome and a quicker return to sport.
Level of Evidence Level II, prospective randomized controlled trial.
Distalization and Medialization of Tibial Tuberosity for the Treatment of Potential Patellar Instability with Patella Alta
Authors: Enea Davide , Canè Pier Paolo , Fravisini Marco , Gigante Antonio , Dei Giudici Luca 
Published: June 2018

Purpose The aim of the study was to test the distalization and medialization of the tibial tuberosity (DMTT) for the treatment of patellar instability associated with patella alta, focusing on residual instability and pain.
Methods Twenty-four consecutive patients (26 knees) suffering from patellofemoral instability and patella alta were treated by DMTT. Two groups were identified, which differed for documented history of frank patella dislocation. The groups were named objective patellar instability (OPI) (history of dislocation) and potential patella instability (PPI) (no dislocation). Outcome was measured with visual analogue scale (VAS), Kujala score, and Tegner score. Comparison between groups was performed using Student's t-test, Wilcoxon rank score, and Fisher's exact test (significance at p < 0.05).
Results At 50 ± 18 and 41 ± 18 months of follow-up, respectively, both PPI and OPI groups obtained a significant pain reduction and functional improvement. The PPI group showed a significant decrease of the subjective instability. No procedure-related complications were reported.
Conclusion This study suggests that DMTT is a viable option for PPI patients with patella alta. The outcome was comparable between PPI and OPI cases; however, decrease in subjective instability was significantly greater in PPI patients.
Level of Evidence Level III, retrospective comparative study.
Total Hip Arthroplasty in Patients 21 Years and Younger Using Highly Cross-Linked Polyethylene: Excellent Survivorship at Five Years
Authors: Adelani Muyibat , Bohnenkamp Frank , Pashos Gail , Clohisy John , Sassoon Adam 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe survivorship of contemporary total hip arthroplasty has improved substantially as a result of the success of highly cross-linked polyethylene. Nevertheless, there is limited information on its performance in extremely young patients. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the (1) clinical and radiographic outcomes, (2) polyethylene wear rates, and (3) mid-term survivorship of total hip arthroplasty in patients 21 years or younger using highly cross-linked polyethylene. After Institutional Review Board approval, the authors identified 45 patients aged 21 years or younger (56 hips) who underwent primary total hip arthroplasty with highly cross-linked polyethylene at their institution by the senior author between 2000 and 2009. Patients were followed for a minimum of 2 years, or until revision. At a mean follow-up of 57 months, modified Harris Hip Scores, Western Ontario McMaster Universities Arthritis Index scores, Short Form-12 physical function scores, and University of California, Los Angeles activity scores improved significantly in all patients. There was no radiographic evidence of osteolysis in any patient. The mean linear polyethylene wear rate was 0.02 mm per year. Survivorship was 98% with one revision for acetabular loosening at 71 months. Total hip arthroplasty in patients 21 years or younger with highly cross-linked polyethylene had excellent clinical and radiographic outcomes at mid-term follow-up. Longer-term data are needed in this patient population to confirm continued survivorship in the extremely young. The level of evidence used for this study was level III.
Outpatient Surgical Management of Orbital Blowout Fractures
Authors: Bregman Jana A. , Vakharia Kalpesh T. , Idowu Oluwatobi O. , Vagefi M.Reza , Grumbine F. Lawson 
Published: June 2018

There is ample investigation into the optimal timing and approach to orbital blowout fracture (OBF) repair; however, less attention has been directed toward postoperative care. This is a multicenter IRB-approved retrospective review of patients with OBF presenting to our study sites between November 2008 and August 2016. Those with isolated OBF, over 18 years of age, and who had not suffered additional facial injuries or globe trauma were included. A total of 126 surgical cases of isolated OBF repair were identified that met our inclusion and exclusion criteria; 42.1% were outpatient repairs while the remaining 57.9% were admitted for overnight monitoring. Time elapsed prior to repair differed between the two groups at a mean of 8.4 days versus 5.2 days for the outpatient and inpatient cohorts, respectively ( p = 0.001). A majority of inpatient cases underwent immediate repair, while a majority of outpatient cases were delayed. There were two cases of RBH in the outpatient cohort resulting in an overall incidence of 1.6%. In both instances, a significant change in clinical exam including decreased visual acuity, diplopia, and eye pain prompted repeat evaluation and immediate intervention for hematoma evacuation. Estimated hospital charges to the patient's insurance for key components of an inpatient versus outpatient isolated OBF repair amounted to a total cost of $9,598.22 for inpatient management and $7,265.02 for outpatient management without reflexive postoperative imaging. Reflexive postoperative CT scans were obtained in 76.7% of inpatient cases and only two led to a reoperation. No outpatient repairs included reflexive postoperative imaging. Outpatient OBF repair is an attractive alternative to inpatient management. The potential cost savings of outpatient management of OBF, which do not detract from quality or safety of patient care, should not be ignored. Our results will hopefully contribute to updated shared practice patterns for all subspecialties that participate in the surgical management of OBF.
Sparse bursts optimize information transmission in a multiplexed neural code
Authors: Naud Richard , Sprekeler Henning 
Published: June 2018

Significance
Understanding the neural code is to attribute proper meaning to temporal sequences of action potentials. We report a simple neural code based on distinguishing single spikes from spikes in close succession, commonly called “bursts.” By separating these two types of responses, we show that ensembles of neurons can communicate rapidly changing and graded information from two sources simultaneously and with minimal cross-talk. Second, we show that this multiplexing can optimize the information transferred per action potential when bursts are relatively rare. Finally, we show that neurons can demultiplex these two streams of information. We propose that this multiplexing may be particularly important in hierarchical communication where bottom–up and top–down information must be distinguished.
Constructicography at work
Authors: Lyngfelt Benjamin , Bäckström Linnéa , Borin Lars , Ehrlemark Anna , Rydstedt Rudolf 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This chapter addresses central topics in constructicography from the viewpoint of the Swedish constructicon project (SweCcn), focusing on practical constructicon development. The full process of construction description is described and discussed, from selection via corpus analysis to finished constructicon entry and beyond, towards structuring the set of entries into a network. Particular attention is given to the description format and the treatment of constructional variation. A main theme in the chapter is the interdependence and alignment of SweCcn and related resources, on the one hand in the local context, notably the infrastructure of Språkbanken (the Swedish language bank), and on the other hand with respect to corresponding resources for other languages. Of key concern is the relation to FrameNet, both the Swedish and other framenets, and a major section is devoted to conditions for linking constructions and frames.
A constructicon for Russian
Authors: Janda Laura A. , Lyashevskaya Olga , Nesset Tore , Rakhilina Ekaterina , Tyers Francis M. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The Russian Constructicon project currently prioritizes multi-word constructions that are not represented in dictionaries and that are especially useful for learners of Russian. The immediate goal is to identify constructions and determine the semantic constraints on their slots. The Russian Constructicon is being built in parallel with the Swedish Constructicon and will ultimately model the entire Russian language in terms of constructions at all levels from morpheme to discourse. The contents of the Russian Constructicon will serve learners of the language, linguists researching both language-internal and typological phenomena, and will also serve language technology applications such as spell checkers and automated readability assessment tools.
Linguistics vs. language technology in constructicon building and use
Authors: Borin Lars , Dannélls Dana , Grūzītis Normunds 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
In this chapter, we describe the close interaction of linguists and language technologists in the Swedish constructicon project. This kind of collaboration is not so common today, because of the way that language technology has developed in recent decades, but in our case the collaboration has been very successful, and constituted a genuine instance of cross-fertilization, where an evolving language technology infrastructure and a computational lexical macroresource described in the chapter has formed an integral part of the Swedish constructicon development environment, while at the same time the structured linguistic knowledge described in the constructicon has informed the language technology making up the infrastructure.
Velar allomorphy in Ibero-Romance
Authors: O'Neill Paul 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This article analyses the historical development of velar allomorphy in the Ibero-Romance verb and argues that the recognition
of (i) autonomous morphological structures, or morphomes (Aronoff, 1994), and (ii)
variation as to the morphological parsing of velar allomorphy can facilitate more convincing explanations of the evolution,
spread and change of this allomorphy and the class of velar verbs which exhibit it. With regards morphomes, this study
presents data, which prompts the conclusion that the allomorphy in these cells tends not only to converge upon one particular
phonological form (Maiden, 2004), but also upon a particular morphological
structure or type. Regarding the morphological parsing of the allomorphy, it is argued that it can correspond to root
allomorphy or desinential allomorphy.
Stylistic fronting in Old Spanish texts
Authors: Elvira Javier 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This paper provides new evidence on Stylistic Fronting in Old Spanish. The data show significant differences in the
distribution and restrictions of Stylistic Fronting in main and subordinate clauses. They also provide new evidence about the
syntagmatic split of phrases occurring simultaneously in many cases of Stylistic Fronting. I also address the question of
whether this kind of fronting may be viewed as an instance of the emphatic movement or focus. Looking at textual evidence, the
focal or expressive character of these expressions is not always easy to prove. These data lead to the conclusion that
Stylistic Fronting should be viewed as a by-product or an epiphenomenon derived from multiple causes and motivations.
Studying Ibero-Romance before 1200
Authors: Wright Roger 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Those who wish to study the semantic, morphological or syntactic development of some aspect of Old Spanish need to include in
their investigations data from before 1200. The history of Latin in the Iberian Peninsula, before the so-called
“Twelfth-century Renaissance”, was similar to that of any other literate living language; most texts (including legal texts)
were in the written mode of the native language, despite aiming for traditional orthography, and thus they can be used, with
care, as material for the study of the spoken language of their time.
Evaluation of a Train-the-Trainer Program to Build Capacity for Training Tobacco Treatment Specialists
Authors: Jolicoeur Denise , Cranos Caroline L , Frisard Christine , Pbert Lori 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Introduction
Tobacco-treatment specialists (TTSs) and high-quality TTS training programs are needed to improve access to evidence-based tobacco-dependence treatment. To meet this demand, the University of Massachusetts (UMass) Medical School developed the Train-the-Trainer in Tobacco Treatment (T4) program to build a cadre of trainers to deliver the accredited UMass TTS training programs. This paper reports on the feasibility and quality of TTS trainings led by Certified UMass TTS Trainers (Trainer-led) compared with trainings led by UMass staff (On-site).

Methods
Data were collected between September 2014 and June 2017. Feasibility included the number of Trainers, Trainer-led programs, and participants. Quality compared participant exam results and evaluations of the two training program types.

Results
Fifty-three Trainers were certified during 2014–2017, and conducted 26 TTS trainings with 351 participants. There were no significant differences in participant mean exam scores [On-site = 86.33 (SD = 7.83); Trainer-led = 86.15 (SD = 8.47)], and a similar percentage of participants obtained a passing score on the exam (On-site 94.4%, Trainer-led 94.0%). There were no significant differences in increased self-efficacy in delivering effective tobacco-treatment services [On-site = 2.92, Trainer-led = 2.93; p = .52 (3-point Likert scale, 1 = not at all, 3 = a great deal)] or in overall satisfaction with the training [On-site = 3.84; Trainer-led = 3.81; p = .072 (4-point Likert scale, 1 = very dissatisfied, 4 = very satisfied)].

Conclusions
The Trainer-led model expanded the number of UMass-trained TTSs with equivalent participant knowledge and perceived improvement in ability to deliver effective tobacco-dependence treatment compared with the gold-standard training model. It offers a potentially more accessible option for training TTSs compared with the On-site model.

Implications
Train-the-Trainer in Tobacco Treatment (T4) has increased the capacity to deliver high-quality training to healthcare providers who might not otherwise have access to an accredited TTS training program. Certified Trainers effectively identified potential participants and delivered training that was equivalent in quality to the standard UMass TTS Core Training program. There were no significant differences between the training models in two critical measures: (1) participant exam scores and (2) participants’ rating of improvement in their ability to deliver effective tobacco-dependence treatment. Organizations can now choose from two equally effective models for delivering TTS training based on their unique needs and training populations.
Labor and Capital Dynamics under Financing Frictions*
Authors: Michaels Ryan , Beau Page T , Whited Toni M 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
We assemble a new, quarterly panel dataset that links firms’ investment and financing to their employment and wages. In the data, wages and leverage are negatively related, both cross-sectionally and within firms. This pattern contradicts models in which firms insure workers against unemployment risk. We reconcile this fact with a model that integrates factor adjustment frictions and wage bargaining with costly external financing. In the model, the probability of default rises with debt. Because default incurs deadweight costs, the expected surplus over which firms and workers bargain falls, thus depressing wages. We show that raising financing costs reduces employment and wages, in line with recent reduced-form evidence.