bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COMMENCE Trial – Comparing hypOtherMic teMperaturEs duriNg hemiarCh surgEry A Randomized Controlled Trial of Mild vs Moderate Hypothermia on Patient Outcomes in Aortic Hemiarch Surgery with Anterograde Cerebral Perfusion
Authors: Jabagi Habib , Wells George , Boodhwani Munir 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background:
Aortic arch surgery remains the only viable life-saving treatment for aortic arch disease. However, the necessity for cessation of systemic blood flow with hypothermic cardiac arrest carries substantial risk of morbidity and mortality, including poor neurological outcomes and kidney failure. While uncontrolled studies have suggested the safety of operating at warmer temperatures, significant variables remain un-investigated supporting the need for a randomized clinical trial (RCT) to produce evidence-based guidelines for perfusion strategies in aortic surgery. This study proposes a multi-centre Randomized Control Trial (RCT), in order to compare outcomes of warmer hypothermic strategies during aortic hemiarch surgery on a composite endpoint of neurologic and acute kidney injury (AKI).

Methods:
This is a prospective multi-centre, single-blind two-arm RCT comparing mild (32°C) versus moderate (26°C) hypothermic cardiac arrest in patients (n=282) undergoing hemiarch surgery with antegrade cerebral perfusion (ACP). The primary endpoint is a composite of neurological injury (incidence of transient ischemic attack and/or stroke) and KDIGO stage 1 or higher AKI. Secondary outcomes include death, cardiopulmonary bypass time, bleeding, transfusion rates, prolonged mechanical ventilation, myocardial infarction, length of stay, and quality of life measures.

Patients will undergo 1:1 block randomization to each treatment arm on day of surgery. Sequence of operation will be at the surgeon's discretion with mandatory guidelines for temperature and ACP administration. Perioperative management will occur as per enrolling centre standard of care. Neurocognitive function will be assessed for neurological injury using validated neurological screening tests: NIHSS, MOCA, BI, and MRS throughout patient follow-up. Diagnosis and classification of AKI will be based on rising creatinine values as per the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. Study duration for each patient will be 60±14 days.

Discussion:
It is hoped that performing hemiarch surgery using mild hypothermia (32°C) and selective ACP will result in a 15% absolute risk reduction in the composite outcomes. The potential of this risk reduction will translate into improved patient outcomes, survival, and long-term financial savings to the Health Care system. In addition, the results of this trial will be used to create the first-ever guidelines for temperature management strategy during aortic surgery.
OCT Angiography of Persistent Hyaloid Artery: A case report
Authors: Jeon Hansol , Kim Jinsoo , Kwon Soonil 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background

A persistent hyaloid artery is a rare fetal remnant. Several complications such as amblyopia, vitreous hemorrhage, and retinal detachment have been reported. Here, we present a case of vitreous hemorrhage with a persistent hyaloid artery.

Case presentation

A healthy 16-year-old male presented with blurred vision in his left eye. Vitreous hemorrhage occurred and absorbed spontaneously. Slit-lamp examination demonstrated a Mittendorf’s dot and fundus examination revealed a persistent hyaloid artery. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed a Bergmeister’s papilla. The blood flow of the persistent hyaloid artery via the Bergmeister’s papilla was found by OCT angiography.

Conclusion

The persistent hyaloid artery should be considered as a cause of spontaneous vitreous hemorrhage of young healthy patient. The OCT angiography will be a useful noninvasive approach to confirm the patency of the persistent hyaloid artery.
The Third Force in Folklore Studies: Gary Alan Fine's Sociological Approach
Authors: Antonijević Dragana 
Published: June 2019

This paper attempts to offer a critical overview of the theoretical and methodological contribution of micro-sociologist and social psychologist Gary Alan Fine to folklore studies. It begins with a discussion of both the major and most questioned points of his methodology, continues with a consideration of the wider folkloristical framework of his interpretation, and ends with a suggestion for innovation and improvement of Fine's analytical framework for the interpretation of folk narratives.
Gary Alan Fine's most significant contribution to folklore studies was research of rumours and urban legends, including their meaning, function, and influence on indi­vidual behavior. In a series of papers, apart from offering an interpretation of various urban and corporate legends, he also demonstrated methods and means of connecting social and cultural factors with narrative content, in the context of social and eco­nomic structures and relations in post-industrial and late-capitalist global societies. Of special interest are papers in which he analyzes folklore as expressive culture and a form of symbolic communication between small groups, as an important form of self-identification and behavior strategies both from within and without of the group. Fine makes a point when he diagnoses a lack of analyses of this sort in American folklore studies, wishing there were enough to make a significant turn in contemporary folk­loristics. This is why Fine named his new research strategy the «third force». Another dimension of his contribution is the further elaboration of the analytical framework that relies on socio-structural, socio-psychological, symbolical and economical pa­rameters of explanation. For that purpose, he constructed a theoretical and meth­odogical model called the folklore diamond. With his suggestions and critique of the existing state of folklore studies, Gary Alan Fine provided a very significant contri­bution to the science of folklore in general.
Applying anthropology in the development of former colonies
Authors: Ribić Vladimir 
Published: June 2019

From the sixth to the eight decade of the twentieth century, horizontally integrated and sector approach intermingled, and the renewed interest for the influence of development on the poor in the second half of the seventies, brought about the larger than ever engagement of anthropologists in developmental projects. In the twenties “sustainable” became the credo for development, and for anthropologists, cultural ecologists and human rights representatives, sustainability meant the capability of the people to preserve and maintained their mode of life.
The usual stance is that developmental anthropology as a profession is constituted upon the general anthropology, and that one of its perspectives in relation to the development planning arises from the understanding of the process of birocratic decision making and the use of profound knowledge of cultures, institutions and historical trends in a particular country, as well as from the insights obtained from comparative studies of comparable institutions in other countries. The objective is to arrive to an unambiguous and anticipatory assessment of decisions-consequences relating to the distribution of resources, and the foremost trait of such perspective is the focus on, in a cultural pattern based, perceptions, goals, interests, strategies and organizations of the planned clients and members of other groups, including the elite and the administrators, whose cooperation is a precondition of change. On the other hand, anthropologists who reject such understandings of developmental anthropology, rebuff an occidental view of development as a historical necessity.
Sowing Dates have Different Effects on Spikelet Formation among Different Photoperiod‐Sensitive Rice Genotypes
Authors: Wang Yaliang , Wang Lei , Chen Huizhe , Xiang Jing , Zhang Yikai , Shi Qinghua , Zhu Defeng , Zhang Yuping 
Published: June 2019

The photoperiod sensitivity of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars plays an important role in rice growth and yield formation. To ascertain the different effects of sowing dates on spikelet formation for different photoperiod‐sensitive genotypes, 10 sowing dates were selected to assess differences in spikelet differentiation and degeneration for photoperiod‐sensitive cultivars yongyou 538 (YY538) and xiushui134 (XS134) and photoperiod‐insensitive cultivar chujing27 (CJ27). The yield of the cultivars differed significantly among different sowing dates and was primarily influenced by the spikelet number per panicle. With different sowing dates, shorter daylengths, and increasing temperatures significantly shortened the duration from sowing to heading for YY538 and XS134, while that of CJ27 was less changed and influenced by the average temperature. Rice growth duration was the primary factor limiting dry matter accumulation (DMA), which was correlated with the number of differentiated spikelets (NDS) and the proportion of degenerated spikelets (PGS) in photoperiod‐sensitive varieties. High temperature weather with a relatively large temperature gap and strong solar radiation promoted spikelet differentiation in all three cultivars. Extremely high and low temperatures aggravated spikelet degeneration, but YY538 and XS134 were not exposed to low temperatures because their duration of growth was shortened to a greater extent than that of CJ27 with late sowing dates. Under different sowing dates, the NDS and PGS were evaluated by partial least squares regression (PLSR) with DMA, rice growth duration, temperature, and solar radiation. These results provide a reference for sowing date adjustment with climate changes in different regions.Core Ideas

Rice yield with different sowing dates was determined by spikelet number.
Rice growth duration was the primary factor affecting dry matter accumulation.
High temperature and more dry weight increased spikelet differentiation.
Sowing photoperiod‐sensitive cultivars at a late date avoided chilling injury.
Spikelet formation can be predicted by partial least squares regression with sowing dates.
Effects of Ferrous Iron Toxicity on Agronomic, Physiological, and Quality Indices of Flue‐cured Tobacco
Authors: Li Yan , Ren Ke , Zou Congming , Xie Jiawei , He Xian , Chen Yi , Hu Binbin , Shen Junru , Hu Xiaodong , Chen Jie , Xia Zhenyuan , Wu Yuping , Jin Yan 
Published: June 2019

Ferrous iron (Fe2+) toxicity would cause flue‐cured tobacco (Nicotiana tobacum L.) leaf browning, leading to yield loss and low quality. To explore the mechanism of leaf browning by Fe2+, two flue‐cured tobacco varieties, Honghuadajinyuan (Hongda) and K326, were planted in pots with two different soil types. Ferrous iron with a concentration gradient of 0, 170, 340, 510, and 680 mg kg−1 soil were arranged. Three types of indicators—agronomic traits, physiological indices, and economic indices—of flue‐cured tobacco were investigated. With increasing concentration of applied Fe2+, indices including plant height, biomass and chlorophyll content of the two varieties decreased, while browning scale increased. Activities of enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), tricarboxylic acid, and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) first increased and then decreased. Relative electrical conductivity and malonaldehyde (MDA) content gradually increased with concentration of applied Fe2+. Peroxidase (POD) activity and MDA content of K326 increased with Fe2+ concentration. For Hongda, POD activity first increased and then decreased in sandy soil, while it continuously rose in red soil. The Fe2+ content in each part of plants increased with increasing Fe2+ concentration, while yield and average price decreased. This study demonstrated that applied concentration of Fe2+ in soils affected agronomic traits and economic traits of flue‐cured tobacco by adjusting activities of SOD, CAT, APX, POD enzymes and MDA content. Consequently, understanding of physio‐biochemical responses of tobacco under Fe2+ stress would be helpful to develop agronomic strategies to alleviate leaf browning and could be used as bio‐markers for Fe2+ tolerance in breeding as well.Core Ideas

Fe2+ affected tobacco traits via activities of SOD, CAT, APX, POD enzymes, and MDA content.
In two soils, ferrous ion stress caused reduced plant height, biomass, and chlorophyll contents.
Soil type, variety (K326 and Hongda), and iron concentration together affected browning scale.
Regarding oxidordeuctase activity, Hongda was suited to fine sand and K326 variety to red soil.
The varieties had similar leaf weight, average price, and yield; these indices declined with increased Fe2+.
Soybean Production under Continuous Potassium Fertilization in a Long‐Term No‐Till Oxisol
Authors: Antonangelo João A. , Firmano Ruan F. , Alleoni Luís R. F. , Oliveira Adilson , Zhang Hailin 
Published: June 2019

Potassium (K) is essential for soybean production but over use of K fertilizer negatively impact the environment and farming profit. Therefore, the optimum K recommendation needs to be verified, especially in pedo‐environmental contrasting regions and long‐term cultivated areas. We evaluated the effects of continuous annual K fertilization on plant‐available K by Mehlich‐1 (KM‐1) and ion exchange resin (Kresin), plant uptake (Ktissue) and the yields of two soybean cultivars (Glycine max L.) grown in an Oxisol under long‐term no‐till (NT). The treatments included four K rates (0, 40, 75, and 110 kg ha–1) with four replications. Kresin was highly correlated with KM‐1 (R2 = 0.94, p < 0.0001). Plant‐available K was linearly correlated with Ktissue (trifoliate leaflets) with r of 0.76 and 0.82 (p < 0.0001) for KM‐1 and Kresin, respectively. Maximum KM‐1 and Kresin that expressed the highest KTissue concentrations were in the ranges of 1.72 ± 0.26 to 2.36 ± 0.35 and 2.58 ± 0.22 to 3.11 ± 0.33 mmolc K dm–3, respectively. The Ca+Mg/K ratios in tissues decreased by increasing K application. Soybean yields increased from 1823 to 2611 kg ha–1 as the rates of annual‐K application increased from 0 to 40 kg ha–1. Additional K application did not further improve yields. For yields, the maximum responsive soil test K was 2.16 ± 0.58 mmolc K dm–3 for KM‐1 and 3.42 ± 0.91 mmolc K dm–3 for Kresin; while the maximum responsive Ktissue at R2 stage was 14.5 ± 0.98 to 18.1 ± 2.2 g K kg–1. Our results confirm that soil test for plant‐available K and plant tissue test are important to guide K fertilizer recommendations.Core Ideas

Plant available K extraction methods are compared.
Soil test K is an important tool to guide annual fertilization for optimum soybean yield.
K content in soybean trifoliate leaflets at R2 stage can serve as an indicator of K sufficiency levels.
Evaluating Management Implications of the New York Phosphorus Index with Farm Field Information
Authors: Ros Mart B. H. , Ketterings Quirine M. , Cela Sebastian , Czymmek Karl J. 
Published: June 2019

Phosphorus (P) loss from agricultural fields can contribute to water quality degradation. The current New York P index (NY‐PI) scores fields on the basis of P sources and field characteristics that reflect risk of P transport (a source × transport approach). Recently, a transport × best management practice (BMP) approach was proposed, which first scores fields using landscape‐driven transport factors and then offers various BMPs to reduce the score (i.e., risk of P transport). To analyze the score distribution of the current NY‐PI and the incentivizing potential of the proposed structure, a database of 33,327 agricultural fields in New York was assembled in collaboration with nutrient management planners and farmers. Under the current NY‐PI, no additional P could be applied to 2% of the fields, while for 3% the application rates should not exceed annual crop P removal. Flow distance (field to stream) was a major driver for NY‐PI scores. The current NY‐PI relies heavily on soil test P to assess runoff risk, allowing some low‐P fields to receive manure independent of transport risk. A scenario evaluation showed that the proposed NY‐PI limits P application on fields with high transport risk while simultaneously incentivizing adoption of BMPs in such areas. In the absence of farm‐level water quality data, a farm field database can help set P index coefficients and assess implications of a new P index. This study emphasizes the value of involving stakeholders in assessing nutrient management tools, as well as the importance of using an incentive‐driven approach for protecting water resources.Core Ideas
Phosphorus indices (PIs) rank farm fields by relative P loss risk.
Evaluation and revision of PIs is essential to improve P management over time.
Nutrient management planning in New York requires PI evaluation of each field.
Management implications of PIs can be analyzed with a database of fields.
Scenario analysis with field information can help set PI coefficients.
Impacts of Cover Crops and Crop Residues on Phosphorus Losses in Cold Climates: A Review
Authors: Liu Jian , Macrae Merrin L. , Elliott Jane A. , Baulch Helen M. , Wilson Henry F. , Kleinman Peter J.A. 
Published: June 2019

The use of cover crops and crop residues is a common strategy to mitigate sediment and nutrient losses from land to water. In cold climates, elevated dissolved P losses can occur associated with freeze–thaw of plant materials. Here, we review the impacts of cover crops and crop residues on dissolved P and total P loss in cold climates across ∼41 studies, exploring linkages between water‐extractable P (WEP) in plant materials and P loss in surface runoff and subsurface drainage. Water‐extractable P concentrations are influenced by plant type and freezing regimes. For example, WEP was greater in brassica cover crops than in non‐brassicas, and increased with repeated freeze–thaw cycles. However, total P losses in surface runoff and subsurface drainage from cropped fields under cold climates were much lower than plant WEP, owing to retention of 45 to >99% of released P by soil. In cold climatic regions, cover crops and crop residues generally prevented soil erosion and loss of particle‐bound P during nongrowing seasons in erodible landscapes but tended to elevate dissolved P loss in nonerodible soils. Their impact on total P loss was inconsistent across studies and complicated by soil, climate, and management factors. More research is needed to understand interactions between these factors and plant type that influence P loss, and to improve the assessment of crop contributions to P loss in field settings in cold climates. Further, tradeoffs between P loss and the control of sediment loss and N leaching by plants should be acknowledged.Core Ideas
Winter crop covers reduce soil erosion but may enhance dissolved P loss under cold climates.
In cold climates, freeze–thaw cycles increase dissolved P release from plants and soils.
Plant water‐extractable P varies with crop species, hardiness, and freeze regimes.
Phosphorus losses in runoff and leaching are complicated by soil, hydrology, and management.
Assessment of crop impacts on P loss should consider tradeoffs and future climates.
Steady Water Flow with Interacting Point Source–Point Sink–Water Table in a Cylindrical Soil Domain
Authors: Friedman Shmulik P. , Gamliel Alon 
Published: June 2019

Core Ideas
Simultaneous root water uptake from a surface emitter and from groundwater is evaluated.
The source–sink–water table problem is decoupled into source–sink and sink–water table problems.
Water uptake from the surface emitter is larger in the presence of a shallow water table.
Water uptake from a shallow water table is smaller if applying supplementary irrigation.
A previously derived analytical solution to the quasi‐linear form of the water flow equation is used to analyze (i) steady, coupled plant water uptake from a surface water emitter in a confined cylindrical soil domain with a non‐evaporating surface in the presence of a shallow water table, and (ii) water uptake from only the water table in the absence of a surface emitter. Illustrative examples serve to analyze and discuss water‐uptake rates of a subsurface, spherical, conceived root zone and the complex water‐flow patterns occurring in either natural fields with shallow groundwater or artificial lysimeters. The coupled source–sink–water table model is also used to illustrate the dependence of the contributions of surface emitter and water table to the overall water‐uptake rate on capillary length and hydraulic conductivity of the saturated soil, the depth of the water table and its prescribed pressure head, the depth and size of the root zone, and the radius of the confined cylinder, representing the effect of neighboring plants and emitters. The proposed methodology can be used to evaluate the effects of these factors on the potential utilization of shallow groundwater, as well as in cases with a supplementary drip irrigation system, and to support design decisions concerning the distance between emitters (and between plants) and the irrigation rates required to complement plant water uptake from groundwater.
Chemical Composition and Nutritional Analysis of Seeds Cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica.L)
Authors: Benattia Farah K. , Arrar Zoheir , Dergal Fayçal 
Published: June 2019

Background:The Prickly pear "Opuntia ficus-indica" is a xerophytic plant of the Cactaceae family, which represents a gold mine, can be exploited in several sectors.Objective:The present study describes and provides basic information on the physico-chemical properties, mineral and lipid compositions of the cactus seeds from Algeria (Relizane), in order to evaluate the nutritional value of the Opuntia extracts.Methods:The seed oil was extracted by soxhlet, and analyzed by GC-MS the physical properties were determined using standard methods of Association of Analytical Communities (AOAC).Results:The cactus powder and its seeds showed a content of 6.42% in lipids and 91.24% in ashes. Freshly extracted oil showed acid and peroxide values respectively 2.66 mg (KOH)g and 1.5Meq (O2)/Kg. Iodine and saponification values were 199.5 g (I2)/100 g and 181.44 mg (KOH)/g respectively. Main fatty acids identified by GC-MS were linoleic (C18:2), oleic (C18:1), palmitic (C16:0), palmitoleic (C16:1) and stearic (C18:0) acids with respective contents 60.23%, 13.35%, 14.20%, 1.05 and 3.12%. Mineral analysis revealed significant levels of calcium and potassium namely 72 and 3.50mg/100g respectively, and they contain no trace of the toxic compounds (lead and cadmium).Conclusion:The nopal fruit represents a very important nutritional value. This plant is far from being a simple cactus, it is a source of immense wealth.
Factors Predisposing to Hypertension in Subjects Formerly Born Preterm: Renal Impairment, Arterial Stiffness, Endothelial Dysfunction or Something Else?
Authors: Crisafulli Antonio , Bassareo Pier P. , Kelleher Sean , Calcaterra Giuseppe , Mercuro Giuseppe 
Published: June 2019

:
Subjects formerly born preterm subsequently develop arterial - particularly isolated systolic-
hypertension more frequently than their peers born at term.

:
Numerous factors may influence this predisposition, including an incomplete nephrogenesis, implying
the presence of kidneys with a reduced number of nephrons and consequent reduction in haematic
filtration, increased sodium absorption and activation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system,
increased arterial rigidity produced by an elastin deficiency previously observed in anatomic
specimens of human immature aorta, and reduced endothelial nitric oxide excretion, due to high
blood levels of ADMA, a strong direct inhibitor of nitric oxide that exerts a vasoconstrictor effect.

:
Other possible factors (i.e. excretion of neuroendocrine compounds) may also be implicated. The
aim of this paper was to review all possible mechanisms involved in the observed increase in blood
pressure in individuals who had been born preterm and/or with intrauterine growth restriction. The
outlook for new and promising laboratory techniques capable of identifying alterations in the metabolic
pathways regulating blood pressure levels, such as metabolomics, is also provided.