bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling and Hydraulic Characterization of a Filter-Press-Type Electrochemical Reactor by Using Residence Time Distribution Analysis and Hydraulic Indices
Authors: Regalado-Méndez Alejandro , Mentado-Morales Juan , Vázquez Carlos Estrada , Martínez-Villa Gerardo , Cordero Mario E. , Zárate Luis G. , Skogestad Sigurd , Peralta-Reyes Ever 
Published: April 2018

AbstractModeling and hydraulic characterization of a filter-press-type electrochemical reactor was studied by means of residence time distribution and hydraulic indices. For these purposes, a theoretical and approximation of residence time distribution experimental curves with axial dispersion model and Danckwerts’ boundary conditions, the Morrill dispersion index, the short-circuiting index, the Morrill volumetric efficiency index, and useful volume percent were used in order to establish deviation from plug-flow ideal, as well as dead volume, and the hydraulic efficiency. The hydraulic efficiency measure of the filter-press-type electrochemical reactor confirms uniformity of flow and a highly effective useful volume percent (91 %-98 % for all liquid flow rates tested). The axial dispersion coefficients computed (0.0005–0.0021 m2/s) indicates a small deviation of plug-flow ideal. Hence, the plug-flow reactor model is reliable for purpose modeling of the filter-press-type electrochemical reactor used in this research. Furthermore, hydrodynamic characterization of the tested filter-press-type electrochemical reactor by using hydraulic indices demonstrated its suitability for several electrochemical applications.
Promoting Effects of Ni for Toluene Catalytic Combustion Over CoNi/TiO2 Oxide Catalysts
Authors: Xie Hongmei , Xia Deping , Zhou Guilin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe supported CoNi/TiO2composite oxide catalysts were prepared by impregnation method. The physical and chemical properties of the prepared catalysts were studied by XRD, XPS and H2-TPR. The results show that the Co3O4, NiO and NiCo2O4species are formed in the CoNi/TiO2composite oxide catalysts. The interaction between the Co and Ni species can effectively enhance the properties of the CoNi/TiO2oxide catalysts. The introduction of Ni species can effectively enhance the surface hydroxyl oxygen species and adsorbed oxygen species content, and the Co3+species content can be enhanced on the surface of the prepared CoNi/TiO2composite oxide catalysts. The low temperature reducibility and toluene catalytic combustion activity of the CoNi/TiO2composite oxide catalysts can be improved by the Ni species. The toluene catalytic combustion activity of CoNi/TiO2composite catalysts can be obviously affected by the Co/Ni molar ratio. The CoNi/TiO2composite oxide catalyst, which has a Co/Ni molar ratio of 1.0, has the best toluene catalytic combustion activity and wide scope of the concentration of toluene. The toluene catalytic combustion conversion can exceed 99 % at 340 °C. That is to say, the toluene concentration in air can be decreased to 80 ppm from 8000 ppm.
Electrodermal response to auditory stimuli in relation to menopausal transition period
Authors: Kishan Ashwini , Marakur Nikitha , Moodithaya Shailaja , Mirajkar Amrit M. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Background:
Menopause-associated estrogen deficiency results in climacteric symptoms like vasomotor, psychological and sleep disturbances that cause a decline in the quality of life. Electrodermal activity (EDA), a psychophysiological measure, reflects sympathetic activity, which provides information associated with individual’s emotions, phobias, arousal, cognition and stress. The study compared electrodermal response to auditory stimuli between postmenopausal and perimenopausal women with and without symptoms and also correlated the association of scores of the menopausal transition symptoms with indices of EDA.

Methods:
Seventy-five women volunteers in the age group of 45–60 years, 25 in each group who were postmenopausal, perimenopausal with symptoms and perimenopausal without symptoms, were recruited. Indices of EDA such as latency, amplitude, rise time and half recovery time for auditory stimuli were quantified using standard techniques. Symptoms of menopausal transition were assessed using Women Health Questionnaire.

Results:
Analysis using one-way analysis of covariance after controlling for variables showed that mean skin conductance level of EDA was significantly higher among perimenopausal women with symptoms compared with perimenopausal women without symptoms and postmenopausal women. Perimenopausal women with symptoms had significantly lower latency of response when compared with other groups. Analysis using Pearson correlation test showed that latency of EDA had significant positive correlation and amplitude had significant negative correlation with menopausal transition symptom scores.

Conclusions:
Perimenopausal women with symptoms exhibited increased sympathetic sudomotor activity when compared with perimenopausal women without symptoms and postmenopausal women as measured by EDA. Further, select measures of EDA exhibited significant association with the symptoms of menopausal transition.
Regulation of hypoxia inducible factor/prolyl hydroxylase binding domain proteins 1 by PPARα and high salt diet
Authors: Ozurumba Ezinne , Mathew Omana , Ranganna Katsuri , Choi Myung , Oyekan Adebayo 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Background:
Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)/prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD)-containing proteins are involved in renal adaptive response to high salt (HS). Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARα), a transcription factor involved in fatty acid oxidation is implicated in the regulation of renal function. As both HIF-1α/PHD and PPARα contribute to the adaptive changes to altered oxygen tension, this study tested the hypothesis that PHD-induced renal adaptive response to HS is PPARα-dependent.

Methods:
PPARα wild type (WT) and knock out (KO) mice were fed a low salt (LS) (0.03% NaCl) or a HS (8% NaCl) diet for 8 days and treated with hydralazine. PPARα and heme oxygenase (HO)-1 expression were evaluated in the kidney cortex and medulla. A 24-h urinary volume (UV), sodium excretion (UNaV), and nitrite excretion (UNOx
V) were also determined.

Results:
PHD1 expression was greater in the medulla as compared to the cortex of PPARα WT mice (p<0.05) fed with a LS (0.03% NaCl) diet. The HS diet (8% NaCl) downregulated PHD1 expression in the medulla (p<0.05) but not the cortex of WT mice whereas expression was downregulated in the cortex (p<0.05) and medulla (p<0.05) of KO mice. These changes were accompanied by HS-induced diuresis (p<0.05) and natriuresis (p<0.05) that were greater in WT mice (p<0.05). Similarly, UNOx
V, index of renal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity or availability and heme oxygenase (HO)-1 expression was greater in WT (p<0.05) but unchanged in KO mice on HS diet. Hydralazine, a PHD inhibitor, did not affect diuresis or natriuresis in LS diet-fed WT or KO mice but both were increased (p<0.05) in HS diet-fed WT mice. Hydralazine also increased UNOx
V (p<0.05) with no change in diuresis, natriuresis, or HO-1 expression in KO mice on HS diet.

Conclusions:
These data suggest that HS-induced PPARα-mediated downregulation of PHD1 is a novel pathway for PHD/HIF-1α transcriptional regulation for adaptive responses to promote renal function via downstream signaling involving NOS and HO.
What is Gained from Past Learning
Authors: Pearl Judea 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
We consider ways of enabling systems to apply previously learned information to novel situations so as to minimize the need for retraining. We show that theoretical limitations exist on the amount of information that can be transported from previous learning, and that robustness to changing environments depends on a delicate balance between the relations to be learned and the causal structure of the underlying model. We demonstrate by examples how this robustness can be quantified.
On Comprehensively Intermediate Measures of Inequality and Poverty, with an Illustrative Application to Global Data
Authors: Subramanian S. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe dominant convention in the measurement of inequality and poverty is to employ scale-invariant and replication-invariant measures, that is, measures that are thoroughgoingly relative. This is a routine feature of both the theoretical and applied literature in the area, despite weighty arguments that have been advanced by certain practitioners in favor of centrist measures which avoid the “extreme” values of both income-relative and income-absolute measures. The present paper extends these arguments in favor of measures which arebothincome-centrist and population centrist. A comprehensively centrist Gini coefficient of inequality is proposed, and likewise a comprehensively centrist class of poverty measures which are counterparts of the well-known Foster-Greer Thorbecke class of relative poverty measures. It is suggested that our diagnosis of the problems of inequality and poverty is likely to be a profoundly variable function of the precise types of inequality and poverty measures we employ in order to assess the magnitudes and trends of the phenomenon.
Deficiency and commensurators
Authors: Hillman Jonathan A. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
We show that if π is the fundamental group of a 4-dimensional
infrasolvmanifold then

-
2

≤

def
⁢

(
π
)

≤
0

{-2\leq\mathrm{def}(\pi)\leq 0}

,
and give examples realizing each value allowed by our constraints,
for each possible value of the rank of

π
/

π
′

{\pi/\pi^{\prime}}

.
We also consider the abstract commensurators of such groups.
Finally, we show that if G is a finitely generated group, the kernel
of the natural homomorphism from G to its abstract commensurator

Comm
⁢

(
G
)

{\mathrm{Comm}(G)}

is locally nilpotent by locally finite,
and is finite if

def
⁢

(
G
)

>
1

{\mathrm{def}(G)>1}

.
From Finite Time to Finite Physical Dimensions Thermodynamics: The Carnot Engine and Onsager’s Relations Revisited
Authors: Feidt Michel , Costea Monica 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Many works have been devoted to finite time thermodynamics since the Curzon and Ahlborn [1] contribution, which is generally considered as its origin. Nevertheless, previous works in this domain have been revealed [2], [3], and recently, results of the attempt to correlate Finite Time Thermodynamics with Linear Irreversible Thermodynamics according to Onsager’s theory were reported [4].
The aim of the present paper is to extend and improve the approach relative to thermodynamic optimization of generic objective functions of a Carnot engine with linear response regime presented in [4]. The case study of the Carnot engine is revisited within the steady state hypothesis, when non-adiabaticity of the system is considered, and heat loss is accounted for by an overall heat leak between the engine heat reservoirs.
The optimization is focused on the main objective functions connected to engineering conditions, namely maximum efficiency or power output, except the one relative to entropy that is more fundamental.
Results given in reference [4] relative to the maximum power output and minimum entropy production as objective function are reconsidered and clarified, and the change from finite time to finite physical dimension was shown to be done by the heat flow rate at the source.
Our modeling has led to new results of the Carnot engine optimization and proved that the primary interest for an engineer is mainly connected to what we called Finite Physical Dimensions Optimal Thermodynamics.
A contraction property of an adaptive divergence-conforming discontinuous Galerkin method for the Stokes problem
Authors: Sharma Natasha , Kanschat Guido 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
We prove the contraction property for two successive loops of the adaptive algorithm for the Stokes problem reducing the error of the velocity. The problem is discretized by a divergence-conforming discontinuous Galerkin method which separates pressure and velocity approximation due to its cochain property. This allows us to establish the quasi-orthogonality property which is crucial for the proof of the contraction. We also establish the quasi-optimal complexity of the adaptive algorithm in terms of the degrees of freedom.
Transmission Performance of 112 Gb/s POLMUX QPSK Signal in OOK/DPSK WDM System
Authors: Sandhu Harmanpreet Kaur , Kaler R.S , Kaur Gurpreet , Randhawa Rajneesh 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this article, the impact of cross-phase modulation (XPM) and cross-polarization modulation (XpolM) on transmission of 112 Gb/s polarization multiplexed quadrature phase shift keying (POLMUX QPSK) signal in a wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) system has been investigated. This WDM system comprises of on-off keying (OOK) or differential phase shift keying (DPSK) channels. It is observed that the effects of XPM and XpolM are greatly reduced in a hybrid system of co-propagating OOK and DPSK channels. This is due to the dominance of phase modulation of DPSK signals rather than the intensity modulated OOK signals. The error vector magnitude (EVM) of the received optical signal is evaluated for the increase in number of neighbouring OOK and DPSK channels respectively within a bandwidth of 350 GHz. Also, the effect of increase in bit rate for two neighbouring OOK and DPSK channels has been observed individually on the 112 Gb/s POLMUX QPSK signal. It is concluded that DPSK signals display an improvement of −9.44 dB in EVM over OOK signals when there are eight neighbouring channels in the transmission system.
Performance Evaluation of DPSK System with Different Combination of Hybrid Optical Amplifiers by Using Equal and Unequal Channel Spacing
Authors: Singh Manveer , Dewra Sanjeev 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis article investigates the performance of differential phase shift key system with different hybrid optical amplifiers with equal and unequal channel spacing. The differential phase shift key signals are transmitted with equal channel spacing of 0.1 THz and unequal channel spacing of 0.05, 0.075, 0.1 and 0.15 THz at 96×20 Gbps bit rate. The maximum transmission distance of 230 km is achieved with unequal channel spacing. It is observed that the interference between adjacent channels decreases due to unequal channel spacing and gives better results than equal channel spacing in terms of bit error rate and quality factor. It is found that the maximum distance of 220 km is achieved with equal channel spacing using Raman-erbium-doped fiber amplifier hybrid amplifier.
Companding Schemes for Reducing PAPR in OFDM System: A Review
Authors: Goel Ashish , Mathur Prateek 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHigh PAPR poses a large hindrance to high data rate Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) signals. A companding transform converts the Probability distribution function (PDF) of the transmitted OFDM signal in a way which reduces the Peak-to-average power-ratio (PAPR). In this paper, we have performed the study of companding techniques and analyzes the PAPR and BER performances of these schemes. Here, we have considered μ-law companding, exponential companding, trapezoidal companding (TC) and trigonal companding for comparison. In this paper, we have demonstrated that μ-law companding, exponential companding and trigonal companding schemes have no adaptability in designing the companding function, and along these lines an exchange off between BER performance and PAPR reduction ability is unrealistic to accomplish. However, TC scheme has two parameters (a and b) to design the companding function and hence a trade-off between PAPR reduction capability and BER performance is possible to achieve. BER performance and PAPR reduction capabilities of the scheme under consideration are evaluated and compared through computer simulations. We have also presented an approach to obtain the minimum BER and PAPR of TC and found out the values of design parameters (a and b) for which TC scheme has minimum BER and PAPR.
Prediction of First Higher Order Modal Field for Graded Index Fiber in Presence of Kerr Nonlinearity
Authors: Chakraborty Subhalaxmi , Mandal Chintan Kumar , Gangopadhyay Sankar 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe report evaluation of first higher order modal field for dual mode optical fiber having step and parabolic index profiles. The study is carried out both in absence as well as in presence of Kerr nonlinearity. The analysis is based on a simple iterative method involving Chebyshev formalism. Taking some typical step- and parabolic-index fibers as examples, we show that our results agree excellently with the exact results which can be obtained by applying rigorous methods. Thus, our simple formalism stands the merit of being considered as an accurate alternative to the existing cumbersome methods. The prescribed formalism provides scope for accurate estimation of different propagation parameters associated with first higher order mode in such kinds of fibers in presence of Kerr nonlinearity. The execution of formalism being user friendly, it will be beneficial to the system engineers working in the field of optical technology.
Low Input Power an All Optical 4 × 2 Encoder based on Triangular Lattice Shape Photonic Crystal
Authors: Naghizade S. , Khoshsima H. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAn all optical encoder based triangular lattice shape photonic crystal (PC) is proposed. The device is composed of two ring resonator waveguides and two OR gate with four input ports waveguides and two output ports waveguides in triangular lattice shape PC. The band diagram of base PC structure calculated by plane wave expansion (PWE) method. Also, transmission and distribution of electrical field behaviors of the proposed device are verified by two dimensional finite difference time domain (2D-FDTD) method. The proposed 4 × 2 encoder can operate at third communication window range, considering definitions of logic 0 and 1 being the normalized transmission as less than 3% and greater than 95% respectively. Despite the nonlinear encoders, in our case, due to the non-use of non-linear effects such as Kerr effect, low input power required for encoder.
Cord blood klotho levels are inversely associated with leptin in healthy Latino neonates at risk for obesity
Authors: Wojcicki Janet M. , Prather Aric A. , Epel Elissa , Wang Dan , Dubal Dena B. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Background:
Klotho serum levels reflect nutritional state in adults including obesity and anorexia. The relationship between cord blood klotho levels at birth and parameters of growth including anthropometrics are not known.

Methods:
We evaluated the relationship between cord blood klotho, leptin and adipocyte hormones and infant, child and maternal anthropometrics and maternal depression in a cohort of 73 children. Non-parametric tests were used to assess differences between dichotomous and categorical predictors and klotho levels and Spearman’s rank coefficients were used to assess the relationship between klotho levels and continuous predictors. A multivariable log transformed linear regression model was used to test for independent predictors of serum klotho levels.

Results:
Mean klotho levels were 2864.9±1409.7 (pg/mL) in cord blood and we found no relationship with infant sex, delivery specifics including gestational age or anthropometrics at birth. There was similarly no association between klotho levels at birth and future obesity at age 2. Leptin levels at birth were inversely associated with klotho levels in multivariable models after adjusting for other covariates (p<0.01). Similarly, in multivariable models insulin levels were inversely correlated with klotho levels (p=0.03). Leptin levels in our cohort of at-risk infants were more than 50% higher than other studies with neonates.

Conclusions:
We found no associations between weight or length at birth or obesity in early childhood and cord blood klotho levels. Cord blood klotho levels were inversely correlated with leptin and insulin levels at birth and should be further investigated to better understand the inter-relationship between this hormone and key regulators of growth and adiposity.
Review and evaluation of patient-centered psychosocial assessments for children with central precocious puberty or early puberty
Authors: Williams Valerie S.L. , Soliman Ahmed M. , Barrett Amy M. , Klein Karen O. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the current use of patient-centered psychosocial assessments for the evaluation of children with central precocious puberty (CPP). Studies evaluating the psychosocial impact of CPP were identified through searches of the PubMed and Cochrane Library databases, ClinicalTrials.gov, a drug prescribing information database, and regulatory websites. Studies were screened using prespecified inclusion and exclusion criteria. Potentially relevant patient-centered outcome assessments (including patient-, parent- or observer-reported measures) used in the identified studies were evaluated in detail for their relevance in CPP. Of the 467 studies identified, 15 met the inclusion criteria. Frequently assessed concepts included depression and anxiety, behavior and behavioral problems, body image and self-esteem and personality type/characteristics. Among the assessments used in the identified studies, the Child Behavior Checklist, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL), SF-10 for Children and Child Health Questionnaire were comprehensively evaluated. The PedsQL showed promise as a patient-centered outcome measure in CPP. Although there is a lack of validated tools measuring psychosocial health and health-related quality of life in patients with CPP, the PedsQL captures issues seen in this patient population and is relatively easy to administer. Further studies using this and other tools in children with CPP are needed.
Pleasure and Purpose in Kant’s Theory of Taste
Authors: Rueger Alexander 
Published: April 2018

Abstract:
In the Critique of Judgment Kant repeatedly points out that it is only the pleasure of taste that reveals to us the need to introduce a third faculty of the mind with its own a priori principle. In order to elucidate this claim I discuss two general principles about pleasure that Kant presents, the transcendental definition of pleasure from § 10 and the principle from the Introduction that connects pleasure with the achievement of an aim. Precursors of these principles had been employed by Kant and others in empirical psychology. But how can such principles of empirical psychology be transferred to transcendental philosophy? I suggest that Kant accomplishes this by deriving the connection of pleasure with achievement of an aim from the transcendental definition and the assumption that faculties have interests. I finally reconstruct § 11 as a ‘regressive argument’ from the peculiarities of the pleasure of taste to the need to acknowledge a new faculty.
Descartes’s Legacy in Kant’s Notions of Physical Influx and Space-Filling: True Estimation
and
Physical Monadology
Authors: Ferrini Cinzia 
Published: April 2018

Abstract:
This paper examines Kant’s pre-Critical distinction between the capacity of an immaterial simple substance to occupy space by having a spatial location and the sphere of its activity, in contrast to the power of material compound bodies to fill space by their extension and solidity. I highlight some important features of Descartes’ metaphysical and physical models of the contingent locality of simple unextended substances and challenge the recently articulated view that Henry More’s model of extended but metaphysically indivisible spirits is an archetype for, or at least a precursor to, Kant’s dynamic monads. I claim that, contra More and the Newtonians, Kant is indebted to Descartes for this idea of how simple substances take up space and can be extended in an ‘analogous’ way by means of the effects of their activity.