bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of Lyman-α radiative transfer on large-scale clustering in the Illustris simulation
Authors: Behrens C. , Byrohl C. , Saito S. , Niemeyer J. C. 
Published: February 2018

Context. Lyman-α emitters (LAEs) are a promising probe of the large-scale structure at high redshift, z ≳ 2. In particular, the Hobby-Eberly Telescope Dark Energy Experiment aims at observing LAEs at 1.9 < z < 3.5 to measure the baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) scale and the redshift-space distortion (RSD). However, it has been pointed out that the complicated radiative transfer (RT) of the resonant Lyman-α emission line generates an anisotropic selection bias in the LAE clustering on large scales, s ≳ 10 Mpc. This effect could potentially induce a systematic error in the BAO and RSD measurements. Also, there exists a recent claim to have observational evidence of the effect in the Lyman-α intensity map, albeit statistically insignificant.
Aims. We aim at quantifying the impact of the Lyman-α RT on the large-scale galaxy clustering in detail. For this purpose, we study the correlations between the large-scale environment and the ratio of an apparent Lyman-α luminosity to an intrinsic one, which we call the “observed fraction”, at 2 < z < 6.
Methods. We apply our Lyman-α RT code by post-processing the full Illustris simulations. We simply assume that the intrinsic luminosity of the Lyman-α emission is proportional to the star formation rate of galaxies in Illustris, yielding a sufficiently large sample of LAEs to measure the anisotropic selection bias.
Results. We find little correlation between large-scale environment and the observed fraction induced by the RT, and hence a smaller anisotropic selection bias than has previously been claimed. We argue that the anisotropy was overestimated in previous work due to insufficient spatial resolution; it is important to keep the resolution such that it resolves the high-density region down to the scale of the interstellar medium, that is, ~1 physical kpc. We also find that the correlation can be further enhanced by assumptions in modeling intrinsic Lyman-α emission.
Assessment of Function after Free Tissue Transfer to the Lower Extremity for Chronic Wounds Using the Lower Extremity Functional Scale
Authors: Falola Reuben , Lakhiani Chrisovalantis , Green Jocelyn , Patil Siya , Jackson Brandon , Bratescu Rachel , Anghel Ersilia , Steinberg John , Kim Paul , Attinger Christopher , Evans Karen 
Published: February 2018

Background Free tissue transfer is one option for preservation of form and function in the native limb, in the setting of soft tissue paucity. However, the data on patient functionality after microvascular intervention is inconsistently reported. The Lower Extremity Function Scale (LEFS) measures patient-reported difficulty in carrying out 20 physical activities, on a Likert scale, the sum of which correlates with descriptive functional stages of 1–5. We assess limb functionality in this cohort of microvascular patients using the LEFS survey.
Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted at a single academic medical center of 101 consecutive free flaps, from 2011 to 2016. Of the flaps that met inclusion criteria, 39 had completed LEFS surveys. Mean LEFS scores were calculated, and the effects of risk factors such as diabetes, age, and smoking status were analyzed.
Results The mean LEFS score after free tissue transfer was 50.3 (SD ± 21.1), with a mean follow up survey time of 3.0 years (SD ± 1.3). The score correlated with Stage 4 function, or "independent community ambulation,” and age was the only demographic factor associated with decreased functionality in this group. This is compared with mean LEFS score of 43.1 (SD ± 18.4) in cohort of 55 below knee amputations (BKAs), and 38.3 (SD ± 14.9) in 28 above knee amputations (AKAs), both correlating with Stage 3 function: “limited community ambulation.”
Conclusions Functional outcomes scores such as the LEFS demonstrate that patients can obtain an adequate level of functionality for independent community activity after free tissue transfer, although functional improvement diminishes with age.
Expanded Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Resection of Tuberculum Sella Meningioma Invading the Optic Canal
Authors: Klironomos Georgios , Bruni Margherita , Dehdashti Amir 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA 61-year-old male patient presented with recurrent malignant meningioma involving the left optic canal and decreased vision from the left eye. The patient had undergone orbital exenteration on the right 2 years ago. The decision to treat the patient was made based on the significant vision deterioration and rapid tumor growth. Endoscopic transsphenoidal approach considered the most suitable route due to the inferomedial invasion of the optic canal. Gross total removal was achieved and the patient's vision improved postoperatively. The patient developed hydrocephalus 4 weeks postoperatively and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement corrected both hydrocephalus and CSF leak.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/2cOF0pf5gAk.
Surgery of Tuberculum Sellae Meningioma: A Technical Purview on Pterional Approach
Authors: Nanda Anil , Patra Devi , Savardekar Amey , Mohammed Nasser , Narayan Vinayak , Bir Shyamal 
Published: February 2018

Objective Amidst the raging debate between transnasal and transcranial approaches, the critical factor that dictates success lies in the meticulous dissection of the tumor from the optic apparatus, anterior communicating artery complex, and the pituitary stalk. In this surgical video, we describe the resection of a tuberculum sellae meningioma through the pterional approach highlighting dissection through the appropriate arachnoidal plane.
Case Description The patient is a 75-year-old female who presented with optic nerve compression with bitemporal hemianopia and endocrine function abnormalities. A transcranial approach was done to effectively decompress the optic nerve. The video includes a detailed discussion on the surgical techniques including working between the different surgical corridors, working in the arachnoid plane to dissect the neurovascular structures away from the tumor, identification, and preservation of pituitary stalk. Postoperatively, the patient's visual field deficit improved with a remaining isolated right temporal field defect at 2 months follow-up. Her endocrine function improved after the surgery.
Conclusion In the era of endoscopic surgery, transcranial approaches for suprasellar tumors like tuberculum sellae meningiomas still have a distinct surgical role. Our discussion extends to reiterate the strengths and weaknesses of the transcranial approach to this region as compared with the endoscopic approach. We believe decompression of optic nerves, separation of Acom complex from the tumor, and preservation of pituitary stalk are better achieved through a transcranial approach.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/kw5eP3oUd6Q.
Gross Total Resection of Chordoid Glioma of the Third Ventricle via Anterior Interhemispheric Transcallosal Transforaminal Approach at Two Stages
Authors: Dogan Ihsan , Ucer Melih , Başkaya Mustafa 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSuprasellar tumors in particular tumors located in the retrochiasmatic area and anterior third ventricle are challenging cases in terms of optimal surgical exposure. Several approaches have been described including transsylvian, translamina terminalis, endoscopic endonasal, and anterior interhemispheric. Each approach has advantages and disadvantages. In this video, we present a case of retrochiasmatic anterior third ventricular tumor that was operated via anterior interhemispheric transcallosal transforaminal approach. The patient is a 42-year-old female who presented with sudden onset of severe headache and depressed level of consciousness. Computed tomography (CT) scan of the head showed a hemorrhage in the third ventricle and suprasellar cisterns. CT angiogram and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed diagnosis of hemorrhagic mass lesion in the third ventricle. Upon further questioning of her family, we found out that she was having excessive urination and short-term memory problems for last 2 weeks. First, ventriculostomy was placed for obstructive hydrocephalus. She then underwent surgical resection via anterior interhemispheric transcallosal transforaminal approach. Foramen of Monro was enlarged by performing transchoroidal dissection. Using transforaminal route, tumor was resected. Due to the narrow surgical corridor and high vascularity of the tumor, decision was made to come back at a second stage. Using same surgical approach, in the second stage, gross total resection was performed. Postoperative MRI confirmed gross total resection. Histopathology was chordoid glioma of the third ventricle. She made excellent recovery with persistent diabetes insipidus. Currently, she is completing radiation therapy. In this video, we demonstrate techniques and pitfalls of anterior interhemispheric transcallosal approach to anterior third ventricular tumor.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/CI5c6Zup8sY.
Effect of Routine, Screening Head Ultrasounds on Clinical Interventions for Premature Infants
Authors: Heling Andrew , Laughon Matthew , Price Wayne 
Published: February 2018

Objective This article assesses whether routine, screening head ultrasound (HUS) studies performed at 7 to 14 postnatal days for premature infants are followed by clinical interventions.
Study Design This retrospective cohort study included all inborn infants delivered at < 30 weeks' gestational age (GA) between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2015 at a single center who had a routine, screening HUS performed between 7 and 14 postnatal days (n = 303). We defined “clinical intervention” as a 7 to 14 postnatal day HUS that was followed by neurosurgical intervention prior to a 36- to 40-week postmenstrual age (PMA) HUS or elective withdrawal of critical care within 30 days of a positive HUS finding.
Results Four infants (1.3%) had neurosurgical intervention prior to a 36- to 40-week PMA HUS; all four had a diagnostic HUS performed prior to postnatal day 7 to assess for an intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) due to clinical instability. No infant had critical care electively withdrawn following a 7 to 14 postnatal day HUS.
Conclusion Clinical intervention rarely followed routine, screening HUS studies performed at 7 to 14 postnatal days for inborn infants delivered at < 30 weeks' GA. In no case did clinical intervention related to HUS results occur when a 7 to 14 postnatal day HUS was the initial HUS performed.
The Modified Dunn Osteotomy for SCFE: Clinical and Radiographical Results at 3 Years Follow-Up
Authors: Eberhardt Oliver , Wirth Thomas , Surace Michele , Fernandez Francisco , Guindani Nicola 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe modified Dunn osteotomy (MDO) gained popularity for the treatment of moderate-to-severe SCFE over the past years, even though both indications and outcomes are currently debated. The aim of this study is to evaluate results and complications of MDO consecutively performed at a single institution for severe slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) (slip angle ≥ 60°). In this retrospective clinical study, 23 hips (22 patients) were treated with MDO (2009–2015). SCFE was classified according to stability, slip angle, and as chronic/acute. Clinical assessment was performed with clinical examination and nonarthritic hip score (NAHS), modified Harris hip score (mHHS), and short form 12 (SF-12) outcome scores. Residual deformity, avascular necrosis (AVN), and osteoarthrosis (OA) were measured on plain radiographs. The mean slip angle was 70° (range 60–90); 17 of 23(74%) patients had a chronic SCFE, 6 of 23(26%) had acute-on-chronic SCFE, and 1 of 23(4%) had an unstable SCFE. The mean age at surgery was 14 years (range 11–17). At 3 years follow-up (range 1–7), 4 of 23(17%) patients had an AVN or AVN progression, one of these needing a hip arthroplasty. All the cases of AVN or AVN progression were diagnosed within the first year after surgery and there was an association between AVN and operation date (with more AVN among patients operated earlier). Out of 23 patients, 2 (9%) had an implant mobilization or failure and needed a revision surgery without further complications, 1 (4%) developed an asymptomatic heterotopic calcification, and another a partial implant removal without clinical consequence. At follow-up, the slip angle was 9° (range 1–15) and outcome scores were improved. MDO is a demanding technique which allows a near anatomical correction of SCFE and the overall complication rate is not negligible. With actual data, the authors only recommend this procedure for specialized centers, performed by experienced high-volume surgeons, and for severe displaced SCFE (≥50°). The long-term results must be closely monitored and compared with the natural history and other treatment options. This study was a Level IV retrospective study in a case series.
Impact of Multidrug Resistance Protein-4 Inhibitors on Modulating Platelet Function and High on-Aspirin Treatment Platelet Reactivity
Authors: Alemanno Laura , Massimi Isabella , Klaus Vanessa , Guarino Maria , Maltese Teresa , Frati Luigi , Angiolillo Dominick , Pulcinelli Fabio 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPlatelet multidrug resistance protein 4 (MRP4) plays a modulating role on platelet activation. Platelet function and thrombus formation are impaired in MRP4 knockout mice models, and, among aspirin-treated patients, high on-aspirin residual platelet reactivity (HARPR) positively correlates with MRP4 levels. To better understand the effects of MRP4 on platelet function, the aim of this investigation was to assess the impact of cilostazol-induced inhibition of MRP4-mediated transport and assess aspirin-induced antiplatelet effects and rates of HARPR in human subjects.Cilostazol-dependent inhibition of MRP4-mediated transport was assessed with the release of the fluorescent adduct bimane-glutathione and aspirin entrapment. Effect of Cilostazol on cAMP inhibition was evaluated by vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP). Platelet function was studied by collagen and TRAP-6-induced platelet aggregation and secretion.Cilostazol reduced the release of bimane-glutathione and enhanced aspirin entrapment demonstrating an inhibitory effect on MRP4 in platelets. VASP phosphorylation was absent until 10 seconds after addition of cilostazol, and becomes evident after 30 seconds. An inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation and secretion was found in activated platelets, with threshold concentration of agonists, 10 seconds after addition of cilostazol, supporting a role of MRP4 on platelet function that is cAMP independent. Cilostazol effects were also shown in aspirin-treated platelets. A reduction of platelet aggregation and secretion were observed in aspirin-treated patients with HARPR.This study supports the role of MRP4 on modulating platelet function which occurs through cAMP-independent mechanisms. Moreover, inhibition of MRP4 induced by cilostazol enhances aspirin-induced antiplatelet effects and reduces HARPR.
Kostenvergleich zugelassener intravitrealer Therapien bei nicht ausreichend auf primäre Therapie ansprechendem diabetischem Makulaödem mit fovealer Beteiligung in Deutschland
Authors: Neubauer Aljoscha , Haritoglou Christos , Ulbig Michael 
Published: February 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Bei der Behandlung eines diabetischen Makulaödems mit fovealer Beteiligung kann es trotz intensiver und konsequenter initialer Therapie mit einem Anti-VEGF-Medikament zu einem unzureichenden Ansprechen kommen. Für eine weitere Therapie stehen derzeit ein Wechsel des Anti-VEGF-Präparates oder die intravitreale Gabe der Steroidimplantate Fluocinolonacetonid oder Dexamethason zur Verfügung. Es soll zum einen systematisch untersucht werden, welche Studiendaten evidenzbasiert zur Wirksamkeit einer zugelassenen Therapie nach vorangegangener Anti-VEGF-Therapie vorliegen, und zum anderen, welche Ausgaben für die Krankenversicherungen mit einer weiteren intravitrealen Therapie verbunden sind.
Material und Methoden Es erfolgte eine systematische Literatursuche (SLR) zu randomisierten, kontrollierten Studien (RCT) in Medline und Embase. Ein Kurzzeitkostenmodell in MS Excel mit 3 Jahren Zeithorizont wurde erstellt, um die zugelassenen Optionen Ranibizumab (Lucentis®), Aflibercept (Eylea®), Fluocinolonacetonid-Implantat (Iluvien®) und Dexamethason-Implantat (Ozurdex®) zu vergleichen. Kostenkomponenten sind Arzneimittel- und Injektionskosten, optische Kohärenztomografie (OCT) und unerwünschte Ereignisse wie Endophthalmitis, den Augeninnendruck senkende Medikation bzw. Eingriffe oder Kataraktoperationen.
Ergebnisse Es wurden 42 Publikationen zu 20 RCTs identifiziert, wobei keine eine Population nach vorangegangener Anti-VEGF-Therapie hatte, sodass kein direkter Vergleich der Wirksamkeit möglich war. Im Kostenmodell ergaben sich Kosten von 17 542 € für Ranibizumab, 15 896 € für Aflibercept, 10 826 € für das Fluocinolonacetonid-Implantat und 12 365 € für das Dexamethason-Implantat. Bei allen Therapien sind die Medikamentenkosten die bestimmende Kostenkomponente. In der uni- und multivariaten Sensitivitätsanalyse zeigten sich die Ergebnisse als robust gegen Veränderungen des Inputs.
Schlussfolgerung Zusammenfassend konnte in einem Kostenvergleichsmodell über 3 Jahre gezeigt werden, dass die Steroidimplantate in der Therapie des diabetischen Makulaödems nach vorangegangener Anti-VEGF-Gabe erhebliche Kosteneinsparungen im Vergleich zu einer weiteren In-Label-Anti-VEGF-Therapie liefern können. Dabei stellt eine einmalige Gabe des Steroidimplantats Fluocinolonacetonid die kostengünstigste zulassungskonforme Alternative dar.
The real and the quasi-real: problems of distinction
Authors: Dreier Jamie 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis paper surveys some ways of distinguishing Quasi-Realism in metaethics (and I hope also in other areas) from Non-naturalist Realism, including ‘Explanationist’ methods of distinguishing, which characterize the Real by its explanatory role, and Inferentialist methods. Rather than seeking the One True Distinction, the paper adopts an irenic and pragmatist perspective, allowing that different ways of drawing the line are best for different purposes.
Immunomodulation by food: impact on gut immunity and immune cell function
Authors: Hachimura Satoshi , Totsuka Mamoru , Hosono Akira 
Published: February 2018

AbstractRecent studies have revealed that various food components affect the immune response. These components act on various immune cells, and their effects are mediated through the intestinal immune system and, in some cases, the intestinal microbiota. In this review, we describe the immunomodulating effects of various food components, including probiotics, prebiotics, polysaccharides, vitamins, minerals, fatty acids, peptides, amino acids and polyphenols. Some of these components enhance immune responses, leading to host defense against infection, whereas others inhibit immune responses, thus suppressing allergy and inflammation.
Lack of cool, not warm, extremes distinguishes late 20th Century climate in 979-year Tasmanian summer temperature reconstruction
Authors: Allen K J , Cook E R , Evans R , Francey R , Buckley B M , Palmer J G , Peterson M J , Baker P J 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Very few annually resolved millennial-length temperature reconstructions exist for the Southern Hemisphere. Here we present four 979-year reconstructions for southeastern Australia for the austral summer months of December–February. Two of the reconstructions are based on the Australian Water Availability Project dataset and two on the Berkeley Earth Surface Temperature dataset. For each climate data set, one reconstruction is based solely on Lagarostrobos franklinii (restricted reconstructions) while the other is based on multiple Tasmanian conifer species (unrestricted reconstructions). Each reconstruction calibrates ~50−60% of the variance in the temperature datasets depending on the number of tree-ring records available for the reconstruction. We found little difference in the temporal variability of the reconstructions, although extremes are amplified in the restricted reconstructions relative to the unrestricted reconstructions. The reconstructions highlight the occurrence of numerous individual years, especially in the 15th−17th Centuries, for which temperatures were comparable with those of the late 20th Century. The 1950−1999 period, however, stands out as the warmest 50-year period on average for the past 979 years, with a sustained shift away from relatively low mean temperatures, the length of which is unique in the 979-year record. The reconstructions are strongly and positively related to temperatures across the southeast of the Australian continent, negatively related to temperatures in the north and northeast of the continent, and uncorrelated with temperatures in the west. The lack of a strong relationship with temperatures across the continent highlights the necessity of a sub-regional focus for Australasian temperature reconstructions.
Discipline, Level, Genre: Integrating Situational Perspectives in a New MD Analysis of University Student Writing
Authors: Gardner Sheena , Nesi Hilary , Biber Douglas 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWhile there have been many investigations of academic genres, and of the linguistic features of academic discourse, few studies have explored how these interact across a range of university student writing situations. To counter misconceptions that have arisen regarding student writing, this article aims to provide comprehensive linguistic descriptions of a wide range of university assignment genres in relation to multiple situational variables. Our new multidimensional (MD) analysis of the British Academic Written English (BAWE) corpus identifies clusters of linguistic features along four dimensions, onto which academic disciplines, disciplinary groups, levels of study, and genre families are mapped. The dimensions are interpreted through text extracts as: (i) Compressed Procedural Information versus Stance towards the Work of Others; (ii) Personal Stance; (iii) Possible Events versus Completed Events; and (iv) Informational Density. Clusters of linguistic features from the comprehensive set of situational perspectives found across this framework can be selected to inform the teaching of a ‘common academic core’, and to inform the design of programmes tailored to the needs of specific disciplines.