bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LILRB1 Blockade Enhances Bispecific T Cell Engager Antibody–Induced Tumor Cell Killing by Effector CD8+ T Cells
Authors: Kim Aeryon , Han Chia-Jung , Driver Ian , Olow Aleksandra , Sewell Andrew K. , Zhang Zemin , Ouyang Wenjun , Egen Jackson G. , Yu Xin 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Elicitation of tumor cell killing by CD8+ T cells is an effective therapeutic approach for cancer. In addition to using immune checkpoint blockade to reinvigorate existing but unresponsive tumor-specific T cells, alternative therapeutic approaches have been developed, including stimulation of polyclonal T cell cytolytic activity against tumors using bispecific T cell engager (BiTE) molecules that simultaneously engage the TCR complex and a tumor-associated Ag. BiTE molecules are efficacious against hematologic tumors and are currently being explored as an immunotherapy for solid tumors. To understand mechanisms regulating BiTE molecule­–mediated CD8+ T cell activity against solid tumors, we sought to define human CD8+ T cell populations that efficiently respond to BiTE molecule stimulation and identify factors regulating their cytolytic activity. We find that human CD45RA+CCR7− CD8+ T cells are highly responsive to BiTE molecule stimulation, are enriched in genes associated with cytolytic effector function, and express multiple unique inhibitory receptors, including leukocyte Ig-like receptor B1 (LILRB1). LILRB1 and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) were found to be expressed by distinct CD8+ T cell populations, suggesting different roles in regulating the antitumor response. Engaging LILRB1 with its ligand HLA-G on tumor cells significantly inhibited BiTE molecule–induced CD8+ T cell activation. Blockades of LILRB1 and PD1 induced greater CD8+ T cell activation than either treatment alone. Together, our data suggest that LILRB1 functions as a negative regulator of human CD8+ effector T cells and that blocking LILRB1 represents a unique strategy to enhance BiTE molecule therapeutic activity against solid tumors.
Kaposi's Sarcoma in the Immunosuppressed
Authors: Reddy Nisha A , Mays Steven R , Pacha Omar 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a virally induced tumor most commonly appearing in the immunosuppressed. It is caused by infection with human herpesvirus-8, which in healthy individuals causes no symptoms. However, in patients with weakened immune systems, such as in HIV and organ transplant patients, the virus can proliferate leading to KS. Following the introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV and AIDS, the prevalence of AIDS-related KS has fallen, but it has begun to appear in subsets of patients on treatment. Treatments for KS vary depending on the cause of immunosuppression. In the case of HIV, ART is the first-line treatment, but other therapies are initiated based on tumor response. In transplant patients, primary treatment involves stopping or reducing immunosuppression and similarly advancing to other therapies based on response. This presents a dilemma in many cases where chemotherapy will reduce an already-weakened immune system or in strengthening an immune system in patients at risk for transplant rejection. This review will focus on summarizing the effects of immunosuppression in HIV-related (epidemic) and iatrogenically immunosuppressed transplant patients with KS and its etiology, pathophysiology, current treatments, and management along with novel therapies.
Philosophy in Taiwan: The Continuation of Tradition and the Creation of New Theoretical Paradigms
Authors: Rošker Jana S. 
Published: June 2019

Taiwanese philosophers are playing a rather prominent role in the context of preserving the Chinese ideational tradition, even though their significance in this context is still widely unknown. The present article is thus focused upon the critical introduction of their work, and its positioning into the context of the political, economic and intellectual conditions of the second half of the 20th century. The role of the Taiwanese philosophy was especially important precisely in the period which begun in 1949 and lasted until the end of the century. In these five decades, the philosophical production on the mainland was mostly dominated by censorship, and the prevailing regulations of the Communist Party’s policies mainly demanded that researchers working in philosophy stayed in the field of the sinization of Marxism, whereby investigating the Chinese intellectual tradition was not so much in favour. The article clearly exposes the reasons for and significance of the preservation of continued research into Chinese ideational history in Taiwan, and points out that without this extraordinarily constructive role of the Taiwanese philosophers, these studies would have suffered immense damage. The author also shows that the work carried out by the Taiwanese philosophers was not merely important in respect of preserving the continuation of Chinese philosophical research, but also because they have at the same time created numerous innovative methodological and theoretical concepts that have fundamentally enriched the recent history of investigating and developing Chinese philosophy. In this regard, the author exposes and critically analyses some of the central philosophical concepts of Mou Zongsan, who is among the most important representatives of modern Taiwanese philosophy.
Keywords: Taiwanese philosophy, research in the Chinese intellectual tradition, Chinese philosophy, Confucianism, new concepts, new methodologies
A retrospective analysis of women diagnosed with unclassified HPV genotypes
Authors: Turkler Can , Kiremitli Tunay 
Published: June 2019

IntroductionThis study primarily aimed to investigate the associations between unclassified HPV genotypes and cervical lesions.Material and methodsThis was a retrospective review of 411 patients with HPV positivity. The participants were divided into two groups: Group X contained HPV genotypes 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59 and 68 while group Y contained unclassified HPV genotypes such as 42, 54, 61, 62, 71, 81, 83, 84 and 89. The X and Y groups were compared in terms of demographic characteristics and related cervical pathologies. We investigated the potential of HPV genotypes in group Y to develop cervical neoplasia.ResultsHPV 16 is the most common genotype in group X (28.5%) whereas HPV 83 is the most common genotype in group Y (4.9%). Group X and group Y were statistically similar with respect to age (p = 0.231), parity (p = 0.617), occupation (p = 0.535), marital status (p = 0.644), education level (p = 0.316), smoking (p = 0.352), gynecological findings (p = 0.201), Pap smear results (p = 0.427), and colposcopy findings (p = 0.476). When compared to group X, normal cervical biopsy was significantly more frequent (18.6% vs. 39.1%), chronic cervicitis was significantly less frequent (49.5% vs. 36.9%), CIN 1 was significantly less frequent (12.9% vs. 8.7%) and CIN 2 was significantly less frequent (5.6% vs. 2.2%) (p = 0.012). Cervical cancer was diagnosed in three patients of group X and one patient of group Y (1.6% vs. 2.2%).ConclusionsScreening programs for cervical cancer are generally performed to detect HPV genotypes with high oncogenic potential. The importance of unclassified HPV genotypes should be investigated in large scale studies so that the success of screening programs and vaccination can be improved.
miRNA-133a has anti-tumor effects on glioblastoma
Authors: Zhao Li , An Xian , Yang Wenhong , Han Xu 
Published: June 2019

IntroductionGlioblastomas (GBMs) are primary malignant gliomas and astrocytomas that predominantly threaten patients’ life. The aim of this study was to explain how miRNA-133a plays an important role in GBM patients’ life.Material and methodsWe analyzed the pathology in healthy and GBM tissues by HE staining. We evaluated the MEK protein expression in adjacent and cancer tissues by immunohistochemistry (IHC). By cell experiment, we evaluated the miRNA-133a effects in U87 cells, which are a human primary glioblastoma cell line, biologically by MTT assay, flow cytometer and wound healing assay and measuring the relative protein expressions by WB assay.ResultsGBM patients show poor prognosis of < 1.5-year survival period. Real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to evaluate miR-133a and MEK levels in glioma tissues and healthy tissues, and the correlation between miR-133a and MEK was analyzed. Cell proliferation was examined by MTT assay. Wound healing assay was performed to detect cell migration. The results show a lower miR-133a level in glioma tissue than healthy tissue, and miR-133a is positively correlated with patients’ overall survival (OS). Fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) agonist rescues miR-133a mimic induced reduction of U87 cell proliferation. FGF1 agonist inhibits miR-133a mimic caused up-regulation of U87 cell apoptosis, U87 cells that were at G1 stage and U87 cell migration. p-MEK/p-PI3K/p-AKT/p-ERK signaling pathways were responsible for the protective role of miR-133a in GBM.ConclusionsmiR-133a plays a protective role in GBM via inhibiting activation of MEK/PI3K/AKT and ERK pathways, and might be an effective therapy for GBM.
Training in intraoperative neuromonitoring of recurrent laryngeal nerves reduces the risk of their injury during thyroid surgery
Authors: Kuryga Dorota , Wojskowicz Piotr , Szymczuk Jaroslaw , Wojdyla Anna , Milewska Anna , Barczynski Marcin , Dadan Jacek , Rogowski Marek , Mysliwiec Piotr 
Published: June 2019

IntroductionEven though incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy (RLNP) is low, it affects importantly the quality of life of patients and remains one of main medicolegal litigation problems in surgery. Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) has become widely accepted tool helping in recurrent laryngeal nerve identification, however no clear association of IONM with RLNP rate has been demonstrated. The aim of our study was to assess whether training in IONM influences rates of RNLP after thyroid surgery as an independent factor.Material and methodsWe analysed retrospectively 1235 patients who underwent thyroidectomy at the 1st Department of General and Endocrine Surgery, Medical University of Bialystok. Possible risk factors for RLNP were evaluated: application or not of IONM, the extent of surgery or thyroid pathology in correlation with surgeons’ experience in IONM (trained or untrained).ResultsThere were 2351 nerves at risk (NAR) and 39 RNLP were diagnosed after thyroid surgery (1.66%). Surgeons trained in IONM performed 52.2% of all operations (1200 NAR) with 7 RLNP (0.58%), whereas not-trained had 32 RLNP for 1151 NAR (2.8%; p < 0.001). After 182 thyroidectomies (357 NAR) guided by IONM (14.7%) 3 RLNP were observed (0.84%) vs. 36 palsies per 1994 NAR without IONM (1.81%; p = 0.189). The highest danger of RLNP was reported after reoperations and the lowest after subtotal thyroidectomies. We found no association between thyroid pathology and RLNP rate.ConclusionsAccording to our study training in IONM decreases chances of RLNP especially during total or near total thyroidectomy.
Big Five personality traits among Polish students facing the transformations of the education system
Authors: Filipiak Sara , Łubianka Beata 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundThe aim of the present study was to analyze personality traits in the Big Five Model among Polish students in early adolescence, who were on the verge of introduction of a new reform in the Polish education system. The article presents a summary of the results of the first of the planned three stages of the longitudinal study.Participants and procedureThe participants of the study were 910 people at the sixth grade of primary schools, aged from 11 to 13 (M = 12.40, SD = 0.58), and at the first grade of junior high schools, aged from 12 to 14 (M = 13.40, SD = 0.53) in the school year 2016/2017. The analysis of personality traits was carried out using the Picture Based Personality Survey for Children (PBPS-C v1).ResultsThe results showed that young people from primary schools are more conscientious and open to experience than their older schoolmates. Girls from primary schools are more conscientious and open to new experience than their older peers; and boys from primary schools are more conscientious than their older schoolmates. Gender and level of education turned out to be sig-nificant predictors of some personality traits. Extraversion is associated with boys while neuroticism and agreeableness are as-sociated with girls. Level of education is associated with openness to experience and conscientiousness.ConclusionsThe results are discussed in the context of possible practical rearing influence aimed at supporting young people’s development in the context of educational changes that they are about to face.
Resiliency as a predictor of flexibility in coping with stress of cardiac patients
Authors: Góralska Katarzyna , Basińska Małgorzata A. 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundSince cardiovascular diseases remain the main cause of premature mortality in men and women in Poland, it is reasonable to look for factors that protect against these conditions. Psychological resiliency is one of such properties that support adaptation in difficult situations and conducive to adaptation to the disease. The aim of the present study was to analyze the relationship between resiliency and flexibility in coping of cardiac patients and to determine whether resiliency is a predictor of flexibility in coping with stress in this group.Participants and procedureIn the study the Assessment of Resiliency Scale (SPP-25) and the scale of Flexibility in Coping with Stress (KERS-14) were used. The participants of the study were 120 cardiac patients (72 men and 48 women) at the age 29-75.ResultsThe results show that there is a statistically significant relationship between resiliency and flexibility in coping. Each of the resiliency dimensions, as well as the result of the overall resiliency, correlates positively with each of the dimensions of flexibility in coping. The analysis showed that resiliency is an important predictor of a dependent variable – flexible in coping.ConclusionsThere is a positive relationship between resiliency and flexibility in coping with stress in cardiac patients. Peo-ple with a higher intensity of resiliency in comparison to people with lower intensity of resiliency are character-ized by greater flexibility in coping with stress. The dimensions of resiliency, in particular ‘Persistence and de-termination in action’ and ‘Openness to new experiences and sense of humor’, together with the duration of the disease, play a predictive role for flexibility in coping with stress.
Automated wind turbine wake characterization in complex terrain
Authors: Barthelmie Rebecca J. , Pryor Sara C. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract. An automated wind turbine wake characterization algorithm has been developed
and applied to a data set of over 19 000 scans measured by a ground-based
scanning Doppler lidar at Perdigão, Portugal, over the period January to
June 2017. Potential wake cases are identified by wind speed, direction and
availability of a retrieved free-stream wind speed. The algorithm correctly
identifies the wake centre position in 62 % of possible wake cases, with 46 %
having a clear and well-defined wake centre surrounded by a coherent area of
lower wind speeds while 16 % have split centres or multiple lobes where
the lower wind speed volumes are no longer in coherent areas but present as
two or more distinct areas or lobes. Only 5 % of cases are not detected;
the remaining 33 % could not be categorized either by the algorithm or
subjectively, mainly due to the complexity of the background flow. Average
wake centre heights categorized by inflow wind speeds are shown to be
initially lofted (to two rotor diameters, D, downstream) except when the inflow
wind speeds exceed 12 ms−1. Even under low wind speeds, by 3.5 D
downstream of the wind turbine, the mean wake centre position is below the
initial wind turbine hub height and descends broadly following the terrain
slope. However, this behaviour is strongly linked to the hour of the day and
atmospheric stability. Overnight and in stable conditions, the average
height of the wake centre is 10 m higher than in unstable conditions at 2 D downstream from the wind turbine and 17 m higher at 4.5 D downstream.
Die Wohnungsfrage abseits der Metropolen: Wohnen in Salzburg zwischen touristischer Nachfrage und Finanzanlagen
Authors: Van-Hametner Andreas , Smigiel Christian , Kautzschmann Karolin , Zeller Christian 
Published: June 2019

Abstract. The housing question is a topic of increasing concern in a number of European cities. Rising housing costs burden many households. Since the outbreak of the global economic crisis in 2008, housing has increasingly come under spotlight of investors. Institutional and private actors invest in real estate not only in metropolitan areas but also in middle and small-sized towns. Tourism-induced demand increases the pressure on housing markets particularly in tourist-dominated cities. The manifestation of these processes varies on a small scale and is influenced by regional-local planning and politics. Based on the example of the city of Salzburg, the article shows that the housing question manifests itself strongly aside metropolises as well. Financial investments by private and institutional actors in real estate and different forms of tourism demand exacerbate the housing shortage. By linking the discussions about the effects of (mass-)tourism and financial investments on regional housing markets, this paper provides additional insights. The additional demand for (residential) space by tourism is used to increase or secure the return on investments in real estate. Financial investments in housing offer additional (problematic) potential for tourist use, such as short-term rentals. Owners benefit from both processes. Due to the prevalent power relations, planning and politics have little to counter the current challenges.
Municípios e propostas vulneráveis: uma análise do edital 2013 do Programa Esporte e Lazer da Cidade (PELC)
Authors: Dos Santos Edmilson Santos , Starepravo Fernando Augusto , De Menezes Vilde Gomes , Melo Esdras Henrique Rangel de 
Published: June 2019

As análises sobre a implementação do Programa Esporte e Lazer da Cidade dispensam proponentes que não obtiveram sucesso na apresentação de suas propostas. Assim, o objetivo do estudo foi traçar um perfil das prefeituras que não alcançaram 50 pontos no Edital do PELC/2013. Através da estatística descritiva o estudo traçou comparativos entre essas prefeituras e quatro marcadores de vulnerabilidade: pertencer ao semiárido brasileiro, possuir baixo IDH, ser município com baixo perfil demográfico e ser dependente do Fundo de Participação dos Municípios. A falta de capacidade técnica é um dos marcos das desigualdades entre os municípios brasileiros e aumentam as chances de proponentes vulneráveis de não ultrapassarem a nota de corte estabelecida no estudo.
Palavras-chave: Políticas Públicas. Esporte. Lazer.
Getting By or Making It? Polish Immigrants Aging in an Ethnic Enclave of Greenpoint
Authors: Łukasiewicz Karolina , Dżurak Ewa , Maliga Ewa , Barry Izabela J. , Pawlaczek Marta 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The aging immigrant population in affluent Western countries is rapidly growing. In the United States, the largest share of older adults is in this population of European immigrants, however, a handful of studies focus on this group. This article aims at filling this gap by analyzing data based on thirty-two interviews with aging Polish immigrants and observations made in senior centers in the Brooklyn neighborhood of Greenpoint. We analyzed (1) the opportunities that the aging Poles encountered in the context of the neighborhood of Greenpoint, metro New York City, and broader in the U.S. We also examined (2) significant challenges faced by this group and considered their coping strategies reflected in different aging models. We argue that the reality of the aging process of the immigrant population is more complex than we would prefer to see it. Neither the image of aging immigrants barely “getting by,” vulnerable, and lonely that appears in literature nor an image of the empowered and “making it” immigrant is accurate (King et al. 2016). We observed these two scenarios overlapping in biographies of individual participants and across the biographies of different participants, together with other scenarios.
Stills in the Hills: Moonshine Memories from Around Canada’s First Polish Kashub Community
Authors: Blank Joshua C. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract“Stills in the Hills” documents the long tradition of imbibing among the notoriously self-sufficient Polish-Kashub and Galician settlers of Renfrew County, Ontario, Canada. It reaches back to the regions the settlers left—Prussian-occupied Pomerania and Austrian-occupied Galicia—and uses moonshine as a lens to examine the transnational origins of production and consumption. Using printed sources and local historical memory, this study peers into the transfer of the practice to Canada as well as subversive efforts of locals, in the community and the ethnoscape, to avoid the long arm of the law. Additionally, it unpacks several of the problems created, or exacerbated, by alcohol in the ethnic community.
Effect of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction on Perioperative Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Hip Fracture Surgery
Authors: Bohsali Fuad , Klimpl David , Baumgartner Rita , Sieber Frederick , Eid Shaker M. 
Published: June 2019

Introduction:
Heart failure is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in hip fracture surgery. The impact of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is poorly understood in this population. We designed a study to evaluate national perioperative outcomes in hip fracture for patients with HFpEF.

Methods:
Patients with hip fracture undergoing total hip arthroplasty, hemiarthroplasty, or open/closed reduction with internal and external fixation from January 2005 to December 2013 were identified using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Inpatient outcomes during the index hospitalization were compared between patients without heart failure and with HFpEF. Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction was included as a secondary comparator. Perioperative major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs), defined as in-hospital all-cause death, acute myocardial infarction, and in-hospital cardiac arrest or acute ischemic stroke, were evaluated.

Results:
Among 2,020,712 hospitalizations for hip fracture surgery, perioperative MACCE occurred in 67,554 hospitalizations (3.3%), corresponding to an annual incidence of approximately 7,506 events after applying sample weights. Compared with patients without heart failure, patients with HFpEF experienced increased odds of MACCE, adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.69; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.51 to 1.89. In comparison, the aOR of experiencing a MACCE event in the heart failure with reduced ejection fraction group was 1.75 (95% CI, 1.57 to 1.96). HFpEF was also associated with increased odds of acute respiratory failure (aOR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.53 to 1.91) and acute renal failure (aOR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.41 to 1.64).

Conclusion:
HFpEF confers a significant perioperative risk of MACCE in patients undergoing hip fracture surgery.