bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HEART RATE LEVELS IN THE POPULATIONS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA DURING THE THIRTY-YEAR PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Shalnova S. A. , Vilkov V. G. , Kapustina A. V. , Deev A. D. 
Published: July 2018

Heart rate (HR) acceleration is one of the risk factors of the number of prevalent chronic non-communicable diseases.Aim. To evaluate changes in mean levels of HR in the Russian Federation (RF) and the United States of America (USA) in different age and sex groups from 1975 to 2014.Material and methods. HR levels in men and women of different age groups were evaluated in the populations of the RF and the USA in 1975-1982 and in 2007-2014 by the secondary analysis of cross-sectional trials data. A total number of cases was 48974.Results. In 80th years of XX century Russian men and women of all age groups had lower HR as compared to the USA, the distinctions were statistically significant in all age groups except for men aged 25-34 years (p<0.0001). During the next 3 decades HR significantly decreased in all groups of the USA population, while the RF population demonstrated variety of HR levels trends in different groups, absolute distinctions in mean values were relatively small and did not exceed 2 beats per minute. At the present time HR levels are less in the RF as compared to the USA in women aged 25-55 years and in men aged 25-34 years; in 55-64-year old men HR is somewhat higher in the RF than in the USA, other groups revealed statistically insignificant distinctions.Conclusion. The USA evidently loosed out to the RF in mean levels of HR in all age groups 35 years earlier. During the next 3 decades situation has been worsened as applied to the RF and distinctions with the USA have been largely smoothed over.
STUDY OF ADHERENCE TO DRUG THERAPY OF PATIENTS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES IN DISTRICT HOSPITAL OF SMALL TOWN IN SARATOV REGION AND IN CARDIOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF UNIVERSITY CLINIC IN SARATOV
Authors: Bulaeva Yu. V. , Naumova E. A. , Semenova O. N. 
Published: July 2018

Aim. To study the relation of various factors with adherence to long-term drug therapy in patients with cardiovascular diseases in district hospital of small town in Saratov Region and patients from clinical hospital of Saratov medical university.Material and methods. The hospitalized patients with cardiovascular diseases were included into the prospective study of long-term adherence to treatment. Questioning of patients with the determination of the attitude of respondents to their health, the desire to receive information about the disease, the level of awareness of the therapy, the degree of participation in the treatment process, the nature of the relationship with the attending physician was performed. A year after discharge, control calls were made to patients to learn whether the patient was continuing treatment prescribed a year ago in the hospital. The data on patient adherence in both hospitals were analyzed.Results. 108 patients in the district hospital (58% of selected patients) and 70 in the Saratov hospital (33% of selected patients) responded to all questions in the questionnaire during hospitalization. Successful reaching by phone 12 months after discharge from the hospital took place in 74 patients of the small town and 40 patients of the regional center. The continuation of treatment was found in 28 (38%) and 24 (50%) patients, respectively. Patients who continued treatment significantly differed from those, who stopped therapy, by presence of myocardial infarction in anamnesis [14 (78%) patients in the university hospital and 6 (60%) patients in the district hospital; p<0.01] as well as acute cerebrovascular accident [6 (78%) patients in the university hospital and 4 (75%) patients in the district hospital; p<0.05] and stable angina class I-III [22 (61%) patients in Saratov and 28 (44%) patients in the small town; p<0.01]. Adherence to recommendations after 12 months was found in patients who considered that doctor or relatives were responsible for their health (6 patients in Saratov and 12 – in the small town; p<0.05) and believed that attending physician determines the portion of information provided to the patient [20 (60%) patients of the district hospital and 11 (63%) patients in the university clinic; p<0.05 for university clinic].Conclusion. The adherence to long-term treatment after discharge remained low and did not exceed 50% among patients in both groups. The paternalistic model continued to dominate in the doctor-patient interconnection system.
TREATMENT ADHERENCE AND QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS WITH STABLE ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE IN TREATMENT WITH NICORANDIL: INTERRELATION AND INTERACTION (ACCORDING TO THE RESULTS OF THE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY NIKEA)
Authors: Martsevich S. Yu. , Lukina Yu. V. , Kutishenko N. P. , Voronina V. P. , Lerman O. V. , Gaisenok O. V. , Gomova T. A. , Ezhov A. V. , Kuimov A. D. , Libis R. A. , Matyushin G. V. , Mitroshina T. N. , Nechaeva G. I. , Reznik I. I. , Skibitsky V. V. , Sokolova L. A. , Chesnikova A. I. , Dobrynina N. V. , Yakushin S. S. 
Published: July 2018

Aim. To assess quality of life (QoL) and its dynamics during nicorandil treatment in patients with stable ischemic heart disease, to study the relationship of treatment adherence and QoL indicators when treated with nicorandil.Material and methods. Observational program NIKEA included 590 patients with angina pectoris. Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) was used to assess QoL. Patients completed SAQ at the visit of inclusion (V0) and at the visit after 3 months of observation (V3). Potential and actual adherence to therapy was assessed by medical interviews at visits V0, V1 (1 month of observation) and V3. During the visit V0 417 people (from 590 ones enrolled into the study) completed SAQ (71% response); after 3 months (V3) SAQ was filled in by 454 of 552 people who came to this visit (82% response). According to the results of medical interviews, potential adherence (visit V0) was determined in all 590 patients, actual adherence to nicorandil (visits V1 and V3) was assessed in 552 patients who came to these visits. In accordance with the degree of adherence, all patients were divided into 3 groups: (1) adherent to treatment (taking nicorandil for the first three months), (2) non-adherent (who refused to take nicorandil), and (3) partially non-adherent (who started nicorandil, but for various reasons stopped taking the drug).Results. In all patients, regardless of their adherence to the recommended drug, there was an increase in QoL according to all five scales of the SAQ after 3 months of follow-up. Statistically significant positive dynamics of all SAQ indicators was found only in adherent patients (p<0.0001 for all aspects). Patients, who showed good adherence to nicorandil at V1, had more severe angina at the beginning of treatment (according to “Angina Stability” and “Angina Frequency” indicators). These patients also had lower QoL “Disease Perception” score and more confidence in the doctor (“Treatment Satisfaction” score) than non-adherent patients (p<0.05). In non-adherent patients a mild degree of angina was determined 2 times more often according to “Angina Frequency” indicator (p=0.03).Conclusion. The results of the study confirm the interrelation and mutual influence of the QoL indicators and treatment adherence to nicorandil. Effective treatment with nicorandil in patients with lower health-related QoL indicators could increase treatment adherence. On the other hand, the mild degree of angina, the low level of confidence in the treating doctor, the side effects of the new drug reduce medication adherence of patients, which, as a result, negatively affects the QoL of these patients
APPROACHES TO THE CHOICE OF ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH COMBINATION OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION WITH CORONARY HEART DISEASE OR PERIPHERAL ATHEROSCLEROSIS: POTENTIAL OF APIXABAN
Authors: Ostroumova O. D. , Kochetkov A. I. , Orlova I. Yu. , Smolyarchuk E. A. , Pavlova J. S. 
Published: July 2018

The choice of anticoagulant therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and concomitant diseases – coronary heart disease (CHD), including acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in history, peripheral arterial disease (PAD), is discussed in the article. The overall mortality and incidence of myocardial infarction in patients with CHD and AF is higher than in patients with AF without CHD. Patients with AF and PAD compared to patients with AF without PAD have higher risks both stroke and systemic embolism. The prescription of triple antithrombotic therapy is necessary for patients with a combination of AF and CHD who underwent percutaneous coronary interventions (in ACS or elective surgery). The possibility of prescription and duration, the choice of specific drugs and their doses should be determined individually, based on the risks of ischemic events associated with stenting, the risk of ischemic stroke and bleeding. Use of new oral anticoagulants (NOAC) instead of vitamin K antagonists (eg, warfarin), low doses of NOAC, studied in trials and proven efficacy in the prevention of stroke/systemic embolism, the use of clopidogrel as a drug of choice from the P2Y12 inhibitor group, the use of low doses of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), the routine administration of drugs from the proton pump inhibitor group is recommended to minimize the risk of bleeding. The data of subanalysis of the ARISTOTEL randomized clinical trial, indicating a high profile of efficacy and safety of apixaban in patients with AF, depending on the presence of CHD, PAD, concomitant use of ASA, are also presented in the article. The benefits of apixaban over warfarin for reducing the risk of stroke/systemic embolism, total mortality and the risk of bleeding in a subgroup of CHD patients are just as obvious as in the general population of the ARISTOTLE study, and in the subgroup of patients without CHD. Treatment with apixaban, both in the subgroup of patients taking ASA, and a subgroup of patients without ASA, is accompanied by a lower risk of strokes and systemic embolism and a lower incidence of major bleeding. The risk of stroke or systemic embolism was similar in patients with AF and PAD randomized to the apixaban group or to the warfarin group, as well as in patients with AF without PAD. Patients with AF and PAD who received apixaban or warfarin had a similar incidence of major bleeding or clinically significant minor bleeding.
MEMBANGUN BUDAYA KERJA DALAM MENINGKATKAN MUTU PTK-PNF
Authors: Syamsuddin Erman 
Published: July 2018

Directorate of Teachers and Education Personnel as one of Directorates, Directorate General of Quality Improvement for Teachers and Education Personnel for Nonformal Education raises an issue on “working spirit” onf the personnel competencies. It discusses some requirements to enable the Directorate to do its tasks and programs. Commitment to organization, leadership, and empowerment of the personnel are necessary to strengthen the Directorate in performing its missions and programs. In addition, continous improvement in all management aspects are needed to enable the Directorate sustain and develop for the sake of stakeholder satisfaction.
PEMETAAN PERKEMBANGAN PENDIDIK DAN TENAGA KEPENDIDIKAN PENDIDIKAN NON FORMAL
Authors: Waspodo Muktiono 
Published: July 2018

This article is a review on the existence and the role of teachers and education personnel for nonformal education. The role of teachers and education personnel is under supervision of The Directorate General of Quality Improvement for Teachers and Education Personnel, through regulation No.8 2005, issued by Minister National Education. This article adopts the strategic planning of Directorate of Teachers and Education Personnel as the main reference. Critical reviews on the existence of teachers and education personnel for nonformal is very scarce. This is the mjhor cause of why many people tend to think “learning is schooling”. As a results, the term “school teachers is more familiar to us than is nonformal education teachers. Though they function the same role as school teachers do. Even, they have to work harder . The article below discusses the development of functional education teachers, the organization and the strategic policies.
Preparation of alumina-zirconia (Al-Zr) ceramic nanofiltration (NF) membrane for the removal of uranium in aquatic system
Authors: Chung Youngkun , Yun Yeo-Myeong , Kim Yeo-Jin , Hwang Yu Sik , Kang Seoktae 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
In this research, ceramic nanofiltration (NF) membranes were prepared by depositing alumina-zirconia (Al-Zr) nanoparticles into the pores of ceramic ultrafiltration (UF) membranes for the removal of radioactive uranium in an aquatic system. The modified ceramic membranes showed NF membrane performance with around 1,000 Da molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) and 58% CaCl2 rejection. The removal efficiencies of uranium species by these successfully modified ceramic NF membranes exhibited differences depending on the pH conditions (pH 5.0, 7.4, and 10.0), and achieved the highest rejection of 91% at pH 7.4. This behavior is due to the dominant aqueous species of uranium in pH 7.4, (UO2)2CO3(OH3)−, which has the largest molecular weight among the conditions and the negatively charged species having electrostatic attraction to the positively charged ceramic NF membranes. The ceramic NF membrane prepared here is expected to be feasible in the advanced water treatment process to remove radioactive compounds.
TRANSFORMATION OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS OF THE CENTER AND THE PERIPHERY IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
Authors: Malakhova T. S. 
Published: July 2018

In modern conditions, the external economic relations between countries of the vanguard and periphery are becoming increasingly controversial and ambiguous. Undoubtedly, the problem of inequality between the mentioned groups of countries has been always acute, and many schools of economics have been working on a solution of this question. This problem has escalated after the first wave of the global economic crisis (2008–2009). Despite everything, countries of the vanguard continue to promote principles of the neoliberal model through international organizations and financial institutions, which turned out to be unviable due to numerous reasons. The article deals with economic and trade relations between countries of the vanguard and periphery within the European Union, problems and controversies of their interaction and provides with a prediction of further development of the integration group. It may definitely be said that the liberalization of the external economic relations between partners has led to the increase of inequality among them, deepening of structural problems in countries of the periphery and to the stifling of their social and economic development. On that basis, the reasons of transformation of the European Union in context of the modern global instability have been outlined, as well as two groups of country outsiders in this association. The article shows that countries of the South and Central and Eastern Europe have found themselves in a financial bondage to the core countries and that their further membership in the EU will lead to even more harmful consequences and to a deep transformation of the whole EU.
Role of the Immune System in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)
Authors: Ormstad Heidi , Bryn Vesna , Saugstad Ola Didrik , Skjeldal Ola , Maes Michael 
Published: July 2018

Background:
The evidence based supports that multifactorial and complex immune interactions
play a role in autism spectrum disorders (ASD), but contradictory findings are also reported.

Objective:
The aim of this selective review was to identify trends in the research literature on this
topic, focusing on immunology and other aberrations with respect to the different ASD subtypes.

Methods:
This selective review is based on original and review articles written in English and identified
in literature searches of PubMed.

Results:
Several studies have found that the risk of ASD is greater among children whose mothers suffered
from autoimmune diseases while pregnant. Moreover, individuals with ASD show increased levels
of antibodies that are specific for several specific proteins. Studies also show that mothers of children
with ASD have antibodies against fetal brain proteins. There are also reports on the associations
between increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines and ASD. Finally, infections in mothers during
pregnancy are linked to an increased risk of ASD.

Conclusion:
We propose that the large inconsistencies in findings among studies in the field are due to
differences in subdiagnoses among the included children with ASD. Well-phenotyped ASD samples are
needed to understand the biological and immunological mechanisms underpinning ASD and its subdiagnoses.
Future research should apply new strategies to scrutinize the link between ASD and changes in
immune responsivity. Important new research avenues are to investigate the associations (a) between different
ASD phenotypes and aberrations in (auto)immune pathways and (b) between reduced natural regulatory
autoimmune responses during pregnancy, which are in turn associated with increased oxidative and
nitrosative stress in maternal blood and putative detrimental effects in the offspring.
O regime de comércio internacional
Authors: Silva Mayane Bento , Herreros Mário Miguel Amim Garcia , Borges Fabricio Quadros 
Published: July 2018

Este estudo objetiva analisar a evolução do regime multilateral de comércio internacional e problematiza os principais desafios contemporâneos responsáveis pela fragilização interna deste regime. A metodologia dividiu se em três partes. Na primeira, realizo use um esclarecimento dos conceitos basilares da temática. Em seguida, analisou se o processo evolutivo e as modificações no interior do regime de comércio internacional. E por fim, examinou se o processo constitutivo da Organização Mundial do Comércio e os principais desafios na manutenção de um regime de comércio que contribua para o dinamismo multilateral das relações comerciais internacionais. Os resultados demonstram a necessidade de reformas na agenda da Organização Mundial de Comércio de modo a contemplar novos atores e as dinâmicas impostas pelas cadeias de valor globais face ao desafio de regulação paralela dos novos megablocos de integração regional.
Palavras-Chave: regime multilateral de comércio internacional; Cadeias de Valor Globais;Integração Regional.
Régimen de solución de controversias inversor-Estados: ¿resistencias del modelo relacional en un marco institucional de las relaciones internacionales?
Authors: Bas Vilizzio Magdalena 
Published: July 2018

En primer lugar, este artículo describe las características de la solución de controversias inversor-Estado como un régimen internacional, dentro de un espacio mayor: la protección de inversiones extranjeras. En segundo lugar, el trabajo se focaliza en el examen del régimen a la luz del modelo institucional de las relaciones internacionales, e identifica tres instancias de resistencia del modelo relacional: el retiro del CIADI –Bolivia, Ecuador y Venezuela-, el planteo de alternativas a los mecanismos de resolución de disputas actuales –sistema de tribunales de inversiones propuesto por la Unión Europea-, y la recuperación de la competencia de resolver en los tribunales locales aquellos conflictos jurídicos surgidos con inversores extranjeros –Sudáfrica-.
Palabras clave: Solución de controversias inversor-Estado; relaciones internacionales; modelo relacional; modelo institucional, Estados
Ownership and Perpetual Usufruct in the Valuation of Undeveloped Real Property on the Example of Parallel Markets
Authors: Foryś Iwona , Gaca Radosław 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The paper presents an analysis of the trade in undeveloped real property in two cases: the ownership title and perpetual usufruct. The aim was to find the relation between the values of these rights in parallel markets, which allows to evaluate a better type of right to the property with a worse one. Such a solution is justified when the data is lacking in the local market. The solution is also frequently encountered in the practice of a property appraiser (Dobek, Suchoń, Wajszczuk, Wielicki, 2009). In the empirical study, the information used concerned the transactions concluded between the years of 2013‒2015 in two surveying precincts in Bydgoszcz district. In both cases, two different rights to property were traded, however, their percentage share in the total number of transactions was significantly different. It enabled to determine a correction factor for both types of rights to property. The analyses were preceded by the examination of concluded agreements, in particular, the characteristics of the traded real properties.
An Analysis of Dynamic Changes in Selected Areas of Sustainable Development of the European Union Countries
Authors: Bąk Iwona , Cheba Katarzyna 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The aim of the study is to determine the pace and directions of changes (understood as: improvement or deterioration) occurring in selected areas of sustainable development of EU Member States. The paper analyzes dynamics of changes in selected areas of sustainable development monitored on the basis of headline indicators published by Eurostat from 2008 to 2015. In the paper, three variants of reference points of synthetic measure of development were considered. On the basis of the obtained results, the countries in which the improvement in the sustainable development and its deterioration can be observed were identified. The results have confirmed the existence of significant developmental disparities between EU Member States in this field, but it should be noted that the obtained results depend on the methodological approach both to the selection of features and the adoption of a specific standardization formula, as well as the considered variants of reference points. The results obtained can be utilized in subsequent years to examine the directions of change observed both from the point of view of European Union as one organization, and the individual EU Member States.
Discussion on Design Methods for Protection and Renovation of Traditional Dwellings in North Shandong
Authors: Yanru Gai 
Published: July 2018

Traditional dwellings in north Shandong actÂ as an integral part of the Culture of Yellow River. ItsÂ value is being recognized by the society gradually.Â Many protection theories of historical buildings,Â architectural aesthetics, many cases of buildingÂ renovation and protection have been proposed. In thisÂ paper, we explore and discuss the design methods inÂ renovation of dwellings in north Shandong to find aÂ new road for new rural areas in north Shandong, withÂ remaining the architectural style and cultural traditionÂ of traditional dwelling.
Discussion on the Problems of Harmonics Evaluation in Power System
Authors: Xiao-rong LI 
Published: July 2018

Harmonic evaluation in power system planning and operation is the key to theÂ control of harmonic level in power grids. InÂ order to prevent the level of harmonic voltage,Â for large and medium-sized non-linear grid access to the grid, in the power system planningÂ in accordance with the relevant standards andÂ regulations for harmonic assessment. In actual operation, it is also necessary to evaluate the harmonics voltage and the userâ€™s harmonic emission. Based on the harmonics standard and related regulations of our country and the actual situation of Chinaâ€™s power grid development, this paper discusses the challenges of harmonic evaluation under the current grid development, including the limitation of harmonic voltage and responsibility, harmonic current limit, measurement evaluation and other issues for the development of Chinaâ€™s harmonic standards and evaluation methods to provide a reference.