bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant activity of Coridius chinensis extracts on manganese‐induced testicular damage in rats
Authors: Liu Qiongyou , Cen Changhuo , Fu Huihui , Wang Fengyue , Wang Yong , Xu Tiantian , Hou Xiaohui 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTCoridius chinensis (C. chinensis) is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been used to treat pain, erectile dysfunction, and other diseases. Our previous study demonstrated that manganese‐induced reproductive damage was partially rescued by a medium dose of C. chinensis treatment in rat. However, the underlying mechanism is unknown. In this study, we found that the weight of reproductive organs and the sperm count in manganese‐exposed rat were partially rescued by C. chinensis extracts (CcE) treatment. The number of apoptotic cells was significantly decreased and the expression of malondialdehyde, cytochrome c, and caspase‐3 in manganese‐exposed rats was significantly decreased after high dose of CcE treatment. Further studies revealed that the activity of superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity, and glutathione peroxidase enzymes was significantly increased in testis tissues and serum of manganese‐exposed rats with high dose of CcE treatment. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that CcE inhibits the Mn2+‐induced apoptosis in testes by inducing the activity of antioxidants.
Long‐term nitrogen removal performance and kinetics of anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria treating nitrogen‐rich saline wastewater with trehalose addition
Authors: Bai Lijing , Li Jin , Li Ronggui , Wang Jingchao , Wang Dan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA sequencing batch reactor was used to study long‐term nitrogen removal performance of anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria (AnAOB) with trehalose addition treating nitrogen‐rich saline wastewater. The operating temperature was controlled at 35 ± 0.5°C with influent pH of 7.5 ± 0.1. Trehalose played a significant role in enhancing long‐term nitrogen removal performance. When trehalose was 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 mM, ammonia removal efficiency (ARE) increased by 4.9%, 16.2%, and 32.4%, and nitrite removal efficiency (NRE) improved by 7.5%, 27.9%, and 42.2%, respectively. Optimal ARE and NRE were 92.4% and 97.4% achieved at 0.35 mM trehalose. Moreover, was removed completely within 2 hr at high trehalose content due to the synergistic effect resulting from AnAOB and heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria. increased with trehalose addition, while decreased. Compared to , fluctuated greatly. The remodified Logistic model and modified Gompertz model were suitable for describing nitrogen removal in an operating cycle with trehalose addition. Fitted AREmax values were consistent with experimental values. Appropriate trehalose addition could shorten the response time of AnAOB coping with hazardous environment stress. Lag time was within 1 hr and the minimal fitted λ value got close to 0 achieved at 0.15 mM trehalose.Practitioner points

Trehalose enhanced nitrogen removal of AnAOB in saline wastewater treatment.

Optimal ARE and NRE were 92.4% and 97.4% achieved at 0.35 mM trehalose.

Remodified Logistic and Gompertz models can analyze nitrogen removal with trehalose.

Appropriate trehalose can shorten response time of AnAOB coping with salt stress.
The Constitution of Italy: Axiological Continuity Between the Domestic and International Levels of Governance?
Authors: Martinico Giuseppe , Guastaferro Barbara , Pollicino Oreste 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe Italian Constitution (1948) belongs to the group of constitutions described as ‘constitutions born from the Resistance’, forged to reject totalitarian experiences. According to the report, the concept of the ‘Stato di diritto’ is similar to the Rechtsstaat, with two key dimensions: (a) constitutional provisions on access to courts and judicial review; and (b) the legality principle, which subordinates administrative acts to parliamentary statutes. Under the latter, the introduction of criminal offences and imposition of obligations and taxation is permissible only on the basis of a parliamentary statute. The need to protect these tenets in the context of implementing the European Arrest Warrant system gave ground to extensive concerns on the part of governmental committees and legal scholars, leading to the introduction of fundamental rights safeguards, which, however, were criticised by the European Commission. Other areas where constitutional values have come under strain include the protection of social rights and the powers of the regions. More broadly, the report explores how to ensure axiological continuity between the principles and values that govern the life of a given polity within its boundaries and those that should characterise the international community. The report also observes that the autonomous language of transnational ‘constitutionalism’ does not readily correspond to what constitutional lawyers mean by the same word. In Italian scholarship, a number of scholars have come to speak about ‘weak’ or ‘post-modern’ constitutionalism, typical of the era of globalisation. Constitutional amendments regarding the EU are limited; further amendments have been considered, including a reference to ‘supreme principles of the Italian legal order and of the inviolable human rights’.
Slovakia: Between Euro-Optimism and Euro-Concerns
Authors: Vikarská Zuzana , Bobek Michal 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn the Slovak constitutional system, the understanding of the concept of the rule of law is closer to the German concept of the Rechtsstaat rather than the common law concept. The constitutional elements of the Slovak accession to the EU have been largely settled by a comprehensive and detailed EU Amendment to the Constitution (2001). The accession to the EU was confirmed by a referendum in 2003. Constitutional amendments regarding EU and international law include provisions that enable the implementation of EU law by governmental regulations. The report generally observes a lack of case law and scholarly debate on matters relating to Slovakia’s membership in the EU. Some critical voices have considered the Slovak solutions regarding the European Arrest Warrant to be overly enthusiastic and lacking the constitutional guarantees provided elsewhere. However, a constitutional challenge was brought with regard to the Data Retention Directive, together with a request by the claimants to refer a question to the ECJ. The Constitutional Court decided to wait for the ECJ judgment in Digital Rights Ireland and subsequently declared that the implementation measures were in breach of several provisions of the Slovak Constitution, without addressing the alleged breach of the Charter provisions. The report generally recalls the high value placed on the right to privacy in Central and Eastern Europe, given the historical reality of surveillance by the secret police before 1989. Debate on the ESM Treaty was held at the political level; the report surmises that constitutional challenges might arise if citizens were actually asked to pay. More broadly, the report observes that the ongoing interaction between the national and European legal orders need not be one-directional, requiring only changes in the national legal systems; rather, a cluster of Member States might push towards a constitutional change at the European level.
The Constitutional Experience of Lithuania in the Context of European and Global Governance Challenges
Authors: Jarukaitis Irmantas , Švedas Gintaras 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe Lithuanian Constitution (1992) is described in the report as a typical revolutionary constitution, adopted after the collapse of a totalitarian regime. The Constitutional Court (CC) is a strong player both in terms of the protection of fundamental rights and as an arbitrator in political disputes. The report observes that due to their bitter historical struggle for statehood, Lithuanians have generally treated membership in the EU as a fundamental geopolitical choice. From this perspective, the Constitution is unique, as it was – in a self-standing constitutional act – extensively opened to the EU, whilst another constitutional act prohibits joining any union based on the former USSR. The CC has held that the Constitution establishes a constitutional imperative of EU and NATO membership. By and large, no critical constitutional debates have arisen in relation to EU and transnational law. Some exceptions include an (unsuccessful) request to hold a referendum on the adoption of the euro on the ground that the nature of the EMU had been changed by the ESM Treaty due to the extensive financial liabilities it might entail. The report notes that these discussions were overshadowed by events in Ukraine and geopolitical security concerns. The report also observes a lack of real discussion both in academia and in the public discourse concerning various issues decided at the EU level, which later have had a profound impact upon implementation at the national level (e.g. the Data Retention Directive), and calls for stimulating such discussion.
Ireland: The Constitution of Ireland and EU Law: The Complex Constitutional Debates of a Small Country
Authors: Hogan Gerard 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe 1937 Constitution of Ireland draws on the following three main influences: (1) the US Constitution as regards judicial review of legislation; (2) UK common law heritage regarding the fused Westminster style legislative/executive model; and (3) a variety of continental constitutions regarding some fundamental rights. The report observes that apart from constitutional guarantees on fair trial and habeas corpus, most fundamental rights provisions are expressed at a high level of generality. A distinctive feature is that the Constitution can only be amended by a referendum, and this is indeed frequently done, including with regard to EU law. The central EU amendment is the so-called ‘necessitated obligations’ clause (Art. 29.4.(6)), which has the effect of overriding all other constitutional provisions. The Constitution is a key part of the political debate, and extensive constitutional issues have also arisen in relation to EU law. Three of the most important data retention cases that have come before the ECJ have all originated from Ireland. Another notable case is Pringle, where an MP raised concerns about the large size of the financial liabilities undertaken by the ESM Treaty. With regard to the European Arrest Warrant, whilst the Irish courts carry out more extensive judicial review, the automaticity involved in mutual recognition has nevertheless been a constant source of concern for judges. The rule of parliamentary reservation of law has led to extensive adjudication, e.g. in relation to the introduction of indictable offences by governmental regulations under EU measures, and in relation to the ratification of an IMF loan agreement and an extradition treaty.
On symmetry and duality
Authors: De Haro Sebastian , Butterfield Jeremy 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe advocate an account of dualities between physical theories: the basic idea is that dual theories are isomorphic representations of a common core. We defend and illustrate this account, which we call a Schema, in relation to symmetries. Overall, the account meshes well with standard treatments of symmetries. But the distinction between the common core and the dual theories prompts a distinction between three kinds of symmetry: which we call ‘stipulated’, ‘accidental’ and ‘proper’.
Lycopene and cognitive function
Authors: Crowe-White Kristi M. , Phillips Tinsley A. , Ellis Amy C. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDecreases in cognitive function related to increases in oxidative stress and inflammation occur with ageing. Acknowledging the free radical-quenching activity and anti-inflammatory action of the carotenoid lycopene, the aim of the present review was to assess if there is evidence for a protective relationship between lycopene and maintained cognitive function or between lycopene and development or progression of dementia. A systematic literature search identified five cross-sectional and five longitudinal studies examining these outcomes in relation to circulating or dietary lycopene. Among four studies evaluating relationships between lycopene and maintained cognition, three reported significant positive relationships. Neither of the two studies reporting on relationship between lycopene and development of dementia reported significant results. Of four studies investigating circulating lycopene and pre-existing dementia, only one reported significant associations between lower circulating lycopene and higher rates of Alzheimer's disease mortality. Acknowledging heterogeneity among studies, there is insufficient evidence and a paucity of data to draw firm conclusions or tease apart direct effects of lycopene. Nevertheless, as low circulating lycopene is a predictor of all-cause mortality, further investigation into its relationship with cognitive longevity and dementia-related mortality is warranted.
A Legal Approach to International Terrorism
Authors: Lador-Lederer J. J. 
Published: May 2019

L'internationalisation du crime terroriste ne pouvait laisser indifférents les criminalistes et les internationalistes pas plus que les gouvernements, d'autant que, souvent, des crimes d'une telle gravité restent impunis, car à l'internationalisation du terrorisme ne répond encore l'internationalisation de la répression.Antoine Sottile, 1938The great upbuilding of international law which set in with the end of World War II did not overlook the penal aspects affecting the social substratum and organizational assignments of international law. Matters were no longer envisaged in the rather simplistic manner of Art. 231 of the Treaty of Versailles which had, authoritatively though not arbitrarily, decreed that “Germany accepts the responsibility … for causing all the loss and damage to which Allied and Associated Governments and their nationals had been subjected as a consequence of the war imposed on them by the aggression of Germany and her allies”, and, not less authoritatively, though more arbitrarily, decided “publicly [to] arraign William II for a supreme offence against international morality and the sanctity of treaties”. More realistically, Art. 228 postulated the “right of the Allied and Associated Powers to bring before military tribunals persons accused of having committed acts in violation of the laws and customs of war”. To the great loss of mankind, these provisions were in time eroded to the point of becoming less than meaningless.
Misleading Issues in Criminal Law Codification
Authors: Ryu Paul K. , Silving Helen 
Published: May 2019

Our purpose in this lecture is to deal with certain basic problems of the recent codification and recodification efforts, indicating particularly some of the major sources of their failures.The Philosophical and Scientific Underpinning of Criminal Legislation: Both the American and the continental European law proceed either from an obsolete image of man or from a false conception of the impact of a given image on the legal issues at stake, especially those involving the ethical, constitutional demands of our times.Jurists, lawyers and law professors on both sides of the Atlantic are still formulating criminal law issues in terms of the dichotomy of free will versus determinism. At one time, in Germany, legal insanity was defined in terms of “free determination of the will” and when prominent psychiatrists complained that on the basis of their particular discipline it was impossible for them to answer the question of whether a man did or did not possess such self-determination, legislators accommodated them, formulating the relevant question in terms of “capacity to conform to insight into the wrongfulness (or unlawfulness) of the act”.
On the Unwritten Constitution
Authors: Diplock Lord 
Published: May 2019

The subject matter of our discussion today is entitled “Written or Unwritten Constitutions”—but the real issue before us is the supremacy of the legislature. A written constitution is normally thought and spoken of as a curb upon the supremacy of the legislature; and a constitution under which the legislature is supreme, is normally called “unwritten”. I shall not presume to advise you in Israel as to whether you should give yourselves a written constitution: all I can venture to do is to give you some personal reflections from my own experience, as one who has lived his life and administered the law under an unwritten constitution.So far as constitutional law deals with the structure of government—how laws are to be made, how they are to be put into effect, how disputes as to rights and obligations under the law are to be decided—it may or may not, in a unicameral legislature, be advisable to require that amendments of what I may call the structure of the constitution should be by a particular majority. Opinions on this may be divided, and I am not going to take any stand. What I should like to give some reflections upon is the proposal that there should be a “basic law” setting out the fundamental human rights and liberties, and what the status of that law should be.
Bodies Corporate in Israel
Authors: Baker Henry E. 
Published: May 2019

Societies consisting of persons who have associated for a common interest and for objects other than that of deriving profits, which are generally known in this country as “Ottoman societies” are regulated by the Ottoman Law of Societies of August 3, 1909, which is based on a French law of July 1, 1901. Such a society is formed by agreement of the founders and does not owe its existence to any registration, but its founders must notify the competent official of the formation of the society immediately after its formation and supply him with the prescribed particulars. No such society may be established contrary to the provisions of the law, public morality or with the intention of disturbing the peace of the country or aiming at disintegration of the State, or changing the form of the ruling Government, or causing dissension among different communities, and it is prohibited to establish political societies under the title of races and nationalities.Among Ottoman societies are theHistadrut, WIZO, Hebrew University and professional associations such as the Bar Association.
The Law of Labour Disputes
Authors: Zamir Itzhak 
Published: May 2019

A few years ago a Supreme Court Justice remarked that in Israel the strike was a sacred tradition. Indeed it was. But now, it is more often regarded as a nuisance. This change of attitude has been reflected in the law.In this country, as in some other countries, the law concerning labour disputes has swung back and forth during the years like a pendulum: from severe restrictions under the Ottoman Empire, through de facto recognition during the British mandatory period, to a privileged status after the establishment of the State of Israel. True, even after the establishment of the State, the right to strike has not been expressly guaranteed by any statute. But in this respect, it is not different from other basic rights, such as the freedoms of expression or assembly, which are in the nature of common law rights. In fact, it fares better, since other rights are subject under various statutes to substantial restrictions. Only the right to strike was left virtually free from such legal restraints. One might be led to believe that to the socialist leaders of the country, most of whom rose to the Government from the ranks of the trade union movement, the right to strike was dearer than other civil liberties. During the first twenty years of the State, on the few occasions on which the legislature touched upon the right to strike, it only acted to protect it. Most conspicuous is the provision that a strike shall not be regarded as breach of a personal obligation on the part of the individual employee.
First assessment of Goidanich Index and aerobiological data forPlasmopara viticolainfection risk management in north-west Spain
Authors: Fernández-González M. , Piña-Rey A. , González-Fernández E. , Aira M. J. , Rodríguez-Rajo F. J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe climate of north-western Spain, with high temperatures and relative humidity during the grapevine vegetative cycle, can especially favour the development of fungal diseases in vineyards. One of the most important diseases is downy mildew, caused by the fungusPlasmopara viticola. The aim of the current study is to propose a system containing phenological data, biological sensors of pathogen indicator and the agrometeorological Goidanich Index in order to optimize the application of downy mildew fungicide treatments. The study was conducted in a vineyard of the ‘Ribeiro’ Designation of Origin region from 2005 to 2016 during theVitisvegetative period. Aerobiological sampling was performed using a LANZONI VPPS-2000 volumetric trap. The highest number of infection cycles was recorded during the 2009 harvest, with a total of 16 cycles. Years with fewer infection cycles were 2008, 2011 and 2012 (13 cycles). Primary infections were produced during the third fortnight of April and a high amount of secondary infection cycles were detected by the Goidanich algorithm during the fruit development and berry ripening stages. The best estimators of theP. viticolaspore concentrations were the fungus spore levels during the previous day, the average temperature 5 days before and rainfall 2 days before. The regression equation obtained accounted for the 95.9% of the spore concentration variation. The combination of the Goidanich index and biological sensors provides a valuable tool to establish an accurate, modern, integrated downy mildew pest-management strategy.
Association between number of sexual partners and utilization of family planning and sexually transmitted infection services by men aged 15–44 in the United States
Authors: Hossain Mian B. , Bronner Yvonne , Udo Ifeyinwa , Dennis Sabriya 
Published: May 2019

AbstractUnintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) pose a huge public health problem in the United States. Efforts towards reducing unintended pregnancies have previously focused on women, but the role of men in family planning and preventing unwanted pregnancy is becoming clearer. The primary objective of the study was to fully examine the utilization of family planning services by men in the US, and to determine whether factors such as race, health insurance type and number of sexual partners influenced their utilization and receipt of family planning services and STI-related health services. Data were from the 2006–2010 National Survey on Family Growth (NSFG) study conducted in the US. The study sample comprised 7686 men aged 14–44 who ever had sex with women, and who had had at least one sexual partner in the 12 months before the survey. The receipt of family planning and STI-related health services by this group of men was estimated. The results showed that non-Hispanic Black men were more likely to receive family planning and STI-related services than Hispanic and non-Hispanic White males. Given that non-Hispanic Black men are disproportionately affected by STIs and are a high-risk group, the finding that this group received more family planning and STI services is a positive step towards reducing the disproportionately high prevalence of STIs in men in this under-privileged population.