bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
"AUF DER MAUER – AUF DEM ALTAR" NOCH EINMAL DIE VISIONEN DES AMOS
Authors: Bergler Siegfried 
Published: July 2002

AbstractNach Würdigung der bisherigen Bewertung der fünf sog. Amos-Visionen (Am vii 1-3; vii 4f.; vii 7f.; viii 1f.; ix 1-4) erfolgt eine Neubetrachtung aufgrund festzustellender formaler, sprachlicher und inhaltlicher Parallelen zwischen der 3. und 5. Vision. Es wird die These vertreten, dass – falls die letzte eine spätere Hinzufügung sein sollte – zwingend auch die dritte eine zeitgleiche Sekundärbildung darstellen muss. Zudem interpretieren beide Strophen einander, was besonders der Erhellung des Begriffes "an k und des Textverständnisses von ix 1a dient. Andererseits wird aufgezeigt, warum das erste Visionenpaar zusammen mit der abschließenden (vierten!) Gerichtsvision über das Nordreich eine ursprüngliche Einheit, wahrscheinlich noch aus Amos' Feder, bildete. Vor allem die postulierte Abhängigkeit von der Berufungsvision Jes vi legt es nahe, Vision 3 und 5 frühestens ins ausgehende 7. Jh. v. Chr. zu datieren und als Ansage des Untergangs Jerusalems und des Südreiches zu werten.
CRUSTACEAN BIODIVERSITY IN ANCIENT LAKES: A REVIEW
Authors: Martens Koen , Schon Isa 
Published: July 2002

AbstractSeveral crustacean groups have produced extensive species flocks in ancient lakes. However, except for the Amphipoda in Lake Baikal, crustacean diversity per se is not significantly higher in ancient lakes than in non-marine aquatic habitats in general. Yet the degree of endemicity in such long-lived habitats is certainly higher in these crustacean groups than in the average of noncrustacean groups. Causality must thus be sought in the evolutionary biology, rather than in the ecology of the groups at issue. Several potential, intrinsic factors, possibly promoting speciation, have been cited, but thus far no singular cause for high crustacean endemicity in ancient lakes could be demonstrated. Plusieurs groupes de crustaces ont produit de vastes ensembles d'especes dans les lacs anciens. Cependant, excepte pour les amphipodes du lac Baikal, la diversite des crustaces en elle-meme n'est pas significativement plus grande dans les lacs anciens que dans les habitats aquatiques nonmarins en general. Pourtant, le degre d'endemisme dans des habitats habites de si longue date est certainement plus eleve dans les groupes de crustaces que dans la moyenne des groupes non crustaces. La cause doit alors etre recherchee dans la biologie evolutive, plutot que dans l'ecologie des groupes concernes. Plusieurs facteurs potentiels, intrinseques, pouvant induire la speciation, ont ete cites, mais pour l'instant, aucune cause particuliere n'a pu etre etablie pour expliquer l'endemisme crustaceen superieur dans les lacs anciens.
Analysis of chemosensory responses of second stage juveniles of Globodera rostochiensis using electrophysiological techniques
Authors: Rolfe Richard , Barrett John , Perry Roland 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Electrophysiological techniques were developed to obtain recordings of
electrical activity from the anterior end of live, second stage juveniles
(J2) of Globodera rostochiensis. Sequential exposure of individual J2 to
test semiochemicals was also possible using a modified perfusion system.
Concentration-dependent responses were obtained from J2 during exposure to
0.1, 1, 10 and 100 mM acetylcholine. The delay before any response was not
concentration-dependent. The responses to 10 mM concentrations of several
chemicals known to elicit a feeding response in insects were assessed. There
was a significant increase in spike activity when J2 were exposed to
D-tryptophan but glycine and citric acid elicited no responses. Exposure to
D-glutamic acid resulted in a significant increase in spike activity but
exposure to the L-isomer gave no response. This was confirmed by sequential
exposure of J2 to the L- then to the D-isomer. Exposure to potato root
diffusate elicited a response, whereas a non-host root diffusate from sugar
beet and female secretory-excretory (S-E) product caused no change in
activity. Die Analyse chemosensorischer Reaktionen von Juvenilen des zweiten
Stadiums von Globodera rostochiensis mit elektrophysiologischen Techniken -
Zur Gewinnung von Informationen über die elektrische Aktivität des
Vorderendes von Juvenilen des zweiten Stadiums (J2) von Globodera
rostochiensis wurden elektrophysiologische Untersuchungsmethoden entwickelt.
Aufeinander folgende Behandlungen einzelner J2 zur Prüfung von
Semiochemikalien wurden auch durch ein verändertes Perfusionssystem
erreicht. Bei der Behandlung von J2 mit 0.1, 1, 10 und 100 mM Acetylcholin
wurden konzentrationsabhängige Reaktionen erzielt. Die Verzögerung vor dem
Sichtbarwerden einer Reaktion war dagegen nicht konzentrationsabhängig. Es
wurden auch die Reaktionen auf 10 mM Konzentrationen mehrerer Substanzen
geprüft, die bei Insekten eine Nahrungsaufnahme auslösen. Bei D-Tryptophan
trat eine deutliche Erhöhung der Spitzenaktivität ein, bei Glycin und
Zitronensäure erfolgte keine Reaktion. Eine Behandlung mit DGlutaminsäure
erhöhte die Spitzenaktivität deutlich, nicht jedoch das L-Isomer. Diese
Beobachtung wurde bestätigt, wenn man die J2 erst dem L- und anschließend
dem D-Isomer aussetzte. Die Behandlung mit Kartoffelwurzel-Ablaufwasser rief
eine Reaktion hervor, nicht aber Wurzelextrakte des Nichtwirtes Zuckerrübe
und Produkte des sekretorisch-exkretorischen Systems von Weibchen.
Quartz cementation inhibited by crestal oil charge: Miller deep water sandstone, UK North Sea
Authors: Marchand A. M. E. , Haszeldine R. S. , Macaulay C. I. , Swennen R. , Fallick A. E. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIn the Miller Field, diagenetic quartz abundance, isotopic compositions and salinities of quartz-cementing fluids display a distinct pattern which is related to the structural depth of the reservoir sandstones. Quartz cement volumes increase from the crest of the field (average 6.0±1.5%) towards the flanks of the field (average 13.2±2.1%) and directly reduce reservoir porosity. By integrating petrographic observations with results of fluid inclusion measurements and O isotope analyses of diagenetic quartz, the pattern of quartz cementation is seen to be related to the reservoir filling history. Oil filled the crest of the reservoir first and prevented extensive quartz cementation. At greater depth in the reservoir oil zone, quartz overgrowths continued to precipitate until inhibited by the developing oil column. Oxygen isotope compositions of diagenetic quartz imply that quartz cement continued to precipitate in the water zone of the reservoir up to the present day.
Methods of laser-based stable isotope measurement applied to diagenetic cements and hydrocarbon reservoir quality
Authors: Macaulay C. I. , Fallick A. E. , Haszeldine R. S. , Graham C. M. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe stable isotopic compositions of diagenetic minerals can provide valuable constraints on the sources, precipitation temperatures and relative timing of cements in reservoir rocks. This type of information is essential when trying to understand and predict the distribution of cements in the subsurface, and their impact on reservoir quality. Conventional isotope methods contribute to answers to many diagenetic problems, but where core or time are scarce, or where good mineral separation is unobtainable, laser-based stable isotope methods offer several advantages. These include the ability to analyse carbonates, sulphides and anhydritein situwith 50–100 μm resolution, simple and clear sample and analysis viewing optics, savings on sample preparation time and greatly reduced sample size requirements.Diagenetic silicates such as quartz and clay cements cannot be analysedin situby laser but, wherein situanalysis of quartz δ18O is demanded, ion microprobe analysis can provide very high resolution (20–30 μm) capability with a precision of ±1%.
Climate, tectonics and meteoritic impact expressed by clay mineral sedimentation across the Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary at Blake Nose, Northwestern Atlantic
Authors: Martínez–Ruiz F. , Ortega-Huertas M. , Palomo I. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe ODP Leg 171B drilled a transect of four sites at Blake Nose in the NW Atlantic providing an excellent record of the K-T boundary. At the deepest, Site 1049, the boundary is marked by a 9–17 cm thick layer formed mostly of green spherules composed of Fe-rich smectite resulting from the diagenetic alteration of tektites and impact glasses. Minor amounts of authigenic zeolites and palygorskite also occur. This association represents a notable break in the clay mineral composition of Cretaceous and Tertiary sequences. The clay mineral assemblages of the Cretaceous and Tertiary sediments are dominated by inherited clays. Aluminium-rich smectite of pedogenic origin is abundant in both Cretaceous and Tertiary sediments, indicating a relatively warm and hydrolysing climate across the K-T boundary. At Hole 1049A, where the oldest sediments of the interval were analysed, an increase in kaolinite and smectite down core suggests tectonic rejuvenation and distal transport of illite and kaolinite, probably accompanied by more hydrolysing conditions during the late Maastrichtian.
Aluminium solubility characteristics of spodic B horizons containing imogolite-type materials
Authors: Gustafsson J. P. , Lumsdon D. G. , Simonsson M. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractFifteen Swedish and Finnish soil samples from spodic B horizons containing imogolite-type materials were equilibrated with dilute NaCl and HC1 at 8°C. For the NaCl extracts, apparent equilibrium with respect to an AI(OH)3 phase was reached in one to two weeks. Equilibrium with respect to an imogolite-type phase was slower, especially at large soil:solution ratios. The results show that log *Ks (gibbsite), i.e. the logarithm of the solubility constant for reactive AI(OH)3 at 8°C was ~9.40 (8.29 at 25°C) while log *Ks (imogolite) was variable; for the soil studied in most detail it was 7.66 (6.64 at 25°C) As well-ordered gibbsite rarely forms in spodic B horizons, it is suggested that Al(OH)3 and poorly-ordered allophanic materials may be slowly converted to less soluble and less reactive imogolite-type materials.
Leonite [K2Mg(SO4)2·4H2O], konyaite [Na2Mg(SO4)2·5H2O] and syngenite [K2Ca(SO4)2·H2O] fromTausoare Cave, Rodnei Mts, Romania
Authors: Onac B. P. , White W. B. , Viehmann I. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractTausoare Cave is renowned in Romania for its gypsum and mirabilite speleothems. Of interest are the white crystalline speleothems formed on the floor of the ‘Sala de Mese’ (Dining Room) that were previously described as consisting of mirabilite. The samples we collected reveal crystals of two different habits. One shows the characteristic mirabilite fibrous crystals (cotton-like speleothem) while the other formed bladed and short prismatic crystals which comprise the delicate ‘cave flowers’. The mineral association was characterized by means of X-ray analysis, scanning electron microscopy and electron microprobe. Beside thenardite (dehydration product of mirabilite) we also identified three sulphate minerals: leonite [K2Mg(SO4)2·4H2O], syngenite [K2Ca(SO4)2·H2O] and konyaite [Na2Mg(SO4)2·5H2O]. Of these, leonite and konyaite have never been reported in a cave environment. This paper describes the mineralogy of this particular sulphate deposit and offers some viewpoints on the crystallogenesis.
Nucleation environment of diamonds from Yakutian kimberlites
Authors: Bulanova G. P. , Griffin W. L. , Ryan C. G. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe micro-inclusions located in the genetic centre of Yakutian diamond monocrystals have been studied using optical (anomalous birefringence, photoluminescence, cathodoluminescence) and microanalytical (electron-microprobe, proton-microprobe, scanning electron microscope) methods. Most diamonds nucleated heterogeneously on mineral seeds, that lowered the energy barrier to nucleation. Nucleation of peridotitic diamonds occurred on a matrix of graphite+iron+wüstite, in an environment dominated by forsteritic olivine and Fe-Ni sulfide. Nucleation of eclogitic diamonds occurred on a matrix of sulfide ± iron in an environment dominated by Fe-sulfide and omphacite (±-K-Na-Al-Si-melt). The mineral assemblages recorded in the central inclusions of Yakutian diamonds indicate that they grew in a reduced environment, with oxygen fugacity controlled by the iron-wüstite equilibrium. Nucleation of diamond occurred in the presence of a fluid, possibly a volatile-rich silicate melt, highly enriched in LIL (K, Ba, Rb, Sr) and HFSE (Nb, Ti, Zr) elements. This fluid also carried immiscible Fe-Ni-sulfide melts, and possibly a carbonatitic component; the introduction of this fluid into a reduced refractory environment may have been accompanied by a thermal pulse, and may have created the conditions necessary for the nucleation and growth of diamond.
Stability of F-Ti-phlogopite in the system phlogopite–sillimanite–quartz: an experimental study of dehydration melting in H2O-saturated and undersaturated conditions
Authors: Tareen J. A. K. , Keshava Prasad A. V. , Basavalingu B. , Ganesha A. V. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractMelt generation during granulite-grade metamorphism is believed to be controlled by the stability temperatures of biotite, whose breakdown provides H2O and controls fluid-absent melting in the lower crust. In a simple KMASH system, the restite minerals crystallising due to incongruent melting of phlogopite depend upon the bulk composition. In an alumina-poor and silica-rich portion of the system (Phl + Qtz), enstatite appears with the melt, while in an alumina-rich system (Phl + Sil + Qtz) cordierite appears first instead of enstatite. Since the temperature of biotite stability is believed to be strongly controlled by its F and Ti content, it will have significant effect on the fluid-absent melting reactions during granulite-grade metamorphism of mica-containing granites as well as pelitic rocks in the deeper crust.To understand such effects in an aluminous portion of the KMASH system, experiments were performed (between 850 and 1100°C and at 7, 10 and 12 kbar) with bulk composition containing 2Phl-6Sil- 9Qtz, where natural phlogopite with F/(F+OH) = 0.39 and Mg/(Mg+Fe) = 0.96 was used. In runs with this charge and containing 5 wt.% of excess water, cordierite appeared around 920°C at 7 kbar and 990°C at 12 kbar, and it disappeared at about 1080°C with the appearance of 221 sapphirine. In fluid-absent runs, these boundaries marginally shift to higher temperatures (30-50°C). The enstatite which was distinctly absent in H2O-saturated runs, crystallises in the high-temperature sapphirine field with up to 12 wt.% Al2O3 in H2O-undersaturated runs. The enstatite formation with cordierite is perhaps inhibited due to the Al consumption by cordierite and instability of Al-free enstatite at temperatures of cordierite stability. Re-equilibrated phlogopite persists in both the cordierite and sapphirine fields. The temperatures of the beginning of phlogopite breakdown are about 100-140°C above those reported for reaction Phl + Qtz → En + Sa + L (Vielzeuf and Clemens, 1992) with F and Ti-free phlogopite, but are ≈50–100°C lower than the temperatures reported (Tareen et al., 1995; Dooley and Patino Douce, 1996) for the same reaction containing F- and Ti- bearing phlogopite. The combined effect of the F and Ti content in phlogopite on its stability temperatures in the KMASH system has been found to be additive in relation to those containing only F or Ti. H2O-saturated runs produced per-aluminous melts with ≈27 wt.% Al2O3 in the cordierite field and ≈23% Al2O3 in the sapphirine field. The H2O-undersaturated runs produced melts rich in K2O (≈10 wt.%), SiO2 (72.5 wt.%) and relatively poor Al2O3 (12 wt.%).
Zussmanite in ferruginous metasediments from Southern Central Chile
Authors: Massonne H.-J. , Hervé F. , Medenbach O. , Muñoz V. , Willner A. P. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractZussmanite KFe13[AlSi17O42](OH)14, a modulated 2:1 layer silicate, has so far been found only in iron-rich metasediments from Laytonville, California (Agrell et al.), 1965). A new occurrence is reported here from Punta Nihue north of Valdivia, Chile, in banded stilpnomelane-schists. These are intercalated in the ‘Western Series’, a complex of low-grade metamorphic rocks with local high-pressure, low-temperature overprint (e.g. blueschists).The rock contains conspicuous porphyroblasts of zussmanite of mm size and is composed of chemically distinct bands with the subsequent assemblages: (1) zussmanite-stilpnomelane-quartz, (2) siderite-quartz±stilpnomelane (3) apatite-stilpnomelane-quartz±siderite. The chemical composition of zussmanite, (K0.80Na0.05Ba0.01)(Fe11.292+Mg1.11Mn0.25Fe0.143+Cr0.01Al0.19Ti0.01)[Al1.23Si16.77O42](OH)14, its optical properties and X-ray data correlate well with the Californian occurrence. Additionally, we present new IR data. In type (2) bands of fine-grained crystals of a K,Al poor mineral formed from siderite and quartz. Its chemical composition is close to that of zussmanite. A similar phase was also reported from Laytonville, California (Muir Wood, 1980).The rarity of rock-forming zussmanite can be explained by its occurrence in strongly Fe-rich and reduced rocks, as well as, by a possibly narrow P-T stability field.
Recent examples of cathodoluminescence as a probe of surface structure and composition
Authors: Townsend P. D. , Karali T. , Rowlands A. P. , Smith V. A. , Vazquez G. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractCathodoluminescence (CL) provides a sensitive analytical probe of the near-surface region of insulating materials, and some new examples of the strengths of the technique are presented using recent data from the University of Sussex. Analysis of float glass shows that by spectral and lifetime resolved data it is possible to separate the emission bands from excitonic, intrinsic imperfections, and impurities in various valence states, as a function of their depth beneath the surface. Correlation of the CL data with those from Mössbauer, ion beam and other analyses then provides the basis for models of the defect sites. CL from a second glass, ZBLAN, reveals the presence of microcrystallites and growth defects, and the work underpins confidence in the high purity gas levitation method of ZBLAN production. New results on CL of wavelength shifts with crystal field of Mn in carbonates are presented, and of Nd emission from Nd:YAG. The effects are directly linked to surface damage and dislocations caused by sample preparation steps of cutting and polishing. Methods to minimise the damage, by furnace or pulsed laser annealing, and chemical routes, are mentioned. Such surface preparation damage has a profound effect on all CL monitoring, whether for fundamental studies or mineralogical applications. Finally, a route to eliminate such problems is demonstrated, with consequent improvements in luminescence, transmission and laser performance of surface waveguides. The implications of improved surface quality range widely from mineralogical CL imaging through improved photonic materials and epitaxial growth to elimination of surface damage, and additional information.
Red blood cells inhibit activation-induced cell death and oxidative stress in human peripheral blood T lymphocytes
Authors: Fonseca Ana Mafalda , Porto Graça , Uchida Koji , Arosa Fernando A. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractRed blood cells (RBCs) are known to perform one prominent function: to carry and deliver oxygen to the tissues. Earlier studies, however, suggested a role for RBCs in potentiating T-cell proliferation in vitro. Here it is shown that the presence of RBCs in cultures of stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes strengthens T-cell proliferation and survival. Analysis of phosphatidylserine externalization and DNA fragmentation showed that RBCs inhibit T-cell apoptosis. This inhibition correlated with a reduction in CD71 but not CD95 expression. RBCs enhanced T-cell proliferation and survival upon activation with phytohemagglutinin and with OKT3 antibodies. Studies aimed at characterizing the cellular and molecular basis of the protection afforded to T cells by RBCs showed that (1) optimal protection required intact RBCs and red cell/T-cell contact but not monocytes; (2) RBCs markedly reduced the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species; and (3) RBCs inhibited the formation of protein-bound acrolein, a peroxidation adduct in biologic systems. Overall, these data indicate that human RBCs protect T cells from activation-induced cell death, at least in part by reducing the pro-oxidant state, and suggest a role for RBCs as conceivable modulators of T-cell homeostasis.
The interleukin-13 receptor α2 chain: an essential component for binding and internalization but not for interleukin-13–induced signal transduction through the STAT6 pathway
Authors: Kawakami Koji , Taguchi Jun , Murata Takashi , Puri Raj K. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe interleukin-13 receptor (IL-13R) complex is composed of 2 different chains, IL-13Rα1 (also known as IL-13Rα′) and IL-13Rα2 (also known as IL-13Rα). For a functional IL-13 receptor, the IL-13Rα1 chain forms a productive complex with the primary IL-4 binding protein (IL-4Rα also known as IL-4Rβ). However, the function of the IL-13Rα2 chain is not clear even though this chain binds IL-13 with high affinity. This study demonstrates that IL-13Rα2 can undergo internalization after binding to ligand without causing activation of its signaling pathways. These conclusions were drawn on the basis of (1) internalization of 125I–IL-13 in Chinese hamster ovarian (CHO-K1) and T98G glioblastoma cells transiently transfected with the IL-13Rα2 chain; (2) a recombinant chimeric fusion protein comprising IL-13 and a mutated form ofPseudomonas exotoxin (termed IL13-PE38QQR or IL-13 toxin) is specifically cytotoxic to IL-13Rα2–transfected CHO-K1 cells in a gene dose-dependent manner, whereas cells transfected with vector alone were not sensitive; and (3) IL-13 did not cause activation of signal transduction and activation of transcription 6 (STAT6) in IL-13Rα2–transfected cells. IL-13 efficiently caused activation of STAT6 protein in cells transfected with the IL-13Rα1 and IL-4Rα chains, and IL-13Rα2 inhibited this activation. Taken together, these observations indicate that internalization of IL-13Rα2 is signal independent and that this property of IL-13Rα2 can be exploited for receptor-directed cancer therapy.