bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern and Distribution of coa Genes in Coagulase-negative S. aureus from Ahvaz, Iran
Authors: Shahmohammadi Saeed , Sheikh Ahmad Farajzadeh , Shahin Mojtaba , Mir Iman 
Published: August 2018

Background:
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the important causes of clinical infections
that can be more destructive by its antibiotic resistant strains.

Objective:
This study aimed to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern and distribution of
mecA and coa genes in clinical isolates of S. aureus.

Methods:
Two hundred seventy-three specimens suspected to S. aureus were taken from hospitals
of Ahvaz, southwest of Iran. Isolates were identified by standard microbiologic tests and confirmed
by the molecular method. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out by disk diffusion
method. The presence of mecA and coa genes was determined by PCR method.

Results:
Of a total of 200 isolates which were tested for coagulase tube test, 143 (71.5%) showed
coagulase positive, and 57 (28.5%) showed a coagulase-negative reaction. Antibacterial susceptibility
pattern of 200 S. aureus isolates showed the highest and lowest susceptibility rate to linezolid
(98%) and ciprofloxacin (42%), respectively. The prevalence of methicillin-resistant S.
aureus (MRSA) by detection of mecA gene was estimated as 47.5 % (95/200), of which the rate of
MRSA in coagulase positive and negative isolates was 35% (50/143), and 65% (45/57), respectively.
Meanwhile, coa gene was detected in 100% of coagulase positive and 28.1% of coagulasenegative
isolates.

Conclusion:
The results of this study showed that the number of atypical CNSA in our area is
high. Since the coagulase test is an essential test for diagnosis of S. aureus, our findings regarding
the emergence of CNSA are a warning about the misdiagnosis and selection of appropriate treatment
approach for S. aureus isolates.
Human and Animal Fascioliasis in Iran: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Bahmaninejad P. , Abdi J. , Valizadeh R. 
Published: August 2018

Objective:
The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of fascioliasis
in humans, cattle, sheep, and goats, done by a systematic review in Iran.

Methods:
Fifty articles were extracted including Iranian papers such as Google scholar,
Magiran, Iran Medex, SID, and Pubmed. Out of these, 21 articles were selected for
meta-analysis. Essential information for meta-analysis was extracted from papers and
archived in Excel software for calculating by statistical analysis. The variance of each
study was obtained using the binomial distribution. Heterogeneity of the studies was
surveyed using I2 index. Data were analyzed using a random effect model.

Results:
Of 21 collected papers, 1,275,506 samples from cow (507,152), sheep
(454,882), goat (207,925), and human (105,547) had been surveyed in Iran. Eight studies
were conducted on humans and 13 on animals. The prevalence rate obtained in humans
was 3% with a confidence interval (CI) of 95% (1%–7%). Prevalence rate obtained
in cows, sheep, and goats was 13% with CI of 95% (10%–16%). The highest
level of prevalence was reported from cities in the North in animals with a prevalence of
14%. The highest level of prevalence was reported from Gilan in humans with a prevalence
of 0.1%.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of the Fascioliasis in Iran has reduced in recent years, But
the importance of the disease has not reduced and there is a possibility of an epidemic.
Furthermore, in many cities of Iran, there is no study on the disease.
Bioinformatic Analysis Reveals Key Genes and Pathways in Aging Brain of Senescence-accelerated Mouse P8 (SAMP8)
Authors: Li Jiaqi , Zhou Yuzhi , Du Guanhua , Qin Xuemei , Gao Li 
Published: August 2018

Background:
Aging is a complex process accompanied with the decline of the different
physiological functions. Numerous differentially expressed genes (DEGs) have been found in the aging
brain of senescence-accelerated mouse P8 (SAMP8), however, it was challenging to screen out the
crucial ones.

Objective:
This study aimed to explore the crucial genes and pathways in aging brain of SAMP8 mice,
which would be beneficial for understanding the pathogenesis of brain aging.

Methods:
Firstly, 430 genes that are differentially expressed in SAMP8 mice versus SAMR1 mice
were obtained from 9 gene expression studies, and gene-gene network was constructed. Clustering
analysis and topological analysis were used to single out the hub genes from this network. Secondly,
pathway enrichment analysis was utilized to identify the key pathways from the 430 DEGs, and the
DEGs in key pathways were considered as functional genes. Thirdly, the inner-network between hub
genes and functional genes was constructed, and the key genes were predicted. Parts of the key genes
were experimentally verified by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and the associated transcription
factors (TFs) were predicted.

Results:
Our results revealed that 12 crucial genes might affect brain aging, including Trp53, Bcl2,
Tnf, Casp9, Fos, Il6, Ptgs2, Il1b, Bdnf, Cdkn1a, Pik3c3, Rps6ka1, among which Casp9, Fos, Ptgs2,
Cdkn1a, Pik3c3, and Rps6ka1 had been verified by qRT-PCR in 10-moth-old SAMP8 mice. Five
functional groups including mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, neurotrophin
signaling pathway, Hepatitis B, Alzheimer's disease and Oxytocin signaling pathway were significantly
changed during aging process in SAMP8 mice. Two key transcription factors of c-Fos and
C/EBPbeta were predicted by constructing a TF-target gene network.

Conclusion:
These putative genes and pathways are closely related to brain senescence and our results
would gain new insight into the pathogenesis of brain aging.
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) for Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Peixoto Clayton , Grande Antonio Jose , Mallmann Mariana Bonotto , Nardi Antonio Egídio , Cardoso Adriana , Veras André Barciela 
Published: August 2018

Background:
Depression is a mental disorder that affects a large part of the world's population.
DHEA is a hormone that has long been attributed to the ability to improve depressive symptoms. However,
few studies were conducted with depression individuals not resulting from other medical conditions.

Objective:
To investigate whether DHEA is more effective than placebo in the treatment of depressive
symptoms in subjects with depression not resulting from other psychiatric or medical comorbidities.

Methods:
An electronic search was carried out using the keywords Dehydroepiandrosterone (Mesh)
AND Depression (Mesh) in the following databases: Medical Literature databases Analysis and Retrieval
System Online (Medline), Excerpta Medical Database (EMBASE), Latin American and Caribbean
Health Sciences (LILACS) and the Cochrane Library through their website for relevant publications
until June 2018. Only randomized clinical trials were included. The critical appraisal of the articles
was performed using the Risk of Bias Tool from Cochrane Collaboration.

Results:
The meta-analysis applied in this review pointed to a significant effect in favor of treatment
with DHEA compared to placebo.

Conclusion:
DHEA may be one more effective alternative between the drugs used in the treatment of
depression.
Aluminium Adjuvants – A Nanomaterial used as Adjuvants in Human Vaccines for Decades
Authors: Danielsson Ravi , Sandberg Tove , Eriksson Håkan 
Published: August 2018

Background:Aluminium salts have been used for decades in vaccines as adjuvants to facilitate the adaptive immune response against co-administered antigens. Two types of aluminium adjuvant are mostly used, aluminium oxyhydroxide and aluminium hydroxyphosphate. Both types of aluminium adjuvant consist of nanoparticles that form loose, micrometre sized aggregates at circumneutral pH.Aluminium adjuvants constitute a well-documented example of administration of nanomaterials to humans with infrequent side effects and a safety record generally regarded as excellent. However, despite its prolonged use in human and veterinary medicine, the mechanisms behind the enhanced response and the immune stimulatory effect are still by and large unknown.Methods:The present paper reviews existing ideas regarding the immunostimulatory effects of aluminium adjuvants, with a focus on the induction of an inflammatory response by cellular stress. Reviewed information was obtained from peer-reviewed scientific papers published in 1988 to date with one exception, a paper published 1931.Results:Cellular stress causes extra cellular signalling of Danger Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) and upon phagocytosis of aluminium adjuvants the cells need to manage the ingested particles.Conclusion:A persistent intracellular accumulation of aluminium adjuvants will be a solid depository of sparingly soluble aluminium salts maintaining a constant concentration of Al3+ions in the cytoplasm and this will affect multiple biochemical processes. The cell will be under constant stress and DAMP signalling will occur and we would like to suggest the maintenance of a constant concentration Al3+ions in the cytoplasm as a general underlying feature of the immune stimulation properties of aluminium adjuvants.
Effect oF β-Alanine on The Preparation of 4-Ethoxy-Cinnamic Acid
Authors: Hoai N. T. , Ngoc Tran Thi Yen , Nam Nguyen Dang , Thuy Tran Thu , Trang Cao Thi Thu , Hai Nguyen Duy , Nguyen Truong Khoi 
Published: August 2018

Objective:Cinnamic acid and its derivatives have a numerous potential applications in many different fields such as pharmacy, organic “building blocks”, and corrosion inhibitors.Method:It is well-known that Verley-Doebner modification is a high efficient method for the preparation of cinnamic acid derivaties, especially with the compounds containing electron-donating subtituents at para position in aromatic ring. In this paper, 4-ethoxy-cinnamic acid was synthesized according to Verley-Doebner reaction with the use of pyrine acting as catalyst and solvent. The effect of the β-alanine concentration on the conversion of the starting material of 4-ethoxy-benzaldehyde was thoroughly investigated using high performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that consuming of 8% of β-alanine would convert 100% of 4-ethoxy-benzaldehyde to 4-ethoxy-cinnamic acid.Result:The structure of the obtained 4-ethoxy-cinnamic acid was also confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and Gas chromatography-Mass spectroscopy.Cinnamic acid and its derivatives have numerous potential applications in many different fields such as pharmacy, organic “building blocks”, and corrosion inhibitors. It is well-known that Verley-Doebner modification is a high efficient method for the preparation of cinnamic acid derivaties, especially with the compounds containing electron-donating subtituents at para position in aromatic ring. In this paper, 4-ethoxy-cinnamic acid was synthesized according to Verley-Doebner reaction with the use of pyrine acting as catalyst and solvent. The effect of the β-alanine concentration on the conversion of the starting material of 4-ethoxy-benzaldehyde was thoroughly investigated using high performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that consuming 8% of β-alanine would convert 100% of 4-ethoxy-benzaldehyde to 4-ethoxy-cinnamic acid. The structure of the obtained 4-ethoxy-cinnamic acid was also confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and Gas chromatography-Mass spectroscopy.
Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in 1.0 M HCl Solution by Anhydrous Tricalcium Phosphate
Authors: Chafki L. , Rifi E.H. , Touir R. , Touhami M. Ebn , Hatim Z. 
Published: August 2018

Objective:In this study, electrochemical measurements were used to characterize Anhydrous Tricalcium Phosphate (ATP) as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 1.0 M HCl.Method:The potentiodynamic polarization curves indicated that the ATP reacts as an anodic type inhibitor. In addition, it has been found that the electrochemical impedance confirms the inhibitor character of ATP obtained by the potentiodynamic polarization curves where the inhibition efficiency increases by its concentration to reach a maximum of 93.79 % at 10-4M. The temperature solution influence indicated that the corrosion rate increases with temperature while the inhibitor acts actively. Thermodynamic adsorption and activation parameters indicated that the ATP acts by physical adsorption on the metallic surface with an endothermic process of metal dissolution.Result:Additionally, it was found that the adsorption of ATP molecules obeyed to the Langmuir isotherm. Surface analyses via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the morphology of mild steel before and after immersion in 1.0 M HCl solution without and with 10-4M of ATP. It is revealed that the ATP acted by the formation of a protective layer on the mild steel.
Behavior of High Strength Hybrid Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams under Monotonic and Repeated Loading
Authors: Hassan Sawsan Akram , Mhebs Ansam Hassan 
Published: August 2018

Introduction:This study presents the experimental and analytical investigation of the behavior of high strength hybrid reinforced concrete deep beams under monotonic and repeated two-point load. The idea of hybrid in this work is different. Two types of concrete were used in beam but not in cross-section. The first type was the Fibrous High Strength Concrete (FHSC) at shear spans for enhancing shear capacity against cracking due to diagonal strut failure (by adding Steel Fiber (SF) in that regions), while the second type was the Conventional High Strength Concrete (CHSC) at the mid-portion between the two strengthened shear spans.Methods:The experimental work included the casting and testing of ten deep beams. Five among the beams were tested under monotonic loading (control beams) and other beams were tested under repeated loading at the level of 75% of ultimate load of control beams. The effect of some selected parameters as the type of load, the hybrid and non-hybrid beams, the compressive strength of concrete (fʹc) (normal and high) and the amount of web reinforcement (ρw) were studied in terms of crack patterns, ultimate load and load versus midspan deflection.Results and Conclusion:From the experimental test results, when beam cast with fibrous with SF of 1% concrete along entire length, the ultimate load of 10.96% increased as compared with hybrid beam. And it was observed to increase as much as 32.78% as compared with beam cast from conventional high strength concrete under monotonic loading. Under repeated loading of 75% control ultimate load, the ultimate load for beam cast with fibrous concrete along entire length increased as much as 15.32% as compared with hybrid beam. And it was seen to increase 36.17% as compared with the beam cast from conventional high strength concrete. The percentage increase in ultimate load of hybrid (SF ratio 1%) deep beam cast with high strength concrete became 97.3% as compared with the identical beam cast with normal strength concrete under monotonic loading and (98.21%) under repeated loading (load 75% control beam load). The percentage increase as ultimate load for hybrid beam cast with SF ratio 1% was 9.62% as compared with hybrid beam with SF ratio 0%. As the web reinforcement increased from 0 to 0.004 and from 0 to 0.006, the percentage increased in the ultimate load as 28.07% and 57.89%, under monotonic loading as 26.14% and 59.09%, under repeated loading.Then, Strut and Tie model (STM) procedures were used to analyze the experimentally tested hybrid deep beams under monotonic loading of the present investigation. Comparison of experimental results was made with corresponding predicted values using the STM procedure presented of ACI 318R-14 Code and with other procedures
The Association between Ponticulus Posticus and Dental Agenesis: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Putrino Alessandra , Leonardi Rosa Maria , Barbato Ersilia , Galluccio Gabriella 
Published: August 2018

Objective:
Neural tube defects may increase the risk of an abnormal development of skull, vertebral column and teeth formation, including dental agenesis in non syndromic patients. The association between the presence of a congenital Dental Agenesis (DA) and the Atlantooccipital Ligament (AOL) calcification, known as “Ponticulus Posticus” (PP), as possible links can be investigated.

Design:
After a systematic review of the scientific literature on this topic, two independent examiners assessed the AOL calcification in lateral cephalograms of 350 non syndromic patients(7-21 years old). The results were compared with a control group (non syndromic patients, without congenital missing teeth).

Results:
The 16.3% of the population studied by cephalometric analysis revealed a prevalence rate of PP (both complete and partial) with a slight male predominance is seen, not statistically significant (χ square test = 0.09; p= 0.76). In both sexes complete PP is more observed. In the patients affected by DA the frequency of PP is the 66.6% (both complete than partial). The χ square test with Yates correction showed a significative difference(χ= 66.20; p value= 0.00) between PP in patients with DA compared to not affected by DA.

Conclusions:
PP is not an uncommon anomaly. Since orofacial pain like migraine and other symptoms are often associated to PP, during routine radiographic examination, if detected, it should be documented in patients’ health record and with symptoms, further investigation should be sought for. These findings encourage to think there’s an association between DA in non syndromic patients and neuro-crestal cells defects.
The Periodontium as a Potential Cause of Orofacial Pain: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Miranda-Rius Jaume , Brunet-Llobet Lluís , Lahor-Soler Eduard 
Published: August 2018

Introduction:
Orofacial pain of periodontal origin has a wide range of causes, and its high prevalence and negative effect on patients' quality of life make intervention mandatory. This review provides a periodontological overview of the field of orofacial pain, focusing on the entities which involve the periodontal tissues and may be the cause of this pain or discomfort.

Methods:
The study comprised a literature search of these pathologies conducted in the MEDLINE/PubMed Database. Acute infectious entities such as gingival and periodontal abscesses are emergencies that require a rapid response. Periodontitis associated with endodontic processes, necrotizing periodontal disorders, desquamative gingivitis, gingival recession, and mucogingival herpetic lesions, cause mild to severe pain due to tissue destruction and loss. Other lesions that lead to periodontal discomfort include gingival enlargement and periodontal ligament strains associated with occlusal trauma, parafunctional habit and the impaction of food or foreign bodies.

Conclusion:
A range of therapeutic, pharmacological and surgical alternatives are available for the management of these injuries. However, the wide variety of causes of orofacial pain or periodontal discomfort may confuse the clinician during diagnosis and may lead to the wrong choice of treatment.
Peri-Implant Bone Loss at Implants Placed in Preserved Alveolar Bone Versus Implants Placed in Native Bone: A Retrospective Radiographic Study
Authors: Quoc Johann Bui , Vang Aurélie , Evrard Laurence 
Published: August 2018

Objectives:
The aim of our study was to compare peri-implant bone loss at implants placed in alveolar sockets filled with a particulate allogenous bone graft (DFDBA 300-500 µm) and platelet concentrates versus at implants placed in the native bone.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective clinical study was performed. A total of 84 patients were included with 247 implants for the restoration of mono and pluri-radicular teeth: 169 implants in native bone and 78 in socket-grafted bone. The peri-implant bone loss was measured by 2 independent operators at 6 and 12 months.

Results:
The overall mesial and distal peri-implant bone losses were 0.9 ± 0.7 mm and 0.9 ± 0.8 mm at 6 months, respectively, and 1 ± 0.65 mm and 1.2 ± 0.9 mm at 12 months, respectively. In the tested group, the bone loss was 0.8 ± 0.8 mm at 6 months and 1.2 ± 0.9 mm at 12 months. In the control group, the bone loss was 1.0 ± 0.7 mm at 6 months and 0.95 ± 0.6 mm at 12 months. There were no statistically significant differences in bone loss between the two groups. Taking both groups together, there were no statistically significant difference in bone loss between patients with or without histories of periodontitis, but there was a statistically significant difference in bone loss between the mandible and maxilla as well as between unitary and total edentations and between partially and total edentulous patients.

Conclusion:
At 6 and 12 months, the peri-implant bone loss in sockets preserved with DFDBA and platelet concentrates was similar to the peri-implant bone loss in native bone.
Greenhouse Gas Emission, Rainfall and Crop Production Over North-Western India
Authors: Kumar Vinay , Jana Sudip , Bhardwaj Amit , Deepa R. , Sahu Saroj Kumar , Pradhan P. K. , Sirdas Sevinc A. 
Published: August 2018

Background:
This study is based on datasets acquired from multi sources e.g. rain-gauges, satellite, reanalysis and coupled model for the region of Northwestern India. The influence of rainfall on crop production is obvious and direct. With the climate change and global warming, greenhouse gases are also showing an adverse impact on crop production. Greenhouse gases (e.g. CO2, NO2 and CH4) have shown an increasing trend over Northwestern Indian region. In recent years, rainfall has also shown an increasing trend over Northwestern India, while the production of rice and maize are reducing over the region. From eight selected sites, over Northwestern India, where rice and maize productions have reduced by 40%, with an increase in CO2, NO2 and CH4 gas emission by 5% from 1998 to 2011.

Results:
The correlation from one year to another between rainfall, gas emission and crop production was not very robust throughout the study period, but seemed to be stronger for some years than others.

Conclusion:
Such trends and crop yield are attributed to rainfall, greenhouse gas emissions and to the climate variability.
Nontypable Haemophilus influenzae Septicemia and Urinary Tract Infection Associated with Renal Stone Disease
Authors: Stærk Marianne , Tolouee Sara A. , Christensen Jens J. 
Published: August 2018

Introduction:

Haemophilus influenzae commonly causes upper respiratory tract infections and has only rarely been reported etiology of urinary tract infections. Since the introduction of the Haemophilus influenzae b (Hib) vaccine, non-typable haemophilus species now cause the majority of invasive disease in Europe.

Case Report:
We report a case of an adult man with non-typable Haemophilus influenzae septicemia, urinary tract infection and bilateral renal stone disease. The patient presented with right sided flank pain and a CT scan showed bilateral renal stones and a right sided ureteral stone causing obstruction.

Results and Discussion:

Haemophilus influenzae was identified in blood and urine and despite a tendency of increasing antibiotic resistance among Haemophilus influenzae, our strain was susceptible to all antibiotics tested. Treatment consisted of 3 days of intravenous cefuroxime, insertion of a right sided JJ ureteric stent and 5 days of peroral ciprofloxacin after discharge. Physicians and microbiologists should be aware of Haemophilus influenzae as a possible urinary tract pathogen, especially when urinary tract abnormalities are present, and take the risk of antibiotic resistance into consideration at initial treatment.