bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in secondary metabolites, organic acids and soluble sugars during the development of plum fruit cv. ‘Furongli’ (Prunus salicina Lindl)
Authors: Jiang Cui‐Cui , Fang Zhi‐Zhen , Zhou Dan‐Rong , Pan Shao‐Lin , Ye Xin‐Fu 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDOrganic acids, sugars and pigments are key components that determine the taste and flavor of plum fruit. However, metabolism of organic acid and sugar is not fully understood during the development of plum fruit cv. ‘Furongli’.RESULTSMature fruit of ‘Furongli’ has the highest content of anthocyanins and the lowest content of total phenol compounds and flavonoids. Malate is the predominant organic acid anion in ‘Furongli’ fruit, followed by citrate and isocitrate. Glucose was the predominant sugar form, followed by fructose and sucrose. Correlation analysis indicated that malate content increased with increasing phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) activity and decreasing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide–malate dehydrogenase (NAD‐MDH) activity. Citrate and isocitrate content increased with increasing PEPC and aconitase (ACO) activities, respectively. Both acid invertase and neutral invertase had higher activities at the early stage than later stage of fruit development. Fructose content decreased with increasing phosphoglucoisomerase (PGI) activity, whereas glucose content increased with decreasing hexokinase (HK) activity.CONCLUSIONDynamics in organic acid anions were not solely controlled by a single enzyme but regulated by the integrated activity of enzymes such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate–malic enzyme (NADP‐ME), NAD‐ME, PEPC, ACO and NADP–isocitrate dehydrogenase. Sugar metabolism enzymes such as PGI, invertase and HK may play vital roles in the regulation of individual sugar metabolic processes. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Development of an analytical strategy to identify and classify the global chemical constituents of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen by using UHPLC with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry combined with multiple data‐processing approaches
Authors: Zhu Xiaochai , Liu Xiao , Pei Ke , Duan Yu , Zhu Hui , Ma Jia , Xu Yinghui , Wu Zejun , Zhou Qigang , Cai Baochang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAccording to traditional Chinese medical theory, Ziziphi Spinosae Semen needs to be stir‐fried before clinical application for its sedative‐hypnotic effect enhancement. A rapid and comprehensive analysis strategy of ultra high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry and multiple data analysis platforms was developed for the efficient and sensitive identification of components in crude and parched Ziziphi Spinosae Semen to explore the composition changes that happen during the stir‐frying process. Both positive and negative ion modes were applied for mass spectrometry detection, and 40 components were identified from crude and parched Ziziphi Spinosae Semen, respectively. Principal component analysis and t‐test were applied to find differences between crude and parched Ziziphi Spinosae Semen. As a result, Ziziphi Spinosae Semen samples could be clearly divided into two groups according to their processing methods, and 19 key markers that contributed to the classification significantly (P < 0.05) were found. This kind of change in contents of components might be responsible for the recommended clinical application of parched Ziziphi Spinosae Semen.
Biosynthesis of Oxylipins by Rhizoctonia solani with Allene Oxide and Oleate 8S,9S‐Diol Synthase Activities
Authors: Oliw Ernst H. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractOxylipin biosynthesis by fungi is catalyzed by both the lipoxygenase (LOX) family and the linoleate diol synthase (LDS) family of the peroxidase‐cyclooxygenase superfamily. Rhizoctonia solani, a pathogenic fungus, infects staple crops such as potato and rice. The genome predicts three genes with 9–13 introns, which code for tentative dioxygenase (DOX)–cytochrome P450 fusion enzymes of the LDS family, and one gene, which might code for a 13‐LOX. The objective was to determine whether mycelia or nitrogen powder of mycelia oxidized unsaturated C18 fatty acids to LDS‐ or LOX‐related metabolites. Mycelia converted 18:2n‐6 to 8R‐hydroxy‐9Z,12Z‐octadecadienoic acid and to an α‐ketol, 9S‐hydroxy‐10‐oxo‐12Z‐octadecenoic acid. In addition to these metabolites, nitrogen powder of mycelia oxidized 18:2n‐6 to 9S‐hydroperoxy‐10E, 12Z‐octadecadienoic, and 13S‐hydroperoxy‐9Z,11E‐octadecadienoic acids; the latter was likely formed by the predicted 13‐LOX. 18:1n‐9 was transformed into 8S‐hydroperoxy‐9Z‐octadecenoic and into 8S,9S‐dihydroxy‐10E‐octadecenoic acids, indicating the expression of 8,9‐diol synthase. The allene oxide, 9S(10)epoxy‐10,12Z‐octadecadienoic acid, is unstable and decomposes rapidly to the α‐ketol above, indicating biosynthesis by 9S‐DOX‐allene oxide synthase. This allene oxide and α‐ketol are also formed by potato stolons, which illustrates catalytic similarities between the plant host and fungal pathogen.
Highly soluble phenylethynyl‐terminated imides derived from mellophanic dianhydride (MPDA)
Authors: Li Hanyuan , Wang Wei , Chen Guofei , Chen Xiaoqi , Li Yantao , Zhou Haijun , Fang Xingzhong 
Published: July 2018

Novel highly soluble phenylethynyl‐endcapped oligoimides with different calculated molecular weights were prepared by using mellophanic dianhydride and bis(4‐amino‐2‐trifluoromethylphenyl)ether in the presence of 4‐phenylethynyl phthalic anhydride as the reactive endcapping agent. The effect of molecular weights of the aromatic oligoimides on their solubility and processability as well as the thermal and mechanical properties of the thermal‐cured polyimides was fully investigated. This kind of phenylethynyl‐terminated imides exhibited excellent comprehensive properties. Most importantly, a big progress has been made in the solubility of the oligoimides in this paper. Most of the oligoimides showed excellent solubility (more than 33 wt%) even in acetone, which was reported for the first time. And oligoimides with appropriate molecular weights also showed very good processability with minimum melt viscosities no higher than 120 Pa·s by the rheological study. After thermally curing at 370°C for 1 hour, the cured flexible films showed very high glass transition temperatures up to 392°C by dynamic mechanical analysis, and the temperature of 5% weight loss was higher than 500°C in both air and N2 atmosphere by thermogravimetric analysis. The cured films also exhibited very good toughness with elongation up to 9%.
Application of genome analysis strategies in the clinical testing for pediatric diseases
Authors: Jin Yaqiong , Zhang Li , Ning Baitang , Hong Huixiao , Xiao Wenming , Tong Weida , Tao Yiran , Ni Xin , Shi Tieliu , Guo Yongli 
Published: July 2018

AbstractNext‐generation sequencing (NGS) is being used in clinical testing. Government authorities in both China and the United States are overseeing the clinical application of NGS instruments and reagents. In addition, the US Association for Molecular Pathology and the College of American Pathologists have jointly released a guidance to standardize the analysis and interpretation of NGS data involved in clinical testing. At present, the analysis strategies and pipelines for NGS data related to the clinical detection of pediatric disease are similar to those used for adult diseases. However, for rare pediatric diseases without linkage to known genetic variants, it is currently difficult to detect the relevant pathogenic genes using NGS technology. Additionally, it is challenging to identify novel pathogenic genes of familial pediatric tumors. Therefore, characterization of the pathogenic genes associated with above diseases is important for the diagnosis and treatment of rare diseases in children. This article introduces the general pipelines for NGS data analyses of diseases and elucidates data analysis strategies for the pathogenic genes of rare pediatric diseases and familial pediatric tumors.
Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Biological Processes and Responses of the BacteriumDesulfovibrio desulfuricansND132 upon Deletion of Its Mercury Methylation Genes
Authors: Qian Chen , Chen Hongmei , Johs Alexander , Lu Xia , An Jing , Pierce Eric M. , Parks Jerry M. , Elias Dwayne A. , Hettich Robert L. , Gu Baohua 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRecent studies of microbial mercury (Hg) methylation revealed a key gene pair,hgcAB, which is essential for methylmercury (MeHg) production in the environment. However, many aspects of the mechanism and biological processes underlying Hg methylation, as well as any additional physiological functions of thehgcABgenes, remain unknown. Here, quantitative proteomics are used to identify changes in potential functional processes related tohgcABgene deletion in the Hg‐methylating bacteriumDesulfovibrio desulfuricansND132. Global proteomics analyses indicate that the wild type and ΔhgcABstrains are similar with respect to the whole proteome and the identified number of proteins, but differ significantly in the abundance of specific proteins. The authors observe changes in the abundance of proteins related to the glycolysis pathway and one‐carbon metabolism, suggesting that thehgcABgene pair is linked to carbon metabolism. Unexpectedly, the authors find that the deletion ofhgcABsignificantly impacts a range of metal transport proteins, specifically membrane efflux pumps such as those associated with heavy metal copper (Cu) export, leading to decreased Cu uptake in theΔhgcABmutant. This observation indicates possible linkages between this set of proteins and metal homeostasis in the cell. However,hgcABgene expression is not induced by Hg, as evidenced by similarly low abundance of HgcA and HgcB proteins in the absence or presence of Hg (500 nm). Taken together, these results suggest an apparent link between HgcAB, one‐carbon metabolism, and metal homeostasis, thereby providing insights for further exploration of biochemical mechanisms and biological functions of microbial Hg methylation.
Chronic pelvic pain and prostate inflammation in rat experimental autoimmune prostatitis: Effect of a single treatment with phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors on chronic pelvic pain
Authors: Kurita Maki , Yamaguchi Hiroshi , Okamoto Ken , Kotera Takashi , Oka Michiko 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundExperimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP) is most often used as a nonbacterial model of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain. We investigated the development of chronic pelvic pain and inflammatory changes in rat EAP and examined the effect of a single treatment with phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors on the chronic pelvic pain.MethodsEAP was induced in rats by intradermal injection of rat prostate antigen and complete Freund's adjuvant on days 0 and 28. On day 42, after antigen injection, prostatic inflammatory changes, including the mRNA and protein levels of cytokines/chemokines, were measured and histological analysis of the prostate was performed. Pelvic pain was measured by applying von Frey filaments to the lower abdomen. To confirm that this model is appropriate for evaluating pelvic pain, we tested two drugs, celecoxib and pregabalin, which are clinically used for the treatment of prostatitis‐related pain. Subsequently, we examined the effects of single treatments with three phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors, including tadalafil, on pelvic pain in this model.ResultsOn day 42, after antigen injection, the mRNA levels of 44 of 84 kinds of cytokines/chemokines and their receptors increased significantly in EAP rats, as did the protein levels of seven of 23 kinds of cytokines/chemokines. Histological analysis revealed inflammation characterized by neutrophils and/or mononuclear cells in the glandular and stromal tissue of the ventral prostate from rats in the EAP group. Some animals in this group showed fibrosis and hemorrhage in the stromal tissue. Pelvic pain had developed in EAP rats, which was attenuated by a single treatment with celecoxib or pregabalin, suggesting that EAP is an appropriate model for prostatitis‐related pain. A single treatment with any of the three PDE5 inhibitors tested attenuated the chronic pelvic pain.ConclusionsProstatitis leads to inflammatory changes in the prostate, which may contribute to the development and maintenance of chronic pelvic pain. PDE5 inhibitors, including tadalafil, may have the ability to block chronic pelvic pain.
Human Urine-Derived Stem Cell Differentiation to Endothelial Cells with Barrier Function and Nitric Oxide Production
Authors: Liu Guihua , Wu Rongpei , Yang Bin , Deng Chunhua , Lu Xiongbing , Walker Stephen J. , Ma Peter X. , Mou Steve , Atala Anthony , Zhang Yuanyuan 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) play a key role in revascularization within regenerating tissue. Stem cells are often used as an alternative cell source when ECs are not available. Several cell types have been used to give rise to ECs, such as umbilical cord vessels, or differentiated from somatic stem cells, embryonic, or induced pluripotent stem cells. However, the latter carry the potential risk of chronic immune rejection and oncogenesis. Autologous endothelial precursors are an ideal resource, but currently require an invasive procedure to obtain them from the patient's own blood vessels or bone marrow. Thus, the goal of this study was to determine whether urine-derived stem cells (USCs) could differentiate into functional ECs in vitro. Urine-derived cells were then differentiated into cells of the endothelial lineage using endothelial differentiation medium for 14 days. Changes in morphology and ultrastructure, and functional endothelial marker expression were assessed in the induced USCs in vitro. Grafts of the differentiated USCs were then subcutaneously injected into nude mice. Induced USCs expressed significantly higher levels of specific markers of ECs (CD31, vWF, eNOS) in vitro and in vivo, compared to nondifferentiated USCs. In addition, the differentiated USC formed intricate tubular networks and presented similar tight junctions, and migration and invasion ability, as well as ability to produce nitric oxide (NO) compared to controls. Using USCs as autologous EC sources for vessel, tissue engineering strategies can yield a sufficient number of cells via a noninvasive, simple, and low-cost method suitable for rapid clinical translation.
Beyond an absolving role for sustainable development: Assessing consumption as a basis for sustainable societies
Authors: Bonnedahl Karl Johan , Caramujo Maria José 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThree decades after the launch of sustainable development as a key objective for the global community, the unsustainable exploitation of the planet's species, spaces and systems continues. This paper examines this failure by discussing the strategy of control over nature, and the idea of balance between human endeavour and nature, inherent in the term sustainable. The relevance of such ecological balance is assessed by comparing how consumption typically appears in modern human societies versus nature. This presents traits of the human actor which depart significantly from the traits of actors in typified natural settings, from which ideas of ecological balance are taken. Calling for an alternative framing of the relationship between human society and nature, possible adaptation towards a biological understanding of such a relationship is discussed through features of today's consumption, including its connection to needs, the role of labour, and the use of energy and technology.
Disease‐Triggered Drug Release Effectively Prevents Acute Inflammatory Flare‐Ups, Achieving Reduced Dosing
Authors: Stubelius Alexandra , Sheng Wangzhong , Lee Sangeun , Olejniczak Jason , Guma Monica , Almutairi Adah 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFor conditions with inflammatory flare‐ups, fast drug‐release from a depot is crucial to reduce cell infiltration and prevent long‐term tissue destruction. While this concept has been explored for chronic diseases, preventing acute inflammatory flares has not been explored. To address this issue, a preventative inflammation‐sensitive system is developed and applied to acute gout, a condition where millions of inflammatory cells are recruited rapidly, causing excruciating and debilitating pain. Rapid drug release is first demonstrated from a pH‐responsive acetalated dextran particle loaded with dexamethasone (AcDex‐DXM), reducing proinflammatory cytokines in vitro as efficiently as free drug. Then, using the air pouch model of gout, mice are pretreated 24 h before inducing inflammation. AcDex‐DXM reduces overall cell infiltration with decreased neutrophils, increases monocytes, and diminishes cytokines and chemokines. In a more extended prophylaxis model, murine joints are pretreated eight days before initiating inflammation. After quantifying cell infiltration, only AcDex‐DXM reduces the overall joint inflammation, where neither free drug nor a conventional drug‐depot achieves adequate anti‐inflammatory effects. Here, the superior efficacy of disease‐triggered drug‐delivery to prevent acute inflammation is demonstrated over free drug and slow‐release depots. This approach and results promise exciting treatment opportunities for multiple inflammatory conditions suffering from acute flares.
In vivo quantification of glial activation in minipigs overexpressing human α‐synuclein
Authors: Lillethorup Thea Pinholt , Glud Andreas Nørgaard , Landeck Natalie , Alstrup Aage Kristian Olsen , Jakobsen Steen , Vang Kim , Doudet Doris J. , Brooks David J. , Kirik Deniz , Hinz Rainer , Sørensen Jens Christian , Landau Anne M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractParkinson’s disease is characterized by a progressive loss of substantia nigra (SN) dopaminergic neurons and the formation of Lewy bodies containing accumulated alpha‐synuclein (α‐syn). The pathology of Parkinson’s disease is associated with neuroinflammatory microglial activation, which may contribute to the ongoing neurodegeneration. This study investigates the in vivo microglial and dopaminergic response to overexpression of α‐syn. We used positron emission tomography (PET) and the 18 kDa translocator protein radioligand, [11C](R)PK11195, to image brain microglial activation and (+)‐α‐[11C]dihydrotetrabenazine ([11C]DTBZ), to measure vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) availability in Göttingen minipigs following injection with recombinant adeno‐associated virus (rAAV) vectors expressing either mutant A53T α‐syn or green fluorescent protein (GFP) into the SN (4 rAAV‐α‐syn, 4 rAAV‐GFP, 5 non‐injected control minipigs). We performed motor symptom assessment and immunohistochemical examination of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and transgene expression. Expression of GFP and α‐syn was observed at the SN injection site and in the striatum. We observed no motor symptoms or changes in striatal [11C]DTBZ binding potential in vivo or striatal or SN TH staining in vitro between the groups. The mean [11C](R)PK11195 total volume of distribution was significantly higher in the basal ganglia and cortical areas of the α‐syn group than the control animals. We conclude that mutant α‐syn expression in the SN resulted in microglial activation in multiple sub‐ and cortical regions, while it did not affect TH stains or VMAT2 availability. Our data suggest that microglial activation constitutes an early response to accumulation of α‐syn in the absence of dopamine neuron degeneration.
Cellular neurometabolism: a tentative to connect cell biology and metabolism in neurology
Authors: García‐Cazorla Àngels , Saudubray Jean‐Marie 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIt has become increasingly evident that inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) are particularly prevalent as diseases of the nervous system and that a broader, more inclusive definition of IEM is necessary. In fact, as long as biochemistry is involved, any kind of monogenic disease can become an IEM. This new, extended definition includes new categories and mechanisms, and as a general trend will go beyond a single biochemical pathway and/or organelle, and will appear as a connection of multiple crossroads in a system biology approach.From one side, a simplified and updated classification of IEM is presented that mixes elements from the diagnostic approach with pathophysiological considerations into three large categories based on the size of molecules (“small and simple” or “large and complex”) and their implication in energy metabolism. But from another side, whatever their size, metabolites involved in IEM may behave in the brain as signalling molecules, structural components and fuels, and many metabolites have more than one role. Neurometabolism is becoming more relevant, not only in relation to these new categories of diseases but also as a necessary way to explain the mechanisms of brain damage in classically defined categories of IEM. Brain metabolism, which has been largely disregarded in the traditional approach to investigating and treating neurological diseases, is a major clue and probably the next imminent “revolution” in neurology and neuroscience. Biochemistry (metabolism) and cell neurobiology need to meet. Additionally, the brain should be studied as a system (connecting different levels of complexity).
The age and tectonic setting of the Lukinda dunite–gabbro–anorthosite massif in the east of the Selenga–Stanovoi superterrane, Central Asian Fold Belt
Authors: Buchko I.V. , Sorokin A.A. , Kotov A.B. , Samsonov A.V. , Larionova Yu.O. , Ponomarchuk V.A. , Larin A.M. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Results of integrated 40Ar/39Ar, Rb–Sr, and Sm–Nd geochronological studies of the Lukinda dunite–troctolite–gabbro–anorthosite massif in the northeast of the Selenga–Stanovoi superterrane, Central Asian Fold Belt, are presented. It is shown that this massif is much younger than formerly thought: 249 ± 14 to 251 ± 15 Ma vs. Paleoproterozoic. This date of magmatism corresponds to one of the stages of the formation of the Selenga–Vitim belt, which ranks among the largest Phanerozoic volcanoplutonic belts in Central Asia.
The age and petrologic and geochemical conditions of formation of the Kogtakh gabbro–monzonite complex in the Kuznetsk Alatau
Authors: Vrublevskii V.V. , Kotel’nikov A.D. , Izokh A.E. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We present new data on the U–Pb age of zircons, geochemistry of trace elements, and isotope (Nd, Sr, O) composition of rocks of the Kogtakh gabbro–monzonite complex on the eastern slope of the Kuznetsk Alatau Ridge. The established age of zircon in the rocks of the main intrusive phases (500–480 Ma) is taken as the time of formation of the Kogtakh complex in the Late Cambrian–Early Ordovician, during the accretion–collision stage of evolution of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. The distribution and ratios of LILE and HFSE in the rocks suggest that the intrusions proceeded under interaction of the PREMA + EM/OIB mantle plume and the suprasubductional lithospheric IAB mantle. The mantle–crust interaction led to the heterogeneous isotopic composition of neodymium in the magma source (ɛNd(T) ~ 3.5–5.4). The mixing of different mantle and continental-crust materials resulted in an increase in isotope parameters: (87Sr/86Sr)T ~ 0.7039–0.7052, ɛSr(T) ~ 0–19, and δ18O ~ 6.5–8.8‰ (SMOW). The REE ratio in the least differentiated gabbroids indicates different depths of probable magma chambers and the formation of their primary (Tb/YbPM &gt; 1.8) mafic melts at different degrees of melting of the model garnet peridotite.