bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emerging trends of inflammatory bowel disease in South Korea: A nationwide population‐based study
Authors: Kwak Min Seob , Cha Jae Myung , Lee Hun Hee , Choi Yong Sung , Seo Seung In , Ko Kyung Jin , Park Dong Il , Kim Sung Hun , Kim Tae Jun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackground and AimLittle is known regarding the exact burden of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Asian countries because previous epidemiologic studies were hospital based. We aimed to develop and validate an operational definition of IBD cases from health insurance claims data and to examine the epidemiological features of IBD in Korea.MethodsWe analyzed stratified sample data from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment (2010–2016) database using 12 different definitions and applied the best definition to the entire (2007–2016) dataset.ResultsThe definition that combined the International Classification of Disease 10th revision code with IBD‐specific medications had the best performance characteristics among the 12 tested definitions. During the 8‐year study period, IBD prevalence increased from 25 345 in 2009 to 47 444 in 2016. Over that period, the prevalence of Crohn's disease increased 1.9‐fold (from 16.0/100 000 in 2009 to 29.6/100 000 in 2016) and that of ulcerative colitis increased 1.6‐fold (from 41.4/100 000 in 2009 to 66.0/100 000 in 2016). Similarly, the estimated incidence of Crohn's disease also increased 1.2‐fold (from 2.4 to 2.9 per 100 000) and that of ulcerative colitis rose 1.3‐fold (from 4.0 to 5.3 per 100 000). During the study period, the predominant increase in IBD incidence was among younger individuals, especially those aged < 30 years.ConclusionPatients with IBD can be accurately identified using Korean insurance claims data by combining information regarding the International Classification of Disease 10th revision codes and the IBD medications used. The prevalence of IBD continues to increase, with an apparent shift toward younger (< 30 years) age groups.
Prognostic value of serum liver enzymes in oral and oropharynx squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Zhu Zaiou , Zhou Junbo , Xiong Xianbin , Liu Dong , Zheng Yang , Ding Xu , Du Yifei , Gu Ning , Wu Yunong , Song Xiaomeng 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundSerum liver enzymes, which catalyze relevant catabolic pathways, have been indicated to be diagnostic and prognostic tools for several malignant tumors. The correlation between serum liver enzymes levels and survival in patients with oral and oropharynx squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) is still absent. Here, we conducted a study focusing on predictive value of serum liver enzymes in terms of prognosis in the patients.MethodsA retrospective study including 134 OSCC patients from years 2009 to 2014 was performed to investigate the association between levels of pre‐treatment serum liver enzymes, various clinical parameters and prognostic outcomes, which are overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS). Log‐rank tests with Kaplan‐Meier method were used to detect potential prognostic biomarkers. Multivariate analyses by Cox proportional hazards model were used to identify significant predictors of prognosis.ResultsSerum adenosine deaminase (ADA) level was associated with patients’ OS and DFS by univariate analyses (P = 0.006 and P = 0.024, respectively). Multivariate analyses showed that higher serum ADA (>17.2 U/L) (P = 0.019) as well as positive lymph node status (P = 0.035) independently predicted worse OS of patients with OSCC. In addition, older age (≥60 years) (P = 0.043) and positive lymph node status (P = 0.027) were independently prognostic parameters for poorer DFS.ConclusionsPre‐operative serum ADA levels may serve as a reliable independent prognostic predictor for OS in OSCC patients.
Circulating exosomes regulate T‐cell–mediated inflammatory response in oral lichen planus
Authors: Peng Qiao , Zhang Jing , Zhou Gang 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundExosomes are newly recognized natural nanocarrier and intercellular messenger that emerge as important mediators of signal transmission. Exosomes have been reported to modulate the inflammatory response of a number of diseases. This study investigated the effects of circulating exosomes from oral lichen planus (OLP) on T cells.MethodsPlasma‐derived exosomes were purified from both OLP patients and control groups. T cells were observed under a confocal laser scanning microscope after co‐cultivation with PKH67 labeled exosomes for 12, 24, and 48 hours. The effects of exosomes exposure on T cells were analyzed with several functional assays, investigating proliferation, apoptosis, and migration. Production of interleukin (IL)‐2, ‐4, ‐10, and interferon (IFN)‐γ was measured via enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsPKH67‐labeled exosomes were taken up by T cells in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner. Several biological functions of T cells were promoted. In particular, the circulating erosive OLP exosomes significantly enhanced T‐cell proliferation and attenuated the apoptosis. The migration capacity of T cells increased remarkably in response to erosive OLP exosome treatment. In addition, the ratio of IFN‐γ/IL‐4 was significantly elevated in OLP patients.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that the circulating OLP exosomes are involved in the biological functions of T cells, potentially promoting the OLP progression by regulating the T‐cell–mediated inflammatory response.
Effects of rheological properties of rice dough during manufacture of rice cracker on the quality of the end product
Authors: Takei Ryo , Maruyama Kentaro , Washio Hideaki , Watanabe Toshiyuki , Takahashi Tsutomu 
Published: November 2018

AbstractInfluence of the viscoelastic properties of rice dough on the mechanical properties and the microstructure of rice crackers was experimentally investigated to predict and control the quality of the rice cracker in the early stage of the lengthy manufacturing process. Various rice doughs steamed for 5, 30, or 60 min and kneaded for 5, 10, or 15 min were examined. Longer steaming and kneading resulted in lower G′ and G″ and higher tan δ, specific volume of the rice crackers, decreased nonuniform and deficient network, and thinner cell wall in rice cracker sections. There was a high correlation between tan δ of rice dough and specific volume of the rice cracker samples (R2 > 0.79). The hardness of the rice crackers increased with extending the kneading time for 5 and 30 min as the tan δ increased, while those of the rice crackers made from the rice doughs steamed for 60 min decreased inversely. These results indicated that qualities of rice crackers can be predicted and quantified by measuring viscoelasticity of actual rice doughs during the process.Practical applicationsImproved methods to control quality of end product in manufacturing process and to develop new products with unique textures are desired. We established the new method to quantify the rice dough and this method has already been used for confirming equivalency or improvement of rice dough during manufacture of rice crackers when instrument or condition have changed.
Prevalence and normative values for jaw functional limitations in the general population in Sweden
Authors: Oghli Ibrahim , List Thomas , John Mike T. , Häggman‐Henrikson Birgitta , Larsson Pernilla 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectivesFor jaw functional limitations measured by the Jaw Functional Limitation Scale (JFLS), (a) determining prevalence in the Swedish general adult population, (b) investigating the influence of demographic factors and self‐reported dental status and (c) deriving normative values.MethodsA random sample of the general adult population in Sweden was approached (response rate: 46%, N = 1,372). Prevalence was determined for the JFLS summary score and individual items. The influence of age, gender and dental status was investigated with regression analyses and normative values presented.ResultsThe JFLS median score was 0, and all items had prevalences ≤30%. Age and gender did not influence jaw functional limitations but dental status did. Normative JFLS scores were 1, 9 and 28 for the 7th, 8th and 9th deciles, respectively. In dental status‐stratified norms, 9th deciles were 20, 43 and 100, for subjects with natural teeth only, removable and complete dentures, respectively.ConclusionsThe Swedish general adult population had excellent jaw function, but dental status was major determinant. In the absence of information linking JFLS scores to important patient concerns, the score distribution can serve as a reference with the 9th decile as threshold for functional limitation.
Effect of oral hygiene programmes on oral opportunistic pathogens during stroke rehabilitation
Authors: Dai Ruoxi , Lam Otto L. T. , Lo Edward C. M. , Li Leonard S. W. , McGrath Colman 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectivesThis study was to assess the effectiveness of a conventional oral hygiene care programme (COHCP) and an advanced oral hygiene care programme (AOHCP) on prevalence and viable counts of oral opportunistic pathogens among patients undergoing stroke rehabilitation.MethodsA total of 94 patients were randomized to two groups. Subjects were block randomized to either (a) COHCP: manual toothbrushing with oral hygiene instruction (OHI); or (b) AOHCP: powered toothbrushing, mouthrinsing with chlorhexidine and OHI. Prevalence and viable counts of oral opportunistic pathogens including yeasts, aerobic and facultative anaerobic gram‐negative bacilli, Staphylococcus aureus, were assessed at baseline, the end of 3 and 6 months.ResultsNo significant difference was observed in the prevalence of oral opportunistic pathogens within each group over the clinical trial period. A significant decrease in the viable counts of S. aureus was found over the clinical trial period within AOHCP group (p < 0.05), while the viable counts of yeasts and anaerobic gram‐negative bacillus (AGNB) remained stable within each group. Regression analysis failed to detect an association between intervention and the prevalence/viable counts of oral opportunistic pathogens.ConclusionsNeither oral healthcare programme significantly affects AGNB, yeast or S. aureus over the study period in terms of prevalence and viable counts.
A study of the dosage and duration for levobupivacaine infusion by the caudal‐epidural route in infants aged 3‐6 months
Authors: Vashisht Rita , Bendon Anju A. , Okonkwo Ijeoma , Patel Davandra , Fullwood Catherine , Ogungbenro Kayode , Aarons Leon , Darwich Adam S. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryBackgroundThe local anesthetic, levobupivacaine, is the safer enantiomer of racemic bupivacaine. Present protocols for levobupivacaine are based on studies and pharmacokinetic modeling with racemic bupivacaine.AimsThe aim is to investigate total serum levobupivacaine concentrations after a caudalepidural loading dose followed by a maintenance infusion over 48 hours in infants aged 3‐6 months.MethodsThe clinical trial was conducted in eight infants aged 3‐6 months, undergoing bladder exstrophy repair. Pharmacokinetic modeling allowed optimization of clinical sampling to measure total levobupivacaine and α1‐acid glycoprotein and prediction of the effect of α1‐acid glycoprotein on levobupivacaine plasma protein binding.ResultsThe observed median total levobupivacaine serum concentration was 0.30 mg/L (range: 0.20‐0.70 mg/L) at 1 hour after the loading dose of 2 mg/kg. The median total levobupivacaine concentration after 47 hours of infusion, at 0.2 mg/kg/h, was 1.21 mg/L (0.07‐1.85 mg/L). Concentrations of α1‐acid glycoprotein were found to rise throughout the study period. Pharmacokinetic modeling suggested that unbound levobupivacaine quickly reached steady state at a concentration of approximately 0.03 mg/L.ConclusionThe study allows the development of a pharmacokinetic model, combining levobupivacaine and α1‐acid glycoprotein data. Modeling indicates that unbound levobupivacaine quickly reaches steady state once the infusion is started. Simulations suggest that it may be possible to continue the infusion beyond 48 hours.
Predictive factors for adverse outcomes in pediatric patients undergoing low‐risk skin and soft tissue surgery: A database analysis of 6730 patients
Authors: Cheon Eric C. , Longhini Anthony B. , Lee Joseph , Hansen Jennifer , Jagannathan Narasimhan , De Oliveira Gildasio S. , Suresh Santhanam 
Published: November 2018

SummaryBackgroundThere is a paucity of data regarding risk stratification of pediatric patients presenting for low‐risk skin and soft tissue surgery.AimsWe sought to determine the incidence and independent predictors of postoperative complications and unplanned 30‐day readmission in a cohort of children undergoing low‐risk skin and soft tissue surgery.MethodsThe study included pediatric patients who underwent minor procedures of the skin and soft tissue at continuously enrolled American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Pediatric hospitals over a two‐year period. The primary outcome was a 30‐day postoperative complication composite. The secondary outcome was unplanned 30‐day readmission.ResultsThe final analysis included 6,730 patients. There were a total of 170 postoperative complications among 152 patients (2.23%) with the majority of complications being either wound‐related or postoperative mechanical ventilation. The independent predictors for an increased risk of postoperative complication were American Society of Anesthesiologists classification ≥3 and nutritional deficiency. There were 41 unplanned readmissions (0.61%). The presence of a postoperative wound complication or a postoperative pulmonary complication during the index hospital stay was an independent risk factor for unplanned 30‐day readmission.ConclusionPediatric patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists classification ≥3 and nutritional deficiency undergoing low‐risk surgery are at risk for the development of postoperative complications. Patients who develop wound and postoperative pulmonary complications are at higher risk for unplanned 30‐day readmission. Identification of these higher risk patients may allow the anesthesiologist to implement targeted therapies to minimize the likelihood of occurrence of these complications.
Information-Anchored Sensitivity Analysis: Theory and Application
Authors: Cro Suzie , Carpenter James R. , Kenward Michael G. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryAnalysis of longitudinal randomized clinical trials is frequently complicated because patients deviate from the protocol. Where such deviations are relevant for the estimand, we are typically required to make an untestable assumption about post-deviation behaviour to perform our primary analysis and to estimate the treatment effect. In such settings, it is now widely recognized that we should follow this with sensitivity analyses to explore the robustness of our inferences to alternative assumptions about post-deviation behaviour. Although there has been much work on how to conduct such sensitivity analyses, little attention has been given to the appropriate loss of information due to missing data within sensitivity analysis. We argue that more attention needs to be given to this issue, showing that it is quite possible for sensitivity analysis to decrease and increase the information about the treatment effect. To address this critical issue, we introduce the concept of information-anchored sensitivity analysis. By this we mean sensitivity analyses in which the proportion of information about the treatment estimate lost because of missing data is the same as the proportion of information about the treatment estimate lost because of missing data in the primary analysis. We argue that this forms a transparent, practical starting point for interpretation of sensitivity analysis. We then derive results showing that, for longitudinal continuous data, a broad class of controlled and reference-based sensitivity analyses performed by multiple imputation are information anchored. We illustrate the theory with simulations and an analysis of a peer review trial and then discuss our work in the context of other recent work in this area. Our results give a theoretical basis for the use of controlled multiple-imputation procedures for sensitivity analysis.
Carbon isotope and rare earth element composition of Late Quaternary sediment gravity flow deposits on the mid shelf of East China Sea: Implications for provenance and origin of hybrid event beds
Authors: Shan Xin , Shi Xuefa , Clift Peter D. , Qiao Shuqing , Jin Lina , Liu Jianxing , Fang Xisheng , Xu Taoyu , Li Shunli , Kandasamy Selvaraj , Zhao Mengwei , Zhu Ying , Zhang Hui , Zhang Dan , Wang Huawei , Li Yalong , Yao Zhengquan , Wang Sai , Xu Jun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe East China Sea Shelf has an unusually wide and low gradient shelf, supplied from sediment‐charged rivers and large river delta systems, with bottom currents sweeping the sea floor and located in the path of strong typhoons. Sediment gravity flow deposits, including four hybrid event beds and a high density turbidite, are identified in a core from the mid‐shelf of the East China Sea. The hybrid event beds typically comprise three or two internal divisions from the base to the top: (i) H1, H3 and H5; or (ii) H3 and H5. Radiocarbon ages of the hybrid event beds were in the range of 3821 to 8526 yr bp. Based on correlation with surrounding cores, the hybrid events may have happened at any time between 1930 yr bp and 3890 yr bp. The δ13C values in hybrid event beds together with bathymetry data suggest local erosion on the shelf. The average δ13C value for the H1 division is similar to the H3 division in the hybrid event beds, implying that the organic matter in the H1 and H3 divisions may come from the same source area. Cross‐plots of upper continental crust normalized rare earth elements in the five units reveal that the sediment source of the four hybrid event beds and the turbidite was ultimately primarily from Korean rivers. Partial transformation from a moderate‐strength debris flow with the additional role of erosional bulking can explain occurrences of hybrid event beds on the East China Sea Shelf. The data indicate that hybrid sediment gravity flow deposits were sourced from intra‐shelf failures and subsequently transformed and deposited as hybrid event beds. The study shows that hybrid sediment gravity flows and turbidity currents may not necessarily indicate proximity to a major fluvial or deltaic system and that intra‐shelf sedimentation can be a sediment source. It is unlikely that the debris flows and turbidity currents were triggered by a hyperpycnal flow or tsunami, because both can carry continental and/or coastal signals which have not been recognized in the core. Typhoons are the probable triggering mechanism.
A coupled role for CsMYB75 and CsGSTF1 in anthocyanin hyperaccumulation in purple tea
Authors: Wei Kang , Wang Liyuan , Zhang Yazhen , Ruan Li , Li Hailin , Wu Liyun , Xu Liyi , Zhang Chengcai , Zhou Xiaogui , Cheng Hao , Edwards Robert 
Published: November 2018

SummaryCultivars of purple tea (Camellia sinensis) that accumulate anthocyanins in place of catechins are currently attracting global interest in their use as functional health beverages. RNA‐seq of normal (LJ43) and purple Zijuan (ZJ) cultivars identified the transcription factor CsMYB75 and phi (F) class glutathione transferase CsGSTF1 as being associated with anthocyanin hyperaccumulation. Both genes mapped as a quantitative trait locus (QTL) to the purple bud leaf color (BLC) trait in F1 populations, with CsMYB75 promoting the expression of CsGSTF1 in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). Although CsMYB75 elevates the biosynthesis of both catechins and anthocyanins, only anthocyanins accumulate in purple tea, indicating selective downstream regulation. As glutathione transferases in other plants are known to act as transporters (ligandins) of flavonoids, directing them for vacuolar deposition, the role of CsGSTF1 in selective anthocyanin accumulation was investigated. In tea, anthocyanins accumulate in multiple vesicles, with the expression of CsGSTF1 correlated with BLC, but not with catechin content, in diverse germplasm. Complementation of the Arabidopsis tt19‐8 mutant, which is unable to express the orthologous ligandin AtGSTF12, restored anthocyanin accumulation, but did not rescue the transparent testa phenotype, confirming that CsGSTF1 did not function in catechin accumulation. Consistent with a ligandin function, transient expression of CsGSTF1 in Nicotiana occurred in the nucleus, cytoplasm and membrane. Furthermore, RNA‐Seq of the complemented mutants exposed to 2% sucrose as a stress treatment showed unexpected roles for anthocyanin accumulation in affecting the expression of genes involved in redox responses, phosphate homeostasis and the biogenesis of photosynthetic components, as compared with non‐complemented plants.
Reporter‐based forward genetic screen to identify bundle sheath anatomy mutants in A. thaliana
Authors: Döring Florian , Billakurthi Kumari , Gowik Udo , Sultmanis Stefanie , Khoshravesh Roxana , Das Gupta Shipan , Sage Tammy L. , Westhoff Peter 
Published: November 2018

SummaryThe evolution of C4 photosynthesis proceeded stepwise with each small step increasing the fitness of the plant. An important pre‐condition for the introduction of a functional C4 cycle is the photosynthetic activation of the C3 bundle sheath by increasing its volume and organelle number. Therefore, to engineer C4 photosynthesis into existing C3 crops, information about genes that control the bundle sheath cell size and organelle content is needed. However, very little information is known about the genes that could be manipulated to create a more C4–like bundle sheath. To this end, an ethylmethanesulfonate (EMS)‐based forward genetic screen was established in the Brassicaceae C3 species Arabidopsis thaliana. To ensure a high‐throughput primary screen, the bundle sheath cells of A. thaliana were labeled using a luciferase (LUC68) or by a chloroplast‐targeted green fluorescent protein (sGFP) reporter using a bundle sheath specific promoter. The signal strengths of the reporter genes were used as a proxy to search for mutants with altered bundle sheath anatomy. Here, we show that our genetic screen predominantly identified mutants that were primarily affected in the architecture of the vascular bundle, and led to an increase in bundle sheath volume. By using a mapping‐by‐sequencing approach the genomic segments that contained mutated candidate genes were identified.