bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of salt and sugar reformulation on processing parameters for orange juice and tomatoes using ohmic heating
Authors: Ajayi Oluseyi Moses , Martindale Wayne , Swainson Mark 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, it aims to investigate how salt and sugar reduction in foods due to the pressure from the emerging food regulations will affect the physico-electrical properties (PEPs) of orange juice and tomatoes during a selected PEP-dependent thermal processing. Second, the authors are keen to understand how variations in salt and sugar ingredients will affect the time-temperature processing requirements.

Design/methodology/approach
PEPs of the samples (orange juice and tomatoes) were measured using the KD2 thermal analyser and RS conductivity metre. Both samples with varying salt and sugar levels were subjected to ohmic heating processing using a 10 kW ohmic heater. Dehydration rates and processing times for pasteurisation were obtained.

Findings
Electrical conductivity increases with added salt in tomato puree but decreases with added sugar in orange juice. Statistical evidence confirmed significant changes in heating rates and processing times of tomatoes and orange juice as their relevant salt and sugar levels change. Reduction in salt content in tomato puree led to increase in time and energy for the thermal processes. While reduction in added sugar in orange juice results led to reduction in processing time and energy requirement for the processing operation.

Research limitations/implications
The study is limited to small change in salt and sugar variations in order to reflect recommended limits. There were therefore no significant changes in thermal conductivity for the range investigated. Also this study is focussed on two food products.

Practical implications
Current pressure on the need to reduce salt and sugar in foods necessitates research to increase food processing industry insight into the process and product impacts of such recipe changes, with particular regard to processing efficiency and product safety and quality.

Originality/value
This study represents an attempt to understand the impact of salt and sugar variations on properties and processing requirements of tomato puree and orange juice.
British beer styles. Where are they heading?
Authors: Parker Daniel , Taylor Michael , Johnson Julio Romero , Thomas Keith Robert 
Published: October 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyse data from routine quality control samples of beer over a ten year period to provide comparisons with a previous study in 2006 and apply interpretations to the contemporary beer market.Design/methodology/approachData from laboratory analysis of 1,469 beers submitted for due diligence quality assurance from commercial microbreweries were analysed. Additional commercial samples were taken for analysis of sour beers and cask conditioned beers as examples of niche product areas.FindingsStyle characteristics were summarized as a reference for industry evaluation and as a basis for comparisons. Differences were noted between the characteristics found and those of a similar study in 2006. Average alcohol by volume increased by 1.2 per cent, bitterness levels increased by 6.1 per cent while colour decreased by 22 per cent. These differences suggest that standard UK beers are undergoing change. A study of sour beers indicated specific features in this recently popular style and confirmed the use of a different microbiology. Analysis of cask ales indicated some variability in quality suggesting the need for greater quality control.Research limitations/implicationsThe comparison with the previous study has limitations as the samples were not individually comparable but were from major established microbreweries and so representative of the industry. The work analysed UK beers only but will act as a base line for comparison to other markets. Moreover, the data may be relevant to other forms of market analysis seeking to identify factors associated to consumer preferences.Practical implicationsThe data presented have relevance to breweries looking to develop their portfolios and product descriptions, to the drinking public and to regulatory bodies in providing a benchmark for comparisons and for assisting in defining the recently promoted term “craft beer”.Social implicationsThe findings are relevant to beverage development and consumer education of alcoholic beverages by allowing discrimination between styles with different characteristics affecting consumer choice and when assessing styles for industrial, legislative and health research. Beers today appear to be more varied than in past decades but show lower colour and higher bitterness characteristics. As these features particularly relate to ingredients they may have implications in their contributions to diet and health.Originality/valueThe work has value in replicating the previous study to illustrate changes and trends. It presents novel data on recently popular sour beers and assesses traditional cask beer with implications for product quality.
Chief executive officer compensation, corporate governance and performance: evidence from KSA firms
Authors: Abdalkrim Gaafar 
Published: October 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the relation between chief executive officers (CEOs) compensation and organizational performance in KSA listed companies. It also aims at investigating the effect of corporate governance mechanisms according to this relation.Design/methodology/approachThe researcher uses unbalanced panel data regression analysis on a sample of 181 KSA listed companies from 2005 to 2014.FindingsThe estimation result suggests that CEO Compensation is positively associated with firm performance. The results also show that corporate governance positively and significantly affect the relation between CEO Compensation and performance.Research limitations/implicationsThis research, like any other, has some limitations that can be addressed by future research. The important limitation of this research is that the generalizability of the results is limited by the fact that the majority of the firms in the sample are from material sector which is represented by 42 (32 per cent) firms versus pharmaceutical sector which is represented by only one (1 per cent) firm. Therefore, a future research can tackle the effect of CEO compensation, corporate governance on future firm performance independently.Practical implicationsThe findings have some important implications for stakeholders such as policymakers, listed firms managers, business owners and academic researchers in the emerging KSA market. Besides, understanding the relation between CEO compensation, corporate governance and firm performance can aid the success of corporate modernization and economic reform in KSA.Originality/valueThe research attempts to fill a substantial gap in the literature by providing the first rigorous econometrics evidence on CEO compensation, corporate governance and firm performance. In addition, it provides interesting insight for researches, decision-makers and board members in KSA.
Data driven controller based on fuzzy rule adaptive network: with experimental validation
Authors: Treesatayapun Chidentree 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to design an online-data driven adaptive control scheme based on fuzzy rules emulated network (FREN) for a class of unknown nonlinear discrete-time systems.

Design/methodology/approach
By using the input-output characteristic curve of controlled plant and the set of IF-THEN rules based on human knowledge inspiration, the adaptive controller is established by an adaptive FREN. The learning algorithm is established with convergence proof of the closed-loop system and controller’s parameters are directly designed by experimental data.

Findings
The convergence of tracking error is verified by the theoretical results and the experimental systems. The experimental systems and comparison results show that the proposed controller and its design procedure based on input-output data can achieve superior performance.

Practical implications
The theoretical aspect and experimental systems with the light-emitting diode (LED) current control and the robotic system prove that the proposed controller can be designed by using only input-output data of the controlled plants when the tracking error can be affirmed the convergence.

Originality/value
The proposed controller has been theoretically developed and used through experimental systems by using only input-output data of the controlled plant. The novel design procedure has been proposed by using the input-output characteristic curve for both positive and negative control directions.
Embodied refusals and choreographic criticalities
Authors: Krone Beth 
Published: October 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to describe the work of a group of seventh-grade boys in a middle school superhero storytelling project. In this project, the boys, one of whom identified as Latino and five of whom identified as Black, created a voiceless, faceless, raceless superhero named “Mute.” Using a Black feminist theoretical framework, the author considers how the boys authored embodied moments in the construction of their character and in a basketball scene. The author argues that within the narrated space of the story, embodiment functioned as a critical tool for authoring spaces that thwarted and bypassed dominant social narratives.Design/methodology/approachThe white, female, university-affiliated author was a participant-researcher in the “Mute” group’s ten storytelling sessions. The ethnographic data set collected included fieldnotes, recordings and copies of all the writing and images of the group. The author uses this data to conduct a narrative analysis of the Mute story.FindingsThe author suggests that the group’s authoring of embodiment and choreography in their story makes space outside of the binary stances often available in traditional critical analyses. Instead, the group’s attention to embodied aspects of their character(s) allowed them to refuse either/or positions of such stances and construct a textured reality that existed beyond these bounds.Originality/valueBlack feminist theorists have warned that critical readings are potentially essentializing, risking a reification of the same systems they hope to overturn. The Mute group’s invention of a superhero character and their use of authored embodiment deflected such essentializing readings to imagine a new, more just (story) world. Thus, the author recommends an increased attention to how students are writing and reading embodiment to fully see the everyday ways they are critically working both against and beyond the social narratives that organize their lives.
Incentive factors of talent agglomeration: a case of high-tech innovation in China
Authors: Shi Jia-lu , Lai Wen-hsiang 
Published: October 2019

PurposeOver recent decades, talent agglomeration has emerged as a critical topic for scholars, businesses and government officers. Innovative ability is a core competition for high-tech talents. In China, low innovation is the bottleneck, as the high-tech industry usually cannot provide sufficient support for the continuous needs of innovative talents. To enhance the continuous support of talents, it is important to obtain the mechanisms of talent evaluation and flow in high-tech industry. Exploring the incentive factors influencing the scientific and technological personnel, adjust the layout of talents and promote the rational agglomeration. It’s significant to realize the regional economic development.Design/methodology/approachThis study proposes an assessment model using the multi-criteria decision-making method of analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to determine the weights of incentive factors and a nonlinear programing model, from micro, meso and macro perspectives of individual, organizational and social incentives by adopting Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory, Kurt Lewin’s field theory and Lee’s push-pull theory. After the literature review and interviews with 14 experts, this study produced a research framework and a pairwise comparison questionnaire. In addition, the relative quantitative weights of 3 main categories and 15 indicators are identified and ranked based on the AHP method.FindingsThe results demonstrate that the most important dimension is the individual, and the top three highest weighted factors are job satisfaction, sense of working accomplishment and interpersonal relationships. The discussion in this study showed that the proposed model is rational and acceptable to motivate high-tech innovation talent (HTIT) agglomeration for high-tech enterprises, universities, government and start-ups.Research limitations/implicationsThe pairwise comparison using the AHP method is limited to expert opinions, which are considered comparatively subjective. The number of incentive factors should be increased, as some indicators may have been omitted from the AHP model.Practical implicationsAccording to the results, some suggestions can be recommended to corporate executives, HR managers and government officers to attract and retain high-tech talents and further to improve industrial clusters and economic development.Originality/valueThis paper derives a relative ranking of importance based on the opinions of experienced HR specialists, high-tech talent, scholars and government official, and assesses the consistency of results. The ordering represents the importance of indicators and sub-indicators of two levels from respondents’ perspectives in an industry cluster background. The study, focusing on the high-tech industry in China (which is a developing country), offers a unique view, as earlier studies mainly collect data from developed countries.
The role of audit quality in preventing firm misreporting: empirical evidence from China
Authors: Nguyen Loan Quynh Thi , Le Duong Thuy , Luu Hiep Ngoc , Nguyen Anh Huu , Hoang Thinh Gia 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of external audit quality in reducing firm misreporting practices.

Design/methodology/approach
Data are gathered from a number of sources including the Osiris database and firms’ annual reports to construct a comprehensive data set containing financial and non-financial information of over 3,100 publicly listed firms in China during the period 2009–2017. A number of rigorous empirical specifications are utilized with the use of probit, logit and conditional logit regressions, as well as panel pooled OLS and fixed-effect estimators. The IV-2SLS, 2-step system GMM and difference-in-differences techniques are also employed to deal with the potential endogeneity bias to ensure the robustness of the empirical results.

Findings
The empirical results reveal that larger firms and firms having more tangible assets and greater retained earnings are more likely to employ a better-quality external auditor. Subsequently, higher audit quality leads to a deterioration in corporate misreporting. However, these results are not homogenous across firms. While we document similar findings in the case of non-state-owned firms, state-owned enterprises (SOEs) appear to have less tendency to hire a higher-quality auditor, and higher-quality auditors in turn do not play a significant role in reducing misreporting practices in SOEs.

Originality/value
This paper contributes to a better understanding of the mechanism to mitigate corporate misreporting practices. It is one of the few to empirically investigate auditor selections and the association between external audit quality and corporate misreporting practices in China.
The moderating role ofShariahcompliance on the relationship between firm profitability and CSR activities
Authors: Azam Muhammad , Akhtar Javed , Ali Syed Amir , Mohy-Ud-Din Kamran 
Published: October 2019

PurposeThere is a debate between soundShariah-compliant firms engaging in social good as a moral obligation and behaving ethically in terms of increasing corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities and those firms that are notShariah-compliant. The purpose of the present study is to contribute to this debate by empirically investigating the effect of the profitability of firms on CSR activities and shareholders’ dividends and the interaction effect of a firm’sShariahcompliance with religious and ethical principles.Design/methodology/approachThe data used in this study were collected from the annual financial reports of 74 Pakistani listed companies over 2012-2016 (N = 370). An epistemological model of the unity of knowledge was applied to determine the contribution ofShariah-compliant enterprises to community well-being. Furthermore, the Tawhidi string relation methodology was used to establish the circular causal model. To check the robustness of our findings, we also analysed the data using fixed and random effects regression models to test the effect of firm profitability on CSR activities and dividends, whereas moderation regression analysis was applied to test the moderating effect ofShariah-compliant firms.FindingsThe results show that the profitability of firms has a significant impact on shareholders’ dividends in bothShariahand non-Shariahfirms. Furthermore, the relationship between firm profitability and CSR is stronger for non-Shariah-compliant firms thanShariah-compliant firms. This indicates thatShariahfirms are less involved in doing CSR activities than non-Shariahfirms. This implies thatShariahstatus does not play an important role in ensuring managers’ ethical behaviour.Practical implicationsThe results suggest that the Security and Exchange Commission of Pakistan should attach more importance toShariahcompliance by firms in developing their CSR policies to improve social development and human well-being. These findings have important implications for many Islamic countries irrespective of whether they are developed or developing.Originality/valueThe present study provides a new addition to the prior literature by investigating the relationship between profits and CSR activities and the interaction effect ofShariah-compliant firms. From an Islamic ethical perspective, this study can also contribute to the growing discussion onShariahcompliance and CSR activities.
Mediated power and sustainable supplier management (SSM)
Authors: Chen Yinfei , Chen Injazz J. 
Published: October 2019

PurposeAs focal buyers implement sustainable supplier management (SSM) to advance their supply chain sustainability, the purpose of this paper is to provide a more nuanced understanding of how buyers’ use of power may incite varying perceptions of justice from suppliers that affect sustainable supplier performance (SSP).Design/methodology/approachThis paper draws on multidisciplinary literature and collects empirical data from 181 supplying firms in China to examine the complex links among power use, justice, SSM, and sustainable performance using partial least squares structural equation modeling.FindingsBoth coercive and reward buyer power can facilitate SSM implementation and justice perception moderates the impact of SSM on SSP. Furthermore, coercive power adversely influences justice evaluation, thereby attenuating the effect of SSM on performance.Research limitations/implicationsThis study complements and extends sustainable supply chain management research by evaluating SSM: on environmental, social and economic performance; from the perspectives of suppliers; and in an emerging market where many suppliers of Western firms are located. It also adds to behavioral SCM research by examining how buyers’ exercise of power might influence suppliers’ justice perception.Practical implicationsTo implement SSM, focal buyers cannot simply issue codes of conduct to suppliers and ignore suppliers’ disposition to commit to standards. While coercive power might be convenient and tempting for buying firms, managers ought to be judicious in the use of coercion.Originality/valueThis is the first large-scale empirical investigation on the links among power use, justice, SSM and sustainable performance from the perspectives of suppliers in an emerging economy.
The role of sexual orientation in entrepreneurial intention: the case of Parisian LGB people
Authors: Germon Rony , Leloarne Séverine , Razgallah Myriam , Safraou Imen , Maalaoui Adnane 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role that sexual orientation can play in entrepreneurial intention.

Design/methodology/approach
By conducting a survey on a sample of 654 individuals and, among them, 266 LGB people in the Paris region (France), and using linear regressions, The authors test the impact of sexual orientation on the antecedents of entrepreneurial intention, as defined by Ajzen (1991), and on entrepreneurial intention.

Findings
The study reveals that LGB people express a higher entrepreneurial intention than non-LGB people. The study also reveals that sexual orientation positively impacts the three antecedents of entrepreneurial intention, namely attitudes, perceived behavioral control and subjective norms.

Research limitations/implications
The study was conducted in a specific context: an LGB-friendly region and among a population of well-educated people. One could also have investigated the impact of femininity and masculinity on entrepreneurial intention among this population.

Practical implications
LGB people adopt entrepreneurial cognition different to that of other minorities, which tends to confirm that LGB entrepreneurial norms and beliefs are not really the same as those of the dominant culture. The study sheds light on the key antecedent one has to work on to increase the entrepreneurial intention of LGB people.

Originality/value
This study reveals that LGB people, even in friendly LGB geographical areas, are still suffering from a lack of self-esteem. The study also confirms that creating any new venture, as job creation process, is perceived as to be the alternative to difficult employment.
Financial institutions and the new class action under Italian law: a compliance approach
Authors: Falco Francesco 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
To explain the impacts of the class action, as recently amended by the Italian Parliament, and help financial institutions to develop a compliance approach in order to avoid and/or mitigate the relevant risks.

Design/methodology/approach
This article provides an overview on the Italian class action, as recently amended by the Italian Law No. 31/2019, examines the relevant impact for financial institutions (taking into account some recent case law) and identifies possible compliance solutions to avoid/mitigate the relevant risks.

Findings
The recent amendments to the Italian class action may increase risks for financial institutions.

Practical implications (Optional)
Financial institutions should examine their relationships with stakeholders in the light of the new Italian class action in order to implement policies and procedures to prevent the relevant risks.

Originality/value
Practical guidance from an experienced lawyer in the litigation and compliance fields.