bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Injektionsmaßnahmen im Talsperrenbau
Authors: Kogler Kurt , Hechenbichler Johann , Gabriel Patrick 
Published: April 2019

AbstractGrouting measures in dam construction are of increasing importance in Europe, where many of the largest dams were constructed during the 1950s and 1970s. Nowadays, these dams often have to resist higher loads then they were originally designed for, and changes of reservoir management have increased loads on the structures in many cases. For this reason, many plant operators have decided to adapt dam structures for present‐day use, to increase sustainability and guarantee serviceability. At the same time, the construction of new dams requires comprehensive planning as well as full cooperation between all areas of civil engineering and grouting technology. Grouting works are key elements of dam structures, which are usually not directly visible from the surface and therefore seldom perceived by the public. This paper gives an insight into the possibilities of grouting measures in dam construction and a brief overview of objectives of grouting measures and their assignment to components of dams as well as grouting measures for waterproofing curtains, pressure tunnels, pressure shafts, surge tanks and porous mass concrete.
Pre‐excavation grouting in rock tunneling – Dealing with high groundwater pressures
Authors: Hognestad Hans‐Olav , Kieffer Scott 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn rock tunneling, pre‐excavation grouting (or, pre‐injection) refers to systematic treatment of the rock mass ahead of an advancing tunnel face via pressure grouting. The main purpose of pre‐excavation grouting is to reduce water inflows, or to improve geomechanical properties of the rock mass. This paper summarizes approaches for treating competent rock masses with systematic pre‐injection of cementitious grouts through boreholes drilled from the working tunnel face. The focus is on traditional cement based grouting technology and drill‐and‐blast tunneling under high static groundwater pressures (> 20 bar). Post‐injection, where drilling and grouting is performed somewhere behind the tunnel face, provides an additional means for achieving a high degree of watertightness, but is beyond the scope of this paper.
Apoptotic signaling in salivary mucoepidermoid carcinoma
Authors: da Silva Gabriela M. , Saavedra Victoria , Ianez Renata C. F. , de Sousa Elen A. , Gomes Ágatha N. , Kelner Natalie , Nagai Maria A. , Kowalski Luiz P. , Soares Fernando A. , Lourenço Silvia V. , Coutinho‐Camillo Cláudia M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundMucoepidermoid carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of salivary glands. Apoptosis plays an important role in organogenesis of glandular structures, and aberrations of apoptotic mechanisms is associated with a wide array of pathologic conditions.MethodsThe immunoexpression of proteins associated with apoptosis and proliferation was evaluated in 40 mucoepidermoid carcinoma cases.ResultsPar‐4, Survivin, MUC1, PHLDA1, Fas, and Ki‐67 were predominantly expressed in mucoepidermoid carcinoma. FasL was rarely expressed, and Caspase‐3 expression was observed in almost 50% of the cases. SPARC expression was associated with low‐grade tumors, and Ki‐67 expression was associated with lymph node metastasis. Expression of Fas and decreased expression of Ki‐67 and Caspase‐3 were associated with better overall cancer‐specific survival rates.ConclusionsThe association of SPARC and Ki‐67 expression with pathological features and the association of Fas, Caspase‐3, and Ki‐67 with survival probabilities suggest that these proteins may be useful prognostic markers for mucoepidermoid carcinoma.
Pediatric brain extraction from T2‐weighted MR images using 3D dual frame U‐net and human connectome database
Authors: Kim Dongchan , Chae Jong‐Hee , Han Yeji 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAccurate extraction of brain tissues from magnetic resonance (MR) images is important in neuroradiology. However, brain extraction is more difficult for pediatric brains than for adult brains due to several factors including smaller brain sizes and lower tissue contrasts. In this work, we propose a brain extraction technique that utilizes dual frame (DF) 3D U‐net deep learning architecture and the human connectome project (HCP) database for multislice 2D pediatric T2‐weighted MR images with diseases. To improve segmentation accuracy in small pediatric brains with detailed boundary regions, DF 3D U‐net architecture was used. We pretrained networks with the HCP database to compensate for the limited amount of MR images and manual segmentation masks of pediatric patients. For quantitative analysis, we compared the brain extraction results of brain extraction tool, DF, and conventional 3D U‐net using the dice similarity coefficient (DSC), intersection of union (IoU), and boundary F1 (BF) scores; each deep learning architecture was evaluated with and without pretraining using the HCP. This study included 10 patients with diseases and all images were acquired using a PROPELLER MR sequence. Pretraining using the HCP database enhanced segmentation performance of the network, and the skip connections in the DF 3D U‐net could enhance the contour similarity of segmentation results. Experimental results showed that the proposed method increased the DSC, IoU, and BF scores by 0.8%, 1.6%, and 1.5%, respectively, compared with those of the conventional 3D U‐net without pretraining.
The long noncoding RNA sONE represses triple‐negative breast cancer aggressiveness through inducing the expression of miR‐34a, miR‐15a, miR‐16, and let‐7a
Authors: Youness Rana A. , Hafez Hafez M. , Khallaf Emad , Assal Reem A. , Abdel Motaal Amira , Gad Mohamed Z. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTriple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents an aggressive breast cancer subtype. Among young females, TNBC is the leading cause of cancer‐related mortalities. Recently, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are representing a promising pool of regulators for tuning the aggressiveness of several solid malignancies. However, this still needs further investigations in TNBC. The main aim of this study is to unravel the expression pattern of sONE lncRNA and its mechanistic role in TNBC. Results showed that sONE is restrictedly expressed in TNBC patients; its expression level is inversely correlated with the aggressiveness of the disease. sONE acts as a posttranscriptional regulator to endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and thus affecting eNOS‐induced nitric oxide (NO) production from TNBC cells measured by Greiss reagent. Mechanistically, sONE is a potential tumor suppressor lncRNA in TNBC cells; repressing cellular viability, proliferation, colony‐forming ability, migration, and invasion capacities of MDA‐MB‐231. Furthermore, sONE effects were found to be extended to affect the maestro tumor suppressor TP53 and the oncogenic transcription factor c‐Myc. Knocking down of sONE resulted in a marked decrease in TP53 and increase in c‐Myc and consequently altering the expression status of their downstream tumor suppressor microRNAs (miRNAs) such as miR‐34a, miR‐15, miR‐16, and let‐7a. In conclusion, this study highlights sONE as a downregulated tumor suppressor lncRNA in TNBC cells acting through repressing eNOS‐induced NO production, affecting TP53 and c‐Myc proteins levels and finally altering the levels of a panel of tumor suppressor miRNAs downstream TP53/c‐Myc proteins.
Acoustic cavitation assisted lipase B catalysed synthesis of polyethylene glycol stearate in a solvent free system via esterification: synthesis and optimization
Authors: Nhivekar Girish S , Rathod Virendra K 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe current work describes the application of ultrasound and its improving effect on the synthesis of polyethylene glycol (PEG) stearate using Fermase (Fermase CALB™10,000 Candida antarctica Lipase B) as a biocatalyst via esterification of PEG600 and stearic acid. The influence of various parameters like molar ratio, temperature, speed of agitation, enzyme loading, effect of addition of molecular sieves and other factors associated with ultrasound, i.e. duty cycle and power, has been studied and optimized.RESULTA total of 84.34% of PEG stearate was obtained at ultrasound frequency of 22 kHz with 50 W power, 60 °C temperature, stirring speed 200 rpm, mole ratio of PEG600–stearic acid 1:1, 3% (w/w) molecular sieves, immobilized enzyme loading 0.5% (w/w) and duty cycle 50%. The enzyme showed reusability up to the fifth cycle. The reaction is conducted in a solvent free system which is an additional benefit.CONCLUSIONA maximum conversion of 84.34% was obtained in 3 h of reaction time in the presence of ultrasound as compared to 6 h in the absence of ultrasound denoting the intensified effect of ultrasound on the synthesis. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Natural history, with clinical, biochemical, and molecular characterization of classical homocystinuria in the Qatari population
Authors: Al‐Dewik Nader , Ali Alaa , Mahmoud Yassmin , Shahbeck Noora , Ali Rehab , Mahmoud Laila , Al‐Mureikhi Mariam , Al‐Mesaifri Fatma , Musa Sara , El‐Akouri Karen , Almulla Mariam , Al Saadi Reem , Nasrallah Gheyath K. , Samara Muthanna , Abdoh Ghassan , Rifai Hilal Al , Häberle Johannes , Thöny Beat , Kruger Warren , Blom Henk J. , Ben‐Omran Tawfeg 
Published: April 2019

AbstractClassical homocystinuria (HCU) is the most common inborn error of metabolism in Qatar, with an incidence of 1:1800, and is caused by the Qatari founder p.R336C mutation in the CBS gene. This study describes the natural history and clinical manifestations of HCU in the Qatari population. A single center study was performed between 2016 and 2017 in 126 Qatari patients, from 82 families. Detailed clinical and biochemical data were collected, and Stanford‐Binet intelligence, quality of life and adherence to treatment assessments were conducted prospectively. Patients were assigned to one of three groups, according to the mode of diagnosis: (a) late diagnosis group (LDG), (b) family screening group (FSG), and (c) newborn screening group (NSG). Of the 126 patients, 69 (55%) were in the LDG, 44 (35%) in the NSG, and 13 (10%) in the FSG. The leading factors for diagnosis in the LDG were ocular manifestations (49%), neurological manifestations (45%), thromboembolic events (4%), and hyperactivity and behavioral changes (1%). Both FSG and NSG groups were asymptomatic at time of diagnosis.NSG had significantly higher intelligence quotient, quality of life, and adherence values compared with the LDG. The LDG and FSG had significantly higher methionine levels than the NSG. The LDG also had significantly higher total homocysteine levels than the NSG and FSG. Regression analysis confirmed these results even when adjusting for age at diagnosis, current age, or adherence. These findings increase the understanding of the natural history of HCU and highlight the importance of early diagnosis and treatment.SynopsisA study in 126 Qatari patients with HCU, including biochemical, clinical, and other key assessments, reveals that patients with a late clinical diagnosis have a poorer outcome, hereby highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and treatment.
A novel foam based separation strategy for extracting minute target impurities
Authors: Sadegh Shayan , Dasarathy Dhweeja , Ito Yoichiro 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to extract impurities from compounds using a simple separatory bottle to purify target compounds with a foam column and allow for the further characterization of impurities. Charged dyes were used as target compounds due to the ease of detection of dyes and isolated impurities. Foaming agents were used in a glass bottle with a modified cap to separate a target impurity using an appropriately charged ligand. By passing N2 gas through the solution, the surfactants sodium dodecyl sulfate and cetylpyridinium chloride generated foams that separated the dyes, Methylene blue and Orange G, respectively, from a solution containing both dyes. Sodium dodecyl sulfate condensed Methylene blue from the solution with high purity while cetylpyridinium chloride condensed Orange G with less purity. A range of concentrations (0.01–0.5 mmol/L) of dyes were used for separation. The condensability (volume and/or concentration) of the target compound increased as its concentration decreased. This novel separation method is a simple, rapid, inexpensive, and effective way to prepare samples and allows for the characterization of these impurities using sensitive analytical detection techniques.
Temperature dependence of the reactions of Cl with toluene and the xylenes
Authors: Frazee W. James , Roscoe John M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe temperature dependence of the rate coefficients for the reactions of Cl with toluene and the xylenes was examined from 290 to 362 K. Chemical analysis was by gas chromatography. The relative rate method was used for the kinetic analysis, and the relative rate coefficients were converted to absolute values using absolute rate coefficients for the reference reactions obtained from recent critical evaluations. Most of the measurements were made at a total pressure of approximately 100 kPa in argon. There was very little temperature dependence, and variation of the total pressure and the concentration of O2had no effect. The values of the absolute rate coefficients were independent of the reference reaction used. The reaction of Cl with toluene was studied relative to the reactions of Cl with isobutane, ethane, propane, andn‐butane. The results were virtually independent of temperature, giving a mean value of (5 ± 1) × 10−11cm3molecule–1s−1for the absolute rate coefficient at 95% confidence. The reactions of Cl with the xylenes were studied relative to the reactions of Cl with isobutane, ethane, and propane. The rate coefficients were independent of the xylene isomer and had a very small negative dependence on temperature. The mean value of the absolute rate coefficient at 298 K was (1.4 ± 0.3) × 10−10cm3molecule−1s–1at the 95% confidence level. The results are in satisfactory agreement with those in the literature, all of which were measured at fixed temperatures very close to 298 K. The kinetic results are discussed in relation to published descriptions of the dynamics of reactions of Cl and OH with organic compounds.
The “July effect”: Outcomes in microvascular reconstruction during resident transitions
Authors: Bresler Amishav Y. , Bavier Richard , Kalyoussef Evelyne , Baredes Soly , Park Richard Chan Woo 
Published: April 2019

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate the “July effect,” as a possible risk factor for perioperative complications in otolaryngology microvascular reconstruction during the transitional period in the academic calendar.Study DesignRetrospective database review.MethodsMicrovascular reconstruction outcomes in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (2005–2016) database were compared between the first academic quarter (July–September) to the last academic quarter (April–June). The primary outcome was 30‐day morbidity, and secondary outcomes included 30‐day mortality, operative complications, or postoperative adverse events.ResultsThere were 612 and 580 patients who underwent microvascular reconstruction during the first and last academic quarters, respectively. There was no significant difference between the 30‐day mortality between the first academic quarter (1.5%) and the last academic quarter (0.7%) (P = .194). There was no difference in 30‐day morbidity (47.9% vs. 49.5%, P = .586), operative complications (wound disruption, P = .151; bleeding, P = .526; operative time, P = .162), or postoperative adverse events (deep vein thrombosis, P = .460; pneumonia, P = .737; reintubation, P = .201; pulmonary embolism, P = .452; ventilation for >48 hours, P = .769; acute renal failure, P = .500; urinary tract infection, P = .693; unplanned readmission, P = .202; and mean length of stay, P = .497).ConclusionsThere appears to be no July effect in microvascular reconstruction. Further studies should identify the mechanisms that preserve the safety of this operation year‐round for application to other areas of medicine who have observed the July effect.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 130:893–898, 2020
Understanding Malawian farmers' slow adoption of composting: Stories about composting using a participatory video approach
Authors: Cai Tian , Steinfield Charles , Chiwasa Hastings , Ganunga Tadala 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSoil and land degradation is a common issue in Sub‐Saharan Africa leading to poor yield and threatening food security, yet soil conservation technologies remain underutilized. To build on prior work that primarily emphasizes demographic differences in adoption, this study contributes by identifying underlying social and cultural factors that influence farmers' perceptions about and willingness to adopt soil conservation management practices in a rural region of Malawi. Key informant interviews were first conducted to identify constraints slowing composting adoption, which were then used to structure the creation of participatory videos—videos created with the active participation of local farmers that demonstrated compost manure practices and benefits. Farmers from the same communities subsequently participated in focus group discussions before and after the moderated screening and discussion of these videos in order to obtain a more in‐depth understanding of the constraints and possible ways to overcome them. Among the identified constraints to the use of composting were inefficient government programs such as the Farm Input Subsidy Program that contributed to a belief that only subsidized chemical fertilizers provided positive returns on investment, a lack of support from extension services that diminished compost use, social norms around gender that hindered women farmers from attempting to use composting, and livelihood strategy changes that led to labour shortages. Findings from the focus groups showed that the participatory video method encouraged adoption by helping farmers, and especially women, to reconsider composting, test it, and reflect upon social and cultural constraints impeding adoption. Over half of the farmers in the study tested composting for the first time after discussing the videos and changed their perception of both the value of composting and their own ability to use these types of soil conservation practices.
Spatial and temporal patterns of water salinity in the marginal grabens of Ethiopia's Danakil Depression
Authors: Meaza Hailemariam , Hermans Laurens , Nyssen Jan , Frankl Amaury , Zenebe Amanuel , Demissie Biadgilgn , Asfaha Tesfaalem Ghebreyohannes , Van Eetvelde Veerle , Deckers Jozef , Poesen Jean 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRising salinity is a severe problem associated with land degradation in arid and semiarid regions. This study seeks to understand the spatiotemporal patterns of water salinity and their implication on the downstream water availability in the marginal grabens of northern Ethiopia. We measured the electrical conductivity (EC) of flash floods, baseflows, springs, wells, and lakes. A total of 1,168 samples was collected from 177 spatially distributed water sources (2016–2017). This study shows that there was a significant difference in the EC values of the water points between rainy (1,403 ± 425 μS cm−1) and dry seasons (2,261 ± 258 μS cm−1). Besides, there is an inverse relationship between the river discharges and the runoff EC in the study area. The average value of the water EC was also higher in the limestone area than in the basalt sites. In addition, the water EC increased from the escarpments (396 ± 176 μS cm−1) towards the outlets of the graben basins (1,670 ± 942 μS cm−1). These water EC hotspots in the dry season imply that the river basins are in a closing status due to the erratic rainfall and water extraction by humans. However, the rising water EC and moisture stress endanger the existing agricultural development. Because of the extent and seriousness of salinity, integrated catchment management strategies are needed to tackle the degrading water quality and quantity in the marginal grabens along the northern Ethiopia Rift Valley.
Silk Hydrogel Microfibers for Biomimetic Fibrous Material Design
Authors: Bradner Sarah A. , McGill Meghan , Golding Annie , Grudt Rachael , Kaplan David L. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractFiber units are conserved design motifs that bestow intrinsic stiffness to biological tissues. Collagen fibrils are the fundamental unit of fibrous tissues with controlled assembly and multiscale structure‐function properties. Characteristic non‐linear tissue response is afforded through energy dissipation at the stiff‐soft interfaces of fibril collagen and extrafibrillar matrix components. The goal of this research is to develop a 3D silk hydrogel microfiber platform with bioinspired toughening mechanisms. Batch fabrication and post‐processing renders fibers that can be handled and with tunable features, as well as loading of components to improve material responses. Matrix loading of a glycoprotein, bovine serum albumin (BSA), adds a primary defense mechanism to material failure in the form of sacrificial bonds. This enables nano‐ to micro‐scale rearrangement with strain and improved fiber toughness compared to silk‐only fibers. Further biomimicry is added via matrix loading of a biosilica precursor peptide, R5, enabling biomineralization in the form of silicification. Inorganic mineral deposition of Silk‐BSA‐R5 hydrogel microfibers provides a fibrous scaffold for applications that require fibril‐mineral interfaces for load transduction. This microfiber platform introduces a methodology for meticulous fibrous scaffold design with biomimetic fibril hierarchy, toughening mechanisms, and loading capabilities for systematic tissue engineering applications.
Prioritization and comprehensive analysis of genes related to major depressive disorder
Authors: Liu Yi , Fan Pengfei , Zhang Shiyuan , Wang Yidan , Liu Dan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is a serious mental health problem in modern society, which is difficult to identify and diagnose in the early stages. Despite strong evidence supporting the heritability of MDD, progresses in large‐scale and individual genetic studies remain preliminary.MethodsIn this study, a multi‐data source‐based prioritization (MDSP) method was proposed, and an appropriate threshold was determined for the optimization of depression‐related genes (DEPgenes). Analyses on Gene Ontology biological processes, KEGG pathway and the specific pathway crosstalk network were further proposed.ResultsA total of 143 DEPgenes were identified and the MDD‐specific network was constructed for the pathogenesis investigation and therapeutic methods development of MDD. Comparing with existing research strategies, the genetic optimization and analysis results were confirmed to be reliable. Finally, the pathway enrichment and crosstalk analyses revealed two unique pathway interaction modules that were significantly enriched with MDD genes. The related core pathways of neuroactive ligand‐receptor interaction and dopaminergic synapse supported the neuropathology hypothesis of MDD. And the pathways of serotonergic synapse and morphine addiction indicated the mechanism of drug addiction caused by serotonin used in the treatment.ConclusionsThis work provided a reference for the study of MDD, although future validation by extensive experimentation is still required.