bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Difference in Stroke Knowledge between Rural and Urban Communities in a Developing Country after Community-Based Stroke Educational Campaigns: Results from a Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Góngora-Rivera Fernando , González-Aquines Alejandro , Muruet Walter , Barrera-Barrera Silvia , Leal-Bailey Humberto , Espinosa-Ortega Meztli A. , Patrón-de Treviño Angelina , Jacobo-Saucedo Luis A. , Villarreal-Velazquez Hector J. , Garcia-Ortiz Walter , Saucedo-Ostos Yesica Y. , Cordero-Perez Adolfo C. , Chavez-Luevanos Beatriz Eugenia ,   on Behalf of Secretaria de Salud del Estado de Nuevo León and GECEN Investigators
Published: October 2018

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of disability and death in Mexico. Poor ability to identify signs and symptoms of ischemic stroke leads to longer hospital arrival times and precludes prompt treatment. The knowledge of stroke risk factors and warning signs in rural population is scarce. Since 2010, Stroke Education Campaigns are performed with a community-based approach. The aim of this study was to assess and compare stroke knowledge in rural and urban communities. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> During World Stroke Campaign, a standardized questionnaire to assess knowledge of stroke risk factors and warning signs was applied in urban and non-urban communities of Nuevo Leon, Mexico. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 4,144 surveys were collected. Mean age was 44.2 ± 16.1 and 75.9% were women. People from rural and semi-urban areas mentioned &#x3e; 3 risk factors (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001) and warning signs (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001) compared to the urban area. After logistic regression analysis, having received previous information about stroke remained significant for the knowledge of &#x3e; 3 stroke risk factors and warning signs (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001; 95% CI 1.997–2.727; <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001; 95% CI 1.880–3.787) respectively. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Rural and semi-urban regions performed better than the urban population. Receiving stroke information is a determinant factor for stroke knowledge. Stroke Educational Campaigns are a cost-effective method for raising stroke awareness, thus reducing stroke burden.
Controle e indução da função social da propriedade na escala da metrópole: a experiência paulistana entre os anos de 2014 e 2016
Authors: Campos Gustavo Soares Pires de 
Published: October 2018

No ano de 2013, o primeiro da gestão que governaria a cidade de São Paulo até 2016, o Departamento de Controle e Função Social da Propriedade (DCFSP) foi criado no âmbito da reforma administrativa empreendida dentro da Secretaria Municipal de Desenvolvimento Urbano. Entre os anos de 2014 e 2016, este departamento atuou procurando avaliar, notificar e induzir o cumprimento da função social da propriedade fundiária e imobiliária na cidade de São Paulo. Este artigo – utilizando-se dos relatórios anuais e demais documentos fornecidos pelo DCFSP em perspectiva comparada – procura traçar um rápido panorama da propriedade fundiária e imobiliária brasileira, bem como sua lógica patrimonialista, para então analisar o exercício do DCFSP na cidade de São Paulo entre os anos de 2014 e 2016, fazendo um balanço de suas realizações e as perspectivas que se colocam para a gestão municipal iniciada em 2017.
LIMITED RECOGNITION and LIMITED RELATIONS: TRNC
Authors: ÖZSAĞLAM Muhittin Tolga 
Published: October 2018

The classical international relations
system has been established on the basis of sovereign national states and their
territorial integrity since the Peace of Westphalia. However, the system has
been challenged since 1960s with the emergence of new actors in international
relations system. New states, as the members of the United Nations (UN),
emerged from the de-colonization process. Furthermore, non-governmental
organizations including secessionist movements had role in shaping of
international system.

International community has recently
witnessed new developments through the emergence of new states; such as TRNC,
Abkhazia, Kosova. These states are considered as the limited recognized states
which do not have membership to the UN.

This
study is analysing the status of TRNC in international relations system by
indicating its economic, social and political-diplomatic affairs with other
sovereign states and international institutions. TRNC is a de facto state which
is not a member of the UN. However, it establishes economic and political
affairs with other actors. The status of the TRNC represents uniqueness due to
its social and political order. Its EU citizens and suspended Acquis
communautaire also make the state exceptional.

Briefly,
this study illustrates the social, economic and political affairs of the TRNC
through making analytical extractions and referring to the statistical tangible
data.
Pediatric Sports Specialization in Elite Ice Hockey Players
Authors: Black Sarah , Black Kevin , Dhawan Aman , Onks Cayce , Seidenberg Peter , Silvis Matthew 
Published: October 2018

Background: Pediatric sports specialization, defined as intense year-round training in a single sport as a result of excluding other sports for more than 8 months per year, is common in the United States. There are demonstrated physical and social risks to early pediatric sports specialization (defined as before age 12 years). While thought to be needed to acquire appropriate experience and excel in a given sport, there remains little information on when athletes at the highest levels of their sport specialized. This study aimed to define when professional and collegiate ice hockey players specialized. Hypothesis: Early sports specialization before age 12 years will not be common among elite-level (professional and collegiate) ice hockey players. Study Design: Retrospective cross-sectional survey study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: Male professional and collegiate ice hockey players within 1 National Hockey League organization and 2 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) organizations who were 18 years of age or older completed a survey at training camp detailing their history of sports participation and specialization. Results: A total of 91 athletes participated in the study (mean age, 22.8 years; range, 18-39 years). The mean age at the start of any sports participation was 4.5 years, and the mean age of sports specialization was 14.3 years. The mean age of specialization in the professional group, the NCAA Division I group, and the NCAA Division III group was 14.1, 14.5, and 14.6 years, respectively. Conclusion: Early pediatric sports specialization is not common in elite-level (professional and collegiate) ice hockey players. Clinical Relevance: Early pediatric sports specialization before age 12 years is not necessary for athletic success in professional and collegiate ice hockey. This study provides further evidence supporting the recommendations of the American Medical Society for Sports Medicine, American Academy of Pediatrics, and American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine against early sports specialization.
Invasive pit pattern, macronodule and depression are predictive factors of submucosal invasion in colorectal laterally spreading tumours from a Western population
Authors: Soliman Heithem , Brieau Bertrand , Guillaumot Marie-Anne , Leblanc Sarah , Barret Maximilien , Camus Marine , Dior Marie , Terris Benoit , Coriat Romain , Prat Frédéric , Chaussade Stanislas 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundLaterally spreading tumours are separated in subclasses: granular, homogenous or nodular mixed; and non‐granular, flat or pseudodepressed. For every subtype, a proper risk of submucosal invasive cancer has been described in Asian series.ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to determine the rate of cancer and submucosal invasive cancer in a Western series of endoscopic‐resected laterally spreading tumours and their endoscopic predictive factors.MethodsA total of 374 laterally spreading tumours ≥20 mm were resected by endoscopy in our single centre between 2012–2016. We analysed endoscopic and pathological data from our prospective database, determining the rates of cancer and submucosal invasive cancer according to the subtype of laterally spreading tumour.ResultsThe rates of submucosal invasive cancer for granular homogenous, granular nodular mixed, non‐granular flat, non‐granular pseudodepressed laterally spreading tumours were 4.9%, 15.9%, 3.0% and 19.4%, respectively. Endoscopic mucosal resection was used in 58.0% and endoscopic submucosal dissection in 42.0%. Endoscopic submucosal dissection was associated with a higher rate of en‐bloc resection (87.3% vs 26.3%; p < 0.0001), and a lower risk of recurrence (7.6% vs 15.2%; p = 0.026). Adverse event rates were not statistically different (9.5% vs 6.4%, p = 0.26). Predictive endoscopic factors of submucosal invasive cancer were: invasive pit pattern (hazard ratio = 33 (8.81–143.3)), non‐granular pseudodepressed laterally spreading tumours (hazard ratio = 11.9 (0.89–146.2)), and granular nodular mixed laterally spreading tumours (hazard ratio = 3.42 (0.99–13.0)).ConclusionsThe risk of submucosal invasive cancer varies according to the laterally spreading tumour subtype. Three factors were associated with submucosal invasion and should justify an endoscopic submucosal dissection: non‐granular pseudodepressed laterally spreading tumours, granular nodular mixed laterally spreading tumours subtypes and invasive pit pattern.
Endoscopic-Assisted Zygomatic Arch Fracture Repair With a Preauricular Approach
Authors: Akdag Osman , Guray Evin Seyda , Isik Cemil , Tosun Zekeriya 
Published: October 2018

Introduction: Because of numerous negative sequelae with open techniques, endoscopic techniques are beginning to be widely used for maxillofacial fractures. Many endoscopic approaches for this area have been described according to several dissection plans and incisions. The aim of the present study was to report a new surgical incision and dissection method for zygomatic arch fracture that aims at reducing the complication rate of previously defined techniques. Material and Methods: The authors operated on 8 patients with a new endoscopic-assisted surgical technique. This study focused on evaluating the complication rate and surgical comfort of these patients. Results: Of the 8 patients, the plate was palpable in the zygomatic arch in one. No complications occurred due to this technique during the 1-year follow-up. Symmetrical facial contour and inconspicuous scars were obtained in all patients. Average operative time was 3 hours; hospitalization time was 1.6 days. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that an endoscopic-assisted surgical approach with a preauricular mini-incision can be safely performed in isolated multifragment zygomatic arch fractures. Using individually designed plates improved our results. This technique is easy to apply, its cosmetic results are good, and its complication rate is low.
Fam46a regulates BMP-dependent pre-placodal ectoderm differentiation in Xenopus
Authors: Watanabe Tomoko , Yamamoto Takayoshi , Tsukano Kohei , Hirano Sayuki , Horikawa Ayumi , Michiue Tatsuo 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
The pre-placodal ectoderm (PPE) is a specialized ectodermal region which gives rise to the sensory organs and other systems. The PPE is induced from the neural plate border during neurulation, but the molecular mechanism of PPE formation is not fully understood. In this study, we examined the role of a newly identified PPE gene, Fam46a, during embryogenesis. Fam46a contains a nucleoside triphosphate transferase domain, but its function in early development was previously unclear. We show that Fam46a is expressed in the PPE in Xenopus embryos, and Fam46a knockdown induces abnormalities in the eye formation and the body color. At the neurula stage, Fam46a upregulates the expression of PPE genes and inhibits neural crest formation. We also show that Fam46a physically interacts with Smad1/Smad4 and positively regulates BMP signaling. From these results, we conclude that Fam46a is required for PPE formation via the positive regulation of BMP signaling. Our study provides a new mechanism of ectodermal patterning via cell-autonomous regulation of BMP signaling in the PPE.
A selective non-operative approach to thoracic stab wounds is safe and cost effective – a South African experience
Authors: Dayananda KSS , Kong VY , Bruce JL , Oosthuizen GV , Laing GL , Brysiewicz P , Clarke DL 
Published: October 2018

Introduction Penetrating thoracic trauma is common and costly. Injuries are frequently and selectively amenable to non-operative management. Our selective approach to penetrating thoracic trauma is reviewed and the effectiveness of our clinical algorithms confirmed. Additionally, a basic cost analysis was undertaken to evaluate the financial impact of a selective nonoperative management approach to penetrating thoracic trauma. Materials and methods The Pietermaritzburg Metropolitan Trauma Services electronic regional trauma registry hybrid electronic medical records were reviewed, highlighted all penetrating thoracic traumas. A micro-cost analysis estimated expenses for active observation, tube thoracostomy for isolated pneumothorax greater than 2 cm and tube thoracostomy for haemothorax. Routine thoracic computed tomography does not form part of these algorithms. Results Isolated thoracic stab wounds occurred in 589 patients. Eighty per cent (472 cases) were successfully managed nonoperatively. Micro-costing shows that active observation costs 4,370 ZAR (£270), tube thoracostomy for isolated pneumothorax costs 6,630 ZAR (£400) and tube thoracostomy for haemothorax costs 21,850 ZAR (£1,310). Discussion Penetrating thoracic trauma places a striking financial burden on our limited resources. Diligent and serial clinical assessments, alongside basic radiology and stringent management criteria, can accurately stratify patients to correct clinical algorithms. Conclusion Selective nonoperative management for penetrating thoracic trauma is safe and effective. Routine thoracic computed tomography is unnecessary in all patients with isolated thoracic stab wounds, which can be reserved for a select group who are identifiable clinically. Routine thoracic computed tomography would not be financially prudent across Pietermaritzburg Metropolitan Trauma Services. Government action is required to reduce the overall incidence of such trauma to save resources and patients.
Are on-the-day group and save samples required for elective shoulder, hip and knee arthroplasties?
Authors: Hainsworth L , Tracy J , Spolton-Dean C , Donaldson O 
Published: October 2018

Introduction Historically, patients undergoing an elective hip, knee or shoulder arthroplasty regularly required blood transfusions. Improved surgical techniques and perioperative optimisation have significantly decreased the requirement for blood transfusions. Currently, our patients have two group and save samples taken: one six weeks preoperatively and one on admission. This study aims to determine whether a second group and save is required prior to primary elective hip, knee or shoulder arthroplasty. Methods All cases of elective arthroplasty from a single centre were retrospectively analysed over a 16-month period. Each case was reviewed to determine those who had a group and save at preassessment, group and save at the time of the operation and the timing and number of blood products transfused. Results A total of 711 elective arthroplasty procedures were completed with 48 patients requiring a transfusion during their admission. 9.9% of hip arthroplasty patients, 3.8% of knee arthroplasty patients and 4.9% of shoulder arthroplasty patients required a transfusion. The majority of the transfusions occurred at least 24 hours postoperatively with 0.84% of patients requiring an intraoperative transfusion. Discussion The vast majority of transfusions were delivered more than 24 hours following the procedure, demonstrating that routinely cross-matched blood products are superfluous to requirements. It is our suggestion that a formal group and save be completed only if the need for a blood transfusion is formally established, leading to a significant cost saving, a reduction in clinical work load and patients having to undergo fewer procedures.
Combined ultrasound and Sestamibi scintigraphy provides accurate preoperative localisation for patients with primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Scattergood S , Marsden M , Kyrimi E , Ishii H , Doddi S , Sinha P 
Published: October 2018

IntroductionMinimally invasive parathyroidectomy has advantages over the traditional bilateral neck exploration for the surgical treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism. It requires accurate localisation of the parathyroid pathology prior to surgery. The best method of preoperative localisation in a district general hospital setting is not well understood.MethodsAll patients who underwent parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism from 2008 to 2016 were identified from a prospectively maintained database. Operative findings were correlated with radiological and histological results. Sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound, sestamibi scintigraphy and the two together were calculated for diagnostic precision and compared.ResultsOne hundred and eighty-four patients met the inclusion criteria, of whom 81.5% had a histological diagnosis of a parathyroid adenoma. Ultrasound had higher sensitivity than sestamibi scintigraphy. Used together, ultrasound and sestamibi scintigraphy performed better than either ultrasound or sestamibi scintigraphy alone (P< 0.001). Twenty-two of 184 cases had no lesion located by either ultrasound or sestamibi scintigraphy preoperatively. Where neither ultrasound nor sestamibi scintigraphy located the lesion, additional computed tomography led to the excision of parathyroid pathology in one in ten patients.ConclusionThe combination of ultrasound and sestamibi scintigraphy provides the highest sensitivity of preoperative localisation. This approach led to a high success rate of minimally invasive parathyroidectomy. Where preoperative localisation is not achieved with ultrasound or sestamibi scintigraphy, computed tomography adds little additional benefit. In this setting other modalities of localisation such a selective venous sampling, intraoperative methylene blue or intraoperative parathyroid hormone levels could be considered.
Quasilinear elliptic systems in divergence form associated to general nonlinearities
Authors: D’Ambrosio Lorenzo , Mitidieri Enzo 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The paper is concerned with a priori estimates of positive solutions of quasilinear elliptic systems of equations or inequalities in an open set of

Ω
⊂

ℝ
N

{\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^{N}}

associated to general continuous nonlinearities satisfying a local assumption near zero. As a consequence, in the case

Ω
=

ℝ
N

{\Omega=\mathbb{R}^{N}}

, we obtain nonexistence theorems of positive solutions. No hypotheses on the solutions at infinity are assumed.
Design of Impeller Blades for Intensification of Gas-Liquid Dispersion Process in a Stirred Tank
Authors: Gu Deyin , Liu Zuohua , Tao Changyuan , Li Jun , Wang Yundong 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Gas-liquid dispersion characteristics were experimentally investigated by measuring largest Lyapunov exponent (LLE), relative power demand (RPD), and local gas holdup in a stirred tank with rigid impellers, rigid-flexible impellers, and punched rigid-flexible impellers. Results showed that punched rigid-flexible impeller could enhance the value of LLE, namely, the chaotic mixing degree of gas-liquid system compared with rigid impeller and rigid-flexible impeller. RPD for punched rigid-flexible impeller was higher than that for rigid impeller and rigid-flexible impeller. The local gas holdup of punched rigid-flexible impeller system was higher than those of rigid impeller system and rigid-flexible impeller system at the same Pg,m. In addition, a long flexible connection piece length could improve the chaotic mixing degree, RPD, and local gas holdup. The aperture diameter of 8 mm and free area ratio of 12 % of punched rigid-flexible impeller were particularly suitable for the gas-liquid dispersion process in this work.
Examination of Physical Fitness Parameters Between Professional and Amateur Greek Soccer Players During the Transition Period
Authors: Bekris Evangelos , Pidoulas Georgios , Pidoulas Pantelis , Gissis Ioannis , Katis Athanasios , Komsis Stergios 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Bekris, E, Pidoulas, G, Pidoulas, P, Gissis, I, Katis, A, and Komsis, S. Examination of physical fitness parameters between professional and amateur Greek soccer players during the transition period. J Strength Cond Res 35(3): 776–781, 2021—The aim of the study was to compare physical fitness parameters between professional and amateur soccer players of different levels. The sample consisted of 381 soccer players divided in 4 experimental groups: first division professional players (n = 115), second division professional players (n = 70), third division semiprofessional players (n = 93), and amateur soccer players (n = 103). Players were tested for several physiological parameters at the end of the transition period. Analysis of variance showed significantly lower body fat and increased maximum oxygen consumption (V̇o
2max) and velocity of maximum oxygen consumption (vV̇o
2max) values for first division professional players compared with the other experimental groups (p < 0.05). Similarly, first division professional players showed higher performance during squat jump and countermovement jump test compared with the other experimental groups (p < 0.05). Significant differences on flexibility test were observed between amateur players and the other group (p < 0.05). The results of the study indicated that Greek soccer players at the highest level overcome in almost all the underexamination physiological parameters probably because of less absence from training and better implementation of training programs during the transition period.
Experimental Study of Crack Propagation Law of Shale Containing Prefabricated Fractures
Authors: He Shunyou 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Two collinear fractures were prefabricated on plate shale using a high-pressure water jet technique. These prefabricated fractures were then filled with cement. Uniaxial compression tests were conducted to study the crack propagation characteristics of rock specimens containing closed collinear fractures, and the crack propagation process was recorded using a high-definition camera. The results show the following: (1) Two types of crack were observed in the mechanically damaged specimen: tensile cracks represented by wing cracks and antiwing cracks and compression-shear cracks represented by secondary coplanar cracks and compression cracks. (2) Different branch cracks that emerge at different times. (3) If the space between fractures is shorter than the fracture length, crack band can be formed through crack coalescence in the mode of shearing coalescence, tensile-shear-tensile coalescence, and shear-tensile-shear coalescence; otherwise, it will not occur; if equal, crack coalescence will occur in partial rock specimens. (4) The initial crack angle of wing cracks ranges from 46° to 86°, averaging at 66.26°. (5) The deterioration degree of compressive strength of prefabricated fracture–containing shale is larger than its elasticity modulus. (6) From the perspective of fracture mechanics, the crack initiation sequence, the extending angles of wing crack and antiwing crack, and the advantageous crack angle of collinear crack model were analyzed.