bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
De l'adjectif : lecture d'une grammaire
Authors: Delesalle Simone 
Published: March 2019

On se propose ici d'étudier le traitement d'une partie du discours, l'adjectif, dans une grammaire scolaire des années 50. Ce texte nous a paru exemplaire en ce qu'il révèle, dans son souci même d'exhaustivité et de cohérence, les problèmes que pose cette catégorie, qu'il s'agisse de sa définition, de son extension, de sa nature ou de ses fonctions.
Mots-clés : Partie du discours ; Adjectif ; Epithète ; Attribut ; Groupe de nom ; Groupe de verbe ; Catégorie ; Fonction.
Mapping the Magnetic Field of Flare Coronal Loops
Authors: Kuridze D. , Mathioudakis M. , Morgan H. , Oliver R. , Kleint L. , Zaqarashvili T. V. , Reid A. , Koza J. , Löfdahl M. G. , Hillberg T. , Kukhianidze V. , Hanslmeier A. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Here, we report on the unique observation of flaring coronal loops at the solar limb using high-resolution imaging spectropolarimetry from the Swedish 1 m Solar Telescope. The vantage position, orientation, and nature of the chromospheric material that filled the flare loops allowed us to determine their magnetic field with unprecedented accuracy using the weak-field approximation method. Our analysis reveals coronal magnetic field strengths as high as 350 G at heights up to 25 Mm above the solar limb. These measurements are substantially higher than a number of previous estimates and may have considerable implications for our current understanding of the extended solar atmosphere.
Statistics of Coronal Dimmings Associated with Coronal Mass Ejections. II. Relationship between Coronal Dimmings and Their Associated CMEs
Authors: Dissauer K. , Veronig A. M. , Temmer M. , Podladchikova T. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
We present a statistical study of 62 coronal dimming events associated with Earth-directed coronal mass ejections (CMEs) during the quasi-quadrature period of STEREO and the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). This unique setting allows us to study both phenomena in great detail and compare characteristic quantities statistically. Coronal dimmings are observed on-disk by the SDO/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly and the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager, while the CME kinematics during the impulsive acceleration phase is studied close to the limb with STEREO/EUVI and COR, minimizing projection effects. The dimming area, its total unsigned magnetic flux, and its total brightness, reflecting properties of the total dimming region at its final extent, show the highest correlations with the CME mass (c ∼ 0.6–0.7). Their corresponding time derivatives, describing the dynamics of the dimming evolution, show the strongest correlations with the CME peak velocity (c ∼ 0.6). The highest correlation of c = 0.68 ± 0.08 is found with the mean intensity of dimmings, indicating that the lower the CME starts in the corona, the faster it propagates. No significant correlation between dimming parameters and the CME acceleration was found. However, for events where high-cadence STEREO observations were available, the mean unsigned magnetic field density in the dimming regions tends to be positively correlated with the CME peak acceleration (c = 0.42 ± 0.20). This suggests that stronger magnetic fields result in higher Lorentz forces providing stronger driving force for the CME acceleration. Specific coronal dimming parameters correlate with both CME and flare quantities providing further evidence for the flare-CME feedback relationship. For events in which the CME occurs together with a flare, coronal dimmings statistically reflect the properties of both phenomena.
What Is Inside Matters: Simulated Green Valley Galaxies Have too Centrally Concentrated Star Formation
Authors: Starkenburg Tjitske K. , Tonnesen Stephanie , Kopenhafer Claire 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In spatially resolved galaxy observations, star formation rate (SFR) radial profiles are found to correlate with total specific SFRs. A central depletion in star formation is thought to correlate with the globally depressed SFRs of, for example, galaxies within the Green Valley (GV). We present, for the first time, radial specific SFR profiles for a statistical sample of simulated galaxies from the Illustris and EAGLE large cosmological simulations. For galaxies on the star-forming sequence, simulated specific SFR profiles are in reasonable agreement with observations. However, both galaxy samples show centrally concentrated star formation for galaxies in the GV at all galaxy stellar masses, suggesting that quenching occurs from the outside-in, in strong conflict with observations of inside-out quenching. This difference between simulations and observations may be due to resolution issues and/or possible failures in the star formation and feedback implementation in current large-scale cosmological simulations. We conclude that the distribution of star formation within galaxies is a strong additional constraint for simulations and models, in particular, related to the quenching of star formation.
Multiple Outbursts of Asteroid (6478) Gault*
Authors: Ye 叶泉 Quanzhi 志 , Kelley Michael S. P. , Bodewits Dennis , Bolin Bryce , Jones Lynne , Lin 林忠 Zhong-Yi 義 , Bellm Eric C. , Dekany Richard , Duev Dmitry A. , Groom Steven , Helou George , Kulkarni Shrinivas R. , Kupfer Thomas , Masci Frank J. , Prince Thomas A. , Soumagnac Maayane T. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Main-belt asteroid (6478) Gault unexpectedly sprouted two tails in late 2018 and early 2019, identifying it as a new active asteroid. Here we present observations obtained by the 1.2 m Zwicky Transient Facility survey telescope that provide detailed time-series coverage of the onset and evolution of Gault’s activity. Gault exhibited two brightening events, with the first one starting on 2018 October 18 ± 5 days and a second one starting on 2018 December 24 ± 1 days. The amounts of mass released are 2 × 107 kg and 1 × 106 kg, respectively. Based on photometric measurements, each event persisted for about a month. Gault’s color has not changed appreciably over time, with a pre-outburst color of g
PS1 − r
PS1 = 0.50 ± 0.04 and g
PS1 − r
PS1 = 0.46 ± 0.04 during the two outbursts. Simulations of dust dynamics shows that the ejecta consists of dust grains of up to 10 μm in size that are ejected at low velocities below

regardless of particle sizes. This is consistent with non-sublimation-driven ejection events. The size distribution of the dust exhibits a broken power law, with particles at 10–20 μm following a power law of −2.5 to −3.0, while larger particles follow a steeper slope of −4.0. The derived properties can be explained by either rotational excitation of the nucleus or a merger of a near-contact binary, with the latter scenario to be statistically more likely.
Health care-associated infection surveillance: A prospective study of a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Kilic Atila , Okulu Emel , Kocabas Bilge Aldemir , Alan Serdar , Cakir Ufuk , Yildiz Duran , Kahvecioglu Dilek , Akin Ilke Mungan , Erdeve Omer , Arsan Saadet , Ince Erdal , Atasay Begum 
Published: March 2019

Introduction: Health care-associated infection (HCAI) is a serious problem of neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) which is related to morbidity, mortality and increased cost of medical care. This study aimed to determine the incidence of HCAI in a tertiary NICU and identify the risk factors.
Methodology: This prospective cohort study was conducted between July 1, 2011 and June 30, 2012. All newborns admitted to the NICU except for those who died or were discharged within 48 hours after admission were included. The definitions of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) were used to diagnose specific types of infections. The incidence, causative organisms, risk factors and mortality of HCAIs were evaluated.
Results: Among 352 newborns, a total of 60 HCAI episodes were evaluated in 37 (10.5%) of the patients over 5,212 patient-days. The overall incidence of HCAI was 17%, and the rate was 11.5/1,000 patient-days. Blood stream infection (BSI) was the most common HCAI (n = 42, 70%). In a multivariable logistic regression analysis, the presence of a central venous catheter/umbilical catheter (CVC/UC), the presence of a urinary catheter, and gestational age (< 32 weeks of gestation) were identified as significant independent risk factors. Gram-negative pathogens were the most common isolates. The overall mortality rate was 4%. The HCAI-related mortality rate was 10.8%.
Conclusions: Patient care quality can be improved with surveillance of HCAI. The incidence and rate of HCAI in our NICU were found to be higher than international reports with a direct impact on mortality of preterm infants.
Impact of PCV7 vaccination on nasopharyngeal carriage and antimicrobial resistance among children in Turkey
Authors: Kaya Gursoy Basak , Beyazova Ufuk , Oguz Melahat Melek , Demirel Filiz , Ozkan Secil , Sultan Nedim , Nar Otgun Selin 
Published: March 2019

Introduction: We aimed to evaluate the effects of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae and antibiotic resistance in children in a well-child clinic in a tertiary children’s hospital in Turkey.
Methodology: We collected nasopharyngeal (NP) specimens from 557 two-month-old babies before vaccination. After the study population had received PCV7, NP samples were obtained from 135 babies. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and serotyping were performed.
Results: S. pneumoniae colonized in 48 (8.6%) of the 557 two-month-old babies before vaccination. The follow-up cohort consisted of 135 subjects. The prevalence of PCV7 strain decreased from 33.3% to 19.3% after vaccination. However, non-PCV7 types increased from 66.6% to 80.6% (p = 0.02). Of PCV7 serotypes, 19F was the most frequent serotype before and after vaccination. There was an increase in 6A and 15 of non-PCV7 serotypes after vaccination. Penicillin non-susceptible increased from 56.3% to 80.6% after vaccination (p =0.03). Serotypes 14, 18C, 9V and 6B, which were identified before vaccination, never colonized afterwards. Number of siblings and having sibling with older age of five were determined to be significant effective factors for SP colonization presence after vaccination and antibiotic use was negatively associated with pneumococcal carriage but associated with penicillin non-susceptibility.
Conclusions: Nasopharyngeal carriage rate of S. pneumoniae dropped after PCV7 vaccination, and replacement by NVT pneumococci were also observed. Risk factors for nasopharyngeal carriage included household crowding and having a sibling age five years or older. Penicillin non-susceptibility increased in both VT and NVT strains.
Les « upgradings stratégiques » des firmes subordonnées dans les CGV : le cas des éleveurs investissant dans des unités de méthanisation
Authors: Berthe Alexandre , Grouiez Pascal , Dupuy Louis 
Published: March 2019

Cet article porte sur l’analyse des stratégies d’upgrading en se focalisant sur l’échelle des firmes subordonnées, à la différence de son étude plus classique à l’échelle de la chaîne globale de valeur (CGV). Cette approche conduit à développer le concept d’« upgrading stratégique », à étudier l’environnement institutionnel des firmes subordonnées et à mobiliser les concepts propres à l’économie industrielle tels que les logiques de différenciation, de diversification, de spécialisation pour comprendre les stratégies de ces firmes. Il s’agit de reconsidérer ainsi l’upgrading inter-chaîne, c’est-à-dire l’amélioration de la position d’acteurs au sein d’une CGV en intégrant une autre CGV. Nous confrontons cette proposition à une étude de cas territorialisée sur le développement de la méthanisation par des exploitants agricoles ardennais. Nous montrons que ces agriculteurs s’insèrent dans la CGV-biomasse énergie émergente en fonction de leur expérience d’acteurs « captifs » dans la chaîne CGV agro-industrielle. En particulier, ils ont dimensionné leur unité de méthanisation pour être autonomes vis-à-vis des agro-industriels. Cette nouvelle activité a par ailleurs des effets retour sur leur positionnement dans la CGV agro-industrielle.Classification JEL : L22, L23, Q13, Q16, Q42.
Shifting Dynamics of Intestinal Macrophages during Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Adult Rhesus Macaques
Authors: Takahashi Naofumi , Sugimoto Chie , Allers Carolina , Alvarez Xavier , Kim Woong-Ki , Didier Elizabeth S. , Kuroda Marcelo J. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The intestinal tract is a primary barrier to invading pathogens and contains immune cells, including lymphocytes and macrophages. We previously reported that CD163+CD206− (single-positive [SP]) interstitial macrophages of the lung are short-lived and succumb early to SIV infection. Conversely, CD163+CD206+ (double-positive [DP]) alveolar macrophages are long-lived, survive after SIV infection, and may contribute to the virus reservoir. This report characterizes analogous populations of macrophages in the intestinal tract of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) with SIV/AIDS. By flow cytometry analysis, immunofluorescence staining, and confocal microscopy, CD163+CD206+ DP macrophages predominated in the lamina propria of uninfected animals, compared with CD163+CD206− SP macrophages, which predominated in the lamina propria in animals with SIV infection that were exhibiting AIDS. In submucosal areas, CD163+CD206+ DP macrophages predominated in both SIV-infected and uninfected macaques. Furthermore, BrdU-labeled CD163+CD206+ DP and CD163+CD206− SP macrophages recently arriving in the colon, which are both presumed to be shorter-lived, were observed to localize only in the lamina propria. Conversely, longer-lived CD163+CD206+ DP macrophages that retained dextran at least 2 mo after in vivo administration localized exclusively in the submucosa. This suggests that CD163+CD206+ DP intestinal macrophages of the lamina propria were destroyed after SIV infection and replaced by immature CD163+CD206− SP macrophages, whereas longer-lived CD163+CD206+ DP macrophages remained in the submucosa, supporting their potential role as an SIV/HIV tissue reservoir. Moreover, the DP macrophages in the submucosa, which differ from lamina propria DP macrophages, may be missed from pinch biopsy sampling, which may preclude detecting virus reservoirs for monitoring HIV cure.
Rethinking Craig and Gordon's approach to modeling isotopic compositions of marine boundary layer vapor
Authors: Feng Xiahong , Posmentier Eric S. , Sonder Leslie J. , Fan Naixin 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. We develop a one-dimensional (1-D) steady-state isotope
marine boundary layer (MBL) model that includes meteorologically important
features missing in models of the Craig and Gordon type, namely height-dependent
diffusion and mixing, lifting to deliver air to the free troposphere, and
convergence of subsiding air. Kinetic isotopic fractionation results from
this height-dependent diffusion that starts as pure molecular diffusion at
the air–water interface and increases with height due to turbulent eddies.
Convergence causes mixing of dry, isotopically depleted air with ambient
air. Model results fill a quadrilateral in δD–δ18O
space, of which three boundaries are defined by (1) vapor in
equilibrium with various sea surface temperatures (SSTs), (2) mixing of vapor
in equilibrium with seawater and vapor in subsiding air, and (3) vapor that
has experienced maximum possible kinetic fractionation. Model processes also
cause variations in d-excess of MBL vapor. In particular, mixing of
relatively high d-excess descending and converging air into the MBL increases
d-excess, even without kinetic isotope fractionation. The model is tested by
comparison with seven data sets of marine vapor isotopic ratios, with
excellent correspondence. About 95 % of observational data fall within the
quadrilateral predicted by the model. The distribution of observations also
highlights the significant influence of vapor from nearby converging
descending air on isotopic variations within the MBL. At least three factors
may explain the ∼5 % of observations that fall slightly
outside of the predicted regions in δD–δ18O and
d-excess–δ18O space: (1) variations in seawater isotopic ratios,
(2) variations in isotopic composition of subsiding air, and (3) influence of sea spray.
China’s E-Economy: An overview of Opportunities and Threats
Authors: Yao Qiao 
Published: March 2019

China is the world biggest country in terms of population. It has the highest number of internet and mobile users. The world most substantial labor forces reside in China. A large proportion of the world is dependent on its exports. Chinas economy grew, in the last decade because of its exports, it got attention all over the world. Economy experts consider China as an economic threat to the USA. However, more studies are mainly focused on China populations, Exports, and labor focus because of the high quantity. The dynamics of the economy has changed in the last decade because of internet penetration across the globe. The Chinas role in digital aspects is least studied. Therefore this paper has focused on providing an overview of E-economy of China. Through literature and world-leading financial and consultancy firms reports it has been observed that just like other aspects of the economy, the e-economy of China is also growing. Today in 2019 where more than 50% of the world has access to the internet, It is considered that the Silicon Valley of USA is deriving the digital age because all big tech companies are located in the USA. USA main exports are Internet-related or Tech products. It is a fact that the USA E-economy contributes more to GDP compared to China. However, China has a potentially bright future in this area and can be the leading country in technology. Exploring the future possibilities, the opportunities which China has to grow in the digital age, the researchers found already there are areas in digital aspects where China has to outnumber the USA. For instance, the Fintech China got more Capital venture investments in 2016 compared to the USA. China is the world second country after the USA in attracting venture capital investment for Virtual Reality, Autonomous Driving, Wearables technologies, Education Technology, Robotics and drones, and 3D Printing. China is in the third position in terms of attracting investment for big data and artificial intelligence. The study concludes that China needs to focus more on big data and AI to continue its growth. The growing digitalization can improve agriculture and industrial activities as the economy is maturing. The paper is useful for digital experts to view the understand the e-economy in depth, future researchers can narrow down the topic to observe the impact of E-economy on agriculture and industrial sector.
Daniel’s Greek Loanwords in Dialectal Perspective
Authors: Noonan Benjamin J. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Scholarship on Daniel’s Greek loanwords exhibits two significant trends. Many scholars since S. R. Driver have expressed agnosticism toward the loanwords’ significance for dating the traditions of Daniel, and most scholars have not investigated the dialectal features of the loanwords. In this article, I argue that at least four of the Greek loans found in the book of Daniel (קִיתָרוֹס, שַׂבְּכָא, פְּסַנְתֵּרִין, and כָּרוֹז) exhibit non-Attic features. Because Greeks speaking dialects other than Attic had the most influence linguistically in the ancient Near East prior to the Hellenistic era, and because Attic increasingly came to supplant the non-Attic dialects beginning with the fifth century BC, Daniel’s Greek loanwords were probably borrowed earlier rather than later. This, in turn, supports an early date for the traditions in Dan 3, an important conclusion to be considered in discussions of the book’s composition.
CHARACTERIZATION OF CELLULOSE AND CELLULOSE NITRATE NANOFILMSSE
Authors: Elita Carneiro Mayara , Stygar Lopes Marina , Franco Baumel de Andrade Anna Luisa , Nisgoski Silvana , Inês Bolzon de Muniz Graciela 
Published: March 2019

The objective of this work was the characterization of cellulose and cellulose nitrate nanofilms from the mixture of Kraft pulps of Pinus sp. and Eucalyptus sp. bleached. The production of nanocellulose was made by mechanical processing. To obtain the cellulose nitrate, the nitration was carried out in part of the produced nanocellulose. The characterizations were performed by means of scanning electron microscopy, medium infrared spectroscopy, tensile strength and absorption assay. The results demonstrate that there was influence of nitration in the characteristics of the films produced. The nanofilms of cellulose nitrate appear more interesting for the absorption property, indicating the use of this process for uses that require this characteristic.
Post-Legislative Scrutiny in a Non-Westminster Parliament
Authors: Murphy Jonathan , Mishura Svitlana 
Published: March 2019

Post-Legislative Scrutiny in a Non-Westminster Parliament: Opportunities, Challenges and Considerations
Post-legislative scrutiny (PLS) has generated growing interest as a means both for strengthening the legislative process and for permitting parliament to more effectively integrate its legislative and oversight functions. Engagement throughout the cycle of legislative development, adoption and implementation enables parliament to assure laws are properly implemented and to rectify weaknesses either in original legislative conceptualization or in executive implementation. Carried out properly, PLS should improve governance and increase its democratic accountability. Recent attention to PLS has however focused mainly on its role and use in Westminster-type parliaments. This article explores PLS from the perspective of non-Westminster parliaments. It seeks to understand why PLS in non-Westminster parliaments has received comparatively less scholarly and parliamentary development practitioner attention. The article uses a case study of Ukraine to explore the context and challenges for effective PLS, a non-Westminster emerging democracy. It concludes by proposing rebalancing discussion of PLS to take better account of diverse parliamentary models and suggests approaches to supporting PLS development in parliaments where it has not previously been consistently used
Post-Legislative Scrutiny in New Zealand
Authors: Chauvel Charles 
Published: March 2019

Post-Legislative Scrutiny in New Zealand: A Focus on Delegated Legislation
In New Zealand, a scheme for the political post-legislative scrutiny of delegated legislation has operated since 1989. The Regulations Review Committee of the House of Representatives systematically considers delegated legislation and may inquire into matters relating to it. By convention the Committee is chaired by a member of an opposition party and is supported by a dedicated secretariat. It may, on grounds that go beyond vires, draw the attention of the House to any provision of any regulation. If one of its members moves to disallow a statutory instrument, and if debate on the member’s motion is not brought on within a specified period, the instrument ceases to have legal effect. The note considers aspects of the Committee’s jurisdiction, and whether the successful operation of the Committee may have led to excess focus on the scrutiny of delegated legislation at the expense of the systemic post-enactment scrutiny of primary legislation.