bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of quadrangular bismuth oxychloride NFs for the reduction of 4‐NP and the degradation of rhodamine B
Authors: Liu Ya , Miao Yuqing 
Published: January 2019

The quadrangular (QA) bismuth oxychloride nanoflakes (NFs) were synthesised by a simple solvothermal reaction. They were characterised by scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and X‐ray diffractometer. As catalysts, the square NFs exhibited excellent catalytic performance in the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP) and the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB). The complete reduction of 4‐NP to 4‐aminophenol was obtained in 30 s and the nearly complete degradation of RhB in 20 min.
Metakognitives Training bei Psychose
Authors: Bensing Lea 
Published: January 2019

ZusammenfassungWahnhafte Patienten haben oft verzerrte Denkmuster – sie zu durchbrechen, ist
häufig sehr schwierig. Eine Möglichkeit ist das Metakognitive Training: Hier
werden die Teilnehmenden anhand von theoretischem Input und praktischen Übungen
auf ihre Denkverzerrungen aufmerksam gemacht. Dadurch gelingt es ihnen, eine
Metaperspektive einzunehmen, um gewohnte Denkprozesse kritisch zu hinterfragen
und Alternativen abzuwägen.
Vaskuläre Biomarker der retinalen Gefäßanalyse
Authors: Kotliar Konstantin , Lanzl Ines 
Published: January 2019

ZusammenfassungMit modernen nicht invasiven bildgebenden Verfahren lassen sich anhand der Fundusfotografie bzw. der optischen Verfilmung Aspekte der funktionellen und strukturellen retinalen Gefäßveränderungen objektiv untersuchen. Der Zustand und das Verhalten retinaler Gefäße beeinflussen im prä-, post- und kapillaren Bereich den Blutfluss und strömungsbedingte Stoffwechselverhältnisse passiv und aktiv über den Gefäßdurchmesser. Retinale Gefäße gleichen von Aufbau und Funktion den zerebralen Gefäßen und spiegeln den Zustand der Mikrozirkulation wider. Mithilfe von aus den Gefäßweiten berechneten Biomarkern soll eine Aussage über die Prognose von systemischen vaskulär bedingten Erkrankungen getroffen werden. Die statische retinale Gefäßanalyse befasst sich mit der Untersuchung des Zustandes der prä- und postkapillaren Gefäßdurchmesser der retinalen Mikrozirkulation anhand einer optischen Fundusaufnahme. Bei der dynamischen retinalen Gefäßanalyse wird der Längsschnitt eines retinalen Gefäßes nicht invasiv funktionell und strukturell über einen Zeitraum vor, während und nach einer spezifischen vaskulären Stimulation untersucht. Die genaue Methodologie der Auswertung und die Bezeichnung der Parameter variieren bei unterschiedlichen Ansätzen. Mittels retinaler Gefäßanalyse wurden bislang mehrere klinische Querschnitts- und Interventionsstudien in der Augenheilkunde und anderen Fachgebieten, inkl. Kardiologie, Neurologie, Neurochirurgie, Nephrologie, Gynäkologie, Sportmedizin, Diabetologie, Hypertensiologie usw. durchgeführt. Mit der statischen retinalen Gefäßanalyse steht eine kostengünstige, reproduzierbare, nicht invasive Screeningtechnik zur Verfügung, um eine prognostische Aussage über die Gefäßgesundheit eines individuellen Patienten zu treffen. Die dynamische retinale Gefäßanalyse besitzt ein weiteres diagnostisches Anwendungsspektrum als die statische, da sie das Verhalten retinaler Gefäße zeitkontinuierlich untersucht. Die Evaluation vaskulärer Erkrankungen sowie zerebro- bzw. kardiovaskulärer Morbidität und Mortalität mittels mehrerer methodologischer Modalitäten retinaler Gefäßanalyse mit ihren jeweiligen quantitativen Biomarkern bietet eine zukunftsträchtige diagnostische Perspektive. Die interdisziplinäre klinische Anwendung dieser vaskulären Biomarker gewinnt zunehmend an Bedeutung, sowohl in der Augenheilkunde als auch in anderen Fachgebieten.
Análisis morfométrico de la apófisis coracoides mediante tomografía computarizada en Chile
Authors: Benavente Cerda Sergio , Villagra Jara Joaquín 
Published: January 2019

Objetivo Determinar la morfometría de la apófisis coracoides (Cor) mediante tomografía computarizada de hombro (TC hombro) en población chilena.
Método 162 TC hombro (90 género femenino y 72 masculino), edad promedio 55,9 ± 20,2 años, fueron analizadas mediante sistema computacional IMPAX.
Resultados Largo total Cor promedio de 41,0 ± 2,5 mm. Largo promedio del pilar superior de 20,5 ± 2 mm. Altura media pilar superior de 9,2 ± 1,2 mm. Ancho promedio pilar superior de 10,3 ± 1,5 mm. Altura media de la base de 13,4 ± 1,8 mm.
Conclusión En nuestra población el pilar superior es más ancho que alto y el largo total de Cor es aproximadamente el doble del largo del pilar superior. Todas las dimensiones de Cor son mayores en el género masculino versus femenino. Al comparar la morfometría de Cor, nuestra población es similar a otros grupos étnicos según lo descrito en la literatura.
Nivel de evidencia III.
The Occurrence of Meniscal and Chondral Injury in Two-Stage Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Consecutive Case Series
Authors: van Tol Floris R. , Kernkamp Willem A. , van der Wal Robert J. P. , Swen Jan-Willem A. , Van de Velde Samuel K. , van Arkel Ewoud R. A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTwo-stage revision anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is an effective way to revise suboptimal tunnel-placement allowing for proper graft fixation. However, prolonged increased laxity of the knee may increase the risk of meniscal or chondral injury. It was hypothesized that no additional meniscal or chondral lesions occur in between the two stages of the two-stage revision ACL reconstruction. In this retrospective study, 42 patients undergoing a two-stage revision ACL reconstruction were included. Surgical notes for both stages were screened for meniscal and chondral status, interventions to any concurrent injury, surgery dates, along with basic patient characteristics. In 4 of the 42 patients, a new meniscal tear occurred in between the two stages, of which three required partial meniscectomy during the second stage of the ACL revision. One patient experienced a new small degenerative tear that did not require intervention. Two out of the four menisci that were repaired during the first stage had failed and required partial meniscectomy. No significant difference was found in the time between the two stages with respect to the occurrence of meniscal tears. No significant differences in chondral status were found. In conclusion, approximately 10% of patients developed a new meniscal tear and no difference in macroscopic chondral injury was observed between the first and second stages.
Submillimeter fMRI reveals a layout of dorsal visual cortex in macaques, remarkably similar to New World monkeys
Authors: Zhu Qi , Vanduffel Wim 
Published: January 2019

Significance
The primate visual system encompasses >30 visual areas. Characterizing each area, and the interactions between them, is a prerequisite to understanding the visual system. This fundamental task, however, requires a precise parcellation of the visual cortex. Nonetheless, already at the earliest visual processing stages, i.e., just rostral to V2, the number and exact definition of areas are heavily contested. Here, we map the macaque visual cortex using fMRI at unprecedented high resolution. We show a substantially different retinotopic organization of dorsal third and fourth visual areas in macaques compared with widely accepted models, yet a remarkably similar layout in Old and New World monkeys. This organization largely reconciles most reported discrepancies concerning the visuotopic organization of nonhuman primate caudo-dorsal occipital cortex.
TRPV4-mediated calcium signaling in mesenchymal stem cells regulates aligned collagen matrix formation and vinculin tension
Authors: Gilchrist Christopher L. , Leddy Holly A. , Kaye Laurel , Case Natasha D. , Rothenberg Katheryn E. , Little Dianne , Liedtke Wolfgang , Hoffman Brenton D. , Guilak Farshid 
Published: January 2019

SignificanceThe development, repair, and regeneration of anisotropic connective tissues (e.g., tendon, ligament, meniscus) involve deposition of aligned fibrillar collagen by cells. However, the intracellular signaling mechanisms mediating this process are not fully understood. We show that the mechanosensitive cation channel transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) plays a critical role in controlling aligned collagen assembly by mesenchymal stem cells. Specifically, inhibiting TRPV4 activity in mesenchymal stem cells disrupts aligned collagen matrix assembly, and conversely, activating TRPV4 accelerates collagen deposition. Additionally, TRVP4 activity modulates force transmitted across vinculin, a key mechanosensitive protein within cell–matrix adhesions, where cell-generated forces are critical in fibrillar collagen assembly. Understanding and controlling specific cell-signaling mechanisms underlying aligned matrix assembly could lead to improved tissue regeneration outcomes.
Litters of self-replicating origami cross-tiles
Authors: Zhuo Rebecca , Zhou Feng , He Xiaojin , Sha Ruojie , Seeman Nadrian C. , Chaikin Paul M. 
Published: January 2019

Significance
In nature, self-replication and exponential growth are common. Here we introduce a system of artificial self-replicators based on DNA origami cross-tile motifs. Unlike previous systems based on making a single copy of a parent template, the cross-tile systems, like many natural species, can produce “litters” of offspring per generation. The cross-tiles enable a ladder-like structure to crystallize from the template on cooling. UV exposure covalently binds the assembled components of the offspring and heating releases the autonomous daughters from the parent, up to 10 offspring per cycle. The enhanced growth rate speeds up experimental studies and provides an evolutionary advantage for selection.
Soluble matrix protein is a potent modulator of mesenchymal stem cell performance
Authors: Yeo Giselle C. , Weiss Anthony S. 
Published: January 2019

Significance
Extracellular matrix proteins have primarily been designated as supporting scaffolds for cells. This work presents the soluble extracellular matrix component tropoelastin as a powerful proproliferative and cell-attractive molecule that surpasses the potency of conventional growth factors and matrix proteins used in a mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) culture. Tropoelastin is also demonstrated to modulate MSCs both as a substrate coating and as a soluble additive in media, which significantly deviates from the classical dogma of cell anchorage-dependent structural roles of the matrix. We show that these activities of tropoelastin can be harnessed and establish a path to boosting the efficacy of and simplifying processes for clinical MSC expansion and therapeutic MSC recruitment.
Facile preparation of optically active jasmonates and their biological activities in rice
Authors: Miyamoto Koji , Matsumoto Tomoharu , Yumoto Emi , Sakazawa Tomoko , Yokota Takao , Yamane Hisakazu , Uchida Kenichi 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
A facile and efficient method has been developed for the optical resolution of racemic jasmonic acid (JA) on a relatively large scale and was successfully utilized for the preparation of optically pure (+)-JA and (−)-JA. We indicated that (+)-JA has lower growth inhibitory activity than (−)-JA in the rice seedling growth test and confirmed in line with an earlier observation that their respective biologically-active forms, (+)-JA-Ile and (−)-JA-Ile, show comparable inhibitory activities. We compared the metabolism of (+)-JA and (−)-JA into (+)-JA-Ile and (−)-JA-Ile, respectively, in the JA-deficient rice cpm2, and found that the exogenously applied (+)-JA was metabolized to the corresponding Ile conjugate less efficiently as compared with (−)-JA. Such metabolic rate difference may cause a discrepancy between biological potencies of (+)-JA and (−)-JA in rice.
Abbreviations: FW: fresh weight; Ile: isoleucine; JA: jasmonic acid; JA-Ile: jasmonoyl-l-isoleucine; LC-ESI-MS/MS: liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry; MeJA: methyl jasmonate; OPDA: 12-oxophytodienoic acid
GWAS analysis reveals a significant contribution of PSCA to the risk of Heliobacter pylori-induced gastric atrophy
Authors: Hishida Asahi , Ugai Tomotaka , Fujii Ryosuke , Nakatochi Masahiro , Wu Michael C , Ito Hidemi , Oze Isao , Tajika Masahiro , Niwa Yasumasa , Nishiyama Takeshi , Nakagawa-Senda Hiroko , Suzuki Sadao , Koyama Teruhide , Matsui Daisuke , Watanabe Yoshiyuki , Kawaguchi Takahisa , Matsuda Fumihiko , Momozawa Yukihide , Kubo Michiaki , Naito Mariko , Matsuo Keitaro , Wakai Kenji 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Although recent genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified genetic variants associated with Helicobacter pylori (HP)-induced gastric cancer, few studies have examined the genetic traits associated with the risk of HP-induced gastric precancerous conditions. This study aimed to elucidate genetic variants associated with these conditions using a genome-wide approach. Data from four sites of the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort (J-MICC) Study were used in the discovery phase (Stage I); two datasets from the Hospital-based Epidemiologic Research Program at Aichi Cancer Center 2 (HERPACC2) study were used in the replication phases (Stages II and III) and SKAT (SNP-set Kernel Association Test) and single variant-based GWASs were conducted for the risks of gastric atrophy (GA) and severe GA defined by serum pepsinogen (PG) levels, and PG1 and PG1/2 ratios. In the gene-based SKAT in Stage I, prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) was significantly associated with the risks of GA and severe GA, and serum PG1/2 level by linear kernel [false discovery rate (FDR) = 0.011, 0.230 and 7.2 × 10−7, respectively]. The single variant-based GWAS revealed that nine PSCA single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) fulfilled the genome-wide significance level (P < 5 × 10−8) for the risks of both GA and severe GA in the combined study, although most of these associations did not reach genome-wide significance in the discovery or validation cohort on their own. GWAS for serum PG1 levels and PG1/2 ratios revealed that the PSCA rs2920283 SNP had a striking P-value of 4.31 × 10−27 for PG1/2 ratios. The present GWAS revealed the genetic locus of PSCA as the most significant locus for the risk of HP-induced GA, which confirmed the recently reported association in Europeans.
Whole-genome Sequencing Provides Data for Stratifying Infection Prevention and Control Management of Nosocomial Influenza A
Authors: Roy Sunando , Hartley John , Dunn Helen , Williams Rachel , Williams Charlotte A , Breuer Judith 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background
Influenza A virus causes annual epidemics in humans and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) gene sequencing have traditionally been used to identify the virus genotype, although their utility in detecting outbreak clusters is still unclear. The objective of this study was to determine the utility, if any, of whole-genome sequencing over HA/NA sequencing for infection prevention and control (IPC) in hospitals.

Methods
We obtained all clinical samples from influenza (H1N1)-positive patients at the Great Ormond Street Hospital between January and March 2016. Samples were sequenced using targeted enrichment on an Illumina MiSeq sequencer. Maximum likelihood trees were computed for both whole genomes and concatenated HA/NA sequences. Epidemiological data was taken from routine IPC team activity during the period.

Results
Complete genomes were obtained for 65/80 samples from 38 patients. Conventional IPC analysis recognized 1 outbreak, involving 3 children, and identified another potential cluster in the haemato-oncology ward. Whole-genome and HA/NA phylogeny both accurately identified the previously known outbreak cluster. However, HA/NA sequencing additionally identified unrelated strains as part of this outbreak cluster. A whole-genome analysis identified a further cluster of 2 infections that had been previously missed and refuted suspicions of transmission in the haemato-oncology wards.

Conclusions
Whole-genome sequencing is better at identifying outbreak clusters in a hospital setting than HA/NA sequencing. Whole-genome sequencing could provide a faster and more reliable method for outbreak monitoring and supplement routine IPC team work to allow the prevention of transmission.
An equilibration-based a posteriori error bound for the biharmonic equation and two finite element methods
Authors: Braess Dietrich , Pechstein Astrid S , Schöberl Joachim 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe develop an a posteriori error bound for the interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin approximation of the biharmonic equation with continuous finite elements. The error bound is based on the two-energies principle and requires the computation of an equilibrated moment tensor. The natural space for the moment tensor is that of symmetric tensor fields with continuous normal-normal components, and is well-known from the Hellan-Herrmann-Johnson mixed formulation. We propose a construction that is totally local. The procedure can also be applied to the original Hellan–Herrmann–Johnson formulation, which directly provides an equilibrated moment tensor.
Cohomological Dimension in Pro-p Towers
Authors: Esnault Hélène 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
We give a proof without use of perfectoid geometry of the following vanishing theorem of Scholze: for $X\subset \mathbb{P}^n$ a projective scheme of dimension $d$ over an algebraically closed characteristic $0$ field, and $X_r$ the inverse image of $X$ via the map that assigns $(x_0^{p^r}: \dots : x_n^{p^r})$ to the homogeneous coordinates $(x_0:\ldots :x_n)$, the induced map $H^i(X, {{\mathbb{F}}}_p)\to H^i(X_r, {{\mathbb{F}}}_p)$ on étale cohomology dies for $i&gt;d$ and $r$ large. Our proof holds in characteristic $\ell \neq p$ as well.
Effects of timing of weaning on energy utilization in primiparous beef cows and post-weaning performance of their progeny1
Authors: Wiseman Aksel , Redden Miles , McGee Adam , Spencer Courtney , Reuter Ryan , Horn Gerald , Lalman David 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Early weaning is used to minimize cow nutrient requirements in situations where feed inputs are scarce or expensive. For many years, maintenance energy requirements have been assumed to be 20% greater in lactating compared with non-lactating beef cows. While not well established, maintenance energy requirements are thought to be greatest in primiparous cows and to decline with age. Consequently, early weaning primiparous cow–calf pairs should improve overall efficiency, particularly in situations where mid-to-late lactation forage or feed nutritive value is low. The objective of this study was to determine the biological efficiency of early weaning and maintenance energy requirements of lactating versus non-lactating primiparous cows. Experiments were conducted in two consecutive years using 90 primiparous cows and their calves (48 in yr 1, 42 in yr 2). Pairs were randomly assigned to one of the six pens (8 pairs/pen yr 1, 7 pairs/pen yr 2) and pens were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments; (1) early weaning (130 d ± 15.4; EW, n = 6) and (2) traditional weaning (226 d ± 13.1; TW, n = 6). Late lactation cow and calf performance and feed consumption were measured for 92 d (yr 1) and 100 d (yr 2). Cows were limit-fed to meet maintenance requirements, while calves were offered ad libitum access to the same diet in a creep-feeding area. Calves were not allowed access to the cows’ feed. Cow feed intake, body condition score, body weight (BW), milk yield and composition, and calf body weight gain and creep feed intake were recorded. After accounting for lactation and retained energy, there was a trend for greater maintenance energy requirements of lactating primiparous cows (P = 0.07). From the early weaning date to traditional weaning date, calf average daily gain (ADG) was greater (P &lt; 0.01) for TW calves. Feed and energy efficiency of the pair was improved for the TW system (P &lt; 0.01). Greater ADG were reported for EW calves during the stocker period (P = 0.03), but there were no differences during the finishing period (P &gt; 0.40). At harvest, BW was greater (P = 0.02) and gain to feed ratio tended (P = 0.06) to be improved for TW calves. The increased TW calf performance offset the additional maintenance costs of their lactating dams, resulting in the TW system converting total feed energy to kilograms of calf BW gain more efficiently.
The serine peptidase inhibitor TPCK induces several morphophysiological changes in the opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida parapsilosis sensu stricto
Authors: Gandra Rafael M , Silva Laura N , Souto Xênia M , Sangenito Leandro S , Cruz Lucas P S , Braga-Silva Lys A , Gonçalves Diego S , Seabra Sergio H , Branquinha Marta H , Santos André L S 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCandida parapsilosis sensu stricto (C. parapsilosis) has emerged as the second/third commonest Candida species isolated from hospitals worldwide. Candida spp. possess numerous virulence attributes, including peptidases that play multiple roles in both physiological and pathological events. So, fungal peptidases are valid targets for new drugs development. With this premise in mind, we have evaluated the effect of serine peptidase inhibitors (SPIs) on both cell biology and virulence aspects of C. parapsilosis. First, five different SPIs, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, benzamidine, 4-(2-aminoethyl) benzenesulfonyl fluoride hydrochloride, N-α-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone hydrochloride, and N-tosyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone (TPCK) were tested, and TPCK showed the best efficacy to arrest fungal growth. Subsequently, the ability of TPCK to modulate physiopathological processes was investigated. Overall, TPCK was able to (i) inhibit the cell-associated serine peptidase activities, (ii) promote morphometric and ultrastructural alterations, (iii) induce an increase in the intracellular oxidation level, which culminates in a vigorous lipid peroxidation and accumulation of neutral lipids in cytoplasmic inclusions, (iv) modulate the expression/exposition of surface structures, such as mannose/glucose-rich glycoconjugates, N-acetylglucosamine-containing molecules, chitin, polypeptides and surface aspartic peptidases, (v) reduce the adhesion to either polystyrene or glass surfaces as well as to partially disarticulate the mature biofilm, (vi) block the fungal interaction with macrophages, and (vii) protect Galleria mellonella from fungal infection, enhancing larvae survivability. Altogether, these results demonstrated that TPCK induced several changes over fungal biology besides the interference with aspects associated to C. parapsilosis virulence and pathogenesis, which indicates that SPIs could be novel promising therapeutic agents in dealing with candidiasis.
Children of a lesser god: exclusion of chronic kidney disease patients from clinical trials
Authors: Zoccali Carmine , Blankestijn Peter J , Bruchfeld Annette , Capasso Giovambattista , Fliser Danilo , Fouque Denis , Goumenos Dimitrios , Ketteler Markus , Massy Ziad , Rychlık Ivan , Jose Soler Maria , Stevens Kate , Spasovski Goce , Wanner Christoph 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The exclusion of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients from clinical trials—particularly cardiovascular trials—remains a long-standing, unsolved problem, which prevents the optimization of clinical care in these patients. The situation recalls the insufficient recruitment of women in cardiovascular trials until the 1980s, a problem that was only resolved following regulatory interventions. Regulatory agencies are in a unique position to promote recruitment of CKD patients in clinical trials. The main stakeholders, namely patients’ associations and scientific societies, should make major lobbying efforts to persuade these agencies that the issue is an absolute public health priority.