bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brief Report: Increase in Melanoma Incidence in Ontario
Authors: Langley Annie , Levesque Linda , Baetz Tara , Asai Yuka 
Published: May 2018

Background: Melanoma is a serious, potentially lethal disease. It is one of very few common cancers whose incidence is rising in North America. Objectives: The objective of this study was to examine trends in melanoma incidence in Ontario, Canada’s most populous province, over the past 20 years. Methods: Using data from the Ontario Cancer Registry (OCR), this retrospective cohort examined all incident cases of melanoma in Ontario from 1990 to 2012. Generalized linear modeling was used to evaluate changes in melanoma incidence over time, adjusting for age and sex using direct standardization with the 1991 Canadian census population. Tests for trend for changes in the distribution of cases by age, sex, socioeconomic status, and rurality status were also calculated. Results: Our results show a statistically significant increasing incidence of melanoma in Ontario from 9.3 cases per 100 000 in 1990 to 18.0 cases per 100 000 in 2012 ( P for trend <.001, adjusted for age and sex). Incidence rates show stabilization from 2010 to 2012. Conclusion: Our study reveals a marked increase in melanoma incidence in Ontario, more than doubling over the past 20 years but with a stabilization more recently. Adequate availability of dermatology services may be important to ensure satisfactory care for the increased caseload and to ensure that cases may detected at an early stage with a good prognosis.
Clinical outcomes and complications following primary total elbow arthroplasty using the Latitude prosthesis
Authors: Cinats David , Bois Aaron J , Hildebrand Kevin A 
Published: May 2018

Background The Latitude total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) is an implant with limited published data on its performance and outcomes. The aim of this study was to report the short-term outcomes of the Latitude TEA as well as to describe the radiographic outcomes and complications. Methods The Latitude was implanted in 20 patients (23 elbows) in a linked configuration. Patients were recalled to clinic for the assessment of their range-of-motion and compared to preoperative values. Administration of functional outcome measures was also performed. Results Mean follow-up was 4.7 years (range, 1 to 7.5 years) with four elbows requiring revision. The flexion–extension arc improved from 86.6 to 101.3 (range, 76 to 126) postoperatively (p = 0.04). The average Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score was 28.1 (range, 5.8 to 50.4) and the average Mayo Elbow Performance Score was 89.6 (range, 76 to 100), with 83% of elbows scoring in the good or excellent range. Radiolucencies were detected in 60% of patients and 31% of these lucencies progressed in size at the time of follow-up. Conclusions The Latitude prosthesis provides patients with favorable clinical outcomes with improvements in their range-of-motion and a complication rate comparable to other elbow arthroplasty implants.
Serum heat shock protein 70 levels as a biomarker for inflammatory processes in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Lechner Patricia , Buck Dorothea , Sick Lisa , Hemmer Bernhard , Multhoff Gabriele 
Published: May 2018

Background Inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes are hallmarks of multiple sclerosis (MS). The synthesis of the major stress-inducible heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is induced by inflammation. Objective The purpose of this study is to determine whether Hsp70 in serum can serve as a potential biomarker to distinguish inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes in MS. Methods Serum was obtained from 94 patients: 26 clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), 40 relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS), 19 secondary progressive MS (SPMS), and nine primary progressive MS (PPMS). As controls, serum samples were collected from patients with non-inflammatory neurological diseases (NINDs, n = 41), other inflammatory neurological diseases (OINDs, n = 28) and healthy donors (HDs, n = 114). Serum levels of Hsp70 were quantified using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detecting free and liposomal Hsp70 (lipHsp70 ELISA). Results Patients with MS displayed significantly higher Hsp70 serum levels than HDs ( p < 0.001) and significantly lower levels than OINDs ( p = 0.001). A subgroup analysis revealed that Hsp70 serum levels of CIS/RRMS patients are significantly higher than those of patients with progressive MS (SPMS/PPMS) ( p < 0.05). Conclusion Inflammation causes the release of Hsp70 into the blood. As CIS/RRMS are associated with higher Hsp70 serum levels than progressive MS, serum Hsp70 levels might provide a marker for inflammatory processes.
Minimally invasive modified Camitz opponensplasty for severe carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: Nanno Mitsuhiko , Kodera Norie , Tomori Yuji , Takai Shinro 
Published: May 2018

Purpose: We aimed to compare the clinical results and the complications between the minimally invasive modified Camitz opponensplasty and the conventional Camitz opponensplasty for severe carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), and to evaluate the efficacy of the modified technique for CTS. Methods: Twenty-eight hands in 24 patients with severe CTS who had disorder of the thumb opposition with thenar muscle atrophy (group 1) were treated by minimally invasive modified Camitz opponensplasty, passing the transferred palmaris longus (PL) tendon under the abductor pollicis brevis (APB) fascia using only palm and thumb incision, and no incision to either wrist crease or forearm. Ten hands in 10 patients (group 2) were treated by the conventional Camitz opponensplasty. Clinical evaluation was made by comparing the results before and after surgery for the angle of the thumb palmar abduction, pinch power, and grip strength. Results: All clinical findings significantly improved after surgery compared with before surgery in all patients. In group 1, there were no complications including transferred tendon bowstring, painful wrist scar, or injury to the palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve in all hands. Conversely, patients in group 2 had four painful wrist scars and nine bowstrings of the transferred tendon. Conclusions: Several complications have been considered to attribute to the long incision and an extensive dissection crossing the wrist crease from the palm to the wrist in the conventional Camitz procedure. The current modified Camitz opponensplasty by minimally invasive incision without straddling the wrist crease is a simple and effective procedure that can decrease the risk of painful scar around the wrist crease in severe CTS patients with disorder of thumb opposition. Additionally, this technique, by passing the transferred PL tendon under the APB fascia, is useful in restoring the thumb opposition immediately, and in preventing the bowstringing of the transferred tendon.
Afebrile Benign Convulsion Associated With Mild Gastroenteritis
Authors: Khosroshahi Nahid , Rahbarimanesh Aliakbar , Boroujeni Farhad Asadi , Eskandarizadeh Zahra , Zoham Mojdeh Habibi 
Published: May 2018

Background: Benign convulsion with mild gastroenteritis is a new clinical entity that occurs in children who are otherwise healthy. Method: This cohort study held among patients with afebrile convulsion and accompanying gastroenteritis in a tertiary children hospital during a 2-year period. Demographic and clinical data were analyzed. Neurodevelopmental milestones were observed during a follow-up period of 12 to 24 months. Results: Twenty-five patients aged 3 to 48 months with female predominance were enrolled. Ninety-three percent of cases experienced generalized tonic-clonic seizures. One-third of seizures occurred in clusters. Primary laboratory findings and electroencephalography were normal except for 3 with few epileptic waves. During the follow-up period, no seizure recurrence happened. Long-term antiepileptic treatment was unnecessary. Conclusion: Afebrile convulsion accompanying mild gastroenteritis is a convulsive disorder with reassuring prognosis. Due to its benign course, comprehensive neurodiagnostic evaluation and long-term antiepileptic drugs are usually avoidable.
Consensus recommendations for the diagnosis and clinical management of Rosai-Dorfman-Destombes disease
Authors: Abla Oussama , Jacobsen Eric , Picarsic Jennifer , Krenova Zdenka , Jaffe Ronald , Emile Jean-Francois , Durham Benjamin H. , Braier Jorge , Charlotte Frédéric , Donadieu Jean , Cohen-Aubart Fleur , Rodriguez-Galindo Carlos , Allen Carl , Whitlock James A. , Weitzman Sheila , McClain Kenneth L. , Haroche Julien , Diamond Eli L. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractRosai-Dorfman-Destombes disease (RDD) is a rare non–Langerhans cell histiocytosis characterized by accumulation of activated histiocytes within affected tissues. RDD, which now belongs to the R group of the 2016 revised histiocytosis classification, is a widely heterogeneous entity with a range of clinical phenotypes occurring in isolation or in association with autoimmune or malignant diseases. Recent studies have found NRAS, KRAS, MAP2K1, and ARAF mutations in lesional tissues, raising the possibility of a clonal origin in some forms of RDD. More than 1000 reports have been published in the English literature; however, there is a lack of consensus regarding approach for the clinical management of RDD. Although in most cases RDD can be observed or treated with local therapies, some patients with refractory or multifocal disease experience morbidity and mortality. Here we provide the first consensus multidisciplinary recommendations for the diagnosis and management of RDD. These recommendations were discussed at the 32nd Histiocyte Society Meeting by an international group of academic clinicians and pathologists with expertise in RDD. We include guidelines for clinical, laboratory, pathologic, and radiographic evaluation of patients with RDD together with treatment recommendations based on clinical experience and review of the literature.
Prevalence and patterns of drug resistance among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Hangzhou, China
Authors: Li Qingchun , Zhao Gang , Wu Limin , Lu Min , Liu Wei , Wu Yifei , Wang Le , Wang Ke , Qian Han-Zhu , Xie Li 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Background
To evaluate prevalence and patterns of drug resistance among pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients in Hangzhou City, China.

Methods
Sputum samples of smear positive TB patients enrolled in 2011 and 2015 were collected and tested for drug susceptibility, and demographic and medical record data were extracted from the electronic database of China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. Chi-square test was used to compare drug resistance prevalence between new and treated patients and between male and female patients, and Chi-square test for trend was used to compare the prevalence over calendar years 2011 and 2015.

Results
Of 1326 patients enrolled in 2015, 22.3% had resistance to any first-line anti-TB drugs and 8.0% had multi-drug resistance (MDR); drug resistance rates among previously treated cases were significantly higher than among new cases. Significant declines of resistance to isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol and streptomycin, and MDR from 2011 to 2015 were observed among previously treated patients, while a significant decline of resistance to rifampin was observed among new cases.

Conclusions
While the prevalence of acquired drug resistance decreased due to due to implementation of DOTS-Plus program, the prevalence of primary drug resistance due to transmission remained high. Greater efforts should be made to screen drug resistance for case finding and to reduce transmission through improving the treatment and management of drug-resistant patients.
Comparison of paired human nasal and bronchial airway epithelial cell responses to rhinovirus infection and IL‐13 treatment
Authors: Roberts Nicole , Al Mubarak Reem , Francisco David , Kraft Monica , Chu Hong Wei 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundBecause of its advantage as a minimally invasive procedure, nasal brushings have been increasingly used and proposed as a valuable approach to study lower airway diseases in lieu of bronchial epithelial cells. However, there is limited or conflicting evidence pertaining to whether nasal samples can be surrogates to bronchial samples. The goal of the present study is to test whether nasal epithelial cells have similar antiviral and inflammatory responses to IL‐13 treatment and rhinovirus infection, a condition mimicking virally induced asthma exacerbation. Nasal and bronchial airway epithelial cells taken from the same patient were cultured under submerged and air–liquid interface (ALI) culture in the absence or presence of rhinovirus and IL‐13 treatment. Inflammatory cytokines IP‐10 and eotaxin‐3, antiviral gene Mx1 and viral levels were measured.ResultsIn the absence of IL‐13 treatment, nasal and bronchial cells showed a similar IP‐10 response in both ALI and submerged cultures. Under the ALI culture, short term (e.g., 3 days) IL‐13 treatment had a minimal effect on viral and Mx1 levels in both cell types. However, prolonged (e.g., 14 days) IL‐13 treatments in both cell types decreased viral load and Mx1 expression. Under the submerged culture, IL‐13 treatment in both cell types has minimal effects on viral load, IP‐10 and Mx1. IL‐13‐induced eotaxin‐3 production was similar in both types of cells under either submerged or ALI culture, which was not affected by viral infection.ConclusionsOur data suggest that nasal epithelial cells could serve as a surrogate to bronchial epithelial cells in future studies aimed at defining the role of type 2 cytokine IL‐13 in regulating pro‐inflammatory and antiviral responses.
Radioembolization in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Riaz Ahsun , Lewandowski Robert , Salem Riad 
Published: May 2018

The Oncology Grand Rounds series is designed to place original reports published in the Journal into clinical context. A case presentation is followed by a description of diagnostic and management challenges, a review of the relevant literature, and a summary of the authors’ suggested management approaches. The goal of this series is to help readers better understand how to apply the results of key studies, including those published in Journal of Clinical Oncology, to patients seen in their own clinical practice. A 68-year-old man with a remote history of alcohol abuse presented with vague abdominal pain. A review of systems suggested the patient had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 1 (restriction of strenuous physical activity). There were no physical examination findings of note. Laboratory studies disclosed Child-Pugh A liver status (no ascites; no encephalopathy; total bilirubin, 1 mg/dL; albumin, 3.5 g/dL; and international normalized rato, 1.2). The alpha-fetoprotein was mildly elevated (19.5 ng/mL). Magnetic resonance imaging with contrast disclosed an infiltrative mass with extensive malignant right and left portal vein thrombosis ( Fig 1A ) with cavernous transformation of the portal vein. The infiltrative mass ( Fig 2A ) was biopsied, revealing hepatocellular carcinoma. No distant metastases were found on a bone scintigraphy or computerized tomography scan. Given these features, this patient was classified as Barcelona Clinic for Liver Cancer stage C. The patient was referred for management of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.
The unhappy postdoc: a survey based study
Authors: Grinstein Amir , Treister Roi 
Published: May 2018

Background: The emerging public discourse about the “broken” postdoc system is mostly conceptual (with several recent exceptions). The current work offers an attempt to quantify postdocs’ perceptions, goals, and well-being. Methods: A survey of 190 postdocs in North America. Results: This article first reveals a surprisingly unhappy postdoc community with low life satisfaction. Second, it demonstrates how over the course of the fellowship many postdocs lose interest in the goal of pursuing a tenure track academic position (~20%) or in recommending the postdoc track to others (~30%). Finally, we find that among a large number of factors that can enhance life satisfaction for postdocs (e.g., publication productivity, resources available to them) only one factor stood out as significant: the degree to which atmosphere in the lab is pleasant and collegial. Conclusions: Our findings can stimulate policy, managerial, and career development improvements in the context of the postdoc system.
Validation of EuroSCORE II in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery at the National Heart Institute, Kuala Lumpur: a retrospective review.
Authors: Musa Ahmad Farouk , Cheong Xian Pei , Dillon Jeswant , Nordin Rusli Bin 
Published: May 2018

Background: The European System for Cardiac Operative Risk (EuroSCORE) II was developed in 2011 to replace the aging EUROScore for predicting in-house mortality after cardiac surgery. Our aim was to validate EuroSCORE II in Malaysian patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery at our Institute.Methods: A retrospective single-center study was performed. A database was created to include EuroSCORE II values and actual mortality of 1718 patients undergoing CABG surgery in Malaysia from 1st January to 31st December 2016. The goodness-of-fit of EuroSCORE II was determined by the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test and discriminatory power with the areas under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve (AUC).Results:Observed mortality rate was 4.66% (80 out of 1718 patients). The median EuroSCORE II value was 2.06% (Inter Quartile Range: 1.94%) (1st quartile: 1.45%, 3rd quartile: 3.39%). The AUC for EuroSCORE II was 0.7 (95% CI 0.640 – 0.759) indicating good discriminatory power. The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test did not show significant difference between expected and observed mortality in accordance to the EuroSCORE II model (Chi-square = 13.758, p = 0.089) suggesting good calibration of the model in this population. Cross-tabulation analysis showed that there is slight overestimation of EuroSCORE II in low-risk groups (0-10%) and slight underestimation in high-risk groups (>20%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that gender, age, total hospital stay, serum creatinine and critical pre-operative state are significant predictors of mortality post-CABG surgery.Conclusion: This study indicated that the EuroSCORE II is a good predictor of post-operative mortality in the context of Malaysian patients undergoing CABG surgery. Our study also showed that certain independent variables might possess higher weightage in predicting mortality among this patient group. Therefore, it is suggested that EuroSCORE II can be safely used for risk assessment while ideally, clinical consideration should be applied on an individual basis.
Midwifery education: Reflecting on the past and changing for the future
Authors: Briscoe Lesley , Clarke Elinor 
Published: May 2018

In 1993, Dr Lesley Briscoe was a clinical midwife, while Elinor Clarke, who wrote for the inagural issue, was a tutor and honorary lecturer. They look back on 25 years of midwifery education Midwifery education is dynamic and responsive to changes in society, population demographic, theory and policy. Changes to education since British Journal of Midwifery began in 1993 have been phenomenal. The overarching aim of midwifery education is to prepare undergraduate students to be eligible to register as a midwife following a programme of theory and clinical practice and to enhance the potential of a midwifery workforce via postgraduate education. Reflecting on the past 25 years of midwifery education provides insights into the challenges of midwifery practice and the need to prepare midwives to be reflective and responsive to transformation as we advance towards 2025.
Women's experience of their sexual function during pregnancy and after childbirth: a qualitative survey
Authors: Khajehei Marjan , Doherty Maryanne 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundWomen's sexual function can be dramatically affected during and after pregnancy.AimsTo explore Australian women's personal experience of changes in their sexual function during pregnancy and childbirth.MethodsThis was an online qualitative survey in which women across Australia who had given birth in the previous 12 months were invited to take part. A total of 273 responses were included.FindingsThe five main themes that emerged were: mental health changes; obstetric violence (including lack of support from caregivers, violation of privacy, instrumental delivery and episiotomy); relationship issues (including lack of support from partner, lack of intimacy and domestic violence); physical changes (including birth trauma and negative body image); and role conflict (including role incompatibility, breastfeeding and lack of sleep). Mental health changes were reported to have both positive and negative impacts on women's sexual function.ConclusionsWomen experience many changes in their sexual function during and after pregnancy. Health professionals should take an integrated approach to improve women's sexual function and overall wellness.
Microvariación sintáctico-semántica-pragmática: El infinitivo frente al subjuntivo en el español (caribeño y mexicano)
Authors: Ortiz López Luis A. , Aponte Alequín Héctor 
Published: May 2018

ResumenLas gramáticas del español describen como agramaticales oraciones en infinitivos con sujeto patente, como *Eso te pasa portú ir demasiadorápidoy *Paraella estar tranquilatiene que quitarse eso de la mente, frente a las cláusulas en indicativo, como,Eso te pasa porquevas demasiado rápido, o subjuntivo, como,Para que (ella/Ø)esté tranquilatiene que quitarse eso de la mente, como gramaticales. Hasta la fecha se ha estudiado la variación infinitivo/subjuntivo frente a la opcionalidad con el indicativo. La variación infinitivo/indicativo/subjuntivo ha sido ducumentada y estudiada en el Caribe, desde diversas perspectivas teóricas y se ha incorporado la anteposición del sujeto ante el infinitivo como variable independiente en hablantes bilingües. En cambio, no se ha examinado la presencia o ausencia del sujeto en la elección modal, ni se ha controlado el entorno oracional para investigar el efecto de la preposición en variación con el indicativo y el subjuntivo. Por ende, esta investigación examina este tipo de variación, desde la perspectiva de la microvariación modal, infinitivo/indicativo, y en relación con la variable sujeto (PRO vs. pro explícito y sujetos nominales) y la variable preposición “por” Para lograr ese ambiente controlado, se estudia una muestra de 96 participantes: 72 caribeños, y 24 mexicanos, a quienes se les administró un cuestionario de juicios de gramaticalidad, y 25 entrevistas orales a puertorriqueños y a 100 mexicanos, provenientes de PRESEEA. Los hallazgos se sometieron a un análisis variacionista, siguiendo GoldVarb 2010. Del análisis se desprende que los caribeños aceptan y usan con mayor frecuencia las formas verbales en infinitivo en C2s con sujeto patente, en primera persona singular, con sujetos pronominales, en primera persona singular, no específicos y actantes, que los mexicanos. Este comportamiento lingüístico evidencia que la gramática de los caribeños posee un subparámetro de interfaz sintaxis-pragmática que hace gramaticales este tipo de estructuras, con un significado procesal particular que posibilita la comprobación del rasgo nominativo en la Cláusula 2.