bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Late Pleistocene to present lake-level fluctuations at Pyramid and Winnemucca lakes, Nevada, USA
Authors: Adams Kenneth D. , Rhodes Edward J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA new lake-level curve for Pyramid and Winnemucca lakes, Nevada, is presented that indicates that after the ~15,500 cal yr BP Lake Lahontan high stand (1338 m), lake level fell to an elevation below 1200 m, before rising to 1230 m at the 12,000 cal yr BP Younger Dryas high stand. Lake level then fell to 1155 m by ~10,500 cal yr BP followed by a rise to 1200 m around 8000 cal yr BP. During the mid-Holocene, levels were relatively low (~1155 m) before rising to moderate levels (1190–1195 m) during the Neopluvial period (~4800–3400 cal yr BP). Lake level again plunged to about 1155 m during the late Holocene dry period (~2800–1900 cal yr BP) before rising to about 1190 m by ~1200 cal yr BP. Levels have since fluctuated within the elevation range of about 1170–1182 m except for the last 100 yr of managed river discharge when they dropped to as low as 1153 m. Late Holocene lake-level changes correspond to volume changes between 25 and 55 km3 and surface area changes between 450 and 900 km2. These lake state changes probably encompass the hydrologic variability possible under current climate boundary conditions.
The symbiotic complex of Dendroctonus simplex: implications in the beetle attack and its life cycle
Authors: Durand A.-A. , Constant P. , Déziel E. , Guertin C. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe eastern larch beetle (Dendroctonus simplex Le Conte) is recognized as a serious destructive forest pest in the upper part of North America. Under epidemic conditions, this beetle can attack healthy trees, causing severe damages to larch stands. Dendroctonus species are considered as holobionts, as they engage in multipartite interactions with microorganisms, such as bacteria, filamentous fungi, and yeasts, which are implicated in physiological processes of the insect, such as nutrition. They also play a key role in the beetle's attack, as they are responsible for the detoxification of the subcortical environment and weaken the tree's defense mechanisms. The eastern larch beetle is associated with bacteria and fungi, but their implication in the success of the beetle remains unknown. Here, we investigated the bacterial and fungal microbiota of this beetle pest throughout its ontogeny (pioneer adults, larvae and pupae) by high-throughput sequencing. A successional microbial assemblage was identified throughout the beetle developmental stages, reflecting the beetle's requirements. These results indicate that a symbiotic association between the eastern larch beetle and some of these microorganisms takes place and that this D. simplex symbiotic complex is helping the insect to colonize its host tree and survive the conditions encountered.
Net nutrition on the late 19thand early 20thcentury American Great Plains: a robust biological response to the challenges to the Turner Hypothesis
Authors: Carson Scott Alan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn 1893, Frederick Jackson Turner proposed that America’s Western frontier was an economic ‘safety-valve’ – a place where settlers could migrate when conditions in eastern states and Europe crystallized against their upward economic mobility. However, recent studies suggest the Western frontier’s material conditions may not have been as advantageous as Jackson proposed because settlers lacked the knowledge and human capital to succeed on the Plains and Far Western frontier. Using stature, BMI and weight from five late 19thand early 20thcentury prisons, this study uses 61,276 observations for men between ages 15 and 79 to illustrate that current and cumulative net nutrition on the Great Plains did not deteriorate during the late 19thand early 20thcenturies, indicating that recent challenges to the Turner Hypothesis are not well supported by net nutrition studies.
Updated distribution and first description of Scyllarus subarctus (Crustacea: Scyllaridae) decapodid stage
Authors: Genis-Armero Rebeca , Landeira José , Capaccioni-Azzati Romana , Palero Ferran 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe phyllosoma larva of spiny and slipper lobsters (Palinuridae and Scyllaridae respectively) can disperse during several months before metamorphosing into a decapodid stage, which is the key phase for a successful settlement. The largest Scyllarus decapodid known to date was recently collected near the Canary Islands and identified by DNA analysis as Scyllarus subarctus. This species had never been previously reported from the area, and the decapodid stage is described here for the first time. The examination of further museum specimens has now significantly expanded the current distribution of S. subarctus, including much of the NW African coast, St Helena and Canary Islands. These results highlight the importance of combining molecular analysis of recently collected specimens with historical collections.
The Ebola virus disease outbreak in Tonkolili district, Sierra Leone: a retrospective analysis of the Viral Haemorrhagic Fever surveillance system, July 2014–June 2015
Authors: Miglietta Alessandro , Solimini Angelo , Djeunang Dongho Ghyslaine Bruna , Montesano Carla , Rezza Giovanni , Vullo Vincenzo , Colizzi Vittorio , Russo Gianluca 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn Sierra Leone, the Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak occurred with substantial differences between districts with someone even not affected. To monitor the epidemic, a community event-based surveillance system was set up, collecting data into the Viral Haemorrhagic Fever (VHF) database. We analysed the VHF database of Tonkolili district to describe the epidemiology of the EVD outbreak during July 2014–June 2015 (data availability). Multivariable analysis was used to identify risk factors for EVD, fatal EVD and barriers to healthcare access, by comparing EVD-positive vs. EVD-negative cases. Key-performance indicators for EVD response were also measured. Overall, 454 EVD-positive cases were reported. At multivariable analysis, the odds of EVD was higher among those reporting contacts with an EVD-positive/suspected case (odds ratio (OR) 2.47; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.44–2.50; P < 0.01) and those attending funeral (OR 1.02; 95% CI 1.01–1.04; P < 0.01). EVD cases from Kunike chiefdom had a lower odds of death (OR 0.22; 95% CI 0.08–0.44; P < 0.01) and were also more likely to be hospitalised (OR 2.34; 95% CI 1.23–4.57; P < 0.05). Only 25.1% of alerts were generated within 1 day from symptom onset. EVD preparedness and response plans for Tonkolili should include social-mobilisation activities targeting Ebola/knowledge-attitudes-practice during funeral attendance, to avoid contact with suspected cases and to increase awareness on EVD symptoms, in order to reduce delays between symptom onset to alert generation and consequently improve the outbreak-response promptness.
Identifying best practices in interstage care: using a positive deviance approach within the National Pediatric Cardiology Quality Improvement Collaborative
Authors: Bates Katherine E. , Yu Sunkyung , Mangeot Colleen , Shea Judy A. , Brown David W. , Uzark Karen 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionTo identify interstage best practices associated with lower mortality, we studied National Pediatric Cardiology Quality Improvement Collaborative centres registry using a positive deviance approach.MethodsPositive deviant and control centre team members were interviewed to identify potential interstage best practices. Subsequently, all collaborative centres were surveyed on the use of these practices to test their associations with centre mortality. Questionnaires were scored using Likert scales; the overall score was linearly transformed to a 0–100-point scale with higher scores indicating increased use of practices. Mortality was based on patients enrolled after a centre’s first year in the collaborative. Centre mortality rates were divided into tertiles. Survey scores for the low mortality tertile were compared with the other tertiles.ResultsFor this study, seven positive deviant and four control teams were interviewed. A total of 20 potential best practices were identified, including team composition, improvement practices, and parent involvement. Questionnaires were completed by 36/43 eligible centres, providing 1504 patients for analysis. Average survey score was 50.2 (SD 13.4). Average mortality was 6.1% (SD 4.1). There was no correlation between survey scores and mortality (r=0.14, p=0.41). The one practice associated with the low mortality tertile was frequency of discussion of interstage results: 58.3% of low mortality teams discussed results at least monthly versus 8.4% of the middle and high tertile centres (p=0.02).ConclusionsLow-mortality centres more frequently discuss interstage results than high-mortality centres. Heightened awareness of outcomes may influence practice; however, further study is needed to understand the variation in outcomes across centres.
Do I Have to Take the GRE? Standardized Testing in MPA Admissions
Authors: Cooper Christopher A. , Knotts H. Gibbs 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTGraduate-program decision makers face a similar challenge: how to design an admissions process that screens out applicants who are unlikely to succeed but does not provide too high an entry barrier for students who can be successful. This study catalogs the use of standardized testing in Master of Public Administration admissions and finds that less than one third of programs require standardized tests for all applicants. Moreover, program prestige, program diversity, and program size do not affect the likelihood that a program requires the Graduate Record Examination. This study also reviews the various standards that universities use to provide test waivers and also discusses other common application materials. The results should be of interest to undergraduate academic advisers and graduate-program directors as well as scholars and practitioners of higher-education administration more generally.
Sociodemographic predictors of exclusive breast-feeding among low-income women attending a Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) programme
Authors: Rethy Janine A , Gallo Sina , Doig Amara Channell , Brady Jennifer , Goodfriend David 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo describe infant feeding practices and predictors of exclusive breast-feeding among women attending a local Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) programme.DesignCross-sectional survey. Outcomes included reported infant feeding practices at 3 and 6 months, timing and reasons for introduction of formula. Descriptive statistics, χ
2 tests and logistic regression were used describe the sample and explore relationships between variables.SettingLoudoun County, VA, USA.SubjectsA sample of 190 predominantly Hispanic women attending local WIC clinics.ResultsOverall, 84 % of women reported ever breast-feeding and 61 % of infants received formula in the first few days of life. Mothers who reported on infant feeding practices were less likely to exclusively breast-feed (34 v. 45 %) and more likely to provide mixed feeding (50 v. 20 %) at 3 months compared with 6 months, respectively. Significant (P&lt;0·05) predictors of exclusive breast-feeding at 3 months included setting an exclusive breast-feeding goal and completing some high school (compared with completing high school or more). Only education remained a significant predictor of exclusive breast-feeding at 6 months.ConclusionsA high proportion of women reported giving formula in the first few days of life and many changed from mixed to exclusive breast-feeding or formula by 6 months, suggesting possibly modifiable factors. Further investigation can help drive direct service- as well as policy and systems-based interventions to improve exclusive breast-feeding.
Compact planar ultra-wideband antenna with dual notched band for WiMAX and WLAN
Authors: Siddique A. K. M. Ariful H. , Azim Rezaul , Islam Mohammad T. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA compact planar ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna with WiMAX and WLAN notched band is presented in this paper. The presented antenna consists of a rectangular patch and slotted partial ground plane and fed by a microstrip feed line. The volumetric size of the antenna is 30 mm × 22 mm × 1.6 mm. Method of moment-based simulation technology is used to simulate and analyze the characteristics of the antenna. To generate two notch bands at WiMAX and WLAN, a pair of parasitic resonator is placed beneath the radiating patch. The presented antenna achieves an operating band (VSWR ≤2) ranging from 2.98 to 12 GHz with an average gain of 3.95 dBi along with considerable efficiency and symmetric radiation patterns. Moreover, the antenna exhibits two notch bands at 3.5 and 5.45 GHz and is able to avoid possible interference with pre-existing narrow band services. The proposed antenna is low cost and low profile and is modeled to be used as a transceiver in UWB communication applications.
Large Contribution of Pteropods to Shallow CaCO3 Export
Authors: Buitenhuis Erik T. , Le Quéré Corinne , Bednaršek Nina , Schiebel Ralf 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe literature on the relative contributions of pelagic calcifying taxa to the global ocean export of CaCO3 is divided. Studies based on deep sediment trap data tend to argue that either foraminifers or coccolithophores, both calcite producers, dominate export. However, the compilations of biomass observations for pteropods, coccolithophores, and foraminifers instead show that pteropods dominate the global ocean calcifier biomass and therefore likely also carbonate export. Here we present a new global ocean biogeochemical model that explicitly represents these three groups of pelagic calcifiers. We synthesize databases of the physiology of the three groups to parameterize the model and then tune the unconstrained parameters to reproduce the observations of calcifier biomass and CaCO3 export. The model can reproduce both these observational databases; however, substantial dissolution of aragonite above the aragonite saturation horizon is required to do so. We estimate a contribution of pteropods to shallow (100 m) export of CaCO3 of at least 33% and to pelagic calcification of up to 89%. The high production‐high dissolution configuration that shows closest agreement with all the observations has a CaCO3 production of 4.7 Pg C/year but CaCO3 export at 100 m of only 0.6 Pg C/year.
Impact of Deadly Dust Storms (May 2018) on Air Quality, Meteorological, and Atmospheric Parameters Over the Northern Parts of India
Authors: Sarkar Sudipta , Chauhan Akshansha , Kumar Rajesh , Singh Ramesh P. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe northern part of India, adjoining the Himalaya, is considered as one of the global hot spots of pollution because of various natural and anthropogenic factors. Throughout the year, the region is affected by pollution from various sources like dust, biomass burning, industrial and vehicular pollution, and myriad other anthropogenic emissions. These sources affect the air quality and health of millions of people who live in the Indo‐Gangetic Plains. The dust storms that occur during the premonsoon months of March–June every year are one of the principal sources of pollution and originate from the source region of Arabian Peninsula and the Thar desert located in north‐western India. In the year 2018, month of May, three back‐to‐back major dust storms occurred that caused massive damage, loss of human lives, and loss to property and had an impact on air quality and human health. In this paper, we combine observations from ground stations, satellites, and radiosonde networks to assess the impact of dust events in the month of May 2018, on meteorological parameters, aerosol properties, and air quality. We observed widespread changes associated with aerosol loadings, humidity, and vertical advection patterns with displacements of major trace and greenhouse gasses. We also notice drastic changes in suspended particulate matter concentrations, all of which can have significant ramifications in terms of human health and changes in weather pattern.
Deep Learning Models Augment Analyst Decisions for Event Discrimination
Authors: Linville Lisa , Pankow Kristine , Draelos Timothy 
Published: February 2019

AbstractLong‐term seismic monitoring networks are well positioned to leverage advances in machine learning because of the abundance of labeled training data that curated event catalogs provide. We explore the use of convolutional and recurrent neural networks to accomplish discrimination of explosive and tectonic sources for local distances. Using a 5‐year event catalog generated by the University of Utah Seismograph Stations, we train models to produce automated event labels using 90‐s event spectrograms from three‐component and single‐channel sensors. Both network architectures are able to replicate analyst labels above 98%. Most commonly, model error is the result of label error (70% of cases). Accounting for mislabeled events (~1% of the catalog) model accuracy for both models increases to above 99%. Classification accuracy remains above 98% for shallow tectonic events, indicating that spectral characteristics controlled by event depth do not play a dominant role in event discrimination.
Rough Subducting Seafloor Reduces Interseismic Coupling and Mega‐Earthquake Occurrence: Insights From Analogue Models
Authors: van Rijsingen Elenora , Funiciello Francesca , Corbi Fabio , Lallemand Serge 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe roughness of the subduction interface is thought to influence seismogenic behavior in subduction zones, but a detailed understanding of how such roughness affects the state of stress along the subduction megathrust is still debated. Here, we use seismotectonic analogue models to investigate the effect of subduction interface roughness on seismicity in subduction zones. We compared analogue earthquake source parameters and slip distributions for two roughness endmembers. Models characterized by a very rough interface have lower integrated fault strength and lower interseismic coupling than models with a smooth interface. Overall, ruptures in the rough models have smaller rupture area, duration, and mean displacement. Individual slip distributions indicate a segmentation of the subduction interface by the rough geometry. We propose that flexure of the overriding plate is one of the mechanisms that contribute to a heterogeneous stress distribution, responsible for the observed seismic behavior.
InSAR Meteorology: High‐Resolution Geodetic Data Can Increase Atmospheric Predictability
Authors: Miranda P. M. A. , Mateus P. , Nico G. , Catalão J. , Tomé R. , Nogueira M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe present study assesses the added value of high‐resolution maps of precipitable water vapor, computed from synthetic aperture radar interferograms , in short‐range atmospheric predictability. A large set of images, in different weather conditions, produced by Sentinel‐1A in a very well monitored region near the Appalachian Mountains, are assimilated by the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model. Results covering more than 2 years of operation indicate a consistent improvement of the water vapor predictability up to a range comparable with the transit time of the air mass in the synthetic aperture radar interferograms footprint, an overall improvement in the forecast of different precipitation events, and better representation of the spatial distribution of precipitation. This result highlights the significant potential for increasing short‐range atmospheric predictability from improved high‐resolution precipitable water vapor initial data, which can be obtained from new high‐resolution all‐weather microwave sensors.
Contrasting Air Mass Advection Explains Significant Differences in Boundary Layer Depth Seasonal Cycles Under Onshore Versus Offshore Flows
Authors: Pal Sandip , Lee Temple R. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe complexities in the atmospheric boundary layer depth (BLD) features over coastal regions pose challenges for meteorological forecasts, air quality, greenhouse gas mixing and transport, and wind energy production. Here, for the first time, we investigated afternoon BLD variability over 18 coastal sites in the contiguous United States located along the Gulf of Mexico, Atlantic Ocean, and Pacific Ocean using 25 years of rawinsonde launches. Due to influence of shallow marine layer air via onshore flow, substantially large BLD contrasts (∆BLD, BLD under offshore minus onshore) were found. ∆BLDs over the sites varied both seasonally and spatially among the coastal regions and within a region. For the sites along the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Ocean, ∆BLDs were found to be higher in spring and summer (500–1,500 m) than in winter and fall (100–450 m). Results underscore the importance of advection on BLD footprints and provide observational constraints for model evaluation.
Alfvén Wave Generation by a Compact Source Moving on the Magnetopause: Asymptotic Solution
Authors: Klimushkin Dmitri Yu. , Mager Pavel N. , Zong Qiugang , Glassmeier Karl‐Heinz 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe spatiotemporal structure of Alfvén waves excited by a moving pressure pulse on the magnetopause is analytically explored. These waves are supposed to be responsible for field‐aligned currents generating traveling convection vortices in the ionosphere. It is found that a moving source generates two wave modes, a primary and a secondary mode, having different azimuthal wave vectors and frequencies. Both modes represent surface waves with amplitudes exponentially decreasing from the magnetopause. At a given azimuthal location, they also decrease with time as the source passes away. For the primary mode, the wave frequency equals the Alfvén resonant frequency on the surface of the source, while for the secondary mode the frequency equals the local resonant frequency. The dependence of the frequency of the secondary mode on the radial coordinate results in phase mixing, which leads to a change of the wave polarization from mixed into toroidal polarization. For both primary and secondary modes, the azimuthal component of the wave vector equals the corresponding wave frequency divided by the speed of the source. Superposition of the primary and secondary modes produces plasma vortices behind the source.
Localized Structures and Turbulent Spectra in the Magnetopause
Authors: Pathak Neha , Uma R. , Sharma R. P. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractKinetic Alfvén wave (KAW) and whistler wave play a key role in the framework of turbulence and reconnection. There are lot of observations of these wave in the magnetopause region. The present paper deals with the nonlinear evolution of KAW and a weak whistler wave through the preexisting magnetic reconnection site. For this study the dynamical evolution equations are derived by taking into account the ponderomotive force driven density modification and magnetic field fluctuations due to shear field modeled by the Harris sheet. Furthermore, these equations have been solved numerically as well as semianalytically. For numerical integrations we have used the pseudospectral method and finite difference method and for semianalytically Runge Kutta method. Simulated results have shown the evolution of coherent structures or current sheets, which are capable to energy transfer efficiently. These structures have scale size around ion gyroradius as well as electron inertial length as calculated analytically. At a later time the chaotic structures arise in this reconnection site. This gives the signature of turbulence generation. Therefore, the magnetic power spectrum with scaling is also presented in this manuscript and their relevance with the observed spectrum (calculated from the Cluster data (Chaston, 2008, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL033601)) is also pointed out.