bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microvascular capillary assessment in relation to forearm blood flow
Authors: Henriksson Peter , Lind Lars , Qing Lu , Freyschuss Anna 
Published: May 2019

SummaryObjectiveTo study whether vascular reactivity as assessed by the methods forearm blood flow (FBF) and postocclusive reactive hyperaemia (PRH) in the nail fold was related as a measure of endothelium‐dependent vasodilation in the microcirculation.MethodsMicrovascular reactivity was assessed in forearm blood flow and in the nail fold by vital capillaroscopy of individual microvessels as postocclusive reactive hyperaemia. Vascular reactivity was assessed at baseline (n = 25) as well as after infusion of acetylcholine and of sodium nitroprusside (n = 13). We also performed a multivariate regression analysis to assess whether forearm blood flow or flow‐mediated dilatation related to postocclusive reactive hyperaemia.ResultsThis study showed a distinct microvascular response to both acetylcholine (endothelium‐dependent vasodilation) and sodium nitroprusside (endothelium‐independent vasodilation) during forearm blood flow assessment and postocclusive reactive hyperaemia assessment in the nail fold (n = 13). These changes were inversely related (r‐ = −0·57; P<0·05).ConclusionsForearm blood flow was inversely correlated to postocclusive reactive hyperaemia. Postocclusive reactive hyperaemia was shortened after infusion with both acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside. This occurred in parallel with the expected increase in forearm blood flow, conceivably reflecting that both methods can be used to assess endothelium‐dependent vasodilation in the microcirculation.
Lung transplantation in patients with severe pulmonary hypertension—Focus on right ventricular remodelling
Authors: Schuba Barbara , Michel Sebastian , Guenther Sabina , Weig Thomas , Emser Jonas , Schneider Christian , Kneidinger Nikolaus , Strueven Anna , Sisic Alma , Hagl Christian , Schramm Rene 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study was meant to analyse the centre experience of the Munich Lung Transplant Group in lung transplantation of patients with severe pulmonary hypertension. Outcome data focus on survival and right heart remodelling.MethodsAll patients receiving a lung transplant between 10/2010 and 08/2016 were retrospectively analysed (n = 343). Patients were categorised into individuals with or without severe pre‐operative pulmonary hypertension (PH; mPAP ≥ 35 mm Hg or mPAP ≥ 25 mm Hg with cardiac index < 2.0 L/min/m2). Among those, patients with severe PH secondary to lung disease (Nice Class III) were compared with patients with severe PH due to idiopathic PH (IPAH; Nice Class I). All surviving patients with severe PH were electively followed up by echocardiography.ResultsKaplan–Meier survival probabilities after lung transplantation of each group according to pre‐operative mPAP values showed no statistically significant difference (P = 0.14 by log‐rank test). Lung transplantation in severe PH patients led to marked right ventricular remodelling as indicated by significantly increased tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) (P = 0.002), decreased right ventricular end‐diastolic dimensions (P = 0.001) and overall reduction in tricuspid valvular regurgitation, when compared to pre‐operative assessments.ConclusionSequential bilateral lung transplantation (BLTx) in patients with severe pulmonary hypertension is a feasible treatment option in this high‐risk group in experienced high‐volume centres. Lung transplantation allows for resolution of secondary right heart failure in these patients.
Fast‐acting insulin aspart in people with type 2 diabetes: Earlier onset and greater initial exposure and glucose‐lowering effect compared with insulin aspart
Authors: Pieber Thomas R. , Svehlikova Eva , Brunner Martina , Halberg Inge B. , Due Thomsen Karen Margrete , Haahr Hanne 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimsTo investigate the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties of fast‐acting insulin aspart (faster aspart) versus insulin aspart (IAsp) in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D).Materials and methodsIn a randomized, double‐blind, crossover design, 61 people with T2D usually treated with insulin ± oral antidiabetic drug(s) received single‐dose faster aspart and IAsp (0.3 U/kg) on separate visits. Blood samples for pharmacokinetic assessment were collected frequently until 12 hours post‐dose. Glucose‐lowering effect was determined in a euglycaemic clamp lasting up to 12 hours post‐dose (target 5.0 mmol/L).ResultsThe serum IAsp pharmacokinetic profile and glucose‐lowering effect profile were shifted to the left for faster aspart versus IAsp. Least squares mean (± SE) onset of appearance was 3.3 ± 0.3 minutes for faster aspart, which was 1.2 minutes earlier than for IAsp (95% confidence interval [CI] −1.8;−0.5; P = .001). Onset of action for faster aspart was 8.9 minutes earlier (95% CI −12.1;−5.7; P < .001) than for IAsp. During the first 30 minutes after dosing, 89% larger IAsp exposure (ratio faster aspart/IAsp 1.89 [95% CI 1.56;2.28]; P < .001) and 147% greater glucose‐lowering effect (2.47 [95% CI 1.58;6.22]; P < .001) were observed for faster aspart compared with IAsp. Offset of exposure (time to 50% of maximum IAsp concentration in the late part of the pharmacokinetic profile) occurred earlier for faster aspart (difference faster aspart – IAsp −36.4 minutes [95% CI −55.3;−17.6]; P < .001). The treatment difference of faster aspart – IAsp in offset of glucose‐lowering effect (time to 50% of maximum glucose infusion rate in the late part of the glucose infusion rate profile) was −14.4 minutes (95% CI −34.4;5.5; P = .152).ConclusionsIn people with T2D, faster aspart was associated with earlier onset and greater initial exposure and glucose‐lowering effect compared with IAsp, as previously shown in people with type 1 diabetes.
Educating the Right Stuff: Lessons in Enactivist Learning
Authors: Gallagher Shaun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOn an enactivist conception of cognition, the unit of explanation is not just the brain, not just the body, and not just the environment, but the body–brain–environment understood as a dynamically coupled structure or gestalt. On this view, referencing Viktor von Weizsäcker's metaphor of the gestalt circle (Gestaltkreis), the brain is not in the center of a circle issuing radial commands to elements on the circumference; rather, it is one element on that circumference, along with body and environment. Taking this idea into the educational context implies that one can intervene at any point on the circle to get results. One can, for example, enhance brain function by artificial means; alternatively, one can enhance intellectual performance through the learning of skilled or expressive movements (as demonstrated by the use of gesture in math education); likewise, one can improve conceptual understanding by manipulating the material and/or social environment (for example, through the use of virtual reality). On the enactivist view, interventions at any of these “parts” of the cognitive system lead to modulations in the dynamic structure itself and the overall performance of the system. In this article, Shaun Gallagher argues on pragmatic grounds that given various adverse side effects from artificial stimulation of the brain, enhancements directed at the body and the environment are less risky and, for educational purposes are, at the very least, equally effective. To support this conclusion, he cites evidence from a study that uses whole‐body action in a mixed reality simulation for science education.
Summer survival and activity patterns of estuary feeding anadromous Salmo trutta
Authors: Honkanen Hannele M. , Rodger Jessica , Stephen Alastair , Adams Keith , Freeman James , Adams Colin E. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThere is generally a very poor understanding of how anadromous brown trout, Salmo trutta, use marine ecosystems. In this study, we use acoustic telemetry techniques to test four alternative hypotheses for estuarine coastal habitat use by this species on a population in the Clyde, west‐central Scotland. Anadromous brown trout in their second (or more) summer feeding in the marine environment did not show patterns of estuarine use predicted from studies on other populations of this species. They did not (a) use the inner Clyde Estuary as a staging post for onward migration to open coastal waters, nor did they (b) pass through the estuary rapidly nor did they (c) make multiple incursions into freshwater. In contrast, fish utilised a very geographically constrained area of the inner estuary (<8 km in length), within which fish were highly mobile, exhibiting more activity during a flooding tide and exhibited high survivorship compared with reports from other studies. The reasons why estuarine use by anadromous brown trout in the Clyde may differ from that reported elsewhere is discussed.
Scatter‐hoarding and cache pilfering of rodents in response to seed abundance
Authors: Yi Xianfeng , Ju Mengyao , Yang Yueqin , Zhang Mingming 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSeed caching and reciprocal cache pilferage play an important role in the coexistence of food‐hoarding animals. Understanding what affects seed caching and how cache pilferage occurs is an important question in seed dispersal ecology. However, tracking seed fate and cache pilferage presents substantial practical difficulties. Siberian chipmunks Tamias sibiricus always remove the entire pericarp when scatter‐hoarding acorns of Mongolian oak Quercus mongolica, whereas wood mice Apodemus peninsulae often store whole acorns in their caches. These differences in behavior provide an opportunity to investigate unilateral cache pilferage of T. sibiricus from A. peninsulae in response to seed abundance. In this study, tagged acorns were released at the peak and end periods of seed rain from Q. mongolica. This allowed us to investigate seed caching and unilateral cache pilferage at different seed abundances. We found that a higher proportion of acorns were cached at lower level of seed abundance (toward the end of seed rain), mainly because T. sibiricus rather than A. peninsulae scatter‐hoarded significantly more acorns at this time. Cache distances decreased with increasing seed abundance, indicating that acorns were cached further away and into smaller caches at lower seed abundance. Unexpectedly, unilateral cache pilferage by T. sibiricus was not significantly influenced by seed abundance—remaining at around 28% during both periods of high and low seed abundance.
Confounding social and mating systems predictably lead to biased results when examining the evolution of cooperative breeding in cichlids: A response to Tanaka et al.
Authors: Dey Cody J. , O’Connor Constance M. , Wilkinson Holly , Shultz Susanne , Balshine Sigal , Fitzpatrick John L 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn 2017, we demonstrated that transitions to cooperative breeding in Lamprologine cichlid fishes were not related to a species’ social mating system (Dey et al. 2017. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 1, 137). This contrasted previous evidence that monogamy (and a low degree of promiscuity) promoted transitions to cooperative breeding in other taxa. Recently, Tanaka et al. (2018. Ethology, 124, 777–789) critiqued our study and argued that a re‐analysis of the data shows transitions to cooperative breeding are promoted by non‐monogamous mating systems. Here, we show that Tanaka et al.'s critique contains numerous inaccuracies. In addition, we show that the results put forth by Tanaka et al. emerge only under the extreme scenario in which all cooperative breeding species are classified as non‐monogamous, which we argue arises because Tanaka et al. confound social systems and mating systems. While we agree that there is uncertainty regarding the mating system of some Lamprologine species, we argue this uncertainty was sufficiently addressed through the extensive sensitivity analyses conducted in our original study.
Potentially inappropriate prescribing before and after initiation of medicines for dementia: An Australian population‐based study
Authors: Eshetie Tesfahun C , Nguyen Tuan A , Gillam Marianne H , Kalisch Ellett Lisa M 
Published: May 2019

AimTo evaluate the prevalence of potentially inappropriate prescribing (PIP), as defined by the internationally validated Screening Tool of Older Person's Prescriptions (STOPP) criteria, in 12 months before and after initiation of medicines for dementia.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was carried out involving people with their first claim for dispensing of medicines for dementia (cholinesterase inhibitor or memantine) between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2015, aged ≥65 years at 1 January 2016 and alive at the end of 2016. The index date was defined as the date of first supply of medicines for dementia. PIP was identified using the Screening Tool of Older Person's Prescriptions criteria, and PIP prevalence was compared in the 12 months pre‐ and post‐index date. The McNemar's test was used to test differences in the prevalence of PIP between the two time periods.ResultsThe cohort included 1176 patients: 60% were women and the median age was 80 years. The overall PIP prevalence was 85% in the 12 months pre‐initiation of medicines for dementia compared with 89% in the 12 months post‐initiation (P < 0.0001). The median number of Screening Tool of Older Person's Prescriptions criteria was two (interquartile range 1–4) in the 12 months pre‐initiation of medicines for dementia, increasing to three (range 2–4) in the 12 months post‐initiation.ConclusionsPIP was common in people dispensed medicines for dementia, with a significant increase in prevalence post‐initiation of medicines for dementia compared with pre‐initiation. These results highlight the need for targeted interventions to minimize inappropriate use of medicines in people with dementia. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 654–659.
Comparison of dry sliding wear behavior of plasma sprayed FeCr slag coating with Cr2O3 and Al2O3‐13TiO2 coatings
Authors: Öge Mecit , Kucuk Yilmaz , Gok Mustafa S. , Karaoglanli Abdullah Cahit 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe microstructure and dry sliding wear performance of thermally sprayed FeCr slag coating were evaluated in comparison with those of commercially available Al2O3‐13TiO2 and Cr2O3 ceramic coating powders to assess the applicability of FeCr slag (FS) powder, fabricated from industrial waste, as a ceramic top‐coating material against wear. Ceramic top coats and underlying NiCoCrAlY bond coats were deposited on AISI 316L samples via atmospheric plasma spraying (APS), and their tribological properties were assessed using a ball‐on‐disc test rig at room temperature. As a result, FS coating exhibited the lowest worn volume, although it has the lowest surface hardness. Tribolayer formation was observed on the surface of the samples which were subjected to dry sliding wear tests. Delamination type wear is the dominant wear mechanism for Cr2O3 and FS coatings, whereas local spallation areas arising from plastic deformation were observed on the surface of Al2O3‐13TiO2 coatings. The results suggested the applicability of FS powder as a candidate ceramic top coating material against wear.
Generation of bioactive prolyl‐hydroxyproline (Pro‐Hyp) by oral administration of collagen hydrolysate and degradation of endogenous collagen
Authors: Sato Kenji , Jimi Shiro , Kusubata Masashi 
Published: May 2019

SummaryHydroxyproline‐containing di‐ and tripeptides increase in human blood plasma after ingestion of collagen hydrolysate in a dose‐dependent manner. Prolyl‐hydroxyproline (Pro‐Hyp) and hydroxyprolyl‐glycine (Pro‐Gly) are the main food‐derived collagen peptides present in human blood plasma. Pro‐Hyp increases the number of fibroblasts migrating from the mouse skin and enhances the growth of fibroblasts attached to the collagen gel. Pro‐Hyp is also generated from endogenous collagen in the granulation tissue in mice skin and ear with dermatitis, while it does not increase in the normal tissues of the same animal. However, Hyp‐Gly does not increase in all tissues. These facts indicate that Pro‐Hyp is generated by the degradation of endogenous collagen to activate cells involved in tissue reconstruction. Orally administered Pro‐Hyp is deposited in animal organs even after clearance of Pro‐Hyp from blood. Thus, the endogenous bioactive peptide can be provided by ingestion of collagen hydrolysate.
Effect of baked wheat germ on gluten protein network in steamed bread dough
Authors: Zhan Jing , Ma Sen , Wang Xiao‐Xi , Li Li , Zheng Xue‐ling 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThe effect of baked wheat germ (BWG) on the gluten network structure in steam bread dough was investigated. The secondary structure, free sulphydryl (‐SH) content, disulphide (‐SS‐) bonds content and microstructure of gluten were analysed to evaluate gluten structural changes. The addition of different amounts of BWG (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12%) in dough resulted in decreased content of α‐helix and β‐sheet structures, but increased random coils, which indicated that a disordered structure was formed. The presence of BWG increased the ‐SH content but decreased the ‐SS‐ bonds content, which indicated fracture of disulfide bonds. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) analysis indicated that steamed bread dough containing BWG had larger‐sized gas cell and granules of starch separated by the protein matrix, which weakened the gluten network structure. These changes may inevitably affect the viscoelastic properties of steamed bread dough.
Update on diagnostic testing for platelet function disorders: What is practical and useful?
Authors: Hayward Catherine P. M. , Moffat Karen A. , Brunet Justin , Carlino Stephen A. , Plumhoff Elizabeth , Meijer Piet , Zehnder James L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroductionPlatelet function disorders (PFD) are an important group of bleeding disorders that require validated and practical laboratory strategies for diagnosis.MethodsThis review summarizes the authors’ experiences, current literature, and an international survey to evaluate the practices of diagnostic laboratories that offer tests for PFD.ResultsBlood counts, blood film review, and aggregation tests are the most commonly performed investigations for PFD and help determine whether there is thrombocytopenia and/or defective platelet function due to a variety of causes. The performance characteristics of tests for PFD, and the level of evidence that these tests detect bleeding problems, are important issues to determine where tests are useful for diagnostic or correlative purposes, or research only uses. Platelet aggregation assays, and quantitative analysis of platelet dense granule numbers, are tests with good performance characteristics that detect abnormalities associated with increased bleeding in a significant proportion of individuals referred for PFD investigations. Lumiaggregometry estimates of platelet adenosine triphosphate release show greater variability which limits the diagnostic usefulness. Diagnostic laboratories report that fiscal and other constraints, including a lack of high‐quality evidence, limit their ability to offer an expanded test menu for PFD.ConclusionPFD are clinically important bleeding disorders that remain challenging for diagnostic laboratories to investigate. While some PFD tests are well validated for diagnostic purposes, gaps in scientific evidence and resource limitations influence diagnostic laboratory decisions on which PFD tests to offer.
Organizational factors related to attracting job seekers higher in hardiness
Authors: Eschleman Kevin J. , Mast David , Coppler Quentin , Nelson Jerrod 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBuilding an organization of workers who thrive in demanding environments begins with recruitment of workers with personality traits predictive of resilience. We integrate fit theories to determine how job advertisement information may attract job seekers higher in psychological hardiness (sense of control, feelings of commitment to many things in life, perceptions of challenge). Across two studies, we manipulated hypothetical job advertisements that were presented to current workers seeking new employment. Job seekers higher in hardiness were more attracted to working with hardy coworkers, less attracted to coping resources, and more attracted to high emotional labor demands compared to job seekers lower in hardiness. A discussion for how organizations may craft job advertisement content to improve their recruitment efforts is provided.
Suboptimal growth among individuals of brown trout (Salmo trutta) in a temperate river
Authors: Sánchez‐Hernández Javier , Cobo Fernando 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis study assessed growth of individually tagged brown troutSalmo truttain a temperate system of north‐west Spain (2010–2012). This study identified notable individual variation in fish growth with individuals growing sub‐optimally compared with laboratory‐based growth‐model predictions in most cases (85.5% of individuals). The present observations of suboptimal growth need to be considered in view of intraspecific competition or limiting food resources instead of thermal regimes.
LABOR MARKET CONSEQUENCES FOR BUSY DIRECTORS: EVIDENCE FROM INTERNATIONAL MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS
Authors: Ferris Stephen P. , Jayaraman Narayanan , Liao Min‐Yu (Stella) 
Published: May 2019

AbstractUsing 13,233 acquisitions from 57 countries, we examine merger and acquisition (M&A) decisions made by busy boards. We find that few busy acquirers originate from emerging markets and that they tend to undertake cross‐border mergers, favor public targets, finance with cash and equity, pursue nondiversifying mergers, avoid targets with multiple bidders, and long‐term underperform relative to nonbusy acquirers. Importantly, we discover a nonlinear relation between an acquirer's board busyness and merger announcement returns. We find that the labor market penalizes directors who approve bad acquisitions but does not reward them for good mergers. We find a similar nonlinear relation between an acquirer's board busyness and its long‐term performance along with a suggestion of an optimal board busyness.