bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinguishing the Raman spectrum of polygonal serpentine
Authors: Tarling Matthew S. , Rooney Jeremy S. , Viti Cecilia , Smith Steven A.F. , Gordon Keith C. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPositively identifying serpentine mineral types is important for a wide range of disciplines in the Earth sciences and health sciences. Although Raman spectroscopy has been widely applied as a tool to distinguish four of the main serpentine minerals (i.e., antigorite, lizardite, chrysotile, and polygonal serpentine), some uncertainty remains as to whether all four varieties have unique Raman spectra. In this paper, submicron Raman spectroscopy mapping was performed directly on electron‐transparent regions of serpentine samples that were unambiguously identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The increased spatial resolution of the Raman mapping technique (~370 nm), combined with the detailed characterization provided by TEM, indicates that polygonal serpentine has the same Raman spectrum as lizardite and therefore cannot be spectrally distinguished from lizardite. Furthermore, the Raman spectral profile that has previously been reported as unique to polygonal serpentine is likely to represent a mixture of chrysotile and polygonal serpentine/lizardite. To positively discriminate between lizardite and polygonal serpentine requires TEM investigation.
What makes you select a higher price option? Price–quality heuristics, cultures, and travel group compositions
Authors: Jeong Ji Youn , Crompton John L. , Hyun Sunghyup Sean 
Published: September 2018

AbstractScenarios were designed to investigate the influence of price–quality heuristics among participants from the United States, Korea, and China for different tourism and hospitality services, in different consuming situations and in different social group contexts. The results revealed that as the scenarios moved from consuming alone and with an acquaintance to with a close family member, participants in each culture had a greater propensity to select the higher price option. These tendencies were the most evident among the Korean sample, whereas the Chinese sample did not differentiate between an acquaintance and a family member, and the U.S. sample indicated mixed results.
Electrochemical corrosion kinetics of cold spray copper composite coatings in a high potential region
Authors: Rui Ding , Xiangbo Li , Jia Wang , Weihua Li , Bingjun Li , Xiao Wang , Taijiang Gui 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this paper, copper composite anticorrosion and antifouling coatings were prepared by a cold spray technique. Polarization experiments of the coatings were performed by rotating ring‐disk electrode technology at high potential. The electrochemical reaction mechanisms were proposed, and corresponding polarization kinetics models were built. Experimental results show that the copper and cuprous oxide formed corrosion microcells in the coatings, and the cuprous oxide did not alter the electrochemical reaction process of copper. In the high potential region (about 0.2–0.8 V), a CuCl film formed on the surface of the coatings was not damaged or broken down. The film played a role in corrosion protection. The currents in the high potential region increased relative to the limiting current 1. Because in the high potential region, was produced by the dissolution of the CuCl film and was oxidized to Cu2+. In addition to being oxidized to Cu2+, has the other two destinations, which were deposition as a CuCl film and diffusion to the solution bulk. The three processes were in parallel competition relations. In the limiting current 2 region, oxidation of was dominant. A rate‐controlling step of electrochemical dissolution of the coatings in the high potential region was the diffusion processes of and Cu2+. The electrochemical polarization kinetic models based on the reaction mechanisms established in this research accorded well to the experimental results. It demonstrated the rationality of polarization kinetics models and reaction mechanisms.
A modeling analysis of spatial statistical indicators of thresholds for algal blooms
Authors: Buelo C. D. , Carpenter S. R. , Pace M. L. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPredicting algal blooms both within and among aquatic ecosystems is important yet difficult because multiple factors promote and suppress blooms. Statistical indicators (e.g., variance and autocorrelation) based on time series can provide warning of transitions in diverse complex systems, including shifts from clear water to algal blooms. Analogous spatial indicators have been demonstrated with models and empirical data from vegetated terrestrial ecosystems. Here, we test the applicability of spatial indicators to algal blooms using a nutrient‐phytoplankton spatial model. We found that standard deviation and autocorrelation successfully distinguished bloom state and proximity to transitions, while skewness and kurtosis were more ambiguous. Our findings suggest certain spatial indicators are applicable to aquatic ecosystems despite dynamic physical–biological interactions that could reduce detectable signals. The growing capacity to collect spatial data on algal biomass presents an exciting opportunity for application and testing of spatial indicators to the study and management of blooms.
Midurethral support is also necessary for reflex closure of the urethra
Authors: de Vries Allert M. , Venema Pieter L. , Heesakkers John P. F. A. 
Published: September 2018

Background and ObjectivesThe pathophysiology of female stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is far from unraveled. Capturing all aspects of this bothersome condition in one theory remains challenging. The well‐known Hammock and Integral theories, both from the early 90's, were successful in explaining a large proportion of the observations made in clinical practice. Nevertheless, some (pre)clinical observations cannot be explained by the current understanding. One of the issues concerns the pressure transmission. Is this process really a passive mechanical action, or is an additional active mechanism responsible for urethral closure? The finding that an increase in urethral pressure sometimes precedes and exceeds the increase in intravesical pressure suggests the latter. This concept has never been incorporated in one of the existing theories describing SUI. This is remarkable as a lot of evidence has been generated in recent years that proves involvement of active components. This review aims to provide an additional theory in which an active reflex closure mechanism of the urethra is incorporated.MethodsRecent as well as older publications from clinical and animal studies are included to support the hypothesis.ResultsThe smooth muscles of the urethra, the vascular bed, and the estrogen‐influenced urethral mucosa, combined with striated muscle tone, contribute to the intra‐urethral pressure. A passive transmission of force to the urethra exists only in the abdominal proximal third of the urethra. In the distal two thirds of the urethra an active closure mechanism is present, dependent on sufficient urethral support in the proper anatomical position. This active closure mechanism is generated by reflex contraction of striated muscles of the urethra and the pelvic floor.ConclusionContinence is a result of passive as well as active urethral closure mechanisms. The most important factor in female continence seems to be the proper functioning of an active reflex urethral closing mechanism.
The near disappearance of fetal hydrops in relation to current state‐of‐the‐art management of red cell alloimmunization
Authors: Zwiers Carolien , Oepkes Dick , Lopriore Enrico , Klumper Frans J. , de Haas Masja , van Kamp Inge L. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveIn this study, we aim to evaluate trends in the condition of fetuses and neonates with hemolytic disease at the time of first intrauterine transfusion (IUT) and at birth, in relation to routine first‐trimester antibody screening, referral guidelines, and centralization of fetal therapy.MethodWe conducted a 30‐year cohort study including all women and fetuses treated with IUT for red cell alloimmunization at the Dutch national referral center for fetal therapy.ResultsSix hundred forty‐five fetuses received 1852 transfusions between 1 January 1987 and 31 December 2016. After the introduction of routine first‐trimester antibody screening, the hydrops rate declined from 39% to 15% (OR 0.284, 95% CI, 0.19‐0.42, P < 0.001). In the last time cohort, only one fetus presented with severe hydrops (OR 0.482, 95% CI, 0.38‐0.62, P < 0.001). Infants are born less often <32 weeks (OR 0.572, 95% CI, 0.39‐0.83, P = 0.004) and with higher neonatal hemoglobin (P < 0.001). Neonatal hemoglobin was positively independently associated with gestational age at birth, fetal hemoglobin, and additional intraperitoneal transfusion at last IUT.ConclusionSevere alloimmune hydrops, a formerly often lethal condition, has practically disappeared, most likely as a result of the introduction of routine early alloantibody screening, use of national guidelines, and pooling of expertise in national reference laboratories and a referral center for fetal therapy.
Using trajectory models to assess the effect of hydrocodone upscheduling among chronic hydrocodone users
Authors: Murimi Irene B. , Chang Hsien‐Yen , Bicket Mark , Jones Christopher M. , Alexander G. Caleb 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPurposeIn October 2014, the US Drug Enforcement Agency moved hydrocodone combination products (HCPs) from schedule III to II of the Controlled Substances Act, further restricting their access. The aim of the study is to quantify the effect of hydrocodone's “upscheduling” on the use of opioid and nonopioid analgesics among chronic users.MethodsUsing IQVIA LRx LifeLink anonymized pharmacy data 2013 to 2015, we performed interrupted time series analysis and group‐based trajectory modeling to characterize the effect of rescheduling on 316 731 long‐term hydrocodone users. Main measures were the number of prescriptions, patients, tablets, and morphine milligram equivalents of opioids and nonopioid analgesics pre and post the policy change. We used logistic regression to assess the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics and these measures.ResultsThe schedule change was associated with significant declines in opioid prescriptions (20.9%, from 421 798 to 333 627) and the number of patients using opioids (11.4%, from 307 974 to 272 804). Majority of hydrocodone users filled prescriptions for nonopioid analgesics with some declines in the number of users after the schedule change (5.2%, from 181 085 to 171 758). Based on group‐based trajectory models, majority of patients continued to fill HCP prescriptions consistently after the policy change, while 15.4% showed large declines in HCP use, accounting for two‐thirds of the decrease in opioid volume. There was no evidence that the policy change was associated with significant increases in the use of alternative analgesics.ConclusionsThe upscheduling of hydrocodone led to reductions in opioid use, which were concentrated among a small subset of chronic hydrocodone users, without evidence of commensurate increases in the use of alternative pharmacologic pain treatments.
Factors distinguishing important identified risks from important potential risks in orphan and nonorphan drugs: An analysis of safety specifications of Japan and European Union risk management plans
Authors: Hirota Saeko , Yamaguchi Takuhiro 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPurposeThe purposes of the study are to compare safety specifications between Japan and the European Union (EU) and to identify the factors affecting categorization of important identified or potential risks.MethodsSafety specifications were collected from orphan and nonorphan drugs approved in Japan between 2014 and 2016, and in the EU as of October 2017. Outcome was defined dichotomously as listed as important identified risks or potential risks. A mixed‐effects logistic regression was performed to estimate odds ratios of being listed as important identified risks.ResultsThis study included 20 orphan and 33 nonorphan drugs. The number of safety specifications per drug and the distribution of risk categories were significantly different between Japan and the EU regardless of orphan status. In orphan drugs, the occurrence of serious adverse events (AEs) during clinical trials for new drug applications was associated with a higher probability of being listed as important identified risks in Japan, while AE rate (%) was positively associated with being listed as important identified risks in the EU. For nonorphan drugs in Japan, AE occurring at a high rate, adverse drug reactions (ADRs) listed as important identified risks in EU risk management plans, and clinically significant ADRs known in similar drugs were likely to be listed as important identified risks, whereas a ≥1.4 risk ratio was associated with a higher probability of being listed as important identified risks in the EU.ConclusionsFactors affecting risk categories were different between Japan and the EU, which might contribute to the difference in safety specifications between these 2 regions.
Randomized controlled trial of a brief cognitive‐behavioral strategies intervention for the pain, fatigue, and sleep disturbance symptom cluster in advanced cancer
Authors: Kwekkeboom Kristine , Zhang Yingzi , Campbell Toby , Coe Christopher L. , Costanzo Erin , Serlin Ronald C. , Ward Sandra 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectivePatients receiving treatment for advanced cancer suffer significant symptom burden, including co‐occurring pain, fatigue, and sleep disturbance. There is limited evidence for effective interventions targeting this common symptom cluster.MethodsA randomized controlled trial of a brief cognitive‐behavioral strategies (CBS) intervention was conducted. A sample of 164 patients with advanced cancer receiving chemotherapy practiced imagery, relaxation, and distraction exercises or listened to cancer education recordings (attention‐control) to manage co‐occurring pain, fatigue, and sleep disturbance over a 9‐week period. Symptom cluster severity, distress, and interference with daily life were measured at baseline and 3, 6, and 9 weeks. We also evaluated the moderating influence of imaging ability and number of concurrent symptoms, and mediating effects of changes in stress, anxiety, outcome expectancy, and perceived control over symptoms.ResultsCompared with the cancer education condition, participants receiving the CBS intervention reported less symptom cluster distress at week 6 (M = 1.82 vs 2.15 on a 0‐4 scale, P < .05). No other group differences were statistically significant. The number of concurrent symptoms moderated the intervention effect on symptom cluster interference. Changes in stress, outcome expectancy, and perceived control mediated the extent of intervention effects on symptom outcomes, primarily at weeks 6 and 9.ConclusionsThe brief CBS intervention had limited effects in this trial. However, findings regarding potential mediators affirm hypothesized mechanisms and provide insight into ways to strengthen future interventions to reduce the suffering associated with co‐occurring pain, fatigue, and sleep disturbance.
Effect of Ahasl1‐1 and Ahasl1‐4 alleles on herbicide resistance and its associated dominance in sunflower
Authors: Breccia Gabriela , Gianotto Laura , Altieri Emiliano , Bulos Mariano , Nestares Graciela 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDAcetohydroxyacid synthase large subunit 1 (Ahasl1) is a multiallelic locus involved in herbicide resistance in sunflower. Ahasl1‐1 and Ahasl1‐4 alleles harbor different point mutations that lead to different amino acid substitutions (Ala205Val and Trp574Leu, respectively). The objectives of this work were to evaluate the effect of these alleles at the enzymatic and whole‐plant levels, and to determine the dominance relationships for imazapyr and metsulfuron‐methyl herbicides.RESULTSResistant near‐isogenic lines showed significantly lower specific AHAS activity than susceptible near‐isoline. However, kinetic studies indicated that mutations did not change AHAS pyruvate affinity. Dose–response for six near‐isolines carrying different combinations of Ahasl1‐1 and Ahasl1‐4 alleles and two herbicides (imazapyr and metsulfuron‐methyl) were evaluated at whole‐plant and enzymatic levels. Ahasl1‐1 allele conferred moderate resistance to imazapyr and low resistance to metsulfuron‐methyl. Conversely, Ahasl1‐4 allele endowed high levels of resistance for both herbicides. Dominance of resistance at whole‐plant level showed a semi‐dominant behavior among the alleles for both herbicides.CONCLUSIONAhasl1‐4 allele confers higher resistance levels than Ahasl1‐1 when evaluated with imazapyr and metsulfuron‐methyl. Dominance estimations suggested that both parental lines should carry a resistance trait when developing hybrids. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Overlooked trade‐offs of environmentally protective hydropower operation: Impacts to ancillary services and greenhouse gas emissions
Authors: Rand Joseph 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe relicensing of large hydropower projects in the United States often enforces environmental constraints such as minimum instream flows. These requirements can reduce hydropower's negative environmental impacts but may come at a cost of reduced electric generation and revenue. During the federal hydropower relicensing process, participants negotiate these environmental and economic trade‐offs based on coarse models, often conflating impacts on generation and revenue, overlooking ancillary services (AS) markets, and ignoring potential greenhouse gas (GHG) implications. Using a case study of a 362‐MW hydropower project in California, this research conducts higher resolution modelling to compare energy generation, AS provision, revenue, and GHG impacts of two hydropower operating regimes. The environmentally protective regime reduces average generation by 6% but increases AS provision by 2%. Total average revenue decreases by 3.5% under environmental constraints using current electricity prices (and by only 1.1% when modelled with projected 2030 electricity prices), indicating that generation impacts should not be equated with revenue impacts during relicensing. In the California electricity market, this reduced hydropower generation is replaced primarily by natural gas, resulting in an estimated 30,000 additional tons of CO2 emitted annually. These positive and negative externalities are not adequately examined in the hydropower relicensing process.
Synthesis of Methanethiol from Methanol and Carbon Disulfide over CoKW/Al2O3 Catalysts: The Possible Reaction Network and Reaction Mechanism
Authors: Wang WeiMing , Li JianJun , He QiuJin , Peng Shuai , Yang YiQuan , Li Ming 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSynthesis of methanethiol from methanol and carbon disulfide was catalyzed by KW/γ‐Al2O3 catalysts under different reaction conditions. A possible reaction network was put forward by investigating the effects of the molar ratio of reactants, the reaction pressure, the reaction temperature, the residence time, and in the presence of water and hydrogen sulfide on the catalytic performance. Furthermore, the relationship between the conversion of CH3OH, the yield of CH3SH and the surface acid‐base properties was discussed in detail. The catalytic results measured in the laboratory scale (2 ml catalysts) and those obtained in the scaling‐up tests (50 ml original grain catalysts) are well matched. Combined with pyridine adsorption Fourier Transform Infrared (FT‐IR), CO2/NH3‐Temperature Programmed Desorption (CO2/NH3‐TPD), and the catalytic results, it was found that the conversion of CH3OH can be chiefly correlated with weak and moderate acid sites, while the selectivity toward CH3SH is mainly related to the weak basic sites, and the possible reaction mechanism was put forward.
How classmates' stress affects student's quality of motivation
Authors: Raufelder Diana , Lazarides Rebecca , Lätsch Alexander 
Published: September 2018

AbstractOver the last decades, more and more adolescents and children feel chronically stressed, which negatively affects their school performance. However, less is known whether classmates' general stress affects an individual student's quality of motivation. Therefore, based on conservation of resources theory, this study examined the precise interplay between general stress and the quality of motivation for students in high‐ and low‐tracking schools considering potential context effects. Results of multilevel multigroup structural equation models with questionnaire data from 1,088 German students identified differences in the relation between general stress and quality of motivation for students from different school forms on both the within and between level.
Adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms and passive leadership: The mediating role of daytime sleepiness
Authors: Carleton Erica L. , Barling Julian 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPassive leadership is attracting empirical interest with the detrimental effects of this type of leadership on a broad array of individual and organizational outcomes becoming apparent. However, just why leaders would engage in this type of nonleadership has received less research attention. We investigate whether and how leaders' attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with passive leadership. Using a framework specifying how the physiology of sleepiness impacts the workplace, we hypothesize that leaders' ADHD is associated with passive leadership indirectly through daytime sleepiness. After controlling for leaders' age, gender, and preclinical symptoms of depression and anxiety, standard ordinary least squares regression procedures were implemented through Hayes' PROCESS models. Multisource data from 98 leader–follower groups (M number of followers per leader = 4.38, SD = 1.78) showed that the effects of leaders' ADHD symptoms on passive leadership were mediated by daytime sleepiness. Conceptual, methodological, and practical implications are discussed.
Chemical evaluation and cytotoxic mechanism investigation of Clinacanthus nutans extract in lymphoma SUP‐T1 cells
Authors: Lu Mei‐Chin , Li Tsung‐Yuan , Hsieh Yu‐Chun , Hsieh Pao‐Chuan , Chu Yung‐Lin 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Clinacanthus nutans has been used as herbal medicine with antidiabetic, blood pressure lowering, and diuretic properties in Singapore, Thailand, and Malaysia. The in vitro cellular study showed the chloroform extract possessed significant cytotoxicity against leukemia K562 and lymphoma Raji cells. The clinical study reported that administration of plant could treat or prevent relapse in 12 cancer patients. However, detailed mechanism of the anticancer effects and chemical profiles are not thoroughly studied. The chemical study did show that the acetone extract (MHA) exerted the highest antiproliferative effect on human leukemia MOLT‐4 cells and lymphoma SUP‐T1 cells in dose‐dependent cytotoxicity. We found that the use of MHA increased apoptosis by 4.28%‐43.65% and caused disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) by 11.79%‐26.93%, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) by 19.54% and increased calcium ion by 233.83%, as demonstrated by annexin‐V/PI, JC‐1, H2DCFDA, and Flou‐3 staining assays, respectively. MHA‐induced ER stress was confirmed by increase expression of CHOP and IRE‐1α with western blotting assay. In conclusion, we identified good bioactivity in Clinacanthus nutans and recognize its potential effect on cancer therapy, but further research is needed to determine the use of the plant.