bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENERAPAN IMBALAN DAN KONSEKUENSI BERBASIS DEMOKRASI DALAM UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KEDISIPLINAN SISWA KELAS 3 SEKOLAH DASAR KUPANG [THE IMPLEMENTATION OF DEMOCRATIC-BASED REWARDS AND CONSEQUENCES TO IMPROVE DISCIPLINE OF GRADE 3 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN KUPANG]
Authors: Wagiu Ester Margareth , Hidayat Dylmoon 
Published: January 2019

<p class="abstrak">The problem of discipline is an issue that is considered common in the classroom setting. The researcher found that the lack of discipline in some students in a grade 3 elementary school in Kupang made the atmosphere in the classroom uncomfortable and not conducive to learning. The researcher's aim was to integrate democratic-based rewards and consequences into the discipline process. Classroom Action Research was used with 4 students as the subjects. The study implemented in three cycles from October 16, 2017, to November 1, 2017. The instruments that were used in continuing to the next cycle were students' activities and observation; other instruments were observation of the method's implementation, mentor's interview, and students' questionnaires. The result of the research showed improved changes to student discipline from cycle one to cycle three.</p><p class="abstrak"><strong>BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRAK: </strong>Masalah disiplin di dalam kelas adalah suatu kebiasaan yang sudah dianggap umum terjadi di dalam kelas. Pada saat mengajar peneliti menemukan masalah kurangnya disiplin pada beberapa siswa di kelas 3 sekolah dasar Kupang yang menjadikan kelas tidak nyaman dan tidak kondusif untuk dilaksanakan pembelajaran. Peneliti bertujuan untuk memadukan antara demokrasi, imbalan dan konsekuensi dalam proses pendisiplinan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode tindakan kelas dengan 4 orang siswa sebagai subyek. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan sampai tiga siklus dari tanggal 16 Oktober 2017 sampai dengan 1 November 2017. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk melanjutkan siklus adalah lembar observasi aktivitas siswa dan instrumen lainnya adalah lembar observasi penerapan metode, wawancara mentor dan angket siswa. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan adanya perubahan kedisiplinan yang lebih baik pada siswa dari siklus satu hingga siklus ke tiga.</p>
Content of Hindi and English Television News Channels: The Journalists’ Perspective
Authors: Kumar Amit , Gaur Poonam 
Published: January 2019

<p>The news is not just an ordinary media product, especially in a democracy. It plays a very crucial role in engaging common people in democratic processes. Television news media plays a vital role in shaping the public opinion which is very important in any democracy. As a result, the content of television news channels has been the topic of serious discussion and research among journalists and academics. This study employed a qualitative approach to reveal the perspectives of working journalists on the different aspects of the content of Hindi and English television news channels.</p><p><strong> </strong></p>
From the Outside In: Biological Mechanisms Linking Social and Environmental Exposures to Chronic Disease and to Health Disparities
Authors: Bagby Susan P. , Martin Damali , Chung Stephanie T. , Rajapakse Nishadi 
Published: January 2019

The ongoing epidemic of chronic diseases involves a spectrum of clinical entities now understood to represent late manifestations of progressive metabolic dysfunction initiated in early life. These diseases disproportionately affect disadvantaged populations, exacerbating health disparities that persist despite public health efforts. Excessive exposure to stressful psychosocial and environmental forces is 1 factor known to contribute to population-level disparities in at-risk settings. Yet increasing evidence reveals that even a single adverse environmental exposure—especially during very early developmental years—can become literally biologically embedded, inducing long-lasting disease-promoting pathways that amplify responses (e.g., cortisol, immune, inflammatory) to all future adverse stressors, thus enhancing their disease-promoting impacts. The same pathways may also interact with ancestrally linked genetic variants to modify chronic disease risk. We address how, in at-risk populations, environmentally activated disease-promoting pathways can contribute to a biologically based disease-susceptible phenotype; this is likely to be uniquely damaging in populations with multiple adverse exposures and is capable of cross-generational transmission. Intended to complement existing models, this biological perspective highlights key research opportunities and life-stage priorities with potential to enhance the reduction of health disparities.
Building the Evidence Base to Inform Planned Intervention Adaptations by Practitioners Serving Health Disparity Populations
Authors: Alvidrez Jennifer , Nápoles Anna María , Bernal Guillermo , Lloyd Jacqueline , Cargill Victoria , Godette Dionne , Cooper Lisa , Horse Brave Heart Maria Yellow , Das Rina , Farhat Tilda 
Published: January 2019

Many evidence-based interventions (EBIs) have been developed to prevent or treat major health conditions. However, many EBIs have exhibited limited adoption, reach, and sustainability when implemented in diverse community settings. This limitation is especially pronounced in low-resource settings that serve health disparity populations. Often, practitioners identify problems with existing EBIs originally developed and tested with populations different from their target population and introduce needed adaptations to make the intervention more suitable. Although some EBIs have been extensively adapted for diverse populations and evaluated, most local adaptations to improve fit for health disparity populations are not well documented or evaluated. As a result, empirical evidence is often lacking regarding the potential effectiveness of specific adaptations practitioners may be considering. We advocate an expansion in the emphasis of adaptation research from researcher-led interventions to research that informs practitioner-led adaptations. By presenting a research vision and strategies needed to build this area of science, we aim to inform research that facilitates successful adaptation and equitable implementation and delivery of EBIs that reduce health disparities.
Assessing the Effectiveness of Evidence-Based Medicine in Practice
Authors: Hutyra Carolyn A. , Streufert Benjamin , Politzer Cary S. , Agaba Perez , Rubin Elka , Orlando Lori A. , Taylor Dean C. , Mather Richard C. 
Published: January 2019

Background:The dissemination of evidence-based information into medical practice is essential to provide patients with optimal care and realize society’s substantial investments in medical research. Effective information delivery and treatment utilization may lead to improvements in patient outcome, reductions in cost, and an overall lower burden on the health-care system. This study examines the dissemination of medical evidence following a first-time anterior shoulder dislocation (FTASD) and assesses the impact of potential dissemination strategies.Methods:The state of evidence dissemination into clinical practice for FTASD was evaluated with use of the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework. The treatment pathway for patients with FTASDs was mapped and evaluated using data that were collected through an orthopaedic shoulder-specialist survey and with review of a claims database.Results:A total of 1,755 patients with an FTASD were identified through a national claims database; 50% of patients followed up with a care provider within 30 days after an emergency department (ED) or urgent care visit. Based on shoulder-specialist survey data, physician estimates of the risk of redislocation within a 2-year window aligned with medical evidence 59% of the time. Only 29% of patients obtained information for FTASD that aligns with high-level medical evidence.Conclusions:There are gaps and deficiencies in the dissemination and application of evidence in the treatment of FTASDs. Specifically, patients have limited exposure to health-care encounters where appropriate information related to low rates of follow-up following ED or urgent care visits may be communicated. Evaluating the current state of practice and identifying areas of improvement for the dissemination of evidence regarding FTASDs can be achieved through application of the RE-AIM framework. Greater consideration and resourcing of dissemination and implementation strategies may improve the dissemination and the impact of existing medical evidence.
Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization (FISH) for the Diagnosis of Periprosthetic Joint Infection in Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Surgical Tissues
Authors: Lippmann Torsten , Braubach Peter , Ettinger Max , Kuehnel Mark , Laenger Florian , Jonigk Danny 
Published: January 2019

Background:
As the number of arthroplasties performed increases, periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) represents a common and challenging problem. The Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) recommends diagnosing PJI according to its guidelines. The aim of the current study was to assess whether fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded periprosthetic membranes can successfully improve the diagnosis of infection in patients with orthopaedic implants.

Methods:
We retrospectively analyzed 88 periprosthetic membranes of joint prostheses using FISH analysis according to a standard protocol, with a probe targeting a sequence found in most bacteria. We compared the results with routine clinical classification according to the guidelines of the MSIS, microbiological culture, and histopathological classification according to Morawietz and Krenn. We additionally performed FISH analysis using 2 species-specific probes for several culture-positive cases.

Results:
FISH successfully detected bacteria in 38 (95%) of 40 periprosthetic membranes that were rated positive by clinical classification. FISH results compared with clinical classification demonstrated a sensitivity of 95% (95% confidence interval [CI], 83.08% to 99.39%), a specificity of 85.42% (95% CI, 72.24% to 93.93%), a positive predictive value of 84.44% (95% CI, 70.55% to 93.50%), and a negative predictive value of 95.35% (95% CI, 84.19% to 99.43%). FISH results compared with histopathological classification demonstrated a sensitivity of 95.12% (95% CI, 83.47% to 99.40%), a specificity of 87.23% (95% CI, 74.26% to 95.17%), a positive predictive value of 86.67% (95% CI, 73.21% to 94.95%), and a negative predictive value of 95.35% (95% CI, 84.19% to 99.43%). We successfully detected Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus with species-specific FISH probes in all cases that were positive for these respective bacteria by microbiological culture.

Conclusions:
FISH-based diagnosis of PJI is feasible and can be used as an additional diagnostic criterion. FISH not only can detect bacteria in periprosthetic membranes but can also differentiate pathogens at the species level. FISH represents a fast and reliable tool for detecting PJI in periprosthetic membranes, especially in combination with clinical and histopathological classification.

Level of Evidence:
Diagnostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Comparison of Infection Risk with Corticosteroid or Hyaluronic Acid Injection Prior to Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Richardson Shawn S. , Schairer William W. , Sculco Thomas P. , Sculco Peter K. 
Published: January 2019

Background:
Recent studies have shown that intra-articular injections ≤3 months before total knee arthroplasty increase the risk of periprosthetic joint infection. We are aware of no previous study that has differentiated the risk of periprosthetic joint infection on the basis of the type of medication injected. In addition, we are aware of no prior study that has evaluated whether hyaluronic acid injections increase the risk of infection after total knee arthroplasty. In this study, we utilized pharmaceutical data to compare patients who received preoperative corticosteroid or hyaluronic acid injections and to determine whether a specific injection type increased the risk of periprosthetic joint infection.

Methods:
Patients undergoing unilateral primary total knee arthroplasty were selected from a nationwide private insurer database. Ipsilateral preoperative injections were identified and were grouped by medication codes for corticosteroid or hyaluronic acid. Patients who had received both types of injections ≤1 year before total knee arthroplasty were excluded. The outcome of interest was periprosthetic joint infection that occurred ≤6 months following the total knee arthroplasty. The risk of periprosthetic joint infection was compared between groups (no injection, corticosteroid, hyaluronic acid) and between patients who received single or multiple injections. Statistical comparisons were performed using logistic regression controlling for age, sex, and comorbidities.

Results:
A total of 58,337 patients underwent total knee arthroplasty during the study period; 3,249 patients (5.6%) received hyaluronic acid and 16,656 patients (28.6%) received corticosteroid ≤1 year before total knee arthroplasty. The overall infection rate was 2.74% in the no-injection group. Multivariable logistic regression showed independent periprosthetic joint infection risk for both corticosteroid (odds ratio [OR], 1.21; p = 0.014) and hyaluronic acid (OR, 1.55; p = 0.029) given ≤3 months before total knee arthroplasty. There was no increased risk with injections >3 months prior to total knee arthroplasty. Direct comparison of corticosteroid and hyaluronic acid showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) between medications or between single and multiple injections.

Conclusions:
Preoperative corticosteroid or hyaluronic acid injection ≤3 months before total knee arthroplasty increased the risk of periprosthetic joint infection. There was no difference in infection risk between medications or between multiple and single injections. On the basis of these data, we recommend avoiding both injection types in the 3 months prior to total knee arthroplasty.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Spinal Tuberculosis
Authors: Ali Ahmed , Musbahi Omar , White Veronica L.C. , Montgomery Alexander Sheriff 
Published: January 2019

* Spinal tuberculosis (STB) is a common form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB), accounting for 3.7% of TB cases in the United States.* The most common presentation is chronic back pain, for which the diagnosis of STB can be easily overlooked, leading to the development of neurological deficits and osseous deformities of the spine.* The risk of TB is increasing as a result of multidrug-resistant TB strains.* The first line of treatment is antitubercular medical therapy, with surgical intervention being indicated for decompression of neurological elements that have been unresponsive to medical therapy, the restoration of spinal stability, and the correction of deformity.* Early diagnosis and treatment improve the prognosis.* This review of the current literature on STB offers an insight into our experience on STB treatment at a western STB specialist hospital.
Modeling velocity distributions in small streams using different neuro-fuzzy and neural computing techniques
Authors: Genc Onur , Kisi Ozgur , Ardiclioglu Mehmet 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Accurate estimation of velocity distribution in open channels or streams (especially in turbulent flow conditions) is very important and its measurement is very difficult because of spatio-temporal variation in velocity vectors. In the present study, velocity distribution in streams was estimated by two different artificial neural networks (ANN), ANN with conjugate gradient (ANN-CG) and ANN with Levenberg–Marquardt (ANN-LM), and two different adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS), ANFIS with grid partition (ANFIS-GP) and ANFIS with subtractive clustering (ANFIS-SC). The performance of the proposed models was compared with the multiple-linear regression (MLR) model. The comparison results revealed that the ANN-CG, ANN-LM, ANFIS-GP, and ANFIS-SC models performed better than the MLR model in estimating velocity distribution. Among the soft computing methods, the ANFIS-GP was observed to be better than the ANN-CG, ANN-LM, and ANFIS-SC models. The root mean square errors (RMSE) and mean absolute errors (MAE) of the MLR model were reduced by 69% and 72%, respectively, using the ANFIS-GP model to estimate velocity distribution in the test period.
Electro-oxidation of landfill leachate using boron-doped diamond: role of current density, pH and ions
Authors: Agustina F. , Bagastyo A. Y. , Nurhayati E. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Electro-oxidation using a boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode can be used as an alternative to leachate treatment. Aside from the hydroxyl radical, BDDs are capable of generating chloride and sulfate radical species that play significant roles in the oxidation of pollutants. This research investigated the role of Cl−:SO42− ions at molar ratios of 237:1, 4:1 and 18:1, and the influence of applied current density (i.e. 50, 75 and 100 mA cm−2) on the removal of organic and ammonium contaminants. The results show that current density had considerable effects on chemical oxygen demand (COD) and colour removal, while ion composition of Cl−:SO42− at pH 3, 5 and 8.5 (original pH) gave different effects on COD and ammonium removal. The pH had a significant effect on the COD removal at the ratio of 237:1, but showed no dramatic effect at the ratio of 18:1, giving ∼40% of COD removal at all pHs tested. This indicates that electro-oxidation at the ratio of 18:1 could be effectively conducted at a wide range of pH. Furthermore, the optimum ammonium removal was obtained at pH 8.5 with the ratio of 237:1. This process was found to be ineffective in increasing the biodegradability index of the leachate; instead, it exhibited mineralization of organic content.
OsmiR528 Enhances Cold Stress Tolerance by Repressing Expression of Stress Response-related Transcription Factor Genes in Plant Cells
Authors: Tang Wei , Thompson Wells A. 
Published: January 2019

Background:
MicroRNAs participate in many molecular mechanisms and signaling transduction
pathways that are associated with plant stress tolerance by repressing expression of their target genes. However,
how microRNAs enhance tolerance to low temperature stress in plant cells remains elusive.

Objective:
In this investigation, we demonstrated that overexpression of the rice microRNA528 (OsmiR528)
increases cell viability, growth rate, antioxidants content, ascorbate peroxidase (APOX) activity,
and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and decreases ion leakage rate and thiobarbituric acid
reactive substances (TBARS) under low temperature stress in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana),
pine (Pinus elliottii), and rice (Oryza sativa).

Methods:
To investigate the potential mechanism of OsmiR528 in increasing cold stress tolerance, we
examined expression of stress-associated MYB transcription factors OsGAMYB-like1, OsMYBS3,
OsMYB4, OsMYB3R-2, OsMYB5, OsMYB59, OsMYB30, OsMYB1R, and OsMYB20 in rice cells
by qRT-PCR.

Results:
Our experiments demonstrated that OsmiR528 decreases expression of transcription factor
OsMYB30 by targeting a F-box domain containing protein gene (Os06g06050), which is a positive
regulator of OsMYB30. In OsmiR528 transgenic rice, reduced OsMYB30 expression results in increased
expression of BMY genes OsBMY2, OsBMY6, and OsBMY10. The transcript levels of the
OsBMY2, OsBMY6, and OsBMY10 were elevated by OsMYB30 knockdown, but decreased by Os-
MYB30 overexpression in OsmiR528 transgenic cell lines, suggesting that OsmiR528 increases low
temperature tolerance by modulating expression of stress response-related transcription factor.

Conclusion:
Our experiments provide novel information in increasing our understanding in molecular
mechanisms of microRNAs-associated low temperature tolerance and are valuable in plant molecular
breeding from monocotyledonous, dicotyledonous, and gymnosperm plants.
A Comparative Study on Transformation of UML/OCL to Other Specifications
Authors: Thangaraj Jagadeeswaran , Ulaganathan Senthilkumaran 
Published: January 2019

Background:
Static verification is a sound programming methodology that permits automated
reasoning about the correctness of an implementation with respect to its formal specification
before its execution. Unified Modelling Language is most commonly used modelling language
which describes the client’s requirement. Object Constraint Language is a formal language which
allows users to express textual constraints regarding the UML model. Therefore, UML/OCL express
formal specification and helps the developers to implement the code according to the client’s requirement
through software design.

Objective:
This paper aims to compare the existing approaches generating Java, C++, C# code or
JML, Spec# specifications from UML/OCL.

Methods:
Nowadays, software system is developed via automatic code generation from software design
to implementation when using formal specification and static analysis. In this paper, the study
considers transformation from design to implementation and vice versa using model transformation,
code generation or other techniques.

Results:
The related tools, which generate codes, do not support verification at the implementation
phase. On the other hand, the specification generation tools do not generate all the required properties
which are needed for verification at the implementation phase.

Conclusion:
If the generated system supports the verification with all required properties, code developer
needs less efforts to produce correct software system. Therefore, this study recommends introducing
a new framework which can act as an interface between design and implementation to
generate verified software systems.
Comparison of Regulatory Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceutical Drugs in Asean and GCC Regions
Authors: Mohit  , Deep Aakash , Khurana Gaurav , Kumar Jagdeep , Monga Akshay 
Published: January 2019

Background:
The product registration in rest of the world is a challenging task because
they are not harmonized. ASEAN and GCC regions come under semi-regulated market. These regions
have somewhat harmonized their regulatory organization. The significance of an emerging
market is increasing globally. It is important for pharmaceutical companies to be up-to-date with
the latest regulatory development. ASEAN used ACTD format and GCC used ICH CTD format
for drug product Registration. ASEAN includes a group of countries like Singapore, Philippines
etc. Whereas GCC includes Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and UAE.

Conclusion:
This review article focuses on general regulatory requirements of registration of
pharmaceuticals in ASEAN and GCC region.