bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of five self‐report screening instruments for substance use in pregnancy
Authors: Ondersma Steven J. , Chang Grace , Blake‐Lamb Tiffany , Gilstad‐Hayden Kathryn , Orav John , Beatty Jessica R. , Goyert Gregory L. , Yonkers Kimberly A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackground and aimsThe accuracy of current screening instruments for identification of substance use in pregnancy is unclear, particularly given methodological shortcomings in existing research. This diagnostic accuracy study compared five existing instruments for ability to identify illicit drug, opioid and alcohol use, under privacy expectations consistent with applied practice and using a gold standard incorporating toxicological analysis.DesignProspective cross‐sectional screening accuracy study.SettingThree sites encompassing four prenatal care clinics in the United States.ParticipantsConvenience sample of 1220 racially, ethnically and socio‐economically diverse pregnant women aged 18 years and over.MeasurementsIn Phase I, participants completed the five screening instruments in counterbalanced order. Instruments included the Substance Use Risk Profile—Pregnancy (SURP‐P), CRAFFT (acronym for five‐item screener with items related to car, relax, alone, forget, friends and trouble), 5Ps (parents, peers, partner, pregnancy, past), Wayne Indirect Drug Use Screener (WIDUS) and the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Quick Screen. In Phase II, participants provided a urine sample and completed a calendar recall‐based interview regarding substance use. These screeners were tested, using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and accuracy statistics, against a reference standard consisting of substance use in three classes (illicit drugs, opioids and alcohol), considered positive if use was evident via 30‐day calendar recall or urine analysis.FindingsThree hundred and fifteen of 1220 participants (26.3%) met reference standard criteria for positivity. The single‐item screening questions from the NIDA Quick Screen showed high specificity (0.99) for all substances, but very poor sensitivity (0.10–0.27). The 5Ps showed high sensitivity (0.80–0.88) but low specificity (0.35–0.37). The CRAFFT, SURP‐P and 5Ps had the highest area under the curve (AUC) for alcohol (0.67, 0.66 and 0.62, respectively), and the WIDUS had the highest AUC for illicit drugs and opioids (0.70 and 0.69, respectively). Performance of all instruments varied significantly with race, site and economic status.ConclusionsOf five screening instruments for substance use in pregnancy tested (Substance Use Risk Profile—Pregnancy (SURP‐P), CRAFFT, 5Ps, Wayne Indirect Drug Use Screener (WIDUS) and the National Institute on Drug Abuse (Quick Screen), none showed both high sensitivity and high specificity, and area under the curve was low for nearly all measures.
Cancer outcomes in patients requiring immunosuppression in addition to corticosteroids for immune‐related adverse events after immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy
Authors: Burdett Nikki , Hsu Kristin , Xiong Libo , Tapia‐Rico Gonzalo , Beckmann Kerri , Karapetis Christos , Brown Michael P. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimTo examine the cancer‐specific outcomes for patients who experience immune‐related adverse events requiring immunosuppression beyond corticosteroids.MethodsWe performed a retrospective case series of patients between January 1, 2009 and April 1, 2018, across three metropolitan hospitals in Adelaide, South Australia. Eligible patients were identified from pharmacy records. Patients with a solid organ malignancy had discontinued checkpoint inhibitor therapy due to toxicity, and required immunosuppression in addition to corticosteroids to treat any immune‐related adverse event.ResultsFrom 3860 patient dispensation records of immunosuppressive medications, 19 eligible patients were identified. Eight received a CTLA‐4 inhibitor, four a PD‐1 inhibitor, five combination immunotherapy, and two remained blinded. Sixteen patients had melanoma and three had non‐small cell lung cancer. Median time to treatment failure was 8.7 months, and median overall survival was 9.4 months. Of those evaluable, the objective response rate was 35%, while 53% had progressive disease. Four patients died due to complications of their irAE, while six died from progressive disease.ConclusionPatients who received immunosuppression for checkpoint inhibitor therapy toxicity had variable outcomes. This in part reflects a heterogeneous population, and the evolution of irAE management over time. Several patients continued to derive a benefit after cessation of therapy despite the use of immunosuppressive medications; conversely, four died as a direct consequence of their irAE. Physicians should promptly introduce immunosuppressive therapy in patients not responding to corticosteroids to mitigate the risk of life‐threatening adverse events, given that current evidence does not clearly demonstrate a detriment to cancer‐specific outcomes.
Who Uses Action Planning in a Web‐Based Computer‐Tailored Intervention to Reduce Workplace Sitting and What do Action Plans Look Like? Analyses of the Start to stand Intervention among Flemish Employees
Authors: De Cocker Katrien , Cardon Greet , Vergeer Ineke , Radtke Theda , Vandelanotte Corneel 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundAction planning plays an important role in many web‐based behaviour change interventions. As such, it is important to identify who engages in action planning and what action plans look like. This study examines (1) attributes of users creating an action plan and (2) the content of action plans made during a web‐based intervention to reduce workplace sitting.MethodsUsers answered “what” (short standing breaks and/or longer periods of standing), “when” (working hours, work breaks, commuting), “where” (workplace, transport mode), and “how” (frequency, duration, implementation intentions) questions. MANOVA and chi‐squared tests were conducted to compare those creating an action plan with those who did not. Descriptive statistics were used to examine the content of the action plans.ResultsThose creating an action plan (n = 236/1,701) were significantly older, more sedentary at work, and more aware of health risks related to excessive sitting compared to those not planning (n = 1,465). The majority planned standing breaks (n = 212) every 30 minutes, and periods of standing (n = 173) for 1 to 2 hours.ConclusionsFuture interventions should promote action planning more, especially among younger employees and those with less health‐related knowledge about sitting. Action plans were compatible with current sitting messages used in health promotion.
The usefulness of intraoperative X‐ray fluoroscopy in avoiding urethral injury during transanal total mesorectal excision
Authors: Tokunaga Takuya , Higashijima Jun , Yoshikawa Kozo , Nishi Masaaki , Kashihara Hideya , Takasu Chie , Shimada Mitsuo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntroductionUrethral injury is one of the most important complications that can occur during transanal total mesorectal excision in male patients with rectal cancer. This report shows the usefulness of intraoperative X‐ray fluoroscopy to avoid urethral injury associated with transanal total mesorectal excision.Materials and Surgical TechniqueReal‐time navigation using fluoroscopy was performed to check the distance between the urethra and the dissection line at the level of the exposed rectourethral muscle, the middle level of the divided rectourethral muscle, and the level at which the prostate was identified.DiscussionThe dissection was completed transanally up to the level of peritoneal reflection on the anterior side without urethral injury. Pathological examination confirmed that the circumferential resection margin was tumor free. This novel technique using intraoperative X‐ray fluoroscopy is an easy‐to‐use approach that helps prevent urethral injury in male patient who undergo transanal total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer.
Effects of nutrient limitation on sperm and seminal fluid: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Macartney Erin L. , Crean Angela J. , Nakagawa Shinichi , Bonduriansky Russell 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTTheory predicts that costly sexual traits should be reduced when individuals are in poor condition (i.e. traits should exhibit condition‐dependent expression). It is therefore widely expected that male ejaculate traits, such as sperm and seminal fluid, will exhibit reduced quantity and quality when dietary nutrients are limited. However, reported patterns of ejaculate condition dependence are highly variable, and there has been no comprehensive synthesis of underlying sources of such variation in condition‐dependent responses. In particular, it remains unclear whether all ejaculate traits are equally sensitive to nutrient intake, and whether such traits are particularly sensitive to certain dietary nutrients, respond more strongly to nutrients during specific life stages, or respond more strongly in some taxonomic groups. We systematically reviewed these potential sources of variation through a meta‐analysis across 50 species of arthropods and vertebrates (from 71 papers and 348 effect sizes). We found that overall, ejaculate traits are moderately reduced when dietary nutrients are limited, but we also detected substantial variation in responses. Seminal fluid quantity was strongly and consistently condition dependent, while sperm quantity was moderately condition dependent. By contrast, aspects of sperm quality (particularly sperm viability and morphology) were less consistently reduced under nutrient limitation. Ejaculate traits tended to respond in a condition‐dependent manner to a wide range of dietary manipulations, especially to caloric and protein restriction. Finally, while all major taxa for which sufficient data exist (i.e. arthropods, mammals, fish) showed condition dependence of ejaculate traits, we detected some taxonomic differences in the life stage that is most sensitive to nutrient limitation, and in the degree of condition dependence of specific ejaculate traits. Together, these biologically relevant factors accounted for nearly 20% of the total variance in ejaculate responses to nutrient limitation. Interestingly, body size showed considerably stronger condition‐dependent responses compared to ejaculate traits, suggesting that ejaculate trait expression may be strongly canalised to protect important reproductive functions, or that the cost of producing an ejaculate is relatively low. Taken together, our findings show that condition‐dependence of ejaculate traits is taxonomically widespread, but there are also many interesting, biologically relevant sources of variation that require further investigation. In particular, further research is needed to understand the differences in selective pressures that result in differential patterns of ejaculate condition dependence across taxa and ejaculate traits.
Stromal iodothyronine deiodinase 2 (DIO2) promotes the growth of intestinal tumors in ApcΔ716 mutant mice
Authors: Kojima Yasushi , Kondo Yuriko , Fujishita Teruaki , Mishiro‐Sato Emi , Kajino‐Sakamoto Rie , Taketo Makoto Mark , Aoki Masahiro 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIodothyronine deiodinase 2 (DIO2) converts the prohormone thyroxine (T4) to bioactive T3 in peripheral tissues and thereby regulates local thyroid hormone (TH) levels. Although epidemiologic studies suggest the contribution of TH to the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC), the role of DIO2 in CRC remains elusive. Here we show that Dio2 is highly expressed in intestinal polyps of ApcΔ716 mice, a mouse model of familial adenomatous polyposis and early stage sporadic CRC. Laser capture microdissection and in situ hybridization analysis show almost exclusive expression of Dio2 in the stroma of ApcΔ716 polyps in the proximity of the COX‐2‐positive areas. Treatment with iopanoic acid, a deiodinase inhibitor, or chemical thyroidectomy suppresses tumor formation in ApcΔ716 mice, accompanied by reduced tumor cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Dio2 expression in ApcΔ716 polyps is strongly suppressed by treatment with the COX‐2 inhibitor meloxicam. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas data shows upregulation of DIO2 in CRC clinical samples and a close association of its expression pattern with the stromal component, consistently with almost exclusive expression of DIO2 in the stroma of human CRC as revealed by in situ hybridization. These results indicate essential roles of stromal DIO2 and thyroid hormone signaling in promoting the growth of intestinal tumors.
Interaction of transforming growth factor‐β‐Smads/microRNA‐362‐3p/CD82 mediated by M2 macrophages promotes the process of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: Zhang Qinghui , Huang Feng , Yao Yongliang , Wang Jianjun , Wei Jue , Wu Qiong , Xiang Shihao , Xu Ling 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAbnormal tumor microenvironment and the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) are important features of tumor metastasis. However, it remains unknown how signals can form complicated networks to regulate the sustainability of the EMT process. The aim of our study is to explore the possible interaction between tumor‐associated macrophages and tumor cells in the EMT process mediated by microRNA (miR)‐362‐3p. In this study, we found that by releasing TGF‐β, M2 macrophages mediate binding of Smad2/3 to miR‐362‐3p promoter, leading to overexpression of miR‐362‐3p. MicroRNA‐362‐3p maintains EMT by regulating CD82, one of the most important members of the family of tetraspanins. Our finding suggests that miR‐362‐3p can serve as a core factor mediating cross‐talk between the TGF‐β pathway in tumor‐associated macrophages and tetraspanins in tumor cells, and thus facilitates the EMT process.
Recruiting fathers for parenting research using online advertising campaigns: Evidence from an Australian study
Authors: Leach Liana S. , Bennetts Shannon K. , Giallo Rebecca , Cooklin Amanda R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundFathers are underrepresented in parenting and child health research. Given there is a strong link between fathers' parenting behaviour and children's well‐being, there is a need to find ways to engage fathers more consistently. The current short report provides information and learnings about recruiting fathers online using social media. Results are drawn from an Australian study that aimed to recruit roughly equal numbers of mothers and fathers to participate in a survey about employment, parenting, and health, using online advertising.MethodsFirst, a series of five Facebook advertising campaigns were run, aimed at “parents” generally (i.e., gender‐neutral). A lack of recruited fathers prompted a second series of six Facebook campaigns aimed solely at fathers. All campaigns targeted employed adult parents of children (≤18 years) in Australia using Facebook's “Adverts Manager.”ResultsThe 11 campaigns recruited a total of 1,468 fathers. The vast majority of these fathers were recruited using the advertisements specifically aimed at fathers (n = 1,441). Gender‐neutral campaigns inviting and selecting “parents” to participate in the study overwhelmingly yielded samples of mothers. Similarly, advertisements inviting both “mums and dads” resulted in very low recruitment of fathers.ConclusionsThe extremely low numbers of fathers recruited using the gender‐neutral “parent‐focused” campaigns was unexpected. Potential reasons for this include low engagement with gender‐neutral parenting terms, and/or that mothers were disproportionally exposed to the Facebook advertisements. These learnings suggest that father‐focused recruitment is required to target and engage fathers in parenting research and services.
Coronary CT angiography by modifying tube voltage and contrast medium concentration: Evaluation of image quality and radiation dose
Authors: Mousavi Gazafroudi Seyede Shokoofeh , Tavakkoli Mohammad Bagher , Moradi Maryam , Mousavi Gazafroudi Seyede Shabnam , Yadegarfar Ghasem , Behjati Mohaddeseh , Karimian Mohammad , Sajjadieh Khajouei Amirreza 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundCurrently, there is an increasing interest in noninvasive imaging of cardiovascular system such as computed tomography coronary angiography (CCTA). The risks of radiation‐induced cancer and contrast‐induced nephropathy (CIN) have always been regarded as concerns which increased demand for CCTA using reduced radiation dose and iodine intake. We aimed to evaluate the image quality and radiation dose of CCTA by modifying tube voltage and concentration of contrast media.MethodsThe present study includes 105 patients who underwent CCTA for clinical indications. Specific inclusion and exclusion criteria in terms of patient's weight, body mass index, calcium score, and stenting were used. First group of patients scanned by 120 kV and 370 mg I/mL contrast medium, compared with second and third groups for which scanning was performed using 100 kV and 370 mg I/mL and 100 kV and 300 mg I/mL, respectively. Image quality was evaluated both subjectively and objectively. The effective dose and iodine intake were also measured.ResultsUsing low kV protocols led to radiation dose reduction up to 38% and applying low contrast medium concentration with consequent reduced iodine intake up to 21%. Moreover, there were significant differences in image quality of new scanning protocols.ConclusionReduction in tube voltage with lowering of contrast medium concentration can reduce radiation dose and iodine intake with acceptable image quality.
Low serum magnesium and 1‐year mortality in alcohol withdrawal syndrome
Authors: Maguire Donogh , Ross David P. , Talwar Dinesh , Forrest Ewan , Naz Abbasi Hina , Leach John‐Paul , Woods Marylynne , Zhu Luke Y. , Dickson Scott , Kwok Tong , Waterson Isla , Benson George , Scally Benjamin , Young David , McMillan Donald C. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn 2014, the WHO reported that 6% of all deaths were attributable to excess alcohol consumption. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between serum magnesium concentrations and mortality in patients with alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS).Materials and methodsA retrospective review of 700 patients with documented evidence of previous AWS indicating a requirement for benzodiazepine prophylaxis or evidence of alcohol withdrawal syndrome between November 2014 and March 2015.ResultsOf 380 patients included in the sample analysis, 64 (17%) were dead at 1 year following the time of treatment for AWS. The majority of patients had been prescribed thiamine (77%) and a proton pump inhibitor (66%). In contrast, the majority of patients had low circulating magnesium concentrations (<0.75 mmol/L) (64%) and had not been prescribed magnesium (90%). The median age of death at one year was 55 years (P = 0.002). On univariate analysis, age (P < 0.05), GMAWS (P < 0.05), BDZ (P < 0.05), bilirubin (P < 0.001), alkaline phosphatase (P < 0.001), albumin (P < 0.001), CRP (P < 0.05), AST:ALT ratio >2 (P < 0.001), sodium (P < 0.05), magnesium (P < 0.001), platelets (P < 0.05) and the use of proton pump inhibitor medication (P < 0.001) were associated with death at 1 year. On multivariate binary logistic regression analysis, age > 50 years (OR 3.37, 95% CI 1.52‐7.48, P < 0.01), AST:ALT ratio >2 (OR 3.10, 95% CI 1.38‐6.94, P < 0.01) and magnesium < 0.75 mmol/L (OR 4.11, 95% CI 1.3‐12.8, P < 0.05) remained independently associated with death at 1 year.ConclusionOverall, 1‐year mortality was significantly higher among those patients who were magnesium deficient (<0.75 mmol/L) when compared to those who were replete (≥0.75 mmol/L; P < 0.001).
Net cages enhance golden mussel (Limnoperna fortunei) larval density and condition factor
Authors: de Rezende Ayroza Daercy Maria Monteiro , do Carmo Clovis Ferreira , Camargo Antonio Fernando Monteiro , de Oliveira Márcia Divina , Petesse Maria Letizia 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Cage fish farming is an important economic activity in Brazil where tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is the main cultivated species. To investigate the cage fish farm as a vector for golden mussel invasion, we hypothesised that: (1) Limnoperna fortunei, a freshwater bivalve mollusc, finds greater food availability in the cage fish farm; (2) the cage fish farm favours mollusc colonisation and its nutritional status; and (3) its performance in the reservoir would vary over the year.

We obtained data from limnological variables as well as the number of larvae and adult individuals, to evaluate condition index (CI) monthly from February 2015 to January of 2016. We established sampling stations at three points with fish farming and three points without fish farming (controls) in the Canoas II Reservoir, Paranapanema River, Brazil. We used principal component analysis (PCA) to identify spatial and temporal distribution of samples according to limnological variables. We performed a linear mixed model analysis to test the hypothesis of no difference between areas (fish farm and control) and time (months) for larval density and CI of L. fortunei.

The first PCA axis (28.48% of variance) revealed a temporal gradient, showing the separation between cold and hot months. The second PCA axis (19.61% of variance) separated the samples of control and fish farms; fish farms displayed higher concentrations of total phosphorus, nitrite, and chlorophyll a. Larval densities of L. fortunei were higher in fish cage areas with time being responsible for 35% of this variation. Mussel CI was also higher in fish farms and time was responsible for 36% of the variation.

We conclude that fish production in cages contributes to the establishment of golden mussels in the reservoir. Our results serve as a warning that other molluscs or invasive species may be favoured by aquaculture activities in aquatic environments. The colonisation of the mussel in the reservoir varies during the year in response to seasonality.
The faster the better? Economic effects of the speed of inter‐city technology transfer in China
Authors: Duan Dezhong , Du Debin , Grimes Seamus 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAlthough existing studies questioned the simple positive correlation between the technology transfer speed and the benefits, they have been widely condemned for lacking empirical evidence. Using the patent transfer data at the city scale in China, and distinguishing fast from slow by dividing technology transfer speed into four levels, this paper attempts to answer the question in terms of city economic growth, which is whether the faster is the better. Panel regression results show that for economic growth of city, the speed of technology transfer does not mean that faster is better. In other words, technology transfer maintaining a relatively rapid speed (more than 1 year and less than 2 years) can promote city economic growth, although the evidence is weak.