bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decanal as a major component of larval aggregation pheromone of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella
Authors: Kwadha Charles A. , Mutunga Jacqueline M. , Irungu Janet , Ongamo George , Ndegwa Paul , Raina Suresh , Fombong Ayuka T. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractLarvae of the greater wax moth (GWM), Galleria mellonella, a destructive pest of the honeybee (Apis mellifera), have been observed to display aggregation behaviours. However, the underlying mechanism by which these larvae come together remains unknown. We hypothesized that the GWM larvae detect, orient towards and utilize conspecific larval chemical cues to aggregate in groups. We used dual‐choice olfactometer assays to investigate the involvement of conspecific larval odours in their aggregation amongst 3–5th instar and 8th instar larvae. The assays revealed that only 8th instar larvae were significantly attracted to their odours and those emanating from newly spun cocoons. Coupled gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) of larval head space odours analysis revealed the presence of four compounds: nonanal, decanal, tridecane and tetradecane in pupal and mature larval odour extracts. However, using synthetic compounds, behavioural assays showed that only decanal induced significant attraction, therefore, suggesting its role as a major component of the larval aggregation pheromone of GWM. Our findings reveal the involvement of volatile organic compounds in the aggregation behaviour of mature wax moth larvae and thereby offer prospects for the development of an odour‐baited in‐hive trapping management tool for wax moth larva.
Improvement of a diagnostic procedure in surveillance of the listed fish diseases IHN and VHS
Authors: Hoferer Marc , Akimkin Valerij , Skrypski Julia , Schütze Heike , Sting Reinhard 
Published: February 2019

AbstractInfectious haematopoietic necrosis (IHN) and viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS) are OIE‐listed and notifiable viral fish diseases which are controlled by eradication and surveillance programmes globally. The present study provides improved RT‐qPCR procedures based on recently described OIE protocols. Improvements comprise the design of a new TaqMan® probe, replacing a TaqMan® MGB probe that turned out to show impaired binding. Reason for this is SNPs detected in the nucleoprotein N gene sequences of IHNV strains targeted by the RT‐qPCR. Furthermore, the IHNV and VHSV RT‐qPCR assays were realized as one‐step and one‐run procedures supplemented by an endogenous control system. The IHNV and VHSV RT‐qPCR assays are characterized by a technical sensitivity of 19 and 190 gene equivalents (cRNA) and an analytical sensitivity of 2–7 and 13 TCID50/ml, respectively. For verification purposes, 105 IHNV and 165 VHSV isolates and several non‐targeted viral and bacterial pathogens were included and returned adequate results. However, in field samples divergent results left 14 samples of 154 undetected for IHNV and one sample of 127 for VHSV using cell culture. The study shows that RT‐qPCR assays ensure facilitated and reliable testing on IHNV and VHSV in eradication and surveillance programmes.
Modeling, simulation, and analysis of a soybean meal desolventizing equipment
Authors: Cauneto Heitor , Zanin Gisella M. , Andrade Cid Marcos Gonçalves , Moraes Flávio F. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis study presents a mathematical modeling for the simulation of the desolventizing process occurring in a Desolventizer‐Toaster (DT) equipment. This equipment is used for the separation and recovery of hexane from soybean meal exiting the extractor. The model allows testing and determining the most adequate operational process conditions. It also allows establishing relations among these conditions and the DT output variables. The DT has been modeled as a column of several stages, satisfying the mass and energy balances and the vapor–liquid equilibrium relation at each stage. The mathematical model, implemented with the Matlab™ software and validated with actual plant data, gives satisfactory results. Therefore, the model proposed can be used with confidence by industry for improvements of the DT operational conditions.Practical applicationsThe developed model can be used to optimize the desolventization process, with respect to the recovery of Hexane and the use of energy.
The Merits of Eudaimonism
Authors: Hare John E. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper starts with Immanuel Kant’s definition of “eudaimonism” (a term he created) as a single‐source account of motivation, and explains why he thinks the eudaimonist is unacceptably self‐regarding. In order to modify and improve Kant’s account, the paper then revisits the Christian scholastics. Scotus is distinguished from Aquinas on the grounds that Scotus has a more robust conception of the will that encompasses the ranking of the affection for advantage (for the agent’s happiness and perfection) and the affection for justice (for what is good in itself, independent of this relation to the agent). This is a double‐source account of motivation. With these conceptual resources in hand, the paper goes on to examine Jean Porter’s defense of eudaimonism, urging that she begs the question against the Scotist view. Finally, the paper makes a conciliating suggestion that preserves most, but not all, of what the eudaimonist wants.
Putting Religion Back Into Religious Ethics
Authors: Gregory Eric 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis essay on Richard Miller’s Friends and Other Strangers (2016) locates its arguments in the context of how the practice of religious ethics bears upon debates about normativity in the study of religion and the cultural turn in the humanities. After reviewing its main claims about identity and otherness, I focus on three areas. First, while commending Miller’s effort to analogize virtuous empathy with Augustine’s ethics of rightly ordered love, I raise questions about his use of Augustine and his distinctive formulation of Augustinian “iconic realism.” Second, I suggest his discussion of public reason is at odds with the dialogical spirit of the book and may distract from the democratic solidarity required by our political moment. Third, more briefly, I highlight the practical implications of Miller’s vision for higher education at both the graduate and undergraduate level.
Eudaimonism and Christian Ethics
Authors: Porter Jean 
Published: February 2019

AbstractContrary to common assumptions, appeals to rewards and punishments play a central role in Scripture. We find these appeals in both the Old and New Testaments, and in every major biblical genre. Moreover, these appeals almost always presuppose that the one addressed by a promise, threat, or inducement will respond out of some self‐referential desire to enjoy something good or to avoid an evil. Similarly, they take for granted that such desires provide legitimate motives for obedience or fidelity. In short, appeals to rewards and punishments, with their implied endorsement of a kind of self‐referential desire, play a central part in scriptural depictions of the divine‐human relationship. They strongly suggest that men and women naturally and properly expect good things from their Creator, and fear the consequences of divine displeasure. These observations do not necessarily commit us to some version of eudaimonism. Nonetheless, eudaimonism, considered broadly as a positive normative perspective on happiness, will always be relevant to Christian ethics, insofar as it offers starting points and theoretical tools for addressing unavoidable theological questions.
Management and outcomes of patients presenting to the emergency department with croup: Can we identify which patients can safely be discharged from the emergency department?
Authors: Elder Anna E , Rao Arjun 
Published: February 2019

AimCroup is a major cause of emergency department (ED) presentations, but there remains a paucity of evidence to guide clinical decision‐making around which patients require admission. We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics, management and outcomes of patients presenting to the ED with croup and to identify characteristics associated with a need for further intervention.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of all patients presenting to the ED of a tertiary paediatric hospital with croup between 2011 and 2016. Patients were included if they received two doses of nebulised adrenaline in the ED and were aged between 6 months and 6 years. Baseline characteristics, vital signs 2 h post‐second dose of nebulised adrenaline, management and outcomes were recorded.ResultsA total of 5045 patients presented to ED with croup during the study period, 112 of whom received two doses of nebulised adrenaline within the ED. Of these patients, half were discharged home and half admitted to hospital. None of the discharged patients went on to require further intervention, and 19% of admitted patients received further interventions. Age and history of a chronic medical condition were associated with a need for further intervention. Of the vital signs, abnormal heart rate, fever and stridor were associated with a need for further intervention.ConclusionsOnly 19% of patients admitted following two doses of nebulised adrenaline in the ED required further interventions. Older patients without a chronic medical condition who have a normal heart rate, temperature and no stridor may be suitable for outpatient management.
Nitrogen uptake and biomass resprouting show contrasting relationships with resource acquisitive and conservative plant traits
Authors: Ficken Cari D. , Wright Justin P. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractQuestionsDisturbances can cause fluctuations in resource availability that influence plant performance. In systems with such dynamics, inter‐specific differences in resource capture may promote co‐existence by partitioning competition between periods of high or low resource availability. Such differences in resource use strategy have been described with the Plant Economics Spectrum, which hypothesizes that functions related to resource use and processing should co‐vary and can be predicted from plant traits. In pyrogenic systems, fires are associated with short‐term increases in soil nitrogen availability (“pulses”), and thus contribute to a fluctuating resource supply. In this study, we sought to understand whether plants differed in their capacity to capture a nitrogen pulse, and to what extent that ability influenced biomass recovery.MethodsIn two consecutive greenhouse experiments, we tested whether two functions — nitrogen assimilation (Experiment 1) and biomass regrowth after disturbance (Experiment 2) — co‐varied, and how each function corresponded to leaf and root functional traits.ResultsIn Experiment 1, four co‐occurring shrubs differed in their temporal patterns of nitrogen uptake, and nitrogen uptake was positively correlated with resource‐acquisitive leaf traits (leaf percent nitrogen). In Experiment 2, the biomass regrowth of a resource acquisitive and a resource conservative species was the same regardless of competitive environment (i.e., when grown in pots of mixed‐species or same‐species pairs). Rather than being associated with the capture of new nitrogen, biomass resprouting of both species was associated with the size of below‐ground resource stores and specific root length.ConclusionsOur work suggests that resource acquisition and processing may be decoupled from each other after disturbance, and also highlights the need for explicit tests of the relationships between root traits and above‐ground plant function.
Growth‐driven displacement of protein aggregates along the cell length ensures partitioning to both daughter cells in Caulobacter crescentus
Authors: Schramm Frederic D. , Schroeder Kristen , Alvelid Jonatan , Testa Ilaria , Jonas Kristina 
Published: February 2019

SummaryAll living cells must cope with protein aggregation, which occurs as a result of experiencing stress. In previously studied bacteria, aggregated protein is collected at the cell poles and is retained throughout consecutive cell divisions only in old pole‐inheriting daughter cells, resulting in aggregation‐free progeny within a few generations. In this study, we describe the in vivo kinetics of aggregate formation and elimination following heat and antibiotic stress in the asymmetrically dividing bacterium Caulobacter crescentus. Unexpectedly, in this bacterium, protein aggregates form as multiple distributed foci located throughout the cell volume. Time‐lapse microscopy revealed that under moderate stress, the majority of these protein aggregates are short‐lived and rapidly dissolved by the major chaperone DnaK and the disaggregase ClpB. Severe stress or genetic perturbation of the protein quality control machinery induces the formation of long‐lived aggregates. Importantly, the majority of persistent aggregates neither collect at the cell poles nor are they partitioned to only one daughter cell type. Instead, we show that aggregates are distributed to both daughter cells in the same ratio at each division, which is driven by the continuous elongation of the growing mother cell. Therefore, our study has revealed a new pattern of protein aggregate inheritance in bacteria.
Insomnia and its associated factors in incarcerated adults: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Li Mu‐Rung , Lai Hui‐Ling 
Published: February 2019

AbstractNo evidence exists in the literature concerning the prevalence of insomnia and its associated risk factors among prison inmates in Taiwan. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with insomnia among inmates in a large prison in Taiwan. A cross‐sectional anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted at a prison. The participants were 1490 male inmates. Participants completed the self‐reported Insomnia Severity Index–Chinese version questionnaire, and the sociodemographic and psychological distress questionnaires for the study. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze and compare the differences between inmates with and without insomnia. The prevalence of insomnia was 26.9%. The study determined that anxiety, self‐rated health status, and religious beliefs were independent predictors of insomnia in male inmates. Given the adverse effect of insomnia and its social consequences, it is crucial to develop prevention programs to mitigate insomnia in inmates.
Validity of a disposable catheter to drain urine overnight in neurogenic bladder
Authors: Furukawa Hiromi , Ishikawa Ken , Tsuchiya Shigekuni , Nishimi Saeko , Sasaki Makoto , Onodera Chinatsu , Takada Akira , Oyama Kotaro , Chida Shoichi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundOvernight catheter drainage (OCD) is introduced to avoid overdistention of the bladder at night‐time when clean intermittent catheterization proves ineffective for daytime management of neurogenic bladder. We adopted OCD using disposable silicone no‐balloon (DSnB) catheters, with the distal end outside the body opening into diapers. OCD using DSnB catheter, however, had risks of retrograde bacterial contamination. Therefore, in this study, the validity of equipping DSnB catheters with check valves to prevent retrograde bacterial contamination was examined.MethodsFor the in vitro study, excised saline‐filled swine bladders were drained using DSnB catheters with or without check valves, and the time required for intravesical pressure to reach 5 cmH2O was measured. For the in vivo study, in cross‐over experiments comparing DSnB catheters with and without check valves, OCD using DSnB catheters for 10 h was performed in rabbits under analgesia. Bacterial growth from urine samples before and after OCD and residual urine volume were examined.ResultsFor the in vitro experiment, the median drainage time was 368.2 s (range, 88–1,085 s) and 344.7 s (range, 28–840 s) with and without check valves, respectively (n = 6), which was not significantly different. For the in vivo experiment, in cross‐over experiments (n = 8) new bacterial growth rates after OCD did not differ, and median residual urine volume was 17.1 mL (range, 0–75 mL) and 1.2 mL (range, 0–5 mL) with and without check valves, respectively (P = 0.055).ConclusionsInstalling a check valve in the DSnB catheter did not decrease new bacterial growth, while tending to increase residual urine volume. DSnB catheters without check valves appear to be better for continuous drainage of urine from bladder.
Sequential transplantation and implications for clinical management: OLT followed by HCT and consequent RT in a pediatric patient
Authors: Hoogenboom Lindsay , Margolis David , Anderson Lynnette , Phelan Rachel 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe report a case of a pediatric patient who required three separate transplants: OLT at the age 5, HCT at age 13 (8 years post‐OLT), and cadaveric RT at age 15 (10 years post‐OLT). The child initially presented with fulminant liver failure without known cause, ultimately undergoing OLT from his mother. He then developed SAA, for which he required HCT. Unfortunately, he developed ESRD secondary to prolonged CNI exposure, for which he underwent cadaveric RT. These processes then resulted in 7 years largely free from complications, during which a multi‐disciplinary team monitored the patient for complications. Regrettably, at the age of 21 he developed poorly differentiated mucinous adenocarcinoma of the colon which ultimately led to his demise. While there are case reports of patients requiring two sequential transplants, there is a paucity of reports of successfully completing three separate organ transplants in the same patient. Our case demonstrates progression of a pediatric patient through OLT, HCT, and RT with discussion of notable clinical implications. Secondarily, this case highlights the importance of coordination of care amongst various subspecialties to facilitate tandem transplantations and manage the complications of these processes. As pediatric patients have improved survival rates and may require multiple transplants, it remains important to highlight the feasibility as well as the complications of the tandem transplant process.
Environmental thermal levels affect the phenological relationships between the chestnut gall wasp and its parasitoids
Authors: Bonsignore Carmelo P. , Vono Gregorio , Bernardo Umberto 
Published: February 2019

AbstractStudies of thermal level‐related asynchrony in a host–parasitoid relationship are necessary to understand the effects of climate change on new host–parasitoid interactions. In the Asian chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) and its Chalcidoidea parasitoids, phenological synchrony is assumed to be weather‐dependent in a new area of expansion. To evaluate the effects of environmental thermal regimes on the host, a phenology model for different cynipid stages (larvae, pupae, adults, and adult emergence) and a host–parasitoid phenological estimator are developed in three chestnut fields during two successive growth seasons and subsequently validated in areas with chestnut fields at two different altitudes. Comparisons of the timings of the juvenile and adult stages with those of the parasitoid complex demonstrate that the shortest period of occurrence for cynipids within galls has negative effects on the host–parasitoid relationships at higher temperature levels, thereby increasing phenological asynchrony for some parasitoids species. Reducing the development time of pupae and adults decreases the likelihood of success for some parasitoid species at higher temperature levels. We also record the extension of the gall wasp development time (approximately 15 days) at higher altitudes (linked to a lower mean temperature of approximately 1.5 °C). These results highlight how parasitization on the new hosts is dependent on the host phenology and, in the present study, is limited by the short duration of the presence of the host in galls, which could explain the considerable differences in cynipid gall wasp parasitization recorded at different altimeters.
Constraining sediment provenance for tsunami deposits using distributions of grain size and foraminifera from the Kujukuri coastline and shelf, Japan
Authors: Pilarczyk Jessica E. , Sawai Yuki , Matsumoto Dan , Namegaya Yuichi , Nishida Naohisa , Ikehara Ken , Fujiwara Osamu , Gouramanis Chris , Dura Tina , Horton Benjamin P. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTsunami deposits preserved in the geological record provide a more comprehensive understanding of their patterns of frequency and intensity over longer timescales; but recognizing tsunami deposits can prove challenging due to post‐depositional changes, lack of contrast between the deposits and surrounding sedimentary layers, and differentiating between tsunami and storm deposition. Modern baseline studies address these challenges by providing insight into modern spatial distributions that can be compared with palaeotsunami deposits. This study documents the spatial fingerprint of grain size and foraminifera from Hasunuma Beach and the Kujukuri shelf to provide a basis from which tsunami deposits can be interpreted. At Hasunuma Beach, approximately 50 km east of Tokyo, the spatial distribution of three common proxies (foraminiferal taxonomy, foraminiferal taphonomy and sediment grain size) for tsunami identification were mapped and clustered using Partitioning Around Medoids cluster analysis. Partitioning Around Medoids cluster analysis objectively discriminated two coastal zones corresponding to onshore and offshore sample locations. Results show that onshore samples are characterized by coarser grain sizes (medium to coarse sand) and higher abundances of Pararotalia nipponica (27 to 63%) than offshore samples, which are characterized by finer grain sizes (fine to medium sand), lower abundances of Pararotalia nipponica (2 to 19%) and Ammonia parkinsoniana (0 to 10%), higher abundances of planktonics (15 to 58%) and species with fragile tests including Uvigerinella glabra. When compared to grain‐size and foraminiferal taxonomy, foraminiferal taphonomy; i.e. surface condition of foraminifera, a proxy not commonly used to identify tsunami deposits, was most effective in discriminating modern coastal zones (identified supratidal, intertidal and offshore environments) and determining sediment provenance for tsunami deposits at Kujukuri. This modern baseline study assists the interpretation of tsunami deposits in the geological record because it provides a basis for sediment provenance to be determined.