bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) Modeling of Effect of Naringenin and Its Surface Modified Nanocarriers on Associated and Core Behaviors of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)
Authors: Bhandari Ranjana , Paliwal Jyoti K. , Kuhad Anurag 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) model was developed to describe the relationship between plasma/brain concentration of naringenin and its nanocarriers with behavioral and biochemical alterations in a rat model of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Behavioral parameters like sensorimotor dysfunction, hyperlocomotion, anxiety-like behavior, social interaction, and repetitive behavior were investigated by rotarod, actophotometer, open-field, reciprocal social interaction, and repetitive self-grooming test respectively. Naringenin was administered in doses (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) and in the form of its uncoated and glutathione as well as tween 80–coated PLGA nanocarriers (25 mg/kg) thrice daily (8 hourly). Sigmoid Emax model was applied to study the relationship between the concentration of naringenin in plasma/brain and behavioral effects (in terms of sensorimotor dysfunction, locomotor activity, anxiety-like behavior, social interaction ability, repetitive behavior) as well as biochemical changes (plasma levels of TNF-α, MMP-9, and HSP-70, and Pgp at BBB). Model parameters such as Eo, Emax, and EC50 indicate that maximum effect occurred after administration of GSH-coated naringenin nanoparticles and the minimum effect occurred with the 25 mg/kg dose of unencapsulated naringenin. The R2 value of 0.99 and small Akaike information criterion indicate the goodness of fit of the model. The PK-PD modeling done by sigmoid Emax model showed a positive correlation between plasma/brain drug concentration and neuroinflammatory markers as well as behaviors consistent with the ASD phenotype.
Pathogenesis and Classification of Chiari Malformation Type I Based on the Mechanism of Ptosis of the Brain Stem and Cerebellum: A Morphometric Study of the Posterior Cranial Fossa and Craniovertebral Junction
Authors: Nishikawa Misao , Bolognese Paolo A. , Kula Roger W. , Ikuno Hiromichi , Ohata Kenji 
Published: October 2019

Introduction We investigated the mechanism of ptosis of the brain stem and cerebellum (hindbrain) in Chiari malformation type I (CM-I) and classified CM-I according to pathogenesis, based on a morphometric study of the posterior cranial fossa (PCF) and craniovertebral junction (CVJ). We discuss the appropriate surgical treatment for hindbrain ptosis.
Materials and Methods We examined 500 patients with CM-I and 100 healthy control individuals. We calculated the volume of the PCF (VPCF) and measured the axial length of the enchondral parts of the occipital bone and hindbrain. As statistical analyses, for the multiple analyses, heavy palindromic tests were used. Using three independent objective parameters, we tried to classify CM-I.
Results Three independent subtypes were confirmed (CM-I types A, B, and C). CM-I type A (167 cases): normal VPCF, normal volume of the area surrounding the foramen magnum (VSFM), and normal occipital bone size; CM-I type B (178 cases): normal VPCF, small VSFM, and small occipital bone size; and CM-I type C (155 cases): small VPCF, small VSFM, and small occipital bone size.
Conclusions Morphometric analyses of PCF and CVJ were very useful for the investigation of the mechanism of hindbrain ptosis and classifying CM-I according to pathogenesis. CM-I type A included mechanisms other than hindbrain ptosis, for example, CVJ instability, tethered cord, and increased intracranial pressure. CM-I types B and C demonstrated underdevelopment of the occipital bone. For CM-I types B and C, posterior decompression should be performed. For CM-I type A, appropriate surgical management should be selected.
Eosinofilias Pulmonares: Hallazgos que un radiólogo debe conocer
Authors: Couture Juliana , Adri Daniel , Villegas Juan Manuel , Posadas Natalia , Seehaus Alberto 
Published: October 2019

ResumenLas eosinofilias pulmonares incluyen un amplio espectro de desórdenes. Su diagnóstico definitivo se realiza con la anatomía patológica. No obstante, a través de los antecedentes clínicos, el examen físico y —cada vez de forma más precisa— las imágenes, podemos llegar a una mejor definición de la patología. Hoy en día, la tomografía computada multidetector (TCMD) de alta resolución es el método por imágenes de mayor sensibilidad y especificidad, ya que permite una valoración de la patología pulmonar difusa cada vez más acertada, evitando así métodos más invasivos, aportando detallada información y manifestando lesiones que carecen de una expresión clínica específica por medio de patrones radiológicos característicos.
Microscopic and Chemical Assessments of the Filling Ability in Oval-Shaped Root Canals Using Two Different Carrier-Based Filling Techniques
Authors: Mancino Davide , Kharouf Naji , Hemmerlé Joseph , Haïkel Youssef 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the filling ability in oval-shaped canals using two different carrier-based filling techniques.
Materials and Methods Twenty-four human mandibular premolars with one oval canal were selected. Canals were shaped using WaveOne Gold Primary and ProGlider. Samples were divided into two groups and filled as follows: Thermafil and GuttaCore. The proportions of gutta-percha-filled areas (GPFAs), sealer-filled areas (SFAs), and void areas (VA), at 2 and 5 mm, were analyzed using optical numeric microscope, scanning electron microscope, and energy-dispersive X-ray.
Statistical Analysis Data were compared by Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis of variance on ranks, with statistical significance set at α = 0.05.
Results At 2 and 5 mm distances from the apex, this study discloses no statistically different filling ability for the two techniques. Concerning each sample treated using both filling systems, the presence of tags was visualized. At working length (WL)-5, and WL-2, the maximum tag penetration depth for the GuttaCore group into the dentinal tubules was, respectively, 96 μm and 48 μm, whereas the values in the thermafil group were 109 μm, and 55 μm, respectively.
Conclusions Our results clearly show that Thermafil and GuttaCore can fill oval-shaped canals in appropriate way. Furthermore, we can state that the GuttaCore obturator allows to preserve the same filling ability than Thermafil obturator, in view of the fact that there was no difference, in terms of GPFA, SFA, and VA between the two different carrier-based obturation techniques.
Transforaminal Intrathecal Access for Injection of Nusinersen in Adult and Pediatric Patients with Spinal Muscular Atrophy
Authors: Shokuhfar Tahaamin , Abdalla Ramez N. , Hurley Michael C. , Nazari Pouya , Ansari Sameer A. , Ajroud-Driss Senda , Kuntz Nancy , Azmi Subhan , Rao Vamshi , Shaibani Ali 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe main purpose of this article is to assess the safety and efficacy of transforaminal lumbar puncture for the injection of nusinersen (Spinraza) in patients with extensive spinal fusion and/or scoliosis.A retrospective chart reviews of all spinal muscular atrophy patients (adults and children) were conducted. Demographic data, procedure details, follow-ups, and related complications were recorded.We performed 85 transforaminal injections in nine pediatric patients (5 male and 4 female) aged between 8 and 17 years (mean = 11 years) and seven adult patients (5 females and 2 males) aged between 24 and 41 years (mean= 30 years). Fluoroscopy guidance was used in 87% of our patients. No major complication was reported.Fluoroscopy-guided transforaminal nusinersen injection is a safe and successful alternative approach in adult and pediatric patients with severe spinal scoliosis, interlaminar osseous fusion, and spinal fusion hardware.
Ossified Spinal Meningioma: A Case Report and a Review of the Literature
Authors: Taha Mahmoud M. , Alawamry Ahmed , Abdel-Aziz Hesham R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOssified spinal meningiomas are a rare form of spinal tumors. These tumors increase surgical morbidities due to their hard consistency and strong adhesion to the neural tissue and relatively narrow surgical space. Here, the authors describe the clinical findings, surgical strategies, and histological findings of a patient with an ossified meningioma. Preoperative diagnosis of these tumors can prevent surgical morbidities. Total resection can be curative with the application of meticulous microsurgical techniques.
Changes in Leadership: A 20-Year Study of Trends in Tenure of Chairs of Departments of Ophthalmology
Authors: Kung George P. , Cruz Oscar A. , Israel Heidi 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Objective This article assesses recent trends in tenure length for chairs of academic departments of ophthalmology.
Materials and Methods This is a cross-sectional study of current chairs from 136 institutions. Questionnaires emailed to ophthalmology chairs assessed duration of tenure and demographics of current and previous chairs. Based off of this data, trends in tenure length, turnover rates, and retention rates were determined.
Results From 1998 to 2018, 255 individuals held the position of chair at 95 academic departments of ophthalmology. Mean tenure length was 17.8 years for chairs whose tenure included 2005, and decreased to 15.2 and 10.4 years for chairs whose tenures included 2010 and 2015, respectively. Mean annual turnover began at 5.3% in the first 5 years of the study, increasing to 6.5% in the following 5 years before returning to a baseline of 5.3% in the past 5 years. An average turnover of 5.2% was demonstrated during the entire study period. Five-year retention rates for new chairs averaged at 86.2%. Representation of female chairs rose from values of 2.1 and 3.1% in the beginning of the period to 7.3 and 8.4% in 2015 and 2016, respectively.
Conclusions The average turnover rate for chairs of ophthalmology has remained stable over the past 20 years, with an observed slight decrease in mean tenure length. This stability is welcomed in the wake of predicted turnover within the field of ophthalmology, but continued assessment and preventative policies should be maintained to continue current trends.
Use of an Implant O-Ring Attachment for the Tooth Supported Mandibular Overdenture: A Clinical Report
Authors: Guttal Satyabodh S , Tavargeri Anand K , Nadiger Ramesh K , Thakur Srinath L 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTRetention of a mandibular denture can be achieved by an implant-retained or natural toothretained bar and stud attachment in the anterior segment of the mandible. The same design principles holds true for both implant-retained and tooth-retained methods of anchoring the bar and stud attachment. A simple and cost effective treatment for more complex implant overdenture is the concept of conventional tooth-retained overdentures. When few firm teeth still remain in a compromised dentition, preservation of these teeth for overdentures can improve retention and stability. The authors present a clinical report of a patient treated with a mandibular tooth-borne overdenture with bar and O-ring attachment. A splinted bar supported the prosthesis and an O-ring retained the denture. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:331-336)
Rhabdomyosarcoma of the Oral Cavity: A Case Report
Authors: Miloglu Ozkan , Altas Sare Sipal , Buyukkurt Mustafa Cemil , Erdemci Burak , Altun Oguzhan 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTRhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), a tumor of skeletal muscle origin, is the most common soft tissue sarcoma encountered in childhood and adolescence. The common sites of occurrence are the head and neck region, genitourinary tract, retroperitonium, and, to a lesser extent, the extremities. In the head and neck region, the most commonly affected sites are the orbit, paranasal sinuses, soft tissues of the cheek, and the neck. RMS is relatively uncommon in the oral cavity, and the involvement of the jaws is extremely rare. Here, we report a case of oral RMS in a 13-year-old child and describe the clinical, radiological, histopathological, and immunohistochemical findings. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:340-343)
Fracture Resistance of Retreated Roots Using Different Retreatment Systems
Authors: Er Kursat , Tasdemir Tamer , Siso Seyda Herguner , Celik Davut , Cora Sabri 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTObjectives: This study was designed to evaluate the fracture resistance of retreated roots using different rotary retreatment systems. Methods: Forty eight freshly extracted human canine teeth with single straight root canals were instrumented sequentially increasing from size 30 to a size 55 using K-files whit a stepback technique. The teeth were randomly divided into three experimental and one control groups of 12 specimens each. The root canals were filled using cold lateral compaction of gutta-percha and AH Plus (Dentsply Detrey, Konstanz, Germany) sealer in experimental groups. Removal of gutta-percha was performed with the following devices and techniques: ProTaper Universal (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), R-Endo (Micro-Mega, Besançon, France), and Mtwo (Sweden & Martina, Padova, Italy) rotary retreatment systems. Control group specimens were only instrumented, not filled or retreated. The specimens were then mounted in copper rings, were filled with a self-curing polymethylmethacrylate resin, and the force required to cause vertical root fracture was measured using a universal testing device. The force of fracture of the roots was recorded and the results in the various groups were compared. Statistical analysis was accomplished by one-way ANOVA and a post hoc Tukey tests. Results: There were statistically significant differences between the control and experimental groups (P<.05). However, there were no significant differences among the experimental groups. Conclusions: Based on the results, all rotary retreatment techniques used in this in vitro study produced similar root weakness. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:387-392)
Bonding All-Ceramic Restorations with Two Resins Cement Techniques: A Clinical Report of Three-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Anchieta Rodolfo Bruniera , Rocha Eduardo Passos , Almeida Erika Oliveira de , Freitas Junior Amilcar Chagas , Martini Ana Paula 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTCeramics have been widely used for esthetic and functional improvements. The resin cement is the material of choice for bonding ceramics to dental substrate and it can also dictate the final esthetic appearance and strength of the restoration. The correct use of the wide spectrum of resin luting agents available depends on the dental tooth substrate. This article presents three-year clinical results of a 41 years old female patient B.H.C complaining about her unattractive smile. Two all-ceramic crowns and two laminates veneers were placed in the maxillary incisors and cemented with a self-adhesive resin luting cement and conventional resin luting cement, respectively. After a three-year follow-up, the restorations and cement/teeth interface were clinically perfect with no chipping, fractures or discoloration. Proper use of different resin luting cements shows clinical appropriate behavior after a three-year follow-up. Self-adhesive resin luting cement may be used for cementing all-ceramic crowns with high predictability of success, mainly if there is a large dentin surface available for bonding and no enamel at the finish line. Otherwise, conventional resin luting agent should be used for achieving an adequate bonding strength to enamel. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:478-485)
Optimal acidulated phosphate fluoride gel etching time for surface treatment of feldspathic porcelain: on shear bond strength to resin composite
Authors: Kukiattrakoon Boonlert , Thammasitboon Kewalin 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTObjectives: This in vitro study evaluated the shear bond strength (SBS) of resin composite to feldspathic porcelain after acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel treatment over different periods of timeMethods: One hundred and fifty-six feldspathic specimens were divided into 12 groups. Group C received no treatment (control group). Groups APF1 through APF10, ten experimental groups, were treated with 1.23% APF gel. Each group obtained 1 to 10 minutes of etching time in 1 minute increments, respectively. Group HF2 was treated with 9.6% hydrofluoric acid (HF) for 2 minutes. All specimens were then bonded to a resin composite cylinder using Adper Scotchbond Multi-purpose (3M ESPE) after silane (Monobond-S, Ivoclar Vivadent AG) application. Specimens were stored at 37ºC for 24 hours before the SBS was performed and were recorded in MPa at fracture. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α=.05)Results: HF etching yielded the highest SBS (18.0 ± 1.5 MPa), which was not significantly different from APF gel etching for 6 to 10 minutes (16.0 ± 2.1 to 17.2 ± 1.6 MPa) (P>.05)Conclusions: APF gel etching for 6 minutes might be used as an alternative etchant to HF acid for bonding resin composite to silanized feldspathic porcelain. (Eur J Dent 2012;6:63-69)
Effect of cavity preparation techniques and different preheating procedures on microleakage of class V resin restorations
Authors: Karaarslan Emine Sirin , Usumez Aslihan , Ozturk Bora , Cebe Mehmet Ata 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTObjectives: This study aimed to evaluate the extent of microleakage of a single type of composite resin (Clearfil Majesty Posterior, Kuraray, Osaka, Japan) following different preheating procedures in Class V cavities prepared with a diamond bur or Er:YAG (erbium: yttrium aluminum garnet) laserMethods: The study randomly divided 72 permanent molar teeth divided into eight groups (n = 9): G1: Diamond bur–unheated composite resin (room temperature-24 ºC); G2: Diamond bur–composite preheated to 37 ºC; G3: Diamond bur–composite preheated to 54 ºC; G4: Diamond bur–composite preheated to 68 ºC; G5: Er:YAG laser–unheated composite resin (room temperature-24 ºC); G6: Er:YAG laser–composite preheated to 37 ºC; G7: Er:YAG laser–composite preheated to 54 ºC; and G8: Er:YAG laser–composite preheated to 68 ºC. The specimens were subjected to a thermal cycling regimen of 5000 cycles between 5 and 55 ºC; then they were immersed in a solution of 0.5% basic fuchsin dye for 24 hours. The dyed specimens were sectioned in the buccolingual direction and dye penetration was scored in a blinded manner using a five-point qualitative scale. Microleakage scores were analyzed with the Kruskall-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, and Wilcoxon testsResults: There were no statistically significant differences between the microleakages of composite applied to cavities prepared by either the Er:YAG laser or diamond bur (P>05). Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between the enamel and dentin in all restorations (P<.001). However, there were no significant differences among the preheated groups (P>05)Conclusions: For all groups, microleakage values were higher at gingival margins than at occlusal margins. The use of the Er:YAG laser at different preheating procedures did not influence the marginal sealing in Class V composite resin restorations. (Eur J Dent 2012;6:87-94)
Evaluation of marginal fit of two allceramic copings with two finish lines
Authors: Subasi Gulce , Ozturk Nilgun , Ozgur Inan , Bozogullari Nalan 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTObjectives: This in-vitro study investigated the marginal fit of two all-ceramic copings with 2 finish line designsMethods: Forty machined stainless steel molar die models with two different margin designs (chamfer and rounded shoulder) were prepared. A total of 40 standardized copings were fabricated and divided into 4 groups (n=10 for each finish line-coping material). Coping materials tested were IPS e.max Press and Zirkonzahn; luting agent was Variolink II. Marginal fit was evaluated after cementation with a stereomicroscope (Leica MZ16). Two-way analysis of variance and Tukey-HSD test were performed to assess the influence of each finish line design and ceramic type on the marginal fit of 2 all-ceramic copings (α =.05) Results: Two-way analysis of variance revealed no statistically significant differences for marginal fit relative to finish lines (P=.362) and ceramic types (P=.065)Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, both types of all-ceramic copings demonstrated that the mean marginal fit was considered acceptable for clinical application (≤120 μm). (Eur J Dent 2012;6:163-168)
Gray Matter Age Prediction as a Biomarker for Risk of Dementia
Authors: Wang Johnny , Knol Maria J. , Tiulpin Aleksei , Dubost Florian , de Bruijne Marleen , Vernooij Meike W. , Adams Hieab H. H. , Ikram M. Arfan , Niessen Wiro J. , Roshchupkin Gennady V. 
Published: October 2019

SignificanceThe difference between brain age estimated from MRI and chronological age is thought to serve as an important biomarker reflecting pathological processes in the brain. Several recent studies showed the relation between accelerated brain aging and various disorders. However, until now, the utility of such an age difference for preclinical screening using longitudinal studies was absent. To fill this gap, we first built a deep learning model using brain MRI from a population-based study including 5,496 participants. And then, using follow-up information, we observed that this age difference was significantly associated with the risk of dementia. Therefore, our study shows that the difference between MRI-brain predicted and chronological age is potentially a biomarker for early dementia risk screening.
HMGB1–C1q complexes regulate macrophage function by switching between leukotriene and specialized proresolving mediator biosynthesis
Authors: Liu Tianye , Xiang Alec , Peng Travis , Doran Amanda C. , Tracey Kevin J. , Barnes Betsy J. , Tabas Ira , Son Myoungsun , Diamond Betty 
Published: October 2019

SignificanceMonocyte to macrophage differentiation is critical to inflammation and resolution of inflammation and can be regulated by high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and HMGB1 plus C1q, respectively. These are 2 evolutionarily old and highly conserved molecules. While HMGB1 causes a positive-feedback loop between the proinflammatory lipid mediator leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and IRF5, an important regulator of inflammatory macrophage polarization, HMGB1 plus C1q increases production of specialized proresolving lipid mediators (SPMs) lipoxin A4, resolvin D1, and resolvin D2, which prevent IRF5 transcription. As nonresolving inflammation is a common condition, we designed an HMGB1–C1q mimetic peptide that can polarize monocytes to an antiinflammatory phenotype in vitro and in vivo.
Measurements of the self-assembly kinetics of individual viral capsids around their RNA genome
Authors: Garmann Rees F. , Goldfain Aaron M. , Manoharan Vinothan N. 
Published: October 2019

Significance
Self-assembly is a process in which functional nanoscale structures build themselves, driven by Brownian motion and interactions between components. The term was originally coined to describe the formation of a viral capsid, the protein shell that protects the genome of a virus. Despite decades of study, how capsids self-assemble has remained a mystery, because there were no methods to measure the assembly kinetics of individual capsids. We surmount this obstacle using a sensitive microscopy technique based on laser interferometry. The measurements show that a small nucleus of proteins must form on the viral RNA before the capsid assembles. These results might help researchers design strategies to stop the assembly of pathogenic viruses or to build synthetic nanostructures.