bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parents' Executive Functioning and Involvement in Their Child's Education: An Integrated Literature Review
Authors: Wilson Damali M. , Gross Deborah 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDParents' involvement in their children's education is integral to academic success. Several education‐based organizations have identified recommendations for how parents can best support their children's learning. However, executive functioning (EF), a high‐ordered cognitive skill set, contributes to the extent to which parents can follow through with these recommendations.METHODThis integrative review of the literature describes how executive function can affect parents' ability to facilitate and actively participate in their child's education and provides strategies for all school staff to strengthen parent‐school partnerships when parents have limitations in EF.RESULTSEF skills are fluid and influenced by several factors, including parental age, sleep, stress, and mood/affect. Despite possible limitations in parental EF, there are strategies school personnel can employ to strengthen partnership with parents to support their children's academic success.CONCLUSIONSAs reforms in education call for increased customization and collaboration with families, parental EF is an important consideration for school personnel. Awareness and understanding of how parents' EF affects children's learning will help schools better support parents in supporting their children's academic success.
Association of oral health literacy with oral health behaviors, perception, knowledge, and dental treatment related outcomes: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Firmino Ramon Targino , Martins Carolina Castro , Faria Larissa dos Santos , Martins Paiva Saul , Granville‐Garcia Ana Flávia , Fraiz Fabian Calixto , Ferreira Fernanda Morais 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis regarding the association of oral health literacy (OHL) with oral health behaviors, perception, knowledge, and dental treatment related outcomes.MethodsEight electronic databases were searched up until June 2017. Studies regarding the aforementioned outcomes measuring OHL through a validated instrument and in which OHL was an explanatory variable were included. Two independent reviewers selected studies, extracted data, and analyzed the risk of bias of the studies. Meta‐analysis using random effect modeling was undertaken. Pooled estimates were calculated with 95 percent confidence interval (CI) and odds ratios (OR).ResultsTwenty‐five studies were included in the systematic review and three in the meta‐analysis. Most studies were cross‐sectional (n = 21) and had a high risk of bias (n = 17). The meta‐analysis showed no association between OHL and frequency of visit to the dentist for adults, either through bivariate analysis (OR = 1.25; 95 percent CI: 0.95‐1.63) or multivariate analysis (OR = 1.90; 95 percent CI: 0.77‐4.84). Dental anxiety and night bottle‐feeding were associated with low OHL (P < 0.05). Most studies regarding tooth brushing frequency found no association with OHL. Most studies regarding oral health knowledge related outcomes reported an association with higher OHL. The literature was inconclusive regarding the association between OHL and dental treatment outcomes, oral health behaviors, and oral health perception.ConclusionsThe current scientific evidence suggests that no association exists between OHL and any of the outcomes investigated. Further prospective studies with a higher methodological quality are necessary to confirm the evidence.
Evaluation of individual low‐dose dexamethasone suppression test patterns in naturally occurring hyperadrenocorticism in dogs
Authors: Bennaim Michael , Shiel Robert E. , Forde Christopher , Mooney Carmel T. 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundDogs with hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) may be more mildly affected at the time of diagnosis today, which could influence the prevalence of associated clinical and clinicopathological abnormalities and diagnostic test performance. Different low‐dose dexamethasone suppression test (LDDST) result patterns have not been evaluated individually.ObjectivesTo assess the current features of HAC and evaluate if the diagnostic test performance of individual LDDST result patterns differ.AnimalsOne hundred and twenty‐three dogs undergoing investigation for HAC.MethodsRetrospective evaluation of dogs in which a LDDST was performed and HAC confirmed or excluded by alternative means. Cases with basal cortisol concentrations (t0) < 1 μg/dL were excluded. Each LDDST result was classified as (a) complete suppression (t3andt8 < 1 μg/dL), (b) lack of suppression (t3andt8 > 1 μg/dL and both > 50%t0), (c) partial suppression (t3andt8 > 1 μg/dL but either < 50%t0), (d) escape (t8 > 1 μg/dL andt3 < 1 μg/dL) or (e) inverse (t3 > 1 μg/dL andt8 < 1 μg/dL) pattern.ResultsFifty‐nine (48%) dogs were diagnosed with HAC and 64 (52%) with non‐adrenal illness. Hyperadrenocorticism cases had similar clinicopathological abnormalities compared to previous reports. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) (95% confidence interval [CI]) of the LDDST for diagnosing HAC were 96.6 (91.9‐100)%, 67.2 (55.7‐78.7)%, 73.1 (63.2‐82.9)%, and 95.6 (89.5‐100)%, respectively. Lack of suppression pattern had the highest PPV (93.9 [85.8‐100]%) followed by the partial suppression pattern (67.9 [50.6–85.2]%) and escape or inverse pattern (36.8 [15.1–58.5]%).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceA lack of suppression LDDST pattern has the highest PPV for diagnosing HAC followed by a partial suppression pattern. By contrast, the escape or inverse pattern provided limited support of HAC.
Essential oils: effects of application rate and modality on potential for combating northern fowl mite infestations
Authors: Abdelfattah E. M. , Vezzoli G. , Buczkowski G. , Makagon M. M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe northern fowl mite (NFM), Ornithonyssus sylviarum (Mesostigmata: Macronyssidae), is the primary blood‐feeding ectoparasite found on poultry in the U.S.A. Three experiments were conducted in vitro to test the acaricidal properties of cade, garlic, lavender, lemongrass, pine and thyme essential oils against NFM, and to evaluate whether these effects are altered by adjusting oil application rates and application modality (direct vs. vapour contact). Applied at the rate of 0.21 mg/cm2, the essential oils of cade, thyme, lemongrass and garlic resulted in higher NFM mortality at 24 h post‐application than lavender and pine oils, and the untreated and ethanol‐treated controls. Cade and thyme were the most consistent and fast‐acting of the essential oils in terms of toxicity to NFM. Cade applied at 0.21 mg/cm2 and 0.11 mg/cm2 and thyme applied at 0.21 mg/cm2 were effective in eliminating NFM within 2 h through direct contact. The modality of application did not affect the efficacy of cade and thyme essential oils. The results suggest that essential oils may be utilized as alternatives to chemical pesticides and could be used as fumigants for the control of NFM.
Normal values for assessment of anal sphincter morphology, anorectal motion, and pelvic organ prolapse with MRI in healthy women
Authors: Tirumanisetty P. , Prichard D. , Fletcher J. G. , Chakraborty S. , Zinsmeister A. R. , Bharucha A. E. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundEndoanal MRI and MR defecography are used to identify anal sphincter injury and disordered defecation. However, few studies have evaluated findings in asymptomatic healthy people. The effects of BMI and parity on rectoanal motion and evacuation are unknown.MethodsIn 113 asymptomatic females (age 50 ± 17 years, Mean ± SD) without risk factors for anorectal trauma, anal sphincter appearance, anorectal motion, and pelvic organ prolapse were evaluated with MRI. The relationship between age, BMI, and parity and structural findings were evaluated with parametric and non‐parametric tests.ResultsThe anal sphincters and puborectalis appeared normal in over 90% of women. During dynamic MRI, the anorectal angle was 100 ± 1º (Mean ± SEM) at rest, 70 ± 2° at squeeze, and 120 ± 2° during defecation. The change in anorectal angle during squeeze (r = −.25, P < .005), but not during evacuation (r = .13, P = .25) was associated with age. In the multivariable models, BMI (P < .01) and parity (P < .01) were, respectively, independently associated with the intersubject variation in the anorectal angle at rest and the angle change during squeeze. Ten percent or fewer women had had descent of the bladder base or uterus 4 cm or more below the pubococcygeal line or a rectocele measuring 4 cm or larger. Only 5% had a patulous anal canal.ConclusionsIn addition to age, BMI and parity also affect anorectal motion in asymptomatic women. These findings provide age‐adjusted normal values for rectoanal anatomy and pelvic floor motion.
Rikkunshito simultaneously improves dyspepsia correlated with anxiety in patients with functional dyspepsia: A randomized clinical trial (the DREAM study)
Authors: Tominaga K. , Sakata Y. , Kusunoki H. , Odaka T. , Sakurai K. , Kawamura O. , Nagahara A. , Takeuchi T. , Fujikawa Y. , Oshima T. , Kato M. , Furuta T. , Murakami K. , Chiba T. , Miwa H. , Kinoshita Y. , Higuchi K. , Kusano M. , Iwakiri R. , Fujimoto K. , Tack J. F. , Arakawa T. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundFunctional dyspepsia (FD), a heterogeneous disorder, involves multiple pathogenetic mechanisms. Developing treatments for FD has been challenging. We performed a randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind clinical trial to determine the efficacy of rikkunshito, a Japanese herbal medicine, in FD patients.MethodsFD patients (n = 192) who met the Rome III criteria without Helicobacter pylori infection, predominant heartburn, and depression were enrolled at 56 hospitals in Japan. After 2 weeks of single‐blind placebo treatment, 128 patients with continuous symptoms were randomly assigned to 8 weeks of rikkunshito (n = 64) or placebo (n = 61). The primary efficacy endpoint was global assessment of overall treatment efficacy (OTE). The secondary efficacy endpoints were improvements in upper gastrointestinal symptoms evaluated by the Patient Assessment of Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders‐Symptom Severity Index (PAGI‐SYM), the Global Overall Symptom scale (GOS), and the modified Frequency Scale for the Symptoms of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (m‐FSSG), and psychological symptoms evaluated by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).Key ResultsRikkunshito increased OTE compared to placebo at 8 weeks (P = .019). Rikkunshito improved upper gastrointestinal symptoms (PAGI‐SYM, GOS, and m‐FSSG) at 8 weeks, especially postprandial fullness/early satiety (P = .015 and P = .001) and bloating (P = .007 and P = .002) of the PAGI‐SYM subscales at 4 weeks and 8 weeks. Improvement of HADS at 8 weeks (P = .027) correlated with those of PAGI‐SYM (r = .302, P = .001), GOS (r = .186, P = .044), and m‐FSSG (r = .462, P < .001), postprandial fullness/early satiety (r = .226, P = .014), dyspepsia (r = .215, P = .019), and PDS (r = .221, P = .016).Conclusion & inferencesRikkunshito may be beneficial for FD patients to simultaneously treat gastrointestinal and psychological symptoms.
Host lignin composition affects haustorium induction in the parasitic plants Phtheirospermum japonicum and Striga hermonthica
Authors: Cui Songkui , Wada Syogo , Tobimatsu Yuki , Takeda Yuri , Saucet Simon B. , Takano Toshiyuki , Umezawa Toshiaki , Shirasu Ken , Yoshida Satoko 
Published: March 2018

Summary

Parasitic plants in the family Orobanchaceae are destructive weeds of agriculture worldwide. The haustorium, an essential parasitic organ used by these plants to penetrate host tissues, is induced by host‐derived phenolic compounds called haustorium‐inducing factors (HIFs). The origin of HIFs remains unknown, although the structures of lignin monomers resemble that of HIFs. Lignin is a natural phenylpropanoid polymer, commonly found in secondary cell walls of vascular plants. We therefore investigated the possibility that HIFs are derived from host lignin.

Various lignin‐related phenolics, quinones and lignin polymers, together with nonhost and host plants that have different lignin compositions, were tested for their haustorium‐inducing activity in two Orobanchaceae species, a facultative parasite, Phtheirospermum japonicum, and an obligate parasite, Striga hermonthica.

Lignin‐related compounds induced haustoria in P. japonicum and S. hermonthica with different specificities. High concentrations of lignin polymers induced haustorium formation. Treatment with laccase, a lignin degradation enzyme, promoted haustorium formation at low concentrations. The distinct lignin compositions of the host and nonhost plants affected haustorium induction, correlating with the response of the different parasitic plants to specific types of lignin‐related compounds.

Our study provides valuable insights into the important roles of lignin biosynthesis and degradation in the production of HIFs.
N‐myristoylation and S‐acylation are common modifications of Ca2+‐regulated Arabidopsis kinases and are required for activation of the SLAC1 anion channel
Authors: Saito Shunya , Hamamoto Shin , Moriya Koko , Matsuura Aiko , Sato Yoko , Muto Jun , Noguchi Hiroto , Yamauchi Seiji , Tozawa Yuzuru , Ueda Minoru , Hashimoto Kenji , Köster Philipp , Dong Qiuyan , Held Katrin , Kudla Jörg , Utsumi Toshihiko , Uozumi Nobuyuki 
Published: March 2018

Summary

N‐myristoylation and S‐acylation promote protein membrane association, allowing regulation of membrane proteins. However, how widespread this targeting mechanism is in plant signaling processes remains unknown.

Through bioinformatics analyses, we determined that among plant protein kinase families, the occurrence of motifs indicative for dual lipidation by N‐myristoylation and S‐acylation is restricted to only five kinase families, including the Ca2+‐regulated CDPK‐SnRK and CBL protein families. We demonstrated N‐myristoylation of CDPK‐SnRKs and CBLs by incorporation of radiolabeled myristic acid. We focused on CPK6 and CBL5 as model cases and examined the impact of dual lipidation on their function by fluorescence microscopy, electrophysiology and functional complementation of Arabidopsis mutants.

We found that both lipid modifications were required for proper targeting of CBL5 and CPK6 to the plasma membrane. Moreover, we identified CBL5–CIPK11 complexes as phosphorylating and activating the guard cell anion channel SLAC1. SLAC1 activation by CPK6 or CBL5–CIPK11 was strictly dependent on dual lipid modification, and loss of CPK6 lipid modification prevented functional complementation of cpk3 cpk6 guard cell mutant phenotypes.

Our findings establish the general importance of dual lipid modification for Ca2+ signaling processes, and demonstrate their requirement for guard cell anion channel regulation.
Somatic hybridization provides segregating populations for the identification of causative mutations in sterile mutants of the moss Physcomitrella patens
Authors: Moody Laura A. , Kelly Steven , Coudert Yoan , Nimchuk Zachary L. , Harrison C. Jill , Langdale Jane A. 
Published: March 2018

Summary

Forward genetics is now straightforward in the moss Physcomitrella patens, and large mutant populations can be screened relatively easily. However, perturbation of development before the formation of gametes currently leaves no route to gene discovery.

Somatic hybridization has previously been used to rescue sterile mutants and to assign P. patens mutations to complementation groups, but the cellular basis of the fusion process could not be monitored, and there was no tractable way to identify causative mutations.

Here we use fluorescently tagged lines to generate somatic hybrids between Gransden (Gd) and Villersexel (Vx) strains of P. patens, and show that hybridization produces fertile diploid gametophytes that form phenotypically normal tetraploid sporophytes. Quantification of genetic variation between the two parental strains reveals single nucleotide polymorphisms at a frequency of 1/286 bp.

Given that the genetic distinction between Gd and Vx strains exceeds that found between pairs of strains that are commonly used for genetic mapping in other plant species, the spore populations derived from hybrid sporophytes provide suitable material for bulk segregant analysis and gene identification by genome sequencing.
Rice leaf hydrophobicity and gas films are conferred by a wax synthesis gene (LGF1) and contribute to flood tolerance
Authors: Kurokawa Yusuke , Nagai Keisuke , Huan Phung Danh , Shimazaki Kousuke , Qu Huangqi , Mori Yoshinao , Toda Yosuke , Kuroha Takeshi , Hayashi Nagao , Aiga Saori , Itoh Jun‐ichi , Yoshimura Atsushi , Sasaki‐Sekimoto Yuko , Ohta Hiroyuki , Shimojima Mie , Malik Al Imran , Pedersen Ole , Colmer Timothy David , Ashikari Motoyuki 
Published: March 2018

Summary

Floods impede gas (O2 and CO2) exchange between plants and the environment. A mechanism to enhance plant gas exchange under water comprises gas films on hydrophobic leaves, but the genetic regulation of this mechanism is unknown.

We used a rice mutant (dripping wet leaf 7, drp7) which does not retain gas films on leaves, and its wild‐type (Kinmaze), in gene discovery for this trait. Gene complementation was tested in transgenic lines. Functional properties of leaves as related to gas film retention and underwater photosynthesis were evaluated.

Leaf Gas Film 1 (LGF1) was identified as the gene determining leaf gas films. LGF1 regulates C30 primary alcohol synthesis, which is necessary for abundant epicuticular wax platelets, leaf hydrophobicity and gas films on submerged leaves. This trait enhanced underwater photosynthesis 8.2‐fold and contributes to submergence tolerance. Gene function was verified by a complementation test of LGF1 expressed in the drp7 mutant background, which restored C30 primary alcohol synthesis, wax platelet abundance, leaf hydrophobicity, gas film retention, and underwater photosynthesis.

The discovery of LGF1 provides an opportunity to better understand variation amongst rice genotypes for gas film retention ability and to target various alleles in breeding for improved submergence tolerance for yield stability in flood‐prone areas.
Salivary human beta‐defensins affected by oral Candida status in Chinese HIV/AIDS patients undergoing ART
Authors: Liu Z , Yong X , Jiang L , Zhang L , Lin X , Liu W , Peng Y , Tao R 
Published: March 2018

ObjectivesTo observe relationships between oral Candida status and salivary human beta‐defensin 2 and 3 (hBD‐2 and hBD‐3) levels in HIV/AIDS patients of Guangxi, China during the first year of antiretroviral therapy (ART) dynamically, and to understand the influence of ART on oral Candida status and salivary hBDs expressions.MethodsA prospective self‐controlled study was carried to observe the dynamic changes of CD4+ T cell counts, oral Candida carriages and salivary hBD‐2,3 expressions in HIV/AIDS patients during the first year of ART. A total of 90 HIV/AIDS patients were enrolled and were examined at the baseline, 3rd, 6th, 12th month of ART. Thirty healthy individuals were enrolled as control. Peripheral blood, oral rinse sample, and unstimulated whole saliva were collected to test CD4+ T cell counts, oral Candida carriages, and hBD‐2,3 expressions.ResultsIn the first year of ART, CD4+ T cell counts increased significantly. However, oral Candida carriages and oral candidiasis decreased significantly, and salivary hBD‐2 expressions in HIV/AIDS patients decreased gradually, salivary hBD‐3 levels were highly variable. Salivary hBD‐2 concentrations were positively related to oral Candida carriages.ConclusionsThe incidence of oral candidiasis among HIV/AIDS patients gradually decreased due to the immune reconstruction of ART. Salivary defensins might play an important role in Candida‐host interaction in HIV/AIDS patients.
In vivo expression of proteases and protease inhibitor, a serpin, by periodontal pathogens at teeth and implants
Authors: Eckert M. , Mizgalska D. , Sculean A. , Potempa J. , Stavropoulos A. , Eick S. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryPorphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia secrete proteases, gingipains and KLIKK‐proteases. In addition, T. forsythia produces a serpin (miropin) with broad inhibitory spectrum. The aim of this pilot study was to determine the level of expression of miropin and individual proteases in vivo in periodontal and peri‐implant health and disease conditions. Biofilm and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF)/ peri‐implant sulcular fluid (PISF) samples were taken from healthy tooth and implant sites (n = 10), gingivitis and mucositis sites (n = 12), and periodontitis and peri‐implantitis sites (n = 10). Concentration of interleukin‐8 (IL‐8), IL‐1β and IL‐10 in GCF was determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Loads of P. gingivalis and T. forsythia and the presence of proteases and miropin genes were assessed in biofilm by quantitative PCR, whereas gene expression was estimated by quantitative RT‐PCR. The presence of P. gingivalis and T. forsythia, as well as the level of IL‐8 and IL‐1β, were associated with disease severity in the periodontal and peri‐implant tissues. In biofilm samples harboring T. forsythia, genes encoding proteases were found to be present at 72.4% for karilysin and 100% for other KLIKK‐protease genes and miropin. At the same time, detectable mRNA expression of individual genes ranged from 20.7% to 58.6% of samples (for forsylisin and miropsin‐1, respectively). In comparison with the T. forsythia proteases, miropin and the gingipains were highly expressed. The level of expression of gingipains was associated with those of miropin and certain T. forsythia proteases around teeth but not implants. Cumulatively, KLIKK‐proteases and especially miropin, might play a role in pathogenesis of both periodontal and peri‐implant diseases.
Epidemiological observations of Kawasaki disease in Japan, 2013–2014
Authors: Makino Nobuko , Nakamura Yosikazu , Yashiro Mayumi , Sano Takashi , Ae Ryusuke , Kosami Koki , Kojo Takao , Aoyama Yasuko , Kotani Kazuhiko , Yanagawa Hiroshi 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe etiology of Kawasaki disease (KD) is unknown. In Japan, the number of patients and incidence rate of KD has increased continuously since its discovery. The aim of this report was to analyze the latest nationwide epidemiological survey of KD in Japan.MethodsThe 23rd nationwide survey of KD was conducted in 2015. To report on all patients diagnosed with KD in 2013 and 2014, a questionnaire was sent to hospitals with ≥100 beds containing pediatric departments, as well as specialized pediatric hospitals.ResultsThe number of KD patients reported was 15 696 in 2013 and 15 979 in 2014, resulting in an annual incidence rate of 302.5 and 308.0 per 100 000 population aged 0–4 years, respectively. The number of patients and incidence rate of KD in 2014 were the highest ever recorded in Japan. The number of patients diagnosed per month peaked in January, and a gradual increase in summer was also observed. Eight patients died of KD in 2013 and 2014.ConclusionsThe number of patients and incidence rate of KD in Japan continue to increase. Continued surveillance of epidemiological trends of KD is therefore required.