bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute‐subacute paracoccidioidomycosis: A paediatric cohort of 141 patients, exploring clinical characteristics, laboratorial analysis and developing a non‐survival predictor
Authors: Romaneli Mariana Tresoldi das Neves , Tardelli Natália Rocha , Tresoldi Antonia Teresinha , Morcillo André Moreno , Pereira Ricardo Mendes 
Published: August 2019

SummaryThe acute‐subacute form of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a severe systemic mycosis that affects children and adolescents from endemic regions, leading to generalised lymphadenopathy, fever, weight loss, anaemia, eosinophilia, hypoalbuminemia and hypergammaglobulinemia. The objective of this study is to describe the clinical and laboratorial characteristics of acute‐subacute PCM, to determine a mortality risk factor and to propose a test for non‐survival hazard related to the disease. Children and adolescents diagnosed with PCM, under 15 years were included in the study. Their epidemiological, clinical and laboratorial data were obtained from the hospital records. Descriptive analysis, comparison of means, univariate logistic regression, multivariate logistic regression and a ROC curve were performed in order to identify significant information (P < .05). Through a period of 38 years, 141 children and adolescents were diagnosed with acute‐subacute PCM. The main antifungal agent used for the treatment was sulfamethoxazole‐trimethoprim (SMX‐TMP). The complication rate was 17%, the relapse rate was 7.8% and the mortality rate was 5.7%. A low albumin dosage was identified as a predictor factor for mortality. The cut‐off for serum albumin was 2.18 g/dL, above which, the survival rate is 99.1%. Thus, simple clinical and laboratorial examinations may lead to the diagnosis of acute‐subacute PCM, and the beginning of the treatment is encouraged even before the isolation of the fungus in biological samples, preventing unfavourable outcomes. Patients with an albumin dosage ≤ 2.18g/dL must receive special attention, preferably hospitalised, during the first four weeks of treatment for presenting an elevated mortality hazard.
In vitro activities of 15 antifungal drugs against a large collection of clinical isolates of Microsporum canis
Authors: Abastabar Mahdi , Jedi Ali , Guillot Jacques , Ilkit Macit , Eidi Samaneh , Hedayati Mohammad Taghi , Shokohi Tahereh , Daie Ghazvini Roshanak , Rezaei‐Matehkolaei Ali , Katiraee Farzad , Javidnia Javad , Ahmadi Bahram , Badali Hamid 
Published: August 2019

SummaryBackgroundMicrosporum canis is a zoophilic species, found to be the most frequently isolated species in animals. M. canis causes sporadic outbreaks of infections in humans, such as the one that occurred in Canada, where more than 1000 human cases were detected over an 8‐year period. Despite the medical importance of M. canis infections, there are limited in vitro data on the antifungal susceptibility to antifungal drugs, including new generation triazoles and imidazoles.ObjectiveThe aim of the current study was to comprehensively evaluate the in vitro activity of new azoles and comparator drugs against a large panel of M. canis isolates using a microdilution assay.MethodsThe in vitro susceptibility to novel triazoles and imidazoles was compared to that of other antifungal drugs using a large collection of M. canis clinical isolates (n = 208) obtained from patients and animals with dermatophytosis in Iran, France and Turkey.ResultsAll isolates exhibited high susceptibility to the majority of the tested antifungal agents. However, luliconazole, lanoconazole and efinaconazole, as well as econazole, demonstrated superior activity against all strains in comparis on with the other drugs.ConclusionFDA‐approved antifungal drugs, that is luliconazole, efinaconazole and lanoconazole, showed the highest antifungal activity and should be promising candidates for the treatment of dermatophytosis caused by M canis. However, their therapeutic effectiveness remains to be determined in clinical settings.
Zionist identity and the British Mandate: Palestine's internment camps and the making of the Western native
Authors: Yohanani Lior 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between British police officers, Jewish guards, and German internees in Palestine's internment camps during World War II. Using the reports of the Jewish guards, the paper investigates the role of Western‐identified actors in the Zionist identity‐making project. The reports evince a surprising rapport between the British and their German prisoners and the mistreatment of the Jewish guards by their British superiors. The paper analyses these Jewish accounts in the context of identity‐ and ethnic boundary‐making and argues that they illustrate Zionism's intent to construct itself as a Western but noncolonial movement and Zionists in Palestine as natives but not “Orientals.” The reports also reveal a breach between the formal hierarchy—British officers, Jewish guards, German internees—and the ethnic order, which situated British and Germans at the apex and the Jews at the bottom. The paper highlights the utility of researching group‐making interactions in different contexts to develop a more nuanced understanding of identity‐making processes.
Esophageal physiologic profiles within erosive esophagitis in China: Predominantly low‐grade esophagitis with low reflux burden
Authors: Zhang Mengyu , Tan Niandi , Li Yuwen , Chen Minhu , Xiao Yinglian 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackground & aimsThe Lyon Consensus defines LA grades C&D erosive esophagitis (EE) or acid exposure time (AET) >6% as the conclusive evidence for gastro‐esophageal reflux disease (GERD). However, most of EE is LA grade A&B and the rate of AET exceeding 6% is low in China. We aimed to evaluate patients with EE in the Chinese population based on the Lyon Criteria.MethodsA retrospective study was performed among patients with EE who had esophageal function tests performed in a tertiary hospital from 2013 to 2017. Erosive esophagitis was staged according to the Los Angeles classification. Their motor profiles from high‐resolution manometry (HRM), reflux profiles from multichannel intraluminal impedance‐pH (MII‐pH) monitoring and proton pump inhibitor (PPI) efficacy were analyzed. Patients were categorized as conclusive or inconclusive GERD.ResultsAmong 112 patients with EE who underwent esophageal function tests, EE of LA grade C&D was found in only 4.46% (N = 5). Almost 35% (N = 37) of patients with LA grade A&B EE had AET exceeded 6%, who had good PPI response similar to those with LA grade C&D EE (77.42% vs 100%, P = .559). The remaining 70 patients (62.50%) were inconclusive GERD, of whom 56.25% responded to PPI. Inconclusive GERD patients had a wide range (7.14%‐97.14%) of positive adjunctive evidences from HRM and MII‐pH monitoring without significant correlation to PPI response rate.ConclusionsThe reflux burden within patients with EE is predominantly low in China, and adjunctive HRM and MII‐pH profiles from Lyon criteria do not segregate PPI response.
National policies to prevent obesity in early childhood: Using policy mapping to compare policy lessons for Australia with six developed countries
Authors: Esdaile Emma , Thow Anne Marie , Gill Tim , Sacks Gary , Golley Rebecca , Love Penelope , Wen Li Ming , Rissel Chris 
Published: August 2019

SummaryInterventions for obesity prevention in early childhood (first 5 years of life) are likely to have a significant preventive health impact. This mapping review identified recommended policy options for the Australian Federal Government (AFG) by comparing countries with similar population, income, and language to Australia. Policies were mapped in six countries using two matrices. The first matrix examined policy context, describing obesity prevention governance. The second matrix examined policy content, compared with global recommendations. Policies were grouped into downstream (healthcare), midstream (lifestyle and settings), and upstream (determinants of health, including food and built environments). Results identified variance in obesity governance across the six countries including policy coherence, leadership, institutional drivers, and overlapping responsibility across different levels of government. While countries tended to have more downstream or midstream policies, upstream policies were more likely when countries had invested in system‐wide approaches to obesity such as developing a national obesity strategy, having separate food/nutrition and physical activity plans, and a dedicated preventive health agency. This study recommends a range of initiatives for the AFG to strengthen policies for the prevention of obesity in early childhood, including prioritising the development of a national food/nutrition strategy.
Oral features of systemic sclerosis: A case–control study
Authors: Gomes da Silva Guilherme Soares , Maymone de Melo Marina Lins , Leão Jair Carneiro , Carvalho Alessandra Tavares , Porter Stephen , Duarte Angela Luzia Branco Pinto , Dantas Andrea Tavares , Gueiros Luiz Alcino 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the orofacial parameters of systemic sclerosis (SSc) and its related systemic features.Subjects and MethodsA descriptive case–control study was performed from November 2015 to October 2016. Ninety‐three individuals were included and divided into SSc group (n = 50) and healthy controls (C, n = 43).ResultsSystemic sclerosis individuals were mostly women (43/50, 86%), with a mean age of 46 years (±11.6 years). Telangiectasia (42/50, 84%) and reduced mouth opening (35/50, 70%) were the most frequent orofacial findings. The periodontitis frequency was much higher in SSc individuals than in healthy controls (90.7% × 48.83%; p < .001). In addition, SSc individuals presented a distinctive pattern of periodontitis, with low probing pocket depth (2 ± 0.65 mm × 2 ± 0.24; p < .001), higher gingival recession (4 ± 2.13 × 0.14 ± 0,22; p < .001), higher periodontal attachment loss (6 ± 1.34 mm × 2 ± 0.43, p < .001), and lower gingival bleeding index values (7.05 ± 7.25 × 21.57 ± 15.66; p < .001).ConclusionsOrofacial manifestations were common in SSc and included a unique pattern of periodontal manifestation, characterized by lower gingival bleeding index, higher periodontal attachment loss, and low probing depth.
Case report series of a novel application of neostigmine to successfully relieve refractory ileus status post‐pediatric orthotopic liver transplantation
Authors: Petersen Pamela C. , Balakrishnan Binod , Vitola Bernadette , Hong Johnny C. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPost‐operative ileus is common after abdominal surgeries. Children undergoing liver transplant are at increased risk of ileus for various reasons including multiple abdominal procedures and use of narcotic medications. Ileus can lead to abdominal compartment syndrome and compromise the integrity of the liver graft. In some of these patients, ileus is resistant to standard therapies including stool softeners, bowel stimulants, enemas, and even methylnaltrexone. Neostigmine has been shown in pediatric case series to be efficacious in some children for refractory post‐operative ileus. We report three children (9 months, 3 years, and 12 years old) who developed refractory ileus after liver transplant, with one of them developing abdominal compartment syndrome, who were treated successfully with continuous infusions of neostigmine. Clinical responses included passage of flatus and stool and improvement in abdominal distension. All patients tolerated the infusion without serious adverse effects such as bradycardia or bronchospasm. Neostigmine was used safely in our patients and may be safe and efficacious for the treatment of refractory ileus in pediatric patients after liver transplantation. Neostigmine should be considered early in the treatment of these patients.
Sub‐acute neonatal hemochromatosis in an infant with hypoplastic left heart syndrome on ventricular assist device awaiting transplantation
Authors: Tadros Hanna J. , Gupta Dipankar , Childress Megan , Beasley Genie , Rubrecht Ashlie E. , Shenoy Archana , Philip Joseph , Bleiweis Mark S. , Machado Desiree S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSingle‐ventricle pediatric patients, amongst other children waiting for OHT, are a vulnerable population, especially if candidacy is established before any palliation. NH is a rare disease with poor prognosis in the post‐natal period. We present a case of sub‐acute NH diagnosed in an infant with HLHS who was listed for OHT while bridged with a pulsatile paracorporeal VAD, with an emphasis on the evolution of the condition throughout the patient's clinical course and the ultimate decision for compassionate deactivation of VAD.
Quantitative Effects of Pigmentation on the Re‐absorption of Chlorophyll a Fluorescence and Energy Partitioning in Leaves
Authors: Ospina Calvo Brian , Lagorio María Gabriela 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study comparatively examined spectroscopic features, photosynthetic parameters and energy partitioning in plants of Fittonia albivenis cv. Agyroneura and Fittonia albivenis cv. Verschaffeltii with different pigmentation. Fittonia albivenis cv. Verschaffeltii, rich in anthocyanins, presented lower values than the green variety (cv. Agyroneura) for several parameters: the ratio chlorophyll a/b, the carotenoid content, the heat dissipation by nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) and the energy‐dependent component of the quantum yield of NPQ. Additionally, the red plant displayed higher resistance to water shortage. The spectral distribution of the chlorophyll a fluorescence, free from distortions due to light reabsorption processes, was obtained for both varieties by application of a physical model previously developed in our group. From this modeling, a higher ratio photosystem II/photosystem I was inferred for the red variety, in agreement with the screening effect of anthocyanins. From a thorough analysis of the fluorescence, the different operating strategies adopted by these plants with dissimilar pigmentation could be elucidated. These strategies were related to the photosystem stoichiometry, the distribution of the absorbed energy and the dissipation of heat under increasing light intensities.
Minimizing risk of bias in clinical implant research study design
Authors: Kotsakis Georgios A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe field of clinical implant research has been flourishing in recent years. The number of related publications has been on the rise, as has the number of dental journals. However, the information gathered from surveillance studies on the quality of reporting and methodologic quality of published studies is unsettling. An important challenge faced by researchers endeavoring to conduct implant studies is how to factor the differences between implant surfaces and dental surfaces in the study design. Given the considerable experience that has been gained in the research methodology of the study of teeth and periodontal tissues, clinical implant research studies have often been conducted without giving much consideration to the fundamental differences between implants and teeth. This article discusses study design related to implant research in view of these differences. Observational and interventional study design methodology is discussed, and guidelines are provided to inform researchers on how to minimize bias in the design and implementation of these clinical studies when implant‐related outcomes are studied.
Risk factors in bone augmentation procedures
Authors: Moy Peter K. , Aghaloo Tara 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBone augmentation is an extremely common procedure in implant dentistry today because of significant advancements with reactive biomaterials, a better understanding of the mechanism of action that is found with growth factors contained in platelets, and improvements in surgical techniques. The expectation is for the surgeon to place the dental implant in the position that best serves the requirements of the prosthetic restorations. With the increasing demands that patients have for ideal prosthetic results, surgeons are expected to predictably augment both hard and soft tissues to provide the anticipated esthetic and functional outcomes. Bone grafting can be performed before, during, and after the implant placement; however, these augmentation procedures come with increased cost, the risk of complications such as infection or failure, and lengthening of the total treatment time. In addition, a plethora of grafting materials are available commercially, where they are often inadequately studied, or there is minimal information regarding their predictability or long‐term success, or ability to support dental implants. It is clear that although the surgical field has seen major progress since early implant surgical techniques in the 1980s, major challenges still exist with hard tissue augmentation procedures. This review will discuss these challenges that are increased and often specific to bone graft healing, and which are becoming more common as implant site development often requires bone augmentation to improve volume or contour deficiencies. The risk factors that patients may present with that will affect outcomes with bone augmentation procedures are identified, and recommendations for the prevention of complications or managing complications once they have occurred are provided.
Biomaterial and biomechanical considerations to prevent risks in implant therapy
Authors: Bonfante Estevam A. , Jimbo Ryo , Witek Lukasz , Tovar Nick , Neiva Rodrigo , Torroni Andrea , Coelho Paulo G. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper is aimed to present a biomaterials perspective in implant therapy that fosters improved bone response and long‐term biomechanical competence from surgical instrumentation to final prosthetic rehabilitation. Strategies to develop implant surface texturing will be presented and their role as an ad hoc treatment discussed in light of the interplay between surgical instrumentation and implant macrogeometric configuration. Evidence from human retrieved implants in service for several years and from in vivo studies will be used to show how the interplay between surgical instrumentation and implant macrogeometry design affect osseointegration healing pathways, and bone morphologic and long‐term mechanical properties. Also, the planning of implant‐supported prosthetic rehabilitations targeted at long‐term performance will be appraised from a standpoint where personal preferences (eg, cementing or screwing a prosthesis) can very often fail to deliver the best patient care. Lastly, the acknowledgement that every rehabilitation will have its strength degraded over time once in function will be highlighted, since the potential occurrence of even minor failures is rarely presented to patients prior to treatment.
Effects of occlusal forces on the peri‐implant‐bone interface stability
Authors: Delgado‐Ruiz Rafael Arcesio , Calvo‐Guirado Jose Luis , Romanos Georgios E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe occlusal forces and their influence on the initiation of peri‐implant bone loss or their relationship with peri‐implantitis have created discussion during the past 30 years given the discrepancies observed in clinical, animal, and finite element analysis studies. Beyond these contradictions, in the case of an osseointegrated implant, the occlusal forces can influence the implant‐bone interface and the cells responsible for the bone remodeling in different ways that may result in the maintenance or loss of the osseointegration. This comprehensive review focuses on the information available about the forces transmitted through the implant‐crown system to the implant‐bone interface and the mechano‐transduction phenomena responsible for the bone cells’ behavior and their interactions. Knowledge of the basic molecular biology of the peri‐implant bone would help clinicians to understand the complex phenomenon of occlusal forces and their effects on the implant‐bone interface, and would allow better control of the negative effects of mechanical stresses, leading to therapy with fewer risks and complications.
Physiological indices of challenge and threat: A data‐driven investigation of autonomic nervous system reactivity during an active coping stressor task
Authors: Wormwood Jolie B. , Khan Zulqarnain , Siegel Erika , Lynn Spencer K. , Dy Jennifer , Barrett Lisa Feldman , Quigley Karen S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe utilized a data‐driven, unsupervised machine learning approach to examine patterns of peripheral physiological responses during a motivated performance context across two large, independent data sets, each with multiple peripheral physiological measures. Results revealed that patterns of cardiovascular response commonly associated with challenge and threat states emerged as two of the predominant patterns of peripheral physiological responding within both samples, with these two patterns best differentiated by reactivity in cardiac output, pre‐ejection period, interbeat interval, and total peripheral resistance. However, we also identified a third, relatively large group of apparent physiological nonresponders who exhibited minimal reactivity across all physiological measures in the motivated performance context. This group of nonresponders was best differentiated from the others by minimal increases in electrodermal activity. We discuss implications for identifying and characterizing this third group of individuals in future research on physiological patterns of challenge and threat.
A microbial sea of possibilities: current knowledge and prospects for an improved understanding of the fish microbiome
Authors: Legrand Thibault P.R.A. , Wynne James W. , Weyrich Laura S. , Oxley Andrew P.A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe mucosal surfaces of fish represent an important barrier that supports and regulates a diverse array of microbial assemblages and contributes to the overall health and fitness of the host. For farmed species, knowledge of how these host–microbial systems adapt and respond to various stressors is pivotal for managing health, nutrition and optimizing productivity in aquaculture. While our understanding of these communities and the factors that shape them now suggest that a diverse balanced microbiota is critical for healthy functioning in fish, the mechanisms behind these interactions are still poorly understood. Much of the existing research has focused on characterizing the taxonomic diversity of these assemblages in different fish species, across body surfaces (e.g. skin, gills and gastrointestinal tract), and in response to changing nutrition, health and environmental conditions. However, the specific functional contributions of these communities (or specific members) remain elusive, especially in farmed or diseased fish. Here, we review our current understanding of the microbiota in fish, their interplay and the likely functional involvement with the host. We also seek to address and identify gaps in knowledge and explore the future prospects for improving our understanding of these communities in aquaculture.