bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The growth and yield of Calliandra Callothyrsus trees as biomass-based energy feedstock
Authors: Abdulah L 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Calliandra callothyrsus is a woody plant that grows quickly and well in a wide range of natural conditions. C. callothyrsus is a tree species which easily cultivated and can be harvested in a short time (short-rotation wood crops). However, information about time and harvesting techniques that explain harvesting biomass is still needed. The aimed of this study is measured growth after trimming, the best time interval for harvesting and the results of cutting both biomass and the heating value contained. The method used is a destructive method. Observations are carried out repeatedly in a permanent plot. The permanent plot as treatment level cutting. So, this study evaluated the correlation between time and cutting level to growth and biomass harvested. The results showed that the best cutting limit was 50 cm above ground level. It is due to the high harvest biomass and the number of new stems that grow more. Meanwhile, to ensure business sustainability, the best harvest interval is 1 year. It will ensure adequate growth of new stems, large harvesting biomass and high calorific value of harvest. Harvesting potential can reach 25 m3.ha-1.yr1. While the heating value will be at an interval of 3016 - 3757 kcal.kg−1.
Isolation and preservation of microfungi from Indonesia islands
Authors: Wulandari N F 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The research was aimed at utilizing more adequate methods of long-term preservation, cryopreservation (freezing at -80 °C). Samples obtained from three islands were used as sources of samples, i.e., Enggano, Riau, and Sumba. Direct isolation and single spore isolation were conducted to isolate the microfungi. All the cultures were grown on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). The growth rate of selected microfungi was calculated every day for a week. The growth rate for selected ten microfungi of each island, approximately 0.1-0.7 cm/day. All the cultures are maintained in InaCC (Indonesian Culture Collections), Cibinong, LIPI.
Carbon footprint of pesantren: the role of pesantren manager determining the food consumption
Authors: Hidayatullah A F , Della N V , Elfrida N , Haq D , Arikhah  
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Indonesia is a country with a large part of the population being Muslim with the characteristics of Islamic boarding schools. Islamic boarding schools are the oldest informal education institutions in Indonesia that influence the development of Indonesia. Santri, including pesantren people who have a higher mindset in understanding life than non-santri. The spiritual provision of the santri will be applied in the actions and behaviour of daily life starting from the smallest things like eating. Food consumption activities affect the environmental damage with carbon emissions produced. Carbon footprint can be used as a concept to calculate santri’s daily food consumption habits. The analytical method used to read data is the One-way Anova analysis program. Respondents of this research were Semarang Darul Falah Besongo’s Pesantren, who are 100% students of Walisongo State Islamic University Semarang. The spiritual knowledge of santri is the basis for optimally managing food. Pesantren with good food management principles, like food efficiency can minimize carbon emissions that damage the environment. The achievement of food safety will safeguard natural resources so that they remain sustainable.
Clustering analysis on interspesific hybrid of Paphiopedilum Maudiae x tonsum crossing
Authors: Rianawati S , Pramanik D , Kartikaningrum S , Dewanti M , Suryanah  , Budiarto K , Marwoto B 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Paphiopedilum (Slipper Orchid/Venus orchid) is a genus belongs to subfamily of Cypripedioideae. All Paphiopedilum species are covered by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). Cluster analysis has been used to grouping of plant variation. The aim of the research was to estimate the relationship between parents (Paph. Maudiae “Black” & Paph. tonsum) and their 19 progenies. 23 morphological Qualitative traits and 13 morphometrical/quantitative traits were used in multivariate analysis. The morphological qualitative data was scored numerically as present (1) and absent (0), and then analyzed using NTSYS PC (Rohlf, 1998). Similarity between accessions was estimated using Dice coefficient. Average taxonomic distance was used to group the quantitative data using Dist coefficient. Result showed that hierarchical clustering of 21 genotipes indicated two main groups based on qualitative data as well of quantitative data. Group 1 had 5 accessions (PH1-01, PH1-16, PH1-51, Ph1-73, PH1-78, and group 2 had 10 accessions. Four accessions were separated and stand alone. Group 1 had morphological resemblance with Paph. Maudiae and group 2 had morphological resemblance with Paph. Maudiae and Paph. tonsum. Based on quantitative data, group 1 (11 accessions) had quantitative trait resemblance with Paph. Tonsum. Group 2 (7 accessions) had quantitative trait resemblance with Paph. Maudiae. Morphological trait of Paph. Maudiae was dominant inherited to their progenies.
Rediscovery Sumatran endemic flora: towards the establishment of data of biodiversity loss
Authors: Mambrasar Y M , Damayanto I P G P , Atikah T D 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe research of Sumatran endemic flora species for the establishment of a database of biodiversity loss has been conducted on March 2018 around Lake Toba areas. The exploration method was applied to collect the flora endemic and identified with specimen reference collection in Herbarium Bogoriense (BO) and related references. 28 species from six families were rediscovered as Sumatran endemic flora. Orchidaceae (15 species) and Ericaceae (5 species) were the most commonly families found. Meanwhile, Taman Eden 100 and Jangga Dolok were the most common location for the rediscovery of Sumatran endemic flora.
Effect of Formation Voltage on the Pore Size of Porous Anodic Aluminum Oxide
Authors: Sianturi Manogari , Juwono Ariadne L , Anawati Anawati 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This work is aimed to clarify the effect of formation voltage on the pore size of porous anodic aluminum oxide (PAAO) layer formed on commercially pure aluminum. The PAAO layers were obtained by anodization process in 0.3 M sulfuric acid solution at constant voltages of 10, 15, 20, and 25 V at 10°C. The structure and morphology of PAAO layers were characterized by using FE-SEM. The pore diameters which were estimated by using ImageJ software were 19.61 + 15.35 nm, 20.03 +13.59 nm, 20.31 + 12.36 nm, 25.06 +12.10 nm, and the wall thicknesses were 33 nm, 49.99 nm, 74.97 nm, 83.33 nm for the PAAO formed at 10, 15, 20 and 25 V, respectively. The structure of the porous oxide layer became more uniform and organized, and the diameter of the pores increased linearly with applied voltage. High anodization voltage is known to cause Joule heating because of the fast movement of electrons and ions. It is believed that the Joule heat was transferred to the bulk electrolyte which results in larger pore diameter and interpore distance. The optimum condition to obtain high order PAAO is at 25 V.
Analysis of Damage Area of Fiberglass/Polyester Bi-Panel with Rice Husk Ash as a Filler Caused by the Impact of High-Speed Particles
Authors: Koto Nazarudin , Soegijono Bambang 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Analysis of the damaged area of the composite bi-panel fiberglass/polyester with the addition of rice husk ash as a filler have been presented in this paper. The area of damage is caused by the impact of high-speed particles. Bi-panel composites were made by hand lay-up of S-glass and unsaturated polyester resin BTQN 157 ex with variations of 3, 5, 7, 9 %v rice husk ash as a filler. The impact test were carried out using a 9 mm caliber FN gun in accordance with NIJ level IIIA standards. The results show the area of damage caused by a projectile decrease with the increasing amount of Rice husk %v. There is a significant effect with the addition of rice husk ash filler on the composite of bi-panel fiberglass/polyester to the impact of high-speed particles. The rice husk ash could be used as an alternative for filler in Polyester/Fiberglass composite for body armor application.
Study on Heating Profile of Liquid-mixing-synthesized ZnTiO3
Authors: Ermawati F U , Imamah N A 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The synthesis of monophasic ZnTiO3 powder has been reported as one of the challenges in material chemistry because under normal condition and as prepared by various synthesis methods, ZnTiO3 phase readily decomposes to Zn2TiO4 and TiO2 rutile phases. This is due to the temperature range of ZnTiO3 phase formation was very narrow, i.e. 600 - 800 °C; above that temperature, the decomposition of ZnTiO3 phase took place. This paper is intended to introduce a facile route, named liquid mixing method, to prepare ZnTiO3 powder from Zn and Ti metal powders as the raw materials and HCl as the solvent. Via this route, ZnTiO3 phase was formed at a temperature as low as 550 °C with particle size distributed homogeneously. The heating profile of ZnTiO3 phase from 440 to 900 °C was studied based on TG/DTA, XRD and FTIR data. However, when a ‘normal’ stoichiometric ratio of Zn: Ti = 1: 1 was applied, TiO2 rutile phase becomes dominant, while ZnTiO3 phase is only a secondary phase. This affects to the crystallinity of the ZnTiO3 phase. An effort to overcome the dominance of TiO2 phase was also demonstrated in this paper.
The Impact Resistance, Flammability, and Hardness of Polypropylene/Unidirectional Sumberejo Kenaf Fiber Composites
Authors: Maulana M I , Juwono A L 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The use of natural fibers to substitute synthetic fibers on composites has been an interest to be developed. Kenaf is a plant that abundant in Indonesia because it‘s adaptive and its fiber has good strength. The purpose of this study was to determine the value of impact resistance, flammability, and hardness of polypropylene / unidirectional Sumberejo kenaf fiber composite boards in accordance with Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI). Composites were fabricated by the variation of fiber, which were 30 wt%, 40 wt%, and 50 wt%. Pure polypropylene samples were also fabricated for comparison. The fabrication used a compression molding method. The best results were obtained from polypropylene / 50 wt% kenaf fiber composites with impact energy, flammability, and hardness values were (47.54 + 10.7) J / cm2, (7.1±5.1) mm / minute, and (66 + 0.8) HD respectively. Optical microscope observation on the impacted surface was a destruction of the matrix-fiber bonding and fiber breakage, in which showed the energy of impact was absorbed by kenaf fiber. The observation on the burned surface was burnt kenaf fibers and rest of PP that bonding with kenaf fiber, this indicated the kenaf fiber acted as an oxygen barrier.
The Effect of NaOH Immersion Time to Physical Properties of Purun Tikus (Eleocharis dulcis) Cement Board Composite
Authors: Haryanti Ninis Hadi , Wardhana Henry , Suryajaya  
Published: September 2019

Abstract
A research in cement board composite made from purun tikus (Eleocharis dulcis) has been conducted. The aims are to determine its physical properties as variations of purun tikus fibers mass and NaOH immersion time. The results were yielded 5.00 - 15.15%, 0.52 - 0.76 g / cm3 and 0.05 - 0.18%, respectively for water content, density and thickness development. For moisture content and density values, the results were not met the standard of SNI 03-2104-1991, while for thickness development of all samples met the standards. The results showed fluctuating changes in water content, density and thickness development, which were influenced by the immersion time and mass of purun tikus fibers. From the results, it can be concluded that shorter immersion time and less purun tikus fibers yielded a smaller value of water content and thickness development, while density was become higher.
Preparation and Characterization of Local Indonesian Chitosan-graft-Maleic Anhydride as Drug Carrier
Authors: Timotius Daniel , Rochmadi  , Kusumastuti Yuni 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The modification of local Indonesian chitosan as a drug carrier is conducted by grafting with maleic anhydride (MA). The grafted film resulting in a negative charge of carboxyl group attach on chitosan backbone. Several ratio of MA/chitosan is conducted to evaluate the effect of MA on the drug release behavior. Chitosan and MA was dissolved and stirred in 1% (v/v) acetic acid for 24 hours. Tween 80 and curcumin are added to the solution as surfactant and drug model respectively. The homogeneous solution is casted into polyethylene petri dish and dried under room temperature. Chitosan-graft-MA is characterized by Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) in addition to gravimetric titration to characterize the existing of carboxyl groups of the films. The swelling and degradation ability in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution is showed an increasing trend as the addition of MA. The kinetic study of drug release is performed in Peppas and first order model. An optimum condition of grafting is achieved at 150% (w/w).
Longitudinal Changes in the Genital Hiatus Preceding the Development of Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Authors: Handa Victoria L , Blomquist Joan L , Carroll Megan , Roem Jennifer , Muñoz Alvaro 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We aimed to explore relationships between changes in genital hiatus (GH) and development of pelvic organ prolapse using data from the Mothers’ Outcomes After Delivery (MOAD) Study, a Baltimore, Maryland, cohort study of parous women who underwent annual assessments during 2008–2018. Prolapse was defined as any vaginal segment protrusion beyond the hymen or reported prolapse surgery. For each case, 5 controls (matched on birth type and interval from first delivery to study enrollment) were selected using incidence sampling methods. We used a mixed model whose fixed effects described the initial size and slope of the GH as a function of prolapse status (case vs. control) and with nested (women within matched sets) random effects. Among 1,198 women followed for 1.0–7.3 years, 153 (13%) developed prolapse; 754 controls were matched to those women, yielding 3,664 visits for analysis. GH was 20% larger among the cases at enrollment (3.16 cm in cases vs. 2.62 cm in controls; P &lt; 0.001), and the mean rate of increase in the size of the GH was more than 3 times greater (0.56 cm per 5-year period vs. 0.15 cm per 5-year period in controls; P &lt; 0.001). Thus, to identify women at highest risk for developing prolapse, health-care providers could evaluate not simply the size of the GH but also changes in the GH over time.
High-Salt Intake Reduces Apomorphine-Induced Penile Erection and Increases Neurally Mediated Contractile Responses of the Cavernosal Smooth Muscle in Rats
Authors: Leitolis Amanda , Crestani Sandra , Linder Áurea Elizabeth , da Silva-Santos José Eduardo 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
This study was designed to evaluate whether overconsumption of NaCl, a well-known risk factor for hypertension, leads to erectile dysfunction in rodents.

METHODS
Male Wistar rats received regular chow (control group) or 4% NaCl chow for 24 weeks and were subjected to blood pressure measurement and apomorphine-induced erection. Moreover, cavernosal strips from both the control and 4% NaCl groups were evaluated in organ baths.

RESULTS
Animals subjected to 4% NaCl chow did not develop hypertension but presented a significant reduction in the total number of erections following apomorphine administration as compared with the control group. The addition of high KCl or phenylephrine resulted in similar contractile responses in the corpus cavernosal strips from both the control and 4% NaCl groups. However, electrical field stimulation-induced contraction was significantly enhanced in cavernosal strips from animals exposed to 4% NaCl. Incubation of Y-27632, but not of atropine and Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), entirely prevented the potentiation of the contractile responses evoked by electrical stimulation. The enhanced contractile responses evoked by electrical stimulation found in the high-salt group were also avoided in the absence of extracellular calcium. Concentration-response curves of CaCl2 revealed augmented contractility in response to extracellular calcium in cavernosal strips from the 4% NaCl-treated rats, compared with control samples.

CONCLUSIONS
A high-salt diet alone rendered the animals less responsive to apomorphine-induced penile erection and enhanced neurally mediated contractile responses in the corpus cavernosum, a clear indication that overconsumption of sodium can lead to erectile dysfunction even without the development of hypertension.
Reducing Attentional Bias in Individuals With Alcohol Use Disorders With a Tablet Application: A Randomized Controlled Trial Pilot Study
Authors: Flaudias Valentin , Zerhouni Oulmann , Chakroun-Baggioni Nadia , Pires Sylvie , Schmitt Audrey , De Chazeron Ingrid , Llorca Pierre Michel , Brousse Georges 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Aims
Cognitive bias modification (CBM) training has been considered a promising and effective intervention tool for reducing cognitive biases toward alcohol. However, the link between the cognitive process and actual behavior remains statistically insignificant because computerized tasks do not have sufficient ecological validity and suffer from high dropout rates. The recent development of ‘serious games’ has shown encouraging results in maintaining adherence to health-related interventions. We aim to evaluate a CBM program using a gamified attentional bias (AB) training procedure on a touchpad for individuals with alcohol use disorders.

Methods
Forty-one patients were included in this study, 33 of whom displayed an AB and were randomly assigned into the ‘CBM group’ (N = 18, 16.7% women) or ‘Memory group’—which involved playing a memory game—(N = 15, no woman). Eight other participants (12.5% women) with no AB comprised the ‘Without AB group’. Efficacy was assessed for AB, craving, and inhibition and attentional capacities before and after the program.

Results
We observed that the reduction of AB was higher for the ‘CBM group’ (Mbefore = 153.61, SD = 172.21; Mafter = 18.00, SD = 77.71; t (17) = 4.21, P = 0.001) than for the ‘Memory group’ (Mbefore = 73.20, SD = 66.65; Mafter =42.47, SD = 113.77; ts < 1). The analysis showed that for the ‘Without AB group’, there was no significant difference in AB (t (7) = −2.15, P = .07) after the program.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated an increased reduction of AB for patients included in the CBM program on a touchpad than for patients playing only a memory game.
Towards a Green Applied Linguistics: Human–Sea Turtle Semiotic Assemblages in Hawai‘i
Authors: Lamb Gavin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis article argues that human–animal relationships are a key conceptual terrain for applied linguists to intervene in emerging interdisciplinary debates on how to address problematic human–environment relations in a time of growing ecological degradation. The scientific diagnosis of the Anthropocene has further generated critical discussion in the social sciences on the need to understand the diversity of local cultural responses to global environmental crises, ranging from climate change to species extinction. This article proposes that a ‘green applied linguistics’ can offer empirical insights into the role of language and discourse in mediating diverse human relationships with animals and nature. Taking human interactions with protected wildlife as one aspect of these wider socio-environmental debates, this article builds on recent embodied, materialist and posthumanist research in applied linguistics to suggest that nexus analysis offers a holistic methodology to examine the problematic ways people become caught up with threatened species through their semiotic practices. I illustrate these ideas through examples from my ethnographic research on the convergence of sea turtle conservation and ecotourism practices at Laniākea Beach, Hawai‘i.
A comparative study of multi-omics integration tools for cancer driver gene identification and tumour subtyping
Authors: Sathyanarayanan Anita , Gupta Rohit , Thompson Erik W , Nyholt Dale R , Bauer Denis C , Nagaraj Shivashankar H 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Oncogenesis and cancer can arise as a consequence of a wide range of genomic aberrations including mutations, copy number alterations, expression changes and epigenetic modifications encompassing multiple omics layers. Integrating genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and epigenomic datasets via multi-omics analysis provides the opportunity to derive a deeper and holistic understanding of the development and progression of cancer. There are two primary approaches to integrating multi-omics data: multi-staged (focused on identifying genes driving cancer) and meta-dimensional (focused on establishing clinically relevant tumour or sample classifications). A number of ready-to-use bioinformatics tools are available to perform both multi-staged and meta-dimensional integration of multi-omics data. In this study, we compared nine different integration tools using real and simulated cancer datasets. The performance of the multi-staged integration tools were assessed at the gene, function and pathway levels, while meta-dimensional integration tools were assessed based on the sample classification performance. Additionally, we discuss the influence of factors such as data representation, sample size, signal and noise on multi-omics data integration. Our results provide current and much needed guidance regarding selection and use of the most appropriate and best performing multi-omics integration tools.
Systematic evaluation of differential splicing tools for RNA-seq studies
Authors: Mehmood Arfa , Laiho Asta , Venäläinen Mikko S , McGlinchey Aidan J , Wang Ning , Elo Laura L 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Differential splicing (DS) is a post-transcriptional biological process with critical, wide-ranging effects on a plethora of cellular activities and disease processes. To date, a number of computational approaches have been developed to identify and quantify differentially spliced genes from RNA-seq data, but a comprehensive intercomparison and appraisal of these approaches is currently lacking. In this study, we systematically evaluated 10 DS analysis tools for consistency and reproducibility, precision, recall and false discovery rate, agreement upon reported differentially spliced genes and functional enrichment. The tools were selected to represent the three different methodological categories: exon-based (DEXSeq, edgeR, JunctionSeq, limma), isoform-based (cuffdiff2, DiffSplice) and event-based methods (dSpliceType, MAJIQ, rMATS, SUPPA). Overall, all the exon-based methods and two event-based methods (MAJIQ and rMATS) scored well on the selected measures. Of the 10 tools tested, the exon-based methods performed generally better than the isoform-based and event-based methods. However, overall, the different data analysis tools performed strikingly differently across different data sets or numbers of samples.