bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wine polyphenol oxidation mechanism and the effects on wine quality: A review
Authors: Bai Xuebing , Chen Xinlong , Li Xiaohan , Tan Fangdai , Sam Faisal Eudes , Tao Yongsheng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOver the last few decades, there has been considerable interest in studying wine oxidation. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview and analysis of the molecular changes caused by oxidation in wine and how they affect wine quality. Simultaneously, the recent advancements in understanding the molecular pathways involved in wine oxidation are also discussed. The paper first explores the process of oxygen dissolution and the complex transformations that occur in polyphenols during oxidation. It then reviews the current methods of micro‐oxidation (MOX) and over‐oxidation (OOX). Subsequently, it introduces oxidation kinetics, and controls indexes for the degree of oxidation and the underlying principles. Additionally, it discusses the effects of oxidation on the sensory qualities of wine and analyzes the interrelationships between oxidation, functional components, and drinkability. The comprehensive review of the literature shows that OOX leads to the rapid depletion of polyphenols, reducing the overall antioxidant capacity of the wine and affecting its appearance and flavor. In contrast, MOX promotes a balanced matrix and enhances the complexity of the aroma. Polyphenols, particularly resveratrol, can interact with reactive oxygen species or activate endogenous defense mechanisms to mitigate diseases risks. However, the presence of oxygen can activate the antioxidant mechanism of resveratrol, resulting in decreased content and a diminished anti‐disease effect. Despite this, a clear distinction between OOX and MOX has not been established. Future research should focus on identifying and defining precise oxidation levels using control indexes for the degree of oxidation.
Development and validation of a renal involvement model for patients with hyperuricemia: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Chen Fangfang , Du Xingchen , Zhao Li , Wan Weiguo , Zou Hejian , Yu Xue 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo construct a prediction model for renal involvement in patients with hyperuricemia (HUA) based on logistic regression analysis, to achieve early risk stratification.MethodIn this cross‐sectional study, we collected data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), and constructed a predicted model for renal involvement in HUA patients. The discriminative ability of the model was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Model accuracy was evaluated using the Hosmer‐Lemeshow test and calibration curve, while clinical utility was assessed using decision curve analysis (DCA). Furthermore, internal and external validation cohorts were also applied to validate the model.ResultsA total of 1669 patients from NHANES between 2007 and 2010 were included in the final analysis for modeling and validation. Six predictive factors including age, Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP), Cr, Uric Acid (UA), and sex were identified by binary logistic regression analysis for renal involvement in HUA patients and used to construct a nomogram with good consistency and accuracy. The AUC values for the predictive model, internal validation, and external validation were 0.881 (95% CI: 0.836–0.926), 0.908 (95% CI: 0.871–0.944), and 0.927 (95% CI: 0.897–0.957), respectively. The calibration curves demonstrated consistency between the nomogram and observed values. The DCA curves of the model and validation cohort indicated good clinical utility.ConclusionThis study developed a predictive model for renal involvement in hyperuricemia patients with strong predictive performance and validated by internal and external cohorts, aiding in the early detection of high‐risk populations for renal involvement.
Basic income in crisis? (Hard) lessons from the pandemic
Authors: De Wispelaere Jurgen , Chrisp Joe , Morales Leticia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis short paper reflects on the key lessons we can learn from the political debate around and policy experimentation with (emergency) basic income schemes in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic. While the pandemic crisis initially seems to have opened up a policy window for introducing a basic income as a crisis instrument, theoretical arguments and empirical observations strongly suggest the reliance of some basic income advocates on crisis events, such as the pandemic, to push forward their policy ideas involves wishful thinking rather than political reality. A feasible roadmap towards introducing basic income requires the hard work of raising public awareness, constructing broad constituencies, and building robust political coalitions rather than waiting for the next crisis to come around the corner.
Probenecid as a pharmacotherapy for alcohol use disorder: A randomized placebo‐controlled alcohol interaction trial
Authors: Hornbacher Rivkah , Gully Brian J. , Brown Zoe E. , Brown Joshua C. , Magill Molly , Cioe Patricia A. , Swift Robert M. , Sanna Pietro Paolo , Haass‐Koffler Carolina L. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study shows the first evidence for pannexin 1 channels as a new target to develop medications for alcohol use disorder (AUD). Due to its history of long‐term safe clinical use and preclinical evidence of reducing excessive alcohol intake in rodents, probenecid has clinical potential for AUD.MethodsWe conducted a Phase I/IIa randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover trial investigating the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of an oral dose of probenecid (2 g) when administered with alcohol (0.08 g/dL) in individuals who regularly consume alcohol to the 0.08 g/dL level (N = 35) and in individuals with mild to severe AUD. Alcohol pharmacokinetics and subjective responses were evaluated to assess potential interactions between probenecid and alcohol. Alcohol craving, inflammatory biomarkers, cognitive assessments, and hemodynamics were assessed as additional alcohol research domains. All outcomes were assessed both in the ascending and descending limb of alcohol intoxication using Generalized Estimating Equation.ResultsProbenecid did not exert any significant effect on alcohol pharmacokinetics and did not affect alcohol stimulation or sedation. Probenecid, compared to placebo, significantly decreased alcohol craving during the alcohol ascending limb. Inflammatory biomarkers, cognitive performance following alcohol ingestion, and hemodynamics were likewise not affected by probenecid administration. Analysis of sex as a biological variable revealed no differences of probenecid compared to placebo.ConclusionsTaken together, our data support the potential of probenecid for treatment of AUD and suggest that pannexin 1 channels represent a novel emerging therapeutic target for the development of new pharmacotherapies for treating AUD.
Killer Whale Predation on a Giant Manta Ray (Mobula birostris), a Sicklefin Devil Ray (Mobula tarapacana) and a Tiger Shark (Galeocerdo cuvier) in the Southwest Indian Ocean
Authors: Terrapon Maeva , Venables Stephanie K. , Lokker Anthony , Bertrand Nils , Hooker Sascha K. , Marshall Andrea D. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTKnowledge of killer whale (Orcinus orca) feeding ecology in tropical waters is scarce. In the southwest Indian Ocean, opportunistic sightings provide a valuable source of information to better understand their behaviour, diet and distribution. Here, we compile existing records of killer whale predation on elasmobranchs in the southwest Indian Ocean, including sightings of three undescribed prey species regionally: a giant manta ray (Mobula birostris), a sicklefin devil ray (Mobula tarapacana) and a tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier). Documenting such observations is important to increase knowledge on killer whale ecology in the tropics and the cascading impact they might have on prey populations.
Pregnancy Outcomes in Grand Multiparity Women With Antiphospholipid Antibodies
Authors: Zloto Keren , Steinberg Shani , Lev Shir , Yoeli‐Ullman Rakefet , Niznik Stanley , Agmon‐Levin Nancy , Ofir Keren 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveIn recent years antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) as well as antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) prevalence has demonstrated an upward trend in women during reproductive age. There is a lack of data concerning its effects on women with grand multiparity (GMP) (parity ≥5). Hence, this study aimed to assess pregnancy outcomes among GMP aPL/APS patients.Study DesignWe retrospectively assembled the births of GMP women with aPL/APS, between 2017 and 2022 in the Sheba Medical Center. We compared their deliveries with those of two control groups: (1) the “aPL/APS‐controls”—of pregnant women with aPL/APS and parity <5. (2) The “GMP‐controls”‐ parity ≥5 without aPL/APS. We examined demographics, aPL characteristics, pregnancy, and neonatal outcomes between the groups.ResultsIn total, 42 deliveries in the study group were compared to 461 deliveries in the “aPL/APS‐controls” group and 84 deliveries of the “GMP‐controls.” Most parameters were similar across groups. However, the study group had a higher rate of obstetric APS diagnosis (64.64% vs. 83.33%, p < 0.01) and showed significant differences such as older maternal age, higher BMI, more polyhydramnios cases, and larger babies compared to controls (33.91 vs. 36.19, p = 0.05; 23.2 vs. 28.89, p = 0.02; 3.68 vs. 11.9, p = 0.01; and 2.17 vs. 14.28, p < 0.01, respectively).ConclusionsOur findings reveal that perinatal outcomes in aPL/APS GMP women are comparable and not inferior to those in aPL/APS women with <5 pregnancies or in comparison to the general GMP population. The minor differences observed may all be related to GMP women's older age and higher BMI.
Polycystic ovary syndrome and gestational diabetes mellitus association to pregnancy outcomes: A national register‐based cohort study
Authors: Valdimarsdottir Ragnheidur , Vanky Eszter , Elenis Evangelia , Ahlsson Fredrik , Lindström Linda , Junus Katja , Wikström Anna‐Karin , Poromaa Inger Sundström 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionIt is well known that both women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have increased risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes, but little is known whether the combination of these two conditions exacerbates the risks. We explored risk estimates for adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with either PCOS or GDM and the combination of both PCOS and GDM.Material and MethodsNationwide register‐based historical cohort study in Sweden including women who gave birth to singleton infants during 1997–2015 (N = 281 806). The risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes were estimated for women exposed for PCOS‐only (n = 40 272), GDM‐only (n = 2236), both PCOS and GDM (n = 1036) using multivariable logistic regression analyses. Risks were expressed as odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and adjusted for maternal characteristics, including maternal BMI. Women with neither PCOS nor GDM served as control group. Maternal outcomes were gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, postpartum hemorrhage, and obstetric anal sphincter injury. Neonatal outcomes were preterm birth, stillbirth, shoulder dystocia, born small or large for gestational age, macrosomia, low Apgar score, infant birth trauma, cerebral impact of the infant, neonatal hypoglycemia, meconium aspiration syndrome and respiratory distress.ResultsBased on non‐significant PCOS by GDM interaction analyses, we found no evidence that having PCOS adds any extra risk beyond that of having GDM for maternal and neonatal outcomes. For example, the adjusted odds ratio for preeclampsia in women with PCOS‐only were 1.18 (95% CI 1.11–1.26), for GDM‐only 1.77 (95% CI 1.45–2.15), and for women with PCOS and GDM 1.86 (95% CI 1.46–2.36). Corresponding adjusted odds ratio for preterm birth in women with PCOS‐only were 1.34 (95% CI 1.28–1.41), GDM‐only 1.64 (95% CI 1.39–1.93), and for women with PCOS and GDM 2.08 (95% CI 1.67–2.58). Women with PCOS had an increased risk of stillbirth compared with the control group (aOR 1.52, 95% CI 1.29–1.80), whereas no increased risk was noted in women with GDM (aOR 0.58, 95% CI 0.24–1.39).ConclusionsThe combination of PCOS and GDM adds no extra risk beyond that of having GDM alone, for a number of maternal and neonatal outcomes. Nevertheless, PCOS is still an unrecognized risk factor in pregnancy, exemplified by the increased risk of stillbirth.
Diverse methodologies of care: Thinking with and practising (soil) in situated, affective and enactive ways
Authors: Sharp Emma L. , Yee Kenzi , Makey Leane , Fisher Karen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis research article outlines a provocation for diverse and experimentally open, situated approaches to exploring care and caring. The diversely positioned authors discuss this idea using the subject of soil, in the place and context of Aotearoa New Zealand. Little is known about the diversity of ways that everyday people value, or, have caring relationships for/with soil, among a plethora of research that positions soil ‘care’ around, for example, commercial food production, waste‐sinking, or property land value. To study diverse care in relation to soil, as with many relational subjects, requires equivalent diversity in the ways in which we might explore it. Here we outline the basis for diverse, situated methodologies that necessarily lead to a diversity of methods. This paper looks at the methodological imperatives that lead to exploring care, and discusses a variety of methods that generate different forms of ‘data’ with different forms of representation of that care. We observe that to holistically observe care relations with soil requires a diversity of methodologies, inherently ontological and epistemological – worldmaking. We discuss situated and enactive, affective approaches of Kaupapa Māori enquiry, monitoring and arts‐based approaches to ‘measure’ soil care taking place, in place, and contextualise this with our own author positionality. We discuss this suite of experimental, reflexive, affective and responsive ways to measure soil care that are contingent on that being cared about, for, with and by, and which reciprocally give care.
Study longer or study effectively? Better study strategies can compensate for less study time and predict goal achievement and lower negative affect
Authors: Theobald Maria 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsThe hypothesis that study strategies can compensate for less study time in predicting learning outcomes has often been proposed but rarely tested empirically.MethodsIn the present study, 231 university students reported their daily perceived time spent on self‐study, study strategies (planning, monitoring, concentration and procrastination) and goal achievement over a 30 days period.Results and ConclusionResults showed that both more overall perceived study time and better study strategies (better planning, monitoring, and concentration, less procrastination) predicted higher goal achievement at the end of the day. In addition, perceived study time and study strategies interactively predicted goal achievement. When students reported better planning, monitoring and concentration as well as lower procrastination, less time was needed to achieve a high goal level compared to days on which they studied less strategically. In other words, when students studied less strategically, they had to invest more time to reach a higher goal level. In addition, perceived study time and study strategies were related to students' negative affect. Negative affect was particularly high when students studied for many hours with low concentration, and it was particularly low when students studied for only a few hours and procrastinated less. Taken together, the results suggest a compensatory effect of study time and study strategies on daily goal achievement and affect, highlighting the need to teach students effective study strategies.
The impact of a multidisciplinary team approach on the management of patients diagnosed with complex colorectal polyps
Authors: Westwood Clare , Beaton David , Beintaris Iosif , Jacob John , Etherson Kevin , Ranjan Ravi , Rutter Matthew D. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimLarge nonpedunculated colorectal polyps (LNPCPs) have a greater than average risk of malignancy, incomplete resection/recurrence and complications associated with treatment. Appropriate management of these lesions is crucial to prevent cancer and reduce harm. The British Society of Gastroenterologists (BSG) and the Association of Coloproctologists of Great Britain and Ireland (ACPGBI) published guidelines for the management of LNPCPs in 2015. The aim of this work was to evaluate the case mix and outcomes from a single centre's multidisciplinary approach to managing such lesions against the key performance indicators (KPIs) set within these national guidelines.MethodCohort study from a single centre over a 2‐year period, January 2020 to December 2022.ResultsAfter exclusions, a total of 229 cases were discussed. Most complex polyps were treated endoscopically, with conservative management recommended in 22 cases where patients had significant comorbidities and were unlikely to benefit from therapy. The overall surgical intervention rate (including transanal endoscopic microsurgery/per anal excision) was 14%. Of the cases treated endoscopically, there was residual polyp detected in 3.9% at 12‐months’ follow‐up. Complications were rare. There was a single case of perforation following endoscopic submucosal dissection and no significant postprocedure bleeds. There were no perforations following endoscopic mucosal resection, although postpolypectomy bleeding requiring admission occurred in 4%. Sixty‐eight per cent of patients were treated within 56 days of multidisciplinary team (MDT) discussion, despite the timeframe being within a period of huge disruption due to the global COVID pandemic. KPI standards published by the BSG were therefore met.ConclusionMDT management of complex polyps (LNPCPs) is effective and meets the standards set by national guidance. Patient outcomes following treatment for complex polypectomy are improved when the most appropriate procedure is performed by the most appropriate operator. Discussion at a complex polyp MDT can facilitate this approach.
Vibrations from the crypt: Investigating the possibility of vibrational communication in burying beetles
Authors: Conrad Taina , Roberts Louise , Steiger Sandra , Ringlein Marie 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCommunication is fundamental in the animal kingdom, essential to interactions such as mating, defense, and parental care. Vibrational communication has often been overlooked in the past, but in recent decades, it has become clear that insects use substrate vibrations as a communication signal. In burying beetles of the genus Nicrophorus, which are known for their biparental brood care, both parents stridulate. Spending a considerable period of their lives underground, it is very likely the beetles utilize vibrations as part of their communication system. As playback experiments are challenging with this species, this study looked at the physical propagation of the signal of Nicrophorus vespilloides Herbst (Coleoptera: Siliphidae) through three soil types, as well as behavior, to see whether vibrational communication is possible. The aims were to determine: (1) whether the soils used in the laboratory compare to soil from the field, (2) whether the distance of propagation is enough for the range the beetles cover during brood care, (3) whether the two sexes show a difference in stridulation likelihood, (4) whether propagation of defensive signals differs from brood care signals, and (5) whether we can determine a behavior during stridulations that shows a clear and useable reaction to the signal. We manipulated beetles to induce stridulation and then used laser Doppler vibrometers to record the signals using three substrates and various distances, alongside behavioral observations. We showed that the three substrates tested, peat, coconut coir, and forest soil, displayed differences in terms of vibrational propagation, and that burying beetle stridulation signals can be transmitted up to about 25 cm in the soil. We also showed that the location where the animals stridulate exerts a significant influence on the total duration and number of stridulations. Overall, vibrational communication is in principle conceivable in this species, as the signals are transmitted far enough in the natural substrate to allow complex communication, opening possibilities for vibrational communication during this biparental brood care.
The Impact of Microbial Interactions on Ecosystem Function Intensifies Under Stress
Authors: Bertolet Brittni L. , Rodriguez Luciana Chavez , Murúa José M. , Favela Alonso , Allison Steven D. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTA major challenge in ecology is to understand how different species interact to determine ecosystem function, particularly in communities with large numbers of co‐occurring species. We use a trait‐based model of microbial litter decomposition to quantify how different taxa impact ecosystem function. Furthermore, we build a novel framework that highlights the interplay between taxon traits and environmental conditions, focusing on their combined influence on community interactions and ecosystem function. Our results suggest that the ecosystem impact of a taxon is driven by its resource acquisition traits and the community functional capacity, but that physiological stress amplifies the impact of both positive and negative interactions. Furthermore, net positive impacts on ecosystem function can arise even as microbes have negative pairwise interactions with other taxa. As communities shift in response to global climate change, our findings reveal the potential to predict the biogeochemical functioning of communities from taxon traits and interactions.
Mrc1Claspin is essential for heterochromatin maintenance in Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Authors: Kawakami Kei , Ueno Yukari , Hayama Nao , Tanaka Katsunori 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn eukaryotes, maintenance of heterochromatin structure that represses gene expression during cell proliferation is essential for guaranteeing cell identity. However, how heterochromatin is maintained and transmitted to the daughter cells remains elusive. In this study, we constructed a reporter system to study the maintenance of heterochromatin in the subtelomeric region of the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe. We demonstrated that once subtelomeric heterochromatin was established, it tended to be maintained as a metastable structure through cell proliferation. Using this system, we screened an S. pombe genome‐wide gene deletion library for subtelomeric heterochromatin maintenance factors and identified 57 genes related to various cellular processes, in addition to well‐characterized heterochromatin factors. We focused on Mrc1Claspin, a mediator of DNA replication checkpoint. We found that Mrc1 maintains heterochromatin structure not only at the subtelomeres but also at the pericentromeres and mating‐type regions. Furthermore, we showed that Mrc1 is required for the localization of Snf2/Hdac‐containing Repressor Complex (SHREC) and the maintenance of hypoacetylation state of histone H3K14. This study complements the recent discoveries that Mrc1 functions as a histone H3‐H4 chaperone in heterochromatin maintenance.