bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intrinsic metal-support interactions break the activity-stability dilemma in electrocatalysis
Authors: Lv Ruitao , Zhou Lingxi , Yang Menghao , Liu Yihong , Kang Feiyu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Electrocatalysis plays a central role in clean energy conversion and sustainable technologies. However, the trade-off between activity and stability of electrocatalysts significantly hinders their practical applications, notably in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) for producing hydrogen and solar fuels. Here we report a steam-assisted synthesis armed with machine learning screening of an integrated ruthenium-titanium-manganese electrode, featuring intrinsic metal-support interactions. These atomic-scale interactions with self-healing capabilities radically address the activity-stability dilemma across all pH levels. Consequently, our electrode achieved high mass activities, 48.5, 112.8 and 74.6 times those of benchmark ruthenium oxides in acidic, neutral and alkaline conditions, respectively; and stable operation for up to 3,000 hours, a multi-fold improvement in stability over the reported advanced catalysts. The breakthrough in activity-stability limitations highlights the potential of intrinsic metal-support interactions for enhancing electrolysis and other heterogeneous catalysis.
Improving the Supercapacitance Performance of V 2 O 5 Interconnected Al 2 O 3 Composite Electrode for Energy Storage Application
Authors: Vijayakumar P. , Gomathi A , Sivakumar P. , Maadeswaran P. , Sethupathi N. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Designing and synthesizing of transition metal oxide complex nanostructures were involving a high-capacity electrodes for energy storage applications. In this research work, we have systematically synthesised the V2O5/Al2O3 composite electrode which is evaluated the charge storage activities in an aqueous system to confirmed the supercapacitor properties. Further, the obtained composite electrode was estimated by various physico-chemical techniques. The XRD pattern, FE-SEM, TEM images and BET analysis were confirms orthorhombic crystalline structure of V2O5/Al2O3 as mixed crystalline in phase and good formation of the composite electrode with remarkable porous properties. The charge storage activities of this composite electrode were evaluated via three-electrode system in 1 M KOH electrolyte solution. As output result, the V2O5/Al2O3 composite electrode achieved the 746.6 F g− 1 at the current density value of 1 A g− 1. Interestingly, the electrode was attained the 87.4% stability retention in 3000 cycles. These acceptable electrochemical performances are ascribed to the synergistic effect metal oxides, which is coexistence of various electronic states of this V2O5/Al2O3 composite.
Regime switching forecasting for cryptocurrencies
Authors: ZUO Xiaorui , Agakishiev Ilyas , Härdle Wolfgang , Becker Denis 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

There are many ways to model complex time series. The simplest approach is to increase the complexity, and thus, the flexibility of the model, for the entire time series. As an example, one could use a neural network. Another solution would be to change the parameters of a model dependent on the "state" or "regime" of the time series. A typical example here would be the Hidden Markov model (HMM). This paper combines the two concepts to create a Reinforcement Learning (RL) model that adds variables that depend on the state of the time series. To test the concept, the RL model is used with cryptocurrency data to determine the share to invest into the cryptocurrency index CRIX in order to maximize wealth. The results have shown that cryptocurrency metadata is useful as supplementary data for analysis of the respective prices. The Reinforcement learning model with regimes shows potential for investment management, but comes with some caveats.
Giant Cardiac Hemangioma: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: COUTINHO HENRIQUE , Kikuta Gustavo , Filgueiras Marcos , Wajsbrot Bruno , Muñoz Juan , Zurita Paolo , Jazbik Pedro , de Paiva Heitor Caramurú , Rodrigues Fabiana , Rainho André , Coutinho Joaquim Henrique 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Primary cardiac tumors are extremely rare, posing significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Among them, cardiac hemangiomas are particularly uncommon, constituting only a small percentage of benign heart tumors. Although benign, their unpredictable behavior and potential compression of adjacent cardiac structures can lead to significant complications. This study reports a rare case of a giant cardiac hemangioma, along with a comprehensive literature review.
Case Report: A 58-year-old female patient presented with progressive abdominal pain and dyspnea. Imaging studies revealed a heterogeneous mass within the pericardial sac. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed a lesion measuring 119 x 117 x 67 mm without apparent invasion of the cardiac wall. The patient underwent complete surgical resection of the tumor, with a satisfactory postoperative recovery. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of a giant cavernous hemangioma.
Discussion: The literature review highlights the rarity of cardiac hemangiomas and the importance of complete resection to ensure a favorable prognosis. A multidisciplinary approach, combined with the use of advanced imaging modalities, is essential for accurate diagnosis and appropriate surgical planning.
Conclusion: Effective management of giant cardiac hemangiomas requires an integrated approach among various specialties, aimed at early diagnosis and complete resection. Long-term follow-up is necessary to detect potential recurrences.
Improved Accuracy of PCG Signal Classification for Myocardial Infarction Biomarker Using Automatic Feature Selection and Boosting Process
Authors: Puspasari Ira , Watanabe Nobuo , Ohwada Masahiro , Ahmadi Nur , Pramudyo Miftah , Setiawan Agung W. , Mengko Tati L. R. , Adiono Trio 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Myocardial Infarction (MI) is a leading cause of death worldwide. Traditional MI diagnosis relies on clinical evaluation, Electrocardiogram (ECG) findings, cardiac biomarkers, and imaging studies. This study introduces an innovative approach by applying machine learning to phonocardiogram (PCG) data, aiming to differentiate between normal, segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Building upon previous research where a bagging method achieved 86% accuracy, this study enhances predictive performance using advanced boosting algorithms such as AdaBoost and Gradient Boosting. Our model, tested on 104 subjects of Indonesian and Japanese origin, utilized 18 extracted features with a mutual information value of 0.821 bits, demonstrating their high relevance. AdaBoost and Gradient Boosting achieved 88.3% and 93% accuracy without parameter tuning, respectively. With parameter tuning, these methods further improved, with AdaBoost reaching 94% accuracy and sensitivity, while Gradient Boosting achieved an accuracy of 98.3% and a sensitivity of 95%. These results highlight the model’s potential to revolutionize MI diagnosis using PCGs, showcasing the efficacy of machine learning in enhancing clinical decision-making and improving patient outcomes.
Intelligent Monitoring and Fuzzy control of MIG welding seam tracking based on Passive visual Sensing
Authors: Zhu Ming , Zhu Ming , Ma Qingsong , Lei Runji , Weng Jun , Shi Yu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

To reduce the risk of personnel operation and further improve welding efficiency, weld seam tracking in MIG welding process arc has to be developed for automatic manufacturing. Weld seam tracking system mainly contains intelligent monitoring and fuzzy control. For monitoring part, an optical testing platform and a passive visual detecting device are established to analyze groove and arc position. Also preprocessing workflow and adaptive enhancement algorithm are built to increase image gray values. Deep learning program is used to select and locate interest area to improve the accuracy of detection. The arc position calculation model is also proposed to extract geographic location. For control part, based on welder's operation skills, fuzzy logic rules are programmed to control the arc position at the middle of gap. Also control experiments are carried out and compared with manual adjustment. Results show that: (1) with preprocessing workflow and adaptive enhancement algorithm, the average gray value of the groove area and the arc area increased by 114% and 100%;(2) by using deep learning, the interest area, which contains information of groove shape and oscillating arc position and could be selected accurately, and the mAP index is as high as 99.27%. (3) based on the preset deviation test, the pixel error of the alignment deviation detection is within 8 pixels. And with the alignment deviation, distance can be controlled between ± 0.5 mm.
Efficacy and Safety of Intravitreal rAAV2-ND4 Therapy for Leber’s Hereditary Optic Neuropathy
Authors: Wei Wenbin , Jiang Libin , Guo Sitong , Li Bin , Xiao Su , Wang Fei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background:
This study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of a rAAV2 carrying normal ND4 (rAAV2-ND4) (NR082) in individuals with visual loss due to LHON carrying the m.11778G > A mutation. Additionally, it aimed to determine a safe dose of NR082 for intravitreal injection.
Methods:
This is a single-arm, open-label, dose-finding clinical trial. A total of 12 participants with the m.11778G > A mitochondrial DNA mutation and vision loss exceeding 6 months in both eyes were enrolled in this trial. The participants received NR082 by unilateral intravitreal injections. 6 participants were received 1.5*109 vg, 0.05mL (Group I), and 6 participants received 4.5*109 vg, 0.05mL (Group II) and were followed for 52 weeks and underwent ocular and systemic safety assessments, with visual structure and function examinations.
Results
In Group I, baseline best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in injected eyes improved from 1.86 ± 0.36 LogMAR at baseline to 1.59 ± 0.10 LogMAR at week 52 post intravitreal rAAV2-ND4. In Group II, baseline BCVA was 2.15 ± 0.23 LogMAR, improving to 1.92 ± 0.32 LogMAR at week 52. Two eyes in Group I and four eyes in Group II showed significant improvement after 52 week. No serious ocular or systemic adverse events or dose-limiting toxicity were reported. Adverse events possibly related to treatment included uveitis, subconjunctival hemorrhage, vitreous opacity and keratic precipitates.
Conclusion
This phase 1/2 trial in LHON demonstrated no serious safety concerns in the 12 participants. Further follow-up of these and additional participants is required to confirm these findings.
Elucidating the Role of Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation in Hepatocellular carcinoma: From Single-Cell Analysis to Prognostic Biomarkers
Authors: Luo Rui , Lei Wenjie , Wang Xiaohong , Shi Xiaomin , Peng Jieyu , Chen Qi , Li Shiqi , Zhang Wei , Shi Lei , Peng Yan , Huang Shu , Tang Xiaowei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
The function of liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still elusive. We aimed to explore the predictive value and immuno-therapeutic responses of LLPS-related signature (LLPSRS) in HCC.
Methods
In our study, we delved into the characteristics of LLPS at multiple omics levels. By utilizing single-cell and transcriptome analysis, we applied the lasso-cox to identify LLPSRS. In order to enhance the practicality of LLPSRS, we established and externally validated a LLPSRS nomogram, providing a quantitative prognostic tool for HCC patients. Furthermore, we investigated the mechanism of LLPSRS according to transcriptome, genomic, and single-cell levels, revealing important connections between LLPSRS, HCC prognosis, and immune landscape. Finally, we examined the different responses of the risk subgroups to immune checkpoint inhibitors and their sensitivity to major LLPSRS targeted drugs.
Results
Using TCGA data and LASSO-COX regression analysis, A risk-predictive scoring model for 9 LLPSRS was developed. The high-risk group exhibited notably lower overall survival compared to the low-risk group. High AUC values from time-dependent ROC curves demonstrated the model's robust performance. A nomogram that integrated the risk score and clinical features showed excellent prognostic ability. GO and KEGG analyses identified the potential pathways of the gene signature. The LLPSRS signature's associations with clinicopathological characteristics, tumor microenvironment, immunotherapy response, and chemotherapy sensitivity underscored its significant clinical relevance.
Conclusion
This model accurately predicts the outcomes of HCC patients and uncovers the potential mechanisms of LLPSRS in HCC, and paves the new avenues for personalized treatment and immuno-therapy development.
Estimating the decadal-scale climate predictability limit using optimal local dynamic analogues
Authors: Li Ruize , Li Jianping , Hou Zhaolu , Sun Ruipeng , Zhen Shixin , Song Houbin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Accurately estimating decadal predictability limits (PLs) is essential for advancing long-term climate predictions and understanding decadal-scale variability. This study combines the optimal local dynamic analog (OLDA) algorithm with the nonlinear local Lyapunov exponent (NLLE) method to estimate decadal PLs of oceanic and atmospheric variables, using long-term reanalysis datasets. Results demonstrate that the OLDA algorithm can enhance identification of analog states and improve PL estimation. The decadal PLs of sea surface temperature (SST) show regional and seasonal differences, with zonal mean values ranging from 8 to 17 years, and higher values in boreal summer and autumn, especially in the Northern Hemisphere and Southern Ocean. Sea level pressure (SLP) decadal PLs range from 8 to 11 years, exhibiting patchy distribution and seasonal variation. The global mean PL of SLP reaches about 10 years in boreal spring and 9 years in other seasons. SLP and SST PL distributions differ across seasons, reflecting the complexity of ocean-atmosphere interactions. Decadal PLs of major climate modes were also estimated, e.g., decadal PL of the SST Inter-Hemispheric Dipole (SSTID) is ~ 17 years, Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) ~ 14 years, Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) ~ 13 years, North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) ~ 16 years, Northern Hemisphere Annular Mode (NAM) ~ 11 years, and Southern Hemisphere Annular Mode (SAM) ~ 15 years. These modes display distinct predictability patterns and seasonal variations, highlighting their unique roles in regional climate dynamics. These findings enhance our understanding of decadal-scale predictability.
Experimental Study on the Shear Strength and Durability of Microbial-Consolidated Silty Sand under Low pH Conditions
Authors: Cui Guangqin , Zhang Hang , Ma Chenguang , Zhang Xiaoli , Shao Hong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Addressing the issue of uneven distribution of calcium carbonate during soil solidification using Microbial Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP) technology, an experimental study was conducted on the distribution of calcium carbonate in microbial-solidified soil samples using a low-pH single-phase grouting method. Through orthogonal experiments, the optimal culture conditions were determined as follows: pH = 3, OD600 = 4, and CS = 2 mol/L. Based on this optimal grouting scheme, the distribution of calcium carbonate in microbial-solidified soil samples, as well as the changes in sample strength and durability, were investigated. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) tests were also conducted to observe the microstructure characteristics of the solidified samples. The results indicate that the low-pH single-phase grouting method contributes to promoting a more uniform distribution of calcium carbonate during the microbial reaction process. Compared to the two-phase grouting method, the internal friction angle of samples solidified using the low-pH single-phase grouting method increased by 17.9%, and the cohesive force increased by 46.3%. In immersion tests, the final mass loss rate of samples solidified with the low-pH single-phase grouting method decreased by 16.13%, and the strength loss decreased by 21.1%. In dry-wet cycling tests, the final mass loss rate of samples solidified with the low-pH single-phase grouting method decreased by 13.8%, and the strength loss decreased by 16.9%.
Traditional Chinese medicine treatment based on inflammation regulation of ischemic stroke alternative therapy
Authors: Li Menghan , Ran Dawei , Zhang Yuan , Yang Xinming , ding ran , Wang Yu , Song Xiaoli , Zhu qian , Li guiping , Li Linhui 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Stroke is the main cause of disability and cognitive impairment. The acute phase of stroke lasts for about 7 days, which is characterized by the infiltration of immune cells into the brain parenchyma, the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and the promotion of classical activation of these cells. The infiltration of inflammatory cells greatly increased the infarct size and neurological deficits in ischemic stroke model mice, exacerbating neurological dysfunction.
Patients and methods:
An inflammation-related disease model was established in the stroke disease cohort to classify disease inflammation and evaluate biomarkers. The predictive value of inflammation labels in stroke has also been further verified in multiple stroke disease cohorts. Through machine learning methods, we also identified the core targets of stroke-related inflammation and disease inflammation classification.
Results
In this study, the genes collected from previous studies were defined as stroke inflammatory markers. In stroke patients, two inflammatory-related subtypes were identified for which immune characteristics and pathological mechanism stratification were significantly different
Conclusion
We used machine learning to explore the relationship between inflammation-related genes and immune microenvironment in stroke patients. Through machine learning, we identified eight core genes (NRBP1, SIRT1, BDNF, MAPK3, CREB1, CXCL2, IL10RA, CCL20) for the first time. Subsequently, based on these genes, we divided the stroke patient samples into two clusters, and clarified the significant immune-related differences between stroke patients in different clusters.
The value of CA199 and MRI features in the preoperative differential diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in periampullary carcinoma.
Authors: Zhao Peng-Ju , Li Zhi-Yu , Bi Xin-Yu , Zhang Ye-Fan , Xu Bo-Wen , Wei Zhi-Cheng , Ye Feng , Chang Jian-Ping 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose: To explore the value of laboratory serum markers and magnetic resonance imaging（MRI）features in the preoperative differential diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in periampullary carcinoma (PAC).
Methods: A retrospective analysis of clinical data from 105 PAC patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy, including 33 cases of PDAC (observation group) and 72 cases of non-PDAC (control group),with 25 cases of ampullary cancer, 38 cases of distal bile duct cancer, and 9 cases of periampullary duodenal cancer, was conducted. Laboratory serum markers, MRI features, and pathological diagnosis data were compared between the two groups to analyze the value of laboratory serum markers and MRI features for differential diagnosis of PDAC within PAC.
Results: Compared to the control group, the observation group had higher proportions in total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, carcinoembryonic antigen（CEA）, carbohydrate antigen 199（CA199), quadruple duct sign, biliopancreatic junction angle, main pancreatic duct diameter, pancreatic head side branch duct dilatation, and hypovascular mass in pancreatic head, consistency of imaging and pathology diagnosis, nerve invasion (p<0.05). But the common bile duct diameter is smaller in the observation group (p<0.05). The sensitivities of CA199, main pancreatic duct diameter, dilatation of the accessory pancreatic duct in the head, and focal hypovascular mass in PDAC within PAC are 53.8%, 51%, 84.6%, and 81.1%, respectively; the specificities are 81.8%, 87%, 86.1%, and 95.6%, respectively; and the areas under the ROC curve are 0.74, 0.749, 0.806, and 0.906, respectively.
Conclusion: In the preoperative diagnosis of PAC, CA199, main pancreatic duct diameter, focal hypovascular mass in the pancreatic head, and dilatation of the accessory pancreatic duct are effective indicators for distinguishing PDAC.
Comparing the maternal and neonatal outcomes in vaccinated and unvaccinated pregnant women against COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Gholami Zahra , Mohseni Maryam , Nasab Pouran Allahbakhshi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
After the emergence of the COVID-19 disease due to the limited number of studies on vaccination of pregnant mothers and the fact that the vaccine used in Iran has been different from the ones employed in other countries, this study aimed to compare maternal and neonatal outcomes in vaccinated and unvaccinated women against COVID-19.
Methods
This retrospective cohort study was done in the comprehensive healthcare centers of Rafsanjan city. First, the contact information of expectant mothers who were pregnant from 22th June 2021 to 22th December 2021 was extracted using Iran's integrated health care system (SIB); then during a phone call, the required information in was registered in a checklist. Out of 969 pregnant women, after checking the inclusion and exclusion criteria, only 610 subjects were included in the study. Out of this number, 330 had not been vaccinated, while the rest had received inactivated COVID-19 vaccine before or during pregnancy. The maternal and neonatal outcomes were compared between vaccinated and unvaccinated women. The data were analyzed using SPSS 26 software and one-way analysis of variance (One-way ANOVA), Tukey multiple comparison, Fisher's exact test or Chi-square test, and multiple logistic regression.
Results
The results of this study revealed that vaccination against COVID-19 in pregnant women significantly increased the probability of jaundice in the neonate (P < 0.05), but the miscarriage rate in these women was significantly lower (P < 0.05). No adverse outcomes were observed such as high blood pressure, gestational diabetes, maternal hospitalization, maternal infection with COVID-19, premature delivery, premature rupture of the amniotic sac, perinatal death, admission to the neonatal intensive care unit, and low birth weight.
Conclusions
COVID-19 vaccination among pregnant women is recommended to prevent from adverse neonatal and maternal outcomes.