bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of homogeneous‐heterogeneous reactions in a hybrid nanoliquid flow due to porous medium
Authors: Ramesh G. K. , Manjunatha S. , Gireesha B. J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractChemical responses are investigated as a piece of the modern applications like hydrometallurgical industry, food processing, and polymer production. Numerous chemical responding structures consolidate homogeneous and heterogeneous response and it is especially eccentric. Hence, this paper explains how the hybrid nanoliquid flow is handy in accelerate the thermochemical possessions of the base fluid in existence of homogeneous‐heterogeneous reactions. Here, three different types of hybrid nanoliquid used are copper‐Al2O
3/water, silver‐Al
2O
3/water, and gold‐Al
2O
3/water. Outcoming differential systems are resolved numerically by adopting fourth‐order and fifth‐order Runge‐Kutta‐Fehlberg method. To get better view of the topic, the flow field, temperature behavior, and concentration curves are investigated for particular estimations of critical elements. The results predict that gold‐Al
2O
3/water nanoliquid has good impact of heat rate coefficient and further porosity parameter decelerates the velocity and accelerates the temperature of the hybrid nanofluid.
Self‐assembled core‐shell structured organic nanofibers fabricated by single‐nozzle electrospinning for highly sensitive ammonia sensors
Authors: Liu Dapeng , Shi Qianqian , Jin Shu , Shao Yinlin , Huang Jia 
Published: August 2019

AbstractElectrospinning is a unique method to prepare 1‐dimentional nanofiber for large‐scale manufacturing. Here in, we demonstrated chemical sensors based on the semiconducting nanofibers with core‐shell structure by simple single‐nozzle electrospinning with the spontaneous phase separation. The core‐shell structure nanofiber has large active sites which make it highly sensitive to chemical analytes. The thickness of the sensing shell can be tuned by controlling the mass ratio of core and shell components. As a demonstration, the nanofiber‐based sensor exhibits high sensitivity to low‐concentration ammonia (ppb level), as well as stability and reversibility. This unique fast single‐nozzle electrospinning technique used to fabricate semiconducting nanofibers with core‐shell structure provides a facile and designable process for the integration of multifunctional organic semiconducting layer into the organic electronic system.
The impact of exposure, relaxation, and rescripting therapy for post‐trauma nightmares on suicidal ideation
Authors: Cogan Chelsea M. , Lee Jenny Y. , Cranston Christopher C. , Pruiksma Kristi E. , Rhudy Jamie L. , Davis Joanne L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigated whether a brief psychotherapy for post‐trauma nightmares (exposure, relaxation, and rescripting therapy [ERRT]), reduced suicidal ideation (SI). We hypothesized that: (a) nightmare frequency and severity, post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and sleep quality would be related to SI at pretreatment; (b) SI would decrease from pre‐ to post‐treatment; and (c) the decrease in SI would remain after controlling for change in PTSD and depression.MethodSeventy‐five individuals exposed to a traumatic event and who experienced frequent nightmares (minimum one per week) participated in ERRT. Participants were not required to have a psychological diagnosis. Thirty percent endorsed SI at pretreatment.ResultsDepression and PTSD were related to SI at pretreatment. SI decreased following treatment; however, the third hypothesis was not supported.ConclusionResults suggest brief psychotherapy targeting post‐trauma nightmares may decrease SI. More research is necessary to determine what factors contribute to decreases in SI.
Upregulated KDM4B promotes prostate cancer cell proliferation by activating autophagy
Authors: Sha Jianjun , Han Qing , Chi Chenfei , Zhu Yinjie , Pan Jiahua , Dong Baijun , Huang Yiran , Xia Weiliang , Xue Wei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCastration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) causes most of the deaths in patients with prostate cancer (PCa). The androgen receptor (AR) axis plays an important role in castration resistance. Emerging studies showed that the lysine demethylase KDM4B is a key molecule in AR signaling and turnover, and autophagy plays an important role in CRPC. However, little is known about whether KDM4B promotes CRPC progression by regulating autophagy. Here we used an androgen‐independent LNCaP (LNCaP‐AI) cell line to assay aberrant KDM4B expression using qPCR and western blot analysis and investigated the function of KDM4B in regulating cell proliferation. We found that KDM4B was markedly increased in LNCaP‐AI cells compared with LNCaP cells. KDM4B level was significantly correlated with the Gleason score in PCa tissues. In vitro, KDM4B overexpression in CRPC cells promoted cell proliferation, whereas knockdown of KDM4B significantly inhibited cell proliferation. Upregulated KDM4B contributed to activate Wnt/β‐catenin signaling and autophagy. Moreover, KDM4B activated autophagy by regulating the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling. Finally, we demonstrated that autophagy inhibition attenuated KDM4B‐induced CRPC cell proliferation. Our results provided novel insights into the function of KDM4B‐driven CRPC development and indicated that KDM4B may be served as a potential target for CRPC therapy.
Calcium and sodium recovery from microwave‐pretreated red mud with added solid ammonium chloride
Authors: Kim Jin‐Seok , Jo Ho Young , Choi Nag‐Choul 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDMany studies have used an NH4Cl solution as a solvent during microwave‐assisted metal leaching processes. However, in this study, solid NH4Cl instead of an NH4Cl solution was used as a chlorinating agent during the microwave pretreatment of red mud to induce a rapid temperature increase by minimizing heat loss by water. Red mud only and red mud–solid NH4Cl samples were pretreated by microwaves under various conditions. Leaching tests were then conducted on the microwave‐pretreated red mud only and red mud–solid NH4Cl samples using deionized (DI) water as a leaching solution.RESULTSThe leached Ca and Na concentrations from the microwave‐pretreated red mud–solid NH4Cl samples were significantly higher than those from the microwave‐pretreated red mud only samples at the given test conditions. In contrast to the red mud only samples, the leached Ca and Na concentrations from the microwave‐pretreated red mud–solid NH4Cl samples increased with increasing microwave output power. The leached Ca and Na concentrations from the microwave‐pretreated red mud–solid NH4Cl samples at 5000 W were significantly higher than those from the microwave‐pretreated red mud–solid NH4Cl samples at 500 and 1100 W and from the non‐microwave‐pretreated red mud–solid NH4Cl samples.CONCLUSIONAdding solid NH4Cl to the red mud during the microwave pretreatment process is effective to recover Ca and Na at a microwave output power of 5000 W. The leached solutions with elevated Ca and Na concentrations from the microwave‐pretreated red mud–solid NH4Cl samples at 5000 W can be used for aqueous mineral carbonation to sequester CO2. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Attitudes of Israeli parents of children with Down syndrome toward non‐invasive prenatal screening and the scope of prenatal testing
Authors: Nov‐Klaiman Tamar , Raz Aviad E. , Hashiloni‐Dolev Yael 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDue to its early utilization and increasing ability to provide genetic information, non‐invasive prenatal screening (NIPS) has reinforced social and bioethical quandaries concerning prenatal genetics. This paper presents exploratory findings based on 20 semi‐structured interviews conducted in 2017–2019 with Israeli parents of children with Down syndrome (DS), four of whom also serving as representatives of DS organizations. Their views are presented regarding the pros and cons of NIPS; the social context of decision‐making about NIPS; and views on life with DS and termination of pregnancies on that ground. While illustrating the large heterogeneity of views concerning NIPS and prenatal diagnosis (PND) amongst parents of children with DS, our respondents commonly criticized the imbalanced information provided by professionals regarding DS, seen as sending a discriminating message in line with the public ignorance surrounding DS. These views are further discussed in the multi‐cultural, ableist and pro‐natal context of Israeli society. We conclude by offering practical implications concerning NIPS, parental autonomy, and informed choice.
Primary care physicians’ understanding and utilization of pediatric exome sequencing results
Authors: Mazzola Sarah E. , O'Connor Bridget , Yashar Beverly M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOptimizing exome sequencing (ES) utility requires effective communication and collaboration between primary care physicians (PCPs) and genetics healthcare providers (GHP). To explore how PCPs use ES results to coordinate multipart management plans for complex pediatric patients, we assessed result understanding and utilization. Twenty‐seven PCPs of pediatric patients with ES results from a genetics clinic completed a mixed methods 45‐question survey measuring perceived genetics knowledge, confidence performing genetics tasks, understanding of ES technology and results, and expectations of GHP. Quantitative and qualitative data analysis classified by ES result types generated descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, and common themes. Forty‐five‐percent of PCPs interpreted variant of uncertain significance results as diagnostic (implementing management changes and recommending familial testing). Most PCPs (85%) identified positive ES results impacts, but only 65% indicated ES was beneficial to care. The majority (74%) expected GHP and patients’ families to assume follow‐up care responsibility and future ES results re‐interpretations. Limited knowledge may be a factor, as 59% desired more patient care information from GHP. Our results suggest optimizing continuity of care and collaboration for pediatric patients with ES results requires additional communication between GHP and PCPs, along with continuing genetics education for PCPs aimed at improving genetic literacy.
Investigation of the Anti‐human Immunodeficiency Virus Activity of Heteronuclear Bis‐isatin Scaffolds Tethered through Propyl and Butyl
Authors: Zhang Longfei , Zhao Shijia , Xu Zhi , Liu Yi 
Published: August 2019

A series of novel heteronuclear bis‐isatin scaffolds 6a–j tethered through propyl and butyl were designed, synthesized to investigate the influence of the length of the linker between the two isatin motifs and substituents at the isatin framework on the anti‐human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) activity against HIV‐1IIIB (MT‐4 cells) in this paper. The synthesized heteronuclear dimers were characterized by 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and HRMS. All bis‐isatin scaffolds were active against HIV‐1IIIB with EC50 values ranging from 10.03 to 95.47 μM and also showed acceptable cytotoxicity towards MT‐4 cells. The structure–activity relationship revealed that the length of the linker has great influence on the activity, and the contribution order was butyl > propyl, demonstrating the longer linker was favorable to the activity.
Role of Inflammation and the Immune System in the Progression of Osteoarthritis
Authors: Woodell‐May Jennifer E. , Sommerfeld Sven D. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the molecular drivers and feedback loops of osteoarthritis (OA) may provide future therapeutic strategies to modulate the disease progression. The current paradigm of OA is evolving from a purely mechanical disease caused by cartilage wear toward a complex biological response connecting biomechanics, inflammation, and the immune system. The view of OA as a chronic wound highlights the role inflammation plays and also the body's attempts to repair an ongoing injury. Inflammatory signals, including cytokines such as interleukin‐1 and tissue necrosis factor α, surface‐expressed pattern recognition receptors such as toll‐like receptors 2 and 4, complement factors such as C5, as well as pathogen‐associated molecular patterns and damage‐associated molecular patterns drive the enzymatic cascade that degrades cartilage matrix in OA. Considering the joint as an entire organ, interactions between the cells that reside in the synovium including macrophages and other immune cells, appear to drive enzymatic activity in cartilage, which, in turn, feeds signals back to the synovium that continues stimulating degradation in a feed‐forward loop. This review will explore the potential roles of immune cells such as macrophages and T cells in the synovium in both stimulating and modulating the inflammatory response in OA. © 2019 Orthopedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:253‐257, 2020
Impact Optimization of 3D‐Printed Poly(methyl methacrylate) for Cranial Implants
Authors: Petersmann Sandra , Spoerk Martin , Huber Philipp , Lang Margit , Pinter Gerald , Arbeiter Florian 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMaterial extrusion‐based additive manufacturing, also known as fused filament fabrication (FFF) or 3D printing facilitates the fabrication of cranial implants with different materials and complex internal structures. The impact behavior plays a key role in the designing process of cranial implants. Therefore, the performance of impact tests on novel implant materials is of utmost importance. This research focuses on investigating the dependency of the infill density and pattern on the impact properties of 3D‐printed poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) sandwich specimens including internal rectilinear, gyroid, and 3D‐honeycomb (3D‐HC) structures. 3D‐HC structures show higher impact forces and dissipated energies as well as dynamic stiffness values compared to rectilinear and gyroid structures at the same infill density. 70% infill 3D‐HC and 100% infill rectilinear structures prove to be most promising. In addition, two different optimization techniques to further improve the impact properties of these specimens, namely a material and a topology optimization, are applied. Topology optimization shows promising results until first damage and material optimization regarding dissipated energies. However, both are not able to outperform the 3D‐HC pattern.
The martingale problem for a class of nonlocal operators of diagonal type
Authors: Chaker Jamil 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe consider systems of stochastic differential equations of the form
for with continuous, bounded and non‐degenerate coefficients. Here are independent one‐dimensional stable processes with . In this article we research on uniqueness of weak solutions to such systems by studying the corresponding martingale problem. We prove the uniqueness of weak solutions in the case of diagonal coefficient matrices.
Small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 promotes development and progression of colorectal cancer through negative regulation of miR‐137
Authors: Fu Yang , Yin Yuhan , Peng Sanfei , Yang Ge , Yu Yang , Guo Changqing , Qin Yanru , Zhang Xiefu , Xu Wen , Qin Yiyu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSmall nucleolar RNA host gene 1 (SNHG1) is critical in the progression of cancers. However, the mechanism by which SNHG1 regulates the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. Expressions of SNHG1 and miR‐137 in CRC tissues and cell lines were evaluated by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. A luciferase reporter gene assay was conducted to investigate miR‐137 target. Additionally, RNA pull‐down assay was performed to explore the physical association between miR‐137, SNHG1, and RNA induced silencing complex (RISC). Cell cycling and invasion were examined by flow cytometry (FCM) and transwell assays. The in vivo carcinogenic activity of SNHG1 was examined using murine xenograft models. Expression of RICTOR, serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT), serum and glucocorticoid‐inducible kinase 1 (SGK1), p70S6K1, and LC3II/LC3I ratio was examined by Western blot analysis. SNHG1 upregulation was observed in CRC tissues and cell lines, which was associated with the lymph node metastasis, advanced TNM stage and poorer prognosis. SNHG1 increased RICTOR level in CRC via sponging miR‐137. In addition, SNHG1 silencing inhibited CRC cell proliferation and migration in vitro and in vivo. SNHG1 regulated RICTOR expression by sponging miR‐137 and promoted tumorgenesis in CRC.
Validation of algorithmic CT image quality metrics with preferences of radiologists
Authors: Cheng Yuan , Abadi Ehsan , Smith Taylor Brunton , Ria Francesco , Meyer Mathias , Marin Daniele , Samei Ehsan 
Published: August 2019

PurposeAutomated assessment of perceptual image quality on clinical Computed Tomography (CT) data by computer algorithms has the potential to greatly facilitate data‐driven monitoring and optimization of CT image acquisition protocols. The application of these techniques in clinical operation requires the knowledge of how the output of the computer algorithms corresponds to clinical expectations. This study addressed the need to validate algorithmic image quality measurements on clinical CT images with preferences of radiologists and determine the clinically acceptable range of algorithmic measurements for abdominal CT examinations.Materials and methodsAlgorithmic measurements of image quality metrics (organ HU, noise magnitude, and clarity) were performed on a clinical CT image dataset with supplemental measures of noise power spectrum from phantom images using techniques developed previously. The algorithmic measurements were compared to clinical expectations of image quality in an observer study with seven radiologists. Sets of CT liver images were selected from the dataset where images in the same set varied in terms of one metric at a time. These sets of images were shown via a web interface to one observer at a time. First, the observer rank ordered the CT images in a set according to his/her preference for the varying metric. The observer then selected his/her preferred acceptable range of the metric within the ranked images. The agreement between algorithmic and observer rankings of image quality were investigated and the clinically acceptable image quality in terms of algorithmic measurements were determined.ResultsThe overall rank‐order agreements between algorithmic and observer assessments were 0.90, 0.98, and 1.00 for noise magnitude, liver parenchyma HU, and clarity, respectively. The results indicate a strong agreement between the algorithmic and observer assessments of image quality. Clinically acceptable thresholds (median) of algorithmic metric values were (17.8, 32.6) HU for noise magnitude, (92.1, 131.9) for liver parenchyma HU, and (0.47, 0.52) for clarity.ConclusionsThe observer study results indicated that these algorithms can robustly assess the perceptual quality of clinical CT images in an automated fashion. Clinically acceptable ranges of algorithmic measurements were determined. The correspondence of these image quality assessment algorithms to clinical expectations paves the way toward establishing diagnostic reference levels in terms of clinically acceptable perceptual image quality and data‐driven optimization of CT image acquisition protocols.
High‐resolution 13C and 43Ca solid‐state NMR and computational studies of the ethylene glycol solvate of atorvastatin calcium
Authors: Bai Shi , Quinn Caitlin M. , Holmes Sean T. , Dybowski Cecil 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe report 43Ca and 13C solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic studies of the ethylene glycol solvate of atorvastatin calcium. The 13C and 43Ca chemical shift and 43Ca quadrupolar coupling tensor parameters are reported. The results are interpreted in terms of the reported X‐ray diffraction crystal structure of the solvate and are compared with the NMR parameters of atorvastatin calcium trihydrate, the active pharmaceutical ingredient in Lipitor®. Hartree–Fock and density functional theory calculations of the NMR parameters based on a cluster model derived from the optimized X‐ray diffraction crystal structure of the ethylene glycol solvate of atorvastatin calcium are in reasonable agreement with the experimental 43Ca and 13C NMR measurables.
Labeling Calcified Structures in Young Lake Sturgeon: A Comparison of Oxytetracycline Hydrochloride, Alizarin Red S, And Calcein
Authors: Withers Jonah L. , Markley Nicholas , Davis Lori , Kehler Thomas , Sweka John 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Unlike external marks and tags, fluorochrome markers provide researchers with the opportunity to examine structural changes and they act as reference points within the calcified structures that are used to assign ages to sampled fish. To compare the efficiency and retention of fluorochrome markers, captive age-0 Lake Sturgeon, 118.49 mm TL (SD, 12.59), were exposed to four treatments: oxytetracycline hydrochloride (OTC; 0.07% for 8 h), calcein (0.5% for 4 min), alizarin red S (ARS; 0.5% for 4 min), or a control treatment. Each of these markers binds to calcium and they fluoresce yellow (OTC), green (calcein), or red (ARS) when excited by an ultraviolet (UV) light source. At 72 and 436 d following chemical exposure, the sagittal otoliths, leading pectoral fin spines, and dorsal scutes were harvested from the samples to look for the presence of the fluorochrome markers. The calcein and ARS marks were readily identified within all of the structures at both measurement points, but the OTC marks were less detectable, varying by structure and age. The application of relatively unused markers for mass-marking and tracking changes in growth on calcified structures throughout Lake Sturgeons’ ontogeny shows promise and warrants further consideration and investigation.
Lactate infusion increases brain energy content during euglycemia but not hypoglycemia in healthy men
Authors: Richter Juliane , Rabe Doerte , Duysen Kai , Melchert Uwe H. , Oltmanns Kerstin M. 
Published: August 2019

A special characteristic of the brain is the usage of lactate as alternative fuel instead of glucose to preserve its energy homeostasis. This physiological function is valid for sufficient cerebral glucose supply, as well as presumably during hypoglycemia, given that exogenous lactate infusion suppresses hormonal counterregulation. However, it is not yet clarified whether this effect is mediated by the use of lactate as an alternative cerebral energy substrate or any other mechanism. We hypothesized that under conditions of limited access to glucose (ie, during experimental hypoglycemia) lactate infusion would prevent hypoglycemia‐induced neuroenergetic deficits in a neuroprotective way. In a randomized, double‐blind, crossover study, lactate vs placebo infusion was compared during hyperinsulinemic‐hypoglycemic clamps in 16 healthy young men. We measured the cerebral high‐energy phosphate content — ie, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), phosphocreatine (PCr) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) levels — by 31P‐magnetic resonance spectroscopy as well as the neuroendocrine stress response. During euglycemia, lactate infusion increased ATP/Pi as well as PCr/Pi ratios compared with baseline values and placebo infusion. During hypoglycemia, there were no differences between the lactate and the placebo condition in both ratios. Hormonal counterregulation was significantly diminished upon lactate infusion. Our data demonstrate an elevated cerebral high‐energy phosphate content upon lactate infusion during euglycemia, whereas there was no such effect during experimental hypoglycemia. Nevertheless, lactate infusion suppressed hypoglycemic hormonal counterregulation. Lactate thus adds to cerebral energy provision during euglycemia and may contribute to an increase in ATP reserves, which in turn protects the brain against neuroglucopenia under recurrent hypopglycemic conditions, eg, in diabetic patients.