bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stress fiber growth and remodeling determines cellular morphomechanics under uniaxial cyclic stretch
Authors: Chatterjee Aritra , Kondaiah Paturu , Gundiah Namrata 
Published: April 2019

AbstractStress fibers in the cytoskeleton are essential in maintaining cellular shape, and influence their adhesion and migration. Cyclic uniaxial stretching results in cellular reorientation orthogonal to the applied stretch direction via a strain avoidance reaction; the mechanistic cues in cellular mechanosensitivity to this response are currently underexplored. We show stretch induced stress fiber lengthening, their realignment and increased cortical actin in fibroblasts stretched over varied amplitudes and durations. Higher amounts of actin and alignment of stress fibers were accompanied with an increase in the effective elastic modulus of cells. Microtubules did not contribute to the measured stiffness or reorientation response but were essential to the nuclear reorientation. We modeled stress fiber growth and reorientation dynamics using a nonlinear, orthotropic, fiber-reinforced continuum representation of the cell. The model predicts the observed fibroblast morphology and increased cellular stiffness under uniaxial cyclic stretch. These studies are important in exploring the differences underlying mechanotransduction and cellular contractility under stretch.
Mosaic evolution, preadaptation, and the evolution of evolvability in apes
Authors: Parins-Fukuchi Caroline 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA major goal in post-synthesis evolutionary biology has been to better understand how complex interactions between traits drive movement along and facilitate the formation of distinct evolutionary pathways. I present analyses of a character matrix sampled across the haplorrhine skeleton that revealed several modules of characters displaying distinct patterns in macroevolutionary disparity. Comparison of these patterns to those in neurological development showed that early ape evolution was characterized by an intense regime of evolutionary and developmental flexibility. Shifting and reduced constraint in apes was met with episodic bursts in phenotypic innovation that built a wide array of functional diversity over a foundation of shared developmental and anatomical structure. Shifts in modularity drove dramatic evolutionary changes across the ape body plan in two distinct ways: 1) an episode of relaxed integration early in hominoid evolution coincided with bursts in evolutionary rate across multiple character suites; 2) the formation of two new trait modules along the branch leading to chimps and humans preceded rapid and dramatic evolutionary shifts in the carpus and pelvis. Changes to the structure of evolutionary mosaicism may correspond to enhanced evolvability that has a ‘preadaptive’ effect by catalyzing later episodes of dramatic morphological remodeling.
When does gene flow facilitate evolutionary rescue?
Authors: Tomasini Matteo , Peischl Stephan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractExperimental and theoretical studies have highlighted the impact of gene flow on the probability of evolutionary rescue in structured habitats. Mathematical modelling and simulations of evolutionary rescue in spatially or otherwise structured populations showed that intermediate migration rates can often maximize the probability of rescue in gradually or abruptly deteriorating habitats. These theoretical results corroborate the positive effect of gene flow on evolutionary rescue that has been identified in experimental yeast populations. The observations that gene flow can facilitate adaptation are in seeming conflict with traditional population genetics results that show that gene flow usually hampers (local) adaptation. Identifying conditions for when gene flow facilitates survival chances of populations rather than reducing them remains a key unresolved theoretical question. We here present a simple analytically tractable model for evolutionary rescue in a two-deme model with gene flow. Our main result is a simple condition for when migration facilitates evolutionary rescue, as opposed as no migration. We further investigate the roles of asymmetries in gene flow and / or carrying capacities, and the effects of density regulation and local growth rates on evolutionary rescue.
Are self-leaders more willing to mentor others? A study among Indian and Spanish university teachers
Authors: Ganesh M.P. , López-Cabarcos M. Ángeles , Vázquez-Rodríguez Paula 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to understand the influence of self-leadership on the intention to mentor among university teachers considering the mediating role of self-efficacy and the moderating role of individualism-collectivism dimensions.

Design/methodology/approach
A standardized questionnaire was used to collect data from Indian (n=88) and Spanish (n=105) university teachers. The hypothesized relationships were analyzed using structural equation modeling and hierarchical multiple regression analysis.

Findings
Self-leadership strategies influence the intention to mentor through university teachers’ self-efficacy. The positive relationship between self-efficacy and intention to mentor becomes stronger when the respondents are inclined toward vertical collectivistic or horizontal individualistic values.

Research limitations/implications
The study extends mentoring literature since it incorporates both individual and cultural variables, allowing observing their interplay and giving a holistic understanding of the issue. The main limitation of the study is its cross-sectional survey design, which is the use of data collected from a single-sitting, self-reporting measure. Different procedures were used to control method biases.

Practical implications
Intention to mentor can help university teachers (especially the younger staffs) and students to establish the process that can reinforce their commitment toward realistic goals. In the long term, entering into a mentoring relationship might boost self-efficacy and self-leadership qualities of the mentors themselves.

Originality/value
The comprehensiveness and relevance of the variables in the context chosen is the primary strength of this research. In the scenario of increasing professionalization and globalization, the cross-cultural nature of this study brings in a global perspective of the research problem.
Interest-free monetary policy and its impact on inflation and unemployment rates
Authors: Selim Mohammad , Hassan M. Kabir 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to examine the effects of interest-free and interest-based monetary policy on inflation and unemployment rates for two groups of countries where in one group, interest-free monetary policy (IFMP) was pursued, while in the other group, interest-based monetary policy (IBMP) was followed.

Design/methodology/approach
This study involves a sample of 23 developed countries divided into two groups. The authors measure economic performance by misery index (MI), and MI is calculated as unemployment rate plus inflation rate. A group of countries, where MI is lower, performs better compared to the other group where MI is relatively higher.

Findings
The results reveal that in group of 12 countries where IFMP is adopted, the MI is lower and thus performs better compared to a group of countries where IBMP is pursued.

Research limitations/implications
The findings of this study have profound implications for the policymakers and government leaders who look for a solution to maintain both low inflation and unemployment rates. The findings in this study clearly portray that such ideal situations can only be achieved by pursuing IFMP. No wonder the countries which have been historically pursuing IFMP such as Japan, Switzerland, Sweden, the Netherlands and Denmark have been able to contain both inflation and unemployment rates compared to their counterparts among the English-speaking countries.

Originality/value
This is one of the most recent tests on the differences in economic performance between IFMP and IBMP. These results have significant value for policymakers and central bankers who have been struggling to maintain lower MI for decades.
The impact of product variety on LSQ in e-marketplaces
Authors: Sorkun Metehan Feridun 
Published: April 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to reveal the impact of the e-tailers’ product variety decisions on their logistics service quality (LSQ) in B2C e-marketplaces. Furthermore, it investigates the mediation of transaction intensity and the moderation of the perceived technical quality in this relationship.Design/methodology/approachThe data were collected from one of Turkey’s biggest e-marketplace firms, N11.com. Consumer evaluations and the e-tailers’ product offers were used to operationalize research variables. Structural equation modeling was used to test the research hypotheses.FindingsProduct variety increases the sales of e-tailers but negatively affects their LSQ. This negative effect does not stem from the operational complexity resulting from increased sales; on the contrary, transaction intensity actually suppresses the negative effect of product variety on LSQ. This study additionally reveals that the perceived technical quality weakens the negative impact of product variety on LSQ.Originality/valueThe intense competition in e-marketplaces makes LSQ a key competitive factor, highlighting the importance of revealing its determinants. Although the negative effect of product variety on operational performance has been revealed in manufacturing and physical retailing environments, it has been under-investigated in online retailing. Drawing on a knowledge-based view, this study reveals how product variety decreases LSQ in the online context despite its unique features (i.e. temporal and spatial separation). Moreover, by demonstrating that the delivered product’s instrumental performance affects the perceived LSQ, it reveals that technical quality and functional quality are not disjoint components in online purchases.
A longitudinal investigation of the glass-ceiling in nursing
Authors: Woolnough Helen , Fielden Sandra , Crozier Sarah , Hunt Carianne 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present a longitudinal, qualitative study exploring changes in the attributional constructions of sense-making in the perceptions and lived experiences of the glass-ceiling among a cohort of female mental health nurses in the National Health Service who participated in a 12-month multi-faceted career and leadership development pilot programme compared to a matched control group.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors interviewed 27 female mental health nurses in the UK who participated in a multi-faceted development programme specifically designed to support female nurses secure career advancement and 27 members of a matched control group who did not experience the programme. Participants engaged in semi-structured telephone interviews at three separate time points (six months apart) over a 12-month period.

Findings
Programme participants differed in their attributional constructions of sense-making in relation to the glass-ceiling over time compared to the matched control group, e.g., triggering understandings and awakenings and re-evaluating the glass-ceiling above when promoted. Findings are used to theorise about the glass-ceiling as a concept that shifts and changes over time as a function of experience.

Practical implications
Practical implications include important organisational outcomes in relation to fostering the career advancement and retention of talented female leaders at all career stages.

Originality/value
The authors present the first known longitudinal, qualitative study to explore changes in attributional constructions of sense-making in perceptions and experiences of the glass-ceiling among female nurses over time compared to a matched control group.
Transition to circular economy in Brazil
Authors: Paes Michel Xocaira , de Medeiros Gerson Araujo , Mancini Sandro Donnini , Ribeiro Flávio de Miranda , Puppim de Oliveira Jose A. 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate how improvements in municipal solid waste management systems (MSWMS) can contribute to a transition toward circular economy (CE) in urban areas, outlining actions and guidelines for public policies.

Design/methodology/approach
The research was carried out in three municipalities located in the state of São Paulo in terms of: diagnosis; elaboration of more positive scenarios in terms of CE and scaling of economic and environmental benefits; and outline actions and guidelines for public policies of MSWMS.

Findings
In developing countries like Brazil, MSWMS can contribute to a transition toward a CE through new public policies and management practices, or even through the improvement of those that already exist. Examples of this are the integration of the informal sector of the recycling chain and service sector related to repairs of clothing, shoes, furniture and electronics as well as composting at the food production site. This could be strengthened by legal and financial mechanisms, training and carbon credit projects. Moreover, there is a need for integration of public policies between different levels of governments and sectoral policies.

Originality/value
This paper developed a methodology to examine the potential for a transition toward a CE through the MSWMS in different scenarios and cities. This methodology allows to advance the implementation of the concept of CE in urban areas of developing countries and generating co-benefits to the local economy and the global environment.
Comparing biotic drivers of litter breakdown across stream compartments
Authors: Peralta‐Maraver Ignacio , Perkins Daniel M. , Thompson Murray S. A. , Fussmann Katarina , Reiss Julia , Robertson Anne L. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Litter breakdown in the streambed is an important pathway in organic carbon cycling and energy transfer in the biosphere that is mediated by a wide range of streambed organisms. However, most research on litter breakdown to date has focused on a small fraction of the taxa that drive it (e.g. microbial vs. macroinvertebrate‐mediated breakdown) and has been limited to the benthic zone (BZ). Despite the importance of the hyporheic zone (HZ) as a bioreactor, little is known about what, or who, mediates litter breakdown in this compartment and whether breakdown rates differ between the BZ and HZ.

Here, we explore the relationship between litter breakdown and the variation in community structure of benthic and hyporheic communities by deploying two standardized bioassays (cotton strips and two types of commercially available tea bags) in 30 UK streams that encompass a range of environmental conditions. Then, we modelled these assays as a response of the streambed compartment and the biological features of the streambed assemblage (Prokaryota, Protozoa and Eumetazoa invertebrates) to understand the generality and efficiency of litter processing across communities.

Litter breakdown was much faster in the BZ compared with the HZ (around 5 times higher for cotton strips and 1.5 times faster for the tea leaves). However, differences in litter breakdown between the BZ and the HZ were mediated by the biological features of the benthos and the hyporheos. Biomass of all the studied biotic groups, α‐diversity of Eumetazoa invertebrates and metabolic diversity of Prokaryota were important predictors that were positively related to breakdown coefficients demonstrating their importance in the functioning of the streambed ecosystem.

Our study uses a novel multimetric bioassay that is able to disentangle the contribution by Prokaryota, Protozoa and Eumetazoa invertebrates to litter breakdown. In doing so, our study reveals new insights into how organic matter decomposition is partitioned across biota and streambed compartments.
pathtrackr: An r package for video tracking and analysing animal movement
Authors: Harmer Aaron M. T. , Thomas Daniel B. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Techniques for visualising and analysing animal movement patterns are widely used in behavioural studies. While commercial options exist for analysing animal movement via video, the cost of these is often prohibitive.

To meet the need for an efficient and cost‐effective video tracking and analysis tool, we have developed the pathtrackr package for the open‐source programming environment r. The pathtrackr package allows for an automated and consolidated workflow, from video input to statistical output (with addition of the open‐source FFmpeg application), of an animal's movement.

The software tracks a single animal at a time across a variety of visual contexts, notably heterogenous backgrounds and variable lighting, and can deal with localised background movement that does not overlap with the animal. The software does not need training like many other solutions. We also include diagnostic tools in the package for troubleshooting.

Here, we provide an overview of the package and example workflow for using its various functions. Validation with simulated data shows that pathtrackr provides very accurate results, at the same time removing observer subjectivity and greatly reducing data collection times.
The organizing principle of GABAB receptor complexes: Physiological and pharmacological implications
Authors: Fritzius Thorsten , Bettler Bernhard 
Published: April 2019

AbstractGABAB receptors (GBRs), the G protein‐coupled receptors for the neurotransmitter γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA), regulate synaptic transmission at most synapses in the brain. Proteomic approaches revealed that native GBR complexes assemble from an inventory of ~30 proteins that provide a molecular basis for the functional diversity observed with these receptors. Studies with reconstituted GBR complexes in heterologous cells and complementary knockout studies have allowed to identify cellular and physiological functions for obligate and several non‐obligate receptor components. It emerges that modular association of receptor components in space and time generates a variety of multiprotein receptor complexes with different localizations, kinetic properties and effector channels. This article summarizes current knowledge on the organizing principle of GBR complexes. We further discuss unanticipated receptor functions, links to disease and opportunities for drug discovery arising from the identification of novel receptor components.
Postoperative bladder dysfunction and outcomes after minimally invasive extravesical ureteric reimplantation in children using a laparoscopic and a robot‐assisted approach: results of a multicentre international survey
Authors: Esposito Ciro , Varlet Francois , Riquelme Mario A. , Fourcade Laurent , Valla Jean S. , Ballouhey Quentin , Scalabre Aurelien , Escolino Maria 
Published: April 2019

ObjectivesTo assess and compare postoperative bladder dysfunction rates and outcomes after laparoscopic and robot‐assisted extravesical ureteric reimplantation in children and to identify risk factors associated with bladder dysfunction.Patients and MethodsA total of 151 children underwent minimally invasive extravesical ureteric reimplantation in five international centres of paediatric urology over a 5‐year period (January 2013–January 2018). The children were divided in two groups according to surgical approach: group 1 underwent laporoscopic reimplantation and included 116 children (92 girls and 24 boys with a median age of 4.5 years), while group 2 underwent robot‐assisted reimplantation and included 35 children (29 girls and six boys with a median age of 7.5 years). The two groups were compared with regard to: procedure length; success rate; postoperative complication rate; and postoperative bladder dysfunction rate (acute urinary retention [AUR] and voiding dysfunction). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess predictors of postoperative bladder dysfunction. Factors assessed included age, gender, laterality, duration of procedure, pre‐existing bladder and bowel dysfunction (BBD) and pain control.ResultsThe mean operating time was significantly longer in group 2 compared with group 1, for both unilateral (159.5 vs 109.5 min) and bilateral procedures (202 vs 132 min; P = 0.001). The success rate was significantly higher in group 2 than in group 1 (100% vs 95.6%; P = 0.001). The overall postoperative bladder dysfunction rate was 8.6% and no significant difference was found between group 1 (6.9%) and group 2 (14.3%; P = 0.17). All AUR cases were managed with short‐term bladder catheterization except for two cases (1.3%) in group 1 that required short‐term suprapubic catheterization. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that bilateral pathology, pre‐existing BBD and duration of procedure were predictors of postoperative bladder dysfunction (P = 0.001).ConclusionOur results confirmed that short‐term bladder dysfunction is a possible complication of extravesical ureteric reimplantation, with no significant difference between the laparoscopic and robot‐assisted approaches. Bladder dysfunction occurred more often after bilateral repairs, but required suprapubic catheterization in only 1.3% of cases. Bilaterality, pre‐existing BBD and duration of surgery were confirmed on univariate and multivariate analyses as predictors of postoperative bladder dysfunction in this series.
Histidine at position 462 determines the low quinine sensitivity of ether‐à‐go‐go channel superfamily member Kv12.1
Authors: Dierich Marlen , van Ham Willem B. , Stary‐Weinzinger Anna , Leitner Michael G. 
Published: April 2019

Background and PurposeThe ether‐à‐go‐go (Eag) Kv superfamily comprises closely related Kv10, Kv11, and Kv12 subunits. Kv11.1 (termed hERG in humans) gained much attention, as drug‐induced inhibition of these channels is a frequent cause of sudden death in humans. The exclusive drug sensitivity of Kv11.1 can be explained by central drug‐binding pockets that are absent in most other channels. Currently, it is unknown whether Kv12 channels are equipped with an analogous drug‐binding pocket and whether drug‐binding properties are conserved in all Eag superfamily members.Experimental ApproachWe analysed sensitivity of recombinant Kv12.1 channels to quinine, a substituted quinoline that blocks Kv10.1 and Kv11.1 at low micromolar concentrations.Key ResultsQuinine inhibited Kv12.1, but its affinity was 10‐fold lower than for Kv11.1. Contrary to Kv11.1, quinine inhibited Kv12.1 in a largely voltage‐independent manner and induced channel opening at more depolarised potentials. Low sensitivity of Kv12.1 and characteristics of quinine‐dependent inhibition were determined by histidine 462, as site‐directed mutagenesis of this residue into the homologous tyrosine of Kv11.1 conferred Kv11.1‐like quinine block to Kv12.1(H462Y). Molecular modelling demonstrated that the low affinity of Kv12.1 was determined by only weak interactions of residues in the central cavity with quinine. In contrast, more favourable interactions can explain the higher quinine sensitivity of Kv12.1(H462Y) and Kv11.1 channels.Conclusions and ImplicationsThe quinoline‐binding “motif” is not conserved within the Eag superfamily, although the overall architecture of these channels is apparently similar. Our findings highlight functional and pharmacological diversity in this group of evolutionary‐conserved channels.