bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studies of the correlation between dual-source CT measured thyroid iodine concentrations, contents and thyroid function
Authors: Li ZhengTeng , Pan Dongmei , Zhai Rui , Wang Min 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between dual-source CT measured iodine concentration, total iodine content and blood measured thyroid parameters.Methods Dual-source CT was used to scan the neck of thyroid patients. The mean iodine concentration and thyroid tissue volume were measured to calculate the total iodine content of thyroid. Relevant test of triiodothyronine (FT3), total triiodothyronine (TT3), total thyroxine (TT4), free thyroxine (FT4), and thyroid hormone (TSH) were conducted. The correlation of thyroid mean iodine concentration and total iodine content with blood measured thyroid function was analyzed.Result The total iodine content in thyroid was positively correlated with FT3, but negatively correlated with TSH. The mean iodine concentration of thyroid was positively correlated with both FT3 and TT3.Conclusion The thyroid iodine content measured by dual-source CT can be used to determine the human iodine nutritional status and evaluate thyroid functions, which will provide help for the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid diseases.
Knowledge and practices regarding tuberculosis infection control among nurses in Ibadan, South-West Nigeria: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Akande Patrick 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Nurses are particularly vulnerable to nosocomial tuberculosis (TB) infection because, being in the frontline of patient care, they are frequently exposed to patients with infectious TB disease. Although cost-effective measures are available for TB infection control (TBIC), they are often poorly implemented. Knowledge of TBIC is known to positively influence the practice of the measures. There is however limited data on the knowledge and practice of TBIC among nurses in Nigeria. This study was aimed at determining the levels of TBIC-related knowledge and practices of nurses in Ibadan, and associated socio-demographic factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized a self-administered questionnaire to collect data from 200 nurses in two secondary health facilities, in May 2014. STATA version 13 was used to analyze data: mean knowledge and practice scores of the nurses and logistic regression to explore their association with socio-demographic factors. Results: The respondents had mean knowledge and practice scores of 68.2% and 79.9% respectively. Using cut-off points of 80% and 100% for good knowledge and practice scores respectively, small proportions of the nurses had good scores- knowledge (10.5%) and practice (6%). Knowledge was found not to be significantly associated with the socio-demographic factors. Work experience was the only factor that was significantly associated with practice, with the less experienced nurses (=<18 years of experience) having greater odds of obtaining good practice scores than the more experienced ones (OR 4.0, 95%CI 0.06-0.94). Also, there was no significant association between knowledge and practice scores. No structured TBIC training had been conducted at this time. Conclusions: The study revealed that small proportions of the nurses had good knowledge and practice scores. The findings from this study will be useful for the planning of interventions to improve TBIC among nurses and other healthcare workers, and to benchmark monitoring and evaluation of the interventions. It is recommended that the nurses should be trained on TBIC to equip them with necessary knowledge and skills. This, together with appropriate TBIC policy directives, availability of TBIC equipment/supplies and facility architectural remodeling will contribute to optimal implementation of TB preventive measures. Keywords: tuberculosis, infection, control, knowledge, practice, nurses
An exploration of the experiences of GP registrar supervisors in small rural communities: a qualitative study
Authors: Couch Danielle , O’Sullivan Belinda , Russell Deborah , McGrail Matthew , Wallace Glen , Bentley Michael 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: In Australia registrar training to become a general practitioner (GP) involves three to four years of supervised learning with at least 50% of GP registrars training wholly in rural areas. These rural placements are important for developing the broad skills needed for effective rural practice. Having enough rural GP supervisors is essential to enable rural GP training to occur. We aimed to explore what makes GPs’ participate in supervising or not, their experiences of supervising, and the impact of their practice context. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with 25 GPs based in rural Tasmania, all in towns of <25,000 population, to explore the GPs’ professional backgrounds, their experiences of supervising GP registrars, their practice context and their decisions about supervising GP registrars or not. Thematic analysis was undertaken; key ideas, concepts and experiences were identified and then reviewed and further refined to core themes. Results: Supervising was perceived to positively impact on quality of clinical care, reduce busy-ness and improve patient access to primary care. It was energising for GPs working in rural contexts. Rural GPs noted business factors as impacting both the decision to participate in supervision and the experience of participating: including uncertainty of registrar supply, discontinuity of registrar supply within rotational training systems, registrar competence and business income generation. Conclusions: Supervising is strongly positive for rural GPs and a potential factor related to their work satisfaction but increasing supervision capacity in rural areas may depend on supervision policies and systems which promote more viable supervision models tailored to the business needs of rural GPs and their practice context.
Women’s experience of unplanned out-of-hospital birth in paramedic care
Authors: Flanagan Belinda , Lord Bill , Reed Rachel , Crimmins Gail 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background Healthcare literature describes predisposing factors, clinical risk, maternal and neonatal clinical outcomes of unplanned out-of-hospital birth; however, there is little quality research available that explores the experiences of mothers who birth prior to arrival at hospital. Methods This study utilised a narrative inquiry methodology to explore the experiences of women who birth in paramedic care. Results The inquiry was underscored by twenty-two narrative interviews of women who birthed in paramedic care in Queensland, Australia between 2011-2016. This data identified factors that contributed to the planned hospital birth occurring in the out-of-hospital setting. Women in this study began their story by discussing previous birth experience and their knowledge, expectations and personal beliefs concerning the birth process. Specific to the actual birth event, women reported feeling empowered, confident and exhilarated. However, some participants also identified concerns with paramedics practice; lack of privacy, poor interpersonal skills, and a lack of consent for certain procedures. Conclusions This study identified several factors and a subset of factors that contributed to their experiences of the planned hospital birth occurring in the out-of-hospital setting. Women described opportunities for improvement in the care provided by paramedics, specifically some deficiencies in technical and interpersonal skills.
The In Vitro Anti-Cancer Activities of 17βH-Neriifolin Isolated from Cerbera odollam and its Binding Activity on Na+, K+-ATPase
Authors: Yunos Nurhanan M. , Osman Asiah , Jauri Muhammad H. , Sallehudin Nor J. , Mutalip Siti Syarifah Mohd 
Published: September 2019

Background:17βH-neriifolin, a cardiac glycoside compound had been successfully isolated from Cerbera odollam leaves based on the bioassay guided-isolation procedure. The aim of these studies were to determine the in vitro anti-cancer and binding effects of 17βH-neriifolin on Na+, K+-ATPase.Methods:The in vitro anti-cancer effects were evaluated using Sulphorhodamine B and Hoescht 33342 assays. The Na+, K+-ATPase assay was carried out using Malachite Green assay. In silico molecular docking studies and in vitro malachite green assay were used to predict the binding activities of 17βH-neriifolin on Na+, K+-ATPase and ouabain was also included as for comparison studies.Results:The compound was tested against breast (MCF-7, T47D), colorectal (HT-29), ovarian (A2780, SKOV-3) and skin (A375) cancer cell lines that gave IC50 values ranged from 0.022 ± 0.0015 to 0.030 ± 0.0018 μM. The mechanism of cell death of 17βH-neriifolin was further evaluated using Hoescht 33342 assay and it was found that the compound killed the cancer cells via apoptosis. 17βHneriifolin and ouabain both bound at α-subunit in Na+, K+-ATPase and their binding energy were - 8.16 ± 0.74 kcal/mol and -8.18 ± 0.48 kcal/mol respectively.Conclusion:The results had confirmed the anti-proliferative effects exerted by 17βH-neriifolin in the breast, colorectal, ovarian and skin cancer cell lines. 17βH-neriifolin had shown to cause apoptotic cell death in the respective cancer cell lines.17βH-neriifolin and ouabain both bound at α-subunit in Na+, K+-ATPase and their binding energy were -8.16 ± 0.74 kcal/mol and -8.18 ± 0.48 kcal/mol respectively. This is the first report to reveal that 17βH-neriifolin managed to bind to the pocket of α-subunit of Na+.K+-ATPase.
Prediction of Disease Comorbidity Using HeteSim Scores based on Multiple Heterogeneous Networks
Authors: Chen Xuegong , Shi Wanwan , Deng Lei 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Accumulating experimental studies have indicated that disease comorbidity
causes additional pain to patients and leads to the failure of standard treatments compared to patients
who have a single disease. Therefore, accurate prediction of potential comorbidity is essential to design
more efficient treatment strategies. However, only a few disease comorbidities have been discovered
in the clinic.

Objective:
In this work, we propose PCHS, an effective computational method for predicting disease
comorbidity.

Materials and Methods:
We utilized the HeteSim measure to calculate the relatedness score for different
disease pairs in the global heterogeneous network, which integrates six networks based on biological
information, including disease-disease associations, drug-drug interactions, protein-protein interactions
and associations among them. We built the prediction model using the Support Vector Machine
(SVM) based on the HeteSim scores.

Results and Conclusion:
The results showed that PCHS performed significantly better than previous
state-of-the-art approaches and achieved an AUC score of 0.90 in 10-fold cross-validation. Furthermore,
some of our predictions have been verified in literatures, indicating the effectiveness of our method.
ERGIC3 Silencing Additively Enhances the Growth Inhibition of BFA on Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells
Authors: Zhao Qiurong , Wu Mingsong , Zheng Xiang , Yang Lei , Zhang Zhimin , Li Xueying , Chen Jindong 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Brefeldin A (BFA) has been known to induce endoplasmic reticulum stress
(ERS) and Golgi body stress in cancer cells. ERGIC3 (endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate
compartment 3) is a type II transmembrane protein located in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi
body. ERGIC3 over-expression is frequently observed in cancer cells.

Objective:
In this study, we aim to explore whether BFA administered concurrently with ERGIC3
silencing would work additively or synergistically inhibit cancer cell growth.

Methods:
ERGIC3-siRNA was used to knock-down the expression of ERGIC3 and BFA was used
to induce ERS in lung cancer cell lines GLC-82 and A549. Q-RT-PCR and Western Blot analysis
were used to detect the expression of ERGIC3 and downstream molecules. GraphPad Prism 6 was
used to quantify the data.

Results:
We demonstrated that silencing of ERGIC3 via siRNA effectively led to down-regulation
of ERGIC3 at both mRNA and protein levels in GLC-82 and A549 cells. While BFA or ERGIC3-
silencing alone could induce ERS and inhibit cell growth, the combination treatment of lung cancer
cells with ERGIC3-silencing and BFA was able to additively enhance the inhibition effects of cell
growth through up-regulation of GRP78 resulting in cell cycle arrest.

Conclusion:
ERGIC3 silencing in combination with BFA treatment could additively inhibit lung
cancer cell growth. This finding might shed a light on new adjuvant therapy for lung adenocarcinoma.
Pictorial Essay: Classic Signs in Pediatric Neuroradiology
Authors: Sharma Madhurima , Sood Dinesh , Chauhan Narvir S. , Manjuswamy Rajanna H. , Kapila Preeti T. 
Published: September 2019

Background:
A number of metaphorical imaging signs have been described in the radiology
literature.

Objective:
hese signs not only make the learning process easier but also increase diagnostic confidence.
For this reason, these signs are quite popular among radiologists.

Conclusion:
In this article, we have demonstrated classic signs described in pediatric neuroradiology
with appropriate examples and illustrations.
The Notch Signaling Pathway and Breast Cancer: The Importance of Balance and Cellular Self-Control
Authors: Germán Saucedo-Correa , A. Bravo-Patiño, , R.E. Nuñez-Anita, , Javier Oviedo-Boyso , José Valdez-Alarcon Juan , Manuel Baizabal-Aguirre Víctor 
Published: September 2019

Background:Notch is a cell signaling pathway that is highly conserved in all metazoans and is the master responsible for cell differentiation and cross communication with other signaling pathways such as Wingless and Hedgehog. In most cancers, the Notch signaling pathway is altered, causing normal controls of vital processes such as cell cycle, differentiation and apoptosis to be compromised, leading the cell to a carcinogenic state. However, the inherent nature of the Notch signaling pathway of regulating the activation or repression of other signaling pathways related to differentiation and cell cycle has caused the strategies against breast cancer to be even more specialized and to know more efficiently the suitable method againts the disease.Methods:Different bibliographies and articles related to the Notch pathway and the biology of cancer were reviewed, especially with breast cancer, as well as the participation of other signaling pathways directly and indirectly related to the constitutive activation of the Notch pathway and relating the threads loose to create a general conceptual map of the wide effects of the malfunction of the Notch pathway in this disease so that we can understand from another point of view how this flow of information can be controlled.Results:The study of Notch signaling during more than a decade has gave us new clues to elucidate the mechanisms of their finely orchestrated molecular functioning and how this signaling path interacts with another signaling pathways in differentiation, survival, cell cycle and apoptosis. Notch Signaling is a professional in the process of differentiation and cross-talk communication with another signaling pathways, especially with the WNT and Hh pathways. The responsibility of WNT pathway is to maintain the survival and growth controls, having direct effects on the cell cycle and the Hh pathway is to maintain a state of diferentiation trought the life of the cell and the cell migration instead, cell cycle and the response to growth stimuli of angiogenesis, exacerbated characteristics of many breast cancer.Conclusion:This review highlights the complex communication network between the WNT, Hh and Notch Signaling and the therapies in the field of cancer that are not entirely effective, however, most of the therapies that are currently being developed are including the Notch Signaling as a target quite promising and is for its regulatory effect with other signaling pathways.
Formulation and Characterization of Solid Dispersion Containing Capsaicin for the Treatment of Diabetes
Authors: Giri Tapan Kumar , Roy Payel , Maity Subhasis 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Chili peppers are widely used in many cuisines as a spice, and capsaicin is
the main component. It has been reported that capsaicin acts as an antihyperglycemic agent. However,
it shows poor aqueous solubility and bioavailability.

Objective:
The is to enhance the aqueous solubility and antihyperglycemic activity of capsaicin
through solid dispersion formulation.

Methods:
Solid dispersions were prepared by the solvent evaporation method using polyethylene
glycol 6000 (PEG 6000) as a hydrophilic carrier. Polymer-drug miscibility and drug crystallinity
were characterized through the differential thermal analysis and X-ray powder patterns analysis.
Solid dispersions were evaluated for solubility, in vitro drug dissolution and in vivo animal study in
rats.

Results:
Results of x-ray powder patterns analysis showed a considerable reduction of drug crystallinity
in solid dispersion. Differential thermal analysis result revealed a complete disappearance of
capsaicin melting onset temperature in solid dispersion. From the phase solubility data, it was observed
that the aqueous solubility of capsaicin was increased with increasing concentration of PEG
6000. Solid dispersion formulation showed considerable enhancement of in vitro release of drugs in
comparison to pure capsaicin. In vivo animal study in rats shows that the solid dispersion containing
capsaicin significantly reduced the blood glucose level in comparison to the free capsaicin.

Conclusion:
Higher anti-hyperglycemic effect of capsaicin loaded solid dispersion in comparison to
the pure drug may be due to the enhancement of aqueous solubility of capsaicin. Thus, the solid
dispersion of capsaicin showed a simple approach for capsaicin delivery with improved antidiabetic
activity.
Oxidant and Antioxidant Effects of Gentisic Acid in a 177Lu-Labelled Methionine-Containing Minigastrin Analogue
Authors: Trindade Victoria , Balter Henia 
Published: September 2019

Background:
The radiolabelling of receptor-binding peptides for therapy is a challenge
since the peptide itself is exposed (during labelling, storage and transport) to radiation-induced damage,
directly or indirectly, in aqueous solution. Hence, the use of radiostabilizers seems to be mandatory,
especially in peptide molecules that contain radiation-sensitive amino acids.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two stabilizers, gentisic acid and methionine,
to delve into how each of them affects the radiolabelling and stability of the minigastrin analogue
[177Lu]Lu-DOTA-His-His-Glu-Ala-Tyr-Gly-Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH2 through the analysis of the
22 species distinguished over time by an optimized HPLC system.

Methods:
The stabilizers, in different combinations, were present from the beginning of the labelling
process carried out at 96 °C for 15 min. The stability was studied for up to 7 days.

Results:
The unexpected selective oxidation of the methionine residue of the radiolabelled peptide,
promoted by gentisic acid, led to studying the effect of pH, from 3.5 to 6.0, in the presence of only this
stabilizer. A pH-dependent antioxidant behaviour was revealed, showing a decrease in peptide impurities
but an increase in the selective oxidation as the pH was increased.

Conclusion:
The selective oxidation of the methionine residue could be induced by oxidizing species
probably produced in the reaction between gentisic acid and free radicals of water, during the protection
of the radiolabelled peptide from the attack of these harmful species. Therefore, the addition of
methionine becomes necessary to effectively decrease this selective oxidation in the methioninecontaining
peptide.
Sudden Death Associated with Complex Treatment of Acute Mania: Case Report and Toxicological Findings
Authors: Curto Martina , Lionetto Luana , David Maria Chiara , Maiese Aniello , Ferracuti Stefano , Simmaco Maurizio , Baldessarini Ross J. 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Antipsychotic drugs, mood-stabilizers, and sedatives are used routinely
to treat acute mania, sometimes in combinations, most of which are poorly evaluated
for efficacy and safety.

Objective:
We report a case of sudden death in a 40-year-old man with acute mania treated
aggressively with combinations of drugs that resulted in in potentially toxic, high serum
drug concentrations.

Method:
After the autopsy, analysis were conducted to determine levels of the administered
medications using GC-MS and LC-MS/MS.

Results:
Although dosed within recommended ranges, circulating concentrations of some
antipsychotic drugs given were excessive, suggesting possible pharmacokinetic interactions.
In particular, valproate may have increased serum levels of haloperidol, clozapine,
and promazine. The proposed cause of death was cardiac arrest, to which the high concentrations
of antipsychotics may have contributed.

Conclusion:
This case suggests caution in the aggressive treatment of mania with combinations
of psychotropic drugs and highlights the need of further clinical studies to identify
consequences of drug-drug interactions of antimanic drugs, even when given at recommended
doses.
Android Quiz Application Based on Face Recognition
Authors: Ameen Zinah J. M. 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Technology in the field of education is permanently developing, growing
and this raise will repeatedly offer new and unusual advances. The significant objective of this project
is to encourage the understudies in participating in learning and enhancing their insight abilities.

Methods:
An Android application provides a new technique of developing a test or quiz using smart
devices. This project implements a mobile quiz application based on face recognition as an authentication
process to ascertain students' identity. The authentication process was implemented in two
steps face detection using Mobile Vision APIs and face recognition using a Speed Up Robust Features
(SURF) algorithm. Image classification and retrieval process is applied using SURF algorithm
to extract features vector, then compare those vector with those of all stored images at server database
and the matching process is applied based on RANSAC algorithm. A Wi-Fi ad hoc network in
this project is established using jmdns java library to enable accessing the application by students.
For training purposes, a data set containing 10 persons is added with 5 images per person.

Results:
A quiz environment has been arranged, in class with seven examiners each one separately
accessed the quiz application with randomly chosen questions by the server. The achieved recognition
rate was 85%, with a total average computation time 8.816 s per user login.

Conclusion:
This quiz application decreases manual intervention and brings adaptability to users
with ease of use.