bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interactions between Water Vapor and Potential Vorticity in Synoptic-Scale Monsoonal Disturbances: Moisture Vortex Instability
Authors: Adames Ángel F. , Ming Yi 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSouth Asian monsoon low pressure systems, referred to as synoptic-scale monsoonal disturbances (SMDs), are convectively coupled cyclonic disturbances that are responsible for up to half of the total monsoon rainfall. In spite of their importance, the mechanisms that lead to the growth of these systems have remained elusive. It has long been thought that SMDs grow because of a variant of baroclinic instability that includes the effects of convection. Recent work, however, has shown that this framework is inconsistent with the observed structure and dynamics of SMDs. Here, we present an alternative framework that may explain the growth of SMDs and may also be applicable to other modes of tropical variability. Moisture is prognostic and is coupled to precipitation through a simplified Betts–Miller scheme. Interactions between moisture and potential vorticity (PV) in the presence of a moist static energy gradient can be understood in terms of a “gross” PV (qG) equation. The qG summarizes the dynamics of SMDs and reveals the relative role that moist and dry dynamics play in these disturbances, which is largely determined by the gross moist stability. Linear solutions to the coupled PV and moisture equations reveal Rossby-like modes that grow because of a moisture vortex instability. Meridional temperature and moisture advection to the west of the PV maximum moisten and destabilize the column, which results in enhanced convection and SMD intensification through vortex stretching. This instability occurs only if the moistening is in the direction of propagation of the SMD and is strongest at the synoptic scale.
Operative Management of Acute Triceps Tendon Ruptures: Review of 184 Cases
Authors: Mirzayan Raffy , Acevedo Daniel C. , Sodl Jeffrey F. , Yian Edward H. , Navarro Ronald A. , Anakwenze Oke , Singh Anshuman 
Published: March 2018

Background: Distal triceps tendon ruptures are rare. The authors present a series of 184 surgically treated, acute, traumatic triceps tendon avulsions and compare the complications between those treated with anchors (A) versus transosseous (TO) suture repair. Hypothesis: No difference exists in the retear rate between TO and A repairs. Study Designed: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: All patients who underwent an open primary repair of a traumatic triceps tendon avulsion within 90 days of injury, between 2007 and 2015, were retrospectively reviewed. Surgeries were performed within a multisurgeon (75 surgeons), multicenter (14 centers), community-based integrated health care system. Patient demographic information, type of repair, complications, and time from surgery to release from medical care were recorded. Results: 184 triceps tears in 181 patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 49 years (range, 15-83 years). There were 169 males. The most common mechanisms of injury were fall (56.5%) and weight lifting (19%). Mean time from injury to surgery was 19 days (range, 1-90 days); in 74.5% of cases, surgery was performed in 3 weeks or less. There were 105 TO and 73 A repairs. No significant difference was found between the two groups in the mean age ( P = .18), sex ( P = .51), completeness of tears ( P = .74), tourniquet time ( P = .455), and prevalence of smokers ( P = .64). Significant differences were noted between TO and A repairs in terms of reruptures (6.7% vs 0%, respectively; P = .0244), overall reoperation rate (9.5% vs 1.4%; P = .026), and release from medical care (4.3 vs 3.4 months; P = .0014), but no difference was seen in infection rate (3.8% vs 0%; P = .092). No difference was noted in release from medical care in patients who underwent surgery 3 weeks or less after injury compared with those undergoing surgery more than 3 weeks after injury (3.90 vs 4.09 months, respectively; P = .911). Conclusion: Primary repair of triceps ruptures with TO fixation has a significantly higher rerupture rate, higher reoperation rate, and longer release from medical care than does repair with A fixation. Implementation of suture anchors in triceps repairs offers a lower complication rate and earlier release from medical care.
Regional citrate-calcium anticoagulation during polymyxin-B hemoperfusion: A case series
Authors: Forfori Francesco , Brogi Etrusca , Sidoti Anna , Giraudini Martina , Monti Gianpaola , Zarrillo Nadia , Cantaluppi Vincenzo , Ronco Claudio 
Published: March 2018

Introduction: So far, only heparin-based anticoagulation has been proposed during polymyxin-B hemoperfusion. However, postsurgical septic patients can be at high risk of bleeding due to either surgical complications or septic coagulation derangement. Consequently, heparin should not represent in some cases the anticoagulation regimen of choice in this type of patients. Methods and results: We present a case series of four postsurgical septic patients treated with polymyxin-B hemoperfusion using regional citrate anticoagulation. All the treatments were performed without complications. During each treatment, there were no episodes of filter clotting, no bleeding, and no metabolic complications for any of the patients. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the second published report on the use of citrate anticoagulation during polymyxin-B hemoperfusion. Our case series continued to show that regional citrate anticoagulation regimen is feasible and safe during polymyxin-B hemoperfusion treatment in postsurgical septic patients.
Detailed Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Analysis in Infantile Spasms
Authors: Harini Chellamani , Sharda Sonal , Bergin Ann Marie , Poduri Annapurna , Yuskaitis Christopher J. , Peters Jurriaan M. , Rakesh Kshitiz , Kapur Kush , Pearl Phillip L. , Prabhu Sanjay P. 
Published: March 2018

Purpose: To evaluate initial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities in infantile spasms, correlate them to clinical characteristics, and describe repeat imaging findings. Methods: A retrospective review of infantile spasm patients was conducted, classifying abnormal MRI into developmental, acquired, and nonspecific subgroups. Results: MRIs were abnormal in 52 of 71 infantile spasm patients (23 developmental, 23 acquired, and 6 nonspecific) with no correlation to the clinical infantile spasm characteristics. Both developmental and acquired subgroups exhibited cortical gray and/or white matter abnormalities. Additional abnormalities of deep gray structures, brain stem, callosum, and volume loss occurred in the structural acquired subgroup. Repeat MRI showed better definition of the extent of existing malformations. Conclusion: In structural infantile spasms, developmental/acquired subgroups showed differences in pattern of MRI abnormalities but did not correlate with clinical characteristics.
Problems With Reliability of Speech Variables for Use in Quality Registries for Cleft Lip and Palate—Experiences From the Swedish Cleft Lip and Palate Registry
Authors: Malmborn Jan-Olof , Becker Magnus , Klintö Kristina 
Published: March 2018

Objective: To test the reliability of the speech data in the Swedish quality registry for cleft lip and palate. Design: Retrospective study. Setting: Primary care university hospital. Participants: Ninety-four children born with cleft palate with or without cleft lip between 2005 and 2009 who had been assessed and registered in the quality registry at the age of 5 years. Main Outcome Measures: Data in the registry on percent oral consonants correct, percent oral errors, percent nonoral errors, perceived velopharyngeal function (PVPF), and intelligibility were compared with results based on reassessments by 3 independent raters from audio recordings. Agreement was calculated by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), quadratic weighted kappa, and percentage agreement. Results: Absolute agreement calculated by average measures ICC for percent oral consonants correct, percent oral errors, and percent nonoral errors was above >0.90. Single measures ICC for percent oral consonants correct was 0.82, for percent oral errors 0.69, and for percent nonoral errors 0.83. The kappa coefficient for PVPF was 0.5 to 0.59 and for intelligibility 0.65 to 0.77. Exact percentage agreement for PVPF was 33% and for intelligibility 47.8%. Conclusions: The data on oral consonants correct and nonoral errors in the quality registry seem to be reliable. The data on oral errors, PVPF, and intelligibility should be interpreted with caution. If differences among treatment centers are detected, one should go back and examine the collected raw data before drawing any definitive conclusions about treatment outcome.
The efficacy of drug-eluting stent for recurrent central venous restenosis in a patient undergoing hemodialysis
Authors: Shintaku Sadanori , Sato Tomoyasu , Kawanishi Hideki , Moriishi Misaki , Tsuchiya Shinichiro 
Published: March 2018

Introduction: Recurrent central venous restenosis is problematic in patients with ipsilateral arteriovenous fistula. We report our experience using a drug-eluting stent for the treatment of recurrent central vein restenosis. Case report: A 60-year-old man consulted our hospital because of recurrent swelling of his left upper limb with radial-cephalic arteriovenous fistula that originated in the distal forearm. More than 3 years prior, two bare-metal stents were placed for the obstructed lesions in the left subclavian and brachiocephalic venous lesions, and repeated balloon angioplasty for recurrent in-stent stenosis was performed approximately every 3 months. Angiography with iodinated contrast agents revealed an approximately 3-cm-long restenosis at the distal part of the bare-metal stents. One drug-eluting stent (Zilver PTX Drug-Eluting Peripheral Stent; Cook Medical, Bloomington, IN, USA) was deployed at the narrowing lesion, followed by balloon angioplasty. The stenotic lesion was successfully and safely dilated. The patient consulted our hospital 5.5 months after drug-eluting stent placement because of restenosis at the distal part of the drug-eluting stent, but only in a shorter segment than before. Freedom from clinically driven target-lesion revascularization (TLR) extended from 3.1 to 5.5 months after drug-eluting stent placement. Although additional implantation of the second drug-eluting stent was required 14.6 months after the first drug-eluting stent placement, freedom from TLR before/after the second drug-eluting stent placement extended from 4.4 months to more than 8.6 months. Conclusion: Drug-eluting stent placement is an effective strategy for recurrent central venous stenosis in patients with ipsilateral arteriovenous fistula. To our knowledge, this is the first report of drug-eluting stent placement for recurrent venous stenosis in a patient undergoing hemodialysis.
Altered immunoglobulins (A and G) in Ghanaian patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Asare-Anane Henry , Botchey Collins Paa Kwesi , Ofori Emmanuel Kwaku , Boamah Isaac , Crabbe Sandra , Asamoah-Kusi Kwadwo 
Published: March 2018

Objectives: Elevated immunoglobulin levels have been strongly linked to the development and progression of inflammatory disorders such as type 2 diabetes and obesity. This study aimed to evaluate circulating immunoglobulin levels and to identify other metabolic factors that influence humoral immune response among Ghanaian subjects with type 2 diabetes. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study conducted at the National Diabetes Management and Research Center, Accra. Eighty persons with type 2 diabetes were age-matched with 78 controls. Immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M; interleukin 6; fasting blood glucose; glycated hemoglobin; and lipid parameter concentrations were measured. Blood pressure, anthropometry and body composition indices were also assessed. Results: Median immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin G (g/L) levels were higher in the case group compared with controls (0.89 vs 0.74, p = 0.043; 7.58 vs 7.29, p < 0.001). Immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin A and interleukin 6 levels in the case cohort, respectively, associated weakly with fasting blood glucose (r = 0.252, p = 0.001; r = 0.170, p = 0.031; r = 0.296, p = 0.001). There were positive correlations within the control group for immunoglobulin A versus interleukin 6 (r = 0.366, p = 0.001) and within the case group for glycated hemoglobin versus interleukin 6 (r = 0.190, p = 0.020). Conclusion: Our data suggest that humoral immune response is altered in subjects with type 2 diabetes and that serum immunoglobulin levels could serve as useful biomarkers in the investigation and management of diabetes mellitus.
Expanding the Capacity of Otolaryngologists in Kenya through Mobile Technology
Authors: Jayawardena Asitha D. L. , Kahue Charissa N. , Cummins Samantha M. , Netterville James L. 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveTo determine if reliable, objective audiologic data can be obtained by nonotolaryngology and nonaudiology practitioners using novel mobile technology in an effort to expand the capacity for early identification and treatment of disabling hearing loss in the developing world.Study DesignCross‐sectional, proof‐of‐concept pilot study.SettingScreenings took place during an annual 2‐week otolaryngology surgical mission in October 2016 in semirural Malindi, Kenya.Subject and MethodsEighty‐seven patients (174 total ears) were included from 2 deaf schools (n = 12 and 9), a nondeaf school (n = 9), a tuberculosis ward (n = 8), and a walk‐in otology clinic at a local hospital (n = 49). An automated, tablet‐based, language‐independent, clinically validated, play audiometry system and wireless otoscopic endoscopy via an iPhone or laptop platform was administered by Kenyan community health workers (CHWs) and nursing staff.ResultsVarious degrees of hearing loss and otologic pathology were identified, including 1 child presumed to be deaf who was found to have unilaterally normal hearing. Other pathology included 2 active perforations, 2 healed perforations, 2 middle ear effusions, and 1 cholesteatoma. CHWs and nursing staff demonstrated proficiency performing audiograms and endoscopy. Patients screened in a deaf school were more likely to complete an unreliable audiogram than patients screened in other settings (P <. 01).ConclusionThis study demonstrates the feasibility of a non–otolaryngology‐based hearing screening program. This may become an important tool in reducing the impact of hearing loss and otologic pathology in areas bereft of otolaryngologists and audiologists by allowing CHWs to gather important patient data prior to otolaryngologic evaluation.
How cells sense their own shape – mechanisms to probe cell geometry and their implications in cellular organization and function
Authors: Haupt Armin , Minc Nicolas 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
Cells come in a variety of shapes that most often underlie their functions. Regulation of cell morphogenesis implies that there are mechanisms for shape sensing that still remain poorly appreciated. Global and local cell geometry features, such as aspect ratio, size or membrane curvature, may be probed by intracellular modules, such as the cytoskeleton, reaction–diffusion systems or molecular complexes. In multicellular tissues, cell shape emerges as an important means to transduce tissue-inherent chemical and mechanical cues into intracellular organization. One emergent paradigm is that cell-shape sensing is most often based upon mechanisms of self-organization, rather than determinism. Here, we review relevant work that has elucidated some of the core principles of how cellular geometry may be conveyed into spatial information to guide processes, such as polarity, signaling, morphogenesis and division-plane positioning.
OS CONSELHOS DE DIREITOS MUNICIPAIS, AS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS DE PROTEÇÃO À CRIANÇA E AO ADOLESCENTE E A PERMANÊNCIA DAS VELHAS ESTRUTURAS DE PODER: UM DESAFIO À CONSOLIDAÇÃO DA DEMOCRACIA PARTICIPATIVA NO BRASIL
Authors: Van der Broocke Bianca Schneider , Pamplona Danielle Anne 
Published: March 2018

Os Conselhos de Direitos Municipais previstos no Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente inserem-se no quadro de reordenamento institucional e mudanças de gestão de políticas públicas sociais, vivenciado no Brasil após a Constituição Federal de 1988, cujos principais eixos norteadores foram os princípios da descentralização político-administrativa e a participação popular, culminando com a ênfase na municipalização do atendimento à população infanto-juvenil. Nesse intento, compete ao município protagonizar grande parte de políticas e ações voltadas ao segmento, convocando administradores públicos e sociedade civil organizada numa ação conjunta, na perspectiva de uma democracia participativa. O presente artigo intenta identificar como e por que a atuação desses Conselhos, na prática, não é compatível com a consolidação deste modelo democrático, distanciando-se dos padrões jurídico-políticos aspirados teoricamente desde o momento da Assembleia Constituinte, restando intactos os velhos arranjos estatais institucionais e procedimentais, mediante a permanência de um patrimonialismo arraigado na cultura política brasileira e da concentração de poder nas mãos do chefe do Executivo.
A ADEQUAÇÃO DO INFLEXÍVEL: A VEDAÇÃO ÀS PROVAS ILÍCITAS NO PROCESSO PENAL REVISTA PELA HERMENÊUTICA PÓS GIRO LINGUÍSTICO
Authors: Teixeira Ricardo Augusto de Araújo 
Published: March 2018

Este artigo se propõe a pensar quais implicações haveria na vedação à utilização de provas ilicitamente obtidas no processo penal caso se rompesse com os cânones interpretativos do positivismo jurídico do século XIX e se aplicasse a tal questão os avanços decorrentes da superação da filosofia da consciência pela filosofia da linguagem. Há também a tentativa de mostrar os equívocos que vêm sendo cometidos quando da aplicação da teoria da proporcionalidade – tal como formulada por Robert Alexy –, buscando sustentar, inclusive, que mesmo com a utilização de tal técnica não há de fato uma superação dos postulados do positivismo jurídico clássico.
AS TRANSMISSÕES MIDIÁTICAS DAS SESSÕES DE JULGAMENTO DO SUPREMO TRIBUNAL FEDERAL
Authors: Sacchetto Thiago Coelho 
Published: March 2018

Examina-se neste trabalho a história, os objetivos, o regramento normativo e o debate existente na doutrina jurídica brasileira sobre a inovadora prática adotada pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal de permitir a transmissão ao vivo e integral de parcela das suas sessões de julgamento pelos meios de comunicação em massa. A fim de aclarar as diversas controvérsias relacionadas ao instituto garantidor do direito à informação – de maneira dogmática – recomenda-se a avaliação da prática, considerando-se, especificadamente, as singularidades e a natureza jurídica das competências jurisdicionais atribuídas pela Constituição da República ao Supremo Tribunal Federal.
PANDORA & OS REIS MENDIGOS: CRISE E CARISMA NA SOCIEDADE DA INFORMAÇÃO
Authors: Cunha Paulo Ferreira da 
Published: March 2018

A polimórfica e ambígua Sociedade da Informação em que vivemos (também sociedade de crise permanente) encontra-se bastante à mercê da demagogia, do populismo. Teme-se o advento de líderes carismáticos (ainda que de novas formas de carisma) e o reforço de vetores religiosos e políticos fundamentalistas e extremistas pela demissão das repúblicas, que não investiram suficientemente na Educação e na Cidadania. A reflexão sobre as ameaças à Democracia, ao Estado de Direito democrático e aos Direitos Humanos em vários países parece uma tarefa irrenunciável dos Juristas que têm compromisso com a Justiça.
Preliminary evidence that hydrostatic edema may contribute to the formation of diffuse alveolar damage in a Holstein calf model
Authors: Neary Joseph M. , Church Dee 
Published: March 2018

Background: Two notable findings of clinically healthy feedlot cattle suggest they may have pulmonary hydrostatic edema during the finishing phase of production: increased pulmonary arterial wedge pressures and pulmonary venous hypertrophy. The goal of this study was to determine if increased pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (PAWP) in a Holstein calf could lead to diffuse alveolar damage consistent with the early, exudative phase of acute interstitial pneumonia of feedlot cattle. Methods: Six male Holstein dairy calves were given daily subcutaneous injections of the nonspecific ß-adrenergic agonist isoprenaline (10 mg/kg/d), to induce left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, or sterile water for 14 days. On Day 14, pulmonary arterial pressures and wedge pressures were measured, echocardiography performed, and the ratio of mitral valve flow velocity (E) to septal lengthening velocity (e’) calculated. Calves were euthanized on Day 15 and lung lesions semi-quantitatively scored. Results: Mean PAWP was 12 ± 1 mm Hg in calves that received isoprenaline and 7 ± 1 mm Hg in controls (P = 0.01). Calves that received isoprenaline tended to have greater relative wall thickness than control calves (P = 0.15) and greater E/e’ ratios (P = 0.16), suggestive of concentric hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction, respectively. Calves that received isoprenaline also tended to have a left ventricle and interventricular septum that was 29 ± 10 g heavier than control calves (P = 0.10) when controlling for body mass. Hyaline membranes, the hallmark feature of diffuse alveolar damage, were evident in lung sections from all calves that received isoprenaline but none of the controls. Conclusions: Consistent with prior pathological and physiological studies of feedlot cattle, this study provides preliminary evidence that cattle presenting with clinical signs and pathology consistent with early stage acute interstitial pneumonia could be attributable to hydrostatic edema associated with left ventricular failure.
The beta-adrenergic agonist zilpaterol hydrochloride may predispose feedlot cattle to cardiac remodeling and dysfunction
Authors: Neary Joseph M. , Garry Franklyn B. , Gould Daniel H. , Holt Timothy N. , Brown R. Dale 
Published: March 2018

Background: The aim of this study was to address producer concerns that the β2-adrenergic agonist zilpaterol hydrochloride, a bovine growth promotant, predisposes cattle to cardiac disease and death. Our objectives were to evaluate the effect of zilpaterol on cardiac function, morphology, and risk of myocardial injury. Methods: A prospective, case-control study was conducted on one feedlot in northern Colorado using convenience sampling of Angus-based steers (n = 80). Pulmonary arterial pressures (mean, systolic, and diastolic) were measured. Plasma cardiac troponin I was measured in a sub-sample of steers that were followed to slaughter (n = 31). The carcass, left ventricle plus inter-ventricular septum, and right ventricle were weighed. Results: Relative to controls, steers fed zilpaterol hydrochloride had an adjusted left ventricle and septum that was 185 g heavier (95 % CI: 19, 350 g; P = 0.03), a diastolic pulmonary arterial pressure that was 10 mm Hg greater (95 % CI: 3, 17 mm Hg; P = 0.004), and a greater concentration of cardiac troponin I (P = 0.01), a biomarker of myocardial injury. Furthermore, left ventricular mass tended to be positively and deleteriously associated with diastolic pulmonary arterial pressure in steers fed zilpaterol (P = 0.08) but not controls (P = 0.28). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that zilpaterol hydrochloride induced sufficient left ventricular hypertrophy to cause impaired left ventricular relaxation or diastolic dysfunction and myocardial injury. In conclusion, these results support concerns that, in the feedlot studied, zilpaterol hydrochloride predisposes cattle to cardiac disease.