bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Situ Generation of Fullerene from a Poly(fullerene)
Authors: Silva Hugo Santos , Ramanitra Hasina H. , Bregadiolli Bruna A. , Tournebize Aurélien , Bégué Didier , Dowland Simon A. , Lartigau‐Dagron Christine , Graeff Carlos F. O. , Distler Andreas , Peisert Heiko , Chassé Thomas , Hiorns Roger C. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTThis article appraises the thermal, photo‐ and photo‐oxidative stability of poly(fullerene)‐alt‐[bismethylbenzene)]s (PFBMBs) prepared by the atom transfer radical addition polymerization (ATRAP) with particular attention paid to their use as additives in organic photovoltaic devices. PFBMBs are of interest due to their well‐defined structures based on alternating, main‐chain, fullerene‐methylene links. This work shows by way of a wide range of characterization techniques and a small library of PFBMBs with varying side chains, however, that PFBMBs are relatively unstable. Given that prior work has shown that other main‐chain fullerene polymers, such as poly(pyrrolidinofullerene)s, are inherently stable, we suggest a degradation mechanism specific to the fullerene‐methylene links of PFBMBs, which explains their unusual behavior. This work suggests that polymers based on fullerene each have their own specific stabilities and qualities and that PFBMBs might be of more use in purposes other than OPVs where in situ delivery of fullerene is required, for example, in medical applications. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 1434–1452
Integration of remote‐weed mapping and an autonomous spraying unmanned aerial vehicle for site‐specific weed management
Authors: Hunter Joseph E , Gannon Travis W , Richardson Robert J , Yelverton Fred H , Leon Ramon G 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDUnmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been used in agriculture to collect imagery for crop and pest monitoring, and for decision‐making purposes. Spraying‐capable UAVs are now commercially available worldwide for agricultural applications. Combining UAV weed mapping and UAV sprayers into an UAV integrated system (UAV‐IS) can offer a new alternative to implement site‐specific pest management.RESULTSThe UAV‐IS was 0.3‐ to 3‐fold more efficient at identifying and treating target weedy areas, while minimizing treatment on non‐weedy areas, than ground‐based broadcast applications. The UAV‐IS treated 20–60% less area than ground‐based broadcast applications, but also missed up to 26% of the target weedy area, while broadcast applications covered almost the entire experimental area and only missed 2–3% of the target weeds. The efficiency of UAV‐IS management practices increased as weed spatial aggregation increased (patchiness).CONCLUSIONIntegrating UAV imagery for pest mapping and UAV sprayers can provide a new strategy for integrated pest management programs to improve efficiency and efficacy while reducing the amount of pesticide being applied. The UAV‐IS has the potential to improve the detection and control of weed escapes to reduce/delay herbicide resistance evolution. © 2019 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
The mouse fetal‐placental arterial connection: A paradigm involving the primitive streak and visceral endoderm with implications for human development
Authors: Downs Karen M. , Rodriguez Adriana M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn Placentalia, the fetus depends upon an organized vascular connection with its mother for survival and development. Yet, this connection was, until recently, obscure. Here, we summarize how two unrelated tissues, the primitive streak, or body axis, and extraembryonic visceral endoderm collaborate to create and organize the fetal‐placental arterial connection in the mouse gastrula. The primitive streak reaches into the extraembryonic space, where it marks the site of arterial union and creates a progenitor cell pool. Through contact with the streak, associated visceral endoderm undergoes an epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition, contributing extraembryonic mesoderm to the placental arterial vasculature, and to the allantois, or pre‐umbilical tissue. In addition, visceral endoderm bifurcates into the allantois where, with the primitive streak, it organizes the nascent umbilical artery and promotes allantoic elongation to the chorion, the site of fetal‐maternal exchange. Brachyury mediates streak extension and vascular patterning, while Hedgehog is involved in visceral endoderm's conversion to mesoderm. A unique CASPASE‐3‐positive cell separates streak‐ and non‐streak‐associated domains in visceral endoderm. Based on these new insights at the posterior embryonic‐extraembryonic interface, we conclude by asking whether so‐called primordial germ cells are truly antecedents to the germ line that segregate within the allantois, or whether they are placental progenitor cells. Incorporating these new working hypotheses into mutational analyses in which the placentae are affected will aid understanding a spectrum of disorders, including orphan diseases, which often include abnormalities of the umbilical cord, yolk sac, and hindgut, whose developmental relationship to each other has, until now, been poorly understood.This article is categorized under:
Birth Defects > Associated with Preimplantation and Gastrulation
Early Embryonic Development > Gastrulation and Neurulation
Adolescent Females with Limited Delinquency: A Follow-Up on Educational Attainment and Recidivism
Authors: Azad Azade , Ginner Hau Hanna 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundResearch has established a strong relationship between education and later life outcomes, where the connection between different school problems and delinquency have been widely acknowledged. These studies have often sampled male juvenile offenders exhibiting extensive and/or persistent delinquency. Less is known about the educational attainment of female juvenile offenders, especially those who display limited delinquency. In a previous study (Azad and Ginner Hau in Child Youth Serv Rev 95:384–396, 2018), the characteristics of this particular group of offenders were explored where the results showed limited self-reported delinquency but elevated school problems.ObjectiveThe present aim was to conduct a follow-up study of the same sample of female adolescents, in order to study their educational attainment during adolescence and the rate of recidivism within 24 months after being sentenced through registry data.MethodThe sample consisted of adolescent females (N = 144) who were convicted of a crime and sentenced to youth service between 2007 and 2012 in Stockholm, Sweden.ResultsThe results showed that the majority of the females did not reoffend within 2 years after being sentenced. They did, however, display high educational deficits. Their grade point average at the end of both compulsory education and upper secondary school was much lower than that of young females in general, and the majority had either dropped out, never begun or received zero in all subjects at the end of upper secondary school.ConclusionsThe low school results indicate a need to support young delinquent females’ educational attainment in order to improve their overall life chances.
The effects of fall fertilization on the growth of Chinese pine and Prince Rupprecht’s larch seedlings
Authors: Zhu Yan , Li Shan , Wang Caiyun , Dumroese R. Kasten , Li Guolei , Li Qingmei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNutrient loading in the fall is a practical way to improve seedling quality and has been proven to increase nutrient accumulation, translocation and utilization. Few studies have reported on the variation in free amino acids as a result of fall fertilization, especially for different seasonal needle habits (evergreen, deciduous). Therefore, a balanced two-factor factorial design with one fall fertilization treatment (10 mg N/seedling) and Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformisCarr.) and Prince Rupprecht’s larch (Larix principis-rupprechtiiMayr.) seedlings was used to examine growth response over one nursery season. Associated changes between fall fertilization, N storage and free amino acids were analyzed. Results showed that: (1) stem height, diameter and biomass for both species were similar between controls and fall fertilization treatments; (2) compared to controls, fall fertilization increased Chinese pine needle and root N by 17.7% and 36.9%, respectively. For Prince Rupprecht’s larch, fall fertilization resulted in 26.3% and 34.54% more N in stem and roots, respectively, than controls; (3) the three main amino acids in control and fertilization treatments in Prince Rupprecht’s larch seedlings were glutamine, arginine and proline, and in Chinese pine seedlings were glutamine, arginine and γ-amino butyric acid; (4) total amino acid contents were not significantly increased by fall fertilization, but glutamine in Chinese pine and Prince Rupprecht’s larch increased by 64.2% and 35.2%, respectively. Aboveground biomass of Prince Rupprecht’s larch had higher proline contents than Chinese pine, which suggests that the stress resistance of the aboveground tissue may be higher for Prince Rupprecht’s larch. The results indicate that different plant organs with various response are well adapted to nitrogen loading for nutrient storage in evergreen and deciduous conifer seedlings.
Deirdre’s Smile: Names, Faces, and ‘the Simple Actuality’ of Another
Authors: Cockburn David 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe paper explores what it could mean to speak of love as involving a delight in ‘the simple actuality’ of another, or, as Buber does, of the ‘touchable’ human being as ‘unique and devoid of qualities’. Developing strands in Merleau-Ponty’s treatment of perception, it is argued that the relation between recognising this as a particular individual and recognising particular qualities in her may be close to the reverse of what might be supposed: a recognition of this distinctive smile being dependent on a recognition of who this is. The fundamental place of particulars, as opposed to kinds (transferable properties), in our thought about those we know and care for is developed in part through a phenomenological treatment of our perception of faces. That treatment is set in a context of the justification of our judgements about who someone is, and is linked with a critique of treatments of proper names of individuals in the spirit of Frege. It is in our speaking to (rather than ‘about’) those we know (rather than ‘know about’) that we find a relation to a particular that is direct—not mediated by a description of its properties—that Russell sought in ‘knowledge by acquaintance’.
Ego-zones: non-symmetric dependencies reveal network groups with large and dense overlaps
Authors: Kudelka Milos , Ochodkova Eliska , Zehnalova Sarka , Plesnik Jakub 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe existence of groups of nodes with common characteristics and the relationships between these groups are important factors influencing the structures of social, technological, biological, and other networks. Uncovering such groups and the relationships between them is, therefore, necessary for understanding these structures. Groups can either be found by detection algorithms based solely on structural analysis or identified on the basis of more in-depth knowledge of the processes taking place in networks. In the first case, these are mainly algorithms detecting non-overlapping communities or communities with small overlaps. The latter case is about identifying ground-truth communities, also on the basis of characteristics other than only network structure. Recent research into ground-truth communities shows that in real-world networks, there are nested communities or communities with large and dense overlaps which we are not yet able to detect satisfactorily only on the basis of structural network properties.In our approach, we present a new perspective on the problem of group detection using only the structural properties of networks. Its main contribution is pointing out the existence of large and dense overlaps of detected groups. We use the non-symmetric structural similarity between pairs of nodes, which we refer to as dependency, to detect groups that we call zones. Unlike other approaches, we are able, thanks to non-symmetry, accurately to describe the prominent nodes in the zones which are responsible for large zone overlaps and the reasons why overlaps occur. The individual zones that are detected provide new information associated in particular with the non-symmetric relationships within the group and the roles that individual nodes play in the zone. From the perspective of global network structure, because of the non-symmetric node-to-node relationships, we explore new properties of real-world networks that describe the differences between various types of networks.
Hematologic safety of chronic brain‐penetrating erythropoietin dosing in APP/PS1 mice
Authors: Sun Jiahong , Yang Joshua , Whitman Kathrine , Zhu Charlene , Cribbs David H. , Boado Ruben J. , Pardridge William M. , Sumbria Rachita K. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionLow blood‐brain barrier (BBB) penetration and hematopoietic side effects limit the therapeutic development of erythropoietin (EPO) for Alzheimer's disease (AD). A fusion protein of EPO and a chimeric monoclonal antibody targeting the mouse transferrin receptor (cTfRMAb) has been engineered. The latter drives EPO into the brain via receptor‐mediated transcytosis across the BBB and increases its peripheral clearance to reduce hematopoietic side effects of EPO. Our previous work shows the protective effects of this BBB‐penetrating EPO in AD mice but hematologic effects have not been studied. Herein, we investigate the hematologic safety and therapeutic effects of chronic cTfRMAb‐EPO dosing, in comparison to recombinant human EPO (rhu‐EPO), in AD mice.MethodsMale APPswe PSEN1dE9 (APP/PS1) mice (9.5 months) were treated with saline (n = 11), and equimolar doses of cTfRMAb‐EPO (3 mg/kg, n = 7), or rhu‐EPO (0.6 mg/kg, n = 9) 2 days/week subcutaneously for 6 weeks, compared to saline‐treated wild‐type mice (n = 10). At 6 weeks, exploration and memory were assessed, and mice were sacrificed at 8 weeks. Spleens were weighed, and brains were evaluated for amyloid beta (Aβ) load and synaptophysin. Blood was collected at 4, 6 and 8 weeks for a complete blood count and white blood cells differential.ResultscTfRMAb‐EPO transiently increased reticulocyte counts after 4 weeks, followed by normalization of reticulocytes at 6 and 8 weeks. rhu‐EPO transiently increased red blood cell count, hemoglobin and hematocrit, and significantly decreased mean corpuscular volume and reticulocytes at 4 weeks, which remained low at 6 weeks. At 8 weeks, a significant decline in red blood cell indices was observed with rhu‐EPO treatment. Exploration and cognitive deficits were significantly worse in APP/PS1‐rhu‐EPO mice. Both cTfRMAb‐EPO and rhu‐EPO decreased 6E10‐positive brain Aβ load; however, cTfRMAb‐EPO and not rhu‐EPO selectively reduced brain Aβ1‐42 and elevated synaptophysin expression.DiscussionChronic treatment with cTfRMAb‐EPO results in better hematologic safety, behavioral, and therapeutic indices compared with rhu‐EPO, supporting the development of this BBB‐penetrable EPO analog for AD.
CUTTING A PART FROM MANY MEASURES
Authors: BLAGOJEVIĆ PAVLE V. M. , PALIĆ NEVENA , SOBERÓN PABLO , ZIEGLER GÜNTER M. 
Published: October 2019

Holmsen, Kynčl and Valculescu recently conjectured that if a finite set
$X$
with
$\ell n$
points in
$\mathbb{R}^{d}$
that is colored by
$m$
different colors can be partitioned into
$n$
subsets of
$\ell$
points each, such that each subset contains points of at least
$d$
different colors, then there exists such a partition of
$X$
with the additional property that the convex hulls of the
$n$
subsets are pairwise disjoint.We prove a continuous analogue of this conjecture, generalized so that each subset contains points of at least
$c$
different colors, where we also allow
$c$
to be greater than
$d$
. Furthermore, we give lower bounds on the fraction of the points each of the subsets contains from
$c$
different colors. For example, when
$n\geqslant 2$
,
$d\geqslant 2$
,
$c\geqslant d$
with
$m\geqslant n(c-d)+d$
are integers, and
$\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}_{1},\ldots ,\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}_{m}$
are
$m$
positive finite absolutely continuous measures on
$\mathbb{R}^{d}$
, we prove that there exists a partition of
$\mathbb{R}^{d}$
into
$n$
convex pieces which equiparts the measures
$\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}_{1},\ldots ,\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}_{d-1}$
, and in addition every piece of the partition has positive measure with respect to at least
$c$
of the measures
$\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}_{1},\ldots ,\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}_{m}$
.
Management of Ventenata dubia in the inland Pacific Northwest with indaziflam
Authors: Koby Lindsay E. , Prather Timothy S. , Quicke Harold , Beuschlein Jared , Burke Ian C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractVentenata [Ventenata dubia (Leers) Cross] is a winter annual grass relatively new to the inland Pacific Northwest that is capable of displacing desired vegetation. Indaziflam was evaluated for the management of V. dubia on two Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) sites near Moscow, ID, and Pullman, WA. While perennial grasses were dormant, applications of indaziflam in mixture with various herbicides were made in spring 2016. Treatment effects were evaluated for 2 yr by visual assessments of community composition and canopy cover of V. dubia and other non-weedy species (assessments occurred 3 to 6 mo after treatment, depending on location) and by representative cover class assessments. Biomass samples of all plant species were collected in the summer of 2017. Reduced V. dubia cover was observed in 2016, except when glyphosate was used alone. In 2017 indaziflam applied alone or in mixture with rimsulfuron effectively controlled V. dubia with minimal impact on desirable vegetation. Plant biomass from nontreated plots averaged 40 g m−2 for V. dubia and 100 to 179 g m−2 for perennial grasses. Plant biomass averaged <11 g m−2 for V. dubia and 371 to 490 g m−2 for perennial grasses when indaziflam at 102 g ai ha−1 plus glyphosate at 474 g ai ha−1 was applied. Smooth brome (Bromus inermis Leyss.) biomass was positively associated with the reduction of V. dubia, and there was a decrease in diversity associated with the removal of V. dubia through effective treatments. Indaziflam is an effective tool for the management of V. dubia in perennial grass stands, and spring applications of indaziflam should be in mixture with herbicides with POST activity.
The children of preterm survivors: shyness, parenting, and parental stress
Authors: Van Lieshout Ryan J. , Favotto Lindsay , Ferro Mark , Niccols Alison , Saigal Saroj , Morrison Katherine M. , Schmidt Louis A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractExtremely low birth weight (ELBW) survivors have higher rates of shyness, a risk factor for poorer outcomes across the life span. Due to advances in fetal and neonatal medicine, the first generation of ELBW survivors have survived to adulthood and become parents. However, no studies have investigated the transmission of their stress vulnerability to their offspring. We explored this phenomenon using a population-based cohort of ELBW survivors and normal birth weight (NBW) controls. Using data from three generations, we examined whether the shyness and parenting stress of ELBW and NBW participants (Generation 2) mediated the relation between the parenting style of their parents (Generation 1) and shyness in their offspring (Generation 3), and the extent to which exposure to perinatal adversity (Generation 2) moderated this mediating effect. We found that among ELBW survivors, parenting stress (in Generation 2) mediated the relation between overprotective parenting style in Generation 1 (grandparents) and child shyness in Generation 3. These findings suggest that perinatal adversity and stress may be transmitted to the next generation in humans, as reflected in their perceptions of their children as shy and socially anxious, a personality phenotype that may subsequently place their children at risk of later mental and physical health problems.
Predominant Sea Ice Fracture Zones Around Antarctica and Their Relation to Bathymetric Features
Authors: Reiser F. , Willmes S. , Hausmann U. , Heinemann G. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSea ice is of substantial importance for the Southern Ocean, as it insulates the relatively warm ocean from the cold atmosphere. Due to mechanical stress induced by wind and ocean currents, sea ice leads occur, which are characterized by open water and thin ice causing an increase of energy and moisture fluxes between ocean and atmosphere. Furthermore, they contribute to the ice production and provide a habitat for animals. Thus, it is important to gain information about the temporal and spatial distribution of leads on a circum‐Antarctic scale. So far, no operational data set exists, which provides such information. We use thermal satellite imagery from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer to derive the predominant lead patterns for 2003–2018, April–September. This study provides first results for the long‐term average lead frequencies in the Southern Ocean and discusses possible links to ocean currents, tides, and the bathymetry.
Modeling and Forecasting Aftershocks Can Be Improved by Incorporating Rupture Geometry in the ETAS Model
Authors: Guo Yicun , Zhuang Jiancang , Ogata Yosihiko 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe implemented an extended version of the space‐time Epidemic‐Type Aftershock Sequence (ETAS) model, which simultaneously incorporates earthquake focal depths and rupture geometries of large earthquakes, and applied it to the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake sequence. Results show that the new model corrects the estimation biases of model parameters in the point source ETAS model. The reconstructed patterns of productivity density of aftershocks, along the mainshock rupture plane, form complementary patterns for coseismic slip in space and show significant spatiotemporal migrations. Large aftershocks tend to nucleate at the edges of high productivity density areas. The decay of direct aftershocks near the mainshock rupture is consistent with static stress changes caused by the mainshock. The forecasting capability of the ETAS model can be enhanced by considering the rupture geometries of mainshocks, especially for forecasting aftershocks in the first 1–2 days. In the simulation test, the incorporation of focal depths improves the forecasting resolution.
Misbehaving High‐Energy Electrons: Evidence in Support of Ubiquitous Wave‐Particle Interactions on Dayside Martian Closed Crustal Magnetic Fields
Authors: Shane Alexander , Liemohn Michael , Florie Corinne , Xu Shaosui 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMultiple studies have reported either isotropic or trapped pitch angle distributions of high‐energy (>100 eV) electrons on closed crustal field lines on the dayside of Mars. These pitch angle distributions are not to be expected from collisional scattering and conservation of adiabatic invariants alone. We use 2 years of data from the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN mission to analyze the pitch angle distributions of superthermal electrons on dayside‐closed crustal magnetic fields and compare to results from an electron transport model. Low‐energy electrons (10–60 eV) have pitch angle distributions in agreement with modeling results, while high‐energy electrons (100–500 eV) do not. High‐energy electrons have a flux peak at perpendicular pitch angles which suggests there is a ubiquitous energization process occurring on crustal fields. Wave‐particle interactions seem to be the most likely candidate. Trapping of high‐energy electrons may impact the nightside ionosphere dynamics.