bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexual differences rather than flight performance underlie movement and exploration in a tropical butterfly
Authors: Reim Elisabeth , Kahl Stefan , Metschke Katja , Fischer Klaus 
Published: April 2019

1. Individual movement behaviour governs several routine processes, and may scale up to important ecological processes, including dispersal. However, movement is affected by a wealth of factors, including abiotic conditions, flight performance, and behavioural traits. Although it has been historically assumed that insect flight is in the first place ruled by physiology and morphology, researchers have only recently begun to understand the potentially important role of behavioural traits.2. This study aims to disentangle the relative importance of thermal conditions during development, and especially flight performance (capacity), versus behaviour (intrinsic motivation) in relation to movement attributes (i.e. time until take‐off, number of positions visited) under controlled laboratory conditions in the tropical butterflyBicyclus anynana.3. As predicted, links were found between flight performance (forced flight) and morphological traits (body size). However, this link was less pronounced for movement and exploratory behaviour, suggesting a more pronounced role of intrinsic motivation on the actual decision to move, or not. Thus, flight performance and movement may not be intimately associated.4. Flight behaviour was mainly determined by sexual differences, with males showing better flight performance, higher mobility, and enhanced exploration than females.5. Lower developmental temperatures increased thorax–abdomen ratio, thorax mass, and exploratory behaviour, and decreased wing loading. This may potentially aid flight capacity under thermally challenging conditions.6. This study adds to the growing evidence that behavioural traits should not be neglected when investigating movement and dispersal, as they may well play a crucially important role.
Specialisation in prey capture drives coexistence among sympatric spider‐hunting wasps
Authors: Moura Rafael R. , Pitilin Renan B. , Buschini Maria L.T. 
Published: April 2019

1. Sister taxa that coexist in the same space and time often face competition due to the use of similar resources. However, some closely related species can adopt fine‐grained specialisation in resource use to coexist. This study investigated niche overlap between three sympatric spider‐hunting wasp species of the genus Trypoxylon (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) known to nest in three of the habitats found in the study area.2. First, the co‐occurrence of these wasp species in the three habitats was estimated, as a proxy for potential competition. Then, the following hypotheses were tested: (i) niche partitioning is seen more often between species that co‐occur in a habitat, whereas there is niche overlap between species nesting in distinct habitats (prey specialisation hypothesis); and (ii) wasp species capture prey according to their size (physical constraint hypothesis).3. Two pairs of wasp species were found consistently nesting in the same habitat. Niche partitioning based on prey taxa occurred regardless of the habitat preference. It was also found that differences in the size of wasps reflected distinctions in the size of their prey.4. These findings were consistent over the years, showing that the significance of specialisation in foraging activities and physical constraints during prey capture can play key roles in the coexistence of sympatric species. The distinctions in the foraging strategies of these wasps are discussed, as well as potential mechanisms driving the evolution in prey specialisation, with insights for future studies.
Bone tissue response to an MTA‐based endodontic sealer, and the effect of the addition of calcium aluminate and silver particles
Authors: Almeida L. H. , Gomes A. P. N. , Gastmann A. H. , Pola N. M. , Moraes R. R. , Morgental R. D. , Cava S. S. , Felix A. O. C. , Pappen F. G. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimTo evaluate bone tissue reactions in rats to an MTA‐based endodontic sealer with and without the addition of various concentrations of C3A or C3A + Ag.MethodologyBone tissue reactions were evaluated in 45 Wistar rats after 7, 30 and 90 days (n = 5 per period). Three surgical cavities were prepared on the right femur and filled with 0.2 mL MTA Fillapex, MTA Fillapex + C3A and C3A + Ag at various concentrations: AH Plus (Dentsply DeTrey GmbH, Konstanz, Germany), EndoSequence BC (Brasseler USA, Savannah, GA, USA) or no sealer (negative control). By the end of each experimental period, animals were randomly euthanized. The samples were histologically processed and analysed using a light microscope. The presence of inflammatory cells, fibres and hard tissue barrier formation was evaluated. Data were analysed statistically using nonparametric tests to compare the differences between groups. Multiple groups were compared using the Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U‐tests with a Bonferroni correction at P = 0.05.ResultsThe inflammatory response significantly decreased from 30 to 90 days (P < 0.05). Fibre condensation was similar amongst the groups at 07 and 30 days after intervention (P > 0.05). At 90 days, however, fibres were absent in most specimens of EndoSequence BC Sealer, AH Plus, MTA Fillapex and the control group, whilst they were still observed in samples of the modified sealers (P < 0.05). At 90 days, all specimens of AH Plus, EndoSequence BC Sealer and control group had complete formation of hard tissue barrier. In the MTA Fillapex group, as well as in the modified sealers groups, partial deposition of mineralized tissue was noticed.ConclusionThe hypothesis tested that the incorporation of C3A and C3A + Ag particles to MTA Fillapex would improve bone tissue repair was partially accepted, since modified MTA Fillapex did not have the same repair potential as the commercial bioceramic material.
Chlorogenic acid: A potent molecule that protects cardiomyocytes from TNF‐α–induced injury via inhibiting NF‐κB and JNK signals
Authors: Tian Lei , Su Cong‐Ping , Wang Qing , Wu Fu‐Jian , Bai Rui , Zhang Hui‐Min , Liu Jin‐Ying , Lu Wen‐Jing , Wang Wei , Lan Feng , Guo Shu‐Zhen 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe traditional Chinese herb Lonicerae Japonicae Flos has shown significant clinical benefits in the treatment of heart failure, but the mechanism remains unclear. As the main active ingredient found in the plasma after oral administration of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos, chlorogenic acid (CGA) has been reported to possess anti‐inflammatory, anti‐oxidant and anti‐apoptosis function. We firstly confirmed the cardioprotective effects of CGA in transverse aortic constriction (TAC)‐induced heart failure mouse model, through mitigating the TNF‐α–induced toxicity. We further used TNF‐α‐induced cardiac injury in human induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC‐CMs) to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. CGA pre‐treatment could reverse TNF‐α–induced cellular injuries, including improved cell viability, increased mitochondrial membrane potential and inhibited cardiomyocytes apoptosis. We then examined the NF‐κB/p65 and major mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signalling pathways involved in TNF‐α–induced apoptosis of hiPSC‐CMs. Importantly, CGA can directly inhibit NF‐κB signal by suppressing the phosphorylation of NF‐κB/p65. As for the MAPKs, CGA suppressed the activity of only c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK), but enhanced extracellular signal‐regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) and had no effect on p38. In summary, our study revealed that CGA has profound cardioprotective effects through inhibiting the activation of NF‐κB and JNK pathway, providing a novel therapeutic alternative for prevention and treatment of heart failure.
Methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate protects against d-galN/LPS-induced acute liver injury by inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis in mice
Authors: Wang Xiangpeng , Wu Lulu , Zhang Quanshu , Li Lili , Xie Yanni , Wan Xing , Wu Hao , Xiang Yang 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (MDHB) on d-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide (d-galN/LPS)-induced acute liver failure (ALF).

Methods
Confirmed the hepatoprotective effect and hepatotoxicity of MDHB by histopathological examination (HE) and examination of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST); the expression of serum tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) was detected by ELISA; transcription levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) were detected by qRT-PCR; and phosphorylation levels of p38 and p65 were analysed by Western blot.

Results
Histopathological examination and examination of ALT and AST confirmed that MDHB is a low toxicity drug that can resist d-galN/LPS-induced ALF; MDHB can effectively reduce high transcription and expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and TLR4 in d-galN/LPS-induced ALF; and Western blot showed that MDHB could down-regulate the expression of bax, up-regulate the expression of bcl-xl and bcl-2, and inhibit the phosphorylation of p38 and p65.

Conclusions
Methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate can effectively resist d-galN/LPS-induced acute liver failure, which is related to the inhibition of inflammation and apoptosis.
Co‐registration of panoramic mobile mapping images and oblique aerial images
Authors: Fanta‐Jende Phillipp , Nex Francesco , Vosselman George , Gerke Markus 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMobile mapping relies on satellite‐based positioning, which suffers from line‐of‐sight and multipath issues. As an alternative, this paper presents a fully automatic approach for the co‐registration of mobile mapping and oblique aerial images to introduce highly accurate and reliable ground control for mobile mapping data adjustment. An oblique view of a scene introduces similarities as well as challenges regarding co‐registration with mobile mapping images, which is supported by mutual planes in both datasets. Façade planes from a sparse point cloud are used as projection surfaces for the mobile mapping and aerial datasets, overcoming large perspective differences between them to simplify the registration. The performance of the procedure indicates an inlier rate of around 80%.
Women's relationships with women at work: Barriers to solidarity
Authors: Webber Gretchen R. , Giuffre Patti 
Published: April 2019

AbstractVoluminous scholarship documents the wage gap, occupational segregation, sexual harassment, and other forms of gender inequality at work. Few sociological studies explore women's work relationships with other women. Our article summarizes existing research from several disciplines on women's working relationships with other women. Specifically, three themes about the conditions of work emerge that discourage women's support for other women: (a) negative stereotypes about women, (b) lack of recognition of gender inequality, and (c) the devaluation of women's relationships, groups, and networks. We assert that these conditions reinforce essentialized notions of women, ignore larger structural inequalities at work, and cast women as the primary culprit in perpetuating gender inequality at work. We conclude with promising areas for future research on women's working relationships with other women.
Analytical and Low-Order Numerical Modeling of Ball-to-Ball Contact Friction in Linear Ball Bearings and Ball Screws
Authors: Lin Bo , Duan Molong , Okwudire Chinedum E. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Analytical and low-order numerical models are very useful for studying friction behavior of rolling element machine components like ball bearings and ball screws. This is because they provide generalizable insights into friction behavior at much lower computational costs compared with high-order numerical models like finite element analysis (FEA). While analytical and low-order numerical models in the literature are mainly focused on ball-to-groove contact friction, experimental studies have shown that ball-to-ball contact friction is also very important. This is especially true for linear ball bearings/guideways and ball screws which, unlike rotary ball bearings, do not typically make use of caged balls to prevent ball-to-ball contact. Therefore, in this paper, low-order numerical models for ball-to-ball contact friction in linear ball bearings and ball screws are developed. Furthermore, an analytical model for ball-to-ball contact friction in four-point contact linear ball bearing is derived by making simplifications to its low-order numerical model. Compared with ball-to-ball friction predictions from FEA models developed in ansys, the proposed numerical models are shown in case studies to be accurate within 7%, while computing at least three orders of magnitude faster. Moreover, case studies are used to demonstrate how the developed models can be used in practice, e.g., for the mitigation of ball-to-ball contact friction in linear ball bearings and the prediction of friction variation during the operation of a ball screw.
Shared decision making for thromboembolic prophylaxis in non-valvular atrial fibrillation: promise and problems with the American College of Cardiology’s AnticoagEvaluator (based on SPARCtool)
Authors: Mayer Martin 
Published: April 2019

Background and methodsPeople with atrial fibrillation face an increased risk of thromboembolic events, and deciding on an antithromboembolic strategy in non-valvular atrial fibrillation is a prime opportunity for shared decision making. Therefore, tools facilitating this process are highly desirable. The American College of Cardiology strives for such with its ‘AnticoagEvaluator’, which is based on Peter Loewen’s ‘SPARCtool’. However, it appears these tools were released without standard peer review. Therefore, an analysis of these tools was undertaken to evaluate their soundness, namely proper use of baseline risk and effect estimates from the available evidence.ResultsDespite Loewen’s laudable idea and the American College of Cardiology developing AnticoagEvaluator based on Loewen’s work, both tools have a flaw: they use relative effect estimates based on composite outcomes (thromboembolic and haemorrhagic) that do not match the baseline risk to which they are applied (thromboembolic). This can lead to importantly inaccurate impressions of therapeutic efficacy. This analysis explores this issue and offers potential solutions.ConclusionsThe American College of Cardiology releasing and promoting a tool that gives misleading impressions of therapeutic efficacy is of considerable importance, though SPARCtool should also be corrected as a matter of importance. Means to correct the tools are identified herein, and if corrected, these tools stand to better fulfil their intended purpose as important and useful additions for clinical and shared decision making. This article’s analysis of the tools has a directly practical purpose, but it also serves as an instructive example of key elements of evidence-based medicine and shared decision making.
Assessing the non-inferiority of prosthesis constructs used in total and unicondylar knee replacements using data from the National Joint Registry of England, Wales, Northern Ireland and the Isle of Man: a benchmarking study
Authors: Deere Kevin C , Whitehouse Michael R , Porter Martyn , Blom Ashley W , Sayers Adrian 
Published: April 2019

ObjectivesTo investigate the relative performance of knee replacement constructs compared with the best performing construct and illustrate the substantial variability in performance.DesignA non-inferiority study.SettingEngland and Wales.ParticipantsAll primary total and unicondylar knee replacements performed and registered in the National Joint Registry between 1 April 2003 and 31 December 2016.Main outcome measuresKaplan-Meier failure function for knee replacement constructs. Failure difference between best performing construct (the benchmark) and other constructs.MethodsUsing a non-inferiority analysis, the performance of knee replacement constructs by brand were compared with the best performing construct. Construct failure was estimated using the 1-Kaplan Meier method, that is, an estimate of net failure. The difference in failure between the contemporary benchmark construct and all other constructs were tested.ResultsOf the 449 different knee replacement constructs used, only 27 had ≥500 procedures at risk at 10 years postprimary, 18 of which were classified as inferior to the benchmark by at least 20% relative risk of failure. Two of these 18 were unicondylar constructs that were inferior by at least 100% relative risk. In men, aged 55–75 years, 12 of 27 (44%) constructs were inferior by at least 20% to the benchmark at 7 years postprimary. In women, aged 55–75 years, 8 of 32 (25%) constructs were inferior at 7 years postprimary. Very few constructs were classified as non-inferior to the contemporary benchmark.ConclusionsThere are few knee replacement constructs that can be shown to be non-inferior to a contemporary benchmark. Unicondylar knee constructs have, almost universally, at least 100% worse revision outcomes compared with the best performing total knee replacement. These results will help to inform patients, clinicians and commissioners when considering knee replacement surgery.
A multidisciplinary approach to the management of NAFLD is associated with improvement in markers of liver and cardio-metabolic health
Authors: Moolla Ahmad , Motohashi Kenzo , Marjot Thomas , Shard Amelia , Ainsworth Mark , Gray Alastair , Holman Rury , Pavlides Michael , Ryan John D , Tomlinson Jeremy W , Cobbold Jeremy F 
Published: April 2019

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a globally prevalent health problem, associated in its more severe forms with increased liver-related and cardiovascular-related morbidity and mortality. We established a multidisciplinary metabolic hepatology clinic in 2014 and have analysed the clinical data to evaluate the effectiveness of this service.Patients with NAFLD (n=165) who had attended two or more appointments were included. Prespecified clinical data were collected prospectively at clinic appointments and analysed retrospectively. Interventions offered included lifestyle advice, signposting to weight loss services and pharmacological treatment of diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors.Median follow-up was 13 months (range: 2–34). 59% (n=97) of patients had type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). 53% (n=87) underwent liver biopsy of whom 18% (n=16) had cirrhosis. Median alanine aminotransferase (ALT) reduced by 11 IU/L (p<0.0001), median weight reduced by 3.3 kg (p=0.0005). There were significant reductions in HbA1c, total cholesterol and liver stiffness. Specifically, in patients with T2DM, HbA1c decreased by 4 mmol/mol (p=0.01) with significant reductions in ALT, weight and total cholesterol. Relative cardiovascular risk assessed by the QRISK3 score reduced in the whole cohort and in those with T2DM. Health economic modelling suggested the clinic intervention among those patients with poorly controlled T2DM was cost-effective.In conclusion, a multidisciplinary approach to the management of patients with NAFLD in this observational cohort study was associated with improvements in liver-related and cardio-metabolic related health parameters and with evidence of cost-effectiveness in patients with poorly controlled T2DM.
Synthetic indicator of the impact of colorectal cancer screening programmes on incidence rates
Authors: Zorzi Manuel , Zappa Marco 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveThe impact of a screening programme on colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence in its target population depends on several variables, including coverage with invitations, participation rate, positivity rate of the screening test, compliance with an invitation to second-level assessment and endoscopists’ sensitivity. We propose a synthetic indicator that may account for all the variables influencing the potential impact of a screening programme on CRC incidence.DesignWe defined the ‘rate of advanced adenoma on the target population’ (AA-TAP) as the rate of patients who received a diagnosis of advanced adenoma within a screening programme, divided by the programme target population. We computed the AA-TAP for the CRC Italian screening programmes (biennial faecal immunochemical test, target population 50–69 year olds) using the data of the Italian National Survey from 2003 to 2016, overall and by region, and assessed the association between AA-TAP and CRC incidence fitting a linear regression between the trend of regional CRC incidence rates in 50–74 year old subjects and the cumulative AA-TAP.ResultsIn 2016, the AA-TAP at a national level was 105×100 000, whereas significant differences were observed between the northern and central regions (respectively 126 and 149×100 000) and the South and Islands (36×100 000). The cumulative AA-TAP from 2004 to 2012 was significantly correlated with the difference between CRC incidence rates in 2013–2014 and those in 2003–2004 (p=0.009).ConclusionThe AA-TAP summarises into a single indicator the potential impact of a screening programme in reducing CRC incidence rates.
Large-scale and high-resolution analysis of food purchases and health outcomes
Authors: Aiello Luca Maria , Schifanella Rossano , Quercia Daniele , Del Prete Lucia 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTo complement traditional dietary surveys, which are costly and of limited scale, researchers have resorted to digital data to infer the impact of eating habits on people’s health. However, online studies are limited in resolution: they are carried out at country or regional level and do not capture precisely the composition of the food consumed. We study the association between food consumption (derived from the loyalty cards of the main grocery retailer in London) and health outcomes (derived from publicly-available medical prescription records of all general practitioners in the city). The scale and granularity of our analysis is unprecedented: we analyze 1.6B food item purchases and 1.1B medical prescriptions for the entire city of London over the course of one year. By studying food consumption down to the level of nutrients, we show that nutrient diversity and amount of calories are the two strongest predictors of the prevalence of three diseases related to what is called the “metabolic syndrome”: hypertension, high cholesterol, and diabetes. This syndrome is a cluster of symptoms generally associated with obesity, is common across the rich world, and affects one in four adults in the UK. Our linear regression models achieve an$R^{2}$R2of 0.6 when estimating the prevalence of diabetes in nearly 1000 census areas in London, and a classifier can identify (un)healthy areas with up to 91% accuracy. Interestingly, healthy areas are not necessarily well-off (income matters less than what one would expect) and have distinctive features: they tend to systematically eat less carbohydrates and sugar, diversify nutrients, and avoid large quantities. More generally, our study shows that analytics of digital records of grocery purchases can be used as a cheap and scalable tool for health surveillance and, upon these records, different stakeholders from governments to insurance companies to food companies could implement effective prevention strategies.