bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cryptic wide‐ranging movements lead to upwardly biased occupancy in a territorial species
Authors: Berigan William J. , Jones Gavin M. , Whitmore Sheila A. , Gutiérrez R. J. , Peery M. Z. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Occupancy modelling is useful for inferring population status and dynamics when occupancy reflects the presence of established individuals or populations, such as residents detected at breeding sites. However, if occupancy is assumed to reflect the presence of established residents but reflects transient movements from nonresidents at truly unoccupied sites, inferences about population status will be overly optimistic. In population monitoring, detections arising from dispersing or wide‐ranging individuals could be considered “false positives” because they do not reflect true contributions to local occupancy dynamics.

The spotted owl Strix occidentalis is one of the most studied endangered species in the world and motivated the development of occupancy models to monitor populations. Because spotted owls are site‐faithful, it is assumed that detections within known breeding areas represent occupancy of established residents. We evaluated this assumption by (a) characterizing the extent to which GPS‐marked owls used multiple nest/roost areas, and (b) using detection/nondetection data to estimate the effect of false positive detections generated by wide‐ranging movements on occupancy.

Thirty‐one of 36 GPS‐marked owls (86%) used nest/roost areas other than their own, and 11 owls (30%) used five or more. In occupancy analyses, 8% of all detections were confirmed to be false positives of colour‐marked wide‐ranging individuals and 20% of all detections were classified as “ambiguous” and, therefore, potential false positives.

On average, failing to account for false positive detections upwardly biased occupancy by a factor of 1.29 (95% CI: 1.23–1.34). However, in the year following a large, severe fire that affected 30 of 84 owl nest/roost areas in our study area, failing to account for false positives upwardly biased occupancy by a factor of 1.65 (95% CI: 1.17–2.12).

Synthesis and applications. If unrecognized or unaccounted for, “false positive” detections of wide‐ranging individuals outside their predicted territories can generate upward biases in occupancy and potentially mask effects of ecological disturbances. We recommend researchers minimize the potential for movement‐related false positive detections by developing study designs that reduce the frequency of such detections, excluding false positive detections using field data when possible, and explicitly modelling false positive errors.
Gestating bodies: sensing foetal movement in first‐time pregnancy
Authors: Ross Emily 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA large body of literature engages with personal accounts of pregnancy to illustrate the subjugation of women's embodied experience by practices of biomedicine. This article explores this issue through women's accounts of sensing initial foetal movement, drawn from qualitative interviews with 15 women resident in theUK. Participants depict this aspect of pregnant embodiment as ambiguous and indefinite, in contrast to clinical and popular representations of foetal movement. In highlighting the uncertainties characteristic of this corporeal event, the article adds to literature destabilising understandings of pregnant women's and foetal bodies as bounded and distinct. Ambiguous experiences of foetal movement arise in the context of sociocultural framings of pregnancy as ‘at risk’, and in turn, may be seen to contribute to these representations, with some participants articulating that uncertain sensations could provoke anxiety. In this article, perceptions of foetal movement are emphasised as valuable to women, and as inextricable from the social settings in which they emerge. This research has implications for sociological and feminist discussions of pregnancy, and work exploring the mutual shaping of corporeality and sociocultural contexts more widely.
Multilevel Analysis of Child and Adolescent Subjective Well‐Being Across 14 Countries: Child‐ and Country‐Level Predictors
Authors: Newland Lisa A. , Giger Jarod T. , Lawler Michael J. , Roh Soonhee , Brockevelt Barbara L. , Schweinle Amy 
Published: September 2018

This study tests an ecological, relationship‐based model of children's subjective well‐being with 9‐ to 14‐year‐old children (n = 25,906) from 14 countries across Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, and South America. Children completed the Children's Worlds survey, a self‐report measure of contextual and well‐being indicators. Multilevel modeling was used to predict children's well‐being (life satisfaction and self‐image) at two levels, child (age, gender, home context, family relationships, peer relationships, school context, teacher relationships, and neighborhood quality), and country (gross domestic product and income inequality). Findings indicated that intercepts varied significantly across countries. The majority of variance in children's well‐being was attributed to child‐level rather than country‐level factors. Country‐level factors did not strongly predict well‐being but marginally improved model fit.
Neutrophils induce smooth muscle hyperplasia via neutrophil elastase‐induced FGF‐2 in a mouse model of asthma with mixed inflammation
Authors: Ogawa Hirohisa , Azuma Masahiko , Tsunematsu Takaaki , Morimoto Yuuki , Kondo Mayo , Tezuka Toshifumi , Nishioka Yasuhiko , Tsuneyama Koichi 
Published: September 2018

SummaryBackgroundBronchial asthma is traditionally characterized by chronic allergic inflammation, including eosinophilia and elevated Th2 cytokines. Recently, IL‐17‐derived neutrophil infiltration was shown to correlate with asthma severity and airway remodelling.ObjectiveTo investigate the role of IL‐17‐derived neutrophils in airway remodelling in chronic bronchial asthma.MethodsWe utilized house dust mite antigen‐induced mouse models of asthma. Intranasal sensitization and chronic antigen challenge caused a mixed allergic inflammation that included eosinophils and neutrophils (Mix‐in group). We neutralized IL‐17 and fibroblast growth factor (FGF‐2) and investigated the mechanism of airway remodelling in the Mix‐in group.ResultsThe Mix‐in group displayed neutrophilic infiltration and high levels of IL‐17 in lung tissue. The Mix‐in group also exhibited more bronchial smooth muscle hyperplasia. IL‐17 neutralization decreased the magnitude of all of these effects in the Mix‐in group. Antibody arrays revealed an increase in FGF‐2 in the Mix‐in Group relative to the Eo‐ip group, and FGF‐2 elevation was associated with smooth muscle hypertrophy/hyperplasia. High concentrations of neutrophil elastase enhanced E‐cadherin/β‐catenin signalling in bronchial epithelial cells. Neutrophil elastase inhibitor treatment decreased FGF‐2 production and E‐cadherin/β‐catenin signalling, which inhibited smooth muscle hyperplasia.ConclusionThe IL‐17/neutrophil axis may play an important role in airway remodelling by contributing to smooth muscle hypertrophy/hyperplasia in mixed allergic inflammation and accordingly represents an attractive therapeutic target for severe asthma.
Optimizing collaborator recruitment and maintaining engagement via social media during large multicentre studies: lessons learned from the National Audit of Small Bowel Obstruction (NASBO)
Authors: Sayers A. E. , Lee M. J. , Smart N. , Fearnhead N. S. ,   the NASBO Steering Group
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimThe National Audit of Small Bowel Obstruction was a UK‐wide study active in early 2017. A Twitter© account was used to interact with collaborators and the public throughout the study to assess whether the use of social media improved study engagement and to establish which Tweet signature styles achieved the highest levels of reach and engagement.MethodTwitter© analytics for @NASBO2017 covering June 2016–May 2017 were reviewed. The number of impressions, Tweet engagements and the engagement rate were analysed according to study stage.ResultsA total of 176 Tweets were made over the study period. The median number of impressions achieved by a Tweet was 533 (75–2709). 3863 engagements were made with National Audit of Small Bowel Obstruction Tweets with a median number of 10 (0–159) per Tweet. The average overall Tweet engagement rate was 3.3% (0%–14.2%). Tweets with most impressions either used images or tagged institutions (e.g. Royal Colleges, professional bodies). The number of impressions and engagement with the Tweets increased over the study period, due to the incremental growth of the National Audit of Small Bowel Obstruction Twitter© account and the identification of successful Tweet styles.ConclusionsSocial media provided a major contribution to a successful concerted policy of maintaining collaborator engagement during the National Audit of Small Bowel Obstruction. The use of images and videos and tagging of relevant professional bodies aided the reach and engagement of each Tweet. These data can be used to inform engagement strategies for future collaborative projects.
Population history provides foundational knowledge for utilizing and developing native plant restoration materials
Authors: Massatti Rob , Prendeville Holly R. , Larson Steve , Richardson Bryce A. , Waldron Blair , Kilkenny Francis F. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA species’ population structure and history are critical pieces of information that can help guide the use of available native plant materials in restoration treatments and decide what new native plant materials should be developed to meet future restoration needs. In the western United States, Pseudoroegneria spicata (bluebunch wheatgrass; Poaceae) is an important component of grassland and shrubland plant communities and commonly used for restoration due to its drought resistance and competitiveness with exotic weeds. We used next‐generation sequencing data to investigate the processes that shaped P. spicata's geographic pattern of genetic variation across the Intermountain West. Pseudoroegneria spicata's genetic diversity is partitioned into populations that likely differentiated since the Last Glacial Maximum. Adjacent populations display varying magnitudes of historical gene flow, with migration rates ranging from multiple migrants per generation to multiple generations per migrant. When considering the commercial germplasm sources available for restoration, genetic identities remain representative of the wildland localities from which germplasm sources were originally developed, and they maintain high levels of heterozygosity and nucleotide diversity. However, the commercial germplasm sources represent a small fraction of the overall genetic diversity of P. spicata in the Intermountain West. Given the low migration rates and long divergence times between some pairs of P. spicata populations, using commercial germplasm sources could facilitate undesirable restoration outcomes when used in certain geographic areas, even if the environment in which the commercial materials thrive is similar to that of the restoration site. As such, population structure and history can be used to provide guidance on what geographic areas may need additional native plant materials so that restoration efforts support species and community resilience and improve outcomes.
Assessment of systolic and diastolic function in clinically healthy horses using ambulatory acoustic cardiography
Authors: Zuber N. , Zuber M. , Schwarzwald C. C. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryBackgroundAssessment of cardiac electromechanical function in horses requires training, experience and specialised equipment and does not allow continuous monitoring over time.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to establish the use of an acoustic ECG monitor (Audicor®) in healthy horses. It provides noninvasive, examiner‐independent, continuous analyses combining ECG and phonocardiography to calculate indices of cardiac mechanical activity and haemodynamics. Device usability was investigated, reference intervals calculated and reproducibility of analyses assessed.Study designProspective descriptive study.MethodsContinuous overnight recordings were obtained in 123 healthy horses. ECG and acoustic cardiography analyses were performed. Electromechanical activating time (EMAT), rate‐corrected EMATc, left ventricular systolic time (LVST), rate‐corrected LVSTc and intensity and persistence of the third and fourth heart sound (S3, S4) were reported. Associations with age and reproducibility of analyses were assessed.ResultsAudicor® recordings of diagnostic quality were obtained in 116 horses, with an artefact‐free recording time of 1:08–14:03 h (mean 10:21 h). 44.8% of the horses had atrial premature complexes (up to 0.18% of analysed beats), 4.3% had ventricular premature complexes (up to 0.021% of analysed beats). Reference intervals for acoustic cardiography variables were reported. S3 was significantly more often graded ≥5 (scale 0–10) in younger compared to older horses (P = 0.0036, R2 = 0.072). The between‐day coefficient of variation ranged from 2.5 to 7.7% for EMAT, EMATc, LVST and LVSTc.Main limitationsAudicor® algorithms are based on human databases. Horses were deemed clinically healthy without advanced diagnostics. Some data were lost because of technical difficulties, artefacts and noises.ConclusionsOvernight Audicor® recordings are feasible in horses. Combining ambulatory ECG and phonocardiography allows noninvasive, continuous assessment of variables representing systolic and diastolic cardiac function. ECG rhythm analyses require over‐reading by a specialist, but acoustic cardiography variables are based on automated algorithms independent of examiner input. Further studies are required to establish the clinical value of acoustic cardiography in horses.
Chemosensory proteins used as target for screening behaviourally active compounds in the rice pest Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Authors: Duan S.‐G. , Li D.‐Z. , Wang M.‐Q. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractReverse chemical ecology based on insect functional odorant binding proteins has been extensively studied to screen behaviourally active compounds, whereas chemosensory proteins (CSPs), which are reportedly involved in olfactory chemical reception and could serve as molecular targets remain unclear. In the present study, two behaviourally active compounds for Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, a serious pest of rice in Asia, were successfully screened via an antenna‐biased CSP, CmedCSP33. Fluorescence competitive binding assays showed that CmedCSP33 could bind to seven out of 32 rice volatiles. Fluorescence quenching experiments revealed that CmedCSP33 forms a stable complex with nerolidol and β‐ionone, and circular dichroism (CD) spectra demonstrated that these two compounds cause conformational changes in CmedCSP33. Furthermore, H‐tube olfactometer bioassays showed that C. medinalis displayed prominent attractant responses to nerolidol and prominent repellent responses to β‐ionone. Additionally, binding assays and CD spectra at different pH values implied that extensive conformational changes may be a general feature of CSPs for triggering the subsequent chemical transduction. Overall, our findings provide evidence for the involvement of CSPs in olfactory perception, and a protocol for effectively screening behaviourally active compounds.
Which is better, high‐dose metformin monotherapy or low‐dose metformin/linagliptin combination therapy, in improving glycemic variability in type 2 diabetes patients with insufficient glycemic control despite low‐dose metformin monotherapy? A randomized, cross‐over, continuous glucose monitoring‐based pilot study
Authors: Takahashi Hiroshi , Nishimura Rimei , Tsujino Daisuke , Utsunomiya Kazunori 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe present study investigated the effect of high‐dose metformin or low‐dose metformin/linagliptin combination therapy on glycemic variability (GV) in type 2 diabetes patients with insufficient glycemic control despite low‐dose metformin monotherapy in a cross‐over study using continuous glucose monitoring.Materials and MethodsThe present study was carried out with 11 type 2 diabetes outpatients (7% < glycated hemoglobin < 10%) receiving low‐dose metformin monotherapy (500–1,000 mg). All patients were assigned to either metformin 1,500 mg monotherapy (HMET) or combination therapy of low‐dose (750 mg) metformin and linagliptin 5 mg (LMET + dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 [DPP4]). GV was evaluated by continuous glucose monitoring after >4 weeks of the initial treatment and again after cross‐over to the other treatment. GV metrics were compared between the treatments using the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test.ResultsOf the continuous glucose monitoring‐derived GV metrics for the HMET versus LMET + DPP4, mean glucose levels, standard deviations and mean amplitude of glucose excursions were not significantly different. Although the pre‐breakfast glucose levels were not significantly different among the treatments (P = 0.248), the 3‐h postprandial glucose area under the curve (>160 mg/dL) after breakfast was significantly larger with HMET versus LMET + DPP4 (9,550 [2,075–11,395] vs 4,065 [1,950–8,895]; P = 0.041).ConclusionsA comparison of GV with HMET versus LMET + DPP4 suggested that LMET + DPP4 might reduce post‐breakfast GV to a greater degree than HMET in type 2 diabetes patients receiving low‐dose metformin monotherapy.
Plant lncRNAs are enriched in and move systemically through the phloem in response to phosphate deficiency
Authors: Zhang Zhaoliang , Zheng Yi , Ham Byung‐Kook , Zhang Shupei , Fei Zhangjun , Lucas William J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn response to phosphate (Pi) deficiency, it has been shown that micro‐RNAs (miRNAs) and mRNAs are transported through the phloem for delivery to sink tissues. Growing evidence also indicates that long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are critical regulators of Pi homeostasis in plants. However, whether lncRNAs are present in and move through the phloem, in response to Pi deficiency, remains to be established. Here, using cucumber as a model plant, we show that lncRNAs are enriched in the phloem translocation stream and respond, systemically, to an imposed Pi‐stress. A well‐known lncRNA, IPS1, the target mimic (TM) of miRNA399, accumulates to a high level in the phloem, but is not responsive to early Pi deficiency. An additional 24 miRNA TMs were also detected in the phloem translocation stream; among them miRNA171 TMs and miR166 TMs were induced in response to an imposed Pi stress. Grafting studies identified 22 lncRNAs which move systemically into developing leaves and root tips. A CU‐rich PTB motif was further identified in these mobile lncRNAs. Our findings revealed that lncRNAs respond to Pi deficiency, non‐cell‐autonomously, and may act as systemic signaling agents to coordinate early Pi deficiency signaling, at the whole‐plant level.
Novel ethosomal gel of clove oil for the treatment of cutaneous candidiasis
Authors: Shetty Shweta , Jose Jobin , Kumar Lalit , Charyulu R Narayana 
Published: September 2018

SummaryBackgroundDual‐release mechanism of ethosomal gels (ie, ethosomes and gel) makes them as versatile drug delivery systems for topical applications. Clove oil is obtained from the clove buds exhibited broad antifungal and antibacterial activity. Cutaneous candidiasis is the infection caused by Candida albicans or other Candida species.AimThe aim of the present study was to prepare ethosomal gel of clove oil and evaluate its effectiveness in the treatment of cutaneous candidiasis.MethodsEthosomes of clove oil was formulated by using varying concentrations of soyaphosphotidyl choline and ethanol, and later, it was incorporated into carbapol 974 base gels to form ethosomal gel. The prepared ethosomal gels were also evaluated for spreadability, drug release studies, ex vivo permeation study, and antifungal activity.ResultsThe optimized formulation did not cause any irritation to the skin since the pH of formulation was in the pH range of skin. The ethosomal gel showed satisfactory antifungal activity against the fungus C. albicans compared to pure clove oil.ConclusionsThe results showed that developed formulation could be promising one in the topical delivery of clove oil for the treatment of cutaneous candidiasis.
Transient genetic transformation of Mougeotia scalaris (Zygnematophyceae) mediated by the endogenous α‐tubulin1 promoter
Authors: Regensdorff Merle , Deckena Marek , Stein Maike , Borchers Agnes , Scherer Gwydion , Lammers Maike , Hänsch Robert , Zachgo Sabine , Buschmann Henrik 
Published: September 2018

Mougeotia scalaris is a filamentous streptophyte alga renowned for light‐inducible plastid rotation and microtubule‐dependent polarity establishment. As a first step toward transgenic approaches we determined the 5,825 base pair genomic sequence encoding the α‐tubulin1 gene (MsTUA1) of M. scalaris (strain SAG 164.80). The subcloned MsTUA1 promoter facilitated strong transgene expression in M. scalaris and tobacco leaf cells, as shown by particle bombardment and the subsequent visualization of expressed fluorescent protein markers. Our results provide a route for the genetic transformation of the filamentous streptophyte alga M. scalaris based on the endogenous TUA1 promoter.
Identification and quantification of domestic feline cytochrome P450 transcriptome across multiple tissues
Authors: Visser Marike , Weber Kristina L. , Lyons Leslie A. , Rincon Gonzalo , Boothe Dawn M. , Merritt Dawn A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractUnderstanding of cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoform distribution and function in the domestic feline is limited. Only a few studies have defined individual CYP isoforms across metabolically relevant tissues, hampering the ability to predict drug metabolism and potential drug–drug interactions. Using RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq), transcriptomes from the 99 Lives Cat Genome Sequencing Initiative databank combined with experimentally acquired whole transcriptome sequencing of healthy, adult male (n = 2) and female (n = 2) domestic felines, expression of 42 CYP isoforms were identified in 20 different tissues. Thirty‐seven of these isoforms had not been previously reported in cats. Depending on the tissue, three to twenty‐nine CYP isoform transcripts were expressed. The feline genome annotations did not differentiate CYP2E1 and 2E2 genes, demonstrating poor annotation for this gene using the reference genome. As the majority of the sequences are based on automated pipelines, complete cDNA sequences for translation into CYP protein sequences could not be determined. This study is the first to identify and characterize 37 additional CYP isoforms in feline tissues, increasing the number of identified CYP from the previously reported seven isoforms to 42 across 20 tissues.