bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary Loss of Genomic Proximity to Conserved Noncoding Elements Impacted the Gene Expression Dynamics During Mammalian Brain Development
Authors: Bagadia Meenakshi , Chandradoss Keerthivasan Raanin , Jain Yachna , Singh Harpreet , Lal Mohan , Sandhu Kuljeet Singh 
Published: February 2019

AbstractLoss of linear proximity between a gene and its regulatory element can alter its expression. Bagadia and Chandradoss et al. report a significant loss of proximity between evolutionarily constrained non-coding elements and...Conserved noncoding elements (CNEs) have a significant regulatory influence on their neighboring genes. Loss of proximity to CNEs through genomic rearrangements can, therefore, impact the transcriptional states of the cognate genes. Yet, the evolutionary implications of such chromosomal alterations have not been studied. Through genome-wide analysis of CNEs and the cognate genes of representative species from five different mammalian orders, we observed a significant loss of genes’ linear proximity to CNEs in the rat lineage. The CNEs and the genes losing proximity had a significant association with fetal, but not postnatal, brain development as assessed through ontology terms, developmental gene expression, chromatin marks, and genetic mutations. The loss of proximity to CNEs correlated with the independent evolutionary loss of fetus-specific upregulation of nearby genes in the rat brain. DNA breakpoints implicated in brain abnormalities of germline origin had significant representation between a CNE and the gene that exhibited loss of proximity, signifying the underlying developmental tolerance of genomic rearrangements that allowed the evolutionary splits of CNEs and the cognate genes in the rodent lineage. Our observations highlighted a nontrivial impact of chromosomal rearrangements in shaping the evolutionary dynamics of mammalian brain development and might explain the loss of brain traits, like cerebral folding of the cortex, in the rodent lineage.
A randomized controlled trial to compare effects of different volume and concentration of lidocaine for preventing propofol injection pain in adults
Authors: Patyal Ashish , Verma Anjana , Buddhi Madhavi 
Published: February 2019

Background: Pain on propofol injection is an unwanted effect which can lead to decreased patient satisfaction. Although many studies have shown that pre-treatment with lidocaine injection is effective in this pain, nevertheless, very few studies have been done on different concentration and volume of lidocaine, effective of reducing pain significantly. Objective of the current study was to assess and compare the efficacy of intravenous lidocaine with 0.4% and 2% concentration in reducing the incidence and severity of propofol injection pain.Methods: A total of 126 American Society of Anesthesiologist grade I and II patients with age ≥18 years, scheduled for an elective surgery, were enrolled in the study. Patients were randomized into two equal groups of 63 each. Group A (n = 63) received pretreatment with 0.4% lidocaine and group B (n = 63) received 2% lidocaine. Propofol injection pain was measured by using Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) and Withdrawl Response Scale (WRS). Unpaired t test, ANOVA and Chi square test were used for statistical analysis.Results: A statistically significant decrease in the pain was recorded in group A (0.4% lidocaine) as compared to group B (2% lidocaine). Using NRS scale, 12% of patients in group A as compared to 33% patients of group B, experienced pain (p =0.02); while using WRS, 8% patients of group A as compared to 27% group B patients experienced pain (p= 0.04).Conclusions: The pain on injection of propofol is significantly decreased by the use of 0.4% lidocaine in comparison with 2% Lidocaine.
Urinary tract Infection among type 2 diabetic patients admitted in a multispecialty hospital in South Chennai, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Vignesh P. S. , Gopinath T. T. , Sriram D. K. 
Published: February 2019

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic and potentially disabling disease which is reaching an epidemic proportion in many parts of the world. UTI is a common infection observed in diabetic patients. The objectives of this study was to determine the prevalence of UTI among hospitalized type 2 diabetic patients, the frequent bacteria responsible for UTI and most susceptible antibiotics among the diabetic patients.Methods: A hospital-based study involving type 2 diabetes patients admitted with diagnosis of UTI between 2017- 2018 (July - June). The study was a cross sectional study and was approved by the Ethics Committee of the hospital. Patients fitting study inclusion and exclusion criteria took part in the study with informed written consent obtained. A validated pilot-tested questionnaire was used as a tool for data collection.Results: Total of 126 subjects were identified. Prevalence of UTI was around 25% higher in women with type 2 diabetes than in men. UTI was found to be significantly associated with age, creatinine (p<0.05) and Escherichia coli was the commonly isolated micro-organism. The gram negative pathogens were highly sensitive to cefoperazone-sulbactum and amikacin was found to be the most sensitive antibiotic for both gram positive and gram negative pathogens.Conclusions: UTIs are frequent in diabetic patients. Improved glycemic control in diabetics may help in controlling the UTIs. Accurate screening for UTI in diabetic patients is also critical to enable the appropriate treatment and avoiding related complications.
A rare morphological and immunophenotypic presentation of adult B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia with blasts in the monocytic zone on CD45 side scatter
Authors: Bhat Shuaeb , Hussain Saleem 
Published: February 2019

<p class="abstract">We present a case of B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia in an elderly patient who presented with severe weakness and pancytopenia. The patient was a 75 year old Female whose blasts had an unusual morphology in form of coarse azurophilic granules and cytoplasmic blebs and on flow cytometry the blasts were present in the bright CD45 zone with a high side scatter. Bone marrow aspirate sample was subjected to multicolour flow cytometry using Beckman Coulter Navios® which is an 8 colour flow cytometer. Flow cytometric analysis of the bone marrow aspirate showed blasts in the monocytic zone with a precursor B cell immunophenotype. Complete blood counts showed pancytopenia with peripheral blood film not showing any blasts. Bone marrow aspirate smears showed 20% blasts with coarse azurophilic granules and cytoplasmic blebs. The position of the blasts in this case which were in monocytic zone giving them a bright expression of CD45 and a high side scatter on the CD45 side scatter. This is not the usual position for blasts in B- acute lymphoblastic leukemia as these blasts are less complex. A bright expression of CD45 by blasts in B- acute lymphoblastic leukemia is known to be associated with a poor prognosis but the clinical significance of blasts being bright CD45 with a high side scatter is a very rare occurrence and more number of cases with a similar presentation are required to determine a prognostic significance.</p>
Revisiting the Butler-Mokrys Model for the Vapor-Extraction Process
Authors: Mohan V.. , Neogi P.. , Bai B.. 
Published: February 2019

Summary
The dynamics of a process in which a solvent in the form of a vapor or gas is introduced in a heavy-oil reservoir is considered. The process is called the solvent vapor-extraction process (VAPEX). When the vapor dissolves in the oil, it reduces its viscosity, allowing oil to flow under gravity and be collected at the bottom producer well. The conservation-of-species equation is analyzed to obtain a more-appropriate equation that differentiates between the velocity within the oil and the velocity at the interface, which can be solved to obtain a concentration profile of the solvent in oil. We diverge from an earlier model in which the concentration profile is assumed. However, the final result provides the rate at which oil is collected, which agrees with the previous model in that it is proportional to h, where h is the pay-zone height; in contrast, some of the later data show a dependence on h. Improved velocity profiles can capture this dependence. A dramatic increase in output is seen if the oil viscosity decreases in the presence of the solvent, although the penetration of the solvent into the oil is reduced because under such conditions the diffusivity decreases with decreased solvent. One other important feature we observe is that when the viscosity-reducing effect is very large, the recovered fluid is mainly solvent. Apparently, some optimum might exist in the solubility φo, where the ratio of oil recovered to solvent lost is the largest. Finally, the present approach also allows us to show how the oil/vapor interface evolves with time.
A Semianalytical Model for Evaluating the Performance of a Refractured Vertical Well With an Orthogonal Refracture
Authors: Teng Bailu , Andy Li Huazhou 
Published: February 2019

SummaryProduction from a fractured vertical well will lead to a redistribution of the stress field in formations. If the induced stress changes are sufficiently large to overcome the effect of the initial horizontal-stress deviator, the direction of the minimum horizontal stress can be turned into the direction of the maximum horizontal stress within an elliptical region around the initial fracture, resulting in a stress-reversal region near the wellbore. In such cases, a refracturing treatment can create a refracture that propagates orthogonally to the initial fracture because of the stress reversal. As such, the high-pressure area of the formation can be stimulated by the refracture, and the productivity of the refractured well can be improved. In this work, we develop a semianalytical model to evaluate the performance of a refractured vertical well with an orthogonal refracture. To simulate the well performance throughout the entire production period, we divide the well production into three stages: the first stage, when the well is producing oil with the initial fracture; the second stage, when the well is shut down for the refracturing treatment; and the third stage, when the well is producing oil with both the initial fracture and the refracture. In addition, by discretizing the initial fracture and the refracture into small segments, the conductivity of the fractures can be taken into account, and the geometry of the fracture system can be captured. We use the Green-function method to analytically simulate the reservoir flow and use the finite-difference method to numerically simulate the fracture flow; therefore, a semianalytical model can be constructed by coupling the reservoir-flow equations with the fracture-flow equations. This proposed model is applied to different wellbore and reservoir conditions. The calculated results show that this proposed model is versatile because it can simulate various wellbore constraints, including the conditions of constant bottomhole pressure (BHP), varying BHP, constant production rate, and varying production rate. The permeability anisotropy of the reservoir system, as well as the nonuniform conductivity distribution along the fracture, can also be incorporated into this proposed model. In addition, we demonstrate that this proposed model can be used to simulate other types of refractured vertical wells with minor modifications.
Development of an eHealth Readiness Assessment Framework for Botswana and Other Developing Countries: Interview Study
Authors: Mauco Kabelo Leonard , Scott Richard Ernest , Mars Maurice 
Published: February 2019

Background
Electronic health (eHealth) readiness has been defined as the preparedness of health care institutions or communities for the anticipated change brought about by programs related to information and communication technology use. To ascertain the degree of such preparedness, an eHealth readiness assessment (eHRA) is needed. Literature on the existing eHRA frameworks and tools shows high inconsistency in content, definitions, and recommendations, and none have been found to be entirely suitable for assessing eHealth readiness in the context of developing countries. To develop an informed eHRA framework and tools with applicability to Botswana and similar developing countries, insight was sought from a broad spectrum of eHealth key informants in Botswana to identify and inform relevant issues, including those not specifically addressed in available eHRA tools.

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate key informant (local expert) opinions on aspects that need to be considered when developing an eHRA framework suitable for use in developing countries.

Methods
Interviews with 18 purposively selected key informants were recorded and transcribed. Thematic analysis of transcripts involved the use of an iterative approach and NVivo 11 software. The major themes, as well as subthemes, emerging from the thematic analysis were then discussed and agreed upon by the authors through consensus.

Results
Analysis of interviews identified four eHealth readiness themes (governance, stakeholder issues, resources, and access), with 33 subthemes and 9 sub-subthemes. A major finding was that these results did not directly correspond in content or order to those previously identified in the literature. The results highlighted the need to perform exploratory research before developing an eHRA to ensure that those topics of relevance and importance to the local setting are first identified and then explored in any subsequent eHRA using a locally relevant framework and stakeholder-specific tools. In addition, seven sectors in Botswana were found to play a role in ensuring successful implementation of eHealth projects and might be targets for assessment.

Conclusions
Insight obtained from this study will be used to inform the development of an evidence-based eHealth readiness assessment framework suitable for use in developing countries such as Botswana.
The Moor as a Muslim in William Shakespeare’s Othello
Authors: Mousa Ghanim Fawziya 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The portrait of Muslim and Islam had an effective impact on the Elizabethan stage. It was dramatized paradoxically at the stage. Mostly , Muslims (Turk, Moors, Arabs and Persian) were represented as outsiders, infidels, lustful, violent people and barbarian. At the same time, they were regarded as a great threat to Europe, particularly after the expanses of Ottoman empire. The alliance of Queen Elizabeth with the Ottoman Empire represented by its Sultan Murad 11 had opened a new era of communication, policies and cultural exchange. The Elizabethan playwrights ' writings and imagination were influenced by the tales and stories that narrated about Muslims and their actions. The stories were narrated by captives, travelers politician and traders. In addition, the Elizabethan people kept the Medieval distorted image towards Muslims' characterization . William Shakespeare(1564-1616) portrayed a controversial image of a Muslim who converted to Christianity in his famous play Othello. The study aims at analyzing the Moor's character as a Muslim and his paradoxical action throughout William Shakespeare's Othello. The paper is divided into three sections; the first one is a brief introduction. It is concentrated on the western perspective of Islam, Prophet Muhammad and the eastern people, the second section deals with the Muslim's visage on Elizabethan stage, the third section discusses the contradicting and paradoxical Islam-Christian image of Othello. The Conclusion sums up to the findings of the paper.
Drama in Education Reaching Beyond the “Art Form or Teaching Tool” Dichotomy
Authors: Lešnik Irina 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
In the following article we try to re-evaluate, the place drama occupies in contemporary elementary education. By limiting the role of drama to literature studies and theatre productions, we lose a greater potential Theatre Pedagogy has to offer to a much broader educational spectrum. The participatory practices of Theatre and Drama in Education (TiE, DiE) promote active learning, based on a most organic children’s activity - play. While students co-create the fictional world of drama, teacher's guidance is crucial in setting new challenges, encouraging students to find creative solutions and reflect on often-complex social issues. Because of its art component, drama challenges the participants on a cognitive as well as emotional level, becoming a truly transformational experience. As such, Drama in Education is especially useful when approaching sensitive and controversial topics. This thesis is presented on a case study observing Year 6 students at St’ Michael’s CE Academy in Birmingham, UK, using Drama in Education method as part of History curriculum.
Ethnic and Language Identities among Finland-Swedish Young People
Authors: d’Amour Banyanga Jean , Östman Lillemor , Kurkiala Jacob , Nyman-Kurkiala Pia 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
In youth many significant physiological and psychological changes take place. These identity changes are especially important for an individual’s identity development. However, questions of identity for young people, especially as they shift from childhood to adulthood, have become a central concern in numerous researches. Ethnic and language identities are bonds that hold a common social identification for individuals who view themselves as members of the same group. This study investigates the role and importance of ethnic and language identities for Swedish-speaking young people in Finland presented through an analysis of existing literature and documents on the matter. The data consists of essays written by 1012 (704 boys and 308 girls) ninth-graders from 12 Finland-Swedish high schools on the topic, “Me, a Finland-Swedish youth.” These were analyzed by using a thematic analysis. The results show that ninth-graders feel that the Finland-Swedish culture gives them a stable foundation in life that affects their identity, health and well-being in a positive way. The language and Finland-Swedish culture appear to be important for the youths’ sense of belonging and happiness as well as for a sense of stability in a changing world. Thus, the results illustrate that their language is an important aspect of self-identity and a central part of their lives.
Complete Places Visioning - Collaborative and Problem-Based Learning in Urban Planning: Example of the Faculty of Architecture Poznan University of Technology in Poland
Authors: Kaźmierczak Bartosz , Pazder Dominika 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Complete place visioning is an idea of designing active places in the city space. It is important part of urban design so as to act in accordance with inhabitants’ needs and provide vivid and socially desired places. In the paper there is presented an idea of complete places visioning introduced into academic learning system within the urban planning course at the Faculty of Architecture of Poznan University of Technology. The presented example of collaborative and problem oriented learning seems to be a useful tool in solving real urban problems and aiming at improving a quality of a city space. In the paper, collaboration is considered also in terms of participatory planning. There is shown the case study of polish commune Tarnowo Podgórne in which the project of civic activity centre together with neighboring public space is designed and realized as the final result of longterm collaboration between academic institutes and municipality.
Personality Dimensions and Importance of the Social Role of the University Student in Explaining Student Involvement in Student Organization
Authors: Markovikj Marijana , Serafimovska Eleonora 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
In order to explore the student involvement in the student organization, field research was conducted amongst 669 students. The research instrument contained a questionnaire on students’ perception and satisfaction of the student organization; two scales of IPIP NEO (short form): Agreeableness (A) and Conscientiousness (C), and one dimension of the Laponce’s questionnaire: the importance of the social role of the university student. The analysis of the overall obtained data showed a very low level of involvement in student organization and a weak expression of the importance of the social role of the university student. A relatively weak connection between two personality dimensions and the involvement of students in the student organization has been found. A student’s involvement is determined more by the importance of the role, than by personality dimensions.
Resiliency and Cooperation or Regarding Social and Collective Competencies for University Achievement. An Analysis from a Systemic Perspective
Authors: Aparicio Miriam 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This research is found within the framework of the issue of University Quality. It was carried out using a sample of subjects from 6 different university schools in Argentina who extended their studies (1985-2004). The objective was to determine the factors underlying this extension. The methodology used was quantitative qualitative. The model integrates base variables, pedagogical-institutional variables, structural variables, organizational variables, and psychosocial variables. Among the latter, we focus on Cooperation - nucleus of Resilience - in relation to university success (US), taking into account that cooperation is a social/collective competence which is highly valued in the new organizational models looking toward student success (PISA, 2015; OECD 2018). The results show the impact of this factor on achievement, as well as the importance of building collective competencies.
Organizational Design of Big Data and Analytics Teams
Authors: Hammerström Lennart 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Although many would argue that the most important factor for the success of a big data project is the process of analyzing the data, it is more important to staff, structure and organize the participants involved to ensure an efficient collaboration within the team and an effective use of the tool sets, the relevant applications and a customized flow of information. A main challenge of big data projects originates from the amount of people involved and that need to collaborate, the need for a higher and specific education, the defined approach to solve the analytical problem that is undefined in many cases, the data-set itself (structured or unstructured) and the required hard- and software (such as analysis-software or self-learning algorithms). Today there is neither an organizational framework nor overarching guidelines for the creation of a high-performance analytics team and its organizational integration available. This paper builds upon (a) the organizational design of a team for a big data project, (b) the relevant roles and competencies (such as programming or communication skills) of the members of the team and (c) the form in which they are connected and managed.
Piano Performance Technical Analysis of The People United Will Never Be Defeated by Rzewski
Authors: Deng Liang 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The piano variations The People United will Never be Defeated by Rzewski contains many modern piano performance techniques and skills. The difficulties of these techniques and skills in these enormous variations are far beyond the boundaries of traditional piano performance techniques and skills. This analysis will give a specific classification for these modern piano performance techniques and skills in order to provide a more comprehensive guide for the piano performers.