bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Going global, fast or slow? Networking decisions for smaller firms
Authors: Zhao Chao , Kang Yuanfei , Kennedy Jeffrey C. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Purpose
This study aims to provide insights into the development of firm strategies of international expansion by examining the direct relationship between internationalization speed and firm performance and by exploring the interactive role played by networking capability.

Design/methodology/approach
This is an empirical study based on survey data collected from 343 small and medium-sized enterprises operating in Australia and New Zealand. Regression modelling analysis was performed.

Findings
This study found an inverted U-shape relationship between the speed at which a firm expands internationally and its performance. Expanding too fast or too slow leads to lower performance, and this performance implication is because of an interactive effect of the firm's networking capability.

Research limitations/implications
This study contributes to the literature by generating insights into how firm strategies of international expansion lead to improvement of firm performance, thereby giving guidance and providing suggestions to managers regarding how quickly to internationalize.

Practical implications
This study contributes to the literature by generating insights into how firm strategies of international expansion lead to improvement of firm performance and by providing suggestions to managers regarding decision-making in developing strategies for international expansion speed.

Originality/value
This is an original study based on empirical data collected from a management survey.
Extremes of acceptance: employee attitudes toward artificial intelligence
Authors: Lichtenthaler Ulrich 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present paradoxical employee attitudes towards interacting with artificial intelligence (AI).

Design/methodology/approach
This is a conceptual paper, which builds on prior research, especially on the widely accepted notion of not-invented-here attitudes in technology adoption.

Findings
Many companies experience barriers in implementing AI owing to negative attitudes among their employees. This paper develops the concept of no-human-interaction attitudes, which describe employees’ preference to collaborate with real humans rather than having virtual colleagues. If they perceive a benefit from voluntarily using AI, however, many employees exhibit positive attitudes, leading to the concept of intelligent-automation attitudes. Jointly, these attitudes lead to the paradox that the same persons may have positive or negative attitudes to AI, depending on the particular situation. Firms need to address these attitudes because the interface of human and AI will be a key driver of competitive advantage in the future.

Originality/value
The new concepts of negative and positive employee attitudes contribute to our understanding of firms’ success and problems in implementing AI. Moreover, the paradox of negative and positive attitudes among the same employees helps to reconcile partly diverging findings in extant studies. A thorough understanding of the roots of these employee attitudes, along with several examples, further provides immediate starting points for actively influencing these attitudes in practice.
Macroeconomic fundamentals and exchange rates in South Asian economies
Authors: Draz Muhammad Umar , Ahmad Fayyaz , Gupta Bhumika , Amin Waqas 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
This study aims to examine the impact of macroeconomic fundamentals on exchange rates of selected South Asian economies during 1981-2013.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors have used two econometric approaches to the data. For the pooled sample, estimated generalized least square (EGLS) and the two-stage least square method are applied. For the panel data, the authors have used the panel generalized method of moments and ordinary least squares (OLS) methods.

Findings
The results suggest that macroeconomic factors have a significant impact on exchange rates. The robust findings highlight that improvements in domestic economic and political systems are crucial for a successful exchange rate policy.

Originality/value
The existing literature on exchange rate fundamentals have either focused on exchange rates and international trade or investigated the relationship for the developed economies. Covering a period of more than three decades, and using both pooled and panel estimations, our study is unique in terms of its focus on the South Asian economies.
Cyberbullying in a boundary blurred working life
Authors: Forssell Rebecka Cowen 
Published: June 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore what characterizes cyberbullying when it is performed in digital space and in an increasingly boundary blurred working life context.Design/methodology/approachCyberbullying is explored through the lens of Erving Goffman’s theories on everyday life interaction and social media scholars understanding of social life on the internet today. The empirical material for the study is grounded in eight in-depth interviews with individuals who have been subjected to cyberbullying behavior in their professional life. The interview data were analyzed by means of thematic analysis.FindingsThree key themes were identified: spatial interconnectedness, colliding identities and the role of the audience. The empirical data indicate that in order to understand cyberbullying in working life, it is necessary to consider the specific context that emerges with social network sites and blogs. Moreover, this study shows how social network sites tend to blur boundaries between the private and the professional for the targeted individual.Originality/valueCyberbullying in working life is a relatively under-researched area. Most existing research on cyberbullying follows the tradition of face-to-face bullying by addressing the phenomenon with quantitative methods. Given the limited potential of this approach to uncover new and unique features, this study makes an important contribution by exploring cyberbullying with a qualitative approach that provides in-depth understanding of the new situations that emerge when bullying is performed online.
Relating national levels of crop damage to the abundance of large grazing birds: Implications for management
Authors: Montràs‐Janer Teresa , Knape Jonas , Nilsson Lovisa , Tombre Ingunn , Pärt Tomas , Månsson Johan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Populations of large grazing birds have increased in Europe during the past five decades, raising conflicts between conservation and farming interests. Managing these conflicts requires knowledge about the currently unknown relationship between population sizes and crop damage levels.

We analysed unique data on reported, inspected and compensated crop damage caused by geese, swans and cranes together with data from population surveys in Sweden to investigate how bird abundance is related to damage levels at the national scale between 2000 and 2015.

Over the study period, the annual number of damage reports, yield loss and costs for compensation increased. These crop damage levels were positively related to national population indices of common crane, barnacle and greylag goose. The shape of these relationships varied between species and encompassed considerable uncertainty. However, on a year‐to‐year basis (detrended data) we found no evident association between damage levels and bird numbers.

Yield loss and compensation costs per reported damage did not increase with higher population indices of greylag goose, but they did so for barnacle goose.

Synthesis and applications. We present a novel study of the relationships between different crop damage level indicators (damage reports, yield loss and compensation costs) and population numbers of large grazing birds. We identified a positive relationship with high uncertainty for all cases. We also identified the need to (a) better synchronize the monitoring of damages and bird numbers in time and space and (b) further study the relationships between damage levels and bird numbers at smaller (local and regional) and larger (flyway) spatial scales to reduce the uncertainty of the relationship and to gain a more holistic understanding of the system.
Prevention of postoperative adhesion reformation by intermittent intrauterine balloon therapy: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Shi X , Saravelos SH , Zhou Q , Huang X , Xia E , Li TC 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy of intermittent intrauterine balloon dilatation versus standard care in the prevention of adhesion reformation.DesignSingle‐blind randomised controlled trial.SettingHysteroscopic Centre of a tertiary University Hospital.PopulationTwo hundred patients with moderate to severe (European Society for Gynaecological Endoscopy Grade ≥II) intrauterine adhesions who underwent hysteroscopic adhesiolysis.MethodsAll participants were randomised to a balloon group or a control group postoperatively. The balloon group received intrauterine balloon dilatation therapy at 2 weeks and 6 weeks after surgery, whereas the control group did not. All patients underwent follow‐up hysteroscopy at 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively.Main outcome measuresThe adhesion reformation rate and the Pictorial Blood Loss Assessment Chart scores were analysed.ResultsA total of 191 patients successfully completed the study protocol (94 cases for the balloon group and 97 cases for the control group). According to hysteroscopic evaluation at the 8th week, the overall adhesion reformation rate was significantly lower in patients in the balloon group than patients in the control group (20.2% versus 40.2%, respectively; P < 0.05). There was also a significant increase in menstruation flow, as assessed by the Pictorial Blood Loss Assessment Chart score (30 versus 9, respectively; P < 0.001).ConclusionsPostoperative intermittent intrauterine balloon dilatation therapy can significantly reduce postoperative adhesion reformation and significantly increase menstruation flow.Tweetable abstractRCT: Postoperative intermittent intrauterine balloon therapy can prevent adhesion reformation after hysteroscopic adhesiolysis.
Development and Validation of a Method Using Dried Oral Fluid Spot to Determine Drugs of Abuse
Authors: Jacques Ana Laura Bemvenuti , Santos Maíra Kerpel dos , Limberger Renata Pereira 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry method using dried oral fluid spots was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of cocaine, benzoylecgonine, cocaethylene, amphetamine, and 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine. The oral fluid was applied to a Whatman 903 grade paper and submitted to a drying time of 2.5 h. The extraction procedure was optimized by chemometric approach using simplex centroid design. Spots were extracted with a mixture of acetonitrile, buffer, and methanol. Calibration curves covered a linear concentration range of 40–500 ng/mL. Validation parameters of linearity, precision, accuracy, selectivity, carryover, matrix effects, and stability were evaluated and showed satisfactory results. Spot homogeneity was also satisfactory, with less than 15% of deviation from nominal concentration. Spot volume did not influence accuracy when less than 100 μL of the sample was applied to the spot. The validation of the proposed method suggests a potential application in different scenarios in toxicology.
Role and impact of brain computed tomography in the management of drug overdoses and guideline recommendations
Authors: Tay Emma MY , Preisz Paul , Day Richard O 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectivePatients presenting with overdoses commonly receive computed tomography brain (CTB) scans in their assessment. There is no current guideline or validated decision support tool for neuroimaging in overdose patients. We investigated the proportion of overdose patients who received a CTB scan and its impact on management.MethodsA single site retrospective study was conducted to analyse drugs and alcohol overdose‐related presentations over a 2 year period. Outcome measures were the proportion of patients who received a CTB scan and the proportion of those who had an associated change in management. A decision support tool to guide the indications for CTB in overdose patients was developed based on this.ResultsA total of 7521 drugs and alcohol‐related presentations were screened, where 4086 were overdoses. This involved 3200 patients. CTB scans were conducted in 519 (12.7%) of presentations. The majority of patients with CTB did not have head injury (n = 325, 62.5%). Of 519 CTB scans, 25 (4.8%) were abnormal of which 20 (3.9%) were associated with a change in management. A decision support tool was devised and tested and provided a relatively high yield where a CTB could be justified.ConclusionsA high proportion of overdose patients received CTB scans. There was only a low yield in terms of management alteration. We propose that clinicians adopt a guided approach using a decision support tool to minimise unnecessary CTB scans.
Dual roles of juvenile hormone signaling during early oogenesis in Drosophila
Authors: Luo Wei , Veeran Sethuraman , Wang Jian , Li Sheng , Li Kang , Liu Su‐Ning 
Published: June 2019

AbstractJuvenile hormone (JH) signaling plays crucial roles in insect metamorphosis and reproduction. Function of JH signaling in germline stem cells (GSCs) remains largely unknown. Here, we found that the number of GSCs significantly declined in the ovaries of Met, Gce and JHAMT mutants. Then we inhibited JH signaling in selected cell types of ovaries by expressing Met and Gce or Kr‐h1 double‐stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) using different Gal4 drivers. Blocking of JH signaling in muscle cells has no effect on GSC numbers. Blocking of JH signaling in cap cells reduced GSCs cells. Inductive expression of Met and Gce dsRNA but not Kr‐h1 by Nos‐Gal4 increased GSC cells. These results indicate that JH signaling plays an important role in GSC maintenance.
Phenolic Composition, Radical Scavenging Activity and an Approach for Authentication of Aronia melanocarpa Berries, Juice, and Pomace
Authors: Rodríguez‐Werner Miriam , Winterhalter Peter , Esatbeyoglu Tuba 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAronia melanocarpa is a rich source of phenolic compounds like anthocyanins, chlorogenic acids, quercetin derivatives, and proanthocyanidins possessing strong antioxidative potential. The consumption of A. melanocarpa is actually increasing because of the known bioactivity of its phenolic constituents. A. melanocarpa extracts are used as natural colorants and nutraceuticals. Several attempts of adulteration of aronia products have already been reported. In this study, we investigated changes in phenolic composition from berry to juice by HPLC‐PDA, and HPLC‐ESI‐MSn analyses as well as fingerprint profiles for authentication of commercially available aronia products in order to detect possible adulteration. Additionally, the radical scavenging activity of aronia products was determined by using the TEAC (Trolox® equivalent antioxidant capacity) assay. Aronia pomace, a valuable by‐product of juice production, showed the highest phenolic content and possessed the highest radical scavenging activity.
Development of New Multilayer Active Packaging Films with Controlled Release Property Based on Polypropylene/Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)/Polypropylene Incorporated with Tea Polyphenols
Authors: Chen Chenwei , Li Chenxi , Yang Shaohua , Zhang Qinjun , Yang Fuxin , Tang Zhipeng , Xie Jing 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe polypropylene/poly(vinyl alcohol)/polypropylene (PP/PVA/PP) multilayer active films with controlled release property were developed, of which the intermediate PVA layer was incorporated with 4% (w/w) tea polyphenols (TP) and the microporous PP films with different pore size were used as the internal controlled release layer. The SEM results showed that each layer of these films was agglutinated tightly. With increasing pore size from 171.05 to 684.03 µm, there were little effect on the films’ color and opacity, the tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (EAB) decreased slightly, the gas barrier (O2 and water vapor) property of the film reduced faintly, the time of achieving the release equilibrium in 50% ethanol decreased from 75 hours to 30 hours. The diffusion coefficient for the films increased with the increase of pore size, from 2.06 × 10−11 cm2/s to 8.06 × 10−11 cm2/s, suggesting that the release rate of TP increased as the pore size increased. The results were indicated that its release rate could be controlled by adjusting the size of pore. The films also exhibited different antioxidant activities due to their different release profiles of TP. It showed promise for developing the controlled release active packaging film based on this concept.Practical ApplicationControlled release packaging is propitious to extension of food shelf life. The microporous polypropylene films with different pore size used as the internal layer of polypropylene/poly(vinyl alcohol)/polypropylene (PP/PVA/PP) multilayer active films was proved that the release rate of tea polyphenols in the intermediate PVA layer released from the films into the food simulant can be controlled by adjusting the size of pore in this study. It showed a good prospect for using microporous or perforation‐mediated film as the internal layer of multilayer film to develop the controlled release active packaging film for food packaging.
Routine vs on‐demand blood sampling in critically ill patients—Protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Hjortsø Carl Johan S. , Brøchner Anne C. , Perner Anders , Møller Morten H. 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundIn intensive care units, blood sampling is done commonly as part of daily routine. It remains unknown whether this practice is associated with harms or benefits, as not all routine blood tests may be clinically indicated, and blood sampling done without specific indications may be problematic. Accordingly, we aim to assess the body of evidence regarding the usage of routine vs on‐demand blood sampling in critically ill patients in a scoping review.MethodsWe will conduct a scoping review in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) statement as well as the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR). Using a PICO‐based search strategy, we will systematically search the Cochrane Library, Embase and Medline for relevant studies regardless of design. Two authors will independently screen studies for inclusion and extract data. We will provide a descriptive analysis of the data and asses the quality of evidence in accordance with the Grading of Recommended Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach.DiscussionThe outlined scoping review will provide an important overview on the current body of evidence regarding the use of daily routine vs on‐demand blood sampling in critical care settings. The findings of this scoping review will guide further research.
Measuring gene–gene interaction using Kullback–Leibler divergence
Authors: Chen Guanjie , Yuan Ao , Cai Tao , Li Chuan‐Ming , Bentley Amy R. , Zhou Jie , N. Shriner Daniel , A. Adeyemo Adebowale , N. Rotimi Charles 
Published: June 2019

AbstractGenome‐wide association studies (GWAS) are used to investigate genetic variants contributing to complex traits. Despite discovering many loci, a large proportion of “missing” heritability remains unexplained. Gene–gene interactions may help explain some of this gap. Traditionally, gene–gene interactions have been evaluated using parametric statistical methods such as linear and logistic regression, with multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) used to address sparseness of data in high dimensions. We propose a method for the analysis of gene–gene interactions across independent single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in two genes. Typical methods for this problem use statistics based on an asymptotic chi‐squared mixture distribution, which is not easy to use. Here, we propose a Kullback–Leibler‐type statistic, which follows an asymptotic, positive, normal distribution under the null hypothesis of no relationship between SNPs in the two genes, and normally distributed under the alternative hypothesis. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated by simulation studies, which show promising results. The method is also used to analyze real data and identifies gene–gene interactions among RAB3A, MADD, and PTPRN on type 2 diabetes (T2D) status.
Descriptive and Substantive Representation in Congress: Evidence from 80,000 Congressional Inquiries
Authors: Lowande Kenneth , Ritchie Melinda , Lauterbach Erinn 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA vast literature debates the efficacy of descriptive representation in legislatures. Though studies argue it influences how communities are represented through constituency service, they are limited since legislators' service activities are unobserved. Using Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests, we collected 88,000 records of communication between members of the U.S. Congress and federal agencies during the 108th–113th Congresses. These legislative interventions allow us to examine members' “follow‐through” with policy implementation. We find that women, racial/ethnic minorities, and veterans are more likely to work on behalf of constituents with whom they share identities. Including veterans offers leverage in understanding the role of political cleavages and shared experiences. Our findings suggest that shared experiences operate as a critical mechanism for representation, that a lack of political consensus is not necessary for substantive representation, and that the causal relationships identified by experimental work have observable implications in the daily work of Congress.
In search of new paradigms for epididymal health and disease: innate immunity, inflammatory mediators, and steroid hormones
Authors: Avellar M. C. W. , Ribeiro C. M. , Dias-da-Silva M. R. , Silva E. J. R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe primary job of the epididymis is to mature and protect the luminally transiting spermatozoa. Mounting evidence is showing that innate immune components [including Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) and antimicrobial proteins, among which are β‐defensins] and inflammatory mediators, under the primary influence of androgens, participate in the cellular and molecular processes that define this tissue. Here, we present an overview of the contributions of these signaling pathway components during epididymal homeostasis and discuss the hypotheses as to their involvement in epididymitis, the most common urological inflammatory condition in men, frequently impairing their fertility. Drawing primarily from rodent models, we also focus on how the distribution and functional expression of innate immune components are differentially regulated in the prenatal developing epididymis, providing new insights into the disruption of these signaling pathways throughout the lifespan. Male infertility is caused by a variety of conditions, such as congenital malformations, genetic and endocrine disorders, exposure to environmental toxicants, and inflammatory/infectious conditions. More than one‐third of infertile men with an idiopathic condition cannot currently be adequately diagnosed. Thinking about the innate immunity and inflammation context of the epididymis may provide new insights and directions as to how these systems contribute to male fertility, as well as also uncover urological and andrological outcomes that may aid clinicians in diagnosing and preventing epididymal pathologies.