bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preliminary investigation of the vitamin D pathway in periodontal connective tissue cells
Authors: Gao Zhanyi , Liu Kaining , Meng Huanxin 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe vitamin D pathway, from toll‐like receptor activation to human cationic antimicrobial protein (hCAP‐18/LL‐37) generation, has been identified in monocytes and keratinocytes. This study aimed to investigate the vitamin D pathway in human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) and human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) and to provide preliminary evidence of its role in periodontal immune defense.MethodsPrimary cultures of hGFs and hPDLCs were stimulated with 1,25‐dihydroxy vitamin D3 and 25‐hydroxy vitamin D3, with or without Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide. CYP27B1 RNA interference and vitamin D receptor (VDR) antagonism were also used for reverse proof. The mRNA expression of hCAP‐18/LL‐37, VDR, interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐8, and monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 were detected using real‐time polymerase chain reaction. The LL‐37 concentrations were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsIn hGFs and hPDLCs, 25‐hydroxy vitamin D3 and 1,25‐dihydroxy vitamin D3 induced hCAP‐18/LL‐37 expression, which was further increased by Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide. If the function of CYP27B1 or VDR was blocked, the induction was significantly weakened. IL‐8 and monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 mRNA expression could be suppressed by the vitamin D pathway.ConclusionThese findings suggest that the vitamin D pathway exists in hGFs and hPDLCs and plays an important role in immune defense in periodontal soft tissues.
Comparison of the Oral Absorption, Distribution, Excretion, and Bioavailability of Zinc Sulfate, Zinc Gluconate, and Zinc‐Enriched Yeast in Rats
Authors: Zhang Shuang‐Qing , Yu Xue‐Feng , Zhang Hai‐Bo , Peng Ning , Chen Zhi‐Xian , Cheng Qian , Zhang Xiao‐Li , Cheng Sui‐Han , Zhang Yan 
Published: February 2018

ScopeThe oral absorption, distribution, excretion, and bioavailability of zinc sulfate (ZnS), zinc gluconate (ZnG), and zinc‐enriched yeast (ZnY) in rats are fully and systemically compared for the first time.Methods and resultsAfter zinc compounds were orally administered to rats at a single dose of 4 mg Zn kg–1, blood, tissues, urine, and feces at different time points were collected for the quantification of zinc concentration. Blood was also harvested for the zinc assay in the multiple‐dose administration. Plasma zinc levels among three zinc compounds showed no difference, and zinc was widely distributed in various tissues with the level sequence of bone > liver > pancreas > testes. The net Zn balance was 2.993, 5.125, and 7.482% for ZnS, ZnG, and ZnY, respectively.ConclusionZnS, ZnG, and ZnY show equivalent bioavailability based on plasma and tissues zinc levels, although ZnY was statistically more absorbed and retained than ZnS and ZnG based on the excretion amount.
Applicability of low‐flow atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and photoionization mass spectrometry with a microfabricated nebulizer for neutral lipids
Authors: Vrkoslav Vladimír , Rumlová Barbora , Strmeň Timotej , Nekvasilová Pavlína , Šulc Miloslav , Cvačka Josef 
Published: February 2018

RationaleMass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) or photoionization (APPI) is widely used for neutral lipids involved in many fundamental processes in living organisms. Commercial APCI and APPI sources operate at high flow rates compatible with conventional high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). However, lipid analysis is often limited by a small amount of sample, which requires low flow rate separations like capillary or micro‐HPLC. Therefore, APCI and APPI suitable for microliter‐per‐minute flow rates need to be developed and applied for neutral lipids.MethodsA micro‐APCI/APPI source with a heated chip nebulizer was assembled and mounted on a Thermo ion trap instrument. The ion source operated in APCI, APPI or dual mode was optimized for low microliter‐per‐minute sample flow rates. The source performance was investigated for squalene, wax esters, fatty acid methyl esters, triacylglycerols, and cholesterol.ResultsThe ion source behaved as a mass‐flow‐sensitive detector. Direct infusion of methyl oleate showed superior analytical figures of merit when compared with high‐flow ion sources. A detection limit of 200 pmol/mL and a linear dynamic range spanning three orders of magnitude were measured for micro‐APCI. The mass spectra of most lipids differed from high flow rate spectra. Unlike micro‐APCI, micro‐APPI spectra were complicated by odd‐electron species. Dual APCI/APPI mode did not show any benefits for neutral lipids. Applications for lipid samples were demonstrated.ConclusionsMicro‐APCI‐MS is a useful detection technique for neutral lipids at microliter‐per‐minute flow rates. It offers high sensitivity and high quality of spectra in direct infusion mode and promises successful utilization in capillary and micro‐HPLC applications.
Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency, a disorder of GABA metabolism: an update on pharmacological and enzyme‐replacement therapeutic strategies
Authors: Vogel Kara R. , Ainslie Garrett R. , Walters Dana C. , McConnell Alice , Dhamne Sameer C. , Rotenberg Alexander , Roullet Jean‐Baptiste , Gibson K. Michael 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe present an update to the status of research on succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) deficiency (SSADHD), a rare disorder of GABA metabolism. This is an unusual disorder featuring the accumulation of both GABA and its neuromodulatory analog, gamma‐hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), and recent studies have advanced the potential clinical application of NCS‐382, a putative GHB receptor antagonist. Animal studies have provided proof‐of‐concept that enzyme replacement therapy could represent a long‐term therapeutic option. The characterization of neuronal stem cells (NSCs) derived from aldehyde dehydrogenase 5a1−/− (aldh5a1−/−) mice, the murine model of SSADHD, has highlighted NSC utility as an in vitro system in which to study therapeutics and associated toxicological properties. Gene expression analyses have revealed that transcripts encoding GABAA receptors are down‐regulated and may remain largely immature in aldh5a1−/− brain, characterized by excitatory as opposed to inhibitory outputs, the latter being the expected action in the mature central nervous system. This indicates that agents altering chloride channel activity may be therapeutically relevant in SSADHD. The most recent therapeutic prospects include mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) inhibitors, drugs that have received attention with the elucidation of the effects of elevated GABA on autophagy. The outlook for novel therapeutic trials in SSADHD continues to improve.
Operationalizing the Reciprocal Engagement Model of Genetic Counseling Practice: a Framework for the Scalable Delivery of Genomic Counseling and Testing
Authors: Schmidlen Tara , Sturm Amy C. , Hovick Shelly , Scheinfeldt Laura , Scott Roberts J. , Morr Lindsey , McElroy Joseph , Toland Amanda E. , Christman Michael , O'Daniel Julianne M. , Gordon Erynn S. , Bernhardt Barbara A. , Ormond Kelly E. , Sweet Kevin 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWith the advent of widespread genomic testing for diagnostic indications and disease risk assessment, there is increased need to optimize genetic counseling services to support the scalable delivery of precision medicine. Here, we describe how we operationalized the reciprocal engagement model of genetic counseling practice to develop a framework of counseling components and strategies for the delivery of genomic results. This framework was constructed based upon qualitative research with patients receiving genomic counseling following online receipt of potentially actionable complex disease and pharmacogenomics reports. Consultation with a transdisciplinary group of investigators, including practicing genetic counselors, was sought to ensure broad scope and applicability of these strategies for use with any large‐scale genomic testing effort. We preserve the provision of pre‐test education and informed consent as established in Mendelian/single‐gene disease genetic counseling practice. Following receipt of genomic results, patients are afforded the opportunity to tailor the counseling agenda by selecting the specific test results they wish to discuss, specifying questions for discussion, and indicating their preference for counseling modality. The genetic counselor uses these patient preferences to set the genomic counseling session and to personalize result communication and risk reduction recommendations. Tailored visual aids and result summary reports divide areas of risk (genetic variant, family history, lifestyle) for each disease to facilitate discussion of multiple disease risks. Post‐counseling, session summary reports are actively routed to both the patient and their physician team to encourage review and follow‐up. Given the breadth of genomic information potentially resulting from genomic testing, this framework is put forth as a starting point to meet the need for scalable genetic counseling services in the delivery of precision medicine.
The Changing Age of Individuals Seeking Presymptomatic Genetic Testing for Huntington Disease
Authors: Holman Melissa A. , Quillin John , York Timothy P. , Testa Claudia M. , Rosen Ami R. , Norris Virginia W. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractHuntington disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Presymptomatic genetic testing allows at‐risk individuals to clarify their risk status. Understanding the characteristics and motivations of individuals seeking HD presymptomatic genetic testing better equips genetic counselors and other healthcare professionals to provide comprehensive and personalized care. The aims of this study were to (1) determine whether the average age when individuals seek presymptomatic HD genetic testing has decreased over time, (2) assess motivations for seeking testing, (3) explore whether there is a relationship between age and motivations, and (4) explore genetic counselors’ perceptions of the shift in age. Data from the US HD testing centers (N = 4) were analyzed. A small but statistically significant decrease in age of individuals seeking presymptomatic testing was observed (p = 0.045). HD community members (N = 77) were surveyed regarding presymptomatic testing motivations. Younger individuals were more likely than older individuals to cite “To learn whether or not you would develop HD” and “To make choices about further education or a career” compared to older individuals (p < 0.05). Conversely, older individuals more frequently cited “To give children a better idea of their risk” (p < 0.002). Sixteen percent of genetic counselors surveyed (6/37) perceived a change in age of testing. All of these respondents had provided HD testing for ten or more years and anecdotally believed the age at testing has decreased over time. Study results help providers personalize counseling based on patient's age and serve as a starting point for more research into the relationship between age at testing and motivations for testing.
Damocles’ syndrome revisited
Authors: Cupit-Link Margaret , Syrjala Karen L. , Hashmi Shahrukh K. 
Published: February 2018

Objective/Background:
Improvements in curative treatments for many types of cancer have emerged over the past several decades, resulting in a growing population of long-term cancer survivors – of both adult and childhood cancers. Despite this incredible medical achievement, long-term survivors of cancer face a unique fear: the fear of relapse.

Methods:
We conducted a review of the literature for data on fear of relapse among cancer survivors.

Results:
The fear of cancer recurrence is present in survivors of childhood and adult cancers as well as family members and often leads to psychological sequelae.

Conclusion:
Literature on the fear of cancer recurrence has begun to emerge. However, herein we provide a unique approach through the use of a metaphor: Cicero’s story of Damocles’ sword. We aim to outline the many fear-related and emotional challenges faced by cancer survivors with an extensive review of studies demonstrating such challenges.
Profilaxia infecciosa com aplicação local de vancomicina em pó em cirurgias ortopédicas: Revisão sistemática com metanálise
Authors: Sadigursky David , Sousa Mariana Drummond , Cajaíba Yasmin Galvão Linhares , Martins Rodrigo Rêgo , Lobão Diogo Maciel Vieira 
Published: February 2018

ResumoApesar das diversas estratégias perioperatórias empregadas para diminuir a incidência de infecção no sítio cirúrgico (ISS), tais complicações ainda são frequentes, e representam um desafio para os ortopedistas. Por esse motivo, há uma necessidade permanente de buscar métodos cada vez mais eficazes de profilaxia anti-infecciosa, para que sejam reduzidas significativamente as taxas de morbidade pós-operatória, mortalidade, e os custos com os cuidados de saúde. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a eficácia da profilaxia infecciosa com aplicação tópica de vancomicina em pó em cirurgias ortopédicas.Fez-se um estudo de revisão sistemática com metanálise, usando-se o Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols 2015 (PRISMA-P 2015). Fez-se uma busca abrangente na literatura por estudos controlados sobre as taxas de ISS com e sem o uso de vancomicina em pó na ferida.Entre os 412 títulos encontrados que preencheram os critérios, foram selecionados 7 estudos, 4 prospectivos e 3 retrospectivos, todos em cirurgia de coluna. A amostra total foi de 6.944 pacientes, que foram divididos em 2 grupos: controle (3.814 pacientes) e intervenção (3.130 pacientes). Observou-se que no grupo intervenção, no qual a vancomicina tópica foi aplicada, 64 (2,04%) pacientes desenvolveram ISS, e, no grupo controle 144 (3,75%) pacientes. Os resultados da metanálise demonstraram que o uso de vancomicina tem efeito protetor contra ISS em cirurgias de coluna, com risco relativo (RR) de 0,59, significância estatística, e intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%) entre 0,35–0,98.O uso da vancomicina em pó profilática, no leito da ferida, tem fator protetor contra ISS em cirurgias de coluna; entretanto, mais ensaios prospectivos randomizados são necessários para recomendar seu uso em cirurgias ortopédicas.
Jurassic and Cretaceous biostratigraphy and organic matter geochemistry of the New Siberian Islands (Russian Arctic)
Authors: Nikitenko B.L. , Devyatov V.P. , Lebedeva N.K. , Basov V.A. , Fursenko E.A. , Goryacheva A.A. , Peshchevitskaya E.B. , Glinskikh L.A. , Khafaeva S.N. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The Jurassic–Cretaceous terrigenous complex of the Laptev and East Siberian Seas is of considerable interest as a potential exploration target. However, the key Jurassic and Cretaceous sections of the New Siberian Islands have been poorly studied. The results of this study were used to provide a detailed micropaleontological description of these sections and substantiation of the previous lithostratigraphic subdivision. We first identified a series of Boreal standard zones in the Jurassic and Cretaceous sections, based on the foraminifers, ostracods, dinocysts, and terrestrial palynomorphs. Our results, along with the published data on ammonites, bivalves, and terrestrial palynomorphs and the results of radiometric dating, provide more precise constraints on the stratigraphic position of the identified lithostratigraphic units. The results of this study can be corroborated by seismic data to explore offshore areas of the Laptev and East Siberian Seas. We also present detailed data on the geochemistry of organic matter from the Pestsovaya Formation (Hettangian–lowermost Upper Pliensbachian).
Assessment of the tsunami hazard on the Russian coast based on a new catalogue of tsunamis in the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov
Authors: Nikonov A.A. , Gusiakov V.K. , Fleifel’ L.D. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
We present the results of work on the compilation of a fuller and more comprehensive historical catalogue of earthquakes and tsunamis in the basin of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov, an area of primary importance for the Russian Federation. In the 20th century, there were no significant tsunamis in the Black Sea; therefore, its coast was not considered tsunami-prone. A systematic search for new data sources, a revision of earlier ones, and the use of new approaches to the identification of tsunamigenic events resulted in a more than doubling of the number of known tsunamigenic events in this basin, bringing it up to 50. The total length of the new tsunami catalogue reached 3000 years, which makes it the second longest after the Mediterranean tsunami catalogue (about 4000 years). Taking into account the seismotectonic features of the Black Sea region, we processed data on historical tsunamis and analyzed the geographical and temporal distributions of their sources. For all tsunamigenic events we performed a parameterization of available information about their sources and coastal manifestations, evaluated the tsunami intensity based on the Soloviev–Imamura scale, and proposed a classification of tsunami and tsunami-like water wave disturbances based on their genesis. Tsunami run-up heights, inland penetration, and damage were estimated with regard for the newly found data. Among the identified historical events, there are devastating tsunamis with run-ups of 4–5 m, sometimes up to 6–8 m, which resulted in disastrous consequences for several ancient cities (Dioscuria, Sebastopolis, Bizone, and Panticapaeum) and many coastal settlements. Expert assessments of the most tsunami-prone areas of the coasts are given.
Potentialities of ultrawideband GPR in low-resistivity geoenvironments
Authors: Cheremisin A.A. , Vasil’ev Yu.V. , Olenchenko V.V. , Epov M.I. , Toib R.E. , Shnipov I.S. , Shirokov S.V. , Boltintsev V.B. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
We assess the potentialities of ultrawideband (UWB) electromagnetic pulse sounding of low-resistivity geoenvironments using the ground-penetrating radar (GPR) system developed by us and compare the obtained results with 2D electrical resistivity tomography and standard GPR data. The research was performed in an area of Quaternary clay deposits with a resistivity of 20–50 Ohm⋅m. For an OKO-2 GPR antenna with a center frequency of 150 MHz, the sounding depth is 2–4 m, whereas UWB sounding provides penetration of the GPR pulse to a depth of 30–40 m. Deep UWB sounding of low-resistivity environments is possible under the following conditions: use of generators based on drift step recovery diodes (DSRDs), high matching of the UWB receiving and transmitting antennas to the environment, and an increase in the noise immunity of the recording system, in particular, due to a decrease in the intensity of air waves.
Resistance, response and recovery
Authors: Hawkins Nick 
Published: February 2018

In May 2017 the NHS was just one high-profile victim of the global ‘Wannacry’ ransomware attack. Patient data was exposed and compromised in the attack. In June of the same year, NotPetya, another crippling ransomware attack, targeted many of the EU's largest companies. In the face of threats like this, how can you mitigate risk, limit the impact of an attack and expedite recovery? It comes down to the three R's of cyber-security – resistance, response, recovery. Managing cyber-attacks is no longer just about how well you are equipped to resist the attack in the first place but how you respond and how quickly you recover to a normal state of business operation. Nick Hawkins of Everbridge examines the three R's of cyber-security – resistance, response and recovery. He argues that the time has come for organisations to put as much focus on their response and recovery as they do on investing in protection. Being prepared and having staff trained to limit the fallout and speed up the recovery are key to limiting the damage and cost of a cyber-attack.
Defining CT Perfusion Thresholds for Infarction in the Golden Hour and With Ultra-Early Reperfusion
Authors: Najm Mohamed , Al-Ajlan Fahad S. , Boesen Mari E. , Hur Lisa , Kim Chi Kyung , Fainardi Enrico , Hill Michael D. , Demchuk Andrew M. , Goyal Mayank , Lee Ting Y. , Menon Bijoy K. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn this brief report, computed tomography perfusion (CTP) thresholds predicting follow-up infarction in patients presenting <3 hours from stroke onset and achieving ultra-early reperfusion (<45 minutes from CTP) are reported. CTP thresholds that predict follow-up infarction vary based on time to reperfusion: Tmax >20 to 23 seconds and cerebral blood flow <5 to 7 ml/min−1/(100 g)−1 or relative cerebral blood flow <0.14 to 0.20 optimally predicted the final infarct. These thresholds are stricter than published thresholds.
Effect of transporting an evidence-based, violence prevention intervention to Jamaican preschools on teacher and class-wide child behaviour: a cluster randomised trial
Authors: Baker-Henningham H. , Walker S. 
Published: February 2018

Introduction.Based on extensive piloting work, we adapted the Incredible Years (IY) teacher-training programme to the Jamaican preschool setting and evaluated this adapted version through a cluster-randomised trial.Methods.Twenty-four community preschools in Kingston, Jamaica were randomly assigned to intervention (12 schools, 37 teachers) or control (12 schools, 36 teachers). The intervention involved training teachers in classroom management through eight full-day training workshops and four individual 1-h in-class support sessions. Outcome measurements included direct observation of teachers’ positive and negative behaviours to the whole class and to high-risk children and four observer ratings: two measures of class-wide child behaviour and two measures of classroom atmosphere. Measures were repeated at a six-month follow-up.Results.Significant benefits of intervention were found for teachers’ positive [effect size (ES) = 3.35] and negative (ES = 1.29) behaviours to the whole class and to high-risk children (positive: ES = 0.83; negative: ES = 0.50) and for observer ratings of class-wide child behaviour (ES = 0.73), child interest and enthusiasm (ES = 0.98), teacher warmth (ES = 2.03) and opportunities provided to share and help (ES = 5.72). At 6-month follow-up, significant benefits of intervention were sustained: positive behaviours (ES = 2.70), negative behaviours (ES = 0.98), child behaviour (ES = 0.50), child interest and enthusiasm (ES = 0.78), teacher warmth (ES = 0.91), opportunities to share and help (ES = 1.42).Conclusions.The adapted IY teacher-training programme produced large benefits to teacher's behaviour and to class-wide measures of children's behaviour, which were sustained at 6-month follow-up. Benefits were of a similar magnitude to those found in a pilot study of the minimally adapted version that required significantly more in-class support for teachers.
No evidence from the eastern Mediterranean for a MIS 5e double peak sea-level highstand
Authors: Mauz Barbara , Shen Zhixiong , Elmejdoub Noureddine , Spada Giorgio 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTo understand past and future sea-level variability, it is important to know if during an interglacial the eustatic sea level is constant or oscillates by several meters around an average value. Several field sites within and outside the tropics have been interpreted to suggest such oscillations during Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 5e (129–116 ka). Here, we present our analysis of one such non-tropical site, Hergla, where a facies succession indicates two foreshore deposits above each other, previously interpreted as MIS 5e sea-level highstand amplified by a second rise. Our study, based on field, microfacies, and optical age Bayesian statistics shows a sea-level rise forming the upper foreshore strata that coincided with the global sea-level rise of the MIS 5a interstadial. The site does therefore not provide evidence for the MIS 5e double peak. We conclude from our analysis that the facies-based proxy is insensitive to small-scale sea-level oscillation. Likewise, uncertainties associated with age estimates are too large to robustly infer a short-term sea-level change.