bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Cost of Care for People With Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Manns Braden , Hemmelgarn Brenda , Tonelli Marcello , Au Flora , So Helen , Weaver Rob , Quinn Amity E. , Klarenbach Scott ,   for Canadians Seeking Solutions and Innovations to Overcome Chronic Kidney Disease
Published: April 2019

Background: As the adverse clinical outcomes common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) can be prevented or delayed, information on the cost of care across the spectrum of CKD can inform investments in CKD care. Objectives: To determine the cost of caring for patients with CKD who are not on dialysis or transplant at baseline. Design: Population-based cohort study using administrative health data. Setting: Alberta, Canada. Patients: Cohort of 219 641 adults with CKD categorized by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) between April 1, 2012, and March 31, 2014, into Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD categories, excluding patients on dialysis or transplant at baseline. Measurements: The primary outcome was 1-year cumulative unadjusted health care costs, including the cost of drugs, physician visits, emergency department visits, outpatient procedures (including dialysis and other day medicine and surgery procedures), and hospitalizations for the year following each patient’s index date. Methods: Mean 1-year direct medical costs were estimated for the cohort as a whole and for patients in the different KDIGO CKD categories as defined at baseline. Costs were further categorized according to baseline demographic and clinical characteristics, and by type of care (ie, kidney care and cardiovascular care). Results: In 219 641 adults with CKD, the mean unadjusted cumulative 1-year cost of care was Can$14 634 per patient (median = Can$3672; Q1 = Can$1496, Q3 = Can$10 221). Costs were higher for those with more comorbidity, those with lower eGFR, and those with more severe albuminuria. The cost of kidney and cardiovascular care was Can$230 (1.6% of total costs) and Can$720 (4.9% of total costs), respectively, for the cohort overall. These costs increased substantially for patients with lower eGFR, averaging Can$14 169 (32.3% of total costs) and Can$2395 (5.5% of total costs) for kidney and cardiovascular care, respectively, for people with eGFR<15 mL/min/1.73 m2 at baseline. Limitations: We only have estimates of the cost of health care for people with CKD, and not the costs borne by patients or their families. As we have not included costs for people without CKD in this analysis, we are unable to assess the incremental costs associated with CKD. Conclusions: We identified that patients with CKD, even when not on dialysis at baseline, had high health care costs (more than twice the cost per person in Canada in 2015), with a graded association between severity of CKD and costs. Our findings can inform current and future cost estimates across the spectrum of CKD, including an estimate of potential savings that might result from interventions that slow or prevent kidney disease.
Efficacy and improvement of lipid profile after switching to rilpivirine in resource limited setting: real life clinical practice
Authors: Gatechompol Sivaporn , Avihingsanon Anchalee , Apornpong Tanakorn , Han Win Min , Kerr Stephen J. , Ruxrungtham Kiat 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background
Long-term success of cART is possible if the regimen is convenient and less-toxic. This study assessed the efficacy and safety of switching from a first-line NNRTI or boosted PI-based regimens to RPV-based regimens among virologically suppressed participants in resource-limited setting (RLS).

Methods
This is a prospective cohort study. Participants with plasma HIV-RNA < 50 copies/mL receiving cART were switched from a PI- or NNRTI-based, to a RPV-based regimen between January 2011 and April 2018. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with plasma HIV-1 RNA level < 50 copies/mL after 12 months of RPV. The secondary endpoint was the virological response at 24 months and safety endpoint (change in lipid profiles and kidney function from baseline to 12 months).

Results
A total of 320 participants were enrolled into the study. The rationale for switching to RPV was based on toxicity of the current regimen (57%) or desire to simplify cART (41%). Totally, 177 (55%) and 143 (45%) participants were on NNRTI and boosted PI, respectively, prior to switching to RPV. After 12 months, 298 (93%) participants maintained virological suppression. There were significant improvements in the lipid parameters: TC (− 21 (IQR − 47 to 1) mg/dL; p < 0.001), LDL (− 14 (IQR − 37 to 11) mg/dL; p < 0.001) and TG (− 22 (IQR − 74 to 10) mg/dL; p < 0.001). Also, there was a small but statistically significant decrease in eGFR (− 4.3 (IQR − 12 to 1.1) mL/min per 1.73m2; p < 0.001).

Conclusions
In RLS where integrase inhibitors are not affordable, RPV-based regimens are a good alternative option for PLHIV who cannot tolerate first-line NNRTI or boosted PI regimen, without prior NNRTI/PI resistance.
Trial registration HIV-NAT 006 cohort, clinical trial number: NCT00411983
Two-Thirds of All Fractures Are Not Attributable to Osteoporosis and Advancing Age: Implications for Fracture Prevention
Authors: Mai Ha T , Tran Thach S , Ho-Le Thao P , Center Jacqueline R , Eisman John A , Nguyen Tuan V 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Context
Although bone mineral density (BMD) is strongly associated with fracture and postfracture mortality, the burden of fractures attributable to low BMD has not been investigated.

Objectives
We sought to estimate the population attributable fraction of fractures and fracture-related mortality that can be attributed to low BMD.

Design and Setting
This study is a part of an ongoing population-based prospective cohort study, the Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology study. In total, 3700 participants aged ≥50 years participated in the study. Low-trauma fracture was ascertained by X-ray reports, and mortality was ascertained from the Birth, Death and Marriage Registry.

Results
Overall, 21% of women and 11% of men had osteoporotic BMD. In univariable analysis, 21% and 16% of total fractures in women and men, respectively, were attributable to osteoporosis. Osteoporosis combined with advancing age (>70 years) accounted for 34% and 35% of fractures in women and men, respectively. However, these two factors accounted for ∼60% of hip fractures. About 99% and 66% of postfracture mortality in women and men, respectively, were attributable to advancing age, osteoporosis, and fracture; however, most of the attributable proportion was accounted for by advancing age.

Conclusions
A substantial health care burden of fracture is on people aged <70 years or nonosteoporosis, suggesting that treatment of people with osteoporosis is unlikely to reduce a large number of fractures in the general population.
A Cut/cohesin axis alters the chromatin landscape to facilitate neuroblast death
Authors: Arya Richa , Gyonjyan Seda , Harding Katherine , Sarkissian Tatevik , Li Ying , Zhou Lei , White Kristin 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
Precise control of cell death in the nervous system is essential for development. Spatial and temporal factors activate the death of Drosophila neural stem cells (neuroblasts) by controlling the transcription of multiple cell death genes through a shared enhancer. The activity of this enhancer is controlled by abdominal A and Notch, but additional inputs are needed for proper specificity. Here, we show that the Cut DNA binding protein is required for neuroblast death, regulating reaper and grim downstream of the shared enhancer and of abdominal A expression. The loss of cut accelerates the temporal progression of neuroblasts from a state of low overall levels of H3K27me3 to a higher H3K27me3 state. This is reflected in an increase in H3K27me3 modifications in the cell death gene locus in the CNS on Cut knockdown. We also show that cut regulates the expression of the cohesin subunit Stromalin. Stromalin and the cohesin regulatory subunit Nipped-B are required for neuroblast death, and knockdown of Stromalin increases H3K27me3 levels in neuroblasts. Thus, Cut and cohesin regulate apoptosis in the developing nervous system by altering the chromatin landscape.
Enhancing regeneration after acute kidney injury by promoting cellular dedifferentiation in zebrafish
Authors: Brilli Skvarca Lauren , Han Hwa In , Espiritu Eugenel B. , Missinato Maria A. , Rochon Elizabeth R. , McDaniels Michael D. , Bais Abha S. , Roman Beth L. , Waxman Joshua S. , Watkins Simon C. , Davidson Alan J. , Tsang Michael , Hukriede Neil A. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious disorder for which there are limited treatment options. Following injury, native nephrons display limited regenerative capabilities, relying on the dedifferentiation and proliferation of renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) that survive the insult. Previously, we identified 4-(phenylthio)butanoic acid (PTBA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDI), as an enhancer of renal recovery, and showed that PTBA treatment increased RTEC proliferation and reduced renal fibrosis. Here, we investigated the regenerative mechanisms of PTBA in zebrafish models of larval renal injury and adult cardiac injury. With respect to renal injury, we showed that delivery of PTBA using an esterified prodrug (UPHD25) increases the reactivation of the renal progenitor gene Pax2a, enhances dedifferentiation of RTECs, reduces Kidney injury molecule-1 (Kim-1) expression, and lowers the number of infiltrating macrophages. Further, we found that the effects of PTBA on RTEC proliferation depend upon retinoic acid signaling and demonstrate that the therapeutic properties of PTBA are not restricted to the kidney but also increase cardiomyocyte proliferation and decrease fibrosis following cardiac injury in adult zebrafish. These studies provide key mechanistic insights into how PTBA enhances tissue repair in models of acute injury and lay the groundwork for translating this novel HDI into the clinic.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the joint first authors of the paper.
Cutaneous respiration by diving beetles from underground aquifers of Western Australia (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae)
Authors: Jones Karl K. , Cooper Steven J. B. , Seymour Roger S. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTInsects have a gas-filled respiratory system, which provides a challenge for those that have become aquatic secondarily. Diving beetles (Dytiscidae) use bubbles on the surface of their bodies to supply O2 for their dives and passively gain O2 from the water. However, these bubbles usually require replenishment at the water's surface. A highly diverse assemblage of subterranean dytiscids has evolved in isolated calcrete aquifers of Western Australia with limited/no access to an air–water interface, raising the question of how they are able to respire. We explored the hypothesis that they use cutaneous respiration by studying the mode of respiration in three subterranean dytiscid species from two isolated aquifers. The three beetle species consume O2 directly from the water, but they lack structures on their bodies that could have respiratory function. They also have a lower metabolic rate than other insects. O2 boundary layers surrounding the beetles are present, indicating that O2 diffuses into the surface of their bodies via cutaneous respiration. Cuticle thickness measurements and other experimental results were incorporated into a mathematical model to understand whether cutaneous respiration limits beetle size. The model indicates that the cuticle contributes considerably to resistance in the O2 cascade. As the beetles become larger, their metabolic scope narrows, potentially limiting their ability to allocate energy to mating, foraging and development at sizes above approximately 5 mg. However, the ability of these beetles to utilise cutaneous respiration has enabled the evolution of the largest assemblage of subterranean dytiscids in the world.
Seawater Desalination with Light Energy Incorporating Artificial Transpiration Stream Using Gas Injection Tube
Authors: Fujiwara Masahiro , Tomita Kisho , Kikuchi Masaki 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Transpiration is a function of plants to evaporate water from their leaf stomata, which enables plants to take up ground water from their roots to their leaves through the xylem. This water flux function is called the transpiration stream. This paper shows the application of the concept of a transpiration stream to seawater desalination using sunlight as a single energy source. This approach uses a simple mimic of plants using a glass gas injection tube, where its inside channel, porous glass part and small pores of the porous part are paralleled with xylem, leaf and stomata of plants, respectively. Aqueous solutions of a dye (methylene blue) absorbing visible light were evaporated from the porous part under visible light irradiation and upward pumping of a dye solution was observed in the channel. When the porous part of the glass gas injection tube was modified with solvent black 5 as non-water-soluble dye, the vaporization and the upward pumping of water in the tube were observed. Recovered vaporized water from artificial seawater was successfully desalinated. Using the mechanism of a transpiration stream, desalination and automatic supply of seawater were achieved only using sunlight.
Devenir élève à quatre ans
Authors: Amendola Catherine , Angéloz Huguenot Sandrine , Jacobs Marie 
Published: April 2019

Depuis plusieurs années, les politiques éducatives en Europe considèrent l’encadrement des jeunes enfants comme un des leviers pour réduire les inégalités sociales et favoriser la réussite scolaire. La Suisse a rejoint ces préoccupations et harmonisé son système éducatif en faisant débuter la scolarité obligatoire à l’âge de quatre ans sur l’ensemble de son territoire. Cette contribution examine les tensions entre enfance et scolarité et présente les premiers résultats d’une enquête par questionnaire en ligne auprès des enseignant-e-s encadrant les enfants de quatre à six ans dans le canton de Vaud. La présentation des données est organisée selon trois axes d’analyse : les approches pédagogiques sous-jacentes dans les réponses des répondant-e-s, les caractéristiques de l’apprentissage dans les pratiques déclarées, la manière de définir leur rôle et celui de l’élève.
L’entrée dans le métier d’enseignant
Authors: Bailleul Michaël , Obajtek Sylvain 
Published: April 2019

Cet article propose d’interroger les représentations de fonctionnaires étudiants stagiaires (FES) de l’académie de Lille durant l’année de titularisation sur les manières d’être enfant à l’école. Quelle part de l’enfance peut être perçue dans leur première approche du « métier d’élève » ? Comment envisagent-ils les possibilités et modalités d’être enfant à l’école dans leurs primo-pratiques de classe ? L’enquête menée (observation ethnographique et entretiens semi-directifs) met en exergue tout d’abord l’existence de trois profils correspondant à des représentations distinctes de l’enfance chez les enseignants novices. L’analyse des représentations des FES, croisée aux pratiques exercées en cycle 1, montre ensuite toute la complexité de faire classe face à un contexte d’action singulier, où les apprentissages sont orientés vers l’acquisition de la vie sociale.
Les sociabilités enfantines à l’école au prisme de la mixité culturelle et linguistique
Authors: Rigoni Isabelle 
Published: April 2019

Cet article s’intéresse aux sociabilités entre pairs d’élèves d’école élémentaire (6-11 ans) scolarisés dans des établissements composés de populations culturellement et linguistiquement hétérogènes. Il s’appuie sur les résultats de plusieurs programmes de recherche menés de 2014 à 2018 relatifs à la structuration des expériences socio-scolaires d’élèves dans un contexte de forte mixité. Les méthodes d’enquêtes par observation, entretiens et questionnaires ont été adaptées à l’âge et aux contraintes linguistiques des enfants. L’article porte dans un premier temps sur les solutions proposées par l’institution scolaire aux élèves migrants allophones et leurs effets sur les rapports sociaux entre élèves de différentes origines. Nous analysons ensuite, dans ce contexte, les relations amicales et de camaraderie entre enfants en tenant compte des variables à la fois culturelle, linguistique, de l’âge et du genre. Enfin, nous tentons de cerner le rôle des équipes éducatives quant aux relations interpersonnelles entre les élèves ainsi que dans la facilitation ou la médiation dans l’espace de socialisation qu’est l’École.
Enfances à l’école : un singulier pluriel
Authors: Garnier Pascale 
Published: April 2019

Bien évidemment, s’agissant de l’enfance, le pluriel s’impose : il met en exergue, dès le titre de ce numéro, sa diversité pour mieux dénaturaliser cet âge de la vie, l’abstraire en particulier de ses substrats biologiques. Le pluriel des enfances s’oppose également à une universalité qui occulterait la multiplicité de ses formes et contenus à travers le temps et l’espace, ainsi que la pluralité des expériences des enfants.
Anthropometric and Motor Characteristics of South African National Level Female Soccer Players
Authors: Booysen Marc Jon , Gradidge Philippe Jean-Luc , Constantinou Demitri 
Published: April 2019

AbstractData regarding anthropometric and motor characteristics of elite national level female soccer players are scarce. Determining these characteristics may likely assist in evaluating the specificity of current training programmes, identify players who might lack specific qualities deemed critical for the successful execution of their tactical roles, and benchmark norms for developing future playing talent. Therefore, the aims of this study were to describe anthropometric and motor characteristics of South African national level female soccer players (n = 37) and determine possible differences with regard to their playing position. The following measurements and tests were performed: anthropometry (body mass index and sum-of-skinfolds), the countermovement jump, sprints (10 m, 20 m and 40 m), upper body muscle endurance (push-ups) and the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test - level 1. One-way analysis of variance revealed few differences in the main outcome variables. Fischer Least Significant Difference (LSD) showed that strikers had a greater body mass index than midfielders and defenders (both p = 0.04) and goalkeepers were heavier than defenders (p = 0.02). Goalkeepers were slower than strikers and defenders over 10 m (p = 0.01; p = 0.03) and 20 m (p = 0.001; p = 0.01). Midfielders were slower than strikers over 20 m (p = 0.02), and with strikers and defenders over 40 m (both p = 0.04). Defenders performed better than goalkeepers in the upper body muscle endurance test (p = 0.02). In conclusion, both strikers and defenders require speed to win ball possession, which may explain their fast sprint times. However, the similarity of certain motor characteristics across playing positions may suggest that conditioning coaches train players similarly, irrespective of their tactical position. The authors suggest that South African fitness professionals, particularly at a club level, develop physical conditioning programs specific to each field position. Furthermore, fitness assessments should occur on a continuous basis and comparisons should be made with existing normative data in order to guide the development of players over the course of their careers.
Monte Carlo Evidence on the Estimation Method for Industry Dynamics
Authors: Yamana Kazufumi 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This study presents a structural estimation method for nonlinear stochastic dynamic models of heterogeneous firms. I perform a Monte Carlo experiment to evaluate the performance of the estimators for the AR(1) dynamic panel data subject to sample selection without exogenous regressors. The results suggest a strong need to correct the sample selection and that the proposed structural estimation method works well. These results are important for practical situations where the assumptions of the standard sample selection correction methods are not satisfied.
Reach Enhancement of Designed Free Space Optical Communication System Using Hybrid Optical Amplifier
Authors: Kumar Suresh , Arora Payal 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Free space optical (FSO) communication is coming up as an attractive alternative to solve the connectivity hindrances. It is an efficient optical technology having several advantages such as narrow beam size, unlicensed spectrum, high reliability, huge modulation bandwidth, low power and higher grade of security. In this paper, we have proposed an FSO communication system model using EDFA-EDFA hybrid optical amplifier (HOA) configuration which provides enhanced reach and higher data rate. For transmitting channel, weak turbulence approximation which exhibits log-normal statistics is considered. Q-factor, bit error rate (BER) and Eye diagram have been taken as performance metrics. From simulative results, it has been observed that the designed FSO communication system efficiently enhances the transmission reach from 1,000 to 5,000 m along with a substantial improvement in Q-factor and BER.
Effects of Order Super Gaussian Pulses on the Performance of High Data Rate Optical Fiber Channel in the Presence of Self Phase Modulation
Authors: Amiri IS , Rashed Ahmed Nabih Zaki , Yupapin P. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The work has simulated different order Gaussian pulses effects on the high data rate fiber communication channel and optical receiver sensitivity with/without self-phase modulation (SPM). The light signal per noise ratio, and total dispersion coefficient after optical fiber communication channel are measured at different order Gaussian pulses. Receiver sensitivity and maximum Q-factor are also measured for an optical receiver at high transmission data rates at different order Gaussian pulses. As well as Soliton peak power is measured for different transmission data rates with/without SPM effects. It is observed that the system performance is degraded over 100 Gb/s data transmission and 50 km fiber distance especially in the presence of SPM effects. It is evident that the system performance efficiency is degraded with high order Gaussian pulses. It is recommended to use first-order Gaussian pulse for upgrade optical communication system performance efficiency.
Mathematical Model Analysis of Dispersion and Loss in Photonic Crystal Fibers
Authors: Amiri IS , Yupapin P. , Rashed Ahmed Nabih Zaki 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This study has deeply investigated the basic equations analysis of dispersion and loss in photonic crystal fibers (PCF) within the operating wavelengths of 850, 1,300, and 1,550 nm. The confinement loss, effective refractive index, and effective cross-section area of PCF are also studied. The variations of total dispersion and losses against hole diameter and distance between holes variations in PCF are clarified. Confinement loss, effective refractive index, and effective cross-section area variations for PCF are sketches with the variations of the operating wavelength.
More than Global? A Roundtable Discussion
Authors: Wilson Rob , Banerjee Sandeep , Schulze-Engler Frank , Zalloua Zahi , Xie Ming , Ghosh Ranjan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn 2016, Duke University press published a book-length dialogue between two leading literary and cultural critics, Ranjan Ghosh and J. Hillis Miller,Thinking Literature Across Continents, which provides the starting point for this discussion forum. Particularly pertinent both for this forum and, more generally, special issue, in the fifth chapter ofThinking Literature Across Continents, Ghosh examines the possibilities of “more than global” as a lens through which to assess the possibilities not only of literary but of all thought processes. Here, five scholars – Rob Wilson, Sandeep Banerjee, Frank Schulze-Engler, Zahi Zalloua, and Ming Xie – meditate on the potential of Ghosh‘s “more than global” thesis. Finally, Ghosh responds to these meditations in the light of his ever-developing thesis.