bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Verteilung von Zink, Kupfer und Cadmium in verschiedenen Organen von Plötzen (Rutilus rutilus L .) aus Neckar und Elsenz / Distribution of Zinc, Copper, and Cadmium in Various Organs of Roaches ( Rutilus rutilus L.) from the Neckar and Elsenz Rivers
Authors: Müller German , Prosi F. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Zinc, copper and cadmium concentrations in various organs of 30 roadies (Rutilus rutilus L.) from the Neckar and Elsenz Rivers were investigated. The contents of all three metals are elevated in all fishes; however, only Cd in older fishes was found to exceed the tolerance limit for human health in a section of the Neckar River, which until 1973 was heavily contaminated with Cd from industrial wastes. The higher degree of Zn-pollution in the Elsenz River is also clearly expressed in the Zncontents of the Elsenz fishes. The following order of sequence of metal concentrations (independant of the collection area and the degree of contamination) could be observed: Zn and C d: muscle < liver <C kidney Cu : muscle < kidney < liver Our findings demonstrate the importance of fishes as indicator organism for heavy metal contamination. They also clearly implicate that for ecological rather than for human toxicological investigations the organ in which a specific metal tends to preferentially accumulate (p. ex. Zn and Cu in the kidney; Cu in the liver; Pb in the skeleton; Hg in lipids) is the best indicator of that metal. As a consequence specific fish organs should be increasingly used to determine the extent of heavy metal contamination in aquatic systems.
Flavonoid and Isoflavonoid Compounds from Leaves of Sainfoin (Onobrychis vicii folia )
Authors: Ingham John L. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The 5-deoxyisoflavones, afrormosin and formononetin have been isolated from healthy leaves of Onobrychis viciifolia. In addition to these compounds, several other flavonoid (iso-liquiritigenin; liquiritigenin; garbanzol) and isoflavonoid (medicarpin; vestitol) derivatives including the new iso-flavanone, vestitone (7,2′-dihydroxy-4′-methoxyisoflavanone), are present in leaves inoculated with the fungus Helmintho-sporium carbonum.
Eine Untersuchung der in vivo Oxidation des Capsidiols mit Hilfe der 13C-NMR Spektroskopie / A 13C-NMR Study of the Biological Oxidation of Capsidiol
Authors: Stothers J. B. , Stoessl A. , Ward E. W. B. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The mechanism of the biological hydroxylation of the isopropenyl side-chain of the sesquiterpene capsidiol, to give 13-hydroxycapsidiol, has been investigated with 13C-NMR techniques, using capsidiol biogenetically enriched with 13C from [1,2-13C2] acetate. The results indicate that neither an allylic rearrangement nor the formation of an epoxide intervene in the process.
Spectroscopic Studies on Vapour Phase Tautomerism of Natural Bases Found in Nucleic Acids
Authors: Nowak Maciej J. , Szczepaniak Krystyna , Barski Andrzej , Shugar David 
Published: August 2018

Infrared absorption spectra, in the vapour phase, have been recorded in the regions of NH, OH and carbonyl stretching frequencies, for a series of 1-substituted uracils and 9-substituted adenine and hypoxanthine, formal analogues of the natural nucleosides of uracil, adenine and hypoxanthine found in DNA and/or RNA. A number of related analogues was also examined, including the N-methyl derivatives of the known mutagen and chemotherapeutic agent, 5-fluorouracil.
The infrared absorption spectra provide unequivocal evidence for the existence of 1-substituted uracils as the 2,4-diketo tautomer, of 9-substituted hypoxanthine as the 6-keto tautomer, and of 9-substituted adenine as the 6-amino tautomer. These are the known predominant tautomeric forms in solution, so that the gas phase results are in sharp contrast with those for other nitrogen heterocycles, where the tautomeric equilibrium constants may differ by several orders of magnitude in going from solution to the vapour phase. The significance of these results is evaluated in relation to the types of heterocyclic bases found in natural nucleic acids, and to concepts of spontaneous and induced mutations in terms of mis-pairing.
The ultraviolet absorption spectra of the various compounds have also been examined in the gas phase, but proved of relatively limited use in studies on tautomeric equilibria under these conditions.
Heats of vaporization have been determined for most of the compounds examined. In particular the heat of vaporization for 1,3-dimethyluracil, which is incapable of association by hydrogen bonding in the condensed phase, is much lower than for uracil and 1 (3) -methyluracils which can associate by hydrogen bonding.
Proteinsynthese mit Zellextrakten von Micrococcus radiodurans/ Protein Synthesis with Cell Extracts of Micrococcus radiodurans
Authors: Widmann Annette , Süssmuth Roland 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Pure active ribosomes of cells of Micrococcus radiodurans could be obtained when cultivated in trypton, glucose and nutrient broth by adding natrium citrate. The optimal conditions for a cell-free protein synthesis were investigated at the (polyuridylic acid) dependent polyphenylalanine synthesis. When exchanging ribosomes and S100-fractions with the corresponding fractions of E. coli, we found that the enzyme fractions of M. radiodurans extremely inhibit the ribosomal activity. The incorporation rates in the cell-free system of M. radiodurans yield, at com parable conditions, in relation to E. coli under 10%.
Isopycnic Equilibrium of Mouse Liver [131I]Albumin Digesting Particles in Sucrose Gradients
Authors: Bertini Francisco , Otta M. Eduardo , Conzalez Mercedes 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The isopycnic equilibrium of [131J] albumin digesting particles from mouse liver homogenates occurs, in a sucrose gradient, at a density 1.25, and it does not change with time after albumin injection (5 to 300 minutes).
Derivate des Benzo[1.3] dioxols, 421 Über Amino-benzo[1.3]dioxole / Derivatives of 1.3-Benzodioxoles, 42 Am ino-1,3-benzodioxoles
Authors: Daliacker Franz , Erkens Leonardus , Kim In-O 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We describe the preparation of the amino-1,3-benzodioxoles 1b-10b. They were prepared by reduction of 5-nitro-(1a), 6-nitro-5-methoxy-(3a), 6-nitro-5-methoxy-(4a) , and 5-nitro-4,7-dimethoxy-1,3-benzodioxole (7a) with hydrogen and palladium as catalyst.Further the amides of 1,3-benzodioxole- 4-(2a) , 4-methoxy-1,3-benzodioxole-5- (5a), 4-methoxy-1,3-benzodioxole-7- (6a), 4,5-dimethoxy- 1,3-benzodioxole-6-(8a), 4,5-dimethoxy-1,3-benzodioxole-7-(9a), and 5,6-dimethoxy-1,3-benzodioxole-4-carboxylic acid (10a) were subjected to Hofmann’s reaction.
The pKBH +-values of the amino-1,3-benzodioxoles 1b-10b and of 2,3-dimethoxyaniline were measured.
5-Amino-1,3-benzodioxole (1b) was found to be the strongest, and 4-amino-5,6-dimethoxy-1,3- benzodioxole (10b) the slightest base.
Determination of Thallium in Brain Tissue by Stable Isotope Dilution and Field Desorption Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Schulten H.-R. , Lehmann W . D. , Ziskoven R. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The utility of field desorption mass spectrometry for quantitative metal cation analysis in forensic sciences is demonstrated by the determination of a lethal thallium level in the brain tissue of an experimental animal. Stable isotope dilution and accumulation of the electrically recorded field desorption ion currents with a multi-channel analyzer allowed a direct estimation of thallium in homogenized tissue samples without further pretreatment. Experiments with standard solutions revealed the limit of detection for thallium to be about 10pg of the metal cation.
A Rapid Procedure for the Purification of Ferredoxin from Spinach Using Polyethyleneimine
Authors: Thauer R. , Schirrmacher H. , Schymanski W. , Schönheit P. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
A rapid procedure for the purification of ferredoxin from spinach is described, which is based on the finding that ferredoxins can be precipitated with polyethyleneimines from acetone containing solutions. The ferredoxin was obtained in high yields (25-35 mg/kg spinach) and high purity (A420/A275= O.47) within less than 8 hours.
Ätherisches Öl in Radix Chamomillae (Matricaria chamomilla L .) / Essential Oil of Radix Chamomillae
Authors: Reichling Jürgen , Becker Hans 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The essential oil of chamomil roots has been investigated. Three sesquiterpenoids could be isolated and characterized by their retention time in reference to authentic substances and by their mass spectre. These are α-farnesene, β-farnesene and bisabololoxid A. Other sesquiterpenoids and polyentype substances are present and will be identified later.
Vanadium Catalysis in the Nonenzymatic Transamination of δ-Aminolevulinic Acid
Authors: Meisch Hans-Ulrich , Hoffmann Heinz , Reinle Wolfgang 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
By nonenzymatic model reactions, the influence of vanadium (VO2+, VO3
−) and other metal ions (Al3+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Cr3+) on the transamination of 4,5-dioxovaleric acid (DOVA) with ʟ-alanine (Ala) to δ -aminolevulinic acid (δ-ALA) and pyruvic acid (PA) with pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) is investigated. The examinations of the partial reactions show that VO2+, VO3
− and Fe2+ effectively enhance both conversions, while Ni2+ only promotes the conversion of DOVA to δ -ALA with pyridoxamine phosphate (PMP). Besides Cr3+ , which inhibits the transaminations, all other metals tried slightly enhance both reactions. The coupled transamination DOVA/Ala to δ-ALA/PA with PLP as a catalyst is performed at 40 °C , the extent of the reaction being judged by the amount of δ-ALA formed. Among all metal ions tested, VO2+ and VO3
− were found to be the most effective ones. Fe2+, Al3+ and Fe3+ also slightly enhance the reaction, but all other metals do not influence or inhibit the transamination. In presence of VO2+ or VO3
− ions, the optimum pH of the reaction shifts from pH 4 to pH 7.4. The positive influence of vanadium on δ-ALA transamination is discussed in connection with known structures of analogous Schiff base complexes with metal ions.
Evidence for Distinct Amino Acid Transport Systems in Cultured Tobacco Cells
Authors: Berlin Jochen , Mutert Ulrich 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
It is shown by competition experiments that tobacco cell lines have distinct transport systems for ʟ-amino acids. For all tested amino acids the Lineweaver-Burk plots were diphasic indicating the presence of more than one carrier for any one amino acid. Moreover distinct transport systems for neutral, acidic and basic amino acids were kinetically characterized. Based on competition experiments neutral amino acids were absorbed by all transport systems. Aspartic acid entered the cells via its own carrier and via the basic carrier while arginine was taken up only by the basic carrier. Neutral amino acids such as ʟ-leucine or ʟ-phenylalanine were taken up faster than acidic or basic amino acids.
Die krebserzeugende Wirkung polycyclischer aromatischer Kohlenwasserstoffe / The Carcinogenic Effect of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Authors: Contag Bodo 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The two most important theories on the mode of action of carcinogenic hydrocarbons are juxtaposed by a new theory. This theory refers to ideas which have been discussed for a rather long time in silicose research and describes a mechanism whose principle will possibly be important for the specific effect of some pharmaceutica.
Peroxidatic Degradation of Flavanones
Authors: Patzlaff Martin , Barz Wolfgang 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Peroxidases were shown to be responsible for the degradation of flavanones as occuring after application of these substrates to plant cell suspension cultures. - Comparative studies with various flavanones and horseradish peroxidase showed that only 4′-hydroxyflavanones will be catabolized peroxidatically. - Intensive analyses of naringenin (5,7,4′-trihydroxyflavanone) degradation by horseradish peroxidase revealed that very complex reactions with many catabolites are involved. Main degradative pathways comprise a) hydroxilation in the 3′-position, b) elimina­tion of ring B leading to chromones, c) cleavage reactions of the heterocylic ring resulting in phenolic catabolites from ring A and most important d) oxidative destruction of ring A leading to C6 - C3-, C6 - C2- and C6-C1- units from ring B. - The data are compared with the results of feeding experiments and are discussed with regard to their physiological significance.
Zufallspaarung mit teilweiser Selbstung unter verschiedenen Modellen von häufigkeitsabhängiger Selektion /Mixed Random Mating and Selfing with Different Models of Frequency-Dependent Selection
Authors: Hühn M. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Given a large population with mixed random mating and selfing (one locus-two alleles) different models of frequency-dependent selection were discussed - including a simple biometrical model for considering and analysing the competitive effects between neighbouring individuals in plant populations. For each model there were studied: changes in gene frequencies, population genetic equilibria, times until reaching these equilibria etc. - in dependence of the different parameters used: composition of the initial population, probability of selfing, selection-coefficients, competition-parameters.
Apart from only few differing results it follows from the studies performed in these investigations, that the different composition of the initial population is of no particular importance as well for the gene frequencies p̂ at equilibrium as for the time t̂ until reaching these equilibria. This result is especially right for p̂.
Different probabilities of selfing and different degrees of dominance in the selection coefficients are indeed of some influence on the existence and location of the population genetic equilibria, but here too we find an disproportionately stronger dependence with the time t̂ until reaching the equilibrium than with the gene frequency p̂ at equilibrium . The special importance of overdominance for the maintenance of genetic polymorphisms, which is well known in the case of non­ frequency-dependent selection (see: model 1 of the present studies) turn out to be of some other meaning in the models of frequency-dependent selection, which were analysed in the present paper: Depart from only few special situations (model 2 ; complete self-fertilization in models 5 and 6 ; extremely high probabilities of selfing in model 7) nontrivial equilibria are reached for all degrees of dominance. Therefore, the special importance of overdominance mentioned above, not proves right in the case of frequency-dependent selection.
The investigations of the present paper have shown, that existence and location of the non­ trivial population genetic equilibria are determined not so much by degree of dominance and probability of selfing, but the equilibria are mainly determined by the model of the investigation used in the concerning studies.
In the case of frequency-dependent selection, therefore, the explicit form of the fitness values as functions of the frequencies plays the decisive role in maintaining genetic polymorphisms.
The Variation of the Electrochromic Difference Spectrum at Various Stages of the Chloroplast Development
Authors: Renger G. , Difiore D. , Luuring B. , Gräber P. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The flash-induced difference spectrum in the range of 450 - 550 nm of protochloroplasts isolated from pea-leaves greened under intermittent illumination (2 min light, 98 min dark) was measured and compared with that of fully developed chloroplasts from pea leaves. Because of the sensitivity of the decay o fthe absorption changes to the ionophore valinomycin they were shown to mainly be due to an electrochromic bandshift of the membrane pigments (chlorophylls-a, -b and carotenoids). The differences in the shape and the amplitude between both spectra are consistently explained within the framework of a recent hypothesis supposed by Sewe and Reich (Z. Naturforsch. 33 c, 161 - 171 (1978)) by the lack of chlorophyll-b in the protochloroplasts. It is concluded, that the transformation of the protochloroplasts into chloroplasts which is accompanied by the incorporation of the light harvesting complex and the formation of grana stacks does not seriously change the orientation of the field indicating pigments within the membrane with respect of the polarity of the light induced vectorial electron transport.
Isolation of Anatomical Brain Mutants of Drosophila by Histological Means
Authors: Heisenberg M. , Böhl K. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Due to its small size Drosophila melanogaster can conveniently be used in screening experiments for anatomical brain mutants. A simple method has been designed which allows to process up to 20 identifiable flies as a single preparation in a standard histology routine. Anatomical brain mutants are very frequent. Over 60 mutants were obtained from the inspection of about 3000 brains. So far genetic variations of brain structure fall into 4 classes: (1) “low fidelity” mutants in which brains are less precisely built; (2) “brain shape” mutants with globally or partially reduced brains; (3) “architectonic” mutants which show constructional defects mainly in the repetitive structures of the brain and (4) “vacuolar” mutants with globular “holes” in certain areas of the brain. These mutant classes obviously reflect different aspects of brain development like cell pro­liferation (2), “wiring” (3) and cell death (4). Some of the mutants may prove to be useful in anatomical, physiological or genetic brain research.
Phototaktische Reaktion von Asplanchna priodonta bei monochromatischem Reizlicht/Phototactic Reactions of Asplanchna priodonta to Monochromatic Light
Authors: Hertel Horst 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
1. The spectral sensitivity curve of the positive phototactic reaction of the rotifer Asplanchna priodon ta has a triple peak. The maxima lie at 363 nm, 453 nm and 552 nm.
2. In the shortest wavelength tested and in the area of 453 to 594 nm was the precision of the phototactic orientation found to be high. In between lies a minimum at 395 nm, above 594 nm occurs a rapid decrease in phototactic orientation.
3. No wavelength specific differences in the way of orientation were found when using dif­ ferent monochromatic test light stimuli. This leads the same mixture of photopigments.
Notizen: Methylmercury-Induced Sedimentation Heterogeneity of T7 Bacteriophage DNA
Authors: Gruenwedel Dieter W. , Brown Susan E. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Single-stranded and methylmercurated T7 DNA is composed of two species as evidenced from the sedimentation pattern displayed during band-sedimentation in self-generating density gradients as well as during equilibrium-sedimentation in Cs2SO4 density gradients. Under the given experimental conditions, viz., at pH 9.18 and in presence of 0.1 mᴍ CH3HgOH, the two species band in Cs2SO4 with a density difference of 0.008 g/ml. The ratio of the sedimenta tion coefficients of the two species is sW
°, 20 (fast)/sW
°, 20 (slow) = 1.63 at pH 9.18 and in presence of 1.6 mM CH3HgOH. Both native and denatured T7 DNA behave as monodisperse systems in the absence of CH3HgOH.
The Possible Mode of Herbicidal Action of Atrazine Basing on the Gas Exchange and the Mode of Plant Damage after Treatment
Authors: Bolhàr-Nordenkampf Harald R. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Under field conditions atrazine inhibits CO2 fixation but the electron flow seems to be hindered partly only. The remaining capacity of the electron transport chain produces not used reducing electrons. The consequence should be a destructiv photooxidation. This process however is suppressed by photorespiration. When all possible substrats including stored carbohydrates are metabolized by photorespiration photooxidation is not hindered any longer and destroys the plant.
Inhibition of Photosynthetic Electron Flow by Phenol and Diphenylether Herbicides in Control and Trypsin-Treated Chloroplasts
Authors: Trebst A. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Alkyl substituted 2-halogen-4-nitro-phenols (like bromonitrothymol) are potent inhibitors of photosynthetic electron flow in chloroplasts. There inhibition site is identical to that of DCMU, though the phenols do not contain their essential chemical element responsible for inhibition nor do they follow their correlation of chemical structure and biochemical function. Binding of labelled metribuzin on the chloroplast membrane and its replacement by the phenol inhibitors support the notion of identical binding sites, however.
In trypsin treated chloroplasts, the primary acceptor of photosystem II becomes accessible to ferricyanide, whose photoreduction is therefore DCMU insensitive. After trypsin treatment also the sensitivity of ferricyanide reduction to phenol inhibitors is lost as is the binding of labelled metri­buzin.
The dinitrophenylethers of bromonitrothymol and of ioxynil and other diphenylethers are potent inhibitors of photosynthetic electron flow. Their site of inhibition is after the function of plastoquinone, i. e. they are DBMIB analogues.
Molecular Cloning of the Restriction Fragments Derived from Double EcoRI/PstI Digestion of the Calf Satellite I DNA and Their Restriction Analysis
Authors: Kłysik Jan , Furtak Krystyna , Szymczak Grażyna , Bartnik Ewa , Skowroński Jacek , Panusz Henryk 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Calf satellite I DNA digested with EcoRI and PstI gives three fragments 643, 621 and 83 bp long. Two of them , the 643 and 621 bp were cloned using pBR 322 vector and analyzed by means of the MspI and Haelll restriction enzymes.
Rates of de novo Synthesis of Malate Synthase and Albumins during the Very Early Phase of Germination
Authors: Köller Wolfram , Kindl Helmut 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Malate synthase is synthesized de novo in the very early phase of germination. Its molecular and immunological properties do not differ from those of malate synthase from fully developed cotyledons. Radioactive leucine was administered to dry seeds of cucumber, and its incorporation into proteins of cotyledons was examined after 2 days of germination. The specific radioactivity of malate synthase, purified by immunoprecipitation and electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel, was only 1/20 the average value of the total albumin fraction. The minimal incorporation documented by the comparatively low specific activity of isolated malate synthase is discussed in relation to the large pool of malate synthase already present in dry seeds.
Protein Subunits of Bacteriochlorophylls B 802 and B 855 of the Light-Harvesting Complex II of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata
Authors: Feick Reiner , Drews Gerhart 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The light-harvesting antenna complex II of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata is characterized by two prominent IR-absorption maxima at 802 and 855 nm and three polypeptides of 14,000, 10,000 and 8,000 molecular weight (SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis). Bacteriochlorophyll (Bchl) is associated with the two lower molecular weight polypeptides. The membranes of the mutant Y 5, which lades reaction center and light harvesting complex I (B 875), were treated with trypsin. The 14,000 polypeptide was rapidly digested by trypsin, but the absorption spectrum of the membrane and the activity of the cytochrome c oxidase were not altered. Subsequently the 8,000 polypeptide was degraded. The digestion of the 8,000 polypeptide was concomitant with and proportional to the loss of absorbance at 802 nm. The absorption peak at 855 nm and the content of the 10,000 molecular weight polypeptide were, in contrast, stable for a longer time, but were also lost simultaneously.
These results, in combination with the recent publications of Sauer and Austin (Biochemistry 17, 2011, 1978), and Cogdell and Crofts (Biochim. Biophys. Acta 502, 409, 1978) support the idea that the two molecules of Bchl associated with the 10,000 polypeptide are responsible for the 855 nm peak while the one or two mol of Bchl associated with 8,000 polypeptide result in the 802 nm absorption maximum.