bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term outcomes after group B streptococcus infection: a cohort study
Authors: Yeo Kee Thai , Lahra Monica , Bajuk Barbara , Hilder Lisa , Abdel-Latif Mohamed E , Wright Ian M , Oei Ju-Lee 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveTo describe the risk of death and hospitalisation until adolescence of children after group B streptococcus (GBS) infection during infancy.DesignPopulation-based cohort study.SettingNew South Wales, Australia.PatientsAll registered live births from 2000 to 2011.InterventionsComparison of long-term outcomes in children with the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems-10th Revision discharge codes corresponding to GBS infections and those without.Main outcome measuresDeath and hospitalisation.ResultsA total of 1206 (0.1%) children (936 (77.6%)≥37 weeks’ gestation) were diagnosed with GBS infection. Over the study period, infection rates decreased from 2.1 (95% CI 1.8 to 2.4) to 0.7 (95% CI 0.5 to 0.9) per 1000 live births. Infants with GBS infection were born at lower gestation (mean 37.6 vs 39.0 weeks), were more likely very low birth weight (<1500 g, OR 9.1(95% CI 7.4 to 11.3)), born premature (OR 3.9(95% CI 3.4 to 4.5)) and have 5 min Apgar scores ≤5 (OR 6.7(95% CI 5.1 to 8.8)). Children with GBS had three times the adjusted odds of death (adjusted OR (AOR) 3.0(95% CI 2.1 to 4.3)) or rehospitalisations (AOR 3.1(95% CI 2.7 to 3.5)). Thirty-six (3.0%) with GBS died, with >50% of deaths occurring <28 days. Children with GBS were hospitalised more frequently (median 2 vs 1), for longer duration (mean 3.7 vs 2.2 days) and were at higher risk for problems with genitourinary (OR 3.1(95% CI 2.8 to 3.5)) and nervous (OR 2.0 (95% CI1.7 to 2.3)) systems.ConclusionsDespite decreasing GBS rates, the risk of poor health outcomes for GBS-infected children remains elevated, especially during the first 5 years. Survivors continue to be at increased risk of death and chronic conditions requiring hospitalisations, such as cerebral palsy and epilepsy.
Sleep quality and noise: comparisons between hospital and home settings
Authors: Bevan Rosanna , Grantham-Hill Sarah , Bowen Ruth , Clayton Esther , Grice Helen , Venditti Holly Caroline , Stickland Alice , Hill Catherine Mary 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundChildren and their parents report poor sleep in hospital and complain about noise.ObjectiveTo measure sleep quality and noise levels in hospital and compare these with the home environment.DesignObservational within case-controlled study.SettingPaediatric medical wards at Southampton Children’s Hospital and bedrooms at home.Participants and methodsParticipants were children aged 3–16 years and their co-sleeping parents. Sleep quality was measured using actigraphy for a maximum of 5 nights in each setting. Median sound levels at the bedside were monitored overnight in a subgroup in both settings.Main outcome measuresTotal sleep time, sleep efficiency, median sound levels overnight.Results40 children and 16 mothers completed actigraphy in both settings. Children had on average 62.9 min, and parents 72.8 min, per night less sleep in hospital than at home. Both children and parents had poorer sleep quality in hospital than at home: mean sleep efficiency 77.0% vs 83.2% for children and 77.1% vs 88.9% for parents, respectively. Median sound levels in hospital measured in 8 children averaged 48.6 dBA compared with 34.7 dBA at home and exceeded World Health Organization recommendations of 30 dB.ConclusionsChildren and their mothers have poor quality sleep in paediatric wards. This may affect the child’s behaviour, recovery and pain tolerance. Sleep deprivation adds to parental burden and stress. Sound levels are significantly raised in hospital and may contribute to poor sleep. Reduction in the level of noise might lead to an improvement in sleep, affecting the quality of stay of both parent and child.
Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) programme: study protocol and design of musculoskeletal system and cognitive function (stage II)
Authors: Shafiee Gita , Ostovar Afshin , Heshmat Ramin , Darabi Hossein , Sharifi Farshad , Raeisi Alireza , Mehrdad Neda , Shadman Zhaleh , Razi Faride , Amini Mohammad Reza , Arzaghi Seyed Masoud , Meybodi Hamidreza Aghaei , Soltani Akbar , Nabipour Iraj , Larijani Bagher 
Published: July 2018

IntroductionMusculoskeletal disorders and cognitive diseases are prevalent, and they are significant determinants of morbidity and mortality in older adults. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal and cognitive diseases and their risk factors and also to assess their associations during future follow-ups.Methods and analysisBushehr Elderly Health (BEH) programme is a population-based prospective cohort study being conducted in Bushehr, a southern province of Iran. A total of 3000 older people aged ≥60 years participated in the first stage from which 2772 were eligible to participate in the second stage, which started after 2.5 years. Data including demographic status, lifestyle factors, general healthandmedical history, and mentalandfunctional health are collected through a questionnaire. Anthropometric measures, performance testsandmuscle strength, blood pressure and and body composition measurements are done. A total 25 cc venous blood is taken, and sera are stored at –80°C for possible future analyses.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol was approved by the ethics committee of Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Science as well as the Research Ethics Committee of Bushehr University of Medical Sciences. A written informed consent was signed by all the participants. The study findings will show the prevalence of musculoskeletal disease, cognitive impairment and their risk factors in an elderly population. The participants will be followed during the study to measure the occurrence outcomes.This study will also have the potential to inform the development of beneficial interventions to improve the management of musculoskeletal and cognitive impairment in Iran and other countries in the Middle East.Our findings will be disseminated via scientific publication as well as presentation to stakeholders, including the patients, clinicians, the public and policymakers, via appropriate avenues.
Borderline Ovarian Tumors Share Familial Risks with Themselves and Invasive Cancers
Authors: Zheng Guoqiao , Yu Hongyao , Kanerva Anna , Försti Asta , Sundquist Kristina , Hemminki Kari 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackground: Borderline ovarian tumors (BOTs) are a subgroup of ovarian malignancies with low malignant potential. Very limited earlier data are available on familial clustering of BOTs with other cancers. We aim to explore histology-specific familial associations among BOTs and associations between BOTs and any invasive cancers.Methods: On the basis of 16.1 million individuals in the Swedish Family-Cancer Database, we estimated familial risks for overall or histology-specific patients with BOT considering both BOT and any invasive cancers in first-degree relatives (parents or siblings), as well as familial risks for invasive cancers considering family history of BOTs.Results: A total of 4,199 BOT cases were found in the offspring generation; among them, 34 (0.8%) cases had first-degree relatives diagnosed with any BOT, and 2,489 (59.3%) cases with any invasive cancers. A family history of BOT was associated with risks for all BOTs (RR = 2.20, P &lt; 0.001). Papillary BOT in first-degree relatives was associated with the increased risk of having the same type of BOT (RR = 10.10, P &lt; 0.001). BOTs showed familial associations with some invasive cancers, most consistently with colorectal, ovarian, pancreatic, lung, and bone cancers, and with leukemia. In histologic analyses, associations of BOT with even rare cancers of the anus, thyroid, and endocrine glands were noted.Conclusions: BOTs may share susceptibility with themselves and a number of invasive cancers.Impact: These results provide insight into familial associations of BOT for the first time, which may help with the etiologic mechanism and preventive strategy of BOTs, as well as the genetic counseling for patients with BOT. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(11); 1358–63. ©2018 AACR.
Cytokines Produced by Dendritic Cells Administered Intratumorally Correlate with Clinical Outcome in Patients with Diverse Cancers
Authors: Subbiah Vivek , Murthy Ravi , Hong David S. , Prins Robert M. , Hosing Chitra , Hendricks Kyle , Kolli Deepthi , Noffsinger Lori , Brown Robert , McGuire Mary , Fu Siquing , Piha-Paul Sarina , Naing Aung , Conley Anthony P. , Benjamin Robert S. , Kaur Indreshpal , Bosch Marnix L. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Purpose: Dendritic cells (DC) initiate adaptive immune responses through the uptake and presentation of antigenic material. In preclinical studies, intratumorally injected activated DCs (aDCs; DCVax-Direct) were superior to immature DCs in rejecting tumors from mice.
Experimental Design: This single-arm, open-label phase I clinical trial evaluated the safety and efficacy of aDCs, administered intratumorally, in patients with solid tumors. Three dose levels (2 million, 6 million, and 15 million aDCs per injection) were tested using a standard 3 + 3 dose-escalation trial design. Feasibility, immunogenicity, changes to the tumor microenvironment after direct injection, and survival were evaluated. We also investigated cytokine production of aDCs prior to injection.
Results: In total, 39 of the 40 enrolled patients were evaluable. The injections of aDCs were well tolerated with no dose-limiting toxicities. Increased lymphocyte infiltration was observed in 54% of assessed patients. Stable disease (SD; best response) at week 8 was associated with increased overall survival. Increased secretion of interleukin (IL)-8 and IL12p40 by aDCs was significantly associated with survival (P = 0.023 and 0.024, respectively). Increased TNFα levels correlated positively with SD at week 8 (P &lt; 0.01).
Conclusions: Intratumoral aDC injections were feasible and safe. Increased production of specific cytokines was correlated with SD and prolonged survival, demonstrating a link between the functional profile of aDCs prior to injection and patient outcomes. Clin Cancer Res; 24(16); 3845–56. ©2018 AACR.
Cachectic Cancer Patients: Immune to Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy?
Authors: Coss Christopher C. , Clinton Steven K. , Phelps Mitch A. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibition is dramatically improving patient outcomes in diverse cancers, many of which responded poorly to traditional cytotoxic agents. Drivers of heterogeneous response to immune checkpoint therapy are poorly characterized. Cachectic cancer patients exhibit elevated pembrolizumab clearance and poor response, highlighting the immense therapeutic challenge posed by cancer cachexia.
See related article by Turner et al., p. 5841
Revision of the genus Lamprima Latreille, 1804 (Coleoptera: Lucanidae)
Authors: REID CHRIS A.M. , SMITH KINDI , BEATSON MAX 
Published: July 2018

The genus Lamprima Latreille, 1804 (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Lampriminae: Lamprimini), is revised. Five species are recognised: one in New Guinea (L. adolphinae (Gestro, 1875)), two on isolated western Pacific islands (L. aenea Fabricius, 1792: Norfolk Island; L. insularis W.J. Macleay, 1885: Lord Howe Island), one in northeastern New South Wales (L. imberbis Carter, 1926) and a common widespread species in eastern and southern Australia, L. aurata Latreille, 1817. Lamprima aurata varies considerably morphologically and many of the different forms encompassed by this variation have been described as species. Our study of morphology does not support this classification. Therefore, Lamprima aurata is designated a senior synonym of the following 24 names: L. cuprea Latreille, 1817; L. latreillii W.S. MacLeay, 1819 (new synonym); L. pygmaea W.S. MacLeay, 1819 (new synonym); L. fulgida Boisduval, 1835; L. micardi Reiche, 1841 (new synonym); L. rutilans Erichson, 1842; L. splendens Erichson, 1842; L. viridis Erichson, 1842; L. nigricollis Hope in Westwood, 1845 (new synonym); L. purpurascens Hope in Westwood, 1845 (new synonym); L. sumptuosa Hope in Westwood, 1845 (new synonym); L. tasmaniae Hope in Westwood, 1845 (new synonym); L. varians Burmeister, 1847 (new synonym); L. cultridens Burmeister, 1847 (new synonym); L. amplicollis Thomson, 1862 (new synonym); L. krefftii W.J. MacLeay, 1871 (new synonym); L. violacea W.J. Macleay, 1885 (new synonym); L. mandibularis W.J. Macleay, 1885 (new synonym); L. sericea W..J Macleay, 1885 (new synonym); L.nigripennis W.J. Macleay, 1885 (new synonym); L. minima W.J. Macleay, 1885 (new synonym); L. mariae Lea, 1910; L. coerulea Boileau, 1913 (new synonym); L. insularis Boileau, 1913 (new synonym). Lamprima adolphinae is a senior synonym of L. bohni (Darge & Séguy, 1953) (new synonym). Lamprima schreibersi Hope in Westwood, 1845, is an unnecessary nomen novum for L. aenea redescribed by Schreibers in 1802 from the same material as Fabricius, and therefore an objective synonym of L. aenea. Lamprima puncticollis Dejean, 1833, L. coerulea Hope in Westwood, 1845, and L. insularis Hope in Westwood, 1845, are nomina nuda, the last two names first made available by Boileau in 1913. The five Lamprima species are redescribed and recommendations made for their conservation. Type specimens of the species of Lamprima described by William Sharpe MacLeay and William John Macleay are illustrated for the first time. Lectotypes are designated for Lamprima insularis, L. latreillii, L. latreillii sericea, and L. mandibularis.
Dynamics of Three-Dimensional Turbulent Wall Plumes and Implications for Estimates of Submarine Glacier Melting
Authors: Ezhova Ekaterina , Cenedese Claudia , Brandt Luca 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSubglacial discharges have been observed to generate buoyant plumes along the ice face of Greenland tidewater glaciers. These plumes have been traditionally modeled using classical plume theory, and their characteristic parameters (e.g., velocity) are employed in the widely used three-equation melt parameterization. However, the applicability of plume theory for three-dimensional turbulent wall plumes is questionable because of the complex near-wall plume dynamics. In this study, corrections to the classical plume theory are introduced to account for the presence of a wall. In particular, the drag and entrainment coefficients are quantified for a three-dimensional turbulent wall plume using data from direct numerical simulations. The drag coefficient is found to be an order of magnitude larger than that for a boundary layer flow over a flat plate at a similar Reynolds number. This result suggests a significant increase in the melting estimates by the current parameterization. However, the volume flux in a wall plume is found to be one-half that of a conical plume that has 2 times the buoyancy flux. This finding suggests that the total entrainment (per unit area) of ambient water is the same and that the plume scalar characteristics (i.e., temperature and salinity) can be predicted reasonably well using classical plume theory.
Assimilation of All-Sky Infrared Radiances from Himawari-8 and Impacts of Moisture and Hydrometer Initialization on Convection-Permitting Tropical Cyclone Prediction
Authors: Minamide Masashi , Zhang Fuqing 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This study explores the impacts of assimilating all-sky infrared satellite radiances from Himawari-8, a new-generation geostationary satellite that shares similar remote sensing technology with the U.S. geostationary satellite GOES-16, for convection-permitting initialization and prediction of tropical cyclones with an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF). This case studies the rapid intensification stages of Supertyphoon Soudelor (2015), one of the most intense tropical cyclones ever observed by Himawari-8. It is found that hourly cycling assimilation of the infrared radiance improves not only the estimate of the initial intensity, but also the spatial distribution of essential convective activity associated with the incipient tropical cyclone vortex. Deterministic convection-permitting forecasts initialized from the EnKF analyses are capable of simulating the early development of Soudelor, which demonstrates encouraging prospects for future improvement in tropical cyclone prediction through assimilating all-sky radiances from geostationary satellites such as Himawari-8 and GOES-16. A series of forecast sensitivity experiments are designed to systematically explore the impacts of moisture updates in the data assimilation cycles on the development and prediction of Soudelor. It is found that the assimilation of the brightness temperatures contributes not only to better constraining moist convection within the inner-core region, but also to developing a more resilient initial vortex, both of which are necessary to properly capture the rapid intensification process of tropical cyclones.
Time spent being malnourished during the first five years of life! An unseen aspect of child malnutrition
Authors: Pandey Pavan , Jain Sneha , Parihar Ashish , Sharma Arushi 
Published: July 2018

The burden of malnutrition is often estimated in terms of ‘prevalence’ without considering two important contributing factors: incidence and duration. To illustrate this, we conducted a community-based retrospective cohort study involving 24,278 children enrolled in an integrated child development scheme in India. Anthropometric data of study participants from birth to five years of age were collected from the growth charts maintained by Anganwadi workers. Of all the growth charts reviewed, 1460 (6.0%) children died before their fifth birthday and 4013 (16.5%) were excluded after initial screening because either the growth chart was incomplete (4.8%) or had missing entries (11.7%). Of the remaining 20,265 children included in the study, in the first five years of their life, 35.6% suffered from exclusive moderate malnourishment and 9.4% from severe malnourishment. The most common age groups for the onset of moderate and severe malnutrition were 9–11 months and 12–15 months, respectively. The mode, median and mean duration of time spent by children being severely underweight was 3, 7 and 8.4 months respectively, and being moderately underweight was 8, 11 and 15.1 months, respectively. Thus, a comprehensive strategy for preventing the onset of malnutrition (both moderate and severe) among children is urgently needed.
Assessing the effectiveness of nutrition interventions implemented among US college students to promote healthy behaviors: A systematic review
Authors: Brace Andrea M , De Andrade Fernanda CD , Finkelstein Bobbi 
Published: July 2018

Background: Nutrition interventions are used to increase knowledge, change attitudes and beliefs about healthy eating, to increase skills, and promote healthy eating. Aims: To review the effectiveness of published nutrition interventions implemented among college students to promote healthy behaviors. Methods: The authors explored multiple electronic databases, such as ERIC, Science Direct, and EBSCOhost. Search criteria included nutritional interventions implemented among students attending US colleges, written in English, and published in peer-reviewed journals between 2000 and 2015. The authors conducted a systematic search of 1413 articles, and an in-depth review of 30 articles. The authors evaluated the following: (a) participants; (b) research design; (c) assessment instruments; (d) outcome measures; (e) results; and (f) methodological issues. Results: Short-term interventions showed promise in promoting positive dietary changes, which can serve as a protective factor for developing overweight and obesity. Methodological issues related to lack of comparison groups and minimal long-term follow-up do not allow researchers to determine if the interventions were the cause of the change, or if these changes are sustained over time. Studies that have a comparison group, use visual displays, or have longer durations, may maximize outcomes, improving long-term effects. Conclusions: Nutrition interventions can effectively change dietary habits among college students. This can lead to healthy weight management and reduce the risk for overweight and obesity. Future research should consider the highlighted methodological issues to improve the quality of nutrition interventions.
Impact of education and training course for ECMO patients based on high-fidelity simulation: a pilot study dedicated to ICU nurses
Authors: Fouilloux Virginie , Gran Célia , Guervilly Christophe , Breaud Jean , El Louali Fedoua , Rostini Pierre 
Published: July 2018

Introduction: Medical and para-medical education is one of the key points of healthcare strategy. Training and education based on high-fidelity simulation is one of the gold standards in modern healthcare institutions. We describe a model of training dedicated to ICU nurses in charge of patients with ECMO. The aim of our educational tool was to teach ICU nurses ECMO basic knowledge and skills. Methods: An ECMO Specialist Course Committee implemented the training programme. It was on two consecutive days and consisted of theoretical, practical and high-fidelity, simulation-based teaching. A content expert implemented each scenario and learning objectives were defined. Participants were assessed pre- and post-test (Group 1 and Group 2). Results: In two years, seven sessions took place and 40 volunteers were enrolled. High-fidelity, simulation-based teaching consisted of seven scenarios. There was a significant improvement in mean score between pre- and post-test. Moreover, we noticed that the basic level (pre-test) of participants was improving over the time. The mean pre-test scores of Group 2 were significantly higher than Group1. Conclusion: The implementation of education and training course for ICU nurses in charge of patients on ECMO is feasible and reliable. It improves nurse personal levels, but also shares in improving the global level of the team to which they belong.
Treatment of varicose veins, international consensus on which major complications to discuss with the patient: A Delphi study
Authors: de Mik Sylvana ML , Stubenrouch Fabienne E , Legemate Dink A , Balm Ron , Ubbink Dirk T 
Published: July 2018

Objective To reach consensus on which complications of varicose vein treatments physicians consider major or minor, in order to standardize the informed consent procedure and improve shared decision-making. Methods Using the e-Delphi method, expert physicians from 10 countries were asked to rate complications as “major” or “minor” on a 5-point Likert scale. Reference articles from a Cochrane review on varicose veins were used to compose the list of complications. Results Participating experts reached consensus on 12 major complications: allergic reaction, cellulitis requiring intravenous antibiotics/intensive care, wound infection requiring debridement, hemorrhage requiring blood transfusion/surgical intervention, pulmonary embolism, skin necrosis requiring surgery, arteriovenous fistula requiring repair, deep venous thrombosis, lymphocele, thermal injury, transient ischemic attack/stroke, and permanent discoloration. Conclusion An international consensus was reached about what physicians consider to be major complications of varicose vein treatments. This consensus may assist in standardizing the information physicians discuss with patients prior to varicose vein treatment.