bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A high-resolution probabilistic in vivo atlas of human subcortical brain nuclei
Authors: Pauli Wolfgang M. , Nili Amanda N. , Tyszka J. Michael 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRecent advances in magnetic resonance imaging methods, including data acquisition, pre-processing and analysis, have benefited research on the contributions of subcortical brain nuclei to human cognition and behavior. At the same time, these developments have led to an increasing need for a high-resolution probabilisticin vivoanatomical atlas of subcortical nuclei. In order to address this need, we constructed high spatial resolution, three-dimensional templates, using high-accuracy diffeomorphic registration ofT1- andT2- weighted structural images from 168 typical adults between 22 and 35 years old. In these templates, many tissue boundaries are clearly visible, which would otherwise be impossible to delineate in data from individual studies. The resulting delineations of subcortical nuclei complement current histology-based atlases. We further created a companion library of software tools for atlas development, to offer an open and evolving resource for the creation of a crowd-sourcedin vivoprobabilistic anatomical atlas of the human brain.
Design of optimised logic interface for network‐on‐chip architectures
Authors: Sakthivel E. , Arunraja M. , Uma K.D. , Shanthi T. , Muthukrishnan A. 
Published: April 2018

Achievement of low power consumption in the field of network‐on‐chip (NoC) is a prominent research in recent days. Many works have attempted to improve performance in NoC using architectural and algorithmic models. The researches attempted to mitigate certain factors like power consumption, speed, complexity, scalability, and flexibility. Currently, NoC engineers incorporated external or internal sense amplifier (SA) in the architectural model of NoC. In the conventional double‐tail SAs (DTSAs), more amount of energy is consumed in the heavy traffic state. Hence, many improved DTSAs like reconfigurable DTSA (R‐DTSA), variable energy aware SA link for asynchronous NoC (VELAN) DTSA (V‐DTSA) were proposed in the previous works and employed with the transceivers. They were evaluated on TSMC 90 nm technology with the real‐time data traffics which are obtained using traffic estimators and traffic generators. An optimised logic interface for transceivers of NoC which is superior to the conventional DTSA, R‐DTSA, and V‐DTSA is developed. The proposed design is implemented with transceivers and evaluated on TSMC 90 nm technology for comparing the performance with the previous SAs.
Wideband low‐profile CPW‐fed slot‐loop antenna using an artificial magnetic conductor
Authors: Li Xin , Jiao Yong‐Chang , Zhang Li 
Published: April 2018

A wideband low‐profile slot‐loop antenna is proposed based on an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) reflector which is applied to a slot‐loop antenna to obtain directional radiation patterns. Compared with an antenna using a metal reflector, the AMC reflector can reduce the profile of the antenna and enhance operating bandwidth. The AMC consists of 4 × 6 patches with ring slots and slits. A coplanar waveguide is introduced to the proposed slot‐loop antenna so that the antenna can directly attach to the AMC surface. Thus, a low profile of 0.05λL is realised (λL is the wavelength at the lowest operating frequency). Simulation and experimental results indicate that the proposed antenna obtained a 37.9% impedance bandwidth, a 36.7% 3‐dB gain bandwidth, and a 6.85 dBi peak gain.
0.5–4.4 Gbit/s PAM4/NRZ dual‐mode transceiver with 0.6 V near‐ground NMOS driver for low‐power memory interface
Authors: Min K. , Oh T. 
Published: April 2018

An efficient dual‐mode input and output transceiver scheme is proposed. The transceiver can achieve the data speed from 0.5 up to 4.4 Gbit/s with 0.6 V supply voltage and can support the near‐ground mode for low‐power memory interface application. The transceiver can transmit both PAM4/NRZ signals flexibly depending on the channel loss conditions. The prototype bi‐directional two‐channel transceiver is implemented in 45 nm CMOS process and occupies 0.0516 mm2 chip area. The IP shows power consumption of 2.24/2.78 mW during 4.4 Gbit/s PAM4/NRZ mode operation, each, respectively.
Rauchverhalten bei Patienten und Beschäftigten einer psychiatrischen Klinik: zwei unabhängige Stichtagserhebungen im Abstand von 8 Jahren
Authors: Grempler Julia , Steinert Tilman , Schmid Petra 
Published: April 2018

Zusammenfassung
Anliegen Ziel der Studie war, die Prävalenz und das Rauchverhalten vor und nach der Einführung von Maßnahmen zum Nichtraucherschutz und Angeboten zur Tabakentwöhnung zu untersuchen.
Methode In 2 unabhängigen Stichtagsuntersuchungen (2007/2015) wurden Patienten und Beschäftigte einer psychiatrischen Klinik befragt.
Ergebnisse Der Raucheranteil war zu beiden Zeitpunkten bei den Patienten mit 59 % und 57 % sehr hoch. Bei den Beschäftigten lag er bei 35 % und 33 %. Patienten waren schwerer nikotinabhängig als Beschäftigte. Von allen Rauchern wollten bis zu 57 % das Rauchen aufgeben.
Schlussfolgerungen Die hohe Prävalenz des Rauchens und die starke Nikotinabhängigkeit wurden in beiden Stichproben beobachtet. Zur Senkung dieser sind konsequentere Maßnahmen in psychiatrischen Kliniken sowie gesamtgesellschaftlich notwendig.
Wer profitiert von einer Behandlung im Maßregelvollzug? Ergebnisse einer bayernweiten Katamnesestudie für den Bezirk Schwaben
Authors: Dudeck Manuela , Franke Irina , Bezzel Adelheid , Otte Stefanie , Ormanns Norbert , Nigel Stefanie , Segmiller Felix , Streb Judith 
Published: April 2018

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Evaluation der Maßregelbehandlung von 2010 – 2014 im Bezirk Schwaben.
Methodik Befragung von 130 Patienten direkt nach Entlassung und ein Jahr später zu sozialer Reintegration, Substanzkonsum und Delinquenz.
Ergebnisse Suchtpatienten waren ein Jahr nach Entlassung zu 67 % in Arbeit, zu 57 % abstinent und zu 83 % straffrei. Patienten, die nach § 63 untergebracht waren, waren zu 57 % berentet, zu 14 % in arbeitstherapeutischen Maßnahmen und zu 100 % straffrei.
Schlussfolgerung Maßregelbehandlung leistet einen Beitrag zu Rehabilitation und Risikominimierung psychisch kranker Straftäter.
Interstitial Transpedal MR-Lymphangiography of Central Lymphatics Using a Standard MR Contrast Agent: Feasibility and Initial Results in Patients with Chylous Effusions
Authors: Pieper Claus , Schild Hans 
Published: April 2018

Purpose To describe a novel technique for transpedal magnetic resonance lymphangiography (tMRL) with interstitial injection of a standard gadolinium-based contrast agent, and to assess its ability to visualize the central lymphatic system (CLS) in patients with chylous effusions.
Materials and Methods Experiences with tMRL were retrospectively reviewed in seven patients with chylous effusions. High-resolution three-dimensional multi-echo (mDIXON) images of the entire torso were obtained before and after interstitial injection of an extracellular gadolinium-based contrast agent. MR examinations were assessed qualitatively by two radiologists with respect to visualization of central lymphatics, delineation of their anatomy and presence of a lymphatic pathology (chylolymphatic leakage or reflux).
Results Examination was technically successful in 6/7 patients. tMRL confirmed the location of chylolymphatic leakage in 3/7, demonstrated a lymphatic malformation in 1/7, chylolymphatic reflux in 1/7, and confirmed normal chylolymphatic flow in the central lymphatics in 1/7 patients. In one patient neither CLS enhancement nor leakage were detectable. tMRL findings were considered helpful in all technically successful cases, and considerably influenced further treatment in four patients. All examinations were well tolerated without complications. No general anesthesia or conscious sedation was necessary.
Conclusion Transpedal MR-lymphangiography with interstitial injection of a standard extracellular gadolinium-based contrast agent is feasible in clinical routine without general anesthesia and allows for assessment of pathologic conditions of central lymphatics.
Key Points
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Current Technique and Application of Percutaneous Cryotherapy
Authors: Mahnken Andreas , König Alexander , Figiel Jens 
Published: April 2018

Purpose Local ablative therapies have become an established treatment option in interventional oncology. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and microwave ablation (MWA) are a standard of care in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Currently, there is an increasing interest in cryotherapy, one of the oldest ablation techniques. It has some unique characteristics with regard to technology and mechanism of action.
Materials and Methods A systematic literature search using the terms cryotherapy, cryosurgery and cryoablation was performed. Selected studies are presented dealing with the mechanism of action, cryobiology and clinical use of percutaneous, image-guided cryoablation. Recent developments and perspectives are presented.
Results Cryotherapy is increasingly used and has been included in guidelines for selected tumor entities such as renal cell carcinoma. Cryo-immunotherapy and combination treatments are future areas of interest.
Conclusion Cryoabalation may be used in many indications. Its major advantages are its unique visualization and the anesthesiologic effects of cold. While there are only a few prospectively randomized trials, the existing data on the use of cryoablation is promising. Its use appears to be justified in selected tumors, oligometastatic patients and for palliative indications.
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The Use of Bioactive Glass S53P4 as Bone Graft Substitute in the Treatment of Chronic Osteomyelitis and Infected Non-Unions – a Retrospective Study of 50 Patients
Authors: Malat Tarek Al , Glombitza Martin , Dahmen Janosch , Hax Peter-Michael , Steinhausen Eva 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Background Treatment of chronic osteomyelitis (COM) remains challenging and often results in large bone defects. Dead space management and proper defect filling are essential for successful treatment. Bioactive glass S53P4 (BAG-S53P4) is an anorganic bone graft substitute with antibacterial, osteoconductive, osteostimulative and angiogenic properties. The aim of our study was to analyse the outcome of patients with COM and infected non-unions, whose bone defects were filled with BAG-S53P4.
Material and Methods In this retrospective study (07/13 – 02/16), we analysed all patients with COM and infected non-unions, who obtained BAG-S53P4 after surgical debridement to fill their bone defects. Epidemiological data, pre-, peri- and postoperative characteristics were evaluated. The primary endpoint was the successful control of infection during the follow-up period. Secondary endpoints were the absence of BAG-S53P4-related complications, the time period to full weight bearing as well as to radiologically detectable incorporation of BAG. X-ray examinations were routinely performed 1 month, 3 – 4 months, 6 months and 12 months postoperatively.
Results 50 patients were analysed. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common pathogen involved. On average, 11.1 ± 6.7 cm3 BAG-S53P4 were implanted. Mean follow-up was at 12.3 months. After 6 months, 26/37 (70.3%) and after 12 months, 35/42 (83.3%) of the filled bone defects were healed. X-ray examinations showed a thickened neo-cortex. 40 patients (80%) have achieved full weight bearing after a mean of 4 months. There were no complications at all in 76% of patients. Seven patients suffered reinfection. BAG-associated complications were not seen.
Conclusions The use of BAG-S53P4 in patients with COM and infected non-unions is promising. Adequate debridement and proper defect filling are necessary. BAG is well tolerated. X-ray examinations showed a thickened neo-cortex. The antibacterial effect is not mediated by antibiotics and is advantageous in times of evolving antibiotic resistance. High quality studies with a longer follow-up are required.Trial registration: TRN DRKS00011679
Perioperatives Management von Patienten mit gerinnungshemmenden Medikamenten in der Wirbelsäulenchirurgie
Authors: Gerlach Rüdiger , Lapp Harald 
Published: April 2018

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Eine zunehmende Zahl von Patienten wird wegen degenerativer Erkrankungen der Wirbelsäule operativ behandelt. Der Einsatz gerinnungshemmender Medikamente nimmt zu. Beide Tatsachen bedingen, dass Patienten mit notwendigen Operationen an der Wirbelsäule und gerinnungshemmender Therapie Wirbelsäulenchirurgen vor Schwierigkeiten bei der Entscheidung über die perioperative Fortsetzung der Medikation, bzw. die Notwendigkeit einer Umstellung stellen.
Material und Methoden Indikationen der Thrombozytenfunktionshemmung und oralen Antikoagulation, das perioperative Management von Patienten sowie die Praxis der medikamentösen Prophylaxe thromboembolischer Ereignisse bei wirbelsäulenchirurgischen Patienten werden auf der Basis einer aktuellen Literaturrecherche erörtert.
Ergebnisse Im Allgemeinen ist die Datenlage relativ schwach und die Empfehlungen für die Wirbelsäulenchirurgie sind z. T. aus anderen Fachgebieten abgeleitet oder beruhen auf Erfahrungswissen. Für ASS als Monotherapie zur Sekundärprophylaxe existieren Daten, dass die kontinuierliche perioperative Fortsetzung ohne wesentlich erhöhtes Blutungsrisiko möglich ist. Das bisherige perioperative Bridging bei Patienten mit Vorhofflimmern (VHF) oder Zustand nach venösen thromboembolischen Ereignissen sollte nur bei Patienten mit hohem Risiko erfolgen. Bei Patienten mit mittlerem und niedrigem Risiko sollte nur eine übliche Thrombembolieprophylaxe erfolgen.
Schlussfolgerungen Patienten mit gerinnungshemmenden Medikamenten sind Risikopatienten; zum einen wegen der Komorbidität, die eine Gerinnungshemmung erforderlich macht und zum anderen wegen der Notwendigkeit des perioperativen Managements. Die standardisierte Gerinnungsanamnese hilft Blutungskomplikationen zu vermeiden und Patienten mit gerinnungshemmenden Medikamenten zu identifizieren. Spontane Blutungen bei medikamentöser Gerinnungshemmung und perioperative Blutungskomplikationen bei wirbelsäulenchirurgischen Patienten sind mit einer hohen Morbidität und unter Umständen Mortalität assoziiert. Das perioperative Management von Patienten mit pharmakologischer Gerinnungshemmung in der Wirbelsäulenchirurgie ist aufgrund der Komplexität (neue Antikoagulanzien, Co-Morbidität, Alter der Patienten) eine interdisziplinäre Aufgabe, die mit den Kardiologen, Neurologen und Gefäßmedizinern gemeinsam erfolgen sollte. Auch wenn hier Möglichkeiten im perioperativen Umgang bei Patienten mit Gerinnungshemmern aufgezeigt werden, muss die Entscheidung nach Abwägen des individuellen Risiko/Nutzenverhältnisses erfolgen.
Nuclear export of ubiquitinated proteins via the UBIN-POST system
Authors: Hirayama Shoshiro , Sugihara Munechika , Morito Daisuke , Iemura Shun-ichiro , Natsume Tohru , Murata Shigeo , Nagata Kazuhiro 
Published: April 2018

Significance
It is commonly observed that proteasome impairment results in accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins in the cytosol. Even proteins originally located in the nucleus show similar cytosolic accumulation, suggesting that unidentified machinery proactively transports them to the cytosol. Here, we report that a protein complex, UBIN–polyubiquitinated substrate transporter, harboring ubiquitin binding domain and nuclear export signal specifically mediates this process. In addition, their worm homologues showing similar transportation activity are important to maintain the lifespan of worms under natural condition. Our findings provide an answer to the long-standing question of why ubiquitinated proteins are deposited in the cytosol by proteasome impairment; they provide definite identification of underlying molecular machinery and show its essential involvement in the proteostasis in animal cells.
Deubiquitylation and stabilization of p21 by USP11 is critical for cell-cycle progression and DNA damage responses
Authors: Deng Tanggang , Yan Guobei , Song Xin , Xie Lin , Zhou Yu , Li Jianglin , Hu Xiaoxiao , Li Zhen , Hu Jun , Zhang Yibin , Zhang Hui , Sun Yang , Feng Peifu , Wei Dong , Hu Bin , Liu Jing , Tan Weihong , Ye Mao 
Published: April 2018

Significance
Previous studies have demonstrated that p21 occupies a central position in cell-cycle regulation and DNA damage responses. As an unstable protein, the regulation of p21 stability has been extensively investigated over the past 20 years. Although p21 degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway has been well characterized, it is unclear whether ubiquitylated p21 can be recycled. Here, we identify USP11 as a deubiquitylase that directly removes p21 polyubiquitylation and stabilizes p21 protein, revealing that cellular p21 protein is finely regulated by a dynamic balance of USP11-mediated stabilization and proteasome-mediated degradation. Meanwhile, we also provide evidence that the USP11-p21 axis plays a crucial role in G1/S transition under physiological conditions and in regulating the balance between cytostasis and apoptosis.
Desynchronization of slow oscillations in the basal ganglia during natural sleep
Authors: Mizrahi-Kliger Aviv D. , Kaplan Alexander , Israel Zvi , Bergman Hagai 
Published: April 2018

Significance
Slow-wave sleep is widely associated with synchronized slow oscillations recorded in the cortical mantle and elsewhere in the brain. In this study, we focused on the basal ganglia, a group of interconnected subcortical nuclei implicated in habit learning and in common neurological disorders (e.g., Parkinson’s disease). We show that unlike cortical circuits, where slow oscillation is locally synchronized, slow oscillations of firing rates within each basal ganglia nucleus are not phase-locked between adjacent neurons, and are decoupled from the local field potential. Our results establish that neuronal slow oscillations and synchrony do not always co-occur, and highlight decorrelation as a key feature of basal ganglia circuitry that persists even in the most synchronized physiological conditions.
Shared epitope–aryl hydrocarbon receptor crosstalk underlies the mechanism of gene–environment interaction in autoimmune arthritis
Authors: Fu Jiaqi , Nogueira Sarah V. , Drongelen Vincent van , Coit Patrick , Ling Song , Rosloniec Edward F. , Sawalha Amr H. , Holoshitz Joseph 
Published: April 2018

SignificanceThis study identifies a mechanistic basis for the enigmatic, long-observed interaction between the rheumatoid arthritis shared epitope (SE)—the most significant genetic risk factor in this disease—and exposure to environmental pollutants, such as cigarette smoke. Specifically, we show that the SE, acting as a signal transduction ligand, cooperates with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor-activated pathway, and together facilitate cellular events that culminate in inflammation and bone destruction in experimental autoimmune arthritis. The cross-talk between the two pathways is mediated by nuclear factor kappa B.
Muscularis macrophage development in the absence of an enteric nervous system
Authors: Avetisyan Marina , Rood Julia E. , Huerta Lopez Silvia , Sengupta Rajarshi , Wright-Jin Elizabeth , Dougherty Joseph D. , Behrens Edward M. , Heuckeroth Robert O. 
Published: April 2018

Significance
Neurons and muscularis macrophages (MM) interact closely in the adult bowel and enteric neurons modulate the inflammatory response of neighboring MM. Enteric neurons also produce the essential macrophage survival factor colony stimulating factor 1. How MM–enteric neuron interactions are established during development has not been previously investigated. Surprisingly, we find that MM colonize fetal mouse bowel before enteric neurons. Furthermore, neonatal mouse and human bowel that is missing enteric neurons contains normal numbers of well-patterned, phenotypically intact MM. These data suggest that enteric neurons are not required for bowel colonization by MM and that modulatory neuro-immune circuits of the bowel mature postnatally and may be influenced by environmental factors like intestinal microbes or diet.
Anti–HIV-1 B cell responses are dependent on B cell precursor frequency and antigen-binding affinity
Authors: Dosenovic Pia , Kara Ervin E. , Pettersson Anna-Klara , McGuire Andrew T. , Gray Matthew , Hartweger Harald , Thientosapol Eddy S. , Stamatatos Leonidas , Nussenzweig Michel C. 
Published: April 2018

SignificanceAn essential requirement for an HIV vaccine is to elicit antibodies to conserved regions of the spike protein (i.e., Env) because these antibodies can protect against infection. Although broadly neutralizing antibodies develop naturally in rare individuals after prolonged HIV infection, eliciting them by vaccination has only been possible in artificial knock-in mouse models in which the number of B cells expressing the antibody precursor is superphysiologic. To understand the relationship among precursor frequency, antigen affinity, and germinal center recruitment, we have performed adoptive transfer experiments in which fixed numbers of precursor cells are engrafted in WT mice. Our results provide a framework for an understanding of how precursor frequency and antigen affinity shape humoral immunity to HIV.
Proteomic analysis reveals different composition of extracellular vesicles released by two Trypanosoma cruzi strains associated with their distinct interaction with host cells
Authors: Ribeiro Kleber Silva , Vasconcellos Camilla Ioshida , Soares Rodrigo Pedro , Mendes Maria Tays , Ellis Cameron C. , Aguilera‐Flores Marcela , de Almeida Igor Correia , Schenkman Sergio , Iwai Leo Kei , Torrecilhas Ana Claudia 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTTrypanosoma cruzi, the aetiologic agent of Chagas disease, releases vesicles containing a wide range of surface molecules known to affect the host immunological responses and the cellular infectivity. Here, we compared the secretome of two distinct strains (Y and YuYu) of T. cruzi, which were previously shown to differentially modulate host innate and acquired immune responses. Tissue culture‐derived trypomastigotes of both strains secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs), as demonstrated by electron scanning microscopy. EVs were purified by exclusion chromatography or ultracentrifugation and quantitated using nanoparticle tracking analysis. Trypomastigotes from YuYu strain released higher number of EVs than those from Y strain, enriched with virulence factors trans‐sialidase (TS) and cruzipain. Proteomic analysis confirmed the increased abundance of proteins coded by the TS gene family, mucin‐like glycoproteins, and some typical exosomal proteins in the YuYu strain, which also showed considerable differences between purified EVs and vesicle‐free fraction as compared to the Y strain. To evaluate whether such differences were related to parasite infectivity, J774 macrophages and LLC‐MK2 kidney cells were preincubated with purified EVs from both strains and then infected with Y strain trypomastigotes. EVs released by YuYu strain caused a lower infection but higher intracellular proliferation in J774 macrophages than EVs from Y strain. In contrast, YuYu strain‐derived EVs caused higher infection of LLC‐MK2 cells than Y strain‐derived EVs. In conclusion, quantitative and qualitative differences in EVs and secreted proteins from different T. cruzi strains may correlate with infectivity/virulence during the host–parasite interaction.
Design Flaws: Consequences of the Coverage Gap in Food Programs for Children at Kindergarten Entry
Authors: Arteaga Irma , Heflin Colleen , Parsons Sarah 
Published: April 2018

AbstractChildren age out of the Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program at 60 months and become eligible for the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) upon kindergarten entry. During this period of time, low‐income children experience fewer food support services than at any other time. Using the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, we examine the effects of the duration of the coverage gap between WIC and NSLP on kindergarteners’ skills. Results show evidence of negative effects on reading, though not on math. Findings also suggest that, for children in full‐day kindergarten, effects on reading fade out in the spring term.