bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage with Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework Derived Materials: A Perspective
Authors: Dutta Soumen , Liu Zhiming , Han HyukSu , Indra Arindam , Song Taeseup 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe development of transition‐metal‐based materials for electrochemical energy conversion and storage has received immense interest throughout the last two decades. In this respect, zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF)‐derived materials are particularly important for accessing various morphologies, sizes, exposed facets, variations in the electronic structure, high surface area, and large numbers of available active sites. The properties of the ZIF‐derived materials can be tuned by applying different synthetic protocols, introducing a heteroatom in the ZIF structure or by accessing core‐shell or hollow structures. Many studies have described the beneficial effects of ZIF‐derived materials, but no critical review is available in the growing field of electrochemical energy conversion and storage. Herein, we have described the basic principles of material synthesis from ZIFs, their applications in electrochemical processes, difficulties with the synthesis, and their future development.
A Coordination Strategy for TixSn1–xO2 Solid Solution Nanocubes Wrapped by Reduced Graphene Oxide as a Candidate for Lithium‐Ion‐Battery Anodes
Authors: Dong Yutao , Cai Jialin , Li Yongsheng , Liu Yushan , Ding Jie , Li Dan , Zhang Jianmin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA series of TixSn1–xO2 (0≤x≤1) solid solution nanocubes wrapped by reduced graphene oxide (TixSn1–xO2/rGO, TSGC) were designed and synthesized for the application exploration as anode material in lithium ion batteries. When graphene oxide (GO) and K2TiO(C2O4)2 (PTO) were mixed in aqueous ambience, the TiO(C2O4)22− ions were not absorbed onto GO surface by the strong electrostatic repulsion force of the similarly negative‐charged surfaces. When Sn4+ ions were added to the mixture, they were easily adsorbed onto the GO surface. At the same time, Sn4+ ions were also easily coordinated by the carboxyl groups of the PTO species. After the followed hydrothermal and heat treatments, the desired 3D nanoarchitecture composites were obtained. Interestingly, in this TixSn1–xO2/rGO series, the Ti0.74Sn0.26O2/rGO sample exhibited the highest specific capacity of 514 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 even after 1000th cycles (nearly 100 % efficiency). Such promising electrochemical results are attributed to the 3D integrated structure by achieving better electrical contact between the active materials to shorten ion transport pathways, which highlights the synergistic effect from combining the TixSn1–xO2 nanocubes and rGO films. Additionally, the lithium storage mechanism of the as‐prepared TixSn1–xO2/rGO has been studied via in‐situ X‐ray diffraction (XRD) measurements for the first time.
5,12‐Diaminotetracenes: The Impact of Orbital Interactions between the Acene π System and Amino Groups on Their Electronic States
Authors: Uebe Masashi , Kawashima Kenji , Ito Akihiro 
Published: October 2018

Abstract5,12‐Diamino‐substituted tetracenes with various N‐substituents have been prepared, and their molecular structural changes upon oxidation have been evaluated in association with their electronic structures. The N‐substituents influence both the electronic and molecular structures of the oxidized species of 5,12‐diaminotetracenes. The tetracene moiety of 5,12‐bis(N,N‐dianisylamino)tetracene retained its planarity during the course of two successive one‐electron oxidations, whereas 5,12‐bis(N,N‐dimethylamino)tetracene and 5,12‐bis(N‐anisyl‐N‐methylamino)tetracene underwent substantial structural changes into butterfly like structures through a simultaneous two‐electron oxidation process. The molecular structures in the oxidized states were closely related to the nature of the highest occupied orbitals, which were characterized by the extent of mixing between the fragment orbitals for the teracene moiety and the substituted amino groups in 5,12‐diaminotetracenes. As a consequence, the present work revealed that the extent of folding deformation of the acene moiety in the oxidized diaminoacenes could be fine‐tuned by varying the N‐substituents.
Anomalous Stoichiometry and Antiferromagnetic Ordering for the Extended Hydroxymanganese(II) Cubes/Hexacyanometalate‐Based 3D‐Structured [MnII4(OH)4][MnII(CN)6](OH2)6⋅H2O
Authors: Lapidus Saul H. , Stephens Peter W. , Kareis Christopher M. , VanNatta Peter E. , Miller Joel S. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe reaction of MnII(O2CMe)2and NaCN or LiCN in water forms a light green insoluble material. Structural solution and Rietveld refinement of high‐resolution synchrotron powder diffraction data for this unprecedented, complicated compound of previously unknown composition revealed a new alkali‐free ordered structural motif with [MnII4(μ3‐OH)4]4+cubes and octahedral [MnII(CN)6]4−ions interconnected in 3D by MnII‐N≡C‐MnIIlinkages. The composition is {[MnII(OH2)3][MnII(OH2)]3}(μ3‐OH)4][MnII(μ‐CN)2(CN)4]⋅H2O=[MnII4(μ3‐OH)4(OH2)6][MnII(μ‐CN)2(CN)4]⋅H2O, which is further simplified to [Mn4(OH)4][Mn(CN)6](OH2)7(1).1has four high‐spin (S=5/2) MnIIsites that are antiferromagnetically coupled within the cube and are antiferromagnetically coupled to six low‐spin (S=1/2) octahedral [MnII(CN)6]4−ions. Above 40 K the magnetic susceptibility,χ(T), can be fitted to the Curie–Weiss expression,χ∝(T−θ)−1, withθ=−13.4 K, indicative of significant antiferromagnetic coupling and1orders as an antiferromagnet atTc=7.8 K.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Phthalides and Isochromanones via Heck–Matsuda Arylation of Dihydrofurans
Authors: Kattela Shivashankar , de Lucca Emilio C. , Correia Carlos Roque D. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this communication, the enantioselective synthesis of phthalides and isochromanones is described through a new palladium‐catalyzed Heck–Matsuda arylation/NaBH4‐reduction/lactonization sequence of 2,3‐ and 2,5‐dihydrofurans in good overall yields and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 98:2 er). This expeditious synthesis of chiral Heck lactol intermediates allowed the diversification of the strategy to obtain medicinally relevant chiral lactones, amines, and olefins. The natural product 3‐butylphthalide was obtained in three steps with an overall yield of 33 % yield in 98:2 er.
pH/Redox‐Triggered Photothermal Treatment for Cancer Therapy Based on a Dual‐Responsive Cationic Polymer Dot
Authors: Mazrad Zihnil Adha Islamy , Phuong Pham Thi My , Choi Cheong A. , In Insik , Lee Kang Dae , Park Sung Young 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn the present study, a pH/redox‐responsive cationic polymer dot (CD) was successfully prepared for a near‐infrared (NIR)‐mediated, simultaneously controllable photothermal temperature guided imaging off/on system to monitor therapeutic delivery. Carbonized disulfide cross‐linked branched polyethyleneimine (bPEI) was conjugated with folic acid (FA) as a targeting moiety and partially formed an ionic complex with anionic indocyanine green (ICG) to afford a bPEI‐based CD (ICG‐CD). This was responsive to mild reductive (glutathione, GSH) and acidic tumor conditions, which enabled the simultaneous biodegradation of those hydrophobic and complex sites. The ICG‐CD internalized readily into the cytoplasm of cancer cells by a FA receptor and cationic‐mediated endocytosis in the off state, whereas if ICG‐CD met intracellular GSH at high concentrations, GSH contributed partially to the recovery of fluorescence and was then internalized into acidic endosomes to induce complete restoration of fluorescence. This tumor‐sensitive degradability of the CD not only facilitated ICG release in the tumor location but also allowed controllable photothermal therapy effects of nanoparticles under NIR irradiation, which resulted in improved cancer therapy. Taken together, the results indicate great potential in tumor targeting, intracellular imaging, and controllable therapeutic delivery through a fluorescence off/on assay under the pH/redox conditions of cancer cells.
Respiratory emergency department use from diagnosis through survivorship in children, adolescents, and young adults with cancer
Authors: Ramsay Joemy M. , Ou Judy Y. , Fluchel Mark N. , Kirchhoff Anne C. 
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUNDChildren and adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer often experience severe respiratory morbidity and mortality from the therapies used to treat their cancers. Few studies have examined respiratory outcomes among this population using emergency department (ED) visits as an objective measure of respiratory health.METHODSED visits for respiratory conditions were identified for children and AYAs diagnosed with cancer, 0‐25 years of age, from 1997 through 2012 (2535 cases) and compared with a birthdate‐matched and sex‐matched cohort without cancer drawn from the general population (7605 controls). Negative binomial regression with robust standard errors was used to estimate incidence rates, rate ratios (RRs), and 95% confidence intervals for primary respiratory ED visits, combined and by diagnosis (asthma, respiratory disease, and respiratory infection) from 1997 through 2015. Analyses were performed for new cases (0 to <5 years from diagnosis) and survivors (5‐18 years from diagnosis).RESULTSSubjects were followed for an average of 8 years (range, 0‐18 years). Relative to the comparison cohort, cancer cases had higher incidence rates for all types of respiratory ED visits over both follow‐up times. New cases had significantly higher RRs for any respiratory condition (RR, 4.14), respiratory disease (RR, 4.62), and respiratory infection (RR, 4.74). Among survivors, the RRs for any respiratory condition (RR, 2.00) and respiratory infection (RR, 2.10) were significantly elevated, although the magnitude tended to decline in survivorship. Demographic and clinical risk factors found to be associated with respiratory ED visits included Hispanic/other race/ethnicity, male sex, exposure to chemotherapy, diagnosis at a younger age, and a diagnosis of leukemia.CONCLUSIONSThe results of the current study demonstrated that children and AYAs with cancer face an increased burden of respiratory complications compared with a comparison cohort without cancer from diagnosis through survivorship.
Klinefelter syndrome in males with germ cell tumors: A report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Williams Lindsay A. , Pankratz Nathan , Lane John , Krailo Mark , Roesler Michelle , Richardson Michaela , Frazier A. Lindsay , Amatruda James F. , Poynter Jenny N. 
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUNDMales with Klinefelter syndrome (KS) (47,XXY) may be more likely to develop germ cell tumors (GCTs), particularly mediastinal GCTs. To date, there are no reports characterizing the prevalence of KS among male GCT cases.METHODSThe authors used array genotyping data from a Children’s Oncology Group epidemiology study to estimate the prevalence of KS in males with GCTs (433 males aged birth‐19 years). Using Fisher’s exact tests, the authors examined differences in age at diagnosis, race/ethnicity, tumor location and histology, and several birth characteristics between cases of KS‐GCT and GCT cases without chromosomal abnormalities. Using publicly available data, the authors estimated the 1‐year risk, risk ratio, and corresponding 95% confidence interval of GCTs among KS cases.RESULTSBased on analysis of array genotyping data, 3% of male GCT cases (13 cases) had KS. The additional X chromosome was of maternal origin in 7 of the 13 cases. Of these 13 KS cases, 5 of 9 KS‐GCT cases with parental questionnaire data (56%) reported a diagnosis of KS. No significant differences were observed with regard to patient or birth characteristics between KS‐GCT and non–KS‐GCT cases. KS‐GCT cases were significantly more likely to be diagnosed with mediastinal tumors than non–KS‐GCT cases (P<.01). The authors estimated the risk of developing a GCT among males with KS to be 0.00025, or 1 per 4000 males (risk ratio, 18.8; 95% confidence interval, 11.7‐30.0).CONCLUSIONSCompared with males without chromosomal abnormalities, males with KS are more likely to be diagnosed with a mediastinal GCT. The presence of KS should be considered in males with a diagnosis of mediastinal GCT. In the current study, the authors report that approximately one‐third of males with mediastinal germ cell tumors have Klinefelter syndrome, and therefore screening of these individuals for the syndrome may be warranted. Males with Klinefelter syndrome are 19 times as likely as males without Klinefelter syndrome to develop germ cell tumors.
Association between treatment of superficial bladder cancer and 10‐year mortality in older adults with multiple chronic conditions
Authors: Garg Tullika , Young Amanda J. , O’Keeffe‐Rosetti Maureen , McMullen Carmit K. , Nielsen Matthew E. , Kirchner H. Lester , Murphy Terrence E. 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundMultiple chronic conditions (MCC) are common among older patients with cancer; however, the exclusion of these patients from clinical trials has resulted in scarce knowledge concerning outcomes, resulting in variations in treatment. Superficial bladder cancer (SBC) disproportionately affects older adults, yet to the authors’ knowledge few studies to date have examined whether treatment improves long‐term survival. In the current study, the authors evaluated the association between treatment of SBC and 10‐year mortality in medically complex older adults.MethodsThe authors identified 1800 older (aged ≥60 years) patients with SBC (American Joint Committee on Cancer stage ≤I) from 2 community‐based health systems who received treatment (bladder instillation and/or transurethral resection) or observation. Cox proportional hazards regression was performed adjusting for age, sex, race, health system, stage of disease/grade, and MCC (≥2 baseline chronic conditions). Propensity score analysis using stabilized inverse probability of treatment weights was used to compare 10‐year mortality in the 2 treatment groups with adjustment for covariates.ResultsOverall, 1485 patients (82.5%) and 315 patients (17.5%) received treatment and observation, respectively. In unweighted multivariable analysis, treatment was associated with a 30% reduction in death (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.70; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.58‐0.85 [P<.01]) and MCC with a 72% increase in death (adjusted HR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.44‐2.05 [P<.01]). Weighted analysis with adjustment (doubly robust) also demonstrated a survival benefit for treatment (adjusted HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.52‐0.84 [P<.01]).ConclusionsThe results of the current study demonstrated a clinically meaningful association between cancer treatment and survival benefit in older, medically complex patients with SBC, even after adjustment for medical complexity. These data provide a foundation for future work aimed at personalizing the treatment guidance of older patients with cancer with MCC.
Changes in cardiovascular disease risk and risk factors among women with and without breast cancer
Authors: Anderson Chelsea , Nichols Hazel B. , Deal Allison M. , Park Yong‐Moon Mark , Sandler Dale P. 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundCardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is an important health concern among survivors of breast cancer. However, few studies to date have examined whether trajectories of CVD risk and major risk factors are worse among women with a breast cancer diagnosis compared with those without.MethodsChanges in weight, body mass index, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, and 10‐year CVD risk were compared between women with (813 women) and without (1049 women) an incident breast cancer diagnosis while they were enrolled in the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Sister Study cohort. Blood pressure and adiposity measures were collected by trained examiners at an enrollment visit (≥1 year before breast cancer diagnosis) and a second home visit 4 to 11 years later (≥1 year after breast cancer diagnosis). The non–laboratory‐based Framingham risk score, a measure of 10‐year general CVD risk, was calculated at both the enrollment and second visits. All analyses were stratified by menopausal status at the time of enrollment.ResultsWomen who were premenopausal at the time of enrollment experienced moderate increases in weight, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, and CVD risk over the study period. Those who were postmenopausal at the time of enrollment demonstrated little change in weight, but were found to have increases in waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, and CVD risk. In both groups, changes over time did not differ significantly according to breast cancer status. Neither chemotherapy nor endocrine therapy were found to be associated with greater increases in CVD risk or risk factors.ConclusionsIn the current study cohort, changes over time in CVD risk, adiposity measures, and blood pressure were similar between women who developed an incident breast cancer and those who did not.
Validating the predictors of outcomes after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer
Authors: Woldu Solomon L. , Sanli Oner , Clinton Timothy N. , Lotan Yair 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundAn assessment of surgical risk is essential for patient counseling and decision making, and it can provide rationale adjustment for patient populations as health care moves from a fee‐for‐service to a value‐based reimbursement model. The modified Frailty Index (mFI) has been proposed as a risk‐stratification tool for radical cystectomy (RC), and the objective of the current study was to validate this potential use of the mFI using an institutional cohort.MethodsA retrospective review of all patients who underwent RC for bladder cancer was conducted at the authors’ institution from 2012 to 2016. In addition to detailed clinicopathologic and treatment parameters, patients were categorized according to the mFI, the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), and the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification. Covariates were analyzed to determine associations with 1‐month complication rates (according to the Clavien‐Dindo system), 3‐month readmission rates, hospitalization length, and hospitalization costs.ResultsIn total, 346 patients were included in the analysis. The overall complication rate was 56.6%, the major (Clavien grade ≥3) complication rate was 19.4%, and the readmission rate was 27.9%. Receiver operating curve analysis demonstrated a weak association of all indices with major complications after RC: the area under the curve was 0.535 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.460‐0.611) for the ASA classification; 0.565 (95% CI, 0.485‐0.645) for the CCI score; and 0.551 (95% CI, 0.471‐0.631) for the mFI. There were no significant differences in the rate of major complications when stratifying the results according to the mFI, CCI, or ASA class. Length of hospitalization and associated costs were correlated with mFI.ConclusionsFrailty was not associated with postoperative complications and provided little additional predictive ability over the ASA classification and the CCI score. Further research is required to identify patients who are likely to suffer significant complications after RC.
FNA of epithelioid sarcoma: Curie Institute experience and critical review of the literature
Authors: Gajdzis Paweł , Laé Marick , Klijanienko Jerzy 
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUNDEpithelioid sarcoma (ES) is a rare mesenchymal tumor that is divided into 2 types: classic and proximal. To the authors’ knowledge, ES has been poorly studied in cytology, with fewer than 50 cases reported to date. The objective of the current study was to analyze the cytological and immunohistochemical information regarding 5 cases of ES.METHODSFive cases of ES were analyzed: 4 of proximal type and 1 of classic type. The cases were taken from 4 female patients and 1 male patient. The patients ranged in age from 10 to 75 years.RESULTSAll smears obtained from the proximal type of ES were found to be hypercellular with a necrotic and inflammatory background. Smears from classic‐type ES were hypocellular with a hemorrhagic background. Large, dispersed epithelioid cells and loosely cohesive groups of cells were most frequently noted in all cases. All cases of proximal‐type ES demonstrated rhabdoid cells and marked nuclear atypia, but in only one case were rhabdoid cells found to be dominant. ES diagnoses were confirmed by immunohistochemistry in histological material. In 4 cases, epithelial marker expression was noted, whereas CD34 was found to be positive in only the classic type of ES. In 2 cases, total loss of SMARCB1/INI1 nuclear expression was observed. In the 2 SMARCB1/INI1–positive cases, loss of SMARCA2/BRM expression was observed in one case and partial loss was observed in the other case.CONCLUSIONSThe proximal type of ES differs from the classic type by the presence of rhabdoid cells and marked nuclear atypia. A specific immunohistochemical profile demonstrating loss of SMARCB1/INI1 or other proteins from the SWI/SNF complex also may be indicative of this diagnosis.
Molecular analysis of peripheral lung adenocarcinoma in brush cytology obtained by EBUS plus fluoroscopy‐guided bronchoscopy
Authors: Sánchez‐Font Albert , Chalela Roberto , Martín‐Ontiyuelo Clara , Albero‐González Raquel , Dalmases Alba , Longarón Raquel , Alonso‐Espinaco Virginia , Curull Víctor , Bellosillo Beatriz , Pijuan Lara 
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUNDMore than 60% of patients with lung cancer are diagnosed at advanced stages. The introduction of targeted therapies requires molecular diagnosis to guide treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of performing mutational analysis with brushing specimens obtained by radial‐miniprobe endobronchial ultrasound (R‐EBUS) plus fluoroscopy‐guided bronchoscopy in patients with peripheral pulmonary adenocarcinoma.METHODSBrushing specimens were deposited on cytological slides and were conserved in Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) culture medium. DNA was isolated to perform a mutational analysis with real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequencing for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS).RESULTSThirty patients with adenocarcinoma were prospectively included. In 100% of the patients, the molecular study was viable with brushing specimens. In 16 (53.3%), KRAS or EGFR mutations were detected: 10 KRAS mutations (33.3%) and 6 EGFR mutations (20%). In a comparison with histological samples, a correlation of 86.6% was detected, and only 2 patients with wild‐type results from brushing specimens presented with an EGFR mutation in histological samples.CONCLUSIONSBrushing specimens conserved in RPMI medium and obtained by R‐EBUS plus fluoroscopy‐guided bronchoscopy are valid for molecular studies. They allow the detection of EGFR/KRAS mutations in patients with peripheral adenocarcinoma. In addition, invasive techniques are avoided, the risk of complications is reduced, and the obtained samples are optimized.