bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Crustal Domains of the Alboran Basin (Western Mediterranean)
Authors: Gómez de la Peña Laura , Ranero César R. , Gràcia Eulàlia 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe Alboran Basin in the westernmost Mediterranean hosts the orogenic boundary between the Iberian and African plates. Although numerous geophysical studies of crustal structure onshore Iberia have been carried out during the last decade, the crustal structure of the Alboran Basin has comparatively been poorly studied. We analyze crustal‐scale images of a grid of new and reprocessed multichannel seismic profiles showing the tectonic structure and variations in the reflective character of the crust of the basin. The nature of the distinct domains has been ground‐truthed using available basement samples from drilling and dredging. Our results reveal four different crustal types—domains—of the Alboran Basin: (a) a thin continental crust underneath the West Alboran and Malaga basins, which transitions to (b) a magmatic arc crust in the central part of the Alboran Sea and the East Alboran Basin; (c) the North African continental crust containing the Pytheas and Habibas subbasins; and (d) the oceanic crust in the transition toward the Algero‐Balearic Basin. The Alboran Basin crust is configured in a fore‐arc basin (West Alboran and Malaga basins), a magmatic arc (central and East Alboran), and a back‐arc system in the easternmost part of the East Alboran Basin and mainly Algero‐Balearic Basin. The North African continental crust is influenced by arc‐related magmatism along its edge and was probably affected by strike‐slip tectonics during westward migration of the Miocene subduction system. The distribution of active tectonic structures in the current compressional setting generally corresponds to boundaries between domains, possibly representing inherited lithospheric‐scale weak structures.
Future Drying in Central America and Northern South America Linked With Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation
Authors: Chen Y. , Langenbrunner B. , Randerson J. T. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMany climate models from the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project predict decreases in precipitation in Central America and northern South America by the year 2100 for the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 scenario. Here we show that the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project models able to more accurately simulate warm North Atlantic sea surface temperatures (SSTs) for the present climate (strong Atlantic meridional overturning circulation models) are more likely to project a larger precipitation decrease. Drought amplification from the slowdown of Atlantic meridional overturning circulation is more significant during the wet season in the Northern Hemisphere, with an SST‐constrained model estimate yielding a 73% larger decrease in precipitation (−1.11 mm/day) than the multimodel mean (−0.64 mm/day). Since most Earth system models underestimate contemporary SSTs in the North Atlantic, the use of the multimodel mean for impact analysis likely underestimates drought stress and the vulnerability of neotropical forests to increasing drought from climate change.
Long‐Term Trends of Direct and Indirect Anthropogenic Effects on Changes in Ocean pH
Authors: Watanabe Y. W. , Li B. F. , Wakita M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAnthropogenic atmospheric CO2 uptake by the ocean is causing a global ocean pH decline, resulting in direct anthropogenic ocean acidification (Ed‐anth). However, indirect anthropogenic effects of changes in biological and physical processes in the ocean also influence ocean pH (Ei‐anth). Therefore, distinguishing between Ed‐anth and Ei‐anth is essential for predicting the progress of overall ocean acidification. We demonstrate long‐term trends of Ed‐anth and Ei‐anth in the subarctic North Pacific using a parameterization technique with an observed pH (pHobs) time series. All Ei‐anth in the ocean interior under 150 m cause a pH decrease of 0.0012 ± 0.0003 per year superimposed on an 18‐year oscillation. Subtracting the pH decrease by Ei‐anth from the pHobs trend for the same region yields a net linear pH decreasing trend of 0.0021 ± 0.0003 per year by Ed‐anth for the whole ocean, indicating that pH decreases by Ei‐anth account for ~40% of total ocean acidification.
First Observed Temporal Development of a Noctilucent Cloud Ice Void
Authors: Megner Linda , Stegman Jacek , Pautet Pierre‐Dominique , Taylor Michael J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractNoctilucent clouds are thin ice clouds that appear around the summer polar mesopause. Recently, the Cloud Imaging and Particle Size instrument on the AIM satellite discovered nearly circular ice free regions within the clouds—denoted as “ice voids.” The origin of these ice voids is not known. Their existence has so far only been reported by Cloud Imaging and Particle Size, which only can give very limited information of the time scales involved. On 4 July 2010, such an ice void was registered by our ground‐based camera taking images with 30‐s time interval. We thus here present the first full temporal development of an ice void. Surprisingly, the void did not drift with the prevailing wind as cloud features around it, but instead remained notably stationary for its entire existence of approximately 1 hr. This indicates that that the origin is of stationary character, rather than a rapid change of the local atmosphere.
Contrail Formation: Analysis of Sublimation Mechanisms
Authors: Kärcher B. , Kleine J. , Sauer D. , Voigt C. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe study losses of ice crystals in a persistent, soot‐rich contrail in the wake behind a medium‐sized aircraft at cruise. Constraining a model covering ice nucleation, growth, and sublimation phases with an aircraft data set, we track the sublimation history over 2 min of contrail age and relate ice crystal numbers to the number of soot particles emitted by the aircraft engines. We analyze the observed vertical distribution of ice numbers, estimating an exponential scale height in the range 50–100 m and wake‐averaged ice numbers (1.3–1.7) × 1015 (kg‐fuel)−1 after sublimation, removing 60% of the ice crystals that originally nucleated on emitted soot particles. We define soot emission‐ and ice supersaturation‐dependent contrail depths, affecting estimates of horizontal spreading rates of contrails. Our findings have ramifications for the representation of long‐lived contrails in global models.
Tumor evolution and chemoresistance in ovarian cancer
Authors: Kim Soochi , Han Youngjin , Kim Se Ik , Kim Hee-Seung , Kim Seong Jin , Song Yong Sang 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDevelopment of novel strategies to overcome chemoresistance is central goal in ovarian cancer research. Natural history of the cancer development and progression is being reconstructed by genomic datasets to understand the evolutionary pattern and direction. Recent studies suggest that intra-tumor heterogeneity (ITH) is the main cause of treatment failure by chemoresistance in many types of cancers including ovarian cancer. ITH increases the fitness of tumor to adapt to incompatible microenvironment. Understanding ITH in relation to the evolutionary pattern may result in the development of the innovative approach based on individual variability in the genetic, environment, and life style. Thus, we can reach the new big stage conquering the cancer. In this review, we will discuss the recent advances in understanding ovarian cancer biology through the use of next generation sequencing (NGS) and highlight areas of recent progress to improve precision medicine in ovarian cancer.
The Healthy Pregnancy Research Program: transforming pregnancy research through a ResearchKit app
Authors: Radin Jennifer M. , Steinhubl Steven R. , Su Andrew I. , Bhargava Hansa , Greenberg Benjamin , Bot Brian M. , Doerr Megan , Topol Eric J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAlthough maternal morbidity and mortality in the US is among the worst of developed countries, pregnant women have been under-represented in research studies, resulting in deficiencies in evidence-based guidance for treatment. There are over two billion smartphone users worldwide, enabling researchers to easily and cheaply conduct extremely large-scale research studies through smartphone apps, especially among pregnant women in whom app use is exceptionally high, predominantly as an information conduit. We developed the first pregnancy research app that is embedded within an existing, popular pregnancy app for self-management and education of expectant mothers. Through the large-scale and simplified collection of survey and sensor generated data via the app, we aim to improve our understanding of factors that promote a healthy pregnancy for both the mother and developing fetus. From the launch of this cohort study on 16 March 2017 through 17 December 2017, we have enrolled 2058 pregnant women from all 50 states. Our study population is diverse geographically and demographically, and fairly representative of US population averages. We have collected 14,045 individual surveys and 107,102 total daily measurements of sleep, activity, blood pressure, and heart rate during this time. On average, women stayed engaged in the study for 59 days and 45 percent who reached their due date filled out the final outcome survey. During the first 9 months, we demonstrated the potential for a smartphone-based research platform to capture an ever-expanding array of longitudinal, objective, and subjective participant-generated data from a continuously growing and diverse population of pregnant women.
An Application of Network Science to Phonological Sequence Learning in Children With Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: Benham Sara , Goffman Lisa , Schweickert Richard 
Published: August 2018

PurposeNetwork science has been a valuable tool in language research for investigating relationships between complex linguistic elements but has not yet been applied to sound sequencing in production. In the present work, we used standard error-based accuracy and articulatory kinematic approaches as well as novel measures from network science to evaluate variability and sequencing errors in speech production in children with developmental language disorder (DLD; akaspecific language impairment).MethodTwelve preschoolers with DLD and 12 age-matched controls participated in a 3-day novel word learning study. Transcription and articulatory movement data were collected to measure accuracy and variability of productions, and networks of speech productions were generated to analyze syllable co-occurrence patterns.ResultsResults indicated that children with DLD were less accurate than children with typical language at the segmental level. Crucially, these findings did not align with performance at the articulatory level, where there were no differences in movement variability between children with DLD and those with typical language. Network analyses revealed characteristics that were not captured by standard measures of phonetic accuracy, including a larger inventory of syllable forms, more connections between the forms, and less consistent production patterns.ConclusionsNetwork science provides significant insights into phonological learning trajectories in children with DLD and their typically developing peers. Importantly, errors in word production by children with DLD do not surface as a result of weakness in articulatory control. Instead, results suggest that speech errors in DLD may relate to deficits in sound sequencing.
Möglichkeiten zur Optimierung der Implantatstabilität bei osteoporotischen Frakturen der Wirbelsäule
Authors: von der Höh Nicolas , Spiegl Ulrich-J. , Jarvers Jan-Sven , Völker Anna , Josten Christoph , Heyde Christoph-Eckhard 
Published: August 2018

ZusammenfassungVersorgungspflichtige osteoporotische Wirbelkörperfrakturen stellen heutzutage mehr denn je eine Herausforderung an Behandler und Gesellschaft dar. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit werden Lösungsansätze und Möglichkeiten zur Optimierung der Implantatstabilität bei osteoporotischen Frakturen aufgezeigt und mit einigen Beispielen illustriert.
Advances in Understanding the Immune Imbalance between T-Lymphocyte Subsets and NK Cells in Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion
Authors: Zhao Xiaoxuan , Jiang Yuepeng , Wang Lin , Li Zhihao , Li Qiang , Feng Xiaoling 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRecurrent spontaneous abortion is a global problem, and unexplained recurrent abortion triggered by immunological factors is an important focus of current research. Helper T lymphocytes (Th cells) and regulatory T lymphocytes (Treg cells) are central in human immune regulation and play a complex role in pregnancy. Natural killer cells (NK cells) exist in the endometrium and cooperate with T lymphocytes to create immune tolerance at the maternal-fetal interface, which is essential for successful pregnancy. This review has analyzed studies on Th17 cell, Treg cell and NK cell dysfunction and cellular imbalances which may contribute to unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion to suggest a possible direction for future immunotherapies.
Endometriosis and Beta-hCG > 775 IU/l Increase the Risk of Non-tube-preserving Surgery for Tubal Pregnancy
Authors: Nicolaus Kristin , Jimenez-Cruz Jorge , Bräuer Dominik , Lehmann Thomas , Mothes Anke , Runnebaum Ingo 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Introduction Tubal pregnancy is the most clinically relevant form of ectopic pregnancy. Surgery consisting of laparoscopic salpingotomy is the therapeutic gold standard. This study looked at risk factors for non-tube-preserving surgery. The aim was to determine a cut-off value for beta-hCG levels, which could be used to predict the extent of tubal surgery.
Materials and Method 97 patients with tubal pregnancy who underwent primary salpingotomy in the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of Jena University Hospital between 2010 and 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. A prior medical history of risk factors such as adnexitis, ectopic pregnancy, tubal surgery, treatment for infertility and intrauterine pessary was included in the analysis. The study population was divided into two subgroups: (1) a group which underwent laparoscopic linear salpingotomy, and (2) a group which had laparoscopic partial tubal resection or salpingectomy. Risk factors for salpingectomy were determined using binary logistic regression analysis. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS, version 24.0, to identify risk factors for non-tube-preserving surgery.
Results 68 patients (70.1%) underwent laparoscopic salpingotomy and 29 patients (29.9%) had laparoscopic salpingectomy. The two groups differed with regard to age (p = 0.01) but not with regard to the parameters ‘gestational age’, ‘viability and rupture status of the ectopic pregnancy’ or ‘symptoms at presentation’. Patients who were known to have endometriosis prior to surgery or who were diagnosed with endometriosis intraoperatively were more likely to undergo salpingectomy (OR: 3.28; 95% CI: 0.9 – 10.8; p = 0.05). Calculated mean beta-hCG levels were higher in the salpingectomy group compared to the group who had tube-preserving salpingotomy (3277.8 IU/l vs. 9338.3 IU/l, p = 0.01). A cut-off beta-hCG value of 775 IU/l prior to surgery was predictive for salpingectomy with a true positive rate of 86.2% and increased the probability that salpingectomy would be necessary (OR: 5.23; 95% CI: 0.229 – 0.471; p = 0.005).
Conclusion Endometriosis and a beta-hCG value of more than 775 IU/l significantly increased the risk for non-tube-preserving surgery in women with tubal pregnancy.
MAPPING OF FUNCTIONAL DOMAINS OF HUMAN HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT (HMW) AND LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT (LMW) KININOGENS BY USING MURINE MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES (MAbs)
Authors: Ishiguro H , Higashiyama S , Namikawa C , Ohkubo I , Sasaki M 
Published: August 2018

It has been widely known that HMW and LMW kininogens are the large potential sources of kinin in human blood, and that HMW kininogen also functions as a cofactor in the contact activation of blood coagulation. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the heavy chains of kininogens strongly inhibited a number of cysteine proteinases such as calpains, cathepsins, papain and ficin. We made an attempt at mapping of functional domains on the molecules of both kininogens by using MAbs.Thirty four MAbs raised against human HMW and LMW kininogens were screened by ELISA. By using HMW kininogen, kinin-free HMW kininogen, kinin and fragment 1.2 (fr 1.2)-free HMW kininogen, LMW kininogen, kinin-free LMW kininogen, heavy chain of LMW kininogen and light chains of both kininogens, the MAbs were characterized and.classified into four groups; [1] 20 MAbs reacted with heavy chain, a common region of HMW and LMW kininogens. These MAbs possessed the specificity for domain 1 (2 MAbs), domain 2 (2 MAbs), domain 3 (7 MAbs), and both domains 2 and 3 (7 MAbs) of the heavy chain; [2] 7 MAbs recognized the fr 1.2, a unique histidine-rich region; [3] 5 MAbs reacted with the light chain of HMW kininogen; [4] 2 MAbs recognized the light chain of LMW kininogen.Two MAbs, designated HKG H7 and H12, effectively inhibited the cysteine proteinase inhibitor activity of HMW and LMW kininogens and the others did not affect it. Further, the MAbs, which recognized the fr 1.2 or light chain of HMW kininogen, suppressed the clotting activity. Especially, 2 MAbs, named HKG L2 and L5, effectively suppressed the clotting activity of HMW kininogen. The former, which neutralized about 70% of the clotting activity, reacted specifically with fr 1.2 region of HMW kininogen, and the latter, which neutralized more than 90% of it, recognized the light chain of HMW kininogen. In the results of competition ELISA, fr 1.2 specific MAbs could be classified into 5 kinds of MAbs for recognition sites, and the light chain (HMW kininogen)-specific MAbs also could be classified into 3 kinds of MAbs. Further, 2 light chain (LMW kininogen)-specific MAbs were thought to recognize an identical antigenic site.
HUMAN VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS (HVSMC) PRODUCE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR 1 (PAI-1) AND PROTEASE-NEXIN (PN)
Authors: Laug Walter E 
Published: August 2018

The arteriosclerotic lesion is characterized by myointimal proliferation. The pathological growth of SMC may alter the biological function of the overlaying endothelial cells.Thus we have found that HVSMC produce large amounts of plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) activities, which neutralize the PA activities elaborated by endothelial cells. Most ( 95%) of the PA activities detectable by reverse fibrin autography bind to heparin affigel at low salt concentration (0.05 m NaCl). Two peaks with PAI activities are eluted with a linear NaCl gradient from 0.05 m to 1.0 m. The first peak eluted at NaCl concentrations of 0.05 m to 0.3 m while the second peak was found in the range of 0.5 m to 0.7 m NaCl. Both PAI had an approximate molecular weight of 45,000 to 50,000 as estimated by SDS PAGE followed by either reverse fibrin autography or silver stain. The pooled fractions of the first peak did not bind 125I-thrombin while the protein of the second peak formed SDS resistant complexes with it like PN.The pooled fractions of the first PAI peak were further purified by SDS gel electrophoresis followed by electro-blotting onto glass fiber paper. Partial amino acid microsequencing demonstrated homology with the amino acid sequence of PAI-1. In addition, positive reaction with specific antiserum to PAI-1 was demonstrated in Western blots. Oligonucleotide probes were synthesized from the amino acid sequences obtained and PAI-1 gene probes were isolated from a human placenta cDNA library. Subsequently PAI-1 gene expression in HVSMC was demonstrated with Northern blots.These studies show that PAI-1 binds to heparin affigel at low salt concentrations which facilitates considerably its purification. In addition, the production of PAI-1 and PN by HVSMC may be of importance for the pathogenesis of thrombotic complications in arteriosclerotic vessels.
ISOLATION OF cDNA FOR TYPE-2 PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR
Authors: Ny T , Hansson L , Åstedt B 
Published: August 2018

The placental type plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-2) has been purified from extracts of human placenta and from a histiocytic lymphoma cell line. It is mainly an uPA inhibitor but it also inhibits the two-chain form of tPA.In order to determine the factors regulating PAI-2 gene expression and thereby clarify the physiological role of PAI-2 we have undertaken the molecular cloning of PAI-2 cDNA. A λgt11 expression library prepared from placental mRNA, was screened, immunologically using a monoclonal antibody probe developed against PAI-2 purified from human placenta. When 1.7×105 recombinant phages were screened six positive clones were obtained. Hybridization experiments and comparison of restriction enzyme cleavege pattern revealed that the DNA inserts of the six clones were, related. To identify the clones as coding for PAI-2, a lysogen made from one of them was induced, and the proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE. In immuno-blotting wxperiments the recombinant fusion protein and purified PAI-2 were recognized by the monoclonal antibody and a monospecific polyclonal antibody against PAI-2, revealing an immunological similarity. The nucleotide sequence of the largest cDNA was determined. It was found to code for a protein with extensive sequence homology with members of the serine protease inhibitor family (serpins) Alignment of the active center region with other serpins indicates that PAI-2 is an arg-serpin, as expected for an inhibitor of plasminogen activators.
THE DYNAMIC STRUCTURE OF FIBRINOGEN PROBED BY SURFACE LABELLING AND CHEMICAL CROSS-LINKING
Authors: Apap-Bologna Angela , Webster Ailsa , Raitt Fiona , Kemp Graham 
Published: August 2018

There is much controversy regarding the conformation of fibrinogen. Several models have been proposed ranging from an almost linear trinodular arrangement to a globular conformation. Consequently, it has been suggested that fibrinogen has a flexible structure where the actual conformation is influenced by its environment - one major factor being calcium concentration. Although the importance of tightly bound calcium ions (Kd ∼ luM) to fibrinogen structure is well established, the role of the larger number of low affinity sites (Kd∼lmM) is still a matter of debate.We have utilised the techniques of radio-active photoaffinity surface labelling and chemical cross-linking to probe the molecule's conformation under different conditions. Studies were carried out in an attempt to provide information on: (1) The relative locations of the major domains within the fibrinogen molecule (2) The regions of the chains which are exposed on the surface (3) The dependence of the conformation on the solvent composition with particular reference to the effect of calcium concentration. Our results indicate that the central, or E domain of the molecule is partially buried and that the conformation of fibrinogen is certainly influenced by changes in solvent composition. Increasing calcium concentration in the millimolar range results in an increase in the proportion of intermolecular cross-linking, mainly through the [A]α chains. There have been several reports that the C-terminal regions of the [A]α chains are in close association, forming a fourth domain within the molecule. Our results suggest that calcium ions promote the dissociation of this domain.