bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Performance in Chronic Tinnitus Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study Using the RBANS-H
Authors: Cardon Emilie , Jacquemin Laure , Mertens Griet , Van de Heyning Paul , Vanderveken Olivier M. , Topsakal Vedat , De Hertogh Willem , Michiels Sarah , Van Rompaey Vincent , Gilles Annick 
Published: September 2019

Objective:
Many tinnitus patients report cognitive deficits such as concentration and attention difficulties. The aim of this study was to comprehensively assess cognitive functioning in tinnitus patients using a standardized test battery, the repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status adjusted for hearing impaired individuals (RBANS-H).

Study Design:
Cross-sectional study.

Setting:
Tertiary referral center.

Participants:
Twenty-eight chronic tinnitus patients and 28 control participants, matched for sex, age, hearing loss, and education level.

Intervention:
Diagnostic.

Main Outcome Measures:
All participants completed the RBANS-H, which includes subtests probing immediate and delayed memory, visuospatial capabilities, language, and attention. The tinnitus patients completed the tinnitus functional index (TFI), a visual analogue scale (VAS) measuring subjective mean tinnitus loudness and the hyperacusis questionnaire (HQ).

Results:
The total RBANS-H scores did not differ between tinnitus patients and controls. However, on the language subscale, mean scores of the tinnitus group (97.6 ± 11.0) were significantly lower than those of controls (104.4 ± 12.0), with correction for sex, age, hearing level, and education level (general linear model: p = 0.034). Post hoc t tests revealed a specific deficit concerning the semantic fluency subtest (tinnitus: 19.5 ± 6.2; control: 23.1 ± 5.9; p = 0.015). VAS scores for tinnitus loudness were negatively correlated to scores on the RBANS-H attention subscale (r = –0.48, p = 0.012).

Conclusions:
The current study successfully employed the RBANS-H to provide a broader view on cognitive functioning in tinnitus patients. The results showed a specific negative influence of tinnitus on verbal fluency, which could be related to a deficit in executive cognitive control. Moreover, patients experiencing louder tinnitus performed worse on specific subtests concerning attention.
Long-term Implant Usage and Quality-of-Life in Sequential Bilateral Pediatric Cochlear Implantation
Authors: Low David , Shipp David , Gordon Karen , Kuroiwa-Rivero Maya , Cushing Sharon , Papsin Blake , Le Trung , Lin Vincent , Chen Joseph 
Published: September 2019

Objectives:
Our primary objective was to investigate the long-term usage of cochlear implants (CIs) in children who underwent sequential bilateral CI (SeqBCI), and to study factors that impact usage. Our secondary objective was to understand the difference in subjective benefit and educational/employment status, between users and non-users of the second CI (CI2).

Study Design:
Prospective case series.

Setting:
Tertiary academic centers.

Patients:
Sixty-eight young adults who underwent SeqBCI as children.

Interventions:
Pediatric SeqBCI.

Main Outcome Measures:
The main outcome measures were the current usage of the first CI (CI1) and CI2, factors that determine usage, current perceptions of their CIs, educational/employment status, and Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing scale (SSQ12) scores.

Results:
Sixty five (95.6%) participants were using CI1 for over 8 h/d and the rest were using CI1 for 4 to 8 h/d. Fourty four (64.7%) participants used CI2 for at least 4 h/d, 10 (15%) indicated that they rarely used CI2 (<4 h/d) and 14 (21%) were not using CI2 at all. On multivariate analysis, the only independent predictor of long-term usage of CI2 was the inter-implant interval (odds ratio [OR] 0.78, standard deviation [SD] 0.65–0.91, p = 0.002). There was no significant difference in the SSQ12 scores of users and non-users of CI2.

Conclusion:
The finding of increasing rates of non-usage of CI2 with lengthening inter-implant interval is clinically relevant and critical to health-economic assessment. From a usage point of view, the evidence is sufficiently robust to recommend that in children with bilateral deafness, bilateral CI should be done simultaneously, and if not, soon after the first CI. In the context of a longer inter-implant interval, clinicians should weigh the marginal benefits of CI2 against the surgical risks vis-a-vis non-usage and bilateral vestibular hypofunction.
Integration of Informatics Content in Baccalaureate and Graduate Nursing Education
Authors: Bove Lisa Anne 
Published: September 2019

Background
The American Association of Colleges of Nursing identified informatics and health care technology as an essential component of baccalaureate, master's, and doctoral education, but schools still struggle to effectively deliver this core knowledge.

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to provide an update of the 2013 status report on the integration of informatics in nursing education.

Method
The top twenty-five 2018 US News & World Report Best Online Nursing Programs were reviewed for courses with technology, computers, informatics, statistics, or research in the title.

Findings
Sixty-seven percent of the schools with master's programs and more than 80% of the DNP programs included at least 1 informatics course. Schools with online BSN courses had about the same number of programs with informatics courses as the 2013 report.

Conclusion
While there was some improvement in the number of informatics courses in the programs reviewed, faculty need support to overcome barriers to teaching informatics.
Increased T1 Signal Intensity of the Anterior Pituitary Gland on Unenhanced Magnetic Resonance Images After Chronic Exposure to Gadodiamide
Authors: Mallio Carlo A. , Lo Vullo Gianguido , Messina Laura , Beomonte Zobel Bruno , Parizel Paul M. , Quattrocchi Carlo C. 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the signal intensity of the anterior pituitary (AP) gland on unenhanced T1-weighted images in patients with history of serial intravenous injections of gadodiamide and normal renal function.Materials and MethodsWe included 53 patients who had undergone at least 5 injections of gadodiamide and a control group of 15 subjects who underwent at least 5 brain magnetic resonance imaging without gadolinium-based contrast agents. Using unenhanced sagittal T1-weighted images, values of mean signal intensity of the AP and of the central pons were obtained. Anterior pituitary–to–pons signal intensity ratios were calculated dividing the values of the AP by those of the pons. Then, the ratios were compared between the first and the last magnetic resonance imaging scans for all the subjects. To assess the difference between the first and the last ratios, nonparametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test with Monte Carlo resampling was applied. APvalue less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.ResultsThe comparison between the first and the last scan revealed a statistically significant increase of AP-to-pons ratio in the last scan for the gadolinium-exposed group (P< 0.001), whereas nonsignificant results were found for the control group (P= nonsignificant).ConclusionsWe found an increased signal intensity of the AP on unenhanced T1-weighted images in patients with history of serial intravenous injections of gadodiamide and normal renal function, suggesting gadolinium deposition or long-term retention within the AP gland. Our findings need to be confirmed by further histochemical analysis of AP gland tissue samples.
Does the Artery-first Approach Improve the Rate of R0 Resection in Pancreatoduodenectomy?
Authors: Sabater Luis , Cugat Esteban , Serrablo Alejandro , Suarez-Artacho Gonzalo , Diez-Valladares Luis , Santoyo-Santoyo Julio , Martín-Pérez Elena , Ausania Fabio , Lopez-Ben Santiago , Jover-Navalon Jose Maria , Garcés-Albir Marina , Garcia-Domingo Maria Isabel , Serradilla Mario , Pérez-Aguirre Elia , Sánchez-Pérez Belinda , Di Martino Marcello , Senra-del-Rio Paula , Falgueras-Verdaguer Laia , Carabias Alberto , Gómez-Mateo Mari Carmen , Ferrandez Antonio , Dorcaratto Dimitri , Muñoz-Forner Elena , Fondevila Constantino , Padillo Javier 
Published: September 2019

Objective:
To compare the rates of R0 resection in pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) for pancreatic and periampullary malignant tumors by means of standard (ST-PD) versus artery-first approach (AFA-PD).

Background:
Standardized histological examination of PD specimens has shown that most pancreatic resections thought to be R0 resections are R1. “Artery-first approach” is a surgical technique characterized by meticulous dissection of arterial planes and clearing of retropancreatic tissue in an attempt to achieve a higher rate of R0. To date, studies comparing AFA-PD versus ST-PD are retrospective cohort or case-control studies.

Methods:
A multicenter, randomized, controlled trial was conducted in 10 University Hospitals (NCT02803814, ClinicalTrials.gov). Eligible patients were those who presented with pancreatic head adenocarcinoma and periampullary tumors (ampulloma, distal cholangiocarcinoma, duodenal adenocarcinoma). Assignment to each group (ST-PD or AFA-PD) was randomized by blocks and stratified by centers. The primary end-point was the rate of tumor-free resection margins (R0); secondary end-points were postoperative complications and mortality.

Results:
One hundred seventy-nine patients were assessed for eligibility and 176 randomized. After exclusions, the final analysis included 75 ST-PD and 78 AFA-PD. R0 resection rates were 77.3% (95% CI: 68.4–87.4) with ST-PD and 67.9% (95% CI: 58.3–79.1) with AFA-PD, P=0.194. There were no significant differences in postoperative complication rates, overall 73.3% versus 67.9%, and perioperative mortality 4% versus 6.4%.

Conclusions:
Despite theoretical oncological advantages associated with AFA-PD and evidence coming from low-level studies, this multicenter, randomized, controlled trial has found no difference neither in R0 resection rates nor in postoperative complications in patients undergoing ST-PD versus AFA-PD for pancreatic head adenocarcinoma and other periampullary tumors.
The role of polymers in cross-kingdom bioadhesion
Authors: Morales-García A. L. , Bailey R. G. , Jana S. , Burgess J. G. 
Published: September 2019

The secretion of extracellular polymeric substances provides an evolutionary advantage found in many organisms that can adhere to surfaces and cover themselves in a protective matrix. This ability is found in prokaryotes, archaea and eukaryotes, all of which use functionally similar polysaccharides, proteins and nucleic acids to form extracellular matrices, mucus and bioadhesive substances. These macromolecules have been investigated from the perspective of polymer biophysics, and theories to help understand adhesion, viscosity and gelling have been developed. These properties can be measured experimentally using straightforward methods such as cell counting as well as more advanced techniques such as atomic force microscopy and rheometry. An integrated understanding of the properties and uses of adhesive macromolecules across kingdoms is also important and can provide the basis for a range of biotechnological and medical applications.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Transdisciplinary approaches to the study of adhesion and adhesives in biological systems’.
Learning from Northern clingfish (Gobiesox maeandricus): bioinspired suction cups attach to rough surfaces
Authors: Ditsche Petra , Summers Adam 
Published: September 2019

While artificial suction cups only attach well to smooth surfaces, the Northern clingfish can attach to surfaces ranging from nanoscale smooth to rough stone. This ability is highly desirable for technical applications. The morphology of the fish's suction disc and its ability to attach to rough and slimy surfaces have been described before, and here we aim to close gaps in the biomechanical understanding, and transfer the biomechanical principles to technical suction cups. We demonstrate that the margin of the suction disc is the critical feature enabling attachment to rough surfaces. Second, friction measurements show that friction of the disc rim is increased on rough substrates and contributes to high tenacity. Increased friction causes a delay in failure of the suction cup and increases the attachment force. We were able to implement these concepts to develop the first suction cups bioinspired by Northern clingfish. These cups attach with tenacities up to 70 kPa on surfaces as rough as 270 µm grain size. The application of this technology is promising in fields such as surgery, industrial production processes and whale tagging.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Transdisciplinary approaches to the study of adhesion and adhesives in biological systems'.
Single cell ATAC-seq in human pancreatic islets and deep learning upscaling of rare cells reveals cell-specific type 2 diabetes regulatory signatures
Authors: Rai Vivek , Quang Daniel X. , Erdos Michael R. , Cusanovich Darren A. , Daza Riza M. , Narisu Narisu , Zou Luli S. , Didion John P. , Guan Yuanfang , Shendure Jay , Parker Stephen C.J. , Collins Francis S. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTObjectiveType 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex disease characterized by pancreatic islet dysfunction, insulin resistance, and disruption of blood glucose levels. Genome wide association studies (GWAS) have identified >400 independent signals that encode genetic predisposition. More than 90% of the associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) localize to non-coding regions and are enriched in chromatin-defined islet enhancer elements, indicating a strong transcriptional regulatory component to disease susceptibility. Pancreatic islets are a mixture of cell types that express distinct hormonal programs, and so each cell type may contribute differentially to the underlying regulatory processes that modulate T2D-associated transcriptional circuits. Existing chromatin profiling methods such as ATAC-seq and DNase-seq, applied to islets in bulk, produce aggregate profiles that mask important cellular and regulatory heterogeneity.MethodsWe present genome-wide single cell chromatin accessibility profiles in >1,600 cells derived from a human pancreatic islet sample using single-cell-combinatorial-indexing ATAC-seq (sci-ATAC-seq). We also developed a deep learning model based on the U-Net architecture to accurately predict open chromatin peak calls in rare cell populations.ResultsWe show that sci-ATAC-seq profiles allow us to deconvolve alpha, beta, and delta cell populations and identify cell-type-specific regulatory signatures underlying T2D. Particularly, we find that T2D GWAS SNPs are significantly enriched in beta cell-specific and cross cell-type shared islet open chromatin, but not in alpha or delta cell-specific open chromatin. We also demonstrate, using less abundant delta cells, that deep-learning models can improve signal recovery and feature reconstruction of rarer cell populations. Finally, we use co-accessibility measures to nominate the cell-specific target genes at 104 non-coding T2D GWAS signals.ConclusionsCollectively, we identify the islet cell type of action across genetic signals of T2D predisposition and provide higher-resolution mechanistic insights into genetically encoded risk pathways.
Sexual-dimorphism in human immune system aging
Authors: Márquez Eladio J. , Chung Cheng-han , Marches Radu , Rossi Robert J. , Nehar-Belaid Djamel , Eroglu Alper , Mellert David J , Kuchel George A , Banchereau Jacques , Ucar Duygu 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDifferences in immune function and responses contribute to health- and life-span disparities between sexes. However, the role of sex in immune system aging is not well understood. Here, we characterize peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 172 healthy adults 22-93 years of age using ATAC-seq, RNA-seq, and flow-cytometry. These data reveal a shared epigenomic signature of aging including declining naïve T cell and increasing monocyte/cytotoxic cell functions. These changes were greater in magnitude in men and accompanied by a male-specific genomic decline in B-cell specific loci. Age-related epigenomic changes first spike around late-thirties with similar timing and magnitude between sexes, whereas the second spike is earlier and stronger in men. Unexpectedly, genomic differences between sexes increase after age 65, with men having higher innate and pro-inflammatory activity and lower adaptive activity. Impact of age and sex on immune cell genomes can be visualized at https://immune-aging.jax.org to provide insights into future studies.
The distribution of neuronal primary cilia immunoreactive to melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1 (MCHR1) in the murine prosencephalon
Authors: Diniz Giovanne B. , Battagello Daniella S. , Bono Bianca S. M. , Ferreira Jozélia G. P. , Klein Marianne O. , Motta-Teixeira Livia C. , Duarte Jessica C. G. , Presse Françoise , Nahon Jean-Louis , Adamantidis Antoine , Chee Melissa J. , Sita Luciane V. , Bittencourt Jackson C. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMelanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is a ubiquitous vertebrate neuropeptide predominantly synthesized by neurons of the diencephalon that can act through two G protein-coupled receptors, called MCHR1 and MCHR2. The expression of Mchr1 has been investigated in both rats and mice, but its synthesis remains poorly described. After identifying an antibody that detects MCHR1 with high specificity, we employed immunohistochemistry to map the distribution of MCHR1 in the CNS of rats and mice. Multiple neurochemical markers were also employed to characterize some of the neuronal populations that synthesize MCHR1. Our results show that MCHR1 is abundantly found in a sensory subcellular structure called the neuronal primary cilium, which has been associated with the detection of free neurochemical agents released to act through volume transmission. Ciliary MCHR1 was found in a wide range of areas, including the olfactory bulb, cortical mantle, striatum, hippocampal formation, amygdala, midline thalamic nuclei, periventricular hypothalamic nuclei, and midbrain areas. No differences were observed between male and female mice, and rats and mice diverged in two key areas: the caudate-putamen nucleus and the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus. Ciliary MCHR1 was found in close association to several neurochemical markers, including tyrosine hydroxylase, calretinin, kisspeptin, estrogen receptor, oxytocin, vasopressin, and corticotropin-releasing factor. Given the role of neuronal primary cilia in sensing free neurochemical messengers in the extracellular fluid, the widespread distribution of ciliary MCHR1, and the diverse neurochemical populations who synthesize MCHR1, our data indicates that volume transmission may play a prominent role in the normal function of the MCH system.
Functional connectome contractions in temporal lobe epilepsy: microstructural underpinnings and associations to surgical outcome
Authors: Larivière Sara , Weng Yifei , Vos de Wael Reinder , Frauscher Birgit , Wang Zhengge , Bernasconi Andrea , Bernasconi Neda , Schrader Dewi V. , Zhang Zhiqiang , Bernhardt Boris C. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTemporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common drug-resistant epilepsy in adults. While commonly related to hippocampal pathology, increasing evidence suggests structural changes beyond the mesiotemporal lobe. Functional anomalies and their link to underlying structural alterations, however, remain incompletely understood. We studied 30 drug-resistant TLE patients and 57 healthy controls using multimodal magnetic resonance imaging analyses. We developed a novel framework that parameterizes functional connectivity distance, consolidating functional and geometric properties of macroscale networks. Compared to controls, TLE showed connectivity distance reductions in temporo-insular and prefrontal networks, suggesting topological segregation of functional networks. Our novel approach furthermore allowed for the testing of morphological and microstructural associations, and revealed that functional connectivity contractions occurred independently from TLE-related cortical atrophy but were mediated by microstructural changes in the underlying white matter. All patients underwent a comparable resective surgery after our study and a regularized supervised machine learning paradigm with 5-fold cross-validation demonstrated that patient-specific functional anomalies predicted post-surgical seizure outcome with 74±8% accuracy, outperforming classifiers operating on clinical and structural imaging features. Our findings suggest connectivity distance contractions as a clinically relevant pathoconnectomic substrate of TLE. Functional topological isolation may represent a microstructurally mediated network mechanism that tilts the balance towards epileptogenesis.
Within and Between-person Correlates of the Temporal Dynamics of Resting EEG Microstates
Authors: Zanesco Anthony P. , King Brandon G. , Skwara Alea C. , Saron Clifford D. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMicrostates reflect transient brain states resulting from the activity of synchronously active brain networks that predominate in the broadband EEG time series. Despite increasing interest in understanding how the functional organization of the brain varies across individuals, or the extent to which its spatiotemporal dynamics are state dependent, comparatively little research has examined within and between-person correlates of microstate temporal parameters in healthy populations. In the present study, neuroelectric activity recorded during eyes-closed rest and during simple visual fixation was segmented into a time series of transient microstate intervals. It was found that five data-driven microstate configurations explained the preponderance of topographic variance in the EEG time series of the 374 recordings (from 187 participants) included in the study. We observed that the temporal dynamics of microstates varied within individuals to a greater degree than they differed between persons, with within-person factors explaining a large portion of the variance in mean microstate duration and occurrence rate. Nevertheless, several individual differences were found to predict the temporal dynamics of microstates. Of these, age and gender were the most reliable. These findings suggest that not only do the rich temporal dynamics of whole-brain neuronal networks vary considerably within-individuals, but that microstates appear to differentiate persons based on trait individual differences. The current findings suggest that rather than focusing exclusively on between-person differences in microstates as measures of brain function, researchers should turn their attention towards understanding the factors contributing to within-person variation.