bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AS TRANSFORMAÇÕES OCORRIDAS NO ESPAÇO AGRÁRIO DO MUNICÍPIO DE PINHAL GRANDE/RS - 1993-2017: OS REFLEXOS NA AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR
Authors: Dallanôra Ivani Belenice , Bezzi Meri Lourdes 
Published: August 2019

Com o processo de modernização da agricultura brasileira ocorrida após a década de 1960, o espaço agrário vem passando por significativas transformações estruturais e socioeconômicas. No entanto, a organização das atividades no interior da agricultura familiar vem sendo diretamente alterada, sendo necessário uma nova reorganização desta categoria social. Buscando o entendimento desta afirmação este artigo possui como objetivo geral analisar as principais transformações ocorridas no espaço agrário do município de Pinhal Grande/RS no período de 1993-2017, identificando os reflexos diante da agricultura familiar. Especificamente objetivou-se (a) avaliar as transformações espaciais e técnicas presentes no espaço agrário ao longo da escala temporal analisada; (b) Conhecer a organização da matriz produtiva e seus reflexos para o desenvolvimento da agricultura familiar, (c) Identificar os impactos econômicos e sociais ocorridos no espaço rural do município. A metodologia foi organizada em torno das matrizes teóricas e da coleta de dados em fontes primárias (agricultores familiares e órgãos públicos) e secundárias (Censo Agropecuário e produção agrícola municipal). O trabalho desenvolvido permitiu elencar os elementos que influenciaram as transformações no espaço agrário do município, sobretudo a partir da modernização da agricultura e da expansão da cultura da soja. Neste contexto, os dados demonstram que a partir deste processo, o espaço agrário vem se organizando de forma contraditória, apresentando espaços dinâmicos, abrangendo a maior área territorial do município, onde predomina culturas comerciais, como a soja e a pecuária em propriedades familiares e não familiares e espaços em que a agricultura familiar “tenta” manter-se em áreas minifundiárias, tendo o fumo como principal cultura responsável por agregar renda na propriedade.
Colégio Estadual Quilombola Diogo Ramos: Olhares sobre educação na Comunidade de João Surá
Authors: Moreira da Silva Fabiane , Silva da Rosa Sanciaray Yarha 
Published: August 2019

O presente documento refere-se ao projeto sobre Educação Quilombola no Estado do Paraná, desenvolvido pelo grupo de pesquisa Joana de Andrade, que tem como objetivo analisar a efetivação de políticas públicas de educação escolar quilombola no estado, além de compreender os processos de produção de conhecimento intercultural baseado na integração da comunidade quilombola e as práticas pedagógicas. Para tanto, realizou-se um levantamento bibliográfico acerca dessa temática, bem como pesquisa de campo desenvolvida no Colégio Estadual Diogo Ramos, tendo como metodologia a etnografia e o uso de caderno de campo. Com isso foi possível conhecer de perto a realidade da Comunidade de João Surá (PR), e também os processos de escolarização no território quilombola.
Gênero, território e decolonialidade: experiências e perspectivas no Brasil
Authors: Azevedo Natália Tavares , Torres Katya Regina Isaguirre , Borba Carolina Dos Anjos 
Published: August 2019

Nas últimas décadas, no Brasil e em toda a América Latina, tem se observado uma intensificação de conflitos territoriais e socioambientais envolvendo comunidades tradicionais, camponeses, povos originários e outros grupos que têm em sua territorialidade condição fundamental para reprodução da vida. Tal intensificação decorre dos modelos hegemônicos de ‘desenvolvimento’ que têm sido historicamente impostos à América Latina, expressão da colonialidade do poder constitutiva do sistema-mundo moderno/colonial/capitalista/patriarcal (GROSFOGUEL, 2008), baseado na classificação social, hierarquização e subalternização racial, de gênero e de classe (QUIJANO, 2005). Em sua face atual, este sistema-mundo e sua matriz global de poder, com sua divisão internacional do trabalho, põe em marcha práticas neoextrativistas em todo o continente latino-americano. Nesse ‘modelo de desenvolvimento’ são impulsionados empreendimentos ligados à produção de commodities da mineração e do agronegócio, além de obras de infraestrutura viária e energética de suporte à essas atividades (MACHADO ARÁOZ, 2011; MANRIQUE, 2015; MERCHAND ROJAS, 2016).
MAPEAMENTO E QUANTIFICAÇÃO DA COBERTURA VEGETAL EM ÁREAS PERIFÉRICAS NA CIDADE DE PARAGOMINAS - PA
Authors: Costa Pereira Lucimar , Viana Balbino Maycon , Do Socorro Nascimento Farias Nayara , Saraiva Viana Lorena , Da Rocha Xavier Maria Renata , Lima Correa Denison , Lima da Silva Tulio Marcus 
Published: August 2019

Um importante mecanismo envolvido no avanço da urbanização é a substituição de áreas de vegetação por equipamentos urbanos, ação que se torna mais crítica nas periferias, onde a execução do planejamento urbano e a manutenção das condições de conforto e qualidade ambiental tendem a ser mais deficientes. Dado isto, esta pesquisa objetivou aplicar a técnica de uso de drone para mapear e quantificar a cobertura vegetal em três loteamentos periféricos localizados na cidade Paragominas-PA, de modo a avaliar a proporção de cobertura vegetal em cada um, determinar o Índice de Cobertura Vegetal por Habitante (ICVH) para cada loteamento e analisar a distribuição espacial desta vegetação. Para tanto, realizou-se um levantamento aéreo de imagens com utilização de drone, a serem posteriormente processadas para extração da máscara de cobertura vegetal nos softwares Agisoft Photo Scan e ArcMap 10.1. Foram verificados percentuais e índices de cobertura vegetal por habitante de 13,26% e 5,05 m2/hab para o loteamento Laércio Cabeline, 8,16% e 3,30 m2/hab para o Jardim Atlântico e 5,57% e 10,28 m2/hab para o loteamento Ouro Preto. Observou-se também que a maior parte da vegetação presente nas áreas em estudo fica localizada em quintais, distribuídos por todo o espaço mapeado. O Uso do drone possibilitou um levantamento satisfatório da cobertura vegetal.
TRADUÇÃO DE HQ: O ESTUDO DE UMA TIRA DE CALVIN E HAROLDO EM TRÊS LÍNGUAS
Authors: Yokota Rosa , Rosa Jéssica Rodrigues 
Published: August 2019

Neste artigo, apresentamos algumas reflexões sobre a tradução de HQs a partir da análise da tradução de uma tira dos personagens Calvin e Haroldo, de Bill Watterson. A tira original está em inglês e as traduções, em espanhol e português. Apesar de considerar as Modalidades de Tradução, de Aubert (1998), que focalizam o produto linguístico, aborda-se o texto como junção do desenho com o material linguístico, o contexto de circulação das traduções e os efeitos de sentido produzidos pelos elementos não verbais. Serão destacados: um aspecto sintático, o sujeito oracional, e as mudanças de sentido presentes nos textos traduzidos.
Outcome Tools in Pediatric Foot and Ankle Patients: Comparing Child and Parent Scores
Authors: Tipton C. Cody , Bompadre Viviana , Mattioli-Lewis Tressa , Bouchard Maryse 
Published: August 2019

Introduction:
The Oxford Ankle Foot Questionnaire for Children (OxAFQ-C) is validated for assessing the impact of foot and ankle conditions in pediatric patients. The purpose of this cross-sectional study is to assess child-parent concordance and identify patient factors that predict improved agreement.

Methods:
Patients aged 8 to 16 years with foot and ankle conditions and their parents completed the OxAFQ-C during routine clinic visits over a 9-month period. Demographic and medical information was collected by chart reviews. Responses in each domain were compared using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and the comparisons of responses by sex were analyzed with Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. Concordance was assessed with intraclass correlation coefficients.

Results:
There were 87 child-parent dyads with 50 female patients (57.5%) and 37 male patients (42.5%). Most parent responders were mothers (84%). The mean patient age was 12.4 (±2.2) years. The most common diagnosis was pes planus (17%). Child scores were significantly higher than their parents' in the school and play (P = 0.008) and emotional (P = 0.001) domains. When stratified by age, children younger than 13 years had significantly higher scores than their parents across all domains (P = 0.015 physical, 0.002 school and play, 0.001 emotional), although the concordance for the school and play and emotional domains was only moderate (0.73 and 0.58, respectively). Female patients and their parents reported significantly lower scores compared with their male counterparts only in the emotional domain (84.37 vs 93.75, P = 0.025).

Conclusion:
Concordance is good between child and parent scores of the OxAFQ-C for assessing the impact of foot and ankle conditions. When stratified by age, patients younger than 13 years of age had higher scores than their parents' in all domains with the lowest concordance for the school and play and emotional domains. Female patients and their parents reported significantly lower scores than their male counterparts in the emotional domain.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV
Effect of Watermelon Rind (Citrullus lanatus) Addition on the Chemical and Sensory Quality of Sorghum Based Mumu
Authors: Gbaa S. T. , Ahemen S. A. , Eke M. O. , Ochelle P. O. 
Published: August 2019

Aims: The aim was to evaluate the effect of watermelon rind addition on chemical and sensory properties of sorghum based mumu.
Study Design: The experimental design used was the complete randomized design (CRD) and the Data obtained was subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s Least Significant Difference(LSD) test to compare treatment means; differences was considered significant at 95% (P≤0.05) (SPSS Version 21 software).
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Chemistry, Benue State University, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria, between June 2018 and March 2019.
Methodology: Sorghum-based mumu was prepared from composite flours of 85:15, 75:15, 70:15 and 65:15% roasted sorghum flour and roasted partially defatted groundnut flour respectively and included with 0, 10, 15 and 20% watermelon rind powder respectively which were known as sample A, B, C and D accordingly and sample A was used as control. Subsequently, proximate composition, selected minerals and vitamins were determined using standard methods. Sensory evaluation was also conducted.
Results: The addition of watermelon rind powder to sorghum-based mumu showed a significantly higher (P < 0.05) on the protein, ash and fibre. Their values ranged from 13.67 to 15.97%, 1.99 to 3.17% and 1.33 to 1.67% respectively, while moisture, crude fat and carbohydrate decrease with values ranged from 12.35 to 10.70%, 2.07 to 1.94% and 68.59 to 66.55% respectively. The energy values ranged from 347 to 348.76 Kcal/100 g). The results obtained from different minerals tested ranged as follows for phosphorus (124.10 to 155.67mg/100g), for magnesium (1.36 to 2.90 mg/100 g), for calcium (12.28 to26.67 mg/100 g) and for potassium (59.29 to 72.79 mg/100 g). Vitamins ranged from A (14.93 to 15.25 ug/100 g), C (5.97 to 8.12mg/100g), B1 (0.43 to 0.54mg/100g) and B2 (0.01 to 0.13 mg/100 g). Sensory evaluation results showed that the acceptability of the samples decreased significantly (P < 0.05) with increased level of watermelon rind powder.
Conclusion: The sorghum -based mumu supplemented with watermelon powder at 10% and 15% should be adopted since their sensory scores were high and the nutrient content significantly increased.
Taxonomic and Ecological Significance of Foliar Epidermal Characters in Four Taxa of Mussaenda L. (Rubiaceae) in Nigeria
Authors: Nwafor Felix Ifeanyi , O. Nwosu Maria , Z. Nwafor Amarachi 
Published: August 2019

Aims: This study investigated leaf epidermal features as taxonomic markers in delimiting two West African species (M. elegans and M. erythrophylla) and two Philippine infraspecific species (M. “Doña Aurora” and M.“Doña Luz”) of Mussaenda L. in Nigeria and their ecological significance.
Study Design: The experiment adopted a Completely Block Design (CBD) of four plant taxa from two study locations with 10 replicates each, totaling 80 samples.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in the Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, between June and September, 2010.
Methodology: Fresh leaves were collected from the Tropical Rainforest (TRF) and Derived Savanna (DS) vegetations of Nigeria under the same weather conditions. Leaf epidermal strips were prepared by clearing method, stained with Safranin and observed under the light microscope.
Results: The stomata are of the paracytic type borne on polygonal to irregularly shaped, wavy epidermal cells. Simple trichomes were also a common feature in all taxa. Mussaenda erythrophylla has significantly (P ˂ 0.05) the least dense stomata (84.51 ± 0.73 mm-2) while M. “Doña Aurora” has the densest stomata (230.98 ± 2.67 mm-2). M. elegans and M. “Doña Aurora” have significantly the highest stomata index (28.48% and 28.98% respectively) while M. “Doña Luz” has the lowest (24.31%). Samples from the TRF have significantly higher density, index and size of stomata in M. elegans and M. “Doña Luz” than those from DS. Quantitative trichome parameters also vary among the taxa. The fewest trichomes were observed in M. elegans (7.90 ± 0.14 and 11.75 ± 0.21) while they are most abundant in M. “Doña Luz” (11.77 ± 0.11 and 18.90 ± 0.51). Ecological conditions affected these variables as trichomes were more abundant in the specimens collected from DS locations.
Conclusion: Epidermal features are proven significant tools in taxonomic delimitation and as environmental indicators in predicting climatic changes and environmental pollution.
Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Properties from the Extract and Fractions of Annona senegalensis Pers (Annonaceae) Stem Bark Grown in Nigeria
Authors: O. Udodeme Helen , I. Nwafor Felix , P. Omeke Chukwudi , O. Ezugwu Christopher 
Published: August 2019

Aim: This study was carried out to assess the antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties of the extract and fractions of Annona senegalensis stem bark through in vitro and in vivo experimental models.
Study Design: The study followed a completely randomized design (CRD) of groups of treatments and control samples for all the tests.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacognosy and Environmental Medicines, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, between January and September 2016.
Methodology: Phytochemical constituents and in vitro antioxidant activities using different models (reducing power, DPPH free radical scavenging, ABTS radical scavenging, Hydroxyl radical scavenging, Hydrogen peroxide scavenging, β-carotene bleaching, FRAP scavenging and superoxide radical scavenging assays) were carried out. In vivo antioxidant activity was determined from the assays of lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase and total protein while hepatoprotective activity was evaluated against CCI4 induced liver damage and elevated serum marker enzymes.
Results: The results showed that the extract and fractions of stem bark of A. senegalensis had appreciable amounts of total flavonoids (845.67±93.62 mg/g) and total phenols (866.67±8.41), and exhibited good antioxidant activities at higher concentrations. Doses of the extract and fractions administered at 400 mg/kg protected the CCI4–induced lipid peroxidation and significantly (P = .05) reduced the elevated serum marker enzymes - aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphate (ALP), and bilirubin level on a dose and solvent dependent fashion. At 200 and 400 mg/kg extract, the serum AST was reduced (by 40.34% and 45.66% respectively) as much as the MeOH fraction (43.88%) and control (43.44%), whereas EtOAc fractions gave significantly the best reduction (52.49%). The ethyl acetate fraction gave the best activity among all the fractions.
Conclusion: The results showed that the stem bark is a potential source of natural antioxidants and hepatoprotective agents, and justifies its use in traditional herbal practice.
Adolescent sexual aggressiveness and pornography use: A longitudinal assessment
Authors: Dawson Kate , Tafro Azra , Štulhofer Aleksandar 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe rising prevalence of (online) pornography use among, mostly male, adolescents revived social concerns regarding possible effects of pornography use on sexual aggressiveness. Given the paucity of longitudinal explorations of this link, this study focused on the following two research questions: (Q1) Is pornography use during middle to late adolescence related to male adolescents’ self‐reported sexual aggressiveness; and (Q2) can personality traits and characteristics that have been associated with sexual aggression account for this presumed link? Using data from a six‐wave panel sample of 594 male Croatian high‐school sophomore students (Mage at baseline = 15.8 years, SD = 0.52), latent class and latent growth curve modeling were employed to answer these questions. There was a significant baseline difference in the frequency of pornography use between participants who reported no or marginal levels of sexual aggressiveness during the period under observation (20 months) and their peers who reported substantial sexual aggressiveness, with the former reporting significantly lower initial levels of pornography use compared to the latter. Controlling for personality characteristics did not cancel this association. In addition, bullying and reported peer pressure significantly predicted initial levels of pornography use, but not its subsequent change. With the controls omitted from the analysis, a slight average increase in pornography use was observed among adolescents who reported no or lowest levels of sexual aggressiveness. In contrast, pornography use decreased somewhat among their peers who reported moderate sexual aggressiveness. Insights from this study can contribute to school‐based sexual violence prevention programs, as well as inform recently proposed pornography literacy programs which aim to assist adolescents in navigating the increasingly sexually explicit online environment.
Transient Energy Reservoir in 2D Perovskites
Authors: Gan Zhixing , Wen Xiaoming , Zhou Chunhua , Chen Weijian , Zheng Fei , Yang Shuang , Davis Jeffrey A. , Tapping Patrick C. , Kee Tak W. , Zhang Hua , Jia Baohua 
Published: August 2019

Abstract2D Ruddlesden−Popper type perovskites have attracted enormous attention due to their natural multiquantum‐well structure. However, there is still mystery regarding the behavior of photocarriers, especially the exciton fine structure behind the excellent optoelectronic performance. The coexistence of two strikingly different decay components in time‐resolved photoluminescence is inconsistent with the high internal quantum yield (QYIN = ≈0.7) in the conventional model for radiative and nonradiative recombinations (QYIN = τnr/(τnr + τr) = 17%). Here it is revealed that there is a special transient energy reservoir outcompeting nonradiative loss in 2D Ruddlesden−Popper type perovskites. Upon optical excitation, the bright excitons rapidly relax into the low‐lying energy reservoir before nonradiative recombination occurs. Interestingly, the energy in the reservoir is not lost. The carriers in this energy reservoir can spontaneously transfer back to the bright states and can still effectively contribute to the photovoltaic and photonic properties of the perovskites. This investigation provides a novel insight into the mechanism for the lauded defect tolerance of 2D perovskites by highly efficient energy storage via a transient reservoir.
Probing the Spatial Heterogeneity of Carrier Relaxation Dynamics in CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Thin Films with Femtosecond Time‐Resolved Nonlinear Optical Microscopy
Authors: Yu Jin , Li Zhongguo , Liao Yuheng , Kolodziej Charles , Kuyuldar Seher , Warren Warren S. , Burda Clemens , Fischer Martin C. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe spatial heterogeneity of carrier dynamics in polycrystalline metal halide perovskite (MHP) thin films has a strong influence on photovoltaic device performance; however, the underlying cause is not yet clearly understood. Here, the sub‐micrometer scale mapping of charge carrier dynamics in CH3NH3PbI3 thin films using time‐resolved nonlinear optical microscopy, specifically transient absorption microscopy (TAM) with sub‐picosecond (ps) and time‐resolved photoluminescence (PL) microscopy with nanosecond temporal resolution is reported. To study the influence of physical morphology on charge carrier dynamics, MHP thin films having granular‐ and fibrous structures are investigated. On both types of films, spatial regions with short‐lived transient gain signals (fast nonradiative relaxation within ≈1 ps) typically show slower charge recombination via radiative relaxation, which is attributed to the presence of additional energy states near the band edge. In addition, fibrous films show longer PL lifetimes. Interestingly, the functional contrast shown in TAM images exhibits fundamental differences from the structural contrast shown in scanning electron microscopy images, implying that the variation of trap density in the bulk contributes to the observed spatial heterogeneity in carrier dynamics.
Thiocarbamate‐Directed ortho C−H Bond Alkylation with Diazo Compounds
Authors: Jin Shengnan , Chen Zhan , Zhao Yingwei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe herein report a rhodium catalysed insertion of C(sp2)−H bond into diazo derived carbenes directed by a thiocarbamate group. This reaction provides a direct and efficient pathway to the ortho alkylation of phenol derivatives with a broad substrate scope. The C−H activation process is accomplished through a reversible electrophilic rhodation.magnified image
Decreased Synthesis Costs and Waste Product Toxicity for Lead Sulfide Quantum Dot Ink Photovoltaics
Authors: Moody Nicole , Yoon Dasol , Johnson Anna , Wassweiler Ella , Nasilowski Michel , Bulović Vladimir , Bawendi Moungi G. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractUse of lead sulfide (PbS) colloidal quantum dot (QD) films as photoactive layers in photovoltaic (PV) devices typically requires replacement of native QD ligands with lead‐based capping ligands (i.e., PbX2, X = Br, I) for the best‐performing QD PVs. This ligand replacement process often requires additional solvents and toxic reagents. In the present study, an alternative PbS QD PV fabrication method with a lead‐free tetrabutylammonium iodide (TBAI) ligand source and lower material requirements and toxicity is demonstrated, yielding 10% power conversion efficient PVs with more than 1000 h of storage stability under ambient conditions. Evaluation of the economic and toxicological benefits of this new ligand exchange protocol reveals a 72% reduction in synthesis costs, an 80% reduction in solvent volumes, and a nearly 250‐fold reduction in lead waste generated compared to the previous PbX2‐based protocol for highest‐performing QD PVs. Most significantly, it is shown that unencapsulated PbS QD PVs made from this TBAI method leach less lead than U.S. Environmental Protection Agency limits and thus do not require hazardous waste disposal at the end of life. This finding implies a further decrease in expected device costs, extending progress toward large‐scale production of commercial PbS QD PVs with low environmental risk.