bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Renal Denervation Reduced Ventricular Arrhythmia After Myocardial Infarction by Inhibiting Sympathetic Activity and Remodeling
Authors: Zhang Wen‐hui , Zhou Qi‐na , Lu Yan‐mei , Li Yao‐dong , Zhang Ling , Zhang Jiang‐hua , Xing Qiang , Lv Wen‐kui , Cheng Xin‐chun , Zhang Ge‐ge , Wang Xue‐sheng , Gu Qi , Lou Xue , Guli Buajier , Tang Bao‐peng , Zhou Xian‐hui 
Published: October 2018

Background
Ventricular arrhythmia after myocardial infarction is the most important risk factor for sudden cardiac death, which poses a serious threat to human health. As the correlation between autonomic nervous systemic dysfunction and heart rhythm abnormality has been gradually revealed, remedies targeting autonomic nervous system dysfunction, especially the sympathetic nerve, have emerged. Among them, renal denervation is noted for its powerful effect on the inhibition of sympathetic nerve activity. We aim to investigate whether renal denervation can reduce ventricular arrhythmia after myocardial infarction and thus decrease the risk of sudden cardiac death. In addition, we explore the potential mechanism with respect to nerve activity and remodeling.

Methods and Results
Twenty‐four beagles were randomized into the control (n=4), renal denervation (n=10), and sham (n=10) groups. Permanent left anterior descending artery ligation was performed to establish myocardial infarction in the latter 2 groups. Animals in the renal denervation group underwent both surgical and chemical renal denervation. Compared with dogs in the sham group, dogs in the renal denervation group demonstrated attenuated effective refractory period shortening and inhomogeneity, flattened restitution curve, increased ventricular threshold, and decreased ventricular arrhythmia. Heart rate variability assessment, catecholamine measurement, and nerve discharge recordings all indicated that renal denervation could reduce whole‐body and local tissue sympathetic tone. Tissue analysis revealed a significant decrease in neural remodeling in both the heart and stellate ganglion.

Conclusions
Surgical and chemical renal denervation decreased whole‐body and local tissue sympathetic activity and reversed neural remodeling in the heart and stellate ganglion. Consequently, renal denervation led to beneficial remodeling of the electrophysiological characteristics in the infarction border zone, translating to a decrease in ventricular arrhythmia after myocardial infarction.
Incidence of Cancer Treatment–Induced Arrhythmia Associated With Novel Targeted Chemotherapeutic Agents
Authors: Nickel Andrew C. , Patel Akshar , Saba Nabil F. , Leon Angel R. , El‐Chami Mikhael F. , Merchant Faisal M. 
Published: October 2018

Background

The incidence of cancer treatment–induced arrhythmia (
CTIA
) associated with novel, targeted chemotherapeutic agents (
TCA
s) has not been well described.

Methods and Results

We identified all patients treated at our institution from January 2010 to December 2015 with selected
TCA
s. We defined
CTIA
as any new arrhythmia diagnosis code within 6 months after treatment initiation. As a comparison, we also identified patients treated with anthracycline chemotherapy during the same period. We identified 5026 patients, of whom 2951 (58.7%) received
TCA
s and 2075 (41.3%) received anthracycline chemotherapy. In the overall cohort, 601 patients (12.0%) developed
CTIA
. Patients with
CTIA
were significantly older and more likely to have hypertension, diabetes mellitus, congestive heart failure, coronary disease, and sleep apnea. The incidence of
CTIA
at 6 months was significantly lower in the
TCA
group (9.3% versus 15.8%;
P
<0.001). In multivariate analysis, a history of hypertension (hazard ratio, 1.63; 95% confidence interval, 1.34–1.98), congestive heart failure (hazard ratio, 2.12; 95% confidence interval, 1.78–2.68), and male sex (hazard ratio, 1.25; 95% confidence interval, 1.06–1.47) were associated with a significantly increased risk of
CTIA
, whereas treatment with
TCA
s, compared with anthracycline chemotherapy, was associated with a significantly lower risk (hazard ratio, 0.60; 95% confidence interval, 0.51–0.71).

Conclusions
Compared with anthracyclines, treatment with TCAs was associated with an ≈40% reduced risk of new‐onset arrhythmia diagnoses during the first 6 months of treatment.
Dense Associative Memory Is Robust to Adversarial Inputs
Authors: Krotov Dmitry , Hopfield John 
Published: October 2018

Deep neural networks (DNNs) trained in a supervised way suffer from two known problems. First, the minima of the objective function used in learning correspond to data points (also known as rubbish examples or fooling images) that lack semantic similarity with the training data. Second, a clean input can be changed by a small, and often imperceptible for human vision, perturbation so that the resulting deformed input is misclassified by the network. These findings emphasize the differences between the ways DNNs and humans classify patterns and raise a question of designing learning algorithms that more accurately mimic human perception compared to the existing methods. Our article examines these questions within the framework of dense associative memory (DAM) models. These models are defined by the energy function, with higher-order (higher than quadratic) interactions between the neurons. We show that in the limit when the power of the interaction vertex in the energy function is sufficiently large, these models have the following three properties. First, the minima of the objective function are free from rubbish images, so that each minimum is a semantically meaningful pattern. Second, artificial patterns poised precisely at the decision boundary look ambiguous to human subjects and share aspects of both classes that are separated by that decision boundary. Third, adversarial images constructed by models with small power of the interaction vertex, which are equivalent to DNN with rectified linear units, fail to transfer to and fool the models with higher-order interactions. This opens up the possibility of using higher-order models for detecting and stopping malicious adversarial attacks. The results we present suggest that DAMs with higher-order energy functions are more robust to adversarial and rubbish inputs than DNNs with rectified linear units.
Validity Threats in Quantitative Data Collection With Games: A Narrative Survey
Authors: Gundry David , Deterding Sebastian 
Published: October 2018

Background. Games are increasingly used to collect scientific data. Some suggest that game features like high cognitive load may limit the inferences we can draw from such data, yet no systematic overview exists of potential validity threats of game-based methods. Aim. We present a narrative survey of documented and potential threats to validity in using games for quantitative data collection. Method. We combined an unsystematic bottom-up literature review with a systematic top-down application of standard validity threat typologies to games to arrive at a systematisation of game-characteristic validity threats. Results. We identify three game characteristics that potentially impact validity: Games are complex systems, impeding the predictable control and isolation of treatments. They are rich in unwanted variance and diversity. And their social framing can differ from and interact with the framing of research studies or non-game situations they are supposed to represent. The diversity of gamers and their differences to general populations bring further complications. Discussion and Conclusions. The wealth of potential validity threats in game-based research is met by a dearth of systematic methodological studies, leading us to outline several future research directions.
Simultaneous calibration and inversion algorithm for multiconfiguration electromagnetic induction data acquired at multiple elevations
Authors: Tan Xihe , Mester Achim , von Hebel Christian , Zimmermann Egon , Vereecken Harry , van Waasen Stefan , van der Kruk Jan 
Published: October 2018

Electromagnetic induction (EMI) is a contactless and fast geophysical measurement technique. Frequency-domain EMI systems are available as portable rigid booms with fixed separations up to approximately 4 m between the transmitter and the receivers. These EMI systems are often used for high-resolution characterization of the upper subsurface meters (up to depths of approximately 1.5 times the maximum coil separation). The availability of multiconfiguration EMI systems, which measure multiple apparent electrical conductivity ([Formula: see text]) values of different but overlapping soil volumes, enables EMI data inversions to estimate electrical conductivity ([Formula: see text]) changes with depth. However, most EMI systems currently do not provide absolute [Formula: see text] values, but erroneous shifts occur due to calibration problems, which hinder a reliable inversion of the data. Instead of using physical soil data or additional methods to calibrate the EMI data, we have used an efficient and accurate simultaneous calibration and inversion approach to avoid a possible bias of other methods while reducing the acquisition time for the calibration. By measuring at multiple elevations above the ground surface using a multiconfiguration EMI system, we simultaneously obtain multiplicative and additive calibration factors for each coil configuration plus an inverted layered subsurface electrical conductivity model at the measuring location. Using synthetic data, we verify our approach. Experimental data from five different calibration positions along a transect line showed similar calibration results as the data obtained by more elaborate vertical electrical sounding reference measurements. The synthetic and experimental results demonstrate that the multielevation calibration and inversion approach is a promising tool for quantitative electrical conductivity analyses.
The impact of a quality improvement skills-building programme on self-efficacy
Authors: Tweed Alison , Gilbert Lucy 
Published: October 2018

Background: The Quality and Service Improvement Redesign Practitioner programme is a five-day action-based educational programme for UK healthcare and NHS professionals delivered by the ACT Academy of NHS Improvement. The programme provides a grounding in improvement science for participants undertaking projects in real time. Aims: The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of the programme upon participant's self-efficacy. Methods: The General Self-Efficacy scale was given to participants on the first and last day of the Quality and Service Improvement Redesign Practitioner programme, covering a four-month time frame. In total, 108 healthcare participants from four cohorts of the programme completed the measure. Results: A one-tailed t-test showed that self-reported self-efficacy scores significantly increased from the start to the end of the programme. Conclusions: The results provide positive evidence for the impact of the programme upon self-reported self-efficacy for those actively engaged in quality improvement work in healthcare.
Blood sampling guidelines with focus on patient safety and identification – a review
Authors: Cornes Michael , Ibarz Mercedes , Ivanov Helene , Grankvist Kjell 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
It has been well documented over recent years that the preanalytical phase is a leading contributor to errors in the total testing process (TTP). There has however been great progress made in recent years due to the exponential growth of working groups specialising in the field. Patient safety is clearly at the forefront of any healthcare system and any reduction in errors at any stage will improve patient safety. Venous blood collection is a key step in the TTP, and here we review the key errors that occur in venous phlebotomy process and summarise the evidence around their significance to patient safety. Recent studies have identified that patient identification and tube labelling are the steps that carry the highest risk with regard to patient safety. Other studies have shown that in 16.1% of cases, patient identification is incorrectly performed and that 56% of patient identification errors are due to poor labelling practice. We recommend that patient identification must be done using open questions and ideally three separate pieces of information. Labelling of the tube or linking the identity of the patient to the tube label electronically must be done in the presence of the patient whether it is before or after sampling. Combined this will minimise any chance of patient misidentification.
Grape Pips from Etruscan and Roman Cetamura del Chianti: On Stratigraphy, Literary Sources and Pruning Hooks
Authors: de Grummond Nancy T. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Recently an article appeared raising some issues about the interpretation of grape pips that were excavated at Cetamura del Chianti by the present writer (2012-14). This commentary makes suggestions concerning the arguments in that article with reference to 1) stratigraphy at the site; 2) literary sources on Etruscan viticulture; and 3) the use of the pruning hook by the Etruscans. The present article makes a contribution to the study of Etruscan viticulture by assembling an appendix on actual pruning hooks that have been discovered in Italy dating from the Late Bronze Age down to the second century B. C. E., as well as an appendix on representations of a youth holding the pruning hook in Etruscan art, mainly from the fourth and third centuries B. C. E.
The Unbearable Errorlessness of Global Poverty Estimates
Authors: Moatsos Michail 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
In October 2015 the World Bank initiated the Atkinson Commission on Global Poverty seeking advise on (1) keeping the international poverty line (iPL) constant in real terms, and (2) what else the Bank should make available to complement the dollar-a-day estimates. The Commission’s Report bears a set of 21 key recommendations, largely covering the most important voiced worries of the research community over the Bank’s methods and estimates. In response the Bank adopted fully and unconditionally only one–out of ten–recommendations regarding point one above, and three–out of nine–recommendations to the second point. In addition the Bank accepted one of the two overarching recommendations. Among the remaining 16 sidelined or partially accepted recommendations lies arguably the most obvious and important one: the urge that the Bank publishes the error terms of its estimates. Without them these estimates are supported by little else other than the administrative authority of the Bank.
Imperial Monetary Policy and Social Reaction in Third Century Rome
Authors: Kallmes Kevin 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
In the third century AD, under the pressure of plagues, external invasion, rising army costs, and usurpation, the Roman emperors incrementally debased the silver coinage that was produced at their imperial mints and incrementally took over civic mints. The debasement, from 2.7 g of silver to 0.04 g of silver in the equivalent of a denarius from 160–274 ad, was accompanied by worries from emperors, mint-workers, and bankers about the value of the currency; however, the total loss of purchasing power of the Roman coinage from the same era was 50–70 %, far less than would be expected from the change in metallic content, if it were the primary source of value. The currency reform of Aurelian in 274 ad, despite raising metallic values of coins, was followed by at least a 90 % reduction in the purchasing power of the silver coinage from 274–301 ad, the year of Diocletian’s Edict on Maximum Prices, showing a paradoxically inverse relationship between metallic value and purchasing power.
Based on this quandary, I argue that the Roman silver coinage of the third century CE became a fiat currency in some respects, deriving its guarantee from imperial iconography and assurances rather than from bullion value. The fiat nature of the silver coinage was largely present in usage as a medium of exchange for those without as much long-term interest in maintaining liquid stores of value; this is indicated by the differential debasement of the denarius and aureus; imperial actions and hoarding practices indicate the extent to which the currency was accepted at nominal value. I examine the reactions of different social groups in order to determine the perceived value of the Roman coinage during this time, and in order to understand the paradoxical collapse in the currency’s value in the late third century.
To demonstrate this, I will present the applicable elements of the modern concept of “fiat” to this context through portrayal of emperors and usurpers on coins, use coin hoard data to determine the effect of Gresham’s Law, and examine historical and papyrological accounts of currency reforms. I will also use evidence of the expansion of taxes in kind and the rejection of nominal value by both emperor and subjects to argue that the inflation following Aurelian’s reform resulted from an invalidation of the trust in imperial fiat.
A case-study in historical sociolinguistics beyond Europe: Reconstructing patterns of multilingualism in a linguistic community in Siberia
Authors: Khanina Olesya , Meyerhoff Miriam 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA collection of traditional and ‘old life’ stories recorded in the late 1940s is used to reconstruct the sociolinguistic situation of the Enets community in Northern Siberia from the 1850s until the 1930s. The Enets had regular contacts with a number of neighbouring indigenous peoples (Nganasans, Tundra Nenets, Selkups, Evenkis, Dolgans) and later with Russian newcomers. The oral histories often comment on language use, and as a result we can reconstruct not only the languages that the Enets people used in this period, but also the contexts in which they used them. The Enets community’s multilingualism was typically characterized by command of key neighbouring languages, with the occasional command of other more (geographically and socially) remote ones. With close neighbours, language choice seems to have had limited social load, while in cases of trade or agonistic contact, the choice of language in interethnic communication seems to have followed a principle of asymmetric convergence towards the language of the party with the greatest contextual social power. The analysis is founded on a database of dozens of communicative events mentioned in the oral stories (over 50 are analyzed). Ongoing fieldwork on the modern sociolinguistic situation suggests that until quite recently there was considerable stability in the sociolinguistic norms governing multilingual interaction among the Enets.
Comparative variationism for the study of language change: five centuries of competition amongst Spanish deontic periphrases
Authors: Blas Arroyo José Luis 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBased on a corpus composed entirely of texts close to the pole of communicative immediacy, mainly private letters from the sixteenth, eighteenth and twentieth centuries (c. 1960), this paper analyses the results of a variationist study on the historical evolution undergone by the Spanish modal periphrases with three distinct auxiliary verbs (haber, tener, deber). Using the heuristic tools of the comparative method, the data show that variation has been constrained by a handful of common factor groups over almost five centuries. Nonetheless, with the odd exception, these factors have conditioned each verb in a different way. Moreover, the sense of this variation changes as time goes by, with especially relevant reorganisation in the first part of the twentieth century. Furthermore, there is a notable association between these constraints and the degree of markedness and the frequency of the conditioning contexts, giving support to a usage-based approach to language change in which cognitive processes such as entrenchment play a decisive role. These data also allow a particular profile to be traced for each modal verb in the history of Spanish, in whichtenerandhaberfinally undergo a complementary distribution, whereasdeberfollows a different pattern. After several centuries of stagnation,tenerbecomes the star in the deontic firmament of spontaneous communication, diffusing abruptly as a change from below in the twentieth century, and replacinghaber, which had been the unmarked variant for centuries.
Separators and electrolytes for rechargeable batteries: Fundamentals and perspectives
Authors: Nestler Tina , Roedern Elsa , Uvarov Nikolai F. , Hanzig Juliane , Antonio Elia Giuseppe , de Vivanco Mateo 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Separators and electrolytes provide electronic blockage and ion permeability between the electrodes in electrochemical cells. Nowadays, their performance and cost is often even more crucial to the commercial use of common and future electrochemical cells than the chosen electrode materials. Hence, at the present, many efforts are directed towards finding safe and reliable solid electrolytes or liquid electrolyte/separator combinations. With this comprehensive review, the reader is provided with recent approaches on this field and the fundamental knowledge that can be helpful to understand and push forward the developments of new electrolytes for rechargeable batteries. After presenting different types of separators as well as the main hurdles that are associated with them, this work focuses on promising material classes and concepts for next-generation batteries. First, chemical and crystallographic concepts and models for the description and improvement of the ionic conductivity of bulk and composite solid electrolytes are outlined. To demonstrate recent perspectives, research highlights have been included in this work: magnesium borohydride-based complexes for solid-state Mg batteries as well as all-in-one rechargeable SrTiO3 single-crystal energy storage. Furthermore, ionic liquids pose a promising safe alternative for future battery cells. An overview on their basic principles and use is given, demonstrating their applicability for Li-ion systems as well as for so-called post-Li chemistries, such as Mg- and Al-ion batteries.
Electrochemical and thermodynamic properties of U4+and U3+on Mo electrode in LiCl-KCl eutectic
Authors: Lin Ru-Shan , Wang You-Qun , Meng Zhao-Kai , Chen Hui , Jia Yan-Hong , He Hui , Ye Guo-An 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this study, UCl4was prepared by the reaction of HCl gas with UO2in the LiCl-KCl eutectic. Then, the electrochemical behavior of U4+and U3+on a Mo cathode was investigated by various electrochemical techniques. The reduction process of U4+was regarded as two steps: U4++e=U3+; U3++3e=U. Diffusion coefficients of U4+and U3+, the apparent standard potential of U4+/U3+, U3+/U as well as U4+/U in the LiCl-KCl molten salt on the Mo electrode was determined by numerous electrochemical methods. The thermodynamic functions of formation of Gibbs free energy of UCl4and UCl3are calculated as well.