bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stuck in the middle: Ideology, valence and the electoral failures of centrist parties
Authors: Zur Roi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn recent years centrist-liberal parties, such as the German Free Democratic Party (FDP) in 2013 and the British Liberal Democrats in 2015 and 2017, suffered enormous electoral defeats. These defeats highlight a prominent puzzle in the study of party competition and voting behavior; the empty center phenomenon. That is, empirical evidence suggests that most parties do not converge to the median voter's position, despite the centripetal force of the voters’ preference distribution. Using survey data from Canada, Finland, Germany and the United Kingdom, this article shows that deterioration of centrist parties’ valence image is followed by a collapse of their vote shares. Using mathematical simulations, this article shows that centrist parties have limited strategic opportunities to regain their support. Differently from other parties, centrist parties cannot alter their policy platforms to compensate for their deteriorated valence image. These results have important implications for political representation and voters–elite linkages.
Female Labor and Power in East Germany, 1945–1948
Authors: Pritchard Gareth 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPower in the workplace is almost always conceptualized in terms of the line-management hierarchy. Managers are said to sit at the “top” of the pyramid, whilst shop-floor workers are located at the “bottom.” The language that we use to describe the social organization of the workplace is saturated with words that assign people to ranks within hierarchies. Scholarly analysis of the sociology of the workplace takes the pyramidality of power as a given. This article, by contrast, argues that it is more useful to see power in the workplace as a dynamic but horizontal matrix within which the distribution of power is continually in flux. If we are to understand the workplace experiences of any specific social group, it is necessary to reconstruct the position of that group relative to the overall system of power relations within the matrix, and not just to individual kinds of power relationship. To demonstrate the point, this article explores the case study of female workers in the Soviet zone of occupied Germany. Between 1945 and 1948, the experiences of women on the shop floor in East Germany were shaped by wider trends in the distribution of power. These included the transfer of power from German nationals to Soviet occupiers, the devolution of power from the center to the periphery and from the manager's office to workers on the shop floor, and the shift of relative power from wage earners to black marketeers. To make sense of the contradictory experiences of female workers, we must situate them in the context of wider shifts in, and conflicts over, the distribution of power within a matrix.
Alcohol solvothermal reduction for commercial P25 to harvest weak visible light and fabrication of the resulting floating photocatalytic spheres
Authors: Wang Ting , Li Yao , Pan Jia-hao , Zhang Yan-ling , Wu Li-guang , Dong Chun-ying , Li Chun-juan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this study, to fabricate stable floating photocatalytic spheres, facile alcohol solvothermal reduction was first employed to modify commercial TiO2 (P25) photocatalysts to harvest visible light and improve their performances for photodegrading phenol in seawater exciting by visible light. Floating photocatalytic spheres were then prepared by loading reduced P25 photocatalysts on inner and outer surfaces of acrylic hollow spheres. The structural characterizations showed that reduction of P25 introduced disorder–crystalline shell–core structures with present Ti3+ in reduced P25 photocatalysts. These features facilitated visible light response and phenol degradation in seawater under visible light irradiation. As reduction time or temperature of alcohol solvothermal process rose, more Ti3+ and shell–core structures were introduced into reduced P25, resulting in higher performances towards phenol degradation in seawater. However, extended periods of time and elevated temperatures decreased disordered layer of reduced P25, deteriorating the photocatalytic performances. Thanks to good light transmission of the hollow spheres and the high performance of the reduced P25, the photocatalytic performances of spheres loaded with reduced P25 could effectively degrade phenol in seawater even at low concentrations. The removal rate of phenol by floating spheres reached more than 95% after 8 h. In addition, the floating spheres displayed good stability and convenient reusability after six repeated photocatalytic degradation for phenol in seawater, promising features for future treatment of organic pollutants in oceans.
Parsing the Flanker task to reveal behavioral and oscillatory correlates of unattended conflict interference
Authors: Brunetti Marcella , Zappasodi Filippo , Croce Pierpaolo , Di Matteo Rosalia 
Published: September 2019

AbstractStimulus-Response conflict is generated by an overlap between stimulus and response dimensions, but the intrinsic nature of this interaction is not yet deeply clarified. In this study, using a modified Eriksen flanker task, we have investigated how flankers have to be incongruent to target in order to produce an interference and whether and how this interference interacts with the one produced by Stimulus features overlap. To these aims, an Eriksen-like task employing oriented hands\arrows has been designed to distinguish between two types of Stimulus-Response (S-R) interferences: one derived by a short-term association and one based on automatic processes. Stimulus-Stimulus (S-S) conflict has been also included in the same factorial design. Behavioral, Event Related Potential (ERP) and oscillatory activity data have been measured. Results revealed distinct S-S and automatic S-R effects on behavioral performance. ERP and Theta band power modulation results suggested an early frontal S-S conflict processing followed by a posterior simultaneous S-S and automatic S-R conflict processing. These findings provide evidence that, in presence of different conflicts, the sequence of stimulus identification and response selection could not move forward in a linear serial direction, but it may involve further effort, mirrored in posterior late components and response time prolongation.
Functional variation in the Spoken BNC2014 and the potential for register analysis
Authors: Love Robbie , Brezina Vaclav , McEnery Tony , Hawtin Abi , Hardie Andrew , Dembry Claire 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This article focuses on how register considerations informed and guided the design of the spoken component of the
British National Corpus 2014 (Spoken BNC2014). It discusses why the compilers of the corpus sought to gather recordings from just
one broad spoken register – ‘informal conversation’ – and how this and other design decisions afforded contributors to the corpus
much freedom with regards to the selection of situational contexts for the recordings. This freedom resulted in a high level of
diversity in the corpus for situational parameters such as recording location and activity type,
each of which was captured in the corpus metadata. Focussing on these parameters, this article provides evidence for functional
variation among the texts in the corpus and suggests that differences such as those observed presently could be analysable within
the existing frameworks for analysis of register variation in spoken and written language, such as multidimensional analysis.
Syntgen: a system to generate temporal networks with user-specified topology
Authors: Pereira Luis Ramada , Lopes Rui J , Louçã Jorge 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn the last few years, the study of temporal networks has progressed markedly. The evolution of clusters of nodes (or communities) is one of the major focus of these studies. However, the time dimension increases complexity, introducing new constructs and requiring novel and enhanced algorithms. In spite of recent improvements, the relative scarcity of timestamped representations of empiric networks, with known ground truth, hinders algorithm validation. A few approaches have been proposed to generate synthetic temporal networks that conform to static topological specifications while in general adopting an ad hoc approach to temporal evolution. We believe there is still a need for a principled synthetic network generator that conforms to problem domain topological specifications from a static as well as temporal perspective. Here, we present such a system. The unique attributes of our system include accepting arbitrary node degree and cluster size distributions and temporal evolution under user control, while supporting tunable joint distribution and temporal correlation of node degrees. Theoretical contributions include the analysis of conditions for graphic sequences of inter- and intracluster node degrees and cluster sizes and the development of a heuristic to search for the cluster membership of nodes that minimizes the shared information distance between clusterings. Our work shows that this system is capable of generating networks under user controlled topology with up to thousands of nodes and hundreds of clusters with strong topology adherence. Much larger networks are possible with relaxed requirements. The generated networks support algorithm validation as well as problem domain analysis.
Effects of different levels of solar radiation and depth-varying vertical diffusion on the dynamics of a reaction–diffusion NPZ model
Authors: Cowall Seth T , Oliver Matthew J , Cook L Pamela 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Although the effects of solar radiation, diffusion and mixed layer depths on plankton populations have been studied extensively, it is not intuitive what the equilibrium states of a plankton system should be in the absence of seasonal forcing, nor what are the prime determiners of the attracting equilibrium states. In this study, the linear stability of a nutrient–phytoplankton–zooplankton (NPZ) model in reaction–diffusion form is analyzed to understand how solar radiation, diffusion and mixed layer depth influence the predicted equilibrium states. We incorporate parameters that control the response of the phytoplankton growth rate to solar radiation, control the depth of the upper mixed layer and control the strength of the diffusion. The combined effect of the constant in time parameters for these quantities is shown to significantly influence the stability properties of the NPZ reaction–diffusion model. In our parameter range, we find that diffusion and light are stronger determinants of the equilibrium state than mixed layer depth. This linear stability study gives insight into how these quantities affect the stability states of marine planktonic ecosystems and reinforces the importance of understanding light and upper mixed layer turbulence as important factors in determining the state of the plankton system.
An immersive clinical experience to create sustainable clinical learning opportunities for nurse practitioner students
Authors: Davis Lindsay , Fathman Amy , Colella Christine 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
A significant increase in nurse practitioner program enrollment has resulted in a critical need for committed preceptors willing to offer clinical learning opportunities for students. Academic practice partnerships have been proposed as a strategy to address the preceptorship crisis. This project evaluated the impact of a longitudinal immersive clinical experience designed for nurse practitioner students in collaboration with two federally qualified health centers and an underserved clinic within an academic health center. The study used a pre- and postsurvey method to determine the impact of an immersive clinical experience on preceptor perceptions of benefits and rewards, support, and commitment to the role. A statistically significant increase in preceptor perception of support was noted in three areas. Participants reported increased opportunity to share information with other preceptors, improved support from nursing faculty to help identify students' performance problems, and greater clarity in faculty responsibilities related to the preceptor role. Increases in perceptions of benefits and rewards and commitment to the preceptor role did not reach statistical significance. Immersive clinical experiences have the potential to improve the levels of preceptor support, commitment, and perceived opportunities for benefits and rewards, which may facilitate the development of high-quality, sustainable clinical learning opportunities for nurse practitioner students.
Emergency Department Use After Outpatient Surgery Among Dually Enrolled VA and Medicare Patients
Authors: Mull Hillary J. , Rosen Amy K. , Charns Martin P. , O'Brien William J. , Hawn Mary T. , Itani Kamal M. F. , Pizer Steven D. 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Emergency department (ED) use following outpatient surgery may be associated with a surgery-related patient safety problem. We characterized ED use within 7 days of general, urology, orthopedic, ear/nose/throat, and podiatry surgical procedures and assessed factors associated with these visits by specialty.

Methods:
We calculated the 2011-2013 postoperative ED visit rate for Veterans older than 65 years dually enrolled in the Veterans Health Administration (VA) and Medicare, examined diagnoses, and used logistic regression to model patient, procedure, and facility factors associated with ED care.

Results:
Among 63 279 outpatient surgical procedures, 2778 (4.4%) resulted in an ED visit within 7 days; 23% of these were to non-VA facilities. Rates varied from more than 5% for urology and ear/nose/throat, to less than 3% for orthopedic and podiatry specialties. Genitourinary symptoms and surgical complications were common diagnoses across specialties. No patient, procedure, or facility factors were associated with ED use for every specialty.

Conclusions:
A small proportion of VA outpatient surgical procedures result in ED use. Notably, nearly one-fourth of the postoperative ED visits may be missed by the VA because they occur in non-VA facilities. ED visits for urinary issues or surgical complications may be preventable; however, factors associated with ED use vary by specialty, suggesting different approaches may be needed to improve outcomes.
Procedural Surgical RCTs in Daily Practice
Authors: Oberkofler Christian E. , Hamming Jacob F. , Staiger Roxane D. , Brosi Philippe , Biondo Sebastiano , Farges Olivier , Legemate Dink A. , Morino Mario , Pinna Antonio D. , Pinto-Marques Hugo , Reynolds John V. , Campos Ricardo Robles , Rogiers Xavier , Soreide Kjetil , Puhan Milo A. , Clavien Pierre-Alain , Rinkes Inne Borel 
Published: September 2019

Objective:
To assess the adoption of recommendation from randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and investigate factors favoring or preventing adoption.

Background:
RCT are considered to be the cornerstone of evidence-based medicine by representing the highest level of evidence. As such, we expect RCT's recommendations to be followed rigorously in daily surgical practice.

Methods:
We performed a structured search for RCTs published in the medical and surgical literature from 2009 to 2013, allowing a minimum of 5-year follow-up to convincingly test implementation. We focused on comparative technical or procedural RCTs trials addressing the domains of general, colorectal, hepatobiliary, upper gastrointestinal and vascular surgery. In a second step we composed a survey of 29 questions among ESA members as well as collaborators from their institutions to investigate the adoption of surgical RCTs recommendation.

Results:
The survey based on 36 RCTs (median 5-yr citation index 85 (24–474), from 21 different countries, published in 15 high-ranked journals with a median impact factor of 3.3 (1.23–7.9) at the time of publication. Overall, less than half of the respondents (47%) appeared to adhere to the recommendations of a specific RCT within their field of expertise, even when included in formal guidelines. Adoption of a new surgical practice was favored by watching videos (46%) as well as assisting live operations (18%), while skepticism regarding the methodology of a surgical RCT (40%) appears to be the major reason to resist adoption.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, surgical RCTs appear to have moderate impact on daily surgical practice. While RCTs are still accepted to provide the highest level of evidence, alternative methods of evaluating surgical innovations should also be explored.
Semantic annotation and harvesting of federated scholarly data using ontologies
Authors: Koutsomitropoulos Dimitrios A. 
Published: September 2019

PurposeEffective synthesis of learning material is a multidimensional problem, which often relies on handpicking approaches and human expertise. Sources of educational content exist in a variety of forms, each offering proprietary metadata information and search facilities. This paper aims to show that it is possible to harvest scholarly resources from various repositories of open educational resources (OERs) in a federated manner. In addition, their subject can be automatically annotated using ontology inference and standard thematic terminologies.Design/methodology/approachBased on a semantic interpretation of their metadata, authors can align external collections and maintain them in a shared knowledge pool known as the Learning Object Ontology Repository (LOOR). The author leverages the LOOR and show that it is possible to search through various educational repositories’ metadata and amalgamate their semantics into a common learning object (LO) ontology. The author then proceeds with automatic subject classification of LOs using keyword expansion and referencing standard taxonomic vocabularies for thematic classification, expressed in SKOS.FindingsThe approach for automatic subject classification simply takes advantage of the implicit information in the searching and selection process and combines them with expert knowledge in the domain of reference (SKOS thesauri). This is shown to improve recall by a considerable factor, while precision remains unaffected.Originality/valueTo the best of the author’s knowledge, the idea of subject classification of LOs through the reuse of search query terms combined with SKOS-based matching and expansion has not been investigated before in a federated scholarly setting.
Simulation of effect of counterface roughness on the friction transfer and wear of PTFE sliding against steel
Authors: Xie Ting , Lai Junjie , Yang Huaping 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to simulate the effect of counterface roughness on the friction transfer and wear of the polymer material sliding against steel.

Design/methodology/approach
The dynamic process of friction transfer and wear of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) sliding against steel 45 was simulated by the software of particle flow code in two dimensions and a discrete element method. The effect of the counterface roughness was considered in the simulation. The definitions of the transferred particle and worn particle were given.

Findings
The simulation results showed that a transferred particle layer was formed on the surface of steel 45 during friction. The wear rate of PTFE can be effectively reduced by the formation of the transferred particle layer. The formation and stability of this particle layer is certainly affected by the counterface roughness (Rz). In this paper, the transferred particle numbers increased with Rz increase. And so did the worn particle numbers. However, there was little effect of Rz on the wear rate of PTFE.

Originality/value
The dynamic process of the friction transfer and wear of the PTFE/ steel 45 friction pair was reproduced at the micro-level. Then, the transfer and wear were quantitatively exhibited. The relations between the transfer or wear and counterface roughness was simulated and discussed. It will be meaningful for the optimization and effective control of friction and wear of polymer/metal sliding system.
Understanding and predicting teachers’ intention to use cloud computing in smart education
Authors: Asadi Zoleixa , Abdekhoda Mohammadhiwa , Nadrian Haidar 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
Applying cloud computing (CC) in education is a great opportunity to globalize knowledge with the minimum costs and maximum accessibility. This study aims to understand and predict teacher intention to use cloud commuting as infrastructure in Smart education.

Design/methodology/approach
This was a cross-sectional study in which faculty members’ perception concerning CC services adoption in education were assessed based on the extended model of theory of planned behavior, by researcher-developed questionnaire (a = 0.9). Collected data were analyzed by regression analysis and the final model was tested by structural equation modeling.

Findings
Attitude towards the behavior, perceived behavior control and privacy; had direct and significant associations with faculty members’ intention to use CC. However, subjective norms (p = 0.311) and security (p = 0.505 ) were not significant predictors of intention to use CC.

Originality/value
The results of this study elucidate the critical factors associated with teacher’s behavioral intentions toward CC services and also serve as a valuable reference for education sector to plan for the better use of these services. The presented model can be considered as best practice framework for adapting cloud commuting as infrastructure in education. Applying CC services in education is great opportunity and should be subsequently the major concern of educational organizations. This study clearly identified significant and non-significant factors that should be considered when successful implementation on could computing services is in progress.
Implementation of electronic records management systems
Authors: Shonhe Liah , Grand Balulwami 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
Technology has influenced the implementation of electronic records management systems (ERMS) in government agencies. The high incidence of poor service delivery in government agencies is a key factor that has put pressure on the government to implement ERMS. Despite the potential benefits of implementing ERMS, the adoption and use of these programs has been slow and some systems have failed. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to assess how Tlokweng land board (TLB) implemented its electronic records management program using Kotter’s model and awareness, desire, knowledge, ability and reinforcement change model.

Design/methodology/approach
The study adopted a pragmatic paradigm and used a case study research design to collect data at TLB. The research made use of mixed methods approach to collect data using questionnaires, interviews and document reviews. Purposeful sampling was used to solicit data from 53 participants in the land board.

Findings
The findings of the study revealed that communication has been used as the most effective tool for managing change at TLB. However, TLB has not yet managed to reinforce the change implemented because of the lack of adequate training and motivation of change champions. Moreover, the change management team has little training on the change management framework produced by the Ministry of Lands and Housing.

Research limitations/implications
The study was limited to one land board in Botswana. Therefore, the findings may not be generalized to all land boards.

Originality/value
This is the first study to be conducted in Botswana that has assessed change management practices in the implementation of records management systems. This study therefore recommends adoption of the change management lens/framework by a records professional when implementing ERMS.