bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validity of Cardiorespiratory Fitness Measured with Fitbit Compared to V˙O2max
Authors: KLEPIN KATHARINE , WING DAVID , HIGGINS MICHAEL , NICHOLS JEANNE , GODINO JOB G. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTPurposeCardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), broadly defined as the body’s ability to utilize oxygen, is a well-established prognostic marker of health, but it is not routinely measured. This may be due to the difficulty of acquiring high-quality CRF measures. The purpose of this study was to independently determine the validity of the Fitbit Charge 2’s measure of CRF (Fitbit CRF).MethodsSixty-five healthy adults between the ages of 18 and 45 yr (55% female, 45% male) were recruited to undergo gold standard V˙O2maxtesting and wear a Fitbit Charge 2 continuously for 1 wk during which they were instructed to complete a qualifying outdoor run to derive the Fitbit CRF (units: mL·kg−1·min−1). This measure was compared with V˙O2maxmeasures (units: mL·kg−1·min−1) epoched at 15 and 60 s.ResultsBland–Altman analyses revealed that Fitbit CRF had a positive bias of 1.59 mL·kg−1·min−1compared with laboratory data epoched at 15 s and 0.30 mL·kg−1·min−1compared with data epoched at 60 s (n= 60).Fstatistics (2.09; 0.08) andPvalues (0.133; 0.926) from Bradley–Blackwood tests for the concordance of Fitbit CRF with 15- and 60-s laboratory data, respectively, support the null hypothesis of equal means and variances, indicating there is concordance between the two measures. Mean absolute percentage error was less than 10% for each comparison.ConclusionsThe Fitbit Charge 2 provides an acceptable level of validity when measuring CRF in young, healthy, and fit adults who are able to run. Further research is required to determine if it is a potentially useful tool in clinical practice and epidemiological research to quantify, categorize, and longitudinally track risk for adverse outcomes.
Influence of providing information to participants about development of trial outcomes on response rates and attitudes to questionnaire completion: Protocol for a study within a trial
Authors: Griffin Charlotte , Toomey Elaine , Queally Michelle , Hayes Catherine , Kearney Patricia M. , Matvienko-Sikar Karen 
Published: May 2019

Background: Issues with questionnaire completion introduce bias and limit examinations in trials. Improving communication with participants about trial processes, such as outcome and questionnaire development, may improve questionnaire completion and response rates. Providing information about the involvement of stakeholders in the development of core outcome sets (COS) measured in trials may improve responding by tapping into subjective norms and behaviour change mechanisms. The aim of this Study Within a Trial (SWAT) is to examine if questionnaire response rates and participants’ attitudes towards questionnaire completion are impacted by providing information about COS use in a trial of a complex intervention. Methods: This is a randomised, single-blinded, parallel group intervention SWAT, embedded within a feasibility trial of an infant feeding intervention to prevent childhood obesity. The SWAT intervention consists of a brief written description and explanation about the development and use of a COS of infant feeding outcomes to prevent childhood obesity, used in the trial. Participants are parents or caregivers of infants aged two months at questionnaire completion. Participants will be randomly assigned to receive the SWAT intervention prior to questionnaire completion (SWAT Intervention), or not (SWAT Comparator). The primary outcome of interest is response rates, which will be measured as proportion of questionnaire completion and individual item response rates. Participants’ attitudes will also be assessed using closed-ended and an open-ended question to evaluate participants’ attitudes about questionnaire completion. Discussion: We hypothesise that providing information about development and use of a COS will increase questionnaire response rates and attitudes toward questionnaire completion relative to the control condition. Findings will indicate the potential usefulness of this strategy for improving participant attitudes and response rates in trials. Trial Registration: This SWAT is registered on the Northern Ireland Hub for Trials Methodology: Research SWAT Repository ( SWAT57).
Impaired renal function in a rural Ugandan population cohort
Authors: Kalyesubula Robert , Hau Jeffrey P. , Asiki Gershim , Ssebunya Billy , Kusemererwa Sylvia , Seeley Janet , Smeeth Liam , Tomlinson Laurie A. , Newton Robert 
Published: May 2019

Background: Kidney disease is an important cause of morbidity and mortality globally. However, there are limited data on the prevalence of impaired kidney function in sub-Saharan Africa. We aimed to determine the prevalence of reduced kidney function and associated factors in a rural Ugandan population. Methods: We undertook a study of a representative sample of the General Population Cohort in South-western Uganda. We systematically collected data on cardiovascular disease risk factors, anthropometric measurements and blood tests including haemoglobin, HIV, HbA1c and serum creatinine. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the CKD-Epi equation, without the race component of the equation. Results: A total of 5,979/6,397 (93.5%) participants had valid creatinine results. The mean age was 39 years (Range:16-103 years) and 3,627 (60.7%) were female. HIV prevalence was 9.7% and about 40% of the population were pre-hypertensive or hypertensive. The mean serum creatinine level was 0.75 mg/dl (95% CI 0.74–0.75), and the average eGFR was 109.3 ml/min/1.73 m 2 (95% CI 108.8–109.9). The overall prevalence of eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 was 1.64% (98/5,979) (95% CI 1.34–1.99). Additionally, 4,792(80.2%) were classified as normal eGFR (≥90 ml/min/1.73 m2), 1,089(18.2%) as low eGFR (60–89 ml/min/1.73 m2), 91(1.52%) as moderately reduced eGFR (30–59 ml/min/1.73 m2), 4(0.07%) as severely reduced eGFR (15-29 ml/min/1.73 m2), and 3(0.05%) classified as having kidney failure (eGFR<15 ml/min/1.73 m2). When age-standardised to the WHO Standard Population the prevalence of eGFR<60 ml/min/1.73 m2 was 1.79%. Age above 35 years and the presence of hypertension (OR 2.86, 95% CI 1.15-7.08) and anaemia (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.12-4.09) were associated with eGFR<60 ml/min/1.73 m2. Conclusion: In a systematic survey of people in rural Uganda, we found a substantial proportion had eGFR<60 ml/min/1.73 m2. More population based studies are needed to further characterize kidney disease in sub-Saharan Africa.
The prevention and management of distal cervical caries of the mandibular second molar
Authors: McArdle Louis W 
Published: May 2019

Distal Cervical Caries (DCC) of the mandibular second molar has become a more frequent complication of third molar impaction as a direct consequence of the introduction of NICE's guidance on the management of wisdom teeth. NICE's tenet that disease free impacted third molars can be retained is contradicted by the development of DCC on the second molar as its diagnosis asks the simple question of why the impacted third molar was not removed before DCC occurred. This paper aims to address the features of DCC associated with the second molar and outlines how dentists should address its diagnosis but, more importantly, how to recognize those at risk and how patients should be managed. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Clinical management of impacted third molar teeth.
Marked extrinsic staining following microabrasion: a case report of a boy with dental fluorosis
Authors: Lygidakis Nikolaos N , Harley Kathryn 
Published: May 2019

A 12-year-old boy, born and raised in Iran, presented with dental fluorosis affecting all his teeth. The defects were predominantly opaque white in appearance with brown opacities on the maxillary central incisors. The treatment plan entailed microabrasion of the maxillary central incisors followed by vital bleaching, if required. Despite providing post-operative instructions, the patient had a drink containing turmeric later that day. He subsequently presented with yellow staining of his maxillary central incisors. A further course of microabrasion as well as vital bleaching provided a satisfactory final result. The teeth remained unchanged in a two-month review appointment. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This case presents a rare complication following microabrasion for dental fluorosis which occurred because post-operative instructions were not followed.
Juice powder concentrates: nutritional supplements in periodontology
Authors: Raindi Devan S , Chapple Iain 
Published: May 2019

Periodontitis is a ubiquitous, chronic inflammatory condition of the tooth-supporting apparatus. Various risk factors/indicators are associated with periodontal diseases, including nutritional status. With oxidative stress driving periodontal inflammation there is credibility in considering additional benefits from phytonutritional supplements when used in conjunction with conventional therapy for periodontal disease. Contemporary research utilizing robust methodology, such as double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials, in conjunction with serum micronutrient levels to assess bioavailability of phytonutrients following nutritional supplementation, may begin to provide an evidence base for delivering nutritional advice as part of periodontal prevention/therapy.CPD/Clinical Relevance: Some mechanisms underpinning nutritional modulation of inflammatory periodontal disease, as well as the evidence behind the use of Juice Powder Concentrates (JPCs), are of relevance in periodontal therapy.
The Salivary Microbiome Is Altered in Children With Eosinophilic Esophagitis and Correlates With Disease Activity
Authors: Hiremath Girish , Shilts Meghan H. , Boone Helen H. , Correa Hernan , Acra Sari , Tovchigrechko Andrey , Rajagopala Seesandra V. , Das Suman R. 
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVES:Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an allergen-mediated inflammatory disease affecting the esophagus. Although microbial communities may affect the host immune responses, little is known about the role of the microbiome in EoE. We compared the composition of the salivary microbiome in children with EoE with that of non-EoE controls to test the hypotheses that the salivary microbiome is altered in children with EoE and is associated with disease activity.METHODS:Saliva samples were collected from 26 children with EoE and 19 non-EoE controls comparable for age and ethnicity. The salivary microbiome was profiled using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Disease activity was assessed using the Eosinophilic Esophagitis Endoscopic Reference Score and the Eosinophilic Esophagitis Histologic Scoring System (EoEHSS).RESULTS:A trend toward lower microbial richness and alpha diversity was noted in children with EoE. Although the overall salivary microbiome composition was similar between children with and without EoE, specific taxa such asStreptococcus(q value = 0.06) tended to be abundant in children with active EoE compared with non-EoE controls.Haemophiluswas significantly abundant in children with active EoE compared with inactive EoE (q value = 0.0008) and increased with the increasing EoEHSS and Eosinophilic Esophagitis Histology Scoring System (q value = 5e-10). In addition, 4 broad salivary microbial communities correlated with the EoEHSS.DISCUSSION:The composition of the salivary microbiome community structure can be altered in children with EoE. A relative abundance ofHaemophiluspositively correlates with the disease activity. These findings indicate that perturbations in the salivary microbiome may have a role in EoE pathobiology and could serve as a noninvasive marker of disease activity.
É NECESSÁRIO QUE O REAL PENETRE NO ESPETÁCULO
Authors: Verstraeten Fabienne , De Paula Eduardo , De Castro Maurício Paroni 
Published: May 2019

Título: É necessário que o real penetre no espetáculo
Resumo: Entrevista com Thierry Salmon que procura cercar os interesses sobre a escolha dos espaços cênicos não convencionais para a realização de seus espetáculos e, a partir disso, refletir sobre as influências na encenação e no trabalho do ator. Destaca a importância e a necessidade de os acontecimentos reais serem absorvidos pela cena, pois os considera instaladores de oportunidades verdadeiras para o ator se colocar em jogo de modo presente no presente.
Palavras-chave: Thierry Salmon, Encenação, Real, Espaço cênico, Atuação, Jogo.

Titolo: Bisogna che il reale penetri nello spettacolo
Riassunto: Intervista rilasciata da Thierry Salmon che mette a fuoco la sua attenzione e il suo interesse nella scelta di spazi scenici non convenzionali per la realizzazione degli spettacoli. Da qui si passa a riflettere sulle influenze e le conseguenze che questo porta nella messa in scena e nel lavoro dell’attore. Salmon sottolinea l’importanza e la necessità che avvenimenti reali siano assorbiti nell’azione scenica, considerandoli veri e propri attivatori di opportunità reali perchè l’attore possa mettersi in gioco nel presente.
Parole chiave: Thierry Salmon, Regia, Reale, Spazio scenico, Rappresentazione, Gioco.

Title: It is necessary that the real enter the spectacle
Abstract: Interview with Thierry Salmon in which it seeks to surround the interests on the choice of the unconventional scenic spaces for the production of his spectacles and, from this, to reflect on its influences in the performance and the work of the actor. Highlighting the importance and the necessity of real events being absorbed by the scene, as he considered them to be installers of real opportunities for the actors to put themselves at the present time in the game, in a present way.
Keywords: Thierry Salmon, Performance, Real, Scenic space, Acting, Game.
Use of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs in the therapy of osteoarthritis
Authors: Anikin S. G. , Alekseeva L. I. , Lila A. M. 
Published: May 2019

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a heterogeneous disease with varying degrees of inflammatory responses, structural changes, functional insufficiency, and disease progression as a whole. Some OA phenotypes are characterized by a high local inflammatory response, persistent pain, persistent synovitis, and severe functional limitation. As a rule, the use of traditional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in these patients and the injection of glucocorticoids into the joint show no substantial effect. Taking into account the important role of inflammation and the involvement of immune responses in the pathogenesis of OA, the existence of its erosive forms, the use of some disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs could be a rational solution of the problem in the therapy of this disease.The paper reviews data on the efficiency and safety of using methotrexate and hydroxychloroquine in OA.
Determination of the factors influencing communication with patients among nurses working in third level ICU<p>Üçüncü basamak yoğun bakımda çalışan hemşirelerin hastalarla iletişimlerini etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi
Authors: Kıra Tugba , Akansel Neriman 
Published: May 2019

Research problem/aim: There are many factors in ICU that prevent nurse-patient communication. These can be classified as environmental, personal and the obstacles related to nurses and work environment. In this study, it is aimed to determine the factors that affecting third level ICU nurses’communication with their patients.Method: The study was conducted with 47 ICU nurses who were working in state hospital and volunteered to participate in to this study. SPSS 22.0 package program was used for statistical analysis.Findings: 97.9% of the nurses reported that establishing communication with the patient contributes to the process of treatment and recovery and 93.6% of the nurses stated using non-verbal communication technques in their communication with their patients. The nurses reported having difficulty with the unconscious patients.Conclusions: It was determined that factors related to patients and their relatives, ICU and factors related to nurses influence the communication of nurses with their patients. ÖzetAraştırma problem/amaç: Yoğun Bakım Ünitelerinde (YBÜ) hasta-hemşire iletişiminin sağlıklı bir biçimde yürütülmesini engelleyen pek çok faktör vardır. Bunlar; çevresel, bireysel, çalışan hemşireler veya çalışma ortamı ile ilişkili olabilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; bir üçüncü basamak yoğun bakım ünitesinde görev yapan hemşirelerin hastalar ile iletişimini etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesidir.Method: Araştırma bir devlet hastanesinin üçüncü basamak yoğun bakım ünitesinde çalışan 47 hemşire ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde SPSS 22.0 paket program kullanılmış, tanımlayıcı veriler sayı ve yüzde olarak verilmiş, istatistiksel analizlerde Kruskall Walli, Mann Whitney U testi, Sperman korelasyonu kullanılmıştır.Bulgular: Hemşirelerin %97.9’u hasta ile iletişim tedavi ve iyileşme sürecine katkıda bulunduğuna inandığını belirtmiş, %93.6’sı iletişim kurarken sözel olmayan iletişim yöntemlerini kullandıklarını ifade etmişlerdir. Yoğun bakım ünitesinde çalışan hemşirelerin iletişimde en fazla güçlük yaşadıkları hasta grubu bilinci kapalı olan hastalardır.Sonuçlar: Çalışmada hemşirelerin hasta iletişiminde hasta ve hasta yakınları, YBÜ’ne ve hemşirlerle ilişkin bazı özelliklerden etkilendiği belirlenmiştir.
Clinical social work practices for adult offenders<p>Yetişkin hükümlülere yönelik klinik sosyal hizmet uygulamaları
Authors: Zengin Taş Esin , Duman Nurdan 
Published: May 2019

In the historical process, crime has a long history. Crime is one of today's biggest social problem. Because of the consequences of crime to the whole society, prevention efforts have gained importance especially with the developments in the field of human rights. At this point today's prisons are places where the punishment foreseen by the law in return for the consequences of the crime are taken; also draw attention as institutions to prevent crime. One of the most important disciplines to prevent crime in prisons targeting rehabilitation is the social work profession. For this reason, social work practices in prison gain importance in terms of reducing the negative effects of the crime on the individual, family and society; contributing to the functional passage of the execution time; to intervene in accordance with the needs of special-needs offenders and preventing re-offending.Based on all these; In this review article on clinical social work practices for adult offenders; It is intended to provide a perspective on the structure of today's prisons, current social work practices, population of prisons and theoretical and clinical knowledge and skills of the social worker working in the penitentiary system.Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetTarihsel süreç içerisinde suç olgusunun uzun bir geçmişi bulunmaktadır. Suç günümüzün en büyük sosyal sorunlarından birisidir. Suçun tüm toplumu ilgilendiren sonuçları sebebiyle de önleme çalışmaları, özellikle insan hakları alanında var olan gelişmelerle birlikte önem kazanmıştır. Günümüz ceza infaz kurumları bu noktada suçun sonuçlarının karşılığında hukukun öngördüğü cezanın çekildiği yerler olmasının yanında; suçu önlemeye yönelik kurumlar olarak da dikkat çekmektedir. Rehabilitasyonu hedefleyen Ceza İnfaz Kurumlarında suçu önlemeye ilişkin en önemli mesleklerden birisi de sosyal hizmet mesleğidir. Bu sebeple ceza infaz kurumlarındaki sosyal hizmet uygulamaları; suçun birey, aile ve toplum üzerindeki olumsuz etkilerini azaltmak, infaz sürecinin işlevsel geçmesine katkıda bulunmak, özel ihtiyaç sahibi hükümlülerin gereksinimlerine uygun müdahalelerde bulunmak ve en önemlisi yeniden suç işlemeyi önlemek anlamında önem kazanmaktadır. Tüm bunlardan hareketle; yetişkin suçlulara yönelik klinik sosyal hizmet uygulamalarını konu alan bu derleme yazısında; günümüz ceza infaz kurumlarının yapısı, mevcut sosyal hizmet uygulamaları, ceza infaz kurumu popülasyonu ve ceza infaz sisteminde çalışan sosyal hizmet uzmanının sahip olması gereken teorik ve klinik bilgi ve becerilere ilişkin bir bakış açısı sunulması amaçlanmaktadır.
Identity Transformation and Autonomy Development of Female Student English Teachers From Rural China
Authors: Liu Yuanyuan , Li Xiaonan , Xing Xiaoyan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPrevious studies on Chinese English teachers’ identity and autonomy have overlooked the group of female student-teachers (FSTs) from rural areas. Drawing on data from questionnaire responses, narrative frames and semi-structured interviews with research participants, this study first depicts the trajectories of identity construction and autonomy development of nine female student-teachers, and then identifies three main factors that affected their transformation from English learners to student English teachers, and the development of autonomy in such a process. The three factors are gendered ideology, affinity groups and family finance. This study concludes with some implications for policy makers and teacher educators on how to empower female student English teachers from rural China to transform from English learners to English teachers, and how to enhance their autonomy in such a transformation.
An Exploratory Study of Non-Native English-Speaking Teachers’ Professional Identity Construction in a Globalizing China
Authors: Huang Zheng 
Published: May 2019

AbstractEmploying one-to-one interviews, this study explores, from a poststructuralist view, how Chinese English Teachers (CETs) struggle to construct their professional identity within the dominant ideology and disempowering discourses of native-speakerism in a globalizing China. Twenty-five CETs were interviewed, and the results have shown that applying human agency and subjectivity, CET participants manage to counteract the disempowering discourses and reach a relatively balanced power relationship with their native speaker (NS) counterparts mainly through four ways: Othering the NSs; exploring their own unique strengths; taking special roles in ELT; and establishing their credibility through hard work. The Chinese culture of learning, specifically, Confucian values, also plays an important role in CETs’ professional identity construction.
Roots of the Czechoslovak skinheads: Development, trends and politics
Authors: Smolík Josef , Novák Petr 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This article focuses on the roots and ideological sources of the Czechoslovak skinheads. It describes the development of this subculture from the 1980s until the end of the joint Czechoslovak state. It looks at the history of this subculture together with its development trends in the 1990s. The relationship between the skinheads and politics clearly belongs in this account as it was the source of the distinctions between the various groups in the subculture. The themes that were typical of the skinhead subculture are introduced together with an exploration of how they later transformed in line with the political requirements of this part of the youth subculture. This subsequently led to support for nationalist political parties. The article is of a descriptive and analytical nature, and is an attempt to grasp the key processes taking place among the adolescents who identified with the skinhead subculture. Contemporary magazines are the basis of an analysis of the key themes in skinhead subculture in the early 1990s.