bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Student selection to a rural veterinary school. 2: predictors of student performance and attrition
Authors: Raidal SL , Lord J , Hayes L , Hyams J , Lievaart J 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveTo evaluate the extent to which current selection processes at Charles Sturt University, New South Wales, Australia, predict performance within and attrition from the veterinary degree program.DesignRetrospective evaluation of application details and student performance data.MethodsDatabase records of 424 students entering the veterinary program were retrieved from university records, including all students graduating (n = 356) or leaving the program without completing (n = 68) between 2005 and 2016. Demographic data were related to results of selection processes and achievement within the degree using univariable and multivariable general linear and logistic regression analyses.ResultsThe grade point average achieved over the 6 years of the degree was influenced by academic achievement prior to entry, gender (females performed ≈ 2% better than males) and interview scores. Preceptor evaluation of final‐year clinical performance was associated with interview scores, gender (males performed ≈ 4% better than females) and residential address at the time of application. Attrition for personal reasons was more common for female students and students who had completed a prior degree, and students who experienced academic or personal attrition had lower written application scores. Factors that have been previously linked to poor academic outcomes, including rural or low socioeconomic background, were not associated with adverse student outcomes.ConclusionSelection processes did not systematically disadvantage students admitted to the degree program. Gender differences in personal attrition and academic and clinical performance warrant further evaluation. Factors in addition to academic aptitude predicted student success.
Efflux transport of nicotine, cotinine and trans‐3′‐hydroxycotinine glucuronides by human hepatic transporters
Authors: Järvinen Erkka , Sjöstedt Noora , Koenderink Jan B. , Kidron Heidi , Finel Moshe 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNicotine is the addiction causing alkaloid in tobacco, and it is used in smoking cessation therapies. Although the metabolic pathways of nicotine are well known and mainly occur in the liver, the transport of nicotine and its metabolites is poorly characterized. The highly hydrophilic nature and urinary excretion of nicotine glucuronide metabolites indicate that hepatic basolateral efflux transporters mediate their excretion. We aimed here to find the transporters responsible for the hepatic excretion of nicotine, cotinine and trans‐3′‐hydroxycotinine (OH‐cotinine) glucuronides. To this end, we tested their transport by multidrug resistance‐associated proteins 1 (MRP1, ABCC1) and MRP3‐6 (ABCC3‐6), which are located on the basolateral membranes of hepatocytes, as well as MRP2 (ABCC2), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP, ABCG2) and multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1, P‐gp, ABCB1) that are expressed in the apical membranes of these cells. ATP‐dependent transport of these glucuronides was evaluated in inside‐out membrane vesicles expressing the transporter of interest. In addition, potential interactions of both the glucuronides and parent compounds with selected transporters were tested by inhibition assays. Considerable ATP‐dependent transport was observed only for OH‐cotinine glucuronide by MRP3. The kinetics of this transport activity was characterized, resulting in an estimated Km value of 895 µmol/L. No significant transport was found for nicotine or cotinine glucuronides by any of the tested transporters at either 5 or 50 µmol/L substrate concentration. Furthermore, neither nicotine, cotinine nor OH‐cotinine inhibited MRP2‐4, BCRP or MDR1. In this study, we directly examined, for the first time, efflux transport of the three hydrophilic nicotine glucuronide metabolites by the major human hepatic efflux transporters. Despite multiple transporters studied here, our results indicate that an unknown transporter may be responsible for the hepatic excretion of nicotine and cotinine glucuronides.
Pycnodysostosis: Natural history and management guidelines from 27 French cases and a literature review
Authors: Bizaoui Varoona , Michot Caroline , Baujat Geneviève , Amouroux Cyril , Baron Sabine , Capri Yline , Cohen‐Solal Martine , Collet Corinne , Dieux Anne , Geneviève David , Isidor Bertrand , Monnot Sophie , Rossi Massimiliano , Rothenbuhler Anya , Schaefer Elise , Cormier‐Daire Valérie 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPycnodysostosis is a lysosomal autosomal recessive skeletal dysplasia characterized by osteosclerosis, short stature, acro‐osteolysis, facial features and an increased risk of fractures. The clinical heterogeneity of the disease and its rarity make it difficult to provide patients an accurate prognosis, as well as appropriate care and follow‐up. French physicians from the OSCAR network have been asked to fill out questionnaires collecting molecular and clinical data for 27 patients issued from 17 unrelated families. All patients showed short stature (mean = −3.5 SD) which was more severe in females (P = .006). The mean fracture rate was moderate (0.21 per year), with four fractures in total average. About 75% underwent at least one surgery, with an average number of 2.1 interventions per patient. About 50% required non‐invasive assisted ventilation due to sleep apnea (67%). About 29% showed psychomotor difficulties and 33% needed a school assistant or adapted schooling. No patient had any psychological evaluation or follow‐up. Molecular data were available for 14 families. Growth hormone administration was efficient on linear growth in 40% of cases. We propose several axis of management, such as systematic cerebral MRI for Chiari malformation screening at diagnosis and regular psychological follow‐up.
Urban Settler Colonialism: Policing and Displacing Indigeneity in Taipei, Taiwan
Authors: Sugimoto Tomonori 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis article argues that colonialism needs to be explicitly foregrounded in analyses of urban processes in settler colonial cities. Urban settler colonialism is an ongoing process that affects urban indigenous subjects, a force that builds on the longue durée of settler colonialism that has dispossessed them for centuries. My article draws on ethnographic research conducted with a group of indigenous Pangcah/Amis people who have migrated to the Taipei region in Taiwan over the last forty years. While paying attention to the long history of settler colonialism on the island and specifically in the Taipei region—the erasure of indigenous Ketagalan heritage in northern Taiwan, indigenous land dispossession in rural villages, and a consequent post‐WWII influx of indigenous people into Taipei, and the displacement of urban indigenous squatter settlements since the 1990s—I will ethnographically focus on a group of indigenous public housing residents who have continued to face urban settler colonialism. I discuss how they have negotiated with surveillance and policing from their on‐site housing management team, charges of incivility from Han state agents and neighbors, and displacement from urban redevelopment.
“This Looks Like Chinatown!”: Contested Geographies and the Transformation of Social Space in Jyatha, Kathmandu
Authors: Linder Benjamin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAs tourists from China account for a larger and larger share of Nepal's tourism economy, Jyatha—a small neighborhood in Kathmandu—has absorbed a substantial portion of the Chinese businesses catering to this booming demographic. Its landscape is heavily populated with Chinese businesses, leading Nepalis (and others) to increasingly refer to the space with the English term “Chinatown.” Drawing on Low's (2000) and Chuang and Trémon's (2013) conceptual frameworks of space, this article analyzes three central dimensions to the emergence of a Chinatown in Jyatha. First, it describes the social production of Chinatown space, the physical conversion of the material landscape. Specifically, I analyze the prevalence and prominence of commercial signs as a proxy for quantifying the degree of Chinese incursion into Jyatha. Second, the article turns to the social construction of Chinatown space, or the way in which the material space of Jyatha gets encoded with ambivalent meanings. Nepali narrations of the neighborhood highlight local anxieties regarding cultural autonomy and, more acutely, differential economic advantage. Third, the article discusses the social situation of Chinatown space, or the way in which the site of Jyatha gets discursively rescaled to address regional and global concerns. Nepalis frequently understand Jyatha to embody broader geopolitical narratives—regarding China's ascendance on the world stage, and especially as this relates to the Nepal's regional center of gravity vis‐à‐vis India. These three aspects—production, construction, and situation—converge in Jyatha. Through such practices, Nepalis simultaneously reiterate and contest the emergence of Chinatown. In so doing, they discursively challenge sociopolitical, economic, and spatial inequality at several scales.
“Opportunistic Waiting”: Tea and Young Men's Gatherings in Pikine, Senegal
Authors: Prothmann Sebastian 
Published: June 2019

AbstractToog (sitting), rey temps bi (killing time), and xaar (waiting) are expressions that characterize the current predicament of young males in Pikine, an urban area in the Dakar region of Senegal. These young men, who gather together daily in the koñ (i.e., a hangout at a street corner), emphasize this predicament as only a temporary circumstance of life, which I conceive of as “opportunistic waiting.” Overall, the local societal atmosphere makes young men feel under constant pressure to achieve something in life in order to become full‐fledged responsible men, an endeavor that is obstructed by a plethora of factors. However, in Pikinois society, “waiting” can also be seen in a positive way as an indicator of social status, as it signals that one is not so poor as to accept every kind of work. This paper, based on ethnographic research conducted over a period of eleven months between 2011 and 2013, assesses “opportunistic waiting” as a meaningful constructed temporality offering sociability among young men who are all in the same situation of not being able to become social adults.
Total and regional body fat status among children and young people with cerebral palsy: A scoping review
Authors: Whitney Daniel G. , Gross‐Richmond Penina , Hurvitz Edward A. , Peterson Mark D. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThe purpose of our scoping review was to determine if children and young people with cerebral palsy (CP) have elevated total or regional body fat compared to children and young people without CP. Databases (Ovid MEDLINE, Embase Ovid, CINHAL and Scopus) were systematically searched from 1 January 1993 to 7 December 2018 in order to identify articles that compared weight status, total body fat or regional body fat (eg, abdominal) between children and young people (0‐21 years) with and without CP. Extracted data included country, subject characteristics, group sample sizes and matching strategies, methods/measures for weight status/fat depot, fat depot(s) assessed and key findings. Twenty‐two studies were included. Of these, 19 studies examined total body fat; the most common method was use of anthropometrics and the more common measures were body mass index and skin‐fold thickness. Twelve studies examined at least one regional fat depot; the most common method was use of anthropometrics and the most common measure was skin‐fold thickness. Findings were inconsistent across studies. Further, among 10 studies that examined total and regional body fat depots, 8 found differences across fat depots within the same children and young people (eg, no difference in total body fat but higher abdominal fat). This review provides a summary of inconsistent findings from published studies on body fat comparisons between children and young people with vs without CP, highlights limitations for evaluating body fat for children with CP and discusses future research directions.
A case report on endarteritis in a child with coarctation of aorta
Authors: Gnanam Devi , Bartelds Beatrijs , van Leeuwen Wouter J , Frohn‐Mulder Ingrid M. , Koopman Laurens P. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCoarctation of aorta(CoA), complicated by endarteritis in a children is very rare. Here we present a case of endarteritis in an unoperated CoA in a four year old boy. CoA had been diagnosed in the referring hospital, yet the diagnosis of endocarditis distal to CoA, was made in the tertiary center using modified transthoracic echo windows or focused views. After six weeks of intravenous antibiotic treatment, a coarctectomy and end‐to‐end anastomosis was performed and he recovered clinically well. This case report concludes that echocardiography remains as the standard diagnostic method for identifying intracardiac manifestations of infective endocarditis/endarteritis. Last but foremost, it delineates the importance of modified transthoracic echo windows or focused views in identifying the unusual position of endocarditis.
Favorable impact of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease on the cerebral white matter hyperintensity in a neurologically healthy population
Authors: Jeong S.‐M. , Kwon H. , Park S. , Yu S. J. , Jeong H.‐Y. , Nam K.‐W. , Kwon H.‐M. , Park J.‐H. 
Published: June 2019

Background and purposeAlthough non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) shares common cardiovascular risk factors with cerebral white matter hyperintensity (WMH), few studies have reported the association between NAFLD and WMH. The association between the presence of NAFLD with its severity and the volume of WMH was investigated.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted for 2460 subjects who voluntarily participated in health screening check‐ups including brain magnetic resonance imaging and liver ultrasonography at the Health Promotion Center at Seoul National University Hospital from 2009 to 2013. Ultrasonography was used to detect the presence and severity of NAFLD combined with the NAFLD fibrosis score and the FIB‐4 index. The volume of WMH was measured using a semi‐automated quantification method by a trained neurologist.ResultsThe prevalence of NAFLD was 36.5%, and the median volume of WMH in all the subjects was 1.1 ml (interquartile range 0.2–2.7 ml). The presence of NAFLD was associated with a smaller volume of WMH [β (standard error, SE) −0.051 (0.046); P = 0.012]. Moderate to severe NAFLD was associated with a smaller volume of WMH than was non‐NAFLD [β (SE) −0.067 (0.061); P = 0.002]. The negative correlation observed between NAFLD severity and WMH volume was persistent only in those with low FIB‐4 index and low NAFLD fibrosis scores, whereas there was a positive association in those with high FIB‐4 index and NAFLD fibrosis scores.ConclusionsNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease, and its severity, showed a favorable association with WMH volume. However, its causality and mechanism should be evaluated in further relevantly designed studies.
Diabetes, arthritis, urinary incontinence, poor self‐rated health, higher body mass index and lower handgrip strength are associated with falls among community‐dwelling middle‐aged and older adults: Pooled analyses from two cross‐sectional Malaysian datasets
Authors: Singh Devinder Kaur Ajit , Shahar Suzana , Vanoh Divya , Kamaruzzaman Shahrul Bahyah , Tan Maw Pin 
Published: June 2019

AimThe identification of risk factors associated with comorbidities and physical fitness might provide pathways for planning therapeutic targets for future falls prevention. Results from large datasets that examined falls risk factors in Asia have been limited. The aim of the present study was to identify the risk factors for falls by pooling data consisting of medical history, physical performance and self‐rated health from two large Malaysian epidemiological studies.MethodsMatching variables from the Towards Useful Aging and Malaysian Elders Longitudinal Research datasets related to falls, physical performance and determinants of falls were identified and pooled for analysis. The Timed Up and Go test and dominant handgrip strength tests were used as physical performance measures. Falls were self‐reported, and functional status was assessed using activities of daily living.ResultsData of 3935 participants, mean age 68.9 ± 6.8 years, 2127 (54.0%) women and 1807 (46.0%) men were extracted for analyses. In an adjusted model, independent risk factors for falls from this cohort studies were diabetes (OR 1.258), arthritis (OR 1.366), urinary incontinence (OR 1.346), poor self‐rated health (OR 1.293), higher body mass index (OR 1.029) and lower handgrip strength (OR 1.234).ConclusionsAlthough the risk factors that emerged from our analyses were similar to available studies among older adults, the Timed Up and Go test did not appear as one of the risk factors in the present study that included middle‐aged adults. Our findings will require confirmation in a prospective study. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 798–803.
High‐precision Determination of Gold Mass Fractions in Geological Reference Materials by Internal Standardisation
Authors: Cheng Huai , Wang Zaicong , Chen Kang , Zong Keqing , Zou Zongqi , He Tao , Hu Zhaochu , Fischer‐Gödde Mario , Liu Yanhong 
Published: June 2019

Determination of gold abundances in natural rock is critical for applications, but very challenging. Here, we report a method for determining gold with a very low mass fraction (> 0.01 ng g−1) in rocks. The method involves Carius tube digestion with reverse aqua regia, chromatographic separation to remove most of the sample matrix and measurement by high‐sensitivity ICP‐MS. The mono‐isotopic element gold was quantified by external calibration using an internal standardisation of gold to platinum that was precisely determined by isotope dilution. The method is robust and the obtained results are indistinguishable (< 5–10%, 2s) from those independently obtained by a standard addition technique on the same solution. The results from reference materials TDB‐1 and GPt‐2 are consistent with the certified values and those determined by HF‐aqua regia digestion, confirming the validity of the method. TDB‐1 (n = 20), GPt‐2 (n = 6), BHVO‐2 (n = 9) and other mafic RMs are homogenous for gold (10–20%, 2s) at the 2 g test portion level; however, sample heterogeneity affects some RMs. Gold and platinum‐group elements also display different extents of sample heterogeneity for different RMs. Given the homogeneity observed for TDB‐1, GPt‐2 and BHOV‐2, they are recommended as well‐suited RMs for inter‐laboratory comparison studies of gold.
Pre‐hospital thrombolysis for ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction in regional Australia: long‐term follow up
Authors: Khan Arshad A. , Williams Trent , Al‐Omary Mohamed S. , Feeney Alex L. , Majeed Tazeen , Savage Lindsay , Stewart Paul , Faddy Steven , Collins Nicholas J. , Fletcher Peter , Boyle Andrew J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundDelivering reperfusion therapy to patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in regional areas without access to tertiary cardiology care remains challenging. The systems of care in Hunter New England Health, New South Wales, Australia (area covered = 130 000 km2) to provide reperfusion to patients with STEMI involve a 12‐lead electrocardiogram in the ambulance, discussion between cardiologist and paramedic, followed by pre‐hospital thrombolysis (PHT) delivered in ambulance to appropriate patients >60 min from the cardiac catheterisation laboratories. Patients who can access the cardiac catheterisation laboratories within 60 min are treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).AimsWe have previously reported excellent 12‐month outcomes for patients receiving PHT and the aim of the current analysis is to look at the long term outcomes.MethodsWe assessed long‐term all‐cause mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events of STEMI patients undergoing PHT in our health district from August 2008 to August 2013 and compared with the primary PCI group.ResultsOne hundred and fifty (mean age: 62 ± 13 years, males: 76%, n = 114) patients were administered PHT and 334 patients (mean age: 65 ± 13 years, males: 75%, n = 251) underwent primary PCI during the study period. During a median follow up of 6.2 years (interquartile range: 4.8–7.4 years) all‐cause mortality was 16% and 19% in the PHT and primary PCI groups respectively (P = 0.4).ConclusionOur real‐world experience shows that PHT followed by early transfer to a primary PCI‐capable centre is an effective reperfusion strategy, with comparable results to primary PCI, and mortality benefits are sustained to more than 6 years.
A training intervention for home care nurses in cross‐cultural communication: An evaluation study of changes in attitudes, knowledge and behaviour
Authors: Filmer Tobias , Herbig Britta 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimsTo assess whether a training intervention in cross‐cultural communication can positively impact attitudes, knowledge and behaviour and to investigate possible dependencies between these components.Design(Controlled) longitudinal multimethod evaluation.MethodsA training based on theoretical considerations and informed by semi‐standardized interviews with home care nurses was developed and evaluated. Participants rated their cross‐cultural attitudes, knowledge and behaviour and answered case vignettes assessing their knowledge before and after this training. Shift observations assessed behaviourial aspects at t1 and t2. Data were collected between June 2016–March 2017 and between April 2017–November 2017. Analyses of variance and multiple linear regression models were employed.ResultsThe training showed promising tendencies with cross‐cultural attitudes, knowledge and behaviour with diverging results for initially quite high self‐reports showing positive but mostly not significant developments and objective assessments mostly showing significant positive changes. There were significant associations between self‐reported cross‐cultural behaviour at t1 and objective cross‐cultural knowledge at t2, whereas self‐rated and objectively assessed knowledge showed no significant associations. Shift observations showed significant positive developments in participants’ communication behaviour.ConclusionOur study shows the importance of using different methods and targeting different outcomes areas to rate impacts of (cross‐cultural) training interventions. Future studies should consider challenging conditions in home care nursing affecting the success of interventions and investigate mechanisms of skill acquisition in nursing.ImpactThis is one of very few studies using multi‐method approach to evaluate a cross‐cultural competency intervention and simultaneously assess cross‐cultural attitudes, knowledge and behaviour including possible dependencies between these aspects.