bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of life cycle simplification in African trypanosomes
Authors: Oldrieve Guy R. , Venter Frank , Cayla Mathieu , Verney Mylène , Hébert Laurent , Geerts Manon , Van Reet Nick , Matthews Keith R. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAfrican trypanosomes are important parasites in sub-Saharan Africa that undergo a quorum-sensing dependent development to morphologically ‘stumpy forms’ in mammalian hosts to favour transmission by tsetse flies. However, some trypanosome clades have simplified their lifecycle by escaping dependence on tsetse allowing an expanded geographic range, with direct transmission between hosts achieved via blood-feeding biting flies and vampire bats (Trypanosoma brucei evansi, causing ‘surra’) or through sexual transmission (Trypanosoma brucei equiperdum, causing ‘dourine’). Concomitantly, stumpy formation is reduced and the isolates are described as monomorphic, with infections spread widely in Africa, Asia, South America and parts of Europe. Here, using genomic analysis of distinct field isolates, we identify molecular changes that accompany the loss of the stumpy formation in monomorphic clades. Using CRISPR-mediated allelic replacement, mutations in two exemplar genes (Tb927.2.4020; Tb927.5.2580) are confirmed to reduce stumpy formation whereas another (Tb927.11.3400) is implicated in altered motility. Using laboratory selection we identify downregulation of RNA regulators as important in the initial development of monomorphism. This identifies a trajectory of events that simplify the life cycle in emergent and established monomorphic trypanosomes, with impact on disease spread, vector control strategies, geographical range and virulence.
Diverting glial glycolytic flux towards neurons is a memory-relevant role of Drosophila CRH-like signalling
Authors: Francés Raquel , Rabah Yasmine , Preat Thomas , Plaçais Pierre-Yves 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAn essential role of glial cells is to comply with the large and fluctuating energy needs of neurons. Metabolic adaptation is integral to the acute stress response, suggesting that glial cells could be major, yet overlooked, targets of stress hormones. Here we show that Dh44 neuropeptide, Drosophila homologue of mammalian corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), acts as an experience-dependent metabolic switch for glycolytic output in glia. Dh44 released by dopamine neurons limits glial fatty acid synthesis and build-up of lipid stores. Although basally active, this hormonal axis is acutely stimulated following learning of a danger-predictive cue. This results in transient suppression of glial anabolic use of pyruvate, sparing it for memory-relevant energy supply to neurons. Diverting pyruvate destination may dampen the need to upregulate glial glycolysis in response to increased neuronal demand. Although beneficial for the energy efficiency of memory formation, this mechanism reveals an ongoing competition between neuronal fuelling and glial anabolism.
Microstructure analysis on complex surfaces enables digital quality control of metal parts
Authors: Zhu Chenyang , Seita Matteo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCritical to the growth of digital manufacturing is the development of rapid yet accurate quality control technologies to assess the microstructure of each metal part produced. Typical surface analysis methods are limited in measurement throughput and impose constraints on maximum area size and surface quality, which enforce the tedious practice of extracting and preparing flat, small-scale samples for microstructure analysis. Here, we propose a new approach based on directional reflectance microscopy (DRM) which can yield part-scale microstructure information nondestructively and on curved, complex surfaces. We demonstrate our approach on the airfoil of a turbine blade and carry out a rigorous error analysis using other samples with variable surface geometry. Our results highlight the potential for part-specific quality control in the context of digital manufacturing.
Single and multi-objective real-time optimisation of an industrial injection moulding process via a Bayesian adaptive design of experiment approach
Authors: Kariminejad Mandana , Tormey David , Ryan Caitríona , O’Hara Christopher , Weinert Albert , McAfee Marion 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMinimising cycle time without inducing quality defects is a major challenge in injection moulding (IM). Design of Experiment methods (DoE) have been widely studied for optimisation of injection moulding, however existing methods have limitations, including the need for a large number of experiments within a pre-determined search space. Bayesian adaptive design of experiment (ADoE) is an iterative process where the results of the previous experiments are used to make an informed selection for the next design. In this study, an experimental ADoE approach based on Bayesian optimisation was developed for injection moulding using process and sensor data to optimise the quality and cycle time in real-time. A novel approach for the real-time characterisation of post-production shrinkage was introduced, utilising in-mould sensor data on temperature differential during part cooling. This characterisation approach was verified by post-production metrology results. A single and multi-objective optimisation of the cycle time and temperature differential ($$\Delta T$$) in an injection moulded component is proposed. The multi-objective optimisation techniques, composite desirability function and Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) model, are compared with the real-time novel ADoE approach. ADoE achieved almost a 50$$\%$$ reduction in the number of experiments required for the single optimisation of $$\Delta T$$, and an almost 30$$\%$$ decrease for the optimisation of $$\Delta T$$ and cycle time together compared to composite desirability function and NSGA-II. The optimal settings identified by ADoE for multiobjective optimisation were similar to the selected Pareto optimal solution found by NSGA-II.
The effect of cardiac phase on distractor suppression and motor inhibition in a stop-signal task
Authors: Marshall Amanda C. , Ren Qiaoyue , Enk Lioba , Liu Junhui , Schütz-Bosbach Simone 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPast work has shown that stimuli timed to the cardiac systole, the time at which heartbeat feedback is transmitted to the brain, can be more effectively selected from conflicting information. Here, we investigated how the temporal alignment of distracting information to different phases of the cardiac cycle impacts inhibitory performance on a stop-signal task. While participants received the go-cue and anticipated a potential stop-signal, we presented several moving dots on the screen. The dots’ change of movement direction was timed to occur 290 ms posterior to the R-peak (for cardiac systole) or right at the R-peak (for cardiac diastole) of in-time ECG recordings. In a third control condition, no distracting dots were shown. Behavioural results found participants were significantly better at inhibiting their motor response in systole relative to diastole distractor trials. Electrophysiological evidence found reduced P2 amplitudes for viewing the distractors and enhanced N2 amplitudes to the subsequent stop-signal in systole relative to diastole distractor trials. This indicated that systole bound distractors were suppressed more effectively than diastole bound ones which led to enhanced motor inhibition. Our results indicate that the brain shows greater visual selection efficiency for distracting information co-occurring with cardiac systole which has implications for enhanced motor processing at later stages of the trial sequence.
TAp73 and ΔTAp73 isoforms show cell-type specific distributions and alterations in cancer
Authors: Hrabal Vaclav , Stenckova Michaela , Zavadil Kokas Filip , Muller Petr , Nenutil Rudolf , Vojtesek Borivoj , Coates Philip J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTP73 is a member of the TP53 gene family and produces N- and C-terminal protein isoforms through alternative promoters, alternative translation initiation and alternative splicing. Most notably, p73 protein isoforms may either contain a p53-like transactivation domain (TAp73 isoforms) or lack this domain (ΔTAp73 isoforms) and these variants have opposing or independent functions. To date, there is a lack of well-characterised isoform-specific p73 antibodies. Here, we produced polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to N-terminal p73 variants and the C-terminal p73α isoform, the most common variant in human tissues. These reagents show that TAp73 is a marker of multiciliated epithelial cells, while ΔTAp73 is a marker of non-proliferative basal/reserve cells in squamous epithelium. We were unable to detect ΔNp73 variant proteins, in keeping with recent data that this is a minor form in human tissues. Most cervical squamous cell carcinomas (79%) express p73α, and the distribution of staining in basal cells correlated with lower tumour grade. TAp73 was found in 17% of these tumours, with a random distribution and no association with clinicopathological features. These data indicate roles for ΔTAp73 in maintaining a non-proliferative state of undifferentiated squamous epithelial cells and for TAp73 in the production of differentiated multiciliated cells.
Automated in-situ monitoring of accelerated crystallization processes of nifedipine using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy
Authors: Heidrich Lara , Wiener Julian , Castro-Camus Enrique , Koch Martin , Ornik Jan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe developed and tested an automated measurement platform which can fit multiple samples for their investigation in transmission mode using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. The temperature inside the platform can be varied to simulate different storage conditions of the samples, in our case, pharmaceuticals. As a proof-of-concept, the setup was successfully tested to monitor the crystallization process of amorphous nifedipine, as a model drug, at 24 °C, 30 °C and 35 °C for over 144 h. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to follow the crystallization of nifedipine with quasi-continuous measurements over a time frame of several days. The influence of the storage temperature on the crystallization rate was monitored including the appearance of polymorphic intermediate states of nifedipine throughout the process. The platform developed in combination with terahertz time-domain spectroscopy is a helpful tool for deepening the understanding of the crystallization behavior of amorphous and polymorphic materials and can be, for example, of great importance for the development of novel amorphous pharmaceutical formulations.
Predictability of tropical Pacific decadal variability is dominated by oceanic Rossby waves
Authors: Wu Xian , Yeager Stephen G. , Deser Clara , Capotondi Antonietta , Wittenberg Andrew T. , McPhaden Michael J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDespite its pronounced global impacts, tropical Pacific decadal variability (TPDV) is poorly predicted by current climate models due to model deficiencies and a limited understanding of its underlying mechanisms. Using observational data and a hierarchy of model simulations including decadal hindcasts, we find that decadal isopycnal depth variability driven by oceanic Rossby waves in the tropical Pacific provides the most important source of predictability for TPDV. The predictability arising from initial isopycnal depth conditions is further amplified by tropical ocean-atmosphere coupling and variations in the strength of subtropical cells in the Pacific throughout the decadal forecasts. Regional initialization experiments that effectively isolate the impact of different ocean basins on TPDV predictability highlight the essential role of the tropical Pacific. This study enhances our understanding of the mechanisms governing TPDV predictability, offering crucial insights for improving the accuracy of decadal predictions.
Observation of E-cadherin adherens junction dynamics with metal-induced energy transfer imaging and spectroscopy
Authors: Chen Tao , Karedla Narain , Enderlein Jörg 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEpithelial cadherin (E-cad) mediated cell-cell junctions play a crucial role in the establishment and maintenance of tissues and organs. In this study, we employed metal-induced energy transfer imaging and spectroscopy to investigate variations in intermembrane distance during adhesion between two model membranes adorned with E-cad. By correlating the measured intermembrane distances with the distinct E-cad junction states, we probed the dynamic behavior and diversity of E-cad junctions across different binding pathways. Our observations led to the identification of a transient intermediate state referred to as the X-dimeric state and enabled a detailed analysis of its kinetics. We discovered that the formation of the X-dimer leads to significant membrane displacement, subsequently impacting the formation of other X-dimers. These direct experimental insights into the subtle dynamics of E-cad-modified membranes and the resultant changes in intermembrane distance provide perspectives on the assembly of E-cad junctions between cells. This knowledge enhances our comprehension of tissue and organ development and may serve as a foundation for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies for diseases linked to cell-cell adhesion abnormalities.
Promoting sustainable cities through creating social empathy between new urban populations and planners
Authors: Szaboova Lucy , Adger W. Neil , Safra de Campos Ricardo , Siddiqui Tasneem , Alam Bhuiyan Mohammad Rashed , Billah Tamim , Rocky Mahmudol Hasan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNew migrant populations in rapidly growing cities globally are often socially and politically marginalized, limiting their potential to contribute to the positive transformation of urban futures. Such marginalisation can potentially be overcome through deliberate efforts to build empathy between groups. Here we apply insights on empathic action to planning processes with the aim of diversifying planning processes to provide plural perspectives on risk and sustainability and giving marginalised groups opportunities to shape key decisions. We report on action research to examine whether empathic connection between urban planners and new migrant populations leads to processes that enhance and integrate new voices and perspectives. The intervention involved photo-elicitation interviews, focus groups and perspective exchange workshops over eighteen months of intensive engagement in Chattogram, Bangladesh. The findings demonstrate that empathy for diverse social groups has practical implications for sustainability where individuals have agency and feel empowered to enhance each other’s wellbeing.
Rhythmic astrocytic GABA production synchronizes neuronal circadian timekeeping in the suprachiasmatic nucleus
Authors: Ness Natalie , Díaz-Clavero Sandra , Hoekstra Marieke M B , Brancaccio Marco 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Astrocytes of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) can regulate sleep-wake cycles in mammals. However, the nature of the information provided by astrocytes to control circadian patterns of behavior is unclear. Neuronal circadian activity across the SCN is organized into spatiotemporal waves that govern seasonal adaptations and timely engagement of behavioral outputs. Here, we show that astrocytes across the mouse SCN exhibit instead a highly uniform, pulse-like nighttime activity. We find that rhythmic astrocytic GABA production via polyamine degradation provides an inhibitory nighttime tone required for SCN circuit synchrony, thereby acting as an internal astrocyte zeitgeber (or “astrozeit”). We further identify synaptic GABA and astrocytic GABA as two key players underpinning coherent spatiotemporal circadian patterns of SCN neuronal activity. In describing a new mechanism by which astrocytes contribute to circadian timekeeping, our work provides a general blueprint for understanding how astrocytes encode temporal information underlying complex behaviors in mammals.
Speech in Ten-Minute Sessions: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of the Chaining SPLITS Service Delivery Model
Authors: Herbst Benedette M. , Beiting Molly , Schultheiss Martine , Benway Nina R. , Preston Jonathan L. 
Published: December 2024

Purpose:
This study evaluates the initial efficacy of Chaining SPeech Lessons in Intensive Ten-minute Sessions (SPLITS), an alternative service delivery model for the Speech Motor Chaining treatment approach. We hypothesized that Chaining SPLITS would result in improvements in /ɹ/ accuracy on syllables and untrained words when compared to a no-treatment condition.

Method:
Within a randomized controlled trial, thirteen 7–9-year-old children with difficulty producing /ɹ/ were randomized to receive treatment either immediately or after an 8-week delay. Treatment sessions were conducted 4 times a week over 8 weeks. Syllable and word-level recordings were collected at the baseline, 8-week, and 16-week time points. Recordings were rated along a 5-point scale by three masked, independent listeners. The primary outcome was changed score from the baseline to 8-week time point (Interval 1) and 8-week to 16-week time point (Interval 2).

Results:
Linear mixed modeling revealed that Chaining SPLITS led to significantly greater improvement in /ɹ/ accuracy at the syllable level for active treatment compared to a period of no treatment. This improvement was replicated in both groups. There was not sufficient evidence of an effect of Chaining SPLITS on untrained words after 8 weeks of treatment.

Conclusions:
The current study provides initial evidence of the effectiveness of 8 weeks of Chaining SPLITS on improvement in /ɹ/ accuracy in syllables. Short, frequent sessions may be a viable approach to promote acquisition of /ɹ/ among school-age children; however, longer courses of treatment may be needed to observe further improvement at the word level.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27868800
The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] Survey: Modelling ALMA and JWST lines to constrain the interstellar medium of z∼ 5 galaxies
Authors: Veraldi E. , Vallini L. , Pozzi F. , Esposito F. , Bethermin M. , Boquien M. , Faisst A. , Ginolfi M. , Gobat R. , Gruppioni C. , Hathi N. , Ibar E. , Molina J. , Rizzo F. , Romano M. , Zamorani G. 
Published: December 2024

Aims. We have devised a model for estimating the ultraviolet (UV) and optical line emission (i.e. CIII] 1909 Å, Hβ, [OIII] 5007 Å, Hα, and [NII] 6583 Å) that traces HII regions in the interstellar medium (ISM) of a subset of galaxies at z ~ 4-6 from the ALMA large programme ALPINE. The aim is to investigate the combined impact of binary stars in the stellar population and an abrupt quenching in the star formation history (SFH) on the line emission. This is crucial for understanding the ISM’s physical properties in the Universe’s earliest galaxies and identifying new star formation tracers in high-z galaxies.
Methods. The model simulates HII plus PhotoDissociation Region (PDR) complexes by performing radiative transfer through 1D slabs characterised by gas density (n), ionisation parameter (U), and metallicity (Z). The model also takes into account (a) the heating from star formation, whose spectrum has been simulated with Starburst99 and Binary Population and Spectral Synthesis (BPASS) to quantify the impact of binary stars; and (b) a constant, exponentially declining, and quenched SFH. For each galaxy, we selected from our CLOUDY models the theoretical ratios between the [CII] line emission that trace PDRs and nebular lines from HII regions. These ratios were then used to derive the expected optical/UV lines from the observed [CII].
Results. We find that binary stars have a strong impact on the line emission after quenching, by keeping the UV photon flux higher for a longer time. This is relevant in maintaining the free electron temperature and ionised column density in HII regions unaltered up to 5 Myr after quenching. Furthermore, we constrained the ISM properties of our subsample, finding a low ionisation parameter of log U≈ − 3.8 ± 0.2 and high densities of log(n/cm−3)≈2.9 ± 0.6. Finally, we derive UV/optical line luminosity-star formation rate relations (log(Lline/erg s−1) = α log(SFR/M⊙ yr−1) + β) for different burstiness parameter (ks) values. We find that in the fiducial BPASS model, the relations have a negligible SFH dependence but depend strongly on the ks value, while in the SB99 case, the dominant dependence is on the SFH. We propose their potential use for characterising the burstiness of galaxies at high z.
Robotergestützte Herstellung von Lingualretainern bei komplexen
Dysgnathien
Authors: Böddeker Antonia , Scholz Sandra , Coenen Franziska , Niederau Christian , Modabber Ali , Wolf Michael , Knaup Isabel 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungNach Abschluss der aktiven kieferorthopädischen Therapie ist eine verlässliche
Stabilisierung des Behandlungsergebnisses insbesondere in komplexen
kieferorthopädisch-kieferchirurgischen Verfahren essenziell. Bei den
festsitzenden Retentionsgeräten hat sich gezeigt, dass die Langzeitstabilität
evident von der Materialeigenschaft beeinflusst wird. Lingualretainer aus
verseilten Stahldrähten sind in den letzten Jahren mit unerwünschten
Zahlstellungsänderungen in Verbindung gebracht worden, sodass die Verwendung von
Vierkantstahldrähten eine Alternative zur Herstellung von festsitzenden
Retainern darstellt und mittels CAD/CAM(Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided
Manufacturing)-Technologie individualisiert werden kann. Im nachfolgend
dokumentierten Patientenfall soll die Herstellung eines Retainers mithilfe eines
Chairside-Biegeroboters gezeigt werden und der Einsatz als präzise, innovative
und zeitsparende Alternative zum handgebogenen Retainer aus verseiltem
Stahldraht evaluiert werden.
Das Resonanz-Paradigma und psychisch belastete Jugendliche
Authors: Hillert Andreas , Hillert Sophia , Göhre Carolin , Surzykiewicz Janusz 
Published: December 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDer Soziologe Hartmut Rosa identifizierte Beschleunigung als zentrales Problem aktueller Entwicklungen. Als Lösung erkannte er unlängst Resonanz, definiert als spezifisches Phänomen in dem Individuen mit der Welt in Beziehung treten. Psychologisch-psychotherapeutische Aspekte sind in seiner Argumentation zentral. Das Paradigma verspricht psychische Probleme zu erklären und diesen präventiv bis therapeutisch zu begegnen.Das Resonanz-Paradigma wurde und wird im psychotherapeutischen Kontext zitiert, bislang aber nicht kritisch diskutiert. Im Beitrag wird das Paradigma empirischen Befunden zu Zielen, Werten und Belastungserleben gesunder und psychisch erkrankter Jugendlicher gegenüberstellt. Es wird deutlich, dass sich das Resonanz-Paradigma nicht operationalisieren und damit nicht in seinem u. a. therapeutischen Stellenwert evaluieren lässt. Zudem sind zentrale Grundannahmen Rosas bezüglich der Situation Jugendlicher nicht haltbar. Es werden Risiken deutlich, die sich aus einer selektiven Rezeption psychotherapeutischer Phänomene für soziologische Fragestellungen (bis hin zur „kritischen Theorie“) und umgekehrt, der Übernahme soziologischer Paradigmen in Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, ergeben.