bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“You Never Know Who's Looking at Your Page!”: African American Male Adolescents’ Perceptions of Emotional Display Rules Online
Authors: Galletta Horner Christy , Akiva Thomas 
Published: February 2019

Social network sites (SNSs) are a powerful new context for adolescent development. We qualitatively investigate African American adolescent boys’ (N = 50, mean age = 15.8) perceptions of emotional display rules onSNSs. We present and discuss a taxonomy of display rules for anger, sadness, embarrassment, and excitement. Perceived display rules around anger and sadness were most notable. Participants’ understandings of display rules around anger were complex and varied, with many describing threats of violence as marking the line between acceptable and unacceptable expressions. Although youth stated that expressing sadness viaSNScould garner emotional support, this was understood somewhat consistently as unacceptable. Overall, our findings suggest that perceptions of emotional display rules onSNSs are varied, complicated, and can be difficult to navigate.
Use of a novel vessel‐sealing device for peripheral lung biopsy and lung lobectomy in a cadaveric model
Authors: Brückner M. , Heblinski N. , Henrich M. 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveTo evaluate the Caiman vessel‐sealing device for peripheral lung biopsy and total lung lobectomy in cadaveric canine lung lobes.Material and MethodsTwelve lung lobes were randomly assigned to peripheral lung biopsy (n=6) or total lung lobectomy (n=6) with the 12‐mm Caiman vessel‐sealing device. Lungs were connected to a ventilator set at 10 breaths per minute with an initial pressure of 5 cm H2O during the procedure. The lungs were submerged in water for leak testing and the pressure increased until leakage occurred.ResultsMean airway pressure at which leakage occurred was 39.17 ±13.20 cm H2O for peripheral lung biopsies and 38.33 ±13.67 cm H2O for total lung lobectomies. None of the samples leaked below 25 cm H2O, which is well above the physiologic airway pressure. Histologically, the largest bronchial diameter at the sealed area was 8.84 mm and the extent of collateral damage was approximately 2.7 mm in all specimens.Clinical SignificanceThe Caiman vessel‐sealing device was successfully used for peripheral lung biopsy and total lung lobectomy in cadaveric canine lung lobes. All sealed lung lobes tolerated supra‐physiologic airway pressure, displayed minimal collateral damage, and were of good diagnostic quality. Further experimental studies are needed to evaluate the clinical safety of the device for peripheral lung biopsy or total lung lobectomy.
Comparison of the diagnostic value of symmetric dimethylarginine, cystatin C, and creatinine for detection of decreased glomerular filtration rate in dogs
Authors: Pelander Lena , Häggström Jens , Larsson Anders , Syme Harriet , Elliott Jonathan , Heiene Reidun , Ljungvall Ingrid 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundEarly detection of decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in dogs is challenging. Current methods are insensitive and new biomarkers are required.ObjectiveTo compare overall diagnostic performance of serum symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) and serum cystatin C to serum creatinine, for detection of decreased GFR in clinically stable dogs, with or without chronic kidney disease (CKD).AnimalsNinety‐seven client‐owned dogs: 67 dogs with a diagnosis or suspicion of CKD and 30 healthy dogs were prospectively included.MethodsProspective diagnostic accuracy study. All dogs underwent physical examination, systemic arterial blood pressure measurement, urinalysis, hematology and blood biochemistry analysis, cardiac and urinary ultrasound examinations, and scintigraphy for estimation of glomerular filtration rate (mGFR). Frozen serum was used for batch analysis of SDMA and cystatin C.ResultsThe area under the curve of creatinine, SDMA, and cystatin C for detection of an mGFR <30.8 mL/min/L was 0.98 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.93‐1.0), 0.96 (95% CI, 0.91‐0.99), and 0.87 (95% CI, 0.79‐0.93), respectively. The sensitivity of both creatinine and SDMA at their prespecified cutoffs (115 μmol/L [1.3 mg/dL] and 14 μg/dL) for detection of an abnormal mGFR was 90%. The specificity was 90% for creatinine and 87% for SDMA. When adjusting the cutoff for cystatin C to correspond to a diagnostic sensitivity of 90% (0.49 mg/L), specificity was lower (72%) than that of creatinine and SDMA.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceOverall diagnostic performance of creatinine and SDMA for detection of decreased mGFR was similar. Overall diagnostic performance of cystatin C was inferior to both creatinine and SDMA.
Evaluation of equine coronavirus fecal shedding among hospitalized horses
Authors: Sanz Macarena G. , Kwon SoYoung , Pusterla Nicola , Gold Jenifer R. , Bain Fairfield , Evermann Jim 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundCurrently, diagnosis of equine coronavirus (ECoV) relies on the exclusion of other infectious causes of enteric disease along with molecular detection of ECoV in feces or tissue. Although this approach is complete, it is costly and may not always be achievable.ObjectiveWe hypothesized that the overall fecal shedding of ECoV in hospitalized horses is low. Our objective was to determine whether systemically healthy horses and horses with gastrointestinal disorders shed ECoV in their feces at the time of admission to a referral hospital and after 48 hours of stress associated with hospitalization.AnimalsOne‐hundred thirty adult horses admitted to the Washington State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital for gastrointestinal disease (n = 65) or for imaging under anesthesia (n = 65) that were hospitalized for 48 hours. Owner consent was obtained before sampling.MethodsFecal samples were collected at admission and 48 hours later. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for ECoV and electron microscopy (EM) were performed on all samples.ResultsOnly 1 of 258 fecal samples was PCR‐positive for ECoV. Electron microscopy identified ECoV‐like particles in 9 of 258 samples, parvovirus‐like particles in 4 of 258 samples, and rotavirus‐like particles in 1 of 258 samples.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe presence of ECoV in feces of hospitalized adult horses was low. Thus, fecal samples that are PCR‐positive for ECoV in adult horses that have clinical signs consistent with this viral infection are likely to be of diagnostic relevance. The clinical relevance of the viruses observed using EM remains to be investigated.
Plasma citrulline, arginine, nitric oxide, and blood ammonia levels in neonatal calves with acute diarrhea
Authors: Gultekin Mehmet , Voyvoda Huseyin , Ural Kerem , Erdogan Hasan , Balikci Canberk , Gultekin Gamze 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundPlasma citrulline (CIT) concentration is considered to be a reliable marker of functional enterocyte mass, primarily in humans. However, information about CIT levels along with related metabolites, arginine (ARG), nitric oxide (NO), and ammonia in neonatal calves are lacking.ObjectivesTo compare plasma CIT, ARG, NO, and whole blood ammonia concentrations in neonatal calves with acute diarrhea with those in healthy calves and to assess their possible relationships with diarrhea‐related criteria.AnimalsSeventy neonatal calves (60 with acute diarrhea and 10 healthy).MethodsObservational case‐control study. Diarrheic calves were classified into subgroups on the basis of etiology, severity of diarrhea, degree of dehydration, and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) status. Plasma CIT and ARG concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.ResultsPlasma CIT (median [range]: 67.5 [61.9‐75.4] vs 30.1 [15.0‐56.1] μmol/L) and ARG (170.7 [148.5‐219.5] vs 106.1 [54.4‐190.7] μmol/L) were lower and plasma NO (4.42 [3.29‐5.58] vs 6.78 [5.29‐8.92] μM) and blood ammonia concentrations (28.7 [26.1‐36.9] vs 59.8 [34.6‐99.5] μmol/L) were higher in the neonatal calves with diarrhea (P < .001). Plasma CIT (β = −0.29,P = .02), ARG (β = −0.33,P = .01), NO (β = 0.55,P < .001), and blood ammonia (β = 0.63,P<.001) were affected by SIRS status. Except for ammonia (0.52), the effects sizes for severity of diarrhea and degree of dehydration were small (ηp2 ≤ 0.45) for CIT, ARG, and NO.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe changes in these variables might have diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic value in diarrheic neonatal calves.
The impact of age and ageing on hepatocarcinoma surgery: Short‐ and long‐term outcomes in a multicentre propensity‐matched cohort
Authors: Famularo Simone , Di Sandro Stefano , Giani Alessandro , Angrisani Marco , Lauterio Andrea , Romano Fabrizio , Gianotti Luca , De Carlis Luciano 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundManagement of malignancy in elderly patients is challenging. We aimed to assess the impact of age and ageing on overall survival (OS), recurrence‐free survival (RFS), tumour‐specific survival (TSS) and potential years of life lost (PYLL) after surgery for hepatocarcinoma (HCC).MethodsConsecutive patients treated for HCC between 2005 and 2015 were evaluated. Patients were divided according to age‐decade. Afterwards, elderly patients (≥75 years) were compared with patients < 75 years. A 1:1 propensity matching was used to reduce the risk of bias. Survival was estimated by Kaplan‐Meier method and Cox regression analysis.ResultsFour hundred and thirty‐nine patients were stratified: group 1 (age ≤ 55, n = 72), group 2 (age: 56‐65, n = 133), group 3 (age: 66‐74, n = 141) and group 4 (age ≥ 75, n = 93). Group 1 had the highest median PYLL (27.6, IQR 24.6‐32.5) while group 4 the lowest (2.0, IQR 0‐9.6; P < 0.001). Comparing elderly vs younger, there were no significant differences in terms of OS (P = 0.054), TSS (P = 0.321) and RFS (P = 0.240). Ageing was the only variable associated with post‐operative complications (OR: 2.51; 95% CI: 1.23‐5.13; P = 0.025) and liver‐related morbidity was an independent predictor of OS. (HR 2.49, 95% CI: 1.34‐4.64, P = 0.004).ConclusionAgeing per se is not an absolute contraindication for liver resection, given the acceptable oncologic long‐term prognosis, but the worse short‐term outcomes in the elderly should induce an accurate patient selection.
Duodenal low‐grade inflammation and expression of tight junction proteins in functional dyspepsia
Authors: Taki Masato , Oshima Tadayuki , Li Min , Sei Hiroo , Tozawa Katsuyuki , Tomita Toshihiko , Fukui Hirokazu , Watari Jiro , Miwa Hiroto 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundDuodenal changes in functional dyspepsia (FD) might be related to the development of symptoms. However, relationships among low‐grade inflammation, Helicobacter pylori infection, and protein expression by tight junctions (TJs) in the duodenum are unclear. We therefore aimed to determine whether duodenal inflammation and genes associated with TJ proteins are associated with FD.MethodsWe evaluated inflammatory cell infiltration of the duodenum, H pylori infection, and genes associated with TJ proteins in duodenal biopsy specimens from 35 patients with FD according to the Rome III diagnostic questionnaire and from 31 asymptomatic controls without structural diseases. We immunohistochemically detected eosinophils and mast cells and counted them. The expression of claudins, occludin, and zonula occludens (ZO)‐1 mRNA was evaluated using quantitative RT‐PCR. Infection with H pylori was determined by measuring serum antibodies, rapid urease or urea breath tests, and endoscopic findings.ResultsSex, age, and H pyloriinfection rates did not differ between patients with FD and controls. The numbers of eosinophils and mast cells were significantly increased in patients with FD compared with controls and were significantly correlated. Inflammatory cell counts in the duodenum were not associated with H pylori infection status. Claudin‐3 mRNA expression was increased in the patients with FD.ConclusionsSubtle inflammation identified in the duodenum of patients with FD might be associated with the onset and persistence of dyspeptic symptoms.
Probiotics in late infancy reduce the incidence of eczema: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Schmidt Rikke Meineche , Pilmann Laursen Rikke , Bruun Signe , Larnkjær Anni , Mølgaard Christian , Michaelsen Kim F. , Høst Arne 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundAllergic diseases are common and represent a considerable health and economic burden worldwide. We aimed to examine the effect of a combination of two probiotic strains administered in late infancy and early childhood on the development of allergic diseases and sensitization.MethodsIn this double‐blind, placebo‐controlled intervention trial, participants were randomized to receive a daily mixture of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis or placebo—starting prior to attending day care. The intervention period was 6 months, and the parents answered web‐based questionnaires on allergic symptoms and doctor's diagnosed allergic disease monthly. IgE was measured at baseline and follow‐up.ResultsA total of 290 participants were randomized: 144 in the probiotic group and 146 in the placebo group. Mean age at intervention start was 10.1 months. At follow‐up (mean age 16.1 months), the incidence of eczema was 4.2% in the probiotic group and 11.5% in the placebo group (P = 0.036). The incidence of asthma and conjunctivitis did not differ between groups, and no children presented with rhinitis. Sensitization was equal in the two groups at intervention start (7.5% and 9.5%, respectively), and two children in each group were sensitized during the intervention.ConclusionsWe observed a significantly lower incidence of eczema in the probiotic group compared to the placebo group. The probiotics were administered in late infancy—prior to attending day care—suggesting a broader window of opportunity using probiotics in the prevention of eczema. The incidence of asthma, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and sensitization did not differ.
The art of distraction: How to compile and use a distraction kit in pediatric dermatology
Authors: Hoernke Jennifer M. , Schoch Jennifer J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPainful procedures are inevitable in pediatric dermatology. Even though the procedures required are typically brief, there is great variability in children's ability to cope. Adequately preparing children for procedures and utilizing distraction tools can ease the anxiety of children, caregivers, and providers.
Redox transients of P680 associated with the incremental chlorophyll‐a fluorescence yield rises elicited by a series of saturating flashes in diuron‐treated photosystem II core complex of Thermosynechococcus vulcanus
Authors: Sipka Gábor , Müller Pavel , Brettel Klaus , Magyar Melinda , Kovács László , Zhu Qingjun , Xiao Yanan , Han Guangye , Lambrev Petar H. , Shen Jian‐Ren , Garab Győző 
Published: February 2019

Recent chlorophyll‐a fluorescence yield measurements, using single‐turnover saturating flashes (STSFs), have revealed the involvement of a rate‐limiting step in the reactions following the charge separation induced by the first flash. As also shown here, in diuron‐inhibited PSII core complexes isolated from Thermosynechococcus vulcanus the fluorescence maximum could only be reached by a train of STSFs. In order to elucidate the origin of the fluorescence yield increments in STSF series, we performed transient absorption measurements at 819 nm, reflecting the photooxidation and re‐reduction kinetics of the primary electron donor P680. Upon single flash excitation of the dark‐adapted sample, the decay kinetics could be described with lifetimes of 17 ns (∼50%) and 167 ns (∼30%), and a longer‐lived component (∼20%). This kinetics are attributed to re‐reduction of P680•+ by the donor side of PSII. In contrast, upon second‐flash (with Δt between 5 μs and 100 ms) or repetitive excitation, the 819 nm absorption changes decayed with lifetimes of about 2 ns (∼60%) and 10 ns (∼30%), attributed to recombination of the primary radical pair P680•+Pheo•–, and a small longer‐lived component (∼10%). These data confirm that only the first STSF is capable of generating stable charge separation – leading to the reduction of QA; and thus, the fluorescence yield increments elicited by the consecutive flashes must have a different physical origin. Our double‐flash experiments indicate that the rate‐limiting steps, detected by chlorophyll‐a fluorescence, are not correlated with the turnover of P680.
On the Limits of the Precautionary Principle
Authors: Stefánsson H. Orri 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe precautionary principle (PP) is an influential principle of risk management. It has been widely introduced into environmental legislation, and it plays an important role in most international environmental agreements. Yet, there is little consensus on precisely how to understand and formulate the principle. In this article I prove some impossibility results for two plausible formulations of the PP as a decision‐rule. These results illustrate the difficulty in making the PP consistent with the acceptance of any tradeoffs between catastrophic risks and more ordinary goods. How one interprets these results will, however, depend on one's views and commitments. For instance, those who are convinced that the conditions in the impossibility results are requirements of rationality may see these results as undermining the rationality of the PP. But others may simply take these results to identify a set of purported rationality conditions that defenders of the PP should not accept, or to illustrate types of situations in which the principle should not be applied.
A Comparison of Sample Survey Measures of Earnings of English Graduates with Administrative Data
Authors: Britton Jack , Shephard Neil , Vignoles Anna 
Published: February 2019

SummaryAdministrative data sets are increasingly used in research because of their excellent coverage and large scale. However, in the UK the use of administrative data on individuals’ earnings, and particularly graduates’ earnings, is novel. Understanding the strengths and weaknesses of such data is important as they are set to be used extensively for research and to inform policy. Here we compare survey-based labour earnings data from the UK's Labour Force Survey (LFS) with UK Government administrative sources of individual level earnings data, focusing separately on young (up to age 32 years) graduates and non-graduates. This type of administrative data set has few sample selection issues and is longitudinal and its large samples mean that the earnings of subpopulations can potentially be studied with low error. Overall we find a similar share of individuals with zero earnings in the LFS and administrative data, but a considerably higher share (conditionally on working) earning below £8000 in the administrative data. The LFS has generally higher earnings right through the distribution, though above the median a large share of the differences can potentially be explained by employee pension contributions. We also find considerably larger gender difference in the survey data. The findings hold for both graduates and non-graduates. These differences are substantively important and suggest different conclusions about the gender wage gap, the graduate earnings premium and the extent of earnings inequality.
Global Contraceptive Failure Rates: Who Is Most at Risk?
Authors: Bradley Sarah E.K. , Polis Chelsea B. , Bankole Akinrinola , Croft Trevor 
Published: February 2019

AbstractContraceptive failure is a major contributor to unintended pregnancy worldwide. DHS retrospective calendars, which are the most widely used data source for estimating contraceptive failure in low‐income countries, vary in quality across countries and surveys. We identified surveys with the most reliable calendar data and analyzed 105,322 episodes of contraceptive use from 15 DHSs conducted between 1992 and 2014. We estimate contraceptive method‐specific 12‐month failure rates. We also examined how failure rates vary by age, education, socioeconomic status, contraceptive intention, residence, and marital status using multilevel piecewise exponential hazard models. Our failure rate estimates are significantly lower than results from the United States and slightly higher than previous studies that included more DHS surveys, including some with lower‐quality data. We estimate age‐specific global contraceptive failure rates and find strong, consistent age patterns with the youngest users experiencing failure rates up to ten times higher than older women for certain methods. Failure also varies by socioeconomic status, with the poorest, and youngest, women at highest risk of experiencing unintended pregnancy due to failure.
Cryopreservation of UVC pathogen‐inactivated platelets
Authors: Waters Lauren , Padula Matthew P. , Marks Denese C. , Johnson Lacey 
Published: February 2019

BACKGROUNDExtending the platelet (PLT) shelf life and enhancing product safety may be achieved by combining cryopreservation and pathogen inactivation (PI). Although studied individually, limited investigations into combining these treatments has been performed. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of PI treating PLTs before cryopreservation on in vitro PLT quality and function.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSABO‐matched buffy coat–derived PLTs in PLT additive solution (SSP+; Macopharma) were pooled and split to form matched pairs (n = 8). One unit remained untreated and the other was treated with the THERAFLEX UV‐Platelets System (UVC; Macopharma). For cryopreservation, 5% to 6% dimethyl sulfoxide was added to the PLTs, and they were frozen at −80°C. After being thawed, untreated cryopreserved PLTs (CPPs) and UVC‐treated CPPs (UVC‐CPPs) were resuspended in plasma. In vitro quality was assessed immediately after thawing and after 24 hours of room temperature storage.RESULTSUVC‐CPPs had lower in vitro recovery compared to CPPs. By flow cytometry, PLTs demonstrated a similar abundance of GPIX (CD42a), GPIIb (CD41a), and GPIbα (CD42b‐HIP1), while the activation of GPIIb/IIIa (PAC‐1) was increased in UVC‐CPPs compared to CPPs. UVC‐CPPs demonstrated greater phosphatidylserine exposure (annexin V) and microparticle shedding but similar P‐selectin (CD62P) abundance compared to CPPs. UVC‐CPPs displayed similar functionality to CPPs when assessed using aggregometry, thromboelastography, and thrombin generation.CONCLUSIONSThis study demonstrates the feasibility of cryopreserving UVC‐PI–treated PLT products. UVC‐PI treatment may increase the susceptibility of PLTs to damage caused during cryopreservation, but this is more pronounced during postthaw storage at room temperature.