bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systemic therapy in the management of localized and locally advanced renal cell carcinoma: Current state and future perspectives
Authors: Berquist Sean W , Yim Kendrick , Ryan Stephen T , Patel Sunil H , Eldefrawy Ahmed , Cotta Brittney H , Bradshaw Aaron W , Meagher Margaret F , Bindayi Ahmet , McKay Rana R , Autorino Riccardo , Staehler Michael , Derweesh Ithaar H 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSystemic therapy strategies in the setting of localized and locally advanced renal cell carcinoma have continued to evolve in two directions: (i) as adjuvant therapy (to reduce the risk of recurrence or progression in high‐risk localized groups); or (ii) as neoadjuvant therapy as a strategy to render primary renal tumors amenable to planned surgical resection in settings where radical resection or nephron‐sparing surgery was not thought to be safe or feasible. In the realm of adjuvant therapy, the results of adjuvant therapy phase III randomized clinical trials have been mixed and contradictory; nevertheless, the findings of the landmark Sunitinib Treatment of Renal Adjuvant Cancer study have led to approval of sunitinib as an adjuvant agent in the USA. In the realm of neoadjuvant therapy, presurgical tumor reduction has been shown in a number of phase II studies utilizing targeted molecular agents and in a recently published small randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled study, and an expanding body of literature suggests benefit in select patients. Thus, large randomized clinical trial data are not present to support this approach, and guidelines for use of presurgical therapy have not been promulgated. The advent of immunomodulation through checkpoint inhibition represents an exciting horizon for adjuvant and neoadjuvant strategies. The present article reviews the current status and future prospects of adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapy in localized and locally advanced renal cell carcinoma.
Pilot feasibility study of the Walking Away from Diabetes programme for adults with intellectual disabilities in two further education colleges: Process evaluation findings
Authors: Maine Andrew , Brown Michael J. , Dickson Adele , Truesdale Maria 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundPeople with intellectual disabilities remain at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) due to lifestyle‐associated risk factors. Educational programmes have been adapted for people with intellectual disabilities targeting ongoing T2D self‐management. However, there are no adapted programmes which aim to prevent T2D through reducing risk factors. The present study initiates addressing this gap.MethodsFurther education (FE) colleges in Scotland were recruited for feasibility study using the Walking Away (WA) from Diabetes programme. Process evaluation assessed recruitment, retention, baseline physical activity levels, and acceptability and accessibility using focus groups.ResultsNinety six percent of invited students agreed to participate. WA was positively received, and some short‐term impact was described. Suggestions for further adaptations regarding materials, delivery and content were provided, including delivery embedded within FE college curriculum.ConclusionsRecruitment, retention and acceptability provide rationale for further research on T2D prevention in FE colleges.
Social movement in stages: a reply to Shultziner and Goldberg
Authors: Elliott‐Maksymowicz Katarzyna 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis paper is a reply to Doron Shultziner and Sarah Goldberg's article The Stages of Mass Mobilization: Separate Phenomena and Distinct Causal Mechanisms. The article recognizes the theoretical contribution of the study, in particular the re‐introduction of the largely neglected stage approach in social movement studies. It then raises two major concerns related to how the authors narrow their approach to single episodes of mass mobilization and how definitively they distinguish movement stages.
Rice sulfoquinovosyltransferase SQD2.1 mediates flavonoid glycosylation and enhances tolerance to osmotic stress
Authors: Zhan Xinqiao , Shen Qingwen , Chen Jie , Yang Pei , Wang Xuemin , Hong Yueyun 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSulfoquinovosyltransferase 2 (SQD2) catalyses the final step in the sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG) biosynthetic pathway. It is involved in the phosphate starvation response. Here, we show that rice SQD2.1 has dual activities catalysing SQDG synthesis and flavonoid glycosylation. SQD2.1 null mutants (sqd2.1) in rice had decreased levels of glycosidic flavonoids, particularly apigenin 7‐O‐glucoside (A7G), whereas these metabolites were increased in rice plants overexpressing SQD2.1. The sqd2.1 mutants and SQD2.1 overexpressing lines showed reduced and enhanced, respectively, tolerance to salinity and drought. Treating the sqd2.1 mutants with A7G decreased oxidative damage and restored stress tolerance to the wild‐type levels. These findings demonstrate that SQD2.1 has a novel function in the glycosylation of flavonoids that is required for osmotic stress tolerance in rice. The novel activity of SQD2.1 in the production of glycosidic flavonoids improves scavenging of reactive oxygen species and protects against excessive oxidation.
Extending the metatheoretical framework of social/political influence to leadership: Political skill effects on situational appraisals, responses, and evaluations by others
Authors: Frieder Rachel E. , Ferris Gerald R. , Perrewé Pamela L. , Wihler Andreas , Brooks C. Darren 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBuilding off and extending the metatheoretical framework of political skill, we examined the cognitive and behavioral mechanisms through which the intrapsychic effects of political skill inform its interpersonal effects, and how these interpersonal effects ultimately are transmitted into desirable outcomes. Specifically, we argue that politically skilled leaders demonstrate better situational appraisals (i.e., understanding), and thus, more appropriate situational responses (e.g., consideration and initiating structure behaviors); the demonstration of appropriate situational responses is argued to positively affect subordinates’ evaluations of their leaders (i.e., instrumentality) and subordinates’ concomitant attitudes (e.g., job satisfaction) and behaviors (e.g., performance). Results provided mixed support for the hypothesized relationships. Specifically, leader understanding mediated the relationship between political skill and consideration but not the relationship between political skill and structuring behaviors. Moreover, consideration was positively related to subordinates’ group‐level instrumentality perceptions, whereas initiating structure was not. Finally, subordinates’ individual (within‐level) perceptions of leader instrumentality were positively related to job satisfaction and performance. The implications of these findings as they relate to theory and practice are discussed along with this investigation's strengths, limitations, and directions for future research.
Leveraging Administrative Data to Better Serve Children and Families
Authors: Fischer Robert L. , Richter Francisca García‐Cobián , Anthony Elizabeth , Lalich Nina , Coulton Claudia 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe challenge of complex social issues drives the need for data systems that can connect information across multiple service delivery systems. Integrated data systems provide significant value for needs assessment, program planning, policy decision making, and collective impact evaluation across a range of social issues. This case study describes a mature county‐based integrated data system. The case study has three aims: (1) to highlight the value of integrated data systems to research, (2) to outline common challenges that such initiatives face, and (3) to present several ongoing considerations for the field that could inform policy recommendations to facilitate the use of integrated data. The authors present examples from the experience of developing this integrated data system, including involvement in the design and evaluation of the first county‐level social impact bond. The case study highlights the benefits and limitations of integrated data use in research and the potential to advance evidence‐based social decision making.
Evaluation of unsatisfactory student performance
Authors: Pratt Maria 
Published: April 2019

SummaryBackgroundThe ‘failure to fail’ phenomenon has been reported in studies involving preceptors and students in nursing and in other practice professions, but it has yet to be the subject of exploration among clinical nursing instructors. Research has revealed that assigning a failing grade in a practice profession is not always a straightforward task; however, passing students who are incompetent in their nursing practice could have a deleterious impact on the quality and delivery of patient care.MethodsThe author interviewed eight clinical instructors who had failed unsatisfactory students to gain an in‐depth understanding of each instructor's experience in evaluating these students. Gadamer's hermeneutic principles were used to interpret the interview texts and dialogue with the participants through the hermeneutic circle of understanding, use of the researcher's prior experience and openness to new understanding.FindingsThe experiences of the clinical instructors in this study suggest that they have struggled with their emotions, particularly when they were novices, during the multiple personal, professional and organisational challenges that they have encountered within their teaching roles and responsibilities.DiscussionThe difficulties and challenges highlighted in this study may offer insight for academic stakeholders in nursing schools on how to mitigate these issues through developing an onboarding orientation and mentorship programme that will support faculty member development in the evaluation of unsatisfactory student performance.
Genetic interactions reveal the antagonistic roles of FT/TSF and TFL1 in the determination of inflorescence meristem identity in Arabidopsis
Authors: Lee Chunghee , Kim Soo‐Jin , Jin Suhyun , Susila Hendry , Youn Geummin , Nasim Zeeshan , Alavilli Hemasundar , Chung Kyung‐Sook , Yoo Seong Jeon , Ahn Ji Hoon 
Published: April 2019

SummaryDuring the transition to the reproductive phase, the shoot apical meristem switches from the developmental program that generates vegetative organs to instead produce flowers. In this study, we examined the genetic interactions of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT)/TWIN SISTER OF FT (TSF) and TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1) in the determination of inflorescence meristem identity in Arabidopsis thaliana. The ft‐10 tsf‐1 mutants produced a compact inflorescence surrounded by serrated leaves (hyper‐vegetative shoot) at the early bolting stage, as did plants overexpressing TFL1. Plants overexpressing FT or TSF (or both FT and TFL1) generated a terminal flower, as did tfl1‐20 mutants. The terminal flower formed in tfl1‐20 mutants converted to a hyper‐vegetative shoot in ft‐10 tsf‐1 mutants. Grafting ft‐10 tsf‐1 or ft‐10 tsf‐1 tfl1‐20 mutant scions to 35S::FT rootstock plants produced a normal inflorescence and a terminal flower in the scion plants, respectively, although both scions showed similar early flowering. Misexpression of FT in the vasculature and in the shoot apex in wild‐type plants generated a normal inflorescence and a terminal flower, respectively. By contrast, in ft‐10 tsf‐1 mutants the vasculature‐specific misexpression of FT converted the hyper‐vegetative shoot to a normal inflorescence, and in the ft‐10 tsf‐1 tfl1‐20 mutants converted the shoot to a terminal flower. TFL1 levels did not affect the inflorescence morphology caused by FT/TSF overexpression at the early bolting stage. Taking these results together, we proposed that FT/TSF and TFL1 play antagonistic roles in the determination of inflorescence meristem identity, and that FT/TSF are more important than TFL1 in this process.
Prehospital whole blood resuscitation prevents coagulopathy and improves acid–base status at hospital arrival in a nonhuman primate hemorrhagic shock model
Authors: Sheppard Forest R. , Mitchell Thomas A. , Cap Andrew P. , Schaub Leasha J. , Macko Antoni R. , Glaser Jacob J. 
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUNDHemorrhage remains the primary cause of preventable death in civilian and military trauma. The Committee on Tactical Combat Casualty Care recommends prehospital (PH) resuscitation with whole blood (WB). However, 6% hetastarch in lactated electrolyte (HEX) and crystalloids are more commonly available and used for PH resuscitation in military and civilian environments, respectively. The mechanistic benefits of PH WB resuscitation have not been well studied and remain to be elucidated.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThe aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in simulated PH WB and HEX resuscitation, specifically with regards to coagulation, physiologic, and metabolic outcomes to better elucidate the mechanistic benefits of WB. In a randomized study, the physiologic, coagulation, and metabolic responses to simulated PH WB (n = 12) or HEX (n = 12) were evaluated in a nonhuman primate model of severe polytraumatic hemorrhagic shock.RESULTSNotable findings included 1) equivalence of shock reversal between simulated PH WB and HEX treatment groups as determined by hemodynamics and base deficit and 2) prevention of coagulopathy at simulated hospital arrival with initial WB resuscitation as determined by viscoelastic and plasmatic coagulation assays.CONCLUSIONThe major benefit of WB, as compared to HEX, in simulated PH resuscitation appears to be prevention of coagulopathy at hospital arrival. Both fluids effectively reversed shock in this model, implying that efficacious provision preload (cardiac output support and hence oxygen delivery) and coagulation proteins (prevention of coagulopathy) are mechanisms underlying WB's effectiveness in early resuscitation of hemorrhagic shock.
Effect of recombinant human nerve growth factor eye drops in patients with dry eye: a phase IIa, open label, multiple-dose study
Authors: Sacchetti Marta , Lambiase Alessandro , Schmidl Doreen , Schmetterer Leopold , Ferrari Mauro , Mantelli Flavio , Allegretti Marcello , Garhoefer Gerhard 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundDry eye disease (DED) affects more than 14% of the elderly population causing decrease of quality of life, high costs and vision impairment. Current treatments for DED aim at lubricating and controlling inflammation of the ocular surface. Development of novel therapies targeting different pathogenic mechanisms is sought-after. The aim of this study is to evaluate safety and efficacy of recombinant human nerve growth factor (rhNGF) eye drops in patients with DED.MethodsForty consecutive patients with moderate to severe DED were included in a phase IIa, prospective, open label, multiple-dose, clinical trial to receive rhNGF eye drops at 20 µg/mL (Group 1: G1) or at 4 µg/mL (Group 2: G2) concentrations, two times a day in both eyes for 28 days (NCT02101281). The primary outcomes measures were treatment-emerged adverse events (AE), Symptoms Assessment in Dry Eye (SANDE) scale, ocular surface staining and Schirmer test.ResultsOf 40 included patients, 39 completed the trial. Both tested rhNGF eye drop concentrations were safe and well tolerated. Twenty-nine patients experienced at least one AE (14 in G1 and 15 in G2), of which 11 had at least 1 related AE (8 in G1 and 3 in G2). Both frequency and severity of DED symptoms and ocular surface damage showed significant improvement in both groups, while tear function improved only in G1.ConclusionsThe data of this study indicate that rhNGF eye drops in both doses is safe and effective in improving symptoms and signs of DED. Randomised clinical trials are ongoing to confirm the therapeutic benefit of rhNGF in DED.Trial registration numberNCT02101281.
Walk Score and objectively measured physical activity within a national cohort
Authors: Twardzik Erica , Judd Suzanne , Bennett Aleena , Hooker Steven , Howard Virginia , Hutto Brent , Clarke Philippa , Colabianchi Natalie 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundThere have been mixed findings regarding the relationship between walkability and level of physical activity in adults.MethodsParticipants from The REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) national cohort (N=7561) were used to examine the association between Walk Score and physical activity measured via accelerometry. The subsample included geographically diverse adults, who identified as black or white, and were over the age of 45. Linear regression was used to examine the direct effects, as well as the interaction, of Walk Score by sex, age and race.ResultsThe majority of participants lived in a ‘Very Car-Dependent’ location (N=4115). Only 527 lived in a location that was ‘Very Walkable/Walker’s Paradise’. Living in a location with a Walk Score of ‘Very Car-Dependent’ compared with ‘Very Walkable/Walker’s Paradise’ was associated with 19% (0.81; 95% CI 0.73 to 0.90) lower predicted minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity per day, after adjustment for covariates. There was no evidence of statistically significant interactions between Walk Score and sex, age or race (p>0.05).ConclusionAccumulated daily time in moderate to vigorous physical activity was higher for participants living in neighbourhoods designated as ‘Very Walkable/Walker’s Paradise’. This effect was not moderated by sex, age or race of participants.
Large nonlinear Hall effect in (FeCo)0.67Ge0.33/Ge heterojunctions
Authors: Pei Juan , Xiao Shu-Qin , He Li-Min , Zhang Kun , Li Huan-Huan , Yang Ai-Chun , Dai You-Yong , Kang Shi-Shou , Yan Shi-Shen 
Published: April 2019

The large nonlinear Hall effect was found in (FeCo)[Formula: see text]Ge[Formula: see text]/Ge heterojunctions formed by sputtering amorphous [Formula: see text]-type (FeCo)[Formula: see text]Ge[Formula: see text] magnetic semiconductor films on near intrinsic n-type Ge substrate. It is very interesting that the mechanisms of the large nonlinear Hall effect in (FeCo)[Formula: see text]Ge[Formula: see text]/Ge heterojunctions are different at different temperature ranges. Below 10 K, the Hall resistance of (FeCo)[Formula: see text]Ge[Formula: see text]/Ge heterojunctions is almost the same as the anomalous Hall effect of (FeCo)[Formula: see text]Ge[Formula: see text] ferromagnetic films. While the temperature increased from 10 to 60 K, the nonlinear Hall resistance, longitudinal conductance, and magnetoresistance all increased quickly and reached the maximum at T[Formula: see text]=[Formula: see text]60 K. In this case, thermally excited conducting carriers can tunnel through the interfacial potential barrier in (FeCo)[Formula: see text]Ge[Formula: see text]/Ge heterojunctions. Thus, in the range of 10–60 K, the enhanced nonlinear Hall resistance can be attributed to the anomalous Hall effect which was further enhanced by interfacial Rashba spin–orbit coupling effect. When the temperature further increased from 60 to 250 K, the interfacial potential barrier weakened gradually, and the Hall resistance and magnetoresistance decreased due to the shunting of the Ge substrate. In this case, the nonlinear Hall effect of (FeCo)[Formula: see text]Ge[Formula: see text]/Ge heterojunctions can be explained very well by the two-band model of nonlinear Hall effect.
Rationale and Design of EMPOWER, a Pragmatic Randomized Trial of Automated Hovering in Patients With Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Mehta Shivan J. , Volpp Kevin G. , Asch David A. , Goldberg Lee R. , Russell Louise B. , Norton Laurie A. , Iannotte Lauren G. , Troxel Andrea B. 
Published: April 2019

Background:
Congestive heart failure is a major cause of morbidity, mortality, and cost. Disease management programs have shown promise but lack firm evidence of effectiveness and scalability. We describe the motivation, design, and planned analyses of EMPOWER (Electronic Monitoring of Patients Offers Ways to Enhance Recovery), a randomized clinical trial of an innovative intervention incorporating behavioral economic principles with remote monitoring technology embedded within a healthcare system.

Methods and Results:
EMPOWER is an ongoing, pragmatic, randomized clinical trial comparing usual care to an automated hovering intervention that includes patient-level incentives for daily weight monitoring and diuretic adherence combined with automated feedback into the clinical care pathway, enabling real-time response to concerning clinical symptoms. Identification of eligible patients began in May 2016, and implementation of the intervention is feasible. Trial processes are embedded into existing clinical pathways. The primary outcome is time to readmission for any cause. Cost-effectiveness analyses are planned to evaluate the healthcare costs and health outcomes of the approach.

Conclusions:
The EMPOWER trial incorporates leading-edge approaches in human motivation, derived from behavioral economics, with contemporary technology to provide scale and exception handling at low cost. The trial is also implemented within the naturalized environment of a health system, as much as possible taking advantage of the existing journeys of patients and workflows of clinicians. A goal of this pragmatic design is to limit resource utilization and also to test an intervention that would need minimal modification to be translated from research into a new way of practice.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02708654.
Twelve Years of Daily Weather Descriptions in North America in the Eighteenth Century (Mexico City, 1775–86)
Authors: Domínguez-Castro F. , Gallego M. C. , Vaquero J. M. , Herrera R. García , Peña-Gallardo M. , El Kenawy A. , Vicente-Serrano S. M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe weather diary of Felipe de Zúñiga y Ontiveros was recorded in Mexico City from 1775 to 1786. It is the earliest meteorological observational record of Mexico. The diary provides daily meteorological information for rain frequency, temperature, frost, hail, thunderstorms, and wind, with higher resolution than any other contemporary documentation or natural proxy from this region. The seasonal distributions of rainy days, temperature, hail, and thunderstorms correspond well with those from the Tacubaya Observatory in Mexico City (1886–2016). Two drought periods (1780/81 and 1785/86) and one wet period (1782/83) were identified. The drought spanning from 1785 to 1786 is known in the literature as “the hunger year” because it represented the most severe famine during the colonial period (1521–1821). This paper analyzes—for the first time—this event at a daily scale. Similar to the reported droughts of 1909/10 and 2010/11, 1785/86 was a very dry period. But the dry conditions of 1785 were followed by intense frosts that started in late August and continued through September and October. This combination led to the destruction of crops and subsequent famine. The duration of the frost does not have analogs during the instrumental period, probably because of the intense warming and land changes registered over the last years in the region.