bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Priorities to Overcome Barriers Impacting Data Science Application in Emergency Care Research
Authors: Puskarich Michael A. , Callaway Clif , Silbergleit Robert , Pines Jesse M. , Obermeyer Ziad , Wright David W. , Hsia Renee Y. , Shah Manish N. , Monte Andrew A. , Limkakeng Alexander T. , Meisel Zachary F. , Levy Phillip D. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFor a variety of reasons including cheap computing, widespread adoption of electronic medical records, digitalization of imaging and biosignals, and rapid development of novel technologies, the amount of health care data being collected, recorded, and stored is increasing at an exponential rate. Yet despite these advances, methods for the valid, efficient, and ethical utilization of these data remain underdeveloped. Emergency care research, in particular, poses several unique challenges in this rapidly evolving field. A group of content experts was recently convened to identify research priorities related to barriers to the application of data science to emergency care research. These recommendations included: 1) developing methods for cross‐platform identification and linkage of patients; 2) creating central, deidentified, open‐access databases; 3) improving methodologies for visualization and analysis of intensively sampled data; 4) developing methods to identify and standardize electronic medical record data quality; 5) improving and utilizing natural language processing; 6) developing and utilizing syndrome or complaint‐based based taxonomies of disease; 7) developing practical and ethical framework to leverage electronic systems for controlled trials; 8) exploring technologies to help enable clinical trials in the emergency setting; and 9) training emergency care clinicians in data science and data scientists in emergency care medicine. The background, rationale, and conclusions of these recommendations are included in the present article.
Temporal longevity of unidirectional and dynamic filters to faunal recolonization in post‐mining forest restoration
Authors: Craig Michael D. , Smith Megan E. , Stokes Vicki L. , Hardy Giles E. STJ. , Hobbs Richard J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the factors, or filters, that preclude the recolonization of, and population persistence in, restoration areas by fauna is important for maximizing the biodiversity benefits of restoration. We investigated filters through a long‐term study examining reptile and mammal recolonization of, and population persistence in, post‐mining restoration in the northern jarrah forest of southwestern Australia. Neither mammal community composition, nor individual mammal species, differed between unmined forest and restoration but reptile communities did and some reptile species were significantly less abundant in restoration than in unmined forest. We concluded that there were no filters to mammal recolonization and persistence but that there were both unidirectional (decreasing gradually over time) and dynamic (fluctuating over time) filters to reptile recolonization of post‐mining restoration that influenced both recolonization and population persistence of some reptile species. Low volumes of coarse woody debris appeared to be a unidirectional filter that will slow recolonization by some reptile species for decades or even centuries. Canopy cover appeared to be a dynamic filter that fluctuated over a period of >7 years and precluded population persistence of some reptile species that had already recolonized the post‐mining restoration. A dearth of studies made it difficult to generalize how widespread these filters were in restoration areas but studies of thinning and burning in natural forests suggested they were likely to be widespread. Although management techniques to reduce the effect of unidirectional and dynamic filters remain poorly developed, their development and adoption will improve the ability of restoration to facilitate fauna recolonization and persistence and better contribute towards biodiversity conservation.
The influence of tree species and edge effects on pheromone trap catches of oak processionary mothThaumetopoea processionea(L.) in the U.K.
Authors: Williams David T. , Jonusas Gillian 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMany factors influence the efficiency of insect pheromone trapping systems. In particular, captures of male oak processionary moth (OPM)Thaumetopoea processioneain pheromone traps can be highly variable, hence, two trials were conducted to determine whether the tree species in which traps are positioned or edge effects are influential factors in OPM pheromone trapping.In a ‘host plant trial’, pheromone traps that were positioned in the canopy of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) trees captured significantly more male OPM than traps positioned in any of the other six tree species (including other species of oak) used in the trial over two successive years.In an ‘edge effects trial’, pheromone traps positioned on the edges of oak woodland blocks captured more moths than traps positioned within the oak woodland itself.Although wind direction influenced the numbers of moths that were captured in pheromone traps on woodland edges, with more moths captured in traps positioned on sheltered north‐facing edges, the differences in trap catches between north, south, east and west edges were not significant.The results from the present study indicate that a greater emphasis should be taken to deploy pheromone traps for oak processionary moth in the canopies of pedunculate oak trees with an open, sunnier disposition rather than within the interior of the forest or woodland, thereby maximizing their efficiency.
Withdrawal severity and early response to treatment in the outpatient transition from opioid use to extended release naltrexone
Authors: Mannelli Paolo , Swartz Marvin , Wu Li‐Tzy 
Published: July 2018

Background and ObjectivesLong acting naltrexone has improved the therapy of opioid use disorder (OUD), and safe and effective withdrawal management during naltrexone induction may help advance treatment. Despite the uncertain role of opioid withdrawal in predicting successful outcomes, early symptom control may favor detoxification completion.MethodsWe explored withdrawal severity and early response to treatment, safety, and clinical measures in 35 adult patients with DSM‐5 OUD during a 7‐day office‐based buprenorphine‐naltrexone and ancillary medications transition to extended‐release naltrexone (XR‐NTX).ResultsSubjective and objective measures of withdrawal intensity improved consistently throughout treatment in the whole sample. Participants who went on to receive XR‐NTX (n = 27, 77%) reported a greater attenuation of symptoms by treatment day 2 (r = .595, p = .001), and were less likely to be injection drug users (r = −.501, p = .004). Adverse events (AEs) were recorded in 20% of participants: the majority (n = 6, 85.7%) consisted of single episodes of increased withdrawal which were well controlled using ancillary medications. One serious AE was unrelated to treatment.Conclusions and Scientific SignificanceEarly opioid withdrawal changes may be a useful indicator of treatment response, helping adjust the transition protocol to the individual patients’ need and gather valuable information for a better understanding of the relationship between initiating and remaining in treatment. (Am J Addict 2018;27:471–476)
EAACI position paper on how to classify cutaneous manifestations of drug hypersensitivity
Authors: Brockow Knut , Ardern‐Jones Michael R. , Mockenhaupt Maja , Aberer Werner , Barbaud Annick , Caubet Jean‐Christoph , Spiewak Radoslaw , Torres María José , Mortz Charlotte G. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDrug hypersensitivity reactions (DHRs) are common, and the skin is by far the most frequently involved organ with a broad spectrum of reaction types. The diagnosis of cutaneous DHRs (CDHR) may be difficult because of multiple differential diagnoses. A correct classification is important for the correct diagnosis and management. With these guidelines, we aim to give precise definitions and provide the background needed for doctors to correctly classify CDHR.
The health and economic outcomes of early egg introduction strategies
Authors: Shaker Marcus , Verma Kanak , Greenhawt Matthew 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundStudies suggest early egg introduction (EEI) in the first year of life is associated with reduced risk of developing egg allergy. No US recommendations exist regarding optimally implementing EEI.MethodsUsing simulation and Markov modelling over a 20‐year horizon, we explored optimal EEI strategies applied to US, European and Canadian populations, comparing screening of high‐risk infants (skin prick testing [SPT] or serum‐specific IgE[sIgE]) before introducing cooked egg at 6 months of life vs egg introduction at home, without screening, for all infants.ResultsA no‐screen approach dominated egg SPT screening of high‐risk infants with early‐onset eczema. Base model per‐patient incremental costs of SPT were $6865 US dollars (USD), 6801 euros and $10 610 Canadian dollars (CAD). For egg sIgE screening in primary care settings, base model incremental costs were $16 722 USD, 18 072 euros and $28 193 CAD. As the simulation concluded 2.5% were egg allergic without screening vs 9.5%, 12% and 21.4% of children undergoing SPT, delayed introduction or sIgE screening. Incremental societal costs from screening reached $2 009 351 175 USD for SPT and $4 894 445 790 USD for sIgE testing. In sensitivity analyses, if the risk of reaction with initial egg ingestion was ≥22.5%, SPT before EEI became a preferred strategy. A no‐screen approach dominated both EEI of raw pasteurized egg and delayed cooked egg introduction approaches.ConclusionsAssuming initial reaction rates < 22.5%, a no‐screening EEI cooked egg approach has superior health and economic benefits in terms of number of egg allergy cases prevented and total healthcare costs vs screening testing.
How long is the queuing for public childcare facilities in Korea? An empirical analysis of Korean households' childcare mode choice with the limited availability of public childcare facilities
Authors: Woo Seokjin , Jun Byung‐hill 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis paper empirically investigates Korean households' choice of childcare mode using the Korean Childcare Users Survey (2012). A multivariate logit model with partial observability (hereafter, PO‐logit model) is employed to address the issue of Korean households' demand for public childcare facilities exceeding capacity limits. Our estimation result rejects the hypothesis of no queueing at conventional significance levels to advocate use of the PO‐logit model in explaining Korean households' childcare choices. We decompose choice probabilities of public childcare facilities to estimate the size of queuing. Our results imply that 31.8% of parents preferring public childcare facility are forced to choose other childcare modes due to capacity limit.
Neuronal susceptibility to beta‐amyloid toxicity and ischemic injury involves histone deacetylase‐2 regulation of endophilin‐B1
Authors: Wang David B. , Kinoshita Chizuru , Kinoshita Yoshito , Sopher Bryce L. , Uo Takuma , Lee Rona J. , Kim Joon Kyu , Murphy Sean P. , Dirk Keene C. , Garden Gwenn A. , Morrison Richard S. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHistone deacetylases (HDACs) catalyze acetyl group removal from histone proteins, leading to altered chromatin structure and gene expression. HDAC2 is highly expressed in adult brain, and HDAC2 levels are elevated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain. We previously reported that neuron‐specific splice isoforms of Endophilin‐B1 (Endo‐B1) promote neuronal survival, but are reduced in human AD brain and mouse models of AD and stroke. Here, we demonstrate that HDAC2 suppresses Endo‐B1 expression. HDAC2 knockdown or knockout enhances expression of Endo‐B1. Conversely, HDAC2 overexpression decreases Endo‐B1 expression. We also demonstrate that neurons exposed to beta‐amyloid increase HDAC2 and reduce histone H3 acetylation while HDAC2 knockdown prevents Aβ induced loss of histone H3 acetylation, mitochondrial dysfunction, caspase‐3 activation, and neuronal death. The protective effect of HDAC2 knockdown was abrogated by Endo‐B1 shRNA and in Endo‐B1‐null neurons, suggesting that HDAC2‐induced neurotoxicity is mediated through suppression of Endo‐B1. HDAC2 overexpression also modulates neuronal expression of mitofusin2 (Mfn2) and mitochondrial fission factor (MFF), recapitulating the pattern of change observed in AD. HDAC2 knockout mice demonstrate reduced injury in the middle cerebral artery occlusion with reperfusion (MCAO/R) model of cerebral ischemia demonstrating enhanced neuronal survival, minimized loss of Endo‐B1, and normalized expression of Mfn2. These findings support the hypothesis that HDAC2 represses Endo‐B1, sensitizing neurons to mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death in stroke and AD.
Tumstatin fragment selectively inhibits neutrophil infiltration in experimental asthma exacerbation
Authors: Nissen Gyde , Hollaender Henrike , Tang Francesca S. M. , Wegmann Michael , Lunding Lars , Vock Christina , Bachmann Anna , Lemmel Solveig , Bartels Rainer , Oliver Brian G. , Burgess Janette K. , Becker Tim , Kopp Matthias V. , Weckmann Markus 
Published: July 2018

SummaryBackgroundAsthma is a chronic inflammatory disease with structural changes present. Burgess and colleagues recently found tumstatin markedly reduced in adult asthmatic lung tissue compared with nonasthmatics. ECM fragments such as tumstatin are named matrikines and act independently of the parent molecule. The role of Col IV matrikines in neutrophil inflammation (eg. exacerbation in asthma) has not been investigated to date. Severe adult asthma phenotypes are dominated by neutrophilic inflammation and show a high frequency of severe exacerbations.ObjectiveThis study sought to investigate the role of a novel active region within tumstatin (CP17) and its implication in neutrophil inflammatory responses related to asthma exacerbation.MethodsFor reactive oxygen production, isolated neutrophils were preincubated with peptides or vehicle for 1 hour and stimulated (PMA). Luminescence signal was recorded (integration over 10 seconds) for 1.5 hours. Neutrophil migration was performed according to the SiMA protocol. Mice were sensitized to OVA/Alumn by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections. Mice were then treated with CP17, vehicle (PBS) or scrambled peptide (SP17) after OVA exposure (days 27 and 28, polyI:C stimulation). All animals were killed on day 29 with lung function measurement, histology and lavage.ResultsCP17 decreased total ROS production rate to 52.44% (0.5 μmol/L, P < 0.05 vs SP17), reduced the in vitro directionality (vs SP17, P = 1 × 10−6) and migration speed (5 μmol/L, P = 1 × 10−3). In vivo application of CP17 decreased neutrophil inflammation ~1.8‐fold (P < 0.001 vs SP17) and reduced numbers of mucus‐producing cells (−29%, P < 0.05).ConclusionCP17 reduced the ROS production rate, migrational speed and selectively inhibited neutrophil accumulation in the lung interstitium and lumen.Clinical relevanceCP17 may serve as a potential precursor for drug development to combat overwhelming neutrophil inflammation.
Growing up with parental substance use disorder: The struggle with complex emotions, regulation of contact, and lack of professional support
Authors: Wangensteen Turid , Bramness Jørgen Gustav , Halsa Astrid 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe aim of the study was to explore young people's perceptions and reflections about growing up with parents who have substance use disorder (SUD). In qualitative interviews with 12 young people (aged 13–26) and in an interpretative phenomenological analysis, we investigated their experiences of everyday life, of the relationships with the parents with SUD, and of conversations about this, both retrospectively and at the present. The findings indicated that the relationships with the parents largely occupied the informants, even when they lived separately from the parent and were protected from the daily exposure of substance use. The informants described their mixed and contradictory emotions towards their parents and the struggle to determine regulation and type of contact. They asked for professional support in order to help them cope with this. Sociocultural discourses concerning family life and substance use were discussed in an attempt to understand the findings. The findings of the study suggest that children and young people should be offered sufficient professional support in order to cope with their mixed and contradictory emotions and to determine the regularity and type of contact with the parents.
Vasoactive intestinal peptide induces proliferation of human hepatocytes
Authors: Khedr M. E. M. S. , Abdelmotelb A. M. , Bedwell T. A. , Shtaya A. , Alzoubi M. N. , Abu Hilal M. , Khakoo S. I. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectivesProliferation of hepatocytes in vitro can be stimulated by growth factors such as epidermal growth factor (EGF), but the role of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) remains unclear. We have investigated the effect of VIP on maintenance and proliferation of human hepatocytes.Materials and methodsHuman hepatocytes were isolated from liver specimens obtained from patients undergoing liver surgery. Treatment with VIP or EGF was started 24 h after plating and continued for 3 or 5 d. DNA replication was investigated by Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation and cell viability detected by MTT assay. Cell lysate was analysed by western blotting and RT‐PCR. Urea and albumin secretion into the culture supernatants were measured.ResultsVIP increased DNA replication in hepatocytes in a dose‐dependant manner, with a peak response at day 3 of treatment. VIP treatment was associated with an increase in mRNA expression of antigen identified by monoclonal antibody Ki‐67 (MKI‐67) and Histone Cluster 3 (H3) genes. Western blotting analysis showed that VIP can induce a PKA/B‐Raf dependant phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinases (ERK). Although EGF can maintain hepatocyte functions up to day 5, no marked efffect was found with VIP.ConclusionsVIP induces proliferation of human hepatocytes with little or no effect on hepatocyte differentiation. Further investigation of the role of VIP is required to determine if it may ultimately support therapeutic approaches of liver disease.
Structural brain abnormalities in adolescents and young adults with congenital heart defect: a systematic review
Authors: Bolduc Marie‐Eve , Lambert Heather , Ganeshamoorthy Sylviya , Brossard‐Racine Marie 
Published: July 2018

AimThe primary objective of this systematic review is to define and quantify brain structural abnormalities present in adolescents and young adults with complex congenital heart defect (CHD). We also aim to evaluate the extent to which these structural abnormalities are associated with functional outcomes.MethodA search of studies examining brain structure by magnetic resonance imaging in adolescents and young adults with complex CHD was performed in Embase, MEDLINE, and Web of Science. A meta‐analysis was conducted to determine the odds of brain abnormalities in young people with CHD. Results not included in the meta‐analysis were collated using descriptive statistics.ResultsTwo hundred and fifty‐four studies were identified through the literature search. Among these, 14 original studies were included in the review. The odds of brain abnormalities in young people with CHD were 7.9 times higher (p<0.001) than in typically developing comparison individuals. Focal and multifocal lesions were the most common types of abnormality (odds ratio 41.7 [p<0.001]). Preliminary evidence from volumetric, cortical, and microstructural integrity measurements suggests that brain abnormalities are associated with poorer neurocognitive outcomes.InterpretationThis review provides strong evidence that adolescents and young adults with CHD are at increased risk of presenting with structural brain abnormalities and highlights the contribution of advanced quantitative magnetic resonance imaging techniques to identify the subtle but frequent brain alterations in this population. However, more studies are needed to clarify how these abnormalities relate to function.What this paper adds

There is a high prevalence of brain abnormalities in young people with congenital heart defect (CHD).

Brain volumes, cortical measurements, and white matter microstructure are altered in young people with CHD.

Brain abnormalities are associated with poorer function in young people with CHD.
Alzheimer's disease: Only prevention makes sense
Authors: Viña José , Sanz‐Ros Jorge 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAlzheimer's disease therapeutics is one of the most important endeavours in today's clinical investigation. Over more than 30 years of research, no disease‐modifying treatment has been approved by either the FDA or the EMA to treat Alzheimer's disease. Recently, the evidence of pathological alterations in the brain tissue has been gathered showing that the signs of brain damage appear more than 20 years before the onset of Alzheimer's dementia. The major aim of this review is to underpin the idea that in Alzheimer's therapeutics, only prevention makes sense. It is difficult to visualise that would‐be patients may be treated with endovenous administration of antibodies for several years to delay the onset of dementia. Rather, changes in lifestyle that should be specific, stratified and personalised are a likely alternative to delay the transition from asymptomatic Alzheimer's to minimal cognitive impairment and from there to dementia. These efforts are of the utmost importance. If we could delay the onset of full‐blown dementia by 5 years, the number of demented patients would be almost halved. Thus, emphasis on preventive measures that can be implemented for decades must be supported. This approach, where even mild changes in cognition are of the greatest importance, cannot be underestimated in terms of both the individual and society's viewpoints.