bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
N
atronorubrum
Authors: Oren Aharon 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Na.tro.no.ru'brum
. N.L. n.
natron
(arbitrarily derived from the Arabic n.
natrun
or
natron
) soda, sodium carbonate; N.L. pref.
natrono
‐, pertaining to soda; L. neut. adj.
rubrum
, red; N.L. neut. n.
Natronorubrum
, the red of soda.

Euryarchaeota / Halobacteria / Natrialbales / Natrialbaceae / Natronorubrum

The genus
Natronorubrum
(family
Natrialbaceae
) consists of extremely halophilic and mostly alkaliphilic, red‐pink‐pigmented pleomorphic, or rod‐shaped cells. Currently, six species are classified in the genus. Type species is
Natronorubrum bangense
. Motility is variable. Isolates of
Natronorubrum
have been obtained from alkaline lakes worldwide. They are strictly aerobic heterotrophs and do not grow anaerobically in the presence of nitrate, arginine, or dimethylsulfoxide. Growth requires at least 1.7–2.1 M NaCl, and optimal growth is observed at 2.6–3.8 M NaCl. Most species are alkaliphilic, growing in the pH range 8.0–11 with an optimum at 9.0–9.5. The polar lipids are C
20
C
20
and C
20
C
25
derivatives of phosphatidylglycerol and of the methyl ester of phosphatidylglycerol phosphate. Most species lack glycolipids; phosphatidylglycerol sulfate was not detected.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 59.9–63.6.

Type species
:
Natronorubrum bangense
Xu, Zhou and Tian 1999, 265
VP
.
Cantilever structure model updating of end effector based on frequency response data under thermal effects
Authors: Wang Jutao , Liu Zhenzhong , Zhao Lianyu 
Published: November 2018

SummaryThe effect of thermal on the structural dynamic response is gaining attention, and should be taken into account during model updating. Meanwhile, metamodel technique is applied to be a surrogate model for its low computational cost. In this work, the structural model updating under thermal field is investigated, an attempt has been made to combine Kriging metamodel and frequency response function based model updating. The Kriging model, taken as a surrogate, is constructed based on the input variables selected by F‐test method, which is applied on the results of design of experiment. The errors of response signal between analytical model and experimental model are used to create response of design of experiment. The performed example demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Boosting the Photocatalytic Ability of Cu2O Nanowires for CO2 Conversion by MXene Quantum Dots
Authors: Zeng Zhiping , Yan Yibo , Chen Jie , Zan Ping , Tian Qinghua , Chen Peng 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMXene quantum dots (QDs) are emerging 0D nanomaterials. Here, a new heterostructure is developed based on a 1D photoactive semiconductor and a 0D MXene QD for improved photocatalytic reduction of CO2 into methanol. Specifically, Ti3C2 QDs are incorporated onto Cu2O nanowires (NWs) through a simple self‐assembly strategy. It is demonstrated that Ti3C2 QDs not only significantly improve the stability of Cu2O NWs but also greatly improve their photocatatlytic performance by enhancing charge transfer, charge transport, carrier density, light adsorption, as well as by decreasing band bending edge and charge recombination. The energy level diagram derived from both experimental measurements and theoretical calculations provide further insights of such hierarchical photocatalysis system.
Electronic Structure and Band Alignment of LaMnO3/SrTiO3 Polar/Nonpolar Heterojunctions
Authors: Kaspar Tiffany C. , Sushko Peter V. , Spurgeon Steven R. , Bowden Mark E. , Keavney David J. , Comes Ryan B. , Saremi Sahar , Martin Lane , Chambers Scott A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe behavior of polar LaMnO3 (LMO) thin films deposited epitaxially on nonpolar SrTiO3(001) (STO) is dictated by both the LMO/STO band alignment and the chemistry of the Mn cation. Using in situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the valence band offset (VBO) of LMO/STO heterojunctions is directly measured as a function of thickness, and found that the VBO is 2.5 eV for thicker (≥3 u.c.) films. No evidence of a built‐in electric field in LMO films of any thickness is found. Measurements of the Mn valence by Mn L‐edge X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and by spatially resolved electron energy loss spectra in scanning transmission electron microscopy images reveal that Mn2+ is present at the LMO surface, but not at the LMO/STO interface. These results are corroborated by density functional theory simulations that confirm a VBO of ≈2.5 eV for both ideal and intermixed interfaces. A model is proposed for the behavior of polar/nonpolar LMO/STO heterojunctions in which the polar catastrophe is alleviated by the formation of oxygen vacancies at the LMO surface.
Transflective Mesoscopic Nanoparticles Synthesized in the Leidenfrost Droplet as Black Absorbers
Authors: Abdelaziz Moheb , Abdelaziz Ramzy , Homaeigohar Shahin , Zarie Eman S. , Yetik Mehmet Z. , Sederholm Linda P. , Liljeström Touko M. , Peippo Nella , Pflesser Sebastian , Soliman Ahmed B. , Elbahri Mady 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHere, a new class of transflective oxide metaparticles that are able to capture solar radiation in a selective manner based on their size and morphology is demonstrated. The metaparticles possess an electronic polarization response “polarizonics” and show a specular reflective color at the visible frequencies. As a specific highlight, a resonating ultrathin reflective while transparent metacomposite, i.e., a transflective coating is designed. Further, a perfect solar absorber is devised whose function is morphology controlled and supplemented by the transflective coating via the selective interference concept. The multidisciplinary approach presented here enables design of materials with customized functionalities, bridging the sustainable nanochemistry to nanoengineering and proposes a new way for solving challenges in energy and solar harvesting.
Remote Thermal Sensing by Integration of Corner‐Cube Optics and Thermochromic Materials
Authors: Khalid Muhammad Waqas , Whitehouse Catherine , Ahmed Rajib , Hassan Muhammad Umair , Butt Haider 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThermochromic materials (TCMs) change their color in response to temperature variations. Here, presented is a rare combination of TCMs with conventional corner‐cube retroreflectors (CCRs) that are widely used in industry for their ability to return an incident beam of light directly back toward its source. The TCM quoted CCR (TCR sensor) allows remote measurements of the quantitative thermal information of the environment to which the TCR sensor is subjected. Two different commercially available thermochromic systems, a leuco dye and liquid crystals, are utilized as sensing materials. Since the incident (probe) beam and reflected (sensing) beam always follow the opposite directions 180°, this allows the probing and sensing to be carried out remotely from the same spot. Therefore, such remote sensing mechanism is virtually independent of the incident and detection beam angles. The TCR sensor has potential application in the space research, mining, power generation facilities, radioactive environments, and other industries where remote temperature sensing is a stringent requirement.
Machine‐Learning Designs of Anisotropic Digital Coding Metasurfaces
Authors: Zhang Qian , Liu Che , Wan Xiang , Zhang Lei , Liu Shuo , Yang Yan , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDigital coding representations of meta‐atoms make it possible to realize intelligent designs of metasurfaces by means of machine learning algorithms. Here, a machine‐learning method to design anisotropic digital coding metasurfaces is proposed, and meta‐atoms may require any absolute phase values at different positions and under different polarizations. A deep‐learning neural network to predict the vast and complex system is proposed, in which only 70 000 training coding patterns are used to train the network. Another 10 000 randomly chosen coding patterns are employed to validate the neural network, showing an accuracy of 90.05% of phase responses with 2° error in the 360° phase. Using the learned network, the correct coding pattern among 18 billion of billions of choices for the required phase can be readily found in a second, finishing automatic design of anisotropic meta‐atoms. Three functional 1‐bit anisotropic coding metasurfaces are intelligently achieved by the learned network. It is convenient to realize dual‐beam scattering with left‐handed circular polarization (LHCP) for one beam while right‐handed circular polarization (RHCP) for the others, dual‐beam scattering with circular polarization for one beam while linear polarization (LP) for the others, and triple‐beam scattering with LHCP and RHCP for two beams while LP for the third one.
Towards an Accurate Prediction of Nitrogen Chemical Shifts by Density Functional Theory and Gauge‐Including Atomic Orbital
Authors: Gao Peng , Wang Xingyong , Yu Haibo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAn efficient, yet accurate, computational protocol for predicting nitrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts based on density functional theory and the gauge‐including atomic orbital approach is proposed. A database of small and relatively rigid compounds containing nitrogen atoms is compiled. Scaling factors for the linear correlation between experimental 15N chemical shifts and calculated isotropic shielding constants are systematically investigated with seven different levels of theory in both chloroform and dimethyl sulfoxide, two commonly used solvents for NMR experiments. The best method yields a root‐mean‐square deviation of about 5.30 and 7.00 ppm in CHCl3 and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), respectively. Moreover, another set of scaling factors for –NH2 chemical shifts is also proposed based on a separate database with three levels of theory. Furthermore, it is encouraging that a reasonable transferability for the linear correlation is found between these two solvents. This finding will enable broader applications of the developed empirical scaling factors to other commonly used solvents in NMR experiments. The consistency between theoretical predictions and experimental results for structural elucidations is illustrated for selected examples including regioisomers, tautomers, oxidation states, and protonated structures.
Ultrafast Multilevel Switching in Au/YIG/n‐Si RRAM
Authors: Chen Zhiwei , Huang Weichuan , Zhao Wenbo , Hou Chuangming , Ma Chao , Liu Chuanchuan , Sun Haoyang , Yin Yuewei , Li Xiaoguang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractResistive random access memory (RRAM) with ultrafast and multilevel switching is extremely promising for next‐generation nonvolatile memory. Here, ultrafast unipolar resistive switchings (≈540 ps) with high off/on resistance ratio (≈104) are obtained in yttrium iron garnet Y3Fe5O12 (YIG)‐based resistive memory on n‐Si substrate. The sub‐nanosecond operation is also successfully performed up to 85 °C with an off/on resistance ratio of ≈103. In addition, by using different compliance currents for the set process, five discrete resistance levels with ultrafast switchings among them are achieved and the multilevel states show reliable retention (>104 s). The large, stable, reproducible, and reliable switching behaviors of the Au/YIG/n‐Si RRAM cell shows its great potential for ultrafast multilevel memory applications.
Final Results of the RHAPSODY Trial: A Multi‐Center, Phase 2 Trial Using a Continual Reassessment Method to Determine the Safety and Tolerability of 3K3A‐APC, A Recombinant Variant of Human Activated Protein C, in Combination with Tissue Plasminogen Activator, Mechanical Thrombectomy or both in Moderate to Severe Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Lyden Patrick , Pryor Kent E. , Coffey Christopher S. , Cudkowicz Merit , Conwit Robin , Jadhav Ashutosh , Sawyer Robert N. , Claassen Jan , Adeoye Opeolu , Song Shlee , Hannon Peter , Rost Natalia S. , Hinduja Archana , Torbey Michel , Lee Jin‐Moo , Benesch Curtis , Rippee Michael , Rymer Marilyn , Froehler Michael T. , Clarke Haley E. , Johnson Mark , Yankey Jon , Magee Kim , Qidwai Julie , Levy Howard , Mark Haacke E. , Fawaz Miller , Davis Thomas P. , Toga Arthur W. , Griffin John H. , Zlokovic Berislav V. ,   the NeuroNEXT Clinical Trials Network NN104 Investigators
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveAgonism of protease‐activated receptor (PAR) 1 by activated protein C (APC) provides neuro‐ and vasculoprotection in experimental neuroinjury models. The pleiotropic PAR1 agonist, 3K3A‐APC, reduces neurological injury and promotes vascular integrity; 3K3A‐APC proved safe in human volunteers. We performed a randomized, controlled, blinded trial to determine the maximally tolerated dose (MTD) of 3K3A‐APC in ischemic stroke patients.MethodsThe NeuroNEXT trial, RHAPSODY, used a novel continual reassessment method to determine the MTD using tiers of 120, 240, 360, and 540 μg/kg of 3K3A‐APC. After intravenous tissue plasminogen activator, intra‐arterial mechanical thrombectomy, or both, patients were randomized to 1 of the 4 doses or placebo. Vasculoprotection was assessed as microbleed and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) rates.ResultsBetween January 2015 and July 2017, we treated 110 patients. Demographics resembled a typical stroke population. The MTD was the highest‐dose 3K3A‐APC tested, 540 μg/kg, with an estimated toxicity rate of 7%. There was no difference in prespecified ICH rates. In exploratory analyses, 3K3A‐APC reduced ICH rates compared to placebo from 86.5% to 67.4% in the combined treatment arms (p = 0.046) and total hemorrhage volume from an average of 2.1 ± 5.8 ml in placebo to 0.8 ± 2.1 ml in the combined treatment arms (p = 0.066).InterpretationRHAPSODY is the first trial of a neuroprotectant for acute ischemic stroke in a trial design allowing thrombectomy, thrombolysis, or both. The MTD was 540 μg/kg for the PAR1 active cytoprotectant, 3K3A‐APC. A trend toward lower hemorrhage rate in an exploratory analysis requires confirmation.Clinical Trial RegistrationClinical Trial Registration‐URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02222714. ANN NEUROL 2019;85:125–136.
Marine Mammal Lung Dynamics when Exposed to Underwater Explosion Impulse
Authors: Fetherston Thomas , Turner Stephen , Mitchell Glenn , Guzas Emily 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTVery little is known about marine mammal susceptibility to primary blast injury (PBI) except in rare cases of opportunistic studies. As a result, traditional analysis techniques relied on methods developed more than 30 years ago using terrestrial mammals as surrogates. Modeling tools available today have the computing power to vastly improve calculation of safe ranges and injury zones from underwater explosions (UNDEX) employing morphologically accurate proxies with material properties similar to marine mammal tissues. The Dynamic System Mechanics Advanced Simulation (DYSMAS) fluid–structure interaction (FSI) software is being used to simulate the complex phenomena of UNDEX, shock wave, and bubble pulse propagation through the water and transmission of energy to a cetacean focusing on the dynamic response of the thoracic cavity and air‐filled lungs to a shock wave. The approach integrates fluid and structural analyses with the material properties of blubber, bone, and muscle using marine mammal morphometrics to eliminate unnecessary assumptions made during more traditional approaches to analysis developed before these types of data and computational power were available. DYSMAS analyses of a 1D gas bubble surrounded by water was found to closely match the classical bubble dynamics models. Further, DYSMAS models of a spherical gas bubble surrounded by tissue and rib structure demonstrate a global radial oscillation of the gas bubble, but also show significant local deflection and material strain in response to the UNDEX loading. The intended result of the investigation is an improved and scientifically defensible understanding of the effects of UNDEX on marine mammals. Anat Rec, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Anat Rec, 302:718–734, 2019. Published 2018. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Māori settlement of New Zealand: The Anthropocene as a process
Authors: HOLDAWAY SIMON J. , EMMITT JOSHUA , FUREY LOUISE , JORGENSEN ALEX , O'REGAN GERARD , PHILLIPPS REBECCA , PREBBLE MATTHEW , WALLACE RODERICK , LADEFOGED THEGN N. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTThe lateness and prominence of Polynesian colonisation of New Zealand make it an ideal place to investigate the Anthropocene. We review the Anthropocene as a process and the information needed to understand the consequences of ongoing human–environmental interaction. Elsewhere in the world, a lengthy history complicates the ability to differentiate between the impact of people on the environment and the consequences of engagement. In New Zealand, engagement is not only of short duration but the landmass has a long coastline, with numerous offshore islands. These characteristics provide the scope to study the impact of engagement where it is particularly discernible. We introduce one such island, Ahuahu (Great Mercury Island). Upon arrival, Polynesian colonists found a temperate, geologically complex land covered in forest, populated by a diverse endemic flora and fauna. They knew how to produce crops and exploit wild food sources but had to rapidly adapt to new conditions marginal to production and new technological possibilities. The New Zealand case study allows consideration of whether the processes involved in creating the phenomena described by the Anthropocene are global, directional and inevitable, or are due to local, small‐scale changes related to particular forms of production by Māori, and their capacity to construct environmental change.
Sliding Mode Differentiator Based Tracking Control of Uncertain Nonlinear Systems with Application to Hypersonic Flight
Authors: An Hao , Fidan Baris , Wu Qianqian , Wang Changhong , Cao Xibin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis paper presents a performance‐guaranteed adaptive back‐stepping design for a class of nonlinear systems with uncertainties and disturbances. To circumvent the increasing complexity caused by the repeated analytic differentiations in back‐stepping, sliding mode differentiation technique is employed to estimate the derivative of the virtual control. Compared with the well‐known command filtered back‐stepping, no compensating signal is required. Besides, time‐varying parameters, system uncertainties and external disturbances are compensated using nonlinear damping technique, while the output tracking error is regulated in the prescribed range with the adjustable convergence speed and steady‐state error. As a verification example, this method is applied to the longitudinal control of an air‐breathing hypersonic vehicle configured with the variable geometry inlet.
A Partially Observed Nonzero‐Sum Stochastic Differential Game with Delays and its Application to Finance
Authors: Yang Bixuan , Guo Tiexin , Wu Jinbiao 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we deal with a new kind of partially observed nonzero‐sum differential game governed by stochastic differential delay equations. One of the special features is that the controlled system and the utility functionals involve both delays in the state variable and the control variables under different observation equations for each player. We obtain a maximum principle and a verification theorem for the game problem by virtue of Girsanov's theorem and the convex variational method. In addition, based on the theoretical results and Malliavin derivative techniques, we solve a production and consumption choice game problem.
Inactivity times of coherent systems with dependent components under periodical inspections
Authors: Navarro Jorge , Calì Camilla 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIf we know that a coherent system has failed before a time t, the inactivity time is the period (from t) in which the system has been broken. If T is the system lifetime, the inactivity time at t is (t−T|T<t). Under periodical inspections, we may typically know that the system was working at a time t1, but that is broken at another time t2>t1. Under this assumption, we obtain representations for the reliability function of the system inactivity time (t2−T|t1<T<t2). We consider both the cases of independent and dependent components. Similar representations are obtained under other assumptions with partial information about component failures at times t1 and t2. These representations are used to compare stochastically the inactivity times under different assumptions. Some illustrative examples are provided.
Improved long‐term patient‐reported health and well‐being outcomes of early‐stage breast cancer treated with partial breast proton therapy
Authors: Teichman Sandra L. , Do Sharon , Lum Sharon , Teichman Theodore S. , Preston William , Cochran Shelly E. , Garberoglio Carlos A. , Grove Roger , Davis Carol A. , Slater Jerry D. , Bush David A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundBecause early‐stage breast cancer can be treated successfully by a variety of breast‐conservation approaches, long‐term quality of life (QoL) is an important consideration in assessing treatment outcomes for these patients. This study compares patient‐reported QoL outcomes among women with stage 0‐2 disease treated via lumpectomy followed by whole breast irradiation (WBI) or partial breast proton irradiation (PBPT).MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, 129 participants evaluated QoL several years post‐treatment by responding to subjective instruments, including established scalar questionnaires and self‐report measures. Responses were averaged between the two groups.ResultsAt 6.5 years (median) postdiagnosis, participants’ demographic, and clinical characteristics were similar. Patient‐reported outcomes were reported as mean scale scores for the two groups, all displaying significant differences favoring PBPT, including: cosmetic breast cancer treatment outcome scale (BCTOS) (PBPT mean 1.45, WBI mean 1.88, P < 0.001); breast pain (PBPT mean 1.30, WBI mean 1.67, P < 0.05); breast texture (BPT mean 1.44, WBI mean 1.91, P < 0.001); clothing fit (PBPT mean 1.06, WBI 1.46, P < 0.001); fatigue (PBPT mean 2.24, WBI mean 3.77, P < 0.002); impact of daily life fatigue on personal relations (OBPT mean 0.83, WBI mean 2.15, P < 0.001); and self‐consciousness (appearance dissatisfaction) (PBPT mean 1.38, WBI mean 1.77, P < 0.004).ConclusionPatients’ responses suggest that PBPT is associated with improved overall QoL compared to standard whole breast treatment. These self‐perceptions are reported by patients who are 5‐10 years post‐treatment, and that PBPT may enhance QoL in a multitude of interrelated ways.
Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging findings of a cerebellar medulloblastoma in a heifer
Authors: Francesio Andrea , Durand Alexane , Viora Lorenzo , Orr Jayne , Millins Caroline , José‐López Roberto 
Published: November 2018

Key Clinical MessageReports of medulloblastoma in cattle are scarce; however, this neoplasm should be included as a differential diagnosis in cases of cerebellar or central vestibular signs in young cattle. The MRI appearance of the medulloblastoma reported here, previously unreported in cattle, consisted of a T1‐weighted hypointense and T2‐weighted heterogeneously hyperintense intra‐axial mass.