bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase 2 trial of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and transoral endoscopic surgery with risk‐adapted adjuvant therapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Weiss Jared M. , Grilley‐Olson Juneko E. , Deal Allison Mary , Zevallos Jose P. , Chera Bhishamjit S. , Paul Jennifer , Knowles Mary Fleming , Usenko Dmitriy , Weissler Mark C. , Patel Samip , Hayes David N. , Hackman Trevor 
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUNDThe objective of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility and efficacy of induction chemotherapy, surgery, and pathology‐guided adjuvant therapy to treat transorally resectable squamous head and neck cancer.METHODSPatients had squamous head and neck cancer that was resectable by the transoral route and advanced‐stage disease (American Joint Committee on Cancer stage III‐IV, T3‐T4 tumors, and/or positive lymph nodes). They received treatment with weekly carboplatin at an area under the curve of 2, plus paclitaxel 135 mg/m2, and daily lapatinib 1000mg for 6 weeks followed by surgical resection. Pathology that revealed margins <5 mm, extracapsular extension, N2a of N2b lymph node status, perineural invasion, or lymphovascular space invasion resulted in adjuvant radiotherapy concurrent with weekly cisplatin. Pathology with N2c/N3 lymph node status or positive margins resulted in radiation with bolus cisplatin. The primary endpoint was the clinical response rate to induction chemotherapy, and a key secondary endpoint was feasibility.RESULTSToxicity was modest, and 37 of 40 patients completed study procedures as planned. The clinical response rate was 93%, the pathologic complete response rate was 36%, and the clinical response did not predict for a pathologic complete response. No patient on study follow‐up has recurred or died. Twenty‐nine of 39 patients who underwent surgery avoided radiation. Speech and swallowing function were well preserved.CONCLUSIONSThe study met both its primary efficacy endpoint and the secondary feasibility endpoint. Neoadjuvant, systemic therapy and surgical resection followed by risk‐adapted adjuvant therapy resulted in high response rates and excellent long‐term outcomes and should be further studied. Cancer 2018;124:2986‐92. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
Development of a novel salivary gland cancer lymph node staging system
Authors: Aro Katri , Ho Allen S. , Luu Michael , Kim Sungjin , Tighiouart Mourad , Clair Jon Mallen‐St. , Yoshida Emi J. , Shiao Stephen L. , Leivo Ilmo , Zumsteg Zachary S. 
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUNDCurrent lymph node (LN) staging for salivary gland cancer (SGC) is extrapolated from mucosal head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. However, given its unique biology and clinical behavior, it is possible that a SGC‐specific LN staging system would be more accurate.METHODSPatients from the National Cancer Data Base with nonmetastatic SGC of the head and neck who were diagnosed from 2004 through 2013 and underwent surgical resection and neck dissection removing at least 10 LNs were included. Multivariable models were constructed to assess the association between survival and LN factors, including number of metastatic LNs, extranodal extension, LN size, and lower LN involvement.RESULTSOverall, 4520 patients met the inclusion criteria. An increasing number of metastatic LNs was found to be strongly associated with worse survival without plateau. The risk of death increased more rapidly up to 4 LNs (hazard ratio, 1.34; 95% confidence interval, 1.27‐1.41 [P < .001]), and was more gradual for additional LNs >4 (hazard ratio, 1.02; 95% confidence interval, 1.01‐1.03 [P < .001]). LN size, extranodal extension, and lower LN involvement appeared to have no impact on survival when accounting for the number of metastatic LNs. Recursive partitioning analysis was used to create a novel SGC LN staging system in which N0 indicates 0 positive LNs, N1 indicates 1 to 2 positive LNs, N2 indicates 3 to 21 positive LNs, and N3 indicates ≥ 22 positive LNs. This system exhibited greater concordance than the current American Joint Committee on Cancer (eighth edition) system.CONCLUSIONSQuantitative LN burden is an important determinant of survival in patients with SGC. Use of this variable may improve SGC staging.Cancer2018.©2018 American Cancer Society.
A 2D finite element model for shear wave propagation in biological soft tissues: Application to magnetic resonance elastography
Authors: Bilasse M. , Chatelin S. , Altmeyer G. , Marouf A. , Vappou J. , Charpentier I. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDynamic elastography is a virtual palpation tool that aims at investigating the mechanical response of biological soft tissues in vivo. The objective of this study is to develop a finite element model (FEM) with low computational cost for reproducing realistically wave propagation for magnetic resonance elastography in heterogeneous soft tissues. Based on the first‐order shear deformation theory for moderately thick structures, this model is developed and validated through comparison with analytical formulations of wave propagating in heterogeneous, viscoelastic infinite medium. This 2D‐FEM is then compared to experimental data and a 3D‐FEM using a commercial software. Our FEM is a powerful promising tool for investigations of magnetic resonance elastography.
A machine learning approach as a surrogate of finite element analysis–based inverse method to estimate the zero‐pressure geometry of human thoracic aorta
Authors: Liang Liang , Liu Minliang , Martin Caitlin , Sun Wei 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAdvances in structural finite element analysis (FEA) and medical imaging have made it possible to investigate the in vivo biomechanics of human organs such as blood vessels, for which organ geometries at the zero‐pressure level need to be recovered. Although FEA‐based inverse methods are available for zero‐pressure geometry estimation, these methods typically require iterative computation, which are time‐consuming and may be not suitable for time‐sensitive clinical applications. In this study, by using machine learning (ML) techniques, we developed an ML model to estimate the zero‐pressure geometry of human thoracic aorta given 2 pressurized geometries of the same patient at 2 different blood pressure levels. For the ML model development, a FEA‐based method was used to generate a dataset of aorta geometries of 3125 virtual patients. The ML model, which was trained and tested on the dataset, is capable of recovering zero‐pressure geometries consistent with those generated by the FEA‐based method. Thus, this study demonstrates the feasibility and great potential of using ML techniques as a fast surrogate of FEA‐based inverse methods to recover zero‐pressure geometries of human organs.
Maskless Spatioselective Functionalization of Silicon Nanowires
Authors: Veerbeek Janneke , Huskens Jurriaan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSpatioselective functionalization of silicon nanowires was achieved without using a masking material. The designed process combines metal‐assisted chemical etching (MACE) to fabricate silicon nanowires and hydrosilylation to form molecular monolayers. After MACE, a monolayer was formed on the exposed nanowire surfaces. A second MACE step was expected to elongate the nanowires, thus creating two different segments. When monolayers of 1‐undecene or 1‐tetradecyne were formed on the upper segment, however, the second MACE step did not extend the nanowires. In contrast, nanowires functionalized with 1,8‐nonadiyne were elongated, but at an approximately 8 times slower etching rate. The elongation resulted in a contrast difference in high‐resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR‐SEM) images, which indicated the formation of nanowires that were covered with a monolayer only at the top parts. Click chemistry was successfully used for secondary functionalization of the monolayer with azide‐functionalized nanoparticles. The spatioselective presence of 1,8‐nonadiyne gave a threefold higher particle density on the upper segment functionalized with 1,8‐nonadiyne than on the lower segment without monolayer. These results indicate the successful spatioselective functionalization of silicon nanowires fabricated by MACE.
Crisis‐induced coexisting multiple attractors in a second‐order nonautonomous memristive diode bridge‐based circuit
Authors: Xu Q. , Zhang Q.L. , Qian H. , Wu H.G. , Bao B.C. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryThis paper reports a second‐order nonautonomous memristive diode bridge‐based circuit, upon which a system model is established. The AC and DC equilibrium points and their stability evolutions are theoretically analyzed, and the mechanisms of complex dynamical behaviors are explored in detail. Furthermore, the stimulus‐dependent dynamical behaviors are numerically performed by the single‐parameter bifurcation diagrams, Lyapunov exponents, and phase portraits. Of particular concern, it should be highly emphasized that multiple kinds of crisis scenarios associated with the initial conditions are found in a specified parameter region, resulting in that coexisting multiple attractors under different initial conditions are discovered for the fixed system parameters. Additionally, hardware experiments and PSpice circuit simulations are used to confirm the numerically simulated results.
SSD‐enhanced uncoded space‐time labeling diversity
Authors: Quazi Tahmid , Xu Hongjun 
Published: May 2018

SummarySpace‐time labeling diversity (STLD) has been shown to be an efficient technique for improving the bit error rate (BER) performance of an uncoded space‐time coded modulation system. In this paper, signal space diversity (SSD) is incorporated into the uncoded STLD system to further enhance the system BER performance. A tight closed‐form union bound on the BER of the proposed system is derived and is used to optimize the rotation angle of the SSD scheme. Simulation results are used to confirm the theoretical bound derived for the system. The results also show performance gains of approximately 2.0 dB at a BER of 10−6 and 1.6 dB at a BER 10−4 from incorporating SSD into the uncoded STLD system using 16QAM and 64QAM, respectively. Furthermore, a low complexity detection scheme based on orthogonal projection is formulated for the proposed scheme and, in comparison with the optimal maximum‐likelihood detector, is shown to result in a 56% and 95% reduction in computation complexity for the 16QAM and 64QAM versions of the proposed system, respectively.
Multidisciplinary care considerations for gender nonconforming adolescents with eating disorders: A case series
Authors: Donaldson Abigail A. , Hall Allison , Neukirch Jodie , Kasper Vania , Simones Shannon , Gagnon Sherry , Reich Steven , Forcier Michelle 
Published: May 2018

AbstractGender nonconforming youth are at risk for body dissatisfaction and disordered eating. Currently, only a small body of literature addresses this high‐risk group. The five cases in this series highlight important themes for this patient population from an interdisciplinary perspective. Identified themes include increased risk for self‐harm/suicide, complex psychiatric, and medical implications of delay to treatment for either gender dysphoria or disordered eating, and the importance of collaborative management to maximize care and facilitate healthy development to adulthood. The purpose of this case series is to expand the interdisciplinary discussion regarding the breadth of presentation and management considerations for gender nonconforming adolescents with disordered eating. An interdisciplinary approach to care might enhance access to comprehensive, collaborative treatment for disordered eating, and gender dysphoria in this unique population.
A nuclear DNA barcode for eastern North American oaks and application to a study of hybridization in an Arboretum setting
Authors: Fitzek Elisabeth , Delcamp Adline , Guichoux Erwan , Hahn Marlene , Lobdell Matthew , Hipp Andrew L. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDNA barcoding has proved difficult in a number of woody plant genera, including the ecologically important oak genus Quercus. In this study, we utilized restrictionsite‐associated DNA sequencing (RAD‐seq) to develop an economical single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) DNA barcoding system that suffices to distinguish eight common, sympatric eastern North American white oak species. Two de novo clustering pipelines, PyRAD and Stacks, were used in combination with postclustering bioinformatic tools to generate a list of 291 potential SNPs, 80 of which were included in a barcoding toolkit that is easily implemented using MassARRAY mass spectrometry technology. As a proof‐of‐concept, we used the genotyping toolkit to infer potential hybridization between North American white oaks transplanted outside of their native range (Q. michauxii, Q. montana, Q muehlenbergii/Q. prinoides, and Q. stellata) into a horticultural collection surrounded by natural forests of locally native trees (Q. alba and Q. macrocarpa) in the living collection at The Morton Arboretum (Lisle, IL, USA). Phylogenetic and clustering analyses suggested low rates of hybridization between cultivated and native species, with the exception of one Q. michauxii mother tree, the acorns of which exhibited high admixture from either Q. alba or Q. stellata and Q. macrocarpa, and a hybrid between Q. stellata that appears to have backcrossed almost exclusively to Q. alba. Together, RAD‐seq and MassARRAY technologies allow for efficient development and implementation of a multispecies barcode for one of the more challenging forest tree genera.
Restrictive cardiomyopathy: an unusual phenotype of a lamin A variant
Authors: Paller Mark S. , Martin Cindy M. , Pierpont Mary Ella 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMost individuals with cardiomyopathy associated with variants of the LMNA (lamin A) gene present with cardiac conduction abnormalities followed by dilated cardiomyopathy and cardiac failure; some also have skeletal muscle weakness. In this report, an individual with restrictive cardiomyopathy presenting with conduction defects followed by cardiac dysfunction of a restrictive nature eventually requiring cardiac transplantation is described. Subsequently, progressive skeletal muscle weakness became evident. The finding of a new LMNA pathologic gene variant in this patient increases the options for genetic testing of individuals with restrictive cardiomyopathy.
Hemin Modified SnO2 Films on ITO‐PET with Enhanced Activity for Electrochemical Sensing
Authors: Panagiotopoulos Apostolos , Gkouma Anthi , Vassi Andriana , Johnson Christopher J. , Cass Anthony E. G. , Topoglidis Emmanuel 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe present a simple and efficient method for the preparation of hemin‐modified SnO2 films on low cost, flexible, conducting ITO‐PET substrates to enable the development of a sensitive electrochemical sensor for the determination of H2O2. Using a hydrothermal processing method meant that the SnO2 films can be prepared at low temperatures, compatible with the PET substrate. The properties of the electrodes enable a high hemin loading to be achieved in a stable and functional way, allowing the direct reduction and oxidation of the immobilized hemin and maintaining its high electrocatalytic activity in the reduction of H2O2 on the surface. The results showed a sensitive response linearly proportional to the concentration of H2O2 in the range 1.5 to 90 μM.
Hierarchically nested river landform sequences. Part 1: Theory
Authors: Pasternack Gregory B. , Baig Dastagir , Weber Matthew D. , Brown Rocko A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPast river classifications use incommensurate typologies at each spatial scale and do not capture the pivotal role of topographic variability at each scale in driving the morphodynamics responsible for evolving hierarchically nested fluvial landforms. This study developed a new way to create geomorphic classifications using metrics diagnostic of individual processes the same way at every spatial scale and spanning a wide range of scales. We tested the approach on flow convergence routing, a geomorphically and ecologically important process with different morphodynamic states of erosion, routing, and deposition depending on the structure of nondimensional topographic variability. Five nondimensional landform types with unique functionality represent this process at any flow; they are nozzle, wide bar, normal channel, constricted pool, and oversized. These landforms are then nested within themselves by considering their longitudinal sequencing at key flows representing geomorphically important stages. A data analysis framework was developed to answer questions about the stage‐dependent spatial structure of topographic variability. Nesting permutations constrain and reveal how flow convergence routing morphodynamics functions in any river the framework is applied to. The methodology may also be used with other physical and biological datasets to evaluate the extent to which the patterning in that data is influenced by flow convergence routing. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distribution and geochemical fractionation of lead in the continental shelf sediments around India
Authors: Chakraborty Sucharita , Chakraborty Parthasarathi , Sarkar Arindam , Kazip Armoury , Mascarenhas‐Pereira M.B.L. , Nagender Nath B. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis study provides the first, preliminary data on geochemical distribution and fractionation of Pb (a toxic heavy metal) in continental shelf sediments around India and identifies the factors that control geochemical fractionation processes of Pb in convoluted coastal marine sediments. For the sake of clarity, the long coastline (~7,000 km) of India was divided into 6 coastal regions in this study. The total concentration of sedimentary Pb showed regional variation along the coast. The highest median concentration of Pb was found in the sediments collected from the north‐east region (26.5 mg/kg) followed by the north‐west (21.4 mg/kg) > central‐east (20.6 mg/kg) > south‐west (13.7 mg/kg) > south‐east (13.3 mg/kg) > central‐west (12.5 mg/kg) regions. Geochemical fractionation study suggested that the concentration of sedimentary Fe–Mn in oxyhydroxide form and the nature of sedimentary organic matters determined the geochemical distribution and fractionation of Pb in the shelf sediments. The major Pb hosting phases in the shelf sediments were the Fe–Mn oxyhydroxide phase followed by the sedimentary organic matter binding phases. The concentration of nonresidual Pb complexes in the shelf sediment was found to depend on the total sedimentary Pb loading. This study suggests that increase of anthropogenic Pb input and expansion of reduced oxygen levels in the coastal marine environment may have detrimental effects on the increasing mobility and bioavailability of Pb in the coastal areas around India.
White matter tract network disruption explains reduced conscientiousness in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Fuchs Tom A. , Dwyer Michael G. , Kuceyeski Amy , Choudhery Sanjeevani , Carolus Keith , Li Xian , Mallory Matthew , Weinstock‐Guttman Bianca , Jakimovski Dejan , Ramasamy Deepa , Zivadinov Robert , Benedict Ralph H.B. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractQuantifying white matter (WM) tract disruption in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) provides a novel means for investigating the relationship between defective network connectivity and clinical markers. PwMS exhibit perturbations in personality, where decreased Conscientiousness is particularly prominent. This trait deficit influences disease trajectory and functional outcomes such as work capacity. We aimed to identify patterns of WM tract disruption related to decreased Conscientiousness in PwMS. Personality assessment and brain MRI were obtained in 133 PwMS and 49 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls (HC). Lesion maps were applied to determine the severity of WM tract disruption between pairs of gray matter regions. Next, the Network‐Based‐Statistics tool was applied to identify structural networks whose disruption negatively correlates with Conscientiousness. Finally, to determine whether these networks explain unique variance above conventional MRI measures and cognition, regression models were applied controlling for age, sex, brain volume, T2‐lesion volume, and cognition. Relative to HCs, PwMS exhibited lower Conscientiousness and slowed cognitive processing speed (p = .025, p = .006). Lower Conscientiousness in PwMS was significantly associated with WM tract disruption between frontal, frontal‐parietal, and frontal‐cingulate pathways in the left (p = .02) and right (p = .01) hemisphere. The mean disruption of these pathways explained unique additive variance in Conscientiousness, after accounting for conventional MRI markers of pathology and cognition (ΔR2 = .049, p = .029). Damage to WM tracts between frontal, frontal‐parietal, and frontal‐cingulate cortical regions is significantly correlated with reduced Conscientiousness in PwMS. Tract disruption within these networks explains decreased Conscientiousness observed in PwMS as compared with HCs.
Hippocampal place cell dysfunction and the effects of muscarinic M1 receptor agonism in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Galloway Claire R. , Ravipati Kaushik , Singh Suyashi , Lebois Evan P. , Cohen Robert M. , Levey Allan I. , Manns Joseph R. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that disproportionately impacts memory and the hippocampus. However, it is unclear how AD pathology influences the activity of surviving neurons in the hippocampus to contribute to the memory symptoms in AD. One well‐understood connection between spatial memory and neuronal activity in healthy brains is the activity of place cells, neurons in the hippocampus that fire preferentially in a specific location of a given environment (the place field of the place cell). In the present study, place cells were recorded from the hippocampus in a recently‐developed rat model of AD (Tg‐F344 AD) at an age (12–20 months) at which the AD rats showed marked spatial memory deficits. Place cells in the CA2 and CA3 pyramidal regions of the hippocampus in AD rats showed sharply reduced spatial fidelity relative to wild‐type (WT) rats. In contrast, spiking activity of place cells recorded in region CA1 in AD rats showed good spatial fidelity that was similar to CA1 place cells in WT rats. Oral administration of the M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist VU0364572 impacted place cell firing rates in CA1 and CA2/3 hippocampal regions, but did not improve the spatial fidelity of CA2/3 hippocampal place cells in AD rats. The results indicated that, to the extent the spatial memory impairment in AD rats was attributable to hippocampal dysfunction, the memory impairment was more attributable to dysfunction in hippocampal regions CA2 and CA3 rather than CA1.