bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Negative Media Coverage of the Supreme Court: The Interactive Role of Opinion Language, Coalition Size, and Ideological Signals
Authors: Denison Alexander , Wedeking Justin , Zilis Michael A. 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveWe offer a novel consideration of how judicial behavior influences Court coverage, examining when the media use negative language to cover the Supreme Court, and the consequences of this portrayal.MethodsRegression analysis to examine over 1,000 news articles from 29 diverse outlets covering rulings from the 2014 term, using text‐based measures of the Court and media's negative coverage.ResultsWe find that the Court sends an important signal of conflict when using negative language in its decisions, leading to increases in negativity in subsequent coverage. We also show that this effect is conditional upon both the degree of consensus and ideological signals the Court sends when it rules.ConclusionThe media's treatment of the Supreme Court is in many ways a product of the conflict and ideological positioning that can be observed from the Court's rulings. It suggests that Court signals can attenuate media slant.
Single nucleotide polymorphism‐based species phylogeny of greater fritillary butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Speyeria) demonstrates widespread mitonuclear discordance
Authors: Campbell Erin O. , Gage Edward V. , Gage Randy V. , Sperling Felix A. H. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe systematics of Speyeria butterflies has historically been complicated by intraspecific variability that has challenged efforts to delimit species and reconstruct phylogenies. Our study presents a phylogenetic comparison of genomic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and mitochondrial COI gene sequences, with comprehensive taxon sampling that includes 15 species and 46 subspecies. Increased sampling of genetic markers and taxa improved the match between genetic clusters, obtained with both phylogenetic and cluster‐based analyses, and species previously detected using morphology, as well as showing two species delimitations that may need revision. We also recovered extensive mitonuclear discordance between genomic SNPs and the COI gene, confirming that mitochondrial DNA does not reliably identify several species at broad geographic scales. Resolution of the relationships of Speyeria species demonstrates the importance of sampling variation across the whole genome, and provides an essential foundation for understanding the evolution of this charismatic clade of North American butterflies.
English in the language ecology of a community of indigenous Derung people in Northwest Yunnan
Authors: Wang Jinjun , Huang Xingya 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWith the rapid sociopolitical and economic progress taking place over the past decade in the remote multi‐ethnic and multilingual Derung community in Dulongjiang Township, in the northwest of Yunnan Province, China, the local Derung people, one of the less populous ethnic groups in China, have been experiencing noticeable changes to their language ecology. This paper sets out to explore in particular the status and functions of English in its interaction with other languages in the Derung's language ecology, through investigating the local linguistic landscape and carrying out a survey of language instruction in the local elementary and secondary schools. The study reveals that English has become the second most frequent language after Mandarin Chinese (Putonghua) and further explores the reasons leading to this rise in the status and the functions of English as part of the changing language ecology in the Dulong River valley.
Impact of Forecast Uncertainty on Wind Farm Profitability
Authors: Frate Guido Francesco , Ferrari Lorenzo , Desideri Umberto 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The great amount of support schemes that initially fueled the fast and often uncontrollable, renewable energy sources (RESs) growth have been strongly reduced or revoked in many countries. Currently, the general trend is to try to equate RESs to traditional power plants. From the energy market point of view, this entails exposing RESs to market competition and mechanics. For example, it could be requested that RESs submit a production schedule in advance and are financially responsible for any deviation from it. This could push the wind farm (WF) operators to make accurate forecasts, thus fostering the electric system resiliency and an efficient use of balancing resources. From the forecasting point of view, this is not a trivial problem since the schedule submission is often due 10–12 h before the actual delivery. Since forecast errors are unavoidable, the submitted schedule could turn out to be infeasible, thus forcing the WF to adopt correcting actions, which are generally costly. This study estimates the revenue reduction that would affect a WF operating in the energy market due to forecast errors. To do this in a realistic way, a case study is selected, and realistic forecast scenarios are generated by using a copula approach. Relevant forecast error features, like autocorrelation and dependency on forecasted power level and forecast lead time, are modeled. The revenue reduction due to balancing actions is calculated on an annual basis, by using typical days. These were derived through a clustering procedure based on production data. Losses ranging from 5% to 35% have been found, depending on the days and market prices. A sensitivity analysis to the costs of balancing actions is performed. The effect of different market architectures and different RESs penetration level is considered in the analysis. Finally, the effectiveness of two techniques (i.e., curtailment and batteries) to reduce forecast error impact in highly penalizing market environments is assessed.
Controls on the evolution of passive-margin salt basins: Structure and evolution of the Salina del Bravo region, northeastern Mexico
Authors: Hudec Michael R. , Dooley Tim P. , Peel Frank J. , Soto Juan I. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPassive-margin salt basins tend to be much more deformed than their nonsalt equivalents, but they are by no means all the same. We used seismic data to study the Salina del Bravo region, northeast Mexico, to investigate the ways in which margin configuration and postsalt uplift history can influence passive-margin salt tectonics.The Salina del Bravo area contains four main structural systems, all of which trend NNE across the entire region. These structures are the Bravo trough, Sigsbee salt canopy, Perdido fold-and-thrust belt, and BAHA high. Gravity-driven deformation did not begin until more than 130 m.y. after salt deposition, because of buttressing against the BAHA high. We suggest that deformation was ultimately triggered in the Cenozoic by Cordilleran uplift that tilted the margin seaward and created a major sediment source terrane. Sediments shed from the uplift expelled salt seaward to form the Sigsbee canopy. At the same time, tilted and loaded sediments were translated seaward on the Louann salt until they were buttressed against the BAHA high, forming the Perdido fold-and-thrust belt. A physical model was built to test this hypothesis. The model was able to reproduce most of the major structures in the region, suggesting that the hypothesis is reasonable.The Salina del Bravo region shows how a downdip buttress can inhibit gravity-driven salt deformation in passive-margin salt basins. Furthermore, the area also shows the importance of postsalt uplift, which can destabilize a margin through a combination of tilting and sedimentation.
Improving TSP Tours Using Dynamic Programming over Tree Decompositions
Authors: Cygan Marek , Kowalik Łukasz , Socała Arkadiusz 
Published: October 2019

Given a traveling salesman problem (TSP) tour
H
in graph
G
, a
k
-move is an operation that removes
k
edges from
H
and adds
k
edges of
G
so that a new tour
H
′
is formed. The popular
k
-OPT heuristic for TSP finds a local optimum by starting from an arbitrary tour
H
and then improving it by a sequence of
k
-moves.

Until 2016, the only known algorithm to find an improving
k
-move for a given tour was the naive solution in time
O
(
n

k

). At ICALP’16, de Berg, Buchin, Jansen, and Woeginger showed an
O
(
n

⌊2
k
/3⌋+1

)-time algorithm.

We show an algorithm that runs in
O
(
n

(1/4+ϵ

k

)
k

) time, where lim

k
→ ∞

ϵ

k

= 0. It improves over the state of the art for every
k
≥ 5. For the most practically relevant case
k
= 5, we provide a slightly refined algorithm running in
O
(
n
3.4
) time. We also show that for the
k
= 4 case, improving over the
O
(
n
3
)-time algorithm of de Berg et al. would be a major breakthrough: An
O
(
n
3−ϵ
)-time algorithm for any ϵ > 0 would imply an
O
(
n
3−δ
)-time algorithm for the A
ll
P
airs
S
hortest
P
aths
problem, for some δ > 0.
Gastrointestinal Tract Dysbiosis Enhances Distal Tumor Progression through Suppression of Leukocyte Trafficking
Authors: Jenkins Samir V. , Robeson Michael S. , Griffin Robert J. , Quick Charles M. , Siegel Eric R. , Cannon Martin J. , Vang Kieng B. , Dings Ruud P.M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

The overall use of antibiotics has increased significantly in recent years. Besides fighting infections, antibiotics also alter the gut microbiota. Commensal bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract are crucial to maintain immune homeostasis, and microbial imbalance or dysbiosis affects disease susceptibility and progression. We hypothesized that antibiotic-induced dysbiosis of the gut microbiota would suppress cytokine profiles in the host, thereby leading to changes in the tumor microenvironment. The induced dysbiosis was characterized by alterations in bacterial abundance, composition, and diversity in our animal models. On the host side, antibiotic-induced dysbiosis caused elongated small intestines and ceca, and B16-F10 melanoma and Lewis lung carcinoma progressed more quickly than in control mice. Mechanistic studies revealed that this progression was mediated by suppressed TNFα levels, both locally and systemically, resulting in reduced expression of tumor endothelial adhesion molecules, particularly intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and a subsequent decrease in the number of activated and effector CD8+ T cells in the tumor. However, suppression of ICAM-1 or its binding site, the alpha subunit of lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1, was not seen in the spleen or thymus during dysbiosis. TNFα supplementation in dysbiotic mice was able to increase ICAM-1 expression and leukocyte trafficking into the tumor. Overall, these results demonstrate the importance of commensal bacteria in supporting anticancer immune surveillance, define an important role of tumor endothelial cells within this process, and suggest adverse consequences of antibiotics on cancer control.

Significance:
Antibiotic-induced dysbiosis enhances distal tumor progression by altering host cytokine levels, resulting in suppression of tumor endothelial adhesion molecules and activated and effector CD8+ T cells in the tumor.
Cronos Titin Is Expressed in Human Cardiomyocytes and Necessary for Normal Sarcomere Function
Authors: Zaunbrecher Rebecca J. , Abel Ashley N. , Beussman Kevin , Leonard Andrea , von Frieling-Salewsky Marion , Fields Paul A. , Pabon Lil , Reinecke Hans , Yang Xiulan , Macadangdang Jesse , Kim Deok-Ho , Linke Wolfgang A. , Sniadecki Nathan J. , Regnier Michael , Murry Charles E. 
Published: October 2019

Background:

The giant sarcomere protein titin is important in both heart health and disease. Mutations in the gene encoding for titin (
TTN
) are the leading known cause of familial dilated cardiomyopathy. The uneven distribution of these mutations within
TTN
motivated us to seek a more complete understanding of this gene and the isoforms it encodes in cardiomyocyte (CM) sarcomere formation and function.

Methods:

To investigate the function of titin in human CMs, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to generate homozygous truncations in the Z disk (TTN-Z
−/−
) and A-band (TTN-A
−/−
) regions of the
TTN
gene in human induced pluripotent stem cells. The resulting CMs were characterized with immunostaining, engineered heart tissue mechanical measurements, and single-cell force and calcium measurements.

Results:

After differentiation, we were surprised to find that despite the more upstream mutation, TTN-Z
−/−
-CMs had sarcomeres and visibly contracted, whereas TTN-A
−/−
-CMs did not. We hypothesized that sarcomere formation was caused by the expression of a recently discovered isoform of titin, Cronos, which initiates downstream of the truncation in TTN-Z
−/−
-CMs. Using a custom Cronos antibody, we demonstrate that this isoform is expressed and integrated into myofibrils in human CMs. TTN-Z
−/−
-CMs exclusively express Cronos titin, but these cells produce lower contractile force and have perturbed myofibril bundling compared with controls expressing both full-length and Cronos titin. Cronos titin is highly expressed in human fetal cardiac tissue, and when knocked out in human induced pluripotent stem cell derived CMs, these cells exhibit reduced contractile force and myofibrillar disarray despite the presence of full-length titin.

Conclusions:
We demonstrate that Cronos titin is expressed in developing human CMs and is able to support partial sarcomere formation in the absence of full-length titin. Furthermore, Cronos titin is necessary for proper sarcomere function in human induced pluripotent stem cell derived CMs. Additional investigation is necessary to understand the molecular mechanisms of this novel isoform and how it contributes to human cardiac disease.
Comparative Effectiveness of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy With Aspirin and Clopidogrel Versus Aspirin Monotherapy in Acute, Nonminor Stroke
Authors: Kim Joon-Tae , Park Man-Seok , Choi Kang-Ho , Cho Ki-Hyun , Kim Beom Joon , Park Jong-Moo , Kang Kyusik , Lee Soo Joo , Kim Jae Guk , Cha Jae-Kwan , Kim Dae-Hyun , Park Tai Hwan , Park Sang-Soon , Lee Kyung Bok , Lee Jun , Hong Keun-Sik , Cho Yong-Jin , Park Hong-Kyun , Lee Byung-Chul , Yu Kyung-Ho , Oh Mi Sun , Kim Dong-Eog , Ryu Wi-Sun , Choi Jay Chol , Kwon Jee-Hyun , Kim Wook-Joo , Shin Dong-Ick , Sohn Sung Il , Hong Jeong-Ho , Lee Ji Sung , Lee Juneyoung , Bae Hee-Joon 
Published: October 2019

Background and Purpose—
This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of dual antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel plus aspirin (DAPT) with that of aspirin monotherapy (AM) in patients with acute, nonminor, and noncardioembolic stroke.

Methods—
Using a prospective, nationwide, multicenter stroke registry database, acute (within 24 hours of onset), nonminor (baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, 4–15), and noncardioembolic stroke patients were identified. Propensity scores using inverse probability of treatment weighting were used to adjust baseline imbalances between the DAPT and AM groups. A primary outcome measure was a composite of all types of stroke (ischemic and hemorrhagic), myocardial infarction, and all-cause mortality within 3 months of stroke onset.

Results—

Among the 4461 patients meeting the eligibility criteria (age, 69±13 years; men, 57.7%), 52.5% (n=2340) received AM, and 47.5% (n=2121) received DAPT. The primary outcome event was not significantly different between the DAPT group and the AM group (20.9% versus 22.6%,
P
=0.13). The event rates of all types of stroke were also not different between the 2 groups (19.3% versus 20.1%,
P
=0.35), while all-cause mortality was significantly lower in the DAPT group than in the AM group (3.4% versus 4.9%,
P
=0.02). In the propensity-weighted Cox proportional hazards models with robust estimation, DAPT did not reduce the risk of the primary outcome event (hazards ratio, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.79–1.04) but did reduce the risk of all-cause mortality (0.69; 0.49–0.97). There was no treatment heterogeneity among the predefined subgroups, although the potential benefits of DAPT were suggested in subpopulations of moderate-to-severe relevant arterial stenosis and relatively severe deficits (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, 12–15).

Conclusions—
Compared to AM, clopidogrel plus aspirin did not reduce the risk of the primary outcome event during the first 3 months after a nonminor, noncardioembolic, ischemic stroke.
Genome-Wide Association Study of White Blood Cell Counts in Patients With Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Torres-Aguila Nuria P. , Carrera Caty , Giese Anne-Katrine , Cullell Natalia , Muiño Elena , Cárcel-Márquez Jara , Gallego-Fabrega Cristina , González-Sánchez Jonathan , del Mar Freijo María , Álvarez-Sabín José , Molina Carlos , Ribó Marc , Jimenez-Conde Jordi , Roquer Jaume , Sobrino Tomás , Campos Francisco , Castillo José , Muñoz-Narbona Lucia , Lopez-Cancio Elena , Dàvalos Antoni , Diaz-Navarro Rosa , Tur Silvia , Vives-Bauza Cristòfol , Serrano-Heras Gemma , Segura Tomás , Krupinski Jerzy , Delgado-Mederos Raquel , Martí-Fàbregas Joan , Heitsch Laura , Ibañez Laura , Cruchaga Carlos , Rost Natalia S. , Montaner Joan , Lee Jin-Moo , Fernandez-Cadenas Israel 
Published: October 2019

Background and Purpose—
Immune cells play a key role in the first 24h poststroke (acute phase), being associated with stroke outcome. We aimed to find genetic risk factors associated with leukocyte counts during the acute phase of stroke.

Methods—
Ischemic stroke patients with leukocyte counts data during the first 24h were included. Genome-wide association study and gene expression studies were performed.

Results—

Our genome-wide association study, which included 2064 (Discovery) and 407 (Replication) patients, revealed a new locus (14q24.3) associated with leukocyte counts. After Joint analysis (n=2471) 5 more polymorphisms reached genome-wide significance (
P
<5×10
−8
). The 14q24.3 locus was associated with acute stroke outcome (rs112809786,
P
=0.036) and with
ACOT1
and
PTGR2
gene expression. Previous polymorphisms associated with leukocyte counts in general-population did not show any significance in our study.

Conclusions—
We have found the first locus associated with leukocyte counts in ischemic stroke, also associated with acute outcome. Genetic analysis of acute endophenotypes could be useful to find the genetic factors associated with stroke outcome. Our findings suggested a different modulation of immune cells in stroke compared with healthy conditions.
Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Increases Hemorrhagic Transformation Following Thrombolytic Treatment in Experimental Stroke
Authors: Zheng Yi , Lieschke Franziska , Schaefer Jan Hendrik , Wang Xiaoying , Foerch Christian , van Leyen Klaus 
Published: October 2019

Background and Purpose—
Dual antiplatelet treatment poses a risk for increased hemorrhagic transformation (HT) following intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy. The aim of this study was to implement a model of experimental stroke with tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA)-associated HT in mice on dual antiplatelet treatment to enable mechanistic studies and also to allow for an initial assessment of therapeutic approaches to limit HT.

Methods—
Male C57BL6 mice were fed with Aspirin and Clopidogrel via drinking water for 3 days. Subsequently, mice were subjected to 2-hour transient middle cerebral artery occlusion, and tPA was infused when indicated. HT was quantified by measuring hemorrhaged areas in brain sections with ImageJ. TTC staining was used to determine infarct size. Platelet function was tested in vitro using flow cytometry and in vivo with standard tail bleeding tests.

Results—

Both flow cytometry and tail bleeding volumes indicated significantly reduced platelet function following Aspirin and Clopidogrel treatment. While tPA administered 2 hours after onset of middle cerebral artery occlusion did not cause bleeding in control mice (0.51±0.13 mm2), HT significantly increased by 18.9±5.4 mm2 (
P
=0.0045) in Aspirin and Clopidogrel mice treated with tPA. HT in aspirin and clopidogrel mice not treated with tPA was nonsignificantly elevated by 8.0±4.6 mm
2
(
P
=0.3784) compared with controls. Infarct sizes did not differ between groups. The HT persisted when the tPA dosage was reduced.

Conclusions—
We successfully established a translational stroke model of tPA treatment under dual antiplatelet treatment. The impaired platelet function led to an increased risk for HT in tPA-treated mice. Reducing the dosage of tPA did not prevent this hemorrhagic complication.
<p><strong><em>Persea himalayensis </em></strong><strong>(Lauraceae), a superfluous name for <em>Machilus odoratissima </em>and second-step lectotypification of <em>Machilus odoratissima</em></strong></p>
Authors: KUMAR ANAND 
Published: October 2019

The genus Machilus Nees von Esenbeck (1831: 70) comprises c. 100 species distributed in tropical and subtropical S and SE Asia (Wei & van der Werff 2008). Kostermans (1952: 116) transferred Machilus to Persea Miller (1754: without pagination), but recent molecular evidence supports that Machilus should be treated as a distinct genus (Rohwer et al. 2009, Li et al. 2011). The type species Machilus odoratissima Nees von Esenbeck (1831: 70) was described with two unnamed varieties α and β based on the collections no. 2607A–F of Wallich’s Catalogue. For variety α, Nees von Esenbeck stated ‘paniculis floribusque pubescentibus, baccis globosis’ and cited ‘n. 2607 A ex parte, C, D, E.’ For variety β, he stated ‘paniculis floribusque glabriusculis aut sparsim puberulis, baccis ovatis vel (immaturis) oblongis’ and cited ‘n. 2607 A ex parte, B, F’. Hooker (1890: 859–860) was the first person to clarify Nees’s original material. He noted that the collection no. 2607A of Wallich’s catalogue from Nepal was in bud only, and the panicles as well as the buds were silky pubescent. In his opinion, it was possibly a large leaved form of M. bombycina King ex Hooker (1890: 861). In fact, the collection no. 2607A consists of several specimens deposited in different herbaria, bearing buds, flowers and fruits. The collections with silky pubescent buds (BM000888163, E00393305, E00393306, GZU000254236, K000821638, K000821637, K001116551, L0036904, L0036905, MEL2389976), pubescent flowers (GZU000254234) and globose fruits (GZU000254237) are of M. duthiei King ex Hook.f. (1890: 861) and the specimens with glabrous inflorescences (CAL0000073560, E00680973, K000228477, NY00355177, NY00355178) and oblong fruits (CAL0000073560, GZU000254235) are of M. odoratissima. Some fruits of M. odoratissima were wrongly placed in a packet attached to a specimen of M. duthiei bearing barcode no. GZU000254236. These fruits most likely have been taken from the specimen bearing barcode no. GZU000254235, which is of M. odoratissima. The collection no. 2607B from ‘Chercoolie’ in the ‘Deyra Dhoon’ (Dehra Dun) has a perfectly glabrous panicle, old flowers and oblong fruit. Hooker believed that this was what Wallich intended for M. odoratissima. He also stated that the collections from Rungpore and Patgong, no. 2607C, with globose small fruit, and perhaps (indicated by a question mark) the one from Goalpara, no. 2607D, were the cultivated M. bombycina. Hooker mentioned that the collection no. 2607E from Silhet, with a silky perianth and long glaucous leaves, was probably M. kurzii King ex Hooker (1890: 860) and the collection no. 2607F, supposedly from Singapore, was ‘unquestionably the same as B’, but the locality was almost certainly erroneous.