bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ayahuasca enhances the formation of hippocampal-dependent episodic memory without impacting false memory susceptibility in experienced ayahuasca users: An observational study
Authors: Doss Manoj K , Kloft Lilian , Mason Natasha L , Mallaroni Pablo , Reckweg Johannes T , van Oorsouw Kim , Tupper Nina , Otgaar Henry , Ramaekers Johannes G 
Published: November 2024

Background: Ayahuasca is an Amazonian brew with 5-HT2A-dependent psychedelic effects taken by religious groups globally. Recently, psychedelics have been shown to impair the formation of recollections (hippocampal-dependent episodic memory for specific details) and potentially distort memory while remembering. However, psychedelics spare or enhance the formation of familiarity-based memory (cortical-dependent feeling of knowing that a stimulus has been processed). Aims: Given the growing literature on the plasticity-promoting effects of psychedelics, we investigated the acute impact of ayahuasca on recollection, familiarity, and false memory in an observational study of 24 Santo Daime members with >500 lifetime ayahuasca uses on average. Methods: Participants completed a false memory task at baseline and after they consumed a self-selected dose of ayahuasca prepared by their church (average dose contained 3.36 and 170.64 mg of N,N-dimethyltryptamine and β-carbolines, respectively). Results: Surprisingly, pre-encoding administration of ayahuasca enhanced hit rates, memory accuracy, and recollection but had no impact on familiarity or false memory. Although practice effects cannot be discounted, these memory enhancements were large and selective, as multiple measures of false memory and metamemory did not improve across testing sessions. β-carboline activity potentially accounted for this recollection enhancement that diverges from past psychedelic research. Although ayahuasca did not impact familiarity, these estimates were generally elevated across conditions compared to past work, alluding to a consequence of frequently driving cortical plasticity. Conclusions: When encoding and retrieval took place under acute ayahuasca effects in experienced ayahuasca users, susceptibility to memory distortions did not increase, potentially owing to enhancements in memory accuracy.
Patients’ Trajectory With Lung Cancer From Treatment Initiation to End-Of-Life: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using Claims Data in Japan
Authors: Ogura Yuri , Iwasaku Masahiro , Ishida Mami , Katayama Yuki , Nishioka Naoya , Morimoto Kenji , Yamamoto Chie , Tokuda Shinsaku , Kaneko Yoshiko , Yamada Tadaaki , Yamazaki Hideya , Inoue Masayoshi , Ikai Hiroshi , Takayama Koichi 
Published: November 2024

Introduction This study aimed to describe the course of patients with lung cancer from treatment initiation to end-of-life. Methods This retrospective cohort study used Claims Data from the National Health Insurance and Advanced Elderly Medical Service System. We analyzed data from patients newly diagnosed with lung cancer between April 2013 and March 2021 who had been hospitalized at our University Hospital in urban area. We evaluated (1) treatment courses of these patients, and (2) end-of-life care and clinical factors related to end-of-life care. Results A total of 818 patients who were diagnosed with lung cancer and received lung cancer treatment were included, of whom 200 were assessed for end-of-life. During the study period, 464 patients underwent surgery, while 308 received chemotherapy without undergoing surgery. The patients generally received lung cancer treatment within 2 years. The median time from initial treatment to death was 13 months for deceased patients. Patients in the palliative care unit (PCU) constituted 9% at 30 days before death, 25% at 7 days before death, and 40.5% on the day of death, whereas only 15% died at home. The prevalence of end-of-life care in the home/PCU was elevated among patients receiving molecular targeted drugs and in the female group. Conclusion This study highlighted the patterns of end-of-life care following lung cancer treatment by using Claims Data. PCU utilization was concentrated in the period shortly before death, with fewer patients passing away at home. End-of-life care may be influenced by clinical factors, including the type of lung cancer treatment received, which may change the place of care.
Emotion Recognition Accuracy Among Individuals With ADHD: A Systematic Review
Authors: Shepard Emily C. , Ruben Mollie , Weyandt Lisa L. 
Published: November 2024

Objective: The aim of the present systematic review was to consolidate findings related to emotion recognition accuracy among individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The review also examined emotion recognition accuracy assessment methods as well as the contribution of gender to emotional recognition accuracy. Method: A total of 43 articles were identified based on inclusion criteria using PRISMA guidelines for article retrieval. Results: 58% of retrieved articles reported significantly decreased emotion recognition accuracy among individuals with ADHD relative to neurotypical peers, with either global or emotion-specific differences identified. Notably, studies finding a significant difference in emotion recognition accuracy were of significantly lower quality according to a quality review checklist than the articles finding no difference ( p < .001). For example, when use of control conditions and multiple measures of emotion recognition accuracy were employed, no study found a significant difference in emotion recognition accuracy between individuals with and without ADHD. Regarding potential gender differences, not a single study included gender diversity beyond sex assigned at birth. The majority (86%) of studies included a predominantly male sample, with 15% including only male participants. While differences in emotion recognition accuracy were found between male and female participants in 7% of cases, future research is needed to identify the contribution of gender diversity.
The Prioritization of Prospection
Authors: Caruso Eugene M. , Maglio Sam J. , Van Boven Leaf 
Published: November 2024

Academic Abstract Humans frequently engage in mental time travel, reflecting on the past and anticipating the future. Although these processes may seem similar, research documents systematic differences between retrospection and prospection. We propose a conceptual framework to organize and explain these differences based on three axiomatic temporal asymmetries: The past occurs before the future; the past is more certain than the future; and the past is less controllable than the future. People’s experience with these axiomatic differences is internalized and overgeneralized to shape mental representations of the past and future. Our review shows that people generally prioritize prospection over retrospection, attending more to the future than the past and reacting more intensely to future events than to past events. We consider potential moderators of and constraints on the generality of prioritizing prospection. We explore the implications of these temporal asymmetries, emphasizing their theoretical and practical significance. Public Abstract While daily life centers on the present, people often reflect on the past and anticipate the future. But which direction of mental time travel—backward or forward—has more influence? We identify three key differences that shape how people engage with the past and future: time flows from past to future, the future is more uncertain, and people have more control over the future. These differences affect the frequency, intensity, and nature of thoughts and feelings, leading to predictable biases in how we mentally represent and emotionally engage with events over time. Because focusing on the future often provides greater benefits, people tend to prioritize prospection over retrospection in everyday life.
Transmucosal glucagon rapidly increases blood glucose concentration in healthy cats
Authors: Cohen Emily A , Porter Lauren , Crews Chiquitha D , Mott Jocelyn , Tardo Antonio M , Gilor Chen 
Published: November 2024

Objectives To evaluate the effect of transmucosal glucagon powder (Baqsimi; Amphastar Pharmaceuticals) on blood glucose (BG) concentrations in healthy cats and describe adverse reactions to its administration. Methods A randomized, controlled, crossover study was conducted on six healthy cats with a 7-day washout period between treatments. Transmucosal glucagon powder was administered intranasally and rectally and compared with intranasal placebo. Blood was collected at −15 and −1 mins before glucagon administration and 5, 15, 25, 35, 45 and 60 mins after to evaluate BG, plasma glucagon concentrations (pGlucagon) and plasma potassium concentrations (K+). Stress scores and adverse effects were recorded at all time points. Results Median pGlucagon in the nasal and rectal groups increased from baseline (nasal: 12.2 pmol/l, range 3.5–44.1; rectal: 6.9 pmol/l, range 2.9–21.1) to 218.5 pmol/l (range 7.9–349.8; P = 0.02) and 349.8 pmol/l (range 67.4–349.8; P = 0.01), respectively, 15 mins after administration. Median BG increased from baseline (101 mg/dl, range 91–110) 15 mins after nasal (137.5 mg/dl, range 104–251; P = 0.006) and rectal (229 mg/dl, range 99–285; P = 0.002) administration. Median K+ decreased from baseline (nasal: 3.8 mmol/l, range 3.6–4.1; rectal: 3.7 mmol/l, range 3.5–3.9) to 3.4 mmol/l (range 3.1–3.6; P = 0.04) at 15 mins with nasal administration, and to 3.2 mmol/l (range 3.1–3.6; P = 0.04) at 15 mins and 3.1 mmol/l (range 2.9–3.4; P = 0.01) at 25 mins with rectal administration. No significant changes were detected in the placebo group. No serious adverse effects were noted. Conclusions and relevance Transmucosal glucagon administration is effective in raising BG with minimal side effects in healthy cats. Future studies are needed to quantify the efficacy and safety of transmucosal glucagon in diabetic cats, especially during hypoglycemic crises.
Prediction of Distant Metastasis of Lymph-Node-Negative Primary Breast Cancer From Gene Expression Profiling Using Cox-Boost Regression Model
Authors: Hamidi Omid , Amini Payam , Tapak Leili , Zohrab Beigi Yasaman , Afshar Saeid , Dinu Irina 
Published: November 2024

Backgrounds: Distant metastasis in breast cancer patients contributes to increased breast cancer mortality, highlighting the urgent need for effective predictive strategies. Understanding metastasis mechanisms and identifying relevant biomarkers are crucial for improving patient outcomes and informing targeted therapies. This study employed a high-dimensional regression model to identify biomarkers linked to distant metastasis-free survival in breast cancer patients, with the goal of enhancing prognostic accuracy and guiding clinical decisions. Methods: We utilized the publicly available breast cancer dataset (GSE2034), which includes gene expression profiles for 22 283 genes across 286 samples. To identify relevant genes, we applied Cox-Boost regression and a random forest (RF) model. We then explored the association between the selected genes and metastasis-free survival outcomes using quantile regression, chosen for its ability to assess the impact of these genes across different survival quantiles ( P < .05). This approach complements the Cox-Boost model by providing a more detailed understanding of gene-survival relationships at various points in the survival distribution, thereby strengthening the robustness of our findings. Results: We identified 222 significant transcripts using univariate Cox regression models. By applying Cox-Boost, both with and without adjustment for ER+/− status, we identified 7 genes associated with time-to-relapse/metastasis in breast cancer patients: SNU13, CLINT1, ACBD3, NEK2, COL2A1, WFDC1, and RACGAP1. A similar approach was used for ER-positive patients. Patients were classified as high or low risk for metastasis based on the median prognostic index calculated from the identified genes ( P < .001). The top-ranked genes associated with high/low risk groups using RF were RACGAP1, NEK2, CCNA2, DTL, ACBD3, ARL6IP5, WFDC1, and PDCD4. Conclusions: We identified eleven key genes, including SNU13, CLINT1, ACBD3, NEK2, COL2A1, WFDC1, and RACGAP1, as well as CCNA2, DTL, ARL6IP5, and PDCD4, that are related to the risk of distant metastasis and may be used as biomarkers to predict distant metastasis of breast cancer.
Antipsychotic Medication Use Among Newly Admitted Long-term Care Residents During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Canada
Authors: Turcotte Luke A , Heckman George A , McArthur Caitlin , Saari Margaret , Sinn Chi-Ling Joanna , Mathias Krista , Khowaja Asif , Stall Nathan M , Hirdes John P 
Published: November 2024

Objective: Examination of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on rates of antipsychotic medication use, initiation and discontinuation, among newly admitted long-term care residents. Design: Repeated cross-sectional study. Settings and Participants: Long-term care home residents in Alberta, British Columbia and Ontario, Canada assessed with the Minimum Data Set (MDS) 2.0 assessment. The cohort was segmented according to admission during the pandemic (March 2020/2021) and 2 pre-pandemic (March 2018/2019 and March 2019/2020) periods. Methods: Multivariable logistic regression models were fit to characterize the association between long-term care admission during the COVID-19 pandemic and the use of antipsychotic medications. A second set of logistic regression models were fit among residents with follow-up assessments to characterize the association between long-term care admission and antipsychotic initiation/discontinuation at follow-up. All models were adjusted for resident characteristics including sex, age group, Aggressive Behaviour Scale score, Cognitive Performance Scale score, and diagnoses of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias, anxiety disorder, depression, and bipolar disorder. Results: 21 612 residents admitted during the pandemic and over 30 000 in each pre-pandemic period were included. Antipsychotic use increased during the pandemic period among newly admitted residents from both community (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.20-1.29) and hospital settings (aOR 1.21-1.23). Residents admitted during the pandemic period were more likely to have antipsychotic medications initiated (aOR 1.25-1.26) and less likely to have had them discontinued (aOR 0.74-0.76) at the time of follow-up assessment. Conclusion and Implications: Multiple factors contributed to the observed increase in antipsychotic medication use among newly admitted long-term care home residents during the COVID-19 pandemic: increased medication use at the time of admission, increased medication initiation at follow-up, and decreased medication discontinuation at follow-up. A whole-systems approach that extends beyond long-term care into hospital and community settings is necessary to address this prevalent issue.
Challenges and Tensions in Enacting Culturally Responsive Pedagogy – A Case Study in Teaching International Baccalaureate Diploma Visual Arts at an Islamic School in Australia
Authors: Yusoff Noor Hasbi 
Published: November 2024

Inclusive education in Australia incorporates education to support a wide range of students’ physical abilities, social conditions and culture-religious constructs. The case study described here focuses on religious inclusivity in the application of pedagogical strategy within the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme Visual Arts curriculum. Specifically, it aims to analyse the challenges that may arise from enacting culturally-sensitive pedagogy in teaching Visual Arts at an Islamic secondary school in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. The research includes analysis of available literature that discusses education in Islam, culturally-sensitive pedagogy and inclusive education. It also includes critical practice-based reflection on the pedagogical strategies used, classroom sessions and students’ responses. The case study covered a time period of one week out of a 20-week unit of work of a Year 11 International Baccalaureate Diploma Visual Arts programme delivered to a class of Muslim students of diverse ethnic backgrounds. The two main challenges that arose are firstly, the need for the teacher to address the Islamic notion of adab (etiquette) in preventing wrong-doing while delivering content deemed prohibited by Islam; and secondly, the accessibility of information from the internet that may contradict the Islamic ethos of the school. The case study suggests that with a responsive attitude towards pedagogical strategy and a respectful approach to the cultural needs of the student demographic, it is possible to mitigate the tensions of delivering content that may be deemed culturally inappropriate in an Islamic school setting without compromising the demands of a rigorous curriculum such as the International Baccalaureate Diploma Visual Arts programme.
Comparison of 1-Year Outcome Among Different Low Dosage Triamcinolone Acetonide Injections for Trigger Finger
Authors: Sato Junko , Ishii Yoshinori , Noguchi Hideo , Takahashi Ikuko 
Published: November 2024

Background: This study was designed to compare the 1-year outcome among the groups with different low-dosage triamcinolone acetonide (TA) injections for trigger finger. Methods: In the study period, trigger digits were initially injected with 2, 4, or 8 mg TA. We checked whether they had a second injection or surgery during the following year by either patients’ revisit or telephone interview. The groups with different injections were compared according to recurrence and symptom relief period. We also assessed the 6-week outcome to confirm the short-term improvement. Results: One-hundred ninety-eight digits were enrolled. About 60% of the injected fingers required additional treatment in each group without significant difference. The interval between the initial injection and additional treatment in the recurrent cases averaged 5 months in the 2 and 4 mg TA groups, being significantly extended for a short term of 1.5 months in the 8 mg TA group. All the groups showed a significant improvement of the patients’ clinical severity at 6 weeks after injection without any difference among the groups. There was no adverse event. Conclusions: Low-dosage TA injection for trigger finger within 8 mg yielded satisfactory results, not being inferior to those with higher dosage up to 40 mg in comparison with previous reports. Our findings implied that increasing TA dosage might bring short-extended symptom relief, however, not reduce the recurrence. While not offering great benefit, lower dosage TA injection for trigger finger can be chosen, aiming for cost-effectiveness, safety, and small injection site pain.
Epidemiological Analysis of Upper Extremity Amputations From Lawn Mower–Related Injuries
Authors: Nemirov Daniel A. , Onor Gabriel I. , Kwok Moody , Gallant Gregory G. , Beredjiklian Pedro K. 
Published: November 2024

Background: Lawn mower–related injuries (LMIs) represent a complex spectrum of pathology with significant public health ramifications. The purpose of this study was to analyze the epidemiological factors associated with lawn mower upper extremity amputations. Methods: The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) database was queried from 2014 to 2023. National case estimates were established for upper extremity amputation events secondary to lawn mowers using diagnostic and injury-specific coding parameters. Documented cases from NEISS-participating hospitals were evaluated and injury data surrounding individual amputation events were analyzed. Results: An estimated 17 509 upper extremity amputations occurred from 2014 to 2023 secondary to LMI in the United States. Annual case estimates and incidence rates remained relatively uniform across the 10-year study period. Most injuries were estimated to occur in 50- to 59-year-old patients. Case record review from pooled participating NEISS hospitals yielded 469 cases of upper extremity amputation directly associated with LMI from 2014 to 2023. Ninety-one percent of cases occurred in men, and most events involved the amputation of a finger (97%). Most cases of lawn mower–associated injury involved the amputation of the middle digit (41.6%) in isolation (64% of cases involved amputation of 1 digit). Conclusions: Despite advances in product safety and consumer education, the estimated frequency and incidence rate of upper extremity amputations secondary to LMI has remained largely unchanged over the past 10 years. When these events did occur, 40- to 60-year-old men were most often involved, most commonly leading to amputation of the third finger in isolation.
Effects of Postoperative Oral Corticosteroids on Infection Rates in Upper Extremity Surgery
Authors: Khabyeh-Hasbani Nathan , Yan Yufan , Cohen Joshua M. , Abuqubo Rami Z. , Koehler Steven M. 
Published: November 2024

Background: The recent trend in administering postoperative oral corticosteroids has proven effective in alleviating pain and improving surgical outcomes for hand and upper extremity procedures. However, concerns persist regarding potential infection risks despite a lack of supporting evidence in the current literature. We propose that a 6-day regimen of low-dose postoperative oral corticosteroids is safe and does not increase the likelihood of surgical site infections (SSIs) in adult upper extremity surgeries. Methods: A retrospective study of all adult patients who underwent clean, upper extremity surgery, including both soft tissue and hardware implantation cases, between November 2021 and November 2023, performed at a single institution were included in the study. Primary outcome measures were diagnosis of SSI by 14 days and 30 days. Categorical variables were compared using χ2 tests, and continuous variables were compared using Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. A P value less than .05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 813 cases were included for analysis—196 received a 6-day course of postoperative oral steroids (methylprednisolone) and 617 did not. Both groups had similar SSI rates of 4.1% and 3.1%, respectively, with no statistical differences between the groups at any postoperative time. Subgroup analysis of patients diagnosed with an SSI identified no statistically different demographic factors or medical comorbidities when comparing patients who received postoperative oral corticosteroids versus those who did not. Conclusions: Low-dose, postoperative oral steroid use following adult upper extremity surgery is safe and does not increase the risk of SSI. Further investigations with prospective studies on postoperative oral corticosteroids would prove advantageous.