bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel high-power all-fiberized flexible spectral filter for high power linearly-polarized Raman fiber laser
Authors: Song Jiaxin , Xu Haiyang , Ye Jun , Wu Hanshuo , Zhang Hanwei , Xu Jiangming , Zhou Pu 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPower scaling of linearly polarized Raman fiber laser (LPRFL), which has wide application potentials, is mainly limited by the generation of high-order Stokes light. In this paper, we propose a novel flexible spectral filter with all-fiberized configuration and high-power handling. Combining with the polarization-dependence of Raman gain, the filter could be used to efficiently suppress high-order Stokes light in LPRFL and thus help further power scaling. The filter is fabricated by two 45° cross-splice of three pieces of polarization maintaining (PM) passive fibers. The bandwidth and central wavelength of transmission spectrum of the spectral filter could be flexibly tuned through changing the length and temperature of the cross-spliced fiber. The insertion loss of the filter fabricated in the lab is measured to be as low as 0.07 dB. The filter is employed in a LPRFL, and the maximum output power of the LPRFL is increased by 48.7%.
Minimally-destructive atmospheric ionisation mass spectrometry authenticates authorship of historical manuscripts
Authors: Newton James , Ramage Gordon , Gadegaard Nikolaj , Zachs William , Rogers Simon , Barrett Michael P. , Carruthers Gerard , Burgess Karl 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAuthentic historic manuscripts fetch high sums, but establishing their authenticity is challenging, relies on a host of stylistic clues and requires expert knowledge. High resolution mass spectrometry has not, until now, been applied to guide the authentication of historic manuscripts. Robert Burns is a well-known Scottish poet, whose fame, and the eponymous ‘Burns Night’ are celebrated world-wide. Authenticity of his works is complicated by the ‘industrial’ production of fakes by Alexander Smith in the 1890s, many of which were of good quality and capable of fooling experts. This study represents the first analysis of the inks and paper used in Burns poetry, in a minimally destructive manner that could find application in many areas. Applying direct infusion mass spectrometry to a panel of selected authenticated Burns and Smith manuscripts, we have produced a Support Vector Machine classifier that distinguishes Burns from Smith with a 0.77 AUC. Using contemporary recipes for inks, we were also able to match features of each to the inks used to produce some of Burns’ original manuscripts. We anticipate the method and classifier having broad application in authentication of manuscripts, and our analysis of contemporary inks to provide insights into the production of written works of art.
FerA is a Membrane-Associating Four-Helix Bundle Domain in the Ferlin Family of Membrane-Fusion Proteins
Authors: Harsini Faraz M. , Chebrolu Sukanya , Fuson Kerry L. , White Mark A. , Rice Anne M. , Sutton R. Bryan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFerlin proteins participate in such diverse biological events as vesicle fusion in C. elegans, fusion of myoblast membranes to form myotubes, Ca2+-sensing during exocytosis in the hair cells of the inner ear, and Ca2+-dependent membrane repair in skeletal muscle cells. Ferlins are Ca2+-dependent, phospholipid-binding, multi-C2 domain-containing proteins with a single transmembrane helix that spans a vesicle membrane. The overall domain composition of the ferlins resembles the proteins involved in exocytosis; therefore, it is thought that they participate in membrane fusion at some level. But if ferlins do fuse membranes, then they are distinct from other known fusion proteins. Here we show that the central FerA domain from dysferlin, myoferlin, and otoferlin is a novel four-helix bundle fold with its own Ca2+-dependent phospholipid-binding activity. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), spectroscopic, and thermodynamic analysis of the dysferlin, myoferlin, and otoferlin FerA domains, in addition to clinically-defined dysferlin FerA mutations, suggests that the FerA domain interacts with the membrane and that this interaction is enhanced by the presence of Ca2+.
Inter-individual differences in contamination profiles as tracer of social group association in stranded sperm whales
Authors: Schnitzler Joseph G. , Pinzone Marianna , Autenrieth Marijke , van Neer Abbo , IJsseldijk Lonneke L. , Barber Jonathan L. , Deaville Rob , Jepson Paul , Brownlow Andrew , Schaffeld Tobias , Thomé Jean-Pierre , Tiedemann Ralph , Das Krishna , Siebert Ursula 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEcological and physiological factors lead to different contamination patterns in individual marine mammals. The objective of the present study was to assess whether variations in contamination profiles are indicative of social structures of young male sperm whales as they might reflect a variation in feeding preferences and/or in utilized feeding grounds. We used a total of 61 variables associated with organic compounds and trace element concentrations measured in muscle, liver, kidney and blubber gained from 24 sperm whales that stranded in the North Sea in January and February 2016. Combining contaminant and genetic data, there is evidence for at least two cohorts with different origin among these stranded sperm whales; one from the Canary Island region and one from the northern part of the Atlantic. While genetic data unravel relatedness and kinship, contamination data integrate over areas, where animals occured during their lifetime. Especially in long-lived animals with a large migratory potential, as sperm whales, contamination data may carry highly relevant information about aggregation through time and space.
Representation of Multidecadal Sahel Rainfall Variability in 20th Century Reanalyses
Authors: Berntell Ellen , Zhang Qiong , Chafik Léon , Körnich Heiner 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSummer rainfall in the Sahel region has exhibited strong multidecadal variability during the 20th century causing dramatic human and socio-economic impacts. Studies have suggested that the variability is linked to the Atlantic multidecadal variability; a spatially persistent pattern of warm/cold sea surface temperatures in the North Atlantic. In the last few years, several promising century-long reanalysis datasets have been made available, opening up for further studies into the dynamics inducing the observed low-frequency rainfall variability in Sahel. We find that although three of the 20th century ECMWF reanalyses show clear multidecadal rainfall variability with extended wet and dry periods, the timing of the multidecadal variability in two of these reanalyses is found to exhibit almost anti-phase features for a large part of the 20th century when compared to observations. The best representation of the multidecadal rainfall variability is found in the ECMWF reanalysis that, unlike the other reanalyses (including NOAA’s 20th century), do not assimilate any observations and may well be a critical reason for this mismatch, as discussed herein. This reanalysis, namely ERA-20CM, is thus recommended for future studies on the dynamics driving the multidecadal rainfall variability in Sahel and its linkages to the low-frequency North Atlantic oceanic temperatures.
Stable symmetry-protected 3D embedded solitons in Bose–Einstein condensates
Authors: Delgado V. , Muñoz Mateo A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEmbedded solitons are rare self-localized nonlinear structures that, counterintuitively, survive inside a continuous background of resonant states. While this topic has been widely studied in nonlinear optics, it has received almost no attention in the field of Bose–Einstein condensation. In this work, we consider experimentally realizable Bose–Einstein condensates loaded in one-dimensional optical lattices and demonstrate that they support continuous families of stable three-dimensional (3D) embedded solitons. These solitons can exist inside the resonant continuous Bloch bands because they are protected by symmetry. The analysis of the Bogoliubov excitation spectrum as well as the long-term evolution after random perturbations proves the robustness of these nonlinear structures against any weak perturbation. This may open up a way for the experimental realization of stable 3D matter-wave embedded solitons as well as for monitoring the gap-soliton to embedded-soliton transition.
Preparation of Macrometallocycle and Selective Sensor for Copper Ion
Authors: Liu Yingjie , Zhao Zhixiang , Liu Qingxiang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTwo bis-imidazolium salts 1,8-bis[2’-(N-R-imidazoliumyl)acetylamino]naphthalene chloride (L1H4·Cl2: R = Et; L2H4·Cl2: R = nBu), as well as their four NHC metal complexes [L1H2Ag]Cl (1), [L1Ni] (2), [L2Ni] (3) and [L1H2Hg(HgCl4)] (4) have been synthesized. In each of the cationic moieties of complexes 1 or 4, there is a groove-like 14-membered macrometallocycle, and each macrometallocycle is consisted of one biscarbene ligand L1H2and one metal ion (silver(I) ion for 1 and mercury(II) ion for 4). Three 6-membered cycles are contained in each molecule of complexes 2 or 3. Additionally, the selective recognition of macrometallocycle 1 for Cu2+was studied with the methods of fluorescence and ultraviolet spectroscopy,1H NMR titrations, MS and IR spectra. The experimental results display macrometallocycle 1 can discriminate Cu2+from other cations effectively.
Automated flow cytometric identification of disease-specific cells by the ECLIPSE algorithm
Authors: Folcarelli Rita , van Staveren Selma , Bouman Roel , Hilvering Bart , Tinnevelt Gerjen H. , Postma Geert , van den Brink Oscar F. , Buydens Lutgarde M. C. , Vrisekoop Nienke , Koenderman Leo , Jansen Jeroen J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMulticolor Flow Cytometry (MFC)-based gating allows the selection of cellular (pheno)types based on their unique marker expression. Current manual gating practice is highly subjective and may remove relevant information to preclude discovery of cell populations with specific co-expression of multiple markers. Only multivariate approaches can extract such aspects of cell variability from multi-dimensional MFC data. We describe the novel method ECLIPSE (Elimination of Cells Lying in Patterns Similar to Endogeneity) to identify and characterize aberrant cells present in individuals out of homeostasis. ECLIPSE combines dimensionality reduction by Simultaneous Component Analysis with Kernel Density Estimates. A Difference between Densities (DbD) is used to eliminate cells in responder samples that overlap in marker expression with cells of controls. Thereby, subsequent data analyses focus on the immune response-specific cells, leading to more informative and focused models. To prove the power of ECLIPSE, we applied the method to study two distinct datasets: the in vivo neutrophil response induced by systemic endotoxin challenge and in studying the heterogeneous immune-response of asthmatics. ECLIPSE described the well-characterized common response in the LPS challenge insightfully, while identifying slight differences between responders. Also, ECLIPSE enabled characterization of the immune response associated to asthma, where the co-expressions between all markers were used to stratify patients according to disease-specific cell profiles.
Discrimination of histopathologic types of childhood peripheral neuroblastic tumors based on clinical and biological factors
Authors: Yang Shen , Cai Siyu , Ma Xiaoli , Zeng Qi , Qin Hong , Han Wei , Peng Xiaoxia , Wang Huanmin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to discriminate the children malignant peripheral neuroblastic tumors (PNTs) from those with benign histotype ganglioneuroma (GN) based on clinical and biological characteristics in all PNTs. Four hundred and seventy-six patients were included in this study, containing 345 patients for model development and 131 patients for external validation. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to select potentially useful characteristics for discrimination of histopathology. External validation was performed for model evaluation. Compared with the main characteristics of GN (85/345, 24.6%), those of malignant PNTs (260/345, 75.4%) showed significant differences. Multivariate analysis was performed to further find the characteristics linked to histopathology. The results indicated that for the patients younger than 49 months, the primary site of adrenal and thoracic, the level of serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) > 33 ng/mL, and tumor encasing blood vessels were the extremely important discrimination factors of malignant PNTs. The area under the receiver-operating-characteristic of the discrimination model was 0.96. The accuracy rate, sensitivity and specificity were 93.4%, 96.3% and 83.8%, respectively. Meanwhile, the accuracy rate of the external validation from the 131 patients was 97.0%. Overall, histopathologic type of childhood malignant PNTs can be discriminated based on age, primary site, NSE level and the relationship between primary tumor and blood vessels.
A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial to Explore Cognitive and Emotional Effects of Probiotics in Fibromyalgia
Authors: Roman Pablo , Estévez Angeles F. , Miras Alonso , Sánchez-Labraca Nuria , Cañadas Fernando , Vivas Ana B. , Cardona Diana 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIt has recently been found that microbes in the gut may regulate brain processes through the gut microbiota–brain axis, which modulates affection, motivation and higher cognitive functions. According to this finding, the use of probiotics may be a potential treatment to improve physical, psychological and cognitive status in clinical populations with altered microbiota balance such as those with fibromyalgia (FMS). Thus, the aim of the present pilot study with a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised design was to test whether a multispecies probiotic may improve cognition, emotional symptoms and functional state in a sample of patients diagnosed with FMS. Pain, impact of FMS, quality of life, anxiety and depressive symptoms were measured during the pre- and post-intervention phases; participants also completed two computerised cognitive tasks to assess impulsive choice and decision-making. Finally, urinary cortisol concentration was determined. To our knowledge, this is the first study that explore the effect of a multispecies probiotic in FMS patients. Our results indicated that probiotics improved impulsivity and decision-making in these patients. However, more research is needed to further explore the potential effects of probiotics on other cognitive functions affected in FMS as well as in other clinical populations.
Core–shell‐type polymer–lipid nanoparticles for the transdermal delivery of daidzein
Authors: Wusiman Zaitongguli , Sun Liang , Zuo Tiantian , Yin Yunzhi , Yang Xiaoming , Shen Qi 
Published: July 2018

Daidzein (DZ) is an ideal Chinese herb for treating cardiocerebrovascular disease. Despite its poor water solubility and limited application, DZ was successfully loaded, along with penetration enhancer azone, onto core–shell‐type polymer–lipid nanoparticles through a two‐step preparation method. The mean particle diameter, encapsulation efficiency, and drug‐loading rate of DZ–polymer‐azone–lipid nanoparticles (D‐P‐Azone‐LNs) were 77.59 ± 2.26 nm, 79.91% ± 1.46%, and 1.50% ± 0.02%, respectively. In skin penetration experiment, the cumulative amount of DZ from D‐P‐Azone‐LN reached 14.91 μg·cm−2 at 72 h. This amount was 1.44 and 6.01 times higher than those of DZ–polymer–lipid nanoparticles (D‐P‐LNs) and DZ solution, respectively. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to conduct a qualitative analysis. In vivo study, D‐P‐Azone‐LN achieved better skin retention than those of D‐P‐LN and DZ. Furthermore, no significant irritation was observed in the skin irritation experiment. These results suggested that the core–shell polymer–lipid nanoparticles, which combined the properties of polymer and lipid nanoparticles, can offer a useful formulation for enhancing the skin permeation of drug for transdermal delivery.
Densities, infrared band strengths, and optical constants of solid methanol
Authors: Luna Ramón , Molpeceres Germán , Ortigoso Juan , Satorre Miguel Angel , Domingo Manuel , Maté Belén 
Published: July 2018

Contact. The increasing capabilities of space missions like the James Webb Space Telescope or ground-based observatories like the European Extremely Large Telescope demand high quality laboratory data of species in astrophysical conditions for the interpretation of their findings.
Aims. We provide new physical and spectroscopic data of solid methanol that will help to identify this species in astronomical environments.
Methods. Ices were grown by vapour deposition in high vacuum chambers. Densities were measured via a cryogenic quartz crystal microbalance and laser interferometry. Absorbance infrared spectra of methanol ices of different thickness were recorded to obtain optical constants using an iterative minimization procedure. Infrared band strengths were determined from infrared spectra and ice densities.
Results. Solid methanol densities measured at eight temperatures vary between 0.64 g cm−3 at 20 K and 0.84 g cm−3 at 130 K. The visible refractive index at 633 nm grows from 1.26 to 1.35 in that temperature range. New infrared optical constants and band strengths are given from 650 to 5000 cm−1 (15.4–2.0 μm) at the same eight temperatures. The study was made on ices directly grown at the indicated temperatures, and amorphous and crystalline phases have been recognized. Our optical constants differ from those previously reported in the literature for an ice grown at 10 K and subsequently warmed. The disagreement is due to different ice morphologies. The new infrared band strengths agree with previous literature data when the correct densities are considered.
Gap difference in navigated TKA: a measure of the imbalanced flexion-extension gap
Authors: Chia Zi-Yang , Pang Hee-Nee , Tan Mann-Hong , Yeo Seng-Jin 
Published: July 2018

Introduction: The success of Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) hinges on balanced flexion-extension gaps. This paper aims to evaluate the correlation between imbalanced gaps and clinical outcomes, and hence help quantify the imbalanced gap in navigation-assisted total knee arthroplasty.Methods: We studied 195 knees with an average follow-up of two years. Flexion-extension gaps were obtained from computer calculation upon cementation of implants in both flexion (90°) and extension. The gap difference (GD) was defined as the measured difference between the gaps in flexion and extension.Results: At 2 years after surgery, the mean ROM in the balanced group, with GD less than or equal to 2 mm, was 115.1° ± 16.6° and the mean ROM in the imbalanced group was 116.7° ± 12.1°. This was not statistically significant withp-value 0.589. Balanced flexion-extension gaps also did not show significant difference in terms of mechanical alignment, with 0.29 ± 0.89 in the balanced group at 2 years, and 0.65 ± 1.51 in the imbalanced group withp-value 0.123. Balanced gaps however, were associated with improved outcomes in terms of physical functioning, bodily pain, social functioning, Oxford and Knee scores at 6 months and improved social functioning scores at 2 years.Conclusions: Computer navigation is a useful tool for assessing the gap balance in TKA. Balanced flexion-extension gaps, with gap differences of less than or equal to 2 mm, is associated with improved clinical outcomes at 6 months.
Messung der muskulären Beanspruchung mithilfe der Oberflächen-Elektromyographie bei verschiedenen PC Eingabegeräten – Vorstellung des Studiendesigns der Pilotstudie
Authors: Nisser Maria , Derlien Steffen , Smolenski Ulrich , Best Norman 
Published: July 2018

Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung Trotz ergonomischer Arbeitsmittel sind berufsbedingte muskuloskeletale Erkrankungen die häufigste Ursache für Arbeitsunfähigkeit. Anhand des Oberflächen-EMGs kann muskuläre Beanspruchung über Amplitudenwerte ermittelt werden. Um einen Teil der Arbeitsausfälle zu verhindern, stellt sich die Frage, ob sich die muskuläre Beanspruchung bei der Nutzung verschiedener PC-Eingabegeräte voneinander unterscheidet?
Material und Methodik Es werden unterschiedliche PC-Eingabegeräte getestet, mit denen Probanden verschiedene Textverarbeitungsaufgaben ausführen müssen. Die Amplitude des OEMGs wird am M. extensor digitorum und am M. trapezius descendens gemessen. Zudem werden die Winkelgrade des Handgelenks von Supination und Extension über einen Goniometer erfasst.
Zielstellung Es soll überprüft werden, ob ergonomische PC-Mäuse gegenüber gewöhnlichen PC Eingabegeräten geringere muskuläre Beanspruchung verursachen. Zudem soll durch den Einbezug der Sitzhaltung sowie der Handgelenksposition eine Einteilung der Arbeitsbeanspruchung vorgenommen werden.
Nichtanlage unterer Prämolaren: Lückenschluss von distal mit konventioneller Klasse II Mechanik – Zwei Fallberichte
Authors: Schepp Niko 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungZwei Fallberichte beschreiben den asymmetrischen Lückenschluss durch Mesialisation der unteren Prämolaren mit konventioneller Klasse-II-Mechanik bei Patienten mit Nichtanlagen der zweiten unteren Prämolaren. Die Fälle zeigen, dass gute Patientenmitarbeit aufwändige Behandlungstechniken ersetzen kann.
Piezocisionen mit simultanen Augmentationen zur Unterstützung der Engstandauflösung in der Unterkieferfront – Fallbericht
Authors: Harrer-Bantleon Elisabeth , Jakse Norbert , Bantleon Hans-Peter 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungAnhand von 2 Patientenfällen wird die erfolgreiche chirurgische Unterstützung der kieferorthopädischen Engstandauflösung mittels Piezocisionen und simultaner Augmentationen demonstriert. Dabei sollen die interradikulären Osteotomien die Engstandauflösung erleichtern bzw. beschleunigen und die Augmentationen das Risiko von Rezessionen reduzieren. Trotz einer Ausgangssituation mit sehr schmalem Alveolarfortsatz und ausgeprägter kieferorthopädischer Protrusionsbewegung konnte in beiden Fällen nach Abschluss der Behandlung sowohl klinisch als auch radiologisch im Bereich der Unterkieferfront eine stabile parodontale Situation ohne Zeichen für Rezessionsbildung festgestellt werden.
Selective application of fully covered biliary stents and narrow-diameter esophageal stents for proximal esophageal indications
Authors: Pang Maoyin , Bartel Michael , Clayton Donnesha , Brahmbhatt Bhaumik , Woodward Timothy 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Background Proximal esophageal stents are poorly tolerated and have a high risk of complications. We report our experience using fully covered, biliary, self-expandable metal stents (B-SEMS) and narrow-diameter, esophageal, self-expandable metal stents (NDE-SEMS) for this group of patients.
Methods 24 patients underwent placement of B-SEMS or NDE-SEMS for proximal esophageal lesions between 1 January 2011 and 31 July 2016. The outcomes included improvement of dysphagia, healing of fistulas, and adverse events.
Results 10 patients received B-SEMS and 14 had NDE-SEMS. Median follow-up time was 11.5 months (range 0.5 – 62 months). In both cohorts, stents were left in place for a mean of 6 weeks. The dysphagia score decreased in 7 (70 %) and 10 (71.4 %) patients, and fistulas resolved in 3/5 (60.0 %) and 5/8 (62.5 %) patients with B-SEMS and NDE-SEMS, respectively. Stent migration occurred in three patients (30.0 %) with B-SEMS and five patients (35.7 %) with NDE-SEMS.
Conclusions Both stents were well tolerated and resulted in overall improvement of dysphagia in 70.8 % of patients. B-SEMS appeared to be more favorable for cervical esophageal lesions with narrower diameters, while NDE-SEMS may be better for more distal lesions.