bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Use of Pistachio Pollen for the Production of Nanostructured Porous Nickel Oxide
Authors: Atalay F. E. , Yigit E. , Biber Z. S. , Kaya H. 
Published: November 2018

Natural biotemplates — such as bacteria, fungi and viruses — are used in nanostructured metal oxide production. The pollen can be found abundantly in nature, and their microcapsules can be easily isolated from the pollen by chemical treatments. To date, pollen microcapsules are mostly used as drug carriers and catalytic agent templates. In the present study, nanoporous-structured nickel oxide is produced using Pistachio pollen microcapsules. The raw pollen, chemically treated pollen and metal-coated pollen were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The natural Pistachio pollen which were procured from Gaziantep, Turkey, are spherical, with a diameter of approximately 23[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m. The maximum surface area obtained for nickel oxide-coated microcapsules is 228.82[Formula: see text]m2/g. This result shows that Pistachio pollen are an excellent candidate for the production of porous nanostructured materials for supercapacitor electrodes.
Elimination or neutralization of endogenous high-molecular-weight FGF2 mitigates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity
Authors: Koleini Navid , Santiago Jon-Jon , Nickel Barbara E. , Sequiera Glen Lester , Wang Jie , Fandrich Robert R. , Jassal Davinder S. , Dhingra Sanjiv , Kirshenbaum Lorrie A. , Cattini Peter A. , Kardami Elissavet 
Published: November 2018

Cardiac fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) exerts multiple paracrine activities related to cardiac response to injury. Endogenous FGF2 is composed of a mixture of 70% high- and 30% low-molecular-weight isoforms (Hi-FGF2 and Lo-FGF2, respectivley); although exogenously added Lo-FGF2 is cardioprotective, the roles of endogenous Hi-FGF2 or Lo-FGF2 have not been well defined. Therefore, we investigated the effect of elimination of Hi-FGF2 expression on susceptibility to acute cardiac damage in vivo caused by an injection of the genotoxic drug doxorubicin (Dox). Mice genetically depleted of endogenous Hi-FGF2 and expressing only Lo-FGF2 [FGF2(Lo) mice] were protected from the Dox-induced decline in ejection fraction displayed by their wild-type FGF2 [FGF2(WT)] mouse counterparts, regardless of sex, as assessed by echocardiography for up to 10 days post-Dox treatment. Because cardiac FGF2 is produced mainly by nonmyocytes, we next addressed potential contribution of fibroblast-produced FGF2 on myocyte vulnerability to Dox. In cocultures of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (r-cardiomyocytes) with mouse fibroblasts from FGF2(WT) or FGF2(Lo) mice, only the FGF2(Lo)-fibroblast cocultures protected r-cardiomyocytes from Dox-induced mitochondrial and cellular damage. When r-cardiomyocytes were cocultured with or exposed to conditioned medium from human fibroblasts, neutralizing antibodies for human Hi-FGF-2, but not total FGF2, mitigated Dox-induced injury of cardiomyocytes. We conclude that endogenous Hi-FGF2 reduces cardioprotection by endogenous Lo-FGF2. Antibody-based neutralization of endogenous Hi-FGF2 may offer a prophylactic treatment against agents causing acute cardiac damage. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Cardiomyocytes, in vivo and in vitro, were protected from the deleterious effects of the anticancer drug doxorubicin by the genetic elimination or antibody-based neutralization of endogenous paracrine high-molecular-weight fibroblast growth factor 2 isoforms. These findings have a translational potential for mitigating doxorubicin-induced cardiac damage in patients with cancer by an antibody-based treatment.
Effect of carbohydrate ingestion on central fatigue during prolonged running exercise in moderate hypoxia
Authors: Paris Hunter L. , Fulton Timothy J. , Chapman Robert F. , Fly Alyce D. , Koceja David M. , Mickleborough Timothy D. 
Published: November 2018

To determine whether acute exposure to moderate hypoxia alters central and peripheral fatigue and to test whether carbohydrate ingestion impacts fatigue characteristics, 12 trained runners completed three running trials lasting 1 h each at 65% of normoxic maximum oxygen uptake. The first trial was performed in normoxia [inspired O2 fraction ([Formula: see text]) = 0.21], and the last two trials were completed in hypoxia ([Formula: see text] = 0.15). Participants ingested a placebo drink in normoxia (NORM-PLA), a placebo drink in hypoxia (HYP-PLA), or a carbohydrate solution in hypoxia (HYP-CHO). HYP conditions were randomized. Peripheral [change in potentiated quadriceps twitch force (ΔQtw,pot)] and central [change in voluntary activation (ΔVA)] fatigue were assessed via preexercise-to-postexercise changes in magnetically evoked quadriceps twitch. In HYP, blood was drawn to determine the ratio of free-tryptophan (f-TRP) to branched-chain amino acids (BCAA). After exercise, peripheral fatigue was reduced to a similar degree in normoxia and hypoxia (ΔQtw,pot = −4.5 ± 1.3% and −4.0 ± 1.5% in NORM-PLA and HYP-PLA, respectively; P = 0.61). Central fatigue was present after normoxic and hypoxic exercise but to a greater degree in HYP-PLA compared with NORM-PLA (ΔVA: −4.7 ± 0.9% vs. −1.9 ± 0.7%; P < 0.01). Carbohydrate ingestion did not influence central fatigue (ΔVA in HYP-CHO: −5.7 ± 1.2%; P = 0.51 vs. HYP-PLA). After exercise, no differences were observed in the ratio of f-TRP to BCAA between HYP-PLA and HYP-CHO ( P = 0.67). Central fatigue increased during prolonged running exercise in moderate hypoxia although the ratio of f-TRP to BCAA remained unchanged. Ingesting carbohydrates while running in hypoxia did not influence fatigue development. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Hypoxic exposure influences the origin of exercise-induced fatigue and the rate of fatigue development depending on the severity of hypoxia. Our data suggest that moderate hypoxia increases central, but not peripheral, fatigue in trained runners exercising at 65% of normoxic maximum oxygen uptake. The increase in central fatigue was unaffected by carbohydrate intake and occurred although the ratio of free tryptophan to branched-chain amino acids remained unchanged.
miR-454-3p Is an Exosomal Biomarker and Functions as a Tumor Suppressor in Glioma
Authors: Shao Naiyuan , Xue Lian , Wang Rong , Luo Kaiming , Zhi Feng , Lan Qing 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Glioma is the most common type of primary malignant brain tumor in adults. Our previous work discovered that plasma miR-454-3p may have some advantages in glioma prognosis, but the clinical significance and the regulatory mechanism of miR-454-3p in glioma have not been systematically investigated, especially regarding the relationship between circulating and tissue miR-454-3p. The expression level of miR-454-3p in glioma serum and tissues was analyzed through quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Cell-Counting Kit 8 (CCK-8), wound healing, transwell invasion, apoptosis, and immunofluorescence assays were used to assess the role of miR-454-3p in glioma cancer cells. ATG12 was selected as the target gene of miR-454-3p by bioinformatic analysis. The relationship between ATG12 and miR-454-3p was further validated by luciferase reporter assays and Western blot analysis. miR-454-3p was significantly downregulated in tumor tissues, while it was remarkably upregulated in exosomes from the same patients with glioma. The area under curve (AUC) of exosomal miR-454-3p for glioma diagnosis was 0.8663. The exosomal miR-454-3p was prominently lower in the postoperative serums than that in the preoperative serums. High miR-454-3p expression in exosomes or low miR-454-3p expression in tissue was associated with poor prognosis. Restored expression of miR-454-3p suppressed cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and autophagy in glioma. ATG12 was validated as a direct target of miR-454-3p. The overexpression of ATG12 could partially reverse the effects induced by miR-454-3p suppression. Our data indicate that miR-454-3p may serve as an exosomal biomarker and may be developed into a novel treatment for glioma.
APOMAB Antibody–Drug Conjugates Targeting Dead Tumor Cells are Effective In Vivo
Authors: Staudacher Alexander H. , Li Yanrui , Liapis Vasilios , Hou Jeff Jia Cheng , Chin David , Dolezal Olan , Adams Timothy E. , van Berkel Patrick H. , Brown Michael P. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Antibody–drug conjugates (ADC) have revolutionized the field of cancer therapy. ADCs combine the high specificity of tumor-targeting monoclonal antibodies with potent cytotoxic drugs, which cannot be used alone because of their high toxicity. Till date, all ADCs have either targeted cell membrane proteins on tumors or the tumor vasculature and microenvironment. Here, we investigate ADCs of APOMAB (DAB4, or its chimeric derivative, chDAB4), which is a mAb targeting the La/SSB protein, which is only accessible for binding in dying or dead cancer cells. We show that DAB4-labeled dead cells are phagocytosed by macrophages, and that the apoptotic/necrotic areas within lung tumor xenografts are bound by DAB4 and are infiltrated with macrophages. We show that only DAB4–ADCs with a cleavable linker and diffusible drug are effective in two lung cancer models, particularly when given after chemotherapy. These results are consistent with other recent studies showing that direct internalization of ADCs by target cells is not essential for ADC activity because the linker can be cleaved extracellularly or through other mechanisms. Rather than targeting a tumor cell type specific antigen, DAB4–ADCs have the advantage of targeting a common trait in most solid tumors: an excess of post-apoptotic, necrotic cells either adjacent to hypoxic tumor regions or distributed more generally after cytotoxic therapy. Consequently, any antitumor effects are solely the result of bystander killing, either through internalization of the dead, ADC-bound tumor cells by macrophages, or extracellular cleavage of the ADC in the tumor microenvironment.
Análise de correspondências de litogeoquímica de vulcanismos cenozoicos na porção setentrional da Província Borborema, Brasil
Authors: Werneck Luiza Silva , Magini Christiano , Salgueiro Ana Rita Gonçalves Neves Lopes 
Published: November 2018

A correlação litogeoquímica entre amostras é geralmente realizada por meio de gráficos predefinidos na literatura ou de análises bivariadas entre cada um dos elementos analisados. Aplicar uma análise multivariada nos dados geoquímicos de um conjunto de amostras, que são multivariadas por natureza, permite tratar esses dados em um espaço dimensional reduzido, compreendendo assim os processos de comportamento dos indivíduos. A análise fatorial das correspondências (AFC) propicia ainda comparar indivíduos (linhas) e variáveis (colunas) quantitativas ou qualitativas de um conjunto de dados no mesmo espaço e de forma simétrica. Neste trabalho, a AFC de um conjunto de análises geoquímicas de amostras de rochas vulcânicas de idades cenozoicas da porção setentrional da Província Borborema relacionou a nova ocorrência vulcânica da cidade de Fortaleza ao vulcanismo alcalino de Fernando de Noronha (FN), distinguindo-os do vulcanismo Macau principalmente devido ao empobrecimento relativo em elementos terras raras (ETR). O método permitiu também distinguir similaridades geoquímicas entre Fortaleza e FN, tais como valores maiores de Na2O, K2O, Al2O3, TiO2, P2O5 e CaO2 e menores de SiO2 e MgO relativamente às rochas do vulcanismo Macau. Os elementos traço Rb, Nb, Th e Ga se correlacionam e aumentam ou diminuem juntos para cada um dos vulcanismos, enquanto Sr e Ba comportam-se inversamente ao conjunto Cr e Ni.
Heterogeneity of Scaling of the Observed Global Temperature Data
Authors: Blesić Suzana , Zanchettin Davide , Rubino Angelo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe investigated the scaling properties of two datasets of the observed near-surface global temperature data anomalies: the Met Office and the University of East Anglia Climatic Research Unit HadCRUT4 dataset and the NASA GISS Land–Ocean Temperature Index (LOTI) dataset. We used detrended fluctuation analysis of second-order (DFA2) and wavelet-based spectral (WTS) analysis to investigate and quantify the global pattern of scaling in two datasets and to better understand cyclic behavior as a possible underlying cause of the observed forms of scaling. We found that, excluding polar and parts of subpolar regions because of their substantial data inhomogeneity, the global temperature pattern is long-range autocorrelated. Our results show a remarkable heterogeneity in the long-range dynamics of the global temperature anomalies in both datasets. This finding is in agreement with previous studies. We additionally studied the DFA2 and the WTS behavior of the local station temperature anomalies and satellite-based temperature estimates and found that the observed diversity of global scaling can be attributed both to the intrinsic variability of data and to the methodology-induced variations that arise from deriving the global temperature gridded data from the original local sources. Finally, we found differences in global temperature scaling patterns of the two datasets and showed instances where spurious scaling is introduced in the global datasets through a spatial infilling procedure or the optimization of integrated satellite records.
Effects of Parameterized Boundary Layer Structure on Hurricane Rapid Intensification in Shear
Authors: Zhang Jun A. , Rogers Robert F. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This study investigates the role of the parameterized boundary layer structure in hurricane intensity change using two retrospective HWRF forecasts of Hurricane Earl (2010) in which the vertical eddy diffusivity Km was modified during physics upgrades. Earl undergoes rapid intensification (RI) in the low-Km forecast as observed in nature, while it weakens briefly before resuming a slow intensification at the RI onset in the high-Km forecast. Angular momentum budget analysis suggests that Km modulates the convergence of angular momentum in the boundary layer, which is a key component of the hurricane spinup dynamics. Reducing Km in the boundary layer causes enhancement of both the inflow and convergence, which in turn leads to stronger and more symmetric deep convection in the low-Km forecast than in the high-Km forecast. The deeper and stronger hurricane vortex with lower static stability in the low-Km forecast is more resilient to shear than that in the high-Km forecast. With a smaller vortex tilt in the low-Km forecast, downdrafts associated with the vortex tilt are reduced, bringing less low-entropy air from the midlevels to the boundary layer, resulting in a less stable boundary layer. Future physics upgrades in operational hurricane models should consider this chain of multiscale interactions to assess their impact on model RI forecasts.
Five-year follow-up of a cluster-randomized controlled trial of a client-centred activities of daily living intervention for people with stroke
Authors: Hedman Annicka , Eriksson Gunilla , von Koch Lena , Guidetti Susanne 
Published: November 2018

Objective: To compare five-year outcomes and changes over time of a client-centred activities of daily living (ADL) intervention versus usual ADL interventions for people with stroke and their significant others. Design: Five-year follow-up of a cluster-randomized controlled trial where a client-centred ADL intervention ( n = 129) or usual ADL interventions ( n = 151) were delivered to people with stroke. Setting: Multicentre study including 16 inpatient or home-based rehabilitation units. Participants: People with stroke and significant others. Intervention: The client-centred ADL intervention aimed at enabling agency in daily activities and participation in everyday life and at reducing caregiver burden. Main measures: For people with stroke, perceived participation (Stroke Impact Scale), independence in ADL, life satisfaction, and use of formal/informal care were measured. For significant others, caregiver burden, life satisfaction, and mood (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) were assessed. Results: Five years post-intervention, data were collected from 145 people with stroke (intervention group: n = 71/control group: n = 74) and 75 significant others (intervention group: n = 36/control group: n = 39). For those with stroke, the Participation domain of the Stroke Impact Scale showed no group differences at year five (68.9 vs 75.4, P = 0.062) or in changes over time. At year five, the control group had better outcomes regarding Other help/supervision. Significant others in the control group were more likely to show signs of depression at year five (odds ratio = 22.3; P < 0.001). Conclusion: The client-centred ADL intervention appears to render similar long-term effects as usual ADL interventions for people with stroke, but for significant others signs of depression might be reduced.
Moral distress in paediatric oncology: Contributing factors and group differences
Authors: Pergert Pernilla , Bartholdson Cecilia , Blomgren Klas , af Sandeberg Margareta 
Published: November 2018

Background: Providing oncological care to children is demanding and ethical issues concerning what is best for the child can contribute to moral distress. Objectives: To explore healthcare professionals’ experiences of situations that generate moral distress in Swedish paediatric oncology. Research design: In this national study, data collection was conducted using the Swedish Moral Distress Scale-Revised. The data analysis included descriptive statistics and non-parametric analysis of differences between groups. Participants and research context: Healthcare professionals at all paediatric oncology centres in Sweden were invited to participate. A total of 278 healthcare professionals participated. The response rate was 89%. Ethical considerations: In its advisory statement, the Regional Ethical Review Board decided that the study was of such a nature that the legislation concerning ethical reviews was not applicable. All participants received written information about the aim of the study and confidentiality. Participants demonstrated their consent by returning the survey. Findings: The two situations with the highest moral distress scores concerned lack of competence and continuity of personnel. All professional groups reported high levels of disturbance. Nurses rated significantly higher frequencies and higher total Moral Distress Scale scores compared to medical doctors and nursing assistants. Discussion: Lack of competence and continuity, as the two most morally distressing situations, confirms the findings of studies from other countries, where inadequate staffing was reported as being among the top five morally distressing situations. The levels of total Moral Distress Scale scores were more similar to those reported in intensive care units than in other paediatric care settings. Conclusion: The two most morally distressing situations, lack of competence and continuity, are both organisational in nature. Thus, clinical ethics support services need to be combined with organisational improvements in order to reduce moral distress, thereby maintaining job satisfaction, preventing a high turnover of staff and ensuring the quality of care.
Emergence of Mobile Financial Services in Ghana: Concerns for Use among Informal Sector Women Entrepreneurs
Authors: Dziwornu Raymond K. , Anagba Kingsley K. , Aniapam Ampem D. 
Published: November 2018

Mobile financial services (MFS) have emerged in recent years as an indispensable tool to promote financial inclusion in emerging economies like Ghana. This article investigated the factors affecting MFS use among 300 women entrepreneurs in the informal sector in Ghana, using multinomial logit model. Knowledge of MFS, trust of services provided, nearness to agents and privacy of information are more likely to drive MFS use. In addition to embarking on aggressive radio and television advertisement, service operators should deploy more agents and invest in reliable infrastructure to build users’ trust to increase MFS use. JEL Classification: D12, G20
The need for outcome studies in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Dormandy John 
Published: November 2018

Outcome studies use primary end points such as overall mortality or major morbidity to demonstrate that treatments deliver meaningful clinical benefits. Historically it was thought that most of the cardiovascular morbidity due to diabetes was related to microvascular disease, providing a marker for macrovascular disease. In diabetes an outcome study would measure all-cause death, cardiac death and cardiovascular morbidity (end points related to macrovascular disease), whereas conventional trials in diabetes have used surrogate end points, such as blood pressure, microvascular disease (retinopathy, nephropathy) or glycaemic control, which may not predict clinical benefits in the prevention of macrovascular end points. Although outcome trials are increasingly required by regulatory or funding agencies, few have been performed in diabetes; most data have come from trials with surrogate end points or subgroup analyses of cardiovascular outcome trials. Methodological constraints, particularly the large patient populations and long follow-up required, partly explain the lack of outcome studies in diabetes. The PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macroVascular Events (PROactive) is a macrovascular outcome study in patients with type 2 diabetes. It will involve approximately 4,000 patients who will receive pioglitazone or placebo in addition to their existing therapy. Principal end points will be all-cause mortality and severe disability due to macrovascular complications. PROactive should provide important data on the impact of therapy on the incidence of cardiovascular complications in type 2 diabetes.
Current strategies in the management of high cholesterol
Authors: Rees Alan 
Published: November 2018

Randomised controlled trials uniformly show that lowering low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol results in a predictable and consistent reduction in coronary heart disease (CHD) events. The Heart Protection Study showed that the relative risk reduction in major vascular events was consistent irrespective of the LDL level at baseline. There appears to be no lower threshold level. Trials show that the greater the reduction in LDL, the greater the CHD risk reduction observed. The management of dyslipidaemia is likely to follow the example of hypertension, such that the effective regulation of the lipid profile will be achieved by combination drug therapy.
Ezetimibe — future development
Authors: Allen Chris 
Published: November 2018

The ENHANCE study will assess the effect of ezetimibe plus simvastatin in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia. Carotid artery intima-media thickness will be measured, which is able to predict a progression to cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events. The SEAS study will evaluate whether treatment with ezetimibe and simvastatin, compared with placebo, will reduce the risk of major cardiovascular events in patients with aortic stenosis. The SHARP study will measure major vascular events in patients with chronic kidney disease or who are receiving dialysis. Ezetimibe and simvastatin treatment will be compared with placebo.