bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The costs of consumption smoothing: less schooling and less nutrition
Authors: De Magalhães Leandro , Koh Dongya , Santaeulàlia-Llopis Räul 
Published: August 2019

AbstractUsing novel microdata, we explore lifecycle consumption in Sub-Saharan Africa. We find that households' ability to smooth consumption over the lifecycle is large, particularly, in rural areas. Consumption in old age is sustained by shifting to self-farmed staple food, as opposed to traditional savings mechanisms or food gifts. This smoothing strategy indicates two important costs. The first cost is a loss of human capital as children seem to be diverted away from school and into producing self-farmed food. Second, a diet largely concentrated in staple food (e.g., maize in Malawi) in old age results in a loss of nutritional quality for households headed by the elderly.
Reduction of cicatricial stenosis after canalplasty for auditory exostoses
Authors: Rojas X M , Bailón M M , González C F 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundCanalplasty for auditory exostoses is reserved for symptomatic patients. This study reviewed the outcomes of our technique regarding cicatricial stenosis.MethodA chart review was conducted on patients undergoing canalplasty for auditory exostoses between 2002 and 2017. The surgical technique is described.ResultsThe study comprised 43 adults (50 operated ears). Exostoses were bilateral in 40 cases (94 per cent) and occlusive in 33 (66 per cent). After drilling, the external auditory meatus was covered with a graft in 34 cases (68 per cent) and a silicone sheet was used in 32 (64 per cent). Cicatricial stenosis appeared in eight cases (16 per cent). Skin grafts were not used in six of these eight cases (p &lt; 0.04), and silicone sheets were used only in one of these eight (p &lt; 0.01).ConclusionCanalplasty is challenging because of its potential complications. Our data showed that the use of skin grafts and silicone sheets to cover the bared external auditory meatus was associated with a lower rate of cicatricial stenosis.
Elective neck dissection for the node-negative neck during salvage laryngectomy: an analysis of survival outcomes and complication rates
Authors: Gouzos M , Dale O , Sethi N , Foreman A , Krishnan S , Hodge JC 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of neck dissection on survival and complication rates in patients with no clinical or radiological evidence of cervical nodal disease (N0) undergoing salvage laryngectomy.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx following primary radiotherapy that required salvage laryngectomy. Disease-free and overall survival rates were compared over three years using Kaplan–Meier analysis. Pharyngocutaneous fistula rate, hospitalisation length and the requirement for further surgical intervention were also compared across cohorts.ResultsTwenty-three cases met the inclusion criteria (17 neck dissections, 6 undissected). No significant differences in survival outcomes were identified. One patient who underwent neck dissection for advanced, recurrent transglottic squamous cell carcinoma showed evidence of occult lymph node metastases. Fistula rates did not differ significantly between dissected and non-dissected groups; however, two patients required surgical repair of post-operative pharyngocutaneous fistula following neck dissection.ConclusionIn this study, elective neck dissection did not appear to alter survival outcomes or complication rates during salvage laryngectomy. Given the small but significant risk of occult neck metastases, its true value remains unclear.
Coblation tonsillectomy versus cold steel dissection tonsillectomy: a morphological study
Authors: Lieberg N , Aunapuu M , Arend A 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the extent of tissue damage produced by conventional cold steel and coblation tonsillectomy.MethodsTwenty patients underwent conventional and 18 underwent coblation tonsillectomy. The removed tonsils were histopathologically evaluated.ResultsAnalgesic use was lower in the coblation group during the early post-operative period. Histological investigation of tonsils removed by the conventional method showed intensive haemorrhage and hyperaemia in the tonsillar capsules, which was not seen in the coblation group. Furthermore, in the coblation group, there was less mast cell degranulation (p= 0.0081) and a smaller amount of skeletal muscle tissue (p= 0.0043) in the tonsillar capsules, indicating less tissue damage.ConclusionCompared to the cold steel technique, coblation tonsillectomy is superior in terms of less early post-operative pain and less damage to surrounding tissues. Significantly lower mast cell degranulation in coblation tonsillectomy may contribute to the reduction of post-operative pain.
Can computed tomodensitometry predict ventricular pseudoaneurysm occurrence after heart valve endocarditis?
Authors: Fouilloux Virginie , Aldebert Philippe , Gorincour Guillaume 
Published: August 2019

AbstractVentricular pseudoaneurysm is a rare but well-known complication after valvular endocarditis. The lesion was localised exactly where pre-operative CT scan showed lack of enhancement in the postero-lateral wall of the left ventricle. This case demonstrates how much attention must be paid to myocardial CT images and emphazises the need of close follow-up in patients with infective endocartitis.
Assessing perceptions of climate risk and adaptation among small farmers in Oregon's Willamette Valley
Authors: Roesch-McNally Gabrielle , Garrett Amy , Fery Melissa 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFarmers, particularly small farmers, are on the frontlines of climate change. In Oregon's Southern Willamette Valley, a needs assessment was conducted of small farmers in 2017, where questions related to climate change risks, attitudes toward adaptation and climate beliefs were assessed. Out of all the respondents (n = 123), the majority (70%) believe that climate change is occurring, and is caused mostly by human activities. The majority (58%) also strongly agree with the statement that they will have to change practices to cope with increasing climate variability in order to ensure the long-term success of their operation. Another 52% of these respondents indicated that they have already taken action to respond to climate change on their farms. However, only 32% of respondents agreed with the statement that they have the knowledge and skills to deal with weather-related threats to their operation. While this work is preliminary and not comprehensive, our findings suggest that these small farmers are concerned about climate change, readily accept the science as compared to other farmer groups in the USA, and are looking for additional tools and resource to increase their confidence in responding to the challenges they will face as a consequence of climate change.
The counter-majoritarian difficulty in a neoliberal world: Socio-economic rights and deference in post-2008 austerity cases
Authors: RAGNARSSON KÁRI HÓLMAR 
Published: August 2019

Abstract:In the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis courts and rights took a backseat to demands of markets and international financial institutions for austerity. Deference and judicial restraint were prevalent in austerity litigation across various European jurisdictions. This article argues that the traditional view of deference to political branches on socio-economic rights should be revised in our political-economic context. Drawing on the work of German sociologist Wolfgang Streeck on representation failures of democratic institutions in our neoliberal era, the article argues that law’s abnegation in this sphere has the effect of securing and legitimising neoliberal hegemony and serves the interests of owners of financial capital. Deference in order to avoid judicial overreach does not entail deference to democracy as legislatures have come to view financial markets as their constituency alongside the general citizenry. As public finances have become marketised, deference to legislatures amounts to deference to markets. Judicial minimalism creates not more democracy but a specific set of winners and losers. In light of severe representation failures where legislatures become tools of market justice we might, subject to various caveats, view a more active judicial role as democracy-enhancing and as a potential counterweight in favour of social justice.
Perceived Overprotection and Its Association With Quality of Life in	Dementia
Authors: Niemann-Mirmehdi Mechthild , Häusler Andreas , Gellert Paul , Nordheim Johanna 
Published: August 2019

Abstract. To date, few studies have focused on perceived overprotection from the perspective of people with dementia (PwD). In the present examination, the association of perceived overprotection in PwD is examined as an autonomy-restricting factor and thus negative for their mental well-being. Cross-sectional data from the prospective DYADEM study of 82 patient/partner dyads (mean age = 74.26) were used to investigate the association between overprotection, perceived stress, depression, and quality of life (QoL). The analyses show that an overprotective contact style with PwD has a significant positive association with stress and depression, and has a negative association with QoL. The results emphasize the importance of avoiding an overprotective care style and supporting patient autonomy.
Responses of the Northern Bering Sea and Southeastern Bering Sea Pelagic Ecosystems Following Record‐Breaking Low Winter Sea Ice
Authors: Duffy‐Anderson Janet T. , Stabeno Phyllis , Andrews Alexander G. , Cieciel Kristin , Deary Alison , Farley Edward , Fugate Corey , Harpold Colleen , Heintz Ronald , Kimmel David , Kuletz Kathy , Lamb Jesse , Paquin Melanie , Porter Steven , Rogers Lauren , Spear Adam , Yasumiishi Ellen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBering Sea sea ice during winter 2017–2018 was the lowest ever recorded. Ecosystem effects of low ice have been observed in the southeastern Bering Sea, but never in the northern Bering Sea. Observations in both systems included weakened water column stratification, delayed spring bloom, and low abundances of large crustacean zooplankton. Summer Cold Pool presence was extremely limited. Young walleye pollock production and condition were similar to prior warm years, though catches of other pelagic forage fishes were low. Summer seabird die‐offs were observed in the northern Bering Sea, and to lesser extent in the southeastern Bering Sea, and reproductive success was poor at monitored colonies. Selected bottom‐up responses to lack of sea ice in the north were similar to those in the south, potentially providing environmental indicators to project ecosystem effects in a lesser studied system. Results offer a potential glimpse of the broader Bering Sea pelagic ecosystem under future low‐ice projections.
Modeled and Observed Volcanic Aerosol Control on Stratospheric NOy and Cly
Authors: Zambri Brian , Solomon Susan , Kinnison Douglas E. , Mills Michael J. , Schmidt Anja , Neely Ryan R. , Bourassa Adam E. , Degenstein Douglas A. , Roth Chris Z. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDecreases in stratospheric NOx associated with enhanced aerosol have been observed after large volcanic eruptions, for example, after the eruption of Mount Pinatubo in 1991. While the 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption was the last large explosive eruption, recent studies have shed light on the impacts of moderate‐sized eruptions since the year 2000 on the global stratospheric aerosol budget. We use an ensemble of simulations from a coupled climate‐chemistry model to quantify and analyze changes in NO and NO2 (NOx), N2O5, HNO3, ClO, and ClONO2 during periods of increased stratospheric volcanic aerosol concentrations since 2000. By using an ensemble approach, we are able to distinguish forced responses from internal variability. We also compare the model ensemble results to satellite measurements of these changes in atmospheric composition, including measurements from the Optical Spectrograph and Infrared Imaging Spectrometer on the Odin satellite and the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder. We find decreases in stratospheric NOx concentrations up to 20 hPa, consistent with increases in stratospheric HNO3 concentrations. The HNO3 perturbations also extend higher, up to 5 hPa, associated with periods of increased volcanic aerosol concentrations in both model simulations and observations, though correlations with volcanic aerosol are considerably higher in the model simulations. The model simulates increases in ClO at altitudes and magnitudes similar to the NOx reductions, but this response is below the detectable limit in the available observations (100 pptv). We also demonstrate the value of accounting for transport‐related anomalies of atmospheric trace gases by regression onto N2O anomalies.
Data‐Driven Inference of Thermosphere Composition During Solar Minimum Conditions
Authors: Mehta Piyush M. , Linares Richard , Sutton Eric K. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMass density variations can deviate from the expected behavior caused by temperature due to changes in the composition. Such deviations can be especially significant during solar minimum conditions. Model‐data differences are typically resolved through temperature corrections while overlooking the role of errors in lower boundary composition. In this work, we use a data‐driven methodology to simultaneously estimate thermosphere composition and temperature contributions to model‐data differences. The methodology uses modal decomposition to extract high‐dimensional, reduced order basis functions for the covariance of the neutral thermospheric species and temperature. The extracted basis functions are combined with CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload and Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment mass density measurements using a nonlinear least squares solver. We demonstrate the methodology using the Naval Research Laboratory's empirical Mass Spectrometer and Incoherent Scatter (MSIS) model to derive the high‐dimensional basis functions. We characterize and quantify the contribution of temperature and lower boundary effects with oxygen and helium since the two species have a direct impact on drag and orbit prediction through gas‐surface interactions and mass density. We analyze the month of December in 2008, based on the work of Thayer et al. (2012), and estimate that lower boundary composition errors contribute approximately 50% of the model‐data differences.
Breakpoint junction features of seven DMD deletion mutations
Authors: Keegan Niall P. , Wilton Steve D. , Fletcher Sue 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDuchenne muscular dystrophy is an inherited muscle wasting disease with severe symptoms and onset in early childhood. Duchenne muscular dystrophy is caused by loss-of-function mutations, most commonly deletions, within the DMD gene. Characterizing the junction points of large genomic deletions facilitates a more detailed model of the origins of these mutations and allows for a greater understanding of phenotypic variations associated with particular genotypes, potentially providing insights into the deletion mechanism. Here, we report sequencing of breakpoint junctions for seven patients with intragenic, whole-exon DMD deletions. Of the seven junction sequences identified, we found one instance of a “clean” break, three instances of microhomology (2–5 bp) at the junction site, and three complex rearrangements involving local sequences. Bioinformatics analysis of the upstream and downstream breakpoint regions revealed a possible role of short inverted repeats in the initiation of some of these deletion events.
A global view on the effect of water uptake on aerosol particle light scattering
Authors: Burgos María A. , Andrews Elisabeth , Titos Gloria , Alados-Arboledas Lucas , Baltensperger Urs , Day Derek , Jefferson Anne , Kalivitis Nikos , Mihalopoulos Nikos , Sherman James , Sun Junying , Weingartner Ernest , Zieger Paul 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA reference dataset of multi-wavelength particle light scattering and hemispheric backscattering coefficients for different relative humidities (RH) between RH = 30 and 95% and wavelengths between λ = 450 nm and 700 nm is described in this work. Tandem-humidified nephelometer measurements from 26 ground-based sites around the globe, covering multiple aerosol types, have been re-analysed and harmonized into a single dataset. The dataset includes multi-annual measurements from long-term monitoring sites as well as short-term field campaign data. The result is a unique collection of RH-dependent aerosol light scattering properties, presented as a function of size cut. This dataset is important for climate and atmospheric model-measurement inter-comparisons, as a means to improve model performance, and may be useful for satellite and remote sensing evaluation using surface-based, in-situ measurements.
Neuromuscular organisation and robustness of postural control in the presence of perturbations
Authors: Munoz-Martel Victor , Santuz Alessandro , Ekizos Antonis , Arampatzis Adamantios 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPerturbation-based exercise interventions challenge balance and improve reactive motor control. Our purpose was to investigate the modular organisation during a standing balance task in both stable and unstable conditions to provide new insights into the neuromuscular control mechanisms needed to cope with perturbations. Fifteen participants performed 54 cycles of a specific task (i.e. pass from a double- to a single-leg standing) on stable ground and an unstable oscillating platform (Posturomed). Muscle synergies were extracted from the electromyographic activity of thirteen lower limb muscles. The maximum Lyapunov exponents of different body segments were calculated using kinematic data. We found two synergies functionally associated with the single- and double-leg stance in both stable and unstable conditions. Nonetheless, in the unstable condition participants needed an extra muscle synergy also functionally related to the single stance. Although a simple organisation of the neuromuscular system was sufficient to maintain the postural control in both conditions, the increased challenge in the oscillating platform was solved by adding one extra synergy. The addition of a new synergy with complementary function highlighted an increased motor output’s robustness (i.e. ability to cope with errors) in the presence of perturbations.
Morphological differences between coastal bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops aduncus) populations identified using non-invasive stereo-laser photogrammetry
Authors: van Aswegen Martin , Christiansen Fredrik , Symons John , Mann Janet , Nicholson Krista , Sprogis Kate , Bejder Lars 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObtaining morphometric data on free-ranging marine megafauna is difficult, as traditional methods rely on post-mortem or live-capture techniques. We linked stereo-laser photogrammetry with long-term demographic data to compare length-at-age (LaA) growth curves of two well-studied populations of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) in south-western (SW) and Shark Bay (SB), mid-western Australia. First, we determined the relationship between total length (TL) and blowhole-to-dorsal fin (BH-DF) length from post-mortem subjects (R2 = 0.99, n = 12). We then predicted TL from laser-derived BH-DF measurements of 129 and 74 known-age individuals in SW and SB, respectively. Richards growth models best described our LaA data. While birth length (103–110 cm) was similar between study regions, TL estimates at 1, 3, 12, and 25 years differed significantly (p < 0.001). Asymptotic length of adult males (SW = 246 cm, SB = 201 cm) and females (SW = 244 cm, SB = 200 cm) also differed significantly. Morphotypic variations likely reflect regional adaptations to local water temperatures, with the temperate SW having cooler waters than sub-tropical SB. We demonstrate the effectiveness of a non-invasive technique to understand ecological, demographic and life-history characteristics of long-lived marine megafauna, which are critical parameters for informing conservation and management actions.
Association between disorganization of retinal inner layers and visual acuity after proliferative diabetic retinopathy surgery
Authors: Ishibashi Tomoyuki , Sakimoto Susumu , Shiraki Nobuhiko , Nishida Kentaro , Sakaguchi Hirokazu , Nishida Kohji 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe report to evaluate if disorganization of the retinal inner layers (DRIL) obtained by swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) predicts the postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) to treat proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Twenty-one eyes of 21 patients who underwent vitrectomy for PDR were studied retrospectively. BCVA and SS-OCT images were obtained until 6 months postoperatively. The associations between BCVA and SS-OCT parameters measured in a 1-mm central foveal area were evaluated. The DRIL length, external limiting membrane disruption, and ellipsoid zone (EZ) disruption 1 month postoperatively were associated positively with the postoperative logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) BCVA at 1, 3, and 6 months (1 month, p = 0.009, p = 0.013, p = 0.001; 3 months, p = 0.03, p = 0.021, p = 0.002; and 6 months, p = 0.021, p = 0.013, and p = 0.005, respectively). The eyes with a 500-µm or longer DRIL 1 month postoperatively (19%, 4/21 eyes) had significantly worse VA at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively (p = 0.007, p = 0.008, and p = 0.020, respectively). Multilinear regression analysis of all visits until 6 months postoperatively showed that the DRIL was correlated more significantly (p = 0.0004) with logMAR BCVA than the disrupted EZ length. The DRIL in the early postoperative period may predict the visual outcomes after treating PDR.
Blo t 2: Group 2 allergen from the dust mite Blomia tropicalis
Authors: Reginald Kavita , Pang Sze Lei , Chew Fook Tim 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBlomia tropicalis has been recognized as a cause of allergic diseases in the tropical and subtropical regions. Here we report the immuno-characterization of its group 2 allergen, Blo t 2. Allergen Blo t 2 was amplified from the cDNA of B. tropicalis using degenerate primers, expressed in Escherichia coli as a recombinant protein and purified to homogeneity. The mature protein of Blo t 2 was 126 amino acids long with 52% sequence identity to Der p 2 and apparent molecular mass of 15 kDa. Circular dichroism spectroscopy showed that Blo t 2 is mainly a beta-sheeted protein. We confirmed the presence of three disulfide bonds in recombinant (r) Blo t 2 protein using electrospray mass spectrometry. Thirty-four percent of dust-mite allergic individuals from the Singapore showed specific IgE binding to rBlo t 2 as tested using immuno dot-blots. IgE-cross reactivity assays showed that Blo t 2 had between 20–50% of unique IgE-epitopes compared to Der p 2. IgE binding of native and recombinant forms of Blo t 2 were highly concordant (r2 = 0.77, p < 0.0001) to rBlo t 2. Dose-dependent in vitro histamine was observed when rBlo t 2 was incubated with whole blood of Blo t 2 sensitized individuals, demonstrating that it is a functional allergen. Nine naturally occurring isoforms of Blo t 2 were identified in this study, each having between 1–3 amino acid variations compared to the reference clone. Blo t 2 is a clinically relevant allergen of B. tropicalis as it has unique IgE epitopes compared to major group 2 allergens from Dermatophagoides spp.