bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of various tracts of mastoid air cells related to CSF leak after the anterior transpetrosal approach
Authors: Tamura Ryota , Tomio Ryosuke , Mohammad Farrag , Toda Masahiro , Yoshida Kazunari 
Published: March 2018

OBJECTIVEThe anterior transpetrosal approach (ATPA) was established in 1984 and has been particularly effective for petroclival tumors. Although some complications associated with this approach, such as venous hemorrhage in the temporal lobe and nervous disturbances, have been resolved over the years, the incidence rate of CSF leaks has not greatly improved. In this study, some varieties of air cell tracts that are strongly related to CSF leaks are demonstrated. In addition, other pre- and postoperative risk factors for CSF leakage after ATPA are discussed.METHODSPreoperative and postoperative target imaging of the temporal bone was performed in a total of 117 patients who underwent ATPA, and various surgery-related parameters were analyzed.RESULTSThe existence of air cells at the petrous apex, as well as fluid collection in the mastoid antrum detected by a postoperative CT scan, were possible risk factors for CSF leakage. Tracts that directly connected to the antrum from the squamous part of the temporal bone and petrous apex, rather than through numerous air cells, were significantly related to CSF leak and were defined as “direct tract.” All patients with a refractory CSF leak possessed “unusual tracts” that connected to the attic, tympanic cavity, or eustachian tube, rather than through the mastoid antrum.CONCLUSIONSPreoperative assessment of petrous pneumatization types is necessary to prevent CSF leaks. Direct and unusual tracts are particularly strong risk factors for CSF leaks.
Prognostic role of mitochondrial pyruvate carrier in isocitrate dehydrogenase–mutant glioma
Authors: Karsy Michael , Guan Jian , Huang L. Eric 
Published: March 2018

OBJECTIVEGliomas are one of the most common types of primary brain tumors. Recent studies have supported the importance of key genetic alterations, including isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations and 1p19q codeletion, in glioma prognosis. Mutant IDH produces 2-hydroxyglutarate from α-ketoglutarate, a key metabolite of the Krebs cycle. The mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) is composed of MPC1 and MPC2 subunits and is functionally essential for the Krebs cycle. The authors sought to explore the impact of MPC1 and MPC2 expression on patient prognosis.METHODSGenomic and clinical data in patients with lower-grade glioma (WHO grades II and III) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analysis and hazards modeling. Validation was conducted with additional data sets, including glioblastoma.RESULTSA total of 286 patients with lower-grade glioma (mean age 42.7 ± 13.5 years, 55.6% males) included 54 cases of IDH–wild type (18.9%); 140 cases of IDH-mutant, 1p19q-intact (49.0%); and 85 cases of IDH-mutant, 1p19q-codeleted (29.7%) tumors. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that an MPC1 z-score > 0 distinguished better survival, particularly in IDH-mutant (p < 0.01) but not IDH–wild type tumors. Conversely, an MPC2 z-score > 0 identified worsened survival, particularly in IDH-mutant (p < 0.01) but not IDH–wild type tumors. Consistently, neither MPC1 nor MPC2 was predictive in a glioblastoma data set containing 5% IDH-mutant cases. Within the IDH-stratified lower-grade glioma data set, MPC1 status distinguished improved survival in 1p19q-codeleted tumors (p < 0.05), whereas MPC2 expression delineated worsened survival in 1p19q-intact tumors (p < 0.01). A hazards model identified IDH and 1p19q status, age (p = 0.01, HR = 1.03), Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) score (p = 0.03, HR = 0.97), and MPC1 (p = 0.003, HR = 0.52) but not MPC2 (p = 0.38) as key variables affecting overall survival. Further validation confirmed MPC1 as an independent predictor of lower-grade glioma. A clinical risk score using IDH and 1p19q status, age, KPS score, and MPC1 and MPC2 z-scores defined 4 risk categories for lower-grade glioma; this score was validated using a secondary glioma data set.CONCLUSIONSThese results support the importance of MPC, especially MPC1, in improving prognostication of IDH-mutant tumors. The generation of a risk score system directly translates this finding to clinical application; however, further research to improve the molecular understanding of the role of MPC in the metabologenomic regulation of gliomas is warranted.
A fast 4D cone beam CT reconstruction method based on the OSC-TV algorithm
Authors: Mascolo-Fortin Julia , Matenine Dmitri , Archambault Louis , Després Philippe 
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND: Four-dimensional cone beam computed tomography allows for temporally resolved imaging with useful applications in radiotherapy, but raises particular challenges in terms of image quality and computation time. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this work is to develop a fast and accurate 4D algorithm by adapting a GPU-accelerated ordered subsets convex algorithm (OSC), combined with the total variation minimization regularization technique (TV). METHODS: Different initialization schemes were studied to adapt the OSC-TV algorithm to 4D reconstruction: each respiratory phase was initialized either with a 3D reconstruction or a blank image. Reconstruction algorithms were tested on a dynamic numerical phantom and on a clinical dataset. 4D iterations were implemented for a cluster of 8 GPUs. RESULTS: All developed methods allowed for an adequate visualization of the respiratory movement and compared favorably to the McKinnon-Bates and adaptive steepest descent projection onto convex sets algorithms, while the 4D reconstructions initialized from a prior 3D reconstruction led to better overall image quality. CONCLUSION: The most suitable adaptation of OSC-TV to 4D CBCT was found to be a combination of a prior FDK reconstruction and a 4D OSC-TV reconstruction with a reconstruction time of 4.5 minutes. This relatively short reconstruction time could facilitate a clinical use.
Is the rs1801282 (G/C) Polymorphism of PPAR - Gamma Gene Associated with T2DM in Iraqi People?
Authors: Al-Naemi Amjad Hazim , Ahmad Akram Jarjees 
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND: Pro12Ala (rs1801282) is a common polymorphism of the human PPAR-γ gene. Studies have demonstrated conflicting results about its association with T2DM worldwide. There are no reports about such possible association among Iraqi people. OBJECTIVES: This study aims at finding out whether having the mutant allele (Ala12) might be associated with T2DM among Iraqi people.METHODS: One hundred and ninety-two Arabic Iraqi adult subjects (97 with T2DM and 95 controls) were genotyped using PCR- RFLP. Clinical, anthropometrical and biochemical variables were compared regarding the Pro12Ala genotypes.RESULTS: About 5.67% of people with diabetes were carriers of the (Ala12) allele versus 9.47% of controls. Allelic and genotypic frequencies were not statistically different among diabetics and controls [(c2= 1.99, p= 0.16) and (c2= 2.17, p= 0.14)]. Age, BMI and smoking- but not Pro12Ala - were independent risk factors for T2DM in our subjects. Pro12Ala was not associated with T2DM (Odd's ratio 0.55, 95% CI 0.23- 1.32, p= 0.14).CONCLUSIONS: Our study revealed a relatively high frequency of the Ala12 allele among Arabic Iraqis. These frequencies did not significantly differ between diabetics and controls indicating the absence of association of Pro12Ala with T2DM among Iraqis.
Être un thérapeute d’analyse transactionnelle pour enfants : en quoi travailler avec des enfants est différent
Authors: Pierini Alessandra , Blondel Agnès 
Published: March 2018

Consacré à l’utilisation de l’analyse transactionnelle avec les enfants – en particulier, celle de la théorie des états du moi, du contrat, ainsi que des processus et techniques thérapeutiques – cet article met l’accent sur ce qui différencie ce travail d’avec la psychothérapie d’adultes. Il y est fait référence à la théorie des états du moi de Maria Teresa Romanini, ainsi qu’à ses concepts d’ego réel et à son influence sur la thérapie d’analyse transactionnelle pour enfant.
Quand les tout-petits apprennent… entre liaison et déliaison
Authors: Blain-Joguet Evelyne 
Published: March 2018

Comment fait-on travailler les tout-petits à la Maternelle. Le challenge est important, car c’est dans ces premières années que peut se construire tout le rapport futur de l’enfant avec l’école. Évelyne Blain Joguet nous explique comment elle part du connu, du désir d’apprendre des enfants, pour les emmener vers l’inconnu, vers ce qui peut inquiéter, déranger. Chemin faisant, elle leur apprend à se développer, à grandir, à faire confiance, à s’autonomiser. Et tout cela avec beaucoup de respect, de bienveillance et de créativité. J’aurais rêvé d’avoir une “maîtresse” comme cela ! Cet article nous donne envie de revenir à nos jeunes années et de retourner à l’école. FB
The impact of virtual trips on the development of Arabic language listening skills among third grade students in Jordan
Authors: Alhajya Nail M. , Alzaghamim Sumaia S. , Arouri Yousef M. 
Published: March 2018

This study aimed at investigating the impact of virtual trips on developing Arabic language listening skills among third grade students in Jordan. The researchers used a quasi-experimental design to answer the research questions. The study sample consisted of 48 students who were chosen purposely. Those participants were divided randomly into two groups: 1) experimental group which consisted of 24 students who were taught by using a Virtual Trip Model (VTM), and 2) control group which consisted of 24 students who were taught by using a traditional method of teaching. To achieve the study objectives, the researchers developed a content-based VTM and achievement test to measure Arabic language listening skills. Reliability and validity of the study instruments were checked. To answer the study questions, means and standard deviations were calculated, and ANCOVA test was used. Study results revealed that there were statistically significant differences (α=0.05) between means of students’ achievement test scores attributed to teaching method variable, and in favor of the experimental group. Furthermore, there were no statistically significant differences (α=0.05) between means of students’ achievements test scores attributed to gender variable, and the interaction between teaching method and gender variables. Additional implications and future recommendations were argued.
CCR7 on CD4+ T Cells Plays a Crucial Role in the Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Belikan Patrick , Bühler Ulrike , Wolf Christina , Pramanik Gautam K. , Gollan René , Zipp Frauke , Siffrin Volker 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS. Myelin-specific CD4+ Th lymphocytes are known to play a major role in both MS and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). CCR7 is a critical element for immune cell trafficking and recirculation, that is, lymph node homing, under homeostatic conditions; blocking CCR7+ central memory cells from egress of lymph nodes is a therapeutic approach in MS. To define the effect of CD4+ T cell–specific constitutive deletion of CCR7 in the priming and effector phase in EAE, we used an active EAE approach in T cell reconstituted Rag1−/− mice, as well as adoptive transfer EAE, in which mice received in vitro–primed CCR7−/− or CCR7+/+ myelin Ag TCR-transgenic 2d2 Th17 cells. Two-photon laser scanning microscopy was applied in living anesthetized mice to monitor the trafficking of CCR7-deficient and wild-type CD4+ T cells in inflammatory lesions within the CNS. We demonstrate that CD4+ T cell–specific constitutive deletion of CCR7 led to impaired induction of active EAE. In adoptive transfer EAE, mice receiving in vitro–primed CCR7−/− 2d2 Th17 cells showed similar disease onset as mice adoptively transferred with CCR7+/+ 2d2 Th17 cells. Using two-photon laser scanning microscopy CCR7−/− and CCR7+/+ CD4+ T cells did not reveal differences in motility in either animal model of MS. These findings indicate a crucial role of CCR7 in neuroinflammation during the priming of autoimmune CD4+ T cells but not in the CNS.
CXCL17 Chemokine–Dependent Mobilization of CXCR8+CD8+ Effector Memory and Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells in the Vaginal Mucosa Is Associated with Protection against Genital Herpes
Authors: Srivastava Ruchi , Hernández-Ruiz Marcela , Khan Arif A. , Fouladi Mona A. , Kim Grace J. , Ly Vincent T. , Yamada Taikun , Lam Cynthia , Sarain Sheilouise A. B. , Boldbaatar Undariya , Zlotnik Albert , Bahraoui Elmostafa , BenMohamed Lbachir 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Circulating conventional memory CD8+ T cells (i.e., the CD8+ effector memory T [TEM] cell and CD8+ central memory T [TCM] cell subsets) and the noncirculating CD8+ tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cell subset play a critical role in mucosal immunity. Mucosal chemokines, including the recently discovered CXCL17, are also important in mucosal immunity because they are homeostatically expressed in mucosal tissues. However, whether the CXCL17 chemokine contributes to the mobilization of memory CD8+ T cell subsets to access infected mucosal tissues remains to be elucidated. In this study, we report that after intravaginal HSV type 1 infection of B6 mice, we detected high expression levels of CXCL17 and increased numbers of CD44highCD62LlowCD8+ TEM and CD103highCD8+ TRM cells expressing CXCR8, the cognate receptor of CXCL17, in the vaginal mucosa (VM) of mice with reduced genital herpes infection and disease. In contrast to wild-type B6 mice, the CXCL17−/− mice developed 1) fewer CXCR8+CD8+ TEM and TRM cells associated with more virus replication in the VM and more latency established in dorsal root ganglia, and 2) reduced numbers and frequencies of functional CD8+ T cells in the VM. These findings suggest that the CXCL17/CXCR8 chemokine pathway plays a crucial role in mucosal vaginal immunity by promoting the mobilization of functional protective CD8+ TEM and CD8+ TRM cells, within this site of acute and recurrent herpes infection.
Stereoacuity and refractive, accommodative and vergence anomalies of South African school children, aged 13–18 years
Authors: Wajuihian Sam O. , Hansraj Rekha 
Published: March 2018

Aim: The aim of this study was to explore possible associations between stereoacuity and refractive, accommodative and vergence anomalies.Methods: The study design was cross-sectional and comprised data from 1056 high school children aged between 13 and 18 years; mean age and standard deviation were 15.89 ± 1.58 years. Using a multi-stage random cluster sampling, participants were selected from 13 high schools out of a sample frame of 60 schools in the municipality concerned. In the final sample, 403 (38%) were males and 653 (62%) females. Refractive errors, heterophoria, near point of convergence, fusional vergences and accommodative functions (amplitude, facility, response and relative) were evaluated. Stereoacuity was evaluated using the Randot stereotest and recorded in seconds of arc where reduced stereoacuity was defined as worse than 40 s arc.Results: Overall, the mean stereoacuities (in seconds of arc) of the children with anomalies were the following: those with refractive errors (52.6 ± 36.9), with accommodative anomalies (53.1 ± 34.1) and with vergence anomalies (48.29 ± 31.1). The mean stereoacuity of those with vergence anomalies was significantly better than that of those with either refractive errors or accommodative anomalies (p = 0.02). In the refractive error category, only anisometropia had significantly reduced mean stereoacuity compared to emmetropia (Mann–Whitney U: p = 0.01). The mean stereoacuity of cases of accommodative anomalies was significantly reduced compared to those without such anomalies (Mann–Whitney U: p = 0.01). Similarly, the mean stereoacuity of cases with vergence anomalies was significantly reduced compared to those without vergence anomalies (p = 0.02).Conclusion: Refractive errors, accommodative or vergence anomalies are more likely to have reduced mean stereoacuity than cases without such anomalies. Refractive errors or accommodative anomalies had significantly more reduced stereoacuity than vergence anomalies. These findings suggest that the Randot stereotest could be used to identify those with such anomalies, and this study extends knowledge regarding the possible use of stereoacuity as a useful tool to screen for binocular anomalies.
Assessment of Salivary Catalase, α-Amylase, and Cotinine Levels in Chronic Smokers: A Comparative Study
Authors: Singh Satvinder , Sharma Mamta , Rohilla Nitika , Salgotra Varun , Kumar Varun , Sharma Rahul K 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTIntroductionOne of the common practices observed in many parts of the world is smoking, of which tobacco forms an important constituent which is burned and inhaled. Smoking is known to have potential effect on body’s immune system, antioxidants level, and salivary cotinine levels. Hence, we planned the present study to evaluate the impact of cigarette smoke on salivary antioxidant levels and cotinine levels in smokers and nonsmokers.Materials and methodsThe present study included assessment of salivary parameters of smokers and nonsmokers. A total of 400 subjects were analyzed, of which 200 were active smokers and 200 were nonsmokers. Unstimulated salivary samples were taken and assessment of α-amylase levels was done using biochemical kit and spectrophotometer. Assessment of salivary catalase (CAT) activity was done using Luck method. For the determination of cotinine levels, Bioassay Technology Laboratory kit was used using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. After the assessment of levels of all the salivary parameters, all the data were recorded, compiled, and analyzed.Resultsα-Amylase in smokers and nonsmokers group was found to be 206.25 and 169.85 U/mL respectively. Nonsignificant results were obtained while comparing the salivary α-amylase levels among the two study groups. Nonsignificant results were obtained while comparing the salivary CAT levels among the smokers and nonsmokers group. We observed statistically significant results while comparing mean cotinine levels among smokers group and nonsmokers group.ConclusionAlteration in cotinine levels occurs in smokers in comparison to nonsmokers.Clinical significanceSmoking can cause harmful effect on the oral mucous membrane by altering salivary defense components.How to cite this articleSingh S, Sharma M, Rohilla N, Salgotra V, Kumar V, Sharma RK. Assessment of Salivary Catalase, α-Amylase, and Cotinine Levels in Chronic Smokers: A Comparative Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2018;19(3):253-256.
Arab Societal Awareness of Dental Veneers
Authors: Alfouzan Afnan , Al-Sanie Aisha A , Al-Dhafiri Reem A 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
Aim
The aim of this study is to assess the Arab society’s knowledge, awareness, and attitudes toward dental veneers.

Materials and methods
A cross-sectional study was performed by collecting data through an online questionnaire created using the Survey Monkey website and distributed among Middle Eastern societies through social media to ascertain participants’ knowledge and awareness regarding dental veneers. The sample included Arab laypeople who were over 18 years old, to represent the awareness of the majority regarding dental veneers.

Results
The sample of this study included 1,332 subjects from different Middle Eastern nationalities, mainly Saudis, Kuwaitis, and Emiratis (15.6% of males and 84.4% of females). The results of this study showed that the total knowledge of dental veneers is 50.12%. The respondents with the highest level of knowledge acquired their information mainly from newspapers and magazines, followed by the Internet, then dentists, then social media, and, finally, friends and relatives.
Cost was the only factor limiting 38.4% of subjects from receiving veneers, and 56% of the subjects would receive veneers if they were free of cost. In total, 72.6% of the respondents believed that veneers are currently overused.

Conclusion
The knowledge and awareness of dental veneers were below a satisfactory level. Participants who relied on social media as a source of information had lower knowledge levels.

Clinical significance
This study emphasized the need for continual societal education regarding dental veneers.

How to cite this article
Alfouzan A, Al-Sanie AA, Al-Dhafiri RA. Arab Societal Awareness of Dental Veneers. J Contemp Dent Pract 2018;19(3):257-261.
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Different Mixing Techniques and Disinfection on Microbial Colonization of Polyether Impression Materials: A Comparative Study
Authors: Sharma Rajni , Pachar Renu B , Singla Youginder , Poriya Sangeeta , Mishra Aalok , Garg Anshu 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
Aim
This study aims to determine the role of mixing techniques of polyether impression materials and efficacy of disinfection on microbial colonization of these impression materials.

Materials and methods
Polyether impression material was mixed using two methods: First by hand mixing (group I) and second using an automixer (group II) with a total of 100 samples. Four microbial strains were studied, which included Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. After incubation, the bacterial colonies were counted, and then, disinfectant solution was applied. The effect of disinfection solution was evaluated for each specimen.

Results
The surface of polyether impression materials mixed with an automixer has less number of voids and overall a smoother surface as compared with the hand-mixed ones. On comparing the disinfection procedures, i.e., specimens without any disinfection and specimens after disinfection, statistically highly significant difference was seen between all the groups.

Conclusion
We can conclude that impression mixing procedures are important in determining the surface characteristics of the impression and ultimately the colonization of bacteria and also determine the importance of disinfection on microbial colonization.

Clinical significance
This study emphasises the deleterious role of nosocomial infections and specific measures that should be taken regarding the prevention of such diseases. Dental impressions are proved to be a source of such infections and may lead to transmission of such diseases. Thus, proper measures should be taken right from the first step of impression taking to minimizing and preventing such kind of contaminations in clinical practice.

How to cite this article
Singla Y, Pachar RB, Poriya S, Mishra A, Sharma R, Garg A. Evaluation of the Efficacy of Different Mixing Techniques and Disinfection on Microbial Colonization of Polyether Impression Materials: A Comparative Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2018;19(3):296-300.