bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discovering the Truth on the Web Data: One Facet of Data Forensics
Authors: Lamine Ba Mouhamadou , Berti-Equille Laure , Hammady Hossam M. 
Published: July 2019

Data Forensics with Analytics, or DAFNA for short, is an ambitious project initiated by the Data Analytics Research Group in Qatar Computing Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University. It main goal is to provide effective algorithms and tools for determining the veracity of structured information when they originate from multiple sources. The ability to efficiently estimate the veracity of data, along with the reliability level of the information sources, is a challenging problem with many real-world use cases (e.g., data fusion, social data analytics, rumour detection, etc.) in which users rely on a semi-automated data extraction and integration process in order to consume high quality information for personal or business purposes. DAFNA's vision is to provide a suite of tools for Data Forensics and investigate various research topics such as fact-checking and truth discovery and their practical applicability. We will present our ongoing development (dafna.qcri.org) on extensively comparing the state-of-the-art truth discovery algorithms, releasing a new system and the first REST API for truth discovery, and designing a novel hybrid truth discovery approach using active ensembling. Finally, we will briefly present real-world applications of truth discovery from Web data.Efficient Truth Discovery. Truth discovery is a hard problem to deal with since there is no a priori knowledge about the veracity of provided information and the reliability level of online sources. This raises many questions about a thorough understanding of the state-of-the-art truth discovery algorithms and their applicability for actionable truth discovery. A new truth discovery approach is needed and it should be rather comprehensible and domain-independent. In addition, it should take advantage of the benefits of existing solutions, while being built on realistic assumptions for an easy use in real-world applications. In this context, we propose an approach that deals with open truth discovery challenges and consists of the following contributions: (i) The thorough comparative study of existing truth discovery algorithms; (ii) The design and release of the first online truth discovery system and the first REST API for truth discovery available at dafna.qcri.org; (iii) An hybrid truth discovery method using active ensembling; and (iv) An application to query answering related to Qatar where the veracity of information provided by multiple Web sources is estimated.
Demystifying Islamic Law
Authors: Kutty Faisal 
Published: July 2019

Those teaching in the area of “Islamic law” (however imprecise that term is) can appreciate the difficulty in conveying information on sources and major principles. People unfamiliar with the Arabic language have enough struggles with the new lingo and could benefit from an overview of the main sources, principles and methodologies in pictorial form. This flowchart is a very basic representation or big picture of “Islamic law.” It is best viewed as a digital document where you can adjust the size. It is only an attempt to give some perspective to the introductory student in this area, but nevertheless a caveat is in order at the outset. Any endeavor that attempts to provide a simple overview of a complex system always runs the risk of oversimplification. Clearly, it is an impossible task to set out detailed discussions of the Islamic system's principles, institutions and their interactions and permutations in such a static fashion. For a more detailed and nuanced explanation of most of what is set out on the flowchart, you may wish to download and read Part 5 of Faisal Kutty, The Myth and Reality of Shari'a Courts in Canada: A Delayed Opportunity for the Indigenization of Islamic Legal Rulings, 7 U. St. Thomas Law Journal 559 (2010), available at http://ssrn.com/abstract = 1749046. The idea is to demystify Islamic law and allow for people to see the involvment of human agency in the process with the objective of making it easier to reform Islamic rulings to address contemporary realities and challenges.
Educational Intervention in Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Authors: Barranco-Cuevas Irma Aidé , Tamayo-Huerta Maria Jose , Perdomo-Díaz Karina , Espinosa-Gómez Yenni , García-Galicia Arturo , Vázquez-Cruz Eduardo , González-López Akihiki Mizuki , Pérez-Vázquez Ana Lourdes , Gaytán-Fernández Suemmy 
Published: July 2019

Objective: To identify the knowledge of Sexual Transmitted Diseases (STD) in adolescents before and after an educational intervention.
Study Design: Quasi-experimental, longitudinal study.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in the Family Medicine Unite Number 6 of the Mexican Institute of Social Security, Puebla, Mexico during January to April in 2017.
Methodology: 151 patients were included in whom the knowledge level in sexual transmitted diseases were correlated. A study was used to measure the knowledge in the anatomy and sexual physiology, STDs prevention and ant conceptive. Central tendency and dispersion measures were employed for numeric variables and frequency (proportions) measures for categorical measures.
Results: A total of 151 adolescents with (58.9%) are female 17 years of age, 97.4% without partner and 74% without sex life. The knowledge after an educational intervention increased 10.6% in comparison to before the intervention. The statistical treatment was based on the Wilcoxon, resulting in a p=0.000.
Conclusion: The knowledge of STDs in adolescents increased after an educational intervention.
Antimicrobial Potential of Ethanol Extract and Fractions of Caesalpinia benthamiana (Caesalpinaceae) Root on Some Organisms Implicated in Oral Infections
Authors: Olorunmola Felix Oluwasola , Oladeji Oladokun Layiwola , Oriola Ayodeji Oluwabunmi , Adesina Simeon Kolawole 
Published: July 2019

This study investigated the activities of ethanol root extract of Caesalpinia benthamiana (Baill) Herend. and Zarucchi. (Caesalpiniaceae) against some microbial isolates implicated in oral infections and determined the killing rate of the most active fraction. It also investigated the phytochemical properties of the root extract. This was with a view to providing scientific basis for the use of the root in the treatment of oral infections.
The plant root was collected from the wild, washed, air-dried, ground to powder and macerated using ethanol and water at ratio 7:3 (v/v) with constant shaking for 72 hours in a mechanical shaker. The filtrate was concentrated in-vacuo at 50°C using a rotary evaporator and freeze dried. The crude extract was screened for phytochemical and antimicrobial properties. The extract was further partitioned into fractions using different organic solvents in order of their polarity. The antimicrobial potential of the different fractions was determined using agar-well diffusion and agar dilution method respectively. Time-kill-assay of the most active fraction was carried out on each of the organisms namely, Staphylococcus aureus (NCIB 8588) clinical isolates of Streptococcus mutans, S. pyogenes, S. salivarius, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. The values obtained were subjected to inferential statistical analysis.
Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, terpenes, saponins, phenolics and phenolic glycosides and anthraquinones. The root extract showed appreciable activity against all the test organisms, with the ethyl acetate fraction demonstrating highest activity and lowest MIC (0.16 mg/mL) compared with the crude extract and the other fractions. The activity was also time and concentration dependent. At triple the MIC all cells of respective organisms were killed at 5 minutes as was the case with all the standard antibiotics and anti-fungi used as positive control.
It was concluded that C. benthamiana ethanol root extract was highly active against oral isolates with its ethyl acetate fraction being the most effective.
X‐Ray Co‐Crystal Structure Guides the Way to Subnanomolar Competitive Ecto‐5′‐Nucleotidase (CD73) Inhibitors for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Bhattarai Sanjay , Pippel Jan , Meyer Anne , Freundlieb Marianne , Schmies Constanze , Abdelrahman Aliaa , Fiene Amelie , Lee Sang‐Yong , Zimmermann Herbert , El‐Tayeb Ali , Yegutkin Gennady G. , Sträter Norbert , Müller Christa E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEcto‐5′‐nucleotidase (CD73, EC 3.1.3.5) catalyzes the extracellular hydrolysis of AMP yielding adenosine, which induces immunosuppression, angiogenesis, metastasis, and proliferation of cancer cells. CD73 inhibition is therefore proposed as a novel strategy for cancer (immuno)therapy, and CD73 antibodies are currently undergoing clinical trials. Despite considerable efforts, the development of small molecule CD73 inhibitors has met with limited success. To develop a suitable drug candidate, a high resolution (2.05 Å) co‐crystal structure of the CD73 inhibitor PSB‐12379, a nucleotide analogue, in complex with human CD73 is determined. This allows the rational design and development of a novel inhibitor (PSB‐12489) with subnanomolar inhibitory potency toward human and rat CD73, high selectivity, as well as high metabolic stability. A co‐crystal structure of PSB‐12489 with CD73 (1.85 Å) reveals the interactions responsible for increased potency. PSB‐12489 is the most potent CD73 inhibitor to date representing a powerful tool compound and novel lead structure.
Synthesis, characterization, antioxidant and anti‐diabetic activities of a novel protein–vanadium complex
Authors: Zhang Shuang , Kim Sang Moo 
Published: July 2019

The protein–vanadium complex was successfully synthesized and systematically characterized using electron paramagnetic resonance, Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The antioxidant activity analysis indicated that it had better radical scavenging activity on 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′‐azinobis (3‐ethylbenzothiazoline)‐6‐sulfonic acid (ABTS) and O2− compared with the free protein and vanadate. Additionally, the complex exhibited high anti‐diabetic activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae α‐glucosidase and rat intestinal maltase with IC50 values of 258.53 and 72.41 μg/ml, respectively. Kinetics study showed that the complex was a mixed inhibition type against S. cerevisiae α‐glucosidase and uncompetitive inhibition type against rat intestinal maltase. These indicated that the complex with antioxidant and anti‐diabetic potential could be used for lowering blood glucose that might be caused by insufficient secretion of insulin in the body or excess fat storage. Our findings provide a new protein–vanadium complex for further use in diabetes mellitus or obesity.
Synthesis and evaluation of anticonvulsant activities of 7‐phenyl‐4,5,6,7‐tetrahydrothieno[3,2‐b]pyridine derivatives
Authors: Wang Shiben , Liu Hui , Wang Xuekun , Lei Kang , Li Guangyong , Li Xiaojing , Wei Lichao , Quan Zheshan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA series of 7‐phenyl‐4,5,6,7‐tetrahydrothieno[3,2‐b]pyridine derivatives containing triazole and other heterocycle substituents (methyltriazole, tetrazole, and triazolone) is described. Two experimental methods, maximal electroshock (MES) and subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole (scPTZ), were used to evaluate the anticonvulsant activity of the target compounds. Moreover, the neurotoxicity (NT) was tested using the Rotarod test. 5‐(4‐Chlorophenyl)‐4,5‐dihydrothieno[2,3‐e][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐a]pyridine (6c) showed the best anticonvulsant activity. In the MES and PTZ experiments, the 50% effective dose (ED50) values of compound 6c were 9.5 and 20.5 mg/kg, respectively. From the therapeutic index (PI) values, 6c (MES and PTZ with PI values of 48.0 and 22.2, respectively) showed better safety than the clinical drugs carbamazepine (MES with PI value of 6.4) and ethosuximide (PTZ with PI value of 3.2). The biological activities of the compounds were verified by using molecular docking studies. Compound 6c showed significant interactions with residues at the benzodiazepine‐binding site on gamma‐aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptors. The results of in vivo GABA estimation and bicuculline‐induced seizures showed that 6c may have an effect on the GABA system. The physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of the target compounds were predicted.
Rapid and visual detection for hypochlorite of an AIE enhanced fluorescence probe
Authors: Cheng Huan‐ren , Ji Yan , Liu Fei , Lu Xiao‐ju 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this paper, a new ‘turn‐on' fluorescence probe for the rapid, sensitive, and visual detection of hypochlorite is reported. The push–pull type trianiline–tricyanofuran‐based fluorescent probe was prepared using a condensation reaction between tricyanofuran and the thiophene–trianiline derivative that had high quantum yields and showed aggregation‐induced emission enhanced properties. Upon exposure to hypochlorite, prominent fluorescence enhancement of the probe was observed via the release of the fluorophore from the probe. The probe showed a ratiometric absorption change at 315 nm and 575 nm. Importantly, the probe showed an excellent detection limit for hypochlorite at 1.2 × 10−7 M in solution and it was successfully applied for monitoring hypochlorite in waste water by test strip. This work reports a new fluorescence analytical sensing method for hypochlorite that has potential practical value in environmental monitoring and biological discrimination.
Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Metania and Drulia (Metaniidae) Freshwater Sponges from Amazonia
Authors: Manço da Costa Bolson Glaucia Cristina , Bezerra de Barros Iuri , Volkmer‐Ribeiro Cecília , Alencar Lima Josélia , Celmar Costa França Tanos , Santos Ivanildes , Puccinelli Orlandi Patrícia , Florêncio da Veiga‐Junior Valdir 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSponges from freshwater environments, unlike marine's, are poorly known producers of natural compounds with medicinal purposes. Amazonian sponges produce massive large specimens and are widely spread, taxonomically diverse and their metabolites could represent a new frontier on unusual natural products to treat diseases such as Alzheimer's and Malaria. Species of Metania and Drulia (Metaniidae) genera are major contributors to the fauna of Amazonian freshwater sponges. Methanolic extracts from several species from these genera had their inhibitory activities evaluated in vitro, for parasite Plasmodium falciparum and acetyl and butyrylcholinesterase enzymes (AChE and BChE). All extracts were able to inhibit AChE, although no activity was observed towards BChE. Drulia uruguayensis extract was the most potent, inhibiting AChE with IC50=1.04 mg/mL. For antiplasmodial activity, all species showed inhibition to P. falciparum, but Metania reticulata being the most efficient with IC50=2.7 μg/mL. Mass spectrometry analyses evidenced the presence of fatty acids and sterols in active extracts.
Engineering Cell‐Surface Receptors with DNA Nanotechnology for Cell Manipulation
Authors: Fan Jiahui , Wang Hong‐Hui , Xie Shiyi , Wang Miao , Nie Zhou 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCell‐surface receptors play pivotal roles in the regulation of cell fate. Molecular engineering of cell‐surface receptors enables control of cell signaling and manipulation of cell behavior in a user‐defined way. Currently, the development of chemical‐biological approaches for non‐genetic engineering and regulation of membrane receptors is attracting significant interest. Recent research advances in functional nucleic acids and DNA nanotechnology have made it possible to use DNA as a new and promising molecular toolkit for controlling receptor‐mediated signaling and cell fates. In this minireview we summarize the advances in the use of DNA nanotechnology for the spatiotemporal regulation of cell receptors and highlight practical applications in manipulating cell functions including cell adhesion, cell–cell contact, cell migration, and cellular immunity. We also provide a perspective on the potential of and challenges facing DNA‐based receptor engineering in future applications of cell manipulation and cell‐based therapy.
Differentiation of Retinal Organoids from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Chichagova Valeria , Dorgau Birthe , Felemban Majed , Georgiou Maria , Armstrong Lyle , Lako Majlinda 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis unit describes a protocol for generating retinal organoids that contain all major retinal cell types and are responsive to light from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). hPSCs are differentiated in 96‐well plates to allow large‐scale production of organoids that could be used for multiple applications, including study of human retinal development, disease modeling, and compound screening. The differentiation approach is based on the knowledge that insulin‐like growth factor 1 signaling together with retinoic acid and triiodothyronine is important for retinal development. After 22 weeks in culture, the organoids form a thick layer of neuroepithelium containing photoreceptors and bipolar, horizontal, amacrine, Müller, and retinal ganglion cells. Differentiation progress can be tracked by morphological observations and protein localization, as detected with immunocytochemistry. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
QoS‐aware LTE‐A downlink scheduling algorithm: A case study on edge users
Authors: Uyan Osman Gokhan , Gungor Vehbi Cagri 
Published: July 2019

Summary4G/LTE‐A (Long‐Term Evolution—Advanced) is the state of the art wireless mobile broadband technology. It allows users to take advantage of high Internet speeds. It makes use of the OFDM technology to offer high speed and provides the system resources both in time and frequency domain. A scheduling algorithm running on the base station holds the allocation of these resources. In this paper, we investigate the performance of existing downlink scheduling algorithms in two ways. First, we look at the performance of the algorithms in terms of throughput and fairness metrics. Second, we suggest a new QoS‐aware fairness criterion, which accepts that the system is fair if it can provide the users with the network traffic speeds that they demand and evaluate the performance of the algorithms according to this metric. We also propose a new QoS‐aware downlink scheduling algorithm (QuAS) according to these two metrics, which increases the QoS‐fairness and overall throughput of the edge users without causing a significant degradation in overall system throughput when compared with other schedulers in the literature.
Exploratory behavior undergoes genotype–age interactions in a wild bird
Authors: Class Barbara , Brommer Jon E. , van Oers Kees 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAnimal personality traits are often heritable and plastic at the same time. Indeed, behaviors that reflect an individual's personality can respond to environmental factors or change with age. To date, little is known regarding personality changes during a wild animals' lifetime and even less about stability in heritability of behavior across ages. In this study, we investigated age‐related changes in the mean and in the additive genetic variance of exploratory behavior, a commonly used measure of animal personality, in a wild population of great tits. Heritability of exploration is reduced in adults compared to juveniles, with a low genetic correlation across these age classes. A random regression animal model confirmed the occurrence of genotype–age interactions (G×A) in exploration, causing a decrease in additive genetic variance before individuals become 1 year old, and a decline in cross‐age genetic correlations between young and increasingly old individuals. Of the few studies investigating G×A in behaviors, this study provides rare evidence for this phenomenon in an extensively studied behavior. We indeed demonstrate that heritability and cross‐age genetic correlations in this behavior are not stable over an individual's lifetime, which can affect its potential response to selection. Because G×A is likely to be common in behaviors and have consequences for our understanding of the evolution of animal personality, more attention should be turned to this phenomenon in the future work.
The interaction between island geomorphology and environmental parameters drives Adélie penguin breeding phenology on neighboring islands near Palmer Station, Antarctica
Authors: Cimino Megan A. , Patterson‐Fraser Donna L. , Stammerjohn Sharon , Fraser William R. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDespite many studies on Adélie penguin breeding phenology, understanding the drivers of clutch initiation dates (CIDs, egg 1 lay date) is limited or lacks consensus. Here, we investigated Adélie penguin CIDs over 25 years (1991–2016) on two neighboring islands, Torgersen and Humble (<1 km apart), in a rapidly warming region near Palmer Station, Antarctica. We found that sea ice was the primary large‐scale driver of CIDs and precipitation was a secondary small‐scale driver that fine‐tunes CID to island‐specific nesting habitat geomorphology. In general, CIDs were earlier (later) when the spring sea ice retreat was earlier (later) and when the preceding annual ice season was shorter (longer). Island‐specific effects related to precipitation and island geomorphology caused greater snow accumulation and delayed CIDs by ~2 days on Torgersen compared to Humble Island. When CIDs on the islands were similar, conditions were mild with less snow across breeding sites. At Torgersen Island, the negative relationship between CID and breeding success highlights detrimental effects of delayed breeding and/or snow on penguin fitness. Past phenological studies reported a relationship between air temperature and CID, assumed to be related to precipitation, but we found air temperature was more highly correlated to sea ice, revealing a misinterpretation of temperature effects. Finally, contrasting trends in CIDs based on temporal shifts in regional sea ice patterns revealed trends toward earlier CIDs (4–6 day advance) from 1979 to 2009 as the annual ice season shortened, and later CIDs (7–10 day delay) from 2010 to 2016 as the annual ice season lengthened. Adélie penguins tracked environmental conditions with flexible breeding phenology, but their life history remains vulnerable to subpolar weather conditions that can delay CIDs and decrease breeding success, especially on landscapes where geomorphology facilitates snow accumulation.