bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photocatalytic Dehydrogenation of Formic Acid on CdS Nanorods through Ni and Co Redox Mediation under Mild Conditions
Authors: Nasir Jamal Abdul , Hafeez Muhammad , Arshad Muhammad , Ali Naveed Zafar , Teixeira Ivo F. , McPherson Ian , Zia‐ur‐Rehman  , Khan M. Abdullah 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSelective release of hydrogen from formic acid (FA) is deemed feasible to solve issues associated with the production and storage of hydrogen. Here, we present a new efficient photocatalytic system consisting of CdS nanorods (NRs), Ni, and Co to liberate hydrogen from FA. The optimized noble‐metal‐free catalytic system employs Ni/Co as a redox mediator to relay electrons and holes from CdS NRs to the Ni and Co, respectively, which also deters the oxidation of CdS NRs. As a result, a high hydrogen production activity of 32.6 mmol h−1 g−1 from the decomposition of FA was noted. Furthermore, the photocatalytic system exhibits sustained H2 production rate for 12 h with sequential turnover numbers surpassing 4×103, 3×103, and 2×103 for Co–Ni/CdS NRs, Ni/CdS NRs, and CoCl2/CdS NRs, respectively.
Surface Functionalization of Carbon Architecture with Nano‐MnO2 for Effective Polysulfide Confinement in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Kim Kyungho , Kim Patrick J. , Youngblood Jeffrey P. , Pol Vilas G. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractLi–S batteries have received tremendous attention owing to their high theoretical capacity (1672 mA h g−1), sulfur abundance, and low cost. However, main systemic issues, associated with polysulfide shuttling and low Coulombic efficiency, hinder the practical use of the sulfur electrode in commercial batteries. Herein, we demonstrate an effective strategy of decorating nano‐MnO2 (less than 10 wt %) onto the sulfur reservoir to capture the out‐diffused polysulfides through chemical interaction and thereby improve the electrochemical performance of the sulfur electrode without increasing the mass burden of total battery configuration. Pistachio shell‐derived sustainable carbon (PC) was employed as effective sulfur containers owing to its structural characteristics (interconnected macro channels and micropores). With the aids of the structural benefits of the PC scaffold and the uniform decoration of nano‐MnO2, polysulfide shuttling was significantly suppressed and the cycling performance of the sulfur cathode was dramatically improved over 250 cycles.
A non‐isolated high step‐up DC‐DC converter with integrated 3 winding coupled inductor and reduced switch voltage stress
Authors: Mahmoudi Mohsen , Ajami Ali , Babaei Ebrahim 
Published: May 2018

SummaryIn this paper, a non‐isolated high step‐up dc‐dc converter based on coupled inductor is proposed. The proposed converter can be used in renewable energy applications. In suggested converter, the high voltage is achieved using 3‐winding coupled inductor, which leads to low voltage rate of the switch. A clamp circuit is used to recycle the leakage inductance energy. Also, the clamp circuit prevents the creation of voltage spikes on semiconductor devices and causes the voltage stress of elements are limited to less than the output voltage. The presented theoretical analyses show that the operation of suggested converter in continuous conduction mode needs to small magnetic inductor. Therefore, the size of coupled inductor's core is reduced, and so the size and cost of presented converter will be decreased. Analysis of the proposed converter is provided with laboratory results to verify its performance.
Assessing the effectiveness of Landsat 8 chlorophyll a retrieval algorithms for regional freshwater monitoring
Authors: Boucher Jonah , Weathers Kathleen C. , Norouzi Hamid , Steele Bethel 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPredicting algal blooms has become a priority for scientists, municipalities, businesses, and citizens. Remote sensing offers solutions to the spatial and temporal challenges facing existing lake research and monitoring programs that rely primarily on high‐investment, in situ measurements. Techniques to remotely measure chlorophyll a (chl a) as a proxy for algal biomass have been limited to specific large water bodies in particular seasons and narrow chl a ranges. Thus, a first step toward prediction of algal blooms is generating regionally robust algorithms using in situ and remote sensing data. This study explores the relationship between in‐lake measured chl a data from Maine and New Hampshire, USA lakes and remotely sensed chl a retrieval algorithm outputs. Landsat 8 images were obtained and then processed after required atmospheric and radiometric corrections. Six previously developed algorithms were tested on a regional scale on 11 scenes from 2013 to 2015 covering 192 lakes. The best performing algorithm across data from both states had a 0.16 correlation coefficient (R2) and P ≤ 0.05 when Landsat 8 images within 5 d, and improved to R2 of 0.25 when data from Maine only were used. The strength of the correlation varied with the specificity of the time window in relation to the in‐situ sampling date, explaining up to 27% of the variation in the data across several scenes. Two previously published algorithms using Landsat 8's Bands 1–4 were best correlated with chl a, and for particular late‐summer scenes, they accounted for up to 69% of the variation in in‐situ measurements. A sensitivity analysis revealed that a longer time difference between in situ measurements and the satellite image increased uncertainty in the models, and an effect of the time of year on several indices was demonstrated. A regional model based on the best performing remote sensing algorithm was developed and was validated using independent in situ measurements and satellite images. These results suggest that, despite challenges including seasonal effects and low chl a thresholds, remote sensing could be an effective and accessible regional‐scale tool for chl a monitoring programs in lakes.
Network analysis of specific psychopathology and psychiatric symptoms in patients with eating disorders
Authors: Solmi Marco , Collantoni Enrico , Meneguzzo Paolo , Degortes Daniela , Tenconi Elena , Favaro Angela 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundNetwork analysis of psychiatric symptoms describes reciprocal relationships of individual symptoms, beyond categorical diagnoses. Those with eating disorders (EDs) frequently have complex patterns of comorbid symptoms and the transdiagnostic theory includes shared common core features across diagnoses. We aim to test whether general psychiatric symptoms comprise components of these transdiagnostic features.MethodsNetwork analysis was applied on 2068 patients with EDs (955 anorexia nervosa [AN], 813 bulimia nervosa [BN], and 300 binge‐eating disorder [BED]). All patients underwent clinical interviews and some self‐reported questionnaires, such as the Symptom Check‐List 90 (SCL‐90) to measure psychiatric symptoms, the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI) to measure ED‐specific symptoms, and the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ) for personality traits.ResultsAcross EDs and within each ED, SCL‐90 scores of depression, anxiety and interpersonal sensitivity, EDI ineffectiveness, interoceptive awareness, interpersonal distrust, and drive for thinness had high centrality. Notably, body mass index (BMI) and EDI bulimia played a central role when considering the whole group, whereas they did not in individual EDs.DiscussionThe shared centrality of identified nodes in both individual and merged groups supported the transdiagnostic theory of EDs (diagnoses share core ED features), with a central role of BMI. Moreover, the most central nodes were general psychiatric symptoms, interpersonal domain, and self‐efficacy. These findings suggest that—in addition to ED‐core symptoms and BMI—depressive and anxiety symptoms, interpersonal sensitivity and ineffectiveness may be important targets to provide effective treatments across AN, BN, and BED.
Associations between healthcare use and disordered eating among female veterans
Authors: Huston J. C. , Iverson K. M. , Mitchell K. S. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectiveIndividuals with eating disorders (EDs) have considerable medical and psychiatric comorbidity as well as increased healthcare use and associated costs. However, EDs remain largely undetected and understudied among veteran populations, and EDs are not routinely screened for or treated in Veterans Affairs (VA) medical settings. Research elucidating the links between disordered eating and VA and non‐VA healthcare use is needed to inform policy and practice for ED screening and treatment.MethodData regarding probable EDs and VA and non‐VA healthcare use was obtained through a mail survey of 198 female veterans receiving care from VA.ResultsA total of 21 participants (10.6%) met probable criteria for subthreshold anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or binge‐eating disorder. Negative binomial regression models revealed that female veterans with EDs reported higher frequency of VA mental healthcare use and substance use disorder treatment, above and beyond the association of comorbid PTSD and depression symptoms.DiscussionThese findings confirm the high probability that female veterans with EDs are utilizing significant VA mental health resources. Screening for EDs may be particularly important in VA medical and mental health settings.
A summary of reporting guidelines and evaluation domains for using single‐case experimental designs and recommendations for the study of eating disorders
Authors: De Young Kyle P. , Bottera Angeline R. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe insights and activities that regularly occur in clinical settings are an underutilized wellspring of potential scientific advances. Single‐case experimental designs (SCEDs) include a collection of methods for testing hypotheses in one individual (or a small number of individuals) at a time that are particularly well suited to clinical settings. Their strengths include their potential for maximizing both internal and external validity by way of tight experimental control over threats to internal validity and flexibility in application and inclusion criteria. Despite these advantages, the eating disorder field has not made use of SCEDs to a similar extent as other research areas, providing an opportunity for expansion. Recent advances in organizing SCED standards have resulted in the publication of two sets of reporting guidelines relevant to eating disorders research. These guidelines are integrated and summarized alongside descriptions of domains for evaluating their methodological rigor. Example research questions of potential interest to the eating disorder field are illustrated with SCEDs, and several issues to consider when using SCEDs in eating disorders research are described. It is recommended that researchers aiming to use SCEDs refer to this paper and the resources cited herein when designing and reporting their work. Finally, it is hoped that individuals with access to clinical samples use this paper as a source of inspiration for testing their unique clinical insights.
Needle in a haystack? A comparison of eDNA metabarcoding and targeted qPCR for detection of the great crested newt (Triturus cristatus)
Authors: Harper Lynsey R. , Lawson Handley Lori , Hahn Christoph , Boonham Neil , Rees Helen C. , Gough Kevin C. , Lewis Erin , Adams Ian P. , Brotherton Peter , Phillips Susanna , Hänfling Bernd 
Published: May 2018

AbstractEnvironmental DNA (eDNA) analysis is a rapid, cost‐effective, non‐invasive biodiversity monitoring tool which utilises DNA left behind in the environment by organisms for species detection. The method is used as a species‐specific survey tool for rare or invasive species across a broad range of ecosystems. Recently, eDNA and “metabarcoding” have been combined to describe whole communities rather than focusing on single target species. However, whether metabarcoding is as sensitive as targeted approaches for rare species detection remains to be evaluated. The great crested newt Triturus cristatus is a flagship pond species of international conservation concern and the first UK species to be routinely monitored using eDNA. We evaluate whether eDNA metabarcoding has comparable sensitivity to targeted real‐time quantitative PCR (qPCR) for T. cristatus detection. Extracted eDNA samples (N = 532) were screened for T. cristatus by qPCR and analysed for all vertebrate species using high‐throughput sequencing technology. With qPCR and a detection threshold of 1 of 12 positive qPCR replicates, newts were detected in 50% of ponds. Detection decreased to 32% when the threshold was increased to 4 of 12 positive qPCR replicates. With metabarcoding, newts were detected in 34% of ponds without a detection threshold, and in 28% of ponds when a threshold (0.028%) was applied. Therefore, qPCR provided greater detection than metabarcoding but metabarcoding detection with no threshold was equivalent to qPCR with a stringent detection threshold. The proportion of T. cristatus sequences in each sample was positively associated with the number of positive qPCR replicates (qPCR score) suggesting eDNA metabarcoding may be indicative of eDNA concentration. eDNA metabarcoding holds enormous potential for holistic biodiversity assessment and routine freshwater monitoring. We advocate this community approach to freshwater monitoring to guide management and conservation, whereby entire communities can be initially surveyed to best inform use of funding and time for species‐specific surveys.
Age‐ and quality‐dependent DNA methylation correlate with melanin‐based coloration in a wild bird
Authors: Soulsbury Carl D. , Lipponen Anssi , Wood Kristie , Mein Charles A. , Hoffman Joseph I. , Lebigre Christophe 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSecondary sexual trait expression can be influenced by fixed individual factors (such as genetic quality) as well as by dynamic factors (such as age and environmentally induced gene expression) that may be associated with variation in condition or quality. In particular, melanin‐based traits are known to relate to condition and there is a well‐characterized genetic pathway underpinning their expression. However, the mechanisms linking variable trait expression to genetic quality remain unclear. One plausible mechanism is that genetic quality could influence trait expression via differential methylation and differential gene expression. We therefore conducted a pilot study examining DNA methylation at a candidate gene (agouti‐related neuropeptide: AgRP) in the black grouse Lyrurus tetrix. We specifically tested whether CpG methylation covaries with age and multilocus heterozygosity (a proxy of genetic quality) and from there whether the expression of a melanin‐based ornament (ultraviolet‐blue chroma) correlates with DNA methylation. Consistent with expectations, we found clear evidence for age‐ and heterozygosity‐specific patterns of DNA methylation, with two CpG sites showing the greatest DNA methylation in highly heterozygous males at their peak age of reproduction. Furthermore, DNA methylation at three CpG sites was significantly positively correlated with ultraviolet‐blue chroma. Ours is the first study to our knowledge to document age‐ and quality‐dependent variation in DNA methylation and to show that dynamic sexual trait expression across the lifespan of an organism is associated with patterns of DNA methylation. Although we cannot demonstrate causality, our work provides empirical support for a mechanism that could potentially link key individual factors to variation in sexual trait expression in a wild vertebrate.
Past and potential future population dynamics of three grouse species using ecological and whole genome coalescent modeling
Authors: Kozma Radoslav , Lillie Mette , Benito Blas M. , Svenning Jens‐Christian , Höglund Jacob 
Published: May 2018

AbstractStudying demographic history of species provides insight into how the past has shaped the current levels of overall biodiversity and genetic composition of species, but also how these species may react to future perturbations. Here we investigated the demographic history of the willow grouse (Lagopus lagopus), rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta), and black grouse (Tetrao tetrix) through the Late Pleistocene using two complementary methods and whole genome data. Species distribution modeling (SDM) allowed us to estimate the total range size during the Last Interglacial (LIG) and Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) as well as to indicate potential population subdivisions. Pairwise Sequentially Markovian Coalescent (PSMC) allowed us to assess fluctuations in effective population size across the same period. Additionally, we usedSDMto forecast the effect of future climate change on the three species over the next 50 years. We found thatSDMpredicts the largest range size for the cold‐adapted willow grouse and rock ptarmigan during theLGM.PSMCcaptured intraspecific population dynamics within the last glacial period, such that the willow grouse and rock ptarmigan showed multiple bottlenecks signifying recolonization events following the termination of theLGM. We also see signals of population subdivision during the last glacial period in the black grouse, but more data are needed to strengthen this hypothesis. All three species are likely to experience range contractions under future warming, with the strongest effect on willow grouse and rock ptarmigan due to their limited potential for northward expansion. Overall, by combining these two modeling approaches, we have provided a multifaceted examination of the biogeography of these species and how they have responded to climate change in the past. These results help us understand how cold‐adapted species may respond to future climate changes.
Environmental predictors of dispersal traits across a species’ geographic range
Authors: LaRue Elizabeth A. , Holland Jeffrey D. , Emery Nancy C. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractVariation in habitat quality and quantity drive selection on dispersal traits in heterogeneous environments, but the extent to which environmental conditions predict geographic variation in dispersal is rarely evaluated. We assessed dispersal trait variation across the range of Cakile edentula var. lacustris, an annual herb that occupies beaches of the Great Lakes. Cakile edentula has dimorphic fruits that each contain one dispersive and one non‐dispersive seed. Previous work showed that plant height, branching density, and dispersive fruit wing‐loading can determine the distance that seeds disperse locally by wind, while pericarp thickness influences the distance they disperse by water. We tested if these traits vary predictably with latitude across the species’ geographic range, and if variation in dispersal characteristics can be predicted by the quality and quantity of habitat available at a site. We observed that the dispersive fruits from northern and southern populations had thinner pericarps than those from the interior of the species’ range, reflecting reduced long‐distance dispersal by water at both range limits. Plants at the northern range limit were shorter with less dense branching and lower wing‐loading than populations elsewhere in the range, suggesting that these populations have enhanced local wind dispersal. In contrast, southern populations exhibited traits with inconsistent effects on wind dispersal: plants tended to be short, which facilitates wind dispersal in C. edentula, but also had relatively higher branching density and distal segment wing‐loading that reduce wind dispersal. Geographic variation in maternal plant height and branching density was partially explained by variation in habitat quality, which declined at the species’ range limits. In addition, population differences in branching density, fruit wing‐loading, and pericarp thickness were predicted by the abundance and distribution of beach habitat. Finally, a common garden analysis recovered latitudinal patterns for the dispersal traits associated with fruits, but not those associated with maternal architecture. Thus, the geographic patterns of dispersal trait variation that we observed likely reflect responses to past selection by the distribution, abundance, and quality of habitat, strong plasticity in dispersal traits, and the effects dispersal itself has in shaping local adaptation by driving gene flow among populations.
PHARMacy‐based interdisciplinary program for patients with Chronic Heart Failure (PHARM‐CHF): rationale and design of a randomized controlled trial, and results of the pilot study
Authors: Laufs Ulrich , Griese‐Mammen Nina , Krueger Katrin , Wachter Angelika , Anker Stefan D. , Koehler Friedrich , Rettig‐Ewen Volker , Botermann Lea , Strauch Dorothea , Trenk Dietmar , Böhm Michael , Schulz Martin 
Published: May 2018

We report the rationale and design of a community PHARMacy‐based prospective randomized controlled interdisciplinary study for ambulatory patients with Chronic Heart Failure (PHARM‐CHF) and results of its pilot study. The pilot study randomized 50 patients to a pharmacy‐based intervention or usual care for 12 months. It demonstrated the feasibility of the design and showed reduced systolic blood pressure in the intervention group as indicator for improved medication adherence. The main study will randomize patients ≥60 years on stable pharmacotherapy including at least one diuretic and a history of heart failure hospitalization within 12 months. The intervention group will receive a medication review at baseline followed by regular dose dispensing of the medication, counselling regarding medication use and symptoms of heart failure. The control patients are unknown to the pharmacy and receive usual care. The primary efficacy endpoint is medication adherence, pre‐specified as a significant difference of the proportion of days covered between the intervention and control group within 365 days following randomization using pharmacy claims data for three CHF medications (angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers, beta‐blockers, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists). The primary composite safety endpoint is days lost due to blindly adjudicated unplanned cardiovascular hospitalizations or death. Overall, 248 patients shall be randomized. The minimum follow‐up is 12 months with an expected mean of 24 months. Based on the feasibility demonstrated in the pilot study, the randomized PHARM‐CHF trial will test whether an interdisciplinary pharmacy‐based intervention can safely improve medication adherence and will estimate the potential impact on clinical endpoints.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01692119.
Tuning in emotionally: Associations of cultural exposure with distal and proximal emotional fit in acculturating youth
Authors: Jasini Alba , De Leersnyder Jozefien , Phalet Karen , Mesquita Batja 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe more immigrant minorities are exposed to the majority culture, the more their emotional pattern fits that of majority culture members—a phenomenon termed emotional acculturation. To assess emotional fit, earlier studies compared minorities’ emotional experience with that of separate samples of “distant” majority members in their country of residence. We added “proximal” fit with the emotional experience of majority members in their social environment. Drawing on large random samples of immigrant minority and majority youth in Belgian high schools (N = 2,543), our study aimed (i) to test majority culture exposure and contact as predictors of emotional fit and (ii) to distinguish emotional fit with distal and proximal variants of majority culture. Minorities’ majority culture exposure predicted both distal and proximal emotional fit. In addition, contact with majority peers better predicted proximal fit. Our findings suggest that emotional acculturation is socially grounded in interactions with proximal majority members.