bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrically Tunable Liquid Photonic Crystals with Large Dielectric Contrast and Highly Saturated Structural Colors
Authors: Fu Qianqian , Zhu Huimin , Ge Jianping 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMonodisperse CeO2 and CeO2@SiO2 particles with controllable size and surface charge are synthesized on large scale by polyol and sol–gel reactions. These particles and the traditional SiO2 particles are dispersed in propylene carbonate to form three kinds of electrically tunable liquid photonic crystals (PCs). Due to the intrinsic relationship between the applied field strength and lattice constant, these liquid PCs show various structural colors across the visible spectrum under different electric fields. It is found that the large dielectric contrast between CeO2 or CeO2@SiO2 particles and propylene carbonate will render the liquid PC a wide photonic bandgap and highly saturated colors with little fading of reflection intensities in electric field, which address the problem of color fading for previous PCs with small dielectric contrast. Among them, only the CeO2@SiO2 based liquid PC simultaneously possesses broad tuning range and highly saturated colors in electric and angular tuning. Meanwhile, the highly dielectric particles also bring this liquid PC faster electrical response, more reproducible signals in on–off switching, and better stability for long‐time working. Based on this liquid PC, an electric cell array is fabricated to show dynamic pixel patterns under programmed electric field, which reveals its potentials for reflective‐mode display unit.
Genetic Tolerance to Rose Bengal Photodynamic Therapy and Antifungal Clinical Application for Onychomycosis
Authors: Houang Jessica , Perrone Gabriel G. , Pedrinazzi Christian , Longo Leonardo , Mawad Damia , Boughton Philip C. , Ruys Andrew J. , Lauto Antonio 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) with rose bengal has seen increasing use in clinical applications and has shown effective antifungal capacity in vitro. However, there is limited understanding of the effects of this emerging therapy at a genetic level. A rose bengal PDT screen using a green laser (λ = 532 nm) on the entire non‐essential gene library of the model organism, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and a subsequent pilot patient study (n = 6 patients) in the treatment of onychomycosis caused by Trichophyton rubrum is reported. Of the 4800 yeast strains screened, 482 sensitive and 175 resistant strains are identified. The key biochemical pathways found to be affected included ergosterol biosynthesis, vacuolar acidification, and purine/S‐adenosyl‐l‐methionine biosynthesis. The implications of these findings inform the clinical application of an optimized rose bengal PDT protocol involving nail treatment with a rose bengal solution (140 µm) and green light irradiation (fluence ≈763 J cm−2). All patients achieved complete cure within three to five treatment sessions in the absence of pain or other side effects. The outcome of the genetic screen may thus inform the development of more efficient clinical treatments using rose bengal PDT, as demonstrated in the successful treatment of onychomycosis.
Neonatologist performed point‐of‐care bowel ultrasound: Is the time right?
Authors: Priyadarshi Archana , Rogerson Sheryle , Hinder Murray , Tracy Mark 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIntroductionThis review acquaints neonatal clinicians using point‐of‐care ultrasound with a range of pathological bowel ultrasound findings, with the aim to promote utility of this skill as a diagnostic assessment tool in diseased neonatal intestinal states.OverviewA range of normal and pathological bowel ultrasound findings are illustrated with case examples from our neonatal intensive care unit. The technical challenges of lack of familiarity with sonographic appearance of bowel (healthy and diseased), occurrence of gas artefacts and requirements of high‐resolution linear transducer probes are described to allow the development of skills amongst neonatologists trained in point‐of‐care ultrasound. Plain abdominal radiography continues to remain the standard investigation to differentiate benign bowel states such as continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) belly syndrome in preterm infants from life‐threatening pathological intestinal states such as necrotising enterocolitis. Although plain radiography is the gold standard modality in the evaluation of neonatal diseased bowel states, real‐time point‐of‐care bowel ultrasound performed in conjunction can provide valuable information on bowel peristalsis, bowel wall thickness and bowel vascularity. Abnormal configuration of superior mesenteric vessels on colour Doppler can alert the clinician to the diagnosis of neonatal intestinal malrotation‐a time critical emergency.ConclusionFurther research is needed to explore true‐negative and true‐positive predictive values of bowel ultrasound. However, with expansion of knowledge, appropriate training of techniques, neonatologists will be able to enhance their diagnostic acumen by performing point‐of‐care bowel ultrasound in conjunction with plain radiography in the evaluation of broad array of neonatal intestinal states.
Multilayered epoxy/glass fiber felt composites with excellently acoustical and thermal insulation properties
Authors: Xue Bai , Xie Lan , Bao Yue , Zhang Junhua 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTIn this article, a series of epoxy composites consisting of multilayered ultra‐fine glass fiber felts (GFFs) were produced by a hand lay‐up process. The incorporation of GFFs greatly enhances the sound‐absorption and sound‐insulation properties of epoxy composites. It can be mainly attributed to great numbers of voids introduced into the matrix and the increasing interfacial area between glass fiber and epoxy resin, which is confirmed by scanning electron microscopy results. Furthermore, the thermal insulation performance of epoxy/glass fiber felt (EP/GFF) composites is continuously improved with the growing GFF layer, and meanwhile EP/GFF composites exhibit the satisfactory mechanical property. Such novel EP/GFF composites can serve as promising structural, heat‐insulated, and soundproof materials in many multifunctional systems including buildings, aircrafts, constructions, vehicles, etc. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 46935.
Influence of Halloysite Nanotube on Properties of Tire Tread Compounds Filled with Silica and Carbon Black Hybrid Filler
Authors: Thepsuwan Uthai , Sae‐oui Pongdhorn , Sirisinha Chakrit , Thaptong Puchong 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTProperties of solution styrene butadiene rubber (SSBR), based on passenger car tire tread formulation, filled with silica/carbon black/halloysite nanotube (SiO2/CB/HNT) hybrid filler were investigated. Effect of HNT was studied by partially replacing CB in the reference compound with 0–16 phr of HNT. With increasing HNT content, mechanical properties such as modulus, hardness, tensile strength, tear strength and abrasion resistance are impaired, due to the combination of low specific surface area of HNT (compared with CB), poor rubber‐HNT interaction and poor HNT dispersion. However, the partial replacement of CB with HNT leads to the improvement of wet grip and rolling resistance. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 46987.
An Anthraquinone/Carbon Fiber Composite as Cathode Material for Rechargeable Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Werner Daniel , Apaydin Dogukan H. , Portenkirchner Engelbert 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe Front Cover illustrates the concept of an all‐organic sodium‐ion battery, with n‐type organics as both the cathode and anode. The two‐electron redox reaction of anthraquinone in a sodium electrolyte system is depicted in the background. This reaction is exploited to fabricate an anthraquinone/carbon fiber composite cathode material for rechargeable sodium‐ion batteries. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/batt.201800057.
Structural safety referring to ultrasound on concrete bridges
Authors: Küttenbaum Stefan , Maack Stefan , Taffe Alexander 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMeasuring means knowing. The structural engineer's knowledge about structures is vitally important for the assessment of their structural safety. This contribution shows, how non‐destructive testing methods can be used to collect valuable information about existing structures. This value is expressed in this paper by the usability in probabilistic assessments and thus by the reliability of the information. The development of non‐destructive testing methods in civil‐engineering allows the realistic measurement and visualization of inner constructions of concrete components with a minimum of destructive interventions. The evaluation of the quality of measurement data is of fundamental importance for quantitative measurements in order to ensure the objectivity of testing and evaluation and to assess the reliability of the knowledge acquired. Both systematic and random deviations must be identified, quantified and taken into account to obtain statistically sound data. The focus of this contribution is on the methodical path, how displayed measurement data can be processed into reliable knowledge. It is not about developing assessment methods but about providing necessary knowledge to increase their operational usability.
The possibility of a statistical determination of characteristic shear parameters from triaxial tests
Authors: Schneider‐Muntau Barbara , Schranz Fabian , Fellin Wolfgang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe shear strength of soils, commonly represented in terms of friction angle and cohesion, is an important input parameter for all geotechnical calculations. It can be assessed in the laboratory for example by triaxial tests. From the laboratory test results, the characteristic values for friction angle and cohesion have to be determined – according to the standards – as conservative estimation of the mean value. Usually the shear strength is calculated as linear regression in the s‐t‐representation. This leads to slightly higher values than the evaluation in the more appropriate σ1‐σ2‐representation. Friction angle and cohesion are usually assumed to be statistically independent variables, resulting in unrealistically low characteristic shear strengths. Friction angle and cohesion are obviously correlated, since they are parameters of one linear regression. Confidence hyperbolas can be determined by taking into account the statistical dependency of friction angle and cohesion. A linearization of the confidence hyperbolas provides an upper and lower limit of the shear parameters. Typical examples are used to demonstrate the determination of the characteristic shear strength from the laboratory test results with the above mentioned approaches. Moreover we show, that the characteristic shear strength can be determined more precisely if more lateral stress levels (e.g. six) are performed instead of the conventional three levels.
Uncertainty of measurement and its influence on essential characteristics of post‐installed fasteners
Authors: Schwenn Michael , Zeman Oliver , Bergmeister Konrad 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTesting laboratories according to IS0 17025 have to define their uncertainty of measurement in conducting tests. This can be done either by exact calculation or by means of an accurate estimation. All relevant contributions to the measurement uncertainty may be considered in this estimation. For the testing of post‐installed mechanical fasteners in concrete the European Assessment Document EAD 33232 resp. Technical Report TR 048 also demands the fulfilment of the specifications according to ISO 17025 considering the uncertainty of measurement.In this contribution a specific model for testing laboratories in the field of fastenings is provided. Based on the concrete‐cone‐capacity model the contributions of measurement uncertainty for the determination of the failure tension load in concrete are defined. The mathematical derivation of the sensitivity factors for the influence on the measurement uncertainty is shown. By means of a simplified method a proposal for the determination of the measurement uncertainty of tension loads, depending on the uncertainty of the concrete basement and embedment depth, is given.
A novel probabilistic methodology for the local assessment of future trends of climatic actions
Authors: Croce Pietro , Formichi Paolo , Landi Filippo , Marsili Francesca 
Published: September 2018

AbstractClimate change could significantly affect climatic actions, so influencing not only existing structures, designed in accordance to the provisions of past Codes, but also updating of structural Codes. In the paper a new probabilistic technique for bias correction and downscaling of climate projections is presented to assess uncertainties in the future trends of climate extremes at the local scale. Referring to the relevant historical period, climate model outputs at relevant weather stations are compared with recorded daily series of maximum and minimum temperatures and water precipitations to derive appropriate monthly error probability density functions. Subsequently, new climate data series are generated by adding to the climate models output a random error term sampled from the monthly error PDFs. An extreme value analysis is finally carried out for each generated series according different time windows to assess how characteristic values (50 years return period) vary over time. The results for snow loads at the investigated weather stations confirm that the proposed methodology is suitable to reproduce recorded past climate extremes, so suggesting that it could be a useful tool to improve the climate change forecasts derived from climate models.
Polynomial chaos expansion for surrogate modelling: Theory and software
Authors: Novak Lukas , Novak Drahomir 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe paper is focused on the application of a surrogate model to reliability analysis. Despite recent advances in this field, the reliability analysis of complex non‐linear finite element models is still highly time‐consuming. Thus, the approximation of the non‐linear finite element model by a surrogate meta‐model is often the only choice if one wishes to perform a sufficient amount of simulations to enable reliability analysis. First, the basic theory of polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) is described, including the transformation of correlated random variables. The usage of the PCE for the estimation of statistical moments and sensitivity analysis is then presented. It can be done efficiently via the post‐processing of the employed surrogate model in explicit form without any additional computational demands. The possibility of utilizing the adaptive algorithm Least Angle Regression is also discussed. The implementation of the discussed theory into a software tool, and its application, are presented in the last part of the paper.
Analysis of Codman microcerebrospinal fluid shunt
Authors: Sandvig Axel , Arnell Kai , Malm Jan , Eklund Anders , Koskinen Lars‐Owe D. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIntroductionVentriculo‐peritoneal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt is the most common method of treating pediatric hydrocephalus. The Codman microadjustable valve (CMAV) is aCSFshunt constructed for children. The objective of the study was (a) to analyze complications after insertion of aCMAVshunt in hydrocephalic children, (b) to analyze complications after replacing aCMAVby an adult‐type Codman Hakim adjustable valve shunt (CHAV), and to (c) analyze the in vitro characteristics of theCMAVshunt and correlate the findings with the clinical performance of the shunt.MethodsA retrospective study analyzed a cohort of hydrocephalic children who had received aCMAVshunt and later replaced by aCHAVshunt. We report on the complications that resulted from replacing theCMAVwith theCHAV. We tested sixCMAVshunts with or without an antisiphon device (ASD) in which opening pressure, resistance, sensitivity to abdominal pressure,ASDposition dependency, and function were determined. The test results were correlated with the clinical performance of the shunt in the retrospective study.ResultsThirty‐seven children (19 boys, 18 girls) were identified. Within the first month after shunt placement, a total of 10 patients (27%) developed complications including infections, hygromas, and shunt dysfunction. Shunt survival varied from 1 week to 145 months. Over the 10‐year follow‐up period, 13 children had their shunts replaced, six of them with aCHAVwithout any further complications. A bench test of theCMAVwas done to test whether the opening pressure was in agreement with the manufacturer's specifications. Our results were generally in agreement with specifications stated by the manufacturer.ConclusionReplacing aCMAVwith aCHAVwas well tolerated by the patients. Bench test results were generally in agreement with manufacturers specifications. Replacing aCMAVwith aCHAVin pediatric hydrocephalus patients can be accomplished safely.
Prognostic impact of baseline and residual SYNTAX scores in cardiogenic shock
Authors: Javanainen Tuija , Sans‐Roselló Jordi , Harjola Veli‐Pekka , Nieminen Markku S. , Lassus Johan , Sionis Alessandro , Varpula Marjut , Jurkko Raija 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe aim was to assess the extent of coronary artery disease and revascularization using baseline SYNTAX Score (bSS) and residual SYNTAX Score (rSS) in patients with cardiogenic shock (CS) secondary to ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The prognostic impact of SYNTAX Score (SS) was evaluated and assessed for additive value over clinical risk scores.BackgroundbSS and rSS have been proven to be useful in risk stratification in stable coronary artery disease as well as in acute coronary syndromes, but they have not been studied in STEMI related CS.MethodsPatients from a multinational prospective study of CS were analyzed. The study population was divided into tertiles according to bSS. The Cox regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the predictive power of SS.ResultsOf the 61 studied patients, 85% were male and the mean age was 67 years. Median bSS was 22 (15–32) and rSS 7 (0–13). Ninety‐day mortality was 43%. bSS had negative prognostic value in multivariable analysis (HR 1.06, 95% CI 1.01–1.10). However, additive value over clinical risk scores was limited. rSS was not associated with mortality, whereas post‐percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) TIMI flow 3 of infarct‐related artery (IRA) predicted better survival.ConclusionsIn STEMI related CS, the added value of bSS and rSS over clinical assessment and risk scores is limited. Our results suggest that while immediate PCI in order to restore blood flow to the IRA is essential, deferring the treatment of residual lesions does not seem to be associated with worse prognosis.
Application of Waveform Relaxation in Distributed Process Co‐Simulation
Authors: Wack Thorsten , Schlüter Stefan , Hennig Torsten , Wagner Henning , Diekmann Andreas , Zheng Qinghua , Grundler Jonas 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn the Carbon2Chem® joint research project, mathematical models are involved to simulate operation scenarios of cross‐industrial networks, especially chemical plants implemented in a steel mill environment. In order to achieve an optimal model‐based system integration approach, a distributed co‐simulation environment is introduced. In particular this enables model suppliers and integrators to exchange co‐simulation units without having to disclose sensitive information and intellectual property. Here, the architecture and preliminary results of such an environment which is based on a classical waveform relaxation algorithm are described.
Oxygen Vacancy Engineering in Tin(IV) Oxide Based Anode Materials toward Advanced Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ma Dingtao , Li Yongliang , Zhang Peixin , Lin Zhiqun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA high theoretical capacity of approximately 1400 mA h g−1 makes SnO2 a promising anode material for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). However, large volume expansion, poor intrinsic conductivity, and sluggish reaction kinetics have greatly hindered its practical application. The controlled creation of oxygen vacancy (OV) defects allows the intrinsic properties of SnO2 to be effectively modulated, but related work concerning SIBs is still lacking. In this Minireview, the mechanism of failure of SnO2 electrodes is discussed and an overview of recent progress in the general synthesis of OV‐containing SnO2 materials and the feasible detection of OVs in SnO2 is presented. The use of OV‐containing SnO2‐based anode materials in SIBs is also reviewed. Finally, challenges and future opportunities to engineer OVs for semiconductor oxides are examined.
Prokineticin‐2 promotes chemotaxis and alternative A2 reactivity of astrocytes
Authors: Neal Matthew , Luo Jie , Harischandra Dilshan S. , Gordon Richard , Sarkar Souvarish , Jin Huajun , Anantharam Vellareddy , Désaubry Laurent , Kanthasamy Anumantha , Kanthasamy Arthi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAstrocyte reactivity is disease‐ and stimulus‐dependent, adopting either a proinflammatory A1 phenotype or a protective, anti‐inflammatory A2 phenotype. Recently, we demonstrated, using cell culture, animal models and human brain samples, that dopaminergic neurons produce and secrete higher levels of the chemokine‐like signaling protein Prokineticin‐2 (PK2) as a compensatory protective response against neurotoxic stress. As astrocytes express a high level of PK2 receptors, herein, we systematically characterize the role of PK2 in astrocyte structural and functional properties. PK2 treatment greatly induced astrocyte migration, which was accompanied by a shift in mitochondrial energy metabolism, a reduction in proinflammatory factors, and an increase in the antioxidant genes Arginase‐1 and Nrf2. Overexpression of PK2 in primary astrocytes or in the in vivo mouse brain induced the A2 astrocytic phenotype with upregulation of key protective genes and A2 reactivity markers including Arginase‐1 and Nrf2, PTX3, SPHK1, and TM4SF1. A small‐molecule PK2 agonist, IS20, not only mimicked the protective effect of PK2 in primary cultures, but also increased glutamate uptake by upregulating GLAST. Notably, IS20 blocked not only MPTP‐induced reductions in the A2 phenotypic markers SPHK1 and SCL10a6 but also elevation of the of A1 marker GBP2. Collectively, our results reveal that PK2 regulates a novel neuron‐astrocyte signaling mechanism by promoting an alternative A2 protective phenotype in astrocytes, which could be exploited for development of novel therapeutic strategies for PD and other related chronic neurodegenerative diseases. PK2 signals through its receptors on astrocytes and promotes directed chemotaxis. PK2‐induced astrocyte reactivity leads to an increase in antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory proteins while increasing glutamate uptake, along with decreased inflammatory factors. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.