bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐Resolution Local Measurements of F Region Ion Temperatures and Joule Heating Rates Using SuperDARN and Ground‐Based Optics
Authors: Kiene A. , Bristow W. A. , Conde M. G. , Hampton D. L. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractFrictional heating, frequently termed Joule heating, results from the difference in ion and neutral flows in the Earth's upper atmosphere and is a major energy sink for the coupled magnetosphere‐ionosphere‐thermosphere system. During disturbed geomagnetic conditions, energy input from the Earth's magnetosphere can strongly enhance ion velocities and densities, which will generally increase the rate of Joule heating. Previous theoretical and experimental studies have shown that small‐scale variations in Joule heating can be quite significant in the overall energy budget. In this study, we employ high‐resolution fitting of ion velocities obtained by Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) coherent scatter, along with spatially resolved neutral wind data from the Poker Flat Scanning Doppler Imager, to examine the spatial and temporal structure of F region ion temperature enhancements, as well as changes in Joule heating rates due to the neutral wind. These results are compared to those obtained using Poker Flat Incoherent Scatter Radar in order to assess the validity of this analysis, with the objective of developing a method that can be applied to any current or future neutral measurements worldwide, thanks to the global coverage of SuperDARN. We examine the agreement between the ion temperatures predicted using the Scanning Doppler Imager‐SuperDARN method and the temperatures measured directly by Poker Flat Incoherent Scatter Radar and discuss possible reasons for any discrepancies. We observe significant spatial structure in both the ion temperature and Joule heating rates during periods of magnetic activity.
Cytokine Thresholds in Gingival Crevicular Fluid with Potential Diagnosis of Chronic Periodontitis Differentiating by Smoking Status
Authors: Arias-Bujanda N. , Regueira-Iglesias A. , Alonso-Sampedro M. , González-Peteiro M. M. , Mira A. , Balsa-Castro C. , Tomás I. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe objective of the present study was to determine cytokine thresholds derived from predictive models for the diagnosis of chronic periodontitis, differentiating by smoking status. Seventy-five periodontally healthy controls and 75 subjects affected by chronic periodontitis were recruited. Sixteen mediators were measured in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) using multiplexed bead immunoassays. The models were obtained using binary logistic regression, distinguishing between non-smokers and smokers. The area under the curve (AUC) and numerous classification measures were obtained. Model curves were constructed graphically and the cytokine thresholds calculated for the values of maximum accuracy (ACC). There were three cytokine-based models and three cytokine ratio-based models, which presented with a bias-corrected AUC > 0.91 and > 0.83, respectively. These models were (cytokine thresholds in pg/ml for the median ACC using bootstrapping for smokers and non-smokers): IL1alpha (46099 and 65644); IL1beta (4732 and 5827); IL17A (11.03 and 17.13); IL1alpha/IL2 (4210 and 7118); IL1beta/IL2 (260 and 628); and IL17A/IL2 (0.810 and 1.919). IL1alpha, IL1beta and IL17A, and their ratios with IL2, are excellent diagnostic biomarkers in GCF for distinguishing periodontitis patients from periodontally healthy individuals. Cytokine thresholds in GCF with diagnostic potential are defined, showing that smokers have lower threshold values than non-smokers.
Modulation of benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis by overexpression berberine bridge enzyme in Macleaya cordata
Authors: Huang Peng , Liu Wei , Xu Min , Jiang Ruolan , Xia Liqiong , Wang Peng , Li Han , Tang Zhaoshan , Zheng Qiyin , Zeng Jianguo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMacleaya cordata produces a variety of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs), such as sanguinarine, protopine, and berberine, which are potential anticancer drugs and natural growth promoters. The genes encoding the berberine bridge enzyme (BBE) were isolated from M. cordata and Papaver somniferum, and then the two genes were overexpressed in M. cordata. Through liquid chromatography with triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry analysis, it was determined that McBBE-OX caused higher levels of (S)-norcoclaurine, (S)-coclaurine, (S)-N-cis-methylcoclaurine, (S)-reticuline, (S)-tetrahydrocolumbamine, (S)-tetrahydroberberine, (S)-cheilanthifoline, and (S)-scoulerine than PsBBE-OX, empty vector or control treatments. qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that the introduced genes in the transgenic lines were all highly expressed. However, the levels of sanguinarine (SAN) and chelerythrine (CHE) in all the transgenic lines were slightly lower than those in the wild-type lines, possibly because the overexpression of McBBE causes feedback-inhibition. This is the first report on the overexpression of potential key genes in M. cordata, and the findings are important for the design of metabolic engineering strategies that target BIAs biosynthesis.
Software analysis for the hydraulic calculation of storm-water drainage gravity-flow networks comprising electronic model development
Authors: Gromov Grigory , Ten Andrey , Khudyakova Darya 
Published: December 2018

In accordance with the Resolution of the Russian Federation Government N 782 “Concerning the Development of Water Supply and Wastewater Disposal Systems”, the development of surface run-off disposal systems comprising the electronic model, is a topical issue for the design and operation of wastewater disposal systems for the Russian settlements. In this context, the software used must provide making the hydraulic calculations for the gravity-flow systems of storm-water drainage networks. [1].
The analysis of Russian software [2-4] revealed the impossibility to develop electronic models and to make hydraulic calculations for the gravity-flow networks of storm-water drainage systems. In this connection, the possibilities offered by the foreign software products, which electronic models make it possible to carry out the required hydraulic calculations and to design surface run-off disposal systems, were studied [5,6]. This article contains the analysis of the European document BS EN 752:2008 [7] with regard to determining the flow of surface (storm-water) run-off, as well as the calculations made by the authors, which reveal that foreign software products are not applicable in Russia. Nevertheless, for the development of the electronic model for the hydraulic calculation of a storm-water drainage system, some mathematical relationship was found that most adequately characterizes the type of surface run-off hydrograph, most typically occurring on the territory of the Russian Federation in cases of atmospheric precipitation fallout. This relationship comprises the application of the RTK hydrograph method.
Reduction of territorial fire risks based on methods of active systems theory
Authors: Minaev Vladimir , Faddeev Alexander , Dao Tuan , Tuan Anh Phan 
Published: December 2018

Subject of the study: Models of relationships between specific index for the number of deaths and injuries in fires and specific load by fires are studied. A complex specific indicator (the number of deaths and injuries in fires) is formed. Thereupon, based on the principles of active systems theory, a target function for optimal territorial distribution of human resources of fire service in clusters – groups of homogeneous provinces in terms of fire risks – is constructed.
Goal of the study: The article is aimed at justifying and constructing complex criteria for optimal management of the human resources of the fire service.
Materials and methods: Methodological basis for fire risks assessment is the integral fire risks theory, and human resources management is the theory of active systems. The dynamics of fire risk indicators in Vietnam from 2006 to 2016 is considered.
Results: The optimal distribution of human resources allows a 10-12% reduction in the complex specific indicator of risks.
Conclusions: The obtained solutions make it possible to develop practical recommendations for authorities, industries, including construction industry, and fire service, on improving management of territorial human resources taking into account fire risks, enhancing legal and regulatory support for insurance in construction industry.
Cardiomyopathies and Congenital Heart Disease in Pregnancy
Authors: Westhoff-Bleck Mechthild , Hilfiker-Kleiner Denise , Pankuweit Sabine , Schieffer Bernhard 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPregnancy-associated diseases of the cardiovascular system occur in up to 10% of all pregnancies and the incidence is increasing. Besides congenital heart disease or pre-existing cardiomyopathy in the mother, the clinical focus has moved especially to peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) because of the conditionʼs dramatic clinical course and the identification of the underlying mechanisms. This review article concentrates therefore on PPCM, which occurs either in the last month of pregnancy or in the first 6 months following delivery in women with previously healthy hearts. The global incidence is estimated today at roughly 1 : 1000 pregnancies. The condition is heterogeneous, ranging from mild disease to severe acute heart failure with cardiogenic shock and sudden cardiac death of the mother. Important risk factors are pregnancy-associated hypertensive complications, multiple pregnancy and greater maternal age. The pathogenesis comprises cleavage, induced by increased oxidative stress, of the lactation hormone prolactin into a toxic hormone fragment that damages blood vessels, known as the 16-kDalton protein fragment. The lactation-blocking drug bromocriptine prevents prolactin release and promotes healing of PPCM in combination with pharmacological heart failure therapy; it appears to prevent recurrence in subsequent pregnancies. Uncomplicated pregnancy is possible in most patients with congenital heart disease. The foetal complications include an increased abortion rate, prematurity and smallness for gestational age, as well as an increased risk of cardiac malformations. The maternal risk comprises mainly arrhythmias, progressive heart failure and thrombembolic complications, with the risk of vessel dissection with a low mortality risk of < 1% in the case of aortopathies. Individual risk assessment and corresponding close monitoring of the pregnancy are required.
Organic production.
Authors: Soler A. , Reinhardt D. H. , Matos A. P. de , Pádua T. R. P. de 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

While there is a considerable body of published literature on organic farming, there is little dedicated to pineapple. A recent publication of note, La Piña, reviews organic production of pineapple. Also, Embrapa has recently made available recommendations for organic production of pineapple in Brazil based upon studies in the Chapada Diamantina region, a tropical highland of the State of Bahia. This chapter discusses the specifications and certifications for organic production of pineapple; the organic cultural systems, focusing on integrated pest, disease and weed management; spatial organization of the plots; plant nutrition; flower initiation; pre-harvest fruit treatments; harvesting; and postharvest systems. Organic production of pineapple is feasible but most easily on a small scale in a mixed cropping situation. Government, consumer and grower interest is, however, increasing and this can only help to encourage further research in this field.
Justice Speaks, but Who's Listening?
Authors: Hitt Matthew P. , Saunders Kyle L. , Scott Kevin M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe seek to measure the impact of decisions issued by the US Supreme Court on public awareness of its cases. We use a quasi-experimental design with the Court decisions as the stimulus of hypothesized public awareness change. We find that public awareness of cases varies according to individual differences: more educated, knowledgeable, and informationally motivated citizens are more likely to report awareness. Further, decision announcements increase awareness more generally, especially in cases of moderate salience. In contrast, for a very high salience case, awareness is high before and after the decision is announced, while, for a case fabricated by the investigators, “awareness” is not affected by the Court’s activities. The results suggest that while the public may eventually respond to the behavior of national institutions, this response is likely first filtered through an elite subset of the population.
The Enduring Relevance of Karl Marx
Authors: Prew Paul , Rotta Tomás , Smith Tony , Vidal Matt 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This chapter is the introduction to The Oxford Handbook of Karl Marx. It demonstrates the continuing applicability of Marx’s concepts and theories to understanding twenty-first century capitalism, its crises, and the historical development of human society across varying modes of production. It presents an intellectual biography linking the major moments in Marx’s life to his ideas and theories. The biography also gives insight into Marx’s approach to research by focusing more closely on the method he outlined in the Grundrisse. It demonstrates, among other things, that Marx continually revised his ideas in light of new evidence or theoretical understanding. The chapter concludes with brief summaries of the handbook’s contributions, paying specific attention to the ongoing relevance of each chapter to societal concerns. While the introduction introduces the reader to the varied chapters in the handbook, it goes beyond mere summary to provide fresh insight into Marx’s life, work, and promise.
Manufacturing Growth and Structural Change in American Economic History
Authors: Lee Changkeun , Rhode Paul W. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Over past 200 years, industrialization was the driving force in the economic development of most nations experiencing “modern economic growth.” Industrial activity generally expanded faster than the economy as a whole, and the sector grew to account for sizable shares of output, employment, and trade. Manufacturing activities have generally experienced faster rates of productivity growth than the economy as a whole and the sector has often paid higher labor wages. Manufacturing also contributes materiel and technology for military purposes. For these reasons, policymakers and the public have long viewed manufacturing as being of greater importance than other activities. This chapter surveys growth and structural change in the American manufacturing sector over the past 200 years. It chronicles the sector’s transformation during the first (1810–1860), second (1870–1920), and third (1970–present) industrial revolutions. It examines the forces, such as globalization, information technologies, and deindustrialization, shaping the sector today.
Antitrust and Regulation in American Economic History
Authors: Kaiser Brooks 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Over the course of American history and economic development, market activity and the systems underlying and governing this activity have coevolved to address the changing fundamentals of human interactions within the marketplace and beyond. The growth of the American economy and its regulation are deeply intertwined. This chapter discusses these coevolutionary forces in the context of the development of American antitrust laws and the expanding reach of government regulation throughout American economic history. Antitrust and regulation are addressed together because they complement each other in their ability to address ex-ante incentives, primarily through regulation, and ex-post corrections and adjustments, primarily through antitrust suits and related legislative action, that may in turn result in new regulation. The chapter focuses on government regulation of industry in two arenas: price and entry regulation with market power (antitrust issues), and regulation of other market failures, especially environmental, health, occupational safety, and product quality regulation.
Introduction
Authors: Meibauer Jörg 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBased on a thorough review of recent literature on lying and deception, the introduction gives accessible answers to five basic research questions. For the first question—how can lying be defined?—it considers definitions of lying given in the philosophy of language and in linguistics. For the second question—how can lying be detected?—it addresses psychological research on detection of lying. Psychology and neuroscience are the most important disciplines with respect to the third question, concerning the processing of lying. The fourth question—how is lying acquired?—is dealt with in psycholinguistics. Finally, the ethical question of lying—how is lying evaluated?—is discussed. Since answers to these questions are typically given by linguistics, philosophy, and psychology, the chapter suggests that an integrative approach to lying will be drawing heavily on these disciplines.
Lying and Computational Linguistics
Authors: van Deemter Kees , Reiter Ehud 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis chapter espouses an engineering perspective on lying, showing how various departures from the truth arise naturally when computers talk about data. We start by explaining how Natural Language Generation (NLG) systems work when they talk about data. Then we discuss how, perhaps surprisingly, such systems cannot help deviating from the truth in two different ways, namely, by omitting information, and by generating statements whose truth is questionable; we illustrate our account with examples from practical NLG systems. Next, we discuss briefly why NLG systems should arguably deviate from the truth in other, more deliberate ways as well, after which we sketch a simple game-theoretical model that can help to explain our observations. We conclude by summing up what the engineering view tells us about lying, whether it is people or computers that take the floor.
Linguistic Approaches to Lying and Deception
Authors: Hardin Karol J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis chapter examines approaches to lying and deception within a linguistic framework by studying lying as it relates to phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics. It details empirical research on linguistic cues to lying, the emergence of lying, and attitudes to lies in different cultures. Both intercultural and cross-cultural studies are included, most of which contrast English with other languages. Coleman and Kay’s seminal work on the semantics of lying and replication studies in Arabic and Spanish are of particular interest. Finally, applied research in various discourse genres such as media language, politics and propaganda, and online discourse are presented. The chapter demonstrates how lying is a pragmalinguistic and sociolinguistic phenomenon that is best understood through empirical studies, ones providing insights into lying in real-life language situations.
Lying, Deception, and the Brain
Authors: Decker Alexa , Disney Amanda , D'elia Brianna , Keenan Julian P. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDeception is a common behavioral phenotype across species. Homo sapiens deceive at an excessive rate and in a manner that is truly unique. While the neural correlates for deception are fairly well known, larger questions remain, such as when did these neural networks emerge, and did deception have anything to do with the emergence of these specific neural substrates? Furthermore, little is known about the neural substrates of self-deception and the evolution of these networks. The summary of our knowledge is presented, with a strong emphasis on the social and metacognitive pressures that deception has put on human evolution. Future research possibilities are also discussed.
Lying, Belief, and Knowledge
Authors: Benton Matthew A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWhat is the relationship between lying, belief, and knowledge? Most philosophical accounts of lying define it in terms of belief, namely telling someone something that one believes to be false, often with the intent to deceive. This chapter develops a novel account of lying by deriving evaluative dimensions of responsibility from the knowledge norm of assertion. On these dimensions, we can distinguish reasonable assertions, negligent assertions, and vicious assertions. On the definition of lying defended here, lies are best understood as special cases of vicious assertion; thus lying is the anti-paradigm of proper assertion. This enables an account of lying in terms of knowledge rather than belief: roughly, lying is telling someone something you know ain’t so.
Technique of Fractionated Transcatheter Arterial Embolization for Treating Large Arteriovenous Malformation in Brain Functional Area
Authors: Ma Jun , Lu Hua , Wu Wei , Li Zheng , Wang Xiefeng , Zhu Haifeng , Liu Ning 
Published: December 2018

Objective:
At present, large cranial function area arteriovenous malformation (fAVM) is mainly treated by craniotomy with a high risk of operation and high disability. In recent years, with the continuous improvement of the neural intervention technology, fractionated transcatheter arterial embolization (fTAE) may be used to treat the fAVM instead of surgical treatment. However, its effectiveness for treating fAVM has never been explored. The authors hypothesized that fTAE can be effective in the treatment of fTAE.

Methods:
A retrospective study was conducted in 229 cases of large fAVM in multicenter hospitals. Among them, 103 cases were performed fTAE and the other 126 cases were carried on minimally invasive craniotomy (MIC). Clinically relevant symptomatic improvement and complications were compared between 2 groups.

Results:
Complete resection rate of arteriovenous malformation in MIC group (100%) was significantly higher than that of complete embolization rate in fTAE group (77.7%) (P = 0.000). However, the incidence of postoperative complications includes decreased limb muscle strength (P = 0.001), sensory loss of extremities (P = 0.003), visual field defect (P = 0.025) that were lower in fTAE group and remission rate of headache (P = 0.012) but not epilepsy (P = 0.952) was higher in fTAE group compared with that in MIC group. After 1 year follow-up, the rebleeding rate in the fTAE treatment group was 4.85%, higher than that in MIC group (0%) (P = 0.000).

Conclusions:
Fractionated transcatheter arterial embolization therapy is beneficial for reducing the postoperative complications and preoperative symptoms of fAVM, but not for recurrence rate.
Septoplasty Under Local Anesthesia
Authors: Obradovic Bojan 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Septoplasty is usually performed under general anesthesia or local anesthesia with sedation. Nevertheless, septoplasty under pure local anesthesia is also feasible and it shows a great potential for fast-track surgery. This article presents a patient with nasal septal deviation where septoplasty was managed under local anesthesia at an outpatient clinic. Treatment and postoperative period were routine. Septoplasty under local anesthesia showed a great potential in adequately selected patient.