bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physicochemical and Microbiological Stability of Ursodiol Oral Compounded Suspensions
Authors: Ip Kendice , Davis Courtaney , Iqbal Zainab , McCarthy Jennifer , White Andrea , Day A. J. , Urwin Craig , Carvalho Maria 
Published: December 2024

OBJECTIVE
In the United States, ursodiol is commercially available as solid dosage forms, which represents a problem for children who cannot swallow capsules or tablets. There is a lack of an age-appropriate formulation for ursodiol, and the extemporaneous preparation of an oral suspension with an extended beyond-use-date (BUD) may represent a good therapeutic alternative for the pediatric population. However, all pharmacists need validated stability studies to prepare oral liquids with high quality and safety.

METHODS
Oral compounded suspensions for ursodiol 20 to 60 mg/mL were prepared by adding the contents of ursodiol 300-mg commercial capsules (Actavis, KVK Tech, and Mylan) to a proprietary oral suspending vehicle. The BUD of the oral compounded suspensions was determined by using a valid, stability-indicating analytical method. The physical characterization consisted of observing all samples for appearance and color, and testing for pH. Microbiological stability testing followed the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Chapter 51: Antimicrobial Effectiveness Testing.

RESULTS
The ursodiol oral compounded suspensions exhibited a homogeneous white color and the pH did not change significantly. The potency of the oral suspensions remained within ±10% of the specifications. Considering the microbiological characterization, there was no growth of challenge microorganisms throughout the study for all samples.

CONCLUSION
This study demonstrates that ursodiol (Actavis, KVK Tech, and Mylan) is physically, chemically, and microbiologically stable in the oral suspending vehicle at room temperature for up to 6 months.
Safety of Short-Term Parenteral Nutrition Administration Through Umbilical Artery Catheters in Neonates While in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Christensen Michael L. , Abbruzese Lucas , Herrera Oscar , Weems Mark F. 
Published: December 2024

OBJECTIVE
The use of umbilical artery catheters (UACs) for parenteral nutrition (PN) administration is controversial, and limited data exist on the safety of administration through this route. The objective of this research is to evaluate neonates who received PN through a UAC and assess catheter-related complications and PN composition.

METHODS
This retrospective study evaluated all neonates who received PN through their UAC while admitted in the neonatal intensive care unit between January 2019 and December 2022. Neonates were evaluated for development of catheter-related complications such as infiltration, extravasation, thrombus formation, infection, or hypertension.

RESULTS
The administration of PN through UAC was identified in 31 neonates. Among the 31 neonates, 17 (55%) were classified as preterm, and 15 (48%) were classified as low birth weight. No patient experienced a UAC-related complication. Death occurred among 7 (23%) neonates. Two deaths occurred while the neonates were receiving PN via the UAC, but neither death was attributed to UAC complications. In 19 (61%) of the 31 neonates, osmolarity of PN exceeded 900 mOsm/L.

CONCLUSIONS
Results of this study suggest that UACs may serve as a safe route for PN administration in neonates. The absence of catheter-related complications and the absence of adverse events support the safety of this approach. Further research with a larger sample size and rigorous study design is warranted to validate these findings and establish guidelines for the use of UACs in PN administration.
Comparison of Adverse Effect Profiles of Nafcillin and Oxacillin in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Warring Shelby R. , Biggs Jessica M. , Morgan Jill A. , Parbuoni Kristine A. 
Published: December 2024

OBJECTIVE
Data comparing the safety profiles of nafcillin and oxacillin are limited in the pediatric patient setting. This study was conducted to compare adverse effect profiles of nafcillin and oxacillin.

METHODS
This was a single center retrospective study including patients admitted to a children’s hospital who received either nafcillin or oxacillin. Patients were excluded if they were older than 18 years or if therapy duration was less than 48 hours. The primary objective was to compare the cumulative sum of adverse effects of nafcillin to oxacillin, including incidence of hypokalemia, nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, neutropenia, infusion-related reactions, loss of intravenous access, and early discontinuation of therapy. Secondary endpoints included comparison of the incidence of each adverse effect collected.

RESULTS
Fifty-three patient encounters (representing 46 patients) were included, with 17 patients receiving nafcillin and 36 patients receiving oxacillin. There was no difference between the cumulative sum of adverse effects for nafcillin (n = 16) and oxacillin (n = 45), p = 1. Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurred with both nafcillin and oxacillin at similar rates (21% vs 30%; p = 0.72), as well as hypokalemia for both nafcillin and oxacillin (50% vs 43%; p = 0.46). All but 1 patient who experienced AKI were receiving other nephrotoxin(s) during therapy. Changes in liver transaminases were not significant for either drug. A significant decline in median absolute neutrophil count was noted from pre to post treatment with oxacillin (8400 to 6000 cells/µL; p = 0.002).

CONCLUSIONS
Our study found no significant difference in adverse effects of nafcillin and oxacillin. Both treatment groups experienced AKI and hypokalemia. Larger studies are needed to determine if one drug is safer than the other.
A CRITICAL REVIEW OF HISTORICAL, POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND GLOBAL INFLUENCES ON HEALTH SECTOR REFORMS IN PAKISTAN
Authors: Muhammad Arif  
Published: December 2024

Background: This paper analyzed historical, political, economic, social and global influences on the health sector reforms in Pakistan.Material & MethodsThe article is based on a critical analysis of secondary data from the public domain as well as from international development agencies. It also draws from scholarly articles about the experiences of health sector reforms carried out in other countries.ResultsHistorically, ever since the independence of Pakistan, the actual power remained in the hands of elite class, therefore, no meaningfulreforms were introduced in the basic socio-political structure of the Pakistani society. Financially, due to high debt burden and the huge military expenditure, the state is shifting its traditional responsibility of providing health services to its masses to the private sector leading to further marginalization of poor and the disadvantaged. Furthermore, social issues such as rapid population growth,unplanned urbanization and emergence of mega cities are putting further pressure on already constrained resources and infrastructure and therefore are a reason and future challenge for health sector reforms in Pakistan.ConclusionsTwo important conclusions can be drawn. One, any reform introduced for the improvement of health status of Pakistani population tosucceed, needs to consider the complex socio-political structure of the society. Second, all the historical, political, economic, social, andglobal factors discussed in this paper reinforces the need for major health sector reforms in Pakistan and it also demonstrates theconstraints that the system must overcome in order to initiate any meaningful change
Parámetros hematológicos y bioquímicos en la infección por SARS-CoV-2 en pacientes atendidos en el centro de salud jipijapa
Authors: Villacreses Ruiz Valery Dayanara , Castro-Jalca Jazmin , Manrique Gómez Christian Javier 
Published: December 2024

La enfermedad por COVID-19 es causada por el SARS-CoV-2, un virus de ARN monocatenario patógeno y altamente transmisible. Pasó rápidamente de una epidemia a una pandemia mundial propagándose a niveles alarmantes. La infección por SARS-CoV-2 afecta significativamente el sistema respiratorio, pero puede involucrar otros sistemas, incluido el sistema hematopoyético y la homeostasis, además de provocar varias alteraciones en los parámetros hematológicos y bioquímicos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo general identificar variaciones en parámetros hematológicos y bioquímicos en la infección por SARS-CoV-2 en pacientes atendidos en el Centro de Salud Jipijapa, la metodología se basó en un diseño descriptivo transversal, utilizando una muestra de 306 pacientes diagnosticados con SARS-CoV-2. En los resultados se observaron alteraciones hematológicas como niveles bajos de hemoglobina, leucocitosis, linfopenia, neutrofilia y trombocitopenia, en los parámetros bioquímicos se observaron alteraciones en la glucosa y las enzimas hepáticas. La LDH y la PCR de igual manera presentaron valores por encima del rango normal. Estas variaciones fueron más significativas en el grupo de pacientes positivos para SARS-CoV-2 (p<0,05). En conclusion los resultados de este estudio destacan la importancia de monitorizar estos parámetros en los pacientes infectados por este virus, ya que pueden ser considerados como indicadores de progression y gravedad de la enfermedad.
ANÁLISE ALOMÉTRICA ENTRE FADIGA MENTAL E TRABALHO MECÂNICO
Authors: Goebel Andreina Eloyse , Tartaruga Marcus P. 
Published: December 2024

INTRODUÇÃO: A análise do desempenho tem despertado o interesse no que se refere a mecânica da locomoção humana, em especial, ao trabalho mecânico total (Wtot) - determinado pela soma dos trabalhos mecânicos interno (Wint) e externo (Wext) (ZAMPARO, e col. 2019). Na prática esportiva, estudos têm verificado a necessidade de utilizar valores diferentes como coeficientes para a determinação do percentual a ser considerado da massa corporal total no cálculo do Wtot. A escala alométrica é um exemplo. Ela é representada por uma equação de regressão que indica o comportamento de uma variável fisiológica “Y” em relação a variável massa “X” (Y = aXb) (TARTARUGA e col., 2013). Embora a literatura tenha demonstrado evidências científicas dos efeitos negativos da FM para com o desempenho cognitivo e esportivo, o comportamento do Wtot em corredores de longa-distância não tem sido investigado em tal situação de fadiga quando aplicada a alometria. Portanto o presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar, alometricamente, a relação entre fadiga mental (FM) e trabalho mecânico total (Wtot) de corredores recreacionais de longa-distância. MÉTODOS: A amostra foi constituída por quinze mulheres, com mais de dois anos de experiência em provas de 10 km. Todas as participantes foram submetidas a dois testes de Economia de Corrida realizados, randomicamente, sem e com fadiga mental (FM) induzida através de uma tarefa cognitiva de esforço (Stroop Task) de 30 min. Foi realizado o teste de Shapiro-Wilk para a verificação da normalidade dos dados, teste T de Students para amostras dependentes e o teste comparativo não paramétrico Wilcoxon. O índice de significância adotado foi de 0,05 no programa estatístico Statistical Package for the Social Sciences – SPSS (IBM, USA). RESULTADOS: Não foram verificadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas no Wtot, sem e com FM, apesar do efeito cognitivo significativo induzido pelo Stroop Task de 30 min. Alometricamente, os resultados do nosso estudo também não demonstraram alterações significativas quando comparado o Wtot com e sem FM. É provável que estes resultados estejam relacionados aos valores homogêneos verificados nos nossos parâmetros de massa corporal e VO2máx - próximos de 10%. Segundo Tartaruga e col. (2010), comportamentos homogêneos intersujeitos da massa corporal e do VO2máx resultam em elevados valores exponenciais alométricos (<0,9) diminuindo, assim, o efeito de prováveis diferenças na potência metabólica máxima, o que justifica o uso deste procedimento para amostras heterogêneas. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: O presente estudo permite concluir que 30 min de esforço mental para induzir a FM parece não afetar significativamente as respostas fisiomecânicas de corredoras de 10 km, sugerindo-se uma possível estratégia de enfrentamento individual advinda da experiência esportiva.
EFEITO AGUDO DA ESTIMULAÇÃO ANÓDICA CEREBELAR POR CORRENTE CONTÍNUA (ETCC) NO CONTROLE POSTURAL DE ADULTOS JOVENS SAUDÁVEIS
Authors: Malysz Taís , Cusella De Angelis Maria Grabriella , Borba Edilson Fernando , Palma Natalia Rocha , Ivaniski Mello André , Buzzachera Cosme Franklim , Peyrè-Tartaruga Leonardo Alexandre 
Published: December 2024

INTRODUÇÃO: Embora o efeito agudo da estimulação transcraniana por corrente contínua (ETCC) esteja bem documentado em pacientes, pouco ainda se sabe se a ETCC pode alterar o controle postural de participantes adultos jovens,ativos e saudáveis. OBJETIVO: avaliar os efeitos agudos da ETCC anódica cerebelar no controle postural de adultos jovens. MÉTODOS: foram avaliados dezessete estudantes universitários ativos (9 mulheres, 22±3 anos, 22,7±2,4 Kg/m2; 8 homens, 23±1,2 anos, 22,8±4,8 Kg/m2) testados em duas ocasiões distintas (intervalo de 15 dias) no laboratório para condição de estimulação cerebelar (2 mA; Microstim tDCS; NKL-Electronic Products; 20 minutos) e sham (placebo). Os participantes concordaram em participar do ensaio clinico (NCT06109727) e assinaram TCLE. O controle postural foi avaliado antes e após a estimulação, medindo os deslocamentos do Centro de Pressão (CoP) em uma plataforma de força durante a postura unipodal em membro inferior dominante e com olhos fechados. Os dados foram analisados através do GEE (modelo de Equações de Estimativas Generalizadas) através SPSS (p<0,05). RESULTADOS: Após a estimulação cerebelar, foram observadas diminuições significativas na área da elipse do CoP (de 68,8 ± 65,19 cm2 para 33,03 ± 33,25 cm2, P = 0,03) e RMS ('Root Mean Square') médio-lateral (de 2,1±2,3 cm a 1,33±1,12 cm, P = 0,03). Adicionalmente houve aumento da frequência médio-lateral de 0,84±0,23 para 0,99±0,25 Hz, (P<0,001). Não foram identificadas alterações significativas em outras variáveis do CoP e após estimulação simulada. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: Esses resultados mostraram um efeito agudo no equilíbrio corporal de adultos jovens e fisicamente ativos imediatamente após intervenção de ETCC cerebelar.
Perancangan Sistem Informasi Proyek Berbasis Web Untuk Meningkatkan Kinerja Antar Divisi
Authors: Irawan Dimas , Yudi Darmawan Eko , Elmansius Zebua Eduard , Haryono Wasis 
Published: December 2024

Pada era digital, perusahaan membutuhkan sistem efisien untuk mengelola dan memantau proses kerja di berbagai divisi. Penelitian ini merancang aplikasi berbasis web bernama "SIG TRACKING PROJECT" yang memungkinkan pemantauan tugas oleh beberapa divisi dalam satu alur kerja terpadu. Aplikasi ini menggunakan PHP, XAMPP, HTML, dan CSS dengan framework "AdminLTE", memudahkan pengembangan dan kustomisasi. Metode pengembangan mengikuti pendekatan Waterfall, dengan tahapan analisis kebutuhan, desain, implementasi, pengujian, hingga pemeliharaan. Sistem ini mencakup enam divisi utama: Administrasi, Penilai, Reviewer, Direksi, Keuangan, dan Pengiriman, dengan peran dan akses spesifik untuk setiap divisi. Dilengkapi fitur autentikasi untuk keamanan dan pengelolaan data, sistem memastikan setiap divisi hanya mengakses modul yang relevan. Dashboard menampilkan status proyek, baik sedang berjalan, selesai, maupun keseluruhan, memudahkan perusahaan melacak dan mengelola proses lebih efisien. Aplikasi ini mendukung peningkatan koordinasi antar divisi, mempercepat alur kerja, dan memastikan proyek selesai tepat waktu. Pada akhirnya, sistem ini meningkatkan transparansi, efisiensi, dan kepuasan pelanggan.

In the digital era, companies require efficient systems to manage and monitor workflows across various divisions. This study designs a web-based application named "SIG TRACKING PROJECT," which enables task monitoring by multiple divisions within an integrated workflow. The application utilizes PHP, XAMPP, HTML, and CSS with the "AdminLTE" framework, facilitating development and customization. The development method follows the Waterfall approach, with stages including requirements analysis, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. The system covers six main divisions: Administration, Evaluator, Reviewer, Board of Directors, Finance, and Delivery, with specific roles and access for each division. Equipped with authentication features to ensure security and data management, the system restricts each division to access only relevant modules. The dashboard displays project statuses, including ongoing, completed, and overall progress, allowing companies to efficiently track and manage processes. This application enhances coordination among divisions, accelerates workflows, and ensures projects are completed on time. Ultimately, the system improves transparency, efficiency, and customer satisfaction.
RELEVANCE OF ICT-RELATED INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN THE TEACHING OF ISLAMIC STUDIES
Authors: DR. AMINU MALAM YAKUBU UMAR  
Published: December 2024

Islamic Education is as old as Islam itself because right from inception, it emphasizes the need to acquire education regardless of distance or source once such knowledge is considered lawful and a person is not expected to perform any religious functions unless he is fully aware of its legal injunctions. Hence, it is not a matter of coincidence that Islam and Islamic education go together. Islamic Education is a vast and continuous process for all ages. As an old institution, Islamic Education has passed through ages and stages from the Prophetic era to date in terms of development. On the other hand, through advancements in science and technology, modern man has turned the world into a global village and through advancement is Information and Communication Technology, information is disseminated far and wide within the shortest period. Since Islam does not oppose any modern inventions that are beneficial to mankind and since information and communication technological inventions can be used for either good or bad, this paper intends to identify the relevance of ICT-related instructional materials in the teaching of Islamic Studies. The paper however recommends among others, that Islamic studies teachers need to equip themselves with the knowledge of information and Communication technology which acts as the most powerful tools of instruction.
Secondary School Students’ Critical Thinking Ability as Correlate of their Academic Achievement in Biology in Awka Education Zone, Nigeria
Authors: NWUBA Izunna Shedrack , EGWU Sussan Onyebuchi , AWOSIKA Opeyemi Fadekemi , OSUAFOR Abigail Mgboyibo 
Published: December 2024

Aim of the Study: The goal of the study was to determine the association between secondary school students' biology academic accomplishment in the Awka Education Zone and their capacity for critical thought. The study was directed by three research questions and three null hypotheses that were assessed for significance at the 0.05 level.
Methods: The study adopted a correlational survey research design. 4755 senior secondary year two (SS2) students constituted the population of the study. Random sampling technique was employed to compose the sample size of (N= 523) SS2 students used in the study. Two instruments, adapted Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (WGCTA) validated by three experts and with a reliability coefficient of 0.71 obtained using Kuder-Richardson formula 21 (KR-21) and Students Achievement Score Proforma in Biology (SASPB), were used for data collection. In order to answer the study questions, data obtained from the respondents with the assistance of two research assistants was analysed using Pearson Product Moment, and t-test for correlation was used to test the null hypotheses.
Findings: The study's conclusions showed a strong correlation between secondary school students' biology academic success and their capacity for critical thought. The study also showed that although there is a statistically significant association for both groups of students, it is more favourable for female students than for male students.
Conclusion: The study came to the conclusion that, regardless of gender, there is a substantial correlation between secondary school pupils' capacity for critical thought and their academic success in biology. Hence, it was recommended among others that biology teachers should adopt innovative approaches in the learning process to foster and promote critical thinking ability of students in schools as this will help improve their academic achievement in biology.
Acceptability and Feasibility of the English Version of Elevida, a Self-Guided Online Fatigue Intervention for People With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Lane Jo , Poyser Carmel , Zhao Yixuan , Lucas Robyn M. , Meyer Björn , Heesen Christoph , Cherbuin Nicolas , Brüstle Anne , Macqueen Susy , Richardson Alice , Lueck Christian , Gold Stefan M. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:
Fatigue is common in multiple sclerosis (MS); it significantly impairs quality of life, and treatment options are limited. A randomized controlled trial of Elevida, a self-guided, online German fatigue intervention, showed significant benefit. We tested an English version of Elevida with people with MS in Australia.

METHODS:
Participants were volunteers with MS who self-reported at least mild fatigue (≥ 43 on the Fatigue Scale for Motor and Cognitive Functions scale), some mobility (Expanded Disability Status Scale &lt; 8), and no or mild cognitive difficulties (≤ 32 on the Multiple Sclerosis Neuropsychological Questionnaire). Participants completed the 9-week English Elevida program, commenting on and rating its acceptability. The Chalder Fatigue Scale was completed at baseline, end-of-program, and 2 months later. We undertook qualitative (thematic analysis) and quantitative (before/after differences, tested using paired t test) analyses.

RESULTS:
Thirty-eight people with MS expressed an interest in the study; 26 were eligible; 20 began the study. Fifteen participants (75%) completed the program (mean [SD]: 58.9 [10.5] years of age, 67% women, 9 with relapsing MS, 6 with progressive MS). Over 90% of completing participants rated acceptability as good or very good, and approximately 70% found the program helpful. Three themes were identified: Positive or negative comments on program features, incorrect assumptions in program content, and personal experiences and reflections. Significant improvement (P &lt; .01) in fatigue scores from baseline to program completion was maintained 2 months after program completion.

CONCLUSIONS:
Elevida was acceptable and effective for MS-related fatigue. Identified themes will guide further development of the program to satisfy users’ sense of autonomy, competence, and relatedness.
Study on the visibility of the lateral line of stairway edges in low illuminance environments of visually challenged persons
Authors: Iwata Michico , Kitamoto Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to provide data that will help to create a safe stairway system for barrier‐free design. This study targets visually challenged persons. Within this context, the authors of this study have sought to evaluate the visibility of linear lines on the edges of stair treads. The authors examined the reasonable contrasts of linear lines and stair treads for their visibility from the top of the stairs. In addition, this study determined the optimum levels of contrast for such design with regard to two target groups.