bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drug repositioning in epilepsy reveals novel antiseizure candidates
Authors: Brueggeman Leo , Sturgeon Morgan L. , Martin Russell M. , Grossbach Andrew J. , Nagahama Yasunori , Zhang Angela , Howard Mathew A. , Kawasaki Hiroto , Wu Shu , Cornell Robert A. , Michaelson Jacob J. , Bassuk Alexander G. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveEpilepsy treatment falls short in ~30% of cases. A better understanding of epilepsy pathophysiology can guide rational drug development in this difficult to treat condition. We tested a low‐cost, drug‐repositioning strategy to identify candidate epilepsy drugs that are already FDA‐approved and might be immediately tested in epilepsy patients who require new therapies.MethodsBiopsies of spiking and nonspiking hippocampal brain tissue from six patients with unilateral mesial temporal lobe epilepsy were analyzed by RNA‐Seq. These profiles were correlated with transcriptomes from cell lines treated with FDA‐approved drugs, identifying compounds which were tested for therapeutic efficacy in a zebrafish seizure assay.ResultsIn spiking versus nonspiking biopsies, RNA‐Seq identified 689 differentially expressed genes, 148 of which were previously cited in articles mentioning seizures or epilepsy. Differentially expressed genes were highly enriched for protein–protein interactions and formed three clusters with associated GO‐terms including myelination, protein ubiquitination, and neuronal migration. Among the 184 compounds, a zebrafish seizure model tested the therapeutic efficacy of doxycycline, metformin, nifedipine, and pyrantel tartrate, with metformin, nifedipine, and pyrantel tartrate all showing efficacy.InterpretationThis proof‐of‐principle analysis suggests our powerful, rapid, cost‐effective approach can likely be applied to other hard‐to‐treat diseases.
Planar Ultrasonic Lenses Formed by Concentric Circular Sandwiched‐Ring Arrays
Authors: Xia Xiangxiang , Cai Feiyan , Li Fei , Meng Long , Ma Teng , Zhou Hui , Ke Manzhu , Qiu Chunyin , Liu Zhengyou , Zheng Hairong 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAn underwater ultrasonic planar lens is numerically and experimentally developed with a small thickness and maintains a highly efficient transmission. The lens is formed by an array of concentric circular resin rings sandwiched between two identical silicone rings. Since the velocity of the water is closely in between that of the resin and silicone, a 2π phase variation can be achieved by changing the thickness ratios of the resin to the silicone ring within a thin sandwiched structure. Based on this principle, both single‐point and multipoint focusing lenses with high transmission in the axial direction are realized, which are believed to have potential applications in underwater imaging and detection.
One‐Step Loading on Natural Mineral Halloysite Nanotube: An Effective Way to Enhance the Stability of Perovskite CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) Quantum Dots
Authors: Hao Jiarui , Qu Xingyu , Qiu Lei , Li Guogang , Wei Yi , Xing Gongcheng , Wang Hongquan , Yan Chunjie , Jang Ho Seong , Cheng Ziyong , Lin Jun 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCurrently, poor luminescence stability seriously impedes the practical application of inorganic halide perovskite (CsPbX3, X = Cl, Br, and I) quantum dots (QDs) in optoelectronic devices. In present work, CsPbX3 QDs are successfully assembled on natural mineral halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) for improving the luminescence performances. Monodispersed CsPbX3 QDs are arranged on two edges of HNTs in a highly ordered manner, which possibly originates from the electrostatic interaction between halogen ion and surface hydroxyl (SurOH2
+) on the section face of HNTs. As expected, the photoluminescence (PL) performances of CsPbX3@HNTs nanocomposites are obviously improved. The PL intensity still can be maintained even 80% when working at 100 °C. Almost no emission degradation is observed after storing in an open ambient condition for 28 days. Moreover, the PL intensity also maintains 82% of room temperature (RT) intensity after continuously being illuminated by 365 nm UV lamps for 144 h. Excellent white light with Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates (0.34, 0.32) of the white light‐emitting diodes (w‐LEDs) fabricated by CsPbBr3@HNTs, CsPbBr1.2Cl1.8@HNTs, and CsPbBr1.2I1.8@HNTs phosphors are achieved. This work opens up a new insight in achieving stable CsPbX3 QD‐based multifunctional materials by designing nanocomposites with natural clay mineral.
Effect of High Dipole Moment Cation on Layered 2D Organic–Inorganic Halide Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Tan Shunquan , Zhou Ning , Chen Yihua , Li Liang , Liu Guilin , Liu Pengfei , Zhu Cheng , Lu Jiuzhou , Sun Wentao , Chen Qi , Zhou Huanping 
Published: December 2018

AbstractLayered 2D organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite is appearing as a rising star in the photovoltaic field, thanks to its superior moisture resistance by the organic spacer cations. Unfortunately, these cations lead to high exciton binding energy in the 2D perovskites, which suffers from lower efficiency in the devices. It thus requires a clear criterion to select/design appropriate organic spacer cations to improve the device efficiency based on this class of materials. Here, 2,2,2‐trifluoroethylamine (F3EA+) is introduced to combine with butylammonium (BA+) cations as mixed spacers. While BA+ enables self‐assembly of 2D perovskite crystals by van der Waals interaction, the introduction of F3EA+ spacers with a high dipole moment suppress nonradiative recombination and promote separation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs by taking the advantage of electronegativity of fluorine. The resultant solar cells based on [(BA)1–x(F3EA)x]2(MA)3Pb4I13 exhibit substantially increased open circuit voltage and fill factor compared with that of (BA)2(MA)3Pb4I13. The champion [(BA)0.94(F3EA)0.06]2(MA)3Pb4I13 solar cell yields a power conversion efficiency of 12.51%, which is among the best performances so far. These findings suggest an effective strategy to design organic spacer cations in layered perovskite for solar cells and other optoelectronic applications.
Dopamin, oxidativer Stress und Protein‐Chinonmodifikationen bei Parkinson und anderen neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen
Authors: Monzani Enrico , Nicolis Stefania , Dell'Acqua Simone , Capucciati Andrea , Bacchella Chiara , Zucca Fabio A. , Mosharov Eugene V. , Sulzer David , Zecca Luigi , Casella Luigi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDopamin (DA) ist das wichtigste und häufigste Catecholamin im Gehirn und zugleich Vorläufer anderer Neurotransmitter. Die Degeneration von Neuronen des Nigrostriatums (Substantia nigra, Pars compacta) bei Parkinson‐Kranken ist die am besten untersuchte Verknüpfung zwischen Neurotransmission und Neuropathologie durch DA. Catecholamine sind reaktive Moleküle, für die es komplexe Kontroll‐ und Transportsysteme gibt. Unter normalen Bedingungen werden kleine Mengen cytosolischen Dopamins unter Melanisierung von Peptiden und Proteinen schrittweise zu Neuromelanin umgewandelt. Überschießendes cytosolisches oder extraneuronales DA kann allerdings unselektive Proteinmodifikationen auslösen. Die dabei ablaufende Oxidation von DA zu Chinonverbindungen hängt von der Gegenwart redoxaktiver Übergangsmetallionen wie Eisen und Kupfer ab. Auch andere oxidierte DA‐Metaboliten sind wahrscheinlich an posttranslationalen Proteinmodifikationen beteiligt. Die Protein‐Chinonmodifikation ist also ein heterogener Vorgang mit verschiedenen DA‐Abkömmlingen, die Struktur‐ und Konformationsänderungen von Proteinen hervorrufen; dies kann zur Aggregation und Inaktivierung der modifizierten Proteine führen.
Telescoped, Divergent, Chemoselective C1 and C1‐C1 Homologation of Imine Surrogates: Access to Quaternary Chloro‐ and Halomethyl‐Trifluoromethyl Aziridines
Authors: Ielo Laura , Touqeer Saad , Roller Alexander , Langer Thierry , Holzer Wolfgang , Pace Vittorio 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA conceptually novel, high‐yielding, mono‐ or bis‐homologation was realized with lithium halocarbenoids and enables the one‐step, fully chemocontrolled assembly of a new class of quaternary trifluoromethyl aziridines. Trifluoroacetimidoyl chlorides (TFAICs) act as convenient electrophilic platforms, enabling the addition of either one or two homologating elements by simply controlling the stoichiometry of the process. Mechanistic studies highlighted that the homologation event, carried out with two different carbenoids (LiCH2Cl and LiCH2F), leads to fluoromethyl analogues in which the first nucleophile is employed for constructing the cycle and the second for decorating the resulting molecular architecture.
Moisture‐Resistant Mn4+‐Doped Core–Shell‐Structured Fluoride Red Phosphor Exhibiting High Luminous Efficacy for Warm White Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Huang Decai , Zhu Haomiao , Deng Zhonghua , Zou Qilin , Lu Hongyu , Yi Xiaodong , Guo Wang , Lu Canzhong , Chen Xueyuan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractK2TiF6:Mn4+ is a highly efficient narrow‐band emission red phosphor with promising applications in white light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) and wide‐gamut displays. Nevertheless, the poor moisture‐resistant properties of this material hinder commercialization. A convenient reverse cation‐exchange strategy is introduced for constructing a core–shell‐structured K2TiF6:Mn4+@K2TiF6 phosphor. The outer K2TiF6 shell acts as a shield for preventing moisture in the air from hydrolyzing the internal MnF62− group, while effectively cutting off the path of energy migration to surface defects, thereby increasing the emission efficiency (especially for the phosphors doped with high concentrations of Mn4+). Employed as a red phosphor, the packaged white LED exhibits an extraordinarily high luminous efficacy of 162 lm W−1, a correlated color temperature (CCT) of 3510 K, and a color rendering index of 93 (Ra). Aging tests performed on this device at 85 °C and 85 % humidity for 480 h retain up to 89 % luminous efficacy. The findings could facilitate commercial application of K2TiF6:Mn4+@K2TiF6 phosphor.
Reduction vs. Addition: The Reaction of an Aluminyl Anion with 1,3,5,7‐Cyclooctatetraene
Authors: Schwamm Ryan J. , Anker Mathew D. , Lein Matthias , Coles Martyn P. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe potassium aluminyl complex K[Al(NONAr)] (NON=NONAr=[O(SiMe2NAr)2]2−, Ar=2,6‐iPr2C6H3) reacts with 1,3,5,7‐cyclooctatetraene (COT) to give K[Al(NONAr)(COT)]. The COT‐ligand is present in the asymmetric unit as a planar μ2‐η2:η8‐bridge between Al and K, with additional K⋅⋅⋅π‐aryl interactions to neighboring molecules that generate a helical chain. DFT calculations indicate significant aromatic character, consistent with reduction to [COT]2−. Addition of 18‐crown‐6 causes a rearrangement of the C8‐carbocycle to form the isomeric 9‐aluminabicyclo[4.2.1]nona‐2,4,7‐triene anion.
Effects of activated carbon on optimization of microwave irradiation upgrading of Loy Yang lignite
Authors: Liu Xiangchun , Cheng Feng , Hirajima Tsuyoshi , Cui Ping 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTo further upgrade Loy Yang lignite via microwave irradiation treatment, activated carbon with different particle size fractions (ACP1, <300 μm or ACP2, 1–1.17 mm) was mixed with lignite. ACP1 was not removed from the upgraded samples (the first type of samples, S1), whereas ACP2 was separated (the second type of samples, S2). All samples were characterized by total acidity, pore size distribution, equilibrium water content (EWC), and combustion characteristics. The results showed that total acidity decreased with increasing ACP1 or ACP2 and total acidity of S1 was higher than that of the corresponding S2. Furthermore, EWCs of the upgraded samples were considerably lower than that of raw lignite. EWC of S1 first increased and then decreased with increasing ACP1 content; this is due to the competition between the obvious increase in pores and decomposition of total acidity. EWC of S2 decreased as ACP2 content increased; this is because of the evident decrease in total acidity. The reactivity for the sample with an 8% addition of ACP1 was the lowest because of the combined effects of the decomposition of total acidity and the maintaining of ACP1, whose reactivity is low.
Insulin‐like peptides of the legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata, and their mediation effects on hemolymph trehalose level, larval development, and adult reproduction
Authors: Al Baki Md. Abdullah , Lee Dae‐Weon , Jung Jin Kyo , Kim Yonggyun 
Published: December 2018

AbstractInsulin‐like peptides (ILPs) of insects mediate various physiological processes including hemolymph sugar level, immature growth, female reproduction, and lifespan. In target cells of ILPs, insulin/insulin‐like growth factor signaling (IIS) is highly conserved in animals. IIS in the legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is known to be involved in maintaining hemolymph trehalose levels and promoting larval growth. However, ILPs in M. vitrata have not been reported yet. This study predicted two ILP genes of Mv‐ILP1 and Mv‐ILP2 from transcriptome of M. vitrata. Mv‐ILP1 and Mv‐ILP2 shared high sequence homologies and domain architecture with Drosophila ILPs. Both ILPs exhibited similar expression patterns in most developmental stages, showing high expression levels in adult stage. In the larval stage, Mv‐ILP1 and Mv‐IlP2 were expressed mostly in the brain and fat body. However, in the adult stage, both ILP genes were expressed more in the abdomen than those in the head containing the brain. RNA interference (RNAi) of either Mv‐ILP1 or Mv‐ILP2 during larval stage resulted in significant malfunctioning in regulating hemolymph trehalose titers. RNAi‐treated larvae also exhibited significant retardation of larval growth. RNAi treatment in adult stage interfered with the ovarian development of females. These results suggest that Mv‐ILP1 and Mv‐ILP2 play crucial roles in mediating larval growth and adult reproduction.
Highly sensitive spectrofluorimetric method for rapid determination of orciprenaline in biological fluids and pharmaceuticals
Authors: Ibrahim F.A. , Fathy M.E. , Elmansi H.M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractOrciprenaline sulphate (ORP) is a direct‐acting sympathomimetic with mainly beta‐adrenoceptor stimulant activity. It is used as a bronchodilator in the management of reversible airway obstruction. For the first time, a rapid highly sensitive spectrofluorimetric method is described that is relied on measuring the fluorescence spectra of ORP at acidic pH and without addition of any chemical reagents. The relative fluorescence intensity was measured at 310 nm and after excitation at 224 nm. ORP native fluorescence was calibrated in both water and acetonitrile as diluting solvents. The method was designed to estimate the drug in miscellaneous matrices with high accuracy and precision. Linear ranges of calibration curves were 30.0–400.0 ng/ml and 10.0–240.0 ng/ml in water and acetonitrile, respectively. The detection limits were calculated and reached as low as 3.3 and 3.1 ng/ml, respectively, representing the ultra‐sensitivity of the proposed method. This result permitted application of this method for spiked human plasma and urine and was used as a preliminary investigation with good percentage recovery (89.4–106.8%). The application was further extended to analyse ORP in its pharmaceutical formulations. The method was validated in compliance with International Council of Harmonization (ICH) Guidelines.
A virtual laboratory for learning fullerene production and nanostructure analysis
Authors: Tarng Wernhuar , Liu Chia‐Lin , Lee Chi‐Young , Lin Chih‐Ming , Lu Yun‐Chen 
Published: December 2018

AbstractNanotechnology is an emerging technology and it brings a tremendous change to human life and economy. When the size of a material is reduced to the nanoscale, its properties may change significantly and becomes a new substance. A fullerene is a molecule of carbon in the shape of a hollow sphere, ellipsoid, tube, and many other geometrical structures. For example, buckyballs are spherical fullerenes and carbon nanotubes are cylindrical fullerenes. Fullerenes have been under intensive investigation for their expanding applications in electronics, energy, medicine, and many other research fields. Nanostructure analysis is very important for understanding the formation of different materials and their properties. In this study, a virtual laboratory is developed for learning fullerene production and its nanostructure analysis. The learners can use the arc discharge equipment to produce fullerenes and then use the transmission electron microscope (TEM) to observe the nanostructures of different fullerene samples. The high interactivity and 3D visual effects of the virtual laboratory enable the learners to become familiar with the geometrical structures and properties of fullerenes. A teaching experiment has been conducted and the results show that the virtual laboratory can improve their learning motivation and effectiveness.
A Small Cyclic β‐Hairpin Peptide Mimics the Rbfox2 RNA Recognition Motif and Binds to the Precursor miRNA 20b
Authors: Sun Yi‐Ting , Shortridge Matthew D. , Varani Gabriele 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe RNA recognition motif (RRM), which is the most abundant RNA‐binding motif in eukaryotes, is a well‐structured domain of about 90 amino acids, yet the β2β3 hairpin, corresponding to strands 2 and 3 of the β‐sheet, and the intervening loop make essential interactions with RNA in many RRM complexes. A series of small cyclic peptide mimics of the β2β3 hairpin of Rbfox2 protein that recognize the terminal loop of precursor miR‐20b have been designed to investigate whether the full RNA‐binding protein can be mimicked with a minimal structurally preorganized peptide. Within a small library of seven cyclic peptides, a peptide with low‐micromolar affinity for the miR‐20b precursor was found. NMR spectroscopy titration data suggest that this peptide specifically targets the apical loop of pre‐miR‐20b. This work shows that it is possible to mimic RNA‐binding proteins with designed stable peptides, which provide a starting point for designing or evolving small peptide mimetics of RRM proteins.
Transradial versus transfemoral percutaneous coronary intervention of left main disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Ando Tomo , Aoi Shunsuke , Ashraf Said , Villablanca Pedro A. , Telila Tesfaye , Briasoulis Alexandros , Takagi Hisato , Afonso Luis , Grines Cindy L. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the efficacy and safety of transradial (TR) versus transfemoral (TF) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in left main (LM) lesion.BackgroundTR‐PCI is the preferred approach compared with TF approach because of less bleeding risk. LM‐PCI is often challenging because of the anatomical complexity and uniqueness of supplying a large myocardium territory. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to assess the safety and efficacy of TR‐PCI compared with TF‐PCI of the LM lesions.MethodsA comprehensive literature search of PUBMED, EMBASE, and Cochrane database was conducted to identify studies that reported the comparable outcomes between both approaches. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated using the Mantel–Haenszel method.ResultsA total of eight studies were included in the quantitative meta‐analysis. TR‐PCI resulted in lower bleeding risk (OR 0.31, 95%CI 0.18–0.52, P < 0.01, I2 = 0%) while maintaining similar procedural success rate, target lesion revascularization, myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, and all‐cause mortality during the study follow‐up period.ConclusionsTR‐PCI may achieve similar efficacy with decreased bleeding risk compared to TF‐PCI in LM lesions. When operator experience and anatomical complexity are favorable, TR approach is an attractive alternative access over TF approach in LM‐PCI.
A Multi‐step Virtual Screening Protocol for the Identification of Novel Non‐acidic Microsomal Prostaglandin E2 Synthase‐1 (mPGES‐1) Inhibitors
Authors: Shekfeh Suhaib , Çalışkan Burcu , Fischer Katrin , Yalçın Tansu , Garscha Ulrike , Werz Oliver , Banoglu Erden 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMicrosomal prostaglandin E2 synthase‐1 (mPGES‐1) is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and certain types of cancer. To identify novel scaffolds for mPGES‐1 inhibition, we applied a virtual screening (VS) protocol that comprises molecular docking, fingerprints‐based clustering with diversity‐based selection, protein–ligand interactions fingerprints, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with molecular mechanics Poisson–Boltzmann surface area (MM‐PBSA) calculations. The hits identified were carefully analyzed to ensure the selection of novel scaffolds that establish stable interactions with key residues in the mPGES‐1 binding pocket and inhibit the catalytic activity of the enzyme. As a result, we discovered two promising chemotypes, 4‐(2‐chlorophenyl)‐N‐[(2‐{[(propan‐2‐yl)sulfamoyl]methyl}phenyl)methyl]piperazine‐1‐carboxamide (6) and N‐(4‐methoxy‐3‐{[4‐(6‐methyl‐1,3‐benzothiazol‐2‐yl)phenyl]sulfamoyl}phenyl)acetamide (8), as non‐acidic mPGES‐1 inhibitors with IC50 values of 1.2 and 1.3 μm, respectively. Minimal structural optimization of 8 resulted in three more compounds with promising improvements in inhibitory activity (IC50: 0.3–0.6 μm). The unprecedented chemical structures of 6 and 8, which are amenable to further derivatization, reveal a new and attractive approach for the development of mPGES‐1 inhibitors with potential anti‐inflammatory and anticancer properties.
Interaction of body mass index or waist‐to‐hip ratio and sun exposure associated with nonmelanoma skin cancer: A prospective study from the Women’s Health Initiative
Authors: Chan Alfred A. , Noguti Juliana , Pak Youngju , Qi Lihong , Caan Bette , Going Scott , Han Jiali , Chlebowski Rowan T. , Lee Delphine J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) exceeds the incidence of all other types of cancers combined. Cumulative sun exposure and intermittent sun exposure are known risk factors for the development of NMSC. Because obesity has been shown to decrease the risk of NMSC incidence, this study investigated whether the risk of NMSC with sun exposure was consistent across different levels of body size.MethodsBody size was assessed with the body mass index (BMI) and the waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR). Sun exposure was assessed in watts and langleys and by the amount of time spent outdoors per day in the summer during a person’s 30s.ResultsAmong 71,645 postmenopausal women eligible for inclusion in this study, 13,351 participants (18.6%) developed NMSC. A BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 or a WHR ≥ 0.80 was associated with lower NMSC hazard rates (hazard ratio for BMI, 0.78; hazard ratio for WHR, 0.89); however, the association between higher levels of sun exposure and a higher risk of NMSC was more apparent among women with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 or a WHR ≥ 0.80 in comparison with those of a normal weight (P for interaction for BMI < .001; P for interaction for WHR = .022).ConclusionsAlthough most studies have considered sun exposure as a covariate, none have addressed the potential interaction of body size with sun exposure; therefore, the effect size of being overweight or obese may have been overestimated. In comparison to the normal‐weight group, those in the overweight group had increasingly higher hazard rates with increasing sun exposure. Further studies are warranted to investigate how increased weight interacts with sun exposure to influence skin cancer pathogenesis.
The Future of Photochemistry: Just Bright
Authors: Griesbeck Axel G. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAxel Griesbeckimage
is a Professor of Organic Chemistry and Photochemistry at the University of Cologne (Germany). He currently serves as the Chair of the IUPAC Photochemistry Subcommittee and is one of the Chairs of the ChemPhotoChem Editorial Board.