bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transition bias influences the evolution of antibiotic resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Payne Joshua L. , Menardo Fabrizio , Trauner Andrej , Borrell Sonia , Gygli Sebastian M. , Loiseau Chloe , Gagneux Sebastien , Hall Alex R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTransition bias, an overabundance of transitions relative to transversions, has been widely reported among studies of mutations spreading under relaxed selection. However, demonstrating the role of transition bias in adaptive evolution remains challenging. We addressed this challenge by analyzing adaptive antibiotic-resistance mutations in the major human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We found strong evidence for transition bias in two independently curated datasets comprising 152 and 208 antibiotic resistance mutations. This was true at the level of mutational paths (distinct, adaptive DNA sequence changes) and events (individual instances of the adaptive DNA sequence changes), and across different genes and gene promoters conferring resistance to a diversity of antibiotics. It was also true for mutations that do not code for amino acid changes (in gene promoters and the ribosmal gene rrs), and for mutations that are synonymous to each other and are therefore likely to have similar fitness effects, suggesting that transition bias can be caused by a bias in mutation supply. These results point to a central role for transition bias in determining which mutations drive adaptive antibiotic resistance evolution in a key pathogen.Significance statementWhether and how transition bias influences adaptive evolution remain open questions. We studied 296 DNA mutations that confer antibiotic resistance to the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We uncovered strong transition bias among these mutations and also among the number of times each mutation has evolved in different strains or geographic locations, demonstrating that transition bias can influence adaptive evolution. For a subset of mutations, we were able to rule out an alternative selection-based hypothesis for this bias, indicating that transition bias can be caused by a biased mutation supply. By revealing this bias among M. Tuberculosis resistance mutations, our findings improve our ability to predict the mutational pathways by which pathogens overcome treatment.
Detection of arterial wall abnormalities via Bayesian model selection
Authors: Larson Karen , Bowman Clark , Papadimitriou Costas , Koumoutsakos Petros , Matzavinos Anastasios 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPatient-specific modeling of hemodynamics in arterial networks has so far relied on parameter estimation for inexpensive or small-scale models. We describe here a Bayesian uncertainty quantification framework which makes two major advances: an efficient parallel implementation, allowing parameter estimation for more complex forward models, and a system for practical model selection, allowing evidence-based comparison between distinct physical models. We demonstrate the proposed methodology by generating simulated noisy flow velocity data from a branching arterial tree model in which a structural defect is introduced at an unknown location; our approach is shown to accurately locate the abnormality and estimate its physical properties even in the presence of significant observational and systemic error. As the method readily admits real data, it shows great potential in patient-specific parameter fitting for hemodynamical flow models.
Towards an applied metaecology
Authors: Schiesari Luis , Matias Miguel G. , Prado Paulo Inácio , Leibold Mathew A. , Albert Cecile H. , Howeth Jennifer G. , Leroux Shawn J. , Pardini Renata , Siqueira Tadeu , Brancalion Pedro H.S. , Cabeza Mar , Coutinho Renato Mendes , Diniz-Filho José Alexandre Felizola , Fournier Bertrand , Lahr Daniel J. G. , Lewinsohn Thomas M. , Martins Ayana , Morsello Carla , Peres-Neto Pedro R. , Pillar Valério D. , Vázquez Diego P. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe complexity of ecological systems is a major challenge for practitioners and decision-makers who work to avoid, mitigate and manage environmental change. Here, we illustrate how metaecology - the study of spatial interdependencies among ecological systems through fluxes of organisms, energy, and matter - can enhance understanding and improve managing environmental change at multiple spatial scales. We present several case studies illustrating how the framework has leveraged decision-making in conservation, restoration and risk management. Nevertheless, an explicit incorporation of metaecology is still uncommon in the applied ecology literature, and in action guidelines addressing environmental change. This is unfortunate because the many facets of environmental change can be framed as modifying spatial context, connectedness and dominant regulating processes - the defining features of metaecological systems. Narrowing the gap between theory and practice will require incorporating system-specific realism in otherwise predominantly conceptual studies, as well as deliberately studying scenarios of environmental change.
The genetic legacy of continental scale admixture in Indian Austroasiatic speakers
Authors: Tätte Kai , Pagani Luca , Pathak Ajai K. , Kõks Sulev , Duy Binh Ho , Ho Xuan Dung , Nahar Sultana Gazi Nurun , Sharif Mohd Istiaq , Asaduzzaman Md , Behar Doron M. , Hadid Yarin , Villems Richard , Chaubey Gyaneshwer , Kivisild Toomas , Metspalu Mait 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSurrounded by speakers of Indo-European, Dravidian and Tibeto-Burman languages, around 11 million Munda (a branch of Austroasiatic language family) speakers live in the densely populated and genetically diverse South Asia. Their genetic makeup holds components characteristic of South Asians as well as Southeast Asians. The admixture time between these components has been previously estimated on the basis of archaeology, linguistics and uniparental markers. Using genome-wide genotype data of 102 Munda speakers and contextual data from South and Southeast Asia, we retrieved admixture dates between 2000 – 3800 years ago for different populations of Munda. The best modern proxies for the source populations for the admixture with proportions 0.78/0.22 are Lao people from Laos and Dravidian speakers from Kerala in India, while the South Asian population(s), with whom the incoming Southeast Asians intermixed, had a smaller proportion of West Eurasian component than contemporary proxies. Somewhat surprisingly Malaysian Peninsular tribes rather than the geographically closer Austroasiatic languages speakers like Vietnamese and Cambodians show highest sharing of IBD segments with the Munda. In addition, we affirmed that the grouping of the Munda speakers into North and South Munda based on linguistics is in concordance with genome-wide data.
Physicochemical mechanotransduction alters nuclear shape and mechanics via heterochromatin formation
Authors: Stephens Andrew D. , Liu Patrick Z. , Kandula Viswajit , Chen Haimei , Almassalha Luay M. , Backman Vadim , O’Halloran Thomas , Adam Stephen A. , Goldman Robert D. , Banigan Edward J. , Marko John F. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe nucleus houses, organizes, and protects chromatin to ensure genome integrity and proper gene expression, but how the nucleus adapts mechanically to changes in the extracellular environment is poorly understood. Recent studies have revealed that extracellular chemical or physical stresses induce chromatin compaction via mechanotransductive processes. We report that increased extracellular multivalent cations lead to increased heterochromatin levels through mechanosensitive ion channels. This increase in heterochromatin results in increased chromatin-based nuclear rigidity, which suppresses nuclear blebbing in cells with perturbed chromatin or lamins. Furthermore, transduction of elevated extracellular cations rescues nuclear morphology in model and patient cells of human diseases, including progeria and the breast cancer model cell line MDA-MB-231. We conclude that nuclear mechanics and morphology, including abnormal phenotypes found in human diseases, can be modulated by cell sensing of the extracellular environment and consequent changes to histone modification state and chromatin-based nuclear rigidity, without requiring direct mechanical perturbations to the cell interior.
An epi-evolutionary model to predict spore-producing pathogens adaptation to quantitative resistance in heterogeneous environments
Authors: Fabre Frédéric , Burie Jean-Baptiste , Ducrot Arnaud , Lion Sébastien , Richard Quentin , Djidjou-Demasse Ramsès 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe model the evolutionary epidemiology of spore-producing plant pathogens in heterogeneous environments sown with several cultivars carrying quantitative resistances. The model explicitly tracks the infection-age structure and genetic composition of the pathogen population. Each strain is characterized by pathogenicity traits describing its infection efficiency and a time-varying sporulation curve taking into account lesion ageing. We first derive a general expression of the basic reproduction number ℛ0for fungal pathogens in heterogeneous environments. We show that evolutionary attractors of the model coincide with local maxima of ℛ0only if the infection efficiency is the same on all host types. We then study how three basic resistance characteristics (pathogenicity trait targeted, resistance effectiveness, and adaptation cost) in interaction with the deployment strategy (proportion of fields sown with a resistant cultivar) (i) lead to pathogen diversification at equilibrium and (ii) shape the transient dynamics from evolutionary and epidemiological perspectives. We show that quantitative resistance impacting only the sporulation curve will always lead to a monomorphic population, while dimorphism (i.e. pathogen diversification) can occur with resistance altering infection efficiency, notably with high adaptation cost and proportion of R cultivar. Accordingly, the choice of quantitative resistance genes operated by plant breeders is a driver of pathogen diversification. From an evolutionary perspective, the emergence time of the evolutionary attractor best adapted to the R cultivar tends to be shorter when the resistance impacts infection efficiency than when it impacts sporulation. In contrast, from an epidemiological perspective, the epidemiological control is always higher when the resistance impacts infection efficiency. This highlights the difficulty of defining deployment strategies of quantitative resistance maximising at the same time epidemiological and evolutionary outcomes.
Split-miniSOG for detecting and localizing intracellular protein-protein interactions: application to correlated light and electron microscopy
Authors: Boassa Daniela , Lemieux Sakina P. , Lev-Ram Varda , Hu Junru , Xiong Qing , Phan Sebastien , Mackey Mason , Ramachandra Ranjan , Adams Stephen R. , Tsien Roger Y. , Ellisman Mark H. , Ngo John T. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA protein complementation assay (PCA) for detecting and localizing intracellular protein-protein interactions (PPIs) was built by bisection of miniSOG, a fluorescent flavoprotein derived from the light, oxygen, voltage (LOV)-2 domain of Arabidopsis phototropin. When brought together by interacting proteins, the fragments reconstitute a functional reporter that permits tagged protein complexes to be visualized by fluorescence light microscopy (LM), and then by standard as well as “multicolor” electron microscopy (EM) imaging methods via the photooxidation of 3-3’-diaminobenzidine (DAB) and its lanthanide-conjugated derivatives.
Investigating the corrosion resistance of spark plasma sintered copper with ruthenium powder
Authors: Zaba Winnie , Van der Merwe Josias Willem 
Published: September 2018

PurposeThe corrosion resistance of copper and copper-ruthenium alloys produced by powder metallurgy (spark plasma sintering process) and exposed in 2M sulphuric acid at 45°C and 65°C was investigated using scanning electron microscopy and potentiodynamic polarisation technique.Design/methodology/approachThe small additions of ruthenium (0.5, 1 and 2 Wt.%) to the copper resulted in improved corrosion resistance of the copper alloy by up to 90 per cent when compared to casted copper.FindingsAll the sintered copper and copper alloys proved to have increased the corrosion resistance in all the temperatures.Originality/valuePowder metallurgy was used in achieving these improvements.
Mutual inductance and forces between two non-coaxial co-planar circular thin-wall air coils
Authors: Compter John 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to present new analytical expressions for the mutual inductance and forces between non-coaxial co-planar circular thin-wall air coils.

Design/methodology/approach
The expressions are based on an integration method found in the literature, so far used only to describe mutual inductances. It is new to apply this method as a starting point to get the forces between non-coaxial co-planar rings and coils. The approach is further extended to include non-coaxial co-planar thin-wall cylindrical coils.

Findings
This new method enables interaction modelling between coils by solving integrals numerically, covering fully, partially and non-overlapping coils in a single form. The expressions are verified by comparing the results with alternatives methods.

Research limitations/implications
The forces and mutual inductances of non-coaxial co-planar circular coils are obtained with analytical expressions, fitted well for optimization studies. The study is limited to coils in free air.

Practical implications
A typical application is the interaction between coils in a wireless energy transfer system (as applied for battery loading for mobile phones and automotive). The expressions can be used to also predict the forces between two non-coaxial disk or ring magnets as used in magnetic levitation systems.

Originality/value
Maxwell described the coupling between two coaxial co-planar rings, and steadily more and more equations describing the interaction between circular coils became available in the past decades. The target of this study is to obtain compact equations for non-coaxial co-planar circular coils. This is realized with the combination of existing literature and mathematical modelling tools.
Consumer responses to corporate cause-related marketing
Authors: Yang Hsin-Ti , Yen Ghi-Feng 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to adopt the perspectives of cognition and emotions to investigate whether the interdependent self-construal of consumers in a Chinese collectivist culture, along with empathy and moral identity, evokes direct and indirect responses to corporate cause-related marketing (CRM).

Design/methodology/approach
A total of 901 valid questionnaires were retrieved, and PROCESS macro for SPSS was used to test the multiple mediation and serial mediation hypotheses. The structural equation modeling was also used to confirm the results.

Findings
The empirical results showed that consumer self-construal exerts a positive influence on consumer responses to corporate CRM through empathy. The results also suggest that CRM events provoke empathetic responses in consumers and trigger their moral identity, which in turn affects their evaluations on CRM corporations and their purchase intentions for CRM goods.

Research limitations/implications
The present study targeted the relatively affordable CRM events in convenience stores to investigate consumer responses; the results may not be applicable to CRM events in other industries. Besides that, as this study is focused on CRM activity, respondents may have more positive evaluation.

Practical implications
Corporations are advised to improve their corporate social responsibility (CSR) communication strategies. These should rely on factual, sincere, easy-to-understand and appropriate communication to trigger moral identity in consumers. Because empathy is regarded as the core of human moral and emotional systems, corporations are advised to associate their charitable events with social emotions to strengthen consumer perceptions, enhance moral identity and promote prosocial behaviors.

Originality/value
This study verified the serial multiple mediating effect of empathy and moral identity in the relationship between consumer self-construal and responses to corporate CRM. Corporations are advised to improve their CSR communication strategies and public expression of moral actions to raise consumer empathy and moral identity, so as to improve consumer responses to CRM.
Gender diversity and its impact on high-tech SMEs’ organizational leadership
Authors: Garcia-Solarte Monica , Garcia-Perez de Lema Domingo , Madrid-Guijarro Antonia 
Published: September 2018

PurposeThis study aims to empirically identify the relationship between gender diversity and organizational leadership.Design/methodology/approachA multifactor questionnaire, Form 6-S, developed by Bass and Avolio (1992), is used to measure leadership. The results are derived from univariate and multivariate analyses conducted through ordinary least square linear regression. This study uses a base consisting of 142 small and medium enterprises in Cali (Colombia); men manage 111 of which, whereas women manage 31. The data came from a project performed by the Humanism and Management research group of the Administration Sciences Department of Valley University (Universidad del Valle). Fieldwork was conducted between November 2013 and April 2014.FindingsThe results show that companies with greater gender diversity (mostly women on the board of directors and in management) develop a transformational organizational style orientated towards organizational change through the transformation of followers.Originality/valueThere is no previous study combining these variables in Colombian context.
Sponsorship and social identity in advancement of women leaders in South Africa
Authors: Scheepers Caren Brenda , Douman Anastasia , Moodley Preya 
Published: September 2018

PurposeIn South Africa, women in senior management positions experience social identity dilemmas, necessitating more research into this domain. While research has been conducted into coaching and mentoring of these women, limited scholarly attention has been paid to sponsorship. This paper aims to explore the social identity of women at senior management levels and sponsorship as a proposed mechanism to develop talented women.Design/methodology/approachThis qualitative research included two studies using two sample groups, both of which included executive-level respondents in corporate organisations. One study focussed on sponsorship; here, the 29-strong sample included 14 male and 15 female executives, of whom 15 were White; 9 were African and 5 were Indian. The second study, consisting of only African, coloured and Indian (ACI) female executives (23 interviewees), focussed more broadly on their development path to the C-suite.FindingsA common theme across the two studies was the inclination to give developmental support, in turn, once supported. There were prerequisites in this support-giving, however. For example, sponsors identified criteria that protégés had to meet. Despite evident gender inequality at senior management levels in South Africa, this paper reveals that in the Study 1 sample, gender and race were ostensibly irrelevant when choosing a sponsor or who to sponsor. A closer examination revealed a gender-based expectation, embedded in the South African context. Study 2 showed that ACI women above 50 years of age were more inclined to mentor others; even when they themselves were not mentored, some purposefully developed other ACI women. This paper thus suggests age as an important additional diversity dimension in relation to the career development of ACI women towards the C-suite. The findings have implications for the career development of individual ACI women and for organisations in reaching equality.Research limitations/implicationsGender differences with regard to perceptions also revealed that male respondents perceived sponsorship more as task-based actions, whereas female respondents focussed on relational elements. The paper concludes with recommendations on how individual ACI women and organisations can proactively develop talented women.Originality/valueThe paper offers insight into the gendered expectations of sponsors and gendered perceptions around merit in identifying protégés worthy of sponsorship. ACI women’s social identity changed when they joined the C-suite to identify more with their roles as executives and became less associated with their original ACI women group.
IoT adoption in agriculture: the role of trust, perceived value and risk
Authors: Jayashankar Priyanka , Nilakanta Sree , Johnston Wesley J. , Gill Pushpinder , Burres Reed 
Published: September 2018

PurposeThis paper aims to study the antecedents of Internet of Things (IoT) adoption among farmers and determine how trust in the technology influences its adoption when mediated by perceived value and risk. Through the conceptualization of trust and perceived risk, the authors factor in farmers’ perceptions of agricultural technology providers and discuss different forms of perceived value, spanning economic, green and epistemic value.Design/methodology/approachThis paper develops a distinctive research design, drawing on elements of the value-based adoption and technology acceptance models. By linking different elements of perceived value with IoT technology, the authors also apply the service-dominant logic to this study. They study how trust affects perceived value and risk and then determine how perceived value and risk, in turn, affect IoT adoption. The authors test the hypotheses by developing a structural equation model to analyze the results of a survey, wherein 492 farmers from Iowa, the USA, participated.FindingsThe results show a positive relationship between trust and perceived value and a negative relationship between trust and perceived risk. Perceived value had a positive impact on IoT adoption, whereas perceived risk had a negative impact on IoT adoption.Practical implicationsThe research findings on trust and perceived value and risk are timely and relevant for business-to-business (B2B) marketing practitioners and agricultural stakeholders, especially in an era where farmers are expressing growing concerns about data handling risk posed by IoT technology adoption.Originality/valueThe research findings signal a transition in focus from the goods-dominant logic to the service-dominant logic in agriculture, whereby farmers are drawn to IoT technology because of perceived economic, green and epistemic value and as a result, can differentiate themselves on how well they deploy operant resources. This paper not only provides a unique conceptualization of perceived value but also pave the way for a richer conceptualization of IoT core functions that enable farmers to fulfill green and epistemic goals. This is the first B2B marketing paper discussing the antecedents of IoT adoption in agriculture, such as farmers’ perceptions of both monetary and non-monetary forms of value and perceived data handling risk.