bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population health strategies for health equity in chronic kidney disease management: Retracted
Authors: Brown Christopher O. , Pham Phuong-Chi , Shah Anuja , Dukkipati Ramanath , Shen Jenny , Dai Tiane , Raff Evan A. , Kalantar-Zadeh Kamyar 
Published: November 2024

Purpose of review
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a widespread health issue, affecting one out of every 10 adults. This prevalence is even higher among vulnerable and underserved populations, including low-income individuals, racial and ethnic minorities, and immigrants. Urban areas such as New York City and Los Angeles County offer municipal safety-net healthcare systems for these groups.

Recent findings
Safety-net providers are essential to the healthcare landscape for vulnerable populations with chronic diseases including the Los Angeles County Health Services that exemplifies how effective population health strategies can be utilized to manage CKD and at-risk persons. These approaches focus on risk assessment, integrated practices, patient and care-partner education, cost reduction, and strategic partnerships. Kidney care tailored “Expected Practices” ensure that management strategies are equitable and based on clinical evidence. The eConsult system allows CKD patients’ primary care providers to efficiently consult nephrologists, facilitating timely specialty care appointments through “Precision Scheduling.” Priority goals include slowing CKD progression, equitable access to home dialysis, and preemptive kidney transplantation. As highlighted by Kalantar-Zadeh et al. in 2025 CJASN, advancing equitable kidney care through population health approaches support comprehensive and efficient CKD management, including diabetic kidney disease, in Los Angeles County's safety-net system.

Summary
With a large, underserved patient population affected by CKD, urban safety-net healthcare systems like those in Los Angeles County emphasize early detection, multidisciplinary management, shared decision-making, and equitable access to CKD. They prioritize equitable access to home dialysis modality choice and kidney transplantation, aiming to improve outcomes and the quality-of-life for diverse patient groups.
Predicting higher-risk growth patterns in invasive lung adenocarcinoma with multiphase multidetector computed tomography and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET radiomics
Authors: Luo Yi , Li Xiaoguang , Sun Jinju , Liu Suihan , Zhong Peng , Liu Huan , Chen Xiao , Fang Jingqin 
Published: November 2024

Purpose
To develop a predictive model for identifying the higher-risk growth pattern of invasive lung adenocarcinoma using multiphase multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET radiomics.

Methods
A total of 203 patients with confirmed invasive lung adenocarcinoma between January 2018 and December 2021 were enrolled and randomly divided into training (n = 143) and testing sets (n = 60). Patients were classified into two groups according to the predominant growth pattern (lower-risk group: lepidic/acinar; higher-risk group: papillary/solid/micropapillary). Preoperative multiphase MDCT and 18F-FDG PET images were evaluated. The Artificial Intelligence Kit software was used to extract radiomic features. Five predictive models [arterial phase, venous phase, and plain scan (AVP), PET, AVP-PET, clinical, and radiomic-clinical (Rad-Clin) combined model] were developed. The models’ performance was assessed using receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves and compared using the DeLong test.

Results
Among the radiomics models (AVP, PET, and AVP-PET), the AVP-PET model [area under ROC curve (AUC) = 0.888] outperformed the PET model (AUC = 0.814; P = 0.015) in predicting the higher-risk growth patterns. The combined Rad-Clin model (AUC = 0.923), which integrates AVP-PET radiomics and five independent clinical predictors (gender, spiculation, long-axis diameter, maximum standardized uptake value, and average standardized uptake value), exhibited superior performance in predicting the higher-risk growth pattern compared with radiomic models (P = 0.043, vs. AVP-PET; P = 0.016, vs. AVP; P = 0.002, vs. PET) or the clinical model alone (constructing based on five clinical predictors; AUC = 0.793; P < 0.001).

Conclusion
The combined Rad-Clin model can predict the higher-risk growth patterns of invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC). This approach could help determine individual therapeutic strategies for IAC patients by distinguishing predominant growth patterns with high risk.
Recent advances in applying metabolomics to uncover dietary impact on cardiometabolic health
Authors: Zhang Naixin , Lundbergh Bjørn , Guasch-Ferré Marta 
Published: November 2024

Purpose of review
Cardiometabolic diseases are a major global health concern, with diet playing a crucial role in their prevention and management. Recent advancements in the identification of metabolic signatures related to dietary patterns offer a more objective assessment of individualized dietary exposure and provide deeper insights into diet-disease associations.

Recent findings
Recent studies have shown that distinct metabolic signatures are associated with the adherence to various dietary patterns. These signatures show even stronger associations with cardiometabolic disease incidence, independent of traditional risk factors and self-reported adherence to such dietary patterns. Emerging dietary approaches, such as sustainable diets, health outcome-focused diets, and population data-driven dietary patterns, also hold promise for improving cardiometabolic health. Additionally, metabolic signatures could offer insights into diet-disease associations in underrepresented populations, addressing genetic and lifestyle differences.

Summary
Application of metabolomics provides a more precise understanding of how dietary patterns influence cardiometabolic health. Although the number of studies remains limited, and current evidence is inconsistent, the approach has significant potential for improving clinical and public health strategies. Future research should prioritize prospective studies and address population- and outcome-specific dietary needs to enable targeted interventions that optimize cardiometabolic health.
Advances in cellular therapies for children and young adults with solid tumors
Authors: Choe Michelle , Campbell Matthew , Albert Catherine M. 
Published: November 2024

Purpose of review
Adoptive immunotherapy brings hope to children and young adults diagnosed with high-risk solid tumors. Cellular (cell) therapies such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell, CAR natural killer (NK) cell, and T cell receptor (TCR) T cell therapy are potential avenues of targeted therapy with limited long-term toxicities. However, development of cell therapies for solid tumors is in its nascent stages. Here, we will review the current clinical experience, barriers to efficacy, and strategies to improve clinical response and patient access.

Recent findings
Cell therapies are shown to be generally safe and well tolerated. Strategies to optimize antitumor activity have now moved into early-phase trials. The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment remains a major barrier to efficacy, and efforts are underway to gain better understanding. This will inform future treatment strategies to enhance the antitumor activity of cell therapies.

Summary
Clinical experiences to date provide important insights on how to leverage cell therapies against solid tumors. Key factors in advancing the field include a better understanding of immune cell biology, tumor cell behavior, and the tumor microenvironment. Lastly, improving access to novel cell therapies remains an important consideration in the conduct of clinical trials and for future implementation into standard practice.
Increasing Prevalence of Cerebral Palsy Among Two-Year-Old Children Born at <27 Weeks of Gestation: A Cohort Study
Authors: DeMauro Sara B. , McDonald Scott A. , Heyne Roy J. , Vohr Betty R. , Duncan Andrea F. , Newman Jamie E. , Das Abhik , Hintz Susan R. ,   On Behalf of the NICHD Neonatal Research Network
Published: November 2024

(Abstracted from J Pediatr 2024;268:113944)
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of neurodevelopmental motor and coordination disorders that disproportionately affect preterm children. While some studies suggest a decline in CP diagnoses among preterm children born from the 1990s to the early 2010s, findings vary by gestational age and birth weight.
Perceptions of Criticality and Frequency of Tasks by the Public Health Workforce, 2022
Authors: Kurz Richard S. , Foster Allison , Bowen L. Michael , Bender Kaye 
Published: November 2024

Introduction:
Since the occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been significant interest in the public health workforce and its development. Substantial emphasis has been placed on the competencies needed for the development of the workforce. As important as this work on competencies is to a competent public health workforce, the certification of public health professionals and the maintenance of their skills and knowledge is of equal importance. The National Board of Public Health Examiners (NBPHE), along with other organizations, plays a key role in this process. Based on the National Board of Public Health Examiner’s 2022 JTA, this study investigates the specific tasks that are performed by the public health workforce in each of 10 domains, their criticality and frequency, and the relationship of their criticality to their frequency.

Methods:
Using data from the National Board of Public Health Examiners (NBPHE) job task analysis (JTA), the criticality and frequency of tasks and their relationship were investigated through tabular analysis.

Results:
Ten tasks were identified as the most critical, focused on the domains of communication, leadership, resource and program management, and law and ethics. The 10 most frequent tasks were the same as the most critical tasks in 8 instances. When the criticality of all tasks was related to their frequency, 12 tasks were found to have high criticality and high frequency, 17 tasks had low criticality and low frequency, and 74 tasks had high criticality and low frequency. In our data, no low criticality tasks were performed frequently.

Discussion:
Results are discussed for their relevance to education in public health and practitioner development. A key takeaway is that workforce tasks and competencies appear to provide two different and important ways to analyze workforce activity in future research.
An Incognito Standardized Patient Approach for Measuring and Reducing Intersectional Healthcare Stigma: A Pilot Cluster Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Smith M. Kumi , Luo Danyang , Meng Siyan , Fei Yunqing , Zhang Wei , Tucker Joseph , Wei Chongyi , Tang Weiming , Yang Ligang , Joyner Benny L. , Huang Shujie , Wang Cheng , Yang Bin , Sylvia Sean Y. 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Consistent evidence shows stigma impedes healthcare access in people living with HIV (PLWH) and men who have sex with men (MSM). We evaluated the impact of stigma reduction training for providers whose design was informed by direct observation of their clinical behaviors obtained through visits by incognito standardized patients (SPs).

Setting:
We conducted this study in sexually transmitted disease clinics in Guangzhou, China.

Methods:
This pilot cluster randomized control trial assessed the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of an intervention whose design was informed by a baseline round of incognito visits in which SPs presented standardized cases to consenting doctors. By randomly varying the HIV status and sexual orientation of each case, we could quantify stigma as differences in care quality across scenarios. We then conducted a follow-up round of SP visits and assessed the impact using linear fixed effects regression.

Results:
Feasibility and acceptability among the 55 provider participants were high, with no adverse visit events. The provider training improved the offering of testing to HIV-negative MSM (0.05 percentage points, 95% confidence interval, −0.24 to 0.33) and diagnostic effort for HIV-positive MSM (0.23 SD improvement, 95% CI: −0.92 to 1.37). Patient-centered care only improved for HIV-positive straight cases (SD, 0.57; 95% CI: −0.39 to 1.53). All estimates lacked statistical precision, an expected outcome of a pilot randomized control trial.

Conclusions:
Our training reduced stigma in several domains of care, but least of all for PLWH, suggesting that future trainings should include more clinical content to strengthen clinical skills in PLWH management.
IDEAL-IQ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Fat Fraction Quantification in Distinguishing Thymic Hyperplasia From Low-Risk Thymoma and Thymic Lymphoma in Adulthood: A Reliability and Efficacy Analysis
Authors: Zhang Jie , Feng Xiu-Long , Ma Yu-Hui , Lan Jiang-Tao , Wang Shu-Mei , Yang Guang , Hu Yu-Chuan , Cui Guang-Bin 
Published: November 2024

Objectives
Detection of fat content in thymic lesions is essential to differentiate thymic hyperplasia from thymic tumors. This study assesses the reliability and efficacy of “iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares estimation quantization” IDEAL-IQ magnetic resonance sequence in distinguishing thymic hyperplasia from low-risk thymoma and thymic lymphoma in adulthood.

Methods
Thirty patients with thymic hyperplasia, 28 low-risk thymomas, and 13 thymic lymphomas were respectively enrolled. All subjects underwent conventional thorax magnetic resonance imaging and IDEAL-IQ sequence. The fat fraction (FFmean and FFtotal), signal intensity index, and R2* values of the lesions were compared for differences among 3 groups by the Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to determine the differentiating efficacy.

Results
Both FFmean and FFtotal values in patients with thymic hyperplasia are significantly higher than those in patients with low-risk thymoma and thymic lymphoma (FFmean: 26.41% vs 1.78% and 1.93%, FFtotal: 27.67% vs 2.21% and 2.44%; both P < 0.001), whereas there was no significant difference in these values between low-risk thymomas and thymic lymphomas (both P > 0.05). Similarly, signal intensity index and R2* values of thymic hyperplasia were significantly higher than those of patients with low-risk thymoma and thymic lymphoma (P < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that FFmean had an area under the curve of 0.998, with a cutoff of 4.78% yielding 95.12% sensitivity and 100% specificity, and FFtotal had an area under the curve of 0.994, with a cutoff of 8.57% yielding 97.56% sensitivity and 96.67% specificity in distinguishing thymic hyperplasia from tumors.

Conclusions
IDEAL-IQ sequence provides accurate fat quantitative parameters and can differentiate thymic hyperplasia from thymic neoplasms with robust efficacy and reliability.
Safety of Gadopiclenol After Its First Year of Clinical Use
Authors: Spinazzi Alberto , Lancelot Eric , Vitali Letizia , Cot Christophe , Pirovano Gianpaolo , Joseph Alvin , Kirchin Miles A. , Darmon-Kern Elisabeth , Bourrinet Philippe 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Gadopiclenol is a novel, macrocyclic high-relaxivity gadolinium-based contrast agent recently approved for use in magnetic resonance imaging of the central nervous system and body organs at a dose of 0.05 mmol/kg body weight. Postmarketing surveillance of its first year of clinical use in the United States of America showed no serious adverse events (AEs) following over 882,550 administrations and a very low rate of nonserious AEs (1 case every 27,580 exposures). The types of observed AEs were similar to those reported for other gadolinium-based contrast agents in clinical use. Safety data from postmarketing surveillance of gadopiclenol further confirm its positive benefit-risk profile demonstrated in preapproval clinical studies.
Human placental stem cell–based therapies for prevention of abdominal adhesions: A prospective randomized preclinical trial
Authors: Carmichael Samuel P. , Chandra Prafulla K. , Vaughan John W. , Kline David M. , Holcomb John B. , Atala Anthony 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND
Abdominal adhesions are networks of fibrotic tissues that form between organs postoperatively. Current prophylactic strategies do not reproducibly prevent adhesive small bowel obstruction across the entire abdomen. Human placental-derived stem cells produce an anti-inflammatory secretome that has been applied to multiple fibrosing diseases. The purpose of this project is to test human placental stem cell (hPSC)–based therapies for prevention of abdominal adhesions in a clinically relevant rat model.

METHODS
Fifty-four (n = 54, n = 6/group) male Sprague-Dawley rats (250–350 g) underwent model creation and treatment randomization under anesthesia. Experimental groups included human placental-derived stem cells (hPSC, 5 × 106 cells/10 mL Plasmalyte A), human placental-derived stem cells in a hyaluronic acid (HA-Mal-hPSC) hydrogel, the human placental-derived stem cell secretome from conditioned media in 10 mL Plasmalyte A, human placental-derived stem cells' conditioned media in a hyaluronic acid (HA-Mal-CM) hydrogel, Plasmalyte A (media alone, 10 mL), hyaluronic acid hydrogel alone (HA-Mal), Seprafilm (Baxter, Deerfield, IL), and the control groups, model with no treatment (MNT) and sham animals. Treatments were administered intraperitoneally, and the study period was 14 days postoperation. Adhesions were scored at necropsy and analyzed as the difference between means of an index statistic (Animal Index Score) versus MNT. Underlying molecular mechanisms were explored by functional genomic analysis and histology of peritoneal tissues.

RESULTS
Hyaluronic acid hydrogel alone, HA-Mal-CM hydrogel, and Seprafilm significantly reduced the overall appearance of abdominal adhesions by mean Animal Index Score at 14 days versus MNT. Human placental stem cell, HA-Mal-hPSC hydrogel, HA-Mal-CM hydrogel, HA-Mal hydrogel alone, and Seprafilm significantly reduced the collagen content of injured peritoneal tissues. Human placental stem cell and HA-Mal-hPSC hydrogel suppressed expression of the most profibrotic genes. Conditioned media, HA-Mal hydrogel alone, and media alone significantly altered the expression of proteins associated with peritoneal fibrotic pathways.

CONCLUSION
Human placental stem cell–based therapies reduce abdominal adhesions in a prospective randomized preclinical trial. This effect is supported by suppression of profibrotic genomic and proteomic pathways.
Mitigating High-risk EBV and CMV Through Kidney Paired Donation: A Survey of Potential Donor and Recipient Candidates
Authors: Kalaria Arjun , Mehta Rajil B. , Sood Puneet , Zhang Xingyu , Morford Harry J. , Potluri Vishnu , Bridges John F. P. , Puttarajappa Chethan M. 
Published: November 2024

Background.
High-risk cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) mismatches (ie, seropositive donors to seronegative recipients) among kidney transplant recipients lead to increased healthcare utilization, inferior allograft outcomes, and high mortality. We assessed the interest among prospective kidney donor and recipient candidates to participate in kidney paired donation (KPD) for averting CMV/EBV high-risk mismatches.

Methods.
We surveyed 51 potential living donors and 102 kidney recipient candidates presenting for their evaluation visit at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center between October 2022 and May 2023. We evaluated their general inclination toward KPD and their interest in KPD under various risk-benefit scenarios, particularly emphasizing the mitigation of high-risk mismatches associated with EBV and CMV. This was done using a 5-point Likert scale (1-low interest; 5-high interest) customized survey.

Results.
There was high interest in KPD among both donor and recipient candidates (median score 4 versus 4; P = 0.09). However, donor candidates had a lower interest in KPD if they were compatible with their intended recipient (median score 2 versus 4; P < 0.001). Most donor (80.4%; N = 41) and recipient candidates (89.2%; N = 91) expressed a strong willingness to participate in KPD to prevent high-risk CMV and EBV mismatches, but this interest declined with longer transplant delays. Interest also varied on the basis of participants’ income and employment status.

Conclusions.
Interest in KPD for avoiding CMV and EBV was high among both donor and recipient candidates. Additional research is required to assess the capacity and desirability for KPD expansion, particularly among ABO and HLA-compatible pairs.
Discovering plasticity rules that organize and maintain neural circuits
Authors: Bell David , Duffy Alison , Fairhall Adrienne 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntrinsic dynamics within the brain can accelerate learning by providing a prior scaffolding for dynamics aligned with task objectives. Such intrinsic dynamics should self-organize and self-sustain in the face of fluctuating inputs and biological noise, including synaptic turnover and cell death. An example of such dynamics is the formation of sequences, a ubiquitous motif in neural activity. The sequence-generating circuit in zebra finch HVC provides a reliable timing scaffold for motor output in song and demonstrates a remarkable capacity for unsupervised recovery following perturbation. Inspired by HVC, we seek a local plasticity rule capable of organizing and maintaining sequence-generating dynamics despite continual network perturbations. We adopt a meta-learning approach introduced by Confavreux et al, which parameterizes a learning rule using basis functions constructed from pre- and postsynaptic activity and synapse size, with tunable time constants. Candidate rules are simulated within initially random networks, and their fitness is evaluated according to a loss function that measures the fidelity with which the resulting dynamics encode time. We use this approach to introduce biological noise, forcing meta-learning to find robust solutions. We first show that, in the absence of perturbation, meta-learning identifies a temporally asymmetric generalization of Oja’s rule that reliably organizes sparse sequential activity. When synaptic turnover is introduced, the learned rule incorporates an additional form of homeostasis, better maintaining sequential dynamics relative to other previously proposed rules. Additionally, inspired by recent findings demonstrating plasticity in synapses from inhibitory interneurons in HVC, we explore the role of inhibitory plasticity in sequence-generating circuits. We find that learned plasticity adjusts both excitation and inhibition in response to manipulations, outperforming rules applied only to excitatory connections. We demonstrate how plasticity acting on both excitatory and inhibitory synapses can better shape excitatory cell dynamics to scaffold timing representations.