bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of narrative writing by Persian‐speaking students with hearing impairments
Authors: Zamani P. , Soleymani Z. , Mousavi S.M. , Akbari N. 
Published: February 2018

ObjectivePrevious studies have highlighted that narrative skill is critical to the development of the literacy skills by children. Children with cochlear implants (CI) and hearing aids (HA) may have problems in narrative development compared to peers with healthy hearing (HH). There is no exact data about the narrative writing ability of Persian‐speaking students who are hearing‐impaired. This study was undertaken to compare the microstructure and macrostructure scores for narrative writing of Persian‐speaking students who are hearing‐impaired and peers with HH.DesignThis was a cross‐sectional descriptive‐analytical study.SettingThe subjects were recruited from elementary schools in the city of Tehran.ParticipantsA total of 144 elementary school students were participated.Outcome measuresThe written narratives were elicited using a wordless pictorial storybook story. Three‐way ANOVA with post hoc adjusted Bonferroni test was applied to determine the main effects and interactions of grounded variables on the microstructure and macrostructure components of narrative writing.ResultsNo significant differences were observed in the macrostructure components of narrative writing between hearing‐impaired and HH students. Factors analysis showed that the 4th grade HH students had significantly the highest scores, and the 3rd grade HA students had significantly the lowest scores in microstructure components of narrative writing.ConclusionThe findings revealed that hearing‐impaired students similarly to their HH peers can transmit the main idea (macrostructure) of narrative writing, but show critical difficulties when using complete grammatical elements (microstructures) to form sentences to convey the idea in the narrative.
Intuitive Probabilities and the Limitation of Moral Imagination
Authors: Ryazanov Arseny A. , Knutzen Jonathan , Rickless Samuel C. , Christenfeld Nicholas J. S. , Nelkin Dana Kay 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThere is a vast literature that seeks to uncover features underlying moral judgment by eliciting reactions to hypothetical scenarios such as trolley problems. These thought experiments assume that participants accept the outcomes stipulated in the scenarios. Across seven studies (N = 968), we demonstrate that intuition overrides stipulated outcomes even when participants are explicitly told that an action will result in a particular outcome. Participants instead substitute their own estimates of the probability of outcomes for stipulated outcomes, and these probability estimates in turn influence moral judgments. Our findings demonstrate that intuitive likelihoods are one critical factor in moral judgment, one that is not suspended even in moral dilemmas that explicitly stipulate outcomes. Features thought to underlie moral reasoning, such as intention, may operate, in part, by affecting the intuitive likelihood of outcomes, and, problematically, moral differences between scenarios may be confounded with non‐moral intuitive probabilities.
Histological immune response patterns in sentinel lymph nodes involved by metastatic melanoma and prognostic significance
Authors: Abbott James , Buckley Meghan , Taylor Laura A. , Xu George , Karakousis Giorgos , Czerniecki Brian J. , Gimotty Phyllis A. , Zhang Paul J. 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundTo further characterize the micromorphometric immunological pattern to metastatic melanoma in sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsies and completion lymph node (CLN) dissections and their relation to 5‐year overall survival (OS).MethodsRetrospective cohort of 49 patients from 1996 to 2005 with a positive SLN who underwent CLN dissection (CLD) was studied. Micromorphometric characteristics included follicular center count (FCC)/profile, sinus histiocytosis, metastatic size, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (intranodal), paracortical dendritic cells, germinal center reaction and morphology. Comparison of Kaplan‐Meier survival curves used the exact log‐rank statistic.ResultsIn the high‐FCC (n = 5‐51) vs the low‐FCC (n < 5) lymph nodes, a delayed separation occurred at 3 years, with 5‐year OS rates being 73% vs 54% in the high‐ and low‐FCC groups, respectively. Improved survival up to 3 years was also noted in CLDs that showed a higher FCC when compared to the prior SLN. Patients with metastatic deposits >2 mm had significantly lower 5‐year survival (both <.001).ConclusionsNodal micromorphometric features (ie, FCC) are probably related to host immune response to metastasis. Quantitative evaluation of lymphoid follicular centers could provide valuable prognostic information to help to stratify patients.
qPCR quantification of Ophiognomonia clavigignenti‐juglandacearum from infected butternut trees under different release treatments
Authors: Tanguay P. , Blais M. , Potvin A. , Stewart D. , Walker D. , Nadeau‐Thibodeau N. , DesRochers P. , Rioux D. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryThe use of a molecular assay for quantifying conidia of Ophiognomonia clavigignenti‐juglandacearum, the fungal pathogen responsible of butternut canker, was investigated. Purified DNA from conidia collected on glass fibre filters of a passive rain collectors was quantified using a TaqMan real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay. The qPCR assay could specifically discriminate the target species from all other North American known species of Ophiognomonia, and it was sensitive enough to repeatedly detect one conidium. A linear relationship between numbers of conidia and qPCR Ct values was determined, and used to assess the sporulation of the pathogen under trees that were released to promote their vigour. In total, 977 samples of field‐captured conidia from 49 trees, at two locations, and from two successive growing seasons were analysed. No significant difference of sporulation was observed under control and release treatments. However, our results demonstrated that qPCR assay was reliable for detecting and quantifying O. clavigignenti‐juglandacearum from environmental samples, which will be useful to assess further control methods for this disease.
Effects of climate on soil phosphorus cycle and availability in natural terrestrial ecosystems
Authors: Hou Enqing , Chen Chengrong , Luo Yiqi , Zhou Guoyi , Kuang Yuanwen , Zhang Yuguang , Heenan Marijke , Lu Xiankai , Wen Dazhi 
Published: February 2018

AbstractClimate is predicted to change over the 21st century. However, little is known about how climate change can affect soil phosphorus (P) cycle and availability in global terrestrial ecosystems, where P is a key limiting nutrient. With a global database of Hedley P fractions and key‐associated physiochemical properties of 760 (seminatural) natural soils compiled from 96 published studies, this study evaluated how climate pattern affected soil P cycle and availability in global terrestrial ecosystems. Overall, soil available P, indexed by Hedley labile inorganic P fraction, significantly decreased with increasing mean annual temperature (MAT) and precipitation (MAP). Hypothesis‐oriented path model analysis suggests that MAT negatively affected soil available P mainly by decreasing soil organic P and primary mineral P and increasing soil sand content. MAP negatively affected soil available P both directly and indirectly through decreasing soil primary mineral P; however, these negative effects were offset by the positive effects of MAP on soil organic P and fine soil particles, resulting in a relatively minor total MAP effect on soil available P. As aridity degree was mainly determined by MAP, aridity also had a relatively minor total effect on soil available P. These global patterns generally hold true irrespective of soil depth (≤10 cm or >10 cm) or site aridity index (≤1.0 or >1.0), and were also true for the low‐sand (≤50%) soils. In contrast, available P of the high‐sand (>50%) soils was positively affected by MAT and aridity and negatively affected by MAP. Our results suggest that temperature and precipitation have contrasting effects on soil P availability and can interact with soil particle size to control soil P availability.
Lipase‐catalysed acidolysis of mango kernel fat with capric acid to obtain medium‐ and long‐chain triacylglycerols
Authors: Sneha Ramesh , Jeyarani Thangaraj 
Published: February 2018

SummaryMango kernel fat (MKF) was blended with capric acid (1:5 mole ratio) and subjected to acidolysis using 1,3 specific lipase Lipozyme IM (Mucor miehei) for different time intervals (30 min to 24 h). The capric acid content increased gradually up to 43.5 mol% with corresponding decrease in stearic acid content (45.7–17.4 mol%). DSC crystallisation thermograms showed a new exothermic peak at lower temperature, and HPLC profile showed new peaks both indicating the formation of new lower melting triglycerides. A decrease in higher melting triglycerides and gradual increase in new triglycerides was observed. Two prominent newly formed triglycerides were characterised by ESI/MS studies and identified as 2‐oleo‐dicaprin (10, 18′, 10) and stearo‐oleo‐caprin (18, 18′, 10). Solid fat content decreased at all temperatures and samples interesterified for 5 h remained liquid at ambient conditions. The modified MKF can increase the food application from MKF in addition to contributing to health benefits of medium‐ and long‐chain triglycerides.
Sloth bear Melursus ursinus maternity denning at the Wildlife SOS Bannerghatta Bear Rescue Centre, India
Authors: Arun A. S. , Sharp T. R. , Pillai H. C. , Swaminathan S. , Satyanarayan K. , Seshamani G. 
Published: February 2018

Little is known about Sloth bear Melursus ursinus birthing behaviour and denning. The Wildlife SOS Bannerghatta Bear Rescue Centre, India, which houses rescued bears, is visited by wild male Sloth bears during the breeding season (April–July). Two female Sloth bears have been impregnated by these wild males, giving researchers the opportunity to observe maternal behaviour closely. One female bear made use of an excavated a den to give birth and raise her cubs. A second bear gave birth in an excavated shallow cavity. Neither mother left the cubs for food or water for weeks (22 and 28 days, respectively). In the first case, the cubs eventually joined their mother leaving the den for food and water 20 days after the mother had initially left the den alone, whereas in the second case, the cub still had not joined the mother on outings for provisions after 68 days, when both were moved from the den area.
Scale sensitivity of the relationship between alpha and gamma diversity along an alpine elevation gradient in central Nepal
Authors: Bhatta Kuber Prasad , Grytnes John‐Arvid , Vetaas Ole Reidar 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAimComponents of scale, such as grain, focus and extent, influence the spatial patterns of alpha and gamma diversity and the relationships between them. We explored these scale relations by testing whether the gamma diversity and alpha diversity along an elevation gradient were related independent of scale and whether the elevational patterns of herbaceous and woody species richness were dependent on scale.LocationLangtang National Park, Nepal.MethodsWe estimated alpha diversity (plot richness) for woody and herbaceous plant species along an alpine elevation gradient (3,900–5,000 m a.s.l.) in nested plots of 1 m2, 16 m2 and 100 m2 and gamma diversity (regional richness) from published sources. Generalized linear modelling was used to analyse alpha and gamma diversity and their correspondence at different grain sizes.ResultsElevational trends of gamma and alpha diversity were significantly correlated for both woody and herbaceous species at all grain sizes. The concordance increased with increasing grain size and area for gamma diversity estimation, particularly for the monotonously decreasing elevational gamma and alpha diversity patterns of woody species. The hump‐shaped patterns of elevational gamma and alpha diversity for herbaceous species were also significantly correlated, but the concordance between the alpha diversity of herbaceous species and local gamma diversity was stronger. Elevational patterns of alpha diversity were coarsely consistent across grain sizes, although the patterns became more pronounced at larger grain sizes.Main conclusionsThe correspondence of elevational gamma and alpha diversity was largely scale invariant, implying that elevational and possibly other geographical diversity patterns can reliably be studied at different spatial scales. Nonetheless, the alpha diversity pattern was the least pronounced at fine grain size, particularly for woody life‐forms. This finding suggests that for large‐scale patterns such as elevational gradients at regional or continental scales, coarse grain sizes and large areas for gamma estimation are more appropriate.
Difference between renal and splenic resistive index as a novel criterion in Doppler evaluation of renal artery stenosis
Authors: Grupp Clemens , Koziolek Michael J. , Wallbach Manuel , Hoxhold Kerstin , Müller Gerhard A. , Bramlage Carsten 
Published: February 2018

Detection of renal artery stenosis (RAS) using Doppler is difficult to evaluate, particularly under conditions such as bilateral RAS or difficultly accessible renal arteries (RA). The objective of the present study was to assess the utility of splenic arterial compared to renal flow as an additional parameter in the Doppler evaluation of RAS. The difference between the resistive indices (RI) determined in renal and splenic parenchymal arteries (ΔRIK−S) was evaluated in 181 hypertensive subjects without any evidence of RAS. Subsequently 47 RA in 24 patients with suspected RAS were angiographically assessed. A ΔRIK−S of 0.055 (median) was determined in the population without any evidence of RAS similar to RA with angiographically excluded stenosis (ΔRIK−S 0.068). In contrast, in angiographic proven RAS, ΔRIK−S was significantly lower (−0.050; P < .005). The assessment of the ΔRIK−S, proved to be an easily feasible parameter, which improves the diagnostic accuracy in the detection of RAS.
Guidance on home blood pressure monitoring: A statement of the HOPE Asia Network
Authors: Kario Kazuomi , Park Sungha , Buranakitjaroen Peera , Chia Yook‐Chin , Chen Chen‐Huan , Divinagracia Romeo , Hoshide Satoshi , Shin Jinho , Siddique Saulat , Sison Jorge , Soenarta Arieska Ann , Sogunuru Guru Prasad , Tay Jam Chin , Turana Yuda , Wong Lawrence , Zhang Yuqing , Wang Ji‐Guang 
Published: February 2018

Hypertension is an important modifiable cardiovascular risk factor and a leading cause of death throughout Asia. Effective prevention and control of hypertension in the region remain a significant challenge despite the availability of several regional and international guidelines. Out‐of‐office measurement of blood pressure (BP), including home BP monitoring (HBPM), is an important hypertension management tool. Home BP is better than office BP for predicting cardiovascular risk and HBPM should be considered for all patients with office BP ≥ 130/85 mm Hg. It is important that HBPM is undertaken using a validated device and patients are educated about how to perform HBPM correctly. During antihypertensive therapy, monitoring of home BP control and variability is essential, especially in the morning. This is because HBPM can facilitate the choice of individualized optimal therapy. The evidence and practice points in this document are based on the Hypertension Cardiovascular Outcome Prevention and Evidence (HOPE) Asia Network expert panel consensus recommendations for HBPM in Asia.
Sex‐specific manifestation of genetic risk for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in the general population
Authors: Martin Joanna , Taylor Mark J. , Rydell Mina , Riglin Lucy , Eyre Olga , Lu Yi , Lundström Sebastian , Larsson Henrik , Thapar Anita , Lichtenstein Paul 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is more commonly diagnosed in males than in females. A growing body of research suggests that females with ADHD might be underdiagnosed or receive alternative diagnoses, such as anxiety or depression. Other lines of reasoning suggest that females might be protected from developing ADHD, requiring a higher burden of genetic risk to manifest the disorder.MethodsWe tested these two hypotheses, using common variant genetic data from two population‐based cohorts. First, we tested whether females and males diagnosed with anxiety or depression differ in terms of their genetic risk for ADHD, assessed as polygenic risk scores (PRS). Second, we tested whether females and males with ADHD differed in ADHD genetic risk burden. We used three different diagnostic definitions: registry‐based clinical diagnoses, screening‐based research diagnoses and algorithm‐based research diagnoses, to investigate possible referral biases.ResultsIn individuals with a registry‐based clinical diagnosis of anxiety or depression, females had higher ADHD PRS than males [OR(CI) = 1.39 (1.12–1.73)] but there was no sex difference for screening‐based [OR(CI) = 1.15 (0.94–1.42)] or algorithm‐based [OR(CI) = 1.04 (0.89–1.21)] diagnoses. There was also no sex difference in ADHD PRS in individuals with ADHD diagnoses that were registry‐based [OR(CI) = 1.04 (0.84–1.30)], screening‐based [OR(CI) = 0.96 (0.85–1.08)] or algorithm‐based [OR(CI) = 1.15 (0.78–1.68)].ConclusionsThis study provides genetic evidence that ADHD risk may be more likely to manifest or be diagnosed as anxiety or depression in females than in males. Contrary to some earlier studies, the results do not support increased ADHD genetic risk in females with ADHD as compared to affected males.
Experimental impact cratering: A summary of the major results of the MEMIN research unit
Authors: Kenkmann Thomas , Deutsch Alex , Thoma Klaus , Ebert Matthias , Poelchau Michael H. , Buhl Elmar , Carl Eva‐Regine , Danilewsky Andreas N. , Dresen Georg , Dufresne Anja , Durr Nathanaël , Ehm Lars , Grosse Christian , Gulde Max , Güldemeister Nicole , Hamann Christopher , Hecht Lutz , Hiermaier Stefan , Hoerth Tobias , Kowitz Astrid , Langenhorst Falko , Lexow Bernd , Liermann Hanns‐Peter , Luther Robert , Mansfeld Ulrich , Moser Dorothee , Raith Manuel , Reimold Wolf Uwe , Sauer Martin , Schäfer Frank , Schmitt Ralf Thomas , Sommer Frank , Wilk Jakob , Winkler Rebecca , Wünnemann Kai 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis paper reviews major findings of the Multidisciplinary Experimental and Modeling Impact Crater Research Network (MEMIN). MEMIN is a consortium, funded from 2009 till 2017 by the German Research Foundation, and is aimed at investigating impact cratering processes by experimental and modeling approaches. The vision of this network has been to comprehensively quantify impact processes by conducting a strictly controlled experimental campaign at the laboratory scale, together with a multidisciplinary analytical approach. Central to MEMIN has been the use of powerful two‐stage light‐gas accelerators capable of producing impact craters in the decimeter size range in solid rocks that allowed detailed spatial analyses of petrophysical, structural, and geochemical changes in target rocks and ejecta. In addition, explosive setups, membrane‐driven diamond anvil cells, as well as laser irradiation and split Hopkinson pressure bar technologies have been used to study the response of minerals and rocks to shock and dynamic loading as well as high‐temperature conditions. We used Seeberger sandstone, Taunus quartzite, Carrara marble, and Weibern tuff as major target rock types. In concert with the experiments we conducted mesoscale numerical simulations of shock wave propagation in heterogeneous rocks resolving the complex response of grains and pores to compressive, shear, and tensile loading and macroscale modeling of crater formation and fracturing. Major results comprise (1) projectile–target interaction, (2) various aspects of shock metamorphism with special focus on low shock pressures and effects of target porosity and water saturation, (3) crater morphologies and cratering efficiencies in various nonporous and porous lithologies, (4) in situ target damage, (5) ejecta dynamics, and (6) geophysical survey of experimental craters.
Validation of acute kidney injury according to the modified KDIGO criteria in infants after cardiac surgery for congenital heart disease
Authors: Ueno Kentaro , Seki Shunji , Shiokawa Naohiro , Matsuba Tomoyuki , Miyazono Akinori , Hazeki Daisuke , Imoto Yutaka , Kawano Yoshifumi 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTAimWe aimed to validate the incidence of, risk factors for, and postoperative outcomes of acute kidney injury (AKI) according to the modified Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (m‐KDIGO) criteria and compare this criteria with both the paediatric Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, End‐stage disease (pRIFLE) and Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) criteria in infants after cardiac surgery.MethodsWe retrospectively enrolled 145 consecutive infants who underwent open‐heart surgery at Kagoshima University Hospital.ResultsAcute kidney injury was present in 55 (37.9%), 111 (75.9%), and 95 (65.5%) patients according to the m‐KDIGO, pRIFLE, and AKIN criteria, respectively. Among these, 71.9% of patients pRIFLE Risk patients and 60.5% of AKIN 1 patients were categorized in the ‘no‐AKI’ group according to the m‐KDIGO criteria. Low body weight (m‐KDIGO odds ratio [OR], 0.73; P = 0.015; pRIFLE OR, 0.66; P = 0.001; AKIN OR 0.69, P = 0.002) and prolonged cross‐clamp time (m‐KDIGO OR, 1.02; <P = 0.001; pRIFLE OR, 1.02; P = 0.003; AKIN OR, 1.02; P = 0.001) were independent risk factors for the development of AKI. Further, m‐KDIGO‐based AKI grade was more strongly associated with higher incidence of requiring renal replacement therapy and mortality than both the pRIFLE‐ and AKIN‐ based AKI grade.ConclusionApplication of the three criteria resulted in different AKI incidences, but each criterion could be useful for detecting risk factors for AKI. Notably, using m‐KDIGO criteria provides more important subsequent postoperative outcomes. The m‐KDIGO AKI criteria describe clinically relevant AKI in infants after cardiac surgery.
Impaired phloem loading in zmsweet13a,b,c sucrose transporter triple knock‐out mutants in Zea mays
Authors: Bezrutczyk Margaret , Hartwig Thomas , Horschman Marc , Char Si Nian , Yang Jinliang , Yang Bing , Frommer Wolf B. , Sosso Davide 
Published: February 2018

Summary

Crop yield depends on efficient allocation of sucrose from leaves to seeds. In Arabidopsis, phloem loading is mediated by a combination of SWEET sucrose effluxers and subsequent uptake by SUT1/SUC2 sucrose/H+ symporters. ZmSUT1 is essential for carbon allocation in maize, but the relative contribution to apoplasmic phloem loading and retrieval of sucrose leaking from the translocation path is not known.

Here we analysed the contribution of SWEETs to phloem loading in maize.

We identified three leaf‐expressed SWEET sucrose transporters as key components of apoplasmic phloem loading in Zea mays L. ZmSWEET13 paralogues (a, b, c) are among the most highly expressed genes in the leaf vasculature. Genome‐edited triple knock‐out mutants were severely stunted. Photosynthesis of mutants was impaired and leaves accumulated high levels of soluble sugars and starch. RNA‐seq revealed profound transcriptional deregulation of genes associated with photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism. Genome‐wide association study (GWAS) analyses may indicate that variability in ZmSWEET13s correlates with agronomical traits, especifically flowering time and leaf angle.

This work provides support for cooperation of three ZmSWEET13s with ZmSUT1 in phloem loading in Z. mays.