bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Large Catalog of Accurate Distances to Local Molecular Clouds: The Gaia DR2 Edition
Authors: Zucker Catherine , Speagle Joshua S. , Schlafly Edward F. , Green Gregory M. , Finkbeiner Douglas P. , Goodman Alyssa A. , Alves João 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We present a uniform catalog of accurate distances to local molecular clouds informed by the Gaia DR2 data release. Our methodology builds on that of Schlafly et al. First, we infer the distance and extinction to stars along sightlines toward the clouds using optical and near-infrared photometry. When available, we incorporate knowledge of the stellar distances obtained from Gaia DR2 parallax measurements. We model these per-star distance–extinction estimates as being caused by a dust screen with a 2D morphology derived from Planck at an unknown distance, which we then fit for using a nested sampling algorithm. We provide updated distances to the Schlafly et al. sightlines toward the Dame et al. and Magnani et al. clouds, finding good agreement with the earlier work. For a subset of 27 clouds, we construct interactive pixelated distance maps to further study detailed cloud structure, and find several clouds which display clear distance gradients and/or are comprised of multiple components. We use these maps to determine robust average distances to these clouds. The characteristic combined uncertainty on our distances is ≈5%–6%, though this can be higher for clouds at greater distances, due to the limitations of our single-cloud model.
Suboptimal Immunization Coverage among Canadian Rheumatology Patients in Routine Clinical Care
Authors: Qendro Tedi , de la Torre María Laura , Panopalis Pantelis , Hazel Elizabeth , Ward Brian J. , Colmegna Inés , Hudson Marie 
Published: July 2019

Objective.To assess vaccination coverage and predictors of vaccination among a Canadian population of rheumatology patients in routine clinical care.Methods.In this cross-sectional study, consecutive adult patients presenting to a tertiary rheumatology clinic at the McGill University Health Center between May and September 2015 were asked to fill a survey on vaccination. Patients self-identified as having rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARD), spondyloarthropathies (SpA), or other diseases (OD). Multivariate logistical regression analyses were performed to evaluate patient and physician factors associated with various vaccinations [for influenza, pneumococcus, and hepatitis B virus (HBV)]. Published Quebec general population influenza and pneumococcal vaccination rates in those aged ≥ 65 years were used as comparative baseline rates.Results.Three hundred fifty-two patients were included in the analysis (RA: 136, SARD: 113, SpA: 47, OD: 56). Vaccination rates were reported as follows: (1) influenza: RA 48.5%, SARD 42.0%, SpA 31.9%, OD 88.9%, Quebec general population 58.5%; (2) pneumococcal: RA 42.0%, SARD 37.8%, SpA 29.7%, OD 33.3%, Quebec general population 53.2%; (3) HBV: RA 33.6%, SARD 55.6%, SpA 73.5%, OD 36.8%; and (4) herpes zoster: RA 5.6%, SARD 28.6%, SpA 25.0%, OD 16.7%. Physician recommendation was the strongest independent predictor of vaccination across all vaccine types (influenza: OR 8.56, 95% CI 2.80–26.2, p < 0.001; pneumococcal: OR 314, 95% CI 73.0–1353, p < 0.001; HBV: OR 12.8, 95% CI 5.27–31.1, p < 0.001). Disease group, disease duration, comorbidities, treatment type, and being followed by a primary care physician were not significantly associated with vaccination.Conclusion.There is suboptimal immunization coverage among ambulatory rheumatology patients. An important role for patient and physician education is highlighted in our study, especially because physician recommendation of vaccination was strongly predictive of vaccine uptake.
Relationship Between Fatigue and Inflammation, Disease Duration, and Chronic Pain in Psoriatic Arthritis: An Observational DANBIO Registry Study
Authors: Skougaard Marie , Jørgensen Tanja Schjødt , Rifbjerg-Madsen Signe , Coates Laura C. , Egeberg Alexander , Amris Kirstine , Dreyer Lene , Højgaard Pil , Guldberg-Møller Jørgen , Merola Joseph F. , Frederiksen Peder , Gudbergsen Henrik , Kristensen Lars Erik 
Published: July 2019

Objective.Fatigue is one of the most significant symptoms, and an outcome of great importance, in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA), but associations between underlying components of fatigue experienced by patients in relation to the disease have been sparsely investigated. The objectives were to describe the degree of fatigue in patients with PsA, and to examine important components associated with fatigue.Methods.We performed a cross-sectional survey including patients registered in the Danish nationwide registry DANBIO from December 2013 to June 2014. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify factors associated with fatigue.Results.A total of 1062 patients with PsA were included in the study. A PCA reduced co-variables into 3 components explaining 63% of fatigue in patients. The first component, contributing to 31% of fatigue, was composed of inflammatory factors including swollen and tender joints, physician’s global assessment, elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), and high Pain Detect Questionnaire (PDQ) score. The second component, contributing to 17% of fatigue, consisted of increasing age and long disease duration. The third component, contributing to 15% of fatigue, consisted of high PDQ score, tender joint count, increasing age, and concomitant low CRP, suggestive of a chronic pain component consisting of central pain sensitization or structural joint damage.Conclusion.Fatigue in patients with PsA may be driven by clinical inflammatory factors, disease duration, and chronic pain in the absence of inflammation.
Changes in the Presentation of Incident Gout and the Risk of Subsequent Flares: A Population-based Study over 20 Years
Authors: Elfishawi Mohanad M. , Zleik Nour , Kvrgic Zoran , Michet Clement J. , Crowson Cynthia S. , Matteson Eric L. , Bongartz Tim 
Published: July 2019

Objective.To examine whether a change in the presentation of incident gout happened over the last 20 years and to determine the risk of subsequent gout flares after an initial gout attack.Methods.All incident cases of gout were identified among residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, diagnosed in 1989–1992 and 2009–2010 according to the earliest date fulfilling the 1977 American Rheumatism Association preliminary criteria, or the New York or Rome criteria for gout. Patients in both cohorts were then followed for up to 5 years. Cumulative incidence and person-year methods were used to compare flare rates, and conditional frailty models were used to examine predictors.Results.A total of 429 patients with incident gout (158 patients in 1989–1992 and 271 patients in 2009–2010) were identified and followed for a mean of 4.2 years. The majority of patients were male (73%) and the mean age (SD) at gout onset was 59.7 (17.3) years. Classic podagra decreased significantly from 74% to 59% (p < 0.001). Cumulative incidence of first flare was similar in both cohorts (62% vs 60% by 5 yrs in 1989–1992 and 2009–2010, respectively; p = 0.70), but overall flare rate was marginally higher in 2009–2010 compared to 1989–1992 (rate ratio: 1.24). Hyperuricemia (HR 1.59) and kidney disease (HR 1.34) were significant predictors of future flares.Conclusion.Gout flares were common in both time periods. Hyperuricemia and kidney disease were predictors of future flares in patients with gout. Podagra as a presentation of gout has become relatively less frequent in recent years.
Anesthesia and Postoperative Analgesia: Outcomes Following Orthopedic Surgery
Authors: Chelly Jacques E , Ben-David Bruce , Williams Brian A , Kentor Michael L 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The demand for increased efficiency and decreased hospital stay has magnified the role of anesthesia and acute postoperative pain management in orthopedics. Orthopedic anesthesia and acute postoperative pain management, which are subspecialties of anesthesiology, are increasingly recognized for their positive effect on the length of hospital stay, functional recovery, and patient satisfaction. Recently, there has been a resurgence in the use of continuous nerve block techniques for postoperative pain management. These techniques have been shown to be effective and safe in controlling postoperative pain, both at rest and during physical therapy, even in anticoagulated patients. The use of peripheral nerve blocks for anesthesia has been associated with earlier discharge when compared with general anesthesia and neuraxial blocks in patients undergoing ambulatory orthopedic surgery. Regional techniques are usually part of a multimodal strategy that includes both pharmacological and nonpharmacological approaches to pain management.
Noncanonical Role of FBXO6 in Regulating Antiviral Immunity
Authors: Du Xiaohong , Meng Fang , Peng Di , Wang Zining , Ouyang Wei , Han Yu , Gu Yayun , Fan Lingbo , Wu Fei , Jiang Xiaodong , Xu Feng , Qin F. Xiao-Feng 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved F-box family of proteins are well known for their role as the key component of SKP1–Cullin1–F-box (SCF) E3 ligase in controlling cell cycle, cell proliferation and cell death, carcinogenesis, and cancer metastasis. However, thus far, there is only limited investigation on their involvement in antiviral immunity. In contrast to the canonical function of FBXO6 associated with SCF E3 ligase complex, we report, in this study, that FBXO6 can also potently regulate the activation of IFN-I signaling during host response to viral infection by targeting the key transcription factor IFN-regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) for accelerated degradation independent of SCF in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293T) and human lung cancer epithelial cells (A549). Structure and function delineation has further revealed that FBXO6 interacts with IAD domain of IRF3 through its FBA region to induce ubiquitination and degradation of IRF3 without the involvement of SCF. Thus, our studies have identified a general but, to our knowledge, previously unrecognized role and a novel noncanonical mechanism of FBXO6 in modulating IFN-I–mediated antiviral immune responses, which may protect the host from immunopathology of overreactive and harmful IFN-I production.
Primary EBV Infection Induces an Acute Wave of Activated Antigen-Specific Cytotoxic CD4+ T Cells
Authors: Meckiff Benjamin J. , Ladell Kristin , McLaren James E. , Ryan Gordon B. , Leese Alison M. , James Eddie A. , Price David A. , Long Heather M. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
CD4+ T cells are essential for immune protection against viruses, yet their multiple roles remain ill-defined at the single-cell level in humans. Using HLA class II tetramers, we studied the functional properties and clonotypic architecture of EBV-specific CD4+ T cells in patients with infectious mononucleosis, a symptomatic manifestation of primary EBV infection, and in long-term healthy carriers of EBV. We found that primary infection elicited oligoclonal expansions of TH1-like EBV-specific CD4+ T cells armed with cytotoxic proteins that responded immediately ex vivo to challenge with EBV-infected B cells. Importantly, these acutely generated cytotoxic CD4+ T cells were highly activated and transcriptionally distinct from classically described cytotoxic CD4+ memory T cells that accumulate during other persistent viral infections, including CMV and HIV. In contrast, EBV-specific memory CD4+ T cells displayed increased cytokine polyfunctionality but lacked cytotoxic activity. These findings suggested an important effector role for acutely generated cytotoxic CD4+ T cells that could potentially be harnessed to improve the efficacy of vaccines against EBV.
Control of Tissue-Resident Invariant NKT Cells by Vitamin A Metabolites and P2X7-Mediated Cell Death
Authors: Liu Qingyang , Kim Chang H. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells provide rapid innate T cell responses to glycolipid Ags from host cells and microbes. The numbers of CD1d-restricted iNKT cells are tightly controlled in mucosal tissues, but the mechanisms have been largely unclear. We found that vitamin A is a dominant factor that controls the population size of mucosal iNKT cells in mice. This negative regulation is mediated by the induction of the purinergic receptor P2X7 on iNKT cells. The expression of P2X7 is particularly high on intestinal iNKT cells, making iNKT cells highly susceptible to P2X7-mediated cell death. In vitamin A deficiency, iNKT cells fail to express P2X7 and are, therefore, resistant to P2X7-mediated cell death, leading to iNKT cell overpopulation. This phenomenon is most prominent in the intestine. We found that iNKT cells are divided into CD69+ sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1)− tissue resident and CD69− S1P1+ nonresident iNKT cells. The CD69+ S1P1− tissue-resident iNKT cells highly express P2X7 and are effectively controlled by the P2X7 pathway. The regulation of iNKT cells by vitamin A by the P2X7 pathway is important to prevent aberrant expansion of effector cytokine-producing iNKT cells. Our findings identify a novel role of vitamin A in regulating iNKT cell homeostasis in many tissues throughout the body.
Identification of the association between &lt;i&gt;FABP4&lt;/i&gt; gene polymorphisms and milk production traits in Sfakia sheep
Authors: Ibrahim Adel H. M. , Tzanidakis Nikolaos , Sotiraki Smaragda , Zhou Huitong , Hickford Jonathan G. H. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The aim of this study was to estimate the effect of variation in the fatty acid binding protein 4 gene (FABP4) on milk production traits in Greek Sfakia sheep. Polymerase chain reaction – single-stranded conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis was used to genotype a total of 374 Sfakia ewes for two regions of FABP4 located around exon 2–intron 2 (Region 1) and exon 3–intron 3 (Region 2). Each month, for a period of 6 months, milk samples were collected from the ewes to measure total milk yield, fat content, protein content, lactose content, non-fat solid content, pH, and somatic cell count (SCC). A general linear model was used to test the association between the variation observed in FABP4 and milk production traits. Four gene variants (A1–A4) were found in Region 1 and two variants (C1–C2) were found in Region 2. In the first region, the FABP4 genotype significantly affected (P<0.05) non-fat solid levels, fat content, and SCC. The presence of the A2 variant was significantly associated (P<0.05) with decreased SCC, while the presence of A4 was significantly associated with decreased milk yield (P<0.01), increased non-fat solid content (P<0.05), decreased fat content (P<0.01), increased lactose content (P<0.05), and increased pH (P<0.05). In the second region, FABP4 genotype had an effect (P<0.05) on protein content and the presence of the C2 variant was associated (P<0.05) with increased protein content, decreased SCC, and lower pH. The results suggest an association between variation in ovine FABP4 and milk production traits in Greek Sfakia sheep. Nevertheless, further analyses in independent sheep populations of increased size will strengthen these findings.
A simplified parameterization of isoprene-epoxydiol-derived secondary organic aerosol (IEPOX-SOA) for global chemistry and climate models: a case study with GEOS-Chem v11-02-rc
Authors: Jo Duseong S. , Hodzic Alma , Emmons Louisa K. , Marais Eloise A. , Peng Zhe , Nault Benjamin A. , Hu Weiwei , Campuzano-Jost Pedro , Jimenez Jose L. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Secondary organic aerosol derived from isoprene
epoxydiols (IEPOX-SOA) is thought to contribute the dominant fraction of
total isoprene SOA, but the current volatility-based lumped SOA
parameterizations are not appropriate to represent the reactive uptake of
IEPOX onto acidified aerosols. A full explicit modeling of this chemistry
is however computationally expensive owing to the many species and reactions
tracked, which makes it difficult to include it in chemistry–climate models
for long-term studies. Here we present three simplified parameterizations
(version 1.0) for IEPOX-SOA simulation, based on an approximate
analytical/fitting solution of the IEPOX-SOA yield and formation timescale.
The yield and timescale can then be directly calculated using the global
model fields of oxidants, NO, aerosol pH and other key properties, and dry
deposition rates. The advantage of the proposed parameterizations is that
they do not require the simulation of the intermediates while retaining the
key physicochemical dependencies. We have implemented the new
parameterizations into the GEOS-Chem v11-02-rc chemical transport model,
which has two empirical treatments for isoprene SOA (the volatility-basis-set, VBS, approach and a fixed 3 % yield parameterization), and compared
all of them to the case with detailed fully explicit chemistry. The best
parameterization (PAR3) captures the global tropospheric burden of IEPOX-SOA
and its spatiotemporal distribution (R2=0.94) vs. those
simulated by the full chemistry, while being more computationally efficient
(∼5 times faster), and accurately captures the response to
changes in NOx and SO2 emissions. On the other hand, the constant
3 % yield that is now the default in GEOS-Chem deviates strongly (R2=0.66), as does the VBS (R2=0.47, 49 % underestimation), with
neither parameterization capturing the response to emission changes. With
the advent of new mass spectrometry instrumentation, many detailed SOA
mechanisms are being developed, which will challenge global and especially
climate models with their computational cost. The methods developed in this
study can be applied to other SOA pathways, which can allow including
accurate SOA simulations in climate and global modeling studies in the
future.
Prospects for the Study of Anna Julia Cooper
Authors: Moody-Turner Shirley 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Anna Julia Cooper was one of the most prolific and active advocates for social justice and racial and gender equality from the late nineteenth through the mid-twentieth century. Her most well-known work, A Voice from the South: By a Black Woman of the South (1892), marks a vital contribution to black women's intellectual history, philosophical thought and social theory, educational policy and pedagogy, and literary criticism. This essay outlines critical analyses of this text while suggesting new approaches and areas for scholarly investigation. From recontextualizing Cooper as a Southern writer, to considering her much wider oeuvre, to contextualizing the process through which Cooper's writings were both preserved and passed down by black critics, bibliographers, and historians, as well as suppressed and obscured by a pernicious race and gender politics, this essay maps areas of critical engagement that can advance the future of Cooper studies.
Sā Nafanuā: Reconstituting Nafanua as Female Empowerment in Samoan Diasporic Literature
Authors: Lesuma Caryn 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWorks by Samoan poets mobilize stories about the war-goddess Nafanua as a symbol for Samoan empowerment through cultural revitalization. I analyze these poems using an Oceanic framework based on Selina Marsh’s concept of mana tama’ita’i, which outlines an Indigenous approach to reading poetry by Pacific Islands women, and ku’ualoha ho’omanawanui’s reworking of Indigenous literary nationalism, which reveals these texts as representative of a Samoan literary identity that is inclusive of the complexities of diaspora and postmodernity. Nafanua’s central role in shaping cultural identity underscores the power of narrative to imagine and actualize decolonial futures for Samoans.
Effect of family reorientation messages on delirium prevention among critically ill patients
Authors: Elcokany Nermine M. , Ahmed Fatma Refaat 
Published: July 2019

Background: About 50%-80% of critically ill patients develop delirium during their intensive care unit (ICU) stay. Adverse events associated with delirium can range from functional disability, cognitive and psychological impairment, dementia and even death. Removal of invasive lines, self-extubation, prolonged sedation and ventilation therapies which delay the ICU liberation, and increase the overall hospital length of stay are also negative squeals of delirium. Delirium has series of adverse events that are not limited to the associated morbidies and mortality, but also extended to include the burden placed on caregivers, families and healthcare services, in addition to increasing the cost of care. Using auditory stimulation as a non-pharmacological intervention can stimulate the affected neural networks, accelerate brain plasticity and avoid sensory deprivation that could induce pain, agitation, and delirium and slow down the patients' recovery. It is evident that familiar auditory stimuli by a familiar voice is eliciting more responses to auditory tones as it can grasp patients' attention without much effort and disrupts ongoing cognitive activities. Accordingly, multicomponent family reorientation strategy has recently been proposed to achieve better outcomes.Methods: A quasi experimental research design was used in this study in which one tool was used for data collection: “Confusion Assessment Method-intensive care unit (CAM-ICU)”. Results: During the five-day intervention period, the delirium free days was all the days in the family voice group, four days in the unfamiliar voice group and no free days in the control group which indicates a significant difference among groups on number of delirium free days (MCp < .001*).Conclusion: Reorienting critically ill patients through recorded messages is an effective strategy to reduce the incidence of delirium. Furthermore, using a familiar family sound is more effective in reducing delirium as proved by the number of delirium free days. During the five-day intervention period, the family voice group shows more delirium free days than the unfamiliar voice group. The intervention used in this study is easy, costless and effective strategy in prevention of delirium among critically ill patients.
Use of Body Surface Area for Dosing of Vancomycin
Authors: Sawrey Elizabeth L. , Subramanian Mary W. , Ramirez Kacy A. , Snyder Brandy S. , Logston Brittany B. , Russell Gregory B. 
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVES Vancomycin weight-based dosing regimens often fail to achieve therapeutic trough serum concentration in children ≤12 years of age and rigorous studies evaluating efficacy and safety of body surface area (BSA)–based dosing regimens have not been performed. We compared vancomycin trough serum concentrations in pediatric patients receiving a weight- or BSA-based dosing regimen.
METHODS This was a single-center, retrospective study evaluating pediatric patients, ages 1 to 12 years, who received vancomycin from September 2012 to October 2015. Patients received a minimum of 3 consecutive doses at the same scheduled interval within a dosing regimen prior to a measured vancomycin serum trough concentration. The primary outcome was percentage of initial vancomycin trough concentrations ≥10 mg/L. The secondary outcomes were percentage of supratherapeutic, therapeutic, and subtherapeutic vancomycin serum concentration for all patients, including a subset of overweight and obese patients, and number of nephrotoxic occurrences.
RESULTS BSA-based dosing regimens resulted in 50% of the initial vancomycin trough concentrations ≥ 10 mg/L compared with 17% for the weight-based dosing regimens (p &lt; 0.0001). No statistically significant differences were noted between the 2 dosing regimens for supratherapeutic, therapeutic, or subtherapeutic trough concentrations for all patients, and for the subset of overweight and obese patients. Nephrotoxic occurrences were noted in 7% of the weight-based dosing regimens compared with none in the BSA-based dosing regimens.
CONCLUSIONS A BSA-based vancomycin dosing regimen resulted in significantly more initial vancomycin trough concentrations ≥10 mg/L and trended towards higher initial vancomycin trough concentrations without observable nephrotoxicity.