bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interleuchina 2 nel trattamento dei tumori superficiali della vescica
Authors: Gastaldi E. , Benvenuti S. , Mennini B. , Iacoviello M. , Caviglione M. , Traverso G.B. 
Published: November 2018

The Authors report their experience with interleukin 2 given intralesionally and subcutaneously in superficial bladder tumours after transurethral resection. The present study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy and tollerability of a subcutaneous immunotherapy with IL-2 in these tumours. The study included 16 patients with superficial bladder cancer (Ta-T1 G1-G2) and it showed that IL-2 is an effective and well-tolerated treatment of superficial bladder cancer but a longer follow-up period is necessary.
Access and Health System Impact of an Early Intervention Treatment Program for Emerging Adults with Mood and Anxiety Disorders
Authors: Anderson Kelly K. , John-Baptiste Ava , MacDougall Arlene G. , Li Lihua , Kurdyak Paul , Osuch Elizabeth A. 
Published: November 2018

Objectives: Early intervention programs are effective for improving outcomes in first-episode psychosis; however, less is known about their effectiveness for mood and anxiety disorders. We sought to evaluate the impact of an early intervention program for emerging adults with mood and anxiety disorders in the larger health system context, relative to standard care. Methods: Using health administrative data, we constructed a retrospective cohort of cases of mood and anxiety disorders among emerging adults aged 16 to 25 years in the catchment of the First Episode Mood and Anxiety Program (FEMAP) in London, Ontario, between 2009 and 2014. This cohort was linked to primary data from FEMAP to identify service users. We used proportional hazards models to compare indicators of service use between FEMAP users and a propensity score–matched group of nonusers receiving care elsewhere in the health system. Results: FEMAP users ( n = 490) had more rapid access to a psychiatrist relative to nonusers (hazard ratio [HR], 2.82; 95% confidence interval, 2.45 to 3.26; median time, 16 vs. 71 days). In the year following admission, FEMAP users also had lower rates of emergency department use for mental health reasons (HR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.99). We did not observe differences in psychiatric hospitalization rates. Conclusions: An early intervention model of care for mood and anxiety disorders is associated with better access to psychiatric care and lower use of the emergency department. Our findings suggest that early intervention services for mood and anxiety disorders may be beneficial from a health systems perspective, and further research on the effectiveness of this model of care is warranted.
Children Born With Congenital Zika Syndrome Display Atypical Gross Motor Development and a Higher Risk for Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Marques Fernanda J. P. , Teixeira Marta C. S. , Barra Rafael R. , de Lima Fernanda M. , Dias Bruno L. Scofano , Pupe Camila , Nascimento Osvaldo J. M. , Leyser Marcio 
Published: November 2018

Importance: Congenital Zika syndrome virus infection is said to interfere in children’s development. Objective: evaluate gross motor trajectories and the frequency of cerebral palsy in children with congenital Zika syndrome. Design: Cohort study applying the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) and the Bayley III Scales in infants from 6 to 18 months of age. Setting: The SARAH network, Rio de Janeiro. Participants: Thirty-nine infants whose diagnoses were established through clinical history, serology tests, and neuroimaging findings. Main outcomes and measures: Congenital Zika syndrome is associated with severe motor delays and is a risk factor to the diagnosis of cerebral palsy. Results: The Alberta Infant Motor Scale mean raw score at 6 months was 9.74 (SD 4.80) or equivalent to 2 to 3 months of motor developmental age. At the age of 12 months, 14.13 (SD 11.90), corresponding to 3 to 4 months of motor development age; the Bayley III Scales results correlated to the Alberta Infant Motor Scale ( P < .001) at this age. At 18 months, 15.77 (SD 13.80) or a motor development equivalent to 4 to 5 months of age. Thirty-five of 39 children (89.7%) met criteria for the diagnosis of cerebral palsy. Conclusions and relevance: Gross motor development marginally progresses from 6 to 18 months of age. These individuals also displayed a high frequency of cerebral palsy.
Trends in Sedentary and Physical Activity Behaviors in Incarcerated Adolescent Boys During a Sports, Play, and Recreation for Kids Program
Authors: Brusseau Timothy A. , Burns Ryan D. , Hannon James C. 
Published: November 2018

Purpose: To examine the trends in total and segmented sedentary and physical activity behaviors during a Sports, Play, and Recreation for Kids (SPARK) program in incarcerated adolescent boys. Design: Longitudinal trend analysis. Setting: Two juvenile justice facilities. Subjects: Eighty-six adolescent boys (mean age = 17.1 ± 1.0 years). Intervention: Sports, Play, and Recreation for Kids implemented over 36 weeks. Measures: Sedentary times and physical activity were examined at baseline and at 3 follow-up time points at 12, 24, and 36 weeks after SPARK implementation. Physical activity was assessed using the percentage of accelerometer wear time within each segment for sedentary (%SED) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (%MVPA). Analysis: Trends in %SED and %MVPA were assessed using 2 × 4 doubly multivariate analysis of variance tests. Results: For the total week, there was a significantly lower %SED (mean difference = −10.6%, P < .001) and significantly higher %MVPA (mean difference = +3.0%, P < .001) at the 24-week follow-up compared to baseline. There were also significantly lower %SED and higher %MVPA before school, after school, and during the weekends at 24-week follow-up compared to baseline ( P < .01). Conclusion: There were significantly lower sedentary times and higher levels of physical activity during the middle portions of the SPARK intervention in incarcerated adolescent boys, highlighting the potential of this intervention to affect sedentary and physical activity behaviors in the population.
Aboriginal women have a higher risk of cervical abnormalities at screening; South Australia, 1993–2016
Authors: Li Ming , Roder David , Whop Lisa J , Diaz Abbey , Baade Peter D , Brotherton Julia ML , Canfell Karen , Cunningham Joan , Garvey Gail , Moore Suzanne P , O’Connell Dianne L , Valery Patricia C , Condon John R 
Published: November 2018

Objective Cervical cancer mortality has halved in Australia since the national cervical screening program began in 1991, but elevated mortality rates persist for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women (referred to as Aboriginal women in this report). We investigated differences by Aboriginal status in abnormality rates predicted by cervical cytology and confirmed by histological diagnoses among screened women. Methods Using record linkage between cervical screening registry and public hospital records in South Australia, we obtained Aboriginal status of women aged 20–69 for 1993–2016 (this was not recorded by the registry). Differences in cytological abnormalities were investigated by Aboriginal status, using relative risk ratios from mixed effect multinomial logistic regression modelling. Odds ratios were calculated for histological high grade results for Aboriginal compared with non-Aboriginal women. Results Of 1,676,141 linkable cytology tests, 5.8% were abnormal. Abnormal results were more common for women who were younger, never married, and living in a major city or socioeconomically disadvantaged area. After adjusting for these factors and numbers of screening episodes, the relative risk of a low grade cytological abnormality compared with a normal test was 14% (95% confidence interval 5–24%) higher, and the relative risk of a high grade cytological abnormality was 61% (95% confidence interval 44–79%) higher, for Aboriginal women. The adjusted odds ratio of a histological high grade was 76% (95% confidence interval 46–113%) higher. Conclusions Ensuring that screen-detected abnormalities are followed up in a timely way by culturally acceptable services is important for reducing differences in cervical cancer rates between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal women.
Evaluation of Pro-re-Nata (PRN) and Treat and Extend Bevacizumab treatment protocols in Sorsby Fundus Dystrophy
Authors: Tsokolas Georgios , Almuhtaseb Hussein , Lotery Andrew 
Published: November 2018

Purpose: To describe long-term outcomes with intravitreal Bevacizumab for choroidal neovascularization secondary to Sorsby fundus dystrophy. Materials/methods: Observational case series. Results: Two sisters of the same family formally diagnosed with Sorsby fundus dystrophy were followed-up for 12 years. The elder sister (S1) presented with significant decline in vision due to choroidal neovascularization in her right eye (OD). She developed choroidal neovascularization 3 years later in her left eye (OS). She was treated with Bevacizumab intravitreal injections on a on a pro-re-nata (PRN) until April 2015, when a treat-and-extend (T&E) approach was adopted. Best corrected visual acuities at the time of switch to T&E were 1.09 OD and 0.85 LogMar OS. Best corrected visual acuities at the last follow-up were LogMar 1.1 OD and 0.82 OS. Her younger sister (S2) presented with best corrected visual acuities of LogMar 0.1 OD and 0.0 OS. She developed choroidal neovascularization 5 years later in both eyes. OS developed choroidal neovascularization 18 months after her right eye. She received Bevacizumab on a pro re nata basis until April 2015 when a switch to a T&E was performed. Best corrected visual acuity in the left eye at the switch to T&E was 0.34 LogMar. At the last follow-up, best corrected visual acuities were LogMar 1.2 OD and 0.29 OS. Conclusion: Bevacizumab is an effective therapy for choroidal neovascularization secondary to Sorsby fundus dystrophy. A T&E protocol appears more effective compared to pro re nata protocol in minimizing recurrence of choroidal neovascularization with potential secondary scar formation or atrophy.
Intrapelvic component retrieval via anterior inferior iliac spine osteotomy in revision total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Stickney William , Yoon Richard S , Patel Jay N , Klein David S , Haiduekwych George J , Liporace Frank A 
Published: November 2018

Introduction: In the revision setting, intrapelvic acetabular components provide a unique set of challenges for the treating surgeon. Retrieval is complicated by complex anatomical relationships within the pelvis and historically, surgeons have used multiple approaches to safely retrieve the cup. Case presentation: We present the case of a 53-year-old female with intrapelvic migration of the acetabular components of her total hip arthroplasty. Patient was treated through a novel, single incision approach with utilisation of an anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) osteotomy. Results: An AIIS osteotomy allows for improved visualisation within the pelvis and safe retrieval through a single exposure without compromising the ability to perform definitive, revision reconstruction. At 1-year follow-up, the patient has had no complications related to infection or failure of the implants. Ambulation is performed with the aid of a cane in the community with mild, occasional pain.
Comparing leukocyte-rich platelet-rich plasma injection with surgical intervention for the management of refractory tennis elbow. A prospective randomised trial
Authors: Watts AC , Morgan BW , Birch A , Nuttall D , Trail IA 
Published: November 2018

Background Patients with ongoing symptoms after non-operative treatment of lateral epicondylosis are usually treated with surgical release. Platelet-rich plasma injection is an alternative treatment option. This study aims to determine whether there is a difference in outcome from platelet-rich plasma injection or surgical release for refractory tennis elbow. Method Eighty-one patients with a diagnosis of tennis elbow for a minimum of six months, treated with previous steroid injection and a minimum visual analogue scale pain score of 50/100 were randomised to open surgery release (41 patients) or leucocyte rich platelet-rich plasma (L-PRP) (40 patients). Patients completed the Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation and Disability of the Arm Shoulder and Hand at baseline, 1.5, 3, 6 and 12 months post-intervention. The primary endpoint was change in Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation pain score at 12 months. Results Fifty-two patients completed final follow-up. Functional and pain scores improved in both groups. No differences in functional improvements were found but greater improvements in Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation pain scores were seen after surgery. Thirteen patients crossed over from platelet-rich plasma to surgery within 12 months, and one surgical patient underwent a platelet-rich plasma injection. Conclusion L-PRP and surgery produce equivalent functional outcome but surgery may result in lower pain scores at 12 months. Seventy per cent of patients treated with platelet-rich plasma avoided surgical intervention.
Detritic Synovitis With Osteolysis Leading to Pathologic Fracture and Deltoid Avulsion Following Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Guild Theodore , Onsen Leonard T , Rivers Marie , Cheski Rebecca , Bear Brian , Izquierdo Rolando 
Published: November 2018

Purpose To report a unique case of detritic synovitis with associated lytic lesion leading to pathologic fracture of the acromion and deltoid avulsion following total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA). Methods An institutional review board-approved retrospective case analysis was performed using Electronic Medical Records (EMR) sourced pathology and radiology results, clinic notes, and surgical reports. Case Description: We present the case of a 79-year-old woman with a surgical history significant for TSA who presented with new onset of shoulder pain. The patient was found to have a lytic lesion in the acromion secondary to an inflammatory reaction to polyethylene wear debris. The lytic lesion led to fracture of the acromion and avulsion of the deltoid muscle. The patient was treated with an open biopsy, culture, and repair of the deltoid avulsion. Discussion This is a previously unreported complication of TSA resulting from detritic synovitis, a destructive inflammatory reaction to polyethylene wear debris within an artificial joint. The differential diagnosis includes periprosthetic infection with osteomyelitis and metastatic disease. This patient presented with extensive osteolysis, pathologic fracture of the acromion and deltoid avulsion that was successfully treated with debridement and surgical repair of the deltoid. Conclusion As the prevalence of TSA rises, orthopedic surgeons should be aware of the possibility of detritic synovitis in patients who present with pain after shoulder arthroplasty with imaging studies demonstrating periarticular osteolysis.
LLIN Evaluation in Uganda Project (LLINEUP): factors associated with ownership and use of long-lasting insecticidal nets in Uganda: a cross-sectional survey of 48 districts
Authors: Gonahasa Samuel , Maiteki-Sebuguzi Catherine , Rugnao Sheila , Dorsey Grant , Opigo Jimmy , Yeka Adoke , Katureebe Agaba , Kyohere Mary , Lynd Amy , Hemingway Janet , Donnelly Martin , Kamya Moses R. , Staedke Sarah G. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Background
Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) are a key malaria control intervention. To investigate factors associated with ownership and use of LLINs in Uganda, a cross-sectional community survey was conducted in March–June 2017, approximately 3 years after a national Universal Coverage Campaign (UCC).

Methods
Households from 104 clusters (health sub-districts) in 48 districts were randomly selected using two-staged cluster sampling; 50 households were enrolled per cluster. Outcomes were household ownership of LLINs (at least one LLIN), adequate LLIN coverage (at least one LLIN per 2 residents), and use of LLINs (resident slept under a LLIN the previous night). Associations between variables of interest and outcomes were made using multivariate logistic regression.

Results
In total, 5196 households, with 29,627 residents and 6980 bed-nets, were included in the analysis. Overall, 65.0% of households owned at least one LLIN (down from 94% in 2014). In the adjusted analysis, factors most strongly associated with LLIN ownership were living in a wealthier household (highest tercile vs lowest; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.94, 95% CI 1.66–2.28, p < 0.001) and time since the last UCC (29–37 vs 42–53 months; aOR 1.91, 95% CI 1.60–2.28, p < 0.001). Only 17.9% of households had adequate LLIN coverage (down from 65% in 2014). Factors most strongly associated with adequate coverage were fewer residents (2–4 vs ≥ 7; aOR 6.52, 95% CI 5.13–8.29, p < 0.001), living in a wealthier household (highest tercile vs lowest; aOR: 2,32, 95% CI 1.88–2.85, p < 0.001) and time since the last UCC (29–37 vs 42–53 months; aOR 2.13, 95% CI 1.61–2.81, p < 0.001). Only 39.5% of residents used a LLIN the previous night. Age was strongly associated with LLIN use, as were household wealth and time since the last UCC. Children < 5 years (44.7%) and residents > 15 years (44.1%) were more likely to use nets than children aged 5–15 years (30.7%; < 5 years: aOR 1.71, 95% CI 1.62–1.81, p < 0.001; > 15 years: aOR 1.37, 95% CI 1.29–1.45, p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Long-lasting insecticidal net ownership and coverage have reduced markedly in Uganda since the last net distribution campaign in 2013/14. Houses with many residents, poorer households, and school-aged children should be targeted to improve LLIN coverage and use.
Trial registration This study is registered with ISRCTN (17516395)
Neuropsychiatric profile and psychotropic medication use in adults with autism spectrum disorder: results from the Australian Longitudinal Study of Adults with Autism
Authors: Cvejic Rachael C. , Arnold Samuel R. C. , Foley Kitty-Rose , Trollor Julian N. 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundChildren and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are a highly medicated group. Few studies have examined the neuropsychiatric profile and patterns of psychotropic medication use among adults with ASD.AimsTo describe and compare the neuropsychiatric profile and psychotropic medication use in a cohort of adults with ASD and non-autistic controls.MethodBaseline data from a survey-based, longitudinal study of adults with ASD in Australia. Participants were 188 adults with ASD and 115 controls aged 25–80 years.ResultsASD was associated with increased odds of psychotropic medication use even when controlling for the presence of any neurological or psychiatric disorder. There were no corresponding indications for 14.4% of psychotropic medications prescribed to adults with ASD.ConclusionsThis study found substantial psychotropic prescribing for adults with ASD. Patterns of psychotropic medication use may reflect prescribing for behavioural indications despite limited evidence to support this practice.Declaration of interestNone.
Plasma Acylcarnitines and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in a Mediterranean Population at High Cardiovascular Risk
Authors: Guasch-Ferré Marta , Ruiz-Canela Miguel , Li Jun , Zheng Yan , Bulló Mònica , Wang Dong D , Toledo Estefanía , Clish Clary , Corella Dolores , Estruch Ramon , Ros Emilio , Fitó Montserrat , Arós Fernando , Fiol Miquel , Lapetra José , Serra-Majem Lluís , Liang Liming , Papandreou Christopher , Dennis Courtney , Martínez-González Miguel A , Hu Frank B , Salas-Salvadó Jordi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractContextThe potential associations between acylcarnitine profiles and incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and whether acylcarnitines can be used to improve diabetes prediction remain unclear.ObjectiveTo evaluate the associations between baseline and 1-year changes in acylcarnitines and their diabetes predictive ability beyond traditional risk factors.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsWe designed a case-cohort study within the PREDIMED Study including all incident cases of T2D (n = 251) and 694 randomly selected participants at baseline (follow-up, 3.8 years). Plasma acylcarnitines were measured using a targeted approach by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. We tested the associations between baseline and 1-year changes in individual acylcarnitines and T2D risk using weighted Cox regression models. We used elastic net regressions to select acylcarnitines for T2D prediction and compute a weighted score using a cross-validation approach.ResultsAn acylcarnitine profile, especially including short- and long-chain acylcarnitines, was significantly associated with a higher risk of T2D independent of traditional risk factors. The relative risks of T2D per SD increment of the predictive model scores were 4.03 (95% CI, 3.00 to 5.42; P &lt; 0.001) for the conventional model and 4.85 (95% CI, 3.65 to 6.45; P &lt; 0.001) for the model including acylcarnitines, with a hazard ratio of 1.33 (95% CI, 1.08 to 1.63; P &lt; 0.001) attributed to the acylcarnitines. Including the acylcarnitines into the model did not significantly improve the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (0.86 to 0.88, P = 0.61). A 1-year increase in C4OH-carnitine was associated with higher risk of T2D [per SD increment, 1.44 (1.03 to 2.01)].ConclusionsAn acylcarnitine profile, mainly including short- and long-chain acylcarnitines, was significantly associated with higher T2D risk in participants at high cardiovascular risk. The inclusion of acylcarnitines into the model did not significantly improve the T2D prediction C-statistics beyond traditional risk factors, including fasting glucose.
Functional Analysis of Genetic Variation in the SECIS Element of Thyroid Hormone Activating Type 2 Deiodinase
Authors: Zevenbergen Chantal , Groeneweg Stefan , Swagemakers Sigrid M A , de Jong Arthur , Medici-Van den Herik Evita , Rispens Madzy , Klootwijk Wim , Medici Marco , de Rijke Yolanda B , Meima Marcel E , Larsen P Reed , Chavatte Laurent , Venter Deon , Peeters Robin P , Van der Spek Peter J , Visser W Edward 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Context
Thyroid hormone is important for normal brain development. The type 2 deiodinase (D2) controls thyroid hormone action in the brain by activating T4 to T3. The enzymatic activity of D2 depends on the incorporation of selenocysteine for which the selenocysteine-insertion sequence (SECIS) element located in the 3′ untranslated region is indispensable. We hypothesized that mutations in the SECIS element could affect D2 function, resulting in a neurocognitive phenotype.

Objective
To identify mutations in the SECIS element of DIO2 in patients with intellectual disability and to test their functional consequences.

Design, Setting, and Patients
The SECIS element of DIO2 was sequenced in 387 patients with unexplained intellectual disability using a predefined pattern of thyroid function tests. SECIS element read-through in wild-type or mutant D2 was quantified by a luciferase reporter system in transfected cells. Functional consequences were assessed by quantifying D2 activity in cell lysate or intact cell metabolism studies.

Results
Sequence analysis revealed 2 heterozygous mutations: c.5703C&gt;T and c.5730A&gt;T, which were also present in the unaffected family members. The functional evaluation showed that both mutations did not affect D2 enzyme activity in cell lysates or intact cells, although the 5730A&gt;T mutation decreased SECIS element read-through by 75%. In the patient harboring the c.5730A&gt;T variant, whole genome sequencing revealed a pathogenic deletion of the STXBP1 gene.

Conclusions
We report on two families with mutations in the SECIS element of D2. Although functional analysis showed that nucleotide 5730 is important for normal SECIS element read-through, the two variants did not segregate with a distinct phenotype.