bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SNAP-25 isoforms differentially regulate synaptic transmission and long-term synaptic plasticity at central synapses
Authors: Irfan Muhammad , Gopaul Katisha R. , Miry Omid , Hökfelt Tomas , Stanton Patric K. , Bark Christina 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSNAP-25 exists as two developmentally regulated alternatively spliced isoforms, SNAP-25a and SNAP-25b. We explored the function of SNAP-25a and SNAP-25b at Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses in hippocampus using 4-week-old wild-type (WT) and SNAP-25b-deficient (MT) mice. Characterizing the protein expression of individual SNAP-25 isoforms revealed that WT females had higher levels of SNAP-25a than WT males, suggesting a sex-dependent delay of the alternative splicing switch from SNAP-25a to SNAP-25b. MT mice expressed normal levels of total SNAP-25, Syntaxin 1A and SNAP-47 in the hippocampus, but females expressed lower levels of VAMP2. Electrophysiological recordings in in vitro hippocampal slices revealed significantly reduced magnitude of LTP in MT mice. We also found reduction in paired-pulse facilitation after induction of LTP in WT males, but not in WT females, possibly related to the difference in SNAP-25a/SNAP-25b ratios, suggesting that the splicing switch may play a sex-specific role in LTP-associated increases in presynaptic release probability. Basal synaptic transmission measured in input-output relations revealed that the ability to discriminate between the intensity of presynaptic stimuli was affected in SNAP-25b-deficient mice. Learning in a behavioural paradigm of active-avoidance was impaired in MT mice, strengthening the conclusion that SNAP-25b is important for cognitive performance by altering activity-dependent synaptic plasticity.
Gender, age and socioeconomic variation in 24-hour physical activity by wrist-worn accelerometers: the FinHealth 2017 Survey
Authors: Wennman Heini , Pietilä Arto , Rissanen Harri , Valkeinen Heli , Partonen Timo , Mäki-Opas Tomi , Borodulin Katja 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAssessing movement over 24 hours increases our understanding of the total physical activity level and its patterns. In the FinHealth 2017 Survey, a population-based health examination study, 940 participants between 25 and 93 years were instructed to wear an accelerometer (Actigraph GT9X Link) on their non-dominant wrist for 24 hours on 7 consecutive days. Physical activity information was extracted from 100-Hz triaxial 60-second epoch data as average vector magnitude counts per minute (VM cpm). Results were analyzed by gender, 10-year age-groups, employment status, and education. Hourly means were plotted and compared. Analyses included 915 participants (44% men) who wore the device at least 10 hours on 4 or more days, with mean wear time being 149.5 hours (standard deviation of 615.2 minutes).Women had higher average VM cpm than men (p < 0.001), with significant gender differences in all age-groups until 65 years and older. Total physical activity was lower with age, unemployment, and retirement, where the hourly patterns mirrored the findings. Our findings agree with previous large-scale wrist-accelerometry data, but extend current knowledge by providing data on gender and socioeconomic variation in physical activity across 24 hours in a population-based adult sample representing a broad age range.
Microbial models with minimal mineral protection can explain long-term soil organic carbon persistence
Authors: Woolf Dominic , Lehmann Johannes 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSoil organic carbon (SOC) models currently in widespread use omit known microbial processes, and assume the existence of a SOC pool whose intrinsic properties confer persistence for centuries to millennia, despite evidence from priming and aggregate turnover that cast doubt on the existence of SOC with profound intrinsic stability. Here we show that by including microbial interactions in a SOC model, persistence can be explained as a feedback between substrate availability, mineral protection and microbial population size, without invoking an unproven pool that is intrinsically stable for centuries. The microbial SOC model based on this concept reproduces long-term data (r2 = 0.92; n = 90), global SOC distribution (rmse = 4.7 +/− 0.6 kg C m−2), and total global SOC in the top 0.3 m (822 Pg C) accurately. SOC dynamics based on a microbial feedback without stable pools are thus consistent with global SOC distribution. This has important implications for carbon management, suggesting that relatively fast cycling, rather than recalcitrant, SOC must form the primary target of efforts to build SOC stocks.
Resonator-free optical bistability based on epsilon-near-zero mode
Authors: Kim Myunghwan , Kim Sangin , Kim Soeun 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA majority of existing research on optical bistability rely on resonant schemes using nonlinear materials, which inevitably require a trade-off between the switching intensity and response time. In this work, we propose a novel non-resonant scheme, which utilizes strong light enhancement of the epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) mode to realize optical bistability. We used graphene as a non-linear ENZ material and designed an integrated optical bistability device composed of a graphene-embedded Si waveguide, which supports an ENZ mode. The proposed scheme can overcome the trade-off necessary in resonance-based optical bistability, and the designed optical bistability device simultaneously allows for a short response time (~200 fs) and low switching intensity (~700 kW/cm2).
Do we know how mosquito disease vectors will respond to climate change?
Authors: Andriamifidy Rija Falimanalina , Tjaden Nils Benjamin , Beierkuhnlein Carl , Thomas Stephanie Margarete 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Mosquito-borne diseases are on the rise globally. Besides invasion processes and the increasing connectivity between distant regions through the trade of goods and human mobility, climate change is seen as an important driver for changing the likelihood of occurrence of vectors and diseases, respectively. Ectothermic insects respond directly to thermal conditions and thus we can expect them to follow climatic trends. However, a variety of species and different stages in their life cycles need to be considered. Here, we review the current literature in this field and disentangle the state of knowledge and the challenges and open questions for future research. The integration of diurnal temperature ranges in prospective experimental studies will strongly improve the knowledge of mosquitoes’ ecology and mosquito-borne disease transmission for temperate regions in particular. In addition, invasive mosquitoes are known to rapidly adapt to the climatic conditions, but the underlying processes are not yet fully understood.
CXCR4-gerichtete Endoradiotherapie von hämatologischen Erkrankungen
Authors: Lapa Constantin , Hänscheid Heribert , Kortüm K. , Wester Hans-Jürgen , Buck Andreas 
Published: April 2019

ZusammenfassungDer C-X-C Chemokinrezeptor 4 (CXCR4) spielt sowohl in der Physiologie als auch Pathologie des Menschen eine wichtige Rolle, so z. B. in der Embryo- und Organogenese, im Rahmen des Homings von Stamm- und Progenitorzellen in das Knochenmark oder bei der Orchestration der Entzündungsantwort auf inflammatorische oder infektiöse Prozesse. Da eine Überexpression des Rezeptors für über 20 verschiedene Tumorentitäten nachgewiesen werden konnte und dieser sowohl die Tumorigenese als auch Metastasierung fördert, stellt er eine hochinteressante Zielstruktur für die Onkologie dar.Für die nicht invasive Bildgebung von CXCR4 wurden in den letzten Jahren mehrere spezifische Radiotracer für diesen Chemokinrezeptor entwickelt, wobei der klinisch bisher am häufigsten eingesetzte PET-Tracer 68Ga-Pentixafor an der TU München in der Arbeitsgruppe von Hans-Jürgen Wester entwickelt wurde. Als therapeutischer Partner steht dem 68Ga-Pentixafor das Pentixather zur Seite, das für therapeutische Zwecke mit α- und β-Emittern markiert werden kann. Das CXCR4-gerichtete theranostische Konzept konnte erfolgreich in die Klinik transferiert werden. Bis heute wurden über 40 Endoradiotherapien mit 90Y- oder 177Lu-markiertem Pentixather durchgeführt, wobei die größte Erfahrung für den Einsatz bei hämatologischen Neoplasien wie dem Multiplen Myelom, dem diffusen großzelligen B-Zell-Lymphom und der akuten myeloischen Leukämie besteht. Die CXCR4-gerichtete Endoradiotherapie ist hierbei Teil der Konditionierungstherapie vor geplanter Stammzelltransplantation und hat sich als gut verträgliche, nebenwirkungsarme Option auch bei extensiv vorbehandelten Patienten erwiesen. Zukünftige Studien (z. B. die COLPRIT-Studie) werden weiteren Aufschluss über die Wirksamkeit und den Stellenwert der Pentixather-Therapie bei hämatologischen Erkrankungen liefern.
124J/131J-Theranostik des Natrium-Iodid-Symporters beim Schilddrüsenkarzinom
Authors: Kreißl Michael , Jentzen Walter , Janssen Marcel , Gotthardt Martin , Nagarajah James 
Published: April 2019

ZusammenfassungEines der vielversprechendsten Konzepte in der Nuklearmedizin ist die Theranostik, die im Wesentlichen die Diagnostik und Therapie eines bestimmten Targets beinhaltet, insbesondere, wenn es darum geht, Krebstherapien zu optimieren und zu individualisieren. In der Nuklearmedizin werden Theranostika bereits seit über 60 Jahren in der klinischen Routine mit 131J/123J für diagnostische und therapeutische Zwecke bei Schilddrüsenerkrankungen eingesetzt. Dieser Artikel gibt einen kurzen Überblick über die Verwendung von 2 Radioiod-Isotopen (131J und 124J) für das Targeting des Natrium-Iodid-Symporters bei Schilddrüsenkarzinomen und nicht thyreoidalen Tumoren. Insbesondere wird die Rolle der 124J-basierten Dosimetrie diskutiert. Abschließend zeigen wir an einem Patientenbeispiel, wie die Expression des Natrium-Iodid-Symporters bei einem Patienten mit radioiod-refraktärem fortgeschrittenem Schilddrüsenkarzinom durch Medikamente manipuliert werden kann.
Theoretical study of the low-energy electron-collision cross sections of isomers HOOCl, HOClO and HClOO in gas phase
Authors: Fujimoto Milton M , Ribas Mylena H , Hummel Jhenifer M , de Souza Gabriel L C , Tennyson Jonathan 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Cross sections for the elastic electron scattering by HOOCl, HOClO and HClOO isomers are calculated using the R-matrix method. A systematic study considering basis set, polarisation and the Born closure technique is performed. Low-energy resonances are found for both HOOCl and HOClO, near 1.7 and 1.2 eV respectively, but not for HClOO. The lowest-energy resonance for HClOO is observed at 4.5 eV. Basis sets and polarisation effects on the differential cross sections are found to be important for scattering energies below 5 eV for HOOCl and HOClO due to the presence of these resonances. The dependence of the molecular dipole moment on target basis set used affects the integral cross sections (ICS) results. The ICS for HOClO is larger than other two isomers due to its larger dipole moment, around 3.2 D, while the ICS for HOOCl and HClOO have similar magnitude as both their dipole moments are near 1.9 D. Estimated dissociative electron attachment (DEA) cross sections suggest that HOOCl and HOClO will undergo DEA with low-energy electrons but that HClOO requires higher-energy electrons to undergo DEA.
On the parabolicity of dipolar exciton traps and their population of excess charge carriers
Authors: Dietl S , Sigl L , Sponfeldner L , Gardner G , Manfra M , Kotthaus J P , Wurstbauer U , Holleitner A W 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
We study spatially trapped ensembles of dipolar excitons in coupled quantum wells by means of photoluminescence and photocurrent spectroscopy. The photogenerated excitons are confined in very clean GaAs double quantum well structures and electrostatically trapped by local gate electrodes. We find that the common approach of electrostatic trap geometries can give rise to an in-plane imbalance of charge carriers especially when an over-barrier excitation is utilized. The excess charge carriers can give rise to an effective parabolic confinement potential for the excitons. In photoluminescence spectra, we identify the emission of both neutral indirect excitons and states influenced by the excess charge carrier density. We find that the charge imbalance in the excitonic ensemble strongly influences the radiative lifetimes of both. Our findings shine a new light on the properties of trapped dipolar exciton ensembles. This is of significant relevance to common interpretations of experimental results in terms of signatures for the formation of ‘dark’ and ‘gray’ excitonic condensates.
Long live the Higgs factory: Higgs decays to long-lived particles at future lepton colliders *
Authors: Alipour-fard Samuel , Craig Nathaniel , Jiang Minyuan , Koren Seth 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
We initiate the study of exotic Higgs decays to long-lived particles (LLPs) at proposed future lepton colliders, focusing on scenarios with displaced hadronic final states. Our analysis entails a realistic tracker-based search strategy involving the reconstruction of displaced secondary vertices and the imposition of selection cuts appropriate for eliminating the largest irreducible backgrounds. The projected sensitivity is broadly competitive with that of the LHC and potentially superior at lower LLP masses. In addition to forecasting branching ratio limits, which may be freely interpreted in a variety of model frameworks, we interpret our results in the parameter space of a Higgs portal Hidden Valley and various incarnations of neutral naturalness, illustrating the complementarity between direct searches for LLPs and precision Higgs coupling measurements at future lepton colliders.
Monopole effects, core excitations, and

decay in the A= 130 hole nuclei near 132Sn *
Authors: Wang Han-Kui , Li Zhi-Hong , Yuan Cen-Xi , Chen Zhi-Qiang , Wang Ning , Qin Wei , He Yi-Qi 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The proton and neutron cross-shell excitations across the Z= 50 shell are investigated in the southwest quadrant of 132Sn by large-scale shell-model calculations with extended pairing and multipole-multipole force. The model space allows proton (neutron) core excitations, and both the low- and high-energy states for 130In are well described, as found by comparison with the experimental data. The monopole effects between the proton orbit

and neutron orbit

are studied as the new monopole correction that perfectly reproduces the first 1+ level in 130In. The energy interval of proton (neutron) core excitations in 130In lies in the range of 4.5−6.5 (2.0−4.1) MeV, and the high energy yrast states are predicted as neutron core excitations. The

decays are calculated among the A=130 nuclei of 130In, 130Sn and 130Cd.
Possibilities for synthesis of new neutron-deficient isotopes of superheavy nuclei *
Authors: Bao Xiao-Jun 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This study investigates the optimal projectile/target combination for the production of new neutron-deficient isotopes of superheavy nuclei (SHN). To this end, the dependence of the evaporation residue cross-section (ERCS) used to synthesize SHN on the mass asymmetry and the isospin of colliding nuclei are analyzed within the dinuclear system (DNS) concept. The predicted ERCSs for the production of new neutron-deficient isotopes of SHN were found to be quite large with the 36S projectile, and the cross-section of SHN decreases slowly with the charge of compound nuclei owing to the increase in their survival probability,

. Wsur is not canceled by the decreasing probability, PCN, that the system will evolve from a touching configuration to the compound nucleus in competition with the quasifission process.
Accelerated quantum walk, two-particle entanglement generation and localization
Authors: Singh Shivani , Balu Radhakrishnan , Laflamme Raymond , Chandrashekar C M 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
We present a scheme to describe the dynamics of accelerating discrete-time quantum walk for one- and two-particle in position space. We show the effect of acceleration in enhancing the entanglement between the particle and position space in one-particle quantum walk and in generation of entanglement between the two unentangled particle in two-particle quantum walk. By introducing the disorder in the form of phase operator we study the transition from localization to delocalization as a function of acceleration. These inter-winding connection between acceleration, entanglement generation and localization along with well established connection of quantum walks with Dirac equation can be used to probe further in the direction of understanding the connection between acceleration, mass and entanglement in relativistic quantum mechanics and quantum field theory. Expansion of operational tools for quantum simulations and for modelling quantum dynamics of accelerated particle using quantum walks is an other direction where these results can play an important role.
The Integrative Biology of Gecko Adhesion: Historical Review, Current Understanding, and Grand Challenges
Authors: Russell Anthony P , Stark Alyssa Y , Higham Timothy E 
Published: April 2019

AbstractGeckos are remarkable in their ability to reversibly adhere to smooth vertical, and even inverted surfaces. However, unraveling the precise mechanisms by which geckos do this has been a long process, involving various approaches over the last two centuries. Our understanding of the principles by which gecko adhesion operates has advanced rapidly over the past 20 years and, with this knowledge, material scientists have attempted to mimic the system to create artificial adhesives. From a biological perspective, recent studies have examined the diversity in morphology, performance, and real-world use of the adhesive apparatus. However, the lack of multidisciplinarity is likely a key roadblock to gaining new insights. Our goals in this paper are to 1) present a historical review of gecko adhesion research, 2) discuss the mechanisms and morphology of the adhesive apparatus, 3) discuss the origin and performance of the system in real-world contexts, 4) discuss advancement in bio-inspired design, and 5) present grand challenges in gecko adhesion research. To continue to improve our understanding, and to more effectively employ the principles of gecko adhesion for human applications, greater intensity and scope of interdisciplinary research are necessary.
Heterochronic Shifts Mediate Ecomorphological Convergence in Skull Shape of Microcephalic Sea Snakes
Authors: Sherratt Emma , Sanders Kate L , Watson Amy , Hutchinson Mark N , Lee Michael S Y , Palci Alessandro 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Morphological variation among the viviparous sea snakes (Hydrophiinae), a clade of fully aquatic elapid snakes, includes an extreme “microcephalic” ecomorph that has a very small head atop a narrow forebody, while the hind body is much thicker (up to three times the forebody girth). Previous research has demonstrated that this morphology has evolved at least nine times as a consequence of dietary specialization on burrowing eels, and has also examined morphological changes to the vertebral column underlying this body shape. The question addressed in this study is what happens to the skull during this extreme evolutionary change? Here we use X-ray micro-computed tomography and geometric morphometric methods to characterize cranial shape variation in 30 species of sea snakes. We investigate ontogenetic and evolutionary patterns of cranial shape diversity to understand whether cranial shape is predicted by dietary specialization, and examine whether cranial shape of microcephalic species may be a result of heterochronic processes. We show that the diminutive cranial size of microcephalic species has a convergent shape that is correlated with trophic specialization to burrowing prey. Furthermore, their cranial shape is predictable for their size and very similar to that of juvenile individuals of closely related but non-microcephalic sea snakes. Our findings suggest that heterochronic changes (resulting in pedomorphosis) have driven cranial shape convergence in response to dietary specializations in sea snakes.
Utilization of maternity waiting homes: before, during, and after the Ebola virus disease outbreak in Bong County, Liberia
Authors: Perosky Joseph E , McLean Karina Z , Kofa Alphonso , Nyanplu Aloysius , Munro-Kramer Michelle L , Lori Jody R 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background
Maternity waiting homes (MWHs) are used to increase the number of women delivering at health care facilities. The first MWHs in Liberia were opened in 2012, prior to the Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak.

Methods
Longitudinal data were collected from registries on MWH use, antenatal care, postnatal care and facility deliveries from 2012 to 2016 to assess MWH utilization.

Results
All indicators examined declined during the EVD outbreak, but within 6 months of the cessation of the outbreak they returned to pre-EVD levels.

Conclusions
Findings suggest MWH utilization remained stable after international funding ceased and EV affected the region.
Tryptophan requirements in small, medium, and large breed adult dogs using the indicator amino acid oxidation technique1
Authors: Templeman James R , Mansilla Wilfredo D , Fortener Lisa , Shoveller Anna K 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Tryptophan (Trp) is an indispensable amino acid (AA) for dogs of all life stages; however, although Trp requirements for growing dogs are derived from 3 dose–response studies, there are no empirical data on Trp requirements for adult dogs at maintenance. The study objective was to determine Trp requirements of adult dogs of 3 different breeds using the indicator amino acid oxidation (IAAO) technique. Four spayed or neutered Miniature Dachshunds (5.28 ± 0.29 kg BW), 4 spayed Beagles (9.32 ± 0.41 kg BW), and 5 neutered Labrador Retrievers (30.51 ± 2.09 kg BW) were used. After a 14-d adaptation to a Trp-adequate basal diet (Trp = 0.482% dry matter), all dogs were fed a mildly Trp-deficient diet for 2 d (Trp = 0.092% dry matter) before being randomly allocated to receiving 1 of 7 concentrations of Trp supplementation (final Trp content in experimental diets was 0.092, 0.126, 0.148, 0.182, 0.216, 0.249, and 0.283% dry matter) and all dogs received all Trp treatments. After 2-d adaptation to the experimental diets, dogs underwent individual IAAO studies. Total feed was divided in 13 equal meals; at the sixth meal, dogs were fed a bolus of L-[1-13C]-Phenylalanine (Phe) (9.40 mg/kg BW), and thereafter, L-[1-13C]-Phe was supplied (2.4 mg/kg BW) with every meal. Total production of 13CO2 during isotopic steady state was determined by enrichment of 13CO2 in breath samples and total production of CO2 measured using indirect calorimetry. The maintenance requirement for Trp and the 95% confidence interval (CI) were determined using a 2-phase linear regression model. Mean Trp requirements were estimated at 0.154, 0.218, and 0.157% (dry-matter) for Dachshunds, Beagles, and Labradors, respectively. The upper 95% CI were 0.187, 0.269, and 0.204% (dry-matter) for Dachshunds, Beagles, and Labradors. In conclusion, estimated Trp requirements are higher for Beagles compared with Labradors or Dachshunds, and all estimated requirements are higher than those currently recommended by the NRC and AAFCO.