bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anatomical categorization of insulo‐opercular focal cortical dysplasia and the spatial patterns of stereoelectroencephalography
Authors: Yang Bowen , Luo Weiyuan , Zhao Baotian , Zhang Chao , Wang Xiu , Mo Jiajie , Zheng Zhong , Shao Xiaoqiu , Zhang Jianguo , Zhang Kai , Hu Wenhan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study was undertaken to anatomically categorize insulo‐opercular focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) lesions according to their location and extent, and to summarize corresponding stereoelectroencephalographic (SEEG) patterns to guide preoperative evaluation and surgical planning.MethodsPatients who underwent epilepsy surgery for insulo‐opercular FCD between 2015 and 2022 were enrolled. FCD lesions were categorized into insular, peri‐insular, opercular, and complex types based on their location and extent, as ascertained from electroclinical and neuroimaging data. SEEG signals from the seizure onset electrodes were collected for quantitative analysis. The normalized interictal spike counts, high‐frequency oscillation (HFO) counts, and ictal epileptogenicity index (EI) values of the insular and opercular channels were calculated. The spatial patterns of the spike counts, HFO counts, and EI values were analyzed. Cluster analyses utilizing spike counts, HFO counts, and EI values were performed for automatic categorization, and the results were compared with the manual categorization from the preoperative evaluations.ResultsA total of 53 patients were included, comprising 10 insular, 17 peri‐insular, 24 opercular, and two complex cases. Thirty‐eight patients were included in the quantitative SEEG analysis. Spike, HFO, and EI analyses indicated that in insular FCDs, the values of the three parameters were higher in insular channels than in opercular channels. In peri‐insular FCDs, the values in insular and opercular channels were comparable, whereas in opercular FCDs, the values were higher in opercular channels than in insular channels. The accuracies of the cluster analysis based on the spike counts, HFO counts, and EI values were 71.05% (27/38), 76.32% (29/38), and 86.84% (33/38), respectively. Surgical strategies were proposed according to the anatomical categorization, achieving a favorable postoperative seizure‐free rate of 84.91%.SignificanceInsulo‐opercular FCDs can be categorized into insular, peri‐insular, opercular, and complex types. SEEG patterns can facilitate the automatic categorization of insulo‐opercular FCDs, thereby enhancing preoperative planning and surgical outcomes.
Densification behavior of ultrafine WC‐based composites with AlxCoCrCuFeNi high‐entropy alloy binders
Authors: Luo Wenyan , Liu Yunzhong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractUltrafine WC‐based cemented carbides with 10 wt.%AlxCoCrCuFeNi high‐entropy alloy (HEA) binders were fabricated by spark plasma sintering, and the effects of HEA binders on the densification behavior of the WC‐HEA cemented carbides were studied. The densification of the WC‐HEA cemented carbide, as well as traditional WC‐Co, can be divided into the slow densification stage, rapid densification stage, and final densification stage. The densification behavior of the WC‐HEA cemented carbides largely depends on the performance of the HEA binder during the SPS process. The sluggish diffusion effect of HEA weakens the diffusion of W atom on the powder particle surface and inhibits the growth of WC grain. Consequently, the disappearance of pores in the sintered compact is hindered, which leads to a low relative density of the WC‐HEA cemented carbide. With the increase of Al content, the inhibitory effect of the AlxCoCrCuFeNi binder on the growth of WC grain is suppressed, and an Al‐containing phase with a low melting point is more likely to form. Therefore, the relative density of the WC‐10 wt.%AlxCoCrCuFeNi cemented carbide raises linearly with increasing Al content of the HEA binder.
Effect of patient‐contextual skin images in human‐ and artificial intelligence‐based diagnosis of melanoma: Results from the 2020 SIIM‐ISIC melanoma classification challenge
Authors: Kurtansky Nicholas R. , Primiero Clare A. , Betz‐Stablein Brigid , Combalia Marc , Guitera Pascale , Halpern Allan , Kentley Jonathan , Kittler Harald , Liopyris Konstantinos , Malvehy Josep , Rinner Christoph , Tschandl Philipp , Weber Jochen , Rotemberg Veronica , Soyer H. Peter 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundWhile the high accuracy of reported AI tools for melanoma detection is promising, the lack of holistic consideration of the patient is often criticized. Along with medical history, a dermatologist would also consider intra‐patient nevi patterns, such that nevi that are different from others on a given patient are treated with suspicion.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether patient‐contextual lesion‐images improves diagnostic accuracy for melanoma in a dermoscopic image‐based AI competition and a human reader study.MethodsAn international online AI competition was held in 2020. The task was to classify dermoscopy images as melanoma or benign lesions. A multi‐source dataset of dermoscopy images grouped by patient were provided, and additional use of public datasets was permitted. Competitors were judged on area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) on a private leaderboard. Concurrently, a human reader study was hosted using a subset of the test data. Participants gave their initial diagnosis of an index case (melanoma vs. benign) and were then presented with seven additional lesion‐images of that patient before giving a second prediction of the index case. Outcome measures were sensitivity and specificity.ResultsThe top 50 of 3308 AI competition entries achieved AUROC scores ranging from 0.943 to 0.949. Few algorithms considered intra‐patient lesion patterns and instead most evaluated images independently. The median sensitivity and specificity of human readers before receiving contextual images were 60.0% and 86.7%, and after were 60.0% and 85.7%. Human and AI algorithm performance varied by image source.ConclusionThis study provided an open‐source state‐of‐the‐art algorithm for melanoma detection that has been evaluated at multiple centres. Patient‐contextual images did not positively impact performance of AI algorithms or human readers. Providing seven contextual images and no total body image may have been insufficient to test the applicability of the intra‐patient lesion patterns.
Reformulating the Critique of Human Capital Theory
Authors: Auerbach Paul , Green Francis 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTDespite criticism, human capital theory (HCT) has remained central for six decades to the teaching and practice of economics. This paper reformulates the critique of HCT, focusing on two aspects that are typically relegated to the margin. The first of these is the pervasive presence of the external effects of learning, which is paid lip service in formal expositions of HCT but marginalized in the bulk of empirical work and policy advice. Similarly, marginalized are the social determinants of education demand. We show that the embedding of HCT in methodological individualism makes impossible the incorporation of key, non‐peripheral factors that affect the demand for, and effects of education. The resultant tensions from the use of an individualistic methodology to explain inherently social phenomena have been accommodated within HCT by ignoring them. The outcome is problematic in important fields of socioeconomic inquiry, several examples of which are noted in this paper. We conclude by advocating a new research agenda and revised program for the training of economists concerned with learning that includes behavioral economics, applications to education of the capability approach, and an expansion of empirical research on the external effects of education in historical and contemporaneous contexts.
Re‐Purposing Business Schools: Potential, Progress, and Precarity
Authors: Kitchener Martin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWith recent management studies of organizational purpose concentrating on the reactions of corporate elites to external change stimuli, little attention has been given to the emergent phenomenon of internally‐driven business school re‐purposing. Breaking with a tradition of incremental change in the field, re‐purposing denotes a transformational process that arises from business school leaders' attempts to focus their organizations on the pursuit of their purpose to enhance the public good, from management scholarship and the way that business schools operate. This paper frames business school re‐purposing as the endogenous enactment of a purpose logic, and it draws from early cases in the UK and France to present an analysis of the leadership activity involved. The potential for further business school re‐purposing is assessed critically with reference to general challenges of infusing purpose into organizations, and the specific threats posed by a field that is dominated by a countervailing logic of purpose, a conservative approach to management, and increasing financial pressures.
Tensile bond strength of soft relining materials to CAD‐CAM denture base materials
Authors: Li Rui , Al Mozayen Ahmed , McCluskey Tyler , Clark Wendy A. , Sadid‐Zadeh Ramtin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to investigate the tensile bond strength between soft relining materials and different denture base materials.Materials and MethodsThe study was conducted in accordance with ISO 23401:2023. A total of 288 rectangular specimens (10L × 10H × 20W mm) were fabricated from various denture base materials, including a heat‐compression polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), two types of milled PMAA, and three types of 3D‐printed resins, with bonding using two chairside soft reline materials (Coe‐Soft and Lynal). Specimens were placed in distilled water for 24 h before applying tensile force at a 5 mm/min crosshead speed. The tensile bond strength values (MPa) were calculated at maximum tensile force (N) before failure. Two‐way ANOVA and post hoc multiple comparison tests were used to assess the effect of denture base and soft reline materials on the tensile bond strength (α = 0.05).ResultsA significant difference in the tensile bond strength was found among the different types of denture base materials (p < 0.001), regardless of relining material type. Lynal‐relined milled IvoBase demonstrated the highest tensile bond strength (0.5 ± 0.06 MPa), followed by Lynal‐relined milled Lucitone (0.44 ± 0.03 MPa), both of which are clinically acceptable as they are equal or greater 0.44 MPa. The lowest tensile bond strength was detected in Lynal‐relined 3D printed FotoDent (0.09 ± 0.02 MPa). Lynal exhibited significantly higher tensile bond strength (p < 0.05) than Coe‐Soft soft reline material when bonded to PMMA bases; however, there was no significant difference between Lynal and Coe‐Soft when bonded to 3D‐printed base materials (p > 0.05).ConclusionsThe tensile bond strength between soft relining materials and denture bases is material‐dependent, influenced by both the type of denture base material and the type of soft relining material used.
Developing a toolkit to support parents’ involvement in child death review: an experience-based co-design study
Authors: Garstang Joanna Jane , Spry Jenna , Routledge Gayle , Pease Anna , Shaw Karen L , Kenyon Sara 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundUnderstanding why children die is important for grieving parents and for informing system improvements aimed at prevention and future care. Many countries have child death review (CDR) process, but little is known about how best to engage parents. The aim of this study was to use experience-based co-design to create a toolkit to support parental involvement in CDR.MethodsA survey of English paediatric intensive care units (PICUs) and palliative care services explored practices and identified a diverse sample of sites for professional interviews. Bereaved parents were recruited through charities, hospitals and social media. Semistructured interviews were held with parents and professionals followed by co-design workshops to develop the toolkit.ResultsThere were 29 survey responses, 13 out of 21 from PICUs and 16 out of 34 from palliative care.21 multidisciplinary healthcare professionals were interviewed.23 bereaved parents of children who died aged 0–18 years in 2021–2022, either during hospital admission or under palliative care were, interviewed.10 parents and 23 professionals participated in co-design meetings. Key emotional touchpoints identified from parents’ experiences were: becoming aware of CDR meetings, being asked for input, knowing the date and receiving feedback. All agreed on the importance of involving parents, with clear communication, and need for resources and training for key workers.The toolkit includes training videos, a standardised pathway including template letters, feedback form, easy-read leaflet and an animation explaining the importance of involving parents.ConclusionsCo-design has successfully supported the development of a toolkit of resources in a sensitive area. It required considerable support from bereavement support organisations and researchers. Future evaluation is required.Trial registration numberISRCTN14790455.
We should do better in accounting for multiple births in neonatal randomised trials: a methodological systematic review
Authors: Robledo Kristy P , Libesman Sol , Yelland Lisa Nicole 
Published: December 2024

ObjectiveTo conduct a methodological systematic review of multicentre trials of premature infants to (1) determine if and how multiple births have been considered in the design, analysis and reporting of recent trials and (2) assess whether there has been an improvement since the last review was conducted 10 years ago.DesignA systematic search was conducted in PubMed on 28 June 2023 for articles published between June 2018 and June 2023. Articles were eligible for inclusion if they were a multicentre randomised trial of infants born preterm and reported the results of a primary outcome that was measured on an infant or could be attributed to an infant.ResultsWe reviewed 62/74 trials (80%), after determining it was unclear if multiple births were present in the other 20%. 87% of trials (54/62) did not account for multiple births in their sample size calculations and 48% (30/62) did not account for clustering due to multiple births in their analyses. Problems were not limited to lower-ranked journals. No trials reported the intraclass correlation coefficient for any outcomes, indicating the degree of clustering present.ConclusionsPersistent problems remain with the design and analysis of multicentre trials of premature infants due to ignoring the complexity that comes with the inclusion of multiple births, despite methods available to address this. Trialists should consider the impact of multiple births in their trial design and analysis. Readers of neonatal trials should be aware of these issues, particularly those who peer review papers.
Disparities in educational attainment and assault mortalities among Asian Americans in the USA, 2009–2021
Authors: Kawano Bradley , Shin Gi Jung , Grisel Braylee , Agarwal Suresh , Krishnamoorthy Vijay , Raghunathan Karthik , Fernandez-Moure Joseph S , Haines Krista 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundIn 2021, a spike in Asian American hate crimes resurged discussion on Asian health disparities. This study describes the association between education and assault among Asian Americans and their subgroups.MethodsThis cross-sectional study used individual-level data from the mortality multiple cause-of-death data from the National Center for Health Statistics from 2009 to 2021. Non-Hispanic Asians or Pacific Islanders age>25 years who died from assault (X85–Y09) were disaggregated into Chinese, Japanese, Filipino, Indian, Korean and Vietnamese. The gross proportion of decedents who attained at least bachelor’s degrees was calculated for Asians or Pacific Islanders and each subgroup and compared with data from the National Center for Education Statistics reported in 2016.ResultsBased on US Census estimates in 2016, 55% Chinese, 52% Japanese, 50% Filipino, 56% Korean, 75% Indian and 29% Vietnamese>25 years held at least bachelor’s degrees. Between 2009 and 2021, there were 3495 assault mortalities involving Asians or Pacific Islanders, 22.3% of whom had at least attained bachelor’s degrees. On disaggregating the data, 35.6% Chinese, 27.7% Japanese, 33.2% Filipino, 43.0% Indian, 36.3% Korean and 15% Vietnamese decedents attained at least a bachelor’s degree.ConclusionsHigher educational attainment is correlated with fewer assault deaths across all Asians. Variation in the proportion of Indian and Vietnamese victims with at least bachelor’s degrees may be explained by significantly different rates of bachelor’s degrees. However, the variation in proportion of Chinese, Japanese, Filipino and Korean victims with at least bachelor’s degrees requires further investigation into underlying factors that contribute to assault disparities.
Abstract A009: Genetic disruption of CAPNS1 impedes triple-negative breast cancer metastasis: A case for selective calpain-1/2 inhibitors
Authors: Harper Danielle , Shapovalov Ivan , Cockburn Samantha , Min Jenny , Gao Yan , Greer Peter A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Calpains are a family of 15 calcium-activated cysteine proteases that have emerged as potential therapeutic targets in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). They regulate the function of their substrates via limited proteolytic processing and are involved in both pro- and anti-apoptotic signaling pathways, as well as membrane-cytoskeletal remodeling events associated with cell migration and invasion. The most well-understood members of the calpain family are the classical calpain-1 and calpain-2 isoforms, which are ubiquitously expressed heterodimers each consisting of a large catalytic subunit, encoded by the capn1 and capn2 genes, respectively, and a common small regulatory subunit encoded by capns1. Overexpression of calpain-1 and calpain-2 has been associated with shorter survival in HER2+ breast cancer and TNBC, respectively. We hypothesize that inhibition of calpain-1 and calpain-2 may be exploited to improve tumor response to cytotoxic chemotherapy and suppress metastasis. CRISPR-Cas9 mediated knockout of capns1 in AC2M2 mouse mammary carcinoma cells, which results in a loss of both calpain-1 and calpain-2 activity, disrupts migration and invasion in vitro and impedes lung metastasis in tail vein and orthotopic engraftment mouse models. Calpain knockout also sensitizes AC2M2 cells to the microtubule stabilizing drug paclitaxel, and preliminary results suggest that cancer cell intrinsic calpain depletion may prevent neoadjuvant chemotherapy-induced metastasis. To explore potential off-target effects associated with systemic calpain inhibition, we have established a novel transgenic mouse with conditional deletion of capns1 in its hematopoietic stem cell lineage. By comparing the immune profiles of wild-type and capns1 knockout mice, we aim to better understand how calpain inhibitors will affect various immune cell populations and their respective functions. We plan to extend this understanding to anticancer immunity by conducting tumor immunophenotyping experiments in syngeneic orthotopic engraftment models using wild-type and capns1 knockout mice. At present, no clinically relevant calpain inhibitors are available. However, using genetic approaches, we have validated calpain-1 and calpain-2 as relevant therapeutic targets in TNBC, providing rationale for the development of selective calpain inhibitors.
Citation Format: Danielle Harper, Ivan Shapovalov, Samantha Cockburn, Jenny Min, Yan Gao, Peter A. Greer. Genetic disruption of CAPNS1 impedes triple-negative breast cancer metastasis: A case for selective calpain-1/2 inhibitors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Optimizing Therapeutic Efficacy and Tolerability through Cancer Chemistry; 2024 Dec 9-11; Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2024;23(12_Suppl):Abstract nr A009.
Abstract IA002: Leveraging synthetic lethality for the development of novel cancer therapies
Authors: Briggs Kimberly 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The concept of synthetic lethality has long held promise for the next generation of genetically targeted cancer therapies to follow the success of PARP inhibitors in the treatment of BRCA-mutant cancers. The classical definition of synthetic lethality arose in Drosophila with the observation that loss of either of two genes independently had little effect on cell viability but loss of both led to cell death. This definition has now been expanded to capture pairs of genes in which genetic alteration of one gene and pharmacological inhibition of the other leads to death of cancer cells while sparing the normal cells which lack the genetic alteration, leading to a broad therapeutic index. Functional genomics screening (using unbiased RNAi or CRISPR-based technology) has enabled the systematic discovery of novel synthetic lethal targets for drug discovery. The selective dependence of MTAP-deleted cells on PRMT5 is one of the strongest genetic interactions observed in early RNAi screens. Approximately 10-15% of all human cancer is MTAP-deleted, providing a large and diverse patient population. MTA-cooperative PRMT5 inhibitors, which bind preferentially in the presence of MTA, have been developed by scientists at Tango Therapeutics and elsewhere to leverage the synthetic lethal relationship between PRMT5 and MTAP loss. MTA-cooperative PRMT5 inhibitors inhibit PRMT5 in MTAP-deleted cancer cells and spare MTAP-expressing normal cells leading to clinically well-tolerated and efficacious therapies. MTA-cooperative PRMT5 inhibitors have broad therapeutic potential both as single agent and in combination with other therapies.
Citation Format: Kimberly Briggs.Leveraging synthetic lethality for the development of novel cancer therapies. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Optimizing Therapeutic Efficacy and Tolerability through Cancer Chemistry; 2024 Dec 9-11; Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2024;23(12_Suppl):Abstract nr IA002.
Abstract IA023: Dual-drug ADC platform for effective and safe cancer treatment
Authors: Tsuchikama Kyoji 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Breast tumor heterogeneity presents significant treatment challenges, particularly in overcoming drug resistance and tumor relapse driven by heterogeneous gene expression variability. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have demonstrated therapeutic success, yet intratumor heterogeneity remains a hurdle. We investigated dual-drug ADCs as a promising approach to address this clinical challenge. Our conjugates achieved potent and antigen-specific cytotoxicity, favorable pharmacokinetic properties, and high tolerability. In xenograft models with heterogeneous HER2 expression, our anti-HER2 dual-drug ADC significantly outperformed co-administration of two separate single-drug ADCs, demonstrating enhanced capacity to surmount tumor heterogeneity and resistance. Additionally, we developed a novel glutamic acid-glycine-citrulline (EGCit) linker, which enhances ADC hydrophilicity and stability in circulation. This EGCit linker also resists neutrophil protease degradation, a factor implicated in ADC-associated neutropenia. Compared to currently approved ADCs, our EGCit-based ADC exhibited reduced blood and liver toxicity, alongside superior antitumor efficacy in preclinical xenograft studies. These findings underscore the potential of our technology platform for advancing safer, more effective treatments for breast and other refractory cancers.
Citation Format: Kyoji Tsuchikama. Dual-drug ADC platform for effective and safe cancer treatment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Optimizing Therapeutic Efficacy and Tolerability through Cancer Chemistry; 2024 Dec 9-11; Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2024;23(12_Suppl):Abstract nr IA023.