bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Swing‐Stabilization Up for a Rotatory‐Elastic Pendulum Via Nonlinear Sub‐Optimal Control
Authors: Sánchez Bonifacio , Ordaz Patricio , Santos Omar 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis paper deals with the smooth control design for Swing‐Stabilization Up of underactuated pendular robot. The considered system has, at least, two different no actuated links, one of them is pendular like elbow, the other one is prismatic and elastic. Thus, the control aim is to swing‐up and stabilize the underactuated system by using non‐switched control algorithm. To this, the control algorithm summarizes the concept of sub‐optimal control, the energy based control and the Kalman's canonical decomposition to unify the Swing‐Up and Stabilization of the considered underactuated system. In order to test the designed control algorithm, experimental results are presented for the non‐conventional rotatory elastic‐pendulum system.
Congenital heart disease complexity and childhood cancer risk
Authors: Collins R. Thomas , Von Behren Julie , Yang Wei , Carmichael Suzan L. , Reynolds Peggy , Fisher Paul G. , Shaw Gary M. 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundChildhood cancer is increased in those with birth defects, including those with congenital heart disease (CHD). Lymphoma risk is increased in children with CHD. This study analyzes the effect of CHD and CHD severity on childhood cancer risk.MethodsWe analyzed cancer risk in a population‐based cohort of children with and without CHD born between 1988 and 2004 by linking data from the California Birth Defects Monitoring Program with data from the California Cancer Registry. We compared cancer risk in children with and without CHD, excluding children with chromosomal anomalies.ResultsOf >3 million children in the birth cohort, 65,585 had birth defects (2%), 25,981 with CHD. Cancer occurred in 4,781 (0.15%) children, 43 (0.17%) with CHD. Cancer risk in CHD was increased (hazard ratio [HR]) 2.63, 95% CI: 1.95, 3.55). Leukemia was the most common cancer in those without CHD (1,722/4,738, 36%), central nervous system tumors were second (1,073/4,738, 23%), and lymphoma third (410/4,738, 9%). Among children with CHD, lymphoma and leukemia occurred with the same frequency (12/43, 28% for each). HR for lymphoma was 8.37 (CI: 4.71, 14.86) with CHD versus without. HR for leukemia was 2.05 (CI: 1.16, 3.61) with CHD versus without. CHD complexity was higher in lymphoma (3, interquartile range [IQR]: 2–3) than those with leukemia (1, IQR, 1–2; p < .02).ConclusionCancer risk is increased in children with CHD. Lymphoma risk is increased in CHD and is correlated with more complex CHD. These results suggest a shared developmental origin for CHD and lymphoma may be present.
The self‐reduction synthesis and luminescent properties of Eu2+/Eu3+ activated BaZrxSi3O7+2x phosphors with white light emission for white light‐emitting diodes
Authors: Zhong Jianlin , Yu Lixin , Man Xiaoqin , Sun Wei , Wu Xiao , Jiang Xiaofang , Gao Zhengyu , Guo Qihuang , Zou Yingxuan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe BaZrxSi3O7+2x:Eu2+/Eu3+ (2%, molar ratio) phosphors were prepared with adding different amounts of zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1) by a self‐reduction method under air conditions. X‐ray diffraction, photoluminescence properties, thermal quenching properties and luminescent lifetimes of the prepared samples were systematically analyzed. In BaZrxSi3O7+2x:Eu2+/Eu3+, both the 4f → 5d transitions of Eu2+ and sharp emissions assigned to 5D0 → 7FJ (J = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4) transitions of Eu3+ were observed. In addition, the results also reveal that the amount of ZrO2 affects the crystal structure, the self‐reduction process and further influences the relative intensity of Eu2+/Eu3+ in all samples. Therefore, the diverse emission colors can be obtained and modulated by controlling the content of ZrO2. The highlight of this work is that the white light emission is observed, when x is 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1, respectively.
Fabrication of Stable and Well‐connected Proton Path in Catalyst Layer for High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells
Authors: Luo Fang , Zhang Quan , Yang Zehui , Guo Long , Yu Xinxin , Qu Konggang , Ling Ying , Yang Jun , Cai Weiwei 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIt is of importance to establish stable and well‐connected proton path in the catalyst layer to promote the fuel cell performance. Here, we describe a novel method to fabricate stable and efficient proton path for high temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells (HT‐PEFCs), in which the ionic liquid is doped into the platinum electrocatalyst. The electrochemical results depict that ionic liquid doped electrocatalyst exhibits comparable electrochemical surface area (ESA) and enhanced durability indicating that ionic liquid negligibly affects the hydrogen adsorption/desorption process and protects the electrocatalyst from carbon corrosion. Interestingly, the catalyzing activity toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) of Pt electrocatalyst is boosted after doping with ionic liquid mainly due to the modified electronic structures of Pt atoms induced by nitrogen atoms from ionic liquid resulting in weak interaction between Pt atoms and intermediates. The fuel cell performance of ionic liquid doped electrocatalyst is much improved ascribed to the homogeneously dispersed ionic liquid on the surface of Pt electrocatalyst facilitating the fabrication of triple phase boundaries (TPBs) as a result of efficient proton conduction in the catalyst layer. The fuel cell performance only decreases 10 % after 100,000 potential cycles from 1.0 to 1.5 V versus RHE suggesting that ionic liquid forms a stable proton path in the catalyst layer. Thus, the ionic liquid doped Pt electrocatalyst is applicable for the real HT‐PEFC operation.
Recent Advances in Methylation: A Guide for Selecting Methylation Reagents
Authors: Chen Yantao 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMethylation is a well‐known structural modification in organic and medicinal chemistry. This review summarizes recent advances in methylation by categorizing specific methylation reagents. The challenges of mono N‐methylation of aliphatic amines and N‐methylation of peptides are discussed. This review will be useful for chemists wanting to select the appropriate reagents for methylation chemistry. Based on the large diversity of methylation reagents and their wide scope, this review also broadens perspectives on which strategies to select for utilizing a particular methylation, resulting in an increased flexibility in synthetic route planning.
Recent Progress in Fluorescence Signal Design for DNA‐Based Logic Circuits
Authors: Yang Shu , Yang Chunrong , Huang Dan , Song Lingbo , Chen Jianchi , Yang Qianfan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDNA‐based logic circuits, encoding algorithms in DNA and processing information, are pushing the frontiers of molecular computers forward, owing to DNA′s advantages of stability, accessibility, manipulability, and especially inherent biological significance and potential medical application. In recent years, numerous logic functions, from arithmetic to nonarithmetic, have been realized based on DNA. However, DNA can barely provide a detectable signal by itself, so that the DNA‐based circuits depend on extrinsic signal actuators. The signal strategy of carrying out a response is becoming one of the design focuses in DNA‐based logic circuit construction. Although work on sequence and structure design for DNA‐based circuits has been well reviewed, the strategy on signal production lacks comprehensive summary. In this review, we focused on the latest designs of fluorescent output for DNA‐based logic circuits. Several basic strategies are summarized and a few designs for developing multi‐output systems are provided. Finally, some current difficulties and possible opportunities were also discussed.
Synthesis of Diverse α‐Fluoroalkoxyaryl Derivatives and Their Use for the Generation of Fluorinated Macrocycles
Authors: Cogswell Thomas J. , Dahlén Anders , Knerr Laurent 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroduction of difluorinated functionality has emerged as a powerful means for conformational design with minimal steric footprint. Synthetic approaches for the preparation of aryl difluoromethylene ether containing novel building blocks were established, enabling the inclusion of the aryl difluoromethylene ether system into macrocyclic scaffolds for the first time.
The small molecule AMBMP disrupts microtubule growth, ciliogenesis, cell polarity, and cell migration
Authors: Werner Michael , del Castillo Urko , Ventrella Rosa , Brotslaw Eva , Mitchell Brian 
Published: October 2018

Abstract2‐Amino‐4‐(3,4‐[methylenedioxy]benzylamino)‐6‐(3‐methoxyphenyl)pyrimidine (AMBMP) is a small molecule that has been previously reported to be both a Wnt agonist and a microtubule (MT) regulator. Here we report a detailed analysis of AMBMPs effects on MTs and on MT associated cellular processes including cell polarity, ciliogenesis, and cell migration. Specifically, treatment of Xenopus embryos with AMBMP leads to defects similar to the MT depolymerizing drug nocodazole, including a failure to generate or polarize cilia (depending on the timing of treatment) and a loss of the cell movements associated with radial intercalation. The dramatic effect AMBMP has on basic MT based cellular functions suggests that its usefulness as a Wnt regulator is questionable. Moreover, it may be an important new tool for experimental or pharmacological manipulation of MTs.
Depiction of the perfusion components’ volume fraction distribution in generalized intravoxel incoherent motion by using Gaussian mixture model
Authors: Wang Shunli , Liu Wanyu , Kuai Zixiang , Zhu Yuemin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractGaussian mixture model (GMM) was proposed to depict the perfusion volume fraction distribution in the generalized intravoxel incoherent motion model (GIVIM) to improve GIVIM's ability of describing complex perfusion conditions and their changes. Different hepatic perfusion conditions were accounted for by performing different combinations of imaging sequence and diffusion time on six normal livers. In order to evaluate GIVIM‐GMM's reliability in perfusion condition analysis, the fitting to diffusion‐weighted (DW) data and the consistency between diffusion‐related parameters’ change and the data's change were tested and the recent GIVIM and the triexponential models were chosen for comparison. The difference of the fitting results was evaluated by performing the extra‐sum‐of‐squares F test and information criteria on normal human DW data. The difference of the consistency was assessed by using two‐tailed paired Student's t test. In the extra‐sum‐of‐squares F test, the relative difference ratio F values derived from the GIVIM and GIVIM‐GMM and that derived from the triexponential model and the GIVIM‐GMM are respectively 25.334 and 27.976, which indicates that significant difference existed and that the GIVIM‐GMM provides better fit to the normal human liver DW data. In information criteria test, the evidence ratio values were determined by dividing the GIVIM's or triexponential model's correct probability by the GIVIM‐GMM's. Both evidence ratio values (2.3942 × 10−10, 8.6167 × 10−9, respectively) are much smaller than 1, which also expresses that the best model used to fit the normal human liver DW data was the GIVIM‐GMM. In two‐tailed paired student's t test, the GIVIM‐GMM provides more parameters to give a finer description of perfusion than the triexponential model or GIVIM. In short, all the results demonstrated that the GIVIM‐GMM provides better performance than the existing IVIM models for depicting the signal attenuation in DW imaging.
Survival of patients with head and neck cancer treated with definitive radiotherapy and concurrent cisplatin or concurrent cetuximab: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results‐Medicare analysis
Authors: Xiang Michael , Holsinger F. Christopher , Colevas A. Dimitrios , Chen Michelle M. , Le Quynh‐Thu , Beadle Beth M. 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundCisplatin and cetuximab are both systemic therapies commonly used in combination with radiation (RT) for the definitive treatment of head and neck cancers, but their comparative efficacy is unclear.MethodsPatients with locoregionally advanced (American Joint Committee on Cancer stage III‐IVB) squamous cell carcinomas of the oropharynx, larynx, or hypopharynx were identified in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results‐Medicare database. Patients received either cisplatin or cetuximab concurrent with RT, as determined by Medicare claims. The primary study outcome was head and neck cancer‐specific mortality (CSM) analyzed with competing risks. Filtering, propensity score matching, and multivariable Fine‐Gray regression were used to adjust for differences between the cisplatin and cetuximab cohorts, including age, comorbidity, and cycles of systemic therapy received.ResultsThe total cohort consisted of 1395 patients, of whom 786 (56%) received cisplatin and 609 (44%) received cetuximab; the median follow‐up was 3.5 years in the patients who remained alive. In the cetuximab cohort, CSM was significantly higher than in the cisplatin cohort (39% vs 25% at 3 years; P < .0001). In the matched cohorts (n = 414), the adjusted hazard ratio of CSM for cetuximab was 1.65 (95% confidence interval, 1.30‐2.09; P < .0001) relative to cisplatin, corresponding to an absolute difference of approximately 10% in both CSM and overall survival at 3 years. Cetuximab was associated with less dysphagia, more dermatitis, and a similar incidence of mucositis.ConclusionsIn this sizeable, national patient population, treatment with cetuximab was associated with significantly higher CSM than cisplatin. These results suggest that cisplatin may be the preferred chemotherapeutic agent in this setting.
The prognostic and predictive impact of inflammatory biomarkers in patients who have advanced‐stage cancer treated with immunotherapy
Authors: Bilen Mehmet A. , Martini Dylan J. , Liu Yuan , Lewis Colleen , Collins Hannah H. , Shabto Julie M. , Akce Mehmet , Kissick Haydn T. , Carthon Bradley C. , Shaib Walid L. , Alese Olatunji B. , Pillai Rathi N. , Steuer Conor E. , Wu Christina S. , Lawson David H. , Kudchadkar Ragini R. , El‐Rayes Bassel F. , Master Viraj A. , Ramalingam Suresh S. , Owonikoko Taofeek K. , Harvey R. Donald 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundOptimal prognostic and predictive biomarkers for patients with advanced‐stage cancer patients who received immunotherapy (IO) are lacking. Inflammatory markers, such as the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the monocyte‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and the platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR), are readily available. The authors investigated the association between these markers and clinical outcomes of patients with advanced‐stage cancer who received IO.MethodsA retrospective review was conducted of 90 patients with advanced cancer who received treatment on phase 1 clinical trials of IO‐based treatment regimens. NLR, MLR, and PLR values were log‐transformed and treated as continuous variables for each patient. Overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival (PFS), and clinical benefit were used to measure clinical outcomes. For univariate associations and multivariable analyses, Cox proportional‐hazards models or logistic regression models were used.ResultsThe median patient age was 63 years, and most were men (59%). The most common histologies were melanoma (33%) and gastrointestinal cancers (22%). High baseline NLR, MLR, and PLR values were associated significantly with worse OS and PFS (P < .05) and a lower chance of benefit (NLR and PLR; P < .05). Increased NLR, MLR, and PLR values 6 weeks after baseline were associated with shorter OS and PFS (P ≤ .052).ConclusionsBaseline and early changes in NLR, MLR, and PLR values were strongly associated with clinical outcomes in patients who received IO‐based treatment regimens on phase 1 trials. Confirmation in a homogenous patient population treated on late‐stage trials or outside of trial settings is warranted. These values may warrant consideration for inclusion when risk stratifying patients enrolled onto phase 1 clinical trials of IO agents.
A phase 1 study to assess the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of CXD101 in patients with advanced cancer
Authors: Eyre Toby A. , Collins Graham P. , Gupta Avinash , Coupe Nicholas , Sheikh Semira , Whittaker John , Wang Lai Mun , Campo Leticia , Soilleux Elizabeth , Tysoe Finn , Cousins Richard , La Thangue Nick , Folkes Lisa K. , Stratford Michael R. L. , Kerr David , Middleton Mark R. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundIn the current study, the authors sought to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of the novel class 1 selective histone deacetylase inhibitor CXD101 in a dose escalation study in patients with advanced solid tumors or recurrent/refractory lymphoma.MethodsThe authors escalated the dose of CXD101 from 1 mg twice daily orally for 5 days in a 21‐day cycle (3+3 design).ResultsA total of 39 patients were enrolled, 36 of whom received CXD101. Of the 30 patients in the escalation cohort, 29 were evaluable for determination of the dose‐limiting toxicity (DLT). DLTs were noted at doses of 16 mg twice daily (1 of 6 patients), 20 mg twice daily (1 of 6 patients), and 24/25 mg twice daily (2 of 5 patients, both of whom developed neutropenic fever). The MTD was 20 mg twice daily, which achieved maximal plasma concentrations (±standard deviation) of 231±76 nM to 342±126 nM, which was within the biologically active range. Six patients received 20 mg twice daily in an expansion cohort. The most frequent adverse events were fatigue, nausea, and reversible cytopenia. Key grade 3 to 4 adverse events (according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events criteria [version 4.03]) included thrombocytopenia (11%), neutropenia (17%), and neutropenic fever (2%) across the 133 CXD101 cycles given. The toxicity profile was similar to that of licensing studies with other histone deacetylase inhibitors. In 22 evaluable patients receiving a dose of ≥16 mg twice daily (17 of whom had lymphoma and 5 of whom had solid tumors), 3 partial responses (2 in patients with classic Hodgkin lymphoma after allogenic stem cell transplantation and 1 in a patient with angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma) and 1 complete response (in a patient with follicular lymphoma) were noted (overall response rate of 18%) in addition to 9 patients who achieved durable stable disease. Responses were noted predominantly among patients with lymphoma (tumor reduction noted in 63% of patients on standard computed tomography).ConclusionsThe MTD in the current study was found to be 20 mg twice daily. Encouraging and durable activity was observed in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma, T‐cell lymphoma, and follicular lymphoma.
Whole mouse brain connectomics
Authors: Allan Johnson G. , Wang Nian , Anderson Robert J. , Chen Min , Cofer Gary P. , Gee James C. , Pratson Forrest , Tustison Nicholas , White Leonard E. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMethods have been developed to allow quantitative connectivity of the whole fixed mouse brain by means of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We have translated what we have learned in clinical imaging to the very special domain of the mouse brain. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of perfusion fixed specimens can now be performed with spatial resolution of 45 μm3, that is, voxels that are 21,000 times smaller than the human connectome protocol. Specimen preparation has been optimized through an active staining protocol using a Gd chelate. Compressed sensing has been integrated into high performance reconstruction and post processing pipelines allowing acquisition of a whole mouse brain connectome in <12 hr. The methods have been validated against retroviral tracer studies. False positive tracts, which are especially problematic in clinical studies, have been reduced substantially to ~28%. The methods have been streamlined to provide high‐fidelity, whole mouse brain connectomes as a routine study. The data package provides holistic insight into the mouse brain with anatomic definition at the meso‐scale, quantitative volumes of subfields, scalar DTI metrics, and quantitative tractography.
Time‐Resolved Chemically Induced Dynamic Nuclear Polarization of Biologically Important Molecules
Authors: Morozova Olga B. , Ivanov Konstantin L. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this work, we review the hyperpolarization technique named chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (CIDNP), focusing on the time‐resolved variant of this method and its biological applications. We introduce the main principles of polarization formation in liquids at high magnetic fields, provided by the so‐called spin sorting mechanism. Applications of CIDNP to studying fast reactions of short‐lived free radicals of biologically important molecules are discussed, as well as the potential of the method to probe the structure and magnetic parameters of such radicals. We also explain the principles of protein CIDNP and discuss applications of time‐resolved CIDNP to studies of protein structure and dynamics.
Experimental Evidence of the Mechanism of Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO with NH3 over Fe‐Containing BEA Zeolites
Authors: Boroń Paweł , Rutkowska Małgorzata , Gil Barbara , Marszałek Bartosz , Chmielarz Lucjan , Dzwigaj Stanislaw 
Published: October 2018

AbstractVarious temperature‐programmed techniques were used as tools in mechanistic studies of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with ammonia in the presence of Fe‐containing BEA zeolites. Moreover, FTIR studies of adsorbed NH3 and NO were conducted to determine the interactions of reactants with the catalyst surface. Iron was introduced into BEA zeolite by three different methods: i) two‐step post‐synthesis; ii) conventional wet impregnation; iii) ion exchange. The catalytic activity was dependent on the method used for iron introduction. The reactivities of NH3 and NO adsorbed on iron‐modified zeolites obtained by impregnation and ion‐exchange methods were higher than those measured for the catalyst obtained by a two‐step post‐synthesis method. The activity of Fe‐containing zeolites in SCR was related to the form of deposited iron species, as well as to the nature, strength, and concentration of acid sites. Possible reaction pathways of NO reduction over the FeBEA zeolite catalysts were presented and discussed.