bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BRCA1 Promoter Methylation Is Linked to Defective Homologous Recombination Repair and Elevated miR-155 to Disrupt Myeloid Differentiation in Myeloid Malignancies
Authors: Poh Weijie , Dilley Robert L. , Moliterno Alison R. , Maciejewski Jaroslaw P. , Pratz Keith W. , McDevitt Michael A. , Herman James G. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
Defective homologous recombination (HR) has been reported in multiple myeloid disorders, suggesting a shared dysregulated pathway in these diverse malignancies. Because targeting HR-defective cancers with PARP inhibition (PARPi) has yielded clinical benefit, improved understanding of HR defects is needed to implement this treatment modality.

Experimental Design:
We used an ex vivo irradiation-based assay to evaluate HR repair, HR gene promoter methylation, and mRNA expression in primary myeloid neoplastic cells. In vitro BRCA1 gene silencing was achieved to determine the consequences on HR repair, sensitivity to PARPi, and expression of miR-155, an oncogenic miRNA.

Results:
Impaired HR repair was frequently detected in myeloid neoplasm samples (9/21, 43%) and was linked to promoter methylation-mediated transcriptional repression of BRCA1, which was not observed for other members of the HR pathway (BRCA2, ATM, ATR, FANC-A). In vitro BRCA1 knockdown increased sensitivity to PARP inhibition, and BRCA1 expression is inversely correlated with miR-155 expression, a finding reproduced in vitro with BRCA1 knockdown. Increased miR-155 was associated with PU.1 and SHIP1 repression, known myeloid differentiation factors that are frequently downregulated during leukemic transformation.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrates frequent defective HR, associated with BRCA1 epigenetic silencing, in a broad range of myeloid neoplasms. The increased prevalence of BRCA1 promoter methylation, resulting in repressed BRCA1, may have an additional role in leukemogenesis by increasing miR-155 expression, which then inhibits transcription factors associated with normal myeloid differentiation. Further study of HR defects may facilitate the identification of HR-defective myeloid neoplasms sensitive to PARPi.
Endometrial Tumor Immune Response: Predictive Biomarker of Response to Immunotherapy
Authors: Mullen Mary M. , Mutch David G. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The tumor-specific immune response in endometrial cancer is variable within molecular subtypes. Thus, the tumor immune response offers a novel biomarker, separate from molecular subtypes, to predict which patients might respond to immunotherapy.
See related article by Talhouk et al., p. 2537
ВПЛИВ ФІЗИЧНОЇ РЕАБІЛІТАЦІЇ НА ЯКІСТЬ ЖИТТЯ ХВОРИХ НА ХРОНІЧНЕ ОБСТРУКТИВНЕ ЗАХВОРЮВАННЯ ЛЕГЕНЬ
Authors: Grygus I. M. , Nesterchuk N. E. , Nogas A. O. , Prymachok L. L. , Zacharchenko I. V. 
Published: January 2019

Хронічне обструктивне захворювання легень (ХОЗЛ) посідає провідне місце серед основних причин смертності й інвалідності в більшості країн світу і зумовлює значні економічні витрати на лікування та реабілітацію хворих. Проблема ХОЗЛ набула не лише медичного, а й соціально-економічного значення, оскільки захворювання впливає не тільки на життя пацієнта, порушуючи його працездатність та знижуючи якість життя, а й на членів його родини.
Мета роботи – вивчити ефективність впливу запропонованої методики фізичної реабілітації на якість життя хворих на ХОЗЛ помірного ступеня тяжкості.
Матеріал і методи. У дослідженні брали участь 78 хворих на ХОЗЛ помірного ступеня тяжкості, які методом рандомізації були поділені на дві групи. Хворі контрольної групи отримували лікування та реабілітацію за загальноприйнятою методикою, а хворі основної групи – лікування за тим самим протоколом і реабілітацію за запропонованою методикою.
Результати. Застосування стандартного лікування та фізичної реабілітації у хворих на ХОЗЛ помірного ступеня тяжкості приводить до суттєвого підвищення якості життя. За результатами фізичної реабілітації в основній групі настає статистично значимо більша динаміка зростання різниці між значеннями після і до реабілітації. Після застосування запропонованої програми фізичної реабілітації для кожного хворого ОГ на ХОЗЛ ми спостерігали підвищення загальної якості життя та стану здоров’я за рахунок збільшення показників у проблемних субсферах.
Висновки. Застосування фізичної реабілітації дозволяє значно поліпшити якість життя хворих, істотно впливаючи на психоемоційну сферу. Достовірне (р<0,05) підвищення загальної якості життя і стану здоров’я хворих на ХОЗЛ помірного ступеня тяжкості жіночої статі основної групи відбулося за всіма сферами і субсферами якості життя, за винятком духовної.
АНАЛІЗ ФІЗИЧНОЇ АКТИВНОСТІ СТУДЕНТОК ПЕРШОГО РОКУ НАВЧАННЯ В ТЕРНОПІЛЬСЬКОМУ ДЕРЖАВНОМУ МЕДИЧНОМУ УНІВЕРСИТЕТІ ІМЕНІ І. Я. ГОРБАЧЕВСЬКОГО
Authors: Popovych D. V. , Sopel O. O. , Bondarchuk V. I. , Diachenko M. M. 
Published: January 2019

Навчання у вищому навчальному закладі потребує зусиль, напруженої розумової праці. Побут і навчання студенток проходять в умовах обмеженої рухової активності та великого навчального навантаження, стресових ситуацій та неповноцінного харчування.
Мета – вивчити та оцінити рівень фізичної активності студенток першого року навчання в ДВНЗ «Тернопільський державний медичний університет імені І. Я. Горбачевського МОЗ України».
Матеріал і методи. Проведено анкетування 333 студенткок ДВНЗ «Тернопільський державний медичний університет імені І. Я. Горбачевського МОЗ України», вік опитаних складав 17–19 років. Їм було запропоновано заповнити анкету з демографічної та загальної фізичної активності. В якості методу дослідження використано повну версію анкети «Міжнародна фізична активність» (IPAQ).
Результати. Результати проведеного анкетування продемонстрували доволі високий рівень загальної фізичної активності студенток. Найвищий рівень фізичної активності був під час заняття спортом, а найнижчий – під час домашньої праці. Згідно з дослідженням, більшість опитаних студенток мали нормальну вагу тіла. За результатами дослідження рівня фізичної активності в залежності від кількості вільного часу виявлено, що студентки, які вважали, що вони не мають вільного часу, мали найвищий рівень загальної фізичної активності, так само як і у всіх видах фізичної активності (у роботі, вдома та у спорті). Цілеспрямована праця щодо усвідомлення негативних ефектів гіподинамії повинна була відобразитися на динаміці зміни рівня фізичної активності в бік зменшення. Проте серед студенток на першому році навчання в Університеті простежується різке збільшення кількості осіб із високим рівнем фізичної активності.
Висновки. Студентки першого курсу навчання мають високий рівень фізичної активності (5590,2 МЕТ×хв/тиж­день відповідно). Більшість опитаних студенток мали нормальну вагу, лише у 6 % студенток була надмірна маса тіла. Студентки, які вважали, що вони не мають вільного часу, мали найвищий рівень загальної фізичної активності, а також у всіх видах фізичної активності; таким чином, ці люди більш обґрунтовано та раціонально проводили свій вільний час.
Ichthyofauna of Trairí river basin, Rio Grande do Norte state, northeastern Brazil: a century after the study of the naturalist Edwin Starks in the Papari lagoon
Authors: Medeiros Lucas Silva de , Ramos Telton Pedro Anselmo , Silva Márcio Joaquim Da , Paiva Roney Emanuel Costa de , Lira Mateus Germano Souza , Lima Sergio Maia Queiroz 
Published: January 2019

Fishes from the coastal basins of the Mid-Northeastern Caatinga ecoregion (MNCE) were first sampled by the Stanford expedition at the beginning of the 20th century, and published by Edwin C. Starks in 1913. This material included specimens from the Papary lake (= Papari lagoon) in the lower portion of the Trairí river basin, draining towards the eastern coast of Rio Grande do Norte State. In 1941, Henry Fowler provided a broad taxonomic study of the freshwater fishes from northeastern Brazil, including material from the Papari lagoon, besides describing four species assigned to this locality. However, these previous surveys focused only in the lower portion of the Trairí river basin and might be incomplete. Given this framework, the present study aimed at perform a wide ichthyofaunal inventory of Trairí river basin and compared with previously surveys performed in the regions. In 2013 and 2014, four expeditions along the whole basin, including the Papari lagoon itself, resulted in 28 species of fishes belonging to 17 families and seven orders. At Papari lagoon area 16 species were registered whereas 26 and 18 species were recorded by Starks and Fowler’s studies, respectively. Considering all records, 50 species were documented in the basin with 14 (28%) new records, including Serrapinnus potiguar, whose distribution was extended to the south. Two species described by Fowler, Pimelodella papariae and Pseudancistrus papariae, were not found in this study or in any fish collection, and are only known from their type-material. These two species can be naturally rare, locally extinct, or there were inaccuracies in their type-locality. However, species of these genera are only found in larger basins of the MNCE, which drains to the north, corroborating the latter assumption. Although not being a definitive list, the recent extensive fish surveys conducted in the MNCE’s coastal basins are helping to elucidate species’ geographic distribution and little knowing taxonomic issues.
Opioid Prescriptions at Hospital Discharge Are Associated With More Postdischarge Healthcare Utilization
Authors: Liberman Justin S. , Samuels Lauren R. , Goggins Kathryn , Kripalani Sunil , Roumie Christianne L. ,   the VICS (Vanderbilt Inpatient Cohort Study), Bachmann Justin , Bell Susan P. , Donato Katharine M. , Harrell Frank E. , Mayberry Lindsay S. , Mixon Amanda S. , Rothman Russell L. , Schildcrout Jonathan S. , Schnelle John F. , Vasilevskis Eduard E. , Wallston Kenneth A. , Nwosu Samuel K. 
Published: January 2019

Background
Many patients use opioids for nonmalignant pain, and opioid use in the general population has been associated with poor long‐term outcomes. The use of high‐risk medications, including opioid analgesics, may increase the risk of unplanned healthcare utilization.

Methods and Results

We performed a nested evaluation in the VICS (Vanderbilt Inpatient Cohort Study) (N=3000) on patients with an admitting diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome and/or acute decompensated heart failure. Patient enrollment occurred from October 2011 until December 2015 and involved a single investigational site, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (Nashville, TN). Of the 2495 eligible patients, 501 (20%) were discharged with an opioid prescription and were predominantly white and men, with a median age of 59 (interquartile range, 53–67) years. Our primary outcome was unplanned healthcare utilization, which included emergency department presentation or readmission. Secondary outcomes included mortality and a composite of planned utilization behaviors: cardiac rehabilitation and provider follow‐up within 30 days. Cox proportional hazards models did not show a statistically significant association with increased unplanned utilization (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.87–1.28) or mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.08; 95%
CI
, 0.84–1.39), compared with those without opioids at discharge. Patients discharged with opioids were less likely to complete planned healthcare utilization (adjusted odds ratio, 0.69; 95%
CI
, 0.52–0.91).

Conclusions
There are decreased odds of planned healthcare utilization among patients with acute coronary syndrome and acute decompensated heart failure discharged with opioid medication. It is imperative to understand how opioid use can affect a patient's relationship with the healthcare system.
An Investigation of Cold-Season Short-Wave Troughs in the Great Lakes Region and Their Concurrence with Lake-Effect Clouds
Authors: Metz Nicholas D. , Bruick Zachary S. , Capute Peyton K. , Neureuter Molly M. , Ott Emily W. , Sessa Michael F. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe downwind shores of the Laurentian Great Lakes region often receive prolific amounts of lake-effect snowfall during the cold season (October–March). The location and intensity of this snowfall can be influenced by upper-tropospheric features such as short-wave troughs. A 7-yr cold-season climatology of 500-hPa short-wave troughs was developed for the Great Lakes region. A total of 607 short-wave troughs were identified, with an average of approximately 87 short waves per cold season. Five classes of short-wave troughs were identified on the basis of their movement through the Great Lakes region. This short-wave trough dataset was subsequently compared with the lake-effect cloud-band climatology created by N. F. Laird et al. in 2017 to determine how frequently short-wave troughs occurred concurrently with lake-effect cloud bands. Of the 607 short-wave troughs identified, 380 were concurrent with lake-effect clouds. Over 65% of these 380 short-wave troughs occurred with a lake-effect cloud band on at least four of the five Great Lakes. Short-wave troughs that rotated around the base of a long-wave trough were found to have the highest frequency of concurrence. In general, concurrence was most likely during the middle cold-season months. Further, Lake Michigan featured the highest number of concurrent events, and Lake Erie featured the fewest. It is evident that short-wave troughs are a ubiquitous feature near the Great Lakes during the cold season and have the potential to impart substantial impacts on lake-effect snowbands.
Past and Projected Freezing/Thawing Indices in the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Peng Xiaoqing , Zhang Tingjun , Liu Yijing , Luo Jing 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFreezing/thawing indices are useful for assessments of climate change, surface and subsurface hydrology, energy balance, moisture balance, carbon exchange, ecosystem diversity and productivity. Current freezing/thawing indices are inadequate to meet these requirements. We use 16 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) models available for 1850–2005, three representative concentration pathways (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5) during 2006–2100, and Climatic Research Unit gridded observations for 1901–2014, to assess the performance of freezing/thawing indices derived from CMIP5 models during 1901–2005. We also analyzed past spatial patterns of freezing/thawing indices and projected these over three RCPs. Results show that CMIP5 models can reproduce the spatial pattern of freezing/thawing indices in the Northern Hemisphere but that the thawing index slightly underestimated observations and the freezing index slightly overestimated them. The thawing index agreed slightly better with observations than did the freezing index. There is significant spatial variability in the freezing/thawing indices, ranging from 0° to 10 000°C day. Over the entire Northern Hemisphere, the time series of the area-averaged thawing index derived from CMIP5 output increased significantly at about 1.14°C day yr−1 during 1850–2005, 1.51°C day yr−1 for RCP2.6, 5.32°C day yr−1 for RCP4.5, and 13.85°C day yr−1 for RCP8.5 during 2006–2100. The area-averaged freezing index decreased significantly at −1.39°C day yr−1 during 1850–2004, −1.2°C day yr−1 for RCP2.6, −4.3°C day yr−1 for RCP4.5, and −9.8°C day yr−1 for RCP8.5 during 2006–2100. The greatest decreases in the freezing index are projected to occur at high latitudes and high altitudes, where the magnitude of the decreasing rate of the freezing index is far greater than that of the increasing rate of the thawing index.
Trends in Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) Conditions at Major Airports in the United States
Authors: Stevens Scott E. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWeather-related delays are among the most common in aviation and are frequently the result of low visibility or cloud ceilings, which cause landing aircraft to be spaced farther apart for safety, reducing the capacity of an airport to land aircraft in a timely fashion. Using 45 years of archived surface observations from 30 of the busiest airports across the United States, the prevalence of low-visibility and low-ceiling conditions is examined, along with the meteorological conditions that support them and the associated trends over time. It is shown that these conditions are becoming less frequent at most locations—for many significantly so—and that this decrease can be seen at all times of day and in all seasons.
The Early Development of the 2015/16 Quasi-Biennial Oscillation Disruption
Authors: Lin Pu , Held Isaac , Ming Yi 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
An unprecedented disruption of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) started to develop from late 2015. The early development of this event is analyzed using the space–time spectra of eddies from reanalysis data. While the extratropical waves propagating horizontally into the tropics were assumed to be the main driver for the disruption, it was not clear why these waves dissipated near the jet core instead of near the jet edge as linear theory predicts. This study shows that the drastic deceleration of the equatorial jet was largely brought about by a single strong wave packet, and the local winds experienced by the wave packet served as a better indicator of the wave breaking latitude than the zonal mean winds. Surprisingly, tropical mixed Rossby–gravity waves also made an appreciable contribution to the deceleration of the equatorial westerly jet by the horizontal eddy momentum fluxes, especially before January 2016. The horizontal eddy momentum fluxes associated with the tropical waves arise from the deformation of the wave structure when background westerlies increase with height. These horizontal eddy momentum anomalies from the tropical waves are commonly observed in the reanalysis data but are typically much weaker than those in the 2015/16 winter. The possibility exists that exceptionally strong equatorially trapped waves precondition the flow to disruption by an extratropical disturbance.
The Corresponding Tropospheric Environments during Downward-Extending and Nondownward-Extending Events of Stratospheric Northern Annular Mode Anomalies
Authors: Zhang Ruhua , Tian Wenshou , Zhang Jiankai , Huang Jinlong , Xie Fei , Xu Mian 
Published: January 2019

AbstractUsing the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis dataset, this study classifies stratospheric northern annular mode (NAM) anomalies during the negative or positive phase into two categories—anomalies extending into the troposphere [trop event (TE); referred to as negative or positive TEs] and those not extending into the troposphere [nontrop event (NTE); referred to as negative or positive NTEs], and the corresponding tropospheric environments during the TEs and NTEs are identified. Compared with that for the negative NTEs, the upward wave fluxes entering the stratosphere are stronger and more persistent during the negative TEs. Furthermore, the stronger and more persistent upward wave fluxes during the negative TEs are due to more favorable conditions for upward wave propagation, which is manifested by fewer occurrences of negative refractive index squared in the mid- to high-latitude troposphere and stronger wave intensity in the mid- to high-latitude troposphere. However, the tropospheric wave intensity plays a more important role than the tropospheric conditions of planetary wave propagation in modulating the upward wave fluxes into the stratosphere. Stronger and more persistent upward wave fluxes in the negative TEs, particularly wave-1 fluxes, are closely related to the negative geopotential height anomalies over the North Pacific and positive geopotential height anomalies over the Euro-Atlantic sectors. These negative (positive) geopotential height anomalies over the North Pacific (Euro-Atlantic) are related to the positive (negative) diabatic heating anomalies and the decreased (increased) blocking activities in the mid- to high latitudes. The subtropical diabatic heating could also impact the strength of the mid- to high-latitude geopotential height anomalies through modulating horizontal wave fluxes. For positive NAM events, the results are roughly similar to those for negative NAM events, but with opposite signal.
Upstream Cyclone Influence on the Predictability of Block Onsets over the Euro-Atlantic Region
Authors: Maddison J. W. , Gray S. L. , Martínez-Alvarado O. , Williams K. D. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAtmospheric blocking has been shown to be a phenomenon that models struggle to predict accurately, particularly the onset of a blocked state following a more zonal flow. This struggle is, in part, due to the lack of a complete dynamical theory for block onset and maintenance. Here, we evaluate the impact cyclone representation had on the forecast of block onset in two case studies from the North Atlantic Waveguide and Downstream Impact Experiment field campaign and the 20 most unpredictable block onsets over the Euro-Atlantic region in medium-range forecasts from the ECMWF. The 6-day forecast of block onset in the case studies is sensitive to changes in the forecast location and intensity of upstream cyclones (one cyclone for one case and two for the other case) in the days preceding the onset. Ensemble sensitivity analysis reveals that this is often the case in unpredictable block onset cases: a one standard deviation change in 1000-hPa geopotential height near an upstream cyclone, or 320-K potential vorticity near the tropopause, two or three days prior to block onset is associated with more than a 10% change in block area on the analyzed onset day in 17 of the 20 onset cases. These results imply that improvement in the forecasts of upstream cyclone location and intensity may help improve block onset forecasts.
High-Temporal Resolution Observations of the 27 May 2015 Canadian, Texas, Tornado Using the Atmospheric Imaging Radar
Authors: Griffin Casey B. , Bodine David J. , Kurdzo James M. , Mahre Andrew , Palmer Robert D. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
On 27 May 2015, the Atmospheric Imaging Radar (AIR) collected high-temporal resolution radar observations of an EF-2 tornado near Canadian, Texas. The AIR is a mobile, X-band, imaging radar that uses digital beamforming to collect simultaneous RHI scans while steering mechanically in azimuth to obtain rapid-update weather data. During this deployment, 20°-by-80° (elevation × azimuth) sector volumes were collected every 5.5 s at ranges as close as 6 km. The AIR captured the late-mature and decaying stages of the tornado. Early in the deployment, the tornado had a radius of maximum winds (RMW) of 500 m and exhibited maximum Doppler velocities near 65 m s−1. This study documents the rapid changes associated with the dissipation stages of the tornado. A 10-s resolution time–height investigation of vortex tilt and differential velocity is presented and illustrates an instance of upward vortex intensification as well as downward tornado decay. Changes in tornado intensity over periods of less than 30 s coincided with rapid changes in tornado diameter. At least two small-scale vortices were observed being shed from the tornado during a brief weakening period. A persistent layer of vortex tilt was observed near the level of free convection, which separated two layers with contrasting modes of tornado decay. Finally, the vertical cross correlation of vortex intensity reveals that apart from the brief instances of upward vortex intensification and downward decay, tornado intensity was highly correlated throughout the observation period.