bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barriers for teaching communication skills in Spanish Medical Schools: a qualitative study with academic leaders
Authors: Ruiz-Moral Roger , de Leonardo Cristina García , Pérez Alvaro Cerro , Martínez Fernando Caballero , Martín Diana Monge 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background In recent years, Spanish medical schools have been incorporating training in communication skills, although how this is being carried out has not yet been evaluated. Our objective was to identify the barriers faced when introducing and developing communication skills teaching in Spanish Medical Schools.Method 34 Medical Schoos (83%) were invited to participate in a previous study that explored factual aspects of teaching Communication Skills in these schools. The heads of this subject were contacted at each school and asked to respond to an open-ended question. Two researchers independently conducted a thematic analysis of the responses.Results We received responses from 30 Medical Schools, (85.7% of those contacted and 73% of all Medical Schools in Spain). Five main thematic areas were identified, each with different sub-areas: negative attitudes of teachers and academic leaders, type of organisation, structure and presence in the Communication Skills curriculum, negative attitudes of students, lack or absence of trained teachers and problems linked to teaching methods and necessary educational logistics.Conclusions The barriers identified represent a set of interrelated problems that could explain the way in which Communication Schools are being introduced and the level of priority that many of the Medical Schools give to these skills. The study also shows a wide range of potential ways to intervene to improve Communication Skills teaching and make it more effective in undergraduate medical studies.
Endgame of the smoking epidemic in high-income countries reflected in life expectancy sex differences: a populations-based study
Authors: Wensink Maarten , Álvarez Jesús-Adrián , Rizzi Silvia , Janssen Fanny , Lindahl-Jacobsen Rune 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background

Of all lifestyle behaviours, smoking caused the most deaths in the last century. Because of the time lapse between the uptake of smoking and the mortality from smoking, male and female smoking epidemiology often follows a typical double wave pattern dubbed the ‘smoking epidemic’. How is this epidemic progressing, how does it affect male-female survival differences, and how does it act on a cohort-by-age basis?Methods

We examine changes in smoking-attributable mortality fractions as estimated by the Preston-Glei-Wilmoth method by age group (ages 50-85) across birth cohorts 1870-1965, utilizing data from the WHO mortality database and the human mortality database. We compare these to changes in the sex differences in life expectancy at age 50 in three geographic regions that have progressed farthest into the smoking epidemic: high-income North America, Europe and Oceania.Results

We find that for older cohorts (~1910-1930) for most ages, smoking-attributable mortality has broadly been stable or declining for males while growing for females, contributing to a decline in the advantage of women in terms of life expectancy from around 4.5 years towards 2 years. Yet more recent cohorts (~1955-1965) show a precipitous decline in smoking mortality for all age groups available.Conclusions

In line with previous findings, the smoking epidemic contributed materially to the male-female survival gap and to the recent narrowing of that gap. In addition, the precipitous decline in smoking mortality in recent cohorts that we find suggests that the smoking epidemic in the three selected regions is ending or at least subsiding. Our results also give a glimpse of what low- and middle-income countries may expect in term of sex differences in smoking-attributable mortality and life expectancy. Our approach shows that a cohort-by-age analysis is helpful in tracking the smoking epidemic.
Analysis of partnerships for actions intra-sectoral and inter-sectors for health in areas of high socio-environmental vulnerability in the city of São Paulo/Brazil: a mixed method study
Authors: Bezerra Patricia Melo , Guerriero Iara Coelho Zito 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Context

Since poverty areas are socioeconomic complex and limiting environments, there is a need to develop intra-sectoral and inter-sectoral actions in the health territory in order to achieve the economic and social well-being of people and society. This research aims to understand the relationship between inter-sectorial and inter-sectoral actions for health and socio-environmental groupings of the most vulnerable health territories in the city of São Paulo, identify which are the most frequent partners of these actions and how professionals experience these partnerships in their daily lives.Method

We adopted the mixed sequential and explanatory method. In the first phase, an online form is applied and identifies the Basic Health Units (BHU) that take place as intersectoral actions with more partners. In the second phase, we explored how the professionals consider the characteristics of the territory where they act to seek partnerships and how they carry out the actions.Results

Analysis of quantitative data indicated that: a) More than 98% of BHUs conduct intra- and inter-sectoral partnerships and b) there is no relationship between the indices of the most vulnerable groupings and the presence of intra- and inter-sectoral actions with statistical significance p <0.05. The content analysis of literal transcriptions pointed out that: intra- and inter-sectoral practices developed in the health territories were driven by the needs of the treatment of diseases or by the precarious conditions of life of individual or collectivities. However, in order to assist different types of violence, health professionals avoid seeking partnerships, including with the Tutelary Council and the Center for Human Rights, as they fear they will suffer reprisals by those who cause this violence. There was consistency between quantitative and qualitative data, except for partnership with education, other BHUs, environment, and the Tutelary Council.Conclusion

The construction of personalized partnerships for individual and collective health, in order to cope with social inequalities; of chronic diseases and by phases of the life cycle involved in socioeconomic fragilities that generate more poverty is part of the job from BHU’s professionals.
Primary caregivers perceptions of the role of fathers in the provision of nutritional care in a resource constrained environment in Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: Brown Melissa Judith , Roman Nicolette 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background : The role of fathers has traditionally been defined as a breadwinner or provider, with men generally having lower levels of engagement in childcare tasks, especially with young children. The involvement of fathers has important consequences for child well-being, especially with regards to issues of diet/nutrition, exercise, play, and parenting behaviours. This paper seeks to explore the perceptions and limitations that primary caregivers have on fathers’ provision of care in a resource constrained community in South Africa.
Methods : Data was collected through in-depth face to face interviews, with a sample of 10 primary caregivers in a resource constrained community in Cape Town, South Africa.
Results : The findings reveal that there is a lack of involvement from fathers in the provision of nutritional care and that this affects mothers and grandmothers who then need to provide both the physical and emotional care to their children. These findings are based on the perspective of mothers and grandmothers and their perceived roles in the family.
Conclusion : The level of lack of financial involvement from fathers has dramatically affected the participating family’s food security due to only one member in the household earning below minimum wage. This has therefore meant that the dietary needs of the family are not being met with nutritional foods, but instead by high fat and high sugar content foods. The findings also highlighted that primary caregivers want to be taught about health and nutritional food choices for a limited budget.
Risky Sexual Behavior and Associated Factors among High School and Preparatory School Students in Yaedwha, East Gojjam, Ethiopia, 2019.
Authors: Ermed Birhan , Taddele Mekuanint , Temesgen Belsity , Tiruneh Tesfahun , Atnafu Natnael , Abebe Kelemu 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Sexual and reproductive health problems are among the main causes of death, disability, and disease among young people in the world particularly in Africa. Young adults represent one of the groups at highest risk for HIV infection. Safe sexual behavior remains the most effective protection against HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) for sexually active young adults.Objective: To assess the risk of sexual behaviors and associated factors among high school and preparatory school students in Yaedwha town, East Gojjam, Ethiopia, 2019.Methods: Institution based cross-sectional study design with qualitative support was conducted among high school and preparatory school students from March 18-22, 2019. Data were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire from 435 students using Stratified sampling technique. Focus group discussions were used to supplement quantitative data. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 :statistical software. Binary and multiple logistic regression analysis was used to ascertain the association between explanatory variables and the outcome. Variables with P value less than 0.25 in the bivariate analysis and P-value < 0.05 and corresponding 95% CI of odds ratio were considered to declare a result as statistically significant. Analysis of information obtained from FGDs was done manually using themes. Results: The overall risk sexual behaviors among sexually active students in the last 12 months were 25.8%. The variables, peer pressure, alcohol use, living arrangement and educational level statistically significant with p values< 0.05 [AOR=2.540(1.59, 4.05)], [AOR= 2.87(1.56, 5.28))], [AOR=2.29(1.41, 3.69] and [AOR=1.68(1.02, 2.77)] respectively,Conclusion: Considerable number of students had practiced risk sexual behaviors. The associated factors of risky sexual behaviors among students were peer pressure, alcohol use, educational status, and current living conditions were the most influencing factors for risky sexual behaviors . So school-based reproductive health interventions are mandatory to prevent risky sexual behaviors, negotiate condom use, youth-friendly sexual and reproductive health services. Keywords: Risk Sexual Behaviors, Associated factors, Students, Yaedwha, Ethiopia.
Reconstruction and analysis of a carbon-core metabolic network for Dunaliella salina
Authors: Fachet Melanie , Witte Carina , Flassig Robert J , Rihko-Struckmann Liisa K. , McKie-Krisberg Zaid , Polle Juergen EW , Sundmacher Kai 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background
The green microalga Dunaliella salina accumulates a high proportion of beta-carotene during abiotic stress conditions. To better understand the intracellular flux distribution leading to carotenoid accumulation, this work aimed at reconstructing a carbon core metabolic network for D. salina CCAP 19/18 based on the recently published.
Results
The reconstruction resulted in a network model with 221 reactions and 212 metabolites within three compartments: cytosol, chloroplast and mitochondrion. The network was implemented in the MATLAB toolbox CellNetAnalyzer and checked for feasibility. Furthermore, a flux balance analysis was carried out for different light and nutrient uptake rates. The comparison of the experimental knowledge with the model prediction revealed that the results of the stoichiometric network analysis are plausible and in good agreement with the observed behavior. Accordingly, our model provides an excellent new tool to interrogate and better understand the carbon core metabolism of D. salina.
Conclusions
The reconstructed metabolic network of D. salina presented in this work is able to predict the biological behavior under light and nutrient stress and will lead to an improved process understanding for the optimized production of high-value products in microalgae.
Stress response and toxicity studies on zebrafish exposed to endosulfan and imidacloprid present in water
Authors: Muazzam Barzah , Munawar Kashif , Khan Imtiaz Ahmad , Jahan Sarwat , Iqbal Mazhar , Asi Muhammad Rafique , Farooqi Abida , Nazli Adila , Hussain Ijaz , Zafar Mazhar Iqbal 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Fish and other aquatic biota are hampered by mixtures of pesticides which pollute natural water through agricultural runoff and other sources. Toxicity of combined exposures of endosulfan and imidacloprid on zebrafish in terms of oxidative stress and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage in liver and histological alterations in gills and muscles was investigated. Zebrafish were exposed to three different sub-lethal concentrations of endosulfan and imidacloprid along with control selected for each treatment for 21 days: control treatment (CT), treatment 1 (T1), treatment 2 (T2) and treatment 3 (T3). T1, T2 and T3 groups were exposed to 0.1, 0.5 and 1 μg/L of endosulfan, respectively, while imidacloprid concentration was maintained at 1 ppm in all three treatments. Oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring levels of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Comet assay was applied to measure degree of DNA damage. Dose- and time-dependent decrease in SOD and CAT activity was observed after 21 days of exposure while low concentrations of pesticides induced SOD and CAT activities after early exposure to reduce the oxidative stress. MDA content was found to be increased in T3 having high concentrations of pesticides. Substantial increase in DNA damage was noticed after 21 days' exposure to pesticides. Significant morphological changes were observed in gills relative to muscles.
Research on the influence of diversion flow ratio on the water environment in Nanjing
Authors: Song Weiwei , Pang Yong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we take the Qinhuai River Basin in Nanjing as an example to study the influence of diversion flow ratio on the water environment. The daily precipitation of 20 rainfall stations in the basin was collected from 1962 to 2006, and the rainfall under different assurance rates was calculated by P-III frequency curve to calculate the surface runoff in different typical years. In the meantime, according to the downstream furcated estuary water level in different typical years, the diversion flow ratio under different frequencies was calculated by using a mathematical model of the water environment. The results show that the diversion flow ratio of a branch channel increases with the increase of water level difference, and the growth rate decreases gradually. The other branch channel diversion flow ratio decreases with the increase of water level difference, and the decreasing rate decreases gradually. The pollutant concentrations in the bifurcated rivers are equal, but the concentration decreases exponentially with the increase of the upstream flow. Under different rainfall frequencies, the diversion pollutant ratio and diversion flow ratio are equal in different months of different years.
Surface runoff and pollutant load response to urbanization, climate variability, and low impact developments – a case study
Authors: Nazari-Sharabian Mohammad , Taheriyoun Masoud , Karakouzian Moses 
Published: September 2019

AbstractUsing the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), this study evaluated the impacts of (a) 20% and 50% urbanization at the mountainous Mahabad Dam watershed in Iran, as probable future land developments, (b) the urbanization location (near the outlet, in the middle, and at the far end of the watershed), (c) climate variability (increase in evaporation and rainfall intensity), and (d) implementing vegetative swales as low impact developments (LIDs), on watershed-generated runoff and pollutant loads (total suspended solids (TSS), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP)). Combination of the above-mentioned factors resulted in 17 scenarios, and each scenario was run for a 12-hour simulation in the model. The results indicated that based on land developments, areas with more dominant agricultural land generated more TN and TP, areas with more undeveloped lands generated more TSS, and more urbanized areas generated more runoff. Moreover, the 50% urbanization scenario resulted in more runoff and pollutant loads, compared with the 20% urbanization scenario. Under scenarios with climate variability, runoff and pollutant load peaks occurred earlier in time, due to the higher intensity rainfall events. Furthermore, LIDs decreased pollutant loads up to 25%, indicating their effectiveness in decreasing the impact of urbanization on receiving water bodies.
A review of drug repositioning based chemical-induced cell line expression data
Authors: Wang Fei , Lei Xiujuan , Wu Fang-Xiang 
Published: September 2019

:
Drug repositioning is an important area of biomedical research. The drug repositioning studies have shifted to computational approaches. Large-scale perturbation databases, such as the Connectivity Map and the Library of Integrated Network-Based Cellular Signatures, contain a number of chemical-induced gene expression profiles and provide great opportunities for computational biology and drug repositioning. One reason is that the profiles provided by the Connectivity Map and the Library of Integrated Network-Based Cellular Signatures databases show an overall view of biological mechanism in drugs, diseases and genes. In this article, we provide a review of the two databases and their recent applications in drug repositioning.
Three-dimensional Quantitative Structure-activity Relationship (3DQSAR) and Molecular Docking Study of 2-((pyridin-3-yloxy)methyl) Piperazines as α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Modulators for the Treatment of Inflammatory Disorders
Authors: Purohit Deepika , Saini Vandana , Kumar Sanjiv , Kumar Ajit , Narasimhan Balasubramanian 
Published: September 2019

Background & Objective:
Comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) of 27 analogues
of 2-((pyridin-3-yloxy)methyl)piperazine derivatives was carried out using software Tripos SYBYL X.
Optimal r2 (0.854) and q2 (0.541) values were obtained for the developed 3D-QSAR model. The contour
plots obtained from CoMFA analysis have shown 13.84% steric contribution and 66.14% electrostatic
contribution towards an anti-inflammatory activity.

Methods:
The homology model of the receptor protein, α7 nicotinic acetylcholine, was generated in
SWISS MODELLER using auto template mode and was analysed for the quality using Procheck,
QMEAN Z-score, Anolea and GROMOS plots. The QMEAN score for the model was observed to be -
3.862. The generated model of alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor was used for docking study of
27 piperazine analogues using Auto-Dock 4.2.5.1.

Results:
The dock score obtained from docking analysis was then correlated with experimental pIC50
values for in-silico validation of the developed CoMFA model and a good correlation was obtained
with correlation coefficient (r2) value of -0.7378.

Conclusion:
The present investigation suggests an optimal 3D-QSAR with CoMFA model for further
evaluating new chemical entities based on piperazine skeleton.
Bilateral Sub-deltoid Bursitis in a Patient Receiving Infliximab for Crohn's Disease
Authors: Bellakhal Syrine , Abbes Maissa , Jomni Mohamed Taieb , Abdelaali Imen , Charfi Mehdi , Douggui Mohamed Hedi 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Infiximab has been shown to be effective in inducing and maintaining remission
of intestinal bowel diseases. Infiximab has been associated with many adverse events. Articular
manifestations are commonly reported, but they are of variable clinical expression and aetiology.
Among them, inflammatory bursitis has rarely been described.

Objective:
Herein a case of inflammatory bursitis in a patient with Crohn’s disease after switching to
biosimilar infliximab is reported.

Case Report::
A 41-year-old man with Crohn’s disease evolving from 3 years was referred to infliximab
therapy at a dose of 5mg/kg because of an aggressive resistant perineal fistula. After 14 infusions of infliximab,
the treatment was switched to infliximab biosimilar using the same dose and frequency of administration.

Discussion:
The diagnosis of non-infective sub-acromial bursitis secondary to infliximab infusion was
made as the patient’s symptoms resolved rapidly without any antibiotics. Infliximab was definitively
stopped and adalimumab was introduced.

:
Forty-eight hours after the second infusion, he developed an acute onset of muscle pain and stiffness on
both of his shoulders. A musculoskeletal ultrasound was performed and revealed a hypoechoic widening
of both subacromial bursae. It was more severe on the left side.

Conclusions:
Musculoskeletal side effects of infliximab infusion are uncommonly reported. Among them,
bursitis has been reported in only a few cases. Ultrasonography can help early diagnosis of bursitis. The
time of occurring of this reaction regarding infliximab infusion, screening of Antibodies to Infliximab
(ATI) and clinical outcome after drug discontinuation are the main helpful arguments.
Integrating Second-order Moving Average and Over-sampling Algorithm to Predict Apoptosis Protein Subcellular Localization
Authors: Liang Yunyun , Zhang Shengli 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Apoptosis proteins have a key role in the development and the
homeostasis of the organism, and are very important to understand the mechanism of cell
proliferation and death. The function of apoptosis protein is closely related to its subcellular
location.

Objective:
Prediction of apoptosis protein subcellular localization is a meaningful task.

Methods:
In this study, we predict the apoptosis protein subcellular location by using the PSSMbased
second-order moving average descriptor, nonnegative matrix factorization based on
Kullback-Leibler divergence and over-sampling algorithms. This model is named by SOMAPKLNMF-
OS and constructed on the ZD98, ZW225 and CL317 benchmark datasets. Then, the
support vector machine is adopted as the classifier, and the bias-free jackknife test method is used
to evaluate the accuracy.

Results:
Our prediction system achieves the favorable and promising performance of the overall
accuracy on the three datasets and also outperforms the other listed models.

Conclusion:
The results show that our model offers a high throughput tool for the identification of
apoptosis protein subcellular localization.