bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
British Obesity Metabolic Surgery Society endorsed guidelines for psychological support pre‐ and post‐bariatric surgery
Authors: Ogden Jane , Ratcliffe Denise , Snowdon‐Carr Vanessa 
Published: September 2019

SummaryResearch teams have argued that some bariatric patients require psychological input pre‐ and post‐surgery and that weight loss surgery should only be undertaken by a multidisciplinary team (MDT) that can provide psychological support. To date, no guidelines exist for the provision of psychological support pre‐ and post‐bariatric surgery. The authors were approached by British Obesity Metabolic Surgery Society (BOMSS) in September 2017 to produce guidelines for the provision of psychological support for patients pre‐ and post‐bariatric surgery. These guidelines were developed using seven stages: (a) review of evidence base; (b) expert input; (c) feedback from BOMSS delegates; (d) feedback from the special interest group; (e) service user feedback; (f) presentation to BOMSS council; and (g) presentation to the Association for the Study of Obesity. The guidelines describe two stepped care service models for the delivery of psychological support pre‐surgery and 6 to 9 months post‐surgery involving online resources, group workshops and one‐to‐one with a clinical psychologist. They are founded upon the following principles: (a) a living document to be modified over time; (b) flexible and pragmatic; (c) advisory not prescriptive; (d) broad based content; (e) skills based delivery. These guidelines are feasible for use across all services and should minimize patient risk and maximize patient health outcomes.
To relieve or to terminate? A Confucian ethical reflection on the use of morphine for late‐stage cancer patients in China
Authors: Sun Sihan , Fan Ruiping 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMorphine is usually preferred to treat moderate or severe pain for late‐stage cancer patients. However, medically unindicated or excessive morphine use may result in respiratory depression and death. This essay contends that a clear distinction between relieving pain and performing active euthanasia in the use of morphine should be made in practice. By drawing on Confucian virtue resources, we construct a Confucian conception of human dignity, including both intrinsic and acquired dignity, to analyze the circumstances of morphine use in current China. We argue that not only the Confucian view of intrinsic dignity but also that of acquired dignity would not support morphine euthanasia.
Efficacy of metformin in preventing progression to diabetes in a Chinese population with impaired glucose regulation: Protocol for a multicentre, open‐label, randomized controlled clinical study
Authors: Ji Linong , Sun Ningling , Zhang Yunliang , Zhang Lihui , Shen Sheng'ai , Wang Xueying , Li Qiuyun , Dong Luling , Ren Weidong , Qi Lin , Li Yufeng , Yan Shuang , Cheng Wenli , Kuang Hongyu , Li Guangwei 
Published: September 2019

AimTo investigate the effectiveness of metformin in delaying or preventing progression to diabetes in a Chinese population with impaired glucose regulation (IGR).Materials and methodsThis multicentre, randomized, open‐label, controlled study (NCT03441750) will assess the efficacy of metformin in preventing diabetes over ≥2 years. Eligible participants will be randomly assigned (1:1) to lifestyle intervention (LSI) or metformin plus LSI, with stratification based on blood pressure, anti‐hypertensive medication use and isolated/non‐isolated impaired fasting glucose. All participants will receive LSI advice. Participants in the metformin plus LSI group will receive metformin 850 mg once daily for the first 2 weeks, and twice daily thereafter, according to tolerability.ResultsThe primary objective is to compare rates of newly diagnosed diabetes in the two intervention groups. Changes in glycaemia, blood pressure, body weight, insulin resistance, and safety outcomes will also be evaluated.ConclusionsThis large clinical trial in a Chinese population with IGR aims to provide critical information to guide clinical decision‐making in order to alleviate the current diabetes epidemic.
How characteristic is the species characteristic selection scale?
Authors: Stuber Erica F. , Fontaine Joseph J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimThe importance of framing investigations of organism–environment relationships to interpret patterns at relevant spatial scales is increasingly recognized. However, most research related to environmental relationships is single‐scaled, implicitly or explicitly assuming that a “species characteristic selection scale” exists. We tested the premise that a single characteristic scale exists to understand species–environment relationships within species by asking (a) what are the characteristic scales of species’ relationships with environmental predictors, and (b) is within‐species, cross‐predictor consistency in characteristic scales a general phenomenon.LocationNebraska, USA.Time period2016.Major taxa studiedBirds.MethodsWe used data from 86 species at > 500 locations to build hierarchical N‐mixture models relating species abundance to land cover variables. By incorporating Bayesian latent indicator scale selection, we identified the spatial scales that best explain species–environment relationships with each land cover predictor. We quantified the extent of cross‐predictor consistency in characteristic scales, and contrasted this to the expectation given a single species’ characteristic scale.ResultsWe found no evidence for a characteristic spatial scale explaining all abundance–environment relationships within species, rather we found substantial variation in scale‐dependence across multiple environmental attributes. Furthermore, 33% of species displayed evidence of multiple important spatial scales within environmental attributes.Major conclusionsWithin species there is little evidence for a single characteristic scale of environmental relationships and considerable variation in species’ scale dependencies. Because species may respond to multiple environmental attributes at different spatial scales, or single environmental attributes at multiple scales, we caution against any unoptimized single‐scale studies. Our results demonstrate that until a framework is developed to predict the scales at which species respond to environmental characteristics, multi‐scale investigations must be performed to identify and account for multi‐scale dependencies. Natural selection acting on species’ response to distinct environmental attributes, rather than natural selection acting on species’ perception of spatial scales per se, may have shaped patterns of scale dependency and is an area ripe for investigation.
Lamellipodium tip actin barbed ends serve as a force sensor
Authors: Koseki Kazuma , Taniguchi Daisuke , Yamashiro Sawako , Mizuno Hiroaki , Vavylonis Dimitrios , Watanabe Naoki 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCells change direction of migration by sensing rigidity of environment and traction force, yet its underlying mechanism is unclear. Here, we show that tip actin barbed ends serve as an active “force sensor” at the leading edge. We established a method to visualize intracellular single‐molecule fluorescent actin through an elastic culture substrate. We found that immediately after cell edge stretch, actin assembly increased specifically at the lamellipodium tip. The rate of actin assembly increased with increasing stretch speed. Furthermore, tip actin polymerization remained elevated at the subsequent hold step, which was accompanied by a decrease in the load on the tip barbed ends. Stretch‐induced tip actin polymerization was still observed without either the WAVE complex or Ena/VASP proteins. The observed relationships between forces and tip actin polymerization are consistent with a force–velocity relationship as predicted by the Brownian ratchet mechanism. Stretch caused extra membrane protrusion with respect to the stretched substrate and increased local tip polymerization by >5% of total cellular actin in 30 s. Our data reveal that augmentation of lamellipodium tip actin assembly is directly coupled to the load decrease, which may serve as a force sensor for directed cell protrusion.
Tribological behavior studies of chemically bonded phosphate ceramic coatings reinforced with modified multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)
Authors: Xu Rongli , Bian Da , Zhao Yongwu , Xu Xiaoyan , Liu Yaxuan , Zhou Wenlei 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTo improve the wear resistance of the chemically bonded phosphate ceramic coatings, MWCNTs are selected as the reinforcement after the modification. The high temperature wear experiment is carried out to investigate the wear behavior of the coatings with different temperatures. The results suggest that, when the temperature is below 500℃, MWCNTs can decrease friction coefficient, and the lowest friction coefficient is about 0.28, but MWCNTs lose the lubricant function at 500℃ and the friction coefficient keeps at the level of ~ 0.68. In addition, the wear resistance of coatings is improved with the introduction of MWCNTs at 100℃ and 300℃ (the wear rate is below 15X10‐3mm3/Nm), but keeps similar level at 500℃ (the wear rate is ~ 22 × 10−3mm3/Nm). Besides, the wear mechanism of the coatings reinforced by MWCNTs is also investigated based on the wear behavior and microstructural characterizations. MWCNTs improve the fracture toughness by preventing the crack generation and forming the bridge when crack occurs, which leads to smooth wear tracks and good wear resistance of coatings. The coatings with MWCNTs achieve poor wear resistance at 500℃ because MWCNTs lose their strength and resistance to fatigue by oxidizing.
Paraneoplastic pyoderma gangrenosum in solid organ malignancy: a literature review
Authors: Shah Monica , Sachdeva Muskaan , Gefri Amnah , Jfri Abdulhadi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare destructive, ulcerative, and inflammatory cutaneous disease. PG can be associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), arthritis, autoinflammatory syndromes, and hematological malignancies. Multiple reports in the literature have found an association between PG and solid organ tumors. This article provides a summary and review of PG in patients with solid organ malignancies. We performed a PubMed search using the terms pyoderma gangrenosum, paraneoplastic pyoderma gangrenosum, cancer, malignancy, tumor, and solid organ malignancy. Out of 529 papers screened, 19 relevant cases were included that reported patients above the age of 12 years old with antecedent, coincident, or subsequent occurrence of PG in association with a solid organ malignancy. The most common malignancies associated with PG were found in the breast (n = 6, 31.6%). In a majority of the cases, the site of PG was found to be the lower extremities (n = 12, 63.2%). Almost all cases were presented with ulcerative PG subtype (n = 18, 94.7%). Moreover, 78.9% of cases (n = 15) were reported to have PG prior to tumor diagnosis. PG lesions resolved in 100% of patients after either tumor or PG‐specific treatment. We identified a strong temporal relationship between ulcerative PG and its associated solid organ malignancy. Other associations with breast cancer and lower extremity location exist but are not as strong.
Pour de nouveaux indicateurs des droits au travail: méthode de construction et tendances 2000–2015
Authors: KUCERA David , SARI Dora 
Published: September 2019

RésuméLes auteurs proposent une nouvelle méthode pour mesurer l'état de la liberté syndicale et de la négociation collective, qui repose sur un codage des atteintes repérées dans neuf sources documentaires, dont six rapports du BIT et des textes du droit national. Leurs indicateurs, disponibles pour 185 États Membres de l'OIT, ont été publiés en 2015 par le Center for Global Workers’ Rights de l'Université Penn State, en association avec l'Université ouvrière mondiale. Dans une résolution d'octobre 2018, la Conférence internationale des statisticiens du travail recommande l'adoption de cette méthode pour mesurer l'indicateur sur les droits des travailleurs (8.8.2) associé aux objectifs de développement durable.
Cystatin C regulates major histocompatibility complex‐II–peptide presentation and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase‐dependent polarizing cytokine production by bone marrow‐derived dendritic cells
Authors: Zhang Wenjie , Zi Mengting , Sun Li , Wang Fengge , Chen Shun , Zhao Yanfang , Liang Shuangchao , Hu Jiqiong , Liu Shan , Liu Lei , Zhan Yifan , Lew Andrew M , Xu Yuekang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCystatin C is a ubiquitously expressed cysteine protease inhibitor that protects cells from either improper hydrolysis by endogenous proteases or pathogen growth/virulence by exogenous proteases. Although commonly used as a serum biomarker for evaluating renal function, cystatin C is associated with many immunological disorders under various pathophysiological conditions. How cystatin C affects immune cells, especially dendritic cells (DCs), however, is far from clear. In this study, we found that pharmacological treatment with or genetic overexpression of cystatin C in bone marrow‐derived DCs (BMDCs) reduced their capacity to stimulate CD4+ T‐cell proliferation, despite increased antigen uptake. This reduced capacity corresponded with reduced major histocompatibility complex‐II presentation owing to diminished levels of the chaperon H2‐DM in BMDCs. Instead of promoting proliferation, cystatin C promoted skewing of T cells toward proinflammatory T‐helper (Th)1/Th17 differentiation. This was mediated by augmented extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 mitogen‐activated protein kinase phosphorylation in BMDCs, leading to secretion of polarizing cytokines, which in turn led to the Th deviation. Collectively, our study explained the cellular and molecular basis of how this protease inhibitor can regulate immune responses, namely by affecting BMDCs and their cytokine pathway. Our results might open up an avenue for the development of therapeutic agents for the treatment of cystatin C‐related immunological diseases.
Smoking‐related violence in a mental health setting following the implementation of a comprehensive smoke‐free policy: A content analysis of incident reports
Authors: Spaducci Gilda , McNeill Ann , Hubbard Kathryn , Stewart Duncan , Yates Mary , Robson Deborah 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSmoke‐free policies in mental health settings are important to protect health but are often impeded by staff concerns that physical violence may increase. We aimed to address the literature gap about the frequency, nature, and management of physical violence in relation to smoking. We compared the antecedents and containment of smoking‐related incidents of physical violence over a two‐year period, (12 months when an indoor‐only smoke‐free policy was in place, followed by 12 months after a new comprehensive smoke‐free policy was introduced) using incident reports completed by staff in a large mental health organization in London, UK. Sixty‐one smoking‐related incidents occurred during the indoor‐only smoke‐free policy period; 32 smoking‐related incidents occurred during the comprehensive smoke‐free policy. We identified four antecedent categories for physical violence: i) patient request to smoke denied by staff; ii) during a supervised smoking break; iii) staff response to a patient breach of the smoke‐free policy iv) asking for, trading or stealing smoking materials. The antecedent pattern changed across the two policy periods, with fewer incidents of denying a patient's request to smoke and a greater number of incidents involving staff responding to breaches occurring after the introduction of the comprehensive smoke‐free policy. The prohibition of smoking breaks removed this source of violence. Timeout and PRN medication were the most common containment interventions. Understanding the context of smoking‐related violence may inform clinical guidelines about its prevention and management.
Catheter ablation of ventricular arrhythmias originating from the para‐Hisian region with reversed C‐curve technique
Authors: Sun Jian , Zhang Peng‐Pai , Wang Qun‐Shan , Xu Quan‐Fu , Wang Zhi‐Quan , Yu Ying , Zhou Qian , Han Ya‐Qin , Li Wei , Li Yi‐Gang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimsVentricular arrhythmias (VAs) originating from the para‐Hisian region represent a challenging location. The long‐term success rate of catheter ablation above the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve is not ideal. This study aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of catheter ablation for para‐Hisian VAs via a direct approach under the septal valve with reversed C‐curve technique.Methods and ResultsTwenty‐five consecutive patients with para‐Hisian VAs were included. Systematic mapping was performed in the right ventricle septum, including both the regions above and under the septal valve. Radiofrequency (RF) ablation was preferentially performed under the valve with reversed C‐curve technique in all patients. If the ablation failed under the valve, it was then performed above the valve and even in aortic sinus cusps. The earliest ventricular activation preceding surface QRS (V‐QRS) under the valve was significantly larger than that above the valve (34.8 ± 5.3 vs 27.8 ± 5.7 ms, P < .01). RF ablation under the valve with reversed C‐curve technique achieved acute success in 22 of 25 (88%) patients. Junctional rhythm developed during ablation in 3 of 25 (12%) patients and no atrioventricular block occurred. In the remaining three patients, RF application above the valve failed to eliminate the VAs and one of them achieved successful ablation in the right coronary cusp. During a mean follow‐up of 17.8 ± 9.4 months, no patients presented with VAs recurrence and no postprocedure complications occurred.ConclusionsCatheter ablation under the valve with reversed C‐curve technique shows to be effective and safe for para‐Hisian VAs.
Global multielectrode contact‐mapping plus ablation with a single catheter in patients with atrial fibrillation: Global AF study
Authors: Kottkamp Hans , Hindricks Gerhard , Pönisch Christian , Bertagnolli Livio , Moser Fabian , Hilbert Sebastian , Rieger Andreas , Sommer Philipp 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe critical question for technological advancement of catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) is whether a creative new concept can combine and even improve the options of single‐tip catheters with the simplicity of the use of balloon catheters. Herein are described the results from the first clinical study of a new multielectrode contact‐mapping plus ablation array (Globe) offering such a complete solution.Methods and ResultsThe multielectrode Globe array consists of 16 flat ribs with 122 gold‐plated electrodes. Each electrode can record electrograms, ablate, pace, and can measure tissue contact and temperature. Single‐shot pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is possible with temperature‐guided ablation of up to 24 electrodes simultaneously with automatic, individual power control of every electrode. Sixty patients with symptomatic AF underwent PVI using the Globe. In all sixty patients, acute PVI was achieved in 232 of 234 attempted PVs (99.1%). In 34 patients treated with “single‐hot‐shot” ablation, PVI was achieved in 136 of 136 PVs (100%). Single‐procedure 12‐month freedom from AF off antiarrhythmic drugs in the “single‐hot‐shot” group was 75.5% and freedom from AF/atrial tachycardia 72.3%. In two patients, pericardial tamponade was observed, one after a transseptal puncture, and one during array insertion with an over‐advanced sheath. There were no other device‐related serious adverse events, including stroke, PV stenosis, esophageal perforation, or phrenic nerve palsy.ConclusionsIn this first clinical series, the Globe catheter was found to be an easy‐to‐use system for single‐shot PVI. The continuously updated multielectrode voltage and activation mapping data indicate future options for mapping and ablation beyond PVI.
Special considerations in mapping and ablation of focal ventricular arrhythmias originating from the left ventricular outflow tract in patients with a transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Yamada Takumi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTranscatheter aortic valve replacements (TAVRs) have been increasingly performed in high‐risk patients with severe aortic stenosis. Focal ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) originating from the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) can occur after a TAVR, and radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) should be considered as a treatment option when those VAs are drug‐refractory. There are specific challenges in the RFCA of LVOT VAs after a TAVR because the tubular structure of the TAVR device sits in the LVOT. However, if the anatomical background of the TAVR and LVOT VAs are well understood and the anatomical relationship between the TAVR device and LVOT is sufficiently evaluated, RFCA of LVOT VAs in patients with a TAVR should be safe and highly successful.
Mesenchymal stem cell‐derived exosomes ameliorate erection by reducing oxidative stress damage of corpus cavernosum in a rat model of artery injury
Authors: Liu Yangzhou , Zhao Shankun , Luo Lianmin , Wang Jiamin , Zhu Zhiguo , Xiang Qian , Deng Yihan , Zhao Zhigang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractErectile dysfunction (ED) is a common ageing male's disease, and vascular ED accounts for the largest proportion of all types of ED. One of the mechanisms of vascular ED in the clinic is arterial insufficiency, which mainly caused by atherosclerosis, trauma and surgical. Moreover, oxidative stress damage after tissue ischemia usually aggravated the progress of ED. As a new way of acellular therapy, mesenchymal stem cell‐derived exosomes (MSC‐Exos) have great potential in ED treatment. In the current study, we have explored the mechanism of MSC‐Exos therapy in a rat model of internal iliac artery injury‐induced ED. Compared with intracavernous (IC) injection of phosphate‐buffered saline after artery injury, of note, we observed that both mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and MSC‐Exos through IC injection could improve the erectile function to varying degrees. More specifically, IC injection MSC‐Exos could promote cavernous sinus endothelial formation, reduce the organization oxidative stress damage, and improve the nitric oxide synthase and smooth muscle content in the corpus cavernosum. With similar potency compared with the stem cell therapy and other unique advantages, IC injection of MSC‐ Exos could be an effective treatment to ameliorate erectile function in a rat model of arterial injury.