bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Cobalt Catalyst Permits the Direct Hydrogenative Synthesis of 1H‐Perimidines from a Dinitroarene and an Aldehyde
Authors: Schwob Tobias , Ade Mirco , Kempe Rhett 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA new sustainable catalytic reaction, the synthesis of 1H‐ perimidines from a dinitroarene and an aldehyde in the presence of H2, was achieved. An earth‐abundant metal catalyst was developed to permit the efficient, highly chemoselective, and consecutive hydrogenation of dinitroarenes. The catalyst was reusable and easy to handle. The use of a specific Co complex and its pyrolysis at a certain temperature was crucial to achieve high activity for the complex organic transformation. Benzylic and aliphatic aldehydes could undergo the hydrogenative condensation, and many functional groups, including hydrogenation‐sensitive examples such as iodo aryl, nitrile, olefin, and alkyne groups, were tolerated.
A method for confirming CJC‐1295 abuse in equine plasma samples by LC–MS/MS
Authors: Timms Mark , Ganio Katherine , Steel Rohan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCJC‐1295 is a peptide‐based drug that stimulates the production of growth hormone (GH) from the pituitary gland. It incorporates a functional maleimido group at the C‐terminus that allows it to covalently bind plasma proteins such as serum albumin. These CJC‐1295‐protein conjugates have a much greater half‐life compared to the unconjugated peptide and are capable of stimulating GH production for more than six days in humans after a single administration. Conjugated CJC‐1295 is difficult to detect in blood by mass spectrometry due to its low abundance, high molecular weight, and conjugation to a range of different protein substrates. Previously we described a screening procedure for the detection of CJC‐1295 in equine plasma using an immuno‐PCR assay. Here we demonstrate the confirmation of CJC‐1295 in equine plasma by LC−MS/MS after immuno‐affinity capture and tryptic digestion. Using this method, CJC‐1295 was identified down to concentrations as low as 180 pg/mL in 1 mL of equine plasma.
Stable transgenesis in Astyanax mexicanus using the Tol2 transposase system
Authors: Stahl Bethany A. , Peuß Robert , McDole Brittnee , Kenzior Alexander , Jaggard James B. , Gaudenz Karin , Krishnan Jaya , McGaugh Suzanne E. , Duboue Erik R. , Keene Alex C. , Rohner Nicolas 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackground
Astyanax mexicanus is a well‐established fish model system for evolutionary and developmental biology research. These fish exist as surface forms that inhabit rivers and 30 different populations of cavefish. Despite important progress in the deployment of new technologies, deep mechanistic insights into the genetic basis of evolution, development, and behavior have been limited by a lack of transgenic lines commonly used in genetic model systems.ResultsHere, we expand the toolkit of transgenesis by characterizing two novel stable transgenic lines that were generated using the highly efficient Tol2 system, commonly used to generate transgenic zebrafish. A stable transgenic line consisting of the zebrafish ubiquitin promoter expresses enhanced green fluorescent protein ubiquitously throughout development in a surface population of Astyanax. To define specific cell‐types, a Cntnap2‐mCherry construct labels lateral line mechanosensory neurons in zebrafish. Strikingly, both constructs appear to label the predicted cell types, suggesting many genetic tools and defined promoter regions in zebrafish are directly transferrable to cavefish.ConclusionThe lines provide proof‐of‐principle for the application of Tol2 transgenic technology in A. mexicanus. Expansion on these initial transgenic lines will provide a platform to address broadly important problems in the quest to bridge the genotype‐phenotype gap.
The distribution of plant consumption traits across habitat types and the patterns of fruit availability suggest a mechanism of coexistence of two sympatric frugivorous mammals
Authors: Tédonzong Luc Roscelin Dongmo , Willie Jacob , Tagg Nikki , Tchamba Martin N. , Angwafo Tsi Evaristus , Keuko Ada Myriane Patipe , Kuenbou Jacques Keumo , Petre Charles‐Albert , Lens Luc 
Published: April 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanisms governing the coexistence of organisms is an important question in ecology, and providing potential solutions contributes to conservation science. In this study, we evaluated the contribution of several mechanisms to the coexistence of two sympatric frugivores, using western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) and central chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) in a tropical rainforest of southeast Cameroon as a model system. We collected great ape fecal samples to determine and classify fruit species consumed; we conducted great ape nest surveys to evaluate seasonal patterns of habitat use; and we collected botanical data to investigate the distribution of plant species across habitat types in relation to their “consumption traits” (which indicate whether plants are preferred or fallback for either gorilla, chimpanzee, or both). We found that patterns of habitat use varied seasonally for both gorillas and chimpanzees and that gorilla and chimpanzee preferred and fallback fruits differed. Also, the distribution of plant consumption traits was influenced by habitat type and matched accordingly with the patterns of habitat use by gorillas and chimpanzees. We show that neither habitat selection nor fruit preference alone can explain the coexistence of gorillas and chimpanzees, but that considering together the distribution of plant consumption traits of fruiting woody plants across habitats as well as the pattern of fruit availability may contribute to explaining coexistence. This supports the assumptions of niche theory with dominant and subordinate species in heterogeneous landscapes, whereby a species may prefer nesting in habitats where it is less subject to competitive exclusion and where food availability is higher. To our knowledge, our study is the first to investigate the contribution of plant consumption traits, seasonality, and habitat heterogeneity to enabling the coexistence of two sympatric frugivores.OPEN RESEARCH BADGES

This article has earned an Open Data Badge for making publicly available the digitally‐shareable data necessary to reproduce the reported results. The data is available at https://datadryad.org/resource/doi:10.5061/dryad.ms65f29.
A trait‐based approach to plant species selection to increase functionality of farmland vegetative strips
Authors: Cresswell Claire J. , Cunningham Heidi M. , Wilcox Andy , Randall Nicola P. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Farmland vegetative strips are a proven source of support for ecosystem services and are globally used to mitigate effects of agricultural intensification. However, increasing pressures on agricultural land require increases in their functionality, such as supporting multiple ecosystem services concurrently.

The plant species sown in a vegetative strip seed mix determine the establishment, plant community, and ecosystem services that are supported. Currently, there is no clearly defined or structured method to select plant species for multifunctional vegetative strips.

Plant traits determine how plants support ecosystem services. Also, the establishment and persistence of plant communities is influenced by key internal and external factors. We propose a novel, evidence‐informed method of multifunctional vegetative strip design based on these essential traits and factors.

This study had three distinct stages. The first identified plant traits that support water quality protection, pollinators and/or crop pest natural enemies, using existing research evidence. We then identified key factors affecting plant community establishment and persistence. Finally, we applied these standardized methods to design a multifunctional vegetative strip for a specific case study (UK lowland farmland).

Key plant traits identified, included floral display size, flower color, nectar content, leaf surface area, leaf trichome density, percentage fine roots, root length, rooting depth, and root density. Key internal and external establishment factors included life history, native status, distribution, established competitive strategy, associated floristic diversity, flowering time and duration, and preferred soil type and pH. In the United Kingdom case study, we used five different plant traits and all of the identified factors to design a seed mix for a multifunctional vegetative strip.

We present a transferable method of vegetative strip design that can be adapted for other ecosystem services and climates. It provides landowners and advisors with an evidence‐informed approach to increase field margin functionality while supporting farmland biodiversity.

OPEN RESEARCH BADGES

This article has earned an Open Data Badge for making publicly available the digitally‐shareable data necessary to reproduce the reported results. The data is available at https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.8t52n38.
Two sides of the same coin: The differentiating role of need satisfaction and frustration in passion for screen‐based activities
Authors: Tóth‐Király István , Bőthe Beáta , Márki Anett Neszta , Rigó Adrien , Orosz Gábor 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRooted in Self‐Determination Theory, the present research sought to investigate whether the “bright” and “dark” side of human functioning (need satisfaction and need frustration, respectively) would, as determinants, differentially predict harmonious passion (HP) and obsessive passion (OP) for screen‐based activities such as Facebook use, TV series watching, online gaming, and smartphone gaming. For this purpose, four cross‐sectional studies were carried out (Ntotal = 1,065). Results showed that, across all activities, need satisfaction was negatively related to OP, but not HP. A similar pattern emerged with need frustration: It was positively related to OP, but not HP. Moreover, even after controlling for the self‐reported amount of time spent on the activities, HP predicted adaptive, activity‐specific outcomes, whereas OP predicted maladaptive ones. These findings suggest that general need satisfaction may be a protective factor against the compensatory function of OP, but need frustration may be a potential risk factor of OP and both should be taken into account in the case of passion for screen‐based activities.
Sidewall erosion: Insights from in situ‐produced 10Be concentrations measured on supraglacial clasts (Mont Blanc massif, France)
Authors: Sarr A.‐C. , Mugnier J.‐L. , Abrahami R. , Carcaillet J. , Ravanel L. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSidewall erosion because of rockfalls is one of the most efficient erosional processes in the highest parts of mountain ranges; it is therefore important to quantify sidewall erosion to understand the long‐term evolution of mountainous topography. In this study, we analyse how the 10Be concentration of supraglacial debris can be used to quantify sidewall erosion in a glaciated catchment. We first analyse, in a glaciated catchment, the cascade of processes that move a rock from a rockwall to a supraglacial location and propose a quantitative estimate of the number of rockfalls statistically mixed in a supraglacial sand sample. This model incorporates the size of the rockwall, a power law distribution of the size of the rockfalls and the mean glacial transport velocity. In the case of the Bossons glacier catchment (Mont Blanc massif), the 10Be concentrations obtained for supraglacial samples vary from 1.97 ± 0.24 to 23.82 ± 1.68 × 104 atoms g−1. Our analysis suggests that part of the 10Be concentration dispersion is related to an insufficient number of amalgamated rockfalls that does not erase the stochastic nature of the sidewall erosion. In the latter case, the concentration of several collected samples is averaged to increase the number of statistically amalgamated rockfalls. Variable and robust 10Be‐derived rockwall retreat rates are obtained for three distinct rockfall zones in the Bossons catchment and are 0.19 ± 0.08 mm year−1, 0.54 ± 0.1 mm year−1 and 1.08 ± 0.17 mm year−1. The mean 10Be retreat rate for the whole catchment (ca. 0.65 mm year−1) is close to the present‐day erosion rate derived from other methods. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Derivatives pricing with liquidity risk
Authors: Zhang Yongmin , Ding Shusheng , Duygun Meryem 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis paper develops a novel, general derivative pricing model which introduces a liquidity risk factor. The model variants we outline offer a sufficient degree of flexibility so as to enable the valuation of various types of derivative classes including futures, American options, and mortgage backed security options, whereas existing derivative models can only price liquidity risk in European derivatives. We validate the model with oil and gold futures data and compare it to a classical benchmark model void of any liquidity risk. We find that our model is significantly more accurate than the classical model for pricing both oil and gold contracts.
Clonal hematopoiesis and preleukemia—Genetics, biology, and clinical implications
Authors: Hartmann Luise , Metzeler Klaus H. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTMyeloid neoplasms including myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) originate from hematopoietic stem cells through sequential acquisition of genetic and epigenetic alterations that ultimately cause the disease‐specific phenotype of impaired differentiation and increased proliferation. It has become clear that preleukemic clonal hematopoiesis (CH), characterized by an expansion of stem and progenitor cells that carry somatic mutations but are still capable of normal differentiation, can precede the development of clinically overt myeloid neoplasia by many years. CH commonly develops in the aging hematopoietic system, yet progression to myelodysplasia or AML is rare. The discovery that myeloid neoplasms frequently develop from premalignant precursor conditions that are detectable in many healthy individuals has important consequences for the diagnosis, and potentially for the treatment of these disorders. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on CH as a precursor of myeloid cancers and the implications of CH‐related gene mutations in the diagnostic workup of patients with suspected myelodysplastic syndrome. We will discuss the risk of progression associated with CH in healthy persons and in patients undergoing chemotherapy for a non‐hematologic cancer, and the significance of CH in autologous and allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Finally, we will review the significance of preleukemic clones in AML and their persistence in patients who achieve a remission after chemotherapeutic treatment.
Dysfunctional white‐matter networks in medicated and unmedicated benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes
Authors: Jiang Yuchao , Song Li , Li Xuan , Zhang Yaodan , Chen Yan , Jiang Sisi , Hou Changyue , Yao Dezhong , Wang Xiaoming , Luo Cheng 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBenign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECT) is the most common childhood idiopathic focal epilepsy syndrome, which characterized with white‐matter abnormalities in the rolandic cortex. Although diffusion tensor imaging research could characterize white‐matter structural architecture, it cannot detect neural activity or white‐matter functions. Recent studies demonstrated the functional organization of white‐matter by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), suggesting that it is feasible to investigate white‐matter dysfunctions in BECT. Resting‐state fMRI data were collected from 24 new‐onset drug‐naive (unmedicated [NMED]), 21 medicated (MED) BECT patients, and 27 healthy controls (HC). Several white‐matter functional networks were obtained using a clustering analysis on voxel‐by‐voxel correlation profiles. Subsequently, conventional functional connectivity (FC) was calculated in four frequency sub‐bands (Slow‐5:0.01–0.027, Slow‐4:0.027–0.073, Slow‐3:0.073–0.198, and Slow‐2:0.198–0.25 Hz). We also employed a functional covariance connectivity (FCC) to estimate the covariant relationship between two white‐matter networks based on their correlations with multiple gray‐matter regions. Compared with HC, the NMED showed increased FC and/or FCC in rolandic network (RN) and precentral/postcentral network, and decreased FC and/or FCC in dorsal frontal network, while these alterations were not observed in the MED group. Moreover, the changes exhibited frequency‐specific properties. Specifically, only two alterations were shared in at least two frequency bands. Most of these alterations were observed in the frequency bands of Slow‐3 and Slow‐4. This study provided further support on the existence of white‐matter functional networks which exhibited frequency‐specific properties, and extended abnormalities of rolandic area from the perspective of white‐matter dysfunction in BECT.
Multidisciplinary treatment algorithm for the management of sinonasal cancers with orbital invasion: A retrospective study
Authors: Turri‐Zanoni Mario , Lambertoni Alessia , Margherini Stefano , Giovannardi Marta , Ferrari Marco , Rampinelli Vittorio , Schreiber Alberto , Cherubino Mario , Antognoni Paolo , Locatelli Davide , Battaglia Paolo , Castelnuovo Paolo , Nicolai Piero 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundSinonasal cancers frequently involve the orbit with resulting controversies on whether to remove or preserve the orbital contents.MethodsRetrospective review of patients with primary sinonasal cancer involving the orbit, treated according to a multidisciplinary protocol tailored to tumor histology and extent of orbital invasion in two tertiary care referral centers over a 20‐year period.ResultsThe oncological and functional outcomes of 163 patients were analyzed. The degree of orbital involvement significantly affected both overall (P < .0001) and disease‐free (P < .0001) survival. Orbital apex invasion was an independent negative prognostic factor (5‐year overall survival, 14.6% ± 7.5%), with dismal prognosis regardless of the treatment adopted. An appropriate use of induction chemotherapy and endoscopic‐assisted surgery allowed for orbital preservation in 76.6% of cases; 96% of patients treated using an orbit‐sparing approach maintained a functional eye after treatment.ConclusionThe multimodal treatment algorithm herein proposed was able to maximize orbital preservation rates with acceptable oncological and functional outcomes.
Postfreeze viability of erythrocytes from Dryophytes chrysoscelis
Authors: Geiss Loren , do Amaral M. Clara F. , Frisbie James , Goldstein David L. , Krane Carissa M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDryophytes chrysoscelis (formerly
Hyla chrysoscelis, Cope’s gray treefrog) is a freeze‐tolerant anuran that accumulates glycerol and urea during cold acclimation and freezing. It is hypothesized that glycerol and urea function as cryoprotectants by minimizing osmotically induced cell damage during freezing and thawing, thereby improving the postfreeze viability of red blood cells (RBCs) when frozen in medium containing those solutes. To test this, erythrocytes were obtained from warm (22°C) and cold‐acclimated (4°C) frogs and suspended in 280 mOsM phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS). RBCs were frozen in 280 mOsM, isosmotic/isotonic, PBS, or in PBS made hyperosmotic by addition of 150 mM solutes. Postfreeze viability was determined with a hemolysis assay. Postfreeze viability of cells from warm‐acclimated frogs improved from 18.9 ± 1.3% in PBS to 47.4 ± 5.2% in PBS with urea (
p < 0.01). The addition of other solutes (glycerol, glucose, NaCl, or sorbitol) had no effect. RBCs from cold‐acclimated frogs had 45.8 ± 3.4% viability when frozen in 280 mOsM PBS, and this improved to 71.6 ± 8.9% or 71.9 ± 1.6%, respectively, when frozen with glycerol (
p < 0.01) or urea (
p < 0.001). The viability of RBCs from cold‐acclimated frogs was not different between unfrozen cells 86.7–88.4%) and those frozen with glycerol (71.6 ± 8.9%,
p > 0.05) or with urea (71.9 ± 1.6%,
p > 0.05). These data suggest that (a) cold acclimation induces cellular changes in RBCs that result in improved postfreeze viability, and (b) glycerol and urea are part of a complex cryoprotectant system in
D. chrysoscelis.
Cerebral blood flow territory instability in patients with atherosclerotic intracranial stenosis
Authors: Arteaga Daniel F. , Strother Megan K. , Faraco Carlos C. , Davis L. Taylor , Scott Allison O. , Donahue Manus J. 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundStroke risk stratification in patients with symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic arterial disease (ICAD) remains an important clinical objective owing to the high 14–19% recurrent stroke rate in these patients on standard‐of‐care medical management. There thus remains a need for hemodynamic markers that may allow for the selection of personalized therapies for high‐risk symptomatic patients.PurposeTo determine if shifting of cerebral blood flow (CBF) territories in response to changes in cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) may provide a marker for stroke risk in ICAD patients.Study TypeProspective.PopulationTwenty ICAD patients who experienced a stroke within 45 days of study enrollment and 10 healthy controls.Sequence3.0T MRI including anatomical imaging (T1‐weighted, T2‐weighted/FLAIR), 3D MR angiography, and normocapnic and hypercapnic vessel‐encoded CBF‐weighted arterial spin labeling.AssessmentPatients were scanned within 45 days of overt stroke and monitored (duration = 13.2 ± 4.4 months) for the endpoint of non‐cardioembolic stroke or transient ischemic attack. Flow territory shifting (shifting index) was calculated from the first scan by determining whether a voxel shifted from its primary arterial source from normocapnia to hypercapnia.Statistical TestsA Mann–WhitneyU‐test (significance:P< 0.05) was performed to determine whether patients meeting the endpoint had greater shifting indices relative to controls or patients not meeting the endpoint.ResultsShifting indices (mean ± standard error) were significantly higher in patients meeting endpoint criteria relative to controls (P= 0.0057; adjustedP= 0.036) and patients not meeting endpoint criteria (P= 0.0047; adjustedP= 0.036).Data ConclusionFlow territory shifting may provide a marker of recurrent stroke risk in symptomatic ICAD patients on standard‐of‐care medical management therapies.Level of Evidence:1Technical Efficacy:Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:1441–1451.
The value of process friction: The role of justification in reducing medical costs
Authors: Berry Jaeker Jillian A. , Tucker Anita L. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe study the role of process friction in increasing efficiency of service provisions. We examine one potential lever for reducing the provision of discretionary services: “justification”—an otherwise non‐value‐added process step that introduces process friction by forcing workers to explain the rationale for requesting an optional service. We exploit the presence—and absence—of a justification step in the ultrasound (US) ordering process at two emergency departments (EDs). We find that patients with abdominal pain are less than half as likely to receive an US when there is a justification step compared to when there is not. Additionally, we find a spillover effect: other diagnostic tests are also ordered less frequently. The decrease in testing reduces the average length of stay of the patients, and reduces testing costs by more than $200,000, with no decrease in quality. We show that two mechanisms underlie these results: (a) justification reduces clinicians' available time, and (b) justification forces clinicians to reflect on a patient's need for service. Our paper contributes to recent theory on friction and reflection as drivers of efficiency in services. We show that justification can serve as an effective lever for reducing medical tests—and costs—without negatively impacting quality.