bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological innovations in Mangghuer and Shirongolic
Authors: Slater Keith W. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Egophoric systems with binary indexing distinctions have been described for a number of languages of Northwest China’s Amdo Sprachbund. These systems are conceptually extremely similar, though the distinctions have been disparately labeled direct vs. indirect, self person vs. other person, volitional vs. non-volitional, etc. Published descriptions of these systems generally focus on their semantic/pragmatic characteristics, and little has been said about the historical origins of the morphological markings which they employ. In this paper I trace the formal emergence of the binary opposition, which I refer to as a distinction between subjective and objective perspectives, in Mangghuer and other Shirongolic languages. Comparative Mongolic evidence, along with evidence from other Amdo Sprachbund languages, enables me to identify four historical processes in the development of the synchronic Mangghuer system. Three of these processes clearly involved reanalyses of inherited Mongolic verbal morphology, while one involved phonetic material of uncertain provenance. An important observation is that in nearly all of the historical changes described here, including those found in Mangghuer and those that we observe in other languages, the objective category is singled out as the formally more marked member of the subjective vs. objective opposition.
Egophoricity and evidentiality in Guambiano (Nam Trik)
Authors: Norcliffe Elisabeth 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Egophoric verbal marking is a typological feature common to Barbacoan languages, but otherwise unknown in the Andean sphere. The verbal systems of three out of the four living Barbacoan languages, Cha’palaa, Tsafiki and Awa Pit, have previously been shown to express egophoric contrasts. The status of Guambiano has, however, remained uncertain. In this chapter, I show that there are in fact two layers of egophoric or egophoric-like marking visible in Guambiano’s grammar. Guambiano patterns with certain other (non-Barbacoan) languages in having ego-categories which function within a broader evidential system. It is additionally possible to detect what is possibly a more archaic layer of egophoric marking in Guambiano’s verbal system. This marking may be inherited from a common Barbacoan system, thus pointing to a potential genealogical basis for the egophoric patterning common to these languages. The multiple formal expressions of egophoricity apparent both within and across the four languages reveal how egophoric contrasts are susceptible to structural renewal, suggesting a pan-Barbacoan preoccupation with the linguistic encoding of self-knowledge.
Egophoric patterns in Duna verbal morphology
Authors: San Roque Lila 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
In the language Duna (Trans New Guinea), egophoric distributional patterns are a pervasive characteristic of verbal morphology, but do not comprise a single coherent system. Many morphemes, including evidential markers and future time inflections, show strong tendencies to co-occur with ‘informant’ subjects (the speaker in a declarative, the addressee in an interrogative), or alternatively with non-informant subjects. The person sensitivity of the Duna forms is observable in frequency, speaker judgments of sayability, and subject implicatures. Egophoric and non-egophoric distributional patterns are motivated by the individual semantics of the morphemes, their perspective-taking properties, and logical and/or conventionalised expectations of how people experience and talk about events. Distributional tendencies can also be flouted, providing a resource for speakers to convey attitudes towards their own knowledge and experiences, or the knowledge and experiences of others.
Critiquing Jung’s Ethics
Authors: Mills Jon 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTC. G. Jung never offered a formalized system of ethics, but his analytical psychology is teeming with ethical pronouncements. Jung’s ethical theories are introduced and explored in relation to a book written by Dan Merkur centering on the question of morality in human nature, the individuation process, and in psychotherapeutic treatment. Jung struggled to provide a dialectical account of human valuation, yet this is implied in the very process of overcoming oppositions through the negotiation and integration of differences, and in holding balances between internal and external conflicts. The psychologicalization of ethics, particularly the compensatory function of the unconscious, ensures that moral psychology is fraught with ambivalence, uncertainty, and competing dilemmas that are unique to each person, hence no formal or rational system of deontological ethics is possible.
AnoniMME: bringing anonymity to the Matchmaker Exchange platform for rare disease gene discovery
Authors: Oprisanu Bristena , De Cristofaro Emiliano 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Summary
Advances in genome sequencing and genomics research are bringing us closer to a new era of personalized medicine, where healthcare can be tailored to the individual’s genetic makeup and to more effective diagnosis and treatment of rare genetic diseases. Much of this progress depends on collaborations and access to data, thus, a number of initiatives have been introduced to support seamless data sharing. Among these, the Global Alliance for Genomics and Health has developed and operates a platform, called Matchmaker Exchange (MME), which allows researchers to perform queries for rare genetic disease discovery over multiple federated databases. Queries include gene variations which are linked to rare diseases, and the ability to find other researchers that have seen or have interest in those variations is extremely valuable. Nonetheless, in some cases, researchers may be reluctant to use the platform since the queries they make (thus, what they are working on) are revealed to other researchers, and this creates concerns with respect to privacy and competitive advantage.
In this paper, we present AnoniMME, a framework geared to enable anonymous queries within the MME platform. The framework, building on a cryptographic primitive called Reverse Private Information Retrieval, let researchers anonymously query the federated platform, in a multi-server setting—specifically, they write their query, along with a public encryption key, anonymously in a public database. Responses are also supported, so that other researchers can respond to queries by providing their encrypted contact details.

Availability and implementation
https://github.com/bristena-op/AnoniMME
On the Growth of L2-Invariants of Locally Symmetric Spaces, II: Exotic Invariant Random Subgroups in Rank One
Authors: Abert Miklos , Bergeron Nicolas , Biringer Ian , Gelander Tsachik , Nikolov Nikolay , Raimbault Jean , Samet Iddo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn the 1st paper of this series we studied the asymptotic behavior of Betti numbers, twisted torsion, and other spectral invariants for sequences of lattices in Lie groups G. A key element of our work was the study of invariant random subgroups (IRSs) of G. Any sequence of lattices has a subsequence converging to an IRS, and when G has higher rank, the Nevo–Stuck–Zimmer theorem classifies all IRSs of G. Using the classification, one can deduce asymptotic statements about spectral invariants of lattices. When G has real rank one, the space of IRSs is more complicated. We construct here several uncountable families of IRSs in the groups SO(n, 1), n ≥ 2. We give dimension-specific constructions when n = 2, 3, and also describe a general gluing construction that works for every n. Part of the latter construction is inspired by Gromov and Piatetski-Shapiro’s construction of non-arithmetic lattices in SO(n, 1).
Microcatheter “First-Pass Effect” Predicts Acute Intracranial Artery Atherosclerotic Disease-Related Occlusion
Authors: Yi Ting-Yu , Chen Wen-Huo , Wu Yan-Min , Zhang Mei-Fang , Zhan A-lai , Chen Yue-Hong , Wu Zong-Zhong , Shi Yan-Chuan , Chen Bai-Ling 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The differentiation between intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) and intracranial embolism as the immediate cause of acute ischemic stroke requiring endovascular therapy is important but challenging. In cases of ICAS, we often observe a phenomenon we call the microcatheter “first-pass effect,” which is temporary blood flow through the occluded intracranial artery when the angiographic microcatheter is initially advanced through the site of total occlusion and immediately retrieved proximally.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate whether this microcatheter first-pass effect can be used to differentiate ICAS from intracranial embolism.

METHODS
A total of 61 patients with acute ischemic stroke resulting from large intracranial artery occlusion and in whom recanalization was achieved by endovascular treatment were included in the study. The microcatheter first-pass effect was tested in these patients. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values (PPV), and accuracy of the microcatheter first-pass effect for prediction of ICAS were assessed.

RESULTS
The microcatheter first-pass effect was more frequently observed in patients with ICAS than in those with intracranial embolism (90.9% vs 12.8%, P < .001). For identifying ICAS, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and accuracy of the microcatheter first-pass effect were 90.9%, 87.2%, 80.0%, 88.5%, respectively.

CONCLUSION
The sensitivity and PPV of the microcatheter first-pass effect are high for prediction of ICAS in patients with acute symptoms.
Four-Dimensional Flow MRI Analysis of Cerebral Blood Flow Before and After High-Flow Extracranial–Intracranial Bypass Surgery With Internal Carotid Artery Ligation
Authors: Orita Erika , Murai Yasuo , Sekine Tetsuro , Takagi Ryo , Amano Yasuo , Ando Takahiro , Iwata Kotomi , Obara Makoto , Kumita Shinichiro 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The hemodynamic changes that occur after high-flow (extracranial–intracranial) EC-IC bypass surgery with internal carotid artery (ICA) ligation are not well known.

OBJECTIVE
To assess blood flow changes after high-flow EC-IC bypass with ICA ligation by time-resolved 3-dimensional phase-contrast (4D Flow) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

METHODS
We enrolled 11 patients who underwent high-flow EC-IC bypass. 4D Flow MRI was performed before and after surgery to quantify the blood flow volume (BFV) of the ipsilateral ICA (BFViICA), bypass artery (BFVbypass), contralateral ICA (BFVcICA), and basilar artery (BFVBA). Subsequently, we calculated the total BFV (BFVtotal = BFViICA + BFVcICA + BFVBA [before surgery], BFVcICA + BFVBA + BFVbypass [after surgery]). The BFV changes after bypass was statistically analyzed.

RESULTS
BFVbypass was slightly lower than BFViICA, but the difference was not statistically significant (3.84 ± 0.94 vs 4.42 ± 1.38 mL/s). The BFVcICA and BFVBA significantly increased after bypass surgery (BFVcICA 5.89 ± 1.44 vs 7.22 ± 1.37 mL/s [P = .0018], BFVBA 3.06 ± 0.41 vs 4.12 ± 0.38 mL/s [P < .001]). The BFVtotal significantly increased after surgery (13.37 ± 2.58 vs 15.18 ± 1.77 mL/s [P = .015]). There was no evidence of hyperperfusion syndrome in any cases.

CONCLUSION
After high-flow EC-IC bypass with permanent ICA ligation, the bypass artery could partially compensate for the loss of BFV of the sacrificed ICA. The increased flow of the contralateral ICA and BA supply collateral blood flow. Clinically irrelevant hyperperfusion was observed.
Does the Use of Electrotherapies Increase the Effectiveness of Neck Stabilization Exercises for Improving Pain, Disability, Mood, and Quality of Life in Chronic Neck Pain?
Authors: Yesil Hilal , Hepguler Simin , Dundar Umit , Taravati Sahel , Isleten Banu 
Published: April 2018

Study Design.
This study was a prospective, randomized, controlled study.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to determine whether transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) or interferential current (IFC) increase the effectiveness of neck stabilization exercises (NSEs) on pain, disability, mood and quality of life for chronic neck pain (CNP).

Summary of Background Data.
Neck pain is one of the three most frequently reported complaints of the musculoskeletal system. Electrotherapies, such as IFC and TENS, have been applied solo or combined with exercise for management of neck pain; however, the efficacy of these combinations is unclear.

Methods.
A total of 81 patients with CNP were included in this study. Patients were randomly assigned into three groups regarding age and gender. First group had NSE, second group had TENS and NSE, and third group had IFC and NSE. Pain levels [visual analogue scale (VAS)], limits of cervical range of motion (ROM), quality of life (short form-36), mood (Beck depression inventory), levels of disability (Neck Pain and Disability Index), and the need for analgesics of all patients were evaluated before treatment, at 6th and 12th week follow-up. Physical therapy modalities were applied for 15 sessions in all groups. All participants had group exercise accompanied by a physiotherapist for 3 weeks and an additional 3 weeks of home exercise program.

Results.
According to the intragroup assessment, the study achieved its purpose of pain reduction, ROM increase, improvement of disability, quality of life, mood and reduction in drug use in all three treatment groups (P < 0.05). However, clinical outcomes at 6th and 12 th week had no significant difference among the three groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion.
TENS and IFC therapies are effective in the treatment of CNP patients. However, they have no additional benefit or superiority over NSE.

Level of Evidence: 2
Minimum Clinically Important Difference in SF-36 Scores for Use in Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy
Authors: Badhiwala Jetan H. , Witiw Christopher D. , Nassiri Farshad , Akbar Muhammad A. , Jaja Blessing , Wilson Jefferson R. , Fehlings Michael G. 
Published: April 2018

Study Design.
Post-hoc analysis of 606 patients enrolled in the AOSpine CSM-NA or CSM-I prospective, multicenter cohort studies.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to determine the minimum clinically important difference (MCID) in SF-36v2 Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS) scores in patients undergoing surgery for degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM).

Summary of Background Data.
There has been a shift toward focus on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in spine surgery. However, the numerical scores of PROs lack immediate clinical meaning. The MCID adds a dimension of interpretability to PRO scales; by defining the smallest change, a patient would consider meaningful.

Methods.
The MCID of the SF-36v2 PCS and MCS were determined by distribution- and anchor-based methods comparing preoperative to 12-month scores. Distribution-based approaches included calculation of the half standard deviation and standard error of measurement (SEM). Change in Neck Disability Index (NDI) served as the anchor: “worse” (ΔNDI>7.5); “unchanged” (7.5≥ΔNDI>−7.5); “slightly improved” (−7.5≥ΔNDI>−15); and “markedly improved” (ΔNDI ≤−15). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to determine the change score for the MCID with even sensitivity and specificity to distinguish patients who were “slightly improved” versus “unchanged” on the NDI.

Results.
The MCID for the SF-36v2 PCS and MCS were 4.6 and 6.8 by half standard deviation and 2.9 and 4.3 by SEM, respectively. By ROC analysis, the MCID was 3.9 for the SF-36v2 PCS score and 3.2 for the SF-36v2 MCS score. Using a cutoff of 4 points, the SF-36v2 PCS had a sensitivity of 72.2% and specificity of 68.1%, and MCS 61.9% and 64.6%, respectively, in separating patients who were “markedly improved” or “slightly improved” from those who were “unchanged” or “worse.”

Conclusion.
We found the MCID of the SF-36v2 PCS and MCS to be 4 points. This will facilitate use of the SF-36v2 as an outcome in future studies of DCM.

Level of Evidence: 3
Therapeutic strategies involving uterine stem cells in reproductive medicine
Authors: Simoni Michael , Taylor Hugh S. 
Published: April 2018

Purpose of review
The current review provides an update on recent advances in stem cell biology relevant to female reproduction.

Recent findings
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that often serve as a reservoir of cells to regenerate tissue in settings or injury or cell loss. The endometrium has progenitor stem cells that can replace all of the endometrium during each menstrual cycle. In addition, multipotent endometrial cells replace these progenitor cells when depleted. Recruitment of stem cells from outside of the uterus occurs in setting of increased demand such as ischemia or injury. Bone marrow-derived multipotent stem cells are recruited to the uterus by estrogen or injury-induced expression of the chemokine CXCL12. In the setting of overwhelming injury, especially in the setting of low estrogen levels, there may be insufficient stem cell recruitment to adequately repair the uterus resulting in conditions such as Asherman syndrome or other endometrial defects. In contrast, excessive recruitment of stem cells underlies endometriosis. Enhanced understanding of stem-cell mobilization, recruitment, and engraftment has created the possibility of improved therapy for endometrial defects and endometriosis through enhanced manipulation of stem-cell trafficking. Further, the normal endometrium is a rich source of multipotent stem cells that can be used for numerous applications in regenerative medicine beyond reproduction.

Summary
A better understanding of reproductive stem-cell biology may allow improved treatment of endometrial disease such as Asherman syndrome and other endometrial receptivity defects. Inhibiting stem-cell mobilization may also be helpful in endometriosis therapy. Finally, endometrial derived multipotent stem cells may play a crucial role in cell therapy for regenerative medicine.
Primary Repair of a Complex Panfacial Fracture by Dog Bite
Authors: Heitz Cláiton , Louzada Guilherme Pivatto , Conci Ricardo Augusto , Rodrigues Renato Luiz , Fritscher Guilherme Genehr 
Published: April 2018

Summary:
Facial fractures due to dog attacks have an unknown incidence rate. To date, only 41 cases of canine bite trauma in a pediatric patient, associated with facial fracture, have been reported in the literature. As major species of involving dogs are the American pitbull terrier and rottweiler. Due to the intense kinematics of this trauma, the treatment becomes complex. Thus, attention to the primary repair of such complex lesions ensures satisfactory results, which is the focus of this discussion. The purpose of this review was to analyze how different ways to approach this type of trauma in children for clarification or correct management. In addition, we address the treatment plan of a complex case of panfacial fracture by a canine bite in a 4-year-old patient. According to a review addressed, the main involved are orbit, nasal, and zygomatic. Antibiotic therapy is indicated for infected bite wounds and wounded considerations at risk of infection, with high complexity and when involving important structures such as bones, vessels, and joints. The state of tetanus immunization and the risk of rabies infection should be routinely addressed in the management of the bite wound.
Needle-based Optical Coherence Tomography to Guide Transbronchial Lymph Node Biopsy
Authors: Shostak Eugene , Hariri Lida P. , Cheng George Z. , Adams David C. , Suter Melissa J. 
Published: April 2018

Background:
Transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA), often used to sample lymph nodes for lung cancer staging, is subject to sampling error even when performed with endobronchial ultrasound. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a high-resolution imaging modality that rapidly generates helical cross-sectional images. We aim to determine if needle-based OCT can provide microstructural information in lymph nodes that may be used to guide TBNA, and improve sampling error.

Methods:
We performed ex vivo needle-based OCT on thoracic lymph nodes from patients with and without known lung cancer. OCT imaging features were compared against matched histology.

Results:
OCT imaging was performed in 26 thoracic lymph nodes, including 6 lymph nodes containing metastatic carcinoma. OCT visualized lymphoid follicles, adipose tissue, pigment-laden histiocytes, and blood vessels. OCT features of metastatic carcinoma were distinct from benign lymph nodes, with microarchitectural features that reflected the morphology of the carcinoma subtype. OCT was also able to distinguish lymph node from adjacent airway wall.

Conclusions:
Our results demonstrate that OCT provides critical microstructural information that may be useful to guide TBNA lymph node sampling, as a complement to endobronchial ultrasound. In vivo studies are needed to further evaluate the clinical utility of OCT in thoracic lymph node assessment.
Anorectal complications in patients with haematological malignancies
Authors: Loureiro Rafaela V. , Borges Verónica P. , Tomé Ana L. , Bernardes Carlos F. , Silva Mário J. , Bettencourt Maria J. 
Published: April 2018

Background
Anorectal complications are common in patients with haematological malignancies.

Objectives
The objectives are to characterize anorectal complications in these patients, identify risk factors and shed light on treatment, morbidity and mortality rates.

Patients and methods
A retrospective, observational study that included 83 inpatients with haematological malignancies and proctological symptoms from January 2010 to September 2015 was conducted. Clinical outcomes were obtained through a detailed review of medical records.

Results
The median age was 56 years, and 52 (62.7%) patients were men. Fifty-six (67.5%) patients had nonseptic anorectal complications and 27 (32.5%) patients had septic anorectal complications.

Risks factors
Patients with septic anorectal complications were more commonly male, older, and had lower absolute neutrophil counts, but the differences were not statistically significant (P=0.79, 0.67 and 0.89, respectively). In positive blood cultures [23/70 (32.9%)], Enterococcus faecium, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Escherichia coli were the most common isolated agents.

Treatment
In nonseptic anorectal complications, conservative treatments/minor proctological procedures were adopted, and patients with septic anorectal complications were treated with antibiotics±major proctological procedures and/or surgical drainage/debridement.

Results of treatment
Forty-eight (85.7%) patients in the nonseptic complications group improved compared with 23 (85.2%) patients in the septic complications group. The overall mortality rate was 2.4% (n=2), with one (1.2%) death related to perianal sepsis.

Conclusion

Enterococcus spp. were more commonly identified in this study and can be increasing in this specific population. In contrast to other reports, we did not identify an association between septic anorectal complications and possible risk factors such as male sex, younger age or a low absolute neutrophil count. Most patients had nonseptic anorectal complications. A major proctological procedure/surgical debridement should always be applied in septic complications, which have better prognoses now than in the past.