bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Appropriate utilisation of cardiac telemetry monitoring: a quality improvement project
Authors: Stoltzfus Ky B , Bhakta Maharshi , Shankweiler Caylin , Mount Rebecca R , Gibson Cheryl 
Published: April 2019

For hospitals located in the United States, appropriate use of cardiac telemetry monitoring can be achieved resulting in cost savings to healthcare systems. Our institution has a limited number of telemetry beds, increasing the need for appropriate use of telemetry monitoring to minimise delays in patient care, reduce alarm fatigue, and decrease interruptions in patient care.This quality improvement project was conducted in a single academic medical centre in Kansas City, Kansas. The aim of the project was to reduce inappropriate cardiac telemetry monitoring on intermediate care units. Using the 2004 American Heart Association guidelines to guide appropriate telemetry utilisation, this project team sought to investigate the effects of two distinct interventions to reduce inappropriate telemetry monitoring, huddle intervention and mandatory order entry. Telemetry utilisation was followed prospectively for 2 years.During our initial intervention, we achieved a sharp decline in the number of patients on telemetry monitoring. However, over time the efficacy of the huddle intervention subsided, resulting in a need for a more sustained approach. By requiring physicians to input indication for telemetry monitoring, the second intervention increased adherence to practice guidelines and sustained reductions in inappropriate telemetry use.
Low Rates of Patient-Reported Physician–Patient Discussion about Lung Cancer Screening among Current Smokers: Data from Health Information National Trends Survey
Authors: Huo Jinhai , Hong Young-Rock , Bian Jiang , Guo Yi , Wilkie Diana J. , Mainous Arch G. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background:
Many professional societies published guidelines recommending lung cancer screening with low-dose CT scan. We examined the temporal trends in patient-reported physician–patient discussions about lung cancer screening, and aimed to determine the association of discussions of lung cancer screening with the smokers’ attempt to quit and intent to quit.

Methods:
Data from years 2012, 2014, and 2017 of the National Cancer Institute's Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) were combined to create a multiple-year analytic dataset. We calculated the association between samples’ characteristics and the presence of discussion about lung cancer screening. Using logistic regression, we estimated the probability of smokers’ attempt to quit and intent to quit.

Results:
Among 9,443 subjects, the crude estimated rates of physician–patient discussion decreased from 6.7% in 2012, to 4.2% in 2014 and 4.3% in 2017. Across the age and smoking status groups, the current smokers ages 55 to 74 in 2012 (26.8%), and current smokers older than 74 years in 2014 (23.5%) and 2017 (22.1%) had the highest rates of discussion. The physician–patient discussion about lung cancer screening was not associated with patients’ intent to quit or attempt to quit in a multivariable analysis.
Conclusions: Efforts are needed to improve the physician–patient discussion about lung cancer screening among individuals across a spectrum of lung cancer risk.

Impact:
Developing communication strategies for promoting beneficial lung cancer screening among lung cancer screening-eligible smokers and strategies for improving the quality of discussion on lung cancer screening integrating smoking cessation are needed to reduce the burden of lung cancer.
Rethinking “State Shinto” in the Past and the Present
Authors: Okuyama Michiaki 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis article reflects on the meaning of recent arguments concerning “State Shinto” in the contemporary Japanese right-wing and conservative social context. Shimazono Susumu’s recent analyses of State Shinto in postwar Japan have stimulated discussion of the subject. His understanding that State Shinto has survived from the prewar years is based on his analysis of both Imperial House Shinto, which was not affected by the Shinto Directive issued in 1945, and the postwar political activism of the Association of Shinto Shrines and its political arm, the Shinto Association for Spiritual Leadership. The political campaigns of these Shinto groups can be situated in a larger context of the rise of neonationalism in contemporary Japanese society. Given the relationship of Japanese politicians to the Yasukuni Shrine and Ise Jingū (Ise Shrine), and the current interest among the public in the rituals of the emperor and the imperial family, a reconsideration of the concept of State Shinto seems warranted. A critical rethinking of State Shinto may be regarded as a warning against attempts by conservative religio-political movements to revive prewar State Shinto.
Scutellonema bradys and Pratylenchus spp. associated with weeds in yam fields
Authors: De Almeida Alison V.D.L. , Muniz Maria de Fatima S. , Noronha Marissônia De A. , De Souza Renan C. , Filho Gilson M. , De Farias Sara P. 
Published: April 2019

Summary
Dry root disease of yam (Dioscorea spp.), caused by Scutellonema bradys, Pratylenchus coffeae and P. brachyurus, is prominent among the plant disease problems of yam in Brazil. In order to evaluate the association of these nematode species with weeds, field sampling was performed during 2016 and 2017 in yam-growing areas with a history of the disease within the major counties in the state of Alagoas, Brazil. The frequency of occurrence of both weeds and nematodes was determined, in addition to the estimated population of nematodes in roots. Forty-three weed species were found, of which 23 were infected with at least one of the causal agents of the dry rot disease, Pratylenchus spp. being the most prevalent in the fields. Ageratum conyzoides, Commelina benghalensis and Emilia coccinea (in Zona da Mata) and C. benghalensis (Agreste region) were especially important due to their high frequency of occurrence and also for supporting populations of S. bradys and Pratylenchus spp. Cyperus flavus, E. coccinea and Spermacoce verticillata are now recorded as new weed species associated with S. bradys.
Contractualism and Radical Pluralism
Authors: Southwood Nicholas 
Published: April 2019

How should contractualists seek to accommodate and respond to the existence of radical pluralism within contemporary liberal states? Ryan Muldoon has recently argued that a) the dominant Kantian liberal model of contractualism is hopelessly ill equipped to do so but that b) there is a particular kind of Hobbesian contractualism that can do much better. I raise some problems concerning the capacity of Muldoonian contractualism to respond appropriately to the problem of radical pluralism. I then propose a very different kind of solution that involves embracing an advice model of contractualism.
Praiseworthiness, Virtue, Guidance, and Luck
Authors: Jennings Justin 
Published: April 2019

Among the central claims forwarded in Arpaly and Schroeder’s In Praise of Desire are the following: (1) A person acts praiseworthily who performs a right or good action out of an intention caused by the joint rationalizing property of her beliefs and her desire to perform that action under the aspect that makes it right or good. (2) Virtues consist of desires for right or good things under the aspects that make them right or good or of mental states that manifest such desires. Being virtuous means possessing an array of these desires. This paper reviews Arpaly and Schroeder’s arguments at length and suggests that, though the person so motivated may be somewhat praiseworthy, acting out of motivations structured in this way cannot by itself suffice for praiseworthiness without qualification.
Culture, Cultural Diversity and Humanity-centred Diplomacies
Authors: Zaharna R.S. 
Published: April 2019

Summary
In contemporary public diplomacy, the idea of culture and nation-state are so intertwined that notions such as ‘national culture’ that fuel populism or culture as a soft-power resource often go unquestioned. This article critically revisits assumptions of state-centric diplomacy that tie culture to the state. Culture as a domain of the state, which helped carve up the world in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, has become limiting in a twenty-first-century milieu that is both culturally diverse and interconnected. The article probes the communication dynamics that are untethering culture from the state and giving prominence to forces of increased separation as well as global collaboration, including the phenomenon of humanity-centred diplomacies. Humanity-centred diplomacies’ distinguishing features — global consciousness, holistic perspective, cultural diversity and process-orientation — suggest advantages over state-centric diplomacy for leveraging cultural diversity and tackling complex global problems.
Introduction: Ascribing Meaning to the Semantic Field “Sacred” in Academic Research and Current Journalism
Authors: Zeiler Xenia , Stander-Dulisch Judith 
Published: April 2019

The term “sacred” has a long history, but this introduction demonstrates that the concept of a contrast between the sacred or holy and the profane or trivial arose only at the beginning of the 20th century. A shared characteristic of definitions of the sacred or holy is that they are something special which is separated from the profane or trivial world. In the research discourse, sacred is not just a critical but also a controversial term.In our two case studies, we set out to analyze how meaning is ascribed to the semantic field “sacred”. Building on Laclau’s concept of empty signifiers (Laclau 1996) and the understanding that sacred and related terms of the lexical/semantic field are not stable but have ever-changing meanings, we explore how the semantic field is filled in academic and contemporary journalistic contexts.
Indigenous perspectives on health: Integration with a Canadian model of practice
Authors: Fijal Dominique , Beagan Brenda L. 
Published: April 2019

Background.The Canadian Association of Occupational Therapists and the Truth and Reconciliation Commission recommend change within the Canadian health care system, respecting and valuing Indigenous health and healing practices. Adjusting the lens through which occupational therapists practice to incorporate Indigenous views of health and wellness is one potential change.Purpose.This critical interpretive synthesis of the literature incorporates Indigenous perspectives on health and wellness into the Canadian Model of Occupational Performance and Engagement (CMOP-E) framework, strengthening that model to better serve all peoples in Canada.Key Issues.Integrating Indigenous worldviews can add to the CMOP-E the importance of balance among physical, emotional, spiritual, and mental health; the inseparability of person, community, and land; and understanding occupations as dimensions of meaning. These are incorporated in a proposed integrated model (ICMOP-E).Implications.Effectively integrating Indigenous perspectives may be an important first step in a longer journey toward engaging more respectfully with Indigenous perspectives on health and wellness.
Digit ratio and hair color relationships with coronary atherosclerotic markers
Authors: Nafakhi Hussein , Al-Mosawi Abdulameer A , Mudhafar Mundher M , Al-Nafakh Hasan A , Alsaady Rana 
Published: April 2019

Objective We aimed to investigate the association between body phenotype markers and coronary atherosclerosis markers. Methods Eighty-nine patients (mean age 57 ± 9 years, 50.5% male) who were assessed for coronary artery disease by 64-slice multidetector computed tomography angiography were enrolled in the study. Results A significant positive association was observed between coronary artery calcification and the second to fourth digit ratio ( r = 0.2, p = 0.00); more notably in males compared to females ( p = 0.03 vs. p = 0.08). There was a significant association between coronary artery calcification and pure white hair ( p = 0.00). There was no significant association between pericardial fat volume and second to fourth digit ratio ( p = 0.8). Pericardial fat volume was significantly associated with pure white hair ( p = 0.02). A significant association was observed between coronary plaque and a higher second to fourth digit ratio ( p = 0.01) and this was more notable in males ( p = 0.04). A significant association was observed between pure white hair and coronary plaque ( p = 0.00). After adjustment for conventional cardiac risk factors, the association of coronary artery calcification and coronary plaque with the second to fourth digit ratio did not persist, whereas the association of pericardial fat volume and coronary artery calcification with pure white hair remained significant ( p = 0.01 and p = 0.00, respectively). Conclusion These results suggest a possible predictive value of hair color, rather than digit ratio, in assessing increased risk of coronary atherosclerosis and cardiac fat deposition.
Breaking the News: Parents’ Experiences of Receiving an Antenatal Diagnosis of Cleft Lip
Authors: Stock Nicola Marie , Costa Bruna , Williams Jennifer R. , Martindale Anna ,   The VTCT Foundation Research Team at the Centre for Appearance Research
Published: April 2019

Objective: In high-income countries, many cases of cleft lip are now identified at the 18- to 21-week pregnancy scan. The manner in which a diagnosis is communicated is vital for long-term parental well-being, yet previous studies have been indicative of parental dissatisfaction. The aims of the present study were to examine the experiences of parents who received an antenatal diagnosis of cleft lip in their unborn child and to offer pragmatic suggestions for improving the diagnostic experience in practice. Design: An online, mixed-methods survey was designed and distributed by the Cleft Lip and Palate Association. Data from 574 eligible parents were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inductive content analysis. Results: Although survey responses indicated positive diagnostic experiences overall, respondents perceived a lack of sensitivity among sonographers, long waiting times between referrals, and a lack of appropriate and reliable information. Respondents also reported a number of misconceptions about cleft lip and/or palate and its prognosis, as well as a variety of initial concerns about their own ability to cope with the anticipated challenges. Conclusion: Findings emphasize the importance of providing accurate and individualized information to prospective parents, in a sensitive manner, so they can adjust to their child’s diagnosis and prepare for the birth appropriately. Given that antenatal screening for cleft lip is becoming more fully integrated into routine practice, more training for health-care professionals, improved access to reliable information in a variety of formats, and stronger links between local hospitals and specialist cleft services may be needed.
Nutritional assessment in the cat: Practical recommendations for better medical care
Authors: Rollins Angela Witzel , Murphy Maryanne 
Published: April 2019

Practical relevance: Pet owners want dietary recommendations from their veterinarian. Providing a brief nutritional assessment for every cat at every visit will result in better medical care and build trust with clients. Clinical challenges: Examination time is limited, and it can be challenging to ensure appointments are efficient, yet thorough. A range of practical assessment tools is available that can assist with this process. Patient group: Every cat can benefit from a screening nutritional evaluation as the fifth vital assessment (after temperature, pulse, respiration and pain assessment). Identifying patients with nutritional risk factors or nutrition-responsive diseases should prompt a more in-depth review of dietary needs. Audience: This article is aimed at all veterinary health professionals and is accompanied by videos demonstrating the body condition scoring process for a series of cats ranging from ideal body weight through to obese. Evidence base: Information in the review is drawn from the current scientific literature, as well as the clinical experience of the authors.
Subretinal pseudocyst: A novel optical coherence tomography finding in age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Sacconi Riccardo , Mullins Robert F , Lutty Gerard A , Borrelli Enrico , Bandello Francesco , Querques Giuseppe 
Published: April 2019

Purpose: To report the presence of a new structural optical coherence tomography finding, namely, subretinal pseudocysts, in a patient affected by age-related macular degeneration. Methods: Case report including multimodal imaging discussion. Case Report: We report a case of a 77-year-old woman affected by age-related macular degeneration from 7 years. Best corrected visual acuity was counting fingers and 20/40 in the right and left eye, respectively. The left eye was affected by type 1 macular neovascularization treated by 34 intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (22 ranibizumab and 12 aflibercept injections). Interestingly, structural optical coherence tomography showed the persistence of a subretinal cystoid space (i.e. ‘subretinal pseudocyst’) after the last anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment, even in absence of other signs of exudation. Conclusions: Subretinal pseudocysts are a new structural optical coherence tomography entity. We reported for the first time the evidence that pseudocysts may develop in the subretinal space in a case of age-related macular degeneration.
Intensive care for organ preservation: A four-stage pathway
Authors: Gardiner Dale , Shaw David M , Kilcullen Jack K , Dalle Ave Anne L 
Published: April 2019

Objective Intensive care for organ preservation (ICOP) is defined as the initiation or pursuit of intensive care not to save the patient's life, but to protect and optimize organs for transplantation. Analysis When a patient has devastating brain injury that might progress to organ donation this can be conceptualized as evolving through four consecutive stages: (1) instability, (2) stability, (3) futility and (4) finality. ICOP might be applied at any of these stages, raising different ethical issues. Only in the stage of finality is the switch from neurointensive care to ICOP ethically justified. Conclusion The difference between the stages is that during instability, stability and futility the focus must be neurointensive care which seeks the patient's recovery or an accurate neurological prognostication, while finality focuses on withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy and commencement of comfort care, which may include ICOP for deceased donation.
The Fourth Industrial Revolution and Its Implications for Regional Economic Integration in ASEAN
Authors: Menon Jayant , Fink Anna 
Published: April 2019

This article explores the impact of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) on the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). It argues that technologies of the 4IR can bring huge benefits such as empowerment for small- and medium-sized enterprises and opportunities for countries to leapfrog traditional pathways of development. It will also bring tremendous challenges such as deep disruption to labour markets and the potential of rising inequality. To address the challenges and seize the opportunities of the 4IR, ASEAN will need a new way of formulating policy and regulation that will require: (a) evolution of the ASEAN Secretariat to become a ‘platform organisation’, (b) greater delegation of key activities to affiliated functional bodies, (c) a shift from long-term blueprints to three-year rolling plans, (d) democratise and decentralise and (e) establish multi-country test beds. JEL Codes: F14, F15
Reducing tuberculosis transmission: a consensus document from the World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe
Authors: Migliori Giovanni Battista , Nardell Edward , Yedilbayev Askar , D'Ambrosio Lia , Centis Rosella , Tadolini Marina , van den Boom Martin , Ehsani Soudeh , Sotgiu Giovanni , Dara Masoud 
Published: April 2019

Evidence-based guidance is needed on 1) how tuberculosis (TB) infectiousness evolves in response to effective treatment and 2) how the TB infection risk can be minimised to help countries to implement community-based, outpatient-based care.This document aims to 1) review the available evidence on how quickly TB infectiousness responds to effective treatment (and which factors can lower or boost infectiousness), 2) review policy options on the infectiousness of TB patients relevant to the World Health Organization European Region, 3) define limitations of the available evidence and 4) provide recommendations for further research.The consensus document aims to target all professionals dealing with TB (e.g. TB specialists, pulmonologists, infectious disease specialists, primary healthcare professionals, and other clinical and public health professionals), as well as health staff working in settings where TB infection is prevalent.
Targeting TMEM16A to reverse vasoconstriction and remodelling in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Papp Rita , Nagaraj Chandran , Zabini Diana , Nagy Bence M. , Lengyel Miklós , Skofic Maurer Davor , Sharma Neha , Egemnazarov Bakytbek , Kovacs Gabor , Kwapiszewska Grazyna , Marsh Leigh M. , Hrzenjak Andelko , Höfler Gerald , Didiasova Miroslava , Wygrecka Malgorzata , Sievers Laura K. , Szucs Peter , Enyedi Péter , Ghanim Bahil , Klepetko Walter , Olschewski Horst , Olschewski Andrea 
Published: April 2019

Our systematic analysis of anion channels and transporters in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) showed marked upregulation of the Cl−channel TMEM16A gene. We hypothesised that TMEM16A overexpression might represent a novel vicious circle in the molecular pathways causing pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).We investigated healthy donor lungs (n=40) and recipient lungs with IPAH (n=38) for the expression of anion channel and transporter genes in small pulmonary arteries and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs).In IPAH, TMEM16A was strongly upregulated and patch-clamp recordings confirmed an increased Cl−current in PASMCs (n=9–10). These cells were depolarised and could be repolarised by TMEM16A inhibitors or knock-down experiments (n=6–10). Inhibition/knock-down of TMEM16A reduced the proliferation of IPAH-PASMCs (n=6). Conversely, overexpression of TMEM16A in healthy donor PASMCs produced an IPAH-like phenotype. Chronic application of benzbromarone in two independent animal models significantly decreased right ventricular pressure and reversed remodelling of established pulmonary hypertension.Our findings suggest that increased TMEM16A expression and activity comprise an important pathologic mechanism underlying the vasoconstriction and remodelling of pulmonary arteries in PAH. Inhibition of TMEM16A represents a novel therapeutic approach to reverse remodelling in PAH.