bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Colorectal cancer screening program using FIT: quality of colonoscopy varies according to hospital type
Authors: Portillo Isabel , Idigoras Isabel , Bilbao Isabel , Arana-Arri Eunate , Fernández-Landa María José , Hurtado Jose Luis , Sarasaqueta Cristina , Bujanda Luis ,   for the EUSKOLON study investigators
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background and study aims To compare the quality of colonoscopy in a population-based coordinated program of colorectal cancer screening according to type of hospital (academic or non-academic).
Patients and methods Consecutive patients undergoing colonoscopy after positive FIT (≥ 20 ug Hb/g feces) between January 2009 and September 2016 were prospectively included at five academic and seven non-academic public hospitals. Screening colonoscopy quality indicators considered were adenoma detection rate, cecal intubation rate, complications and bowel preparation quality.
Results A total of 48,759 patients underwent colonoscopy, 34,616 (80 %) in academic hospitals and 14,143 in non-academic hospitals. Among these cases, 19,942 (37.1 %) advanced adenomas and 2,607 (5.3 %) colorectal cancers (CRCs) were detected, representing a total of 22,549 (46.2 %) cases of advanced neoplasia. The adenoma detection rate was 64 %, 63.1 % in academic hospitals and 66.4 % in non-academic hospitals (P < 0.001). Rates of advanced adenoma detection, cecal intubation and adequate colonic preparation were 45.8 %, 96.2 % and 88.3 %, respectively, and in all cases were lower (implying worse quality care) in academic hospitals (45.3 % vs 48.7 %; odds ratio [OR] 0.87, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.84 – 0.91; 95.9 % vs 97 %; OR 0.48, 95 % CI 0.38 – 0.69; and 86.4 % vs 93 %; OR 0.48, 95 % CI 0.45 – 0.5; respectively; P < 0.001 in all cases). In 13 patients, all in the academic hospital group, CRC was diagnosed after colonoscopy (0.26 cases × 1000 colonoscopies). Rates of CRC treated by endoscopy were similar in both types of hospital (30 %). The rate of severe complication was 1.2 % (602 patients), with no significant differences by hospital type: bleeding occurred in 1/147 colonoscopies and perforation in 1/329. One patient died within 30 days after screening colonoscopy.
Conclusions The quality of colonoscopy was better in non-academic hospitals. The rate of detection of advanced neoplasia was higher in non-academic hospitals and correlated with the rate of post-colonoscopy CRC.
Peroral cholangioscopy by SpyGlass DS versus CHF-B260 for evaluation of the lateral spread of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Kanno Yoshihide , Koshita Shinsuke , Ogawa Takahisa , Masu Kaori , Kusunose Hiroaki , Sakai Toshitaka , Murabayashi Toji , Haegawa Sho , Kozakai Fumisato , Yonamine Keisuke , Kawakami Yujiro , Fujii Yuki , Horaguchi Jun , Noda Yutaka , Ito Kei 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background and study aims A newly developed peroral cholangioscopy (POCS) system, SpyGlassDS has high maneuverability. This study aimed to evaluate acceptability of the accuracy of SpyGlassDS accompanied by simultaneous POCS-guided biopsy compared with that of a traditional POCS scope, CHF-B260, to diagnose the lateral extent of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (LEC).
Patients and methods Patients who underwent surgical resection after preoperative examinations to diagnose LEC were evaluated. POCS by CHF-B260 was performed if there was discrepancy between preceding fluoroscopy-guided biopsy findings and other examinations between January 2004 and September 2015 (group A, n = 56); and POCS plus POCS-guided mapping biopsy by SpyGlassDS was performed in all surgical candidates between October 2015 and December 2017 (group B, n = 20). The main outcome measure was the accuracy of overall preoperative diagnosis (OPD) of LEC defined based on all examinations, including POCS.
Results Accuracy of OPD for the liver side and the ampullary side was 93 % and 100 %, respectively, in group A, and 84 % and 100 %, respectively, in group B (P = 0.37 for the liver side; P, not available for the ampullary side). Diagnostic accuracy of simple optical evaluation by POCS for the liver side and the ampullary side was 83 % and 100 %, respectively, in group A, and 58 % and 88 %, respectively, in group B (P = 0.29 for the liver side; P = 0.40 for the ampullary side).
Conclusions POCS by SpyGlassDS was found to be acceptable and could be a standard approach for diagnosis of LEC.
Long-term outcomes of metachronous neoplasms in the ileal pouch and rectum after surgical treatment in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis
Authors: Tajika Masahiro , Tanaka Tsutomu , Ishihara Makoto , Hirayama Yutaka , Oonishi Sachiyo , Mizuno Nobumasa , Kuwahara Takamichi , Okuno Nozomi , Matsumoto Shinpei , Ooshiro Taihei , Kinoshita Takashi , Komori Koji , Bhatia Vikram , Hara Kazuo , Yatabe Yasushi , Niwa Yasumasa 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background and study aims Restorative proctocolectomy has become the most common surgical option for patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). However, adenomas and even carcinomas may develop in the ileal pouch over time. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term incidence and nature of ileal pouch or distal ileal adenomas and carcinomas in patients with FAP.
Patients and methods This was a retrospective study of 47 FAP patients with Kock’s continent ileostomy (Kock) (n = 8), ileorectal anastomosis (IRA) (n = 13), and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) (n = 26). Patients were followed with a standardized protocol including chromoendoscopy and biopsies of visible polyps in the ileal pouch, distal ileum, and rectum every 6 to 12 months.
Results Median follow-up was 21.0 years. Overall risk of adenoma development was significantly higher in IRA patients, with incidence rates of 85 % and 100 % at 5 and 10 years’ follow-up, respectively, compared to pouch patients (Kock + IPAA) (P < 0.001). However, there was also a high frequency of adenomas in the ileal pouch mucosa, with rates of 12 %, 33 %, and 68 %, at 5, 10, and 20 years of follow-up, respectively. Maximum size of ileal pouch adenomas was significantly related to time since surgery (P = 0.0214). Six cases of advanced adenomas including two cases of adenocarcinomas developed in the ileal pouch mucosa.
Conclusions There is a significant incidence of adenoma(s) in the ileal pouch of FAP patients on long-term follow-up. Regular endoscopic surveillance is recommended, not only in IRA patients, but also in pouch patients after proctocolectomy.
Biomechanics of Upper Extremity Double Plating
Authors: Michel Philipp A. , Katthagen J. Christoph , Heilmann Lukas F. , Dyrna Felix , Schliemann Benedikt , Raschke Michael J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDouble plating (DP) is an established treatment modality in traumatology. For certain indications, such as open reduction and internal fixation of bicondylar tibial plateau fractures and distal humeral fractures, DP is standard of care in the clinical routine. However, the principles of DP can be transferred to other anatomic regions and indications. In the past years, DP has been brought more and more into focus. For revision cases, such as the treatment of fracture non-unions, DP seems generally useful. In anatomical locations with high torsional stress and bending forces, but also in regions with traction forces by muscles and tendons DP provides multiplanar stability and therefore seems to have biomechanical advantages. Usually two smaller implants can replace one larger implant. Thus, the number of points of fixation can be increased, the stability can be improved and soft-tissue irritations by bulky implants can be minimized. Along with the established indication and application at the distal humerus, there is biomechanical evidence in the current literature for DP of clavicle fractures and humeral shaft fractures. Furthermore, DP provides mechanical advantages in the treatment of certain proximal humeral fractures and olecranon fractures. This review of the literature summarizes the published literature on biomechanics of upper extremity DP.
Rechtliche Grenzen des (Online-) Marketings für Ärzte
Authors: Petersilie Frank 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungDas Online-Marketing von Ärztinnen und Ärzten muss sich an denselben werberechtlichen Regelungen wie konventionelles Marketing messen lassen. Hier sind v. a. die ärztliche Berufsordnung, das Heilmittelwerbegesetz und das Gesetz gegen unlauteren Wettbewerb relevant. Im Bereich des Online-Marketing kommen insbesondere noch daten- und persönlichkeitsrechtliche Aspekte hinzu. Trotz zunehmender Liberalisierungstendenzen gibt es nach wie vor nicht unerhebliche werberechtliche Grenzen, die in diesem Beitrag skizziert werden. Die relativ hohe Zahl der zitierten aktuellen Gerichtsurteile zeigt zudem, dass es zu allen Regelungen noch klärungsbedürftige Fragen gibt, die auch durch die oftmals sehr einzelfallbezogenen Urteile nicht immer abschließend beantwortet worden sind. Gleichwohl kann man festhalten, dass die rechtlichen Grenzen ärztlichen Marketings nie weiter waren als jetzt.
Head and Neck Reconstruction: Does Surgical Specialty Affect Complication Rates?
Authors: Drinane James J. , Drinane John , Nair Lakshmi , Patel Ashit 
Published: May 2019

Background Reconstruction of head and neck defects resulting from resection of head and neck masses is performed by both plastic surgeons and otolaryngologists. The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement (NSQIP) database allows one to directly compare the outcomes for a given procedure based upon specialty. The purpose of this study is to compare outcomes and resource utilization of microvascular head and neck reconstruction between plastic surgery and otolaryngology.
Methods Institutional review board approval was obtained and NSQIP was queried from 2005 to 2015 with inclusion of Current Procedural Terminology codes for free tissue transfer performed for head and neck reconstruction. Outcomes were compared between cases having otolaryngology and plastic surgery as performing the free flap reconstruction.
Results During 2005 to 2015, a total of 2,322 flaps were performed, 893 by plastic surgery and 1,429 by otolaryngology. Average length of stay (LOS) was 13.7 and 11.4 days for plastic surgery and otolaryngology, respectively. It was found that plastic surgery performed more osteocutaneous flaps than otolaryngology. Higher rates of superficial surgical site infection, deep surgical site infections, wound dehiscence, myocardial infarction, bleeding complications, sepsis, unplanned return to the operating room, and unplanned readmission were observed for patients treated by otolaryngology (p < 0.05).
Conclusion This study shows plastic surgery patients have superior outcomes with regards to free tissue transfers of the head and neck when compared with otolaryngology patients. Although plastic surgery patients experienced a longer LOS, the significantly lower complication rate supports an overall more optimal resource utilization. Future studies may elucidate potential cost savings in patients treated by plastic surgery.
Subacute-Onset Afferent Ataxia in Childhood: A Case Report
Authors: Cecchin Vanessa , Pellegrin Serena , Parmeggiani Lucio , Pescollderungg Lydia , Mercolini Federico 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAcute or subacute ataxia in young children is rare and, in most cases, the diagnosis of the underlying etiology can be challenging. An extensive number of possible causes must be considered when approaching a child with ataxia. We report the case of a 21-month-old girl with subacute-onset rapidly progressive ataxia, occurring few days after a gastrointestinal infection, without clear reduction of muscle strength in the limbs or other neurological signs. The development of a mild hyporeflexia of the lower limbs, thereafter, led to the suspicion of a Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) that was confirmed by appropriate investigations. This case confirms that a subacute afferent ataxia can be the main clinical symptom of GBS in young children, in whom this disease is rare and the diagnosis more challenging. Attention must be paid to the presence of other neurological signs that can lead to the diagnosis.
Democracy matters: a psychological perspective on the beneficial impact of democratic punishment systems in social dilemmas
Authors: Kesberg Rebekka , Pfattheicher Stefan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe implementation of punishment has proven a prominent solution to prevent the breakdown of cooperation in social dilemma situations. In fact, numerous studies show that punishment possibilities are effective in maintaining cooperative behavior. However, punishment is often not efficient in terms (a) of monetary benefits and in light of the fact (b) that punishment of cooperators (i.e., antisocial punishment) can occur. Still, recent research revealed that individuals vote for the implementation of such punishment systems. We address this contradiction by proposing that the benefits of democratic punishment systems in particular cannot be solely captured by monetary outcomes. Instead, the implementation of democratic punishment systems may enhance the psychological benefits of justice perceptions, satisfaction, and trust. Using iterated public goods games, the findings of the present study reveal not only higher cooperation levels and total payoffs in two different democratic punishment systems compared to other systems, but also higher justice perception, satisfaction, and trust. Furthermore, participants indicated the highest willingness to continue interactions in democratic punishment systems. Moreover, satisfaction, not monetary outcomes, was the best predictor of participants’ willingness to stay in a system. Therefore, we argue that the efficiency of democratic punishment systems cannot be measured solely in monetary outcomes but that psychological benefits must be considered.
The twenty-first century experimenting society: the four waves of the evidence revolution
Authors: White Howard 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a personal perspective–drawing especially on the author’s experience in international development—of the evidence revolution, which has unfolded in fours waves over the last 30 years: (1) the results agenda as part of New Public Management in the 1990s, (2) the rise of impact evaluations, notably randomized controlled trials (RCTs) since the early 2000s, (3) increased production of systematic reviews over the last ten years, and (4) moves to institutionalize the use of evidence through the emergence of knowledge brokering agencies, most notably the What Works movement in the United States and the United Kingdom. A fifth wave may come from the potential from AI, machine learning and Big Data. Each successive wave has built on the last, and together they comprise the supply side of the evidence architecture. To support the use of evidence demand side activities such as Evidence Needs Assessments and Use of Evidence Awards are proposed.
Pulsed laser module based on a high-power semiconductor laser for the spectral range 1500 – 1600 nm
Authors: Bobretsova Yu.K. , Veselov D.A. , Voronkova N.V. , Slipchenko S.O. , Strelets V.A. , Bogdanovich M.V. , Shpak P.V. , Ladugin M.A. , Marmalyuk A.A. , Pikhtin N.A. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
A laser source for bleaching passive Q-switches of erbium-ytterbium lasers is developed and studied. The developed and studied compact pulsed module (peak power exceeding 10 W in a pulse with a duration of 1 μs at a wavelength around 1550 nm) is made on the basis of a semiconductor lasers with an ultra-narrow waveguide integrated with a pulsed pump card. To optimise the output laser characteristics, a series resistance was used in the laser pump circuit. The powers of the free-space and fibre-coupled modules at a temperature of 25 °C are 15 and 12 W, respectively, at a pulse shape close to rectangular.
Adaptable microfluidic system for single-cell pathogen classification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Authors: Li Hui , Torab Peter , Mach Kathleen E. , Surrette Christine , England Matthew R. , Craft David W. , Thomas Neal J. , Liao Joseph C. , Puleo Chris , Wong Pak Kin 
Published: May 2019

Significance
Drug-resistant pathogens are one of the major global health risks. However, conventional antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) approaches, which typically rely on overnight culture to isolate bacteria, require 3–5 days. Despite rapid pathogen identification techniques having been developed, the ability to rapidly determine bacteria susceptibility represents an unmet need in clinical microbiology. Existing rapid AST techniques are often designed based on a small panel of bacteria and the system neither provides information about the bacterial species nor distinguishes polymicrobial samples. By incorporating an adaptable microfluidic design, we demonstrate a phenotypic AST system that rapidly determines the existence of bacteria, classifies major classes of bacteria, detects polymicrobial samples, and identifies antimicrobial susceptibility directly from clinical samples at the single-cell level.
Evidence for Fe-Si-O liquid immiscibility at deep Earth pressures
Authors: Arveson Sarah M. , Deng Jie , Karki Bijaya B. , Lee Kanani K. M. 
Published: May 2019

SignificanceEarth’s outer core is composed of a liquid iron alloy with up to 10% of unknown light elements, likely silicon, oxygen, sulfur, carbon, or hydrogen. The release of these light elements upon freezing of the solid iron inner core plays an important role in sustaining Earth’s magnetic field, but the exact chemical makeup of the core is widely debated. In this paper, we perform high-pressure, high-temperature melting experiments and first-principles simulations on iron alloys containing silicon and oxygen and find that two distinct liquids form at high pressures. The presence of immiscible liquids may explain a seismically observed stratified layer atop the outer core and suggests that an Fe-Si-O composition can explain multiple observations of the outer core.
Analyzing the features of material nonlinearity evaluation in a rectangular aluminum beam using Rayleigh waves: theoretical and experimental study
Authors: Masurkar Faeez , Tse Peter 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This study proposes a new parameter to evaluate the material nonlinearity in a thick Aluminum (Al) beam having rectangular cross section using Rayleigh waves. This parameter yields a true value of material nonlinearity using the amplitudes of Rayleigh wave harmonics, in contrast to the relative value yielded by the conventional nonlinearity parameter β′. The Rayleigh wave harmonics are generated in a thick Al 1100 specimen through experiments to estimate its inherent material nonlinearity. This inherent nonlinearity is embedded in the material via lattice elasticity and reckoned using the higher order elastic coefficients. With this experimental investigation, it is found that the accurate evaluation of material nonlinearity is highly dependent on the tone burst cycles in the excitation signal. It is also found that there is a small amount of contribution to the material nonlinearity parameter from the imaginary part of the shear wave component. Furthermore, the relationship between material nonlinearity evaluated using the proposed parameter, excitation frequency, propagation distance, and tone burst cycles in the excitation signal have been unveiled. After knowing these relationships, the material nonlinearity evaluated using the proposed parameter is compared with that obtained from a physics-based nonlinearity parameter containing higher order elastic coefficients. The deviation between the results is minimal. Thus, with the use of amplitudes of harmonics of the Rayleigh wave generated through the experiments, the proposed parameter can evaluate the true material nonlinearity of thick Al beams with fair accuracy.
Longevity, climate sensitivity, and conservation status of wetland trees at Black River, North Carolina
Authors: Stahle D W , Edmondson J R , Howard I M , Robbins C R , Griffin R D , Carl A , Hall C B , Stahle D K , Torbenson M C A 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Bald cypress trees over 2,000-years old have been discovered in the forested wetlands along Black River using dendrochronology and radiocarbon dating. The oldest bald cypress yet documented is at least 2,624-years old, making Taxodium distichum the oldest-known wetland tree species, the oldest living trees in eastern North America, and the fifth oldest known non-clonal tree species on earth. The annual ring-width chronology developed from the ancient Black River bald cypress trees is positively correlated with growing season precipitation totals over the southeastern United States and with atmospheric circulation over the Northern Hemisphere, providing the longest exactly-dated climate proxy yet developed in eastern North America. The Nature Conservancy owns 6,400 ha in their Black River Preserve and the North Carolina legislature is considering establishment of a Black River State Park, but ancient forested wetlands are found along most of this 106 km stream and remain threatened by logging, water pollution, and sea level rise.
Cost-effectiveness of Hepatitis C Virus Treatment Models for People Who Inject Drugs in Opioid Agonist Treatment Programs
Authors: Gutkind Sarah , Schackman Bruce R , Morgan Jake R , Leff Jared A , Agyemang Linda , Murphy Sean M , Akiyama Matthew J , Norton Brianna L , Litwin Alain H , Linas Benjamin P 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundMany people who inject drugs in the United States have chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV). On-site treatment in opiate agonist treatment (OAT) programs addresses HCV treatment barriers, but few evidence-based models exist.MethodsWe evaluated the cost-effectiveness of HCV treatment models for OAT patients using data from a randomized trial conducted in Bronx, New York. We used a decision analytic model to compare self-administered individual treatment (SIT), group treatment (GT), directly observed therapy (DOT), and no intervention for a simulated cohort with the same demographic characteristics of trial participants. We projected long-term outcomes using an established model of HCV disease progression and treatment (hepatitis C cost-effectiveness model: HEP-CE). Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) are reported in 2016 US$/quality-adjusted life years (QALY), discounted 3% annually, from the healthcare sector and societal perspectives.ResultsFor those assigned to SIT, we projected 89% would ever achieve a sustained viral response (SVR), with 7.21 QALYs and a $245 500 lifetime cost, compared to 22% achieving SVR, with 5.49 QALYs and a $161 300 lifetime cost, with no intervention. GT was more efficient than SIT, resulting in 0.33 additional QALYs and a $14 100 lower lifetime cost per person, with an ICER of $34 300/QALY, compared to no intervention. DOT was slightly more effective and costly than GT, with an ICER &gt; $100 000/QALY, compared to GT. In probabilistic sensitivity analyses, GT and DOT were preferred in 91% of simulations at a threshold of &lt;$100 000/QALY; conclusions were similar from the societal perspective.ConclusionsAll models were associated with high rates of achieving SVR, compared to standard care. GT and DOT treatment models should be considered as cost-effective alternatives to SIT.
Hepatitis C Virus RNA Levels Following Virologic Failure With Direct-acting Antivirals: Implications for Lower Sensitivity Diagnostic Assays
Authors: Harrington Patrick R , Komatsu Takashi E , Sun Hengrui , Naeger Lisa K 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We analyzed post-treatment hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA levels from 330 subjects who experienced virologic failure in clinical trials of direct-acting antivirals. We demonstrated that 97% had post-treatment Week 12 HCV RNA &gt;10 000 IU/mL, above reported sensitivity limits of novel diagnostic assays being considered for simplified HCV treatment monitoring.