bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐Efficiency, Solution‐Processed White Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes with Serially Stacked Red/Green/Blue Units
Authors: Cao Fan , Zhao Dewei , Shen Piaoyang , Wu Jialong , Wang Haoran , Wu Qianqian , Wang Feijiu , Yang Xuyong 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDespite the fast advances in monochrome quantum dots (QDs) based light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs), the performance for white QLEDs (WQLEDs) with great potential for illumination and backlight applications to date has fallen short of that of state‐of‐the‐art white organic LEDs. Here, a highly efficient all‐solution‐processed WQLED with a serially stacked red/green/blue tandem structure, which displays an almost perfect white emission with the Commission Internationale de l'Enclairage coordinates of (0.34, 0.33) is reported. The white device exhibits peak current efficiency of 79.9 cd A−1 and external quantum efficiency of 28.0%, which are the highest efficiency values ever reported in WQLEDs. The record performance for the WQLEDs is achieved by the effective interconnecting layer with excellent charge generation and the insertion of a polyethylenimine ethoxylated interlayer between the ZnO electron transport layer and QDs emissive layer in each unit for better balancing charge injection and suppressing the quenching of QDs emission due to the contact with ZnO.
Boosting the Activity of Ligand‐on Atomically Precise Pd3Cl Cluster Catalyst by Metal‐Support Interaction from Kinetic and Thermodynamic Aspects
Authors: Yun Yapei , Sheng Hongting , Yu Jie , Bao Linquan , Du Yuanxin , Xu Fengqing , Yu Haizhu , Li Peng , Zhu Manzhou 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAtomically precise nanoclusters (APNCs), as ideal model catalysts, revealed great advantages to deep‐understand of reaction mechanisms in heterogeneous catalysis. Boosting the activity of APNCs is the most critical issue under the premise of maintaining structure invariance. Herein, utilizing Metal‐Support Interaction (MSI) strategy, we prepared an excellent and recyclable catalyst for aerobic oxidation by combination of an otherwise inert nanocluster [Pd3Cl(PPh2)2(PPh3)3]+[SbF6]− (denoted as Pd3Cl) with functional titanate nanotubes (TNT). The promising Pd3Cl/TNT composite gives rise to excellent conversion with 100% selectivity without any additives at 30 °C under an oxygen pressure. This result is unprecedented in ligand‐on nanocluster catalysts without high temperature calcination. The distinct difference between their activities of Pd3Cl/TNT composite and fresh Pd3Cl nanocluster is explained by the presence of the MSI effect, as confirmed using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. Theoretical simulations are further carried out to elucidate the catalytic mechanism, indicating the MSI effect promotes the crucial β‐H elimination step in both kinetic and thermodynamic aspects. This work presents the example of atomic‐level understanding of the effect of MSI on facilitating the APNCs catalytic properties.magnified image
Blending Electronics with the Human Body: A Pathway toward a Cybernetic Future
Authors: Mehrali Mehdi , Bagherifard Sara , Akbari Mohsen , Thakur Ashish , Mirani Bahram , Mehrali Mohammad , Hasany Masoud , Orive Gorka , Das Paramita , Emneus Jenny , Andresen Thomas L. , Dolatshahi‐Pirouz Alireza 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAt the crossroads of chemistry, electronics, mechanical engineering, polymer science, biology, tissue engineering, computer science, and materials science, electrical devices are currently being engineered that blend directly within organs and tissues. These sophisticated devices are mediators, recorders, and stimulators of electricity with the capacity to monitor important electrophysiological events, replace disabled body parts, or even stimulate tissues to overcome their current limitations. They are therefore capable of leading humanity forward into the age of cyborgs, a time in which human biology can be hacked at will to yield beings with abilities beyond their natural capabilities. The resulting advances have been made possible by the emergence of conformal and soft electronic materials that can readily integrate with the curvilinear, dynamic, delicate, and flexible human body. This article discusses the recent rapid pace of development in the field of cybernetics with special emphasis on the important role that flexible and electrically active materials have played therein.
An Intravascular Magnetic Catheter Enables the Retrieval of Nanoagents from the Bloodstream
Authors: Iacovacci Veronica , Ricotti Leonardo , Sinibaldi Edoardo , Signore Giovanni , Vistoli Fabio , Menciassi Arianna 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe clinical adoption of nanoscale agents for targeted therapy is still hampered by the quest for a balance between therapy efficacy and side effects on healthy tissues, due to nanoparticle biodistribution and undesired drug accumulation issues. Here, an intravascular catheter able to efficiently retrieve from the bloodstream magnetic nanocarriers not contributing to therapy, thus minimizing their uncontrollable dispersion and consequently attenuating possible side effects, is proposed. The device consists of a miniature module, based on 27 permanent magnets arranged in two coaxial series, integrated into a clinically used 12 French catheter. This device can capture ≈94% and 78% of the unused agents when using as carriers 500 and 250 nm nominal diameter superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, respectively. This approach paves the way to the exploitation of new “high‐risk/high‐gain” drug formulations and supports the development of novel therapeutic strategies based on magnetic hyperthermia or magnetic microrobots.
Light‐Controllable Digital Coding Metasurfaces
Authors: Zhang Xin Ge , Tang Wen Xuan , Jiang Wei Xiang , Bai Guo Dong , Tang Jian , Bai Lin , Qiu Cheng‐Wei , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSince the advent of digital coding metamaterials, a new paradigm is unfolded to sample, compute and program electromagnetic waves in real time with one physical configuration. However, one inconvenient truth is that actively tunable building blocks such as diodes, varactors, and biased lines must be individually controlled by a computer‐assisted field programmable gate array and physically connected by electrical wires to the power suppliers. This issue becomes more formidable when more elements are needed for more advanced and multitasked metadevices and metasystems. Here, a remote‐mode metasurface is proposed and realized that is addressed and tuned by illuminating light. By tuning the intensity of light‐emitting diode light, a digital coding metasurface composed of such light‐addressable elements enables dynamically reconfigurable radiation beams in a control‐circuitry‐free way. Experimental demonstration is validated at microwave frequencies. The proposed dynamical remote‐tuning metasurface paves a way for constructing unprecedented digital metasurfaces in a noncontact remote fashion.
Lewis‐Adduct Mediated Grain‐Boundary Functionalization for Efficient Ideal‐Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells with Superior Stability
Authors: Zong Yingxia , Zhou Zhongmin , Chen Min , Padture Nitin P. , Zhou Yuanyuan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractState‐of‐the‐art perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have bandgaps that are invariably larger than 1.45 eV, which limits their theoretically attainable power conversion efficiency. The emergent mixed‐(Pb, Sn) perovskites with bandgaps of 1.2–1.3 eV are ideal for single‐junction solar cells according to the Shockley–Queisser limit, and they have the potential to deliver higher efficiency. Nevertheless, the high chemical activity of Sn(II) in these perovskites makes it extremely challenging to control their physical properties and chemical stability, thereby leading to PSCs with relatively low PCE and stability. In this work, the authors employ the Lewis‐adduct SnF2·3FACl additive in the solution‐processing of ideal‐bandgap halide perovskites (IBHPs), and prepare uniform large‐grain perovskite thin films containing continuously functionalized grain boundaries with the stable SnF2 phase. Such Sn(II)‐rich grain‐boundary networks significantly enhance the physical properties and chemical stability of the IBHP thin films. Based on this approach, PSCs with an ideal bandgap of 1.3 eV are fabricated with a promising efficiency of 15.8%, as well as enhanced stability. The concept of Lewis‐adduct‐mediated grain‐boundary functionalization in IBHPs presented here points to a new chemical route for approaching the Shockley–Queisser limit in future stable PSCs.
A Supramolecular Crosslinker To Give Salt‐Resistant Polyion Complex Micelles and Improved MRI Contrast Agents
Authors: Wang Jiahua , Wang Junyou , Ding Peng , Zhou Wenjuan , Li Yuehua , Drechsler Markus , Guo Xuhong , Cohen Stuart Martien A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThree‐component mixtures (diblock copolymer/metal ion/oligoligand) can assemble into micellar particles owing to a combination of supramolecular polymerization and electrostatic complex formation. Such particles cover a large range of compositions, but the electrostatic forces keeping them together make them rather susceptible to disintegration by added salt. Now it is shown how the salt stability can be tuned continuously by employing both a bis‐ligand and a tris‐ligand, and varying the ratio of these in the mixture. For magnetic ions such as MnII and FeIII, the choice of the multiligand also affects the ion/water interaction and, hence, the magnetic relaxivity. As an example, MnII‐based nanoparticles with a very high longitudinal relaxivity (10.8 mm−1 s−1) were investigated that are not only biocompatible but also feature strong contrast enhancement in target organs (liver, kidney), as shown by T1‐weighted in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Global Aromaticity in Macrocyclic Cyclopenta‐Fused Tetraphenanthrenylene Tetraradicaloid and Its Charged Species
Authors: Lu Xuefeng , Gopalakrishna Tullimilli Y. , Phan Hoa , Herng Tun Seng , Jiang Qing , Liu Chunchen , Li Guangwu , Ding Jun , Wu Jishan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA stable cyclopenta‐fused tetraphenanthrenylene macrocycle, CPTP‐M, was synthesized, and the structure was confirmed by X‐ray crystallographic analysis. It exhibits a large radical character (number of unpaired electron, NU=3.52) and a small singlet–triplet energy gap (ΔES‐T=−2.8 kcal mol−1 by SQUID). Its backbone contains 60 ([4n]) conjugated π electrons and is globally antiaromatic. NMR measurements and theoretical calculations revealed that its dication/dianion is globally aromatic owing to the existence of [4n−2]/[4n+2] π‐conjugated electrons. Remarkably, the ring‐current map of the tetraanion shows a unique ring‐in‐ring structure, with a diamagnetic outer ring and a paramagnetic inner ring. Accordingly, both the inner‐rim and outer‐rim protons are deshielded in its 1H NMR spectrum. The tetraanion can be regarded as an isoelectronic structure of the known octulene, which shows similar electronic properties.
All‐Inorganic CsPb1−xGexI2Br Perovskite with Enhanced Phase Stability and Photovoltaic Performance
Authors: Yang Fu , Hirotani Daisuke , Kapil Gaurav , Kamarudin Muhammad Akmal , Ng Chi Huey , Zhang Yaohong , Shen Qing , Hayase Shuzi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCompared with organic‐inorganic perovskites, all‐inorganic cesium‐based perovskites without volatile organic compounds have gained extensive interests because of the high thermal stability. However, they have a problem on phase transition from cubic phase (active for photo‐electric conversion) to orthorhombic phase (inactive for photo‐electric conversion) at room temperature, which has hindered further progress. Herein, novel inorganic CsPb1−xGexI2Br perovskites were prepared in humid ambient atmosphere without a glovebox. The phase stability of the all‐inorganic perovskite was effectively enhanced after germanium addition. In addition, the highest power conversion efficiency of 10.8 % with high open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.27 V in a planar solar cell based on CsPb0.8Ge0.2I2Br perovskite was achieved. Furthermore, the highest VOC up to 1.34 V was obtained by CsPb0.7Ge0.3I2Br perovskite, which is a remarkable record in the field of all‐inorganic perovskite solar cells. More importantly, all the photovoltaic parameters of CsPb0.8Ge0.2I2Br perovskite solar cells showed nearly no decay after 7 h measurement in 50–60 % relative humidity without encapsulation.
Synthesis of Fucosylated Chondroitin Sulfate Nonasaccharide as a Novel Anticoagulant Targeting Intrinsic Factor Xase Complex
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Liu Huiying , Lin Lisha , Yao Wang , Zhao Jinhua , Wu Mingyi , Li Zhongjun 
Published: August 2018

AbstractFucosylated chondroitin sulfate (FuCS) is a structurally distinct glycosaminoglycan, and its oligosaccharides exhibit excellent anticoagulant activity with lower risks of adverse effects and bleeding. Herein we report a facile approach to the synthesis of FuCS hexa‐ and nonasaccharides on the basis of the enzymatic degradation of chondroitin over 12 linear steps. As compared with a clinical low‐molecular‐weight heparin drug (enoxaparin), the nonasaccharide synthesized in this study displayed similar APTT activity and selective intrinsic factor Xase complex inhibitory activity ((12.9±0.83) nm) by binding to factor IXa with high affinity, thus offering promise for the development of new anticoagulant agents targeting the intrinsic coagulation pathway.
Metallaphotoredox Difluoromethylation of Aryl Bromides
Authors: Bacauanu Vlad , Cardinal Sébastien , Yamauchi Motoshi , Kondo Masaru , Fernández David F. , Remy Richard , MacMillan David W. C. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHerein, we report a convenient and broadly applicable strategy for the difluoromethylation of aryl bromides by metallaphotoredox catalysis. Bromodifluoromethane, a simple and commercially available alkyl halide, is harnessed as an effective source of difluoromethyl radical by silyl‐radical‐mediated halogen abstraction. The merger of this fluoroalkyl electrophile activation pathway with a dual nickel/photoredox catalytic platform enables the difluoromethylation of a diverse array of aryl and heteroaryl bromides under mild conditions. The utility of this procedure is showcased in the late‐stage functionalization of several drug analogues.
Reductions in child mortality by preventing spina bifida and anencephaly: Implications in achieving Target 3.2 of the Sustainable Development Goals in developing countries
Authors: Kancherla Vijaya , Redpath Ben , Oakley Godfrey P. 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundThere is an opportunity to reduce child mortality by preventing folic acid‐preventable spina bifida and anencephaly (FAP SBA) in developing countries. We estimated reductions in FAP SBA‐associated child mortality in 69 countries with an immediate potential for mandatory fortification of wheat flour.MethodsUsing data from multiple sources, we estimated the percent reductions in neonatal, infant, and under‐five mortality that would have occurred by preventing FAP SBA; and the contributions of these reductions toward each country's Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) for child mortality reduction. We used the combined prevalence of spina bifida and anencephaly in selected countries before fortification, and estimated preventable child mortality associated with FAP SBA, assuming 0.5 per 1,000 live births as minimum achievable prevalence from mandatory fortification.ResultsAnnually, 56,785 live births with FAP SBA occurred in the 69 countries examined. Of these, about 49,680 (87%) would have resulted in deaths under age 5 years, and are preventable through mandatory folic acid fortification. On average, compared to current rates, prevention of FAP SBA would have reduced the neonatal, infant, and under‐five mortality by 19% (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 16–24%), 15% (UI: 13–17%), and 14%, (95% UI: 13–17%), respectively. Prevention of FAP SBA seemed to contribute toward achieving SDG on neonatal and under‐five mortality in developing countries.ConclusionsPrevention of FAP SBA will lead to notable and immediate reductions in child mortality. Many countries have an opportunity to effectively move toward child mortality‐related SDG targets with existing milling infrastructure for food fortification.
Predicting risk of rupture and rupture-preventing reinterventions following endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair
Authors: Grootes I , Barrett J K , Ulug P , Rohlffs F , Laukontaus S J , Tulamo R , Venermo M , Greenhalgh R M , Sweeting M J 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Background
Clinical and imaging surveillance practices following endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) for intact abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) vary considerably and compliance with recommended lifelong surveillance is poor. The aim of this study was to develop a dynamic prognostic model to enable stratification of patients at risk of future secondary aortic rupture or the need for intervention to prevent rupture (rupture-preventing reintervention) to enable the development of personalized surveillance intervals.

Methods
Baseline data and repeat measurements of postoperative aneurysm sac diameter from the EVAR-1 and EVAR-2 trials were used to develop the model, with external validation in a cohort from a single-centre vascular database. Longitudinal mixed-effects models were fitted to trajectories of sac diameter, and model-predicted sac diameter and rate of growth were used in prognostic Cox proportional hazards models.

Results
Some 785 patients from the EVAR trials were included, of whom 155 (19·7 per cent) experienced at least one rupture or required a rupture-preventing reintervention during follow-up. An increased risk was associated with preoperative AAA size, rate of sac growth and the number of previously detected complications. A prognostic model using predicted sac growth alone had good discrimination at 2 years (C-index 0·68), 3 years (C-index 0·72) and 5 years (C-index 0·75) after operation and had excellent external validation (C-index 0·76–0·79). More than 5 years after operation, growth rates above 1 mm/year had a sensitivity of over 80 per cent and specificity over 50 per cent in identifying events occurring within 2 years.

Conclusion
Secondary sac growth is an important predictor of rupture or rupture-preventing reintervention to enable the development of personalized surveillance intervals. A dynamic prognostic model has the potential to tailor surveillance by identifying a large proportion of patients who may require less intensive follow-up.
The General Explanation Method with NMR Spectroscopy Enables the Identification of Metabolite Profiles Specific for Normal and Tumor Cell Lines
Authors: Pečnik Klemen , Todorović Vesna , Bošnjak Maša , Čemažar Maja , Kononenko Igor , Serša Gregor , Plavec Janez 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMachine learning models in metabolomics, despite their great prediction accuracy, are still not widely adopted owing to the lack of an efficient explanation for their predictions. In this study, we propose the use of the general explanation method to explain the predictions of a machine learning model to gain detailed insight into metabolic differences between biological systems. The method was tested on a dataset of 1H NMR spectra acquired on normal lung and mesothelial cell lines and their tumor counterparts. Initially, the random forests and artificial neural network models were applied to the dataset, and excellent prediction accuracy was achieved. The predictions of the models were explained with the general explanation method, which enabled identification of discriminating metabolic concentration differences between individual cell lines and enabled the construction of their specific metabolic concentration profiles. This intuitive and robust method holds great promise for in‐depth understanding of the mechanisms that underline phenotypes as well as for biomarker discovery in complex diseases.
Fluorescence Spectroscopic Insight into the Supramolecular Interactions in DNA‐Based Enantioselective Sulfoxidation
Authors: Cheng Yu , Cheng Mingpan , Hao Jingya , Jia Guoqing , Li Can 
Published: August 2018

AbstractInteractions of copper(II)–bipyridine cofactors and thioanisole substrate with human telomeric G‐quadruplex DNA were studied by UV/Vis absorption, circular dichroism, and fluorescence quenching titration. Three copper(II)–bipyridine complexes are equivalently anchored to the G‐quadruplex scaffold at all five fluorescently labeled sites. Thioanisole interacts with the DNA architecture at both the second loop and 3′ terminus in the absence or presence of copper(II)–bipyridine complexes. These nonspecificities in the weak interactions of CuII complexes and thioanisole with G‐quadruplex might explain why DNA only affords a modest enantioselectivity in the oxidation of thioanisole. These findings provide insights toward the construction of highly enantioselective DNA‐based catalysts.
Revascularization in “no option” patients with refractory angina: Frequency, etiology and outcomes
Authors: Sharma Rahul , Tradewell Michael , Kohl Louis P. , Garberich Ross F , Traverse Jay H. , Poulose Anil , Brilakis Emmanouil S , Arndt Theresa , Henry Timothy D 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundA significant proportion of patients with complex, advanced coronary artery disease have refractory angina (RA) despite maximal pharmacological therapy and are deemed suboptimal candidates for revascularization. These patients are frequently termed “no‐option” patients. However, despite this designation, many subsequently undergo coronary revascularization. We sought to determine the incidence, etiology and outcome of revascularization in “no‐option” patients.Methods and ResultsWe examined a comprehensive, prospective RA database to identify 342 of 1363 (25.1%) patients who subsequently underwent revascularization after a median interval of 2.2 years from the “no‐option” diagnosis. Coronary revascularization was achieved by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (n = 274, 20.1%), coronary bypass graft surgery (n = 44, 3.2%) or both (n = 24, 1.8%). During a median follow‐up of 5.1 years, patients who underwent revascularization had lower annual mortality (2% vs. 4.4%, P < .001). Detailed paired angiographic records were available for 181 PCI patients with a combined 302 lesions. Of these interventions, 48% were for a new lesion, 31% for an existing lesion and 21% for restenosis. The location was a native vessel in 77% and a bypass graft in 23%.ConclusionsThe “no‐option” or non‐revascularizable designation is frequently based on angiography at a single time‐point. However, coronary artery disease is a progressive and dynamic process and new lesions often develop in such patients. Given the association between revascularization and better survival, careful consideration should be given to repeat revascularization in patients with refractory angina previously classified as “no‐option”.
Clinical case report on treatment of Listeria monocytogenes meningoencephalitis: Intrathecal injection
Authors: Pan Xu‐Biao , Wang Zhi‐Xin , Ma Ming‐He , Wang Hong‐Bin , Gan Gui‐Fen , Fan Hai‐Ning 
Published: August 2018

Key Clinical MessageThis article mainly reports the process of clinical diagnosis and treatment of a misdiagnosed Listeria monocytogenes meningoencephalitis. The patient's condition is aggravated because of the ineffective prophase therapy. In the later stage, we were mainly through combined antibiotics and given proper routes of administration, so that patient can recover quickly.