bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Yield and N Utilization of Transplanted and Direct‐Seeded Rice with Controlled or Slow‐Release Fertilizer
Authors: Hou Pengfu , Xue Lixiang , Zhou Yuling , Li Ganghua , Yang Linzhang , Xue Lihong 
Published: March 2019

Core Ideas
CSRF application (RBBbasal, RBBBP, SCUBP) increased the NUE in both seedling‐transplanted and direct‐seeded fields.
Yield increase of resin‐blending controlled‐release fertilizer was better than that of sulfur‐coated fertilizer under the two planting modes.
“Base‐panicle” fertilization with RBB and urea was suitable for the seedling‐transplanted mode.
A single basal application of RBB was suitable for direct‐seeded mode for achieving the high yield.
ABSTRACTTo understand the response of rice yield and N utilization to controlled or slow‐release fertilizers (CSRFs) under direct‐seeded or seedling‐transplanted modes of rice production, a field experiment with rice variety Wuyunjing 23 was performed in 2013 and 2014. Five treatments, including two CSRFs: sulfur‐coated urea (SCU) and resin‐blending controlled‐release fertilizer (RBB), two fertilization modes: single basal application and a split “base‐panicle” (BP) application, and conventional split fertilization (CONV) as a control, were conducted. The results showed that there was no improvement of yield for SCU application compared with CONV in the seedling‐transplanted and direct‐seeded modes in both years. The yield increasing effect of RBB was better than that of SCU under the two planting modes. The interaction effect between the planting mode and fertilizer treatment on the yield was significant. The yield of RBBBP treatment was the highest in seedling‐transplanted fields, reaching 12.04 t ha−1 in 2013 and 13.44 t ha−1 in 2014. By contrast, the yield of RBBbasal treatment was the highest in direct‐seeded rice, although the difference among the treatments was not significant. The CSRF application (RBBbasal, RBBBP, SCUBP) increased the NUE in both the seedling‐transplanted and direct‐seeded fields. Except for the NUE of RBBbasal, which was the highest for direct‐seeded rice in 2013, the RBBBP treatment showed the highest NUE in seedling‐transplanted and direct‐seeded rice in both years. The results indicated that RBB increased the yield and NUE in both seedling‐transplanted and direct‐seeded modes, and the combined panicle urea and RBB was better in seedling‐transplanted fields, while a single basal application with RBB was better in direct‐seeded rice.
Evaluation of Commercial Additives Used with Granular Urea for Nitrogen Conservation
Authors: Goos R. Jay , Guertal Elizabeth 
Published: March 2019

Core Ideas
Urease and nitrification inhibitors can reduce N loss from granular urea.
Agrotain Ultra functioned as a urease inhibitor, Nutrisphere‐N, and NZone did not.
Agrotain Ultra reduced ammonia volatilization, Nutrisphere‐N, and NZone had little effect.
SuperU and Instinct inhibited nitrification, Nutrisphere‐N, and NZone did not.
ABSTRACTUrea is subject to loss by ammonia volatilization, and, after nitrification, by leaching and denitrification. This study evaluated commercial products marketed as fertilizer additives for granular urea for the purpose of reducing N loss. In a urea hydrolysis study, urea granules were applied to three soils, and hydrolysis measured for 10 d. The urea granules were untreated, or treated with Nutrisphere‐N (Verdesian Life Sciences, Cary, NC), NZone (AgXplore, Parma, MO), or Agrotain Ultra (Koch Agronomic Services, Wichita, KS). Agrotain Ultra was effective in slowing urea hydrolysis, but amending the granules with Nutrisphere‐N and NZone did not slow urea hydrolysis. In a ammonia volatilization study, the treatments were the same, two soils were used, and volatilization was measured over 14 d. Agrotain Ultra was effective in reducing ammonia loss compared to untreated urea granules, but amending the granules with Nutrisphere‐N and NZone had little effect. In a nitrification study, three soils were treated with urea granules, SuperU granules (Koch Agronomic Services, Wichita, KS), or urea granules treated with Nutrisphere‐N, NZone, or Instinct (Dow Agrosciences, Indianapolis, IN). The progress of nitrification was measured after 2 and 4 wk of incubation. SuperU granules, or granules treated with Instinct nitrified more slowly than untreated urea granules, amending urea granules with Nutrisphere‐N and NZone did not slow nitrification. The three experiments do not support the use of Nutrisphere‐N or NZone as fertilizer additives for granular urea, for the purpose of reducing N loss.
Assessing local materials for the treatment of wastewater in open drains
Authors: Jamwal Priyanka , Phillips Daniel , Karlsrud Kim 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn the present study, three low-cost filter aggregate materials were tested and compared for organic matter and fecal coliform (FC) removal at the laboratory scale. Setups were subjected to synthetic wastewater at two hydraulic loading rates (HLR), i.e. 4 cm/day and 40 cm/day. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) at the two HLRs varied from 4 days to 12 h, respectively. The result obtained shows that the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) removal efficiency of aggregate materials decreased with the increase in HLR. Both at high and low HLR, the terracotta aggregate material exhibited maximum BOD5 loading removal and without significant difference for the case of FC removal efficiency for all the three aggregate materials. At higher HLR, cell debris and biofilm loss from the aggregate material contributed to the chemical oxygen demand (COD) levels in the treated water. The terracotta aggregate material provided best organic matter removal at both HLRs. The study demonstrates the potential of incorporating inexpensive and readily available local materials into decentralized, frugal green infrastructure interventions capable of lowering the quantum of harmful biological contaminants in open storm water channels in rapidly urbanizing cities of developing countries, and that the terracotta aggregate material provided best organic removal at both HLRs.
Mobile Health Applications for Prenatal Assessment and Monitoring
Authors: Gyselaers Wilfried , Lanssens Dorien , Perry Helen , Khalil Asma 
Published: March 2019

Background:A mobile health application is an exciting, fast-paced domain that is likely to improve prenatal care.Methods:In this narrative review, we summarise the use of mobile health applications in this setting with a special emphasis on both the benefits of remote monitoring devices and the potential pitfalls of their use, highlighting the need for robust regulations and guidelines before their widespread introduction into prenatal care.Results:Remote monitoring devices for four areas of prenatal care are reported: (1) cardio-tocography; (2) blood glucose levels; (3) blood pressure; and (4) prenatal ultrasound. The majority of publications are pilot projects on remote consultation, education, coaching, screening, monitoring and selective booking, mostly reporting potential medical and/or economic benefits by mobile health applications over conventional care for very specific situations, indications and locations, but not always generalizable.Conclusions:Despite the potential advantages of these devices, some caution must be taken when implementing this technology into routine daily practice. To date, the majority of published research on mobile health in the prenatal setting consists of observational studies and there is a need for high-quality randomized controlled trials to confirm the reported clinical and economic benefits as well as the safety of this technology. There is also a need for guidance and governance on the development and validation of new apps and devices and for the implementation of mobile health technology into healthcare systems in both high and low-income settings. Finally, digital communication technologies offer perspectives towards exploration and development of the very new domain of tele-pharmacology.
Next Generation Medical Management of Postpartum Hemorrhage
Authors: Phillips Jaclyn M. , van den Anker John N. , Ahmadzia Homa K. 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Postpartum hemorrhage remains a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality of
women of childbearing age worldwide. Trends in both incidence and severity of postpartum hemorrhage are
increasing which makes it imperative to identify drugs that could target prevention and/or treatment of these
postpartum hemorrhages for women living in high, middle and low-income countries.

Methods:
We have reviewed current advances in the medical management of postpartum hemorrhage focusing on
non-uterotonic therapy. We specifically describe the use and mechanism of action of tranexamic acid (TXA) and
fibrinogen concentrate. Furthermore, we address the existing data for using these medications in postpartum hemorrhage,
highlighting both strengths and limitations.

Results:
This review describes a new generation of medications that are promising for the prevention and/or
treatment of postpartum hemorrhage. For patients at risk for significant hemorrhage, TXA has been shown to
reduce intraoperative blood loss and can be given as a prophylactic agent. For the treatment of postpartum hemorrhage,
early use of TXA has the potential to reduce mortality. In addition, some data exists supporting the use of
fibrinogen concentrate, though more studies are required to help formulate guidelines for its use.

Conclusion:
A promising new approach for the management of severe postpartum hemorrhage is using medications
that alter coagulation. More data are needed to describe ideal patient populations, dosing, the time of administration,
and infusion rate.
Pharmacokinetics, Placental and Breast Milk Transfer of Antiretroviral Drugs in Pregnant and Lactating Women Living with HIV
Authors: Hodel E.M. , Marzolini C. , Waitt C. , Rakhmanina N. 
Published: March 2019

Background:Remarkable progress has been achieved in the identification of HIV infection in pregnant women and in the prevention of vertical HIV transmission through maternal antiretroviral treatment (ART) and neonatal antiretroviral drug (ARV) prophylaxis in the last two decades. Millions of women globally are receiving combination ART throughout pregnancy and breastfeeding, periods associated with significant biological and physiological changes affecting the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of ARVs. The objective of this review was to summarize currently available knowledge on the PK of ARVs during pregnancy and transport of maternal ARVs through the placenta and into the breast milk. We also summarized main safety considerations for in utero and breast milk ARVs exposures in infants.Methods:We conducted a review of the pharmacological profiles of ARVs in pregnancy and during breastfeeding obtained from published clinical studies. Selected maternal PK studies used a relatively rich sampling approach at each ante- and postnatal sampling time point. For placental and breast milk transport of ARVs, we selected the studies that provided ratios of maternal to the cord (M:C) plasma and breast milk to maternal plasma (M:P) concentrations, respectively.Results:We provide an overview of the physiological changes during pregnancy and their effect on the PK parameters of ARVs by drug class in pregnancy, which were gathered from 45 published studies. The PK changes during pregnancy affect the dosing of several protease inhibitors during pregnancy and limit the use of several ARVs, including three single tablet regimens with integrase inhibitors or protease inhibitors co-formulated with cobicistat due to suboptimal exposures. We further analysed the currently available data on the mechanism of the transport of ARVs from maternal plasma across the placenta and into the breast milk and summarized the effect of pregnancy on placental and of breastfeeding on mammal gland drug transporters, as well as physicochemical properties, C:M and M:P ratios of individual ARVs by drug class. Finally, we discussed the major safety issues of fetal and infant exposure to maternal ARVs.Conclusions:Available pharmacological data provide evidence that physiological changes during pregnancy affect maternal, and consequently, fetal ARV exposure. Limited available data suggest that the expression of drug transporters may vary throughout pregnancy and breastfeeding thereby possibly impacting the amount of ARV crossing the placenta and secreted into the breast milk. The drug transporter’s role in the fetal/child exposure to maternal ARVs needs to be better understood. Our analysis underscores the need for more pharmacological studies with innovative study design, sparse PK sampling, improved study data reporting and PK modelling in pregnant and breastfeeding women living with HIV to optimize their treatment choices and maternal and child health outcomes.
Perancangan Conveyor Mini untuk Pemilahan Buah Berdasarkan Ukuran yang Dikendalikan oleh Mikrokontroller Atmega16
Authors: Harahap Partaonan , Oktrialdi Benny , Cholish Cholish 
Published: March 2019

Berkembang dan bervariasi, untuk memenuhi kebutuhan tersebut industri membutuhkan suatu alat yangdapat mengontrol dan mengendalikan proses permesinan secara otomatis sehingga mempermudah danmenghemat tenaga manusia. sebagian besar industri menerapkan sistem control menggunakanMikrokontroller sebagai alat kontrol kerja produksi, seperti alat conveyor untuk pemilahan buah berdasarkan ukuran yang dikendalikan oleh Mikrokontroller ATMEGA16, dengan menggunakan sensorultrasonic sebagai pengukur ukuran objek dan kombinasi photodioda dan motor servo dapat mendeteksikeberadaan objek lalu dapat mensortirnya. Perancangan conveyor pada penelitian ini menggunakan jenis Belt Conveyor dengan komponen utama roller dari bahan pvc, kerangka dari bahan akrelit, sabuk (Belt) dari bahan lakban, motor dc sebagai penggerak sabuk juga roda gigi (pulley) dan Terdapat 3 buah motor servo yang difungsikan untuk memilah buah jeruk berdasarkan ukuran kecil, sedang, dan besar. Perancangan conveyor yang dilengkapi pemilah benda ini dapat dibuat dengan menggunakan ATMEGA 16 sebagai kontrolernya. Sensor ultrasonic HC-SR04 berfungsi dengan baik untuk mengukur ukuran objek, dan kombinasi photodioda dan motor servo dapat mendeteksi keberadaan objek lalu dapat memilahnya. Kemudian data dicacah oleh mikrokontroller dan ditampilkan pada layar LCD.
Profesi Engineer dan Strategi Mengatasi Kecemasan Berbahasa Inggris
Authors: Wijirahayu Suciana , Irawan Rifki 
Published: March 2019

One of the reasons why the participants lack speaking skill is they felt anxious when communicating in English in a real situation, especially with foreigners. There are eight participants in this research joined in house training in one of the company in Jakarta-Indonesia The research is mainly qualitative with some descriptive statistics which employed some data collection techniques: two questionnaires, interview, classroom observation, and document analysis. The data were analyzed by ways of reducing, displaying, and interpreting data. Four participants detail expression related to their Foreign Language Anxiety (FLA) will be illustrated and discussed. The results of the study were most of the participants experience a high level of test anxiety, the sources of anxiety coming from people’s view, preparation, procrastination, expectation, negative consequences/ negative thinking, personal problem, time pressure, format usage, students’ age, students’ familiarity with the testing condition, testing situation factors, and not mastering the skill. The participants’ coping strategies are various which are mostly cooperating.
Rancang Bangun Sistem Pengenalan Citra untuk Tingkat Kematangan Buah Pepaya California Berdasarkan Warna Berbasis
Authors: Mirani Thia , Sinduningrum Estu , Dzikrillah Ahmad Rizal 
Published: March 2019

Pepaya (Carica papaya L.) merupakan komoditas buah tropika utama. Untuk mengetahui tingkat kematangan buah pepaya California petani masih melakukan secara visual, dengan cara membelah buah pepaya. Dengan merancang teknologi ini memungkinkan mengindentifikasi kematangan buah pepaya California berdasarkan cirri warna dengan bantuan ponsel. Metode ekstraksi ciri yang digunakan dalam mengidentifikasikan adalah ekstraksi fitur warna (R, G, B), yang akan di implementasikan kedalam ponselmenggunakan sebuah aplikasi berbasis Android. Bahasa yang digunakan adalah Java. Serta menerapkan metode algoritma Min-Max sebagai metode pengambilan nilai warna RGB. Penulis menguji cobanya dengan menggunakan tingkat pencahayaan yang berbeda dan tingkat pengambilan gambar dengan zoom in, zoom out dan pengambilan gambar normal untuk mengetahui tingkat kematangan buah pepaya berdasarkan warna pada kulitnya. Penulis menguji coba kesesuaian antara hasil analisis aplikasi dengan kondisi aktual. Dari hasil pengujian, didapatkan bahwa analisis aplikasi ternyata sesuai kematangan buah dengan kondisi aktual buah pepaya California mentah, matang atau busuk.
Penjadwalan Hafalan Alquran dengan Algoritma Genetika
Authors: Alfaraby Abdul Aziz , Hilda Atiqah Meutia , Kamayani Mia 
Published: March 2019

Jadwal merupakan tahapan yang paling menentukan keberhasilan suatu hafalan Alquran. Hal ini dikarenakan jadwal adalah tahap ketergantungan antar aktivitas yang membangun secara keseluruhan. Pemecahan masalah jadwal yang baik dari suatu hafalan Alquran merupakan salah satu faktor keberhasilan dalam pelaksanaannya, dan menerapkan algoritma genetika untuk memecahkan masalah dalam jadwal hafalan Alquran serta dapat menjadi solusi dalam menangani masalah dalam mengatur jadwal secara otomatis. Algoritma genetika merepresentasikan kandidat solusi optimasi jadwal ke dalam kromosom-kromosom secara acak, lalu dievaluasi menggunakan fungsi fitness dan seterusnya dilakukan seleksi. Metode seleksi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode seleksi roda roulette, kemudian dilakukan pindah silang dan mutasi. Pada setiap generasi, kromosom dievaluasi berdasarkan nilai fungsi fitness. Setelah beberapa generasi maka algoritma genetika akan menghasilkan kromosom terbaik, yang merupakan solusi optimal. Pengujian yang dilakukan meliputi pengujian blackbox. Hasil dari sistem jadwal hafalan Alquran menggunakan algoritma genetika adalah jadwal kegiatan-kegiatan dalam sebuah hafalan dalam waktu satu minggu, dan berdasarkan hasil pengujian performansi yang dilakukan sebanyak 6 kali dapat disimpulkan bahwa algoritma genetika membutuhkan waktu yang lama jika nilai iterasinya besar, karena dalam algoritma ini terdapat proses penggenerasian.
Desain Komposisi Bahan Komposit yang Optimal Berbahan Baku Utama Limbah Ampas Serat Tebu (Baggase)
Authors: Nuruddin Mochammad , Santoso Rahmat Agus , Hidayati Roziana Ainul 
Published: March 2019

Bahan baku atau material komposit sebagai alternatif bahan baku non logam dipilih karena memiliki sifat ketahanan korosi yang lebih baik, karakteristik yang dapat dikontrol serta berat yang lebih ringan dan biaya produksi yang murah. Upaya yang dilakukan melalui inovasi desain bahan baku utama komposit yang memiliki keunggulan serta lebih aman dan ramah terhadap lingkungan. Salah satu jenis serat alam yang sangat potensial adalah ampas serat tebu (baggase). Ampas serat tebu merupakan limbah dari proses pengolahan gula yang pemanfaatannya kecil, diperkirakan sebanyak 40 % dari ampas tebu tersebut belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk desain atau rancangan komposisi bahan baku atau material level optimal komposit dari limbah ampas serat tebu sebagai serat penguat utama material komposit dengan kombinasi alternatif bahan baku pendamping berupa serat batang/pelepah pisang dan serat/sabut kelapa sehingga dalam penelitian ini diistilahkan Tree in one of material komposit. Tahapan penelitian diawali dengan penerapan metode desain robust (Taguchi) dari indentifikasi variabel penelitian hingga pelaksanaan eksperimen dengan penentuan level faktor kualitas dan ortogonal array yang sesuai serta dengan replikasi 2 kali, Adapun hasil penelitian yang diperoleh adalah desain komposisi level optimal pada eksperimen ke-4 dimana komposisi bahan baku 70%, 10%, 20% ( Matrik + Filler) dengan posisi struktur serat Searah, perekat yang sesuai memakai resin epoxy diperoleh rata–rata kekuatan bending sebesar 8,2404 MPa dan rata-rata kekuatan tarik sebesar 2,992748718 MPa, tentunya perlu dilakukan treatment spesifik untuk penelitian lanjutan yang lebih sempurna agar produksi komposit yang dihasilkan dapat ditingkatkan kualitasnya.
Pengaruh Overall Heat Loss Coefficient Terhadap Hasil Output solar still
Authors: Cahyani Regita Septia , Mugisidi Dan , Rifky Rifky , Heriyani Oktarina 
Published: March 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh koefisien kehilangan panas keseluruhan terhadap hasil output yang terjadi pada solar still. Penelitian ini menggunakan material stainless still tebal 1,6 mm dan kaca penutup tebal 3mm dengan kemiringan terhadap alat solar still 30 ̊. Pengujian dilakukan mulai pukul 08.00 WIB sampai 17.00 WIB selama 3 hari, dengan beberapa parameter yang di ukur seperti suhu kaca bawah (Tgi), suhu air (Tw), kecepatan angin (v), intensitas radiasi matahari (I(t)s) yang terdapat dalam sistem alat solar still. Dari hasil pengujian yang dilakukan overall heat loss coefficient tertinggi yaitu sebesar 50,7 W/m2.K.. Semakin tinggi coefficient top heat loss sangat mempengaruhi coefficient heat loss overall sehingga hasil output tidak mengalami kenaikan.
A Study of the Relationships between Nursing Students’ Meanings of Life, Positive Beliefs, and Well-Being
Authors: Tsai Fu-Ju , Chen Cheng-Yu , Yeh Gwo-Liang , Hu Yih-Jin , Tseng Chie-Chien , Chen Si-Chi 
Published: March 2019

Background: Nursing educators should train nursing students to pursue physical, psychological, spiritual, and social health promotion. The purpose of this study was to explore relationships between nursing students’ meaning of life, positive beliefs, and well-being.
Methods: A cross-sectional correlational study with a quantitative approach was adopted. Purposive sampling was used. A total of 170 nursing students voluntarily participated in this study. A 56-item questionnaire was used to examine nursing students’ meaning of life (1-25 items), positive beliefs (1-11 items), and well-being (1-20 items). The content validity index (CVI) of the study questionnaire was established as 0.95 by seven expert scholars. The reliability values for the three parts of the measure were as follows: meaning of life, Cronbach’s α 0.96; positive beliefs, Cronbach’s α 0.93; and well-being, Cronbach’s α 0.95. Percentages, frequencies, means, SDs, Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance by rank, Spearman’s rank correlation, one-way analysis of variance, Spearman’s rho correlation, and regression analysis were used for the data analysis.
Results: Nursing students had the following mean scores: meaning of life with 4.02 (SD 0.56); positive beliefs with 3.92 (SD 0.62); and well-being with 3.95 (SD 0.57). The results indicate that for all nursing students, meaning of life was positively correlated with positive beliefs, r=0.83 (P<.01); similarly, all nursing students had positive beliefs that were positively correlated with meaning of life, r=0.83 (P<.01). In the results of the study, the nursing students’ background, meaning of life and positive beliefs explained 63% of the variance in well-being (Adjusted R2 squared =0.63, F=33.41, P<.001).
Conclusions: Nursing students’ sense of meaning of life and positive beliefs may impact their well-being. Therefore, nursing educators can promote meaning of life and positive beliefs to nursing students as a way to increase their well-being for physical, psychological, spiritual, and social health promotion.