bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Occurrence of Hemoglobins Bart’s and F Associated With Carbonic Anhydrase Deficiency In A Patient With Alpha-thalassemia And Malignant Thymoma
Authors: IMAMURA TAKASHI , OHTA YOSHIRO , HANADA MOTOSUKE 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A 17 year old Japanese girl is described with morphologic evidence of thalassemia characterized by an increase in fetal hemoglobin distributed heterogenously among the red cell population, a slight relative depression of α-chain synthesis, and an increase in γ-chain synthesis, as well as a significant depression in carbonic anhydrase activity.
The data suggest that some increase in the severity of these abnormalities took place with the development of a malignant thymoma. The combination of defects present here is not characteristic of the usual manifestations of α-thalassemia and might therefore be considered as an unusual variant of this condition.
Brief Note: Effect of Erythropoietin on Polycythemic Mouse Spleen in Vitro IV. Response of the Colony-forming Cells to Erythropoietin
Authors: MIZOGUCHI HIDEAKI , MIURA YASUSADA , TAKAKU FUMIMARO , NAKAO KIKU 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
It is shown that an in vitro system of assaying the size of an erythropoietin-responsive stem cell pool could be applied to the spleens of polycythemic mice after irradiation and bone marrow transplantation.
With this method, the presence of erythropoietin-responsive cells in the spleen was first detected on the second day after transplantation. Therefore, it is considered probable that colony-forming cells and erythropoietin-responsive cells are at different stages of maturation or cell cycle.
Furthermore, necessity of erythropoietin for further differentiation of transplanted stem cells into erythroblasts is also suggested.
Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia in Rats with Malignant Hypertension
Authors: VENKATACHALAM M. A. , JONES DAVID B. , NELSON DOUGLAS A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Unilaterally nephrectomized rats given desoxycorticosterone and salt load developed malignant hypertension with widespread vascular lesions and, coincidentally, a hemolytic anemia. The anemia was characterized by red cell fragmentation, increased erythrocyte osmotic fragility, and evidence of both intravascular and extravascular hemolysis. Thrombocytopenia was not observed. Male rats were more severely affected than female animals. The degree of anemia correlated well with the severity of the vascular lesions, but not with the level of blood urea nitrogen.
Based upon electron microscopic observations of the relationship of red cells to damaged endothelial cells and thrombi, possible mechanisms for the red cell fragmentation are discussed.
The Remission and Relapse Status of Acute Leukemia as Studied by the In Vitro Uptake of Tritiated Thymidine by Peripheral Blood Leukocytes
Authors: ZIMMERMAN THEODORE S. , GODWIN HERMAN A. , ZELEN MARVIN , PERRY SEYMOUR 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
H3TdR uptake by peripheral blood leukocytes has been measured in patients with acute leukemia and in hematologically normal controls. Patients with acute leukemia in remission and relapse generally had elevated uptakes and formed populations distinct from the normal population and from each other, although overlap of values between each population was present. The measurement of H3TdR uptake may prove useful as an additional parameter for studying acute leukemia.
Megakaryocyte Size in Thrombocytopenic and Normal Rats
Authors: EBBE SHIRLEY , STOHLMAN FREDERICK , OVERCASH JOAN , DONOVAN JANET , HOWARD DONALD 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Thrombocytopenia was produced in rats by exchange transfusion with platelet-poor homologous blood or heterologous antiserum. The subsequent rapid rise in platelet counts to thrombocytotic levels suggested accelerated platelet production. During this recovery period macromegakaryocytes were present in the bone marrow. The findings suggested that thrombocytopenia affected megakaryocytopoiesis at the precursor cell level with resultant macrocytosis.
The Effect of Surgery on the Concentration of Circulating Megakaryocytes and Platelets
Authors: BRESLOW ALEXANDER , KAUFMAN RICHARD M. , LAWSKY ALAN R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The mean concentration of megakaryocytes in antecubital vein blood of 43 normal men and women was 3.4/ml. (range 0-13). No circulating megakaryocytes were found in 6 patients with thrombocytopenia due to marrow failure. Following surgery the average maximal megakaryocyte level increased to 50/ml. (range 15-190) from a preoperative mean of 8/ml. The maximal level was reached on about the third postoperative day with the platelet concentration reaching maximal levels 3 to 6 days later.
Antisera for Tissue-Typing: The Production of Cytotoxic and Agglutinating Antibodies Following Intradermal Leukocyte Injections in Man
Authors: SHANBROM EDWARD , FEINGOLD ELAINE , SHEPHERD LESTER , WALFORD ROY 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Both cytotoxic and agglutinating antibodies developed predictably in response to repeated intradermal injections of small amounts of leukocytes. In 3 of 5 such immunizations, the resulting antisera were monospecific and the donor-recipient matches revealed few antigenic differences. Restimulation caused a prompt appearance of antibody in high titer. Attempts to characterize a single serum sample in terms of its leukoagglutinating and cytotoxic activity may not be valid unless the serum used is known to contain comparable levels of antibody activity.
Further advances in leukocyte typing for organ transplantation should be facilitated by the availability of monospecific typing sera. Sera of this nature can be produced by immunization of recipients with closely matched donors.
Characteristics of the Terminal Phase of Chronic Granulocytic Leukemia
Authors: KARANAS ARTHUR , SILVER RICHARD T. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Data obtained retrospectively from a group of patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia provided the basis for characterizing the onset of the terminal phase of chronic granulocytic leukemia. Such characterization permits an opportunity to introduce in sufficient time new therapeutic agents for the treatment of a phase of a disease which heretofore has been refractory to conventional therapy. The suggested criteria marking the onset of the terminal phase may require revision as more information is systematically collected in the future.
A Histochemical Study of the Reticuloendothelial System of Human Marrow—Its Possible Transport Role
Authors: TRUBOWITZ S. , MASEK B. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Intense alkaline adenosine tri-, di- and monophosphatase activity is present in the capillary endothelial cells and reticular cells of the bone marrow as well as about the individual marrow cells. The phosphatase activity of the granulocytic cells is weak by comparison and offers no difficulty in differentiation. Iron is confined to a similar topographic distribution. The described observations are discussed in terms of transport. It is suggested that the reticuloendothelial system of the marrow is essentially a transport system for the differentiating hematopoietic cells.
Tryptophan Metabolism in Humans with Various Types of Anemias
Authors: HANKES L. V. , BROWN R. R. , SCHIFFER L. , SCHMAELER M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Metabolic studies were performed in a number of patients to determine the effect of anemia on tryptophan metabolism. Patients were given a tracer dose of DL-tryptophan-2-C14 or the tracer dose plus a loading dose (2 Gm.) of L-tryptophan. In those patients given the loading dose, the C14O2 production over a 24 hour period was lower than that usually obtained in normals receiving the same dose. The loading dose did not have any significant effect on the total urinary radioactivity level. In some cases the post tryptophan loading urinary level of kynurenine, quinolinic acid, N1-methylnicotinamide and N1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide were elevated. Vitamin B6 administration returned the kynurenine and N1-methylnicotinamide levels to normal but not the quinolinic acid or pyridone. The results obtained here indicate that in anemias the activity of the hematin dependent enzyme, tryptophan pyrrolase, was depressed as well as the enzymes converting the amino acid into CO2. The data suggest that not only are the kynurenine catabolism enzymes vitamin B6 dependent but that vitamin B6 is very important to the conversion of the tryptophan metabolite 3-hydroxy-anthranilic acid into α-amino-β-carboxymuconic-ε-semialdehyde and the conversion of the semialdehyde into acetate and CO2. In addition vitamin B6 may be involved in the further metabolism of quinolinic acid into the pyridone.
A Clockface Chromatin Pattern in the Intermediate Megaloblast of Vitamin B12 or Folate Deficiency
Authors: KASS LAWRENCE 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In the fully-developed megaloblast of vitamin B12 or folate deficiency, unique alterations occur in the chromatin adherent to the nuclear membrane. This chromatin is often tenuously connected to or separated from other chromatin, and gives the nucleus a clockface appearance. A clockface chromatin pattern appears only rarely in "megaloblastoid" erythroblasts from cases of refractory megaloblastic anemia. Normal erythroblasts and developing erythroblasts from a variety of anemias do not exhibit this chromatin pattern. Although the pathogenesis of the "clockface sign" is unknown, alterations in megaloblast histone might cause both the clockface chromatin pattern and subsequent chromosomal abnormalities. When the "clockface sign" appears in an intermediate megaloblast, it may provide a morphological clue to a deficiency of vitamin B12 or folate.
Failure of Vitamin E Therapy in the Treatment of Anemia of Protein-Calorie Malnutrition
Authors: BAKER S. J. , PEREIRA S. M. , BEGUM ALMAS 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A study is reported of the hematologic changes occurring in 16 children with protein-calorie malnutrition treated with vitamin E. Eight children showed no response. Two showed a very delayed rise in reticulocyte count and six had a peak reticulocyte response 5 to 8 days after starting therapy. None of the patients showing reticulocyte responses had a sustained rise in hemoglobin or packed cell volume. In none of the cases did the marrow become normoblastic following therapy and in five the marrow abnormalities became more marked.
The results of this study do not confirm the suggestion that vitamin E has a significant role in human hemopoeisis.
Mechanisms of Hemolysis in Iron Deficiency Anemia. Further Studies
Authors: DIEZ-EWALD MARIA , LAYRISSE MIGUEL , Ojeda Adelina 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Red blood cell survival time as measured with 32DFP and 51Cr was studied in subjects with iron deficiency anemia associated and nonassociated with hook-worm infection. 51Cr T ½ was definitely shorter in all cases in which 32DFP showed marked excess hemolysis, but a normal 51Cr T ½ was found in some cases in which 32DFP survival was slightly reduced.
There was a high correlation between survival measured with 32DFP and the rate of abnormal red cells in the peripheral blood. Less correlation was found between the proportion of hypochromic microcytic red cells and 32DFP, and even less correlation, although significant, was observed when 51Cr T ½ was compared with the red cell parameters.
Results of the red cell survival studies with erythrocytes from subjects with iron deficiency anemia injected into the donor subject, normal recipients, and splenectomized subjects, as well as body 51Cr surface countings, indicated that excess hemolysis in this type of anemia is due to an intrinsic defect of the red blood cells and that the spleen is the principal sites of destruction of these cells.
Hemopoietic Progenitor Cells in Marrow and Spleen of Mice with Hereditary Iron Deficiency Anemia
Authors: BENNETT M. , PINKERTON P. H. , CUDKOWICZ G. , BANNERMAN R. M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Sex-linked hypochromic anemia is the result of iron deficiency, apparently caused by malabsorption of iron. Progenitor cells in marrow and spleen of male anemic (genotype, sla/-) and normal (+/-) littermate mice were studied by quantitative transplantation into irradiated, but otherwise normal, recipient mice. The progeny of grafted cells were assessed by isotope uptake technics. Progenitor cells of sla/- mice were capable of extensive production of erythroid cells, which synthesized DNA and hemoglobin, and of leukocytic elements, which synthesized DNA but not hemoglobin. Proliferation of the latter cell types was assayed in recipient mice rendered polycythemic with red cell infusions to suppress erythropoiesis. The mature red cells produced by transplanted sla/- marrow and spleen were normal with respect to volume, size, and hemoglobin content. The grossly enlarged spleens of sla/- mice contained 20 times the normal number of erythropoietic progenitor units (EPU); parenteral iron therapy cured the anemia and caused the spleen to revert to normal. The ratio of EPU to leukopoietic progenitor units (LPU) was abnormally high in marrow and spleen of sla/- mice; in addition, the EPU:LPU ratio was higher in spleen than in marrow of normal and anemic mice. The high EPU:LPU ratio of sla/- bone marrow persisted after transplantation to a lesser, but significant, extent for at least 52 days. We conclude that: 1) the sla mutant gene does not affect hemopoietic cells directly, but that iron deficiency alters the ratio of EPU to LPU by committing more primitive pluripotent stem cells to erythropoiesis, and 2) EPU and LPU are separate progenitor cells with restricted potential for differentiation. Persistence of the altered EPU:LPU ratio in sla/- marrow chimeras may be explained by extensive and independent self-replication of EPU and/or LPU, especially after grafting relatively small numbers (1.6 million) of marrow cells into irradiated mice.
Brief Report: A Cytogenetic Study of Acute Erythroleukemia in Children
Authors: DYMENT PAUL G. , MELNYK JOHN , BRUBAKER CHARLES A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Three children with acute erythroleukemia were studied for chromosomal changes. Two of them had persistently normal karyotypes despite relapse. The third patient was missing a C chromosome, and had 45/46 mosaicism in the bone marrow and a dichotomy between blood (mode of 46) and bone marrow (mode of 45). All of these abnormalities were only evident when he was in relapse. Following partial remission induced with cytosine arabinoside, all subsequent analyses were normal. This is the third case reported of a child with erythroleukemia with aneuploidy in the C group of the chromosomes.
Hypothesis: Studies on Human Platelets III. A Contractile Protein Model for Platelet Aggregation
Authors: BOOYSE F. M. , RAFELSON MAX E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A new hypothesis is proposed for platelet aggregation. The model involves the formation of intermolecular platelet actomyosin bridges between platelet actin and platelet myosin moieties localized on or near the surface of adjacent platelets. These intermolecular platelet actomyosin bridges can then contract in the presence of ATP, drawing the platelets into a tight mass or thrombus.
Intravascular Hemagglutination Studied with the Living Extracorporeal Eye
Authors: SEAMAN ARTHUR J. , LUTCHER C. LAWRENCE , MOFFAT CHARLOTTE 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Direct and filmed observations of events during intravascular hemagglutination have been made using our Living Extracorporeal Eye preparation.
Agglutinated erythrocyte masses in the arterioles are separated by plasma gaps but tied to one another in short chains by fibrin threads and have a surface deposition of fibrin. This fibrin forms under circumstances that make autocatalytic coagulation unlikely. This seems to indicate that if thrombin evolution occurs, it must be localized to the areas of exposed erythrocyte stroma and adjacent endothelial cell surfaces altered by deoxygenation.
These masses plug some of the microcirculatory channels and venous many-tailed casts build from multicentric sites at the exits of venules with stilled flow. The light and electron microscopic structure of such casts shows a core of aggregated erythrocytes with surface fibrin and platelet deposition.
The above events are not prevented by prothrombinopenic, leukopenic or thrombocytopenic reacting bloods but are abolished by resuspending from each of the reacting bloods, the autologous erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets in the supernate of its centrifuged heat-defibrinated plasma.
Hydrocortisone, benadryl and 6 per cent clinical dextran do not alter the reaction.
When calcium ion binding agents are also present, heparin abolishes the fibrin formation and sharply reduces the magnitude of erythrocyte aggregates so that vigorous perfusion of the microcirculation continues. Heparin alone is ineffective in suppressing interspecies hemagglutination and erythothrombus formation when non-anticoagulated bovine blood is intermixed with heparinized diluted human blood.
The obstructing arteriolar masses and the many-tailed venous cast induced by hemagglutination, are promptly and completely disaggregated by plasma plus streptokinase or by urokinase or by 5M urea solution perfusion.
Osmotically lysed erythrocytes lead to similar erythrothrombosis only when stasis is induced by interrupting arterial perfusion for a minute or more.
Cytogenetic Abnormalities in a Plasmacytoma
Authors: MANCINELLI SERGIO , DURANT JOHN R. , HAMMACK WILLIAM J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Cytogenetic studies from a plasmacytoma, bone marrow, and peripheral blood of a patient with myelomatosis have been described. Studies on the plasmacytoma revealed a marker chromosome in 72 per cent of the cells. Ninety-eight per cent of these contained an abnormal acrocentric marker similar to that reported by Tassoni et al.2 and approximately 50 per cent of the marker-positive cells contained an MG-like chromosome. The origin of the acrocentric marker appeared to involve a translocation from an unknown chromosome to a normal D group member, and that of the MG-like marker to involve pericentric inversion of a normal A group member.
The high percentage of cells from the tumor which contained the marker chromosomes makes it likely that these markers, described in low percentage in marrow or peripheral blood by others, actually were obtained from myeloma cells.
Leukapheresis* by Continuous Flow Centrifugation (CFC) in Patients with Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia (CML)
Authors: BUCKNER DEAN , GRAW ROBERT G. , EISEL ROBERT J. , HENDERSON EDWARD S. , PERRY SEYMOUR 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A closed continuous flow centrifuge (NCI-IBM Blood Cell Separator) was utilized to collect large quantities of leukocytes from donors with chronic myelocytic leukemia. Ninety-eight separate centrifugations of one to six hours duration were performed in 12 patients. Quantities of blood between 2.4-20.3 liters were processed during each centrifugation representing 0.4-3.2 donor blood volumes. An additional five centrifugations were attempted unsuccessfully. Buffy coat cells were collected while plasma and red blood cells were returned to the donor without change in flow or gravitational field. White blood cell yields of up to 75 per cent were obtained while platelet yields were electively varied from 0.1 per cent in donors with thrombocytopenia to 61.0 per cent in donors with thrombocytosis.
Red blood cell hemolysis and excessive platelet losses with thrombocytopenia were not observed. One patient developed chills and fever of unknown etiology on two separate occasions, once during and once following CFC
Leukocytes collected by this method and transfused into granulocytopenic recipients resulted in granulocyte increments of 2.0 x 103 per mm3 per 1011 granulocytes per m2 of body surface area. The persistence of cells with the Ph1 chromosome in the bone marrow of recipients demonstrated that viable proliferating cells survived the procedure.
Gaucher Cells in Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia: An Acquired Abnormality
Authors: KATTLOVE HERMAN E. , WILLIAMS JEANNINE C. , GAYNOR EVELYN , SPIVACK MORTON , BRADLEY ROY M. , BRADY ROSCOE O. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A patient with CML is presented in whom Gaucher’s cells were seen in the bone marrow and other tissues. Biochemical and electron microscopic studies established the similarity of these cells to those found in Gaucher’s disease. Evidence is presented which indicates that the granulocyte is normally the major source of sphingolipid and that the Gaucher’s cells seen in CML arise from excessive granulocyte turnover.
An Adaptation of Methacrylate Embedding for Routine Histopathologic Use
Authors: ZAMBERNARD JOSEPH , BLOCK MATTHEW , VATTER ALBERT , TRENNER LEW 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A plastic tissue embedding technic which is rapid and simple enough for routine clinical and research usage has been described. Tissues were routinely processed at 2 µ and 4 µ in a hospital laboratory within 16 hours. The quality of the sections was superior to those obtained with paraffin so that cell types are clearly recognizable. Advantages of this process over paraffin embedding include ease of storage and superior preservation of cytological detail.
Thymic Lymphopoiesis and Cell Loss in Newborn Mice
Authors: MICHALKE W. D. , HESS M. W. , RIEDWYL H. , STONER R. D. , COTTIER H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Thymic lymphopoiesis in 2 day old Swiss albino mice (Hale-Stoner strain) was studied autoradiographically based on the variation of mitotic labeling indices and intensities after a single intraabdominal injection of 3H-thymidine. Best estimates for the duration of various phases of the generative cell cycle are as follows: G2 for the majority of cells: 86-94 minutes, shortest possible duration for a small fraction of cells: 35-48 minutes; mitosis: 27-44 minutes; DNA synthesis: 7 hours; generation time: 9¼ hours. G1 could not be determined directly by the methods used but probably is short. The present data do not indicate different generation times for proliferating thymic lymphoid cells of unequal size although the very largest elements must be excluded from this statement because of rare occurrence. The results obtained in this study together with data on changes of thymic weight and proliferative activity in the neonatal period indicate that during the third day after birth, a fraction corresponding to one third of all lymphoid cells present in the organ at the end of this period is lost. In view of the extremely low pyknotic index in the thymus at this age, the present data provide support in favor of an extensive emigration of lymphoid cells being the major cause of this cell loss.
Humoral Factors Influencing Erythropoiesis in the Fish (Blue Gourami—Trichogaster trichopterus)
Authors: ZANJANI ESMAIL D. , YU MAN-LIM , PERLMUTTER ALFRED , GORDON ALBERT S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Evidence is presented for the existence of a circulating erythropoiesis stimulating factor in the bled fish (blue gourami).
Erythropoiesis is inhibited by starvation and increased following a single bleeding in the gourami.
Administration of serum from the bled gourami to the starved gourami evokes a highly significant increase in erythropoiesis. Serum from normal non-bled fish fails to produce this effect.
Large doses of sheep plasma ESF and human urinary ESF (16 units/100 Gm. body weight) stimulate erythropoiesis in the starved gourami. Smaller amounts, highly active in the polycythemic mouse, are without effect in the gourami.
No in vitro stimulatory effect on radioiron uptake by peripheral red blood cells of the gourami was exerted by anemic gourami serum or mammalian ESF.
The starved gourami may find use as a test animal for erythropoietic factors from other lower vertebrates.