bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase 1 study of selinexor plus carfilzomib and dexamethasone for the treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma
Authors: Jakubowiak Andrzej J. , Jasielec Jagoda K. , Rosenbaum Cara A. , Cole Craig E. , Chari Ajai , Mikhael Joseph , Nam Jennifer , McIver Amanda , Severson Erica , Stephens Leonor A. , Tinari Kathryn , Rosebeck Shaun , Zimmerman Todd M. , Hycner Tyler , Turowski Agata , Karrison Theodore , Zonder Jeffrey A. 
Published: May 2019

SummarySelinexor, an oral Selective Inhibitor of Nuclear Export, targets Exportin 1 (XPO1, also termed CRM1). Non‐clinical studies support combining selinexor with proteasome inhibitors (PIs) and corticosteroids to overcome resistance in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). We conducted a phase I dose‐escalation trial of twice‐weekly selinexor in combination with carfilzomib and dexamethasone (SKd) to determine maximum tolerated dose in patients with RRMM (N = 21), with an expansion cohort to assess activity in carfilzomib‐refractory disease and identify a recommended phase II dose (RP2D). During dose escalation, there was one dose‐limiting toxicity (cardiac failure). The RP2D of twice‐weekly SKd was selinexor 60 mg, carfilzomib 20/27 mg/m2 and dexamethasone 20 mg. The most common grade 3/4 treatment‐emergent adverse events included thrombocytopenia (71%), anaemia (33%), lymphopenia (33%), neutropenia (33%) and infections (24%). Rates of ≥minimal response, ≥partial response and very good partial response were 71%, 48% and 14%, respectively; similar response outcomes were observed for dual‐class refractory (PI and immunomodulatory drug)/quad‐exposed (carfilzomib, bortezomib, lenalidomide and pomalidomide) patients (n = 17), and patients refractory to carfilzomib in last line of therapy (n = 13). Median progression‐free survival was 3·7 months, and overall survival was 22·4 months in the overall population. SKd was tolerable and re‐established disease control in RRMM patients, including carfilzomib‐refractory patients.Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02199665)
Results of successive EORTC‐CLG 58 881 and 58 951 trials in paediatric T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL)
Authors: Hofmans Mattias , Suciu Stefan , Ferster Alina , Van Vlierberghe Pieter , Mazingue Françoise , Sirvent Nicolas , Costa Vitor , Yakouben Karima , Paillard Catherine , Uyttebroeck Anne , Plantaz Dominique , Plat Geneviève , Simon Pauline , Millot Frédéric , Poirée Marilyne , van der Werff ten Bosch Jutte , Piette Caroline , Minckes Odile , Rohrlich Pierre , Girard Sandrine , Cavé Hélène , Bertrand Yves , De Moerloose Barbara 
Published: May 2019

SummaryOutcomes in childhood T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T‐ALL) are steadily improving due to intensive therapy. Between 1989 and 2008, 599 children with newly diagnosed T‐ALL were enrolled in two successive European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer ‐ Children's Leukaemia Group trials (58881 and 58951), both based on the Berlin‐Frankfurt‐Munster protocol and without cranial irradiation. In the latter trial induction chemotherapy was intensified. The most important randomizations were Medac Escherichia coli asparaginase versus Erwinia asparaginase in trial 58881, and dexamethasone (6 mg/m2/day) versus prednisolone (60 mg/m2/day) and prolonged versus conventional asparaginase duration in trial 58951. 8‐year event‐free survival (EFS) increased from 65·1% to 74·0% in trial 58951. Improvement was most profound for patients with white blood cell (WBC) counts <100 × 109/l and “good responders” to prephase. Medac E. coli asparaginase was associated with longer EFS [hazard ratio (HR) 0·54, P = 0·0015] and overall survival (HR 0·51, P = 0·0018). Induction therapy with dexamethasone did not improve EFS compared to prednisolone. Remarkably, intensification of central nervous system (CNS)‐directed therapy in trial 58951 resulted in fewer bone marrow relapses, while the incidence of CNS relapses remained low. In summary, we showed that adequate asparaginase therapy, intensified induction treatment and intensification of CNS‐directed chemotherapy can result in an improvement of outcome in T‐ALL patients with good prephase response and initial WBC counts <100 × 109/l, representing approximately 50% of T‐ALL patients.
Utility of a routine bench cholangiogram for ex situ split liver procedure
Authors: Battula Narendra R. , Anbarasan Ravindar , Thumma Venumadhav , Perera M. Thamara P. R. , Muiesan Paolo , Isaac John R. , Sharif Khalid , Mirza Darius F. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundBiliary complications can result in a significant morbidity for split liver graft recipients. Biliary drainage for segment 1 and 4 is highly variable and could be the source of bile leaks. Use of a bench cholangiogram (BCH) can accurately define the segmental biliary system and identify any significant biliary radicles that need retention or repair during bench preparation of split grafts. This study evaluates the clinical relevance of routine BCH in split liver transplantation (SLT).MethodsRetrospective review of 100 BCH images performed during ex situ deceased donor SLT between January 2009 and January 2015. The radiographs were reviewed by two surgeons and the biliary anatomy was compared using Huang and Reichert classification.Results100 BCH images were reviewed. Variant anatomy was frequently identified in the intrahepatic bile duct system, the number and drainage patterns of segment 1&4 duct was diverse. BCH results guided the line of parenchymal transection to obtain a single segment 2&3 duct in 15 cases. A surgical intervention in the form of suture ligation of significant segment 1 or 4 duct at bench preparation was performed in 6 cases. BCH images guided surgical control of post‐operative bile leak in 3 patients.ConclusionBench cholangiogram is a useful tool to guide liver parenchymal transection and potentially reduce the incidence of biliary complications.
Glycaemic benefit of iGlarLixi in insulin‐naive type 2 diabetes patients with high HbA1c or those with inadequate glycaemic control on two oral antihyperglycaemic drugs in the LixiLan‐O randomized trial
Authors: Davies Melanie J. , Russell‐Jones David , Barber Thomas M. , Lavalle‐González Fernando J. , Galstyan Gagik R. , Zhu Dalong , Baxter Mike , Dessapt‐Baradez Cecile , McCrimmon Rory J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this post hoc analysis of the randomized controlled LixiLan‐O trial in insulin‐naive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) not controlled with metformin, with or without a second oral antihyperglycaemic drug (OAD), the efficacy and safety of the fixed‐ratio combination, iGlarLixi (insulin glargine 100 U [iGlar] and lixisenatide [Lixi]), compared to its individual components was assessed in two patient subgroups: group 1) baseline HbA1c ≥9% (n = 134); group 2) inadequate control (HbA1c ≥7.0% and ≤9.0%) despite administration of two OADs at screening (n = 725). Treatment with iGlarLixi resulted in significantly greater reduction in least squares mean HbA1c compared to treatment with iGlar or Lixi alone in both subgroups (group 1: 2.9%, 2.5%, 1.7% and group 2: 1.5%, 1.2%, 0.7%, respectively). Target HbA1c less than 7% was achieved in more than 70% of patients using iGlarLixi in both subgroups, while mitigating the weight gain observed with use of iGlar alone. Rates of hypoglycaemic events were low overall. These results suggest that treatment with iGlarLixi achieves superior glycaemic control compared to treatment with iGlar or Lixi alone in T2DM patients with HbA1c ≥9% or in those inadequately controlled with two OADs.
Psychosis risk stigma and help‐seeking: Attitudes of Chinese and Taiwanese residing in the United States
Authors: He Emily , Eldeeb Sherief Y. , Cardemil Esteban V. , Yang Lawrence H. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimIntervention during the clinical high‐risk phase for psychosis (CHR) can reduce duration of untreated psychosis and associated negative outcomes. Early treatment access and sustained engagement are important to understand for effective intervention. Understanding stigma and help‐seeking processes is particularly important for groups that experience mental healthcare disparities such as those of Chinese heritage living in the United States.MethodsChinese and Taiwanese participants (N = 215) residing in the United States were randomly assigned to one of three CHR vignette conditions based on the “what matters most” stigma framework for Chinese groups, which identifies capacities that define “personhood” and thereby shapes stigma for members of a particular cultural group. Participants completed measures of help‐seeking attitudes, family stigma and individual stigma.ResultsMore stigma towards the CHR vignette character's family was associated with positive CHR help‐seeking attitudes. Participants who read the vignette describing CHR affecting family obligations, “what matters most” and participants who read the vignette describing CHR symptomology only had more positive CHR help‐seeking attitudes compared to participants who read the vignette describing CHR affecting individual aspirations.ConclusionsChinese and Taiwanese residing in the United States may perceive professional mental healthcare to be especially relevant for persons with CHR when symptoms are particularly stigmatizing for the person's family and when symptoms threaten the person's ability to fulfil family obligations (ie, “what matters most”). Clinical implications of findings include the importance of emphasizing positive treatment outcomes that increase an individual's ability to engage in valued life domains.
The risk of recurrent stroke at 24 months in patients with symptomatic carotid near‐occlusion: results from CAOS, a multicentre registry study
Authors: García‐Pastor A. , Gil-Núñez A. , Ramírez‐Moreno J. M. , González‐Nafría N. , Tejada J. , Moniche F. , Portilla‐Cuenca J. C. , Martínez‐Sánchez P. , Fuentes B. , Gamero‐García M. Á. , Alonso de Leciñana M. , Masjuán J. , Cánovas‐Verge D. , Aladro Y. , Parkhutik V. , Lago‐Martín A. , de Arce‐Borda A. M. , Usero‐Ruíz M. , Delgado‐Mederos R. , Pampliega A. , Ximenez‐Carrillo Á. , Bártulos‐Iglesias M. , Castro‐Reyes E. ,   the Stroke Project of the Spanish Cerebrovascular Diseases Study Group
Published: May 2019

Background and purposeThe risk of recurrent stroke amongst patients with symptomatic carotid near‐occlusion (SCNO) has not been clearly established, and its management remains controversial. The aim was to define the 24‐month risk of recurrent stroke and to analyse the effect of the different treatment modalities (medical treatment and revascularization) in a population of patients with SCNO.MethodsA multicentre, nationwide, prospective study from January 2010 to May 2016 was performed. Patients with angiography‐confirmed SCNO were included. The primary end‐point was ipsilateral ischaemic stroke including periprocedural events within 24 months following the presenting event. Revascularization results and periprocedural complications, ipsilateral transient ischaemic attack, disabling or fatal stroke, and mortality were also noted.ResultsThe study population comprised 141 patients from 17 Spanish centres. Seventy patients (49.6%) were treated by revascularization (carotid stenting in 47, endarterectomy in 23). Complete revascularization was achieved in 58 patients (83%). Periprocedural stroke or death occurred in 5.7%. The 24‐month cumulative incidence of the primary end‐point was 11.1% (95% confidence interval 5.8–16.4; n = 15), 12% in the medical treatment group and 10.2% in the revascularization group, log‐rank P = 0.817. The cumulative rates of ipsilateral ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack, disabling or fatal stroke, and mortality, were 17%, 4.5% and 7.5%, respectively.ConclusionsThe rate of ipsilateral ischaemic stroke in patients with SCNO seems to be lower than the known rate associated with severe carotid stenosis without near‐occlusion. The potential benefit of revascularization in the prevention of stroke in patients with SCNO may be influenced by the effectiveness and safety of the procedure.
Making sense of müsadere practice, state confiscation of elite wealth, in the Ottoman Empire, circa 1453–1839
Authors: Arslantaş Yasin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis article surveys the historiography of müsadere, that is, state confiscation of elite wealth in the Ottoman Empire (circa 1453–1839) and offers a new approach to understand this practice. The existing literature has focused on its legality, functions, methods of enforcement, or economic consequences. The lack of such comprehensive analysis supported by archival data has led not only to some misconceptions but to a failure to locate it into the larger themes of Ottoman state formation. The article first presents a critical review of the historiography of müsadere, discussing these misconceptions stemming from negligence of three crucial elements of müsadere, that is, time‐specificity, selectivity, and flexibility. Then, it introduces a political economy approach, putting the practice of müsadere into the context of survival strategies of a state with relatively limited capacity. Finally, it connects the political economy approach with the debate on the nature of Ottoman governance. The aim of the article is to help students of Ottoman history to make better sense of one of the most important institutions of Ottoman political economy and the logic of governance and state formation in general.
Evaluation of the effects of different forms of periodontal diseases on quality of life with OHIP‐14 and SF‐36 questionnaires: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ustaoğlu Gülbahar , Göller Bulut Duygu , Gümüş Kerem Çağlar , Ankarali Handan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the effect of generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP), generalized chronic periodontitis (GCP) and gingivitis (G) on oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) with Oral Health Impact Profile‐14 (OHIP‐14) and Short Form‐36 (SF‐36) questionnaires.MethodsOne hundred GAP patients, 114 GCP and 109 G patients were included in the study. Age, gender, number of missing teeth, probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque index (PI) and clinical attachment level (CAL) of patients were recorded. The Turkish versions of OHIP‐14 and SF‐36 questionnaires were filled before any medication and dental treatment were approved. The one‐way ANOVA test was used to compare three groups.ResultsGeneralized aggressive periodontitis and GCP groups were similar to each other (P > 0.05) in most subscales except functional limitation and social disability of the OHIP‐14 questionnaire (P = 0.034 and P = 0.018, respectively); conversely, there was no statistically difference between GAP and G groups in functional limitation and social disability subscales (P = 0.856 and P = 0.242, respectively). GAP group gave higher scores than GCP group in all subscales of SF‐36 (P < 0.05). There was a negative correlation between OHIP‐14 and SF‐36 subscale scores in all groups.ConclusionStudy findings indicate that different forms of periodontal disease have different effects on quality of life of patients when measured by OHIP‐14 and SF‐36. Patients with GCP and GAP had poorer OHRQoL than G patients.
Structure, properties, and fabrication of calcium aluminate‐based glasses
Authors: Lin Yinan , Smedskjaer Morten M. , Mauro John C. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis review focuses on recent advances in the synthesis and characterization of calcium aluminate glasses and the effects of various ion additions/substitutions on the processing and properties of these glasses. Calcium aluminate‐based glasses are of great scientific and technological interest because of their extraordinary combination of broad spectral transparency, refractory nature, high mechanical stiffness and hardness, superior chemical durability, and low cost compared to glasses formed in many other families. Current obstacles for large‐scale manufacturing include high melting temperature and tendency for devitrification, which have so far received relatively little attention in the literature. The problem with devitrification can be partially mitigated through addition of certain oxides (MgO, GeO2, BaO, etc.) without severely impairing the optical transmission for applications as low‐loss optical materials. Suggestions for future research are also discussed, including improved understanding of composition‐structure‐property relationships, possible improvements of CaO‐Al2O3glass fiber fabrication, computational modeling to enable an improved glass‐forming ability, and detailed analysis of thermophysical properties for achieving the optimal composition without compromising performance.
Heat, wheat and CO2: The relevance of timing and the mode of temperature stress on biomass and yield
Authors: Högy Petra , Kottmann Lorenz , Schmid Iris , Fangmeier Andreas 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAtmospheric CO2 enrichment affects C3 crops both directly via increased carbon gain and improved water use efficiency and indirectly via higher temperatures and more frequent climatic extremes. Here we investigated the response of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Triso) to CO2 enrichment (550 vs. 380 µmol/mol) and heat, applied as a constant +4°C increase or a typical heat wave either before or after anthesis, or as two typical heat waves before and after anthesis. We applied a climate chamber approach closely mimicking ambient conditions. CO2 enrichment increased above‐ground biomass and yield by c. 7 and 10%, but was not able to compensate for adverse heat stress effects, neither before nor after anthesis, with few exceptions only. Yield depression due to heat stress was most severe when two heat waves were applied (−19%). This adverse effect was, however, compensated by CO2 enrichment. Applying heat stress before or after anthesis did not exert different effects on yield for both +4°C warming and heat wave application. However, +4°C depressed yield more than a heat wave at ambient CO2, but not so at elevated CO2. Thus, the interactive effects were complex and prediction of future wheat yield under CO2 enrichment and climate extremes deserves more attention.
Enhancing the salience of free speech rights increases differential perceived free speech protections for criminal acts against Black versus White targets
Authors: Roussos Gina , Dovidio John F. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHate crime charges offer enhanced sentences for prejudice‐motivated acts in recognition of the injury that extends beyond the victim to other members of the targeted group. The present study builds upon and extends previous work illuminating how anti‐Black prejudice influences application of free speech protections to justify criminal acts against Black (vs. White) targets, which subsequently reduces support for hate crime charges for the act by investigating the potential effects of environmental cues that increase the salience of free speech rights. The present work tested the main and interactive effects of act target (Black vs. White), anti‐Black prejudice, and the salience of freedom of speech on perceived free speech protections for a prejudice‐motivated criminal act and the consequent influence on support for hate crime charges. Replicating previous findings, greater anti‐Black prejudice predicted more perceived free speech protections for Black‐targeted acts, which predicted less support for hate crime charges. Low‐bias participants viewed Black‐ versus White‐targeted acts as less protected by free speech rights and more deserving of hate crime charges; high‐bias participants viewed the two acts similarly. Making the right to free speech (compared to protections from search and seizure) salient amplified differential perceptions of free speech protections based on prejudice and target group, which predicted support for hate crime charges. This work holds implications for justification processes and highlights the importance of studying culture‐specific values.
Same clinic, different conceptions: Drug users’ and healthcare professionals’ perceptions of how stigma may affect clinical care
Authors: Salamat Samantha , Hegarty Peter , Patton Robert 
Published: May 2019

AbstractStigma experienced by drug users by their healthcare professionals can be a barrier to treatment engagement, which in turn affects mortality and morbidity rates. Attribution theory suggests that stigma will be greatest whenever drug use is attributed to factors within personal control. Here, clients (n = 76) and healthcare professionals (n = 62) identified features that characterize good and bad clinical interactions, and responded to a vignette about a drug user who attributed his use to personal control or situational factors. Healthcare professionals completed the vignette and drug users gave their best guess of how healthcare professionals would react to this vignette. Clients and professionals held overlapping prototypes of clinical interactions. Clients overestimated both how negative healthcare professionals’ reactions would be, and the extent to which healthcare professionals’ reactions would accord with attribution theory. Despite healthcare professionals’ believing they are acting in nonstigmatizing ways, they may engender stigma in clinical situations more than they realize. Discrepancies between professionals’ hypothetical responses and clients’ anticipation of these responses are discussed in terms of the influence of self‐stigma and societal understandings of drug use and control. Attribution theory only offers a limited explanation for these discrepancies, because professionals’ beliefs about drug users are complex. Implications for theories of stigma and engagement with services are discussed, and the importance of clients’ anticipation of stigma is highlighted as a primary target for addressing treatment disengagement. Anti‐stigma campaigns may also benefit from changing their focus from individuals’ attributions to holistically addressing discrepant conceptions of treatment.
Comprehensive examination of the multilevel adverse risk and protective factors for cardiovascular disease among hypertensive African Americans
Authors: Schoenthaler Antoinette , Fei Kezhen , Ramos Michelle A. , Richardson Lynne D. , Ogedegbe Gbenga , Horowitz Carol R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis paper describes the multilevel factors that contribute to hypertension disparities in 2052 hypertensive African Americans (mean age 52.9 ± 9.9 years; 66.3% female) who participated in a clinical trial. At the family level, participants reported average levels of life chaos and high social support. However, at the individual level, participants exhibited several adverse clinical and behavioral factors including poor blood pressure control (45% of population), obesity (61%), medication non‐adherence (48%), smoking (32%), physical inactivity (45%), and poor diet (71%). While participants rated their provider as trustworthy, they reported high levels of discrimination in the health care system. Finally, community‐level data indicate that participants reside in areas characterized by poor socio‐economic and neighborhood conditions (eg, segregation). In the context of our trial, hypertensive African Americans exhibited several adverse risks and protective factors at multiple levels of influence. Future research should evaluate the impact of these factors on cardiovascular outcomes using a longitudinal design.