bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation and mathematical modeling of foam‐mat drying of Momordica charantia L. leaves
Authors: Negreiros Jéssica Kelly da Silva , Oliveira Bárbara Freire de , Sobrinho Maurício Alves da Motta , Cavalcante Josilene de Assis , Costa Nagel Alves , Santos Felipe Augusto 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to analyze the influence of operational parameters (foaming agent concentration, agitation time, and drying temperature) on the characteristics of the final product and the foam drying process of Momordica charantia L. leaves, in addition to performing mathematical modeling of the experimental data. The foam characteristic was most influenced by the foaming agent concentration, where the increase in this variable increased its stability, reaching the highest index of 0.9838 ± 0.0038. The drying process was best represented by the Page model, which presented the best adjustments to the experimental data and was significantly affected by the drying temperature, where the increase in this variable resulted in an increase in the drying rate, causing a reduction in the total drying time, with the shortest time obtained being 170 min. The product obtained was also more affected by the drying temperature, where the increase in this variable resulted in better preservation of the biochemical compounds of the material, presenting the highest phenolic compound content of 14,933.95 ± 135.97 mg EAG/g extract. The increase in temperature also reduced the moisture content and water activity of the product, with the lowest values obtained being 5.20 ± 0.60% and 0.25 ± 0.01, respectively, ensuring safe storage for the material.
Nutritional profiling of plant‐based meat alternatives and ground beef
Authors: Hernandez M. Sebastian , Coyle Katherine , Siebecker Matthew G. , Woerner Dale R. , Brooks J. Chance , Legako Jerrad F. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe objective of this study was to characterize the nutritional profile of plant‐based meat alternatives (PBMA) and ground beef (GB). Beyond Beef (BEY); Impossible Burger (IMP), a third available product of plant‐based protein, including SWEET EARTH, Incogmeato, Open Nature, and Good & Gather (GEN); and two lean levels of GB (regular [80%–85% lean, regular ground beef] and Lean [>93% lean, lean ground beef, LGB]) were purchased from retail stores across the United States. Proximate composition, mineral content, fatty acid profile, amino acid profile, and B‐vitamin content were measured in raw products. Generally, PBMA had increased ash content which coincided with increased mineral concentration compared to GB, namely sodium, calcium, and zinc (p < 0.05). Similar trends were observed for B‐vitamins. The fatty acid profile of IMP was primarily saturated due to lauric acid (12:0) and myristic acid (14:0) concentrations. Both BEY and GEN were highly unsaturated because of linoleic acid concentration (18:2n6). LGB possessed the greatest total amino acid concentration and total essential amino acid content (p < 0.05). Phenylalanine was increased in PBMA compared to GB (p < 0.05). Overall, these data show differences and similarities between the nutritional profile of PBMA and GB. However, the bioavailability of these nutrients and associated health outcomes, particularly in PBMA, require further investigation.
Auditor political connections and SEC oversight
Authors: Krishnan Jagan , Li Meng , Park Hyun Jong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe examine whether auditor political connections are associated with the SEC's oversight of audit clients. Specifically, we test whether auditors' political action committee contributions are associated with three SEC oversight actions: comment letters, investigations, and Accounting and Auditing Enforcement Releases (AAERs). Consistent with higher political connections inducing heightened scrutiny from the SEC, we find that the clients of auditors with higher political connections are more likely to receive comment letters and face SEC investigations. However, conditional on SEC investigation, we find no association between auditor political connections and the issuance of AAERs. We consider heightened attention from investors and analysts toward audit clients as one possible mechanism leading to increased SEC scrutiny because auditor political connections could be perceived as a red flag. Using EDGAR downloads and the number of earnings forecast revisions, we document evidence consistent with the existence of this mechanism. These findings add to our understanding of how auditor political connections could influence SEC oversight over audit clients.
Effect of screw placement order on range of proximal tibial fragment rotation adjustment and osteotomy gap formation when using manual reduction during tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO)
Authors: Tay LYC , Snelling SR 
Published: December 2024

AimTo determine the optimal first proximal screw position which permits proximal tibial fragment rotation adjustment while minimising osteotomy gap formation when a manual reduction technique is used for TPLO in dogs.MethodsTPLOs were performed on bone models using Synthes 3.5‐mm TPLO implants with a jig but without the use of an anti‐rotational pin. The osteotomy was held in manual reduction with pointed reduction forceps placed across the proximal tibial fragment while the first three screws were applied. The first two screws were placed in the non‐locking holes of the distal stem of the plate as per manufacturer's screw placement order guidelines. The third screw was placed in one of the three locking screw positions in the head of the plate, denoted as the ‘cranial’, ‘proximal’ and ‘caudal’ screw positions. After the first three screws were placed, the range of possible proximal tibial fragment rotation change (up to 6 mm in each direction) and the resultant cranial and caudal osteotomy gaps were measured.ResultsThe proximal screw position minimises cranial osteotomy gap formation with negative rotation changes to the proximal tibial fragment. The caudal screw position minimises caudal osteotomy gap formation with positive rotation changes to the proximal tibial fragment. Rotation change had a greater effect on cranial osteotomy gaps compared to caudal osteotomy gaps. The cranial screw position had the most limited osteotomy rotation change.ConclusionThe proximal screw position should be placed first in the head of the plate to allow proximal tibial fragment rotation adjustment while minimising osteotomy gap formation when using a manual reduction technique when performing a TPLO.
Influence of gut bile acid composition on the glucose‐lowering effect and safety of metformin
Authors: Yoon Deok Yong , Kim Jungeun , Cho Joo‐Youn , Chung Jae‐Yong 
Published: December 2024

AimsThis study evaluates how changes in intestinal bile acid composition, induced by cholestyramine, a bile acid sequestrant, affect metformin's pharmacodynamics (PD).MethodsAn open‐label, 2‐period 1‐sequence crossover study was conducted with healthy male adults. Each period consisted of both before and after metformin treatments. Cholestyramine was administered during the second period to change the bile acid pool. For, PD assessment, an oral glucose tolerance test was conducted at each treatment in both periods. Metformin was administered 3 times during each period, and cholestyramine was administered 3 times per day for 7 days during the second period. Maximum serum glucose concentration, area under the glucose concentration curve and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance were calculated. Baseline‐corrected PD parameters were derived by subtracting pre‐metformin values from post‐metformin values. Lipid and panels and bile acid profiles in stool were measured. Adverse events were monitored throughout the study.ResultsFourteen subjects completed the study. The mean values of 3 PD parameters were all decreased after metformin administration in both periods. Cholestyramine administration led to a further decrease in baseline‐corrected PD parameters, significantly reducing the area under the glucose concentration curve by 44.7%. Diarrhoea, the most common adverse event, was reported in 10 subjects during the metformin alone treatment and in 1 subject during the cholestyramine combined treatment (P < .01).ConclusionCholestyramine affected the glucose‐lowering effect of metformin by the possible change in the bile acid pool in the gut, and metformin‐associated diarrhoea was improved by cholestyramine.
BCPT perspectives on studies involving natural products, traditional Chinese medicine and systems pharmacology
Authors: Tveden‐Nyborg Pernille , Yang Baoxue , Simonsen Ulf , Lykkesfeldt Jens 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNatural products constitute a vast source of bioactive compounds with the potential of providing valuable insight for future medicines. However, from a pharmacological perspective, natural product studies are also often accompanied by serious limitations due to, for example, the complex nature of biological extracts, the challenge of reproducibly characterizing the extract and providing an exhaustive list of constituents and, consequently, the difficulties in linking the observed pharmacological effects to specific chemical entities. The present paper discusses the major challenges of studies with natural products and provides a guideline to be followed by authors submitting research findings involving data from natural products, and their derivatives, to Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology.
Outcomes of Lung Transplantation in Coal Workers Pneumoconiosis: Analysis of UNOS Database
Authors: Nandavaram Sravanthi , Mei Xiaonan , Khan Tahir , Faruqi Muhammad Asad , Fyffe Zachary , Keshavamurthy Suresh , Chandrashekaran Satish 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundCoal worker's pneumoconiosis (CWP) poses a significant burden on affected individuals and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Lung transplantation (LT) is the only effective treatment for this progressive and fatal lung disease. This study aims to evaluate the outcomes of patients who have undergone LT for primary diagnosis of CWP. MethodsThe Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (SRTR) data from the United Network of Organ Sharing (UNOS) was queried to identify recipients who underwent lung transplantation (LT) between May 2005 and June 2021 in the lung allocation score (LAS) era across all transplant centers reporting to SRTR. A comparison was conducted between baseline characteristics, perioperative variables, and post‐transplant outcomes of patients who underwent LT for CWP and those who received LT for other indications. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and multivariable Cox regression analysis were performed to assess graft and patient survival post LT.ResultsBetween May 2005 and June 2021, 158 patients underwent LT for CWP. Overall graft survival (Log‐rank p = 0.889) and patient survival (Log‐rank p = 0.910) were not significantly different between the two groups. CWP group was noted to have higher mean pulmonary artery pressures, LAS, need for prolonged intubation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) at 72 h and the need for dialysis at the time of discharge.ConclusionPatients who underwent LT for coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) had comparable post‐transplant outcomes to those with other diagnoses. Therefore, LT for CWP can be safely performed. It is crucial to recognize the severity of the illness and be aware of the potential challenges in the perioperative transplant course to effectively manage this population.
Neuronal activity features of the subthalamic nucleus associated with optimal deep brain stimulation electrode insertion path in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Zakharov Nikita , Belova Elena , Gamaleya Anna , Tomskiy Alexey , Sedov Alexey 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDeep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a standard treatment for advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). The precise positioning of the electrode can significantly influence the results of DBS and the overall improvement in the quality of life for PD patients receiving this therapy. We hypothesize that single unit activity (SUA) features can serve as a valid marker of the optimal DBS‐electrode insertion trajectory, leading to the most favorable outcome of STN‐DBS surgery. We analyzed spontaneous SUA data recorded during microelectrode recording (MER) for 21 patients with PD who underwent DBS surgery. We compared 29 linear and six nonlinear characteristics of the STN neural activity recorded along different microelectrode insertion paths to determine features corresponding to favorable stimulation outcomes. Our research indicated that the SUA features of pause neurons in a dorsal STN region significantly affected stimulation outcomes. For the trajectories chosen for lead insertion, firing rate, burst rate and oscillatory activity at 8–12 and 12–20 bands were significantly decreased. Moreover, nonlinear feature analysis showed a significant increase in mutual information for the chosen trajectories. Our findings highlight the significance of specific indicators, such as the activity of pause neurons in the dorsal region and numerous linear SUA characteristics, in determining the optimal lead installation trajectory. Furthermore, our findings emphasize the importance of investigating paths rejected during test stimulation to understand motor impairment in Parkinson's disease and its treatment mechanisms.
Translingual Practice as a Communicative Resource in the Discourse of Foreign Language Teaching Researchers
Authors: Bilginer Hayriye , Rathert Stefan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis paper reports on a self‐examination of two researchers’ translingual practices while working on a study. The researchers’ translingual practice emerged in the cross‐cutting area of different factors: The first author (Hayriye) was born to Turkish parents and grew up in Germany until the age of 19 before moving to Turkey. Living in Turkey for 32 years, Turkish became her dominant language. The second author (Stefan) is a German native speaker who had lived in Turkey for 22 years. He had acquired Turkish in Turkey without receiving formal instruction. The research site was a Turkish state university. Hayriye was assistant professor in the department of German language and literature, Stefan assistant professor in the English language teaching department. This paper's results are based on the discourse Hayriye and Stefan had while analyzing two German as a foreign language coursebooks. The transcribed discourse was analyzed using code‐switching as the theoretical framework to identify juxtapositions of the three languages used by the researchers (German, Turkish and English), language frequencies and directions as well as syntactic integration, thereby detecting patterns in the researchers’ translingual practices. Also, conversation analysis was employed to identify functions of code‐switches. The results show distinct patterns of each speaker and identified functions that document how language alternation serves as a communicative resource to co‐construct knowledge. Besides, instances of translingual practices can be connected to specific factors of the discourse context, and evidence is provided for multilingual speakers’ awareness of languages as separable systems.
Rationale, objectives and design of a national prospective database for idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: the Australian Myositis Registry
Authors: Parker Matthew J. S. , Kim Paul S. W. , Beer Kelly , Panniker Annik , Fong Genevieve , Needham Merrilee 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundIdiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) are a group of autoimmune diseases characterised by inflammation of skeletal muscle and other organ systems. They have high morbidity and mortality but, in part because of their rarity and heterogeneity, improving understanding and outcomes remains challenging. To address these problems, numerous IIM registries exist globally, but no national registry yet exists in Australia.AimsThe Australian Myositis Registry (AMR) is a national prospective cohort database designed to record clinical, laboratory and patient‐experience data of Australian IIM patients with the potential for wide‐reaching research impact.MethodsThe AMR was built on the Research Electronic Data Capture secure database system. An extensive set of data fields informed by a contemporary understanding of IIM pathogenesis and clinically relevant features are available to help capture the full breadth of disease phenotype and treatment. Data fields include current classification criteria, all currently available autoantibodies and the internationally accepted core set measures. After an extended period of design, collaboration and review, the AMR launched in 2023 across two sites in New South Wales and Western Australia. The AMR is seeking to expand with more sites across Australia.ResultsAs of August 2024, 170 participants are enrolled.ConclusionsThe AMR is the first nationwide registry in Australia for patients with IIMs and one of the very few national registries for IIMs globally. It aims to provide valuable insight into the epidemiology and clinical experience of IIMs in Australia to help address multiple research agendas.
Do Facial Masks Impact Infants' Joint Attention? A Within‐Participant Laboratory Study
Authors: Wermelinger Stephanie , Moersdorf Lea , Baldenweg Charlotte , Daum Moritz M. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, children were repeatedly confronted with people wearing facial masks. Little is known, however, about how this affected young children's interactions with their caregivers. This preregistered experimental within‐participants study explored whether facial masks influence young children's initiation and response to joint attention. Using two structured tasks and one free‐play task, we measured joint attention episodes in interactions of 12‐ to 15‐month‐old Swiss infants with one of their caregivers during the pandemic. In one experimental condition, the caregivers wore a facial mask; in the other, they did not. The results show no significant differences in infants' joint attention between the two conditions. Infants may have interacted with their caregivers wearing facial masks enough previously not to be influenced by masks; alternatively, even with a partially covered face, a person provides enough information via eyes and other body parts that help infants to guide their attention.
Rapid and Safe Neutralization Assay for Circulating H5N1 Influenza Virus in Dairy Cows
Authors: Miyakawa Kei , Ota Makoto , Sano Kaori , Momose Fumitaka , Okura Takashi , Kishida Noriko , Arita Tomoko , Suzuki Yasushi , Shirakura Masayuki , Asanuma Hideki , Watanabe Shinji , Ryo Akihide , Hasegawa Hideki 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTRapid and safe neutralization assays are required for highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses, including a clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 subtype recently found in cows. Here, we report a neutralization assay using luminescent virus‐like particles. This assay has lower biosafety requirements and provides a larger dynamic range than conventional methods. We applied this technique to evaluate the cross‐reactivity of neutralizing antibodies induced by clade 2.3.4.4b candidate vaccine viruses (CVVs) with the cow‐derived H5N1 virus. Our findings indicate that these CVVs share antigenic characteristics with the cow‐derived H5N1 virus, suggesting the potential efficacy of vaccines developed using these CVVs.
Impact of structural changes of Ge–Sb–Se chalcogenide glasses on their acousto‐optic properties
Authors: Jin Lijia , Liu Hongjun , Zhu Chaojun , Jiang Lingling , Wu Wei , Wu Zhongchao , Chen Feifei , Gao Chengwei , Dai Shixun , Lin Changgui 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAcousto‐optic (AO) devices are known for their high parallel processing capabilities and efficient transduction, essential for real‐time processing systems. As a vital AO medium, chalcogenide glasses exhibit high AO figures of merit (M2), yet high M2 is often coupled with high acoustic attenuation (α). Thus, to obtain the trade‐off between M2 and α, a series of xGeSe2−(100−x)Sb2Se3 (40 ≤ x ≤ 85) is investigated for their AO properties. When GeSe2 content reaches 50%, a stable network of [GeSe4] and [Se2Sb–Se–SbSe2] units forms, minimizing energy loss and α while maintaining a high M2. Compared with conventional AO materials, this composition achieves an exceptional equilibrium between high M2 and reduced α, offering a distinct advantage in optimizing performance. This unique composition balance provides valuable insights for developing advanced chalcogenide glasses in AO applications.
Abnormal shrinkage behavior and sintering mechanism of alumina nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Dangqiang , Li Jun , Liu Lisheng , Mei Hai , Zhang Jinyong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHigh temperature and ultrafast heating rate, the characteristics of ultrafast high‐temperature sintering (UHS) process, make it difficult to capture the evolution of sintering behavior and explore sintering mechanism of alumina ceramics. In this study, molecular dynamic simulations are adopted to describe the sintering behaviors of equal‐sized and unequal‐sized alumina nanoparticles, particularly about shrinkage behaviors, microstructure evolution and atomic migration. Results show that high temperature and ultrafast heating rate can yield two different abnormal shrinkage behaviors, accelerating the polymerization of the nanoparticles. The main mechanism for this phenomenon is that high temperature causes the amorphization of crystal structure of nanoparticles, and ultrafast heating rates retain larger sintering driving forces at high temperatures, leading to the reduction of diffusion activation entropy and migration barriers. In particular, the appearance of viscous flow further enhances the shrinkage of the nanoparticles. In addition, surface diffusion is found to dominate the growth of sintering neck during this period. These findings are expected to deepen the understanding of ultrafast high‐temperature sintering mechanism.