bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deciphering the anti-Parkinson’s activity of sulphated polysaccharides from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii on the α-Synuclein mutants A30P, A53T, E46K, E57K and E35K
Authors: Panigrahi Gitanjali P , Rane Ankita R , Vavilala Sirisha L , Choudhary Sinjan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractParkinsonism-linked mutations in alanine and glutamic acid residues of the pre-synaptic protein α-Synuclein (α-Syn) affect specific tertiary interactions essential for stability of the native state and make it prone to more aggregation. Many of the currently available drugs used for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD) are not very effective and are associated with multiple side effects. Recently, marine algae have been reported to have sulphated polysaccharides which offers multiple pharmaceutical properties. With this background, we have isolated sulphated polysaccharides from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Cr-SPs) and investigated their effects on inhibition of fibrillation/aggregation of α-Syn mutants through a combination of spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The kinetics of α-Syn fibrillation establishes that Cr-SPs are very effective in inhibiting fibrillation of α-Syn mutants. The morphological changes associated with the fibrillation/aggregation process have been monitored by transmission electron microscopy. Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gel image suggests that Cr-SPs increase the amount of soluble protein after completion of the fibrillation/aggregation process. The circular dichroism results showed that Cr-SPs efficiently delay the conversion of native protein into β-sheet-rich structures. Thus, the current work has considerable therapeutic implications towards deciphering the potential of Cr-SPs to act against PD and other protein aggregation-related disorders.
Host providers may be subject to obligations resulting in content removal on a worldwide basis, says AG Szpunar
Authors: Harvey Riana E 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Opinion of Advocate General Maciej Szpunar in Case C-18/18 Eva Glawischnig-Piesczek v Facebook Ireland Limited, EU:C:2019:458
Advocate General (AG) Szpunar advised the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) to rule that Facebook can be ordered to seek and identify: (i) identical information found to be illegal in relation to all content disseminated on its platform and (ii) equivalent information where this originate from the same user; such order can result in a hosting provider being required to remove information worldwide in certain situations.
Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws
Authors: Migliorati Cesar A , Brennan Michael T , Peterson Douglas E 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMedication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw is an oral complication in cancer patients being treated with either antiresorptive or antiangiogenic drugs. The first reports of MRONJ were published in 2003. Hundreds of manuscripts have been published in the medical and dental literature describing the complication, clinical and radiographic signs and symptoms, possible pathophysiology, and management. Despite this extensive literature, the pathobiological mechanisms by which medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw develops have not yet been fully delineated. The aim of this manuscript is to present current knowledge about the complication ragarding to the definition, known risk factors, and clinical management recommendations. Based on this current state of the science, we also propose research directions that have potential to enhance the management of future oncology patients who are receiving these agents.
Gas in gallbladder—gallstone ileus?
Authors: Gan Siang Wei , Rosli Reizal Mohd , Kiroff George , Rana Abdullah Muhammad , Tonkin Darren 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Gallstone ileus is an uncommon presentation among acute surgical patients. Its diagnosis is often delayed due to its non-specific clinical presentation. We report the case of an 81-year-old gentleman with a 2-day history of small bowel obstruction (SBO). He had a history of gallstone disease and no past surgical history. Plain abdominal radiography was consistent with SBO. A computed tomography (CT) abdomen scan would be warranted given the presentation of SBO in a virgin abdomen. However, this case emphasizes the importance of early CT imaging in a case of suspected gallstone ileus given that the diagnosis could not be made on plain abdominal radiography. CT abdomen is superior in detecting small amounts of gas and at discriminating soft tissue density.
Adrenalectomy for huge solid pheochromocytoma: a challenging surgery or piece of cake?
Authors: Labib Mahmoud , Ismail Asmaa , Elmansy Hazem , Shahrour Walid , Prowse Owen , Kotb Ahmed 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Pheochromocytoma (PCC) is an uncommon adrenal tumor that is occasionally diagnosed during the work up for patients with uncontrolled hypertension. Treatment of PCC is mainly surgical. This case represents the largest PCC reported to date, which was safely removed.
NGC 300 ULX1: spin evolution, super-Eddington accretion, and outflows
Authors: Vasilopoulos G , Petropoulou M , Koliopanos F , Ray P S , Bailyn C B , Haberl F , Gendreau K 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
NGC 300 ULX1 is an ultraluminous X-ray pulsar, showing an unprecedented spin evolution, from about 126 s to less than 20 s in only 4 yr, consistent with steady mass accretion rate. Following its discovery we have been monitoring the system with Swift and NICER to further study its properties. We found that even though the observed flux of the system dropped by a factor of ≳20, the spin-up rate remained almost constant. A possible explanation is that the decrease in the observed flux is a result of increased absorption of obscuring material due to outflows or a precessing accretion disc.
Narrow, intrinsic C iv absorption in quasars as it relates to outflows, orientation, and radio properties
Authors: Stone Robert B , Richards Gordon T 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This work provides evidence that a large fraction of C iv narrow absorption lines (NALs) seen along the line of sight to distant quasars are due to accretion disc winds, while also seeking to understand the relationship between NALs and certain quasar-intrinsic properties. We extend the results from past work in the literature using ${\sim}105\, 000$ NALs from a sample of ${\sim}58\, 000$ SDSS quasars. The primary results of this work are summarized as follows: (1) the velocity distribution (dN/dβ) of NALs is not a function of radio loudness (or even detection) once marginalized by optical/UV luminosity; (2) there are significant differences in the number and distribution of NALs as a function of both radio spectral index and optical/UV luminosity, and these two findings are not entirely interdependent; (3) improvements in quasar systemic redshift measurements and differences in the NAL distribution as a combined function of optical luminosity and radio spectral index together provide evidence that a significant portion of NALs are due to outflows; (4) the results are consistent with standard models of accretion disc winds governed by the LUV–αox relationship and line-of-sight orientation indicated by radio spectral index, and (5) possibly support a magnetically arrested disc model as an explanation for the semistochastic nature of strong radio emission in a fraction of quasars.
Constraints on chameleon f(R)-gravity from galaxy rotation curves of the SPARC sample
Authors: Naik Aneesh P , Puchwein Ewald , Davis Anne-Christine , Sijacki Debora , Desmond Harry 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
In chameleon f(R)-gravity, the fifth force will lead to ‘upturns’ in galaxy rotation curves near the screening radius. The location of the upturn depends on the cosmic background value of the scalar field $\bar{f}_\mathrm{R0}$, as well as the mass, size, and environment of the galaxy. We search for this signature of modified gravity in the SPARC sample of measured rotation curves, using an MCMC technique to derive constraints on $\bar{f}_\mathrm{R0}$. Assuming NFW dark matter haloes and with $\bar{f}_\mathrm{R0}$ freely varying for each galaxy, most galaxies prefer f(R) gravity to ΛCDM, but there is a large spread of inferred $\bar{f}_\mathrm{R0}$ values, inconsistent with a single global value. Requiring instead a consistent $\bar{f}_\mathrm{R0}$ value for the whole sample, models with $\log _{10}|\bar{f}_\mathrm{R0}|\gt -6.1$ are excluded. On the other hand, models in the range $-7.5\lt \log _{10}|\bar{f}_\mathrm{R0}|\lt -6.5$ seem to be favoured with respect to ΛCDM, with a significant peak at −7. However, this signal is largely a result of galaxies for which the f(R) signal is degenerate with the core/cusp problem, and when the NFW profile is replaced with a cored halo profile, ΛCDM gives better fits than any given f(R) model. Thus, we find no convincing evidence of f(R) gravity down to the level of $|\bar{f}_\mathrm{R0}|\sim 6 \times 10^{-8}$, with the caveat that if cored halo density profiles cannot ultimately be explained within ΛCDM, a screened modified gravity theory could possibly provide an alternative solution for the core/cusp problem. However, the f(R) models studied here fall short of achieving this.
Power spectrum modelling of galaxy and radio intensity maps including observational effects
Authors: Blake Chris 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Fluctuations in the large-scale structure of the Universe contain significant information about cosmological physics, but are modulated in survey data sets by various observational effects. Building on existing literature, we provide a general treatment of how fluctuation power spectra are modified by a position-dependent selection function, noise, weighting, smoothing, pixelization, and discretization. Our work has relevance for the spatial power spectrum analysis of galaxy surveys with spectroscopic or accurate photometric redshifts, and radio intensity-mapping surveys of the sky brightness temperature including generic noise, telescope beams, and pixelization. We consider the autopower spectrum of a field, the cross-power spectrum between two fields and the multipoles of these power spectra with respect to a curved sky, deriving the corresponding power spectrum models, estimators, errors, and optimal weights. We note that ‘FKP weights’ for individual tracers do not in general provide the optimal weights when measuring the cross-power spectrum. We validate our models using mock data sets drawn fromN-body simulations.1 Our treatment should be useful for modelling and studying cosmological fluctuation fields in observed and simulated data sets.
Laser-driven programmable non-contact transfer printing of objects onto arbitrary receivers via an active elastomeric microstructured stamp
Authors: Luo Hongyu , Wang Chengjun , Linghu Changhong , Yu Kaixin , Wang Chao , Song Jizhou 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Transfer printing, as an important assembly technique, has attracted much attention due to its valuable merits to develop novel forms of electronics such as stretchable inorganic electronics requiring the heterogeneous integration of inorganic materials with soft elastomers. Here, we report on a laser-driven programmable non-contact transfer printing technique via a simple yet robust design of active elastomeric microstructured stamp that features cavities filled with air and embedded under the contacting surface, a micro-patterned surface membrane that encapsulates the air cavities and a metal layer on the inner-cavity surfaces serving as the laser-absorbing layer. The micro-patterned surface membrane can be inflated dynamically to control the interfacial adhesion, which can be switched from strong state to weak state by more than three orders of magnitude by local laser heating of the air in the cavity with a temperature increase below 100°C. Theoretical and experimental studies reveal the fundamental aspects of the design and fabrication of the active elastomeric microstructured stamp and the operation of non-contact transfer printing. Demonstrations in the programmable transfer printing of micro-scale silicon platelets and micro-scale LED chips onto various challenging receivers illustrate the extraordinary capabilities for deterministic assembly that are difficult to address by existing printing schemes, thereby creating engineering opportunities in areas requiring the heterogeneous integration of diverse materials such as curvilinear electronics and MicroLED displays.
Flow Diversion of an Incompletely-Treated Fusiform Middle Cerebral Artery Aneurysm: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Sorenson Thomas J , Klein Jon P , Rangel-Castilla Leonardo , Lanzino Giuseppe 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Fusiform aneurysms involving the M2 branches of the middle cerebral artery are often dissecting, identified by a characteristic diseased adjacent segment, and location not at a branch point. Herein, we present the case of a 38-yr-old man with a symptomatic, dissecting M2 aneurysm that was previously incompletely treated with stent-assisted coiling. In our experience, symptomatic fusiform aneurysms in this location tend to recur unless the involved segment is completely trapped or reconstructed with flow diversion. We successfully treated this patient with a vessel reconstruction using a Pipeline Flex Embolization Device (Medtronic). Deployment of a flow diverter inside a previously placed stent can pose potential challenges, as the original stent may constrain complete expansion of the flow diverter and prevent perfect apposition against the parent vessel wall. In this operative video, we demonstrate this technique and provide a brief discussion of the potential pitfalls.
Order Cancellations, Fees, and Execution Quality in U.S. Equity Options
Authors: Griffith Todd G , Van Ness Robert A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We examine the effects of an order cancellation fee on limit order flow and execution quality in the PHLX options market. The cancellation fee on professional order flow effectively reduces the rate at which limit orders are canceled. Whereas the cancellation fee discourages the submission of nonmarketable orders, it encourages the submission of marketable orders. Consequently, nonmarketable order fill rates increase; marketable order fill speeds decrease; and bid-ask spreads widen. We also find slight increases in both dollar volume and market share. (JEL G11, G14, G18)
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Equity as a nest: the principle-based secret trusts
Authors: Leung Samuel Yee Ching 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The fraud theory and the dehors the will theory are generally considered as the starting points for analysing secret trusts. However, both theories have been severely criticised. This article argues that the fraud theory is defensible from a jurisprudential perspective and should be preferred. Had a ‘principle-based’ approach been adopted in the analysis, secret trusts can indeed be justified on the basis of a legal principle—‘the prevention of fraud’—so that the dehors the will theory is unnecessary. The ‘principle-based’ approach should be distinguished from the ‘rule-based’ approach which is suitable for the analysis of statutes. The ‘principle-based’ approach can also reconcile fully-secret trusts and half-secret trusts.
Suramin could block the activity of Arabinono-1, 4-lactone oxidase enzyme from Leishmania donovani: structure-based screening and molecular dynamics analyses
Authors: Adinehbeigi Keivan , Shaddel Minoo , Khalili Saeed , Zakeri Alireza 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundLeishmania donovani, a parasitic protozoan causing visceral leishmaniasis, can lead to a dangerous and often fatal disease in humans. Current treatment for leishmaniasis may have severe side effects, low efficacy and high cost, hence an immediate need for new efficient drugs is essential. Arabinono-1, 4-lactone oxidase enzyme from Leishmania donovani (LdALO), which catalyzes the last step of the ascorbate biosynthesis pathway, has been considered as a potential target for antileishmanial drugs design.MethodsThe current study was performed with an in silico approach to predict novel inhibitory molecules against the LdALO enzyme. Various modeling and refinement processes were employed to obtain a reliable 3D structure.ResultsThe best LdALO model with the highest qualitative model energy analysis score was predicted by the Robetta server and subsequently refined by 3D refine and ModLoop servers. The high quality of the final LdALO model was confirmed using model assessment software. Based on docking analysis results, we predicted 10 inhibitory molecules of a US Food and Drug Administration-approved library, with appropriate criteria regarding energy binding and interaction with the main functionally active sites of LdALO, indicating that they could be significant targets for further drug design investigations against L. donovani.ConclusionSuramin is used to treat the first stage of African sleeping sickness and its mechanism of action is unknown. Our results showed that suramin was the best-predicted inhibitor compound for LdALO enzyme activity.
Validation of Serum Neurofilaments as Prognostic & Potential Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers for ALS
Authors: Benatar Michael , Zhang Lanyu , Wang Lily , Granit Volkan , Statland Jeffrey , Barohn Richard , Swenson Andrea , Ravits John , Jackson Carlayne , Burns Ted M , Trivedi Jaya , Pioro Erik P , Caress James , Katz Jonathan , McCauley Jacob L , Rademakers Rosa , Malaspina Andrea , Ostrow Lyle W , Wuu Joanne 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveIdentify preferred neurofilament assays, and clinically validate serum NfL and pNfH as prognostic and potential pharmacodynamic biomarkers relevant to ALS therapy development.MethodsProspective, multi-center, longitudinal observational study of patients with ALS (n=229), primary lateral sclerosis (PLS, n=20) and progressive muscular atrophy (PMA, n=11). Biological specimens were collected, processed and stored according to strict standard operating procedures (SOPs)1. Neurofilament assays were performed in a blinded manner by independent contract research organizations (CROs).ResultsFor serum NfL and pNfH measured using the Simoa assay, missing data (i.e. both technical replicates below the lower limit of detection (LLD) was not encountered. For the Iron Horse and Euroimmun pNfH assays, such missingness was encountered in ∼4% and ∼10% of serum samples respectively. Mean coefficients of variation (CVs) for pNfH in serum and CSF were ∼4-5% and ∼2-3% respectively in all assays. Baseline NfL concentration, but not pNfH, predicted the future ALSFRS-R slope and survival.Incorporation of baseline serum NfL into mixed effects models of ALSFRS-R slopes yields an estimated sample size saving of ∼8%. Depending on the method used to estimate effect size, use of serum NfL (and perhaps pNfH) as pharmacodynamic biomarkers, instead of the ALSFRS-R slope, yields significantly larger sample size savings.ConclusionsSerum NfL may be considered a clinically validated prognostic biomarker for ALS. Serum NfL (and perhaps pNfH), quantified using the Simoa assay, have potential utility as pharmacodynamic biomarkers of treatment effect.
A phenome-wide analysis of short- and long-run disease incidence following Recurrent Pregnancy Loss using data from a 39-year period
Authors: Westergaard David , Nielsen Anna Pors , Mortensen Laust Hvas , Nielsen Henriette Svarre , Brunak Søren 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundPregnancy loss is one of the most frequent pregnancy complications. It is unclear how recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) impacts disease risk later in life and if later disease risk is different in women with or without a live birth prior to RPL (primary vs. secondary RPL). We sought to investigate if women have an increased risk of disease following RPL, and if there was a difference between primary and secondary RPL.MethodsUsing population-wide health care registry databases from Denmark we identified a cohort of 1,370,896 women between 12 and 40 years in the period January 1, 1977, to October 5, 2016 who had been pregnant. Each woman was followed on average for 15.8 years. Of these, 10,691 (0.77%) women fulfilled the criteria for RPL (50.0% had primary RPL). Relative Risk Ratios (RR) were calculated in a phenome-wide manner for diagnoses with a cumulative incidence proportion >0.1% in women with RPL. Diagnoses related to assessment and diagnosis of RPL and those appearing later in life were separated using a Mixture Model.ResultsIn the full cohort of pregnant women, 0.77% (10,691) fulfilled the criteria for RPL (50.0% primary RPL). Compared to women without RPL, primary RPL increased the risk of subsequent cardiovascular disorders, including atherosclerosis (RR=2.45, 1.65-3.51 95% Uncertainty Interval (UI)), cerebral infarction (RR=1.87, 1.43-2.4 95% UI), heart failure (RR=1.97, 1.44-2.63 95% UI), and pulmonary embolism (RR=1.82, 1.32-2.46 95% UI). Women with secondary RPL had an increased risk of obstetric complications, e.g. placenta previa (RR=3.76, 2.9-4.8 95% UI), premature rupture of membrane (RR=2.55, 2.21-2.91 95% UI), intrapartum hemorrhage (RR=2.8, 1.77-4.31 95% UI), gestational hypertension (RR=2.2, 1.67-2.87 95% UI), and puerperal sepsis (RR=2.54, 1.8-3.5 95% UI). We also noticed associations to autoimmune, respiratory, gastro-intestinal and mental disorders in both subtypes.ConclusionOur findings show that RPL is a risk factor for a spectrum of disorders. This can in part be due to increased screening following RPL, but it also suggests that RPL may directly influence or share etiology with a number of diseases later in life. Research into the pathophysiology of both pregnancy loss and later diseases merits further investigation.
Role of miRNAs induced by oxidized low-density lipoproteins in coronary artery disease: the REGICOR Study
Authors: Dégano IR , Subirana I , García-Mateo N , Cidad P , Muñoz-Aguado D , Puigdecanet E , Nonell L , Vila J , Camps A , Crepaldi F , de Gonzalo-Calvo D , Llorente-Cortés Vc , Pérez-García MT , Elosua R , Fitó M , Marrugat J 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimsCurrent risk prediction tools are not accurate enough to identify most individuals at high coronary risk. On the other hand, oxidized low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDLs) and miRNAs are actively involved in atherosclerosis. Our aim was to examine the association of ox-LDL-induced miRNAs with coronary artery disease (CAD), and to assess their predictive capacity of future CAD.Methods and resultsHuman endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells were treated with oxidized or native LDLs (nLDL), and their miRNA expression was measured with the miRNA 4.0 array, and analyzed with moderated t-tests. Differently expressed miRNAs and others known to be associated with CAD, were examined in serum samples of 500 acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients and 500 healthy controls, and baseline serum of 117 incident CAD cases and c 485 randomly-selected cohort participants (case-cohort). Both were developed within the REGICOR AMI Registry and population cohorts from Girona. miRNAs expression in serum was measured with custom OpenArray plates, and analyzed with fold change (age and sex-paired case-control) and survival models (case-cohort). Improvement in discrimination and reclassification by miRNAs was assessed. Twenty-one miRNAs were up- or down-regulated with ox-LDL in cell cultures. One of them, 1 (has-miR-122-5p, fold change=4.85) was upregulated in AMI cases. Of the 28 known CAD-associated miRNAs, 11 were upregulated in AMI cases, and 1 (hsa-miR-143-3p, hazard ratio=0.56 [0.38-0.82]) was associated with CAD incidence and improved reclassification.ConclusionWe identified 2 novel miRNAs associated with ox-LDLs (hsa-miR-193b-5p and hsa-miR-1229-5p), and 1 miRNA that improved reclassification of healthy individuals (hsa-miR-143-3p).