bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Etiology of out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest in psychiatric patients: Chart review
Authors: Ishida Takuto , Miyazaki Kazuki , Yukawa Takahiro , Yamagishi Toshinobu , Sugiyama Kazuhiro , Tanabe Takahiro , Hamabe Yuichi , Mimura Masaru , Suzuki Takefumi , Uchida Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2018

AimAlthough sudden cardiac deaths are more common in psychiatric patients than the general population, data on their causes are very limited. The aim of this study was to investigate initial rhythms and causes of out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in patients with psychiatric disorders.MethodsWe conducted a systematic chart review of patients resuscitated after OHCA and hospitalized in the Tertiary Emergency Medical Center of Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital in Japan between January 2010 and December 2017. The initial rhythms and causes of OHCA were compared between psychiatric patients and non‐psychiatric patients. Parameters of interest were compared using chi‐squared test, Fisher's exact test, or the Mann–Whitney U‐test, as appropriate.ResultsA total of 49 psychiatric and 600 non‐psychiatric patients were eligible for this study. Fatal but shockable arrhythmias (i.e. ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia) were less frequently observed as initial rhythms in patients with psychiatric disorders than the others (22.4% vs 49.7%, P < 0.001). Cardiac origin was less common as the cause of OHCA (26.5% vs 58.5%, P < 0.01), while airway obstruction and pulmonary embolism were more frequent in psychiatric versus non‐psychiatric patients (24.5% vs 6.5%, P < 0.01; and 12.2% vs 1.5%, P < 0.01, respectively). The results were similar when psychiatric patients were compared with sex‐ and age‐matched controls selected from the non‐psychiatric patient group.ConclusionAlthough fatal arrhythmias may be less common, non‐cardiac causes such as pulmonary embolism and airway obstruction need to be treated with high clinical suspicion in an event of sudden cardiac arrest in psychiatric patients.
Heritability and familiality of psychopathologic dimensions in Korean families with schizophrenia
Authors: Suh Hwagyu , Lee Byung Dae , Park Je Min , Lee Young Min , Moon Eunsoo , Jeong Hee Jeong , Kim Soo Yeon , Lee Kang Yoon , Chung Young In 
Published: December 2018

AimCategorical syndromes such as schizophrenia could be a combination of many continuous mental structure phenotypes including several personality development/degeneration dimensions. This study investigated the heritability and familiality of symptom check list (SCL) psychopathologic dimensions in Korean schizophrenia linkage disequilibrium families.MethodWe recruited 204 probands (with schizophrenia) with their parents and siblings whenever possible. We used the SCL questionnaire to measure psychopathologic dimensions. The heritability of symptomatic dimensions in 543 family members was estimated using Sequential Oligogenic Linkage Analysis Routines (SOLAR). Psychopathologic dimensions in the 543 family members were compared with those in 307 healthy unrelated controls to measure familiality on using analysis of variance (ANOVA) analysis.ResultsFive of the nine SCL variables were significantly heritable and were included in the subsequent analyses. The three groups (control, unaffected first‐degree relative, schizophrenia patient) were found to be significantly different with regard to the expected order of average group scores for all heritable dimensions.ConclusionAberrations in several symptomatic dimensions could contribute to the complexity of schizophrenia syndrome as a result of genetic–environment coaction or interaction in spite of some limitations (recruited family, phenotyping).
The sediment‐fill of Pago Pago Bay (Tutuila Island, American Samoa): New insights on the sediment record of past tsunamis
Authors: Riou Brieuc , Chaumillon Eric , Schneider Jean‐Luc , Corrège Thierry , Chagué Catherine 
Published: December 2018

AbstractExtensive bathymetric and two‐dimensional seismic surveys have been carried out and cores collected in Pago Pago Bay (Tutuila, American Samoa) in order to describe and gain a better understanding of the sediment fill of the bay, which was affected by the 2009 South Pacific Tsunami. Eight sedimentary units were identified over the volcanic bedrock. The basal transgressive unit displays retrograding onlaps towards the shore, whereas the overlying seven aggradational layers alternate between four draping units and three pinching out seaward units. ‘Core to seismic’ correlation reveals that draping units are composed of homogeneous silts, while pinching out units are dominated by very coarse coral fragments showing fresh cuts, mixed with Halimeda plates. The basal unit is attributed to transgressive sedimentation in response to flooding of the bay after the last glacial maximum, followed by the upper aggradational units corresponding to highstand sedimentation. The changeovers in these upper units indicate an alternation between low‐energy silt units and high‐energy coral debris units interpreted as tsunami‐induced deposits. The 14C dating reveals that high‐energy sedimentation units can last up to approximately 2000 years while low‐energy sedimentation units can last up to approximately 1000 years. This alternation, deposited during the last highstand, may be explained by cycles of tectonic activity and quiescence of the Tonga Trench subduction, which is the main source of tsunamigenic earthquakes impacting the Samoan archipelago. In the uppermost silt unit, only the geochemical signature of the terrestrial input of the 2009 SPT backwash deposits was detected between 7 cm and 9 cm depth. Hence, Pago Pago Bay offers a unique sediment record of Holocene bay‐fill under the impact of past tsunamis intermittently during the last 7000 years.
Multilane roads extracted from the OpenStreetMap urban road network using random forests
Authors: Xu Yongyang , Xie Zhong , Wu Liang , Chen Zhanlong 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe volunteered geographic information (VGI) collected in OpenStreetMap (OSM) has been used in many applications. Extracting multilane roads and establishing a high level of expressed detail play important roles in the field of automated cartographic generalization. An accurate and detailed extraction process benefits geographic analysis, urban region division, and road network construction, as well as transportation applications services. The road networks in OSM have a high level of detail and complex structures; however, they also include many duplicate lines, which degrade the efficiency and increase the difficulty of extracting multilane roads. To resolve these problems, this work proposes a machine‐learning‐based approach, in which the road networks are first converted from lines to polygons. Then, various geometric descriptors, including compactness, width, circularity, area, perimeter, complexity, parallelism, shape descriptor, and width‐to‐length ratio, are used to train a random forest (RF) classifier and identify the candidates. Finally, another RF is trained to evaluate the candidates using all the geometric descriptors and topological features; the outputs of this second trained RF are the predicted multilane roads. An experiment using OSM data from Beijing, China validated the proposed method, which achieves a highly effective performance when extracting multilane roads from OSM.
OsSHOC1 and OsPTD1 are essential for crossover formation during rice meiosis
Authors: Ren Yun , Chen Dan , Li Wenjie , Zhou Dan , Luo Tao , Yuan Guoqiang , Zeng Jing , Cao Ye , He Zhongshan , Zou Ting , Deng Qiming , Wang Shiquan , Zheng Aiping , Zhu Jun , Liang Yueyang , Liu Huainian , Wang Lingxia , Li Ping , Li Shuangcheng 
Published: December 2018

SummaryMeiosis is essential for eukaryotic sexual reproduction and plant fertility, and crossovers (COs) are essential for meiosis and the formation of new allelic combinations in gametes. In this study, we report the isolation of a meiotic gene, OsSHOC1, and the identification of its partner, OsPTD1. Osshoc1 was sterile both in male and female gametophytes, and it showed a striking reduction in the number of meiotic COs, indicating that OsSHOC1 was required for normal CO formation. Further investigations showed that OsSHOC1 physically interacted with OsPTD1 and that the latter was also required for normal CO formation and plant fertility. Additionally, the expression profiles of both genes were consistent with their functions. Our results suggest that OsSHOC1 and OsPTD1 are essential for rice fertility and CO formation, possibly by stabilizing the recombinant intermediates during meiosis.
Impact of the platelet washing process on in vitro platelet properties, and the levels of soluble CD40 ligand and platelet‐derived microparticles in the storage media
Authors: Oikawa Shinji , Minegishi Masayoshi , Endo Kimika , Kawashima Wataru , Kosunago Satoshi , Oyama Masanori , Suzuki Ko , Shimizu Hiroshi 
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUNDA new platelet (PLT) additive solution, bicarbonated Ringer's solution supplemented with acid‐citrate‐dextrose Formula A, termed BRS‐A, as well as a new automated closed system cell processor for washing PLTs have recently been developed. This study evaluated the in vitro properties of PLTs with the automated system versus the manual method, using the BRS‐A additive solution for washing and storage.METHODSABO‐identical apheresis PLTs in 100% plasma were pooled and split equally for control (in 100% plasma or a manual method) and test (ACP215 automated system) units. In vitro characteristics of PLTs washed with the automated system were compared to those of PLTs in 100% plasma (Study 1) or washed with a manual method (Study 2) during the 7‐day storage.RESULTSIn Study 1, hypotonic shock response, aggregation response, mitochondrial membrane potential, adenosine triphosphate, and CD42b mean fluorescence intensity were comparable in the control and test groups during the 7‐day storage. CD62P expression was lower in the test group than controls on Days 3 and 7. The level of platelet‐derived microparticles (PDMPs) in the test group on Days 1 and 2 were higher than those in controls. In contrast, the levels of soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) and regulated upon activation of normal T‐cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) in the test units were lower than controls. In Study 2, no significant differences were found in all in vitro properties except for PLT count and the levels of PDMPs in the test units were higher than controls during storage.CONCLUSIONApheresis PLTs washed with the automated system using BRS‐A additive solution maintained in vitro properties during storage. Washing methods influenced PDMP levels but not sCD40L and RANTES.
Sexual practices and condom use among a sample of Northern and Indigenous adolescents in Northern Canada: cross-sectional survey results
Authors: Logie Carmen H , Lys Candice L , Fujioka Jamie , MacNeill Nancy , Mackay Kayley , Yasseen III Abdool S 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundSexually transmitted infections (STI) prevention in the Northwest Territories (NWT), Canada is an urgent concern as STI prevalence is seven-fold the national average. The study objective was to explore factors associated with sexual activity and condom use among adolescents in the NWT.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey with youth aged 13–18-years-old in 17 NWT communities. We use Poisson regression models with a robust sandwich error variance to estimate adjusted relative risks estimates of the likelihood of experiencing the primary outcomes of sexual activity (vaginal/anal/oral sex) and consistent condom use (oral/anal sex) in the past 3 months by gender.ResultsParticipants (n=607; mean age: 14.2 years; SD: 1.5) included adolescent cisgender girls (n=302; 49.5%), cisgender boys (n=298; 48.9%) and transgender persons (n=7; 1.2%). Most identified as Indigenous (n=444; 73.1%) and 14.0% (n=85) as lesbian, gay, bisexual or queer sexuality (LGBQ+). Among sexually active individuals (n=115), less than half (n=54; 47.0%) reported past 3 month consistent condom use. In adjusted analyses among girls, sexual activity was associated with age, STI knowledge, and alcohol/drug use; LGBQ+ identity and alcohol/drug use were associated with reduced likelihood of condom use. Among boys, sexual activity was associated with age and alcohol/drug use; LGBQ+ identity was associated with increased likelihood of condom use.ConclusionsFindings demonstrate sexual activity among adolescents in the NWT varies by gender, age, and alcohol/drug use. Consistent condom utilisation was low, particularly for those using alcohol/drugs. Gender-tailored STI prevention strategies with Northern adolescents should address alcohol/drug use and build protective factors.
Palindromic Decompositions with Gaps and Errors
Authors: Adamczyk Michał , Alzamel Mai , Charalampopoulos Panagiotis , Radoszewski Jakub 
Published: December 2018

Identifying palindromes in sequences has been an interesting line of research in combinatorics on words and also in computational biology, after the discovery of the relation of palindromes in the DNA sequence with the HIV virus. Efficient algorithms for the factorization of sequences into palindromes and maximal palindromes have been devised in recent years. We extend these studies by allowing gaps in decompositions and errors in palindromes, and also imposing a lower bound to the length of acceptable palindromes. We first present an on-line algorithm for obtaining a palindromic decomposition of a string of length [Formula: see text] with the minimal total gap length in time [Formula: see text] and space [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the number of allowed gaps in the decomposition. We then consider a decomposition of the string in maximal [Formula: see text]-palindromes (i.e. palindromes with [Formula: see text] errors under the edit or Hamming distance) and [Formula: see text] allowed gaps. We present an algorithm to obtain such a decomposition with the minimal total gap length in time [Formula: see text] and space [Formula: see text]. Finally, we provide an implementation of our algorithms.
On correlators of Reggeon fields and operators of Wilson lines in high energy QCD
Authors: Bondarenko S. , Pozdnyakov S. 
Published: December 2018

In this paper we derive Dyson–Schwinger hierarchy of the equations for the correlators of reggeized gluon fields in the framework of Lipatov’s high energy QCD effective action formalism.[Formula: see text] The explicit perturbative expressions for the correlators till correlator of four Reggeon fields inclusively are obtained and different perturbative schemes for the solutions of the equation for the two-field correlator are discussed. A correspondence between the correlators of reggeized gluon fields and Wilson line operators of longitudinal gluon field is established with the help of the results of Ref. 10. The connection between the JIMWLK-Balitsky formalism and Lipatov’s effective action approach and applications of the obtained results are also discussed.
Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of 6N01S-T5 aluminum alloy joints with semi-solid solders by ultrasonic soldering
Authors: Wang Yao , Li Yuanxing , Han Dengquan , Qiu Sifu , Chen Hui 
Published: December 2018

The article investigated the properties of 6N01 aluminum alloy joints with Sn-80Zn semi-solid solders by ultrasonic soldering. It was found that semi-solid solders consisted of Zn-rich phase with short rod-like dentrite, which had the lower solidus temperatures, while Zn-rich phase with long dentritic grains used the conventional solders. The joints soldered with Sn-80Zn conventional filler metal reached maximum shear strength of 73 MPa at the soldering temperature of 390[Formula: see text]C. The joint using Sn-80Zn semi-solid solder obtained higher shear strength of 90 MPa at the lower temperature of 370[Formula: see text]C. The effects of the ultrasonic time and the soldering temperature on the mechanical properties of the joints were also investigated with the Sn-80Zn semi-solid solders.
Clinical Utility of Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System Domain Scales
Authors: Lapin Brittany , Thompson Nicolas R. , Schuster Andrew , Katzan Irene L. 
Published: December 2018

Background:
Patient-reported outcome measures are increasingly being utilized in clinical care and research to evaluate outcomes following stroke. To optimize the clinical utility of these measures, we aimed to quantify meaningful change by establishing minimal important differences (MIDs), or responder definitions, for 4 domains affected in ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke patients.

Methods and Results:
We performed a retrospective cohort study of stroke patients seen in the Cleveland Clinic cerebrovascular center between September 2, 2012 and November 7, 2017. Four Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) scales were completed within 1 month poststroke and again at 6 months. MIDs were estimated using an anchor-based approach based on a global impression of change question and supported using 3 distribution-based methods. Cumulative distribution functions assessed responder thresholds. MIDs were additionally derived across sex, race, and varying levels of severity as defined by the modified Rankin Score and baseline PROMIS score. During the study period, 337 incident stroke patients completed at least 1 PROMIS domain scale at both time points (average age 61±14, 56% female). Estimates from the 4 methods were triangulated to provide a MID range across PROMIS domain: 2.5 to 6.5 T-score points for physical function and fatigue, 2.5 to 7.5 for social role satisfaction, and 3.0 to 8.0 for anxiety. Cumulative distribution functions plots identified between 30% and 40% of patients as having meaningful improvement based on the anchor-based estimates across all 4 domains. Meaningful change thresholds remained consistent across categories of sex and race. Anchor-based MIDs increased with increasing severity, whereas distribution-based MIDs remained consistent across severity levels.

Conclusions:
Our study is the first to evaluate interpretability of changes in PROMIS scores for stroke survivors. Future studies can utilize these thresholds to identify responders of stroke interventions. Based on our estimated MID ranges, researchers and clinicians can choose a responder threshold for comparing change in domain score at the group level, individual level, or by severity.
Sex Differences in Receiving Layperson Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Pediatric Out‐of‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Nationwide Cohort Study in Japan
Authors: Okubo Masashi , Matsuyama Tasuku , Gibo Koichiro , Komukai Sho , Izawa Junichi , Kiyohara Kosuke , Nishiyama Chika , Kiguchi Takeyuki , Callaway Clifton W. , Iwami Taku , Kitamura Tetsuhisa 
Published: December 2018

Background

Layperson cardiopulmonary resuscitation (
CPR
) is a crucial intervention for patients with out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (
OHCA
). Although a sex disparity in receiving layperson
CPR
(ie, female patients were less likely to receive layperson
CPR
) has been reported in adults, there are few data in the pediatric population, and we therefore investigated sex differences in receiving layperson
CPR
in pediatric patients with
OHCA
.

Methods and Results

From the All‐Japan Utstein Registry, a prospective, nationwide, population‐based
OHCA
database, we included pediatric patients (≤17 years) with layperson‐witnessed
OHCA
from 2005 through 2015. The primary outcome was receiving layperson
CPR
. Patient sex was the main exposure. We fitted multivariable logistic regression models to examine associations between patient sex and receiving layperson
CPR
. We included a total of 4525 pediatric patients with layperson‐witnessed
OHCA
in this study, 1669 (36.9%) of whom were female. Female patients received layperson
CPR
more often than male patients (831/1669 [49.8%] versus 1336/2856 [46.8%],
P
=0.05). After adjustment for age, time of day of arrest, year, witnesses persons, and dispatcher
CPR
instruction, the sex difference in receiving layperson
CPR
was not significant (adjusted odds ratio for female subjects 1.14, 95% CI, 0.996‐1.31).

Conclusions

In a pediatric population, female patients with layperson‐witnessed
OHCA
received layperson
CPR
more often than male patients. After adjustment for covariates, there was no significant association between patient sex and receiving layperson
CPR
.
Revision of Affecauda Hall &amp; Chambers, 1999 (Digenea: Gyliauchenidae Fukui, 1929), including the description of two new species from fishes of the Indo-West Pacific
Authors: HALL KATHRYN A. , CRIBB THOMAS H. 
Published: December 2018

We describe 2 new species of Affecauda from the intestine of acanthuroid fishes of the Indo-West Pacific. Affecauda rugosa n. sp. is described from 1 mature specimen in excellent condition and 1 immature fractured specimen from the intestine of the sailfin tang, Zebrasoma veliferum (Acanthuridae), from Noumea, New Caledonia. Affecauda salacia n. sp. is described from the intestine of the ocellated spinefoot, Siganus corallinus (Siganidae), from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia. Each of these species is made distinct from the type-species, Affecauda annulata Hall & Chambers, 1999, by combinations of the extent of tegumental annulations, conformation of the oesophagus and position of the ovary. The description of 2 new species of Affecauda necessitates a revision of the generic diagnosis, which is here amended to incorporate the additional species. A key to species is provided. The description of further species of Affecauda from waters external to the Great Barrier Reef and from siganid fishes expands the biogeographical range for species of Affecauda, from species of Naso on the Great Barrier Reef, to acanthuroid fishes of the western Pacific.
The Attitude of the Orthodox Parishioners Toward Euthanasia: Evidence From Georgia
Authors: Verulava Tengiz , Mamulashvili Mariam , Kachkachishvili Iago , Jorbenadze Revaz 
Published: December 2018

Background The right of euthanasia is the subject of worldwide discussion today, as it is one of the most controversial medical, religious, political, or ethical issues. This study aims to survey the attitudes of Orthodox parishioners toward the euthanasia. Methods: Within the quantitative study, the survey was conducted through a semistructured questionnaire. Respondents were the parishioners of the Orthodox Church. Within the qualitative study, the survey of the experts of the Orthodox Church, in particular the clergy, was conducted. During the survey of the experts, we used the snowball method. Results The majority of respondents (81%) were aware of euthanasia. The dominant opinion is that euthanasia is “ the consent to life termination during the illness, when there is no way out and recovery is impossible” or “ a terminally ill person voluntarily decides to end life painlessly.” Those who disagree with euthanasia rely on the religious factors (why the church prohibits it). Those who agree with euthanasia action argue the legitimate human rights and free will of person. Most of the respondents (86%) have not heard about euthanasia practices in Georgia. Most of the respondents (71%) knew that the Orthodox Church prohibits euthanasia; 39% of the respondents believe that euthanasia is justified in medical terms. Conclusion It is advisable to raise public awareness on euthanasia in religious, medical, cultural, social, and legal aspects.