bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serial evaluation of resting and exercising overground endoscopic examination results in young Thoroughbreds with no treatment intervention
Authors: McGivney C. L. , Sweeney J. , Gough K. F. , Hill E. W. , Katz L. M. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryBackgroundWe hypothesised that grade/appearance for upper respiratory tract (URT) disorders identified at the first overground endoscopy (OGE) examination would vary at subsequent examinations.ObjectivesTo compare OGE examinations from horses evaluated on at least two occasions under similar exercise conditions without treatment intervention.Study designRetrospective cohort.MethodsPre‐exercise and exercising OGE recordings from Thoroughbred horses undergoing multiple examinations under similar exercise conditions were reviewed, with the first two recordings for each horse statistically evaluated. Paired Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests were used to assess differences in exercise and physiological parameters between examinations. Z‐tests were used to assess the proportion of changes in URT disorder grade/appearance between examinations. A McNemar's test was used to compare the proportion of horses with each disorder at each examination. Test–retest reliability across examinations was assessed using Spearman's ρ, and ordered logistic regression used to explore temporal effects on repeatability. Lattice plots were constructed to view variability in disorders over time.ResultsSeventy‐eight horses (median age 2.4 years) with 195 resting endoscopic examinations including 72/78 horses with 179 pre‐exercise and exercising OGE examinations were evaluated. Median time between examinations was 226.5 days with no differences between exercise and physiological parameters. Grades significantly varied between examinations for all disorders, and in particular for palatal instability (PI) and epiglottic grade at rest. A temporal link between examination interval and disorder grade change was identified for PI and resting arytenoid asymmetry.Main limitationsOGE re‐examinations within a shorter, more consistent time‐frame would allow determination of intrahorse variability. The sample size was inadequate to conclusively establish temporal links between disorders and time between examinations.ConclusionsVariability for most URT abnormalities identified with OGE should be considered when making therapeutic decisions based on a single examination and may partially explain development of additional URT conditions after surgical intervention.
The Summary is available in Portuguese ‐ see Supporting Information
Pharmacological effects of the isomeric mixture of alpha and beta amyrin from Protium heptaphyllum: a literature review
Authors: Nogueira Amaurilio O. , Oliveira Yasmin Ingrid S. , Adjafre Beatriz L. , de Moraes Maria E. Amaral , Aragão Gislei F. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractProtium heptaphyllum Aubl. belongs to the Burseraceae family. It is commonly called ‘almecegueira’ and is known to produce an amorphous resin which has constituents such as α‐ and β‐amyrin, taraxastan‐3‐oxo‐20‐ol and sitostenonein. The α‐ and β‐amyrin from P. heptaphyllum have pharmacological activities in several systems, such as central and peripheral nervous system, gastrointestinal tract and immunological system. In this study, our objective was to review pharmacological activities and to gather more information on the mixture of α‐ and β‐amyrin obtained from P. heptaphyllum to guide future preclinical and clinical studies using this compound. This review consisted of searches performed using scientific databases such as PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, SciFinder and Science Direct. Some uses of α‐ and β‐amyrin have been partially confirmed by previous studies demonstrating analgesic, anti‐inflammatory, anticonvulsant, antidepressive, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, antipancreatitic, anticholytic, antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic effects. It is noteworthy that there are no α‐ and β‐amirin toxicity tests described in the literature as recommended in the international guidelines, and such tests are one of the research stages to proceed in clinical and preclinical trials if this compound was to be used.
Characterization of Miscanthus cell wall polymers
Authors: Schäfer Judith , Sattler Melinda , Iqbal Yasir , Lewandowski Iris , Bunzel Mirko 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEfficient utilization of lignocellulosic Miscanthus biomass for the production of biochemicals, such as ethanol, is challenging due to its recalcitrance, which is influenced by the individual plant cell wall polymers and their interactions. Lignocellulosic biomass composition differs depending on several factors, such as plant age, harvest date, organ type, and genotype. Here, four selected Miscanthus genotypes (Miscanthus sinensis, Miscanthus sacchariflorus, Miscanthus × giganteus, Miscanthus sinensis × Miscanthus sacchariflorus hybrid) were grown and harvested, separated into stems and leaves, and characterized for their non‐starch polysaccharide composition and structures, lignin contents and structures, and hydroxycinnamate profiles (monomers and ferulic acid dehydrodimers). Polysaccharides of all genotypes are mainly composed of cellulose and low‐substituted arabinoxylans. Ratios of hemicelluloses to cellulose were comparable, with the exception of Miscanthus sinensis that showed a higher hemicellulose/cellulose ratio. Lignin contents of Miscanthus stems were higher than those of Miscanthus leaves. Considering the same organs, the four genotypes did not differ in their Klason lignin contents, but Miscanthus × giganteus showed the highest acetylbromide soluble lignin content. Lignin polymers isolated from stems varied in their S/G ratios and linkage type distributions across genotypes. p‐Coumaric acid was the most abundant ester‐bound hydroxycinnamte monomer in all samples. Ferulic acid dehydrodimers were analyzed as cell wall cross‐links, with 8‐5‐coupled diferulic acid being the main dimer, followed by 8‐O‐4‐, and 5‐5‐diferulic acid. Contents of p‐coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and ferulic acid dimers varied depending on genotype and organ type. The largest amount of cell wall cross‐links was analyzed for Miscanthus sinensis.
Randomised clinical trial: Efficacy of strategies to provide oral hygiene activities to nursing home residents with dementia who resist mouth care
Authors: Jablonski Rita A. , Kolanowski Ann M. , Azuero Andres , Winstead Vicki , Jones‐Townsend Corteza , Geisinger Maria L. 
Published: July 2018

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to test the efficacy ofMOUTh (Managing Oral Hygiene Using Threat Reduction), a nonpharmacologic, relationship‐based intervention vs. control on 2 primary outcomes for nursing home (NH) residents with dementia who resisted mouth care: (i) reduction in the occurrence and intensity of care‐resistant behaviours (CRBs) and (ii) improvement in oral health. Two secondary outcomes were also examined: (i) the duration of mouth care and (ii) the completion of oral hygiene activities.BackgroundPersons with dementia who exhibitCRBs are at risk for inadequate mouth care and subsequent systemic illnesses.Materials and methodsThe study used a randomised repeated measures design. Recruitment occurred in 9 nursing homes that varied in size, ownership, reimbursement patterns and location. One hundred and one nursing home residents with dementia were randomised at the individual level to experimental (n = 55) or control groups (n = 46). One hundred participants provided data for the analyses.ResultsCompared to the control group, persons in the experimental group had twice the odds of allowing mouth care and completing oral hygiene activities; they also allowed longer duration of mouth care (d = 0.56), but showed only small reductions in the intensity ofCRBs (d = 0.16) and small differential improvements in oral health (d = 0.18).ConclusionThe data suggest that this intervention facilitates mouth care among persons with dementia. The management of refusal behaviour may be a clinically more realistic approach than reducing or eradicating refusals.
Less than one‐third of hip fracture patients return to their prefracture level of instrumental activities of daily living in a prospective cohort study of 480 patients
Authors: Moerman Sophie , Mathijssen Nina MC , Tuinebreijer Wim E , Nelissen Rob GHH , Vochteloo Anne JH 
Published: July 2018

AimA significant loss of instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) after a hip fracture has been reported. The aim of the present study was to identify specific predictors for low IADL after a hip fracture, in order to target better postoperative care for these patients.MethodsA prospective observational cohort study of 480 hip fracture patients was carried out. IADL was measured at baseline, and after 3 and 12 months using the Groningen Activity Restriction Scale. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was carried out using age, sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, prefracture living with a partner, prefracture living situation, prefracture use of walking aids, type of fracture, type of anesthesia, length of hospital stay, postoperative complications and prefracture IADL as potential predictors for low IADL after a hip fracture. The correlation between IADL, mobility and living situation, both at admission, and 3 and 12 months postoperatively, were measured.ResultsThree months after hip fracture treatment, 24% of patients returned to their baseline IADL level, at 12 months postoperative this was 29%. Factors associated with a larger loss in IADL after a hip fracture were older age, prefracture living with a partner, prefracture living at home, prefracture use of walking aids and longer length of hospital stay. The correlation between IADL and living situation was 0.69, and between IADL and use of walking aids was 0.80.ConclusionsA return to prefracture IADL level was low. Healthier patients have a steeper decline in postoperative IADL. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 1244–1248.
Long‐term outcomes from prophylactic or episodic treatment of haemophilia A: A systematic review
Authors: O'Hara J. , Sima C. S. , Frimpter J. , Paliargues F. , Chu P. , Presch I. 
Published: July 2018

IntroductionEvaluating treatment success in patients with haemophilia A (HA) remains a vigorous debate, especially concerning the interpretation of results from clinical and observational research. The benefits of short‐term prophylaxis are well established, but long‐term outcomes, particularly related to humanistic and economic burden, are not as well understood.AimWe conducted a systematic literature review to evaluate the association of episodic or prophylactic bleed control with long‐term clinical, humanistic and economic outcomes.MethodsStudies published in English between 1 January 2006 and 15 December 2016 were included. Participants had HA (with or without inhibitors), received prophylactic or episodic treatment and had at least 4 years of treatment or follow‐up. Results were analysed qualitatively with descriptive findings.ResultsA total of 2091 records were screened, resulting in 19 studies from 20 publications for inclusion. Most studies included children (84%), were limited to patients with severe disease (74%) and were conducted in Europe or North America (89%). Ten studies (53%) included patients with inhibitors. Median study follow‐up ranged from 5 to 19 years. Long‐term bleeding and haemarthrosis outcomes were consistently better for patients receiving prophylaxis, who also required fewer hospitalizations or surgeries. Health‐related quality of life, functionality and productivity were generally more favourable in patients receiving prophylaxis. Quantitative comparisons were not feasible due to the lack of consistency in endpoint collection and reporting among studies.ConclusionThis systematic review confirmed that the benefits of prophylactic treatment on short‐term outcomes translate to broader long‐term clinical, humanistic and economic benefits. Better harmonization of data collection and outcome assessments across both registries and clinical studies is needed to allow for effective comparisons across studies and across data sources.
The immunogenicity of ReFacto AF (moroctocog alfa AF‐CC) in previously untreated patients with haemophilia A in the United Kingdom
Authors: Mathias M. C. , Collins P. W. , Palmer B. P. , Chalmers E. , Alamelu J. , Richards M. , Will A. , Hay C. R. M. ,   the United Kingdom Haemophilia Centre Doctors’ Organisation Inhibitor Working Party
Published: July 2018

IntroductionFactor VIII inhibitor development is currently the most serious complication of the treatment of haemophilia A. Differences in manufacturing and the molecular structure of brands of recombinant factor VIII have led to speculation that concentrates may differ in immunogenicity. This has led to a regulatory focus on the immunogenicity of factor VIII concentrates both before and after licensure.AimTo investigate the immunogenicity of ReFacto AF post licensure in a real‐world setting in previously untreated patients (PUPs) treated exclusively with this product until at least 50 exposure days (EDs).MethodsThe United Kingdom Haemophilia Centre Doctors’ Organisation (UKHCDO) National Haemophilia Database (NHD) identified a consecutive cohort of patients with severe haemophilia A (<0.01 IU/L) whose first treatment was with ReFacto AF, monitored time to inhibitor development and described associated risk factors.ResultsOne hundred and three boys reached 50 EDs within the study period, of whom 35 developed an inhibitor (P(t ≤ 50) = 0.33, [95% CI: 0.25‐0.43]), of which 15 (P(t ≤ 50) = 0.16, [95% CI: 0.10‐0.25]) were high titre. Inhibitors arose after a median (interquartile range) 11 (7‐16) EDs. Inhibitors were significantly associated with high‐risk mutations and non‐significantly associated with non‐white ethnicity. Inhibitors were negatively associated with a family history of haemophilia A. High‐titre inhibitors were significantly associated with a family history of inhibitors.ConclusionInhibitor incidence in a single country population of ReFacto AF PUPs was similar to that previously described. Low‐ and high‐titre inhibitors were detected after a similar number of EDs, contrasting with previous data, probably reflecting standardized inhibitor monitoring within the United Kingdom.
Risk factors for cardiovascular disease in children and young adults with haemophilia
Authors: Limjoco Jacqueline , Thornburg Courtney D. 
Published: July 2018

IntroductionThe origins of cardiovascular disease (CVD) begin in childhood. The primary objective of this cross‐sectional cohort study was to determine the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with congenital haemophilia A or B followed at Rady Children's Hospital San Diego Hemophilia and Thrombosis Treatment Center (HTC). We hypothesized that cardiovascular risk factors could be identified as part of a comprehensive clinic visit.Materials and MethodsStandardized measurement of weight, height, waist circumference and blood pressure plus non‐fasting glucose and lipid panel were performed. Participants and/or caregivers completed questionnaires about family history, medical history and lifestyle. Clinical data were abstracted from the medical record. Descriptive statistics, Student's t test, correlation, Mann‐Whitney U test and chi‐square test were performed to analyse the data.ResultsForty‐three males (mean 12 years, range 5‐20 years) enrolled. High rates of overweight and obesity, (pre)hypertension and abnormal lipids were identified. Subjects with normal weight had more days of >60 minutes of physical activity compared with those with overweight or obesity (5.2 ± 2.4 vs. 3.8 ± 2.5 day; P = 0.07). Higher weight was correlated with higher factor consumption (cor = 0.88; P < 0.001). There was no difference in target joints based on weight category (30% in normal weight vs. 25% in overweight or obese, χ2= 0.11, P = 0.74), which may be attributed to high rates of prophylaxis.ConclusionsModifiable risk factors for CVD were identified as part of the study during comprehensive clinic visits. The HTC team may develop behavioural interventions to target cardiovascular risk reduction as part of the comprehensive care model.
Desmopressin in non‐severe haemophilia A: Test‐response and clinical outcomes in a single Canadian centre review
Authors: Hews‐Girard Julia , Rydz Natalia , Lee Adrienne , Goodyear Marilyn Dawn , Poon Man‐Chiu 
Published: July 2018

IntroductionDesmopressin is an effective haemostatic agent for patients with non‐severe haemophilia A; however, response may differ between patients of similar severity. Responsiveness is classified based on various cut‐off values for plasma levels of FVIII post‐desmopressin administration. Patients may be classified differently depending on the values chosen.AimTo classify desmopressin response in non‐severe haemophilia A patients with respect to current test‐response definitions. Also, to characterize relationships between test response and clinical outcome of desmopressin use.MethodsCurrent desmopressin test‐response definitions were obtained from the literature. We adopted peak FVIII level (at 1 hour post‐administration) ≥50 IU/dL and <20 IU/dL as complete and no response, respectively, thereby satisfying most reported definitions. Test‐responses and clinical outcomes of use between 2007 and 2017 for adult mild/moderate haemophilia A patients were reviewed and correlated.ResultsAll patients classified as complete responders (n = 31; peak FVIII ≥50 IU/dL) and the majority of partial responders (n = 11; peak FVIII ≥20 to <50 IU/dL) had good clinical outcomes after desmopressin use for a variety of bleeding episodes and procedures. Two non‐responders (peak FVIII <20 IU/dL) given desmopressin for minor bleeding/procedures also had good clinical outcomes. One patient with a partial test‐response (peak FVIII 23 IU/dL) required additional factor concentrate to achieve haemostasis.ConclusionsBased on our review, we suggest that the determination of desmopressin responsiveness should consider both the change in plasma FVIII levels as well as clinical outcomes associated with prior therapeutic use.
Cross‐over study in hyperammonemia patients for efficacy, safety, and acceptability of a new lactulose preparation (SK‐1202) compared to approved drug
Authors: Yoshiji Hitoshi , Karino Yoshiyasu , Suzuki Yoshiyuki , Suzuki Fumitaka , Uejima Masakazu , Aikata Hiroshi , Chayama Kazuaki , Iwai Hisakazu , Suzuki Eiji , Kumada Hiromitsu 
Published: July 2018

AimA novel jelly lactulose preparation (SK‐1202) has been developed to improve compliance and reduce the elevation of blood glucose levels in diabetic patients. To compare the equivalence in the efficacy and safety of SK‐1202 and an approved commercially available syrup preparation, we undertook a randomized multicenter cross‐over study in hyperammonemia patients with liver cirrhosis who were taking lactulose.MethodsForty‐four patients were enrolled and took each preparation for 2 weeks. Efficacy was evaluated using the Number Connection Test, blood ammonia concentration, coma grade, and the flapping tremor grade. Safety was evaluated by the number of adverse events observed, vital signs, and laboratory tests. We also examined the acceptability of each preparation using questionnaires evaluating sweetness, aftertaste, ease of use, and preference of the preparations.ResultsThere were no differences in efficacy or safety between SK‐1202 and the approved syrup preparation. With regard to the acceptability evaluation, given over 80% of the participants chose the SK‐1202 preparation, it appears to be preferred by patients.ConclusionsIt is expected that SK‐1202 could represent a useful agent for patients with hepatic encephalopathy.
International and transnational education for whose interests? A study on the career development of Chinese students
Authors: Mok Ka Ho , Han Xiao , Jiang Jin , Zhang Xiaojun 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA significant increase in internationally mobile students has been observed in the past decades. With the strong intention of enhancing their competitiveness in the global labour market, a growing number of students have embarked on their learning journeys through studying abroad or enrolling in transnational Higher Education programmes. These students expect the international learning experience will enhance their future job prospects and career advancement. However, whether or not this learning experience enables students to secure promising positions in the global labour market and make their investments in Higher Education worthwhile remains debatable. Drawing on both student surveys and in‐depth interviews, this study explores how international or transnational Higher Education affects job prospects and career development, with particular reference to the perspective of employable skills and contextual influences. The respondents of the present research rate their learning experiences highly for hard knowledge, soft skills and cross‐cultural understanding. The majority of respondents suggest that the international and transnational learning experience will positively contribute to their career development. Such findings are supported by similar studies related to the job prospects of returning Chinese students after studying overseas. This article contributes to a better understanding of how students assess their studying abroad affected their personal development, job prospects and career development.
Does internationalisation of Higher Education still matter? Critical reflections on student learning, graduate employment and faculty development in Asia
Authors: Mok Ka Ho 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn the last few years, there has been a growing trend of anti‐globalism and the rise of nationalism spreading across different parts of the world. Promoting internationalisation of Higher Education has brought with it the globally connected phenomenon with regard to inter‐university collaboration and student mobility across national borders but also the locally divided phenomenon when people question the value of international education. Recent elections not only in Europe and the United Kingdom but also in the United States show the rise of popularism and nationalism. Against such a wider sociopolitical context an increasing number of people believe the call for internationalisation of education has indeed favoured the elite and the rich but marginalised the poor. The major objective of this article is to set out the wider policy context for the present special issue with a theme of ‘Transnationalisation of Higher Education and Student/Faculty Mobility’. More specifically, this article identifies and discusses key issues confronting the growing tides of transnationalisation and internationalisation of Higher Education, highlighting the major arguments presented by the selected articles in this issue. This article concludes by critically examining the implications of internationalisation/transnationalisation of Higher Education for education policy and university governance.