bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generation of EMIC Waves and Effects on Particle Precipitation During a Solar Wind Pressure Intensification With Bz>0
Authors: Lessard Marc R. , Paulson Kristoff , Spence Harlan E. , Weaver Carol , Engebretson Mark J. , Millan Robyn , Woodger Leslie , Halford Alexa , Horne Richard , Rodger Craig J. , Hendry Aaron 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDuring geomagnetic storms, some fraction of the solar wind energy is coupled via reconnection at the dayside magnetopause, a process that requires a southward interplanetary magnetic field Bz. Through a complex sequence of events, some of this energy ultimately drives the generation of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves, which can then scatter energetic electrons and ions from the radiation belts. In the event described in this paper, the interplanetary magnetic field remained northward throughout the event, a condition unfavorable for solar wind energy coupling through low‐latitude reconnection. While this resulted in SYM/H remaining positive throughout the event (so this may not be considered a storm, in spite of the very high solar wind densities), pressure fluctuations were directly transferred into and then propagated throughout the magnetosphere, generating EMIC waves on global scales. The generation mechanism presumably involved the development of temperature anisotropies via perpendicular pressure perturbations, as evidenced by strong correlations between the pressure variations and the intensifications of the waves globally. Electron precipitation was recorded by the Balloon Array for RBSP Relativistic Electron Losses balloons, although it did not have the same widespread signatures as the waves and, in fact, appears to have been quite patchy in character. Observations from Van Allen Probe A satellite (at postmidnight local time) showed clear butterfly distributions, and it may be possible that the EMIC waves contributed to the development of these distribution functions. Ion precipitation was also recorded by the Polar‐orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite satellites, though tended to be confined to the dawn‐dusk meridians.
Dynamic Intermediate Waters Across the Late Glacial Revealed by Paired Radiocarbon and Clumped Isotope Temperature Records
Authors: Hines Sophia K. V. , Eiler John M. , Southon John R. , Adkins Jess F. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPaired radiocarbon and clumped isotope temperature records from U/Th‐dated Desmophyllum dianthus corals in the North Atlantic and Southern Ocean provide unique information about the history of intermediate waters (∼1,500–1,700 m) across the late glacial and deglaciation (∼35–10 ka). These measurements allow for the construction of radiocarbon‐temperature crossplots, which help to identify water mass endmembers at different times across the deglaciation. Radiocarbon and temperature values from the late glacial fall outside the range of modern ocean data from near the sample collection sites. In the North Atlantic, radiocarbon values tend to be much older than the modern, while in the Southern Ocean, they are more often younger than the modern. Reconstructed temperatures vary around respective modern ocean values; however, warm waters are observed at the Last Glacial Maximum and across the deglaciation in the north and south. We interpret our data in the context of the modern hydrography of the Western North Atlantic and Southern Ocean, and we draw upon direct comparisons between sediment core‐derived reconstructions of ocean circulation from the South Indo‐Pacific and our deep‐sea coral data from the Southern Ocean. Our North Atlantic data support accepted patterns of reduced North Atlantic Deep Water formation during Heinrich Stadials 1 and 2. In the Southern Ocean, deep‐sea coral populations respond to changes in ocean structure that are also reflected in a depth profile of δ13C data from New Zealand, and data indicate that there was less influence of Pacific Deep Water between 1,500 and 1,700 m south of Tasmania across much of the deglaciation.
Strategic-tuning of radiative excitons for efficient and stable fluorescent white organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Wu Zhongbin , Liu Yuan , Yu Ling , Zhao Chenyang , Yang Dezhi , Qiao Xianfeng , Chen Jiangshan , Yang Chuluo , Kleemann Hans , Leo Karl , Ma Dongge 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe emerging thermally activated delayed fluorescence materials have great potential for efficiencies in organic light-emitting diodes by optimizing molecular structures of the emitter system. However, it is still challenging in the device structural design to achieve high efficiency and stable device operation in white organic light-emitting diodes. Here we propose a universal design strategy for thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitter-based fluorescent white organic light-emitting diodes, establishing an advanced system of “orange thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitter sensitized by blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence host” combined with an effective exciton-confined emissive layer. Compared to reference single-layer and double-layer emissive devices, the external quantum efficiency improves by 31 and 45%, respectively, and device operational stability also shows nearly fivefold increase. Additionally, a detailed optical simulation for the present structure is made, indicating the validity of the design strategy in the fluorescent white organic light-emitting diodes.
Physical origin of giant excitonic and magneto-optical responses in two-dimensional ferromagnetic insulators
Authors: Wu Meng , Li Zhenglu , Cao Ting , Louie Steven G. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe recent discovery of magnetism in atomically thin layers of van der Waals crystals has created great opportunities for exploring light–matter interactions and magneto-optical phenomena in the two-dimensional limit. Optical and magneto-optical experiments have provided insights into these topics, revealing strong magnetic circular dichroism and giant Kerr signals in atomically thin ferromagnetic insulators. However, the nature of the giant magneto-optical responses and their microscopic mechanism remain unclear. Here, by performing first-principlesGWand Bethe-Salpeter equation calculations, we show that excitonic effects dominate the optical and magneto-optical responses in the prototypical two-dimensional ferromagnetic insulator, CrI3. We simulate the Kerr and Faraday effects in realistic experimental setups, and based on which we predict the sensitive frequency- and substrate-dependence of magneto-optical responses. These findings provide physical understanding of the phenomena as well as potential design principles for engineering magneto-optical and optoelectronic devices using two-dimensional magnets.
Curvature induction and membrane remodeling by FAM134B reticulon homology domain assist selective ER-phagy
Authors: Bhaskara Ramachandra M. , Grumati Paolo , Garcia-Pardo Javier , Kalayil Sissy , Covarrubias-Pinto Adriana , Chen Wenbo , Kudryashev Mikhail , Dikic Ivan , Hummer Gerhard 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFAM134B/RETREG1 is a selective ER-phagy receptor that regulates the size and shape of the endoplasmic reticulum. The structure of its reticulon-homology domain (RHD), an element shared with other ER-shaping proteins, and the mechanism of membrane shaping remain poorly understood. Using molecular modeling and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we assemble a structural model for the RHD of FAM134B. Through MD simulations of FAM134B in flat and curved membranes, we relate the dynamic RHD structure with its two wedge-shaped transmembrane helical hairpins and two amphipathic helices to FAM134B functions in membrane-curvature induction and curvature-mediated protein sorting. FAM134B clustering, as expected to occur in autophagic puncta, amplifies the membrane-shaping effects. Electron microscopy of in vitro liposome remodeling experiments support the membrane remodeling functions of the different RHD structural elements. Disruption of the RHD structure affects selective autophagy flux and leads to disease states.
A few Ascomycota taxa dominate soil fungal communities worldwide
Authors: Egidi Eleonora , Delgado-Baquerizo Manuel , Plett Jonathan M. , Wang Juntao , Eldridge David J. , Bardgett Richard D. , Maestre Fernando T. , Singh Brajesh K. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDespite having key functions in terrestrial ecosystems, information on the dominant soil fungi and their ecological preferences at the global scale is lacking. To fill this knowledge gap, we surveyed 235 soils from across the globe. Our findings indicate that 83 phylotypes (<0.1% of the retrieved fungi), mostly belonging to wind dispersed, generalist Ascomycota, dominate soils globally. We identify patterns and ecological drivers of dominant soil fungal taxa occurrence, and present a map of their distribution in soils worldwide. Whole-genome comparisons with less dominant, generalist fungi point at a significantly higher number of genes related to stress-tolerance and resource uptake in the dominant fungi, suggesting that they might be better in colonising a wide range of environments. Our findings constitute a major advance in our understanding of the ecology of fungi, and have implications for the development of strategies to preserve them and the ecosystem functions they provide.
Emerging therapies for cartilage regeneration in currently excluded ‘red knee’ populations
Authors: Martín Anthony R. , Patel Jay M. , Zlotnick Hannah M. , Carey James L. , Mauck Robert L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe field of articular cartilage repair has made significant advances in recent decades; yet current therapies are generally not evaluated or tested, at the time of pivotal trial, in patients with a variety of common comorbidities. To that end, we systematically reviewed cartilage repair clinical trials to identify common exclusion criteria and reviewed the literature to identify emerging regenerative approaches that are poised to overcome these current exclusion criteria. The term “knee cartilage repair” was searched on clinicaltrials.gov. Of the 60 trials identified on initial search, 33 were further examined to extract exclusion criteria. Criteria excluded by more than half of the trials were identified in order to focus discussion on emerging regenerative strategies that might address these concerns. These criteria included age (<18 or >55 years old), small defects (<1 cm2), large defects (>8 cm2), multiple defect (>2 lesions), BMI >35, meniscectomy (>50%), bilateral knee pathology, ligamentous instability, arthritis, malalignment, prior repair, kissing lesions, neurologic disease of lower extremities, inflammation, infection, endocrine or metabolic disease, drug or alcohol abuse, pregnancy, and history of cancer. Finally, we describe emerging tissue engineering and regenerative approaches that might foster cartilage repair in these challenging environments. The identified criteria exclude a majority of the affected population from treatment, and thus greater focus must be placed on these emerging cartilage regeneration techniques to treat patients with the challenging “red knee”.
Transcript expression profiling in two contrasting cultivars and molecular cloning of a SKP-1 like gene, a component of SCF-ubiquitin proteasome system from mungbean Vigna radiate L.
Authors: Bharadwaj Nandita , Barthakur Sharmistha , Biswas Akash Deep , Kumar Das Monoj , Kour Manpreet , Ramteke Anand , Gogoi Nirmali 
Published: May 2019

AbstractProtein degradation and turnover under various environmental stresses is basically regulated by ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), of which SKP1 is a very essential component. Isolation and cloning of an identified potential stress responsive candidate gene SKP1, was successfully done for the first time to fathom the role of SKP1 in drought tolerance at genetic level in drought tolerant mungbean cultivar Pratap, which was screened after a detailed physio-biochemical screening amongst seven popular mungbean cultivars. The cloned gene SKP1 (accession number KX881912) is 550 bp in length, encodes 114 amino acids. It shows high sequence homology with SKP1 from Zea mays (NP_001148633). The protein expression of isolated SKP1 was confirmed by GUS fused expression using a Histochemical assay under control as well as under drought stress. Further, up-regulation in relative expression level of SKP1 in different plant parts under drought stress confirmed its utility as a potential drought responsive candidate gene certainly demanding extensive genetic research for further incorporation in breeding programs. Moreover, the structure of VrSKP1 (Vigna radiata SKP1) has been modelled, validated and an Essential Dynamics (ED) was done on the Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation trajectories for filtering large-scale concerted motions. Free-energy calculations on the ED revealed a complex free-energy landscape (FEL) implying the conformational diversity of the modelled VrSPK1 protein.
Integrate CRISPR/Cas9 for protein expression of HLA-B*38:68Q via precise gene editing
Authors: Yin Yuxin , Reed Elaine F. , Zhang Qiuheng 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe determination of null- or low-expressed HLA alleles is clinically relevant in both hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and solid organ transplantation. We studied the expression level of a questionable (Q)HLA-B*38:68Qallele, which carries a 9-nucleotide (nt) deletion at codon 230–232 in exon 4 ofHLA-B*38:01:01:01using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology. CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing ofHLA-B*38:01:01:01homozygous EBV B cell line resulted in oneHLA-B*38:68Q/B*38:01:01:01heterozygous and oneHLA-B*38:68Qhomozygous clone. Flow cytometric analysis of monoclonal anti-Bw4 antibody showed the protein expression ofHLA-B*38:01:01:01in homozygous cells was 2.2 fold higher thanHLA-B*38:68Q/B*38:01:01:01heterozygous cells, and the expression ofHLA-B*38:68Q/B*38:01:01:01heterozygous cells was over 2.0 fold higher thanHLA-B*38:68Qhomozygous cells. TheHLA-B*38:68Qexpression was further confirmed using anti-B38 polyclonal antibody. Similarly, the expression of theHLA-B*38:01:01:01homozygous cells was 1.5 fold higher than that ofHLA-B*38:68Q/B*38:01:01:01heterozygous cells, and theHLA-B*38:68Q/B*38:01:01:01heterozygous cells was over 1.6 fold higher than that ofHLA-B*38:68Qhomozygous cells. The treatment ofHLA-B*38:68Qhomozygous cells with IFN-γ significantly increased its expression. In conclusion, we demonstrate thatHLA-B*38:68Qis a low-expressing HLA allele. The CRISPR/Cas9 technology is a useful tool to induce precise gene editing in HLA genes to enable the characterization of HLA gene variants on expression and function.
Liver MR relaxometry at 3T – segmental normal T1 and T2* values in patients without focal or diffuse liver disease and in patients with increased liver fat and elevated liver stiffness
Authors: Obmann V. C. , Mertineit N. , Marx C. , Berzigotti A. , Ebner L. , Heverhagen J. T. , Christe A. , Huber A. T. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMagnetic resonance (MR) T1 and T2* mapping allows quantification of liver relaxation times for non-invasive characterization of diffuse liver disease. We hypothesized that liver relaxation times are not only influenced by liver fibrosis, inflammation and fat, but also by air in liver segments adjacent to the lung – especially in MR imaging at 3T. A total of 161 study participants were recruited, while 6 patients had to be excluded due to claustrophobia or technically uninterpretable MR elastography. Resulting study population consisted of 12 healthy volunteers and 143 patients who prospectively underwent multiparametric MR imaging at 3T. Of those 143 patients, 79 had normal liver stiffness in MR elastography (shear modulus <2.8 kPa, indicating absence of fibrosis) and normal proton density fat fraction (PDFF < 10%, indicating absence of steatosis), defined as reference population. T1 relaxation times in these patients were significantly shorter in liver segments adjacent to the lung than in those not adjacent to the lung (p < 0.001, mean of differences 33 ms). In liver segments not adjacent to the lung, T1 allowed to differentiate significantly between the reference population and patients with steatosis and/or fibrosis (p ≤ 0.011), while there was no significant difference of T1 between the reference population and healthy volunteers. In conclusion, we propose to measure T1 relaxation times in liver segments not adjacent to the lung. Otherwise, we recommend taking into account slightly shorter T1 values in liver segments adjacent to the lung.
Very- and ultra-long-period seismic signals prior to and during caldera formation on La Réunion Island
Authors: Fontaine F. R. , Roult G. , Hejrani B. , Michon L. , Ferrazzini V. , Barruol G. , Tkalčić H. , Di Muro A. , Peltier A. , Reymond D. , Staudacher T. , Massin F. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractEarly detection of the onset of a caldera collapse can provide crucial information to understand their formation and thus to minimize risks for the nearby population and visitors. Here, we analyse the 2007 caldera collapse of Piton de la Fournaise on La Réunion Island recorded by a broadband seismic station. We show that this instrument recorded ultra-long period (ULP) signals with frequencies in the range (0.003–0.01 Hz) accompanied by very-long period (VLP) signals (between 0.02 and 0.50 Hz) prior to and during the caldera formation suggesting it is possible to detect the beginning of the collapse at depth and anticipate its surface formation. Interestingly, VLP wave packets with a similar duration of 20 s are identified prior to and during the caldera formation. We propose that these events could result from repeating piston-like successive collapses occurring through a ring-fault structure surrounding a magma reservoir from the following arguments: the source mechanism from the main collapse, the observations of slow source processes as well as observations from the field and the characteristic ring-fault seismicity.
Improving the foundation for particulate matter risk assessment by individual nanoparticle statistics from electron microscopy analysis
Authors: Brostrøm Anders , Kling Kirsten Inga , Koponen Ismo Kalevi , Hougaard Karin Sørig , Kandler Konrad , Mølhave Kristian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAir pollution is one of the major contributors to the global burden of disease, with particulate matter (PM) as one of its central concerns. Thus, there is a great need for exposure and risk assessments associated with PM pollution. However, current standard measurement techniques bring no knowledge of particle composition or shape, which have been identified among the crucial parameters for toxicology of inhaled particles. We present a method for collecting aerosols via impaction directly onto Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) grids, and based on the measured impactor collection efficiency and observed impact patterns we establish a reproducible imaging routine for automated Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis. The method is validated by comparison to scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) measurements, where a good agreement is found between the particle size distributions (PSD), ensuring a representative description of the sampled aerosol. We furthermore determine sampling conditions for achieving optimal particle coverage on the TEM grids, allowing for a statistical analysis. In summary, the presented method can provide not only a representative PSD, but also detailed statistics on individual particle geometries. If coupled with Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis elemental compositions can be assessed as well. This makes it possible to categorize particles both according to size and shape e.g. round and fibres, or agglomerates, as well as classify them based on their elemental composition e.g. salt, soot, or metals. Combined this method brings crucial knowledge for improving the foundation for PM risk assessments on workplaces and in ambient conditions with complex aerosol pollution.
Retinol binding protein 4 abundance in plasma and tissues is related to body fat deposition in cattle
Authors: Liu Yinuo , Albrecht Elke , Dannenberger Dirk , Hammon Harald M. , Kuehn Christa , Sauerwein Helga , Yang Runjun , Zhao Zhihui , Maak Steffen 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRetinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) facilitates the transport of retinol in the body but is also an adipokine and fatty acid transporter. Our study was aimed at investigating the associations between RBP4 abundance and fat deposition in cattle. Blood samples of 246 crossbred bulls were taken at 8 months of age and at slaughter at 18 months of age for the determination of RBP4, hormone levels, and fatty acid composition. Significant correlations between plasma RBP4 abundance at 8 months of age and carcass traits at 18 months of age were detected (e.g., r = 0.3; P < 0.001 to carcass fat). Furthermore, RBP4 abundances in the plasma and subcutaneous fat were higher (P < 0.05) in bulls with increased fat deposition, whereas the liver RBP4 expression was not (P > 0.05). Retinol binding protein 4 was immunohistochemically localized in or close to adipocytes within muscle and adipose tissue and in liver stellate cells but not in hepatocytes. Overall, our results indicate that increased RBP4 levels were associated with increased fat deposition and altered fatty acid composition, but not with altered glucose tolerance, in crossbred bulls. Moreover, our results suggest that adipose-tissue-derived RBP4 may contribute to the circulating RBP4 level.
Plasmonic colours predicted by deep learning
Authors: Baxter Joshua , Calà Lesina Antonino , Guay Jean-Michel , Weck Arnaud , Berini Pierre , Ramunno Lora 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPicosecond laser pulses have been used as a surface colouring technique for noble metals, where the colours result from plasmonic resonances in the metallic nanoparticles created and redeposited on the surface by ablation and deposition processes. This technology provides two datasets which we use to train artificial neural networks, data from the experiment itself (laser parameters vs. colours) and data from the corresponding numerical simulations (geometric parameters vs. colours). We apply deep learning to predict the colour in both cases. We also propose a method for the solution of the inverse problem – wherein the geometric parameters and the laser parameters are predicted from colour – using an iterative multivariable inverse design method.