bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental setup for light-to-heat NIR conversion measurements of gold nanoparticle solutions
Authors: Uzunov Nikolay , Bello Michele , Melendez-Alafort Laura , De Nardo Laura 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In recent years, there is a constantly increasing interest in the application of nanoparticles for cancer diagnosis and cancer therapy. In this respect, the most promising nano-objects at present are the gold nanoparticles. A very convenient and powerful property of these objects is their ability to increase their temperature under electro-magnetic irradiation with certain wavelength. In our research we have directed our efforts toward particular nano-objects specifically sensitive to electromagnetic radiation in the near-infrared region (NIR). In order to study the photothermic properties of the solutions of gold nanoparticles in the NIR we constructed a specific electronic setup consisting of a laser system with interchangeable laser diodes with different wavelength NIR light, a thermally-insulated cuvette-holder compartment with temperature measuring probes and a NIR spectrometer to control the stimulated fluorescence emission of the nanoparticle solutions. The temperature measurement compartment with the thermal-insulated cuvette holder was designed to maintain the solutions’ temperature at a fixed value right before the moment of laser irradiation. To maintain the measurement setup at a fixed temperature before the irradiation we used a thermal stabilized system based on two Peltier cells with electronic temperature control. The temperatures of the ambient air and the temperature of the cuvette walls were continuously measured in order to make corrections about the temperature dissipation during the irradiation.
A New Approach to Evaluate Fabric Hand Based on Three-Dimensional Drape Model
Authors: Hussain Azmat , Zhong Yueqi , Naveed Tayyab , Yu Zhicai , Xi Zhang , Ge Wu 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Fabric quality and performance is assessed subjectively by the customer using an important and complex phenomenon of fabric hand. Objectively, it is evaluated with complicated and expensive instruments, such as Kawabata Evaluation System for Fabrics (KES-F) and Fabric Assurance with Simple Testing (FAST). The present research explores a non-touch objective approach, i.e., three-dimensional (3D) drape model to estimate fabric hand. Fabric hand prediction was testified on different commercial fabrics spanning a wide range of areal weight, thickness, yarn count, and fabric density. Fabric objective ranks based on drape indicators using principal component analysis (PCA) were compared with subjective ranks of fabric hand. Additionally, fabric drape is evaluated three dimensionally and a new drape indicator drape height (DH) is proposed. The cosine similarity results have proved fabric drape as an objective alternate to fabric hand.
The Effect of Electric Field on Nanofibers Preparation in Cylindrical-Electrode-Assisted Solution Blowing Spinning
Authors: Zheng Wenxing , Zheng Wenyu , Wang Xinhou 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Cylindrical-electrode-assisted solution blowing spinning (CSBS) is a novel nanofiber preparation method. The electric field of CSBS not only is one of the main innovations of this technology but also plays a key role in the preparation of nanofibers. In this article, the electric field of CSBS and the influences of electric field on the preparation of nanofibers were studied systematically for the first time by simulations, theoretical analyses, and experiments. This paper innovatively established the coaxial capacitor model for studying the CSBS electric field. The effects of electric field on the preparation and morphology of CSBS nanofibers were theoretically investigated by using this model. The theoretical formulas that can express the relationships between the various electric field variables were obtained. The electric field strength distribution, voltage distribution, and the relationships between the electric field parameters of CSBS were obtained by finite element simulations. The simulations’ results show that reducing the diameter of cylinder (DC) or increasing the voltage increase the electric field strength of the jet surface. Experimental results reveal that increasing voltage or reducing DC can reduce the diameter of nanofibers. The experimental and simulation results prove the correctness of the theoretical research conclusions. The theoretical and simulation conclusions of this paper lay a theoretical foundation for further study of CSBS electric field. The experimental conclusions can directly guide the controllable preparation of CSBS nanofibers.
Impact of Creating Evacuate Tube Transportation Technology for Connecting European Union and China
Authors: Rumin Rafał , Kozioł Kamil , Polak Joanna 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The article presents an economic potential of the trade exchange between China and European Union using the new type of transport – basing on vacuum trains. This technology bases on transporting goods in a capsule. The capsule is moving inside an airtight tube, where the air pressure is decreased to about 100Pa. Owing to the low pressure, an air friction value is very low too, what is enabling to move the capsule inside the tube without meaningful energy loss from the air friction. The transport will provide a very fast and economical shipping of goods between China and Europe. It is expected, that the capsules can reach the speed about 1000 km/h.
Taking all these factors into account, there are new opportunities for the trade exchange with China. It applies especially to the transshipment- industrial districts like Sichuan, Yunnan, Kweichow, and the Chongqing city. The potential of these provinces is a population about 200 millions people, a territory which is twice the size of France and quick economic growth – about 10%. In 2016, the train from Chengdu to Łódź have left 463 times, in 2017 there are 1000 trains planned. The economy of Sichuan is basing on: agriculture, hydropower, big resources of natural gas, heavy industry, and electronics. In Chongqing, there are mainly: automotive, heavy industry, electronics, and chemical industry. In Yunnan dominate agricultural processing, natural resources, and heavy industry. From the viewpoint of polish business, the Sichuan province and the Chongqing city are especially noteworthy. These two are firstly making use of developing Chinese economy. They are also contributing to the „New Silk Road” – OBOR project (One Belt and One Road Initiative) and aspiring to become the trade, financial, scientific-technological and telecommunication-transport center.
The Reception of Roman Obligations in China
Authors: Wiśniewski Bartosz 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The Chinese legal system has got many keystones. One of them is Roman law. It can be seen in obligations, in the very important part of private law. China has got a unique history and the Latin civilization has got the same characteristic too. Despite the fact of the independent development of the Roman Empire and the Chinese Empire those two legal systems were able to meet in the reception of Roman obligations in China in the twentieth century.
That process may create some disputes. Roman law is one of the features of Western civilization. In the Far East, the situation is different. It is not possible to understand the Chinese legal culture without Confucianism, other philosophies, the role of relationships and the heritage of communism.
The connection of two different legal systems in the sphere of obligation which was ended in 1999 when The Contract Law was promulgated may be evaluated in different ways. Maybe the most appropriate is the phrase that in current China everything is possible but nothing is easy.
Konrad Adenauer as a German Statesman and Politician of Integrating Europe
Authors: Gaziński Benon 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The article is a synthetic outlook at Konrad Adenauer’s life, activity and the legacy of that politician, described in a tendentious way in the past period, and nowadays – after a temporary increase in the interest during the first years of systemic transformation – deserving a closer examination. In the initial part of the article, some integration concepts of past centuries have been outlined. Then, in a biographical sketch, Adenauer’s private and public activities were characterized, falling into diverse political periods, ranging from imperial Germany, to the post-war formation of the foundations of a reborn democratic state. His participation in these events is outlined. The main achievements of Adenauer during almost 30 years of work in the Cologne municipality are pointed out and the repressions he suffered during the Nazi regime and his participation in the post-war reconstruction of Germany were discussed: long-term leadership in the CDU and the 14-year period of government as the first chancellor of democratic post-war Germany. It was pointed out that the political line he designated, the active presence of Germany in the uniting Europe, proved to be very stable and continued by his successive successors.
The impact of formal and non – formal education on youth employability in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Pilav-Velić Amila , Jahić Hatidža , Okičić Jasmina , Kokorović-Jukan Meldina 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Education plays a central role in today’s understanding of growth and development dynamics. However, its relationship with other factors is complex. This paper aims to investigate the effect of different forms of education on youth employability in Bosnia and Herzegovina. This is done by using the USAID MEASURE – BiH National Youth Survey. Research has shown that formal education and non-formal education through internship programmes, volunteering, paid jobs other than internships are significant predictors of youth employment status. The study also has several implications for academics and practitioners since it provides new insights into both employment patterns and practices in one transition economy but also calls for further analysis of the link between education, formal and non-formal, and youth employment.
The influence of stand density on the structure of harvestmen communities (Opiliones) in a submountain beech forest
Authors: Stašiov Slavomír , Svitok Marek 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Modification of forest stand density by thinning is a common silvicultural practice implemented in management of production forests. However, changes in the stand density can entail considerable changes to the present forest environment and communities. The current knowledge about the effect of stand density modification on the local animal communities is based mainly on the flagship groups such as carabid beetles or birds. We focused our study on harvestmen. We explored how the stand density influences species composition of this species communities in submountain beech forests. The study was conducted in the Kováčovská dolina valley (Kremnické vrchy Mts, Central Slovakia) in 1997 and 1998, the method used was pitfall trapping. In total, 9 harvestmen species from 5 families were recorded. Prior to our research, the forest stands at the study locality were subject to thinning interventions the intensity of which influenced the structure of the local harvestmen communities. The most pronounced was the effect of very intensive thinning with stand density reduced below 0.5. From the recorded species, four preferred forest stands with lower stand density (Lophopilio palpinalis, Oligolophus tridens, Nemastoma lugubre, Trogulus nepaeformis), two species (Platybunus bucephalus, Dicranolasma scabrum) preferred forest stands with higher stand density. Generalization of the observed pattern requires to explore a wider spectrum of beech forests.
Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus) antler characteristics reflecting the local environmental conditions
Authors: Kavan Jan , Anděrová Veronika 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
A new non-invasive method based on picture analysis was used to estimate the conditions in Svalbard reindeer populations. The well-being of an individual subject is often expressed through visual indices. Two distinct reindeer populations were compared based on their antler parameters. Relative antler size and number of tines are variables supposed to reflect correspondingly the environmental conditions of sedentary populations within the growing season. The occurrence areas of two studied populations are distinctly isolated – separated with high mountain ridges, glaciers and fjords. The population in Petuniabukta occupies a sparsely vegetated region with harsh climatic conditions, whereas Skansbukta represents an area with continuous tundra vegetation cover, milder climatic conditions and, consequently, also a longer vegetation season. These environmental factors probably caused significant differences in the relative antler size and number of tines in the studied species. The Skansbukta population exhibited a larger relative antler size and higher number of tines than the population in Petuniabukta (both parameters differed significantly, p < 0.01). This difference reflects concisely the different environmental conditions of both locations. A comparison of Skansbukta population antler characteristics between years 2017 and 2018 did not reveal significant changes, most probably due to very similar atmospheric conditions in these two years (in terms of air temperature).
Specialist Languages in Translation: The Case of Selected Expressions of Property Law
Authors: Selmistraitis Linas , Gęborys Katarzyna , Krawiec Marek 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe concept of specialist languages has been widely discussed and analyzed not only with respect to the linguistic field (in the context of which certain changes are anticipated in language as a communicational tool), or translation studies (including cultural aspects of expressions and their equivalents) but also with respect to strategies and techniques used in the foreign language teaching process. The main objective of this paper is to examine the language of law on a sample of selected Polish legal expressions (property law expressions) and their English equivalents. The article points to the ways of translating expressions from this specialist language and emphasizes the need to include some cultural aspects in the translation process. The article starts with a presentation of various views on translation, and then provides information on specialist languages, their types and features, leading subsequently to the analysis of certain terms and concepts of law and the ways of translating them.
Education and upbringing towards self-respect, subjectivism and pupil’s identity in the phase of puberty
Authors: Gulin Wojciech 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In this elaboration four important existential issues were outlined: self-respect, subjectivism identity and puberty in the context of education and upbringing.
From the philosophical side subjectivism and self-respect are ontologically ascribed to every human being, whereas the sense of self-respect and subjectivism develop and affect human being’s identity. That is why the sense of self-respect and subjectivism are very important spheres of educational and pedagogical influence. In this elaboration the sense of subjectivism and self-respect as well as the development of identity refer to the period of puberty especially to its first years, time which has special significance for every human being’s life. Young person makes an attempt to function in the grown-ups world but without any individual experience. He seeks his way of life. In this period the pupil is controversial, critical, with his behavior opposes to social rules. His attempt to create his outlook on life, own ideas, reception of the truths of faith often opposes to the grown up world. Pupil, who becomes grown up, distances from parents, teachers and form-masters – he learns how to be independent. Features named above are normal during the growth and development. All of us went through this. Familiarity with human being’s development and his very important part namely puberty helps teachers and parents – its significance is unquestionable. Thanks to this knowledge they can plan precisely their educational and pedagogical actions. In this way teachers and parents can influence proper development of every pupil’s personality and because of this achieve their own pedagogical success.
Parents as tutors for the development and education of a child
Authors: Więcławska Anna 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The family is a model of society for the child. Relationships provide information on how adults relate to each other. The child observes the world of adults and their behavior. The condition for full protection of child’s development and maturity is love for the environment, acceptance of parents and family’s cohesion. Proper implementation of parentalroles, recognition of the rights and duties of the child and providing conditions for comprehensive development, determining the high value of the family’s educational environment. They can develop and develop values in people, without inhibitions and prejudices, joyful and open to the world. The family is the first person bringing up children. A properly functioning family creates the most perfect conditions for the maturity and development of a human being. Parents are the most important teachers in the development and education of a child to maturity.
Ageing in the contemporary world
Authors: Suwiński Eugeniusz 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
All societies of our civilization are growing old, people live longer and longer and there are more and more old people. It results in the fact that problems of old people, either individual or of social aspects, are getting one of the crucial tasks for the society nowadays. In fact, there are no grounds to envy or to feel compassion for old people. The old man is a fully normal man, only the old one. We are all growing old…whether we want it or not – and we can only wonder, how it will be, when we get old… Without any doubt, it is important to live as long as possible, but not less important is the quality of life, physical and mental condition, good mood and the most of all – the good health. The old age, may not be a flow of happiness, but it of course has its good prospects and can remain positive. The aim of that study is the attempt to show the status of a man in the process of ageing and all aspects connected with this process. The study should allow us not only to perceive the positive aspects of old age, but also to acquaint ourselves with the mechanism of growing old and show us how to reduce the instinctive fear of growing old and what to do to make this period of our lives bearable and stately. What does it mean to grow old? How does it feel like to be old? How have people tried to prevent the process of ageing in different cultures in the past centuries? How it is being done nowadays? What are the advantages of growing old? The attempt to find the answers for the above mentioned questions is the aim of that study. Its keynote is paradoxically quite optimistic and helps us to stay calm in the face of this inevitable fate we all are going to meet with.
Evaluation of comprehensive ambulatory rehabilitation of people over 60 years of age
Authors: Czarkowska Magdalena , Saran Tomasz , Mazur Anna , Panasiuk Lech 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Introduction. The provision of adequate health care for a successively growing group of geriatric patients requires taking into account many factors in order to preserve and/or improve their overall health and the related functional capacity. Its crucial aspects include the ability to safely change position and locomotion, as well as the severity of discomfort from the osteoarticular system.

Aim. The objective of the present study was to assess the impact of comprehensive ambulatory rehabilitation including tailored endurance training, preceded by an ergospirometry test, on indicators showing the risk of falls and the severity of pain symptoms of patients aged 60 and over, receiving health services at the Outpatient Healthcare Home (DDOM).

Material and methods. The study involved 60 seniors during their rehabilitation cycle implemented as part of the services provided to patients at DDOM of the W. Chodźko Institute of Rural Health in Lublin. The tests were carried out in the test-retest model on the first and last day of the kinesiotherapy cycle. The Tinetti scale of the risk of falls, balance and walk and Visual Analogue Scale of the severity of pain sensations (VAS) were utilized in the research. The patient rehabilitation program at the DDOM included adapted systemic kinesiotherapy (endurance training with a load determined according to individual exercise capacity, as determined on the basis of the ergospirometry test) and local kinesiotherapy as well as physical therapy adapted to the needs resulting from the condition of the musculoskeletal system.

Results. After completing the rehabilitation cycle, the patients obtained higher scores, compared to the tests carried out before the beginning of the rehabilitation cycle, in the scales of Tinetti Questionnaire. There were also lower results of the respondents in VAS scale used to assess the severity of pain sensations.

Conclusions. As a result of the rehabilitation program applied, DDOM patients simultaneously obtained the desired changes in minimizing the risk of falls, improving the ability to maintain balance and fitness while walking, as well as reducing the severity of pain sensation.
Employees’ Competences in Knowledge-Intensive Business Sector – Comparative Analysis in Two Cee Countries
Authors: Samul Joanna , Skapska Elzbieta , Pankov Dmitrij 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Knowledge-Intensive Business Services (KIBS) are services that involve intensive use of high technologies, specialized skills and professional knowledge. However, there are insufficient findings on the competences of employees in the sector of KIBS. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of the research on employees’ competences in different service sectors of two CEE countries: Poland and Belarus. This study adopted a quantitative approach based on a questionnaire applied to 101 companies from Poland and 42 companies from Belarus. The comparative analysis shows quite similar findings - the most significant competencies are employee engagement, motivation and customer-focused orientation and play a crucial role in the efficiency of services in both countries.
Automating Forward and Reverse Supply Chains in the Context of Industry 4.0
Authors: Covaci Florina Livia 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The 4th industrial revolution brings in a transformation of the traditional supply chain towards a digital supply chain. The machines will be able to use algorithms that will enable them to automate the supply chain formation process and to quickly react to disruptions. The current approach proposes a mechanism based on a message passing inference scheme in order to address the automated supply chain formation problem in a closed-loop supply chain by integrating forward and reverse supply chains. Forward supply chain imply a series of activities required to produce new products from virgin materials and distribute them to consumers while reverse supply chains require collecting used products from consumers and reprocessing them to either recover their leftover market values or dispose of them. It has become common for companies involved in a forward supply chain to also carry out collection and reprocessing of used products. Strict environmental regulations and diminishing raw material resources have intensified the importance of reverse supply chains at an increasing rate. The proposed mechanism is evaluated using two type of supply chain configurations from textile and automobile industry, demonstrating that automated integration of reverse supply chains along with forward supply chains, lead to benefits for the participants in the supply chain.