bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pono Choices: Lessons for School Leaders From the Evaluation of a Teen Pregnancy Prevention Program
Authors: Manaseri Holly , Roberts Kelly D. , Barker Linda Toms , Tom Tammy 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe US Office of Adolescent Health (OAH) funded studies of teen pregnancy and sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevention programs in 2010. The results of a 5‐year OAH study conducted in the state of Hawai‘i with middle school youth has implications for school leaders in the selection and implementation of comprehensive sex education curricula yielding positive outcomes for youth.METHODSA cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted across 34 middle school in the state of Hawai‘i with 1783 student participants in pre‐, post‐, and 1‐year follow‐up surveys to determine effectiveness of a culturally responsive teen pregnancy prevention curriculum, called Pono Choices, specifically developed for youth in Hawai‘i.RESULTSStudents receiving the Pono Choices curriculum had significantly higher rates of knowledge gains than students in control schools, although there were no statistically significant differences in initiation of sexual activity between the groups at the 1‐year follow‐up. Teachers implemented the curriculum at high rates of adherence to fidelity making this a model for implementation.CONCLUSIONSKnowledge and retention of medically accurate teen pregnancy and STI prevention information can be attributed to implementation of a comprehensive program with attention to factors such as fidelity, program quality, engagement, and dosage.
The Implementation of Mental Health Policies and Practices in Schools: An Examination of School and State Factors
Authors: Guerra Laura A. , Rajan Sonali , Roberts Katherine J. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDPoor mental health outcomes persist among adolescent youth. Secondary schools play a critical role in fostering positive mental health by implementing policies and practices grounded in evidence. The factors associated with implementation, however, are unclear. This study examines which school‐ and state‐level factors are associated with improved implementation of mental health policies and practices at secondary schools across the United States.METHODSUS Centers for Disease Control and Prevention data stemming from 3 datasets (School Health Policies and Practices, School Health Profiles, and Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System) surveys were integrated and analyzed.RESULTSHealth educator certification, school use of data during school improvement planning, presence of a health/safety coordinator, presence of a health council and state‐provided health educator professional development in mental health and suicide prevention were each significantly positively associated with schools' implementation of mental health policies and practices.CONCLUSIONSTo promote improved implementation of mental health policies and practices in schools and provide better support for youth mental health outcomes, the use of certified health educators and health‐related supports should be considered. State health and education agencies should undertake evaluations of its mental health practices to ensure the assistance they offer to schools is evidence based.
Prevalence, Patterns, and Predictors: A Statewide Longitudinal Study of Childhood Obesity
Authors: Rouse Heather , Goudie Anthony , Rettiganti Mallik , Leath Katherine , Riser Quentin , Thompson Joseph 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDWe examined prevalence, incidence, and trajectory of obesity from kindergarten through grade 8 in one of the first states to implement annual surveillance.METHODSParticipants included 16,414 children enrolled in kindergarten in Arkansas in 2004 with complete body mass index (BMI) measurements in kindergarten and eighth grade. Repeated measures of weight status were entered in multiple linear and logistic regression models with demographics and family poverty status.RESULTSThe prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥ 95th percentile) was lowest in kindergarten (14.9%), with subsequent incidence rates consistent at 4%. Prevalence and incidence peaked in eighth grade (24.5% and 4.9%, respectively), with 33.8% of children measuring obese at least once by eighth grade. Kindergarten obesity was a significant predictor of eighth grade obesity (odds ratio, 17.5; 95% confidence interval, 15.8‐19.3). We found statistically significant 3‐way interactions for sex, race, and time, suggesting unique patterns for Hispanic boys and black girls.CONCLUSIONSOur study documents unique longitudinal patterns of obesity from kindergarten through eighth grade that expand our understanding of risk. It demonstrates the value of public school health systems that collect routine administrative data about student BMI that is integrated with education records to foster program and policy discussions.
Air Quality in Association With Rural Coal Mining and Combustion in New South Wales Australia
Authors: Hendryx Michael , Higginbotham Nicholas , Ewald Benjamin , Connor Linda H. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPurposeRural areas may face under‐recognized threats to air quality. We tested 2 hypotheses that 1) rural areas in New South Wales, Australia, would have better air quality than metropolitan Sydney, and that 2) the rural Upper Hunter region characterized by coal mining and coal combustion would have worse air quality than other rural areas of the state.MethodsWe analyzed 2017 daily mean values for New South Wales, Australia, for particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and NOx (sum of NO and NO2). Forty‐six air monitoring stations were grouped into 6 rural and urban regional areas. Linear regression models examined pollution levels in association with rural and urban regions and meteorological covariates.ResultsFindings show that daily mean pollutant levels in the rural Upper Hunter were the highest of all regions, and were significantly higher than metropolitan Sydney, with and without control for weather conditions, for every pollutant. For example, daily mean PM2.5 was 8.64 µg/m3 in the rural Upper Hunter, compared to 7.23 µg/m3 in metropolitan Sydney.ConclusionsResults highlight the need to consider both urban and rural sources of pollution in air quality studies, and appropriate policy steps to address likely rural air pollution from coal mining.
Eubacterial fluorescence in situ hybridisation and histologic features in 25 dogs with gallbladder mucocele
Authors: Wennogle S. A. Jablonski , Randall E. K. , Priestnall S. L. , Twedt D. C. , Simpson K. W. 
Published: February 2019

ObjectivesTo detect and localise bacteria in gallbladder mucoceles using fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH). To report clinical signs, clinicopathologic abnormalities, sonographic findings and histopathological findings in FISH+ and FISH− dogs with gallbladder mucoceles.Materials and MethodsRetrospective review of signalment, clinical signs, clinicopathologic and sonographic findings of 25 cases of histopathologically confirmed gallbladder mucocele. Histopathological sections of gallbladder mucocele were evaluated for cystic mucinous hyperplasia, cystic mucinous hyperplasia with cholecystitis and rupture. The number and spatial distribution of bacteria was determined by eubacterial FISH. Gallbladder contents were cultured in 21 dogs.ResultsBacteria were detected within or adherent to the gallbladder wall in eight of 25 (32%) cases. Bacterial culture was positive in one dog. Cystic mucinous hyperplasia with concurrent cholecystitis was found in 17 of 25 (68%) of dogs with gallbladder mucocele.Clinical SignificanceFISH was more sensitive for detection of bacteria in gallbladder mucoceles when compared to bacterial culture of bile. Cholecystitis was common in dogs with gallbladder mucocele. Further study is required to elucidate the relationship of cystic mucinous hyperplasia, bacteria and cholecystitis in the aetiopathogenesis and progression of gallbladder mucocele.
Trait‐like characteristics of sleep EEG power spectra in adolescents across sleep opportunity manipulations
Authors: Ong Ju Lynn , Lo June C. , Patanaik Amiya , Chee Michael W. L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe electroencephalographic power spectra of non‐rapid eye movement sleep in adults demonstrate trait‐like consistency within participants across multiple nights, even when prior sleep deprivation is present. Here, we examined the extent to which this finding applies to adolescents who are habitually sleep restricted on school‐days and sleep longer on weekends. We evaluated 78 adolescents across three sleep restriction groups who underwent different permutations of adequate sleep (9 hr time‐in‐bed), sleep restriction (5 hr time‐in‐bed), afternoon naps (1 hr afternoon) and recovery sleep (9 hr time‐in‐bed) that simulate behaviour on school‐days and weekends. The control group comprised a further 22 adolescents who had 9 hr of sleep opportunity each night. Intra‐class correlation coefficients showed moderate to almost perfect within‐subject stability in electroencephalographic power spectra across multiple nights in both sleep restriction and control groups, even when changes to sleep macrostructure were observed. While nocturnal intra‐class correlation metrics were lower in the low‐frequency and spindle frequency bins in the sleep restriction compared with the control group, hierarchical clustering measures could still identify multi‐night electroencephalographic spectra as originating from the same individual. The trait‐like characteristics of electroencephalographic spectra from an adolescent remain identifiable despite the disruptive effects of multi‐night sleep restriction to sleep architecture.
Use of targeted memory reactivation enhances skill performance during a nap and enhances declarative memory during wake in healthy young adults
Authors: Johnson Brian P. , Scharf Steven M. , Verceles Avelino C. , Westlake Kelly P. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSleep is an important component of motor memory consolidation and learning, providing a critical tool to enhance training and rehabilitation. Following initial skill acquisition, memory consolidation is largely a result of non‐rapid eye movement sleep over either a full night or a nap. Targeted memory reactivation is one method used to enhance this critical process, which involves the pairing of an external cue with task performance at the time of initial motor skill acquisition, followed by replay of the same cue during sleep. Application of targeted memory reactivation during sleep leads to increased functional connectivity within task‐related brain networks and improved behavioural performance in healthy young adults. We have previously used targeted memory reactivation throughout the first two slow‐wave sleep cycles of a full night of sleep to enhance non‐dominant arm throwing accuracy in healthy young adults. Here, we aimed to determine whether application of targeted memory reactivation throughout a 1‐hr daytime nap was sufficient to enhance performance on the same non‐dominant arm throwing task in healthy young adults. Participants were allocated to either nap or no nap, and within those groups half received targeted memory reactivation throughout a 1‐hr between‐session period, leading to four groups. Only participants who slept between sessions while receiving targeted memory reactivation enhanced their throwing accuracy upon beginning the second session. Future studies will aim to use this technique as an adjunct to traditional physical rehabilitation with individuals with neurologic diagnoses such as stroke.
Increased drug permeability of a stiffened mycobacterial outer membrane in cells lacking MFS transporter Rv1410 and lipoprotein LprG
Authors: Hohl Michael , Remm Sille , Eskandarian Haig A. , Dal Molin Michael , Arnold Fabian M. , Hürlimann Lea M. , Krügel Andri , Fantner Georg E. , Sander Peter , Seeger Markus A. 
Published: February 2019

SummaryThe major facilitator superfamily transporter Rv1410 and the lipoprotein LprG (Rv1411) are encoded by a conserved two‐gene operon and contribute to virulence in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Rv1410 was originally postulated to function as a drug efflux pump, but recent studies suggested that Rv1410 and LprG work in concert to insert triacylglycerides and lipoarabinomannans into the outer membrane. Here, we conducted microscopic analyses of Mycobacterium smegmatis lacking the operon and observed a cell separation defect, while surface rigidity measured by atomic force microscopy was found to be increased. Whereas Rv1410 expressed in Lactococcus lactis did not confer drug resistance, deletion of the operon in Mycobacterium abscessus and M. smegmatis resulted in increased susceptibility toward vancomycin, novobiocin and rifampicin. A homology model of Rv1410 revealed a periplasmic loop as well as a highly conserved aspartate, which were found to be essential for the operon’s function. Interestingly, influx of the fluorescent dyes BCECF‐AM and calcein‐AM in de‐energized M. smegmatis cells was faster in the deletion mutant. Our results unambiguously show that elevated drug susceptibility in the deletion mutant is caused by increased drug influx through a defective mycobacterial cell envelope and not by drug efflux mediated by Rv1410.
Modulation of calcineurin activity in Aspergillus nidulans: the roles of high magnesium concentrations and of transcriptional factor CrzA
Authors: Manoli Maria‐Tsampika , Espeso Eduardo A. 
Published: February 2019

SummaryA proper response to elevated extracellular calcium levels helps to most organisms to keep this secondary messenger under strict control, thereby preventing inadequate activation or inhibition of many regulatory activities into cells. In fungi, the calcineurin responsive zinc‐finger Crz1/CrzA transcription factor transduces calcium signaling to gene expression. In Aspergillus nidulans, absence of CrzA activity leads to alkaline pH sensitivity and loss of tolerance to high levels of extracellular calcium. Disruption of calcium uptake mechanisms or the presence of high levels of Mg2+ partially suppresses this calcium‐sensitive phenotype of null crzA strain. The effects of Mg2+ on CrzA phosphorylation and perturbations that reduce calcineurin phosphatase activity on CrzA demonstrate that the calcium sensitive phenotype of null crzA strain is a consequence of up‐regulated calcineurin activity under calcium‐induced conditions.
Differential responses of stomatal kinetics and steady‐state conductance to abscisic acid in a fern: comparison with a gymnosperm and an angiosperm
Authors: Grantz David A. , Linscheid Brandon S. , Grulke Nancy E. 
Published: February 2019

Summary

Origins of abscisic acid (ABA)‐mediated metabolic control of stomatal conductance have been suggested to be recent, based on a gradualistic model of stomatal evolution. In ferns, steady‐state stomatal conductance (gs) was unresponsive to ABA in some studies, supporting this model. Stomatal kinetic responses to ABA have not been considered.

We used dynamic gas exchange methods to characterise half times of stomatal opening and closing in response to step changes in light, across a range of ABA exposures in three diverse taxa.

All taxa had asymmetric kinetics, with closure slower than opening in fern and cedar, but faster than opening in soybean. Closing was fastest in soybean but opening was slowest. Stomatal kinetics, particularly for closure, responded to ABA in all three taxa. Steady‐state gs did not respond significantly to ABA in fern or cedar but responded strongly in soybean. Stomatal kinetics were responsive to ABA in fern. This finding supports a contrasting, single origin model, with ABA‐mediated regulation of stomata arising early, in conjunction with stomata themselves.

Stomatal kinetics are underutilised. Differential responses of opening and closing rates to environmental and hormonal stimuli may provide insights into phylogeny and stomatal regulatory strategies with potential application to selection for crop improvement.
Seat belts‐related behaviors in car drivers with cardiac implantable electronic devices
Authors: Niewinski Piotr , Jagielski Dariusz , Josiak Krystian , Nowak Krzysztof , Biel Bartosz , Tubek Stanislaw , Walczak Tomasz , Szemplinska Iwona , Siennicka Agnieszka , Banasiak Waldemar , Ponikowski Piotr 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundSeat belt use is the single most effective means of reducing fatal injuries in road traffic accidents. The presence of a cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) might influence seat belt‐related behaviors due to the physical proximity of the seat belt and left subclavian area in which the device is usually implanted. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of improper seat belt use may improve safety of these patients.MethodsWe performed a prospective study using a structured questionnaire with 120 CIED recipients (age, 63.9 ± 10.9 years) attending a pacing outpatient clinic. All study participants were active drivers and predominantly male. The majority of patients (79%) had undergone high‐energy device implantation.ResultsWe found that 18% of study participants do not fasten seat belts on a regular basis or use the seat belt in an atypical fashion (such as under the armpit). Moderate or high level of discomfort from the interaction between seat belt and CIED was present in 27%, while more than half (51%) were afraid of seat belt‐induced CIED damage. In multifactorial analysis, we found the following independent predictors of improper seat belt use: (1) at least moderate level of discomfort at the CIED site (P = 0.02); (2) fear of CIED damage (P = 0.009); and (3) irregular seat belt use prior to CIED implantation (P = 0.037).ConclusionsImproper seat belt‐related behaviors are common in CIED recipients. They arise from previous habits and from CIED‐related physical and psychological factors. Patients’ education regarding the importance and safety of proper seat belt use is a priority.
Diagnosing and managing allergic conjunctivitis in childhood: The allergist’s perspective
Authors: Fauquert Jean‐Luc 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAllergic conjunctivitis in childhood often poses problems of diagnosis and management for the allergist. We present the salient points concerning the diagnosis and treatment of ocular allergy emerging from a large cohort survey conducted jointly in the departments of ophthalmology and paediatric allergy in a French teaching hospital. Seasonal acute conjunctivitis is a common disorder and not overly difficult to diagnose and treat when associated with rhinitis leading to allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. An ophthalmologist should be consulted when conjunctivitis occurs alone and if another form of conjunctivitis is suspected, such as perennial allergic conjunctivitis, vernal keratoconjunctivitis or atopic keratoconjunctivitis. When IgE‐mediated hypersensitivity assessment does not establish aetiological diagnosis, a conjunctival allergen provocation test can be performed. The principal non‐IgE‐mediated allergy is chronic blepharoconjunctivitis. The main problem for differential diagnosis is the presence of signs suggestive of dry eye. Management includes non‐pharmacological treatments, such as lacrimal substitutes, avoidance measures and protection of the ocular surface. Second‐line treatment consists of eye drops, preferably single dose or without additives and with dual local action, mast cell stabilizer action and antihistaminic action. Third‐line treatment is reserved for severe forms. Short‐lasting local steroid therapy can control flare‐ups of allergic keratoconjunctivitis, which should have specialized follow‐up. Cyclosporine is a disease‐modifying treatment, which is both effective and well tolerated.
Female employees’ perception of breastfeeding‐friendly support in a public university in Spain
Authors: Leon‐Larios Fatima , Pinero‐Pinto Elena , Arnedillo‐Sanchez Socorro , Ruiz‐Ferron Cecilia , Casado‐Mejia Rosa , Benitez‐Lugo Marisa 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo explore women's experience with continuing breastfeeding when they returned to work.Design and SampleA cross‐sectional study was conducted. Participants were female employees at the University of Seville who gave birth in the last 10 years while working at University.MeasuresA questionnaire in Spanish was used to collect information on sociodemographic variables, employment characteristics, continued breastfeeding behavior after returning to work and the dimensions of the validated scale the Workplace Breastfeeding Support Scale (WBSS).ResultsA total of 197 women responded, consisting of 53.8% faculty and 46.2% administrative staff. Almost all the women had breastfed their children (92.9%). The proportion of women who continued to breastfeed after they returned to work was 51.3%. The main reason given for interrupting lactation was the challenge of reconciling family and work (53.1%). Faculty members took more breaks for breastfeeding (p = 0.002) and were able to arrange their breaks more easily (p < 0.001). Since it was easier for them to find a quiet place to pump breast milk (p = 0.025), they were more likely to continue breastfeeding after returning to work than were administrative staff (59.8% vs. 41.1%, p < 0.009).ConclusionA designated lactation space and amenities should be provided in order to extend the duration of breastfeeding.
Comparative analysis of plastocyanin–cytochrome f complex formation in higher plants, green algae and cyanobacteria
Authors: Fedorov Vladimir A. , Kovalenko Ilya B. , Khruschev Sergei S. , Ustinin Dmitry M. , Antal Taras K. , Riznichenko Galina Y. , Rubin Andrei B. 
Published: February 2019

Mechanisms of the complex formation between plastocyanin and cytochrome f in higher plants (Spinacia oleracea and Brassica rapa), green microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and two species of cyanobacteria (Phormidium laminosum and Nostoc sp.) were investigated using combined Brownian and molecular dynamics simulations and hierarchical cluster analysis. In higher plants and green algae, electrostatic interactions force plastocyanin molecule close to the heme of cytochrome f. In the subsequent rotation of plastocyanin molecule around the point of electrostatic contact in the vicinity of cytochrome f, copper (Cu) atom approaches cytochrome heme forming a stable configuration where cytochrome f molecule behaves as a rather rigid body without conformational changes. In Nostoc plastocyanin molecule approaches cytochrome f in a different orientation (head‐on) where the stabilization of the plastocyanin–cytochrome f complex is accompanied by the conformational changes of the G188E189D190 loop that stabilizes the whole complex. In cyanobacterium P. laminosum, electrostatic preorientation of the approaching molecules was not detected, thus indicating that random motions rather than long‐range electrostatic interactions are responsible for the proper mutual orientation. We demonstrated that despite the structural similarity of the investigated electron transport proteins in different photosynthetic organisms, the complexity of molecular mechanisms of the complex formation increases in the following sequence: non‐heterocystous cyanobacteria – heterocystous cyanobacteria – green algae – flowering plants.