bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiologic study of hand and upper extremity injuries by power tools
Authors: Kim Yong Hun , Choi Jin-hee , Chung Yoon Kyu , Kim Sug Won , Kim Jiye 
Published: January 2019

Background Hand injuries caused by chain saws, electric saws, and hand grinders range from simple lacerations to tendon injuries, fractures, and even amputations. This study aimed to understand the distribution of various types of hand and upper extremity injuries caused by power tools, in order to help prevent them, by investigating the incidence and cause of power tool injuries treated over a 4-year period at a single institution in Korea.
Methods We reviewed the medical records of patients who visited a single institution for power tool-induced injuries from 2011 to 2014. The distribution of sex, age, injured body part, type of injury, and mechanism of injury sustained by patients who received hand and upper extremity injuries from using an engine saw, electric saw, or hand grinder was evaluated.
Results Among 594 subjects who were injured by power tools, 261 cases were hand and upper extremity injuries. The average age was 53.2 years. Tendon injury was the most common type of injury. An electric saw was the most common type of power tool used. More injuries occurred in non-occupational settings than in occupational settings.
Conclusions In this study, power tool-induced hand and upper extremity injuries were mostly caused by direct contact with electric saw blades. More injuries occurred due to non-occupational use of these tools, but the ratios of amputations and structural injuries were similar in the non-occupational and occupational groups.
Microstructure and crystallography in Axophyllinae. Precisions on the genus Morenaphyllum
Authors: Coronado Ismael , Rodríguez Sergio 
Published: January 2019

The microstructure of the genus Morenaphyllum has been studied in ultrathin sections by means of petrographic microscopy and computer integrated polarization microscopy (CIP). Although the studied specimens are partially recrystallized, the microstructure can be observed in zones that are quite well preserved. Morenaphyllum shows walls composed of lamellae piled in bundles, lamellar dissepiments, tabulae and stereoplasmatic thickenings and septa composed of small fi bres that change their orientation from the periphery to the axial zones of the coral. In spite of the presence of some peculiarities, this microstructure fi t well with that described in other Axophyllinae.
Molecular mechanism of point mutation-induced Monopolar spindle 1 (Mps1/TTK) inhibitor resistance revealed by a comprehensive molecular modeling study
Authors: Han Yan , Wu Yungang , Xu Yi , Guo Wentao , Zhang Na , Wang Xiaoyi 
Published: January 2019

Background
Monopolar spindle 1 (Mps1/TTK) is an apical dual-specificity protein kinase in the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) that guarantees accurate segregation of chromosomes during mitosis. High levels of Mps1 are found in various types of human malignancies, such as glioblastoma, osteosarcoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and breast cancer. Several potent inhibitors of Mps1 exist, and exhibit promising activity in many cell cultures and xenograft models. However, resistance due to point mutations in the kinase domain of Mps1 limits the therapeutic effects of these inhibitors. Understanding the detailed resistance mechanism induced by Mps1 point mutations is therefore vital for the development of novel inhibitors against malignancies.

Methods
In this study, conventional molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and Gaussian accelerated MD (GaMD) simulation were performed to elucidate the resistance mechanisms of Cpd-5, a potent Mps1 inhibitor, induced by the four representative mutations I531M, I598F, C604Y, S611R.

Results
Our results from conventional MD simulation combined with structural analysis and free energy calculation indicated that the four mutations weaken the binding affinity of Cpd-5 and the major variations in structural were the conformational changes of the P-loop, A-loop and αC-helix. Energetic differences of per-residue between the WT system and the mutant systems indicated the mutations may allosterically regulate the conformational ensemble and the major variations were residues of Ile-663 and Gln-683, which located in the key loops of catalytic loop and A-loop, respectively. The large conformational and energetic differences were further supported by the GaMD simulations. Overall, these obtained molecular mechanisms will aid rational design of novel Mps1 inhibitors to combat inhibitor resistance.
Organizational response to workplace violence, and its association with depressive symptoms: A nationwide survey of 1966 Korean EMS providers
Authors: Kim Ji-Hwan , Lee Nagyeong , Kim Ja Young , Kim Soo Jin , Okechukwu Cassandra , Kim Seung-Sup 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Objectives
This study investigated whether organizational responses modified the associations between experiencing violence and depressive symptoms among emergency workers.

Methods
A nationwide survey of 1966 Korean emergency medical service (EMS) providers was analyzed. Experience of workplace violence (ie, physical violence, verbal abuse) was classified into four groups based on the victims’ reporting and organizational responses: (i) “Not experienced,” (ii) “Experienced, not reported,” (iii) “Experienced, reported, responded by organization,”and (iv) “Experienced, reported, not responded by organization.” Depressive symptoms were assessed by 11-item version of the Centers for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale.

Results
Compared to “Not experienced” group, physical violence was significantly associated with depressive symptoms among EMS providers responding “Experienced, not reported” (PR: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.37, 2.03) and “Experienced, reported, not responded by organization” (PR: 2.58, 95% CI: 1.75, 3.82), after adjusting for confounders. No significant difference was detected for workers responding “Experienced, reported, responded by organization” group (PR: 1.45, 95% CI: 0.87, 2.41). Similar trends were observed in the analysis with verbal abuse.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that organizational responses could play a critical role in mitigating depressive symptoms among EMS providers who experience violence at work.
Prevalence of pneumoconiosis among young adults aged 24-44 years in a heavily industrialized province of China
Authors: Zhao Jun-Qin , Li Jian-Guo , Zhao Chun-Xiang 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Objectives
The purposes of this study were to clarify (i) the prevalence of pneumoconiosis among young adults and (ii) the factors associated with pneumoconiosis among young adults to explore targeted solution for control of pneumoconiosis among young adults (aged 24-44 years).

Methods
The new cases diagnosed from 2001 to 2015 (extracted from the National Occupational Disease and Occupational Health Information Monitoring System) were involved in this research, including information of employer, patient’s name, date of birth, gender, date of diagnosis, first year of dust exposure, duration of exposure, aggregation etc

Results
A total of 1519 pneumoconiosis cases were diagnosed among young adults (21.6% of overall cases). Silicosis was the most common type with acute process of disease. Compared with overall cases, the young patients had shorter duration of exposure, more stage II/III cases and higher aggravation rate; and were even more concentrated in small and medium enterprises where more migrant workers were employed and insufficient protective measures were used. Without further regulation, the prevalence of pneumoconiosis among young adults would bring not only disease suffering for 3000 individuals and their families, but also an annual economic loss up to 180 million yuan for Hebei province till 2025.

Conclusions
As a typical heavily industrialized province of China, Hebei has severe situation on pneumoconiosis among young adults. Special attention and effort on silica-contacting industries, small and medium enterprises, and migrant workers should be focused in future occupational supervision and regulation among young adults.
Validation of a smart chair and corresponding smartphone app as an objective measure of desk-based sitting
Authors: Arrogi Anass , Boen Filip , Seghers Jan 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Objectives
This study evaluated the validity of a smart chair and corresponding smartphone app (chair&app) to measure sitting time and sitting interruptions against camera-derived observation and activPAL.

Methods
Belgian deskbound university employees (n = 28, 17 women, mean age 30 ± 7.5 years, mean BMI 22.1 ± 2.0 kg/m2) were provided with the chair&app in three conditions: a controlled condition (following a prescribed protocol), a free-living condition (conducting usual office work for 2 hours), and an extended free-living condition (conducting usual office work for three consecutive days). Total sitting time and the number of sitting interruptions were compared between the chair&app and criterion measures (camera observation and activPAL). Criterion validity was assessed using mean differences (95% CI) and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC; 95% CI).

Results
In the controlled condition, mean sitting time and number of sitting interruptions differed between chair&app and camera observation by 2.7 (−2.4, 7.9) minutes and −8.0 (−10.4, −5.6) interruptions, respectively. For the free-living condition, there was good agreement between chair&app and camera observation for both sitting time (ICC: 0.74; 0.28, 0.93) and sitting interruptions (ICC: 0.68; 0.10, 0.91). For the extended free-living condition, there was excellent agreement between chair&app and activPAL for sitting time (ICC: 0.89; 0.49, 0.97). Meanwhile, there was poor agreement between chair&app and activPAL for sitting interruptions (ICC: 0.38; −0.04, 0.70).

Conclusions
Chair&app generally provided reliable measures of desk-based sitting. Consequently, chair&app might be useful as a self-monitoring tool in the workplace context. Further research is needed to explore its usefulness in reducing adults’ desk-based sitting.
Factors of occurrence and improvement methods of presenteeism attributed to diabetes: A systematic review
Authors: Mori Koji , Mori Takahiro , Nagata Tomohisa , Nagata Masako , Iwasaki Mahoko , Sakai Hiroki , Kimura Koki , Shinzato Natsumi 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Objective
A systematic review was performed to study factors of occurrence and improvement methods of presenteeism attributed to diabetes.

Methods
We set 2 clinical questions; (a) how comorbidities and complications of diabetes induce presenteeism and (b) what interventions or conditions effectively improve presenteeism. Then, we conducted a comprehensive search with MEDLINE/PubMed and Scopus databases and extracted those that met the clinical questions.

Results
Eighteen papers studied occurrence of presenteeism by comorbidities and complications of diabetes. Most studies were cross-sectional and had a low quality of evidence. However, the associations of hypoglycemia, diabetic neuropathy, and mood disorders with presenteeism were relatively well studied. The papers that discussed effective interventions or conditions for improving presenteeism were very limited.

Conclusions
Our review suggests that presenteeism attributed to diabetes is mainly caused by hypoglycemia, diabetic neuropathy, and mood disorders. There are very limited evidences, but available information suggests that improving glycemic control, adjusting treatment regimen by evaluating the impact on work, providing psychological support, and developing suitable work accommodations may effectively reduce presenteeism.
Bermuda grass pollen allergen implicated in clinically relevant cross-reactivity to multiple grains: A case report
Authors: Lee Jihye , Kang Young Joong 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background
Anaphylaxis is a severe and potentially fatal type of allergic reaction and is characterized by the rapid development of symptoms in the respiratory and circulatory systems, possibly leading to death if not treated properly. Occupational anaphylaxis, which does not exhibit significant differences in pathogenesis from the nonoccupational form, develops in response to work-related triggers. However, the onset of occupational anaphylaxis can also be triggered by other factors. Therefore, an unexpected episode may occur due to exposure to a previously sensitized antigen or cross-reaction in the occupational environment, even if the direct trigger has been removed. Accordingly, it is difficult to diagnosis and treat such cases and ensure avoidance of potential triggers.

Case presentation
An adult male patient developed anaphylaxis following exposure to grass antigens while replacing and burying sewer pipes at a theme park. He later developed cross-reactivity to other grains. Despite symptomatic treatment, his total serum level of allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (Ig E) antibodies continuously increased, and thus, he was admitted with severe hypersensitivity, at which time his serum levels of Ig E antibodies specific for Bermuda grass, wheat, and rice had also increased.

Conclusion
In Korea, Bermuda grass is rarely seen and is generally found in athletic fields or theme parks. Following exposure to this relatively rare grass, our patient exhibited new anaphylactic responses to various external antigens. Therefore, we attribute his severe anaphylaxis to sensitization caused by Bermuda grass exposure and cross-reactive hypersensitivity to other grains.
Modulation of Intracellular Oxygen Pressure by Dual‐Drug Nanoparticles to Enhance Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Fan Ya‐Tong , Zhou Tian‐Jiao , Cui Peng‐Fei , He Yu‐Jing , Chang Xin , Xing Lei , Jiang Hu‐Lin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractOxygen plays an essential role in the photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer. However, hypoxia inside tumors severely attenuates the therapeutic effect of PDT. To address this issue, a novel strategy is reported for cutting off the oxygen consumption pathway by using sub‐50 nm dual‐drug nanoparticles (NPs) to attenuate the hypoxia‐induced resistance to PDT and to enhance PDT efficiency. Specifically, dual‐drug NPs that encapsulate photosensitizer (PS) verteporfin (VER) and oxygen‐regulator atovaquone (ATO) with sub‐50 nm diameters can penetrate deep into the interior regions of tumors and effectively deliver dual‐drug into tumor tissues. Then, ATO released from NPs efficiently reduce in advance cellular oxygen consumption by inhibition of mitochondria respiratory chain and further heighten VER to generate greater amounts of 1O2 in hypoxic tumor. As a result, accompanied with the upregulated oxygen content in tumor cells and laser irradiation, the dual‐drug NPs exhibit powerful and overall antitumor PDT effects both in vitro and in vivo, and even tumor elimination. This study presents a potential appealing clinical strategy in photodynamic eradication of tumors.
Thermochromic Lead‐Free Halide Double Perovskites
Authors: Ning Weihua , Zhao Xin‐Gang , Klarbring Johan , Bai Sai , Ji Fuxiang , Wang Feng , Simak Sergei I. , Tao Youtian , Ren Xiao‐Ming , Zhang Lijun , Huang Wei , Abrikosov Igor A. , Gao Feng 
Published: January 2019

AbstractLead‐free halide double perovskites with diverse electronic structures and optical responses, as well as superior material stability show great promise for a range of optoelectronic applications. However, their large bandgaps limit their applications in the visible light range such as solar cells. In this work, an efficient temperature‐derived bandgap modulation, that is, an exotic fully reversible thermochromism in both single crystals and thin films of Cs2AgBiBr6 double perovskites is demonstrated. Along with the thermochromism, temperature‐dependent changes in the bond lengths of AgBr (RAgBr) and BiBr (RBiBr) are observed. The first‐principle molecular dynamics simulations reveal substantial anharmonic fluctuations of the RAgBr and RBiBr at high temperatures. The synergy of anharmonic fluctuations and associated electron–phonon coupling, and the peculiar spin–orbit coupling effect, is responsible for the thermochromism. In addition, the intrinsic bandgap of Cs2AgBiBr6 shows negligible changes after repeated heating/cooling cycles under ambient conditions, indicating excellent thermal and environmental stability. This work demonstrates a stable thermochromic lead‐free double perovskite that has great potential in the applications of smart windows and temperature sensors. Moreover, the findings on the structure modulation‐induced bandgap narrowing of Cs2AgBiBr6 provide new insights for the further development of optoelectronic devices based on the lead‐free halide double perovskites.
NIR‐II Excitable Conjugated Polymer Dots with Bright NIR‐I Emission for Deep In Vivo Two‐Photon Brain Imaging Through Intact Skull
Authors: Wang Shaowei , Liu Jie , Feng Guangxue , Ng Lai Guan , Liu Bin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMethods for noninvasive brain imaging are highly desirable to study brain structures in neuroscience. Two‐photon fluorescence microscopy (2PFM) with near‐infrared (NIR) light excitation is a relatively noninvasive approach commonly used to study brain with high spatial resolution and large imaging depth. However, most of the current studies require cranial window implantation or skull‐thinning methods due to attenuation of excitation light. 2PFM through intact mouse skull is challenging due to strong scattering induced by skull bone. Herein, NIR‐II light excitable single‐chain conjugated polymer dots (CPdots) with bright fluorescence in NIR‐I region (peak at ≈725 nm and quantum yield of 20.6 ± 1.0%) are developed for deep in vivo two‐photon fluorescence (2PF) imaging of intact mouse brain. The synthesized CPdots exhibit good biocompatibility, high photostability, and large two‐photon absorption cross section. The CPdots allow 2PF images acquired upon excitation at 800, 1040 and 1200 nm with the highest signal‐to‐background ratio of 208 demonstrated for 1200 nm excitation. Moreover, a 3D reconstruction of the brain blood vessel network is obtained with a large vertical depth of 400 µm through intact skull. This work demonstrates great potential of bright NIR fluorophores for in vivo deep tissue imaging.
Bottom‐Up Preparation of Fully sp2‐Bonded Porous Carbons with High Photoactivities
Authors: Ming Wenyong , Bi Shuai , Zhang Yinghang , Yu Kaijin , Lu Chenbao , Fu Xiaobin , Qiu Feng , Liu Ping , Su Yuezeng , Zhang Fan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPorous carbons, possessing exceptional stability, high surface area, and electric conductivity, are broadly used as superior adsorbent, supporter, or electrode material for environmental protection, industrial catalysis, and energy storage and conversion. The construction of such kinds of materials with designable structures and properties will extremely extend their potential applications, but remains a huge synthetic challenge. Herein, a bottom‐up approach is presented to synthesize one type of fully sp2 carbon–bonded frameworks by transition metal–catalyzed cross‐coupling of different polyphenylenes with electron‐withdrawing 9,9′‐bifluorenylidene (9,9′‐BF) through its 2,7‐position. The resulting porous polymeric carbons exhibit substantial semiconducting properties, such as strong light‐harvesting capabilities in the visible light region, likely due to their π‐extended backbones with donor–acceptor characters. Their electronic and porous structures can be finely tuned via the polyphenylene spacers. The intriguing properties allow these porous carbons to efficiently catalyze dye degradation under visible light or even natural sunlight with high reusability. Meanwhile, associated with their intrinsic structures, these porous carbons also exhibit highly selective degradation activities toward different dyes. In particular, the photodegradation mechanism involving oxygen and electron is elucidated for the first time for such kinds of materials, related to the presence of specific 9,9′‐BF units in their π‐conjugated skeletons.
Robust Above‐Room‐Temperature Ferromagnetism in Few‐Layer Antimonene Triggered by Nonmagnetic Adatoms
Authors: Tang Xian , Hu Liang , Fan Touwen , Zhang Le , Zhu Liping , Li Hui , Liu Haoliang , Liang Jiyuan , Wang Kedong , Li Zhongjun , Ruan Shuangchen , Zhang Yupeng , Fan Dianyuan , Chen Weicheng , Zeng Yu‐Jia , Zhang Han 
Published: January 2019

Abstract2D ferromagnets have attracted considerable attention due to their strong potential in the post‐Moore Law era. However, intrinsic 2D ferromagnetic materials typically suffer from suppressed Curie temperature due to thermal fluctuation, magnetic order instability in the 2D limit, and others. Herein, a nonmagnetic fluorine modification strategy is proposed to control the ferromagnetism of air‐stable antimonene. It is demonstrated that fluorinated antimonene (F‐antimonene), synthesized via an electrochemical exfoliation and synchronous fluorination method, exhibits robust ferromagnetism with a Curie temperature of up to 717 K (compared with a Curie temperature of 220 K for pristine antimonene) and a saturation magnetization of ≈0.1 emu g−1 (determined by the fluorination degree). First‐principles simulations confirm that the robust long‐range ferromagnetic order in the half‐metallic F‐antimonene is induced by the low‐density sp‐electron‐polarized impurity subbands. The study constitutes a nonmagnetic control of robust above‐room‐temperature ferromagnetism in monoelemental 2D semiconductors and paves a new route toward 2D atomic layer‐based spin devices.
Versatile Defect Passivation Methods for Metal Halide Perovskite Materials and their Application to Light‐Emitting Devices
Authors: Lee Seungjin , Kim Da Bin , Yu Jae Choul , Jang Chung Hyeon , Park Jong Hyun , Lee Bo Ram , Song Myoung Hoon 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMetal halide perovskites (MHPs) have emerged as promising emitters because of their excellent optoelectronic properties, including high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs), wide‐range color tunability, and high color purity. However, a fundamental limitation of MHPs is their low exciton binding energy, which results in a low radiative recombination rate and the dependence of PLQY on the excitation intensity. Under the operating conditions of light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), the injected current densities are typically lower than the trap density, leading to a low actual PLQY. Moreover, the defects not only initiate the decomposition of MHPs caused by extrinsic factors, but also intrinsically stimulate ion migration across the interface and lead to the corrosion of electrodes due to interaction between those electrodes, even under inert conditions. The passivation of defects has proven to be effective for mitigating the effects of defects in MHPs. Herein, the origins and theoretical calculations of the defect tolerance in MHPs and the impact of defects on both the performance and stability of perovskite LEDs are reviewed. The passivation methods and materials for MHP bulk films and nanocrystals are discussed in detail. Based on the currently reported advances, specific requirements and future research directions for display applications are suggested.