bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community, facility and individual level impact of integrating mental health screening and treatment into the primary healthcare system in Sehore district, Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Shidhaye Rahul , Baron Emily , Murhar Vaibhav , Rathod Sujit , Khan Azaz , Singh Abhishek , Shrivastava Sanjay , Muke Shital , Shrivastava Ritu , Lund Crick , Patel Vikram 
Published: May 2019

IntroductionProgramme for Improving Mental Health Care (PRIME) designed a comprehensive mental healthcare plan (MHCP) for Sehore district, Madhya Pradesh, India. The objective of this paper is to describe the findings of the district-level impact evaluation of the MHCP.MethodsRepeat community-based CS were conducted to measure change in population-level contact coverage for depression and alcohol use disorders (AUD), repeat FDS were conducted to assess change in detection and initiation of treatment for depression and AUD, and the effect of treatment on patient outcomes was assessed using disorder-specific prospective cohort studies.ResultsPRIME MHCP did not have any impact on contact coverage/treatment seeking for depression (14.8% at the baseline and 10.5% at the follow-up) and AUD (7.7% at the baseline and 7.3% at the follow-up) and had a small impact on detection and initiation of treatment for depression and AUD (9.7% for depression and 17.8% for AUD compared with 0% for both at the baseline) in the health facilities. Patients with depression who received care as part of the MHCP had higher rates of response (52.2% in the treatment group vs 26.9% in the comparison/usual care group), early remission (70.2% in the treatment group vs 44.8% in the comparison/usual care group) and recovery (56.1% in the treatment group vs 28.5% in the comparison/usual care group), but there was no impact of treatment on their functioning.ConclusionsWhile dedicated human resources (eg, Case Managers) and dedicated space for mental health clinics (eg, Mann-Kaksha) strengthen the ‘formal’ healthcare platform, without substantial additional investments in staff, such as Community Health Workers/Accredited Social Health Activists to improve community level processes and provision of community-based continuing care to patients, we are unlikely to see major changes in coverage or clinical outcomes.
Role of socioeconomic status and housing conditions in geriatric depression in rural China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Fang Mingwang , Mirutse Gebremeskel , Guo Ling , Ma Xiao 
Published: May 2019

ObjectivesThe primary aim of this study was to describe the socioeconomic status (SES), housing conditions and depression of the elderly in rural China, as well as to examine the associations between depression and SES and housing conditions using the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS).DesignThis is a cross-sectional study.SettingA nationally representative sample of elderly in rural China.ParticipantsA total of 4585 elderly adults in 2015 in rural China.Outcome measuresPrevalence and risk factors of depression among rural elderly.ResultsAmong the participants in this study, approximately 46.15% (2116/4585) reported depressive symptoms (10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale [CESD-10] score >10) in rural China. The results revealed significant associations between higher scores on CESD-10 (indicating more symptoms of depression) and lowest personal annual income (OR=1.63, 95% CI 1.290 to 2.060), polluting cooking fuel (OR=1.16, 95% CI 1.018 to 1.321), toilet without seat (OR=1.273, 95% CI 1.056 to 1.535), as well as having no bath facility (OR=1.172, 95% CI 1.025 to 1.341) after adjustment for confounders.ConclusionElderly in rural China experienced severe depressive symptoms. Lowest personal annual income, polluting cooking fuel, toilet without seat and having no bath facility were significantly associated with more depressive symptoms. Caution needs to be taken in generalising the findings of this study to the rest of the population in China since its highly selected sample.
Spatio-temporal comparison of pertussis outbreaks in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 2004–2005 and 2012: a population-based study
Authors: Wi Chung-Il , Wheeler Philip H , Kaur Harsheen , Ryu Euijung , Kim Dohyeong , Juhn Young 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveTwo pertussis outbreaks occurred in Olmsted County, Minnesota, during 2004–2005 and 2012 (5–10 times higher than other years), with significantly higher incidence than for the State. We aimed to assess whether there were similar spatio-temporal patterns between the two outbreaks.SettingOlmsted County, Minnesota, USAParticipantsWe conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study of all Olmsted County residents during the 2004–2005 and 2012 outbreaks, including laboratory-positive pertussis cases.Primary outcome measureFor each outbreak, we estimated (1) age-specific incidence rate using laboratory-positive pertussis cases (numerator) and the Rochester Epidemiology Project Census (denominator), a medical record-linkage system for virtually all Olmsted County residents, and (2) pertussis case density using kernel density estimation to identify areas with high case density. To account for population size, we calculated relative difference of observed density and expected density based on age-specific incidence.ResultsWe identified 157 and 195 geocoded cases in 2004–2005 and 2012, respectively. Incidence was the highest among adolescents (ages 11 to <14 years) for both outbreaks (9.6 and 7.9 per 1000). The 2004–2005 pertussis outbreak had higher incidence in winter (52% of cases) versus summer in 2012 (53%). We identified a consistent area with higher incidence at the beginning (ie, first quartile) of two outbreaks, but it was inconsistent for later quartiles. The relative difference maps for the two outbreaks suggest a greater role of neighbourhood population size in 2012 compared with 2004–2005.ConclusionsComparing spatio-temporal patterns between two pertussis outbreaks identified a consistent geographical area with higher incidence of pertussis at the beginning of outbreaks in this community. This finding can be tested in future outbreaks, and, if confirmed, can be used for identifying epidemiological risk factors clustered in such areas for geographically targeted intervention.
A cross-sectional study of predatory publishing emails received by career development grant awardees
Authors: Wilkinson Tracey A , Russell Christopher J , Bennett William E , Cheng Erika R , Carroll Aaron E 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveTo investigate the scope of academic spam emails (ASEs) among career development grant awardees and the factors associated with the amount of time spent addressing them.DesignA cross-sectional survey of career development grant investigators via an anonymous online survey was conducted. In addition to demographic and professional information, we asked investigators to report the number of ASEs received each day, how they determined whether these emails were spam and time they spent per day addressing them. We used bivariate analysis to assess factors associated with the amount of time spent on ASEs.SettingAn online survey sent via email on three separate occasions between November and December 2016.ParticipantsAll National Institutes of Health career development awardees funded in the 2015 fiscal year.Main outcome measuresFactors associated with the amount of time spent addressing ASEs.ResultsA total of 3492 surveys were emailed, of which 206 (5.9%) were returned as undeliverable and 96 (2.7%) reported an out-of-office message; our overall response rate was 22.3% (n=733). All respondents reported receiving ASEs, with the majority (54.4%) receiving between 1 and 10 per day and spending between 1 and 10 min each day evaluating them. The amount of time respondents reported spending on ASEs was associated with the number of peer-reviewed journal articles authored (p<0.001), a history of publishing in open access format (p<0.01), the total number of ASEs received (p<0.001) and a feeling of having missed opportunities due to ignoring these emails (p=0.04).ConclusionsASEs are a common distraction for career development grantees that may impact faculty productivity. There is an urgent need to mitigate this growing problem.
Obstetric and non-obstetric surgery during pregnancy: A 20-year Danish population-based prevalence study
Authors: Rasmussen Anne Staub , Christiansen Christian Fynbo , Uldbjerg Niels , Nørgaard Mette 
Published: May 2019

ObjectivesPopulation-based studies on use of non-obstetric and obstetric surgical procedures during pregnancy are sparse. Therefore, our objective was to estimate the prevalence of surgery during pregnancy, including potential time trends, overall and by trimester and describe the characteristics of pregnant women undergoing surgery.DesignThis study is a large nationwide cohort study.SettingFrom administrative and medical databases, we obtained information about all pregnancies ending in a live birth, a stillbirth or an abortion (spontaneous and induced) in Denmark during 1996–2015. Procedures (excluding caesarean sections) conducted during pregnancy were categorised as a non-obstetric or obstetric surgery and further divided into laparoscopic or non-laparoscopic procedures.Main outcome measureMain outcome measure is prevalence of surgery during pregnancy.ResultsWe included 1 687 176 pregnancies of which 108 502 (6.4%) received 117 424 surgical procedures. The prevalence of non-obstetric surgery was almost stable (1.5% in 1996–1999 to 1.6% in 2012–2015), whereas non-obstetric abdominal or gynaecological laparoscopic procedures increased from 0.5% to 0.8%. For appendectomies, the proportion of laparoscopic surgery increased from 4.2% to 79.2% during the study period. In 49 pregnancies, surgery for internal herniation was conducted in 2012–2015 versus none in 1996–1999. The prevalence of obstetric surgery, excluding invasive diagnostic tests, increased from 0.2% to 0.8%. High multiplicity, smoking, increasing age, body mass index (BMI) and parity were factors associated with a high prevalence of surgery during pregnancy.ConclusionsThe increase in the prevalence of laparoscopic surgery during pregnancy may reflect a decreased restraint concerning conductance of these surgical procedures during pregnancy. The increasing proportion of laparoscopic procedures complies with clinical recommendations, and the prevalence of surgery during pregnancy varied by multiplicity, smoking status, parity, age and BMI.
Long-term unmet needs after stroke: systematic review of evidence from survey studies
Authors: Chen Ting , Zhang Bo , Deng Yan , Fan Jing-Chun , Zhang Liansheng , Song Fujian 
Published: May 2019

ObjectivesTo synthesise evidence on longer term unmet needs perceived by stroke survivors, and psychometric properties of the tools used to evaluate unmet care needs after stroke.DesignSystematic review.SettingCommunity or patients’ home.ParticipantsStroke survivors.MethodsWe searched PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, EMBASE from inception to 31 March 2018 to identify survey studies that evaluated unmet needs perceived by stroke survivors after hospital discharge. Reported unmet needs were categorised under three domains: body functioning, activity/participation and environmental factors. Ranges of prevalence rates of unmet needs reported in studies were presented.ResultsWe included 19 eligible studies, with considerable heterogeneity in patients, survey methods and results. Psychometric properties of two stroke-specific tools were formally evaluated, indicating their moderate reliability and content/concurrent validity. The median number of reported unmet needs per stroke survivor was from two to five, and the proportion of stroke survivors with at least one unmet needs was on average 73.8% (range 19.8%– 91.7%). Unmet needs perceived by stroke survivors included 55 records of unmet body functioning needs, 47 records of unmet activities/participatory needs and 101 records of unmet environmental needs. Common unmet service needs were unmet information needs (3.1%– 65.0%), transport (5.4%–53.0%), home help/personal care (4.7%–39.3%) and therapy (2.0%–35.7%).ConclusionsThe prevalence of unmet long-term needs is high among stroke survivors, and there is considerable heterogeneity in type and frequency of specific unmet needs. More research is required to link regular assessment of long-term unmet needs of stroke survivors with the provision of cost-effective patient-centred health and social care services.
Is the IdyllaEGFRMutation Assay feasible on archival stained cytological smears? A pilot study
Authors: De Luca Caterina , Conticelli Floriana , Leone Alvaro , Gragnano Gianluca , Salatiello Maria , Galasso Pasqualina , Pisapia Pasquale , Grillo Lucia Rosalba , Iaccarino Antonino , Vigliar Elena , Bellevicine Claudio , Malapelle Umberto , Troncone Giancarlo 
Published: May 2019

AimThe rapid and fully automated IdyllaEGFRMutation Assay has been specifically designed to process formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections without requiring preliminary DNA extraction. This study evaluates whether this approach can also process archival smears from patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by scraping the stained cellular material directly into the cartridge.MethodsThe study was divided into two parts. In the first part, we carried out IdyllaEGFRMutation Assay on archival stained smears from 39 patients with NSCLC. Among these, 14 cases harboured a mutation in either exon 19 (n=11) or exon 21 (n=3), previously detected on DNA extracts by fragment length and TaqMan assays. In the second part, we evaluated whether de-staining of the smears could reduce background fluorescence.ResultsThe IdyllaEGFRMutation Assay confirmed the presence ofEGFRmutation in 11 instances (78.6%). However, concordance was higher for exon 19 deletions (10/11) than for exon 21 p.L858R assessments. Raw data showed a high background fluorescence in channel 2, where theEGFRexon 21 p.L858R mutation was detected. This interference, due to dye residues from the original staining, was partially reduced by de-staining the cytological material.ConclusionsOur data, although preliminary, show that the IdyllaEGFRMutation Assay can reliably process most archival smears without requiring preliminary DNA extraction. Results may be further improved by de-staining the cellular material before insertion into the cartridge.
Mental health, fatigue and function are associated with increased risk of disease flare following TNF inhibitor tapering in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: an exploratory analysis of data from the Optimizing TNF Tapering in RA (OPTTIRA) trial
Authors: Bechman Katie , Sin Fang En , Ibrahim Fowzia , Norton Sam , Matcham Faith , Scott David Lloyd , Cope Andrew , Galloway James 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundTapering of anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) therapy appears feasible, safe and effective in selected patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Depression is highly prevalent in RA and may impact on flare incidence through various mechanisms. This study aims to investigate if psychological states predict flare in patients’ dose tapering their anti-TNF therapy.MethodsThis study is a post-hoc analysis of the Optimizing TNF Tapering in RA trial, a multicentre, randomised, open-label study investigating anti-TNF tapering in RA patients with sustained low disease activity. Patient-reported outcomes (Health Assessment Questionnaire, EuroQol 5-dimension scale, Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy fatigue scale (FACIT-F), 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36)) were collected at baseline. The primary outcome was flare, defined as an increase in 28-joint count Disease Activity Score (DAS28) ≥0.6 and ≥1 swollen joint. Discrete-time survival models were used to identify patient-reported outcomes that predict flare.ResultsNinety-seven patients were randomised to taper their anti-TNF dose by either 33% or 66%. Forty-one patients flared. Higher baseline DAS28 score was associated with flare (adjusted HR 1.96 (95% CI 1.18 to 3.24), p=0.01). Disability (SF-36 physical component score), fatigue (FACIT-F) and mental health (SF-36 mental health subscale (MH)) predicted flare in unadjusted models. In multivariate analyses, only SF-36 MH remained a statistically significant predictor of flare (adjusted HR per 10 units 0.74 (95% CI 0.60 to 0.93), p=0.01).ConclusionsBaseline DAS28 and mental health status are independently associated with flare in patients who taper their anti-TNF therapy. Fatigue and function also associate with flare but the effect disappears when adjusting for confounders. Given these findings, mental health and functional status should be considered in anti-TNF tapering decisions in order to optimise the likelihood of success.Trial registration numbersEudraCT Number: 2010-020738-24;ISRCTN28955701; Post-results.
What Number Are We?
Authors: Baran David A. , Copeland Hannah , Copeland Jack 
Published: May 2019

Background
In 2007, the United Network for Organ Sharing changed the way centers were notified of possible organ donors. In the new system, a donor sequence number (DSN) was provided signifying the position of a recipient on the list for a particular donor. Whether high DSN donors have equivalent outcomes is unknown.

Methods and Results

The United Network for Organ Sharing database was queried between May 2007 and March 2014. DSNs were divided into cohorts of 5 (sequence 1–5, 6–10, and so forth). Survival was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method. In this dataset, 12 363 adult de novo heart transplants were performed, and the median DSN was 3 with 58.3% of donors allocated locally. The distance from donor to transplant hospital was ≤500 miles in 93.8% of cases. With increasing DSN group, recipients were older, with longer ischemic time, and higher distance (
P
<0.001 for all comparisons). As well, with increasing DSN, donors were increasingly older, female sex, mismatched gender (female donor with a male recipient), lower ejection fraction, hypertensive, and had a history of smoking, alcohol, or cocaine use. For the whole cohort, the 1-year and 5-year survivals were 89.7% and 74.8%, respectively. Survival based on various cut points of DSN was investigated; there was no difference regardless of DSN.

Conclusions
Most donors since 2007 were allocated within a close geographic range. DSN functions as a crowdsourced rank with most donors being selected within low numbers. Given the similar survival of donors at higher DSN, this represents an opportunity to increase transplant volumes.
Examining Southern Ocean Cloud Controlling Factors on Daily Time Scales and Their Connections to Midlatitude Weather Systems
Authors: Kelleher Mitchell K. , Grise Kevin M. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTClouds and their associated radiative effects are a large source of uncertainty in global climate models. One region with particularly large model biases in shortwave cloud radiative effects (CRE) is the Southern Ocean. Previous research has shown that many dynamical “cloud controlling factors” influence shortwave CRE on monthly time scales and that two important cloud controlling factors over the Southern Ocean are midtropospheric vertical velocity and estimated inversion strength (EIS). Model errors may thus arise from biases in representing cloud controlling factors (atmospheric dynamics) or in representing how clouds respond to those cloud controlling factors (cloud parameterizations), or some combination thereof. This study extends previous work by examining cloud controlling factors over the Southern Ocean on daily time scales in both observations and global climate models. This allows the cloud controlling factors to be examined in the context of transient weather systems. Composites of EIS and midtropospheric vertical velocity are constructed around extratropical cyclones and anticyclones to examine how the different dynamical cloud controlling factors influence shortwave CRE around midlatitude weather systems and to assess how models compare to observations. On average, models tend to produce a realistic cyclone and anticyclone, when compared to observations, in terms of the dynamical cloud controlling factors. The difference between observations and models instead lies in how the models’ shortwave CRE respond to the dynamics. In particular, the models’ shortwave CRE are too sensitive to perturbations in midtropospheric vertical velocity and, thus, they tend to produce clouds that excessively brighten in the frontal region of the cyclone and excessively dim in the center of the anticyclone.
A Nonlinear Rank Regression Method for Ensemble Kalman Filter Data Assimilation
Authors: Anderson Jeffrey L. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
It is possible to describe many variants of ensemble Kalman filters without loss of generality as the impact of a single observation on a single state variable. For most ensemble algorithms commonly applied to Earth system models, the computation of increments for the observation variable ensemble can be treated as a separate step from computing increments for the state variable ensemble. The state variable increments are normally computed from the observation increments by linear regression using the prior bivariate ensemble of the state and observation variable. Here, a new method that replaces the standard regression with a regression using the bivariate rank statistics is described. This rank regression is expected to be most effective when the relation between a state variable and an observation is nonlinear. The performance of standard versus rank regression is compared for both linear and nonlinear forward operators (also known as observation operators) using a low-order model. Rank regression in combination with a rank histogram filter in observation space produces better analyses than standard regression for cases with nonlinear forward operators and relatively large analysis error. Standard regression, in combination with either a rank histogram filter or an ensemble Kalman filter in observation space, produces the best results in other situations.
The Advanced Dvorak Technique (ADT) for Estimating Tropical Cyclone Intensity: Update and New Capabilities
Authors: Olander Timothy L. , Velden Christopher S. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The advanced Dvorak technique (ADT) is used operationally by tropical cyclone forecast centers worldwide to help estimate the intensity of tropical cyclones (TCs) from operational geostationary meteorological satellites. New enhancements to the objective ADT have been implemented by the algorithm development team to further expand its capabilities and precision. The advancements include the following: 1) finer tuning to aircraft-based TC intensity estimates in an expanded development sample, 2) the incorporation of satellite-based microwave information into the intensity estimation scheme, 3) more sophisticated automated TC center-fixing routines, 4) adjustments to the intensity estimates for subtropical systems and TCs undergoing extratropical transition, and 5) addition of a surface wind radii estimation routine. The goals of these upgrades and others are to provide TC analysts/forecasters with an expanded objective guidance tool to more accurately estimate the intensity of TCs and those storms forming from, or converting into, hybrid/nontropical systems. The 2018 TC season is used to illustrate the performance characteristics of the upgraded ADT.