bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elevated metabolites of acetaminophen in cord blood of children with obesity
Authors: Sorrow P. , Maguire R. , Murphy S. K. , Belcher S. M. , Hoyo C. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryBackgroundHigh‐throughput metabolomics has been used cross‐sectionally to evaluate differential metabolic profiles associated with human obesity.ObjectivesThis study longitudinally assessed the cord blood metabolome to explore if metabolic signatures of obesity at age 3–5 are apparent at birth.MethodsIn a nested case–control design, metabolomics analysis was performed on umbilical cord blood of 25 children who developed obesity by age 3–5 years, compared with 25 sex‐matched non‐obese children enrolled as part of an ongoing birth cohort. Logistic regression models were used to identify significant metabolites, adjusting for maternal pre‐pregnancy obesity.ResultsChildren who had obesity by age 3–5 years had elevated levels of medium and long chain fatty acids including stearate, oleate and palmitate at birth. Children with obesity were also more likely to have elevated levels of acetaminophen metabolites at birth, specifically: 3‐(N‐acetyl‐L‐cystein‐S‐yl) acetaminophen, 2‐hydroxyacetaminophen sulfate, 2‐methoxyacetaminophen glucuronide and p‐acetamidophenyl glucuronide.ConclusionAlthough the observed increases in lipids are consistent with previous metabolomic studies of obesity, this study is the first to report associations between acetaminophen metabolites and obesity in children; however, we lack mechanistic insights for this link. Larger human studies with longer follow‐up and laboratory‐controlled animal experiments are needed to clarify associations.
Taq1a polymorphism (rs1800497) is associated with obesity‐related outcomes and dietary intake in a multi‐ethnic sample of children
Authors: Cardel M. I. , Lemas D. J. , Lee A. M. , Miller D. R. , Huo T. , Klimentidis Y. C. , Fernandez J. R. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryBackgroundIn adults, the Taq1a polymorphism (rs1800497) near the D2 receptor (DRD2) gene is associated with body mass index and binge eating and is more prevalent among non‐Hispanic Blacks (NHB) and Hispanic–Americans (HA) relative to non‐Hispanic Whites (NHW). We hypothesize Taq1a polymorphism (rs1800497) risk alleles contribute to paediatric racial/ethnic differences in obesity phenotypes.ObjectivesThis study aims to characterize the relationship between the Taq1a polymorphism (rs1800497), diet and adiposity in a multi‐ethnic cohort of 286 children (98 NHB, 76 HA and 112 NHW), ages 7–12.MethodsDual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry, computed tomography scans and two 24‐h dietary recalls assessed body composition, fat distribution and dietary intakes, respectively.ResultsChildren with two Taq1a risk alleles (NHB = 50.0%, HA = 43.3%, NHW = 6.7%) reported a 20% increase in total energy intake (P = 0.0034) and per cent of calories from sugar consumed (P = 0.0077) than did children with less than two risk alleles. Children with two Taq1a risk alleles demonstrated significantly higher total body fat (P = 0.0145), body fat percentage (P = 0.0377), intra‐abdominal adiposity (P = 0.0459), subcutaneous abdominal adiposity (P = 0.0213) and total abdominal adiposity (P = 0.0209) than did children with one or no Taq1a risk alleles.ConclusionsOur results suggest that having two Taq1a risk alleles is associated with an increase in reported calorie and sugar consumption and is a potential risk factor for early development of excess adiposity in multi‐ethnic children. These results need to be confirmed in a larger sample.
Do pharmacists contribute to patients’ management of symptoms suggestive of cancer: a qualitative study
Authors: Notman Frances , Porteous Terry , Murchie Peter , Bond Christine M 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Objectives
Limited awareness of cancer symptoms results in patient delay in seeking help and contributes to delay in diagnosis. Few UK studies have investigated the potential for community pharmacists to facilitate earlier detection of cancer. This study aimed to investigate what actions patients take to manage their early cancer symptoms, to identify the extent of current community pharmacy involvement and to consider the potential role for community pharmacists to facilitate appropriate management and appraisal of potential early cancer symptoms.

Methods
Patients diagnosed with lung, colorectal or gastro-oesophageal cancer in the preceding 12 months were identified during clinic visits by consultants. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, audio-recorded, transcribed and thematically analysed, using the Framework Approach.

Key findings
Twenty-five consenting patients were interviewed: two-thirds were male and more than half had lung cancer. Although all had experienced potential cancer symptoms prior to diagnosis, most underestimated seriousness and misattributed causation. Symptoms were managed by lifestyle changes and self-selecting medicines from local shops, supermarkets and pharmacies but without engaging with the pharmacist.

Conclusions
For symptom management, participants self-selected medicines from community pharmacies, but pharmacy staff were rarely involved. Involving community pharmacists or their staff at the point of sale of these medicines might have facilitated earlier cancer diagnosis. Further research is needed to quantify how many patients with symptoms suggestive of cancer present in community pharmacies to understand if a pharmacist’s role in facilitating symptom management and appraisal of potential cancer symptoms would be acceptable and effective, before developing any interventions.
Small Area Quantile Estimation
Authors: Chen Jiahua , Liu Yukun 
Published: September 2018

SummarySample surveys are widely used to obtain information about totals, means, medians and other parameters of finite populations. In many applications, similar information is desired for subpopulations such as individuals in specific geographic areas and socio‐demographic groups. When the surveys are conducted at national or similarly high levels, a probability sampling can result in just a few sampling units from many unplanned subpopulations at the design stage. Cost considerations may also lead to low sample sizes from individual small areas. Estimating the parameters of these subpopulations with satisfactory precision and evaluating their accuracy are serious challenges for statisticians. To overcome the difficulties, statisticians resort to pooling information across the small areas via suitable model assumptions, administrative archives and census data. In this paper, we develop an array of small area quantile estimators. The novelty is the introduction of a semiparametric density ratio model for the error distribution in the unit‐level nested error regression model. In contrast, the existing methods are usually most effective when the response values are jointly normal. We also propose a resampling procedure for estimating the mean square errors of these estimators. Simulation results indicate that the new methods have superior performance when the population distributions are skewed and remain competitive otherwise.
Taylorooism: when network technology meets corporate power
Authors: McGaughey Ewan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDespite the glitzy rhetoric of techno‐utopia, the ‘gig economy’ presents no new issue for labour rights. Yet an unusually aggressive mode of business has developed: a kind of ‘technological management’ or ‘Taylorooism’. Its basis is the misrepresentation of employment status in the search for profit without responsibility and is seen in companies using apps like Uber, CitySprint or Deliveroo. In the early 20th century, ‘Taylorism’ professed to have found principles of ‘scientific management’, but this merely concealed an authoritarian rejection of the right to organise and contempt for the dignity of staff. In the early 21st century, Taylorooism professes that its use of network technology and apps means efficiency in matching suppliers and customers of services, but this merely conceals the evasion of legal duties and contempt for employees and their rights. This article unpacks the response of the UK and other EU countries to this business practice. It outlines a government report, coincidentally named the Taylor Review (July 2017) that proposed the deepest cuts to employment rights for 30 years. It explains why the Review was corrupted by one of its member's conflicts of interests and must be regarded as a squandered opportunity. The real issue is the misrepresentation by tech corporations of the employment status of their staff. In Aslam v Uber BV, the Employment Tribunal found as fact that Uber is ‘an excellent illustration … of “armies of lawyers” contriving documents … which simply misrepresent the true rights and obligations on both sides’. With new Supreme Court case law, tech firms may be risking liability for fraud.
Communing with Nature: The Collective Journey of Yatoo Artists and its Pedagogical Potentials
Authors: Paek Kyong‐Mi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIncreasing concern over environmental sustainability and socioecological well‐being has motivated people to consider ways to reconnect humans with the natural world through lifestyle changes that integrate well with natural systems. Educators who share environmental concerns have explored diverse aspects of ecological art practices to envision an extended and socially relevant role of art. Accordingly, the present study aims to bring educators’ attention to a collective journey of artists who have immersed themselves in making an affective relationships with nature. Regarding the journey as an invaluable cultural resource that holds the potential to extend the horizon of how we may live with nature, it examines the collective journey of the artists in Yatoo, an artist association based in Gongju, a greenery city in the southwest region of South Korea. The guiding questions set for the contextual analysis are: ‘how do Yatoo artists become native to their place?’ and ‘what can be learned from their collective journey?’. First, the collective journey of the artists is examined based on four major factors: regionality, positioning, methodology and networking. This is followed by discussions focusing on the value of the collective identity shaped by bioregionally conscious art practices and the pedagogical potentials arising from the collective journey. This paper suggests that the collective journey of Yatoo's life‐sustaining practice, operating in an era of environmental crisis, contributes to the recently developing alternative pedagogical discussions by opening up dialogues that navigate ways to encourage more sustainable practices for the future.
Playing to Draw [for Design]
Authors: Perren Nicola L. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThere is a disconnect for a number of applied design students who utilise drawing from online, published and photographic sources, in the development of design collections. In practice they are engaged with a subject that physically demands the direct use of hands in the making of artefacts, particularly within textile fields. Drawing is at the core of the development of ideas but it is often seen as being different or awkward and can cause anxiety amongst students who may be more focused on the end [designed] result. This article reflects upon the teaching of a drawing class with year two undergraduates on a textiles degree course at a UK university. Rather than relying on that which is readily available (from museums, online content, galleries, archives or trend forecasting sites), students make their own 2D and 3D primary sources from which they develop drawn proposals for textile and surface samples. Does this approach allow fresh visuals, new languages and translations for design to emerge? Will it provide a further level of engagement for those students who already love drawing as well as those who don't (yet)? Data has been drawn from key texts, questionnaires, journals and observations of the work carried out by participating students.
Modeled state‐level estimates of hypertension prevalence and undiagnosed hypertension among US adults during 2013‐2015
Authors: Park Soyoun , Gillespie Cathleen , Baumgardner Jason , Yang Quanhe , Valderrama Amy L. , Fang Jing , Loustalot Fleetwood , Hong Yuling 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHypertension affects about one in three US adults, from recent surveillance, or four in nine based on the 2017 ACC/AHA Hypertension Guideline; about half of them have their blood pressure controlled, and nearly one in six are unaware of their hypertension status. National estimates of hypertension awareness, treatment, and control in the United States are traditionally based on measured BP from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES); however, at the state level, only self‐reported hypertension awareness and treatment are available from BRFSS. We used national‐ and state‐level representative samples of adults (≥20 years) from NHANES 2011‐2014 and BRFSS 2013 and 2015, respectively. The authors generated multivariable logistic regression models using NHANES to predict the probability of hypertension and undiagnosed hypertension and then applied the fitted model parameters to BRFSS to generate state‐level estimates. The predicted prevalence of hypertension was highest in Mississippi among adults (42.4%; 95% CI: 41.8‐43.0) and among women (42.6%; 41.8‐43.4) and highest in West Virginia among men (43.4%; 42.2‐44.6). The predicted prevalence was lowest in Utah 23.7% (22.8‐24.6), 26.4% (25.0‐27.7), and 21.0% (20.0‐22.1) for adults, men, and women, respectively. Hypertension predicted prevalence was higher in most Southern states and higher among men than women in all states except Mississippi and DC. The predicted prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension ranged from 4.1% (3.4‐4.8; Kentucky) to 6.5% (5.5‐7.5; Hawaii) among adults, from 5.0% (4.0‐5.9; Kentucky) to 8.3% (6.9‐9.7; Hawaii) among men, and from 3.3% (2.5‐4.1; Kentucky) to 4.8% (3.4‐6.1; Vermont) among women. Undiagnosed hypertension was more prevalent among men than women in all states and DC.
Pelvic abscess: A late complication of abdominal trachelectomy for cervical cancer
Authors: Okugawa Kaoru , Sonoda Kenzo , Ohgami Tatsuhiro , Yasunaga Masafumi , Kaneki Eisuke , Yahata Hideaki , Kato Kiyoko 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimOnly a few reports of pelvic abscess as a late complication of trachelectomy have been published to date. To evaluate the cases of pelvic abscess as a late complication of abdominal trachelectomy for cervical cancer.MethodsIn June 2005, we began a clinical trial of abdominal trachelectomy at our institution. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent trachelectomy and extracted the data of patients who experienced pelvic abscess as a late complication.ResultsFrom June 2005 to September 2017, we performed 181 trachelectomies at our institution. In total, 15 pelvic abscesses occurred in 12 of these patients more than 1 month after trachelectomy. The median postoperative period before the onset of pelvic abscess was 51 months (range, 1−104 months). Among the 15 cases, abscess formed in the uterine adnexa in 12, in a pelvic lymphocyst in two, and in the uterus in one. Abscess drainage was performed in six cases. Three patients underwent laparotomy with salpingo‐oophorectomy.ConclusionIt is possible that not only surgical removal of the uterine cervix but also the use of nonabsorbable suture in cervical cerclage and placement of an intrauterine device triggered post‐trachelectomy infection. Pelvic abscess can occur as a late complication of abdominal trachelectomy.
PPARα-independent action against metabolic syndrome development by fibrates is mediated by inhibition of STAT3 signalling
Authors: Hua Huiying , Yang Julin , Lin Hante , Xi Yang , Dai Manyun , Xu Gangming , Wang Fuyan , Liu Lihong , Zhao Tingqi , Huang Jing , Gonzalez Frank J , Liu Aiming 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Objectives
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is the concurrence of at least three of five medical conditions: obesity, high blood pressure, insulin resistance, high serum triglyceride (TG) and low serum high-density lipoprotein levels. While fibrates are used to treat disorders other than the lowering serum TG, the mechanism by which fibrates decrease MS has not been established.

Methods
In this study, wild-type and Ppara-null mice fed a medium-fat diet (MFD) were administered gemfibrozil and fenofibrate for 3 months respectively, to explore the effect and action mechanism.

Key findings
In Ppara-null mice, MFD treatment increased body weight, adipose tissue, serum TG and impaired glucose tolerance. These phenotypes were attenuated in two groups treated with gemfibrozil and fenofibrate. The STAT3 pathway was activated in adipose and hepatic tissues in positive control, and inhibited in groups treated with gemfibrozil and fenofibrate. The above phenotypes and inflammation were not observed in any wild-type group. In 3T3-L1 adipogenic stem cells treated with high glucose, STAT3 knockdown greatly decreased the number of lipid droplets.

Conclusions
Low dose of clinical fibrates was effective against MS development independent of PPARα, and this action was mediated by STAT3 signalling inhibition in adipose tissue and, to a lesser extent, in hepatic tissues.
Muhammad Abd al‐Rahman (Phillip) Barker: Bridging Cultural Divides through Fantasy/Science‐Fiction Role‐Playing Games and Fictional Religion
Authors: Inloes Amina 
Published: September 2018

Abstract“Muslims” and “Dungeons & Dragons” are rarely discussed in the same sentence. However, one of the earliest fantasy role‐playing games, which left a lasting impact on the industry, was the brainchild of Muhammad Abd al‐Rahman (Phillip) Barker (1929‐2012), a professor of South Asian Studies, an expert in Native American languages, and an American convert to Islam. Like Tolkien, Barker created an enormous fantasy world; however, unlike Tolkien, his world was redolent with Native American and South Asian cultural and religious influences. Through this world, he shared with his fans a nuanced understanding of non‐Western societies, cultures, and beliefs – the facets of the human experience that truly constitute multiculturalism. While fictional religion in role‐playing games has been feared and condemned, fictional religion (and occultism) plays a pivotal role in Barker's work; an exploration of his approach towards fictional religion also sheds more light on the question of why fantasy role‐playing games came across as competitors towards religion. Barker's fantasy world brought people of diverse backgrounds together in a beautiful demonstration of how fantasy and science fiction can bring about intercultural and interreligious tolerance in an otherwise intolerant world. Given the centrality of games such as Dungeons & Dragons to American popular culture, an exploration of Barker's legacy can also be seen in the light of the study of the history and contributions of Muslims in America.
Black or White: The Turbanization of Shi‘i Islam
Authors: Takim Liyakat 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe Turban has been worn by Muslims since the early period of Islamic history. This paper examines the significance of the turban in Twelver Shi‘ism. It argues that the turban and its color have been used to enhance the social and religious status of the descendants (sayyids) of the Prophet Muhammad. The paper also discusses the importance attached to the method of tying the turban and demonstrates how social pressure forced scholars to abandon a practice established by the Prophet and Imams. It will also argue that the method of trying the turban was used as an ideological tool among Shi‘i scholars.
Illness trajectory of initial infection for patients with hepatitis C: A qualitative study
Authors: Tsai Shu‐Mei , Kao Jung‐Ta , Tsai Yun‐Fang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractLittle is known about how the initial infection and diagnosis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) impacts a patient's experience of living with and adjusting to the disease. In the present qualitative, descriptive study, we explored the initial experiences of patients in Taiwan diagnosed with HCV. Eighteen participants were recruited from hepatology clinics of a teaching hospital in Taichung, Taiwan by purposive sampling. Data were collected via in‐depth face‐to‐face interviews and analyzed by conventional content analysis. The core theme describing the illness trajectory was “Oasis in the desert”. Two main themes described the participants' experiences and adjustment to the diagnosis of hepatitis C: “Getting lost in the journey” and “The calm after the storm”. Our findings highlight the need for health‐care providers to coordinate interactions between patients and multi‐disciplinary teams to manage the integration of different treatment options. There is a demand for educational interventions and online information for patients and the general population, which could improve knowledge of HCV.
The roles of jasmonate signalling in nitrogen uptake and allocation in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Wu Xiaoying , Ding Chaohui , Baerson Scott R. , Lian Fazhuo , Lin Xianhui , Zhang Liqin , Wu Choufei , Hwang Shaw‐Yhi , Zeng Rensen , Song Yuanyuan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHerbivore damage by chewing insects activates jasmonate (JA) signalling that can elicit systemic defense responses in rice. Few details are known, however, concerning the mechanism, whereby JA signalling modulates nutrient status in rice in response to herbivory. (15NH4)2SO4 labelling experiments, proteomic surveys, and RT‐qPCR analyses were used to identify the roles of JA signalling in nitrogen (N) uptake and allocation in rice plants. Exogenous applications of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) to rice seedlings led to significantly reduced N uptake in roots and reduced translocation of recently‐absorbed 15N from roots to leaves, likely occurring as a result of down‐regulation of glutamine synthetase cytosolic isozyme 1–2 and ferredoxin–nitrite reductase. Shoot MeJA treatment resulted in a remobilization of endogenous unlabelled 14N from leaves to roots, and root MeJA treatment also increased 14N accumulation in roots but did not affect 14N accumulation in leaves of rice. Additionally, proteomic and RT‐qPCR experiments showed that JA‐mediated plastid disassembly and dehydrogenases GDH2 up‐regulation contribute to N release in leaves to support production of defensive proteins/compounds under N‐limited condition. Collectively, our results indicate that JA signalling mediates large‐scale systemic changes in N uptake and allocation in rice plants.
For Jet Engine Wing Mounting
Authors: Langston Lee S. 
Published: September 2018

The mounting of a jet engine under the wing of an airliner can be a daunting task for turbofan engineers.
Thrust forces generated by gas path momentum flow changes in a jet engine are transmitted by pressure (and friction) forces on stators and struts attached to the engine case. Case engine mounts then transmit the thrust forces (as high as 100,000 pounds thrust on the largest engines) to the wing pylons to pull the plane forward. The mounts must also support the engine weight (as high as 20,000 pounds) and carry nacelle flight loads.
Engine bypass ratios are increasing (12:1 on the new geared fan engines), with fan sizes ever growing (178 inch diameter fan on the new GE9X). Mounting these new engines under a wing can present new challenges.
During the early days of its introduction in the late 1960’s, Boeing’s iconic 747 jumbo jet had engine mount problems. These are examined, together with their solution.