bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Assessment of Globe Position Dynamics following Transcranial Lateral and Superior Orbital Wall Resections without Rigid Reconstruction: A Case Series of 55 Patients
Authors: Krug Randall G. , Bradley Elizabeth A. , Van Gompel Jamie J. 
Published: May 2019

Background There is no consensus exists regarding which reconstructive approach, if any, should be used after performing transcranial lateral orbital wall resections. Rigid reconstruction is often done to prevent enophthalmos; however, it is not clear if this is a risk with extensive orbital wall resections for transcranial surgery.
Objective To assess globe position dynamics in patients that underwent transcranial lateral and superior orbital wall resections without rigid reconstruction to determine if enophthalmos is a significant risk.
Methods Preoperative (PO) and postoperative data were retrospectively collected from the electronic medical records of 55 adult patients undergoing lateral and superior orbital wall resections as part of a skull base approach. The globe positions were assessed radiologically at all available time points and used to track relative globe displacements over time.
Results An evaluation of PO variables identified a relationship between maximum lesion diameters and globe positions dynamics. The composition of globe position presentations in the population remained relatively stable over time, with only 1 out of 55 patients (1.81%) developing postoperative enophthalmos. An assessment of mean globe displacements revealed improvements in the patients presenting with PO exophthalmos, and stability in the patients presenting with normal PO globe positions.
Conclusions Excellent results in long-term postoperative globe position dynamics can be achieved without the use of rigid reconstruction after transcranial lateral and superior orbital wall resections, regardless of the PO globe positioning.
Making the smart meter social promotes long-term energy conservation
Authors: De Dominicis Stefano , Sokoloski Rebecca , Jaeger Christine M. , Schultz P. Wesley 
Published: May 2019

AbstractManaging demand for energy is becoming increasingly important for efforts to shift toward more sustainable lifestyles. Managing demand for energy involves changes in human behaviour, and can be achieved through more efficient uses of technology, and through conservation. Feedback is often cited as a critical tool to promote energy conservation and efficiency, but recent studies in behavioural science suggest that feedback alone may not be enough to promote lasting changes in behaviour. As an alternative, recent studies have shown the effectiveness of providing residents with normative feedback, rather than simple personal feedback. The current study analyses the impact of real-time feedback on residential electricity consumption over a two-year period. Results showed that when framed as a social comparison, feedback resulted in long-term reductions in household electricity consumption. Importantly, greater reductions were observed for households that identified more strongly with the normative referent group. Theoretical implications of the findings for behavioural science and the corresponding practical implications for fostering long-term sustainable behaviours are discussed.
Consensus sequence design as a general strategy to create hyperstable, biologically active proteins
Authors: Sternke Matt , Tripp Katherine W. , Barrick Doug 
Published: May 2019

Significance
A major goal of protein design is to create proteins that have high stability and biological activity. Drawing on evolutionary information encoded within extant protein sequences, consensus sequence design has produced several successes in achieving this goal. Here, we explore the generality with which consensus design can be used to enhance protein stability and maintain biological activity. By designing and characterizing consensus sequences for six unrelated protein families, we find that consensus design shows high success rates in creating well-folded, hyperstable proteins that retain biological activities. Remarkably, many of these consensus proteins show higher stabilities than naturally occurring sequences of their respective protein families. Our study highlights the utility of consensus sequence design and informs the mechanisms by which it works.
Negative emotional contagion and cognitive bias in common ravens (
Corvus corax
)
Authors: Adriaense Jessie E. C. , Martin Jordan S. , Schiestl Martina , Lamm Claus , Bugnyar Thomas 
Published: May 2019

Significance
To successfully and efficiently live in social groups, we need information about each other’s emotions. Emotional contagion has been suggested to facilitate such information transmission, yet it remains difficult to measure this in animals. Previous research has often focused on overt behavior but lacked additional methods for investigating emotional valence. This study provides a solution by integrating data on behavior and responses to a cognitive bias test, which is designed to infer a subject’s underlying emotional state. We demonstrate that after witnessing a conspecific in a negative state, ravens perform in a negatively biased manner on a judgment task. Our findings thus suggest negative emotional contagion in ravens, and in turn advance our understanding of the evolution of empathy.
Interrogating dense ligand chemical space with a forward-synthetic library
Authors: Chevillard Florent , Stotani Silvia , Karawajczyk Anna , Hristeva Stanimira , Pardon Els , Steyaert Jan , Tzalis Dimitrios , Kolb Peter 
Published: May 2019

Significance
Virtual chemical space, i.e., the set of all conceivable drug-sized molecules, offers an abundance of unexplored quadrants which might contain novel bioactive compounds. Exploring these quadrants has to balance novelty of compounds with their synthetic accessibility. Forward-synthetic databases create novel chemical matter by combining existing and readily available building blocks, thereby biasing the resulting products toward synthesizability. To date, no one has tested whether molecules from such databases can be made in large numbers with an acceptable probability, and we investigated this question here. Moreover, we analyze whether the emerging molecules are binding to a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) target and whether ligands can be considered novel in the sense that they represent chemotypes which have not been described for this target before.
Untangling the formation and liberation of water in the lunar regolith
Authors: Zhu Cheng , Crandall Parker B. , Gillis-Davis Jeffrey J. , Ishii Hope A. , Bradley John P. , Corley Laura M. , Kaiser Ralf I. 
Published: May 2019

Significance
Observational evidence collected over the past two decades supports the existence of water on the Moon. However, the sources and chemical and/or physical processes responsible for the production of the lunar water are still unknown. Here, we provide evidence via laboratory simulation experiments that water can be generated and liberated through thermal shocks induced by micrometeorite impacts on solar-wind proton-implanted anhydrous silicates. Our findings are of fundamental importance for explaining the origin of water on the Moon as well as on other airless bodies such as Ceres and for untangling the present distribution of water in our solar system.
Organic–mineral interfacial chemistry drives heterogeneous nucleation of Sr-rich (Ba

x

, Sr

1−
x

)SO
4
from undersaturated solution
Authors: Deng Ning , Stack Andrew G. , Weber Juliane , Cao Bo , De Yoreo James J. , Hu Yandi 
Published: May 2019

Significance
The wide occurrence of Sr-rich marine barite in undersaturated seawater presents a paradox. Here, in undersaturated solution, we observe barite nucleation on organic films and show it is enabled by cation enrichment. In supersaturated solution, this enrichment generates nanometer-sized Sr-rich nuclei on organic films, while Sr-poor barite grows quickly to micrometer-sized crystals in bulk solutions. Theoretical solid-solution calculations explain the distinct Sr incorporation in barites on organic films and in bulk solutions. The findings resolve the barite paradox and provide insights into manipulating solid-solution nucleation and growth through the unique chemical environment near organic–mineral interfaces, which may revise our understanding of many biomineralization processes and allow strategies for tailoring material synthesis to achieve desired sizes and compositions.
Assembly of the complexes of oxidative phosphorylation triggers the remodeling of cardiolipin
Authors: Xu Yang , Anjaneyulu Murari , Donelian Alec , Yu Wenxi , Greenberg Miriam L. , Ren Mindong , Owusu-Ansah Edward , Schlame Michael 
Published: May 2019

Significance
Mitochondria contain cardiolipin, a special phospholipid that strongly interacts with proteins. Cardiolipin has a unique fatty acid composition, the disturbance of which causes the human disease Barth syndrome. However, neither the mechanism by which cardiolipin acquires specific fatty acids nor their actual function has been established. In this paper, we demonstrate that the expression of the complexes of oxidative phosphorylation is responsible for inducing the specific fatty acid composition in cardiolipin. We hypothesize that the purpose of this process is the stabilization of lipid–protein interactions in the extremely crowded environment of mitochondrial membranes.
Muscle development and regeneration controlled by AUF1-mediated stage-specific degradation of fate-determining checkpoint mRNAs
Authors: Abbadi Dounia , Yang Ming , Chenette Devon M. , Andrews John J. , Schneider Robert J. 
Published: May 2019

Significance
Muscle-wasting diseases are due in part to improper regulation of mRNA stability. Mutations in the mRNA decay protein AUF1 are linked to a specific form of muscle-wasting disease known as limb girdle muscular dystrophy that affects the muscles of the limbs and torso. How AUF1 is involved in regulating or promoting muscle regeneration is largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that AUF1 controls all of the major stages of muscle development and regeneration, from control of the muscle stem (satellite) cell differentiation program through the development of mature muscle fibers, by selectively targeting for rapid degradation the major differentiation checkpoint mRNAs that block entry into each next phase of muscle development, thereby promoting each stage of muscle development.
Jensen polynomials for the Riemann zeta function and other sequences
Authors: Griffin Michael , Ono Ken , Rolen Larry , Zagier Don 
Published: May 2019

SignificanceThe Pólya–Jensen criterion for the Riemann hypothesis asserts thatRHis equivalent to the hyperbolicity of certain Jensen polynomials for all degreesd≥1and all shiftsn. For each degreed≥1,we confirm this criterion for all sufficiently large shiftsn. This represents a theoretical advance in the field. The method of proof is rooted in the newly discovered phenomenon that these polynomials are nicely approximated by Hermite polynomials. Furthermore, it is shown that this method applies to a large class of related problems.
Cardiac myosin activation with 2-deoxy-ATP via increased electrostatic interactions with actin
Authors: Powers Joseph D. , Yuan Chen-Ching , McCabe Kimberly J. , Murray Jason D. , Childers Matthew Carter , Flint Galina V. , Moussavi-Harami Farid , Mohran Saffie , Castillo Romi , Zuzek Carla , Ma Weikang , Daggett Valerie , McCulloch Andrew D. , Irving Thomas C. , Regnier Michael 
Published: May 2019

Significance
The development of several small-molecule myosin activators to rescue cardiac contractility of failing hearts is underway, but understanding the multiscale structure-function consequences of these inotropes remains a major challenge. Using 2′-deoxy-adenosine 5′-triphosphate (dATP; a myosin-binding nucleotide) as a molecular probe, we show that a restructuring of prepowerstroke myosin in the presence of 2-deoxy-adenosine 5′-diphosphate and inorganic phosphate (dADP.Pi) (versus ADP.Pi) increases actin–myosin electrostatic interactions and binding kinetics. X-ray diffraction revealed myosin structure with dATP in relaxed myofilament is similar to the activated state with ATP, with S1 head movement toward actin and stabilization, resulting in an improved probability of strong cross-bridge formation upon activation. Thus, the alterations induced by dATP may provide clues to a more optimal structure of cardiac myosin to be attained by myosin-targeted therapies for heart failure.
Longitudinal associations between changes in body composition and changes in sprint performance in elite female sprinters
Authors: Abe Takashi , Kawamoto Kazuhisa , Dankel Scott J. , Bell Zachary W. , Spitz Robert W. , Wong Vickie , Loenneke Jeremy P. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIt is generally believed that more muscle mass in the lower body reflects more muscular strength and power. If true, greater ground reaction forces may be facilitated from increasing muscle mass, which may result in higher maximal running speeds. One method to assess the potential contributions of body composition (i.e. muscle mass and fat mass) to sprint performance is to examine the associations between those variables within each sprinter across time. The present study examined the relationships between longitudinal changes in body composition and sprint performance. Twelve elite female sprinters (9 of whom participated in the Olympics and/or the World Championships) had total body muscle mass, leg muscle mass, and body fat estimated using ultrasound. For each participant, these measurements lasted at least 5 consecutive years and the longest was 10 consecutive years (average 7 ± 1.5 years). The best sprint time in each season was used for evaluating sprint performance. Our unadjusted model indicated that muscle mass, and body fat correlated favourably with sprint performance over time. After adjusting for the error variance attributable to body fat, the relationship muscle mass with sprint performance is largely eliminated. In the first adjusted model, the partial correlations were r = −0.20 for leg muscle mass and r = 0.46 for body fat. In the second, the partial correlations were r = −0.20 for total muscle mass and r = 0.50 for body fat. In conclusion, these findings may suggest that reducing fat mass may have a greater impact on sprint performance than increasing muscle mass.
Temperature characterization of an operando flow reactor for heterogeneous catalysis
Authors: Pfaff Sebastian , Karlsson Hanna , Nada Fahed Abou , Lundgren Edvin , Zetterberg Johan 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In this work, we present several methods to determine the temperature of a catalyst sample, as well as the gas surrounding it, in a typical flow reactor used for operando research on heterogeneous catalysis. To determine the sample temperature, we present an approach using calibrated IR-camera imagery, as well as thermographic phosphors. For the gas temperature, we present methods to extract temperature information from planar laser induced fluorescence measurements, one of which can be used during operando studies with an active catalyst in place.
A Reliable Experimental Methodology for the Study of Wind-Turbine Rotor Blade Aerodynamics
Authors: Costantini M , Fuchs C , Henne U , Klein C , Ondrus V , Bruse M , Löhr M , Jacobs M 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The aerodynamic performance of airfoils and blades designed for modern wind-turbine rotors, which have diameters of the order of hundred meters, must be examined at chord Reynolds numbers matching those of practical applications. In general, such high Reynolds numbers cannot be achieved in conventional wind tunnels. Moreover, knowledge on the boundary-layer transition location is essential to evaluate airfoil and blade performance at these flow conditions. This work presents an experimental methodology that can be applied at flow conditions reproducing those of real wind-turbine rotor blades and simultaneously provides aerodynamic coefficients and transition locations. The experimental methodology consists of: the Temperature-Sensitive Paint (TSP) technique for global, non-intrusive and reliable transition detection; conventional pressure measurements for the determination of the aerodynamic coefficients; and the High Pressure Wind Tunnel Göttingen (DNW-HDG) to run the experiments at Reynolds numbers matching those of real applications. The obtained results can be used to verify airfoil and blade performance and to validate numerical predictions. In the present work, the experimental methodology was applied to systematically investigate the aerodynamic performance of an airfoil designed for the mid-span sections of modern wind-turbine rotor blades. The examined chord Reynolds numbers were as high as 12 million and the angle-of-attack ranged from -14° to +20°. The presented methodology was here demonstrated to be mature for productive testing.
Measuring MNm torques as part of a prototype testing campaign of a high-temperature superconducting generator for wind turbine application in the scope of the Ecoswing project
Authors: Kyling Hans , Eich Norbert , Feja Paul 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Modern wind turbines have a driving torque in the range of up to 10 MNm. The measurement of such high torques poses challenges, as there is no standard measurement equipment for this torque level available today. During the EU funded EcoSwing project, the world’s first superconducting low-cost and lightweight multi-megawatt wind turbine generator has been designed and tested on the DyNaLab nacelle test rig of Fraunhofer IWES. For this test campaign, a specifically designed torque measurement system has been developed to measure the torque directly at the flange of the device under test in order to evaluate the efficiency of the power train.
“FlexPad” - Innovative conical sliding bearing for the main shaft of wind turbines
Authors: Schröder Tim , Jacobs Georg , Rolink Amadeus , Bosse Dennis 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This paper shows an innovative approach concerning a new type of rotor main bearings for wind turbines. The conical sliding bearing with its flexible support structure is designed for the specific loads and operating conditions of wind turbines. It is robust, compact and offers superior serviceability since individually replaceable bearing pads obviate the disassembling of the whole drivetrain during repair/maintenance.
After a short description of the bearing design the results of functional testing under real conditions in full-scale on a 1 MW system test bench are presented. The achieved load-bearing properties, the mixed friction performance and the start-up behaviour will be discussed.
Challenges of multi/hyper spectral images in precision agriculture applications
Authors: Mancini Adriano , Frontoni Emanuele , Zingaretti Primo 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
According to the CEMA, Agriculture 4.0 paves the way for the next evolution of farming consisting of unmanned operations and autonomous decision systems while Agriculture 5.0 will be based around robotics and (some form of) artificial intelligence. It is clear how Agriculture is experimenting a Copernican Revolution where multidisciplinarity is the engine of this revolution. In this context it is central the topic of Variable Rate Treatments (VRTs). A VRT application relies on prescription maps that are generated by considering the agronomist experience augmented with data sensed also by using advanced platform as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) or satellites. Prescription maps are usually implemented by tractors using Variable Rate Controllers (VRCs) that apply a given quantity of product on a given region. The typical operation is spraying nitrogen or weed treatment application over the agricultural field. The generation of a correct prescription map requires the definition of specific management zones that reflect areas and their status. The planning of agricultural tasks necessitates a deep knowledge of crop state, for example, an important but typical case is variable rate nitrogen fertilizer application. In this scenario multi-spectral images play a key role and today the technology is mature to be used also in real applications. Hyper-spectral imagery is still expensive and it is usually adopted for advanced research considering the complexity to acquire and post-process data. However multi and hyper spectral systems are changing the agriculture enabling complex analysis with ultra high spatial and spectral resolution.
Measurement and estimation of leaf area index (LAI) using commercial instruments and smartphone-based systems
Authors: Casa Raffaele , Upreti Deepak , Pelosi Federico 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The experimentation carried out within this project aimed at comparing various methods used to estimate leaf area index (LAI), which is a key variable to describe the vigour and productive potential of a crop. The direct or “destructive” method requires the removal of the biomass of the sample and is a very laborious and burdensome technique. The indirect estimates consist in the acquisition of a series of readings taken directly in the field with specific instruments, mainly based on the measurement of the quantity of light intercepted by the foliage and on the use of complex mathematical models. Indirect methods allow for a quick estimation of the LAI and there is a strong interest in developing economic and user-friendly tools. The tools compared in the present study included two state-of-the-art, rather expensive, commercial instruments, i.e. the Sunscan ceptometer (Delta-T, UK) and the LAI-2000 (Li-Cor, USA). These were compared to inexpensive alternatives offered by hemispheric photography from a smartphone equipped with a fish-eye lens and from a smartphone app called “Pocket LAI”. All the methods tested showed the ability to provide an effective estimate of the LAI even if sometimes with an underestimation of the value measured by the direct method.
A full integrated system for agroclimatic and pest monitoring at farm and landscape scales in Campania Region
Authors: Martino Raffaele , Nicolazzo Massimo , Langella Giuliano 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The current agrometereological monitoring of the Campania Region is both inadequate for its users and insufficient to support the simulation of pest risk models. This work describes a cyber-physical system which has been designed to overcome these limitations, with the objective of (i) automate all the tasks involved in climatic data management, including also the intervention of the human expert when appropriate, (ii) develop dependable pest risk models and provide the input data they need, and (iii) provide real-time agrometereological data presentation. The system is built around an automatic climatic data management engine called WeatherProg, which manages data collection, quality control, data reconstruction, and digital maps production. A proper climatic database has been developed to support the operations of WeatherProg, as well as a Web application for real-time publication of data handled by the software. Pest risk models, fed by point measurements and the digital maps produced by WeatherProg, are going to be prototyped. Furthermore, a new small measurement station has been prototyped, with the aim of being low-cost and easy to relocate, in order to support the characterisation and models parameterisation for different areas. This paper illustrates the current status of the system and discusses future directions.