bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated Cambrian biostratigraphy and carbon isotope chemostratigraphy of the Grönhögen-2015 drill core, Öland, Sweden
Authors: AHLBERG PER , LUNDBERG FRANS , ERLSTRÖM MIKAEL , CALNER MIKAEL , LINDSKOG ANDERS , DAHLQVIST PETER , JOACHIMSKI MICHAEL M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe Grönhögen-2015 core drilling on southern Öland, Sweden, penetrated 50.15 m of Cambrian Series 3, Furongian and Lower–Middle Ordovician strata. The Cambrian succession includes the Äleklinta Member (upper Stage 5) of the Borgholm Formation and the Alum Shale Formation (Guzhangian–Tremadocian). Agnostoids and trilobites allowed subdivision of the succession into eight biozones, in ascending order: the uppermost Cambrian Series 3 (Guzhangian) Agnostus pisiformis Zone and the Furongian Olenus gibbosus, O. truncatus, Parabolina spinulosa, Sphaerophthalmus? flagellifer, Ctenopyge tumida, C. linnarssoni and Parabolina lobata zones. Conspicuous lithologic unconformities and the biostratigraphy show that the succession is incomplete and that there are several substantial gaps of variable magnitudes. Carbon isotope analyses (δ13Corg) through the Alum Shale Formation revealed two globally significant excursions: the Steptoean Positive Carbon Isotope Excursion (SPICE) in the lower–middle Paibian Stage, and the negative Top of Cambrian Excursion (TOCE), previously referred to as the HERB Event, in Stage 10. The δ13Corg chemostratigraphy is tied directly to the biostratigraphy and used for an improved integration of these excursions with the standard agnostoid and trilobite zonation of Scandinavia. Their relations to that of coeval successions in Baltoscandia and elsewhere are discussed. The maximum amplitudes of the SPICE and TOCE in the Grönhögen succession are comparable to those recorded in drill cores retrieved from Scania, southern Sweden. The results of this study will be useful for assessing biostratigraphic relations between shale successions and carbonate facies on a global scale.
Deciphering the behaviour manipulation imposed by a virus on its parasitoid host: insights from a dual transcriptomic approach
Authors: Varaldi J. , Lepetit D. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBehaviour manipulation imposed by parasites is a fascinating phenomenon but our understanding is still very limited. We studied the interaction between a virus and the parasitic waspLeptopilina boulardithat attacksDrosophilalarvae. Wasps usually refrain to lay eggs into already parasitized hosts (superparasitism avoidance). On the contrary, females infected by the Leptopilina boulardi Filamentous Virus (LbFV) are much more incline to superparasitize. Interestingly, the host-sharing induced by this behaviour modification leads to the horizontal transmission of the virus, thus increasing its fitness at the expense of that of the wasp. To better understand the mechanisms underlying this behaviour manipulation, we studied by RNA sequencing the meta-transcriptome of LbFV and the parasitic wasp both in the abdomen and in the head. We found that the abundance of viral transcripts was independent of the wasp strain but strongly differed between tissues. Based on the tissue pattern of expression, we identified a set of 20 viral genes putatively involved in the manipulation process. In addition, we identified a set of wasp genes deregulated in the presence of the virus either in the abdomen or in the head, including genes with annotations suggesting involvement in behaviour (i.e. Potassium-channel protein). This dataset gives new insights into the behaviour manipulation and on the genetic basis of superparasitism in parasitoids.
On the SL(2, C)-representation rings of free abelian groups
Authors: SATOH TAKAO 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we study “the ring of component functions” of SL(2, C)-representations of free abelian groups. This is a subsequent research of our previous work [11] for free groups. We introduce some descending filtration of the ring, and determine the structure of its graded quotients.Then we give two applications. In [30], we constructed the generalized Johnson homomorphisms. We give an upper bound on their images with the graded quotients. The other application is to construct a certain crossed homomorphisms of the automorphism groups of free groups. We show that our crossed homomorphism induces Morita's 1-cocycle defined in [22]. In other words, we give another construction of Morita's 1-cocyle with the SL(2, C)-representations of the free abelian group.
Introduction: The “Singapore model” and China's Neo-Authoritarian Dream
Authors: Ortmann Stephan , Thompson Mark R. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis special section deals with China's longstanding fascination with Singapore's development experience that has preoccupied post-Maoist leaders from Deng Xiaoping to Xi Jinping despite the obvious differences between the tiny Southeast Asian city-state and the most populous country on earth. In particular, there is great Chinese interest in Singapore's success in combining effective governance and efficient state capitalism with stable one-party dominant rule. As a consequence, Chinese observers paid much less attention to electoral democracies that were well-governed states with mature economies.
Power and Populism: What the Singapore Model Means for the Chinese Dream
Authors: Ho Benjamin Tze Ern 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSingapore's political system is sometimes criticized by proponents of liberal democracy as being highly authoritarian and inhibiting of individual freedom. Yet, as the recent 2015 general elections show, Singaporeans have largely consented to such a model as a legitimate social contract between themselves and the government. Given that the Singapore model is widely studied by Chinese officials as a positive pattern for governance, what do the latest results say about the future of the Chinese governing system, and to what extent is the Communist Party able to wield power while catering to populist sentiments, in particular the achievement of the Chinese dream?
Prevalence and predictors of major depressive disorder in bereaved caregivers at 6 and 13 months
Authors: Kim Seon-Young , Kim Seung-Jeon , Kim Jae-Min , Kim Sung-Wan , Shin Il-Seon , Shim Hyun-Jeong , Cho Sang-Hee , Chung Ik-Joo , Yoon Jin-Sang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectiveDepressive symptoms are common in bereaved caregivers; however, there have been few prospective studies using a structured interview. This study investigated the prevalence and preloss predictors of major depressive disorder (MDD) in bereaved caregivers of patients in a palliative care unit.MethodThis prospective cohort study collected caregiver sociodemographic and psychological data before the death of a palliative care unit patient, including MDD, care-burden, coping style, and hopeful attitude. Postloss MDD was assessed 6 and 13 months after death, and a multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify its predictors.ResultOf 305 caregivers contacted, 92 participated in this study. The prevalence of preloss MDD was 21.8%; the prevalences of postloss MDD were 34.8% and 24.7% at 6 and 13 months, respectively. Preloss MDD predicted postloss MDD at 6 months (odds ratio [OR] = 5.38, 95% confidence interval [CI95%] = 1.29, 22.43); preloss nonhopeful attitude and unemployment status of caregivers predicted postloss MDD at 13 months (OR = 8.77, CI95% = 1.87, 41.13 and OR = 7.10, CI95% = 1.28, 39.36, respectively).Significance of resultsApproximately 35% of caregivers suffered from MDD at 6 months postloss, but the prevalence of MDD decreased to about 25% at 13 months. Preloss MDD significantly predicted postloss MDD at 6 months, whereas hopeful attitude and unemployment at baseline were significantly associated with postloss MDD at 13 months.
Recurrent Activation of Neural Circuits during Attention to Global and Local Visual Information
Authors: Iglesias-Fuster Jorge , Piña-Novo Daniela , Ontivero-Ortega Marlis , Lage-Castellanos Agustín , Valdés-Sosa Mitchell 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe attentional selection of different hierarchical level within compound (Navon) figures has been studied with event related potentials (ERPs), by controlling the ERPs obtained during attention to the global or the local echelon. These studies, using the canonical Navon figures, have produced contradictory results, with doubts regarding the scalp distribution of the effects. Moreover, the evidence about the temporal evolution of the processing of these two levels is not clear. Here, we unveiled global and local letters at distinct times, which enabled separation of their ERP responses. We combine this approach with the temporal generalization methodology, a novel multivariate technique which facilitates exploring the temporal structure of these ERPs. Opposite lateralization patterns were obtained for the selection negativities generated when attending global and local distracters (D statistics, p < .005), with maxima in right and left occipito-temporal scalp regions, respectively (η2 = .111, p < .01; η2 = .042, p < .04). However, both discrimination negativities elicited when comparing targets and distractors at the global or the local level were lateralized to the left hemisphere (η2 = .25, p < .03 and η2 = .142, p < .05 respectively). Recurrent activation patterns were found for both global and local stimuli, with scalp topographies corresponding to early preparatory stages reemerging during the attentional selection process, thus indicating recursive attentional activation. This implies that selective attention to global and local hierarchical levels recycles similar neural correlates at different time points. These neural correlates appear to be mediated by visual extra-striate areas.
Measurements of Sound Velocity of Liquid Fe‐11.8 wt % S up to 211.4 GPa and 6,150 K
Authors: Huang H. , Leng C. , Wang Q. , Yang G. , Hu X. , Wu Y. , Liu X. , Fei Y. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractUsing the dynamic compression technique, the sound velocities of Fe‐11.8 wt % S were measured up to 211.4 (4.5) GPa and 6,150 K. Discontinuities both in shock velocity and sound velocity indicate that Fe‐11.8 wt % S completely melts at a pressure of 111.3 (2.3) GPa. By the energy conservation law, the calculated liquidus temperature is about 2,500 (300) K. Extrapolated to the inner‐core boundary based on the Lindeman law, the liquidus temperature of Fe‐11.8 wt % S is 4,300 (300) K. We developed a thermodynamic model fit to the experimental data, which allows calculation of the densities and sound velocities of liquid Fe‐S under core conditions. For liquid Fe‐11.8 wt % S and Fe‐10 wt % S, good agreement was achieved between the extrapolations using our model and experimental measurements at very low pressure. Under the conditions of the outer core, the densities and bulk sound velocities of Fe‐10 wt % S provide a good fit to observed seismic profiles of Earth's core. Our results imply that an upper limit of 10 wt % S content in Earth's core satisfies the geophysical constraints. Simultaneously considering other geochemical constraints, the outer core may contain about 6 wt % sulfur and 4 wt % silicon.
Acoustic Emission in a Laboratory: Mechanism of Microearthquakes Using Alternative Source Models
Authors: Petružálek M. , Jechumtálová Z. , Kolář P. , Adamová P. , Svitek T. , Šílený J. , Lokajíček T. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHere a shear‐tensile crack (STC) model is presented as suitable for acoustic emission (AE) events. Experimental data were obtained from a uniaxial compression test performed on a Westerly Granite specimen using a 14‐channel AE monitoring system. The advantages of the STC versus a traditional MT (moment tensor) approach are as follows: (i) it is a physical source, contrary to the MT, since the STC describes the straight and simple fracture modes anticipated inside a loaded sample, namely, the shear slip and both the opening and closing tensile cracks; and (ii) it is simpler because it is described by fewer parameters (five instead of the six required for an unconstrained MT), which is essential for solving the inverse problem. The presented STC procedure was tested on 38 AE events selected over a range of 50–98% for the uniaxial compressive strength. As compared to the MT model, the STC model displayed a similar fit for input data while providing far smaller confidence regions. The results indicate a more certain determination for the mechanism of orientation and improved reliability for the decomposition components. In addition, use of STC model allowed better distinction between tension and shear type for AE events, which may be crucial for recognizing an approaching failure. For our experiment, application of the STC model proved to be useful for recognizing the threshold of unstable microcracking and indicative for determining the failure plain orientation.
Transdimensional Electrical Resistivity Tomography
Authors: Galetti E. , Curtis A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis paper shows that imaging the interior of solid bodies with fully nonlinear physics can be highly beneficial compared to imaging with the equivalent linearized tomographic methods and that this is true for a variety of different types of physics. Including full nonlinearity provides interpretable uncertainties and far greater depth of image penetration into unknown targets such as the Earth's subsurface. We use an adaptively parameterized Monte Carlo method to invert electrical resistivity data for the conductivity structure of the Earth and demonstrate the method on two field data sets. Key results include the observation of directly interpretable uncertainty loops which define possible geometrical variations in the edges of isolated anomalies, hence quantifying the spatial resolution of these boundaries. These topologies of uncertainties are similar to those observed when performing fully nonlinear seismic traveltime tomography. This shows that loop‐like uncertainty topologies are expected in the solutions to a wide variety of tomographic problems, using a variety of data types and hence laws of physics (here the Laplace equation; in previous work the Eikonal or ray equations). We also show that the depth to which we can construct a tomographic image using electrical data is extended by up to a factor of 8 using nonlinear methods compared to linearized inversion using common standard linearized programs. These advantages come at the cost of significantly increased computation. All of these results are illustrated on both synthetic and real data examples.
Role of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation in the Transport of Smoke From Sumatra to the Malay Peninsula During Severe Non‐El Niño Haze Events
Authors: Koplitz S. N. , Mickley L. J. , Jacob D. J. , Marlier M. E. , DeFries R. S. , Gaveau D. L. A. , Locatelli B. , Reid J. S. , Xian P. , Myers S. S. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn June 2013, the Malay Peninsula experienced severe smoke pollution, with daily surface particulate matter (PM) concentrations in Singapore greater than 350 μg/m3, over 2 times the air quality standard for daily mean PM10 set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Unlike most haze episodes in the Malay Peninsula in recent decades (e.g., the September 2015 event), the June 2013 haze occurred in the absence of an El Niño, during negative Indian Ocean Dipole conditions, with smoke carried eastward to the Peninsula from fires in the Riau province of central Sumatra. We show that June 2013 was not an exceptional event; inspection of visibility data during 2005–2015 reveals two other severe haze events in the Malay Peninsula (August 2005 and October 2010) occurring under similar conditions. Common to all three events was a combination of anomalously strong westerly winds over Riau province concurrent with late phases of the Real‐Time Multivariate Madden‐Julian Oscillation Index, during negative phases of the Indian Ocean Dipole. Our work suggests that identifying the meteorological mechanism driving these westerly wind anomalies could help stakeholders prepare for future non‐El Niño haze events in Singapore and the Malay Peninsula.
Calibrating Climate Model Ensembles for Assessing Extremes in a Changing Climate
Authors: Herger Nadja , Angélil Oliver , Abramowitz Gab , Donat Markus , Stone Dáithí , Lehmann Karsten 
Published: May 2018

AbstractClimate models serve as indispensable tools to investigate the effect of anthropogenic emissions on current and future climate, including extremes. However, as low‐dimensional approximations of the climate system, they will always exhibit biases. Several attempts have been made to correct for biases as they affect extremes prediction, predominantly focused on correcting model‐simulated distribution shapes. In this study, the effectiveness of a recently published quantile‐based bias correction scheme, as well as a new subset selection method introduced here, are tested out‐of‐sample using model‐as‐truth experiments. Results show that biases in the shape of distributions tend to persist through time, and therefore, correcting for shape bias is useful for past and future statements characterizing the probability of extremes. However, for statements characterized by a ratio of the probabilities of extremes between two periods, we find that correcting for shape bias often provides no skill improvement due to the dominating effect of bias in the long‐term trend. Using a toy model experiment, we examine the relative importance of the shape of the distribution versus its position in response to long‐term changes in radiative forcing. It confirms that the relative position of the two distributions, based on the trend, is at least as important as the shape. We encourage the community to consider all model biases relevant to their metric of interest when using a bias correction procedure and to construct out‐of‐sample tests that mirror the intended application.
Cryo-EM structure of the ASIC1a–mambalgin-1 complex reveals that the peptide toxin mambalgin-1 inhibits acid-sensing ion channels through an unusual allosteric effect
Authors: Sun Demeng , Yu You , Xue Xiaobin , Pan Man , Wen Ming , Li Siyu , Qu Qian , Li Xiaorun , Zhang Longhua , Li Xueming , Liu Lei , Yang Maojun , Tian Changlin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAcid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are neuronal voltage-independent Na+ channels that are activated by extracellular acidification. ASICs play essential roles in a wide range of physiological processes, including sodium homeostasis, synaptic plasticity, neurodegeneration, and sensory transduction. Mambalgins, a family of three-finger toxins isolated from black mamba venom, specifically inhibit ASICs to exert strong analgesic effects in vivo, thus are thought to have potential therapeutic values against pain. However, the interaction and inhibition mechanism of mambalgin on ASICs remains elusive. Here, we report a cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of chicken ASIC1a (cASIC1a) in complex with mambalgin-1 toxin at 5.4 Å resolution. Our structure provides the first experimental evidence that mambalgin-1 interacts directly with the extracellular thumb domain of cASIC1a, rather than inserting into the acid-sensing pocket, as previously reported. Binding of mambalgin-1 leads to relocation of the thumb domain that could disrupt the acidic pocket of cASIC1a, illustrating an unusual inhibition mechanism of toxins on ASIC channels through an allosteric effect. These findings establish a structural basis for the toxicity of the mambalgins, and provide crucial insights for the development of new optimized inhibitors of ASICs.
Gas41 links histone acetylation to H2A.Z deposition and maintenance of embryonic stem cell identity
Authors: Hsu Chih-Chao , Zhao Dan , Shi Jiejun , Peng Danni , Guan Haipeng , Li Yuanyuan , Huang Yaling , Wen Hong , Li Wei , Li Haitao , Shi Xiaobing 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe histone variant H2A.Z is essential for maintaining embryonic stem cell (ESC) identity in part by keeping developmental genes in a poised bivalent state. However, how H2A.Z is deposited into the bivalent domains remains unknown. In mammals, two chromatin remodeling complexes, Tip60/p400 and SRCAP, exchange the canonical histone H2A for H2A.Z in the chromatin. Here we show that Glioma Amplified Sequence 41 (Gas41), a shared subunit of the two H2A.Z-depositing complexes, functions as a reader of histone lysine acetylation and recruits Tip60/p400 and SRCAP to deposit H2A.Z into specific chromatin regions including bivalent domains. The YEATS domain of Gas41 bound to acetylated histone H3K27 and H3K14 both in vitro and in cells. The crystal structure of the Gas41 YEATS domain in complex with the H3K27ac peptide revealed that, similar to the AF9 and ENL YEATS domains, Gas41 YEATS forms a serine-lined aromatic cage for acetyllysine recognition. Consistently, mutations in the aromatic residues of the Gas41 YEATS domain abrogated the interaction. In mouse ESCs, knockdown of Gas41 led to flattened morphology of ESC colonies, as the result of derepression of differentiation genes. Importantly, the abnormal morphology was rescued by expressing wild-type Gas41, but not the YEATS domain mutated counterpart that does not recognize histone acetylation. Mechanically, we found that Gas41 depletion led to reduction of H2A.Z levels and a concomitant reduction of H3K27me3 levels on bivalent domains. Together, our study reveals an essential role of the Gas41 YEATS domain in linking histone acetylation to H2A.Z deposition and maintenance of ESC identity.
Sea cucumber genome provides insights into saponin biosynthesis and aestivation regulation
Authors: Li Yuli , Wang Ruijia , Xun Xiaogang , Wang Jing , Bao Lisui , Thimmappa Ramesha , Ding Jun , Jiang Jingwei , Zhang Liheng , Li Tianqi , Lv Jia , Mu Chuang , Hu Xiaoli , Zhang Lingling , Liu Jing , Li Yuqiang , Yao Lijie , Jiao Wenqian , Wang Yangfan , Lian Shanshan , Zhao Zelong , Zhan Yaoyao , Huang Xiaoting , Liao Huan , Wang Jia , Sun Hongzhen , Mi Xue , Xia Yu , Xing Qiang , Lu Wei , Osbourn Anne , Zhou Zunchun , Chang Yaqing , Bao Zhenmin , Wang Shi 
Published: May 2018

AbstractEchinoderms exhibit several fascinating evolutionary innovations that are rarely seen in the animal kingdom, but how these animals attained such features is not well understood. Here we report the sequencing and analysis of the genome and extensive transcriptomes of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus, a species from a special echinoderm group with extraordinary potential for saponin synthesis, aestivation and organ regeneration. The sea cucumber does not possess a reorganized Hox cluster as previously assumed for all echinoderms, and the spatial expression of Hox7 and Hox11/13b potentially guides the embryo-to-larva axial transformation. Contrary to the typical production of lanosterol in animal cholesterol synthesis, the oxidosqualene cyclase of sea cucumber produces parkeol for saponin synthesis and has “plant-like” motifs suggestive of convergent evolution. The transcriptional factors Klf2 and Egr1 are identified as key regulators of aestivation, probably exerting their effects through a clock gene-controlled process. Intestinal hypometabolism during aestivation is driven by the DNA hypermethylation of various metabolic gene pathways, whereas the transcriptional network of intestine regeneration involves diverse signaling pathways, including Wnt, Hippo and FGF. Decoding the sea cucumber genome provides a new avenue for an in-depth understanding of the extraordinary features of sea cucumbers and other echinoderms.
Genitopatellar syndrome: the first reported case in Japan
Authors: Okano Satomi , Miyamoto Akie , Fukuda Ikue , Tanaka Hajime , Hata Kenichiro , Kaname Tadashi , Matsubara Yoichi , Makita Yoshio 
Published: May 2018

AbstractGenitopatellar syndrome (GPS) is mainly characterized by an absence of patellae, congenital flexion contractures of the lower limbs, psychomotor retardation, and anomalies of the external genitalia and kidneys. We report an 18-year-old female with a novel heterozygous truncating mutation in exon 17 of the KAT6B gene [MC_000010.11:c.3603_3606 del, p.Arg1201fs]. This is the first report of typical GPS in a Japanese individual. The details of our findings may contribute to elucidating the mechanism underlying GPS-specific clinical features.