bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the effects of authority on peer motivation: Learning from Wikipedia
Authors: Klapper Helge , Reitzig Markus 
Published: May 2018

Research Summary: We investigate the conditions under which authority can be deployed without reducing subordinate motivation. We show that lateral authority, the legitimacy to resolve task‐specific problems, is welcomed by members of an organization in the resolution of coordination conflicts, the more so (a) the fiercer the conflict to be resolved, (b) the higher the competence‐based status of the authority, (c) the lower the tenure of, and (d) the more focused the organizational members are. Analyzing the discussion behavior of members of Wikipedia between 2002 and 2014, we corroborate our allegations empirically by analyzing 642,916 article–discussion pages. Our findings, obtained for a modern collective production community, provide learning opportunities for how traditional organizations may want to govern activities of their idiosyncratically motivated staff.
Managerial Summary: When managers use their (legitimate) power to take decisions on behalf of their staff, they risk setting back employees and making them detach from the firm. This danger is particularly salient whenever highly motivated teams of staff autonomously work on corporate problems and are used to governing themselves. Examples range from skunkwork initiatives within traditional firms to entire team‐based organizations, such as Valve or Zappos. When and how managers can add value by resolving conflicts within and across these teams once their self‐organization fails is what we study in this article. Inspired by data from Wikipedia, we suggest that managers should not intervene prematurely, benefit from visible competence, and are respected most for their actions by specialized peers who recently joined the organization.
Formamidinium‐Based Lead Halide Perovskites: Structure, Properties, and Fabrication Methodologies
Authors: Li Yang , Liu Fang Zhou , Waqas Muhammud , Leung Tik Lun , Tam Ho Won , Lan Xiao Qi , Tu Bao , Chen Wei , Djurišić Aleksandra B. , He Zhu Bing 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFormamidinium (FA)‐based perovskites exhibit great potential for photovoltaics since they enable the achievement of power conversion efficiency (PCE) over 22%. The bandgap of FA‐based perovskite is lower than that of the methylammonium‐based one, while the larger ionic radius and dual‐ammonia group of FA ions restrain their movement in close‐packing [PbI6]4− cages, leading to improved stability. Here, the structure and properties of FAPbI3− and FA‐based mixed cation perovkites are discussed. In particular, the issues of polymorphism and stabilization of the desired low‐bandgap crystal phase of FAPbI3 are considered. FAPbI3 exhibits polymorphisms with a photovoltaically unfavorable δ‐phase that is stable at room temperature, and, thus, it is difficult to prepare continuous and compact FAPbI3 with the desired crystal structure, namely, the pure α‐phase. Hence, overcoming the limitations of phase transitions is the critical issue in obtaining high‐quality FA‐based perovskite films, which are a prerequisite for solar cells with high PCEs. Here, the focus is on the fabrication methods of FA‐based perovskite films, namely, additive engineering, intermolecular exchange, interfacial engineering, and chemical vapor deposition. A comprehensive overview of the fabrication methodology for the FA‐based perovskite films is provided to facilitate understanding of the underlying mechanisms.
Heating at the Nanoscale through Drug‐Delivery Devices: Fabrication and Synergic Effects in Cancer Treatment with Nanoparticles
Authors: Guisasola Eduardo , Baeza Alejandro , Asín Laura , de la Fuente Jesús M. , Vallet‐Regí María 
Published: May 2018

AbstractNanocarriers for cancer therapy have been extensively studied, but there is still some research that must be addressed in order to achieve their safe application. In this field, hyperthermia thermal treatments mediated by the use of responsive nanomaterials are not different, and researchers have carried out many attempts to overcome their drawbacks due to the valuable potential of these techniques. Here, an overview is presented of nanodevices based on magnetic‐ and photoresponsive nanocrystals that respond to magnetic fields and/or near‐infrared stimuli for cancer therapies. Special attention is given to the synergic effect that can be achieved with nanoscale heating in combination with chemotherapy through drug‐delivery devices to effectively kill cancer cells. In this way, the nanoparticles act as heating sources or “hot spots,” which can trigger cellular responses in the absence of a global temperature rise, making the tumor cells more sensitive to chemotherapeutics. The fabrication of optical and magnetic drug‐delivery devices, the heating mechanisms, and their applications in tumor treatment are also summarized.
Equatorial Atlantic variability—Modes, mechanisms, and global teleconnections
Authors: Lübbecke Joke F. , Rodríguez‐Fonseca Belen , Richter Ingo , Martín‐Rey Marta , Losada Teresa , Polo Irene , Keenlyside Noel S. 
Published: May 2018

Sea surface temperature (SST) variability in the tropical Atlantic Ocean strongly impacts the climate on the surrounding continents. On interannual time scales, highest SST variability occurs in the eastern equatorial region and off the coast of southwestern Africa. The pattern of SST variability resembles the Pacific El Niño, but features notable differences, and has been discussed in the context of various climate modes, that is, reoccurring patterns resulting from particular interactions in the climate system. Here, we attempt to reconcile those different definitions, concluding that almost all of them are essentially describing the same mode that we refer to as the “Atlantic Niño.” We give an overview of the mechanisms that have been proposed to underlie this mode, and we discuss its interaction with other climate modes within and outside the tropical Atlantic. The impact of Atlantic Niño‐related SST variability on rainfall, in particular over the Gulf of Guinea and north eastern South America is also described. An important aspect we highlight is that the Atlantic Niño and its teleconnections are not stationary, but subject to multidecadal modulations. Simulating the Atlantic Niño proves a challenge for state‐of‐the‐art climate models, and this may be partly due to the large mean state biases in the region. Potential reasons for these model biases and implications for seasonal prediction are discussed.This article is categorized under:
Climate Models and Modeling > Knowledge Generation with Models
Vanishing pressure and magnetic field limit of solutions to the nonisentropic magnetogasdynamics
Authors: Wang Jinhuan , Yang Hanchun 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe Riemann problem of the nonisentropic magnetogasdynamics is analytically solved. Then it is proved that, as the pressure and transverse magnetic field both vanish, any Riemann solution containing two shocks and a possibly one‐contact‐discontinuity to the nonisentropic magnetogasdynamics tends to a delta shock solution to the transport equations, and the intermediate density between the two shocks tends to a weighted δ‐measure which forms the delta shock wave; any Riemann solution containing two rarefaction waves and a possibly one‐contact‐discontinuity to the nonisentropic magnetogasdynamics tends to a two‐contact‐discontinuity solution to the transport equations, and the nonvacuum intermediate state between the two rarefaction waves tends to a vacuum state. Some numerical simulations are also presented to confirm the theory analysis.
A computational framework for the personalized clinical treatment of glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Agosti Abramo , Cattaneo Clara , Giverso Chiara , Ambrosi Davide , Ciarletta Pasquale 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this work, we develop a computational tool to predict the patient‐specific evolution of a highly malignant brain tumour, the glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), and its response to therapy. A diffuse‐interface mathematical model based on mixture theory is fed by clinical neuroimaging data that provide the anatomical and microstructural characteristics of the patient brain. The model is numerically solved using the finite element method, on the basis of suitable numerical techniques to deal with the resulting Cahn‐Hilliard type equation with degenerate mobility and single‐well potential. The results of simulations performed on the real geometry of a patient brain quantitatively show how the tumour expansion dependens on the local tissue structure. We also report the results of a sensitivity analysis concerning the effects of the different therapeutic strategies employed in the clinical Stupp protocol. The simulated results are in qualitative agreement with the observed evolution of GBM during growth, recurrence and response to treatment. Taken as a proof‐of‐concept, these results open the way to a novel personalized approach of mathematical tools in clinical oncology.
Land Use
Authors: Trautwein Clemens , Pletterbauer Florian 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDendritic stream-river networks are the backbone of most landscapes on earth’s surface and determine linkages between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. These networks are hierarchically organized from microhabitats to the scale of whole catchments (Frissell et al. 1986). Accordingly, many processes of lotic freshwater ecosystems are determined by this hierarchically nested structure of river networks and their interlinkages. Hynes (1975) emphasized the importance of the linkage between the conditions within a river catchment and the flows of energy, materials, and organisms in the river as a dynamic ecosystem. These flows are interwoven in complex, cross-linked relationships of ecosystem functioning. Up to now, it is a prime challenge to understand these functions in detail and to robustly manage riverine landscapes in a sustainable manner. Starting with the work of Hynes (1975), the scale of riverine management was understood to occur over entire river catchments or even river basins with several concepts that integrated this perception (Vannote et al. 1980; Frissell et al. 1986; Ward 1989; Poff 1997; Fausch et al. 2002; Ward et al. 2002; Burcher et al. 2007). These theoretical frameworks seek to understand and to quantify interactions between landscape conditions over large spatial extents and instream responses. Ultimately, the catchment approach was even implemented into legal frameworks, such as the Water Framework Directive (WFD), which recognizes the river basin as relevant management scale (European Parliament 2000).
Probing SUSY effects in K0
S → μ+μ−
Authors: Chobanova Veronika , D’Ambrosio Giancarlo , Kitahara Teppei , Martínez Miriam Lucio , Santos Diego Martínez , Fernández Isabel Suárez , Yamamoto Kei 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

We explore supersymmetric contributions to the decay K

S

0
→ μ
+
μ
−, in light of current experimental data. The Standard Model (SM) predicts

$$ \mathrm{\mathcal{B}}\left({K}_S^0\to {\mu}^{+}{\mu}^{-}\right)\approx 5\times {10}^{-12} $$

ℬ

K
S
0

→

μ
+

μ
−

≈
5
×

10

−
12

. We find that contributions arising from flavour violating Higgs penguins can enhance the branching fraction up to ≈ 35 × 10−12 within different scenarios of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM), as well as suppress it down to ≈ 0.78 × 10−12. Regions with fine-tuned parameters can bring the branching fraction up to the current experimental upper bound, 8 × 10−10. The mass degeneracy of the heavy Higgs bosons in MSSM induces correlations between

$$ \mathrm{\mathcal{B}}\left({K}_S^0\to {\mu}^{+}{\mu}^{-}\right)\;\mathrm{and}\;\mathrm{\mathcal{B}}\left({K}_L^0\to {\mu}^{+}{\mu}^{-}\right) $$

ℬ

K
S
0

→

μ
+

μ
−

and

ℬ

K
L
0

→

μ
+

μ
−

. Predictions for the CP asymmetry in K
0 → μ
+
μ
− decays in the context of MSSM are also given, and can be up to eight times bigger than in the SM.
Trunk, head and pelvis interactions in healthy children when performing seated daily arm tasks
Authors: Peeters L. H. C. , Kingma I. , Faber G. S. , van Dieën J. H. , de Groot I. J. M. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Development of trunk and head supportive devices for children with neuromuscular disorders requires detailed information about pelvis, trunk and head movement in interaction with upper extremity movement, as these are crucial for daily activities when seated in a wheelchair. Twenty-five healthy subjects (6–20 years old) were included to obtain insight in the physiological interactions between these segments and to assess maturation effects. Subjects performed a maximum range of trunk and head movement tasks and several daily tasks, including forward and lateral reaching. Movements of the arms, head, pelvis, and sub-sections of the trunk were recorded with an optical motion capture system. The range of motion of each segment was calculated. Contributions of individual trunk segments to the range of trunk motion varied with movement direction and therefore with the task performed. Movement of pelvis and all trunk segments in the sagittal plane increased significantly with reaching height, distance and object weight when reaching forward and lateral. Trunk movement in reaching decreased with age. Head movement was opposite to trunk movement in the sagittal (> 50% of the subjects) and transverse planes (> 75% of the subjects) and was variable in the frontal plane in most tasks. Both trunk and head movement onsets were earlier compared to arm movement onset. These results provide insight in the role of the upper body in arm tasks in young subjects and can be used for the design of trunk and head supportive devices for children with neuromuscular disorders.
Sucrose affects the developmental transition of rhizomes in Oryza longistaminata
Authors: Bessho-Uehara Kanako , Nugroho Jovano Erris , Kondo Hirono , Angeles-Shim Rosalyn B. , Ashikari Motoyuki 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Oryza longistaminata, the African wild rice, can propagate vegetatively through rhizomes. Rhizomes elongate horizontally underground as sink organs, however, they undergo a developmental transition that shifts their growth to the surface of the ground to become aerial stems. This particular stage is essential for the establishment of new ramets. While several determinants such as abiotic stimuli and plant hormones have been reported as key factors effecting developmental transition in aerial stem, the cause of this phenomenon in rhizome remains elusive. This study shows that depletion of nutrients, particularly sucrose, is the key stimulus that induces the developmental transition in rhizomes, as indicated by the gradient of sugars from the base to the tip of the rhizome. Sugar treatments revealed that sucrose specifically represses the developmental transition from rhizome to aerial stem by inhibiting the expression of sugar metabolism and hormone synthesis genes at the bending point. Sucrose depletion affected several factors contributing to the developmental transition of rhizome including signal transduction, transcriptional regulation and plant hormone balance.
You make all things special: Developing a scale to measure sympathetic magic in romantic relationships
Authors: Niemyjska Aleksandra , Parzuchowski Michał 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis paper describes the development and construct validation of the Romantic Sympathetic Magic Scale (RSMS). The scale measures individual differences in directing attachment behavior toward inanimate objects associated with one’s partner. We offer a theoretical basis for such behavior in the concept of sympathetic magic and test the motivational and cognitive factors involved in this tendency. Finally, we differentiate romantic sympathetic magic from similar concepts. Three studies (N = 851) showed that RSMS is related to increased experientiality as well as to motivation to increase closeness to one’s partner. The RSMS is related to, but substantially different from, paranormal beliefs, anthropomorphism for gadgets, and an overall attachment to inanimate objects. The distinctive feature of romantic sympathetic magic is that it applies specifically to objects associated with people’s loved ones and its function is to facilitate a perceived connection with them. This research contributes to our understanding of the correspondence between personal relationships and emotional connection to inanimate objects.
Perceived barriers and facilitators to goals of care discussions in the emergency department: A descriptive analysis of the views of emergency medicine physicians and residents
Authors: Argintaru Niran , Quinn Kieran L. , Chartier Lucas B. , Lee Jacques , Hannam Paul , O’Connor Erin , Steinberg Leah , Ovens Howard , McGowan Melissa , Vaillancourt Samuel 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectiveFew studies have examined the challenges faced by emergency medicine (EM) physicians in conducting goals of care discussions. This study is the first to describe the perceived barriers and facilitators to these discussions as reported by Canadian EM physicians and residents.MethodsA team of EM, palliative care, and internal medicine physicians developed a survey comprising multiple choice, Likert-scale and open-ended questions to explore four domains of goals-of-care discussions: training; communication; environment; and patient beliefs.ResultsSurveys were sent to 273 EM staff and residents in six sites, and 130 (48%) responded. Staff physicians conducted goals-of-care discussions several times per month or more, 74.1% (80/108) of the time versus 35% (8/23) of residents. Most agreed that goals-of-care discussions are within their scope of practice (92%), they felt comfortable having these discussions (96%), and they are adequately trained (73%). However, 66% reported difficulty initiating goals-of-care discussions, and 54% believed that admitting services should conduct them. Main barriers were time (46%), lack of a relationship with the patient (25%), patient expectations (23%), no prior discussions (21%), and the inability to reach substitute decision-makers (17%). Fifty-four percent of respondents indicated that the availability of 24-hour palliative care consults would facilitate discussions in the emergency department (ED).ConclusionsImportant barriers to discussing goals of care in the ED were identified by respondents, including acuity and lack of prior relationship, highlighting the need for system and environmental interventions, including improved availability of palliative care services in the ED.
Hospital-Level Variability in Broad-Spectrum Antibiotic Use for Children With Acute Leukemia Undergoing Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
Authors: Elgarten Caitlin W. , Arnold Staci D. , Li Yimei , Huang Yuan-Shung V. , Riches Marcie L. , Gerber Jeffrey S. , Aplenc Richard , Saber Wael , Fisher Brian T. 
Published: May 2018

OBJECTIVETo explore the prevalence and drivers of hospital-level variability in antibiotic utilization among hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients to inform antimicrobial stewardship initiatives.DESIGNRetrospective cohort study using data merged from the Pediatric Health Information System and the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research.SETTINGThe study included 27 transplant centers in freestanding children’s hospitals.METHODSThe primary outcome was days of broad-spectrum antibiotic use in the interval from day of HCT through neutrophil engraftment. Hospital antibiotic utilization rates were reported as days of therapy (DOTs) per 1,000 neutropenic days. Negative binomial regression was used to estimate hospital utilization rates, adjusting for patient covariates including demographics, transplant characteristics, and severity of illness. To better quantify the magnitude of hospital variation and to explore hospital-level drivers in addition to patient-level drivers of variation, mixed-effects negative binomial models were also constructed.RESULTSAdjusted hospital rates of antipseudomonal antibiotic use varied from 436 to 1121 DOTs per 1,000 neutropenic days, and rates of broad-spectrum, gram-positive antibiotic use varied from 153 to 728 DOTs per 1,000 neutropenic days. We detected variability by hospital in choice of antipseudomonal agent (ie, cephalosporins, penicillins, and carbapenems), but gram-positive coverage was primarily driven by vancomycin use. Considerable center-level variability remained even after controlling for additional hospital-level factors. Antibiotic use was not strongly associated with days of significant illness or mortality.CONCLUSIONAmong a homogenous population of children undergoing HCT for acute leukemia, both the quantity and spectrum of antibiotic exposure in the immediate posttransplant period varied widely. Antimicrobial stewardship initiatives can apply these data to optimize the use of antibiotics in transplant patients.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;797–805
Dissolution of a sloping solid surface by turbulent compositional convection
Authors: McConnochie Craig D. , Kerr Ross C. 
Published: May 2018

We examine the dissolution of a sloping solid surface driven by turbulent compositional convection. The scaling analysis presented by Kerr & McConnochie (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 765, 2015, pp. 211–228) for the dissolution of a vertical wall is extended to the case of a sloping wall. The model has no free parameters and no dependence on height. It predicts that while the interfacial temperature and interfacial composition are independent of the slope, the dissolution velocity is proportional to $\cos ^{2/3}\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}$, where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}$ is the angle of the sloping surface to the vertical. The analysis is tested by comparing it with laboratory measurements of the ablation of a sloping ice wall in contact with salty water. We apply the model to make predictions of the turbulent convective dissolution of a sloping ice shelf in the polar oceans.
Spherical vortices in rotating fluids
Authors: Scase M. M. , Terry H. L. 
Published: May 2018

A popular model for a generic fat-cored vortex ring or eddy is Hill’s spherical vortex (Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A, vol. 185, 1894, pp. 213–245). This well-known solution of the Euler equations may be considered a special case of the doubly infinite family of swirling spherical vortices identified by Moffatt (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 35 (1), 1969, pp. 117–129). Here we find exact solutions for such spherical vortices propagating steadily along the axis of a rotating ideal fluid. The boundary of the spherical vortex swirls in such a way as to exactly cancel out the background rotation of the system. The flow external to the spherical vortex exhibits fully nonlinear inertial wave motion. We show that above a critical rotation rate, closed streamlines may form in this outer fluid region and hence carry fluid along with the spherical vortex. As the rotation rate is further increased, further concentric ‘sibling’ vortex rings are formed.