bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurocognitive and psychological effects of persistent pain in pediatric sickle cell disease
Authors: Connolly Megan E. , Bills Sarah E. , Hardy Steven J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundPain is a major complication of sickle cell disease (SCD), spanning vaso‐occlusive crises and persistent pain. Although it is known that persistent pain is associated with considerable impairment in youth without SCD, little is known about the functional effects of persistent pain in SCD. The current study aimed to (a) characterize persistent pain in youth with SCD and (b) determine the extent to which youth with SCD and persistent pain differ in disease morbidity, functional impairment, and neurocognitive and psychological functioning.ProcedureEighty‐nine participants (ages 7‐16) and caregivers completed questionnaires (BRIEF [Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function], Conners‐3 [Conners—third edition], and PedsQL™‐SCD Module, where PedsQL is Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory). Participants completed neurocognitive tests WISC‐V [Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children‐fifth edition], WJ‐III [Woodcock Johnson Tests of Achievement—third edition], and WIAT‐III [Wechsler Individual Achievement Test—third edition]). Youth were classified as having persistent pain if they reported daily pain for 7 days. Chi‐square and independent sample t‐test analyses were used to assess group differences (those with vs without persistent pain).ResultsPatients with persistent pain (n = 18) reported lower health‐related quality of life (P = .000). Caregivers were more likely to rate youth with persistent pain as having lower planning/organization abilities (P = .011) and clinically elevated symptoms of defiance/aggression and oppositional defiance (Ps = .00; .01). Patients with persistent pain demonstrated poorer working memory (P = .023) and processing speed (P = .027), and fewer demonstrating reading fluency abilities in the average or above range (P = .026).ConclusionsYouth with SCD and persistent pain are at risk for psychosocial and neurocognitive impairments, suggesting that persistent pain may be an important indicator of disease burden. Furthermore, disease management may be enhanced by assessing cognitive and psychosocial functioning and incorporating interdisciplinary treatments addressing impairment associated with persistent pain.
Vascular modulation through exercise improves chemotherapy efficacy in Ewing sarcoma
Authors: Morrell Miriam B. G. , Alvarez‐Florez Claudia , Zhang Aiqian , Kleinerman Eugenie S. , Savage Hannah , Marmonti Enrica , Park Minjeong , Shaw Angela , Schadler Keri L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRecent studies in mouse models of cancer have shown that exercise improves tumor vascular function, thereby improving chemotherapy delivery and efficacy. However, the mechanisms underlying this improvement remain unclear and the effect of exercise on Ewing sarcoma (ES), a pediatric bone and soft tissue cancer, is unknown. The effect of exercise on tumor vascular hyperpermeability, which inversely correlates with drug delivery to the tumor, has also not been evaluated. We hypothesized that exercise improves chemotherapy efficacy by enhancing its delivery through improving tumor vascular permeability. We treated ES‐bearing mice with doxorubicin with or without moderate treadmill exercise. Exercise did not significantly alter ES tumor vessel morphology. However, compared to control mice, tumors of exercised mice had significantly reduced hyperpermeability, significantly decreased hypoxia, and higher doxorubicin penetration. Compared to doxorubicin alone, doxorubicin plus exercise inhibited tumor growth more efficiently. We evaluated endothelial cell sphingosine‐1‐phosphate receptors 1 and 2 (S1PR1 and S1PR2) as potential mediators of the improved vascular permeability and increased function afforded by exercise. Relative to tumors from control mice, vessels in tumors from exercised mice had increased S1PR1 and decreased S1PR2 expression. Our results support a model in which exercise remodels ES vasculature to reduce vessel hyperpermeability, potentially via modulation of S1PR1 and S1PR2, thereby improving doxorubicin delivery and inhibiting tumor growth more than doxorubicin alone does. Our data suggest moderate aerobic exercise should be tested in clinical trials as a potentially useful adjuvant to standard chemotherapy for patients with ES.
The psychological impact of being on a monitoring pathway for localised prostate cancer: A UK‐wide mixed methods study
Authors: Matheson Lauren , Wilding Sarah , Wagland Richard , Nayoan Johana , Rivas Carol , Downing Amy , Wright Penny , Brett Jo , Kearney Therese , Cross William , Glaser Adam , Gavin Anna , Watson Eila 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo address concerns over the psychological impact of being on a monitoring pathway following prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis, this study compared the psychological status of men on active surveillance (AS) or watchful waiting (WW) with men on active treatment (AT) and explored psychological adjustment in men on AS/WW.MethodsCross‐sectional survey of UK men diagnosed with PCa 18 to 42 months previously (n = 16 726, localised disease at diagnosis) and telephone interviews with 24 men on AS/WW. Psychological outcomes were measured using two validated scales (Short Warwick‐Edinburgh Mental Well‐being Scale [SWEMWBS] and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale). Univariable and multivariable analyses compared outcomes between men on AS/WW and AT. Thematic analysis of interviews was undertaken, informed by a previously developed theory of adjustment to cancer.ResultsA total of 3986 (23.8%) respondents were on AS/WW. Overall, psychological outcomes were similar or better in men on AS/WW compared with those receiving AT (SWEMWBS: Poor well‐being; 12.3% AS/WW vs 13.9% AT, adjusted OR = 0.86, 95% CI, 0.76‐0.97; K6: severe psychological distress; 4.6% vs 5.4%, adjusted OR = 0.90, 95% CI, 0.74‐1.08). Interviews indicated that most men on AS/WW had adjusted positively. Men with poorer well‐being were less able to accept, reframe positively and normalise their diagnosis, described receiving insufficient information and support, and reported a lack of confidence in their health care professionals.ConclusionsMost men on AS/WW cope well psychologically. Men making treatment decisions should be given this information. Psychological health should be assessed to determine suitability for AS/WW, and at monitoring appointments. A clear action plan and support from health care professionals is important.
Sequential latin hypercube design with both space‐filling and projective properties
Authors: Zhou XiaoJian , Lin Dennis K. J. , Hu XueLong , Ouyang Linhan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSpace‐filling and projective properties are probably the two most important features in computer experiment. The existing research works have tried to develop different kinds of sequential Latin hypercube design (LHD) to meet these two properties. However, most if not all of them cannot simultaneously ensure these two properties in their versions of sequential LHD. In this paper, we propose a novel sequential LHD that can simultaneously meet the space‐filling and the projective properties at each stage. A search algorithm is employed to find how many design points should be added in each stage to ensure the projective property; and the “Maximin" criterion is used to meet the space‐filling property. Two kinds of examples for low dimension and higher dimension are presented to illustrate how these sequential sampling processes are realized. The proposed method can be applied to the areas where computationally expensive simulations are involved.
Reliability analysis of multi‐state series systems with performance sharing mechanism under epistemic uncertainty
Authors: Qiu Siqi , Ming Henry X. G. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFor real engineering systems, it is sometimes difficult to obtain sufficient data to estimate the precise values of some parameters in reliability analysis. This kind of uncertainty is called epistemic uncertainty. Because of the epistemic uncertainty, traditional universal generating function (UGF) technique is not appropriate to analyze the reliability of systems with performance sharing mechanism under epistemic uncertainty. This paper proposes a belief UGF (BUGF)‐based method to evaluate the reliability of multi‐state series systems with performance sharing mechanism under epistemic uncertainty. The proposed BUGF‐based reliability analysis method is validated by an illustrative example and compared with the interval UGF (IUGF)‐based methods with interval arithmetic or affine arithmetic. The illustrative example shows that the proposed BUGF‐based method is more efficient than the IUGF‐based methods in the reliability analysis of multi‐state systems (MSSs) with performance sharing mechanism under epistemic uncertainty.
Oxidation of a depleted uranium‐5 wt% molybdenum (U‐5Mo) alloy in UHV by AES and XPS
Authors: Bacon Simon R. , Brierley Martin , Baker Mark A. , Watts John F. 
Published: May 2019

Early stage oxidation of a dilute‐depleted uranium‐molybdenum alloy was analysed in situ under ultra‐high vacuum conditions by AES and XPS. At the equivalent of less than 300 ns at 1‐atm O2, U‐5Mo oxidizes to form stoichiometric UO2. No molybdenum oxidation is observed. After an oxygen dose of approximately 39 L, the oxide layer approached a limiting thickness of approximately 2.4 nm. The oxidation kinetics followed a logarithmic rate law, with the best fit to the experimental data for the oxide thickness, d, being given by d = 1.26 log(0.12t + 0.56). Changes in oxygen KLL and 1s peak positions associated with transformation from chemisorbed oxygen to metal oxide were observed at similar oxygen doses of 2.3 and 2.6 L O2 by AES and XPS, respectively, which opens up the possibility of using well‐characterized XPS chemical information to inform Auger peak shifts.
Base Catalyzed Scaffold Shift from Pyranone Carboxamide to Pyrazolyl Acetamide through Intramolecular Ring Transformation
Authors: Rozy Farhana , Sharon Ashoke 
Published: May 2019

AbstractScaffold shift of biologically active pyranone carboxamide to pyrazolyl acetamide, which is another biologically important scaffold was achieved through one‐pot base catalyzed metal‐free intramolecular ring transformation. Out of the two probable mechanistic pathways (Figure 3), substitution at C‐4 by hydrazineyl leading to a pyranone intermediate followed by an intramolecular attack of hydrazineyl at C‐6 and decarboxylation to yield pyrazolyl acetamides was rationalized through LCMS, UV monitoring and computational studies.
Hydrogenation of Dicyclopentadiene Resin and Its Monomer over High Efficient CuNi Alloy Catalysts
Authors: Bai Zongxuan , Chen Xiao , Yang Kaixuan , Guan Weixiang , Li Chuang , Chen Ping , Liang Changhai 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDicyclopentadiene (DCPD) resin polymerized by DCPD contains a large number of unsaturated bonds, hydrogenation plays an important role in enhancing its thermal stability and decoloring. Herein, a series of supported Cu−Ni‐Al catalysts with high distribution and large surface areas derived from direct reduction of hydrotalcite‐like compounds have been synthesized. The hydrogenation properties of supported Cu−Ni‐Al catalysts for the DCPD resin and its monomer have been investigated. The Cu1Ni3‐Al2O3 catalyst shows the highest DCPD conversion (>99%) and selectivity to tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene (THDCPD) (>98%) under mild conditions (40 °C, 2 MPa H2) compared with the corresponding catalysts prepared by impregnation and mechanically mixed method. Due to the high particle dispersion of active‐sites and the synergistic effect between metallic Cu and Ni, the optimal catalyst (Cu1Ni3‐Al2O3) also presents an expected catalytic activity in the hydrogenation of DCPD resin.
Effects from Basis Sets and Levels of Calculations on the Nature of Interactions Predicted by QTAIM Dual Functional Analysis with QTAIM Functions
Authors: Hayashi Satoko , Nishide Taro , Ueda Kazuki , Hayama Koki , Nakanishi Waro 
Published: May 2019

AbstractInvestigations concerning the nature of interactions must be considered an issue of primary importance in the chemical sciences. The dynamic and static natures of interactions were recently proposed based on the quantum theory of atoms in molecules dual functional analysis (QTAIM‐DFA). The nature of interactions is widely investigated under various conditions, which often results in the predictions of (very) different natures. The predicted nature should be well correlated to the observed parameters, especially for experimental scientists. The effects from the basis sets and levels of calculations on the predicted parameters are carefully examined, exemplified by the interaction distances in question, the QTAIM functions for the interactions, and the QTAIM‐DFA parameters. The effects are discussed for the total (basis set + level) terms and each term. The mechanisms of the total terms are also clarified for the QTAIM‐DFA parameters. The results provide a good guideline for discussion of the nature of interactions based on the calculated parameters under various calculation conditions. The results help to establish a reliable method to elucidate the nature of interactions, such as QTAIM‐DFA.
Microspheres/Custard‐Apples Copper (II) Chelate Polymer: Characterization, Docking, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Assay
Authors: Bagade Reena , Chaudhary Ratiram Gomaji , Potbhare Ajay , Mondal Aniruddha , Desimone Martin , Dadure Kanhaiya , Mishra Raghvendra , Juneja Harjeet 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn the present study we have reported fabrication and structural determination of 3D microspheres/custard‐apples shaped mesoporous CuII chelate polymer (CP) from a 1D chelating ligand for enhanced an antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The CP was fabricated from a novel chelating ligand suberoyl bis(2‐ethoxybenzamide) (sbebz) with copper salt by condensation, while sbebz was synthesized from 2‐ethoxybenzamide and suberoyl chloride, and was structurally authenticated by 1HNMR, 13CNMR, FT‐IR, Mass spectroscopy, XRD, and SEM. As‐fabricated CP was characterized by XRD, FT‐IR, EDS, UV‐DRS, XPS, Raman, SEM, TEM, AFM, BET, and TG for authentication of its structure, shape, size, chemical state, composition, purity, surface behavior, porosity, and thermal stability. SEM revealed nearly monodispersity in microspheres, while TEM rendered average particles sizes of 10–47 nm. AFM supported nearly homogenized nature of microspheres, while BET rendered a mesoporosity. Further, antioxidant property of CP was examined by using α, α‐diphenyl‐β‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) in ethanolic/methanolic solvents, while ascorbic acid was used as a standard medium. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of both materials was tested against human pathogenic bacteria viz. gram +Ve (Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus substilis), and gram –Ve (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae). Moreover, molecular docking of sbebz was performed using both genetic (GA) and non‐genetic (Non‐GA) algorithm techniques, where result demonstrated an excellent docking energy.
New Insights into the Triton X‐100 Induced Chemical Exfoliation of MoS2 to Derive Highly Luminescent Nanosheets
Authors: Kedawat Garima , Kumar Pawan , Nagpal Kanika , Paul Sharon J. , Singh V. N. , Kumar Sampath Satheesh , Gupta Bipin Kumar 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe exfoliation of two dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) into mono‐ or few‐layers without compromising their semiconductor properties has momentous interest for both point of view; fundamental studies and further implementation in practical applications. Herein, we reported a novel and inexpensive approach for high yield nanosheets from bulk MoS2 to few layers of strong luminescent MoS2 nanosheets using Triton X‐100 as a surfactant with tailoring the bulk band gap 1.2 eV to 1.79 eV of few layers of nanosheets after chemical exfoliation process, which can be easily scaled‐up in large quantity. The microstructural results reveal that the exfoliated nanosheets have thickness in the range of few layers and lateral dimension in the range of few hundred nanometers. Our findings may offer a new innovative one setup chemical exfoliation process to design a few layer of MoS2 nanosheets without suppressing luminescent properties, which is highly desirable for the next generation optoelectronic devices.
Description of the Pakistani Context
Authors: Zaman Muhammad 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this chapter, the description of the sample and protocols of the research on Pakistan is documented. It also sheds light on the study locations in Pakistan and the uniqueness of the urban neighborhoods of Islamabad and Rawalpindi. A short description, as well as a comparison of the neighborhoods, is presented in the chapter. The broader social conditions and infrastructure of these neighborhoods are also presented in the chapter. The chapter closes with an outline of a broader impression of the findings of the chapter.
Proactive Process Adaptation Using Deep Learning Ensembles
Authors: Metzger Andreas , Neubauer Adrian , Bohn Philipp , Pohl Klaus 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Proactive process adaptation can prevent and mitigate upcoming problems during process execution. Proactive adaptation decisions are based on predictions about how an ongoing process instance will unfold up to its completion. On the one hand, these predictions must have high accuracy, as, for instance, false negative predictions mean that necessary adaptations are missed. On the other hand, these predictions should be produced early during process execution, as this leaves more time for adaptations, which typically have non-negligible latencies. However, there is an important tradeoff between prediction accuracy and earliness. Later predictions typically have a higher accuracy, because more information about the ongoing process instance is available. To address this tradeoff, we use an ensemble of deep learning models that can produce predictions at arbitrary points during process execution and that provides reliability estimates for each prediction. We use these reliability estimates to dynamically determine the earliest prediction with sufficient accuracy, which is used as basis for proactive adaptation. Experimental results indicate that our dynamic approach may offer cost savings of 27% on average when compared to using a static prediction point.
Tools and systems for evolutionary engineering of biomolecules and microorganisms
Authors: Jang Sungho , Kim Minsun , Hwang Jaeseong , Jung Gyoo Yeol 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Evolutionary approaches have been providing solutions to various bioengineering challenges in an efficient manner. In addition to traditional adaptive laboratory evolution and directed evolution, recent advances in synthetic biology and fluidic systems have opened a new era of evolutionary engineering. Synthetic genetic circuits have been created to control mutagenesis and enable screening of various phenotypes, particularly metabolite production. Fluidic systems can be used for high-throughput screening and multiplexed continuous cultivation of microorganisms. Moreover, continuous directed evolution has been achieved by combining all the steps of evolutionary engineering. Overall, modern tools and systems for evolutionary engineering can be used to establish the artificial equivalent to natural evolution for various research applications.
Congenital abnormalities and anatomical variations of the vermiform appendix and mesoappendix
Authors: Vieira Elciana de Paiva Lima , Bonato Larissa Milton , Silva Gabriela Gonçalves Pereira da , Gurgel Jonas Lírio 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Aim The purpose of this review was to present and discuss the anatomical variations and congenital abnormalities of the vermiform appendix and mesoappendix reported in recent years, and their associations with acute appendicitis and other associated pathologies.
Methods The search was carried out in the following databases: PubMed, Science Direct, and SciELO.
Results Thirty-seven studies were included in this review. Among the abnormalities of the vermiform appendix identified are agenesis and duplicity, and anatomical variations were related to length and positioning. Appendicular duplicity was a more frequent abnormality, mainly Type B2, associated with acute appendicitis, followed by agenesis, Type III. The first case of agenesis associated with acute appendicitis and volvulus-type duplicity of the appendix was identified. The most frequent position was retrocecal in adults and pelvic in children. In the mesoappendix, anatomical variations in its positioning, shape, absence, and length were identified.
Conclusion This review sought to present and discuss the anatomical variations and congenital abnormalities of the vermiform appendix and mesoappendix reported in recent years, and their associations with acute appendicitis and other associated pathologies, contributing to aid in clinical diagnosis and surgical interventions in patients with suspected acute appendicitis.
Detecting and characterising an englacial conduit network within a temperate Swiss glacier using active seismic, ground penetrating radar and borehole analysis
Authors: Church Gregory , Bauder Andreas , Grab Melchior , Rabenstein Lasse , Singh Satyan , Maurer Hansruedi 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTEnglacial hydrology plays an important role in routing surface water to the glacier's bed and it consequently affects the glacier's dynamics. However, it is often difficult to observe englacial conduit conditions on temperate glaciers because of their short-lived nature. We acquired repeated active surface seismic data over the Rhone Glacier, Switzerland to monitor and characterise englacial conduit conditions. Amplitude-versus-angle analysis suggested that the englacial conduit is water filled and between 0.5 and 4 m thick. A grid of GPR profiles, acquired during the 2018 melt season, showed the englacial conduit network persisting and covering ~ 14,000 m2. In late summer 2018, several boreholes were drilled into the conduit network. We observed generally stable water pressure, but there were also short sudden increases. A borehole camera provided images of a fast flowing englacial stream transporting sediment through the conduit. From these observations, we infer that the englacial conduit network is fed by surface meltwater and morainal streams. The surface and morainal streams merge together, enter the glacier subglacially and flow through subglacial channels along the flank. These subglacial channels flow into highly efficient englacial conduits traversing the up-glacier section of the overdeepening before connecting with the subglacial drainage system.