bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Duration and geodynamic nature of giant Central Asian batholiths: geological and geochronological studies of the Khangai batholith
Authors: Yarmolyuk V. V. , Kozlovsky A. M. , Travin A. V. , Kirnozova T. I. , Fugzan M. M. , Kozakov I. K. , Plotkina Yu. V. , Eenzhin G. , Oyunchimeg Ts. , Sviridova O. E. 
Published: May 2019

In the Late Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic, during about 100 m.y., the world’s three largest batholiths (Angara-Vitim, Khangai, and Khentei, each up to 1 000 000 km3 in volume) had formed within the limits of the Central Asian orogenic belt. Considering the case of the Khangai batholith, the problem of how, when, and why such an extensive granite formation took place is analyzed. The geochronological data for granitoids of the batholith by U–Pb (ID-TIMS) and 40Ar/39Ar dating methods are systematized to distinguish three age groups of rocks. These rock groups are correlated to the geological events occurred in the region. The earliest group includes granitoids formed in the interval of 302–283 Ma. They tend to the western and southern framings of the batholith and correspond to the fragments of two igneous belts that crossed the region, where the batholith formed later, and reached the areas far beyond. The youngest group of igneous rocks (230–200 Ma) is developed in the eastern periphery of the batholith and corresponds to the marginal part of the large Early Mesozoic Mongol-Transbaikalian igneous zone, with the main part being located far away to the east of there. Igneous complexes that formed in the interval of 273–238 Ma correspond to the batholith proper. They are concentrated within the zone of 350 × 400 km in size and are represented by rocks of two associations: granite-granodiorite (Khangai complex) and granite-leucogranite (Sharaus Gol complex). The coeval analogs of these rocks are reported only in the framing of the batholith.
The comparison between the Khangai batholith and two other giant ones (Angara-Vitim and Khentei) revealed their similarity in terms of structure and evolution. They are all composed of similar rock associations and are of comparable sizes and age intervals of formation. For example, the Angara-Vitim and Khentei batholiths formed mainly in the intervals of 305–275 and 229–195 Ma, respectively. The obtained estimates of formation time of ~30 m.y. should seemingly be considered as the time necessary for chambers of anatectic magmas, which to certain degree formed giant (~1 000 000 km3 in volume) batholiths, to cool down in the Earth’s interior. The formation of giant batholiths is attributed to the effect of mantle plumes on the lithosphere of a young fold zone that appeared as a result of accretionary-collisional events in the marginal part of the Siberian paleocontinent.
Approaches to the allocation of periphery and рeripheralization in the spatial development of modern Russia
Authors: Anokhin A. A. , Kuzin V. Yu. 
Published: May 2019

The article is devoted to the issues of periphery and peripheralization of the spatial development of Russia, a significant part of the territory of which has experienced the negative direction of social and economic development during the transition to a market economy and continues to undergo it at the present time.
The article discusses the theoretical approaches of Russian and foreign authors to the definition of the concepts of «periphery», «peripheralization of space». Based on the use of methods of comparative analysis and systematization, the authors identified six main approaches of researchers to the definition of the concept of «periphery»: positional, functional, problem, generative-translational, social, subjective, and also revealed the content and peculiarity of each approach.
The authors highlighted such basic properties of the periphery as diverse remoteness, economic degradation and social marginalization, poly-scale character, migration outflow, ubiquity and relativity, weak involvement in global economic relations. A system of indicators characterizing the periphery in accordance with the selected approaches is proposed.
On the basis of the conducted research, it was concluded that the spatial development of individual centers of Russia is taking place with the spatial degradation of its most part, which significantly actualizes the question of the future of the Russian periphery and its impact on the spatial development of the country as a whole. Due to the weakness of its own potential, the Russian periphery cannot act as an independent attractor of socio-economic development and requires strengthening state regulation measures based on the competitive advantages of each territory.
Development of the legal framework of recreational nature management in Russia
Authors: Isachenko T. E. , Kosarev A. V. 
Published: May 2019

The article traces the history of the development of legal legislation related to the recreational development of the territory. Five stages of formation are considered. For each stage the types of recreational areas are characterized. These types are reflected in the regulatory legal acts of each time period. Recreational nature management takes a significant place in the structure of nature management in Russia. It's modern regulatory and legal framework is analyzed in particular. The study revealed the main problems of involving territories in the recreational sphere from the standpoint of the main normative documents — the codes of the Russian Federation: Land, Water, Forest and Town-planning and Federal laws supplementing them. The analysis of the current legislation and the terminology used in it provides the basis for the correlation of recreational nature management with five categories of land: forest lands, agricultural lands, water resources, build-up areas (settlements) and lands of specially protected areas and objects. The necessity of integration of the concepts of «cultural landscape», «landscape planning» and «landscape plan» in the legal field with the aim of streamlining the process of planning and design of recreational areas and synchronization of the legislation in the sphere of recreational nature management is suggested in the article.
Gestión administrativa en los lugares de expendio de víveres de la ciudad de Tulcán, que permita un óptimo manejo y control de recursos para mejorar su rentabilidad
Authors: Pinchao Imbaquingo Miltón Iván 
Published: May 2019

Al no existir en la Provincia del Carchi ningún estudio sobre gestión administrativa en los comercios que se dedican al expendio de víveres, se hizo necesario realizar un diagnóstico situacional de manera rigurosa y científica, para determinar la manera del cómo se están manejando este tipo de negocios, cuya finalidad es generar una cultura administrativa en la que permita tener un mayor control de recursos, y generar mayor productividad, eliminando problemas que se representan por la mala gestión de los mismos.Las encuestas fueron aplicadas a 107 propietarios de expendio de víveres en la ciudad de Tulcán, específicamente en los sectores, centro y sur de la ciudad que son los lugares donde más personas realizan esta actividad comercial, cuya información obtenida permitió determinar aspectos puntuales del cómo se está gestionando sus negocios de manera administrativa.Se determinó que la administración aplicada es de manera subjetiva o informal, por lo que presentan problemas internos al momento de planear, organizar, dirigir y controlar, generando una disminución de sus beneficios, no solamente económicos, sino también beneficios indirectos con el cliente.Los datos obtenidos facilitan información que hace referencia al estudio realizado y permite a otras personas realizar otros estudios, o a su vez proponer alternativas de cambio a este sector en la que se pueda generar mayor confianza para una adecuada toma de decisiones.
Economía, social y solidaria, nueva forma de hacer economía
Authors: Pilay Toala Félix Sixto , Cárdenas Fierro Gisselle Mariuxi , Guillén Álava Ana Dolores 
Published: May 2019

Una nueva forma de hacer economía, frente al dominio del mercado del modelo neoliberal, se plantea a partir de la puesta en marcha de la constitución de la república, aprobada mediante referéndum en el año 2008, en el texto constitucional, de forma específica en el artículo 283, al referirse a la soberanía económica, sostiene que en el Ecuador el sistema económico es social y solidario, propende a una relación equilibrada y dinámica entre sociedad, Estado y mercado y tiene por objetivo, garantizar la producción y reproducción de las condiciones materiales e inmateriales que posibiliten el buen vivir del conjunto de la sociedad. Este documento refiere los resultados de la investigación de campo realizada a los diferentes sectores empresariales que conforman la economía popular y solidaria, entre ellas a cooperativas de ahorro y crédito, artesanos, cajas de ahorro, banquitos populares, ferias inclusivas, asociaciones de productores y unidades económicas populares, de la ciudades más importantes como Quito, Guayaquil y particularmente Santo Domingo, donde se aplicaron 300 encuestas a varios actores integrantes del nuevo sistema y la técnica de la entrevista a líderes nacionales y locales, de igual manera los resultados de la revisión bibliográfica de lo que se ha escrito sobre este tema y complementada por la información estadística de la Superintendencia de la Economía Popular y Solidaria y del Instituto de Economía Popular y Solidaria. Con vista a determinar en qué medida este nuevo modelo implementado ha permitido fortalecer al sector empresarial y con ello, mejorar las condiciones de vida de la población involucrada.
IMPLEMENTINGOUTDOORACTIVITYINTEACHINGSPEAKING
Authors: Ni'amah Afi 
Published: May 2019

Outdoor activitytechnique in descriptive speaking is able to increase students’abilityinEnglishcomprehension. Itcanalsomotivatethestudentstolearn and sohave good comprehension in learning. It motivatesthem to observe real objectsthattheycandescribethemeasierorally.Sincemotivation canenhancethe students’ eagerness in mastering speaking ability, it is important to make them practice spoken expression. Theoutdoor activitytechnique canprovide joyful and comfortable classforthestudentsindescribingobjects.Themethodofthestudyis descriptive qualitative. Theinstruments usedwereobservation checklist, interview, fieldnotesanddocumentation. Theresult ofthestudyshows thatoutdoor activity overcamethe students’fear,anxiety,andalsoimprovedtheirmotivationand communication skill.Inaddition,itaddedtheirknowledge, vocabularies, andcreate
STUDENTS’ INTONATION IN NEWS DISCOURSE
Authors: Kristanti Ika Lusi 
Published: May 2019

Intonation plays crucial role in news discourse, mainly: in producing utterance. Speaker has to consider the intonation of his/her utterance in sentence. In this case, speaker also manages their pitch in producing the each kind of sentences. Principally, intonation is the way of how the pitch of the voice rises and falls when we are speaking. Intonation helps or serves to determine the meaning of utterances. The utterance will be meaningless without intonation. The phenomenon encourages the writer to conduct this research on intonation in news discourse. This research emphasizes on how intonation in news discourse produced by students. This research employs descriptive qualitative research. The data of this research is spoken monologue. The data are obtained through recording the subjects while they are reading. The subjects use a microphone and laptop in recording process. The recording process applies adobe audition 3.0. In term, students’ speech production is analyzed through pitch tracks and spectrograms by using speech analyzer. Based on the findings, students produce two intonation patterns in news discourse: rising intonation pattern and falling intonation pattern. On the other hand, students use certain intonation pattern to declare information (statement/declarative sentence). Besides, there are two factors influencing production of certain intonation pattern by students in news discourse, namely: first language and knowledge
Steam Writing in the Urli Daiz: William Orr, the Canadian Phonetic Pioneer, and the Cause of Phonographic Reform (pp 57-92)
Authors: Murray Heather , Portebois Yannick 
Published: May 2019

In the early 1850s, a young and reform-minded phonographer named William Orr , based in Oshawa C.W., devised an ambitious plan to promote phonography and reformed spelling throughout Canada West and the British North American colonies. A promoter of Pitman shorthand, the editor and publisher of the journal the Canadian Phonetic Pioneer (1859-1861), and in all probability the country's first phonotypographer, Orr was considered in his own day to be a "fonetic pioneer" and even today can be considered an innovator in the fields of media and communications. This essay reconstructs the life and work of William Orr and the publishing history of the Canadian Phonetic Pioner, traces his involvement in the politics of the international phonographic community, and looks at related mid-century efforts to promote the "art phonographic" (through platform demonstrations, new associations, and Mechanics' Institute classes). "Spelling reform" is placed here, as it was for its practitioners, in the context of other mid-century social reform movements.
CONTRIBUIÇÃO AO ESTUDO DO COMPORTAMENTO MECÂNICO DE ARGAMASSAS CIMENTÍCEAS DE REVESTIMENTO APÓS A AÇÃO DO CHOQUE TÉRMICO
Authors: Temoche-Esquivel Juan Francisco , Barros Mércia M. Semensato Boltura de 
Published: May 2019

O trabalho objetivou analisar o efeito de sucessivos choques térmicos causados por variação da temperatura ambiental em revestimentos de argamassas. Pela inexistência modelos numéricos para avaliar o efeito do choque térmico em materiais compósitos cimentícios multicamadas, optou-se pela simulação experimental, moldando corpos de prova de rvestimento de argamassa aplicado sobre base de concreto. As variáveis analisadas foram dois valores diferentes de módulo de elasticidade e a exposição ou não ao choque térmico. Apartir de prismas extraídos dos corpos de prova (painéis de revestimento de argamassa) verificou-se uma diminuição dos valores de resistência à tração na flexão após o choque térmico, mais evidente para as argamassas de maior módulo.
Respons Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays L.) Hibrida Akibat Jarak Tanam Berbeda Pada Sistem Tatam Legowo (2:1) Dan Jenis Pupuk Organik Di Inceptisols Jatinangor.
Authors: Wahyudin Agus , Yuwariah Y. , W Fiky Yulianto , A A. F. Kevin 
Published: May 2019

The objective of this research was to find the best combination of plant spacing and organic fertilizer on the growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) Pertiwi-3 in Jatinangor. The experiment was carried outin Ciparanje experimental field on November 2016 to March 2017. The experiment used was Randomized Block Design (RBD) which consisted of six treatments and four replications, which were the plant spacing 20cmx20xmx75cm + 5t/ha compost, 25cmx25cmx75cm + 5t/ha compost, 30cmx30cmx75cm + 5t/ha compost, 20cmx20cmx75cm + 5t/ha cow manure, 25cmx25cmx75cm + 5t/ha cow manure and 30cmx30cmx75cm + 5t/ha cow manure. The result of the experiment showed that the best result of 100 dry seeds weight was in the treatment of plant spacing 20cmx20cmx75cm + 5t/ha cow manure with a weight of 45,19g. The highest score of Leaf Area Index (LAI) was in the treatment of plant spacing 20cmx20cmx75cm + 5t/ha cow manure score of 2,92 was not significantly different from the treatment of plant spacing 20cmx20cmx75cm + 5t/ha compost with score of 2,82.
Integración y crisis económica: la securitización de América del norte
Authors: Arellanes Jiménez Paulino Ernesto 
Published: May 2019

Si bien la crisis del capitalismo mundial puede apreciarse desde diferentes ópticas teóricas y desde diferentes causalidades y teleologías, lo cierto es que para efectos de la presentación el concepto de crisis lo abordaremos a partir del concepto de contradicción del capitalismo global y como una crisis de desregulación fi nanciera. En las integraciones, en tanto forma de acumulación capitalista a nivel regional, y en la medida que se inició con la crisis fi nanciera en el aún centro del capitalismo mundial y líder en la integración de Norteamérica, Estados Unidos, no importó qué tan abierta o cerrada estuviera una integración regional en los diferentes modelos existentes en el mundo, ya que la crisis pegó con diferenciadas consecuencias; para el caso de la integración de América del Norte, si bien ella inició como una estrategia estadunidense en la década de los no venta frente a la integración fi nanciera (monetaria) y política de la Unión Europea y, solamente como Tratado de Libre Comercio, donde se han privilegiado el intercambio de comercio y de capitales, hoy con la crisis política internacional cuyas manifestaciones son las confrontaciones de Estados Unidos con el Medio Oriente y Euroasia (Afgagnistán, Irán, Irak) y su lucha contra los nuevos actores: el terrorismo internacional y el crimen organizado (lavadólares, especuladores, narcotráfi co internacional) y ahora, con la crisis fi nanciera internacional ha conducido la integración de América del Norte a una securitización en favor de los intereses estadunidenses como estrategia para conservar el poder económico y político post-integraciones y post-globalismo del capitalismo. En esta presentación abordaremos algunas refl exiones en torno a la crisis,sus causas y algunas características, como crisis de desregulación; para luegohablar de la crisis en su relación con la integración a partir del manejo de librecomercio. Como tema derivado se analiza la crisis en la integración de Américadel Norte (Estados Unidos y su relación con México), en donde la seguridad deesta región ya no solamente es económica sino se convierte en un asunto deseguridad regional. Finalmente se termina con algunas refl exiones a manerade conclusión.
CRISIS DE LA DEMOCRACIA REPRESENTATIVA
Authors: Paoli Bolio Francisco José 
Published: May 2019

En el presente artículo se analiza el sistema de representación desde su origen y desenvolvimiento hasta los tiempos que vivimos en la primera década del siglo xxi. El análisis incluye la perspectiva sociológica y la jurídica. Se plantea el papel que han jugado los partidos políticos y la forma en que han contribuido a la formación y operación de los órganos de representación, para llegar hasta el momento actual en el que compiten otras organizaciones sociales con los partidos políticos, produciendo en ellos un desgaste y un grado de deslegitimación. Se estudia el concepto de espacio público y las candidaturas independientes que pueden surgir con apoyo en las organizaciones de la sociedad civil (osc’s) y con la red de Internet.
Consideraciones acerca de la importancia del empleo del lenguaje no verbal para el exitoso desempeño profesional del jurista
Authors: Aguila Carralero Alisvech 
Published: May 2019

El dominio de lenguaje extra-verbal constituye un recurso importante en la competencia comunicativa y en el éxito del desempeño de cualquier profesionista, en particular del abogado o profesionista del derecho cuya misión es argumentar y convencer. El presente comentario aborda diversos aspectos de la comunicación no verbal.
ANALISIS PENGARUH EL NINO TERHADAP HUJAN DI NTT
Authors: Kain Maria Marselina , Wahid Abdul , Geru Apolonaris S. 
Published: May 2019

Abstrak
Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang pengaruh El Nino Terhadap Hujan di NTT yang terdiri dari 23 Zona Musim dan dianalisis berdasarkan data Curah Hujan tujuh tahun terakhir kejadian El Nino terhadap data Normal selama 30 tahun. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh El Nino terhadap Awal Musim Hujan, Periode Musim Hujan, Panjang Musim Hujan, Curah Hujan Musim Hujan dan Sifat Hujan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode komparatif atau perbandingan dan Analisis Curah Hujan tahun El Nino pada tujuh kali kejadian terhadap Normal Hujan selama 30 tahun. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah pada tahun terjadi El Nino, sebagian besar ZOM di NTT dengan Awal Musim Hujan lebih mundur dari Normal, Periode Musim Hujan lebih pendek dari Normal serta Curah Hujan berkurang dari Normal dan Sifat Hujan menjadi di Bawah Normal. Pengaruh kejadian El Nino terhadap Awal Musim Hujan yang lebih mundur dari Normalnya, Periode Musim Hujan yang lebih pendek dari Normalnya dan Sifat Hujan yang di Bawah Normal dari 23 Zona di NTT pada tahun-tahun kejadian El Nino bervariasi dan ZOM yang dipengaruhi kejadian El Nino tidak tetap.
Kata kunci : El Nino, Awal Musim Hujan, Periode Musim Hujan, Sifat Hujan.
Abstract
[Analysis Of The Influence Of El Nino On Rain In NTT] Studies have been conducted about the influence of El Nino on Rain the province which consists of 23 Zones the Season and analyzed based on Rain data for the last seven years the incidence of El Nino against Normal data for 30 years. The purpose of this studyis to determine the effect of El Nino to the Beginning of the Rainy Season, Long Rainy Season, Precipitation of the Rainy Season and the Nature of the Rain. The method used in this research is the comparative method or comparison and Analysis of precipitation is the year of El Nino on the seven times genesis against the Normal Rain for 30 years. The results obtained from this research is that in the event of El Nino, most of the ZOM in NTT with the Beginning of the Rainy Season is more bacward than Normal, the Period of the Rainy Season is horter than Normal and precipitation is reduced from the Normal and the Nature of Rain to be Below Normal.this is because in the event of El Nino, monsoons coming from the Southest bring the water vapor that a lot of most of the turn toward the coast of Peru. The influence of El Nino to the Beginning of the Rainy Season which is backwards from Normal, the Period of the Rainy Season is shorter than Normal and the Nature of the Rainfall Below Normal from the 23 Zones in the province in the years of El Nino are varied and ZOM that influence the incidence of El Nino is not fixed.
Keywords: El Nino, the Beginning of the Rainy Season, the Period of the Rainy Season, the Nature of the Rain
The Origins of Strongly Peraluminous Granitoid Rocks
Authors: Clarke D. Barrie 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Strongly peraluminous granites (SPAGs), with 1.20 < A/CNK < 1.30, are relatively rare rocks. They contain significant modal abundances of AFM minerals such as Bt-Ms-Crd-Grt-And-Toz-Tur-Spl-Crn of potentially magmatic, peritectic, restitic, and xenocrystic origin. Determining the origin of a SPAG depends to a large extent on establishing the correct origin of these AFM minerals. Strongly peraluminous granitic rocks can form in eight distinctly different ways: (1) as the melt fraction resulting from dehydration partial melting of peraluminous metasedimentary rocks; (2) as the bulk composition of diatexitic migmatite resulting from extensive partial melting of peraluminous metasedimentary rock; (3) as a diatexite modified by incomplete restite unmixing; (4) by bulk contamination of a less strongly peraluminous granite magma with highly peraluminous metasedimentary rocks; (5) by selective acquisition or concentration of AFM minerals by a less strongly peraluminous granite magma; (6) by fractional crystallization of quartz and feldspar from a less strongly peraluminous granite magma; (7) by removal of alkalies (Ca, Na, K) by release of a suprasolidus aqueous fluid from a less strongly peraluminous granite magma; and (8) by subsolidus hydrothermal alteration of a less strongly peraluminous granite rock. Contamination by pelitic material is the most effective process for creating SPAG plutons. A detailed case study of the South Mountain Batholith shows that its early SPAGs contain high modal abundances of Bt-Crd-Grt, largely of external origin, whereas its later SPAGs contain high modal abundances of Ms-And-Toz, largely the products of fluido-magmatic processes.