bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transient carrier recombination dynamics in potential‐induced degradation p‐type single‐crystalline Si photovoltaic modules
Authors: Aminul Islam Mohammad , Matsuzaki Hiroyuki , Okabayashi Yuusuke , Ishikawa Yasuaki 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the recombination dynamics of minority carriers through the decay profile analysis of transient diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (TDRS) for fresh and potential‐induced degradation (PID) modules. The PID‐affected region in terms of the degradation degree on the modules was firstly localized using conventional methods such as electroluminescence (EL) and lock‐in thermal images. The photogenerated carrier density and carrier lifetime were different in photovoltaic (PV) modules in fresh and PID modes. It was found that the dominant recombination involved the carrier transition via shallow trap states. The distribution of the trap states, however, was extended from the surface to the bulk of the solar cell due to Na ions–decorated defects. The behaviors of the carrier dynamics near the surface and bulk were very different, as inferred from the two different pump wavelengths of 532 and 1064 nm, respectively.
Illness perceptions and perceived stress in patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer
Authors: Miceli Jessica , Geller David , Tsung Allan , Hecht Carol Lynn , Wang Yisi , Pathak Ritambhara , Cheng Hannah , Marsh Wallis , Antoni Michael , Penedo Frank , Burke Lora , Ell Kathleen , Shen Shutian , Steel Jennifer 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveAccording to the Common‐Sense Model of Self‐Regulation, when faced with a health threat, we make cognitive and emotional assumptions about the illness. The aims of this study were to (a) examine the role of sociodemographic and disease‐specific factors on illness perception and perceived stress and (b) test the association between perceived stress and illness perception in participants diagnosed with gastrointestinal cancer.MethodsParticipants completed a battery of questionnaires including a Sociodemographic and Disease‐Specific Questionnaire, the Illness Perception Questionnaire, Brief Version (Brief‐IPQ), and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS‐14). Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and linear regression were performed to test the hypotheses.ResultsOf the 627 participants, the mean age was 62 years (SD = 11); the majority were male (63.3%) and Caucasian (90.9%). Younger (F3,625 = 5.80, P < .01) and divorced or never married participants reported higher levels of perceived stress when compared with older and married participants (F4,618 = 3.52, P < .01). Younger participants (18‐74 years old) reported more negative illness perceptions than older participants (75 years and older) (F3,511 = 4.08, P < .01). A weak, positive relationship between perceived stress and illness perceptions was observed (r = 0.22, P < .01), and illness perceptions predicted 36.1% of the variance of perceived stress.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that participants who negatively perceived their illness experienced greater levels of perceived stress. Interventions that aim to adjust patients' illness perceptions in order to facilitate a reduction of stress and improvement in quality of life are needed.
Effect of late preterm birth on lung clearance index and respiratory physiology in school‐age children
Authors: Yaacoby‐Bianu Karin , Plonsky Moran T. , Gur Michal , Bar‐Yoseph Ronen , Kugelman Amir , Bentur Lea 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe hypothesized that former late preterm (LP) children have abnormal pulmonary physiology parameters, including uneven ventilation distribution, due to premature disruption of normal lung development.MethodsA cross‐sectional study evaluating former LP children at the age of 6 to 12 years as compared to term controls. Demographics and child's and family history of asthma/atopy/smoking were recorded. The outcome parameters were spirometry, multiple breath washout (MBW) measurement by lung clearance index (LCI), 6‐minute walk test (6MWT), symptoms related to asthma and allergy, and Godin Leisure‐Time Exercise Questionnaire.ResultsTwenty‐nine former LP were compared to 30 term‐control children (mean age, 8.2 ± 1.7 and 8.8 ± 1.8 years, respectively). LP had reduced forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) compared to term controls (FEV1 1.59 ± 0.48 vs 1.80 ± 0.39 L, P = 0.005 and FVC 1.73 ± 0.45 vs 1.99 ± 0.49 L, P = 0.009). There were no differences between the two groups regarding FEV1/FVC, forced expiratory flow between 25 and 75 (FEF25‐75), LCI (7.10 ± 0.79 vs 6.96 ± 0.75, P = 0.50), 6MW distance, and weekly leisure‐activity score. Former LP children had more episodes of wheezing and greater use of asthma medication.ConclusionsThis pilot study suggests that LP have lower pulmonary function tests (PFTs) but not ventilation inhomogeneity measured by LCI or functional disturbance. It is unclear if the differences in PFTs are due to late prematurity by itself or are the consequence of maternal and neonatal factors associated with LP. Further larger studies are required to assess the long‐term respiratory consequences of LP birth.
Mechanics of nasal mask‐delivered HFOV in neonates: A physiologic study
Authors: Centorrino Roberta , Dell’Orto Valentina , Gitto Eloisa , Conti Giorgio , De Luca Daniele 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo clarify if nasal mask influences noninvasive high‐frequency oscillatory ventilation (NHFOV) mechanics to optimize the clinical use of nasal mask‐delivered NHFOV.Working HypothesisNasal mask may affect the mechanical efficacy of NHFOV.MethodologyWe designed a physiologic study composed of an in vitro phase aiming to investigate pressure transmission and volume delivery in a bench model of nasal mask‐delivered NHFOV. In a second phase, we measured the leaks in vivo in a series of neonates receiving nasal mask‐delivered NHFOV or other forms of noninvasive respiratory support with same nasal masks.ResultsIn vitro pressure transmission is lower with nasal mask (pressure at the lung [Plung]: 2 [0.8]), than with the endotracheal tube (Plung 9.5 [1.5] cmH2O; P = 0.007). Same applies for volume delivery (Vol: 0.6 [0.2] vs 1.8 [0.5] mL; P = 0.0001). Increasing ventilatory boundaries slowly affects pressure and volume delivery. Ventilating the model with maximal parameters (∆P = 55 cmH2O; frequency = 8 Hz) we obtained a Vol 1.5 (0.2) mL. The nasal mask provides lower volume delivery and ventilation, compared with nasal prongs studied in previously published studies. Changing frequency allows a better performance than changing ∆P. In vivo leaks are approximately 30% and are similar during NHFOV or other forms of nasal mask‐delivered noninvasive ventilation.ConclusionsNasal mask‐delivered NHFOV is feasible, but it may require more aggressive ventilatory parameters to increase volume delivery and ventilation. The use of the nasal mask is associated with some leaks, but this is independent from the type of noninvasive respiratory support applied.
Axion from Quivers in Type II Superstrings
Authors: Belhaj A. , Douhou K. , Ennadifi S. E. , del Moral M. P. Garcia 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe investigate a string‐inspired axion extension of the standard model obtained from Type II superstrings using quiver method. In the first part, we discuss intersecting Type IIA D6‐branes wrapping non trivial 3‐cycles in the presence of the Peccei‐Quinn symmetry U(1). Concretely, a complex scalar field , where σ is a stringy axion generates a general fermion Yukawa coupling weighted by a flavor‐dependent power taking specific values. Using string theory and standard model data with adequate scales, we show that the corresponding axion window could lie in the allowed range matching with the recent cosmological results.
Wilson Surfaces for Surface Knots: A Field Theoretic Route to Higher Knots
Authors: Zucchini Roberto 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHolonomy invariants in strict higher gauge theory have been studied in depth aiming to applications to higher Chern–Simons theory. For a flat 2–connection, the holonomy of surface knots of arbitrary genus has been defined and its covariance properties under 1–gauge transformation and change of base data have been determined. Using quandle theory, a definition of trace over a crossed module such to yield surface knot invariants upon application to 2–holonomies has been given.
TMPRSS2‐ERG fusions linked to prostate cancer racial health disparities: A focus on Africa
Authors: Blackburn James , Vecchiarelli Stefano , Heyer Erin E. , Patrick Sean M. , Lyons Ruth J. , Jaratlerdsiri Weerachai , van Zyl Smit , Bornman M. S. Riana , Mercer Tim R. , Hayes Vanessa M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe androgen‐regulated gene TMPRSS2 to the ETS transcription factor gene ERG fusion is the most common genomic alteration acquired during prostate tumorigenesis and biased toward men of European ancestry. In contrast, African American men present with more advanced disease, yet their tumors are less likely to acquire TMPRSS2‐ERG. Data for Africa is scarce.MethodsRNA was made available for genomic analyses from 181 prostate tissue biopsy cores from Black South African men, 94 with and 87 without pathological evidence for prostate cancer. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to screen for the TMPRSS2‐ERG fusion, while transcript junction coordinates and isoform frequencies, including novel gene fusions, were determined using targeted RNA sequencing.ResultsHere we report a frequency of 13% for TMPRSS2‐ERG in tumors from Black South Africans. Present in 12/94 positive versus 1/87 cancer negative prostate tissue cores, this suggests a 92.62% predictivity for a positive cancer diagnosis (P = 0.0031). At a frequency of almost half that reported for African Americans and roughly a quarter of that reported for men of European ancestry, acquisition of TMPRSS2‐ERG appears to be inversely associated with aggressive prostate cancer. Further support was provided by linking the presence of TMPRSS2‐ERG to low‐grade disease in younger patients (P = 0.0466), with higher expressing distal ERG fusion junction coordinates.ConclusionsOnly the second study of its kind for the African continent, we support a link between TMPRSS2‐ERG status and prostate cancer racial health disparity beyond the borders of the United States. We call for urgent evaluation of androgen deprivation therapy within Africa.
Advances in the Profiling of Single‐Cell DNA Modifications
Authors: Bai Dongsheng , Yi Chengqi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractEpigenetic modifications on DNA include canonical 5‐methylcytosine (5mC) and its iteratively oxidized derivatives mediated by TET dioxygenase: 5‐hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5‐formylcytosine (5fC), and 5‐carboxycytosine (5caC). All of them have been recognized to play important roles in gene expression regulation and to be indispensable for normal mammalian reproduction and development. In order to understand the mechanisms underlying these roles, over the past few decades, technical advances have been made to comprehensively profile the distribution pattern of bulk epigenetic modifications in genomic DNA. Recently, single‐cell methods have identified the epigenetic patterns even within an individual cell. This review focuses on single‐cell DNA epigenetic modifications sequencing technologies and their applications, and gives prospects on the development of single‐cell methods based on bisulfite‐free strategy.
In Situ Investigation of Layered Oxides with Mixed Structures for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Keller Marlou , Eisenmann Tobias , Meira Debora , Aquilanti Giuliana , Buchholz Daniel , Bresser Dominic , Passerini Stefano 
Published: May 2019

AbstractExperimentalists and theoreticians commonly prefer single‐phase materials for their studies, since this allows for a direct correlation of the findings obtained and the compound studied. For the design of high‐performance materials for energy applications, however, mixtures of different phases frequently reveal an advanced set of desired properties. Recently, it has been shown that a combination of different phases, that is, P2/P3/O3‐ NaxMn0.5Ni0.3Fe0.1Mg0.1O2, allows for higher capacities and enhanced cycling stability when employed as sodium‐on cathode compared to pure P2‐NaxMn0.7Ni0.1Fe0.1Mg0.1O2 or O3‐type NaxMn0.5Ni0.3Fe0.1Mg0.1O2. Herein, the in‐depth comparative investigation of these three materials is presented via in situ X‐ray diffraction and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy coupled with electrochemical techniques to fully elucidate the origin of this superior performance. In fact, it appears that the redox activity or inactivity of the manganese cation plays a decisive role for the reversibility of the sodium‐ion uptake and release.
Zur Kritik der Heteronormativität – Queere Perspektiven in der Psychotherapie
Authors: Hutfless Esther 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungPsychiatrische Diskurse über Perversionen und „sexuelle Abirrungen“ sowie die Entwicklung und Wirkmacht von Diagnose-Manualen, die Homo- und Transsexualität als psychische Störungen charakterisierten und dies im Fall von Trans* aber z. B. auch Transvestitismus noch immer tun, ebenso die heteronormativen Vorstellungen unserer Kultur, sind mit psychotherapeutischen Diskursen eng verschränkt.In der therapeutischen Praxis bedeutet dies unter anderem noch immer, dass Menschen, die psychotherapeutische Hilfe suchen und nicht der „Norm“ entsprechen, mit Vorurteilen, stereotypen Geschlechter‑, Beziehungs- und Sexualitätsvorstellungen konfrontiert sind oder sowohl ihre Lebensentwürfe als auch ihr Begehren als Ausdruck psychischer Unreife beurteilt werden.Darüber hinaus reproduzieren psychotherapeutische Diskurse nicht nur diskriminierende Strukturen, sondern sind mit Michel Foucault vielmehr selbst Teil jenes Macht-Wissenskomplexes, der Subjekte auf spezifische Weise hervorbringt und damit zugleich reguliert.Anti-Diskriminierungspolitiken, die Forderungen nach Gleichstellung ausgehend von einer unterdrückten sozialen Gruppe formulieren, haben zwar gesellschaftspolitisch viel erreicht, doch werden sie von diskurstheoretischen Ansätzen dafür kritisiert, dass sie die Identitätskategorien „unterdrückter“ oder „ausgeschlossener“ Subjekte und damit die Entgegensetzung und Hierarchisierung zwischen Norm und Abweichung weiter fortschreiben und Identitäten essentialisieren oder aber „ausgeschlossene“ Subjekte in die heteronormative Ordnung assimilieren, um für sie ebenfalls „Normalität“ zu proklamieren, was zu einer erneuten Unterwerfung führt.Im vorliegenden Artikel möchte ich daher über gleichstellungspolitische Ansätze hinausgehen, da diese Ansätze Identitätskategorien re-produzieren und fortschreiben. Stattdessen werde ich – ausgehend von queeren Konzepten – dafür plädierenden, den Bereich der Norm selbst in Frage zu stellen und zu dekonstruieren. Darüberhinaus werde ich zeigen, inwiefern insbesondere queere Ansätze als produktive und kritische Interventionen in psychotherapeutischen Diskursen und Praxen wirken können.
Tree and stand level estimations of Abies alba Mill. aboveground biomass
Authors: Jagodziński Andrzej M. , Dyderski Marcin K. , Gęsikiewicz Kamil , Horodecki Paweł 
Published: May 2019

AbstractKey messageWe provided a complete set of tree- and stand-level models for biomass and carbon content of silver firAbies alba. This allows for better characterization of forest carbon pools in Central Europe than previously published models. The best predictor of biomass at the stand level is stand volume, and the worst are stand basal area and density.ContextAmong European forest-forming tree species with high economic and ecological significance,Abies albaMill. is the least characterized in terms of biomass production.AimsTo provide a comprehensive set of tree- and stand-level models forA. albabiomass and carbon stock. We hypothesized that (among tree stand characteristics) volume will be the best predictor of tree stand biomass.MethodsWe studied a chronosequence of 12A. albatree stands in southern Poland (8–115 years old). We measured tree stand structures, and we destructively sampled aboveground biomass of 96 sample trees (0.0–63.9 cm diameter at breast height). We provided tree-level models, biomass conversion and expansion factors (BCEFs) and biomass models based on forest stand characteristics.ResultsWe developed general and site-specific tree-level biomass models. For stand-level models, we found that the best predictor of biomass was stand volume, while the worst were stand basal area and density.ConclusionOur models performed better than other published models, allowing for more reliable biomass predictions. Models based on volume are useful in biomass predictions and may be used in large-scale inventories.
Current Strategies in the Management of Peyronie’s Disease (PD)—Results of a Survey of 401 Sexual Medicine Experts Across Europe
Authors: Porst Hartmut , Burri Andrea ,   the European Society for Sexual Medicine (ESSM) Educational Committee
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Peyronie’s disease (PD) is a progressive and devastating penile disorder that often results in severe penile curvature with penile shrinking, making vaginal insertion difficult or even impossible. Until now, in contrast to other penile disorders such as erectile dysfunction, PD is characterized by a paucity of conservative treatment options.

Aim
To investigate the current status quo in the management of PD across European experts in sexual medicine.

Methods
Members of the European Society of Sexual Medicine and of various andrology and urology societies across Europe, with the majority (78%) being urologists, were contacted via e-mail and newsletters and asked to fill in an online questionnaire. The survey comprised 56 items developed by an expert consensus of the educational committee of the European Society of Sexual Medicine. In the end, 401 participants responded to the entire survey, with 277 reporting treating PD patients themselves and knowing this penile entity very well.

Main Outcome Measures
Main outcome measures include description of current strategies regarding diagnosis and treatment of PD as reported by specialists in this field.

Results
Of the physicians treating PD patients, 94% performed penile palpation, and 74% perform ultrasonography. 45% assessed the degree of penile curvature by means of intravenous drug testing, but only 17% measured it accurately with a goniometer. Penile length, flaccid or in erect state, was measured by only 39% or 25%, respectively. Only 45% assessed testosterone. Primary treatment options were oral (65%), counseling (57%), and topical/local therapy (30%). Among oral drug users, tadalafil 5 mg was the most commonly used (57%), followed by vitamin E (40%). Regarding intralesional therapy, collagenase clostridium histolyticum was the leading drug (34%), followed by calcium channel blockers (17%). Considering surgical procedures, the original Nesbit technique was the preferred procedure (33%). 36% of the specialists expressed their dissatisfaction with the currently available treatment options, and 64% reported the impression that their patients were mostly dissatisfied with the treatment outcomes.

Clinical Implications
Innovative and presumably multi-modal treatment protocols for PD are urgently needed.

Strengths & Limitations
The survey represents 1 of the largest studies on the management of PD. The results are representative for the standard management of PD mostly among European Urologists with specialization in sexual medicine and may therefore not be generalizable to regions outside Europe or to other physicians treating PD.

Conclusion
Around one-third of experts and, from their perspective, around two-thirds of patients are dissatisfied with the currently available PD treatment options.
IL NEO-ISTITUZIONALISMO IN SCIENZA POLITICA: IL CONTRIBUTO DELLA TEORIA DELLA SCELTA RAZIONALE
Authors: Giannetti Daniela 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneInsieme alla ripresa di interesse per il tema dello stato, lo studio delle istituzioni è tornato al centro dell'analisi politologica. È opinione condivisa che il rinnovato interesse per le istituzioni rappresenti una reazione alla rivoluzione comportamentista, la quale a sua volta - con l'enfasi sul comportamento osservabile e sui processi informali di potere e influenza - reagiva all'impostazione legalistica e formalistica degli esordi della disciplina. Ciò che, non senza qualche eccesso polemico, è stato definito uno «slittamento paradigmatico» ha coinvolto una varietà di approcci, accomunati dal riconoscimento dei limiti dellabehavioral persuasion, e in particolare dei due orientamenti teorici ad essa associati in scienza politica: il pluralismo, con l'accento posto sulla politica come processo e la conseguente messa in ombra degli elementi strutturali, e il funzionalismo, un approccio tendenzialmente più inclusivo ma che in scienza politica si è identificato sostanzialmente con la versione almondiana. Rispetto ai più ambiziosi tentativi teorici del funzionalismo sociologico, essa ha fornito soprattutto uno schema categoriale per l'analisi comparata dei sistemi politici, in cui è attribuito rilievo centrale alle funzioni diinputo ai processi che vanno dalla società alla politica.
Appendix I: Report on the Cremations from Sarn-Y-Bryn-Caled, Welshpool, Powys
Authors: Stead S. 
Published: May 2019

The adults appear to be healthy and relatively young. None has vertebral degeneration nor any trace of osteoarthritis. There is no dental pathology. As for age deduced from dental attrition, only the primary cremation from the timber circle (site 1) and cremation 3 from site 2 have useful molar crown fragments (either first or second). Both show some flattening of die occlusal surface but with wear limited to level 3. This would give an age of 17-25 if first molars and 25-35 if second - in any case an upper limit of 35. The secondary cremation in the timber circle (site 1) and cremation 1 in the floor of the southern ditch terminal of site 2 arc young adults between 17 and 25.The sexing of cremations in general has to be prefaced with a ‘probable’ because of the absence of the relevant pelvic remains, Le. the complete girdle with sub-pubic angle, etc.
Appendix IV: Thermoluminescence Dating of Daub from Site 1: The Timber Circle
Authors: Detenham N 
Published: May 2019

A sample of burnt clay (SBC 1), recovered from context 80, c. 0.5 m deep in the central pit of the umber ciicle, was examined by thermoluminescence (TL). The clay was expected to be either Bronze Age or Iron Age in date, being associated either with the timber circle or with the Iron Age metal working in the top of the central pit.The TL dating method measures the time that has elapsed since the heating of the material (which zeroes the TL signal). The measurement consists of firstly a determination of the radiation dose received by the sample since its heating (through the examination of its TL) and secondly an assessment of the rate at which the radiation dose was received (carried out by radioactivity measurements). Further descriptions of the method are given by Aitken (1985) and Zimmerman (1971).The outer 2 mm or more of the sample were cut away to remove those pans that had been exposed to light and to the alpha and beta activity of the surrounding sediment The interior piece was crushed, and fine grains of 2-10 mu were separated by suspension in dilute hydrochloric acid. The grains were then washed in water, methanol and acetone before deposition onto aluminium discs.