bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced biosynthesis of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) in engineered strains of Pseudomonas putidavia increased malonyl‐CoA availability
Authors: Favoino Giusi , Krink Nicolas , Schwanemann Tobias , Wierckx Nick , Nikel Pablo I. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMalonyl‐coenzyme A (CoA) is a key precursor for the biosynthesis of multiple value‐added compounds by microbial cell factories, including polyketides, carboxylic acids, biofuels, and polyhydroxyalkanoates. Owing to its role as a metabolic hub, malonyl‐CoA availability is limited by competition in several essential metabolic pathways. To address this limitation, we modified a genome‐reduced Pseudomonas putida strain to increase acetyl‐CoA carboxylation while limiting malonyl‐CoA utilization. Genes involved in sugar catabolism and its regulation, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and fatty acid biosynthesis were knocked‐out in specific combinations towards increasing the malonyl‐CoA pool. An enzyme‐coupled biosensor, based on the rppA gene, was employed to monitor malonyl‐CoA levels in vivo. RppA is a type III polyketide synthase that converts malonyl‐CoA into flaviolin, a red‐colored polyketide. We isolated strains displaying enhanced malonyl‐CoA availability via a colorimetric screening method based on the RppA‐dependent red pigmentation; direct flaviolin quantification identified four engineered strains had a significant increase in malonyl‐CoA levels. We further modified these strains by adding a non‐canonical pathway that uses malonyl‐CoA as precursor for poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) biosynthesis. These manipulations led to increased polymer accumulation in the fully engineered strains, validating our general strategy to boost the output of malonyl‐CoA–dependent pathways in P. putida.
Set pair analysis and system dynamics coupling approach for structure simulation and variation trend evaluation of water resources spatial equilibrium system
Authors: Wu Chengguo , Nie Boyu , Wang Xiaoyu , Jin Juliang , Zhou Yuliang , Bai Xia , Cui Yi , Zhou Liangguang , Zhang Libing 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe implement of water resources spatial equilibrium (WRSE) schemes is fundamental task of integrated water resources management in China, in which, the evaluation and simulation analysis of WRSE system is of great concern for understanding the overall variation and feedback characteristics of WRSE system. Therefore, we utilized the ordered degree, entropy and connection number coupling model to evaluate the variation of WRSE system, and also employed system dynamics (SD) and scenario simulation integrated method to reveal the feedback characteristics between different equilibrium variables and subsystems, and thus the set pair analysis‐SD based approach for structure simulation and variation trend evaluation of WRSE system was constructed. The application results in Anhui province, China demonstrated that, the overall variation of provincial spatial equilibrium situation of WRSE system presented obvious improving trend, 2009–2019, the index of ordered degree and connection number entropy in Hefei, increased from the minimum of 0.6434 (Grade 3, unequilibrium) to maximum of 0.9985 (Grade 1, equilibrium). Moreover, the future variation of WRSE system will display stable improving trend during 2020 to 2029, in which, annual water resources availability and water resources utilization efficiency will have significant influence on WRSE system. And the research findings can be favorable to formulate water resources development and utilization strategies.
From strategic autonomy to strategic partnership: EU–India relations in health diplomacy
Authors: Pattanshetty Sanjay , Inamdar Aniruddha , Poojary Priya Vijaykumar , Kickbusch Ilona , Brand Helmut 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe study examines the potential of the European Union (EU)–India cooperation in health diplomacy and the exchange of lessons learned by both actors. Particularly, the growing discourse on achieving strategic autonomy in health has not been adequately analysed in the existing literature, which is surprising given that both actors share this interest. This paper begins by contextualising the discourse of strategic autonomy in the European and Indian political discourse with a specific focus on achieving autonomy in health and subsequently argues for a transition from strategic autonomy to a strategic partnership by recognising the strategic interdependencies. A qualitative content analysis was used to analyse all 16 EU–India summits to locate health diplomacy in their relations and present recommendations for future cooperation. The shift from strategic autonomy to strategic partnership also necessitates a strategic vision towards shaping the EU–India cooperation. With the upcoming EU–India Summit in 2025, research and development, strengthening supply chains, harmonisation of regulations, and financing of healthcare are key areas that can be deliberated on to enhance the cooperation between the two global actors in healthcare.
A nationwide Swedish retrospective study on poisoning deaths between the years 2000 and 2022
Authors: Lindqvist Elin , Hollenberg Jacob , Ringh Mattias , Nordberg Per , Druid Henrik , Svensson Leif , Forsberg Sune 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundApproximately 1% of Sweden's 90 000 annual deaths were reported caused by poisoning. In this study, we aim to describe this poisoning population's characteristics, autopsy frequency and results of toxicology testing.MethodA national cohort study based on Swedish national registers. All deceased subjects older than 18 years with poisoning as the cause of death registered between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2021 were included. Causes of death according to primary ICD‐10 code were analysed along with the substances found in forensic chemistry testing.ResultsThere were 27 057 poisonous deaths during the study periods 2 018 495 adult deaths. Subjects deceased due to poisoning had a median age of 53 years, and 18 838 (70%) were men. A private home was the most reported location of death (52%). In total, 23 260 (87%) did undergo some sort post‐mortem examination. Drugs (synthetic narcotics, opioids, heroin) caused 12 448 (46%) deaths, and alcohols explained 9056 cases (33%). Positive toxicological tests were found in 22 550 (83%) of the subjects. The most common separate substances were ethanol, zopiclone and nordazepam.ConclusionPoisoning caused 1.3% of Swedish deaths. Men in their 50s were the most common victims, and their deaths were often cause by synthetic narcotics, other opioids or alcohol. The autopsy frequency was lower than expected for poisonous deaths.
Sourcing of the Oligocene to Pliocene sediments of the Ningnan Basin: Evidence for Tibetan Plateau growth and local faulting unravelled by detrital apatite fission‐track and U–Pb double dating
Authors: Jiao Xiaoqin , Zattin Massimiliano , Olivetti Valerio , Wang Jianqiang , Peng Heng , Cattò Silvia , Chew David 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe Cenozoic topographic growth of the Tibetan Plateau is a pulsed, polyphase process that still requires more constraints. The Cenozoic sedimentary record of the Ningnan Basin, a continental basin located adjacent to the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, is a key archive for recording the surface evolution of the Tibetan Plateau. This work reports new provenance data (apatite fission‐track, apatite U–Pb dating, and trace element analysis on the same individual grains) from the Oligocene–Pliocene sedimentary sequence that filled the Ningnan Basin. The data set shows variations in provenance patterns through the Miocene which are related to the tectonic evolution of the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. In contrast to a primary provenance from the Western Ordos Block (WOB) during the Oligocene, the Miocene sediments were mostly derived from the recycling of Mesozoic successions that occur along the northwestern Haiyuan Fault, documenting it was active in the last ca. 15 Myr. These sediments, in turn, were derived from different orogenic blocks but mainly from different segments of the Qilian Mountains. We show that the Late Miocene–Pliocene sediments were primarily derived from transpressional uplift along the Haiyuan Fault, which affected regions such as the Liupan Mountains. Progressive northeastward migration of tectonic stress since the Middle Miocene has induced extensive regional deformation in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, particularly along the Haiyuan Fault. The provenance record of the neighbouring Cenozoic basins is a key archive for deciphering this tectonic evolution.
Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasound for Diagnosing Thyroid Nodules With Indeterminate Cytology: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Liu Yingchun , Liu Hui , Zhan Jia , Chai Qiliang , Zhu Jun , Ding Shengnan , Chen Lin 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundA small number of thyroid nodules cannot be clearly diagnosed using ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration biopsy. Contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) has high diagnostic performance for thyroid nodules. We explored the value of CEUS for diagnosing thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology.MethodsBetween September 2019 and July 2022, 27,646 patients with thyroid nodule(s) underwent conventional ultrasound (CUS) in our hospital. From these patients, 597 nodules were subjected to CEUS and ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration biopsy and 116 thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology diagnose were enrolled in this study. The independent risk factors for predicting malignancy were determined using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn for CUS, CEUS, and CEUS combined with CUS. The area under the curve (AUC) was calculated and compared.ResultsOf the 116 thyroid nodules, 40 (34.5%) were benign and 76 (65.5%) were malignant. Univariate analysis showed that the shape, echogenicity, margin, microcalcification, enhancement intensity, enhancement homogeneity, wash in, and wash out were significantly different between benign and malignant thyroid nodules (all p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that taller‐than‐wide, irregular margin, microcalcification, hypo‐enhancement, heterogeneity enhancement, synchronous/slower wash in, and synchronous/slower wash out were independent risk factors for malignancy (all p < 0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC of CUS and CEUS were 0.769 and 0.848, respectively. No significant difference was observed in the AUC between the two modalities (p > 0.05). However, the AUC (0.934) of the CUS combined with CEUS was significantly higher than that of CEUS or CUS alone (both p < 0.05).ConclusionsCEUS is helpful in diagnosing thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology. CUS combined with CEUS is highly valuable for predicting malignancy.
Targeting Myeloperoxidase to Reduce Neuroinflammation in X‐Linked Dystonia Parkinsonism
Authors: Petrozziello Tiziana , Motlagh Negin Jalali , Monsanto Ranee Zara B. , Lei Dan , Murcar Micaela G. , Penney Ellen B. , Bragg D. Cristopher , Fernandez‐Cerado Cara , Legarda G. Paul , Sy Michelle , Muñoz Edwin , Ang Mark C. , Diesta Cid Czarina E. , Zhang Can , Tanzi Rudolph E. , Qureshi Irfan A. , Chen John W. , Sadri‐Vakili Ghazaleh 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAimsAlthough the genetic locus of X‐linked dystonia parkinsonism (XDP), a neurodegenerative disease endemic in the Philippines, is well‐characterized, the exact mechanisms leading to neuronal loss are not yet fully understood. Recently, we demonstrated an increase in myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels in XDP postmortem prefrontal cortex (PFC), suggesting a role for inflammation in XDP pathogenesis. Therefore, we hypothesized that inhibiting MPO could provide a therapeutic strategy for XDP.MethodsMPO activity was measured by using an MPO‐activatable fluorescent agent (MAFA) in human postmortem PFC. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and MPO activity were measured in XDP‐derived fibroblasts and SH‐SY5Y cells following MPO inhibition.ResultsMPO activity was significantly increased in XDP PFC. Additionally, treatment of cell lines with postmortem XDP PFC resulted in a significant increase in ROS levels. To determine whether increases in MPO activity caused increases in ROS, MPO content was immunodepleted from XDP PFC, which resulted in a significant decrease in ROS in SH‐SY5Y cells. Consistently, the treatment with verdiperstat, a potent and selective MPO inhibitor, significantly decreased ROS in both XDP‐derived fibroblasts and XDP PFC‐treated SH‐SY5Y cells.ConclusionsCollectively, our results suggest that MPO inhibition mitigates oxidative stress and may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for XDP treatment.
Relationship between heart rate variability and echocardiography indices of cardiac function in healthy individuals
Authors: Rahman Mushidur , Russell Sophie L. , Okwose Nduka C. , Steward Charles J. , Maddock Helen , Banerjee Prithwish , Jakovljevic Djordje G. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPurposeThis study evaluated the relationship between HRV and echocardiography indices of cardiac function.MethodsHealthy individuals (N = 30) aged 33 ± 10 years old, underwent short‐term resting HRV assessment and transthoracic echocardiography with speckle tracking analysis. Time domain ‐ (i.e. R‐R interval, root mean square of successive RR interval difference (RMSSD), standard deviation of normal RR intervals (SDNN) and frequency domain‐measures of HRV (i.e. high‐frequency power (HF), low‐frequency power (LF), high‐frequency normalised (HFnorm) and low‐frequency normalised (LFnorm)). Echocardiography indices of cardiac function included; Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left‐ and right‐ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV‐GLS, and RV GLS), left atrial strain: left atrial reservoir (LAres), left atrial conduit (LAcon) and left atrial contraction (LACT).ResultsThe mean values for HRV time‐domain measures were: R‐R (991 ± 176 ms), SDNN (50.9 ± 21.5 ms), and RMSSD (46.8 ± 29.4 ms); and frequency‐domain: LF (727 ± 606 ms2), HF (415 ± 35 ms2), LFnorm (56 ± 19.4) and HFnorm (36.5 ± 18.8). Mean values for indices of cardiac function were LVEF (59.9% ± 2.8%), LV‐GLS (19.2% ± 1.4%), RV‐GLS (21.7% ± 2.7%), LAres (36.8% ± 6.99%), LAcon (26.2% ± 6.95%) and LACT (12.3% ± 3.56%). There was a significant negative relationship between HF and LV‐GLS (r = −0.47, p = 0.01) and RMSSD and LVEF (r = −0.39, p = 0.03) respectively.ConclusionHeart rate variability measures such as high frequency power and RMSSD are associated with left ventricle systolic function in healthy individuals.
Leveraging the Red List of Ecosystems for action on coral reefs through the Kunming‐Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework
Authors: Gudka Mishal , Obura David , Treml Eric , Samoilys Melita , Aboud Swaleh A. , Osuka Kennedy Edeye , Mbugua James , Mwaura Jelvas , Karisa Juliet , Knoester Ewout Geerten , Musila Peter , Omar Mohamed , Nicholson Emily 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCountries have committed to conserving and restoring ecosystems after signing the Kunming‐Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF). The IUCN Red List of Ecosystems (RLE) will serve as a headline indicator to track countries' progress toward achieving this goal. Using Kenyan coral reefs, we demonstrate how nations implementing the GBF can use standardized estimates of ecosystem degradation from RLE assessments to support site‐specific management decisions. We undertook a reef‐by‐reef analysis to evaluate the relative decline of four key ecosystem components over the past 50 years: hard corals, macroalgae, parrotfish, and groupers. Using the two benthic indicators, we also calculated standardized estimates of state to identify reef sites which maintain a better condition through time relative to adjacent sites. Kenya's coral reefs have degraded across all four ecosystem components. At more than half the monitored sites parrotfish and grouper abundance declined by more than 50%, while coral cover and macroalgae‐coral ratio declined by at least 30%. This resulted in an Endangered threat status for coral reefs in Kenya (under criterion D of the RLE). The results can guide management actions related to 9 of the 23 GBF targets. For example, we identified several sites with relatively healthy benthic and fish communities as candidate areas for protection measures under Target 3. The RLE has a key role to play in monitoring and meeting the goals and targets of the GBF, and our work demonstrates how using the wealth of data within these assessments can inform local‐scale ecosystem management and amplify the GBF's impact.
The effect of the endothelin receptor antagonist atrasentan on insulin resistance in phenotypic clusters of patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease
Authors: Smeijer Johannes David , Gomez Maria F. , Rossing Peter , Heerspink Hiddo J. L. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAimsType 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with a clinical phenotype characterized by a high degree of insulin resistance are at increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). We previously demonstrated that the endothelin receptor antagonist (ERA) atrasentan reduced insulin resistance in T2D. In this study, we compared the effect of atrasentan on insulin resistance across different phenotypic clusters of patients with T2D.Materials and MethodsWe performed a post hoc analysis of the SONAR trial, a randomized, placebo‐controlled trial of the ERA atrasentan in patients with T2D and CKD. Patients were stratified into four previously identified phenotypic clusters: severe insulin‐deficient diabetes (SIDD), severe insulin‐resistant diabetes (SIRD), mild obesity‐related diabetes (MOD) and mild age‐related diabetes (MARD). Changes in insulin resistance, assessed by HOMA‐IR, were compared between the phenotypic clusters using a mixed effects model.ResultsIn total, 931 patients were included in the analysis. In the overall population, atrasentan compared to placebo reduced HOMA‐IR by 12.9% [95%CI 3.5,21.4]. This effect of atrasentan was more pronounced in clusters characterized by insulin resistance or deficiency: (SIRD cluster 26.2% [95% CI 3.8,43.3] and SIDD cluster 18.5% [95%CI −3.8,35.9]), although the latter did not reach statistical significance. The effect of atrasentan compared to placebo was less pronounced in the other two clusters (MARD 12.2% [95% CI −1.7,24.12] and MOD −5.3% [95% CI −28.9,13.9]).ConclusionsAtrasentan significantly improved insulin sensitivity in patients with T2D and CKD, especially in those characterized by high insulin resistance (SIRD cluster). Further studies are warranted to investigate the long‐term clinical outcomes of atrasentan treatment in these distinct phenotypic clusters.
Parental Birth Order and the First Stage of Tracking Into Schools: Evidence From General Upper Secondary Educational Attainment in Finland
Authors: Härtull Camilla , Saarela Jan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTNo previous study on the interrelation between parental birth order and offspring educational attainment has analysed the first stage of tracking into schools, which in many countries is highly selective of persons who aim for university studies. We do so and examine how parental birth order is associated with attainment of general upper secondary education in Finland. Three‐generational register data on the total population are used to assess how the probability of having the matriculation examination at age 20 is associated with parental birth order. The total number of individuals in the child generation is 377,038. We find that the probability of having the matriculation examination decreases with parental birth order. Within‐family analyses using cousin fixed effects models, which account for unobserved characteristics in the extended family, show that having later‐born parents, and in particular a later‐born father, is negatively associated with first tracking into schools. These patterns can solely be attributed to the fact that earlier‐born parents are highly educated and found in higher social classes than later‐born parents. The results largely corroborate findings from similar analyses of length of schooling in Sweden, although the contribution of parental education and social class is notably stronger in our study context.
An Analytical Approach for the Near‐Tip Field Around V‐Notch in Orthotropic Materials
Authors: Esmaeili Adel , Kuhzadmohammadi Amin , Safarabadi Majid 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis study introduces a novel theoretical framework for determining the notch stress intensity factors (NSIFs) in composite materials. The approach involves utilizing Irwin's complex stress functions for Mode I and Mode II loading conditions. By investigating displacement and singular stress components around V‐notch tips, the research aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of NSIFs in composite materials. Three different composite materials were considered in the study to explore the relationship between stress and material properties. The stress singularity order, denoted as
, is determined through eigenequations. Moreover, explicit solutions for displacement and singular stress fields are derived for a more thorough understanding of the behavior around notches in composite materials. To validate the proposed theoretical framework, a rigorous numerical study is conducted using FEM on finite‐size notches. The results obtained from the numerical simulations are compared with theoretical predictions to assess the accuracy and reliability of the developed approach.
Validity of the Oral Hygiene Ability Instrument (OHAI)
Authors: Lindén Ingela Grönbeck , Wenemark Marika , Andersson Pia , Dahlin‐Ivanoff Synneve , Gahnberg Lars , Hägglin Catharina 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveTo evaluate the validity of the newly developed Oral Hygiene Ability Instrument (OHAI), created to assess the cause of any inability of older adults to perform oral hygiene, and to revise the instrument based on the results.BackgroundGood oral hygiene is among the most important prophylactic measures for oral health. This applies especially to older adults, among whom risk factors and physical and cognitive barriers are more common and can hamper oral hygiene.MethodsThe OHAI contains (I) an interview, (II) clinical examination, (III) observation of oral hygiene activities and a summarising part. In the study, 149 older adults in three groups participated: stroke, cognitive disorder and general dental patients. Inclusion criteria were to be ≥65 years old, have at least one tooth and to manage oral hygiene without assistance. For criterion validity, sensitivity and specificity were calculated using eight reference instruments. To determine construct validity, we used known group validity, factor analysis and Rasch analysis.ResultsThe criterion and construct validity of the OHAI were found to be acceptable to good. In the stroke group, balance and fine motor skills were assessed to affect oral hygiene most; in the cognitive disorder group, it was balance, coordination, spatial ability and cognitive functions. Analyses revealed that one item had no added value and that some response options were not optimal.ConclusionThe OHAI proved to be valid for the group it is intended for, with only minor revisions needed, resulting in a 32‐item instrument. The OHAI could be a valuable person‐centred tool in prophylactic work with older adults with failing oral hygiene.