bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gendered messages in police recruitment
Authors: Aiello Michael Francis 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
Prior research established several important influences on the representation of women in policing, using a variety of secondary and primary data. The purpose of this paper is to examine how experimental manipulation of online recruitment materials impacts potential applicants.

Design/methodology/approach
The study relied on a census of 11 criminal justice courses taught at a public university, asking students to respond to an experimental vignette instrument (n=174). The 3×2 experimental vignette involved manipulation of two variables: the identification of recruits with diversity language (“individuals,” “women and men” or “a diverse group of individuals”) and mention or absence of discussion of physical fitness requirements.

Findings
Results largely run counter to prior research concerning women in policing, with women actually indicating increased probability of providing their contact information when encountering vignettes with physical fitness requirements.

Originality/value
This study demonstrates that small manipulations of recruitment content can have significant and gendered impact on potential applicants. This paper provides a foundation for empirical study of how changes in online recruitment materials impact a variety of relevant outcomes relating to applicant behaviors.
Tree-trimming impact on local government property management
Authors: Boogaerdt Humphrey , Brown Alistair 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to consider the monetary valuation implications arising from local government tree trimming, by calculating the loss of local government authority’ monetary tree value arising from trimming trees under power lines.

Design/methodology/approach
A city council model of estimation of the monetary value of city trees in a sample of three streets in a suburb of the Perth Metropolitan Area in Western Australia is applied to ascertain the loss of monetary value to the local government authority arising from tree trimming.

Findings
Using a sample of 274 city trees, the results of the study show that 156 city trees did not get trimmed thus incurring no monetary loss. However, the average loss of monetary value from 118 city trees that were trimmed was AU$2,816 per tree, suggesting a substantial loss of value to the council.

Research limitations/implications
The use of monetary tree valuation should be treated with caution as there is a focus on monetary calculations rather than non-monetary evaluations of trees. Further, the analysis does not take into account increases in value of city trees resulting from their growth.

Practical implications
In trimming trees, monetary value and canopy cover of trees may be reduced. In terms of property management, it may be helpful for the city council to take into account loss of city tree value from tree trimming when considering a cost-benefit analysis of the above ground/underground trade-off of power line installation.

Social implications
With increasing populations and demand on services, local government authorities may use monetary valuation techniques of trees to provide an accountability to ratepayers.

Originality/value
The results highlight the value loss of trimming a tree. The study’s originality rests in providing local government authority a valuation.
Analysis of Brazilian fashion sectorial brand identity
Authors: Lourenção Marina Toledo de Arruda , Giraldi Janaina de Moura Engracia , Maheshwari Vish 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
The purpose of the present study is to propose identifying similar characteristics and managerial actions of the sector brand identity elements among the associations that compound the Brasil Fashion System (BFS) brand.

Design/methodology/approach
An exploratory qualitative research was developed through in-depth interviews conducted with associations of the Brazilian fashion sector.

Findings
The results indicate that there are characteristics of the elements of brand identity that are similar between the associations that compound the BFS brand. However, there are also several distinct characteristics among them, which makes it difficult, in large part, to consolidate the brand identity of the Brazilian fashion industry abroad.

Research limitations/implications
Moreover, it was indicated that for sectorial brand cases with a great divergence among brand partners, the creation of sub-sectorial brand specific for each partner could bring better results, as in this way, brands could be created with more suitable attributes for each partner, which will better suit their target audiences.

Practical implications
A practical contribution is also obtained, as the study can help in elaborating upon improvements for the sectorial brands that represent a large partners group.

Originality/value
An empirical evidence of how to identify common attributes between sectorial brand partners was presented to have a consolidated brand image in the external market.
Tax increment financing in the UK and USA: its prospects for urban regeneration in Nigeria
Authors: Olayinka Agboola Alirat , Ayodele Timothy Oluwafemi , Olofa Aderemi 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the potential of tax increment financing (TIF) as a viable financial mechanism for urban regeneration programmes in Nigeria. This is with a view to engendering a sustainable, productive and competitive urban land market towards enhancing the economic development of the country.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper adopts a desk-based study approach and review of secondary literature on urban regeneration and TIF to examine the usefulness of TIF for funding local infrastructure development. It then examines the key requirements for the successful application of TIF as a financial instrument for urban regeneration in an emergent economy like Nigeria.

Findings
A number of key requirements for a successful TIF programme particularly in the context of an emergent economy are identified. These are: a functional urban land market with well-developed and documented market indices on performance measurement to serve as reliable benchmarks for investors; an established land use planning system consisting of clear rules and effective decision-making processes; an active capital market that is accessible to institutional and private developers; a viable tax administration system and most importantly an efficient institutional framework with clearly defined formal property rights and sound enforcement mechanisms to monitor contractual agreements and to police deviations.

Originality/value
This paper represents a pioneering attempt at examining the prospects of the application of TIF to urban regeneration in the specific context of an emergent Sub-Saharan African country.
The social imperative in sustainable urban development
Authors: Randeree Kasim , Ahmed Nadeem 
Published: October 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine social sustainability effectiveness of eco-cities through the case of Masdar City’s strategy for urban sustainability in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.Design/methodology/approachUsing a case study approach, the paper is an exploratory, qualitative analysis, which investigates the social, environmental and economic performance of Masdar City, a purported carbon-neutral, zero-waste urban development.FindingsThough Masdar City substantively contributes to innovation in sustainable urban development within environmental and economic contexts and has been effective in capital circulation in green technology markets, the impetus as a commercially driven enterprise is most evident. Successful sustainable urban development requires greater consideration for the social imperative.Practical implicationsEco-city mega-projects, such as Masdar City, have the potential to fuse achievements in innovation, technology and economic enterprise with the social imperative of functional urban habitats.Originality/valueEco-cities are of increasing interest given the growing need for sustainable, energy-efficient living. This paper contributes through a novel case study, exploring how the concept of the eco-city has been developed and understood in the Masdar City context and discusses successes and deficits in its strategic implementation.
A systemic approach to processes of power in learning organizations
Authors: Flood Robert L. , Romm Norma R.A. 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to give practical insights into the systemic approach to organizational learning “triple loop learning” (TLL; introduced in Part I) by reflecting on a facilitated research-and-intervention undertaken in South Africa as part of the “500 Schools Project”.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors reflect on one of the many researcher-assisted interventions in the “500 Schools Project” by retrospectively reflecting on the case through the principles of TLL.

Findings
The authors show that researcher-assisted intervention can be genuinely transformative given two conditions: The principles of TLL are embraced, and researchers are committed to such principles and passionate about social transformation. In particular, the case study illustrates how we might address processes of power in processes of design and in processes of debate. The focus on power arguably helped to shift “power over” (power as domination) to “power to” enact empowering designs, “power to” co-develop responsible decision-making and “power to” transform relations with each other and with life on Earth.

Originality/value
The authors introduce an original approach to TLL that directly addresses issues relating to processes of power. The value of the TLL is that it encourages researchers, learning facilitators and practitioners of the learning organization to engage with processes of power without neglecting other important organizational and environmental issues.
Output cost of gender discrimination in the Korean labour market
Authors: Lee Hanol 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis study constructs and calibrates a macroeconomic model that explains Korea's glass ceiling and examines the output cost of gender discrimination. The model is based on the span‐of‐control framework in Lucas (1978). It is assumed that the source of the glass ceiling is women requiring more managerial skill than men to be considered for promotion. According to simulation results, without the glass ceiling, besides an increase in the share of female managers, aggregate output also increases by 8.4%. The output gain from a glass ceiling removal policy is monotonic because the number of workers continues to decline while the number of managers increases gradually. This implies that the more effective the policy implementation, the greater the increase in output.
Academic performance in adolescents aged 15–16 years born after frozen embryo transfer compared with fresh embryo transfer: a nationwide registry‐based cohort study
Authors: Spangmose AL , Malchau SS , Henningsen AA , Forman JL , Rasmussen S , Loft A , Schmidt L , Pinborg A 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveTo assess academic performance in singletons aged 15–16 years conceived after frozen embryo transfer (FET) compared with singletons born after fresh embryo transfer (ET) in Danish cohorts born from 1995 to 2001.DesignDanish national registry‐based cohort study.SettingDanish national registries.PopulationAll 6495 singletons conceived after assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment in Denmark from 1995 to 2001 [FET (n) = 423; fresh ET (n) = 6072].MethodsMean test scores on a national standardised and international comparable grading‐scale. Comparisons of test score were first made in univariate analysis (Model 1) and secondly in a multivariate linear model (Model 2) adjusting for relevant reproductive and socio‐demographic covariates such as the occupational and educational level of the parents. Sensitivity analyses on FET‐IVF (in vitro fertilisation) versus fresh ET‐IVF and FET‐ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection) versus fresh ET‐ICSI were made. Linear mixed models were used to account for the correlation in test scores of siblings for continuous outcome.Main outcome measuresMean overall test score and test score in Danish, mathematics, English, and physics/chemistry.ResultsCrude and adjusted mean test scores were similar for adolescents conceived after FET compared with fresh ET. The crude mean difference was +0.11 (95% CI −0.11; 0.34), and the adjusted mean difference was +0.12 (95% CI −0.09; 0.34).ConclusionsAdolescents conceived after FET had similar academic performance at 15–16 of years of age compared with children conceived after fresh ET.Tweetable abstractUsing frozen embryos in fertility treatment does not affect school performance in Danish adolescents aged 15–16 years.
Searching for Kin Amidst Tragedy—Disaster Victim Identification Operations for US Bangla Flight 211
Authors: Shrestha Rijen , Acharya Jenash , Shakya Arbin , Acharya Jemish 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe nature of air disasters includes factors that exacerbate challenges in the identification process. Of the 49 deceased in the US Bangla air crash in Kathmandu, Nepal, four were intact, 11 presented with burn injuries, another 11 presented with partial charring, and 23 were completely charred. Personal belongings were useful in the identification phases for all types of victims. Fingerprints were obtainable and useful in intact victims and victims with less severe burn injuries; medical and surgical information was useful in bodies with burn injuries; finally, dental findings were useful in cases of extensive charring. Other useful methods in the process included marks of identification, physical features, and exclusion. In certain resource‐limited settings, especially in closed population disasters, where scientific identification (DNA, dental records, etc.) is not currently available, personal belongings, clothing, and physical findings analyzed by an identification team using a structured organization may be cautiously used as the primary means of identification.
Genetic analyses of differences between solid and nonsolid predominant lung adenocarcinomas
Authors: Luo Jizhuang , Ma Ke , Shi Yu , Chen Zongwei , Zhao Mengnan , Huang Yiwei , Wang Shuai , Xi Junjie , Zhan Cheng , Xu Songtao , Wang Qun 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundSolid predominant lung adenocarcinomas (LUAD) have distinct histopathological and clinical characteristics compared with nonsolid subtypes. A comprehensive comparison of altered genes found in solid and nonsolid subtypes has not previously been performed. In this study, we analyzed differences in gene expression, genetic mutations, and DNA methylation to better understand the risk factors for these two subtypes of LUAD.MethodsDifferentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially mutated genes (DMGs) were analyzed from RNA‐seq data downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Broad Institute database. To understand the functional significance of molecular changes, we examined the DEGs and DMGs with Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis.ResultsA total of 184 patients in the TCGA cohort and 140 patients in the Broad Institute cohort were included in this study. We identified 75 DEGs, of which 15 were upregulated and 56 downregulated in the solid group relative to the nonsolid group. The DEGs were mainly involved in the regulation of water and fluid transport. We discovered 38 significantly differentially expressed genes that overlapped in the two groups. The DMGs were mainly enriched for pathways involved in cell–cell adhesion, cell adhesion, biological adhesion, and hemophilic cell adhesion. We additionally discovered nine significantly methylated genes between solid and nonsolid LUAD.ConclusionsOur study identified distinct DEGs, DMGs, and methylation genes for solid and nonsolid LUAD subtypes. These findings improve our understanding of the different carcinogenesis mechanisms in LUAD and will help to develop new therapeutic strategies.
Improving postpartum screening after diabetes in pregnancy: Results of a pilot study in remote Australia
Authors: Kirkham Renae , MacKay Diana , Barzi Federica , Whitbread Cherie , Kirkwood Marie , Graham Sian , Van Dokkum Paula , McIntyre H. David , Shaw Jonathan E. , Brown Alex , O'Dea Kerin , Connors Christine , Oats Jeremy , Zimmet Paul , Boyle Jacqueline , Maple‐Brown Louise 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundThe postpartum period is a critical time to improve health outcomes for Aboriginal women, particularly for those who have chronic conditions.AimsTo assess enhanced support methods (for women following diabetes in pregnancy (DIP)) to improve completion rates of recommended postpartum health checks.Materials and MethodsFifty‐three Aboriginal women in the Northern Territory (NT) were contacted in the postpartum period to encourage medical check‐ups. Messages were delivered through phone (call or text messages) or other methods (Facebook or email). The primary outcome was postpartum blood glucose testing (oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT), random or fasting glucose and HbA1c).ResultsEstablishing contact with women was difficult. Of 137 messages sent to 52 women, 22 responded (42%). Phone was the most common contact method with successful contact made from 16 of 119 (13%) attempts. Rates of postpartum OGTT completion were higher in the group successfully contacted (32% vs 7%). However, for any postpartum glucose testing (including OGTT and HbA1c) rates were 25 of 42 (60%) and neither success in making contact nor the contact method was associated with higher rates.ConclusionsThe small sample size limits our conclusions; however, results highlight that engaging remote women postpartum is difficult. While rates of postpartum OGTT completion differed according to successful contacts, rates of any postpartum blood glucose testing did not. Further research is needed to explore feasible intervention methods to improve postpartum screening after a pregnancy complicated by diabetes.
Lower respiratory tract infections appear to be the most important risk factor for current asthma in subarctic schoolchildren
Authors: Hansen Tonje Elisabeth , Evjenth Bjørg , Holt Jan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to identify possible risk factors for current asthma revealed by two studies in Northern Norway in 1985 and 2008 and to evaluate these factors contributing to the increased prevalence of asthma over these 23 years.MethodsAs part of the ‘Asthma and allergy study among schoolchildren in Nordland county’ we performed a case–control study (70.0% attendance) comparing 153 children with current asthma (cases) to their non‐asthmatic controls. The results from this 2008 study were compared to a similar case–control study (93.2% attendance) performed in 1985 based on 62 current asthmatics.ResultsIn 1985, the most important risk factors for current asthma were repeated lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) with adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 52.11, together with urticaria ever and atopic disease in the family. In 2008, the most important risk factors were food allergy with aOR 7.06, LRTIs during the first three years of life with aOR 5.80 and hospitalisation caused by LRTIs.ConclusionIn both studies, LRTI was the most important risk factor for current asthma. Whether or not LRTIs have contributed to the increased asthma prevalence in this population over 23 years remains unresolved.
Real‐Time Human Shadow Removal in a Front Projection System
Authors: Kim Jaedong , Seo Hyunggoog , Cha Seunghoon , Noh Junyong 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWhen a person is located between a display and an operating projector, a shadow is cast on the display. The shadow on the display may eliminate important visual information and therefore adversely affect the viewing experiences. There have been various attempts to remove the human shadow cast on a projection display by using multiple projectors. While previous approaches successfully removed the shadow region when a person moderately moves around or stands stationary in front of the display, there is still an afterimage effect due to the lack of consideration of the limb motion of the person. We propose a new real‐time approach to removing the shadow cast by a person who dynamically interacts with the display, making limb motions in a front projection system. The proposed method utilizes a human skeleton obtained from a depth camera to track the posture of the person which changes over time. A model that consists of spheres and conical frustums is constructed based on the skeleton information in order to represent volumetric information of the person being tracked. Our method precisely estimates the shadow region by projecting the volumetric model onto the display. In addition, employment of intensity masks that are built based on a distance field helps suppress the afterimage of the shadow that appears when the person moves abruptly. It also helps blend the projected overlapping images from different projectors and show one smoothly combined display. The experiment results verify that our approach removes the shadow of a person effectively in a front projection environment and is fast enough to achieve real‐time performance.
The release of the blue biological pigment C‐phycocyanin through calcium‐aided cytolysis of live Spirulina sp.
Authors: Pott Robert W. M. 
Published: October 2018

C‐phycocyanin is a light‐harvesting phycobiliprotein found in, amongst other species, the cyanobacterium Spirulina sp. C‐phycocyanin is bright blue in colour and can be used as a natural blue colorant for a variety of applications. Various cell disruption methods exist to cause the lysis of the cyanobacterial cells and release of phycocyanin, but these methods have significant drawbacks, such as cost, difficulty in scale‐up, bacterial contamination, or risk of degrading the protein. This article outlines an alternative method for cell disruption based on the use of Ca(II), which lyses live Spirulina biomass, releasing phycocyanin at a range of concentrations (0.1–0.8 m) over varying time periods, depending on the conditions. In comparison with other ionic species tested, Ca(II) performed best by a significant margin. Bead milling of biomass was used to quantify the maximum phycocyanin in the biomass, and the greatest was found to be ca. 90% released into solution after 48 h under 0.5 m Ca(II) in a 0.35 m acetate buffer at pH 6. Exposing Spirulina to sodium azide revealed that the mechanism of Ca(II) ion‐aided cytolysis is likely based on a metabolically driven process. This study demonstrates a potential processing option for the release of phycocyanin from live Spirulina, paving the way for the development of a novel bioprocess for the industrial production of the biological pigment.
Effects of a school teacher‐led 45‐minute educational program for mental health literacy in pre‐teens
Authors: Ojio Yasutaka , Foo Jerome C. , Usami Satoshi , Fuyama Taruto , Ashikawa Megumi , Ohnuma Kumiko , Oshima Norihito , Ando Shuntaro , Togo Fumiharu , Sasaki Tsukasa 
Published: October 2018

AimA concise teacher‐led program for mental health literacy (MHL), suitable for schools with tight schedules was developed, and its effects were examined in pre‐teens.MethodsParticipants comprised 662 grade 5 to 6 students from nine Japanese elementary schools. The program consisted of a 45‐minute session, delivered by school teachers using a 10‐minute animated film. Program focuses included: mental health problems are common, can be associated with lifestyle and that seeking help from reliable adults is a key to finding solutions. Participants filled out self‐report questionnaires before, immediately after and 3 months post‐intervention. Changes in MHL were analyzed using multilevel models.ResultsKnowledge about mental health/illnesses, recognition of mental health state and intention to help peers/seek help when suffering from mental health problems, were significantly improved immediately and 3 months post‐intervention.ConclusionsConcise teacher‐led programs administered in schools can have positive and lasting effects on MHL in pre‐teens.