bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Meta-analysis of the Literature on the Association of the Social and Built Environment With Obesity: Identifying Factors in Need of More In-Depth Research
Authors: Zhang Hao , Yin Li 
Published: December 2018

Objective: This study aims to identify groups of the social and built environment factors that have been studied substantially along with factors that need further attention, to guide the research, designing, and planning of the social and built environment for reducing obesity prevalence. Data Source: A systematic search of literature was undertaken from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Knowledge. Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria: Keyword combination of “built environment,” “social environment,” and “obesity” were used to expand the search scope. Exclusion criteria included (1) any article with less than 50 citations from 2005 to 2010, and those with less than 25 citations from 2011 to 2015. In this way we included the most prominent peer-reviewed studies published in recent years while excluding less influential publications; (2) any article published in a language other than English; (3) literature review articles; (4) any article studying health outcomes not obesity related. We included research on eating behaviors since the studies contributed profoundly to food environment research. Data Synthesis: A meta-analysis of 153 empirical studies, selected from 2005 to 2015 based on a series of criteria, was conducted using factor analysis. The exploratory factor analysis was undertaken to group the prevalence and use of the social and built environment factors associated with obesity. Results: The findings suggested that the research community has gained a substantial understanding of the D variables of the built environment, including density, diversity, design, distance to transit, and destination access. Factors concerning different age groups, minority populations, groups with low socioeconomic status, food environment, and street-level urban design features have been less examined. Conclusions: The findings are important to guide future research directions, giving more attention to the factors in need of more in-depth research.
Managing Pain in Chronically Ill Homebound Patients Through Home-Based Primary and Palliative Care
Authors: Major-Monfried Hannah , DeCherrie Linda V. , Wajnberg Ania , Zhang Meng , Kelley Amy S. , Ornstein Katherine A. 
Published: December 2018

Background: Many older adults are homebound due to chronic illness and suffer from significant symptoms, including pain. Home-based primary and palliative care (HBPC), which provides interdisciplinary medical and psychosocial care for this population, has been shown to significantly reduce symptom burden. However, little is known about how pain is managed in the homebound. Objective: This article describes pain management for chronically, ill homebound adults in a model, urban HBPC program. Design/Measurements: This was a prospective observational cohort study of newly enrolled HBPC patients, who completed a baseline Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS) survey during the initial HBPC visit (N = 86). Baseline pain burden was captured by ESAS and pain severity was categorized as none, mild, or moderate-severe. All pain-related assessments and treatments over a 6-month period were categorized by medication type and titration, referrals to outside providers, procedures, and equipment. Results: At baseline, 55% of the study population had no pain, 18% had mild pain, and 27% had moderate-severe pain. For those with moderate-severe pain at baseline (n = 23), prescriptions for pharmacological treatments for pain, such as opiates and acetaminophen, increased during the study period from 48% to 57% and 52% to 91%, respectively. Nonpharmacological interventions, including referrals to outside providers such as physical therapy, procedures, and equipment for pain management, were also common and 67% of the study population received a service referral during the follow-up period. Conclusions: Pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments are widely used in the setting of HBPC to treat the pain of homebound, older adults.
Single-cell RNA-Seq of follicular lymphoma reveals malignant B-cell types and coexpression of T-cell immune checkpoints
Authors: Andor Noemi , Simonds Erin F. , Czerwinski Debra K. , Chen Jiamin , Grimes Susan M. , Wood-Bouwens Christina , Zheng Grace X. Y. , Kubit Matthew A. , Greer Stephanie , Weiss William A. , Levy Ronald , Ji Hanlee P. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Follicular lymphoma (FL) is a low-grade B-cell malignancy that transforms into a highly aggressive and lethal disease at a rate of 2% per year. Perfect isolation of the malignant B-cell population from a surgical biopsy is a significant challenge, masking important FL biology, such as immune checkpoint coexpression patterns. To resolve the underlying transcriptional networks of follicular B-cell lymphomas, we analyzed the transcriptomes of 34 188 cells derived from 6 primary FL tumors. For each tumor, we identified normal immune subpopulations and malignant B cells, based on gene expression. We used multicolor flow cytometry analysis of the same tumors to confirm our assignments of cellular lineages and validate our predictions of expressed proteins. Comparison of gene expression between matched malignant and normal B cells from the same patient revealed tumor-specific features. Malignant B cells exhibited restricted immunoglobulin (Ig) light chain expression (either Igκ or Igλ), as well the expected upregulation of the BCL2 gene, but also downregulation of the FCER2, CD52, and major histocompatibility complex class II genes. By analyzing thousands of individual cells per patient tumor, we identified the mosaic of malignant B-cell subclones that coexist within a FL and examined the characteristics of tumor-infiltrating T cells. We identified genes coexpressed with immune checkpoint molecules, such as CEBPA and B2M in regulatory T (Treg) cells, providing a better understanding of the gene networks involved in immune regulation. In summary, parallel measurement of single-cell expression in thousands of tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes can be used to obtain a systems-level view of the tumor microenvironment and identify new avenues for therapeutic development.
Psychiatry past and present: do we need history?
Authors: Hilton Claire 
Published: December 2018

Historical evidence can be useful to inform debate about current dilemmas in health service policy. However, concepts of historical analysis may be problematic for doctors, for whom a model of ‘history’ is often based on clinical history-taking: a clinical history aims to explain the present, whereas a historical analysis aims to elucidate the past. This article discusses and illustrates these concepts, and highlights potential pitfalls of poor historical methodology. It also provides pointers about researching the history of psychiatry in the UK and how to contribute historical evidence to health service policy debates today.Declaration of interestNone.
Suppression of Prolactin Secretion Partially Explains the Antidiabetic Effect of Bromocriptine in ob/ob Mice
Authors: Furigo Isadora C , Suzuki Miriam F , Oliveira João E , Ramos-Lobo Angela M , Teixeira Pryscila D S , Pedroso João A , de Alencar Amanda , Zampieri Thais T , Buonfiglio Daniella C , Quaresma Paula G F , Prada Patricia O , Bartolini Paolo , Soares Carlos R J , Donato Jose 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that bromocriptine mesylate (Bromo) lowers blood glucose levels in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus; however, the mechanism of action of the antidiabetic effects of Bromo is unclear. As a dopamine receptor agonist, Bromo can alter brain dopamine activity affecting glucose control, but it also suppresses prolactin (Prl) secretion, and Prl levels modulate glucose homeostasis. Thus, the objective of the current study was to investigate whether Bromo improves insulin sensitivity via inhibition of Prl secretion. Male and female ob/ob animals (a mouse model of obesity and insulin resistance) were treated with Bromo and/or Prl. Bromo-treated ob/ob mice exhibited lower serum Prl concentration, improved glucose and insulin tolerance, and increased insulin sensitivity in the liver and skeletal muscle compared with vehicle-treated mice. Prl replacement in Bromo-treated mice normalized serum Prl concentration without inducing hyperprolactinemia. Importantly, Prl replacement partially reversed the improvements in glucose homeostasis caused by Bromo treatment. The effects of the Prl receptor antagonist G129R-hPrl on glucose homeostasis were also investigated. We found that central G129R-hPrl infusion increased insulin tolerance of male ob/ob mice. In summary, our findings indicate that part of Bromo effects on glucose homeostasis are associated with decrease in serum Prl levels. Because G129R-hPrl treatment also improved the insulin sensitivity of ob/ob mice, pharmacological compounds that inhibit Prl signaling may represent a promising therapeutic approach to control blood glucose levels in individuals with insulin resistance.
The Utility of Functional Near-infrared Spectroscopy for Measuring Cortical Activity during Cycling Exercise
Authors: TEMPEST GAVIN D. , REISS ALLAN L. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Real-time measurement of dynamic brain activity during exercise can help advance our understanding of the role of exercise upon brain health and function. In exercise science, functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has primarily been used to measure the effects of exercise intensity on hemodynamic responses in the cerebral cortex. However, the utility of fNIRS to measure discreet hemodynamic responses underlying brain activation associated with motor and cognitive function during exercise has not been systematically examined. Here, we compared brain activation associated with a motor and cognitive task at rest and during cycling exercise at different intensities.

Methods
In separate sessions, 13 participants performed cycling exercise on an indoor trainer at a low, moderate and high intensity. We measured changes in oxygenated (HbO) and deoxygenated (HbR) hemoglobin from prefrontal, parietal, and motor regions of the cerebral cortex during a handgrip and working-memory task.

Results
Our findings show significant brain activation (a concurrent increase in HbO and decrease in HbR) in contralateral motor cortex during the handgrip task and left prefrontal cortex during the working-memory task at rest and during exercise at low, moderate and high (motor task HbO only) intensities (P < 0.05). Moreover, brain activation during the handgrip and working-memory tasks was not significantly different at rest and during exercise (P > 0.05).

Conclusions
This study shows that fNIRS can robustly measure motor and cognitive task-evoked changes in brain activation during cycling exercise comparable to rest. An implication of these new findings is that fNIRS can be used to determine real-time changes in brain function during exercise in healthy and clinical populations.
Noise Analysis at Different Technological Solutions of Milking Devices
Authors: Pšenka Martin , Mihina Štefan , Järvi Matti , Šístková Marie , Kažimírová Viera , Holota Tomas 
Published: December 2018

Abstract. The aim of this article is to evaluate the noise levels of different milking systems. Noise was measured at 15 dairy farms in Slovakia, Finland, and the Czech Republic. Out of these, there were three herringbone, three tandem, three side-by-side, and three rotary milking parlors, and three automatic milking systems (AMS). Brüel&amp;Kjær type 2270 sound analyser was used for measuring noise levels. Equivalent sound pressure level (LAeq), maximum sound pressure level (LAFmax), and peak values (LCPk) have been recorded in each milking system during the entire herd milking session. Keywords: Animal welfare, Dairy cows, Milking device, Noise exposure.
Cellulosic Ethanol Potential of Feedstocks Grown on Marginal Lands
Authors: Kim Sun Min , Lee DoKyoung , Thapa Santanu , Dien Bruce S. , Tumbleson Mike E. , Rausch Kent D. , Singh Vijay 
Published: December 2018

Abstract. To examine the chemical composition and ethanol production of feedstocks grown on marginal lands, prairie cordgrass and switchgrass from waterlogged land, saline land, and saline water irrigated land were evaluated. Samples were pretreated using 1% w w-1 dilute acid at 160°C for 10 min, and simultaneous saccharification and cofermentation was conducted using industrial engineered . Samples grown on land irrigated with saline water had 2.8-fold higher total ash content compared to the other types of land, resulting in lower carbohydrate concentrations. Yeast fermented glucose and xylose simultaneously; almost all of the sugars were consumed, indicating that salts present in biomass ash did not inhibit yeast performance. Ethanol production from the waterlogged and saline lands was 2,500 to 4,700 L ha-1, which is comparable to that of samples grown on other agricultural lands. Prairie cordgrass and switchgrass grown on marginal lands could be potential feedstocks for cellulosic biofuel. Keywords: Irrigation, Marginal land, Prairie cordgrass, Saline, Simultaneous saccharification and cofermentation, Switchgrass, Waterlogging.
Mechanism of Sunlight Damage on Drip Tape by Pendant Droplets in Mulched Drip Irrigation
Authors: Mo Yan , Li Guangyong , Wang Dan , Wang Jiandong , Chai Haidong , Zou Xiuming 
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Drip irrigation under mulch has been applied in China for nearly 20 years, but sunlight damage from the lens effect through droplets beneath clear plastic mulch is always a problem that cannot be ignored. Droplet volume and mulch wettability affect the geometric parameters of the pendant droplets. Changes in geometric parameters were experimentally investigated by analyzing side-view images of droplets. Models were built to predict droplet focal length and light-gathering power based on the geometric parameters. A comparison between numerical and optical experimental results suggested that the focal length model was accurate and reliable. The effective incident area of the parallel light proposed in this study could also be used to represent the light-gathering power, which had a relationship with the drip tape burning rate. The increase in wettability of the clear mulch considerably increased the focal length of the pendant droplets, expanded the focal length range, enhanced the light-gathering power, and thus increased the risk of drip tape burning. In practice, pendant droplets with a wetting radius of 3 to 5 mm, with corresponding focal lengths of 5 to 12 mm, have a high probability of emergence. Therefore, the distance between the mulch and drip tape should be beyond this focal length range to reduce the risk of drip tape burning by pendant droplets. In addition, filming the mulch surface with hydrophobic materials to increase the contact angles of droplets can also protect the drip tape from sunlight damage. Keywords: Drip irrigation under mulch, Drip tape burning, Effective incident area of parallel light, Focal length, Pendant droplet.
Phyloproteomic and functional analyses do not support the split of the genus Borrelia(phylum Spirochaetes).
Authors: Estrada Peña Agustín , Cabezas-Cruz Alejandro 
Published: December 2018

Background: The evolutionary history of a species is frequently derived from molecular sequences, and the resulting phylogenetic trees do not include explicit functional information. Here, we aimed to assess the functional relationships among bacteria in the Spirochaetes phylum, based on the biological processes of 42,489 proteins in reference proteomes of 34 Spirochaetes species. We tested the hypothesis that the species in the genus
Borreliamight be sufficiently different to warrant splitting them into two separate genera.
Results: A detrended canonical analysis demonstrated that the presence/absence of biological processesamong selected bacteria contained a strong phylogenetic signal, which did not separate species of
Borrelia. We examined the ten biological processes in which most proteins were involved consistently. This analysis demonstrated that species in
Borreliawere more similar to each other than to free-life species (
Sediminispirochaeta,
Spirochaeta,
Sphaerochaeta) or to pathogenic species without vectors (
Leptospira,
Treponema, Brachyspira), which are highly divergent. A dendrogram based on the presence/absence of proteins in the reference proteomes demonstrated that distances between species of the same genus among free-life or pathogenic non-vector species were higher than the distances between the 19 species (27 strains) of
Borrelia. A phyloproteomic network supported the close functional association between species of
Borrelia. In the proteome of 27 strains of
Borrelia,only a few proteins had evolved separately, in the relapsing fever and Lyme borreliosis groups. The most prominent
Borreliaproteins and processes were a subset of those also found in free-living and non-vectored pathogenic species. In addition, the functional innovation (i.e., unique biological processes or proteins) of
Borreliawas very low, compared to other genera of Spirochaetes.
Conclusions: We found only marginal functional differences among
Borreliaspecies. Phyloproteomic networks that included all pairwise combinations between species, proteins, and processes were more effective than other methods for evaluating the evolutionary relationships among taxa. With the limitations of data availability, our results did not support a split of the arthropod-transmitted spirochaetes into the proposed genera,
Borreliaand
Borreliella.
POLITIK IDENTITAS ANIMAL POP DANCE: Subbudaya dan Gaya Hidup Hibrid
Authors: Setyobudi Imam 
Published: December 2018

Post-colonial theories bear two perspectives. First, Said argues that the ideological and concrete framework of ideology and colonial knowledge stands firmly, neatly, and perfectly without any crack that remains entrenched. Bhabha argues that the building of ideology and colonial knowledge full of cracks necessitates the creative opportunity of creating hybrid traditions and cultures that are not merely extensions of the colonial army, but also not the real bumiputera: ambiguity and ambivalence.This article, tracking the identity politics that construct a subculture with a particular lifestyle through the creation of Animal Pop Dance choreography. An Indonesian hip hop which is a hybridization process of hip hop grown in the United States by Africa-America is mixed with three local Indonesian dance (Javanese, Sundanese, Papuan) traditions of animal behavior. The results show Animal Pop Dance is a hybrid tradition and culture that aspires to escape from the grip of dichotomous thinking patterns in post-colonial contexts.Teori paska-kolonial melahirkan dua perspektif. Pertama, Said berpendapat kerangka-beton ideologi dan pengetahuan kolonial berdiri kokoh, rapi, dan sempurna tanpa retakan yang masih bercokol utuh. Bhabha berpendapat bangunan ideologi dan pengetahuan kolonial penuh retakan meniscayakan peluang kreatif menciptakan tradisi dan budaya hibrid yang bukan sekadar kepanjangan tangan kolonial semata, akan tetapi juga bukanlah bumiputera yang sesungguhnya: ambiguitas dan ambivalen. Artikel ini, pelacakan terhadap politik identitas yang mengkonstruksi sebuah subbudaya dengan gaya hidup tertentu melalui penciptaan koreografi Animal Pop Dance. Suatu hip hop Indonesia yang merupakan proses hibridisasi hibrid dari hip hop yang tumbuh di Amerika Serikat oleh kalangan Africa-America dicampuradukan dengan tiga tari tradisi lokal Indonesia (Jawa, Sunda, Papua) bertema perilaku binatang. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan Animal Pop Dance adalah tradisi dan budaya hibrid yang berhasrat melepaskan diri dari cengkeraman pola berpikir dikotomi dalam konteks paska-kolonial. Keywords: politic of identity, animal pop dance, subculture, lifestyle, hybrid
ANAK MENDAMBAKAN ORANG TUA YANG UTUH
Authors: Lila Napsiah satra 
Published: December 2018

Judul Asli : Memutus Rantai Ketidakadilan GLobal Care dalam Pengasuhan Anak Tenaga Kerja Indonesia Perempuan (TKIP)Pengarang : Maria Ulfah AnsorPenerbit : Yayasan Obor, 2017Tebal buku : 289 Halaman.
PERGESERAN NORMA SOSIAL PADA REMAJA: Studi Pada remaja di Kota Tanjungpinang
Authors: Prastiyo Endri Bagus 
Published: December 2018

Tanjung Pinang is a developing city in Riau Islands Province. However, there are some shifts of values occurring on the teenagers. The formulation of the problems in this study is that how social norm shifts occurred on the teenagers in Tanjung Pinan g. Then, this study also aims to investigate the forms of social norm shifts on the teenagers in Tanjung Pinang. This study was a Qualitative with a Case Study approach. The respondents were the teenagers who were raided by the Tanjung Pinang Public Order Agency in 2017. The data were collected through in depth interview and documentation. Then, the data were analyzed by using Miles and Hubermen’s model (1984) of qualitative analysis technique. The findings have showed that there were some shifts of social norm occurred on the teenagers in Tanjung Pinang. The teenagers have done so many violations of social norm in society like consuming alcoholic drinks, drugs, and committing free sex. These behaviors occurred because of two factors: internal and external factors.Kota Tanjungpinang merupakan salah satu kota yang berada di Provinsi Kepulauan Riau yang saat ini sedang berkembang, namun memiliki berbagai masalah terkait dengan pergeseran nilai yang terjadi pada generasi mudanya. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini yaitu, Bagaimana pergeseran norma sosial yang terjadi pada remaja di kota Tanjungpinang. Sementara tujuan penelitian ingin melihat bentuk pergeseran norma sosial yang terjadi pada remaja di Kota Tanjungpinang. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian Kualitiatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus, Informan penelitian adalah remaja yang terjaring razia yang dilakukan oleh SATPOL PP Kota Tanjungpinang dalam kurun waktu tahun 2017, Metode pengumpulan data yaitu Wawancara mendalam dan dokumentasi. Sedangkan teknik analisa data menggunakan teknik analisa data kualitatif dengan model Miles dan Hubermen (1984). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa telah terjadi pergeseran norma sosial dikalangan remaja Kota Tanjungpinang dimana mereka telah banyak melakukan pelanggaran norma sosial yang ada dimasyarakat, mulai dari adanya remaja yang mengkosumsi minuman berakohol, menggunakan narkoba, bahkan melakukan seks bebas. Perilaku ini terjadi karna ada faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan pergeseran norma itu terjadi, yaitu faktor secara internal dan eksternal, internal berasal dari dalam diri remaja itu sendiri, sementara eksternal merupakan faktor yang didapat dari luar diri remaja.
Güzel Sanatlar Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Sosyal Medyaya İlişkin Tutumlarının İncelenmesi
Authors: Çiçek Tuncay 
Published: December 2018

Teknolojinin hızla gelişmesi ve onun ürettiği
araçlar ile birlikte toplumsal yaşantınız ve kişiler arası ilişkilerimiz
değişmektedir. Özellikle sosyal medya araçlarıyla ile birlikte rahatlıkla
internette içerik üretici ve aynı zamanda tüketici olduk. Sosyal medya birçok
araştırmanın çalışma konusu olmuştur. Birçok çalışmada, kullanılan sosyal medya
araçları, sosyal medya kullanım süreleri ve etkililiği konuşunda araştırma
yürütülmüş. Sosyal medyanın etkili kullanımına ilişkin öneriler getirilmiştir.
Sosyal medyanın etkili kullanılması
kişilerin sosyal medyaya ilişkin tutumları ile doğrudan ilgilidir. Bu
çalışmada Güzel Sanatlar Fakültesi öğrencilerinin sosyal medyaya ilişkin
tutumlarının nasıl olduğu, cinsiyet, bölüm, yaş ve kullanım sürelerine göre
anlamlı bir farklılaşma olup olmadığı araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada, ölçme
sonuçları normal dağılıma sahip olmadığı için analizler için non-parametrik
testlerden Mann-Whitney U ve Kruskal-Wallis testi kullanıldı. Araştırma
sonuçlarına göre; katılımcıları tutumları düşük ve orta düzeydedir.
Öğrencilerin tutumları cinsiyetlerine, bölümleri ve yaş gruplarına göre
değişmemektedir. Ama öğrencilerin sosyal medyaya ilişkin tutumları onların
günlük sosyal medya kullanım sürelerine göre değişmektedir.