bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engineering and Evolution of Methanol Assimilation inSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Espinosa Monica I. , Gonzalez-Garcia Ricardo A. , Valgepea Kaspar , Plan Manuel , Scott Colin , Pretorius Isak S. , Marcellin Esteban , Paulsen Ian T. , Williams Thomas C. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMicrobial fermentation for chemical production is becoming more broadly adopted as an alternative to petrochemical refining. Fermentation typically relies on sugar as a feedstock, however, one-carbon compounds like methanol are an attractive alternative as they can be derived from organic waste and natural gas. This study focused on engineering methanol assimilation in the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae.Three methanol assimilation pathways were engineered and tested: a synthetic xylulose monophosphate (XuMP), a ‘hybrid’ methanol dehydrogenase-XuMP, and a bacterial ribulose monophosphate (RuMP) pathway, with the latter identified as the most effective at assimilating methanol. Additionally,13C-methanol tracer analysis uncovered a native capacity for methanol assimilation inS. cerevisiae, which was optimized using Adaptive Laboratory Evolution. Three independent lineages selected in liquid methanol-yeast extract medium evolved premature stop codons inYGR067C, which encodes an uncharacterised protein that has a predicted DNA-binding domain with homology to theADR1transcriptional regulator. Adr1p regulates genes involved in ethanol metabolism and peroxisomal proliferation, suggestingYGR067Chas a related function. When one of the evolvedYGR067Cmutations was reverse engineered into the parental CEN.PK113-5D strain, there were up to 5-fold increases in13C-labelling of intracellular metabolites from13C-labelled methanol when 0.1 % yeast extract was a co-substrate, and a 44 % increase in final biomass. Transcriptomics and proteomics revealed that the reconstructedYGR067Cmutation results in down-regulation of genes in the TCA cycle, glyoxylate cycle, and gluconeogenesis, which would normally be up-regulated during growth on a non-fermentable carbon source. Combining the synthetic RuMP and XuMP pathways with the reconstructed Ygr067cp truncation led to further improvements in growth. These results identify a latent methylotrophic metabolism inS. cerevisiaeand pave the way for further development of native and synthetic one-carbon assimilation pathways in this model eukaryote.
Study on shape retention properties of filament/staple fiber composite yarns and fabrics
Authors: Song Juan , Su Xuzhong , Liu Xinjin 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
With the improvement of living standards and acceleration of working pace, the shape retention property of textiles has attracted more attention. Yarn spinning is the first fundamental process in making textiles and apparel, and the properties of yarn influence the performance of textiles directly. Filament/staple fiber composite yarn is a kind of yarn spun by filament and staple fiber, and comprehensive qualities of yarn can be improved. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to study the shape retention properties of filament/staple fiber composite yarns and corresponding fabrics.

Design/methodology/approach
Four kinds of composite yarn, core-spun yarn with one 50D SPH filament feeding, sirofil wrapped yarn with one 50D SPH filament feeding from left, sirofil wrapped yarn with one 50D SPH filament feeding from right, sirofil wrapped yarn with two 25D SPH filaments feeding from two sides, were spun. The qualities of spun yarns were measured. Then, corresponding two kinds of twill fabrics were woven by core-spun yarn and sirofil wrapped yarn with two filaments, respectively. The handle parameters, crease recovery, appearance leveling after washing, dimensional change rate after washing, strength and elongation and tensile elasticity were tested by using corresponding test instruments.

Findings
The tested results of spun yarn qualities show that comparing with the core-spun yarn, the evenness of sirofil wrapped yarn is improved, the hairiness is reduced, and the breaking strength and elongation are increased. Comparing with sirofil wrapped yarn with one filament, the evenness of sirofil wrapped yarn with two filaments is improved. The measured results of fabrics properties show that under the same weaving process, comparing to the fabric woven by core-spun yarn, the dimension of fabric woven by sirofil wrapped yarn is small after desizing, and warp and weft density is large. The possible reason is that the shrinkage of the SPH filament outside the sirofil wrapped yarn happens after desizing, which also makes the dimensional change rate after washing of the corresponding fabric large, and crease recovery poor.

Originality/value
In the paper, for improving the shape retention properties of the pure cotton woven fabric, one kind of SPH filament was added to the woven fabric by spinning filament/staple fiber composite yarns. Four kinds of composite yarn, core-spun yarn with one 50D SPH filament, sirofil wrapped yarn with one 50D SPH filament feeding from the left side, sirofil wrapped yarn with one 50D SPH filament feeding from the right side, sirofil wrapped yarn with two 25D SPH filaments feeding from two sides, were spun. Two kinds of twill fabrics were weaving by core-spun yarn and sirofil wrapped yarn with two filaments, respectively.
The response of root traits to precipitation change of herbaceous species in temperate steppes
Authors: Zhou Meng , Wang Jing , Bai Wenming , Zhang Yushi , Zhang Wen‐Hao 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Plasticity of root traits plays an important role in plant growth and survival under changing climate. Shift in precipitation is one of the most pertinent global change factors driving changes in structure and function of grasslands. However, few studies have investigated intraspecific variation of root traits in response to precipitation change under field conditions.

We conducted a 10‐year simulated increased precipitation experiment in a temperate grassland and a 700‐km regional scale transect along a precipitation gradient ranging from 144.23 to 412.29 mm in northern China. The morphological, chemical and anatomical traits of the first two‐order roots were determined on 15 common herbaceous species in the manipulation experiment and two regionally common species (Leymus chinensis, Artemisia frigida) along a precipitation gradient.

We found that most of the root traits of the herbaceous species exhibited no significant responses to water addition. The two regionally common species adjusted their root traits at sites with the annual precipitation lower than certain value, that is 250 and 160 mm for L. chinensis and A. frigida, respectively. These results indicate that root traits of the herbaceous species exhibit little plasticity in response to precipitation change and that the adjustment of root traits occurs when the range of annual precipitation exceeds a certain threshold.

Root traits of L. chinensis and A. frigida varied differently both in manipulation experiment and along the precipitation gradient. Root traits of L. chinensis were relatively constant, while A. frigida adjusted their morphological root traits in response to water addition. Moreover, L. chinensis showed higher specific root length (SRL) and area, and root N contents at sites with annual precipitation lower than c. 250 mm. In contrast, A. frigida displayed thicker roots with lower SRL and area at sites with annual precipitation lower than c. 160 mm.

Our results showed that root traits of herbaceous species in temperate grasslands exhibited little plasticity and that different species have evolved diverse adaptive strategies in response to precipitation change. These novel findings provide valuable information to predict responses of temperate grasslands to future climate change.
Effects of topography on tropical forest structure depend on climate context
Authors: Muscarella Robert , Kolyaie Samira , Morton Douglas C. , Zimmerman Jess K. , Uriarte María 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTopography affects abiotic conditions which can influence the structure, function and dynamics of ecological communities. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated biological consequences of fine‐scale topographic heterogeneity but we have a limited understanding of how these effects depend on the climate context.We merged high‐resolution (1 m2) data on topography and canopy height derived from airborne lidar with ground‐based data from 15 forest plots in Puerto Rico distributed along a precipitation gradient spanningc. 800–3,500 mm/year. Ground‐based data included species composition, estimated above‐ground biomass (AGB), and two key functional traits (wood density and leaf mass per area, LMA) that reflect resource‐use strategies and a trade‐off between hydraulic safety and hydraulic efficiency. We used hierarchical Bayesian models to evaluate how the interaction between topography × climate is related to metrics of forest structure (i.e. canopy height and AGB), as well as taxonomic and functional alpha‐ and beta‐diversity.Fine‐scale topography (characterized with the topographic wetness index, TWI) significantly affected forest structure and the strength (and in some cases direction) of these effects varied across the precipitation gradient. In all plots, canopy height increased with topographic wetness but the effect was much stronger in dry compared to wet forest plots. In dry forest plots, topographically wetter microsites also had higher levels of AGB but in wet forest plots, topographically drier microsites had higher AGB.Fine‐scale topography influenced functional composition but had only weak or non‐significant effects on taxonomic and functional alpha‐ and beta‐diversity. For instance, community‐weighted wood density followed a similar pattern to AGB across plots. We also found a marginally significant association between variation of wood density and topographic heterogeneity that depended on climate context.Synthesis. The effects of fine‐scale topographic heterogeneity on tropical forest structure and composition depend on the climate context. Our study demonstrates how a stronger integration of topographic heterogeneity across precipitation gradients could improve estimates of forest structure and biomass, and may provide insight to the ways that topography might mediate species responses to drought and climate change.
Plant phylogenetic history explains in‐stream decomposition at a global scale
Authors: LeRoy Carri J. , Hipp Andrew L. , Lueders Kate , Follstad Shah Jennifer J. , Kominoski John S. , Ardón Marcelo , Dodds Walter K. , Gessner Mark O. , Griffiths Natalie A. , Lecerf Antoine , Manning David W. P. , Sinsabaugh Robert L. , Webster Jack R. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEvolutionary history and adaptation to climate shape plant traits. Some include leaf traits that influence litter quality. Thus, evolutionary history should affect litter decomposition, a crucial ecosystem process. In addition, litter decomposition is directly influenced by climate. We consequently expect plant phylogeny, adaptation and climate to jointly influence litter decomposition. These effects and their interactions have yet to be untangled at a global scale.Here we present an analysis of variation in litter decomposition rates in rivers and streams across 285 published studies for 239 species (from ferns to angiosperms) distributed at 494 locations world‐wide. We estimated the relative contributions of climatic conditions and phylogenetic heritage on litter decomposition rates, partitioning phylogenetic from climatic effects at the site and species levels using phylogenetic eigenvector analysis and phylogenetic linear mixed models. In addition, we modelled transitions in decomposition rates under a suite of multiple adaptive‐regime Ornstein–Uhlenbeck models to test the hypothesis that natural selection has shaped clade‐level litter decomposition rates.Leaf litter decomposition rate exhibited a significant phylogenetic signal. Modelling decomposition rate as a function of location, climatic niche and phylogeny consistently recovered phylogeny alone as one of the top models in species‐level analyses. Since many previous studies have focused on the same species across many locations, we also conducted analyses at the species × site level. Both phylogenetic and climatic factors were favoured in models of this analysis, but the single most important predictor for angiosperms and for all taxa analysed together was phylogeny alone.Synthesis.For plant species distributed globally at nearly 500 locations we found that plant phylogenetic history is a critically important predictor of litter decomposition rate in rivers and streams, explaining more of the variance in decomposition than site or climatic regime. Thus, our study demonstrates the influence of evolutionary history on suites of plant traits that shape a key ecosystem process.
The efficacy of amrubicin third‐line chemotherapy in patients with relapsed extensive‐disease small‐cell lung cancer: A retrospective and historical study in a single institute
Authors: Sonehara Kei , Tateishi Kazunari , Fukushima Toshirou , Komatsu Masamichi , Yamamoto Hiroshi , Koizumi Tomonobu , Hanaoka Masayuki 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundThe efficacy of amrubicin for relapsed small‐cell lung cancer (SCLC) has been reported in previous studies. Few reports, however, describe the efficacy and survival benefit of third‐line amrubicin chemotherapy in patients with extensive disease (ED)‐SCLC.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical records of ED‐SCLC patients treated with amrubicin salvage chemotherapy as a third‐line chemotherapy between January 2005 and July 2016 (salvage amrubicin group). The efficacy and toxicities of amrubicin were evaluated. Overall survival (OS) in the amrubicin salvage group was compared with OS among ED‐SCLC patients treated with at least second‐line chemotherapy between May 2000 and July 2016 and without subsequent amrubicin salvage chemotherapy.ResultsA total of 18 patients with a median age of 70 years were analyzed in the amrubicin salvage group. The median number of treatment cycles of amrubicin was four. The response rate was 27.8% (95% confidence interval (CI), 7.1%–48.5%), and the disease control rate (DCR) was 66.7% (95% CI, 44.9%–88.4%). Median progression‐free survival was 2.9 months (95% CI, 1.0–4.9 months), and median OS after an initial chemotherapy was 18.1 months (95% CI, 10.2–26.0 months). OS in the amrubicin salvage group was significantly longer than in the no‐amrubicin group (n = 19; 12.6 months, 95% CI, 11.5–13.8 months, P = 0.005). The frequency of neutropenia greater than grade 3 was 72.2%, with febrile neutropenia developing in 38.9% of patients in the amrubicin salvage group.ConclusionsDespite a high frequency of febrile neutropenia, amrubicin salvage chemotherapy may improve OS in patients with relapsed ED‐SCLC.
Risky driving behaviours among stimulant drug users and the role of aggression: findings from a national survey
Authors: Hayley Amie C. , Hart Carl L. , O'Malley Kate Y. , Stough Con K. K. , Downey Luke A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsStimulant drug users have a greater prevalence of risky driving behaviour. This study aimed to assess how far this association remains after adjusting for aggressiveness.DesignCross‐sectional interview study assessing associations between measures of risky driving behaviours as outcomes, measures of stimulant drug use as predictors and a measure of aggressiveness as a covariate.SettingUnited States.ParticipantsData were drawn from wave 3 (2012–13) of the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC‐III) (n = 36 309 aged ≥ 18 years).MeasurementsStimulant drug use, past‐year DSM‐5 stimulant use disorder, aggression and measures of risky driving were assessed using face‐to‐face interviews conducted using the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule (AUDADIS‐5) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM‐5).FindingsOverall, 2714 (8.3%) respondents indicated life‐time stimulant use, and 112 (0.3%) met criteria for past‐year DSM‐5 stimulant use disorder. More than 10% of ongoing stimulant users and one‐third of respondents with DSM‐5 stimulant use disorder reported stimulant‐specific driving under the influence of drugs (DUID) in the past‐year (both P < 0.0001). Adjusted for demographics and independent of aggression, life‐time stimulant users reported increased likelihood of driving [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 3.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.63–3.42] or speeding under the influence of drugs (aOR = 3.39, 95% CI = 3.01–3.82) and licence revocation (aOR = 2.16, 95% CI = 1.87–2.50) (all P < 0.0001). Past‐year DSM‐5 stimulant use disorder was associated with all outcomes (aOR = 5.48, 95% CI = 2.95–10.18 and aOR = 3.87, 95% CI = 2.23–6.70, respectively, all P < 0.0001), except licence revocation (aOR = 1.72).ConclusionsStimulant use appears to be positively associated with risky driving behaviours after adjusting for aggressiveness.
Incidence and long‐term outcomes of surgically treated childhood hepatic malignancies in Finland
Authors: Tiusanen Toivo , Hukkinen Maria , Leskinen Outi , Soini Tea , Kanerva Jukka A. , Jahnukainen Timo , Mäkisalo Heikki , Heikinheimo Markku , Pakarinen Mikko P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimTo analyse incidence, treatment and outcomes of paediatric liver malignancies in Finland during 1987‐2017.MethodsMedical records and national cancer registry data of 47 children with liver malignancies were reviewed. Survival was calculated with the Kaplan‐Meier method.ResultsDuring follow‐up, liver malignancy incidence remained stable at 1.1:106. Altogether, 42 patients with hepatoblastoma (n = 24), hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 11) and undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma (n = 7) underwent surgery at median age 4.6 (interquartile range, 2.0‐9.6) years and were followed up for 13 (7.0‐19) years. Cumulative 5‐year survival was 86% for hepatoblastoma, 41% for hepatocellular carcinoma and 67% for undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma. Five‐year survival was decreased among hepatoblastoma patients aged ≥ 2.4 years (73% versus 100%, P = .040), with PRETreatment EXTent of disease IV (PRETEXT, 60% vs 100%, P = .004), and with recurrent disease (67% vs 88%, P = .029). Recurrent/residual disease associated with decreased 5‐year survival in hepatocellular carcinoma (0% vs 83%, P = .028). Survival was similar among 19 transplanted and 23 resected patients. In total, 14 deaths occurred either for the underlying malignancy (n = 8), adverse effects of chemotherapy (n = 5) or unrelated reasons (n = 1).ConclusionOutcomes for PRETEXT I‐III hepatoblastoma and un‐metastasized hepatocellular carcinoma were encouraging. Adverse effects of chemotherapy significantly contributed to mortality.
Systematic review of sensory processing in preterm children reveals abnormal sensory modulation, somatosensory processing and sensory‐based motor processing
Authors: Niutanen Ulla , Harra Toini , Lano Aulikki , Metsäranta Marjo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimPreterm birth poses concerns in daily functioning and behaviour in childhood, possibly connected to sensory processing disorder. This review aimed to systematically identify assessments, incidence and nature of sensory processing disorder in preterm‐born infants and children.MethodsWe searched literature through CINAHL‐EBSCOhost, Cochrane, Ovid/PsychINFO, PubMed/Medline, Scopus and Google Scholar, published until November 2018. We included electronically available, peer‐reviewed studies of preterm‐born children that applied standardised sensory processing assessments. We excluded studies of preterm‐born children with major neurodevelopmental impairments.ResultsWe identified 27 studies of premature children, aged from birth to 9 years 7 months. The assessments represented three versions of Sensory Profile questionnaires and three clinical tests, Test of Sensory Functions in Infants, the Miller Assessment for Preschoolers, and the Sensory Integration and Praxis Test. The studies revealed wide variation of atypical sensory processing: 28%‐87% in sensory modulation, 9%‐70% in somatosensory processing and 20%‐70% in sensory‐based motor processing.ConclusionPreterm‐born children exhibited elevated risk for sensory processing disorder from infancy into school age. Routine screening of sensory processing, intervention intervals and parental consultations should be considered in ameliorating sensory processing and neurocognitive development. Moreover, a larger body of intervention studies is needed.
Cochlear implants before 9 months of age led to more natural spoken language development without increased surgical risks
Authors: Karltorp Eva , Eklöf Martin , Östlund Elisabet , Asp Filip , Tideholm Bo , Löfkvist Ulrika 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimEvidence suggests that cochlear implants are beneficial for language development, but there is no consensus about the ideal age for surgery. We investigated how language development and surgical safety were affected by patients’ ages.MethodsThis study comprised 103 children (52 boys) aged 4.3‐16 years who received cochlear implants at 5‐29 months at the Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden, between 2002 and 2013. All showed typical development and were from monolingual homes. Bilateral implants were common (95%). The children were regularly assessed on language understanding, vocabulary and speech recognition by a multi‐disciplinary team for 10.0 ± 3.7 (4.7‐16.0) years.ResultsThere were no associations between complications after surgery and the age when children had their first implant. Children implanted at 5‐11 months reached an age‐equivalent level of language understanding and better vocabulary outcome sooner than subgroups implanted later. Children who had surgery at 12‐29 months demonstrated more atypical and delayed language abilities over time. Early implantation, preferably before 9 months, may lead to a more typical trajectory of spoken language development.ConclusionOur findings showed that cochlear implantation before 9 months was safe. Early implantation may reduce the negative effects of auditory deprivation and promotes more natural and synchronised language development.
Swedish national guideline for prevention and treatment of neonatal hypoglycaemia in newborn infants with gestational age ≥35 weeks
Authors: Wackernagel Dirk , Gustafsson Anna , Edstedt Bonamy Anna‐Karin , Reims Annika , Ahlsson Fredrik , Elfving Maria , Domellöf Magnus , Hansen Pupp Ingrid 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimPostnatal hypoglycaemia in newborn infants remains an important clinical problem where prolonged periods of hypoglycaemia are associated with poor neurodevelopmental outcome. The aim was to develop an evidence‐based national guideline with the purpose to optimise prevention, diagnosis and treatment of hypoglycaemia in newborn infants with a gestational age ≥35 + 0 weeks.MethodsA PubMed search‐based literature review was used to find actual and applicable evidence for all incorporated recommendations. The GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach was used for grading the evidence of the recommendations.ResultsRecommendations for the prevention of neonatal hypoglycaemia were extended and updated, focusing on promotion of breastfeeding as one prevention strategy. Oral dextrose gel as a novel supplemental therapy was incorporated in the treatment protocol. A new threshold‐based screening and treatment protocol presented as a flow chart was developed.ConclusionAn updated and evidence‐based national guideline for screening and treatment of neonatal hypoglycaemia will support standardised regimes, which may prevent hypoglycaemia and the risk for hypoglycaemia‐related long‐term sequelae.