bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ECMO in der Thoraxchirurgie: Grundlagen und Pathophysiologie
Authors: Redwan Bassam , Akil Ali , Freermann Stefan , Fischer Stefan 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungDie extrakorporale Lungenunterstützung (ECLS) stellt heutzutage ein gut etabliertes Verfahren in der Thoraxchirurgie dar. In Abhängigkeit von der respiratorischen und hämodynamischen Situation des Patienten wird die ECLS in verschiedenen Modalitäten eingesetzt. Dies erfordert ein ausreichendes Wissen über die verschiedene ECMO-Modalitäten (ECMO: extrakorporale Membranoxygenierung), Kanülierungswege, zur Verfügung stehendes technisches Equipment und über die pathophysiologischen Grundlagen im Zusammenhang mit derartiger Technologie, um das individuell auf die Patientenbedürfnisse angepasste Verfahren zu wählen. Dementsprechend kann die Therapie je nach klinischer Situation im Verlauf eskaliert bzw. deeskaliert werden.
Picotamide Protects Mice from Death in a Pulmonary Embolism Model by a Mechanism Independent from Thromboxane Suppression
Authors: Gresele Paolo , Corona Cinzia , Alberti Paolo , Nenci Giuseppe G 
Published: September 2018

SummaryWe have previously characterized the new antiplatelet agent picotamide as a dual thromboxane synthase inhibitor/thromboxane A2 receptor antagonist in human platelets. We have now studied the antithrombotic activity of this drug in a simple animal model of lung platelet thromboembolism in the mouse. Picotamide, given i. p. 1 hr before the thrombotic challenge, protected mice from death caused by the i. v. injection of collagen plus epinephrine in a dose-dependent way; the dose reducing mortality by 50% was 277 mg/kg while for aspirin it was 300 mg/ kg. Picotamide was also able to reduce the mortality provoked by the i. v. injection of the stable TxA2 mimetic U46619; BM 13.505, a pure TxA2-receptor blocker, was also effective while aspirin was totally inactive. Picotamide, finally, reduced the lethal consequences of the i. v. injection of a 12.5% suspension of hardened rat red blood cells, a model in which platelets are not involved; aspirin was totally ineffective in this model while nicardipine, a calcium channel blocker, was active. Picotamide did not inhibit the formation of TxB2 in serum at any of the doses tested (100 to 750 mg/kg i.p.) while it did enhance significantly PGI2-synthesis from mice aortae and, even more, from mice lungs. The i.v. administration of picotamide (250 mg/kg 2 min before the thrombotic challenge) lead to a strong inhibition of serum TxB2 (−84.6%) and was associated with a higher antithrombotic effectPicotamide (375 mg/kg) reduced also significantly the drop in the number of circulating platelets and the number of histologi-cally-detected lung thromboemboli provoked by i. v. collagen plus epinephrine; however, aspirin (300 mg/kg), although less effective against mortality, was more active than picotamide in this respect. Finally, the addition of aspirin (100 and 300 mg/kg) to picotamide (250 and 375 mg/kg) led to a better antithrombotic effect despite a strong inhibition of PGI2 synthesis. Our data show that picotamide prevents sudden death provoked in mice by platelet lung thromboembolism through a mechanism largely independent from eicosanoid synthesis and only partially dependent on platelet inhibition. This drug reduces also the lethal consequences of mechanical (platelet-independent) lung embolism. A direct vasodilatory action on pulmonary vessels might explain the protective effects of picotamide in this model.
The Influence of Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty on Parameters of Hemostasis and Fibrinolysis
Authors: Jacob Six A , Melvyn Tjon R , Buys Eugene M , Haas Fred , Hollander-van Zalk Aly , Haverkate Frits 
Published: September 2018

SummaryThe influence of invasive investigations on parameters of hemostasis and fibrinolysis is generally unknown; although this has consequences for the design of prospective studies on the association between those parameters and regression or progression of atherosclerosis. We therefore determined hemostatic and fibrinolytic factors in 12 patients who were admitted to the hospital for coronary angrography (CAG, , = 5) or percutaneous transluminal coronary angroplasty (PRCA; n = 7). Blood samples were drawn under basal circumstances on the day before, the day of and the day after CAG or PTCA. Significant changes occur in the concentrations of platelets and white blood cells, hematocrit (Ht), von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF:ag), antithrombin IIIactivity (AT III-ag), antithrombin Ill-antigen (AT III-ant), fibrinogen, plasminogen, alpha2-antiplasmin (alpha2-Alr),' histidine- rich glycoprotein (HRG), and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAl)-activity. Mean values of beta,thromboglobulin, platelet factor 4, factor vIII: c, tissue-type plasminogen activator activity (t-PA act) and euglobulin clot lysis time (ECLT) do not differ signiticantly. After correction for Ht, no significant differences exist between the day before and the du, of the procedure; but on the day after CAG and prCA significant differences occur in white blood cells, factor VIII: C, AT III-ag, alpha2-AP and PAI-act.It is concluded that principally blood samples for investigations on fibrinolysis may be taken on the day before or the day of CeC or PTCA without a loss of quality, if the values are corrected for Ht- Samples taken on the day after the procedure are not useful for such prrposes.
The Contact-System Dependent Plasminogen Activator from Human Plasma: Identification and Characterization
Authors: Binnema D J , Dooijewaard G , van Iersel J J L , Turion P N C , Kluft C 
Published: September 2018

SummaryApart from tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA), a third PA appears to occur in human plasma. Its activity is initiated when appropriate triggers of the contact system are added, and the activation depends on the presence of factor III and prekallikrein in plasma. The activity of this, so-called, contact-system dependent
PA accounts for 30% of the PA activity in the dextran sulphate euglobulin fraction of plasma and was shown not to be an intrinsic property of one of the contact-system components, nor could it be inhibited by inhibitory antibodies against t-PA or u-PA. We have succeeded in identifying this third PA in dextran sulphate euglobulin fractions of human plasma. Its smallest unit (SDSPAGE) is an inactive 110 kDa single-chain polypeptide which upon activation of the contact system is converted to a cleaved, disulphide-bridged molecule with PA activity. The native form,
presumably, is an oligomer, since the apparent M. on gelchromatography is 600,000. The IEP is 4.8, much lower than that of t-PA and u-PA. Although the active 110 kDa polypeptide cannot be inhibited by anti-u-PA, it yet comprises a 37 kDa piece with some u-PA related antigenic determinants. However, these determinants are in a latent or cryptic form, only detectable after denaturation by SDS. The 110 kDa polypeptide is evidently not a dimer of 55 kDa u-PA or a complex of u-PA with an inhibitor. It is probably a PA derived from a gene quite distinct from that of
t-PA or u-PA, but sharing some homology with u-PA. The physiological role of this contact-system dependent PA remains to be established
Factor XIII Assay by an Isotope Method II. Heparin Inhibition of Factor XIII Activation
Authors: Dvilansky Alexander , Britten Anthony F H. , Loewy Ariel G 
Published: September 2018

SummaryA radioisotope method has been used for measuring factor XIII activity. The incorporation of 14C putrescine into casein is used as a model, substituting for the physiologic transamidation fibrin-fibrin bond.The reaction takes place in two phases, activation of factor XIII by thrombin, and incorporation of 14C putrescine by the active enzyme (transamidase). Heparin inhibits the activation of factor XIII but has no effect upon the active enzyme (transamidase). This heparin effect requires a “co-factor” and does not occur when purified factor XIII is the source of enzyme activity. Protamine sulfate can neutralize the heparin effect if added before the reaction heparin + “co-factor” + thrombin can take place. The heparin inhibition is due to rapid thrombin neutralization, analogous to the heparin anticoagulant effect. Protamine sulfate alone ha s no effect upon either the activation or enzyme phase of factor XIII activity.
Clinical Experience with Secondary Endoscopic Reconstruction of Clival Defects with Extracranial Pericranial Flaps
Authors: Gode Sercan , Lieber Stefan , Nakassa Ana Carolina Igami , Wang Eric W. , Fernandez-Miranda Juan C. , Gardner Paul A. , Snyderman Carl H. 
Published: September 2018

Objectives The aim of this study is to report the clinical outcome of extracranial pericranial flaps (ePCF) used for reconstruction of clival dural defects following failure of primary repair.
Design Retrospective review of skull base database.
Setting Academic medical center.
Participants Patients undergoing reconstruction of clival defects with ePCF following endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES).
Main outcome measures Postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, meningitis, and flap necrosis.
Results Seven patients (five males and two females) who underwent ePCF reconstruction for clival defects following EES were included. All patients (ages 8–64 years) had a postoperative CSF leak due to a failed primary clival reconstruction (five had one, one had two, and one had three failed CSF leak repairs prior to ePCF reconstruction). Nasoseptal and inferior turbinate (lateral nasal wall) flaps were not available for secondary reconstruction due to prior surgeries. The immediate success rate of ePCF for the reconstruction of clival defects in patients with multiple flap failures was 58%. Two patients developed CSF leaks that were successfully repaired endoscopically with the addition of free tissue grafts; one patient had partial flap necrosis that required debridement; none required an additional vascularized flap. Width of the defect, length of the defect, properties of the ePCF, and age did not demonstrate significance (p > 0.05) for adverse outcome.
Conclusion An ePCF is a reconstructive option for high-risk, large clival defects when other local and regional vascularized flaps are not available or fail. ePCFs can be used for reconstruction of clival defects in all populations, including pediatric patients.
Distorção da autopercepção de imagem corporal em adolescentes
Authors: Nogueira-de-Almeida Carlos , Garzella Rafael , Natera Camila , Almeida Ane , Ferraz Ivan , Ciampo Luiz 
Published: September 2018

Introdução Na adolescência, período de aceleração do crescimento e de mudanças corporais, podem ocorrer comportamentos de contestação que tornam o indivíduo vulnerável a preocupações ligadas ao corpo e à aparência.
Objetivo Verificar a presença de distorção da autopercepção da imagem corporal em adolescentes da cidade de Ribeirão Preto, SP.
Métodos Estudo transversal, observacional e analítico. Foram avaliados 343 adolescentes entre 12 e 19 anos pertencentes ao Programa de Informação Profissional (PIP) da Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, SP. Os adolescentes responderam como se consideravam em relação ao seu peso corporal. Foram realizadas medidas antropométricas dos participantes (peso, estatura e índice de massa corporal [IMC]). A presença de distorção da imagem corporal foi avaliada por meio da discrepância entre o IMC diagnosticado pelo profissional e o IMC percebido pelo adolescente.
Resultados Houve prevalência de 41,7% de adolescentes com distorção da imagem corporal, seja por superestimação ou subestimação do tamanho do corpo. Adolescentes do sexo feminino tiveram maiores distorções da percepção da autoimagem. A superestimação da imagem corporal foi maior em adolescentes eutróficos, enquanto a subestimação foi maior em adolescentes obesos e com sobrepeso.
Conclusão Os resultados indicam a necessidade de implantação de políticas públicas e de projetos dentro do âmbito escolar para a prevenção de distúrbios de imagem corporal e de transtornos alimentares, inclusive nos adolescentes eutróficos.
Mammalian STT3A/B oligosaccharyltransferases segregate N-glycosylation at the translocon from lipid-linked oligosaccharide hydrolysis
Authors: Lu Hua , Fermaintt Charles S. , Cherepanova Natalia A. , Gilmore Reid , Yan Nan , Lehrman Mark A. 
Published: September 2018

Significance
Specialized sugar polymers (oligosaccharides) are necessary for life at the protein, organelle, cell, and organism levels. Processes for degrading oligosaccharides enhance their repertoire of functions, but a potential problem is short circuiting between degradation and synthesis. With the endoplasmic reticulum of mammalian cells, we show how lipid-linked oligosaccharides (LLOs) meant for attachment to proteins are segregated from an immunogenic process that involves their degradation to free oligosaccharides. Specifically, the STT3A isoform of oligosaccharyltransferase only transfers oligosaccharides, while the STT3B isoform can hydrolyze LLOs when not preoccupied with attachment of oligosaccharides to protein. This allows cells to perform both important processes in concert, without problems due to competition.
Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of Generic Dolutegravir-containing Antiretroviral Therapy Regimens Among South Indian Human Immunodeficiency Virus-infected Patients
Authors: Kumarasamy Nagalingeswaran , Prabhu Sandeep , Chandrasekaran Ezhilarasi , Poongulali Selvamuthu , Pradeep Amrose , Chitra Devaraj , Balakrishnan Ramasamy , Benson Constance A 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this first study of generic dolutegravir (DTG)-containing regimens in a low-resource setting, we assessed safety, tolerability, and efficacy within a prospective cohort of 564 patients with at least 6 months of clinical follow-up. We provide support for a large-scale transition to DTG as part of first-line regimens.
An exploration of factors influencing inpatient nurses’ care behaviour in an acute hospital setting
Authors: Yau Xinyi Cheryl , Tam Wai San Wilson , Seah Hui Wen Valerie , Siah Chiew Jiat Rosalind 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Objective
To examine factors influencing caring behaviour of nurses in Singapore.

Design
Descriptive correlational study using Care Behaviour Inventory (CBI-24) questionnaire to assess nurses’ perceptions of their caring behaviours.

Setting
Acute tertiary hospital in Singapore.

Participants
A convenience sample of 167 full time registered nurses working in subsidized wards, with more than 1 year of experience in current practising ward were recruited.

Main outcome measure(s)
Nurses’ perception of their caring behaviours.

Results
Data analysis yielded a mean CBI score of 123.11 out of 144, indicating that nurses had a positive perception of their caring behaviours. Among the 4 CBI subscales, Respectfulness and Connectedness components of CBI were ranked the lowest with a mean score of 4.2 and 4.9, respectively. This indicated that although nurses generally performed adequate caring during patient care, they appeared to be lacking in the expressive aspect of caring. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were found among subgroups of nationality, ethnicity, religion and education level. Nurses’ perception of their caring behaviours was positively correlated to their age and total working experience. Linear regression showed that age, religion, education level positively influenced nurses’ perception of their caring behaviours.

Conclusion
Findings from this study raise awareness to the caring behaviours that nurses were lacking in and also offer valuable insights to the potential factors influencing nurses’ caring behaviours. This information serves as a foundational knowledge to guide the development of interventions aimed to promote patient-centred care and improve quality of future nursing care.
Trends in anesthesiology research: a machine learning approach to theme discovery and summarization
Authors: Rusanov Alexander , Miotto Riccardo , Weng Chunhua 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectivesTraditionally, summarization of research themes and trends within a given discipline was accomplished by manual review of scientific works in the field. However, with the ushering in of the age of “big data,” new methods for discovery of such information become necessary as traditional techniques become increasingly difficult to apply due to the exponential growth of document repositories. Our objectives are to develop a pipeline for unsupervised theme extraction and summarization of thematic trends in document repositories, and to test it by applying it to a specific domain.MethodsTo that end, we detail a pipeline, which utilizes machine learning and natural language processing for unsupervised theme extraction, and a novel method for summarization of thematic trends, and network mapping for visualization of thematic relations. We then apply this pipeline to a collection of anesthesiology abstracts.ResultsWe demonstrate how this pipeline enables discovery of major themes and temporal trends in anesthesiology research and facilitates document classification and corpus exploration.DiscussionThe relation of prevalent topics and extracted trends to recent events in both anesthesiology, and healthcare in general, demonstrates the pipeline’s utility. Furthermore, the agreement between the unsupervised thematic grouping and human-assigned classification validates the pipeline’s accuracy and demonstrates another potential use.ConclusionThe described pipeline enables summarization and exploration of large document repositories, facilitates classification, aids in trend identification. A more robust and user-friendly interface will facilitate the expansion of this methodology to other domains. This will be the focus of future work for our group.
ADP-heptose is a pathogen-associated molecular pattern of Shigella flexneri infection
Authors: García-Weber Diego , Dangeard Anne-Sophie , Cornil Johan , Thai Linda , Rytter Héloise , Mulard Laurence A. , Arrieumerlou Cécile 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTDuring an infection, the detection of pathogens is mediated through interactions between pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and pathogen recognition receptors. β-Heptose 1,7-bisphosphate (βHBP), a metabolite of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis pathway, was recently identified as a PAMP of gram-negative bacteria. It was reported that βHBP sensing leads within minutes to oligomerization of the protein TIFA, a mechanism controlling NF-κB activation and pro-inflammatory gene expression. Here, we compared the ability of chemically synthesized βHBP and Shigella flexneri lysate to induce TIFA oligomerization in epithelial cells. In contrast to lysate, we found that βHBP fails to trigger rapid oligomerization of TIFA. βHBP only induces delayed signaling, suggesting that it has to be processed intracellularly to induce inflammation. By dissecting the LPS biosynthesis pathway with deletion mutants and functional complementation experiments, we show that ADP-D-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose and ADP-L-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose are the bacterial metabolites responsible for rapid TIFA oligomerization, and that they strongly induce interleukin-8 expression during S. flexneri infection. Altogether, our results rule out a major role of βHBP in S. flexneri infection and identify ADP-heptose as a new PAMP.
Coordinate based meta-analysis of networks in neuroimaging studies
Authors: Tench CR , Tanasescu Radu , Constantinescu CS , Auer DP , Cottam WJ 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMeta-analysis of published neuroimaging results is commonly performed using coordinate based meta-analysis (CBMA). Most commonly CBMA algorithms detect spatial clustering of reported coordinates across multiple studies by assuming that results relating to the common hypothesis fall in similar anatomical locations. The null hypothesis is that studies report uncorrelated results, which is simulated by random coordinates. It is assumed that multiple clusters are independent yet it is likely that multiple results reported per study are not, and in fact represent a network effect. Here the multiple reported effect sizes (reported peak Z scores) are assumed multivariate normal, and maximum likelihood used to estimate the parameters of the covariance matrix. The hypothesis is that the effect sizes are correlated. The parameters are covariance of effect size, considered as edges of a network, while clusters are considered as nodes. In this way coordinate based meta-analysis of networks (CBMAN) estimates a network of reported meta-effects, rather than multiple independent effects (clusters).CBMAN uses only the same data as CBMA, yet produces extra information in terms of the correlation between clusters. Here it is validated on numerically simulated data, and demonstrated on real data used previously to demonstrate CBMA. The CBMA and CBMAN clusters are similar, despite the very different hypothesis.
The Soft Vertex Classification for Active Module Identification Problem
Authors: Alexeev Nikita , Isomurodov Javlon , Korotkevich Gennady , Sergushichev Alexey 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMotivationIntegrative network methods are commonly used for interpretation of high-throughput experimental biological data: transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and others. One of the common approaches consists in finding a connected subnetwork of a global interaction network that best encompasses significant individual changes in the data and represents a so-called active module. Usually methods implementing this approach find a single subnetwork and thus solve a hard classification problem for vertices. This subnetwork inherently contains erroneous vertices, while no instrument is provided to estimate the confidence level of any particular vertex inclusion. To address this issue, in the current study we consider the active module problem as a soft classification problem. We propose a method to estimate probabilities of each vertex to belong to the active module based on Markov chain Monte Carlo subnetwork sampling.ResultsThe proposed method allows to estimate the probability that an individual vertex belongs to the active module as well as the false discovery rate (FDR) for a given set of vertices. Given the estimated probabilities, it becomes possible to provide a connected subgraph in a consistent manner for any given FDR level: no vertex can disappear when the FDR level is relaxed. We show on simulated dataset that the proposed method has good computational performance and high classification accuracy. As an example of the performance of our method on real data, we run it on a protein-protein interaction network together with a gene expression DLBCL dataset. The results are consistent with the previous studies while, at the same time, the proposed approach is more flexible. Source code is available at https://github.com/ctlab/mcmcRanking under MIT licence.