bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MCFC-Based System for Active CO2 Capture From Flue Gases
Authors: Carapellucci Roberto , Cipollone Roberto , Di Battista Davide 
Published: January 2019

Carbon dioxide emissions reduction in the atmosphere is the major driver of technological innovations, in particular in energy and industrial sectors. Those sectors are dominated by the use of fossil fuels whose main concern on the combustion gases is the presence of CO2. Their emission in atmosphere accumulates Carbon, the main cause of global warming. The only way to continue to make reference to fossil fuel in the medium-long term and to avoid the carbon accumulation in the atmosphere is to use technologies capable to capture and sequester the carbon in the flue gases (CCS). In the sector of electricity production, several technologies have been proposed for the capture CO2, including absorption, adsorption, cryogenic distillation or membrane separation. All of them offer flexibility and easiness of application, but they need external energy to operate. On the other hand, particular interest is reversed to those technological options that are able to remove CO2 without energy consumption; even more attention is reserved to those technologies which, suitably integrated with other conversion systems, can produce electrical energy at the same time, so increasing the electricity production with respect to the original plant. They are defined active systems and one of these is represented by Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells (MCFCs). In fact, MCFCs are fuel cell capable to concentrate CO2 at anode exhaust, making easier its capture, separation and storage and in parallel to contribute to the electricity production.
In this paper, a comprehensive model of the MCFC is used to assess the opportunity related to its use as a CO2 remover from a flue gas as a CCS active device, without energy penalties related to traditional carbon capture methods (MEA, pre and post-combustion, oxy-combustion, etc.). Hence, it has been integrated in a wider system with auxiliary components: compressors to overcome pressure drops, steam generator (also using heat recovered from MCFC exhausts) for fuel dilution, fresh air integration in cathode inlet section, heat exchangers for thermal management and recovery. A CO2 compression and drying section has been considered and represented as a multi-step intercooled compression.
The so-defined system can be used as a plug-in device able to be coupled to flue gases with different compositions and thermodynamic operating parameters (temperature, pressure, flow rates). Finally, it has been applied to a case study (a Natural Gas Combined Cycle power plant - NGCC) and the performance of the MCFC in terms of CO2 removal capacity, electrical power generation and size have been evaluated as well the energetic and environmental impact on the reference NGCC power plant.
Full Frontal Impact Comparison of Steel and Carbon Fiber Composite Front Bumper Crush Can (FBCC) Structures
Authors: Dixit Y. , Begeman P. , Newaz G. , Board D. , Chen Y. , Faruque O. 
Published: January 2019

This study compares the deformation characteristics of steel and carbon fiber composite (CFC) front bumper crush can (FBCC) assemblies when subjected to a full-overlap frontal impact into a rigid wall. Both the steel and composite bumper tests were conducted using a sled-on-sled testing method. Several high-speed cameras (HSCs) and accelerometers were used to gather kinematics data. The applied forces were measured using a load cell wall. For each test, the collective set of data was filtered, sorted, and analyzed to compare the performance of the steel and CFC bumpers.
Similarities in Acceleration-Time plots suggested resemblance in the deformation patterns for both types of bumper systems. The difference observed in the velocity and displacement time-histories was because of the brittle nature of the composite material. The velocity-time history of the CFC FBCC had two distinct patterns, events suggesting adhesive bond failure between the bumper beam and the crush cans, which was validated through video tracking. Post-impact photographs showed a clear difference between the material behavior of composite and steel bumpers when subjected to high-velocity impact. The steel bumper beam was bent uniformly with intact, equally crushed crush cans. The composite beam was cracked in the middle and was detached from the crush cans.
A Variational Derivation of Equations of Motion With Contact Constraints Using SE(3)
Authors: Murakami Hidenori , Ono Takeyuki 
Published: January 2019

For rigid-body systems subjected to non-holonomic constraints, a streamlined method is presented to derive a minimum number of analytical equations of motion. To illustrate the method, a rolling disk problem is considered.
In kinematics, an orthonormal coordinate system is attached to the center of mass together with additional coordinate systems introduced to define the connection path. For each coordinate system, a moving frame is defined by explicitly writing the coordinate vector basis and the position vector of the origin, whereby the attitude of the coordinate vector basis and the coordinates of the origin are compactly stored in a 4 × 4 frame connection matrix of the special Euclidean group, SE(3).
Contact velocity constraints are transformed to pfaffians to obtain the associated variational constraints.
In kinetics, the principle of virtual work is employed. The desired equations of motion are obtained by expressing the translational and angular velocities at the center of mass as the linear functions of the generalized velocities with the coefficients stored in [B]-matrix, and reducing it to [B*]-matrix after incorporating the contact constraints.
The method can be easily extended to multi-body systems with both holonomic and non-holonomic constraints.
Integrity Evaluation of Composite Cylindrical Structures
Authors: Du Jikai 
Published: January 2019

The application of composite material in structures can not only lower the component weight but also improve the system performance through its tailorable thermal and mechanical properties. However, because of the harsh environmental conditions that such structures may encounter during operation, the successful applications of such structures cannot be realized without appropriate techniques for their structural integrity evaluation.
In this study, composite cylindrical structures consisting of composite and steel layers are being evaluated with X-ray diffraction technique and various ultrasound techniques. First, X-ray diffraction technique was applied for the quantitative determination of the residual stress in the steel layer. The influence of composite layer on the stress distribution was analyzed and how such residual stress study will improve the performance of the structure was discussed. Then various ultrasound techniques were applied for the detection of various defects, such as the defects at the surface and subsurface of inner steel layer, the different types of defects in the outer composite layer, and the defect, which is the most critical one, at the interface of steel/composite layer. During ultrasound evaluation, the composite material may not only increase the ultrasound attenuation but also change ultrasound traveling direction, and this can make the inspection more challenging. Theoretical calculations were carried out for the optimization of experimental parameters such as ultrasound frequency, incident angle, and focused ultrasound field calculation and so on. The limitations of ultrasound technique and the potential of other non-destructive techniques were also discussed according to experimental results.
Experimental Investigation on the Vibration and Noise Characteristics of the Vibration Damping Alloy Material
Authors: Ji Xiang , Chen Yong , Liu Hai , Yu Hanzhengnan , Wei Changyin , Yan Zhibiao 
Published: January 2019

Due to the stricter roles of the government and the higher requirement of a comfortable automobile, the NVH (Noise Vibration and Harshness) performance of vehicles has become one of the most important traits at the automobile market. Considering the cost, it is more economical and practical to improve the NVH performance by using the vibration-isolating or noise-reducing materials. Vibration damping alloy as one of the new material has a promising prospect due to its great damping characteristics.
In this paper, the vibration-isolating and noise-reducing performances of the vibration damping alloy have been experimentally investigated in a semi-anechoic room. Frequency response function test has been carried with the test rod made of vibration damping alloy and 45 steel to calculate the damping ratio of the two materials based on the half-power bandwidth method. The radiation noise characteristics of the two test rods under different excitation forces have also been evaluated.
Conclusions drawn from the experiment suggested that the damping ratio of 45 steel rod were 0.0125 in vertical axial direction and 0.0165 in axial direction. While, the damping ratio of vibration damping alloy rod were 0.0236 in vertical axial direction and 0.0234 in axial direction, 89% and 42% higher than the 45 steel sample, respectively. With the increase of the exciting force, the radiation noise increased for both two materials, and the radiation noise level of the vibration damping alloy rod was much lower than 45 steel rod. And the difference between these two materials remained unchanged with the increase of exciting force. In addition, the duration of noise attenuation for vibration damping alloy rod was much shorter than the 45 steel.
Prediction of Gas Permeation in Polymeric Materials Used in Oil and Gas Industry
Authors: Nassr Nooshin , Siddique Zahed 
Published: January 2019

An Arrhenius relationship is employed to develop a model for prediction of gas permeation in the polymeric materials. A permeation cell was designed to measure the gas permeation. The permeation of Helium was examined over a range of low to high temperature and pressure conditions. The results of the experiments were used to verify the accuracy of the prediction model.
The obtained model was successful in predicting gas permeation rate at two different pressures. The results showed that pressure’s effect is insignificant on models. The predicted results for different pressure were close, and both models can be used to obtain an approximation for gas permeation rate for the examined material where no experimental data exists.
Photosensitivity of Monolayer Graphene-Base Field Effect Transistor
Authors: Goundar Jowesh Avisheik , Suzuki Ken , Miura Hideo 
Published: January 2019

The optical properties and device physics of monolayer graphene under light is investigated in this study. In order to understand the change of the electronic behavior of graphene under light, it was necessary to study from the most fundamental layer with high quality. Thus, it became mandatory to develop a highly efficient, low-cost fabrication process for synthesis of high-quality monolayer graphene. The high-quality monolayer graphene was grown on a copper foil using a low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LP-CVD) method at temperature of 1035°C for 10 minutes. Acetylene was used as the precursor gas for the synthesis of monolayer graphene. Thin Pt/Au films were, then, deposited on a silicon dioxide/silicon (SiO2/Si) substrate using electron beam (EB) lithography which served as source and drain electrodes of a transistor. The synthesized graphene was, then, transferred to a SiO2/Si substrate using PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate)-assisted method.
The quality of the synthesized graphene was validated using Raman spectroscopy. No significant D peak was observed in the Raman spectra of the synthesized graphene. This result validated the high quality of the transferred graphene. Next, the photo-sensitivity of G-FET was investigated under light source of color temperature of 2856 K at room temperature. The electron transfer characteristic of the fabricated G-FET was measured under dark and light illumination conditions. Finally, the graphene-based field effect transistor G-FET demonstrated an external photo responsivity of about 200 μA/W with a maximum photocurrent attained to be 0.2 μA at an incident luminance power of 1 mW. The active detection region of this sample was 1000 × 60 μm2.
Effective Property Estimation of CMC Minicomposites Considering Porosity
Authors: Nagaraja Abhilash M. , Gururaja Suhasini 
Published: January 2019

Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) are a promising subclass of composite materials suitable for high temperature applications. CMCs exhibit multiple damage mechanisms such as matrix cracking, interphase debonding, fiber sliding, fiber pullout, delaminations etc. Additionally, process induced defects such as matrix porosity exists at multiple length scales and has a considerable influence on the mechanical and failure behavior of CMCs. In the current work, the effect of intra-tow porosity, which exist at the micro-scale, on the mechanical behavior of CMCs has been investigated by numerical homogenization.
Micro-scale response of 3 phase CMCs with intra tow pores has been obtained by finite element analysis based homogenization. Pores have been modeled as non-intersecting ellipsoids in a square unit cell representative of matrix material. The effective mechanical properties of porous matrix at the micro scale has been obtained from numerical homogenization, which are in good agreement with Mori-Tanaka mean field theory. The obtained matrix elastic properties have then been included in a three phase unit cell consisting of fiber, interphase and matrix representative of CMC microstructure. The effect of porosity volume fraction and aspect ratio on the effective elastic properties of the composite have been reported. Homogenization approach to model statistical distribution of pore size obtained from X-ray computed tomography of CMC minicomposite has been proposed.
Compliance Effect on the Flow Condition in Vascular In Vitro Experiments
Authors: Matsuura Masami , Tupin Simon , Ohta Makoto 
Published: January 2019

Endovascular treatment has become the standard for intracranial aneurysm management. In vitro systems including an artery model are required for devices evaluation and clinician training. Although silicone is usually use for such model, its compliance is known to be lower than blood vessels. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of model material compliance on flow properties.
Silicone and 12 [wt%] poly (vinyl alcohol) hydrogel (PVA-H) were used to create two box-shaped models of significantly different compliance. The inner lumen geometry was a 4 [mm] diameter straight tube (parent vessel) and a 10 [mm] diameter sphere representing the aneurysm. A blood-mimicking fluid made of a mixture of glycerin, water and sodium iodide was used to reproduce the viscosity and density of blood and fit models refractive index. The circulation system consisted of a pulsatile blood pump and resistance valve. A flow rate of 250±50 [ml/min] and pressure from 75 to 115 [mmHg] were set inside the model. Pressure and flow rate sensors were used to monitor flow conditions before and after the model. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) was performed to record the difference of flow patterns inside the aneurysm of both model using a Nd:YAG solid laser system and fluorescent particles.
Results revealed a significant change of flow conditions due to model compliance. Attenuation of the flow rate pulse was recorded between the inlet and the outlet of the both model. This attenuation was 51% for PVA-H model. Moreover, a time lag between outlet pressure and outlet flow rate curves was recorded in both model. This time lag was longer with the PVA-H model, as this model exhibit a greater compliance.
PIV experiments revealed significant changes of flow patterns and velocity inside the aneurysm. Because of its high compliance, PVA-H model walls moved under the pulsatile conditions. A change of flow direction and decrease of its velocity were observed near the proximal wall of the aneurysm, compared to the silicone model. Such differences might modify the stress on the wall of the aneurysm.
To conclude, our experiments revealed that compliance has significant impacts on flow properties and should be taken into account for in vitro vascular model manufacturing.
Collaborative Multidisciplinary Engineering Design Experiences in IoT (Internet of Things) for Teachers Through Summer Research Site Program
Authors: Karbalaei Alireza , Turgut Damla , Dagley Melissa , Vasquez Eleazar , Cho Hyoung J. 
Published: January 2019

The objective of the NSF RET (Research Experiences for Teachers) site program hosted by the University of Central Florida is to provide K-12 teachers with a hands-on engineering design experience covering all aspects of the Internet of Things, from the manufacturing of a sensor, to the hardware and software that allows it to connect to the Internet. This program gives teachers learning opportunities to explore the practical use of science for engineering applications, and provide a context in which students in their classroom can test their own scientific knowledge as they recognize the interplay among science, engineering and technology. The uniqueness of this site program lies in the engagement of teachers in various facets of scientific, engineering, and educational methods based on Train-the-Trainer model with rotation in multiple research labs. In order to support the STEM educational services for teachers and students in middle and high schools, our site program aims at creating competent teacher trainers who ensure quality pre-service and in-service teacher education, by providing multidisciplinary experiences that are relevant to the current technical development. Teachers in the adjacent public school districts are primary participants in this site program. Significant efforts have been made to recruit teachers serving underrepresented student populations, and female and minority teachers who can reach out to them.
In our RET site program, the participants rotated to four different laboratories with a 1.5–3 week residency in each, where they learned about the practice of engineering in various disciplines at the research laboratories on the university campus under the guidance of faculty and graduate mentors. The teachers presented their learning outcomes in the final week and were invited back to share their educational implementation experiences in their classes. This site program provided teachers with interdisciplinary engineering design experiences relevant to innovative technical development, and helped them develop teacher-driven teaching modules that can be deployed in the classroom.
Electrokinetic Remediation of Contaminated Soils With Chromium
Authors: Ribeiro A. , Vilarinho C. , Araújo J. , Carvalho J. 
Published: January 2019

Soil is a vital natural resource that regulates our environment sustainability and provide essential resources to humans and nature. Nowadays, with an increasingly populated and urbanized world, pollution is widely recognized as a significant challenge to soil and groundwater resources management. The most common chemicals found in soils and water plumb in a dissolved state and considered as potential pollutants are heavy metals, dyes, phenols, detergents, pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and others organic substances, such as organic matter. Unlike organic contaminants, heavy metals are not biodegradable and tend to accumulate in living organisms and many heavy metal ions are known to be toxic or carcinogenic. Toxic heavy metals of particular concern zinc, copper, nickel, mercury, cadmium, lead and chromium. Electrokinetic remediation deserves particular attention in soil treatment due to its peculiar advantages, including the capability of treating fine and low permeability materials, and achieving consolidation, dewatering and removal of salts and inorganic contaminants like heavy metals in a single stage.
In this study, the remediation of artificially chromium contaminated soil by electrokinetic process, coupled with Eggshell Inorganic Fraction Powder (EGGIF) permeable reactive barrier (PRB), was investigated. An electric field of 2 V cm−1 was applied and was used an EGGIF/soil ratio of 30 g kg−1 of contaminated soil for the preparation of the permeable reactive barrier (PRB) in each test.
Results proved that the study of chromium mobility revealed the predominance in its transportation through the soil towards the anode, due essentially to the existence of chromium in the form of oxyanions (chromate and dichromate), which confers a negative charge to the molecule. Chromium removal by electrokinetic remediation was faster in low levels of concentration and the utilization of citric acid as buffer and complexing agent allowed to maintain pH of soil below the precipitation limit for this element. It was obtained high removal rates of chromium in both experiments, especially near the anode. In the normalized distance to cathode of 0.8 it was achieved a maximum removal rate of chromium of 55, 59 and 60% in initial chromium concentration of 500 mg kg−1, 250 mg kg−1 and 100 mg kg−1, respectively.
The viability of the new coupling technology developed (electrokinetic with EGGIF permeable reactive barrier) to treat low-permeability polluted soils was demonstrated. Based on the proved efficiency, this remediation technique has to be optimized and applied to real soils in order to validate it as a large-scale solution.
Modelling and Design of an Airship Crane
Authors: Azouz Naoufel , Khamlia Mahmoud , Benabdallah Fida , Guesmi Fatma 
Published: January 2019

This paper presents the design and the dynamic modeling of a Smart Crane called CHAYASC, designed to equip wide-body airship, which has to carry out loading and unloading operations from a certain altitude. The main function of this crane is to lift, stabilize, maneuver and position large loads by having precise control of the position and orientation of these loads according to the six degrees of freedom.
The CHAYASC is based in particular on a Cable Driven Parallel Manipulator and will have a dual mission: 1) deposit and arrange the containers in the hold of the airship, 2) lift and stabilize the containers suspended during a sudden movement of the airship under the effect of a gust of wind.