bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of endotoxin‐core antibodies in dried blood spots as a measure of environmental enteropathy and intestinal permeability
Authors: Hoke Morgan K. , McCabe Kimberly A. , Miller Aaron A. , McDade Thomas W. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo validate a method for measuring endotoxin‐core antibodies (EndoCAb) from dried blood spots (DBS)—drops of capillary whole blood collected and dried on filter paper—as an indicator of environmental enteropathy (EE) in infancy and early childhood.MethodsA commercially available enzyme immunoassay kit was adapted for use with DBS, with optimized steps for sample elution. Technical validation included analysis of linearity/recovery, precision and reliability, lower limit of detection, and correspondence between matched plasma and DBS samples. Validation in a field‐based setting was implemented with samples from Peruvian infants (n = 82; age = 2–33 months) collected at two time points six months apart.ResultsA high correspondence between plasma and DBS levels of EndoCAb was observed (R2 = 0.93, P < .001). The lower limit of detection was found to be 0.01 GMU/mL. Interassay coefficient of variation (CV) was 10.9% and 8.06% for low and high controls, respectively. Mean intra‐assay CVs were 3.22% and 1.83%, respectively. In a sample of Peruvian infants, EndoCAb levels increased with age as expected (P < .001). Age explained nearly 34.6% of the variance in EndoCAb across the sample.ConclusionThese findings demonstrate the validity and feasibility of measuring EndoCAb in remote field settings using minimally invasive DBS sampling.
An overview of health and safety in the Colorado cannabis industry
Authors: Walters Kevin M. , Fisher Gwenith G. , Tenney Liliana 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundUnderstanding worker health and safety in the rapidly growing legal U.S. cannabis industry is important. Although little published research exists, workers may be exposed to biological, chemical, and physical hazards. This study investigated the Colorado cannabis industry workforce and both physical and psychosocial hazards to worker health and safety.MethodsTwo hundred and fourteen Colorado cannabis workers completed an online survey after in‐person and online recruitment. Participants answered questions about their occupation, job tasks, general well‐being, occupational health and safety, cannabis use, and tobacco use.ResultsColorado cannabis workers were generally job secure and valued safety. However, they regularly consumed cannabis, expressed low concerns about workplace hazards, reported some occupational injuries and exposures, and reported inconsistent training practices.ConclusionsWorking in the cannabis industry is associated with positive outcomes for workers and their organizations, but there is an imminent need to establish formal health and safety training to implement best practices.
Von funktionellen Flüssigkristallen zur nächsten Generation von Materialien
Authors: Kato Takashi , Uchida Junya , Ichikawa Takahiro , Sakamoto Takeshi 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSeit der Entdeckung des flüssigkristallinen Zustandes im Jahr 1888 wurden Flüssigkristalle unter Einsatz verschiedener Technologien in unterschiedlichen Disziplinen eingehend erforscht. In letzter Zeit wurden dank der Fortschritte bei Synthese‐ und Charakterisierungsmethoden ein neuartiges Moleküldesign und neue selbstorganisierte Strukturen entwickelt. Für diese Flüssigkristalle, deren neuartige Funktionen und Eigenschaften sich von ihren Nanostrukturen und ihrer Ausrichtung ableiten, wurde eine Vielzahl möglicher Anwendungen vorgeschlagen, etwa im Energietransport, in Trennverfahren für die Umwelttechnik, als Sensoren, Aktuatoren oder Template sowie auf der Grundlage von Farbänderungen oder elektrooptischen Effekten. Dieser Aufsatz präsentiert die neuesten Fortschritte bei Flüssigkristallen, die zu einer neuen Generation von Materialien führen könnten.
Synthesis of Crystalline Porous Organic Salts with High Proton Conductivity
Authors: Xing Guolong , Yan Tingting , Das Saikat , Ben Teng , Qiu Shilun 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSelf‐assembled crystalline porous organic salts (CPOSs) formed by an acid–base combination and with one‐dimensional polar channels containing water molecules have been synthesized. The water content in the channels of the porous salts plays an important role in the proton conduction performance of the materials. The porous salts described in this study feature high proton conductivity at ambient conditions and can reach as high as 2.2×10−2 S cm−1 at 333 K and under high humid conditions. This is among the best conductivity values reported to date for porous materials, for example, metal–organic frameworks and hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks. These materials exhibiting permanent porosity represent a group of porous materials and may find interesting applications in proton‐exchange membrane fuel cells.
Engineering Fast Ion Conduction and Selective Cation Channels for a High‐Rate and High‐Voltage Hybrid Aqueous Battery
Authors: Liu Chunyi , Wang Xusheng , Deng Wenjun , Li Chang , Chen Jitao , Xue Mianqi , Li Rui , Pan Feng 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe rechargeable aqueous metal‐ion battery (RAMB) has attracted considerable attention due to its safety, low costs, and environmental friendliness. Yet the poor‐performance electrode materials lead to a low feasibility of practical application. A hybrid aqueous battery (HAB) built from electrode materials with selective cation channels could increase the electrode applicability and thus enlarge the application of RAMB. Herein, we construct a high‐voltage K–Na HAB based on K2FeFe(CN)6 cathode and carbon‐coated NaTi2(PO4)3 (NTP/C) anode. Due to the unique cation selectivity of both materials and ultrafast ion conduction of NTP/C, the hybrid battery delivers a high capacity of 160 mAh g−1 at a 0.5 C rate. Considerable capacity retention of 94.3 % is also obtained after 1000 cycles at even 60 C rate. Meanwhile, high energy density of 69.6 Wh kg−1 based on the total mass of active electrode materials is obtained, which is comparable and even superior to that of the lead acid, Ni/Cd, and Ni/MH batteries.
Mild Friedel–Crafts Reactions inside a Hexameric Resorcinarene Capsule: C−Cl Bond Activation through Hydrogen Bonding to Bridging Water Molecules
Authors: La Manna Pellegrino , Talotta Carmen , Floresta Giuseppe , De Rosa Margherita , Soriente Annunziata , Rescifina Antonio , Gaeta Carmine , Neri Placido 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA novel catalytic feature of a hexameric resorcinarene capsule is highlighted. The self‐assembled cage was exploited to promote the Friedel–Crafts benzylation of several arenes and heteroarenes with benzyl chloride under mild conditions. Calculations showed that there are catalytically relevant hydrogen‐bonding interactions between the bridging water molecules of the capsule and benzyl chloride, which is fundamental for the activation of the C−Cl bond. The capsule controls the reaction outcome. Inside the inner cavity of the capsule, N‐methylpyrrole is preferentially benzylated in the unusual β‐position while mesitylene reacts faster than 1,3‐dimethoxybenzene despite the greater π‐nucleophilicity of the latter compound.
Nicht‐kanonische RNA‐Nukleoside als molekulare Fossilien einer frühen Erde – Generierung durch präbiotische Methylierungen und Carbamoylierungen
Authors: Schneider Christina , Becker Sidney , Okamura Hidenori , Crisp Antony , Amatov Tynchtyk , Stadlmeier Michael , Carell Thomas 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDie RNA‐Welt‐Hypothese besagt, dass das Leben auf der Erde mit kleinen RNA‐Molekülen begann, die in der Lage waren, sich selbst zu replizieren. Grundlegend für diese Hypothese ist der präbiotische Zugang zu RNA‐Polymeren. Heutige RNA besteht nicht nur aus den vier kanonischen Nukleosiden, sondern darüber hinaus aus vielen chemisch modifizierten RNA‐Bausteinen. Ob diese nicht‐kanonischen Nukleoside parallel zu den kanonischen Nukleosiden (chemischer Ursprung) oder später gebildet wurden (biologischer Ursprung), ist noch immer ungeklärt. Hier wird gezeigt, dass Isocyanate in Kombination mit Natriumnitrit methylierende und carbamoylierende Bedingungen schaffen, die kompatibel mit den Voraussetzungen auf der frühen Erde sind. Diese Reaktionen führen zur Bildung methylierter und Aminosäure‐modifizierter Nukleoside, die heute in der Biologie zu finden sind. Die Daten liefern ein plausibles Szenario für den chemischen Ursprung bestimmter nicht‐kanonischer Nukleoside, was darauf hindeutet, dass sie Fossilien der frühen Erde sein könnten.
Conjugated Dienyne‐Imides as Robust Precursors of 1‐Azatrienes for 6π Electrocyclizations to Furo[2,3‐b]dihydropyridine Cores
Authors: Wan Yanjun , Zheng Xuchun , Ma Cheng 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA novel strategy to generate functionalized 1‐azatriene intermediates for 6π electrocyclizations was developed by using readily accessible dienyne‐imides and various terminal olefins under PdII catalysis. Taking advantage of the sequential cooperation between preloaded and incorporated functional handles at 1,3‐dien‐5‐yne skeletons, this method not only enables the selective generation of putative 1‐azatrienes but significantly accelerates their thermal 6π‐electrocyclic ring‐closure processes to a series of highly substituted furo[2,3‐b]dihydropyridine derivatives in good yields.
Strain‐Promoted Cycloaddition of Cyclopropenes with o‐Quinones: A Rapid Click Reaction
Authors: Gahtory Digvijay , Sen Rickdeb , Kuzmyn Andriy R. , Escorihuela Jorge , Zuilhof Han 
Published: March 2018

AbstractNovel click reactions are of continued interest in fields as diverse as bio‐conjugation, polymer science and surface chemistry. Qualification as a proper “click” reaction requires stringent criteria, including fast kinetics and high conversion, to be met. Herein, we report a novel strain‐promoted cycloaddition between cyclopropenes and o‐quinones in solution and on a surface. We demonstrate the “click character” of the reaction in solution and on surfaces for both monolayer and polymer brush functionalization.
Enantioselective Denitrogenative Annulation of 1H‐Tetrazoles with Styrenes Catalyzed by Rhodium
Authors: Nakamuro Takayuki , Hagiwara Kohei , Miura Tomoya , Murakami Masahiro 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSulfonylation of 1H‐tetrazoles with triflic anhydride in the presence of chiral rhodium(II) carboxylate dimers causes denitrogenation to generate α‐azo rhodium(II) carbenoid species as new types of donor/acceptor carbenoids, which then readily react with styrenes to afford 3,5‐diaryl‐2‐pyrazolines with a high degree of enantioselectivity.
Bottleable Neutral Analogues of [B2H5]− as Versatile and Strongly Binding η2 Donor Ligands
Authors: Wang Sunewang R. , Prieschl Dominic , Mattock James D. , Arrowsmith Merle , Pranckevicius Conor , Stennett Tom E. , Dewhurst Rian D. , Vargas Alfredo , Braunschweig Holger 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHerein we report the discovery that two bottleable, neutral, base‐stabilized diborane(5) compounds are able to bind strongly to a number of copper(I) complexes exclusively through their B−B bond. The resulting complexes represent the first known complexes containing unsupported, neutral σB−B diborane ligands. Single‐crystal X‐ray analyses of these complexes show that the X−Cu moiety (X=Cl, OTf, C6F5) lies opposite the bridging hydrogen atom of the diborane and is near perpendicular to the B−B bond, interacting almost equally with both boron atoms and causing a B−B bond elongation. DFT studies show that σ donation from and π backdonation to the pseudo‐π‐like B−B bond account for their formation. Astoundingly, these copper σB−B complexes are inert to ligand exchange with pyridine under either heating or photoirradiation.
Noncanonical RNA Nucleosides as Molecular Fossils of an Early Earth—Generation by Prebiotic Methylations and Carbamoylations
Authors: Schneider Christina , Becker Sidney , Okamura Hidenori , Crisp Antony , Amatov Tynchtyk , Stadlmeier Michael , Carell Thomas 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe RNA‐world hypothesis assumes that life on Earth started with small RNA molecules that catalyzed their own formation. Vital to this hypothesis is the need for prebiotic routes towards RNA. Contemporary RNA, however, is not only constructed from the four canonical nucleobases (A, C, G, and U), it also contains many chemically modified (noncanonical) bases. A still open question is whether these noncanonical bases were formed in parallel to the canonical bases (chemical origin) or later, when life demanded higher functional diversity (biological origin). Here we show that isocyanates in combination with sodium nitrite establish methylating and carbamoylating reactivity compatible with early Earth conditions. These reactions lead to the formation of methylated and amino acid modified nucleosides that are still extant. Our data provide a plausible scenario for the chemical origin of certain noncanonical bases, which suggests that they are fossils of an early Earth.
Modeling Oil Content of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Using Artificial Neural Network and Multiple Linear Regression Approaches
Authors: Abdipour Moslem , Ramazani Seyyed Hamid Reza , Younessi‐Hmazekhanlu Mehdi , Niazian Mohsen 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is an important ancient oilseed crop with high oil content (OC) and quality. The direct selection to improve OC of sesame (OCS) due to low heritability leads to a low profit. The OCS modeling and indirect selection through high‐heritable characters associated with OCS using advanced modeling techniques is a beneficial approach to overcome this limitation that allows breeder to get a better idea of the plant properties that should be monitored during breeding experiments. This study, carried out in 2013 and 2014, compared the potential of artificial neural network (ANN) and multilinear regression (MLR) to predict OCS in the Imamzadeh Jafar plain of Gachsaran, Iran. Principal component analysis (PCA) and stepwise regression (SWR) were used to evaluate 18 input variables. Based on PCA and SWR, the 6 traits of number of capsules per plant (NCP), number of days from flowering to maturity (NDFM), plant height (PH), thousand seed weight, capsule length, and seed yield were chosen as input variables. The network with the sigmoid axon transfer function and 2 hidden layers was selected as the final ANN model. Results showed that the ANN predicted the OCS with more accuracy and efficacy (R2 = 0.861, root mean square error [RMSE] = 0.563, and mean absolute error [MAE] = 0.432) compared with the MLR model (R2 = 0.672, RMSE = 0.742, and MAE = 0.552). These results showed the potential of the ANN as a promising tool to predict OCS with good performance. Based on sensitivity tests, NCP followed by NDFM and PH, respectively, were the most influential factors in predicting OCS in both models. It seems that a breeding program to select or create long sesame genotypes with a long period from flowering to maturity can be a good approach to address OCS in the future.
Multi‐walled carbon nanotubes supported amorphous Fe2O3 and Ag2O–Fe2O3 as Fenton catalysts for degradation of maxilon red dye
Authors: El‐Khouly Sahar M. , Fathy Nady A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTwo Fenton‐like catalysts of iron oxide (Fe2O3) or Fe2O3 doped with silver oxide (Ag2O) and supported on acidified multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (a‐MWCNTs) were successfully prepared by wet impregnation and calcined at 200 °C and noted as Fe2O3/MWCNTs and Ag2O‐Fe2O3/MWCNTs, respectively. These samples were characterized using techniques such as TEM, FTIR, N2 adsorption at ‐196 °C, and XRD. Their catalytic performances were determined through Fenton oxidation process of maxilon red dye (MR) at 25 °C. Fenton degradation results disclosed that the Ag2O‐Fe2O3/MWCNTs nanocomposite has the superior and the faster catalytic degradation rate of dye. This result was due to the synergistic effect that established from the combination of tiny amount of Ag2O with Fe2O3 over a‐MWCNTs support, which prevents the agglomeration of catalyst nanoparticles and enhances the adsorption of dye molecules. A full degradation of dye was obtained within 10 min at 25 °C and the Fenton oxidation capability of Fe2O3/MWCNTs catalyst increased by about 10% after loading ~1wt.% of Ag2O. The catalytic performance was considerably based on pH of solution, H2O2 concentration, and dye concentration. The reusability tests confirmed that Ag2O‐Fe2O3/MWCNTs nanocomposite offers high stability over three consecutive cycles, where over 90% degradation of MR dye was obtained. Finally, Ag2O‐Fe2O3/MWCNTs nanocomposite showed excellent Fenton catalytic oxidation and reusability as compared with Fe2O3/MWCNTs composite in Fenton‐like processes.
Atrocity fantasies and atrocity allegations
Authors: Gay Volney P. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAtrocity allegations awaken archaic fantasies of degradation and loss that, if believed, provoke violent retaliation against the alleged perpetrators. Those archaic fantasies are that something terrible has occurred, a vicious attack on one's body or on one's mind or on one's beloved child. The worst thing imaginable, an image that arose briefly and then was hurriedly repressed, has actually happened. Atrocity allegations generate revulsion, rage, and then, unless corralled by legal or cultural restraints, bloodshed. Psychoanalysts are well suited to investigate atrocity allegations.
Identification of putative cytochrome P450 monooxygenase genes from the small white butterfly, Pieris rapae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), and their response to insecticides
Authors: Liu Su , Zhang Yu‐Xing , Wang Wen‐Long , Cao Ye , Li Shuai , Zhang Bang‐Xian , Li Shi‐Guang 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe small white butterfly, Pieris rapae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), is an important pest on Brassicaceae plants, causing heavy crop loss each year. Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP) is a superfamily of enzymes involved in the detoxification of various xenobiotic compounds, including insecticides. However, little is known about the role of CYP genes in P. rapae. In this study, we identified 63 CYP genes in P. rapae, and analyzed their phylogenetic relationships, exon–intron structures and genomic locations. Moreover, our insecticide‐response transcription profiling showed that LD5 doses of lambda‐cyhalothrin, chlorantraniliprole, and abamectin significantly increased expression of five (CYP4M59, CYP6AE119, CYP6AE120, CYP6AE121, and CYP6BD18), three (CYP4AU1, CYP6AE120, and CYP6AW1), and five (CYP4L40, CYP4AU1, CYP6AE119, CYP6AW1, and CYP6BD19) CYP genes, respectively; and LD20 doses of the three pesticides significantly upregulated six (CYP4M59, CYP6AE119, CYP6AE120, CYP6AE121, CYP4AU1, and CYP6BD18), six (CYP4G168, CYP4L40, CYP4AU1, CYP6AE120, CYP6AW1, and CYP6BD19), and five (CYP4L40, CYP4AU1, CYP6AB108, CYP6AE119, and CYP6BD19) genes, respectively. When we used LD50 doses of the three insecticides, we reported significantly elevated expression levels of five (CYP4M59, CYP6AE119, CYP6AE120, CYP6BD17, and CYP6BD18), eight (CYP4G168, CYP4L40, CYP4AU1, CYP6AE120, CYP6AE121, CYP6AW1, CYP6BD18, and CYP6BD19), and six (CYP4L40, CYP4S34, CYP6AB108, CYP6AE119, CYP6AE120, and CYP6BD19) genes, respectively. Our expression analysis also revealed that five (CYP4G168, CYP4G169, CYP4S34, CYP6AW1, and CYP6CT3) and three (CYP4L40, CYP6AN33, and CYP6BD17) CYP genes were mainly expressed in the midgut and fat body, respectively, and one CYP gene (CYP6AE119) in the Malpighian tubules. This is the first large‐scale report into the characterization of CYP genes in P. rapae.
A Multi‐Stimuli‐Responsive Oxazine Molecular Switch: A Strategy for the Design of Electrochromic Materials
Authors: Wang Xiaojun , Gu Chang , Zheng Hongzhi , Zhang Yu‐Mo , Zhang Sean Xiao‐An 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA multi‐state and multi‐stimuli‐responsive oxazine molecular switch that combines an electro‐base property and sensitive base/acid‐responsive properties was designed and synthesized. The multi‐state structures of the molecular switch, with different colors, were predicted by comparing the optical properties with reference molecules and confirmed by using NMR spectroscopy. The color‐switching mechanism under stimulation with acids and bases was investigated by using DFT calculations. Three single states can be obtained and the switching is unidirectional under acid and base stimulation. The electrochromic phenomenon of the molecular switch, which combines its electro‐base and base‐sensitive properties, was demonstrated. An electrochromic device that exhibited good electrochromic properties with excellent reversibility (2000 cycles) and high coloration efficiency (804 cm2 C−1) was successfully constructed.
Development and characterization of a camelid single‐domain antibody directed to human CD22 biomarker
Authors: Faraji Fatemeh , Tajik Nader , Behdani Mahdi , Shokrgozar Mohammad Ali , Zarnani Amir Hassan , Shahhosseini Fatemeh , Habibi‐Anbouhi Mahdi 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCD22 is a B‐cell‐specific trans‐membrane glycoprotein, which is found on the surface of the most B cells and modulates their function, survival, and apoptosis. Recently, targeting this cell surface biomarker in B‐cell malignancies and disorders has attracted a lot of attention. The variable domain of camelid single‐chain antibodies (VHH, nanobody) is a form of antibodies with novel properties including small size (15–17 kDa), thermal and chemical stability, high affinity and homology to human antibody sequences. In this study, a novel anti‐CD22‐specific VHH (Nb) has been developed and characterized by the screening of an immunized phage display library and its binding to CD22+ B cells is evaluated. Produced anti‐CD22 VHH had a single protein band about 17 kDa of molecular size in Western blotting and its binding affinity was approximately 9 × 10−9 M. Also, this product had high specificity and it was able to recognize the natural CD22 antigen in CD22+ cell lysate as well as on the cell surface (93%). This anti‐CD22 VHH with both high affinity and specificity recognizes CD22 antigen well and can be used in diagnosis and treatment of B cell disorders and malignancies.
Planung und Errichtung von Ruhehäfen am Niederrhein
Authors: Dormann Michael 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDer Niederrhein zwischen Duisburg und der Grenze zu den Niederlanden gehört zu den bedeutendsten und meistbefahrenen Binnenwasserstraßen Europas. Im Interesse der Sicherheit und Leichtigkeit des Schiffsverkehrs wird eine Trennung zwischen dem durchgehenden und dem ruhenden Verkehr immer wichtiger. Für den Streckenabschnitt zwischen Wesel und der deutsch‐niederländischen Grenze wurde von der Wasserstraßen‐ und Schifffahrtsverwaltung des Bundes (WSV) ein Bedarf von 134 sicheren Liegeplätzen ermittelt, dem lediglich zehn vorhandene Liegeplätze entgegenstanden.Das Wasserstraßen‐ und Schifffahrtsamt Duisburg‐Rhein plant daher den Bau von zwei Ruhehäfen mit Liegemöglichkeiten für jeweils ca. 40 Binnenschiffe. Ermittelt wurden zwei Kiesabbaugewässer bei Ossenberg (Rhein‐km 807,3) und Niedermörmter (Rhein‐km 838,0). Innerhalb dieser Gewässer werden Dalbenliegeplätze mit Zugangsbrücken und Schwimmpontons sowie Pkw‐Absetzplätze errichtet und neue Verkehrswege angelegt. Zum Schutz der Böschungen kommen technisch‐biologische Ufersicherungen zum Einsatz.Besondere Planungsanforderungen bestehen vor allem in der Vereinbarkeit der Baumaßnahmen mit den Belangen des Umwelt‐ und Naturschutzes, insbesondere da sich beide Standorte innerhalb des Vogelschutzgebiets Unterer Niederrhein befinden.