bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of Myeloma Cells in the Urine Sediment
Authors: Pringle Jane P. , Graham Richard C. , Bernier George M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The urine sediments of 18 patients with multiple myeloma were stained with tetrachrome stain and examined by light microscopy. Eleven of the eighteen sediments contained cells with the morphologic characteristics of plasma cells. When stained with fluoroscein conjugated rabbit immune globulin prepared against κ and λ light chains, eight of these sediments contained fluorescent staining plasma cells. In each case the cells stained with the antibody to the light chain of the patient’s myeloma protein and not with the other light-chain antibody. Examinations of sediment from patients with other types of renal disease and normal subjects did not reveal the presence of fluorescent staining cells. In the urine of two myeloma patients, cells were identified as plasma cells by electron microscopy. No correlation was found between the presence of plasma cells and the patient’s monoclonal protein, light-chain type, or the presence or degree of renal disease. The finding of myeloma cells in the urine presumably indicates an extramedullary extension of the disease, and their presence may contribute to the renal impairment commonly found in myeloma patients.
The Effect of Neutropenia on the Cell Cycle of Granulocyte Precursors in an In Vivo Culture System
Authors: Niskanen Eero , Tyler W. S. , Symann Michael , Stohlman Frederick , Howard Donald 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Proliferation of myeloid elements, macrophages, and pluripotent stem cells (CFU) in diffusion chamber cultures of normal mouse bone marrow was examined. The relative growth of differentiated cells and CFU was clearly inhibited when the concentration of cells cultured was increased from 105 to 20 x 105 per chamber. When chambers were implanted into neutropenic hosts the growth of CFU and granulocytic cells was enhanced. The generative cycle of the earliest recognizable granulocytic cells, as estimated by flash labeling with tritiated thymidine, was comparable to that seen in normal bone marrow and was significantly shortened by culture in a neutropenic environment. Growth of pluripotent stem cells and myeloid elements in these cultures appears to be influenced both by short-range factors related to cell concentration and by long-range humoral factors.
Homozygous State for Hb Constant Spring (Slow-moving Hb X Components)
Authors: Eng Lie-Injo Luan , Ganesan J. , Clegg J. B. , Weatherall D. J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A 12-yr-old Malay boy who was studied because his youngest brother and both his parents had the slow-moving Hb X components (earlier reported to lead to Hb H disease when combined with α-thalassemia) was found to be homozygous for the same slow-moving components. He had splenomegaly and a just palpable liver, mild anemia with microcytosis, hypochromia, slight morphologic changes of the red blood cells, and slight reticulocytosis. Of eight children in the family, six had the trait for the abnormality, one was normal, and one, the propositus, was homozygous. Structural studies of the isolated abnormal hemoglobin showed it to be identical to Hb Constant Spring (Hb CoSp), an α-chain variant with 172 residues instead of the usual 141, the additional 31 being attached to the C-terminal end. In addition to the abnormal α variant for which the propositus was homozygous, he also had normal Hb A and normal Hb A2 with normal α-chains. If the theory that Hb CoSp is due to a structural mutation affecting the terminator codon is correct, this case provides evidence for a duplication of the gene for α-chain production. Results of study of several erythrocyte enzymes are also reported.
Decreased Glutathione Peroxidase Activity Secondary to Severe Iron Deficiency: A Possible Mechanism Responsible for the Shortened Life Span of the Iron-deficient Red Cell
Authors: Rodvien Robert , Gillum Amanda , Weintraub Lewis R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Red cell glutathione peroxidase activity decreased to 26% of initial activity following the induction of severe iron deficiency in rabbits. The fall in enzyme activity does not appear to be related to anemia per se, aging of the animals during the course of the experiment, or a generalized decrease in enzyme protein synthesis. With iron repletion, glutathione peroxidase activity did not return to initial values for 10 wk after the hemoglobin concentration had returned to normal. During this period of time, the young red cell population had a higher concentration of GSH-Px activity than the older cells. In contrast, there is no age differential in the concentration of this enzyme in normal red cells, and during the induction of iron deficiency young red cells have decreased enzyme activity as compared to older cells. Reduction in glutathione peroxidase activity may result in increased oxidative damage to the iron-deficient red cell. This, in turn, may be responsible for the previously reported membrane abnormalities and shortened red cell survival of iron-deficient red cells. It remains to be shown if glutathione peroxidase is dependent on iron for its synthesis or if the function of the enzyme is dependent on an iron-containing protein serving as an electron carrier.
Erythrocyte Coproporphyrin and Protoporphyrin in Ethanol-induced Sideroblastic Erythropoiesis
Authors: Ali M. A. M. , Sweeney G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Sideroblastic erythropoiesis is a recognized complication of acute alcoholism1 and disturbances in porphyrin synthesis have been reported in sideroblastic anemia2. In order to investigate the mechanism of alcoholic-induced sideroblastic erythropoiesis coproporphyrin (C.P.) and protoporphyrin (P.P.) levels were measured in 26 patients admitted with acute alcoholism. Bone marrow examination showed that 11 patients had ring sideroblasts, while in 15 other patients there were adequate iron stores, but no ring sideroblasts. The red blood cell (C.P.) and (P.P.) levels were elevated in all of the 11 patients with ring sideroblasts, but in only three out of the 15 patients with no ring sideroblasts. These data clearly separate those patients with a disturbance of mitochondrial iron metabolism and increased erythrocyte porphyrins from other patients suffering from a comparable degree of alcoholism in whom neither abnormality appeared to exist. We conclude therefore that alcoholic sideroblastic erythropoiesis probably reflects ethanol-induced disturbance in the heme synthetic pathway.
Androgenic Hormones and Human Granulopoiesis In Vitro
Authors: Rosenblum Alan L. , Carbone Paul P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Androgenic steroids in physiologic concentrations were found to stimulate human granulopoiesis in vitro. Testosterone in high concentration, but probably within the range achievable after intensive treatment, was found to inhibit granulopoiesis. Analysis of growth kinetics suggested that increased granulopoiesis results from proliferation of committed granulocyte precursors in the marrow rather than stem-cell activation.
The Effect of Methotrexate on Transformation and Mitosis of Normal Human Blood Lymphocytes In Vitro
Authors: Rozenszajn L. A. , Radnay J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The effect of methotrexate (MTX) on transformation and mitosis of normal lymphocyte cultures was investigated. Mitosis was 1000-fold more sensitive to MTX than was transformation; mitosis could be prevented without any observable effect on transformation. The antimitotic effect of MTX depended on its concentration, duration of contact with lymphocytes, as well as on the developmental stage of the lymphocytes at the time of exposure. Incorporation of labeled precursors into protein, DNA, and RNA proceeded at normal rates unaffected by the presence of MTX. Transformation was partially inhibited by high concentrations of MTX (above 75 µg/ml). Folinic acid abolished the antimitotic effect of MTX, with the number of cells undergoing division directly proportional to the quantity of folinic acid added.
Hemoglobin Affinity for Oxygen in Chronic Renal Disease: The Effect of Hemodialysis
Authors: Lichtman Marshall A. , Murphy Marion S. , Byer Barbara J. , Freeman Richard B. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen may increase significantly in subjects who are hypophosphatemic and alkalotic. We studied the organic phosphate content and oxygen binding by hemoglobin of red cells in subjects undergoing hemodialysis, during which time a decrease in plasma inorganic phosphate and an increase in blood pH may occur. Red cell 2,3-DPG was not correlated with plasma inorganic phosphorus, whereas red cell ATP was highly correlated with plasma inorganic phosphorus when analyses were made on predialysis samples. Predialysis red cell inorganic phosphorus was highly correlated with plasma inorganic phosphorus, supporting the concept that intraerythrocytic inorganic phosphorus is maintained by a gradient from plasma to cell. Plasma inorganic phosphorus decreased by 45% during the period of hemodialysis, whereas red cell inorganic phosphorus did not change. Red cell 2,3-DPG, ATP, and oxygen binding by hemoglobin at standard conditions of temperature, pH, and pCO2 were not altered after 6 hr of hemodialysis. Plasma pH and base excess increased during dialysis. The increase in base excess, an estimate of the non-pH-dependent effect of CO2 on oxygen binding by hemoglobin, counterbalanced a portion of the effect of elevated pH on hemoglobin— oxygen affinity under in vivo conditions. Hence, only a slight increase in oxygen binding by hemoglobin occurred. Moreover, late dialysis symptoms were not associated with the degree of alkalosis or with the extent of change in hemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen. Red cell 2,3-DPG content was lower and hemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen was higher in subjects with chronic renal disease than in nonazotemic subjects with similar hemoglobin deficits. Moreover, increased red cell ATP in chronic renal disease patients did not influence oxygen binding by hemoglobin.
Hepatic Erythropoietin Production in the Lead-poisoned Rat
Authors: Schooley J. C. , Mahlmann L. J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Extrarenal erythropoietin production is increased above normal in lead-injected rats exposed to hypoxia either immediately after or 1 day after nephrectomy. Extrarenal erythropoietin production in lead-poisoned rats is actinomycin D sensitive, and the major extrarenal site of production or activation of the hormone in normal or lead-poisoned anephric rats is the liver.
MU-Chain Disease in an African Patient
Authors: Bonhomme J. , Seligmann M. , Mihaesco C. , Clauvel J. P. , Danon F. , Brouet J. C. , Bouvry P. , Martine J. , Clerc M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A new case of µ-chain disease occurring in an African patient is described. The main clinical feature was a massive splenomegaly. Contrary to five previously reported cases, this patient was not affected with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and vacuoles were not found in the cytoplasm of the bone marrow plasma cells. A considerable increase of the plasma volume was noted without hyperviscosity. The electrophoretic pattern showed an abnormal band in the α2 region. The anomalous protein was devoid of light chains and was present in the form of disulfide-linked polymers of incomplete µ-chains. The molecular weight of the monomer was approximately 58,000. The protein comprised the Fc fragment and a part of the Fd segment. Bence Jones protein was not found in the urine, and light chains were not present in the cells producing the µ-chain disease protein.
The Use of 125I as a Membrane Protein Label for Erythrocyte Survival Studies
Authors: Weintraub Martin , Gerson Kenneth , Silber Robert 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Radioactive iodide, incubated with erythrocytes in the presence of lactoperoxidase and hydrogen peroxide, is covalently bound to membrane proteins. Using this technique, rabbit erythrocytes were labeled with 125I, reinjected into the donors, and erythrocyte survivals determined. The values for the erythrocyte half-lives and the shape of the decay curves were comparable to those reported using DF32P. Following hemolysis of erythrocytes double labeled with 125I and 51Cr, radioactivity from both these isotopes appeared mainly in liver, lung, kidney, spleen, and urine. Enzymatic iodination provides a noneluting label of erythrocyte membrane proteins for the study of survival, sequestration and turnover of this red cell component.
Some Properties of the Circulating Hemopoietic Stem Cells
Authors: Gidáli Julia , Fehér I. , Antal Sára 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Some properties of hemopoietic stem cells (CFU) circulating in the peripheral blood of the normal mouse (PCFU) were studied. Those parameters were chosen that are well-known characteristics of bone marrow stem cell populations. Leukocytes separated from the peripheral blood were the source of PCFU. The radiosensitivity (D0 value), growth curve, seeding efficiency (f number), and the turnover state (number of PCFU in S phase measured by 3H-thymidine killing technique in vitro) of PCFU were compared to the same parameters for bone marrow CFU. Several characteristic changes in these parameters were found for PCFU: (1) Lower radiosensitivity (D0 = 140 R), (2) Higher seeding efficiency (f number 20.9%), (3) Higher sensitivity to 3H-thymidine in vitro (killing effect 32%). The doubling time was the same both for CFU and PCFU (21 hr), but the logarithmic growth of the PCFU population started by approximately 36 hr later than that of the marrow-derived CFU population. All these findings support the idea that PCFU represent a subpopulation of the heterogeneous bone marrow CFU population.
Platelet Coagulant Activities and Hemostasis: A Hypothesis
Authors: Walsh Peter N. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Platelets have recently been shown to participate in reactions with blood coagulation factors at every stage of intrinsic clotting, from contact activation to fibrin formation. Platelets can trigger intrinsic coagulation by two alternative pathways, the first of which involves factors XII and XI and adenosine diphosphate, and the second of which bypasses factor XII, provided factor XI and collagen are present. Additional evidence indicates that subsequent coagulation reactions occur on the platelet surface, where active clotting factors are protected from inactivation by naturally occurring inhibitors. Based on these observations, an hypothesis is presented in which the events of primary hemostasis (platelet adhesion, aggregation, and release) and blood coagulation are linked. As platelets aggregate to form a hemostatic plug, they provide a protective and catalytic surface for activation of the clotting mechanism and fibrin formation. Localized hemostasis is promoted and circulating blood kept fluid by means of a number of control mechanisms, some of which are mediated by autocatalytic effects of thrombin.
A Comparison of the Behavior of 111In and 59Fe-labeled Transferrin on Incubation With Human and Rat Reticulocytes
Authors: Beamish Michael R. , Brown Elmer B. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The uptake by human and rat reticulocytes of 111In and 59Fe bound to transferrin has been studied. The results indicate a significant difference between the behavior of the two isotopes in both human and rat incubation mixtures. Reticulocyte uptake of 111In from human and rat serum was 30% and 12% that of the 59Fe after a 30-min incubation. The process was temperature dependent, inhibited by sodium arsenite, and related to the reticulocyte percentage of the cells in the reaction mixture. Washed reticulocytes, previously incubated for 30 min with either 59Fe or 111In bound to serum were reincubated in unlabeled serum. Up to 85% of the 111In label and less than 10% of the 59Fe on the reticulocytes were released on reincubation, indicating that, in contrast to 59Fe, the majority of the 111In label remained membrane bound. Specific binding of unlabeled In transferrin was demonstrated by its inhibitory effect on 59Fe-transferrin uptake by rat reticulocytes. Both In- and Fe-transferrin were found to have similar binding affinities for the receptor sites. The 111In remaining in lysates obtained from washed reticulocytes after incubation with 111In-labeled serum and reincubation in unlabeled serum did not appear to be associated with either the hemoglobin or heme molecules.
The Role of Peroxidase in the Bactericidal Activity of Human Blood Eosinophils
Authors: Bujak Joseph S. , Root Richard K. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Utilizing cell preparations that contained greater than 90% eosinophils and sodium azide to inhibit the lysosomal enzyme peroxidase, studies of eosinophil bactericidal activity were undertaken. Eosinophils did not kill bacteria as well as neutrophils, principally because of a reduced phagocytic capacity. In contrast to neutrophils, eosinophils had high resting iodination activity but failed to increase this activity following phagocytosis. One millimolar sodium azide, which inhibits both eosinophil and neutrophil peroxidase as measured by the iodination of trichloroacetic acid precipitable protein, impaired neutrophil staphylocidal activity, but enhanced eosinophil killing of Staphylococcus aureus primarily by increasing phagocytic uptake. Bactericidal studies utilizing lysostaphin suggest that neutrophil peroxidase exerts its contribution to bactericidal activity only during the early postphagocytic period. Eosinophil peroxidase is genetically and biochemically distinct from neutrophil peroxidase, and appears to play no role in the bactericidal activity of intact eosinophils.
Granulocyte Transfusions in Leukopenic Dogs: In Vivo and In Vitro Function of Granulocytes Obtained by Continuous-Flow Filtration Leukopheresis
Authors: Debelak Kim M. , Epstein Robert B. , Andersen Burton R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The present studies were carried out to (1) evaluate a leukoadhesive technique for obtaining granulocytes for transfusion, (2) assess the granulocytes by in vitro techniques, and (3) determine the efficacy of granulocyte transfusion in preventing sepsis in leukopenic dogs. Dogs were rendered transiently leukopenic (< 500 per cu mm) by intravenous cyclophosphamide, 40 mg/kg. Quantitative and qualitative blood cultures were obtained from all animals until death or hematologic recovery. Granulocytes were obtained on nylon filters by a continuous flow system and eluted with an ACD plasma saline solution. Granulocyte function was studied in vitro by chemotaxis, phagocytosis, intracellular killing, and electron microscopy. In vivo studies consisted of the measurement of granulocyte increments in transfused leukopenic dogs, T ½ of infused granulocytes, and protection of transfused dogs from septicemic episodes. Eluted granulocytes, when compared to normal controls, showed reduction in in vitro functions. These functions improved in granulocytes isolated post-transfusion from recipient dogs. An average of 3 x 1010 granulocytes could be obtained during a 1-hr leukopheresis of normal donors. Increments in recipient dogs averaged 2590 per cu mm. Five nontransfused leukopenic dogs developed septicemia and died within 7 days. Six dogs were treated with infusions of granulocytes. Three recovered completely, and three died of thrombocytopenic hemorrhage with negative blood cultures. One dog showed a transiently positive blood culture that became negative following transfusion. Septic episodes were significantly reduced in granulocyte transfused dogs (p < 0.01). It was concluded that continuous-flow leukofiltration yielded granulocytes in sufficient number and with adequate functional capabilities to provide significant protection against septic death in the leukopenic host.
Dysplastic Platelets and Circulating Megakaryocytes in Chronic Myeloproliferative Diseases. I. The Platelets: Ultrastructure and Peroxidase Reaction
Authors: Maldonado Jorge E. , Pintado Tomás , Pierre Robert V. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A light and electron microscopic study was made of the circulating platelets from five patients with variants of the chronic myeloproliferative diseases (agnogenic myeloid metaplasia, chronic granulocytic leukemia, and "megakaryocytic leukemia"). Morphologic abnormalities were found in at least some of the platelets in all of the patients. Presence of giant forms, paucity or absence of granulation, disorganization and scarcity of the microtubules, and haphazard distribution and hypertrophy of the dense tubular and open canalicular systems constituted the main abnormalities. Additionally, there were features of platelet immaturity, including abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes and presence of Golgi profiles, centrioles, and nuclear remnants. The relationship, if any, of these morphologic abnormalities to the hemostatic defects in myeloproliferative diseases remains to be elucidated.
Dysplastic Platelets and Circulating Megakaryocytes in Chronic Myeloproliferative Diseases. II. Ultrastructure of Circulating Megakaryocytes
Authors: Maldonado Jorge E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Small circulating megakaryocytes were identified in four patients with chronic myeloproliferative disorders, and their morphologic features by light and electron microscopy are described. The morphologic and cytogenetic studies suggest that at least some of these cells are truly mononuclear. The circulating megakaryocytes were associated with the presence of dysplastic platelets. Both findings are thought to represent involvement of the megakaryocytic-platelet line, probably as an expression of stem cell disease.
Clonal Origin of the Philadelphia Chromosome From Either the Paternal or the Maternal Chromosome Number 22
Authors: Gahrton G. , Lindsten J. , Zech L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The heteromorphic regions of chromosome 22 were studied with the quinacrine mustard fluorescence technique in eight patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelocytic leukemia and in their parents. The fluorescence pattern showed that the Philadelphia chromosome had originated from the paternal chromosome 22 in one case and the maternal in another. The other six cases were noninformative in this respect. The fluorescence pattern was consistent between cells in both the informative cases. These results speak in favor of a clonal origin of the Philadelphia chromosome from either the paternal or the maternal chromosome 22.
Responsiveness of Human Granulocytic Leukemic Cells to Colony-stimulating Factor
Authors: Metcalf D. , Moore M. A. S. , Sheridan J. W. , Spitzer G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The proliferative response of normal and leukemic human granulocytic cells to stimulation by varying concentrations of the normal regulator, colony-stimulating factor (CSF), was determined by cluster counts in agar cultures of 150 blood or marrow specimens stimulated by monkey lung conditioned medium. Acute myeloid leukemic cells were slightly more responsive than normal at low concentrations of conditioned medium, but chronic myeloid leukemic cells were slightly, less responsive at all concentrations. Marrow cells from acute leukemic patients in remission exhibited a normal pattern of responsiveness. Average plasma CSF levels in leukemic patients were two to three times higher than the concentration of CSF in cultures maximally stimulated by monkey lung conditioned medium. The observed responsiveness of leukemic cells to stimulation by CSF-containing material is further evidence in support of the conclusion that most myeloid leukemias in man are conditioned, rather than autonomous, neoplasms.