bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compresión inelástica en una paciente con úlcera mixta
Authors: Contreras Fariñas Raquel 
Published: July 2019

En el contexto clínico de la atención a pacientes con úlceras de etiología venosa, la compresión con vendas o medias se plantea como la principal herramienta terapéutica, con una evidencia científica de nivel 1A. Tradicionalmente, la existencia de algún componente de insuficiencia arterial en el paciente, lo que se corresponde con un Índice tobillo brazo menor a 0’8, se ha considerado una contraindicación para el uso de terapia compresiva. Sin embargo, en nuestra realidad profesional nos encontramos en determinadas situaciones clínicas en las que es preciso revisar nuevamente todas las alternativas para poder brindar al paciente la mejor atención posible.En este artículo se plantea el caso clínico de un paciente con úlceras venosas en ambas piernas y con índice tobillo-brazo de 0.55, donde todos los intentos terapéuticos previos habían fracasado.Los objetivos planteados a la hora de diseñar este estudio fueron: General: Encontrar una alternativa terapéutica para un paciente con úlceras de etiología mixta, alto nivel de exudado e ITB de 0.55. Específico: Revisar el nivel de evidencia disponible que respalde el uso de la terapia compresiva (TC) cuando existe patología arterial concomitante .Para ello se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en bases de datos nacionales e internacionales, y posteriormente se realizó la extrapolación de los resultados encontrados a la práctica clínica.Tras las búsquedas realizadas se obtuvieron diversos artículos que respaldan el uso de la terapia compresiva con baja elasticidad en casos de insuficiencia arterial. Tras la aplicación de la misma, los beneficios en cuanto a los distintos parámetros como exudado, biofilm y cicatrización fueron evidentes.
Estos resultados confirman los hallazgos encontrados en la bibliografía. Se puede decir que existe evidencia científica que respalda el uso de la contención, o compresión inelástica, como alternativa eficaz y segura para el tratamiento de úlceras de etiología mixta.
Precooling, Hyperthermia, and Postexercise Cooling Rates in Humans Wearing American Football Uniforms
Authors: Taylor Jeremy , Miller Kevin C. 
Published: July 2019

Context
Exertional heatstroke is one of the leading causes of death in American football players. Precooling (PC) with whole-body cold-water immersion (CWI) may prevent severe hyperthermia and, possibly, exertional heatstroke. However, it is unknown how much PC delays severe hyperthermia when participants wear American football uniforms during exercise in the heat. Does PC alter the effectiveness of CWI once participants become hyperthermic or affect perceptual variables during exercise?

Objectives
We asked 3 questions: (1) Does PC affect how quickly participants become hyperthermic during exercise in the heat? (2) Does PC before exercise affect rectal temperature (Trec) cooling rates once participants become hyperthermic? (3) Does PC affect perceptual variables such as rating of perceived exertion (RPE), thermal sensation, and environmental symptoms questionnaire (ESQ) responses?

Design
Crossover study.

Setting
Laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants
Twelve physically active males (age = 24 ± 4 years, height = 181.8 ± 8.4 cm, mass = 79.9 ± 10.3 kg).

Intervention(s)
On PC days, participants completed 15 minutes of CWI (9.98°C ± 0.04°C). They donned American football uniforms and exercised in the heat (temperature = 39.1°C ± 0.3°C, relative humidity = 36% ± 2%) until Trec was 39.5°C. While wearing equipment, they then underwent CWI until Trec was 38°C. Control-day procedures were the same except for the PC intervention.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Rectal temperature, heart rate, thermal sensation, RPE, and ESQ responses were measured throughout testing. The duration of cold-water immersion was used in conjunction with Trec to calculate cooling rates.

Results
Precooling allowed participants to exercise 17.6 ± 3.6 minutes longer before reaching 39.5°C (t11 = 17.0, P &lt; .001). Precooling did not affect postexercise CWI Trec cooling rates (PC = 0.18°C/min ± 0.06°C/min, control = 0.20°C/min ± 0.09°C/min; t11 = 0.9, P = .17); ESQ responses (F2,24 = 1.3, P = .3); or RPE (F2,22 = 2.9, P = .07). Precooling temporarily lowered thermal sensation (F3,26 = 21.7, P &lt; .001) and heart rate (F3,29 = 21.0, P &lt; .001) during exercise.

Conclusions
Because PC delayed hyperthermia without negatively affecting perceptual variables or CWI effectiveness, clinicians may consider implementing PC along with other proven strategies for preventing heat illness (eg, acclimatization).
Ground-based millimetre-wave measurements of middle-atmospheric carbon monoxide above Ny-Ålesund (78.9° N, 11.9° E)
Authors: Ryan Niall J. , Palm Mathias , Hoffmann Christoph G. , Goliasch Jens , Notholt Justus 
Published: July 2019

Abstract. We present a new ground-based system for measurements of
middle-atmospheric carbon monoxide (CO) at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, and
the altitude profiles of CO volume mixing ratios (VMRs) measured during the
2017/2018 winter. The Carbon Monoxide Radiometer for Atmospheric
Measurements (CORAM) records spectra from CO spectral emissions in the
middle atmosphere with the aid of a low-noise amplifier designed for the
230 GHz spectral region. Altitude profiles of CO VMRs are retrieved from the
measured spectra using an optimal estimation inversion technique. The
profiles in the current dataset have an average altitude range of 47–87 km,
with special consideration to be given to data at >∼70 km altitude. The estimated uncertainty in the CO profile
peaks at ∼12 % of the a priori data used in the inversion. The
CORAM profiles are compared to co-located CO measurements from the Microwave
Limb Sounder (MLS) aboard the Aura satellite and show a difference of 7.4–16.1 %, with a maximum absolute difference of 2.5 ppmv at 86 km altitude.
CO profiles are currently available at 1 h resolution between November 2017
and January 2018. The instrument measures during Arctic winter because
summer time CO concentrations are so low as to be undetectable by CORAM.
Detection of human Metapneumovirus infection in children under 18 years old hospitalized in Lima-Peru
Authors: del Valle-Mendoza Juana , Orellana-Peralta Fiorella , del Valle Luis J. , Verne Eduardo , Ugarte Claudia , Weilg Claudia , Silva-Caso Wilmer , Valverde-Ezeta Jorge , Carrillo-Ng Hugo , Peña-Tuesta Isaac , Palomares-Reyes Carlos , Cornejo-Tapia Angela , Aguilar-Luis Miguel Angel 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundHuman Metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a negative single-stranded RNA virus. Infection by hMPV mainly affects the pediatric population and can cause upper or lower respiratory tract pathologies which can develop life threating complications. This study was carried out between 2009 and 2010 in a high complexity national hospital in Lima, Peru. The time frame corresponds to the pandemic of influenza A H1N1.MethodsA prospective study was performed between September 2009 and September 2010. Patients with a clinical diagnosis suggestive of an acute respiratory infection were included. RT-PCR was utilized to attain the amplification and identification of the hMPV.ResultsA total of 539 samples were analyzed from patients with a clinical context suggestive of an acute respiratory tract infection. Of these samples 73, (13.54%) were positive for hMPV. Out of the positive cases, 63% were under one year old, and increased to nearly 80% when considering children younger than two years old. Cough was the most frequent symptom presented by our population with a number of 62 cases (84.93%). Viral seasonality was also established, noting its predominance during the months of summer in the southern hemisphere. The infection by hMPV has an important prevalence in Peru. It mainly affects children under one year old and should be considered an important differential diagnosis in a patient with an acute respiratory infection.
Technical Efficiency of Women Self Help Groups (SHG) Generating Poultry Activity in Amravati District of Maharashtra
Authors: Chopde K. D. , Kadam Mahesh M. 
Published: July 2019

Women are a vital part of the Indian economy and employment to build their empowerment by the provision of loans and financial services is an important aspect of any economy. Rural women of India have been benefited by the Self Help Groups (SHG). The SHG can approach any bank for availing loan facility to undertake any suitable earning activity. The loan is repaid out of the profits earned. A study was carried out for the year 2016-2017 for Amravati division, 50 SHGs, which were engaged in selected agriculture, poultry-based activity. The objectives for the study were to analyze the technical efficient self-help groups and identify the possible determinant of technical efficiency of self-help groups; Primary data was collected with the help of personal interview of self-help groups. Those Self-help groups were selected for the study which has activity in existence of at least 10 years, In poultry SHGs the elasticity of a cost per borrower and subsidy variables were a positively significant contribution in the gross loan. Negative Marginal value productivity of assets, Loan per member and net returns are determined to know the contribution in the gross loan Among selected SHGs, the variations in technical efficiency was 0.7632-0.9966. The study concludes that it is necessary to increase the assets and borrow per member for SHGs income generating activities which will be the make the SHGs members to increase the net income to refund, therefore assets, borrow per member and net returns are the possible determinant of the gross loan portfolio. The amount needs to be fixed according to the income generating activities and borrow per member increases contribute more to their family income.
Unraveling the Metaphysical, Epistemological, and Ethical Elements of Oromo Proverbs
Authors: Bokora Chemeda 
Published: July 2019

Long ago the external world (most prominent among which is the west) had excommunicated African mind from the realm/ treasure of reasoned knowledge. According to Hegel, Hume, Kant, and others, for any thought (about human life, about knowledge and truth, good and bad, right and wrong, mind and matter; about human nature and the universe we inhabit) to count as reasoned knowledge it must be subject to writing. African philosophers like Hountondji, Appiah, Bondurin, etc. have also expounded that individualist element, the main or only yardstick of reasoned knowledge, as they have put it, is missing in the traditional genre of thought. Apiece of these characterizations are unfair as they have indisputably tried to discredit the thoughtful knowledge built on oral tradition.
The central point in this article, therefore, is unraveling the practical reasoned knowledge exhibited in the traditional genre of thought. The aspiration is partly alluded to the task of being informative about the place of Oromo society and, by extension, traditional African thought in the realm of global knowledge.
This is done by closely examining the metaphysical, epistemological, and ethical elements embedded in some proverbs of the Oromo.
Purification and Characterization of α-amylase from a Novel Thermoalkalophilic Strain of Bacillus sonorensis GV2 Isolated from Mushroom Compost
Authors: Vyas Gitanjali , Sharma Nivedita , Sharma Nisha 
Published: July 2019

A novel thermoalkalophilic α-amylase producing bacterial strain Bacillus sonorensis GV2 |KJ775811.1| was isolated from mushroom compost. The purification of α-amylase was performed through different chromatography techniques. After purification with SDS-PAGE and Sephadex G-75 gel filtration, the molecular weight of monomeric α-amylase was found to be 45 kDa. The enzyme showed an optimal activity over a wide range of temperature and pH of 35-60oC and 7-11, respectively. The effect of divalent ions i.e. Mg2+ and Ca2+ showed a positive increase in enzyme activity. This enzyme is unique in a sense that it also exhibited a considerable raw corn starch hydrolyzing activity at 55oC. The end products when subjected to TLC which were identified as main maltooligosaccharides, proving the endo action of an enzyme. The Vmax and Km values of Bacillus sonorensis GV2 α-amylase were found to be 1347 μmol/mg/min and 3.46 mMol/ml. The MALDI peptide mass fingerprint analysis of the reduced and carboxymethylated amylase digested with chymotrypsin indicated that this partial amino acid sequence was homologous by a score of 6 with UDP transferalyase. All these findings suggests about the potential role of this α-amylase for raw starch degrading applications in the relevant industry.
Highly Stretchable Metallic Nanowire Networks Reinforced by the Underlying Randomly Distributed Elastic Polymer Nanofibers via Interfacial Adhesion Improvement
Authors: Jiang Zhi , Nayeem Md Osman Goni , Fukuda Kenjiro , Ding Su , Jin Hanbit , Yokota Tomoyuki , Inoue Daishi , Hashizume Daisuke , Someya Takao 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOn‐skin electronics require conductive, porous, and stretchable materials for a stable operation with minimal invasiveness to the human body. However, porous elastic conductors that simultaneously achieve high conductivity, good stretchability, and durability are rare owing to the lack of proper design for good adhesion between porous elastic polymer and conductive metallic networks. Here, a simple fabrication approach for porous nanomesh‐type elastic conductors is shown by designing a layer‐by‐layer structure of nanofibers/nanowires (NFs/NWs) via interfacial hydrogen bonding. The as‐prepared conductors, consisting of Ag NWs and polyurethane (PU) NFs, simultaneously achieve high conductivity (9190 S cm−1), high stretchability (310%), and good durability (82% resistance increase after 1000 cycles of deformation at 70% tensile strain). The direct contact between the Ag NWs enables the high conductivity. The synergistic effect of the layer‐by‐layer structure and good adhesion between the Ag NWs and the PU NFs enables good mechanical properties. Furthermore, without any adhesive gel/tape, the conductors can be utilized as breathable strain sensors for precise joint motion monitoring, and as breathable sensing electrodes for continuous electrophysiological signal recording.
A Versatile Approach for the Assembly of Highly Tunable Biocatalytic Thin Films
Authors: Rodriguez‐Abetxuko Andoni , Sánchez‐deAlcázar Daniel , Cortajarena Aitziber L. , Beloqui Ana 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe deposition of protein thin films on (in)organic surfaces is a key approach to incorporate new functionalities into these materials for a broad number of applications. However, most of the current methods used for the controlled assembly of such biomolecules and eventual film formation are limiting since entail either the chemical modification of the proteins, which leads sometimes to impaired materials, or the sequential layer‐by‐layer deposition of charged macromolecules. In this work, a facile bioinspired method for the versatile fabrication of robust catalytic films is developed. The herein shown approach involves the one‐pot synthesis of porous enzyme nanogels decorated with imidazole motifs. These nanogels act as small nanoreactors that are further self‐assembled into continuous catalytic nanocoatings through metal‐imidazole coordination. An extensive structural, chemical, and functional characterization of the biocatalytic coatings evidences the integrity, stability in organic solvents and high temperatures, and the reusability of the deposits. Moreover, the thickness and metal composition of the nanocoatings can be tuned on demand. Finally, interesting applications for the bioinspired films are demonstrated, i.e., the fabrication of a glucose electrochemical biosensor and the completion of tandem enzymatic reactions, which suggest a broad applicability potential of this methodology.
Turning a Killing Mechanism into an Adhesion and Antifouling Advantage
Authors: Dedisch Sarah , Obstals Fabian , de los Santos Pereira Andres , Bruns Michael , Jakob Felix , Schwaneberg Ulrich , Rodriguez‐Emmenegger Cesar 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMild and universal methods to introduce functionality in polymeric surfaces remain a challenge. Herein, a bacterial killing mechanism based on amphiphilic antimicrobial peptides is turned into an adhesion advantage. Surface activity (surfactant) of the antimicrobial liquid chromatography peak I (LCI) peptide is exploited to achieve irreversible binding of a protein–polymer hybrid to surfaces via physical interactions. The protein–polymer hybrid consists of two blocks, a surface‐affine block (LCI) and a functional block to prevent protein fouling on surfaces by grafting antifouling polymers via single electron transfer‐living radical polymerization (SET‐LRP). The mild conditions of SET‐LRP ofN‐2‐hydroxy propyl methacrylamide (HPMA) and carboxybetaine methacrylamide (CBMAA) preserve the secondary structure of the fusion protein. Adsorption kinetics and grafting densities are assessed using surface plasmon resonance and ellipsometry on model gold surfaces, while the functionalization of a range of artificial and natural surfaces, including teeth, is directly observed by confocal microscopy. Notably, the fusion protein modified with poly(HPMA) completely prevents the fouling from human blood plasma and thereby exhibits a resistance to protein fouling that is comparable to the best grafted‐from polymer brushes. This, combined with their simple application on a large variety of materials, highlights the universal and scalable character of the antifouling concept.
Quantifying the Trade‐Off between Absolute Capacity and Rate Performance in Battery Electrodes
Authors: Park Sang‐Hoon , Tian Ruiyuan , Coelho João , Nicolosi Valeria , Coleman Jonathan N. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAmong other things, battery electrodes need to display large absolute capacities coupled with high rate performance. However, enhancing areal capacity, for example via increased electrode thickness, results in reductions in rate performance. The basis for this negative correlation has not been studied in a quantitative fashion. Here, a semiempirical model is used to analyze capacity versus rate data for electrodes fabricated from a number of materials, each measured at various thicknesses. Fitting the model to the data outputs the low‐rate areal capacity, QA, and the characteristic time associated with charge/discharge, τ, fit parameters which quantify absolute capacity and rate performance respectively. A clear correlation is found between QA and τ, with all data siting close to a mastercurve approximately defined by constant τ/QA. This data is consistent with a simple model based on the timescales associated with rate‐limiting processes. This model implies that the capacity‐rate trade‐off can be improved for high areal capacity electrodes by increasing the volumetric capacity, electrical conductivity, and porosity of the electrode. Conversely, solid‐state diffusion and reaction kinetics are only important for low areal capacity electrodes.
Revisiting the accuracy of splenomegaly by sonography in patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Tung Wei‐Ling , Yang Chun‐Hsun , Tseng Po‐Lin , Hung Chao‐Hung , Wang Jing‐Houng , Chen Chien‐Hung , Hu Tsung‐Hui , Lu Sheng‐Nan , Xu Huang‐Wei 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn Taiwan, the National Health Insurance Scheme reimburses lifelong antiviral agents for cirrhotic patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA higher than 2000 IU/mL. However, the requirement of image diagnosis is ultrasonographic cirrhosis with splenomegaly. The current study aimed to evaluate the validity of splenomegaly in the diagnosis of chronic hepatitis B (CHB)‐related liver cirrhosis (LC). Eliminated by exclusive criteria, 684 of 743 consecutive CHB patients with available liver biopsy reports were enrolled as the all populations group (Group all). Ultrasound cirrhosis score (UCS) was used to demonstrate the severity of liver fibrosis. A score of 7 as the best cut‐off point in the prediction of CHB‐related LC has been proposed by our previous report. Based on UCS ≥7, 222 patients were selected as the advanced fibrosis populations group (Group fibrosis). The splenic index (SI), the product of two vertical distances from the splenic surface to hilum, was measured retrospectively from the ultrasonographic pictures mostly close to the biopsy day. Splenomegaly is defined as SI ≥20. In Group all and Group fibrosis, the prevalence of pathological LC was 26.2% (179/684) and 64.4% (143/222), respectively. The area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the SI in the diagnosis of LC was 72.3% and 68.2% for Group all and Group fibrosis, respectively. Using 20 as a cut‐off value, the accuracy was 73.1% and 60.8%. Based on the ROC curve, the best cut‐off point of the SI should be 17 (sensitivity: 70.4%, specificity: 63.4%) and 18 (sensitivity: 65.7%, specificity: 64.6%), respectively. Splenomegaly is not a good noninvasive surrogate in the diagnosis of LC in patients with CHB.
Endoscopic findings in a patient with primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus: A case report
Authors: Chu Chia‐Sheng , Peng Cheng‐Yuan , Chang I‐Ping , Su Wen‐Pang , Kao Jung‐Ta , Huang Wen‐Hsin , Lai Hsueh‐Chou 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPrimary malignant melanoma of the esophagus (PMME) is a rare tumor with poor prognosis, rapid progression, and early metastasis. It often occurs in the middle to lower part of the esophagus. Endoscopic findings reveal various colors ranging from white, brown, and purple to black, and the lesions could be ulcerative, superficial, or protruding polypoid. Only a few reports about endoscopic findings of PMME are available in the literature. Here, we describe a case of a 77‐year‐old man who suffered from epigastric pain and acid regurgitation for 2 weeks. Endoscopic findings revealed an ulcerative lesion with purple‐black pigmentation in the lower part of the esophagus. Endoscopic biopsy was performed. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining showed a subepithelial nodule with melanocytosis and a high nuclear‐cytoplasmic (N/C) ratio and macronucleoli. Immunohistochemical staining revealed positive results for S‐100, HMB‐45, and melan‐A. Based on these pathologic and immunohistochemical examinations, the patient was diagnosed with PMME. However, the patient initially hesitated to undergo surgical intervention until he developed dysphagia 2 years later. We also present a series of endoscopic images of PMME of this patient in this paper.