bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Incidence of Postoperative Seizures Following Treatment of Postinfectious Hydrocephalus in Ugandan Infants: A Post Hoc Comparison of Endoscopic Treatment vs Shunt Placement in a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Punchak Maria , Mbabazi Kabachelor Edith , Ogwal Michael , Nalule Esther , Nalwoga Joyce , Ssenyonga Peter , Mugamba John , Rattani Abbas , Dewan Michael C , Kulkarni Abhaya V , Schiff Steven J , Warf Benjamin 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
There are currently no published data directly comparing postoperative seizure incidence following endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV), with/without choroid plexus cauterization (CPC), to that for ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) placement.

OBJECTIVE
To compare postoperative epilepsy incidence for ETV/CPC and VPS in Ugandan infants treated for postinfectious hydrocephalus (PIH).

METHODS
We performed an exploratory post hoc analysis of a randomized trial comparing VPS and ETV/CPC in 100 infants (<6 mo old) presenting with PIH. Minimum follow-up was 2 yr. Variables associated with and the incidence of postoperative epilepsy were compared (intention-to-treat) using a bivariate analysis. Time to first seizure was compared using the Kaplan–Meier method, and the relative risk for the 2 treatments was determined using Mantel-Haenszel hazard ratios.

RESULTS
Seizure incidence was not related to age (P = .075), weight (P = .768), sex (P = .151), head circumference (P = .281), time from illness to hydrocephalus onset (P = .973), or hydrocephalus onset to treatment (P = .074). Irritability (P = .027) and vision deficit (P = .04) were preoperative symptoms associated with postoperative seizures. Ten (10%) patients died, and 20 (20%) developed seizures over the follow-up period. Overall seizure incidence was 9.4 per 100 person-years (9.4 and 9.5 for ETV/CPC and VPS, respectively; P = .483), with no significant difference in seizure risk between groups (hazard ratio, 1.02; 95% CI: 0.42, 2.45; P = .966). Mean time to seizure onset was 8.5 mo for ETV/CPC and 11.2 mo for VPS (P = .464). As-treated, per-protocol, and attributable-intervention analyses yielded similar results.

CONCLUSION
Postoperative seizure incidence following treatment of PIH was 20% within 2 yr, regardless of treatment modality.
The Role of Spirituality in Pain, Function, and Coping in Individuals with Chronic Pain
Authors: Ferreira-Valente Alexandra , Damião Cátia , Pais-Ribeiro José , Jensen Mark P 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Objective
Chronic pain is a multidimensional experience associated with psychosocial (e.g., pain-related beliefs and pain coping responses) and spiritual factors. Spirituality is a universal aspect of the human experience that has been hypothesized to impact pain experience via its effects on pain, physical/psychological function, resilience and pain-related beliefs, and pain coping responses. However, research evaluating the associations between measures of spirituality and measures of pain and function in individuals with chronic pain is limited. This study seeks to address this limitation.

Methods
Participants were 62 Portuguese adults with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Participants completed measures of spirituality, pain intensity, physical and psychological function, and pain coping responses.

Results
Spirituality as hope and a positive perspective toward life was positively and moderately associated with better psychological function and coping responses of ignoring pain sensations and coping self-statements. Spirituality as a search for meaning and sense of purpose was positively and moderately associated with the coping response of task persistence.

Conclusions
These findings suggest the possibility that spirituality may be a useful resource for facilitating psychological adjustment, potentially promoting the use of some adaptive pain coping responses.
Physiotherapy Based on a Biobehavioral Approach with or Without Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy in the Treatment of Nonspecific Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Grande-Alonso Mónica , Suso-Martí Luis , Cuenca-Martínez Ferran , Pardo-Montero Joaquín , Gil-Martínez Alfonso , La Touche Roy 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Objective
To compare the effectiveness of a biobehavioral approach with and without orthopedic manual physical therapy on the intensity and frequency of pain in patients diagnosed with nonspecific chronic low back pain.

Methods
A single-blind randomized controlled trial. Fifty patients were randomly allocated into two groups: one group received biobehavioral therapy with orthopedic manual physical therapy, and the other group received only biobehavioral therapy. Both groups completed a total of eight sessions, with a frequency of two sessions per week. The somatosensory, physical, and psychological variables were recorded at baseline and during the first and third month after initiation of treatment.

Results
In both groups, the treatment was effective, presenting significant differences for all the variables in the time factor. There were no significant differences between groups in intensity or frequency of pain, with a large effect size (&gt;0.80), but there were intragroup differences for both intervention groups at one- and three-month follow-up. There were also no significant differences between groups in the secondary variables during the same follow-up period.

Conclusions
The results of this study suggest that orthopedic manual physical therapy does not increase the effects of a treatment based on biobehavioral therapy in the short or medium term, but these results should be interpreted with caution.
“My Surgical Success”: Effect of a Digital Behavioral Pain Medicine Intervention on Time to Opioid Cessation After Breast Cancer Surgery—A Pilot Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Darnall Beth D , Ziadni Maisa S , Krishnamurthy Parthasarathy , Flood Pamela , Heathcote Lauren C , Mackey Ian G , Taub Chloe Jean , Wheeler Amanda 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Objective
This study aims to assess the feasibility of digital perioperative behavioral pain medicine intervention in breast cancer surgery and evaluate its impact on pain catastrophizing, pain, and opioid cessation after surgery.

Design and Setting
A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted at Stanford University (Palo Alto, CA, USA) comparing a digital behavioral pain medicine intervention (“My Surgical Success” [MSS]) with digital general health education (HE).

Participants
A convenience sample of 127 participants were randomized to treatment group. The analytic sample was 68 patients (N = 36 MSS, N = 32 HE).

Main Outcomes
The primary outcome was feasibility and acceptability of a digital behavioral pain medicine intervention (80% threshold for acceptability items). Secondary outcomes were pain catastrophizing, past seven-day average pain intensity, and time to opioid cessation after surgery for patients who initiated opioid use.

Results
The attrition rate for MSS intervention (44%) was notably higher than for HE controls (18%), but it was lower than typical attrition rates for e-health interventions (60–80%). Despite greater attrition for MSS, feasibility was demonstrated for the 56% of MSS engagers, and the 80% threshold for acceptability was met. We observed a floor effect for baseline pain catastrophizing, and no significant group differences were found for postsurgical pain catastrophizing or pain intensity. MSS was associated with 86% increased odds of opioid cessation within the 12-week study period relative to HE controls (hazard ratio = 1.86, 95% confidence interval = 1.12–3.10, P = 0.016).

Conclusions
Fifty-six percent of patients assigned to MSS engaged with the online platform and reported high satisfaction. MSS was associated with significantly accelerated opioid cessation after surgery (five-day difference) with no difference in pain report relative to controls. Perioperative digital behavioral pain medicine may be a low-cost, accessible adjunct that could promote opioid cessation after breast cancer surgery.
Intrinsic Connectivity of the Globus Pallidus: An Uncharted Marker of Functional Prognosis in People With First-Episode Schizophrenia
Authors: Tarcijonas Goda , Foran William , Haas Gretchen L , Luna Beatriz , Sarpal Deepak K 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThere is growing evidence suggesting that abnormalities in cortical-basal ganglia circuitry may play a significant role in determining outcomes in schizophrenia. The globus pallidus (GP), a critical structure within this circuitry, unique in its role as a mediator of competing inputs through the striatum, has not been well characterized in schizophrenia. The following study examined functional interactions of the GP in individuals with first-episode schizophrenia (FES). To probe the large-scale intrinsic connectivity of the GP, resting-state fMRI scans were obtained from patients with FES and sex and age-matched healthy controls. Participants with FES were also evaluated after 6 months via the Strauss–Carpenter Outcomes Scale to assess overall functional trajectory. The GP was parcellated to generate seeds within its substructures, and connectivity maps were generated. Our FES cohort showed significantly lower functional connectivity between the left GP interna and a network of regions including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, caudate, and cerebellum at baseline. In addition, FES participants with lower overall scores of functioning at 6 months showed significantly decreased connectivity between the GP interna and the dorsal anterior cingulate and bilateral insula, all regions important for motivational salience. These results provide novel evidence for unique abnormalities in functional interactions of the GP with key prefrontal cortical regions in FES. Our findings also suggest that reduced prefrontal-pallidal connectivity may serve as a predictor of early functional outcome.
Abnormal Functional Relationship of Sensorimotor Network With Neurotransmitter-Related Nuclei via Subcortical-Cortical Loops in Manic and Depressive Phases of Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Martino Matteo , Magioncalda Paola , Conio Benedetta , Capobianco Laura , Russo Daniel , Adavastro Giulia , Tumati Shankar , Tan Zhonglin , Lee Hsin-Chien , Lane Timothy J , Amore Mario , Inglese Matilde , Northoff Georg 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Objective
Manic and depressive phases of bipolar disorder (BD) show opposite psychomotor symptoms. Neuronally, these may depend on altered relationships between sensorimotor network (SMN) and subcortical structures. The study aimed to investigate the functional relationships of SMN with substantia nigra (SN) and raphe nuclei (RN) via subcortical-cortical loops, and their alteration in bipolar mania and depression, as characterized by psychomotor excitation and inhibition.

Method
In this resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study on healthy (n = 67) and BD patients (n = 100), (1) functional connectivity (FC) between thalamus and SMN was calculated and correlated with FC from SN or RN to basal ganglia (BG)/thalamus in healthy; (2) using an a-priori-driven approach, thalamus-SMN FC, SN-BG/thalamus FC, and RN-BG/thalamus FC were compared between healthy and BD, focusing on manic (n = 34) and inhibited depressed (n = 21) patients.

Results
(1) In healthy, the thalamus-SMN FC showed a quadratic correlation with SN-BG/thalamus FC and a linear negative correlation with RN-BG/thalamus FC. Accordingly, the SN-related FC appears to enable the thalamus-SMN coupling, while the RN-related FC affects it favoring anti-correlation. (2) In BD, mania showed an increase in thalamus-SMN FC toward positive values (ie, thalamus-SMN abnormal coupling) paralleled by reduction of RN-BG/thalamus FC. By contrast, inhibited depression showed a decrease in thalamus-SMN FC toward around-zero values (ie, thalamus-SMN disconnection) paralleled by reduction of SN-BG/thalamus FC (and RN-BG/thalamus FC). The results were replicated in independent HC and BD datasets.

Conclusions
These findings suggest an abnormal relationship of SMN with neurotransmitters-related areas via subcortical-cortical loops in mania and inhibited depression, finally resulting in psychomotor alterations.
Challenging the orthodoxy: a critique of Re Goldcorp and the English law approach to the certainty of subject matter
Authors: Chung Benny 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Re Goldcorp Exchange Limited is a landmark, but in my opinion, mistaken Privy Council (PC) decision. First, the PC failed to apprehend the nature of bullion investment and applied the wrong legal standard. Meanwhile, I also argue that the tangible/intangible dichotomy, which is commonly adopted, is mistaken. Secondly, the approach taken by the PC was inconsistent with several common legal theories/principles. Thirdly, even if I was wrong in my previous arguments, the PC was still mistaken in holding that equitable rescission was not available to Goldcorp’s customers, who suffered financial losses, even though there existed misrepresentations.
HIV and aging
Authors: Kwong Jeffrey , Reyes Darcel , Murphy Nancy , Loveless Thomas J. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract:
Estimates indicate 70% of all individuals with HIV will be age 50 or older by 2030. Chronic conditions, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, kidney disease, malignancies, neurocognitive disorders, and osteopenia or osteoporosis, occur more frequently in patients with HIV and have become the leading cause of morbidity in this population. NPs play an integral role in helping this population age healthfully.
Youth With Chronic Pain and a History of Adverse Childhood Experiences in the Context of Multidisciplinary Pain Rehabilitation
Authors: Nelson Sarah , Smith Kelly , Sethna Navil , Logan Deirdre 
Published: March 2019

Objectives:
Previous research has shown that youth with chronic pain who presented for a multidisciplinary evaluation report a history of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) (eg, abuse, neglect, parent/guardian separation or divorce) at a high rate (over 80%) and that those with pain and ACEs experience increased psychosocial impairment. Outside of chronic pain, evidence also suggests that youth with a history of ACEs experience poorer treatment outcomes. However, no study to date has examined treatment outcomes in youth with chronic pain and a history of ACEs. The current study aimed to examine the role of ACEs in multidisciplinary intensive pain rehabilitation treatment outcomes for youth with chronic pain.

Methods:
The sample included 305 youth who had undergone intensive pain rehabilitation. Outcomes examined included pain-related and psychosocial impairment measured at baseline and discharge from the program.

Results:
Results indicated that ∼59% of this sample reported a history of ACEs with ∼21% reporting a history of ≥2 ACEs. At baseline, youth with an ACEs history reported higher somatic symptoms. However, no significant interaction was found across treatment timepoints between ACEs history and time.

Conclusions:
ACEs history was not a significant factor in treatment outcomes for youth with chronic pain who presented to intensive pain rehabilitation. However, the difference in report of ACEs history across treatment settings indicates that ACEs may be a barrier for youth to engage in recommended outpatient treatment before presenting to pain rehabilitation. Research is needed to further examine this phenomenon.
Hyperlactatemia After Intracranial Tumor Surgery Does Not Affect 6-Month Survival: A Retrospective Case Series
Authors: de Smalen Peter P. , van Ark Tom J. , Stolker Robert J. , Vincent Arnaud J.P.E. , Klimek Markus 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Patients undergoing neurosurgery frequently exhibit hyperlactatemia. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with hyperlactatemia and assess how hyperlactatemia impacts survival and hospital length of stay after intracranial tumor surgery.

Materials and Methods:
This retrospective cohort study included 496 adult patients that underwent surgery between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2015. We evaluated patient characteristics, surgery characteristics, pH, lactate, and blood glucose from blood samples collected on admission to the high-dependency unit and the morning after surgery, and 6-month outcome data.

Results:
Hyperlactatemia (>2.0 mmol/L) occurred in >50% of patients, but only 7.7% had acidosis. Postoperative hyperlactatemia was not correlated with 6-month survival (P=0.987), but was correlated with (median [interquartile range]) longer hospital stays (6 [4 to 8.5] d vs. 5 [4 to 8] d; P=0.006), longer surgery duration (4:53 [4:01 to 6:18] h:min vs. 4:28 [3:33 to 5:53] h:min; P=0.001), higher dexamethasone dose (16 [16 to 35] mg vs. 16 [16 to 20] mg; P<0.001), and higher blood glucose concentration (8.4 [7.5 to 9.6] mmol/L vs. 8.0 [7.1 to 8.9] mmol/L; P<0.001). Patients that received total intravenous anesthesia developed hyperlactatemia less frequently than those that received balanced anesthesia with inhalational agents (48.4% vs. 61.5%, P=0.008). Hyperlactatemia was not associated with increased postoperative neurological deficits or the need for rehabilitation therapy.

Conclusions:
Hyperlactatemia was common after intracranial tumor surgery. It did not influence 6-month outcomes but was associated with longer hospital length of stay. Several potential causative factors for hyperlactatemia were identified.
Hypertensive Postpartum Admissions Among Women Without a History of Hypertension or Preeclampsia
Authors: Wen Timothy , Wright Jason D. , Goffman Dena , D'Alton Mary E. , Attenello Frank J. , Mack William J. , Friedman Alexander M. 
Published: March 2019

OBJECTIVE:
To analyze risk factors, temporality, and outcomes for women readmitted postpartum for a hypertensive indication who did not have a hypertensive diagnosis during their delivery hospitalization.

METHODS:
The Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's Nationwide Readmissions Database for 2010–2014 was used to evaluate risk for postpartum readmission for preeclampsia and hypertension within 60 days of discharge from a delivery hospitalization among women without these diagnoses during delivery in this cohort study. Obstetric, medical, demographic, and hospital factors associated with postpartum readmission were analyzed. Both unadjusted and adjusted analyses were performed. Risk was characterized as unadjusted and adjusted risk ratio with 95% CI. As a secondary outcome, risk for severe maternal morbidity during readmissions was also evaluated comparing women with and without hypertensive diagnoses during their delivery hospitalization.

RESULTS:
Among delivery hospitalizations without a hypertensive diagnosis at delivery, absolute rates of readmission within 60 days for a hypertensive indication were low, with one readmission occurring per 687 deliveries for all women. The rate rose to 1 in 498 among women 35–39 years of age, 1 in 337 for women 40–54, 1 in 601 for women with Medicaid, 1 in 506 for women with Medicare, 1 in 497 with cesarean delivery, 1 in 600 with postpartum hemorrhage, 1 in 455 and 1 in 378 for gestational and pregestational diabetes, respectively, 1 in 428 for asthma, 1 in 225 for chronic kidney disease, and 1 in 214 for lupus. For the secondary outcome, risk for severe maternal morbidity was higher for women without a hypertensive indication during their delivery compared with women with a diagnosis (12.1% vs 6.9%, P<.01).

CONCLUSION:
Risk for hypertensive postpartum readmissions for women without delivery-hospitalization preeclampsia or hypertension is low. Future comparative effectiveness and clinical research is indicated to determine whether earlier postpartum identification of elevated blood pressure followed by increased surveillance and counseling may further reduce risk.
Postpartum Contraception Usage Among Somali Women in Olmsted County, Minnesota
Authors: Cope Adela G. , Mara Kristin C. , Weaver Amy L. , Casey Petra M. 
Published: March 2019

OBJECTIVE:
To compare postpartum contraception use between Somali and non-Somali women.

METHODS:
A retrospective cohort study was performed using the Rochester Epidemiology Project. All Somali women aged 18 and older with live singleton births in Olmsted County, Minnesota, in 2009–2015 (n=317) were included, and a group of age-matched non-Somali women (n=317) were identified. Postpartum contraception was defined as the use of any method within 12 months after the first delivery within the study period. Rates of contraception use and types of contraception used were compared between groups using χ2 analysis. Among Somali women, an a priori list of factors was evaluated for associations with postpartum contraception use by including these factors in a multivariable logistic regression model.

RESULTS:
After the index birth, 33 Somali women did not present for follow-up, compared with 12 non-Somali women (10.4% vs 3.8%, difference 6.6%, 95% CI 2.3–10.9%). Somali women were less likely to use postpartum contraception than non-Somali women (69.4% vs 92.8%, odds ratio [OR] 0.18, 95% CI 0.11–0.29). Among those using postpartum contraception, both groups had comparable use of long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) (19.9% vs 23.7%, difference −3.8%, 95% CI −11.8% to 4.0%) and non-LARC hormonal contraception (39.3% vs 42.4%, difference −3.1%, 95% CI −12.7% to 6.0%). However, Somali women were more likely to use less reliable methods (40.3% vs 20.8%, difference 19.5%, 95% CI 11.0–28.5%). Among Somali women, contraception use was less likely with older maternal age (OR 0.12 for oldest vs youngest quartile, 95% CI 0.04–0.37) and more likely with prepregnancy contraception use (OR 15.46, 95% CI 5.18–46.18).

CONCLUSION:
Somali women were less likely to use postpartum contraception. Similar practices and beliefs may also be present in other immigrant populations. Recognition of sociocultural differences in immigrant populations and potential health care provider biases may improve patient–provider relationships and counseling practices.