bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a Stability Indicating Method for Simultaneous Analysis of Five Water-Soluble Vitamins by Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Yessaad Mouloud , Bernard Lise , Bourdeaux Daniel , Chennell Philip , Sautou Valérie 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background
Water-soluble vitamins are often included simultaneously in pharmaceutical formulations as food complements or in parenteral nutrition mixtures. Given their sensitivity to heat, light or pH variations, it is important to study their stability using validated stability indicating methods. We thus aimed to validate a liquid chromatography (LC) stability-indicating method for the simultaneous quantification of 5 water-soluble vitamins.

Methods
We analyzed four water-soluble B vitamins (nicotinamide, pyridoxine, folic acid, cyanocobalamin) and ascorbic acid using a LC method with diode array detector. They were separated on a C18 stationary phase under gradient elution of solvent A [0.2 % of metaphosphoric acid in water and acetonitrile 98:2] and solvent B (100 % acetonitrile). All vitamins were subjected to forced degradation conditions and we showed that the obtained degradation products didn’t interfere with the vitamins.

Results
The method allows the separation of the 5 water-soluble vitamins in a 30 minute run without any interference from the breakdown products obtained with acid/alkaline solutions, hydrogen peroxide, temperature and light. It meets all the qualitative and quantitative criteria for validation with an acceptable accuracy and good linearity.

Conclusions
This stability-indicating method can be used for carrying out stability studies of water-soluble vitamins in pharmaceutical preparations.
Wahibreemakhet at Saqqara
Authors: Villing Alexandra 
Published: November 2018

Summary
The case of Wahibreemakhet, son of Alexikles and Zenodote, is the most prominent example for the high status that Greeks – as mercenaries or advisors – could attain in Egypt under the Saite pharaohs. The present article argues that his final resting place should be identified in a tomb at Saqqara that was probably discovered by agents of Giovanni Anastasi in the 1820s and that contained not only Wahibreemakhet’s elaborate stone sarcophagus (now in Leiden), canopic jars (in Stockholm) and shabtis (in various collections), but also a set of limestone tomb reliefs recording spells from the Book of the Dead that are today in the collection of the British Museum and that were once erroneously attributed to ‘Campbell’s tomb’ at Giza. Wahibreemakhet’s rich burial, dating to the decades around 600 BC, and his ranking title ‘Royal Sealer’ illustrate both his social status and his assimilation to Egyptian culture.
“Cylinder seals for the lower classes”
Authors: Willems Harco 
Published: November 2018

Summary
Egyptologists have paid much attention to inscribed administrative seals and their impressions. By contrast, the so-called figure seals, which render no or hardly any text, but instead use icons and signs inspired on hieroglyphs which however yield no coherent sense, have received far less attention. Usually this material is related to the lower strata of society. According to current interpretations, it is rooted in the Egyptian culture of the later Old Kingdom and First Intermediate Period. The phenomenon would be a corollary of the decreasing prominence of central state authority in this era. Proceeding from a number of recent early Old Kingdom finds from al-Shaykh Saʽīd/Wādī Zabaydā, the present article argues that a) figure seals were continually in use from the late Predynastic until the late Old Kingdom and b) different from what is commonly assumed, stamp seals were in existence long before the late Old Kingdom. The article challenges the relationship between these object categories and developments specifically in late Old Kingdom Egypt.
Surgical Treatment for Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy with Concomitant Mitral Valve Abnormalities: A Cohort of 26 Cases
Authors: Song Bang-rong , Ren Yanlong , Zhang Hong-jia 
Published: November 2018

Background: We sought to analyze the pathological characteristics of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) with concomitant mitral valve abnormalities and to discuss the surgical treatment strategies.
Methods: The clinical data of 26 HOCM patients treated from January 2014 to March 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 19 males and 7 females with a mean age of 47 ± 16 years (range, 10-70 years). Echocardiography showed HOCM, systolic anterior motion of the mitral apparatus, and concomitant mitral regurgitation. Modified Morrow procedure with expanded resection area was performed in 21 patients. Concomitant mitral valvuloplasty was performed in 4 patients, coronary artery bypass grafting was performed in one patient, and aortic valve replacement was performed in one patient. Echocardiography was performed intraoperatively at postoperative 1 week and at postoperative 1 year to evaluate the left ventricular obstruction and the mitral regurgitation.
Results: The left ventricular outflow tract gradient, left ventricular outflow tract velocity, septal thickness, and mitral regurgitation area decreased significantly at postoperative 1 week and 1 year in comparison with the baseline (all P < .001). The postoperative mitral regurgitation and systolic anterior motion of the mitral apparatus were completely abolished or significantly relieved. Only one patient had moderate mitral regurgitation of 7 cm2 after the surgery. At postoperative 1 year, all patients were asymptomatic, and the quality of life was significantly improved. The New York Heart Association (NYHA) class was I-II. Echocardiography showed good anatomy and function of the mitral valve.
Conclusions: Concomitant mitral valve abnormality is not uncommon in HOCM. Septal myectomy can adequately expand the left ventricular outflow tract and abolish mitral regurgitation and systolic anterior motion of the mitral apparatus. Concomitant mitral valvuloplasty is indicated for severe congenital abnormalities or secondary lesions of the mitral valve, and the outcomes are satisfactory.
Functional Analysis of a Putative Target of Spatially Varying Selection in theMenin1Gene ofDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Svetec Nicolas , Saelao Perot , Cridland Julie M , Hoffmann Ary A , Begun David J 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWhile significant effort has been devoted to investigating the potential influence of spatially varying selection on genomic variation, relatively little effort has been devoted to experimental analysis of putative variants or genes experiencing such selection. Previous population genetic work identified an amino acid polymorphism in the Mnn1 gene as one of the most strongly latitudinally differentiated SNPs in the genome of Drosophila melanogaster in the United States and Australia. Here we report the results of our transgenic analysis of this amino acid polymorphism. Genotypes carrying alternative Mnn1 alleles differed in multiple phenotypes in a direction generally consistent with phenotypic differences previously observed along latitudinal clines. These results support inferences from earlier population genomic work that this variant influences fitness, and support the idea that the alleles exhibiting clines may be likely to have pleiotropic effects that are correlated along the axes favored by natural selection.
The effect of electrical discharge treatment of milk whey on partial conversion of lactose into lactobionic acid
Authors: Kochubei-Lytvynenko О. 
Published: November 2018

The article considers the scientific aspects of probable partial transformation of lactose into lactobionic acid due to the electrical discharge dispersion of magnesium and manganese conductive granules in milk whey – a traditional lactose-containing raw material. The object of this study was milk whey, defatted and with casein dust particles removed, which was treated in a discharge chamber with a conductive layer of magnesium and/or manganese granules at (20±2)°С with 120–180 s of exposure. A UPLC-MS/MS analysis of milk whey was carried out using a TSQ Vantage chromatograph-mass spectrometer (ThermoFinnigan, USA) connected to a Dionex Ultimate 3000 liquid chromatograph. The changes have been studied taking place in pH and redox potential of milk whey after electrical discharge treatment, as compared to the original whey. It has been established that electrical discharge treatment with 180 s of exposure increases the Mg content in milk whey by approximately 4 times, and increases the Mn content by 3.5 times. The dispersed metal particles are found in nano- (about 30 nm) and microscale (100 nm to 10 µm). The UPLC-MS/MS analysis of the test samples of whey that underwent electrical discharge treatment allowed identifying a chromatographic peak [M–H]–=357 m/z related to lactobionic acid. The derivative lactose content increased by 2 times in the whey samples treated for 180 s in a reaction chamber with a conductive layer of Mg between the corresponding electrodes, as compared to the original whey, and by 4 times in the samples subsequently treated in the reaction chambers with a layer of Mg and Mn granules between the corresponding electrodes, with 120 s of exposure in each chamber. The way has been presented of solving the problem of complex, economically practical and environmentally safe processing of milk whey with the prospect of obtaining lactobionic acid, a biologically valuable derivative of lactose.
The peculiarities of crystal formation during freezing of broccoli
Authors: Belinska S. , Levitskaya S. , Каmienieva N. , Roskladka А. , Kitayev O. 
Published: November 2018

The peculiarities of crystallization during the freezing of the inflorescences broccoli of Parthenon sort, zoned cabbage in Ukraine, have been researched and analyzed. The mass fraction of moisture and the form of its connection with dry substances in freshly picked cabbage and depending on the methods of pretreatment before freezing were determined: blanching for 3 minutes at a temperature of 85°C and exposition in the 3% salt solution for 20 minutes.
It is established that in the general part of moisture prevails osmotically-absorbed. When blanching cabbage, the amount of the colloid-bound moisture is significantly reduced and the amount of osmotic-absorbed increased. It is predefined by partial dеnaturаtion of the protein and by the decline of him to moisture keeping ability. Exposure in solution of NaCl substantially does not influence on the change of forms of the moisture binding.
Study of the process of the crystals formation was undertaken by the method of differentially thermal analysis. Analysis of the exothermic processes shows that the optimum temperature for storage of non treating broccoli is –14.5°C, at which crystallization occurs all forms of physical and chemically bonded water, which helps to maximize the preservation of consumer properties of cabbage The inflorescences exposure in the salt solution, compared with the most commonly used blanching operation, also contributes to reducing the energy intensity of the production, as it provides the crystallization of all forms of water at a temperature of –10°C, which is substantially lower than the temperature regulated by the regulatory documents –18°С.
A forecast model of the dependence of the crystallization initiation temperature on the mass fraction of moisture has been developed. The use of the presented model will help to manage the process of crystallization to improve the quality of the frozen broccoli cabbage.
Edible film-forming coating with CO2-extracts of plants for meat products
Authors: Soletska A. , Nistor K. , Hevryk V. 
Published: November 2018

In this work, a film-forming coating for natural semi-finished pork meat has been developed, which has barrier properties against microbial flora and free oxygen radicals. Polysaccharides such as agar, gelatin, cornstarch, and citrus pectin were used as components of a film-forming coating, as well as CO2-extracts of parsley and ginger. It has been found that the most effective is a coating with the following composition: agar – 0.25%, citrus pectin – 0.5%, citric acid – 0.5%, CO2-extract of parsley or CO2-extract of ginger – 0.1%. This coating prolongs the shelf life of natural semi-finished pork meat at a storage temperature (–1…+1)°С for 2 days compared with the traditional technology.Studying the effect of the film-forming coating developed on the organoleptic properties of meat has shown that on the 7th day of storage at a temperature (–1…+1)°С, there were no signs of spoilage like putrid smell, greenish stain, and sliminess that were observed in the samples without coating. The study of the effect of the coating on the microbiological parameters of the meat has shown that the best microbiologcal stability that does not exceed the allowable values after 7 days of storage at a storage temperature (–1…+1)°C is that of the sample covered with the film-forming coating with a CO2-extract of parsley. The study of the effect of the film-forming coating on the physical and chemical properties of meat has shown that peroxide number of its fat content is lower by 0.007% of iodine, and the acid number of its fat content is 0.39 mg KOH/kg of fat lower compared to the values of these parameters in the meat samples without coating. Besides, during storage, the mass loss in the meat samples covered with the coating developed was about 6 % less, thus reducing drying loss.
Investigation of the safety grapeseed powder as an alternative to cocoa-powder in a confectionery glaze
Authors: Gorodyska O. , Grevtseva N. , Samokhvalova O. , Savchenko O. , Grygorenko A. 
Published: November 2018

The article considers the safety and environmental cleanliness of grapeseed powders compared to the natural and alkalized cocoa powders. The content of heavy metals in the investigated powders has been determined by the atomic adsorption method; radionuclide activity has been determined by the spectrometric method; the presence of mycotoxins B1, T-2-toxin, zearalenone, and deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin) has been determined by thin-layer chromatography; the amount of nitrates has been determined by the ionometric method; contamination of powders with organophosphorous and organochlorine pesticides has been determined by chromatographic method.
According to the results of experiments, the content of heavy metals in all investigated powders is within the limits of the maximum permissible concentration, whilst powders of grapeseeds are notable for a significantly lower mass content of plumbum, zinc, copper salts. As for the radioactivity of grapeseed powders, the activity of radionuclides is significantly below the permissible level. Presence of aflatoxin В1 has been detected in the alkalized cocoa powder sample, of zearalenone – in the grapeseed powder oilcake sample. Their concentration does not exceed the allowable concentration. Mycotoxines are absent in other samples investigated. Concentration of nitrates in the natural and alkalized cocoa powder samples is by 20–30 times higher than that found in grapeseed powders. The content of organophosphorous and organochlorine pesticides in all cocoa powder samples and all grapeseed containing powders is below the method’s threshold of detectability. The glaze samples containing the additives investigated have a considerably lower content of heavy metals compared to the reference samples.
Glaze with cocoa powder partially replaced with grapeseed powders has high organoleptic quality parameters. During the glazing process, it is applied on the surface of products in thin layers and cools down in small waves. The results obtained prove that domestic raw materials are safe for human health, and confectionery glaze containing grapeseed powders as partial replacement of the cocoa powder has high safety characteristics.
Reagent purification of the processing industry enterprises effluents
Authors: Malovanyy М. , Krusir G. , Holodovska О. , Masikevych A. 
Published: November 2018

The article represents the results of research of the effluents purification by the reagent methods. The effluents were polluted by organic compounds of processing enterprises with small productivity. The analysis of pollution of the hydrosphere caused by the processing enterprises is carried out and the promising methods of cleaning wastewater from pollution are given. As an object of research, the streams of the production site of the fruit and vegetable juices of the Buzky Canning Factory were used. As a reagent-oxidant, sodium hypochlorite was studied. The mechanism of purification of contaminated wastewater with sodium hypochlorite is considered in detail. The task of experimental studies was to determine the flow of sodium hypochlorite where wastewater treatment is carried out to a level lower than that regulated by standards. The criterion for cleaning efficiency was two indicators of water quality: chemical oxygen consumption (COC) and dry residue. The results of the conducted studies allow us to conclude that the use of sodium hypochlorite for purification of fruit and vegetable juice from organic pollutants is promising. It is established that for effluents of the Buzky canning plant, optimal use is made for purification of effluents of hypochlorite in the ratio of 0.5 dm3/m3 of wastewater that is being purified. To ensure environmental safety from possible contamination of unreacted hypochlorite of treated wastewater, an estimation of the cost of hyprochlorite for purification and comparison of residual concentrations with normalized parameters was carried out. The kinetics of oxidation of organic impurities in effluents was also studied, which was expressed by the degree of reduction of the COC solution in the process of reacting it with sodium hypochlorite. It is proved that the kinetics of the process of oxidation of organic contaminants is described by the equation valid for monomolecular reactions. For the system under study, the rate constant of the oxidation process of organic contaminants is 0,074 1/s. The principal scheme of purification of the effluents of the Buzky canning plant by sodium hypochlorite is proposed.
Neurosurgery Trainees’ Perspectives of the ‘Mock Viva’
Authors: McKenna Grainne 
Published: November 2018

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. The ‘viva voce’ examination has been a tradition in surgical training for over a century, and remains a key element of the ‘Fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons' (FRCS) Examination, which neurosurgery trainees must pass to complete their training. The aims of this study were to evaluate the educational value of an annual ‘mock viva’ as a formative assessment tool for neurosurgical trainees during their eight year training programme, to identify barriers to participating in the mock viva and to explore how these might be attenuated to increase levels of engagement. A mixed deductive and inductive methodology was employed for the study design and qualitative data analysis. Semi structured interviews were conducted with two cohorts of trainees (three pre-FRCS and three post-FRCS).Six overarching themes emerged from thematic analysis of coded qualitative data – ‘insight’, ‘performance’, ‘simulation’, ‘stress’, ‘differentiation strategies’, and ‘assessment versus learning’.Gaining insight into the format, standard, marking scheme, and processes of the final FRCS examination were considered key elements of the educational value of the mock viva and these were perceived to be acquired through high fidelity simulation of the FRCS exam, with high quality feedback on performance. The opportunity to observe the assessment of others offered insight into one's performance relative to peers as well as insight the perspective of the examiner conducting the assessment.Whilst they acknowledged negative 'stress' factors associated with the mock viva, post-FRCS trainees underscored the benefits of learning from substandard performances; of reflecting on these experiences and on the feedback they received, and they suggested that junior trainees lacked insight into the educational value of what are often perceived to be ‘negative’ experiences. Junior trainees were concerned that the potential learning value of the mock viva process was limited by their clinical knowledge and experience in the early stage of training.These overarching themes point to areas which could be targeted to enhance the educational value of the mock viva and to address the paradox of poor uptake amongst junior trainees.
Del aula al museo: estrategias profesionalizantes de los alumnos de Historia del Arte de la Universidad de León a través de un proyecto de innovación docente (2017) = From the class to the museum: professional strategies of students of Art History at the University of León through a project of teaching innovation (2017)
Authors: Teijeira Pablos María Dolores , Morais Vallejo Emilio , Morais Morán José Alberto 
Published: November 2018

<p>Resumen</p><p>Este artículo aborda el desarrollo y los resultados de un proyecto de innovación docente aplicado en el Grado de Historia del Arte de la Universidad de León, durante el año 2017, dentro del Plan de Innovación Docente de dicha institución.</p><p>Se presentan los antecedentes de esta actividad, así como un breve estado de la cuestión sobre las publicaciones que abordaron el desempeño profesional de los estudiantes tras terminar sus estudios. Finalmente se explica la metodología del proyecto objeto de análisis, las fases de realización, su relación con las competencias propias de estos estudios y los resultados obtenidos.</p><p> Abstract</p><p>This article analyzes the development and results of a project of teaching innovation applied in the degree of History of Art of the University of Le´on, during the year 2017, within the Plan of Teaching Innovation of this institution. The background of this activity is presented, as well as a brief state of the art on publications dealing with the professional performance of students after completing their studies. Finally, the methodology of the project under analysis, the phases of realization, its relationship with the competences of these studies and the results obtained are explained.</p>
Moving towards Universal Coverage of Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapies for Hepatitis C Infection in Canada: An Environmental Scan of Canadian Provinces and International Jurisdictions
Authors: Myers Samantha , Khosa Gurleen , Kuo I fan , Janzen Donica , Alessi-Severini Silvia 
Published: November 2018

Background: Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) have become the standard treatment for patients with chronic hepatitis C infections because of their high cure rates and favourable side effect profiles; however, access to this new class of agents has been limited because of its high cost. Public payers across Canada have implemented strict criteria for drug coverage in order to contain expenditures. Efforts have been made to improve access to medication for this high-burden condition. Recent coverage criteria across national and international jurisdictions have been compared.Methods: Coverage criteria for several DAAs were reviewed by accessing Canadian provincial drug formularies. International coverage (e.g., Europe, Australia, United States, Egypt, India) was reviewed by searching available literature. Results: Coverage criteria vary across Canada. By April 2018, most Canadian jurisdictions had removed the stage 2 liver fibrosis requirement for patients to be eligible for coverage. Internationally, patients’ access to DAAs differs significantly. Many jurisdictions restrict DAA prescribing authority to specialists and request documentation of chronic hepatitis C. In the US, considerable gaps of coverage are identifiable and patients might face significant financial burden to receive treatment. Conclusion: DAAs appear to be generally accessible through public drug plans in Canada compared to other countries.