bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis of Household Residential Preferences Across Neighbourhood Densities in Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Mugah Faith , Wangai Peter 
Published: November 2024

Rapid urban growth in Nairobi city outstrips demand and provision of adequate housing. The demand for housing in an area is dependent on the satisfaction of the resident’s needs and wants. This paper examines the residential preferences of residents in three residential estates, low, medium, and high densities in Nairobi City, Kenya. Data was collected by use of questionnaires that were administered to 267 households. Primary data was collected for this study. The data collected was analysed using factor analysis and ordinal regression. Data was presented in the form of tables. The results indicate residential preferences among high, medium and low-density areas vary. The most preferred factors for low-density residents were safety and security, open spaces and facilities; while the residents in high-density areas preferred housing diversity, local employment and close proximity to the workplace. The least preferred factor for low-density residents was close proximity to work place since they own cars hence they are more willing to commute while high-density residents prioritize proximity to work to minimize transportation costs. Residential preferences varied by density, age, gender, education and years lived in an estate. Preference for safer neighbourhoods with open spaces and facilities was high for residents in low-density areas while preference for neighbourhoods with housing diversity, local employment and close proximity to workplaces was high among the residents in high-density estates. These insights underscore the importance of addressing the varied needs and preferences of different demographic groups in urban planning and housing policy to create more equitable and livable communities in Nairobi in order to limit housing mismatch. This study contributes to the planning studies by firming up empirical evidence from developing countries that have high populations in urban areas
Digging into the Ultraviolet Luminosity Functions of Galaxies at High Redshifts: Galaxies Evolution, Reionization, and Cosmological Parameters
Authors: Wang Yi-Ying , Lei Lei , Tang Shao-Peng , Yuan Guan-Wen , Fan Yi-Zhong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Thanks to the successful performance of the James Webb Space Telescope, our understanding of the epoch of reionization of the Universe has been advanced. The ultraviolet luminosity functions (UV LFs) of galaxies span a wide range of redshifts, not only revealing the connection between galaxies and dark matter (DM) halos but also providing information during reionization. In this work, we develop a model connecting galaxy counts and apparent magnitude based on UV LFs, which incorporates redshift-dependent star formation efficiency (SFE) and corrections for dust attenuation. By synthesizing some observations across the redshift range of 4 ≤ z ≤ 10 from various galaxy surveys, we discern the evolving SFE with increasing redshift and DM halo mass through model fitting. Subsequent analyses indicate that the Thomson scattering optical depth was

τ

e

=

0.054

−
0.003

+
0.001

and the epoch of reionization started (ended) at

z
=

18.8

−
6.0

+
7.2

(

z
=

5.3

−
1.0

+
0.8

), which is insensitive to the choice of the truncated magnitude of the UV LFs. Incorporating additional data sets and some reasonable constraints, the amplitude of matter perturbation is found to be σ
8 = 0.80 ± 0.05, which is consistent with the standard ΛCDM model. Future galaxy surveys and the dynamical simulations of galaxy evolution will break the degeneracy between SFE and cosmological parameters, improving the accuracy and the precision of the UV LF model further.
Resonant Friction on Disks in Galactic Nuclei
Authors: Levin Yuri 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We argue that resonant friction has a dramatic effect on a disk whose rotation direction is misaligned with that of its host nuclear star cluster. The disk’s gravity causes gravitational perturbation of the cluster that in turn exerts a strong torque back onto the disk. We argue that this torque may be responsible for the observed disruption of the clockwise disk of young stars in the Galactic center, and show in numerical experiments that it produces the observed features in the distribution of the stars’ angular momenta. More generally, we speculate that the rotation of nuclear star clusters has a stabilizing effect on the orientation of transient massive accretion disks around the supermassive black holes residing in their centers, and thus on the directions and magnitudes of the black hole spins.
Synchrotron Polarization of a Hybrid Distribution of Relativistic Thermal and Nonthermal Electrons in Gamma-Ray Burst Prompt Emission
Authors: Kangfa Cheng , Mao Jirong , Xiaohong Zhao , Hongbang Liu , Kole Merlin , Produit Nicolas , Zhifu Chen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Synchrotron polarization of relativistic nonthermal electrons in gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) has been widely studied. However, recent numerical simulations of relativistic shocks and magnetic reconnection have found that a more realistic electron distribution consists of a power-law component plus a thermal component, which requires observational validation. In this paper, we investigate synchrotron polarization using a hybrid energy distribution of relativistic thermal and nonthermal electrons within a globally toroidal magnetic field in GRB prompt emission. Our results show that compared to the case of solely nonthermal electrons, the synchrotron polarization degrees (PDs) in these hybrid electrons can vary widely, depending on different parameters, and that the PD decreases progressively with frequency in the gamma-ray, X-ray, and optical bands. The time-averaged PD spectrum displays a significant bump in the gamma-ray and X-ray bands, with the PDs higher than ∼60% if the thermal peak energy of the electrons is much smaller than the conjunctive energy of the electrons between the thermal and nonthermal distributions. The high-synchrotron PDs (≳60%) in the gamma-ray and X-ray bands, which generally cannot be produced by solely nonthermal electrons with typical power-law slopes, can be achieved by hybrid electrons and primarily originates from the exponential decay part of the thermal component. Moreover, this model can roughly explain the PDs and spectral properties of some GRBs, where GRB 110301A with a high PD (

70

−
22

+
22

%

) may be potential evidence for the existence of relativistic thermal electrons.
All Around the Wrekin: The Midlands as (M)otherland in Liz Berry’s Poetry
Authors: Braun Alice , Hélie Claire , Trainor Samuel 
Published: November 2024

This article explores the themes of place and transition in the poetry of Liz Berry, especially in Black Country (2014) and The Republic of Motherhood (2018). Berry is an avid reader of the major figures of Midlands poetry, like Roy Fisher, and works closely with other local poets and artists, like R. M. Francis and Tom Hicks. Her poems inhabit and rechart the landscape of the West Midlands, its industrial past, its ecological and artistic transformations. However, her work extends beyond the geographical to explore another land, that of motherhood. Ultimately, her voice breathes new life into the prosodic landscapes of the Black Country accent during the performances of her poems.
Due North? British Nature Writing Prizes: Reworking Cardinal Points in Contemporary British Nature Writing
Authors: Beaufils Cécile 
Published: November 2024

Recent publications belonging to British nature writing have been marked by an evolution in the representation of space and geography. Some authors have focused on reworking boundaries and direction, for instance in 2012 Poet Laureate Simon Armitage insisted in Walking Home that he should walk “in the wrong direction”, or Robert Macfarlane, who in 2012 partly structured The Old Ways according to the cardinal points which directed his walking explorations. Other authors choose to rework tropes belonging to the use of fixed points of reference in space by exploring directions as set markers, like Melissa Harrison with All Among the Barley (2018), which is set in East Anglia, or Sarah Hall in The Wolf Border (2015). As stressed by Abberley et al. in Land Lines it cannot be assumed that nature and nature writing work as markers for conservative ideals either, and it can be argued that such recent works have done much to reinvent nature writing as a genre which can exist with a strong sense of directional markers and cardinal points and a distinct aesthetics which points at connectedness. To examine the representation of such directions, we will pay particular attention to recent publications, and more specifically to two texts which were each awarded a recent literary prize (given the prolific quality of the field, readers have required an increase in orientation themselves): Uprooting (Marchelle Farrell 2023), which won the Nan Shepherd Prize in 2021, and English Pastoral (James Rebanks 2021), which won the Wainwright Prize the same year. We will then endeavour to observe the structuring role of cardinal points in these texts and their place in a quickly-evolving literary field.
L’occupation du haut Moyen Âge (ive-xe s.) des Huguetières à La Chevrolière (Loire-Atlantique) : la composante économique d’un domaine ?
Authors: Peytremann Édith , Forré Philippe , Poilpré Pierre , Wiethold Julian , Zaour Nolwenn 
Published: November 2024

L’occupation alto-médiévale du site des Huguetières à La Chevrolière, en Loire-Atlantique, s’inscrit dans la continuité des précédentes, datées des périodes pré- et protohistoriques et de l’Antiquité. Elle se caractérise par la présence de deux enclos palissadés monumentaux et d’un atelier sidérurgique où sont attestées les différentes étapes du système de production, du minerai à la forge. La singularité des infrastructures ainsi que les indices matériels (lampes à huile, meules exogènes, ardillon damasquiné de laiton, etc.) posent la double question de la survivance sur une longue période d’un ensemble foncier, et de l’appartenance sociale des propriétaires. Ce site est en effet localisé à proximité d’une villa gallo-romaine et au sein d’un domaine foncier correspondant au siège de la châtellenie des Huguetières, dont l’existence, attestée depuis le xiiie s., pourrait se révéler bien antérieure à ses premières mentions écrites.
αPDL2 treats melanoma in an IL17 and IFNγ dependent mechanism mediated by CD8 and γδ T cells
Authors: Tanner Chris , Ontiveros Carlos , Bai Haiyan , Garcia Myrna 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) strategies have transformed immunotherapy with demonstrated efficacy including in melanoma. Nonetheless, most tumors do not respond to approved ICB agents. PDL2 is a relatively understudied immune checkpoint molecule that binds PD1 with higher affinity than PDL1, and also binds RGMb. We found that αPDL2 effectively treats subcutaneous B16 and Nras-mutated melanomas in aged but not young mice. αPDL2 efficacy in aged B16 requires host IL17 which induces IFNγ and is mediated by both γδ and CD8+ T cells. IL17 increased CXCR3+IFNγ+ immune cells, also supporting improved trafficking as a mechanism. αPDL2 augments B16-infiltrating γδ T cell numbers in aged mice, which boost tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cell functions (e.g., IFNγ[TC1] ) but not numbers. CD8+ T cells did not appear to improve δγ T cell functions or numbers. αPDL2 also increased tumor infiltrating NK cells, CD4+ T cells, and dendritic cells that can mediate anti-tumor immunity. αPDL2 effectively treats heterotopic subcutaneous MB49 bladder cancer in young and aged mice showing effects are not restricted to only aged. Furthermore, lack of tumor PDL2 expression did not alter αPDL2 efficacy observed. PDL2 is thus a viable ICB target for treatment of cancer in select patient populations, including the aged.
Inducing Neoepitopes in Cancer Cells Unmasks Tumors to the Immune System
Authors: Volpatti Lisa , Borjas Gustavo , Rosenthal Joshua , Hubbell Jeffrey 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is limited to a subset of cancer types. The treatment of immunologically cold tumors that lack T cell infiltration remains a challenge. Since tumor mutational burden correlates with ICI efficacy, here our objective is to artificially induce “mutations” in cancer cells at the level of RNA to unmask cold tumors to the immune system and render them susceptible to ICI. To accomplish this, we engineered human Adenosine Deaminase that Acts on RNA 2 (ADAR2) to create abundant, genome-wide editing events. We hypothesized that these edits would induce neoepitopes and unmask tumors to the immune system. We tested this hypothesis in immunologically cold murine melanoma (B16F10). Mice received one injection of adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) encoding ADAR2 in combination with αPD1. Tumor growth was suppressed upon treatment, resulting in a significant improvement in overall survival compared to αPD1 monotherapy. Flow cytometry analysis of the tumor revealed significantly increased CD8+ T cell infiltration and tumor-specific T cells as well as a reduction of regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. In an immune excluded model of breast cancer (EMT6), we achieve complete remission of established tumors in a quarter of treated mice. Thus, inducing neoepitopes through RNA editing may be a novel method of enhancing immunotherapy by unmasking a variety of cold tumors to the immune system.
Developing thymocytes cue in unique subsets of neurons to support optimal thymic architecture
Authors: Hoyt-Miggelbrink Alexandra , Pfaller Christian , Yokanovich Lila , Jin Fang , Johnson Aaron , Ayasoufi Katayoun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Peripheral nervous system innervation of various organs has been associated with the development and maintenance of the immune system. Interestingly, various neurological insults including brain tumors, intracranial metastases, and neurotropic infections have been shown to have profound impacts on peripheral immunity, including thymic size and cellularity. Therefore, we sought to determine whether the thymus was directly innervated. Using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, we identified a population of cells within the thymus that contained both neuronal markers and morphology. Subsets expressed tyrosine hydroxylase, BIII tubulin and/or NeuN, distinguishing them from thymic epithelial cells. These cells do not express AIRE, further highlighting their neuronal identity. Interestingly, a subset of these neurons also express MCH-II, implying a potential role in T cell selection. Neuronal cell bodies and/or axonal processes were identified within the thymus. Using retrograde rabies virus-derived neurotracers, we confirmed axonal connections and the identity of thymic neurons. Finally, both neuronal and epithelial cells were absent in RAG-deficient mice, suggesting a shared differentiation or survival pathway. Both populations could be restored by introducing healthy bone marrow. To summarize, we describe a novel population of neuronal cells within the thymus that interact with developing thymocytes to establish optimal thymic architecture.
Self-supervised deep learning enables label-free, high-dimensional morphology profiling of immune cell types
Authors: Balakrishnan Michelle , Boutet Stephane , Saini Kiran , Zhang Senzeyu , Wong-Thai Amy , Lu Vivian , Carelli Ryan , Jacobs Kevin , Jovic Andreja , Mavropoulos Anastasia , Masaeli Maddison 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Immunophenotyping & detecting cell subsets are key parts of immunology research. To determine whether morphology as a quantitative, high-dimensional analyte (morpholome) can phenotype and distinguish among cell types found in PBMCs more comprehensively & without labels we used the REM-I platform to assess patient-derived PBMC samples & purified immune cell subsets.
The REM-I platform combines high-speed imaging in flow on the REM-I instrument, and deep learning & computer vision in the Human Foundation Model (HFM). The HFM produces 115 embeddings that are reproducible, quantitative descriptions representing the morpholome of each cell in a sample that can be analyzed through interactive UMAPs, population analytics, & image visualizations.
Morpholomic analysis of patient-derived PBMC samples and purified immune cell subsets including CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, CD14+ monocytes, CD19+ B cells, CD38+ plasma cells, CD56+ NK cells, and macrophages, showed profiled cell subsets in distinct locations on the associated UMAP, indicating cell types are separable by morpholomics. Leiden clustering segregated cell groups by morphological features, with some cell subsets sharing common leiden clusters. Purified cell types derived from different donors consistently localized to the same high-density UMAP regions, indicating that diverse morphotypes are reproducible across different donors, & suggesting a link between morphological profile and cell function.
Keratin 17- and PKCα-dependent amplification of neutrophil influx after repeated stress to skin
Authors: Xu Yang , Cohen Erez , Johnson Craig , Parent Carole , Coulombe Pierre 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Neutrophils contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory skin diseases. Little is known about the source and identity of the signals mediating their recruitment in inflamed skin. We used the phorbol ester TPA and UVB, alone or in combination, to induce sterile inflammation in mouse skin and assess whether keratinocyte-derived signals impact neutrophil recruitment. A single TPA treatment results in a neutrophil influx in the dermis that peaks at 12h and resolves within 24h. A second TPA treatment or a UVB challenge, when applied at 24h but not 48h later, accelerates, amplifies, and prolongs neutrophil infiltration. This transient amplification response (TAR) is mediated by local signals in inflamed skin, can be recapitulated in ex vivo culture, and involves the K17-dependent sustainment of Protein Kinase C α (PKCα) activity and release of neutrophil chemoattractants by stressed keratinocytes. We show that K17 binds RACK1, an essential scaffolding protein for PKCα activity. Analyses of RNAseq data reveal the presence of a transcriptomic signature consistent with TAR and PKCα activation in chronic inflammatory skin diseases including psoriasis, hidradenitis suppurativa, and atopic dermatitis. These findings uncover a novel, transient, and keratin-dependent mechanism that amplifies neutrophil recruitment to the skin under stress, with direct implications for inflammatory skin disorders.
Surface CD6 regulates T cell adhesion and migration through direct ligand interaction and stabilization of VLA4
Authors: Ampudia Jeanette , Marrocco Valeria , Ritter Madison , Connelly Stephen , Ng Cherie 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The CD6-ALCAM pathway is an important regulator of T cell activity and trafficking. However, its precise role in modulating T-cell adhesion and migration during inflammation is unclear. To investigate its role in adhesion and transendothelial migration, we used itolizumab, an anti-CD6 mAb that can induce cleavage of CD6 from the T cell surface when in the presence of monocytes. PBMCs were stimulated overnight or left unstimulated prior to treatment with itolizumab to generate CD6low T cells. Cells were then tested in standard adhesion and migration assays.
The CD6 low T cells had ~ 50% decreased adherence to HUVEC cells compared to the control T cells (CD6high); similar results were observed by blocking ALCAM on HUVEC. Modulating CD6 on T cells or blocking ALCAM on the HUVEC also translated to a ~3-fold decrease in migration of Teff cells.
Loss of CD6 was associated with reduced protein levels of VLA4, but not of other integrins, under both stimulated (~70%) and non-stimulated conditions (~40%). Antibody blockade of CD6 without cleavage did not affect VLA4 levels, but still decreased migration of unstimulated T cells though less so than in stimulated T cells, where VLA4 reduction is required to modulate migration.
Our data demonstrate that CD6 contributes to cell adhesion/migration both through direct ligand interactions with ALCAM, and through the stabilization of cell membrane VLA4 and that these functions can be abrogated by modulation of cell surface levels of CD6.
Compromised antibody responses and memory lymphocyte formation to COVID-19 mRNA vaccination in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia undergoing maintenance chemotherapy
Authors: Chang Pei-De , Shieh Chi-Chang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, with 95% efficacy in the general population, have been shown to exhibit suboptimal effectiveness in hematological malignancy patients. Our previous published study revealed that COVID-19 vaccine responses were related to innate immune responses. In this study, we investigated the innate and adaptive immune responses to COVID-19 mRNA vaccines in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We longitudinally investigated the innate immune responses to PRR-agonists stimulation and after vaccine injection, along with vaccine-induced anti-S antibodies, S-specific memory B and T cell responses in 13 ALL children who completed or were undergoing maintenance chemotherapy and 24 healthy controls. We found that both ALL groups had impaired dsDNA-induced cytotoxic NK cell activation while patients in maintenance therapy also showed decreased dsRNA-induced activation in those cells. After vaccination, ALL children with completed therapy demonstrated similar S-specific antibody responses and memory B cells as healthy controls. In patients with maintenance therapy, these responses were notably reduced, especially cross-protective antibodies. Both ALL groups exhibited lower S-specific CD8+ T cells, which correlated with weaker TLR9 responses. In conclusion, we discovered the compromised vaccine responses in ALL children, especially those in maintenance chemotherapy, highlighting the importance of improved COVID-19 vaccines for this special group of patients.
Development of swine Fc-conjugated serotype O foot-and-mouth disease virus-like particles and immunological evaluation in swine
Authors: Shin Hyun-Jin , PARK JAE-YEON 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) has been declining as a result of efforts by many advanced countries to eradicate it. However, new vaccine types are being developed because FMD is still a problem in several countries, and vaccinations have safety concerns. In this study, we developed a new FMD vaccine using virus-like particles (VLPs) harboring the immunoglobulin G Fc molecule on their surface. Based on the results of vaccination studies in swine, we confirmed its high efficacy. In particular, we confirmed strong immune boosting by the addition of the swine IgG (sFc) region. The FMDV VLP-sFc vaccine produced higher amounts of Th1 cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-12, and TNF) and Th2 cytokines (IL-4) than the commercial vaccine. More importantly, FMDV VLP-sFc induced significantly higher levels of neutralizing antibodies. Taken together, our newly developed FMDV vaccine, FMDV VLP-sFc, may be a great new and effective FMDV vaccine.