bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Copper-catalyzed click reactions: quantification of retained copper using 64Cu-spiked Cu(I), exemplified for CuAAC reactions on liposomes
Authors: Wagener Karolin , Renisch Dennis , Schinnerer Meike , Worm Matthias , Jakob Yvonne , Eberhardt Klaus , Rösch Frank 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) is a powerful, highly reliable and selective reaction which allows for a rapid synthesis in high yields and under mild conditions (pH, temperature). However, the cytotoxicity of copper requires its complete removal prior to an application in vivo. This is an issue especially when it comes to CuAAC reactions on macromolecular structures or drug delivery systems, as copper might be retained by these systems. Thus, a quantification of the final copper content of these systems is inevitable, which we exemplified for a CuAAC reaction on liposomes using 64Cu-spiked Cu(I). In this respect, a Cu(II) nitrate solution was irradiated at the TRIGA Mark II research reactor Mainz to obtain c.a. [64Cu]Cu(II). The irradiated solution was directly used for a CuAAC on liposomes. After purification, their copper content was calculated utilizing γ-ray spectrometry. Only 0.018% of the added 64Cu-activity was still present in the liposome containing fractions after purification. This refers to a total amount of copper of 0.17 ng. The amount of retained copper is so low, that an in vivo application of the liposomes is absolutely reasonable. Besides this particular study, the experimental methodology may be applied to study many other CuAAC reactions, used for the synthesis of radiolabeled or non-radioactive species, which are intended for human applications.
Quantification of trace level rare earth elements in Al matrices by ICP-MS
Authors: Nagar Brijlesh Kumar , Deb Sadhan Bijoy , Saxena Manoj Kumar , Tomar Bhupendra Singh 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
A method has been developed for quantification of trace rare earth (Ce, Dy, Er, Eu, Gd, Ho, La, Nd, Pr, Sm, Tb and Yb) impurities in alumina and aluminum by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after matrix separation. The matrix separation was achieved by selective precipitation of trace elements. Due to its refractory nature a microwave digestion method was developed and optimized for the quantitative dissolution of Al2O3. The analytical methodology was validated by recovery studies with standard addition as well as with an independent γ-spectrometry technique using 152,154Eu tracers. The observed recovery in the synthetic samples was in the range of 93–100% with precision within 6.1–11.6 (%RSD), while the same in the case of radio tracer technique were found to be >98% and <2% (RSD), respectively. The method detection limit was found within 0.5–8.3 μg kg−1, respectively. The procedure is simple, organic waste free and suitable for routine analysis.
Foster-Hart optimization for currency portfolios
Authors: Kurosaki Tetsuo , Kim Young Shin 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
We examine the effectiveness of Foster-Hart optimization for currency portfolios. Compared to stock trading, short selling is quite common in currency trading. Combining long and short positions leads to maintaining positive expected portfolio returns. Foster-Hart optimization is more applicable to currency portfolios than to stock portfolios because the Foster-Hart risk measure is not defined for the gamble whose expected returns are negative. Our sample portfolio consists of ten European currencies. For time series analysis, we employ a generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) model with multivariate normal tempered stable (MNTS) distributed residuals in order to capture fat-tailedness, skewness, and asymmetric interdependence of exchange rate dynamics. Statistical tests indicate that the model is recommendable among the candidate models. We establish that Foster-Hart optimization is more profitable than standard techniques in this context.
Optimization of the GPU-based data evaluation for the low coherence interferometry
Authors: Li Yinan , Kästner Markus , Reithmeier Eduard 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Optical interferometers as non-contact measurement devices are very desirable for the measurement of surface roughness and
topography. Compared to phase shifting interferometers (PSIs) with a limited measurement range and a scan step of maximum
λ/4, the optical interferometers like low coherence interferometers (LCIs) evaluating the degree of fringe
coherence allow a larger vertical measurement range. Their vertical measurement range is only limited by the scan length
allowed by the linear piezo stage and the coherence length of the light source. To evaluate the obtained data for a large
range, the common LCIs require much computation time. To overcome this drawback, we present an evaluation algorithm based
on the Hilbert-Transform and curve fitting (Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm) using Compute Unified Device Architecture
(CUDA) technology, which allows parallel and independent data evaluation on General Purpose Graphics Processing Unit
(GPGPU). Firstly, the evaluation algorithm is implemented and tested on an in-house developed LCI, which is based on
Michelson configurations. Furthermore, we focus on the performance optimization of the GPU-based program using the
different approaches to further achieve efficient and accurate massive parallel computing. Finally, the performance
comparison for evaluating measurement data using different approaches is discussed in this paper.
Split noun phrase topicalization in Eshkevarat Gilaki
Authors: Kahnemuyipour Arsalan , Shabani Mansour 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSplit noun phrase topicalizationhas been the subject of intense studies across languages in the syntactic literature of the last few decades. One of the key questions raised for these constructions is whether they involve syntactic movement or base-generation. This paper explores this phenomenon in two understudied Iranian languages, Gilaki (Northwestern Iranian, Caspien) and Persian. In particular, we explore splits in two contexts, possessive constructions and numeral constructions. We develop diagnostics for distinguishing the two derivational possibilities, movement or base-generation, for the cases under investigation. We show that while Gilaki uses both derivational possibilities, movement in possessor split and base-generation in numeral split, Persian only allows for the latter with very similar behavior. We argue that possessor split occurs when the whole possessum DP/DemP moves out of its base position in a small clause. Numeral split occurs when the NP is replaced by a null nominal element, which is associated with an overt or pragmatic antecedent. We end the paper with a discussion of why an operation, movement or base-generation, is available for one construction but not the other.
How Rankings Produce Competition: The Case of Global University Rankings
Authors: Brankovic Jelena , Ringel Leopold , Werron Tobias 
Published: October 2018

ZusammenfassungDer Zusammenhang zwischen Rankings und Konkurrenz wird häufig unterstellt, aber selten genauer untersucht. Der vorliegende Aufsatz geht ihm am Beispiel globaler Universitätsrankings nach. Ausgehend von einem soziologischen Verständnis von Konkurrenz bestimmen wir „Ranken“ als eine soziale Operation, die vier Teiloperationen miteinander kombiniert: Vergleich von Leistungen, Quantifizierung, Visualisierung, und wiederholte Publikation. Visualisierung und Publikation stehen für die in der Literatur bisher kaum berücksichtigte performative Dimension von Rankings, die für die Analyse des Zusammenhangs zwischen Rankings und Konkurrenz von zentraler Bedeutung ist. Auf dieser Grundlage zeigen wir, wie globale Universitätsrankings zur Konstruktion von Konkurrenz beitragen: durch (a) Globalisierung eines spezifischen Exzellenzdiskurses; (b) Verknappung von Reputation; (c) Transformation einer stabilen in eine dynamische Statusordnung. Wir schließen mit einer Diskussion von Implikationen dieser Analyse für die soziologische Erforschung von Konkurrenz und ihrer gesellschaftlichen Effekte.
Structural features of uranyl acrylate complexes with s-, p-, and d-monovalent metals
Authors: Chekhomova Olga A. , Klepov Vladislav V. , Pushkin Denis V. , Alekseev Evgeny V. , Vologzhanina Anna V. , Serezhkina Larisa B. , Serezhkin Viktor N. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
A series of uranyl acrylate complexes with s-, p-, and d- monovalent cations (Li, Na, Tl, and Ag) was synthesized and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction and IR spectroscopy. We demonstrated that the nature of the monovalent cation strongly affects the composition and crystal structure of an uranyl acrylate. Li[UO2(acr)3]·H2O (1, acr=CH2CHCOO−) crystallizes in the tetragonal crystal system and is built of chains which are connected through hydrogen bonding. The presence of an acrylic acid dimer in the reaction results in the monoclinic compound Na3[UO2(acr)3][UO2(acr)2.5(CH2CHCOOCH2CH2COO)0.5]2·5H2O (2), in which the acrylic dimer shares a position with both the acrylate anion and a water molecule. Tl[UO2(acr)3] (3) exists as two polymorphs and crystallizes in either P1̅ (3a) or P2
1
3 (3b) space groups. The polymorphs differ in the dimensionality, 2D for 3a and 3D for 3b, and density. Ag2[UO2(NO3)2(acr)2]·2Hacr (4) is the first example of the Ag atom coordination to the acrylate anion through the vinyl group. In 4, the Ag–C bonds enhances the connectivity of the trinuclear [Ag2UO2(acr)2(Hacr)2(NO3)2] clusters into a layered coordination polymer. A detailed structural study of the obtained compounds was performed using Voronoi-Dirichlet tessellation.
Towards a More Well-Founded Cosmology
Authors: Traunmüller Hartmut 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFirst, this paper broaches the definition of science and the epistemic yield of tenets and approaches: phenomenological (descriptive only), well founded (solid first principles, conducive to deep understanding), provisional (falsifiable if universal, verifiable if existential), and imaginary (fictitious entities or processes, conducive to empirically unsupported beliefs). The Big Bang paradigm and the ΛCDM ‘concordance model’ involve such beliefs: the emanation of the universe out of a non-physical stage, cosmic inflation (hardly testable), Λ (fictitious energy), and ‘exotic’ dark matter. They fail in the confidence check that empirical science requires. They also face a problem in delimiting what expands from what does not. In the more well-founded cosmology that emerges, energy is conserved, the universe is persistent (not transient), and the ‘perfect cosmological principle’ holds. Waves and other field perturbations that propagate atc(the escape velocity of the universe) expand exponentially with distance. This results from gravitation. The galaxy web does not expand. Potential Φ varies as −H/(cz) instead of −1/r. Inertial forces reflect gradients present in comoving frames of accelerated bodies (interaction with the rest of the universe – not with space). They are increased where the universe appears blue-shifted and decreased more than proportionately at very low accelerations. A cut-off accelerationa0= 0.168cHis deduced. This explains the successful description of galaxy rotation curves by “Modified Newtonian Dynamics”. A fully elaborated physical theory is still pending. The recycling of energy via a cosmic ocean filled with photons (the cosmic microwave background), neutrinos and gravitons, and the wider implications for science are briefly discussed.
Measuring Flow Pattern Asymmetry of Oil-Water Two Phase Flows Using Multi-channel Rotating Electric Field Conductance Signals
Authors: He Yuansheng , Ren Yingyu , Han Yunfeng , Jin Ningde 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe present study is a report on the asymmetry of dispersed oil phase in vertical upward oil-water two phase flow. The multi-channel signals of the rotating electric field conductance sensor with eight electrodes are collected in a 20-mm inner diameter pipe, and typical images of low pattern are captured using a high speed camera. With the multi-channel rotating electric field conductance signals collected at pipe cross section, multi-scale time asymmetry (MSA) and an algorithm of multi-scale first-order difference scatter plot are employed to uncover the fluid dynamics of oil-water two phase flow. The results indicate that MSA can characterise the non-linear behaviours of oil-water two phase flow. Besides, the MSA analysis also beneficial for understanding the underlying inhomogeneous distribution of the flow pattern in different directions at pipe cross section.
Riemann–Hilbert Problem and Multi-Soliton Solutions of the Integrable Spin-1 Gross–Pitaevskii Equations
Authors: Wang Xiu-Bin , Han Bo 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Under investigation in this article is the integrable spin-1 Gross–Pitaevskii (SGP) equations, which can be used to describe light transmission in bimodal nonlinear optical fibres. The spectral analysis with 4 × 4 Lax pairs is performed for the integrable SGP equations, from which a Riemann Hilbert problem is formulated. Furthermore, N-soliton solutions of this integrable SGP equations are expressed in terms of solutions of the Riemann–Hilbert problem by using the Plemelj formulae. Finally, collision dynamics between two solitons is also analyzed. Our results can be used to enrich and explain some related nonlinear phenomena.
An efficient biotransformation of progesterone into 11α-hydroxyprogesterone by Rhizopus microsporus var. oligosporus
Authors: Nickavar Bahman , Vahidi Hossein , Eslami Mehrnoosh 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Rhizopus microsporus var. oligosporus is a fungus that belongs to the Mucoraceae family that is used for the preparation of some soy-fermented foods. Microbial biotransformation of progesterone by R. microsporus var. oligosporus afforded some monohydroxylated and dihydroxylated metabolites. The main product was purified using chromatographic methods and identified as 11α-hydroxyprogesterone on the basis of its spectroscopic features. Time course studies by high-performance thin-layer chromatography demonstrated that this fungi efficiently hydroxylated progesterone at the 11α-position for 3 days with a yield of 76.48%, but beyond this time, the microorganism transformed 11α-hydroxyprogesterone into dihydroxylated metabolites. 11α-Hydroxyprogesterone is widely used as a precursor in the synthesis of hydrocortisone and other steroidal anti-inflammatory agents.
Influence of Carrier Gas Pressure on the Physical Properties of CdO Thin Films
Authors: Anitha M. , Tamilnayagam V. , Anitha N. , Devendhiran Tamiloli , Kumarasamy Keerthika , Thangaraj Vasudevan , Devendhiran Kannagi , Amalraj L. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Conducting cadmium oxide (CdO) thin film samples were deposited on amorphous glass substrates at the optimized substrate temperature (200 °C) as a function of carrier gas pressure (10.8, 12.7, 14.7, 16.7 and 18.6 × 104 N m−2 respectively) by spray pyrolysis technique using nebulizer. XRD results showed that all the CdO thin films were polycrystalline in nature along with cubic structure. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed that all the thin films had a sphere like grains without any cracks. The elemental composition of the film is analyzed with EDAX spectrum formed in stochiometric range. Direct energy gap values were found to be had decreased from 2.46 to 2.42 eV as the function of carrier gas pressure had increased from 10.8 to 14.7 × 104 (N m−2) and the energy gap increased further. All the as deposited samples of Cd–O vibration bond (690 cm−1) were confirmed by FTIR spectrum. PL emission spectra revealed that all the CdO thin films exhibit a strong emission (green) peak at 520 nm. High carrier concentration (2.88 × 1019 cm−3), low resistivity (4.76 × 10−3 Ω cm) and high figure of merit (25.0 × 10−3) were observed for 14.7 × 104 (N m−2) carrier gas pressure of CdO thin film.
Improvement of Early-Age Strength of High-Volume Siliceous Fly Ash Concrete with Nanosilica - A Review
Authors: Varghese Lincy , Kanta Rao V. V. L. , Parameswaran Lakshmy 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
High-volume fly ash concrete, which incorporates more than 50 % fly ash as a replacement of cement in concrete, is a breakthrough development in concrete technology. Many of its properties have been investigated through decades of research, and the results have been disseminated. However, the construction industry has never showed confidence in using high-volume fly ash concrete. This is primarily due to its slow rate of strength development at early ages, notwithstanding its promising engineering and environmental benefits. Attempts have been made earlier to improve the early strength of the high-volume fly ash concrete by mechanical grinding, chemical activation of fly ash, addition of supplementary cementitious materials like silica fume, blast furnace slag, and metakaolin, etc. Nanosilica is a recent entry to the family of supplementary cementitious materials and has exhibited a better performance in concrete than other supplementary cementitious materials. This review discusses the limitations of high-volume fly ash concrete, most widely attempted methods to improve its early-age strength, and progress made on the use of nanosilica in this regard. The article also underlines the need for further research on nanosilica-incorporated high-volume fly ash concrete for developing a structurally viable and practically possible high-volume fly ash concrete, which could be a sustainable solution for the construction industry in future.
The effect of delivery type on neonatal blood indices in an Iranian population
Authors: Baharvand Parastoo , Fathi Majid , Eliyasy Hossein , Abdolkarimi Babak , Kiani Ali Asghar 
Published: October 2018

Background: Generally, there are two methods for childbirth: normal vaginal and cesarean section (C-section). Each method has advantages and complications. In this study, we investigated the effects of type of delivery on hematological parameters in healthy full-term neonates in an Iranian population, from 2016-2017.
Materials: Three hundred pregnant women, along with their healthy and term babies, were studied. According to the route of delivery, the neonates were divided into two groups: vaginal (n=150) and C-section (n=150). Complete blood count (CBC) and peripheral blood smear (PBS) were performed on the neonates from umbilical cord blood immediately after birth. Data were analyzed by using SPSS v. 22 and statistical analyses were done by student's t-test and correlation tests, with P-value < 0.05 set as the lowest limit of significance.
Results: We observed a significant increase in hematologic parameters, such as red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, red cell distribution width (RDW), platelets, total leukocyte count and neutrophil count, in full-term neonates who delivered vaginally compared to those delivered by cesarean section (p<0.001). However, there was no significant difference between the delivery types in terms of mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), eosinophil count, lymphocyte count, or monocyte count.
Conclusion: According to our study, the mode of delivery influences the hematological parameters in full-term neonates; thrombocytopenia and anemia in neonates were associated with cesarean section delivery. Thus, we recommend that pregnant women do not deliver by C-section unless in emergency situations.
Öğretmen Adaylarının Değerlere İlişkin Metaforları
Authors: DEMİR ATALAY Tazegül , FIRAT DURDUKOCA Şule 
Published: October 2018

Bir toplumun
sosyal, kültürel, ekonomik, milli ve manevi birçok kodunun şifresi olarak
nitelendirebileceğimiz “değer” kavramı, yaşadığımız çağın en temel çalışma
alanını oluşturmaktadır. Nitekim küreselleşen dünyada toplumlara özgü
özellikler giderek yok olmakta ya da değişime uğramaktadır. Bu nedenle uluslara
özgü değerlerin tespiti ve gelecek nesillere aktarılması hayati öneme sahiptir.
Bu aktarımda en önemli vazife ise öğretmenlere düşmektedir. Bu nedenle değer
kavramı ve bu kavram dahilindeki tüm bilinmezleri öğretmenlerin ve bu mesleğe
henüz başlamamış öğretmen adaylarının her yönüyle bilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu araştırmaya da bu gereklilik kaynaklık
etmiştir. Araştırmada iki kısımdan oluşan bir incelenmeye gidilmiştir. Bu
kapsamda farklı alanlarda eğitim gören öğretmen adaylarının
milli/manevi/evrensel değerlere yönelik metaforik algılarını belirlenmeye
çalışan üç soruluk bir form kullanılmıştır. Yine aynı formda “Milli/manevi/evrensel değer nedir
açıklayınız ve örnekler veriniz” şeklinde düzenlenmiş açık uçlu üç adet soru
verilmiş ve öğretmen adaylarının daha çok bilgi ve kavrama düzeyinde değer
kavramına ilişkin alt yapıları belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Nitel araştırma
yöntemleri arasında yer alan fenomonolojik modelle desenlenen bu araştırmanın
örneklemini 2017-2018 bahar yarıyılında Kafkas Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi
bünyesinde yer alan Anabilim Dallarının 4. sınıflarında öğrenim gören ve
araştırmaya gönüllü olarak katılmak isteyen toplam 182 öğretmen adayı
oluşturmaktadır. Amaçsal örnekleme yöntemiyle belirlenen araştırmanın çalışma
grubunu 4. sınıflarda öğrenim gören öğretmen adayları oluşturmaktadır. Bu
grubun belirlenmesindeki amaç, bu adayların hizmet öncesi eğitimlerinin son
aşamalarında olmaları nedeniyle, daha fazla sayıda genel kültür, öğretmenlik
meslek bilgisi ve alan bilgisi dersleri almaları ve bu derslerin kapsamına
serpiştirilmiş olan milli, manevi ve evrensel değerler hakkında diğer öğrenim
kademelerindeki öğrencilere göre daha fazla bilgiye sahip olmaları sayıltısıdır.
Verilerin analizinde nitel yöntemler arasında yer alan içerik analizi çözümleme
tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda araştırmaya katılan
182 öğretmen adayından; 154’ünün milli değer kavramına ilişkin geçerli 71 adet,
125’inin manevi değer kavramına ilişkin geçerli 59 adet, 140’ının ise evrensel
değer kavramına ilişkin geçerli 67 adet metafor ürettikleri tespit edilmiştir.
Katılımcı öğretmen adaylarının milli değer kavramına yönelik olarak en sık
ürettikleri metaforun ise “bayrak” olduğu belirlenmiştir. Katılımcı 182 öğretmen adayının 125’inin manevi değer
kavramına ilişkin olarak 59 adet geçerli ve farklı metafor ürettiği tespit
edilmiştir. Bu metaforlar içerisinde frekans değeri en yüksek olan ise “sevgi”
metaforudur. Yine öğretmen adaylarının evrensel değer kavramına yönelik olarak
geçerli 67 metafor ürettikleri ve en sık üretilen metaforların ise “dünya,
gökyüzü” ve “su” metaforları olduğu tespit edilmiştir.