bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insulin-dependent GLUT4 trafficking is not regulated by protein SUMOylation in L6 myocytes
Authors: Carmichael Ruth E. , Wilkinson Kevin A. , Craig Tim J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractType-II Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is one of the fastest growing public health issues today, consuming 12% of worldwide health budgets and affecting an estimated 400 million people. One of the key pathological traits of this disease is insulin resistance at ‘glucose sink’ tissues (mostly skeletal muscle), and this remains one of the features of this disease most intractable to therapeutic intervention. Several lines of evidence have implicated the post-translational modification, SUMOylation, in insulin signalling and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. In this study, we examined this possibility by manipulation of cellular SUMOylation levels using multiple different tools, and assaying the effect on insulin-stimulated GLUT4 surface expression in differentiated L6 rat myocytes. Although insulin stimulation of L6 myocytes produced a robust decrease in total cellular SUMO1-ylation levels, manipulating cellular SUMOylation had no effect on insulin-responsive GLUT4 surface trafficking using any of the tools we employed. Whilst we cannot totally exclude the possibility that SUMOylation plays a role in the insulin signalling pathway in human health and disease, our data strongly argue that GLUT4 trafficking in response to insulin is not regulated by protein SUMOylation, and that SUMOylation does not therefore represent a viable therapeutic target for the treatment of insulin resistance.
Performance of the Biomark HD real-time qPCR System (Fluidigm) for the detection of nasopharyngeal bacterial pathogens and Streptococcus pneumoniae typing
Authors: Olwagen Courtney P. , Adrian Peter V. , Madhi Shabir A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTraditional qPCR assays for pneumococcal detection and serotype characterization require large sample volume, is expensive and labor intensive. We aimed to develop a quantitative nanofluidic Fluidigm assay to overcome some of these shortcomings. A quantitative Fluidigm assay was established to detect 11 bacterial pathogens, 55 pneumococcal serotypes and 6 serotypes of H. influenzae. The Fluidigm assay results were compared to conventional qPCR and culture. All reactions in the Fluidigm assay effectively amplified their respective targets with high sensitivity and specificity compared to qPCR. There was excellent concordance between qPCR and Fluidigm for detection of carriage prevalence (kappa > 0.75) and density (Rho > 0.95). Fluidigm identified an additional 7 (4.2%) serotypes over those detected by qPCR. There was a modest concordance between culture and Fluidigm for the majority of reactions detecting S. pneumoniae serotypes/serogroups (kappa > 0.6), with Fluidigm identifying an additional 113 (39.1%) serotypes. Discordant results between the three methods were associated with a low carriage density. The Fluidigm assay was able to detect common pneumococcal serotypes, H. influenzae serotypes, and other common nasopharyngeal bacterial organisms simultaneously. Deployment of this assay in epidemiological studies could provide better insight into the effect of PCV immunization on the nasopharyngeal microbiota in the community.
Carbon Catabolite Repression in Yeast is Not Limited to Glucose
Authors: Simpson-Lavy Kobi , Kupiec Martin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCells adapt their gene expression and their metabolism in response to a changing environment. Glucose represses expression of genes involved in the catabolism of other carbon sources in a process known as (carbon) catabolite repression. However, the relationships between “poor” carbon sources is less characterized. Here we show that in addition to the well-characterized glucose (and galactose) repression of ADH2 (alcohol dehydrogenase 2, required for efficient utilization of ethanol as a carbon source), ADH2 expression is also inhibited by acetate which is produced during ethanol catabolism. Thus, repressive regulation of gene expression occurs also between “poor” carbon sources. Acetate repression of ADH2 expression is via Haa1, independently from the well-characterized mechanism of AMPK (Snf1) activation of Adr1. The response to extracellular acetate is attenuated when all three acetate transporters (Ady2, Fps1 and Jen1) are deleted, but these deletions do not affect the acetate response resulting from growth with glucose or ethanol as the carbon source. Furthermore, genetic manipulation of the ethanol catabolic pathway affects this response. Together, our results show that acetate is sensed intracellularly and that a hierarchical control of carbon sources exists even for “poor” carbon sources.
Rossby wave instability and high-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations in accretion discs orbiting around black holes
Authors: Varniere P. , Casse F. , Vincent F. H. 
Published: April 2019

Context. The rather elusive high-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations (HFQPOs) observed in the X-ray light curve of black holes have been seen in a wide range of frequencies, even within one source. Also notable is the detection of “pairs” of HFQPOs with a close-to-integer ratio between the frequencies.
Aims. The aim of this paper is to investigate some of the possible observables that we could obtain from the Rossby wave instability (RWI) active in the accretion disc surrounding the compact object.
Methods. Using the newly developed GR-AMRVAC code able to follow the evolution of the RWI in a full general relativistic framework, we explore how RWI can reproduce observed HFQPO frequency ratios and whether or not it is compatible with observations. In order to model the emission coming from the disc we have linked our general relativistic simulations to the general relativistic ray-tracing GYOTO code and delivered synthetic observables that can be confronted with actual data from binary systems hosting HFQPOs.
Results. We demonstrate that some changes in the physical conditions prevailing in the part of the disc where RWI can be triggered lead to various dominant RWI modes whose ratio recovers frequency ratios observed in various X-ray binary systems. In addition we also show that when RWI is triggered near to the last stable orbit of a spinning black hole, the amplitude of the X-ray modulation increases with the spin of the black hole. Revisiting published data on X-ray binary systems, we show that this type of relationship actually exists in five systems where an indirect measurement of the spin of the black hole is available.
ALMA survey of Class II protoplanetary disks in Corona Australis: a young region with low disk masses
Authors: Cazzoletti P. , Manara C. F. , Baobab Liu H. , van Dishoeck E. F. , Facchini S. , Alcalà J. M. , Ansdell M. , Testi L. , Williams J. P. , Carrasco-González C. , Dong R. , Forbrich J. , Fukagawa M. , Galván-Madrid R. , Hirano N. , Hogerheijde M. , Hasegawa Y. , Muto T. , Pinilla P. , Takami M. , Tamura M. , Tazzari M. , Wisniewski J. P. 
Published: April 2019

Context. In recent years, the disk populations in a number of young star-forming regions have been surveyed with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). Understanding the disk properties and their correlation with the properties of the central star is critical to understanding planet formation. In particular, a decrease of the average measured disk dust mass with the age of the region has been observed, consistent with grain growth and disk dissipation.
Aims. We aim to compare the general properties of disks and their host stars in the nearby (d = 160 pc) Corona Australis (CrA) star forming region to those of the disks and stars in other regions.
Methods. We conducted high-sensitivity continuum ALMA observations of 43 Class II young stellar objects in CrA at 1.3 mm (230 GHz). The typical spatial resolution is ~0.3′′. The continuum fluxes are used to estimate the dust masses of the disks, and a survival analysis is performed to estimate the average dust mass. We also obtained new VLT/X-shooter spectra for 12 of the objects in our sample for which spectral type (SpT) information was missing.
Results. Twenty-four disks were detected, and stringent limits have been put on the average dust mass of the nondetections. Taking into account the upper limits, the average disk mass in CrA is 6 ± 3 M⊕. This value is significantly lower than that of disks in other young (1–3 Myr) star forming regions (Lupus, Taurus, Chamaeleon I, and Ophiuchus) and appears to be consistent with the average disk mass of the 5–10 Myr-old Upper Sco. The position of the stars in our sample on the Herzsprung-Russel diagram however seems to confirm that CrA has an age similar to Lupus. Neither external photoevaporation nor a lower-than-usual stellar mass distribution can explain the low disk masses. On the other hand, a low-mass disk population could be explained if the disks were small, which could happen if the parent cloud had a low temperature or intrinsic angular momentum, or if the angular momentum of the cloud were removed by some physical mechanism such as magnetic braking. Even in detected disks, none show clear substructures or cavities.
Conclusions. Our results suggest that in order to fully explain and understand the dust mass distribution of protoplanetary disks and their evolution, it may also be necessary to take into consideration the initial conditions of star- and disk-formation process. These conditions at the very beginning may potentially vary from region to region, and could play a crucial role in planet formation and evolution.
Direct estimation of electron density in the Orion Bar PDR from mm-wave carbon recombination lines
Authors: Cuadrado S. , Salas P. , Goicoechea J. R. , Cernicharo J. , Tielens A. G. G. M. , Báez-Rubio A. 
Published: April 2019

Context. A significant fraction of the molecular gas in star-forming regions is irradiated by stellar UV photons. In these environments, the electron density (ne) plays a critical role in the gas dynamics, chemistry, and collisional excitation of certain molecules.
Aims. We determine ne in the prototypical strongly irradiated photodissociation region (PDR), the Orion Bar, from the detection of new millimeter-wave carbon recombination lines (mmCRLs) and existing far-IR [13C II] hyperfine line observations.
Methods. We detect 12 mmCRLs (including α, β, and γ transitions) observed with the IRAM 30 m telescope, at ∼25″ angular resolution, toward the H/H2 dissociation front (DF) of the Bar. We also present a mmCRL emission cut across the PDR.
Results. These lines trace the C+/C/CO gas transition layer. As the much lower frequency carbon radio recombination lines, mmCRLs arise from neutral PDR gas and not from ionized gas in the adjacent H II region. This is readily seen from their narrow line profiles (Δv = 2.6 ± 0.4 km s−1) and line peak velocities (vLSR = +10.7 ± 0.2 km s−1). Optically thin [13C II] hyperfine lines and molecular lines – emitted close to the DF by trace species such as reactive ions CO+ and HOC+ – show the same line profiles. We use non-LTE excitation models of [13C II] and mmCRLs and derive ne = 60–100 cm−3 and Te = 500–600 K toward the DF.
Conclusions. The inferred electron densities are high, up to an order of magnitude higher than previously thought. They provide a lower limit to the gas thermal pressure at the PDR edge without using molecular tracers. We obtain Pth ≥ (2−4) × 108 cm−3 K assuming that the electron abundance is equal to or lower than the gas-phase elemental abundance of carbon. Such elevated thermal pressures leave little room for magnetic pressure support and agree with a scenario in which the PDR photoevaporates.
FR901483: Synthetic Efficiency Remains a Challenge
Authors: Ruan Zhuwei , Li Cheng , Shen Defeng , Huang Sha-Hua , Hong Ran 
Published: April 2019

FR901483 is a unique alkaloid bearing an aza-tricyclic structure, a phosphate group, and a congested tertiary nitrogen center. This alkaloid was reported to be a potent immunosuppressant with antimetabolite ability. The unprecedented architecture has captured imagination of synthetic chemists since its isolation in 1996. To date, ten total or formal syntheses and several synthetic approaches to access the tricyclic core skeleton have been reported. In this review, we highlight the novel synthetic methods and strategies and discuss the synthetic challenge for meeting the criteria of drug development.1	Introduction2	Bioinspired Total Synthesis of FR9014833	Non-bioinspired Approaches toward FR9014834	Various Tactics for Accessing the Core Skeleton5	Challenges for Efficiency
Spontaneous Early Resolution of an Iatrogenic Type A Aortic Dissection Following Coronary Angiography
Authors: Koza Yavuzer , Kaya Uğur , Taş Hakan , Koza Enise 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA 74-year-old man was admitted with the diagnosis of non–ST-elevation myocardial infarction. During right coronary angiography, a coronary artery dissection extending into the proximal ascending aorta was noticed without hemodynamic compromise. Immediate computed tomography angiography showed no evidence of dissection in the ascending aorta. The patient remained hemodynamically stable with medical therapy alone. This case report highlights the importance of medical therapy in patients with uncomplicated iatrogenic aortic dissection.
Do Complication Rates of Ventricular Drain Placement Differ between Twist Drill and Burr Hole in Acute Hydrocephalus?
Authors: Brand Christine , Pala Andrej , Kielhorn Wilhelm , Wirtz Christian Rainer , Kapapa Thomas 
Published: April 2019

Objective The aim of the study was to compare two techniques for external ventricular drainage (EVD) placement with respect to their complication rates.
Methods A retrospective descriptive study was performed to analyze all patients who had undergone EVD implantation for acute hydrocephalus between January 2010 and December 2013 with a focus on surgical technique and rate of complications. The burr hole technique (BHT) was used in one group and the twist-drill technique (TDT) in the other. Particular attention was paid to malposition, hemorrhage, and catheter-associated infection.
Results A total of 350 consecutive patients underwent EVD implantation for acute hydrocephalus: BHT was performed in 201 and TDT in 147 of the patients, whereas in two patients the technique used was unknown. The overall infection rate was 6.3% (n = 22). Fourteen patients (4%) in the BHT group developed an infection compared with eight patients (9.5%) in the TDT group (p = 0.154). In 16 (4.5%) of all cases, postoperative computed tomography revealed catheter-induced hemorrhage.In one case (0.3%), surgery was necessary due to acute subdural hematoma. The difference between both techniques was not statistically significant (p = 0.343). In 44 (12.6%) of all cases, the position of the EVD tip was contralateral; in 36 (10.3%) of all cases, the EVD tip was in the brain parenchyma. The rate of malposition was 11.6% (n = 17) in the TDT group and 9.5% (n = 19) in the BHT group (p = 0.078).
Conclusion Neither technique showed significantly different numbers in terms of infection, malposition, and hemorrhagic complications. EVD implantation using the TDT is an adequate method compared with BHT. The advantages of TDT are clear: the duration of surgery is shorter, the size of the wound is smaller, and the surgeon is not confined to the operating room.
Inferior Vena Cava Filters—Current Role and Controversies
Authors: Kapoor Harit , Raissi Driss 
Published: April 2019

AbstractInferior vena cava filters (IVCFs) remain an indispensable part of an interventionalist's toolbox. Increased recognition of filter-related complications, largely from off-label use and casual approach to filter retrieval, has led to tremendous uncertainty surrounding their use. More stringent regulations on their use and development of newer and safer anticoagulants are gradually changing their role in the management of venous thromboembolism. Herein, the authors review the current role of IVCFs, indications for their use and retrieval, as well as filter-related complications.
Human Mandible Prenatal Morphogenesis
Authors: Kabak Sergey Lvovich , Zhuravleva Natalia Victorovna , Melnichenko Yuliya Michailovna 
Published: April 2019

Introduction This study was performed with the aim of detecting the interaction between cartilaginous and bone tissues in the process of mandible morphogenesis in human embryos.
Material and Methods Whole-mount skeletal preparations, stained with Alcian blue and Alizarin red, as well as serial histological sections impregnated with silver and stained with hematoxylin and eosin were studied. A total of 48 human embryos/fetuses from 5 to 29 weeks of age were used.
Results In the mandible anlage, in addition to the woven bone, cartilaginous and chondroid tissues are present. Cartilaginous tissue islets are localized at the tip of the condylar and coronoid processes and also in the region of the mandibular symphysis. The chondroid tissue is incorporated into the bone in the region of the mandibular symphysis, along the edge of the coronoid process, and also in the alveolar part of the mandible.
Conclusion Meckel’s cartilage participates in the formation of the mandibular body, and its remains persist in the area of the mandibular symphysis until the second half of the prenatal development.
Profile of Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus at Increased Risk for Large for Gestational Age Newborns
Authors: Tavares Maria da Glória Rodrigues , Lopes Érika Sales , Barros Rosy Anne de Jesus Pereira Araújo , Azulay Rossana Santiago de Sousa , Faria Manuel dos Santos 
Published: April 2019

Objective Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with a higher risk of perinatal morbidity and mortality, and its main complication is the occurrence of large for gestational age (LGA) newborns. The present study aims to characterize pregnant women with GDM and to identify factors associated with the occurrence of LGA newborns in this population.
Methods A cross-sectional study was performed based on medical records of women whose prenatal care and delivery were performed at the Maternal and Child Unit of the Hospital Universitário of the Universidade Federal do Maranhão, state of Maranhão, Brazil. A total of 116 pregnant women diagnosed with GDM were included according to the criteria of the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG).
Results The variables associated with LGA newborns after multivariate analysis were: obesity prior to pregnancy (OR = 11.6; 95% CI: 1.40–95.9), previous macrosomia (OR = 34.7; 95% CI: 4.08–295.3), high blood glucose levels in the 3rd trimester (OR = 2,67; 95% CI: 1.01–7.12) and combined change in the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (fasting + postdextrose) (OR = 3.53; 95% CI: 1.25–14.2) = 1.17–10.6). Otherwise, insufficient weight gain during pregnancy reduced the risk for LGA newborns (OR = 0.04; 95% CI: 0.01–0.32).
Conclusion Obesity prior to pregnancy, previous macrosomia, high blood glucose levels in the 3rd trimester, and combined change in the OGTT were independent predictive factors for LGA newborns in pregnant women with GDM.
Venous Thrombosis in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Treated on DCOG ALL-9 and ALL-10 Protocols: The Effect of Fresh Frozen Plasma
Authors: Klaassen Irene , Zuurbier Charlotte , Hutten Barbara , van den Bos Cor , Schouten A. , Stokhuijzen Eva , van Ommen C. 
Published: April 2019

Background Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is an important complication for treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children. Especially, ALL treatment, with therapeutics such as asparaginase and steroids, increases the thrombotic risk by reduction in procoagulant and anticoagulant proteins. Replacement of deficient natural anticoagulants by administration of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) may have a preventive effect on the occurrence of VTE.
Methods We retrospectively analyzed all consecutive children (≤18 years) with ALL, treated on the Dutch Childhood Oncology Group (DCOG) ALL-9 and ALL-10 protocols at the Emma Children's Hospital Academic Medical Center between February 1997 and January 2012, to study the effect of FFP on VTE incidence, antithrombin and fibrinogen plasma levels, and VTE risk factors.
Results In total, 18/205 patients developed VTE (8.8%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.9–12.7%). In all patients, VTE occurred after asparaginase administration. In total, 82/205 patients (40%) received FFP. FFP supplementation did not prevent VTE or alter plasma levels of antithrombin or fibrinogen. In the multivariate analysis, VTE occurred significantly more frequently in children ≥12 years (odds ratio [OR]: 3.89; 95% CI: 1.29–11.73) and treated according to the ALL-10 protocol (OR: 3.71; 95% CI: 1.13–12.17).
Conclusion FFP supplementation does not seem to be beneficial in the prevention of VTE in pediatric ALL patients. In addition, age ≥12 years and treatment according to the DCOG ALL-10 protocol with intensive and prolonged administration of asparaginase in combination with prednisone are risk factors. There is a need for effective preventive strategies in ALL patients at high risk for VTE.
Head and Neck Pain in Patients Presenting with Acute Aortic Dissection
Authors: Philip Stephen , Missov Emil , Gilon Dan , Hutchison Stuart , Khoynezhad Ali , Evangelista Arturo , Bonaca Mark , Conklin Lori , Appoo Jehangir , Di Eusanio Marco , Braverman Alan , Forteza Alberto , Montgomery Daniel , Nienaber Christoph , Isselbacher Eric , Eagle Kim 
Published: April 2019

Background Head and neck pain is an atypical presentation of acute aortic dissection. Classic teaching associates this pain with proximal dissections, but this has not been extensively studied.
Methods Patients enrolled in the International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection from January 1996 to March 2015 were included in this study. We analyzed the demographics, presentation, treatment, and outcomes of Type A aortic dissection patients presenting with head and neck pain (n = 812, 25.8%) and compared it with those without these symptoms (n = 2,341, 74.2%).
Results Patients with head and neck pain were more likely to be white, female, with a family history of aortic disease. Patients with head and neck pain had higher percentages of back pain (43.3% vs. 37.5%, p = 0.005) and chest pain (87.6% vs. 79.3%, p < 0.001). On imaging, a higher percentage of those with head and neck pain had arch vessel involvement (44.3% vs. 38%, p = 0.010) and intramural hematoma (11.7% vs. 8.1%, p = 0.003). Surgical management was more common in patients with head and neck pain (89.8% vs. 85.2%, p = 0.001). Regarding outcomes, patients with head and neck pain had significantly higher rates of stroke than those without head and neck pain (13% vs. 9.9%, p = 0.016); however, overall mortality was lower for those with head and neck pain (19.5% vs. 23%, p = 0.038). Those with head and neck pain only had higher overall mortality compared to those with head and neck pain with chest or back pain (34.6% vs. 19.9%, p = 0.013). A logistic regression of mortality revealed that preoperative hypotension and age > 65 years were significantly associated with increased mortality.
Conclusion Presence of head and neck pain in Type A dissection is associated with more arch involvement, intramural hematoma, and stroke. When isolating those with head and neck pain only, there appear to be a higher rate of comorbidity burden and higher overall mortality.