bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation of Chemical Constituents and Antiradical Capacity of Nine Ferulago angulata Populations from Iran
Authors: Bagherifar Soleyman , Sourestani Mohammad Mahmoodi , Zolfaghari Maryam , Mottaghipisheh Javad , Zomborszki Zoltán Péter , Csupor Dezső 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe present study was designed to assess the influence of geographical factors on essential oil (EO) composition, along with antiradical potential and phytochemical contents of Ferulago angulata (Schltdl.) Boiss (Apiaceae) extracts for the first time. The aerial parts were hydrodistilled by Clevenger apparatus and subjected to gas chromatography coupled with flame ionization detector (GC/FID) and mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). The EO yields were significantly different from populations ‘Mongar’ (south‐slope, 3000 m) with 1.34±0.06 % and ‘Male‐Amiri’ (north slope, 2600 m) with 0.18±0.05 % of total oil. Thirty‐nine compounds were identified from the EOs of nine populations. α‐Pinene was the predominant component ranging from 20.84 to 49.06 % in ‘Gandomkar’ (north‐slope, 2500 m) and ‘Mongar’ (3000 m), respectively. The methanolic extract of ‘Mongar’ (north‐slope at 2500 m) possessed the highest total phenolic contents. Also, this population logically exhibited potent antiradical activity using both 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays with EC50 of 42.07±4.12 μg/mL and 8.34±0.21 mmol Trolox® equivalents/g, respectively. Due to its moderate free‐radical scavenging potential and high α‐pinene content, the population ‘Mongar’ might be considered as a perspective raw material in food and phytopharmaceutical industries.
Intraoperative modulation of arterial blood flow in a hybrid operating room: A report of three cases
Authors: Saitoh Yoshikatsu , Hara Yasuyuki , Miyagi Shigehito , Nakanishi Chikashi , Nakanishi Wataru , Nishimura Ryuichi , Akamatsu Daijirou , Goto Hitoshi , Unno Michiaki , Kamei Takashi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe preoperative modulation of arterial blood flow is widely performed to prevent massive intraoperative hemorrhage and unstable circulatory dynamics; however, this may cause complications. The intraoperative modulation of arterial blood flow can be performed with operation to reduce the physical and psychological stresses on the patients and improve intraoperative safety.
High‐dose‐rate interstitial brachytherapy for a bulky sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid: A case report
Authors: Takagawa Yoshiaki , Murakami Naoya , Suzuki Shigenobu , Matsumoto Fumihiko , Yoshimoto Seiichi , Itami Jun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHigh‐dose‐rate interstitial brachytherapy (HDR‐ISBT) achieved excellent local control of the bulky sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid. However, we must pay attention to dose of eyelid and cornea about late toxicity of HDR‐ISBT.
Chemical Imaging of the Binder‐Dependent Coke Formation in Zeolite‐Based Catalyst Bodies During the Transalkylation of Aromatics
Authors: Verkleij Suzanna P. , Whiting Gareth T. , Pieper Denise , Parres Esclapez Sonia , Li Shiwen , Mertens Machteld M. , Janssen Marcel , Bons Anton‐Jan , Burgers Martijn , Weckhuysen Bert M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe choice of binder material, added to a zeolite‐based catalyst body, can significantly influence the catalyst performance during a reaction, i. e. its deactivation and selectivity. In this work the influence of the binder in catalyst extrudates on the formation of hydrocarbon deposits was explored during the transalkylation of toluene with 1,2,4‐trimethylbenzene (1,2,4‐TMB). Using in situ UV‐vis micro‐spectroscopy and ex situ confocal fluorescence microscopy approach, coke species were revealed to predominantly form on the rim of zeolite crystals within Al2O3‐bound extrudates. It was found that this was due to Al migration between the zeolite crystals and the Al2O3‐binder creating additional acid sites near the zeolite external surface. In contrast, minimal isomerization of 1,2,4‐TMB in the SiO2‐bound extrudate allowed greater access to the zeolite internal pore network, creating a more homogeneous coke distribution throughout the zeolite crystals.
Synergistic Enhancement over Au‐Pd/TS‐1 Bimetallic Catalysts for Propylene Epoxidation with H2 and O2
Authors: Li Zhishan , Gao Lin , Zhu Xiangshuai , Ma Weihua , Feng Xiang , Zhong Qin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAu−Pd bimetallic catalyst has attracted significant research interests due to its fascinating properties. Herein, Au−Pd nanoparticles (NPs) supported on titanium silicalite‐1 (denoted as Au−Pd/TS‐1) were prepared by the alcohol reduction method. The Au−Pd alloy structure was proven via multiple characterization. This Au−Pd/TS‐1 bimetallic catalyst showed improved activity compared with monometallic catalyst for propylene epoxidation with H2 and O2. The synergistic enhancement over Au−Pd/TS‐1 could be elaborated by H‐spillover process, which reduced the apparent activation energy significantly. The insights in this work are of referential importance to understanding the effect of interaction between bimetallic components on reaction system.
Diazoacetonitrile (N2CHCN): A Long Forgotten but Valuable Reagent for Organic Synthesis
Authors: Mykhailiuk Pavel K. , Koenigs Rene M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDiazoacetonitrile (N2CHCN) is a small reactive diazoalkane. It has been synthesized for the first time already in 1898 by Theodor Curtius, however, did not gain much recognition in organic synthesis until recently. Only in 2015, after introduction of in situ and flow protocols for the safe generation of diazoacetonitrile, it started gaining popularity. In this minireview, the synthetic properties and applications of this valuable reagent are discussed.
Precise 2D‐Patterned Incompatible Catalysts for Reactions in One‐Pot
Authors: Pretscher Martin O. , Chen Tingting , Sitaru Gabriel , Gekle Stephan , Ji Jian , Agarwal Seema 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPrecise and direct two‐dimensional (2D) printing of the incompatible polymer acid–base catalysts and their utility in one‐pot two‐step reactions were shown. Multistep catalytic reactions using incompatible catalysts in a one‐pot reaction cascade requires special methods and materials to isolate the catalysts from each other. In general, this is a tedious process requiring special polymer architectures as the carrier for the catalysts to preserve the activity of otherwise incompatible catalysts. We propose the immobilization of incompatible polymer catalysts, such as polymer acid and base catalysts, on a substrate in variable sizes and amounts by precise 2D printing. The terpolymers with basic (4‐vinylpyridine) and acidic (styrene sulfonic acid) functionalities and methacryloyl benzophenone as a UV cross‐linking unit were used for 2D printing on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). The printed meshes were immersed together in a reaction solution containing (dimethoxymethyl)benzene and ethyl cyanoformate, resulting in a two‐step acid–base catalyzed cascade reaction; that is, deacetalization followed by carbon‐building reaction. The time‐dependent consumption of (dimethoxymethyl)benzene to the intermediate benzaldehyde and the product was monitored, and a kinetic model was developed to investigate the underlying reaction dynamics. The complexity of multistep Wolf–Lamb‐type reactions was generally significantly decreased by using our approach because of the easy polymerization and immobilization procedure.
Teaching engineering for a changing landscape
Authors: Jamieson Marnie V. , Shaw John M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractEngineering educators face a rapidly changing, and ever more challenging world. Rapidly evolving industry demands, accreditation agencies, and students themselves are calling for an engineering education with integrated multidisciplinary design knowledge, leadership, communication, business, education, entrepreneurship, sustainability, and lifelong learning explicitly included in their undergraduate programs. Students still need the core content knowledge of thermodynamics, mass, energy, and momentum balances and fluxes. They also need integrated socio‐contextual knowledge to evaluate a design for sustainability and demonstrate a net positive social benefit. There is only so much time available in an undergraduate program and learning takes time. These challenges are driving changes to both what and how we teach our students to integrate broader competencies and enhance engineering student graduate attribute achievement. A framework for engineering education includes fundamental and socio‐contextual knowledge integrated with metacognitive and professional skill development. This contribution provides practical ideas for how to infuse these dimensions into courses, support the developing engineering practice, and deepen student engagement with their courses.
A multicenter, open‐label, single‐arm study of anamorelin (ONO‐7643) in advanced gastrointestinal cancer patients with cancer cachexia
Authors: Hamauchi Satoshi , Furuse Junji , Takano Toshimi , Munemoto Yoshinori , Furuya Ken , Baba Hideo , Takeuchi Manabu , Choda Yasuhiro , Higashiguchi Takashi , Naito Tateaki , Muro Kei , Takayama Koichi , Oyama Shusuke , Takiguchi Toru , Komura Naoyuki , Tamura Kazuo 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundCancer cachexia is characterized by weight loss and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in patients with cancer. Anamorelin (ONO‐7643; ANAM) is a novel and selective ghrelin receptor agonist that improves appetite, lean body mass (LBM), body weight, and anorexia.MethodsThis multicenter, open‐label, single‐arm study investigated the efficacy and safety of 100 mg anamorelin in 50 Japanese patients with advanced and unresectable gastrointestinal (colorectal, gastric, or pancreatic) cancer. ANAM was administered once daily over 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients that maintained or gained LBM over the course of the study. Secondary endpoints included changes in LBM, body weight, quality of life (QoL), and nutritional status biomarkers.ResultsThe proportion of patients who responded to treatment was 63.3% (95% CI, 48.3%‐76.6%), with a least square mean ± SE change in LBM and body weight from baseline of 1.89 ± 0.36 kg and 1.41 ± 0.61 kg, respectively. Appetite‐related questions on the QoL questionnaire showed that ANAM improved appetite. Adverse events occurred in 79.6% of patients, and the most common treatment‐related adverse events were increased γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase (8.2%), diabetes mellitus (6.1%), hyperglycemia (6.1%), and prolonged QRS complex (6.1%).ConclusionsANAM improved anorexia and patients' nutritional status, resulting in rapid increases in LBM and body weight in patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer who had cancer cachexia. ANAM treatment was well tolerated over 12 weeks. ANAM is a potential clinically beneficial pharmacotherapeutic option for patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer who have cancer cachexia.
Perceived discrimination, trust in physicians, and prolonged symptom duration before ovarian cancer diagnosis in the African American Cancer Epidemiology Study
Authors: Mullins Megan A. , Peres Lauren C. , Alberg Anthony J. , Bandera Elisa V. , Barnholtz‐Sloan Jill S. , Bondy Melissa L. , Funkhouser Ellen , Moorman Patricia G. , Peters Edward S. , Terry Paul D. , Schwartz Ann G. , Lawson Andrew B. , Schildkraut Joellen M. , Cote Michele L. 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundDiscrimination and trust are known barriers to accessing health care. Despite well‐documented racial disparities in the ovarian cancer care continuum, the role of these barriers has not been examined. This study evaluated the association of everyday discrimination and trust in physicians with a prolonged interval between symptom onset and ovarian cancer diagnosis (hereafter referred to as prolonged symptom duration).MethodsSubjects included cases enrolled in the African American Cancer Epidemiology Study, a multisite case‐control study of epithelial ovarian cancer among black women. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations of everyday discrimination and trust in physicians with a prolonged symptom duration (1 or more symptoms lasting longer than the median symptom‐specific duration), and it controlled for access‐to‐care covariates and potential confounders.ResultsAmong the 486 cases in this analysis, 302 women had prolonged symptom duration. In the fully adjusted model, a 1‐unit increase in the frequency of everyday discrimination increased the odds of prolonged symptom duration 74% (OR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.22‐2.49), but trust in physicians was not associated with prolonged symptom duration (OR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.66‐1.11).ConclusionsPerceived everyday discrimination was associated with prolonged symptom duration, whereas more commonly evaluated determinants of access to care and trust in physicians were not. These results suggest that more research on the effects of interpersonal barriers affecting ovarian cancer care is warranted.
Opportunistic live migration of virtual machines
Authors: Gilesh Malayam Parambath , Jain Subham , Madhu Kumar S. D. , Jacob Lillykutty , Bellur Umesh 
Published: August 2019

SummaryLive migrations of virtual machines are required in cloud data centers in various contexts such as evacuating a host machine for maintenance, balancing the workloads on host machines, optimizing physical resource utilization, and meeting the custom demands of the user applications. Virtual machine migrations can, however, be costly in terms of both resources consumed for the migration as well as in terms of service level agreement (SLA) violations during the migration window. The cost is determined by many factors and they, in turn, are impacted by WHEN the migration happens during the lifetime of the virtual machine. Empirical studies show that if we have a window in which the migration is to be done (proactive rather than reactive where no such window exists), we can do it by carefully choosing the starting point within the window so that the SLA violation is minimum. In this paper, we propose a model to migrate virtual machines opportunistically to minimize the SLA violations. The idea is to find the time instants, called opportunities, at which, if the migration starts, the number and extent of SLA violations are minimal. Our experiments show that the migrations time savings with opportunistic migrations are up to 25%.
Using chaos world cup optimization algorithm for medical images contrast enhancement
Authors: Wang Chao , Liu Wenjin , Jimenez Giorgos 
Published: August 2019

SummaryIn this paper, a chaos‐based optimization algorithm is employed for medical images contrast enhancement. Here, a weighted combined framework is suggested as the cost function for the contrast enhancement. The method utilizes the advantages of Gamma correction, histogram equalization, and edge information for decreasing the original image features losses. For more enhancements, a piecewise version of Gamma correction is also utilized to decrease the unnatural artifacts in the output image. A combined cost function is employed based on the three aforementioned features and the proposed chaos world cup optimization algorithm is used for maximizing the fitness function. The simulation results have been compared with five state‐of‐the‐art methods for presenting the method efficiency. To do this, contrast, homogeneity, weighted average peak SNR, a measure of enhancement, and contrast noise ratio are employed. The results also applied to two standard medical imaging datasets and compared with the other methods. Final results denoted that the presented multiobjective optimization algorithm improves the quality of the image contrast and can illustrate more details and information toward the other compared methods.
The Right Light: De Novo Design of a Robust Modular Photochemical Reactor for Optimum Batch and Flow Chemistry
Authors: Bonfield Holly E. , Mercer Kayleigh , Diaz‐Rodriguez Alba , Cook Gemma C. , McKay Blandine S. J. , Slade Pawel , Taylor George M. , Ooi Wei Xiang , Williams Jason D. , Roberts Jack P. M. , Murphy John A. , Schmermund Luca , Kroutil Wolfgang , Mielke Tamara , Cartwright Jared , Grogan Gideon , Edwards Lee J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHaving identified inconsistencies when repeating literature examples of photochemical transformations and difficulties recreating experimental setups, we devised several criteria that an ideal lab‐scale reactor should achieve. Herein, we introduce a versatile photoreactor for high‐throughput screening, preparative‐scale batch reactions and continuous processing, all with a single light source. The reactor utilizes interchangeable arrays of pseudo‐monochromatic high‐power LEDs in a range of synthetically useful wavelengths, combined with excellent temperature control. Moreover, light intensity can be modulated in an accurate and straightforward manner. This system has subsequently been tested on a range of literature methodologies.
Effect of ethical leadership and corporate social responsibility on firm performance: A systematic review
Authors: Saha Raiswa , Shashi  , Cerchione Roberto , Singh Rajwinder , Dahiya Richa 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAcademic and corporate interest in ethical leadership, corporate social responsibility (CSR), and firm performance has attracted a lot of attention in recent years. In fact, many research papers and journal special issues have been focused on these three domains. In this context, this paper conducts a systematic review on the concepts of ethical leadership and CSR and their impact on firm performance. 114 papers published over a period of 58 years (1958–2016) were selected and analyzed according to descriptive and content perspectives to propose a conceptual framework and define a future research agenda. In fact, the main results allow us to derive six main propositions representing possible areas of investigation to direct research on the topic. More in details, the body of literature highlights that financial factors are the main barriers affecting the adoption of CSR practices. On the contrary, internal and external environment was found to represent a critical success factor in the adoption of CSR practices. Finally, the results highlight that personal values have impact on ethical leadership that in turn has direct positive impact on CSR and direct and indirect impact on firm performance.
Manipulating the Optical Properties of Carbon Dots by Fine‐Tuning their Structural Features
Authors: Luo Hui , Papaioannou Nikolaos , Salvadori Enrico , Roessler Maxie M. , Ploenes Gereon , van Eck Ernst R. H. , Tanase Liviu C. , Feng Jingyu , Sun Yiwei , Yang Yan , Danaie Mohsen , Belen Jorge Ana , Sapelkin Andrei , Durrant James , Dimitrov Stoichko D. , Titirici Maria‐Magdalena 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAs a new class of sustainable carbon material, “carbon dots” is an umbrella term covering many types of materials. Herein, a broad range of techniques was used to develop the understanding of hydrothermally synthesized carbon dots, and it is shown how fine‐tuning the structural features by simple reduction/oxidation reactions can drastically affect their excited‐state properties. Structural and spectroscopic studies found that photoluminescence originates from direct excitation of localized fluorophores involving oxygen functional groups, whereas excitation at graphene‐like features leads to ultrafast phonon‐assisted relaxation and largely quenches the fluorescent quantum yields. This is arguably the first study to identify the dynamics of photoluminescence including Stokes shift and allow the relaxation pathways in these carbon dots to be fully resolved. This comprehensive investigation sheds light on how understanding the excited‐state relaxation processes in different carbon structures is crucial for tuning the optical properties for any potential commercial applications.
Linking properties of an orb‐weaving spider's capture thread glycoprotein adhesive and flagelliform fiber components to prey retention time
Authors: Opell Brent D. , Burba Cassandra M. , Deva Pritesh D. , Kin Matthew H. Y. , Rivas Malik X. , Elmore Hannah Mae , Hendricks Mary L. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

An orb web's adhesive capture spiral is responsible for prey retention. This thread is formed of regularly spaced glue droplets supported by two flagelliform axial lines. Each glue droplet features a glycoprotein adhesive core covered by a hygroscopic aqueous layer, which also covers axial lines between the droplets, making the entire thread responsive to environmental humidity.
We characterized the effect of relative humidity (RH) on ability of Argiope aurantia and Argiope trifasciata thread arrays to retain houseflies and characterize the effect of humidity on their droplet properties. Using these data and those of Araneus marmoreus from a previous study, we then develop a regression model that correlated glycoprotein and flagelliform fiber properties with prey retention time. The model selection process included newly determined, humidity‐specific Young's modulus and toughness values for the three species' glycoproteins.
Argiope aurantia droplets are more hygroscopic than A. trifasciata droplets, causing the glycoprotein within A. aurantia droplets to become oversaturated at RH greater than 55% RH and their extension to decrease, whereas A. trifasciata droplet performance increases to 72% RH. This difference is reflected in species' prey retention times, with that of A. aurantia peaking at 55% RH and that of A. trifasciata at 72% RH.
Fly retention time was explained by a regression model of five variables: glue droplet distribution, flagelliform fiber work of extension, glycoprotein volume, glycoprotein thickness, and glycoprotein Young's modulus.
The material properties of both glycoprotein and flagelliform fibers appear to be phylogenetically constrained, whereas natural selection can more freely act on the amount of each material invested in a thread and on components of the thread's aqueous layer. Thus, it becomes easier to understand how natural selection can tune the performance of viscous capture threads by directing small changes in these components.
Litter addition decreases plant diversity by suppressing seeding in a semiarid grassland, Northern China
Authors: Zhang Ang , Wang Dong , Wan Shiqiang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPlant community diversity is conducive to maintain the regional ecosystems stability and ecosystem services. Seed germination is one of the main ways to regulate plant diversity, owing to seedling recruitment as a basis for plant community renewal. However, the exact mechanism of how plant litter affects seedling recruitment, and species richness is not yet fully understood. Therefore, a litter addition and removal experiment was established in a semiarid grassland to study the effects of plant litter on seedling recruitment and species richness from April to August in 2016 and 2017 in Northern China. The positive correlation between species richness and seedling recruitment indicated that a guarantee of seedling recruitment was the main precondition to protect species richness. Adding rather than removing litter significantly reduced species richness. Litter addition inhibited species richness by directly increasing mechanical damage or indirectly reducing photosynthetically active radiation and seedling recruitment. The results of this study are conducive to understand the evolutionary and regulatory mechanisms of community species richness and seedling recruitment in grassland ecosystems after adding or removing plant litter.OPEN RESEARCH BADGESThis article has been awarded Open Data, Open Materials and Preregistered research design Badges. All materials and data are publicly accessible via the Open Science Framework at https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.5dj3jg5 and http://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.13gj03s