bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic analysis ofAegilops tauschii-derived seedling resistance to leaf rust in synthetic hexaploid wheat
Authors: Mohler Volker , Schmolke Michael , Zeller Friedrich J. , Hsam Sai L.K. 
Published: August 2019

SummarySeedling resistance to leaf rust available in the synthetic hexaploid wheat line Syn137 was characterized by means of cytogenetic and linkage mapping. Monosomic analysis located a single dominant gene for leaf rust resistance on chromosome 5D. Molecular mapping not only confirmed this location but also positioned the gene to the distal part of the long arm of chromosome 5D. A test of allelism showed that the gene, tentatively namedLrSyn137, is independent but closely linked toLr1. It appears that Syn137 is occasionally heterogeneous forLr1since the analysis of theLr1-specific marker RGA567-5 in the mapping population indicated the presence ofLr1. Syn137 represents another source of genetic variation that can be useful for the diversification of leaf rust resistance in wheat cultivars.
Host-specific subtelomere: Genomic architecture of pathogen emergence in asexual filamentous fungi
Authors: Huang Xiaoqiu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSeveral asexual species of filamentous fungal pathogens contain supernumerary chromosomes carrying secondary metabolite (SM) or pathogenicity genes. Supernumerary chromosomes have been shown inin vitroexperiments to transfer from pathogenic isolates to non-pathogenic ones and between isolates whose fusion can result in vegetative or heterokaryon incompatibility (HET). However, much is still unknown about the acquisition and maintenance of SM/pathogenicity gene clusters in the adaptation of these asexual pathogens to their hosts. We investigated several asexual fungal pathogens for genomic elements involved in maintaining telomeres for supernumerary and core chromosomes during vegetative reproduction. We found that in vegetative species or lineages with a nearly complete telomere-to-telomere genome assembly (e.g.Fusarium equisetiand fiveformae specialesof theF. oxysporumspecies complex), core and super-numerary chromosomes were flanked by highly similar subtelomeric sequences on the 3’ side and by their reverse complements on the 5’ side. This subtelomere sequence structure was preserved in isolates from the same species or from polyphyletic lineages in the sameforma specialis(f.sp.) of theF. oxysporumspecies complex. Moreover, between some isolates withinF. oxysporumf.sp.lycopersici, the mean rate of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a supernumerary chromosome was at least 300 times lower than those in core chromosomes. And a large number of HET domain genes were located in SM/pathogenicity gene clusters, with a potential role in maintaining these gene clusters during vegetative reproduction.
Systematic assessment of blood-borne microRNAs highlights molecular profiles of endurance sport and carbohydrate uptake
Authors: Kern Fabian , Ludwig Nicole , Backes Christina , Maldener Esther , Fehlmann Tobias , Suleymanov Artur , Meese Eckart , Hecksteden Anne , Keller Andreas , Meyer Tim 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMultiple studies endorsed the positive effect of regular exercising on mental and physical health. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying training-induced fitness in combination with personal life-style remain largely unexplored. Circulating biomarkers such as microRNAs (miRNAs) offer themselves for studying systemic and cellular changes since they can be collected from the bloodstream in a low-invasive manner. In Homo sapiens miRNAs are known to regulate a substantial number of protein-coding genes in a post-transcriptional manner and hence are of great interest to understand differential gene expression profiles, offering a cost-effective mechanism to study molecular training adaption, and connecting the dots from genomics to observed phenotypes.Here, we investigated molecular expression patterns of 2, 549 miRNAs in whole-blood samples from 23 healthy and untrained adult participants of a cross-over study, consisting of 8 weeks of endurance training, with several sessions per week, followed by 8 weeks of washout and another 8 weeks of running, using microarrays. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the two study groups, one of which administered carbohydrates before each session in the first training period, switching the treatment group for the second training period. During running sessions clinical parameters as heartbeat frequency were recorded. This information was extended with four measurements of maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max) for each participant.We observed that multiple circulating miRNAs show expression changes after endurance training, leveraging the capability to separate the blood samples by training status. To this end, we demon-strate that most of the variance in miRNA expression can be explained by both common and known biological and technical factors. Our findings highlight six distinct clusters of miRNAs, each exhibiting an oscillating expression profile across the four study timepoints, that can effectively be utilized to predict phenotypic VO2 max levels. In addition, we identified miR-532-5p as a candidate marker to determine personal alterations in physical training performance on a case-by-case analysis taking the influence of a carbohydrate-rich nutrition into account. In literature, miR-532-5p is known as a common down-regulated miRNA in diabetes and obesity, possibly providing a molecular link between cellular homeostasis, personal fitness levels, and health in aging.We conclude that circulating miRNAs expression can be altered due to regular endurance training, independent of the carbohydrate availability in the timeframe around training. Further validation studies are required to confirm the role of exercise-affected miRNAs and the extraordinary function of miR-532-5p in modulating the metabolic response to a high availability of glucose.
Three-fluorophore FRET enables the analysis of ternary protein association in living plant cells
Authors: Glöckner Nina , Oven-Krockhaus Sven zur , Rohr Leander , Wackenhut Frank , Burmeister Moritz , Wanke Friederike , Holzwart Eleonore , Meixner Alfred J. , Wolf Sebastian , Harter Klaus 
Published: August 2019

AbstractProtein-protein interaction studies provide valuable insights into cellular signaling. The well-studied brassinosteroid (BR) signaling is initiated by the hormone-binding receptor Brassinosteroid Insensitive 1 (BRI1) and its co-receptor BRI1 Associated Kinase 1 (BAK1). BRI1 and BAK1 were shown to interact independently with the Receptor-Like Protein 44 (RLP44), which is implicated in BRI1/BAK1-dependent cell wall integrity perception. To demonstrate the proposed complex formation of BRI1, BAK1 and RLP44, we established three-fluorophore intensity-based spectral Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and FRET-fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) for living plant cells. Our evidence indicates that RLP44, BRI1 and BAK1 form a ternary complex in a distinct plasma membrane nanodomain. In contrast, although the immune receptor Flagellin Sensing 2 (FLS2) also forms a heteromer with BAK1, the FLS2/BAK1 complexes are localized in other nanodomains. In general, our three-fluorophore FRET approaches provide a feasible basis for studying the interaction and sub-compartmentalization of proteins in great detail.
Predicting coral adaptation to global warming in the Indo-West-Pacific
Authors: Matz Mikhail V. , Treml Eric , Haller Benjamin C. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTThe potential of reef-building corals to adapt to increasing sea surface temperatures is often speculated about but has rarely been comprehensively modeled on a region-wide scale. Here, we used individual-based simulations to model adaptation to warming in a coral metapopulation comprising 680 reefs and representing the whole of the Central Indo-West Pacific. We find that in the first century of warming (approximately from 50 years ago to 50 years in the future) corals adapt rapidly by redistributing pre-existing adaptive alleles among populations (“genetic rescue”). In this way, some coral populations - most notably, Vietnam, Japan, Taiwan, New Caledonia, and the southern half of the Great Barrier Reef - appear to be able to maintain their fitness even under the worst warming scenarios (at least in theory, assuming the rate of evolution is the only limitation to local coral recovery). Still, survival of the majority of reefs in the region critically depends on the warming rate, underscoring the urgent need to curb carbon emissions. Conveniently, corals’ adaptive potential was largely independent of poorly known genetic parameters and could be predicted based on a simple metric derived from the biophysical connectivity model: the proportion of recruits immigrating from warmer locations. We have confirmed that this metric correlates with actual coral cover changes throughout the region, based on published reef survey data from the 1970s to early 2000s. The new metric allows planning assisted gene flow interventions to facilitate adaptation of specific coral populations.
The tropical coral Pocillopora acuta has a mosaic DNA methylome, an unusual chromatin structure and shows histone H3 clipping
Authors: Roquis David , Picart Picolo Ariadna , Raffalli Kelly Brener , Romans Pascal , Masanet Patrick , Cosseau Céline , Mitta Guillaume , Grunau Christoph , Vidal-Dupiol Jeremie 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPocillopora acuta is a hermatypic coral with a worldwide distribution and a strong ecological importance. Anthropogenic disturbances and global warming threaten it. Thermal stress can induce coral bleaching, a phenomenon in which the mutualistic symbiosis between the coral polyps host and its endosymbiotic unicellular algae is disrupted, and can lead to the death of entire colonies. Previous works have shown that soma clonal colonies display different levels of survival depending on the environmental conditions they previously faced. Epigenetic mechanisms are good candidates to explain this phenomenon. The clonal nature of a colony and the possibility of generating genetically identical colonies through propagation make corals an attractive model to study the impact of the environment on the epigenome. However, until now, no work had been published on the P. acuta epigenome. One of the main problems is caused by the intracellular location of Symbiodinium, which makes it complicated to isolate coral chromatin free of contamination by endiosymbiotic biological material. Here, (i) we describe a simple method to purify P. acuta chromatin, (ii) we provide the first description of a coral methylome, with a mosaic pattern of cytosine methylation principally in a CpG context (4% of all CpG), and (iii) we show that P. acuta, but not all corals, has an unusual chromatin structure, and displays histone H3 clipping.
Direction-Averaged Diffusion-Weighted MRI Signal using different Axisymmetric B-tensor Encoding Schemes “Submitted to Magnetic Resonance in Medicine”
Authors: Afzali Maryam , Aja-Fernández Santiago , Jones Derek K 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPurposeIt has been shown previously that for the conventional Stejskal-Tanner pulsed gradient, or linear tensor encoding (LTE), as well as planar tensor encoding (PTE) and in tissue in which diffusion exhibits a ‘stick-like’ geometry, the diffusion-weighted MRI signal at extremely high b-values follows a power-law. Specifically, the signal decays as a in LTE and 1/b in PTE. Here, the direction-averaged signal for arbitrary diffusion encoding waveforms is considered to establish whether power-law behaviors occur with other encoding wave-forms and for other (non-stick-like) diffusion geometries.MethodsWe consider the signal decay for high b-values for encoding geometries ranging from 2-dimensional planar tensor encoding (PTE), through isotropic or spherical tensor encoding (STE) to linear tensor encoding. When a power-law behavior was suggested, this was tested using in-silico simulations and in-vivo using an ultra-strong gradient (300 mT/m) Connectom scanner.ResultsThe results show that using an axisymmetric b-tensor a power-law only exists for two scenarios: For stick-like geometries, (i) the already-discovered LTE case; and (ii) for pure planar encoding. In this latter case, to first order, the signal decays as 1/b. Our in-silico and in-vivo experiments confirm this 1/b relationship.ConclusionA complete analysis of the power-law dependencies of the diffusion-weighted signal at high b-values has been performed. Only two forms of encoding result in a power-law dependency, pure linear and pure planar tensor encoding and when the diffusion geometry is ‘stick-like’. The different exponents of these encodings could be used to provide independent validation of the presence of stick-like geometries in-vivo.
For structure
Authors: Modell Sven 
Published: August 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to contrast actor-network theory (ANT) and critical realism (CR) as two contemporary approaches to critical accounting research and advance a critique centred on the neglect of social structures in the former perspective.Design/methodology/approachThis is a conceptual paper based on a critical reading of ANT inspired by CR.FindingsAlthough the author does not question the ability of ANT to be imbued with critical intentper se, the author is critical of its tendency to downplay the significance of pre-existing, social structures and the concomitant neglect of enduring and ubiquitous states of structural stability as an ontological possibility. This may lead to an overly optimistic view that naively valorises agency as a largely unfettered engine of emancipation. By contrast, CR offers a deeper and more nuanced ontological conception of how social structures constrain as well as enable emancipation. In contrast to the highly empiricist epistemology of ANT, it also provides an epistemological rationale for going beyond empirical descriptions of how social structures work to advance theoretically informed, explanatory critiques that are better suited for realising less easily observable opportunities for emancipation.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper advances the debate about how social structures should be examined in critical accounting research and the relative merits of doing so in advancing emancipatory projects.Originality/valueThe paper is an attempt to contrast ANT and CR as two distinct approaches to critical accounting research and thus extends the debate about what such research is and could be.
Consumers’ concern towards palm oil consumption
Authors: Verneau Fabio , La Barbera Francesco , Amato Mario , Sodano Valeria 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
Palm oil is a versatile ingredient of many food and non-food products. Yet, over the last year it has rapidly become a controversial product due to its alleged harmful health and environmental effects. Palm oil has rapidly become a controversial product. As a consequence, many food companies have introduced alternative fat sources into their products, in order to meet consumers’ concerns. The purpose of this paper is to: first, investigate consumer purchase intention by assessing whether the environmental, social and health concerns (HCs) act as drivers with regard to the choice of not consuming products containing palm oil; and second, estimate the direct effect of participants’ information seeking (IS) upon their intention, and whether IS mediates the effects of the attitudinal latent constructs on intention.

Design/methodology/approach
A quantitative survey of 608 respondents was performed. A structural equation modelling (SEM) procedure was implemented.

Findings
Results show that: first, HC is the main driver of participants’ intention to reduce palm oil consumption; second, consumers’ attitudes towards environment and social fairness exert significant direct effects upon intention; third, IS exerts a direct effect on intention; also, it partially mediates the effects of environmental and social concerns, whereas it totally mediates the HC effect.

Originality/value
This is the first study to address the issue of comparison between different drivers of sustainable consumer intentions using a formal test by SEM. Moreover, findings add insightful discussion points to some important issues concerning the role of consumers in the current food system organisational structure and strategies.
Contractual practices between the consultant and employer in Chinese BIM-enabled construction projects
Authors: Liao Xiaofeng , Lee Cen Ying , Chong Heap-Yih 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
The management of building information modeling (BIM)-enabled construction projects is challenging and unstructured in nature, particularly in terms of contract administration. Even though previous studies have revealed various legal issues related to BIM, little is known regarding the contractual practices of BIM. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to explore the contractual practices between the BIM consultant and employer in detail.

Design/methodology/approach
An explanatory case study was carried out on four large BIM-enabled construction projects in China.

Findings
The contractual practices differed from one project to another in terms of ownership and intellectual property rights (IPRs) of the BIM model, roles of the BIM consultant, liability of the BIM consultant in the event of errors and delays of the BIM model, and BIM-related costs and payments. Some of the interesting findings are as follows: the employer shall retain the ownership and IPRs of the BIM model, the BIM consultant shall provide a warranty to ensure usability of the BIM model after project handover, the BIM consultant shall pay for damages or losses if the BIM model fails to deliver and the costs of BIM implementation shall be borne by both contracting parties.

Originality/value
This study provides a fresh, realistic insight on the development of plausible contractual practices between the BIM consultant and employer and the findings can be used to improve BIM contract protocols in future projects.
The impact of employees’ perceptions of HR practices on identification with the company and citizenship behavior
Authors: Chih Charles , Lin Chieh-Peng 
Published: August 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review two work groups’ (local vs foreign) perceptions, attitudes and behavior and propose a moderated mediation model to examine perceived HR practices’ impact on identification with the company and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB).Design/methodology/approachThis paper selects 320 local and foreign production operators at high-tech firms in Taiwan. The hypotheses are tested using SEM-AMOS, and the mediation effects are analyzed by Sobel test with bootstrapping.FindingsResults show that: first, the relationship influence between identification with the company and OCB is stronger for foreign workers than for local workers; and, second, the moderated mediation of work status exists in perceived practice of rewards for the whole worker model.Research limitations/implicationsTo concentrate on research objective, the authors only consider the same characteristics in local and foreign workers’ job environment, neglecting differences in employment conditions, living environment and cultural background.Practical implicationsTwo major implications are that: first, different perceptions on HR practices are based on employees’ work status; and, second, in addition to adopting appreciative HR practices for the target group, firms should help employees develop a stronger identification with the company in order to encourage OCB.Originality/valueThis paper studies employees’ perception on HR practices, compares a three-variable model between local and foreign workers, and proposes a moderated mediation model to handle HR practices’ effects on identification with the company and OCB.
Development of bulletproof pad design system using 3D body scan data
Authors: Kang Yeong Hoon , Kim Sungmin 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop a system to design a bulletproof pad for chest protection using three-dimensional body scan data.

Design/methodology/approach
Body data were divided into arbitrary number of groups based on the standard normal distribution theory, considering the width and height of the upper body. Several parameters were used to define the cover area of the bulletproof pad, and the shape of this area of each model in a group was averaged to generate the standard bulletproof pad model for that group.

Findings
It is possible to use three-dimensional body scan data in the design process of a mass-customized bulletproof pad for chest protection.

Practical implications
It is expected that it would be possible to design not only bulletproof pad but also many kinds of body-related products that need to reflect the shape of body using the methodology developed in this study.

Social implications
Using this system, the mass customization of special garments and equipment would be possible, which will improve the wearers’ comfort and work efficiency.

Originality/value
Three-dimensional body measurement, parametric definition of cover area and user interface for shape modification developed in this study will facilitate the consumer-oriented product design.
Experimental study on the spinning geometry of multi-thread fancy yarn on hollow-spindle spinning machines
Authors: Alshukur Malek , Yurchenko Daniil 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to define the relationships between the structure of multi-thread fancy yarns and the combination of the rotational speed of the hollow-spindle spinning system and thickness and stiffness of the effect component.

Design/methodology/approach
To do so, two groups of fancy yarns were made using stiff and soft effect threads and at six different machine settings.

Findings
It was found that the stiff effect thread was suitable to make fancy yarns at low rotational speeds, while the thickness of the effect threads was more important than its stiffness at low number of wraps. Additionally, even when using the same number of wraps and the overfeed ratio, a bouclé yarn, a gimp yarn, a wavy yarn or a loop yarn may results if the thickness and stiffness of the effect thread and the rotational speed were all controlled properly.

Originality/value
This study helps fancy yarn spinners to determine the type of final fancy yarns by controlling the spinning geometry in the first spinning zone.