bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrodermal activity patterns in sleep stages and their utility for sleep versus wake classification
Authors: Herlan Anne , Ottenbacher Jörg , Schneider Johannes , Riemann Dieter , Feige Bernd 
Published: May 2018

SummaryAs the prevalence of sleep disorders is increasing, new methods for ambulatory sleep measurement are required. This paper presents electrodermal activity in different sleep stages and a sleep detection algorithm based on electrodermal activity. We analysed electrodermal activity and polysomnographic data of 43 healthy subjects and 48 patients with sleep disorders. Electrodermal activity was measured using an ambulatory device worn at the wrist. Two parameters to describe electrodermal activity were defined based on previous literature: EDASEF (electrodermal activity‐smoothed feature) as parameter for skin conductance level; and EDAcounts (number of electrodermal activity‐peaks) as skin conductance responses. Analysis of variance indicated significant EDASEF differences between the sleep stages wake versus N1, wake versus N2, wake versus slow‐wave sleep, and wake versus rapid eye movement. The analysis of EDAcounts also showed significant differences, especially in the stages slow‐wave sleep versus rapid eye movement. Between healthy subjects and patients, a significant disparity of EDAcounts was revealed in stage N1. Furthermore, the variances of EDASEF and EDAcounts in N1, N2 slow‐wave sleep and rapid eye movement were higher in the patient group (p [F test] < .05). Next, an electrodermal activity‐based sleep/wake discriminating algorithm was constructed. The optimized algorithm achieved an average sensitivity and specificity for sleep detection of 97% and 75%. The epoch agreement rate (average accuracy) was 86%. These outcomes are comparative to sleep detection algorithms based on actigraphy or heart rate variability. The results of this study indicate that electrodermal activity is not only a robust parameter for describing sleep, but also a potential suitable method for ambulatory sleep monitoring.
Biochemical comparison of 8 h haemodialysis and 4 h haemodiafiltration, and two dialysis membranes, in a randomized cross‐over trial
Authors: Choo Shi Z , Polkinghorne Kevan R , Kerr Peter G 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTAimExtended‐hours haemodialysis has long been regarded as the optimal form of dialysis for solute clearance. With emerging benefits of haemodiafiltration, we wanted to compare these two head‐to‐head.MethodsIn this randomized cross‐over trial, we recruited existing nocturnal haemodialysis patients, who had not been hospitalized in the prior 3 months. After a baseline 8 h haemodialysis session, subjects were randomized to either 2 weeks of 8 h haemodialysis or 4 h haemodiafiltration with cross‐over to the alternative treatment after a 2‐week washout period. Subjects were additionally randomized to the Fresenius FX80 or Nipro Elisio in a parallel design. Blood and dialysate samples were collected at baseline and at the end of both study periods.ResultsTwelve patients completed the study. Mean (SD) age and body mass index were 55.1 ± 11.5 years and 36.4 ± 10.8, respectively. Urea and creatinine reduction ratios were higher with extended‐hours haemodialysis compared to haemodiafiltration (difference 14.0%, 95% CI = 10.6, 17.3; P < 0.001 and 9.1%, 95% CI = 11.0, 7.2; P < 0.001). Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) clearance was superior with haemodiafiltration (difference 20.1%, 95% CI = 8.7, 31.6; P = 0.001). No difference was seen in reduction ratios for phosphate, retinol binding protein, alpha‐1‐microglobulin, beta‐2‐microglobulin and fetuin with both modalities. Compared to Nipro Elisio, Fresenius FX80 dialyser achieved higher beta‐2‐microglobulin clearance (Period 1: difference 7.8%, 95% CI = 1.3, 14.4; P = 0.02, Period 2:7.5%, 95% CI = 1.0, 14.1; P = 0.02).ConclusionsSmall solute clearance was superior with extended‐hours haemodialysis while haemodiafiltration enhanced FGF23 clearance. Beta‐2‐microglobulin clearance was improved with Fresenius FX80 dialyser, but this difference is unlikely to be clinically significant.
Breeding soybeans with resistance to soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi)
Authors: Childs Silas P. , Buck James W. , Li Zenglu 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSoybean rust, caused by the fungal pathogenPhakopsora pachyrhizi, continues to be a global threat to soybean production, decreasing productivity and increasing the pesticide burden of cropping systems. However, breeders now have access to resistance genes that map to at least seven independent loci which can help protect crops against soybean rust infection. Efficient greenhouse screening protocols have been developed, and low‐costSNPgenotyping technology is available for marker‐assisted selection and backcrossing of resistance toPhakopsora pachyrhizi (Rpp)loci. Soybean breeders can now employ these technologies for the development of high‐yielding soybean cultivars with two, three, or even four pyramidedRppgenes. Such cultivars should provide resistance against the most virulentP. pachyrhizipopulations and would be of great help to both large‐scale growers in the Americas and subsistence farmers in developing countries. We hope that a better understanding of the history and unique characteristics ofP. pachyrhizi, the discovery ofRppresistance alleles and the latest molecular breeding techniques will empower breeders across the globe to develop cultivars with durable resistance.
Genomic prediction of the general combining ability of maize lines (Zea mays L.) and the performance of their single crosses
Authors: Vélez‐Torres Marcelina , García‐Zavala José Jesús , Hernández‐Rodríguez Martha , Lobato‐Ortiz Ricardo , López‐Reynoso José Jesús , Benítez‐Riquelme Ignacio , Mejía‐Contreras José Apolinar , Esquivel‐Esquivel Gilberto , Molina‐Galán José Domingo , Pérez‐Rodríguez Paulino , Zhang Xuecai 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of genomic selection (GS) on predicting the general combining ability (GCA) of maize lines and the performance of their single crosses. Eight maize lines developed from the different self‐pollination generations of Chalqueño race, along with their 24 single crosses, were evaluated in the field during the years of 2011, 2012 and 2013. Genomic prediction results using genotyping‐by‐sequencing‐based single nucleotide polymorphisms showed that the GCA classification of the parental lines estimated from the SNP information was consistent with the phenotypic classification of the lines evaluated from the field trial data. The prediction accuracy values estimated from the cross‐validation method ranged from 0.49 to 0.61 in the different prediction models. Yield performance of the unevaluated single crosses was predicted based on their SNP information. The total genetic variance of the yield of the single crosses was most explained by the GCA effects. Compared with phenotyping method, GS is a more effective and efficient approach to predict the GCA of maize lines and their hybrid performance.
Texting atopic dermatitis patients to optimize learning and eczema area and severity index scores: A pilot randomized control trial
Authors: Singer Hannah M. , Levin Laura E. , Morel Kimberly D. , Garzon Maria C. , Stockwell Melissa S. , Lauren Christine T. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesAtopic dermatitis is a common, chronic, debilitating disease. Poor adherence to treatment is the most important preventable contributor to adverse outcomes. Thus, improving adherence can improve patient outcomes. Text message reminders with embedded condition‐specific information have been shown to improve pediatric immunization adherence but have not been assessed in atopic dermatitis. The objective was to assess the effect of daily text messages on Eczema Area Severity Index scores and caregiver knowledge of atopic dermatitis.MethodsIn this pilot randomized controlled trial, caregivers of children with atopic dermatitis enrolled during their initial appointment with a pediatric dermatologist and randomized 1:1 to standard care or daily text messages with patient education material and treatment reminders. Participants completed a multiple‐choice atopic dermatitis knowledge quiz at initial and follow‐up visits, and Eczema Area Severity Index scores were assessed.ResultsForty‐two patients enrolled, and 30 completed the study: 16 standard care group, 14 text message group. There was no significant difference in Eczema Area Severity Index score between the standard care and text message groups at follow‐up, with mean decreases in Eczema Area Severity Index score of 53% and 58%, respectively. Mean score on follow‐up atopic dermatitis knowledge quiz was significantly higher in the text message group (84% correct) than in the standard care group (75% correct) (P = .04).ConclusionThis pilot study did not demonstrate a difference in Eczema Area Severity Index scores with text message reminders. The significantly higher follow‐up atopic dermatitis quiz score in the text message group indicates that participants read and retained information from text messages. Limitations include small sample size and short duration of follow‐up.
A Robust Approach to Risk Assessment Based on Species Sensitivity Distributions
Authors: Monti Gianna S. , Filzmoser Peter , Deutsch Roland C. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe guidelines for setting environmental quality standards are increasingly based on probabilistic risk assessment due to a growing general awareness of the need for probabilistic procedures. One of the commonly used tools in probabilistic risk assessment is the species sensitivity distribution (SSD), which represents the proportion of species affected belonging to a biological assemblage as a function of exposure to a specific toxicant. Our focus is on the inverse use of the SSD curve with the aim of estimating the concentration, HCp, of a toxic compound that is hazardous to p% of the biological community under study. Toward this end, we propose the use of robust statistical methods in order to take into account the presence of outliers or apparent skew in the data, which may occur without any ecological basis. A robust approach exploits the full neighborhood of a parametric model, enabling the analyst to account for the typical real‐world deviations from ideal models. We examine two classic HCp estimation approaches and consider robust versions of these estimators. In addition, we also use data transformations in conjunction with robust estimation methods in case of heteroscedasticity. Different scenarios using real data sets as well as simulated data are presented in order to illustrate and compare the proposed approaches. These scenarios illustrate that the use of robust estimation methods enhances HCp estimation.
Association between hepatitis C infection and cerebro‐cardiovascular disease: analysis of a national population‐based survey in Egypt
Authors: Gadallah Mohsen , Kandil Sahar , Mohsen Amira 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo examine the association between hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, cardiovascular risk factors and cerebro‐cardiovascular (CCV) disease.MethodsThe source of data was the Egypt Health Issues Survey conducted in 2015. Participants were 11 256 individuals with complete HCV testing, age 25–59 years. Data on demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, CCV disease (myocardial infarction and/or cerebral stroke) and HCV infection were retrieved. Descriptive, bivariate, multivariable logistic regression and sensitivity analyses were performed to determine the independent association of past HCV exposure or chronic infection with diabetes, hypertension and CCV disease.Results3.9% of participants were antibody positive/RNA negative and considered to have past HCV exposure; 7.9% had detectable HCV‐RNA and were considered to have chronic infection. Participants with negative antibodies and no history of liver disease (n = 9928) were the control group. In addition to the previously known risk factors, multivariable analyses revealed that diabetes was independently associated with past HCV exposure (OR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.27–2.32) and HCV chronic infection (OR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.23–1.97), whereas CCV disease was independently associated with past exposure (OR = 2.69, 95% CI: 1.62–4.46) and not with chronic infection. No evidence of an association between hypertension and either HCV status was found.ConclusionThe association of both past HCV exposure and chronic infection with diabetes and that of past HCV exposure with CCV disease may suggest targeting HCV‐positive reactors for preventive and curative programmes addressing extrahepatic complications.
Structure of the DASH/Dam1 complex shows its role at the yeast kinetochore-microtubule interface
Authors: Jenni Simon , Harrison Stephen C. 
Published: May 2018

Staying attached through division
When a cell prepares to divide, it copies its DNA into pairs of each chromosome, called chromatids. Microtubules attach to the chromosome pairs through protein complexes called kinetochores. During cell division, microtubule depolymerization pulls the chromatids apart. Jenni and Harrison describe the structure of an essential component of the yeast kinetochore, the DASH/Dam1c complex, that forms a ring around a microtubule. The structure shows how the DASH/Dam1c ring interacts with the microtubule and kinetochore components so that the kinetochore can track to the end of the microtubule through cycles of growth and shrinkage.

Science
, this issue p.
552
A Fungal P450 Enzyme from Thanatephorus cucumeris with Steroid Hydroxylation Capabilities
Authors: Lu Wei , Chen Xi , Feng Jinhui , Bao Yun-Juan , Wang Yu , Wu Qiaqing , Zhu Dunming 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT

In this study, we identified a P450 enzyme (STH10) and an oxidoreductase (POR) from
Thanatephorus cucumeris
NBRC 6298 by a combination of transcriptome sequencing and heterologous expression in
Pichia pastoris
. The biotransformation of 11-deoxycortisol was performed by using
Pichia pastoris
whole cells coexpressing
sth10
and
por
, and the product analysis indicated that the STH10 enzyme possessed steroidal 19- and 11β-hydroxylase activities. This is a novel fungal P450 enzyme with 19-hydroxylase activity, which is different from the known steroidal aromatase cytochrome P450 19 (CYP19) and CYP11B families of enzymes.

IMPORTANCE
Hydroxylation is one of the most important reactions in steroid functionalization; in particular, C-19 hydroxylation produces a key intermediate for the synthesis of 19-nor-steroid drugs without a C-19 angular methyl group in three chemoenzymatic steps, in contrast to the current industrial process, which uses 10 chemical reactions. However, hydroxylation of the C-19 angular methyl group remains a very challenging task due to the high level of steric resistance to the C-19 methyl group between the A and B rings. The present report describes a novel fungal P450 enzyme with 19-hydroxylase activity. This opens a new venue for searching effective biocatalysts for the useful process of steroidal C-19 hydroxylation, although further studies for better understanding of the structural basis of the regioselectivity and substrate specificity of this fungal steroidal 19-hydroxylase are warranted to facilitate the engineering of this enzyme for industrial applications.
Salmonella Tol-Pal Reduces Outer Membrane Glycerophospholipid Levels for Envelope Homeostasis and Survival during Bacteremia
Authors: Masilamani Revathi , Cian Melina B. , Dalebroux Zachary D. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT

Salmonellae regulate membrane lipids during infection, but the exact proteins and mechanisms that promote their survival during bacteremia remain largely unknown. Mutations in genes encoding the conserved
Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium (
S
. Typhimurium) Tol-Pal apparatus caused the outer membrane (OM) sensor lipoprotein, RcsF, to become activated. The capsule activation phenotype for the mutants suggested that Tol-Pal might influence envelope lipid homeostasis. The mechanism involves reducing OM glycerophospholipid (GPL) levels, since the mutant salmonellae similarly accumulated phosphatidylglycerols (PGl) and phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) within the OM in comparison to the wild type. The data support the
Escherichia coli
model, whereby Tol-Pal directs retrograde GPL translocation across the periplasm. The
S
. Typhimurium mechanism involves contributions from YbgC, a cytoplasmic acyl coenzyme A (acyl-CoA) thioesterase, and CpoB, a periplasmic TolA-binding protein. The functional relationship between Tol-Pal and YbgC and CpoB was previously unresolved. The
S
. Typhimurium Tol-Pal proteins contribute similarly toward promoting OM-GPL homeostasis and Rcs signaling inactivity but differently toward promoting bacterial morphology, rifampin resistance, survival in macrophages, and survival in mice. For example,
tolQ
,
tolR
,
tolA
, and
cpoB
mutants were significantly more attenuated than
ybgC
,
tolB
, and
pal
mutants in a systemic mouse model of disease. Therefore, key roles exist for TolQ, TolR, TolA, and CpoB during murine bacteremia, which are independent of maintaining GPL homeostasis. The ability of TolQR to channel protons across the inner membrane (IM) is necessary for
S
. Typhimurium TolQRA function, since mutating conserved channel-facing residues rendered TolQ ineffective at rescuing deletion mutant phenotypes. Therefore, Tol-Pal promotes
S
. Typhimurium survival during bacteremia, in part, by reducing OM GPL concentrations, while TolQRA and CpoB enhance systemic virulence by additional mechanisms.
Effectiveness of a computerised system of patient education in clinical practice: a longitudinal nested cohort study
Authors: Su Chia-Hsien , Li Tsai-Chung , Cho Der-Yang , Ma Wei-Fen , Chang Yu-Shan , Lee Tsung-Han , Huang Li-Chi 
Published: May 2018

IntroductionDeveloping electronic health record information systems is an international trend for promoting the integration of health information and enhancing the quality of medical services. Patient education is a frequent intervention in nursing care, and recording the amount and quality of patient education have become essential in the nursing record. The aims of this study are (1): to develop a high-quality Patient Education Assessment and Description Record System (PEADRS) in the electronic medical record (2); to examine the effectiveness of the PEADRS on documentation and nurses’ satisfaction (3); to facilitate communication and cooperation between professionals.Methods and analysisA quasi-experimental design and random sampling will be used. The participants are nurses who are involved in patient education by using traditional record or the PEADRS at a medical centre. A prospective longitudinal nested cohort study will be conducted to compare the effectiveness of the PEADRS, including (1): the length of nursing documentation (2); satisfaction with using the PEADRS; and (3) the benefit to professional cooperation.Ethics and disseminationPatient privacy will be protected according to Electronic Medical Record Management Practices of the hospital. This study develops a patient education digital record system, which would profit the quality of clinical practice in health education. The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and will be presented at scientific conferences.
Pain as performance: re-virginisation in Turkey
Authors: Güzel Hande 
Published: May 2018

The literature on pain has so far been primarily interested in chronic pain, medically induced pain and pain as an unwanted experience. However, pain is a more complicated experience and the lines between pain and pleasure are blurred in different contexts. In this paper, these lines are explored within the context of re-virginisation in Turkey by taking to its centre the meanings attached to pain through women’s online and offline narratives. Re-virginisation refers to the process women undergo in order to reclaim their virginity due to the expectation that women should be virgins at the time of marriage and to the persistence of the myth that virginity can and should be proved via bleeding during or right after sexual intercourse.Based on semi-structured in-depth interviews and phenomenological and post-structuralist discourse analysis of online data, I argue that pain in the process of re-virginisation (1) is desired and sought-after and (2) is a gendered and temporospatial performance. Within this performance, pain manifests itself as a functional experience as well, especially as a marker of having been operated on, of having had a successful operation, as a reminder of this operation, and finally as an experience around which a community can be formed. Although pain can be functional at most stages of re-virginisation, when, where, and how it can be performed is determined intersubjectively.
SETD2 Haploinsufficiency for Microtubule Methylation Is an Early Driver of Genomic Instability in Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Chiang Yun-Chen , Park In-Young , Terzo Esteban A. , Tripathi Durga Nand , Mason Frank M. , Fahey Catherine C. , Karki Menuka , Shuster Charles B. , Sohn Bo-Hwa , Chowdhury Pratim , Powell Reid T. , Ohi Ryoma , Tsai Yihsuan S. , de Cubas Aguirre A. , Khan Abid , Davis Ian J. , Strahl Brian D. , Parker Joel S. , Dere Ruhee , Walker Cheryl L. , Rathmell W. Kimryn 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Loss of the short arm of chromosome 3 (3p) occurs early in &gt;95% of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Nearly ubiquitous 3p loss in ccRCC suggests haploinsufficiency for 3p tumor suppressors as early drivers of tumorigenesis. We previously reported methyltransferase SETD2, which trimethylates H3 histones on lysine 36 (H3K36me3) and is located in the 3p deletion, to also trimethylate microtubules on lysine 40 (αTubK40me3) during mitosis, with αTubK40me3 required for genomic stability. We now show that monoallelic, Setd2-deficient cells retaining H3K36me3, but not αTubK40me3, exhibit a dramatic increase in mitotic defects and micronuclei count, with increased viability compared with biallelic loss. In SETD2-inactivated human kidney cells, rescue with a pathogenic SETD2 mutant deficient for microtubule (αTubK40me3), but not histone (H3K36me3) methylation, replicated this phenotype. Genomic instability (micronuclei) was also a hallmark of patient-derived cells from ccRCC. These data show that the SETD2 tumor suppressor displays a haploinsufficiency phenotype disproportionately impacting microtubule methylation and serves as an early driver of genomic instability.
Significance: Loss of a single allele of a chromatin modifier plays a role in promoting oncogenesis, underscoring the growing relevance of tumor suppressor haploinsufficiency in tumorigenesis. Cancer Res; 78(12); 3135–46. ©2018 AACR.