bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Working in music with adolescents who experience disability
Authors: Rickson Daphne 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Working in music with adolescents who experience disability to support their health and wellbeing involves creating opportunities for their emotional expression and successful interaction with others. Music is a resource that can highlight their capabilities, yet they might need the support of a music therapist to maximize the positive affordances that music can provide. In this chapter, two contrasting examples of music therapy work, with adolescents who have attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and those who have intellectual disability, are offered to demonstrate how young people have engaged with music therapy group processes and in turn developed positive relationships and self-identities. Music making can be a motivating and enjoyable activity for adolescents with disabilities, and a powerful resource to support their personal growth, autonomy, and sense of wellbeing.
Reframing intervention and inclusion: The importance of exploring gender and sexuality in music therapy with all young people
Authors: Scrine Elly 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter reflects upon dominant gender and sexuality norms, and ways of navigating these in music-based contexts without positioning marginalized groups as inherently vulnerable. Queer theorists dedicated to transforming endemic gendered violence emphasize the importance of examining the effects of normativity to which we are all subjected, and the significant potential of creativity and collaboration. This chapter establishes a theoretical grounding as to why exploring gender and sexuality is relevant for all young people, and how addressing systems of normativity can be considered a relevant ‘intervention’ within music therapy. Using illustrative case vignettes and drawing on existing critical frameworks, the chapter offers suggestions as to how practitioners may better confront their own beliefs, think politically about assessment, work towards safe(r) spaces, and support young people’s gender-based activism through music.
‘What’s the WiFi code in here?’: Connecting with adolescents in music therapy
Authors: Derrington Philippa 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Introducing the third section of the Handbook, which broadly addresses connectedness, music, and adolescents, this chapter focuses on the context of a secondary school in the United Kingdom for students with social, emotional, and mental health needs, and explores how music therapy can help young people find creative new ways of connecting. The importance of the music therapy space, the resources, and communication with teaching staff are highlighted alongside a person-centred and psychodynamic approach. One resource, the video camera, is presented as having an important role in connecting with young people in sessions. Discussed and illustrated through case examples, the camera is shown to offer young people different ways of experiencing and re-experiencing, interacting, sharing control, witnessing, and being witnessed, leading to positively adaptive interconnectedness and emotional wellbeing.
Mental health of refugees
Authors: Ventevogel Peter , Pereira Xavier , Verghis Sharuna , Silove Derrick 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Mental health and psychosocial problems among refugees are increasingly being recognized as a priority issue. This chapter will critically examine and synthesize what is known about mental health problems among refugees. The scope will be broad, extending beyond post-traumatic stress disorder, and include brief information on other common mental disorders in refugees (such as prolonged grief, depression as well as severe mental disorders such as psychosis and bipolar disorder). The chapter briefly introduces social-ecological frameworks that assist in conceptualizing the psychosocial problems facing refugees. Emphasis is given to the need for multi-sectoral, multi-level interventions that are sensitive to culture and context, and that are evidence-informed and scalable. Key issues are: the integration of mental health into general health using brief psychological interventions; use of task shifting approaches; and interventions to strengthen self-help and family and community support in refugee settings.
The health challenges facing children on the move
Authors: Bissell Susan , Bhabha Jacqueline 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
An unprecedented number of young people are crossing borders; many more are ‘internally displaced’. This chapter explores the vulnerability and resilience of refugee children and adolescents. It examines standards and policies designed to protect and enable these young people to survive and thrive. Given the growth in its importance, the matter of minors being ‘returned’ to countries of origin is also examined. This is followed by an analysis of some real-life situations in which these standards and policies are applicable. What is ultimately clear is that for a range of reasons—including the political and the practical—there are growing challenges to the safety of children and youth who are ‘on the move’.
The health impacts of displacement due to conflict on adolescents
Authors: Ataullahjan Anushka , Gaffey Michelle F. , Spiegel Paul B. , Bhutta Zulfiqar A. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Globally, it is estimated there are a minimum of 9.8 million forcibly displaced adolescents (10–19 years old). Forcibly displaced adolescents face difficulties obtaining health services with conflict disrupting care, aggravating existing health concerns, and introducing new health issues. Displaced adolescents experience increased injury, psychological trauma, nutritional deficiencies, and physical and sexual violence. This chapter describes the health impact of conflict, and several factors that exacerbate the health of adolescents. It then describes the evidence base on the most effective interventions to address the health of adolescents. Lastly, it points to gaps within the literature suggesting how adolescent health can be mainstreamed in refugee health services.
The Trans-Pacific Partnership as Megaregulation
Authors: Kingsbury Benedict , Mertenskötter Paul , Stewart Richard B. , Streinz Thomas 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) brings into legal effect a new form of inter-governmental economic ordering and regulatory governance on an extended “megaregional” scale. This chapter proposes the concept of “megaregulation” as a way to understand what is distinctive about TPP and about the particular type of governance project which it partly pioneered. Megaregulation as exemplified by TPP is characterized by five features. First, it comprehensively covers commercial flows in goods, services, capital, and data. Second, its broad aim is to create a generalized freedom to operate for large corporations and their affiliates across the set of national markets covered by the treaty. Third, as its method, megaregulation employs regulatory alignment—nudging and shaping both the substance and the processes of national regulatory systems. Fourth, megaregulation involves a large but not universal (like the WTO) scale in volume of covered economic activity and creates significant gravitational pulls and emulatory pressures for third parties. Fifth, megaregulation takes the treaty-institutional form which prescribes detailed rules and empowers some inter-governmental or transnational institutions and the communities of practice spawning around them. TPP’s specific version of megaregulation further advances an ordo- or neo-liberal vision of the state and its relation to markets that deliberately builds out contrasts with China’s party-state economic ordering, thereby giving it lasting geopolitical and geoeconomic relevance.
The Lessons of TPP and the Future of Labor Chapters in Trade Agreements
Authors: Santos Álvaro 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Linking labor standards to trade agreements out of dual concern for poor working conditions in low-wage countries and unfair labor competition in rich countries reached its high point in the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP). The US labor movement’s opposition to TPP shows the disenchantment with this agenda. Other elements of the agreement were seen as equally important to workers: investment, rules of origin, procurement, and currency manipulation. These new frontiers for labor advocacy in trade agreements highlight the need to re-balance how trade agreements treat capital and labor. A promising, though overlooked, feature of TPP was the pressure the US exercised to encourage domestic labor reforms—formally through a side agreement in the case of Vietnam and informally in the case of Mexico. The US withdrawal set those reforms back. The hardening opposition to TPP also made clear that rich countries’ workers expected losses from trade will not be made palatable in the absence of effective domestic safety nets and compensatory mechanisms. TPP’s reception in the United States was a resounding rejection of liberal globalization as we know it, and the CPTPP, unfortunately, does not seem to chart a different path.
Sales, Sourcing, or Regulation?
Authors: Osgood Iain 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The scope of trade agreements has grown and changed dramatically over the past two decades, especially in the areas of investment and regulation. While the substance of these changes has received much attention, the links between them and producers’ political activities require more systematic investigation. I take two steps toward this goal, using the case of US corporate lobbying on TPP to illustrate. I first document the rich array of political activities undertaken by corporate America in support of the agreement, and the broad set of concerns discussed by firms and associations. I then show that interests in sales, sourcing, and regulation all explain corporate support for TPP. These findings contradict a skeptical view that trade agreements serve only a select set of large multinationals focused on a narrow set of interests, primarily to erode state sovereignty. Instead, support for these agreements is extensive, multi-faceted, and highly heterogeneous across firms, and oriented toward solving a multiplicity of distinct problems in international relations. Although the United States withdrew from TPP and, at least for the time being, does not intend to join TPP11, this case study is nonetheless relevant in demonstrating the various motivations behind US corporate input into trade agreements beyond TPP. Moreover, corporate America’s imprint on many provisions of TPP12 can still be seen in TPP11.
Regulating Regulation: Impact Assessment and Trade
Authors: Livermore Michael , Schwartz Jason 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Recent generations of international trade agreements have attempted to address non-tariff barriers in various ways, including by encouraging the adoption of regulatory impact assessment (RIA) by national governments. This chapter examines the benefits of RIA for trade in light of experience over the past several decades. It argues that, although misunderstanding of the nature of RIA has likely led to some false hopes, given the right institutional setting, RIA can help avoid irrational regulatory conflict that unnecessarily hampers trade. Specifically, RIA is unlikely to advance the goals of increasing regulatory harmonization, supporting mutual recognition, or reducing regulatory burdens. On the other hand, RIA can enhance the transparency and trade rationality of regulatory decision-making. These two goals can be further advanced if RIA is paired with institutional reforms, such as international secondments, appropriate roles for domestic offices of trade policy in the regulatory process, and sharing best practices and resources, especially with developing countries.
Trade and Exchange Rates: The Joint Declaration of the Macroeconomic Policy Authorities of TPP Countries
Authors: Helble Matthias , Chantapacdepong Pornpinun , Yoshino Naoyuki 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The original Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) agreement was the first regional trade deal explicitly to address the issue of exchange rate misalignment by attaching a “Joint Declaration of the Macroeconomic Policy Authorities” (Joint Declaration) to the main text. The declared objective was to avoid the use of currency devaluations as a means to alter market access commitments agreed to under TPP. A similar agreement is absent in the CPTPP. This chapter analyzes the Joint Declaration by studying the main elements and comparing them with existing reporting provisions of the International Monetary Fund and the World Trade Organization. We find that the Joint Declaration provisions would have increased the transparency of the central banks’ actions only marginally, as the transparency requirements were not different from the existing practices of most TPP members. Most importantly, the Joint Declaration failed in providing a definition of the concept of exchange rate manipulation and linking it to any dispute settlement procedure.
The Institutions of TPP11: Back to the Future?
Authors: Howse Robert 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter canvasses the institutions of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP)—left entirely unchanged in TPP11—to assess their cumulative potential to contribute to ties of solidarity among regulatory elites and consequently foster (mega)regional integration. The promise of treaty institutions as conduits of sanguine economic integration, the narrative championed by TPP’s architects, is contrasted with a more critical account in which plurilateral institutions are seen to serve as mechanisms to advance particular economic interests in the face of opposition in the almost-universal trade governance institutions such as the World Trade Organization (WTO). This “divide and conquer” strategy, so the argument goes, dominates in TPP’s institutions, which remain generally weak and unconnected to existing frameworks in Asia and beyond. But they also vary significantly between stronger mechanisms primarily for business interests and almost entirely aspirational efforts in more social areas such as environment, labor, and development.
State-to-State Dispute Settlement in Megaregionals
Authors: McRae Donald 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
State-to-state dispute settlement (SSDS) in trade matters was transformed from the traditional model through the compulsory two-tier mechanism of the World Trade Organization (WTO). It now functions to contain unilateralism in trade adjudication and remedies, supplies workable interpretations and new jurisprudence on contested and evolving issues in a unified way for all states, and helps overcome impasses in WTO political bodies. The megaregional agreements, the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) and the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), did not spur much further innovation over the WTO’s baseline and in fact stay closer to the weaker SSDS model of the North America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). The megaregionals continue the trend of bilateral and regional free trade agreements to include both SSDS and investor–state dispute settlement (ISDS), but do little to recalibrate the relationship and interactions between the two. It is therefore likely that ISDS cases arising under these agreements will largely resemble the dynamics of existing bilateral investment treaty (BIT)-based and United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) or International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID)-ruled disputes, and that WTO dispute settlement will continue to hold sway in the field of trade for the vast number of obligations that are common to the WTO and the megaregionals.
Finding a Workable Balance Between Investor Protection and the Public Interest in the Trans-Pacific Partnership
Authors: Lim Chin Leng 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter discusses the apparent isolation of investment rules from mid-20th-century efforts to embed international economic rules within the overall social context of the ‘New Deal’ in the United States and the British welfare state. Whilst embedded liberalism may have found its way subsequently into modern bilateral investment treaties (BITs) through the United States’ ‘friendship, commerce and navigation’ (FCN) treaties forged during the New Deal era, this did not halt the growth of more pro-investor treaties. An eventual global backlash against investment treaties and investment arbitration formed the background against which TPP emerged. TPP’s framers delegated significant aspects of the task of striking an appropriate balance between host state rights and investor rights to investment tribunals. This chapter explains how such delegation works in the application of TPP’s contingent standards of protection, fair and equitable treatment standard and rule against expropriation. It explains TPP’s legal-philosophical contribution to future treaty design, and its relevance to global reform of investment arbitration.
Brazil in the Shadow of Megaregional Trade and Investment Standards: Beyond the Grand Debate, Pragmatic Responses
Authors: Trubek David M. , Morosini Fabio , Sanchez-Badin Michelle R. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter addresses the impact of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP)-like policies on third countries, looking at the case of Brazil, one of the most important emerging economies. We argue that TPP-like agreements are a way to bypass resistance to neoliberal ordering in the World Trade Organization (WTO) through the institution of alternative fora. We investigate whether this type of agreement—or bilateral agreements with TPP-type standards—could represent a threat to Brazil’s state-led development mode and conclude they could significantly affect industrial policy, the role of state-owned enterprises, and foreign investment regulation while possibly also constraining Brazil’s policy space in areas such as intellectual property and the digital economy. We review a series of pragmatic moves by Brazil as it seeks to carve out a new role in global economic space during a period of rapid change. This evolving approach, we contend, could allow Brazil to engage in the 21st century economy while preserving the core of its state-led development model.
TPP and India: Inspirations for Sequenced Reforms
Authors: Singh Harsha Vardhana 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter takes the optic of core objectives of India’s internal and external policy-making in order to evaluate existing structures and future possibilities in global economic governance after the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP). It draws insights from a series of expert studies by the author and colleagues covering several core elements of megaregulatory programmes. It evaluates the challenges and opportunities for India, which has undertaken significant but uneven reforms but as yet is unable either to fully align with WTO-plus or TPP-type approaches, or to exert enough influence to remake international rules to better align them with India’s directions. The chapter evaluates future pathways including free trade agreements (FTAs), a possible future TPP-plus, innovative flexibilities and phase-ins, and how even countries that find it difficult to become members of TPP-like agreements could use parts of TPP for their domestic reform, bilateral initiatives, and negotiations in FTAs and the WTO.
Bonhoeffer’s Theological Anthropology and the Greater Tradition, Part II
Authors: Zimmermann Jens 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Chapter 3 continues to outline parallels in patristic and Bonhoeffer’s theology. The first two segments focus on the humanist significance of the church as Christ’s body. Bonhoeffer’s relational understanding of God’s image disallows an individualistic understanding of salvation. His view of the church as “Christ existing as community,” with its transformative ethical implications mirrors Irenaeus’ and Augustine’s ecclesiology. In Bonhoeffer’s deeply sacramental understanding of the church as God’s presence in the world his theology of Stellvertretung, the eucharist, and his ethics converge into a depiction of Christianity as transformative humanism. The chapter then elucidates the biblical roots of “being in Christ,” along with the often overlooked, deeply Trinitarian structure of this participatory ontology in Bonhoeffer. The remainder of the chapter compares his anthropology to the teaching of deification that defines patristic theology. Once deification is properly understood as becoming Christlike, Bonhoeffer’s Christian humanism aligns most clearly with the synergistic, ethical view of the Cappadocian fathers of the Christian life as becoming truly human in conformity to Christ.
Recovering the Natural: Humanizing Politics
Authors: Zimmermann Jens 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Chapter 8, sketching out Bonhoeffer’s political vision to argue its validity for modern, secular states, falls into two main parts. The first section offers a detailed analysis of Bonhoeffer’s recovery of the natural for Protestant theology in the contexts of Protestant and Catholic thought of his time. It becomes clear that prompted by Nazi atrocities, Bonhoeffer recovers Reformational natural law theory in a particular Christ-centered way that is similar to the nature-grace relation proposed by Henri de Lubac, and to the concept of natural law propounded by Jacques Maritain. The second part of the chapter describes Bonhoeffer’s political theology as reflected in his view of church-state relations. The chapter shows that Bonhoeffer appropriates the greater Christian tradition from Augustine to Luther’s two-kingdom theory for his own day. He envisions a secular society and forum of public reasoning on the basis of the natural, a society in which the church bears witness to Christ’s true humanity and labors for the common good of a humane society.
Time and Temporal Content
Authors: Peacocke Christopher 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter presents a metaphysics-first treatment of time and temporal concepts and language, opposed to all forms of subjectivism about time. It defends phenomenal externalism about time, and also aims to explain away temptations to subjectivism about time. It argues that we cannot explain the distinction between mere sensitivity to time and representation of time in terms of perceptual constancies. Nor can we explain it in terms of mere sensitivity to time that is coordinated with other genuinely representational states and capacities. A different theory of the distinction is developed, labelled representational preservation, which has to do with the preservation and updating of representations over time. An account of three different kinds of present-tense content in experience is developed. The correct characterization of the kinds can explain away some metaphysical illusions about time and the experience of temporal passage.
Numbers
Authors: Peacocke Christopher 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter develops a metaphysics-first view of natural numbers and real numbers. The account gives a philosophical priority to applications: to the application of natural numbers as numbering property-instances, and to the application of real numbers as ratios of extensive magnitudes. Each natural number is individuated by the condition for it to be the number of a property. The account is contrasted with the neo-Fregean approach to natural numbers advocated by Wright; but it does have a natural marriage with the postulationist approach of Fine. This metaphysics of numbers can then be deployed in combination with the principle that, for these ontologies, Individuation Precedes Representation. To be capable of representing numbers of these kinds is to have tacit knowledge of the principles that individuate them. The resulting account has both differences from and affinities with the views of Carnap.