bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On stationary two‐dimensional flows around a fast rotating disk
Authors: Gallagher Isabelle , Higaki Mitsuo , Maekawa Yasunori 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe study the two‐dimensional stationary Navier–Stokes equations describing flows around a rotating disk. The existence of unique solutions is established for any rotating speed, and qualitative effects of a large rotation are described precisely by exhibiting a boundary layer structure and an axisymmetrization of the flow.
Noninvasive delivery of an α‐synuclein gene silencing vector with magnetic resonance–guided focused ultrasound
Authors: Xhima Kristiana , Nabbouh Fadl , Hynynen Kullervo , Aubert Isabelle , Tandon Anurag 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTBackground: The characteristic progression of Lewy pathology in Parkinson's disease likely involves intercellular exchange and the accumulation of misfolded α‐synuclein amplified by a prion‐like self‐templating mechanism. Silencing of the α‐synuclein gene could provide long‐lasting disease‐modifying benefits by reducing the requisite substrate for the spreading aggregation.Objectives: As a result of the poor penetration of viral vectors across the blood–brain barrier, gene therapy for central nervous system disorders requires direct injections into the affected brain regions, and invasiveness is further increased by the need for bilateral delivery to multiple brain regions. Here we test a noninvasive approach by combining low‐intensity magnetic resonance–guided focused ultrasound and intravenous microbubbles that can transiently increase the access of brain impermeant therapeutic macromolecules to targeted brain regions.Methods: Transgenic mice expressing human α‐synuclein were subjected to magnetic resonance–guided focused ultrasound targeted to 4 brain regions (hippocampus, substantia nigra, olfactory bulb, and dorsal motor nucleus) in tandem with intravenous microbubbles and an adeno‐associated virus serotype 9 vector bearing a short hairpin RNA sequence targeting the α‐synuclein gene.Results: One month following treatment, α‐synuclein immunoreactivity was decreased in targeted brain regions, whereas other neuronal markers such as synaptophysin or tyrosine hydroxylase were unchanged, and cell death and glial activation remained at basal levels.Conclusions: These results demonstrate that magnetic resonance–guided focused ultrasound can effectively, noninvasively, and simultaneously deliver viral vectors targeting α‐synuclein to multiple brain areas. Importantly, this approach may be useful to alter the progression of Lewy pathology along selected neuronal pathways, particularly as prodromal PD markers improve early diagnoses. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Enhancing intravoxel incoherent motion parameter mapping in the brain usingk‐bPCA
Authors: Spinner Georg R. , Schmidt Johannes F.M. , von Deuster Constantin , Federau Christian , Stoeck Christian T. , Kozerke Sebastian 
Published: September 2018

Intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) imaging of diffusion and perfusion parameters in the brain using parallel imaging suffers from local noise amplification. To address the issue, signal correlations in space and along the diffusion encoding dimension are exploited jointly using a constrained image reconstruction approach. IVIM imaging was performed on a clinical 3 T MR system with diffusion weighting along six gradient directions and 16b‐values encoded per direction across a range of 0–900 s/mm2. Data were collected in 11 subjects, retrospectively undersampled ink‐space with net factors ranging from 2 to 6 and reconstructed using CG‐SENSE and the proposedk‐bPCA approach. Results ofk‐bPCA and CG‐SENSE from retrospectively undersampled data were compared with those from the fully sampled reference. In addition, prospective single‐shotk‐bundersampling was implemented and data were acquired in five additional volunteers. IVIM parameter maps were derived using a segmented least‐squares method. The proposedk‐bPCA method outperformed CG‐SENSE in terms of reconstruction errors for effective undersampling factors of 3 and beyond. Undersampling artifacts were effectively removed withk‐bPCA up to sixfold undersampling. At net sixfold undersampling, relative errors (compared with the fully sampled reference) of image magnitude and IVIM parameters (D,fandD*) were (median ± interquartile range): 3.5 ± 3.7 versus 25.3 ± 25.8%, 2.7 ± 3.6 versus 14.2 ± 20.4%, 15.1 ± 26.1 versus 96.6 ± 67.4% and 14.8 ± 26.6 versus 100 ± 195.1% fork‐bPCA versus CG‐SENSE, respectively. Acquisition with sixfold prospective undersampling yielded average IVIM parameters in the brain of 0.79 ± 0.18 × 10−3 mm2/s forD, 7.35 ± 7.27% forfand 7.11 ± 2.39 × 10−3 mm2/s forD*. Constrained reconstruction usingk‐bPCA improves IVIM parameter mapping from undersampled data when compared with CG‐SENSE reconstruction. Prospectively undersampled single‐shot echo planar imaging acquisition was successfully employed usingk‐bPCA, demonstrating a reduction of image artifacts and noise relative to parallel imaging.
Roles of noradrenergic transmission within the ventral part of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in bidirectional brain‐intestine interactions
Authors: Ide Soichiro , Yamamoto Ryuta , Suzuki Hacchi , Takeda Hiroshi , Minami Masabumi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimsThe bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) is a limbic structure mediating autonomic and neuroendocrine responses and negative affective states such as anxiety and fear. We previously demonstrated that noradrenergic transmission via β‐adrenoceptors within the ventral part of BNST (vBNST) is involved in bidirectional interactions between the brain and the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The present study aimed to examine the roles of intra‐vBNST noradrenergic transmission via β‐adrenoceptors in bidirectional interactions between the brain and lower GI tract.MethodsIn vivo microdialysis experiments were performed to examine colorectal distention (CRD)‐induced noradrenaline release within the vBNST of freely moving male Sprague‐Dawley rats. Colonic transit and abdominal pain perception were examined following intra‐vBNST injections of isoproterenol, a β‐adrenoceptor agonist, with and without co‐administration of timolol, a β‐adrenoceptor antagonist.ResultsCRD increased extracellular noradrenaline levels within the vBNST and evoked abdominal contractions in a pressure‐dependent manner (30‐60 mm Hg). Bilateral intra‐vBNST injections of isoproterenol (30 nmol/side) significantly increased CRD (30 mm Hg)‐induced abdominal contractions. Intra‐vBNST injections of isoproterenol (30 nmol/side) significantly increased colonic transit, which was reversed by co‐administration of timolol (30 nmol/side).ConclusionThe results of this study suggest (a) the existence of a positive feedback loop between intra‐vBNST noradrenaline release and abdominal pain perception, and (b) the modulation of colonic motility by intra‐vBNST noradrenergic transmission via β‐adrenoceptors. Dysfunction of the lower GI tract may increase noradrenaline release within the vBNST, which, in turn, may exacerbate impairment of its motility and pain perception.
Prospective identification versus administrative coding of adverse drug reaction‐related hospitalizations in the elderly: A comparative analysis
Authors: Parameswaran Nair Nibu , Chalmers Leanne , Peterson Gregory M. , Bereznicki Bonnie J. , Curtain Colin M. , Bereznicki Luke R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPurposeTo compare prospective identification of adverse drug reaction (ADR)‐related hospital admissions in the elderly with administrative coding using the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision Australian Modification (ICD‐10‐AM) coding system.MethodsWe linked the records of 768 enrolled patients from an earlier study, where clinical pharmacists identified ADRs using prospective data collection, to hospital administrative data. We identified patients in the study whose admissions were coded as ADRs using ICD‐10‐AM codes. We then compared the prevalence and characteristics of ADR‐related hospital admissions identified by the two approaches.ResultsAccording to ICD‐10‐AM coding, 2.7% of patients were admitted due to ADRs, while 15.0% of patients were deemed to have been admitted due to ADRs based on prospective identification by clinical pharmacists. Most (85.7%) patients coded as having an ADR‐related hospital admission were also identified as such prospectively. Hematological (23.1%) and metabolic reactions (23.1%) were frequent causes of ADRs identified by coding, whereas cardiovascular ADRs (27.8%) were more common causes of ADRs identified prospectively by pharmacists. Antidepressants (16.7%) and cardiac glycosides (16.7%) were the most commonly implicated drug groups in ADRs identified by coding, whereas diuretics (28.8%) and renin‐angiotensin system inhibitors (17.0%) were frequently implicated as causes of ADRs identified prospectively by pharmacists.ConclusionsReliance on administrative coding potentially underestimates the extent of the problem of ADRs as a cause of hospitalization in the elderly, and more detailed prospective analysis of admissions provides additional targets for strategies to prevent ADRs. The types of ADRs identified also differ between the two approaches.
1,2 Enriched polymerization of isoprene by cobalt complex carrying aminophosphory fused (PN3) ligand
Authors: Jia Xiaoyu , Zhang Xuequan , Gong Dirong 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTMetal‐catalyzed selective isoprene polymerization has been a major entry toward cis‐1,4, trans‐1,4, and 3,4 isomers of polyisoprene, however, 1,2 selective polymerization of isoprene has not yet been achieved due to the steric problem. In this work, difluoro cobalt complexes carrying aminophosphory (‐HN‐P(=O)
tBu2‐) fused pyrazol‐pyridine ligand has been prepared and characterized. In combination with Mgn‐Bu2, the formed catalyst unprecedentedly converts isoprene to polyisoprene with 1,2 enchainment up to 50 mol% in a molecular weight controlled polymerization mode. The resultant polymers are fully characterized by NMR, IR, DSC, and GPC. The 1,2 incorporation of polyisoprene is weakly dependent on feeding of Mgn‐Bu2 and reaction temperature. The weak affinity between Mg2+ and allylic terminal of propagating chain is possible for the unique 1,2 irregular insertion and non‐irreversible chain transfer and termination reactions throughout the chain propagation. The ability of current catalyst demonstrates a big advantage for application in the development of 1,2 selective polymerization of isoprene, and a potential for access to a new family of polyisoprene. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 2286–2293
Effects of tertiary amines and quaternary ammonium halides in polysulfone on membrane gas separation properties
Authors: Zhu Lingxiang , Tian Ding , Shin Dongwon , Jia Weiguang , Bae Chulsung , Lin Haiqing 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTPolymers containing CO2‐philic groups are of great interest for CO2/light gas separation membranes because the affinity toward CO2 can effectively increase CO2 solubility and thus permeability. In this study, polysulfones (PSUs) modified with different degrees of benzyldimethylamine (DMA), benzyltrimethylammonium fluoride (TMAF), and benzyltrimethylammonium iodide (TMAI) were synthesized using sequential post‐functionalization reactions and investigated for CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 separation. The physical properties of these polymers were studied, including density, fractional free volume, and glass transition temperature. In contrast to the conventional wisdom that tertiary amines exhibit an affinity toward CO2, this study convincingly shows that the DMA substituent has a minimal impact on CO2 solubility and CO2/light gas solubility selectivity in PSUs under dry condition. On the other hand, incorporating TMAF and TMAI in PSU significantly increases CO2 solubility. Particularly, introducing TMAI with a molar ratio of 1.07 relative to PSU repeating units increases CO2/CH4 solubility from 4.4 to 5.2, CO2/CH4 permeability selectivity from 21 to 45, and CO2/N2 permeability selectivity from 24 to 33 at 35 °C, while the CO2 permeability decreases from 5.6 to 1.7 Barrers. The effect of these functional groups in PSUs on gas diffusivity and diffusivity selectivity can be satisfactorily described by the free volume model. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018, 56, 1239–1250
The effects of anxiety on the receipt of treatments for esophageal cancer
Authors: Wang Ting‐Yao , Chen Vincent Chin‐Hung , Yang Yao‐Hsu , Chen Chao‐Yu , Lee Chuan‐Pin , Wu Shu‐I 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the association between anxiety and receipt of treatments for esophageal cancer.MethodsWe used a population‐based cohort to obtain information of patients with esophageal cancer. Baseline diagnoses of depression or anxiety were identified. Competing risk analyses were used to estimate hazard ratios for risk factors affecting the receipt of anticancer therapies. Subanalysis for the association of anxiety and anticancer therapy stratified by covariates were also performed.ResultsTen thousand five hundred thirty‐seven patients with esophageal cancer were identified. Seven hundred thirty‐two patients (6.9%) had anxiety disorder before the diagnosis of esophageal cancer. Competing risk model showed that having anxiety disorder was positively associated with the receipt of anticancer treatments (hazard ratio 1.12, 95% CI 1.03–1.22, P = .011), while having depression did not affect patients' status of receiving treatments (hazard ratio 1.05, 95% CI 0.93–1.19, P = .462). Besides, older age, female gender, lower income, and having comorbidities of chronic renal failure and liver cirrhosis were associated with a decreased possibility of receiving anticancer therapy.ConclusionsOur results indicate that esophageal cancer patient with anxiety disorder has higher possibility to receive anticancer therapy than patients without anxiety disorder.
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) enhances prostate cancer metastasis potentially through NF‐κB activation and recurrent dexamethasone administration fails to suppress it in vivo
Authors: Jain Sumeet , Dash Pujarini , Minz Aliva P. , Satpathi Sanghamitra , Samal Ajit G. , Behera Prativa K. , Satpathi Partha S. , Senapati Shantibhusan 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundPrevious studies have shown the effect of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on enhanced cancer cells’ growth and metastasis. However, the effect of LPS on prostate cancer (PCa) cells metastasis has not been investigated in details. This study aimed to investigate the functional role of LPS on PCa cells metastasis and determine the effect of dexamethasone (DEX) on this event.MethodsTwo different PCa reporter cells lines (DU145‐NF‐κB‐Luc and MAT‐LyLu‐ NF‐κB‐Luc) were used to assess the direct effect of LPS on NF‐κB activation in PCa cells. Plasma collected from LPS‐stimulated human and rodent blood were used to check the indirect effect of LPS on NF‐κB activation in PCa cells. Trans‐well migration assay and two different orthotopic PCa animal models were used to investigate the effect of LPS on DU145 and MAT‐LyLu cells migration or metastasis in vitro and in vivo, respectively. In all the studies DEX was used with or without LPS stimulation.ResultsLPS and secretory factors present in plasma collected from LPS‐stimulated blood, significantly activated NF‐κB in DU145, and MAT‐LyLu cells and enhanced their migration in vitro. DEX significantly suppressed LPS‐mediated activation of cancer and blood cells and abrogated the direct and indirect pro‐migratory effect of LPS on PCa cells. Systemic administration of LPS activated NF‐κB in DU145 cells in vivo; however, failed to alter the metastatic properties of these cells. On the other hand, systemic administration of LPS to MAT‐LyLu tumor bearing animals significantly enhanced the incidence of metastasis without altering the overall growth of primary tumors. Unexpectedly, though DEX significantly suppressed MAT‐LyLu primary tumor weights, it aggravated metastasis of cancer cells in presence and absence of LPS. Moreover, consecutive DEX pre‐treatment enhanced experimental peritoneal metastasis of MAT‐LyLu cells. At the molecular level, LPS, and/or DEX induced overexpression of immunosuppressive molecules in MAT‐LyLu tumors.ConclusionsOverall, our study has shown that LPS and/or LPS induced inflammation can increase PCa metastasis and immunosuppressive dose of DEX might further enhance cancer metastasis.
Restoration increases transient storages in boreal headwater streams
Authors: Marttila Hannu , Turunen Jarno , Aroviita Jukka , Tammela Simo , Luhta Pirkko‐Liisa , Muotka Timo , Kløve Bjørn 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBed siltation can drastically alter the physical conditions of headwater streams and is therefore a stressor for stream ecosystems. We studied 32 headwater streams that represented near‐natural (reference; N = 11), sediment‐impacted (N = 12), or wood‐ (N = 4) or stone‐restored (N = 5) streams to quantify how extensive siltation and restoration with either large woody debris (LWD) or boulder structures influence transient storage conditions. We carried out repeated stream tracer experiments, field measurements of habitat characteristics, and numerical simulations to determine the effects of siltation and restoration on total transient storage. Compared with reference streams, impacted streams had a smaller storage zone cross‐sectional area (As/A) ratio and fraction of median travel time due to transient storage (F200), whereas restored streams had transient storage conditions similar to near‐natural conditions. Both of the two restoration methods had positive but differing impacts on bed sediment and transient storage properties. The LWD restoration created diverse total transient storage conditions, whereas boulder restoration decreased fine sediment cover. Addition of both LWD and boulders could thus aid the recovery of headwater streams from excessive sediment input and increase transient storage and in‐stream habitat complexity.
Reducing the network overhead of user mobility–induced virtual machine migration in mobile edge computing
Authors: Zhang Fei , Liu Guangming , Zhao Bo , Fu Xiaoming , Yahyapour Ramin 
Published: September 2018

SummaryWith the popularity of mobile devices (such as smartphones and tablets) and the development of the Internet of Things, mobile edge computing is envisioned as a promising approach to improving the computation capabilities and energy efficiencies of mobile devices. It deploys cloud data centers at the edge of the network to lower service latency. To satisfy the high latency requirement of mobile applications, virtual machines (VMs) have to be correspondingly migrated between edge cloud data centers because of user mobility. In this paper, we try to minimize the network overhead resulting from constantly migrating a VM to cater for the movement of its user. First, we elaborate on two simple migration algorithms (M‐All and M‐Edge), and then, two optimized algorithms are designed by classifying user mobilities into two categories (certain and uncertain moving trajectories). Specifically, a weight‐based algorithm (M‐Weight) and a mobility prediction–based heuristic algorithm (M‐Predict) are proposed for the two types of user mobilities, respectively. Numerical results demonstrate that the two optimized algorithms can significantly lower the network overhead of user mobility–induced VM migration in mobile edge computing environments.
mRNA expression profiling in cotyledons reveals significant up‐regulation of the two bovine pregnancy‐associated glycoprotein genes boPAG‐8 and boPAG‐11 in early gestation
Authors: Wiedemann Isabel , Krebs Tony , Momberg Niklas , Knorr Christoph , Tetens Jens 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe multigene family of pregnancy‐associated glycoproteins (PAGs) belongs to a group of aspartic proteases that are exclusively expressed by trophoblast cells in the placenta of even‐toed ungulates. In Bovidae, 22 different PAG genes (boPAGs) with a wide range of temporal and spatial expression‐ and glycosylation patterns have been reported to date. In this study we describe the mRNA expression patterns using real‐time quantitative PCR (qPCR) for selected modern (boPAG‐1, ‐9, ‐21) and ancient bovine PAGs (boPAG‐2, ‐8, ‐10, ‐11, ‐12) in cotyledonary tissue. The highest mean expression was detected in boPAG‐8 and lowest in boPAG‐10 (P < 0.05). Furthermore, boPAG‐8 and ‐11 were significantly greater expressed in early gestation compared with later pregnancy stages. The characterization of boPAG mRNA‐expression levels gives important insights for further protein analyses which will be valuable information for the development of new pregnancy detection systems.
Angiogenesis‐related gene expression profile in clinical cases of canine cancer
Authors: Tanabe Atsushi , Kobayashi Daisuke , Maeda Koki , Taguchi Masayuki , Sahara Hiroeki 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe balance between pro‐ and anti‐angiogenic signalling is tightly regulated in normal tissues to maintain the functions of the vasculature. In contrast, the overproduction of angiogenic factors and enhanced angiogenesis are frequently observed in several types of tumours. Although there have been many reports on the correlation between tumour progression and angiogenesis in humans, little is known about tumour angiogenesis in canines. Hence, we attempted to clarify whether angiogenesis contributes to tumour progression in canines as well as humans. In this study, we investigated the expression of several angiogenesis‐related genes, including CD34, VEGF‐A, VEGFR‐1, VEGFR‐2, Ang‐1, Ang‐2, Tie1, and Tie2, in 66 canine tumour tissues and in the normal tissues surrounding the tumours by quantitative real‐time PCR analysis. Our comparative analysis between canine tumour tissues and normal tissues revealed that several angiogenesis‐related genes, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF‐receptor genes, were significantly upregulated in canine tumour tissues when compared to the normal tissues. We also found that the angiopoietin (Ang)‐1/Ang‐2 gene expression ratio was lower in canine tumour tissues than in the normal tissues, suggesting less association between vascular endothelial cells and perivascular cells in the canine tumour tissues. Taken together, our results suggest that several angiogenesis‐related genes may contribute to the malignant progression of canine tumours via tumour angiogenesis.