bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study on the efficacy and adverse effects of methotrexate in psoriasis patients in a tertiary care centre
Authors: S. Yesodha , G. Sujatha , J. Arunkumar 
Published: July 2019

Background: Psoriasis is a common, chronic and recurrent inflammatory disease of the skin. Methotrexate has been used in patient with psoriasis, a folic acid antagonist interfering with purine pathway and the mechanism of action in psoriasis is immune modulation and anti-inflammation. So, this study aims at monitoring the efficacy and adverse effects of methotrexate in south Indian patients with psoriasis attending a tertiary care hospital.Methods: It is a prospective, observational study conducted for a period of one year in subjects of either sex having psoriasis. Methotrexate was initiated in a single weekly oral dose of 5mg to 25mg. The efficacy was evaluated using psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score in all patients before starting methotrexate therapy and the end of first month, third month and sixth month of therapy. Adverse reaction was monitored.Results: All 40 psoriasis patients after treatment with methotrexate therapy showed improved skin lesions by falling PASI scoring at the end of first, third and sixth month of treatment. None of the patients in our study had pulmonary toxicity, life threatening adverse effects which required hospitalization.Conclusions: Use of methotrexate in the treatment of psoriasis in this study was found to be safe and highly efficacious and caused minimal adverse effects and it was well tolerated.
A study on pattern of adverse drug reaction in an adverse drug reaction monitoring centre of a tertiary care hospital in South Kerala, India
Authors: Rajan Ajay , T. Ramani P. , Raj Sabitha 
Published: July 2019

Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADR) are rated as fifth leading cause of death and accounts for approximately 5% of all hospital admissions. Under reporting of ADR from healthcare professional is considered as the contributing factor for increased morbidity and mortality. India has taken well appreciated step to launch Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPI) to safeguard heath care of Indian population. This study looks into the detailed analysis of ADR reported to adverse drug reaction monitoring centre (AMC), Government Medical College, Trivandrum to assess its pattern, causality, severity and seriousness of ADR. Primary objectives of this study are the pattern of adverse drug reactions reported to ADR monitoring centre (AMC) and secondary objective is to assess causality, severity.Methods: A record based descriptive study was conducted in the ADR monitoring centre of government medical college, Trivandrum, Kerala from September 1st 2016 to February 2017(6 months). The data were collected from the all reported case records/ ADR report form of CDSCO. The details of the various adverse drug reactions were identified and analysed to find the pattern of adverse drug reactions including distribution of age, gender, causal drug group, system organ class. Also, an attempt is made to do causality assessment using WHO UMC scale and severity by using Heart wig Seigel Scale.Results: Out of 320 ADR cases, majority of reports were due to cutaneous manifestations. Most common ADRs were erythema, induration, and rash, itching. Females were 56% and males were 44%. Majority cases were of adult age group. Causality 91.88% were probably related, 75.6% were mild reaction. 25% of cases were serious. 77.5% were recovered. Antibacterial implicated 25(7.8%) followed by anti-epileptics 24 (7.5%) ADR.Conclusions: The pattern of adverse drug reactions reported to this AMC is comparable to the studies done in other parts of country. A strong need for streamlining of ADR monitoring system and reporting reemphasized by this study, which will promote the ADR reporting in healthcare professionals.
Drug utilisation study in medicine outpatient department at Ashwini Rural Medical College, Kumbhari, Solapur, India
Authors: Bhalerao Pramod P. , Waghmare Chandrakant S. 
Published: July 2019

Background: Drug utilization studies are used to analyze different aspects of the use of drugs and to implement methods of improving therapeutic quality. This study was conducted to study drug prescription pattern in Medicine Outpatient Department (OPD) in Ashwini Rural Medical College, Kumbhari. Methods: Six hundred prescriptions were screened & analyzed as per the study parameters at Medicine OPD of Ashwini Rural Medical College, Kumbhari. Study parameters like demographic profile of the patient like age, sex and diagnosis were recorded. Doctor details and patient details like age, sex and address were analyzed. Also, groups of drugs commonly prescribed, number of drugs per patient, drug profile and drawbacks of prescription if any were recorded and analyzed.Results: Most common group of drugs prescribed by physicians were Analgesics (21.84%), followed by Drugs for Peptic ulcer (17.92%) and Multivitamins/multimineral (14.70%). The average number of drugs prescribed per patient was 2.38. The incidence of Polypharmacy was common occurrence and some prescriptions had small drawbacks like absence of diagnosis, absence of doctor’s signature, etc.Conclusions: Authors conclude that most of the prescriptions which were analyzed at Ashwini Rural Medical College Hospital, Kumbhari, were according to the standard norms of WHO prescriptions and also most of the drugs prescribed were from the list of essential drug list. But still there is scope for improvement in prescription pattern.
Is it possible to augment myocardial protection during cardiopulmonary bypass by administration of inhalational anesthetics?
Authors: Molchan N. S. , Polushin Yu. S. , Zhloba A. A. , Kobak A. E. , Khryapa A. A. 
Published: July 2019

Aim: To evaluate the possibility to augment myocardial protection with desflurane and sevoflurane by prolongation of their delivery into the oxygenator of the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) pump during surgical myocardial revascularization.Materials and methods: This randomized prospective study included 75 patients with ischemic heart disease who underwent aortocoronary and mammary coronary bypass grafting with extracorporeal circulation from 2014 to 2017. The patients were allocated into the three study group by means of a random number table generated by Statistica 10.0 software, depending on the anesthetic agent used: group 1, desflurane (n=30), group 2, sevoflurane (n=28), and group 3 (control), propofol (n=17). Desflurane and sevoflurane were delivered into the oxygenator during the artificial circulation. Hemodynamic parameters were assessed, such as cardiac index, total peripheral vascular resistance index, pulmonary artery wedge pressure. Changes in lactate, pyruvate, alanine, glutamate, glutamine, aspartate, asparagine, taurine, leucine, isoleucine and valine levels over time were assessed in blood taken from the heart coronary sinus before aortal clamping, before release of the clamp and after 30 minutes of reperfusion. During the first 24 hours post perfusion, we assessed the incidence of postperfusion heart failure (PPHF), duration of mechanical ventilation and duration of stay in the intensive care unit. Troponin I levels were measured at 12 and 24 hours after the intervention.Results: There were no significant differences in the changes of the hemodynamic parameters over time in all the groups. The PPHF incidence and the course of the postoperative period were similar in all the groups. Irrespective on the type of the anesthesia, lactate and pyruvate levels increased during the CPB, with no significant differences between the groups, as well as the postoperative troponin I levels at 12 and 24 hours after surgery. No differences between the groups were found for the changes of amino acid levels over time, except a significant reduction of alanine levels during the aortal clamp in the group 3.Conclusion: Prolongation of desflurane and sevoflurane delivery into the CPB pump oxygenator does not augment myocardial protection during myocardial revascularization surgery.
The Effect of Kupang Seafood’s Mercury Level on Consumers’ Blood Mercury Level at Bursa Kupang Sidoarjo
Authors: Puspitasari Maulidiana 
Published: July 2019

Mercury pollution from industrial waste has long been indicated as harmful to environment and human health. Sidoarjo is an industrial city whose water source contaminated with heavy metal mercury and can pollute the living biota around, including kupang fish. Kupang is the main raw material for Sidoarjo's signature foods, unfortunately numbers of health problems to consumers are notified if the mercury from kupang enters human body. The aims of this research is first to analyze the effect of mercury levels in kupang toward mercury levels in consumer's blood, second aim is to analyze the differences of mercury level in consumers and non-consumers’ blood. This research was a cross-sectional design under observational research framework. The dependent variable is the mercury level in the respondent's blood while the independent variable is the mercury level in lontong kupang seafood. The variables were measured by questionnaire and examination of mercury levels in blood were performed to 20 respondents. The exposure or independent variable was measured from Mercury levels in kupang. The statistical method used was is linear regression to see the effect of mercury level in kupang seafood toward mercury level in comsumers’s blood; and t-test was adopted to see the difference between mercury levels in consumers and non-consumers blood. It was found that, lontong kupang seafood produced in Sentra Kupang Gedangan contained mercury level in average of 0.0098 mg/L. While, mercury levels in respondents’s blood were under the standard of 5 µg/L. Blood mercury levels amongst kupang seafood consumers was 0.485 µg/L in average, while blood mercury level amongst non-consumers was 0.0792 µg/L in average. The result of liniear regression test suggested that there is no significant effect from kupang’s mercury level toward consumers’ blood mercury level. Nevertheless, there is significant differences between mercury level between exposed and non-exposed group. The conclusion of this research. There is significant difference in mercury blood level of being the consumers of kupang seafood rather than non-consumers, it is therefore necessary to raise awareness and educate population regarding the hazard behind the delicacy of kupang.
Implikasi Putusan Mk Nomor 68/Puu-XV/2017 Terhadap Jaksa Penuntut Umum Dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak
Authors: Nazla Lutfia 
Published: July 2019

Dalam penyelesaian anak yang berhadapan dengan hukum untuk lebih melindungi dan mengayomi anak diberlakukan pembedaan perlakuan dan ancaman yang diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak (SPPA) dengan kebijakan diversif sebagai bentuk keadilan restoratif. Aturan ini selaras dengan Konvensi PBB tentang Hak-Hak Anak (Convention on the Rights of the Child). Konvensi tahun 1989 ini telah diratifikasi oleh lebih 191 negara, termasuk Indonesia melalui Keputusan Presiden Nomor 36 Tahun 1990, seterusnya lahir peraturan perundangan lain yang berpihak pada kepentingan terbaik bagi anak (The Best Interest of the Child). Aturan itu antara lain dengan pendekatan diversif sebagai bentuk keadilan restoratif. Di sisi lain ada ancaman terhadap penegak hukum berupa sanksi pidana apabila tidak melakukan diversi terhadap perkara yang wajib diversi sebagaimana diatur Pasal 99, pasal 100 dan Pasal 101 UU SPPA. Namun pasal tersebut telah dibatalkan MK pada Maret 2013 melalui Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 68/PUU-XV/2017 sebagai bentuk perlindungan terhadap penegak hukum yang bekerja melaksanakan tugasnya. Ini bukan berarti tidak melaksanakan prinsip diversi karena penjatuhan hukuman adalah termasuk dalam bagian pembinaan anak itu sendiri. Jurnal ini menguji Implikasi putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi nomor 68/PUU-XV/2017 terhadap penuntut umum
Diversification and Community Bank Performance during a Financial Crisis
Authors: Estes Kathy 
Published: July 2019

Many U.S. banks failed or performed poorly during the recent financial crisis. Although the costliest failures were large institutions, the majority of failures were community banks (less than $1 billion in total assets). Community banks, which are considered instrumental in small business lending and employment growth, face different risks and challenges than their larger counterparts, including a lack of economies of scale and scope and exclusion from “too-big-to-fail” status. These challenges, coupled with the recent failures, motivate research into potential strategies managers can use to improve performance. This study examined the relationship between three potential diversification strategies and community bank risk-adjusted performance from 2007 to 2011. Understanding these relationships could improve management’s decision-making, allowing them to choose risk-mitigating strategies during a severe economic downturn. Herfindahl-Hirschman Indexes (HHIs) were calculated as proxies for geographic, activity, and asset diversification. Multiple regression models for each of the five years were used to calculate the impact of diversification variables on risk-adjusted ROA. The results show that diversification in all areas is directly related to performance; however, only the asset diversification relationship is significant. To the extent possible for community banks, diversification may improve risk-adjusted performance.
Pricing Linkage between Islamic Banking and Conventional Banking: The Case of Bangladesh
Authors: Ahmed Sarwar Uddin , Rahman Ashikur , Ahmed Samuel Parvez , Ullah Wali 
Published: July 2019

Islamic banking is based on profit and loss mechanism where the use of interest is prohibited. Unlike conventional banks, these banks do not charge a specific rate of interest, rather provides financing in exchange for profit sharing. However, there are studies claiming that, in practice, Islamic banking is same as conventional banking with regard to the use of interest. It is also claimed that, Islamic deposits are not interest-free, but are closely attached to conventional deposits. On this background, the objective of this study is to examine the relationship between pricing in Islamic banks vis-à-vis conventional banks by taking the case of Bangladesh. We have used monthly data during the period of 2009-2013. The findings of the study showed that, there is no statistically significant difference between the monthly average lending rates of Islamic banks and conventional banks. However, there is significant difference between deposit rates. The existence of causal relationship was inconclusive, and requires further analysis.
IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAME EVALUATION OF SOCIAL HEALTH SERVICE IN HEALTH INSURANCE BY FAMILY DOCTOR IN PONTIANAK
Authors: Imran Imran 
Published: July 2019

The purpose of the research was to evaluate the implementation of health service process, participant of social health insurance by family doctor, that consist of necessary, the background of the program, readiness of the program, realization of the program and the accomplishment of the health service program in health insurance by family doctor. The research used qualitative and quantitative approach by CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product) evaluation model. The participants of social health insurance program by family doctor were 10.487 people. Most of them gave positive response and the satisfaction index of health service by family doctor was good. The result of the research showed the implementation of health service in health insurance by family doctor have done with the appropriate purpose and standard. The result of this evaluation research was the health service in health insurance program by family doctor could increase the participants of health insuranceâ€™s health level in Pontianak City and it can be continued by The Social Health Insurance Provider.

Keywords: Social health insurance, family doctor, health service program, health level.
ARABIDOPSIS POLLEN ABORTION MUTANT 2, Encoding an Unknown Protein with Three WD40-Repeats, Is Essential for Late Pollen Mature in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Ma Zhaoxia , Zhang Xueqin , Chen Liqun , Zhang Guobin , Liu Yue , Ye De , Yang Hongyu 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background In flowering plants, pollen formation is a very complex process. It is strictly regulated by various genetic factors. Some of these factors have been identified, but the regulatory mechanism concerning the process of late pollen maturing remains unknown.
Results Previously we identified and reported an ARABIDOPSIS POLLEN ABORTION MUTANT 2 (APAM2) gene which was required for pollen formation in Arabidopsis thaliana. In this study, we further analysed the phenotype of atapam2 and the subcellular localisation of AtAPAM2. Mutation in AtAPAM2 drastically affected male gametophytic function, impacted the late pollen mature process, and resulted in mature pollen grains from atapam2/+ plants being shrivelled and dead. It was expressed among seedlings, roots, stems, leaves, siliques, flowers, and pollen grains. However, its expression levels in flowers and pollen grains were much higher than in other tissues. Gene AtAPAM2 encodes an unknown protein with three WD40-repeats with localisation in plasma membrane and nucleus, and homologous proteins exist in many species.
Conclusions We determined that AtAPAM2 may play a role in pollen formation and other development processes by interacting with other proteins, but we did not identify the protein that interacts with it.
Medical Students’ Perceptions and Patient Safety Education in China Using the Medical Student Safety Attitudes and Professionalism Survey: Safety attitudes and behavioural intentions
Authors: Liu He , Yu Dandan , Zhao Siqi , Sun Shufan , jiao mingli , Shao juanjuan , Wang Dan , Zhang Min , Wu yuming 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background

Ensuring patient safety is a top priority among health administrators and in the medical communities of all WHO member countries. This study aimed to assess fourth-year medical students’ perceptions and experiences with cultural factors during clinical rotation to identify the medical school education needed to promote patient safety.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 615 fourth-year medical students at three medical universities in Heilongjiang Province, China, in 2016 using the Medical Student Safety Attitudes and Professionalism Survey (MSSAPS) questionnaire. Chi-squared for contingency tests compared the percentages of agreement to items across schools and regarding overall patient safety, patient safety behavioural intentions and five cultural dimensions. Spearman correlations assessed statistical associations.

Results

The five cultural dimensions positively and significantly related to perceptions of overall patient safety and patient safety behavioural intentions. Perceptions of patient safety were positive across the three medical schools. Agreement was almost universal with the following statement: ‘We followed standard operating procedures, guidelines, and protocols for the floor’ (99.5%), although 42.8% agreed that ‘A member of my team was rude and disrespectful to a patient or family member’. The respondents’ preferences for course content delivery were academic lecture, teaching in clinical rounds and case studies. The preferred course content was ‘ways to handle clinical risks’, ‘the causes of medical errors and the principles of risk prevention’ and ‘strengthening infection controls and reducing nosocomial infections.

Conclusion

Fourth-year students seemed willing to learn about this important issue. Policymakers should increase their focus on educational needs based on students’ clinical experiences and their emphasis on organizational problems related to error reporting to establish and implement appropriate patient safety education.
Determinant Factors Influencing Absenteeism among Ethiopian Health Science College Students
Authors: serbesa Masresha Leta , zewde gosaye T/haymanot 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Introduction

The absenteeism of students from classrooms and clinical setting has a negative impact on their performance and prolongs the length of their studying. The aim of this study was to identify the factors influencing absenteeism among students at Harar Health Science College.

Methods

Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted on 313 college health science students. A self-administered pre tested questionnaire which consists of teaching (6 items), course content (4 items), learning (4 items), assessment (6 items) and social problems (3 items) was used to collect data by using Stratified random sampling method with proportionate allocation.

Results

38 (31.1%) was taken the highest frequency of 4 or more days absenteeism and Pharmacy department was the leading from all other health science departments. The main reasons reported for missing lectures, clinical site and skill lab were shortage of instructors at clinical site, insufficient equipment at demonstration room, inconvenient language used by the instructors and the assessment technique used by the instructors.

Conclusion

the overall prevalence of absenteeism from the class room as well as hospital practice was 186 (59.4%) and 115 (36.7%) respectively.
Perspectives on Laparoscopic Surgery Among Chinese General Surgery Residents: Single-Site Survey Study with Instructive Lessons for Program Directors and Teaching Hospitals
Authors: Jin Bao , Zheng Zhibo , Zheng Yongchang , Xu Haifeng , Chi Tianyi , Du Shunda , Lu Xin , Mao Yilei , Sang Xinting 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background

To assess resident perspectives on laparoscopic surgery and how it might differ compared to open surgery.

Materials and Methods

Anonymous surveys were sent to residents who came to hepatic surgery service rotation during Sep 2013 to Aug 2017. Statistical comparisons were conducted using student T-test, comparing mean satisfaction and preferences.

Results

A total of 80 residents responded to the survey, distributed across the spectrum of training levels. Of the 80 respondents, 9 were in their first year of training, while 18, 41, and 12 were in their second, third, or fourth years of training, respectively. Among them, there were 11 residents were not included in the final analysis. Residents indicated that they preferred open procedures for conferring greater exposure to operating (7.172 ± 1.4646 for open vs 4.414 ± 2.1442 for laparoscopy, p < 0.001). Residents indicated that laparoscopic procedures were preferred in aiding in understanding of the surgical procedure (6.814 ± 1.3323 for open vs 7.407 ± 1.3014 for laparoscopy, p = 0.016).

Conclusions

These results suggest that residents prefer open procedures for hands-on experience, while laparoscopic procedures confer the advantage of facilitating the learning of a surgical procedure. This provides an opportunity for intervention, as minimally invasive surgeries(MIS) are a major component of modern surgical practice and, therefore, must be an area of strength in the training of surgical residents.
TO THE QUESTION ABOUT MEAT FREEZING. REVIEW
Authors: Lisitsyn Andrey B. , Chernukha Irina M. , Lunina Olga I. 
Published: July 2019

The overview of studies of freezing and defrosting of raw meat, conducted during the recent years, is presented in the article. The freezing is the most effective method of preserving meat, so developments in this area are in demand by the food industry. There is noted the work on the creation of innovative technologies aimed at the optimizing of the freezing conditions (time, speed), reducing the loss of quality of the frozen products. Affected problems, which are appearing during the defrosting of meat, frozen in fresh and chilled condition. The interest of the use of the meat in the fresh state, which has not been in demand by the industry so far, is returning.