bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dark adaptation changes in highly myopic patients
Authors: Messerlin Arnaud , Greth Mathieu , Bourcier Tristan , Sauer Arnaud , Speeg-Schatz Claude , Gaucher David 
Published: July 2018

Purpose: The objective of this study was to determine whether the dark adaptation time was longer in highly myopic patients than in emmetropic patients and whether there was a correlation between dark adaptation results and axial length. Patients and methods: We conducted a retrospective study that included highly myopic patients with −6.00 dioptres or more, matched to emmetropic control patients of the same age. All patients underwent an automated adaptometry protocol that calculates the rod intercept that reflects rod-mediated dark adaptation. Axial length was measured. Colour photographs were taken to look for retinal atrophic lesions. Results: A total of 25 highly myopic patients and 25 control patients were included. The mean rod intercept was 4.38 (±1.60) min in the myopic patients and 4.27 (±1.41) min in the control patients. This difference was not statistically significant ( p = 0.79). However, in myopic patients, the longer the axial length was, the longer the dark adaptation time was ( p = 0.0003). In addition, dark adaptation was significantly longer in myopic patients with retinal pigment epithelium atrophy than in patients without lesions ( p = 0.0398). Conclusion: In this study, dark adaptation time did not significantly differ between myopic patients and controls but was correlated with axial length in patients with severe myopia and was significantly longer in the presence of retinal pigment epithelium atrophic lesions.
Factors that affect scrub practitioner non-technical skills: a qualitative analysis
Authors: McClelland Guy 
Published: July 2018

Context Non-technical skills are the cognitive and affective behaviours that underpin clinical practice in surgery. The purpose of this study was to explore the factors that affect how scrub practitioners use non-technical skills during surgery and their behavioural responses to those factors. Methods Eight scrub practitioners participated in a qualitative semi-structured interview study. Results Five major categories were found to affect scrub practitioner non-technical skills. These categories were democratises surgery, learns from experiences, comprehends situations, comprehends behaviours and insidious threats. Key findings and implications: A scrub practitioner’s ability to use non-technical skills results from the interdependent relationship of intrinsic and extrinsic motivators that affect their own behaviours, and those of their colleagues, during surgery.
Outcomes of radialization for radial longitudinal deficiency: 20 limbs with minimum 5-year follow-up
Authors: Bhat Anil K. , Narayanakurup Jayakrishnan K. , Acharya Ashwath M. , Kumar Bhaskaranand 
Published: July 2018

We report functional and cosmetic outcomes in 14 patients (six bilateral and eight unilateral) with type IV radial longitudinal deficiency who underwent radialization. Follow-up ranged from 5 to 19 years. Outcome measures were grip and pinch strengths, Percival and Sykes score, Vilkki score, Cattaneo grading, and a questionnaire to patients. Radiological assessment included the hand-forearm angle, the hand-forearm position, and ulna length and width. At final follow-up, the length of the affected ulna was 56% of the length of the normal ulna. The distal ulna hypertrophied to 97% of the opposite distal radius and a median loss of correction of hand-forearm angle was 9°. All hands improved on Vilkki severity grade and on the Cattaneo functional and aesthetic grading. We conclude that radialization is an effective procedure in these cases, but secondary procedures may be required for the long-term maintenance of wrist alignment and hand function. Level of evidence: IV
Incorporating Unannounced Meals and Exercise in Adaptive Learning of Personalized Models for Multivariable Artificial Pancreas Systems
Authors: Hajizadeh Iman , Rashid Mudassir , Turksoy Kamuran , Samadi Sediqeh , Feng Jianyuan , Sevil Mert , Hobbs Nicole , Lazaro Caterina , Maloney Zacharie , Littlejohn Elizabeth , Cinar Ali 
Published: July 2018

Background: Despite the recent advancements in the modeling of glycemic dynamics for type 1 diabetes mellitus, automatically considering unannounced meals and exercise without manual user inputs remains challenging. Method: An adaptive model identification technique that incorporates exercise information and estimates of the effects of unannounced meals obtained automatically without user input is proposed in this work. The effects of the unknown consumed carbohydrates are estimated using an individualized unscented Kalman filtering algorithm employing an augmented glucose-insulin dynamic model, and exercise information is acquired from noninvasive physiological measurements. The additional information on meals and exercise is incorporated with personalized estimates of plasma insulin concentration and glucose measurement data in an adaptive model identification algorithm. Results: The efficacy of the proposed personalized and adaptive modeling algorithm is demonstrated using clinical data involving closed-loop experiments of the artificial pancreas system, and the results demonstrate accurate glycemic modeling with the average root-mean-square error (mean absolute error) of 25.50 mg/dL (18.18 mg/dL) for six-step (30 minutes ahead) predictions. Conclusions: The approach presented is able to identify reliable time-varying individualized glucose-insulin models.
Culture Conditions that Support Expansion and Chondrogenesis of Middle-Aged Rat Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Kisiday John D. , Schwartz John A. , Tangtrongsup Suwimol , Goodrich Laurie R. , Grande Daniel A. 
Published: July 2018

Objective Rats are an early preclinical model for cartilage tissue engineering, and a practical species for investigating the effects of aging. However, rats may be a poor aging model for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) based on laboratory reports of a severe decline in chondrogenesis beyond young adulthood. Such testing has not been conducted with MSCs seeded in a scaffold, which can improve the propensity of MSCs to undergo chondrogenesis. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate chondrogenesis of middle-aged rat MSCs encapsulated in agarose. Design MSCs from 14- to 15-month-old rats were expanded, seeded into agarose, and cultured in chondrogenic medium with or without 5% serum for 15 days. Samples were evaluated for cell viability and cartilaginous extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation. Experiments were repeated using MSCs from 6-week-old rats. Results During expansion, middle-aged rat MSCs demonstrated a diminishing proliferation rate that was improved ~2-fold in part by transient exposure to chondrogenic medium. In agarose culture in defined medium, middle-aged rat MSCs accumulated ECM to a much greater extent than negative controls. Serum supplementation improved cell survival ~2-fold, and increased ECM accumulation ~3-fold. Histological analysis indicated that defined medium supported chondrogenesis in a subset of cells, while serum-supplementation increased the frequency of chondrogenic cells. In contrast, young rat MSCs experienced robust chondrogenesis in defined medium that was not improved with serum-supplementation. Conclusions These data demonstrate a previously-unreported propensity of middle-aged rat MSCs to undergo chondrogenesis, and the potential of serum to enhance chondrogenesis of aging MSCs.
Crbn
I391V is sufficient to confer in vivo sensitivity to thalidomide and its derivatives in mice
Authors: Fink Emma C. , McConkey Marie , Adams Dylan N. , Haldar Saurav D. , Kennedy James A. , Guirguis Andrew A. , Udeshi Namrata D. , Mani D. R. , Chen Michelle , Liddicoat Brian , Svinkina Tanya , Nguyen Andrew T. , Carr Steven A. , Ebert Benjamin L. 
Published: July 2018

Key Points
Crbn I391V mice degrade known thalidomide derivative targets and recapitulate thalidomide-induced cytopenias and teratogenicity. Degradation of Ck1α is sufficient to explain the in vivo therapeutic window of lenalidomide in del(5q) myelodysplastic syndrome.
Regulation of the adaptation to ER stress by KLF4 facilitates melanoma cell metastasis via upregulating NUCB2 expression
Authors: Zhang Dongmei , Lin Jingrong , Chao Yulin , Zhang Lu , Jin Lei , Li Na , He Ruiping , Ma Binbin , Zhao Wenzhi , Han Chuanchun 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Background
Adaptation to ER stress has been indicated to play an important role in resistance to therapy in human melanoma. However, the relationship between adaptation to ER stress and cell metastasis in human melanoma remains unclear.

Methods
The relationship of adaptation to ER stress and cell metastasis was investigated using transwell and mouse metastasis assays. The potential molecular mechanism of KLF4 in regulating the adaptation to ER stress and cell metastasis was investigated using RNA sequencing analysis, q-RT-PCR and western blot assays. The transcriptional regulation of nucleobindin 2 (NUCB2) by KLF4 was identified using bioinformatic analysis, luciferase assay, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). The clinical significance of KLF4 and NUCB2 was based on human tissue microarray (TMA) analysis.

Results
Here, we demonstrated that KLF4 was induced by ER stress in melanoma cells, and increased KLF4 inhibited cell apoptosis and promoted cell metastasis. Further mechanistic studies revealed that KLF4 directly bound to the promoter of NUCB2, facilitating its transcription. Additionally, an increase in KLF4 promoted melanoma ER stress resistance, tumour growth and cell metastasis by regulating NCUB2 expression in vitro and in vivo. Elevated KLF4 was found in human melanoma tissues, which was associated with NUCB2 expression.

Conclusion
Our data revealed that the promotion of ER stress resistance via the KLF4-NUCB2 axis is essential for melanoma cell metastasis, and KLF4 may be a promising specific target for melanoma therapy.
Incorrectly fitted footwear, foot pain and foot disorders: a systematic search and narrative review of the literature
Authors: Buldt Andrew K. , Menz Hylton B. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundCorrect footwear fitting is acknowledged as being vitally important, as incorrectly fitted footwear has been linked to foot pathology. The aim of this narrative review was to determine the prevalence of incorrectly fitted footwear and to examine the association between incorrectly fitted footwear, foot pain and foot disorders.MethodsA database search of Ovid MEDLINE and CINAHL yielded 1,681 citations for title and abstract review. Eighteen articles were included. Findings were summarised under the categories of (i) children, (ii) adults, (ii) older people, (iii) people with diabetes and (iii) occupation‐ or activity‐specific footwear. Differences in footwear fitting between sexes were also explored.ResultsBetween 63 and 72% of participants were wearing shoes that did not accommodate either width or length dimensions of their feet. There was also evidence that incorrect footwear fitting was associated with foot pain and foot disorders such as lesser toe deformity, corns and calluses. Specific participant groups, such as children with Down syndrome and older people and people with diabetes were more likely to wear shoes that were too narrow (between 46 and 81%).ConclusionA large proportion of the population wear incorrectly sized footwear, which is associated with foot pain and foot disorders. Greater emphasis should be placed on both footwear fitting education and the provision of an appropriately large selection of shoes that can accommodate the variation in foot morphology among the population, particularly in relation to foot width.
Molecular characterization of extended spectrum β -lactamases enterobacteriaceae causing lower urinary tract infection among pediatric population
Authors: Eltai Nahla O. , Al Thani Asmaa A. , Al-Ansari Khalid , Deshmukh Anand S. , Wehedy Eman , Al-Hadidi Sara H. , Yassine Hadi M. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Background
The β-lactam antibiotics have traditionally been the main treatment of Enterobacteriaceae infections, nonetheless, the emergence of species producing β- Lactamases has rendered this class of antibiotics largely ineffective. There are no published data on etiology of urinary tract infections (UTI) and antimicrobial resistance profile of uropathogens among children in Qatar. The aim of this study is to determine the phenotypic and genotypic profiles of antimicrobial resistant Enterobacteriaceae among children with UTI in Qatar.

Methods
Bacteria were isolated from 727 urine positive cultures, collected from children with UTI between February and June 2017 at the Pediatric Emergency Center, Doha, Qatar. Isolated bacteria were tested for antibiotic susceptibility against sixteen clinically relevant antibiotics using phoenix and Double Disc Synergy Test (DDST) for confirmation of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production. Existence of genes encoding ESBL production were identified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Statistical analysis was done using non-parametric Kappa statistics, Pearson chi-square test and Jacquard’s coefficient.

Results
201 (31.7%) of samples were confirmed as Extended Spectrum β -Lactamases (ESBL) Producing Enterobacteriaceae. The most dominant pathogen was E. coli 166 (83%) followed by K. pneumoniae 22 (11%). Resistance was mostly encoded by bla CTX-M (59%) genes, primarily bla CTX-MG1 (89.2%) followed by bla CTX-MG9 (7.7%). 37% of isolated bacteria were harboring multiple bla genes (2 genes or more). E. coli isolates were categorized into 11 clusters, while K. pneoumoniae were grouped into five clonal clusters according to the presence and absence of seven genes namely bla TEM, bla SHV, bla CTX-MG1, bla CTX-MG2, bla CTX-MG8 bla CTX-MG9,bla CTX-MG25.

Conclusions
Our data indicates an escalated problem of ESBL in pediatrics with UTI, which mandates implementation of regulatory programs to reduce the spread of ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae in the community. The use of cephalosporins, aminoglycosides (gentamicin) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole is compromised in Qatar among pediatric population with UTI, leaving carbapenems and amikacin as the therapeutic option for severe infections caused by ESBL producers.
Intra-hospital differences in antibiotic use correlate with antimicrobial resistance rate in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Cusini Alexia , Herren David , Bütikofer Lukas , Plüss-Suard Catherine , Kronenberg Andreas , Marschall Jonas 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Background
Monitoring antimicrobial use and resistance in hospitals are important tools of antimicrobial stewardship programs. We aimed to determine the association between the use of frequently prescribed antibiotics and the corresponding resistance rates in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae among the clinical departments of a tertiary care hospital.

Methods
We performed a retrospective observational study to analyse the use of nine frequently prescribed antibiotics and the corresponding antimicrobial resistance rates in hospital acquired E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates from 18 departments of our institution over 9 years (2008–2016). The main cross-sectional analysis assessed the hypothetical influence of antibiotic consumption on resistance by mixed logistic regression models.

Results
We found an association between antibiotic use and resistance rates in E. coli for amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (OR per each step of 5 defined daily dose/100 bed-days 1.07, 95% CI 1.02–1.12; p = 0.004), piperacillin-tazobactam (OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.45–3.07; p < 0.001), quinolones (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.25–1.86; p < 0.001) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.19–2.13; p = 0.002). Additionally, we found a significant association when all nine antibiotics were combined in one analysis. The association between consumption and resistance rates was stronger for nosocomial than for community strains. In K. pneumoniae, we found an association for amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.01–1.14; p = 0.025) and for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.44–2.84; p < 0.001). The combined analysis did not show an association between consumption and resistance (OR 1.06, 95% CI 0.99–1.14; p = 0.07).

Conclusions
We documented an association between antibiotic use and resistance rate for amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, piperacillin-tazobactam, quinolones and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in E. coli and for amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in K. pneumoniae across different hospital departments. Our data will support stewardship interventions to optimize antibiotic prescribing at a department level.
Cytokines, breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) and chemoresistance
Authors: Chen Weilong , Qin Yuanyuan , Liu Suling 
Published: July 2018

AbstractChemotherapy resistance of breast cancer poses a great challenge to the survival of patients. During breast cancer treatment, the development of intrinsic and acquired drug resistance tends to further induce adverse prognosis, such as metastasis. In recent years, the progress of research on cytokine‐modulated tumor microenvironment and breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) has shed light on defining the mechanisms of drug resistance gradually. In this review, we have discussed cytokine regulation on breast cancer chemoresistance. Cytokines can affect tumor cell behavior or reprogram tumor niche through specific signaling pathways, thereby regulating the progress of drug resistance. In addition, we summarized the mutually regulatory networks between cytokines and BCSCs in mediating chemoresistance. Cytokines in the tumor microenvironment can regulate the self‐renewal and survival of BCSCs in a variety of ways, sequentially promoting chemotherapeutic resistance. Therefore, the combinational treatment of BCSC targeting and cytokine blockade may have a positive effect on the clinical treatment of breast cancer.
Mass spectrometry identification of the liquor contained in the plum vase excavated from Jurou Li’s Grave of the Jin Dynasty (1115–1234 CE) in Xi’an, Shannxi, China
Authors: Zhu Zhanyun , Yu Chunlei , Miao Yifei , Lu Zhiyong , Yang Junchang 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
In order to accurately identify the ancient liquid contained in the plum vase excavated from Jurou Li’s Grave of the Jin Dynasty (1115–1234 CE) in Xi’an, mass spectrometry was applied to determine the amino acid sequences of the residual proteins extracted from the liquid sample. The sequences were searched against a standard protein sequence database. The proteins extracted was identified as glycosyltransferase from Sorghum bicolor, calcium-dependent protein kinase 2 from Wickerhamomyces ciferrii, and cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit Rieske from Nadsonia fulvescens. These findings indicate that the extremely degraded liquid in the plum vase was made from the cereal of sorghum by alcoholic fermentation of Wickerhamomyces ciferrii and Nadsonia fulvescens, providing direct evidence for liquor in the Jin Dynasty.
First‐generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy in 106 patients with compound EGFR‐mutated lung cancer: a single institution's clinical practice experience
Authors: Yu Xiangyang , Zhang Xuewen , Zhang Zichen , Lin Yongbin , Wen Yingsheng , Chen Yongqiang , Wang Weidong , Zhang Lanjun 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe antitumour efficacy of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in lung cancer patients with compound epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations has not been resolved. Our study summarizes a single institutional experience of first‐generation TKI therapy for lung cancers with compound EGFR mutations.MethodsA total of 106 consecutive patients with tumours bearing compound EGFR mutations were identified between January 2012 and May 2016; all patients received first‐generation TKI therapy. Deletions in exon 19 and the L858R point mutation in exon 21 were considered common mutations; T790M was considered separately because of its association with TKIs resistances. Any other mutation was defined as a rare mutation. Patients were divided as follows: double common mutations (group A); common plus T790M mutations (group B); common plus rare mutations (group C); double rare mutations (group D); and rare plus T790M mutations (group E). A separate group of 115 consecutive patients with a single common mutation was created for comparative analysis (group F).ResultsThe frequency of patients with compound EGFR was 2.9% (114/3925) and their response rate to first‐generation TKIs was 50.9%, which was not significantly different from group F (67.0%, P = 0.088). The progression‐free survival (PFS) of the 106 patients receiving TKI therapy was worse than that of group F (median, 9.1 vs. 13.0 months, respectively; P < 0.001). The PFS of the compound mutation group was shorter than that of the single common mutation group (median, 10.1 months in group A, P = 0.240; 9.1 months in group B, P < 0.001; 9.6 months in group C, P = 0.010; 6.5 months in group D, P = 0.048; 5.4 months in group E, P = 0.017). Patients with a co‐occurring mutation in exon 20 (excluding T790M) exhibited significantly worse PFS than the patients with other compound mutations or with a single common mutation (median, 6.5 vs. 9.1 vs. 13.0 months, respectively, P = 0.002).ConclusionsThere was significant heterogeneity among the compound EGFR mutations and their response to first‐generation TKIs. Individualized treatment in clinical practice should be considered for each case.
Speech Aggression As a Communicative Phenomenon: Aspect of Linguistics And Axiology
Authors: Гончарова Любовь , Goncharova Lyubov 
Published: July 2018

The article examines the reasons for the changes in communication in the modern society, as well as the areas where speech aggression is particularly pronounced. Speech aggression is seen as a communicative
phenomenon in the aspect of linguistics and axiology - in terms of norms, ethical, moral and cultural values. There is a paradox that in the modern world, speech aggression often becomes a stimulus for establishing and
continuing a communicative contact..
Immediate dentures part 1: assessment and treatment planning
Authors: Jogezai Ursala , Laverty Dominic , Walmsley A Damien 
Published: July 2018

Abstract: This two part review article aims to provide a comprehensive summary on immediate dentures. In the first part, after a brief introduction, the advantages and disadvantages of immediate dentures are compared. There is a detailed discussion on assessment and treatment planning which includes history-taking, examination of the soft and hard tissues, current prostheses, occlusion, as well as discussion on investigations required and formulating a diagnosis. The first part ends with a summary of types of immediate dentures and denture designs. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Immediate dentures are commonly used to provide patients with tooth replacement immediately following extractions in order to maintain aesthetics and function. Therefore, they are an integral part of a dentist's armamentarium.
Management of infra-occluded primary molars
Authors: Attwall Roshanak , Parker Kate , Gill Daljit S 
Published: July 2018

Abstract: This article reviews the aetiology, diagnosis and management of infra-occluded primary molars. The different treatment options are detailed as well as the differences in the management of patients depending on their age, the severity of the infra-occlusion and whether the permanent successor is present or absent. CPD/Clinical Relevance: The ability to identify and diagnose infra-occluded primary molars is crucially important for their subsequent management. Knowledge of the different treatment options and their relevance in different clinical situations is important for all dental healthcare professionals.