bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of Fractional‐Order Backstepping Sliding Mode Control for Quadrotor UAV
Authors: Shi Xiaoyu , Cheng Yuhua , Yin Chun , Dadras Sara , Huang Xuegang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis paper derives a nonlinear translational and rotational dynamic model of the quadrotor UAV. An original fractional‐order backstepping sliding mode control method for a typical quadrotor UAV is presented. The new approach can decrease the chattering phenomenon and increase the robustness of control strategy. The strongly coupled characteristics of the under‐actuated system are sought by the virtual controllers. The feasibility for different track trajectories are verified using MATLAB. The new control method can not only track the expected trajectory very well but also has a better robustness for different complex trajectory under disturbances, as the simulation results demonstrate.
A Robust Control Scheme Based on Sliding Mode Observer to Drive a Knee‐Exoskeleton
Authors: Mefoued Saber , Belkhiat Djamel Eddine Chouaib 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this paper, a robust control scheme to drive a knee‐exoskeleton has been designed to assist people with limited knee movement. Dynamic modeling and parameter identification of the “subject's lower limb‐exoskeleton” has been performed and a sliding mode observer (SMO) developed and integrated in the system's closed loop to provide velocity. Lyapunov's theory allows demonstration of the stability of the system. Experimental tests have been performed with the aid of five voluntary subjects, in sitting position, and during flexion/extension of the knee joint. The performance of the proposed control scheme is compared with those obtained using the classical proportional integrator derivative (PID) controller. These tests track the desired position and velocity trajectories with small tracking errors and evaluate the system's stability and system's robustness against the subject's parameters, variations, and external disturbances.
Antioxidant and reactive oxygen species scavenging properties of cellular albumin in HepG2 cells is mediated by the glutathione redox system
Authors: Seidkhani‐Nahal Ali , Allameh Abdolamir , Soleimani Masoud 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis study was carried out to examine the role of intracellular albumin in the modulation of oxidative damage induced by glutathione modifiers in HepG2 cells. Also, the relationship of albumin synthesis with oxidative stress factors including antioxidants was studied. HepG2 cell culture was supplemented with glutathione modifiers; L‐Buthionine‐sulfoximine (BSO; 0.1 and 1.0 mM) or N‐acetyl cysteine (NAC; 1 and 10 mM) and the cell viability and changes in reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), reactive oxygen species (ROS), catalase, and superoxide dismutase were measured. Besides, albumin expression at protein and mRNA levels was determined in cells pretreated with BSO or NAC. Kinetic studies showed that albumin expression in HepG2 cells is correlated with GSH and GSSG levels. Changes in albumin expression at protein and mRNA levels reached their maximum (19% and 55%, respectively) in the cells 6 H after NAC treatments. A substantial decrease in intracellular albumin due to BSO (27%) was associated with a significant increase in the generation of cellular ROS (17%). In contrast, increased albumin synthesis (intracellular and secretory) was associated with inhibition in cellular ROS. Overall data may suggest that albumin expression in coordination with the glutathione redox system is part of the antioxidant defense mechanism in liver cells.
Understanding the participation of GREM1 polymorphisms in nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in the Brazilian population
Authors: Viena Camila Sane , Machado Renato Assis , Persuhn Darlene Camati , Martelli‐Júnior Hercílio , Medrado Alena Peixoto , Coletta Ricardo D. , Reis Silvia R. A. 
Published: November 2018

Background
GREM1, which encodes Gremlin 1, an antagonist of bone morphogenic proteins with effects on proliferation and apoptosis, has been considered a candidate gene for nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL±P). In this study, we investigated potential associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in GREM1 and NSCL±P risk in the Brazilian population. Additionally, SNP‐SNP interactions of GREM1 with previously reported rs1880646 variant in NTN1 (netrin 1), a gene also responsible for apoptotic phenotypes were verified.MethodsApplying Taqman allelic discrimination assays, we evaluated the variants rs16969681, rs16969816, rs16969862, and rs1258763 in 325 case‐parent trios and in 1,588 isolated samples in a case‐control study. Allelic and genotypic analyses, as well as interaction tests assessing gene‐environmental factor (GxE) and SNP‐SNP interaction with rs1880646 variant in NTN1, were performed based on logistic regression analysis adjusted for the effects of gender and genomic ancestry proportions.ResultsThe risk alleles of all SNP were undertransmitted in NSCL±P trios, though the case‐control analysis confirmed only the association with rs16969862 alleles (OR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.63–0.96, p = .02). The GxE interaction analysis revealed a significant interaction between maternal environmental contact with agrotoxics and rs16969816 (OR: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.08–0.74, p = .01), and pairwise interaction test with NTN1 rs1880646 yielded significant p values in the 1,000 permutation test for rs16969681, rs16969816, and rs16969862.ConclusionThe GREM1 is involved in the etiology of NSCL±P in the Brazilian population and reveal that the interaction between GREM1 and NTN1 may be related with the pathogenesis of this common craniofacial malformation.
An evaluation of the single‐session interview‐informed synthesized contingency analysis
Authors: Jessel Joshua , Hanley Gregory P. , Ghaemmaghami Mahshid , Metras Rachel 
Published: November 2018

Functional analysis can often be a lengthy process requiring time and resources not readily available to practitioners working with children who exhibit severe problem behavior. The interview‐informed synthesized contingency analysis (IISCA) was recently developed as an alternative functional analysis format that improved analytic efficiency by requiring only 25 min to conduct. Furthermore, a within‐session analysis of the first test session of the entire IISCA could reduce the process to as little as a single 5‐min session. We extended this previous research by conducting what was termed the single‐session IISCA with three boys who exhibited severe problem behavior. A function‐based treatment package, including reinforcement thinning, informed by the results of the single‐session IISCA nearly eliminated problem behavior for all three participants. We suggest that the single‐session IISCA could be a viable alternative to other functional analysis formats when time is limited.
Photophysics and photodynamics of Pyronin Y in n‐alcohols
Authors: Beşer Burcu Meryem , Onganer Yavuz , Arik Mustafa 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe photophysical properties and photodynamics of Pyronin Y (PyY) dye compound in seven polar protic solvents (n‐alcohols) were examined as a function of temperature by using UV–visible, steady‐state and time‐resolved fluorescence spectroscopy techniques. To understand dye–solvent interactions, photophysical parameters including Stokes’ shifts, fluorescence quantum yields and fluorescence lifetimes were determined. To examine the effect of solvent polarity, the difference between the ground state dipole moment and the excited state dipole moment was determined. For this purpose, the multiple regression analysis and the Kamlet–Taft technique were used. Moreover, photodynamic parameters, rotational relaxation times and steady‐state anisotropy were calculated. The result showed that the specific interactions of PyY with the solvent molecules take place through hydrogen bonding. As the hydrocarbon chain of the alcohols gets longer, photophysical parameters diminish, probably because of weaker hydrogen bonding. Furthermore, it was found out that the dipole moment of excited states (μe) is higher than that of the ground state (μg). In addition, Brownian motions increased with the increasing temperature that weakened the fluorescence character of PyY. It was also revealed that the rotation of PyY increased with a prolonged hydrocarbon chain of alcohol series, due to the lesser extent of hydrogen bonding.
Dissipation behavior of chlorpyrifos residues and risk assessment in sugarcane fields
Authors: Wang Haiping , Zheng Liguo , Yu Wanting , Cao Xiaomin , Yang Renbin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAs chlorpyrifos is used globally to control pests in sugarcane fields, analysis of its residues on food crops is essential to assess product safety for humans. In this study, chlorpyrifos content in sugarcane plants, soil and juice was determined using a gas chromatography with an electron capture detector. The limit of quantification was 0.01 mg/kg for plant and soil, and 0.01 mg/L for juice. The degradation and residual risk in sugarcane fields after applying chlorpyrifos to two sample sites (Changsha and Danzhou, China) were assessed. Chlorpyrifos concentrations in plants and soil decreased rapidly over time, reaching a degradation rate ranging from 98.82 to 99.25% on day 35. The half‐life of chlorpyrifos in both plants and soil was only 5.97–6.12 days. Regardless of application dosage (standard or high) at a pre‐harvest interval of 60 days, chlorpyrifos was undetectable in the harvested sugarcane. Risk assessment indicated that chlorpyrifos residue in sugarcane did not pose a health risk to humans.
National Cancer Database report of nonmetastatic esophageal small cell carcinoma
Authors: Verma Vivek , Sleightholm Richard L. , Fang Penny , Ryckman Jeffrey M. , Lin Chi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundEsophageal small cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a rare malignancy for which there is no consensus management approach. This is the largest known analysis of nonmetastatic ESCC patients to date, evaluating national practice patterns and outcomes of surgical‐based therapy vs chemoradiotherapy (CRT) vs chemotherapy alone.MethodsThe National Cancer Data Base was queried for esophageal cancer patients with histologically confirmed nonmetastatic ESCC. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression ascertained factors associated with receipt of surgical‐based management. Kaplan‐Meier analysis evaluated overall survival (OS) and the log‐rank test is used to compare OS between groups; Cox univariate and multivariate analyses determined variables associated with OS.ResultsAltogether, 323 patients were analyzed; 64 (20%) patients underwent surgical‐based therapy, 211 (65%) CRT, and 48 (15%) chemotherapy alone. On multivariable analysis, no single factor significantly predicted for administration of surgery. Despite no OS differences between the surgery‐based (median OS 21 months) and CRT arms (18 months), both were superior to CT alone (10 months) (P < 0.001). Among other factors, receiving any local therapy independently predicted for higher OS over chemotherapy alone on Cox multivariate analysis (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThis study of a large, contemporary national database demonstrates that most ESCC is treated with CRT in the United States; adding local therapy to systemic therapy may be beneficial to these patients, although individualized multidisciplinary management is still recommended.
Lactate dehydrogenase A: A key player in carcinogenesis and potential target in cancer therapy
Authors: Feng Yangbo , Xiong Yanlu , Qiao Tianyun , Li Xiaofei , Jia Lintao , Han Yong 
Published: November 2018

AbstractElevated glycolysis remains a universal and primary character of cancer metabolism, which deeply depends on dysregulated metabolic enzymes. Lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) facilitates glycolytic process by converting pyruvate to lactate. Numerous researches demonstrate LDHA has an aberrantly high expression in multiple cancers, which is associated with malignant progression. In this review, we summarized LDHA function in cancer research. First, we gave an introduction of structure, location, and basic function of LDHA. Following, we discussed the transcription and activation mode of LDHA. Further, we focused on the function of LDHA in cancer bio‐characteristics. Later, we discussed the clinical practice of LDHA in cancer prevention and treatment. What we discussed gives a precise insight into LDHA especially in cancer research, which will contribute to exploring cancer pathogenesis and its handling measures.
Lewis Acid Catalysis of Nb2O5 for Reactions of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives in the Presence of Basic Inhibitors
Authors: Siddiki S. M. A. Hakim , Rashed Md. Nurnobi , Ali Md. Ayub , Toyao Takashi , Hirunsit Pussana , Ehara Masahiro , Shimizu Ken‐ichi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis review focuses on catalytic applications of niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5) and niobic acid (Nb2O5 ⋅ nH2O). These materials serve as heterogeneous acid catalysts that show excellent activity and selectivity for various types of reactions including hydrations, dehydrations, and oxidations. Most recently, they have been used for dehydration reactions of polyols and nucleophilic substitution reactions of carboxylic acid derivatives. A special focus is placed on the latter reactions, where superficial Nb5+ cations act as Lewis‐acidic sites that activate oxygen‐containing functional groups of substrates even in the presence of basic inhibitors such as water or amines. This unique behavior of Nb‐oxide‐based catalysts is a consequence of their Lewis acidity, which is characterized by their ability to simultaneously activate C=O bonds but not to engage in strong competitive adsorption of base molecules. Both experimental and theoretical investigations are presented in order to assess the characteristic features of the Nb‐oxide‐based catalysts together with their structural features.
Tungsten Catalyst Incorporating a Well‐Defined Tetracoordinated Aluminum Surface Ligand for Selective Metathesis of Propane, [(≡Si−O−Si≡)(≡Si−O−)2Al−O−W(≡CtBu) (H)2]
Authors: Werghi Baraa , Bendjeriou‐Sedjerari Anissa , Jedidi Abdesslem , Morlanes Natalia , Abou‐Hamad Edy , Bhatte Kushal , Guan Erjia , Ma Tao , Aguilar‐Tapia Antonio , Ould‐Chikh Samy , Cavallo Luigi , Gates Bruce C. , Basset Jean‐Marie 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA well‐defined aluminium‐bound hydroxyl group on the surface of mesoporous SBA‐15, [(≡Si−O−Si≡) (≡Si−O)2 Al−OH], 3 was obtained by reacting di‐isopropyl aluminium hydride with SBA‐15 treated at 700 °C. The resulting surface [(≡Si−O−Si≡) (≡Si−O) 2 Al (isobutyl) fragment undergoes β‐H elimination at 400 °C leading to [(≡Si−O−Si≡)(≡Si−O−)2Al−O) Al−H]. Further oxidation of this Al‐hydride with N2O leads to 3. This acidic support was used to create a well‐defined surface organo‐tungsten fragment [(≡Si−O−Si≡)(≡Si−O−)2Al−O−W(≡CtBu)(CH2tBu)2] by reacting 3 with W(≡C‐tBu)(CH2‐tBu)3. A further reaction with hydrogen under mild conditions afforded the tungsten carbyne bis‐hydride [(≡Si−O−Si≡)(≡Si−O−)2Al−O−W(H)2(≡C‐tBu)]. The performance of each of the W‐supported catalysts was assessed for propane metathesis in a flow reactor at 150 °C. [(≡Si−O−Si≡)(≡Si−O−)2 Al−O−W(≡CtBu)(H)2] was found to be a single‐site catalyst, giving the highest turnover number (TON=800) and the highest reported selectivity for butane (45 %) vs. ethane (32 %) known for oxide‐supported tungsten complex catalysts (with the supports being silica, silica‐alumina, and alumina). The results demonstrate that modification of the oxide ligands on silica via the creation of Al Lewis acid center as an anchoring site for organometallic complexes opens up new catalytic properties, markedly enhancing the catalytic performance of supported organo‐tungsten species.
Comparison of Oil‐in‐Water Emulsion between Ultrasonic Irradiation and Mechanical Stirring
Authors: Sumitomo Syunsuke , Ueta Miharu , Uddin M. Azhar , Kato Yoshiei 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTo compare oil‐in‐water emulsification behaviors between ultrasonic irradiation and impeller stirring, experiments and calculation by mathematical models were performed. For ultrasonic irradiation, the peak diameter of dispersed oil droplets decreased with an increase in input power and reductions in ultrasonic frequency, ratio of dispersed volume, and interfacial tension. For mechanical stirring, it declined with higher mechanical rotation speed. The results calculated by the mathematical models approximately agreed with the experiments. Ultrasonic irradiation was better than mechanical stirring by an impeller for producing a fine emulsion at higher supplied energy rate into liquid, whereas the tendency was inverse for a rough emulsion at lower input energy rate.
Development of a Split Bipolar Electrode System for Electrochemical Fluorination of Triphenylmethane
Authors: Miyamoto Kazuhiro , Nishiyama Hiroki , Tomita Ikuyoshi , Inagi Shinsuke 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTo overcome the problem of electrochemical fluorination methods using a large amount of supporting electrolytes and fluorine sources, we employed a split bipolar electrode (s‐BPE) system, in which electrode reactions occur in a low concentration of supporting electrolyte and electricity is monitored. We optimized the electrochemical parameters for the s‐BPE system using a U‐shaped electrochemical cell and investigated the electrochemical fluorination of triphenylmethane as a model substrate in the presence of potassium fluoride (KF) or cesium fluoride (CsF) as a supporting electrolyte and a fluorine source dissolved by the help of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) additive. The fluorination of triphenylphoshine was also examined under the optimized conditions.
Spectroscopic Determination of the Electronic Structure of a Uranium Single‐Ion Magnet
Authors: Coutinho Joana T. , Perfetti Mauro , Baldoví José J. , Antunes Maria A. , Hallmen Philipp P. , Bamberger Heiko , Crassee Iris , Orlita Milan , Almeida Manuel , van Slageren Joris , Pereira Laura C. J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEarly actinide ions have large spin‐orbit couplings and crystal field interactions, leading to large anisotropies. The success in using actinides as single‐molecule magnets has so far been modest, underlining the need for rational strategies. Indeed, the electronic structure of actinide single‐molecule magnets and its relation to their magnetic properties remains largely unexplored. A uranium(III) single‐molecule magnet, [UIII{SiMe2NPh}3‐tacn)(OPPh3)] (tacn=1,4,7‐triazacyclononane), has been investigated by means of a combination of magnetic, spectroscopic and theoretical methods to elucidate the origin of its static and dynamic magnetic properties.
Enantioselective C2‐Alkylation of Indoles through a Redox‐Relay Heck Reaction of 2‐Indole Triflates
Authors: Race Nicholas J. , Yuan Qianjia , Sigman Matthew S. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA palladium‐catalyzed enantioselective redox‐relay Heck reaction of 2‐indole triflates and disubstituted alkenes is reported. This process combines readily available indole triflates with a variety of alkenes to afford a range of indole derivatives bearing a stereocenter adjacent to C2. Enantioselectivity is achieved through use of a simple pyridine‐oxazoline ligand. Tuning the electronics of the indole, through judicious choice of N‐protecting group, is required to ensure selective β‐hydride elimination away from the indole core. Utility of this method is highlighted in a modular formal synthesis of an S1P1 agonist precursor developed by Merck.
Transition‐Metal‐Free Three‐Component Radical 1,2‐Amidoalkynylation of Unactivated Alkenes
Authors: Jiang Heng , Studer Armido 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA transition‐metal‐free radical 1,2‐amidoalkynylation of unactivated alkenes is presented. α‐Amido‐oxy acids were used as amidyl radical precursors, which were oxidized by an organic photoredox catalyst (4CzlPN). The electrophilic N‐radicals chemoselectively reacted with various aliphatic alkenes and the adduct radicals were then trapped by ethynylbenziodoxolone (EBX) reagents to eventually provide the amidoalkynylation products. These transformations, which were conducted under practical and mild conditions, showed high functional group tolerance and broad substrate scope. Mechanistic studies supported the radical nature of these cascades.
Crystallization at ACHEMA 2018
Authors: Temmel Erik , Eicke Matthias Johannes 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDie zunehmende Digitalisierung eröffnet spannende Möglichkeiten neuartige Prozesse zu realisieren, aber auch alte Prozesse wie die Kristallisation noch besser zu verstehen und damit effizienter zu betreiben. Eine notwendige Voraussetzung sind geeignete Messmethoden. Dazu zählen zum einen die Überwachung von Prozessströmen sowie die Verfolgung der Triebkräfte, aber auch Möglichkeiten, die Zusammensetzung verschiedener Phasen zu bestimmen. Auf einige Methoden, die maßgeblich zum besseren Prozessverständnis beitragen, wird in diesem Beitrag eingegangen. Zudem werden neue Entwicklungen aus den Bereichen Miniaturisierung und kontinuierliche Fahrweisen sowie ein innovatives Verfahren zur quasi‐kontinuierlichen Filtration und Trocknung kristallinen Materials vorgestellt.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Polyaminocarboxylate Ligand‐Based Theranostic Conjugates for Antibody‐Targeted Cancer Therapy and Near‐Infrared Optical Imaging
Authors: Ren Siyuan , Sun Xiang , Wang Haixing , Nguyen Trung Hai , Sadeghipour Negar , Xu Xiaochun , Kang Chi Soo , Liu Yujie , Xu Hua , Wu Ningjie , Chen Yanda , Tichauer Kenneth , Minh David D. L. , Chong Hyun‐Soon 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe report the design, synthesis, and evaluation of polyaminocarboxylate ligand‐based antibody conjugates for potential application in targeted cancer therapy and near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging. We synthesized a new polyaminocarboxylate chelate (CAB‐NE3TA) as a potential anticancer agent. CAB‐NE3TA displayed potent inhibitory activities against various cancer cell lines. We then designed a multifunctional theranostic platform (CAB‐NE3TA‐PAN‐IR800) constructed on an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐targeted antibody (panitumumab, PAN) labeled with a NIR fluorescent dye. We also built the first atomistic model of the EGFR–PAN complex and loaded it with the cytotoxic CAB‐NE3TA and the NIR dye. The therapeutic (CAB‐NE3TA‐PAN) and theranostic (CAB‐NE3TA‐PAN‐IR800) conjugates were evaluated using an EGFR‐positive A431 (human skin cancer) cell xenograft mouse model. Biodistribution studies using NIR fluorescence imaging demonstrated that the CAB‐NE3TA‐PAN labeled with the IR800 dye selectively targeted the A431 tumors in mice and resulted in prolonged retention in the tumor tissue and displayed excellent clearance in blood and normal organs. The therapeutic conjugate was capable of significantly inhibiting tumor growth, leading to nearly complete disappearance of tumors in the mice. The results of our pilot in vivo studies support further evaluation of the novel ligand‐based therapeutic and theranostic conjugates for targeted iron chelation cancer therapy and imaging applications.