bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Azole resistance among clinical isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus in Lima-Peru
Authors: Bustamante Beatriz , Illescas Luis Ricardo , Posadas Andrés , Campos Pablo E 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAzole resistance among Aspergillus fumigatus isolates, which is mainly related to mutations in the cyp51A gene, is a concern because it is rising, worldwide disseminated, and associated with treatment failure and death. Data on azole resistance of aspergillus from Latin American countries is very scarce and do not exist for Peru. Two hundred and seven Aspergillus clinical isolates collected prospectively underwent mycology and molecular testing for specie identification, and 143 isolates were confirmed as A. fumigatus sensu stricto (AFSS). All AFSS were tested for in vitro azole susceptibility, and resistant isolates underwent PCR amplification and sequencing of the whole cyp51A gene and its promoter. The in vitro susceptibility showed a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) range, MIC50 and MIC90 of 0.125 to &gt;16, 0.25, and 0.5 μg/ml for itraconazole; 0.25 to 2, 0.5, and 0.5 μg/ml for voriconazole; and 0.003 to 1, 0.06, and 0.125 μg/ml for posaconazole. Three isolates (2%) showed resistance to itraconazole and exhibited different mutations of the cyp51A gene. One isolate harbored the mutation M220K, while a second one exhibited the G54 mutation plus a modification in the cyp51A gene promoter. The third isolate, from an azole naive patient, presented an integration of a 34-bp tandem repeat (TR34) in the promoter region of the gene and a substitution of leucine 98 by histidine (L98H). The three source patients had a diagnosis or suspicion of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis.
The host galaxy of GRB 980425/SN1998bw: a collisional ring galaxy
Authors: Arabsalmani M , Roychowdhury S , Starkenburg T K , Christensen L , Le Floc’h E , Kanekar N , Bournaud F , Zwaan M A , Fynbo J P U , Møller P , Pian E 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
We report Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT), Very Large Telescope (VLT), and Spitzer Space Telescope observations of ESO 184−G82, the host galaxy of GRB 980425/SN 1998bw, that yield evidence of a companion dwarf galaxy at a projected distance of 13 kpc. The companion, hereafter GALJ193510-524947, is a gas-rich, star-forming galaxy with a star formation rate of $\rm 0.004\, M_{\odot }\, yr^{-1}$, a gas mass of $10^{7.1\pm 0.1} \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot}$, and a stellar mass of $10^{7.0\pm 0.3} \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot}$. The interaction between ESO 184−G82 and GALJ193510-524947 is evident from the extended gaseous structure between the two galaxies in the GMRT H i 21 cm map. We find a ring of high column density H i gas, passing through the actively star-forming regions of ESO 184−G82 and the GRB location. This ring lends support to the picture in which ESO 184−G82 is interacting with GALJ193510-524947. The massive stars in GALJ193510-524947 have similar ages to those in star-forming regions in ESO 184−G82, also suggesting that the interaction may have triggered star formation in both galaxies. The gas and star formation properties of ESO 184−G82 favour a head-on collision with GALJ193510-524947 rather than a classical tidal interaction. We perform state-of-the-art simulations of dwarf–dwarf mergers and confirm that the observed properties of ESO 184−G82 can be reproduced by collision with a small companion galaxy. This is a very clear case of interaction in a gamma-ray burst host galaxy and of interaction-driven star formation giving rise to a gamma-ray burst in a dense environment.
A distance of 13 Mpc resolves the claimed anomalies of the galaxy lacking dark matter
Authors: Trujillo Ignacio , Beasley Michael A , Borlaff Alejandro , Carrasco Eleazar R , Di Cintio Arianna , Filho Mercedes , Monelli Matteo , Montes Mireia , Román Javier , Ruiz-Lara Tomás , Sánchez Almeida Jorge , Valls-Gabaud David , Vazdekis Alexandre 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The claimed detection of a diffuse galaxy lacking dark matter represents a possible challenge to our understanding of the properties of these galaxies and galaxy formation in general. The galaxy, already identified in photographic plates taken in the summer of 1976 at the UK 48-in Schmidt telescope, presents normal distance-independent properties (e.g. colour, velocity dispersion of its globular clusters). However, distance-dependent quantities are at odds with those of other similar galaxies, namely the luminosity function and sizes of its globular clusters, mass-to-light ratio, and dark matter content. Here we carry out a careful analysis of all extant data and show that they consistently indicate a much shorter distance (13 Mpc) than previously indicated (20 Mpc). With this revised distance, the galaxy appears to be a rather ordinary low surface brightness galaxy (Re = 1.4 ± 0.1 kpc; M⋆ = 6.0 ± 3.6 × 107 M⊙) with plenty of room for dark matter (the fraction of dark matter inside the half-mass radius is &gt;75 per cent and Mhalo/M⋆&gt;20) corresponding to a minimum halo mass &gt;109 M⊙. At 13 Mpc, the luminosity and structural properties of the globular clusters around the object are the same as those found in other galaxies.
Overcoming Daunting Challenges of Clipping of Paraclinoid Carotid-Ophthalmic and Superior Hypophyseal Artery Aneurysms: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Nagm Alhusain , Horiuchi Tetsuyoshi , Hongo Kazuhiro 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This surgical video emphasizes the nuances that needed to overcome daunting challenges of clipping of paraclinoid carotidophthalmic and superior hypophyseal artery (SHA) aneurysms. To avoid hazardous manipulations, scarifying the ipsilateral SHA under visual evoked potential (VEP) guidance can be done without risk of postoperative visual decline. This technique is associated with better visual outcome.
1
A 66-yr-old woman presented with gradually enlarging right paraclinoid carotidophthalmic and SHA aneurysms. The relationship between those aneurysms and the critical neurovascular structures made us facing a daunting challenge to preserve the visual function. To preserve the patency of the ophthalmic artery (oph.A), endovascular intervention was abandoned and a direct clipping surgery was selected.
Following VEP settings, exposure of the cervical internal carotid artery for proximal control and right frontotemporal craniotomy, a subfrontal approach was used. To get adequate accessibility and safe maneuverability, the anterior clinoidectomy and unroofing of the optic canal were completed, then, the falciform ligament and the distal dural ring were carefully opened. Under VEP guidance, the oph.A and SHAs were temporarily occluded. VEP had been stable under repeated occlusions. The carotidophthalmic aneurysm was clipped with preservation of the oph.A. Besides, 1 ipsilateral SHA was sacrificed to achieve complete clipping of the SHA aneurysm. Final indocyanine green videoangiography confirmed obliteration of the paraclinoid aneurysms and patency of the oph.A, the other SHA and the tiny arterioles around the optic nerve. The postoperative course was uneventful. There was no evidence of postoperative visual disturbances.
The patient has consented to the submission of the case report to the journal.
Predictors of Clinical Reasoning Using the Reasoning 4 Change Instrument With Physical Therapist Students
Authors: Elvén Maria , Hochwälder Jacek , Dean Elizabeth , Söderlund Anne 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Although physical therapist students must be well prepared to integrate biopsychosocial and behavioral perspectives into their clinical reasoning, there is a lack of knowledge regarding factors that influence such competence.

Objective
This study explored the associations among the independent variables—knowledge, cognition, metacognition, psychological factors, contextual factors, and curriculum orientation vis-à-vis behavioral medicine competencies—and the dependent variables—outcomes of input from client (IC), functional behavioral analysis (FBA), and strategies for behavior change (SBC) as levels in physical therapist students’ clinical reasoning processes.

Design
This study used an exploratory cross-sectional design.

Methods
The Reasoning 4 Change instrument was completed by 151 final-semester physical therapist students. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses for IC, FBA, and SBC were conducted. In the first step, curriculum orientation was inserted into the model; in the second step, self-rated knowledge, cognition, and metacognition; and in the third step, psychological factors.

Results
All independent variables except contextual factors explained 37% of the variance in the outcome of IC. Curriculum orientation explained 3%, cognitive and metacognitive factors an additional 22%, and attitudes another 15%. Variance in the outcomes of FBA and SBC were explained by curriculum orientation only (FBA change in R2 = 0.04; SBC change in R2 = 0.05). Higher scores of the dependent variables were associated with a curriculum having behavioral medicine competencies.

Limitations
The limitations of this study are that it was cross-sectional.

Conclusions
Cognitive and metacognitive capabilities and skills and positive attitudes are important predictors of physical therapist students’ clinical reasoning focused on behavior change at the IC level. Curricula with behavioral medicine competencies are associated with positive outcomes at all clinical reasoning levels.
Cancellable Insider Trading Plans: An Analysis of SEC Rule 10b5-1*
Authors: Lenkey Stephen L 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Rule 10b5-1 enables insiders to preplan future trades before becoming informed. Within a strategic rational expectations equilibrium framework, I characterize an insider’s unique optimal trading plan, which balances portfolio diversification against exploitation of the rule’s selective termination option. Because the rule reduces adverse selection and provides insurance against bad outcomes, the rule generally improves welfare for both the insider, who later becomes informed, and uninformed outsiders, provided there exists a sufficient degree of information asymmetry. Eliminating the rule’s selective termination option results in an even greater welfare improvement under a large subset of parametric conditions.
Received March 9, 2018; editorial decision January 11, 2019 by Editor Wei Jiang.
Total joint arthroplasty in immunocompromised patients: a matched pair analysis for comorbidities
Authors: Meftah Morteza , Plassche Grace , Silverman Ariel , White Peter B. , Kirschenbaum Ira H. 
Published: March 2019

Background:
The prevalence and demand for total joint arthroplasty (TJA) in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C (HCV) have steadily increased. However, the relationship between these immunocompromising viruses and perioperative complications such as postoperative infection has yet to be fully established.

Methods:
TJA was performed in 109 immunocompromised (IC) patients (50 THAs and 59 TKAs) between 2008 and 2014. Patients were matched based on sex, age, body mass index, and operation (TKA vs. THA) to patients who were nonimmunocompromised (N-IC). A cohort of 66 IC patients were also matched with 66 N-IC based on medical comorbidities to assess for medical comorbidities that may increase the risk of infection.

Results:
The overall complication rate in the IC group and N-IC groups was 20% (22 patients) and 14.6% (16 patients), respectively, which was not statistically significant (P=0.34). There were no differences between the two groups in the incidence of deep (n=6; 5.5% vs. n=3; 2.7%; P=0.36) or superficial infections (n=4; 2.1% vs. n=1; 0.9%; P=0.50), or re-admissions (n=12; 11% vs. 14; 12.8%; P=0.80). However, there was a significant difference for reoperation (16 vs. 6, P=0.04). When data were adjusted for confounding factors for complications, matched for comorbidities, the rate of infection and reoperation were 7.5% and 4.5% in IC and 9% and 6% in N-IC groups, respectively, which were not statistically significant.

Conclusions:
IC patients were not at a significant increased risk for perioperative complications, postoperative infections, or readmissions, but they were at higher risk of reoperation.
Use of technetium bone scans to help predict whether patellar resurfacing will be successful in treating pain after primary total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Fine Stephen , Watson Anna 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Patellar resurfacing does not always alleviate anterior knee pain after total knee arthroplasty. This study sought to determine if technetium 99 bone scan after primary total knee arthroplasty helps predict if subsequent patellar resurfacing surgery will be successful.

Methods:
A retrospective review of patients who had isolated patellar resurfacing (or patellar resurfacing and tibial insert exchange) after primary total knee arthroplasty was performed via a telephone interview. Patients had technetium 99 bone scans in their workup, and the scans were considered positive if uptake in the patella was greater than elsewhere in the knee. Three outcome measures were used: level of patient satisfaction, amount of pain relief, and whether the patient would choose to have the surgery again. Correlations were sought between the results of the bone scans and patient outcome measures.

Results:
Twenty-two of 35 patients were interviewed. There were 15 (68%) positive bone scans, and of these 14 (93%) had good outcomes and one (7%) had a poor outcome. There were seven (32%) negative bone scans, and of these two (29%) had good outcomes and five (71%) had poor outcomes.

Conclusions:
In patients who develop pain after primary total knee arthroplasty, a technetium bone scan may help to predict which patients will benefit from a subsequent patellar resurfacing procedure
Nonoperative Geriatric Hip Fracture Treatment Is Associated With Increased Mortality: A Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Chlebeck Jesse D. , Birch Christopher E. , Blankstein Michael , Kristiansen Thomas , Bartlett Craig S. , Schottel Patrick C. 
Published: March 2019

Objective:
To report the mortality data and life expectancy of geriatric hip fracture patients who underwent nonoperative management and compare that with a matched operative cohort.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
Level 1 trauma center.

Patients:
Geriatric (65 years of age and older) femoral neck or intertrochanteric fracture (OTA/AO 31A and 31B) patients.

Intervention:
Operative treatment with either arthroplasty, cannulated screws, sliding hip screw device, or cephalomedullary nail compared with nonoperative cohort.

Main Outcome Measurements:
In-hospital, 30-day, and 1-year mortality.

Results:
Two hundred thirty-one patients, comprising 154 operative and 77 nonoperative patients, were compared. There were no significant differences among age, sex, fracture location, Charlson Comorbidity Index, preinjury living location, dementia, and history of cardiac arrhythmia between the 2 cohorts. Nonoperatively managed patients were found to have a significantly higher percent in-hospital (28.6 vs. 3.9; P < 0.0001), 30-day (63.6 vs. 11.0; <0.0001), and 1-year (84.4 vs. 36.4; P < 0.0001) mortality. The mean life expectancy after a hip fracture for the nonoperative cohort was significantly shorter than the operative group (221 vs. 1024 days; P < 0.0001).

Conclusions:
Nonoperatively treated hip fracture patients had an 84.4% 1-year mortality that was significantly higher than a matched operative cohort. Our results demonstrate the bleak overall prognosis for nonoperatively treated geriatric hip fractures as well as the associated reduction in mortality with surgical treatment. Our findings offer helpful information by providing updated mortality data when discussing nonoperative hip fracture management with patients and their family.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Is the Cranial and Posterior Screw of the “Inverted Triangle” Configuration for Femoral Neck Fractures Safe?
Authors: Hoffmann Jacob C. , Kellam James , Kumaravel Manickam , Clark Kurt , Routt Milton L. “Chip” , Gary Joshua L. 
Published: March 2019

Objectives:
To determine the frequency where a posterior and cranial screw in a femoral neck that appeared contained on fluoroscopy violates the cortex.

Methods:
Ten specimens including the hemipelvis with the proximal femur were obtained from unidentified embalmed specimens that were to be cremated after an institutional review board waiver was granted. Under fluoroscopy, the posterior and cranial screw of the inverted triangle configuration for the femoral neck was placed using standard technique with a cannulated 6.5-mm screw. Anterior–posterior and lateral images of the final screw placement were blinded to 2 orthopaedic traumatologists and 1 musculoskeletal radiologist who were asked to determine whether the screw radiographically breached the posterior and cranial cortex. Cadavers were stripped of soft tissues and inspected for screw perforation. Screws were grouped as contained, thread extrusion, or core extrusion.

Results:
Reviewers classified all 10 screws as radiographically contained within the femoral neck. Cadavers were inspected and found to show: 4 of 10 with core extrusion, 3 of 10 with thread extrusion, and 3 of 10 screws contained within the femoral neck.

Conclusions:
Seventy percent of screws that were judged to be radiographically contained had cortical breach near the area where the lateral epiphyseal vessels enter the femoral neck. We urge caution against placement of posterior-cranial implants with fluoroscopy alone even if they appear radiographically contained.
PET imaging in renal cancer
Authors: Lindenberg Liza , Mena Esther , Choyke Peter L. , Bouchelouche Kirsten 
Published: March 2019

Purpose of review
Worldwide, over 400 000 new cases of kidney cancer were diagnosed and over 175 000 deaths anticipated in 2018. It is ranked as the 14th most common cancer in women and 9th most common in men. Imaging is important for initial detection, staging, and monitoring to assist treatment planning, but conventional anatomic imaging is limited. Although functional PET/CT has proven helpful in the diagnosis and management of many cancers, its value in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is still in evolution.

Recent findings
FDG is probably the most useful radiotracer in RCC, although CAIX imaging can be helpful in clear cell RCC. Current research on PET imaging agents in RCC including 89Zr bevacizumab, 89Zr geruntuximab, 18F fluoro-l-thymidine (FLT), prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), 11C choline, 18F sodium fluoride (NaF), and18F fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) have shown some interesting results for detection and prognosis of the disease.

Summary
Many innovative radiotracers have been tested in RCC, but robust differentiation of primary disease from normal parenchyma remains elusive for almost all of them. The metastatic setting and response to therapy for this cancer are more favorable PET applications. Continued research in promising molecular tracers will hopefully advance both diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to ultimately eradicate RCC.
Collagenase Clostridium Histolyticum for the Treatment of Edematous Fibrosclerotic Panniculopathy (Cellulite): A Randomized Trial
Authors: Sadick Neil S. , Goldman Mitchel P. , Liu Genzhou , Shusterman Neil H. , McLane Michael P. , Hurley David , Young V. Leroy 
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND
Edematous fibrosclerotic panniculopathy (EFP; cellulite) is associated with thickening and contraction of collagen-rich subdermal septae. Collagenase clostridium histolyticum (CCH) may disrupt collagen-rich septae.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of CCH for treatment of EFP.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
In a randomized, double-blind study, women with moderate or severe EFP of the buttocks or posterolateral thighs (i.e., Clinician Reported Photonumeric Cellulite Severity Scale [CR-PCSS] and Patient Reported Photonumeric Cellulite Severity Scale [PR-PCSS] ratings of 3 to 4, and Hexsel Cellulite Severity Scale score ≤13) received up to 3 treatment sessions (Days 1, 22, and 43) of subcutaneous CCH 0.84 mg or placebo injections. End points included the percentage of 2-level and 1-level composite responders (i.e., had ≥2-level or ≥1-level improvement in CR-PCSS and PR-PCSS) at Day 71.

RESULTS
Three hundred seventy-five women (mean age, 46.5 years; 86.4% white) were randomly assigned to CCH (n = 189) or placebo (n = 186). At Day 71, the percentages of 2-level and 1-level composite responders were greater with CCH (10.6% and 44.6%, respectively) versus placebo (1.6% and 17.9%; p < .001 for both). The most common adverse events were injection-site related.

CONCLUSION
CCH significantly improved EFP appearance versus placebo; further evaluation of CCH for EFP (cellulite) is warranted.
Safety of Intradermal/Subcutaneous Lidocaine With Epinephrine Use in Dermatologic Surgery
Authors: Hirshburg Jason M. , Diven Dayna G. , Edmiston Chloe , Dozier Susan E. , Woody Meghan , Fox Matthew C. 
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND
Recently, the safety of lidocaine plus epinephrine use in outpatient surgery has come under scrutiny despite its long history of use in outpatient dermatologic procedures and surgeries.

OBJECTIVE
To assess the frequency of crash cart and other emergency interventions during Mohs micrographic surgery when lidocaine plus epinephrine is used as a local anesthetic and evaluate patient comorbidities associated with these events.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A retrospective chart review was conducted in an outpatient Mohs micrographic surgery clinic.

RESULTS
One thousand one hundred twenty-seven Mohs cases were reviewed from the period of March 2015 to June 2016 with 864 meeting the inclusion criteria of patient weight, medical history, and amount of lidocaine administered recorded. No adverse events requiring emergency intervention with a crash cart or transfer to the emergency department occurred despite a patient population with advanced age and a wide range of comorbidities.

CONCLUSION
No serious adverse events requiring emergency intervention were associated with lidocaine with epinephrine doses administered below the Food and Drug Administration recommended maximum. The authors did not find evidence from this study or after a literature search to support the requirement for a crash cart and other emergency equipment to be present during procedures.
VITRECTOMY FOR ENDOPHTHALMITIS IN EYES WITH OSTEOKERATOPROSTHESIS
Authors: Vilaplana Ferran , Nadal Jeroni , Temprano José , Julio Gemma , Olivera Maximiliano , Casaroli-Marano Ricardo P. , Barraquer Rafael I. 
Published: March 2019

Purpose:
To analyze functional and anatomical results of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) to treat endophthalmitis in eyes with osteokeratoprosthesis.

Methods:
An observational, retrospective study of five eyes suffering from endophthalmitis, after an osteokeratoprosthesis implantation, which underwent PPV associated with intravitreal antibiotics. The minimum follow-up after PPV was 6 months. A descriptive study and a Kaplan–Meier survival analysis for anatomical (attached retina during the follow-up) and functional success (visual acuity ≥20/400) were performed.

Results:
Best-corrected visual acuity during the final follow-up was 20/100 in 1 case (20%), hand movement in another case (20%), and no light perception in 3 cases (60%). The anatomical survival rates were recorded at 80%, 60%, and 40% at 1, 6, and 8 months respectively, and this last value was maintained at 12 months after PPV. The functional survival rates were recorded at 40% and 20% at 1 month and 8 months, respectively, and this last value was maintained at 12 months after PPV.

Conclusion:
Endophthalmitis in eyes with previous osteokeratoprosthesis is a very severe complication with a reserved prognosis. Pars plana vitrectomy associated with intravitreal antibiotics leads to maintaining or increasing visual acuity in a small proportion of patients who otherwise would end up blind.