bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coulomb branch operators and mirror symmetry in three dimensions
Authors: Dedushenko Mykola , Fan Yale , Pufu Silviu S. , Yacoby Ran 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe develop new techniques for computing exact correlation functions of a class of local operators, including certain monopole operators, in three-dimensional$$ \mathcal{N}=4 $$N=4abelian gauge theories that have superconformal infrared limits. These operators are position-dependent linear combinations of Coulomb branch operators. They form a one-dimensional topological sector that encodes a deformation quantization of the Coulomb branch chiral ring, and their correlation functions completely fix the (n≤ 3)-point functions of all half-BPS Coulomb branch operators. Using these results, we provide new derivations of the conformal dimension of half-BPS monopole operators as well as new and detailed tests of mirror symmetry. Our main approach involves supersymmetric localization on a hemisphereHS3with half-BPS boundary conditions, where operator insertions within the hemisphere are represented by certain shift operators acting on theHS3wavefunction. By gluing a pair of such wavefunctions, we obtain correlators onS3with an arbitrary number of operator insertions. Finally, we show that our results can be recovered by dimensionally reducing the Schur index of 4D$$ \mathcal{N}=2 $$N=2theories decorated by BPS ’t Hooft-Wilson loops.
VATS Partial Pleurectomy Versus VATS Pleural Abrasion: Significant Reduction in Pneumothorax Recurrence Rates After Pleurectomy
Authors: Ng Caecilia , Maier Herbert Thomas , Kocher Florian , Jud Silvia , Lucciarini Paolo , Öfner Dietmar , Schmid Thomas , Augustin Florian 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIntroductionSurgical treatment of primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) usually consists of bullectomy and any form of pleurodesis to reduce risk of disease recurrence. Whether pleurectomy is superior to pleural abrasion is still a matter of debate with recurrence rates especially high when performed with a video‐assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) approach. Aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of the two methods in prevention of recurrence of pneumothorax in a minimally invasive setting.Materials and methodsBetween 01/2005 and 12/2015, 107 patients younger than 40 years with PSP underwent VATS bullectomy and either partial pleurectomy or pleural abrasion. Medical records of patients were reviewed retrospectively.ResultsPleural abrasion was performed in 34/107 patients, 73/107 patients underwent partial pleurectomy. There were no statistically significant differences in age, sex, body mass index or smoking history at time of surgery. There was no significant difference in major postoperative complications (p = 0.3022). Nine (8.4%) patients had a recurrence of pneumothorax during follow‐up. Incidence of recurrence in those undergoing pleural abrasion was significantly higher than those undergoing apical pleurectomy (8/34 vs. 1/73, p < 0.001). Surgical technique was the only factor associated with a recurrence of PSP after surgical intervention.DiscussionIn our analysis, a VATS partial pleurectomy proved to be effective for prevention of recurrent PSP. Recurrence rates were low despite a minimally invasive approach and significantly lower than in the pleural abrasion group. According to these findings, VATS pleurectomy might be considered as the primary choice for surgical pleurodesis in patients with PSP.
Risk propagation through payment distortion in supply chains
Authors: Serrano Alejandro , Oliva Rogelio , Kraiselburd Santiago 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe supply chain literature has devoted much attention to studying how the variability of orders propagates upstream. We explore how this insight extends to the variability of payments to suppliers and its impact on how risk is generated and propagates upstream. To do so, we model the financial features of a supply chain based on industry reports and empirical findings from the finance literature. Capturing policies and constraints of the agents in the supply chain in a formal model, we are able to generate and explain the behavior observed in real supply chains. We show that payment variability occurs and propagates, even if orders are constant, in a cash‐constrained supply chain. Furthermore, our model reveals that payment variability may even become amplified under severe cash restrictions. We identify the factors that drive the propagation of variability—the industry risk, the firm's operational leverage, the existence of a financial leverage target, and the cost of debt. The model also makes it possible to explore states of nature not often observed in practice, but that may have an effect in managers' behavior, for example, bankruptcies. We numerically illustrate the impact of these drivers on the risk of upper echelons (suppliers and suppliers' suppliers) as well as the interactions between order and payment variability. We close by summarizing our findings and discussing future research opportunities.
MINIMAL AXIOMATIC FRAMEWORKS FOR DEFINABLE HYPERREALS WITH TRANSFER
Authors: HERZBERG FREDERIK S. , KANOVEI VLADIMIR , KATZ MIKHAIL , LYUBETSKY VASSILY 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe modify the definable ultrapower construction of Kanovei and Shelah (2004) to develop a ZF-definable extension of the continuum with transfer provable using countable choice only, with an additional mild hypothesis on well-ordering implying properness. Under the same assumptions, we also prove the existence of a definable, proper elementary extension of the standard superstructure over the reals.
ON CUTS IN ULTRAPRODUCTS OF LINEAR ORDERS II
Authors: GOLSHANI MOHAMMAD , SHELAH SAHARON 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe continue our study of the class ${\cal C}\left( D \right)$, where D is a uniform ultrafilter on a cardinal κ and ${\cal C}\left( D \right)$ is the class of all pairs $\left( {{\theta _1},{\theta _2}} \right)$, where $\left( {{\theta _1},{\theta _2}} \right)$ is the cofinality of a cut in ${J^\kappa }/D$ and J is some ${\left( {{\theta _1} + {\theta _2}} \right)^ + }$-saturated dense linear order. We give a combinatorial characterization of the class ${\cal C}\left( D \right)$. We also show that if $\left( {{\theta _1},{\theta _2}} \right) \in {\cal C}\left( D \right)$ and D is ${\aleph _1}$-complete or ${\theta _1} + {\theta _2} > {2^\kappa }$, then ${\theta _1} = {\theta _2}$.
The Effect of Monsoon Circulation on the Stable Isotopic Composition of Rainfall
Authors: Midhun M. , Lekshmy P. R. , Ramesh R. , Yoshimura Kei , Sandeep K. K. , Kumar Samresh , Sinha Rajiv , Singh Ashutosh , Srivastava Shalivahan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the factors that control the variability of oxygen isotopic ratios (δ18O) of Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) rainfall (δ18Op) is of vital importance for the interpretation of δ18Op derived from climate proxies (e.g., speleothem and tree ring cellulose) of this region. Here we demonstrate the importance of moisture transport pathways on spatiotemporal variations of ISM δ18Op using a new set of daily observations from central and northern India and previously reported data aided by simulations from an isotope‐enabled General Circulation Model. 18O‐depleted rain events are characterized by a higher number of air parcel back trajectories through the Bay of Bengal branch of moisture transport, while those through the Arabian Sea branch are associated with 18O enriched rain events. This effect is observed on intraseasonal to interannual timescales in the long‐term observations at New Delhi as well. Thus, the shift in moisture transport regimes must be considered when interpreting δ 18Op from climate proxies of the ISM region.
Source Apportionment of Aerosol Ammonium in an Ammonia‐Rich Atmosphere: An Isotopic Study of Summer Clean and Hazy Days in Urban Beijing
Authors: Pan Yuepeng , Tian Shili , Liu Dongwei , Fang Yunting , Zhu Xiaying , Gao Meng , Wentworth Gregory R. , Michalski Greg , Huang Xiaojuan , Wang Yuesi 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAerosol ammonium (NH4+) can be a major component of fine particles, especially during severe haze episodes. The abatement of ammonia (NH3) emissions is important for reducing fine particles, but NH3 sources remain poorly constrained and are largely unregulated in China and most other regions. This study uses stable isotopes to interpret the role NH3 sources play in generating different sized NH4+ aerosols in Beijing between 21 June and 4 July 2013 with fine particle concentrations of 20–242 μg/m3. The concentrations and nitrogen stable isotope composition of aerosol NH4+ (δ15N‐NH4+) were both elevated during the five haze episodes that were sampled. These increases were driven by enhancements in the fine mode as opposed to substantial increases in the coarse mode aerosol. After accounting for the isotope fractionation that occurs during gas‐to‐particle partitioning (17.7‰ to 28.2‰), the “initial” (prepartitioning) δ15N‐NH3 values were estimated to be −35‰ for a clean period (i.e., a nonhazy day) and ranged from −14.3‰ to −22.8‰ for hazy days. Source apportionment using the “IsoSources” isotopic mixing model indicated that the dominant contribution to NH3 shifted from agricultural sources during the clean period (86%) to fossil fuel emissions (54%–81%) during hazy days and when back trajectories rotate from the northwest to the west and/or south. These results together suggest that even in summer, fossil fuel‐related sources from Beijing and the surrounding areas are the major source of NH3 during haze events and that controlling these sources may be important for alleviating particulate matter pollution.
Seasonal Drivers of Carbon Dioxide Dynamics in a Hydrologically Modified Subtropical Tidal River and Estuary (Caboolture River, Australia)
Authors: Jeffrey Luke C. , Santos Isaac R. , Tait Douglas R. , Makings Uriah , Maher Damien T. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractEstuaries are dynamic hot spots for carbon cycling and atmospheric evasion. Here we assess the dynamics and drivers of CO2 in a hydrologically modified subtropical Australian estuary. Over 1 year, 10 high‐resolution spatial surveys of pCO2, radon, chromophoric dissolved organic matter, chlorophyll a, and physicochemical parameters were conducted from the estuary mouth to a weir located 25 km upstream. The riverine respiratory quotient revealed that processes besides water column respiration were driving high CO2 within the tidal river (salinity < 2) but not in the estuary (salinity > 2). Conservative mixing plots for pCO2 and 222Rn implied that groundwater may be a contributing source of CO2 during most surveys, but not during dry conditions. A multiple linear regression model explained 88% of the annual pCO2 variability, indicating that mixing, metabolism, temperature, and groundwater inputs were key drivers of CO2. Inputs from an upstream wastewater outfall potentially fuel observed seasonal algal blooms, resulting in the lowest daytime CO2 emissions periods. Postbloom surveys had the highest daytime CO2 emissions. The average tidal river CO2 atmospheric flux rate was 379 ± 53 mmol m−2 day−1. The average estuarine CO2 flux was 78 ± 17 mmol m−2 day−1, equating to 28 ± 6 mol m−2 yr−1. Although the tidal river surface area was ~10 times smaller than the estuary, about one third (35%) of the CO2 emissions were derived from the tidal river. Our results suggest that CO2 emissions along the tidal river‐estuary continuum are dynamic over small temporal and spatial scales and that a combination of hydrological and biological processes is a controlling factor of this variability.
A Phytoplankton Model for the Allocation of Gross Photosynthetic Energy Including the Trade‐Offs of Diazotrophy
Authors: Nicholson D. P. , Stanley R. H. R. , Doney S. C. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractGross photosynthetic activity by phytoplankton is directed to linear and alternative electron pathways that generate ATP, reductant, and fix carbon. Ultimately less than half is directed to net growth. Here we present a phytoplankton cell allocation model that explicitly represents a number of cell metabolic processes and functional pools with the goal of evaluating ATP and reductant demands as a function of light, nitrate, iron, oxygen, and temperature for diazotrophic versus nondiazotrophic growth. We employ model analogues of Synechoccocus and Crocosphaera watsonii, to explore the trade‐offs of diazotrophy over a range of environmental conditions. Model analogues are identical in construction, except for an iron quota associated with nitrogenase, an additional respiratory demand to remove oxygen in order to protect nitrogenase and an additional ATP demand to split dinitrogen. We find that these changes explain observed differences in growth rate and iron limitation between diazotrophs and nondiazotrophs. Oxygen removal imparted a significantly larger metabolic cost to diazotrophs than ATP demand for fixing nitrogen. Results suggest that diazotrophs devote a much smaller fraction of gross photosynthetic energy to growth than nondiazotrophs. The phytoplankton cell allocation model model provides a predictive framework for how photosynthate allocation varies with environmental conditions in order to balance cellular demands for ATP and reductant across phytoplankton functional groups.
Spatial Variability in Growth‐Climate Relationships of Amur Cork Tree (Phellodendron amurense) and Their Connections With PDO in Northeast China
Authors: Zhu Liangjun , Wang Xiaochun , Pederson Neil , Chen Zhenju , Cooper David J. , Zhang Yuandong , Li Zongshan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe used a dendrochronological approach to identify the spatial variability in growth‐climate relationships of Amur cork tree (Phellodendron amurense), using a network of 12 sites across its natural range in Northeast China. Results showed that the signal‐noise ratio, expressed population signal, and mean interseries correlations of the site chronologies decreased significantly with decreasing latitude. Correlation matrix, cluster, and rotated empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis all indicated that the 12 chronologies can be classified into two groups, the southern and northern chronologies. Minimum temperature (Tmin) was a major factor limiting Amur cork tree growth at regional scales. Almost all sites had positive correlations with monthly temperature, while correlation coefficients with precipitation were much lower than minimum temperature correlations, and only a few months (January, April, and July) were significant (p < 0.05). The positive effects of summer Tmin on tree growth were significantly decreased with increasing latitude (except BSL site), while positive effects of summer precipitation increased significantly with latitude and longitude and decreased significantly with altitude. The southern nine site chronologies (EOF‐1) were significantly positively correlated with the seasonal or annual Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) index of the previous year and the current spring, while the northern three chronologies (EOF‐2) showed different relationships, which is consistent with the spatial relationship between PDO and local temperature. The spatial variability in growth‐climate relationships of Amur cork tree can be affected by PDO, which can modulate the spatiotemporal variation of spring onset, autumn termination, and the effective accumulated temperature by affecting local temperature.
Intrinsically Variable Blind Thrust Faulting
Authors: Gunderson Kellen L. , Anastasio David J. , Pazzaglia Frank J. , Kodama Kenneth P. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe propose that most fault slip rate variability across a range of time and spatial scales is due to intrinsic faulting processes, rather than extrinsic changes in surface loads or stress boundary conditions. This hypothesis is tested by comparing very high geologic resolution slip histories of blind thrust faults from three transects in the Northern Apennines, Italy. We investigated whether these slip histories document synchronous, or independent, behavior of the disconnected, blind thrust faults that core mountain front anticlines bordering the Po foreland. The slip history for these thrusts is reconstructed by applying forward structural modeling to deformed growth strata and fluvial terraces preserved on the limbs of the growing anticlines. We present a new age model using magnetostratigraphy and cyclostratigraphy for a section of growth strata exposed in the Panaro River and supplement this with age models for two other published transects. The blind thrust fault at each transect exhibits variable slip behavior over the past 3 Myr, but for most of that time the variability was both asynchronous and independent of boundary condition changes, such as Plio‐Pleistocene sediment accumulation variability. However, a major deceleration in slip rates at all three locations is temporally coincident with the overfilling of the Po foreland beginning in the early Pleistocene. We attribute the deceleration to a switch from shortening on shallowly detached thrusts to shortening on a crustal‐scale basement‐involved fault. This switch has implications for the time and spatial scales at which extrinsic boundary conditions may contribute to deformation variability.
Electron Scattering by Plasmaspheric Hiss in a Nightside Plume
Authors: Zhang Wenxun , Fu Song , Gu Xudong , Ni Binbin , Xiang Zheng , Summers Danny , Zou Zhengyang , Cao Xing , Lou Yuequn , Hua Man 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPlasmaspheric hiss is known to play an important role in radiation belt electron dynamics in high plasma density regions. We present observations of two crossings of a plasmaspheric plume by the Van Allen Probes on 26 December 2012, which occurred unusually at the post‐midnight‐to‐dawn sector between L ~ 4–6 during a geomagnetically quiet period. This plume exhibited pronounced electron densities higher than those of the average plume level. Moderate hiss emissions accompanied the two plume crossings with the peak power at about 100 Hz. Quantification of quasi‐linear bounce‐averaged electron scattering rates by hiss in the plume demonstrates that the waves are efficient to pitch angle scatter ~10–100 keV electrons at rates up to ~10−4 s−1 near the loss cone but become gradually insignificant to scatter the higher energy electron population. The resultant timescales of electron loss due to hiss in the nightside plume vary largely with electron kinetic energy over 3 orders of magnitude, that is, from several hours for tens of keV electrons to a few days for hundreds of keV electrons to well above 100 days for >1 MeV electrons. Changing slightly with L‐shell and the multiquartile profile of hiss spectral intensity, these electron loss timescales suggest that hiss emissions in the nightside plume act as a viable candidate for the fast loss of the ≲100 keV electrons and the slow decay of higher energy electrons.
An Anisotropic Contrast in the Lithosphere Across the Central San Andreas Fault
Authors: Jiang Chengxin , Schmandt Brandon , Clayton Robert W. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSeismic anisotropy of the lithosphere and asthenosphere was investigated with a dense broadband seismic transect nearly orthogonal to the central San Andreas fault (SAF). A contrast in SK(K)S splitting was found across the SAF, with a clockwise rotation of the fast orientation ~26° closer to the strike of the SAF and greater delay times for stations located within 35 km to the east. Dense seismograph spacing requires heterogeneous anisotropy east of the SAF in the uppermost mantle or crust. Based on existing station coverage, such a contrast in splitting orientations across the SAF may be unusual along strike and its location coincides with the high‐velocity Isabella anomaly in the upper mantle. If the Isabella anomaly is a fossil slab fragment translating with the Pacific plate, the anomalous splitting east of the SAF could indicate a zone of margin‐parallel shear beneath the western edge of North America.
Human Water Use Impacts on the Strength of the Continental Sink for Atmospheric Water
Authors: Keune Jessica , Sulis Mauro , Kollet Stefan , Siebert Stefan , Wada Yoshihide 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn the hydrologic cycle, continental landmasses constitute a sink for atmospheric moisture as annual terrestrial precipitation commonly exceeds evapotranspiration. Simultaneously, humans intervene in the hydrologic cycle and pump groundwater to sustain, for example, drinking water and food production. Here we use a coupled groundwater‐to‐atmosphere modeling platform, set up over the European continent, to study the influence of groundwater pumping and irrigation on the net atmospheric moisture import of the continental landmasses, which defines the strength of the continental sink. Water use scenarios are constructed to account for uncertainties of atmospheric feedback during the heatwave year 2003. We find that human water use induces groundwater‐to‐atmosphere feedback, which potentially weaken the continental sink over arid watersheds in southern Europe. This feedback is linked to groundwater storage, which suggests that atmospheric feedbacks to human water use may contribute to drying of watersheds, thereby raising water resources and socio‐economic concerns beyond local sustainability considerations.
Can Regional Climate Modeling Capture the Observed Changes in Spatial Organization of Extreme Storms at Higher Temperatures?
Authors: Li J. , Wasko C. , Johnson F. , Evans J. P. , Sharma A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe spatial extent and organization of extreme storm events has important practical implications for flood forecasting. Recently, conflicting evidence has been found on the observed changes of storm spatial extent with increasing temperatures. To further investigate this question, a regional climate model assessment is presented for the Greater Sydney region, in Australia. Two regional climate models were considered: the first a convection‐resolving simulation at 2‐km resolution, the second a resolution of 10 km with three different convection parameterizations. Both the 2‐ and the 10‐km resolutions that used the Betts‐Miller‐Janjic convective scheme simulate decreasing storm spatial extent with increasing temperatures for 1‐hr duration precipitation events, consistent with the observation‐based study in Australia. However, other observed relationships of extreme rainfall with increasing temperature were not well represented by the models. Improved methods for considering storm organization are required to better understand potential future changes.
Interactions Between Suspended Kaolinite Deposition and Hyporheic Exchange Flux Under Losing and Gaining Flow Conditions
Authors: Fox Aryeh , Packman Aaron I. , Boano Fulvio , Phillips Colin B. , Arnon Shai 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFine particle deposition and streambed clogging affect many ecological and biogeochemical processes, but little is known about the effects of groundwater flow into and out of rivers on clogging. We evaluated the effects of losing and gaining flow on the deposition of suspended kaolinite clay particles in a sand streambed and the resulting changes in rates and patterns of hyporheic exchange flux (HEF). Observations of clay deposition from the water column, clay accumulation in the streambed sediments, and water exchange with the bed demonstrated that clay deposition in the bed substantially reduced both HEF and the size of the hyporheic zone. Clay deposition and HEF were strongly coupled, leading to rapid clogging in areas of water and clay influx into the bed. Local clogging diverted exchanged water laterally, producing clay deposit layers that reduced vertical hyporheic flow and favored horizontal flow. Under gaining conditions, HEF was spatially constrained by upwelling water, which focused clay deposition in a small region on the upstream side of each bed form. Because the area of inflow into the bed was smallest under gaining conditions, local clogging required less clay mass under gaining conditions than neutral or losing conditions. These results indicate that losing and gaining flow conditions need to be considered in assessments of hyporheic exchange, fine particle dynamics in streams, and streambed clogging and restoration.