bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geodetic Evidence That Mercury Has A Solid Inner Core
Authors: Genova Antonio , Goossens Sander , Mazarico Erwan , Lemoine Frank G. , Neumann Gregory A. , Kuang Weijia , Sabaka Terence J. , Hauck Steven A. , Smith David E. , Solomon Sean C. , Zuber Maria T. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractGeodetic analysis of radio tracking measurements of the MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging spacecraft while in orbit about Mercury has yielded new estimates for the planet's gravity field, tidal Love number, and pole coordinates. The derived right ascension (α = 281.0082° ± 0.0009°; all uncertainties are 3 standard deviations) and declination (δ = 61.4164° ± 0.0003°) of the spin pole place Mercury in the Cassini state. Confirmation of the equilibrium state with an estimated mean (whole planet) obliquity ϵ of 1.968 ± 0.027 arcmin enables the confident determination of the planet's normalized polar moment of inertia (0.333 ± 0.005), which indicates a high degree of internal differentiation. Internal structure models generated by a Markov Chain Monte Carlo process and consistent with the geodetic constraints possess a solid inner core with a radius (ric) between 0.3 and 0.7 that of the outer core (roc).
Tropical Cyclone Heat Potential and the Rapid Intensification of Hurricane Harvey in the Texas Bight
Authors: Potter Henry , DiMarco Steven F. , Knap Anthony H. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHarvey entered the Gulf of Mexico as a tropical depression on 23 August 2017; two days later it had strengthened to a category 1 hurricane. Over the following 30 hr Harvey rapidly intensified, reaching the Texas Bight as a category 3 storm. This intensification continued while Harvey crossed the shelf, making landfall as a category 4 storm 60 km east of Corpus Christi, TX on 26 August. A hydrographic survey two weeks prior to landfall shows that the tropical cyclone heat potential across the Texas Bight was approximately 35 kJ/cm2, which is 55 kJ/cm2 less than the amount of upper ocean heat normally associated with intensification. Combined with buoy, float, and satellite data, we use hydrographic surveys to study the conditions of the Texas Bight that contributed to Harvey's rapid intensification. We find that, at the time of landfall, the Texas Bight was well mixed with very warm water extending from the surface to bottom. As a consequence, mixing induced by Harvey had a small impact on surface temperatures which remained high and supported continued intensification. The results show that tropical cyclone heat potential is not an effective metric for hurricane intensity prediction in shallow water, and illustrate the need for continuous subsurface monitoring in order to improve hurricane forecasts.
Comment on “Appropriate Boundary Condition for Dupuit‐Boussinesq Theory on the Steady Groundwater Flow in an Unconfined Sloping Aquifer With Uniform Recharge” by Wu et al.
Authors: Kong Jun , Sun Jie , Luo Zhaoyang , Shen Chengji , Hua Guofen , Lu Chunhui 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBy neglecting unsaturated flow, Wu et al. (2018, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018WR023070) claimed that the zero volumetric discharge at the upstream boundary results in two possible boundary conditions of either zero groundwater table or zero seepage velocity based on the original Dupuit‐Boussinesq theory. They further concluded that a steeper and/or shallower aquifer has a zero‐groundwater table if the downstream groundwater table is shallower. Here we point out that the conceptual model adopted by Wu et al. (2018) not reasonable and the results are quite different from those with unsaturated flow considered in the real hillslope aquifer. Specifically, the water table at the upstream boundary could be positive or negative due to the lateral unsaturated flow effect, and hence, the seepage velocity must be set to zero to satisfy the zero discharge boundary condition at the upstream boundary. In addition, the zero groundwater table cannot ensure a zero discharge at the upstream boundary. Furthermore, we argue that the discharge with respect to the groundwater table is linearly distributed along the slope distance only when both saturated and unsaturated flows are considered. The saturated flow discharge itself is not distributed linearly. Our comment highlights the importance of unsaturated flow in studying steady groundwater flow in an unconfined sloping aquifer with uniform recharge using the Dupuit‐Boussinesq theory.
Evaluating Operational Hydrodynamic Models for Real‐time Simulation of Evaporation From Large Lakes
Authors: Gronewold A. D. , Anderson E. J. , Smith J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMethods for simulating evaporative water loss from Earth's large lakes have lagged behind advances in hydrodynamic modeling. Here we explore use of oceanographic models to simulate lake evaporation from a long‐term water balance perspective. More specifically, we compare long‐term monthly simulations of latent heat flux from two configurations of a current operational hydrodynamic forecasting system (based on the Finite Volume Community Ocean Model, or FVCOM) for the Laurentian Great Lakes. We then compare these simulations to comparable simulations from a legacy conventional lake thermodynamics model, and from a recently developed statistical water balance model. We find that one of the FVCOM configurations that is currently used in operations for short‐term hydrodynamic forecast guidance is also suitable for real‐time simulation of evaporation from very large lakes. The operational versions of FVCOM should therefore be considered a readily available tool for supporting regional water supply management and, pending further research, extended water supply forecasting.
Neurologische Rehabilitation – Wohin geht die
Reise?
Authors: Langhammer Birgitta , Sunnerhagen Katharina S. , Stanghelle Johan K. 
Published: March 2019

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Beitrag liegt der Schwerpunkt auf der Zukunft bzw. den zukünftigen
Herausforderungen der Neurorehabilitation im Zusammenhang mit genetischer
Forschung, Behandlungen, Interventionen und Medikamenten zur Verbesserung der
Ergebnisse sowie auf translationalen Fragen der Leistungserbringung zwischen
spezialisierten und gemeindebasierten Diensten.
Die Zukunft der neurologischen Frührehabilitation in
Deutschland
Authors: Pohl Marcus 
Published: March 2019

ZusammenfassungDie neurologisch-neurochirurgische Frührehabilitation bietet rund 5000
Behandlungsplätze in Deutschland. Sie ist ein wichtiger Baustein im
Gesamtbehandlungskonzept beatmeter neurologischer Patienten. Vor welchem
Hintergrund sie entstand und wie sie arbeitet, beschreibt der folgende
Artikel.
Vector Flow Imaging Compared with Digital Subtraction Angiography for Stenosis Assessment in the Superficial Femoral Artery – A Study of Vector Concentration, Velocity Ratio and Stenosis Degree Percentage
Authors: Hansen Kristoffer , Hansen Peter , Ewertsen Caroline , Lönn Lars , Jensen Jørgen , Nielsen Michael 
Published: March 2019

AbstractStenosis of the superficial femoral artery (SFA) induces complex blood flow with increased velocities. Disease assessment is performed with Doppler ultrasound and digital subtraction angiography (DSA), but Doppler ultrasound is limited by angle dependency and DSA by ionizing radiation. An alternative is the vector flow imaging method based on transverse oscillation (TO), an angle-independent vector velocity technique using ultrasound. In this study, flow complexity and velocity measured with TO were compared with DSA for the assessment of stenosis in the SFA.The vector concentration, a measure of flow complexity, and the velocity ratio obtained from the stenosis and a disease-free adjacent vessel segment, were estimated with TO in 11 patients with a total of 16 stenoses of the SFA. TO data were compared with the corresponding stenosis degree percentage obtained with DSA.The correlation between the vector concentration and DSA was very strong (R=0.93; p<0.001; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.81–0.98), while only moderate for velocity ratio and DSA (R=0.50; p<0.07; 95% CI: 0.00–0.80). The correlation coefficients that were found were significantly different (p<0.005) without overlapping CI.The study indicated that flow changes in the SFA induced by stenosis can be quantified with TO, and that stenosis grading may be improved by estimation of flow complexity instead of velocity ratio. TO is a potential diagnostic tool for the assessment of atherosclerosis and peripheral arterial disease.
Plant Allergen-Induced Contact Dermatitis
Authors: Esser Philipp , Mueller Sabine , Martin Stefan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAlthough manifold beneficial effects of plant compounds for the treatment of skin disorders are known, cutaneous exposure to plants can also result in various types of incompatibility reactions such as contact dermatitis. In this mini-review, we briefly describe the different clinical forms of contact dermatitis (photoinduced, irritative, and allergic form) and highlight recent publications in the field of contact dermatitis. Major topics are recent recommendations regarding testing for plant contact dermatitis, advances in understanding the immunological mechanisms of plant contact dermatitis, and case reports for plant contact dermatitis. Unfortunately, most people still associate the terms “healthy and safe to use” with plant compounds due to their natural origin, leading to an increased utilization, be it for home-made remedies or as cosmetics. Therefore, it is on the one hand important to raise awareness in a broad audience that plants may cause contact dermatitis and on the other hand to indicate to clinicians that plants should be included in a patch test if a history of plant exposure exists.
Patellar Height Is Not Altered When the Knee Axis Correction Is Less than 15 Degrees and Has Good Short-Term Clinical Outcome
Authors: Jingbo Cheng , Mingli Feng , Guanglei Cao , Zheng Li , Shuai An , Jiang Huang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe objectives of our study were to evaluate (1) patellar height changes when the knee axis correction was < 15 degrees and (2) the clinical effect after open wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO). Sixty-nine patients (69 knees) undergoing OWHTO between January 2016 and June 2017 were enrolled in this prospective study. All patients underwent OWHTO using a three-dimensional (3D)-printed patient-specific instrument. We used X-ray and lower-limb computed tomography scan to measure the osteotomy angle, patellar height, and other patellofemoral joint indices. We used the hospital for special surgery knee (HSS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC), and Kujala's scores to evaluate the clinical outcome. All knee axis corrections were less than 15 degrees. The change in posterior tibial slope (PTS) did not show a statistically significant difference. We observed that the patellar height was not altered when we used femur referenced measurement method. The change in modified Miura–Kawamura index (MKI) and Femoral patellar height index (FPHI) did not show a statistically significant difference. The differences in Blackburne–Peel index (BPI) and Caton–Deschamps index (CDI) were statistically significant, decreasing from 0.91 ± 0.12 and 1.06 ± 0.11 preoperatively to 0.79 ± 0.13 and 0.95 ± 0.11 postoperatively, respectively. In the axial plane, we did not observe a change in lateral patellar shift (LPS), but we found that lateral patellar tilt (LPT) showed a significant decrease from 8.67 ± 2.60 degrees preoperatively to 6.13 ± 2.30 postoperatively, respectively. The tuberositas tibae–trochlear groove (TT–TG) distance showed a significant decrease after OWHTO from 14.30 ± 4.10 mm preoperatively to 11.52 ± 3.63 mm postoperatively. The clinical score showed a significant increase after OWHTO, and all patients were satisfied with the outcome. After OWHTO, the patellar height was not altered when the knee axis correction was < 15 degrees. It was also found that there was still lateral displacement of the patella. Internal rotation of the distal tibia is an important cause of LPT reduction. After OWHTO, all patients achieved satisfactory clinical outcomes. At 1-year short-term follow-up, patients did not report discomfort in the patellofemoral joint. The Level of Evidence for this study was IV.
Incidence and Risk Factors for Hospital Readmission or Unexpected Visits in Women Undergoing Unscheduled Cesarean Delivery
Authors: La Rosa Mauricio , Jauk Victoria , Saade George R. , Boggess Kim , Longo Sherri , Clark Erin A. S. , Esplin Sean , Cleary Kirsten , Wapner Ronald , Letson Kellet , Owens Michelle Y. , Blackwell Sean , Szychowski Jeff M. , Andrews William , Tita Alan T. ,   for the Cesarean Section Optimal Antibiotic Prophylaxis Trial Consortium
Published: March 2019

Objective Hospital readmissions are increasingly tracked and assessed for value-based compensation. Our objective was to determine the incidence and risk factors associated with post-cesarean delivery (CD) readmissions or unexpected visits, defined as unexpected office or emergency room visits.
Study Design This is a secondary analysis of a multicenter randomized controlled trial of adjunctive azithromycin prophylaxis for CD performed in laboring patients with viable pregnancies. Patients were followed up to 6 weeks postpartum. Our primary outcome was a composite of hospital readmission or unexpected visit, defined as unscheduled clinic or emergency department visits. Data of hospital readmissions, unexpected visits, and their reasons were collected. Demographics, antepartum, intrapartum, and postpartum risk factors were evaluated in bivariate analyses and multivariable logistic regression modeling.
Results A total of 1,019 women were randomized to azithromycin and 994 to placebo. The prevalence of readmission or unexpected visit was 10.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.9–11.6), with rates of 3.8% (95% CI: 3.0–4.7%) hospital readmissions, 6.9% (95% CI: 5.8–8.0%) emergency room visits, and 4.2% (95% CI: 3.4–5.2%) unexpected clinic visits. The most common causes were infectious disease and hypertensive disorder. Women with readmissions or unexpected visits were more likely to be obese and diabetic, as well as experience longer length of ruptured membranes, intrauterine pressure catheter placement, and postpartum fevers. On multivariable analysis, diabetes (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.1–2.4), prolonged ruptured membranes (aOR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.3–2.8), and postpartum fevers (aOR: 4.6, 95% CI: 3.0–7.0) were significantly positively associated with readmission or unscheduled visit, while azithromycin was a protective (aOR: 0.6, 95% CI: 0.5–0.9).
Conclusion Women who had postpartum fever were at especially high risk for readmission or unexpected visits. Diabetes, prolonged ruptured membranes, and postpartum fevers were significantly associated with the adverse outcome, and azithromycin was associated with lower rates of readmission and unexpected visits.
Deprivation of glutamine in cell culture reveals its potential for treating cancer
Authors: Rubin Harry 
Published: March 2019

Significance
Transformed Balb 3T3 cells consume glutamine at a much faster rate than nontransformed cells. The stepwise decrease in glutamine concentration is paralleled by the decreased growth rate of the transformed cells. At the lowest concentration of glutamine used here, the transformed cells stop increasing, while the nontransformed cells continue to increase at a relatively rapid rate without visible damage to the cells. Related results were obtained in NIH 3T3 cells during the process of transformed focus formation. Widely varying the background of amino acids and serum concentrations did not alter the basic results. The findings call for similar experiments with a wider range of cell culture types, extension to experimental animals, and clinical trials in human cancers.
Optogenetic reactivation of memory ensembles in the retrosplenial cortex induces systems consolidation
Authors: de Sousa André F. , Cowansage Kiriana K. , Zutshi Ipshita , Cardozo Leonardo M. , Yoo Eun J. , Leutgeb Stefan , Mayford Mark 
Published: March 2019

SignificanceThis study examines a question in memory research that has been extant since the observation of temporally graded retrograde amnesia in patient HM after temporal lobe resection; namely, how does the circuit structure underlying memory change over prolonged periods after initial learning, such that recent memories require the hippocampus whereas older remote memories do not? We use optogenetic reactivation of the neurons active naturally during initial learning (engram neurons) to show that postlearning neural replay can produce this shift in memory. Interestingly, this was only observed in sleeping, not awake, mice. This is consistent with a model in which natural activity in memory ensemble during offline periods results in the circuit change to remote memory.
Networks of electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions modulate the complex folding free energy surface of a designed βα protein
Authors: Basak Sujit , Nobrega R. Paul , Tavella Davide , Deveau Laura M. , Koga Nobuyasu , Tatsumi-Koga Rie , Baker David , Massi Francesca , Matthews C. Robert 
Published: March 2019

Significance
Natural protein sequences have evolved to fold efficiently to their functional forms, traversing a relatively smooth energy surface with minimal frustration. The optimization of stability in de novo-designed proteins, without regard to dynamical processes required for function, can have unintended consequences on energy surfaces. Electrostatic and hydrophobic networks of side chains for Di-III_14, a small βα protein with a natural topology, create a rough energy surface whose high-energy states reflect the progressive unlocking of a tightly packed interior. Unbiased explorations of sequence space can reveal complex properties not seen in natural proteins, expanding our understanding of the relationships among sequence, structure, folding, and function of these ubiquitous biopolymers.
Unifying structural signature of eukaryotic α-helical host defense peptides
Authors: Yount Nannette Y. , Weaver David C. , Lee Ernest Y. , Lee Michelle W. , Wang Huiyuan , Chan Liana C. , Wong Gerard C. L. , Yeaman Michael R. 
Published: March 2019

Significance
The emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens is outpacing development of new antibiotics, which remains a slow and empirical process. Although machine-learning–based metrics exist, no principle-based formulae have been applied to define α-helical host defense peptides (αHDPs). Here, knowledge-based annotation of bioinformatic databases was validated with artificial intelligence methods to converge on a common structural framework for eukaryotic αHDPs. This multidimensional structural formula successfully predicted antimicrobial activity in α-helical peptides and domains embedded in larger proteins that had no previously known antimicrobial activity. The α-core signature provides a foundational definition for evolutionary diversity among αHDPs, sheds light on host defense immunology, and may accelerate the process of antiinfective discovery and development.
Exploring the unification of quantum theory and general relativity with a Bose–Einstein condensate
Authors: Howl Richard , Penrose Roger , Fuentes Ivette 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Despite almost a century’s worth of study, it is still unclear how general relativity (GR) and quantum theory (QT) should be unified into a consistent theory. The conventional approach is to retain the foundational principles of QT, such as the superposition principle, and modify GR. This is referred to as ‘quantizing gravity’, resulting in a theory of ‘quantum gravity’. The opposite approach is ‘gravitizing QT’ where we attempt to keep the principles of GR, such as the equivalence principle, and consider how this leads to modifications of QT. What we are most lacking in understanding which route to take, if either, is experimental guidance. Here we consider using a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) to search for clues. In particular, we study how a single BEC in a superposition of two locations could test a gravitizing QT proposal where wavefunction collapse emerges from a unified theory as an objective process, resolving the measurement problem of QT. Such a modification to QT due to general relativistic principles is testable near the Planck mass scale, which is much closer to experiments than the Planck length scale where quantum, general relativistic effects are traditionally anticipated in quantum gravity theories. Furthermore, experimental tests of this proposal should be simpler to perform than recently suggested experiments that would test the quantizing gravity approach in the Newtonian gravity limit by searching for entanglement between two massive systems that are both in a superposition of two locations.
The Future of Autonomous Vehicles: Lessons from the Literature on Technology Adoption
Authors: Kaplan Scott , Gordon Ben , El Zarwi Feras , Walker Joan L. , Zilberman David 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe introduction and adoption of autonomous vehicles (AVs) will likely reshape the transportation system and many economic activities. The economic literature on technology adoption, based on studies in agriculture and other sectors, provides lessons on the diffusion of AVs and its social and economic impacts. We rely on the threshold model of diffusion, where heterogeneous agents make decisions pursuing their self‐interests. Applications of the threshold model point to case studies of other technologies where one can gain information and make predictions about the future of AVs. We find that private ownership of AVs may prevail after a transition period, as was the case in other technologies like computers, tractors, and conventional vehicles. With technological progress, the cost of privately owning AVs may decline. Further, there will be an increase in vehicle miles traveled (VMT) per capita, there may be more vehicles on the road, and perhaps the transportation user‐base will expand to include those currently facing limited mobility. Congestion is likely to depend on the tradeoff between the expansion of VMT and increased efficiency of AVs to communicate and help regulate traffic. Furthermore, differentiation of vehicles will increase as driving time becomes freed for other activities. These trends may lead to increased greenhouse gas emissions and expansion of the transportation sector. Finally, the technology will evolve and may result in complementary innovations needing to be addressed, including the “last 10 feet” problem. It is evident that the future of the transportation system governed by AVs is most likely not going to be sustainable. This necessitates the importance of developing and enforcing rigorous policies at the metropolitan level and TNC levels to ensure a sustainable evolution of the future of transportation mobility.