bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of a text message intervention to reduce hazardous drinking among injured patients discharged from a trauma ward: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sharpe Sarah , Kool Bridget , Whittaker Robyn , Lee Arier C. , Reid Papaarangi , Civil Ian , Walker Matthew , Thornton Vanessa , Ameratunga Shanthi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractScreening and brief intervention for hazardous alcohol use in trauma care settings is known to reduce alcohol intake and injury recidivism, but is often not implemented due to resource constraints. Brief interventions delivered by mobile phone could overcome this challenge. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a mobile phone text message intervention (YourCallTM) on hazardous drinkers admitted for an injury. The parallel two-group, single-blind, randomised controlled trial enrolled 598 injured patients aged 16–69 years identified as medium-risk drinkers at recruitment. The intervention group (n = 299) received 16 text messages incorporating brief intervention principles in the 4 weeks following discharge from hospital. Controls (n = 299) received usual care and one text message acknowledging participation in the trial. The primary outcome was the difference in hazardous alcohol use (assessed using AUDIT-C) between study groups at 3 months, with the maintenance of effect examined at 6 and 12 months’ follow-up. Data were analysed using a mixed-effects model for repeated measures. Both groups had similar baseline features. Compared to controls, hazardous drinking was significantly lower in the intervention group at 3 months and maintained over the 12-month follow-up period (least squares mean difference in AUDIT-C scores: −0.322; 95% CI: −0.636, −0.008; p = 0.04). The intervention effect was similar among Māori (New Zealand’s indigenous population) and non-Māori (interaction p = 0.59), and among younger (16–29 years) and older (30–69 years) patients (p = 0.77). The effectiveness of this intervention reflects the potential of low cost, scalable mobile health technologies to overcome common barriers in implementing alcohol harm reduction strategies following injury.
Comprehensive inventory of true flies (Diptera) at a tropical site
Authors: Brown Brian V. , Borkent Art , Adler Peter H. , Amorim Dalton de Souza , Barber Kevin , Bickel Daniel , Boucher Stephanie , Brooks Scott E. , Burger John , Burington Zelia L. , Capellari Renato S. , Costa Daniel N. R. , Cumming Jeffrey M. , Curler Greg , Dick Carl W. , Epler John H. , Fisher Eric , Gaimari Stephen D. , Gelhaus Jon , Grimaldi David A. , Hash John , Hauser Martin , Hippa Heikki , Ibáñez-Bernal Sergio , Jaschhof Mathias , Kameneva Elena P. , Kerr Peter H. , Korneyev Valery , Korytkowski Cheslavo A. , Kung Giar-Ann , Kvifte Gunnar Mikalsen , Lonsdale Owen , Marshall Stephen A. , Mathis Wayne , Michelsen Verner , Naglis Stefan , Norrbom Allen L. , Paiero Steven , Pape Thomas , Pereira-Colavite Alessandre , Pollet Marc , Rochefort Sabrina , Rung Alessandra , Runyon Justin B. , Savage Jade , Silva Vera C. , Sinclair Bradley J. , Skevington Jeffrey H. , Stireman III John O. , Swann John , Thompson F. Christian , Vilkamaa Pekka , Wheeler Terry , Whitworth Terry , Wong Maria , Wood D. Monty , Woodley Norman , Yau Tiffany , Zavortink Thomas J. , Zumbado Manuel A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractEstimations of tropical insect diversity generally suffer from lack of known groups or faunas against which extrapolations can be made, and have seriously underestimated the diversity of some taxa. Here we report the intensive inventory of a four-hectare tropical cloud forest in Costa Rica for one year, which yielded 4332 species of Diptera, providing the first verifiable basis for diversity of a major group of insects at a single site in the tropics. In total 73 families were present, all of which were studied to the species level, providing potentially complete coverage of all families of the order likely to be present at the site. Even so, extrapolations based on our data indicate that with further sampling, the actual total for the site could be closer to 8000 species. Efforts to completely sample a site, although resource-intensive and time-consuming, are needed to better ground estimations of world biodiversity based on limited sampling.
Improving Narrative Production in Children With Language Disorders: An Early-Stage Efficacy Study of a Narrative Intervention Program
Authors: Gillam Sandra L. , Olszewski Abbie , Squires Katie , Wolfe Katie , Slocum Timothy , Gillam Ronald B. 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
As noted in this forum, more research is needed to support the work of school-based speech-language pathologists who are designing and implementing interventions for students with language disorders. This article presents the findings of a multiple-baseline, single-subject study that was conducted to assess the outcomes of an intervention designed to improve narrative discourse proficiency for children with language disorders.

Method
Four school-age children with language disorders that included deficits in narration received an experimental version of a 3-phase narrative language intervention program called Supporting Knowledge in Language and Literacy (Gillam, Gillam, & Laing, 2014). Two additional children remained in baseline throughout the study and served as controls for history, testing, and maturation effects. Measures of story productivity (number of different words) and overall story complexity (Monitoring Indicators of Scholarly Language; Gillam, Gillam, Fargo, Olszewski, & Segura, 2016) were used to assess the children's self-generated narratives.

Results
After the onset of treatment, all 4 children who received the narrative intervention made moderate-to-large improvements in narrative productivity (number of different words). Three of the 4 children also made moderate-to-large improvements in narrative complexity (Monitoring Indicators of Scholarly Language). The narrative abilities of the 2 children who did not receive intervention did not change over the course of the study.

Conclusion
This study provides evidence for the feasibility of the Supporting Knowledge in Language and Literacy narrative instruction program for improving self-generated narratives by children with language disorders. Future research is needed to determine how gains in oral narration transfer to written narrative skills.
Neutral gas properties of Lyman continuum emitting galaxies: Column densities and covering fractions from UV absorption lines
Authors: Gazagnes S. , Chisholm J. , Schaerer D. , Verhamme A. , Rigby J. R. , Bayliss M. 
Published: April 2018

Context. The processes allowing the escape of ionizing photons from galaxies into the intergalactic medium are poorly known.
Aims. To understand how Lyman continuum (LyC) photons escape galaxies, we constrain the H I covering fractions and column densities using ultraviolet (UV) H I and metal absorption lines of 18 star-forming galaxies that have Lyman series observations. Nine of these galaxies are confirmed LyC emitters.
Methods. We fit the stellar continuum, dust attenuation, metal, and H I properties to consistently determine the UV attenuation, as well as the column densities and covering factors of neutral hydrogen and metals. We used synthetic interstellar absorption lines to explore the systematics of our measurements. Then we applied our method to the observed UV spectra of low-redshift and z ~ 3 galaxies.
Results. The observed H I lines are found to be saturated in all galaxies. An indirect approach using O I column densities and the observed O/H abundances yields H I column densities of log(NH I) ~ 18.6−20 cm−2. These columns are too high to allow the escape of ionizing photons. We find that the known LyC leakers have H I covering fractions less than unity. Ionizing photons escape through optically thin channels in a clumpy interstellar medium. Our simulations confirm that the H I covering fractions are accurately recovered. The Si II and H I covering fractions scale linearly, in agreement with observations from stacked Lyman break galaxy spectra at z ~ 3. Thus, with an empirical correction, the Si II absorption lines can also be used to determine the H I coverage. Finally, we show that a consistent fitting of dust attenuation, continuum, and absorption lines is required to properly infer the covering fraction of neutral gas and subsequently to infer the escape fraction of ionizing radiation.
Conclusions. These measurements can estimate the LyC escape fraction, as we demonstrate in a companion paper.
Die Auskultation des Thorax und der Lunge
Authors: Sengebusch Jürgen , Herzog Michael 
Published: April 2018

SummaryDie Auskultation der Lunge ist wichtig, um Erkrankungen des Atemapparats zu befunden. Man kann zwischen pathologischen und physiologischen Atemgeräuschen unterscheiden. Die Bronchophonie ist ein Verfahren, das Hinweise über die Dichte des Lungengewebes gibt.
Notlösung Neurodermitis
Authors: Garvelmann Friedemann 
Published: April 2018

SummaryDie Traditionelle Europäische Naturheilkunde (TEN) betrachtet Hauterkrankungen als Ersatzausscheidungen aufgrund blockierter physiologischer Ausscheidungswege. Somit stehen konstitutionelle regulatorische Diagnostik- und Therapiekonzepte im Vordergrund – erst an letzter Stelle folgen symptomatische Maßnahmen. Im Fall Robert M. ließ sich eine stark atopische Reaktionslage mit Konstitutionsmitteln, Ernährungsumstellung, Mikrobiom- und Eigenbluttherapie modifizieren, bis die Ekzeme verschwanden.
Vom Sonnengewürz zum Lichtbringer
Authors: Ghasemi Nikmanesh Forusan 
Published: April 2018

SummaryKurkuma ist fester Bestandteil der traditionellen chinesischen, indischen und orientalischen Medizin und wurde in seiner Wirkung pharmakologisch bestätigt. Mit dem antientzündlichen, isolierten Curcumin und enteral wirksamen Kurkuma-Gewürzmischungen lassen sich zwei Wirkprinzipien synergistisch kombinieren. Bei Entzündungen des inneren Auges (Uveitis) kann die Kurkumatherapie als Begleitbehandlung Entzündungsschübe und Rezidive verringern.
Impact of the Canonical Wnt Pathway Activation on the Pathogenesis and Prognosis of Adamantinomatous Craniopharyngiomas
Authors: Jucá Carlos , Colli Leandro , Martins Clarissa , Campanini Marina , Paixão Beatriz , Jucá Renata , Saggioro Fabiano , de Oliveira Ricardo , Moreira Ayrton , Machado Hélio , Neder Luciano , Antonini Sonir , de Castro Margaret 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
CTNNB1 mutations and abnormal β-catenin distribution are associated with the pathogenesis of adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (aCP). We evaluated the expression of the canonical Wnt pathway components in aCPs and its association with CTNNB1 mutations and tumor progression. Tumor samples from 14 aCP patients and normal anterior pituitary samples from eight individuals without pituitary disease were studied. Gene expression of Wnt pathway activator (WNT4), inhibitors (SFRP1, DKK3, AXIN1, and APC), transcriptional activator (TCF7), target genes (MYC, WISP2, and, CDH1), and Wnt modulator (TP53) was evaluated by qPCR. β-Catenin, MYC, and WISP2 expression was determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The transcription levels of all genes studied, except APC, were higher in aCPs as compared to controls and TCF7 mRNA levels correlated with CTNNB1 mutation. CDH1 mRNA was overexpressed in tumor samples of patients with disease progression in comparison to those with stable disease. β-Catenin was positive and aberrantly distributed in 11 out of 14 tumor samples. Stronger β-catenin immunostaining associated positively with tumor progression. MYC positive staining was found in 10 out of 14 cases, whereas all aCPs were negative for WISP2. Wnt pathway genes were overexpressed in aCPs harboring CTNNB1 mutations and in patients with progressive disease. Recurrence was associated with stronger staining for β-catenin. These data suggest that Wnt pathway activation contributes to the pathogenesis and prognosis of aCPs.
Herzbeteiligung bei rheumatischen Erkrankungen
Authors: Specker C. 
Published: April 2018

ZusammenfassungEntzündlich-rheumatische Erkrankungen können als immunologische Systemerkrankungen in unterschiedlicher Häufigkeit auch zu einer Beteiligung des Herzens führen. Dabei können sämtliche kardialen Strukturen und Funktionen betroffen sein. Die Perikarditis beim Lupus, Mitralklappenfehler beim Antiphospholipidsyndrom, eine Myokarditis oder Coronariitis bei den systemischen Vaskulitiden sind typische Beispiele hierfür. Auch die Entwicklung einer pulmonalen arteriellen Hypertonie bei der Systemsklerose oder die Ausbildung eines kongenitalen AV-Blocks bei Neugeborenen von Müttern mit Lupus sind hierzu zu rechnen. Krankheits- und therapiebedingte kardiovaskuläre Sekundärschäden gewinnen im Langzeitverlauf dieser Erkrankungen zunehmende Bedeutung für Komorbidität und Mortalität.
Lungenbeteiligung bei rheumatischen Erkrankungen
Authors: Krause A. 
Published: April 2018

ZusammenfassungLungenmanifestationen, insbesondere interstitielle Lungenerkrankungen, gehören zu den häufigsten Organbeteiligungen entzündlich-rheumatischer Erkrankungen und sind mit einer erheblichen Morbidität und Mortalität verbunden. Besonders betroffen sind Patienten mit rheumatoider Arthritis, systemischer Sklerose und idiopathischen inflammatorischen Myopathien. Bei diesen Patienten sollte auf pulmonale Symptome geachtet und, abhängig von Grunderkrankung und klinischer Symptomatik, eine weitere Diagnostik insbesondere mittels Lungenfunktionsprüfung und HR-CT der Lunge durchgeführt werden. Die optimale Therapie der pulmonalen Manifestationen ist bisher nicht bekannt. Außer bei der systemischen Sklerose existieren bisher keine kontrollierten Studien. Neben Glukokortikoiden, Cyclophosphamid, Azathioprin und Mycophenolat kommen andere Immunsuppressiva und auch Biologika in kleinen Fallserien erfolgreich zum Einsatz. Die Behandlung sollte in Zusammenarbeit von Rheumatologen und Pneumologen erfolgen.
Pathophysiology of Trousseau’s syndrome
Authors: Dicke C. , Langer F. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryClinically relevant clotting abnormalities in cancer patients are referred to as Trousseau’s syndrome. While thrombotic complications such as venous thromboembolism are most frequent in every day’s practice, cancer patients may also experience severe bleeding symptoms due to complex systemic coagulopathies, including disseminated intravascular coagulation, haemolytic thrombotic microangiopathy, and hyperfibrinolysis. The pathophysiology of Trousseau’s syndrome involves all aspects of Virchow’s triad, but previous basic research has mainly focused on the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying blood hypercoagulability in solid cancers and haematological malignancies. In this regard, over-expression of tissue factor (TF), the principal initiator of the extrinsic coagulation pathway, by primary tumour cells and increased shedding of TF-bearing plasma microparticles are critical to both thrombus formation and cancer progression. However, novel findings on intrinsic contact activation in vivo, such as the release of polyphosphates or DNA by activated platelets and neutrophils, respectively, have pointed to additional pathways in the complex pathophysiology of Trousseau’s syndrome.
The Impact of Insurance Status on the Development of Nonunion following Scaphoid Fracture
Authors: Fenoglio Amy , Bohl Daniel , Gala Raj , Dodds Seth 
Published: April 2018

Purpose Certain factors have been associated with the development of scaphoid nonunion, including delayed diagnosis, smoking, inadequate initial management, proximal location, and carpal instability. We hypothesized that insurance status would also be a risk factor for the development of scaphoid nonunion.
Methods A case–control study was performed on patients who presented to a single surgeon at a tertiary referral center during 2006 to 2015. Cases were patients presenting with nonunions, controls, and patients with acute fractures. Patients were characterized as underinsured if they lacked any type of insurance or if they were on Medicaid.
Results Patients (39 nonunions [cases] and 32 primary fractures [controls]) presenting with nonunions were more likely than controls to have had displaced fractures (72 vs. 41%) and fractures located at the proximal aspect of the scaphoid (18 vs. 0%), and to be underinsured (46 vs. 19%).
Conclusion Patients presenting with nonunions were more likely to be underinsured than patients presenting with primary fractures. This finding suggests that underinsurance is a risk factor for the development of nonunion. Assuming delay between fracture and intervention is a known risk factor for the development of nonunion, and it is likely that the association between nonunion and underinsurance is mediated through this delay.
Level of Evidence Prognostic, level III, case-control study.
Efficacy and Safety of Hylan versus Hyaluronic Acid in the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Dai Wen-Li , Lin Ze-Ming , Guo Dong-Hong , Shi Zhan-Jun , Wang Jian 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to use meta-analytic approach to compare the efficacy and safety of intraarticular hylan and hyaluronic acid (HA) for knee osteoarthritis (OA) treatment. We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane databases through July 2017 to identify Level I randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated clinical efficacy and safety of hylan compared with HA for knee OA. The primary outcomes were Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain, and WOMAC function scores. In each study and for the outcome measures (VAS for pain, WOMAC pain, function and stiffness scores, and Lequesne score), we calculated the treatment effect from the difference between the preintervention and postintervention changes in the hylan and HA groups. Twenty-one RCTs involving 3,058 patients were included. Pooled analysis suggested that compared with HA, hylan was associated with similar pain relief and function improvement in patients with knee OA (VAS for pain: mean difference [MD], –3.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], –9.13 to 3.04; p = 0.33; I
2 = 76%. WOMAC pain score: MD, 0.23; 95% CI, –0.25 to 0.70; p = 0.35; I
2 = 0%. WOMAC function score: MD, –0.47; 95% CI, –6.81 to 5.88; p = 0.88; I
2 = 84%). No significant difference was found comparing the patients with treatment-related adverse events. The relationship was robust in sensitivity analysis and consistent in most of the subgroup analyses. As to the primary outcomes (WOMAC pain, function scores, VAS for pain), the difference between hylan and HA did not reach the previously reported minimum clinically important difference (MCID) values (–13.4 for VAS for pain, –2.0 for WOMAC pain score, –7.7 for WOMAC function score). Our meta-analysis showed that there were no statistically and clinically significant differences in pain relief and function improvement between hylan and HA injections for knee OA treatment. In view of its higher costs, we discourage the use of hylan in patients with knee OA in clinical practice. The level of evidence is I, meta-analysis of Level I studies.
Renal Impairment, Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism and Bleeding in Cancer Patients with Acute Venous Thromboembolism—Analysis of the CATCH Study
Authors: Lee Agnes , Kamphuisen Pieter , Meyer Guy , Janas Mette , Jarner Mikala , Khorana Alok , Bauersachs Rupert ,   on behalf of the CATCH Investigators
Published: April 2018

Objective This article assesses the impact of renal impairment (RI) on the efficacy and safety of anticoagulation in patients with cancer-associated thrombosis from the Comparison of Acute Treatments in Cancer Hemostasis (CATCH) study (NCT01130025).
Materials and Methods Renal function was assessed using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation in patients with cancer-associated thrombosis who received either tinzaparin (175 IU/kg) once daily or warfarin for 6 months, in an open-label, randomized, multi-centre trial with blinded adjudication of outcomes. Associations between baseline RI (glomerular filtration rate [GFR] <60 mL/min/1.73m2) and recurrent symptomatic or incidental venous thromboembolism (VTE), clinically relevant bleeding (CRB), major bleeding and death were assessed using Fisher's exact test.
Results Baseline-centralized GFR data were available for 864 patients (96% of study population). RI was found in 131 patients (15%; n = 69 tinzaparin). Recurrent VTE occurred in 14% of patients with and 8% of patients without RI (relative risk [RR] 1.74; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06, 2.85), CRB in 19% and 14%, respectively (RR 1.33; 95% CI 0.90, 1.98), major bleeding in 6.1% and 2.0%, respectively (RR 2.98; 95% CI 1.29, 6.90) and mortality rate was 40% and 34%, respectively (RR 1.20; 95% CI 0.94, 1.53). Patients with RI on tinzaparin showed no difference in recurrent VTE, CRB, major bleeding or mortality rates versus those on warfarin.
Conclusion RI in patients with cancer-associated thrombosis on anticoagulation was associated with a statistically significant increase in recurrent VTE and major bleeding, but no significant increase in CRB or mortality. No differences were observed between long-term tinzaparin therapy and warfarin.
Platelet Inhibition and Bleeding in Patients Undergoing Non-Cardiac Surgery—The BIANCA Observational Study
Authors: Mahla Elisabeth , Metzler Helfried , Bornemann-Cimenti Helmar , Prueller Florian , Raggam Reinhard , Pregartner Gudrun , Berghold Andrea , Baumann Anneliese , Goeroeg Christian , Gurbel Paul 
Published: April 2018

AbstractNearly 20% of patients will need non-cardiac surgery within 1 year of coronary stenting and their management is complicated by concomitant antiplatelet therapy. Platelet function testing may optimize the timing of surgery in these patients. In this prospective observational study, we explored the association between platelet reactivity and bleeding in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery treated with clopidogrel with or without aspirin within 7 days before surgery. The timing of surgery was at the surgeon's discretion. Blood was drawn at induction of anaesthesia and platelet reactivity assessed by light transmittance aggregometry (LTA), vasodilator stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) assay, Multiplate Analyzer and Innovance PFA-200. The primary endpoint was surgery-related thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) bleeding. Among 197 patients enrolled, 72 and 12% underwent surgery within 24 and 48 hours of the last dose of clopidogrel, respectively. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) for pre-operative maximal adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced aggregation was 33.0% (21.0–57.5%), for VASP-platelet reactivity index was 61.5% (40.1–75.4%), for Multiplate was 22.0 (14.5–36.0) U*min and for Innovance PFA-200 was 224 (101.0–300.0) seconds. TIMI bleeding, observed in 25% of patients, decreased with increasing tertiles of platelet reactivity to ADP assessed by LTA (p = 0.031). Additionally, in a multivariable logistic regression analysis, platelet reactivity to ADP assessed by LTA was significantly associated with TIMI bleeding, as were age and urgency of surgery. These results demonstrate that in clopidogrel-treated patients, pre-operative platelet reactivity to ADP is associated with surgical bleeding risk. An objective assessment of pre-operative platelet function may optimize the timing of non-cardiac surgery in these patients.
Approach to the Surgical Theater: Epidemiological Survey in Orthopaedic Italian Private Hospitals
Authors: Boniforti Filippo , Adriani Ezio 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSurgeons prepare for surgery in a reliable and reproducible manner and according to the guidelines published by the international health institutions. An epidemiological survey on 127 surgeons has shown that in everyday practice they have to follow the most recent knowledge based on evidence-based medicine (EBM) guidelines. However, more standardized approach to the surgical theater practices have to be defined by our health caregivers.