bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inverse eigenvalue problems for acyclic matrices whose graph is a dense centipede
Authors: Sharma Debashish , Sen Mausumi 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The reconstruction of a matrix having a pre-defined structure from given spectral data is known as an inverse eigenvalue problem (IEP). In this paper, we consider two IEPs involving the reconstruction of matrices whose graph is a special type of tree called a centipede. We introduce a special type of centipede called dense centipede.We study two IEPs concerning the reconstruction of matrices whose graph is a dense centipede from given partial eigen data. In order to solve these IEPs, a new system of nomenclature of dense centipedes is developed and a new scheme is adopted for labelling the vertices of a dense centipede as per this nomenclature . Using this scheme of labelling, any matrix of a dense centipede can be represented in a special form which we define as a connected arrow matrix. For such a matrix, we derive the recurrence relations among the characteristic polynomials of the leading principal submatrices and use them to solve the above problems. Some numerical results are also provided to illustrate the applicability of the solutions obtained in the paper.
Tiered Certification
Authors: Lavie Shay 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
This Article proposes a thought-experiment with regard to the administration of class actions. It is almost axiomatic that class actions are determined through a single “certification.” However, class actions can be certified through a tiered certification, e.g., a preliminary certification on a more lenient standard, followed by a full certification. Flattening the certification process allows a richer set of solutions to familiar dilemmas. Currently, a noncertified class does not bar subsequent certification attempts. Focusing on this problem, this Article demonstrates that tiered certification is a superior solution — members of a class that passed the first certification but not the second receive at least minimal procedural protection and thus could be precluded from serial certification attempts. More generally, tiered certification can better handle several species of collective litigation, which can be referred to as semi-class actions. Collective proceedings, whose certification costs are greater than their social benefit, do not justify a comprehensive class treatment. But to the extent that these cases entail some modest social value, they deserve to pass a less onerous, preliminary certification. The Article discusses cases that fit this pattern, for instance prospective, class-wide relief for technical regulatory violations.
Can and Should the New Third-Party Litigation Financing Come to Class Actions?
Authors: Fitzpatrick Brian T. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
In the United States, there has been tremendous growth in a form of third-party litigation financing where investors buy pieces of lawsuits from plaintiffs. Many scholars believe that this new financing helps to balance the risk tolerance of plaintiffs and defendants and thereby facilitates the resolution of litigation in a way that more closely tracks the goals of the substantive law. In this Article, I ask whether these risk-balancing virtues of claim investing carry over into class action cases. This is a question that has not yet been addressed by scholars because many think it is not possible for financiers to buy pieces of class action lawsuits in the United States. But I show that such investments are neither impractical nor unethical; indeed, it appears that they are already here. It is therefore worth considering whether the investments confer the same social benefits they do in other cases. I argue that although class members do not need a risk transfer device in class action cases because they are almost always risk-neutral in light of their small losses, their lawyers do need such a device. Although this does not necessarily mean that claim investing is socially desirable overall in class actions, the social costs that have thus far been identified with claim investing seem modest compared to the benefits.
Synthesis and structural characterization of a series of uranyl-betaine coordination complexes
Authors: Smith Philip A. , Spano Tyler L. , Burns Peter C. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTrimethylglycine and betainium class ionic liquids were employed in synthesizing six uranyl-betaine coordination complexes: [(μ2-(CH3)N2C3H3(CH2COO))2(UO2(Cl)((CH3)N2C3H3(CH2COO)))2] 2[N(SO2CF3)2] (1), [K][UO2(Cl)3((CH3)3NCH2COO)] (2), [(CH3)3NCH2COOH][UO2(Cl)3((CH3)3NCH2COO)]⋅H2O (3), [LiUO2(μ2-(CH3)3NCH2COO)4] 3[N(SO2CF3)2] (4) {(μ2-(CH3)3NCH2COO)UO2(NO3)2((CH3)3NCH2COO)}2UO2(NO3)2, UO2(NO3)2(H2O)2⋅H2O (5), and UO2(Cl)2(H2O)(μ2-(CH3)3NCH2COO) (6). These complexes expound upon the variability ofmonocarboxyl-functionalized uranyl coordination complexes, providing an enhanced framework for investigations into the structural chemistry of analogous actinyl systems.
Multiple Applications of a Transient CRISPR-Cas9 Coupled with Electroporation (TRACE) System in the Cryptococcus neoformans Species Complex
Authors: Fan Yumeng , Lin Xiaorong 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans is a fungal pathogen that claims hundreds of thousands of lives annually. Targeted genetic manipulation through biolistic transformation in C. neoformans drove the investigation of this clinically important pathogen at the molecular level. Although costly and inefficient, biolistic transformation remains the major method for editing the Cryptococcus genome as foreign DNAs introduced by other methods such as electroporation are predominantly not integrated into the genome. Although the majority of DNAs introduced by biolistic transformation are stably inherited, the transformation efficiency and the homologous integration rate (∼1–10%) are low. Here, we developed a Transient CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat)-Cas9 coupled with Electroporation (TRACE) system for targeted genetic manipulations in the C. neoformans species complex. This method took advantages of efficient genome integration due to double-strand breaks created at specific sites by the transient CRISPR-Cas9 system and the high transformation efficiency of electroporation. We demonstrated that TRACE can efficiently generate precise single-gene deletion mutants using the ADE2 locus as an example. This system can also effectively delete multiple genes in a single transformation, as evident by the successful generation of quadruple mfα1Δ2Δ3Δ4Δ mutants. In addition to generating gene deletion mutants, we complemented the ade2Δ mutant by integrating a wild-type ADE2 allele at the “safe haven” region (SH2) via homologous recombination using TRACE. Interestingly, introduced DNAs can be inserted at a designated genetic site without any homologous sequences, opening up numerous other applications. We expect that TRACE, an efficient, versatile, and cost-effective gene editing approach, will greatly accelerate research in this field.
Letramento acadêmico em inglês e em português: um estudo de atividades avaliativas provenientes de disciplinas de um curso de graduação de uma instituição americana e uma brasileira
Authors: Ornellas Luciana Lorandi Honorato de 
Published: February 2018

The paper analyses how academic literacy is promoted in academic writing assignments using genres. The context of the study is that of undergraduate disciplines in the field of Biological Sciences. The disciplines take place in an American institution and in a Brazilian federal one. The data were drawn from pedagogical and evaluative documents that were analysed by content analysis. The data collected from the American institution showed that genres are used as a vehicle to integrate knowledge, and also todemonstrate information. Relating to national context, genres are used to demonstrate information. It can be concluded that, in the American institution, academic literacy occurs in an ideological way in the disciplines, since writing is developed making use of genres that are explored as a social practice. Nevertheless, in the Brazilian institution, academic literacy is developed in an autonomous way, due to the absence of the teaching of writing in the disciplines, probably because it is considered thatstudents already know how to write. In brief, this investigation intends to clarify academic literacy practices in different academic contexts in order to bring insight to other researchers and practitioners on how this issue has been dealt with, and what are the strengths and the weaknesses of such practices.
Cabozantinib in Patients with Advanced Merkel Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Rabinowits Guilherme , Lezcano Cecilia , Catalano Paul J. , McHugh Patricia , Becker Hailey , Reilly Megan M. , Huang Julian , Tyagi Ayushi , Thakuria Manisha , Bresler Scott C. , Sholl Lynette M. , Shapiro Geoffrey I. , Haddad Robert , DeCaprio James A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundThis study sought to determine the efficacy and safety profile of cabozantinib in patients with advanced Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC).Experimental DesignThis prospective, phase II, single-institution trial enrolled patients with platinum-failure, recurrent/metastatic MCC to receive cabozantinib 60 mg orally daily until disease progression, withdrawal from study, or severe toxicity. The primary endpoint was disease control rate. Secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and toxicity. Immunohistochemistry for VEGFR-2, MET, and HGF expression and next-generation sequencing of tumor tissue were performed and correlated with outcome.ResultsEight patients were accrued from January 24, 2014, to June 8, 2016. The study was closed prematurely because of toxicity and lack of responses. The most frequent adverse events were grades 1 and 2 and included anorexia, fatigue, nausea, hypothyroidism, and dysgeusia. Two patients developed nonhealing, painful ulcers and tumor-skin fistula. One patient had stable disease for 8 months. One patient withdrew from the study after 2 weeks of therapy because of adverse events. Three patients required dose reduction because of toxicity. Median PFS and OS were 2.1 and 11.2 months, respectively. No expression of MET, HGF, or VEGFR-2 was identified in tumor cells by immunohistochemistry of patients’ tissue samples.ConclusionCabozantinib was poorly tolerated and did not demonstrate activity in patients with recurrent/metastatic, platinum-failure MCC. It is unclear whether preselection of patients with the specific upregulation or genetic alteration in the targets for cabozantinib would have changed the results of this study. (Clinical trial identification number: NCT02036476)Implications for PracticeThis phase II study demonstrated poor tolerability and lack of activity of cabozantinib in an unselected group of patients with advanced Merkel cell carcinoma. Although it is unclear whether preselection of patients with the specific upregulation and genetic alterations in targets for cabozantinib would have changed the results of this study, this would have likely led to an extremely rare patient population that would take many years to accrue.
Fighting for Equity and Community in an Urban Research University
Authors: Ho Mary , Sanchez George 
Published: February 2018

The equity lens evaluates institutional barriers that prevent students of color from gaining access to resources for college success (Bensimon, 2005). The first-generation college students at the University of Southern California are 16% of the total student body and students of color comprise two-thirds of this population. Since 2008, how to support first generation college students of color in their academic achievement and college success once in college has expanded the discussion beyond access. By evaluating institutional structures through the equity lens, the response has been to create intentional academic and social programs for first generation college students of color that bridge the academic and student services divide. Through descriptions of actual programs and stories from students affected by these programs, this essay will discuss innovative approaches to serving first-generation students of color at predominantly white universities.
Unstable C1 Fracture Managed with Internal Fixation Using Lateral Mass Screws
Authors: Yu Jonathan C. , Niemeier Thomas E. , Manoharan Sakthivel R. 
Published: February 2018

Case:
A 47-year-old woman presented with an unstable C1 fracture after falling down several stairs. She was found to have a sagittal split fracture of the right C1 lateral mass extending into the posterior arch. The fracture was treated with a direct posterior osteosynthesis of C1 using lateral mass screws.

Conclusion:
Surgical management of unstable C1 fractures has traditionally involved posterior fusion of C1 to C2 or fusion from the occiput to C2. These fusion procedures can be quite functionally limiting. Recently, direct osteosynthesis of C1 has been shown to be an effective, motion-preserving alternative.
Isolated Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction with Semitendinosus Tendon Allograft
Authors: Ridley Taylor J. , Macalena Jeffrey A. , Arendt Elizabeth A. 
Published: February 2018

Background:
Medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction is recommended to surgically stabilize the patella against excessive lateral patellar translation. It is currently the cornerstone of treatment for recurrent lateral patellar instability. The MPFL is often disrupted during acute patellar dislocations but may also be attenuated in the setting of recurrent lateral instability. Numerous techniques have been developed with the primary goal of restoring the static function of the MPFL in resisting lateral translation of the patella during early flexion of the knee. There are now numerous options for the surgical technique, fixation devices, and graft choice, with equal clinical results as long as key surgical principles are maintained
1
. This article provides a step-by-step description of our preferred technique as well as offering technical pearls and a review of patient outcomes.

Description:
The MPFL is reconstructed anatomically using a hamstring allograft or autograft with an ideal width of 4 to 5 mm. The graft is secured to the femur with an interference screw at its anatomic insertion point, which can be defined by radiographic or anatomic landmarks, is passed through the soft tissues between the capsule and the medial retinaculum/vastus medialis oblique muscles, and is secured to the superomedial patellar border.

Alternatives:
Nonoperative treatment of lateral patellar dislocations is associated with recurrent dislocation rates of 35% to 50%; surgical treatment for recurrent dislocations has afforded improved patient outcomes
2,3
. In general, there are 3 surgical options to restore the function of the MPFL. Historically, acute repair was thought to offer the MFPL a chance to “heal” and resume its function; however, the literature has failed to support this as a reliable option in the setting of lateral patellar instability
4
. Similarly, delayed tightening or imbrication of the MPFL in the setting of chronic laxity has not demonstrated worthwhile clinical results
5
. MPFL reconstruction with a graft, as described here, has provided the most consistent outcomes.

Rationale:
Isolated reconstruction of the MPFL is indicated for patients with a history consistent with recurrent lateral patellar instability and a physical examination demonstrating excessive lateral patellar translation. Patients with high-grade trochlear dysplasia and patella alta may be better treated with concomitant osseous procedures such as trochleoplasty or tibial tubercle osteotomy.
Dimensionality and Determinants of Self-Reported Cognitive Failures
Authors: Tirre William C. 
Published: February 2018

This research examined the dimensionality and the correlates of self-reported cognitive failures. The first goal was to determine what factors, in addition to a general one, are needed to explain self-reported cognitive failures. To explore this issue, both Rasch measurement and confirmatory factor analysis were employed. The second goal was to determine if cognitive failures might be predicted with personality factors, general cognitive ability, and the need for cognition. A sample of 552 USAF airmen responded to the Broadbent Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ), a Big-Five personality inventory, the Abstract Reasoning Test, the Speeded Cognitive Ability Test, and the Need for Cognition survey. Both Rasch modeling and confirmatory factor analysis indicated that a single factor dominated CFQ responses. Regression analysis showed that CFQ responses were predicted well by personality factors (R = .60).
Monitoring Interactions Inside Cells by Advanced Spectroscopies: Overview of Copper Transporters and Cisplatin
Authors: Lasorsa Alessia , Natile Giovanni , Rosato Antonio , Tadini-Buoninsegni Francesco , Arnesano Fabio 
Published: February 2018

Background:
Resistance, either at the onset of the treatment or developed after
an initial positive response, is a major limitation of antitumor therapy. In the case of platinum-
based drugs, copper transporters have been found to interfere with drug trafficking
by facilitating the import or favoring the platinum export and inactivation.

Methods:
The use of powerful spectroscopic, spectrometric and computational methods
has allowed a deep structural insight into the mode of interaction of platinum drugs with
the metal-binding domains of the transporter proteins.

Results:
This review article focuses on the mode in which platinum drugs can compete
with copper ion for binding to transport proteins and consequent structural and biological
effects. Three types of transporters are discussed in detail: copper transporter 1 (Ctr1), the
major responsible for Cu+ uptake; antioxidant-1 copper chaperone (Atox1), responsible
for copper transfer within the cytoplasm; and copper ATPases (ATP7A/B), responsible
for copper export into specific subcellular compartments and outside the cell.

Conclusion:
The body of knowledge summarized in this review can help in shaping current
chemotherapy to optimize the efficacy of platinum drugs (particularly in relation to
resistance) and to mitigate adverse effects on copper metabolism.
Pharmacoinformatics and Molecular Docking Studies Reveal Potential Novel Compounds Against Schizophrenia by Target SYN II
Authors: Tahir Rana Adnan , Sehgal Sheikh Arslan 
Published: February 2018

Background:
Synapsin II regulates neurotransmitter release from mature nerve terminals
and plays important role in the formation of new nerve terminals. The associations of SYN II are
identified in various studies that are linked to the onset of Schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is characterized
by abnormal behavior like obsession, dampening of emotions and auditory hallucination.

Methods:
The bioinformatics approaches were utilized for structural modeling and docking analyses
of SYN II followed by pharmacophore generation to identify potent inhibitors.

Results:
The comparative modeling approach was employed to generate the 3D model having
82.404% quality factor calculated by Errat. Pharmacophore was constructed by utilizing merge
molecular and chemical features of selected five FDA approved Schizophrenia drugs by
LigandScout 4.1.5. Comparative docking analyses were performed by utilizing the selected drugs
and top screened hits by GOLD and AutoDock Vina.

Conclusion:
It was proposed that Aripiprazole drug and scrutinized compounds have strong binding
affinities among the other selected drugs. The reported compounds may be used for further analyses
in the drug discovery processes, as they have shown good human intestinal absorption and are noncarcinogenic.
The present study provides the structural insights which may be used for further
understating of the Schizophrenia therapeutic purposes by targeting SYN II and other inhibitors
haunting.
A Colorimetric Sensor for Dopamine Detection Based on Peroxidase-like Activity of Ce2(MoO4)3 Nanoplates
Authors: Rahimi-Nasrabadi Mehdi , Hosseini Morteza , Keihan Amir Homayoun , Ganjali Mohammad Reza 
Published: February 2018

Introduction:
Artificial enzyme mimics are materials with similar catalytic function of natural
enzymes. Among several types of artificial enzymes, nanomaterial-based products or nanozymes
have been of particular interest to researchers.

Materials and Methods:
In this work, Ce2(MoO4)3 nanoplates were synthesized via a one-pot hydrothermal
approach. SEM and EDS characterizations show a plated-like architecture with high purity.
These nanoplates are shown to have an intrinsic peroxidase-mimetic activity. In the presence of H2O2,
Ce2(MoO4)3 nanoplates could catalyse the oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) with high
performance to produce a blue dye (with an absorbance maximum at 652 nm). Dopamine (DA) has
some reducibility due to the phenol hydroxyl group, which results in using H2O2 and causing the blue
shallowing of the reaction solution by inhibiting the reaction between H2O2 and TMB. Based on that, a
visual, sensitive and simple colorimetric method using Ce2(MoO4)3 nanoplates as peroxidase mimics
was developed for detecting DA.

Results and Conclusions:
Suitable linear relationship for DA was obtained from 0.1 to 10 µM. The
limit of detection (LOD) of the proposed method was calculated as 0.05 µM and the relative standard
deviation (RSD) was less than 4.0%. The proposed method was successfully applied to DA detection in
human serum sample.
Evaluation of N-benzoylthiourea derivatives as popssible analgesic agents by predicting their hysicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties, toxicity, and analgesic activity
Authors: Hardjono Suko , Siswandono Siswandono , Andayani Rina 
Published: February 2018

This study aimed to predict the physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetic properties (ADME), toxicity, and analgesic activity of 30 compounds of N-benzoylthiourea derivatives that are potential analgesic drugs. One of the mechanisms of action of N-benzoylthiourea derivatives is the inhibition of the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) isoenzyme. An in silico test was performed by docking a compound that would predict its activity with the target COX-2 isoenzyme, PDB ID: 1PXX, using the MVD (Molegro Virtual Docker) program. The result of the docking was a form of energy bond indicated by the value of the rerank score (RS), where compounds that had lower RS values were predicted to have a higher activity. The pkCSM and Protox online tools were used to predict various physicochemical properties. Based on the RS values, the N-benzoylthiourea derivatives can be predicted to have lower analgesic activity than diclofenac, the reference ligand. Three of the N-benzoylthiourea derivatives—N-(2,4-bis-trifluoromethyl)-benzoylthiourea, N-(3,5-bis-trifluoromethyl)benzoylthiourea, and N-(3-trifluoromethoxy)-benzoylthiourea—had RS values of -90.82, -94.73, and -92.76, respectively, suggesting that these compounds were predicted to have analgesic activity relatively similar to diclofenac (RS value = -95.16). Furthermore, the majority of the N-benzoylthiourea derivatives were predicted to have good pharmacokinetic properties (ADME), and cause relatively low toxicity.
Editorial Foreword: IKAT on the Right Track
Authors: Robie David 
Published: February 2018

This is the second edition of IKAT: The Indonesian Journal of Southeast Asian Studies and I have been honoured with a request to write an editorial foreword for this welcome addition to global research publishing with a focus on a region facing important challenges and interesting times. I thank Dr. phil. Hermin Indah Wahyuni, Dr. Vissia Ita Yulianto and her editorial colleagues for the invitation and opportunity to collaborate with this quality research initiative. The Center of Southeast Asian Social Studies (CESASS) at the Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, must be commended for launching such a valuable publication. The Pacific Media Centre at Aotearoa/New Zealand’s Auckland University of Technology (AUT) is proud to be associated with the venture.