bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacy‐based interdisciplinary intervention for patients with chronic heart failure: results of the PHARM‐CHF randomized controlled trial
Authors: Schulz Martin , Griese‐Mammen Nina , Anker Stefan D. , Koehler Friedrich , Ihle Peter , Ruckes Christian , Schumacher Pia M. , Trenk Dietmar , Böhm Michael , Laufs Ulrich ,   for the PHARM‐CHF Investigators
Published: May 2019

AimsMedication non‐adherence is frequent and is associated with high morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). We investigated whether an interdisciplinary intervention improves adherence in elderly CHF patients.Methods and resultsThe study population (mean age 74 years, 62% male, mean left ventricular ejection fraction 47%, 52% in New York Heart Association class III) consisted of 110 patients randomized into the pharmacy care and 127 into the usual care group. The median follow‐up was 2.0 years (interquartile range 1.2–2.7). The pharmacy care group received a medication review followed by regular dose dispensing and counselling. Control patients received usual care. The primary endpoint was medication adherence as proportion of days covered (PDC) within 365 days for three classes of heart failure medications (beta‐blockers, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists). The main secondary outcome was the proportion of adherent patients (PDC ≥ 80%). The primary safety endpoint was days lost due to unplanned cardiovascular hospitalizations (blindly adjudicated) or death. Pharmacy care compared with usual care resulted in an absolute increase in mean adherence to three heart failure medications for 365 days [adjusted difference 5.7%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.6–9.8, P = 0.007]. The proportion of patients classified as adherent increased (odds ratio 2.9, 95% CI 1.4–5.9, P = 0.005). Pharmacy care improved quality of life after 2 years (adjusted difference in Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire scores −7.8 points (−14.5 to −1.1; P = 0.02), compared to usual care. Pharmacy care did not affect the safety endpoints of hospitalizations or deaths.ConclusionPharmacy care safely improved adherence to heart failure medications and quality of life.
Clinical practice update on heart failure 2019: pharmacotherapy, procedures, devices and patient management. An expert consensus meeting report of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology
Authors: Seferovic Petar M. , Ponikowski Piotr , Anker Stefan D. , Bauersachs Johann , Chioncel Ovidiu , Cleland John G.F. , de Boer Rudolf A. , Drexel Heinz , Ben Gal Tuvia , Hill Loreena , Jaarsma Tiny , Jankowska Ewa A. , Anker Markus S. , Lainscak Mitja , Lewis Basil S. , McDonagh Theresa , Metra Marco , Milicic Davor , Mullens Wilfried , Piepoli Massimo F. , Rosano Giuseppe , Ruschitzka Frank , Volterrani Maurizio , Voors Adriaan A. , Filippatos Gerasimos , Coats Andrew J.S. 
Published: May 2019

The European Society of Cardiology (ESC) has published a series of guidelines on heart failure (HF) over the last 25 years, most recently in 2016. Given the amount of new information that has become available since then, the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC recognized the need to review and summarise recent developments in a consensus document. Here we report from the HFA workshop that was held in January 2019 in Frankfurt, Germany. This expert consensus report is neither a guideline update nor a position statement, but rather a summary and consensus view in the form of consensus recommendations. The report describes how these guidance statements are supported by evidence, it makes some practical comments, and it highlights new research areas and how progress might change the clinical management of HF. We have avoided re‐interpretation of information already considered in the 2016 ESC/HFA guidelines.Specific new recommendations have been made based on the evidence from major trials published since 2016, including sodium–glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes mellitus, MitraClip for functional mitral regurgitation, atrial fibrillation ablation in HF, tafamidis in cardiac transthyretin amyloidosis, rivaroxaban in HF, implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators in non‐ischaemic HF, and telemedicine for HF. In addition, new trial evidence from smaller trials and updated meta‐analyses have given us the chance to provide refined recommendations in selected other areas.Further, new trial evidence is due in many of these areas and others over the next 2 years, in time for the planned 2021 ESC guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure.
Clinical significance of high‐mobility group box‐1 (HMGB1) in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) combined with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Authors: Huang Jiayi , Zeng Tingting , Tian Yongjian , Wu Yang , Yu Jianlin , Pei Zihuan , Tan Liming 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundSimple method to predict type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) combined with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is in great need clinically. This study aims to assess the clinical significance of high‐mobility group box‐1 (HMGB1) in predicting T2DM combined with COPD in Chinese patients with T2DM or COPD.MethodsSerum concentrations of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin (FINS), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐c), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐c), C‐reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen (FIB), HMGB1, white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil% (NEU%), and lung function text such as forced expiratory volume 1/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) and forced expiratory volume 1% predicted value (FEV1%pred) were measured in 126 T2DM patients, 118 COPD patients, 112 T2DM combined with COPD patients, and 120 healthy controls. Logistic regression was used to estimate the risk factors for T2DM combined with COPD.ResultsHigh‐mobility group box‐1 elevated in patients with T2DM combined with COPD, significantly higher than other subjects (P < 0.05), and differences in HMGB1 also existed between patients with T2DM or COPD and healthy individuals (P < 0.01). HMGB1 was positively correlated with HOMA‐IR, FBG, and HbA1c (P < 0.01) and negatively correlated with FEV1/FVC and FEV1%pred (P < 0.01). Logistic regression showed that HMGB1 was identified to be independent risk factor for T2DM combined with COPD.ConclusionHigh‐mobility group box‐1 was independent risk factor for T2DM combined with COPD and can be served to predict the occurrence of T2DM combined with COPD.
Survey of knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting among community pharmacists in Selangor, Malaysia
Authors: Zin Rosdi Md , Hong Yet Hoi , Ming Long Chiau , Khan Tahir Mehmood , Dali Ahmad Fauzi , Neoh Chin Fen 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundCommunity pharmacists play a pivotal role in adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting because they provide services to a large proportion of the community. Although ADR reporting by healthcare providers in Malaysia is increasing, few ADR reports are submitted by community pharmacists.AimThis study assessed the knowledge, attitudes and practice of ADR reporting, as well as barriers and facilitators of ADR reporting, among community pharmacists in Malaysia.MethodsA cross‐sectional 52‐item validated questionnaire was distributed to 278 community pharmacists in Selangor, Malaysia, in 2015. Multistage sampling was performed whereby community pharmacists from three of the nine administrative districts in the region were eligible for inclusion. Community pharmacies were then randomly sampled from the selected districts. Data are reported using descriptive statistics.ResultsA total of 219 pharmacists responded to the survey, giving a response rate of 78.8%. These community pharmacists self‐reported a positive attitude towards ADR reporting. Nevertheless, less than half (34.2%; n = 75) had previously reported an ADR. Lack of information provided by the patient, insufficient clinical knowledge and uncertainty relating to the association between the adverse reaction and the drug were the main barriers to ADR reporting.ConclusionsThe attitude and practices among community pharmacists indicates there is room for improvement in ADR reporting in Malaysia. Ongoing education and training on ADR reporting for community pharmacists is required to ensure delivery of high‐quality care to the community.
Aerobic Training in Young Men Increases the Transfer of Cholesterol to High Density Lipoprotein In Vitro: Impact of High Density Lipoprotein Size
Authors: da Silva Jeferson L. , Maranhão Raul C. , Silva Michelle S.M. , Dias Rodrigo G. , Freitas Fatima R. , Bolani Wladimir , Lemos Junior José R. , Alves Cleber R. , Oliveira Patrícia A. , Alves Guilherme B. , Oliveira Edilamar M. , Negrao Carlos Eduardo , Krieger José Eduardo , Pereira Alexandre C. , Silva Gisele A. , Souza José P. , Vinagre Carmen G.C. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractExercise training not only improves the plasma lipid profile but also reduces risk of developing coronary heart disease. We investigate whether plasma lipids and high density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism are affected by aerobic training and whether the high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) levels at baseline influence exercise‐induced changes in HDL. Seventy‐one male sedentary volunteers were evaluated and allocated in two subgroups, according to the HLD‐C levels (< or >40 mg/dL). Participants underwent an 18‐week aerobic training period. Blood was sampled before and after training for biochemical analysis. Plasma lipids, apolipoproteins, HDL diameter, and VO2 peak were determined. Lipid transfers to HDL were determined in vitro by incubating plasma samples with a donor lipid artificial nanoemulsion. After the 18‐week period of aerobic training, the VO2 peak increased, while the mean body mass index (BMI) decreased. HDL‐C concentration was higher after the training period, but low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) and non‐HDL‐C did not change. The transfer of esterified cholesterol and phospholipids was greater after exercise training, but the triacylglycerol and unesterified cholesterol transfers were unchanged. The HDL particle diameter increased after aerobic training in all participants. When the participants were separated in low‐HDL and normal‐HDL groups, the postaerobic exercise increment in HDL‐C was higher in the low‐HDL group, while the transfer of esterified cholesterol was lower. In conclusion, aerobic exercise training increases the lipid transfers to HDL, as measured by an in vitro method, which possibly contributes to the classical elevation of the HDL‐C associated with training.
Treatment of Café‐Au‐Lait Spots Using Q‐Switched Alexandrite Laser: Analysis of Clinical Characteristics of 471 Children in Mainland China
Authors: Zhang Bin , Chu Yan , Xu Zigang , Sun Yujuan , Li Li , Han Xiaofeng , Wang Chen , Wei Li , Liu Yuanxiang , Ma Lin 
Published: May 2019

Background and ObjectivesCafé‐au‐lait spots, also known as café‐au‐lait macules (CALMs), are a common pigmentary disorder. Although various laser modalities have been used to treat CALMs, the efficacy of laser treatment in children differs from that in adults. We investigated the efficacy, safety, and clinical factors of the treatment of CALMs using Q‐switched alexandrite laser (755 nm) therapy in children.MethodsIn total, 471 children with CALMs underwent Q‐switched alexandrite laser therapy at a treatment interval of 3–12 months. The safety and efficacy of the laser treatment were evaluated by reviewing clinical records and photographs before and after treatments.ResultsOf the 471 patients, 140 (29.72%) were cured completely, 124 (26.33%) showed substantial improvement, 110 (23.35%) showed improvement, and 97 (20.60%) showed no improvement after one to nine treatments. The overall treatment success rate was 79.41%, and the treatment efficacy was positively correlated with the number of laser treatments (rs = 0.26, P < 0.0001). Sex and the interval of laser treatments were also associated with significant differences in treatment outcomes (P < 0.05). No obvious adverse effects were observed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the number of treatments influenced the treatment efficacy (odds ratio, 2.130; 95% confidence interval, 1.561–2.908).ConclusionsQ‐switched alexandrite laser (755 nm) therapy is safe and highly effective for CALMs in children, and the number of treatments affects the treatment efficacy. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 The Authors. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Differential Anti‐Adipogenic Effects of Eicosapentaenoic and Docosahexaenoic Acids in Obesity
Authors: Zhuang Pan , Lu Yanhua , Shou Qiyang , Mao Lei , He Lilin , Wang Jun , Chen Jingnan , Zhang Yu , Jiao Jingjing 
Published: May 2019

ScopeTo assess the associations of plasma eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) with body fat in a population‐based sample and explore the mechanism of action based on browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) in high‐fat‐diet‐induced obese (DIO) mice and 3T3‐L1 adipocytes.Methods and resultsPlasma EPA and DHA of 1719 adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003–2004) are determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry, while total body fat is measured by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. DIO mice are fed a high‐fat diet supplemented with EPA or DHA (1% wt/wt) for 15 weeks and 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes are treated with EPA or DHA during differentiation. Plasma DHA but not EPA is associated with lower body fat mass (ptrend < 0.0001), which persists in overweight/obese subjects (ptrend = 0.02). DHA supplementation reduces inguinal WAT and exhibits a more pronounced thermogenic effect than EPA in DIO mice. In vitro, the browning process is induced after 2‐day and 6‐day treatment with DHA and EPA, respectively.ConclusionPlasma DHA but not EPA is inversely associated with body fat mass. The more potent anti‐adipogenic effect of DHA than EPA may involve a better capability of inducing browning of WAT for DHA.
Midurethral slings for treatment of stress urinary incontinence review
Authors: Ford Abigail A. , Taylor Visha , Ogah Joseph , Veit‐Rubin Nikolaus , Khullar Vik , Digesu Guiseppe A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPurposeThe midurethral sling (MUS) has largely been regarded as the “gold standard” in treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Recently the safety and use of the MUS has come under scrutiny following concerns about the use of mesh implants. The aim of this review was to detail the background to SUI which has led to the development of MUS, to highlight the issues surrounding the use of mesh under the current climate of mesh controversies and to provide an update on current evidence on the use of MUS.Materials and methodsWe conducted a review of the literature looking at the efficacy and safety of MUS.ResultsMUS has good rates of subjective cure in the short and into the longer term. The overall rates of complications are low including those associated with the use of mesh implants. When compared to other continence procedures, MUS is equally effective in regard to cure but has lower rates of complications and more favorable operative outcomes. The use of mesh has been supported by major Urogynaecological Societies along with the reports from government driven enquiries into the use of mesh.ConclusionsOverall, MUS have been shown to be an effective and safe surgical treatment for management of stress urinary incontinence.
Development of an ICF‐based questionnaire for urinary and/or fecal incontinence (ICF‐IAF): The male patients' perspective using focus groups
Authors: Kuhn Manuel , Gass Stephanie , Koenig Irene , Radlinger Lorenz , Koehler Barbara 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimsThis study seeks to explore barriers faced by and resources available to male patients with urinary (UI) and/or fecal incontinence (FI) based on the ICF framework. As a result, this study contributes to the development of the ICF‐Incontinence Assessment Form (ICF‐IAF), which is designed to be a standardized planning and evaluation tool for interventions in a multidisciplinary setting.MethodsA mixed‐method sequential design that places emphasis on the quantitative approach was considered appropriate for this study. Focus group interviews (FG) were chosen to collect data. Data were analysed with deductive content analysis and themes identified during FG were linked to the most corresponding ICF categories by two raters. Cohen's κ was calculated to determine interrater reliability.ResultsFour FG were conducted with a total of 13 male participants. The mean age of the participants was 74.7 years. A total of 73 barriers and resources on the second ICF level (body functions 26, body structures five, activities and participation 26 and environmental factors 16), whereby four categories were not sufficiently covered by the ICF, could be identified. The κ score for the two raters was 0.82.ConclusionsWhile barriers are fundamental factors affecting patients, this study found that resources are as important and should not be overlooked in the conventional treatment in both UI and FI‐specific assessments.
Effect of a 5‐HT2c receptor agonist on urethral closure mechanism in healthy women
Authors: Klarskov Niels , Van Till Oliver , Sawyer Will , Cernus Dirk , Sawyer Will 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the effect of ASP2205, a selective serotonin 5‐HT2c receptor agonist, and Duloxetine on the urethral pressure in healthy female subjects.MethodsHealthy females aged 18 to 55 years were recruited for this phase 1, single site, placebo‐controlled, randomized, four‐period, cross‐over study. The interventions were single oral doses of 10 and 60 mg ASP2205, 80 mg duloxetine, and placebo. As a pharmacodynamics endpoint, opening urethral pressure (OUP), corrected for placebo, was measured using urethral pressure reflectometry under both resting and squeezing condition of the pelvic floor at predose and 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours after dosing. Safety and tolerability of ASP2205 were also compared with duloxetine and placebo.ResultsEighteen healthy women signed informed consent, however, one dropped out before dosing and one dropped out after the first period, therefore, 16 subjects completed the study. Duloxetine significantly increased the OUP during both resting and squeezing condition (maximal increase 18.1 and 16.8 cmH2O, respectively). Both doses of ASP2205 did not increase OUP at any time point. During squeezing OUP decreased significantly in the ASP2205 60 mg group from 6 to 24 hours after dosing. All subjects experienced predominantly central nervous system‐related side effects (eg, dizziness and nausea) during ASP2205 treatment, which was most pronounced at 60 mg.ConclusionsASP2205, a serotonin 5‐HT2c receptor agonist, does not increase the urethral pressure and it is therefore unlikely that 5‐HT
2c receptor agonists can be used as a treatment for stress urinary incontinence. ASP2205 was less well tolerated than the high dose of duloxetine.
An adaptive isogeometric analysis meshfree collocation method for elasticity and frictional contact problems
Authors: Nguyen‐Thanh Nhon , Li Weidong , Huang Jiazhao , Srikanth Narasimalu , Zhou Kun 
Published: May 2019

SummaryA collocation method has been recently developed as a powerful alternative to Galerkin's method in the context of isogeometric analysis, characterized by significantly reduced computational cost, but still guaranteeing higher‐order convergence rates. In this work, we propose a novel adaptive isogeometric analysis meshfree collocation (IGAM‐C) for the two‐dimensional (2D) elasticity and frictional contact problems. The concept of the IGAM‐C method is based upon the correspondence between the isogeometric collocation and reproducing kernel meshfree approach, which facilitates the robust mesh adaptivity in isogeometric collocation. The proposed method reconciles collocation at the Greville points via the discretization of the strong form of the equilibrium equations. The adaptive refinement in collocation is guided by the gradient‐based error estimator. Moreover, the resolution of the nonlinear equations governing the contact problem is derived from a strong form to avoid the disadvantages of numerical integration. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness, robustness, and straightforward implementation of the present method for adaptive analysis.
Differential diagnoses of enamel hypomineralisation in an archaeological context: A postmedieval skeletal collection reassessment
Authors: Garot Elsa , Couture‐Veschambre Christine , Manton David John , Bekvalac Jelena , Rouas Patrick 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDevelopmental enamel defects (DDE) are often used as indicators of general health in past archaeological populations. DDE include three common types of lesions: hypoplasia, diffuse, and demarcated opacities. Molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) was defined in 2001 as a qualitative enamel defect affecting first permanent molars and often permanent incisors. The European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry established criteria to diagnose MIH in current populations as demarcated white or yellow‐brown opacities of enamel with or without posteruptive breakdown. MIH is prevalent in current populations (average 14.2%) and may cause important damage to first permanent molars. Aetiological factors are uncertain. The discovery of MIH in archaeological skeletal collections based on macroscopic examination has been reported previously, in particular by Ogden and colleagues (2008). If MIH exists in past populations, there are profound implications regarding current aetiological hypotheses. Aims of the present study were to (a) reassess the London postmedieval archaeological collection from which the first cases of MIH were reported and evaluate the reliability of MIH diagnosis criteria in past populations and (b) differentially diagnose developmental defects of enamel and post mortem discoloration in the teeth. Contrary to the reported prevalence in the original study (93.2%), among 47 subadult (>18 years) individuals, a low MIH prevalence was determined (27%). Reliability of MIH diagnosis was tested with three MIH experts who were also physical anthropologists. Our study highlighted that the reliability of a macroscopic diagnosis of MIH in past populations is fair (Cohen's kappa = 0.35 ± 0.11; Fleiss's kappa = 0.3). It could explain the large differential in prevalence values in studies performed in archaeological collections. Pathological and taphonomic agents can produce enamel modifications indistinguishable from one another, even to an “experienced eye.” Here, we examined the literature to highlight potential differential diagnoses of MIH (taphonomic discoloration, amelogenesis imperfecta, fluorosis, rachitic teeth, etc.). Employing nondestructive analyses to characterise and diagnose tooth discoloration in past populations is highly recommended.