bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Practical Nutrition Knowledge Mediates the Relationship Between Sociodemographic Characteristics and Diet Quality in Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Deroover Kristine , Bucher Tamara , Vandelanotte Corneel , de Vries Hein , Duncan Mitch J. 
Published: October 2019

Purpose: To investigate the direct and indirect effects of sociodemographic/health factors on diet quality through practical nutrition knowledge (PNK) about how to compose a balanced meal. Design: A cross-sectional study using data from an online survey of the 10 000 Steps cohort (data collected November-December 2016). Setting: Australia. Participants: Adults (n = 8161). Response rate was 16.7%. Measures: Self-reported lifestyle, health, and sociodemographic characteristics, including diet quality and PNK. Analysis: The PROCESS macro for SPSS was used to conduct the mediation analyses. Results: Better diet quality was associated with being female, older, more highly educated, and having a lower body mass index. Mediation analysis showed that PNK significantly mediated the associations between sex (a*b = 0.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.39-0.70) and education (vocational education: a*b = 0.22, 95% CI = 0.12-0.35, university: a*b = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.35-0.64), and diet quality. Practical nutrition knowledge suppressed the association between age and diet quality (a*b = −0.03, 95% CI = −0.04 to −0.03). Conclusion: Variations in diet quality between sociodemographic groups were partially explained by differences in PNK, suggesting that focusing public health efforts on increasing this specific knowledge type might be promising.
Benefit, burden, and impact for a cohort of post-approval cancer combination trials
Authors: Carlisle Benjamin Gregory , Doussau Adélaïde , Kimmelman Jonathan 
Published: October 2019

Background: After approval, drug developers often pursue trials aimed at extending the uses of a new drug by combining it with other drugs. Little is known about the risk and benefits associated with such research. Methods: To establish a historic benchmark of risk and benefit, we searched Medline and Embase for clinical trials testing anti-cancer drugs in combination within 5 years of approval by the Food and Drug Administration of 12 anti-cancer “index” drugs first licensed 2005–2007 inclusive. Risk was assessed based on grade 3 or above drug-related adverse events; benefit was assessed based on efficacy outcomes and advancement of combinations into clinical practice guidelines or approval by the Food and Drug Administration. Results: We captured 323 published post-approval trials exploring combinations, including 266 unique combination–indication pairings and enrolling 29,835 patients. The pooled risk ratios for treatment-related grade 3–4 severe adverse events and deaths attributed to the study drugs for trials randomized between a combination arm and a comparator were 1.54 (1.33–1.79) and 1.51 (1.16–1.97), respectively. The pooled hazard ratios for overall survival and progression-free survival were 0.99 (0.92–1.05) and 0.85 (0.79–0.93), respectively. None of the combination–indication pairings launched after initial drug approval received approval by the Food and Drug Administration, and 13 pairings (4.9%) were recommended by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network within 5 years of the first trial within that pairing. The proportion of patients in our sample who participated in trials leading to an approval by the Food and Drug Administration or a National Comprehensive Cancer Network guideline recommendation was 12.7% with 5 years of follow-up, and 22.3% among pairings for which there were 8 years of follow-up. Conclusion: Patients were just as likely to benefit in the treatment arm as the control arm in terms of overall survival, but they were more likely to experience a treatment-related severe adverse event in post-approval trials of combination therapy.
Alphavirus-based hepatitis C virus therapeutic vaccines: can universal helper epitopes enhance HCV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses?
Authors: Koutsoumpli Georgia , Ip Peng Peng , Schepel Ilona , Hoogeboom Baukje Nynke , Boerma Annemarie , Daemen Toos 
Published: October 2019

Background: Antigen-specific T cell immune responses play a pivotal role in resolving acute and chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections. Currently, no prophylactic or therapeutic vaccines against HCV are available. We previously demonstrated the preclinical potency of therapeutic HCV vaccines based on recombinant Semliki Forest virus (SFV) replicon particles. However, clinical trials do not always meet the high expectations of preclinical studies, thus, optimization of vaccine strategies is crucial. In efforts to further increase the frequency of HCV-specific immune responses in the candidate SFV-based vaccines, the authors assessed whether inclusion of three strong, so-called universal helper T cell epitopes, and an endoplasmic reticulum localization, and retention signal (collectively termed sigHELP-KDEL cassette) could enhance HCV-specific immune responses. Methods: We included the sigHELP-KDEL cassette in two of the candidate SFV-based HCV vaccines, targeting NS3/4A and NS5A/B proteins. We characterized the new constructs in vitro for the expression and stability of the transgene-encoded proteins. Their immune efficacy with respect to HCV-specific immune responses in vivo was compared with the parental SFV vaccine expressing the corresponding HCV antigen. Further characterization of the functionality of the HCV-specific CD8+ T cells was assessed by surface and intracellular cytokine staining and flow cytometry analysis. Results: Moderate, but significantly, enhanced frequencies of antigen-specific immune responses were achieved upon lower/suboptimal dosage immunization. In optimal dosage immunization, the inclusion of the cassette did not further increase the frequencies of HCV-specific CD8+ T cells when compared with the parental vaccines and the frequencies of effector and memory populations were identical. Conclusion: We hypothesize that the additional effect of the sigHELP-KDEL cassette in SFV-based vaccines depends on the immunogenicity, nature, and stability of the target antigen expressed by the vaccine.
High-efficiency CRISPR induction of t(9;11) chromosomal translocations and acute leukemias in human blood stem cells
Authors: Jeong Johan , Jager Astraea , Domizi Pablo , Pavel-Dinu Mara , Gojenola Linda , Iwasaki Masayuki , Wei Michael C. , Pan Feng , Zehnder James L. , Porteus Matthew H. , Davis Kara L. , Cleary Michael L. 
Published: October 2019

Key Points
CRISPR gene editing of blood stem and progenitor cells induces high-efficiency t(9;11) chromosomal translocation and MLLr leukemia. Gene-edited leukemia analysis documents clonal selection in leukemia progression and similarity of MLLr MPALs to AMLs vs ALLs.
Engineering Escherichia coli FAB system using synthetic plant genes for the production of long chain fatty acids
Authors: Kassab Elias , Fuchs Monika , Haack Martina , Mehlmer Norbert , Brueck Thomas B. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundSustainable production of microbial fatty acids derivatives has the potential to replace petroleum based equivalents in the chemical, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry. Most fatty acid sources for production oleochemicals are currently plant derived. However, utilization of these crops are associated with land use change and food competition. Microbial oils could be an alternative source of fatty acids, which circumvents the issue with agricultural competition.ResultsIn this study, we generated a chimeric microbial production system that features aspects of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic fatty acid biosynthetic pathways targeted towards the generation of long chain fatty acids. We redirected the type-II fatty acid biosynthetic pathway ofEscherichia coliBL21 (DE3) strain by incorporating two homologues of the beta-ketoacyl-[acyl carrier protein] synthase I and II from the chloroplastic fatty acid biosynthetic pathway ofArabidopsis thaliana. The microbial clones harboring the heterologous pathway yielded 292 mg/g and 220 mg/g DCW for KAS I and KAS II harboring plasmids respectively. Surprisingly, beta-ketoacyl synthases KASI/II isolated fromA. thalianashowed compatibility with the FAB pathway inE. coli.ConclusionThe efficiency of the heterologous plant enzymes supersedes the overexpression of the native enzyme in theE. coliproduction system, which leads to cell death infabFoverexpression andfabBdeletion mutants. The utilization of our plasmid based system would allow generation of plant like fatty acids inE. coliand their subsequent chemical or enzymatic conversion to high end oleochemical products.
Impact of nano-morphology, lattice defects and conductivity on the performance of graphene based electrochemical biosensors
Authors: Tite Teddy , Chiticaru Elena Alina , Burns Jorge S. , Ioniţă Mariana 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDiverse properties of graphenic materials have been extensively explored to determine properties that make good electrochemical nanomaterial-based biosensors. These are reviewed by critically examining the influence of graphene nano-morphology, lattice defects and conductivity. Stability, reproducibility and fabrication are discussed together with sensitivity and selectivity. We provide an outlook on future directions for building efficient electrochemical biosensors.
Targeted delivery of antibiotics to the infected pulmonary tissues using ROS-responsive nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Yu , Yuan Qian , Feng Wei , Pu Wendan , Ding Jun , Zhang Hongjun , Li Xiaoyu , Yang Bo , Dai Qing , Cheng Lin , Wang Jinyu , Sun Fengjun , Zhang Dinglin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Immunocompromised individuals and those with lung dysfunction readily acquire pulmonary bacterial infections, which may cause serious diseases and carry a heavy economic burden. Maintaining adequate antibiotic concentrations in the infected tissues is necessary to eradicate resident bacteria. To specifically deliver therapeutics to the infected pulmonary tissues and enable controlled release of payloads at the infection site, a ROS-responsive material, i.e. 4-(hydroxymethyl) phenylboronic acid pinacol ester-modified α-cyclodextrin (Oxi-αCD), was employed to encapsulate moxifloxacin (MXF), generating ROS-responsive MXF-containing nanoparticles (MXF/Oxi-αCD NPs).

Results
MXF/Oxi-αCD NPs were coated with DSPE-PEG and DSPE-PEG-folic acid, facilitating penetration of the sputum secreted by the infected lung and enabling the active targeting of macrophages in the inflammatory tissues. In vitro drug release experiments indicated that MXF release from Oxi-αCD NPs was accelerated in the presence of 0.5 mM H2O2. In vitro assay with Pseudomonas aeruginosa demonstrated that MXF/Oxi-αCD NPs exhibited higher antibacterial activity than MXF. In vitro cellular study also indicated that folic acid-modified MXF/Oxi-αCD NPs could be effectively internalized by bacteria-infected macrophages, thereby significantly eradicating resident bacteria in macrophages compared to non-targeted MXF/Oxi-αCD NPs. In a mouse model of pulmonary P. aeruginosa infection, folic acid-modified MXF/Oxi-αCD NPs showed better antibacterial efficacy than MXF and non-targeted MXF/Oxi-αCD NPs. Meanwhile, the survival time of mice was prolonged by treatment with targeting MXF/Oxi-αCD NPs.

Conclusions
Our work provides a strategy to overcome the mucus barrier, control drug release, and improve the targeting capability of NPs for the treatment of pulmonary bacterial infections.
Are persistent organic pollutants important in the etiology of feline hyperthyroidism? A review
Authors: Jones Bernt , Engdahl Jessica Norrgran , Weiss Jana 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFeline hyperthyroidism is a rather new disease, first reported from the North American east coast in 1979. The prevalence is increasing, especially in older cats, and hyperthyroidism is now reported worldwide as the most common feline endocrinopathy. Several studies have been performed trying to identify important etiological factors such as exposure to persistent organic pollutants, and especially brominated flame retardants, have been suggested to be of importance for the development of the disease. Recent studies have shown higher concentrations of these contaminants in serum of hyperthyroid cats in comparison to cats with normal thyroid status. However, other still unknown factors are most probably of importance for the development of this disease.
HRCT imaging of acquired cholesteatoma: a pictorial review
Authors: Gulati Malvika , Gupta Swati , Prakash Anjali , Garg Anju , Dixit Rashmi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractChronically discharging ear is a common cause of morbidity in developing countries, and it is also associated with intratemporal and intracranial complications. The surgeon is often able to detect the disease. However, cholesteatoma in the “hidden areas” like anterior epitympanic recess and sinus tympani can be missed. Facial nerve involvement and cholesteatomatous erosion of the bony labyrinth are dreaded complications, the extent of which cannot be assessed completely on clinical examination. Adding to the complexity are the various variations in anatomy like high riding jugular bulb and aberrant internal carotid artery which could lead to catastrophic complications during surgery if left undetected preoperatively. HRCT temporal bone is useful to detect the extent of the disease, various complications, and guide the surgeon for pre-operative planning. In this review, we go through the various HRCT imaging features of acquired cholesteatoma, a reporting template, and a few words about imaging of the post-operative ear.
IcarisideII facilitates the differentiation of ADSCs to SCs via let-7i/STAT3 axis to preserve erectile function
Authors: Ge Pingyu , Guo Yinxue , Shen Jun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundIcarisideII (ICAII) could promote the differentiation of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) to Schwann cells (SCs), leading to improvement of erectile function (EF) and providing a realistic therapeutic option for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of ADSCs and ICAII in this process remain largely unclear.MethodsADSCs were treated with different concentrations of ICAII. Cell proliferation was determined by MTT assay. qRT-PCR and western blot were performed to detect expressions of SCs markers, signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3), and microRNA-let-7i (let-7i). Luciferase reporter assay was conducted to verify the regulatory relationship between let-7i and STAT3. The detection of intracavernosal pressure (ICP) and the ratio of ICP/mean arterial pressure (MAP) were used to evaluate the EF in bilateral cavernous nerve injury (BCNI) rat models.ResultsICAII promoted cell proliferation of ADSCs in a dose-dependent manner. The mRNA and protein levels of SCs markers were increased by ICAII treatment in a dose-dependent manner in ADSCs. Moreover, let-7i was significantly decreased in ICAII-treated ADSCs and upregulation of let-7i attenuated ICAII-induced promotion of SCs markers. In addition, STAT3 was a direct target of let-7i and upregulated in ICAII-treated ADSCs. Interestingly, overexpression of STAT3 abated the let-7i-mediated inhibition effect on differentiation of ADSCs to SCs and rescued the ICAII-mediated promotion effect on it. Besides, combination treatment of ADSCs and ICAII preserved the EF of BCNI rat models, which was undermined by let-7i overexpression.ConclusionICAII was effective for preserving EF by promoting the differentiation of ADSCs to SCs via modulating let-7i/STAT3 pathway.
Online module login data as a proxy measure of student engagement: the case of myUnisa, MoyaMA, Flipgrid, and Gephi at an ODeL institution in South Africa
Authors: Chaka Chaka , Nkhobo Tlatso 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The current study employed online module login data harvested from three tools, myUnisa, MoyaMA and Flipgrid to determine how such data served as a proxy measure of student engagement. The first tool is a legacy learning management system (LMS) utilised for online learning at the University of South Africa (UNISA), while the other two tools are a mobile messaging application and an educational video discussion platform, respectively. In this regard, the study set out to investigate the manner in which module login data of undergraduate students (n = 3475 & n = 2954) and a cohort of Mathew Goniwe students (n = 27) enrolled for a second-level module, ENG2601, as extracted from myUnisa, MoyaMA, and Flipgrid served as a proxy measure of student engagement. Collectively, these students were registered for this second-level module at UNISA at the time the study was conducted. The online login data comprised myUnisa module login file access frequencies. In addition, the online login data consisted of the frequencies of instant messages (IMs) posted on MoyaMA by both the facilitator and Mathew Goniwe students, and video clips posted on and video clip view frequencies captured by Flipgrid in respect of the afore-cited module. One finding of this study is that student engagement as measured by login file access frequencies was disproportionally skewed toward one module file relative to other module files. The other finding of this study is that the overall module file access metrics of the Mathew Goniwe group were disproportionally concentrated in a sub-cohort of highly active users (HAU).
The Fabrication of Rigid Crosslinker-Decorated Gold Nanoparticle Array Film for Catalyzing CO2 Cycloaddition
Authors: Li Yunong , Guo Yaohui , Xia Mingjian , Shao Lei , Zhou Yuan , Bai Xiaojue , Li Linlin , Zhou Jun , Chen Dan , Zhang Xuemin , Wang Tieqiang , Zhang Liying , Fu Yu 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In order to precisely design the active sites in two-dimensional (2D) gold-based catalysts, we have developed a convenient and versatile plasma-assisted droplet evaporation-rigid crosslinking method for the fabrication of gold nanoparticle (Au NP) array film. Four kinds of Au NP arrays have been decorated respectively with rigid sulfurated crosslinkers i.e. thieno[3,2-b]thiophene, 2,2′-bithiophene, 1,4-benzenedithiol and 4,4′-thiodibenzenethiol, and the density of crosslinkers can be adjusted under plasma treatment. Particularly, the utilization of 4,4′-thiodibenzenethiol gave uniform particle sizes to form a periodical 2D structure, which provides multiple exposed active sites of gold nanoparticles rather than enwinding by the alkyl chains. Meanwhile, the weaker electron-donating effect and steric hindrance of rigid groups in the crosslinkers could also enhance the catalytic activity. In addition, the Au NP array film can be transferred from the glass substrate and further composited with polymers and metal organic framework (MOF) into self-standing composite membrane. Therefore, this rigid crosslinked array film can serve as an environmentally friendly catalyst for CO2 cycloaddition under atmospheric CO2 pressure, which offers a novel application of Au NPs array film, and opens up a new way for the design and fabrication of 2D hybrid materials.
Transient up-regulation of miR-155-3p by lipopolysaccharide in primary human monocyte-derived macrophages results in RISC incorporation but does not alter TNF expression
Authors: Simmonds Rachel E. 
Published: October 2019

Background: The innate immune response is a tightly regulated process that reacts rapidly in response to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Evidence is accumulating that microRNAs contribute to this, although few studies have examined the early events that constitute the “primary” response. Methods: LPS-dependent changes to miRNA expression were studied in primary human monocyte-derived macrophages (1°MDMs). An unbiased screen by microarray was validated by qPCR and a method for the absolute quantitation of miRNAs was also developed, utilising 5’ phosphorylated RNA oligonucleotide templates. RNA immunoprecipitation was performed to explore incorporation of miRNAs into the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). The effect of miRNA functional inhibition on TNF expression (mRNA and secretion) was investigated. Results: Of the 197 miRNAs expressed in 1°MDMs, only five were induced >1.5-fold. The most strongly induced was miR-155-3p, the partner strand to miR-155-5p, which are both derived from the MIR155HG/BIC gene (pri-miR-155). The abundance of miR-155-3p was induced transiently ~250-fold at 2-4hrs and then returned towards baseline, mirroring pri-miR-155. Other PAMPs, IL-1β, and TNF caused similar responses. IL-10, NF-κB, and JNK inhibition reduced these responses, unlike cytokine-suppressing mycolactone. Absolute quantitation revealed that miRNA abundance varies widely from donor-to-donor, and showed that miR-155-3p abundance is substantially less than miR-155-5p in unstimulated cells. However, at its peak there were 446-1,113 copies/cell, and miR-155-3p was incorporated into the RISC with an efficiency similar to miR-16-5p and miR-155-5p. Inhibition of neither miRNA affected TNF secretion after 2hrs in 1°MDMs, but technical challenges here are noted. Conclusions: Dynamic regulation of miRNAs during the primary response is rare, with the exception of miR-155-3p. Further work is required to establish whether its low abundance, even at the transient peak, is sufficient for biological activity and to determine whether there are specific mechanisms determining its biogenesis from miR-155 precursors
Alícia Vega: Taller de Cine para Niños nos labirintos do tempo
Authors: De Oliveira Azeredo Verônica Pacheco , Andrade Dias Marília Sousa 
Published: October 2019

Este artigo tem o objetivo apresentar parte de uma investigação acerca da teoria pedagógica de Alícia Vega, intelectual latino-americana com atuação importante na criação de projetos de formação estética audivisual de crianças pobres do Chile. Foram realizadas entrevistas narrativas concedidas na Galeria Macchina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Chile, em Santiago por ocasião da exposição “Taller de Cine para Niños” nos meses de abril e maio de 2018, em homenagem aos 30 anos desse projeto voltado para a educação e cinema. A pesquisa, realizada pela perspectiva historiográfica da História das Mulheres, assenta-se no campo da História Oral, com foco nos Relatos Orais.