bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cancer in Kenya: types and infection-attributable. Data from two National referral hospitals
Authors: Macharia Lucy Wanjiku , Mureithi Marianne Wanjiru , Anzala Omu 
Published: March 2019

Background:Cancer in Africa is an emerging health problem. In Kenya it ranks third as a cause of death after infectious and cardiovascular diseases. Nearly 31% of the total cancer burden in sub-Saharan Africa is attributable to infectious agents. Information on cancer burden is scanty in Kenya and this study aimed to provide comprehensive hospital based data to inform policies.Method:A cross-sectional retrospective survey was conducted at Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH) and Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (MTRH) from 2008 to 2012. Data was obtained from the patients files and the study was approved by the KNH/University of Nairobi and MTRH Ethics and Research Committees. Results: In KNH, the top five cancers were: cervical (62, 12.4%), breast (59, 11.8%), colorectal (31, 6.2%), chronic leukemia (27, 5.4%) and stomach cancer 26 (5.2%). Some 154 (30.8%) of these cancers were associated with infectious agents, while an estimated 138 (27.6%) were attributable to infections. Cancers of the cervix (62, 12.4%), stomach (26, 5.2%) and nasopharynx (17, 3.4%) were the commonest infection-associated cancers. In MTRH, the five common types of cancers were Kaposi’s sarcoma (93, 18.6%), breast (77, 15.4%), cervical (41, 8.2%), non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (37, 7.4%) and colorectal, chronic leukemia and esophageal cancer all with 27 (5.4%). Some 241 (48.2%) of these cancers were associated with infectious agents, while an estimated 222 (44.4%) were attributable to infections. Kaposi’s sarcoma (93, 18.6%), cancer of the cervix (41, 8.2%) and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (37, 7.4%) were the commonest infection-associated cancers.Conclusion:Our results suggest that30.8% and 48.2% of the total cancer cases sampled in KNH and MTRH respectively were associated with infectious agents, while 27.6% and 44.4% were attributable to infections in the two hospitals respectively. Reducing the burden of infection-attributable cancers can translate to a reduction of the overall cancer burden.
Formation of Eco-friendly Silver Nanoparticle Microalgae using Chlorella vulgaris
Authors: Kusumaningrum Hermin Pancasakti , Zainuri Muhammad , Widianingsih Widianingsih , Haryanti Wahyu Dewi Utari , Marhaendrajaya Indras , Mahendrajaya Robertus Triaji 
Published: March 2019

Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using organism have spurred great interest as a antimicrobial and biomedical agents. Green microalgae have advantages as they are easily available, grow rapidly and producing varieties metabolites. Synthesized of AgNPs from microalgae C. vulgaris offer environmentally antimicrobial agent. The objectives of the study is producing AgNPs microalgae using C. vulgaris as eco-friendly antimicrobial agent. The research methods was conducted by synthesizing silver nanoparticle microalgae using C. vulgaris following by characterization under UV–visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The research result showed AgNPs C. vulgaris microalgae were produced with and without agitation treatment under different condition. The synthesized AgNPs C. vulgaris exhibited a maximum absorption at 312 nm and 398 nm, and EDX analysis had determined that abundance chemical elements presented in a sample were carbon and silver. The TEM analysis revealed that they are spherical form. The spot of EDX analysis showed the presence of silver atoms. The SEM analysis shows the spherical shaped with some silver particle inside of the cell. These resut indicated that formation of silver nanoparticle microalgae using C. vulgaris has been succesfully obtained under the treatment.
ANALYSIS OF THE NUMBER INFANT AND MATERNAL MORTALITY IN CENTRAL JAVA INDONESIA USING SPATIAL-POISSON REGRESSION
Authors: Prahutama Alan , Warsito Budi , Mukid Moch. Abdul 
Published: March 2019

Maternal and infant mortality are one of the most dangerous problems of the community since it can profoundly affect the number and composition of the population. Currently, the government has been taking heed on the attempt of reducing the number of maternal and newborn mortality in Central Java which requires data and information entirely. Poisson regression is a nonlinear regression that is often used to model the relationship between response variables in the form of discrete data with predictor variables in the form of discrete or continuous data. In space analysis, GWPR is one of method in space modeling which can model regional-based regression. It is based on some factors including the number of health facilities, the number of medical personnel, the percentage of deliveries performed with non-medical assistance; the average age of a woman's first marriage; the average education level of married women; average amount of per capita household expenditure; percentage of village status; the average rate of exclusive breastfeeding; percentage of households that have clean water and the percentage of poor people. Based on the analysis, it is revealed that the determinants of maternal and infant mortality in Central Java using Poisson and GWPR models, among others are the number of health facilities, the number of medical personnel, the average number of per capita household expenditure and the percentage of the poor. In the maternal and infant mortality model, the AIC value of GWPR model produces better modeling than Poisson regression. Keywords: Maternal and Infant mortality, Poisson, GWPR
Rancang Bangun Alat Sadap Elektrik untuk Tanaman Karet
Authors: Setiawan Joga Dharma , Purwiantoro Arman , Haryadi Gunawan Dwi , Munadi Munadi , Ariyanto Mochammad 
Published: March 2019

Karet merupakan komoditas perkebunan yang sangat penting peranannya di Indonesia. Sekitar 3,2 juta hektar total luas lahan kebun karet yang dimiliki oleh Indonesia. Proses penyadapan pohon karet hingga saat ini masih menggunakan alat sadap karet manual dengan menggunakan tenaga manusia. Dalam penelitian ini alat sadap karet elektrik dirancang sebagai inisiasi pengembangan untuk penyadapan tanaman karet umur 6 sampai 10 tahun. Pembuatan alat sadap karet elektrik menyesuaikan alat sadap karet manual dan ketersediaan komponen yang ada di pasaran dengan tujuann mempermudah produksi dalam jumlah besar. Pembuatan alat sadap karet elektrik bertujuan untuk mempermudah petani dalam melakukan pekerjaannya serta dapat meningkatkan produksi karet dari pohon karet. Dengan kecepatan putar pisau 130 RPM diharapkan mampu menghasilkan latex atau getah karet yang lebih banyak dari alat sadap karet manual. Dari hasil pengujian awal pisau sadap elektrik mempunyai waktu mengiris yang lebih lama yaitu antara 15 – 17 detik sedangkan waktu mengiris menggunakan pisau manual membutuhkan waktu 7 – 8 detik. Untuk itu perlu modifikasi dan pengembangan lanjutan untuk meningkatkan kinerja petani dalam menggunakan pisau sadap elektrik.
A Comprehensive Quantitative Genetic Analysis of Cerebral Surface Area in Youth
Authors: Schmitt J. Eric , Neale Michael C. , Clasen Liv S. , Liu Siyuan , Seidlitz Jakob , Pritikin Joshua N. , Chu Alan , Wallace Gregory L. , Lee Nancy Raitano , Giedd Jay N. , Raznahan Armin 
Published: March 2019

The genetics of cortical arealization in youth is not well understood. In this study, we use a genetically informative sample of 677 typically developing children and adolescents (mean age 12.72 years), high-resolution MRI, and quantitative genetic methodology to address several fundamental questions on the genetics of cerebral surface area. We estimate that >85% of the phenotypic variance in total brain surface area in youth is attributable to additive genetic factors. We also observed pronounced regional variability in the genetic influences on surface area, with the most heritable areas seen in primary visual and visual association cortex. A shared global genetic factor strongly influenced large areas of the frontal and temporal cortex, mirroring regions that are the most evolutionarily novel in humans relative to other primates. In contrast to studies on older populations, we observed statistically significant genetic correlations between measures of surface area and cortical thickness (rG= 0.63), suggestive of overlapping genetic influences between these endophenotypes early in life. Finally, we identified strong and highly asymmetric genetically mediated associations between Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient and left perisylvian surface area, particularly receptive language centers. Our findings suggest that spatially complex and temporally dynamic genetic factors are influencing cerebral surface area in our species.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOver evolution, the human cortex has undergone massive expansion. In humans, patterns of neurodevelopmental expansion mirror evolutionary changes. However, there is a sparsity of information on how genetics impacts surface area maturation. Here, we present a systematic analysis of the genetics of cerebral surface area in youth. We confirm prior research that implicates genetics as the dominant force influencing individual differences in global surface area. We also find evidence that evolutionarily novel brain regions share common genetics, that overlapping genetic factors influence both area and thickness in youth, and the presence of strong genetically mediated associations between intelligence and surface area in language centers. These findings further elucidate the complex role that genetics plays in brain development and function.
Differential Brain Mechanisms of Selection and Maintenance of Information during Working Memory
Authors: Quentin Romain , King Jean-Rémi , Sallard Etienne , Fishman Nathan , Thompson Ryan , Buch Ethan R. , Cohen Leonardo G. 
Published: March 2019

Working memory is our ability to select and temporarily hold information as needed for complex cognitive operations. The temporal dynamics of sustained and transient neural activity supporting the selection and holding of memory content is not known. To address this problem, we recorded magnetoencephalography in healthy participants performing a retro-cue working memory task in which the selection rule and the memory content varied independently. Multivariate decoding and source analyses showed that selecting the memory content relies on prefrontal and parieto-occipital persistent oscillatory neural activity. By contrast, the memory content was reactivated in a distributed occipitotemporal posterior network, preceding the working memory decision and in a different format than during the visual encoding. These results identify a neural signature of content selection and characterize differentiated spatiotemporal constraints for subprocesses of working memory.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOur brain selects and maintains information during short time windows in a way that is essential to reasoning and learning. Recent advances in multivariate analysis of brain activity allowed the characterization of brain regions that stores the memory. We applied multivariate analysis to time-resolved brain signals to characterize the spatiotemporal signature underlying these subprocesses. The selection of information relies on sustained oscillatory activity in a network that includes the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex while memory content is transiently replayed in an occipitotemporal network that differs from encoding. Our results characterized differentiated spatiotemporal activity underlying encoding, selection, and maintenance of information during working memory.
Serum metabolomic analysis of the effect of exercise on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Li Jia , Zhao Yan , Huang Caoxin , Chen Zheng , Shi Xiulin , Li Long , Chen Zhong , Li Xuejun 
Published: March 2019

Objective
Exercise benefits people with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of this study was to identify a panel of biomarkers and to provide the possible mechanism for the effect of exercise on NAFLD patients via an untargeted mass spectrometry-based serum metabolomics study.

Methods
NAFLD patients were classified randomly into a control group (n = 74) and a 6-month vigorous exercise (n = 68) group. Differences in serum metabolic profiles were analyzed using untargeted ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) technology. Principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to validate the differences between these two groups, and altered metabolites were obtained by ANOVA (fold change >2, P < 0.05) and identified with the online database Metlin and an in-house database.

Results
Metabolic profiling and multiple statistical analyses of the serum samples indicated significant differences between the NAFLD patients in the control and the 6-month vigorous exercise groups. Finally, 36 metabolites were identified between the control vs exercise groups. These metabolites were mainly associated with glycerophospholipid- and sphingolipid-related pathways.

Conclusion
Our study demonstrates that glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid alterations may contribute to the mechanism underlying the effect of exercise on NAFLD patients. A LC-MS-based metabolomics approach has a potential value for screening exercise-induced biomarkers.
AIP and MEN1 mutations and AIP immunohistochemistry in pituitary adenomas in a tertiary referral center
Authors: Daly Adrian F , Cano David A , Venegas-Moreno Eva , Petrossians Patrick , Dios Elena , Castermans Emilie , Flores-Martínez Alvaro , Bours Vincent , Beckers Albert , Soto-Moreno Alfonso 
Published: March 2019

Background
Pituitary adenomas have a high disease burden due to tumor growth/invasion and disordered hormonal secretion. Germline mutations in genes such as MEN1 and AIP are associated with early onset of aggressive pituitary adenomas that can be resistant to medical therapy.

Aims
We performed a retrospective screening study using published risk criteria to assess the frequency of AIP and MEN1 mutations in pituitary adenoma patients in a tertiary referral center.

Methods
Pituitary adenoma patients with pediatric/adolescent onset, macroadenomas occurring ≤30 years of age, familial isolated pituitary adenoma (FIPA) kindreds and acromegaly or prolactinoma cases that were uncontrolled by medical therapy were studied genetically. We also assessed whether immunohistochemical staining for AIP (AIP-IHC) in somatotropinomas was associated with somatostatin analogs (SSA) response.

Results
Fifty-five patients met the study criteria and underwent genetic screening for AIP/MEN1 mutations. No mutations were identified and large deletions/duplications were ruled out using MLPA. In a cohort of sporadic somatotropinomas, low AIP-IHC tumors were significantly larger (P = 0.002) and were more frequently sparsely granulated (P = 0.046) than high AIP-IHC tumors. No significant relationship between AIP-IHC and SSA responses was seen.

Conclusions
Germline mutations in AIP/MEN1 in pituitary adenoma patients are rare and the use of general risk criteria did not identify cases in a large tertiary-referral setting. In acromegaly, low AIP-IHC was related to larger tumor size and more frequent sparsely granulated subtype but no relationship with SSA responsiveness was seen. The genetics of pituitary adenomas remains largely unexplained and AIP screening criteria could be significantly refined to focus on large, aggressive tumors in young patients.
Nucleic Acid Metabolism in Patients with Severe Burn Injury and the Possibility of Its Correction
Authors: Vereshchagin E. I. , Mitrofanov I. M. , Samatov I. Yu. , Strel'tsova E. I. , Veinberg A. L. , Potter E. A. , Bogachov S. S. 
Published: March 2019

Purpose. To assess changes in nucleic acid (NA) metabolism in severe burn injury and to develop recommendations for correction of the alimentary status taking into account changes in the NA metabolism. Materials and methods. All patients (37 patients with II–III degree thermal burns and a burn area of more than 40%) were divided into 2 groups: Group I included survivors (23 patients), group II consisted of the deceased. The intensity of the NA metabolism was assessed based on the dynamics of the of uric acid (UA) and oligonucleotides serum concentrations. Results. In the acute period of burn injury, marked decrease in UA levels (less than 100 μmol/l), with gradual stabilization in survivors is typical. In addition, a 2–3-fold increase in the concentration of serum oligonucleotides compared to the normal limit is typical for survivors in the acute period, and these changes were significantly different from the group of deceased patients starting from day 5. Taking into account the data obtained, the level of serum UA can be recommended in clinical practice for the assessment of alimentary status in burn disease, as well as a criterion for f the prescription of glutamine administration in critically ill patients. In patients with burn disease a decrease in the UA level to less than 100 μmol/l was regarded as an absolute indication for the use of L-glutamine products. The use of glutamine in patients with significant decrease in UA levels was accompanied by a significant increase in the intensity of NA metabolism, which was demonstrated by both an increase in uric acid levels (by 85% by day 10 after the start of glutamine administration, P<0.01) and restoration of repair processes. Conclusion. Therefore, there was a marked alteration of NA metabolism in both groups of patients with severe burn injury. At the same time, surviving patients are characterized by rapid recovery of NA metabolism. Glutamine was employed as a pharmacological agent that effectively abrogates the depression of NA metabolism.
Reducing prejudice through biased group contact?
Authors: Dambrauskas Karolis 
Published: March 2019

[full article and abstract in English]
Using the methods of critical discourse analysis, this article analyzes the TV program Mission: Vilnija as an example designed to fight stereotypes about Lithuanian national minorities. The article shows how instead of improving inter-group relations, the program helps to ensure the status quo of unequal intergroup relations between the Lithuanian majority and the country’s national minorities. The case analysis supports the argument that if the idea of parasocial contact and prejudice reduction is built upon non-reflected, biased premises, it will not eliminate these forms of prejudice but will only preserve and/or reinforce them.
Cardiovascularis betegségek megítélése a gépjárművezetői engedélyek kiadásának vagy meghosszabbításának szempontjából az európai uniós jogharmonizációt követően
Authors: Végh Ernő , Kiss Balázs , Dézsi Csaba András 
Published: March 2019

Abstract: The European Union (EU) law harmonization expects from each EU country to apply the same principles and same standards of the medical evaluation of driving licenses. All EU member states have to apply common evaluations of the driving licenses – based on the EU Regulation 2016/1006 – at the latest from January of this year. Hungary launched this new regulation on the 12th of January 2018. The most important source document of the current national regulation is the expert consensus document “New Standards for Driving and Cardiovascular Diseases” published in 2013. This is the professional evaulation of the cardiovascular diseases which can influence driving, and its importance is highlighted because even the Hungarian law listed this document as a resource. In this summary, in accordance with the current law, we provide a practical guide for the day-to-day work of assessing the permission of driving licence in connection with the different kinds of cardiovascular diseases. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(10): 370–377.
ANALISIS KRITIS HUKUM TERHADAP KEDUDUKAN AHLI WARIS PENGGANTI DALAM HUKUM KELUARGA ISLAM DI INDONESIA
Authors: Aziz Aang Abdul 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe substitute heir (plaatsvervulling) is not explicitly mentioned in the Qur'an and has opened various interpretations in Islamic inheritance law. One of them is the opinion issued by M. Yahya Harahap that legitimate Indonesian Law perspective on substitute heir. The opinion stated that grandchildren can replace their parent’s position as an heir of their grandfather, if their parent deceased before the grandfather. This interpretation is different from inheritance law in other Islamic countries. This paper is aimed todiscuss the background and istinbath al hukmi used by M. Yahya Harahap in describing substitute heirs. With critical study on various library materials and interview, it was found that M. Yahya Harahap’s reason to determine the substitute heirs was influenced by customary law, and apllied 'urf and istilah (Mashlah Mursalah) as istinbath hukmi.Key words: istinbath al hukmi, inheritance law, wasiat wajibah, substitute heirAbstrakTidak disebutkannya ahli waris pengganti dalam Al-Quran secara tersurat telah mem­buka berbagai penafsiran dalam hukum waris Islam. Salah satunya adalah pendapat yang dikeluarkan oleh M. Yahya Harahap. Pendapat tersebut menyatakan bahwa cucu dapat mengganti posisi keahliwarisan orang tuanya yang lebih dahulu meninggal dari kakek untuk berhak mendapatkan harta warisan orang tuanya. Hal tersebut berbeda dengan penafsiran hukum waris pada umumnya, yang salah satunya tertuang dalam ketentuan kewarisan di Mesir, tidak dengan memberikan hak waris namun berupa wasiat wajibah. Tulisan ini bertujuan untukmengetahui latar belakang pendapat dan istinbath al hukmi yang digunakan oleh M. Yahya Harahap dalam mene­tapkan ahli waris pengganti. Dengan metode studi kritik terhadap berbagai bahan pustaka, ditemukan bahwa alasan penetapan ahli waris pengganti M. Yahya Harahap didasarkan pada hukum adat khususnya daerah Tapanuli Selatan, Sumatra Utara, dan dasar hukum yang digunakan yaitu ‘Urf serta Istilah (Mashlah Mursalah) sebagai istinbath hukmi.Kata Kunci : istinbath al hukmi, hukum waris, wasiat wajibah, ahli waris pengganti