bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of metallic color perception using real‐world materials
Authors: Tanaka Midori , Horiuchi Takahiko 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMetallic colors have a unique appearance of glossiness with features such as highlights, contrast, and reflections on their surface, and therefore, metallic objects are very attractive to humans. Especially, gold, silver, and copper colors are familiar metals used as decorative materials, coins, and other furnishings. However, the mechanism and condition of metallic perception have not been fully investigated. There are a few studies for investigating metallic perception using rendered patches or images, but there is no study using real‐world objects. In our previous study, we developed a simple representation technique that made real objects appear to be made of gold by projecting a solid color onto a target nonmetallic object. By using the representation technique, in this study, we have further investigated the perception of metallic appearance such as gold, silver, and copper using real‐world materials, and analyzed the difference between these metallic perceptions. Our results indicate that the perception of the metallic object is different for gold, silver, and copper. Our new findings are as follows: the glitter required for the perception of gold and silver becomes an obstacle to the perception of copper; the metallic perception reveals that learning experience might be strongly affecting; and luminance adjustment is sensitive to the perception of metallic objects.
Expansion Microscopy: Protocols for Imaging Proteins and RNA in Cells and Tissues
Authors: Asano Shoh M. , Gao Ruixuan , Wassie Asmamaw T. , Tillberg Paul W. , Chen Fei , Boyden Edward S. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractExpansion microscopy (ExM) is a recently developed technique that enables nanoscale‐resolution imaging of preserved cells and tissues on conventional diffraction‐limited microscopes via isotropic physical expansion of the specimens before imaging. In ExM, biomolecules and/or fluorescent labels in the specimen are linked to a dense, expandable polymer matrix synthesized evenly throughout the specimen, which undergoes 3‐dimensional expansion by ∼4.5 fold linearly when immersed in water. Since our first report, versions of ExM optimized for visualization of proteins, RNA, and other biomolecules have emerged. Here we describe best‐practice, step‐by‐step ExM protocols for performing analysis of proteins (protein retention ExM, or proExM) as well as RNAs (expansion fluorescence in situ hybridization, or ExFISH), using chemicals and hardware found in a typical biology lab. Furthermore, a detailed protocol for handling and mounting expanded samples and for imaging them with confocal and light‐sheet microscopes is provided. © 2020 The Authors.
What position do you play? Eating disorder pathology among rugby players, and the understudied role of player position
Authors: Compte Emilio J. , Murray Stuart B. , Sepúlveda Ana R. , Schweiger Sofia , Bressan Michelle , Torrente Fernando 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveMale athletes appear to be at high risk for Eating Disorders (ED), given sport‐related pressures. Although in some sports weight loss confers a competitive advantage, men also participate in sports where a large body is considered to enhance performance. In rugby a heavier body has been associated with sports success, however, physical demands vary given the position in the field (forward or back). We aimed to investigate whether ED pathology varied as a function of player position.MethodA cross‐sectional study was conducted among 203 rugby players (Mage = 21.78,SD= 3.54) in order assess associations between elevated eating pathology given the players' position, and with ED mediating mechanisms (physical comparison and exercise dependence).Results8.9% (95% CI: 4.9, 12.8) of the participants presented elevated eating pathology. Players' position, physical comparison and exercise dependence were associated with elevated eating pathology. Forwards tended to endorse binge eating more frequently, and showed higher levels of eating concerns.DiscussionOur findings suggest that ED symptoms differ as a function of player position, and that elevated eating pathology in rugby players is associated with appearance comparison and exercise dependence. Despite the possible implications for prevention and treatment efforts, the clinical validity of the current findings must be confirmed with further research.
AHNS Series: Do you know your guidelines? Optimizing outcomes in reoperative parathyroid surgery: Definitive multidisciplinary joint consensus guidelines of the American Head and Neck Society and the British Association of Endocrine and Thyroid Surgeons
Authors: Stack Brendan C. , Tolley Neil S. , Bartel Twyla B. , Bilezikian John P. , Bodenner Donald , Camacho Pauline , Cox Jeremy P. D. T. , Dralle Henning , Jackson James E. , Morris John C. , Orloff Lisa Ann , Palazzo Fausto , Ridge John A. , Scott‐Coombes David , Steward David L. , Terris David J. , Thompson Geoffrey , Randolph Gregory W. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundRevision parathyroid is challenging due to possible diagnostic uncertainty as well as the technical challenges it can present.MethodsA multidisciplinary panel of distinguished experts from the American Head and Neck Society (AHNS) Endocrine Section, the British Association of Endocrine and Thyroid Surgeons (BAETS), and other invited experts have reviewed this topic with the purpose of making recommendations based on current best evidence. The literature was also reviewed on May 12, 2017. PubMed (1946‐2017), Cochrane SR (2005‐2017), CT databases (1997‐2017), and Web of Science (1945‐2017) were searched with the following strategy: revision and reoperative parathyroidectomy to ensure completeness.ResultsGuideline recommendations were made in 3 domains: preoperative evaluation, surgical management, and alternatives to surgery. Eleven guideline recommendations are proposed.ConclusionReoperative parathyroid surgery is best avoided if possible. Our literature search and subsequent recommendations found that these cases are best managed by experienced surgeons using precision preoperative localization, intraoperative parathyroid hormone (PTH), and the team approach.
The puzzling effects of monetary policy in VARs: Invalid identification or missing information?
Authors: Kerssenfischer Mark 
Published: August 2018

SummaryStandard vector autoregressions (VARs) often find puzzling effects of monetary policy shocks. Is this due to an invalid (recursive) identification scheme, or because the underlying small‐scale VAR neglects important information? I employ factor methods and external instruments to answer this question and provide evidence that the root cause is missing information. In particular, while a recursively identified dynamic factor model yields conventional monetary policy effects across the board, a small‐scale VAR identified via external instruments does not. Importantly, the discrepancy between both models largely disappears once the information set of the VAR is augmented via factors. This finding is comforting news for the recent monetary literature. Two leading empirical advances with different underlying assumptions—namely external instruments (applied to a factor‐augmented VAR) and dynamic factor models (identified recursively)—find very similar effects of monetary policy shocks, cross‐verifying each other.
Abuse Potential of Buprenorphine/Samidorphan Combination Compared to Buprenorphine and Placebo: A Phase 1 Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Pathak Sanjeev , Vince Bradley , Kelsh Debra , Shram Megan J. , Setnik Beatrice , Lu Hong , Nangia Narinder , Stanford Arielle D. , Ehrich Elliot 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBuprenorphine/samidorphan combination (BUP/SAM) is an opioid system modulator being investigated as adjunctive treatment for major depressive disorder. BUP/SAM is a fixed‐dose combination of buprenorphine, a partial μ‐opioid receptor agonist and κ‐opioid receptor antagonist, and samidorphan, a μ‐opioid receptor antagonist added to address the abuse and dependence potential of buprenorphine. In this study, we assessed the effect of samidorphan on the abuse potential of buprenorphine in the BUP/SAM combination in nondependent, recreational, adult opioid users (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02413281). Participants were randomized to 6 treatments in a blinded, Williams crossover design: placebo, BUP/SAM at the intended therapeutic dose (2 mg/2 mg), at 4‐fold (8 mg/8 mg) and 8‐fold (16 mg/16 mg) the therapeutic dose, and buprenorphine alone (8 mg and 16 mg). The primary end point was maximum effect (Emax) on the visual analog scale for “at the moment” Drug Liking. Emax of Drug Liking for the BUP/SAM 2 mg/2 mg dose was similar to that for placebo (median within‐subject difference [90% confidence interval]: 2.5 [0.0–9.0]). The supratherapeutic doses of BUP/SAM showed differences of small magnitude on Drug Liking Emax compared to placebo. Drug Liking Emax for all BUP/SAM doses were significantly lower than those observed for either buprenorphine dose alone. Fewer participants reported adverse events associated with abuse potential with BUP/SAM than with buprenorphine alone, and the overall safety profile of BUP/SAM was consistent with prior reports in healthy volunteers. These findings indicate that samidorphan substantially reduces the abuse potential of buprenorphine in the BUP/SAM combination.
New formulations for the hybrid meshless‐MoM method applied to 2D scattering problems
Authors: Resende Ursula do Carmo , Moreira Fernando José da Silva , Afonso Márcio Matias , Coppoli Eduardo Henrique da Rocha 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this work, new formulations for the hybrid meshless‐method of moments technique are presented. The proposed approaches are applied for solving 2D electromagnetic scattering problems. The solution is obtained by dividing the problem into 2 subproblems: one internal to the scatterer and another external to it. For the internal subproblem, the meshless method is used for solving the weak form of the 2D Helmholtz equation. For the external subproblem, the Method of Moments is used for solving different combinations of electric field integral equation and magnetic field integral equation. Both subproblems are coupled by imposing the continuity of the tangential fields over the scatterer surface. The technique is applied for solving the TMz electromagnetic scattering by an infinite dielectric cylinder. Numerical and analytical results are compared to each other showing the validity and accuracy of the proposed approaches.
Telemental Health Delivery of Skills Training in Affective and Interpersonal Regulation (STAIR) for Rural Women Veterans Who Have Experienced Military Sexual Trauma
Authors: Weiss Brandon J. , Azevedo Kathryn , Webb Katie , Gimeno Julia , Cloitre Marylene 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis pilot study assessed the feasibility, acceptability, and initial efficacy of a skills‐focused treatment delivered via video teleconferencing (VTC) to women veterans living in rural areas who had experienced military sexual trauma (MST). The Skills Training in Affective and Interpersonal Regulation (STAIR) program focuses on teaching emotion management and interpersonal skills in 8 to 10 sessions. The STAIR program may be a good fit for individuals in rural areas for whom social isolation and low social support are particularly problematic. Clinic‐to‐clinic VTC was used to connect a STAIR therapist with veterans for weekly individual therapy sessions. The participants (n = 10) reported high satisfaction with the intervention and would recommend the program to others. There were significant pretreatment to posttreatment improvements in social functioning, Hedge's g = 1.41, as well as in posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, Hedge's g = 2.35; depression, Hedge's g = 1.81; and emotion regulation, Hedge's g = 2.32. This is the first report of the successful application of a skills‐focused treatment via VTC for women veterans.
Dispersing Nanoparticles by Chiral Liquid Crystalline Elastomers for Performance Enhancement of Epoxy Nanocomposites
Authors: Shen Yu , Cong Yue‐Hua , Zhang Bao‐Yan , Lang Qing‐You , Hu Bing 
Published: August 2018

AbstractEpoxy nanocomposites with novel chiral side‐chain liquid crystalline elastomers (CSLCE) as dispersant grafted alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles are prepared. The CSLCE are grafted onto the surface of Al2O3 by esterification, improving the dispersion of Al2O3 in organics. The side chain of CSLCE is composed of M1 containing a chiral mesogenic unit, a liquid crystal cross‐linking agent M2 containing a nematic mesogenic unit, and M3 containing carboxyl groups, which is because the structures can determine the characteristics of polymers. Optical rotation emerges via chiral mesogenic units in CSLCE, and the liquid crystal cross‐linking agent in the side chain causes the polymer to be linked into chains. The fracture toughness and thermal conductivity of Al2O3‐CSLCE/epoxy nanocomposites are significantly improved due to the good dispersion of Al2O3 nanoparticles in the epoxy and the synergistic interaction between Al2O3 and CSLCE. Meanwhile, the glass transition temperatures and thermal stability are enhanced.
Effect of 1‐ and 2‐Month High‐Dose Alpha‐Linolenic Acid Treatment on 13C‐Labeled Alpha‐Linolenic Acid Incorporation and Conversion in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Pignitter Marc , Lindenmeier Michael , Andersen Gaby , Herrfurth Cornelia , Beermann Christopher , Schmitt Joachim J. , Feussner Ivo , Fulda Martin , Somoza Veronika 
Published: August 2018

ScopeThe study aims at identifying 1) the most sensitive compartment among plasma phospholipids, erythrocytes, and LDL for studying alpha‐linolenic acid (ALA) conversion, and 2) whether ALA incorporation and conversion is saturable after administration of 13C‐labeled ALA‐rich linseed oil (LO). The effect of a daily intake of 7 g nonlabeled LO (>43% w/w ALA) for 1 month after bolus administration of 7 g 13C‐labeled LO on day 1, and for 2 months after bolus administration of 7 g 13C‐labeled LO on day 1 and day 29 on 13C‐ALA incorporation and conversion into its higher homologs is investigated in healthy volunteers.Methods and resultsIncorporation and conversion of LO‐derived 13C‐labeled ALA is quantified by applying compartmental modeling. After bolus administration, a fractional conversion of approximately 30% from 13C‐ALA to 13C‐DHA is calculated as reflected by the LDL compartment. Treatment with LO for 8 weeks induces a mean reduction of 13C‐ALA conversion to 13C‐DHA by 48% as reflected by the LDL compartment, and a mean reduction of the 13C‐ALA incorporation into LDL by 46%.ConclusionA 2‐month dietary intake of a high dose of LO is sufficient to reach saturation of ALA incorporation into LDL particles, which are responsible for ALA distribution in the body.
Quantitative accuracy of CT numbers: Theoretical analyses and experimental studies
Authors: Zhang Ran , Cruz‐Bastida Juan P. , Gomez‐Cardona Daniel , Hayes John W. , Li Ke , Chen Guang‐Hong 
Published: August 2018

PurposeThe CT number accuracy, that is, CT number bias, plays an important role in clinical diagnosis. When strategies to reduce radiation dose are discussed, it is important to make sure that the CT number bias is controlled within an acceptable range. The purpose of this paper was to investigate the dependence of CT number bias on radiation dose level and on image contrast (i.e., the difference in CT number between the ROI and the background) in Computed Tomography (CT).MethodsA lesion‐background model was introduced to theoretically study how the CT number bias changes with radiation exposure level and with CT number contrast when a simple linear reconstruction algorithm such as filtered backprojection (FBP) is used. The theoretical results were validated with experimental studies using a benchtop CT system equipped with a photon‐counting detector (XC‐HYDRA FX50, XCounter AB, Sweden) and a clinical diagnostic MDCT scanner (Discovery CT750 HD, GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI, USA) equipped with an energy‐integrating detector. The Catphan phantom (Catphan 600, the Phantom Laboratory, Salem, NY, USA) was scanned at different mAs levels and 50 scans were performed for each mAs. The bias of CT number was evaluated for each combination of mAs and ROIs with different contrast levels. An anthropomorphic phantom (ATOM 10‐year‐old phantom, Model 706, CIRS Inc. Norfolk, VA, USA) with much more heterogeneous object content was used to test the applicability of the theory to the more general image object cases.ResultsBoth theoretical and experimental studies showed that the CT number bias is inversely proportional to the radiation exposure level yet linearly dependent on the CT number contrast between the lesion and the background, that is, .ConclusionsThe quantitative accuracy of CT numbers can be problematic and thus needs some extra attention when radiation dose is reduced. In this work, we showed that the bias of the FBP reconstruction increases as mAs is reduced; both positive and negative bias can be observed depending on the contrast difference between a targeted ROI and its surrounding background tissues.
From Chemical Serendipity to Translational Chemistry: New Findings in the Reactivity of Palladacycles
Authors: Fernández‐Figueiras Adolfo , Lucio‐Martínez Fátima , Munín‐Cruz Paula , Ortigueira Juan M. , Polo‐Ces Paula , Reigosa Francisco , Pereira M. Teresa , Vila José M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn the world of science, in particular the section concerning the field of chemistry, when the results encountered during the experiment do not meet our expectations, our shrewdness may play an important role to open up new unexplored fields that could be much more interesting than what we were seeking. In those cases, our research undergoes an unforeseen shift, delivering novel and challenging results that may altogether alter our point of view and our future work. We have then struck serendipity. Specifically, in our investigation linked to palladacycles we have found that the new trends in their reactivity, as well as in their structure, have been, in many cases, related to this experience, broadening our research scope within this field. Herein, we describe our most relevant findings, which have shed new light upon the reactivity of palladacycles, thus opening new routes that lead to novel unexpected structures.
Proteomics and Lipidomics in the Elucidation of Endocannabinoid Signaling in Healthy and Schizophrenia Brains
Authors: Seabra Gabriela , Falvella Ana Caroline B. , Guest Paul C. , Martins‐de‐Souza Daniel , de Almeida Valéria 
Published: August 2018

AbstractInterest in the modulation of endocannabinoid signaling has increased since the discovery of receptors for compounds of Cannabis sativa. Endocannabinoids are crucial neuromodulators of many brain functions and changes in the ligands and their receptors have been associated with psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia. Genetic, neuroimaging, and behavioral studies have reinforced the role of endocannabinoids in the pathobiology of schizophrenia. However, molecular pathways and biological processes involved in cannabinoid effects are not totally understood. Additionally, the endocannabinoid signaling network with other non‐cannabinoid targets, and the effects of phytocannabinoids increase the complexity to understand their role in schizophrenia and homeostasis conditions. Thus, proteomic studies can provide evidence about the involvement of cannabinoid receptors, as well as the metabolic and synthetic enzymes of the endocannabinoids in these disorders. Additionally, quantification of endocannabinoids in the blood serum or cerebrospinal fluid can be a useful approach to identify new biomarkers in schizophrenia, and lipidomic techniques can be used to quantify these compounds. Herein, the authors review proteomic and lipidomic studies that have been used for analysis of the endocannabinoid system in healthy and schizophrenia function. The findings may contribute to understand the involvement of endocannabinoids in the brain and in the neurobiological basis of schizophrenia.
Constitutive overexpression of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase genes contributes to chlorantraniliprole resistance in Chilo suppressalis (Walker)
Authors: Xu Lu , Zhao Jun , Sun Yang , Xu Dejin , Xu Guangchun , Xu Xiaolong , Zhang Yueliang , Huang Shuijin , Han Zhaojun , Gu Zhongyan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe rice striped stem borer (SSB), Chilo suppressalis (Walker), which is one of the most economically important phytophagous pests, has developed resistance to multiple insecticides. The resistance of SSB against chlorantraniliprole has been investigated in detail. However, the mechanism of its metabolic resistance has rarely been studied.RESULTSA field population from Wuhu City, China was used to establish chlorantraniliprole resistant and susceptible strains (WHR and WHS) by laboratory continuous selection. Enzyme activities data suggested the potential involvement of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase in WHR. CYP6CV5, CYP9A68, CYP321F3, and CYP324A12 were significantly overexpressed in WHR (from 4.48 to 44.88‐fold). These four P450 genes were expressed in the late developmental stages of WHR; however, they were almost absent during the egg stage. In addition, their expressions were much more sensitive to chlorantraniliprole induction in WHR than in WHS. Injection of individual and mixture dsRNAs reduced the expression of the four target genes (55.2–73.2% and 43.2–50.2%, respectively) and caused significant larvae mortality (55.1–65.1% and 88.2%, respectively).CONCLUSIONMultiple overexpressed P450 genes were potentially associated with chlorantraniliprole resistance, as confirmed by the RNA interference (RNAi) assay. Our findings suggested that metabolic resistance to chlorantraniliprole might be mediated by P450s. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
In vitro spermatogenesis: A century‐long research journey, still half way around
Authors: Komeya Mitsuru , Sato Takuya , Ogawa Takehiko 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundSpermatogenesis is one of the most complicated cellular differentiation processes in a body. Researchers struggled to find and develop a micro‐environmental condition that can support the process in vitro. Such endeavors can be traced back to a century ago and are yet continuing.MethodsReports on in vitro spermatogenesis and related works were selected and classified into four categories based on the method used; organ culture, tubule culture, cell culture, and 3‐dimensional cell culture methods. Each report was critically reviewed from the present point of view by authors who have been working on in vitro spermatogenesis with organ culture method over a decade.ResultsThe organ culture method has the longest history and is the most successful method, which produced fertile mouse sperm from spermatogonial stem cells. Formulation of the medium was a key factor, most importantly serum‐derived substances. However, factors in the serum that induce and support spermatogenesis in the cultured tissue remain to be identified. In addition, the success of mouse spermatogenesis is yet to be applied to other animals. On looking into the history of cell culture method, it became clear that Sertoli cells as feeder cells play an important role. Even with Sertoli cells, however, spermatogenic development has been limited to small parts of spermatogenesis, a segmented period of meiotic prophase for instance. Recent developments of organoid or 3‐dimensional culture techniques are promising but they still need further refinements.ConclusionThe study of in vitro spermatogenesis progressed significantly over the last century. We need more work, however, to establish a culture system that can induce and maintain complete spermatogenesis of many if not all mammalian species.