bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does plant diversity affect the water balance of established grassland systems?
Authors: Leimer Sophia , Bischoff Sebastian , Boch Steffen , Busch Verena , Escher Peter , Fischer Markus , Hänsel Falk , Hölzel Norbert , Kerber Katja , Klaus Valentin H. , Kleinebecker Till , Michalzik Beate , Nauss Thomas , Schäfer Deborah , Schöning Ingo , Schwarz Martin T. , Siemens Jan , Thieme Lisa , Wöllauer Stephan , Wilcke Wolfgang 
Published: February 2018

AbstractEvidence from experimental grasslands indicated that plant biodiversity modifies the water cycle, but it is unclear if this is also true for established land‐use systems. Therefore, we investigated how actual evapotranspiration (ETa), downward flux (DF), and upward flux (UF) in soil are related with land use and plant diversity in agriculturally managed grassland. In three Central European regions (“Biodiversity Exploratories”), we studied 29 grassland plots (50 × 50 m; 9–11 plots per region) covering the land‐use classes pasture, mown pasture, and meadow, in at least triplicate per region. From 2010 to 2015, we measured soil moisture, meteorological conditions, plant species richness, cover, and number of species in the functional groups of grasses, herbs, and legumes, aboveground biomass and root biomass on each plot. Annual ETa, DF, and UF were calculated for two soil layers with a soil water balance model and statistically analysed for land‐use and biodiversity effects with analysis of variance. Water fluxes were not significantly affected by land‐use class. UF did not vary between plots with different species richness and plant functional group composition. DF from topsoil increased with increasing number of grass species. ETa from topsoil decreased with increasing species richness and with the number of herb or legume species, whereas ETa from subsoil increased. Our results demonstrate that plant diversity influences the soil depth partitioning of water use, but the complex drivers of this relationship in agriculturally managed grassland still need to be disentangled.
Development of Glass‐sealed Gold Nanoelectrodes for in vivo Detection of Dopamine in Rat Brain
Authors: Ding Shushu , Liu Yingzi , Ma Chunrong , Zhang Junqi , Zhu Anwei , Shi Guoyue 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn vivo monitoring of dopamine (DA) in cerebral nervous system with no traumatic brain injury is still a challenging work for reliably evaluating the role that DA plays in physical and cognitive functionality. In this work, to reduce the traumatic injury on the brain tissue, we develop a glass‐sealed Au nanoelectrode (GSNE) with nanoscale physical dimention for cerebral DA detection. First, an Au microwire was sealed into the pre‐thinned silica capillary. Then, the obtained Au/capillary assembly was pulled into two tips followed by polishing away the excess glass to expose the Au nanotip. The morphology of GSNE was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that this nanoelectrode can be quickly fabricated with high reproducibility. By further electrodepositing cluster‐like gold nanostructure on GSNE and modifying Nafion, amperometric detection of DA with high sensitivity and good selectivity were achieved on the Nafion‐modified Au/GSNE. Moreover, the Nafion‐modified Au/GSNE possessed advantages of easy tissue insertion and minimum tissue disturbance. Thus, the developed electrochemical nanosensor was successfully used for amperometrically monitoring DA level in the striatum of anesthetic rats.
Development of a Novel Versatile Method for Determination of two Antihistamines in Association with Naphazoline Using Cathodically Pretreated Boron‐doped Diamond Electrode
Authors: Oliveira Thiago da Costa , Freitas Jhonys Machado , Muñoz Rodrigo Alejandro Abarza , Richter Eduardo Mathias 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAntihistamines such as pheniramine (PHN) or chlorpheniramine (CPH) are commonly associated with naphazoline (NPZ) in eye drops and nasal decongestants. In this work, a batch‐injection analysis system with multiple pulse amperometric (BIA‐MPA) detection has been applied for the first time for fast simultaneous determination of naphazoline (NPZ) and pheniramine (PHN) or NPZ and chlorpheniramine (CPH). PHN or CPH was selectively detected at +1.1 V and both PHN and NPZ or CPH and NPZ were detected at +1.3 V using boron doped diamond (BDD) as working electrode and Britton‐Robinson (BR) buffer (pH=10.0) as supporting electrolyte. The current of NPZ can then be obtained by subtraction of the currents detected at both potential pulses and applying a correction factor (CF). The proposed method presented good intra‐day repeatability (RSD between 0.7 and 3.2 % for PHN; 0.7 and 2.1 % for CPH; 1.5 and 4.0 % for NPZ; n=20), high analytical frequency (>80 injections h−1), and limits of detection of 0.64, 0.47 and 0.11 μmol L−1 for PHN, CPH and NPZ, respectively. The results obtained with the proposed method are in agreement with those obtained by HPLC (95 % confidence level).
Prussian Blue Analogues as Promising Thermal Power Generation Materials
Authors: Fukuzumi Yuya , Amaha Kaoru , Kobayashi Wataru , Niwa Hideharu , Mortitomo Yutaka 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe thermal coefficient (α=dV/dT) of redox potential (V) enables an efficient thermal power generation using waste heat. Actually, a battery‐type thermocell, which consists of two kinds of redoxable solids with different α as anode and cathode, is demonstrated to produce electric energy in thermal cycles. To fabricate high performance device, α is systematically investigated in three kinds of Prussian blue analogues (PBAs), NaxCo[Fe(CN)6]0.71 (abbreviated as NCF71), NaxCo[Fe(CN)6]0.90 (NCF90) and NaxMn[Fe(CN)6]0.83 (NMF83), against the Na+ concentration (x). NCF90 shows the highest positive α (=1.4 mV K−1) in the lower‐lying plateau while NMF83 shows the highest negative α (=−0.4 mV K−1) in the lower‐lying plateau. In addition, the NCF90/NMF83 thermocell produces 5.5 meV/NCF90 in the initial cycle between TL (=286 K) and TH (=313 K). The thermal efficiency (η=2.3 %) reaches 27 % of the Carnot efficiency (ηcarnot=8.7 %). Thus, PBAs are promising materials for thermal power generation.
Comparison of the aromatic profile of traditional and modern types of Huang Jiu (Chinese rice wine) by aroma extract dilution analysis and chemical analysis
Authors: Chen Shuang , Xu Yan , Qian Michael C. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe differences in aroma profiles between traditional and modern types of Huang Jiu (Chinese rice wine) have been evaluated by sensory evaluation, comparative aroma extract dilution analysis (cAEDA), and chemical analysis. Sensory analysis revealed that traditional Huang Jiu has a higher overall aroma intensity than modern Huang Jiu, with contributions from the significantly higher intensity of the Qu aroma, as well as smoky, caramel notes. The cAEDA revealed 34 and 22 odor‐active regions with flavor dilution (FD) factors of ≥64 for the traditional and modern types of Huang Jiu, respectively. Twenty‐six odor‐active regions were detected with higher FD factors in traditional Huang Jiu. A total of 34 aroma compounds were then quantitatively measured in different types of Huang Jiu, and their odor activity values (OAVs) were calculated. The compounds with the highest OAVs in both types of Huang Jiu were 3‐methylbutanoic acid, vanillin, phenylacetaldehyde, ethyl hexanoate, and ethyl butanoate. The OAVs of benzaldehyde, geosmin, γ‐decalactone, and phenol were greater than 1 in traditional Huang Jiu, but less than 1 in modern types of Huang Jiu. These results revealed that the different sensory characteristics of the two types of Huang Jiu can be explained by the significantly different levels of benzaldehyde, vanillin, sotolon, geosmin, and phenolic compounds.
Salvage skull base reconstruction in the endoscopic era: Vastus lateralis free tissue transfer
Authors: Kang Stephen Y. , Eskander Antoine , Hachem Ralph Abi , Ozer Enver , Teknos Theodoros N. , Old Matthew O. , Prevedello Daniel M. , Carrau Ricardo L. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundWhen locoregional flaps fail to reconstruct the skull base, the microvascular surgeon faces several reconstructive challenges. We present our technique and results of salvage anterior skull base reconstruction utilizing the vastus lateralis free tissue transfer (VLFTT).MethodsFour patients with anterior skull base defects after previous locoregional flap failure underwent free tissue transfer reconstruction with VLFTT.ResultsThe success rate of free tissue transfer was 100%. Complete separation of the intracranial and sinonasal cavities was achieved in all patients; thus, resolving the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage in all patients. The VLFTT was inset through a minimally invasive approach utilizing an anterior maxillotomy via a gingivobuccal incision, an endoscopic medial maxillectomy, and endoscopic inset in all patients. No vein grafts were needed.ConclusionThis technique permits endoscopic endonasal inset and placement of reliable, well vascularized free tissue that may be utilized for complex, secondary reconstruction of the skull base.
A constructive characterisation of circuits in the simple (2,1)‐sparse matroid
Authors: McCourt Thomas A. , Nixon Anthony 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA simple graphis a (2, 1)‐circuit ifandfor every proper subgraphHofG. Motivated, in part, by ongoing work to understand unique realisations of graphs on surfaces, we derive a constructive characterisation of (2, 1)‐circuits. The characterisation uses the well‐known 1‐extension andX‐replacement operations as well as several summation moves to glue together (2, 1)‐circuits over small cutsets.
On the SERS quantitative determination of organic dyes
Authors: Ricci Marilena , Trombetta Elisa , Castellucci Emilio , Becucci Maurizio 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe use of surface‐enhanced Raman scattering methods for the quantitative determination of different molecular species is not trivial as many parameters seriously affect the outcome of any experiment. In this work, we use as a case study the quantitative analysis of ionic organics dyes. We report on the role of different molecular properties to the modulation of the surface‐enhanced Raman scattering signal, the useful dynamic range for the determination, the dynamics of the molecule‐nanoparticle interaction process, and the time dependency of the signal. The consequences on the quantitative determination on dye mixtures, often found in the analysis of artworks, are discussed.
Long‐term quality of life after esophagectomy with gastric pull‐up
Authors: Mantoan Silvia , Cavallin Francesco , Pinto Eleonora , Saadeh Luca M. , Alfieri Rita , Cagol Matteo , Bellissimo Maria C. , Castoro Carlo , Scarpa Marco 
Published: February 2018

Background and ObjectivesData on long‐term health‐related quality of life (HRQL) after esophagectomy for cancer show contradictory results. The aim was to analyze long‐term HRQL at 3 or more years after esophagectomy.MethodsSurvivors were identified among patients who had undergone esophagectomy during 2007‐2013 using the local clinic database. Quality of life was assessed using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ‐C30 and OG25 questionnaires. Specific aspects were selected a priori and compared with published scores from European healthy subjects (mean difference, MD).ResultsSixty‐five long‐term survivors (median follow‐up 4 years) were identified. All functional scales and most symptom scales were clinically similar between EC long‐term survivors and European healthy subjects. Survivors reported more problems concerning eating (MD 13.1, 95% C.I. 10.6‐15.6) and reflux (MD 19.7, 95% C.I. 15.9‐23.5). HQRL variation from discharge to long term was available in 27 participants who reported improvements in role functioning (MD 40.1, 95%C.I. 24.3‐56.0) and dysphagia (MD −41.9, 95% C.I. −51.7 to 32.0).ConclusionsLong‐term HRQL after esophagectomy is similar between EC survivors and European healthy subjects, despite persisting reflux and eating problems. Further research may focus on improvements of postoperative alimentary habits.
The effect of publishing a highly cited paper on a journal's impact factor: A case study of the Review of Particle Physics
Authors: Liu Weishu , Liu Fang , Zuo Chao , Zhu Junwen 
Published: February 2018

Key points
A more general and continuous form of ‘A short history of SHELX’ phenomenon has been found.
The Review of Particle Physics (RPP) series, which is called the bible in the particle physics field, is highly cited by other research papers.
The RPP phenomenon is found in different journals and is affected by the host journal's impact factor and publication size.
The RPP phenomenon provides a big or small, but temporary, boost to its host journal's impact factor.
Synthesis of Macromolecules Containing Phenylalanine and Aliphatic Building Blocks
Authors: Chan‐Seng Delphine , Louwsma Jeroen , Lutz Jean‐François , Joly Stéphane 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAiming at developing efficient interfacial agents for fiber‐reinforced composite materials, macromolecules are designed to have different components able to stick to the fiber and be compatible with the polymer matrix, respectively. Herein, macromolecules are prepared by solid‐phase synthesis considering phenylalanine residues to promote adsorption of the macromolecule on aramid fibers and aliphatic building blocks to interact with a hydrophobic polymer matrix. Using phenylalanine as building block for the preparation of macromolecules by iterative synthesis has been shown to be challenging. Thus, the screening of various parameters for the optimization of the synthesis of these macromolecules is discussed in this communication. A preliminary thermal study by thermal gravimetric analysis is conducted to evaluate their thermal stability.
2′‐Fluoro‐6′‐methylene carbocyclic adenosine and its phosphoramidate prodrug: A novel anti‐HBV agent, active against drug‐resistant HBV mutants
Authors: Singh Uma S. , Mulamoottil Varughese A. , Chu Chung K. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractChronic hepatitis B (CHB) is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Currently, clinically approved nucleos(t)ide analogs (NAs) are very efficient in reducing the load of hepatitis B virus (HBV) with minimum side effects. However, the long‐term administration of antiviral drugs promotes HBV for potential drug resistance. To overcome this problem, combination therapies are administered, but HBV progressively altered mutations remain a threat. Therefore, optimally designed NAs are urgently needed to treat drug‐resistant HBV. Herein, 2′‐fluoro‐6′‐methylene carbocyclic adenosine (FMCA) and its phosphoramidate (FMCAP) have been discovered, which may be utilized in combination therapies for curing drug‐resistant chronic hepatitis B. In preclinical studies, these carbocyclic NAs demonstrated potential anti‐HBV activity against adefovir, as well as lamivudine (LMV/LAM) drug‐resistant mutants. In vitro, these molecules have demonstrated significant activity against LMV/entecavir (ETV) triple mutants (L180M + S202G + M204V). Also, preliminary studies of FMCA/FMCAP in chimeric mice and female Non‐obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) mouse models having the LMV/ETV triple mutant have shown a high rate of reduction of HBV DNA levels compared to ETV. In this review, we have summarized preclinical studies of FMCA and its phosphoramidate prodrug (FMCAP).
Super‐wideband CPW fed modified square monopole antenna with stabilized radiation characteristics
Authors: Okas Piyush , Sharma Anand , Gangwar Ravi Kumar 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis article explores the design and analysis of a CPW fed modified square monopole antenna for super wideband (SWB) application. Three key features of proposed radiating structure are: (1) semi‐circular base provides smother impedance variation and helpful in the creation of more than decade (10:1) impedance bandwidth (super‐wideband); (2) modified square shaped monopole reduce the lower frequency of operation and create larger BDR value (7871.49); (3) trimmed edges provide stabilized radiation characteristics even at higher frequencies. In order to endorse the simulated outcomes, prototype of proposed antenna structure is fabricated and tested. Good settlement is to be found between measured and simulated outcomes. From experimental results, it confirms that the proposed radiator is operating over more than decade (14.52:1) bandwidth that is, 0.95‐13.8 GHz (VSWR < 2). Time domain analysis of proposed radiator also supports its applicability for SWB applications. The proposed radiator is quite appropriate for different wireless applications such as Amature Radio, Digital Audio Broadcasting, ISM, Wi‐Fi, GPS, Bluetooth, WLAN, and UWB applications.
A quad‐band dual‐polarized monopole antenna for GNSS/UMTS/WLAN/WiMAX applications
Authors: Brar Rajveer Singh , Saurav Kushmanda , Sarkar Debdeep , Srivastava Kumar Vaibhav 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA quad‐band dual‐polarized monopole with asymmetrical microstrip feed line is proposed in this article. The proposed antenna exhibits a linearly polarized behavior in three operating bands for UMTS, WLAN 2.4 GHz, and WiMAX 3.5 GHz applications while a circularly polarized nature in the lowermost band for the GPS/GLONASS. The multiband operation is achieved because of λ/4 mode of resonances of three different monopole lengths and 3λ/4 mode of longer monopole. The 3λ/4 mode of larger monopole is controlled by using an L‐Shaped stub to make it useful for WiMAX application (3.5 GHz). The circular polarization for GPS (band‐L1, 1575 MHz) is achieved by using an L‐shaped slit with the ground plane which leads to generation of magnetic current orthogonal to the longest monopole current corresponding to the lowermost resonance frequency. The proposed antenna exhibits impedance bandwidths of 11.22%, 7.9%, 6.84%, and 4.26% at the resonant frequencies of 1.5, 2.02, 2.46, and 3.51 GHz, respectively. The axial ratio bandwidth corresponding to the GPS band is 2.5%. The proposed antenna has dual sense circular polarization (LHCP in θ = 0° and RHCP in θ = 180°) and bi‐directional radiation patterns at GPS/GLONASS band along with stable gain and good efficiency in all the operating bands.
Wideband and low RCS circularly polarized slot antenna based on polarization conversion of metasurface for satellite communication application
Authors: Zheng Qi , Guo Chenjiang , Ding Jun 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA wideband low‐profile circularly polarized (CP) slot antenna with low radar cross section (RCS) based on polarization conversion of metasurface (MS) for C‐band satellite communication system is presented and investigated. The corner‐truncated square MS is utilized to transform linearly polarized (LP) incident wave to CP radiation. Simulated results show that the CP antenna achieves an impedance bandwidth of 33.6% (4.45–6.25 GHz) and a 3‐dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of 18.2% (5.05–6.05 GHz). The antenna gain ranges from 7.25 to 7.95 dBic across the operating band. In addition, simulated results demonstrate that RCS of proposed antenna is reduced over 10 dB from 4.40 to 6.00 GHz with respect to traditional slot antenna. The simulated monostatic RCS of the antenna is lower than −30 dBsm in the whole operating band. Finally, an overall size of 38.8 mm
38.8 mm
3.5 mm (
at 5.50 GHz) antenna is fabricated and measured. The experimental results are in good agreement with the simulated ones.
Uric acid sensing using tapered silica optical fiber coated with zinc oxide nanorods
Authors: Yusof H. H. M. , Rahim H. R. A. , Thokchom S. , Dimyati K. , Harun S. W. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn this paper, fiber‐optic sensors by different tapered lengths of silica optical fiber (SOF) coated with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods were fabricated and demonstrated to detect different concentrations of uric acid. The SOFs were tapered in the length of 1 cm, 3 cm, 5 cm, and 7 cm using flame brushing technique. ZnO nanorods were coated on the surface of the tapered SOFs for 24 hours using sol‐gel immersion method. The sensing experiment was performed by dipping the SOF in the uric acid solution. One end of the SOF was connected to a light source and while the other end to an optical analyzer. The output of the sensor was analyzed for different uric acid concentration from 0 ppm to 500 ppm with the different tapered lengths of SOF sensors. The result shows that the sensor with tapered length of 7 cm had the highest sensitivity response of 0.0006 mV/ppm with linearity of 98.52%. In addition, all tapered size of sensor shows significant improvement of sensing performance with sensitivity consistently improved from 1 cm to 7 cm with good linearity as ZnO nanorods coated the tapered lengths. The detection limit was found to be at 0.2 ppm in the range of uric acid concentration.
Quad‐ and sext‐band bandpass filter based on multimode resonator utilizing SIRs‐loaded tapered‐line
Authors: Li Xiaokun , Zhang Yonghong , Tian Yin , Yang Yang , Fan Yong 
Published: February 2018

AbstractOn a basis of multimode resonator (MMR) using SIRs‐loaded tapered‐line (SIRTL),novel quad‐ and sext‐band bandpass filter are investigated and fabricated. Due to some merits like existing accurate analytical technique, simplicity in construction and excellent matching behavior, parabolic tapered‐line are selected as the building block of MMR. In addition, with SIRs loaded at different points of tapered‐line, quad‐ and sext‐band responses can be obtained. Moreover, relationship between parabolic tapered‐line and profile of microstrip is set up. Accordingly, circular‐profile microstrip has been chosen to realize parabolic tapered‐line. Therefore, designs of quad‐ and sext‐band bandpass filter become available. Good agreement between simulated and measured results validates the design method.
Quarter‐wavelength printed quadrifilar helical antenna design for UHF RFID handheld reader applications
Authors: Chiu Chien‐Wen , Wang Wei‐Hsu , Wang Hwang‐Cheng 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis article presents a compact size and light weight PQHA for handheld UHF RFID reader applications. Quarter‐wavelength inverted‐F resonators are employed as the basic radiation elements for the four arms of the QHA. The height of the designed reader antenna is only 27 mm so that it features compact size but still preserves satisfactory electrical performance. The antenna is fed by a four‐port quadrature phase feeding system fabricated by only lumped elements. The feeding system printed on a FR4 substrate measures only 60 × 60 × 1.6 mm3. The measured fractional bandwidth of the proposed PQHA system is about 21% and the 3‐dB axial ratio bandwidth ranging from 800 to 1000 MHz covers the whole UHF RFID band. The measured maximum gain is around 3.2 dBic in the North American band and the 3‐dB beamwidth is about 120° at 920 MHz. The measured reading distance along line of sight is approximately 7.2 m using a commercial 4W EIRP reader and a standard tag. The advantages of the antenna are easy implementation, light weight and low cost, making it suitable for handheld UHF RFID reader applications.