bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Positive effects of liana cutting on seedlings are reduced during El Niño‐induced drought
Authors: O'Brien Michael J. , Philipson Christopher D. , Reynolds Glen , Dzulkifli Dzaeman , Snaddon Jake L. , Ong Robert , Hector Andy 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Liana cutting is a management practice currently applied to encourage seedling regeneration and tree growth in some logged tropical forests. However, there is limited empirical evidence of its effects on forest demographic rates in Southeast Asia.

We used 22 four‐hectare plots in the Sabah Biodiversity Experiment (a reduced impact logging site) enrichment line planted with 16 dipterocarp species to assess the effects of complete liana cutting on tree growth and survival. We compared plots where lianas were only cut along planting lines (standard enrichment line planting) with those with one (2014) or two rounds (2011 and 2014) of complete liana cutting.

We found increased seedling growth following the first complete liana cut in 2011 relative to the enrichment line planting, consistent with previous studies. The response after 3 years to the cutting in 2014 depended on whether lianas had been previously cut or not: in twice‐cut plots, seedling growth was not significantly different from the standard enrichment planting controls, whereas growth in plots with only one complete cut in 2014 was significantly slower. Seedling survival decreased through time for both once‐ and twice‐cut liana treatments but remained stable in controls.

Sapling growth after the 2014 liana cutting showed a similar pattern to seedling growth, while tree growth following the 2014 liana cutting was significantly lower than controls regardless of whether lianas were cut twice (2011 and 2014) or once (2014).

Differences in response between the two rounds of liana cutting were likely due to changes in precipitation—2011 was followed by consistent rainfall while 2014 was followed by two severe droughts within 2 years.

Synthesis and applications. Our results generally support the widely reported positive effects of liana cutting on tree growth and survival. However, reduced growth and survival after the 2015/2016 El Niño suggests that drought may temporarily undermine the benefits of liana cutting in logged tropical forests. Managers of similar areas in SE Asia should consider halting liana cutting during El Niño events. In other tropical areas, seedling survival should be monitored to assess to what extent results from SE Asia are transferable.
New insights and improved strategies for the management of primary spontaneous pneumothorax
Authors: Plojoux Jérôme , Froudarakis Marios , Janssens Jean‐Paul , Soccal Paola M. , Tschopp Jean‐Marie 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe pathophysiology and management of primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) are a subject of debate. Despite advances in the understanding of its etiopathogenesis and improvements in its management, implementation in clinical practice is suboptimal. In this manuscript, we review the recent literature with a focus on PSP pathophysiology and management. Blebs and emphysema‐like changes (ELC) are thought to contribute to the pathophysiology of PSP but cannot explain all cases. Recent studies emphasize the role of a diffuse porosity of the visceral pleura. Others found a relationship between smoking, occurrence of a PSP and bronchiolitis, which could be the initial pathological process leading to ELC development. Recent or ongoing studies challenge the need to systematically remove air from the pleural cavity of stable patients, introducing conservative management as a valuable therapeutic option. Evidence is growing in favour of needle aspiration instead of chest tube insertion, when air evacuation is needed. In addition, ambulatory management is considered as a successful approach in meta‐analyses and is under exploration in a large randomized study. Because of a high recurrence rate of PSP, the benefit of performing a pleurodesis at first occurrence is under evaluation with interesting but not generalizable results. Better identification of ‘at risk patients’ is needed to improve the investigation strategy. Finally, recent publications confirm the efficacy, security and cost‐effectiveness of graded talc poudrage pleurodesis to prevent PSP recurrence. In conclusion, PSP pathophysiology and management are still under investigation. The results of recently published and ongoing studies should be more widely implemented in clinical practice.
Neuroprotective potential of adenosine A1 receptor partial agonists in experimental models of cerebral ischemia
Authors: Martire Alberto , Lambertucci Catia , Pepponi Rita , Ferrante Antonella , Benati Nicholas , Buccioni Michela , Dal Ben Diego , Marucci Gabriella , Klotz Karl‐Norbert , Volpini Rosaria , Popoli Patrizia 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCerebral ischemia is the second most common cause of death and a major cause of disability worldwide. Available therapies are based only on anticoagulants or recombinant tissue plasminogen activator. Extracellular adenosine increases during ischemia and acts as a neuroprotective endogenous agent mainly by activating adenosine A1 receptors (A1Rs) which control calcium influx, glutamate release, membrane potential, and metabolism. Accordingly, in many experimental paradigms it has been already demonstrated that the stimulation of A1R with full agonists is able to reduce ischemia‐related structural and functional brain damage; unfortunately, cardiovascular side effects and desensitization of A1R induced by these compounds have strongly limited their exploitation in stroke therapy so far. Among the newly emerging compounds, A1R partial agonists could be almost free of side effects and equally effective. Therefore, we decided to evaluate the neuroprotective potential of two A1R partial agonists, namely 2′‐dCCPA and 3′‐dCCPA, in in vitro and ex vivo experimental models of cerebral ischemia. Within the experimental paradigm of oxygen‐glucose deprivation in vitro in human neuroblastoma (SH‐SY5Y) cells both A1R partial agonists increased cell viability. Considering the high level of expression of A1Rs in the hippocampus and the susceptibility of CA1 region to hypoxia, we performed electrophysiological experiments in this subfield. The application of 7 min of oxygen‐glucose deprivation constantly produces an irreversible synaptic failure in all the C57Bl/6 mice hippocampal slices evaluated; both tested compounds allowed a significant recovery of synaptic transmission. These findings demonstrate that A1R and its partial agonists are still of interest for cerebral ischemia therapy.Open Science BadgesThis article has received a badge for *Open Materials* because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript. The complete Open Science Disclosure form for this article can be found at the end of the article. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.
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Nasal high flow therapy for neonates: Current evidence and future directions
Authors: Hodgson Kate A , Davis Peter G , Owen Louise S 
Published: January 2019

AbstractNasal high flow (nHF) therapy is a commonly used method of providing non‐invasive respiratory support for neonates. It has several potential mechanisms of action: continuous distending pressure, nasopharyngeal dead space washout, provision of heated and humidified gases and reduction of work of breathing. nHF is used in a number of clinical scenarios for preterm and term infants, including primary respiratory and post‐extubation support. In recent years, large trials have generated evidence pertinent to these indications. Novel applications for nHF in neonates warrant further research: during endotracheal intubation, for initial delivery room stabilisation of preterm infants and in conjunction with minimally invasive surfactant therapy.
Global incidence and profile of ameloblastoma: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Hendra Faqi Nurdiansyah , Van Cann Ellen M. , Helder Marco N. , Ruslin Muhammad , de Visscher Jan G. , Forouzanfar Tymour , de Vet Henrica C. W. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the global incidence of ameloblastoma and to provide a profile of ameloblastoma patients.Material and MethodsA systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted. Searches were performed in PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and Web of Science for articles published from 1969 to 2018 for the global incidence and from 1995 to 2018 for the profile of ameloblastoma patients.ResultsSeven studies on the incidence rate of ameloblastoma were included in the meta‐analysis. These studies only covered Europe, Africa, and Australia. The pooled incidence rate was 0.92 per million person‐years (95% CI: 0.57–1.49), with significant heterogeneity between studies. Forty‐two articles provided profile data of 6,446 ameloblastoma patients. Mean age was 34 years and the peak age incidence in the third decade of life. In Europe and North America, ameloblastoma mostly occurred at an older age when compared to Africa and South America. A slight male preference (53%) was found, and the mandible appeared to be the preferred site. The most common type of ameloblastoma was multicystic. The histopathologic patterns were mostly follicular and plexiform.ConclusionsThis is the first study assessing the global incidence of ameloblastoma. The pooled incidence rate was determined to be 0.92 per million person‐years.
Effect of straw amendment modes on soil organic carbon, nitrogen sequestration and crop yield on the North‐Central Plain of China
Authors: Zhao Huili , Ning Peng , Chen Yanlong , Liu Jifei , Ghaffar Shar A. , Xiaohong Tian , Shi Jianglan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe quantified the effects of different straw return modes on soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen content (TN) and C:N ratios in a wheat/maize double‐cropping agricultural system by analysing their content in different soil aggregate sizes and density fractions under four modes of straw return: (a) no return/retention of wheat and maize straw (Control); (b) retention of long wheat stubble only (Wheat Stubble); (c) retention of long wheat stubble and return of chopped maize straw (Mixed); and (d) return of chopped wheat and maize straw (Both Chopped). The Mixed and Both Chopped straw return modes produced the highest crop yields. Relative to the Control, SOC stock was 9.6% greater with the Mixed treatment and 14.5% greater with the Both Chopped treatment, whereas the Wheat Stubble treatment had no effect on SOC. Mixed and Both Chopped significantly enhanced TN stock relative to the Wheat Stubble and Control treatments. Compared with the Control, the Mixed and Both Chopped treatments increased the mass proportions of large macroaggregates and reduced the silt plus clay fraction; Mixed and Both Chopped caused a significant increase in SOC and TN in large and small macroaggregates; the Mixed treatment significantly increased SOC content in the coarse and fine intra‐aggregate particulate organic matter (iPOM) density fractions of large macroaggregates, whereas Both Chopped increased SOC in the coarse iPOM, fine iPOM and mineral‐associated organic matter (mSOM) density fractions of both large and small macroaggregates; and Mixed and Both Chopped enhanced TN content in coarse iPOM and fine iPOM within small macroaggregates. Although the Mixed treatment was slightly less effective at improving C sequestration in agricultural fields than the Both Chopped treatment, the Mixed treatment may nonetheless be the optimal plant residue management mode in terms of minimizing time and labour due to its ability to improve soil structure, maintain organic carbon levels and provide a means of sustainable crop production in intensive wheat/maize double‐cropping systems.
Work-unit organisational changes and subsequent prescriptions for psychotropic medication: a longitudinal study among public healthcare employees
Authors: Jensen Johan Høy , Bonde Jens Peter , Flachs Esben Meulengracht , Skakon Janne , Rod Naja Hulvej , Kawachi Ichiro 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesWe examined exposure to different types of organisational changes at work as risk factors for subsequent prescription for psychotropic medication among employees.MethodsThe study population included 15 038 public healthcare employees nested within 1284 work units in the Capital Region of Denmark. Multilevel mixed-effects parametric survival models were developed to examine time to prescription for psychotropic medications (anxiolytics/hypnotics/sedatives/antidepressants) during the 12-month interval following exposure to organisational changes relative to no change from January to December 2013. Data on work-unit level organisational changes (including mergers, split-ups, relocation, change in management, employee lay-offs and budget cuts) were collected from work-unit managers (59% response).ResultsAny organisational change versus no change was associated with a higher risk of psychotropic prescription (HR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.26), especially change in management (HR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.41). Splitting the 12-month follow-up period into two halves yielded particularly high rates of psychotropic prescription in the latter half of the follow-up, for example, any change (HR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.11 to 1.41), change in management (HR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.22 to 1.65), mergers (HR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.06 to 1.50), employee lay-off (HR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.46) and budget cuts (HR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.41). The associations did not vary by sex.ConclusionsOrganisational changes in the workplace, especially change in management, may be associated with increased risk of psychotropic prescription among employees regardless of sex.
Middle Miocene evolution and structural style of the Diapir Fold Zone, Eastern Carpathian Bend Zone, Romania: insights from scaled analogue modelling
Authors: Tămaș Dan M. , Schléder Zsolt , Tămaș Alexandra , Krézsek Csaba , Copoț Bianca , Filipescu Sorin 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The Diapir Fold Zone of the Carpathians is the most prolific onshore hydrocarbon area in Romania. Structural complexity, mainly due to the presence of salt, combined with poor seismic quality near and below the salt lead to contrasting structural models in the area. To gain insights into the mid-Miocene tectonic evolution, structural geometries and the effects of penetrative strain, we ran dual décollement scaled sandbox models with layered brittle and ductile materials. Results of two analogue models (20 and 33% shortening) revealed that the onset of the deformation sequence was mainly characterized by layer-parallel shortening. As shortening continued, a foreland-verging sequence of supra-salt detachment folds and sub-salt duplexes evolved. The sub-salt duplexes are located directly below the crests of the detachment folds, as the development of these large wavelength anticlines was related to sub-salt deformation. Salt flow was another controlling factor of the deformation style, as salt accumulated in the anticlinal cores and increased the coupling in the supra-salt synclinal axis. Our results offer insights into the effects of salt on the kinematic evolution of this area, help to predict geometries in areas of poor seismic quality, and highlight the important contribution of penetrative strain on deformation and reservoir quality.
WWOX Inhibits Metastasis of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells via Modulation of miRNAs
Authors: Khawaled Saleh , Suh Sung Suk , Abdeen Suhaib K. , Monin Jonathan , Distefano Rosario , Nigita Giovanni , Croce Carlo M. , Aqeilan Rami I. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous, highly aggressive, and difficult to treat tumor type. The tumor suppressor WWOX spans FRA16D, a common fragile site that is commonly altered in breast cancer. Despite recent progress, the role of WWOX in TNBC metastasis is unknown. Here we report that WWOX inactivation correlates with advanced stages of TNBC and that its levels are frequently altered in TNBC cells. Ectopic restoration of WWOX in WWOX-negative TNBC cells inhibited metastasis while its depletion in WWOX-positive TNBC cells promoted metastasis. WWOX was a negative regulator of c-MYC, which regulated miR-146a expression and consequently fibronectin levels, contributing to an epithelial status of the cell. Treatment of TNBC cells with anti-miR-146a rescued the WWOX antimetastatic phenotype. Moreover, overexpression of MYC in WWOX-expressing TNBC cells overrode WWOX effects on miR-146a and fibronectin levels. Altogether, our data uncover an essential role for WWOX in antagonizing TNBC progression and highlight its potential use as a biomarker for metastasis.

Significance:
These findings highlight the mechanism by which the tumor suppressor WWOX regulates metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer.
See related commentary by Sharma, p. 1746
Associations of Accelerometer‐Measured Sedentary Time and Physical Activity With Prospectively Assessed Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: The CARDIA Study
Authors: Whitaker Kara M. , Pettee Gabriel Kelley , Buman Matthew P. , Pereira Mark A. , Jacobs David R. , Reis Jared P. , Gibbs Bethany Barone , Carnethon Mercedes R. , Staudenmayer John , Sidney Stephen , Sternfeld Barbara 
Published: January 2019

Background
Isotemporal substitution examines the effect on health outcomes of replacing sedentary time with light‐intensity physical activity or moderate‐to‐vigorous intensity physical activity; however, existing studies are limited by cross‐sectional study designs.

Methods and Results

Participants were 1922 adults from the
CARDIA
(Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) study. Linear regression examined the associations of sedentary, light‐intensity physical activity, and moderate‐to‐vigorous intensity physical activity at year 20 (2005–2006) with waist circumference, blood pressure, glucose, insulin, triglycerides,
high‐density lipoprotein
cholesterol, and a composite risk score at year 30 (2015–2016). Models then examined change in activity with change in cardiometabolic risk over the same 10‐year period. Replacing 30 min/day of sedentary time with 30 min/day of light‐intensity physical activity at year 20 was associated with a lower composite risk score (−0.01
SD
[95% CI, −0.02, −0.00]) at year 30, characterized by lower waist circumference (0.15 cm [95%
CI,
−0.27, 0.02]), insulin (0.20 μU/mL [95%
CI,
−0.35, −0.04]), and higher
high‐density lipoprotein
cholesterol (0.20 mg/dL [95%
CI,
0.00, 0.40]; all
P
<0.05). An increase of 30 min/day in
MVPA
from year 20 to year 30, when replacing an equivalent increase in sedentary time, was associated with a decrease in the composite risk score (−0.08 [95%
CI,
−0.13, −0.04]) over the same 10 years, characterized by a decrease in waist circumference (1.52 cm [95%
CI,
−2.21, −0.84]), insulin (−1.13 μU/mL [95%
CI,
−1.95, −0.31]), triglycerides (−6.92 mg/dL [95%
CI,
−11.69, −2.15]), and an increase in
high‐density lipoprotein
cholesterol (1.59 mg/dL [95%
CI,
0.45, 2.73]; all
P
<0.05).

Conclusions
Replacement of sedentary time with light‐intensity physical activity or moderate‐to‐vigorous intensity physical activity is associated with improved cardiometabolic health 10 years later.
Quantifying Snow Mass Mission Concept Trade-Offs Using an Observing System Simulation Experiment
Authors: Garnaud Camille , Bélair Stéphane , Carrera Marco L. , Derksen Chris , Bilodeau Bernard , Abrahamowicz Maria , Gauthier Nathalie , Vionnet Vincent 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBecause of its location, Canada is particularly affected by snow processes and their impact on the atmosphere and hydrosphere. Yet, snow mass observations that are ongoing, global, frequent (1–5 days), and at high enough spatial resolution (kilometer scale) for assimilation within operational prediction systems are presently not available. Recently, Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) partnered with the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) to initiate a radar-focused snow mission concept study to define spaceborne technological solutions to this observational gap. In this context, an Observing System Simulation Experiment (OSSE) was performed to determine the impact of sensor configuration, snow water equivalent (SWE) retrieval performance, and snow wet/dry state on snow analyses from the Canadian Land Data Assimilation System (CaLDAS). The synthetic experiment shows that snow analyses are strongly sensitive to revisit frequency since more frequent assimilation leads to a more constrained land surface model. The greatest reduction in spatial (temporal) bias is from a 1-day revisit frequency with a 91% (93%) improvement. Temporal standard deviation of the error (STDE) is mostly reduced by a greater retrieval accuracy with a 65% improvement, while a 1-day revisit reduces the temporal STDE by 66%. The inability to detect SWE under wet snow conditions is particularly impactful during the spring meltdown, with an increase in spatial RMSE of up to 50 mm. Wet snow does not affect the domain-wide annual maximum SWE nor the timing of end-of-season snowmelt timing in this case, indicating that radar measurements, although uncertain during melting events, are very useful in adding skill to snow analyses.
Significant Wave Height Prediction with the CRBM-DBN Model
Authors: Zhang Xining , Dai Hao 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn recent years, deep learning technology has been gradually used for time series data prediction in various fields. In this paper, the restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) in the classical deep belief network (DBN) is substituted with the conditional restricted Boltzmann machine (CRBM) containing temporal information, and the CRBM-DBN model is constructed. Key model parameters, which are determined by the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, are used to predict the significant wave height. Observed data in 2016, which are from nearshore and offshore buoys (i.e., 42020 and 42001) belonging to the National Data Buoy Center (NDBC), are taken to train the model, and the corresponding data in 2017 are used for testing with lead times of 1–24 h. In addition, we trained the data of 42040 in 2003 and tested the data in 2004 in order to investigate the prediction ability of the CRBM-DBN model for the extreme event. The prediction ability of the model is evaluated by the Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency (CE) and root-mean-square error (RMSE). Experiments demonstrate that for the short-term (≤9 h) prediction, the RMSE and CE for the significant wave height prediction are <10 cm and >0.98, respectively. Moreover, the relative error of the short-term prediction for the maximum wave height is less than 26%. The excellent short-term and extreme events forecasting ability of the CRBM-DBN model is vital to ocean engineering applications, especially for designs of ocean structures and vessels.
Indices of Rank Histogram Flatness and Their Sampling Properties
Authors: Wilks D. S. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Quantitative evaluation of the flatness of the verification rank histogram can be approached through formal hypothesis testing. Traditionally, the familiar χ2 test has been used for this purpose. Recently, two alternatives—the reliability index (RI) and an entropy statistic (Ω)—have been suggested in the literature. This paper presents approximations to the sampling distributions of these latter two rank histogram flatness metrics, and compares the statistical power of tests based on the three statistics, in a controlled setting. The χ2 test is generally most powerful (i.e., most sensitive to violations of the null hypothesis of rank uniformity), although for overdispersed ensembles and small sample sizes, the test based on the entropy statistic Ω is more powerful. The RI-based test is preferred only for unbiased forecasts with small ensembles and very small sample sizes.