bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Giant microwave absorption in fine powders of superconductors
Authors: Csősz G. , Márkus B. G. , Jánossy A. , Nemes N. M. , Murányi F. , Klupp G. , Kamarás K. , Kogan V. G. , Bud’ko S. L. , Canfield P. C. , Simon F. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEnhanced microwave absorption, larger than that in the normal state, is observed in fine grains of type-II superconductors (MgB2 and K3C60) for magnetic fields as small as a few % of the upper critical field. The effect is predicted by the theory of vortex motion in type-II superconductors, however its direct observation has been elusive due to skin-depth limitations; conventional microwave absorption studies employ larger samples where the microwave magnetic field exclusion significantly lowers the absorption. We show that the enhancement is observable in grains smaller than the penetration depth. A quantitative analysis on K3C60 in the framework of the Coffey–Clem (CC) theory explains well the temperature dependence of the microwave absorption and also allows to determine the vortex pinning force constant.
Eco-friendly one-pot synthesis of Prussian blue-embedded magnetic hydrogel beads for the removal of cesium from water
Authors: Yang Hee-Man , Hwang Ju Ri , Lee Dong Yeop , Kim Kyu Beom , Park Chan Woo , Kim Hee Reyoung , Lee Kune-Woo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA simple one-step approach to fabricating Prussian blue-embedded magnetic hydrogel beads (PB-MHBs) was fabricated for the effective magnetic removal of radioactive cesium (137Cs) from water. Through the simple dropwise addition of a mixed aqueous solution of iron salts, commercial PB and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to an ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) solution, the formation of hydrogel beads and the encapsulation of PB in beads were achieved in one pot through the gelation of PVA with in situ-formed iron oxide nanoparticles as the cross-linker. The obtained PB-MHBs, with 43.77 weight % of PB, were stable without releasing PB for up to 2 weeks and could be effectively separated from aqueous solutions by an external magnetic field, which is convenient for the large-scale treatment of Cs-contaminated water. Detailed Cs adsorption studies revealed that the adsorption isotherms and kinetics could be effectively described by the Langmuir isotherm model and the pseudo-second-order model, respectively. Most importantly, the PB-MHBs exhibited excellent selectivity for 137Cs in 137Cs-contaminated simulated groundwater (55 Bq/g) with a high removal efficiency (>99.5%), and the effective removal of 137Cs from real seawater by these PB-MHBs demonstrated the excellent potential of this material for practical application in the decontamination of 137Cs-contaminated seawater.
Syphilis prevalence trends in adult women in 132 countries – estimations using the Spectrum Sexually Transmitted Infections model
Authors: Korenromp Eline L. , Mahiané S. Guy , Nagelkerke Nico , Taylor Melanie M. , Williams Rebecca , Chico R. Matthew , Pretorius Carel , Abu-Raddad Laith J. , Rowley Jane 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe estimated national-level trends in the prevalence of probable active syphilis in adult women using the Spectrum Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) model to inform program planning, target-setting, and progress evaluation in STI control. The model fitted smoothed-splines polynomial regressions to data from antenatal clinic surveys and screening and representative household surveys, adjusted for diagnostic test performance and weighted by national coverage. Eligible countries had ≥1 data point from 2010 or later and ≥3 from 2000 or later from adult populations considered representative of the general female population (pregnant women or community-based studies). Between 2012 and 2016, the prevalence of probable active syphilis in women decreased in 54 (41%) of 132 eligible countries; this decrease was substantive (≥10% proportionally, ≥0.10% percentage-point absolute difference and non-overlapping 95% confidence intervals in 2012 and 2016) in 5 countries. Restricting eligible data to prevalence measurements of dual treponemal and non-treponemal testing limited estimates to 85 countries; of these, 45 countries (53%) showed a decrease. These standardized trend estimates highlight the need for increased investment in national syphilis surveillance and control efforts if the World Health Organization target of a 90% reduction in the incidence of syphilis between 2018 and 2030 is to be met.
Dual mode OPV-OLED device with photovoltaic and light-emitting functionalities
Authors: Chiba Takayuki , Kumagai Daichi , Udagawa Kazuo , Watanabe Yuichiro , Kido Junji 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe rapid development of organic optoelectronic devices such as organic photovoltaics (OPVs) and organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) is largely attributable to their advantageous properties of their large area, ultrathin thickness, flexiblility, transparency, and solution processability. Herein, we fabricate and characterize a dual mode OPV-OLED device with three-terminal structure comprising a polymer-based bulk-heterojunction inverted OPV unit and a top-emission white phosphorescent OLED unit back-to-back connected via intermediate metal alloy electrode. Sputter-deposited indium tin oxide was used as a transparent cathode of the inverted OPV unit, whereas Ag-doped Al served as a common OPV/OLED anode, allowing the decoupling of electricity generation and light mission functions. Notably, the doping of Al by Ag facilitated the reduction of surface roughness, allowing the above electrode to be used as a common anode and dramatically reducing the leakage current. Finally, the top-emission OLED unit featured an ultrathin layer of Ag-doped Mg as a semitransparent cathode. Thus, successful integration of the OPV-OLED elements results in the decoupling of electricity generation and light emission functionalities, achieving a power conversion efficiency of 3.4% and an external quantum efficiency of 9.9%.
Newcastle disease virus enhances the growth-inhibiting and proapoptotic effects of temozolomide on glioblastoma cells in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Bai Yang , Chen Yong , Hong Xinyu , Liu Xinrui , Su Xing , Li Shanji , Dong Xuechao , Zhao Gang , Li Yunqian 
Published: July 2018

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) is the most serious and most common brain tumor in humans. Despite recent advances in the diagnosis of GBM and the development of new treatments, the prognosis of patients has not improved. Multidrug resistance, particularly resistance to temozolomide (TMZ), is a challenge in combating glioma, and more effective therapies are needed. Complementary treatment with the LaSota strain of the naturally oncolytic Newcastle disease virus (NDV-LaSota) is an innovation. In our experiments, the combination therapy of NDV-LaSota and temozolomide (TMZ) was more effective than either treatment alone in inducing apoptosis in glioma cells. NDV can function as a tumor cell selective approach to inhibit AKT and activate AMPK. Consequently, mTOR, 4EBP1 and S6K were also suppressed. The combination therapy of NDV and TMZ also significantly extended survival in a rat xenograft tumor model. In conclusion, NDV suppress AKT signaling and enhances antitumor effects of TMZ. Our study provides one of the theoretical basis for the use of a combined therapy of TMZ and NDV, which could benefit GBM patients.
Impact of Supratentorial Cerebral Hemorrhage on the Complexity of Heart Rate Variability in Acute Stroke
Authors: Chen Chih-Hao , Tang Sung-Chun , Lee Ding-Yuan , Shieh Jiann-Shing , Lai Dar-Ming , Wu An-Yu , Jeng Jiann-Shing 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAcute stroke commonly affects cardiac autonomic responses resulting in reduced heart rate variability (HRV). Multiscale entropy (MSE) is a novel non-linear method to quantify the complexity of HRV. This study investigated the influence of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) locations and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) on the complexity of HRV. We recruited 93 supratentorial ICH patients (male 59%, mean age 61 years), and the locations of ICH included basal ganglia (n = 40), thalamus (n = 35), and lobar (n = 18) group. Continuous one-hour electrocardiography signals were obtained from patients after admission, and the complexity index was defined as the area under the MSE curve. The complexity index was lower in lobar ICH (21.6 ± 7.9) than basal ganglia (27.9 ± 6.4) and thalamus (28.5 ± 7.2) groups. The complexity index was inversely correlated with initial stroke severity (r = −0.26), size of hematoma (r = −0.35) and ICH score (r = −0.26), especially among patients with intraventricular hemorrhage (r = −0.60, −0.60, and −0.41 respectively). A higher complexity can predict a good functional outcome (adjusted odds ratio 1.09, 95% confidence intervals 1.00–1.19) at post-stroke 3 months. In summary, more severe stroke and larger hematoma volume resulted in lower complexity of HRV. Lobar hemorrhage and IVH had great impacts on the cardiac autonomic function.
Reliable detection and characterization of low-frequency polarized sources in the LOFAR M51 field
Authors: Neld A. , Horellou C. , Mulcahy D. D. , Beck R. , Bourke S. , Carozzi T. D. , Chyży K. T. , Conway J. E. , Farnes J. S. , Fletcher A. , Haverkorn M. , Heald G. , Horneffer A. , Nikiel-Wroczyński B. , Paladino R. , Sridhar S. S. , Van Eck C. L. 
Published: July 2018

Context.The new generation of broad-band radio continuum surveys will provide large data sets with polarization information. New algorithms need to be developed to extract reliable catalogs of linearly polarized sources that can be used to characterize those sources and produce a dense rotation measure (RM) grid to probe magneto-ionized structures along the line of sight via Faraday rotation.Aims.The aim of the paper is to develop a computationally efficient and rigorously defined source-finding algorithm for linearly polarized sources.Methods.We used a calibrated data set from the LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) at 150 MHz centered on the nearby galaxy M 51 to search for polarized background sources. With a new imaging software, we re-imaged the field at a resolution of 18″ × 15″ and cataloged a total of about 3000 continuum sources within 2.5° of the center of M 51. We made small StokesQandUimages centered on each source brighter than 100 mJy in total intensity (201 sources) and used RM synthesis to create corresponding Faraday cubes that were analyzed individually. For each source, the noise distribution function was determined from a subset of the measurements at high Faraday depths where no polarization is expected; the peaks in polarized intensity in the Faraday spectrum were identified and thep-value of each source was calculated. Finally, the false discovery rate method was applied to the list ofp-values to produce a list of polarized sources and quantify the reliability of the detections. We also analyzed sources fainter than 100 mJy but that were reported as polarized in the literature at at least another radio frequency.Results.Of the 201 sources that were searched for polarization, six polarized sources were detected confidently (with a false discovery rate of 5%). This corresponds to a number density of one polarized source per 3.3 square degrees, or 0.3 source per square degree. Increasing the false discovery rate to 50% yields 19 sources. A majority of the sources have a morphology that is indicative of them being double-lobed radio galaxies, and the ones with literature redshift measurements have 0.5 < z < 1.0.Conclusions.We find that this method is effective in identifying polarized sources, and is well suited for LOFAR observations. In the future, we intend to develop it further and apply it to larger data sets such as the LOFAR Two-meter Survey of the whole northern sky, LOTSS, and the ongoing deep LOFAR observations of the GOODS-North field.
Planetary nebula distances in Gaia DR2
Authors: Kimeswenger S. , Barría D. 
Published: July 2018

Context. Planetary nebula distance scales often suffer from model-dependent solutions. Model-independent trigonometric parallaxes have been rare. Space-based trigonometric parallaxes are now available for a larger sample using the second Data Release of Gaia.
Aims. We aim to derive a high-quality approach for selection criteria of trigonometric parallaxes for planetary nebulae and discuss possible caveats and restrictions in the use of this Data Release.
Methods. A few hundred sources from previous distance scale surveys were manually cross-identified with data from the second Gaia Data Release (DR2) because coordinate-based matching does not work reliably. The data were compared with the results of previous distance scales and to the results of a recent similar study that used the first Data Release Gaia DR1.
Results. While the few available previous ground-based trigonometric parallaxes as well as those obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope perfectly match the new data sets, older statistical distance scales, reaching larger distances, do show small systematic differences. When we restrict the comparison to the central stars for which the photometric colors of Gaia show a negligible contamination by the surrounding nebula, the difference is negligible for statistical distances based on radio flux, while those derived from Hα surface brightness still show minor differences. The DR2 study significantly improves the previous recalibration of the statistical distance scales using DR1/TGAS.
Phytotherapie und Naturheilverfahren in der Ausbildung von Medizinern und Pharmazeuten
Authors: Erfurth Patrick 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungIn Deutschland erfreuen sich naturheilkundliche Behandlungsverfahren einer großen Beliebtheit bei der Bevölkerung. Da die ersten Ansprechpartner für die Empfehlung von und die Beratung über auf Naturheilmittel Ärzte und Apotheker sind, stellt sich die Frage, ob und in welchem Umfang diese Berufsgruppen durch ihre universitäre Ausbildung genügend Kenntnisse über die entsprechenden Behandlungsverfahren und die verwendeten Mittel erhalten, welche Kenntnisse dies sind und ob hier gegebenenfalls Optimierungsbedarf besteht. Diese Fragen sollen in der nachfolgenden Ausarbeitung näher untersucht werden.
Evaluation of Exponential ADC (eADC) and Computed DWI (cDWI) for the Detection of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Sprinkart Alois , Marx Christian , Träber Frank , Block Wolfgang , Thomas Daniel , Schild Hans , Kukuk Guido , Mürtz Petra 
Published: July 2018

Purpose To directly compare different methods proposed for enhanced conspicuity and discriminability of prostate cancer on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and to compare the results to original DWI images and conventional apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps.
Materials and Methods Clinical routine prostate DWI datasets (b = 0, 50, 800 s/mm², acquired at a field strength of 3 T) of 104 consecutive patients with subsequent MR-guided prostate biopsy were included in this retrospective study. For each dataset exponential ADC maps (eADC), computed DWI images (cDWI), and additionally eADC maps for computed b-values of 2000 and 3000 s/mm² were generated (c_eADC). For each of 123 lesions, the contrast (CR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were determined. Differences in the CR and CNR of malignant lesions (n = 83) between the different image types and group differences between benign (n = 40), low-risk (n = 53) and high-risk (n = 30) lesions were assessed by repeated measures ANOVA and one-way ANOVA with post-hoc tests. The ability to differentiate between benign and malignant and between low-risk and high-risk lesions was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses.
Results The CR and CNR were higher for computed DWI and related c_eADC at b = 3000 s/mm² and 2000 s/mm² compared to original DWI, conventional ADC and standard eADC. For differentiation of benign and malignant lesions, conventional ADC and CR of conventional ADC were best suited. For discrimination of low-risk from high-risk lesions, the CR of c_eADC was best suited followed by the CR of cDWI.
Conclusion Computed cDWI or related c_eADC maps at b-values between 2000 and 3000 s/mm2 were superior to the original DWI, conventional ADC and eADC in the detection of prostate cancer.
Key Points
Citation Format
Operative Therapie einer persistierenden palmaren Luxation im distalen Radioulnargelenk bei floridem CRPS – 2 klinische
Fälle
Authors: Unglaub Frank , Spies Christian Karl 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungEs werden im Folgenden zwei Fälle vorgestellt mit persistierender palmarer Luxation im distalen Radioulnargelenk (DRUG) und Entwicklung eines konsekutiven
floriden komplexen regionalen Schmerzsyndroms (CRPS). Beide Luxationen wurden schlussendlich durch eine Operation nach Bowers unter Plexuskatheteranlage und
intravenöser Vitamin-C-Gabe therapiert. Nach erfolgter Operation verbesserte sich die Funktion des Handgelenks erheblich und die CRPS-Symptomatik war bereits
nach wenigen Wochen nicht mehr nachweisbar.
Die in Fehlstellung verheilte distale Radiusfraktur – extraartikuläre Korrekturen ohne Knochentransplantation
Authors: Pillukat Thomas , Mühldorfer-Fodor Marion , van Schoonhoven Jörg , Prommersberger Karl-Josef 
Published: July 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Bei aufklappenden Osteotomien am distalen Radius steigern Knochentransplantate die initiale Stabilität und fördern die Knochenneubildung,
sind jedoch nicht selten mit Beschwerden und Komplikationen an der Entnahmestelle verbunden. Vorhergehende Studien sprechen dafür, dass Knochentransplantate
unnötig sein könnten.
Patienten und Methoden: Zwischen 2013 und 2016 wurde bei 19 Patienten mit einer symptomatischen, in Extension fehlverheilten extraartikulären distalen
Radiusfraktur eine Korrekturosteotomie unter Einsatz einer palmaren winkelstabilen Platte ohne zusätzliche Knochentransplantation durchgeführt. 3 Patienten
schieden wegen implantat-bezogener Komplikationen vorzeitig aus der Studie aus. Eine Patientin verweigerte die Nachuntersuchung.
Ergebnisse: 12 Patienten (7 weibliche und 5 männliche) zeigten eine vollständige Remodellierung des Defektes nach 5,5 ± 3,5 (1,5- 13) Monaten. Die
dorsopalmare Inklination verbesserte sich signifikant von durchschnittlich 17 auf -1 Grad, der DASH-Score von 41 ± 26 (7–94) Punkten auf 26 ± 25 (0–75) Punkte.
Radioulnare Inklination, Ulnavarianz und Schmerzniveau zeigten nur leichte, nicht signifikante Verbesserungen. Bewegungsumfang und Grobkraft verbesserten sich
nicht. Drei weibliche Patienten zeigten nach 10 ± 3 (6–12) Monaten keine Remodellierung. Im modifizierten Mayo wrist Score wurden 1 befriedigendes und 2
unbefriedigende Ergebnisse erzielt. Eine dieser Patientinnen unterzog sich einer Reoperation mit Beckenkammspantransplantation Obwohl die Remodellierung nur bei
weiblichen Patienten ausblieb fand sich statistisch sich keine signifikante Abhängigkeit der knöchernen Heilung von Geschlecht, Alter zum Zeitpunkt der
Operation oder Defektgröße. In der Gruppe mit Ausheilung zeigte sich keine Korrelation zwischen der Zeitdauer bis zur knöcherne Heilung und dem Geschlecht,
sowie dem Alter zum Zeitpunkt der Operation als auch der Größe des Osteotomiespaltes dorsal. Eine Korrelation bestand hingegen zwischen dem Ausheilungsintervall
und der Größe des Osteotomiespaltes palmar.
Schlussfolgerungen: Nach aufklappender Osteotomie am distalen Radius kann eine Remodellierung ohne Auffüllung des Defektes durch ein Knochentransplantat
eintreten. Da die knöcherne Heilung im Einzelfall nicht vorhersagbar ist und mehr als 12 Monate benötigen kann, werden wir im eigenen Vorgehen weiterhin Knochen
transplantieren.
Comparison of the Effects of Heparin and Hirudin on Thrombin Binding to the Normal and the De-Endothelialized Rabbit Aorta In Vitro
Authors: Hatton Mark W C , Moar Susan L 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe properties of heparin and hirudin to inhibit thrombin from binding to the freshly-excised rabbit aorta wall were compared in vitro. When aorta segments were incubated with 125I-thrombin (4.4 ± 0.4 nM) in the presence of heparin or hirudin, both anticoagulants inhibited 125I-thrombin binding to the endothelium in a concentration-dependent manner (IC50: 0.1 USP U heparin/ml; 0.1 ATU hirudin/ml). Endothelium-bound 125I-thrombin was displaced by either heparin (50% liberated at 4.1 U/ml) or hirudin (0.4 U/ml). Using de-endothelialized aortas, heparin inhibited thrombin binding by the exposed subendothelium (IC50: 1.8 U/ml) whereas hirudin was without effect. Neither heparin nor hirudin was able to significantly liberate thrombin bound to the exposed subendothelium. These observations suggest that both heparin and hirudin mask the binding site on thrombin to the endothelial cell membrane. A separate site on thrombin must bind to the subendothelium because only heparin inhibits binding. Thrombin, although bound reversibly to the endothelium, is bound irreversibly to the exposed subendothelium due, probably, to reaction with endogenous extracellular antithrombin activities (e.g. antithrombin-III, protease nexin-1).
Dose Finding Study of a Low Molecular Weight Heparin, Innohep, in Haemodialysis
Authors: Ryan K E , Lane D A , Flynn A , Shepperd J , Ireland H A , Curtis J R 
Published: July 2018

SummaryA pilot investigation was performed with Innohep, a low molecular weight (LMWH) preparation (peak maximum molecular mass 3,000-6,000), to determine possible dose regimens for patients undergoing regular maintenance haemodialysis for chronic renal failure. Results from this study suggested that suppression of macroscopic clot formation and fibrinopeptide A (FPA), a marker of fibrin formation, could be achieved following bolus injections rather than bolus injections and an infusion. On the basis of these preliminary findings, a randomised crossover study was performed in eight patients undergoing regular maintenance haemodialysis for 5-7 h to determine the effective antithrombotic dose of this LMWH. Single i.v. bolus doses of 1,250 AFXa u, 2,500 AFXa u and 5,000 AFXa u (n = 7-8) were compared to an UFH regime of 5,000 iu + 1,500 iu/h. Excessive clot formation in the dialyser bubble trap, necessitating additional UFH to enable completion of a prolonged (up to 7 h) dialysis, was observed in all patients on the 1,250 AFXa u dose (mean duration of dialysis prior to UFH, 3 h) but in a single patient only receiving the other LMWH doses. A dose-related response in the AFXa activity, measured by chromogenic substrate (CS) assay was seen in the three LMWH groups, with levels declining significantly (p <0.05) from 1-7 h. This contrasted with the constant levels maintained during dialysis with UFH. FPA levels were significantly elevated after 2 h following the 1,250 AFXa u bolus and after 4 h following the 2,500 AFXa u bolus. There was no significant difference in FPA levels between the 5,000 AFXa u bolus and UFH. β-thromboglobulin (pTG) levels rose significantly towards the end of dialysis in all LMWH groups and, at 5 h, were significantly increased following the 5,000 AFXa u and 2,500 AFXa u doses when compared to the UFH regime. AFXa levels correlated negatively with FPA levels (r = -0.62; p <0.01). In conclusion, for administration of Innohep, a bolus dose of 2,500 AFXa u would appear to be sufficient for dialyses of short duration (up to 4 h), whilst a 5,000 AFXa u bolus is as effective as UFH for a 6 h dialysis. AFXa activity measured by CS assay is related to inhibition of fibrin formation and can be used for monitoring purposes.