bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychological distress is highly prevalent in inflammatory bowel disease: A survey of psychological needs and attitudes
Authors: Mikocka‐Walus Antonina , Massuger Wayne , Knowles Simon R , Moore Gregory T , Buckton Stephanie , Connell William , Pavli Paul , Raven Leanne , Andrews Jane M 
Published: August 2019

Background and AimData on patient needs and access to psychological services in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are scarce. This study aimed to describe the levels of distress and the needs, attitudes, and access to psychological services for people within Australia against established Australian IBD Standards.MethodsAn online cross‐sectional survey was conducted with Australians ≥16 years old recruited via Crohn's & Colitis Australia membership, public and private clinics, and the Royal Flying Doctor Service. K10 was used to measure psychological distress. The Chi‐square test was used to compare those with and without distress on key variables.ResultsOverall, 731 respondents provided complete data (71.5% female, mean age 46.5 years). Overall, 50% of respondents reported distress; only 15.2% were currently seeing a mental health practitioner; only 16.1% were asked about their mental health by their IBD specialist or IBD nurse; and only 12.2% reported access to a mental health practitioner as part of their IBD service. Those with psychological distress were significantly less satisfied with their IBD care; more commonly hospitalized; had an active disease, fistula or perianal disease, pain, or fatigue; and were receiving steroids, opioids, or antidepressants (all P < 0.05). As many as 68.2% of those with severe distress were not seeing a mental health practitioner.ConclusionsThe integrated biopsychosocial model of health care, with regular mental health screening and good access to mental health professionals, is requested by people living with IBD to improve their outcomes.
Papilla preservation flaps for periodontal regeneration of molars severely compromised by combined furcation and intrabony defects: Retrospective analysis of a registry‐based cohort
Authors: Cortellini Pierpaolo , Cortellini Simone , Tonetti Maurizio S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundFurcation involvement and attachment loss are major predictors of tooth loss. The aim of this study was to describe specific designs for papilla preservation flaps (PPFs) and minimally invasive surgery to be used in compromised molars and report proof‐of‐principle data with 3 to 16‐year follow‐up in severely compromised molars due to the presence of combined furcation and intrabony defects.MethodsForty‐nine subjects with furcated molars and deep intrabony defects were treated with PPFs, application of periodontal regenerative devices. Improvement as a consequence of therapy was defined as tooth retention, reduction in horizontal and vertical furcation involvement, decrease in probing depths, and increases in clinical attachment level. Subjects were maintained with regular supportive periodontal care.ResultsAt 1 year, 100% of maxillary and 92% of mandibular molars showed improvements. Improvements were not observed in molars with baseline hypermobility: two mandibular molars with hypermobility were extracted at the 1‐year follow‐up. Improvement in vertical sub‐classification was observed in 87.5% of maxillary and in 84.6% of mandibular molars. One‐year improvements could be maintained over the 3 to 16‐year follow‐up.ConclusionsPPFs and periodontal regeneration can be applied and provide clinical benefits to severely compromised molars due to the combined presence of furcation involvement and deep intrabony defects. These results were obtained in cases with an interdental peak of bone and gingival margin coronal to the furcation entrance in well‐maintained and compliant subjects. Randomized controlled clinical trials with medium‐ to long‐term follow‐up are needed to confirm these findings.
Professional tooth cleaning prior to non‐surgical periodontal therapy: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Jentsch Holger F.R. , Heusinger Thea , Weickert Anne , Eick Sigrun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis study was aimed to investigate if professional oral prophylaxis before scaling and root planing (SRP) has an effect on the outcome of non‐surgical periodontal treatment in patients with chronic periodontitis.MethodsFifty‐two individuals with chronic periodontitis receiving non‐surgical periodontal therapy by SRP with (test) and without (control) two appointments of professional tooth cleaning but with motivation and instruction were monitored for clinical variables, four selected microorganisms and two biomarkers at baseline, before SRP as well as 3 and 6 months after SRP. Statistical analysis included non‐parametric tests for intra‐ and intergroup comparisons.ResultsProbing depth (PD), attachment level, bleeding on probing (BOP), and interproximal plaque index (API) were significantly improved in both groups 3 and 6 months after SRP. PD, BOP, API, and the number of sites with PD ≥5 mm were significantly lower in the test group than in the control group at the appointment immediately before SRP. Tannerella forsythia was significantly reduced in both groups at 3 and 6 months, Porphyromonas gingivalis only in the test group. Interleukin‐1β was significantly reduced in the control group 3 and 6 months after SRP, matrix metalloproteinase‐8 level decreased in the test group 3 months after SRP. There was no significant difference of any clinical and non‐clinical variable between both groups at 3 and 6 months after SRP.ConclusionsProfessional tooth cleaning before the SRP does not improve the clinical results of the SRP. It has no obvious long‐lasting effects on major periodontopathogens in the subgingival biofilm as well as on biomarkers in the gingival crevicular fluid after SRP.
The influence of palatal harvesting technique on the donor site vascular injury: A split‐mouth comparative cadaver study
Authors: Tavelli Lorenzo , Barootchi Shayan , Namazi Sharon S. , Chan Hsun‐Liang , Brzezinski David , Danciu Theodora , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of two harvesting approaches on the donor site vascular injury.MethodsA split‐mouth cadaver study was designed on 21 fresh donor heads. Every hemi‐palate was assigned to receive the trap‐door harvesting technique (TDT) or the epithelialized free gingival graft harvesting technique (FGGT). A soft tissue graft was harvested from each side for histology analyses. Betadine solution was used to inject the external carotid artery and a collagen sponge was positioned over the harvested area to compare the amount of “leakage.”ResultsThe mean leakage observed was 16.56 ± 3.01 µL in the FGGT‐harvested sites, and 69.21 ± 7.08 µL for the TDT group, a ratio of 4.18 (P < 0.01). Regression analyses demonstrated a trend for more leakage at thinner palatal sites for the FGGT group (P = 0.09), and a statistically significant correlation for the TDT‐harvest sites (P = 0.02). Additionally, a shallow palatal vault height (PVH) was associated with a higher leakage in both harvesting groups (P = 0.02). The histomorphometric analyses revealed that grafts harvested with TDT exhibited a significantly higher mean number of medium (ø = 0.1 to 0.5 mm, P = 0.03), and large vessels (ø ≥ 0.5 mm, P = 0.02).ConclusionsWithin the limitations of the present research, the TDT resulted in a significantly higher leakage than the FGGT, which was also correlated with the histology analyses where a greater number of medium and large vessels were observed in the harvested grafts.
Functional lymphatic reconstruction with the “Selected Lymph Node” technique guided by a SPECT‐CT lymphoscintigraphy
Authors: Dionyssiou Dimitrios , Demiri Efterpi , Sarafis Alexandros , Goula Christina‐Olga , Tsimponis Antonios , Arsos Georgios 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundA new technique named “Selected Lymph Node” (“SeLyN”) was evaluated, aiming to identify the most functional groin lymph nodes (LNs) for an effective LN transplantation.MethodsBilateral lower‐limb SPECT‐CT was performed in the upper‐limb lymphedema patients, to select the most radioactive inguinal LN. Recorded data included demographics, stage, etiology of lymphedema, flap consistency in accordance to preoperative findings, flap size, number of LN, and harvesting time. Infection episodes per year and volume changes of the upper limbs were documented. Donor‐site complications were recorded and lower‐limb evaluation was performed through clinical examination, volume analysis, and lymphoscintigraphy.ResultsA total of 41 patients underwent a “SeLyN” transfer technique. The mean flap size was 28.34 cm2 containing a mean of 3.4 LNs. The mean time spent on flap harvest was 39 minutes. A mean 56.5% volume reduction (P < .001) and a mean 1.41 to 0.29 infection episodes per patient per year (P < .001) were recorded. Clinical evaluation and lymphography of the donor site advocated no major complications for a mean follow‐up period of 42.5 months.Conclusions“SeLyN” is a safe and effective technique in selecting the most suitable LNs, minimizing the donor‐site morbidity, and decreasing the overall operating time.
Simultaneous analysis of indaziflam and its metabolites in pitaya using dispersive solid phase extraction coupled with liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Liu Xiaoliang , Ji Chunhong , Tang Wenwei , Hu Mingfeng , Tan Huihua , Li Xuesheng , Ma Shaozhi , Yu Xiangyang , Zeng Dongqiang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA simple and efficient multiresidue method using dispersive solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry was developed for the targeted analysis of indaziflam and its five metabolites (indaziflam‐diaminotriazine, indaziflam‐carboxylic acid, indaziflam‐triazine indanone, indaziflam‐hydroxyethyl, and indaziflam‐olefin) in pitaya samples (including roots, plants, flowers, peels, pulp, and whole fruit). The analytes were extracted with acetonitrile, and the extracts were purified using multiwalled carbon nanotubes. The method was validated using pitaya samples spiked at 0.5, 5, and 50 µg/kg, and the average recoveries varied from 61.1 to 103.7% with relative standard deviations lower than 12.7% (n = 5). This method exhibited sufficient linearity within the concentration range of 0.1–100 µg/L. The limits of detection and quantification were in the ranges of 0.001–0.1 and 0.003–0.3 µg/kg, respectively. The method was successfully applied to analyze pitaya samples in Nanning, and no indaziflam or its metabolites were detected in the samples analyzed.
Organic matter supply and bacterial community composition predict methanogenesis rates in temperate lake sediments
Authors: Bertolet Brittni L. , West William E. , Armitage David W. , Jones Stuart E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe objective of our study was to identify environmental conditions that structure lake sediment microbial communities and determine whether community composition explained inter‐lake variation in potential methanogenesis rates. We performed a comparative analysis of microbial communities and methanogenesis rates in 14 lake sediments along gradients of pH and primary productivity. Variation in methanogen community composition and non‐methanogen microbial community composition was best explained by pH and sediment organic matter content. However, these regulators of methanogen community structure were not associated with differences in methanogenesis rates. Instead, variation in lake methanogenesis rates was best explained by proxies for organic matter supplied to sediments (lake chlorophyll a concentration and sediment pore‐water total phosphorus) and the composition of the non‐methanogen microbial community. Our results suggest a role for sediment bacterial community in influencing methanogenesis via the supply of growth substrates.
Whole‐genome sequencing revealed an interstitial deletion encompassing OCRL and SMARCA1 gene in a patient with Lowe syndrome
Authors: Zheng Bixia , Chen Qiuxia , Wang Chunli , Zhou Wei , Chen Ying , Ding Guixia , Jia Zhanjun , Zhang Aihua , Huang SongMing 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundLowe syndrome is a rare X‑linked syndrome that is characterized by involvement of the eyes, central nervous system, and kidneys. The aim of the present study was to determine the molecular basis of four patients with congenital cataract, infantile congenital hypotonia, and proximal renal tubular defect.MethodsFour children who met the clinical manifestations of Lowe syndrome were enrolled in this study. Patients’ clinical information on eyes, central nervous system, kidneys, and family histories, etc., were reviewed and analyzed. After obtaining informed consent, we performed a mutation analysis of OCRL gene using direct sequencing. Because of failure of PCR amplification, low coverage shortread whole genome sequencing (CNVseq) analysis was performed on one proband. Real‐time PCR was subsequently performed to confirm the CNV that was detected from the CNVseq results.ResultsWe identified three OCRL allelic variants, including two novel missense mutations (c.1423C>T/p.Pro475Ser, c.1502T>G/p.Ile501Ser) and one recurrent nonsense mutation (c.2464C>T/p.Arg822Ter). Various bioinformatic tools revealed scores associated with potential pathogenic effects for the two missense variants, and protein alignments revealed that both variants affected an amino acid highly conserved among species. Since deletion of the entire gene was suspected in a patient, CNVseq was used, identifying an interstitial deletion to approximately 190 kb, encompassing OCRL, and SMARCA1 gene. Moreover, the hemizygous CNV was confirmed by qPCR. Reviewing another case reported in the literature, we found that the deletion of OCRL and nearby genes may contribute to a more severe phenotype and premature death.ConclusionsThis is the first report of an interstitial deletion encompassing OCRL and SMARCA1 gene in Lowe syndrome. Our results expand the spectrum of mutations of the OCRL gene in Chinese population. Moreover, whole‐genome sequencing presents a comprehensive and reliable approach for detecting genomic copy number variation in patients or carriers in the family with rare inherited disorders.
Research participants’ experiences with return of genetic research results and preferences for web‐based alternatives
Authors: Gaieski Jill B. , Patrick‐Miller Linda , Egleston Brian L. , Maxwell Kara N. , Walser Sarah , DiGiovanni Laura , Brower Jamie , Fetzer Dominique , Ganzak Amanda , McKenna Danielle , Long Jessica M. , Powers Jacquelyn , Stopfer Jill E. , Nathanson Katherine L. , Domchek Susan M. , Bradbury Angela R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundWhile there is increasing interest in sharing genetic research results with participants, how best to communicate the risks, benefits and limitations of research results remains unclear.MethodsParticipants who received genetic research results answered open and closed‐ended questions about their experiences receiving results and interest in and advantages and disadvantages of a web‐based alternative to genetic counseling.Results107 BRCA1/2 negative women with a personal or family history of breast cancer consented to receive genetic research results and 82% completed survey items about their experience. Most participants reported there was nothing they disliked (74%) or would change (85%) about their predisclosure or disclosure session (78% and 89%). They most frequently reported liking the genetic counselor and learning new information. Only 24% and 26% would not be willing to complete predisclosure counseling or disclosure of results by a web‐based alternative, respectively. The most frequently reported advantages included convenience and reduced time. Disadvantages included not being able to ask questions, the risk of misunderstanding and the impersonal nature of the encounter.ConclusionMost participants receiving genetic research results report high satisfaction with telephone genetic counseling, but some may be willing to consider self‐directed web alternatives for both predisclosure genetic education and return of results.
Technical Note: Real‐time 3D MRI in the presence of motion for MRI‐guided radiotherapy: 3D Dynamic keyhole imaging with super‐resolution
Authors: Kim Taeho , Park Justin C. , Gach H. Michael , Chun Jaehee , Mutic Sasa 
Published: August 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to present real‐time three‐dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the presence of motion for MRI‐guided radiotherapy (MRgRT) using dynamic keyhole imaging for high‐temporal acquisition and super‐resolution generative (SRG) model for high‐spatial reconstruction.MethodWe propose a unique real‐time 3D MRI technique by combining a data sharing technique (3D dynamic keyhole imaging) with a SRG model using cascaded deep learning technique. 3D dynamic keyhole imaging utilizes the data sharing mechanism by combining keyhole central k‐space data acquired in real‐time with high‐spatial, high‐temporal resolution prior peripheral k‐space data at various motion positions prepared by the SRG model. The efficacy of the 3D dynamic keyhole imaging with super‐resolution (SR_dKeyhole) was compared to the ground‐truth super‐resolution images with the original full k‐space data. It was also compared with the zero‐filling reconstruction (zero‐filling), conventional keyhole reconstruction with low‐spatial high‐temporal prior data (LR_cKeyhole), and conventional keyhole reconstruction with super‐resolution prior data (SR_cKeyhole).ResultsHigh‐spatial, high‐temporal resolution 3D MRI datasets (1.5 × 1.5 × 6 mm3) were generated from low‐spatial, high‐temporal resolution 3D MRI datasets (6 × 6 × 6 mm3) using the cascaded deep learning SRG framework (<100 ms/volume). 3D dynamic keyhole imaging with the SRG model provided high‐spatial, high‐temporal resolution images (1.5 × 1.5 × 6 mm3, 455 ms) with the highest similarity to the ground‐truth SR images without any noticeable artifacts. Structural similarity indices (SSIM) of the reconstructed 3D MRI to the original SR 3D MRI were 0.65, 0.66, 0.86, and 0.89 for zero‐filling, LR_cKeyhole, SR_cKeyhole, and SR_dKeyhole, respectively (1 for identical image). In addition, average value of image relative error (IRE) of the reconstructed 3D MRI to the original SR 3D MRI were 0.169, 0.191, 0.079, and 0.067 for zero‐filling, LR_cKeyhole, SR_cKeyhole, and SR_dKeyhole, respectively (0 for identical image).ConclusionsWe demonstrated that high‐spatial, high‐temporal resolution 3D MRI was feasible by combing 3D dynamic keyhole imaging with a SRG model in terms of image quality and imaging time. The proposed technique can be utilized for real‐time 3D MRgRT.
Induced neuronal activity does not attenuate amyloid beta‐induced synaptic loss in vitro
Authors: Kono Rena , Kim Gyu Li , Nagata Hidetaka , Ikegaya Yuji , Koyama Ryuta 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimThe accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) is one of the characteristics of Alzheimer's disease. The excessive accumulation of Aβ has been suggested to result in a decrease in the number of synapses. Although the number of synapses is generally modulated by neuronal activity, whether neuronal activity affects Aβ‐induced synapse loss remains unknown. Therefore, we addressed this question using a primary culture of hippocampal neurons.MethodThe neuronal activity of cultured hippocampal neurons from mouse pups was increased using the chemogenetic technique designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADD). The cultured neurons were treated with Aβ, and synapse density was assessed by immunocytochemistry.ResultsAβ decreased the synapse density probably by decreasing postsynapse. On the other hand, enhanced neuronal activity did not affect the synapse density significantly. However, there was a trend that enhanced neuronal activity increased especially presynapse density.ConclusionWe found that enhanced neuronal activity did not affect Aβ‐induced synapse loss in vitro.
Testosterone accumulation in prostate cancer cells is enhanced by facilitated diffusion
Authors: Kaipainen Arja , Zhang Ailin , Gil da Costa Rui M. , Lucas Jared , Marck Brett , Matsumoto Alvin M. , Morrissey Colm , True Lawrence D. , Mostaghel Elahe A. , Nelson Peter S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundTestosterone is a driver of prostate cancer (PC) growth via ligand‐mediated activation of the androgen receptor (AR). Tumors that have escaped systemic androgen deprivation, castration‐resistant prostate cancers (CRPC), have measurable intratumoral levels of testosterone, suggesting that a resistance mechanism still depends on androgen‐simulated growth. However, AR activation requires an optimal intracellular concentration of androgens, a situation challenged by low circulating testosterone concentrations. Notably, PC cells may optimize their androgen levels by regulating the expression of steroid metabolism enzymes that convert androgen precursors into androgens. Here we propose that testosterone entry into the cell could be another control point.MethodsTo determine whether testosterone enters cells via a transporter, we performed in vitro 3H‐testosterone uptake assays in androgen‐dependent LNCaP and androgen and AR‐independent PC3 cells. To determine if the uptake mechanism depended on a concentration gradient, we modified UGT2B17 levels in LNCaP cells and measured androgen levels by liquid‐liquid extraction–mass spectrometry. We also analyzed CRPC metastases for expression of AKR1C3 to determine whether this enzyme that converts adrenal androgens to testosterone was present in the tumor stroma (microenvironment) in addition to its expression in the tumor epithelium.ResultsTestosterone uptake followed a concentration gradient but unlike in passive diffusion, was saturable and temperature‐dependent, thus suggesting facilitated transport. Suppression of UGT2B17 to abrogate a testosterone gradient reduced testosterone transport while overexpression of the enzyme enhanced it. The facilitated transport suggests a paracrine route of testosterone uptake for maintaining optimal intracellular levels. We found that AKR1C3 was expressed in the tumor microenvironment of CRPC metastases in addition to epithelial cells and the pattern of relative abundance of the enzyme in epithelium vs stroma varied substantially between the metastatic sites.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that in addition to testosterone transport and metabolism by tumor epithelium, testosterone could also be produced by components of the tumor microenvironment. Facilitated testosterone uptake by tumor cells supports a cell nonautonomous mechanism for testosterone signaling in CRPC.
Polyploid giant cancer cells: Unrecognized actuators of tumorigenesis, metastasis, and resistance
Authors: Amend Sarah R. , Torga Gonzalo , Lin Ke‐Chih , Kostecka Laurie G. , de Marzo Angelo , Austin Robert H. , Pienta Kenneth J. 
Published: August 2019

Cancer led to the deaths of more than 9 million people worldwide in 2018, and most of these deaths were due to metastatic tumor burden. While in most cases, we still do not know why cancer is lethal, we know that a total tumor burden of 1 kg—equivalent to one trillion cells—is not compatible with life. While localized disease is curable through surgical removal or radiation, once cancer has spread, it is largely incurable. The inability to cure metastatic cancer lies, at least in part, to the fact that cancer is resistant to all known compounds and anticancer drugs. The source of this resistance remains undefined. In fact, the vast majority of metastatic cancers are resistant to all currently available anticancer therapies, including chemotherapy, hormone therapy, immunotherapy, and systemic radiation. Thus, despite decades—even centuries—of research, metastatic cancer remains lethal and incurable. We present historical and contemporary evidence that the key actuators of this process—of tumorigenesis, metastasis, and therapy resistance—are polyploid giant cancer cells.