bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two rare cases of paraganglioma in patients with Fontan physiology
Authors: Moore Lily M. , Knudson Jarrod D. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPheochromocytoma/paraganglioma is an exceedingly rare tumour, thought to share an association with cyanotic CHD. This association is thought to be a result of chronic hypoxaemia (Antonio et al, Revista Española de Cardiología (English Edition) 2017; 70: 673–675; Folger et al, Circulation 1964; 29: 750–757; Opotowsky et al, J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100: 1325–1334) We report two cases of paraganglioma over a 4-year period in patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome who had undergone Fontan completion by ages 2 and 4. Based on a very small number of reported cases of CHD, the mechanism of tumourigenesis is unclear. It is imperative that cases associated with CHD continue to be reported so that we may learn more about the pathogenesis and epidemiology of this entity.
Improved Arctic Ocean Bathymetry Derived From DTU17 Gravity Model
Authors: Abulaitijiang Adili , Andersen Ole Baltazar , Sandwell David 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe existing bathymetry map of the Arctic is a compilation of ship soundings and digitized contours. Due to the presence of all‐year sea ice, costly operations and political restrictions, dense and full coverage of the Arctic is not possible, leaving huge gaps between the existing surveys. In this paper, we make use of the existing Arctic bathymetry IBCAOv3 and invert Arctic bathymetry from the recent altimetric gravity model DTU17, whose accuracy is improved significantly with revised data processing strategy. The long and short wavelength components are preserved from IBCAOv3. The band‐pass‐filtering function proposed by Smith and Sandwell (1994, https://doi.org/10.1029/94JB00988) is adapted for the Arctic by reducing the cutoff wavelength. The predicted bathymetry is within 100 m on 85.8% of the grid nodes, when compared to the IBCAOv3. The consistency of the prediction is validated with two independent profiles from Healy cruises conducted in 2016 over the Chukchi Cap. A questionable valley in the IBCAOv3 is detected with gravity and at this spot, bathymetry predicted from gravity is consistent with independent multibeam soundings. The gravity‐inverted bathymetry could be combined with ship soundings for the next generation of Arctic bathymetry map.
Using Project Loon Superpressure Balloon Observations to Investigate the Inertial Peak in the Intrinsic Wind Spectrum in the Midlatitude Stratosphere
Authors: Conway J. P. , Bodeker G. E. , Waugh D. W. , Murphy D. J. , Cameron C. , Lewis J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLocation information from superpressure balloons flown by Project Loon provide an unprecedented opportunity to analyze wind fields in the midlatitude stratosphere. Horizontal velocity spectra from the balloons' quasi‐intrinsic frame of reference show clear evidence of a persistent peak in the intrinsic wind spectrum around the inertial frequency. In the Southern Hemisphere midlatitudes, peak‐to‐peak amplitudes of horizontal velocity perturbations (on the order of 20 m/s) are larger than those seen in previous superpressure balloon campaigns in polar regions and similar to those observed in vertical soundings in the midlatitudes. A rotary spectral analysis shows that near‐circular anticyclonic rotation of horizontal wind perturbations around the inertial frequency dominate at most times and locations. The strongest anticyclonic rotation is more common in balloon flight segments with weak zonal winds and during the austral summer. Flight segments with strong eastward zonal velocities during austral winter and spring are more likely to have mixed cyclonic and anticyclonic power around the inertial frequency. These results confirm previous model and radiosonde observations of the peak in horizontal kinetic energy at the inertial frequency and demonstrate they are associated with increased anticyclonic wave power indicative of near‐inertial oscillations or inertia‐gravity waves. Flight segments with mixed cyclonic and anticyclonic power around the inertial frequency display a continuum of wave power from planetary to gravity wave scales. These results help explain the divergence of actual and modeled balloon trajectories in previous studies and provide a baseline against which reanalysis or meteorological model realizations of the intrinsic velocity field can be assessed.
Sociohydrology: Scientific Challenges in Addressing the Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Di Baldassarre Giuliano , Sivapalan Murugesu , Rusca Maria , Cudennec Christophe , Garcia Margaret , Kreibich Heidi , Konar Megan , Mondino Elena , Mård Johanna , Pande Saket , Sanderson Matthew R. , Tian Fuqiang , Viglione Alberto , Wei Jing , Wei Yongping , Yu David J. , Srinivasan Veena , Blöschl Günter 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations Agenda 2030 represent an ambitious blueprint to reduce inequalities globally and achieve a sustainable future for all mankind. Meeting the SDGs for water requires an integrated approach to managing and allocating water resources, by involving all actors and stakeholders, and considering how water resources link different sectors of society. To date, water management practice is dominated by technocratic, scenario‐based approaches that may work well in the short term but can result in unintended consequences in the long term due to limited accounting of dynamic feedbacks between the natural, technical, and social dimensions of human‐water systems. The discipline of sociohydrology has an important role to play in informing policy by developing a generalizable understanding of phenomena that arise from interactions between water and human systems. To explain these phenomena, sociohydrology must address several scientific challenges to strengthen the field and broaden its scope. These include engagement with social scientists to accommodate social heterogeneity, power relations, trust, cultural beliefs, and cognitive biases, which strongly influence the way in which people alter, and adapt to, changing hydrological regimes. It also requires development of new methods to formulate and test alternative hypotheses for the explanation of emergent phenomena generated by feedbacks between water and society. Advancing sociohydrology in these ways therefore represents a major contribution toward meeting the targets set by the SDGs, the societal grand challenge of our time.
Rupture Process of the Mw 3.3 Earthquake in the St. Gallen 2013 Geothermal Reservoir, Switzerland
Authors: Király‐Proag E. , Satriano C. , Bernard P. , Wiemer S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe analyze slip distribution and rupture kinematics of a Mw3.3 induced event that occurred in the St. Gallen geothermal reservoir (NE Switzerland) in 2013. We carry out a two‐step procedure: (1) path effects are deconvolved from the seismograms using an empirical Green's function, resulting in relative source time functions at all seismic stations; (2) the relative source time functions are back‐projected to the corresponding isochrones on the fault plane. Results reveal that the mainshock rupture propagates toward NNE from the hypocenter with an average velocity of 2,000 m/s. Spatiotemporal organization of foreshocks and aftershocks shows that the mainshock broke a previously less active portion of the fault and suggests that the aftershock sequence could be mainly driven by stress transfer. Applying this method in an operational environment could enable fast retrieval of seismic slip, allowing assessment of fault asperities and structures involved in the reservoir creation process.
SO2 Emission Estimates Using OMI SO2 Retrievals for 2005–2017
Authors: Qu Zhen , Henze Daven K. , Li Can , Theys Nicolas , Wang Yi , Wang Jun , Wang Wei , Han Jihyun , Shim Changsub , Dickerson Russell R. , Ren Xinrong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSO2 column densities from Ozone Monitoring Instrument provide important information on emission trends and missing sources, but there are discrepancies between different retrieval products. We employ three Ozone Monitoring Instrument SO2 retrieval products (National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) standard (SP), NASA prototype, and BIRA) to study the magnitude and trend of SO2 emissions. SO2 column densities from these retrievals are most consistent when viewing angles and solar zenith angles are small, suggesting more robust emission estimates in summer and at low latitudes. We then apply a hybrid 4D‐Var/mass balance emission inversion to derive monthly SO2 emissions from the NASA SP and BIRA products. Compared to HTAPv2 emissions in 2010, both posterior emission estimates are lower in United States, India, and Southeast China, but show different changes of emissions in North China Plain. The discrepancies between monthly NASA and BIRA posterior emissions in 2010 are less than or equal to 17% in China and 34% in India. SO2 emissions increase from 2005 to 2016 by 35% (NASA)–48% (BIRA) in India, but decrease in China by 23% (NASA)–33% (BIRA) since 2008. Compared to in situ measurements, the posterior GEOS‐Chem surface SO2 concentrations have reduced NMB in China, the United States, and India but not in South Korea in 2010. BIRA posteriors have better consistency with the annual growth rate of surface SO2 measurement in China and spatial variability of SO2 concentration in China, South Korea, and India, whereas NASA SP posteriors have better seasonality. These evaluations demonstrate the capability to recover SO2 emissions using Ozone Monitoring Instrument observations.
Concept of an Experimental Ultralong‐Wavelength Radio Array
Authors: Chen Linjie , Yan Yihua 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe Ultralong‐Wavelength (ULW) regime of longer than 10 m (corresponding to frequencies below 30 MHz) remains as the last virtually unexplored window in radio astronomy and is presently attracting considerable attention as an area of potentially rewarding studies. However, the opaqueness of the Earth's ionosphere makes the ULW celestial radio emission very difficult to detect with ground‐based instrumentation. The impact of the ionosphere on ULW radio emission depends on the solar cycle activities and varies with time. In addition, the ULW spectrum region is densely populated by intensive artificial radio frequency interference. An obvious solution of these problems is to place an ULW radio telescope in space. However, this solution is expensive and poses nonnegligible technological challenges. An alternative approach is triggered by recent studies showing that the period of post 2020 will be most suitable for exploratory ground‐based ULW radio observations due to the expected “calm” state of the ionosphere; the ionospheric cutoff frequency could be well below 10 MHz, even in the day time. In anticipation of this upcoming opportunity, we propose and present in this paper a concept of an experimental ULW radio array, with the intention of setting it up in Inner Mongolia, China. This ULW facility will use the infrastructure of the currently operational Mingantu spectral radio heliograph. The proposed ULW array covers the frequency range from 1 to 72 MHz. This experimental array will be used for exploratory studies of celestial radio emission in the ULW range of the spectrum.
Fast-track care with intraoperative blood salvage in laparoscopic splenectomy
Authors: Chen Yan , Wang Jianwei , Ye Qinghuang , Wang Zhijiang , Weng Weihong , Zhu Jinhui 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFast-track surgery is claimed to reduce medical morbidity, eliminate the hospitalization needs, and shorten the convalescence period. Intraoperative bleeding as the main complication is also the primary cause of conversion from laparoscopic to open splenectomy. Intraoperative blood salvage can reduce transfusion requirements, decrease the conversion rate to open, and promote fast-tracking in laparoscopic splenectomy (LS). From November 2007 through December 2016 we collected medical data of 115 LS patients. There were three groups: 54 patients receiving routine care (we marks them as Group RT), 33 patients with fast-track care (Group FT), and 28 receiving fast-track care receiving intraoperative splenic blood salvage and autotransfusion (Group FT + ISBS). These medical data are comprised of included three phases (pre-, intra-, and postoperative). There were significant differences (P < 0.05) between RT, FT, and FT + ISBS groups. The hemoglobin level in Group FT + ISBS was significantly higher than in Group RT and Group FT. Comparing the duration of hospital stay of 3 groups, Group RT stayed for a significantly longer time than Group FT and Group FT + ISBS, Group FT + ISBSmuch shorter than Group FT. Comparing the hospitalization expense, GroupFT + ISBS significantly expended less than Group RT and Group FT. Our study shows that laparoscopic splenectomy with fast-track care is feasible, effective, and safe for patients who require splenectomy. Fast-tracking with intraoperative blood salvage improved the fast-track laparoscopic splenectomy procedure.
The safety and preventive effects of a supraorbital transcutaneous stimulator in Japanese migraine patients
Authors: Danno Daisuke , Iigaya Miho , Imai Noboru , Igarashi Hisaka , Takeshima Takao 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCefaly (Cefaly Technology, Seraing, Belgium) is a device that stimulates the bilateral supraorbital nerve transcutaneously. A previous study in Europe proved that Cefaly was an effective and safe device as a preventive therapy for migraine. However, there have been no studies on this device in Asia. We examined the safety and preventive effect of Cefaly for migraine. One-hundred patients were prospectively collected from four headache units in Japan. The inclusion criteria were as follows: 18–75 years of age, migraine with and without aura, and at least 2 attacks per month. A 4-week baseline period was followed by 12-week treatment period. The primary end point was the change from baseline in the number of migraine days at 12 weeks. The secondary end points include the changes of the number of migraine attacks, all headache days, acute medicine consumption days and headache severity. After treatment, a questionnaire survey on the satisfaction of the treatment was administered to the patients. The Friedmann test was used to assess the changes between baseline period and after treatment, and Mann-Whitney U test was used for the comparison of efficacy between chronic migraine and episodic migraine, with and without prophylactic treatment or medication overuse. After 12 weeks of treatment, Cefaly use significantly decreased the number of migraine days (8.16 vs. 6.84; p = 0.0036). Only three subjects (3.0%) dropped out due to the adverse effects; however, no serious adverse events were observed. The compliance of this study was very high at 90.0%. Furthermore, a significant decrease was observed in the number of migraine attacks (5.33 vs. 3.94; p = 0.0002) and the intake of acute antimigraine drugs (8.75 vs. 7.83; p = 0.0166). Cefaly is considered to be a safe and highly tolerable effective device for Japanese patients. Trial registration: This study was retrospectively registered to UMIN-CTR(UMIN000033333) on 10 July 2018.
Acute stress-induced change in polysialic acid levels mediated by sialidase in mouse brain
Authors: Abe Chikara , Yi Yang , Hane Masaya , Kitajima Ken , Sato Chihiro 
Published: July 2019

AbstractStress is an important environmental factor influencing human behaviour and causing several mental disorders. Alterations in the structure of polysialic acid (polySia/PSA) due to genetic alterations in ST8SIA2, which encodes a polySia-synthesizing enzyme, are related to certain mental disorders. However, whether stress as an environmental factor leads to changes in polySia structure is unknown. Here we studied the effects of acute stress on polySia expression and found reductions in both the quantity and quality of polySia in the olfactory bulb and prefrontal cortex, even with short-term exposure to acute stress. The use of inhibitors for sialidase, microglia and astrocytes revealed that these declines were due to a transient action of sialidase from microglia and astrocytes in the olfactory bulb and prefrontal cortex, respectively. These data suggest that sialidase dynamically regulates polySia expression in a brain region-specific manner.
Overall survival is improved when DCIS accompanies invasive breast cancer
Authors: Kole Adam J. , Park Henry S. , Johnson Skyler B. , Kelly Jacqueline R. , Moran Meena S. , Patel Abhijit A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractInvasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) often presents alone or with a co-existing ductal carcinoma in situ component (IDC + DCIS). Studies have suggested that pure IDC may exhibit different biological behavior than IDC + DCIS, but whether this translates to a difference in outcomes is unclear. Here, utilizing the National Cancer Database we identified 494,801 stage I-III breast cancer patients diagnosed with either IDC alone or IDC + DCIS. We found that IDC + DCIS was associated with significantly better overall survival (OS) compared to IDC alone (5-year OS, 89.3% vs. 85.5%, p < 0.001), and this finding persisted on multivariable Cox modeling adjusting for demographic, clinical, and treatment-related variables. The significantly superior OS observed for IDC + DCIS was limited to patients with invasive tumor size < 4 cm or with node negative disease. A greater improvement in OS was observed for tumors containing ≥25% DCIS component. We also found IDC + DCIS to be associated with lower T/N stage, low/intermediate grade, ER/PR positivity, and receipt of mastectomy. Thus, the presence of a DCIS component in patients with IDC is associated with favorable clinical characteristics and independently predicts improved OS. IDC + DCIS could be a useful prognostic factor for patients with breast cancer, particularly if treatment de-escalation is being considered for small or node negative tumors.
Novel Electrodes and Engineered Interfaces for Halide-Semiconductor Radiation Detectors
Authors: Datta Amlan , Becla Piotr , Motakef Shariar 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA new class of inorganic halide semiconductors are emerging as high-efficiency low-cost candidates for spectroscopic radiation detection. We report on solving one of the major challenges of these halide radiation detectors. At room temperature halide semiconductor detectors polarize under applied electric field, which not only degrades the charge collection efficiency of the detectors, but also promotes chemical reaction of the metal electrodes with the halide ions. This increases the metal-semiconductor interface noise and early failure of the spectroscopic detection capabilities of the device. We report on a solution to this challenge by application of novel electrodes on Thallium Bromide (TlBr) radiation detectors with virtually defect-free electrode-semiconductor interfaces, showing low noise and high detection stability for an extended period of time under accelerated ageing conditions. A number of TlBr detectors fabricated by this technique have demonstrated continuous stable detection performance (e.g. ±1% change in 662 keV gamma channel) for more than 4000 hours at room temperature. This report also shows continuously recorded 137Cs gamma radiation response of a unidirectionally-biased pixelated TlBr detector over more than 2 months (a total of 2880 data sets), which exhibit excellent stability. The developed approach has resulted in unprecedented low-noise stable performance of halide semiconductor detectors at room temperature, overcoming one of the major obstacles to the full consideration of TlBr (and other halide semiconductors) as a potentially low-cost replacement for Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT).
Magnetic Field Characteristics of Multiple Niobium Three-dimensional Nano-bridge Junctions in Parallel
Authors: Chen Xiaohan , Chen Lei , Wang Yue , Wu Long , Liu Xiaoyu , Ma Linxian , Wang Zhen 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe superconducting device of multiple Josephson junctions in arrays has increasingly attracted interest in both applications and fundamental research. The challenge of array integration and scaling is a wide concern. The present study investigated superconducting devices of multiple niobium three-dimensional nano-bridge junctions (3D-NBJs) in parallel. We fabricated evenly and unevenly spaced devices of three to six 3D-NBJs in parallel. We measured the critical current as a function of the magnetic field and voltage to magnetic field transfer function of each device. The derivative of voltage with respect to the magnetic field at the sensitive point increased linearly with the number of junctions. A maximal derivative of 97.3 V/T was achieved by our device with six unevenly spaced junctions in parallel. Furthermore, we carried out numerical simulations on devices of three and four junctions in parallel using the current–phase relation of a single 3D-NBJ. The CPR was determined by comparing the measured and simulated magnetic flux modulations of nano-SQUID. Qualitative agreement between the numerical simulation and experimental measurement suggests that it is possible to use 3D-NBJs to build SQUID arrays or SQIFs with high integration density.
Association of Prehospital Epinephrine Administration With Survival Among Patients With Traumatic Cardiac Arrest Caused By Traffic Collisions
Authors: Aoki Makoto , Abe Toshikazu , Oshima Kiyohiro 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFor traumatic cardiac arrest (TCA), the effect of prehospital epinephrine administration was unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between prehospital epinephrine administration and survival in patients with TCA caused by traffic collisions. We conducted a nationwide, prospective, population-based observational study involving patients who experienced out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) by using the All-Japan Utstein Registry. Blunt trauma patients with TCA who received prehospital epinephrine were compared with those who did not receive prehospital epinephrine. The primary outcome was 1-month survival of patients. The secondary outcome was prehospital return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). A total of 5,204 patients with TCA were analyzed. Of those, 758 patients (14.6%) received prehospital epinephrine (Epinephrine group), whereas the remaining 4,446 patients (85.4%) did not receive prehospital epinephrine (No epinephrine group). Eleven (1.5%) and 41 (0.9%) patients in the Epinephrine and No epinephrine groups, respectively, survived for 1 month. In addition, 74 (9.8%) and 40 (0.9%) patients achieved prehospital ROSC in the Epinephrine and No epinephrine groups, respectively. In multivariable logistic regression models, prehospital epinephrine administration was not associated with 1-month survival (odds ratio [OR] 1.495, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.758 to 2.946) and was associated with prehospital ROSC (OR 3.784, 95% CI 2.102 to 6.812). A propensity score-matched analysis showed similar results for 1-month survival (OR 2.363, 95% CI 0.606 to 9,223) and prehospital ROSC (OR 6.870, 95% CI 3.326 to 14.192). Prehospital epinephrine administration in patients with TCA was not associated with 1-month survival, but was beneficial in regard to prehospital ROSC.