bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High prevalence of stroke and uncontrolled associated risk factors are major public health challenges in rural northeast China: A population-based study
Authors: Xing Liying , Jing Li , Tian Yuanmeng , Liu Shiwei , Lin Min , Du Zhi , Ren Guocheng , Sun Qun , Shi Lei , Dai Dong , Liu Shuang 
Published: May 2019

Background Stroke has become a major burden and public health problem in rural China. We aimed to comprehensively assess the current status of stroke burden as well as the associated risk factors in rural northeast China. Methods This population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in 10,926 adults (response rate 85.3%) aged ≥40 years residing in rural northeast China. A multistage cluster sampling method was used to select the representative sample. The prevalent stroke cases were considered as stroke survivors on 31 August 2017. Stroke was diagnosed according to the World Health Organization’s recommendations and was classified as ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke based on the results of computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. The status of related risk factors was also evaluated. Results Of the 10,926 participants, 731 were diagnosed with stroke (602 patients with ischemic stroke, 151 with hemorrhage stroke, and 22 with both ischemic stroke and hemorrhage stroke). The crude prevalence of overall stroke, ischemic stroke, and hemorrhage stroke was 6690.5, 5509.8, and 1382.0 per 100,000 people, respectively, and the age-standardized rate was 4903.8, 4041.7, and 990.9 per 100,000 people. Among the overall stroke population, 13.4% were living with consequences of stroke. Hypertension (86.7%), dyslipidemia (37.2%), and diabetes (24.5%) were highly prevalent in stroke participants. However, most of those comorbidities remained uncontrolled (93.7, 44.7, and 88.9%, respectively). Conclusion The burden of stroke in rural northeast China was substantial, with a high prevalence of stroke, recurrence, and disabilities. Uncontrolled comorbidities will likely contribute to recurrence and worsening disabilities in the coming decades. Strategies of long-term management of stroke and related risk factors are urgently required in rural northeast China.
Does Medial-Row Fixation Technique Affect the Retear Rate and Functional Outcomes After Double-Row Transosseous-Equivalent Rotator Cuff Repair?
Authors: Elbuluk Ameer M. , Coxe Francesca R. , Fabricant Peter D. , Ramos Nicholas L. , Alaia Michael J. , Jones Kristofer J. 
Published: May 2019

Background: Double-row transosseous-equivalent (TOE) rotator cuff repair techniques have been widely accepted because of their superior biomechanical properties when compared with arthroscopic single-row repair. Concerns regarding repair overtensioning with medial-row knot tying have led to increased interest in knotless repair techniques; however, there is a paucity of clinical data to guide the choice of technique. Hypothesis: Arthroscopic TOE repair techniques using knotless medial-row fixation will demonstrate lower retear rates and greater improvements in the Constant score relative to conventional knot-tying TOE techniques. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A systematic review of 3 databases (PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase) was performed using PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Inclusion criteria were English-language studies that examined repair integrity or Constant scores after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair with TOE techniques. Two investigators independently screened results for relevant articles. Data regarding the study design, surgical technique, retear rate, and Constant shoulder score were extracted from eligible studies. A quality assessment of all articles was performed using the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS) criteria. Results: The systematic review identified a total of 32 studies (level of evidence, 1-4) that met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of the 32 studies, 5 reported on knotless TOE techniques, 25 reported on knot-tying TOE techniques, and 2 reported on both. In the knotless group, retear rates ranged from 6% to 36%, and Constant scores ranged from 38-65 (preoperative) to 73-83 (postoperative). In the knot-tying group, retear rates ranged from 0% to 48%, and Constant scores ranged from 42-64 (preoperative) to 55-96 (postoperative). Conclusion: Despite several theoretical advantages of knotless TOE repair, both knotless and knot-tying techniques reported considerable improvement in functional outcomes after rotator cuff repair. Although tendon failure rates showed a downward trend in knotless studies, additional prospective studies are warranted to better understand the role of medial-row fixation on tendon repair integrity and postoperative clinical outcomes.
Tropism of influenza B viruses in human respiratory tract explants and airway organoids
Authors: Bui Christine H.T. , Chan Renee W.Y. , Ng Mandy M.T. , Cheung M-C. , Ng Ka-chun , Chan Megan P.K. , Chan Louisa L.Y. , Fong Joanne H.M. , Nicholls J.M. , Peiris J.S. Malik , Chan Michael C.W. 
Published: May 2019

Despite causing regular seasonal epidemics with substantial morbidity, mortality and socioeconomic burden, there is still a lack of research into influenza B viruses (IBVs). In this study, we provide for the first time a systematic investigation on the tropism, replication kinetics and pathogenesis of IBVs in the human respiratory tract.Physiologically relevantex vivoexplant cultures of human bronchus and lung, human airway organoids, andin vitrocultures of differentiated primary human bronchial epithelial cells and type-I-like alveolar epithelial cells were used to study the cellular and tissue tropism, replication competence and induced innate immune response of 16 IBV strains isolated from 1940 to 2012 in comparison with human seasonal influenza A viruses (IAVs), H1N1 and H3N2. IBVs from the diverged Yamagata- and Victoria-like lineages and the earlier undiverged period were included.The majority of IBVs replicated productively in human bronchus and lung with similar competence to seasonal IAVs. IBVs infected a variety of cell types, including ciliated cells, club cells, goblet cells and basal cells, in human airway organoids. Like seasonal IAVs, IBVs are low inducers of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Most results suggested a higher preference for the conducting airway than the lower lung and strain-specific rather than lineage-specific pathogenicity of IBVs.Our results highlighted the non-negligible virulence of IBVs which require more attention and further investigation to alleviate the disease burden, especially when treatment options are limited.
5-Hydroxymethylcytosine Profiles Are Prognostic of Outcome in Neuroblastoma and Reveal Transcriptional Networks That Correlate With Tumor Phenotype
Authors: Applebaum Mark A. , Barr Erin K. , Karpus Jason , Nie Ji , Zhang Zhou , Armstrong Amy E. , Uppal Sakshi , Sukhanova Madina , Zhang Wei , Chlenski Alexandre , Salwen Helen R. , Wilkinson Emma , Dobratic Marija , Grossman Robert , Godley Lucy A. , Stranger Barbara E. , He Chuan , Cohn Susan L. 
Published: May 2019

PURPOSEWhole-genome profiles of the epigenetic modification 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) are robust diagnostic biomarkers in adult patients with cancer. We investigated if 5-hmC profiles would serve as novel prognostic markers in neuroblastoma, a clinically heterogeneous pediatric cancer. Because this DNA modification facilitates active gene expression, we hypothesized that 5-hmC profiles would identify transcriptomic networks driving the clinical behavior of neuroblastoma.PATIENTS AND METHODSNano-hmC-Seal sequencing was performed on DNA from Discovery (n = 51), Validation (n = 38), and Children’s Oncology Group (n = 20) cohorts of neuroblastoma tumors. RNA was isolated from 48 tumors for RNA sequencing. Genes with differential 5-hmC or expression between clusters were identified using DESeq2. A 5-hmC model predicting outcome in high-risk patients was established using linear discriminant analysis.RESULTSComparison of low- versus high-risk tumors in the Discovery cohort revealed 577 genes with differential 5-hmC. Hierarchical clustering of tumors from the Discovery and Validation cohorts using these genes identified two main clusters highly associated with established prognostic markers, clinical risk group, and outcome. Genes with increased 5-hmC and expression in the favorable cluster were enriched for pathways of neuronal differentiation and KRAS activation, whereas genes involved in inflammation and the PRC2 complex were identified in the unfavorable cluster. The linear discriminant analysis model trained on high-risk Discovery cohort tumors was prognostic of outcome when applied to high-risk tumors from the Validation and Children’s Oncology Group cohorts (hazard ratio, 3.8).CONCLUSION5-hmC profiles may be optimal DNA-based biomarkers in neuroblastoma. Analysis of transcriptional networks regulated by these epigenomic modifications may lead to a deeper understanding of drivers of neuroblastoma phenotype.
A Prospective Study of Early Pregnancy Essential Metal(loid)s and Glucose Levels Late in the Second Trimester
Authors: Zheng Yinnan , Zhang Cuilin , Weisskopf Marc , Williams Paige L , Parsons Patrick J , Palmer Christopher D , Buck Louis Germaine M , James-Todd Tamarra 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Context
Studies suggest many essential trace metal(loid)s are involved in glucose metabolism, but the associations among pregnant women are unclear.

Objective
To assess associations between early pregnancy plasma zinc, selenium, copper, and molybdenum levels and blood glucose levels later in the second trimester.

Design
The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Fetal Growth Studies‒Singleton Cohort is a prospective cohort study conducted between July 2009 and January 2013.

Setting
Twelve academic research hospitals in the United States.

Patients
A total of 1857 multiracial, nonobese, healthy women.

Main Outcome Measure
Blood glucose levels from 1-hour 50-g gestational load test (GLT) at 24 to 28 weeks of gestation.

Results
Higher concentrations of first-trimester copper were associated with higher glucose levels from the GLT (i.e., every 50% increase in copper concentration was related to 4.9 mg/dL higher glucose level; 95% CI: 2.2, 7.5 mg/dL) adjusted for maternal sociodemographic characteristics and reproductive history. In contrast, every 50% increase in molybdenum concentration was associated with 1.2 mg/dL lower mean glucose level (95% CI: −2.3, −0.1 mg/dL). The magnitude of these associations was greater at the upper tails of glucose level distribution based on quantile regressions of the 10th, 50th, and 90th percentiles.

Conclusions
Higher copper and lower molybdenum concentrations could increase the risk of glucose dysregulation during pregnancy, with women at higher risk of gestational diabetes mellitus potentially affected to a greater extent. Further work is needed to understand the mechanisms involved with early pregnancy essential metal(loid)s to inform clinical diagnosis and prevention of glucose intolerance during pregnancy.
Sedentary Behavior and Health: Update from the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee
Authors: KATZMARZYK PETER T. , POWELL KENNETH E. , JAKICIC JOHN M. , TROIANO RICHARD P. , PIERCY KATRINA , TENNANT BETHANY 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTPurposeTo provide an overview of relationships between sedentary behavior and mortality as well as incidence of several noncommunicable diseases and weight status reported in the2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Scientific Report(2018 PAGAC Scientific Report), and to update the evidence from recent studies.MethodsEvidence related to sedentary behavior in the 2018 PAGAC Scientific Report was summarized, and a systematic review was undertaken to identify original studies published between January 2017 and February 2018.ResultsThe 2018 PAGAC Scientific Report concluded there was strong evidence that high amounts of sedentary behavior increase the risk for all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and incident CVD and type 2 diabetes. Moderate evidence indicated sedentary behavior is associated with incident endometrial, colon and lung cancer. Limited evidence suggested sedentary behavior is associated with cancer mortality and weight status. There was strong evidence that the hazardous effects of sedentary behavior are more pronounced in physically inactive people. Evidence was insufficient to determine if bout length or breaks in sedentary behavior are associated with health outcomes. The new literature search yielded seven new studies for all-cause mortality, two for CVD mortality, two for cancer mortality, four for type 2 diabetes, one for weight status, and four for cancer; no new studies were identified for CVD incidence. Results of the new studies supported the conclusions in the 2018 PAGAC Scientific Report.ConclusionsThe results of the updated search add further evidence on the association between sedentary behavior and health. Further research is required on how sex, age, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and weight status may modify associations between sedentary behavior and health outcomes.
Physical Activity and the Prevention of Weight Gain in Adults: A Systematic Review
Authors: JAKICIC JOHN M. , POWELL KENNETH E. , CAMPBELL WAYNE W. , DIPIETRO LORETTA , PATE RUSSELL R. , PESCATELLO LINDA S. , COLLINS KATHERINE A. , BLOODGOOD BONNY , PIERCY KATRINA L. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To conduct a systematic literature review to determine if physical activity is associated with prevention of weight gain in adults.

Methods
The primary literature search was conducted for the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee and encompassed literature through June 2017, with an additional literature search conducted to include literature published through March 2018 for inclusion in this systematic review.

Results
The literature review identified 40 articles pertinent to the research question. There is strong evidence of an association between physical activity and prevention of weight gain in adults, with the majority of the evidence from prospective cohort studies. Based on limited evidence in adults, however, there is a dose–response relationship and the prevention of weight gain is most pronounced when moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (≥3 METs) is above 150 min·wk−1. Although there is strong evidence to demonstrate that the relationship between greater time spent in physical activity and attenuated weight gain in adults is observed with moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity, there is insufficient evidence available to determine if there is an association between light-intensity activity (<3 METs) and attenuated weight gain in adults.

Conclusions
The scientific evidence supports that physical activity can be an effective lifestyle behavior to prevent or minimize weight gain in adults. Therefore, public health initiatives to prevent weight gain, overweight, and obesity should include physical activity as an important lifestyle behavior.
Physical Activity, All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality, and Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: KRAUS WILLIAM E. , POWELL KENNETH E. , HASKELL WILLIAM L. , JANZ KATHLEEN F. , CAMPBELL WAYNE W. , JAKICIC JOHN M. , TROIANO RICHARD P. , SPROW KYLE , TORRES ANDREA , PIERCY KATRINA L. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Conduct a systematic umbrella review to evaluate the relationship of physical activity (PA) with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD); to evaluate the shape of the dose–response relationships; and to evaluate these relationships relative to the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Report.

Methods
Primary search encompassing 2006 to March, 2018 for existing systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and pooled analyses reporting on these relationships. Graded the strength of evidence using a matrix developed for the Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee.

Results
The association of self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) on all-cause mortality, CVD mortality, and atherosclerotic CVD—including incident coronary heart disease, ischemic stroke and heart failure—are very similar. Increasing MVPA to guidelines amounts in the inactive US population has the potential to have an important and substantial positive impact on these outcomes in the adult population. The following points are clear: the associations of PA with beneficial health outcomes begin when adopting very modest (one‐third of guidelines) amounts; any MVPA is better than none; meeting the 2008 PA guidelines reduces mortality and CVD risk to about 75% of the maximal benefit obtained by physical activity alone; PA amounts beyond guidelines recommendations amount reduces risk even more, but greater amounts of PA are required to obtain smaller health benefits; and there is no evidence of excess risk over the maximal effect observed at about three to five times the amounts associated with current guidelines. When PA is quantified in terms of energy expenditure (MET·h·wk−1), these relationships hold for walking, running, and biking.

Conclusions
To avoid the risks associated with premature mortality and the development of ischemic heart disease, ischemic stroke, and all-cause heart failure, all adults should strive to reach the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans.
Physical Activity Promotion: Highlights from the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Systematic Review
Authors: KING ABBY C. , WHITT-GLOVER MELICIA C. , MARQUEZ DAVID X. , BUMAN MATTHEW P. , NAPOLITANO MELISSA A. , JAKICIC JOHN , FULTON JANET E. , TENNANT BETHANY L. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This article describes effective interventions to promote regular physical activity and reduce sedentary behavior that were identified as part of the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Scientific Report.

Methods
A comprehensive literature search was conducted of eligible systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and relevant governmental reports published between 2011 and 2016. For the physical activity promotion question, articles were first sorted by four social ecological levels of impact (i.e., individual, community, communication environment, and physical environment and policy levels) and then further sorted into more specific categories that emerged during the review process. For the sedentary behavior reduction question, the literature was sorted directly into emergent categories (i.e., youth, adult, and worksite interventions).

Results
Effective physical activity promotion strategies were identified at each level of impact, including those based on behavior change theories and those occurring at different settings throughout the community. Effective interventions also included those delivered in person by trained staff or peer volunteers and through different information and communication technologies, such as by phone, Web or Internet, and computer-tailored print. A range of built environment features were associated with more transit-based and recreational physical activity in children and adults. Effective sedentary reduction interventions were found for youth and in the workplace.

Conclusions
A promising number of interventions with demonstrated effectiveness were identified. Future recommendations for research include investigating the most useful methods for disseminating them to real-world settings; incorporating more diverse population subgroups, including vulnerable and underrepresented subgroups; collecting cost data to inform cost-effectiveness comparisons; and testing strategies across different levels of impact to determine which combinations achieve the greatest effects on different modes of physical activity across the week.
O trabalho universitário: a experiência portuguesa
Authors: Caetano João Carlos Relvão 
Published: May 2019

No presente artigo, faz-se uma análise do trabalho dos universitários portugueses no séc. XXI, partindo-se do que estabelece a lei. Analisa-se concretamente o artigo 4º do Estatuto da Carreira Docente Universitária (ECDU), que estabelece as funções dos docentes universitários (investigação, docência, transferência do conhecimento e gestão). Procura saber-se o que é o trabalho universitário, quem são os trabalhadores universitários portugueses e de que modo se comportam e por quê. Embora se parta da lei, a perspetiva teórica é interdisciplinar, apoiando-se em abundantes factos. Mostra-se a evolução do sistema universitário português nas últimas décadas e os refl exos que tem no desempenho dos agentes. Evidencia-se a complexidade das tarefas dos universitários portugueses nos inícios do novo século, as difi culdades de carreira e os desafi os que têm pela frente. Mostra-se a signifi cativa relevância do seu trabalho para o desenvolvimento da sociedade. Refl ete-se ainda sobre o reconhecimento que a lei, o Estado e a sociedade devem ter sobre o seu trabalho.
Submodular Risk Allocation
Authors: Ghamami Samim , Glasserman Paul 
Published: May 2019

We analyze the optimal allocation of trades to portfolios when the cost associated with an allocation is proportional to each portfolio’s risk. Our investigation is motivated by changes in the over-the-counter derivatives markets, under which some contracts may be traded bilaterally or through central counterparties, splitting a set of trades into two or more portfolios. A derivatives dealer faces risk-based collateral and capital costs for each portfolio, and it seeks to minimize total margin requirements through its allocation of trades to portfolios. When margin requirements are submodular, the problem becomes a submodular intersection problem. Its dual provides per-trade margin attributions, and assigning trades to portfolios based on the lowest attributed costs yields an optimal allocation. As part of this investigation, we derive conditions under which standard deviation and other risk measures are submodular functions of sets of trades. We compare systemwide optimality with individually optimal allocations in a market with multiple dealers. This paper was accepted by Yinyu Ye, optimization.