bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AAC Carver field pea
Authors: Bing Deng-Jin , Beauchesne Don , McLaren Debra , Gan Yantai , Cuthbert Richard 
Published: December 2018

AAC Carver is a semi-leafless, yellow cotyledon, high-yielding field pea (Pisum sativum L.) variety developed at the Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, AB, Canada. It has a maturity of 96 d, seed size of 226 g, and good lodging resistance. AAC Carver is resistant to powdery mildew (caused by Erysiphe pisi DC.), and moderately susceptible to mycosphaerella blight [caused by Mycosphaerella pinodes (Berk. & Bloxam.) Vestergr.] and fusarium wilt [caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. pisi (Linford) Snyd. & Hans.]. AAC Carver is adapted to all field growing regions in western Canada.
Effect of alpha particle irradiations on the structural properties of graphene oxide
Authors: Eissa M. F. , El Rouby Waleed M. A. 
Published: December 2018

Graphene has been considered one of the most important materials for many applications due to its unique electronic structure, physical and chemical properties. Graphite flakes are the main source of graphene oxide which can be transformed to graphene after reduction. The effect of irradiation on graphene oxide has been rarely studied, only few studies dealing with the irradiation of graphene oxide with gamma radiation were reported. The effect of irradiation of graphene oxide with gamma ray doses (low linear energy transfer) has been previously studied. It was found that there are no changes in the crystalline structure of graphene oxide after irradiation. Graphene oxide was prepared by modified Hummer’s method. The scanning electron microscopy image of the obtained sample suggests the presence of both single and multilayer graphene oxide sheets. The structural measurements for the graphene oxide samples with high linear energy transfers were carried out after irradiations with different doses of alpha particle (9.30–479.90 Gy). The effect of irradiation on oxygen functional groups of graphene oxide was followed by Fourier transforms infra-red spectrometer. Moreover, the irradiation effect on the lamellar space of graphene oxide layers was measured by X-ray diffraction. It was found that the d-spacing of graphene oxide was decreased after alpha particles irradiation with different doses. The effect of irradiation on dielectric constant and conductivity of graphene oxide samples was measured in the frequency range (200 Hz–1.00 MHz). The dielectric measurements show less dependence on irradiation doses. The graphene oxide sample can be used as radiation dosimeter for [Formula: see text]-particles in the range of the low irradiation doses.
Influence of peak current on substrate plasma sheath properties of Ti films deposited by high-power pulsed magnetron sputtering
Authors: Chen C. Z. , Ma D. L. , Huang N. , Leng Y. X. 
Published: December 2018

For film deposition, the substrate sheath properties, such as the plasma density, ion-to-atom ratios around the substrate, are more important for the film structure. In this paper, titanium thin films were deposited on grounded substrates by high-power pulsed magnetron sputtering (HPPMS) with the peak current in the range of 113–185 A. A simple and new equivalent circuit model of the sheath was established to study the plasma density around the substrate sheath. The Ti ion-to-atom ratios near substrate were studied by optical emission spectroscopy (OES), and the film structure was detected by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that the calculated plasma density was from 0.8 × 10[Formula: see text] to 1.4 × 10[Formula: see text] m[Formula: see text] at different peak current. These were consistent with the results measured by a modified one-grid ion collector using saturation current probe method, which proved our proposed equivalent circuit model was correct. The Ti ion-to-atom ratios around the substrate were estimated at about 24%–62%. The plasma density and ion to atom ratio around the substrate increased with the peak current, and this could lead to a higher film crystallization and preference growth on Ti (101) and (100).
The mechanistic effect over the substrate in a square type atomic layer deposition reactor
Authors: Coetzee Rigardt Alfred Maarten , Jen Tien-Chien , Bhamjee Muaaz , Lu Junling 
Published: December 2018

The attractive key-enabling nanotechnology manufacturing technique of atomic layer deposition (ALD) is well-known to deposit ultra-thin, uniform, conformal and pinhole-free nano-films on complex topography. Over the years it has been used to deposit ultra-thin films in a multitude of industry applications such as microelectronics, solar cells, superconductors, fuel cells, and water purification membranes, among other applications. This study investigates the ALD process effects in the fabrication of Al2O3 thin film over the substrate. The mass fraction coverage over the substrate and deposition rate contours in a Gemstar 6 ALD reactor are examined. The analysis technique illustrates the parameter behavior over a Cartesian coordinate sector in a three-dimensional illustration. The governing laws of the conservation of mass, momentum, energy, species, and kinetic chemical reactions are analyzed numerically by ANSYS Fluent and ChemkinPro. The deposition rate profiles correlated with previous experimental findings in the literature, producing an average growth rate of 1.3 Å/cycles.
The primacy of rhythm: how discrete actions merge into a stable rhythmic pattern
Authors: Zhang Zhaoran , Sternad Dagmar 
Published: December 2018

This study examined how humans spontaneously merge a sequence of discrete actions into a rhythmic pattern, even when periodicity is not required. Two experiments used a virtual throwing task, in which subjects performed a long sequence of discrete throwing movements, aiming to hit a virtual target. In experiment 1, subjects performed the task for 11 sessions. Although there was no instruction to perform rhythmically, the variability of the interthrow intervals decreased to a level comparable to that of synchronizing with a metronome; furthermore, dwell times shortened or even disappeared with practice. Floquet multipliers and decreasing variability of the arm trajectories estimated in state space indicated an increasing degree of dynamic stability. Subjects who achieved a higher level of periodicity and stability also displayed higher accuracy in the throwing task. To directly test whether rhythmicity affected performance, experiment 2 disrupted the evolving continuity and periodicity by enforcing a pause between successive throws. This discrete group performed significantly worse and with higher variability in their arm trajectories than the self-paced group. These findings are discussed in the context of previous neuroimaging results showing that rhythmic movements involve significantly fewer cortical and subcortical activations than discrete movements and therefore may pose a computationally more parsimonious solution. Such emerging stable rhythms in neuromotor subsystems may serve as building blocks or dynamic primitives for complex actions. The tendency for humans to spontaneously fall into a rhythm in voluntary movements is consistent with the ubiquity of rhythms at all levels of the physiological system.NEW & NOTEWORTHY When performing a series of throws to hit a target, humans spontaneously merged successive actions into a continuous approximately periodic pattern. The degree of rhythmicity and stability correlated with hitting accuracy. Enforcing irregular pauses between throws to disrupt the rhythm deteriorated performance. Stable rhythmic patterns may simplify control of movement and serve as dynamic primitives for more complex actions. This observation reveals that biological systems tend to exhibit rhythmic behavior consistent with a plethora of physiological processes.
Intermittent single-joint fatiguing exercise reduces TMS-EEG measures of cortical inhibition
Authors: Otieno Lavender A. , Opie George M. , Semmler John G. , Ridding Michael C. , Sidhu Simranjit K. 
Published: December 2018

Fatiguing intermittent single-joint exercise causes an increase in corticospinal excitability and a decrease in intracortical inhibition when measured with peripherally recorded motor evoked potentials (MEPs) after transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Combined TMS and electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) allows for more direct recording of cortical responses through the TMS-evoked potential (TEP). The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in the excitatory and inhibitory components of the TEP during fatiguing single-joint exercise. Twenty-three young (22 ± 2 yr) healthy subjects performed intermittent 30-s maximum voluntary contractions of the right first dorsal interosseous muscle, followed by a 30-s relaxation period repeated for a total of 15 min. Six single-pulse TMSs and one peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) to evoke maximal M wave (Mmax) were applied during each relaxation period. A total of 90 TMS pulses and 5 PNSs were applied before and after fatiguing exercise to record MEP and TEP. The amplitude of the MEP (normalized to Mmax) increased during fatiguing exercise ( P < 0.001). There were no changes in local and global P30, N45, and P180 of TEPs during the development of intermittent single-joint exercise-induced fatigue. Global analysis, however, revealed a decrease in N100 peak of the TEP during fatiguing exercise compared with before fatiguing exercise ( P = 0.02). The decrease in N100 suggests a fatigue-related decrease in global intracortical GABAB-mediated inhibition. The increase in corticospinal excitability typically observed during single-joint fatiguing exercise may be mediated by a global decrease in intracortical inhibition. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Fatiguing intermittent single-joint exercise causes an increase in corticospinal excitability and a decrease in intracortical inhibition when measured with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-evoked potentials from the muscle. The present study provides new and direct cortical evidence, using TMS-EEG to demonstrate that during single-joint fatiguing exercise there is a global decrease in intracortical GABAB-mediated inhibition.
Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes—Location for Prognostic Evaluation
Authors: Peled Michael , Onn Amir , Herbst Roy S. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) are crucial for the success of immunotherapy, and their density can predict prognosis. It has now been shown that computer-based analysis of the spatial organization of TILs adds prognostic value in early-stage non–small cell lung cancer, possibly improving the treatment algorithm to prevent recurrence.
See related article by Corredor et al., p. 1526
Phf6 Loss Enhances HSC Self-Renewal Driving Tumor Initiation and Leukemia Stem Cell Activity in T-ALL
Authors: Wendorff Agnieszka A. , Quinn S. Aidan , Rashkovan Marissa , Madubata Chioma J. , Ambesi-Impiombato Alberto , Litzow Mark R. , Tallman Martin S. , Paietta Elisabeth , Paganin Maddalena , Basso Giuseppe , Gastier-Foster Julie M. , Loh Mignon L. , Rabadan Raul , Van Vlierberghe Pieter , Ferrando Adolfo A. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

The plant homeodomain 6 gene (PHF6) is frequently mutated in human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL); however, its specific functional role in leukemia development remains to be established. Here, we show that loss of PHF6 is an early mutational event in leukemia transformation. Mechanistically, genetic inactivation of Phf6 in the hematopoietic system enhances hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) long-term self-renewal and hematopoietic recovery after chemotherapy by rendering Phf6 knockout HSCs more quiescent and less prone to stress-induced activation. Consistent with a leukemia-initiating tumor suppressor role, inactivation of Phf6 in hematopoietic progenitors lowers the threshold for the development of NOTCH1-induced T-ALL. Moreover, loss of Phf6 in leukemia lymphoblasts activates a leukemia stem cell transcriptional program and drives enhanced T-ALL leukemia-initiating cell activity. These results implicate Phf6 in the control of HSC homeostasis and long-term self-renewal and support a role for PHF6 loss as a driver of leukemia-initiating cell activity in T-ALL.

Significance:
Phf6 controls HSC homeostasis, leukemia initiation, and T-ALL leukemia-initiating cell self-renewal. These results substantiate a role for PHF6 mutations as early events and drivers of leukemia stem cell activity in the pathogenesis of T-ALL.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 305
Young Stroke Survivors With No Early Recurrence at High Long‐Term Risk of Adverse Outcomes
Authors: Edwards Jodi D. , Kapral Moira K. , Lindsay M. Patrice , Fang Jiming , Swartz Richard H. 
Published: December 2018

Background
Approximately 8% to 21% of strokes affect adults aged <45 years. Although early stroke recurrence conveys the largest risk, long‐term risks for young survivors with no early complications are unclear.

Methods and Results
Longitudinal matched case‐control study (2003–2013). Consecutive patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (young, ≤44 years) discharged from emergency or regional stroke centers in Ontario, Canada, with no death, recurrent stroke/transient ischemic attack, myocardial infarction, all‐cause hospitalization, or admission to a long‐term or continuing care facility (≤90 days) were matched 10:1 to general population controls on age (±1 year), sex, income, geography, and case date (±50 days). The primary outcome was a composite of death, stroke, myocardial infarction, and long‐term or continuing care facility admission at 1, 3, and 5 years. Absolute event rates for young stroke/transient ischemic attack patients were lower than for older patients at 1 (2.2% versus 9.9%), 3 (4.7% versus 24.6%), and 5 (7.1% versus 37.2%) years. However, piecewise constant hazard modeling revealed that, even after adjustment for vascular comorbidities, young patients showed a 7‐fold increased hazard of the composite outcome compared with young controls at 1 year (hazard ratio, 7.3; 95% CI, 4.0–13.6). Adjusted 5‐year piecewise hazard also remained >5× that of young controls (hazard ratio, 5.2; 95% CI, 2.8–9.4), compared with a 30% increase at 5 years for older patients (hazard ratio, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.3–1.4).

Conclusions
Young stable stroke/transient ischemic attack survivors show a higher long‐term hazard of adverse outcomes compared with matched controls than older patients. Findings support the need for long‐term follow‐up and aggressive risk reduction in young survivors and suggest secondary prevention guidelines for these patients are required.
100 Years of Progress in Applied Meteorology. Part III: Additional Applications
Authors: Haupt Sue Ellen , Kosović Branko , McIntosh Scott W. , Chen Fei , Miller Kathleen , Shepherd Marshall , Williams Marcus , Drobot Sheldon 
Published: December 2018

AbstractApplied meteorology is an important and rapidly growing field. This chapter concludes the three-chapter series of this monograph describing how meteorological information can be used to serve society’s needs while at the same time advancing our understanding of the basics of the science. This chapter continues along the lines of Part II of this series by discussing ways that meteorological and climate information can help to improve the output of the agriculture and food-security sector. It also discusses how agriculture alters climate and its long-term implications. It finally pulls together several of the applications discussed by treating the food–energy–water nexus. The remaining topics of this chapter are those that are advancing rapidly with more opportunities for observation and needs for prediction. The study of space weather is advancing our understanding of how the barrage of particles from other planetary bodies in the solar system impacts Earth’s atmosphere. Our ability to predict wildland fires by coupling atmospheric and fire-behavior models is beginning to impact decision-support systems for firefighters. Last, we examine how artificial intelligence is changing the way we predict, emulate, and optimize our meteorological variables and its potential to amplify our capabilities. Many of these advances are directly due to the rapid increase in observational data and computer power. The applications reviewed in this series of chapters are not comprehensive, but they will whet the reader’s appetite for learning more about how meteorology can make a concrete impact on the world’s population by enhancing access to resources, preserving the environment, and feeding back into a better understanding how the pieces of the environmental system interact.
Patients’ experiences of Physical Therapy within Palliative Cancer Care
Authors: Dahlin Ylva , Heiwe Susanne 
Published: December 2018

Introduction Few studies have analyzed patients’ experiences of physical therapy within palliative cancer care. Objective: To describe how patients with incurable cancer experience physical therapy. Method: Seventeen patients were interviewed. Data was analyzed according to a contextual analysis within a phenomenographic approach. Result: Two aspects were identified: “clear and satisfactory” and “unclear and unsatisfactory”. Descriptive categories were: “participation”, “motivation and encouragement”, “independence”, “relief and well-being”, “security and hope”, “unclear part of the care”, and “insufficient number of interventions”. “Participation” was a core category interrelated with patient satisfaction. Conclusion: Physical therapy was important: it enabled independence, provided relief from distressing symptoms, and offered support. However, communication and coordination within the palliative care team has to improve if it is to minimize the negative impact of symptom distress on patient well-being and quality of life. Also, physical therapists must develop strategies for patient empowerment and methods for assessing and evaluating qualitative aspects of physical therapy in palliative cancer care.
Voyages in Care and Understanding
Authors: Roy David J. 
Published: December 2018

It is my responsibility, as editor of the Journal of Palliative Care, to ensure that the readership is kept up to date on important events and advances in the field. The publication of abstracts on appropriate occasions serves this purpose. The 2009 Canadian Hospice Palliative Care Conference merits serious attention in this Canadian-based international journal. I am happy to publish the abstracts of oral presentations for this interdisciplinary gathering of palliative care experts from around the world. Since the Journal is dedicated to promoting quality articles and methodologically rigorous research in palliative care, I look forward to the publication in the near future of a number of the papers announced in these abstracts.
Slowly expanding/evolving lesions as a magnetic resonance imaging marker of chronic active multiple sclerosis lesions
Authors: Elliott Colm , Wolinsky Jerry S , Hauser Stephen L , Kappos Ludwig , Barkhof Frederik , Bernasconi Corrado , Wei Wei , Belachew Shibeshih , Arnold Douglas L 
Published: December 2018

Background: Chronic lesion activity driven by smoldering inflammation is a pathological hallmark of progressive forms of multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective: To develop a method for automatic detection of slowly expanding/evolving lesions (SELs) on conventional brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and characterize such SELs in primary progressive MS (PPMS) and relapsing MS (RMS) populations. Methods: We defined SELs as contiguous regions of existing T2 lesions showing local expansion assessed by the Jacobian determinant of the deformation between reference and follow-up scans. SEL candidates were assigned a heuristic score based on concentricity and constancy of change in T2- and T1-weighted MRIs. SELs were examined in 1334 RMS patients and 555 PPMS patients. Results: Compared with RMS patients, PPMS patients had higher numbers of SELs ( p = 0.002) and higher T2 volumes of SELs ( p < 0.001). SELs were devoid of gadolinium enhancement. Compared with areas of T2 lesions not classified as SEL, SELs had significantly lower T1 intensity at baseline and larger decrease in T1 intensity over time. Conclusion: We suggest that SELs reflect chronic tissue loss in the absence of ongoing acute inflammation. SELs may represent a conventional brain MRI correlate of chronic active MS lesions and a candidate biomarker for smoldering inflammation in MS.
Is laparoscopy still of value in managing the patient with abdominal trauma?
Authors: Penn Charles , Khan Mansoor 
Published: December 2018

Introduction Stabbings are an increasing international problem and the UK is not exempt. Although the incidence and costs of negative laparotomy are well known, and laparoscopy has been available for over 100 years, it is only in the last three decades that has seen its effective utilization in trauma both as a diagnostic and therapeutic modality. Methods A retrospective two-year study of all patients undergoing laparoscopy for suspicion of diaphragmatic injury or breach of the peritoneum who were haemodynamically stable from non-ballistic penetrating torso trauma at St Mary’s Hospital (Imperial Healthcare Trust). Results Three groups of patients were identified: diagnostic laparoscopy without injury (n = 31), laparoscopy with injury ± laparoscopic treatment (n = 41) and diagnostic laparoscopy converted to laparotomy (n = 10). The patients who had laparoscopic intervention had a shorter hospital stay (2 vs. 5 days, p = 0.004), decreased intensive treatment unit admission (p = 0.007) and decreased intensive treatment unit stay (p = 0.007) compared to those who had conversion to laparotomy. Conclusion Trauma laparoscopy is a useful modality in managing selected trauma patient with suspected intra-abdominal injuries and can avoid unnecessary laparotomy. It is associated with a shorter hospital stay.
Predictors of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Cryptogenic Stroke
Authors: Renati Swetha , Stone David K. , Almeida Leonardo , Wilson Christina A. 
Published: December 2018

Background and Purpose: Many patients diagnosed with cryptogenic stroke or transient ischemic attack are subsequently found to have atrial fibrillation (AF) on outpatient cardiac telemetry monitoring. Identification of predictive factors for the detection of AF could assist with patient selection to increase the yield of telemetry and hasten initiation of appropriate secondary stroke prevention. Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of patients diagnosed with cryptogenic stroke at a comprehensive stroke center and referred for at least 21 days of prolonged outpatient telemetry. Telemetry reports and data from the patient’s stroke hospitalization, including imaging studies, electrocardiogram (EKG), echocardiogram, vital signs, and laboratory data, were reviewed. Results: Ten percent of the 121 patients included in the study were diagnosed with AF based on outpatient telemetry. There was a strong association between presence of premature atrial contractions (PACs) on admission EKG and subsequent detection of AF ( P = .004). Large left atrial diameter on echocardiogram was correlated with AF detection in males ( P = .024). However, there was no association between AF and other echocardiographic measurements. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were significantly higher in patients with cryptogenic stroke having AF ( P = .008), with a TSH greater than 4.20 mIU/L predictive of detection of AF ( P < .001). Conclusions: Atrial fibrillation was found by outpatient monitoring in a notable percentage of patients with cryptogenic stroke. Predictors of occult AF in our study population included PACs and higher TSH levels. Although an association between low TSH and AF has been well established, our results suggest that high TSH may be a predictive factor as well.