bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reply to: Mechanisms by which growth and succession limit the impact of fire in a south‐western Australian forested ecosystem—A comment on Zylstra et al.'s model
Authors: Zylstra Philip , Wardell‐Johnson Grant 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Empirical evidence in scientific literature shows that forest flammability in south‐western Australia declines as forests recover from disturbance, indicating that current policies mandating disturbance may be counterproductive. Zylstra et al. (2023) used mechanistic modelling to explain this trend in Red Tingle (Eucalyptus jacksonii) forest in south‐western Australia. McCaw. (2024) have questioned the validity of the modelling, advancing hypothetical arguments as to why one of the inputs (‘suspended litter’) is incorrect and re‐asserting the need for the current policy.

The primary argument by McCaw. (2024) depends upon the redefinition of a component of surface litter into suspended litter. The published definition of near‐surface fuel defines necromass as ‘suspended’ fuel only if it is suspended in living plants or collapsed shrubs. McCaw. (2024) removed this requirement, so that a component of surface fuel was incorrectly measured as ‘suspended’ fuel long after the plants that might suspend it had self‐thinned from the landscape.

This physically impossible assertion was supported by an empirical study led by an architect of the policy and utilising the same redefinition of suspended litter, also reporting physically impossible findings as a result.

Given the well‐documented decline in wildfire likelihood in long‐unburnt forest, the claim by McCaw. (2024) that suspended litter does not decline suggests at best that such litter plays a lesser role than previously believed. The approaches used by McCaw. (2024) to defend Government policy should be understood in context of growing international concerns around scientific suppression used in defence of Government policy.

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Mowing and traditional grazing as a conservation strategy: Fine‐spatial scale impacts on the invasion of false indigo bush (Amorpha fruticosa L.) in marsh meadows
Authors: Nagy Krisztina Napsugár , Bakacsy László 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study examined the effects of conservation management strategies, including traditional grazing, on marsh vegetation invaded by false indigo bush (Amorpha fruticosa L.) Fine‐scale methods were employed to analyze vegetation in stands subjected to combined treatments (mowing and grazing) as well as in untreated invaded stands. Vegetation composition and diversity were evaluated using four key metrics: compositional diversity (CD), local distinctiveness (LD), association (AS), and realized species combinations (NRC). Results revealed that the combined treatment led to significantly increased CD (5.366 ± 0.394) and LD (6.41 ± 0.668), despite the presence of the invasive species. Conversely, untreated invaded vegetation exhibited lower CD (3.756 ± 0.755) and LD (4.079 ± 0.93). Additionally, AS and NRC values were higher in treated stands, although the differences were not statistically significant. Notably, the characteristic areas of all functions did not differ significantly between treated and untreated stands. These findings suggest that combining management strategies, such as mowing and traditional grazing, effectively limits A. fruticosa invasion and supports marsh ecosystem diversity by promoting the coexistence of native species. Continuous management, particularly grazing, is crucial, as cessation of these practices may lead to rapid reinvasion by the invasive species and a subsequent loss of native biodiversity. Overall, this study highlights the importance of proactive management strategies in combating invasive species and conserving marshland biodiversity.
Nostalgic deprivation and populism: Evidence from 19 European countries
Authors: FERWERDA JEREMY , GEST JUSTIN , RENY TYLER 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPopulist parties have been increasingly successful in European politics over the last decade. Although research suggests that nostalgic deprivation – a perceived loss of economic, political or social status — is linked to support for populist parties, the generalizability of this argument across voters and national contexts remains unclear. In this research note, we leverage original representative surveys across 19 European countries to demonstrate that perceptions of declining status are a consistent predictor of populist support. Decomposing nostalgic deprivation into different dimensions, we find that while social, economic and power deprivation have different antecedents, each predicts populist attitudes and voting behaviour. Moreover, we find that nostalgic deprivation predicts support for populist platforms among both left‐wing and right‐wing respondents, as well as across Eastern and Western Europe. While the antecedents differ across contexts, these findings confirm that perceptions of downward mobility are associated with the rise of populism in Europe.
Chasing the authoritarian spectre: Detecting authoritarian discourse with large language models
Authors: MOCHTAK MICHAL 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe paper introduces a deep‐learning model fine‐tuned for detecting authoritarian discourse in political speeches. Set up as a regression problem with weak supervision logic, the model is trained for the task of classification of segments of text for being/not being associated with authoritarian discourse. Rather than trying to define what an authoritarian discourse is, the model builds on the assumption that authoritarian leaders inherently define it. In other words, authoritarian leaders talk like authoritarians. When combined with the discourse defined by democratic leaders, the model learns the instances that are more often associated with authoritarians on the one hand and democrats on the other. The paper discusses several evaluation tests using the model and advocates for its usefulness in a broad range of research problems. It presents a new methodology for studying latent political concepts and positions as an alternative to more traditional research strategies.
Do Commercial Ties Influence ESG Ratings? Evidence from Moody's and S&P
Authors: LI XUANBO , LOU YUN , ZHANG LIANDONG 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTWe provide the first evidence that conflicts of interest arising from commercial ties lead to bias in environmental, social, and governance (ESG) ratings. Using the acquisitions of Vigeo Eiris and RobecoSAM by Moody's and S&P as shocks to the commercial ties between ESG rating agencies and their rated firms, we show that, after their acquisitions by the credit rating agencies (CRAs), ESG rating agencies issue higher ratings to existing paying clients of the CRAs. This effect is greater for firms that have more intensive business relationships with the CRAs, but weaker for firms with more transparent ESG disclosures or higher long‐term institutional ownership. The upwardly biased ESG ratings help client firms issue more green bonds and enable the CRAs to maintain credit rating business. Finally, the upwardly biased ESG ratings are less informative of future ESG news. Overall, the business incentives of rating providers appear to engender ESG rating bias.
Association of hypoalbuminemia with hospitalization and mortality in hemodialysis patients with COVID‐19
Authors: Zheng Peilan , Jiang Hanwen , Lu Hailing , Zhuang Yongze 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntroductionHypoalbuminemia is associated with poor nutritional status and inflammatory response in infectious diseases. It is commonly observed in COVID‐19 patients. The aim of this study is to assess the association of serum albumin with hospitalization and mortality in dialysis patients with COVID‐19.MethodsWe retrospectively collected 250 dialysis patients, with and without COVID‐19. Demographic characteristics, clinical symptoms, and laboratory tests on admission or the confirmation of COVID‐19 were collected. Univariate logistic regression model was used to evaluate the association of various factors with hospitalization and death in these patients.ResultsA total of 250 patients were included between December 1, 2022, and February 1, 2023, in our dialysis center. Among them, 218 were dialysis patients with COVID‐19, and 32 were without COVID‐19. Ten patients died due to COVID‐19, and 8 patients had clinical data. In dialysis patients with COVID‐19, a significant difference in serum albumin levels was observed between outpatients (37.28 ± 4.01 g/L) and hospitalized patients (33.42 ± 3.82 g/L), as well as between survivors (37.12 ± 4.07 g/L) and non‐survivors (31.92 ± 2.52 g/L). Univariate logistic regression showed that the reduced albumin levels were associated with an increased risk of hospitalization and mortality in dialysis patients with COVID‐19.ConclusionsOur study revealed that reduced serum albumin is associated with an increased risk of hospitalization and mortality in dialysis patients with COVID‐19. Low serum albumin levels suggest a poor prognosis and nutritional support may improve clinical outcomes.
Of deviance and patriarchy: Mechanisms of gender discrimination in public‐sector corruption
Authors: Zaloznaya Marina , Glanville Jennifer L. , Haylett Jennifer 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAlthough men are overrepresented among the perpetrators of high‐profile, white‐collar crime, examinations of public‐sector corruption typically reveal little‐to‐no gender differences in participation. Drawing from Steffensmeier's theory of gender inequality in the criminal underworld and Tomaskovic‐Devey and Avent‐Holt's relational theory of inequality, we argue that this apparent equality conceals systematically different patterns of engagement. We hypothesize that bureaucrats and other facilitators are more willing to collaborate with men than with women. Because public‐sector corruption markets are not male dominated, we argue that “gatekeepers” of both genders systematically exclude women from lucrative illegal collaborations. We further hypothesize that patterns of gender inequality are more pronounced in riskier and more profitable public‐sector corruption. We test these hypotheses with data from an original nationally representative survey conducted in Russia in 2018 using models that incorporate controls for explanations that locate gender differences in crime engagement in offender attributes. Our results demonstrate that gender differences in public‐sector corruption are a function of coordination among multiple actors. These relational dynamics advantage Russian men over women in that they are more likely to use less costly types of remuneration and to engage in high‐stakes exchanges with bigger material yields.
Petrogenesis of the Hercynian Granite in the Shuangjianzishan Super‐large Ag Polymetallic Deposit, Inner Mongolia and its Metallogenic Significance: Evidence from Geochronology and Petrogeochemistry
Authors: LIU Yu , JIANG Biao , WU Liwen , ZUO Yushan , LIU Zhao , LIU Haitao 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe Shuangjianzishan deposit is a typical magmatic‐hydrothermal deposit located in the southern Great Xing'an Range. Recent investigations have identified significant copper and tin mineralization at depth within the Shuangjianzishan deposit; however, the coupling relationship between magmatic emplacement and mineralization processes remains debated. This study presents whole‐rock geochemistry, zircon LA‐ICP‐MS U‐Pb dating, and zircon Hf isotope analyses of granite from the northern Shuangjianzishan deposit. The analysis results indicate the granite crystallized between 252.3 and 257.9 Ma, corresponding to Late Permian magmatic activity. The granite displays ɛHf(t) = 5.95‐14.87, and tDM2 = 333–900 Ma. Geochemically, the granite is rich in Si and Al, with high K, classified as a calc‐alkaline, weakly peraluminous rock. LREEs are enriched, while HREEs are depleted, and a slight negative Eu anomaly, all of which are consistent with A‐type granite characteristics. The Hercynian granite in the Shuangjianzishan deposit formed during the latter or post‐collisional stages of the collision orogeny following the closure of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean in the late Paleozoic era. The material source indicates a mixed origin, involving both crust and mantle contributions. The granite is also enriched in Cu, Pb, and Zn, suggesting its potential role as an ore‐forming material source for the Shuangjianzishan deposit. This study proposes a potential link between Hercynian magmatism and mineralization at the Shuangjianzishan deposit for the first time, suggesting that multistage metallogenesis may be a response to successive magmatic events from Hercynian to Yanshanian periods in the mining area.
Facilitators to implementing preventive health interventions for adolescents in the emergency department: A multicenter qualitative analysis
Authors: Rutland Emily , Bugaighis Mona , Cruz Andrea T. , Goyal Monika K. , Mistry Rakesh D. , Reed Jennifer L. , Santelli John S. , Dayan Peter S. , Chernick Lauren S. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectivesAdolescents frequently use the emergency department (ED) to meet their health care needs, and many use the ED as their primary source of care. The ED is therefore well situated to provide preventive health care to large numbers of adolescents. The objective of this multicenter qualitative analysis was to identify factors that influence the implementation of preventive health care interventions for adolescent patients in the ED.MethodsWe conducted semistructured interviews with ED health care providers (HCPs) from five academic pediatric EDs in distinct geographic regions. We developed an interview guide to explore HCP attitudes and beliefs related to implementing preventive health interventions in the ED. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded by three investigators. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) was used as a guide to code and analyze interview data. We collaboratively generated themes that represent factors that are perceived to facilitate the implementation of preventive health interventions for adolescent patients in the ED setting.ResultsWe conducted 38 interviews (18 pediatric emergency medicine attendings/fellows, 11 registered nurses, five nurse practitioners, or and four physician assistants). We generated 10 themes across the five CFIR domains: innovation characteristics (designing interventions to promote adolescent engagement), inner setting (integrating interventions into ED workflow and scope, minimizing provider burden), outer setting (involving the community, aligning with departmental and institutional missions), individuals (identifying champions), and implementation process (involving key stakeholders early, having patience, and targeting all patients to reduce stigma).ConclusionsFactors facilitating implementation of preventive health interventions for adolescent patients in the ED encompassed multiple CFIR domains, elucidating how the delivery of preventive health interventions for this patient population in the ED requires considering numerous factors comprehensively. These data suggest methods to enhance and facilitate implementation of preventive health interventions for adolescents in the ED.
Enlarged choroid plexus related to atrophy of hippocampal subfield volumes and glymphatic dysfunction in benzodiazepine use disorder
Authors: Zhou Yang , Yi Meizhi , Li Xun , Wang Tianyao , Jiang Yihong , Zhang Luokai , Hu Jun , Wu Huiting , Zou Wei , Liu Jun , Zhou Hong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to explore the relationship of choroid plexus (CP) volume with hippocampal subregion volume and glymphatic system in patients with benzodiazepine use disorders (BUD).MethodsEighty‐four participants were recruited including 23 patients with BUD, 29 patients with chronic insomnia (CI) and 32 healthy controls (HC). The morphological alterations in CP, hippocampal subfield volumes and diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI‐ALPS) index were compared between the three groups and the relationships between CP volume and hippocampal subfield volumes and the glymphatic system were further investigated.ResultsCompared with the HC individuals, the CP volumes augmented and hippocampal subfield volumes reduced in patients with BUD (P < .05) but not in patients with CI (P > .05). In patients with BUD, there were extensive relationships between augmented CP volume and decreased hippocampal subfield volumes (P < .05, r = −0.421–−0.513). CP volume was negatively related with the DTI‐ALPS index (r = −0.582, P = .004) within the BUD group. In patients with BUD, the volume of bilateral cornu ammonis (CA)1 body, molecular layer (ML) body, hippocampal tail, left CA1 head volumes, right dentate gyrus body volumes, and right CA4 body volumes were positively related with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores (P < .05, r = 0.422–0.683). Right CA1 and ML body volumes positively related with the Mini‐Mental State Examination scores (P < .05, r = 0.503–0.575).ConclusionsThe enlarged CP related to atrophy of hippocampal subfield volumes and the glymphatic system dysfunction were shown in BUD patients.
Insect immunity in the Anthropocene
Authors: Khan Md Kawsar , Rolff Jens 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAnthropogenic activities result in global change, including climate change, landscape degradation and pollution, that can alter insect physiology and immune defences. These changes may have contributed to global insect decline and the dynamics of insect‐transmitted diseases. The ability of insects to mount immune responses upon infection is crucial for defence against pathogens and parasites. Suppressed immune defences reduce fitness by causing disease‐driven mortality and elevated immune responses reduce energy available to invest in other fitness traits such as reproduction. Understanding the impact of anthropogenic factors on insect–pathogen interactions is therefore key to determining the contribution of anthropogenic global change to pathogen‐driven global insect decline and the emergence and transmission of insect‐borne diseases. Here, we synthesise evidence of the impact of anthropogenic factors on insect immunity. We found evidence that anthropogenic factors, such as insecticides and heavy metals, directly impacting insect immune responses by inhibiting immune activation pathways. Alternatively, factors such as global warming, heatwaves, elevated CO2 and landscape degradation can indirectly reduce insect immune responses via reducing the energy available for immune function. We further review how anthropogenic factors impact pathogen clearance and contribute to an increase in vector‐borne diseases. We discuss the fitness cost of anthropogenic factors via pathogen‐driven mortality and reduced reproductive output and how this can contribute to species extinction. We found that most research has determined the impact of a single anthropogenic factor on insect immune responses or pathogen resistance. We recommend studying the combined impact of multiple stressors on immune response and pathogen resistance to understand better how anthropogenic factors affect insect immunity. We conclude by highlighting the importance of initiatives to mitigate the impact of anthropogenic factors on insect immunity, to reduce the spread of vector‐borne diseases, and to protect vulnerable ecosystems from emerging diseases.
Association and mediation pathways of maternal hyperglycaemia and liability to gestational diabetes with neonatal outcomes: A two‐sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: He Baoting , Lam Hugh Simon , Qiu Xiu , Shen Songying , Luo Shan , Slob Eric A. W. , Au Yeung Shiu Lun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAimsMaternal hyperglycemia is linked to adverse neonatal outcomes. However, current evidence was insufficient for mechanistic pathways. We aim to use two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the causal association and mediation pathways.Materials and MethodsGenetic variants of fasting glucose (FG), insulin sensitivity index (ISI), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) were used as instruments (N = 50 404–898 130). The associations with offspring birthweight, gestational duration, spontaneous preterm and post‐term birth were assessed by the inverse‐variance weighted method, using summary statistics of European genome‐wide association studies (N = 131 279–210 248). Sensitivity analyses, including multivariable MR removing pleiotropic effect from maternal body mass index (BMI), assessed the robustness. Mediation via placental weight and maternal hypertension were assessed via a two‐step MR design.ResultsFG (0.46 SD per mmol/L, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.32, 0.61) and GDM liability (0.18 SD per log odds, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.18) were positively associated with birthweight, with consistent findings for HbA1c, T2D liability and ISI. These associations were mediated by placental weight (proportion mediated: 32.8% to 77.7%). Higher HbA1c, GDM and T2D liability were associated with preterm birth (odds ratios for GDM: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.14) and shorter gestational duration, whilst the association for T2D attenuated after adjusted for maternal BMI and gestational hypertension.ConclusionMaternal hyperglycemia is associated with higher birthweight (possibly indicating macrosomia), mediated via increased placental growth. GDM and T2D liability are related to preterm birth, whilst the association for T2D liability is driven by maternal adiposity.
Current State of Professionalism Curriculum in Oral Health Education
Authors: Nasseripour Melanie , Agouropoulos Andreas , Van Harten Maria Theresa , Correia Maria , Sabri Nibal , Rollman Annemiek 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAimThe aim of this study was to systematically review the relevant literature on teaching professionalism in dental curricula and report the relevant data from a survey of members of the Association for Dental Education in Europe (ADEE) on the topic.Materials and MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of the literature and a cross‐sectional study using an online questionnaire regarding teaching and assessment of professionalism in dental schools, members of the ADEE. The literature review identified 33 articles related to professionalism in dental curricula. The survey sent to the membership of the Association for Dental Education in Europe yielded responses from 27 European dental schools and four schools outside Europe.ResultsVarious study designs were identified in the review, and the main themes discussed included teaching/pedagogy, ethics/humanities, core domains and assessment of professionalism. Twenty schools reported having specific courses dedicated to professionalism, while the format varied, including entire modules, separate learning outcomes or unit structures. Ethics, communication, law/legal framework/deontology, teamworking and management/leadership were among the common topics taught under the banner of professionalism. Many schools reported increases or no changes in hours, staffing, themes/topics covered and weight in the curriculum for professionalism over the last decade.ConclusionThe paper provides valuable insights into the current state of professionalism education in dental curricula and offers directions for enhancing its effectiveness and relevance in preparing future dental professionals. Collaborative efforts among dental educators and institutions can contribute to the continuous improvement of professionalism education and practice in dentistry.