bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal behavior and kinetics study of carbon/epoxy resin composites
Authors: Xu Yanying , Yang Yang , Shen Ruiqing , Parker Trent , Zhang Ying , Wang Zhi , Wang Qingsheng 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCarbon/epoxy laminates and foam‐core sandwich composites are frequently used as engineering materials within the aerospace sector. However, epoxy resin matrix and foam‐core materials are highly flammable. In this work, the thermal behaviors of carbon/epoxy laminates and foam‐core sandwich composites were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis at different heating rates in atmospheric air. The morphological images of specimens and the residue after pyrolysis at different characteristic temperatures were further investigated using scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, thermogravimetric Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to analyze the vapors and gases evolved during the thermal decomposition. It was determined that the pyrolysis reactions of carbon/epoxy laminates and foam‐core sandwich composites consist of three decomposition steps. Furthermore, an increase in the heating rate of each material results in higher initial and final temperatures for each thermal decomposition step. Kinetic parameters for the decomposition for carbon/epoxy composites were estimated using Kissinger, Flynn‐Wall‐Ozawa, and Starink methods, and the corresponding thermodynamic parameters were obtained. Through analysis of the reaction kinetics, it was determined that the pyrolysis reactions of carbon/epoxy composites are not easily activated, requiring significant activation energy, but the series of reactions take place easily once this energy barrier is overcome.
Enhancing Rate Performances of Carbon Based Supercapacitors
Authors: Mao Zhan Xin , Zhang Wenjing , Wang Min Jie , Peng Lishan , Hong Wei , Deng Jianghai , Li Jing , Wei Zidong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAlthough continuously increased capacitance records have been reported, the rate performance of carbon based supercapacitors is still short of expectation. We herein present a facile but general surface engineering route, which is able to remarkably increase the rate capability by 26% on average, particularly for various carbon based materials. The adopted HNO3‐H2O2 acid treatment process introduces copious heteroatoms and transfers the surface to be superhydrophilic, which largely improve the accessible interior surface areas for higher capacitances under high current densities, thus producing better rate performances.
Do people exploit risk–reward structures to simplify information processing in risky choice?
Authors: Leuker Christina , Pachur Thorsten , Hertwig Ralph , Pleskac Timothy J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe high rewards people desire are often unlikely. Here, we investigated whether decision-makers exploit such ecological correlations between risks and rewards to simplify their information processing. In a learning phase, participants were exposed to options in which risks and rewards were negatively correlated, positively correlated, or uncorrelated. In a subsequent risky choice task, where the emphasis was on making either a ‘fast’ or the ‘best’ possible choice, participants’ eye movements were tracked. The changes in the number, distribution, and direction of eye fixations in ‘fast’ trials did not differ between the risk–reward conditions. In ‘best’ trials, however, participants in the negatively correlated condition lowered their evidence threshold, responded faster, and deviated from expected value maximization more than in the other risk–reward conditions. The results underscore how conclusions about people’s cognitive processing in risky choice can depend on risk–reward structures, an often neglected environmental property.
Roles of age, gender and psychological difficulties in adolescent mentalizing
Authors: Poznyak Elena , Morosan Larisa , Perroud Nader , Speranza Mario , Badoud Deborah , Debbané Martin 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionAdolescence is a critical period for the development of mentalizing – the imaginative capacity to understand one's own and others' behaviour in terms of underlying mental states. Yet, factors and mechanisms underlying individual differences in adolescent mentalizing remain poorly understood. This exploratory study examined whether and how a) age and gender and b) psychological difficulties correlate with mentalizing performance in adolescents from the general population.Methods89 adolescents from Geneva, Switzerland (54 females, age 12–17 years) completed a computerized task of mentalizing and a self‐report measure of psychopathology.ResultsMentalizing performance improved with age. Males showed lower scores on the mentalizing task and made more hypermentalizing errors than females. The main findings revealed a negative association between mentalizing performance and self‐reported attention problems. Post‐hoc analyses further demonstrated that self‐reported attentional difficulties were particularly associated with weaker scores on items requiring mentalizing about intentions, while self‐reported withdrawal/depression symptoms were particularly associated with weaker scores on items requiring mentalizing about emotions and thoughts.ConclusionThe present study highlights a negative association between attentional difficulties and mentalizing performance in community adolescents. Moreover, it provides preliminary evidence suggesting that age, gender and psychological difficulties can be distinctively associated with patterns of correct and incorrect mentalizing in community adolescents. Implications for future research and clinical practice are discussed.
Clinical retrospective analysis of 15 cases of choanal atresia – Our experience
Authors: Abdul Cader Segana Hasan , Shah Fahim Ahmed , Reghunandanan Nair 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveChoanal atresia is a rare congenital disorder due to failed recanalization of the nasal fossae during fetal development. This article focuses on our experience in dealing with choanal atresia and its management. Here we discuss the varied clinical symptoms that the patients presented with, the clinical tests and investigations that were specific in diagnosing this condition and surgical management of these cases with endoscopic transnasal choanaplasty with stenting and follow up topical Mitomycin C application.Material and methodsThis is a retrospective study based on computerized medical record review of the patients born in Department of ENT of Sur Hospital between 2002 and 2017. The patients were assessed with detailed history, presentation of clinical symptoms and all underwent nasal endoscopy and CT scans for assessing the atretic type. These patients underwent transnasal endoscopic choanaplasty under general anesthesia using microdebrider and stented using endotracheal tube. The patients were regularly followed up for review with nasal endoscopy after discharge between 4th and 7th postoperative period. The parents were educated on nursing care and the stent was removed in 4 weeks, all patients had Mitomycin C applied to the neochoana and were on regular follow up for a year with no recurrence.ResultsFifteen patient records were analyzed, 10 females and 5 males, ages varying from newborns up to 14 years old. Unilateral to bilateral choanal atresia was 4:1 ratio and female‐male showed 2:1 ratio. Right malformation was predominant in both sexes in unilateral atresia. Mixed imperforation (bone‐membranous) was the most frequently observed type, followed by bone malformation. The commonest symptom during diagnosis was rhinorrhea and the least one was respiratory failure. Majority of cases were diagnosed by CT scans of sinuses. Around 10% patients presented with cardiac problems. None had restenosis in one year follow up.ConclusionsNeonates with acute respiratory insufficiency due to choanal atresia can be diagnosed with simple bedside tests like cold spatula test, less invasive tests like failure to pass intranasal catheter, CT scan. Surgical correction with endoscopic intranasal choanaplasty is the way to address this problem and could avoid radical palatal approach, less morbidity and high success rate.
How do emergency departments and emergency leaders catalyze positive change through quality improvement collaborations?
Authors: Chartier Lucas B. , Mondoux Shawn E. , Stang Antonia S. , Dukelow Adam M. , Dowling Shawn K. , Kwok Edmund S. H. , Trivedi Sachin V. , Tepper Joshua , Lang Eddy 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTObjectivesQuality Improvement and Patient Safety (QIPS) plays an important role in addressing shortcomings in optimal healthcare delivery. However, there is little published guidance available for emergency department (ED) teams with respect to developing their own QIPS programs. We sought to create recommendations for established and aspiring ED leaders to use as a pathway to better patient care through programmatic QIPS activities, starting internally and working towards interdepartmental collaboration.MethodsAn expert panel comprised of ten ED clinicians with QIPS and leadership expertise was established. A scoping review was conducted to identify published literature on establishing QIPS programs and frameworks in healthcare. Stakeholder consultations were conducted among Canadian healthcare leaders, and recommendations were drafted by the expert panel based on all the accumulated information. These were reviewed and refined at the 2018 CAEP Academic Symposium in Calgary using in-person and technologically-supported feedback.ResultsRecommendations include: creating a sense of urgency for improvement; engaging relevant stakeholders and leaders; creating a formal local QIPS Committee; securing funding and resources; obtaining local data to guide the work; supporting QIPS training for team members; encouraging interprofessional, cross-departmental, and patient collaborations; using an established QIPS framework to guide the work; developing reward mechanisms and incentive structures; and considering to start small by focusing on a project rather than a program.ConclusionA list of 10 recommendations is presented as guiding principles for the establishment and sustainable deployment of QIPS activities in EDs throughout Canada and abroad. ED leaders are encouraged to implement our recommendations in an effort to improve patient care.
Shifted phenology in the pine processionary moth affects the outcome of tree–insect interaction
Authors: Rocha S. , Caldeira M.C. , Burban C. , Kerdelhué C. , Branco M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn the Mediterranean and temperate regions, an increase in the frequency and intensity of drought events has been recorded, probably due to climate change. In consequence, trees will more frequently experience hydric stress, a condition that can be expected to affect insect–tree interactions, while adaptation mechanisms may be further in course. The effect of tree water stress on the performance of two allochronic populations ofThaumetopoea pityocampawas here studied. Namely, we compared a unique population of this insect, in which the larvae develop in the summer (SP), with the typical population having winter larval development (WP), to test the adaptation hypothesis to host plant status. Larvae of each population were fed on needles of young pottedPinus pinasterplants under two water supply regimes: (i) well-watered (control) and (ii) subjected to 3 months of drought stress. Compared to control, stressed plants had higher amounts of soluble sugars, phenols, and higher C/N ratio, whereas water content and chlorophylls concentrations were lower. In general,T. pityocampalarvae had lower performances on water-stressed plants, as shown by lower survival rates, lower needle consumption, and longer development times. Yet, the detrimental effects of tree stress were only significant for the WP larvae, while SP larvae were able to overcome such conditions. Results demonstrate that tree water stress can negatively affectT. pityocampapopulations. Furthermore, the evidence is also provided that responses to the physiological condition of the host trees may occur at the population level, as a result of adaptation mechanisms driven by climate change.
Effect of weedy culture on population densities, spatial distributions and sampling procedures ofSpodoptera exiguaandSesamia cretica(Lep., Noctuidae) in corn fields
Authors: Dinarvand N. , Rajabpour A. , Zandi Sohani N. , Farkhari M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSpodoptera exiguaHübner andSesamia creticaLed. (Lep., Noctuidae) are two important pests of corn. In this study, the effect of weed bands in the corn field, as weedy culture, on population density and damages of the pests were evaluated during two growing seasons (2016/2017). Cumulative insect days (CID) of each lepidopteran pest in weedy culture were compared with non-weedy culture. Results showed that CIDs ofS. exiguaandS. creticain the non-weedy corn culture were significantly higher than the weedy corn culture. There was no significant difference between the total yield in the weedy and non-weedy cultures. Also, determinations of spatial distributions of the pests in the weedy and no-weedy treatments using Taylor's power law (TPL) and Iwao's patchiness (IP) showed that TPL provides a better fit for the data than IP and spatial distributions of both pests on both cultures were aggregative. Moreover, minor differences were observed between spatial distribution parameters of the pests in the weedy and non-weedy cultures. Green's model was used for developing a fixed-precision sequential sampling plan of the pests on the weedy and no-weedy treatments. Optimum sample sizes ofS. exiguaranged from 532 to 5370 and 428 to 5296 plants andS. creticavaried from 297 to 2040 and 43 to 186 plants in the non-weedy and weedy cultures based on the desired precision level (0.25–0.1). Estimated stop lines of non-weedy and weedy cultures forS. exiguaranged from 0.000057 to 52.59 and 0.00029 to 58.87 and forS. creticaranged from 1.59 to 111.5 and 2.09 to 98.03 larval cumulative numbers, respectively (0.25–0.1). The performance of the sampling plan was validated by resampling analysis using RVSP software. Results of the study can be used in the integrated pest management program of corn fields.
Wave dispersion in pulsar plasma. Part 1. Plasma rest frame
Authors: Rafat M. Z. , Melrose D. B. , Mastrano A. 
Published: June 2019

Wave dispersion in a pulsar plasma (a one-dimensional, strongly magnetized, pair plasma streaming highly relativistically with a large spread in Lorentz factors in its rest frame) is discussed, motivated by interest in beam-driven wave turbulence and the pulsar radio emission mechanism. In the rest frame of the pulsar plasma there are three wave modes in the low-frequency, non-gyrotropic approximation. For parallel propagation (wave angle$\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}=0$) these are referred to as the X, A and L modes, with the X and A modes having dispersion relation$|z|=z_{\text{A}}\approx 1-1/2\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}_{\text{A}}^{2}$, where$z=\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}/k_{\Vert }c$is the phase speed and$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}_{\text{A}}c$is the Alfvén speed. The L mode dispersion relation is determined by a relativistic plasma dispersion function,$z^{2}W(z)$, which is negative for$|z|<z_{0}$and has a sharp maximum at$|z|=z_{\text{m}}$, with$1-z_{\text{m}}<1-z_{0}\ll 1$. We give numerical estimates for the maximum of$z^{2}W(z)$and for$z_{\text{m}}$and$z_{0}$for a one-dimensional Jüttner distribution. The L and A modes reconnect, for$z_{\text{A}}>z_{0}$, to form the O and Alfvén modes for oblique propagation ($\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}\neq 0$). For$z_{\text{A}}<z_{0}$the Alfvén and O mode curves reconnect forming a new mode that exists only for$\tan ^{2}\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}\gtrsim z_{0}^{2}-z_{\text{A}}^{2}$. The L mode is the nearest counterpart to Langmuir waves in a non-relativistic plasma, but we argue that there are no ‘Langmuir-like’ waves in a pulsar plasma, identifying three features of the L mode (dispersion relation, ratio of electric to total energy and group speed) that are not Langmuir like. A beam-driven instability requires a beam speed equal to the phase speed of the wave. This resonance condition can be satisfied for the O mode, but only for an implausibly energetic beam and only for a tiny range of angles for the O mode around$\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}\approx 0$. The resonance is also possible for the Alfvén mode but only near a turnover frequency that has no counterpart for Alfvén waves in a non-relativistic plasma.
The Nadwat al-‘Ulama's Romance with Iqbal: Narrative construction and historiography
Authors: SAIF MASHAL 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis article examines the Indian poet-philosopher Muhammad Iqbal's appropriation by three Nadwat al-‘Ulama scholars: Sayyid Sulayman Nadwi (d. 1953), Abu'l-Hasan ‘Ali Nadwi (d. 1999), and ‘Abd al-Salam Nadwi (d. 1956). It argues that the particular depictions of Iqbal by the Nadwa ‘ulama can be mapped onto larger evolutions within the institute. The early Nadwa ‘alim Sulayman Nadwi imagines Iqbal as a Muslim leader par excellence. A more conservative understanding of Islam emerged with the later Nadwa ‘ulama. They emphasize traditional theological ideas, particular modes of piety, and ritualistic actions. The article suggests that the later Nadwa ‘ulama’s writings on Iqbal are reflective of this particular understanding of Islam and morality, although there are two distinct responses to the poet. The above examination of the Nadwa is placed within its broader historical context. In so doing, the article contends that the impact of the political milieu in India must be taken into account to understand shifts in the Nadwa and South Asian Islam more broadly. It also asserts that the political environment in South Asia influenced Iqbal's reception by the Nadwa ‘ulama as well as by Muslims in South Asia and beyond. Additionally, this article argues that all three works by the Nadwa ‘ulama are subjective portrayals informed by the social imaginaries of their authors. In fact, in a broader sense, all works of narrative historiography are subjective accounts. This realization problematizes the boundaries between the categories of historiography and hagiography, and this research calls for a rethinking of these tensions.
Combating ‘Filth’: The temple, the state, and urbanization in late nineteenth-century Puri
Authors: GHOSH UJAAN 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis article interrogates the urbanization of Puri at the time of the cholera epidemic in the latter half of the nineteenth century. In the wake of the epidemic the colonial state took serious steps to reorder the urban landscape of the pilgrim town in general and Puri in particular. However, in Puri the narrative of infrastructural development is slightly complicated by the presence of the temple of Jagannath which acted as an alternative public body. Thus, on every occasion the colonial state had to negotiate with the temple in order to facilitate urban governance in Puri. As a result, I argue, Puri's urban landscape could only develop through interaction and negotiation between the temple and the state.
Four-Direction Search Scheme of Path Planning for Mobile Agents
Authors: Li Kene , Yuan Chengzhi , Wang Jingjing , Dong Xiaonan 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThis paper presents a neural network-based four-direction search scheme of path planning for mobile agents, given a known environmental map with stationary obstacles. Firstly, the map collision energy is modeled for all the obstacles based on neural network. Secondly, for the shorted path-search purpose, the path energy is considered. Thirdly, to decrease the path-search time, a variable step-length is designed with respect to collision energy of the previous iteration path. Simulation results demonstrate that the variable step-length is effective and can decrease the iteration time substantially. Lastly, experimental results show that the mobile agent tracks the generated path well. Both the simulation and experiment results substantiate the feasibility and realizability of the presented scheme.
Influence of socio-economic status on Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infection incidence, risk factors and clinical features
Authors: Adams N. L. , Byrne L. , Rose T. C. , Adak G. K. , Jenkins C. , Charlett A. , Violato M. , O'Brien S.J. , Whitehead M. M. , Barr B. , Taylor-Robinson D. C. , Hawker J. I. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infection can cause serious illness including haemolytic uraemic syndrome. The role of socio-economic status (SES) in differential clinical presentation and exposure to potential risk factors amongst STEC cases has not previously been reported in England. We conducted an observational study using a dataset of all STEC cases identified in England, 2010–2015. Odds ratios for clinical characteristics of cases and foodborne, waterborne and environmental risk factors were estimated using logistic regression, stratified by SES, adjusting for baseline demographic factors. Incidence was higher in the highest SES group compared to the lowest (RR 1.54, 95% CI 1.19–2.00). Odds of Accident and Emergency attendance (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.10–1.75) and hospitalisation (OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.36–2.15) because of illness were higher in the most disadvantaged compared to the least, suggesting potential lower ascertainment of milder cases or delayed care-seeking behaviour in disadvantaged groups. Advantaged individuals were significantly more likely to report salad/fruit/vegetable/herb consumption (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.16–2.17), non-UK or UK travel (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.40–2.27; OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.35–2.56) and environmental exposures (walking in a paddock, OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.22–2.70; soil contact, OR 1.52, 95% CI 2.13–1.09) suggesting other unmeasured risks, such as person-to-person transmission, could be more important in the most disadvantaged group.
Molecular detection and characterisation of sapoviruses and noroviruses in outpatient children with diarrhoea in Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Gelaw A. , Pietsch C. , Mann P. , Liebert U.G. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Childhood morbidity and mortality of diarrhoeal diseases are high, particularly in low-income countries and noroviruses and sapoviruses are among the most frequent causes worldwide. Their epidemiology and diversity remain not well studied in many African countries. To assess the positivity rate and the diversity of sapoviruses and noroviruses in Northwest Ethiopia, during November 2015 and April 2016, a total of 450 faecal samples were collected from outpatient children aged <5 years who presented with diarrhoea. Samples were screened for noroviruses and sapoviruses by real-time RT-PCR. Partial VP1 genes were sequenced, genotyped and phylogenetically analysed. Norovirus and sapovirus stool positivity rate was 13.3% and 10.0%, respectively. Noroviruses included GII.4 (35%), GII.6 (20%), GII.17 (13.3%), GII.10 (10%), GII.2 (6.7%), GII.16 (5%), GII.7 (3.3%), GII.9, GII.13, GII.20 and GI.3 (1.7% each) strains. For sapoviruses, GI.1, GII.1 (20.0% each), GII.6 (13.3%), GI.2 (8.9%), GII.2 (11.1%), GV.1 (8.9%), GIV.1 (6.7%), GI.3 and GII.4 (2.2% each) genotypes were detected. This study demonstrates a high genetic diversity of noroviruses and sapoviruses in Northwest Ethiopia. The positivity rate in stool samples from young children with diarrhoea was high for both caliciviruses. Continued monitoring is recommended to identify trends in genetic diversity and seasonal variations.
NONREPRESENTABLE RELATION ALGEBRAS FROM GROUPS
Authors: ANDRÉKA HAJNAL , NÉMETI ISTVÁN , GIVANT STEVEN 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA series of nonrepresentable relation algebras is constructed from groups. We use them to prove that there are continuum many subvarieties between the variety of representable relation algebras and the variety of coset relation algebras. We present our main construction in terms of polygroupoids.