bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes and Return to Sport After Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction in Adolescent Baseball Players
Authors: Saper Michael , Shung Joseph , Pearce Stephanie , Bompadre Viviana , Andrews James R. 
Published: April 2018

Background: The number of ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) reconstructions in adolescent athletes has increased over the past 2 decades. Clinical results in this population have not been well studied. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes and return to sport after UCL reconstruction in a large group of adolescent baseball players. We hypothesized that excellent clinical outcomes and high rates of return to sport would be observed in this population at a minimum 2-year follow-up. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: We reviewed 140 adolescent (aged ≤19 years) baseball players who underwent UCL reconstruction with the American Sports Medicine Institute (ASMI) technique by a single surgeon. Medical records were reviewed for patient demographics, injury characteristics, operative details, and surgical complications. Patient-reported outcomes were assessed using the Conway scale, the Andrews-Timmerman (A-T) score, the Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic (KJOC) score, and a 0- to 100-point subjective scale for elbow function and satisfaction. Return to sporting activity was assessed using a custom-designed questionnaire. Results: The mean age at the time of surgery was 18.0 years (range, 13-19 years), and the mean follow-up was 57.9 months (range, 32.4-115.4 months). Over half (60%) of patients were high school athletes. The mean duration of symptoms before surgery was 6.9 months (range, 0.5-60.0 months). Partial tears were identified in 57.9% of patients, and 41.3% of patients had preoperative ulnar nerve symptoms. Graft type included the ipsilateral palmaris in 77.1% of patients. Concomitant procedures were performed in 25% of patients. Outcomes on the Conway scale were “excellent” in 86.4% of patients. The mean A-T and KJOC scores were 97.3 ± 6.1 and 85.2 ± 14.6, respectively. Mean patient satisfaction was 94.4. Overall, 97.8% of patients reported returning to sport at a mean of 11.6 months (range, 5-24 months), and 89.9% of patients returned to sport at the same level of competition or higher. A total of 11.6% of patients went on to play professional baseball. Conclusion: UCL reconstruction with the ASMI technique is an effective surgical option in adolescents, with excellent outcome scores. At a minimum of 2-year follow-up, nearly 90% of patients returned to their preinjury level of sport.
Conservative Treatment for Plantar Fasciitis
Authors: Lobo Carlos Jasmin Alfredo 
Published: April 2018

Category: Hindfoot Introduction/Purpose: The objective of this study was to compare the results obtained in the treatment of plantar fasciitis, by: group I, muscle stretching (plantar and gastrocnemius); Group II, use of the dorsiflexion night splints; and group III, permanent elevation use of shoe heel, 2 cm or more, in relation to forefoot. Methods: One hundred and fifty patients participated in the prospective and randomized study. After randomizing the method, the patients received treatment orientation. Prescription: 150 mg diclofenac sodium, single daily dose, for 7 days. Group II, they underwent daily physiotherapy with plantar stretching and electrotherapy, associated to the use of the night splints. The evaluations were at 30 and 60 days. In the first evaluation, eight patients underwent local infiltration of betamethasone dipropionate, betamethasone disodium phosphate: five from Group I and three from Group II. All patients were evaluated on the AOFAS score of the hindfoot. Results: First evaluation: group I, 52% showed little improvement (AOFAS: initial 53.5, 30 days 56.6); Group II, 38% were dissatisfied and uncomfortable with the night splints (AOFAS: initial 55.6, 30 days 63.3). In group III, 22% of the patients reported pain arising in the morning and after periods of sitting (AOFAS: initial 57.7, 30 days 81.6). Second evaluation: Group I, AOFAS 56.9; Group II AOFAS 72.2; group III AOFAS 88.6. Conclusion: heel elevation presented a satisfactory result, superior to the other methods used; difficulty for patient’s adhesion because it eliminates usage of shoes with no heels; AOFAS / scale close to all patients treated.
Total Ankle Arthroplasty
Authors: Hendy Benjamin , Raikin Steven , Pedowitz David , Shakked Rachel , Rogero Ryan , McDonald Elizabeth 
Published: April 2018

Category: Ankle, Ankle Arthritis Introduction/Purpose: Reports of ankle range of motion and how it affects patient outcomes following total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) have been mixed. Furthermore, recent studies have relied on clinical exam to obtain postoperative range of motion and have lacked preoperative functional scores. The purpose of our study was to analyze how preoperative range of motion and functional scores change with time following TAA using postoperative functional scores and radiographs for range of motion calculations. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on 107 patients (109 ankles) that had undergone fixed-bearing implant TAA by a single surgeon between 2010 and 2015. Preoperative range of motion was gathered clinically in office by the senior author. Postoperative range of motion through the ankle joint was evaluated with dedicated weight-bearing maximum dorsiflexion and plantarflexion lateral radiographs at 3 and 6 months, 1 and 2 years. The range of motion was measured using the angle measurement tool on the picture archiving and communication system. Patients completed visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain and the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) questionnaire subcategorized into activities of daily (ADL) and sports subscale preoperatively and at postoperative intervals of 3 and 6 months, 1 and 2 years. The mean age was 65 years (range, 31-83 years). Mean BMI was 28.1 (range, 14.9-44.9). There were 53 males (50%). Results: The mean total arc of ankle motion preoperatively was 20.7 degrees and improved significantly to 28.3, 34.3, 33.3, and 33.3 degrees at 3 and 6 months, 1 and 2 years, respectively (P<0.001) (Figure 1). Mean VAS pain and mean FAAM ADL preoperative scores improved significantly at each postoperative time point as seen in Figure 1 (P<0.001). Increased ankle range of motion was correlated with lower VAS preoperatively (r=-0.38, P=0.007), and at 1 year (r=-0.36, P<0.001), and 2 years (r=-0.2, P=0.033) postoperatively. Increased ankle range of motion was significantly correlated with higher FAAM-ADL at 3 months (r=0.48, P=0.012), 1 year (r=0.24, P<0.034), and 2 years (r=0.37, P<0.001) postoperatively. Conclusion: Patients undergoing fixed-bearing TAA had continued and sustained improvement from preoperative total arc of motion, pain, and function at each postoperative visit, up to 2 years. Ankle range of motion was noted to peak at 6 months, while pain and FAAM-ADL continued to improve up to 2 years postoperatively. Patients with greater ankle range of motion correlated with less pain and improved function at 1 and 2 years postoperatively. Though pain and function may continue to improve even as far out as 2 years postoperatively, it is not likely that range of motion will continue to increase.
An in vitro comparison of standard cleaning to a continuous passive disinfection cap for the decontamination of needle-free connectors
Authors: Casey Anna L. , Karpanen Tarja J. , Nightingale Peter , Elliott Tom S. J. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Background
The optimal decontamination method for needle-free connectors is still unresolved. The objective of this study was to determine if a continuous passive disinfection cap is as effective as standard cleaning for the microbial decontamination of injection ports of two types of needle-free connectors.

Methods
The injection ports of needle-free connectors were inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus and allowed to dry. Disinfection caps containing 70% (v/v) isopropyl alcohol (IPA) were attached to the connectors for one, three or 7 days and were compared with needle-free connectors cleaned with 2% (w/v) chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) in 70% (v/v) IPA. The number of S. aureus remaining on the injection ports was evaluated. Median log10 reductions and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated and data analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test.

Results
The application of the disinfection cap resulted in a significantly higher reduction in S. aureus than the 2% (w/v) CHG in 70% (v/v) IPA wipe, achieving a > 5 Log10 reduction in CFU at each time point.

Conclusions
The disinfection caps resulted in a significantly higher reduction in S.aureus on the injection ports when compared to the use of a 2% (w/v) CHG in 70% (v/v) IPA wipe. This offers an explanation for the lower rates of central-line associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) associated with the use of disinfection caps reported in clinical studies.
Does it matter if immigrants work in jobs related to their education?
Authors: Dean Jason 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA common finding throughout the Canadian immigration literature is that, despite having high levels of education, recent immigrants endure substantial earnings disadvantages upon arrival that persist throughout their working career. This paper investigates the role of “qualitative” education-job matches in explaining these poor labor market outcomes. Using a self-reported match measure, available in the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID), the incidence and wage penalties associated with being mismatched are found to be higher among immigrants relative to Canadian-born workers. As a consequence, mismatches on the part of immigrants are a mechanism behind the immigrant wage disadvantages reported throughout the literature. Successful matching is also found to significantly improve the return to pre-migration education and work experience.
Modeling consumers’ intention to use fashion and beauty subscription-based online services (SOS)
Authors: Ramkumar Bharath , Woo Hongjoo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis study examined one of the new consumption styles of modern consumers, subscription-based online services (SOS), which is often called as box retailing. The purpose of this study was to empirically test six antecedents—utilitarian motivations, hedonic motivations, fashion consciousness, consumer innovativeness, desire for unique products, and online transaction self-efficacy—as predictors of consumers’ attitude toward and intention to use fashion/beauty SOS. The theory of reasoned action was used as a theoretical foundation. With responses from 385 American consumers on an online survey, the theoretical model was tested in the fashion/beauty SOS context using structural equation modeling on LISREL. Results indicated that utilitarian and hedonic motivations, fashion consciousness, and online transaction self-efficacy indirectly influence intention to use fashion/beauty SOS, mediated by attitude towards fashion/beauty SOS. Instead of being mediated by attitude towards fashion/beauty SOS, consumer innovativeness and desire for unique products directly influence intention to use fashion/beauty SOS. Subjective norm positively influences intention to use fashion/beauty SOS. By identifying the factors that can predict consumers’ attitude towards and intention to use this new type of fashion/beauty consumption, this study addresses an evolving trend in home-based shopping behavior. Theoretically, as one of the earliest studies in this phenomenon, this study lays the theoretical groundwork paving way for further exploration in this area. Managers of fashion and beauty SOSs also can utilize these findings to more accurately target the appropriate consumer segment and streamline their marketing messages in accordance.
The phospholipase A2 pathway controls a synaptic cholesterol ester cycle and synapse damage
Authors: Osborne Craig , West Ewan , Bate Clive 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
The cellular prion protein (PrPC) acts as a scaffold protein that organises signalling complexes. In synaptosomes, the aggregation of PrPC by amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers attracts and activates cytoplasmic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), leading to synapse degeneration. The signalling platform is dependent on cholesterol released from cholesterol esters by cholesterol ester hydrolases (CEHs). The activation of cPLA2 requires cholesterol released from cholesterol esters by cholesterol ester hydrolases (CEHs), enzymes dependent upon platelet activating factor (PAF) released by activated cPLA2. This demonstrates a positive feedback system in which activated cPLA2 increased cholesterol concentrations, which in turn facilitated cPLA2 activation. PAF was also required for the incorporation of the tyrosine kinase Fyn and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 into Aβ–PrPC–cPLA2 complexes. As a failure to deactivate signalling complexes can lead to pathology, the mechanisms involved in their dispersal were studied. PAF facilitated the incorporation of acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT)-1 into Aβ–PrPC–cPLA2–COX-2–Fyn complexes. The esterification of cholesterol reduced cholesterol concentrations, causing dispersal of Aβ–PrPC–cPLA2–COX-2–Fyn complexes and the cessation of signalling. This study identifies PAF as a key mediator regulating the cholesterol ester cycle, activation of cPLA2 and COX-2 within synapses, and synapse damage.
Stylizacja na język potoczny w tłumaczeniu kanadyjskiej dramaturgii mniejszościowej na przykładzie polskiej wersji sztuki La Défaite Georges’a Bugneta
Authors: Czubińska Małgorzata 
Published: April 2018

Colloquial stylization in French‑Canadian minority theatre: The case of Georges Bugnet’s La Défaite and its translation into Polish
Recourse to „oralité” in written texts, which is specific to the Francophone communities in Canada, poses a challenge to a translator who needs to reinvent the idiolects in the target language. The aim of this paper is to present translation methods proposed and applied by the translator so as to reproduce in Polish the contrasts present in the original discourse. As stylization is the main strategy used by the Polish translator of Georges Bugnet’s La Défaite, different types of stylization, its methods, purposes as well as the risks of the particular choice of stylization, especially in a context of drama translation, are to be determined and described.
Analiza kognitywna zmian stylistycznych w przekładzie Perły Johna Steinbecka
Authors: Gonigroszek Dorota 
Published: April 2018

Stylistic changes in the translation of The Pearl by John Steinbeck – a cognitive account
The aim of the present article is to analyse the translation of The Pearl written by John Steinbeck. The translator of the novel Juliusz Kydryński made significant linguistic changes that distort the original message (sense) of this literary work. While translating the novel, he made the text stylistically similar to his own works, to some extent, ignoring the intentions of Steinbeck. The analysis is based on the theoretical tenets of cognitive linguistics.
To queer or not to queer? – teoria i praktyka tłumaczenia queerowego
Authors: Król Mateusz 
Published: April 2018

To queer or not to queer? – theoretical framework and practical models of queer translation
The purpose of this paper is to present a theoretical framework of a relatively new phenomenon in translation studies that is the queer translation. Furthermore described are practical models of the queer translation. The material used by theauthor in his analysis is Lubiewo written by Michał Witkowski and its French and English translations. The author shows the complex relations between gender studies, queer studies and translation studies which are visible in the queer translation.
Intuicja tłumacza w kontekście badań przekładoznawczych
Authors: Piotrowska Maria 
Published: April 2018

The translator’s intuition in Translation Studies research
In the era of a tremendous growth of a ‘non‑existing’ discipline of translation studies and a gradual de‑humanisation of translation in its pragmatic aspect via an extensive use of new technologies, exploring a scholarly controversial, and yet valid concept of “the translator’s intuition” is both risky and relevant. The aim of the study is to address the paradox and analyse the concept of intuition against a few selected TS research models, explicate the latter, and in particular, focus on the well‑known competence models. An overview of their development demonstrates how intuition is an element of creation during the translation process. Going beyond reasonable cognition, it is empirically observable and in such a perspective it provides an interesting insight into the translation process and translator competence.
Ołowiane żołnierzyki czy Cynkowi chłopcy?
Authors: Szczęsny Anna 
Published: April 2018

Lead soldiers [Ołowiane żołnierzyki] or Boys in zinc [Cynkowi chłopcy]? Translator’s notes as a criterion in translation series analysis
The paper is a comparative analysis of two elements of a translation series – Polish translations of S. Alexievich’s Цинковые мальчики. The most important criterion that helps determine the translation dominant and fix the character of both translation projects turns out to be the paratexts, particularly the translator’s footnotes, their number and nature. What is more, the author focuses on the way the phatic and emotive functions are fulfilled through punctuation in the original and the translations.
Garlic (Allium sativum) increases SIRT1 and SIRT2 gene expressions in the kidney and liver tissues of STZ- and STZ+niacinamide-induced diabetic rats
Authors: Arab Sadeghabadi Zahra , Ziamajidi Nasrin , Abbasalipourkabir Roghayeh , Mohseni Roohollah 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Background
Diabetic nephropathy and liver damage are important complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). Various factors, such as sirtuins (silent information regulators or SIRTs) are associated with these complications. Sirtuins are a family of NAD+-dependent proteins, and seven types of these can be found in mammalians. In this study, we evaluated the effects of aqueous garlic extract (G) on the expressions of SIRT1 and SIRT2 genes in the kidney and liver tissues of rats with types 1 and 2 diabetes.

Methods
A total of 36 male Wistar rats (230–280 g) were randomly divided into six groups: C: normal control rats, D1M: type 1 diabetic rats (induced with streptozotocin, STZ), D1M+G: type 1 diabetic rats that treated with garlic extract, D2M: type 2 diabetic rats (induced with STZ and niacinamide), D2M+G: type 2 diabetic rats treated with garlic extract, and G: normal rats that received garlic extract. At the end of the treatment time, kidney and liver tissue samples were collected from all rats. The SIRT1 and SIRT2 gene expressions were determined by qRT-PCR.

Results
The SIRT1 and SIRT2 gene expressions in the liver and kidney tissues of diabetic rats decreased significantly compared with those in the control rats (p<0.05). After treatment with garlic extract, the gene expressions also increased significantly compared with those in the diabetic rats and are close to normal level (p<0.05).

Conclusions
Garlic extract increased the SIRT1 and SIRT2 gene expressions in the livers and kidneys of diabetic rats. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of garlic have been proven in many studies. Thus, it is possible that garlic – with its effects on this pathway of gene expression – can have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, thus decreasing diabetic complications.
Strategies and Structure of the Family Economic Group Casa Ley
Authors: Sánchez Beatriz Pérez , Loera Marcela Rebeca Contreras 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Objective: Analyze of the characteristics and competitive strategies, dimension and structure that allowed Casa Ley to become a family economic group

Methodology: The methods used: critical historical, analytical and descriptive. The following approaches were used: 1) regional, 2) historical and 3) corporate strategies and organizations. The regional approach considers that regional origin is an important factor in the economic and political practices of Mexican entrepreneurs. The second gives more weight to the historical origin and the conditions of emergence to establish the final configuration, the prevailing economic and political practices and the patterns of development of the groups. The third approach addresses the changing organizational structure of large modern corporations and their tendency to adopt more complex management structures and corporate morphologies

Findings: The main result is the marketing strategies implemented by Casa Ley, such as: introduction of services that add value to the company, creation and diversification of formats, brand creation, centralization of distribution systems and consumption incentives, consolidate the oligopoly structure of the trade sector. The comparative method is established to consider those situations in which the common characteristics of companies are combined in historical circumstances that precede the formation of large companies or groups in Mexico.

Value Added: It identifies the commercial strategies that have allowed the Mexican company of the retail sector in Mexico to become a consolidated family economic group.

Recommendations: The Casa Ley family economic group has been consolidated using successful commercial strategies, limiting its development by not using financial resources that are available in the stock market. Considering the above, it is advisable to use this source of financing available for the business sector.
Piercing and tattoos in adolescents: legal and medico-legal implications
Authors: Conti Adelaide , Bin Paola , Casella Claudia , Capasso Emanuele , Fedeli Piergiorgio , Salzano Francesco Antonio , Terracciano Lucia , Piras Mauro 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Non-therapeutic body modification interventions are permitted within the limits of the use of one’s own body that can be specified in the legal system. The authors take into consideration Italian regulation on tattooing and piercing, in particular in relation to adolescents.

Results
In Italy, several regions have therefore issued acts aimed at regulating the activities of tattoo and piercing also in reference to minors. Discussion. With regard to minors, the rules taken into account set precise limits in relation to the age criterion and subordinate the implementation of such practices to the provision of consent by legal representatives.

Conclusion
If such practices are of an aesthetic nature, we cannot avoid considering the implications they have on health protection, and then adopt appropriate measures to protect the person who intends to undergo them, particularly in the case of minors.
The central importance of information in cosmetic surgery and treatments
Authors: Lorenzo Pierpaolo Di , Casella Claudia , Capasso Emanuele , Conti Adelaide , Fedeli Piergiorgio , Policino Fabio , Niola Massimo 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The increase in the number of people who choose to have medical procedures done to improve their appearance may be due to changed social and cultural factors in modern society, as well to the ease of access and affordable costs of these cosmetic treatments.
Today, two elements legitimate recourse to this type of treatment: the broad definition of health accepted by the law and the scientific community, and the provision of meticulous information to the entitled party previous to obtaining his or her consent. In Italy, while current case-law views treatments exclusively for cosmetic purposes as unnecessary, if not even superfluous, it nonetheless demands that providers inform clients about the actual improvement that can be expected, as well as the risks of worsening their current esthetic conditions.