bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rheo‐NMR in food science—Recent opportunities
Authors: Galvosas Petrik , Brox Timothy I. , Kuczera Stefan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFor over 25 years, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques have been used to study materials under mechanical deformation. Collectively, these methods are referred to as Rheo‐NMR. In many cases, it provides spatially and temporally resolved maps of NMR spectra, intrinsic NMR parameters (such as relaxation times), or motion (such as diffusion or flow). Therefore, Rheo‐NMR is complementary to conventional rheological measurements. This review will briefly summarize current capabilities and limitations of Rheo‐NMR in the context of material science and food science in particular. It will report on recent advances such as the incorporation of torque sensors or the implementation of large amplitude oscillatory shear and point out future opportunities for Rheo‐NMR in food science.
Synthesis and mechanical properties of para‐aramid nanofibers
Authors: Trexler Morgana M. , Hoffman Christopher , Smith Douglas A. , Montalbano Timothy J. , Yeager Matthew P. , Trigg Douglas , Nimer Salahudin , Calderón‐Colón Xiomara , Peitsch Christopher , Xia Zhiyong 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTScalable, bottom‐up chemical synthesis and electrospinning of novel Cl‐substituted poly(para‐phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) nanofibers are herein reported. To achieve Cl‐PPTA nanofibers, the chemical reaction between the monomers was precisely controlled, and dissolution of the polymer into solvent was tailored to enable anisotropic solution formation and sufficient entanglement molecular weight. Electrospinning processing parameters were studied to understand their effects on fiber formation and mat morphology and then optimized to yield consistently high quality fibers. Importantly, the control of relative humidity during the fiber formation process was found to be critical, likely because water promotes hydrogen bond formation between the PPTA chains. The fiber and mat morphologies resulting from different combinations of chemistry and spinning conditions were observed using scanning electron microscopy, and observations were used as inputs to the optimization process. Tensile properties of single Cl‐PPTA nanofibers were characterized for the first time using a nanomanipulator mounted inside a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and fiber moduli measuring up to 70 GPa, and strengths exceeding 1 GPa were achieved. Given the excellent mechanical properties measured for the nanofibers, this chemical synthesis procedure and electrospinning protocol appear to be a promising route for producing a new class of nanofibers with ultrahigh strength and stiffness. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 563–573
Polymer chain diffusion in polymer blends: A theoretical interpretation based on a memory function formalism
Authors: Colmenero Juan 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTThe diffusion of polymer chains in miscible polymer blends with large dynamic asymmetry—those where the two blend components display very different segmental mobility—is not well understood yet. In the extreme case of the blend system of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA), the diffusion coefficient of PEO chains in the blend can change by more than five orders of magnitude while the segmental time scale hardly changes with respect to that of pure PEO. This behavior is not observed in blend systems with small or moderate dynamic asymmetry as, for instance, polyisoprene/poly(vinyl ethylene) blends. These two very different behaviors can be understood and quantitatively explained in a unified way in the framework of a memory function formalism, which takes into account the effect of the collective dynamics on the chain dynamics of a tagged chain. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 1239–1245
Cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes before lung transplantation is associated with lower survival but does not affect long‐term renal function
Authors: Mainbourg Sabine , Philit François , Touzet Sandrine , Nove‐Josserand Raphaele , Durupt Stéphane , Sénéchal Agathe , Occelli Pauline , Poupon‐Bourdy Stéphanie , Maury Jean‐Michel , Tronc François , Mornex Jean‐François , Durieu Isabelle , Reynaud Quitterie 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the prevalence of cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes (CFRD) before and after lung transplantation (LT); to analyse the survival and renal function after LT according to the CFRD status before LT.MethodsSixty cystic fibrosis (CF) patients transplanted at the Lyon University Hospital between 2004 and 2014 were included. Genotype, pancreatic status, age at LT, survival were recorded. Glucose tolerance status, daily insulin dose requirement, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and daily glucocorticoid (GC) dose were recorded before LT and until December 2016.ResultsThe median follow‐up was 5.6 (3.8‐8.2) years, and nine patients died. Survival was poorest for patients with CFRD before LT compared with those without CFRD (P = 0.03) but was not correlated with the GFR before LT, with sex, age at LT, or CF genotype. The prevalence of CFRD was 68% at 2 years and 54% at 5 years. For persistent insulin‐treated CFRD, the insulin requirement decreased (−2.1 IU/d/y; P < 0.01) and was correlated with the daily GC dose (+0.4 IU/d for one additional milligram, P = 0.012). Seven (11%) patients who had insulin‐treated CFRD before LT became nondiabetic after LT, with a median time of 2 (1‐4) years. After LT, the GFR decreased (−5.3 ml/min/1.73 m
2/y; P < 0.001) and was not correlated with the CFRD status before LT.ConclusionsCFRD before LT is associated with poor survival after LT, which should lead to better management of diabetes. Some patients with pre‐LT CFRD became nondiabetic after LT. CFRD is not associated with renal insufficiency after LT.
Quadrupole pre‐filter/mass filter transmission profiles: Experiment and simulation
Authors: Collings Bruce A. 
Published: March 2019

RationaleQuadrupole pre‐filter transmission profiles are shown to be affected by the presence of trapped ions within the pre‐filter of a quadrupole mass spectrometer. Trapped ions are the result of ions reflected at the pre‐filter/mass filter boundary and lead to space charge effects that can affect the shape of the pre‐filter transmission profile, ion beam stability, peak width and peak intensity. The development of high sensitivity mass spectrometers with bright ion beams leads to greater numbers of trapped ions.MethodsExperimental pre‐filter transmission profiles have been measured with and without an empty step to clear the pre‐filter region of trapped ions showing the extent that space charge has on ion transmission through the pre‐filter. Ion trajectory simulations, using a restricted set of initial conditions, have been used to help understand the structure of the pre‐filter transmission profile.ResultsExperiments show that the effects of trapped ions within the pre‐filter can be easily seen in the shape of the pre‐filter transmission profile, ion beam stability and peak shape. The pre‐filter transmission profile shows structure which is related to the secular frequency of the ion of interest which is related to the Mathieu parameter q of the pre‐filter. Simulations show that the nodes observed in the experimental transmission profile are spaced by half the secular period of the ion.ConclusionsThe structure of the pre‐filter transmission profile can be observed experimentally when steps are taken to remove trapped ions from within the pre‐filter. A better understanding of the factors contributing to the shape of the pre‐filter transmission profile from simulations has been demonstrated.
Benchmarking parameters for remote electrochemical corrosion detection and monitoring of offshore wind turbine structures
Authors: Ahuir‐Torres Juan Ignacio , Bausch Nils , Farrar Andrew , Webb Stephen , Simandjuntak Sarinova , Nash Adrian , Thomas Bob , Muna Joseph , Jonsson Carl , Mathew Diana 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe remote location and position of offshore wind turbine structures severely limits the application of in situ corrosion detection methods such as ultrasonic, acoustic emission, and X‐ray. A real‐time remote sensing (RTRS) technology can be implemented to provide autonomous detection and monitoring, providing exhaustive and detailed information on the corrosion process. Utilizing the concept of Internet of Things (IoT) through the integration with satellite and terrestrial communication network, iWindCr, a technology development project funded by the Innovate UK, aims to design a wireless sensor network (WSN) of smart miniaturized sensors for corrosion detection and monitoring of the offshore wind turbine structures. This paper discusses the rationale and challenges around the iWindCr WSN design, particularly in the development of a miniaturized system and in relation to the provision of power and power consumption. The later has led to the selection and the integration of the electrochemical analysis techniques, namely open circuit potential (OCP) and zero resistance ammeter (ZRA) on the sensor interface system. The verification of these techniques for the corrosion detection sensor has resulted in a database consisting of the corrosion parameter outputs or threshold values of metals specific to offshore wind turbine structures, in this case tower, foundation, and nacelle (gearbox). The database provides end‐users with the benchmark that can be used to detect physical changes during the course of corrosion or passive film damage. These parameters are incorporated in the user interface data analytic software, enabling the quantification of corrosion or film damage.
Revisiting Two Damaging Indian Earthquakes of 1885: Kashmir and Bengal
Authors: Dasgupta Sujit , Mukhopadhyay Basab 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The Kashmir earthquake (Mw 6.3) of 30 May 1885 and the Bengal earthquake (Mw 6.9) of 14 July 1885 were revisited incorporating data and information collated from newspaper archives, district gazetteers, Geological Survey of India records and other published documents. Isoseismal maps following MSK-64 scale are presented for both the earthquakes with isoseist VIII to V reassigned and reconstructed. The Kashmir valley at the frontal Himalaya is seismically active where the 1885 earthquake locates between two large earthquakes of 2005 and 1555. The Bengal earthquake on the other hand originates close to the eastern India continental margin below the Bengal basin; the N-S trending Dhubri fault defining the eastern limit of the Garo-Rajmahal gap is arguably the causative fault. The 1930 Dhubri earthquake and another earthquake of 1935, are closely associated with the Dhubri fault. Epicentral tracts of both the earthquakes are densely populated and calls for mitigative preparedness.
Thermodynamic Modelling and Experimental Validation of CO2 Mineral Sequestration in Mandla Basalt of the Eastern Deccan Volcanic Province, India
Authors: Kumar Amit , Shrivastava J. P. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Deccan basalt contains primary silicates rich in Ca, Mg, and Fe ions, suitable for CO2 sequestration. Previous, basalt-water-CO2 interaction studies were focused on other than Deccan basalt types. However, such studies on the Deccan basalt are rare. Thus, present basalt-CO2 water saturated interaction modelling under hydrothermal-like conditions was carried out on the Deccan basalt of the Mandla area to understand apposite pCO2 and time parameters. Modelling results were further validated by experiments run in a laboratory time framework. Present results show negative entropy (ΔS) and enthalpy (ΔfH) that suggest feasibility of plagioclase, pyroxene and magnetite dissolution. Obtained negative Gibb’s free energy (ΔfG), ΔfH and ΔS values for calcite, dolomite and magnesite indicate spontaneous reaction, whereas, positive ΔfG and negative ΔfH and ΔS values of the siderite suggest non-spontaneous and opposing reactions. Calcite is the first carbonate mineral to form, but, at a faster rate. Magnetite dissolution begins after a time lag (not initiated along with the plagioclase and pyroxene).
X-ray Powder Diffraction results of post-experiment residues revealed formation of calcite, aragonite, ankerite, huntite, siderite, smectite, chlorite, smectite/chlorite mixed layers and chabazite. Scanning electron microscopic images show tiny calcite crystal growth over the larger calcite crystal and incipient-disordered calcite with imperfections on crystal faces.
Thus, basalt carbonation is mainly controlled by time, but temperature, pCO2 and pH played sub-ordinate role. Largely, thermodynamic models do not agree well with the experimental results as numerical models indicate larger carbonate growth. Additionally, transition state theory based models work well to predict dissolution rates for most of the minerals, but, they overpredict growth of the secondary minerals.
Mineralogical Studies of Kerur Formation Badami Group, Kaladgi Basin, Karnataka
Authors: Ramachandran A. , Srinivasalu S. , Ramasamy S. , Bhuvaneswari S. , Gnanaval D. , Krishna K. V. G. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Heavy and clay mineral analysis is a significant tool to interpret the provenance and paleoclimate of sandstone in proterozoic intracratonic Kaladgi-Badami basin, southern India. The distributions of heavy minerals are more in lower conglomerate; at the depth of 162.35m, zircon is 9.01%, magnetite is 74.18% and ilmenite is 24.61%. The ZTR index is 97.02%. The lower part of the upper unit of core quartz arenite, at the depth of 70.55m shows the following distribution of heavy minerals; zircon 2.94%, magnetite 50.84% and ilmenite 35.71%. The ZTR index of the quartz arenite is 65.52%; moderately abundant heavy minerals are tourmaline, rutile, and garnet; less abundant mineral is zircon in the core. The clay deposits in the basal arenite unit starts from 187 to 171.45m. The X-ray diffraction patterns shows 75% of Illite at the depth of 187m and 181.4m, 40% of chlorite at the depth of 181.7m, 36.36% of monmorillonite and 25% of kaolinite at the depth of 183m but 36.36% at the depth of 177.1m. kaolinite peaks are identified only in two samples. The study reveals that intense weathering in humid climate was responsible for alteration of granitic source rocks in the formation of kaolinitic clays in an acidic environment. The ZTR index reflects that the Badami sediments have attained moderate to high mineralogical maturity. The inference made out of the assemblage of heavy minerals point out that the Badami sediments have been sourced mainly from granitic and metamorphic terrain with a broad drainage basin. In most sandstone and conglomerate, the average ZTR index is moderate but varies widely among samples; apparently local lithologic source area variations largely control these relatively unmodified heavy mineral assemblages.
Stability Evaluation of Old and Unapproachable Underground Mine Workings below Surface Structures
Authors: Kushwaha Angad , Tewari Subhashish , Mandal Prabhat Kumar , Bhattacharjee Rana , Das Arka Jyoti , Singh Krishna Kant Kumar 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
There are many places in the different countries of the world where working in the underground mines have been done below surface structures such as railway lines, roads, buildings, villages/residential colonies, pipelines, etc. The workings are generally old, abandoned and presently unapproachable. In some places, important delicate surface structures are installed above a portion of old abandoned underground workings. Safety of these important surface structures above old underground mine workings is a serious concern in many countries all over the world. Many times, it is difficult to move or divert these surface structures due to a number of reasons including technical problems, the involvement of huge expenditures and socio-economic issues. There is a need to assess the stability of these places and the procedure to stabilise the places if found unstable to make the structures safe. Hence, there is a need of proper stability assessment of the ground below these surface structures. The railway line is one of such important structures, where stability should be ensured for the safety of the passengers. In India, many underground workings are present below railway lines. Most of the workings are old and unapproachable and their stability status is in doubt. Dismantling or diverting of the important railway lines is a high-level policy matter and involves huge time and money besides complicated socio-political issues like the rehabilitation of the affected people. But the safety of the commuters using railways passing over the coal-bearing areas having mining activities cannot be compromised. Therefore, it is highly preferable to take protective measures instead of dismantling and diversion of lines, wherever possible. It is necessary to establish the position and dimension of the inaccessible underground workings below these types of important surface structures and carry out its stability analysis to take appropriate protective measures for the safety of the structures and commuters. This paper highlights the delineation procedure of the unapproachable underground roadways below surface structures with special reference to railway lines and its stability evaluation with case studies. Appropriate protective measures have also been suggested which are proved to be effective and validated the results of the study.
A survey of web resources and tools for the study of TCM network pharmacology
Authors: Zhao Jing , Yang Jian , Tian Saisai , Zhang Weidong 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundTraditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treats diseases in a holistic manner, while TCM formulae are multi‐component, multi‐target agents at the molecular level. Thus there are many parallels between the key ideas of TCM pharmacology and network pharmacology. These years, TCM network pharmacology has developed as an interdisciplinary of TCM science and network pharmacology, which studies the mechanism of TCM at the molecular level and in the context of biological networks. It provides a new research paradigm that can use modern biomedical science to interpret the mechanism of TCM, which is promising to accelerate the modernization and internationalization of TCM.ResultsIn this paper we introduce state‐of‐the‐art free data sources, web servers and softwares that can be used in the TCM network pharmacology, including databases of TCM, drug targets and diseases, web servers for the prediction of drug targets, and tools for network and functional analysis.ConclusionsThis review could help experimental pharmacologists make better use of the existing data and methods in their study of TCM.
Neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with dementia and the longitudinal costs of informal care in the Cache County population
Authors: Rattinger Gail B. , Sanders Chelsea L. , Vernon Elizabeth , Schwartz Sarah , Behrens Stephanie , Lyketsos Constantine G. , Tschanz JoAnn T. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntroductionSeverity of dementia and neuropsychiatric symptoms contribute to increasing informal care costs. We examined which neuropsychiatric symptoms subdomains (NPS‐SD) were associated with informal costs in a population‐based sample.MethodsDementia progression and informal costs (2015 dollars) were estimated from the Cache County Dementia Progression Study. Overall NPS and specific NPS‐SD were assessed with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory. Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE with gamma‐distribution/log‐link) modeled the relationship between NPS‐SDs and informal cost trajectories.ResultsTwo hundred eighty participants (52.1% female; age M = 85.67, SD = 5.60) exhibited an adjusted cost increase of 5.6% (P = .005), 6.4% (P < .001), 7.6% (P = .030), and 13% (P = .024) for every increasing Neuropsychiatric Inventory unit in psychosis‐SD, affective‐SD, agitation/aggression‐SD, and apathy‐SD, respectively. An increase in each unit of apathy was associated with a 2% annual decrease in costs (P = .040).DiscussionWe extend our prior work on informal costs and dementia severity by identifying NPS‐SD associated with informal costs. Interventions targeting NPS‐SD may lower informal costs.
Accuracy of Estimated Creatinine in Multistage Ultramarathon Runners
Authors: Little Colin E. , Lipman Grant S. , Migliaccio Daniel , Young David S. , Krabak Brian J. 
Published: March 2019

Introduction Ultramarathon running is increasing in popularity worldwide, as is the growing body of research on these athletes. Multiple studies have examined acute kidney injury through estimated baseline creatinine (Cr) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Values are estimated through an age-based formula of GFR and the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) equation. However, the accuracy of this practice in a cohort of healthy athletes is unknown. Methods A prospective analysis of the first 40-km (25-mi) stage of 6-stage 250-km (155-mi) multistage ultramarathons in the Sahara, Namibia, Atacama, and Gobi Deserts. Runners had prerace measured baseline Cr compared to estimated values through age-based estimated GFR and back calculation of Cr through the MDRD equation. Results Forty-eight participants (27% female, age 39±10 y) had Cr values analyzed. The mean measured Cr was 0.99±0.17, which was 11% higher than an estimated Cr of 0.88±0.14 ( P<0.01). Estimated age-based GFR was 95.9±5.8 mL⋅min−1 compared to GFR based on measured Cr and MDRD of 86.1±14.6 ( P<0.001). Conclusions Estimated values of GFR and Cr by standard age-based values and MDRD equation were significantly inaccurate, which would overinflate the incidence of acute kidney injury. Future studies should devise a new model for estimation of baseline Cr that is validated in this population.
Reexamination of the Serendipity Theorem from the stability viewpoint
Authors: Momota Akira , Sakagami Tomoya , Shibata Akihisa 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis paper reexamines the Serendipity Theorem of Samuelson (1975) from the stability viewpoint, and shows that, for the Cobb–Douglas preference and CES technology, the most-golden golden-rule lifetime state being stable depends on parameter values. In some situations, the Serendipity Theorem fails to hold despite the fact that steady-state welfare is maximized at the population growth rate, since the steady state is unstable. Through numerical simulations, a more general case of CES preference and CES technology is also examined, and we discuss the realistic relevance of our results. We present the policy implication of our result, that is, in some cases, the steady state with the highest utility is unstable, and thus a policy that aims to achieve the social optima by manipulating the population growth rate may lead to worse outcomes.