bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fixed sunshade device for overhead glazing
Authors: Kleineher Daniel 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTGist of the lecture is a fixed solar protection system for overhead glazing consisting of intersecting lamellae that form a grid structure. The structure is optimized to the geographical location and the installation situation. The maintenance‐free system provides efficient sun protection combined with glare‐free daylighting and free view outwards. After a short introduction to the problem and a small insight into the history, the efficient operation of the sun protection grid is explained. The various applications in the macro, midi, micro and nano‐range are shown. The micro region is most extensively explored at this time. This involves the use of optimized grid structure in the pane interspace (SZR) of insulating glass. The form‐finding and the necessary parameters are explained. A selection of different grid structures is researched. Experimental measurements on prototypes include radiation‐physical characteristics as well as the g‐value measurements in a calorimeter. The results of these studies will be analyzed and transferred to simplified calculation methods. The analysis provides a broad image of the operation of the different geometries and the potential of this sun protection system. The work shows that the fixed sunscreen grid system represents a sustainable solution in the field of glass roofs. The presented system is trademark protected in Germany and patent pending. The author seeks to develop the solar shading system further to market.
Open BIM – Driving force for a new culture and new possibilities in façade business
Authors: Bühlmeier Timo 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTA digital and integrated design process has been applied over the last decades to build façades with complex geometry. Nevertheless, Open Building Information Modeling (Open BIM), considered as fully integrated digital collaboration in a common data environment (CDE) of all major project stakeholders, was not common practice in the past. Process approaches were mostly “island solutions”, closed, internal, not allowing open data exchange. Latest project requirements and specifications, however, usually require Open BIM environments which are accessible by all project trades and are partly mandatory by state. Those developments are a driving force for a new digital planning process in the building industry. Consequently, the way forward needs to embrace Open BIM. Drivers for implementing an Open BIM solution will be explained; furthermore arising opportunities of the new digital planning processes are shown. Necessary changes within the company's product realization processes (design, management, etc.), the organisation itself, the responsibilities and the affected tools will be highlighted and finally a conclusion is drawn.
Flaws and cracks stability in strengthened glass by residual stress
Authors: Macrelli Guglielmo 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTStrengthened glass is widely used in structural glazing applications in the building and transportation sectors. Surface flaws and cracks are the main glass strength limiting factors. In this theoretical study both thermally (TSG) and chemically (CSG) strengthened glass are considered. A general approach is proposed, based on the calculation of the stress intensity factor (KI) resulting from the superposition of externally applied stresses, both mechanical and thermal, and residual stress introduced in the strengthening processes. In order to represent a severe design condition, an externally applied stress with a maximum tensile component of 50 MPa is introduced. The analysis is performed for soda‐lime glass for immediate breakage condition by comparing the stress intensity factor with the critical factor (KIC) and for time delayed breakage activated by subcritical crack growth by comparing the stress intensity factor with the corresponding threshold value (KIth). The classical parabolic residual stress distribution is employed for thermally strengthened glass while a new approach is proposed for the evaluation of the residual stress profile of chemically strengthened glass. A crack growth stability analysis based on the concept of apparent fracture toughness is performed. The residual stress profiles analysed for thermally and chemically strengthened glass are the typical ones resulting from common technological processes. The crack growth stability for the analysed stress profiles do not match the criteria to be defined as flaws insensitive.
Crack nucleation in hyperelastic adhesive bonds
Authors: Rosendahl Philipp L. , Drass Michael , Schneider Jens , Becker Wilfried 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTAdhesively bonded glass‐to‐metal connections using structural silicone sealants are investigated in the present study of structural failure. Different failure modes are shown to be relevant depending on the geometry of the adhesive. Dilatational failure corresponding to abrupt growth of cavities in the bulk material may occur in heavily constraint applications where triaxial stress states are present. Distortional failure, i.e. failure owing to change in shape, can be observed when the adhesive can deform comparatively unconstrained. It typically originates from notches such as bi‐material points between adherend and adhesive. This work presents (i) a criterion for cavitation failure surfaces of materials with finite porosity such as Dow Corning® TSSA and (ii) an equivalent stretch concept capable of describing distortional bulk material failure surfaces of various rubber‐like materials. It is further shown that (iii) for notch‐induced crack nucleation a coupled stretch and energy criterion must be fulfilled simultaneously. The coupled criterion is capable of predicting size effects observed in tests of ETAG 002 shear specimen bonded using Dow Corning® 993.
Modelling of Adhesive Bonding
Authors: Koschecknick Kai 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTA realistic material model of adhesives is essential for a verification concept for structural adhesive bonds. With the increasing accuracy of the simulation results of a meaningful FE model, it is possible to avoid excessively high safety factors and bonded supporting structures can be measured economically. A comprehensive adhesive model, which was created taking into account experimentally determined material characteristics, makes an important contribution in bringing together research and industry in the development of an innovative joining process.
Glass Sculpture at Dr. George Robert Grasett Park
Authors: Thompson David , Van Bussel Brian , Yao Han , Engelmann Michael 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThe Grasett Park is a glass art sculpture commissioned by the Government of Ireland, to be built in the City of Toronto, to honor the sacrifices made by Dr. George Grasett and his Canadian colleagues to accommodate Irish famine refugees that arrived in Toronto in 1847. The sculpture introduces a series of glass panels positioned like a “house‐of‐cards”, with structural glass panels up to 7 m tall. They generally consist of pair(s) base panels that supports the upper panel(s), all stabilized by rod bracings connected with stainless steel point fixings. Due to the complex geometry and high level of concentrated load, the point fixings are custom designed to allow grout filling within oversized glass holes to minimize additional stress concentration introduced by uneven bearing. Since the localized effects and global effects of stress are not independent, the detailed point fixings are meticulously modelled within a global finite element model. The glass panel is designed based on CGSB 12.20‐M89 and adapts design principles for point fixings introduced in DIN 18008. Typical upper panels are found to be adequate at 3 layers of 10 mm thick fully‐tempered glass, while lower panels are 5 layers of 12 mm. The maximum stress is limited to approximately between 60–80 N/mm2.
Mistral Tower: Value of System Design, Manufacturing and Installation in Cold Bent SSG Units
Authors: Nardini Viviana , Hilcken Jonas 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTIn cold‐bent Structural Sealant Glazing (SSG) systems, back‐flipping retention forces and differential displacements imposed to SG joints play a major role in the system design and need to be properly controlled. During last years, investigation on simplified equations to calculate cold bending stress into SG joints and tests to evaluate creeping and relaxation behaviour of Sikasil® structural silicones has allowed to identify where opportunities for systems optimizations are and to clarify that effective cold‐bending solutions cannot be uncoupled from new principles of system design, pre‐manufacturing and installation. The development of Mistral Tower in Izmir offers the chance to evaluate in detail the impact of different design solutions in combination with different production and installation methods and is used to present valuable options for approaching design of cold‐bent units effectively. The use of slim adapter frame bonded to glass units and free to slide into load‐bearing frame represents the basic requirement to limit cold bending effects on SSG joints, while minimizing production efforts. Valuable optimization results can be further achieved if bonding on either pre‐shaped frame or pre‐shaped frame/glass assembly is possible or if cold‐bending stress can be limited in time by a clever production method in controlled conditions. Advanced FE analysis simulating SSG joints by hyperelastic law confirms the influence that cross sectional depth of bonded profile has on stress introduced into SG joints due to cold‐bending.
Behavior of load‐bearing glass at elevated temperature
Authors: Honfi Dániel , Lange David , Kozłowski Marcin , Sjöström Johan , Lenk Peter 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThe use of glass as a structural material has increased in the built environment over the last decades. Despite the large number of research projects and studies, it still poses difficulties in structural design. This particularly applies to the behaviour of glass in fire and under elevated temperatures since the available data on temperature dependent mechanical and thermal properties of glass is still limited. This contribution provides a brief overview of material properties of glass at elevated temperature and elaborates on current requirements for the fire safety included in standards.
Non‐Pairwise Interactions in Parahydrogen Experiments: Nuclear Exchange of Single Protons Enables Bulk Water Hyperpolarization
Authors: Emondts Meike , Schikowski Daniel , Klankermayer Jürgen , Schleker P. Philipp M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by Dr. Meike Emondts, Daniel Schikowski, and Prof. Dr. Jürgen Klankermayer (RWTH Aachen University, Germany) as well as by Dr. Philipp Schleker (MPI CEC and FZJ, Germany). The image shows the hyperpolarization of HDO via the new NEPTUN mechanism describing a chemical exchange/metathesis reaction between D2O and parahydrogen. Read the full text of the Communication at 10.1002/cphc.201800521.
Optimization design and rock‐breaking characteristics analysis of a self‐propelled swirling multi‐jet bit
Authors: Bi Gang , Li Mengmeng , Dou Liangbin , Qu Zhan , Zhao Kai 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHigh rock‐breaking efficiency with limited discharge rate and increasing the extension capacity of the radial horizontal hole as far as possible are the key of the novel radial horizontal drilling technology. The performance of jet bit is the primary problem to be solved in this key technology. Based on multijet bit, a self‐propelled swirling jet bit was developed, and the design method was also presented. By conducting rock‐breaking experiments, the type and structural parameters of the self‐propelled swirling jet bit were optimized. The results demonstrate that when the jet pressure and standoff distance are constant, the rock‐breaking efficiency of self‐propelled combined swirling and round multijet bit is better than that of a self‐propelled swirling multijet bit. The combined swirling and round multijet bit with 1 + 4 holes is optimal. Since many structural parameters influence the rock‐breaking efficiency of the self‐propelled swirling jet bit, the optimal values for the structural parameters can be determined by adjusting the rock‐breaking capacity and drilling performance with different structural parameters. The proposed novel jet bit improves the speed of radial horizontal drilling significantly.
Who benefits most in disease management programs: Improving target efficiency
Authors: Simcoe Timothy , Catillon Maryaline , Gertler Paul 
Published: October 2018

SummaryDisease management programs aim to reduce cost by improving the quality of care for chronic diseases. Evidence of their effectiveness is mixed. Reducing health care spending sufficiently to cover program costs has proved particularly challenging. This study uses a difference in differences design to examine the impact of a diabetes disease management program for high risk patients on preventive tests, health outcomes, and cost of care. Heterogeneity is examined along the dimensions of severity (measured using the proxy of poor glycemic control) and preventive testing received in the baseline year. Although disease management programs tend to focus on the sickest, the impact of this program concentrates in the group of people who had not received recommended tests in the preintervention period. If confirmed, such findings are practically important to improve cost‐effectiveness in disease management programs by targeting relevant subgroups defined both based on severity and on (missing) test information.
What does unconventional monetary policy do to stock markets in the euro area?
Authors: Chebbi Tarek 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis paper investigates the impact of the European Central Bank's unconventional monetary surprises on major European stock markets. Three measures for surprises are used: (a) the change in domestic 10‐year government bond yields, (b) the change in the spread between German and Italian (Spanish) 10‐year bond yields, and (c) the change in yields of a safe euro‐denominated asset, such as German bonds. I show that unconventional monetary policy surprises significantly influence stock returns. For instance, monetary decisions that cause a decrease in Italian (Spanish) sovereign spread led to an increase in the stock returns. In addition, I find that a positively surprising shock—a fall in the domestic bond yield and an increase in German interest rates—leads to higher stock returns. Finally, sovereign spreads seemed to have larger effects on stock returns both during crisis and postcrisis years.
Do demographics affect monetary policy transmission in Canada?
Authors: Kronick Jeremy , Ambler Steve 
Published: October 2018

AbstractUsing a panel of macroeconomic data for Canada and its 10 provinces, we estimate the dynamic effects of monetary policy shocks from the mid‐1980s until the present. We then relate the change in the impact of these shocks to macroeconomic factors including demographics, specifically changes in the old age dependency ratio. We find that the inflation‐targeting regime has had an ambiguous effect on the impact of monetary policy shocks in Canada. On the other hand, changing demographics have unambiguously reduced the impact of monetary policy shocks. This can help to explain tepid inflation since the financial crisis and could eventually undermine the effectiveness of Canada's inflation targeting regime.
Can cooperative game theory solve the low‐risk puzzle?
Authors: Auer Benjamin R. , Hiller Tobias 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this article, we illustrate that cooperative game theory may have the potential to solve the low‐risk puzzle, which has become one of the most important in modern finance because its implication of a negative risk‐return trade‐off poses a challenge to traditional models of asset prices. Using several simulation settings, we highlight that quantifying risk by means of assets' Shapley values, that is, assets' contributions to overall portfolio risk, instead of classic measures supplies a (more) positive risk‐return relationship in many practically relevant cases. This is partially attributable to the fact that the game‐theoretic risk measure captures more investment‐relevant information than commonly used alternatives.
The impacts of global economic policy uncertainty on stock market returns in regime switching environment: Evidence from sectoral perspectives
Authors: Hoque Mohammad Enamul , Zaidi Mohd Azlan Shah 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis study contributes in building emerging literature by investigating the impacts of global economic policy uncertainty on Malaysian sectoral stock performance. This study models sectoral stock returns as time‐varying transition probability Markovian processes and employs two‐stage Markov‐switching model for findings impacts of global economic policy uncertainty on sectoral stock returns in regime switching environment. The empirical results reveal that linear framework unable to detect the effects global economic policy uncertainty, and the Markov‐switching model exhibits significant effects of global economic policy uncertainty on all sectoral stock returns excluding technology sector in Malaysia stock market. The findings also expose that the effects of global economic policy uncertainty vary across regime states, sectors, and nature of effects, where the negative effects of global economic policy uncertainty dominate over positive effects. The global economic policy uncertainty exhibits greater impacts on stock returns in high‐volatility regime. Thus, the findings confirm the existence of asymmetric, nonlinear, nonmonotonic, and state‐dependent relationship between global economic policy uncertainty and sectoral stock returns in Malaysia. Therefore, the overall empirical findings can be applied in asset pricing and investment decision‐making purposes. The findings also suggest that global economic policy uncertainty can be a systemic risk factor and predictor of stock market returns.
Ubiquitin‐independent, Proteasome‐mediated targeted degradation of KRAS in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells using an engineered ornithine decarboxylase/antizyme system
Authors: Ma Yihui , Xu Jingjing , Huang Pei , Bai Xue , Gao Hanqing 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe oncogene KRAS not only promotes the tumorigenesis of pancreatic cancers but also is required for the malignant progression and metastasis of these cancers. Many methods have been explored to influence the malignant biological behavior of these cancers by targeting mutant KRAS. The ornithine decarboxylase/antizyme (ODC/AZ) system is another protein degradation pathway that exists in nature. The formation of an ODC and protein substrate complex through direct combination can promote its degradation by the 26S proteasome without ubiquitination, and this process can be catalyzed by AZ. In this study, we designed and reconstructed a chimeric fusion protein (named RC‐ODC). The engineered fusion protein RC‐ODC was confirmed to interact with the mutant KRAS oncoprotein in a co‐immunoprecipitation assay, and the introduction of both RC‐ODC and AZ resulted in degradation of the exogenous and endogenous mutant KRAS oncoprotein at the post‐translational level independent of ubiquitination in vitro. Along with a decreased KRAS level, suppression of PANC‐1 cell proliferation was detected in vitro and in vivo, and meanwhile downregulation of phosphorylated extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) was also observed. Targeted degradation of the KRAS oncoprotein through the ODC/AZ pathway at the post‐translational level may reflect a more effective future therapeutic strategy for pancreatic cancer patients. © 2018 The Authors. IUBMB Life published by Wiley Periodicals,Inc. on behalf of International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 71(1):57–65, 2019
PiT1/Slc20a1 Is Required for Endoplasmic Reticulum Homeostasis, Chondrocyte Survival, and Skeletal Development
Authors: Couasnay Greig , Bon Nina , Devignes Claire-Sophie , Sourice Sophie , Bianchi Arnaud , Véziers Joëlle , Weiss Pierre , Elefteriou Florent , Provot Sylvain , Guicheux Jérôme , Beck-Cormier Sarah , Beck Laurent 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT

During skeletal mineralization, the sodium-phosphate co-transporter PiT1Slc20a1 is assumed to meet the phosphate requirements of bone-forming cells, although evidence is missing. Here, we used a conditional gene deletion approach to determine the role of PiT1 in growth plate chondrocytes. We show that PiT1 ablation shortly after birth generates a rapid and massive cell death in the center of the growth plate, together with an uncompensated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, characterized by morphological changes and increased Chop, Atf4, and Bip expression. PiT1 expression in chondrocytes was not found at the cell membrane but co-localized with the ER marker ERp46, and was upregulated by the unfolded protein response cascade. In addition, we identified the protein disulfide isomerase (Pdi) ER chaperone as a PiT1 binding partner and showed that PiT1 ablation impaired Pdi reductase activity. The ER stress induced by PiT1 deficiency in chondrocytes was associated with intracellular retention of aggrecan and vascular endothelial growth factor A (Vegf-A), which was rescued by overexpressing a phosphate transport-deficient mutant of PiT1. Our data thus reveal a novel, Pi-transport independent function of PiT1, as a critical modulator of ER homeostasis and chondrocyte survival during endochondral ossification. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Chondrocytes Promote Vascularization in Fracture Healing Through a FOXO1-Dependent Mechanism
Authors: Zhang Citong , Feinberg Daniel , Alharbi Mohammed , Ding Zhenjiang , Lu Chanyi , O'Connor J Patrick , Graves Dana T 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT

Chondrocytes play an essential role in fracture healing by producing cartilage, which forms an anlage for endochondral ossification that stabilizes the healing fracture callus. More recently it has been appreciated that chondrocytes have the capacity to produce factors that may affect the healing process. We examined the role of chondrocytes in angiogenesis during fracture healing and the role of the transcription factor forkhead box-O 1 (FOXO1), which upregulates wound healing in soft tissue. Closed fractures were induced in experimental mice with lineage-specific FOXO1 deletion by Cre recombinase under the control of a collagen-2α1 promoter element (Col2α1Cre+FOXO1L/L) and Cre recombinase negative control littermates containing flanking loxP sites (Col2α1Cre–FOXO1L/L). Experimental mice had significantly reduced CD31+ new vessel formation. Deletion of FOXO1 in chondrocytes in vivo suppressed the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGFA) at both the protein and mRNA levels. Overexpression of FOXO1 in chondrocytes in vitro increased VEGFA mRNA levels and VEGFA transcriptional activity whereas silencing FOXO1 reduced it. Moreover, FOXO1 interacted directly with the VEGFA promoter and a deacetylated FOXO1 mutant enhanced VEGFA expression whereas an acetylated FOXO1 mutant did not. Lastly, FOXO1 knockdown by siRNA significantly reduced the capacity of chondrocytes to stimulate microvascular endothelial cell tube formation in vitro. The results indicate that chondrocytes play a key role in angiogenesis which is FOXO1 dependent and that FOXO1 in chondrocytes regulates a potent angiogenic factor, VEGFA. These studies provide new insight into fracture healing given the important role of vessel formation in the fracture repair process. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.