bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of flight delays in aviation system using different classification algorithms and feature selection methods
Authors: Anderson A. B. A. , Kumar A. J. Sanjeev , Christopher A. B. Arockia 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTData mining is a process of finding correlations and collecting and analysing a huge amount of data in a database to discover patterns or relationships. Flight delay creates significant problems in the present aviation system. Data mining techniques are desired for analysing the performance in which micro-level causes propagate to make system-level patterns of delay. Analysing flight delays is very difficult – both when looking from a historical view as well as when estimating delays with forecast demand. This paper proposes using Decision Tree (DT), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Naive Bayesian (NB), K-nearest neighbour (KNN) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to study and analyse delays among aircrafts. The performance of different data mining methods is found in the different regions of the updated datasets on these classifiers. Finally, the result shows a significant variation in the performance of different data mining methods and feature selection for this problem. This paper aims to deal with how data mining techniques can be used to understand difficult aircraft system delays in aviation. Our aim is to develop a classification model for studying and reducing delay using different data mining methods and, in this manner, to show that DT has a greater classification accuracy. The different feature selectors are used in this study in order to reduce the number of initial attributes. Our results clearly demonstrate the value of DT for analysing and visualising how system-level effects happen from subsystem-level causes.
A nonclonal outbreak of vancomycin-sensitive Enterococcus faecalis bacteremia in a neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Kotsanas Despina , Tan Kenneth , Scott Carmel , Baade Britta , Cheng Michaela Hui Ling , Tan Zien Vanessa , Taylor Jacqueline E. , Kwong Jason C. , Seemann Torsten , Coombs Geoffrey W. , Howden Benjamin P. , Stuart Rhonda L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjective:To describe an outbreak of bacteremia caused by vancomycin-sensitive Enterococcus faecalis (VSEfe).Design:An investigation by retrospective case control and molecular typing by whole-genome sequencing (WGS).Setting:A tertiary-care neonatal unit in Melbourne, Australia.Methods:Risk factors for 30 consecutive neonates with VSEfe bacteremia from June 2011 to December 2014 were analyzed using a case control study. Controls were neonates matched for gestational age, birth weight, and year of birth. Isolates were typed using WGS, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was determined.Results:Bacteremia for case patients occurred at a median time after delivery of 23.5 days (interquartile range, 14.9–35.8). Previous described risk factors for nosocomial bacteremia did not contribute to excess risk for VSEfe. WGS typing results designated 43% ST179 as well as 14 other sequence types, indicating a polyclonal outbreak. A multimodal intervention that included education, insertion checklists, guidelines on maintenance and access of central lines, adjustments to the late onset sepsis antibiotic treatment, and the introduction of diaper bags for disposal of soiled diapers after being handled inside the bed, led to termination of the outbreak.Conclusions:Typing using WGS identified this outbreak as predominately nonclonal and therefore not due to cross transmission. A multimodal approach was then sought to reduce the incidence of VSEfe bacteremia.
A paradigm for longitudinal complex network analysis over patient cohorts in neuroscience
Authors: Shappell Heather , Tripodis Yorghos , Killiany Ronald J. , Kolaczyk Eric D. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe study of complex brain networks, where structural or functional connections are evaluated to create an interconnected representation of the brain, has grown tremendously over the past decade. Many of the statistical network science tools for analyzing brain networks have been developed for cross-sectional studies and for the analysis of static networks. However, with both an increase in longitudinal study designs and an increased interest in the neurological network changes that occur during the progression of a disease, sophisticated methods for longitudinal brain network analysis are needed. We propose a paradigm for longitudinal brain network analysis over patient cohorts, with the key challenge being the adaptation of Stochastic Actor-Oriented Models to the neuroscience setting. Stochastic Actor-Oriented Models are designed to capture network dynamics representing a variety of influences on network change in a continuous-time Markov chain framework. Network dynamics are characterized through both endogenous (i.e. network related) and exogenous effects, where the latter include mechanisms conjectured in the literature. We outline an application to the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging setting with data from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative study. We draw illustrative conclusions at the subject level and make a comparison between elderly controls and individuals with Alzheimer’s disease.
Miocene and Plio-Pleistocene foraminiferal assemblages from Seymour Island, Antarctica
Authors: Badaró Victor C.S. , Petri Setembrino 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHere we describe new microfossil assemblages for the Miocene Hobbs Glacier Formation and the first possibly indigenous assemblages for the Plio-Pleistocene Weddell Sea Formation on Seymour Island, West Antarctica. The assemblages are composed mainly of foraminifers, but radiolarians, calcitarchs and poriferan sclerites are also present. For the Hobbs Glacier Formation, we report the foraminifersBolivinasp.,Oolina globosaandRosalinacf.globularis; and for the Weddell Sea Formation, we reportFavulina hexagona,Globigerinita uvula,Globocassidulinacf.subglobosaandPsammosphaera fusca. The low abundance and diversity of microfossils, allied with the complex taphonomical processes that prevailed in Antarctic glacial–marine palaeoenvironments, make it impossible to define whether the assemblages are composed of a mixture of indigenous and re-elaborated specimens or exclusively of re-elaborated remains. Nevertheless, the indigenous nature of some specimens is suggested by their inherent fragility, excellent preservation and/or taxonomic association with indigenous assemblages from correlated strata. The taxonomic compositions are not directly comparable with other Antarctic assemblages, although most of the species were previously reported from pre-Quaternary or modern deposits of both West and East Antarctica. This lack of correspondence is probably due to preservation biases, but any further significance is hidden by the complex taphonomy of the deposits.
Left ventricular non-compaction in a child with bicuspid aortic valve and aortic coarctation
Authors: Karatza Ageliki , Mylonas Konstantinos S. , Tzifa Aphrodite 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe present the case of a 3-year-old boy with bicuspid aortic valve, aortic coarctation, and left ventricular non-compaction. The diagnosis was made post-natally with ultrasonography and was verified by cardiac MRI. Aortic coarctation was initially repaired surgically. At age 3 months, recoarctation and heart failure developed. Balloon angioplasty was performed with immediate improvement. At age 3 years, the patient remains asymptomatic and normotensive.
Examining Gender Differences in Neurocognitive Functioning Across Adulthood
Authors: Siedlecki Karen L. , Falzarano Francesca , Salthouse Timothy A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjective:Previous research has shown that women have an advantage on verbal episodic memory and processing speed tasks, while men show an advantage on spatial ability measures. Previous work has also found differences in cognition across age. The current study examines gender differences in neurocognitive functioning across adulthood, whether age moderates this effect, and whether these differences remain consistent with practice across multiple testing sessions.Method:Data from the Virginia Cognitive Aging Project were used, which included participants between the ages of 18 and 99 years (N = 5125). Participants completed measures assessing five cognitive domains: episodic memory, processing speed, reasoning, spatial visualization, and vocabulary.Results:Results showed that gender was significantly related to memory, speed, and spatial visualization, but not to vocabulary or reasoning. Results of invariance analyses across men and women provided evidence of configural and metric invariance, along with partial scalar invariance. Additionally, there was little evidence that age or practice influenced the gender effect on neurocognition.Conclusions:Consistent with the previous research, these results suggest that there is a female advantage in episodic memory and processing speed, and a male advantage in spatial visualization. Gender was shown to influence cognition similarly across adulthood. Furthermore, the influence of gender remained the same across three sessions, which is consistent with the previous work that has shown that training does not differentially impact performance on spatial ability measures for females compared to males.
Inducing Factors and Impacts of the October 2017 California Wildfires
Authors: Li Andy X. , Wang Yuan , Yung Yuk L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe California wildfires of October 2017 were one of the largest wildfires in the state's history. Using surface temperature, surface pressure, cloud liquid and ice water contents, precipitation data, and wind data, we explore possible reasons for the wildfires. It is found that the mean surface temperature in California has increased, while mean cloud water contents and mean precipitation in California has decreased over the past 39 years. Higher temperatures, higher surface pressures, lower cloud water contents, lower precipitation, enhanced surface Santa Ana winds, and enhanced sinking air have set up favorable meteorological conditions for stronger wildfires in California, such as the October 2017 wildfires. Furthermore, the CO2 data from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 satellite have, for the first time, made it possible for us to quantitatively characterize the impact of wildfires on atmospheric CO2 in California, which revealed that atmospheric CO2 increased by 2 ppm after the October 2017 California wildfires. Analyses in this study can help us better understand the causes and impacts of wildfires.
SKS Splitting Beneath Mount St. Helens: Constraints on Subslab Mantle Entrainment
Authors: Eakin C. M. , Wirth E. A. , Wallace A. , Ulberg C. W. , Creager K. C. , Abers G. A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObservations of seismic anisotropy can provide direct constraints on the character of mantle flow in subduction zones, critical for our broader understanding of subduction dynamics. Here we present over 750 new SKS splitting measurements in the vicinity of Mount St. Helens in the Cascadia subduction zone using a combination of stations from the iMUSH broadband array and Cascades Volcano Observatory network. This provides the highest density of splitting measurements yet available in Cascadia, acting as a focused “telescope” for seismic anisotropy in the subduction zone. We retrieve spatially consistent splitting parameters (mean fast direction Φ: 74°, mean delay time ∂t: 1.0 s) with the azimuthal occurrence of nulls in agreement with the fast direction of splitting. When averaged across the array, a 90° periodicity in splitting parameters as a function of back azimuth is revealed, which has not been recovered previously with single‐station observations. The periodicity is characterized by a sawtooth pattern in Φ with a clearly defined 45° trend. We present new equations that reproduce this behavior based upon known systematic errors when calculating shear wave splitting from data with realistic seismic noise. The corrected results suggest a single layer of anisotropy with an ENE‐WSW fast axis parallel to the motion of the subducting Juan de Fuca plate; in agreement with predictions for entrained subslab mantle flow. The splitting pattern is consistent with that seen throughout Cascadia, suggesting that entrainment of the underlying asthenosphere with the subducting slab is coherent and widespread.
Visibility and Line‐of‐Sight Extinction Estimates in Gale Crater During the 2018/MY34 Global Dust Storm
Authors: Smith Christina L. , Moores John E. , Lemmon Mark , Guzewich Scott D. , Moore Casey A. , Ellison Douglas , Khayat Alain S. J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNorthern line‐of‐sight extinction within Gale Crater during the 2018 global dust storm was monitored daily using Mars Science Laboratory's Navcam. Additional observations with Mastcam (north) and Navcam (all directions) were obtained at a lower cadence. Using feature identification and georeferencing, extinction was estimated in all possible directions. Peak extinction of >1.1 km−1 was measured between sols 2086 and 2090, an order of magnitude higher than previous maxima. Northern and western directions show an initial decrease, followed by a secondary peak in extinction, not seen in column opacity measurements. Due to foreground topography, eastern direction results are provided only as limits, and southern results were indeterminable. Mastcam red and green filter results agree well, but blue filter results show higher extinctions, likely due to low signal‐to‐noise. Morning results are systematically higher than afternoon results, potentially indicative of atmospheric mixing.
The Effects of Vertically Propagating Tides on the Mean Dynamical Structure of the Lower Thermosphere
Authors: Jones McArthur , Forbes Jeffrey M. , Sassi Fabrizio 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNumerical experiments performed with the National Center for Atmospheric Research thermosphere‐ionosphere‐electrodynamics general circulation model forced with an observationally based diurnal and semidiurnal tidal spectrum are utilized to investigate the physical processes by which the dissipation of vertically propagating tides act to alter the zonally and diurnally averaged (“zonal‐mean”) dynamical state of the thermosphere. Below 150 km the largest contributors to the zonal‐mean zonal wind distribution are the pressure gradient, Coriolis, and the tidally driven momentum flux divergence terms, the latter being about half the former two. Ion drag plays a smaller role in the lower thermosphere but becomes increasingly important at higher altitudes (i.e., above ∼150 km). We also find that the tidally driven heat flux divergence term contributes to the generation of zonal‐mean zonal winds through its coupling into the pressure gradient term. Tidally induced zonally and diurnally averaged zonal wind changes achieve values of up to 30 m/s in the lower thermosphere, of which about a third can be traced to the heat flux divergence. Tidal amplitudes used to force the thermosphere‐ionosphere‐electrodynamics general circulation model lower boundary represent conservative estimates, since they are based on forcing by a multiyear 60‐day mean tidal climatology, which significantly underestimates their amplitudes at any given time. Eliassen‐Palm Fluxes further support the conclusion that the heat flux divergence has a statistically significant direct impact on the zonal‐mean zonal wind balance in the lower thermosphere.
Alteration of Particle Drift Resonance Dynamics Near Poloidal Mode Field Line Resonance Structures
Authors: Degeling A. W. , Rankin R. , Wang Y. , Shi Q. Q. , Zong Q.‐G. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe examine the effect on drift‐resonant particle dynamics of a strongly peaked internally driven poloidal mode field line resonance (FLR; with specified frequency ω in the Pc5 range and azimuthal mode number m≫1). Using an analytic magneto‐hydrodynamic model in a dipole field to describe the ultra low frequency wave mode, we use the bounce‐averaged formalism of Northrop (1963) to obtain equations of motion for charged particles in the wave frame and find an analytic solution for the case of a temporally constant ultra low frequency wave amplitude profile. Focusing on equatorially mirroring electrons in this study, we demonstrate that, for sufficiently peaked radial profiles, multiple drift resonances appear that are associated with the FLR peak. These are in addition to the well‐known zeroth‐order drift resonance location, occurring when the unperturbed drift speed
satisfies the resonance condition (
). The additional resonances arise because the strongly peaked FLR wave field components provide sufficiently strong perturbations to the azimuthal drift speed to cause multiple zero crossings in the resonance condition. These additional resonances have trapping periods much lower than that of the zeroth‐order resonance and considerably complicate the electron dynamics. Further properties of these resonances and their measurable effect on electron dynamics are discussed. For example, their effect on observations of energetic electron flux on board satellites in the vicinity of an FLR is calculated and shown to significantly distort the typical signature associated with drift resonance (modulations in electron flux at the wave frequency with a 180° phase change across the resonant energy).
The Semiannual and 4.4‐Year Modulations of Extreme High Tides
Authors: Ray R. D. , Merrifield M. A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn most places extreme high tides undergo a clear seasonal variation. It is well known that semidiurnal tides tend to peak during equinox seasons, and diurnals during solstice seasons. This is a consequence of the solar and lunar declinations, which when large maximize diurnal tides at the expense of semidiurnals. The semiannual range modulation of tidal extremes for a pure semidiurnal tide is determined mainly by the amplitude of the K2 constituent; a pure diurnal is determined mainly by P1. Mixed tidal regimes tend to experience maxima very roughly around the times of solstice, but not always, with the semiannual modulation generally a complicated function of constituent amplitudes and phases. These modulations are here mapped worldwide by analyzing tidal extremes predicted with a global tide model. The known 4.4‐year modulation in extreme tides is a consequence of declinational and perigean effects coming in and out of phase. The phase of the 4.4‐year modulation is controlled by the phase of the semiannual modulation, irrespective of whether the tide is diurnal, semidiurnal, or mixed.
Investigating the association between body fat and depression via Mendelian randomization
Authors: Speed Maria S. , Jefsen Oskar H. , Børglum Anders D. , Speed Doug , Østergaard Søren D. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObesity and depression are major public health concerns that are both associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. There is a considerable body of literature linking obesity to the development of depression. Recent studies using Mendelian randomization indicate that this relationship is causal. Most studies of the obesity–depression association have used body mass index as a measure of obesity. Body mass index is defined as weight (measured in kilograms) divided by the square of height (meters) and therefore does not distinguish between the contributions of fat and nonfat to body weight. To better understand the obesity–depression association, we conduct a Mendelian randomization study of the relationship between fat mass, nonfat mass, height, and depression, using genome-wide association study results from the UK Biobank (n = 332,000) and the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (n = 480,000). Our findings suggest that both fat mass and height (short stature) are causal risk factors for depression, while nonfat mass is not. These results represent important new knowledge on the role of anthropometric measures in the etiology of depression. They also suggest that reducing fat mass will decrease the risk of depression, which lends further support to public health measures aimed at reducing the obesity epidemic.
An autophagy-inducing and TLR-2 activating BCG vaccine induces a robust protection against tuberculosis in mice
Authors: Khan Arshad , Bakhru Pearl , Saikolappan Sankaralingam , Das Kishore , Soudani Emily , Singh Christopher R. , Estrella Jaymie L. , Zhang Dekai , Pasare Chandrashekhar , Ma Yue , Sun Jianjun , Wang Jin , Hunter Robert L. , Tony Eissa N. , Dhandayuthapani Subramanian , Jagannath Chinnaswamy 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMycobacterium bovisBCG is widely used as a vaccine against tuberculosis due toM. tuberculosis(Mtb), which kills millions of people each year. BCG variably protects children, but not adults against tuberculosis. BCG evades phagosome maturation, autophagy, and reduces MHC-II expression of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) affecting T-cell activation. To bypass these defects, an autophagy-inducing, TLR-2 activating C5 peptide from Mtb-derived CFP-10 protein was overexpressed in BCG in combination with Ag85B. Recombinant BCG85C5induced a robust MHC-II-dependent antigen presentation to CD4 T cells in vitro, and elicited stronger TH1 cytokines (IL-12, IL-1β, and TNFα) from APCs of C57Bl/6 mice increasing phosphorylation of p38MAPK and ERK. BCG85C5also enhanced MHC-II surface expression of MΦs by inhibiting MARCH1 ubiquitin ligase that degrades MHC-II. BCG85C5infected APCs from MyD88 or TLR-2 knockout mice showed decreased antigen presentation. Furthermore, BCG85C5induced LC3-dependent autophagy in macrophages increasing antigen presentation. Consistent with in vitro effects, BCG85C5markedly expanded both effector and central memory T cells in C57Bl/6 mice protecting them against both primary aerosol infection with Mtb and reinfection, but was less effective among TLR-2 knockout mice. Thus, BCG85C5induces stronger and longer lasting immunity, and is better than BCG against tuberculosis of mice.
Musical playschool activities are linked to faster auditory development during preschool-age: a longitudinal ERP study
Authors: Putkinen Vesa , Tervaniemi Mari , Huotilainen Minna 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe influence of musical experience on brain development has been mostly studied in school-aged children with formal musical training while little is known about the possible effects of less formal musical activities typical for preschool-aged children (e.g., before the age of seven). In the current study, we investigated whether the amount of musical group activities is reflected in the maturation of neural sound discrimination from toddler to preschool-age. Specifically, we recorded event-related potentials longitudinally (84 recordings from 33 children) in a mismatch negativity (MMN) paradigm to different musically relevant sound changes at ages 2–3, 4–5 and 6–7 years from children who attended a musical playschool throughout the follow-up period and children with shorter attendance to the same playschool. In the first group, we found a gradual positive to negative shift in the polarities of the mismatch responses while the latter group showed little evidence of age-related changes in neural sound discrimination. The current study indicates that the maturation of sound encoding indexed by the MMN may be more protracted than once thought and provides first longitudinal evidence that even quite informal musical group activities facilitate the development of neural sound discrimination during early childhood.