bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex differences in disease avoidance behavior vary across modes of pathogen exposure
Authors: Keiser Carl N. , Rudolf Volker H.W. , Luksik Matthew C. , Saltz Julia B. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSex differences in disease susceptibility are widespread, and these disparities are often compounded in cases where sexual dimorphism increases exposure risk to parasites for one sex more than the other. Studies rarely link sex differences in disease susceptibility to sex differences in infection avoidance behavior. Yet, understanding the intersection of hosts’ susceptibility to infection and infection avoidance behavior is essential to predicting infection risk variation. Here, we use the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and a generalist entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium robertsii, which can be transmitted directly, indirectly, and post‐mortem as a model host–pathogen system. We test whether the relationship between susceptibility to infection and pathogen avoidance behavior covaries with host sex. We first measured differences in resistance between male and female flies after three different types of exposure—direct, sexual, and environmental—to infectious fungal conidiospores. Then, we tested whether male and female flies differed in the likelihood of mating with infected partners and their avoidance of food patches with increased infection risk. Females were more susceptible to infection under all three exposure techniques. When confronted with an infectious partner, females mated sooner than males. However, when given a choice between an exposed partner and an unexposed partner, females take longer to begin copulating compared with males, though neither sex was more likely to choose the unexposed partner than expected by chance. Neither male nor females flies avoided food patches containing infectious conidiospores, though only females show an aversion to food sites containing an infectious fly corpse. These experiments suggest that sex differences in disease susceptibility may be counteracted via differential pathogen avoidance behavior, though the strength of avoidance behavior appears to vary across different contexts of infection risk.
Intradialytic exercise with blood flow restriction: Something to add to hemodialysis adequacy? Findings from a crossover study
Authors: Dias Etiene C. , Orcy Rafael , Antunes Maria F. , Kohn Rodrigo , Rombaldi Airton J. , Ribeiro Larissa , Oses Jean P. , Ferreira Gustavo D. , Araújo Aline M. , Boff Isis F. , Böhlke Maristela 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionHemodialysis (HD) increases the lifespan of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. However, HD is only partially effective in replacing renal function. The aim of this study is to compare HD adequacy between sessions with intradialytic exercise with or without blood flow restriction (BFR) with sessions without exercise.MethodsA crossover study including 22 adult CKD patients on HD. The patients were assigned to BFR (n = 11) or exercise alone group (n = 11). Each patient was submitted to four HD sessions (two with exercise and two control sessions). HD adequacy was assessed by equilibrated Kt/V‐urea (eKT/V), single‐pool Kt/V‐urea (sp‐Kt/V), urea and phosphorus rebound, urea reduction ratio (URR) and removal of urea and phosphorus in dialysate.FindingsBFR exercise improved eKt/V and sp‐Kt/V (1.32 ± 0.21 vs. 1.10 ± 0.16 for control, P < 0.001; 1.53 ± 0.26 vs. 1.27 ± 0.19 for control, P < 0.001, respectively) and URR (72.5 ± 5.4% vs. 66.1 ± 7.7% for control, P < 0.001). No difference in eKt/V, sp‐Kt/V or URR could be detected between exercise alone and control HD sessions. Urea rebound was lower in BFR exercise vs. control sessions (−8.9 ± 9.1% vs. 30.7 ± 12.8%, P < 0.01) and exercise alone vs. control sessions (13.3 ± 29.0% vs. 42.4 ± 15.3%, P < 0.01). Phosphorus rebound was marginally lower in exercise vs. control sessions (14.4 ± 19.1% vs. 28.4 ± 22.1%, P = 0.18). Urea and phosphorus mass removal in dialysate were marginally higher in exercise vs. control sessions (42.2 ± 19.4 g vs. 35.7 ± 12.5 g, P = 0.24; 912.1 ± 360.9 mg vs. 778.6 ± 245.1 mg, P = 0.28).ConclusionsIntradialytic exercise with BFR was more effective than standard exercise in increasing HD adequacy.
DYNAMIC STATUS EFFECTS, SAVINGS, AND INCOME INEQUALITY
Authors: Dioikitopoulos Evangelos V. , Turnovsky Stephen J. , Wendner Ronald 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis article advances the hypothesis that the intensity of status preferences depends negatively on the average wealth of society (endogenous dynamic status effect), in accordance with empirical evidence. Our theory replicates the contradictory historical facts of an increasing saving rate along with declining returns to capital over time. By affecting the dynamics of the saving rate, the dynamic status effect raises inequality, thereby providing a behavioral mechanism for the observed diverse dynamics of income inequality across countries. In countries in which the dynamic status effect is strong (weak), inequality rises (declines) over time in response to a positive productivity shock.
The effect of acute warming and thermal acclimation on maximum heart rate of the common killifish Fundulus heteroclitus
Authors: Safi Hamid , Zhang Yangfan , Schulte Patricia M. , Farrell Anthony P. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCommon killifish Fundulus heteroclitus were acclimated to ecologically relevant temperatures (5, 15 and 33°C) and their maximum heart rate (fHmax) was measured at each acclimation temperature during an acute warming protocol. Acclimation to 33°C increased peak fHmax by up to 32% and allowed the heart to beat rhythmically at a temperature 10°C higher when compared with acclimation to 5°C. Independent of acclimation temperature, peak fHmax occurred about 3°C cooler than the temperature that first produced cardiac arrhythmias. Thus, when compared with previously published values for the critical thermal maximum of F. heteroclitus, the temperature for peak fHmax was cooler and the temperature that first produced cardiac arrhythmias was similar to these critical thermal maxima. The considerable thermal plasticity of fHmax demonstrated in the present study is entirely consistent with eurythermal ecology of killifish, as shown previously for another eurythermal fish Gillichthys mirabilis.
Comparison of Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Care Between School‐Based Health Centers and a Continuity Clinic
Authors: MacGeorge Claire A. , King Kathryn L. , Simpson Annie N. , Abramson Erika L. , Bundy David G. , McElligott James T. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSchool‐based health centers (SBHC) are in a unique position to provide guideline‐driven attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) care. In this study, we compared adherence to 2 components of ADHD guidelines in SBHC versus a continuity clinic.METHODSWe compared proportions of ADHD visits that had a structured symptom report available and timely follow‐up in SBHC to a continuity clinic using chart review. We used multiple logistic regression to estimate the association between guideline adherence and clinic type.RESULTSParticipants who had a medication dose change were 3.9 times more likely (relative risk [RR] = 3.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.0‐5.1) to have a structured report present and 1.7 times more likely (RR = 1.7, 95% CI 1.2‐2.2) to have follow‐up within 30 days if they were seen in SBHC versus continuity clinic. Participants who were stable on their medication dose were 18 times more likely (RR = 18.0, 95% CI 11.3‐29.0) to have a structured report present and 1.4 times more likely (RR = 1.4, 95% CI 1.3‐1.6) to have follow‐up within 100 days if they were seen in SBHC versus continuity clinic.CONCLUSIONSCare provided in SBHC was associated with improved adherence to guidelines and has the potential to the improve pediatric ADHD outcomes.
Spotting sporotrichosis skin infection: The first Australian paediatric case series
Authors: Schauer Anna , Campbell Anita J , Arthur Ian , Blyth Chris C , Bowen Asha C 
Published: October 2019

AimSporotrichosis is a dermatomycosis caused by the dimorphic fungus, Sporothrix schenckii, with various outbreaks across Australia attributed to mouldy hay. Our objective was to investigate the clinical presentation and management of cutaneous sporotrichosis in a paediatric population of Western Australia.MethodsA retrospective case review was performed for S. schenckii infections in children below 18 years, between January 2000 and November 2017. Cases were identified from the state‐wide laboratory database and additional clinical data obtained from medical records.ResultsThirty‐two cases of microbiologically proven S. schenckii infection were identified, mostly from rural areas (n = 20, 63%). Complete clinical data were available for 11 cases (34%). The most common risk factors were exposure to farm animals and hay, arthropod bites and outdoor activities. The median duration from symptom onset to correct diagnosis was 6 weeks (interquartile range: 4–7 weeks). Most cases were initially treated with multiple, broad‐spectrum antibacterial agents (n = 7, 64%). Targeted therapy (itraconazole) was used in all cases once the diagnosis was made, with a median treatment duration of 5 months (interquartile range: 4–6 months). Morbidity included scarring (n = 4, 31%), itraconazole associated diarrhoea (n = 1, 8%) and mild hepatotoxicity (n = 1, 8%).ConclusionSummarising the clinical experience of these cases is a useful guide for clinical recognition and may serve to shorten the interval between onset and diagnosis, and avoid the need for antibacterial therapy. These data highlight the importance of recognising Sporotrichosis in children outside an outbreak setting, leading to timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment with antifungal agents.
Paediatric pre‐operative anaesthetic clinic: A survey of consultant‐led caseload and outcomes
Authors: Chin Joel WE , Macrae Jenny L , Sury Michael RJ 
Published: October 2019

AimThe role of pre‐operative anaesthetic clinics (POAC) in adult practice is well‐established and is developing in paediatric hospitals in the UK.MethodsWe carried out a retrospective survey of all patients assessed in our POAC by a consultant, determining the pre‐operative problems and the perioperative anaesthetic interventions and outcomes.ResultsIn 2016, 537 patients were seen by a consultant: the median age was 5.5 years (interquartile range 2.2–10.2) and median weight was 18.7 kg (interquartile range 12–28.7). 77% were ASA3 and 4% were ASA4. Seventy‐five percent of patients referred for consultant assessment had a problem with at least one of the following four major body systems: cardiac (37%), respiratory (26%), airway (18%) and neurodevelopment (14%), Fifteen percent of these patients had two of these systems affected, and 3% had three or more. The rate of cancellation due to significant risk was 2.6% (n = 14): nine had significant cardiac risk and five had respiratory reasons. The rate of serious perioperative problems was 2.8% (n = 15): six were cardiac, six were respiratory, two neurological and one coagulation. Cardiac and airway problems occurred during anaesthesia, whereas problems relating to respiratory and neurological disease were post‐operative. Of the 15 patients with three or more body system problems, 5 were cancelled or had a perioperative complication causing deterioration, 5 had a major complication but recovered fully and 5 proceeded to general anaesthesia (GA) without serious event. There were no deaths during GA or within 30 days.ConclusionIn the POAC, consultants identified a wide range of GA‐related potential problems enabling patients to be investigated, informed and prepared (or cancelled because of excess risk), and for appropriate resources to be allocated to achieve efficient and safe perioperative care.
Surrogates’ end‐of‐life decision‐making process in nursing homes for residents with a neurocognitive disorder: An integrative review
Authors: Daneau Stéphanie , Bourbonnais Anne , Legault Alain 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe goal of this review is to analyse articles on the experience of surrogates who find themselves making end‐of‐life decisions for a relative with a major neurocognitive disorder in a nursing home.DesignAn integrative review of the literature based on Whittemore and Knafl's method.Data sourcesThis review used the CINAHL, PubMed, PsycInfo, Embase and Web of Science databases. A complementary search was also conducted via citation pearl searching, and the reference lists from the selected articles were manually verified.Review methodThe quality of the selected articles was assessed using the Crow Critical Appraisal Tool, and the data were extracted systematically and were then organised according to Mishel's uncertainty in illness theory. The data that did not correspond to any concept of the theory were excluded at this stage. Analysis was conducted using the method put forward by Miles, Huberman and Saldaña.ResultsA total of 18 articles were selected: 11 qualitative, 5 quantitative and 1 using a mixed method, as well as 1 ethical argument. The subjects arising from the analysis of the articles were the types of decisions made, the support available for the surrogates, the role and involvement of the surrogates in the process and the factors that influence the decisions.ConclusionThe results of this integrative review stimulate reflection on the needs of family members involved in making decisions, as well as on the nursing practice and research. Published literature is mainly from North America, and thus, more research is needed to better understand the impact of cultural and ethnic differences in the process, which was poorly covered by the existing literature. Also, exploring nurses’ involvement in supporting surrogates may eventually better equip nurses for their interventions with surrogates.Implications for practiceDescribing the illness progression and the signification of palliative care to the resident with a NCD and their surrogate decision makers, as well as discussing end‐of‐life care preferences as early as possible are all nursing interventions that could potentially enhance surrogates’ end‐of‐life decision‐making process.
The Constitution of Abstract Objects
Authors: Trajkovski Miroslava 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAn abstract singular term is a term that is built in a particular way which is given by the principle of abstraction. Given that F and G are variables, N is a term‐forming operator, and E is an equivalence relation, the principle of abstraction is usually stated as: (F)(G)(NF = NG iff E[F,G]). I distinguish between logical and phenomenological principles of abstraction in the sense that the left‐hand side is abstrahendum and the right‐hand side is abstrahens in the former; in the latter it is vice versa. Frege says that we “carve up the content in a way different from the original one [in the abstrahens], and this yields us a new concept [in the abstrahendum].” I shall follow an approach that differs from the Fregean. Instead of taking an object to be defined as the referent of a term constructed as a singular term, I will take it that an object is the referent of a constitutional act which I explain along Husserlian lines. I will argue that the logical principle of abstraction for numbers demands two steps of abstraction (not exactly Cantorian ones), and that the first one was hidden. When made explicit this step reveals its phenomenological character.
Does the evidence support the importance of high transfusion ratios of plasma and platelets to red blood cells in improving outcomes in severely injured patients: a systematic review and meta‐analyses
Authors: da Luz Luis Teodoro , Shah Prakesh S. , Strauss Rachel , Mohammed Ayman Abdelhady , D'Empaire Pablo Perez , Tien Homer , Nathens Avery B. , Nascimento Barto 
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUNDDeaths by exsanguination in trauma are preventable with hemorrhage control and resuscitation with allogeneic blood products (ABPs). The ideal transfusion ratio is unknown. We compared efficacy and safety of high transfusion ratios of FFP:RBC and PLT:RBC with low ratios in trauma.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSMedline, Embase, Cochrane, and Controlled Clinical Trials Register were searched. Observational and randomized data were included. Risk of bias was assessed using validated tools. Primary outcome was 24‐h and 30‐day mortality. Secondary outcomes were exposure to ABPs and improvement of coagulopathy. Meta‐analysis was conducted using a random‐effects model. Strength and evidence quality were graded using GRADE profileRESULTS55 studies were included (2 randomized and 53 observational), with low and moderate risk of bias, respectively, and overall low evidence quality. The two RCTs showed no mortality difference (odds ratio [OR], 1.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.40‐4.59). Observational studies reported lower mortality in high FFP:RBCs ratio (OR, 0.38 [95% CI, 0.22‐0.68] for 1:1 vs. <1:1; OR, 0.42 [95% CI, 0.22‐0.81] for 1:1.5 vs. <1:1.5; and OR, 0.47 [95% CI, 0.31‐0.71] for 1:2 vs. <1:2, respectively). Meta‐analyses in observational studies showed no difference in exposure to ABPs. No data on coagulopathy for meta‐analysis was identified.CONCLUSIONSMeta‐analyses in observational studies suggest survival benefit and no difference in exposure to ABPs. No survival benefit in RCTs was identified. These conflicting results should be interpreted with caution. Studies are mostly observational, with relatively small sample sizes, nonrandom treatment allocation, and high potential for confounding. Further research is warranted.
The determinants of international migration: Unbundling the role of economic, political and social institutions
Authors: Arif Imran 
Published: October 2019

AbstractInternational migrants may relocate because of economic, political and social factors in their origin or destination countries. Using global bilateral migration flows from 103 countries over the period 1990–2000, we explore whether emigrants self‐select based on economic, political and social institutions. Our study adds social dimension as a potential determinant of migration and separates the pull and push effects of political, economic and social institutions. Our results indicate that economic, political and social institutions are significant pull factors of migration; economic freedom has the most substantial pull effect followed by the political institutions; social institutions have the weakest pull effect on migration. Moreover, economic and social institutions are significant push factors of migration, while political institutions do not show any push effect. Furthermore, educated migrants are more sensitive to the destination economic, political and social institutions than less‐educated migrants, and less‐educated migrants are more sensitive to the social institutions at the origin.
Influence of Realistic Lubricant Density-Pressure Dependence on the Stiffness of Elastohydrodynamic Lubricated Contacts
Authors: Issa J. S. , Habchi W. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The analysis of the dynamic response of elastohydrodynamic lubricated contacts has often invoked a universal law for lubricant density–pressure dependence, even though the densities of many lubricants exhibit a substantial deviation from this widely adopted law. The current work investigates the influence of real lubricant density–pressure behavior on the stiffness of elastohydrodynamic lubricated contacts. It is shown that accounting for the real lubricant density–pressure dependence is crucial for an accurate estimation of the oil film stiffness, under steady-state considerations. The influence on the overall stiffness of the contact is found to be negligible though. Finally, an analytical correction procedure is provided, allowing a correction of oil film stiffness predictions that are based on the universal law for lubricant density–pressure dependence (or any other unrealistic law), to account for the real lubricant density–pressure response.
Structure Optimization of Battery Module With a Parallel Multi-Channel Liquid Cooling Plate Based on Orthogonal Test
Authors: Pan Chaofeng , Tang Qiming , He Zhigang , Wang Limei , Chen Long 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In order to keep the power battery work within an ideal temperature range for the electric vehicle, the liquid cooling plate with parallel multi-channels is designed, and a three-dimensional thermal model of battery module with the liquid cooling plate is established. Subsequently, the effects of the cooling plate thickness and the cooling pipe thickness, channel number and coolant mass flow rate on the cooling performance of battery modules are analyzed. The results show that four parameters of the cooling plate have an important role in the thermal behavior of the liquid-cooled battery system. It is not good to improve the performance of the cooling system by changing only certain parameters. The four factors discussed above are optimized by using orthogonal test according to the univariate analysis. With the use of the orthogonal test, the optimization model obtained is obviously enhanced in the aspect of maximum temperature control and temperature uniformity of liquid-cooled battery module. Results show that the three-dimensional thermal analysis and orthogonal test method are compatible with optimal design of liquid-cooled battery modules.
A true polar wander trigger for the Great Jurassic East Asian Aridification
Authors: Yi Zhiyu , Liu Yongqing , Meert Joseph G. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA drastic environmental change occurred during the Middle to Late Jurassic as much of East Asia transitioned from a wet seasonal to an extremely arid climate. The timing, scope, and especially mechanism for this aridification are contentious. In this study, we report paleomagnetic data and ages from Jurassic volcanic rocks in North China and for the first time reveal a large-scale southward displacement of ∼25° for the Eastern Asian blocks (EABs) sometime between 174 ± 6 Ma and 157 ± 4 Ma. We suggest that the rapid motion documented by our paleomagnetic studies resulted from large-scale true polar wander (TPW). The TPW rotation displaced the EABs from the Northern Hemisphere humid-temperate belt into the subtropical/tropical arid zone. The resultant latitudinal motion coincided with a remarkable environmental change recorded over 10,000,000 km2 in East Asia between ca. 165 Ma and 155 Ma. We call the climate transition the “Great Jurassic East Asian Aridification” and argue that TPW-induced climatic shifts were also responsible for the demise of the Yanliao Biota and subsequent radiation of the Jehol Biota during the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous.
Mid-Holocene extinction of cold-water corals on the Namibian shelf steered by the Benguela oxygen minimum zone
Authors: Tamborrino Leonardo , Wienberg Claudia , Titschack Jürgen , Wintersteller Paul , Mienis Furu , Schröder-Ritzrau Andrea , Freiwald André , Orejas Covadonga , Dullo Wolf-Christian , Haberkern Julia , Hebbeln Dierk 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
An exceptionally large cold-water coral mound province (CMP) was recently discovered extending over 80 km along the Namibian shelf (offshore southwestern Africa) in water depths of 160–270 m. This hitherto unknown CMP comprises >2000 mounds with heights of up to 20 m and constitutes the largest CMP known from the southeastern Atlantic Ocean. Uranium-series dating revealed a short but intense pulse in mound formation during the early to mid-Holocene. Coral proliferation during this period was potentially supported by slightly enhanced dissolved oxygen concentrations compared to the present Benguela oxygen minimum zone (OMZ). The subsequent mid-Holocene strengthening of the Benguela Upwelling System and a simultaneous northward migration of the Angola-Benguela Front resulted in an intensification of the OMZ that caused the sudden local extinction of the Namibian corals and prevented their reoccurrence until today.