bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphine Exacerbates Postfracture Nociceptive Sensitization, Functional Impairment, and Microglial Activation in Mice
Authors: Li Wen-Wu , Irvine Karen-Amanda , Sahbaie Peyman , Guo Tian-Zhi , Shi Xiao-you , Tawfik Vivianne L. , Kingery Wade S. , Clark J. David 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

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What We Already Know about This Topic

What This Article Tells Us That Is New

Background
Emerging evidence suggests that opioid use immediately after surgery and trauma may worsen outcomes. In these studies, the authors aimed to determine whether morphine administered for a clinically relevant time period (7 days) in a tibia fracture orthopedic surgery model had adverse effects on postoperative recovery.

Methods
Mice were given morphine twice daily for 7 days after unilateral tibial fracture and intramedullary pin fixation to model orthopedic surgery and limb trauma. Mechanical allodynia, limb-specific weight bearing, gait changes, memory, and anxiety were measured after injury. In addition, spinal cord gene expression changes as well as glial activation were measured. Finally, the authors assessed the effects of a selective Toll-like receptor 4 antagonist, TAK-242, on nociceptive and functional changes after injury.

Results
Tibial fracture caused several weeks of mechanical nociceptive sensitization (F
(1, 216) = 573.38, P < 0.001, fracture + vehicle vs. sham + vehicle, n = 10 per group), and this change was exacerbated by the perioperative administration of morphine (F
(1, 216) = 71.61, P < 0.001, fracture + morphine vs. fracture + vehicle, n = 10 per group). In additional testing, injured limb weight bearing, gait, and object location memory were worse in morphine-treated fracture mice than in untreated fracture mice. Postfracture expression levels of several genes previously associated with opioid-induced hyperalgesia, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor and prodynorphin, were unchanged, but neuroinflammation involving Toll-like receptor 4 receptor–expressing microglia was observed (6.8 ± 1.5 [mean ± SD] cells per high-power field for fracture + vehicle vs. 12 ± 2.8 fracture + morphine, P < 0.001, n = 8 per /group). Treatment with a Toll-like receptor 4 antagonist TAK242 improved nociceptive sensitization for about 2 weeks in morphine-treated fracture mice (F
(1, 198) = 73.36, P < 0.001, fracture + morphine + TAK242 vs. fracture + morphine, n = 10 per group).

Conclusions
Morphine treatment beginning at the time of injury impairs nociceptive recovery and other outcomes. Measures preventing glial activation through Toll-like receptor 4 signaling may reduce the adverse consequences of postoperative opioid administration.
Low Incidence of Biphasic Allergic Reactions in Patients Admitted to Intensive Care after Anaphylaxis
Authors: Højlund Sofie , Søe-Jensen Peter , Perner Anders , Bestle Morten H. , Carl Peder , Thormar Katrin , Viggers Sandra , Elberling Sofie , Garvey Lene H. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

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What We Already Know about This Topic

What This Article Tells Us That Is New

Background
Biphasic allergic reactions—recurrence of allergy symptoms after a symptom-free period—are reported to occur in 1 to 23% of allergic reactions. Patients admitted to an intensive care unit after anaphylaxis potentially have more severe reactions and a higher risk of biphasic allergic reactions. The purpose of this study was to examine incidence, triggers, symptoms, and treatment of biphasic allergic reactions, in patients admitted to an intensive care unit.

Methods
Records of patients admitted to intensive care units with anaphylaxis from 2011 to 2014 were reviewed. Only patients with a reaction fulfilling internationally accepted criteria for anaphylaxis were included. Potential biphasic allergic reactions, defined as renewed allergy symptoms 1 to 72 h after initial symptoms had resolved, without further exposure to the trigger, were identified.

Results
A total of 83 cases of anaphylaxis were identified, and the most frequent triggers were medications (58 of 83 [70%]). Skin symptoms occurred in 69 (83%) cases, and circulatory and respiratory symptoms in 48 (58%) and 45 (54%) cases, respectively. In total, 82 (99%), 80 (96%), and 66 (80%) were treated with antihistamines, corticosteroids, and epinephrine, respectively. Only 10 patients presented with one or more relevant symptoms after the initial allergic reaction. Of these, three were possible, and one was a probable biphasic allergic reaction, giving a total incidence of 4 of 83 (4.8% [95% CI, 1.6 to 12.5]) or 1 of 83 (1.2% [95% CI, 0.1 to 7.46]), respectively. All cases were mild, presenting with skin symptoms only, occurring on average 14 h after initial reactions.

Conclusions
The authors observed a low incidence of biphasic reactions in patients admitted to an intensive care unit after anaphylaxis, at a rate equivalent to that reported in other patient groups.
Long-term Impact of Crystalloid versus Colloid Solutions on Renal Function and Disability-free Survival after Major Abdominal Surgery
Authors: Joosten Alexandre , Delaporte Amélie , Mortier Julien , Ickx Brigitte , Van Obbergh Luc , Vincent Jean-Louis , Cannesson Maxime , Rinehart Joseph , Van der Linden Philippe 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Editor’s Perspective

What We Already Know about This Topic

What This Article Tells Us That Is New

Background
The authors recently demonstrated that administration of balanced hydroxyethyl starch solution as part of intraoperative goal-directed fluid therapy was associated with better short-term outcomes than administration of a balanced crystalloid solution in patients having major open abdominal surgery. In the present study, a 1-yr follow-up of renal and disability outcomes in these patients was performed.

Methods
All patients enrolled in the earlier study were followed up 1 yr after surgery for renal function and disability using the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS). The main outcome measure was the estimated glomerular filtration rate. Other outcomes were serum creatinine, urea, pruritus, and WHODAS score. Groups were compared on a complete-case analysis basis, and modern imputation methods were then used in mixed-model regressions to assess the stability of the findings taking into account the missing data.

Results
Of the 160 patients enrolled in the original study, follow-up data were obtained for renal function in 129 and for WHODAS score in 114. There were no statistically significant differences in estimated glomerular filtration rate at 1 yr (ml min−1 1.73 m−2): 80 [65 to 92] for crystalloids versus 74 [64 to 94] for colloids; 95% CI [−10 to 7], P = 0.624. However, the WHODAS score (%) was statistically significantly lower in the colloid than in the crystalloid group (2.7 [0 to 12] vs. 7.6 [1.3 to 18]; P = 0.015), and disability-free survival was higher (79% vs. 60%; 95% CI [2 to 39]; P = 0.024).

Conclusions
In patients undergoing major open abdominal surgery, there was no evidence of a statistically significant difference in long-term renal function between a balanced hydroxyethyl starch and a balanced crystalloid solution used as part of intraoperative goal-directed fluid therapy, although there was only limited power to rule out a clinically significant difference. However, disability-free survival was significantly higher in the colloid than in the crystalloid group.
Extern Programs Promote Confidence and Reduce Anxiety With Clinical Decision Making in Nursing Students
Authors: White Krista A. , Fetter Mary E. , Ruth-Sahd Lisa A. 
Published: November 2018

Background
Clinical decision making (CDM), expected of professional nurses, affects patient outcomes but is arduous for nursing students to learn. Psychological barriers (low self-confidence [SC] and high anxiety with CDM) have an impact on its achievement. Externship programs help mitigate these barriers.

Purpose
The aim was to examine the impact of summer employment (nurse extern [NE], nursing assistant, and non–health care employed) on students' confidence and anxiety with CDM.

Methods
The study used a quasi-experimental before-and-after design using the Nursing Anxiety and Self-Confidence with Clinical Decision Making scale. Associate and baccalaureate degree students (N = 134) from 2 nursing and 2 extern programs were included.

Results
The NEs reported significantly increased SC (F = 14.02, P < .001) and reduced anxiety (F = 8.64, P < .001). Nonsignificant improvements were noted in other groups.

Conclusions
Externships appear to enhance students' SC and lessen their anxiety with CDM.
Dissecting Communication Barriers in Healthcare: A Path to Enhancing Communication Resiliency, Reliability, and Patient Safety
Authors: Guttman Oren T. , Lazzara Elizabeth H. , Keebler Joseph R. , Webster Kristen L. W. , Gisick Logan M. , Baker Anthony L. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Suboptimal exchange of information can have tragic consequences to patient’s safety and survival. To this end, the Joint Commission lists communication error among the most common attributable causes of sentinel events. The risk management literature further supports this finding, ascribing communication error as a major factor (70%) in adverse events. Despite numerous strategies to improve patient safety, which are rooted in other high reliability industries (e.g., commercial aviation and naval aviation), communication remains an adaptive challenge that has proven difficult to overcome in the sociotechnical landscape that defines healthcare. Attributing a breakdown in information exchange to simply a generic “communication error” without further specification is ineffective and a gross oversimplification of a complex phenomenon. Further dissection of the communication error using root cause analysis, a failure modes and effects analysis, or through an event reporting system is needed. Generalizing rather than categorizing is an oversimplification that clouds clear pattern recognition and thereby prevents focused interventions to improve process reliability. We propose that being more precise when describing communication error is a valid mechanism to learn from these errors. We assert that by deconstructing communication in healthcare into its elemental parts, a more effective organizational learning strategy emerges to enable more focused patient safety improvement efforts. After defining the barriers to effective communication, we then map evidence-based recovery strategies and tools specific to each barrier as a tactic to enhance the reliability and validity of information exchange within healthcare.
Impact of Donor Hepatectomy Time During Organ Procurement in Donation After Circulatory Death Liver Transplantation: The United Kingdom Experience
Authors: Farid Shahid G. , Attia Magdy S. , Vijayanand Dhakshina , Upasani Vivek , Barlow Adam D. , Willis Sean , Hidalgo Ernest , Ahmad Niaz 
Published: November 2018

Background.
No data exist to evaluate how hepatectomy time (HT), in the context of donation after cardiac death (DCD) procurement, impacts short- and long-term outcomes after liver transplantation (LT). In this study, we analyze the impact of the time from aortic perfusion to end of hepatectomy on outcomes after DCD LT in the United Kingdom.

Methods.
An analysis of 1112 DCD donor LT across all UK transplant centers between 2001 and 2015 was performed, using data from the UK Transplant Registry. Donors were all Maastricht Category III. Graft survival after transplantation was estimated using Kaplan-Meier method and logistic regression to identify risk factors for primary nonfunction (PNF) and short- and long-term graft survivals after LT.

Results.
Incidence of PNF was 4% (40) and in multivariate analysis only cold ischemia time (CIT) longer than 8 hours (hazard ratio [HR], 2.186; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.113–4.294; P = 0.023) and HT > 60 minutes (HR, 3.669; 95% CI, 1.363–9.873; P = 0.01) were correlated with PNF. Overall 90-day, 1-, 3-, and 5-year graft survivals in DCD LT were 91.2%, 86.5%, 80.9%, and 77.7% (compared with a donation after brain death cohort in the same period [n = 7221] 94%, 91%, 86.6%, and 82.6%, respectively [P < 0.001]). In multivariate analysis, the factors associated with graft survival were HT longer than 60 minutes, donor older than 45 years, CIT longer than 8 hours, and recipient previous abdominal surgery.

Conclusions.
There is a negative impact of prolonged HT on outcomes on DCD LT and although HT is 60 minutes or longer is not a contraindication for utilization, it should be part of a multifactorial assessment with established prognostic donor factors, such as age (>45 y) and CIT (>8 h) for an appropriately selected recipient.
Recent trends in Tricolored Blackbird colony size: analysis of the 2008 through 2017 Triennial Statewide Surveys
Authors: Meehan Timothy D. , Arthur Samantha , Michel Nicole L. , Wilsey Chad B. , Langham Gary M. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTTricolored blackbird (Agelaius tricolor) is a colonial breeder, largely restricted to grasslands, wetlands, and agricultural habitats of California. Tricolored blackbird abundance declined considerably during the 20th century. Recent trends have been less clear, however, hindering efforts to evaluate the conservation needs of the species. We assessed trends in tricolored blackbird colony size using the 2008, 2011, 2014, and 2017 Triennial Tricolored Blackbird Statewide Survey, a community-science effort involving hundreds of volunteer observers. After accounting for variation in observer characteristics and survey effort, we found a clear, statistically significant decline in colony size of approximately –5% per year, which translated to a decrease in colony size of approximately –40% between 2008 and 2017. To the extent that colony size is proportional to total abundance, this decline translates to a species half-life of roughly 15 years. We conclude that tricolored blackbird is in considerable need of protection and recovery efforts.
The Effect of Proportion and Degree of Resistance of CD4+ Lymphocytes on in vivo HIV dynamics
Authors: Cole Andrew O. , Mbogo Rachel W. , Luboobi Livingstone S. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractFor a disease like HIV(Human Immunodeficiency Virus) that infects 240 human beings each hour with the consequent increase in morbidity and mortality, a cure would be very welcome news. In order for this to happen, the true in vivo dynamics of transmission must be understood. Mathematical modelling and computational prowess have made it possible to convert large sets of data into easily analyzed and interpreted information with an amazing potential to change lives. In this paper, we explored the use of biomathematical modeling with computation in the dynamic changes resulting from HIV infection of CD4+(Cluster of differentiation 4) lymphocytes. This model is designed to simulate the in vivo dynamics of the proportion and degree of CD4+ lymphocyte resistance. Our results show that the degree of intrinsic CD4+resistance against the acquisition of HIV is more important than the proportion of resistant CD4+lymphocytes in vivo. Genetic determinants of resistance are postulated to be the backbone of development of intrinsic resistance. This work may serve as serve as a blueprint on how to use biomathematical modeling to tackle other infectious diseases. The findings of this work will be the basis of enthusiastic research to finally realize definitive control of HIV.
A key role for UV sex chromosomes in the regulation of parthenogenesis in the brown algaEctocarpus
Authors: Mignerot Laure , Avia Komlan , Luthringer Remy , Lipinska Agnieszka P. , Peters Akira F. , Cock J. Mark , Coelho Susana M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAlthough evolutionary transitions from sexual to asexual reproduction are frequent in eukaryotes, the genetic bases of these shifts remain largely elusive. Here, we used classic quantitative trait analysis, combined with genomic and transcriptomic information to dissect the genetic basis of asexual, parthenogenetic reproduction in the brown algaEctocarpus. We found that parthenogenesis is controlled by the sex locus, together with two additional autosomal loci, highlight the key role of the sex chromosome as a major regulator of asexual reproduction. Importantly, we identify several negative effects of parthenogenesis on male fitness, but also different fitness effects between parthenogenesis and life cycle generations, supporting the idea that parthenogenesis may be under both sexual selection and generation/ploidally-antagonistic selection. Overall, our data provide the first empirical illustration, to our knowledge, of a trade-off between the haploid and diploid stages of the life cycle, where distinct parthenogenesis alleles have opposing effects on sexual and asexual reproduction and may contribute to the maintenance of genetic variation. These types of fitness trade-offs have profound evolutionary implications in natural populations and may structure life history evolution in organisms with haploid-diploid life cycles.
The orexin-1 receptor antagonist SB-334867 reduces motivation, but not inhibitory control, in a rat stop signal task
Authors: Wiskerke Joost , James Morgan H. , Aston-Jones Gary 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThere is considerable clinical interest in the neuropeptide orexin/hypocretin for its ability to regulate motivation and reward as well as arousal and wakefulness. For instance, antagonists for the orexin-1 receptor (OxR1) are thought to hold great promise for treating drug addiction and disorders associated with overeating, as these compounds repeatedly have been found to suppress seeking of various drugs of abuse as well as highly palatable foods in preclinical models. Given the hypothesized role of OxR1 signaling in cue-driven motivation, an outstanding question is whether pharmacologically blocking this receptor affects cognitive functioning. Response inhibition – the ability to cancel ongoing behavior – is one aspect of cognitive control that may be particularly relevant. Response inhibition deficits are commonly associated with a range of psychiatric disorders and neurological diseases, including substance use disorders and obesity. Moreover, OxR1 signaling recently has been implicated in waiting impulsivity, another aspect of inhibitory control. Here, we investigated the effects of the OxR1 antagonist SB-334867 on response inhibition in a rat version of the stop signal reaction time task. Results show that acutely blocking OxR1 had minimal effects on response inhibition or attentional functioning. In contrast, this manipulation reduced motivation to perform the task and earn food rewards. These results add to the growing body of literature implicating OxR1 in the regulation of motivation and suggest that effects of pharmacological compounds such as SB-334867 on drug seeking behavior are not related to effects on response inhibition.HighlightsOrexin-1 receptor antagonists hold great promise for treatment of drug addictionThese compounds are thought to reduce motivation for drug seekingLess is known about effects of orexin-1 receptor blockade on cognitive functioningWe tested the orexin-1 receptor antagonist SB-334867 in a rat stop signal taskSB-334867 reduced task motivation but had little effect on executive control as measured with response inhibition
Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis in mice induced by active immunization with conformationally-stabilized holoreceptors
Authors: Jones Brian E. , Tovar Kenneth R , Goehring April , Okada Nana J. , Gouaux Eric , Westbrook Gary L. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAutoimmunity to membrane proteins in the central nervous system has been increasingly recognized as a cause of neuropsychiatric disease. A key recent development was the discovery of antibodies to NMDA receptors in limbic encephalitis, characterized by cognitive changes, memory loss, seizures and sometimes long-term morbidity or mortality. Treatment approaches and experimental studies have largely focused on the pathogenic role of these autoantibodies. Passive antibody transfer to mice has provided useful insights, but does not produce the full spectrum of the human disease. Here we describe ade novoautoimmune mouse model of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. Active immunization of immune competent mice with conformationally-stabilized, native-like NMDA receptors induced a fulminant encephalitis that was strikingly similar to the behavioral and pathologic characteristics of human cases. Our results provide evidence of neuroinflammation and immune cell infiltration as early and robust features of the autoimmune response. Use of transgenic mice indicated that mature T cells as well as antibody-producing cells were required for disease induction. Our results provide new insights into disease pathogenesis as well as a platform for testing mechanisms of disease initiation and therapeutic approaches.One Sentence SummaryWe report an active immunization model of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis in mice that recapitulates the features of the clinical disease, provides new insights into the pathophysiology, and offers a platform for investigation of new therapeutic interventions.
Unbiased genome-scale identification ofcis-regulatory modules in the human genome by GRAMc
Authors: Guay Catherine L. , Nam Jongmin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAlthough significant advances have been made toward functionally identifying human regulatory elements, existing genome-scale reporter methods preferentially detect either enhancers or promoters. Here we develop GRAMc, a highly reproducible unbiased Genome-scale Reporter Assay Method forcis-regulatory modules (CRMs). GRAMc combines the versatility of traditional reporter constructs and the scalability of DNA barcode reporters, and unites the complementary advantages of several currently available high-throughput reporter assays. We demonstrate that GRAMc can reliably measurecis-regulatory activity of nearly 90% of the human genome in 200 million HepG2 cells with randomly fragmented ~800bp inserts. By using the GRAMc-identified CRMs, we show that CRMs identified in one cell type are useful for predicting gene regulatory programs not only within that cell type but also between cell types or conditions separated in time and space. In addition, the GRAMc-identified CRMs support the hypothesis that SINE/Alu elements are rich sources of regulatory evolution. Finally, the observation that the majority of experimentally identified regulatory elements do not overlap with computationally predicted elements underscores the necessity of an efficient and unbiased genome-scale reporter assay.
Gender in management: differences in male and female evaluations in leadership
Authors: Dutton Kelly 
Published: November 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies.

Design/methodology/approach
This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context.

Findings
Gender equality is increasing; however, in the higher management levels of organizations, there persists a bias toward male management. Investigating how bosses and peers rated managers showed that males provide lower job evaluations than females, regardless of sex, but at the same time, male peers provided higher ratings toward their own gender. Bosses were indifferent to gender in their ratings. Affecting the evaluation could be factors of social homophily and interpersonal familiarity. Lower performance ratings and a gender bias could hold back female career progression and create an overall atmosphere of gender perception within the workplace.

Practical implications
The paper provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world’s leading organizations.

Originality/value
The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.