bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antiglycation and Fatty Acids Profiling in Response to Phyocyanin Extracted from Chlorophyta Ulva lactuca Algae Loaded on Albumin Nano-particles (ULANP) in Diabetic Rats
Authors: L. Al-Malki Abdulrahman , Barbour Elie K. , Balamash Khadijah S. , Alshubaily Fawzia A. , Abualnaja Khalid O. , Abdulaal Wesam H. , Zeyadi Mustafa A. , Al-Zahrani Maryam H. , Kumosani Taha A. , Moselhy Said S. 
Published: April 2019

Aim: This study evaluated the effect of Phyocyanin extracted from Chlorophyta Ulva lactuca algae loaded on albumin nano-particles (ULANP) on diabetic rats.
Materials and Methods: Fifty albino rats were divided into 5 goups. GPI: control and GPII: rats were injected with alloxan (75 mg /kg) i.p for six consecutive days for induction of diabetes. This group was subdivided into 4 subgroups: GP IIa: (Untreated diabetic): GP IIb: rats were given with ULANP (100 mg/kg).GP IIc: Rats were given ULANP (200 mg/kg) i.p. GP IId: Rats were given insulin (100 unit/ day). Serum NO, interleukin-6 glucose, AGEs and fatty acids profile was determined.
Results: Analysis of ULANP by FTIR showed the characteristic band (2100 cm-1~ 3700 cm-1) that is indicated mainly from -COO, – CO and conjugated double bond. These bonds showed spectral bands peak 2985 cm-1 and 2860 cm-1, 2986 cm-1. Administration of ULANP in diabetic rats exerted an anti-inflammatory by lowering NO and IL-6 levels and hypoglycemic effects by decreased glucose and reduced AGEs levels. In addition, ULAPN lowered percent of saturated fatty acids while elevated unsaturated fatty acids percent.
Conclusion: It was concluded that, ULAPN is a promising effective anti-inflammatory and hypoglycemic agent compared with other therapeutic agents with lower site effects.
Colorful Metahologram with Independently Controlled Images in Transmission and Reflection Spaces
Authors: Zhang Xiaohu , Pu Mingbo , Guo Yinghui , Jin Jinjin , Li Xiong , Ma Xiaoliang , Luo Jun , Wang Changtao , Luo Xiangang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBenefiting from the excellent properties of manipulating electromagnetic waves at subwavelength scale, metasurfaces are widely used to realize metaholograms with a large viewing angle or diffraction angle. However, all previously reported holograms just utilize transmission (or reflection) space while the corresponding reflection (or transmission) space is abandoned. In this paper, combining the off‐axis illumination method and polarization dependence of geometric‐phase‐based metasurfaces, a scheme is proposed to realize colorful metaholograms with independently controlled holographic images in both the transmission and reflection spaces. With this method, the usable data capacity and imaging region are greatly expanded. As far as it is known, it is the first time that independently controlled color holographic images in both the transmission and reflection spaces using metasurfaces is demonstrated. This approach has promising applications in real 360° holographic image, multifunctional optical device, multicolor display, etc.
Radial X‐Ray Diffraction Study of Superhard Early Transition Metal Dodecaborides under High Pressure
Authors: Lei Jialin , Akopov Georgiy , Yeung Michael T. , Yan Jinyuan , Kaner Richard B. , Tolbert Sarah H. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe deformation behavior of the three metal dodecaborides (YB12, ZrB12, and Zr0.5Y0.5B12) is investigated using radial X‐ray diffraction under nonhydrostatic compression up to ≈60 GPa with a goal of understanding how bonding and metal composition control hardness. Zr0.5Y0.5B12, which has the highest Vickers hardness (Hv = 45.8 ± 1.3 GPa at 0.49 N load), also shows the highest bulk modulus (K0 = 320 ± 5 GPa). The 0.49 N hardness for ZrB12 and YB12 are both lower and very similar, and both show lower bulk moduli (K0 = 276 ± 7 GPa, and K0 = 238 ± 6 GPa, respectively). Differential stress is then measured to study the strength and strength anisotropy. Zr0.5Y0.5B12 supports the highest differential stress, in agreement with its high hardness, a fact that likely arises from atomic size mismatch between Zr and Y combined with the rigid network of boron cages. The (200) plane for all samples supports the largest differential strain, while the (111) plane supports the smallest, consistent with the theoretically predicted slip system of {111} [  ]. Strain softening is also observed for ZrB12. Finally, the full elastic stiffness tensors for ZrB12 and YB12 are solved. ZrB12 is the most isotropic, but the extent of elastic anisotropy for all dodecaborides studied is relatively low due to the highly symmetric boron cage network.
Piezoelectric Nanotopography Induced Neuron‐Like Differentiation of Stem Cells
Authors: Zhang Xiaodi , Cui Xin , Wang Diancan , Wang Shu , Liu Zhirong , Zhao Gengrui , Zhang Yan , Li Zhou , Wang Zhong Lin , Li Linlin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe biophysical characteristics of the extracellular matrix, such as nanotopography and bioelectricity, have a profound influence on cell proliferation, adhesion, differentiation, etc. Recognition of the function of a certain biophysical cue and fabrication of biomaterial scaffolds with specific properties would have important implications and significant applications in tissue engineering. Herein, nanotopographic and piezoelectric biomaterials are fabricated and the combination effect of and individual contribution to proliferation, adhesion, and neuron‐like differentiation of rat bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (rbMSCs) are clarified via nanotopography and piezoelectricity. Piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride with nanostripe array structures is fabricated, which can generate a surface piezoelectric potential up to millivolt by cell movement and traction. The results reveal a more favorable effect on neuron‐like differentiation of rbMSCs from the combination of piezoelectricity and nanotopography rather than nanotopography alone, whereas nanotopography can increase cellular adhesion. This research provides a new insight into designing biomaterials for the potential application in neural tissue engineering.
Automated, Ultra‐Fast Laser‐Drilling of Nanometer Scale Pores and Nanopore Arrays in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Gilboa Tal , Zvuloni Eran , Zrehen Adam , Squires Allison H. , Meller Amit 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe ability to quickly and reliably fabricate nanoscale pore arrays in ultra‐thin membranes such as silicon nitride (SixN) is extremely important for the growing field of nanopore biosensing. Laser‐based etching of thin SixN membranes immersed in aqueous solutions has recently been demonstrated as a method to produce stable functional pores. Herein, the principal mechanism governing material etching and pore formation using light is investigated. It is found that the process is extremely sensitive to the relative content of Si over N atoms in the amorphous membrane, produced by chemical vapor deposition. Commonly, SixN membranes are made to be Si‐rich to increase their mechanical stability, which substantially reduces the material's bandgap and increases the density of Si‐dangling bonds. Hence, even minimal batch‐to‐batch variation may lead to remarkably different etch rates. It is shown that higher Si content results in orders of magnitude faster etching rates. This rate is further accelerated in an alkaline environment allowing on‐demand controlled nanopore formation in about 10 s time even at low laser radiation intensities. These results highlight that photoactivation of the SixN by the incident beam is critical to the chemical etching process and can be used to readily produce nanopore arrays at any specific location.
Unconventional Nanofabrication for Supramolecular Electronics
Authors: Yao Yifan , Zhang Lei , Orgiu Emanuele , Samorì Paolo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe scientific effort toward achieving a full control over the correlation between structure and function in organic and polymer electronics has prompted the use of supramolecular interactions to drive the formation of highly ordered functional assemblies, which have been integrated into real devices. In the resulting field of supramolecular electronics, self‐assembly of organic semiconducting materials constitutes a powerful tool to generate low‐dimensional and crystalline functional architectures. These include 1D nanostructures (nanoribbons, nanotubes, and nanowires) and 2D molecular crystals with tuneable and unique optical, electronic, and mechanical properties. Optimizing the (opto)electronic properties of organic semiconducting materials is imperative to harness such supramolecular structures as active components for supramolecular electronics. However, their integration in real devices currently represents a significant challenge to the advancement of (opto)electronics. Here, an overview of the unconventional nanofabrication techniques and device configurations to enable supramolecular electronics to become a real technology is provided. A particular focus is put on how single and multiple supramolecular fibers and gels as well as supramolecularly engineered 2D materials can be integrated into novel vertical or horizontal junctions to realize flexible and high‐density multifunctional transistors, photodetectors, and memristors, exhibiting a set of new properties and excelling in their performances.
A Threshold Switching Selector Based on Highly Ordered Ag Nanodots for X‐Point Memory Applications
Authors: Hua Qilin , Wu Huaqiang , Gao Bin , Zhao Meiran , Li Yujia , Li Xinyi , Hou Xiang , (Marvin) Chang Meng‐Fan , Zhou Peng , Qian He 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLeakage interference between memory cells is the primary obstacle for enlarging X‐point memory arrays. Metal‐filament threshold switches, possessing excellent selectivity and low leakage current, are developed in series with memory cells to reduce sneak path current and lower power consumption. However, these selectors typically have limited on‐state currents (≤10 µA), which are insufficient for memory RESET operations. Here, a strategy is proposed to achieve sufficiently large RESET current (≈2.3 mA) by introducing highly ordered Ag nanodots to the threshold switch. Compared to the Ag thin film case, Ag nanodots as active electrode could avoid excessive Ag atoms migration into solid electrolyte during operations, which causes stable conductive filament growth. Furthermore, Ag nanodots with rapid thermal processing contribute to forming multiple weak Ag filaments at a lower voltage and then spontaneous rupture as the applied voltage reduced, according to quantized conductance and simulation analysis. Impressively, the Ag nanodots based threshold switch, which is bidirectional and truly electroforming‐free, demonstrates extremely high selectivity >109, ultralow leakage current <1 pA, very steep slope of 0.65 mV dec−1, and good thermal stability up to 200 °C, and further represents significant suppression of leakage currents and excellent performances for SET/RESET operations in the one‐selector‐one‐resistor configuration.
Flexible Platinum(0) Coordination to a Ditungsten Ethanediylidyne
Authors: Frogley Benjamin J. , Hill Anthony F. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe lithiocarbyne [W(≡CLi)(CO)2(Tp*)] (Tp*=hydrotris(3,5‐dimethylpyrazol‐1‐yl)borate) reacts with [PtCl2(L2)] (L2=1,5‐cyclo‐octadiene, norbornadiene) to furnish ditungsten ethanediylidyne complexes, [W2{μ‐C2Pt(L2)}(CO)4(Tp*)2], wherein a trigonal platinum(0) center unsymmetrically ligates one W≡C bond in the solid state but rapidly shimmies between the two W≡C bonds in solution. The η4‐dienes are displaced by monodentate CO or isocyanide ligands to provide derivatives where both W≡C bonds coordinate to a single Pt0 center, attended by significant distortion of the WCCW spine.
Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Hydrofluorination of Enals by N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis
Authors: Wang Leming , Jiang Xinhang , Chen Jiean , Huang Yong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn contrast to well‐established asymmetric hydrogenation reactions, enantioselective protonation is an orthogonal approach for creating highly valuable methine chiral centers under redox‐neutral conditions. Reported here is the highly enantio‐ and diastereoselective hydrofluorination of enals by an asymmetric β‐protonation/α‐fluorination cascade catalyzed by N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs). The two nucleophilic sites of a homoenolate intermediate, generated from enals and an NHC, are sequentially protonated and fluorinated. The results show that controlling the relative rates of protonation, fluorination, and esterification is crucial for this transformation, and can be accomplished using a dual shuttling strategy. Structurally diverse carboxylic acid derivatives with two contiguous chiral centers are prepared in a single step with excellent d.r. and ee values.
N‐heterocyclic carbene–palladium complexes for Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction with benzyl chloride and aromatic boronic acid leading to diarylmethanes
Authors: Chen Ming‐Tsz , Wang Wan‐Rong , Li Yi‐Jun 
Published: April 2019

A family of N‐heterocyclic carbene–palladium(II)–N,N‐dimethylbenzylamine complexes ((NHC)LPdCl2; L = N,N‐dimethylbenzylamine) were synthesized as well as characterized using single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and spectroscopic data. These complexes exhibited higher catalytic activities for the Suzuki reaction of benzyl chlorides to afford diarylmethanes under milder conditions than other efficient (NHC)LPdCl2 complexes. Using the optimum conditions, the expected coupling products were obtained in moderate to high yields. All reactions were carried out in air and all starting materials were used as supplied without purification.
Advances in the Organocatalytic Asymmetric Mannich Reaction of Six‐Membered Unsaturated Heterocycles: Methodology and Application
Authors: Cheng Dao‐Juan , Shao You‐Dong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe organocatalytic asymmetric Mannich reaction has always been an area of active interest in the community of chemistry. The Mannich products, optically active β‐amino−carbonyl compounds, can be used as important intermediates for biologically active molecules. Compared with the well‐researched acyclic imines, the organocatalytic asymmetric Mannich reactions of cyclic unsaturated substrates have been on the rise in recent years, which provide an exciting platform for the construction of various enantioenriched nitrogen‐containing polyheterocycles. In this minireview, we will summarize the advances in the field of organocatalytic asymmetric Mannich and related reactions, including decarboxylative Mannich reactions and Mannich involved cascade processes of six‐membered unsaturated heterocycles, and their applications in the synthesis of natural products and pharmaceuticals.
Nature, Mechanisms and Reactivity of Electrogenerated Reactive Species at Thin‐Film Boron‐Doped Diamond (BDD) Electrodes During Electrochemical Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Ganiyu Soliu O. , Martínez‐Huitle Carlos A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractElectrooxidation of hazardous organic pollutants contaminating wastewater using thin‐film boron‐doped diamond (BDD) electrodes is an efficient and well‐studied treatment technique. In this review, the three main reactive species, namely: reactive oxygen, chlorine and sulfate species, which can be electrogenerated and then participate in the oxidation processes during electrooxidative wastewater treatment using BDD electrodes, are discussed. The main factors affecting the nature and quantity of the electrogenerated reactive species, specifically the composition of the BDD electrode (doping level and sp3/sp2 ratio) and the operating parameters (working current density and composition of water matrix been electrolyzed) were explained with relative examples. Extensive discussion on mode and reactivity of the three reactive species with organic pollutants during electrooxidation was provided and the future perspectives and direction of research on reactive species generated on BDD electrodes were also discussed.
An Electrochemical Cinnamyl C—H Amination Reaction Using Carbonyl Sulfamate
Authors: Liu Shuai , Li Jin , Wang Dalin , Liu Feng , Liu Xu , Gao Yongyuan , Jie Dai , Cheng Xu 
Published: April 2019

Summary of main observation and conclusionAn electrochemical cinnamyl C—H amination reaction in the absence of transition metal catalyst and oxidant was reported. The choice of carbonyl sulfamate as nitrogen source is the key to achieve desired chemoselectivity. A series of terminal amine derivatives are prepared using this protocol and the sulfonyl group can be removed with basic hydrolysis. The reaction is suggested to proceed via a continuous anodic oxidation, deprotonation, anodic oxidation, and intermolecular nucleophilic addition pathway, demonstrating the first example of electrochemical cinnamyl C—H amination.
Noble‐Metal Nanostructures as Highly Efficient Peroxidase Mimics
Authors: Ye Haihang , Xi Zheng , Magloire Kuryn , Xia Xiaohu 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNoble‐metal nanostructures have emerged as a category of efficient and versatile peroxidase mimics in recent years. Enhancing their peroxidase‐like activities is essential to the realization of certain applications. In this review, we focus on how to engineer noble‐metal nanostructures with enhanced peroxidase‐like activities. The article is organized by introducing the impacts of surface capping ligands, particle size, shape, elemental composition, and internal structure as key parameters for the peroxidase‐like activity of noble‐metal nanostructures. Emphasis is given to the controlled synthesis of nanostructures and their peroxidase‐like catalytic efficiencies. At the end, we provide a perspective on future developments in the research relevant to peroxidase mimics of noble metals.
Targeted Transcriptional Activation in Plants Using a Potent Dead Cas9–Derived Synthetic Gene Activator
Authors: Li Zhenxiang , Wang Fengzhu , Li Jian‐Feng 
Published: April 2019

AbstractGenetic tools for specific perturbation of endogenous gene expression are highly desirable for interrogation of plant gene functions and improvement of crop traits. Synthetic transcriptional activators derived from the CRISPR/Cas9 system are emerging as powerful new tools for activating the endogenous expression of genes of interest in plants. These synthetic constructs, generated by tethering transcriptional activation domains to a nuclease‐dead Cas9 (dCas9), can be directed to the promoters of endogenous target genes by single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) to activate transcription. Here, we provide a detailed protocol for targeted transcriptional activation in plants using a recently developed, highly potent dCas9 gene activator construct referred to as dCas9‐TV. This protocol covers selection of sgRNA targets, construction of sgRNA expression cassettes, and screening for an optimal sgRNA using a protoplast‐based promoter‐luciferase assay. Finally, the dCas9‐TV gene activator coupled with the optimal sgRNA is delivered into plants via Agrobacterium‐mediated transformation, thereby enabling robust upregulation of target gene expression in transgenic Arabidopsis and rice plants. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A comprehensive review on the determination of enzymatic assay and nonenzymatic antioxidant activities
Authors: Haida Zainol , Hakiman Mansor 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis review article presents a comprehensive review pertaining to antioxidants and various assays that determined enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants. Antioxidants have gained attention at the global scale on its prominent beneficial roles that can fight against many chronic infirmities, including cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Many studies have investigated different types of samples, such as medicinal plants, fruits, and vegetables, by using various antioxidant assays. Antioxidants can be grouped into enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants. To date, most studies had looked into nonenzymatic antioxidants due to lack of references on enzymatic antioxidant assays. Therefore, this review article depicts on seven assays of enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, ascorbate oxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, and glutathione reductase) and fifteen activities of nonenzymatic antioxidants (total polyphenol, total phenolic acids, total flavonoids, total ascorbic acid, anthocyanin content, DPPH scavenging activity, FRAP assay, hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity, nitric oxide scavenging activity, superoxide radical scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, phosphomolybdate assay, reducing power, metal ion chelating activity, and β‐carotene), which are described in detail to ease further investigations on antioxidants in future.
Zircon U–Pb geochronology, Hf isotopes, and whole‐rock geochemistry of Hongshuihe Early to Middle Triassic quartz diorites and granites in the Eastern Kunlun Orogen, NW China: Implication for petrogenesis and geodynamics
Authors: Song Kai , Ding Qing‐Feng , Zhang Qiang , Cheng Long , Han Yu , Liu Fei 
Published: April 2019

The Hongshuihe area of Eastern Kunlun Orogen is well‐known for the BIF‐type deposits. Some widespread intrusive rocks in the northern Hongshuihe area were previously thought to be emplaced in the Hercynian. This article presents LA‐ICP‐MS zircon U–Pb ages, with LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS in situ Hf isotopes and major and trace element data for quartz diorites and granites of the Hongshuihe pluton. Two samples from the Hongshuihe quartz diorite and granite yielded a weighted mean zircon U–Pb age of 244 ± 2 Ma (Anisian) and 246 ± 1 Ma (Olenekian), respectively. The Hongshuihe subalkaline quartz diorite is metaluminous with the alumina saturation index values of 0.93–1.00, and high SiO2 contents of 59.67–65.51 wt.%, low Y values of 11.1–16.7 ppm, and low HREE (Yb = 1.08–1.83 ppm) that collectively suggest high‐SiO2 adakite‐like rocks. The Hongshuihe granites have slightly high alkali contents of 7.04–8.12 wt.%, alumina saturation index values of 1.01–1.03, low (Zr + Nb + Ce + Y) contents of 315.30–455.50 ppm, and high Fe2O3T/MgO ratios of 4.03–5.16, indicating fractionated I‐type normal island arc magma. The zircon εHf(t) values from −4.0 to −1.1 for the Hongshuihe quartz diorite sample and values from −2.4 to +1.7 for the granite sample correspond to partial melting of Mesoproterozoic thickened lower crust and partial melting of juvenile mantle‐derived mafic lower crust, respectively. We conclude that during the Early–Middle Triassic, the Eastern Kunlun area underwent a tectonic setting of the northward subduction of the Palaeo‐Tethys oceanic slabs.
The cingulum and cingulate U‐fibers in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Hau Janice , Aljawad Saba , Baggett Nicole , Fishman Inna , Carper Ruth A. , Müller Ralph‐Axel 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe cingulum is the major fiber system connecting the cingulate and surrounding medial cortex and medial temporal lobe internally and with other brain areas. It is important for social and emotional functions related to core symptomatology in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). While the cingulum has been examined in autism, the extensive system of cingulate U‐fibers has not been studied. Using probabilistic tractography, we investigated white matter fibers of the cingulate cortex by distinguishing its deep intra‐cingulate bundle (cingulum proper) and short rostral anterior, caudal anterior, posterior, and isthmus cingulate U‐fibers in 61 ASD and 54 typically developing children and adolescents. Increased mean and radial diffusivity of the left cingulum proper was observed in the ASD group, replicating previous findings on the cingulum. For cingulate U‐fibers, an atypical age‐related decline in right posterior cingulate U‐fiber volume was found in the ASD group, which appeared to be driven by an abnormally large volume in younger children. History of repetitive and restrictive behavior was negatively associated with right caudal anterior cingulate U‐fiber volume, linking cingulate motor areas with neighboring gyri. Aberrant development in U‐fiber volume of the right posterior cingulate gyrus may underlie functional abnormalities found in this region, such as in the default mode network.