bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stand und Perspektiven der Nutzung von MEI in der Musikwissenschaft und in Bibliotheken
Authors: Veit Joachim , Richts Kristina 
Published: June 2018

Zusammenfassung
Ausgehend von einer Darstellung der (an TEI angelehnten) Entwicklung von MEI werden die Forschungsperspektiven des Einsatzes dieses für wissenschaftliche Zwecke geschaffenen Formats und speziell das Potential seines umfangreichen Header-Bereichs beschrieben. Am Beispiel der Rolle von Faksimiles in Editionen wird deutlich, wie dieses Format zu einer neuen Zusammenarbeit von Wissenschaft und Bibliotheken beitragen kann.
The letters of Casa Ricordi
Authors: Rebulla Patrizia , Ledda Pierluigi , Müller Helen 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The Archivio Storico Ricordi holds the historical records of one of the most important music publisher of all times. For almost two hundred years, beyond their main business as music publishers, the Ricordis were also impresarios, agents, and cultural organisers, and played a central and unique mediating role within Italian musical life. This role is very well documented by some 30,000 autograph letters addressed to Casa Ricordi by composers, writers, librettists, singers, and conductors, and an impressive and neatly ordered collection of around 600,000 sent letters. The whole collection will be published online bit by bit. The goal of the project is to connect the letters not only with the relevant records of the Ricordi archive (ledgers, contracts, stage designs, scores, pictures...), but also with other music archives over the web.
Digitizing Sound Archives at Royal Library of Belgium
Authors: Lemmers Frédéric 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Music in general and recorded music in particular are rarely a priority for libraries’ digitization policies, although wax cylinders and 78rpm discs might be digitized for preservation and accessibility reasons. The respect of the original recording technique during the digitization process will ensure the scientific and artistic credibility of the digitized sources. The Royal Library of Belgium started in 2016 the digitization of its whole collection of 78rpm. Realized by subcontracting, this project of about 4,000 hours will constitute a large corpus of sources for the digital musicology upcoming needs.
Die Unwahrscheinlichkeit von Wissenstradition und die Beharrlichkeit der Bibliothek
Authors: Ernst Wolfgang 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungMit dem Wandel der Leitmedien von der Buchform zur Zeitform ändert sich der Auftrag der Bibliothek oder lässt diesen zumindest deutlicher erscheinen: Sie hat ihre Rolle im kybernetischen Denken der Wissenszirkulation zu aktualisieren als Zeitkanal zwischen materieller Entropie und ordnungsbewahrender Negentropie. Zwar ist der Hypertext eine aktuelle Alternative zum raumbezogenen Gedächtnis und eröffnet neue Optionen der Wissensnavigation, doch angesichts der Zerstreuung in Netzarchitekturen bedarf es der Bibliothek, um dem Verlust der Nachhaltigkeit von Online-Wissen katechontisch (verzögernd) entgegenzuwirken.
Do We Need a New Approach to Library and Information Science?
Authors: Audunson Ragnar Andreas 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This article analyses the pressure against librarianship and library and information science stemming from digitization and the increased importance attached to libraries’ role as meeting places and arenas for the public sphere. Both these developmental tendencies make many question the need of librarians as intermediaries between users and the sources of information. The navigating and searching for information in a digital world when the world itself has become a library, is far from trivial and the traditional competencies of librarians relating to searching for and finding information is as relevant as ever. LIS schools should also provide their students with theoretical tools helping them reflect upon the role and potential of libraries in relation to the challenges to upholding a sustainable public sphere in a digital and multicultural age. LIS schools should also convey to their students the historical continuity and legacy of libraries as a public sphere institution.
Warum brauchen wir eine (neue) Bibliothekswissenschaft?
Authors: Hobohm Hans-Christoph 
Published: June 2018

Zusammenfassung
Die Medienschwelle, an der wir uns befinden, stellt viele Institutionen infrage. Nicht aber die Bibliothek, wie viele äußerst erfolgreiche neue Bibliotheksprojekte (ÖB und WB) belegen. Der Themenschwerpunkt lässt (auch anlässlich der Next Library Conference in Berlin im September 2018) unterschiedliche Wissenschaftler zu Wort kommen, die dafür plädieren, sich auch wissenschaftlich mit dem Phänomen Bibliothek (wieder) zu befassen, um besser zu verstehen, wie ihre Potentiale den digitalen Wandel positiv begleiten können.
Real-scale comparison between simple and composite raw sewage sampling
Authors: Sergio Scalize Paulo , Moraes Frazão Juliana 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The present study performed a qualitative and quantitative characterization of the raw sewage collected at the entrance of the sewage treatment station of the city of Itumbiara, state of Goiás. Samples were collected every two hours over a period of seven consecutive days. Characterization of both point samples and composite samples was performed. The parameters analyzed were: temperature, pH, alkalinity, chemical oxygen demand, oil and grease, electric conductivity, total phosphorus, settleable solids, ammoniacal nitrogen, total suspended solids, volatile suspended solids, fixed suspended solids and turbidity. These results allowed us to verify that it is possible to perform the collection and analysis of a point sample, instead of a composite sample, as a way of monitoring the efficiency of a sewage treatment plant.
Effects of K2CO3 Addition on Inclusions in High-Carbon Steel for Saw Wire
Authors: Chen Liangjun , Chen Weiqing , Hu Yang , Chen Zhaoping , Xu Yingtie , Yan Wei 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
In order to avoid the formation of crack initiation sites, inclusions in high-carbon steel for saw wire are strictly required to have excellent deformability. However, it is hard to achieve this goal with only conventional inclusion softening art, such as Si-Mn deoxidation and low basicity top slag refining. Therefore, a new method should be put forward to enhance the deformability of inclusions. Low melting temperature inclusions are widely considered to have good deformability, hence, adding K (potassium) into inclusions may become a potential new method to better enhance the deformability of inclusions due to the pronounced effect of K2O on lowering the melting temperature of inclusions. In the present study, the influences of Fe/K2CO3 (weight ratio), K2CO3 addition amount and reaction time on inclusions were investigated by using a graphite tube resistance furnace. Through this study, a solution to adding K into inclusions effectively by K2CO3 addition was developed and the melting temperature of inclusions was significantly reduced. In addition, the reaction mechanism between K2CO3/slag/steel/inclusion was deduced and the relation between deformability and crystallinity of inclusions was also briefly discussed.
Application of Finite-Time and Control Thermodynamics to Biological Processes at Multiple Scales
Authors: Roach Ty N. F. , Salamon Peter , Nulton James , Andresen Bjarne , Felts Ben , Haas Andreas , Calhoun Sandi , Robinett Nathan , Rohwer Forest 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAn overall synthesis of biology and non-equilibrium thermodynamics remains a challenge at the interface between the physical and life sciences. Herein, theorems from finite-time and control thermodynamics are applied to biological processes to indicate which biological strategies will succeed over different time scales. In general, living systems maximize power at the expense of efficiency during the early stages of their development while proceeding at slower rates to maximize efficiency over longer time scales. The exact combination of yield and power depends upon the constraints on the system, the degrees of freedom in question, and the time scales of the processes. It is emphasized that biological processes are not driven by entropy production but, rather, by informed exergy flow. The entropy production is the generalized friction that is minimized insofar as the constraints allow. Theorems concerning thermodynamic path length and entropy production show that there is a direct tradeoff between the efficiency of a process and the process rate. To quantify this tradeoff, the concepts of compensated heat and waste heat are introduced. Compensated heat is the exergy dissipated, which is necessary for a process to satisfy constraints. Conversely, waste heat is exergy that is dissipated as heat, but does not provide a compensatory increase in rate or other improvement. We hypothesize that it is waste heat that is minimized through natural selection. This can be seen in the strategies employed at several temporal and spatial scales, including organismal development, ecological succession, and long-term evolution. Better understanding the roles of compensated heat and waste heat in biological processes will provide novel insight into the underlying thermodynamic mechanisms involved in metabolism, ecology, and evolution.
Information Literacy in the Age of Machines that Learn: Desiderata for Machines that Teach
Authors: Smith Catherine L. , Matteson Miriam L. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
With the use of machine learning and other advances, modern information search systems make it easy for searchers to access information to meet their most frequent information needs. Building from Kuhlthau’s concepts of exploration and differentiating, this article argues that along with the benefits of greater accessibility, these advances impede the development of information literacy, conceptualized as processes for planning, accessing, judging and communicating information. It is argued that information literacy emerges during interaction with search systems and modern system designs hide or render unworkable the contextual information needed for the judgment processes of information literacy. In response to these concerns, the article contributes desiderata for new designs that facilitate the discovery, navigation and use of context information.
Influence of Access to HIV/AIDS Information on the Knowledge of Federal University Undergraduates in Nigeria
Authors: Mofoluwaso Bankole Olubanke , Abioye Abiola 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Information and knowledge are the foremost tools in fighting the scourge of HIV/AIDS. Previous studies have focused more on HIV/AIDS and Nigerian undergraduates’ attitudes, beliefs and protective practices than how information factors influence their knowledge of the pandemic. This study, therefore, investigated the influence of access to HIV/AIDS information on its knowledge among undergraduates of federal universities in Nigeria. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design, with a combination of the purposive, proportionate and stratified random sampling technique used to select 1,679 undergraduates from five universities across five geopolitical zones of Nigeria. Questionnaire was the instrument used for collecting data, which were analyzed using Pearson’s product moment correlation and multiple regression. The most accessible sources of HIV/AIDS information among undergraduates were television (94.5 %), radio (93.0 %) and the Internet/ICT centers (90.5 %). The types of HIV/AIDS information frequently assessed were information on how to refuse sex (Mean=3.15), how to be faithful to one partner (Mean=3.12), sharing of sharp objects (Mean=3.12), blood transfusion (Mean=3.11), unprotected sexual intercourse (Mean=3.10) and how to use condoms correctly (Mean=3.09). Access to HIV/AIDS information (r=0.15) resulted in positive significant relationships with HIV/AIDS knowledge, thus access to HIV/AIDS information has a positive influence on the promotion of knowledge of HIV/AIDS among undergraduates. The level of study was also a predictor of HIV/AIDS knowledge, which was not the case for factors of age, discipline, gender, marital status, tribe and religion. The AIDS service organizations and program developers should come up with strategies that would strengthen and improve the content, accuracy and ease of understanding of HIV/AIDS information that students have access to in order to facilitate its use.
Disjoint hypercyclicity equals disjoint supercyclicity for families of Taylor-type operators
Authors: Ma Yingbin , Wang Cui 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
We characterize disjointness of supercyclic operators which map a holomorphic function to a partial sum of the Taylor expansion. In particular, we show that disjoint hypercyclicity equals disjoint supercyclicity for families of Taylor-type operators. Moreover, we give a sufficient condition to yield the disjoint supercyclicity for families of Taylor-type operators.
Persistence of spatial meanings in the conceptualization of causality: at, by, with and about in emotion constructions
Authors: Kim Eunmi 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Prepositions encode various causal forces when expressing emotion causality in emotion constructions. This study investigates two pairs of prepositions, the zerodimensional at and by, and the two- or three-dimensional with and about, which show contrasting collocation patterns in emotion constructions. Through a corpus analysis of the Corpus of Contemporary American English, this study claims that there is a strong tendency that zero-dimensional prepositions are used with short-term emotions, whereas two- or three-dimensional prepositions frequently occur with long-term emotions. This study argues that the constraints of distributions of prepositions with emotive adjectives can be accounted for by features of their spatial source meanings in early usages. In the framework of grammaticalization, the constraints of collocation patterns of two pairs of prepositions with emotive adjectives show the phenomenon with respect to the “persistence” of Hopper (1991) in which traces of the source lexemes are retained in the constraints of their distributions. This study is significant in that it suggests a typology of causality based on spatial dimensions of prepositions.
Composition and source of white precipitations on the inner side of papyrus glazings
Authors: Graf Jörg , Villmann Beate , Schlattner Evelyn 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Traditionally papyrus fragments are stored between glass panels in many museum collections. In most exhibits a white precipitation is formed on the inner surface of the glazing which complicates reading and digitalization. With the help of the present study the question of the origin and possibilities for avoiding these precipitations should be answered. It could be shown that the precipitations consist of the salts sodium chloride and sodium nitrate. The chloride and nitrate ions for the salt formation stem from the papyrus whereas the sodium ions are dissolved from the float glass. By the use of higher-quality glass such as borosilicate glass this process can be prevented or at least slowed down. Furthermore a storage of the exhibits at relative humidities below 0 % is recommended.
Bleibend notwendig! Der Problemorientierte Religionsunterricht und seine Bedeutung für eine kritische Religionspädagogik – Geschichte und Aktualität.
Authors: Knauth Thorsten 
Published: June 2018

Zusammenfassung:
Der Problemorientierte Religionsunterricht entwickelt sich im Kontext tiefgreifender gesellschaftlicher Umbrüche in der zweiten Hälfte der 60er Jahre des 20. Jahrhunderts. Er führt zu einer grundlegenden Modernisierung von Religionsunterricht und Religionspädagogik und leitet bedeutsame curriculare Veränderungen mit Bezug auf die lebensweltliche und politische Dimension religiösen Lernens ein. In der Überwindung eines gesellschaftsfernen biblischen Religionsunterrichts gelingt erstmals nach dem 2. Weltkrieg der Durchbruch zu einem subjekt- und erfahrungsorientierten dialogischen religiösen Lernen, das auf soziale und politische Kontexte Bezug nimmt. In diesem Beitrag wird die These vertreten, dass der Problemorientierte Religionsunterricht als eigenständige kritische Theorie religiöser Bildung auch gegenwärtigen Debatten über eine gesellschaftsbezogene und politisch dimensionierte Religionspädagogik wichtige Impulse geben kann.
Sinn – Bedeutung – Präsenz. Aspekte religiöser Bildung
Authors: Dressler Bernhard 
Published: June 2018

Zusammenfassung:
Religiöse Bildung kann auf unterschiedliche Weise als Sinnerschließung verstanden werden. Weltdeutung und Daseinshermeneutik spielen dabei zusammen. Indem die Welt für „lesbar“ gehalten wird, wird eine für jede Didaktik notwendige Voraussetzung zugleich religiös anschlussfähig. Allerdings geht die christliche Religion nicht im Sinn von „Bedeutungen“ auf. Sie ist vor allem das Versprechen einer tröstenden und versöhnenden Gegenwart.
Experimental Analysis on the Mechanical Properties of Saturated Silty Mudstone under Frozen Conditions
Authors: Liu Lulu , Liu Xiaoyan , Li Zhe , Yao Zhaoming , Cai Guojun 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The mechanical properties (compressive peak strength and axial strain at peak strength) of frozen saturated silty mudstone are key parameters for the safety assessment of coal mine shafts during construction. However, the experimental data on such mechanical properties are limited. In order to derive much more accurate and economic results, in the present study, a series of uniaxial compressive tests were conducted on frozen saturated silty mudstone using temperature conditions of −10°C, −15°C, −20°C, and −25°C and loading rates of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 MPa/s. The analysis of a number of experimental results showed that the compressive peak strength of saturated silty mudstone was related parabolically to temperature. On the other hand, the axial strain at peak strength was related linearly to temperature. The compressive peak strength of saturated silty mudstone was relatively small in comparison to saturated sandstone and saturated coal rock. Based on the experimental results, an empirical prediction model equation was established to describe the relationship between compressive peak strength, axial strain at peak strength, temperature, and loading rate, which will provide important reference values for mine shaft freezing construction when a water-bearing rock stratum exists.
Study on the Role of Casting Defects and Surface Finish on Fatigue Life in Die-cast AM60B Magnesium Alloy Using X-Ray Computed Tomography
Authors: Rao Harish M. , Kang Jidong 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Magnesium alloy has attracted considerable attention from the automotive industry because of its low density and high specific strength combined with excellent casting capabilities. However, the role of casting defects and surface finish on the fatigue life emerges as a major concern. To study the role of surface finish, the die-cast skin was removed from the selected test specimens by hand polishing. No major difference in surface roughness was observed between the die-cast and polished surface. To characterize the casting defects in each test specimen, prior to the fatigue test, X-ray computed tomography (XCT) scans were performed on a desktop micro-XCT scanner. The preliminary XCT scans revealed a large number of gas and shrinkage pores concentrated in the center sections of the test specimens and a few scattered close to the free surface. In addition to gas and shrinkage pores, in unpolished specimens, small microcracks and notch-like surface imperfections were also observed on the edge of the test specimens. Strain controlled fatigue tests were performed on polished and unpolished test specimens at a 0.3 % strain amplitude. After every 2,000 fatigue cycles, the test was interrupted and XCT was performed to study the crack initiation and propagation in the respective test specimens. The fatigue test exhibited no major difference in fatigue life between the unpolished and polished specimens. However, XCT scans revealed the dominant fatigue crack initiated from the surface imperfections in unpolished specimens and from casting pores closer to the free surface in polished specimens. The fatigue test results and spatial distribution of casting pores were compared with the specimens extracted from a die-cast shock-tower structure from a previous study. Although a difference in spatial distribution of the casting pores was observed, it had no major impact on the fatigue life between the two sets of specimens.
Coupling Computation between Weld Mechanics and Arc Plasma Process for Residual Stress Analysis
Authors: Okano Shigetaka , Tsuji Hitoshi , Ihara Ryohei , Mochizuki Masahito 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This article presents an advanced computational framework to accurately simulate weld residual stress, which is generated as a result of thermomechanical behavior during welding. The basis of the framework is coupled process–mechanics modeling and analysis of gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW). In the developed modeling and analysis, a heat source model dependent on the welding heat input condition was constructed by considering the physics of the welding arc. Formation of the weld pool and temperature field was calculated through a combined conductive and convective heat transfer analysis with the constructed heat source model. Transient temperature fields obtained were used for large-deformation thermal elastic–plastic analysis of residual stress induced by welding. The modeling and analysis were applied to calculate the welding thermomechanical problems of low-carbon austenitic stainless steel. The calculated weld penetration, temperature profiles, and distribution of residual stress in the welds were compared with the experimental measurements to validate the accuracy of the modeling and analysis. The effect of convective heat transfer on weld pool formation was further investigated in relation to a parameter derived from welding thermal conduction theory for a moving point heat source. The dimensions of weld penetration and the convective heat transfer effect were estimated by the parameter. Thus, it was concluded that the developed modeling and analysis techniques successfully achieved an accurate weld residual stress analysis and provided a more detailed understanding of the convective heat transfer effect on weld pool formation.
A Role in Apoptosis Regulation for the rad-51 Gene of Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Germoglio Marcello , Adamo Adele 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved RAD-51 protein is essential for homologous recombination in the germ line as well as homologous repair of DNA double-strand breaks in all eukaryotic cells. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the rad-51 gene is transcribed into messenger RNAs potentially coding three alternative protein isoforms. Null rad-51 alleles display embryonic lethality, severe defects in chromosome structure, and high levels of germ line apoptosis. To dissect its functions, we genetically modified the C. elegans rad-51 gene by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9 genome-editing technology, obtaining a separation-of-function (sfi-) mutant allele that only disrupts the long-transcript isoform. This mutant shows no defects in an otherwise wild-type meiosis and is able to activate physiological germ cell death, which occurs at the late pachytene stage. However, although the mutant is competent in DNA damage checkpoint activation after exposure to ionizing radiation, it is defective for induction of DNA damage-induced apoptosis in meiotic germ cells. These results suggest that RAD-51 plays a novel role in germ line apoptosis independent of RAD-51-mediated strand invasion for homologous recombination.