bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Terror of Jean-Paul Sartre
Authors: Hux Samuel 
Published: September 2018

The tremendous interest that Existentialism once generated has not quite simply abated. Historians of ideas will of course continue to write about it, and philosophers will continue to borrow and modify some of-its concepts; but still it does not have the immediate and even urgent impact it once had, both deserved and exaggerated, Seldom any longer will one hear a friend say, “I am grateful to Sartre. He gave me a language to describe fears and feelings I really had when I….”Existentialism has receded to a distance where it can be viewed with more calm and detachment; but such was its nature, its considerations—“alienation,” “engagement,” “authenticity,” existence(!)—that this recession means in a sense that it has lost part of its meaning. It is now perceived as a kind of intellectual institution, energized by only flickers of urgency, a body of ideas instead of an activity, a vital intellectual engagement with the world, a philosophizing.
Haitian Stasis
Authors: Cassagnol Paul Ls. 
Published: September 2018

The scarcity of hard currency and deep cuts in foreign assistance have brought Haiti to a point of complete economic stagnation. Hurricane David and poor crops have curtailed exports drastically. What mother nature has left undone the president has completed, diverting internal revenues from the treasury, which are converted into available dollars and transferred to private bank accounts abroad. At a popular estimate the Duvalier family is worth more than $500 million, cash.Firm evidence of treasury looting was first provided by World Bank Report No. 1243HA of September 25, 1976, revealing that $45.5 million in government revenues for fiscal 1975 were unbudgeted and could not be accounted for. In 1977, according to a report prepared by the U.S. embassy staff in PortauPririce and published by the U.S. Department of Commerce in Foreign Economic Trends (No. 77-148), the “unbudgeted receipts amounted to 60 million in FY/77 and [were] projected at 69 million in FY/78.” Now Jack Anderson provides an update. “Baby Doc,” he says in his column of March 29, “has been stealing millions of dollars in loans provided by the International Monetary Fund.” And what is more, Michele, the president's bride of a year, has been drawing a monthly allowance of $100,000 from the treasury under her husband's authorization.
India: The Clear Puzzle
Authors: Srinivasan Mangalam 
Published: September 2018

Dictatorship starts with the gagging of the opposition press,” Indira once declared. Between the time she uttered those remarkable words and now, several memorable events have taken place. Two spectacular events in particular have focused world attention upon her: First, she won in the war against Pakistan and made Bangladesh possible; second, she declared a state of emergency, which includes, among other measures, press censorship.Some people contend that whatever she is doing now is at great personal cost and that she is courageously undertaking the defense of her democratic country and her people against anarchy. Others bewail the passing of democracy and compose eloquent obituaries. Still others contend that “a democracy” may have died, but a promise of another, more indigenous in nature and more suitable for the service of its people, may be in the working.
In Praise of Good Sense
Authors: Erasmus  
Published: September 2018

Thank you for asking me to join this discussion. Your invitation has charm and just the touch of beleaguered optimism I always loved. After all the blood your century has spilled, at least a few of you believe that reasonable men might yet persuade the world that war must never come again. It warms and heartens me that the plight of Peace still touches some minds. You really seem to believe that some argument, even one called up from the past, might yet move the warrior heart. Do I believe that this might happen? Of course I will try again. The native good sense of men might yet listen. I never despaired of mankind, no matter how much evidence might have overwhelmed my faith in it.At least this discussion can be carried on safely in public. There was a time when speaking out against war was dangerous, and I constantly spoke against it.
On Foxes and Orioles: The Newer Worries of Europe
Authors: Schall James V. 
Published: September 2018

In one of James Thurber's tales, “The Birds and the Foxes,” the shrewd foxes (for the highest of ethical motives, of course) finally succeed in having torn down the cages that protected the Baltimore orioles. The fox leader gives a memorable speech about how those poor but juicy birds, though eaten, are now “liberated” from their unjust confinement. Thurber's moral parodies Lincoln: “Government of the orioles, by the foxes, and for the foxes, must perish from the earth,“ His reinterpretations of Lincoln—another being “You can fool too many people too much of the time”—are perhaps too severe. But they come closer to what politics deals with than we usually care to admit.I begin thus because the general prognosis for the Western world is decidedly not cheery. I should like to think that the spate of unrestrained self-criticism Americans are now undergoing is a sign of strength.
Food or Fuel—Will We Have to Choose?
Authors: Rask Norman 
Published: September 2018

Milton Freidman is said to have defined economics in its simplest form with the expression, “there is no such thing as a free lunch.” Recent energy price increases have raised the production cost of food, making that lunch even more expensive. In addition, high energy prices have created incentives for several countries to turn directly to agriculture as a source of energy, extracting alcohol from several crops, including sugar cane and corn. Continued political instability in the Middle East intensifies this interest in domestic alternatives to oil. But most countries do not have the agricultural ability to produce a significant portion of liquidfuel needs and still provide adequate food supplies. This raises concern about how agricultural resources should be used. The resulting food/fuel choice depends on a unique set of conditions in each country.The United States has a key role to play in both energy and food matters. The U.S. consumes almost a third of all petroleum produced in the world, imports almost 50 per cent of its domestic petroleum needs, and is the major exporter of agricultural products. The sheer magnitude of both the U.S.'demand for liquid fuels and its share of world agricultural trade makes U.S. policy choices on the food/fuel interface of critical importance domestically and in other areas as well.
Suppressed in Taiwan
Authors: Black Jan Knippers 
Published: September 2018

Lu Hsui-lien, thirty six, holds advanced law degrees from the University of Illinois and Harvard. She not only practiced law but was also, until recently, a writer and editor, a dedicated campaigner for human rights in general and women's rights in particular, and a candidate for the Yuan,'Taiwan's national legislative assembly. Lu now spends her days in a cramped and musty cell, her spirit broken by sixty days of grueling interro gation during which not even her family knew of her whereabouts. Threatened with the murder of family and friends as well as her own execution, she ultimately signed a prefabricated confession of sedition.The threat to murder members of her family was not one that Lu could afford to dismiss lightly. One of her co-defendants, Lin Yi hsuing, thirty nine, a provincial assemblyman who had studied law at Berkeley, had lost his mother and his seven-year-old twin daughters, all three stabbed to death by a nameless nighttime intruder while his interrogation was under way. When Lin continued uncooperative, his interrogators reminded him that he had still another daughter and a wife.
OPEC Speaks Out
Authors: Allen Loring 
Published: September 2018

Ali Mohammed Jaidah, the former secretary general of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, is a soft-spoken man of thirty-seven. He speaks as one comfortable with authority. His B.S. in economics and his M.S. in petroleum economics are from London University. His birthplace and home are in the capital, Doha, of Qatar, a tiny oil-rich peninsular country jutting into the Persian Gulf. He has served his country in many positions of responsibility in the Ministry of Finance and Petroleum and the Qatar General Petroleum Corporation. In January, 1977, he became OPEC secretary general. My meeting with Ali Jaidah took place at the OPEC secretariat in Vienna, Austria, in the summer of 1978.The secretary general and I chatted about Vienna, music, and the Spanish Riding School. He took a call from London—he would be heading there in a few hours—and referred the caller to a colleague in Kuwait. He told me I was sitting where President Carlos Andrés Pérez of Venezuela had sat recently on his first visit to OPEC headquarters. We spoke of Venezuela's leading role in the founding of OPEC. He inquired about my university, the course in energy economics I teach, and my interest in OPEC. Coffee served and the amenities observed, we got down to business.
W. Germany: Looking at Gotterdammerung
Authors: Guertner Gary L. 
Published: September 2018

If a war broke out today, much of the combat in open spaces would have to take place in the West German national park system.—Paul Bracken, On Theater Warfare (The Hudson Institute, July 1, 1979)In the time of the Roman historian Tacitus (circa 55-117 A.D.), the area now watched over by NATO and Warsaw Pact armies was covered by a vast forest penetrated only by a network of narrow trails. A traveler could walk from Poland to the Rhine without even glimpsing the sun. As populations grew, forests gradually gave way to pastures and arable land. By the beginning of the twentieth century German geography—and military strategy—had undergone such radical transformation that Field Marshal von Schlieffen could see the North German Plain as a corridor for maneuvering thirty-four of the kaiser's divisions to outflank the French “if the last man on the right brushed the [English] Channel with his sleeve.”
What We Should Do About Korea
Authors: Ranard Donald L. 
Published: September 2018

With the end of the U.S. involvement in Vietnam and Indochina attention has turned to the Korean Peninsula. For the past two decades an uneasy peace has been maintained between two Korean governments—the one Communist, totalitarian, and revolutionary; the other non-Communist, yet authoritarian, undemocratic, and indeed almost as totalitarian in its lack of regard for opposition political voices and the rights of the individual. Probably nowhere else is American power and influence so greatly exposed as on the Korean Peninsula—with all the attendant risks for involving the U.S. in a land war on the Asian mainland.Any sensible discussion of alternatives to U.S. policy in Korea should begin with consideration of the commitment of the U.S. to the defense of Korea, as embodied in the treaty between the U.S. and Korea that entered into force in November, 1954.
Secular Discontents
Authors: Finn James 
Published: September 2018

The West is today what it has been for a number of decades, the center and source of powerful ideas incarnated in institutions and practices from whose effects no corner of the globe is wholly immune. It is the great disturber of other cultures. Thus, mutatis mutandis, the West takes its place with the ancient Orient, with classical Greece, with Islam, with the great civilizations that extended and imposed themselves through differing proportions of military power, commerce, and high cultural confidence.In its development the West has been informed by the profound contributions of the Greco-Roman and JudeoChristian traditions, and it cannot be understood without reference to them. But the factors that allowed the West first to become a great economic force and second to extend that force into the ecumene have their immediate causes in the eighteenth century. This period in Europe, variously termed the Enlightenment or the Age of Reason, elevated to prominence and gave particular meaning to such abstract social concepts as “liberty,” “equality,” “rights,” and “authority.”
Understanding George Kennan
Authors: Magstadt Thomas M. 
Published: September 2018

On February 16, 1984, George Frost Kennan, the eminent historian, Russianologist, and antinuclear gadfly, reached eighty, that milestone at which former high-ranking American diplomats are customarily canonized as "elder statesman." Mr. Kennan is now a certified elder, but the nature of his statesmanship raises interesting questions—not simply because of Kennan's great notoriety but because any serious attempt to answer them cuts to the very core of the most profound issues facing the nation in the final quarter of the twentieth century.For over thirty years now Kennan has been one of the most controversial public figures in the West. His critique of American diplomacy, especially in the areas of Soviet-American relations and strategic arms control, has had an ironic edge, emanating as it does from the architect of containment—America's historic response to the Soviet challenge.
They and We Have Not Paid Dues
Authors: Dobel J. Patrick 
Published: September 2018

AbstractOn May 22 the University of Chicago named Robert S. McNamara winner of the first Albert Pick, Jr., Award for International Understanding. Under the terms of the award the sum of $25,000 and a sculpture will be presented to an individual who has made outstanding contributions to international peace and understanding. The citation recognizes McNamara's contribution as president of the World Bank for the last decade and pointedly ignores his seven-year service as secretary of defense during the escalation of the Vietnam war. Implicit in the university's choice and its defense of that choice is the assumption that McNamara has paid his dues and made up for Vietnam.The award matters because it is part of a groping for a national recollection of Vietnam. We congratulate ourselves on our ability to make movies like The Deer Hunter or novels like Dispatches. A reception by President Carter for veterans and Congress's belated passage of Vietnam Veterans’ Counseling legislation also contribute to our self-satisfied awakening.
Forgiveness and Political Community
Authors: Hauerwas Stanley 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMr. Dobel is right—as a society we act as if the war in Vietnam was just a nasty little mistake. This not only excuses those who, for a variety of good and evil reasons, unwarrantedly perpetuated that war; but, more important, it dishonors those who conscientiously served there and those who conscientiously refused to serve there. If there is any forgiving to be done, people in those two groups must lead the way; they alone know what such forgiveness might mean.Mr. Dobel is also right in stating that Vietnam continues to lie uneasily on our national conscience. Our inability to explain why we were in Vietnam and why we stayed there indicates the moral limits of our political self-understanding. We simply lack the moral means to recognize and understand what we did there. But then it would be a mistake to single out Vietnam—have we recognized or understood any better what we did to the Indians or that we were a slave nation?
Tibetans Wait for China's Next Move
Authors: Tseten Kesang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIt has been twenty years since the Tibetan uprising. Last March, Tibetans and their American supporters rallied outside the United Nations building to commemorate that uprising against Chinese troops occupying the Tibetan homeland.Roger Baldwin, founder of the American Civil Liberties Union and honorary president of the International League for Human Rights, was there calling for support of resolutions passed three times by the U.S. General Assembly, in 1959, 1961, and 1965. The U.S. called “for respect for the fundamental human rights of the Tibetan people and for their right to self-determination.” The rally, Baldwin said, was to protest the “subjection of six million people to foreign rule” and to uphold “the right to live in your own house.” The nonagenarian champion of civil liberties expressed some hope: “It may be that autonomy, semi-independence in Tibet, may be granted when China settles down into the modernization it seeks.”
The CIA in Chile
Authors: Sigmund Paul E. 
Published: September 2018

To what degree was the U.S. responsible for the tragic end of Chilean democracy in the September, 1973, coup? Congressional investigations, press leaks, and the publication of the secret Chile files of ITT have continued to provide new evidence for those on all sides of the question. Now, through the investigations of the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence Activities, we have important new information about U.S. policy toward Chile.The Committee has released an interim report, Alleged Assassination Plots Involving Foreign Leaders, which includes a detailed study of the U.S. relation to the kidnapping-murder of General René Schneider, Commander in Chief of the Chilean Army, in October, 1970.
India's Fragmented Democracy
Authors: Singh B. P. 
Published: September 2018

Events of recent years have focused considerable attention on northeast India, particularly on tribal uprisings, insurgency, the problem of aliens, the involvement of foreign agencies, political horse trading, and natural disasters. At the same tune, ethnic and religious factors have been almost wholly ignored—this despite the fact that they have a decisive influence on the institutions of democracy and, since India's independence, have acquired quite new and different nuances.In 1950 northeast India consisted of the State of Assam and the Union Territories of Manipur and Tripura. With the passage of the North-Eastern Areas (Reorganization) Act of 1971, the northeast emerged as a significant administrative concept. The more familiar unit of Assam was replaced by a North-Eastem Council (NEC) to deal with planning and security.
The Present Chance for Mideast Peace
Authors: Goldmann Nahum 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSince the proclamation of the State of Israel thirty-one years ago, the Middle East has been in permanent crisis, more or less violent, with one war following another. It is no exaggeration to say, however, that no crisis in the past was as menancing as the present one. Some of my Israeli friends know more about the details of the situation from the Israeli point of view than I—inflation going beyond 100 per cent, the growing abyss between a small, rich minority that is getting richer and the vast majority getting poorer, the growing polarization of the inner political scene and, internationally, the total isolation of Israel, supported only by the USA, primarily for internal political reasons, especially in view of the approaching presidential election.
Hope and Realism Between Egypt and Israel
Authors: Gruen George E. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe Egyptian-Israeli peace process is 95 per cent irreversible.” That is the professional assessment of Hedayat Abdel Nabi, the American- educated diplomatic, correspondent for Al-Ahram and interviewer for Cairo's “Voice of Peace” radio program, with whom I spoke in Cairo some months ago.Peace is indeed very popular In Egypt. While the 99.9 per cent approval President Anwar el-Sadat received in a recent referendum understates the opposition, his peace policy enjoys the backing of a substantial majority of the general population. This includes, to all indications, the armed forces, whose loyalty remains a crucial element in the stability of the regime.
Contending With God, Fidelity, and Freedom
Authors: McWilliams Wilson Carey 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe world of espionage, we have been given to understand, is drab, sordid, and lumpenbourgeois. Base motives dominate, vile acts are common, and agents bespeak cynicism and weariness. This is the tradition of spy fiction, developed long ago by masters like Conrad. It is also, however, no more than a milieu, and in spying it is important not to be misled by appearances.Spies deceive, and the fictions a spy novelist writes are deceptions about deceivers. Subterfuge is the business of the art, and John le Carre's political teaching is a good deal subtler than many critics imagine. It is not true, for example, that le Carre's heroes are—as Michael Wood described them—all “glum, deceived…[and] tired of spying.” In fact, George Smiley's people yearn for the harness. “Thank you,” Otto Leipzig tells the widow Ostrakova, who sets the plot in motion, “for calling me to arms.” General Vladimir, the old emigre, almost races to his doom.
Human Rights & the National Interest
Authors: Bryan Hehir J. 
Published: September 2018

The philosophical discussions about the nature and origins of human rights are learned, complex and fascinating; it can certainly be argued that before a statesman decides to make a national goal of their promotion he should have a firm moral theory about their essence and their foundations. But much of the literature has a tendency to overcomplicate what is already a formidably difficult subject.—Stanley Hoffmann, Duties Beyond BordersHeeding this cautionary note from a perceptive theorist who has explored the philosophical dimensions of rights policy, my limited purpose here is to examine three concepts from Roman Catholic theory that structure the Church's participation in the human rights debate. These concepts are: (1) the foundation of human rights; (2) the range of human rights claims; and (3) the conception of the state in international relations today.
Farewell to Foreign Aid: At the United Nations
Authors: Sen Sudhir 
Published: September 2018

To say that there is room tor improvement in the U.N. development operations would be the understatement of this Development Decade. The truth is that the U.N. launched its development program without an overall policy or a sound strategy III organized for the task, it is still stumbling along an uncharted path.The Expanded Program of Technical Assistance, or EPTA (so called because it had some modest precursors), was the first program of significant size that brought together the entire U.N. family, i.e.. the United Nations and its specialized agencies. Almost from birth it was caught in a procedural tangle. Expediency, compromises, ad hoc decisions—especially to accommodate the conflicting agency interests and viewpoints—became its hallmark.
The Third World in V. S. Naipaul
Authors: Clemens Walter C. 
Published: September 2018

I first heard of V. S. Naipaul in 1977. Preparing for a Fulbright lectureship in Trinidad, I asked State Department experts what to read. Their answer: V. S. Naipaul. Today, if a student were to ask me what author to read to learn about the Third World, my answer would be the same: Naipaul.What is the Third World? Political sociologists and economists proffer definitions and statistics. Naipaul gives us vivid images and stories about people who live there. His purposes have been literary and reportorial. They have also been deeply personal, for Naipaul has sought to escape and transcend the Hindu-Trinidad milieu in which he was raised.
Terrorists in the Safest City
Authors: Ringwald George B. 
Published: September 2018

I met Makoto Matsuo, leader of the group mat cuts down its rivals with steel pipes in tea parlors and that rampages, with staves and rocks, among innocent train passengers, in a tiny cubicle of a room on the ground floor of a three-story business office building that would normally have no trouble blending into the gray alikeness of a hundred nondescript neighborhoods of Tokyo.The room was tightly if crudely sealed off from the rest of the building, its walls a patchwork of odd-shaped cardboard pieces and old blankets with patterns you were likely to find in the tourist shop of a Navajo reservation. We entered from the street, ducking our heads under a steel shutter that had been raised part way to let us in and that was then quickly lowered to seal us off from the outside.