bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mucosal gene expression changes induced by anti‐TNF treatment in inflammatory bowel disease patients
Authors: Milanesi Elena , Dobre Maria , Manuc Teodora E. , Becheanu Gabriel , Tieranu Cristian G. , Ionescu Elena M. , Manuc Mircea 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn the last two decades anti‐tumor necrosis factor (anti‐TNF) therapy for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been widely used to induce and maintain clinical and endoscopical remission, completely changing management of the disease. In this study, we aimed to identify gene expression changes in inflamed mucosa from Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis patients treated with 5‐aminosalicylic acid (5‐ASA) (N = 25) or anti‐TNF agents (N = 12) compared to drug‐free IBD patients (N = 12) and non‐IBD control subjects (N = 18). The mucosal expression of 84 genes previously associated with IBD was evaluated by qPCR. We found that both therapeutic regimens induce a decrease in LCN2, NOS2, and TFF1, the levels of which are overexpressed in drug‐free patients compared to non‐IBD control subjects. Interestingly, a stronger effect of anti‐TNF drugs was observed on LCN2 and TFF1 levels. However, 5‐ASA seems to induce a more robust reduction of NOS2 expression. Moreover, we found that anti‐TNF treatment significantly increased ABCB1, leading to levels similar to those found in non‐IBD control subjects.
Smaller future floods imply less habitat for riparian plants along a boreal river
Authors: Jansson Roland , Ström Lotta , Nilsson Christer 
Published: July 2019

AbstractClimate‐change projections suggest large changes in riverine flow regime, which will likely alter riparian communities. In northern Europe, forecasts propose lower annual spring flood peaks and higher winter flows, resulting in narrower riparian zones. To estimate the impact of climate change on habitat extent of riparian plants, we developed a framework estimating the sensitivity and exposure of individual species to streamflow change, and surveyed five reaches along the free‐flowing Vindel River in northern Sweden. We modeled the hydrologic niche of riparian plant species based on the probability of occurrence along gradients of flood frequency and duration and used predicted future water‐level fluctuations (based on climate models and IPCC emission scenarios) to calculate changes in flow‐related habitat availability of individual species. Despite projected increases in runoff, we predict most species to decrease in riparian elevational extent by on average 12–29% until the end of the century, depending on scenario. Species growing in the upper, spring‐flood‐controlled part of the riparian zone will likely lose most habitat, with the largest reductions in species with narrow ranges of inundation duration tolerance (decreases of up to 54%). In contrast, the elevational extent of most amphibious species is predicted to increase, but conditions creating isoëtid vegetation will become rarer or disappear: isoëtid vegetation is presently found in areas where ice formed in the fall settles on the riverbank during the winter as water levels subside. Higher winter flows will make these conditions rare. We argue that our framework is useful to project the effects of hydrologic change caused by climate change as well as other stressors such as flow regulation also in other regions. With few rivers remaining unaffected by dams and other human stressors, these results call for monitoring to detect species declines. Management to alleviate species losses might include mitigation of habitat degradation from land‐use activities, more environmentally friendly flow schemes, and more intensive management options such as mowing riparian meadows no longer regularly maintained by recurrent floods.
Finite element analysis of the seismic response of ancient columns
Authors: Papadopoulos Konstantinos , Vintzileou Elizabeth , Psycharis Ioannis N. 
Published: July 2019

SummaryThis paper presents a numerical study of the response to earthquake actions of eight ancient Greek multidrum columns, which were chosen as representative of a broad spectrum of the ancient columns preserved to date. The study was conducted using the FE software Abaqus, in three steps. At first, the software efficiency to predict the rocking response of dry‐stone structures was verified. Afterwards, various numerical models of one typical ancient multidrum column were seismically excited. Records of four real earthquakes differing in frequency content were used for the excitation of the models. Each column model was different from the others at least in one geometric or modeling parameter. Although the examined parameters affected the numerical results, their variation did not alter significantly the overall behavior of the column. In the last step of the study, numerical models of eight columns were seismically excited using four seismic records. In these analyses, among the simulation approaches tested in the second step, the simpler one was adopted. On the basis of the numerical results, conclusions were drawn regarding the seismic resistance of the columns and its correlation with the dynamic characteristics of the columns (size, slenderness, and frequency parameter) and with the basic intensity measures and frequency content indicator of the seismic motions (PHA, PHV, PHD, and Tg). Thus, criteria of seismic collapse for the multidrum columns are proposed, which can be used for the approximate assessment of the seismic vulnerability of free‐standing ancient columns, provided that the columns are in good preservation state.
Health insurance enrolment in the Upper West Region of Ghana: Does food security matter?
Authors: Antabe Roger , Atuoye Kilian Nasung , Sano Yujiro , Kuuire Vincent Zubedaar , Galaa Sylvester Zachariah , Luginaah Isaac 
Published: July 2019

SummaryToward achieving universal health coverage, Ghana's national health insurance has been acclaimed as a pro‐poor scheme, yet been criticized for leaving the poor behind. Arising from this is how poverty has been operationalized and how poor people are targeted for enrolment into the scheme. We examine the role of food insecurity (not currently considered) as a multidimensional vulnerability concept on enrolment into Ghana's health insurance using binary logistics regression on cross‐sectional survey of household heads (n = 1438) in the Upper West Region of Ghana. Our analyses show that heads of severely food‐insecure households were significantly less likely to enroll in national health insurance scheme (NHIS) relative to households who reported being food‐secure (OR = 0.36, P < .05). We also found education, occupation, and religion as significant predictors of health insurance enrolment. Based on our findings, it is crucial to incorporate food security status in the identification of vulnerable people for free enrolment in Ghana's health insurance.
Language and eyewitness suggestibility
Authors: Alm Charlotte , Helmy Rehnberg Nora , Lindholm Torun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDuring forensic interviews, eyewitnesses are to retrieve correct information from memory. Cognitive load should be high, leading to risks of giving in to suggestive questions and difficulties in memory retrieval generally. Testifying in a non‐native vs. native language may require even more cognitive effort due to the need to inhibit the interference of the native language. Such witnesses may also be more motivated to appear credible because they often belong to ethnic outgroups relative to forensic professionals, risking more scepticism. In this study, Swedish participants (N = 51) reported their memory of a simulated crime event either in English (non‐native language) or in Swedish (native language) and were tested for suggestibility and accuracy. Results showed that English‐speaking witnesses yielded to more suggestive questions, perceived themselves as less credible but were equally accurate. Results suggest that testifying in a non‐native language is taxing cognitive resources, in turn increasing suggestibility and suboptimal memory search.
An improved temperature dependent analytical model to predict AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors AC characteristics
Authors: Khan Mohammad N. , Ahmed Umer F. , Ahmed Muhammad M. , Rehman Saif 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this paper, an improved temperature dependent model has been presented to predict AC characteristics of submicron AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). The model evaluates effects of channel temperature on the device AC intrinsic parameters. It has been shown that the rise of channel temperature is almost linear in nature, and it depends upon both the ambient temperature as well as on the operating voltages of the device. By reassessing two dimensional electron gas (2‐DEG) carrier concentration, ns, high electron mobility transistor (HEMT)'s analytical I−V equations for both linear as well as saturation regions have been modified. The modeled DC characteristics showed a good degree of accuracy with the experimental data. By evaluating temperature and bias dependent charge accumulation in the depletion region of the device, an AC model for the device intrinsic parameters has been developed. S‐parameters of the device have been evaluated by using the modeled AC intrinsic parameters that showed a good agreement with the measured data. Thus, the developed technique could be a useful tool to predict AC parameters of submicron AlGaN/GaN HEMTs meant for harsh environments.
Raman spectroscopy of natural and cultured pearls and pearl producing mollusc shells
Authors: Karampelas Stefanos , Fritsch Emmanuel , Makhlooq Fatema , Mohamed Fatima , Al‐Alawi Abeer 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe attractiveness of natural and cultured pearls is related, in part, to their colour. Raman spectroscopy was applied to natural and cultured pearls and the shells from 23 species of pearl producing molluscs, thus covering the majority of the natural and cultured pearls and their host animals found in the market today, in order to better understand their colouration and eventually to be able to identify the host animal. Pigments with a polyenic chain were identified in samples from 18 species. The vast majority were found to be a mixture of partially methylated polyenes, similar to those observed in octocorals. Samples with a similar colour but from different animal species can be sometimes related to a significantly different mixtures of such pigments. Only natural pearls from Pinna nobilis were found to be coloured by carotenoids. Raman spectra of other pigments were also observed on samples from four species, possibly linked with pigments from the porphyrin group.
Oxygen rotational Raman linewidth determination considering nonmonoexponential decoherence behavior
Authors: Hölzer Jonas I. , Meißner Christian , Seeger Thomas 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe rotational Raman linewidth is a vital empirical parameter in determining temperature and concentration in combustion environments from pure rotational anti‐Stokes Raman spectroscopy (RCARS). The Raman linewidth is regularly determined from the coherence dephasing time constant on a picosecond time scale. Oxy‐fuel combustion processes cannot be studied applying the well‐described nitrogen evaluation but are typically based on oxygen evaluation. Therefore, the dephasing behavior of the rotational Raman coherences of oxygen was studied by picosecond time resolved RCARS. In opposite to nitrogen, the dephasing in oxygen shows distinct quantum beating rendering monoexponential fitting functions unsuited for the evaluation. Therefore, collisional dephasing time constants were obtained from a coherent beating model function. The acquired Raman linewidths show comparable trends with increasing temperature and rotational quantum number as nitrogen but differ from O2‐linewidths used for evaluations up to now. Therefore, an improvement of temperature and concentration evaluations based on oxygen RCARS measurements by application of the S‐branch linewidth can be expected.
Raman spectroscopy for firing condition characterization: Case study of Karelian medieval pottery
Authors: Chazhengina Svetlana Y. , Summanen Irina M. , Svetov Sergey A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRaman spectroscopy together with the scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction were applied to study the firing parameters (temperature and atmosphere) of medieval pottery from Karelian hill forts in the North‐Western Ladoga region (Russia). Because the evidences of pottery manufacture including firing facilities were not discovered during the excavations of medieval Karelian fortresses, the application of Raman spectroscopy combined with the other techniques appeared to be an effective approach to reconstruct the technology of ceramic production in medieval Karelia. Scanning electron microscopy ‐energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction analysis showed that the Karelian pottery refers to noncalcareous and low‐temperature fired ceramics. Using the thermometer based on the thermal evolution of Raman spectral parameters of the charcoal identified in the ceramic paste of some specimens, the firing temperature for those was estimated to be close to 800 °C. These data are in accordance with the more frequent occurrence of anatase rather than rutile in the studied ceramic sherds that also corresponds to low firing temperature. The presence of hematite suggests firing in oxidizing atmosphere, in rare case the detected magnetite indicated the incomplete oxidizing atmosphere. The reconstruction of Karelian pottery firing procedure based on the obtained data supposes that the firing was carried out in bonfires. The present study contributes to the deciphering the firing conditions for noncalcareous and low‐temperature burnt ceramics, for which no significant modifications of starting minerals during heating are usually observed.
New Raman–visible near‐infrared database of inorganic and mineralogical planetary and terrestrial compounds and its implications for Mars: Phyllosilicates
Authors: Ruiz‐Galende Patricia , Torre‐Fdez Imanol , Aramendia Julene , Gomez‐Nubla Leticia , Castro Kepa , Arana Gorka , de Vallejuelo Silvia Fdez‐Ortiz , Maguregui Maite , Medina Jesús , Baonza Valentín G. , Rull Fernando , Madariaga Juan Manuel 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe European Space Agency will launch the ExoMars Martian mission in 2020, which will study traces of water activity through the geological history of Mars, as water would mean potential presence of life. In this sense, silicates, and more concretely phyllosilicates, are among the most relevant mineral phases to be studied on the Martian surface at Oxia Planum, the selected landing site. Phyllosilicates are widely spread over the planet, together with sulfates and carbonates, in places where liquid water seems to have been present, and, therefore, knowledge about their mineralogy is of high importance. Thus, the creation of Raman and visible near‐infrared (VNIR) mineralogical databases can be critical for the interpretation of both the terrestrial analogues and the upcoming data from Mars, as Raman and VNIR spectroscopies will be on board the rovers of the ExoMars as well as of the NASA Mars 2020 missions to Mars. For that purpose, several phyllosilicates of the collection of the Geominery Museum of the Spanish Geological and Miner Institute were characterized geochemically to be used as reference. A wide number Raman and VNIR spectra of common and rare phyllosilicates were collected, and several of these are presented here.
Additional enhancement of SERS effect by a surface wave in photonic crystal
Authors: Boginskaya I.A. , Nechepurenko I.A. , Shishkov V.Yu. , Dorofeenko A.V. , Bykov I.V. , Afanasyev K.N. , Ryzhikov I.A. , Vinogradov A.P. , Budashov I.A. , Kurochkin I.N. , Lagarkov A.N. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe propose and demonstrate an enhancement of the Raman signal additional to that provided by the surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) effect. Such an additional enhancement appears due to a resonance attributed to the existence of a surface wave at a photonic crystal (PC)/vacuum interface. Such a PC is realized as a system of alternating layers deposited on a prism, through which light enters the structure. The SERS‐active layer of aggregates of gold nanoparticles modified by dithionitrobenzoic acid is deposited on the PC/vacuum interface, where the resonant field is located. In the experiment, up to 170‐fold SERS signal enhancement is demonstrated with respect to the same SERS‐active layer deposited at a nonresonant substrate.
Meta‐omics reveal microbial assortments and key enzymes in bean sauce mash, a traditional fermented soybean product
Authors: Xie Mengxi , An Feiyu , Wu Junrui , Liu Yiming , Shi Haishu , Wu Rina 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDDajiang is fermented based on the metabolism of microbial communities in bean sauce mash, a traditional fermented soybean product in China. The current study first investigated the metaproteome of bean sauce mash. This was followed by an analysis of its biological functions and its microbial community to reveal information about strains and about the expressed proteins to better understand the roles of the microbiota in bean sauce mash.RESULTSThe metaproteomic results demonstrated that a total of 1415 microbial protein clusters were expressed mainly by members of the Penicillium and Rhizopus genera and were classified into 100 cellular components, 238 biological processes, and 220 molecular function categories by gene ontology (GO) annotation. Enzymes associated with glycolysis metabolic pathways were also identified. These can provide the energy required for microbial fermentation. Illumina MiSeq sequencing technology results showed that the microorganism communities of bean sauce mash exhibited a high level of diversity. Microbiological analysis demonstrated that the Penicillium, Mucor, Fusarium, Aspergillus, and Rhizopus fungi, and Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, Fructobacillus, Staphylococcus, Carnobacterium genera were predominant 22 samples.CONCLUSIONThe profiles and insights in the current study are important for research on bean sauce mash and related products in terms of their food microbial ecology. The information obtained from this study will help the development of stable sufu starter cultures with unique sensory qualities. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Delamination modeling in doubly curved laminated shells for free vibration analysis using zigzag theory‐based facet shell element and hybrid continuity method
Authors: Kapuria Santosh , Ahmed Adnan 
Published: July 2019

SummaryWe present a finite element (FE) formulation for the free vibration analysis of doubly curved laminated composite and sandwich shells having multiple delaminations, employing a facet shell element based on the efficient third‐order zigzag theory and the region approach of modeling delaminations. The methodology, hitherto not attempted, is general for delaminations occurring at multiple interfacial and spatial locations. A recently developed hybrid method is used for satisfying the continuity of the nonlinear layerwise displacement field at the delamination fronts. The formulation is shown to yield very accurate results with reference to full‐field three‐dimensional FE solutions, for the natural frequencies and mode shapes of delaminated shallow and deep, composite and highly inhomogeneous soft‐core sandwich shells of different geometries and boundary conditions, with a significant computational advantage. The accuracy is sensitive to the continuity method used at the delamination fronts, the usual point continuity method yielding rather poor accuracy, and the proposed hybrid method giving the best accuracy. Such efficient modeling of laminated shells with delamination damage will be of immense use for model‐based techniques for structural health monitoring of laminated shell‐type structures.
Comprehensive behavioral analysis of heterozygous Syngap1 knockout mice
Authors: Nakajima Ryuichi , Takao Keizo , Hattori Satoko , Shoji Hirotaka , Komiyama Noboru H. , Grant Seth G. N. , Miyakawa Tsuyoshi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimsSynaptic Ras GTPase‐activating protein 1 (SYNGAP1) regulates synaptic plasticity through AMPA receptor trafficking. SYNGAP1 mutations have been found in human patients with intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Almost every individual with SYNGAP1‐related ID develops epilepsy, and approximately 50% have ASD. SYNGAP1‐related ID is estimated to account for at least 1% of ID cases. In mouse models with Syngap1 mutations, strong cognitive and affective dysfunctions have been reported, yet some findings are inconsistent across studies. To further understand the behavioral significance of the SYNGAP1 gene, we assessed various domains of behavior in Syngap1 heterozygous mutant mice using a behavioral test battery.MethodsMale mice with a heterozygous mutation in the Syngap1 gene (Syngap1−/+ mice) created by Seth Grant's group were subjected to a battery of comprehensive behavioral tests, which examined general health, and neurological screens, rotarod, hot plate, open field, light/dark transition, elevated plus maze, social interaction, prepulse inhibition, Porsolt forced swim, tail suspension, gait analysis, T‐maze, Y‐maze, Barnes maze, contextual and cued fear conditioning, and home cage locomotor activity. To control for type I errors due to multiple‐hypothesis testing, P‐values below the false discovery rate calculated by the Benjamini‐Hochberg method were considered as study‐wide statistically significant.ResultsSyngap1−/+ mice showed increased locomotor activity, decreased prepulse inhibition, and impaired working and reference spatial memory, consistent with preceding studies. Impairment of context fear memory and increased startle reflex in Syngap1 mutant mice could not be reproduced. Significant decreases in sensitivity to painful stimuli and impaired motor function were observed in Syngap1−/+ mice. Decreased anxiety‐like behavior and depression‐like behavior were noted, although increased locomotor activity is a potential confounding factor of these phenotypes. Increased home cage locomotor activity indicated hyperlocomotor activity not only in specific behavioral test conditions but also in familiar environments.ConclusionIn Syngap1−/+ mice, we could reproduce most of the previously reported cognitive and emotional deficits. The decreased sensitivity to painful stimuli and impaired motor function that we found in Syngap1−/+ mice are consistent with the common characteristics of patients with SYNGAP‐related ID. We further confirmed that the Syngap1 heterozygote mouse recapitulates the symptoms of ID and ASD patients.