bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mixed Leptospira infections in domestic animals from a rural community with high leptospirosis endemicity
Authors: Mosquera Pamela , Mejia Lorena , Ortiz Gabriela , Pazmino Giuliana , Pearson Talima , Barragán Verónica , Trueba Gabriel 
Published: October 2024

Background
Leptospirosis is one of the most common zoonoses in the world which is associated with a severe febrile disease in humans causing a variety of syndromes including meningitis, interstitial nephritis, hepatitis, and sometimes death. Leptospirosis is caused by different pathogenic Leptospira species divided into almost 30 serogroups and more than 300 serovars which are carried by some animal asymptomatic chronic infections. Humans can become infected through direct contact with animal urine or indirectly by coming into contact with fresh water or mud contaminated with urine.

Methodology/Principal findings
In this research, we looked for leptospiral DNA in urine samples from dogs living in a rural, low-income and highly endemic community in the coast of Ecuador. We used molecular biology and next-generation sequencing for the detection. Our results showed evidence of two Leptospira species, L interrogans and L. santarosai, genomes in three dogs.

Conclusions/Significance
It has been widely known that animal carriers are typically infected with a single leptospiral strain. However, recent reports, including the present one, indicate that carrier animals may be coinfected with two or more leptospiral species.
Morphine self-administration is inhibited by the antioxidant N‐acetylcysteine and the anti-inflammatory ibudilast; an effect enhanced by their co-administration
Authors: Quintanilla María Elena , Morales Paola , Santapau Daniela , Gallardo Javiera , Rebolledo Rocío , Riveras Gabriel , Acuña Tirso , Herrera-Marschitz Mario , Israel Yedy , Ezquer Fernando 
Published: October 2024

Background
The treatment of opioid addiction mainly involves the medical administration of methadone or other opioids, aimed at gradually reducing dependence and, consequently, the need for illicit opioid procurement. Thus, initiating opioid maintenance therapy with a lower level of dependence would be advantageous. There is compelling evidence indicating that opioids induce brain oxidative stress and associated glial activation, resulting in the dysregulation of glutamatergic homeostasis, which perpetuates drug intake. The present study aimed to determine whether inhibiting oxidative stress and/or neuroinflammation reduces morphine self-administration in an animal model of opioid dependence.

Methods
Morphine dependence, assessed as voluntary morphine self-administration, was evaluated in Wistar-derived UChB rats. Following an extended period of morphine self-administration, animals were administered either the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC; 40 mg/kg/day), the anti-inflammatory ibudilast (7.5 mg/kg/day) or the combination of both agents. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation were evaluated in the hippocampus, a region involved in drug recall that feeds into the nucleus accumbens, where the levels of the glutamate transporters GLT-1 and xCT were further assessed.

Results
Daily administration of either NAC or ibudilast led to a mild reduction in voluntary morphine intake, while the co-administration of both therapeutic agents resulted in a marked inhibition (-57%) of morphine self-administration. The administration of NAC or ibudilast markedly reduced both the oxidative stress induced by chronic morphine intake and the activation of microglia and astrocytes in the hippocampus. However, only the combined administration of NAC + ibudilast was able to restore the normal levels of the glutamate transporter GLT-1 in the nucleus accumbens.

Conclusion
Separate or joint administration of an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent reduced voluntary opioid intake, which could have translational value for the treatment of opioid use disorders, particularly in settings where the continued maintenance of oral opioids is a therapeutic option.
Genital infections in high-risk human papillomavirus positive Paraguayan women aged 30–64 with and without cervical lesions
Authors: Arévalos Alanis , Valenzuela Adriana , Mongelós Pamela , Barrios Hernán , Rodríguez María Isabel , Báez Romina , Centurión Claudia , Vester Jaime , Soilán Ana , Ortega Marina , Meza Lorena , Páez Malvina , Castro Amalia , Cristaldo Carmen , Soskin Ana , Deluca Gerardo , Baena Armando , Herrero Rolando , Almonte Maribel , Kasamatsu Elena , Mendoza Laura ,   ESTAMPA Paraguayan Study Group
Published: October 2024

Objective
To determine the prevalence of genital infections (GIs), including sexual transmitted STIs: Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Trichomonas vaginalis, and opportunistic pathogens that generally do not cause STIs, non-classic STI: Ureaplasma urealyticum, Ureaplasma parvum and Mycoplasma hominis, in women with high-risk oncogenic human papillomavirus (hr-HPV) infection and their association with cervical lesions.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was carried out including 231 hr-HPV positive women. Of these, 46 has histologically confirmed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3 (CIN3) or more (including CIN3 and cervical cancer lesions-CIN3+). GIs were detected by multiplex real time PCR. Odds ratios (OR) were estimated to explore possible associations between GIs and the presence or absence of CIN3+ lesions. Additionally, we examined associations between sociodemographic, sexual, and clinical characteristics and the presence of GIs.

Results
In total, there were 174/231 cases of GIs corresponding to an overall prevalence of 75.3% (95%CI: 69.4–80.4), being non-classic STIs the most common (72.3%) compared to STIs (12.6%). The most prevalent non-classic STI and STI were U. parvum (49.8%) and C. trachomatis (7.4%), respectively. The odds of presenting GIs were 3 times higher in women under 46 years compared to older counterparts (OR: 3.32, 95%CI: 1.74–6.16), and in women with a normal Pap smear with inflammation compared to those without inflammation (OR: 3.31, 95%CI: 1.15–9.77). GIs were equally present in women with and without CIN3+ lesions.

Conclusion
We observed an association of GIs with inflammation in the Pap smear, but no association with CIN3+, as some of them are very common and likely part of the normal vaginal flora, suggesting that such infections do not appear to be cofactors in cervical carcinogenesis, although larger prospective studies are needed.
Comparing Right-Sided Colon Adenoma and Serrated Polyp Miss Rates With Water Exchange and CO2 Insufflation: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Cheng Chi-Liang , Tang Jui-Hsiang , Hsieh Yu-Hsi , Kuo Yen-Lin , Fang Kuan-Chieh , Tseng Chih-Wei , Su I-Chia , Chang Chun-Chao , Tsui Yi-Ning , Lee Bai-Ping , Zou Ke-Yun , Lee Yun-Shien , Leung Felix W. 
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Postcolonoscopy colorectal cancers primarily occur in the right-sided colon because of missed adenomas and serrated polyps (SPs). Water exchange (WE) improves cleanliness and visibility of the right-sided colon. We hypothesized that WE could reduce the right-sided colon adenoma (rAMR) and SP miss rate (rSPMR) compared with standard colonoscopy.

METHODS:
We randomly assigned 386 colonoscopy patients to insertion with either WE or CO2 insufflation. During the first withdrawal, polypectomies were performed up to the hepatic flexure. A second endoscopist, blinded to the insertion technique, re-examined the right-sided colon. The miss rate was determined by dividing the number of additional adenomas or SPs by the total number detected in both examinations. The primary outcome was the combined rAMR and rSPMR.

RESULTS:
WE significantly decreased the combined rAMR and rSPMR (22.2% vs 32.2%, P < 0.001) and rSPMR alone (22.5% vs 37.1%, P = 0.002) compared with CO2 insufflation, but not rAMR (21.8% vs 29.8%, P = 0.079). In addition, WE significantly increased the detection of SP per colonoscopy (SP per colonoscopy) in the right-sided colon (0.95 ± 1.56 vs 0.50 ± 0.79, P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that ≥2 SPs in the right-sided colon were an independent predictor of rSPMR (odds ratio, 3.47; 95% confidence interval, 1.89─6.38), along with a higher right-sided colon Boston Bowel Preparation Scale score (odds ratio, 0.55; 95% confidence interval, 0.32─0.94).

DISCUSSION:
The significant reduction in rSPMR and increase in right-sided colon SP per colonoscopy suggest that colonoscopy insertion using WE is a valid alternative to CO2 insufflation (clinical trial registration number: NCT04124393).
Social Disadvantage and Disparities in Chronic Liver Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hasjim Bima J. , Harris Alexandra , Balbale Salva N. , Obayemi Joy E. , Beestrum Molly , Polineni Praneet , Paukner Mitchell , Mohammadi Mohsen , Dentici Oriana C. , Kershaw Kiarri N. , Lewis-Thames Marquita W. , Mehrotra Sanjay , Ladner Daniela P. 
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Social determinants of health (SDOH) may impact chronic liver disease (CLD) outcomes but are not clearly understood. We conducted a systematic review to describe the associations of SDOH with mortality, hospitalizations, and readmissions among patients with CLD.

METHODS:
This review was registered (PROSPERO ID: CRD42022346654) and identified articles through MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases. The review included studies that reported SDOH characteristics within the domains of economic stability, healthcare access, education, social and community context, and the neighborhood-built environment. Associated outcomes of interest were mortality, hospitalizations, or readmissions. The Cochrane Risk of Bias in Nonrandomized Studies for Exposure was used to assess study quality and risk of bias.

RESULTS:
A total of 5,205 abstracts were screened, 60 articles underwent full-text review, and 27 articles were included in the final review. Poor economic stability, healthcare access, social support, and household/environmental conditions were associated with higher mortality and hospital readmissions among patients with CLD. Increasing distance (≥25 miles away) from a liver transplantation center was associated with higher mortality, despite increasing access to the liver transplantation waitlist. When assessing the overall risk of bias among included studies, most had “some concern” (N = 13, 48.1%) or “high risk” (N = 11, 40.7%), whereas a minority had “very high risk” (N = 3, 11.1%). No studies were categorized as “low risk.”

DISCUSSION:
Unfavorable SDOH were associated with increased mortality and hospital readmissions among patients with CLD. Rigorous empirical research is needed to identify evidence-based strategies that aim to mitigate disparities among vulnerable populations.
Enhanced biogas production from municipal solid waste via digestion with cow manure: A case study
Authors: Mohamed Zainab B. , Fattah Mohammed Y. , Shehab Esraa Q. , Shamkhy Ali G. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) of feedstocks yields biogas, a potentially useful new energy source. This study looked into the anaerobic co-digestion of cow dung and organic garbage to produce biogas. An anaerobic biodigester, with a volume of 20 L, was used to digest organic waste (OW) and to trace the changes that occur during the AD process. It was equipped with tools that ensure complete control of the conditions affecting anaerobic biological reactions such as temperature, pH function, and mixing speed. Therefore, an anaerobic biodigester was designed to contain such biological transformations and to improve the biogas production process from OW. Based on the present investigation, the AD of OW was improved by integrating the substrate with sewage sludge or cow manure (CM) during the digestion process to provide the basic microorganisms to complete the digestion process. Feeding into the digester was a blend of 100 kg of cow dung (CM) and OW per day, diluted 1:1 with water. A gasbag was used to capture the methane that resulted. Biogas production began on the seventh day after the substrate was fed into the digester. A performance test was carried out on the produced biogas to determine its composition. For OW–CM, the generated biogas’s methane (CH4) concentration was determined to be 60%, but the rates of decline for TS and VS were 57 and 50.6%, respectively. Anaerobic biodegradation of OW–CM experiments was observed at 37°C, a mesophilic temperature. For OW–CM, the pH value was 6.7. After being adjusted to standard circumstances, the cumulative volume of methane produced which had been recorded as 4,914 mL became 3964.5 mL.
Bromic acid-thiourea synergistic leaching of sulfide gold ore
Authors: Qiang Zhang , Jing-Ze Duan , Peng-Zhi Xiang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Bromate–thiourea coordinated leaching of gold sulfide ore for gold sulfide ore as leaching object. The effects of leaching reagent, stirring speed, and leaching time on gold leaching were investigated in this article. The results showed that the optimum leaching conditions were potassium bromate 0.1 M, thiourea 0.6 g·L−1, hydrochloric acid 0.2 M, agitation speed 250 rpm, ratio of liquid to solid 4, and leaching time 10 min. Under these conditions, high efficiency and rapid leaching of gold can be achieved, and reagent consumption is reduced. The research results have theoretical and practical significance for expanding new green gold extraction technology.
A different kind of phrasal comparatives with a non-transformational Schönfinkelization in semantic composition: the case of Jordanian Arabic
Authors: Abu Helal Abdel-Rahman 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Cross-linguistically, phrasal comparatives have been shown to vary with respect to the categorical status and denotational meaning of their standard of comparison (i.e., the NP constituent following the ‘than’ particle): whether the standard of comparison in phrasal comparatives is to be categorized as a superficially individual-denoting nominal expression or it is to be interpreted as an underlyingly degree-denoting reduced clause that undergoes deletion in the syntax. This paper argues that Jordanian Arabic (JA) is a language which makes use of phrasal comparatives with no clausal source in the standard of comparison. The paper further shows that the comparative head (i.e., the –er morpheme) in JA phrasal comparatives requires a special instance of Schönfinkelization of the comparative operator which relates individual-denoting objects with no transformations in the syntax-semantics interface.
Unexpected manifestations of a perforated gallbladder: a case study and imaging assessment
Authors: Liu Yifan , Ndegwa Reuben Ruwkaro 
Published: October 2024

Gallbladder perforation can be caused by delayed diagnosis of cholecystitis and, more rarely, trauma. Despite advancements in imaging modalities, diagnosis is often challenging, leading to further delays in diagnosis and increased morbidity and mortality. In this report, we discuss a 49-year-old Caucasian male who presented to the emergency department with severe, out-of-proportion pain and fevers following a mechanical fall. Blood tests were unremarkable, but portal venous contrast-enhanced CT of the abdomen-pelvis showed a thickened gallbladder with perihepatic fluids, and CT of the chest revealed bilateral lobar atelectasis. After a period of conservative management, the patient eventually underwent diagnostic laparoscopy, revealing a perforated gallbladder with biliary peritonitis.
An Online Review Research Based on Opinion Dynamics Model
Authors: Lin Zizhan , Zhou Jinlian , Wu Ye , Xiao Jinghua 
Published: October 2024

Due to the rapid growth of Internet, consumers obtain information about products and experiences from online rating platforms, which further influences their purchase decisions. Considering the differences in the opinion interaction pattern, traditional opinion dynamics models cannot explain individual review behaviors. In order to explore the evolution process of opinions on the online review platform, we optimized the network structure and confidence thresholds of traditional models based on the collected data from Dianping, and created an opinion dynamics model for online rating platforms. The proposed method can advance the understanding for the evolution process of online opinion.
Research on News Editing Skills of Radio Stations Based on New Media Era
Authors: Meng Qingli 
Published: October 2024

With the continuous development of Internet technology, the development of radio stations has encountered great challenges. Facing the current situation, how to effectively deal with the news gathering and editing work plays a vital role in the further development of radio stations. For this reason, this paper briefly analyzes the news editing skills of radio stations under the new media environment, with a view to providing some references for the radio and television industry.
FAT vs SIT Mechanical Seal Testing
Authors: Kappelhoff G. H. , Cameron R. , Bernedo J. , Cumming H. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Components of an ESP undergo testing prior to and during assembly. A factory acceptance test (FAT) occurs with criteria designed to ensure components operate satisfactorily. At times, a system integration test (SIT) will also be undertaken operating the assembled components in a loaded condition. This paper primarily focuses on the protector/seal which passes all testing, including the FAT but fails post SIT testing due to unacceptable levels of contamination inside the upper bag. This paper covers the findings from two sets of SITs conducted at separate facilities and demonstrates leaking occurs in the protector/seal that is not accounted for in the pre-SIT testing criteria.
Experience of Production Increases in High Run Life Wells by Injection Optimization and the Inclusion of PMM Technology
Authors: Pino F. R. , Siri E. G. , Maldonado G. E. , Orozco M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Optimizing extensive ESP fields is a mandatory task in terms of carbon footprint and efficiency. The main goal is to keep the equipment running with the best efficiency as long as possible, acknowledging the ESP will show normal wear due to the operation. This analysis focuses on enhancing energy efficiency, allowing the definition of the true production capabilities by comparing operating conditions related to the motor technologies available for generating the best opportunities of improvement.
By observing the well production response to increased injection in a seemingly optimized condition, it was proceeded to replace the ESP, incorporating PMM technology and a downhole sensor. This enabled us to:
Define the actual IPR curve Simulate the condition on the extracted equipment (IM without a downhole sensor) Validate the deviation in ESP system efficiency Verify ESP wear through bench testing
This approach allows for a comparison of extraction efficiency and the impact of wear associated with extended equipment run life.
Based on the study findings, it is inferred that in ESPs with extended run life (&gt;2000 days), wear leads to a decline in energy and production efficiency, reducing efficiency by up to 18.6%. These results prompt preventive measures to optimize wells, boosting production without significantly altering energy consumption. This is achievable by transitioning to PMM-equipped systems, significantly enhancing overall efficiency. With these results, preventive actions can be taken to adapt the wells and obtain an increase in production without considerably modifying energy consumption. This is possible through changing technology, installing PMM equipment and significantly improving the efficiency of the system. In addition, it allows capturing production that was not considered, establishing the correct extractive status of the well. Additionally, the impact on energy efficiency contributes to the reduction of CO2 emissions and improvement in specific consumption (KW/m3/d). Ultimately, assessing a well's extractive condition considering wear, reduced lifting capacity, and increased power consumption of an ESP is crucial. This approach facilitates well adaptation planning, minimizing downtime impact, enhancing system efficiency, and capturing additional oil in genuinely underexploited wells, thus preventing equipment failure
This analysis provides an opportunity to accurately measure production status and true well potential. Enhancing extraction in these cases can significantly boost oil production (69% of increase in total fluid and about 150% in terms of net oil). The comparison performed considers post injection changes versus adequation of the system installing motors with PMM technology also around 17% savings in terms of energy are reached.
ESP Edge Analytics and Control to Optimize Efficiency While Automating Flow Targets at Site
Authors: Funes M. S. , Albori M. M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Optimization of Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP) systems is critical in enhancing production and maintaining healthy system integrity. Edge analytics can allow for the following functions to be performed on site (at the edge); ESP system control, automatic production optimization, system stabilization for challenging applications and power consumption optimization. Automating/controlling the system at the edge eliminates possible communication issues that could be faced through conventional remote adjustment methods.
Edge analytic process control can be programed in the field to automatically adjust the VFC Volt/Hz ratio output to achieve the desired flowrate while delivering the optimal voltage to the motor maximizing motor load and optimizing motor efficiency. ESP motor efficiency is optimized by operating at the required pump speed and the recommended motor load, above 70% in the most common motor of 2 poles AC triphasic induction. Motor load can be increased by changing motor voltage and therefore adjusting nominal horsepower (HP) to be closer to required break horsepower (BHP).
The implementation of this methodology with edge analytics control system can help to achieve production targets. The first objective is to maintain production sustainability in a reliable and efficient way. The second one is to minimize the power consumption by operating the system at optimal efficiency. In addition, these objectives are attained with no onsite surveillance or intervention apart from initial set-up and adjustments when needed. Well flowrate, wellhead pressure, wellhead temperature, VFC parameters and downhole sensor data is communicated in real time to the edge analytics control system. The programing will use a set of algorithms to control VFC output Voltage/Frequency to achieve a flowrate target desire. The control will be conditioned to min/max limits on critical parameters to maintain the ESP inside its Recommended Operating Range (ROR).
Using Edge technology to automate the optimization of ESP systems should improve the ability to maintain sustainable production in an efficient and reliable way. This paper aims to shed light on the subject of using edge analytics to automate and optimize the process through ESP operating parameter adjustments.