bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Cosmic War Ends
Authors: Juergensmeyer Mark 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Like many other extremist movements, the Islamic State (isis) is propelled by an image of engagement in a grand cosmic war. Under what conditions does cosmic war end? The case of isis gives several possible answers, though we have to take both internal and external perspectives into account. The internal conditions include a loss of divine sanctions, in-fighting, a sense of rising doubt about the mission of the movement, discredited leadership when the leader is seen as less than legitimate, and the availability of alternative opportunities when combatants see opportunities for their roles in a non-war state. External conditions for ending cosmic war are equally important. Responses by government authorities include the maintenance of strong limitations on the ability of a movement to become violent, providing ways for the accommodation and rehabilitation of troops and leaders involved in the defeated movement, and an attitude of respect and cultural acceptance for communities that may have supported the extremist movements. In Iraq and Syria, it remains to be seen how Sunni Arab culture and leadership will be treated in a post-isis society. Military liberation is only part of the process of reintegration of the Arab Sunni population into the political life of those countries. A full acceptance into the political process will also be required. Failing that, the spirit of cosmic war will in all probability continue, and the conditions will be ripe for a renewal of militant encounter in the future.
Challenging the Curious Erasure of Religion from the Study of Religious Terrorism
Authors: Dawson Lorne L. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The role that religion plays in the motivation of “religious terrorism” is the subject of much ongoing dispute, even in the case of jihadist groups. Some scholars, for differing reasons, deny that it has any role; others acknowledge the religious character of jihadism in particular, but subtly discount the role of religion, while favoring other explanations for this form of terrorism. Extending an argument begun elsewhere (Dawson 2014, 2017), this article delineates and criticizes the influence of a normative religious bias, on the one hand, and a normative secular bias, on the other hand, on scholarship addressing the relationship between religiosity and terrorism. I examine two illustrative studies to demonstrate the complexity of the conceptual issues at stake: Karen Armstrong’s best-selling book Fields of Blood: Religion and the History of Violence (2014) and a recent article by Bart Schuurman and John G. Horgan on the rationales for terrorist violence in homegrown jihadist groups (2016).
“Among the Believers Are Men”
Authors: Nanninga Pieter 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This article examines how the Islamic State has framed its extraordinary losses of manpower by analyzing the role of early-Islamic traditions in the martyr biographies included in its magazines Dabiq and Rumiyah. After exploring how is has composed these biographies, by focusing on their narrative structure and central themes, the article demonstrates that early-Islamic traditions about jihad and martyrdom form an important subtext of these articles. They contain many implicit references to stories about Muḥammad and his companions, by means of which is attempts to define and authorize the status of its killed operatives as martyrs and therefore as potentially powerful witnesses of its cause. Yet, the article subsequently argues, the martyrs as portrayed in the magazines are also thoroughly modern characters reflecting contemporary processes such as globalization, individualization, and deculturation. is thus invests classical Islamic traditions with new meanings by employing them in new contexts. Hence, the article concludes that understanding the dynamic role of Islamic scriptures in is’s discourse is crucial if we are to grasp the composition and appeal of is’s biographies and therefore also how is frames its losses and motivates actions of self-sacrifice among its operatives and supporters.
Repackaging India’s Sacred Geography: Travel Agencies and Pilgrimage-Related Travel
Authors: Aukland Knut 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This article is an attempt to open up the study of pilgrimage and tourism by concentrating on the role of travel agencies in developing Hindu pilgrimage in India. Identifying two limitations in the ongoing debate, it makes use of less-explored themes and concepts including travel menus, package tours, itineraries, day tours, circuits, and scheduling. Surveying 46 travel brochures and popular tours promoted by travel agencies in Delhi, Haridwar, and Vrindavan, it investigates how travel agencies repackage the sacred geography of Hinduism, tying it up with the broader tourist geography of India. Turning to the varied motivations of participants in day tours to pilgrimage sites, I present my analysis of the overarching developments in what I call pilgrimage-related travel. Crucially, visits to pilgrimage sites are increasingly framed as darshan tours reflecting how increased scheduling privileges darshan and donation as the principal religious act.
Hierocles and the Stoic Theory of Blending
Authors: Helle Reier 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In Stoic physics, blending (κρᾶσις) is the relation between active pneuma and passive matter; natural bodies from rocks and logs to plants, animals and the cosmos itself are blends of pneuma and matter. Blending structures the Stoic cosmos. I develop a new interpretation of the Stoic theory of blending, based on passages from Hierocles. The theory of blending, I argue, has been misunderstood. Hierocles allows us to see in detail how the theory is supposed to work and how it fits into Stoic physics.
Culture of Science and Science Policy Making: A Qualitative Study of Solar Photovoltaic (spv) Technology Development in India
Authors: Devaraj P. , Haribabu E. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Employing Mode 2 science perspective, the present study attempts to understand the interaction of culture of science and science policy making in Solar Photovoltaic (spv) research and technology development in India. Despite an early start, India has been lacking in the process of development and deployment of spv technologies since the 1960s. The study explores the factors that affected the spv research and technology development programmes in India. Using in-depth and semi-structured interviews, data were collected from scientists located in different academic and R&D institutions engaged in production of application oriented knowledge. The study points out that over time the conditions of spv research have been mediated by the problematic construction of public policy making in the area of energy. Unimaginative and half-hearted approach to policy making contributed to discontinuous production of knowledge and made spv technology and industrial development insignificant. This kind of ambience produced multiple effects like little or no interaction between academia-industry interaction, and crisis in the production of scientific knowledge, alienation of scientific community. The study concludes that spv science and technology development was considered at one stage as inappropriate to the Indian context for various reasons, and consequently failed to develop the strategic and commercial area of research like silicon.
Global Capitalism and the Neoliberal Privatization of Energy Reserves: A Mexico Case Study
Authors: del Castillo-Mussot Marcelo , Montemayor-Aldrete Jorge A. , Sprague-Silgado Jeb , de la Lama Garcia Alfredo 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In 2013 state officials operating through the three federal government branches of Mexico mutilated the country’s constitution, privatizing upwards of seventy-five percent of the country’s hydrocarbon reserves. This article suggests that this neoliberal strategy, carried out by transnationally oriented elites operating through state apparatuses in Mexico (and promoted by officials in Washington and within the International Financial Institutions), is meant to benefit transnational capital. Such drastic change to Mexico’s legal order, we argue, in fact violated the country’s constitution and symbolized a break with the country’s earlier model of development. The federal government’s anti-constitutional behavior, specifically its violation of Article 136 of the constitution, provides a legal basis for dismissing top officials from their posts and moving toward a constitutional assembly.
Legalizing Illegitimate Large-Scale Land Deals for Commercial Agriculture in Cameroon
Authors: Fonjong Lotsmart , Fokum Sama-Lang Irene Dione N. , Fombe Lawrence , Abonge Christiana 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Many communities in Cameroon are fast losing large expanse of ancestral land in the wake of a global land rush to local and foreign capitalists operating in the mining and agricultural sectors. This study examines the legal status of commercial land acquisition, the extent to which investors are complying with the law, and the land rights of those affected. It is based on primary data collected through interviews conducted among local administrative and traditional authorities, community members, and civil society organizations. The article highlights how agro-investors with complicity of the State have exploited weakness in Cameroon land laws to dispossess poor communities from ancestral lands. Findings indicate that in violating both laws and due processes to acquire land, the current land rush has left affected communities impoverished and without land and security. Commercial agriculture has displaced communities from traditional sources of livelihood to promote international capitalist interest.
Save Mary Jane Veloso: Solidarity and Global Migrant Activism in the Filipino Labor Diaspora
Authors: Francisco-Menchavez Valerie 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
On April 29, 2015, Mary Jane Veloso, a Filipina migrant worker who was sentenced to death in Indonesia for trafficking heroin into the country, was granted a stay of execution by Indonesian President Joko Widodo. In this article, I argue that transnational networks activated by this case exemplify the power of systematic migrant worker organizing both in Filipino diasporic sites where Filipinos migrant use ongoing local campaign work against precarity to create migrant class consciousness in critique of neoliberalism and the Philippine state.
Palestinian Women’s Participation in the Labor Force in the West Bank: Realities, Challenges, and Solutions
Authors: Jabali Oqab Mahmoud 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The Palestinian labor force has witnessed many structural changes; most of them are not to the benefit of workers mainly women. It is characterized by a lack of security, low women participation, gender inequality, low wages, and absence of benefits. This study aims to identify the Palestinian policies adopted to increase women’s participation in labor force and the reality of such participation on the ground. It also aims to explore obstacles (political, legal, social, and economic) that limit their participation in the labor market using a descriptive-analytical approach based on the most recent statistics and surveys. The study results show that although women’s participation is increasing, it is still below worldwide levels due to social, economic, legal, and political impediments. The researcher recommends the necessity of raising society awareness of women’s employment, and that more jobs are to be provided for women by the private and public sectors.
Microfinance: An Intervention for HIV/AIDS Awareness among Indian Women
Authors: Singh Swati , Celebi Mehmet 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This article examines a major health issue, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS), affecting the lives of many women and families in India. Developmental programs working to promote HIV/AIDS awareness have been slow and relatively ineffective as it is considered “immoral” and socially unacceptable in the country. Under such conditions, the study provides promising results of intervention programs, such as microfinance, as an effective medium to spread awareness of the infection. The findings are important for policy makers as they provide them with a framework that can help in expanding the reach and delivery of information, especially to the targeted population.
When Will the Cessation of Speaking in Tongues and Revelatory Gifts Take Place?
Authors: Oropeza B.J. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This article discusses recent interpretations of 1 Corinthians 13:8–10, particularly those of biblical scholars Daniel B. Wallace and James W. Scott. Both scholars advocate for the cessation of speaking in tongues, and they avoid the classic argument that the “perfect” in this passage refers to the close of the biblical canon and full revelation of Scripture. Rather, Wallace argues from the middle voice in Greek for the early cessation of speaking in tongues, and Scott argues from the delayed Parousia for the cessation of tongues and revelatory gifts. This article responds to their arguments and reaffirms that Paul is claiming here that speaking in tongues and revelatory gifts will not cease until the Parousia takes place.
Holding My Anchor in Turbulent Waters
Authors: Bangura Joseph Bosco 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Migration has not only led to the growth of African Pentecostalism in Belgium, it has also ignited interest in Pentecostalism’s conceptions of God. This article discusses African Pentecostalism’s articulation of its beliefs about God in an overtly disenchanted Belgian public sphere in which religion is impugned. This article contends that in the secularized West, African Pentecostalism presents a view of God as the anchor of stability in turbulent waters. This God, African Pentecostals aver, is the structuring principle who sustains human well-being. For this reason, praises, prayers, and prophetic proclamations are offered to God, from whom the pentecostal faithful expect healing, deliverance, and miracles.
The Protection of Minors in UAE Law as Persons in Need: An Analytical Study
Authors: Jadalhaq Iyad Mohammad , al-Qatawnah Ibrahim Sulaiman 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This article reviews the legal regime for the protection of minors in the UAE. First, the rights of minors protected under threat of criminal sanctions, as enshrined in the UAE Children Rights Law 2016, is addressed. Subsequently, the protection of minors in civil legislation, especially with regard to financial transactions, is considered by examining the legal effects of acts performed by minors themselves or by agents on their behalf. The legal authority of a minor’s agent to act on his/her behalf is outlined and the consequences of acts performed by the minor or his/her agent beyond legal limits is presented. Finally, the role of the Social Care and Minors Affairs Foundation (SCMAF) is considered when caring for minors and protecting their property. The article concludes with an assessment of the legal regime for the protection of minors, especially in connection with financial transactions, evaluates the guarantees and safeguards included therein, and issues some additional recommendations.
Bones of Contention: China’s World War II Military Graves in India, Burma, and Papua New Guinea
Authors: Vu Linh D. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Exploring the construction and maintenance of Nationalist Chinese soldiers’ graves overseas, this article sheds light on post-World War II commemorative politics. After having fought for the Allies against Japanese aggression in the China-Burma-India Theater, the Chinese expeditionary troops sporadically received posthumous care from Chinese veterans and diaspora groups. In the Southeast Asia Theater, the Chinese soldiers imprisoned in the Japanese-run camps in Rabaul were denied burial in the Allied war cemetery and recognition as military heroes. Analyzing archival documents from China, Taiwan, Britain, Australia, and the United States, I demonstrate how the afterlife of Chinese servicemen under foreign sovereignties mattered in the making of the modern Chinese state and its international status.
Giovanni Battista Raimondi’s Travel in the Middle East
Authors: Farina Margherita 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The paper publishes the inedited document Miscellanea Medicea 719, ins. 56, n. 1 of Florence State Archive, containing the account of a journey by land from Hormuz to Venice, dated to 1575, preceded by a brief critical introduction. 19th century Italian historiography has attributed the account to Giovanni Battista Raimondi (1536 ca.-1614), scientific director of the Typographia Medicea (Rome 1584). Raimondi has been considered also as the author of the travel, describing his experience in the first person (plural). This paper argues, on linguistic and text-critical grounds, that Raimondi did not make such a travel, nor did he compose the account, but merely copied the document in the context of the preparation of a mission to Egypt and Persia of Giovanni Battista Vecchietti, who left to Alexandria in 1584, as a papal envoy.
Disintegration and Hope for Revival in the Land of the Two Rivers as Reflected in the Novels of Sinan Antoon
Authors: Elimelekh Geula 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This article deals with three metafictional novels by the Iraqi-American writer Sinan Antoon: Iʿǧām (An Iraqi Rhapsody, 2004), Yā Maryam (Hail Mary, 2012), and Waḥdahā šaǧarat al-rummān (The Pomegranate Alone, 2010), author-translated into English as The Corpse Washer (2013). The novels are set in Iraq during Ṣaddām Ḥusayn’s dictatorship and in the aftermath of America’s invasion. Antoon juxtaposes the terror of Iraqi life against characters seeking to survive through their mind-bending determination to see beauty in their fragmented world. To achieve his paradox, Antoon transports readers of his narrative’s here-and-now into transcendent unrealities by using magical realism. A kind of three-dimensional dialectic operates between the natural and supernatural, and rationality and irrationality in which characters’ find in their dreams respite by suspending accepted definitions of time, place, and identity. Writing in Arabic, Antoon highlights two conflicting functions of language and letters as vehicles of destruction and creativity.
Antoon’s three novels, each from its own perspective, reflect his belief that although Iraq is presently in a state of disintegration, the Iraqi people are resolute in their willingness to overcome hardship and to resurrect their nation in their lifetime.
Ḥizballāh and Lebanese Nationalism: The muqāwamah Proposal, Limits and Perimeters
Authors: Di Donato Marco 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In this paper, an attempt was made to understand whether the ideological proposal of the muqāwamah (Islamic resistance), advanced by Ḥizballāh from 1982 until the present day, can be considered as a national value that is valid not only for the Shia community, but also for other communities, such as Christian or Sunni. In this paper, an attempt was made to understand whether the ideological proposal of the muqāwamah, advanced by Ḥizballāh from 1982 until the present day, can be considered as a national value that is valid not only for the Shia community, but also for other communities, such as Christian or Sunni.
Speaking Secular, Acting Sectarian. Lebanese Women’s Rights beyond the Constitution
Authors: Di Peri Rosita 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to show that, despite the constitutional provisions that sanction the equality of all Lebanese, women’s rights in Lebanon are subject to different (social, religious and political) constraints. In a system characterised by a complex and often perverse interweaving of state norms, religious tribunal norms, society structure and politics, women’s rights have received little to no attention or protection. This is the result, we argue, of the institutionalisation of the communities in the 1900s that has created, over the years, a system of power that has increasingly aimed to exclude state sovereignty from specific areas. The creation of autonomous spaces of power exempt from constitutional dictates and state laws has given religious leaders enormous decision-making (and contractual) power that has contributed to creating systems parallel to the state to manage individuals’ lives. This has had major consequences, especially for women.
The Role of Women in Tunisia from Bourguiba to the Promulgation of New Constitution
Authors: El Houssi Leila 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The question of women became one of those fundamental issues used by North African nations in order to demonstrate to Western countries just how “democratic” they were. In this regard, the legislation in favour of women’s emancipation in Tunisia undoubtedly reveals an important peculiarity. In 1956 Tunisia underwent an important modernisation following the independence obtained from France. This produced a social emancipation not found in other Islamic countries, resulting in the acquisition of women’s rights, for example, the abolition of polygamy. Since the 1970s, women have felt as if they are hostages to politics and, through some feminist associations, denounce inequalities despite enjoying certain rights, becoming aware of their subordination in a male-dominated society. With Bourguiba’s successor, Ben ʿAlī, assuming power in 1987, a policy emerged in which the rights of women seemed to be guaranteed, without guaranteeing human rights. And Tunisia revealed, much like other countries, a sort of mutilated modernity, in which the modernisation process was put in motion, without the modernising state committing itself to promoting a political modernity with the adoption of true democratic principles.
Moreover, how much did the secularism of the Ben ʿAlī regime coincide with the transformation of Tunisian society? Perhaps the abuse of power by the dictator neutralised the paradigm of human rights? Social and cultural transformation beginning with Bourguiba and continuing with Ben ʿAlī produced an “Islamic-secular” country also as it relates to gender issues. But, with the victory of the Islamic party al-Nahḍayn the 2011 elections, will there be a radical transformation of women in society? And with Tunisia’s new constitution finally being adopted in January 2014, has it been considered a victory for women?
This paper seeks to stimulate debate on the issue in the context of post-colonial studies through a social-historical perspective.
Visual and Verbal Commentaries in Renaissance Astronomy: Erasmus Reinhold’s Treatment of Classical Sources on Astronomy
Authors: Omodeo Pietro D. , Tupikova Irina 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Immediately following the publication of Copernicus’s major work, De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (Nuremberg, 1543), the renowned Renaissance astronomer Erasmus Reinhold of Saalfeld (1511–1553) issued a Greek-and-Latin edition of the first book of Ptolemy’s Almagest with commentaries. It was entitled Ptolemaei Mathematicae constructionis liber primus (Wittenberg, in 1549). Employing images and textual commentaries, Reinhold aimed to make Ptolemy’s work accessible to his students at the University of Wittenberg. The commentary strengthened fundamental cosmological arguments presented in the first book of the Almagest, especially the central position of the Earth in the cosmos and its immobility. The Reinhold edition documents Renaissance commentary practices and their dynamic and transformative character. It is argued that the publication of Copernicus’s heliocentric theory motivated astronomy professors such as Reinhold to reassess Ptolemy’s cosmological arguments and analyze them with renewed interest.