bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Choice via grouping procedures
Authors: Matsuki Jun , Tadenuma Koichi 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we consider a natural procedure of decision‐making, the grouping choice methods, which leads to a kind of bounded rational choice. In this procedure a decision‐maker first divides the set of available alternatives into some groups and in each group she chooses the best element (winner) for her preference relation. Then, among the winners in the first round, she selects the best one as her final choice. We characterize grouping choice methods in three different ways. First, we show that a choice function is a grouping choice method if and only if it is a rational shortlist method (Manzini and Mariotti ) in which the first rationale is transitive. Second, grouping choice methods are axiomatically characterized by means of a new axiom called elimination, in addition to two well‐known axioms, expansion and weak WARP (Manzini and Mariotti ). Third, grouping choice methods are also characterized by a weak version of path independence.
Ferroelectric properties of Li‐doped BaTiO3 ceramics
Authors: Lou Qiwei , Shi Xue , Ruan Xuezheng , Zeng Jiangtao , Man Zhenyong , Zheng Liaoying , Park Chul Hong , Li Guorong 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe prepared 3 kinds of Li+‐doped BaTiO3 ceramics by the solid‐state reaction method: (i) (Ba1−xLix)TiO3−x/2 having A‐site Li+, (ii) Ba(Ti1−xLix)O3−3x/2 having B‐site Li+, and (iii) x/2 Li2CO3+BaTiO3 mixed one, for which we investigated the stable site of Li. The density of all prepared ceramics is above 95%. The results show that the lattice structure, the grain size, and the electric properties of Li+‐doped BaTiO3 ceramics are dependent on Li+ site. According to the increase in Li content, the cell volume of Ba1−xLixTiO3−x/2 decreases, but that of BaTi1−xLixO3−3x/2 increases. That of x/2Li2CO3+BaTiO3 decreases by the small addition of Li, but increases by the large addition of Li. All Li+‐doped ceramics show antiferroelectric‐like double hysteresis loops. The shape of loops and the dielectric properties are also dependent on the Li site. We suggest that the role of oxygen vacancy accompanied by the Li‐doping is important. By comparison with the results of 3 type ceramics, it is concluded that at x/2Li2CO3+BaTiO3 ceramics, the Li+ prefers to favorably substitute Ba2+ at A site for the low concentration of Li but its location was changed to Ti4+ site for the high concentration of Li.
Tunable emission color of Li2SrSiO4:Tb3+ due to cross‐relaxation process and optical thermometry investigation
Authors: Zhou Xiao , Jiang Sha , Xiang Guotao , Tang Xiao , Luo Xiaobing , Li Li , Zhou Xianju 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA series of Li2SrSiO4:xTb3+ (0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 2%, 4%, and 6%) phosphors were prepared by conventional solid‐state reaction. It was found that this silicate phosphor has a wide excitation band at near‐ultraviolet region (230‐300 nm) due to spin‐allowed 4f 8→4f75d1 transitions of Tb3+ ions, with the exact position dependent on the crystal field of the lattice. The cross‐relaxation process originating from 5D3→5D4 and 7F6→7F0 happened between different Tb3+ ions. It leads to the luminescence color of Li2SrSiO4: xTb3+ tuning from blue to green just by controlling Tb3+ concentrations. Furthermore, concentration quenching mechanism, energy migration type, cross‐relaxation rate and efficiency, are discussed in detail. Finally, optical thermometry properties were investigated via temperature‐dependent emission spectra. The results show that low‐concentration‐doped sample (Li2SrSiO4:0.4%Tb3+) shows remarkable optical thermometry based on fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) between the blue and green emission of Tb3+ ions, whereas the high‐concentration‐doped sample (Li2SrSiO4:4%Tb3+) demonstrates small emission intensity loss. It illustrates that terbium‐doped silicate phosphor is a multifunctional material with potential application for display field and optical thermometry.
Early laser intervention to reduce scar formation – a systematic review
Authors: Karmisholt K.E. , Haerskjold A. , Karlsmark T. , Waibel J. , Paasch U. , Haedersdal M. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe ability of laser treatment to affect wound healing and subsequently minimize scar formation has been investigated in recent years. However, no systematic review links these clinical trials. The aim of this study was to systematically review and evaluate clinical evidence for early laser intervention to reduce scar formation in studies where laser treatment was introduced less than 3 months after wounding. We searched PubMed using relevant keywords in June 2017. Titles, abstracts and articles were sorted according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Methodological quality was evaluated according to Cochrane Collaborations risk‐of‐bias assessment guideline by two independent authors. Twenty‐five articles met the inclusion criteria. In total, 22 of 25 studies were controlled studies, and 17 of 25 studies compared laser treatment vs. untreated control scars. The following laser devices have been investigated: pulsed dye laser (PDL), potassium‐titanyl‐phosphate (KTP) laser, fractional erbium:glass 1540 nm/1550 nm, fractional/full ablation erbium‐doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Er:YAG) laser or fractional CO2 laser. Eighteen studies applied laser treatments 2–4 times with 2‐ to 8‐week intervals, while seven studies applied only one laser treatment. Follow‐up time ranged from 1 to 12 months with 18 studies using a follow‐up time ≤3 months. In general, laser‐treated wounds and scars showed benefit from laser intervention, though not always reaching significance. Significant scar improvement was found in three of four studies using laser treatment in inflammation phase, in six of 16 studies with laser initiated in the proliferation phase and in two of five studies in the remodelling phase. High risk of bias was found in randomization and allocation concealment, and low risk of bias with regard to blinding of outcome assessment and lost to follow‐up. In conclusion, laser intervention when introduced in inflammation, proliferation or remodelling phase has the potential to reduce cutaneous scar formation. Further, high‐quality studies are needed before standard protocols can be implemented in clinical practice.
The role of performance appraisals in motivating employees
Authors: Kamphorst Jurjen J.A. , Swank Otto H. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWorkers' rewards and career perspectives often depend on how their supervisors perceive their performance. However, evaluating a worker's performance is often difficult. We develop a model in which a worker is uncertain about his own performance and about his supervisor's ability to assess him. The supervisor gives the worker a performance appraisal aiming to affect both the worker's self‐perception and his own credibility in assessing the performance. We examine how performance appraisals affect the worker's future performance. Our model's predictions are consistent with empirical findings. Supervisors give, on average, “too” positive appraisals, and both positive and negative feedback can (de)motivate workers.
Comparing Asset Pricing Models
Authors: BARILLAS FRANCISCO , SHANKEN JAY 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTA Bayesian asset pricing test is derived that is easily computed in closed form from the standard F‐statistic. Given a set of candidate traded factors, we develop a related test procedure that permits the computation of model probabilities for the collection of all possible pricing models that are based on subsets of the given factors. We find that the recent models of Hou, Xue, and Zhang (2015a, 2015b) and Fama and French (2015, 2016) are dominated by a variety of models that include a momentum factor, along with value and profitability factors that are updated monthly.
Morphological diversity and phylogeny of the diatom genus Entomoneis (Bacillariophyta) in marine plankton: six new species from the Adriatic Sea
Authors: Mejdandžić Maja , Bosak Sunčica , Nakov Teofil , Ruck Elizabeth , Orlić Sandi , Gligora Udovič Marija , Peharec Štefanić Petra , Špoljarić Igor , Mršić Gordan , Ljubešić Zrinka 
Published: February 2018

The diatom genus Entomoneis is known from the benthos and plankton of marine, brackish, and freshwaters. Entomoneis includes diatoms with a bilobate keel elevated above the valve surface, a sigmoid canal raphe, and numerous girdle bands. Owing mostly to the scarcity of molecular data for a diverse set of species, the phylogeny of Entomoneis has not been investigated in depth. The few previous studies that included Entomoneis were focused on broader questions and the available data were from a small number of either unidentified Entomoneis or well‐known species (e.g., E. paludosa). Since the first description of new species combining both molecular and morphological characters (E. tenera), we have continued to cultivate and investigate Entomoneis in the plankton of the Adriatic Sea. Combined multigene phylogeny (SSU rDNA sequences, rbcL, and psbC genes) and morphological observations (LM, SEM and TEM) revealed six new Entomoneis species supported by phylogenetic and morphological data: E. pusilla, E. gracilis, E. vilicicii, E. infula, E. adriatica, and E. umbratica. The most important morphological features for species delineation were cell shape, the degree and mode of torsion, valve apices, the appearance and structure of the transition between keel and valve body, the ultrastructure and the shape of the girdle bands, and the arrangement and density of perforations along the valve and valvocopulae. Our results highlight the underappreciated diversity of Entomoneis and call for a more in‐depth morphological and molecular investigation of this genus especially in planktonic habitats.
The use of a combination of instrumental methods to assess change in sensory crispness during storage of a “Honeycrisp” apple breeding family
Authors: Chang Hsueh‐Yuan , Vickers Zata M. , Tong Cindy B. S. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractLoss of crispness in apple fruit during storage reduces the fruit's fresh sensation and consumer acceptance. Apple varieties that maintain crispness thus have higher potential for longer‐term consumer appeal. To efficiently phenotype crispness, several instrumental methods have been tested, but variable results were obtained when different apple varieties were assayed. To extend these studies, we assessed the extent to which instrumental measurements correlate to and predict sensory crispness, with a focus on crispness maintenance. We used an apple breeding family derived from a cross between “Honeycrisp” and “MN1764,” which segregates for crispness maintenance. Three types of instrumental measurements (puncture, snapping, and mechanical‐acoustic tests) and sensory evaluation were performed on fruit at harvest and after 8 weeks of cold storage. Overall, 20 genotypes from the family and the 2 parents were characterized by 19 force and acoustic measures. In general, crispness was more related to force than to acoustic measures. Force linear distance and maximum force as measured by the mechanical‐acoustic test were best correlated with sensory crispness and change in crispness, respectively. The correlations varied by apple genotype. The best multiple linear regression model to predict change in sensory crispness between harvest and storage of fruit of this breeding family incorporated both force and acoustic measures.Practical applicationsThis work compared the abilities of instrumental tests to predict sensory crispness maintenance of apple fruit. The use of an instrumental method that is highly correlated to sensory crispness evaluation can enhance the efficiency and reduce the cost of measuring crispness for breeding purposes. This study showed that sensory crispness and change in crispness after storage of an apple breeding family were reliably predicted with a combination of instrumental measurements and multiple variable analyses. The strategy potentially can be applied to other apple varieties for more accurate interpretation of crispness maintenance measured instrumentally.
Virtue, affection, and the social good: The moral philosophy of Catharine Trotter Cockburn and the Bluestockings
Authors: Sheridan Patricia 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis paper explores the intellectual relationship between three eighteenth century women thinkers: Catharine Trotter Cockburn, and the Bluestockings Elizabeth Carter and Catherine Talbot. All three share a virtue‐ethical approach according to which human happiness depends on the harmonization of our essentially rational and sociable natures. The affinity between the Bluestockings and Cockburn, I show, illuminates important new avenues for thinking about the Bluestockings as philosophers in their own right and for thinking about the feminist dimensions of Cockburn's morality. Further, their shared moral outlook sheds interesting light on the burgeoning feminism of the eighteenth century and the contributions of Cockburn and the Bluestockings to a new and growing discourse about women and their social and political role.
The conceptual critique of innateness
Authors: Linquist Stefan 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIt is widely recognized that the innate versus acquired distinction is a false dichotomy. Yet many scientists continue to describe certain traits as “innate” and take this to imply that those traits are not acquired, or “unlearned.” This article asks what cognitive role, if any, the concept of innateness should play in the psychological and behavioural sciences. I consider three arguments for eliminating innateness from scientific discourse. First, the classification of a trait as innate is thought to discourage empirical research into its developmental origin. Second, this concept lumps together a number of different biological properties that ought to be treated as distinct. Third, innateness is associated with the outmoded folk biological theory of essentialism. In response to these objections, I consider two attempts to revise the concept of innateness which aim to make it more suitable for scientific explanation and research. One proposal is that innateness can be defined in terms of the biological property of environmental canalization. On this view, a trait is innate to the extent that it is developmentally buffered against a range of different environments. Another proposal is that innateness serves as an explanatory primitive for cognitive science. This view holds that there exist a sharp boundary between psychological and biological explanations and that to identify a trait as innate means that it falls into the latter explanatory domain. This essay ends with some questions for future research.
Evidence for Reverse Hoogsteen Hairpin Intermediates in the Photocrosslinking of Human Telomeric DNA Sequences
Authors: Lu Chen , Smith‐Carpenter Jillian E. , Taylor John‐Stephen A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractUVB irradiation of human telomeric d(GGGTTA)3GGG sequences in potassium ion solution crosslinks the first and third TTA segments through anti cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) formation. The photocrosslinking reaction was first proposed to occur through a form 3 two‐tetrad G‐quadruplex in which the lateral four‐nucleotide GTTA loop can interact with an adjacent TTA loop. Curiously, the reaction does not occur with sodium ion, which was explained by the formation of a basket structure which only has three‐nucleotide TTA loops that cannot interact. Sequences known or expected to favor the two‐tetrad basket did not show enhanced photocrosslinking, suggesting that some other structure was the reactive intermediate. Herein, we report that anti CPDs form in human telomeric DNA sequences with lithium ion that is known to disfavor G‐quadruplex formation, as well as with potassium ion when the bases are modified to interfere with G‐quartet formation. We also show that anti CPDs form in sequences containing A's in place of G's that cannot form Hoogsteen hairpins, but can form reverse Hoogsteen hairpins. These results suggest that reverse Hoogsteen hairpins may play a hitherto unrecognized role in the biology and photoreactivity of DNA in telomeres, and possibly in other purine‐rich sequences found in regulatory regions.
Light‐based methods for whole blood bacterial inactivation enabled by a recirculating flow system
Authors: Kim Gwangseong , Karbaschi Mahsa , Cooke Marcus , Gaitas Angelo 
Published: February 2018

AbstractLight of certain wavelengths can be used to inactivate pathogens. Whole blood is opaque; thus, the penetration of light is reduced. Here, we overcame this limitation using a thin transparent tube that is illuminated from all angles. Three light‐based techniques were evaluated: photodynamic therapy (PDT) using a 660‐nm light and antibody‐photosensitizer conjugates, ultraviolet, and violet light. We observed a reduction of 55–71% of Staphylococcus aureus after 5 h of exposure (starting concentration 107 CFU mL−1) and an 88–97% reduction in methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (starting 104 CFU mL−1). An 83–92% decrease for S. aureus and 98–99.9% decrease for MRSA were observed when combined with an immunocapture approach. Complete blood count with differential analysis did not reveal any significant changes in the blood cell numbers. Genotoxicity studies showed that violet and ultraviolet did not induce any significant level of single strand breaks and alkali labile sites in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). In contrast, ultraviolet did induce a very low level of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, a UV damage indicator. PDT generated a significant level of single strand breaks and 8‐oxoGua in these cells. The approaches showed promise for whole blood pathogen inactivation with minimal collateral damage to PBMC.
Multidisciplinary approach in a case of Hand–Schüller–Christian disease with maxillary involvement
Authors: Cazzolla Angela Pia , Testa Nunzio Francesco , Favia Gianfranco , Lacaita Maria Grazia , Ciavarella Domenico , Zhurakivska Khrystyna , Troiano Giuseppe , Lo Muzio Lorenzo 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTLangerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a childhood pathology with a peak of incidence ranging from 1 to 4 years of age, though diagnosis is often made in adult age. LCH is clinically classified into three types: eosinophilic granuloma, Hand–Schuller–Christian disease and Abt–Letterer–Siwe disease. We report a case of Hand–Schüller–Christian disease with diabetes insipidus, skull and maxillary involvement in a 16‐year‐old boy referred to our observation for gradual increase in mobility of the teeth and subsequent gradual loss of the second premolars and the first molars of the upper jaw. Due to the extension of the lesion and the age of the patient, surgery, and chemotherapy was chosen as the more fit treatment according to the current protocol. The clinical and radiological evaluation at the end of the therapy and after 5 years showed complete remission. The absence of relapse has allowed to initiate a fixed orthodontic dental alignment treatment with a good response to orthodontic treatment despite the underlying disease. The present case exemplifies the importance of close multidisciplinary dental and medical collaboration including general dentistry, periodontology, oral medicine, oral and maxillofacial pathology, oral radiology, orthodontics and hematology‐oncology for diagnosis, management, treatment monitoring, and decision‐making.
A serious adverse event secondary to rapid intravenous levetiracetam injection in a dog
Authors: Biddick Allison A. , Bacek Lenore M. , Taylor Amanda R. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo describe a serious adverse event as a result of rapid intravenous injection of undiluted levetiracetam in a dog.Case SummaryAn 8‐year‐old female spayed Chihuahua was evaluated for cluster seizures and tachypnea. The patient was administered an intravenous dose of undiluted levetiracetam (60 mg/kg) and immediately developed tachycardia, hyperglycemia, hypotension, and a dull mentation. The patient's blood pressure and mentation did not respond to intravenous fluid boluses but improved immediately after administration of epinephrine intravenously. The patient subsequently developed respiratory failure necessitating mechanical ventilation, prior to cardiac arrest. Necropsy examination noted a pulmonary inflammatory cell infiltrate, pulmonary edema, and interstitial pneumonia.New or Unique Information ProvidedThis report documents a serious adverse event associated with intravenous levetiracetam administration to a dog.
In Vitro
and
In Vivo
Activities of DS-2969b, a Novel GyrB Inhibitor, against Clostridium difficile
Authors: Mathur Tarun , Barman Tarani Kanta , Kumar Manoj , Singh Diksha , Kumar Ram , Khera Manoj Kumar , Yamada Makiko , Inoue Shin-ichi , Upadhyay Dilip Jatashankar , Masuda Nobuhisa 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

DS-2969b is a novel GyrB inhibitor that is currently under clinical development for the treatment of
Clostridium difficile
infection (CDI). In this study, the
in vitro
and
in vivo
activities of DS-2969b were evaluated. DS-2969b inhibited the supercoiling activity of
C. difficile
DNA gyrase. DS-2969b showed potent
in vitro
activity against
C. difficile
clinical isolates with a MIC
90
of 0.06 μg/ml, which was 2-, 32-, and 16-fold lower than the MIC
90
s of fidaxomicin, vancomycin, and metronidazole, respectively. DS-2969b did not select spontaneously resistant mutants of various
C. difficile
strains at 4× MIC, and the frequency of resistance development was less than 4.8 × 10
−9
. In a hamster CDI model, 5-day oral administration of DS-2969b conferred complete protection from recurrence and mortality at 0.3 mg/kg of body weight once a day, in contrast to a 50% survival rate with fidaxomicin at 3 mg/kg once a day and 0% with vancomycin at a 50-mg/kg/dose twice a day. Even a single oral administration of 1 mg/kg of DS-2969b in the CDI model exhibited 100% animal survival without recurrence. DS-2969b was also efficacious by 5-day subcutaneous administration in the CDI model. DS-2969b showed similar levels of fecal excretion after intravenous and oral administrations in rats. These data support further development of DS-2969b as a drug for oral and intravenous treatment of CDI.
Optimization of Brucella abortus Protocols for Downstream Molecular Applications
Authors: Hull Noah , Miller Jonathan , Berry David , Laegreid William , Smith Ashley , Klinghagen Callie , Schumaker Brant 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

We compared the performances of various DNA extraction kits for their ability to recover
Brucella abortus
strain 19 inoculated into
Brucella
-free bovine tissues. Tissues were homogenized in a FastPrep bead homogenizer and extracted in triplicate by using one of five kits (Qiagen DNeasy, GE Illustra, Omega Bio-tek E.Z.N.A., Quanta Extracta, and IBI Science DNA Tissue kit). Whole blood was also taken from animals prior to chemical euthanasia, aliquoted, and then fractioned into buffy coat, red blood cells, and plasma. DNA was extracted from whole blood, buffy coat, and plasma by using four kits (Qiagen DNeasy, Omega Bio-tek E.Z.N.A., IBI Science DNA Blood kit, and 5PRIME PerfectPure). Previously reported primers targeting strain 19 were used to amplify extracted DNA and identify the optimal extraction kit. Real-time PCR was performed, and kits were compared for statistical differences by using quantification cycles as an outcome measure. Omega Bio-tek E.Z.N.A. was superior (
P
< 0.0068) in its lower quantification cycle values across all tissue kits. The IBI Science DNA Blood kit was superior to Qiagen DNeasy, 5PRIME PerfectPure, and Quanta Extracta (
P
< 0.0001,
P
= 0.0004, and
P
= 0.0013, respectively) but was not different from Omega Bio-tek E.Z.N.A. (
P
= 1.0). In summary, the optimal extraction kit for
B. abortus
strain 19 for tissues is Omega Bio-tek E.Z.N.A., and that for blood and its fractions is the IBI Science Mini Genomic DNA kit. Eluted DNA was also concentrated by using the Zymo Research DNA Clean & Concentrator-25 kit. Concentrated eluted DNA with the target was superior (
P
= <0.0001) to unconcentrated eluted DNA.