bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Data Padding Techniques on Continuous Relative-Phase Analysis Using the Hilbert Transform
Authors: Ippersiel Patrick , Preuss Richard , Robbins Shawn M. 
Published: April 2019

Continuous relative phase (CRP) analysis using the Hilbert transform is prone to end effects. The purpose was to investigate the impact of padding techniques (reflection, spline extrapolation, extraneous data, and unpadded) on end effects following Hilbert-transformed CRP calculations, using sinusoidal, nonsinusoidal, and kinematic data from a repeated sit-to-stand-to-sit task in adults with low back pain (n = 16, mean age = 30 y). CRP angles were determined using a Hilbert transform of sinusoidal and nonsinusoidal signals with set phase shifts, and for the left thigh/sacrum segments. Root mean square difference and true error compared test signals with a gold standard, for the start, end, and full periods, for all data. Mean difference and 95% bootstrapped confidence intervals were calculated to compare padding techniques using kinematic data. The unpadded approach showed near-negligible error using sinusoidal data across all periods. No approach was clearly superior for nonsinusoidal data. Spline extrapolation showed significantly less root mean square difference (all periods) when compared with double reflection (full period: mean difference = 2.11; 95% confidence interval, 1.41 to 2.79) and unpadded approaches (full period: mean difference = −15.8; 95% confidence interval, −18.9 to −12.8). Padding sinusoidal data when performing CRP analyses are unnecessary. When extraneous data have not been collected, our findings recommend padding using a spline to minimize data distortion following Hilbert-transformed CRP analyses.
The 2-Min Walk Test Detects Dual-Task Deficits in Individuals With Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Rosenfeldt Anson B. , Penko Amanda L. , Bazyk Andrew S. , Streicher Matthew C. , Dey Tanujit , Alberts Jay L. 
Published: April 2019

The aim of this project was to (a) evaluate the potential of the 2-min walk test to detect declines in gait velocity under dual-task conditions and (b) compare gait velocity overground and on a self-paced treadmill in Parkinson’s disease (PD). In total, 23 individuals with PD completed the 2-min walk test under single- and dual-task (serial 7s) conditions overground and on a self-paced treadmill. There was a significant decrease in gait velocity from single- to dual-task conditions overground (1.32 ± 0.22 to 1.10 ± 0.25 m/s; p < .001) and on the self-paced treadmill (1.24 ± 0.21 to 1.05 ± 0.25 m/s; p < .001). Overground and treadmill velocities were not statistically different from each other; however, differences approached or exceeded the minimal clinical important difference. The 2-min walk test coupled with a cognitive task provides an effective model of identifying dual-task declines in individuals with PD. Further studies comparing overground and self-paced treadmill velocity is warranted in PD.
Low-Volume High-Intensity Interval Training Versus Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Body Composition, Cardiometabolic Profile, and Physical Capacity in Older Women
Authors: Boukabous Inès , Marcotte-Chénard Alexis , Amamou Taha , Boulay Pierre , Brochu Martin , Tessier Daniel , Dionne Isabelle , Riesco Eléonor 
Published: April 2019

Objectives: To compare the effect of low-volume high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on fat mass, cardiometabolic profile, and physical capacity, and confirm its feasibility in older women. Methods: Inactive older women (60–75 years) were randomly assigned to 8 weeks of either HIIT (75 min/week; n = 9) or MICT (150 min/week; n = 9). Body composition, fasting metabolic profile, cardiovascular risk (Framingham score), and physical capacity (senior fitness test, peak oxygen uptake) were assessed before and after the intervention. Feasibility was evaluated with completion rate (training compliance; dropout rate) and affective response (Feeling Scale; pre- and postexercise). Results: Total cholesterol level, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, and the Framingham risk score decreased in both groups (ps ≤ .03). Although peak oxygen uptake remained unchanged, the 6-min walk test distance increased (p < .0001), irrespective of the group. Completion rate and affective responses were not different between groups (ps ≥ .38). Conclusion: A short-term HIIT program is feasible and provides as much benefits as MICT in older women.
Effects of a Judo Training on Functional Fitness, Anthropometric, and Psychological Variables in Old Novice Practitioners
Authors: Ciaccioni Simone , Capranica Laura , Forte Roberta , Chaabene Helmi , Pesce Caterina , Condello Giancarlo 
Published: April 2019

This study aimed to investigate the effects of a 4-month judo training (1 hr session, biweekly) on physical and mental health of older adults (69.7 ± 4.2 years). Participants (N = 30) were assigned to a judo novice practitioners group (n = 16) or a control group (n = 14), which did not receive any training. Before and after the program, they underwent anthropometric (body mass index and waist and hip circumferences); functional fitness (upper and lower body flexibility and strength, coordination); and psychological assessments (perceived physical and mental health, body image, and fear of falling). The judo group showed reductions of waist circumference (Δ = −1%, d = 0.2) and improvements for lower and upper body flexibility (Δ = +69%, d = 0.4 and Δ = +126%, d = 0.5, respectively) and strength (Δ = +12%, d = 0.6 and Δ = +31%, d = 1.6, respectively). The control group showed a decline in lower body strength (Δ = −12%, d = 0.8). Psychological variables did not reveal statistically significant effects. Judo seems beneficial for improving anthropometric and functional fitness variables, relevant aspects of successful aging.
Preseason to Postseason Changes on the BTrackS Force Plate in a Sample of College Athletes
Authors: Morrison Ryan , Petit Kyle M. , Kuenze Chris , Moran Ryan N. , Covassin Tracey 
Published: April 2019

Context:Balance testing is a vital component in the evaluation and management of sport-related concussion. Few studies have examined the use of objective, low-cost, force-plate balance systems and changes in balance after a competitive season.Objective:To examine the extent of preseason versus postseason static balance changes using the Balance Tracking System (BTrackS) force plate in college athletes.Design:Pretest, posttest design.Setting:Athletic training facility.Participants:A total of 47 healthy, Division-I student-athletes (33 males and 14 females; age 18.4 [0.5] y, height 71.8 [10.8] cm, weight 85.6 [21.7] kg) participated in this study.Main Outcome Measures:Total center of pressure path length was measured preseason and postseason using the BTrackS force plate. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test was conducted to examine preseason and postseason changes. SEM and minimal detectable change were also calculated.Results:There was a significant difference in center of pressure path length differed between preseason (24.6 [6.8] cm) and postseason (22.7 [5.4] cm) intervals (P = .03), with an SEM of 3.8 cm and minimal detectable change of 10.5 cm.Conclusions:Significant improvements occurred for center of pressure path length after a competitive season, when assessed using the BTrackS in a sample of college athletes. Further research is warranted to determine the effectiveness of the BTrackS as a reliable, low-cost alternative to force-plate balance systems. In addition, clinicians may need to update baseline balance assessments more frequently to account for improvements.
Postural Stability Under Dual-Task Conditions: Development of a Post-Concussion Assessment for Lower-Extremity Injury Risk
Authors: Westwood Caroline , Killelea Carolyn , Faherty Mallory , Sell Timothy 
Published: April 2019

Context: Concussions are consequence of sports participation. Recent reports indicate there is an increased risk of lower-extremity musculoskeletal injury when returning to sport after concussion suggesting that achieving “normal” balance may not fully indicate the athlete is ready for competition. The increased risk of injury may indicate the need to refine a screening tool for clearance.
Objective: Assess the between-session reliability and the effects of adding a cognitive task to static and dynamic postural stability testing in a healthy population.
Setting: Clinical laboratory.
Participants: Twelve healthy subjects (6 women; age 22.3 [2.9] y, height 174.4 [7.5] cm, weight 70.1 [12.7] kg) participated in this study.
Design: Subjects underwent static and dynamic postural stability testing with and without the addition of a cognitive task (Stroop test). Test battery was repeated 10 days later. Dynamic postural stability testing consisted of a forward jump over a hurdle with a 1-legged landing. A stability index was calculated. Static postural stability was also assessed with and without the cognitive task during single-leg balance. Variability of each ground reaction force component was averaged.
Main Outcome Measures: Interclass correlation coefficients (ICC2,1) were computed to determine the reliability. Standard error of measure, mean standard error, mean detectable change, and 95% confidence interval were all calculated.
Results: Mean differences between sessions were low, with the majority of variables having moderate to excellent reliability (static .583–.877, dynamic .581–.939). The addition of the dual task did not have any significant effect on reliability of the task; however, generally, the ICC values improved (eyes open .583–.770, dual task .741–.808).
Conclusions: The addition of a cognitive load to postural stability assessments had moderate to excellent reliability in a healthy population. These results provide initial evidence on the feasibility of dual-task postural stability testing when examining risk of lower-extremity musculoskeletal injury following return to sport in a concussed population.
Impact of breast milk intake on body composition at term in very preterm babies: secondary analysis of the Nutritional Evaluation and Optimisation in Neonates randomised controlled trial
Authors: Li Yangmei , Liu Xinxue , Modi Neena , Uthaya Sabita 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of breast milk (BM) intake on body composition at term in very preterm infants.DesignPreplanned secondary analysis of the Nutritional Evaluation and Optimisation in Neonates Study, a 2-by-2 factorial randomised controlled trial of preterm parenteral nutrition (PN).SettingFour National Health Service hospitals in London and South-East England.PatientsInfants born at <31 weeks of gestation; infants with life-threatening congenital abnormalities and those unable to receive trial PN within 24 hours of birth were ineligible. 133 infants survived and underwent whole-body MRI at term (37–44 weeks postmenstrual age).Main outcome measuresNon-adipose tissue mass (non-ATM), ATM and ATM as a percentage of body weight (% ATM) at term.ResultsCompared with the exclusively BM group (proportion of BM=100% milk, n=56), predominantly formula-fed infants (BM ≤50%, n=38) weighed 283.6 g (95% CI 121.6 to 445.6) more, had 257.4 g (139.1–375.7) more non-ATM and a greater positive weight Z-score change between birth and term. There were no significant differences in weight, non-ATM and weight Z-score change between the exclusively and predominantly BM (BM 51%–99%, n=39) groups. Compared with the exclusively BM group no significant differences were observed in ATM and %ATM in the predominantly BM and predominantly formula-fed groups.ConclusionsThe slower weight gain of preterm infants fed BM appears to be due to a deficit in non-ATM and may reflect lower protein intake. Whether this pattern persists into childhood, is altered by BM fortification or later diet, or relates to functional outcomes, are important research questions.Clinical trial registrationISRCTN29665319, post results.
School-age outcomes of children without cerebral palsy cooled for neonatal hypoxic–ischaemic encephalopathy in 2008–2010
Authors: Lee-Kelland Richard , Jary Sally , Tonks James , Cowan Frances M , Thoresen Marianne , Chakkarapani Ela 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveSince therapeutic hypothermia became standard care for neonatal hypoxic–ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE), even fewer infants die or have disability at 18-month assessment than in the clinical trials. However, longer term follow-up of apparently unimpaired children is lacking. We investigated the cognitive, motor and behavioural performances of survivors without cerebral palsy (CP) cooled for HIE, in comparison with matched non-HIE control children at 6–8 years.DesignCase–control study.Participants29 case children without CP, cooled in 2008–2010 and 20 age-matched, sex-matched and social class-matched term-born controls.MeasuresWechsler Intelligence Scales for Children, Fourth UK Edition, Movement Assessment Battery for Children, Second Edition (MABC-2) and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire.ResultsCases compared with controls had significantly lower mean (SD) full-scale IQ (91 [10.37]vs105[13.41]; mean difference (MD): −13.62, 95% CI −20.53 to –6.71) and total MABC-2 scores (7.9 [3.26]vs10.2[2.86]; MD: −2.12, 95% CI −3.93 to –0.3). Mean differences were significant between cases and controls for verbal comprehension (−8.8, 95% CI –14.25 to –3.34), perceptual reasoning (−13.9, 95% CI–20.78 to –7.09), working memory (−8.2, 95% CI–16.29 to –0.17), processing speed (−11.6, 95% CI–20.69 to –2.47), aiming and catching (−1.6, 95% CI–3.26 to –0.10) and manual dexterity (−2.8, 95% CI–4.64 to –0.85). The case group reported significantly higher median (IQR) total (12 [6.5–13.5] vs 6 [2.25–10], p=0.005) and emotional behavioural difficulties (2 [1–4.5] vs 0.5 [0–2.75], p=0.03) and more case children needed extra support in school (34%vs5%, p=0.02) than the control group.ConclusionsSchool-age children without CP cooled for HIE still have reduced cognitive and motor performance and more emotional difficulties than their peers, strongly supporting the need for school-age assessments.
Volumetric parameters-based differentiation of narrow angle from open angle and classification of angle configurations: an SS-OCT study
Authors: Li Fei , Zhou Rouxi , Gao Kai , Jin Ling , Zhang Xiulan 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundTo evaluate the diagnostic ability of volumetric parameters to differentiate narrow angle from open angle and distinguish different configurations of narrow angle.MethodsThe current study was composed of two parts. In the first part, with gonioscopy as reference standard, we tested power of each parameter to differentiate narrow angle from open angle. In the second part, we evaluated the efficacy of different parameters to distinguish angle configurations which were subclassified into type 1 (pupillary block) and type 2 (non-pupillary block and multiple mechanisms) based on ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) images.ResultsIn part 1, the training set was composed of 117 narrow-angle eyes and 60 open-angle eyes, and the validation set included 38 narrow-angle eyes and 37 open-angle eyes. Anterior chamber volume (ACV) outperformed all the other parameters with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.988. The sensitivity and specificity of the cut-off value 98.1 mm3 in the validation set were 90.0% and 97.1%, respectively. In part 2, training set was composed of 96 eyes of 88 patients with primary angle-closure disease, with 49 diagnosed as type 1 and 47 as type 2 configuration. 32 eyes were used for validation. A model comprised of iris volume (IV), iris thickness (IT) 2000 µm from the scleral spur and angle open distance (AOD) 750 µm from the scleral spur was found to have an AUC of 0.793 (95% CI, 0.695 to 0.870). Sensitivity and specificity of the model were 82.6% and 77.8% respectively in the validation set.ConclusionsWith ACV, we can detect patients with narrow angle from open angle faster and more easily than AOD and anterior chamber depth. Then, for patients with narrow angle, the combination of IV, IT and AOD750 measured by swept-source optical coherence tomography could further classify configurations of angle closure compared with UBM.
Effect of segmentation error correction on optical coherence tomography angiography measurements in healthy subjects and diabetic macular oedema
Authors: Ghasemi Falavarjani Khalil , Habibi Abbas , Anvari Pasha , Ghasemizadeh Shahriar , Ashraf Khorasani Maryam , Shenazandi Hamideh , Sarraf David 
Published: April 2019

PurposeTo evaluate the impact of segmentation error on vessel density measurements in healthy eyes and eyes with diabetic macular oedema (DMO).MethodsIn this prospective, comparative, non-interventional study, enface optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images of the macula from healthy eyes and eyes with DMO were acquired. Two expert graders assessed and corrected the segmentation error. The rate of segmentation error and the changes in vessel density and inner retinal thickness after correction of the segmentation error were recorded and compared between the two groups.Results20 eyes with DMO and 24 healthy eyes were evaluated. Intergrader agreement was excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient ≥0.9) for all parameters in both groups. The rate of segmentation error was 33% and 100% in healthy and diabetic eyes, respectively (p<0.001). Nine healthy eyes (37.5%) and all eyes with DMO (100%) were noted to exhibit a change in at least one of the foveal or parafoveal vessel density measurements. The rate of any change in foveal and parafoveal vessel densities in both the superficial and deep capillary plexus was statistically significantly higher in the diabetic group (all p<0.001). No statistically significant change was observed in mean vessel density (superficial and deep capillary plexuses) after correction of the segmentation error in healthy and DMO eyes (All p>0.05). However, the mean absolute change in the vessel density measurements was statistically significantly higher in the diabetic group (all p<0.05). The mean absolute change in superficial and deep inner retinal thickness was statistically significantly higher in DMO (p=0.02 and p=0.002, respectively).ConclusionsIn this study, misidentification of retinal layers and consequent vessel density measurement error occurred in all eyes with DMO and in one-third of healthy eyes. The segmentation error should be checked and manually corrected in the OCTA vessel density measurements, especially in the presence of macular oedema.
Distinct effects of acute exercise and breaks in sitting on working memory and executive function in older adults: a three-arm, randomised cross-over trial to evaluate the effects of exercise with and without breaks in sitting on cognition
Authors: Wheeler Michael J , Green Daniel J , Ellis Kathryn A , Cerin Ester , Heinonen Ilkka , Naylor Louise H , Larsen Robyn , Wennberg Patrik , Boraxbekk Carl-Johan , Lewis Jaye , Eikelis Nina , Lautenschlager Nicola T , Kingwell Bronwyn A , Lambert Gavin , Owen Neville , Dunstan David W 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundSedentary behaviour is associated with impaired cognition, whereas exercise can acutely improve cognition.ObjectiveWe compared the effects of a morning bout of moderate-intensity exercise, with and without subsequent light-intensity walking breaks from sitting, on cognition in older adults.MethodsSedentary overweight/obese older adults with normal cognitive function (n=67, 67±7 years, 31.2±4.1 kg/m2) completed three conditions (6-day washout): SIT (sitting): uninterrupted sitting (8 hours, control); EX+SIT (exercise + sitting): sitting (1 hour), moderate-intensity walking (30 min), uninterrupted sitting (6.5 hours); and EX+BR (exercise + breaks): sitting (1 hour), moderate-intensity walking (30 min), sitting interrupted every 30 min with 3 min of light-intensity walking (6.5 hours). Cognitive testing (Cogstate) was completed at four time points assessing psychomotor function, attention, executive function, visual learning and working memory. Serum brain-derived neurotrophic growth factor (BDNF) was assessed at six time points. The 8-hour net area under the curve (AUC) was calculated for each outcome.ResultsWorking memory net AUC z-score·hour (95% CI) was improved in EX+BR with a z-score of +28 (−26 to +81), relative to SIT, −25 (−79 to +29, p=0.04 vs EX+BR). Executive function net AUC was improved in EX+SIT, −8 (− 71 to +55), relative to SIT, −80 (−142 to −17, p=0.03 vs EX+SIT). Serum BDNF net AUC ng/mL·hour (95% CI) was increased in both EX+SIT, +171 (−449 to +791, p=0.03 vs SIT), and EX+BR, +139 (−481 to +759, p=0.045 vs SIT), relative to SIT, −227 (−851 to +396).ConclusionA morning bout of moderate-intensity exercise improves serum BDNF and working memory or executive function in older adults, depending on whether or not subsequent sitting is also interrupted with intermittent light-intensity walking.Trial registration numberACTRN12614000737639.
Return to play and risk of repeat concussion in collegiate football players: comparative analysis from the NCAA Concussion Study (1999–2001) and CARE Consortium (2014–2017)
Authors: McCrea Michael , Broglio Steven , McAllister Thomas , Zhou Wenxian , Zhao Shi , Katz Barry , Kudela Maria , Harezlak Jaroslaw , Nelson Lindsay , Meier Timothy , Marshall Stephen William , Guskiewicz Kevin M 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveWe compared data from the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Concussion Study (1999–2001) and the NCAA-Department of Defense Concussion Assessment, Research and Education (CARE) Consortium (2014–2017) to examine how clinical management, return to play (RTP) and risk of repeat concussion in collegiate football players have changed over the past 15 years.MethodsWe analysed data on reported duration of symptoms, symptom-free waiting period (SFWP), RTP and occurrence of within-season repeat concussion in collegiate football players with diagnosed concussion from the NCAA Study (n=184) and CARE (n=701).ResultsCARE athletes had significantly longer symptom duration (CARE median=5.92 days, IQR=3.02–9.98 days; NCAA median=2.00 days, IQR=1.00–4.00 days), SFWP (CARE median=6.00 days, IQR=3.49–9.00 days; NCAA median=0.98 days, IQR=0.00–4.00 days) and RTP (CARE median=12.23 days, IQR=8.04–18.92 days; NCAA median=3.00 days, IQR=1.00–8.00 days) than NCAA Study athletes (all p<0.0001). In CARE, there was only one case of repeat concussion within 10 days of initial injury (3.7% of within-season repeat concussions), whereas 92% of repeat concussions occurred within 10 days in the NCAA Study (p<0.001). The average interval between first and repeat concussion in CARE was 56.41 days, compared with 5.59 days in the NCAA Study (M difference=50.82 days; 95% CI 38.37 to 63.27; p<0.0001).ConclusionOur findings indicate that concussion in collegiate football is managed more conservatively than 15 years ago. These changes in clinical management appear to have reduced the risk of repetitive concussion during the critical period of cerebral vulnerability after sport-related concussion (SRC). These data support international guidelines recommending additional time for brain recovery before athletes RTP after SRC.