bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revisiting the dust properties in the molecular clouds of the Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Paradis D. , Mény C. , Juvela M. , Noriega-Crespo A. , Ristorcelli I. 
Published: May 2019

Context. Some Galactic molecular clouds show signs of dust evolution as compared to the diffuse interstellar medium, most of the time through indirect evidence such as color ratios, increased dust emissivity, or scattering (coreshine). These signs are not a feature of all Galactic clouds. Moreover, molecular clouds in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) have been analyzed in a previous study based on Spitzer and IRIS data, at 4′ angular resolution, with the use of one single dust model, and did not show any signs of dust evolution.
Aims. In this present analysis we investigate the dust properties associated with the different gas phases (including the ionized phase this time) of the LMC molecular clouds at 1′ angular resolution (four times greater than the previous analysis) and with a larger spectral coverage range thanks to Herschel data. We also ensure the robustness of our results in the framework of various dust models.
Methods. We performed a decomposition of the dust emission in the infrared (from 3.6 to 500 μm) associated with the atomic, molecular, and ionized gas phases in the molecular clouds of the LMC. The resulting spectral energy distributions were fitted with four distinct dust models. We then analyzed the model parameters such as the intensity of the radiation field and the relative dust abundances, as well as the slope of the emission spectra at long wavelengths.
Results. This work allows dust models to be compared with infrared data in various environments for the first time, which reveals important differences between the models at short wavelengths in terms of data fitting (mainly in the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon bands). In addition, this analysis points out distinct results according to the gas phases, such as dust composition directly affecting the dust temperature and the dust emissivity in the submillimeter and different dust emission in the near-infrared (NIR).
Conclusions. We observe direct evidence of dust property evolution from the diffuse to the dense medium in a large sample of molecular clouds in the LMC. In addition, the differences in the dust component abundances between the gas phases could indicate different origins of grain formation. We also point out the presence of a NIR-continuum in all gas phases, with an enhancement in the ionized gas. We favor the hypothesis of an additional dust component as the carrier of this continuum.
Plasma injection into a solar coronal loop
Authors: Li L. P. , Peter H. 
Published: May 2019

Context. The details of the spectral profiles of extreme UV emission lines from solar active regions contain key information for investigating the structure, dynamics, and energetics of the solar upper atmosphere.
Aims. We characterize the line profiles not only through the Doppler shift and intensity of the bulk part of the profile. More importantly, we investigate the excess emission and asymmetries in the line wings to study twisting motions and helicity.
Methods. We used a raster scan of the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) in an active region. We concentrated on the Si IV line at 1394 Å, which forms just below 0.1 MK, and followed the plasma that moves in a cool loop from one footpoint to the other. We applied single-Gaussian fits to the line core, determined the excess emission in the red and blue wings, and derived the asymmetry of the red and blue wings.
Results. The blue wing excess at one footpoint shows injection of plasma into the loop that then flows to the other side. At the same footpoint, redshifts in the line core indicate that energy is deposited at around 0.1 MK. The enhanced pressure would then push the cool plasma down and inject some plasma into the loop. In the middle part of the loop, the spectral tilts of the line profiles indicate that the magnetic field has a helical structure, and the line wings are symmetrically enhanced. This is an indication that the loop is driven through the injection of helicity at the loop feet.
Conclusions. If the loop is driven to be helical, then the magnetic field can be expected to be in a turbulent state, as has been shown by existing magnetohydrodynamics models. The turbulent motions might explain the (symmetric) line wing enhancements that have also been seen in loops at coronal temperatures, but are not understood so far.
Total Knee Arthroplasty Outcomes in Patients with Medicare, Medicare Advantage, and Commercial Insurance
Authors: Starring Hunter , Waddell William H. , Steward William , Schexnayder Stuart , McKay Jack , Leonardi Claudia , Bronstone Amy , Dasa Vinod 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAs more commercial insurance companies adopt a bundled reimbursement model, similar to the Comprehensive Care for Joint Replacement (CJR) algorithm for Medicare beneficiaries, accurate risk adjustment of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) is critical to ensure success. With this movement toward bundled reimbursement, it is unknown if a formula adjusting for similar risks in the Medicare population could be applied to PROs in commercially insured and Medicare Advantage populations undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This study was performed to compare PROs after TKA in these insurance groups after adjusting for proposed risks. Demographics and clinical data were abstracted from medical records of 302 patients who underwent TKA performed by a single surgeon at a university-based orthopaedic practice during 2013 to 2017. Differences in PROs between commercially insured, Medicare Advantage, and Medicare patients during the 6 months following surgery were evaluated while controlling for demographics, clinical data, and baseline PRO scores. Medicare and Medicare Advantage patients were older (p < 0.001) and had more comorbidities (p = 0.001) than commercial patients. During the first 3 months following TKA, patients in all three groups experienced similar rates of recovery. At 6 months after surgery, outcomes began to diverge by insurance group. Medicare patients reported significantly less ability to perform activities of daily living (78.6 vs. 63.2; p = 0.001), worse physical function (39.6 vs. 44.9; p = 0.003), and more pain interference (57.9 vs. 52.4; p = 0.018) at day 180 than commercially insured patients. There were no statistically significant differences between Medicare Advantage patients and either commercially insured or Medicare patients. Therefore, commercial insurance companies that intend to apply a risk-adjusted equation similar to the CJR algorithm to commercial populations should be cautioned since the postoperative outcomes in this investigation differed after adjusting for the same risk factors that have been proposed for inclusion in the CJR algorithm. Nonetheless, further studies should be performed to ensure that companies participating in bundled reimbursement models have a positive influence on comprehensive health care for patients and providers. This is a level III, retrospective prognostic study
Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction in Traumatic Patellar Dislocation without Patellar Fixation
Authors: Ibrahim Samir Abdulrazik , Shohdy Emad Mureed , Ramadan Sami Abdulghaffar , Almisfer Abdulrahman Khalid , Abdulsattar Wael Shoabe , Khairat Sherif 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAcute traumatic patellar dislocation is a common injury, and spontaneous reduction may occur at the time of injury or may be reduced at the field of the accident by someone. It may be associated with osteochondral fractures and rupture of medial patellar stabilizers leading to recurrent patellar instability. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the outcomes of medial patellofemoral (PF) ligament (MPFL) reconstruction in recurrent traumatic patellar dislocation. Forty-five patients presented with PF instability as a result of traumatic rupture MPFL with normal patellar tracking underwent MPFL reconstruction without patellar fixation hardware through two parallel transpatellar tunnels and one screw in femoral tunnel. All patients were evaluated clinically preoperatively and at a minimum follow-up of 24 months, and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and Kujala scores were used to assess the clinical results. All patients were available for evaluation at a minimum of 24 months (up to 36 months). The mean age of these patients at the time of surgery was 22.82 years (range: 18–34 years). All patients gave history of trauma of their knees. Mean IKDC scale showed significant improvement as it rose from 47.17 preoperatively to 77.94 postoperatively, and mean Kujala score rose from 53.88 preoperatively to 86.24 postoperatively (p < 0.001). No recurrence of dislocation was recorded. Only three patients had mild atrophy of thigh and one patient had some difficulty in jumping. Reconstruction of MPFL by this method provides good clinical result in the treatment of PF instability by using autologous graft (semitendinosus and gracilis). Less hardware were used with less complications.
Development and Validation of Early Warning Criteria to Identify Escalated Care Events in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Patients
Authors: Shivananda Sandesh , Twiss Jennifer , Paterson Debie , Dyck Gillian , Becker Stephanie , Razack Abdul , Gupta Shikha , Dutta Sourabh , Suresh Gautham 
Published: May 2019

Objective This study aimed to identify and validate the diagnostic utility of a set of clinical and laboratory criteria (early warning criteria [EWC]) that portend a clinical deterioration event (escalated care event [ECE]) in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) patients.
Study Design Using the RAND appropriateness method, we first established a consensus on seven ECE, that is, events that require additional monitoring, treatment, or stay in the NICU or that were associated with morbidity. We then established consensus on EWC that could portend an ECE from an initial set of 32 potential EWC items to a final set of 10 items. The occurrence and nonoccurrence of EWC and ECE were prospectively identified and tracked over 9 weeks.
Results Among 170 NICU patients studied (2,502 patient-days), the frequency of an EWC was 53 per 1,000 patient-days. Of these patients, 41% had an EWC and 16% had an ECE. An EWC was followed by an ECE within 72 hours, 37% of the time, and within a median time interval of 113 minutes. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values, and negative predictive values of EWC in identifying an ECE were 0.96, 0.69, 0.37, and 0.99, respectively.
Conclusion A simple bedside NICU-specific EWC identifies neonates likely to develop ECEs in the NICU.
Acidemia Can Occur Despite Category I Tracing
Authors: Bruno Ann M. , López Julia D. , Stout Molly J. , Tuuli Methodius G. , Macones George A. , Cahill Alison G. 
Published: May 2019

Objective Electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) is intended to assess fetal well-being during labor. Our objective was to test the hypothesis that findings of a category I tracing at any time in the 60 minutes prior to delivery would rule out neonatal acidemia.
Study Design This was a planned secondary analysis of a single-center prospective cohort study of 8,580 singleton pregnancies undergoing labor with nonanomalous infants at term. Monitoring was reviewed by obstetric research nurses at 10-minute intervals in the 60 minutes prior to delivery. The primary outcome was acidemia, defined as an umbilical cord arterial pH of 7.10 or less.
Results Of the 4,274 patients included, 42 (0.98%) infants had acidemia at birth. Of the 42 infants with acidemia, 13 (31%) had category I tracings in the 30 minutes prior to delivery. Three (7%) infants had neonatal acidemia despite category I tracing for >40 minutes in the 60 minutes prior to delivery.
Conclusion Even in the presence of category I tracing in the 60 minutes prior to delivery, neonatal acidemia can still occur. Periods of category I should be interpreted within the clinical context of a priori risk for acidemia, knowing that it does not completely rule out acidemia.
Self-sustaining thermophotonic circuits
Authors: Zhao Bo , Buddhiraju Siddharth , Santhanam Parthiban , Chen Kaifeng , Fan Shanhui 
Published: May 2019

Significance
Photon-based systems that convert heat to electricity have been limited by low power density. Thermophotonic systems have the potential to significantly enhance the power density. This potential has not been realized in practice, due in part to the fundamental thermodynamic difficulty in designing a self-sustaining circuit that enables steady-state power generation. Current construction instead uses batteries which lower system efficiency and adds complexity. We overcome such difficulty by introducing an electronic circuit where multiple photons can be generated from a single electron. Our design enables a self-sustaining thermophotonic circuit that can achieve a steady-state power density exceeding traditional thermophotovoltaic systems by many orders of magnitude. This work highlights possibilities for constructing heat engines with light as the working medium.
A simple and versatile authenticity assay of coffee products by single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping
Authors: Nakagawa Toshifumi , Doi Masanori , Nishi Kosuke , Sugahara Takuya , Nishimukai Hiroaki , Asano Migiwa 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
Interspecific single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the rbcL DNA barcode have been strictly validated and adopted as a designed SNP genotyping maker to discriminate between two major coffee species, Coffea arabica and C. canephora, and to estimate the mixing ratio of DNA from C. arabica/C. canephora in this study. The SNP genotyping is applicable to not only green (unroasted) coffee beans, but also processed coffee products (roasted coffee beans and instant coffee powder), in which genomic DNA is degraded, because the genotyping developed in this study requires only 10 copies of 63-bp-long DNA fragments of rbcL gene. The authenticity assay established in this study has several advantages: a high versatility to DNA sample conditions; simple and rapid procedures (only two steps; DNA extraction and SNP genotyping); the feasibility in coffee business for practical use to prevent false advertising and provide quality control.
Abbreviations: SNP: single-nucleotide polymorphism; SBS: single base substitution; ISR: intergenic spacer region; INDEL: insertion-deletion.
Expression and purification of recombinant serine protease domain of human coagulation factor XII in Pichia pastoris
Authors: Peng Bangya , Xue Guangpu , Xu Dongfang , Feng Zanjie , Chen Jing , Huang Mingdong , Lu Hongling , Gong Lihu 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
Human coagulation factor XII, the initiating factor in the intrinsic coagulation pathway, is critical for pathological thrombosis but not for hemostasis. Pharmacologic inhibition of factor XII is an attractive alternative in providing protection from pathologic thrombus formation while minimizing hemorrhagic risk. Large quantity of recombinant active factor XII is required for screening inhibitors and further research. In the present study, we designed and expressed the recombinant serine protease domain of factor XII in Pichia pastoris strain X-33, which is a eukaryotic expression model organism with low cost. The purification protocol was simplified and the protein yield was high (~20 mg/L medium). The purified serine protease domain of factor XII behaved homogeneously as a monomer, exhibited comparable activity with the human βFXIIa, and accelerated clot formation in human plasma. This study provides the groundwork for factor XII inhibitors screening and further research.
Dietary intake of the citrus flavonoid hesperidin affects stress-resilience and brain kynurenine levels in a subchronic and mild social defeat stress model in mice
Authors: Sato Mizuho , Okuno Alato , Suzuki Kazunori , Ohsawa Natsuki , Inoue Eiichi , Miyaguchi Yuji , Toyoda Atsushi 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
Depressive disorders are partly caused by chronic inflammation through the kynurenine (KYN) pathway. Preventive intervention using anti-inflammatory reagents may be beneficial for alleviating the risk of depression. In this study, we focused on the Japanese local citrus plant, Citrus tumida hort. ex Tanaka (C. tumida; CT), which contains flavonoids such as hesperidin that have anti-inflammatory actions. The dietary intake of 5% immature peels of CT fruits slightly increased stress resilience in a subchronic and mild social defeat (sCSDS) model in mice. Moreover, the dietary intake of 0.1% hesperidin significantly increased stress resilience and suppressed KYN levels in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in these mice. In addition, KYN levels in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex were significantly correlated with the susceptibility to stress. In conclusion, these results suggest that dietary hesperidin increases stress resilience by suppressing the augmentation of KYN signaling under sCSDS.
Beyond Fresnel: absorption of fibre laser radiation on rough stainless steel surfaces
Authors: Hipp Dominik , Mahrle Achim , Beyer Eckhard 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The standard procedure for the calculation of the angle-dependent absorptivity consists of applying the well-known Fresnel formulas to the material property refractive index n and extinction coefficient k. However, the Fresnel formulas are only applicable for perfect smooth surfaces. Hitherto the effect of rough surfaces on absorptivity values and profiles are not thoroughly explored. Yet, this knowledge is vital for many kinds of theoretical consideration in computational models as they are applied in laser material processing, imaging and metrology. Therefore, we present experimental results on the angle-dependent absorptivity of stainless steel with five different surface finishes for fibre laser radiation with a 1.07 µm wavelength and for s- and p-polarisation separately. We can show that for probes which fulfil the modified Fraunhofer smoothness criterion at normal incidence (R

z
<  λ/32), the Fresnel formalism is applicable. For the tested probes with higher surface roughness, the real absorptivity differs considerably from this solution: the maximum of absorptivity at the pseudo Brewster angle is decreased and shifted towards lower inclinations. Furthermore, other effects are observed which are not explained by theoretical approaches like Fresnel or ray-tracing models.
Analytic 1D approximation of the divertor broadening S in the divertor region for conductive heat transport
Authors: Nille D , Sieglin B , Eich T , Scarabosio A 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
An analytic 1D approximation for the divertor broadening S is introduced, depending only on the electron temperature between X-point and target. It is compared to simulations solving the 2D heat diffusion equation, in order to describe the divertor broadening along a field line solely by the ratio of the perpendicular to the parallel diffusivities. By assuming the temperature dependence of these two diffusivities an integral form of S is derived for the area along the separatrix between X-point and target. Integration along the separatrix results in an approximation for S, being in agreement with the 2D simulations. This approximation is furthermore compared to recent studies, which find a power law with negative exponent to describe S in terms of target temperature. This dependence is not reproduced in a pure conductive description, which instead shows a finite S for zero target temperature. This points to other mechanisms changing the shape of the heat flux profile—by additional widening or radiation losses—not included in the presented reduced approximation.
Engineering passive swimmers by shaking liquids
Authors: Laumann M , Förtsch A , Kanso E , Zimmermann W 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The locomotion and design of microswimmers are topical issues of current fundamental and applied research. In addition to numerous living and artificial active microswimmers, a passive microswimmer was identified only recently: a soft, Λ-shaped, non-buoyant particle propagates in a shaken liquid of zero-mean velocity (Jo et al 2016 Phys. Rev. E 94 063116). We show that this novel passive locomotion mechanism works for realistic non-buoyant, asymmetric Janus microcapsules as well. According to our analytical approximation, this locomotion requires a symmetry breaking caused by different Stokes drags of soft particles during the two half periods of the oscillatory liquid motion. It is the intrinsic anisotropy of Janus capsules and Λ-shaped particles that break this symmetry for sinusoidal liquid motion. Further, we show that this passive locomotion mechanism also works for the wider class of symmetric soft particles, e.g. capsules, by breaking the symmetry via an appropriate liquid shaking. The swimming direction can be uniquely selected by a suitable choice of the liquid motion. Numerical studies, including lattice Boltzmann simulations, also show that this locomotion can outweigh gravity, i.e. non-buoyant particles may be either elevated in shaken liquids or concentrated at the bottom of a container. This novel propulsion mechanism is relevant to many applications, including the sorting of soft particles like healthy and malignant (cancer) cells, which serves medical purposes, or the use of non-buoyant soft particles as directed microswimmers.
Evolutionary dynamics of networked multi-person games: mixing opponent-aware and opponent-independent strategy decisions
Authors: Huang Feng , Chen Xiaojie , Wang Long 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
How rational individuals make strategic decisions when confronted with the temptation of defection is consistently a longstanding conundrum. Particularly, in a heterogeneous environment incorporating multiple decision rules, little is known about the evolutionary dynamics of networked multi-person games. To address this issue, we propose an original theoretical framework to investigate the hybrid dynamics for mixed opponent-aware and opponent-independent strategy decisions. We equip each agent with an individualized decision-making function, by which decision-makers cannot only select the information type but can also process it individually. Under weak selection, we theoretically derive a condition under which one strategy wins over the other, and accordingly we demonstrate that such an analogous criterion also holds in a mutation-selection process. For a hybrid system of two decision-making functions, we specifically prove that this condition is robust against population structures. Beyond weak selection, however, we find that the co-evolutionary dynamics induced by strategy adoption and decision-rule imitation are sensitive to the change of population structures. Our work, thus, clearly elucidate how the diversity and heterogeneity of individual decision-making affect the fate of strategy evolution, which may offer some insights into the evolution of cooperation.