bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Caregiver Sensitivity to Infants: Measures Matter
Authors: Bohr Yvonne , Putnick Diane L. , Lee Yookyung , Bornstein Marc H. 
Published: June 2018

The significance of caregiver sensitivity for child development has been debated among scholars, not least due to sensitivity's inconsistent predictive value over time and across contexts. A lack of uniformity in the definition of sensitivity contributes to this debate, but shortfalls of intertool concordance and construct validity in the instruments used to assess sensitivity may also be at issue. This study examines correspondences among four established standardized measures of caregiver sensitivity in independent classifications of the same sample of mothers of infants. Fifty European American mother–infant dyads of diverse SES were independently assessed with three observational caregiver sensitivity measures: the Emotional Availability Scales (EAS; Biringen, 2008, Emotional availability (EA) scales manual (4th ed.): Part 1. Infancy/early childhood version (child aged 0–5 years). Colorado State University. Unpublished manuscript), the Parent Child Interaction—Nursing Child Assessment Satellite Training Feeding Scale (PCI‐NCAFS; Oxford & Findlay, NCAST caregiver/parent‐child interaction feeding manual, Seattle, WA: NCAST Programs, University of Washington, School of Nursing, 2015), and the Maternal Behavior Q‐Sort (MBQS; Moran, Pederson, & Bento, 2009, Maternal Behavior Q‐Sort (MBQS)–Overview, available materials and support. University of Western Ontario. Unpublished). Ratings were juxtaposed with classifications of the same sample based on the original Ainsworth Maternal Sensitivity Scales (AMSS; Ainsworth, 1969, Power, 6, 1379). The EAS, NCAFS, and MBQS are related to the AMSS, but large proportions of variance were unshared. Researchers and clinicians should be cautious when assuming that popular observational assessment instruments, commonly believed to measure a generic construct of caregiver sensitivity, are interchangeable, as these measures may evaluate different features of sensitivity to infants.
Feasibility of in situ de‐agglomeration during powder consolidation
Authors: Giuntini Diletta , Bordia Rajendra K. , Olevsky Eugene A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractConsolidation of nano‐sized powders is a growing area in manufacturing of advanced materials, thanks to the reduced processing times, enhanced mechanical properties and high potential for the introduction of multi‐functionality enabled by such reduced particle sizes. Nanopowders, however, are particularly prone to the agglomeration phenomena, and thus to the formation of hierarchical porous structures. The presence of pores differing up to several orders of magnitude in size leads to undesired differential shrinkage and localized grain growth. In order to avoid such issues, strategies for in situ de‐agglomeration are proposed here. These optimization strategies are based on the development of an analytical model for shrinkage kinetics and mechanical properties of a hierarchical porous structure, containing both small‐size intra‐agglomerate pores and large‐size inter‐agglomerate ones. The modeling approach is an expansion of the continuum theory of sintering to the case of biporous materials presenting nonlinear viscous rheology, as expected for nano‐sized crystalline powders. Considering the nonlinear viscous constitutive behavior of the solid phase also allows assessing the influence of the temperature on the microstructural evolution during processing, due to the dependence of the creep characteristic parameter, strain‐rate sensitivity, on the thermal history. Material structure optimization strategies, aimed at de‐agglomeration or at the design of tailored porous structures, become then possible and are here explored.
Properties of t‐zirconia prepared by a composite‐assisted nonhydrolytic sol‐gel
Authors: Warwar Damouny Christine , Khoury Christine , Gazit Oz M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHigh surface area and highly crystalline tetragonal Ni‐Si‐doped ZrO2 samples were prepared using a nonhydrolytic sol‐gel method. The synthesis involved the condensation of zirconium chloride and isopropyl ether in the presence of a chitosan‐based composites containing Ni and Si (Ni@Si‐CS), followed by calcination to remove the CS. The interactions between the zirconium precursor and the Ni@Si‐CS composites were studied and correlated with the effect on morphologies, crystalline structure, phase compositions, and surface area. These parameters were evaluated for different Ni@Si‐CS to ZrO2 mass ratios. It was found that increasing the concentration of Ni@Si‐CS composite led to smaller grains of ZrO2 nanocrystals and an overall material with a higher surface area. The stability of the tetragonal/cubic phases following calcination at 800°C was correlated with the presence of low amounts of Ni2+ in the sublattice of ZrO2 and the presence of the Si‐chitosan, which acted as steric stabilizer.
Ecologically flexible endemics dominate Indo‐Pacific bird communities
Authors: Reeve Andrew Hart , Fjeldså Jon , Borregaard Michael Krabbe 
Published: June 2018

AbstractReeve et al. (2016, Ecography, 39, 990‐997) found that ecologically flexible endemics dominate Indo‐Pacific bird communities. This negative relationship between local abundance and global range size contrasts strongly with the positive range size‐abundance relationship “rule,” which would predict community dominance by globally widespread species. Theuerkauf et al. (2017, Journal of Biogeography, 44, 2161–2163) provide new data from New Caledonia which they claim invalidate our study. They find positive relationships between local abundance and local range size, which they attribute to endemic species having narrower habitat niches than globally widespread species. We reanalysed their data using global range sizes, corroborating the pattern we originally reported: negative relationships between local abundance and global range size, driven by a subset of adaptable endemic species. We stress the importance of being explicit about the scale of ecological mechanisms, and ensuring that the scale of analysis matches the scale of interpretation.
Macro‐spatial structure of biotic interactions in the distribution of a raptor species
Authors: Aragón Pedro , Carrascal Luis M. , Palomino David 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimWhile the contribution of abiotic factors to species distribution is well known, the geographic structure, if any, of biotic interactions within the species range is poorly understood. Most studies neglect biotic interactions when generating Species Distribution Models (SDMs) and projecting them, using future climatic scenarios, while others argue that biotic interactions may extend species tolerances to suboptimal abiotic conditions. Elucidating the extent to which biotic interactions play a role at a macro‐scale is challenging due to its inherent complexity. In this study, we characterized the independent contribution of prey abundance distributions on the Merlin's wintering distribution (Falco columbarius). Then, to examine the hypothesis that biotic interactions may counteract other suboptimal conditions, we tested for a differential importance of physical habitat characteristics and prey abundance distributions along the species’ wintering range.LocationPeninsular Spain.MethodsWe modelled the Merlin's geographic distribution with Boosted Classification Trees as a function of environmental predictors (environmental model) and prey relative abundances (prey model), either separately or jointly (combined model). We tested whether the predictive success of environmental and prey models differ spatially.ResultsPartialling out the variation into independent components we found that the prey abundance distributions explained the largest part of variation. Furthermore, the first four predictors with the highest contribution in our combined models were the abundances of prey species. Finally, our model predictions revealed a north‐to‐south increase in the importance of prey abundance distributions. Interestingly, our results suggest that biotic interactions can enable species to inhabit a wider range of suboptimal habitat conditions on range margins.Main conclusionsRelevant biotic interactions may not be always fully interchangeable with environmental surrogates. Abiotic factors and biotic interactions may shape species range limits and cores of distributions differently. Neglecting biotic interactions may compromise spatiotemporal transferability of SDMs, especially on species margins, and hence their applicability.
Evaluating the quality of medical evidence in real‐world contexts
Authors: Jones Andrew , Steel Daniel 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHow should the quality of medical evidence be evaluated? Proponents of evidence‐based medicine advocate the use evidence hierarchies to rank the quality of evidence on the basis that certain methods produce more reliable evidence. Some criticisms of this approach focus on whether certain methods deserve their place in the hierarchy, while others claim that evidence hierarchies should be abandoned in favour of other evidence assessment techniques. We claim that this debate pays insufficient attention to the real‐world contexts in which medical decisions are made. To address this limitation, we explore the value of using evidence hierarchies and other evidence assessment techniques in differing contexts of medical decision making and argue that the way in which the quality of medical evidence should be evaluated depends on context. Focusing the discussion of the evaluation of medical evidence on real‐world contexts has implications for the viability of the principle of total evidence.
Early post‐operative diet upgrade in older patients may improve energy and protein intake but patients still eat poorly: an observational pilot study
Authors: Byrnes A. , Worrall J. , Young A. , Mudge A. , Banks M. , Bauer J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundMalnutrition is prevalent across acute care facilities, particularly in older patients, and contributes to poor surgical outcomes. Clinical practice guidelines recommend the early reintroduction of a full oral diet post‐operatively. The present study aimed to compare estimated energy (EEI) and protein (EPI) intake of patients who received early diet upgrade with those who did not.MethodsPatients ≥65 years admitted post‐operatively to general surgical wards were included.EEIandEPIwere calculated and dichotomised as meeting ≥50% or <50% estimated energy (EER) and protein (EPR) requirements. Mean intake and proportion of patients meeting <50% estimated requirements were compared between those who received early upgrade and those who did not at post‐operative day (POD)2.ResultsThirty‐four patients [mean (SD) age 72.9 (5.7) years, 59% male] were analysed atPOD2 [EEI: mean 4.2 (2.6)MJ day–1, 56% (n = 19) met ≥50%EER;EPI: mean 38.7 (29.5) g day–1, 26% (n = 9) met ≥50%EPR]. The majority (n = 25, 74%) were upgraded to a nonfluid diet byPOD2. More patients on fluid diets consumed <50%EER(P = 0.025) and <50%EPR(P = 0.073). No patient on a fluid diet met ≥50% ofEPR.ConclusionsAlthough the majority of older patients received early diet upgrade and these patients consumed more energy and protein than those on fluid diets, as a whole, older patients ate poorly post‐operatively. Fluid diets should therefore not be used indiscriminately and other approaches to improve post‐operative intake of older patients, such as fortified diets, oral nutritional supplements and meal environment interventions, should be adopted.
A Comprehensive Material Flow Account for Lao PDR to Inform Environmental and Sustainability Policy
Authors: Vilaysouk Xaysackda , Schandl Heinz , Murakami Shinsuke 
Published: June 2018

SummaryModern environmental and sustainability policy that acknowledges the linkages between socioeconomic processes and environmental pressures and impacts, and designs policies to decouple economic activity from environmental pressures and impacts, requires a sophisticated and comprehensive knowledge base. The concept of industrial metabolism provides a sound conceptual base, and material flow accounting—including primary material inputs and outflows of waste and emissions—provides a well‐accepted operationalization. Studies presenting a comprehensive material flow account for a national economy are rare, especially for developing countries. Countries such as Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR or Laos) face dual objectives of improving the material standard of living of their people while managing natural resources sustainably and mitigating adverse environmental impacts from growing resource throughput. Our research fills a knowledge gap, presents a comprehensive account of material inputs and outflows of waste and emissions for the Lao PDR national economy, and applies the accounting approach for a low‐income economy in Asia. We present a material balance for the years 2000 and 2015. For this research, we used data from Lao PDR national statistics and the accounting guidelines of the European Statistical Office (Eurostat), which pioneered the use of material flow data as part of its official statistical reporting. We demonstrate the feasibility of the accounting approach and discuss the robustness of results using uncertainty analysis conducted with statistical approaches commonly used in the field of industrial ecology, including Gauss's law of error propagation and Monte Carlo simulation. We find that the fast‐changing scale and composition of Lao PDR material flows, waste, and emissions presents challenges to the existing policy capacity and will require investment into governance of changed patterns of material use, waste disposal, and emissions. We consider the data analysis sufficiently robust to inform such a change in policy direction.
An entirely enclosed scanning tunnelling microscope capable of being fully immersed in liquid helium
Authors: FENG Q. , MENG W. , WANG J. , WANG Z. , ZHANG J. , WANG Q. , HOU Y. , LU Q. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryWe present an ultrahigh‐vacuum (UHV)‐sealed high‐stability scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) that can be entirely immersed in liquid helium and readily used in a commercial Dewar or superconducting magnet. The STM head features a horizontal microscanner that can become standalone and ultrastable when the coarse approach inertial motor retracts. Low voltage is enough to operate the STM even at low temperature owing to the powerful motor. It is housed in a tubular chamber of 49 mm outer diameter, which can be pumped via a detachable valve (DV), UHV‐sealed and remain sealed after the DV is removed. The entire so‐sealed chamber can then be inserted into liquid helium, where in situ sample cleavage is done via vacuum bellow. This allows sample cleavage and STM measurements to take place in better UHV with higher cooling power. Quality atomic resolution images of graphite and charge density wave on 1T‐TiSe2 taken in ambient and 14 K conditions, respectively, are presented.
Negative predictors of clinical response to amitriptyline in Japanese patients with migraine
Authors: Naito Yuika , Ishii Masakazu , Ishibashi Masaaki , Kasai Hideyo , Katoh Hirotaka 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundMigraine is the most common neurological disease. Recently, there is a wide variety of prophylactic drugs, but their effects differ among individuals.AimTo investigate clinical factors affecting the response to amitriptyline therapy and establish a scoring system for predicting the negative response to prophylactic therapy.MethodsWe examined clinical factors from medical records of 29 consistent responders (CRs) and 21 inconsistent responders (IRs) to amitriptyline.ResultsMultivariate analysis revealed that a past history of medication overuse headache (MOH) and allodynia from associated symptoms were significant factors that independently contributed to a negative response. Odds ratio of MOH was 4.489 (no vs yes; 95% CI = 1.109–14.224), and odds ratio of allodynia was 4.489 (yes vs no; 95% CI = 1.109–14.224). A predictive index (PI) of the negative response to amitriptyline in patients with migraine was calculated using the regression coefficients of these two factors as integers, and the index was significantly higher for IRs than CRs (1.33 ± 0.58 vs 0.76 ± 0.69, mean ± SD, P = 0.003)ConclusionThe obtained PI may represent an appropriate scoring system for negative responses in patients using amitriptyline.
Rare valiant vertical one‐and‐a‐half syndrome without ipsilateral upward gaze palsy in a patient with thalamomesencephalic stroke
Authors: Sato Kota , Takahashi Yoshiaki , Matsumoto Namiko , Yunoki Taijun , Takemoto Mami , Hishikawa Nozomi , Ohta Yasuyuki , Yamashita Toru , Abe Koji 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBilateral upward and ipsilateral downward gaze palsy due to a unilateral thalamomesencephalic stroke is called vertical one‐and‐a‐half syndrome (VOHS). Here, we report a valiant VOHS case who presented contralateral upward and ipsilateral downward gaze palsy due to a unilateral thalamomesencephalic stroke. The neuronal fiber connections associated with vertical gaze are not completely understood, so the present case provides an important proof to obtain a better understanding of vertical gaze mechanisms.
Peripheral type facial palsy caused by pontine lacunar infarction
Authors: Furuhashi Yuri , Furuya Kohei , Yokose Misato , Suzuki Masayuki , Kim Younhee , Miura Kumiko , Ozawa Tadashi , Matsuzono Kosuke , Mashiko Takafumi , Shimazaki Haruo , Koide Reiji , Fujimoto Shigeru 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCases of central nervous system (CNS) disorders manifesting peripheral type facial palsy are rare. We report a 70‐year‐old man with a small infarct of the pontine tegmentum who presented with acute‐onset peripheral facial palsy. In the case of infarction in this area, combined symptoms of peripheral facial palsy and abducens nerve palsy are often found, but peripheral facial palsy may occur as the only symptom as in our present case. In the differential diagnosis of peripheral facial nerve palsy, we should also consider the possibility of stroke such as pontine tegmentum infarction.
Embracing the wild profusion: A Foucauldian analysis of the impact of healthcare standardization on nursing knowledge and practice
Authors: Slemon Allie 
Published: June 2018

AbstractStandardization has emerged as the dominant principle guiding the organization and provision of healthcare, with standards resultantly shaping how nurses conceptualize and deliver patient care. Standardization has been critiqued as homogenizing diverse patient experiences and diminishing nurses’ skills and critical thinking; however, there has been limited examination of the philosophical implications of standardization for nursing knowledge and practice. In this manuscript, I draw on Foucault's philosophy of order and categorization to inform an analysis of the consequences of healthcare standardization for the profession of nursing. I utilize three exemplars to illustrate the impact of the primacy of standardized thinking and practices on nurses, patients and families: pain assessments using the 0‐10 pain scale; patient triage emergency departments through the Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale; and determination of cause of death within the context of the current opioid crisis. Through each exemplar, I demonstrate that standardization reductively constrains nursing knowledge and the health and healthcare experiences of patients and populations. I argue that the centrality of standardization must be re‐envisioned to embrace the complexity of health and more effectively and meaningfully frame nursing knowledge and practice within healthcare systems.
Scientific progress: Four accounts
Authors: Dellsén Finnur 
Published: June 2018

AbstractScientists are constantly making observations, carrying out experiments, and analyzing empirical data. Meanwhile, scientific theories are routinely being adopted, revised, discarded, and replaced. But when are such changes to the content of science improvements on what came before? This is the question of scientific progress. One answer is that progress occurs when scientific theories “get closer to the truth,” i.e., increase their degree of truthlikeness. A second answer is that progress consists in increasing theories' effectiveness for solving scientific problems. A third answer is that progress occurs when the stock of scientific knowledge accumulates. A fourth and final answer is that scientific progress consists in increasing scientific understanding,i.e., the capacity to correctly explain and reliably predict relevant phenomena. This paper compares and contrasts these four accounts of scientific progress, considers some of the most prominent arguments for and against each account, and briefly explores connections to different forms of scientific realism.
Comparative RNA‐seq analysis of nickel hyperaccumulating and non‐accumulating populations of Senecio coronatus (Asteraceae)
Authors: Meier Stuart K. , Adams Nicolette , Wolf Michael , Balkwill Kevin , Muasya Abraham Muthama , Gehring Christoph A. , Bishop Jacqueline M. , Ingle Robert A. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryMost metal hyperaccumulating plants accumulate nickel, yet the molecular basis of Ni hyperaccumulation is not well understood. We chose Senecio coronatus to investigate this phenomenon as this species displays marked variation in shoot Ni content across ultramafic outcrops in the Barberton Greenstone Belt (South Africa), thus allowing an intraspecific comparative approach to be employed. No correlation between soil and shoot Ni contents was observed, suggesting that this variation has a genetic rather than environmental basis. This was confirmed by our observation that the accumulation phenotype of plants from two hyperaccumulator and two non‐accumulator populations was maintained when the plants were grown on a soil mix from these four sites for 12 months. We analysed the genetic variation among 12 serpentine populations of S. coronatus, and used RNA‐seq for de novo transcriptome assembly and analysis of gene expression in hyperaccumulator versus non‐accumulator populations. Genetic analysis revealed the presence of hyperaccumulators in two well supported evolutionary lineages, indicating that Ni hyperaccumulation may have evolved more than once in this species. RNA‐Seq analysis indicated that putative homologues of transporters associated with root iron uptake in plants are expressed at elevated levels in roots and shoots of hyperaccumulating populations of S. coronatus from both evolutionary lineages. We hypothesise that Ni hyperaccumulation in S. coronatus may have evolved through recruitment of these transporters, which play a role in the iron‐deficiency response in other plant species.