bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Girls’ hidden penalty: analysis of gender inequality in child mortality with data from 195 countries
Authors: Iqbal Neelam , Gkiouleka Anna , Milner Adrienne , Montag Doreen , Gallo Valentina 
Published: October 2018

IntroductionGender inequality has been associated with child mortality; however, sex-specific mortalities have yet to be explored. The aim of this study is to assess the associations between gender inequality and the child mortality sex ratio at country level, worldwide and to infer on possible mechanisms.MethodsData on sex-specific under-five mortality rates (U5MR) and the corresponding sex ratio (U5MSR) for the year 2015, by country, were retrieved from the Unicef database. Excess under-five female mortality was derived from previous published work. Gender inequality was measured using the Gender Inequality Index (GII). Additional biological and social variables have been included to explore potential mechanistic pathways.ResultsA total of 195 countries were included in the analysis. In adjusted models, GII was significantly negatively associated with the U5MSR (β=−0.29 (95% CI −0.42 to –0.16), p<0.001) and borderline significantly positively associated with excess under-five female mortality (β = 3.25 (95% CI −0.28 to 6.67, p=0.071). The association between GII and U5MSR was strong and statistically significant only in low-income and middle-income countries and in the Western Pacific area.ConclusionThe more gender unequal a society is, the more girls are penalised in terms of their survival chances, in particular in low-income and middle-income countries. In order to decrease child mortality and excess girl mortality, global policy should focus on reducing gender inequality surrounding measures of reproductive health, women’s political empowerment, educational attainment and participation in the workforce.
The CITIES Project: Understanding the Health of Underrepresented Populations in Ohio
Authors: Paskett Electra D. , Young Gregory S. , Bernardo Brittany M. , Washington Chasity , DeGraffinreid Cecilia R. , Fisher James L. , Huerta Timothy R. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background:
Ohio, the catchment area of The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center (OSUCCC), includes diverse populations with different cancer profiles. As part of the National Cancer Institute (NCI)-funded initiative to conduct population health assessments in cancer center catchment areas, the OSUCCC surveyed residents, focusing on factors contributing to cancer disparities in Ohio populations.

Methods:
Two sampling strategies were used: (i) probability sampling of mailing lists and (ii) convenience sampling at community events, coupled with phone/in-person/web surveys. Survey items were chosen along multilevel framework constructs, used in concert with other funded NCI-Designated Cancer Centers. Multivariable logistic regression models investigated predictors associated with health behaviors, cancer beliefs, knowledge, and screening.

Results:
The sample of 1,005 respondents were white (46.6%), African American (24.7%), Hispanic (13.7%), Somali (7.6%), and Asian (7.5%). A total of 216 respondents were Appalachian. Variations in cancer attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors were noted by racial/ethnic and geographic group. Multivariable models identified individuals with less financial security as less likely to exercise or be within guidelines for screening, but more likely to smoke and have a poor diet. At the community-level, measures of poverty were highest in Appalachia, whereas children in female-headed households were greater in urban minority areas.

Conclusions:
This population health assessment reinforced the diversity of the OSUCCC catchment area. These populations are ripe for implementation science strategies, focusing in communities and clinics that serve vulnerable populations.

Impact:
Understanding attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors of this population can assist tailoring outreach and research strategies to lessen the cancer burden.
Crítica filosófica como problema da musicologia: Sobre a recepção de Adorno por Carl Dahlhaus exemplificada pelo “Ensaio sobre Wagner”
Authors: Klein Richard 
Published: October 2018

O presente artigo divide-se em três partes. Na primeira parte abordarei de maneira geral o modo pelo qual Carl Dahlhaus recebeu a filosofia da música de Adorno e como ele procurou inclui-la em seu projeto musicológico. Na segunda parte examinarei o modo pelo qual Dahlhaus trata a crítica adorniana a Wagner. Por fim, tratarei das consequências da comparação entre Wagner e Beethoven. Dahlhaus tem razão contra Adorno, na medida em que este deixa a crítica social e a crítica musical coincidirem indiferenciadamente. Por outro lado, isso se converte em equívoco sempre que Dahlhaus, como um musicólogo tradicional, recusa toda crítica social e também a construção filosófica do todo, porque isso ameaça comprometer – ou apenas relativizar – sua própria idéia de autonomia da arte.
Resenha do livro "Villa-Lobos, um Compêndio: Novos Desafios Interpretativos"
Authors: Arcanjo Júnior Loque 
Published: October 2018

Resenha de livro dedicado à vida e obra de Villa-Lobos, organizado por Paulo de Tarso Salles e Norton Dudeque, com textos de vários autores ligados ao grupo de pesquisas PAMVILLA (https://9qtrmpbsu2v.webhostusp.sti.usp.br/pamvilla/).
SALLES, Paulo de Tarso e DUDEQUE, Norton (orgs.) Villa-Lobos, um Compêndio: Novos Desafios Interpretativos (Curitiba: Editora da UFPR, 2017)
Epicardial Ventricular Tachycardia Ablation Guided by a Novel High‐Resolution Contact Mapping System: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Shi Rui , Chen Zhong , Kontogeorgis Andrianos , Sacher Frederic , Della Bella Paolo , Bisceglia Caterina , Martin Ruairidh , Meyer Christian , Willems Stephan , Markides Vias , Maury Philippe , Wong Tom 
Published: October 2018

Background
Mapping using a multipolar catheter with small and closely spaced electrodes has been shown to improve the validity of electrograms to identify endocardial critical sites of reentry isthmus and foci of earliest activation. However, the feasibility, safety, and clinical outcome of using such technology to guide epicardial ventricular tachycardia (VT) ablation has not been reported.

Methods and Results
Thirty‐three consecutive patients from 5 high‐volume centers were studied. These patients had 43 epicardial maps using a novel 64‐pole mini‐basket catheter to guide VT ablation. Activation maps with 17 832 points per map (interquartile range: 7621–32 497 points per map) were acquired in 11 patients with tolerated VT (7 focal, 4 reentry). Substrate maps with 40149 points per map (interquartile range: 20926–49391 points per map) were acquired in 30 patients. Local abnormal ventricular activities were consistently demonstrated at the substrate regions of interest. Epicardial ablation was performed in 31 of 33 patients, with acute VT termination in 10 of 11 patients (91%). Complete elimination of local abnormal ventricular activities was achieved in 25 of 31 patients. At a median follow‐up of 10 months (interquartile range: 4–14 months), 64% (7/11) of patients who had acute termination of VT and 55% (11/20) of those who had substrate modification alone were free of VT. There was no immediate complication following epicardial procedure.

Conclusions
Epicardial VT ablation guided by a mini‐basket catheter is feasible and safe. Complete reentry VT circuits and foci of earliest activation were identified in all inducible stable VT. The longer term clinical outcome of ablation guided by this novel mapping technology utilizing small and closely spaced electrodes will have to be determined with a larger study.
Hebrew Incunabula in Spanish Libraries: Recent Findings and Updated Census
Authors: Alfonso Esperanza , del Barco Javier 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The authors report on the existence of three hitherto unknown copies of Hebrew incunabula printed in Soncino, provide a full description and discussion of a copy of an incunabulum from Leiria, and fragments of an incunabulum from Híjar, which they had previously identified, and offer an updated list of all the Hebrew incunabula extant in Spanish libraries and archives.
The Apollo–Soyuz Test Project: Construction of an Ideal Type of Science Diplomacy
Authors: Krasnyak Olga 
Published: October 2018

Summary
The article explores the Apollo–Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) of 1975, the first joint US–USSR space flight, which was embedded in the wider political, ideological and cultural contexts of the Cold War. The ASTP can be viewed through the lens of science diplomacy (SD). The data, drawn from available sources and memoirs, highlights the phenomenological approach in people-to-people interaction to analyse paths, processes and timeline dependence in such cooperation. The Weberian model of generalization and the path dependency theory of constructing an ideal type were used as the study’s theoretical frameworks. An ideal type of SD is viewed not as universal, but as a heuristic device that can be contrasted and compared with other recognized cases of SD. The significance of utilizing an ideal type of SD is to maintain mechanisms and networks effectively between countries through science and technology-related joint projects when political relations are strained or limited.
Insight into the Thermodynamic Structure of Blowing-Snow Layers in Antarctica from Dropsonde and CALIPSO Measurements
Authors: Palm Stephen P. , Yang Yuekui , Kayetha Vinay , Nicolas Julien P. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBlowing snow is a frequent and widespread phenomenon over most of Antarctica. The transport and sublimation of blowing snow are important for the mass balance of the Antarctic ice sheet, and the latter is a major contributor to the hydrological cycle in high-latitude regions. Although much is known about blowing snow from surface observations, knowledge of the thermodynamic structure of deep (>50 m) blowing-snow layers is lacking. Here, dropsonde measurements are used to investigate the temperature, moisture, and wind structure of deep blowing-snow layers over Antarctica. The temperature lapse rate within the blowing-snow layer is at times close to dry adiabatic and is on average between dry and moist adiabatic. Initiation of blowing snow causes the surface temperature to increase to a degree proportional to the depth of the blowing-snow layer. The relative humidity with respect to ice is generally largest near the surface (but less than 100%) and decreases with height, reaching a minimum near the top of the layer. These findings are at odds with the generally accepted theory that blowing-snow sublimation will cool and eventually saturate the layer. The observations support the conclusion that high levels of wind-shear-induced turbulence cause mixing and entrainment of warmer air from above the blowing-snow layer, which suppresses humidity and produces the observed well-mixed temperature structure within the layer. The results may have important consequences for understanding the mass balance of the Antarctic ice sheet and the moisture budget of the atmosphere in high latitudes.
Using Radar Reflectivity to Evaluate the Vertical Structure of Forecast Convection
Authors: Starzec Mariusz , Mullendore Gretchen L. , Kucera Paul A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSeveral months of regional convection-permitting forecasts using two microphysical schemes (WSM6 and Thompson) are evaluated to determine the accuracy of the simulated convective structure and convective depth and the impact of microphysical scheme on simulated convective properties and biases. Forecasts are evaluated by using concepts from object-based approaches to compare the three-dimensional simulated reflectivity field with the reflectivity field as observed by radar. Results from analysis of both schemes reveals that forecasts generally perform well near the surface but differ considerably aloft both from observations and from each other. Forecasts are found to contain too many convective cores that are individually larger than in the observations, with at least double the number of observed convective cores reaching the midtroposphere (i.e., 4–8 km). Although the number of cores is overpredicted, WSM6 cores typically contain lower simulated reflectivity values than the observations, and the regions of highest reflectivity values do not extend far enough vertically. Conversely, Thompson cores are found to have significantly higher reflectivity values within cores, with the strongest intensities extending higher than in the observations and having magnitudes higher than any observed cores. Forecast reflectivity distributions within convective cells are found to contain more spread than in the observations. The study also assessed the uncertainty in simulated reflectivity calculations by using a second commonly utilized method to calculate simulated reflectivity. The sensitivity analysis reveals that the primary conclusions with each method are similar but the variability generated by using different simulated reflectivity calculations can be as pronounced as when using different microphysical schemes.
A rapid and sensitive fluorescence method for detecting urine formaldehyde in patients with Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Ai Li , Wang Jun , Li Tingting , Zhao Chang , Tang Yonghe , Wang Weishan , Zhao Shengjie , Jiang Wenjing , Di Yalan , Fei Xuechao , Luo Hongjun , Li Hui , Luo Wenhong , Yu Yan , Lin Weiying , He Rongqiao , Tong Zhiqian 
Published: October 2018

Background Morning urine formaldehyde concentrations could predict the severe degree of dementia in patients with post-stroke dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. However, the routinely available technique of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for detecting urine formaldehyde requires expensive and sophisticated equipment. Methods We established a fluorescence spectrophotometric method by using a formaldehyde-specific fluorescent probe-NaFA (λex/em = 430/543 nm). As a standard reference method, the same batch of urine samples was analysed by HPLC with a fluorescence detector (λex/em = 346/422 nm). Then we compared the limits of detection and the limits of quantization detected by these two methods and addressed the relationship between urine formaldehyde and human cognitive ability. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clinical Dementia Rating and Activities of Daily Living scale were used to evaluate cognition function in 30 Alzheimer’s disease patients and 52 healthy age-matched controls. Results Limits of detection and limits of quantization (1.27 and 2.48 μM) of the NaFA probe method were more accurate than Fluo-HPLC (1.52 and 2.91 μM). There was no difference in the detected formaldehyde values within day and day-to-day. Notably, only 3/82 urine formaldehyde concentrations detected by NaFA probe were below zero, while 12/82 of the values analysed by Fluo-HPLC were abnormal. More importantly, there were negatively correlated between urine formaldehyde concentrations detected by NaFA probe and MMSE scores, but positively correlated with Clinical Dementia Rating scores in Alzheimer’s disease patients. Conclusions This detecting urine formaldehyde method by NaFA probe was more rapid, sensitive and accurate than Fluo-HPLC.
Early Risk Factors for Daily Cannabis Use in Young Adults
Authors: Dugas Erika Nicole , Sylvestre Marie-Pierre , Ewusi-Boisvert Esthelle , Chaiton Michael , Montreuil Annie , O’Loughlin Jennifer 
Published: October 2018

Objectives: Daily cannabis use can portend problematic use or dependence. We aimed to identify early risk factors for daily cannabis use in young adults. Methods: Data were available in a longitudinal investigation of 1294 grade 7 students age 12 to 13 years at inception recruited in 10 secondary schools in Montreal, Canada, in 1999. Data on daily cannabis use were collected in mailed self-report questionnaires from 878 participants (67.9% of 1294) at age 20. The associations between each of 23 potential risk factors measured in grade 7 and daily cannabis use at age 20 were modeled using logistic regression. Results: At age 20, 44% of participants reported past-year cannabis use; 10% reported daily use. Older age; male sex; higher levels of family stress and other stress; use of alcohol, cigarettes, and other tobacco products; parent(s), sibling(s), and friend(s) smoke cigarettes; higher body mass index; higher impulsivity and novelty seeking; and lower self-esteem increased the odds of daily cannabis use. Conclusions: Children at risk of daily cannabis use as young adults can be identified early. They may benefit from early intervention to prevent problematic cannabis use.
Influences on Catered Event Ordering in a University Workplace: Development and Validation of the Understanding Food Ordering Survey
Authors: Menge Lindsey , Hu Yueqin , Crixell Sylvia Hurd , Lloyd Lisa , Bezner Janet , Burke Tricia J 
Published: October 2018

Purpose: To develop and validate an instrument to identify factors that influence what is ordered for catered events for employees at a large university. Design: Themes derived from focus groups were used to develop a survey. Setting: A large public university in central Texas. Subjects: Twenty-seven administrative assistants who order food participated in focus groups, 138 completed the survey, and 31 completed the survey a second time. Measures: One hundred fourteen-question, 5-point Likert scale survey. Analysis: Principal component analyses explored constructs. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed structure validity. Test -retest analyses assessed reliability. Results: The final survey, the Understanding Food Ordering Survey (UFO), included 19 items within 3 factors; all factor loadings were above 0.3, with no cross-loadings. Three factors explained 55.5% of the variance. Cronbach α values of .846 for social influences from supervisors/coworkers, .838 for restrictions on ordering due to policies/vendors/attendee feedback, .893 for personal views about nutrition, and .831 for the total affirmed reliability. Test–retest reliability was acceptable ( r = 0.780), and paired samples t test indicated no differences between assessments, mean difference = −0.062, standard deviation = 0.29, t (30) = −1.18, P = .247. Structure equation modeling indicated a good fit between the proposed 3-factor model and observed data, with comparative fit index = 0.921 and root means square error of approximation = 0.074. Conclusion: Interventions to improve the nutritional quality of foods selected for catering may benefit from addressing contributory factors while considering a top-down approach to changing the workplace culture.
Peripheral levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and S100B in neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematous
Authors: Noris-García E , Arce S , Nardin P , Lanigan ME , Acuña V , Gutierrez F , Robinson-Agramonte MA , Gonçalves C-A 
Published: October 2018

Background The aim of this study was to investigate serum S100B and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) patients, with and without neuropsychiatric (NP) manifestation activity. Methods We assessed 47 SLE patients and 20 selected healthy individuals. Disease activity was assessed according to the SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI). Serum BDNF and S100B were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Serum S100B protein was significantly higher in SLE patients. BDNF levels were significantly decreased in active SLE, when compared with inactive SLE, but not when compared with controls. S100B was clearly higher in the NPSLE group, when compared with the non-NPSLE or control groups. Receiver operating characteristic analysis of S100B revealed an area under the curve of 0.706 that discriminated NPSLE patients with peripheral polyneuropathy. Conclusions Our findings reinforce the use of serum S100B as a biomarker in SLE, particularly for NPSLE. Moreover, we found a strong association between serum S100B and peripheral neuropathy, indicating a specific utility for this biomarker in SLE that warrants clinical investigation.
Association between systemic lupus erythematosus and thyroid dysfunction: a meta-analysis
Authors: Luo W , Mao P , Zhang L , Yang Z 
Published: October 2018

Introduction Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease, the pathogenesis of which remains elusive. The deficiency or excess of thyroid hormone is defined as thyroid dysfunction, including (subclinical) hypothyroidism and (subclinical) hyperthyroidism. Autoimmune factors are likely to be relevant to the development of SLE and thyroid dysfunction. Recently, many studies have indicated that the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction is higher in SLE patients than in the general population. The objective of our study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to find out the relationship between SLE and thyroid dysfunction. Methods Literature databases were searched, including PubMed, Embase, Web of science, Cochrane, CNKI, CHINESE WANFANG, China Science and Technology Database (VIP). Studies comparing presence of thyroid dysfunction in SLE patients to healthy controls were extracted. All the statistical analyses were performed with STATA 12.0 software. Results Ten studies with 10,500 SLE patients and 44,170 healthy controls were included in this study. The meta-analysis results showed that the prevalence of (subclinical) hypothyroidism in SLE patients was higher than in the healthy controls (hypothyroidism: OR = 2.93, 95% CI = 1.81–4.75; subclinical hypothyroidism: OR = 5.67, 95% CI = 3.50–9.18). No statistical difference of (subclinical) hyperthyroidism was found between SLE patients and controls. Conclusion Our meta-analysis suggests that SLE is significantly associated with increased risk of (subclinical) hypothyroidism, but it has little influence on (subclinical) hyperthyroidism.
De novo convulsive status epilepticus in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with dalfampridine
Authors: Panicucci Emilie , Cohen Mikael , Bourg Veronique , Rocher Fanny , Thomas Pierre , Lebrun Christine 
Published: October 2018

Background: Dalfampridine extended release (DAL) is a broad-spectrum voltage-gated potassium channel blocker that is indicated in multiple sclerosis to improve the nerve conduction of demyelinated axons. Seizures are a known side effect of DAL, which is contraindicated in patients with a history of epilepsy. Objective: Three cases of multiple sclerosis (MS) with de novo convulsive status epilepticus (CSE) probably related to dalfampridine administration are described. Methods: No patients had a history of seizures or renal impairment. Biological tests were normal. A brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed diffuse cortical and subcortical atrophy without active inflammatory lesions. Results: All three patients presented with CSE that was attributed to DAL and so was discontinued. Conclusion: These case reports illustrate that, aside from seizures, de novo CSE is a potential complication of MS patients treated with DAL.