bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spitzer Phase Curves of KELT-1b and the Signatures of Nightside Clouds in Thermal Phase Observations
Authors: Beatty Thomas G. , Marley Mark S. , Gaudi B. Scott , Colón Knicole D. , Fortney Jonathan J. , Showman Adam P. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We observed two full orbital phase curves of the transiting brown dwarf KELT-1b, at 3.6 and 4.5 μm, using the Spitzer Space Telescope. Combined with previous eclipse data from Beatty et al., we strongly detect KELT-1b’s phase variation as a single sinusoid in both bands, with amplitudes of 964 ± 36 ppm at 3.6 μm and 979 ± 54 ppm at 4.5 μm, and confirm the secondary eclipse depths measured by Beatty et al. We also measure noticeable eastward hotspot offsets of 28.°4 ± 3.°5 at 3.6 μm and 18.°6 ± 5.°2 at 4.5 μm. Both the day–night temperature contrasts and the hotspot offsets we measure are in line with the trends seen in hot Jupiters, though we disagree with the recent suggestion of an offset trend by Zhang et al. Using an ensemble analysis of Spitzer phase curves, we argue that nightside clouds are playing a noticeable role in modulating the thermal emission from these objects, based on: (1) the lack of a clear trend in phase offsets with equilibrium temperature, (2) the sharp day–night transitions required to have non-negative intensity maps, which also resolves the inversion issues raised by Keating & Cowan, (3) the fact that all the nightsides of these objects appear to be at roughly the same temperature of 1000 K, while the dayside temperatures increase linearly with equilibrium temperature, and (4) the trajectories of these objects on a Spitzer color–magnitude diagram, which suggest colors only explainable via nightside clouds.
Energy Partition in Two M-class Circular-ribbon Flares
Authors: Zhang Q. M. , Cheng J. X. , Feng L. , Su Y. , Lu L. , Huang Y. , Li D. , Zhou T. H. , Chen J. L. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the energy partition of two homologous M1.1 circular-ribbon flares (CRFs) in active region (AR) 12434. They were observed by SDO, GOES, and RHESSI on 2015 October 15 and 16, respectively. The peak thermal energy, nonthermal energy of flare-accelerated electrons, total radiative loss of hot plasma, and radiant energies in 1–8 Å and 1–70 Å of the flares are calculated. The two flares have similar energetics. The peak thermal energies are (1.94 ± 0.13) × 1030 erg. The nonthermal energies in flare-accelerated electrons are (3.9 ± 0.7) × 1030 erg. The radiative outputs of the flare loops in 1–70 Å, which are ∼200 times greater than the outputs in 1–8 Å, account for ∼62.5% of the peak thermal energies. The radiative losses of SXR-emitting plasma are one order of magnitude lower than the peak thermal energies. Therefore, the total heating requirements of flare loops including radiative loss are (2.1 ± 0.1) × 1030 erg, which could sufficiently be supplied by nonthermal electrons.
How First Hydrostatic Cores, Tidal Forces, and Gravoturbulent Fluctuations Set the Characteristic Mass of Stars
Authors: Hennebelle Patrick , Lee Yueh-Ning , Chabrier Gilles 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The stellar initial mass function plays a critical role in the history of our universe. We propose a theory that is based solely on local processes, namely the dust opacity limit, the tidal forces, and the properties of the collapsing gas envelope. The idea is that the final mass of the central object is determined by the location of the nearest fragments, which accrete the gas located farther away, preventing it from falling onto the central object. To estimate the relevant statistics in the neighborhood of an accreting protostar, we perform high-resolution numerical simulations. We also use these simulations to further test the idea that fragmentation in the vicinity of an existing protostar is a determinant in setting the peak of the stellar spectrum. We develop an analytical model, which is based on a statistical counting of the turbulent density fluctuations, generated during the collapse, that have a mass at least equal to the mass of the first hydrostatic core, and sufficiently important to supersede tidal and pressure forces to be self-gravitating. The analytical mass function presents a peak located at roughly 10 times the mass of the first hydrostatic core, in good agreement with the numerical simulations. Since the physical processes involved are all local, occurring at scales of a few 100 au or below, and do not depend on the gas distribution at large scale and global properties such as the mean Jeans mass, the mass spectrum is expected to be relatively universal.
Investissement direct étranger et assurance dans les pays en développement : au-delà de l’effet de revenu
Authors: Sawadogo Relwendé , Guérineau Samuel , Ouedraogo M. Idrissa 
Published: September 2019

Cet article étudie l’impact des entrées d’IDE sur la pénétration de l’assurance non-vie dans 76 pays en développement sur la période 1996-2011. Il s’appuie sur deux effets bien documentés dans la littérature : i) les IDE contribuent à la croissance du revenu par tête, et ii) la hausse du revenu par tête favorise le développement des assurances, notamment de l’assurance non-vie. Ainsi, l’objectif de ce travail est de montrer que les IDE contribuent au développement du secteur des assurances au-delà de l’effet revenu. Les estimations montrent que les IDE ont bien cet effet additionnel de l’effet revenu, mais que son ampleur est conditionnée à la sécurité juridique des contrats et des personnes.
Effet des préférences individuelles sur la réussite à long terme des incitations financières à la réalisation d’objectifs de santé
Authors: Crainich David 
Published: September 2019

L’article propose une analyse théorique des programmes d’incitations financières à la réalisation d’objectifs comportementaux liés à santé en distinguant leurs effets à court terme (pendant la durée du programme) et à long terme (après le programme). Notre modèle met en évidence le fait que ces programmes conduisent à l’adoption de comportements plus sains à court terme et à long terme lorsque la richesse n’augmente pas l’utilité marginale de la qualité de vie. Dans le cas contraire, c’est-à-dire lorsque la richesse et la qualité de vie sont des arguments complémentaires de la fonction d’utilité, nous montrons que ces incitations financières peuvent engendrer, une fois le programme terminé, des comportements opposés à ceux pour lesquelles elles ont été introduites. Classification JEL : D81 ; I18
Process Design Kit and Design Automation for Flexible Hybrid Electronics
Authors: Huang Tsung-Ching , Lei Ting , Shao Leilai , Sivapurapu Sridhar , Swaminathan Madhavan , Bao Zhenan , Cheng Kwang-Ting , Beausoleil Raymond 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
High-performance low-cost flexible hybrid electronics (FHE) are desirable for applications such as internet of things and wearable electronics. Carbon nanotube (CNT) thin-film transistor (TFT) is a promising candidate for high-performance FHE because of its high carrier mobility, superior mechanical flexibility, and material compatibility with low-cost printing and solution processes. Flexible sensors and peripheral CNT-TFT circuits, such as decoders, drivers, and sense amplifiers, can be printed and hybrid-integrated with thinned (&lt;50 μm) silicon chips on soft, thin, and flexible substrates for a wide range of applications, from flexible displays to wearable medical devices. Here, we report (1) a process design kit (PDK) to enable FHE design automation for large-scale FHE circuits and (2) solution process-proven intellectual property blocks for TFT circuits design, including Pseudo-Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (Pseudo-CMOS) flexible digital logic and analog amplifiers. The FHE-PDK is fully compatible with popular silicon design tools for design and simulation of hybrid-integrated flexible circuits.
Moisture-Resistant Sealing Materials for Downhole HPHT Electrical Feedthrough Package
Authors: Xia Hua , Settles Nelson , DeWire David 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
A bismuth oxide–based multicomponent glass system, xH3BO3-yBi2O3-(1-x-y-δ)MO-δ· rare earth oxides (REOs) with MO = TiO2, BaO, ZnO, Fe2O3, etc., and lanthanum series–based REOs, for making downhole high-pressure and high-temperature electrical feedthrough package has been developed using high-temperature melt-quenching and sintering technologies. By properly controlling phase structures in material-manufacturing processes, the obtained sealing materials have shown moisture-resistant properties in their monoclinic and tetragonal mixed phase structures but strongly hydrophobic properties in their covalent bond tetragonal phase. Sealed electrical feedthrough packages have been evaluated under boiling water immersion and 200°C/30,000 PSI water-fluid–simulated downhole harsh environments. The post electrical insulation measurement has demonstrated to be greater than 1.0 × 1014 Ω electrical resistance. This article will show that such a high–bonding strength and high–insulation strength sealing material could be used to seal electrical feed-throughs and connectors for 300°C/30,000 PSI downhole and subsea wireline, logging while drilling, and measurement while drilling tools' signal, data, and electrical power transmissions.
Reincarnation, resurrection and the question of representation
Authors: Majeed Hasskei , Ramose Mogobe 
Published: September 2019

This article discusses critically the problems and significance of the concepts of reincarnation and the resurrection. It focuses on the contemporary debate on this topic between Robert Almeder and Stephen Hales. The Akan understanding of these concepts is invoked showing the contrast and,even comparison between the African and the Western understanding of the concepts. It is suggested in this article that the arguments for these concepts could still be ameliorated. This point is taken up by Ramose’s focus on the issues that arise from the critical discussion. Ramose points out that the concept of immortality requires a special place in the discussion since it is the axis around which both reincarnation and resurrection revolve. He complements the discussion accordingly. He further argues that the topic is as relevant today as it was since the dawn of humankind. Any attempt to exclude or discard the topic from philosophy is both questionable and an arbitrary limitation of the scope and meaning of philosophy.2Keywords: ‘God’, ‘the soul’, immortality, reincarnation, resurrection, the body
Book Review: African Philosophy: Reflections on Yoruba Metaphysics and Jurisprudence
Authors: Oduwole Ebunoluwa Olufemi 
Published: September 2019

Book Title: African Philosophy: Reflections on Yoruba Metaphysics and JurisprudenceBook Author: Oladele Abiodun BalogunPublisher: Xcel Publishers. Pages: 387. Year of Publication: 2018
Terrestrial ecosystem carbon flux estimated using GOSAT and OCO-2 XCO2 retrievals
Authors: Wang Hengmao , Jiang Fei , Wang Jun , Ju Weimin , Chen Jing M. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract. In this study, both the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) and the
Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO-2) XCO2 retrievals produced by the NASA
Atmospheric CO2 Observations from Space (ACOS) project (version b7.3)
are assimilated within the GEOS-Chem 4D-Var assimilation framework to
constrain the terrestrial ecosystem carbon flux during 1 October 2014 to 31 December 2015. One inversion for the comparison, using in situ CO2
observations, and another inversion as a benchmark for the simulated
atmospheric CO2 distributions of the real inversions, using global
atmospheric CO2 trends and referred to as the poor-man inversion, are also
conducted. The estimated global and regional carbon fluxes for 2015 are
shown and discussed. CO2 observations from surface flask sites and
XCO2 retrievals from Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) sites are used to evaluate the simulated
concentrations with the posterior carbon fluxes. Globally, the terrestrial
ecosystem carbon sink (excluding biomass burning emissions) estimated from
GOSAT data is stronger than that inferred from OCO-2 data, weaker than the
in situ inversion and matches the poor-man inversion the best.
Regionally, in most regions, the land sinks inferred from GOSAT data are
also stronger than those from OCO-2 data, and in North America, Asia and
Europe, the carbon sinks inferred from GOSAT inversion are comparable to
those from in situ inversion. For the latitudinal distribution of land
sinks, the satellite-based inversions suggest a smaller boreal and tropical
sink but larger temperate sinks in both the Northern and Southern Hemisphere
than the in situ inversion. However, OCO-2 and GOSAT generally do not agree
on which continent contains the smaller or larger sinks. Evaluations using
flask and TCCON observations and the comparisons with in situ and poor-man
inversions suggest that only GOSAT and the in situ inversions perform better
than a poor-man solution. GOSAT data can effectively improve the carbon
flux estimates in the Northern Hemisphere, while OCO-2 data, with the specific
version used in this study, show only slight improvement. The differences
of inferred land fluxes between GOSAT and OCO-2 inversions in different
regions are mainly related to the spatial coverage, the data amount and the
biases of these two satellite XCO2 retrievals.
The Floodwater Depth Estimation Tool (FwDET v2.0) for improved remote sensing analysis of coastal flooding
Authors: Cohen Sagy , Raney Austin , Munasinghe Dinuke , Loftis J. Derek , Molthan Andrew , Bell Jordan , Rogers Laura , Galantowicz John , Brakenridge G. Robert , Kettner Albert J. , Huang Yu-Fen , Tsang Yin-Phan 
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Remote sensing analysis is routinely used to map flooding
extent either retrospectively or in near-real time. For flood emergency
response, remote-sensing-based flood mapping is highly valuable as it can
offer continued observational information about the flood extent over large
geographical domains. Information about the floodwater depth across the
inundated domain is important for damage assessment, rescue, and
prioritizing of relief resource allocation, but cannot be readily estimated from
remote sensing analysis. The Floodwater Depth Estimation Tool (FwDET) was
developed to augment remote sensing analysis by calculating water depth
based solely on an inundation map with an associated digital elevation model
(DEM). The tool was shown to be accurate and was used in flood response
activations by the Global Flood Partnership. Here we present a new version
of the tool, FwDET v2.0, which enables water depth estimation for coastal
flooding. FwDET v2.0 features a new flood boundary identification scheme
which accounts for the lack of confinement of coastal flood domains at the
shoreline. A new algorithm is used to calculate the local floodwater
elevation for each cell, which improves the tool's runtime by a factor of 15
and alleviates inaccurate local boundary assignment across permanent water
bodies. FwDET v2.0 is evaluated against physically based hydrodynamic
simulations in both riverine and coastal case studies. The results show good
correspondence, with an average difference of 0.18 and 0.31 m for the
coastal (using a 1 m DEM) and riverine (using a 10 m DEM) case studies,
respectively. A FwDET v2.0 application of using remote-sensing-derived flood
maps is presented for three case studies. These case studies showcase FwDET v2.0 ability to efficiently provide a synoptic assessment of floodwater.
Limitations include challenges in obtaining high-resolution DEMs and
increases in uncertainty when applied for highly fragmented flood inundation
domains.
Publicidad de marcas líderes ante la crisis
Authors: Caride Manuel 
Published: September 2019

La reciente crisis económica ha cambiado nuestra realidad. Las marcas líderes han aprovechado la ocasión para mostrar a través de la publicidad su capacidad de resistencia y su fortaleza ante los envites provocados por la crisis.
El presente artículo analiza los mensajes publicitarios de tres marcas líderes, estudiando tres piezas de spots publicitarios –una por cada marca– para ello se utiliza la técnica del análisis de contenido. Este estudio nos permitirá reconocer el empleo que estas marcas líderes han hecho de la crisis económica en sus mensajes publicitarios y conocer cuáles son las razones que motivan que estas marcas recurran a la crisis en sus mensajes publicitarios.
Development of a Process and Infrastructure to Outreach Stakeholders for Capturing Healthcare System Stress in Emergency Response Situations
Authors: Read Taylor , White Elizabeth , Cobb J Perren , Mar Perry , Shanmugam Mahesh , Rocha Roberto , Collins Rossetti Sarah 
Published: September 2019

Real time data provided by frontline clinicians could be used to direct immediate resources during a public health emergency and inform increased preparedness for future events. The [group name removed for blind review], a group of expert critical care and emergency medicine physicians at various academic medical centers across the US, aims to enhance the national capability of rapid electronic data collection, along with analysis and dissemination of findings. To achieve these aims, [group name removed for blind review] created a process for real-time data capture that relies on a curated and engaged network of clinical providers from various geographical regions to respond to short online “Pulse” queries about healthcare system stress. During a period of three years, five queries were created and distributed. The first two queries were used to develop and validate the data collection infrastructure.Results are reported for the last three queries between June 2015 and March 2016. Response rates consistently ranged from 39% to 42%. Our team demonstrated that our system and processes were ready for creation and rapid dissemination of episodic queries for rapid data collection, transmittal, and analysis through a curated national network of clinician responders during a public health emergency. [group name removed for blind review] aims to further increase the response rate through additional engagement efforts within the network, to continue to grow the clinician responder database, and to optimize additional query content.
Heaven’s Revolving Door? Cosmology, Entrance, and Approach in Hebrews
Authors: Moore Nicholas J. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The significance of “entering” and “approaching” terminology in Hebrews has been contested, with some scholars viewing these terms as clearly distinct and others arguing they are fully synonymous. This debate is often framed in eschatological terms: when rest or heaven is entered. This article instead explores these questions from a cosmological point of view. First, language of “vertical” and “horizontal” as applied to Hebrews’ cosmology is critiqued for its imprecision and lack of explanatory power with respect to the entrance and approach passages in the letter. In place of a neat vertical/horizontal distinction, it is suggested that we find a complex and plural, yet nevertheless consistent, distinction between earth and heaven. Second, four passages in Hebrews are examined at greater length in the context of OT and Second Temple period texts, in order to demonstrate that it is more coherent in cosmological terms to regard approaching and entering as separate rather than identical movements.
Ask and You Shall Intercede: The Peculiar Perlocutionary Power of Asking God Questions
Authors: Mann Steven 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This article explores the ways in which the act of asking God questions in certain biblical passages directly contributes to the success of prophetic intercessory prayers. Using speech act theory, this article will investigate the function of these questions within the world of the text (the story level) and the world of the audience (the storyteller level). On the story level, the questions contribute to the (potential) overall success of the prayer by directing God’s focus away from aspects of the situation that might elicit divine wrath and toward aspects that may encourage God to be gracious. On the storyteller level, these questions might not only equip believing audiences to utilize questions in their own prayers but enable them to interact with the world in ways that model God’s grace.
Comedy of the Studio: Daguerreotype, or I Know all These Faces (1850) by Vladimir Sollogub and Peter Karatygin
Authors: Madloch Joanna 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This article discusses an 1850 vaudeville titled Daguerreotype, or I Know All These Faces by two Russian writers, Vladimir Sollogub and Peter Karatygin in the context of the nineteenth-century Western satirical publications aimed at photography. The author analyzes the play in light of various theories of humor, concentrating mostly on the theories of incongruity and superiority. In this light, the article displays how the comedy performed in 1850s in Russian big cities was aimed at a specific public, which, in order to understand the jokes, must have possessed elementary knowledge and experience associated with photographic process as seen from the point of view of the client. In conclusion, the author demonstrates that unlike Western satire, the Russian play does not ridicule the photographer, but rather aims sarcasm at their clients, and in this way caricatures both the conservatism and backwardness of nineteenth-century provincial Russian society.
Templatic morphology through syntactic selection: Valency-changing extensions in Kinyarwanda
Authors: Banerjee Neil 
Published: September 2019

The existence of both morphological templates (Hyman 2003) and Mirror Principle (Baker 1985) compliant behaviour in the same language presents an interesting case of grammatical principles at odds. The two principles sometimes predict opposite orderings for the surface form of valency-changing derivational morphology in Bantu languages. In Kinyarwanda, this tension is unresolved, leading to certain forms being unavailable, rather than favouring one principle over the other. Independently available periphrastic forms are used to convey the problematic meanings. This paper presents an alternative to syntactic movement or Optimality Theoretic analyses for templatic morphology that have been proposed in the literature. It argues that syntactic selection by heads can better derive the facts of Kinyarwanda. Independent syntactic properties of the heads that underlie the derivational morphology suggest a particular set of selectional properties for these heads in Kinyarwanda, independent of the data showing their ordering. An analysis based on syntactic selection is sufficient to account both for the orders of the morphemes and their syntactic properties. This result suggests, in line with recent work, that syntactic selection is an alternative mechanism by which seemingly templatic behaviour in the morphology can be realised (Pylkkänen 2008; Harley 2013; Jung 2014).