bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Critical role of sigma-1 receptors in central neuropathic pain-related behaviours after mild spinal cord injury in mice
Authors: Castany Sílvia , Gris Georgia , Vela José Miguel , Verdú Enrique , Boadas-Vaello Pere 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSigma-1 receptor (σ1R) knockout (KO) CD1 mice, generated by homologous recombination, and separate pharmacological studies in wild type (WT) mice were done to investigate the role of this receptor in the development of pain-related behaviours (thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia) in mice after spinal cord contusion injury (SCI) – a model of central neuropathic pain. The modulatory effect of σ1R KO on extracellular mediators and signalling pathways in the spinal cord was also investigated. In particular, changes in the expression of inflammatory cytokines (tumour necrosis factor TNF-α, interleukin IL-1β) and both the expression and activation (phosphorylation) of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 2B (NR2B-NMDA) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) were analysed. Compared with WT mice, both mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity were attenuated in σ1R KO mice following SCI. Accordingly, treatment of WT mice with the σ1R antagonist MR309 (previously developed as E-52862; S1RA) after SCI exerted antinociceptive effects (i.e. reduced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia). Attenuated nociceptive responses in σ1R KO were accompanied by reduced expression of TNF- α and IL-1β as well as decreased activation/phosphorylation of NR2B-NMDA receptors and ERK1/2. These findings suggest that σ1R may modulate central neuropathic pain and point to regulation of sensitization-related phenomena as a possible mechanism.
Functional innate immunity restricts Hepatitis C Virus infection in induced pluripotent stem cell–derived hepatocytes
Authors: Schöbel Anja , Rösch Kathrin , Herker Eva 
Published: February 2018

AbstractKnowledge of activation and interplay between the hepatitis C virus (HCV) and the hosts’ innate immunity is essential to understanding the establishment of chronic HCV infection. Human hepatoma cell lines, widely used as HCV cell culture system, display numerous metabolic alterations and a defective innate immunity, hindering the detailed study of virus-host interactions. Here, we analysed the suitability of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived hepatocyte-like cells (iHLCs) as a physiologically relevant model to study HCV replication in vitro. Density gradients and triglyceride analysis revealed that iHLCs secreted very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL)-like lipoproteins, providing a putative platform for bona fide lipoviroparticles. iHLCs supported the full HCV life cycle, but in contrast to Huh7 and Huh7.5 cells, replication and viral RNA levels decreased continuously. Following HCV infection, interferon-stimulated gene (ISG)-expression significantly increased in iHLCs, whereas induction was almost absent in Huh7/7.5 cells. However, IFNα-stimulation equally induced ISGs in iHLCs and hepatoma cells. JAK-STAT pathway inhibition increased HCV replication in mature iHLCs, but not in Huh7 cells. Additionally, HCV replication levels where higher in STAT2-, but not STAT1-knockdown iHLCs. Our findings support iHLCs as a suitable model for HCV-host interaction regarding a functional innate immunity and lipoprotein synthesis.
Engineering Axl specific CAR and SynNotch receptor for cancer therapy
Authors: Cho Jang Hwan , Okuma Atsushi , Al-Rubaye Dalal , Intisar Ejaj , Junghans Richard P. , Wong Wilson W. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAxl is a tyrosine kinase receptor that is commonly overexpressed in many cancers. As such, Axl represents an attractive therapeutic target. The transfer of engineered T cell expressing chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) is an exciting cancer therapeutic approach that shows high efficacy against cancers in clinical trials, especially for B cell malignancies. Furthermore, recently developed synthetic Notch (synNotch) receptor has demonstrated potential in enhancing the specificity of CAR T cell therapy and delivering therapeutic payloads to tumors in an antigen-dependent manner. Therefore, a CAR or synNotch against Axl could be a valuable therapeutic reagent against many cancers. Here, we develop a single-chain variable fragment from a humanized monoclonal antibody against Axl. The scFv is attached to CD3ζ, CD28, and 4-1BB signaling domains to generate an anti-Axl CAR. When introduced into human primary T cells, the anti-Axl CAR can lead to cytokine production and cell killing in response to tumor cells expressing Axl. Moreover, an anti-Axl synNotch generated using the same scFv can be activated with Axl expressing tumor cells. Given the fact that Axl is an important cancer therapeutic target, these receptors could be valuable reagents for developing anti-Axl therapies.
Acrylic Acid Plasma Coated 3D Scaffolds for Cartilage tissue engineering applications
Authors: Cools Pieter , Mota Carlos , Lorenzo-Moldero Ivan , Ghobeira Rouba , De Geyter Nathalie , Moroni Lorenzo , Morent Rino 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe current generation of tissue engineered additive manufactured scaffolds for cartilage repair shows high potential for growing adult cartilage tissue. This study proposes two surface modification strategies based on non-thermal plasma technology for the modification of poly(ethylene oxide terephthalate/poly(butylene terephthalate) additive manufactured scaffolds to enhance their cell-material interactions. The first, plasma activation in a helium discharge, introduced non-specific polar functionalities. In the second approach, a carboxylic acid plasma polymer coating, using acrylic acid as precursor, was deposited throughout the scaffolds. Both surface modifications were characterized by significant changes in wettability, linked to the incorporation of new oxygen-containing functional groups. Their capacity for chondrogenesis was studied using ATDC5 chondroblasts as a model cell-line. The results demonstrate that the carboxylic acid-rich plasma coating had a positive effect on the generation of the glucoaminoglycans (GAG) matrix and stimulated the migration of cells throughout the scaffold. He plasma activation stimulated the formation of GAGs but did not stimulate the migration of chondroblasts throughout the scaffolds. Both plasma treatments spurred chondrogenesis by favoring GAG deposition. This leads to the overall conclusion that acrylic acid based plasma coatings exhibit potential as a surface modification technique for cartilage tissue engineering applications.
Postpartum Genital Melanoma – A Case Report
Authors: Nai Gisele Alborghetti , Bazan Andressa , Rocha Caroline Andrade , Nagy Juliana Souza , Campos Isadora Tanaka 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMelanomas of the female genital tract may occur in the vulva, the vagina, the ovary or the cervix. Pregnancy has been considered an aggravating factor in the evolution and prognosis of melanoma. A 35-year-old female presented with vaginal bleeding 2 months after a term cesarean delivery. An endovaginal ultrasound revealed a lesion in the uterine cervix. The pathological report revealed a small round-cell neoplasm, and the immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of malignant melanoma. A positron emission tomography revealed an expansive hypermetabolic lesion centered on the cervix, and hypermetabolic lesions in the liver and right kidney. Non-surgical treatment was provided, with biochemotherapy followed by ipilimumab and nivolumab. The patient died one year later. Postpartum vaginal bleeding, even if late-onset, should be investigated, as it may be a pregnancy-associated malignant melanoma, which has a poor prognosis.
Preoperative Care of the TKA Patient
Authors: Edwards Paul , Mears Simon , Barnes C. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTotal knee arthroplasty continues to increase in popularity and remains the most common joint replacement surgery. The success of total knee replacement surgery is attributed to improved outcomes, a better patient experience, and lower cost. Rapid recovery total knee replacement protocols have led to these advances by decreasing length of hospital stay, minimizing readmissions, and reducing the cost of surgery. Rapid recovery total knee replacement pathway efforts should focus on preoperative education, optimization of modifiable risk factors, and identification of patients that may not be suitable for this pathway.
Association of Antibiotic Utilization and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes among Extremely Low Gestational Age Neonates without Proven Sepsis or Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Authors: Ting Joseph , Synnes Anne , Roberts Ashley , Deshpandey Akhil , Dow Kimberly , Yang Junmin , Lee Kyong-Soon , Lee Shoo , Shah Prakesh ,   on behalf of the Canadian Neonatal Network and Canadian Neonatal Follow-Up Network
Published: February 2018

Objective The objective is to evaluate the association between antibiotic utilization and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 to 21 months' corrected age among extremely low gestational age neonates without culture-proven sepsis or necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).
Study Design We conducted a retrospective cohort study of infants born between April 2009 and September 2011 at <29 weeks' gestation and admitted to the neonatal intensive care units contributing data to the Canadian Neonatal Network. Multivariable analysis was performed to examine the primary composite outcome of death or significant neurodevelopmental impairment (sNDI) in infants with various antibiotic utilization rates (AURs).
Result There were 1,373 infants who fulfilled our inclusion criteria. Compared with infants in the lowest AUR quartile (Q1), those in the highest quartile (Q4) had higher odds of death or sNDI (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 7.44; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.55, 12.2) and death (AOR = 39.3; 95% CI: 16.1, 95.9).
Conclusion Our results indicate an association between high AUR and a composite outcome of death or adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 to 21 months' corrected age.
Virusassoziierte Arthritiden – Globalisierung von Überträgern und Erregern
Authors: Ensser Armin 
Published: February 2018

ZusammenfassungAufgrund veränderter Verbreitungsgebiete der Vektoren muss inzwischen auch in Süd- und Mitteleuropa mit dem gelegentlichen Auftreten von lokal erworbenen Infektionen und kleineren Ausbrüchen „tropischer“ Viren gerechnet werden. Die Mehrzahl der Fälle ist jedoch Reiserückkehrern aus Epidemie- und Endemiegebieten zuzuordnen. Virusassoziierte Arthritis ist besonders kennzeichnend für die akute Infektion mit dem Chikungunya-Virus. Differentialdiagnostisch sind eine Reihe weiterer Erreger und Frühformen der rheumatoiden Arthritis und anderer Autoimmunerkrankungen abzugrenzen.
Gottestränen gegen die Entzündung
Authors: Ghasemi Nikmanesh Forusan 
Published: February 2018

SummaryDieser Beitrag eröffnet die Reihe „Heilpflanzen in der Augenheilkunde“; die Therapie birgt hierbei besondere Anforderungen und Möglichkeiten im Bereich der Anwendung und Indikation. Weihrauch zählt aufgrund seiner immunmodulatorischen und gefäßwachstumshemmenden Wirkung zu den erfolgversprechenden Phytotherapeutika bei chronischen Augenerkrankungen. Bei feuchter Makuladegeneration und Makulaödem eröffnet der Weihrauchextrakt neue Optionen der begleitenden Therapie und zeigt in der Praxiserprobung positive Ergebnisse.
Ziliarkörper und Schlemm-Kanal
Authors: Corts Magga 
Published: February 2018

SummaryIm Auge ist der Ziliarkörper der Ort der Kammerwasserproduktion. Das Kammerwasser ist wichtig für den Augeninnendruck und die Ernährung von bradytrophen Geweben des Auges. Es wird hauptsächlich über das Trabekelwerk durch den Schlemm-Kanal abtransportiert.
Trockenes Auge: An Sicca-Syndrom gedacht?
Authors: Blume Ralf 
Published: February 2018

SummaryDas Sicca- beziehungsweise Sjögren-Syndrom zeigt sich meist als Funktionsstörung von Tränen- und Speicheldrüsen mit trockenem Auge und Mund. Im vorliegenden Fall liefert die Diagnose die entscheidenden Hinweise für eine erfolgreiche homöopathische Repertorisation. Nach Umstellung auf Nux moschata bessern sich die Symptome des Patienten aus dem Fallbeispiel bis zur Beschwerdefreiheit.
The Impact of Soccer Match Play on the Muscle Damage Response in Youth Female Athletes
Authors: Hughes Jonathan , Denton Katrina , S. Lloyd Rhodri , Oliver Jon , De Ste Croix Mark 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPost-match assessment of creatine kinase (CK) activity and delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) are common markers of exercise-induced muscle damage and recovery status in soccer players. These responses have not been examined in youth female players. This study examined the effect of competitive match play on CK activity and DOMS in elite youth players. Thirty-four elite female players, divided into three chronological age groups (U13, n=11; U15, n=10; U17 n=12). Players completed baseline testing for CK and DOMS that was repeated immediately (for DOMS), 80, 128 and 168 h post-competitive match play for CK. Significant time effects were reported for CK (P=0.006) and DOMS (P<0.01). Significant differences between baseline and 168 h post-match were reported for CK (P<0.01), with significant group differences between the U13 and U17 groups for CK (P<0.01). All parameters returned to baseline in U17s at 168 h, but increased CK was evident for U13s and U15s at 168 h. In conclusion, seven days may be insufficient for biochemical recovery in youth female athletes. Therefore, monitoring strategies to assess muscle damage between training and match play should be considered to track recovery and potentially reduce muscular injury risk.
Tourist motivation and demand for islands.
Authors: Croes R. , Ridderstaat J. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

This chapter sheds light on the characteristics that determine the demand for island tourism, by assessing the motivational and economic aspects of tourists choosing to visit island destinations. The chapter focuses on the various demand models that are suitable for islands that are smaller in size and whether specific determinants of demand, for example, economic versus psychological, need to be addressed to support island tourism. A review of the nature of demand for the Caribbean tourism product involving an emerging tourist destination such as Cuba has been included. In particular, the analysis considers Aruba, Bahamas, Barbados, Jamaica, the Dominican Republic and Cuba.
Subjective well-being and tourism development in small island destinations.
Authors: Croes R. , Rivera M. , Semrad K. J. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

This chapter examines the literature pertaining to the relationship between tourism development and residents' well-being, with a focus on small island destinations. The chapter addresses topics that contribute to well-being, such as the relationship between higher incomes and resident happiness, and the role of tourism development in enhancing social comparison as a force in defining resident happiness. Also presented is a case study focusing on tourism development in relation to residents' well-being in Aruba. The gaps in the literature are highlighted and future research stemming from the insights gained from the literature review as well as directions for policy-makers are discussed.
Destination management: a network perspective.
Authors: McLeod M. , Scott N. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

This chapter explores, using a case study approach and network analysis, the coordination of tourism activities within a destination and thereby highlight the importance of destination management collaboration practices for tourism destination success. The case study is that of a small island tourist destination (the Grand Bahama Island in the Bahamas) that is in decline in terms of visitor numbers and expenditure. The results suggest a need to examine each stakeholder's role within the destination in order to improve destination management practices. Greater coordination is required to create sustained tourism performance, especially when a destination is recovering from a crisis.
Which is more effective for suppressing an infectious disease: imperfect vaccination or defense against contagion?
Authors: Kuga Kazuki , Tanimoto Jun 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
We consider two imperfect ways to protect against an infectious disease such as influenza, namely vaccination giving only partial immunity and a defense against contagion such as wearing a mask. We build up a new analytic framework considering those two cases instead of perfect vaccination, conventionally assumed as a premise, with the assumption of an infinite and well-mixed population. Our framework also considers three different strategy-updating rules based on evolutionary game theory: conventional pairwise comparison with one randomly selected agent, another concept of pairwise comparison referring to a social average, and direct alternative selection not depending on the usual copying concept. We successfully obtain a phase diagram in which vaccination coverage at equilibrium can be compared when assuming the model of either imperfect vaccination or a defense against contagion. The obtained phase diagram reveals that a defense against contagion is marginally inferior to an imperfect vaccination as long as the same coefficient value is used.

Highlights

– We build a new analytical framework for a vaccination game combined with the susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model.
– Our model can evaluate imperfect provisions such as vaccination giving only partial immunity and a defense against contagion.
– We obtain a phase diagram with which to compare the quantitative effects of partial vaccination and a defense against contagion.
A place-based alternative approach to food security: lessons learned from a neighborhood house
Authors: Yan Miu Chung , Sutherland Rory 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The urban poor in many advanced economies have become subject to the problem of food security. So far, the charity food model, such as foodbanks and meal programs, has been the key solution to this problem. This model tends to undermine service users’ aspirations to eat healthy food and their agentic function for change. Using a case study approach, we examine how a place-based community organization, with roots in the settlement house tradition, adopts an alternative approach to food security issues in an impoverished neighborhood. Adopting an activist and a right-to-food philosophy, it has brought together local residents to collectively tackle prevalent hunger and unhealthy food supply problems in the community.
Bone marrow PDGFRα+Sca-1+-enriched mesenchymal stem cells support survival of and antibody production by plasma cells in vitro through IL-6
Authors: Kayaba Atsuko , Itoh-Nakadai Ari , Niibe Kunimichi , Shirota Matsuyuki , Funayama Ryo , Sugahara-Tobinai Akiko , Wong Yi Li , Inui Masanori , Nakayama Keiko , Takai Toshiyuki 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Plasma cells (PCs) acquiring long lifespans in the bone marrow (BM) play a pivotal role in the humoral arm of immunological memory. The PCs reside in a special BM niche and produce antibodies against past-encountered pathogens or vaccine components for a long time. In BM, cysteine-X-cysteine (CXC) chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4)-expressing PCs and myeloid cells such as dendritic cells are attracted to and held by CXC chemokine ligand 12 (CXCR12)-secreting stromal cells, where survival of the PCs is supported by soluble factors such as IL-6 and APRIL (a proliferation-inducing ligand) produced by neighboring myeloid cells. Although these stromal cells are also supposed to be involved in the support of the survival and antibody production, the full molecular mechanism has not been clarified yet. Here, we show that BM PDGFRα+Sca-1+-enriched mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which can contribute as stromal cells for hematopoietic stem cells, also support in vitro survival of and antibody production by BM PCs. IL-6 produced by MSCs was found to be involved in the support. Immunohistochemistry of BM sections suggested a co-localization of a minor population of PCs with PDGFRα+Sca-1+ MSCs in the BM. We also found that the sort-purified MSC preparation was composed of multiple cell groups with different gene expression profiles, as found on single-cell RNA sequencing, to which multiple roles in the in vitro PC support could be attributed.
Supraorbital vs Endo-Orbital Routes to the Lateral Skull Base: A Quantitative and Qualitative Anatomic Study
Authors: Di Somma Alberto , Andaluz Norberto , Cavallo Luigi Maria , Keller Jeffrey T , Solari Domenico , Zimmer Lee A , de Notaris Matteo , Zuccarello Mario , Cappabianca Paolo 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Various extensions of the supraorbital approach reach the lateral and parasellar middle cranial fossa regions by removing the orbital rim and greater/lesser sphenoid wings. Recent proposals of a purely endoscopic ventral transorbital pathway to these regions heighten the need to compare these surgical windows.

OBJECTIVE
To detail the lateral and parasellar middle cranial fossa regions and quantify exposures by 2 surgical windows (transcranial and transorbital) through anatomic study.

METHODS
In 5 cadaveric specimens (10 sides), dissections consisted of 3 stages: stage 1 began with the supraorbital approach via the eyebrow; stage 2, endo-orbital approach via the superior eyelid, continued with removal of lesser and greater sphenoid wings; and stage 3, extended supraorbital, re-evaluated the gains of stage 2 from the perspective of stage 1. Operative working areas were quantified in Sylvian, anterolateral temporal, and parasellar regions; bone removal volumes were measured at each stage (nonpaired Student t-test).

RESULTS
Visualization into the anterolateral temporal and Sylvian areas, though varied in perspective, were comparable with either eyelid or transcranial routes. Compared with transcranial views through a supraorbital window, the eyelid approach significantly increased exposure in the parasellar region with wider angle of attack (P < .01) and achieved comparable bone removal volumes.

CONCLUSION
Stage 2’s unique anatomic view of the lateral and parasellar middle cranial fossa regions paves the way for possible surgical application to select pathologies typically treated via transcranial approaches. Disadvantages may be the surgeon's unfamiliarity with the anatomy of this purely endoscopic, ventral route and difficulties of dural and orbital repair.