bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perivascular Mesenchymal Progenitors for Bone Regeneration
Authors: James Aaron W. , Péault Bruno 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTMesenchymal progenitor cells reside in all assayed vascularized tissues, and are broadly conceptualized to participate in homeostasis/renewal and repair. The application of mesenchymal progenitor cells has been studied for diverse orthopaedic conditions related to skeletal degeneration, regeneration, and tissue fabrication. One common niche for mesenchymal progenitors is the perivascular space, and in both mouse and human tissues, perivascular progenitor cells have been isolated and characterized. Of these “perivascular stem cells” or PSC, pericytes are the most commonly studied cells. Multiple studies have demonstrated the regenerative properties of PSC when applied to bone, including direct osteochondral differentiation, paracrine‐induced osteogenesis and vasculogenesis, and immunomodulatory functions. The confluence of these effects have resulted in efficacious bone regeneration across several preclinical models. Yet, key topics of research in perivascular progenitors highlight our lack of knowledge regarding these cell populations. These ongoing areas of study include cellular diversity within the perivascular niche, tissue‐specific properties of PSC, and factors that influence PSC‐mediated regenerative potential. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1221–1228, 2019.
DREADD‐based synthetic control of chondrocyte calcium signaling in vitro
Authors: McDonough Ryan C. , Shoga Janty S. , Price Christopher 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTCalcium is a critical second messenger involved in chondrocyte mechanotransduction. Several distinct calcium signaling mechanisms implicated in chondrocyte mechanotransduction have been identified using mechanical perturbations or soluble signaling factors. However, these commonly used stimuli can lack specificity in the mechanisms by which they initiate calcium signaling. Synthetic tools allowing for more precise and selective regulation of calcium signaling, such as the engineered G‐protein‐coupled receptors known as DREADDs (Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs), may better assist in isolating the roles of intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) and cell activation in chondrocyte biology. One DREADD, hM3Dq, is solely activated by clozapine N‐oxide (CNO) and regulates calcium activation through the Gq‐PLCβ‐IP3‐ER pathway. Here, hM3Dq‐transfected ATDC5 cells were treated with CNO (100 nM–1 μM) to establish the feasibility of using Gq‐DREADDs to drive [Ca2+]iactivation in chondrocyte‐like cells. CNO administration resulted in a coordinated, dose‐dependent, and transient calcium response in hM3Dq‐transfected cells that resulted primarily from calcium release from the ER. Following activation via CNO administration, hM3Dq‐ATDC5 cells exhibited refractory behavior and required a 4‐h wash‐out period to recover hM3Dq‐mediated signaling. However, hM3Dq inactivation did not inhibit alternative calcium activation mechanisms in ATDC5 cells (via GSK101 or hypo‐osmotic shock), nor did CNO‐driven calcium signaling negatively impact ATDC5 cell health. This study established the successful use of hM3Dq for the safe, targeted, and well‐controlled activation of calcium signaling in ATDC5 cells and its use as a potential tool for assessing clinically significant questions regarding calcium signaling in chondrocyte biology, cartilage pathology, and cartilage tissue engineering. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1518–1529, 2019.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and rhizobacteria affect the physiology and performance ofSulla coronariaplants subjected to salt stress by mitigation of ionic imbalance
Authors: Hidri Rabaa , Mahmoud Ouissal Metoui-Ben , Farhat Nejia , Cordero Irene , Pueyo Jose J. , Debez Ahmed , Barea José-Miguel , Abdelly Chedly , Azcon Rosario 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSalt stress has become a major menace to plant growth and productivity. The main goal of this study was to investigate the effect of inoculation with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF;Rhizophagus intraradices) in combination or not with plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR;Pseudomonassp. (Ps) andBacillus subtilis) on the establishment and growth ofSulla coronariaplants under saline conditions. Pot experiments were conducted in a greenhouse andS. coronariaseedlings were stressed with NaCl (100 mM) for 4 weeks. Plant biomass, mineral nutrition of shoots and activities of rhizosphere soil enzymes were assessed. Salt stress significantly reduced plant growth while increasing sodium accumulation and electrolyte leakage from leaves. However, inoculation with AMF, whether alone or combined with the PGPRPseudomonassp. alleviated the salt‐induced reduction of dry weight. Inoculation with only AMF increased shoot nutrient concentrations resulting in higher K+: Na+, Ca2+: Na+, and Ca2+: Mg2+ratios compared to the non‐inoculated plants under saline conditions. The co‐inoculation with AMF andPseudomonassp. under saline conditions lowered shoot sodium accumulation, electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels compared to non‐inoculated plants and plants inoculated only with AMF. The findings strongly suggest that inoculation with AMF alone or co‐inoculation with AMF andPseudomonassp. can alleviate salt stress of plants likely through mitigation of NaCl‐induced ionic imbalance, thereby improving the nutrient profile.
Effects and mechanism of free amino acids on browning in the processing of black garlic
Authors: Liu Pengli , Lu Xiaoming , Li Ningyang , Zheng Zhenjia , Zhao Ruixuan , Tang Xiaozhen , Qiao Xuguang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDBlack garlic is produced by heating raw garlic at a high temperature for a long time without any additives. The thermal processing induces many chemical reactions, such as the Maillard reaction, which causes the color change from white to dark brown. Garlic contains a variety of amino acids, and the effect of each amino acid on browning is not fully understood. This work investigated the effect and mechanism of free amino acids on the browning of black garlic using model solutions containing garlic neutral polysaccharide, hydrolyzed garlic neutral polysaccharide, fructose, and free amino acids.RESULTSA significant increase in reducing sugar was detected when garlic neutral polysaccharide was heated with glycine. The browning intensity of garlic neutral polysaccharide‐glycine model solution was obviously higher after heating at 80 °C compared with that of garlic neutral polysaccharide solution. The model solution containing histidine had the greatest browning degree. The histidine model has a stable pH value, and almost no 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (5‐HMF) was detected.CONCLUSIONAmino acid can promote the breaking of the garlic neutral polysaccharide chain and can react with the fructose generated to form browning. Histidine has the greatest effect on the browning, because histidine could eliminate the inhibiting effect of organic acid on Maillard reaction due to the buffer ability, and histidine had high reactivity in the late stage of Maillard reaction. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
High‐level expression of PRSS3 correlates with metastasis and poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer
Authors: Wang Fei , Hu Yi‐Lin , Feng Ying , Guo Yi‐Bing , Liu Yi‐Fei , Mao Qin‐Sheng , Xue Wan‐Jiang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesSerine protease‐3 (PRSS3) is a known contributor to the genesis and development of malignant tumors, although its role in gastric cancer (GC) is still unclear.MethodsPRSS3 expression in GC tissue samples and its relationship with clinicopathological features were analyzed. Effects of GC cellular responses to the introduction of small interfering RNA (siRNA)‐mediated and short hairpin RNA (shRNA)‐mediated interference with tumor
PRSS3 expression were also assessed.ResultsPRSS3 was significantly upregulated in GC tissues, and PRSS3 protein levels were higher in tumors that developed metastases soon after the surgery compared with those that remained metastasis‐free. High expression of PRSS3 was associated with tumor N staging and independently predictive of postoperative prognosis in patients with GC. The V1 variant of PRSS3 was primarily detected in GC tissue and cell lines, the others (V2‐V4) being scarcely detectable. Methylation and demethylation drugs had no impact on expression levels of any
PRSS3 transcriptional variant. The downregulated
PRSS3 expression suppressed GC cell growth, migration, and invasion in vitro and in vivo.ConclusionsPRSS3 appears to act as an oncogene of GC. High PRSS3 expression portends postoperative metastasis, serving as an effective biomarker of poor therapeutic outcomes.
Multilevel Palate and Tongue Base Surgical Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Mulholland Graeme B. , Jeffery Caroline C. , Ziai Hedyeh , Hans Varinder , Seikaly Hadi , Pang Kenny P. , Rotenberg Brian W. 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveTo evaluate multilevel palate and tongue base surgery as a method of treatment of obstructive sleep apnea by comparing the pre‐ and postoperative apnea‐hypopnea index.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review. MEDLINE and Embase databases were searched in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines for conducting systematic reviews. Two authors screened all articles and performed methodological quality assessment. Relevant articles where reviewed in detail. Standard inclusion criteria were applied for article selection. Relevant data were extracted and summarized, a difference of means random‐effects model was performed. Our primary outcome measure was change in apnea‐hypopnea index pre‐/postsurgical treatment.ResultsOf 1,172 studies identified from January 2006 to March 2017, 46 studies met inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review. This included 11 surgical subgroups and 1,806 patients. Methodological quality and risk of bias assessments were completed. There was strong male predominance 86.8 (standard deviation [SD] = 10.3%), and the average age was 46.8 (SD = 4.0) years. All studies included overweight to obese patients (average body mass index = 29.1 [SD = 3.5]). The average preoperative apnea‐hypopnea index was 39.0 (SD = 15.4), and the average postoperative apnea‐hypopnea index decreased to 18.3 (SD = 7.5). Meta‐analysis data yielded a decrease in apnea‐hypopnea index of −23.67 with a 95% confidence interval of −27.27 to −20.06.ConclusionsNon–maxillomandibular advancement, multilevel surgical procedures for obstructive sleep apnea demonstrate significant improvements in reduction of apnea‐hypopnea index following surgery in addition to improvement in many other sleep‐specific outcomes. Future research should include larger, higher‐level studies that compare surgical treatments and identify factors associated with outcomes.Level of EvidenceNALaryngoscope, 129:1712–1721, 2019
Sclerotherapy and Topical Nasal Propranolol: An Effective and Safe Therapy for HHT‐Epistaxis
Authors: Esteban‐Casado Santos , Martín de Rosales Cabrera Ana M. , Usarralde Pérez Angela , Martínez Simón Jose Javier , Zhan Zhou Estefanía , Marcos Salazar M. Sol , Pérez Encinas Montserrat , Botella Cubells Luisa 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesEpistaxis is the most frequent clinical manifestation of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). Several topical, systemic, and surgical treatments have been tried, but none have been completely effective. The aim of the present study is to evaluate whether a combined treatment sclerotherapy and topical therapy with propranolol 0.5% nasal formulation would reduce the epistaxis due to HHT and improve patient's quality of life.MethodsAn observational cross‐sectional study was carried out. The primary outcome measure was frequency and severity of epistaxis as measured by the epistaxis severity score (ESS) at baseline (4 weeks before therapy) and at least 4 weeks after the treatment was implemented. Quality of life was analyzed using EuroQol‐5D (EQ‐5D) scale and visual analogue (VAS) scale before and after treatment.ResultsA total of 38 consecutive patients subjected to the combined treatment were evaluated (mean age: 57.2 years, standard deviation [SD] = 13.9; 60.5% women). The mean time of treatment was 37.1 weeks (SD = 14.9). Combined therapy significantly reduces frequency and severity of epistaxis, with an ESS improvement of 5 points from 6.9 ± 2.6 to 1.9 ± 1.3 (P < 0.05); however, the EQ‐5D scale increased from 0.66 ± 0.27 to 0.93 ± 0.12 (P < 0.05). The difference in VAS means showed an increase from 44.6 ± 28.3 to 82.5 ± 12.5 (P < 0.05). The increases in quality of life are in line with the drop in ESS.ConclusionThe study demonstrated that combined therapy (sclerotherapy and topical nasal propranolol) significantly reduced the epistaxis due to HHT and increased patients’ quality of life.Level of Evidence2cLaryngoscope, 129:2216–2223, 2019
Identification of a Novel CNV at 8q13 in a Family With Branchio‐Oto‐Renal Syndrome and Epilepsy
Authors: Men Meichao , Li Wu , Chen Hongsheng , Wu Jiayu , Feng Yong , Guo Hui , Li Jia‐Da 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesBranchio‐oto‐renal (BOR) syndrome is characterized by branchial defects, hearing loss, preauricular pits, and renal anomalies, whereas patients with all symptoms except renal defects are diagnosed as branchio‐oto (BO) syndrome. BOR/BO is one of the most common forms of autosomal dominant syndromic hearing loss, and EYA1 is the major causative gene. In this study, clinical and genetic analyses as well as auditory rehabilitation were performed in a Chinese family with BOR/BO syndrome.MethodsThree affected individuals from a Chinese family were analyzed by whole exome sequencing (WES) to analyze the single nucleotide variants and copy number variations (CNVs). Whole genome sequencing was used to identify the breakpoints of CNVs; and quantitative polymerase chain reaction was utilized to verify the CNVs. Furthermore, cochlea implantation was performed in one patient to reconstruct hearing.ResultsA heterozygous 2.69 Mb deletion at chromosome 8q13 (chr8: 69582185‐72275725) cosegregates with the BOR/BO symptoms in this family, resulting in heterozygous loss of the EYA1 gene. In addition to typical BOR/BO symptoms, epilepsy or gastroesophageal reflux was observed in some patients. Cochlear implantation resulted in significant hearing improvement in one patient.ConclusionsA novel deletion involving the whole EYA1 gene was identified by WES. To the best of our knowledge, epilepsy or gastroesophageal reflux was reported in BOR/BO patients for the first time, which expanded the BOR/BO phenotypes spectrum. Successful auditory rehabilitation can be achieved with cochlear implantations in some BOR/BO patients.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 130:526–532, 2020
Impact of Chronic Kidney Disease on Outcomes in Cirrhosis
Authors: Wong Florence , Reddy K. Rajender , O’Leary Jacqueline G. , Tandon Puneeta , Biggins Scott W. , Garcia‐Tsao Guadalupe , Maliakkal Benedict J. , Lai Jennifer C. , Fallon Michael B. , Vargas Hugo E. , Subramanian Ram , Thuluvath Paul J. , Kamath Patrick S. , Thacker Leroy , Bajaj Jasmohan S. 
Published: March 2019

We hypothesize that the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among patients with cirrhosis has increased due to the increased prevalence of CKD‐associated comorbidities, such as diabetes. We aimed to assess the characteristics of hospitalized patients with cirrhosis with CKD and its impact on renal and patient outcomes. The North American Consortium for the Study of End‐Stage Liver Disease (NACSELD) prospectively enrolled nonelectively admitted patients with cirrhosis and collected data on demographics, laboratory results, in‐hospital clinical course, and postdischarge 3‐month outcomes. CKD positive (CKD+) patients, defined as having an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR; Modification of Diet in Renal Disease–4 variable formula) of ≤60 mL/minute for >3 months, were compared with chronic kidney disease negative (CKD–) patients for development of organ failures, hospital course, and survival. There were 1099 CKD+ patients (46.8% of 2346 enrolled patients) who had significantly higher serum creatinine (2.21 ± 1.33 versus 0.83 ± 0.21 mg/dL in the CKD– group) on admission, higher prevalence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis cirrhosis etiology, diabetes, refractory ascites, and hospital admissions in the previous 6 months compared with the CKD– group (all P < 0.001). Propensity matching (n = 922 in each group) by Child‐Pugh scores (9.78 ± 2.05 versus 9.74 ± 2.04, P = 0.70) showed that CKD+ patients had significantly higher rates of superimposed acute kidney injury (AKI; 68% versus 21%; P < 0.001) and eventual need for dialysis (11% versus 2%; P < 0.001) than CKD– patients. CKD+ patients also had more cases of acute‐on‐chronic liver failure as defined by the NACSELD group, which was associated with reduced 30‐ and 90‐day overall survival (P < 0.001 for both). A 10 mL/minute drop in eGFR was associated with a 13.1% increase in the risk of 30‐day mortality. In conclusion, patients with CKD should be treated as a high‐risk group among hospitalized patients with cirrhosis due to their poor survival, and they should be monitored carefully for the development of superimposed AKI.
Antegrade Hepatic Artery and Portal Vein Perfusion Versus Portal Vein Perfusion Alone in Living Donor Liver Transplantation: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Shaji Mathew Johns , Kumar K.Y. Santosh , Nair Krishnanunni , Thankamony Amma Binoj Sivasankara Pillai , Krishnakumar Lakshmi , Balakrishnan Dinesh , Gopalakrishnan Unnikrishnan , Menon Ramachandran Narayana , Sunny Aleena , Dhar Puneet , Othiyil Vayoth Sudheer , Surendran Sudhindran 
Published: March 2019

Traditionally, deceased donor liver grafts receive dual perfusion (DP) through the portal vein and the hepatic artery (HA) either in situ or on the back table. HA perfusion is avoided in living donor liver grafts for fear of damage to the intima and consequent risk of hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT). However, biliary vasculature is predominantly derived from the HA. We hypothesized that antegrade perfusion of the HA in addition to the portal vein on the back table could reduce the incidence of postoperative biliary complications. Consecutive adult patients undergoing living donor liver transplantations were randomized after donor hepatectomy to receive graft perfusion of histidine‐tryptophan‐ketoglutarate solution either via both the HA and portal vein (DP group, n = 62) or only through the portal vein (standard perfusion [SP] group, n = 62). The primary endpoint was the occurrence of biliary complications (biliary leak/stricture). Secondary endpoints included HAT and patient survival. The incidence of biliary stricture was significantly lower in the DP group (6.5% versus 19.4%; odds ratio, 0.29; 95% confidence interval, 0.09‐0.95; P = 0.04). There was no significant reduction in the incidence of HAT, bile leak, or hospital stay between the 2 groups. The 3‐year mortality and graft survival rates were significantly higher among patients who received DP compared with SP (P = 0.004 and P = 0.003, respectively). On multivariate analysis, nonperfusion of the HA and preceding bile leak were found to be risk factors for the development of biliary stricture (P = 0.04 and P < 0.001, respectively). In conclusion, DP of living donor liver grafts through both the HA and portal vein on the back table may protect against the development of biliary stricture. This could translate to improved patient survival in the short term.
Antifungal and plant growth promotion activity of volatile organic compounds produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens
Authors: Wu Yuncheng , Zhou Jinyan , Li Chengguo , Ma Yan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFusarium wilt of watermelon, caused by F. oxysporum f.sp. niveum (FON), is a devastating disease that causes extensive losses throughout the world. Five bacterial strains (L3, h, β, b, and L) isolated from the watermelon rhizosphere showed antagonistic activity against FON during in vitro tests. Strain L3 produced diffusible and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) which showed the strongest antifungal activity. Arabidopsis thaliana plantlets exposed to VOCs produced by strain L3 showed a 2.39‐fold increase in biomass, 1.40‐fold increase in primary root length, and 5.05‐fold increase in number of lateral roots. Confocal laser scanning microscope showed that the GFP‐labeled strain L3 could colonize along the elongation and differentiation zones of watermelon roots. In greenhouse pot experiments, the biocontrol efficiency of strain L3 against fusarium wilt of watermelon was up to 68.4% in comparison with the control treatment. In addition, inoculation of the strain L3 resulted in a 23.4% increase in plant fresh weight. Based on 16S rDNA sequence analysis, the strain L3 was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens L3. Fourteen VOCs produced by strain L3 were identified through GC‐MS analysis. Of nine VOCs tested, 2‐nonanone and 2‐heptanone were proved to have strong antifungal properties. Acetoin and 2,3‐butanediol were found to promote plant growth. The results suggested B. amyloliquefaciens L3 was a potential biocontrol agent, and that VOCs produced by B. amyloliquefaciens L3 play important roles in the process of biocontrol and plant growth promotion.
The Gulf of Nicoya (Costa Rica) Fisheries System: Two Decades of Change
Authors: Alms Viola , Wolff Matthias 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In the early 1990s, ecological and fishery data from the Gulf of Nicoya (Pacific Ocean) were holistically analyzed, and a trophic model was constructed using the Ecopath modeling approach. The results indicated that this tropical estuary, which is a Costa Rican fishery hot spot, was already overexploited by shrimp trawlers and the longline fleet, and recent observations suggest further deteriorations in this system. To evaluate the ecosystem and socioeconomic changes in the Gulf of Nicoya over the last 20 years, the 1993 model was reconstructed with data from 2013 to compare both system states. Although the summary statistics of both states (i.e., 1993 and 2013) suggested that the system maintained its general functionality and even enabled the total harvest to increase by approximately 20%, a more detailed analysis of the levels of the functional groups suggested that the system was further degraded as follows: (1) most shrimp, eel, and catfish species decreased their share in the catches, with severe economic losses for the fishery; (2) of the species that substantially increased their share in the catches, most were short-lived, low-value species, such as small pelagic and small demersal fishes; and (3) catches of long-lived, high-trophic-level fish, such as rays, sharks, mackerels, and barracudas, decreased. A picture emerged in which the advancing fishery of low-trophic-level species with low economic value enabled the total harvest to increase, while valuable shrimp resources and higher-trophic-level species were depleted. These developments caused a tremendous economic loss of approximately 50%.