bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of a Diagnostic Clinical Model for the Management of Hospitalized Patients with Suspected Deep-vein Thrombosis
Authors: Wells Philip S. , Anderson David R. , Bormanis Janis , Guy Fred , Mitchell Michael , Gray Lisa , Clement Cathy , Robinson K. Susan , Lewandowski Bernard 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the determination of pretest probability using a simple clinical model and the SimpliRED D-dimer could be used to improve the management of hospitalized patients with suspected deep-vein thrombosis. Consecutive hospitalized patients with suspected deep-vein thrombosis, had their pretest probability determined using a clinical model and had a SimpliRED D-dimer assay. Patients at low pretest probability underwent a single ultrasound test. A negative ultrasound excluded the diagnosis of deep-vein thrombosis whereas a positive ultrasound was confirmed by venography. Patients at moderate pretest probability with a positive ultrasound were treated for deep-vein thrombosis whereas patients with an initial negative ultrasound underwent a single follow-up ultrasound one week later. Patients at high pretest probability with a positive ultrasound were treated whereas those with negative ultrasound underwent venography. All patients were followed for three months for the development of venous thromboembolic complications. Overall, 28% (42/150), and 10% (5/50), 21% (14/71) and 76% (22/29) of the low, moderate and high pretest probability patients, respectively, had deep vein thrombosis. Two of 111 (1.8%; 95% CI = 0.02% to 6.4%) patients considered to have deep vein thrombosis excluded had events during three-month follow-up. Overall 13 of 150 (8.7%) required venography and serial testing was limited to 58 of 150 (38.7%) patients. The negative predictive value of the SimpliRED D-dimer in patients with low pretest probability was 96.2%, which is not statistically different from the negative predictive value of a negative ultrasound result in low pretest probability patients (97.8%). Management of hospitalized patients with suspected deep-vein thrombosis based on clinical probability and ultrasound of the proximal deep veins is safe and feasible.Dr. Philip Wells and Dr. David Anderson are the recipients of Research Scholarships from the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada.
Prevalence of Three Common Polymorphisms in the A-subunit Gene of Factor XIII in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Kohler H.P. , Futers T.S. , Grant P.J. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryActivated blood coagulation factor XIII has an important role in the final stage of the clotting cascade by the covalent crosslinking of α- and γ-fibrin chains. We have recently shown that a functional polymorphism in exon 2, codon 34 of the FXIII A-subunit gene is protective against myocardial infarction. To investigate the prevalence of three other common point mutations in the A-subunit gene (codon 564, C to T, 650 G to A and 651 G to C) and their association with FXIII activity and antigen levels, 275 patients with coronary artery disease and 196 controls were studied. There was no difference in the prevalence of the polymorphisms between patients and controls or between patients with or without MI. Only genotype at codon 564 was associated with FXIII activity with lower activities in subjects possessing the T allele. There was evidence of linkage disequilibrium between codon 34 and codon 564. These results suggest that FXIIIVal34Leu is the only common polymorphism in the coding region of the A-subunit gene of FXIII associated with coronary artery disease.
Predictive Value of PAI-1 Plasma Activity and Thallium Perfusion Imaging for Restenosis after Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty in Clinically Asymptomatic Patients
Authors: Gottsauner-Wolf Michael , Sochor Heinz , Hornykewycz Stephan , Beckmann Renate , Lang Irene , Probst Peter , Binder Bernd R. , Huber Kurt 
Published: June 2019

Summary
Background. The main long-term complication of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is restenosis that occurs in 30-50 percent of all primary successful cases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of changes in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) activity and of thallium dipyridamole perfusion imaging performed 3 months after successful angioplasty. All patients were asymptomatic at evaluation. The results of these two noninvasive tests were compared with the angiographic outcome after 6 months.
Methods and Patients. Twenty-five patients were included in this prospective study. All patients had single vessel disease, successful angioplasty and were free of clinical symptoms 3 months after angioplasty that would suggest late restenosis. In 12/25 patients (48%) angiographic restenosis (percent diameter stenosis >50%) was determined by follow-up angiography 6 months after angioplasty. PAI-1 plasma activity was determined by a functional titration assay and increase or decrease of PAI-1 plasma activity was evaluated between values obtained before and 3 months after angioplasty. In 7/25 (28%) patients PAI-1 plasma activity increased to more than 90% of pre-angioplasty values. This increase correlated with angiographic restenosis evaluated 6 months after angioplasty (sensitivity 42%, specificity 85%, positive predictive value 71%, and negative predictive value 61%). Tl-201-perfusion imaging was performed 3 months after angioplasty. This test was indicative for subsequent restenosis in 5/25 patients (sensitivity 33%, specificity 100%, positive predictive value 62%, and negative predictive value 100%). In 10/25 (40%) patients at least one of the two non-invasive tests performed 3 months after angioplasty predicted angiographic restenosis at 6 months; the combined use of PAI-1 and Tl-201-perfusion imaging resulted in increased sensitivity (67%) and high specificity (85%).
Conclusion. The results of this study indicate that an increase of PAI-1 plasma activity may improve the predictive value for restenosis of Tl-201-scintigraphy performed 3 months after angioplasty even in asymptomatic patients.
APC Resistance and other Haemostatic Variables during Pregnancy and Puerperium
Authors: Kjellberg U. , Andersson N.-E. , Rosén S. , Tengborn L. , Hellgren M. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryForty-eight healthy pregnant women were studied prospectively and longitudinally. Blood sampling was performed at 10-15, 23-25, 32-34 and 38-40 weeks of gestation, within one week and at eight weeks postpartum. Classic and modified activated protein C ratio decreased as pregnancy progressed. In the third trimester 92% of the ratios measured with the classic test were above the lower reference level whereas all modified test ratios were normal. Slight activation of blood coagulation was shown with increased levels of prothrombin fragment 1+2, soluble fibrin and D-dimer. Fibrinogen, factor VIII and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 and type 2 increased. Protein S and tissue plasminogen activator activity decreased. Protein C remained unchanged. No correlation was found between the decrease in classic APC ratio and changes in factor VIII, fibrinogen, protein S, prothrombin fragment 1+2 or soluble fibrin, nor between the increase in soluble fibrin and changes in prothrombin fragment 1+2, fibrinogen and D-dimer.
Circadian Variations in Natural Coagulation Inhibitors Protein C, Protein S and Antithrombin in Healthy Men: A Possible Association with Interleukin-6
Authors: Ündar Levent , Ertugğrul Cemal , Altunbas Hasan , Akça Serdar 
Published: June 2019

SummaryRecent observations describe an increase in platelet aggregability and a decrease in fibrinolytic activity in the early morning hours. To determine whether anticoagulant proteins also show such a circadian variation we measured protein C (PC), protein S (PS), antithrombin (AT) and heparin cofactor-II (HC-II) levels on venous plasma samples taken from 10 healthy men at three-hour intervals throughout a 24-hour period. To investigate the possible temporal mapping of circadian periodicity, we also measured plasma levels of beta-thromboglobulin (β-TG) as an indicator of platelet activation, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) as one of the possible regulatory factors that drive this rhythm.Blood samples were drawn at 6 a.m., 9 a.m., noon, 3 p.m., 6 p.m., 9 p.m. and midnight. PC, IL-6 and β-TG were measured by ELISA, PS and AT by latex immune assay and HC-II by chromogenic substrate method. A significant circadian variation was found in PC, PS, AT, β-TG and IL-6, but not in HC-II levels. PC, PS, IL-6 and β-TG were at their peaks at 6 a.m., and nadirs at a time from noon to midnight. AT peak was at 6 p.m. and nadir at noon. The regression of PS on IL-6 was significant. Although the fluctuations of PS and AT were within the normal ranges during the day, some PC levels of two subjects were below the lower normal limit (0.70).These data indicate that PC, PS, and AT show a marked circadian periodicity as the other components of the blood coagulation and fibrinolytic system do. The similar trends in plasma concentrations of PC, PS, β-TG and IL-6 may be coincidental, but could reflect a common regulatory mechanism or an effect on each other. The clinical implications of these physiological changes in coagulation inhibitors and the role of IL-6 in the anticoagulant response deserve further studies.
Differential Role of Components of the Fibrinolytic System in the Formation and Removal of Thrombus Induced by Endothelial Injury
Authors: Matsuno Hiroyuki , Kozawa Osamu , Niwa Masayuki , Ueshima Shigeru , Matsuo Osamu , Collen Désiré , Uematsu Toshihiko 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThe role of fibrinolytic system components in thrombus formation and removal in vivo was investigated in groups of six mice deficient in urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA), tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), or plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) (u-PA-/-, t-PA-/- or PAI-1-/-, respectively) or of their wild type controls (u-PA+/+, t-PA+/+ or PAI-1+/+). Thrombus was induced in the murine carotid artery by endothelial injury using the photochemical reaction between rose bengal and green light (540 nm). Blood flow was continuously monitored for 90 min on day 0 and for 20 min on days 1, 2 and 3. The times to occlusion after the initiation of endothelial injury in u-PA+/+, t-PA+/+ or PAI-1+/+ mice were 9.4 ± 1.3, 9.8 ± 1.1 or 9.7 ± 1.6 min, respectively. u-PA-/- and t-PA-/- mice were indistinguishable from controls, whereas that of PAI-1-/- mice were significantly prolonged (18.4 ± 3.7 min). Occlusion persisted for the initial 90 min observation period in 10 of 18 wild type mice and was followed by cyclic reflow and reocclusion in the remaining 8 mice. At day 1, persistent occlusion was observed in 1 wild type mouse, 8 mice had cyclic reflow and reocclusion and 9 mice had persistent reflow. At day 2, all injured arteries had persistent reflow. Persistent occlusion for 90 min on day 0 was observed in 3 u-PA-/-, in all t-PA-/- mice at day 1 and in 2 of the t-PA-/-mice at day 2 (p <0.01 versus wild type mice). Persistent patency was observed in all PAI-1-/- mice at day 1 and in 5 of the 6 u-PA-/- mice at day 2 (both p <0.05 versus wild type mice). In conclusion, t-PA increases the rate of clot lysis after endothelial injury, PAI-1 reduces the time to occlusion and delays clot lysis, whereas u-PA has little effect on thrombus formation and spontaneous lysis.
Effects of Endotoxemia on Thrombopoiesis in Men
Authors: Stohlawetz Petra , Folman Claudia C. , von dem Borne Albert E. G. Kr. , Pernerstorfer Thomas , Eichler Hans-Georg , Panzer Simon , Jilma Bernd 
Published: June 2019

Summary
Background. Febrile conditions are often associated with increased platelet turnover and refractoriness to platelet transfusions, although several pyrogenic cytokines enhance thrombopoiesis. This study aimed to characterize the effects of experimental human endotoxemia on platelet turnover and thrombopoiesis. Methods. Endotoxin (4 ng/kg) was infused into 30 healthy men to study the regulation of thrombopoiesis in systemic human inflammation. Platelet counts, plasma thrombopoietin (TPO) and glycocalicin levels, and reticulated platelets (RP) were measured to evaluate the effect of acute endotoxemia on thrombopoiesis. Ten subjects received pretreatment with 1000 mg aspirin po. to evaluate possible effects of aspirin on platelet turnover, and ten subjects received paracetamol to control for effects of anti-pyresis. Results. Platelet counts dropped by about 15% (p <0.001) one hour after LPS infusion, began to recover at 24 h, and exceeded baseline values by 8% (CI: 5-12; p <0.001) at 7 days after LPS iv. Reticulated platelet counts increased from 1.62% (CI: 1.24-2.0) to a maximum of 2.39% (CI: 1.81-2.98; p = 0.003) at 6 h. TPO levels increased from baseline values of 10 A.U/ml (CI: 8.8-11.2) to 15.5 A.U/ml (CI: 13.6-17.3) at 24 h (p <0.001), whereas plasma glycocalicin was not changed (p >0.05). The number of circulating platelet-neutrophil aggregates increased more than 100% at 6 h (p <0.001). Neither aspirin nor paracetamol affected changes in any of the parameters measured. Conclusion. Low grade endotoxemia induces a rapid fall of platelet counts, which is followed by an early increase in reticulated platelets and TPO levels but not of glycocalicin levels. Finally peripheral platelet counts increase several days after LPS infusion.
Inventory of Exogenous Hemostatic Factors Derived from Arthropods
Authors: Arocha-Piñango C. L. , Marchi R. , Guerrero B. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryIn many arthropods agents have been detected which affect the hemostatic mechanism. Some agents, such as those identified in hematophagus arthropods, seem to have evolved to help the animal in the feeding process while, in others, the function cannot be explained, but may be part of a defense mechanism (see Refs. 1-3).Some arthropods possess several agents while in others one agent has different activities, i.e., antithrombin activity as well as inhibition of platelet aggregation. Many agents have been only partially characterized while others have been cloned and prepared in recombinant form.The majority of the agents are small proteins. As to the nomenclature, some agents have been described by the authors but have not been assigned proper names.
Watch What You Swallow!—A Rare Cause of Not So Rare Entity Presenting to the Emergency Room
Authors: Mukherjee Pratik , Peng Daniel Wu , Chawla Ashish 
Published: June 2019

AbstractForeign-body ingestion is a rare cause for acute appendicitis. The authors report a case of a 48-year-old man who presented with abdominal pain for 3 days. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a foreign body in the appendix with peri-appendicular inflammatory changes. The patient underwent a successful appendectomy with complete recovery.
Cochlear partition anatomy and motion in humans differ from the classic view of mammals
Authors: Raufer Stefan , Guinan John J. , Nakajima Hideko Heidi 
Published: June 2019

Significance
Basic properties of hearing such as its sensitivity and frequency tuning arise from the mechanical responses in the cochlea. Such responses have been measured extensively in the cochlear base of laboratory mammals, and our understanding of human cochlear mechanics is largely founded on the assumption that cochlear mechanics is similar in all mammals. Here we show that the anatomy and motion of the human cochlear partition differ in crucial ways from the generalized classic view of mammalian cochlear mechanics. Our results call into question this classic view. Establishing the features of human cochlear anatomy and function is important for understanding human hearing and for comparison with results from laboratory animals.
Nogo-A targeted therapy promotes vascular repair and functional recovery following stroke
Authors: Rust Ruslan , Grönnert Lisa , Gantner Christina , Enzler Alinda , Mulders Geertje , Weber Rebecca Z. , Siewert Arthur , Limasale Yanuar D. P. , Meinhardt Andrea , Maurer Michael A. , Sartori Andrea M. , Hofer Anna-Sophie , Werner Carsten , Schwab Martin E. 
Published: June 2019

SignificancePatients suffering from ischemic strokes have limited therapeutic options and are often left with considerable disabilities. To promote neurological recovery, angiogenesis has been proposed as a promising therapeutic target. So far, experimental efforts to enhance vessel growth have almost exclusively focused on vascular growth factor supplementation; this approach has been shown not to be clinically viable due to hemorrhagic risks. Here, we pursued an alternative approach by targeting the guidance molecule Nogo-A, which has been recently shown to inhibit developmental central nervous system angiogenesis. Blockage of the Nogo-A pathway results in restoration of a mature vascular bed within the periinfarct zone. Moreover, we observe enhanced recovery-associated tissue responses and regain of motor functions that strongly correlate with vascular growth.
Atlastin-mediated membrane tethering is critical for cargo mobility and exit from the endoplasmic reticulum
Authors: Niu Liling , Ma Tianji , Yang Feng , Yan Bing , Tang Xiao , Yin Haidi , Wu Qian , Huang Yan , Yao Zhong-Ping , Wang Jifeng , Guo Yusong , Hu Junjie 
Published: June 2019

SignificanceIn the early secretory pathway, newly synthesized proteins undergo folding and modifications and then leave the ER through COPII-coated vesicles. How these processes are coordinated and maintained are important but mostly unclear. We show here that ATL, a GTPase that connects ER tubules, controls ER protein mobility and regulates cargo packaging and coat assembly of COPII vesicles. The tethering and fusion activity by ATL likely maintains tension and other necessary parameters for COPII formation in ER membranes. These findings reveal a role of ER shaping in the early secretory pathway and provide insight into behaviors of ER exportation.
Creating the conditions for human division and structural inequality
Authors: Talib Nadira 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
While Singapore’s education system claims to implement meritocratic ideals, official statistics indicate that Malay students in Singapore have been underperforming when compared to other ethnic groups (MOE 2012). This statistical representation raises the possibility of a politically induced, systemic inequality as a point of investigation. To investigate this seeming contradiction between the rhetoric and practice of equal educational opportunity, this paper proposes a philosophical and analytical synthesis for examining the 1979 policy report that provides the fundamental basis for Singapore’s streaming education system. In examining this policy development, the analysis draws upon a combination of Foucault’s archaeological method and Critical Discourse Analysis as a way of understanding conditions that made possible the continuous re-construction of new but unequal representation of learners. The findings suggest that complex relations between capability identification, justice, and ethics set the conditions for the appearance and transformation of subject positions necessary to legitimise unequal structural access.
The detection of nitro compounds vapor using sensors based on MIS-structures manufactured by laser deposition
Authors: Etrekova M O , Litvinov A V , Mikhailov A A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The conditions of the detection of nitro compounds vapors was investigated using the trinitrotoluene as an example. The detection method consists of pyrolysis and later registration by the MIS-sensor of gaseous products of thermal decomposition . It was shown that the offered method allows to achieve the detection limit of 1·10-12 g/cm3 (particles – 1 ng) with respect to the vapors of trinitrotoluene.
Hydrodynamic processes in fused quartz under the action of laser radiation
Authors: Efremov V P , Kiverin A D , Yakovenko I S 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The paper analyzes numerically the hydrodynamic processes developing inside the fused quartz under the action of intense laser impulses. Depending on laser intensity two basic regimes are obtained and described in details. At low intensities, the slow regime driven by the heat transfer is observed. Herewith, the fracture took place in the heated region before the phase transition. At higher intensities, the high-speed propagation regime is established characterized by the fracture events exactly at the interfacial boundary between the hot plasma and condensed phase. The propagation of absorption wave coupled with the fracture wave is limited by the value of sound speed in the hot plasma, which determines the expansion of plasma into the spallation region ahead of the absorption front. The proposed model of the process agrees well with the recent experimental data, in particular with the characteristic velocity scales.
Analysis of Influence of Seismic Oscillations on Precision Laser Plants’ Work
Authors: Gubskiy K , Sorokin S , Reshetova M , Reshetov V 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The seismic situation in a number of rooms of the NRNU MEPhI, including the Laboratory Building, where the construction of the multifunctional laser complex ELF is planned, is studied. Estimations of seismic and vibrational noise at the main and isolated parts of the basement of the room that hosts the laser complex are obtained.
Unified discrete mechanics II: The space and time symmetric hyperincursive discrete Klein-Gordon equation bifurcates to the 4 incursive discrete Majorana real 4-spinors equations
Authors: Dubois Daniel M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This paper begins with the formalization of the second order hyperincursive discrete Klein-Gordon equation. The temporal second order hyperincursive discrete Klein-Gordon equation is similar to the time-symmetric hyperincursive discrete harmonic oscillator and so bifurcates into a group of 4 incursive discrete real equations of first order. In this group, two equations are the discrete time reverse of the two other equations, giving an oscillator and an anti-oscillator. Firstly, the discrete Klein-Gordon equation, with one space dimension (1D), bifurcates to 4 first order incursive discrete equations that we called the Dubois-Ord-Mann real 4-spinors equations because Ord and Mann obtained the same equations from a stochastic method. Secondly, we generalize to three spatial dimensions (3D) these discrete Dubois-Ord-Mann equations. These 4 discrete equations are then transformed to real partial differential equations which can be written under the generic form of the Dirac quantum 4-spinors equation. Thirdly, we consider a change in the order of space variables and a change of indexes of the functions of the Dubois-Ord-Mann equations. With these changes we obtain the original real 4-Spinors Majorana partial differential equations. Also we obtain the 4 incursive discrete Majorana real equations.