bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Waqf fundraising management: a conceptual comparison between traditional and modern methods in the waqf institutions
Authors: Sulthoni Muhammad , Saad Norma Md 
Published: July 2018

This paper focuses on the theoretical structure of funding for Islamic philanthropy, especially waqf. Waqa>f is projected to play further significant role to tackle present social problems, where financial sustainability has become one of the foremost challenges faced by awqa>f institutions. There is a need to study various models of fundraising that could be applied to reform awqa>f institutions. Employing content analysis approach, this paper analyses traditional and modern structures of fundraising that are applicable for development and management of waqa>f fundraising: istibda>l, h}ukr, ija>ratayn, venture philanthropy of waqf model (VPWM), value-based capital model of waqf (VBCMW), and social enterprise waqf fund model (SEWF).The discussions are expected to be able to contribute towards boosting a better fundraising management of awqa>f institutions in Muslim communities as well as countries.Makalah ini fokus pada struktur teoritis pendanaan untuk filantropi Islam, terutama wakaf. Wakaf diproyeksikan untuk memainkan peran penting lebih lanjut untuk mengatasi masalah sosial saat ini, di mana keberlanjutan keuangantelah menjadi salah satu tantangan utama yang dihadapi oleh lembaga-lembagaawqa>f. Ada kebutuhan untuk mempelajari berbagai model penggalangan danayang dapat diterapkan untuk mereformasi institusi awqa>f. Dengan menggunakanpendekatan analisis isi, makalah ini menganalisis struktur penggalangan danatradisional dan modern yang berlaku untuk pengembangan dan pengelolaanpenggalangan dana wakaf: istibda>l, h}ukr, ija>ratayn, venture philanthropy ofwaqf model (VPWM), value-based capital model of waqf (VBCMW), dan socialenterprise waqf fund model (SEWF). Diskusi diharapkan dapat berkontribusiuntuk meningkatkan manajemen penggalangan dana yang lebih baik darilembaga awqaf di komunitas Muslim serta negara.
Teaching And Learning Writing Using Teacher’s Written Feedback And Conference
Authors: Irawati Iisrohli 
Published: July 2018

The objective of this study is to find out whether there is a significant difference in terms of writing skills improvements between the 8th grade students of SMP N 1 Prambanan Sleman who are given teacher’s written feedback and conference and those who are not in the academic year of 2011/2012. This study involved 71 students from two groups, Class VIII B (35 students) as the experimental group and Class VIII A (36 students) as the control group. The experimental group was given teacher’s written feedback and conference in the writing learning process, whereas the control group was given peer’s feedback. The data were obtained by using two essay writing tests. They were administered to the two groups as the pre-test and post-test. The pre-test was given to both groups before the treatment was given and the post-test was given after the treatment finished. The data of the pre-test and post-test of both groups were analyzed by means of descriptive and inferential statistics. After the data were tested and found to be homogeneous and normal, the hypothesis was tested using the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The results show that there is a significant difference in the writing ability between the students who are given teacher’s written feedback and conference and those who were not. It can be seen in the result of the hypothesis testing using ANCOVA. The significant value of 0.001 is less than the significance level of 0.05 (0.001 0.05), which means that the data of this study are considered to have a significant difference. Therefore, the hypothesis of this study is accepted. It means that the technique of giving teacher’s written feedback and conference significantly improves the students’ writing ability in the English teaching and learning process in SMP N 1 Prambanan Sleman. Keywords : Teaching and Learning Writing; Teacher’s Feedback and Conference; Experimental Research
Students’ Perceptions on a Good Tertiary Foreign Language Teacher
Authors: Tarwiyah Siti 
Published: July 2018

This paper investigates students’ perception of tertiary teachers’ attitude, method of teaching and classroom management in the teaching and learning of (professional, pedagogic, social and personality competence) English and Arabic Language at IAIN Walisongo Semarang. This study is designed quantitavely and qualitatively using closed and open-ended questionnaire for collecting data. The subject of this research is the second semester students of the two faculties at IAIN Walisongo who, in that semester, take Arabic or English language course. The subject is chosen because based on 2012 course distribution, English and Arabic are distributed in the first and the second semester. The findings revealed that it is clearly seen that KPI (Islamic Communication Broadcasting) department students have better perception to their English language teachers. Meanwhile, students who have better perception to their Arabic Language Teachers are those from Islamic Counseling Departments (BPI) of Dakwah faculty. Data of Tarbiyah Faculty shows Arabic language teachers are dominating. Arabic language teachers win 0.5 over English language teachers in almost all characteristics. This implies that expected performance of students in English Language is based on the teachers’ attitude, method of teaching the subject and classroom management. Based on the above-findings, recommendations were made.Keywords:Perception ; Tertiary Teachers ; Personality Social and Pedagogic Competence; English Language; Teaching/Learning
The Impact of Structural Competence towards Speaking Competence of the Fourth Semester Students of English Department
Authors: Nafi Annury Muhammad 
Published: July 2018

This paper tries to define any impact of structural competence towards speaking competence. In this research, the writer used descriptive co-relational method. It was used to describe whether there was an impact between two variables, i.e. structural competence (X) as independent variable and speaking competence (Y) as dependent variable. The subject of study was the fourth semester students of English department of Tarbiyah Faculty IAIN Walisongo Semarang. After the data had been analyzed, it was found that there was significant impact of structural competence especially in appropriateness. It helped students to arrange words into sentences that they utter. Keywords :Structural Competence; Speaking Competence
The Interlanguage Interference on the Difficulties of Building Question Sentences by the Second Year Students of MA As Soorkaty Salatiga
Authors: Famularsih Sari 
Published: July 2018

This study is aimed to elaborate the interlanguage interference of the difficulties which are faced by 40 second year students of MA As Soorkaty Salatiga in academic year of 2004-2005 in building question sentences and the sources of difficulties. The research is conducted by such kind of test. The total number of test are 20 items, consist of 5 yes-no questions, 5 W-H questions, and 10 tag questions which is done in a written essay form. Based on the analysis, the result shows some conclusions. Firstly, the researcher finds the types of difficulties problems are faced by the students in building question mastery, such as: (1) building yes-no question sentences in translation the word “apakah”, that is related with the use of to be. (2) Building interrogative word question sentences in translation the words “apa”, “kapan”, “milik siapa”, etc. That are related with the use of “what”, “when”, “whose”, etc. (3) Completing the tag question sentences with the proper auxiliary based on tense of the sentences. The most difficulties in building question sentences are especially in yes-no question form by using the word “apakah”. In the term of interlanguage, the students’ errors are mostly included in expressing meaning by the words and grammar of the first language. The source of difficulties which have been analyzed are mostly caused by inter lingual and intra lingual transfer. Keywords: Interlanguage; Question Sentence; Interlingual Transfer; Intralingual Transfer
Solusi Perselisihan Konsulat Jenderal dan Kedutaan Besar Amerika Serikat di Indonesia dengan Staf Warga Negara Indonesia
Authors: Fernanda Eunike Giovani , Ana Ida Bagus Oka 
Published: July 2018

Indra Taufiq, an Indonesia citizen, a former local staff working for the United States of America Consulate General in Medan, brought an appeal to the Indonesian Supreme Court to the United States of America Consulate General in Medan and its embassy to pay Indra Taufiq’s termination of employement rights. Although the verdict of the cassation was won by Indra Taufiq, the consulate general and the embassy of the United States of America refused to carry out the court's verdict on the grounds of diplomatic immunity. This is a legal issue that should be reviewed in terms of the perspective of international law related to the legal status of diplomatic or consular representation in Indonesia and what should be done Indonesia to protect the rights of Indonesian citizens workers.
Keywords: Diplomatic and Consular Immunity, Dispute, Citizens
Analisis Pasal 43 Undang-Undang Pengadilan Hak Asasi Manusia dalam Kasus Penghilangan Orang secara Paksa Tahun 1997/1998
Authors: Kumarajati Satya 
Published: July 2018

This paper examines problems as the result of the absence of statement on the establishment of Human Rights Ad hoc Court in the Human Rights Court Act Number 26 Year 2000. By highlingting the kidnapping of activists in the final days of New Order regime in 1997-1998, as Article 43 of Human Rights Court Act, the power to adjudicate is attached to the Human Rights Court. However, the absence of explicit provisions to the establishment of teh Ad hoc Court of Human Rights whether before or after the preliminary investigation to be made by the Indonesian Commission on Human Rights (Komnas HAM), Attorney General argues that no subsequent measures on the results of the investigation made by Komnas HAM into the process of investigation due to the Ad hoc Court of Human Rights was not established. The aim of this paper is to provide views on the establishment of the Ad hoc Court of Human Rights by using doctrinal research with statute and case approaces. As this paper shows, it concludes that the Ad hoc Court of Human Rights was established after premilinary investigation and full investigation as proposed by the House of Representatives which is assigned throug Presidential Resolution.
Keywords: Ad hoc Court of Human Rights, Preliminary Investigation, Investigation
New Insights Into the Role of Tissue Eosinophils in the Progression of Colorectal Cancer: A Literature Review
Authors: Saraiva Ana Laura , Carneiro Fátima 
Published: July 2018

Introduction: Amongst the inflammatory cells implicated in the immune surveillance of colorectal cancer, a growing body of evidence suggests a role for eosinophils in carcinogenesis. We aimed to review the value of tumour-associated tissue eosinophilia (TATE) in the prognosis of colorectal cancer emphasizing the identification and measurement of tissue-infiltrating eosinophils and their association with the clinicopathological features of the disease.Material and Methods: We used PubMed and Web of Science search engines to retrieve studies that looked at the association between tissue eosinophils and colorectal cancer prognosis.Results: We selected 15 studies for our review. In the majority of the studies, eosinophils were identified in hematoxylin-eosin stained sections and scores were generated for analysis. Most of the studies pointed to tumour-associated tissue eosinophilia as a favourable prognostic marker in colorectal cancer and found an inverse association between eosinophil count and the metastatic potential of these neoplasms. The association between tumour-associated tissue eosinophilia and established prognostic markers of colorectal cancer was assessed in some studies, with inconsistent results. Additionally, tumour-associated tissue eosinophilia decreased with the adenoma-carcinoma progression of colorectal lesions.Discussion: Several mechanisms have been proposed regarding eosinophil chemoatraction to tumour tissues and eosinophil-cancer cell cross-talk, suggesting that eosinophils are actively involved in colorectal cancer progression. Although a scoring system is still lacking, tumour-associated tissue eosinophilia meets the criteria of a convenient histopathological prognosticator in colorectal cancer.Conclusion: Collectively, current evidence associates the presence of eosinophils in the colorectal cancer microenvironment with the modulation of tumour progression. The clinical impact of this finding deserves future research.
On the Use of Distributed Temperature Sensing and Distributed Acoustic Sensing for the Application of Gas Lift Surveillance
Authors: Hemink Gijs , van der Horst Juun 
Published: July 2018

Summary
Fiber-optic (FO) -based sensing technologies such as distributed temperature sensing (DTS) or distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) for well surveillance are attractive because they offer a continuous collection of real-time downhole data without the need for well intervention, thus avoiding production deferment. An example is the application of DTS and DAS for gas lift performance monitoring in oil producers by measuring the thermal and acoustic effects from the flow of lift gas through the valves into the production tubing to determine the active, inactive, and possibly leaking valves, and, also, the unloading depth. An anomaly observed in DTS data of a deepwater Gulf of Mexico (GOM) gas lifted oil producer led to a significantly improved interpretation methodology that allows inferring both the lifting depths and the annular-fluid interface(s). These results were confirmed by DAS, by identifying gas flow through a valve in selected acoustic-frequency bands. The new insights have been applied to five wells in the GOM and Southeast Asia.
Responses of Cowpea Genotypes to Indigenous Rock Phosphate Application
Authors: Suzuki Kanako , Fatokun Christian , Boukar Ousmane 
Published: July 2018

Core Ideas
Indigenous RP has possibility as an alternative P source of mineral P fertilizer.
Seven cowpea genotypes were identified as good responders to RP application.
Application amount at 57 mg P kg−1 as RP was optimum amount for cowpea.
Micro‐dosing technic was appropriate for applying powdery RP in the fields.
Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] plays an important role in the livelihoods of the people of sub‐Saharan Africa, but phosphorus (P) deficiency in soils is a serious problem that contributes to low productivity. This study was conducted to verify the efficiency of indigenous rock phosphate (RP) as a P source to promote this affordable method of soil management to farmers. Pot experiments were conducted to identify good responder genotypes to RP application and its effect in cowpea cultivation using low‐P soil from Fashola village in southwestern Nigeria and Togolese RP (34% P2O5). Shoot dry weight (SDW) at 8 wk after seeding (WAS) was significantly correlated with P uptake (r = 0.817; P < 0.01) and was therefore used as an indicator to select good responder genotypes. Sixteen of the 28 tested genotypes showed a low rate of decrease of SDW at 8 WAS under Togolese RP applications of 171 mg P kg−1 compared with 30 mg P kg−1 (as KH2PO4). Seven of these genotypes (Iron bean, IT87D‐941–1, IT97K‐499–38, DanIla, IT95K‐1543, IT97K‐556–4, and IT90K‐284–2) showed a significantly higher SDW at 8 WAS compared with IT97K‐499–35. In four of the seven good responders, the SDWs at 8 WAS were significantly higher and grain yield tended to be higher with ≥57 mg P kg−1 compared with zero application. Under field conditions, the micro‐dosing technic is recommended for applying RP to avoid loss and to enhance the availability of P for cowpea cultivation.
Effects of Manure History and Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate on Sugar Beet Production in the Northwest US
Authors: Tarkalson David D. , Bjorneberg David L. , Lentz Rick D. 
Published: July 2018

Core Ideas
Manure can have a lasting effect on soil fertility and crop production.
Sugar beet yields are increased on soils with a manure history.
Sugar beet quality can be decreased under heavy past manure applications.
Past manure applications effects on sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) production needs to be assessed in the areas where manure applications to crop land are common. A study was conducted in Kimberly, Idaho in 2014 and 2016 to assess the effects of manure application history and N rates on sugar beet production on a Portneuf silt loam (coarse‐silty mixed mesic Durixerollic Calciorthid) soil. From 2004 to 2009, manure was applied to plots every 2 years (M1, total application = 60 tons/acre), every year (M2 total application = 106 tons/acre), or no manure (F, commercial fertilizer only). In spring 2014, the manure main plots were split in half with half receiving a commercial fertilizer N rate treatment superimposed on the main plots in 2014 and the other half receiving the superimposed N rate treatments in 2016. In 2014 and 2016, the commercial fertilizer N rates were 0, 30, 56, 77, 100, 141, 180, and 202 lb/acre. The study design was a randomized block split‐plot with manure history as the main plot and N rate as the subplot. During both years of the study, N rate did not affect sugar beet yields, but M1 and M2 treatments had higher sugar beet root yields compared to the F treatment. Averaged across all N rates, root yields from both manured treatments were 12 and 36% greater than the F treatment in 2014 and 2016, respectively, although sugar yield was only significantly greater in 2016. Manure applications will impact sugar beet production for several years after manure applications have ceased.
Celebrating the 350th Anniversary of Phosphorus Discovery: A Conundrum of Deficiency and Excess
Authors: Sharpley Andrew , Jarvie Helen , Flaten Don , Kleinman Peter 
Published: July 2018

2019 will be the 350th anniversary of the discovery of phosphorus (P) by the alchemist Henning Brandt. This perspective traces the historical threads that P has weaved through the fabric of our society and identifies challenges to improve P stewardship in the future and for our future. A century after Brandt's discovery, P was identified in bone ash, which became the primary source of P until guano and ultimately rock P was mined to provide the various mineral formulations used today. Owing to limited supplies, a strategic shift in resource management ethics—from exploiting to conserving P resources—is needed. In agriculture, remedial strategies should consider when conservation practices can transition from P sinks to sources; however, a broader, long‐term strategy for P stewardship is needed. This must include Reducing P loss in food and other wastes, Recovering P from waste streams, Reusing P generated beneficial by‐products, and Restructuring production systems. A key action to enact such changes will be collaboration across all sectors of society and the supply chain, from field to fork and beyond. As this will likely increase the cost of food, fiber, and feed production, it will require an innovative mix of public and private initiatives.Core Ideas
2019, 350 years since phosphorus discovery, is a good time to envision our next 350 years.
P weaves a complex web through the fabric of agricultural and societal management.
We face a conundrum of coincident consequences of P deficiencies and excesses.
Collaboration among the supply chain must engage in sustainable P stewardship.
P stewardship 4Rs must be broadened to Reduce, Recover, Reuse, and Restructure.
Measurements and Models to Identify Agroecosystem Practices That Enhance Soil Organic Carbon under Changing Climate
Authors: Gollany Hero T. , Venterea Rodney T. 
Published: July 2018

Adapting to the anticipated impacts of climate change is a pressing issue facing agriculture, as precipitation and temperature changes are expected to have major effects on agricultural production in many regions of the world. These changes will also affect soil organic matter decomposition and associated stocks of soil organic C (SOC), which have the potential to feed back to climate change and affect agroecosystem resiliency. This special section brings together multiple efforts to assess effects of climate change on SOC stocks around the globe in grassland, pasture, and crop agroecosystems under varying management practices. The overall goal of these efforts is to identify optimum practices to enhance SOC accumulation. In this article, we summarize the highlights of these papers and assess their broader implications for future research to enhance agroecosystem SOC accumulation and resiliency to climate change. Fourteen of the twenty contributions apply dynamic process‐based models to assess climate and/or long‐term management impacts on SOC stocks, and four papers use statistical SOC models across landscapes or regions. Also included are one meta‐analysis and one long‐term study. The models applied in this collection performed well when reliable input data were available, underlining the usefulness of modeling efforts to inform management decisions that enhance SOC stocks. Overall, the findings confirm that most agroecosystems have the potential to store SOC through improved management. However, this will be challenging, particularly for dryland agriculture, unless crop yield and crop biomass increase under projected climate change.Core Ideas
Maintaining crop yields and increasing cropping intensity will be required to sustain SOC.
Improving yields and reducing tillage is required to sustain SOC under dryland cropping.
CQESTR is an effective tool for simulating SOC dynamics to a depth of 1 m.
Grasslands are likely to sequester more SOC than annual cropping systems.
Rotational grazing increases SOC vs. continuous grazing in semihumid and humid climates.
Translocation of Carbon from Surface Organic Horizons to the Subsoil in Coarse‐Textured Spodosols: Implications for Deep Soil C Dynamics
Authors: Rothstein David E. , Toosi Ehsan R. , Schaetzl Randall J. , Grandy A. Stuart 
Published: July 2018

Core Ideas
O horizons account for the majority of DOM entering B horizons in these sandy soils.
There was less exchange with SOM in sugar maple stands compared to red pine stands.
Microbial processing of DOM inputs appears to be important in the formation of SOM.
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) translocated from O horizons has been viewed as the main source of subsoil carbon (C) in Spodosols. However, recent studies in other soil types have concluded that little O horizon DOM reaches the subsoil directly. We investigated whether C derived from O horizons contributes to deep‐soil C stores in six Spodosol profiles under coniferous (red pine) or deciduous (sugar maple) forests. We used spectroscopic, stable‐isotope and pyrolysis‐gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy analysis of DOM and solid phase soil samples to assess whether O horizon C was transported directly to deep soil horizons or had been exchanged with mineral soil organic matter (SOM) pools. All three approaches indicated that O horizons are the source of the majority of DOM entering B horizons, with little contribution from desorbed SOM. Despite a greater stock of O horizon C in red pine stands, there was no difference between forest types in the quantity of C delivered to B horizons (18 g C m–2 y–1). However, C derived from O horizons accounted for ∼95% of the C entering B horizons in sugar maple stands, but only ∼80% in red pine stands. Molecular analysis of DOM and SOM also showed a greater resemblance of B horizon SOM to DOM in sugar maple stands; however, it also clearly indicated the importance of microbial processing of input C in the formation of B horizon SOM. Our results demonstrate the strong connection between O horizons and deep soil C stocks in these sandy Spodosols and indicate that future changes in the quantity or quality of DOM entering the mineral soil have the potential to alter the delivery of surface C to depth.