bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Empathy for Animals: A Review of the Existing Literature
Authors: Young Ashley , Khalil Kathayoon A. , Wharton Jim 
Published: April 2018

AbstractEmpathy is often studied as it relates to humans. However, there is a increasing interest in its relationship, development and impact with non‐human animals. This interest is often driven by a curiosity in empathy's role as an internal motivator for pro‐environmental behavior change. As with many internal affective responses, the link is not always directly clear but growing evidence suggests that empathy towards others can influence the likelihood of pro‐environmental behaviors as they relate to individual animals and potentially their larger communities or species. A hot zone for empathy development; zoos, aquariums, museums, sanctuaries, shelters, nature centers, and other informal environmental education organizations invested in animal conservation are challenged to understand, mitigate or capitalize on the empathy development already occurring in their institutions. These organizations provide opportunities for people to develop close relationships with individual animals, a critical step in the development of empathy. Their ability to facilitate hundreds of up‐close interactions between humans and animals daily establishes these organizations as important venues for the exploration of empathy towards animals and its potential impact on promoting pro‐environmental behavior. In this paper, we review some of the existing literature on empathy in relation to and with non‐human animals, offer a definition as it applies to all species, and discuss key components of empathy development including barriers and promoters.
Histopathological patterns in dermatitis artefacta
Authors: Tittelbach Jörg , Peckruhn Melanie , Elsner Peter 
Published: April 2018

SummaryBackgroundDermatitis artefacta is a relevant and frequently unrecognized clinical condition associated with self‐harming behavior, in which unconscious manipulation causes skin lesions. While atypical lesions and an unusual disease course may give rise to clinical suspicion of a self‐induced disorder, questioning and examining these patients usually fails to confirm or clarify this suspicion. In this setting, the dermatopathologist may be faced with the question whether there are any histological signs corroborating the diagnosis of dermatitis artefacta.MethodsWe conducted a Pubmed search (without time frame) using the terms “dermatitis artefacta“, “factitious/factitial dermatitis“, “artefactual skin“ in combination with “histology“ or “pathology“. Given the low number of hits, we extended the search by adding terms related to certain types of injuries (for example, “burn“ or “cold“) in order to identify specific patterns.ResultsIn general, there are only few studies investigating the histological features of factitious skin disorders. Another problem arises from the fact that, even if clinical and histological findings are suggestive of dermatitis artefacta, subsequent confirmation of the exact mechanism of injury is frequently not possible, thus leaving room for speculation. This complicates defining specific histological patterns based on the various types of injuries. Overall, the results of the present study suggest that a factitious disorder should be considered if histological findings include blistering with a mild inflammatory infiltrate, rupture of collagen fibers, multinucleated keratinocytes, or elongated and vertically aligned keratinocytic nuclei.
Should We Formulate an Incentivized Model Facilitating Kidney Donation from Living Donors? A Focus on Turkey's Current System
Authors: Avci Ercan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractKidney transplantation is a lifesaving medical treatment. However, very high demand for kidneys with low kidney donation causes a black market that exploits patients’ desperation and donors’ vulnerability. The current kidney donation programs fail to produce promising results to avoid illegal and unethical kidney trafficking and commercialism. Even though the primary goal of kidney donation is to increase the number of deceased organ donations, in some countries, like Turkey, due to religious or cultural concerns, it is impossible to supply adequate deceased kidney donations. In this view, the aim of this paper is to examine kidney trafficking in the scope of Turkey's current organ donation system and propose a new model, named the Incentivized Kidney Donation Model (IKDM), to increase kidney donation from living donors. The model encompasses the following benefits offered to kidney donors; lifetime health insurance, exemptions from copayments/contribution shares, priority when receiving an organ, priority when finding a job, income tax exemptions for salaried employees, and free or discounted public utilities. This normative model has the potential to promote donors’ altruistic acts as well as the solidarity and loyalty among members of a society without violating ethical values and internationally accepted principles.
Fauna as passengers and drivers in vegetation restoration: A synthesis of processes and evidence
Authors: Catterall Carla P. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryEfforts to restore terrestrial woody ecosystems to former agricultural land are typically based on plant‐focused actions, often neglecting fauna. However, the processes that maintain or restore the health and integrity of these ecosystems involve many animal–plant interactions. Here, I synthesise information about these relationships and the implications for revegetation practice. Fauna have often been viewed as passengers, responding passively to plant‐focused revegetation. This view involves two surrogacy assumptions: first, that vegetation attributes can indicate habitat sufficiency for fauna; second, that animals will be capable of dispersing to the restored habitat and of establishing populations there. Habitat sufficiency depends on how resources such as food and nest sites can be indicated by vegetation attributes and how they interact with an animal's species‐specific requirements. Dispersal and establishment depend on proximity to source populations in habitat elsewhere, the type of intervening habitat and the intrinsic mobility of different species. Evidence about the effects of age, revegetation type and spatial context in relation to animal communities indicates that it can often be invalid to assume vegetation surrogacy. Fauna can also drive the developmental trajectories of floristic diversity and composition during revegetation, because animal–plant interactions frequently mediate life‐history transitions that determine seedling recruitment. Frugivore‐mediated seed dispersal is the best studied, but animals also directly influence early‐stage tree recruitment, especially through their roles in seed predation, seedling herbivory and indirectly through top‐down cascades that include large carnivores. These processes have been insufficiently recognised or studied, although some recent work highlights their significance. Intervening to alter abundances of functionally important animals could be useful in accelerating the redevelopment of woody vegetation. Further research is needed to clarify animals’ roles as both passengers and drivers during revegetation, especially manipulative experiments and innovative restoration trials, in which animals and plants are considered together from the outset.
The complex allosteric and redox regulation of the fumarate hydratase and malate dehydratase reactions of Arabidopsis thaliana Fumarase 1 and 2 gives clues for understanding the massive accumulation of fumarate
Authors: Zubimendi Juan P. , Martinatto Andrea , Valacco Maria P. , Moreno Silvia , Andreo Carlos S. , Drincovich María F. , Tronconi Marcos A. 
Published: April 2018

Arabidopsis thaliana possesses two fumarase genes (FUM), AtFUM1 (At2g47510) encoding for the mitochondrial Krebs cycle‐associated enzyme and AtFUM2 (At5g50950) for the cytosolic isoform required for fumarate massive accumulation. Here, the comprehensive biochemical studies of AtFUM1 and AtFUM2 shows that they are active enzymes with similar kinetic parameters but differential regulation. For both enzymes, fumarate hydratase (FH) activity is favored over the malate dehydratase (MD) activity; however, MD is the most regulated activity with several allosteric activators. Oxalacetate, glutamine, and/or asparagine are modulators causing the MD reaction to become preferred over the FH reaction. Activity profiles as a function of pH suggest a suboptimal FUM activity in Arabidopsis cells; moreover, the direction of the FUM reaction is sensitive to pH changes. Under mild oxidation conditions, AtFUMs form high mass molecular aggregates, which present both FUM activities decreased to a different extent. The biochemical properties of oxidized AtFUMs (oxAtFUMs) were completely reversed by NADPH‐supplied Arabidopsis leaf extracts, suggesting that the AtFUMs redox regulation can be accomplished in vivo. Mass spectrometry analyses indicate the presence of an active site‐associated intermolecular disulfide bridge in oxAtFUMs. Finally, a phylogenetic approach points out that other plant species may also possess cytosolic FUM2 enzymes mainly encoded by paralogous genes, indicating that the evolutionary history of this trait has been drawn through a process of parallel evolution. Overall, according to our results, a multilevel regulatory pattern of FUM activities emerges, supporting the role of this enzyme as a carbon flow monitoring point through the organic acid metabolism in plants.
Spring photosynthetic onset and net CO2 uptake in Alaska triggered by landscape thawing
Authors: Parazoo Nicholas C. , Arneth Almut , Pugh Thomas A. M. , Smith Ben , Steiner Nicholas , Luus Kristina , Commane Roisin , Benmergui Josh , Stofferahn Eric , Liu Junjie , Rödenbeck Christian , Kawa Randy , Euskirchen Eugenie , Zona Donatella , Arndt Kyle , Oechel Walt , Miller Charles 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe springtime transition to regional‐scale onset of photosynthesis and net ecosystem carbon uptake in boreal and tundra ecosystems are linked to the soil freeze–thaw state. We present evidence from diagnostic and inversion models constrained by satellite fluorescence and airborne CO2 from 2012 to 2014 indicating the timing and magnitude of spring carbon uptake in Alaska correlates with landscape thaw and ecoregion. Landscape thaw in boreal forests typically occurs in late April (DOY 111 ± 7) with a 29 ± 6 day lag until photosynthetic onset. North Slope tundra thaws 3 weeks later (DOY 133 ± 5) but experiences only a 20 ± 5 day lag until photosynthetic onset. These time lag differences reflect efficient cold season adaptation in tundra shrub and the longer dehardening period for boreal evergreens. Despite the short transition from thaw to photosynthetic onset in tundra, synchrony of tundra respiration with snow melt and landscape thaw delays the transition from net carbon loss (at photosynthetic onset) to net uptake by 13 ± 7 days, thus reducing the tundra net carbon uptake period. Two global CO2 inversions using a CASA‐GFED model prior estimate earlier northern high latitude net carbon uptake compared to our regional inversion, which we attribute to (i) early photosynthetic‐onset model prior bias, (ii) inverse method (scaling factor + optimization window), and (iii) sparsity of available Alaskan CO2 observations. Another global inversion with zero prior estimates the same timing for net carbon uptake as the regional model but smaller seasonal amplitude. The analysis of Alaskan eddy covariance observations confirms regional scale findings for tundra, but indicates that photosynthesis and net carbon uptake occur up to 1 month earlier in evergreens than captured by models or CO2 inversions, with better correlation to above‐freezing air temperature than date of primary thaw. Further collection and analysis of boreal evergreen species over multiple years and at additional subarctic flux towers are critically needed.
Genotype identity has a more important influence than genotype diversity on shoot biomass productivity in willow short‐rotation coppices
Authors: Hoeber Stefanie , Arranz Clara , Nordh Nils‐Erik , Baum Christel , Low Matthew , Nock Charles , Scherer‐Lorenzen Michael , Weih Martin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWillow (Salixspp.) short‐rotation coppice is commercially grown to produce lignocellulosic biomass to meet renewable bioenergy demands. Most commercial willow coppices are grown in stands of a single genotype, but biomass productivity may be greater in mixed communities, and the productivity in mixed communities may depend on the specific genotypes involved. We assessed the biomass production of four differentSalixgenotypes (“Björn,” “Jorr,” “Loden,” “Tora”) grown without additional nutrient fertilization during one cutting cycle at three locations in Europe (Uppsala in Sweden, Rostock and Freiburg in Germany) in plots of pure and mixed communities. We evaluated (i) the effect of genotype diversity on shoot biomass productivity, including the evidence for complementarity and selection effects; (ii) the influence of individual genotypes on mixed community productivity; and (iii) the productivity of individual genotypes in response to pure vs. mixed culture. Mean shoot biomass production after the first cutting cycle decreased in the order Rostock (8.7 Mg ha−1) > Freiburg (6.9 Mg ha−1) > Uppsala (5.7 Mg ha−1), with values similar to those for other nonfertilized willow stands after the first growth cycle. Consistently across all three locations, increasing genotype diversity did not significantly affect shoot biomass production. Using Bayesian statistics, the addition of the genotypes “Jorr” and “Loden” was predicted to enhance shoot biomass production, while “Tora” and “Björn” are more likely to reduce shoot biomass production in mixed communities. In addition, we found evidence for a negative selection effect due to the genotype “Tora” performing better in mixed than in pure communities in two of the sites (Freiburg, Uppsala). In conclusion, our results imply that increasing genetic richness has no negative effect on productivity and that there is a potential to design site‐specific genotype mixtures of short‐rotation coppice promoting both high genetic diversity and high biomass production.
Fifth Åland Island conference on von Willebrand disease
Authors: Berntorp E. , Ågren A. , Aledort L. , Blombäck M. , Cnossen M. H. , Croteau S. E. , von Depka M. , Federici A. B. , Goodeve A. , Goudemand J. , Mannucci P. M. , Mourik M. , Önundarson P. T. , Rodeghiero F. , Szántó T. , Windyga J. 
Published: April 2018

The fifth Åland Island meeting on von Willebrand disease (VWD) was held on the Åland Islands, Finland, from 22 to 24 September 2016—90 years after the first case of VWD was diagnosed in a patient from the Åland Islands in 1926. This meeting brought together experts in the field of VWD to share knowledge and expertise on current trends and challenges in VWD. Topics included the storage and release of von Willebrand factor (VWF), epidemiology and diagnostics in VWD, treatment of VWD, angiogenesis and VWF inhibitors.
GALT carcinoma: three case reports with glycoprotein 2 immunohistochemistry and electron microscopic observations
Authors: Hayashi Hiroko , Ohtani Masashi , Sada Yuki , Iwasaki Keisuke , Shimokawa Isao 
Published: April 2018

AimsGut‐associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) carcinoma is a rare colorectal tumour that arises in the epithelium covering GALT. GALT carcinoma is a differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma with dense lymphoid tissue with a characteristically well‐demarcated margin. To date, 26 cases of GALT carcinoma, including the three cases discussed here, have been reported. Most (24 of 26) were discovered at early stages and none of the cases have documented any metastases. This suggests that GALT carcinoma may have a favourable prognosis. It is hypothesised that GALT carcinoma originates from M cells in specialised epithelia covering GALT. However, this hypothesis has yet to be confirmed.Methods and resultsIn this study, we examined three cases of GALT carcinoma by immunohistochemistry detection of glycoprotein 2, a specific marker for M cells, and electron microscopy. Our findings showed that the tumour cells of GALT carcinoma in all three cases were negative for M cells. We thus concluded that GALT carcinoma may be a tubular adenocarcinoma arising by chance in the GALT. This unique carcinoma is a diferentiated adenocarcinoma that grows slowly with the development of GALT.ConclusionsWe propose that GALT carcinoma should be classified separately because of its histological setting and good prognosis.
Options for the biological and physical control of Vespa velutina nigrithorax (Hym.: Vespidae) in Europe: A review
Authors: Turchi L. , Derijard B. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRecently, the environmental economist J.M. Salles (Salles, ) declared that “the Asian hornet was likely to be the most threatening invader insect in France.” Thirteen years after the accidental introduction in France, the Asian hornet (Vespa velutina nigrithorax) has invaded most west European countries. Little has been done to date to limit its progression and its economic, ecological and social impact. Although it is illusory to try to eradicate this species, it is known that a targeted control would limit its threatening trend. Current V. velutina control in France is mainly based on (i) high scale volunteer trapping by citizens and (ii) volunteer spotting of the nest. Evaluation of trapping strategies developed so far to control V. velutina expansion has highlighted their failure and has demonstrated the need to optimize nest detection techniques and to investigate on new control strategies. This review describes most of the means aimed to control predation and expansion of V. velutina, whether they have been scientifically assessed or only tested on field with decent success. Published prospective control methods and biological control techniques are also presented.
Concept Analysis and the Advance of Nursing Knowledge: State of the Science
Authors: Rodgers Beth L. , Jacelon Cynthia S. , Knafl Kathleen A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPurposeDespite an overwhelming increase in the number of concept analyses published since the early 1970s, there are significant limitations to the impact of this work in promoting progress in nursing science.DesignWe conducted an extensive review of concept analyses published between 1972 and 2017 to identify patterns in analysis and followed this with exploration of an exemplar related to the concept of normalization to demonstrate the capabilities of analysis for promoting concept development and progress.MethodsScoping review of peer‐reviewed literature published in the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) in which the terms “concept analysis,” “concept clarification,” and “concept derivation” appeared in any part of the reference. The original search returned 3,489 articles. This initial pool was refined to a final sample of 958 articles published in 223 journals and addressing 604 concepts. A review of citations of the original analysis of the concept of normalization resulted in 75 articles selected for closer examination of the process of concept development.FindingsReview showed a clear pattern of repetition of analysis of the same concept, growth in number of published analyses, preponderance of first authors with master's degrees, and 43 distinct descriptions of methods. Review of the 75 citations to the normalization analysis identified multiple ways concept analysis can inform subsequent research and theory development.ConclusionsConceptual work needs to move beyond the level of “concept analysis” involving clear linkage to the resolution of problems in the discipline. Conceptual work is an important component of progress in the knowledge base of a discipline, and more effective use of concept development activities are needed to maximize the potential of this important work. It is important to the discipline that we facilitate progress in nursing science on a theoretical and conceptual level as a part of cohesive and systematic development of the discipline.Clinical RelevanceThe absence of effective concepts impedes the ability to recognize, discuss, define, and conduct studies important to clinical practice and research. This article reflects the pressing need as well as the potential for concept analysis work to be approached in a way that promotes nursing science and enables conceptually sound research to improve clinical care.
The Variables Associated With Health Promotion Behaviors Among Urban Black Women
Authors: Hepburn Millie 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPurposeTo improve understanding of variables impacting health promotion behaviors among urban Black women.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was used. Urban Black women (N= 132) between the ages of 30 to 64 years participated.SettingThe study was conducted in a U.S. metropolitan region in 2015.MeasuresHealth literacy (Newest Vital Sign [NVS]), self‐efficacy (New General Self‐Efficacy Scale [NGSE]), and readiness for change (Health Risk Instrument [HRI]) were correlated with health promotion behaviors (Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile II [HPLPII]).AnalysisUnivariate statistics addressed demographic characteristics; bivariate/simultaneous linear regression determined the relationships between the NVS, NGSE, and HRI to health promotion behaviors (HPLPII).ResultsDemographics: 72.6% completed high school and 25% completed college, and the mean body mass index (BMI) was >32. Positive correlations existed between each variable to health promotion behaviors: NVS (r= .244,p< .002), NGSE (r= .312,p< .001), HRI (r= .440,p< .001), and accounted for 29.8% of variances in health promotion behaviors. Education and health literacy were also correlated (rs= .414,p= .001).ConclusionsAlthough health literacy, self‐efficacy, and readiness for change are associated with health promotion behaviors, readiness for change was the most highly correlated.Clinical RelevanceThe development and incorporation of interventions to promote health promotion behaviors should include readiness for change, health literacy, BMI, and education, especially among urban Black women in order to reduce critical health disparities. Community‐based and culturally relevant strategies in promoting health that are integrated into existing lifestyles and designed to impact readiness for change will have the greatest impact on reducing health disparities both in the United States and in countries experiencing rapid urbanization. For example, healthy eating behaviors or increased physical activity may be best adopted when integrated into existing community‐based spiritual or cultural events via trusted community leaders. Replication of this study in other populations of Black women will improve the generalizability of this study, both in the United States and globally. However, the addition of other demographic variables, such as a history of chronic conditions, military service, domestic or other violence, spirituality, and the availability of community resources, would strengthen the results in future studies.