bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A partir du chômage, quels itinéraires, pour quels chômeurs ?
Authors: Huyghues-Despointes Hervé 
Published: April 2018

A partir d'observations répétées pendant vingt-deux mois sur un échantillon de chômeurs inscrits à l'ANPE en début d'enquête, l'auteur tente une classification des trajectoires entre les différentes positions sur le marché du travail : emploi stable, emploi temporaire, chômage indemnisé, chômage non indemnisé et inactivité. Ces catégories de parcours sont analysées pour les hommes et pour les femmes séparément. Si quelques caractéristiques sociodémographiques des individus, qui suivent telle ou telle trajectoire, sont nettement affirmées {niveau de diplôme, situation familiale...), elles ne suffisent pas à expliquer les parcours différents.
La rigidification des positions après la première année de chômage est un des résultats de cette étude.
La recherche d'emploi : stratégies, qualification scolaire ou professionnelle et «qualification sociale»
Authors: Benoit-Guilbot Odile 
Published: April 2018

Comment faire pour sortir du chômage et trouver un emploi ? L'auteur, à partir d'une enquête par entretiens auprès d'un petit échantillon de chômeurs, analyse et classe les stratégies de recherche d'emploi. Celles-ci ont un lien évident avec la reprise d'un emploi, sa qualité et la durée d'attente au chômage observées trois ans plus tard.
La mise en œuvre de l'une ou l'autre de ces stratégies, apparemment, ne dépend que faiblement de la qualification professionnelle ou du niveau de formation.
La grande différence entre des stratégies autonomes et/ou mobilisées et les autres, tient, semble-t-il, à une différence dans les caractéristiques qui fondent, en partie au moins, la «qualification sociale » tant recherchée par les employeurs.
Carrière familiale et professionnelle : vers une modélisation de l'employabilité des mères de famille
Authors: Chastand Antoine , Grignon Michel 
Published: April 2018

Les décisions des mères de famille quant à leur carrière professionnelle et leur procréation ont été abordées de deux points de vue opposés : celui de la micro-économie qui décrit, hic et nunc, les comportements des femmes en termes d'arbitrage et de satisfaction ; l'autre est fondé sur l'héritage socio-économique de longue date.
Après un recensement rapide de la littérature existante sur chacun des points de vue, les auteurs explorent les possibilités d'une voie moyenne : «les stratégies conditionnées » et «la structure domestique ». Ils en cherchent la légitimité dans l'analyse de données longitudinales qui montrent et explicitent des successions temporelles ou causales d'événements comme les naissances, l'emploi, le chômage ou l'inactivité.
Formes nationales de vie en société et chômage des années quatre-vingt
Authors: Iribarne Philippe d' 
Published: April 2018

L'auteur prend acte de certaines «bizarreries » non expliquées de la macroéconomie : dans certains pays, un taux élevé de chômage se maintient malgré une haute conjoncture économique et des caractéristiques proches de l'état de plein-emploi.
Dans le cadre d'une approche comparative internationale, il montre que sur le marché du travail, d'autres considérations que la logique de la concurrence entrent en jeu, et notamment la logique du statut ou la nécessité, dans certaines sociétés comme la France, de «ne pas déchoir ». Cette logique du statut impose de n'accepter que des postes et des salaires «légitimes », bien supérieurs pour certains à ceux auxquels aboutirait la logique de la concurrence, et conduit ainsi à un taux élevé de chômage.
Avec ce schéma, l'auteur analyse les évolutions contrastées du chômage dans divers pays, et insiste plus particulièrement sur le cas français.
Formation et différenciation du marché des travailleurs étrangers au Japon
Authors: Ishikawa Akihiro 
Published: April 2018

The rapid development of the labour market for immigrant workers even though it still officially represents only 1 % of the economically active population, constitutes an important socio — phenomenon for a country that remains committed to the principle of ethnic homogeneity.
Rather than reporting on a possible increase in racism phenomenon (which already exists in the case of the Burakumin and Koreans), the author seeks to analyse the stratification of that new labour market on the basis of which he establishes a typology of the Asian countries for which Japan seems, in terms of employment opportunities, like a promised land. Is this the price to be paid for the internationalisation now much touted in Japan ? The government has hitherto sought to exert strict control over what certainly seems to it to be a threat to the uniqueness of a society that, historically and geographically, has been protected.
Eléments pour un modèle sociologique de la compétence d'expert
Authors: Merchiers Jacques , Pharo Patrick 
Published: April 2018

Jacques Merchiers and Patrick Pharo
Toward a Sociological Model of Qualifications as an Expert
What is a job qualification ? Thanks to the cognitive sciences, sociology has taken a new look at this old question, which the authors answer in three steps. First, the main methods of formalizing qualifications in expert systems are described. Second, two alternative (holistic and interpretive) theories to this model are mentioned. Third, the premises are laid down for a sociological model based on recognizing the cognitive and also normative nature of qualifications.
Développement technologique et protectionnisme au Brésil
Authors: Drouvot Hubert 
Published: April 2018

Hubert Drouvost
Technological development and protectionism in Brazil
How has the Brazilian administration implemented protectionism against industrial imports, especially computerware ? Owing to its interventionist options, the Brazilian state has created the technical potential for development in several fields. But protectionism has its limits : the country's industry is handicapped in international competition. This leads us to reconsider how Brazil's economy fits into the international marketplace.
Joint-ventures et modernisation de l'industrie électronique en Chine
Authors: Huchet Jean-François , Zhaoxi Li 
Published: April 2018

Jean-François Huchet and Li Zhaoxi
Joint ventures and modernization of the electronics industry in China
Chinese mixed corporations are described within the economic environment wherein they were created. The advantages of joint ventures are compared with those of transferring licences, as used to be done. Two strategies can be distinguished depending on the type of operation being set up : on the one hand, big Western operations that serve as a showcase for the open-door policy and, on the other, operations financed with Asian capital from Hong Kong, Taiwan or Chinese living abroad. In the many mixed corporations of Asian origins, there are much fewer transfers of modern techniques and know-how ; and the contribution to industrial development is limited.
Assistance technique et conception de grands équipements : les discussions préalables à l'appel d'offre d'un métro chinois
Authors: Ruffier Jean , Hu Wei 
Published: April 2018

Jean Ruffier and Wei Hu
Preliminary talks in view of a Chinese subway
This study of the preliminary phases of planning a subway in Canton describes how this project was drawn up and what it represents for concerned parties. Technical cooperation between seller and user involves the engineering company and decision-makers in both the city and national governments. The meaning of what is to be built comes out of overlapping interests, objectives and roles. The long discussions about the subway and the layout of its lines are analyzed so as to see how a compromise emerged. Light is thus shed on difficulties in relations between the various parties.
Un transfert de technologie dans les télécommunications en Chine
Authors: Gipouloux François 
Published: April 2018

François Gipouloux
A transfer of telecommunications technology to China
The transfer of electronic commutator technology to China is placed in the framework of national and regional development policies. This sector has been assigned priority because of the telephone system's underdevelopment. Actors' strategies are analyzed ; and attention is directed at the drawbacks to cooperation (bureaucracy, poor personnel assignments, interministerial conflicts, and Chinese firms' lack of autonomy). Success is assessed in terms of the adoption of new techniques, gains in productivity and the capacity for product development.
La modernisation négociée dans la presse parisienne
Authors: Nikolopoulou Hélène 
Published: April 2018

Partant de l'observation de l'évolution du travail dans la presse parisienne et de l'analyse des accords négociés sur les formes d' utilisation de la main-d'œuvre, l'auteur s'interroge sur la nature des nouveaux rapports salariaux établis par ces compromis contractuels.
Que deviennent le marché du travail et le syndicalisme de métier avec la modernisation de la presse ? Le nouveau compromis contractuel accepte, avec l'informatisation de la production, un outil plus performant et plus rentable, tout en assurant l'essentiel des garanties du statut des ouvriers du Livre et en obtenant un ensemble de mesures sociales qui compensent les suppressions d'emplois. L'analyse menée s'appuie largement sur la théorie de la régulation.
Politiques de vieillesse et rationalisation dans l'entreprise : la gestion des vieux travailleurs en France au début du siècle
Authors: Dumons Bruno , Pollet Gilles 
Published: April 2018

Bruno Dumons and Gilles Pollet
Old-Age Policies and Rationalization in Firms : Managing Aging Workers in France in the Early 20th Century
The monarchy created the first retirement funds in France. In the 19th and 20th centuries, many companies, especially in big industry, set up their own funds with moral and pedagogical aims. Much later, company funds were assigned the objective of helping firms improve productivity. Unlike in the United States, these funds seem to have developed in France, until the 1930s, independently of the rationalization of production under Taylorism.
Pour une approche sociologique des journalistes de télévision
Authors: Rieffel Rémy 
Published: April 2018

Rémy Rieffel
For a Sociological Approach to TV Newspeople
The already considerable influence of TV journalists on public issues is growing. Although several studies have been devoted to this topic in the United States, it has not been much investigated in France. An inventory is drawn up of what has been established about it and of what, still missing in our knowledge, needs to be investigated. The statistical profile of newspeople, the values they bear and the organization of both this profession and the press are examined as well as the impact on democratic debate. A call is made for research on : current practices ; the methods of selecting and diffusing information in news staffs ; and the strategies that persons who have information adopt toward journalists.
Appareil gestionnaire et travail ou de la lacune comme opportunité
Authors: Moisdon Jean-Claude 
Published: April 2018

Jean-Claude Moisdon
The Managerial Machine and Work : Short-Comings as Opportunities
Researchers in management have gradually given up the idea that a model based on planning, measurement, and predictability can be defined for predetermining and piloting all acts of production. An ever improved modelization cannot make up for the short-comings left by the managerial machine. On the contrary, there must be taken to be opportunities for engendering new actors capable of playing the role of an interface and looking for compromises, thanks to arrangements that authorize bringing rules of behavior under scrutiny and eventually modifying them.
L'immigration en France dans les années quatre-vingt-dix : nouvelle donne pour l'emploi et nouveaux enjeux de société
Authors: Marie C. V. 
Published: April 2018

L'article présente un bilan de l'emploi des étrangers dans les années récentes. La crise économique entraîne une forte diminution de l'emploi salarié et son transfert de l'industrie vers le tertiaire.
En seconde partie, l'auteur évoque la place contestée des immigrés dans la Cité liée au passage d'une immigration de travail à une immigration de peuplement. Je propose d'y réfléchir à partir des difficiles problèmes du contrôle des entrées et de l'intégration ; enfin est abordé le contrôle des flux migratoires, où les instances locales et internationales ont tendance à relayer le rôle de l'État.
La gestion des compétences : les savoirs dévalués, le pouvoir occulté
Authors: Dugué Élisabeth 
Published: April 2018

Elisabeth Dugué
Managing Competence : Devalued Know-How and Hidden Power.
This critical study of the consequences of firms' widely using the notions of «competence» and, correlatively, of responsibility, recognition of know-how, individualization, transferability and flexibility shows that the appeal to competence favors cross-cutting functions over occupations, occupational know-how and job contents. It casts doubt on the model of job qualifications that studies have long taken to be a litmus test for social relations. Using this notion actually reinforces domination. Supposedly imposed to help firms adjust more rapidly, the rationale underlying competence tends to destroy existing sociability between wage-earners while, at the same time, evoking the illusion of a consensus between differentiated, competing individuals.
Conflits d'intérêts dans les cabinets américains d'avocats d'affaires : concurrence et auto-régulation
Authors: Lazega Emmanuel 
Published: April 2018

Emmanuel Lazega
Conflicts of Interest in American Business Law Firms : An Organizational Approach.
A study of a major East Coast business law firm with offices in several cities in the United States provides a look at how the legal profession regulates itself. By using different methods (statistical measures, prominence scores, informal surveys of control systems) to examine separately the procedures (control routines, Chinese wall, self-disqualification) for settling conflicts of interest, several limits are brought to light. Thought is given to ways of regulating markets through instituted regulators and through actors themselves.
Formes particulières d'emploi et gestion d'une main-d'œuvre féminine peu qualifiée : le cas des caissières d'un hypermarché
Authors: Bouffartigue Paul , Pendaries Jean-René 
Published: April 2018

Paul Bouffartigue and Jean-René Pendariès
Special Forms of Employment and the Management of Semiskilled Women Workers.
The analysis of how women cashiers are managed in a superstore sheds new light on this particular form of employment. The «cash register area» is not merely a «peripheral» segment in the distribution process. On the contrary, in an employment system based on personnel rotation, the employer is forced to set up an «internal market» to stabilize employees and normalize working conditions. Special attention is paid to the procedures, transactions and compromises whereby such an internal secondary segment can be created in employment.
La connaissance distribuée dans le diagnostic médical
Authors: Cicourel Aaron V. 
Published: April 2018

Le diagnostic médical , généralement considéré comme une tâche conceptuelle élaborée, apparaît également comme le produit d'une activité sociale complexe. Cette complexité sociale se manifeste dans la variation qui affecte les statuts du personnel soignant mais également dans les aptitudes cognitives attribuées. Or la crédibilité de l'information clinique est directement affectée par le statut ou les attributions de compétences prêtées au patient et aux divers membres du personnel soignant.
L'auteur propose une analyse socio-cognitive des interactions sociales dans un hôpital qui prend en compte l'aspect distribué de la connaissance. Il souligne que les systèmes experts d'aide au diagnostic devraient intégrer les composants sociaux de la transmission et de l'évaluation des informations cliniques.
La guerre, la colonie, la ville et les sciences sociales
Authors: Marié Michel 
Published: April 2018

Michel Marié
War, Colonies, Cities and the Social Sciences
The history of urban research in the social sciences cannot be reduced to the opposition between technocratic thought from the 1960s and «radical» sociology. Two «side-approaches» to this research are proposed. First of all, during the colonial period, methods of town-planning were worked out, political thought was developed about urban life, and relations between managers and researchers were established. Secondly, through the X-Crise movement, social Catholicism and the Resistance, a doctrine of government interventionism emerged. This examination of the vision of top civil servants shows the importance of research and consultancy as of the 1950s.
Demande en ressources humaines et institutions de formation dans quelques régions européennes
Authors: Regini Marino 
Published: April 2018

Marino Regini
The demand for human resources and training institutions in a few European regions
Discussions about new, post-Fordist, production models assume that companies think it is important for personnel to be highly qualified. Interviews with heads of firms and of vocational schools indicate that recruiting ever more highly qualified wage-earners is not the only possibility. The choice about the levels of training (or education) and of job qualifications quite clearly has to do with firms' market strategies. The availability of human resources trained by national or regional institutions is taken into account when drawing up market strategies. The latter are, in fact, diversified. There is not a single model of job-training that should be imitated.
Organisation et indications de gestion : dépassement ou crise du modèle classique d'organisation. Le cas de la productique
Authors: Bachet Daniel 
Published: April 2018

Daniel Bachet
Organization and Indicators of Management
The impact has been assessed of the new technology that a dozen firms have been using to manage the complexity resulting from the requirements of flexibility and adaptation. This assessment shows that, although new professional qualities have emerged, the classical organization has not been deeply affected. An in-depth change cannot occur as long as programs focus on internal mechanisms and do not raise questions of a more political sort about the wage-earning relationship.
Dynamisme privé et désordre public : note sur le paradoxe du développement italien
Authors: Trigilia Carlo 
Published: April 2018

Carlo Trigilia and Walter Santagata
The Italian paradox of «creative disorder»
In many ways, Italy amazes observers as much as it worries and fascinates its neighbors. In a single country, an industrialized North lives with a South that seemingly belongs to another world ; and dynamic firms coexist with the impossibility of reforming public institutions. This paradoxical situation is hard to interpret. It has forced Italian research to explore approaches inspired by the discipline of political economy. An especially fertile current of thought has thus taken shape.
Sociologie du travail reviews Carlo Trigilia' s Private dynamism and public disorder : A note on the paradox of Italian development and Walter Santagata' s The separation between politics and the economy : The end of an Italian anomaly.
Le «souci de soi» ou les «tâtonnements» : ethnographie de l'empirie dans deux disciplines scientifiques
Authors: Knorr-Cetina Karin 
Published: April 2018

Karin Knorr-Cetina
The care of the self and blind variation : an ethnography of the empirical in two sciences
This paper is about how sciences relate to the phenomenal world. It focusses on the construction of the empirical machineries involved in the creation of knowledge. The author adopts an ethnographic perspective and contrasts two approachs : high energy physics and molecular biology. In the first one the work of dealing with the referent is left to an interposed machine. Particle physics operates in a world separated from the environment, reflexivity is turned into a principle of knowledge. In molecular biology, on the other hand, the epistemic culture is oriented toward positive knowledge built from the manipulation of objets in an analogous regime that continuously turns away from sign processes.
Technique, outil, invention : les transformations d'une biotechnologie
Authors: Cambrosio Alberto , Keating Peter 
Published: April 2018

Alberto Cambrosio and Peter Keating
Techniques, implements, inventions : changes in a biotechnology
How does a common action arise between researchers, industrialists and legal experts when patents are filed ? This question is investigated by looking at the controversies that have arisen around hybridoma technology in bioindustry. Five issues are studied : the definition of a basic technique, the notion of identical antibodies, the meaning of an obvious application, the persons recognized as experts, and the determination of what is to be set down to natural properties or to human interventions. The work that changes hybridoma into an "invention" results from a construction that brings together science and law.
Dynamique des relations industrielles dans les laboratoires d'un grand organisme public de recherche : coordination, apprentissage, réputation et confiance
Authors: Estades Jacqueline , Joly Pierre-Benoît , Mangematin Vincent 
Published: April 2018

Jacqueline Estades, Pierre-Benoît Joly and Vincent Mangematin
The dynamics of industrial relations in a major public research institute 's laboratories :
Coordination, learning, reputation and confidence
Assuming that cooperation between public and private research laboratories is a full-fledged scientific activity, it is then important to analyze the relations between scientists in these different organizations. The diversified «relational logics» (of proximity, of the club and of the marketplace) can account for the types of contracts and forms of coordination and learning that underlie and structure each case of cooperation.
Le travail du chirurgien : les opérations à cœur ouvert
Authors: Peneff Jean 
Published: April 2018

The surgeon 's work : Open heart surgery
This contribution to labor sociology and the sociology of the professions results from the direct observation of open heart operations. This description of surgery makes it possible to compare the surgeon's work with other jobs where «manual work» predominates. Working conditions are examined with respect to postures, gestures, physical and nervous stress, manual dexterity and visual attentiveness. Beyond his job as a solist, the surgeon also conducts an orchestra : he coordinates small teams, which differ owing to their training, their place in the hospital and their hierarchy of know-how. He is responsible for harmoniously arranging the work of anaesthetists, nurses and blood specialists. He also assumes the duty of organizing services for the patient in the phases before and after the operation. He plays a key role in drawing up the list of patients to undergo operations and then selecting specific cases from this list. The available quantity of transplant tissues and organs and the cost of available operating rooms limit the number of operations. On the average, three thousand transplants a year are made in France. The hospital system prefers patients with stable means of livelihood, a family united around them, and steady incomes.