bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the incidence of acidosis in patients receiving metformin with and without risk factors for lactic acidosis
Authors: Trinkley Katy E. , Anderson Heather D. , Nair Kavita V. , Malone Daniel C. , Saseen Joseph J. 
Published: June 2018

Background: Despite strong recommendations to use metformin as first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes (T2DM), its use has been suboptimal, likely due to concerns of lactic acidosis. This study compared the association of acidosis in patients with T2DM prescribed metformin with those prescribed other antihyperglycemic medications or no medications. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of patients with newly diagnosed T2DM utilizing an administrative database, which includes medical and prescription claims. Eligible patients had a diagnosis of T2DM, had continuous health plan enrollment 3 months prior to study enrollment and during the study period, and were at least 18 years of age. Mutually exclusive exposure groups were metformin only, other antihyperglycemic medications, and no medication. Acidosis cases were stratified by exposure group and risk factors for lactic acidosis (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hepatic dysfunction, alcohol abuse, heart failure, renal insufficiency, age of 80 years or older, and a history of acidosis). Degree of renal insufficiency was not available. Associations between exposure and acidosis were estimated, and risk factors evaluated. Results: A total of 132,780 patients met inclusion criteria: 24,936 (20%) metformin only group, 15,059 (11%) other antihyperglycemic medication group, and 92,785 (70%) no medication group. Acidosis was observed in 1.45 per 10,000 patient months (0.78 metformin, 1.59 other antihyperglycemic medication, 1.51 no medication). The unadjusted relative risk of acidosis was 0.5 for patients prescribed metformin only compared with the other exposure groups (95% confidence interval = 0.2–1.2). There was no significant difference in risk of acidosis between exposure groups, irrespective of risk factors for lactic acidosis. Conclusions: Risk of acidosis was similar with metformin only compared with those prescribed other antihyperglycemic medications or no medication. These results support expanded use of metformin for T2DM. Additional studies are needed to understand the impact of risk factor severity on risk of lactic acidosis.
Srsf2

P95H
initiates myeloid bias and myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative syndrome from hemopoietic stem cells
Authors: Smeets Monique F. , Tan Shuh Ying , Xu Jane Jialu , Anande Govardhan , Unnikrishnan Ashwin , Chalk Alistair M. , Taylor Scott R. , Pimanda John E. , Wall Meaghan , Purton Louise E. , Walkley Carl R. 
Published: June 2018

Key Points
Srsf2 P95H/+ mutation within hemopoietic stem cells is required to initiate myeloid-biased hemopoiesis. Mutation of Srsf2 is sufficient to initiate the development of MDS/MPN in vivo in the setting of native hemopoiesis.
A potential therapeutic role for angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in human pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Hemnes Anna R. , Rathinasabapathy Anandharajan , Austin Eric A. , Brittain Evan L. , Carrier Erica J. , Chen Xinping , Fessel Joshua P. , Fike Candice D. , Fong Peter , Fortune Niki , Gerszten Robert E. , Johnson Jennifer A. , Kaplowitz Mark , Newman John H. , Piana Robert , Pugh Meredith E. , Rice Todd W. , Robbins Ivan M. , Wheeler Lisa , Yu Chang , Loyd James E. , West James 
Published: June 2018

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a deadly disease with no cure. Alternate conversion of angiotensin II (AngII) to angiotensin-(1–7) (Ang-(1–7)) by angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) resulting in Mas receptor (Mas1) activation improves rodent models of PAH. Effects of recombinant human (rh) ACE2 in human PAH are unknown. Our objective was to determine the effects of rhACE2 in PAH.We defined the molecular effects of Mas1 activation using porcine pulmonary arteries, measured AngII/Ang-(1–7) levels in human PAH and conducted a phase IIa, open-label pilot study of a single infusion of rhACE2 (GSK2586881, 0.2 or 0.4 mg·kg−1intravenously).Superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and inflammatory gene expression were identified as markers of Mas1 activation. After confirming reduced plasma ACE2 activity in human PAH, five patients were enrolled in the trial. GSK2586881 was well tolerated with significant improvement in cardiac output and pulmonary vascular resistance. GSK2586881 infusion was associated with reduced plasma markers of inflammation within 2–4 h and increased SOD2 plasma protein at 2 weeks.PAH is characterised by reduced ACE2 activity. Augmentation of ACE2 in a pilot study was well tolerated, associated with improved pulmonary haemodynamics and reduced markers of oxidant and inflammatory mediators. Targeting this pathway may be beneficial in human PAH.
Monitoring of Technology Adoption Using Web Content Mining of Location Information and Geographic Information Systems: A Case Study of Digital Breast Tomosynthesis
Authors: Onega Tracy , Kamra Dharmanshu , Alford-Teaster Jennifer , Hassanpour Saeed 
Published: June 2018

Purpose To our knowledge, integration of Web content mining of publicly available addresses with a geographic information system (GIS) has not been applied to the timely monitoring of medical technology adoption. Here, we explore the diffusion of a new breast imaging technology, digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT). Methods We used natural language processing and machine learning to extract DBT facility location information using a set of potential sites for the New England region of the United States via a Google search application program interface. We assessed the accuracy of the algorithm using a validated set of publicly available addresses of locations that provide DBT from the DBT technology vendor, Hologic. We quantified precision, recall, and F1 score, aiming for an F1 score of ≥ 95% as the desirable performance. By reverse geocoding on the basis of the results of the Google Maps application program interface, we derived a spatial data set for use in an ArcGIS environment. Within the GIS, a host of spatiotemporal analyses and geovisualization techniques are possible. Results We developed a semiautomated system that integrated DBT location information into a GIS that was feasible and of reasonable quality. Initial accuracy of the algorithm was poor using only a search term list for information retrieval (precision, 35%; recall, 44%; F1 score, 39%), but performance dramatically improved by leveraging natural language processing and simple machine learning techniques to isolate single, valid instances of DBT location information (precision, 92%; recall, 96%; F1 score, 94%). Reverse geocoding yielded reliable geographic coordinates for easy implementation into a GIS for mapping and planned monitoring. Conclusion Our novel approach can be applicable to technologies beyond DBT, which may inform equitable access over time and space.
Smashing mantis shrimp strategically impact shells
Authors: Crane R. L. , Cox S. M. , Kisare S. A. , Patek S. N. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
Many predators fracture strong mollusk shells, requiring specialized weaponry and behaviors. The current shell fracture paradigm is based on jaw- and claw-based predators that slowly apply forces (high impulse, low peak force). However, predators also strike shells with transient intense impacts (low impulse, high peak force). Toward the goal of incorporating impact fracture strategies into the prevailing paradigm, we measured how mantis shrimp (Neogonodactylus bredini) impact snail shells, tested whether they strike shells in different locations depending on prey shape (Nerita spp., Cenchritis muricatus, Cerithium spp.) and deployed a physical model (Ninjabot) to test the effectiveness of strike locations. We found that, contrary to their formidable reputation, mantis shrimp struck shells tens to hundreds of times while targeting distinct shell locations. They consistently struck the aperture of globular shells and changed from the aperture to the apex of high-spired shells. Ninjabot tests revealed that mantis shrimp avoid strike locations that cause little damage and that reaching the threshold for eating soft tissue is increasingly difficult as fracture progresses. Their ballistic strategy requires feed-forward control, relying on extensive pre-strike set-up, unlike jaw- and claw-based strategies that can use real-time neural feedback when crushing. However, alongside this pre-processing cost to impact fracture comes the ability to circumvent gape limits and thus process larger prey. In sum, mantis shrimp target specific shell regions, alter their strategy depending on shell shape, and present a model system for studying the physics and materials of impact fracture in the context of the rich evolutionary history of predator–prey interactions.
Entangled states: Putting affect theory into play with John Burnside’s A Summer of Drowning
Authors: Ringer Laurie 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This article reads John Burnside’s A Summer of Drowning (2011) as resistance to the progress narratives or ‘man-making tales’ (Haraway 2016) that threaten life in fiction and in reality. The choice in Burnside’s gothic narrative and in affect theory is not to drown or not to drown but how to engage with old habits of thought that drown us in recursivity. The Norwegian island Kvaløya/Sállir is both marked and obscured by troubling events in history and in fiction, though it is impossible to tell which is which. At 28, narrator Liv Rossdal reflects on the disturbing events of midnattsol when she was 18. In the temporal distortions, it is hard to know what actually happens, but Liv and her artist mother Angelika survive by cultivating different styles of noticing their entangled states and ecologies (Tsing 2015, Barad 2007). Noticing the ways that ‘real’ characters are entangled with fairytale characters like Narcissus and the huldra disrupts habits that centre anthropocentric points of view, that eclipse other ways of making history, and that commoditize certain types of desire. Liv and her mother resist the simplifications, linearizations, and commoditizations of man-making habits by cultivating ‘unnatural’ connections. What else can bodies do, besides drown in representational thought in these disturbing times?
A Framework for Decision-Making Within Strength and Conditioning Coaching
Authors: Till Kevin , Muir Bob , Abraham Andrew , Piggott Dave , Tee Jason 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTDECISION-MAKING IS A KEY FACTOR IN DEVELOPING COACH EXPERTISE AND EFFECTIVENESS. THIS ARTICLE PRESENTS A FRAMEWORK FOR ENHANCING COACH DECISION-MAKING WITHIN STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING (S&C). BASED ON THEORETICAL UNDERSTANDING OF THE ATHLETE (THE “WHO”), S&C TRAINING PRINCIPLES AND SPORT DEMANDS (THE “WHAT”), AND LEARNING THEORIES AND BEHAVIOR (THE “HOW”), COACHES CAN ENHANCE S&C PRACTICE (“PLANNING, DELIVERING, AND REFLECTING”). IN ADDITION, UNDERSTANDING CONTEXTUAL CHALLENGES (“CONTEXT, CULTURE, AND POLITICS”) AND OWN BELIEFS, VALUES, AND BEHAVIORS (“SELF”) MUST BE CONSIDERED. RECOMMENDATIONS ARE PRESENTED FOR IMPLEMENTING CONSTRUCTIVELY ALIGNED LEARNING PROGRAMS BASED ON THE DECISION-MAKING FRAMEWORK FOR ENHANCING COACH LEARNING AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT WITHIN S&C.
Machine Repair System with F-Policy, Two Unreliable Servers, and Warm Standbys
Authors: Kumar Kamlesh , Jain Madhu , Shekhar Chandra 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This investigation deals with machine repair problems with F-policy and a repair facility that has two unreliable servers and the provision of warm standbys. F-policy implies that when the number of failed machines reaches a maximum capacity K of the system, the next arrival of failed machines is not allowed into the system until the number of failed machines again decreases to a fixed level F. The first server repairs the failed machines as soon as they fail, but the second server starts the repair service only when there are more than a prespecified number of failed machines available in the system to minimize the work load of failed machines in the system. Both servers may be broken down during the repair of failed machines and, after repair, again return to the system for service to the failed machines. We developed a Markov model for the machine repair problem, which consists of the combination of operating and standby machines using the birth-death process. The matrix method is employed to determine the transient probabilities of the number of failed machines in the system, throughput of the system, and some other performance measures. The cost function is also provided for the determination of optimal service rates to depict the system utility at optimum cost.
Chronique du livre
Authors: Joyal André , Kiemtore Mahamoudou 
Published: June 2018

Desaulniers, É. (2013). Vache à lait : Dix mythes de l’industrie laitière, Montréal, Stanké, 192 p.
Julien, J. (sous dir. 2012). La gestion intégrée des ressources en eau en Afrique subsaharienne : Paradigme occidental, pratiques africaines, PUQ, 276 p.
Impacto de la crisis en los movimientos migratorios en la Comunidad de Madrid (2007–2013)
Authors: Pozo Rivera Enrique , Rodríguez Moya Juana Mª 
Published: June 2018

Una consecuencia de la crisis económica ha sido la modificación del modelo migratorio. La reducción de la intensidad de las migraciones y la aparición de saldos migratorios negativos por una emigración exterior creciente que supera la corriente inmigratoria se extiende por gran número de regiones incluida la Comunidad de Madrid. En este artículo se estudia el caso madrileño marcado además por un cambio en la migración interprovincial y una reducción del proceso de expansión periférica metropolitana en consonancia con la reducción de las migraciones internas residenciales que condiciona la aparición de un nuevo modelo demográfico de escaso crecimiento y menor importancia del factor migratorio.
Starter Nitrogen Fertilizer Affects Rice Growth and Nitrogen Uptake but Not Grain Yield
Authors: Satterfield Jason M. , Kaur Gurpreet , Golden Bobby R. , Orlowski John M. , Walker Timothy W. 
Published: June 2018

Core Ideas
Starter N may be beneficial to increase yields of drill‐seeded, delayed‐flood rice.
Starter N did not increase plant height or grain yield in both years.
Starter N does not appear to be a viable option to increase rice yield in Mississippi.
Seedling rice (Oryza sativa L.) growth can be slow on high cation‐exchange‐capacity clay soils, which represent the majority of rice acreage in Mississippi and elsewhere in the Mid‐South US rice‐growing region. Strategies to increase vigor and growth of seedling rice may be beneficial to increase yields of drill‐seeded, delayed‐flood rice. Studies were established during the 2007 and 2008 growing seasons in Stoneville, MS to evaluate the use of starter N fertilizer to improve growth and yield of rice conventional cultivar Cocodrie and the hybrid cultivar XL 723. Ammonium sulfate (AMS) was applied at 20 lb N/ac as starter N fertilizer at the two‐leaf stage. Recovery of starter N was also determined at multiple sampling times using 15N‐labeled ammonium sulfate. Hybrid XL 723 had greater tissue N concentration when measured at V5 (five‐leaf stage) than Cocodrie, but Cocodrie had greater total dry matter (TDM) and total N uptake (TNU) compared with XL 723 likely due to the higher seeding rate for Cocodrie. XL 723 produced 27 and 25% greater grain yield than Cocodrie in 2007 and 2008, respectively. Recovery of 15N was greater in XL723 compared with Cocodrie at the R1 and R3 stages but similar at V5 stage in 2007. Starter N did not increase plant height or grain yield in either variety in both years, but it increased TDM and TNU in 2008. The use of starter fertilizer does not appear to be a viable option to increase seedling vigor or grain yield of rice cultivars Cocodrie and XL 723 in Mississippi.
Unsaturated Zone CO2, CH4, and δ13C‐CO2 at an Arid Region Low‐Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Site
Authors: Conaway C.H. , Walvoord M.A. , Thomas R.B. , Green C.T. , Baker R.J. , Thordsen J.J. , Stonestrom D.A. , Andraski B.J. 
Published: June 2018

Core Ideas
CO2–C isotopic composition discriminates sources and shows mixing.
The shallow root zone is key in shallow CO2 and CH4 production and cycling.
Differences in CO2 and CH4 distributions are explained by interactions with pore water.
Elevated tritium, radiocarbon, Hg, and volatile organic compounds associated with low‐level radioactive waste (LLRW) at the USGS Amargosa Desert Research Site (ADRS) have stimulated research on factors and processes that affect contaminant gas distribution and transport. Consequently, we examined the sources, mixing, and biogeochemistry of CO2 and CH4, two additional important species in the unsaturated zone at ADRS. In spring 2015 and 2016, shallow unsaturated zone gas samples were collected from the 1.5‐m depth both inside and outside the LLRW disposal area. Samples also were collected from two 110‐m‐deep multilevel gas‐sampling boreholes and a distant background site. These samples were analyzed for CO2 mole fraction (xCO2) and C isotopic composition (δ13C‐CO2) and CH4 mole fraction (xCH4). Graphical analysis of the results indicates mixing of CO2 characteristic of the root zone (δ13C −18 to −19‰), deep soil gas of the capillary fringe (−13 to −15‰), and CO2 produced by microbial respiration of organic matter disposed in the LLRW trenches (−22 to −25‰). Distribution of CH4 overall reflects atmospheric sources and production in anaerobic microzones in the LLRW area and methanotrophy in the undisturbed shallow subsurface outside the LLRW area. Although xCH4 reflecting lateral transport from the LLRW area is decreasing with time in the deep profiles, deep unsaturated zone xCO2 has changed little in recent decades. The results imply that CH4 and δ13C‐CO2 may serve as good tracers of anthropogenic effects in the unsaturated zone even when CO2 primarily reflects natural processes.
Angola: (Re-)Imaginar o Nascimento de uma Nação no Cinema Militante
Authors: Piçarra Maria do Carmo 
Published: June 2018

Este artigo procura contribuir para o estudo sobre como, durante o Estado Novo, em Angola, os filmes foram usados, por via da militância política, como instrumento ao serviço da luta de libertação. Após contextualizar o uso do cinema pelos movimentos independentistas das ex-colónias portuguesas, questiono se a actividade cineclubista em Angola contribuiu para o surgimento de um cinema de causas e se o facto da luta pela independência de Angola ter sido mostrada em reportagens internacionais filmadas foi determinante para o uso do filme como uma arma, ainda antes da influência do manifesto “Towards a Third Cinema” (1969), de Solanas e Getino. Particularizo o caso do uso do cinema pelo MPLA e analiso, num estudo de caso central para a história do cinema feito em África, os filmes “angolanos” de Sarah Maldoror que adaptam cinematograficamente os contos de Luandino Vieira sobre militância e encarceramento colonial.
Pond walls: inclined planes to improve pathogen removal in pond systems for wastewater treatment?
Authors: Hawley A. L. , Fallowfield H. J. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Attenuation of sunlight in wastewater treatment ponds reduces the depth of the water exposed to disinfecting irradiances. Shallow pond depth with paddlewheel rotation increases exposure of pathogens to sunlight in high rate algal ponds. Generation of thin films, using pond walls as inclined planes, may increase inactivation of pathogens by increasing sunlight exposure. The performance of a laboratory based model system incorporating an inclined plane (IP) was evaluated. F-RNA bacteriophage, in tap water or wastewater, was exposed to sunlight only on the IP with the bulk water incubated in the dark. MS2 inactivation was significantly higher when the IP was present (P &lt; 0.05) with a 63% increase observed. Prolonged exposure increased MS2 die-off irrespective of IP presence. Versatility of the IP was also demonstrated with faster inactivation observed in both optically clear tap water and wastewaters. IPs of different surface areas produced similar inactivation rates when operated at similar hydraulic loading rates regardless of slope length.
Toxicity of Recycled Concrete Aggregates: Review on Leaching Tests
Authors: Maia Margarida Braga , De Brito Jorge , Martins Isabel M. , Silvestre Jose D. 
Published: June 2018

Background:The toxicity of building materials can be addressed in the areas of occupational and environ-mental toxicology. In the first case, the harmful effects to workers caused by exposure to a specific substance during building materials production are analysed. In the latter case, the toxic effects of that substance on living organisms is examined.Several studies analysed the environmental impact of concrete production, considering a significant number of concrete constituents and compositions, in order to find ways of minimizing it. However, some of the traditional constituents of concrete may be potentially hazardous, presenting different levels of toxicity, but only a few studies are focused on this area. Still, and in order to reduce the potential environmental impact, studies have already started on the incorporation of alternative raw materials, which may affect concrete toxicity.It is important to develop more concrete toxicity studies analysing different mixes and constituents, in order to identify several ways of minimizing the potential toxicity of this construction material.Objective:Different procedures and results of the leaching tests of Recycled Concrete Aggregates (RCA) from previous studies will be presented and discussed in this paper.Method:The ecotoxicological characterization of materials is based on the analysis of the eluates resulting from leaching tests. There are several researches that apply different experimental leaching procedures according to existing standards and others with some variations in the standard test conditions: particle size, duration of the test, among others.Results and conclusion:The main characteristics of RCA that affect the results of the leaching tests will be identified.