bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The habitability of stagnant-lid Earths around dwarf stars
Authors: Godolt Mareike , Tosi Nicola , Stracke Barbara , Grenfell John Lee , Ruedas Thomas , Spohn Tilman , Rauer Heike 
Published: March 2019

Context. The habitability of a planet depends on various factors, such as the delivery of water during its formation, the co-evolution of the interior and the atmosphere, and the stellar irradiation which changes in time.
Aims. Since an unknown number of rocky extrasolar planets may operate in a one-plate convective regime, i.e. without plate tectonics, our aim is to understand the conditions under which planets in such a stagnant-lid regime may support habitable surface conditions. Understanding the interaction of the planetary interior and outgassing of volatiles in combination with the evolution of the host star is crucial to determining the potential habitability. M-dwarf stars in particular possess a high-luminosity pre-main sequence phase that endangers the habitability of planets around them via water loss. We therefore explore the potential of secondary outgassing from the planetary interior to rebuild a water reservoir allowing for habitability at a later stage.
Methods. We compute the boundaries of the habitable zone around M-, K-, G-, and F-dwarf stars using a 1D cloud-free radiative-convective climate model accounting for the outgassing history of CO2 and H2O from an interior evolution and outgassing model for different interior compositions and stellar luminosity evolutions.
Results. The outer edge of the habitable zone strongly depends on the amount of CO2 outgassed from the interior, while the inner edge is mainly determined via the stellar irradiation, as soon as a sufficiently large water reservoir has been outgassed. A build-up of a secondary surface and atmospheric water reservoir for planets around M-dwarf stars is possible even after severe water loss during the high-luminosity pre-main sequence phase as long as some water has been retained within the mantle. For small mantle water reservoirs, between 62 and 125 ppm, a time delay in outgassing from the interior permits such a secondary water reservoir build-up especially for early and mid-M dwarfs because their pre-main sequence lifetimes are shorter than the outgassing timescale.
Conclusions. We show that Earth-like stagnant-lid planets allow for habitable surface conditions within a continuous habitable zone that is dependent on interior composition. Secondary outgassing from the interior may allow for habitability of planets around M-dwarf stars after severe water loss during the high-luminosity pre-main sequence phase by rebuilding a surface water reservoir.
Two cold belts in the debris disk around the G-type star NZ Lupi
Authors: Boccaletti A. , Thébault P. , Pawellek N. , Lagrange A.-M. , Galicher R. , Desidera S. , Milli J. , Kral Q. , Bonnefoy M. , Augereau J.-C. , Maire A. L. , Henning T. , Beust H. , Rodet L. , Avenhaus H. , Bhowmik T. , Bonavita M. , Chauvin G. , Cheetham A. , Cudel M. , Feldt M. , Gratton R. , Hagelberg J. , Janin-Potiron P. , Langlois M. , Menard F. , Mesa D. , Meyer M. , Peretti S. , Perrot C. , Schmidt T. , Sissa E. , Vigan A. , Rickman E. , Magnard Y. , Maurel D. , Moeller-Nilsson O. , Perret D. , Sauvage J.-F. 
Published: March 2019

Context. Planetary systems hold the imprint of the formation and of the evolution of planets especially at young ages, and in particular at the stage when the gas has dissipated leaving mostly secondary dust grains. The dynamical perturbation of planets in the dust distribution can be revealed with high-contrast imaging in a variety of structures.
Aims. SPHERE, the high-contrast imaging device installed at the VLT, was designed to search for young giant planets in long period, but is also able to resolve fine details of planetary systems at the scale of astronomical units in the scattered-light regime. As a young and nearby star, NZ Lup was observed in the course of the SPHERE survey. A debris disk had been formerly identified with HST/NICMOS.
Methods. We observed this system in the near-infrared with the camera in narrow and broad band filters and with the integral field spectrograph. High contrasts are achieved by the mean of pupil tracking combined with angular differential imaging algorithms.
Results. The high angular resolution provided by SPHERE allows us to reveal a new feature in the disk which is interpreted as a superimposition of two belts of planetesimals located at stellocentric distances of ~85 and ~115 au, and with a mutual inclination of about 5°. Despite the very high inclination of the disk with respect to the line of sight, we conclude that the presence of a gap, that is, a void in the dust distribution between the belts, is likely.
Conclusions. We discuss the implication of the existence of two belts and their relative inclination with respect to the presence of planets.
Classe 2 ou classe 3 molaire : comment établir une occlusion fonctionnelle ?
Authors: Orthlieb J.-D. , Manière-Ezvan A. 
Published: March 2019

Le traitement orthodontique visant l’établissement d’une classe 2 ou d’une classe 3 thérapeutique peut être une solution économe aboutissant à une situation fonctionnelle satisfaisante moyennant quelques ajustements mineurs mais nécessaires.Il est absolument indispensable de bien comprendre la différence entre classe 2 totale et classe 2 partielle, ou classe 3 totale ou partielle. La classe partielle est à corriger, alors qu’il faut de très bonnes raisons pour corriger la classe 2 totale, ou la classe 3, et finir en classe 1, jamais en relation cuspide-cuspide (classe partielle). En classe 2 totale ou en classe 3 totale thérapeutiques, il est possible d’obtenir un calage satisfaisant moyennant des aménagements mineurs de position (inclinaison, rotation) ou de forme (soustraction, addition). Ces corrections nécessitent un examen attentif des moulages, parfois une simulation par set-up/wax-up.
Influence de l’avulsion de prémolaires d’indication orthodontiques sur l’évolution des troisièmes molaires : une revue systématique de littérature
Authors: Fau V. , Brezulier D. , Sorel O. 
Published: March 2019

Introduction : Le pronostic de l’éruption des troisièmes molaires est un élément pouvant influencer la décision lorsque l’indication de l’avulsion de prémolaires est discutée dans un plan de traitement orthodontique. L’objectif de cette revue systématique de la littérature est d’évaluer l’influence que peuvent avoir ces avulsions sur l’évolution des troisièmes molaires maxillaires et mandibulaires.
Matériel et méthode : La revue a été entreprise à partir des bases de données Pubmed et Web of Sciences afin d’identifier les études de meilleure qualité disponibles comparant l’évolution des troisièmes molaires entre un groupe avec extractions de prémolaires et un groupe avec traitement sans extraction.
Résultats : Onze études de cohortes comparatives rétrospectives répondaient à l’ensemble des critères d’inclusion. Les 5 études comparant le taux d’éruption des troisièmes molaires retrouvaient des résultats significativement supérieurs dans le groupe avec extractions. Les 5 études comparant l’évolution de l’espace rétro-molaire retrouvaient des résultats significativement supérieurs dans le groupe avec extractions. Enfin, concernant le redressement de l’axe de la troisième molaire au cours du traitement, seules 2 études retrouvaient des différences significatives entre les 2 groupes, à chaque fois en faveur du groupe avec extractions.
Conclusion : La littérature actuelle sur le sujet étudié repose sur des études rétrospectives de qualité moyenne. L’avulsion des prémolaires améliore significativement les chances d’éruption des troisièmes molaires mais le niveau de preuve des études de cohortes comparatives rétrospectives est faible. Des études prospectives avec des protocoles standardisés et des méthodologies plus détaillées sont requises pour obtenir des niveaux de preuve supérieurs.
Posttraumatic Bilateral Basal Ganglia Infarct in Pediatric Age—Clinical and Therapeutic Management: A Rare Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Varshney Tarun , Sharma Vinod , Sharma Achal 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIschemic stroke of basal ganglia after head trauma is rare in children younger than 18 months and accounts for less than 2% of all ischemic strokes in childhood. The clinical history of these lesions is particularly favorable because they are usually small and facial-brachial-crural hemiparesis is typical of this pathology that regresses over a period of time. The most effective therapeutic approach appears to be a conservative one, although the best treatment regimen is still not well defined. It is necessary to exclude conditions such as heart disease, coagulopathies, and acute traumatic arterial dissections. The authors present a rare case of bilateral basal ganglia infarct in an 18-month-old child following head trauma managed conservatively with good recovery.
Update on Imaging of Spinal Fixation Hardware
Authors: Winegar Blair , Kay Matthew , Chadaz Tyson , Taljanovic Mihra , Hood Kenneth , Hunter Tim 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis article discusses instrumented spinal surgeries, the radiologic assessment of spinal fixation hardware, and the potential complications of spinal hardware. Radiography is the standard for the postoperative assessment of spinal hardware. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging play a valuable role in the detection of hardware and postsurgical-related complications such as infection, pseudarthrosis, and malpositioned instrumentation. Familiarity with the normal imaging appearance of implanted spinal hardware along with the expected progression of normal postoperative osseous arthrodesis enables recognition of potential complications and helps facilitate appropriate clinical management.
Surgical Approach of Cauda Equina Syndrome Secondary to L5 Lumbar Solitary Bone Plasmocytoma with Partial Resection and Lumbopelvic Fixation
Authors: Muñoz-Montoya Juan , Vargas-Valdez Maria , Perez-Cataño Carlos , Ramirez-Ferrer Esteban , Arrieta-Maria Victor 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe solitary bone plasmacytoma is an uncommon cause of chronic lumbar pain. It belongs to a tumor group of plasmatic cells that usually disturbs the axial skeleton and can progress to multiple myeloma. The treatment of choice is radiotherapy; however, surgical management can also be done. Regardless of the no reliable data and little evidence, it is clear that the intervention is based on the classification systems of Enneking and Weinstein–Boriani–Biagini. This article will show a 66-year-old female patient with lumbar pain of 1 month with B symptoms. A solitary bone plasmacytoma diagnosis was made with pathology confirmation. A surgical procedure with improvement of symptoms was achieved, with 2 years of follow-up without relapse.
Simultaneous Cervical and Lumbar Spine Surgery: Retrospective Analysis of 45 Cases
Authors: Aiwale Amit , Patel Pankajkumar , Paspala Syed , Murthy T. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Background The term ‘tandem spinal stenosis’ (TSS) was first introduced by Dagi et al to describe concurrent symptomatic cervical and lumbar spinal stenosis. A typical clinical picture includes intermittent neurogenic claudication, myelopathy, and polyradiculopathy in both the upper and lower extremities. The incidence of TSS ranges from 0.12 to 28%.
Methods We studied patients who presented with tandem canal stenosis and operated cervicolumbar decompression with or without fusion procedures by two separate neurosurgical teams simultaneously from June 2015 to 2017 with follow-up period of minimum 6 months.
Results We had 30 (66.66%) male and 15 (33.33%) female patients who underwent simultaneous cervical and lumbar spine surgeries. The average age was 57.8 years (male) and 53.9 years (female). Cervical canal stenosis was graded as per magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) morphological grades of stenosis by Kang et al and lumbar grading, was done as per Schizas et al grading system. The mean duration of complaints in cervical and lumbar compression was 29.54 ± 44.99 months and 30.55 ± 38.11 months, respectively. The mean preoperative Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score of was 10.46 ± 1.39, whereas the postoperative mean JOA score was 11.93 ± 1.28, and mean preoperative (38.59 ± 16.52) and postoperative (29.22 ± 9.38) Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores showed a statistically significant difference (p = 0.0001).
Conclusion Patients with TSS are elderly and have associated comorbidities, still simultaneous cervical and lumbar surgery is feasible with the good outcome if you have two neurosurgical teams operating simultaneously and having good other super specialty teams’ support. It can be timesaving and cost effective for patients. Also, it avoids patients from undergoing exposure to two separate surgical and anesthetic stress.
Radiologic Evaluation of Lower Leg, Ankle, and Foot Fracture Fixation Hardware
Authors: Mar Winnie , Schilling J. , Lomasney Laurie , Chen Eric , Taljanovic Mihra , Lowe Jason 
Published: March 2019

AbstractRadiologists should be familiar with basic principles of fracture fixation and the normal imaging appearances of implant constructs and their complications. The surgeon's selection of external fixation, intramedullary nail fixation, open reduction and internal fixation, or some combination depends on patient factors, fracture configuration, injury to the soft tissue envelope, and surgeon experience. Complications including loss of fixation with resultant malalignment, nonunion, infection, and posttraumatic osteoarthritis present additional challenges for the surgeon as well as the radiologist. This article reviews the rationale behind fracture fixation in fractures of the lower leg, ankle, and foot. Examples of postoperative complications are also reviewed.
An openEHR Approach to Detailed Clinical Model Development: Tobacco Smoking Summary Archetype as a Case Study
Authors: Wei Ping-Cheng , Atalag Koray , Day Karen 
Published: March 2019

Background Data modeling for electronic health records (EHRs) is complex, requiring technological and cognitive sophistication. The openEHR approach leverages the tacit knowledge of domain experts made explicit in a model development process aiming at interoperability and data reuse.
Objective The purpose of our research was to explore the process that enabled the aggregation of the tacit knowledge of domain experts in an explicit form using the Clinical Knowledge Manager (CKM) platform and associated assets. The Tobacco Smoking Summary archetype is used to illustrate this.
Methods Three methods were used to triangulate findings: (1) observation of CKM discussions by crowdsourced domain experts in two reviews, (2) observation of editor discussions and decision-making, and (3) interviews with eight domain experts. CKM discussions were analyzed for content and editor discussions for decision-making, and interviews were thematically analyzed to explore in depth the explication of tacit knowledge.
Results The Detailed Clinical Model (DCM) process consists of a set of reviews by domain experts, with each review followed by editorial discussions and decision-making until an agreement is reached among reviewers and editors that the DCM is publishable. Interviews revealed three themes: (1) data interoperability and reusability, (2) accurate capture of patient data, and (3) challenges of sharing tacit knowledge.
Discussion The openEHR approach to developing an open standard revealed a complex set of conditions for a successful interoperable archetype, such as leadership, maximal dataset, crowdsourced domain expertise and tacit knowledge made explicit, editorial vision, and model-driven software. Aggregated tacit knowledge that is explicated into a DCM enables the ability to collect accurate data and plan for the future.
Conclusion The process based on the CKM platform enables domain experts and stakeholders to be heard and to contribute to mutually designed standards that align local protocols and agendas to international interoperability requirements.
Advanced Practice Professionals and an Outpatient Clinic: Improving Longitudinal Care in an Interventional Radiology Practice
Authors: Crum Elizabeth , Varma Manish 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe field of interventional radiology (IR) has made tremendous advances in both scope and practice since its inception in the early 1960s. With these advances, it has solidified itself as a valuable subspecialty to the medical community and, most importantly, to the patients who receive IR care. Expanding clinical services to improve care in both the pre- and postprocedural setting is a logical step in IR maturation. The use of advanced practice professionals, in the form of physician assistants and nurse practitioners, can add value in both quality of the patient experience and exposure to other subspecialties. Furthermore, a dedicated outpatient clinic provides a centralized site to evaluate patients and communicate with referring services. These additions can be a challenging value proposition, particularly when working in a combined diagnostic radiology and IR practice, but given the benefits, these are well worth the time and monetary investments.
An Overview of Primary Dementias as Clinicopathological Entities
Authors: Salardini Arash 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDementia is a state of cognitive dysfunction which leads to functional decline. It is a syndrome caused by several medical and neurological causes, but most cases of dementia are due to “primary dementias.” Primary dementias are neurological diseases whose manifestations are predominantly cognitive. Most primary dementias are caused by neurodegenerative proteinopathies where an accumulation of misfolded proteins leads to neuronal loss, neuroinflammation and glial reaction. Each proteinopathy is characterized by the type of protein implicated in its pathophysiology. Neurodegenerative dementias include the most prevalent cause of dementia—Alzheimer's disease—as well as Lewy body dementia, Parkinson's disease dementia, frontotemporal dementias, and prion diseases. Vascular dementia, especially small vessel disease, though not a neurodegenerative condition, is often grouped together with primary dementias. Each type of proteinopathy, characterized by the location and nature of misfolded protein accumulation, may correspond to a particular clinical phenotype. The correspondence between pathologies and clinical phenotypes is not exclusive, and there is a large degree of overlap. Although in the research setting the clinicopathological construct is on the wane, in the clinic it is the most practical way of approaching primary dementias. In this article, we introduce the clinicopathological construct, the understanding of which will form the basis of the other articles in this volume.
Indirect rule redux: the political economy of diamond mining and its relation to the Ebola outbreak in Kono District, Sierra Leone
Authors: Frankfurter Raphael , Kardas-Nelson Mara , Benton Adia , Barrie Mohamed Bailor , Dibba Yusupha , Farmer Paul , Richardson Eugene T. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTThis article explores the relationship between the 2014–2016 Ebola outbreak and the political economy of diamond mining in Kono District, Sierra Leone. The authors argue that foreign companies have recycled colonial strategies of indirect rule to facilitate the illicit flow of resources out of Sierra Leone. Drawing on field research conducted during the outbreak and in its aftermath, they show how this ‘indirect rule redux’ undermines democratic governance and the development of revenue-generation institutions. Finally, they consider the linkages between indirect rule and the Ebola outbreak, vis-à-vis the consequences of the region’s intentionally underdeveloped health care infrastructure and the scaffolding of outbreak containment onto the paramount chieftaincy system.
Impact of data analysis methods for maximal fat oxidation estimation during exercise in sedentary adults
Authors: Amaro‐Gahete Francisco J. , Sanchez‐Delgado Guillermo , Alcantara Juan M.A. , Martinez‐Tellez Borja , Acosta Francisco M. , Helge Jørn W. , Ruiz Jonatan R. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe maximal fat oxidation (MFO), and the exercise intensity that elicits MFO (Fatmax), are considered excellent markers of fat metabolism during exercise. Besides individual's biological characteristics (e.g. fed state, physical fitness level, sex, or age), data selection and analysis can affect MFO and Fatmax estimations, yet the effect is unknown. We investigated (i) the impact of using a pre‐defined time interval on MFO and Fatmax estimation, and (ii) the impact of applying 2 different data analysis approaches (measured‐values vs. polynomial‐curve) on MFO and Fatmax estimations in sedentary adults. A total of 151 (97 women) sedentary adults aged 29.2 ± 13.2 years old participated in the study. We assessed MFO and Fatmax through a walking graded exercise test using indirect calorimetry. We pre‐defined 13 different time intervals for data analysis, and the estimation of MFO and Fatmax were performed through the measured‐values and the polynomial‐curve data analysis approaches. There were significant differences in MFO across pre‐defined time intervals methods (P < 0.001) applying measured‐values data analysis approach, while no statistical differences were observed when using polynomial‐curve data analysis approach (P = 0.077). There were no differences in Fatmax across pre‐defined time intervals independently of the data analysis approach (P ≥ 0.7). We observed significant differences in MFO between measured‐values and the polynomial‐curve data analysis approaches across the time intervals methods selected (all P ≤ 0.05), and no differences were observed in Fatmax (all P ≥ 0.2). In conclusion, our results revealed that there are no differences in MFO and Fatmax across different time intervals methods selected using the polynomial‐curve data analysis approach. We observed significant differences in MFO between measured‐values vs. polynomial‐curve data analysis approaches in all the study time intervals, whereas no differences were detected in Fatmax. Therefore, the use of polynomial‐curve data analysis approach allows to compare MFO and Fatmax using different time intervals in sedentary adults.
Child Neglect in Namibia: Emerging Themes and Future Directions
Authors: Sharley Victoria , Ananias Janetta , Rees Alyson , Leonard Emmerita 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis article initiates the conversation on the conceptualisation of child neglect in Namibia, reporting findings from a small study undertaken in 2017. The research is a collaboration between academics at the University of Namibia, Africa, University of Bristol and Cardiff University in the UK. The study is the first of its kind in Namibia, offering original knowledge about what constitutes neglect for children in the local context of child-rearing practice. Qualitative interviews with practitioners in schools and social-care organisations were undertaken in three of the fourteen political regions of Namibia. Interviews ascertained participants’ thoughts and understandings of child neglect at individual and community levels. Teenage pregnancy and substance misuse emerged as central to the conceptualisation of neglect within the local context, with a tension between Western and indigenous child-rearing practices. This article offers rich insights into the social construction of child neglect amongst indigenous communities in Namibia, identifying a need for knowledge gathering into broader aspects of child health and well-being within Namibia’s diverse indigenous peoples. The authors call for future co-produced research, which engages local communities and stakeholders in investigating this issue, to improve the health and well-being of Namibian children in congruence with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.