bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Force–Length Relationship Modeling of Wrist and Finger Flexor Muscles
Authors: HAURAIX HUGO , GOISLARD DE MONSABERT BENJAMIN , HERBAUT ALEXIS , BERTON ERIC , VIGOUROUX LAURENT 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Because the hand joints possess a broad range of motion, the muscle length can vary importantly which might result in significant variations of the muscle force-generating capacities. However, facing the complexity of this musculoskeletal system, no study has examined the effect of hand muscle length change on muscle force. This study aimed to characterize the force–length relationship of muscles involved in wrist and metacarpophalangeal flexion.

Methods
Eleven participants performed two sessions: (i) one for the wrist flexor muscles and (ii) one for the finger flexor muscles. For each session, the participants performed two maximal voluntary contractions and then two progressive isometric ramps from 0% to 100% of their maximal force capacity at five different wrist/metacarpophalangeal angles. Torque, kinematic, and electromyographic data were recorded. An ultrasound scanner was used to measure the myotendinous junction displacement of flexor carpi radialis (FCR) and flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) during isometric contractions. A three-dimensional relationship between muscle length, force, and activation level was modeled using optimization procedure.

Results
Globally, the FCR was stronger and shorter compared with FDS. The results showed that the three-dimensional relationships fitted well the experimental data (mean R
2 = 0.92 ± 0.07 and 0.87 ± 0.11 for FCR and FDS, respectively). Using joint angle and EMG data, this approach allows to estimate the muscle force with low estimation errors (<9% of F
max).

Conclusions
This study proposes a new method to investigate the force–length relationship by combining ultrasound measurement, musculoskeletal modeling and optimization procedures. The data and relationships provide a new insight into hand biomechanics and muscle function that could be useful for designing hand tools or surgical operations.
Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype epidemiology among PCV-10 vaccinated and unvaccinated children at Gertrude’s Children’s Hospital, Nairobi County: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Walekhwa Michael , Muturi Margaret , Gunturu Revathi , Kenya Eucharia , Kabera Beatrice 
Published: June 2018

Background:Streptococcus pneumoniae(SPn) serotype replacement and emergence of multidrug resistant SPnhas exacerbated the need for continuous regional serotype surveillance. We investigated SPnserotypes circulating among children ≤5 years in Nairobi County.Methods:Streptococcus pneumoniaestocks stored at −70°C in brain heart infusion medium were thawed at room temperature for 30 minutes. In total, 10 µl of the stored SPncells were suspended in 50 µl PBS and gently vortexed. About 10 µl of the suspended cells were added on to a glass slide and mixed with 10 µl pooled antisera. The glass slide was swirled gently while observing for any reaction. The process was repeated with individual groups under various antisera pools. Those serotypes that did not belong to any pool were typed directly until a positive agglutination reaction was observed. The cells/PBS/serotype-specific antisera mixture on the glass slide were covered with a coverslip and observed under a phase contrast microscope at ×100 objective lens with oil emulsion.Results:Out of the 206 subjects sampled, 20.39% (n=42) were found to be carriers of SPn. About 52% (n=22) of the SPncarriers had received the recommended dose of PCV-10, while 48% (n=20) of the carriers had not. Almost all (n=41; 19.90% of subjects) isolates contained non-vaccine type SPnserotypes, while n=1 of the serotypes (in 0.49% of subjects) were untypeable. Serotypes 28F, 6A, 11A, 3 and 7C were prevalent in both vaccinated and unvaccinated children, whereas serotypes 23A, 17F, 35F, 48, 13 and 35B, and 23B, 20, 19B, 21, untypeable, 15B and 39 were found among unvaccinated and vaccinated groups, respectively.Conclusions:All SPnserotypes isolated from the subjects sampled were non PCV-10 vaccine type. Therefore Kenyan children receiving PCV-10 vaccine are not protected.
Mothers’ adherence to optimal infant and young child feeding practices in Uganda: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Nabirye Zabinah , Kiwanuka Frank , Nakaye Zainah , Kamurasi Ivan , Tolulope Agbele Alaba 
Published: June 2018

Background: The benefits of adherence to optimal infant and young child feeding (IYCF) to both the mothers and their infants below two years are well documented. However, compliance to optimal IYCF practices has been noted to vary in different settings. This study sought to establish factors influencing mothers’ adherence to optimal infant and young child feeding practices for babies below two years in Mpigi town council- Mpigi District. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional study carried out among 264 mothers of babies between six months to two years of age attending postnatal care units of health facilities in Mpigi town council, Uganda: Mpigi Health Center (HC) IV and Kyaali HC III. Purposive sampling method was used to select the health centers while simple random sampling was then used to select the sample from the selected centers. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Data entry and analysis was performed using SPSS version 16. Results: 264 participants were invited to participate in the study, 100% of these fully completed the survey. The majority of the mothers were aged 20 to 34 years (80.3%). After scoring each participant using the four characteristics which included: initiation of breastfeeding within the first hour following birth, exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months followed by continued breastfeeding with appropriate complementary foods upto 2 years and beyond, the majority of the participants were adherent (79.6%) to IYCF practices while 20.4% were non adherent to IYCF practices. Conclusion: A good estimate of adherence to optimal IYCF practices was revealed in this study. Sustaining well-established policies to support IYCF programmes is recommended to maintain optimal IYCF practices.
‘Read–through marking’ reveals differential nucleotide composition of read-through and truncated cDNAs in iCLIP
Authors: Huppertz Ina , Haberman Nejc , Ule Jernej 
Published: June 2018

We established a modified iCLIP protocol, called ‘read-through marking’, which facilitates the detection of cDNAs that have not been truncated upon encountering the RNA–peptide complex during reverse transcription (read-through cDNAs). A large proportion of these cDNAs would be undesirable in an iCLIP library, as it could affect the resolution of the method. To this end, we added an oligonucleotide to the 5’-end of RNA fragments—a 5’-marker—to mark the read-through cDNAs. By applying this modified iCLIP protocol to PTBP1 and eIF4A3, we found that the start sites of read-through cDNAs are enriched in adenosines, while the remaining cDNAs have a markedly different sequence content at their starts, preferentially containing thymidines. This finding in turn indicates that most of the reads in our iCLIP libraries are a product of truncation with valuable information regarding the proteins’ RNA-binding sites. Thus, cDNA start sites confidently identify a protein’s RNA-crosslink sites and we can account for the impact of read-through cDNAs by commonly adding a 5’-marker.
Quality control, staff training and organization of competitive and advanced technology production
Authors: Васильев Виктор , Vasiliev Viktor , Александрова Светлана , Alexandrova Svetlana 
Published: June 2018

The analysis of the most known approaches to the quality control and organization of competitive product manufacturing is shown, particular attention is paid to the problems of quality management.
There are considered modern methods and tools for quality control, the problems of training experts in the field of quality taking into account development of the promising methods for quality control are covered.
Possible directions for updating staff potential of high-technology branches of industry in the field of production organization and quality control are shown.
A postal informed consent form for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy
Authors: Bonet Natalia Cambon , Lupu Roxana , Gibbings Sarah 
Published: June 2018

Background: A new postal informed consent form was introduced for gastroscopy patients at Royal South Hants Hospital. This included a pre-procedure information booklet intended to ensure valid consent, speed up the procedure and reduce anxiety. Aims: The study aimed to assess the efficacy of the information leaflet. Method: A quantitative survey was designed to assess information quality, anxiety levels and admission time using both binary yes/no and Likert-scale closed questions, as well as collect admission and discharge times. Results and discussion: Of the 88% of patients who received the booklet, 90% read it. Of these, 98% felt it was written clearly. Less than one third had had a previous gastroscopy, but over three-quarters knew what one was. Patient satisfaction with the information provided was very high, with 96% of respondents evaluating it very good or excellent. Admission periods were reduced by nearly 3 minutes. Changes in anxiety levels were not statistically significant, although high levels of anxiety were reduced in some patients.
Hygroscopic expansion of bulk fill composites: A three-month report
Authors: Hasani Elham , Panahandeh Narges , Shamszadeh Sayna , Abrandabadi Ahmad Najafi , Sheikh-Al-Eslamian Seyedeh Mahsa 
Published: June 2018

Polymer networks are considered to be largely affected by water and chemical absorption from environment. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the hygroscopic expansion of bulk-fill composite. Material and Methods: Fifteen disks (5 in each group) with different thickness(4mm/2mm) of Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill composite(TB) and Tetric N-Ceram composite(TN) were made according to the manufacturer’s instruction and stored in deionized water. The length of each specimen was recorded using a digital micrometer at baseline and at the end of 24 h, 1, 2, 4, 12 weeks intervals. Repeated measure ANOVA and Tukey HSD were used to determine the effect of variables. At 12 weeks, the mean hygroscopic expansion after water immersion ranged between 0. 33±0.09mm for TN to 0.41±0.07mm for TB with 2mm thickness. Repeated measure ANOVA revealed a significant increase in hygroscopic expansion over time (P<0.05). Results: The results indicated that at 24hours and 2weeks there was a significant difference among TN and TBwith 4mm thickness (p=0.007 and p=0.023, respectively). The other differences were not significant. Hygroscopic expansion affected by the type of composite and the passing of time. Conclusion: The results showed that the time taken to reach stabilization in hygroscopic expansion was shorter for TN in comparison with TB. For 2mm thickness equilibrium was attained earlier. KeywordsWater; Expansion; Composites; Polymerization; Bulk-fill.
Edemogenic test and hydrogen peroxide degradation rate of bleaching gels with different desensitizing agents
Authors: Briso André Luiz Fraga , Gallinari Marjorie Oliveira , Benetti Francine , Valentim Diego , Bueno Carlos Roberto Emerenciano , Marson Fabiano Carlos , Junior Eloi Dezan , Cintra Luciano Tavares Ângelo 
Published: June 2018

Objective: The at-home bleaching technique leads to the intimate contact of the bleaching gel with gingival tissues, so this study evaluated the immediate inflammatory response, through the edemogenic test, induced by at-home bleaching gels of 10% carbamide peroxide with different desensitizing agents, the quantification of hydrogen peroxide released and bleaching gels pH. Material and Methods: Forty-eight rats were divided into groups (n=12): CTRL-control group, WP-Whiteness Perfect 10% (FGM Produtos Odontológicos, Joinville, SC, Brazil), OPA-Opalescence 10% (Ultradent Products Inc., South Jordan, IT, USA), and PB-Power Bleaching (BM4, Palhoça, SC, Brazil). For the edemogenic test, all rats received an intravenous injection of Evan's Blue; after 30 min, 0.2 mL of each bleaching gels was injected into the subcutaneous tissue of the rats, and the results of the vascular permeability were assessed after 3 and 6h. The amount of HP released and pH of each product was also determined. Data were submitted to statistical test (p<0.05). Results: At 3h, the PB showed higher vascular permeability than the other groups. At 6h, the PB produced similar vascular permeability than WHI, and higher than OPA and CTRL groups. The OPA group had a higher vascular permeability at 6h compared to 3h; there is no difference in other groups. The PB group had higher HP concentrations than the other groups. Conclusion: In general, the PB caused a more considerable amount of inflammatory edema and higher amount of HP released. This results suggesting that these bleaching gels cause greater aggression in soft gingival tissues that eventually ends up in contact with bleaching products KeywordsTooth bleaching; Carbamide peroxide; Hydrogen peroxide; Capillary permeability.
Redescription of Larval Development in Cultured Pearl Oyster Pinctada maxima
Authors: Mulyana Jeane Siswitasari , Farajallah Achmad , Wardiatno Yusli 
Published: June 2018

Larval development plays a major role in efficient pearl culture. The cultured larvae will be later used for recipient and donor oysters in cultured pearl production. Larval developmental stage of silver lip pearl oyster Pinctada maxima has been reported by several studies. Those studies used female and male oyster parents directly taken from natural habitat.This study aimed to redescribe larval development of P. maxima from commercial pearl oyster culture farm in Indonesia. Larval development of this species whose parents are originated from selected groups in the pearl culture farm has not been reported yet, thus it is necessary to be described. This species undergoes specific larval developmental stage. The larvae were observed under microscope, and then the average shell length (SL) and shell height (SH) were measured. D-shaped veliger larva (77.4±0.3 µm SL; 65.4±1.1 µm SH) appeared 20 h after fertilization. Tenday-old larva (156.2±2.8 µm SL; 149.5±5.6 µm SH) had developed umbo region so it was called umbonal larva. Umbonal larva then developed further into plantigrade larva (411.3±9.8 µm SL; 380.5±6.9 µm SH) in 25 days after fertilization. Developmental stage and larval sizein P. maxima is similar with those observed in P. fucata and P. margaritifera. Keywords: growth, larva, plantigrade, shell, umbo, veliger
Quantitative Comparison of Algorithms for Estimating the Air-sea Exchange of Carbon Dioxide in Malacca Straits
Authors: Maslukah Lilik , Adisaputro Didi , Pranowo Widodo Setiyo 
Published: June 2018

A precise quantification of the sea surface partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2(water)) at the water surface is required in order to define the role of the sea in air-sea exchange of CO2. Even though the pCO2(water) can be measured directly, the semi-empirical model has seen numerous application in determining the pCO2 (water) due to a time-and cost-efficient. This study aims to compare the pCO2 and FCO2 (Flux of CO2) calculated using Zhai and Zhu algorithm with the underway datasets of pCO2 obtained during the scientific cruise of CISKA-SPICE III in April 2013. The partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) was measured using a high-accuracy electrochemical instrumentation underway HydroC/CO2 FT (flow through) with an error ±1 μ atm. Furthermore, in order to calculate the pCO2 and the FCO2 employing widely used algorithms, some data were needed including wind speed, sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a extracted from MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer). According to the results obtained, the difference between the pCO2 and FCO2 derived from those two algorithms are significant. The underway datasets of pCO2 are ranging from 409.52-544.01 µatm. Meanwhile, the pCO2 derived using the Zhai algorithm and Zhu algorithm are between 405.003–422.79 µatm and 398.94-752.06 µatm respectively. The FCO2 are varied between 0.02–0.06 molC.m-2.day-1 (Zhai algorithm), 0.02-0.57 molC.m-2.day-1 (Zhu algorithm) dan 0.04-0.23 molC.m-2.day-1 (the underway datasets). A comparison of the two results reveals that pCO2 derived using Zhai algorithm is closer with the underway datasets compared with the result of pCO2 calculated using Zhu algorithm with the MRE (Mean Relative Estimation Error) as large as 19.4% and 39% respectively. Taken together, these results suggest that the Zhai algorithm is more appropriate to determine algorithms for estimating the air-sea exchange of carbon dioxide in the Malacca Straits.Keywords: carbon dioxide, Malacca Straits, pCO2, FCO2, Zhai and Zhu algorithm
Distribution and Abundance of Fish Larvae in South of Alas Strait, West Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Jatmiko Irwan , Rochman Fathur , Arnenda Gussasta Levi 
Published: June 2018

The early life of fish larvae is important to understand the entire life history of the fish. At this phase, larvae movement is very weak and dependent on the movement of water currents. This study aims to determine the distribution and abundance of fish larvae in the waters south of the Port of Tanjung Luar, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Sampling of fish larvae were done at five stations at waters around Alas Strait and Indian Ocean south of East Lombok. Sampled were collected from 5 different depth: 0-200 m, 201-1000 m, 1001-2000 m, 2001-3000 m and >3000 m. A total of 122 fish larvae were collected which belong to 26 families and varied compositions among observation stations. The samples was dominated by Scombridae family (18 %), followed by Carrangidae and Blenniidae (13.1% and 6.6%, respectively). The highest abundance was occurred in station V (0-200 m) of 125 individuals.1000-1m3. It showed that inshore/shallow waters have more abundance than offshore/deep waters. The findings from this study can be basic information for the authorities to establish sustainable fisheries policy. Keywords: fish, larvae movement, sustainable fishery, early life.
Synthesis of Carbon Integration Networks Coupled with Hydrate Suppression and Dehydration Options
Authors: Klaimi Rachid , Alnouri Sabla Y , Al-Mohannadi Dhabia , Zeaiter Joseph , Linke Patrick 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The excessive increase in carbon dioxide emissions through the past several decades has raised global climate change concerns. As such, environmental policy makers have been looking into the implementation of efficient strategies that would ultimately reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emission levels, and meet strict emissions targets. As part of a national emission reduction strategy, the reduction of carbon-dioxide emissions from industrial activities has been proven to be very significant. This instigated the need for a systematic carbon integration approach that can yield cost-effective carbon integration networks, while meeting prescribed carbon dioxide emission reduction targets in industrial cities. A novel carbon integration methodology has been previously proposed as a carbon network source-sink mapping approach using a Mixed Integer Nonlinear Program (MINLP), and was found to be very effective to devise emission control strategies in industrial cities. This paper aims to further improve the design process of carbon integration networks, by coupling carbon integration networks with hydrate suppression/moisture removal options. This was found vital for the prevention of any potential hazards that are associated with the transportation of carbon dioxide in pipelines, such as hydrate formation and various corrosion effects, which may result from moisture retention. An extensive analysis of carbon capture, dehydration, inhibition, compression, and transmission options have all been incorporated into the network design process, in the course of determining cost-optimal solutions for carbon dioxide networks. The proposed approach has been illustrated using an industrial city case study.
Transient Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics of non-Newtonian Supercritical Third-Grade Fluid (CO2) past a Vertical Cylinder
Authors: Janardhana Reddy G. , Hiremath Ashwini , Basha Hussain , Venkata Narayanan N.S. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The present study deals with the time-dependent natural convective supercritical third-grade fluid flow past a vertical cylinder. A new thermodynamic model for the supercritical carbon di-oxide (CO2) has been derived. In this model the thermal expansion coefficient is characterized as a function of pressure, temperature and compressibility factor. This model uses the Redlich-Kwong equation of state (RK-EOS). The numerically calculated thermal expansion coefficient values of CO2 are validated with available experimental results. The governing non-linear coupled partial differential equations are solved by using Crank-Nicolson method. The obtained numerical data is described in terms of velocity, temperature, skin-friction and Nusselt number through the graphs and tables for the different set of physical parameters. It is observed that the unsteady velocity is an increasing function of reduced pressure and reduced temperature; whereas it is a decreasing function with respect to third-grade fluid parameter. The temperature field is enhanced near the critical point for the increasing values of third-grade fluid parameter. In supercritical fluid region for the increasing values of reduced pressure and reduced temperature, the skin-friction values are magnified against time. Also, the average heat transfer rate decreases for increasing values of third-grade fluid parameter.
Language learning strategy use in context: the effects of self-efficacy and CLIL on language proficiency
Authors: Jaekel Nils 
Published: June 2018

AbstractLanguage learning strategies (LLS) are suggested to facilitate learning and support learner autonomy. The integration of content and language in foreign language education increases the cognitive work load. Furthermore, self-efficacy has been identified as a key predictor for strategy use and language achievement. The present study aimed to (1) investigate LLS use in content-based versus traditional foreign language environments and (2) assess the impact LLS use and self-efficacy have on language proficiency. Participants were Year 9 Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) and regular English as a foreign language (EFL) students (N=378) in Germany. Structural equation modelling, controlling for a range of confounding variables, showed that (1) there was no difference in LLS use between CLIL and EFL students. (2) LLS use had a negative impact while self-efficacy predicted higher language proficiency. These results suggest that students may best be supported by enhancing their self-efficacy while they should carefully choose their strategies.
Die Aktionärsstruktur der Deutschen Bank, 1870-1929
Authors: Bol Angela 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
I examine the ownership of Deutsche Bank between 1870 and 1930 by using shareholder lists of the general meetings from the archive in Berlin. I show that Deutsche Bank had more than 200 shareholders and was mainly widely held. The bank had no single dominant shareholder owning more than 25 percent of shares. However, attendance at general meetings was low and shareholders remained mostly anonymous. As a consequence, the general meetings of Deutsche Bank were dominated by banks and inside shareholders. Banks – holding shares predominantly as custodians of other investors – played an important role in affecting the outcome of the general meeting.