bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microstructure and dielectric properties of sub‐micron hollow sphere (Ba0.6 Sr0.4)TiO3 /PVDF composites
Authors: Guo Yiting , Zhang Kena , Meng Nan , Wu Wanli , Wang Yujian , Xu Jie , Pawlikowska Emilia , Szafran Mikołaj , Gao Feng 
Published: August 2019

Hollow sphere (Ba0.6 Sr0.4)TiO3 (HS‐BST) powders with sub‐micron size and different shell thickness were synthesised through template‐assisted method. HS‐BST/poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) composites were prepared using tape casting method. The effects of particle size and shell thickness of HS‐BST on the microstructure, dielectric tunability, and energy storage properties of HS‐BST/PVDF composites were investigated. Results showed that all HS‐BST particles were uniformly dispersed in PVDF matrix without agglomeration. With decreasing the size of HS‐BST particles, the dielectric constant and loss of HS‐BST/PVDF composites decreased, while the breakdown strength initially decreased and then increased. In addition, the theoretical model of the dielectric tunability of inorganic/organic system related to the shape factor (n) of inorganic particles was used to simulate and n value of 0‐dimensional spherical particles was estimated. For HS‐BST/PVDF composite, the n in the model was 2–2.5, corresponding to HS‐BST particles with a diameter ranging from 0.44 to 2.57 μm, and a shell thickness ranging from 40 to 500 nm.
Fast and quantitative measurement of pulse current using interferometry
Authors: Zhu Yueyue , Li Mengying , Zhao Yan , Xue Liang 
Published: August 2019

To perceive the advent of pulse current (PC) sensitively and evaluate the peak value accurately on a cost effective setup, an interferometric measurement is proposed first in this study. By extracting the phase information of the interference fringes effected by the PC quantitatively, the relative peak value of PC with random waveform is obtained in real time. Based on the theoretical analysis, the proposed method has been tested by the PC with the waveform of 8/20 μs and peak value of 3, 2.75 and 2.5 kA. The interferograms are collected online, and the phase recovery is completed in seconds. Repetitive experiments under the same conditions reveal the relationship between the peak value and the phase information, proving it a potential application to retrieve the PC peak value quantitatively in real time.
Microstrip antenna with L‐shaped slots for circularly polarised satellite applications
Authors: Abo El‐Hassan May , Hussein Khalid Fawzy A. , Awadalla Kamal H. 
Published: August 2019

A novel compact design of a circularly polarised corner‐slotted microstrip antenna for satellite and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) applications is presented. A single‐feed is used to excite a single‐square patch with two L‐shaped slots added at the upper right corner and at the opposite lower left corner (or at the other two corners) to achieve circular polarisation (CP) radiation. The proposed antenna has a simple shape, straightforward fabrication, and low cost. The impedance bandwidth (10 dB return loss) is ∼600 MHz at 8.1 GHz. An axial ratio bandwidth of 170 MHz is realised. The importance of the axial ratio 3 dB bandwidth is emphasised. In addition, an analysis for the direction of rotation of the CP is given. The experimental results have a reasonable agreement with the simulation.
Synthetic observations of dust emission and polarisation of Galactic cold clumps
Authors: Juvela Mika , Padoan Paolo , Ristorcelli Isabelle , Pelkonen Veli-Matti 
Published: August 2019

Context. The Planck Catalogue of Galactic Cold Clumps (PGCC) contains over 13 000 sources that are detected based on their cold dust signature. They are believed to consist of a mixture of quiescent, pre-stellar, and already star-forming objects within molecular clouds.
Aims. We extracted PGCC-type objects from cloud simulations and examined their physical and polarisation properties. The comparison with the PGCC catalogue helps to characterise the properties of this large sample of Galactic objects and, conversely, provides valuable tests for numerical simulations of large volumes of the interstellar medium and the evolution towards pre-stellar cores.
Methods. We used several magnetohydrodynamical simulation snapshots to define the density field of our model clouds. Sub-millimetre images of the surface brightness and polarised signal were obtained with radiative transfer calculations. We examined the statistics of synthetic cold clump catalogues extracted with methods similar to the PGCC. We also examined the variations of the polarisation fraction p in the clumps.
Results. The clump sizes, aspect ratios, and temperatures in the synthetic catalogue are similar to the PGCC. The fluxes and column densities of synthetic clumps are smaller by a factor of a few. Rather than with an increased dust opacity, this could be explained by increasing the average column density of the model by a factor of two to three, close to N(H2) = 1022 cm−2. When the line of sight is parallel to the mean magnetic field, the polarisation fraction tends to increase towards the clump centres, which is contrary to observations. When the field is perpendicular, the polarisation fraction tends to decrease towards the clumps, but the drop in p is small (e.g. from p ~8% to p ~7%).
Conclusions. Magnetic field geometry reduces the polarisation fraction in the simulated clumps by only Δp ~1% on average. The larger drop seen towards the actual PGCC clumps therefore suggests some loss of grain alignment in the dense medium, such as predicted by the radiative torque mechanism. The statistical study is not able to quantify dust opacity changes at the scale of the PGCC clumps.
Phenylethanoid glycosides from Paraboea martinii protect rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced cell injury
Authors: Gong Xue , Xu Yan , Ren Kai , Bai Xiaorong , Zhang Chunhong , Li Minhui 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
In this study, we isolated eight phenylethanoid glycosides from Paraboea martinii for the first time, and evaluated the mechanism underlying their neuroprotective effects against H2O2-induced injury in PC12 cells. The MTS method was utilized to screen the phenylethanoid glycosides for protective ability. Next, qRT-PCR and western blotting analysis were used to detect the transcription levels of HO-1 and GCLC, which are regulated by Nrf2. The inhibitor ZnPP was used to analyze the involvement of Nrf2 in HO-1 expression. Analyses showed that caleolarioside B, paraboside B, and paraboside II also upregulated the expression of HO-1, but showed no obvious effect on GCLC. Pretreatment with ZnPP significantly reduced the neuroprotective effects. Thus, phenylethanoid glycosides isolated from P. martinii protected PC12 cells from H2O2-induced damage by upregulating HO-1. The results provided evidence that P. martinii might be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Micro Methods for Megafauna: Novel Approaches to Late Quaternary Extinctions and Their Contributions to Faunal Conservation in the Anthropocene
Authors: Swift Jillian A , Bunce Michael , Dortch Joe , Douglass Kristina , Faith J Tyler , Fellows Yates James A , Field Judith , Haberle Simon G , Jacob Eileen , Johnson Chris N , Lindsey Emily , Lorenzen Eline D , Louys Julien , Miller Gifford , Mychajliw Alexis M , Slon Viviane , Villavicencio Natalia A , Waters Michael R , Welker Frido , Wood Rachel , Petraglia Michael , Boivin Nicole , Roberts Patrick 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDrivers of Late Quaternary megafaunal extinctions are relevant to modern conservation policy in a world of growing human population density, climate change, and faunal decline. Traditional debates tend toward global solutions, blaming either dramatic climate change or dispersals of Homo sapiens to new regions. Inherent limitations to archaeological and paleontological data sets often require reliance on scant, poorly resolved lines of evidence. However, recent developments in scientific technologies allow for more local, context-specific approaches. In the present article, we highlight how developments in five such methodologies (radiocarbon approaches, stable isotope analysis, ancient DNA, ancient proteomics, microscopy) have helped drive detailed analysis of specific megafaunal species, their particular ecological settings, and responses to new competitors or predators, climate change, and other external phenomena. The detailed case studies of faunal community composition, extinction chronologies, and demographic trends enabled by these methods examine megafaunal extinctions at scales appropriate for practical understanding of threats against particular species in their habitats today.
Processing automatic seismic event detections: an iterative sorting algorithm improving earthquake hypocentres using interevent cross-correlation
Authors: Wagner F , Tryggvason A , Roberts R , Gudmundsson Ó 
Published: August 2019

SUMMARYWe present an iterative classification scheme using interevent cross-correlation to update an existing earthquake catalogue with similar events from a list of automatic seismic event detections. The algorithm automatically produces catalogue quality events, with improved hypocentres and reliable P- and S-arrival time information.Detected events are classified into four event categories with the purpose of using the top category, with the highest assessed event quality and highest true-to-false ratio, directly for local earthquake tomography without additional manual analysis. The remaining categories have varying proportions of lower quality events, quality being defined primarily by the number of observed phase onsets, and can be viewed as different priority groups for manual inspection to reduce the time spent by a seismic analyst.A list of 3348 event detections from the geothermally active volcanic region around Hengill, southwest Iceland, produced by our migration and stack detector (Wagner et al. 2017), was processed using a reference catalogue of 1108 manually picked events from the same area.P- and S-phase onset times were automatically determined for the detected events using correlation time lags with respect to manually picked phase arrivals from different multiple reference events at the same station. A significant improvement of the initial hypocentre estimates was achieved after relocating the detected events using the computed phase onset times. The differential time data set resulting from the correlation was successfully used for a double-difference relocation of the final updated catalogue.The routine can potentially be implemented in real-time seismic monitoring environments in combination with a variety of seismic event/phase detectors.
Evaluating Efficacy, Safety, and Pharmacokinetics After Switching From Infliximab Originator to Biosimilar CT-P13: Experience From a Large Tertiary Referral Center
Authors: Bronswijk Michiel , Moens Annick , Lenfant Matthias , Tops Sophie , Compernolle Griet , Van Assche Gert , Vermeire Séverine , Gils Ann , Ferrante Marc 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
The use of infliximab biosimilar CT-P13 has increased in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Nevertheless, doubts about switching from infliximab originator to biosimilar still exist among patients and health care professionals.

Methods
Our tertiary referral center underwent a mandatory switch from infliximab originator to CT-P13 in 2017. We investigated pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of this switch. The primary endpoint was infliximab discontinuation within 6 months of switching. Secondary endpoints included loss of clinical remission, need for treatment optimization, adverse events, evolution of patient-reported outcome, C-reactive protein, infliximab trough levels, and antidrug-antibodies.

Results
A total of 361 patients (54.0% male, 70.0% Crohn’s disease, 55.6% in clinical remission) were enrolled. Infliximab discontinuation within 6 months was observed in 4%. Loss of clinical remission, adverse events, and antidrug-antibodies were identified in only 2.0%, 2.2%, and 1.1% of patients, respectively. C-reactive protein concentrations and infliximab trough levels remained stable. Independent factors associated with remission at 6 months were lower PRO2 at switch (HR 6.024; 95% CI, 4.878–8.000; P < 0.0001) and higher hemoglobin levels (HR 1.383; 95% CI, 1.044–2.299; P = 0.018).

Conclusions
Switching from infliximab originator to CT-P13 was not associated with an increased risk of treatment discontinuation, loss of clinical remission, or adverse events. No significant changes in infliximab trough levels or immunogenicity could be identified.
Nutrient content changes from steaming or soaking timothy-alfalfa hay: effects on feed preferences and acute glycemic response in Standardbred racehorses1
Authors: Owens Tiana G , Barnes Madeline , Gargano Vanessa M , Julien Louise , Mansilla Wilfredo D , Devries Trevor J , Mcbride Brian W , Merkies Katrina , Shoveller Anna K 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Soaking hay and steaming hay are strategies that are used to reduce respirable dust particles for horses but may result in variable nutrient losses, including nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) and minerals. Since these losses have not been quantified in Canadian hay yet, the first aim of this study was to identify nutrient losses from first-cut timothy-alfalfa hay grown in southern Ontario, Canada, after soaking for 30 min or steaming for 60 min. It is uncertain whether horses prefer hay when it is dry, soaked, or steamed. To address this, 13 Standardbred racehorses were offered 2 of these hays side by side for 30 min on 6 consecutive occasions until all possible combinations had been offered. Quantity of hay eaten was determined and horses were video recorded during feedings to assess time spent eating and investigating hay. Additionally, consumption of feeds with differing NSC levels has been observed to influence glycemic response in horses; however, this has not been measured in horses consuming steamed hay before and the results from soaked hay studies have been inconclusive. As such, the final aim of this study was to examine acute glycemic response in horses after being fed dry, soaked, and steamed hays. Blood glucose was measured every 30 min from 9 Standardbred racehorses for 6 h following a meal of 0.5% of their body weight of treatment hay on a dry matter basis (DMB). Soaked, but not steamed, hay had lower concentrations of soluble protein, NSC, and potassium in contrast to the same dry hay (P < 0.05). Peak glucose, average blood glucose, total area under the curve, and time to peak did not differ among treatments (P > 0.05). We conclude that acute glycemic response of racehorses was not influenced by soaking or steaming hay. Horses also consumed less soaked hay (DMB) than dry or steamed hay (P < 0.05) and spent less time eating soaked hay than dry or steamed hay (P < 0.05).
Histopathological Changes of Organs (Lungs, Liver, Kidney, and Brain) After Using Two Types of AgiCoat and Acticoat Nanosilver Dressings on Deep Second-Degree Burn in Rat
Authors: Karimi Hamid , Latifi Noor-Ahmad , Mehrjerdi Ali Zare , Jafarnejad Babak , Karimi Ali-Mohammad 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPrevention of infections is a very important issue in treating the burn wounds. The nanosilver dressings have many promising advantages, but absorption of silver ions and its adverse effects to the body were always a question. The aim of this study was to compare Silver serum levels and acute toxic effects of nanosilver on histopathology of organs (lungs, liver, kidney, spleen, and brain) in two types of AgiCoat and Acticoat (nanosilver) dressings on second-degree deep burn in rat. This is an experimental study conducted in our animal laboratory. We divided 24 Sprague–Dawley male rats weighing 300 to 350 randomly into two groups. After anesthesia, a second deep-degree burn was made over dorsal skins of rats by standard method. For group A, Agicoat and, for group B, Acticoat dressings were used. The dressings were changed every 3 days with AgiCoat and Acticoat, respectively. After 14 days, we got blood samples and tissue samples taken from heart, liver, kidneys, spleen, lungs, and brain and a sample from dorsal skin of the rat for histopathological examinations. The results showed that the levels of serum silver in both groups were significantly higher than the standard level (1.22 part per million (PM); AgiCoat, P = .017; Acticoat, P = .000), but there was no significant difference between the groups (P = .551). Examination of the relationship between the level of serum silver and histopathological changes in liver showed that hepatotoxicity of AgiCoat was higher compared with Acticoat and the difference was significant (P = .002). There were no pathological changes in brain, kidneys, spleen, heart, and lungs. Wound healing was faster in Acticoat group. The nanosilver dressings can cause toxicity in liver but not in kidney, brain, spleen, heart, and lungs. Liver pathology and hepatotoxicity were more prominent in AgiCoat group. Wound healing was faster in Acticoat group.
A Review of the Most Impactful Published Pharmacotherapy-Pertinent Literature of 2017 and 2018 for Clinicians Caring for Patients with Burn or Inhalation Injuries
Authors: Hill David M , Pape Kate O , Zavala Sarah , Boyd Allison N , Gayed Rita M , Reger Melissa , Adams Beatrice , Voycik Meaghan , Carter Kristen E , Quan Asia , Jones Kendrea M , Walroth Todd A 
Published: August 2019

AbstractStaying current and evaluating literature related to pharmacotherapy in burn or inhalation injury can be difficult as burn care teams are multidisciplinary and pertinent content can be spread across a plethora of journals. The goal of this review is to critically evaluate recently published pharmacotherapy-pertinent literature, assist practitioners staying current, and better identify potential future research targets. Twelve board-certified clinical pharmacists with experience caring for patients with burn and inhalation injuries reviewed and graded scientific literature published in 2017 and 2018. An MeSH-based search revealed 1158 articles related to burns, which were published during the 2-year period. One-hundred fifty one were determined to be potentially related to pharmacotherapy. After exclusions, only 82 (7%) remained for scoring, and the top 10 comprehensively presented. More than half of the reviewed manuscripts were assessed as lacking a significant impact on pharmacotherapy. There is a need for higher impact literature to support pharmacotherapy-pertinent treatment of such complex patients.
Toronto Workshop on Late Recurrence in Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer: Part 2: Approaches to Predict and Identify Late Recurrence, Research Directions
Authors: Dowling Ryan J O , Sparano Joseph A , Goodwin Pamela J , Bidard Francois-Clement , Cescon David W , Chandarlapaty Sarat , Deasy Joseph O , Dowsett Mitch , Gray Robert J , Henry N Lynn , Meric-Bernstam Funda , Perlmutter Jane , Sledge George W , Thorat Mangesh A , Bratman Scott V , Carey Lisa A , Chang Martin C , DeMichele Angela , Ennis Marguerite , Jerzak Katarzyna J , Korde Larissa A , Lohmann Ana Elisa , Mamounas Eleftherios P , Parulekar Wendy R , Regan Meredith M , Schramek Daniel , Stambolic Vuk , Whelan Timothy J , Wolff Antonio C , Woodgett Jim R , Kalinsky Kevin , Hayes Daniel F 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Late disease recurrence (more than 5 years after initial diagnosis) represents a clinical challenge in the treatment and management of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer (BC). An international workshop was convened in Toronto, Canada, in February 2018 to review the current understanding of late recurrence and to identify critical issues that require future study. The underlying biological causes of late recurrence are complex, with the processes governing cancer cell dormancy, including immunosurveillance, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and cellular stemness, being integral to disease progression. These critical processes are described herein as well as their role in influencing risk of recurrence. Moreover, observational and interventional clinical trials are proposed, with a focus on methods to identify patients at risk of recurrence and possible strategies to combat this in patients with estrogen receptor-positive BC. Because the problem of late BC recurrence of great importance, recent advances in disease detection and patient monitoring should be incorporated into novel clinical trials to evaluate approaches to enhance patient management. Indeed, future research on these issues is planned and will offer new options for effective late recurrence treatment and prevention strategies.
Simulation Modeling to Extend Clinical Trials of Adjuvant Chemotherapy Guided by a 21-Gene Expression Assay in Early Breast Cancer
Authors: Jayasekera Jinani , Sparano Joseph A , Gray Robert , Isaacs Claudine , Kurian Allison , O’Neill Suzanne , Schechter Clyde B , Mandelblatt Jeanne 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Purpose
The Trial Assigning Individualized Options for Treatment (TAILORx) found chemotherapy could be omitted in many women with hormone receptor–positive, HER2-negative, node-negative breast cancer and 21-gene recurrence scores (RS) 11–25, but left unanswered questions. We used simulation modeling to fill these gaps.

Methods
We simulated women eligible for TAILORx using joint distributions of patient and tumor characteristics and RS from TAILORx data; treatment effects by RS from other trials; and competing mortality from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program database. The model simulations replicated TAILORx design, and then tested treatment effects on 9-year distant recurrence-free survival (DRFS) in 14 new scenarios: eight subgroups defined by age (≤50 and &gt;50 years) and 21-gene RS (11–25/16–25/16–20/21–25); six different RS cut points among women ages 18–75 years (16–25, 16–20, 21–25, 26–30, 26–100); and 20-year follow-up. Mean hazard ratios SD, and DRFS rates are reported from 1000 simulations.

Results
The simulation results closely replicated TAILORx findings, with 75% of simulated trials showing noninferiority for chemotherapy omission. There was a mean DRFS hazard ratio of 1.79 (0.94) for endocrine vs chemoendocrine therapy among women ages 50 years and younger with RS 16–25; the DFRS rates were 91.6% (0.04) for endocrine and 94.8% (0.01) for chemoendocrine therapy. When treatment was randomly assigned among women ages 18–75 years with RS 26–30, the mean DRFS hazard ratio for endocrine vs chemoendocrine therapy was 1.60 (0.83). The conclusions were unchanged at 20-year follow-up.

Conclusions
Our results confirmed a small benefit in chemotherapy among women aged 50 years and younger with RS 16–25. Simulation modeling is useful to extend clinical trials, indicate how uncertainty might affect results, and power decision tools to support broader practice discussions.
On Parfit’s Wide Dual Person-Affecting Principle
Authors: Masny Michal 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In the posthumously published ‘Future People, the Non-Identity Problem, and Person-Affecting Principles’ (2017), Derek Parfit presents a novel axiological principle which he calls the Wide Dual Person-Affecting Principle and claims that it does not imply the Repugnant Conclusion. This paper shows that even the best version of Parfit's principle cannot avoid this conclusion. That said, accepting such a principle makes embracing the Repugnant Conclusion more justifiable. This paper further addresses important questions which Parfit left unanswered concerning: the relative importance of individual and collective goodness, comparisons involving unequal outcomes, how to understand individual goodness, and whether incomparability at the level of individual goodness implies incomparability at the level of overall goodness.