bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between FTO gene polymorphism and excess body weight in women from before to after pregnancy: A cohort study
Authors: Kroll Caroline , de França Paulo Henrique Condeixa , Mastroeni Marco Fabio 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine the influence of the FTO‐rs9939609 polymorphism on excess body weight in women during the reproductive transition from pre‐ to post‐pregnancy.MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study covering a period extending from before pregnancy to 2 and 4 years after pregnancy. A total of 435 women were first included in the study and, at last follow‐up, 220 of them continued to participate in the study. The FTO‐rs9939609 polymorphism was analyzed by the polymerase chain reaction/ restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR/RFLP) method.ResultsThe FTO‐rs9939609 polymorphism was associated with increasing weight and body mass index (BMI) during the follow‐up period. Women carrying at least 1 risk allele (A) were significantly heavier (P < .05, up to 4.24 kg) and had a 1.30 kg/m2 higher BMI. Although the AA genotype was significantly associated with a greater risk compared to the wild‐type genotype in the cross‐sectional analysis, the results did not differ significantly in the longitudinal analysis (AA genotype, β = 1.20, 95% CI 0.85‐1.68), even after adjustment for pre‐pregnancy age, smoking before pregnancy, parity at pregnancy, and gestational weight gain.ConclusionsThe FTO‐rs9939609 polymorphism was associated with increased weight and BMI in mothers before and after pregnancy. However, we found no significant effect of the polymorphism on excess body weight of women during the reproductive trajectory.
Intergenerational changes in limb circumferences in children and adolescents aged 3‐18 from Kraków (Poland) from 1983 to 2010
Authors: Kryst Łukasz , Woronkowicz Agnieszka , Kowal Małgorzata , Sobiecki Jan 
Published: August 2018

ObjectivesMeasurements of body circumferences are often used in anthropology. The research on this topic, however, rarely concerns limb girths or secular trends. The main aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of secular trends in selected limb circumferences among children and adolescents.MethodsThe research was based on measurements from two cross‐sectional studies carried out in 1983 and 2010 with children and adolescents aged 3‐18 from Krakow, Poland. The circumferences of the arm, forearm, thigh and calf, as well as the sum of circumferences and selected indicators, were analyzed. The series were compared using the two‐way anova test.ResultsIn most age groups of both sexes, a positive secular trend was observed for the majority of studied traits. The exception was the thigh circumference, for which, among girls, measurements in both series were similar, and negative intergenerational changes were recorded in the youngest age groups of both sexes as well as among the oldest girls. Most observed discrepancies were statistically significant in pre‐school children and adolescents.ConclusionsThe presence of positive secular trends shows that limb circumferences were increasing in subsequent generations, especially in boys. Contemporary girls, particularly in the older age groups, were more determined to have a slim figure and practiced conscious weight control. Summarizing, observed tendencies resulted from the improvement of socio‐economic conditions, but were also related to the low level of physical activity.
Organic Phototransistors Based on Self‐Assembled Microwires of n‐Type Distyrylbenzene Derivative
Authors: Lee Yoon Ho , Shin Dong‐Seon , Kim Dong Yeong , Nam Dongsik , Choe Wonyoung , Hong Sung You , Oh Joon Hak 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMolecular design and crystallinity control are important issues for the development of high‐performance organic optoelectronic devices. Here, a highly photo‐responsive n‐type organic small molecular semiconductor, (2Z,2′Z)‐3,3′‐(2,5‐dimethoxy‐1,4‐phenylene)bis(2‐(3,5‐bis(trifluoro‐methyl)phenyl)acrylonitrile) (DM‐R), was synthesized and the photoelectronic properties of self‐assembled DM‐R microwire organic phototransistors (MW‐OPTs) were studied. Significant enhancement in the electron mobility (μe) of MW‐OPTs (μe: 0.16 cm2 V−1 s−1) was observed as compared to thin‐film‐OPTs (μe: 2.7×10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1), most likely due to the single‐crystalline nature of the self‐assembled MWs. Moreover, the photoresponsivity of MW‐OPTs showed 23.53 (A W−1), which was 130 times higher than that of thin‐film OPTs (0.18 A W−1). Furthermore, the MW‐OPTs exhibited stable photoswitching properties and a faster charge accumulation/release rate than those of thin‐film OPTs. The results obtained herein demonstrate a facile solution‐based approach for the fabrication of high‐performance n‐type organic MW‐OPTs and provide a systematic analysis platform of the photo‐generated charge carrier dynamics.
Brief communication: Test of a method to identify double‐zonal osteon in polarized light microscopy
Authors: Raguin Emeline , Streeter Margaret A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectivesDouble‐zonal osteons (DZ) have been of interest in paleopathological research because they might be linked to physiological pathology. DZ are thought to be evidence of arrested osteon formation with a brief but abrupt increase in mineralization of lamellae occurring during bone remodeling. Originally identified from microradiographs as hypermineralized rings, recent studies have identified DZ from linear polarized light microscopy (PLM). However, PLM does not guarantee the adequate detection of DZ since PLM captures bone birefringence and not hyper‐mineralization. Scanning electron microscopy with backscatter electrons (BSE‐SEM) allows observation of DZ by detecting differences in mineralization. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether DZ, as identified by BSE‐SEM, can indeed be identified with PLM.Materials and methodsThe sample consists of an archaeological collection of adult midshaft femurs (n = 30) from St. Matthew cemetery, Quebec City (1771–1860). DZ were identified and counted independently with PLM and BSE‐SEM for the same sections. Results from both methods were compared.ResultsChi‐square test shows that there was no significant difference between the two methods (p = 0.404). No significant bias was found on Bland‐Altman analysis and Cohen's kappa shows a substantial agreement between the two methods (Κ = 0.66). PLM shows a good accuracy (sensitivity 79%, specificity 99.4%) and reliability (Positive Predictive Value: 86.71%; Negative Predictive Value: 99.45%).DiscussionThese findings indicate that the two methods are interchangeable. PLM, using our proposed protocol, is reliable to accurately identify DZ. We discuss how PLM and BSE‐SEM that measure different features of the bone tissue can converge on the identification of DZ.
Technical note: The use of 3D printing in dental anthropology collections
Authors: Fiorenza Luca , Yong Robin , Ranjitkar Sarbin , Hughes Toby , Quayle Michelle , McMenamin Paul G. , Kaidonis John , Townsend Grant C. , Adams Justin W. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectivesRapid prototyping (RP) technology is becoming more affordable, faster, and is now capable of building models with a high resolution and accuracy. Due to technological limitations, 3D printing in biological anthropology has been mostly limited to museum displays and forensic reconstructions. In this study, we compared the accuracy of different 3D printers to establish whether RP can be used effectively to reproduce anthropological dental collections, potentially replacing access to oftentimes fragile and irreplaceable original material.MethodsWe digitized specimens from the Yuendumu collection of Australian Aboriginal dental casts using a high‐resolution white‐light scanning system and reproduced them using four different 3D printing technologies: stereolithography (SLA); fused deposition modeling (FDM); binder‐jetting; and material‐jetting. We compared the deviations between the original 3D surface models with 3D print scans using color maps generated from a 3D metric deviation analysis.ResultsThe 3D printed models reproduced both the detail and discrete morphology of the scanned dental casts. The results of the metric deviation analysis demonstrate that all 3D print models were accurate, with only a few small areas of high deviations. The material‐jetting and SLA printers were found to perform better than the other two printing machines.ConclusionsThe quality of current commercial 3D printers has reached a good level of accuracy and detail reproduction. However, the costs and printing times limit its application to produce large sample numbers for use in most anthropological studies. Nonetheless, RP offers a viable option to preserve numerically constraint fragile skeletal and dental material in paleoanthropological collections.
PNA‐Hybridsequenzen als Erkennungseinheiten in SNARE‐Protein‐analogen Peptiden
Authors: Hubrich Barbara E. , Kumar Pawan , Neitz Hermann , Grunwald Matthias , Grothe Tobias , Walla Peter Jomo , Jahn Reinhard , Diederichsen Ulf 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDie Fusion von Membranen ist ein grundlegender Prozess in der Natur, der oft durch die spezifische Interaktion von SNARE‐Proteinen herbeigeführt wird. SNARE‐Modellsysteme, in denen die SNARE‐Domänen durch kleine artifizielle Einheiten ersetzt sind, stellen wertvolle Werkzeuge dar, um die Membranfusion in vitro zu untersuchen. Hier werden Synthese und Analyse von SNARE‐Modellpeptiden vorgestellt, die eine aus zwei unterschiedlichen Peptidnukleinsäure(PNA)‐Topologien zusammengesetzte Erkennungseinheit besitzen. Diese neuartige Erkennungseinheit wurde entwickelt, um den Reißverschluss‐Mechanismus der SNARE‐Proteine nachzustellen, der für die Einleitung der SNARE‐Protein vermittelten Membranfusion verantwortlich gemacht wird. Die Erkennungseinheit besteht aus N‐(2‐Aminoethyl)glycin‐PNA (Aeg‐PNA) und Alanyl‐PNA, die beide ihren entsprechend komplementären Strang erkennen können, allerdings unterschiedliche Duplextopologien und Duplexbildungskinetiken aufweisen. Neben der Charakterisierung der Duplexbildung der PNA‐Hybridoligomere wird auch die Fusogenität der Modellpeptide anhand von Lipidmischungsexperimenten untersucht und es wird gezeigt, dass die Modellpeptide Fusion induzieren. Unerwartet war, dass Peptide mit einer Erkennungseinheit von nur fünf Aeg‐PNA‐Einheiten bereits die Fusion von Liposomen induzieren und sich dabei bislang sogar als am effizientesten erwiesen haben.
Infinite Ansammlungen gefalteter Proteine im Kontext von Evolution, Krankheiten und Proteinentwicklung
Authors: Garcia‐Seisdedos Hector , Villegas José A. , Levy Emmanuel D. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMutationen und Veränderungen in der Umgebung eines Proteins sind bekannt dafür, potenziell Fehlfaltungen und Aggregation wie Amyloidbildung zu verursachen. Derartige Einflüsse können allerdings auch neue Interaktionen bewirken, die zur Polymerisation gefalteter Proteine führen. Im Unterschied zur Aggregation können solche Vorgänge aber auch ohne Fehlfaltungen ablaufen. Um diesen Unterschied hervorzuheben, bezeichnen wir sie als Agglomeration. Dieser Begriff umfasst die amorphe Zusammenlagerung gefalteter Proteine wie auch deren ein‐, zwei‐ und dreidimensionale Polymerisation. Wir möchten auf die bemerkenswerte Fähigkeit symmetrischer Homooligomere hinweisen, sogar infolge einzelner Oberflächenmutationen zu agglomerieren. Wir erörtern des Weiteren die ambivalente Natur dieser Eigenschaft: Durch Agglomeration entstandene anomale Ansammlungen können einerseits zum Entstehen von Krankheiten beitragen, sind aber andererseits auch für die zelluläre Anpassung verantwortlich und können zudem für das zielgerichtete Design neuer Biomaterialien genutzt werden.
Selektive Aktivierung der humanen caseinolytischen Protease P (ClpP)
Authors: Stahl Matthias , Korotkov Vadim S. , Balogh Dóra , Kick Leonhard M. , Gersch Malte , Pahl Axel , Kielkowski Pavel , Richter Klaus , Schneider Sabine , Sieber Stephan A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDie caseinolytische Protease P (ClpP) ist die proteolytische Komponente des Protein‐Abbau‐Komplexes ClpXP. Ihre genaue Funktion und Regulation sind größtenteils unerforscht. Hier stellen wir eine niedermolekulare Verbindung (D9) vor, die durch Nachahmung des natürlichen Chaperons ClpX als potenter und Spezies‐selektiver Aktivator der humanen ClpP (hClpP) wirkt. Struktur‐Aktivitäts‐Studien hoben die Wichtigkeit eines halogenierten Benzyl‐Motivs innerhalb von D9 hervor. Dieses interagiert mit einem einzigartigen aromatischen Aminosäure‐Netzwerk in hClpP. Mutations‐ und Strukturstudien legen nahe, dass dieses sogenannte YYW‐Motiv die hClpP‐Aktivität streng kontrolliert und den Substratumsatz durch Interaktion mit passenden Liganden reguliert. Ferner ist dieses Motiv besonders für ClpP höherer Organismen charakteristisch und existiert nicht in getesteten bakteriellen Homologen. Dies erlaubt eine Spezies‐selektive Analyse, womit D9 ein vielseitiges Werkzeug für die Untersuchung von mechanistischen Eigenschaften der hClpP werden kann.
Can a Ketone Be More Reactive than an Aldehyde? Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Substituted Tetrahydrofurans
Authors: Lee Sunggi , Bae Han Yong , List Benjamin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractO‐heterocycles bearing tetrasubstituted stereogenic centers are prepared via catalytic chemo‐ and enantioselective nucleophilic additions to ketoaldehydes, in which the ketone reacts preferentially over the aldehyde. Five‐ and six‐membered rings with both aromatic and aliphatic substituents, as well as an alkynyl substituent, are obtained. Moreover, 2,2,5‐trisubstituted and 2,2,5,5‐tetrasubstituted tetrahydrofurans are synthesized with excellent stereoselectivities. Additionally, the synthetic utility of the described method is demonstrated with a three‐step synthesis of the side chain of anhydroharringtonine.
Selective Activation of Human Caseinolytic Protease P (ClpP)
Authors: Stahl Matthias , Korotkov Vadim S. , Balogh Dóra , Kick Leonhard M. , Gersch Malte , Pahl Axel , Kielkowski Pavel , Richter Klaus , Schneider Sabine , Sieber Stephan A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCaseinolytic protease P (ClpP) is the proteolytic component of the ClpXP protein degradation complex. Eukaryotic ClpP was recently found to act within the mitochondria‐specific unfolded protein response (UPRmt). However, its detailed function and dedicated regulation remain largely unexplored. A small molecule (D9) acts as a potent and species‐selective activator of human ClpP (hClpP) by mimicking the natural chaperone ClpX. Structure–activity relationship studies highlight the importance of a halogenated benzyl motif within D9 that interacts with a unique aromatic amino acid network in hClpP. Mutational and structural studies suggest that this YYW motif tightly controls hClpP activity and regulates substrate turnover by interaction with cognate ligands. This signature motif is unique to ClpP from higher organisms and does not exist in tested bacterial homologues, allowing a species‐selective analysis. Thus, D9 is a versatile tool to analyze mechanistic features of hClpP.
Study of low‐cost and high‐performance biomass activated carbon for phenol removal from wastewater: Kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics
Authors: Li Xiaolei , Guo Feiqiang , Jiang Xiaochen , Zhao Xingmin , Peng Kuangye , Guo Chenglong 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this study, biomass activated carbon (AC) has been prepared by CO2 activation from pine sawdust, and its ability to extract a model compound (phenol) from solutions was studied to estimate its purifying capacity on wastewater. Ninety minutes and 800 °C were selected as the proper conditions on account of both good pore distribution and feasible yield. Thermogravimetric analysis, N2 adsorption/desorption, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X‐ray diffractometer analyses were used to characterize the surface and textural properties. The contributions of CO2 activation to the evolution of porous structures, especially to the formation of micropores, were originated from the reaction of CO2–C at above 800 °C and the oxidizing effect on the residual volatiles after carbonization to reopen the blocked pores. The best fitted pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model, Langmuir and Temkin isotherm models, suggested that chemisorption might be the rate‐limiting step of the homogeneous and monolayer adsorption process. The diffusion of phenol into PS‐800‐90 was mainly controlled by film diffusion and intraparticle diffusion. The maximum monolayer capacity (qm) of PS‐800‐90 obtained by Langmuir model was 161.03 mg/g at 298 K. Spontaneous (ΔGo < 0) and exothermic (ΔHo < 0) nature of the adsorption process was obtained through thermodynamic study, indicating that the increase of temperature was unfavorable to adsorption. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis of the fresh and spent AC coupled with pH experiments revealed that the main adsorption could be originated from H‐bonding and π–π stacking interactions between AC and phenol. The adherence of phenol on the surface of AC was also proved by SEM‐Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS) results.
Thermodynamic analysis of a mechanical vapor recompression evaporation system coupled with crystalization for salt separation
Authors: Kang Ruo‐Yu , Yan Jian‐Min , Xiao Wen‐De 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCurrently, the mechanical vapor recompression (MVR) system is extensively used for single salt separation, but the relevant research on mixed salt system treatment is still in initial stage. As a very common salt solution system, sodium chloride–potassium chloride–water system can be readily found in many processes. It is no doubt of great significance to separate their crystals from the mixed solution in an efficient and environmentally friendly way. Therefore, with the aid of Aspen Plus software, this study aims to design an MVR evaporation system capable of treating sodium chloride–potassium chloride–water system. Subsequently, the analysis about the start‐up schemes and some influencing factors in the steady‐state operation are carried out, so as to provide some guidance and reference for the future technical route to separate mixed salt system with low energy consumption.
Thermal, dielectric, and mechanical properties of h‐BN‐filled PTFE composites
Authors: Zimmermann‐Ptacek Johanna , Muggli Mark , Wildhack Stefanie , Hintzer Klaus , Gerdes Thorsten , Willert‐Porada Monika , Moos Ralf 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTIn order to obtain materials for improved printed circuit boards (PCBs) with high thermal conductivity and low dielectric losses, hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) was incorporated into a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) matrix. The filler loading in the composite was varied up to a filler volume content of 50%. Thermal conductivity and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) were investigated with respect to filler orientation. Further dielectric and mechanical properties were investigated. The incorporation of h‐BN improved the heat transport significantly, while the loss factor decreased. Fillers with a higher aspect ratio have a greater effect on increasing thermal conductivity. For a filler volume loading of 30%, the in‐plane thermal conductivity was up to 14 times higher than the thermal conductivity of the matrix, while the loss factor decreased slightly. The permittivity increased with the increasing filler volume content, while the CTE also decreased. Though the filler affects the mechanical properties negatively, 40% of the tensile strength could be maintained if a filler volume content of 30% is not exceeded. Such compositions may be used as raw materials for future printed circuit boards. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46859.
Operational maps between molecular properties and environmental stress cracking resistance
Authors: Sardashti P. , Stewart K. M. E. , Polak M. , Tzoganakis C. , Penlidis A. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTEnvironmental stress cracking (ESC) is one of the main failure mechanisms involved in polymer fractures. This work focuses on the ESC resistance (ESCR) of polyethylene (PE) in which ESC occurs through a slow crack growth mechanism. To predict the ESCR of PE, it is necessary to fully understand the molecular structure of the resin. This work demonstrates the relationships between molecular structure characteristics and material responses based on experimental characterization and published literature trends. Relationships between ESCR, molecular weight, percentage crystallinity, and density were used to create ESCR and molecular structure maps, which can be used to improve the development of PE resins with a desirable (better/higher) ESCR. These maps along with a logical flow chart offer practical prescriptions and describe pathways toward the development of PE with a desirable ESCR. In addition, this work presents case studies that demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47006.
mPEG–NHS carbonates: Effect of alkyl spacers on the reactivity: Kinetic and mechanistic insights
Authors: Vaillard Victoria A. , Menegon Malen , Neuman Nicolás I. , Vaillard Santiago E. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTNowadays, the chemical conjugation to mPEG, also known as PEGylation, is a well‐recognized technology used to improve the pharmaceutical properties of the therapeutic proteins. Over the last 20 years, more than 10 PEGylated macromolecules reached the market with tremendous success, whereas various other bioconjugates are under advanced clinical trials. mPEG–N‐hydroxysuccinimidyl carbonate is an important reagent of widespread application for the PEGylation of biomacromolecules. One of the most important challenges in this technology is the development of more selective PEGylation reagents aimed to provide more consistent polymer–protein conjugates. One approach followed to improve the selectivity of PEGylation reagents is the design of less reactive derivatives, for example, by incorporation of alkyl spacers between the polymer chain and the terminal reactive group. In this work, we prepared a family of mPEG–N‐hydroxysuccinimidyl carbonates bearing spacers of up to 6 carbon atoms. The kinetics of hydrolysis of the carbonates was studied under different experimental conditions, as a straight measure of the influence of the length of the spacer on the reactivity. By DFT calculations, we propose a detailed mechanism for the hydrolysis reaction. The influence of the length of alkyl spacer on the reactivity of the carbonates and related esters is studied and discussed in detail. Finally, to further evaluate the reactivity, selected N‐hydroxysuccinimidyl carbonates were studied in the conjugation reaction of bovine lactoferrin. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47028.
SSR markers for Filago subg. Filago (Gnaphalieae: Asteraceae) and cross‐amplification in three other subgenera
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Larruscain David , Malvar Ferreras Teresa , Martínez‐Ortega M. Montserrat , Rico Enrique , Andrés‐Sánchez Santiago 
Published: August 2018

Premise of the StudyMicrosatellite primers were developed for the first time in the genus Filago (Gnaphalieae: Asteraceae). These markers will facilitate low‐scale phylogenetic, phylogeographic, and population genetic studies within the genus Filago.Methods and ResultsTen pairs of polymorphic microsatellite primers (as well as five pairs of monomorphic primers) were identified and optimized on two species of Filago (F. gaditana and F. carpetana) using a microsatellite‐enrichment library method and 454 GS‐FLX technique. The polymorphic primers amplified tri‐ to hexanucleotide repeats and showed one to six alleles per locus for both species. Transferability was performed in 29 samples corresponding to nine representative species of Filago.ConclusionsThe results indicate the utility of the newly developed markers, which will be useful to delve into the phylogenetic relationships among the taxa within Filago. These microsatellites will enable studies of phylogeographic, reproductive, and genetic variation.