bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Should We Operate on Octogenarians with Cervical Myelopathy or Radiculopathy?
Authors: Zakieh Omar , Jawid Maryam , Bowers Mitchell , Young Mason , Zuckerman Scott L. , Lugo-Pico Julian G. , Gardocki Raymond J. , Abtahi Amir M. , Stephens Byron F. 
Published: December 2024

Study Design.
Retrospective Cohort

Objective.
Investigate the disparities between octogenarians and non-octogenarians undergoing cervical spine surgery regarding perioperative, and postoperative outcomes.

Summary of Background Data.
As the population ages, the demand for elective cervical spine surgery among older, more active adults increases. However, concerns remain regarding the optimal management of older patients undergoing cervical surgery, given the potential complexities associated with advanced age, comorbidities, and physiological decline. While the safety and efficacy of cervical spine surgery in younger cohorts have been extensively studied, there is a paucity of literature specifically addressing outcomes in octogenarians.

Methods.
Octogenarians undergoing elective cervical spine surgery were propensity matched 3:1 to patients <80 years old by baseline neck and arm pain, surgical approach, and total instrumented levels. Primary outcomes of interest were postoperative complications, unexpected 90-day hospital readmissions and 12-month reoperation. Secondary outcomes were 12-month patient satisfaction and patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) at 3 and 12 months, including EuroQol-5D, modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association, neck disability index, and visual analog scale for neck and arm pain.

Results.
There were 29 octogenarians and 87 nonoctogenarians identified. The mean age in each cohort was 82.4±2.2 vs. 59.1±11.1 years, respectively. There was no difference in postoperative complications (10.3% vs. 6.9%, P=0.548), 90-day readmission (10.3% vs. 6.9%, P=0.548), and 12-month reoperation (3.4% vs. 2.3%, P=0.736) between octogenarians and non-octogenarians. Similarly, octogenarians and nonoctogenarians experienced comparable 12-month patient satisfaction (65.2% vs. 55.3%, P=0.393), improvement in 3- and 12- month PROMs and MCID achievement.

Conclusion.
Postoperative complications, readmission, reoperation rate, patient satisfaction, and PROMs did not significantly differ between octogenarians and non-octogenarians undergoing cervical spine surgery. These findings suggest that age alone should not be a determining factor in surgical decision-making for elective cervical spine procedures, as octogenarians can achieve comparable outcomes to their younger counterparts.
Supplemental n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: Clinical implications and best practices for adult patients with cancer
Authors: Yang Jing-Shu , Wang Hai-Yan , Zhang Xin-Ting , Wang Song-Yu , Duan Xiao-Tian , Zhao Quan-Tong , Wang Ran , Wang Yao , Cao Hong-Shi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
The purpose of this report is to summarize the evidence supporting supplementation of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) in adult cancer patients, and to offer a better understanding of the appropriate use of n-3 PUFAs in the clinical setting.

Methods
Numerous databases were searched for guidelines, clinical decision-making documents, systematic reviews, expert consensus statements, and best evidence summaries about the use of n-3 PUFAs in cancer patients from the inception of the database to December 31, 2023. Evidence grading and recommendation rating were conducted. The data extracted included the timing of supplementation, symptom management, disease prevention, cost-effectiveness, route of administration, application scenarios, dosage, and safety.

Results
The collected data show that n-3 PUFAs are safe for patients receiving chemotherapy who are at risk of malnutrition and cachexia. Moreover, n-3 PUFA supplementation can alleviate the adverse symptoms associated with chemotherapy, extend survival, and improve the quality of life of patients with cancer.

Conclusions
The administration of supplementary n-3 PUFAs should be considered based on the patient’s disease stage, treatment plan, nutritional status, and tolerance, as well as the dosage, route and application scenarios. Promoting the clinical use of n-3 PUFAs may improve the outcomes for patients with cancer.
Infliximab Trough Levels Are Associated With Endoscopic Remission in Small Bowel Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Han Wei , Bai Bingqing , Wang Yuqing , Hu Jing , Wu Juan , Liu Qiuyuan , Shi Yongrong , Mei Qiao 
Published: December 2024

Goals:
To identify the association between infliximab trough levels (ITL) and treatment outcomes in small bowel Crohn’s disease (SB-CD)

Background:
Higher ITL are associated with favorable treatment outcomes in CD. However, the association between ITL and SB-CD treatment outcomes are rarely studied.

Study:
This was a retrospective cross-sectional study. Patients with SB-CD who received maintenance infliximab therapy were recruited, and treatment efficacy was evaluated through double balloon endoscopy. Serum samples were collected to test ITL. The primary outcome was endoscopic remission (ER), which is defined as a Simple Endoscopic Score of Crohn’s disease (SES-CD) of <3. The secondary outcome was mucosal healing (MH) (SES-CD: 0) and endoscopic response (SES-CD decreased by 50% from baseline). The factors associated with ER were also explored through logistic regression analysis.

Results:
In total, 111 patients with SB-CD were enrolled. Forty-seven patients (42.3%) achieved ER. Median ITL was significantly higher in patients with ER than patients without ER (2.74 vs. 1.12 µg/mL, P<0.01). In a multivariate model, an elevated ITL was the only independent factor associated with an increased probability of ER [odds ratio (OR): 1.24, 95% CI: 1.08-1.43, P=0.003]. The cutoff level of ITL used to predict ER with a specificity of >80% was 3.45 µg/mL, and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.790. Meanwhile, the AUC cutoff to predict MH and endoscopic responses was 0.767 and 0.759, respectively.

Conclusions:
There was a significant association between higher ITL and favorable SB-CD treatment outcomes.
Brief Report: New HIV Diagnoses in PrEP-Experienced and PrEP-Naive Persons in the ICONA Cohort
Authors: Taramasso Lucia , Rossotti Roberto , Tavelli Alessandro , Santoro Maria M. , Mazzotta Valentina , Bandera Alessandra , D'Ettorre Gabriella , Milano Eugenio , Pellicano Giovanni Francesco , Baiguera Chiara , Bruzzesi Elena , D'Arminio Monforte Antonella , Antinori Andrea , Nozza Silvia ,   for the ICONA Foundation Study Group
Published: December 2024

Background:
The best therapeutic management for people with HIV (PWH) who have a history of preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is still debated.

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to describe recent HIV infections in PrEP users compared with people never exposed to PrEP.

Methods:
Multicentre retrospective analysis evaluating all recent HIV infections from 2018 to 2021 within the Italian Cohort Naive Antiretrovirals. PWH, PrEP experienced or not, were compared using χ2 test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. A mixed linear model was used to estimate the change of the estimated mean HIV-RNA in the first year after ART initiation, according to PrEP exposure.

Results:
Fifty-one recent HIV diagnoses were identified, 9 in PrEP-experienced people, with an increasing temporal trend over the study period. Clinicians often initiated four-drug ART or NRTI-avoiding regimens in PrEP-experienced individuals, but this approach did not result in better viral decay or faster virologic suppression compared with traditional three-drug regimens. All achieved viral suppression during follow-up, within a median of 5.1 (IQR, 3.2–8.7) months in PWH never exposed to PrEP and 5.2 (IQR 3.2–9.4) months in PrEP-experienced PWH (P = 0.937). M184I/V was the most common mutation in PrEP-experienced individuals (37.5%).

Conclusions:
An increasing number of people newly diagnosed with HIV report previous use of PrEP. All PrEP-experienced PWH in ICONA cohort have achieved rapid virologic suppression, even in cases with the presence of transmitted viral mutations.
Relevance of Prostatic Fluid on the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient
Authors: Skwierawska Dominika , Bickelhaupt Sebastian , Bachl Maximilian , Janka Rolf , Murr Martina , Gloger Felix , Kuder Tristan A. , Zaiss Moritz , Hadler Dominique , Uder Michael , Laun Frederik B. 
Published: December 2024

Objectives
Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is pivotal for prostate magnetic resonance imaging. This is rooted in the generally reduced apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) observed in prostate cancer in comparison to healthy prostate tissue. This difference originates from microstructural tissue composition changes, including a potentially decreased fluid-containing lumen volume. This study explored the nature of the observed ADC contrast in prostate tissue through inversion recovery–prepared DWI examinations that generated varying levels of fluid suppression.

Materials and Methods
This institutional review board–approved, single-center, prospective study was conducted from 2023 to 2024; all participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging including DWI with b-values of 50 and 800 s/mm2 at 16 inversion times (TI; 60–4000 milliseconds). The measured ADC was interpreted with a 2-compartment model (compartments: tissue and fluid). Descriptive statistics were computed for all analyzed parameters.

Results
Twelve healthy male volunteers (45 ± 17 years) and 1 patient with prostate adenocarcinoma (66 years) were evaluated. The ADC map appearance depended heavily on the TI, and we observed a feature-rich ADC(TI) curve. The ADC in the transition zone (TZ) of healthy volunteers increased between TI = 60 milliseconds and approximately 1100 milliseconds, then dropped drastically before increasing again, stabilizing at a very high TI. This effect was greatly reduced in the patient's prostate cancer lesion. The 2-compartment model described this behavior well. After the inversion, tissue magnetization recovers faster, decreasing its signal contribution in absolute terms and resulting in an increase in the ADC. At the tipping point, the total magnetization is zero at b = 0, when the positive tissue magnetization and still-inverted fluid magnetization cancel out. A small diffusion encoding leads to a positive signal, thus generating an infinite ADC. After the tipping point, the fluid magnetization remains negative and thereby reduces the ADC.

Conclusions
Prostate fluid appears to contribute significantly to prostate ADCs. Its contribution could be adjusted by choosing an appropriate inversion recovery preparation, potentially enhancing contrast for prostate cancer lesions.
Surgical Simulation of Kirschner Wiring—Discussion and Review of the Newcastle Surgical Training Centre K-Wiring Course May 2024
Authors: Gundle Leo , Park Eunsoo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Simulation training has been growing in popularity, as a means to help supplement the training of surgical residents. The Newcastle Surgical Training Centre K-wiring course, a 1-day course designed for early-years surgical trainees, aims to teach essential skills in K-wire fixation for hand fractures. The course integrates lectures and hands-on practice with both simulated and cadaveric specimens, supported by a high faculty-to-delegate ratio. Despite minor limitations, such as the quality of initial hand simulators and the potential need for more radiographer support, the course provides substantial educational value and practical experience. Overall, authors found the Newcastle Surgical Training Centre K-wiring course to be a well-resourced and effective training opportunity for surgical trainees.
DOES WHOLE BLOOD RESUSCITATION INCREASE RISK FOR VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM IN TRAUMA PATIENTS? A COMPARISON OF WHOLE BLOOD VS COMPONENT THERAPY IN 3468 PATIENTS
Authors: Hout Brittany , Van Gent Jan-Michael , Clements Thomas , Rausa Rebecca , Kaminski Carter , Puzio Thaddeus , Rizzo Julie , Cotton Bryan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND
Whole blood (WB) resuscitation has been shown to provide mortality benefit. However, the impact of whole blood transfusions on the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) remains unclear. We sought to compare the VTE risk in patients resuscitated with WB vs component therapy (COMP).

METHODS
Trauma patients aged 18 and older, admitted to two Level 1 trauma centers between 2016 and 2021, who received at least one unit of emergency-release blood products were identified. Clinical and transfusion data were collected. Patients that received any WB during resuscitation were compared to those who received only COMP therapy. The primary outcome was VTE incidence, defined as deep vein thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism.

RESULTS
3468 patients met inclusion criteria (WB: 1775, COMP: 1693). WB patients were more likely to be male (82 vs. 68%), receive tranexamic acid (21 vs. 16%), and had higher Injury Severity Score (ISS, 26 vs. 19; all p < 0.001). WB patients exhibited less hospital-free days (11 vs. 15), ICU-free days (23 vs. 25), and 30-day survival (74 vs. 84; all p < 0.001). The WB group had lower VTE incidence (6 vs. 10%; p < 0.001). Logistic regression revealed WB was protective against VTE (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.54-091, p = 0.009), while RBC transfusions and TXA exposure increased VTE risk.

DISCUSSION
Using WB as part of resuscitation was associated with a 30% reduction in VTE, while TXA and RBC transfusion increased VTE risk. Further research is needed to evaluate VTE risk with empiric use of TXA in the setting of early WB transfusion capability.
The Impact of Cholecystectomy on the Metabolic Profile of Patients Previously Submitted to Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Ferraz Álvaro A. B. , Vianna Cassio F. M. , Henriques Deborah F. , Gorgulho Gustavo C. F. , Santa-Cruz Fernando , Siqueira Luciana T. , Kreimer Flávio 
Published: December 2024

Purpose:
To evaluate the influence of late cholecystectomy following bariatric surgery on the postoperative evolution of weight loss and biochemical, metabolic, and micronutrient parameters.

Methods:
A retrospective study that assessed 86 patients who underwent cholecystectomy after at least 18 months of bariatric surgery. The analyzed variables included demographic data, comorbidities, weight loss, and biochemical, metabolic, and micronutrient parameters.

Results:
Among the analyzed patients, 20 underwent gastric bypass (GB) and 66 underwent sleeve gastrectomy (SG). The GB group comprised 55% of women, with a mean age of 54.4 years and a mean preoperative body mass index (BMI) of 29.2 kg/m2. The mean time elapsed between GB and cholecystectomy was 118.3±43.9 months. The sample of SG comprised 83.3% of women, with a mean age of 41.1 years and a mean preoperative BMI of 28.7 kg/m2. The mean time elapsed between SG and cholecystectomy was 26.1±17.5 months. Both SG and GB groups showed a reduction in the mean BMI, but it was not statistically significant after cholecystectomy. In the metabolic, biochemical, and micronutrient evaluation, there was no statistically significant difference, except in the GB group, where an increase in vitamin D was observed after cholecystectomy with statistical significance.

Conclusion:
Cholecystectomy does not negatively impact the clinical and anthropometric evolution of patients previously submitted to bariatric surgery.
Distinct Patterns of Socioemotional Dysfunction Relate to Aggressive Versus Nonaggressive Rule-breaking Antisocial Behaviors in Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia
Authors: Lee Jayden J. , Keener Lindsey C. , Phan Tony X. , Reeder Jerica E. , Wang Siyi , Considine Ciaran M. , Darby R. Ryan 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Antisocial behaviors occur in up to 91% of individuals with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD). Prior work has shown that antisocial behaviors can be differentiated into aggressive and nonaggressive rule-breaking behavioral subtypes. Socioemotional dysfunction is common in bvFTD and unique compared to other types of dementia.

Objective:
To determine whether socioemotional dysfunction relates to general antisocial behaviors in individuals with bvFTD, or whether different types of socioemotional dysfunction relate to aggressive versus rule-breaking behaviors.

Methods:
Informants for 28 participants with bvFTD and 21 participants with Alzheimer disease (AD) completed the Social Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ) and the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI). The SBQ measures the presence and severity of 26 antisocial behaviors, including subscales for aggressive behaviors (SBQ-AGG) and nonaggressive rule-breaking behaviors (SBQ-RB). The IRI measures cognitive and emotional empathy capabilities, including subscales for Empathic Concern (IRI-EC) and Perspective-taking (IRI-PT).

Results:
As expected, participants with bvFTD had higher scores on the SBQ in total than participants with AD, as well as on the SBQ-AGG and SBQ-RB separately. Participants with bvFTD had lower scores on the IRI-EC and IRI-PT than participants with AD (P < 0.0001 for all measures). Lower scores on the IRI-PT correlated with higher scores on the SBQ-AGG—but not with higher scores on the SBQ-RB—across the combined group of participants (P = 0.007), and within participants in the bvFTD group (P = 0.01) specifically, after controlling for covariates of age, sex, dementia severity, and IRI-EC scores. Lower scores on the IRI-EC correlated with higher scores on the SBQ-AGG—but not with higher scores on the SBQ-RB—across the combined group of participants (P = 0.02) after controlling for covariates of age, sex, dementia severity, and IRI-PT scores.

Conclusion:
Our results suggest that socioemotional dysfunction relates to antisocial behaviors in individuals with bvFTD, but that the mechanisms leading to aggressive and rule-breaking behaviors are differentiable, providing meaningful implications for distinct approaches to treatment and prevention.
Estimation of tsunami direction and horizontal velocity field from tsunami magnetic field
Authors: Lin Zhiheng 
Published: December 2024

During tsunamis, the interaction between moving seawater and the Earth’s magnetic field generates a magnetic field detectable by electromagnetic sensors located on land or on the seafloor. In this study, we introduce new methods for estimating tsunami propagation direction and horizontal velocity fields using tsunami magnetic field data. We derive a transfer function that establishes a relationship between the tsunami magnetic field and the velocity field, emphasizing the alignment between the horizontal magnetic field and the tsunami’s propagation direction. This transfer function was validated with data from the 2009 Samoa and 2010 Chile tsunamis. Our findings show that tsunami horizontal velocities and directions can be accurately determined from these magnetic fields. This advancement enables the use of tsunami magnetic fields to provide comprehensive data for tsunami warning systems and to improve the inversion of tsunami seismic sources.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Magnetometric remote sensing of Earth and planetary oceans’.
A novel RyR2-selective stabilizer prevents stress-induced ventricular tachycardia without compromising cardiac function
Authors: Kurebayashi Nagomi , Kodama Masami , Murayama Takashi , Konishi Masato , Sugihara Masami , Inoue Hana , Ishida Ryosuke , Ishii Koichiro , Mori Shuichi , Endo Yukari , Zeng Xi , Inoue Yukiko U. , Inoue Takayoshi , Noguchi Satoru , Nishio Hajime , Yokoyama Utako , Kurokawa Junko , Kagechika Hiroyuki , Sakurai Takashi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimsExcessive activation of the type 2 ryanodine receptor (RyR2) causes lethal arrhythmias such as catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT). Stabilization of RyR2 in the closed state is expected to prevent the occurrence of these arrhythmias, but there are no clinically available antiarrhythmic drugs that are exclusively RyR2-specific. In this study, we investigated the antiarrhythmic effect of a high-affinity and selective RyR2 modulator, Ryanozole, using CPVT mouse models harboring mutant RyR2s.Methods and ResultsIn vitroeffects of Ryanozole were assessed by ER Ca2+-based assay using RyR2-expressing HEK293 cells and [3H]Ryanodine binding assay. To evaluatein situandin vivoeffects of Ryanozole, we used two lines of mice, RyR2-R420W and -K4750Q, with different arrhythmia severity. Intracellular Ca2+signals were monitored with Cal520 in isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes. Antiarrhythmic effects of Ryanozole and three typical antiarrhythmic drugs were evaluated by electrocardiography (ECG) in anesthetized R420W and K4750Q mice challenged with catecholamine and in conscious K4750Q mice that showed activity-dependent arrhythmias. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography before and after drug administration. Ryanozole suppressed wild type and mutant RyR2s with 15−40 nM IC50. [3H]Ryanodine binding showed that the inhibition was more potent at low [Ca2+]cytthan at high [Ca2+]cyt. In isolated cardiomyocytes, Ryanozole suppressed isoproterenol-induced Ca2+waves and sparks without affecting action potential-evoked Ca2+transients. Ryanozole effectively suppressed adrenaline-induced arrhythmias and terminated activity-dependent arrhythmias. Unlike conventional antiarrhythmic drugs, Ryanozole did neither affect ECG parameters nor impair cardiac contractility.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that selective suppression of RyR2 alone is sufficient to prevent arrhythmias in CPVT without compromising cardiac function.Translational perspectiveRyanozole is superior to conventional drugs in that it has potent antiarrhythmic effects without adverse effects such as cardiac contractile dysfunction and conduction delay. Ryanozole is a promising novel therapeutic candidate for the prevention and treatment of arrhythmias.
HyperMPNN – A general strategy to design thermostable proteins learned from hyperthermophiles
Authors: Ertelt Moritz , Schlegel Phillip , Beining Max , Kaysser Leonard , Meiler Jens , Schoeder Clara T. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractStability is a key factor to enable the use of recombinant proteins in therapeutic or biotechnological applications. Deep learning protein design approaches like ProteinMPNN have shown strong performance both in creating novel proteins or stabilizing existing ones. However, it is unlikely that the stability of the designs will significantly exceed that of the natural proteins in the training set, which are biophysically only marginally stable. Therefore, we collected predicted protein structures from hyperthermophiles, which differ substantially in their amino acid composition from mesophiles. Notably, ProteinMPNN fails to recover their unique amino acid composition. Here we show that a retrained network on predicted proteins from hyperthermophiles, termed HyperMPNN, not only recovers this unique amino acid composition but can also be applied to proteins from non-hyperthermophiles. Using this novel approach on a protein nanoparticle with a melting temperature of 65°C resulted in designs remaining stable at 95°C. In conclusion, we created a new way to design highly thermostable proteins through self-supervised learning on data from hyperthermophiles.