bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamic linear algebra
Authors: Aifer Maxwell , Donatella Kaelan , Gordon Max Hunter , Duffield Samuel , Ahle Thomas , Simpson Daniel , Crooks Gavin , Coles Patrick J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLinear algebra is central to many algorithms in engineering, science, and machine learning; hence, accelerating it would have tremendous economic impact. Quantum computing has been proposed for this purpose, although the resource requirements are far beyond current technological capabilities. We consider an alternative physics-based computing paradigm based on classical thermodynamics, to provide a near-term approach to accelerating linear algebra. At first sight, thermodynamics and linear algebra seem to be unrelated fields. Here, we connect solving linear algebra problems to sampling from the thermodynamic equilibrium distribution of a system of coupled harmonic oscillators. We present simple thermodynamic algorithms for solving linear systems of equations, computing matrix inverses, and computing matrix determinants. Under reasonable assumptions, we rigorously establish asymptotic speedups for our algorithms, relative to digital methods, that scale linearly in matrix dimension. Our algorithms exploit thermodynamic principles like ergodicity, entropy, and equilibration, highlighting the deep connection between these two seemingly distinct fields, and opening up algebraic applications for thermodynamic computers.
A red turn-on fluorescent probe reveals elevated H2O2 in cell anesthesia
Authors: Du Longjie , Ning Yu , Li Wentao , Kan Jianfei , Li Jianchun , Wang Jinhong , Wang Min , Li Yanxiang , Zhou Jin 
Published: November 2024

Cognitive dysfunction is an important central nervous system related adverse reaction of intravenous anesthetics. To further understand the role of H2O2, a fluorescent probe (LJ-1) was constructed, specifically detecting H2O2 in cell anesthesia.
Optimal spatial arrangement of modules for large‐scale photovoltaic farms in complex topography
Authors: Tai Xu , Ru Hanlin , Wu Fei , Zhao Wanbing , Ding Yifan , Yang Qiang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe existing methods for determining the module arrangement in photovoltaic (PV) farms are considered insufficient as they are generally limited to the environment of flat ground without considering both physical and electrical factors. The orientations of PV modules may be very diverse when installed in places with complex topography, e.g. mountains and abandoned mine sites. Thus, the received irradiance by the modules is inconsistent directly results in current differences and hence leads to significant mismatch loss in the PV arrays. This paper proposes a solution to determine the most appropriate combination of tilts and orientations of PV modules as well as the arrangement of PV arrays. The complex topographies are fully considered to minimize the mismatch loss phenomenon, and hence the power generation degradation. The solution adopts a set of models, i.e. the irradiation model for the calculation of optimal module tilts and orientations, the shadow model for shadow effect analysis, and the mismatch model for mismatch condition analysis. A two‐layer multi‐objective optimization is implemented for the optimal arrangement. The proposed solution is assessed through the case study of a 30 MW PV farm. The result confirms the effectiveness of the proposed solution for the optimal spatial module placement.
Multi‐timescale optimal scheduling of microgrids for generating new energy output scenarios based on correction error sampling intervals
Authors: Wang Ruimiao , Fan Xiaowei , Yang Haifeng , Dong Guangde , Yang Yi , Wang Jingang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMicrogrid can realize energy saving and emission reduction and multi‐energy complementation, but the fluctuation of renewable energy output and the error of day‐ahead scheduling will threaten the stability of microgrid operation. For this reason, this article proposes a microgrid multi‐timescale optimal scheduling method based on new energy output scenario generation. First, the microgrid framework of this article is introduced, and an energy cycle emission reduction model taking into account electricity‐to‐gas conversion is designed; second, a new energy prediction error model is established based on the prediction box and Gaussian hybrid model, and the scenario of wind and photovoltaic power generation is generated by correcting the sampling intervals for error sampling; and then, based on the day‐ahead scheduling plan, an intraday cooling, heating and electricity two‐layer rolling optimization model is established to correct the day‐ahead scenario. Finally, the example analysis shows that the cyclic emission reduction model can realize the recycling of resources, reduce the fuel cost and carbon emission, and the generation of scenarios for wind power can smooth out the fluctuation of new energy power, which, together with the intra‐day two‐layer rolling optimization, can reduce the day‐ahead scheduling error and improve the stability of microgrid operation.
Diffuse radio sky models using large-scale shapelets
Authors: Yatawatta S. 
Published: November 2024

Aims. Sky models used in radio interferometric data-processing primarily consist of compact and discrete radio sources. When there is a need to model large-scale diffuse structure such as the Galaxy, specialized source models are sought after for the sake of simplicity and computational efficiency. We propose the use of shapelet basis functions for modeling the large-scale diffuse structure in various radio interferometric data-processing pipelines.
Methods. The conventional source model construction using shapelet basis functions is restricted to using images of smaller size due to limitations in computational resources such as memory. We propose a novel shapelet decomposition method to lift this restriction, enabling the use of images of millions of pixels (as well as a wide spectral bandwidth) for building models of large-scale diffuse structure. Furthermore, the application of direction-dependent errors onto diffuse sky models is an expensive operation that is often performed as a convolution. We propose using some specific properties of shapelet basis functions to apply these direction-dependent errors as a product of the model coefficients, which avoids the need for convolution.
Results. We provide results based on simulations and real observations. In order to measure the efficacy of our proposed method in modeling large-scale diffuse structure, we considered the direction-dependent calibration of simulated as well as real LOFAR observations that have a significant number of diffuse large-scale structure. The results show that by including large-scale shapelet models of the diffuse sky, we are able to overcome a major problem of existing calibration techniques, which do not model this large-scale diffuse structure, that is, the suppression of this large-scale diffuse structure because the model is incomplete.
Full interferometric map of the L1157 southern outflow: Formamide (NH2CHO) can form in the gas, after all
Authors: López-Sepulcre A. , Codella C. , Ceccarelli C. , Podio L. , Robuschi J. 
Published: November 2024

Context. The formation mechanism of interstellar formamide (NH2CHO), a key prebiotic precursor, is currently a matter of hot debate within the astrochemistry community, with both gas-phase and grain-surface chemical pathways having been proposed as its dominant formation route.
Aims. The aim of the present study is to place firm observational constraints on the formation pathways leading to formamide thanks to new interferometric observations of the molecular outflow driven by the protostellar binary L1157.
Methods. We employed the IRAM NOEMA interferometer to map the entire southern outflow of L1157, which contains three main shocked regions with increasing post-shock age: B0, B1, and B2. This allowed us to measure how the abundance of formamide, that of acetaldehyde (CH3CHO), and the ratio of the two, vary with time in this region. In order to gain a greater understanding of the most likely formation routes of formamide, we ran a grid of astrochemical models and compared these to our observations.
Results. A comparison between observations and astrochemical modelling indicates that there are two possible scenarios: one in which the amount of formamide observed can be explained by gas-phase-only chemistry, and more specifically via the reaction H2CO + NH2 → NH2CHO + H2 , and another in which part of the observed formamide originates from surface chemistry and part from gas-phase chemistry. Surface chemistry alone cannot account for the abundance of formamide that we measure.
Conclusions. While grain-surface chemistry cannot be ruled out, the present study brings definitive proof that gas-phase chemistry does work in L1157-B and acts efficiently in the production of this molecular species.
The effect of data-driving and relaxation models on magnetic flux rope evolution and stability
Authors: Wagner A. , Price D. J. , Bourgeois S. , Daei F. , Pomoell J. , Poedts S. , Kumari A. , Barata T. , Erdélyi R. , Kilpua E. K. J. 
Published: November 2024

Context. Understanding the flux rope eruptivity and effects of data driving in modelling solar eruptions is crucial for correctly applying different models and interpreting their results.
Aims. We aim to investigate these by analysing the fully data-driven modelled eruption of the active regions (ARs) 12473 and AR11176, as well as preforming relaxation runs for AR12473 (found to be eruptive) where the driving is switched off systematically at different time steps. We intend to analyse the behaviour and evolution of fundamental quantities that are essential for understanding the eruptivity of magnetic flux ropes (MFRs).
Methods. The data-driven simulations were carried out with the time-dependent magnetofrictional model (TMFM) for AR12473 and AR11176. For the relaxation runs, we employed the magnetofrictional method (MFM) and a zero-beta magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model to investigate how significant the differences between the two relaxation procedures are when started from the same initial conditions. In total, 22 simulations were studied. To determine the eruptivity of the MFRs, we calculated and analysed characteristic geometric properties such as the cross-section, MFR height, and physical stability parameters such as MFR twist and the decay index. Furthermore, for the eruptive cases, we investigated the effect of sustained driving beyond the point of eruptivity on the MFR properties and evolution.
Results. We find that the fully driven AR12473 MFR is eruptive, while the AR11176 MFR is not. For the relaxation runs, we find that the MFM MFRs are eruptive when the driving is stopped around the flare time or later, while the MHD MFRs show eruptive behaviour even if the driving is switched off one and a half days before the flare occurs. We also find that characteristic MFR properties can vary greatly even for the eruptive cases of different relaxation simulations.
Conclusions. The results suggest that data driving can significantly influence the evolution of the eruption, with differences appearing even when the relaxation time is set to later stages of the simulation when the MFRs have already entered an eruptive phase. Moreover, the relaxation model affects the results significantly, as highlighted by the differences between the MFM and MHD MFRs, showing that eruptivity in MHD does not directly translate to eruptivity in the MFM, despite the same initial conditions. Finally, if the exact critical values of instability parameters are unknown, tracking the evolution of typical MFR properties can be a powerful tool for determining MFR eruptivity.
CO-CAVITY project: Molecular gas and star formation in void galaxies
Authors: Rodríguez M. I. , Lisenfeld U. , Duarte Puertas S. , Espada D. , Domínguez-Gómez J. , Sánchez-Portal M. , Bongiovanni A. , Alcázar-Laynez M. , Argudo-Fernández M. , Bidaran B. , De Daniloff S. B. , Falcón-Barroso J. , Florido E. , García-Benito R. , Jimenez A. , Kreckel K. , Peletier R. F. , Pérez I. , Ruiz-Lara T. , Sánchez-Menguiano L. , Torres-Ríos G. , Villalba-González P. , Verley S. , Zurita A. 
Published: November 2024

Context. Cosmic voids, distinguished by their low-density environment, provide a unique opportunity to explore the interplay between the cosmic environment and the processes of galaxy formation and evolution. Nevertheless, few data on the molecular gas have been obtained so far.
Aims. In this paper, we continue the research performed in the CO-CAVITY pilot project to study the molecular gas content and properties in void galaxies in order to search for possible differences compared to galaxies that inhabit denser structures.
Methods. We used the IRAM 30 m telescope to observe the CO(1–0) and CO(2–1) emission of 106 void galaxies selected from the CAVITY survey. Together with data from the literature, we obtained a sample of 200 void galaxies with CO data. We conducted a comprehensive comparison of the specific star formation rate (sSFR = SFR/M⋆), the molecular gas fraction (MH2/M⋆), and the star formation efficiency (SFE = SFR/MH2) between the void galaxies and a comparison sample of galaxies in filaments and walls selected from the xCOLD GASS survey.
Results. We find no statistically significant difference between void galaxies and a comparison sample in the molecular gas fraction as a function of stellar mass for galaxies on the star-forming main sequence (SFMS). However, for void galaxies, the SFE is found to be constant across all stellar mass bins, while there is a decreasing trend with M⋆, for the comparison sample. Finally, we find some indications for a smaller dynamical range in the molecular gas fraction as a function of distance to the SFMS in void galaxies.
Conclusions. Overall, we find that the molecular gas properties of void galaxies are not very different from those of denser environments. The physical origin of the most significant difference that we find – a constant SFE as a function of stellar mass in void galaxies – is unclear and further investigation and higher-resolution data are required to gain further insight.
X-Shooting ULLYSES: Massive stars at low metallicity
Authors: Backs F. , Brands S. A. , de Koter A. , Kaper L. , Vink J. S. , Puls J. , Sundqvist J. , Tramper F. , Sana H. , Bernini-Peron M. , Bestenlehner J. M. , Crowther P. A. , Hawcroft C. , Ignace R. , Kuiper R. , van Loon J. Th. , Mahy L. , Marcolino W. , Najarro F. , Oskinova L. M. , Pauli D. , Ramachandran V. , Sander A. A. C. , Verhamme O. 
Published: November 2024

Context. Mass loss through a stellar wind is an important physical process that steers the evolution of massive stars and controls the properties of their end-of-life products, such as the supernova type and the mass of compact remnants. To probe its role in stellar evolution over cosmic time, mass loss needs to be studied as function of metallicity. For mass loss to be accurately quantified, the wind structure needs to be established jointly with the characteristics of small-scale inhomogeneities in the outflow, which are known as wind clumping.
Aims. We aim to improve empirical estimates of mass loss and wind clumping for hot main-sequence massive stars, study the dependence of both properties on the metal content, and compare the theoretical predictions of mass loss as a function of metallicity to our findings.
Methods. Using the model atmosphere code FASTWIND and the genetic algorithm fitting method KIWI-GA, we analyzed the optical and ultraviolet spectra of 13 O-type giant to supergiant stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud galaxy, which has a metallicity of approximately one-fifth of that of the Sun. We quantified the stellar global outflow properties, such as the mass-loss rate and terminal wind velocity, and the wind clumping properties. To probe the role of metallicity, our findings were compared to studies of Galactic and Large Magellanic Cloud samples that were analyzed with similar methods, including the description of clumping.
Results. We find significant variations in the wind clumping properties of the target stars, with clumping starting at flow velocities 0.01–0.23 of the terminal wind velocity and reaching clumping factors fcl = 2–30. In the luminosity (log L/L⊙ = 5.0–6.0) and metallicity (Z/Z⊙ = 0.2–1) range we considered, we find that the scaling of the mass loss M˙ with metallicity Z varies with luminosity. At log L/L⊙ = 5.75, we find M˙ ∝ Zm with m = 1.02 ± 0.30, in agreement with pioneering work in the field within the uncertainties. For lower luminosities, however, we obtain a significantly steeper scaling of m > 2.
Conclusions. The monotonically decreasing m(L) behavior adds a complexity to the functional description of the mass-loss rate of hot massive stars. Although the trend is present in the predictions, it is much weaker than we found here. However, the luminosity range for which m is significantly larger than previously assumed (at log L/L⊙ ≲ 5.4) is still poorly explored, and more studies are needed to thoroughly map the empirical behavior, in particular, at Galactic metallicity.
Treatment of Cancer-Associated Thrombosis: An Update
Authors: Voigtlaender Minna , Rolling Christina , Hart Christina 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPatients with cancer are at increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Treatment of VTE remains challenging due to a significant risk of both VTE recurrence and bleeding compared with patients without underlying malignancy. Moreover, patients with cancer often present with several comorbidities such as tumor- or treatment-induced bone marrow failure, renal impairment, and extensive concomitant anticancer or supportive medication, resulting in potential drug–drug interactions. Further challenging circumstances include gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, in the context of a GI intraluminal tumor itself, GI surgery, or systemic therapy-induced GI toxicity. However, treatment options and study data in the management of cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) have expanded over the last few years. As a result, it is becoming increasingly important to assess the patient's individual risk of bleeding and its comorbidities, and the patient's personal preferences. Prospectively, further therapeutic strategies such as factor XIa inhibitors are under clinical investigation. The aim of our narrative review is to summarize the current literature on therapy options for CAT, including common treatment situations encountered in the management of patients with cancer.
Unplanned 180-day Readmissions and Health Care Utilization after Immediate Breast Reconstruction for Breast Cancer
Authors: Rios-Diaz Arturo J. , Habarth-Morales Theodore E. , Isch Emily L. , Amro Chris , Davis Harrison D. , Broach Robyn B. , Jenkins Matthew , Fischer John P. , Serletti Joseph M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background To assess the burden of postdischarge health care utilization given by readmissions beyond 30 days following immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) nationwide.
Methods Women with breast cancer who underwent mastectomy and concurrent IBR (autologous and implant-based) were identified within the 2010 to 2019 Nationwide Readmission Database. Cox proportional hazards and generalized linear regression controlling for patient- and hospital-level confounders were used to determine factors associated with 180-day unplanned readmissions and incremental hospital costs, respectively.
Results Within 180 days, 10.7% of 100,942 women were readmitted following IBR. Readmissions tended to be publicly insured (30.8 vs. 21.7%, p < 0.001) and multimorbid (Elixhauser Comorbidity Index > 2 31.6 vs. 19.6%, p < 0.001) compared with nonreadmitted patients. There were no differences in readmission rates among types of IBR (tissue expander 11.2%, implant 10.7%, autologous 10.8%; p > 0.69). Of all readmissions, 40% occurred within 30 days and 21.7% in a different hospital and 40% required a major procedure in the operating room. Infection was the leading cause of readmissions (29.8%). In risk-adjusted analyses, patients with carcinoma in situ, publicly insured, low socioeconomic status, and higher comorbidity burden were associated with increased readmissions (all p < 0.05). Readmissions resulted in additional $8,971.78 (95% confidence interval: $8,537.72–9,405.84, p < 0.001) in hospital costs, which accounted for 15% of the total cost of IBR nationwide.
Conclusion The majority of inpatient health care utilization given by readmissions following mastectomy and IBR occurs beyond the 30-day benchmark. There is evidence of fragmentation of care as a quarter of readmissions occur in a different hospital and over one-third require major procedures. Mitigating postoperative infectious complications could result in the highest reduction of readmissions.
The Synthesis and F-18 Labeling of a Cinacalcet Analogue Based on α-(Monofluoromethyl)arylmethylamine Structure
Authors: Liu Jianbo , Lai Yongxing , Qian Jiasheng , He Xingjin , Zhang Xiangsong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe fluorine-containing drug Cinacalcet is the only oral calcimimetic agent for the management of hyperparathyroidism in China and targets calcium sensitive receptor (CaSR) in organ tissues. The monofluoromethyl (CH2F) motif, found in many drug molecules and bioactive molecules, is particularly valuable as the CH2F functional group can mimic the methyl (CH3) motif frequently encountered in bioactive molecules. Replacing CH3 group of Cinacalcet with CH2F group will both bring new opportunities for the development of Cinacalcet generic drugs and provide a new option for the F-18 labeling synthesis of Cinacalcet. A Cinacalcet analogue has been successfully synthesized using commercial 2-amino-2-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethan-1-ol and 3-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)propanal as raw materials in a total yield of 24% in five steps and achieved the F-18 labeling synthesis of this analogue. This strategy is simple and efficient, paving the way for PET imaging of CaSR related diseases and inspiring development of new drugs based on Cinacalcet­.
Management of Ovarian Cysts through Individualized Homoeopathic Medicine: A Case Series
Authors: Rath Padmalaya , Wadhwa Bharti , Saraswat Kruiti , Singh Anamika 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOvarian cysts are common gynecological problems encountered by gynecologists in their day-to-day practice. They are benign growths arising from the ovary and occur in the reproductive age group. Conventional system of medicine usually opts for surgical procedures in such cases. Homoeopathic system of medicine is a specialized system that believes in individualization. This article reports five cases of suffering from ovarian cysts, who reported at Dr. D.P. Rastogi Central Research Institute, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India. All the five cases were treated successfully with individualized homoeopathic medicines. Each patient received individualized homoeopathic medicine selected on the basis of the totality of symptoms using synthesis repertory with the help of RADAR software. Pre and post treatment ultrasongraphy USG reports were kept as evidence. The assessment of causal attribution of homeopathic treatment effect was performed using the Modified Naranjo Criteria for Homeopathy (MONARCH). Marked improvement was observed in all five cases, with complete resolution of the cysts along with symptomatic relief, which was evident by USG reports. The MONARCH scores were +9/13, +7/13, +8/13, +9/13, and +7/13, which indicate a positive causal attribution of homeopathy in relieving the symptoms. This case series suggests a significant role of individualized homeopathic medicines in the resolution of ovarian cysts and associated symptoms. The results obtained from this case series are encouraging.