bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating causal biological relationships between reproductive performance traits in high-performing gilts and sows1
Authors: Chitakasempornkul Kessinee , Meneget Mariana B , Rosa Guilherme J M , Lopes Fernando B , Jager Abigail , Gonçalves Márcio A D , Dritz Steve S , Tokach Mike D , Goodband Robert D , Bello Nora M 
Published: April 2019

AbstractEfficient management of swine production systems requires understanding of complex reproductive physiological mechanisms. Our objective in this study was to investigate potential causal biological relationships between reproductive performance traits in high-producing gilts and sows. Data originated from a nutrition experiment and consisted of 200 sows and 440 gilts arranged in body weight blocks and randomly assigned to dietary treatments during late gestation at a commercial swine farm. Reproductive performance traits consisted of weight gain during late gestation, total number born and number born alive in a litter, born alive average birth weight, wean-to-estrous interval, and total litter size born in the subsequent farrowing. Structural equation models combined with the inductive causation algorithm, both adapted to a hierarchical Bayesian framework, were employed to search for, estimate, and infer upon causal links between the traits within each parity group. Results indicated potentially distinct reproductive networks for gilts and for sows. Sows showed sparse connectivity between reproductive traits, whereas the network learned for gilts was densely interconnected, suggesting closely linked physiological mechanisms in younger females, with a potential for ripple effects throughout their productive lifecycle in response to early implementation of tailored managerial interventions. Cross-validation analyses indicated substantial network stability both for the general structure and for individual links, though results about directionality of such links were unstable in this study and will need further investigation. An assessment of relative statistical power in sows and gilts indicated that the observed network discrepancies may be partially explained on a biological basis. In summary, our results suggest distinctly heterogeneous mechanistic networks of reproductive physiology for gilts and sows, consistent with physiological differences between the groups. These findings have potential practical implications for integrated understanding and differential management of gilts and sows to enhance efficiency of swine production systems.
Cross-talk between the three furA orthologs in Mycobacterium smegmatis and the contribution to isoniazid resistance
Authors: Gao Chun-Hui , Wei Wen-Ping , Tao Hui-Ling , Cai Li-Kai , Jia Wan-Zhong , Hu Lihua , Yang Min 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The ferric uptake regulator A (FurA) plays an essential role in responding to oxidative stress in mycobacteria. The genome of Mycobacterium smegmatis harbours three FurA orthologs; however, the potential cross-talk and contribution to drug resistance of different furA operon remain underdetermined. In this study, we characterized the cross-regulation and effect in drug resistance of these orthologs from M. smegmatis. Cross-binding of FurA protein to furA promoter was observed. The binding of FurA1 to furA3p and FurA2 to furA1p or furA3p is even more pronounced than their self-binding. The three FurA proteins are all functional at repressing the expression of the peroxidase enzyme katG1/katG2 in vivo. When overexpressing any of the furA orthologs in M. smegmatis, the bacteria become more resistant to isoniazid (INH). This pattern is consistent with that in Mycobacterium bovis. However, the knockdown of furA does not affect the INH sensitivity. This is the first report of cross-talk and contribution to drug resistance of all three furA orthologs in M. smegmatis.
A Case Study of Cimex lectularius L. (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) Infestations in an Office Environment
Authors: Sked Shannon , Wang Changlu , Levy Michael , Hacker Kathryn 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMost field studies on Cimex lectularius are conducted in residential or hospitality industrial settings. Cimex lectularius infestations in office settings are reported, but are rarely studied. An office environment (~875 m2) consisting of 105 cubicles or pod-seating areas with persistent C. lectularius sightings over a 2-yr period was evaluated for 90 d through intensive trapping to determine C. lectularius distribution and to eliminate the infestation. The study area was partially occupied during the study period. Two treatments of amorphous silica dust (112.5 g dust in total) were applied 29 and 57 d after the first day of monitoring. A total of 32 C. lectularius were captured by interceptors over a period of 55 d. Dry ice traps captured eight additional C. lectularius. Visual inspections identified one chair with live C. lectularius and eggs. The infestation was eliminated on 69 d after initial installation of interceptors. Spatial analysis using Ripley’s K and L functions showed a high level of aggregation up to a 15 meter scale. Dispersal of C. lectularius in office settings was limited. Intensive trapping plus limited insecticide dust treatments effectively detected and eliminated C. lectularius.
First Detection of the Asian Tiger Mosquito, Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae), in Tunisia
Authors: Bouattour Ali , Khrouf Fatma , Rhim Adel , M’ghirbi Youmna 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAedes albopictus (Skuse) is a widespread invasive mosquito vector species with a distribution including tropical and temperate climates; its range is still expanding. Aedes albopictus populations were recently detected in Morocco and Algeria, the countries neighboring Tunisia, but never in Tunisia. In 2018, we initiated an intensive field study using BG-Sentinel Traps, ovitraps, larval surveys, and citizens’ reports to determine whether Ae. albopictus populations exist in Tunisia. In October 2018, we collected adults and larval stages of Ae. albopictus in Carthage, Amilcar, and La Marsa, less than 20 km, northeast of Tunis, the Tunisian capital. These Ae. albopictus larvae were primarily collected from Phoenician funeral urns at the archeological site of Carthage. This is, to our knowledge, the first detection of Ae. albopictus in Tunisia.
The Basic Plan of the Adult Heart Is Conserved Across Different Species of Adult Mosquitoes, But the Morphology of Heart-Associated Tissues Varies
Authors: Barbosa da Silva Henrique , Godoy Raquel Soares Maia , Martins Gustavo Ferreira 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The heart is a pivotal organ in insects because it performs a number of different tasks, such as circulating nutrients, hormones, and excreta. In this study, the morphologies of the heart and associated tissues, including pericardial cells (PCs) and alary muscles (AMs), in the hematophagous mosquitoes Anopheles aquasalis Curry (Diptera: Culicidae), Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae), and Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae), and the phytophagous Toxorhynchites theobaldi Dyar & Knab (Diptera: Culicidae) were compared using different microscopy techniques. Mosquito hearts are located across the median dorsal region of the whole abdomen. Paired incurrent openings in the heart wall (ostia) are found in the intersegmental regions (segments 2–7) of the abdomen, while an excurrent opening is located in the terminal cone of Ae. aegypti. The sides of the heart contain PC that are more numerous in An. aquasalis and Th. theobaldi. In these two species, PC form a cord of as closely aggregated cells, but in Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus, PC occur in pairs with two or four PC pairs per intersegmental region. In Th. theobaldi, AM binds to all regions of the heart, whereas in other mosquitoes they only bind in the intersegmental regions. The basic plan of the adult heart was conserved across all the adult mosquitoes investigated in this study. This conserved organization was expected because this organ plays an important role in the maintenance of individual homeostasis. However, the species had different PC and of AM morphologies. These morphological differences seem to be related to distinct physiological requirements of mosquito circulatory system.
Urban and Rural Spatial Delineations in Blow Fly Species (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Across Canada: Implications for Forensic Entomology
Authors: Langer Sarah V , Kyle Christopher J , Illes Mike , Larkin Scott , Beresford David V 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Blow fly (Diptera: Calliphoridae) larvae are commonly used in forensic cases to determine postmortem intervals using development rates and successional changes in community composition. Studies are conducted from different regions to provide these data. We wanted to know how widely applicable these data are. We examined whether urbanized landscapes have distinct urban blow fly communities or whether the community composition in urbanized areas is simply a variation of that found in the surrounding habitat or ecozone. Using liver baited traps, we sampled 7,272 flies from 32 sites across Canada and used mapping analysis to assess urban and rural landcover classifications, and compared urban and rural species abundance and composition. Blow fly species communities from urban areas across Canada were made up of similar species and differed from the communities found in nearby rural sites. Trapping at rural sites caught more blow flies compared with urban sites (mean flies/site 59.5 and 12.4). Of the 14 species caught, 8 were caught at urban sites, 61% of these being Cynomya cadaverina Robineau-Desvoidy, 14% Phormia regina Meigen, and 11% Lucilia sericata (Meigen). In rural sites, all 14 species were caught, 41% of specimens caught were P. regina, 21% C. cadaverina, 10% Calliphora vomitoria (Linnaeus), with only 4% L. sericata. These data suggest that regional studies are appropriate for forensic entomology applications in urban landscapes, given the similar trends across Canada, less so for wilderness or rural landscapes.
Formation of hot Jupiters through secular chaos and dynamical tides
Authors: Teyssandier Jean , Lai Dong , Vick Michelle 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The population of giant planets on short-period orbits can potentially be explained by some flavours of high-eccentricity migration. In this paper, we investigate one such mechanism involving ‘secular chaos’, in which secular interactions between at least three giant planets push the inner planet to a highly eccentric orbit, followed by tidal circularization and orbital decay. In addition to the equilibrium tidal friction, we incorporate dissipation due to dynamical tides that are excited inside the giant planet. Using the method of Gaussian rings to account for planet–planet interactions, we explore the conditions for extreme eccentricity excitation via secular chaos and the properties of hot Jupiters formed in this migration channel. Our calculations show that once the inner planet reaches a sufficiently large eccentricity, dynamical tides quickly dissipate the orbital energy, producing an eccentric warm Jupiter, which then decays in semimajor axis through equilibrium tides to become a hot Jupiter. Dynamical tides help the planet avoid tidal disruption, increasing the chance of forming a hot Jupiter, although not all planets survive the process. We find that the final orbital periods generally lie in the range of 2–3 d, somewhat shorter than those of the observed hot Jupiter population. We couple the planet migration to the stellar spin evolution to predict the final spin-orbit misalignments. The distribution of the misalignment angles we obtain shows a lack of retrograde orbits compared to observations. Our results suggest that high-eccentricity migration via secular chaos can only account for a fraction of the observed hot Jupiter population.
Temperature stability in the sub-milliHertz band with LISA Pathfinder
Authors: Armano M , Audley H , Baird J , Binetruy P , Born M , Bortoluzzi D , Castelli E , Cavalleri A , Cesarini A , Cruise A M , Danzmann K , Silva M de Deus , Diepholz I , Dixon G , Dolesi R , Ferraioli L , Ferroni V , Fitzsimons E D , Freschi M , Gesa L , Gibert F , Giardini D , Giusteri R , Grimani C , Grzymisch J , Harrison I , Heinzel G , Hewitson M , Hollington D , Hoyland D , Hueller M , Inchauspé H , Jennrich O , Jetzer P , Karnesis N , Kaune B , Korsakova N , Killow C J , Lobo J A , Lloro I , Liu L , López-Zaragoza J P , Maarschalkerweerd R , Mance D , Mansanet C , Martín V , Martin-Polo L , Martino J , Martin-Porqueras F , Mateos I , McNamara P W , Mendes J , Mendes L , Meshksar N , Nofrarias M , Paczkowski S , Perreur-Lloyd M , Petiteau A , Pivato P , Plagnol E , Ramos-Castro J , Reiche J , Robertson D I , Rivas F , Russano G , Sanjuán J , Slutsky J , Sopuerta C F , Sumner T , Texier D , Thorpe J I , Trenkel C , Vetrugno D , Vitale S , Wanner G , Ward H , Wass P J , Wealthy D , Weber W J , Wissel L , Wittchen A , Zweifel P 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
LISA Pathfinder (LPF) was a technology pioneering mission designed to test key technologies required for gravitational wave detection in space. In the low frequency regime (milliHertz and below), where space-based gravitational wave observatories will operate, temperature fluctuations play a crucial role since they can couple into the interferometric measurement and the test masses’ free-fall accuracy in many ways. A dedicated temperature measurement subsystem, with noise levels in 10 $\mu$K Hz−1/2 down to 1 mHz was part of the diagnostics unit onboard LPF. In this paper we report on the temperature measurements throughout mission operations, characterize the thermal environment, estimate transfer functions between different locations, and report temperature stability (and its time evolution) at frequencies as low as 10 $\mu$Hz, where typically values around 1 K Hz−1/2 were measured.
Genetic Affinities among Southern Africa Hunter-Gatherers and the Impact of Admixing Farmer and Herder Populations
Authors: Vicente Mário , Jakobsson Mattias , Ebbesen Peter , Schlebusch Carina M 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Southern African indigenous groups, traditionally hunter-gatherers (San) and herders (Khoekhoe), are commonly referred to as “Khoe-San” populations and have a long history in southern Africa. Their ancestors were largely isolated up until ∼2,000 years ago before the arrival of pastoralists and farmers in southern Africa. Assessing relationships among regional Khoe-San groups has been challenging due to admixture with immigrant populations that obscure past population affinities and gene flow among these autochthonous communities. We re-evaluate a combined genome-wide data set of previously published southern Africa Khoe-San populations in conjunction with novel data from Khoe-San individuals collected in Xade (Central Kalahari Game Reserve, Botswana) prior to their resettlement outside the reserve. After excluding regions in the genome that trace their ancestry to recent migrant groups, the genetic diversity of 20 Khoe-San groups fitted an isolation-by-distance model. Even though isolation-by-distance explained most genetic affinities between the different autochthonous groups, additional signals of contact between Khoe-San groups could be detected. For instance, we found stronger genetic affinities, than what would be explained by isolation-by-distance gene flow, between the two geographically separated Khoe-San groups, who speak branches of the Kx’a-language family (ǂHoan and Ju). We also scanned the genome-wide data for signals of adaptive gene flow from farmers/herders into Khoe-San groups and identified a number of genomic regions potentially introduced by the arrival of the new groups. This study provides a comprehensive picture of affinities among Khoe-San groups, prior to the arrival of recent migrants, and found that these affinities are primarily determined by the geographic landscape.
Preliminary Screening Results Outside the 1945–1965 Birth Cohort: A Forgotten Population for Hepatitis C?
Authors: Winetsky Daniel , Zucker Jason , Slowikowski Jacek , Scherer Matthew , Verna Elizabeth C , Gordon Peter 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
In December 2017, our academic medical center implemented universal hepatitis C virus screening among adult hospitalized patients. We reviewed charts of patients screening positive outside the birth cohort (1945–1965) in the first 6 months after implementation. Documented risk factors were common in younger patients but rare in patients born before 1945.
The Winner Takes It All? A Psychological Study of Political Success among UK Members of Parliament
Authors: Weinberg James 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIs there a winning formula when it comes to individual success in contemporary politics? In this article, I analyse self-report data on the Basic Human Values (Schwartz, 1994, Journal of Social Issues, 50, 19–45) of 106 national politicians in the UK to examine the impact of these individual characteristics on three alternative political outcomes: the size of a candidate’s electoral majority, their longevity as an elected representative and their progression (or not) to frontbench office. On the one hand, it seems that the values of individual politicians make very little impact on their electoral performance at the ballot box. On the other hand, politicians’ values seem to impact on both their ability to hold on to office once elected and in turn to make in-role career progression.
Rejecting Catastrophe: The Case of the Justinianic Plague*
Authors: Mordechai Lee , Eisenberg Merle 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Recent research has increasingly argued that the Justinianic Plague was an unparallelled demographic catastrophe which killed half the population of the Mediterranean world and led to the end of Antiquity. This article re-examines the evidence and reconsiders whether this interpretation is justified. It builds upon an array of interdisciplinary research that includes literary and non-literary primary sources, archaeological excavations, DNA research, disaster studies and resilience frameworks. Each type of primary source material is critically reassessed and contextualized in light of current research. By drawing upon this interdisciplinary foundation, the article demonstrates that the evidence for the catastrophic maximalist interpretation of plague is weak, ambiguous and should be rejected. The article also makes use of the Third Pandemic as a comparative case study, and considers how the metanarratives of plague in contemporary society influence research on the subject. It concludes that the Justinianic Plague had an overall limited effect on late antique society. Although on some occasions the plague might have caused high mortality in specific places, leaving strong impressions on contemporaries, it neither caused widespread demographic decline nor kept Mediterranean populations low. Any direct mid- or long-term effects of plague were minor at most.
Exploration of Content and Reach of Physical Therapy-Related Discussion on Twitter
Authors: Sabus Carla , Johns Blake , Schultz Nathan , Gagnon Kendra 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background
Many individuals access and share health information on social networking sites. Previous studies have analyzed the social media site Twitter to discern public opinion related to health phenomena such as antibiotics, concussions, and flu. Physical therapy-related online discussions have not been studied.

Objective
The aim of this study was to explore content, participants, and structure of physical therapy-related discussions on Twitter.

Design
This study was observational.

Methods
Over 12 weeks, more than 30,000 physical therapy-related tweets were collected. A random sample of 100 tweets underwent preliminary analysis to determine broad categories including tweet author, tone, and theme. A second random sample of 100 tweets was analyzed to confirm categories. Once categories were established, a new sample of 1000 tweets was randomly selected for analysis and categorization. All study investigators categorized a shared collection of tweets to establish inter- and intrarater agreement. Twitter conversations were visualized using NodeXL.

Results
Intrarater and interrater agreement for tweet categorization was 95% and 89%, respectively. The distribution of the intended audience was 35.5% professional, 35.5% broad reach, and 29% public. The gross distribution of tweet tone was 63.1% neutral, 31.4% positive, and 5.6% negative. Twenty-eight percent of tweets were authored by physical therapists/physical therapist assistants and nearly one-half were categorized as “marketing.” Tweets tended to be “isolated,” not within a conversation, or consist of conversation within “tight crowds.”

Limitations
This study was purely observational. Social media content can be highly influenced by temporal events, which limits the generalization of specific findings.

Conclusions
Study results indicate that the reach of physical therapy-related tweets may not be as broad as intended by the author. Physical therapy professionals and the hospitals/clinics that employ them may need to implement strategies to be more intentional in reaching a broader audience with online messages.
TRITIUM, HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN ISOTOPE COMPOSITIONS IN MONTHLY PRECIPITATION SAMPLES COLLECTED AT TOKI, JAPAN
Authors: Akata N , Hasegawa H , Sugihara S , Tanaka M , Furukawa M , Kurita N , Kovács T , Shiroma Y , Kakiuchi H 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMonthly precipitation samples have been collected at Toki, Japan, from November 2013 to March 2017. In this report, selected data were analysed to identify the regional hydrogen and oxygen isotope compositions. Tritium (3H) concentration in the precipitation ranged from 0.10 to 0.61 Bq L−1 and higher 3H concentrations were observed in spring rather than in other seasons. This range was similar to values reported in Chiba City, Japan. 3H concentration and the ratio d-excess, and δD values were roughly clustered according to each separate season. These regional hydrogen and oxygen isotope compositions will be used for environmental assessments of effects of the deuterium plasma experiments of the large fusion test device.
Policy entrepreneurship in context: Understanding the emergence of novel policy solutions for services innovation in Finland and Ireland
Authors: Henderson Dylan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPolicy entrepreneurs have been identified as playing an important role in the emergence of public policies for innovation. Despite the growing number of studies, the role of context has only recently begun to be explored in detail. This article contributes by investigating the interplay between the institutional context and the strategies of policy entrepreneurs, in the successful introduction of new policy ideas for services innovation. Building on insights from institutional theory, it argues that policy entrepreneurs are embedded in a multidimensional context of field-level conditions, multi-level standard operating procedures for policy development, and the social position of actors. It explores the activities of policy entrepreneurs in two countries—Finland and Ireland—and finds that differences in the institutional context help explain why some entrepreneurs are able to develop and implement new policies, while others fail. The article draws on comparative case study evidence including documentary analysis and interviews.