bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Managers of Aged Care Residential Services: 2006-2016
Authors: Martins Jo M , Isouard Godfrey 
Published: April 2019

Purpose : Aged care Australia is going through a transformation reform to respond to the growing number of aged people in need of support in daily living. In this context, this article provides analyses of the number and characteristics of managers of aged care residential services in relation to number of aged people, residents of aged care facilities and people employed in them.
Methodology/Design: Design of the analyses follows specifications provided by the authors for tabulations prepared by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) from the censuses of population conducted by ABS in 2006 and 2016.
Analysis : Analysis of changes of the number of managers of aged care residential facilities against the number of aged people, residents of aged care facilities, and people employed in them. Further, the analyses examine changes in the age and sex of managers, their category, field and level of education, weekly income, hours worked, marital status, country of birth and indigenous status.
Findings: There was a large increase in the number of employees and managers per resident, and a stable ratio of managers per employees. While the proportion of female managers declined, the average age of managers increased slightly. Both the fields and level of education remained similar in the decade. The average income of managers was similar as that in all industries in 2016, with a larger increase during the decade than in all industries. Average hours worked remained about the same. The same applied to marital status. The proportion of Australia-born managers declined while that of managers born in Asia rose substantially. The proportion of indigenous managers about doubled during the decade.
Implications: Relevance to those concerned with the evolving transformation of aged care in Australia and those interested with management training of the growing number of managers of aged care residential services.
Parâmetros na utilização de silagem de grão úmido de milho na bovinocultura de corte
Authors: Pereira Kárito Augusto , Ribeiro Renata Vaz , Oliveira Anderson Rodrigues de , Amaral Alliny das Graças 
Published: April 2019

Objetivou-se, por meio do presente trabalho, reunir aporte teórico, via revisão da literatura, sob alguns parâmetros na utilização de silagem de grão úmido de milho referentes à bovinocultura de corte. Demonstrando as perspectivas de produção e importância que o milho representa para a alimentação animal. Com uma crescente demanda na produção de milho a fim de atender as necessidades do crescimento de sistemas de confinamentos, somam fatores que contribuem com maior importância na utilização de grãos na elaboração de dietas na bovinocultura, sendo considerado como a principal fonte de energia em dietas de bovinos de corte. Visto que o cenário da produção de carne bovina se torna cada vez mais competitivo, demostrando sua eficiência na digestibilidade e elevando os índices de produção, apresentando resultando satisfatórios referentes à eficiência alimentar e composição da carcaça como força de cisalhamento, pH, cor, maciez sensorial, suculência e sabor da carne e aumento no teor de lipídios na carne dos animais que recebem dietas de silagem de grão úmido de milho, além de reduzir o dispêndio no transporte e armazenamento, concentrando a operação de moagem. Assim, a presente revisão versa sobre a viabilidade da utilização da silagem de grão úmido de milho, por se tratar de umas da poucas praticas que consegue reunir baixos custos em relação a silagem de milho convencional, aliada a elevada qualidade nutricional, sobretudo com alta resposta animal, com o objetivo de maximizar a digestibilidade do amido, sendo esta a característica de maior evidencia.
Nasionalisme Bangsa dan Melunturnya Semangat Bela Negara
Authors: Irfani Amalia 
Published: April 2019

“Bangsa yang besar adalah bangsa yang menghormati jasa pahlawannya”, demikian pesan yang pernah disampaikan oleh Presiden pertama RI sekaligus Proklamator kemerdekaan pada saat memperingati hari Pahlawan 10 November tahun 1961. Kata-kata yang sederhana namun mengandung makna sangat dalam. Sukarno sepertinya telah jauh berpikir ke depan tentang berbagai hal yang akan dilalui negeri ini nanti. Jika semangat nasionalisme mengusir penjajah berkobar dizamannya, sebaliknya semangat tersebut perlahan meredup seiring kedewasaan kemerdekaan Indonesia. Kini Ibu Pertiwi berduka, dalam sebuah lantunan nada, Ismail Marzuki komposer Indonesia di era 1950-an dan 1960-an, pun telah membahasakannya dalam beberapa bait lirik yang menyentuh hati.Tulisan ini secara singkat mengulas semangat nasionalisme di Indonesia, sejarah dan prosesnya. Sebuah keprihatinan terhadap keadaan negeri yang telah kehilangan semangat membangun, yang katanya kaya, santun dan bermartabat.“Bangsa yang besar adalah bangsa yang menghormati jasa pahlawannya”, demikian pesan yang pernah disampaikan oleh Presiden pertama RI sekaligus Proklamator kemerdekaan pada saat memperingati hari Pahlawan 10 November tahun 1961. Kata-kata yang sederhana namun mengandung makna sangat dalam. Sukarno sepertinya telah jauh berpikir ke depan tentang berbagai hal yang akan dilalui negeri ini nanti. Jika semangat nasionalisme mengusir penjajah berkobar dizamannya, sebaliknya semangat tersebut perlahan meredup seiring kedewasaan kemerdekaan Indonesia. Kini Ibu Pertiwi berduka, dalam sebuah lantunan nada, Ismail Marzuki komposer Indonesia di era 1950-an dan 1960-an, pun telah membahasakannya dalam beberapa bait lirik yang menyentuh hati.Tulisan ini secara singkat mengulas semangat nasionalisme di Indonesia, sejarah dan prosesnya. Sebuah keprihatinan terhadap keadaan negeri yang telah kehilangan semangat membangun, yang katanya kaya, santun dan bermartabat.
Bahasa Arab dan Peradaban Islam: Telaah atas Sejarah Perkembangan Bahasa Arab dalam Lintas Sejarah Peradaban Islam
Authors: Buhori Buhori , Wahidah Besse 
Published: April 2019

Tulisan ini berusaha untuk mengungkap peran besar dari bahasa Arab terhadap kemajuan peradaban Islam. Bahasa Arab yang disebut-sebut sebagai bahasa yang memperoleh garansi dan “proteksi ilahi” menjadi bagian yang tidak dapat dipisahkan dalam sejarah perkembangan dunia Islam. Dari sekian banyak bahasa yang ada di dunia, bahasa Arab dianggap sebagai bahasa yang paling banyak menyandang atribut. Ia sering dinamai sebagai bahasa agama dan umat Islam, bahasa dhad (lughah ad-dhâd) dan bahasa warisan sosial dan budaya (lughah at-turâts). Bahasa Arab merupakan anak dari bahasa Semit, yang notabenenya merupakan kaum yang besar peranannya dalam sejarah peradaban kuno. Oleh karnanya, bahasa ini memiliki beberapa bahasa serumpun, seperti bahasa Ibrani yang dipakai dalam kitab Injil dan Taurat, dan bahasa Suryani.Dalam sejarah peradaban Islam, bahasa Arab menjadi salah satu kunci keberhasilannya, yang salah satunya ditandai dengan adanya gerakan penerjemahan besar-besaran berbagai karya filosof Yunani dan ilmuwan Persia dan India ke dalam bahasa Arab, yang kemudian menjadi titik awal kemajuan peradaban dan khazanah keilmuan umat Islam.
MENGOKOHKAN DAKWAH SEBAGAI ILMU
Authors: Hefni Harjani 
Published: April 2019

Banyak kalangan yang mempertanyakan status keilmuan dakwah, apakah dakwah itu ilmu atau hanya sekedar pengetahuan. Jika dakwah itu ilmu, termasuk ilmu dalam paradigma yang mana; sebaliknya jika dakwah hanya pengetahuan, apakah termasuk pengetahuan yang telah memiliki sistematikanya atau hanya pengetahuan biasa yang tidak terstruktur dengan jelas. Bahkan sebagian kaum muslimin beranggapan bahwa dakwah hanyalah kegiatan memberikan peringatan, menyampaikan keutamaan Islam dan adab-adab dalam Islam kepada orang lain, bukan sebuah ilmu yang harus dipelajari dan tidak perlu spesialis yang professional untuk menyampaikan pesan-pesan agama.
Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menghilangkan keraguan kalangan yang mempertanyakan status keilmuan dakwah dengan pendekatan filsafat ilmu.
The Effect of Different Concentrations of Caffeine, Pentoxifylline and 2’-Deoxyadenosine on the Biological Properties of Frozen-Thawed Canine Semen
Authors: Lecewicz Marek , Strzeżek Rafał , Majewska Anna M. , Purpurowicz Piotr S. , Kordan Władysław 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Artificial insemination (AI) and semen cryopreservation are the most accessible and commonly used techniques for breeding domestic animals. Among many parameters, such as plasma membrane integrity and acrosome structure, one of the key factors that determine the quality of frozen-thawed samples for artificial insemination is sperm motility. Sperm motility is one of the key parameters that determine the quality of frozen-thawed samples for AI. The total number of progressively motile spermatozoa in thawed canine semen is correlated with fertility. A variety of substances were used to compare sperm motility with the control. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of semen extender supplementation with motility stimulants, pentoxifylline (PTX), caffeine (CAF) and 2’-deoxyadenosine (DX), after different post-thaw incubation times (30, 60, 120 min) on the motility, selected kinematic parameters, plasma membrane integrity and mitochondrial membrane potential of cryopreserved canine spermatozoa. During attempts to improve the quality of cryopreserved semen, the applied substances exerted beneficial effects at a concentration of 10 mM. We demonstrated that both phosphodiesterase inhibitors, caffeine and pentoxifylline, as well as 2’-deoxyadenosine increased the motility and selected kinematic parameters of thawed canine spermatozoa.
Influence of Cissus populnea stem extract on kinetics and thermodynamics of mild steel corrosion in acidic medium
Authors: Chahul Habibat F. , Orhemba David T. , Gbadamosi Taiwo A. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The inhibition of mild steel corrosion in 1.0 M HCl and 0.5 M H2SO4 by Cissus populnea stem extract was investigated using weight loss measurements in the temperature range of 303 – 333 K. Results from the study revealed that Cissus populnea stem extract inhibited the corrosion of mild steel in both acid media. Inhibition efficiency of the stem extract increased with increase in the extract concentration but decreased with immersion time. The kinetics of the reaction aligned with a first order type. Thermodynamics investigations showed that Cissus populnea extract is adsorbed on the steel surface through physical interactions, and the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous. Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models best described the adsorption mechanism of the stem extract on the steel surface.
Prevalence of infections with Clostridium difficile on potential pathology groups
Authors: Tache Traian , Chirică Răzvan , Radu Marius-Daniel , Gegiu Gabriela , Rugină Sorin 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Enterotoxins produced by Clostridium difficile cause a series of biochemical and immunological manifestations in the cascade leading to alteration of the enterocitus cytoskeleton, intestinal inflammation and diarrhea that can greatly impair the patient’s biological status. The genome of the Clostridium difficile bacterium shows a series of evolutionary adaptations that can give it a high degree of resistance or adaptability to many known pharmacological classes. Changing the diversity of intestinal microbiota induced by the use of antibiotics creates a favorable environment from all points of view for Clostridium difficile spore activity. The theme addresses in an original way but related to the epidemiological studies presented in the literature a correlative aspect between the pathological group and the infection with Clostridium difficile. From the data presented, there is a direct correlation between Clostridium difficile infection and the use of antibiotic therapy as a curative or preventive treatment. Gastrointestinal and neurological pathologies, due to the use of curative but also preventive antibiotic therapy, are at increased risk for the installation of Clostridium difficile infection. The study presented may be a first step in raising awareness of the rational use of antibiotics and avoiding non-assisted community antibiotic therapy.
Batch washing of lead contaminated and spiked soils using extracts of dried Terminalia mantaly, Panicum maximum and Eleusine indica plants
Authors: Etim Effiong Ukorebi 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Application of dried plant water soluble extracts in soil Pb decontamination is rear, but advantageous due to their ecological biodegradability. Single batch laboratory scale suitability of Terminalia mantaly, Panicum maximum, Eleusine indica and water as washing solutions for Pb removal from contaminated and spiked soils at different soil pulp densities (3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, 15% and 18%) and washing time (1, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 96 h) was investigated. Washings of Terminalia mantaly and Panicum maximum proved more efficient comparatively for contaminated soil with Pb removal efficiency of 27.2±0.64% and 27.0±0.52% respectively at 3% soil pulp density and washing time of 96 h. Removal efficiency increased with increasing washing time but decreased with increasing of soil pulp density. Furthermore, water was found effective for removing Pb from spiked soils with maximum removal efficiency of 74.5±3.38% at 3% soil pulp density after 1 h washing. High exchangeable fraction of Pb (81.2%) in spiked soil makes water more suitable against other washing solutions. Statistical t-testing showed significant difference in Pb removal efficiency between contaminated and spiked soils for all four washing solutions, reflecting differences in geochemical phases of Pb in both soils. Terminalia mantaly and Panicum maximum showed promising result in soil washing and have potential for application in Pb removal from contaminated soils. However, chemical modifications are needed to enhance and improve on their efficiencies. Similarly, more information is needed to predict and model removal efficiencies when multiple washing steps are applied.
Gene selection ensembles and classifier ensembles for medical diagnosis
Authors: Ćwiklińska-Jurkowska Małgorzata 
Published: April 2019

Summary
The usefulness of combining methods is examined using the example of microarray cancer data sets, where expression levels of huge numbers of genes are reported. Problems of discrimination into two groups are examined on three data sets relating to the expression of huge numbers of genes. For the three examined microarray data sets, the cross-validation errors evaluated on the remaining half of the whole data set, not used earlier for the selection of genes, were used as measures of classifier performance. Common single procedures for the selection of genes—Prediction Analysis of Microarrays (PAM) and Significance Analysis of Microarrays (SAM)—were compared with the fusion of eight selection procedures, or of a smaller subset of five of them, excluding SAM or PAM. Merging five or eight selection methods gave similar results. Based on the misclassification rates for the three examined microarray data sets, for any examined ensemble of classifiers, the combining of gene selection methods was not superior to single PAM or SAM selection for two of the examined data sets. Additionally, the procedure of heterogeneous combining of five base classifiers—k-nearest neighbors, SVM linear and SVM radial with parameter c=1, shrunken centroids regularized classifier (SCRDA) and nearest mean classifier—proved to significantly outperform resampling classifiers such as bagging decision trees. Heterogeneously combined classifiers also outperformed double bagging for some ranges of gene numbers and data sets, but merging is generally not superior to random forests. The preliminary step of combining gene rankings was generally not essential for the performance for either heterogeneously or homogeneously combined classifiers.
A cytogenetic and pollen study of annual Medicago species from Soummam Valley (Northeastern of Algeria)
Authors: Djafri-Bouallag Linda , Ourari Malika , Sahnoune Mohamed 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This paper reports a cytogenetic study of eight Medicago L. species sampled from the Soummam Valley (northeastern Algeria). Chromosome numbers and meiosis irregularities during microsporogenesis were explored. Pollen viability rate and pollen size were also examined. The studied taxa are diploid and display biva-lent pairing and regular chromosome segregation during meiosis. Although meiosis appears regular, some anomalies were detected in relatively high cumulated rates (14.66%–26.14%). The most common meiotic abnormality examined here is related to cytomixis (from 14.66% in M. littoralis to 25.83% in M. laciniata). Other anomalies were also detected, including chromatic bridges, asynchronous divisions, micronuclei and multipolar cells. Consequently, the species exhibited varying percentages of pollen viability (from 70.11% in M. laciniata to 99.14% in M. littoralis). Pollen viability was negatively correlated with meiotic abnormalities (Pearson correlation coefficient R = −0.72, p = 0.043). The pollen grains were also heterogeneous in size. Medicago truncatula Gaertn. and M. laciniata (L.) Miller presented the most variable pollen size (relative standard deviation exceeding 19%). Medicago littoralis is distinguished from other species by possessing homogeneous and large sized pollen (relative standard deviation RSD = 6.73 %). The cytogenetic and pollen data provided by this study are discussed in the context of species systematics and in the perspective of genetic improvement.
Training Transfer: a Moderator of Entrepreneurial Performance Determinants
Authors: Genty Kabiru Ishola 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The present study examines the moderating effect of training transfer on the determinants of entrepreneurial performance among owners of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Lagos State, Nigeria. The study adopts a quantitative approach using a cross-sectional descriptive survey while Cochran (1977) formula for sample size determination is used to calculate the sample size. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) approach and Multi-Group Analysis are applied to test the stated research hypothesis. Prior to full use of the model, the researcher ensures that the model meets the acceptable goodness-of-fit indices: X
2 (CMIN) = 387.238 (DF = 196), Relative X
2 (CMIN/DF) = 1.976, AGFI = 0.870, GFI = 0.899, CFI = 0.939, IFI = 0.939, TLI = 0.928 and RMSEA = 0.056. The structural model has revealed that the relationship between personal qualities, business competences, and environmental factors are moderated by training transfer in the study with measurement residual X
2 greater than unconstrained X
2 based on model comparison output ΔX
2 (CMIN) = 140.931; Δdf = 57; p = 0.000. Therefore, there is presence of moderation effect of training transfer on the determinants of entrepreneurial performance in the overall model.
The Leader Approach Across The European Union: One Method of Rural Development, Many Forms of Implementation
Authors: Konečný Ondřej 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
After the accession of the ten new member states to the EU in 2004 and the following membership of Bulgaria and Romania in 2007, the (neo)endogenous development method LEADER has become pan-European. LEADER was implemented in all EU countries in the period 2007–2013, however, its application and potential to impact rural areas differed from country to country. Therefore, the aim of the article is to describe these differences on the basis of support outputs of LEADER under Axis 4 of the Rural Development Programs in 2007–2013. Respecting different path dependencies of the EU states, the article demonstrates the differences in the implementation of this method in two basic territorial units of the EU member states according to the length of the EU membership, as well as the length of experience in implementation of the LEADER method. The scope of LEADER implementation and the potential impact significantly differed between the old and new member states, and the internal heterogeneity of groups is also evident. On the one hand, lack of embeddedness of the method is manifested among the EU12 states (the need for dynamic growth of institutional capacity), on the other hand, socio-economic and political factors modify scope, potential impact and way of implementation of the method in individual countries.
Small Towns and Rural Areas – as A Prospective Place of Modern Retail Trade Formats in Poland
Authors: Twardzik Małgorzata , Heffner Krystian 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Retail trade and services are becoming the most dynamically developing sector of non-agricultural activity in Polish rural areas. State-owned and cooperative stores have been closed down and they were replaced mostly by private stores. There are more and more commercial outlets of various formats, including supermarket chains, discount stores and integrated chains. Despite growing number of modern retail trade formats, traditional small-format, often referred to as local market is also really important. New trading posts in small towns and rural areas are mainly located in the zones of influence of larger cities. They affect many changes of spatial, social and economic character. Small towns and rural areas surrounding them more and more frequently start to compete for further retail trade investments while noticing lots of benefits and costs of this process. The aim of the article is to show the scale of new retail investment in small towns and rural areas in Poland. Research devoted to this field is important from the point of view of choosing the location of new investments related to discount chains and of the strategy for the development of small towns and rural areas. Identification of consequences of the operation of discount chains in chosen rural areas and in small towns can impact the verification of the policy adopted by local authorities in relation to spatial planning and forming the functional structure.
Servitization as A Tool to Increase Vitality of Ageing Rural Community
Authors: Vidickiene Dalia , Gedminaite-Raudone Zivile 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Recently, the EU policy measures have been widely applied to encourage early retirement from farming. Current age structure of society requires opposite approach. Key challenges for rural development policy aiming to increase quality of life of elder people are dealing not only with traditional help and support measures, but also with the involvement of elder generation into economic and social life. New EU agricultural policy measures should ensure that funding and institutional incentives support extending working and active social life of elder farmers. One of the possible ways to change the approach deals with servitization. However, despite implementation of service-driven business model in agriculture, which opened new possibilities to use knowledge and experience of old generation, the servitization movement is still weak in agriculture. Restricted adoption of service-driven business models in agriculture largely depends on the lack of research on this topic and guidelines for practitioners. The aim of this paper is to conceptualize the organizational model aiming to implement product-service system in agricultural business by joint efforts of elder farmers and beginning gardeners. Case study on innovative servitization initiative “Rent a piece of garden” in rural areas of Lithuania is used as an illustration of innovative business model in agriculture and territorial servitization with multifaceted impact on vitality of ageing rural community and as a source to gain new knowledge on how to organize similar projects.