bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustained Breastfeeding, Complementation, and Care
Authors: Greiner Ted 
Published: November 2018

Breastfeeding can enhance care of infants. In most cultures there is an age after which breastfeeding is no longer considered socially acceptable. In Western countries, shorter periods have long been the norm. Researchers may underestimate how common sustained breastfeeding is in both industrialized and low-income settings. Little is known about the contributions breastfeeding may make to the emotional and physical health of mothers and infants when sustained for longer periods. It clearly offers economic and certain nutritional advantages, such as preventing severe vitamin A deficiency, and it reduces fertility. Sustained breastfeeding is often associated with slower child growth. This is probably not often a unidimensional causal relationship. Part of the explanation may be that sustained breastfeeding increases infant survival under extreme conditions of poverty and food insecurity. The duration of breastfeeding, especially exclusive breastfeeding, may have decreased in some areas in recent decades due to inappropriate messages from health workers, in part due to a lack of careful definitions. A schematic figure depicts four separate processes, each referred to at times as “weaning.” To reduce the incidence of early cessation of breastfeeding, it is important to separate the “complementation” and “replacement” components. Modernization processes such as urbanization can occur so rapidly that new ideas for achieving infant care goals may be needed. However, in relatively stable resource-poor settings, care strategies such as sustained breastfeeding are likely to be well adapted, and outsiders would be wise to focus on protecting them. Indeed, breastfeeding programmes should place priority on protection (marketing codes) and support (breastfeeding-friendly practices at delivery and support measures for women in the market labour force) before promotion (mass media).
Efficacy and safety of ceftaroline: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Rosanova Maria T. , Aguilar Pedro S. , Sberna Norma , Lede Roberto 
Published: November 2018

Background: Resistance to antibiotics is steadily increasing. Ceftaroline has a broad spectrum of activity against clinically relevant gram-positive strains including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Objectives: This systematic review was conducted to evaluate whether ceftaroline is effective and safe, leading to a lower rate of treatment failures than comparators. Material and methods: Studies were included if they were comparing the efficacy and safety of ceftaroline with other antibiotics. Data sources: Using the search terms ‘ceftaroline’ or ‘ceftaroline fosamil’, a search strategy was developed. The efficacy endpoint was the rate of treatment failure, while the safety endpoint was the incidence of adverse events. Heterogeneity bias was estimated using the Q-test, and publication bias was estimated using Egger’s test. Null hypothesis was rejected if p value was less than 0.05. Results: Only 10 studies were included. Synthesis of results: The risk of treatment failure was significantly lower for ceftaroline than for comparators, and cumulative meta-analysis showed that the effect size was relevant and precise. Pooled risk ratio was 0.79 (95% confidence interval = 0.65–0.95). The rates of adverse events were similar among the studies, and there were no statistically significant differences between groups. For this endpoint, there was a significant heterogeneity among studies ( p = 0.03). Pooled risk ratio for adverse events was 0.98 (95% confidence interval = 0.87–1.10), without a statistical difference. Discussion: The risk of treatment failure was significantly lower for ceftaroline than comparators, while the rate of adverse events was similar. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic review on the efficacy and safety of ceftaroline including children and adults. A limitation is that no randomized controlled trials were found in non-complicated skin- and soft-tissue infection and non-community-acquired pneumonia infections; only few cases with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolations and no patients admitted to the intensive care unit were evaluated. Interpretation: Ceftaroline may be an option of treatment in complicated skin- and soft-tissue infection and community-acquired pneumonia.
The Global Program Era: Contemporary International Fiction in the American Creative Economy
Authors: Nadiminti Kalyan 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
“The Global Program Era” traces the rise of the international writer from the global South in the North American master of fine arts (MFA) program and the resulting effects on the contemporary global anglophone novel. Extrapolating from Mark McGurl's The Program Era (2009), I suggest that the creative writing program not only was instrumental in shaping postwar American letters but also continues to be of great relevance for contemporary global South writing. The article argues that developing-world MFA novelists have redeployed a Cold War programmatic imperative to “find your voice” through the stylistic development of what I am calling “vernacular anglophone realism.” The turn to the non-anglophone vernacular continues the postwar tradition of ethnic ventriloquism for a mainly bourgeois Western audience but also supplements a new non-Western, middle-class audience. Vernacular anglophone realism cultivates a sense of natality without losing the author's linguistic and geopolitical security in the English language, therefore allowing the global South writer to address both Western and non-Western audiences. While this might seem like a welcome development—one that refines an Orientalist market logic diagnosed by Graham Huggan as “the postcolonial exotic”—the article argues that MFA programs have encouraged a style of writing that centralizes the primacy of a global bourgeois/middle-class reader. Subsequently, the global South writer has become firmly ensconced in a financialized American creative market. While global anglophone literature has emerged as a critical reference for persistent injury by British colonialism, the article shifts the conversation to the cultural development of the American anglophone novel to query whether turning to the vernacular evades the problem of U.S. exceptionalism.
Transcriptional response to Wnt activation regulates the regenerative capacity of the mammalian cochlea
Authors: Samarajeewa Anshula , Lenz Danielle R. , Xie Lihong , Chiang Hao , Kirchner Rory , Mulvaney Joanna F. , Edge Albert S. B. , Dabdoub Alain 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
Lack of sensory hair cell (HC) regeneration in mammalian adults is a major contributor to hearing loss. In contrast, the neonatal mouse cochlea retains a transient capacity for regeneration, and forced Wnt activation in neonatal stages promotes supporting cell (SC) proliferation and induction of ectopic HCs. We currently know little about the temporal pattern and underlying mechanism of this age-dependent regenerative response. Using an in vitro model, we show that Wnt activation promotes SC proliferation following birth, but prior to postnatal day (P) 5. This age-dependent decline in proliferation occurs despite evidence that the Wnt pathway is postnatally active and can be further enhanced by Wnt stimulators. Using an in vivo mouse model and RNA sequencing, we show that proliferation in the early neonatal cochlea is correlated with a unique transcriptional response that diminishes with age. Furthermore, we find that augmenting Wnt signaling through the neonatal stages extends the window for HC induction in response to Notch signaling inhibition. Our results suggest that the downstream transcriptional response to Wnt activation, in part, underlies the regenerative capacity of the mammalian cochlea.
Inhibition of microRNA suppression of Dishevelled results in Wnt pathway-associated developmental defects in sea urchin
Authors: Sampilo Nina Faye , Stepicheva Nadezda A. , Zaidi Syed Aun Murtaza , Wang Lingyu , Wu Wei , Wikramanayake Athula , Song Jia L. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are highly conserved, small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expressions by binding to the 3′ untranslated region of target mRNAs thereby silencing translation. Some miRNAs are key regulators of the Wnt signaling pathways, which impact developmental processes. This study investigates miRNA regulation of different isoforms of Dishevelled (Dvl/Dsh), which encode a key component in the Wnt signaling pathway. The sea urchin Dvl mRNA isoforms have similar spatial distribution in early development, but one isoform is distinctively expressed in the larval ciliary band. We demonstrated that Dvl isoforms are directly suppressed by miRNAs. By blocking miRNA suppression of Dvl isoforms, we observed dose-dependent defects in spicule length, patterning of the primary mesenchyme cells, gut morphology, and cilia. These defects likely result from increased Dvl protein levels, leading to perturbation of Wnt-dependent signaling pathways and additional Dvl-mediated processes. We further demonstrated that overexpression of Dvl isoforms recapitulated some of the Dvl miRNATP-induced phenotypes. Overall, our results indicate that miRNA suppression of Dvl isoforms plays an important role in ensuring proper development and function of primary mesenchyme cells and cilia.
The plant hormone auxin beats the time for oscillating light-regulated lateral root induction
Authors: Kircher Stefan , Schopfer Peter 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
The molecular mechanism underlying the periodic induction of lateral roots, a paradigmatic example of clock-driven organ formation in plant development, is a matter of ongoing, controversial debate. Here, we provide experimental evidence that this clock is frequency modulated by light and that auxin serves as a mediator for translating continuous light signals into discontinuous gene activation signals preceding the initiation of lateral roots in Arabidopsis seedlings. Based on this evidence, we propose a molecular model of an ultradian biological clock involving auxin-dependent degradation of an AUX/IAA-type transcription repressor as a flexible, frequency-controlling delay element. This model widens the bandwidth of biological clocks by adding a new type that allows the pace of organ formation to adapt to the changing environmental demands of the growing plant.
Promotion of Single-Strand Invasion of PNA to Double-Stranded DNA by Pseudo-Complementary Base Pairing
Authors: Shigi Narumi , Mizuno Yuki , Kunifuda Hiroko , Matsumura Kazunari , Komiyama Makoto 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Canonical peptide nucleic acid (PNA), in which naturally occurring nucleobases (A, G, C, and T) are bound to a poly(N-(2-aminoethyl)glycine) backbone, forms a stable duplex with single-stranded complementary DNA. However, this PNA hardly forms stable complexes with double-stranded DNA. We here show that, when some of the A and T groups therein are replaced with pseudo-complementary nucleobases (2,6-diaminopurine and 2-thiouracil), even only one strand of this partially pseudo-complementary PNA efficiently invades double-stranded DNA. This single-strand invasion spontaneously occurs at 25–50 °C, indicating its promising applicability to versatile purposes both in vivo and in vitro. The promotion by 2,6-diaminopurine is primarily attributed to the formation of an additional hydrogen bond with T in one of the two DNA strands, whereas the 2-S atom in 2-thiouracil promotes stacking interactions with adjacent nucleobases. Furthermore, the present new methodology is successfully employed to site-selective scission of double-stranded DNA, in which the single-stranded portion, formed upon the single-strand invasion, is preferentially hydrolyzed by CeIV/EDTA complex.
Case Report: Resolution of chronic urticaria following treatment of odontogenic infection
Authors: Tadros Susan , Bahal Sameer , Nagendran Vasantha 
Published: November 2018

Background: Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a condition characterised by the presence of hives with/without angioedema, that affects individuals on more days than not for 6 weeks or more. The role of infection as a potential trigger for CSU is well described, but the current clinical guidelines do not recommend routine screening for underlying infections. Main observations: We report a case of severe prolonged chronic spontaneous urticaria in a 19-year-old, that went into rapid remission following the treatment of dental infection. Conclusions: Clinicians should recognise the potential role that infection can have in causing chronic urticaria. There should be a low threshold to treat infection in such circumstances.
Evidence gap map of performance measurement and management in primary care delivery systems in low- and middle-income countries – Study protocol
Authors: Munar Wolfgang , Snilstveit Birte , Stevenson Jennifer , Biswas Nilakshi , Eyers John , Butera Gisela , Baffour Theresa , Aranda Ligia E. 
Published: November 2018

Background.For the last two decades there has been growing interest in governmental and global health stakeholders about the role that performance measurement and management systems can play for the production of high-quality and safely delivered primary care services. Despite recognition and interest, the gaps in evidence in this field of research and practice in low- and middle-income countries remain poorly characterized. This study will develop an evidence gap map in the area of performance management in primary care delivery systems in low- and middle-income countries.Methods.The evidence gap map will follow the methodology developed by 3Ie, the International Initiative for Impact Evaluation, to systematically map evidence and research gaps. The process starts with the development of the scope by creating an evidence-informed framework that helps identify the interventions and outcomes of relevance as well as help define inclusion and exclusion criteria. A search strategy is then developed to guide the systematic search of the literature, covering the following databases: Medline (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), CAB Global Health (Ovid), CINAHL (Ebsco), Cochrane Library, Scopus (Elsevier), and Econlit (Ovid). Sources of grey literature are also searched. Studies that meet the inclusion criteria are systematically coded, extracting data on intervention, outcome, measures, context, geography, equity, and study design. Systematic reviews are also critically appraised using an existing standard checklist. Impact evaluations are not appraised but will be coded according to study design. The process of map-building ends with the creation of an evidence gap map graphic that displays the available evidence according to the intervention and outcome framework of interest.Discussion. Implications arising from the evidence map will be discussed in a separate paper that will summarize findings and make recommendations for the development of a prioritized research agenda.
Computable Error Bounds of Laplace Inversion for Pricing Asian Options
Authors: Song Yingda , Cai Ning , Kou Steven 
Published: November 2018

The prices of Asian options, which are among the most important options in financial engineering, can often be written in terms of Laplace transforms. However, computable error bounds of the Laplace inversions are rarely available to guarantee their accuracy. We conduct a thorough analysis of the inversion of the Laplace transforms for continuously and discretely monitored Asian option prices under general continuous-time Markov chains (CTMCs), which can be used to approximate any one-dimensional Markov process. More precisely, we derive computable bounds for the discretization and truncation errors involved in the inversion of Laplace transforms. Numerical results indicate that the algorithm is fast and easy to implement, and the computable error bounds are especially suitable to provide benchmark prices under CTMCs. The online supplement is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2017.0805 .
The Meet-in-the-Middle Principle for Cutting and Packing Problems
Authors: Côté Jean-François , Iori Manuel 
Published: November 2018

Cutting and packing (C&P) is a fundamental research area that models a large number of managerial and industrial optimization issues. A solution to a C&P problem basically consists of a set of one-dimensional or multidimensional items packed in/cut from one or more bins, by satisfying problem constraints and minimizing a given objective function. Normal patterns are a well-known C&P technique used to build solutions where each item is aligned to the bottom of the bin along each dimension. They are used in several C&P techniques because they can reduce the search space while preserving optimality, but their limit is that their number grows consistently when number of items and size of the bin increase. In this paper we propose a new set of patterns, called meet in the middle, that preserves optimality and leads to several interesting results. Their computation is achieved with the same time complexity as that of the normal patterns, but their number is never higher, and in practical applications it frequently shows reductions of about 50%. These new patterns are applied to improve some exact state-of-the-art C&P techniques, including arc-flow formulations, combinatorial branch-and-bound algorithms, and mixed-integer linear programs. The efficacy of the improved techniques is assessed by extensive computational tests on a number of relevant applications. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2018.0806 .
Joint Ship Schedule Design and Sailing Speed Optimization for a Single Inland Shipping Service with Uncertain Dam Transit Time
Authors: Tan Zhijia , Wang Yadong , Meng Qiang , Liu Zhixue 
Published: November 2018

Inland shipping has received extensive attention in practice and is a high energy-consuming service sensitive to the river streamflow speed and the uncertain lock traversing time of dams. In this study, we propose a joint ship schedule design and sailing speed optimization problem for a single inland shipping service by incorporating the effects of nonidentical streamflow speed and the uncertain dam transit time. A bi-objective programming model is developed for the proposed problem to simultaneously minimize the total bunker consumption and the ship round-trip time with service level constraints. The service level at each port call is captured by the punctual arrival probability of the ship not less than a predefined value. By introducing the term of buffer times, we analytically derive the Pareto optimal solutions of the ship sailing speeds and schedule. The theoretical method is extended to the case with an arbitrary number of dams and the uncertain port service and leg voyage time. We also examine the relationship between the Pareto optimal solution in this study and the solutions of the previous joint sailing speed and schedule optimization problems in the liner shipping service design. Numerical experiments based on the Yangtze River are conducted. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2017.0808 .
Moralische Forderungen und Relativismus
Authors: Wendt Fabian 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPeter Stemmer has developed an elegant and impressive theory of normativity and morality. In this article, I try to show that he does not achieve two goals he set for himself. First, his theory does not capture the categorical bindingness of moral demands, even in Stemmer’s own interpretation of categorical bindingness: it does not show that wemustfollow moral demands no matter what our personal goals and desires are. Second, just because it would be rational to establish positive moralities in a hypothetical pre-moral scenario, it does not follow – and Stemmer does not establish – that only positive moralities that are in the interest of all members (and contain a prohibition on oppression) arelegitimate. For that reason, his contractarian theory collapses into relativism.
Effect of the hydrothermal activity in the Lower Yangtze region on marine shale gas enrichment: A case study of Lower Cambrian and Upper Ordovician-Lower Silurian shales in Jiangye-1 well
Authors: Liu Weiwei , Zhang Kun , Jiang Zhenxue , Jiang Shu , Song Yan , Jia Chengzao , Huang Yizhou , Wen Ming , Liu Tianlin , Xie Xuelian , Wang Pengfei , Shan Chang’an , Liu Xiaoxue , Wang Xin 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Finding favorable sites for the exploration of shale gas, is still one of the important areas of research that needs immediate attention. The content of organic matter in shale plays a crucial role in the hydrocarbon generation potential, reservoir space and gas-bearing capacity of shales. Therefore, studying the sedimentary environment of organic shale can provide a scientific basis for locating favorable exploration areas for shale gas. The article takes the Lower Cambrian and the Upper Ordovician-Lower Silurian shales in the Yangtze region as the research object and selects representative wells to quantitatively calculate the existence of excess silicon in shale siliceous minerals and the content of excess silicon. Then, the origin of excess silicon can be clarified by the Al, Fe and Mn elemental analysis. Finally, the sedimentary organic matter enrichment mechanism is analyzed from water oxidation-reduction environments and biological productivity. The results of the study show that the excess silicon in the Lower Cambrian and Upper Ordovician-Lower Silurian shales in the Lower Yangtze region is of hydrothermal origin. The hydrothermal activity improves biological fertility on the one hand; whereas on the other hand, it can enhance the reducing capacity of the bottom water conducive for the preservation of organic matter thereby enriching the sedimentary organic matter. The place near the junction of Yangtze plate and Cathaysian plate, where hydrothermal activities were more intense, provided favorable loci for shale gas exploration in the Lower Yangtze region. It was observed that, since the hydrothermal activity was stronger in the Early Cambrian than in the Late Ordovician-Early Silurian times, the total organic carbon (TOC) content of the Lower Cambrian shale was higher than that of the Upper Ordovician-Lower Silurian shales.
Quantifying the scales of spatial variation in gravel beds using terrestrial and airborne laser scanning data
Authors: Huang Guo-Hao , Atkinson Peter M. , Wang Chi-Kuei 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Previous studies measured gravel bed surfaces by terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and close-range photogrammetry suggested the presence of at least two different scales of spatial variation in gravel bed surfaces. This study investigated the spatial variation of airborne laser scanning (ALS) point clouds acquired in gravel bed. Due to the large footprint of ALS systems, a smoother surface is expected, but there exists some uncertainty over the precise scale of ALS measurement (hereafter referred to as the spatial support). As a result, we applied the regularization method, which is a variogram upscaling approach, to investigate the true support of ALS data. The regularization results suggested that the gravel bed surface described by the ALS is much smoother than expected in terms of the ALS reported measurement scale. Moreover, we applied the factorial kriging (FK) method, which allows mapping of different scales of variation present in the data separately (different from ordinary kriging which produces a single map), to obtain the river bed topography at each scale of spatial variation. We found that the short-range and long-range FK maps of the TLS-derived DSMs were able to highlight the edges of gravels and clusters of gravels, respectively. The long-range FK maps of the ALS data shows a pattern of gravel-bed clusters and aggregations of gravels. However, the short-range FK maps of the ALS data produced noisy maps, due to the smoothing effect. This analysis, thus, shows clearly that ALS data may be insufficient for geomorphological and hydraulic engineering applications that require the resolution of individual gravels.