bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
REFUGEE BACKGROUND STUDENTS TRANSITIONING INTO HIGHER EDUCATION: NAVIGATING COMPLEX SPACES
Authors: Playsted Skye 
Published: December 2018

REFUGEE BACKGROUND STUDENTS TRANSITIONING INTO HIGHER EDUCATION: NAVIGATING COMPLEX SPACESLoshini Naidoo, Jane Wilkinson, Misty Adoniou, and Kiprono LangatSingapore: Springer, 2018
Phased Pilot Approach Reduces Uncertainty in Carbonate Steamflood Development
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: December 2018

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 191695, “Results From a Phased Piloting Approach in the First Eocene Reservoir of Wafra: Reducing Uncertainties in Carbonate Steamflood Development,” by David Barge, SPE, Joel Brown, Raushan Kumar, Chris Lolley, SPE, Ruurd Bartlema, and Saleh Al-Ghamdi, Chevron, prepared for the 2018 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Dallas, 24–26 September. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
The First Eocene is a multibillion-barrel heavy-oil carbonate reservoir in the Wafra field, located in the Partitioned Zone (PZ) between Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. After more than 60 years of primary production, expected recovery is low and provides a good target for enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) processes. A phased piloting approach has been used to reduce the uncertainties (subsurface and surface) related to application of thermal EOR processes in this field.
Introduction
Wafra is one of four major fields located in the PZ (Fig. 1). Because of the low primary oil recovery and large original oil in place of the Wafra Eocene reservoirs, a significant EOR opportunity exists. A detailed geological description of the reservoir is provided in the complete paper.
Because of key surface and sub-surface uncertainties, along with the high cost of implementing a full-field steamflood-development (FFSFD) project, a phased, sequential approach, from piloting to FFSFD, was implemented. This approach was required so that critical uncertainties could be evaluated efficiently and sequentially in a time-frame consistent with overall reservoir- development objectives while managing capital exposure.
Pilot Planning and Design Steamflood Pilots. A specific set of objectives, primary and secondary, was developed for each of the continuous-steam-injection (CSI) pilots. Primary objectives were identified as being critical for progression to the next phase (piloting/FFSFD); secondary objectives were regarded as important in understanding identified uncertainties, but not necessarily project roadblocks. Success measures for the pilots were derived from the key metrics that were prerequisites for the next phase. These success measures were formulated to ensure that learnings gained will be used to support the design and operational planning of the next phase.
A five-spot pattern on a 1.25-acre steamflood-pilot, small-scale test (SST) was a continuation of the phased approach in managing and mitigating technical uncertainties related to implementing steamflooding. The primary objectives of the SST were to test whether Eocene-produced water could be treated to produce suitable feedwater for steam generation and to test steam injectivity in the First Eocene reservoir. The SST was conducted in First Eocene C Zone/Steam Zone 3 and successfully proved sustained injectivity using steam generated from the produced water. The SST was a pre-lude to a multipattern steamflood pilot known as the large-scale pilot (LSP).
Technology Focus: Well Integrity (January 2019)
Authors: Alcantara Santos Otto Luiz 
Published: December 2018

Technology Focus
Since the beginning of deepwater operations, hydrocarbons in the riser, especially natural gas, have been a plague to the oil and gas industry. The reports of gas-in-riser-related accidents are many, including deaths, blowouts, damage to multimillion-dollar facilities, collapsing risers, and environmental effects. Most infamous was the Deepwater Horizon blowout. If there had been any timely means of detecting the gas coming up the riser, all of these events could have been avoided easily by closing the blowout preventer. Since the 1980s, many technical works have focused on improving the ability to detect hydrocarbons inside the riser and safely remove them from the system. This trend gained extra momentum with the advent of systems such as riser-gas handlers and managed-pressure drilling.
One very important recent development in terms of research on gas in risers is happening at Louisiana State University (LSU). LSU was awarded a $4.91 million grant by the Gulf Research Program, an independent science-based program managed by the National Academy of Sciences. The 3-year project, currently under way, will use an actual well at the LSU Petroleum Engineering Research and Technology Transfer Laboratory to be recompleted with modern distributed instrumentation in combination with other laboratory-scale experiments being performed at LSU and project partners at Texas A&M University. The experimental data will be very important in verifying the theoretical parts of the project. Faculty members of both institutions will conduct the research studies. This project is expected not only to bring scientific and technical dividends, but also to develop competence and expertise of the personnel involved with the project. Furthermore, it will provide LSU with research facilities that may be used in other related full-scale projects and training of industry personnel in the prevention and controlling of gas-in-riser events.
Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.
OTC 27242 Mitigating Gas-in-Riser Rapid Unloading for Deepwater Dual-Gradient Well Control by Zhaoguang Yuan, Schlumberger, et al.
SPE 180292 Mathematical Modeling of Gas in Riser by Ulf Jakob Flø Aarsnes, IRIS/DrillWell, et al.
SPE/IADC 189403 Well Integrity: Next Developments by Bjorn Brechan, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, et al.
Facilitating trial recruitment: A qualitative study of patient and staff experiences of an orthopaedic trauma trial
Authors: Phelps Emma , Tutton Elizabeth , Griffin Xavier , Baird Janis 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Background: Qualitative research has been used to explore patients’ and healthcare professionals’ experiences of surgical randomised controlled trials (RCTs). From this research, reasons why patients accept or decline participation and barriers to engaging clinicians in trials have been identified. In a trauma setting, recruitment to surgical trials can be particularly difficult as patients may require urgent treatment and their ability to consider their options, ask questions and reach a decision may be hindered by the impact of their injury. Little research however, has explored patients’ and healthcare professionals’ experiences of surgical RCTs in a trauma setting. This study aimed to understand participants’ and staffs’ experiences of an orthopaedic trauma trial.
Methods: We carried out semi-structured interviews with 11 participants and 24 staff (10 surgeons and 14 research associates) participating in a UK multi-centre feasibility trial comparing intramedullary nails versus distal locking plates for fractures of the distal femur (TrAFFix). Interviews explored patients’ experience of TrAFFix and their reason for participating and staffs’ experience of recruiting to TrAFFix and trauma trials more generally. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis.
Results: Three themes were identified. These were i) navigating research with patients after orthopaedic trauma, ii) knowing that it is the right decision and iii) making it work. These themes reflect: i) how research associates supported and guided patients through the consent process enabling them to participate, ii) the difficulty in engaging surgeons in a trial when individual equipoise and experience of the interventions is low despite the presence of community equipoise and iii) the way in which research teams worked together and encouraged the development of a research culture within the clinical teams in order to facilitate recruitment.
Conclusions: Our findings highlight the pivotal role of research associates (RAs) in facilitating trial recruitment. RAs supported patients to enable them to make a decision about participation and assisted in developing a research culture within the team by promoting studies and communicating research to clinical staff. Our findings also reinforce surgeons’ difficulty with equipoise and suggest that accepting community equipoise could facilitate recruitment.
Keywords: Qualitative, Interviews, experience, recruitment, trials,
Nitrogen Fertility and Cultivar Effects on Potato Agronomic Properties and Acrylamide‐forming Potential
Authors: Sun Na , Wang Yi , Gupta Sanjay K. , Rosen Carl J. 
Published: December 2018

Core Ideas
Agronomic practices can affect compounds involved with acrylamide formation in processed potato
Increasing N rate increased tuber asparagine
Tuber reducing sugars were not consistently affected by N rate
Newly developed cultivars had lower acrylamide forming potential than Russet Burbank
Acrylamide is a potentially harmful compound when consumed in the human diet and is formed during potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) processing from the precursors reducing sugars and asparagine. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of N rate (135–404 kg ha−1) on tuber yield and quality and tuber reducing sugars and asparagine concentrations in newly released cultivars Easton and Dakota Russet, relative to the standard cultivar Russet Burbank. Tuber samples were collected at intervals from initial set through harvest during two growing seasons. Tuber yield of all cultivars increased quadratically with increasing N rate. Highest yield was produced by Easton, followed by Russet Burbank and Dakota Russet. Russet Burbank had more tubers per plant than the new cultivars. Specific gravity decreased with increasing N rate and was lowest in Russet Burbank both years. The new cultivars had a lower hollow heart incidence than Russet Burbank when environmental conditions were favorable for hollow heart development. Tuber‐reducing sugars changed during the growing season but were related more to cultivar and growing conditions than N rate. New cultivars had lower reducing sugars than Russet Burbank. In contrast to reducing sugars, asparagine increased with increasing N rate and was less affected by environmental conditions during the growing season. Easton had slightly lower asparagine concentrations than Russet Burbank and Dakota Russet. This study indicates that cultivar and growing conditions have a dominant effect on tuber‐reducing sugars, while N rate has a more consistent effect on tuber asparagine.
Episodic Master Recession Evaluation of Groundwater and Streamflow Hydrographs for Water‐Resource Estimation
Authors: Nimmo John R. , Perkins Kim S. 
Published: December 2018

Core Ideas
Analysis of streamflow and groundwater hydrographs were combined using a single set of tools.
Calculation of hydrograph slope over time can quantify watershed storm response characteristics.
A structured iterative approach facilitates development of expert judgments.
Parameterization of hydrologic judgment criteria facilitates their transparent documentation.
Hydrograph analysis tools using a master recession curve (MRC) can produce many types of hydrologically important watershed‐response quantifications, including aquifer recharge and stormflow characterization. An MRC is the relation between the value of a measured response R and its rate of change with time, dR/dt, occurring on the falling limb when there is no infiltration or other water input. We have developed MRC and episodic hydrograph‐evaluation methods for multiple purposes, utilizing both water table and streamflow data. The determination of a parameterized MRC through a structured procedure provides a basis for quantification of hydrologic variables and characteristics that can be validly compared among different events, sites, and periods of time. Application of the MRC to needed hydrologic quantifications is done with our revised episodic master recession (EMR) method. Expert‐guided iterative procedures are used to quantify parameters needed in applying the MRC and EMR methods to a given site. Hydrologic judgments such as the significance threshold for response magnitude, and the time window within which the precipitation is assumed to be the cause of an observed response, inherently involve some elements of subjectivity. Our structured iterative approach, however, affords much flexibility in formulating expert judgments and serves to confine them to statements and procedures that can be quantified and documented. Parallel application to streamflow and water table hydrographs can produce new hydrologic insights and understanding, not least in the role of unsaturated zone processes in controlling exchanges among components of the water cycle.
Long‐Term Soil‐Water Tension Measurements in Semiarid Environments: A Method for Automated Tensiometer Refilling
Authors: Smith Joel B. , Kean Jason W. 
Published: December 2018

Core Ideas
We provide details of an automated tensiometer refilling system.
The systems monitors soil water tension in a rugged, steep, and arid post‐fire debris flow source area.
Vadose zone processes are looked at through remote data acquisition and SCADA applications.
Tensiometer‐equipped data acquisition systems measure and record positive and negative soil‐water pressures. These data contribute to studies in hillslope hydrology, including analyses of rainfall runoff, near‐surface hydrologic response, and slope stability. However, the unique ability of a tensiometer to rapidly and accurately measure pre‐ and post‐saturation subsurface pressures requires maintenance techniques that have precluded their application to unattended sensor networks in semiarid regions. Under suction, the de‐aired water in the tensiometer is drawn from a porous cup. Under positive pressure, dissolved gases from pore water infiltrates the cup. Over time, both contribute to unreliable readings and/or poor signal response through cavitation. To address this problem, we used commercially available equipment to develop a simple system of solenoid valves and a water reservoir that enable automated in situ tensiometer refilling. We tested the system at two post‐wildfire hydrologic monitoring sites in the Angeles National Forest, southern California. We present example results from 3 mo of monitoring and show how the tensiometers can be refilled by a remote trigger. By remotely refilling the tensiometer, we were able to continuously monitor quasi‐saturated soil pore‐water pressures without making repeated and costly maintenance visits.
Impacts of Yongding River Ecological Restoration on the Groundwater Environment: Scenario Prediction
Authors: Hu Haizhu , Mao Xiaomin , Yang Qing 
Published: December 2018

Core Ideas
Our method can estimate groundwater recharge through multiple contrasting lithological layers.
Both human activities and natural aquifer character impact groundwater flow and transport.
Geomembrane liners can effectively control the leakage from Yongding River.
The ecological restoration of Yongding River can alleviate the local water deficit.
Reclaimed water was discharged into the Yongding River channels as ecological water. Pollutants from such water may leak into the underlying aquifer and put the groundwater environment at risk. River leakage estimation under different possible river lining conditions and the established groundwater flow and reactive solute transport model were jointly applied to investigate the impact of the ecological restoration of the Yongding River on the local groundwater environment. Scenario‐based investigations were conducted since the channel reconstruction in 2009. The results show that the seepage from the Yongding River without liners can greatly raise the groundwater level. Leakage through liners constructed with geomembranes can effectively control the seepage of water and the spread of solutes in the aquifer. From June 2009 to December 2010, the leakage amount has been only 1.65 × 104 m3, and the unconfined aquifer shows a negative budget of 4.55 × 107 m3. The spreading extent of flow and potential pollutants increases with the amount of leakage from the river. Water management strategies, such as the South‐to‐North Water Diversion Project and Yongding River restoration could help alleviate the water deficit of the Yongding River alluvium fan (YRAF) by reducing groundwater exploitation and increasing groundwater recharge. The necessity of the maintenance of riverbed liners and control of the water quality of Yongding River were highlighted by the scenario analysis. The methods applied in this study could be used for reference in the other polluted rivers, especially with liner installation.
Rainfall Intensification Enhances Deep Percolation and Soil Water Content in Tilled and No‐Till Cropping Systems of the US Midwest
Authors: Hess Laura J.T. , Hinckley Eve-Lyn S. , Robertson G. Philip , Hamilton Stephen K. , Matson Pamela A. 
Published: December 2018

Core Ideas
Rainfall intensification increased deep percolation in tilled and no‐till systems.
Rainfall intensification increased deep soil water content in both cropping systems.
A bromide tracer was detected at 1.2‐m depth sooner in no‐till than tilled systems.
The effect of rainfall intensification on surface soil moisture varied seasonally.
Globally, the proportion of total rainfall occurring as extreme events is increasing, which may have consequences for agriculture. In the US Midwest, we conducted a 234‐d manipulative experiment in 16 paired plots where we increased the proportion of rain falling in extreme events on tilled and no‐till cropping systems. We compared the effects of larger, less frequent rain events (“intensified” rainfall) vs. smaller, more frequent rain events (“normal” rainfall) on soil water content and deep percolation. The effect of intensified rainfall on the volumetric water content (VWC) of soil at the 10‐cm depth during the experiment varied seasonally: in spring, intensified rainfall decreased the average VWC at the 10‐cm depth by 0.05 ± 0.01 cm3 cm−3 compared with normal rainfall, but in summer and fall, it had no effect. In soil at the 100‐cm depth, VWC declined during the summer in normal but not intensified plots. A surface‐added Br− tracer was detected and peaked earlier in soil water at 120 cm under intensified rainfall vs. normal rainfall (by 6 ± 3 and 74 ± 33 d, respectively) regardless of tillage, although it was detected sooner in no‐till than tilled systems (by 9 ± 3 d). Also, less Br− was recovered in soil under intensified (8 ± 8% of total Br− added) vs. normal rainfall (21 ± 3%). Our results suggest that rainfall intensification will increase deep percolation and deep soil water content in cropping systems regardless of tillage. Such changes to soil water dynamics may alter plant water and nutrient availability.
PERCEPÇÕES FAMILIARES SOBRE A VISIBILIDADE DO ENFERMEIRO ATUANTE EM UNIDADE INTENSIVA NEONATAL E PEDIÁTRICA
Authors: Nunes Moura Lenize , Camponogara Silviamar , Pinno Camila , Nenê Loiola Constância , Silveira de Oliveira Carla , Loise Dias Gisele 
Published: December 2018

Objetivo: conhecer a percepção dos familiares sobre a visibilidade do enfermeiro atuante em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal e pediátrica. Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo descritivo e exploratório com abordagem qualitativa. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de entrevista semiestruturada com 12 familiares de pacientes internados nas Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica e Neonatal, em um hospital universitário localizado no interior do estado do RS. A análise dos dados seguiu os pressupostos da análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Após a análise das entrevistas, emergiu a seguinte categoria temática: “Visibilidade do trabalho do enfermeiro em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal e pediátrica”: os participantes mencionaram suas percepções sobre a Unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI), bem como sobre o trabalho do enfermeiro frente as atividades de assistência e gerência, na qual mencionam o reconhecimento da atuação do enfermeiro no cuidado direto aos pacientes, assim como no desenvolvimento de ações educativas, tendo como base uma prática humanizada. Conclusão: O trabalho do enfermeiro alcança visibilidade no setor investigado, por meio da visualização de ações de cuidado direto e educativas, por parte dos familiares.
COMPORTAMENTO DA INCONTINÊNCIA URINÁRIA PÓS PERDA DE PESO INDUZIDA POR CIRURGIA BARIÁTRICA: ESTUDO DE COORTE
Authors: Keller Kalina Durigon , Da Rosa Patrícia Viana , Klahr Patricia Da Silva , Pereira Elvio De Almeida , Da Rosa Luis Henrique Telles 
Published: December 2018

Objetivo: Analisar o comportamento, prevalência e severidade da incontinência urinária (IU) ao longo do tempo, pós-perda de peso induzida por cirurgia bariátrica e seu impacto na qualidade de vida de mulheres obesas. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo de coorte misto, de mulheres obesas que se submeteram a cirurgia bariátrica. A amostra foi composta por 83 mulheres obesas, com idade entre 18 a 59 anos, que ingressaram em momentos diferentes no estudo e realizaram cirurgia bariátrica, sendo organizada em dois grupos: Continente (GC) e Incontinente (GI). Os questionários utilizados foram o International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire - Short Form (ICIQ-SF) e o Kings Health Questionaire (KHQ), aplicados junto com a avaliação do índice de massa corporal (IMC) em 5 momentos, desde o pré-operatório até os 12 meses de pós-operatório.
Resultados: Identificou-se uma prevalência de IU nas obesas candidatas à cirurgia bariátrica e esta foi reduzindo ao longo de um ano de pós operatório passando de 60% para 34%. Relativo aos resultados do ICIQ-SF foi possível identificar a redução da severidade da IU onde a maioria era classificada com moderada no pré-operatório, e passou para leve na maioria das que ainda permaneceram incontinentes. Relativo ao KHQ, apenas observou-se melhora significativa da percepção geral da qualidade de vida.
Conclusões: Conclui-se que após a perda de peso induzida pela cirurgia bariátrica ocorre um comportamento de redução da prevalência e da severidade da IU ao longo de um ano de pós-operatório impactando positivamente apenas na sua percepção geral de qualidade de vida.
ANÁLISE MICROBIOLÓGICA DE UM CENTRO DE MATERIAL ESTERILIZADO HOSPITALAR: IDENTIFICAÇÃO E RESISTÊNCIA A ANTIBIÓTICOS
Authors: Simch Bruna , Dresch Fabíola , Maciel Mônica Jachetti 
Published: December 2018

Devido a influência da contaminação de superfícies hospitalares na disseminação de microrganismos patogênicos no ambiente hospitalar, este estudo objetivou identificar a microbiota presente em superfícies hospitalares de um Centro de Material Esterilizado (CME) antes e depois da higienização, e avaliar a suscetibilidade das bactérias encontradas frente a antibióticos usados em tratamentos para infecções. As amostras foram coletadas em diferentes superfícies de um CME antes e após a higienização. Os microrganismos foram identificados e após o isolamento, foi realizado o teste de sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos pelo método de disco-difusão conforme padronização do Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). No total de 10 superfícies analisadas em cada momento, foram encontradas 10 cepas antes da higienização e 8 após (n=18). Acinetobacter baumannii foi o microrganismo mais frequente, representando 50% das cepas encontradas; seguido de Yersinia pseudotuberculosis 11,1% e Staphylococcus coagulase negativa (SCN) 11,1%. O teste de susceptibilidade a antimicrobianos foi realizado com as 18 cepas e todas apresentaram resistência a, no mínimo, um antibiótico. Diante dos resultados, concluiu-se que A. baumannii foi o patógeno encontrado com mais frequência, antes e depois da higienização. E os microrganismos que mais apresentaram resistência foram as cepas de A. baumannii, Proteus penneri e SCN, apresentando resistência a quatro antibióticos.