bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interfacial‐Tunneling‐Effect‐Enhanced CsPbBr3 Photodetectors Featuring High Detectivity and Stability
Authors: Zeng Junpeng , Meng Cuifang , Li Xiaoming , Wu Ye , Liu Shuting , Zhou Hai , Wang Hao , Zeng Haibo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractInorganic halide perovskite (HP)‐based photodetectors (PDs) have exhibited fast response speed and high responsivity, but with low detectivity due to the high dark current of devices. Additionally, the intrinsic instability of HPs and interface deterioration originating from ion migration inhibit their practical applications severely. A tunneling organic layer is introduced to solve both these problems. Light‐induced charge carriers can flow across the interfacial (poly(methyl methacrylate), PMMA) layer with appropriate thickness via the Fowler–Nordheim tunneling effect. Due to the effective control of dark current, the photo‐/dark‐current ratio reaches a giant value of 2.13 × 108, and the peak detectivity is as high as 1.24 × 1013 Jones. With such superiority, light signal as weak as 244 pW is accurately imaged by a PD array. Additionally, the hydrophobic organic layer inhibits the destruction of HPs caused by moisture and ion migration induced interface reaction, and negligible response attenuation is observed during continuous work in a humid environment for 48 h. This heterojunction structure design provides a new strategy to enhance the performance and stability of perovskite‐based photoelectric and photovoltaic devices.
Efficient and Stable Mesoscopic Perovskite Solar Cells Using PDTITT as a New Hole Transporting Layer
Authors: Tavakoli Mohammad Mahdi , Zhao Jiayuan , Po Riccardo , Bianchi Gabriele , Cominetti Alessandra , Carbonera Chiara , Kong Jing 
Published: October 2019

AbstractStability is the main challenge in the field of organic–inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Finding low‐cost and stable hole transporting layer (HTL) is an effective strategy to address this issue. Here, a new donor polymer, poly(5,5‐didecyl‐5H‐1,8‐dithia‐as‐indacenone‐alt‐thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene) (PDTITT), is synthesized and employed as an HTL in PSCs, which has a suitable band alignment with respect to the double‐A cation perovskite film. Using PDTITT, the hole extraction in PSCs is greatly improved as compared to commonly used HTLs such as 2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis[N,N‐di(4‐methoxyphenyl)amino]‐9,9′‐spirobifluorene (spiro‐OMeTAD), addressing the hysteresis issue. After careful optimization, an efficient PSC is achieved based on mesoscopic TiO2 electron transporting layer with a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.42% based on PDTITT HTL, which is comparable with spiro‐OMeTAD‐based PSC (19.21%). Since spiro‐based PSCs suffer from stability issue, the operational stability in the PSC with PDTITT HTL is studied. It is found that the device with PDTITT retains 88% of its initial PCE value after 200 h under illumination, which is better than the spiro‐based PSC (54%).
Soft Electronics Manufacturing Using Microcontact Printing
Authors: Yalcintas Ezgi Pinar , Ozutemiz Kadri Bugra , Cetinkaya Toygun , Dalloro Livio , Majidi Carmel , Ozdoganlar O. Burak 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis work describes a microcontact printing (µCP) process for reproducible manufacturing of liquid gallium alloy–based soft and stretchable electronics. One of the leading approaches to create soft and stretchable electronics involves embedding liquid metals (LM) into an elastomer matrix. Although the advantages of liquid metal–based electronics have been well established, their mainstream adoption and commercialization necessitates development of precise and scalable manufacturing methods. To address this need, a scalable µCP process is presented that uses surface‐functionalized, reusable rigid, or deformable stamps to transfer eutectic gallium–indium (EGaIn) patterns onto elastomer substrates. A novel approach is developed to create the surface‐functionalized stamps, enabling selective transfer of LM to desired locations on a substrate without residues or electrical shorts. To address the critical needs of precise and reproducible positioning, alignment, and stamping force application, a high‐precision automated µCP system is designed. After describing the approach, the precision of stamps is evaluated and EGaIn features (as small as 15 µm line width), as well as electrical functionality of printed circuits with and without deformation, are fabricated. The presented process addresses many of the limitations associated with the alternative fabrication processes, and thus provides an effective approach for scalable fabrication of LM‐based soft and stretchable microelectronics.
Central compartment atopic disease: prevalence of allergy and asthma compared with other subtypes of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
Authors: Marcus Sonya , Schertzer Joseph , Roland Lauren T. , Wise Sarah K. , Levy Joshua M. , DelGaudio John M. 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundCentral compartment atopic disease (CCAD) is a recently described variant of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp (CRSwNP) associated with inhalant allergy. An association with asthma was noted to be uncommon within our clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to determine allergy and asthma prevalence in CCAD and other CRSwNP subtypes.MethodsA retrospective analysis at a tertiary care institution was performed over the period from 2015 to 2019. CRSwNP was grouped into the following subtypes: allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS); aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD); CCAD; and CRSwNP not otherwise specified (CRSwNP NOS). Patients with sinonasal polyps and concomitant polypoid disease in the central compartment (CRSwNP/CC) were analyzed as a separate cohort for the purpose of this study. Prevalence of allergy and asthma was compared between groups.ResultsThree hundred fifty‐six patients were included. CRSwNP NOS was the most common subtype (37.1%) and CRSwNP/CC was the least common (3.7%), with other CRS subtypes ranging between 11.5% and 24.2%. Asthma prevalence was highest in AERD (100%) and CRSwNP NOS (37.1%), but substantially lower in AFRS (19.0%) and CCAD (17.1%). Asthma was significantly more common in AERD and CRSwNP NOS when compared with CCAD (p < 0.001 and p = 0.039, respectively). Prevalence of allergy was significantly higher in AFRS (100%), CCAD (97.6%), CRSwNP/CC (84.6%), and AERD (82.6%) when compared with CRSwNP NOS (56.1%) (p < 0.001).ConclusionCCAD represents a clinically distinct phenotype of CRSwNP with a high prevalence of allergy and low prevalence of asthma. Patients with both CCAD and diffuse sinonasal polyps had an allergy prevalence approaching that of CCAD and an asthma prevalence approaching CRSwNP NOS.
Electrical and Thermal Transport Properties of n‐type Bi6Cu2Se4O6 (2BiCuSeO + 2Bi2O2Se)
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxuan , Qiu Yuting , Ren Dudi , Zhao Li‐Dong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNew thermoelectric materials, n‐type Bi6Cu2Se4O6 oxyselenides, composed of well‐known BiCuSeO and Bi2O2Se oxyselenides, are synthesized with a simple solid‐state reaction. Electrical transport properties, microstructures, and elastic properties are investigated with an emphasis on thermal transport properties. Similar to Bi2O2Se, it is found that the halogen‐doped Bi6Cu2Se4O6 possesses n‐type conducting transports, which can be improved via Br/Cl doping. Compared with BiCuSeO and Bi2O2Se, an extremely low thermal conductivity can be observed in Bi6Cu2Se4O6. To reveal the origin of low thermal conductivity, elastic properties, sound velocity, Grüneisen parameter, and Debye temperature are evaluated. Importantly, the calculated phonon mean free path of Bi6Cu2Se4O6 is comparable to the interlayer distance for BiO─CuSe and BiO─Se layers, which is ascribed to the strong interlayer phonon scattering. Contributing from the outstanding low thermal conductivity and improved electrical transport properties, the maximum ZT ≈0.15 at 823 K and ≈0.11 at 873K are realized in n‐type Bi6Cu2Se3.2Br0.8O6 and Bi6Cu2Se3.6Cl0.4O6, respectively, indicating the promising thermoelectric performance in n‐type Bi6Cu2Se4O6 oxyselenides.
In situ emulsion polymerization and characterization of PVAc nanocomposites including colloidal silica nanoparticles for wood specimens bonding
Authors: Azamian Jazi Mehrdad , Ramezani S.A. Ahmad , Haddadi Seyyed Arash , Ghaderi Saeed , Azamian Fariba 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTPolyvinyl acetate (PVAc) nanocomposites for wood adhesives containing different amounts of colloidal silica nanoparticles (CSNs) were synthesized via in situ one‐step emulsion polymerization. The adhesion strength of wood specimens bonded by PVAc nanocomposites was investigated by the tensile test. Thermal properties of PVAc nanocomposites were also characterized by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. Rheological and morphological properties of the PVAc nanocomposites were investigated using rheometric mechanical spectrometry and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), respectively. The obtaining results showed that the shear strength of PVAc nanocomposite including 1 wt. % CSNs has the highest shear and tensile strength about 4.7 and 3.2 MPa, respectively. A small increment of Tg (~3 °C) and considerable increment of the ash content proved the enhancement of PVAc thermal characterization in the presence of CSNs. FESEM results showed uniform dispersion of nanoparticles throughout the PVAc matrix due to using the in situ emulsion polymerization process. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48570.
Strontium ion substituted alginate‐based hydrogel fibers and its coordination binding model
Authors: Zhang Xiaolin , Wang Lanlan , Weng Lin , Deng Bingyao 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTSr‐alginate and Ca‐alginate hydrogel fibers were fabricated via microfluidic spinning technology, and various analytical methods were adopted to characterize fibers and disclose the coordination model of Sr2+ binding with alginate molecule chain. For both fibers, the more crosslinking sites of Sr2+ with alginate molecule were illustrated in comparison with that of Ca2+. The more robust mechanical performance of Sr‐alginate fibers than Ca‐alginate counterpart was a strong indication of the more strong binding of Sr2+ with alginate molecular chain. FTIR and electric conductivity disclosed the chelation type of Sr2+ with alginate macromolecule being similar to that of Ca2+, which was core‐shell of the analogous “egg‐box” structure. Circular dichroism spectroscopy further certified the extra coordination sites for Sr2+ with alginate molecule than Ca2+. Research on the coordination model will be more beneficial to optimizing the physicochemical properties of alginate fibers. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48571.
Evaluation of monomers derived from resorcinol as eluents of bisphenol A glycidyl dimethacrylate for the formulation of dental composite resins
Authors: Pérez‐Mondragón Alma Antonia , Cuevas‐Suárez Carlos Enrique , Trejo‐Carbajal Nayely , Piva Evandro , Fernandes da Silva Adriana , Herrera‐González Ana María 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTThe objective of this work was to synthesize two bio‐based monomers, using the resorcinol as raw material, and its effect as bisphenol A glycidyl dimethacrylate (Bis‐GMA) eluents on different chemical–physical and biological properties of experimental photopolymerizable composite resins. The acrylic 1,3‐phenylen diacrylic (1,3‐FDA) and methacrylic 1,3‐phenylen dimethacrylic (1,3‐FDMA) monomers were synthesized and fully characterized through FTIR and 1H‐NMR spectroscopies. Experimental photopolimerizable composites were formulated using Bis‐GMA/1,3‐FDA or Bis‐GMA/1,3‐FDMA as organic matrix. The materials were compared with a Bis‐GMA/TEGDMA resin‐based composite used as control. Polymerization kinetics was evaluated by means of FTIR spectroscopy. Polymerization stress was directly measured through a polymerization stress tester. The cell viability of the composites was evaluated using the MTT assay. One‐way analysis of variance and Tukey's test were used for statistical analysis. The materials formulated with the 1,3‐FDA monomer showed higher Rpmax values and lower polymerization stress values (p < 0.05), while the flexural strength, water sorption, and solubility remained similar to the TEGDMA composite. Conversely, the materials formulated with the 1,3‐FDMA monomer showed a lower degree of conversion and statistically lower flexural strength (p < 0.05). All materials exhibited a cellular viability close to 100%. Concerning the study conditions, the acrylic 1,3‐FDA monomer could be considered an alternative to TEGDMA in the formulation of photopolymerizable dental composite resins. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48576.
Progressive Nephron Loss in Aging Kidneys: Clinical–Structural Associations Investigated by Two Anatomical Methods
Authors: Hughson Michael D. , Hoy Wendy E. , Bertram John F. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTTwo major studies of structural changes associated with aging in human kidneys are reviewed and new information presented. The studies are the Monash University stereologically analyzed series of 319 autopsy kidneys from the United States in which 44% were white and the Mayo Clinic CT angiogram/biopsy analysis of 1,388 US kidney donors in which 97% were white. Hypertension rates in the Monash series were 48% and included moderate and severe hypertension. In the Mayo Clinic study, 12% had mild hypertension. The studies showed no relationship between glomerular number and hypertension except for a weak relationship with older white women in the Monash series. An inverse relationship was present between glomerular number and glomerular volume, a reciprocity that tended to enhance glomerular mass and by inference filtration capacity with lower nephron numbers. This relationship seemed to be present whether low nephron numbers were intrinsic or acquired. In the Mayo Clinic studies, pretransplant iothalamate clearances demonstrated that single nephron (SN) glomerular filtration rates (GFR) were similar throughout the range of glomerular number in subjects younger than 70 years, but that increased SNGFR correlated with nephron hypertrophy and increased nephrosclerosis particularly at 70 years of age and over. Hypertension at least through middle age cannot be related to a deficiency of glomeruli, but glomeruli are lost with later aging in association with adaptive nephron hypertrophy that can maintain GFR near normal. These studies help define an age‐related nephropathy that overlaps with hypertension as a potential cause of end‐stage renal disease when glomerulosclerosis is advanced.
Relationship between circulating inflammatory factors and glioma risk and prognosis: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Feng Yuan , Wang Jia , Tan Dezhong , Cheng Peng , Wu Anhua 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundInflammatory factors have been considered a significant factor contributing to the development and progression of glioma. However, the relationship between circulating inflammatory factors and glioma risk as well as their prognostic values in glioma patients is still inconclusive. Here, we performed a meta‐analysis to address this issue.MethodsRelevant articles were identified through PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Wanfang database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) from inception to February 2019. The weighted mean differences (WMDs) or standard mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to describe the predictive ability of the levels of circulating inflammatory factors on glioma risk. To evaluate the prognostic values of the circulating inflammatory factors in glioma, hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs were used.ResultsThirty‐one studies comprising 2587 patients were included. The overall analysis showed that increased circulating interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) [SMD 0.81 (95% CI: 0.21‐1.40; P = .008)], interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) [SMD 1.01 (95% CI: 0.17‐1.84; P = .018)], interleukin‐17 (IL‐17) [SMD 1.12 (95% CI: 0.26‐1.98; P = .011)], tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) [SMD 1.80 (95% CI: 1.03‐2.56; P = .000)], transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) [SMD 10.55 (95% CI: 5.59‐15.51; P = .000)], and C‐reactive protein (CRP) [SMD 0.95 (95% CI: 0.75‐1.15; P = .000)] levels were significantly associated with glioma risk. On the other hand, our results showed that circulating IL‐6 [HR 1.10 (95% CI: 1.05‐1.16; P = .000)] and CRP [HR 2.02 (95% CI: 1.52‐2.68; P = .000)] levels were highly correlated with a poor overall survival (OS) rate in glioma patients.ConclusionOur results indicate that increased circulating IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐17, TNF‐α, TGF‐β, and CRP levels are significantly associated with increased glioma risk. Moreover, our meta‐analysis suggests that circulating IL‐6 and CRP may serve as powerful biomarkers for a poor prognosis in glioma patients.
Highly Active Mesoporous Cu−Al2O3 Catalyst for the Hydrodeoxygenation of Furfural to 2‐methylfuran
Authors: Park Seyeon , Kannapu Hari Prasad Reddy , Jeong Cheonwoo , Kim Jinsung , Suh Young‐Woong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWhile furfural has great potential as a platform chemical through diverse conversion pathways, 2‐methylfuran is one of the key components as a fuel additive and a precursor of derived biofuels. However, catalyst design to control reactivity of active species to furfural has been challenging. Herein, we demonstrate that a mesoporous Cu−Al2O3 catalyst prepared by solvent‐deficient precipitation shows the enhancement of furfural hydrodeoxygenation performance. Not only is the unique pore structure provided, but also the synergistic effects of improved Cu accessibility, co‐existence of Cu0/Cu+ states, and strong metal‐support interaction contribute to the superior activity and stability. Additionally, essential parameters for the synthesis and the test reaction are studied to improve the selectivity to 2‐methylfuran. The employed catalyst preparation method opens a new channel for tailoring the bifunctionality of supported Cu catalysts.
Solvent‐Free Aerobic Oxidation of Ethylbenzene Promoted by NHPI/Co(II) Catalytic System: The Key Role of Ionic Liquids
Authors: Dobras Gabriela , Sitko Magdalena , Petroselli Manuel , Caruso Manfredi , Cametti Massimo , Punta Carlo , Orlińska Beata 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe synergistic action between imidazolium based ionic liquid (IL) [bmim][OcOSO3] and Co(II)/N‐hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) systems in the catalytic aerobic oxidation of ethylbenzene under solvent‐free conditions have been here demonstrated by reaching a 35 % conversion with 83 % of selectivity in acetophenone at 80 °C. This highly performing catalytic system have been selected after screening several different IL and Co(II) salt combinations, and making sure that the complete solubilization of the polar NHPI in the lipophilic medium, without thus requiring any chemical modification of the organic catalyst, could be attained. This solubilizing effect can be ascribed to a direct interaction between [bmim][OcOSO3] IL and NHPI as revealed by a detailed NMR investigation which also allowed to exclude the formation of higher IL aggregates in the form of micelles or vesicles.
PROTOCOL: Health, social care and technological interventions to improve functional ability of older adults: Evidence and gap map
Authors: Welch Vivian , Howe Tracey E. , Marcus Sue , Mathew Christine M. , Sadana Ritu , Rogers Morwenna , Sheehy Lisa , Borg Johan , Pottie Kevin , Thompson‐Coon Joanna , Lyddiatt Anne , Kristjansson Elizabeth , Nickerson Jason W. , Walker Peter , Tanuseputro Peter , Shea Beverly , Sveistrup Heidi , Babelmorad Panteha , Zhang Wei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis is a protocol for a Campbell Evidence and Gap Map. The objectives are to identify and assess the available evidence on health, social care and technological interventions to improve functional ability among older adults.
Own or dam’s genotype? Classical colony breeding may bias spontaneous and stress‐challenged activity in DAT‐mutant rats
Authors: Mariano Stefano , Pardo Marta , Buccheri Clelia , Illiano Placido , Adinolfi Annalisa , Lo Russo Sara Lucia M. , Alleva Enrico , Carbone Cristiana , Adriani Walter 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThere is considerable interest in understanding what makes an individual vulnerable or resilient to the deleterious effects of stressful events. From candidate genes, dopamine (DA) and dopamine transporter (DAT) have been linked to anxiety, depression, and post‐traumatic stress disorder. We investigated role of DAT using the new DAT heterozygous (DAT‐HET) and homozygous mutant (DAT‐KO) rat models of hyperdopaminergia. We studied the impact of two breeding conditions in spontaneous locomotor behavior of female rats. The classical colony, through mating DAT‐HET males × DAT‐HET females (breeding HET–HET), was used. A second WT colony was derived and maintained (breeding WT–WT). Additionally, a subgroup of rats was bred through mating DAT‐KO males × WT females (atypical HET, breeding KO–WT). We studied the effects of genotype and its interaction with maternal care (depending by breeding condition). HET–HET breeding led to reduced activity in HET females compared to WT rats (from WT–WT breeding). However, HET females from KO–WT breeding did not differ so much from WT rats (WT–WT breeding). The maternal‐care impact was then confirmed: HET mothers (breeding HET–HET) showed reduced liking/grooming of pups and increased digging away from nest, compared to WT mothers (breeding WT–WT). In their female offspring (HET, breeding HET–HET vs. WT, breeding WT–WT), isolation plus wet bedding induced higher and more persistent impact on activity of HET rats, even when the stressor was removed. Our results highlight the importance of epigenetic factors (e.g., maternal care) in responses to stress expressed by offspring at adulthood, quite independently of genotype. DAT hypofunction could determinate vulnerability to stressful agents via altered maternal care.
Acute metabolic effects of tonic‐clonic seizures
Authors: Nass Robert D. , Zur Berndt , Elger Christian E. , Holdenrieder Stefan , Surges Rainer 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTonic‐clonic seizures (TCS) lead to metabolic stress and changes in related blood markers. Such markers may indicate harmful conditions but can also help to identify TCS as a cause of transient loss of consciousness. In this study, we hypothesized that the alterations of circulating markers of metabolic stress depend on the clinical features of TCS.MethodsNinety‐one adults undergoing video‐EEG monitoring participated in this prospective study. Electrolytes, renal parameters, creatine kinase (CK), prolactin (PRL), lactate, ammonia, glucose, and other parameters were measured at inclusion and different time points after TCS.ResultsA total of 39 TCS were recorded in 32 patients (six generalized onset tonic‐clonic seizures in 6 and 33 focal to bilateral tonic‐clonic seizures in 26 patients). Shortly after TCS, mean lactate, ammonia, and PRL levels were significantly increased 8.7‐fold, 2.6‐fold, and 5.1‐fold, respectively, with levels of more than twofold above the upper limits of the normal (ULN) in 90%, 71%, and 70% of the TCS and returned to baseline levels within 2 hours. Only postictal lactate levels were significantly correlated with the total duration of the tonic‐clonic phase. In contrast, CK elevations above the ULN were found in three TCS (~10%) only with a peak after 48 hours. Immediately after the TCS, hyperphosphatemia occurred in one third of the patients, whereas hypophosphatemia was observed in one third 2 hours later. TCS led to subtle but significant alterations of other electrolytes, creatinine, and uric acid, whereas glucose levels were moderately increased.SignificanceLactate is a robust metabolic marker of TCS with elevations found in ~90% of cases within 30 minutes after seizure termination, whereas ammonia rises in ~ 70%, similarly to PRL. Phosphate levels show an early increase and a decrease 2 hours after TCS in a third of patients. CK elevations are rare after video‐EEG‐documented TCS, challenging its value as a diagnostic marker.