bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polymer‐supported palladium (II) containing N2O2: An efficient and robust heterogeneous catalyst for C–C coupling reactions
Authors: Bi Jiajun , Chen Jian , Dong Yahao , Guo Wen , Zhu Dajian , Li Tao 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTA new polymer was prepared from 1,3,5‐triformylphloroglucinol (noted as TDTB) and o‐phenylenediamine through Schiff base condensation reaction, and palladium (II) was immobilized on the polymer (noted as TbPo‐Pd(II)). This process was easy to work‐up and cost‐effective. The structure and composition of TbPo‐Pd(II) were fully characterized by FTIR, TGA, XPS, AAS, SEM, and TEM analyses. Meanwhile, this catalyst showed desired thermal stability and excellent performance in water/methanol system for Suzuki and Sonogashira coupling reactions. In addition, this heterogeneous catalyst can be readily recovered by simple filtration with no appreciable Pd leaching in the reaction. This work provides a powerful protocol for rapid access to asymmetrical biphenyls and aryl alkynes. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 2344–2353
A structural interpretation of the two components governing the kinetic fragility from the example of interpenetrated polymer networks
Authors: Araujo Steven , Batteux Florian , Li Wenlong , Butterfield Lena , Delpouve Nicolas , Esposito Antonella , Tan Li , Saiter Jean‐Marc , Negahban Mehrdad 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTKinetic fragility and cooperativity length, two major characteristics of the relaxation dynamics at the glass transition, are, respectively, investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis and modulated temperature differential scanning calorimetry in a series of interpenetrated polymer networks based on acrylate and epoxy systems. The relaxation dynamics are impacted by two variables: the rigidity of the network, and the structural heterogeneity resulting from blending. However, the fragility and the cooperativity do not vary similarly. The glass transition progressively broadens as the mass fractions of acrylate and epoxy become equivalent, leading to a strong decrease in cooperativity. On the other hand, under the same conditions, the fragility transitions between the lower value of pure acrylate and the higher value of pure epoxy. This divergence helps concluding that the variations in the temperature dependence of the relaxation time are not purely related to the more or less cooperative nature of the glass transition. By splitting the fragility index in a volume contribution and an energetic contribution, it is shown that the contribution of cooperativity to the variations of the relaxation time with temperature is increased under two structural conditions: low backbone rigidity and high intermolecular interactions. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018, 56, 1393–1403
Tape Stripped Stratum Corneum Samples Prove to be Suitable for Comprehensive Proteomic Investigation of Actinic Keratosis
Authors: Azimi Ali , Ali Marina , Kaufman Kimberley L. , Mann Graham J. , Fernandez‐Penas Pablo 
Published: September 2018

PurposeActinic keratoses (AK) are premalignant tumors that can be clinically difficult to differentiate from skin cancer. An easy, quick, and reliable noninvasive alternative to biopsy is needed to definitively confirm the clinical diagnoses. This study evaluates Tape Stripping (TS) of stratum corneum (SC) for noninvasive biomarker analysis of AK.MethodLesional and nonlesional human SC samples are obtained by application of stripping tapes on the skin of five AK patients. Following sample preparation, protein digests are analyzed by LC–MS/MS. Bioinformatics analyses are performed using Funrich, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA), and Oncomine bioinformatics and analytical tools.ResultsOf the total 613 unique proteins identified, 477 overlap with proteins identified in the proteomic analysis of formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) AK samples. Additionally, 32 proteins are significantly increased and four proteins decreased in AK samples compared to the normal skin (p < 0.05). In line with proteomic analysis of FFPE samples, IPA and Funrich analysis show that differentially abundant proteins in the TS AK samples are implicated in PI3K/AKT and EGF signaling pathways. These findings are confirmed at the transcript level.ConclusionTape stripped AK sample is suitable for biomarker analysis. The application of this technique further could revolutionize management of keratinocytic skin tumors by reducing the need for traditional invasive biopsy.
Development of a rapid methodology for biological efficacy assessment in banana plantations: application to reduced dosages of contact fungicide for Black Leaf Streak Disease (BLSD) control
Authors: Bakache Adel , Douzals Jean‐Paul , Bonicelli Bernard , Cotteux Eric , de Lapeyre de Bellaire Luc , Sinfort Carole 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDBlack sigatoka is the main disease of banana crop production and is controlled by using either systemic or contact fungicides through spray applications. Biological efficacy is typically assessed on a whole cropping cycle with a natural infestation and periodic spray applications. Developing a faster methodology for assessment of the biological efficacy of a contact fungicide offers promising perspectives for testing current and new fungicides or application techniques.RESULTSThe methodology is based on the time of occurrence of the first BLSD symptoms. An artificial infestation protocol was optimized by multiplying the infestation spots and by covering the infested plants. Biological efficacy tests were based on a single spray application after infestation combining three mancozeb dose reductions and two nozzle types. Results demonstrated that a 50% reduction in the mancozeb rated dosage gave significant efficacy independently of the nozzle type, with a reduction of the number of lesions of up to 55% compared with control plants.CONCLUSIONSThe described method provides rapid and significant infestation. Further comparison of spray settings and fungicide doses was possible. This methodology will be tested at the plantation scale over a longer period covering the whole crop cycle. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Metastatic pulmonary malignant melanoma showing a ring‐shaped and halo signs
Authors: Masuda Toshihiro , Shirai Toshihiro , Saigusa Mika , Asada Kazuhiro , Muro Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2018

Key MessageClassically, metastatic tumours are solid, multiple, well‐circumscribed, and rarely cavitary. This rare case of metastatic pulmonary malignant melanoma showed a ring‐shaped ground‐glass opacity and then the halo sign, depending on the disease progression.
A Synthesis of Quantitative Research on Reading Programs for Secondary Students
Authors: Baye Ariane , Inns Amanda , Lake Cynthia , Slavin Robert E. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRecent initiatives in the United States and United Kingdom have added greatly to the amount and quality of research on the effectiveness of secondary reading programs, especially programs for struggling readers. In this review of the experimental research on secondary reading programs, the authors focused on 69 studies that used random assignment (n = 62) or high‐quality quasi‐experiments (n = 7) to evaluate outcomes of 51 programs on widely accepted measures of reading. Categories of programs using one‐to‐one and small‐group tutoring, cooperative learning, whole‐school approaches including organizational reforms such as teacher teams, and writing‐focused approaches showed positive outcomes. Individual approaches in a few other categories also showed positive impacts. Categories in which these individual programs appear include programs emphasizing social studies/science, structured strategies, and personalized and group/personalization rotation approaches for struggling readers. Programs that provide a daily extra period of reading and those utilizing technology were no more effective, on average, than programs that did not provide these resources. The findings suggest that secondary readers benefit more from socially and cognitively engaging instruction than from additional reading periods or technology.
Going Beyond Traditional Applications? The Potential of Hydrogels
Authors: Zhang Zhong‐Xing , Young David James , Li Zibiao , Loh Xian Jun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHerein are summarized recent trends in the use of hydrogels in robotics, electronics, actuators, and sensors. Two major gaps that limit the application of hydrogels in these fields are discussed, including hydrogels' inherent mechanical weaknesses and poor durability. Possible solutions to these problems include the introduction of self‐healing and the integration of biology inspired reinforcement mechanisms into synthetic systems. Enhancing hydrogels' water retention and interface bonding with other types of solid materials (such as glass, ceramics, metals, and elastomers) are also discussed. Addressing these latter issues is critical to the integration of hydrogels with other components in soft devices. It is argued that rapid, self‐healing, and mechanically strong biomimetic hydrogels will be an important material for the future. Realizing this goal will lead to new kinds of soft materials, new families of hydrogel‐based devices, and exciting new applications.
A new species of Mauremys (Testudines, Geoemydidae) from the late Miocene – Pliocene of Central Macedonia (northern Greece) with exceptionally wide vertebral scutes
Authors: Vlachos Evangelos , Sterli Juliana , Vasileiadou Katerina , Syrides George 
Published: September 2018

AbstractOur knowledge of Neogene chelonian diversity in northern Greece is increased with the present description of a new species of Mauremys (Testudines, Geoemydidae) from the late Miocene to Pliocene of three localities in central Macedonia (Gefira‐2, Nea Silata, Allatini). This new species, Mauremys aristotelica sp. nov., is characterized by the presence of exceptionally wide vertebral scutes, a trait that is quite rare within Mauremys but has evolved independently in other pan‐testudinoid non‐testudinids. Total evidence phylogenetic analysis confirms the placement of the new species within Mauremys and reveals that its closest relative is Mauremys campanii from the late Miocene of Italy. It is also likely, under parsimony, that all geoemydids with similarly wide vertebral scutes from the Neogene of Eurasia form a clade nested within Mauremys. Our results also shed light on the evolution of geoemydids in the eastern Mediterranean during late Miocene to Pliocene times.
Cord Blood-Derived Stem Cells Suppress Fibrosis and May Prevent Malignant Progression in Recessive Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa
Authors: Liao Yanling , Ivanova Larisa , Zhu Hongwen , Plumer Trevor , Hamby Carl , Mehta Brinda , Gevertz Annie , Christiano Angela M. , McGrath John A. , Cairo Mitchell S. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) is a severe skin fragility disorder caused by mutations in the Col7a1 gene. Patients with RDEB suffer from recurrent erosions in skin and mucous membranes and have a high risk for developing cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCCs). TGFβ signaling has been associated with fibrosis and malignancy in RDEB. In this study, the activation of TGFβ signaling was demonstrated in col7a1−/− mice as early as a week after birth starting in the interdigital folds of the paws, accompanied by increased deposition of collagen fibrils and elevated dermal expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and MMP-13. Furthermore, human cord blood-derived unrestricted somatic stem cells (USSCs) that we previously demonstrated to significantly improve wound healing and prolong the survival of col7a1−/− mice showed the ability to suppress TGFβ signaling and MMP-9 and MMP-13 expression meanwhile upregulating anti-fibrotic TGFβ3 and decorin. In parallel, we cocultured USSCs in a transwell with RDEB patient-derived fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and cSCC, respectively. The patient-derived cells were constitutively active for STAT, but not TGFβ signaling. Moreover, the levels of MMP-9 and MMP-13 were significantly elevated in the patient derived-keratinocytes and cSCCs. Although USSC coculture did not inhibit STAT signaling, it significantly suppressed the secretion of MMP-9 and MMP-13, and interferon (IFN)-γ from RDEB patient-derived cells. Since epithelial expression of these MMPs is a biomarker of malignant transformation and correlates with the degree of tumor invasion, these results suggest a potential role for USSCs in mitigating epithelial malignancy, in addition to their anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic functions.
Supply chain sustainability led by governance: A multicase propositive study in Brazil
Authors: Borella Margareth Rodrigues de Carvalho , Barcellos Paulo Fernando Pinto , Zin Roque Alberto 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to verify the extent to which the supply chain configuration provides strategic sustainability to its member entities from the perspective of organizations that exercise chain governance. It was found that the effectiveness of sustainability in the supply chain is more evident downstream than upstream.
Climate change evidence and effects of climate‐change‐related diseases on children's health
Authors: Odunola Olutayo , Odunsi Oluwafemi , Daramola Oluwole 
Published: September 2018

AbstractChildren are usually perceived as the age group that is the most vulnerable to the effects of climate change. This paper examined the effects of climate‐change‐related diseases on children's health in the Abuja Municipal Area Council, the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria. Systematic random sampling was used to select households from the 12 wards in the study area. A questionnaire focusing on perceived evidence of climate change and perceived factors contributing to the incidence of climate‐change‐related diseases was administered to 120 respondents. Hospital records of children under 13 years of age diagnosed with climate‐change‐related ailments were compiled. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Harsh weather conditions and the outbreak of tropical diseases were the most significant evidence of climate change, with both having the same households’ perceived climate change evidence agreement index (HPCCEAI) of 4.93. Increased pollution resulting from the use of domestic generators and industrial plants was the most perceived significant factor contributing to climate change with an HPCCEAI of 4.80, followed by incessant refuse burning (HPCCEAI = 4.68). Two of the most prevalent diseases were malaria (39.9%) and diarrhea (20.4%). The incidence of the diseases varied over the years. Infants (32.3%) and toddlers (24.0%), who were children less than 3 years of age, were found to be the most susceptible to climate‐change‐related diseases than other age groups. It is recommended that the government should make efforts to regulate climate change causative factors and improve the quality of health services rendered to children.
The parallel culture of bullying in Polish secondary schools: A grounded theory study
Authors: Wójcik Małgorzata 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTIntroductionBullying is a universal phenomenon observed in all schools worldwide, with as many as 35% of students being involved in bullying. Group context is crucial for understanding and preventing bullying, as peers are often present in bullying situations and have key roles in maintaining, preventing, or stopping it. The aims of this study were to investigate school bullying as a social phenomenon in Poland and to understand how Polish adolescents perceive, discuss, and make sense of bullying in their communities.MethodsI carried out fieldwork at three public secondary schools in a city in southern Poland, and conducted in‐depth semi‐structured interviews with 26 students aged 16/17 (16 girls, 10 boys). I used the grounded theory approach to analyze the data, as it offered an opportunity for deeper understanding of adolescents' social context and culture, with intragroup interactions playing a central role.Results & conclusionsThe results suggest that a parallel culture of bullying at the micro level is created at these schools, which includes norms; a multi‐stage process of victim creation; and rituals confirming the victim's status, group coherence, and other students' attitudes and roles in the bullying. In terms of policy implications, the findings suggest that it could prove beneficial to plan anti‐bullying programs with adolescents themselves, as they could clarify the contexts, situations, or triggers that might lead to bullying.
Underpowered: Rolling blackouts in Africa disproportionately hurt the poor
Authors: Aidoo Kobina , Briggs Ryan C. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract:Electricity demand exceeds supply in many parts of Africa, and this often results in rolling blackouts. This article argues that blackouts tend to concentrate on poorer places within countries, due to both economic and political factors. This argument is tested with an analysis of electricity availability across thirty-two neighborhoods in Accra and survey data from thirty-six African countries. Across these analyses, poorer people with a grid connection experience lower electricity supply than richer people. This article concludes by discussing implications for research on electricity availability, policymakers working on energy, and the distributive politics literature.
Terrorism and the Rise of Right-Wing Content in Israeli Books
Authors: Mitts Tamar 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn the past few years the Western world has witnessed a rise in the popularity of right-wing political discourse promoting nationalistic and exclusionary world views. While in many countries such rhetoric has surfaced in mainstream politics only recently, in Israel, right-wing ideology has been popular for almost two decades. Explanations for this phenomenon focus on Israeli citizens’ attitudinal change in the face of exposure to terrorism but largely do not account for why such ideas remain popular over the long term, even after violence subsides. In this study I examine whether the long-lasting prominence of right-wing nationalistic politics in Israel is linked to the perpetuation of right-wing ideology in popular media. Analyzing the content of more than 70,000 published books, I find that content related to the political right has increased in Israeli books after periods of terrorism, a change that has become more pronounced over the years.
Care and the shadow of the fourth age: how does home care get caught up in it and how does it stay away from it?
Authors: São José José Manuel Sousa de 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis article examines how care encounters at the elders’ homes are forged, and how the way these encounters are forged avoids or evokes the social imaginary of the fourth age. Data were gathered in Portugal from elders receiving home care (16 cases), their care workers (eight cases) and family carers (six cases), through participant observation and informal conversations (conducted at the elders’ homes), as well as focus groups. The collected data were analysed according to the procedures of Framework Analysis. This study found five forms of care encounters – marked by conflict, infantilisation, burden, harmony and indifference – the harmony form being the only one found to maintain the fourth age at a distance. It concludes that home care has a Janus-like nature in relation to the fourth age, and that the way home care encounters are forged depends on the conditions of the care settings and the actions of all participants in care encounters. It also concludes that it is difficult to maintain the social imaginary of the fourth age at a distance when the elders exhibit high levels of infirmity. Finally, it concludes that family carers play a crucial role in the way care encounters unfold. Implications for practice and policy include vocational training regarding the relational component of care, and information and educational programmes for family carers.
The effects of psychological meaning-centered therapies on quality of life and psychological stress: A metaanalysis
Authors: Vos Joël , Vitali Diego 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTObjective:Many psychotherapists speak with clients about meaning in life. Meaning is an neutral evidence-based term for a subjective sense of purpose, values, understanding, self-worth, action-directed goals, and self-regulation. Since little is known about its effectiveness, our study aimed to determine the effects of meaning-centered therapies (MCTs) on improving quality of life and reducing psychological stress.Method:Independent researchers selected and scored articles in multiple languages in multiple search engines. Weighted pooled mean effects were calculated following a random-effects model. Sensitivity analyses included moderators, study and sample characteristics, risk of bias, randomization, types of MCT, control condition, and outcome instruments.Results:Some 52,220 citations included 60 trials (total sampleN= 3,713), of which 26 were randomized controlled trials (N= 1,975), 15 nonrandomized controlled trials (N= 709), and 19 nonrandomized noncontrolled trials with pre/post measurements (N= 1,029). Overall analyses showed large improvements from baseline to immediate posttreatment and follow-up on quality of life (Hedges'g= 1.13,SE= 0.12;g= 0.99,SE= 0.20) and psychological stress (g= 1.21,SE= 0.10;g= 0.67,SE= 0.20). As effects varied between studies, further analyses focused only on controlled trials: MCT had large effect sizes compared to control groups, both immediate and at follow-up, on quality of life (g= 1.02,SE= 0.06;g= 1.06,SE= 0.12) and psychological stress (g= 0.94,SE= 0.07,p< 0.01;g= 0.84,SE= 0.10). Immediate effects were larger for general quality of life (g= 1.37,SE= 0.12) than for meaning in life (g= 1.18,SE= 0.08), hope and optimism (g= 0.80,SE= 0.13), self-efficacy (g= 0.89,SE= 0.14), and social well-being (g= 0.81,SE= 13). The homogeneity of these results was validated by the lack of significance of moderators and alternative ways of selecting studies. Metaregression analyses showed that increases in meaning in life predicted decreases in psychological stress (β = –0.56,p< 0.001).Significance of results:MCT strongly improves quality of life and reduces psychological stress. MCT should be made more widely available, particularly to individuals in transitional moments in life or with a chronic or life-threatening physical illness as they explicitly report meaning-centered concerns.