bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secular Stagnation, Unemployment Hysteresis and Monetary Policy in EMU: Scratches but Not Scars?
Authors: Belke Ansgar 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The strength of mutually reinforcing links between the demand and supply sides of the macroeconomy is an important issue for policymakers which has emerged from the financial crisis. The prevailing view that only cyclical policies influence the demand side, and structural policies affect the supply side has been challenged in two dimensions. Firstly, long periods of weak demand have the potential to lead to rising structural unemployment and a permanently lower capital stock – inducing hysteresis effects. Secondly, if one believes in the relevance of hysteresis in the form propagated by [Blanchard, Olivier J., and Lawrence H. Summers. 1986. “Hysteresis and the European Unemployment Problem.” In NBER Macroeconomics Annual, edited by Fischer, S., Vol. 1, 15–78. Cambridge: MIT Press], stronger demand fueled, for instance, by monetary policy may, as a corollary, be able to reverse such effects. This paper argues that the Blanchard and Summers type of hysteresis should, however, not be taken literally and not taken as the basis of one-to-one into recommendations for monetary policy and/or the monetary policy strategy. We show that bluntly pointing to the hard form of “reverse hysteresis” and implementing bold counter-cyclical monetary (and fiscal) policies to cope with hysteretic unemployment is neither necessary nor sufficient. Instead, we argue that it is necessary to refer to subtler forms of hysteresis, which are more compatible with the data. These subtler forms still leave some room for monetary policy to maneuver, but in a much more complex way. If long-term unemployment is stagnating even during an upturn, they may even serve as a basis to recommend a contractionary monetary policy stance. At the same time, however, inequality which is causing persistent or even permanent demand deficiencies becomes relevant as hurdle for lower unemployment in the hysteresis context. Seen on the whole, thus, a second wave of hysteresis-based research on monetary policy options following the first wave in the 1980s should clearly be on the agenda.
Recent Advances in Novel DNA Guiding Nanofabrication and Nanotechnology
Authors: Suo Zhiguang , Chen Jingqi , Hu Ziheng , Liu Yihao , Xing Feifei , Feng Lingyan 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
DNA as life’s genetic material has been widely investigated around the world. In recent years, with the fiery researches on nanomaterials, it also plays an important role in the development of material science due to its extraordinary molecular recognition capability and prominent structural features. In this mini review, we mainly overview the recent progresses of DNA guiding self-assembled nanostructures and nanofabrication. Typical DNA tile-based assembly and DNA origami nanotechnologies are presented, utilizing the recent 3D topology methods to fabricate multidimensional structures with unique properties. Then the site-specific nanomaterials synthesis and nano-DNA recognition on different DNA scaffolds/templates are demonstrated with excellent addressability, biocompatibility and structural programmability. Various nanomaterials, such as metals, carbon family materials, quantum dots, metal-organic frameworks, and DNA-based liquid crystals are briefly summarized. Finally, the present limitation and future promising development directions are discussed in conclusion and perspective. We wish this review would provide useful information toward the broader scientific interests in DNA nanotechnology.
Why We Need the Demonic: A Phenomenological Analysis of Negative Religious Experience
Authors: Nelson James M. , Koetke Jonah 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAn enduring feature of Christian religious life has been the experience of the demonic. This experience can be found in the New Testament, most obviously in reported encounters with demons, but more centrally in the language of spiritual warfare that pervades much of the Pauline literature. In the Patristic period, these ideas were cemented in the Christian tradition in the writings of the Desert Fathers. A phenomenological understanding of experience holds that percepts have qualities that are inherently given as part of the experience, and that these qualities can be observed through the use of phenomenological concepts. An examination of the writings of the Desert Fathers suggests that one inherent quality of some religious experiences is their externality. Thoughts or feelings within the person are perceived as having an external source, and external threats can take on an embodied quality in perception, as in visions of demonic beings. These experiences have their initial constitution in an Otherness centered in the body. On reflection, it is not surprising that we would find a quality of externality in religious experience. Religion and spirituality deal with our relationship to the broader world around us. Recent phenomenological writings by Levinas and Marion have begun to recover the importance of externality, however, they neglect aspects of demonic experiences such as their negative valence. Critics of the demonic have tried hard to expel the idea from Western consciousness, pointing to tragic experiences in early modern history and the apparent need to posit the existence of immaterial entities. However, a careful phenomenological and historical analysis casts serious doubt on this modernist picture. The abandonment of the demonic in much of Christian religious thought and practice carries negative consequences, as it invalidates the external quality of many difficult religious experiences. A recovery of the concept of the demonic would help us better understand the phenomenology of religious life.
Die (Un)Möglichkeit allgemeiner Gütekriterien in der Qualitativen Forschung – Replik auf den Diskussionsanstoß zu „Gütekriterien qualitativer Forschung“ von Jörg Strübing, Stefan Hirschauer, Ruth Ayaß, Uwe Krähnke und Thomas Scheffer
Authors: Eisewicht Paul , Grenz Tilo 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungDer Text ist eine Replik auf den Diskussionsanstoß zu Gütekriterien Qualitativer Forschung von Jörg Strübing et al. (2018). Die kritische Auseinandersetzung wird entlang dreier Hauptpunkte entwickelt: a) der Rezeption des Forschungsstandes, aus dem sich Anforderungen an Gütekriterien ableiten, die in dem von Strübing et al. vorgelegten Vorschlag unberücksichtigt geblieben sind; b) der Problematik der heutigen Vielfalt qualitativer Ansätze, die im Text nicht eingeholt wird; c) der Anwendungsanforderungen an Gütekriterien, die im Text durch auslegungsbedürftige Überbegriffe problematisch werden. Mit Blick auf die Kritik und den Forschungsstand stellt sich die Frage, ob überhaupt und wenn wie adäquat ansatzübergreifende Gütekriterien für die Qualitative Forschung formuliert werden können. Wir schließen daher mit einer Überlegung zu Möglichkeiten ansatzübergreifender Kriterien und plädieren für ‚rhetorisch-performierende‘ anstelle ‚paradigmatisch-operationalisierender‘ Kriterien.
Na3Sm(PO4)2: (3+1)-dimensional commensurately modulated structure model and photoluminescence properties
Authors: Zhang Rui-Juan , Zhao Dan , Zhong Qiu , Xue Ya-Li , Huang Guang-Xu 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
For the first time, we determined the detailed crystal structure of Na3Sm(PO4)2 using single crystal X-ray diffraction and established the commensurately modulated structure model using the superspace formalism. The structure adopts a (3+1)-dimensional superspace group Pca21(0β0)000 with the modulation vector q=1/3b*. At the same time, the photoluminescent properties of Na3Sm(PO4)2 sintered at different temperatures between 800 and 1200°C were studied. Under near-UV excitation (402 nm), Na3Sm(PO4)2 shows intense characteristic emission bands of Sm3+ (561, 596, 642 nm) with the CIE coordinate of (0.5709, 0.4282), corresponding to orange color. The excitation spectrum covers a wide range from 350 nm to 470 nm, which indicates that Na3Sm(PO4)2 can be efficiently activated by near-UV or visuable LED ship.
The symmetry origin of the austenite-cementite orientation relationships in steels
Authors: Kraposhin Valentin , Talis Alexander , Simich-Lafitskiy Nenad 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The connection between austenite/cementite orientation relationships and crystal structure of both phases has been established. The nucleus formation mechanism at the mutual transformation of austenite and cementite structures has been proposed. Mechanism is based on the interpretation of the considered structures as crystallographic tiling onto triangulated polyhedra, and the said tiling can be transformed by diagonal flipping in a rhombus consisting of two adjacent triangular faces. The sequence of diagonal flipping in the fragment of the initial crystal determines the orientation of the fragment of the final crystal relative to the initial crystal. In case of the mutual austenite/cementite transformation the mutual orientation of the initial and final fragments is coinciding to the experimentally observed in steels Thomson-Howell orientation relationships:

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The observed orientation relationship between FCC austenite and cementite is determined by crystallographic group-subgroup relationship between transformation participants, and non-crystallographic symmetry which is determining the transformation of triangulated clusters of transformation participants.
Determination of the charge of Al13 Keggin oligocations intercalated into synthetic hectorite
Authors: Schöttle Marius , Schuchardt Dominik , Edenharter Andreas , Koch Sebastian , Senker Jürgen , Breu Josef 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Applying a nematic liquid crystalline phase of a synthetic Na-hectorite with layer separations >100 nm, the reaction time for pillaring with Al13 Keggin oligocation could be reduced to seconds ensuring that cation exchange is controlled by thermodynamics. With this material at hand we are able to resolve the long-standing dispute regarding the charge of intercalated Keggin oligocations. Micropore sizes as determined by physisorption isotherms, adsorption isotherms obtained via elemental analysis, and results of 27Al solid-state NMR and pyridine probe IR spectroscopy favor a charge of +7 for the Al13 pillars intercalated into hectorite unaltered.
RhSn3 and the Modifications of RhSn4 – Structure and 119Sn Mössbauer spectroscopic characterization
Authors: Fickenscher Thomas , Lösel Stefan , Hillebrecht Harald , Kösters Jutta , Block Theresa , Heymann Gunter , Huppertz Hubert , Pöttgen Rainer 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Single crystals of the high-temperature modification of RhSn4 were obtained from a tin flux (1:20 molar ratio; final annealing at 920 K; dissolution of the tin matrix in 2N HCl). The structure was refined from single-crystal X-ray diffractometer data: I41/acd, a=629.73(5), c=2288.36(18) pm, wR2=0.0382, 447 F
2 values and 14 variables. β-RhSn4 is isotypic with β-IrSn4. The rhodium atoms have slightly distorted square-antiprismatic tin coordination with Rh–Sn distances of 4×273.4 and 4×274.1 pm. The RhSn8 units are condensed via common edges to layers that are staggered with respect to each other and stacked in ABCD sequence. A 119Sn Mössbauer spectroscopic characterization of ß-RhSn4 and the stannides RhSn3 and α-RhSn4 shows the typical isomer shifts for transition metal stannides. Only for α-RhSn4 the three crystallographically independent tin sites could be resolved, a consequence of the different s-electron density. Treatment of α-RhSn4 under high-pressure (up to 10 GPa)/high-temperature (up to T=1370 K) conditions leads to decomposition into Rh1.5Sn, RhSn2 and β-Sn.
Centrifuge Modeling of Geogrid-Reinforced and Rammed Soil-Cement Column-Supported Embankment on Soft Soil
Authors: Cui Wei , Xiao Ming 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Rammed soil-cement column (RSCC) is a relatively new technology for soft ground improvement. Its properties and construction are different from traditional soil-cement column. The reinforcement mechanism and the effectiveness of RSCC, especially combined with geogrid reinforcement at the bottom of an embankment, are not well understood. In this study, four centrifuge model tests were conducted to investigate the behavior and reinforcement mechanism of geogrid-reinforced, rammed soil-cement column-supported embankments. Displacements, stress concentration ratios, and failure modes of such embankments were obtained in the tests. The test results indicate that RSCC can effectively reduce total and differential settlements and increase global and local stability of embankment on soft ground. Geogrid can reduce the lateral displacement of embankment and facilitate load transfer from the soil to the columns; this reduces the potential of soil yielding and improves the stability of the embankment. Without RSCCs, sliding failure can occur in embankment with or without geogrid reinforcement beneath the embankment. The shear sliding can be circular or noncircular.
Self-Sharpening of Tools with Unilateral Braze Coating Fabricated Using WC- and Ni-Based Alloys
Authors: Ma Bojiang , Song Qi , Bu Fanning , Wang Xianxian , Cao Tongkun 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Tools such as agricultural grass cutters, stubble blades, machetes, and grain crushing knives can become passivated gradually during use without self-sharpening. To resolve this problem, a composite coating of a Ni-based alloy and tungsten carbide (WC) was brazed onto the unilateral surface of 45 steel tools. To ensure that the unilateral coating tool can self-sharpen, different heat treatments were tested that can change the microstructure of the substrate. This makes it possible to regulate the wear resistance on both sides of the tool. Previous research shows that multiple phases can coexist at the interface between WC and Ni-based brazing alloys. These can decrease the initial melting temperature and the finishing melting temperature of the coating by 30.7°C and 49°C, respectively. A quantitative wear test of the tool indicates that the material-removal rate of the coating and the substrate is inversely proportional to its hardness. As a result, the optimal coating thickness can be estimated using the material-removal rate, i.e., the wear. A plowing simulation in gravel shows that after long-time usage (for example, 100 h), the tool, which was treated with quenching/tempering, is very good at self-sharpening. Moreover, the shortening in the direction of the symmetry line of the tool is small. The aim of the study is to improve both self-sharpening and service life of the tools.
Whole Genome Sequencing,de NovoAssembly and Phenotypic Profiling for the New Budding Yeast SpeciesSaccharomyces jurei
Authors: Naseeb Samina , Alsammar Haya , Burgis Tim , Donaldson Ian , Knyazev Norman , Knight Christopher , Delneri Daniela 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSaccharomyces sensu stricto complex consist of yeast species, which are not only important in the fermentation industry but are also model systems for genomic and ecological analysis. Here, we present the complete genome assemblies of Saccharomyces jurei, a newly discovered Saccharomyces sensu stricto species from high altitude oaks. Phylogenetic and phenotypic analysis revealed that S. jurei is more closely related to S. mikatae, than S. cerevisiae, and S. paradoxus. The karyotype of S. jurei presents two reciprocal chromosomal translocations between chromosome VI/VII and I/XIII when compared to the S. cerevisiae genome. Interestingly, while the rearrangement I/XIII is unique to S. jurei, the other is in common with S. mikatae strain IFO1815, suggesting shared evolutionary history of this species after the split between S. cerevisiae and S. mikatae. The number of Ty elements differed in the new species, with a higher number of Ty elements present in S. jurei than in S. cerevisiae. Phenotypically, the S. jurei strain NCYC 3962 has relatively higher fitness than the other strain NCYC 3947T under most of the environmental stress conditions tested and showed remarkably increased fitness in higher concentration of acetic acid compared to the other sensu stricto species. Both strains were found to be better adapted to lower temperatures compared to S. cerevisiae.
PLANTAS EMERGENTES Y FLOTANTES EN LA DIETA DEL MANATÍ (FAMILIA: TRICHECHIDAE: <i>TRICHECHUS MANATUS</i>) EN EL CARIBE DE COSTA RICA
Authors: Gómez Lépiz Alexander 
Published: December 2018

Para determinar la dieta del manatí y cuantificar el uso y la disponibilidad de las plantas contenidas en su dieta, se realizaron recorridos sobre diferentes sectores del Parque Nacional Tortuguero, en la búsqueda de rastros de alimentación dejados por los manatíes. En los sitios de ramoneo recientes, la proporción de plantas se cuantificó a través de un análisis con los porcentajes de las plantas encontradas en los sitios de alimentación (uso) y sobre las áreas muestreadas alrededor de estos (disponibilidad). Se pudo determinar que dos especies de pastos: gamalote (Paspalum repens) y pará (Urochloa mutica), son las plantas que principalmente selecciona el manatí para su consumo. La presente investigación ha permitido cuantificar la forma en que el manatí consume los recursos alimenticios en la zona, esto ha sido la base para otras investigaciones que requieren de información sobre los elementos de la dieta para el cebado como técnica de captura, también se están implementando propuestas de sitios sensibles para la conservación de manatíes con base en la distribución de las plantas que este animal consume en la zona.Trips were conducted on different sectors of the Tortuguero National Park in search of traces of food left by the manatees to determine their diet and quantify the use and availability of plants contained in their diet,. In recent browsing sites the proportion of plants was quantified by analyzing the percentages of the plants found in the feeding sites (use) and sampled areas around them (availability). It was determined that two grass species: gamalote (Paspalum repens) and (Urochloa mutica) are plants that the manatees primarily selected for consumption. The present study permitted to determine how the manatee consumes food resources in the area. This has been the basis for other research requiring information on dietary factors. There are also other proposals being implemented for baiting and capture techniques in sensitive sites for the conservation of manatees, based on the distribution of the plants that the animals consume in the area.
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE CORAL COMMUNITIES AND REEFS OF TWO PREVIOUSLY UNDESCRIBED LOCATIONS IN THE UPWELLING REGION OF GULF OF PAPAGAYO (COSTA RICA)
Authors: Jiménez Carlos , Bassey Giovanni , Segura Álvaro , Cortés Jorge 
Published: December 2018

In the seasonal upwelling region of Gulf of Papagayo (Northern Pacific coast of Costa Rica), we evaluated and described two previously poorly known coral habitats, Punta Cacique and Bahía Guacamaya. Both localities differed in the extent of the frame-building coral communities and their composition. While Bahía Guacamaya and Punta Cacique had a similar number of coral species (16), live coral cover percent was higher in the coral reefs (ca. 50% vs. 90%) and coral communities (ca. 40% vs. 50%) of the latter. At both localities, branching species (Pocillopora spp.) contributed more as a group to the live coral cover than massive and encrusting corals. Bahía Guacamaya has the largest colonies found so far of two coral species (Pocillopora eydouxi and Pocillopora meandrina) with a limited distribution in Costa Rica. Using long-term records of environmental data, we characterized the seasonality of the upwelling and the dry and rainy seasons that partially explained the low suspension sediment loads and fresh water discharge into Papagayo’s coral habitats. The results of our study are important due to the rapid development of the coastal zone of Papagayo and because only a fraction of the littoral has been systematically surveyed. Therefore, we call for more studies that aim to produce baseline data of coral habitats in the area.En la región de afloramiento estacional del Golfo de Papagayo (Costa Rica), se evaluaron dos ambientes coralinos que nunca antes habían sido estudiados: Punta Cacique y Bahía Guacamaya. En ambas localidades, la extensión y la composición de las comunidades coralinas constructoras de la estructura arrecifal fueron diferentes. En tanto que el número de especies coralinas (16) fue similar en ambas localidades, el porcentaje de cobertura de coral vivo fue mayor en los arrecifes (apróximamente 50% vs. 90%) y las comunidades (aproximadamente 40% vs. 50%) coralinas de Punta Cacique. En ambos sitios, las especies de corales ramificados (Pocillopora spp.) como grupo contribuyeron más a la cobertura de coral vivo que otras formas (masivas e incrustantes). La Bahía Guacamaya tiene las colonias más grandes encontradas hasta el momento en Costa Rica de dos especies de distribución limitada (Pocillopora eydouxi y Pocillopora meandrina). Se utilizaron series temporales extensas de datos ambientales para caracterizar la estacionalidad del afloramiento y la estación seca y la lluviosa. Estos dos factores explican parcialmente la poca sedimentación y descarga de agua dulce en los ambientes coralinos de Papagayo. Los resultados de nuestro estudio son importantes dado que apenas una pequeña fracción de la costa de Papagayo ha sido estudiada sistemáticamente a pesar del rápido desarrollo costero que ocurre en el área. Por lo tanto, resaltamos la necesidad de realizar más estudios, con el fin de obtener datos de línea base de los ambientes coralinos del área.