bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential circulating miRNA profiles identified miR-423-5p, miR-93-5p, and miR-4532 as potential biomarkers for cholangiocarcinoma diagnosis
Authors: Supradit Kittiya , Prasopdee Sattrachai , Phanaksri Teva , Tangphatsornruang Sithichoke , Pholhelm Montinee , Yusuk Siraphatsorn , Butthongkomvong Kritiya , Wongprasert Kanokpan , Kulsantiwong Jutharat , Chukan Amnat , Tesana Smarn , Thitapakorn Veerachai 
Published: December 2024

Background
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is high in morbidity and mortality rates which may be due to asymptomatic and effective diagnostic methods not available. Therefore, an effective diagnosis is urgently needed.

Methods
Investigation of plasma circulating miRNA (cir-miRNA) was divided into two phases, including the discovery phase (pooled 10 samples each from three pools in each group) and the validation phase (17, 16, and 35 subjects of healthy control (HC), O. viverrini (OV), and CCA groups, respectively). The plasma from healthy control subjects, O. viverrini infected subjects, and CCA subjects was used. In the discovery phase, plasma was pooled by adding an equal volume of plasma, and cir-miRNA was isolated and analyzed with the nCounter® SPRINT Profiler. The significantly different cir-miRNAs were selected for the validation phase. In the validation phase, cir-miRNA was isolated and analyzed using real time-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Subsequently, statistical analysis was conducted, and diagnostic parameters were calculated.

Results
Differential plasma cir-miRNA profile showed at least three candidates including miR-423-5p, miR-93-5p, and miR-4532 as potential biomarkers. From validation of these cir-miRNAs by RT-qPCR, the result showed that the satisfied sensitivity and specificity to differential CCA group from HC and OV group was obtained from miR-4532 (P < 0.05) while miR-423-5p and miR-93-5p can be used for differential CCA from OV and HC group (P < 0.05) with high specificity but limited the sensitivity. In conclusion, candidate cir-miRNAs have been identified as potential biomarkers including miR-423-5p, miR-93-5p and miR-4532. Screening by miR-4532 and confirmed with miR-423-5p, miR-93-5p were suggested for differential CCA patients in the endemic area of O. viverrini.
Site‐Specific Requirements for
pT
and
pN
Authors: Wittekind Christian , Brierley James D. , Lee Anne , van Eycken Elisabeth 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The chapter adds to the general rules of TNM system in Explanatory Notes – General. The minimal number of lymph nodes per site is tabulated with corresponding staging recommendations. Importance of removed and examined lymph nodes is briefly discussed. Required examination methods are given for head and neck tumours, digestive system tumours, lung and pleural tumours, skin tumours, breast tumours, gynaecological and urological tumours, adrenal tumours, ophthalmic tumours, and Hodgkin/non‐Hodgkin lymphomas, among others.
New
TNM
Classifications Recommended for Testing and Other Classifications
Authors: Wittekind Christian , Brierley James D. , Lee Anne , van Eycken Elisabeth 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
New TNM classifications are proposed that need testing by institutions on a large number of patients. Specific issues on non‐upper aerodigestive tract mucosal melanoma and primary liver carcinoma in infants and children are discussed along with the classification of regional lymph nodes. Primary cutaneous B‐cell/T‐cell lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and leukaemia are also discussed.
Platinum Porous Nanosheets with High Surface Distortion and Pt Utilization for Enhanced Oxygen Reduction Catalysis
Authors: Feng Yonggang , Huang Bolong , Yang Chengyong , Shao Qi , Huang Xiaoqing 
Published: September 2019

AbstractUnlike the well‐established shape/composition control, surface distortion is a newly emerged yet largely unexplored nanosurface engineering for boosting electrocatalysis. Tapping into the novel electrocatalysts for taking full use of the distortion effect is therefore of importance but remains a formidable challenge. Here, an approach to designing highly distorted porous Pt nanosheets (NSs) by electrochemical erosion of ultrathin PtTe2 NSs is reported. The inherent ultrathin feature and massive leaching of Te have conspired to produce a highly distorted structure. As a result, the generated Pt NSs exhibit a much‐enhanced oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) mass and specific activity of 2.07 A mgPt−1 and 3.1 mA cm−2 at 0.90 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, 9.8 and 10.7 times higher than those of commercial Pt/C. The highly distorted Pt NSs can endure 30 000 cycles with negligible activity decay and structure variation. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the electrochemical corrosion induced nanopores, boundaries, and vacancies consist of Pt sites with substantially low coordination numbers deviating from the one of pristine Pt (111) surface. These Pt sites actively act as electron‐depleting centers for highly efficient electron transfer toward the adsorbing O‐species. This study opens a new design for fully using the distortion effect to promote ORR performance and beyond.
CXCR4‐Enriched Nano‐Trap Targeting CXCL12 in Lung for Early Prevention and Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy of Breast Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Wang Zhaohui , Ma Yi , Wang Han , Wang Fang , Xu Tian , Gu Yueqing 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBreast cancer metastasis is strongly correlated with CXCR4‐CXCL12 axis, in which the CXCR4 positive cancer cells are recruited to target organs rich in CXCL12. Although various agents have been developed to inhibit CXCR4, few strategies are reported for targeting and perturbation of CXCL12 to control breast cancer metastasis. Inspired by the increasing popularity of cell membrane (CM)‐derived therapeutics, herein, CXCR4‐enriched 4T1 CMs loaded with copper‐indium‐sulfide quantum dots (QDs) nanoparticles are employed as Nano‐trap to occupy CXCL12 and block breast cancer lung metastasis. CMs fused onto QDs cores faithfully inherit CXCR4 expression of the source cells. CXCR4‐upregulated Nano‐trap binds CXCL12 protein more efficiently than the CXCR4‐silenced counterparts, which effectively abrogate CXCL12‐mediated cancer cell invasion in vitro. In vivo fluorescent imaging reveals preferential distribution of Nano‐trap in lungs with abundant CXCL12 expression. Further interrogation of the in vivo efficacy finds lung metastasis is successfully delayed in breast cancer models pre‐injected with Nano‐trap, which reduces CXCL12 exposure in lung. For the already formed lung metastasis, Nano‐trap can alleviate hypoxia by regulating alpha‐smooth muscle actin, thus improving photodynamic therapy in the metastatic tumor. This proof‐of‐concept study sheds light on exploiting more functionalities of CM proteins for metastasis management.
Enabling Full Conversion Reaction with High Reversibility to Approach Theoretical Capacity for Sodium Storage
Authors: Fang Libin , Wang Caiyun , Huangfu Leilei , Bahlawane Naoufal , Tian He , Lu Yunhao , Pan Hongge , Yan Mi , Jiang Yinzhu 
Published: September 2019

AbstractConversion‐type electrode materials are emerging as promising candidates for high‐energy rechargeable batteries, owing to their substantially higher theoretical capacity relative to intercalation‐based materials. Nevertheless, the full benefit from conversion‐type electrode materials remains out of reach in sodium‐ion batteries, due to the inadequate conversion reaction toward sodium and the poor reversibility during desodiation. Here, a full conversion reaction with high reversibility is demonstrated through promoting the initial sodium intercalation and subsequent reconversion kinetics by transition metal doping. The doping‐induced lowering of the sodium intercalation energy in thermodynamics effectively drives the full conversion reaction, while the metal transition of the doped element enhances reconversion kinetics in achieving high reversibility. The obtained results open a new avenue for the development of high‐performance conversion‐type electrodes and provide a novel understanding of the conversion reaction mechanism.
Electrodeposited PEDOT:Nafion Composite for Neural Recording and Stimulation
Authors: Carli Stefano , Bianchi Michele , Zucchini Elena , Di Lauro Michele , Prato Mirko , Murgia Mauro , Fadiga Luciano , Biscarini Fabio 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMicroelectrode arrays are used for recording and stimulation in neurosciences both in vitro and in vivo. The electrodeposition of conductive polymers, such as poly(3,4‐ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT), is widely adopted to improve both the in vivo recording and the charge injection limit of metallic microelectrodes. The workhorse of conductive polymers in the neurosciences is PEDOT:PSS, where PSS represents polystyrene‐sulfonate. In this paper, the counterion is the fluorinated polymer Nafion, so the composite PEDOT:Nafion is deposited onto a flexible neural microelectrode array. PEDOT:Nafion coated electrodes exhibit comparable in vivo recording capability to the reference PEDOT:PSS, providing a large signal‐to‐noise ratio in a murine animal model. Importantly, PEDOT:Nafion exhibits a minimized polarization during electrical stimulation, thereby resulting in an improved charge injection limit equal to 4.4 mC cm−2, almost 80% larger than the 2.5 mC cm−2 that is observed for PEDOT:PSS.
A Highly Emissive Surface Layer in Mixed‐Halide Multication Perovskites
Authors: Andaji‐Garmaroudi Zahra , Abdi‐Jalebi Mojtaba , Guo Dengyang , Macpherson Stuart , Sadhanala Aditya , Tennyson Elizabeth M. , Ruggeri Edoardo , Anaya Miguel , Galkowski Krzysztof , Shivanna Ravichandran , Lohmann Kilian , Frohna Kyle , Mackowski Sebastian , Savenije Tom J. , Friend Richard H. , Stranks Samuel D. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMixed‐halide lead perovskites have attracted significant attention in the field of photovoltaics and other optoelectronic applications due to their promising bandgap tunability and device performance. Here, the changes in photoluminescence and photoconductance of solution‐processed triple‐cation mixed‐halide (Cs0.06MA0.15FA0.79)Pb(Br0.4I0.6)3 perovskite films (MA: methylammonium, FA: formamidinium) are studied under solar‐equivalent illumination. It is found that the illumination leads to localized surface sites of iodide‐rich perovskite intermixed with passivating PbI2 material. Time‐ and spectrally resolved photoluminescence measurements reveal that photoexcited charges efficiently transfer to the passivated iodide‐rich perovskite surface layer, leading to high local carrier densities on these sites. The carriers on this surface layer therefore recombine with a high radiative efficiency, with the photoluminescence quantum efficiency of the film under solar excitation densities increasing from 3% to over 45%. At higher excitation densities, nonradiative Auger recombination starts to dominate due to the extremely high concentration of charges on the surface layer. This work reveals new insight into phase segregation of mixed‐halide mixed‐cation perovskites, as well as routes to highly luminescent films by controlling charge density and transfer in novel device structures.
In Situ Grown Monolayer N‐Doped Graphene on CdS Hollow Spheres with Seamless Contact for Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Bie Chuanbiao , Zhu Bicheng , Xu Feiyan , Zhang Liuyang , Yu Jiaguo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPhotocatalytic CO2 reduction is an effective way to simultaneously mitigate the greenhouse effect and the energy crisis. Herein, CdS hollow spheres, on which monolayer nitrogen‐doped graphene is in situ grown by chemical vapor deposition, are applied for realizing effective photocatalytic CO2 reduction. The constructed photocatalyst possesses a hollow interior for strengthening light absorption, a thin shell for shortening the electron migration distance, tight adhesion for facilitating separation and transfer of carriers, and a monolayer nitrogen‐doped graphene surface for adsorbing and activating CO2 molecules. Achieving seamless contact between a photocatalyst and a cocatalyst, which provides a pollution‐free and large‐area transport interface for carriers, is an effective strategy for improving the photocatalytic CO2 reduction performance. Therefore, the yield of CO and CH4, as dominating products, can be increased by four and five times than that of pristine CdS hollow spheres, respectively. This work emphasizes the importance of contact interface regulation between the photocatalyst and the cocatalyst and provides new ideas for the seamless and large‐area contact of heterojunctions.
A Probiotic Spore‐Based Oral Autonomous Nanoparticles Generator for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Song Qingling , Zheng Cuixia , Jia Jiajia , Zhao Hongjuan , Feng Qianhua , Zhang Hongling , Wang Lei , Zhang Zhenzhong , Zhang Yun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSpores, the dormant life forms of probiotics, can germinate to metabolically active vegetative cells with the disintegration of their hydrophobic protein coat in the intestinal microenvironment, which provides the possibility for the formation of nanoparticles (NPs) in vivo. Inspired by the natural physiological process of spores, herein, an oral autonomous NPs generator is developed to overcome the spatially variable gastrointestinal tract environment and multibiological barriers. Spores modified with deoxycholic acid (DA) and loaded with chemotherapeutic drugs (doxorubicin and sorafenib, DOX/SOR) serve as an autonomous production line of NPs, which can efficaciously protect the drugs passing through the rugged environment of the stomach and furthermore can be transported to the intestinal environment and colonized rapidly. Subsequently, the DOX/SOR/Spore‐DA NPs are produced by the autonomous NPs generator in the intestinal regions based on the disintegrated hydrophobic protein and the hydrophilic DA, and they can efficiently penetrate the epithelial cells via the bile acid pathway, increasing basolateral drug release. In vitro and in vivo studies confirm that this biological nanogenerator can autonomously produce substantial NPs in the intestine, providing a promising strategy for cancer therapy.
Tandem Transformation of Aldoximes to N‐Methylated Amides Using Methanol
Authors: Paul Bhaskar , Maji Milan , Panja Dibyajyoti , Kundu Sabuj 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTandem conversion of aldoximes to N‐methylated amides with methanol in presence of a single Ru(II) catalyst is accomplished through the Ru(II)‐mediated rearrangement followed by the reductive N‐methylation. Employing this protocol, several aldoximes were directly transformed to the N‐methylated amides using methanol. Kinetic experiments with H218O advocated that the aldoxime is acted as the nucleophile during the aldoxime to amide rearrangement process. Involvement of nitrile intermediate during this transformation is realized from the kinetic study.magnified image
Comprehensive Investigation on the Thermoelectric Properties of p‐Type PbTe‐PbSe‐PbS Alloys
Authors: Qin Bingchao , Hu Xuegao , Zhang Yang , Wu Haijun , Pennycook Stephen. J. , Zhao Li‐Dong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSolid solution alloying is one of the quite powerful approaches to enhance thermoelectric performance because it can simultaneously optimize electrical and thermal transport properties. Herein, a comprehensive investigation on p‐type PbTe‐PbSe‐PbS alloys is reported, in which the carrier concentration is fixed with 2 mol% Na doping. High thermoelectric performance is achieved via synergistically tuning carrier concentration, manipulating electronic band structure, introducing nanostructures, and separating phases. Thus, a high ZT value ≈1.9 is obtained in (PbTe)1−x(PbSe)x alloys, which show both higher Seebeck coefficients and lower lattice thermal conductivities contributed from enlarging band effective mass and scattering phonons, respectively. The obtained results are well confirmed by microstructure characterizations and theoretical calculations based on the single parabolic band (SPB) model and Callaway model. Besides, ZT values ≈1.8 and 1.2 are achieved in (PbTe)1−x(PbS)x and (PbSe)1−x(PbS)x alloys, respectively. Based on the obtained thermoelectric performance from the selected compositions between two or three end‐members (PbTe, PbSe, and PbS), the thermoelectric performance distribution maps for the PbTe‐PbSe‐PbS alloys are established. This comprehensive investigation can provide the performance prediction on any composition within the performance maps of (PbTe)1−x−y(PbSe)x(PbS)y alloys.
Ischemic stroke in children and young adults with sickle cell disease in the post‐STOP era
Authors: Kwiatkowski Janet L. , Voeks Jenifer H. , Kanter Julie , Fullerton Heather J. , Debenham Ellen , Brown Lynette , Adams Robert J. ,   for the Post‐STOP Study Group
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe Stroke Prevention Trial in Sickle Cell Anemia (STOP) and Optimizing Primary Stroke Prevention in Sickle Cell Anemia (STOP 2) trials established routine transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) screening, with indefinite chronic red cell transfusions (CRCT) for children with abnormal TCD as standard of care. Implementation failures and limitations to the STOP protocol may contribute to continued ischemic stroke occurrence. In the “Post‐STOP” study, we sought to assess the impact of the STOP protocol on the incidence of ischemic stroke in a multicenter cohort of former STOP and/or STOP 2 trial participants. A central team abstracted data for 2851 (74%) of the 3835 children who took part in STOP and/or STOP 2. Data included TCD and neuroimaging results, treatment, laboratory data, and detailed clinical information pertaining to the stroke. Two stroke neurologists independently confirmed each stroke using pre‐specified imaging and clinical criteria and came to consensus. Among the 2808 patients who were stroke‐free at the start of Post‐STOP with available follow‐up, the incidence of first ischemic stroke was 0.24 per 100 patient‐years (95% CI, 0.18, 0.31), with a mean (SD) duration of follow‐up of 9.1 (3.4) [median 10.3, range (0‐15.4)] years. Most (63%) strokes occurred in patients in whom the STOP protocol had not been properly implemented, either failure to screen appropriately with TCD (38%) or failure to transfuse adequately patients with abnormal TCD (25%). This study shows that substantial opportunities for ischemic stroke prevention remain by more complete implementation of the STOP Protocol.
Lithium‐Schwefel‐Batterien mit Magerelektrolyt: Herausforderungen und Perspektiven
Authors: Zhao Meng , Li Bo‐Quan , Peng Hong‐Jie , Yuan Hong , Wei Jun‐Yu , Huang Jia‐Qi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEnergiespeicher finden als wichtige Transformationstechnologie zur kohlenstoffarmen Wirtschaft und nachhaltigen Energieversorgung große Beachtung. Außerordentlich vielversprechend ist hierbei die Lithium‐Schwefel‐Batterie aufgrund ihrer hohen theoretischen Energiedichte. Trotz immenser Fortschritte in den vergangenen Jahren liegt ihre tatsächliche Energiedichte jedoch noch weit unterhalb einer Praxistauglichkeit. Da die Elektrochemie des Schwefels stark von einer Fest/flüssig/fest‐Phasenumwandlung abhängt, spielt die Menge des Elektrolyten für die praktisch erreichbare Leistungsfähigkeit von Li‐S‐Zellen eine wesentliche Rolle. Um den Vorteil der hohen Energiedichte nutzen zu können, muss die Li‐S‐Batterie ein möglichst kleines Elektrolytvolumen mit niedrigem Elektrolyt/Schwefel‐Verhältnis aufweisen. Unter solchen Bedingungen lässt sich eine akzeptable elektrochemische Leistung in Kinetik, Entladekapazität, Coulomb‐Wirkungsgrad und Zyklenfestigkeit jedoch nur sehr schwer erreichen, insbesondere wenn die Kathode einen hohen Schwefelgehalt aufweisen soll. In diesem Aufsatz wird dargestellt, welchen Einfluss das Elektrolyt/Schwefel‐Verhältnis auf die erreichbare Energiedichte und Kosten von Li‐S‐Batterien hat. Für beide elektrochemische Prozesse des Schwefels, Löse‐Abscheide‐ und Festphasenumwandlung, werden Herausforderungen und neueste Entwicklungen beschrieben. Abschließend werden Perspektiven in der Entwicklung von zukünftigen Li‐S‐Magerelektrolyt‐Batterien vorgestellt.
Copper‐Catalyzed Triboration: Straightforward, Atom‐Economical Synthesis of 1,1,1‐Triborylalkanes from Terminal Alkynes and HBpin
Authors: Liu Xiaocui , Ming Wenbo , Zhang Yixiao , Friedrich Alexandra , Marder Todd B. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA convenient and efficient one‐step synthesis of 1,1,1‐triborylalkanes was achieved via sequential dehydrogenative borylation and double hydroborations of terminal alkynes with HBpin (HBpin=pinacolborane) catalyzed by inexpensive and readily available Cu(OAc)2. This process proceeds under mild conditions, furnishing 1,1,1‐tris(boronates) with wide substrate scope, excellent selectivity, and good functional‐group tolerance, and is applicable to gram‐scale synthesis without loss of yield. The 1,1,1‐triborylalkanes can be used in the preparation of α‐vinylboronates and borylated cyclic compounds, which are valuable but previously rare compounds. Different alkyl groups can be introduced stepwise via base‐mediated deborylative alkylation to produce racemic tertiary alkyl boronates, which can be readily transformed into useful tertiary alcohols.
Effect of atomic oxygen on corrosion and friction and wear behavior of polyimide composites
Authors: Duan Chunjian , He Ren , Li Song , Yang Rui , Shao Mingchao , Yang Zenghui , Zhang Nan , Yuan Ping , Wang Tingmei , Wang Qihua 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTThermosetting polyimide (TPI) composite with better wear resistance and lower friction was obtained with various functional fillers after a high–low temperature cycle test. Nevertheless, taking into consideration of harsh space condition, the friction and wear behavior of TPI composite were also explored after atomic oxygen (AO) irradiation. It reveals that TPI composite behaves excellent properties against AO mainly attributed to g‐C3N4 with more negative electronegativity N than carbon atom. Moreover, the mechanism of friction and wear demonstrated that degradation caused by AO led to TPI composite surface with special “carpet‐like” morphology and this resulted into lubrication failure, especially when temperature was increased from 200 °C to 350 °C. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48441.
Experimental investigation of mechanical, thermal, and flame‐retardant property of polyamide 6/phenoxyphosphazene fibers
Authors: Di Youbo , Wu Xing , Zhao Zhou , Wang Wei 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTIn this study, flame‐retardant polyamide 6 (PA6) fibers incorporated with hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphazene (HPCP) were prepared by melt spinning. The effects of HPCP on the mechanical, thermal, and flame‐retardant property of PA6 fibers were investigated. The results indicated that PA6 fibers containing less than 15 wt % of HPCP possessed acceptable spinnability. HPCP resulted in a slight decrease in tensile strength and tensile modulus, however, an enhancement of the flexibility. Thermal decomposition temperature of PA6 fibers reduced about 22 °C but the residue at 800 °C increased. At the loading of 10 wt %, PA6 fibers reached a limiting oxygen index value of 28.6% and had no smoldering time in the vertical oriented burning. Residue analysis by Fourier‐transform infrared and scanning electron microscope revealed that a condensed phase mechanism was involved in the decomposition of PA6/HPCP system. Pyrolysis‐gas chromatography–mass spectrometry results demonstrated that HPCP not affected the composition of the pyrolysis gases, but mainly intensified the effusion of nonflammable gases, which is positive to flame retardancy. Therefore, the PA6/HPCP composite fibers would get access to satisfactory applications as flame‐retardant materials. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48458.