bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computational study of inverse ferrite spinels
Authors: Maazouzi A EL , Masrour R , Jabar A , Hamedoun M 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The magnetic properties of inverse ferrite

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, and

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spinels have been studied using Monte Carlo simulation. We have also calculated the critical and Curie Weiss temperatures from the thermal magnetizations and inverse of magnetic susceptibilities for each system. Magnetic hysteresis cycles have been found for the four systems. Finally, we found the critical exponents associated with magnetization, magnetic susceptibility, and external magnetic field. Our results of critical and Curie Weiss temperatures are similar to those obtained by experiment results. The critical exponents are similar to those of known 3D-Ising model.
Drought vulnerability and risk assessments: state of the art, persistent gaps, and research agenda
Authors: Hagenlocher Michael , Meza Isabel , Anderson Carl C , Min Annika , Renaud Fabrice G , Walz Yvonne , Siebert Stefan , Sebesvari Zita 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Reducing the social, environmental, and economic impacts of droughts and identifying pathways towards drought resilient societies remains a global priority. A common understanding of the drivers of drought risk and ways in which drought impacts materialize is crucial for improved assessments and for the identification and (spatial) planning of targeted drought risk reduction and adaptation options. Over the past two decades, we have witnessed an increase in drought risk assessments across spatial and temporal scales drawing on a multitude of conceptual foundations and methodological approaches. Recognizing the diversity of approaches in science and practice as well as the associated opportunities and challenges, we present the outcomes of a systematic literature review of the state of the art of people-centered drought vulnerability and risk conceptualization and assessments, and identify persisting gaps. Our analysis shows that, of the reviewed assessments, (i) more than 60% do not explicitly specify the type of drought hazard that is addressed, (ii) 42% do not provide a clear definition of drought risk, (iii) 62% apply static, index-based approaches, (iv) 57% of the indicator-based assessments do not specify their weighting methods, (v) only 11% conduct any form of validation, (vi) only ten percent develop future scenarios of drought risk, and (vii) only about 40% of the assessments establish a direct link to drought risk reduction or adaptation strategies, i.e. consider solutions. We discuss the challenges associated with these findings for both assessment and identification of drought risk reduction measures, and identify research needs to inform future research and policy agendas in order to advance the understanding of drought risk and support pathways towards more drought resilient societies.
The structures underpinning vulnerability: examining landscape-society interactions in a smallholder coffee agroforestry system
Authors: Morel Alexandra C , Hirons Mark , Demissie Sheleme , Gonfa Techane , Mehrabi Zia , Long Peter R , Rifai Sami , Woldemariam Gole Tadesse , Mason John , McDermott Constance L , Boyd Emily , Robinson Elizabeth J Z , Malhi Yadvinder , Norris Ken 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Smallholder farmers dependent on rain-fed agriculture are particularly vulnerable to extreme climate events and, therefore, it is necessary to identify adaptive measures that would increase farmer resilience to these shocks. The management options in a low-input system, like forest coffee (Coffea arabica), are limited and there are several factors out of farmers’ control driving their vulnerability to changing climatic conditions. These can relate to social structures and landscape factors, which can interact to reduce farmers’ adaptive capacity, creating a state of contextual vulnerability. We explored the potential synergies of this interaction across elevation, patch area and shade management gradients for smallholder coffee farms around the UNESCO Yayu Coffee Forest Biosphere Reserve in Ethiopia before, during and immediately following the 2015/16 El Niño. We documented a dramatic collapse in coffee yields across all farms, resulting in coffee incomes 29.5% ± 18.0% and 19.5% ± 10.0% of 2014 incomes in 2015 and 2016, respectively. We identified farms at elevations between 1500 and 1600 m with canopy openness between 40% and 45% as being consistently low yielding over our study period. We found these farmers had the highest rates of income diversification and, therefore, were already exhibiting adaptive capacity. Farmers with the largest income losses were spatially concentrated between 1600 and 1700 m, located in larger patch areas with lower canopy openness. Farmers at this elevation have access to poor infrastructure, restrictions on shade management and reported higher dependence on income from coffee, indicating an interaction of biotic and social factors exacerbating their vulnerability. Unfortunately, due to a nationally declared state of emergency, we were unable to survey farmers on the adaptive measures they undertook; therefore, we are limited in assessing their resilience. However, we do show the importance of considering both biotically and socially-mediated influences for assessing smallholder vulnerability, particularly barriers to diversifying incomes.
Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless transition on regular and Villain types of q-state clock models
Authors: Surungan Tasrief , Masuda Shunsuke , Komura Yukihiro , Okabe Yutaka 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We study q-state clock models of regular and Villain types with

using cluster-spin updates and observed double transitions in each model. We calculate the correlation ratio and size-dependent correlation length as quantities for characterizing the existence of Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless (BKT) phase and its transitions by large-scale Monte Carlo simulations. We discuss the advantage of correlation ratio in comparison to other commonly used quantities in probing BKT transition. Using finite size scaling of BKT type transition, we estimate transition temperatures and corresponding exponents

. The comparison between the results from both types revealed that the existing transitions belong to BKT universality.
Roadmap on all-optical processing
Authors: Minzioni Paolo , Lacava Cosimo , Tanabe Takasumi , Dong Jianji , Hu Xiaoyong , Csaba Gyorgy , Porod Wolfgang , Singh Ghanshyam , Willner Alan E , Almaiman Ahmed , Torres-Company Victor , Schröder Jochen , Peacock Anna C , Strain Michael J , Parmigiani Francesca , Contestabile Giampiero , Marpaung David , Liu Zhixin , Bowers John E , Chang Lin , Fabbri Simon , Ramos Vázquez María , Bharadwaj Vibhav , Eaton Shane M , Lodahl Peter , Zhang Xiang , Eggleton Benjamin J , Munro William John , Nemoto Kae , Morin Olivier , Laurat Julien , Nunn Joshua 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The ability to process optical signals without passing into the electrical domain has always attracted the attention of the research community. Processing photons by photons unfolds new scenarios, in principle allowing for unseen signal processing and computing capabilities. Optical computation can be seen as a large scientific field in which researchers operate, trying to find solutions to their specific needs by different approaches; although the challenges can be substantially different, they are typically addressed using knowledge and technological platforms that are shared across the whole field. This significant know-how can also benefit other scientific communities, providing lateral solutions to their problems, as well as leading to novel applications. The aim of this Roadmap is to provide a broad view of the state-of-the-art in this lively scientific research field and to discuss the advances required to tackle emerging challenges, thanks to contributions authored by experts affiliated to both academic institutions and high-tech industries. The Roadmap is organized so as to put side by side contributions on different aspects of optical processing, aiming to enhance the cross-contamination of ideas between scientists working in three different fields of photonics: optical gates and logical units, high bit-rate signal processing and optical quantum computing. The ultimate intent of this paper is to provide guidance for young scientists as well as providing research-funding institutions and stake holders with a comprehensive overview of perspectives and opportunities offered by this research field.
Effect of Arteriovenous Fistula Creation on Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure in Patients With Pre-dialysis Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Mathew Roy O , Fleg Jerome , Rangaswami Janani , Cai Bo , Asif Arif , Sidhu Mandeep S , Bangalore Sripal 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDCentral arteriovenous fistula (cAVF) has been investigated as a therapeutic measure for treatment-resistant hypertension in patients without advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). There is considerable experience with the use of AVF for hemodialysis in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, there is sparse data on the blood pressure (BP) effects of an AVF among patients with ESRD. We hypothesized that AVF creation would significantly reduce BP compared with patients who did not have an AVF among patients with ESRD before starting hemodialysis.METHODSBPs were compared during the 12 months before hemodialysis initiation in 399 patients with an AVF or AV graft created and 4,696 patients without either.RESULTSAfter propensity score matching 1:2 ratio (AVF to no AVF), repeated measures analysis of variance revealed significant reductions of –1.7 mm Hg systolic and –3.9 mm Hg diastolic BP 12 months in patients after AVF creation; P = 0.025 and P &lt; 0.001, respectively, compared with those with no AVF.CONCLUSIONSThese findings suggest that AVF creation results in modest BP reduction in patients with pre-dialysis ESRD who require AVF for eventual hemodialysis therapy. Preferential diastolic BP reduction suggests that greater work is needed to characterize the ideal patient subset in which to use cAVF for treatment-resistant hypertension in those without advanced CKD.
Role of ploidy in colonization of alpine habitats in natural populations of Arabidopsis arenosa
Authors: Wos Guillaume , Mořkovská Jana , Bohutínská Magdalena , Šrámková Gabriela , Knotek Adam , Lučanová Magdalena , Španiel Stanislav , Marhold Karol , Kolář Filip 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsPolyploidy is an important driver of plant diversification and adaptation to novel environments. As a consequence of genome doubling, polyploids often exhibit greater colonizing ability or occupy a wider ecological niche than diploids. Although elevation has been traditionally considered as a key driver structuring ploidy variation, we do not know if environmental and phenotypic differentiation among ploidy cytotypes varies along an elevational gradient. Here, we tested for the consequences of genome duplication on genetic diversity, phenotypic variation and habitat preferences on closely related diploid and tetraploid populations that coexist along approx. 2300 m of varying elevation.MethodsWe sampled and phenotyped 45 natural diploid and tetraploid populations of Arabidopsis arenosa in one mountain range in Central Europe (Western Carpathians) and recorded abiotic and biotic variables at each collection site. We inferred genetic variation, population structure and demographic history in a sub-set of 29 populations genotyped for approx. 36 000 single nucleotide polymorphisms.Key ResultsWe found minor effects of polyploidy on colonization of alpine stands and low genetic differentiation between the two cytotypes, mirroring recent divergence of the polyploids from the local diploid lineage and repeated reticulation events among the cytotypes. This pattern was corroborated by the absence of ecological niche differentiation between the two cytotypes and overall phenotypic similarity at a given elevation.ConclusionsThe case of A. arenosa contrasts with previous studies that frequently showed clear niche differentiation between cytotypes. Our work stresses the importance of considering genetic structure and past demographic processes when interpreting the patterns of ploidy distributions, especially in species that underwent recent polyploidization events.
Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Treatment Interruptions in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Type 1–infected Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy: Implications for Future HIV Cure Trials
Authors: Stecher Melanie , Claßen Annika , Klein Florian , Lehmann Clara , Gruell Henning , Platten Martin , Wyen Christoph , Behrens Georg , Fätkenheuer Gerd , Vehreschild Jörg Janne 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Safety and tolerability of analytical treatment interruptions (ATIs) as a vital part of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) cure studies are discussed. We analyzed current evidence for the occurrence of adverse events (AEs) during TIs.

Methods
Our analysis included studies that reported on AEs in HIV-1–infected patients undergoing TIs. All interventional and observational studies were reviewed, and results were extracted based on predefined criteria. The proportion of AEs was pooled using random-effects models. Metaregression was used to explore the influence of baseline CD4+ T-cell count, viral load, study type, previous time on combined antiretroviral therapy, and follow-up interval during TIs.

Results
We identified 1048 studies, of which 22 studies including 7104 individuals fulfilled the defined selection criteria. Included studies had sample sizes between 6 and 5472 participants, with durations of TI cycles ranging from 7 days to 27 months. The intervals of HIV-1-RNA testing varied from 2 days to 3 months during TIs. The overall proportion of AEs during TIs &gt;4 weeks was 3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0%–7%) and was lower in studies with follow-up intervals ≤14 days (0%; 95% CI, 0%–1%) than in studies with wider follow-up intervals (6%; 95% CI, 2%–13%; P value for interaction = .01).

Conclusions
We found moderate-quality evidence indicating that studies with narrow follow-up intervals did not show a substantial increase in AEs during TIs. Our findings indicate that ATI may be a safe strategy as part of HIV-1 cure trials by closely monitoring for HIV-1 rebound.
Nesting season, nest age, and disturbance, but not habitat characteristics, affect nest survival of Chinese grouse
Authors: Zhao Jin-Ming , Yang Chen , Lou Ying-Qiang , Shi Mei , Fang Yun , Sun Yue-Hua 
Published: May 2019

AbstractNest survival is a vital component of breeding success, and affects population dynamics, as the loss of nests is the main cause of reproductive failure in birds. To identify key factors for the conservation of Chinese grouse Tetrastes sewerzowi, we tested the effects of nest concealment, nest age, nesting season, and habitat edge on nest daily survival rate (DSR) of Chinese grouse using 54 nests found at Lianhuashan Nature Reserve, Gansu, China, 2009–2012. Moreover, we controlled for the effect of research activity by testing the effect of nest checks on DSR. Overall, mammal predation caused 93% of nest failures. DSR was 0.986 ± 0.0038 in the constant model and the probability of a nest with a full clutch of 6 eggs surviving the entire 40-day nesting period was 0.526 ± 0.090. DSR decreased with nest age and nesting season (from 19 May to 3 July). Mammals instead of avian predators being responsible for most nest failures suggest that nest sites might be selected to avoid visual avian predators, but not olfactory mammalian predators, and the decreasing trend of DSR with nest age and nesting season could attribute to an additive exposure effect. Moreover, nest checks conducted by investigators significantly lowered nest DSR, especially during the late period of nesting season and for older nests. Mammalian predators might locate the nest site by following the investigator’s odor. Based on our results, we suggest that the late incubation stage is a particularly vulnerable period for nest survival of Chinese grouse and those researchers should adjust their activities around nests to balance the need of acquiring accurate data and decreasing nest predation risk.
What is the Source of Bilingual Cross-Language Activation in Deaf Bilinguals?
Authors: Morford Jill P , Occhino Corrine , Zirnstein Megan , Kroll Judith F , Wilkinson Erin , Piñar Pilar 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWhen deaf bilinguals are asked to make semantic similarity judgments of two written words, their responses are influenced by the sublexical relationship of the signed language translations of the target words. This study investigated whether the observed effects of American Sign Language (ASL) activation on English print depend on (a) an overlap in syllabic structure of the signed translations or (b) on initialization, an effect of contact between ASL and English that has resulted in a direct representation of English orthographic features in ASL sublexical form. Results demonstrate that neither of these conditions is required or enhances effects of cross-language activation. The experimental outcomes indicate that deaf bilinguals discover the optimal mapping between their two languages in a manner that is not constrained by privileged sublexical associations.
Reduction of Plant Suitability for Corn Leaf Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Under Elevated Carbon Dioxide Condition
Authors: Chen Yu , Serteyn Laurent , Wang Zhenying , He KangLai , Francis Frederic 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn the current context of global climate change, atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations are continuously rising with potential influence on plant–herbivore interactions. The effect of elevated CO2 (eCO2) on feeding behavior of corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) on barley seedlings Hordeum vulgare L. was tracked using electrical penetration graph (EPG). The nutrient content of host plant and the developmental indexes of aphids under eCO2 and ambient CO2 (aCO2) conditions were also investigated. Barley seedlings under eCO2 concentration had lower contents of crude protein and amino acids. EPG analysis showed the plants cultivated under eCO2 influenced the aphid feeding behavior, by prolonging the total pre-probation time of the aphids (wandering and locating the feeding site) and the ingestion of passive phloem sap. Moreover, fresh body weight, fecundity and intrinsic population growth rate of R. maidis was significantly decreased in eCO2 in contrast to aCO2 condition. Our findings suggested that changes in plant nutrition caused by eCO2, mediated via the herbivore host could affect insect feeding behavior and population dynamics.
Asymmetric Consumption Effects of Transitory Income Shocks*
Authors: Christelis Dimitris , Georgarakos Dimitris , Jappelli Tullio , Pistaferri Luigi , van Rooij Maarten 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We use the responses of a representative sample of Dutch households to survey questions that ask how much their consumption would change in response to unexpected, transitory income shocks (positive or negative). The questionnaire also distinguishes between relatively small income changes (a one-month increase or drop in income), and relatively larger ones (equal to three-months' income). The results are broadly in line with models of intertemporal choice with precautionary saving, borrowing constraints and finite horizons.
Chlamydia muridarum infection induces CD4+ T cells apoptosis via PI3K/AKT signal pathway
Authors: Zheng Ningbo , Sun Lida , Pang Gaoju , Zha Xiaoyu , Niu Wenhao , Tan Lu , Zhang Hong , Bai Hong 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
Apoptosis is essential for the homeostatic control of the lymphocytes number during the development of an immune response to an invasive microorganism. CD4+ T cells play a major role in homeostasis of the immune system and are sufficient to confer protection against Chlamydia muridarum (Cm) infection in mice. The present study demonstrated that phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) p110δ mRNA and phosphorylation of protein kinase B (p-AKT) level were significantly increased in lung cells and spleen cells at day 3 and day 7 post-infection, p-AKT level was inhibited when adding PI3K inhibitor LY294002. Moreover, Cm infection induced high levels of IL-2/IL-2Rα in CD4+ T cells, which may relate to PI3K/AKT signal pathway activation. We observed that Cm infection significantly induced apoptosis of CD4+ T cells. The related apoptosis proteins Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 uneven expression levels were induced in CD4+ T cells by Cm infection. These findings provided in vivo and in vitro evidence that Cm infection induces CD4+ T cells apoptosis possibly via PI3K/AKT signal pathway.
Change Over Time in Caregiving Networks for Older Adults With and Without Dementia
Authors: Spillman Brenda C , Freedman Vicki A , Kasper Judith D , Wolff Jennifer L 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Objectives
We provide national estimates of caregiving networks for older adults with and without dementia and examine how these networks develop over time. Most prior research has focused on primary caregivers and rarely on change over time.

Method
We identify a cohort of older adults continuously followed in the National Health and Aging Trends Study between 2011 and 2015 and receiving help from family members or unpaid caregivers in 2015 (n = 1,288). We examine differences by dementia status in network size, types of assistance and task sharing, and composition—differentiating between “specialist” and “generalist” caregivers helping in one versus multiple activity domains. Multinomial regression is used to estimate change over time in network task sharing and composition.

Results
In 2015, older adults with dementia had larger caregiving networks involving more task sharing than those without dementia and more often relied on generalist caregivers, especially the subset assisting with medical, household, and mobility or self-care activities. Uniformly greater reliance over time on these more intensely engaged generalist caregivers chiefly accounts for larger dementia networks.

Discussion
Findings lend support to the need for caregiver training on managing multiple task domains and—for dementia caregivers in particular—task-sharing skills. More generally, the design of new approaches to better support older adults and their caregivers should consider the complexity, heterogeneity, and change over time in caregiving networks.