bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost Comparison of Femoral Distraction Osteogenesis With External Lengthening Over a Nail Versus Internal Magnetic Lengthening Nail
Authors: Richardson Shawn S. , Schairer William W. , Fragomen Austin T. , Rozbruch S. Robert 
Published: October 2018

Introduction:
Femoral lengthening is performed by distraction osteogenesis via lengthening over a nail (LON) or by using a magnetic lengthening nail (MLN). MLN avoids the complications of external fixation while providing accurate and easily controlled lengthening. However, the increased cost of implants has led many to question whether MLN is cost-effective compared with LON.

Methods:
A retrospective review was performed comparing consecutive femoral lengthenings using either LON (n = 19) or MLN (n = 39). The number of surgical procedures, time to union, and amount of lengthening were compared. Cost analysis was performed using both hospital and surgeon payments. Costs were adjusted for inflation using the Consumer Price Index.

Results:
No difference was observed in the length of femoral distraction. Patients treated with MLN underwent fewer surgeries (3.1 versus 2.1; P < 0.001) and had a shorter time to union (136.7 versus 100.2 days; P = 0.001). Total costs were similar ($50,255 versus $44,449; P = 0.482), although surgeon fees were lower for MLN ($4,324 versus $2,769; P < 0.001).

Discussion:
Although implants are more expensive for MLN than LON, this appears to be offset by fewer procedures. Overall, the two procedures had similar total costs, but MLN was associated with a decreased number of procedures and shorter time to union.

Level of Evidence:
III
Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Evaluation of Psychometric Properties of Persian Version of Supports Intensity Scale among Adults with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Salehi Sajed , Javadipour Sheyda , Nassadj Gholamhossein , Haghighi Mohammad Hossein , Saboor Shiva , Shakhi Kamal 
Published: October 2018

Purpose: This study was designed to translate and assess the psychometric properties of Supports Intensity Scale among adults with intellectual and developmental disability in Ahvaz and Tehran, Iran.Method: The cross-sectional study was carried out in two stages. The first stage consisted of the forward-backward translation of Supports Intensity Scale - Adult Version) SIS-A(. In the second stage, 197 people with intellectual and developmental disabilities were recruited in order to assess the internal consistency and test-retest reliability, concurrent and content validity of SIS-A. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed to approve the seven-factor model of the instrument.Results: The intra-class correlation coefficient values varied between 0.85 and 0.99 (very good to excellent). All subscales of the SIS-A showed Cronbach’s alpha above 0.70. Correlation coefficient between SIS-A and Barthel index was about -0.65, which shows excellent concurrent validity of SIS-A. The findings showed SIS-A had high ability to discriminate between groups with different IQ (p<0.05). There was no significant correlation between SIS-A and the age of participants (p>0.05). The result of CFA confirmed that the seven-factor model of SIS-A is the fittest pattern for SIS-A.Conclusion: The results indicated that the Persian version of SIS-A is a valid and reliable instrument to assess function and disability among people with intellectual and developmental disability.
Hyperinsulinemia and coronary artery disease risk factors in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and nondiabetics
Authors: Mozersky Robert P. , Bahl Vijay K. , Patel Hitendra , Palushock Sharon , Yamakawa Harusigh , Grondziowski Peter , Mook William 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
A study was undertaken to demonstrate the relationship between known risk factors for coronary artery disease and hyperinsulinemia in both patients without diabetes and patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Both groups of patients were categorized based on insulin levels in the fasting and 2-hour post glucose challenge state, in relation to the median insulin level for that group. Patients with an insulin level higher than the median value were compared with those with lower insulin levels. Differences in weight; levels of fasting glucose, insulin at 2 hours post glucose challenge, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; presence of hypertension; and history of smoking cigarettes-known risk factors for atherosclerosis-were analyzed. An elevated fasting insulin level was found to be strongly associated with a number of atherogenic risk factors in both sets of patients. Weight was the only factor with a consistently positive association with the insulin level in all subgroups. In both groups, the fasting insulin level was associated with more risk factors than the insulin level at 2 hours after administration of 75g of oral glucose.
Primary skeletal lymphoma imaging and pathologic correlation
Authors: Cook Michael A. , Manfredi Orlando L. , Kasaw Sarah , Murukutla Seetha 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Primary skeletal lymphoma is an uncommon tumor whose appearance on plainfilm radiographs has been well described. However, few reports have described the appearance of this neoplasm on magnetic resonance imaging. As in the primary skeletal lymphoma described, magnetic resonance imaging can be used to define the extent of the tumor and the degree of soft tissue and bone marrow involvement. It can also help to determine the biopsy site and to monitor the tumor's response to radiation therapy.
Cardiac arrest after esmolol administration: a review of acute beta-blocker toxicity
Authors: Litman Ronald S. , Zerngast Benjamin A. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
An 11-year-old, 25-kg girl with congenital myelomeningocele was scheduled for posterior spinal fusion because of progressive scoliosis. After induction of general anesthesia and administration of a standard dose of intravenous esmolol hydrochloride, her cardiac rhythm progressed to asystole. Although given ephedrine, epinephrine, and atropine sulfate, the patient's normal heart rhythm could not be restored until calcium chloride was administered. A review of the medical literature indicates that the optimal treatment for acute beta-blocker toxicity is intravenous glucagon. Calcium administration should also be considered. Acute esmolol toxicity may be self-limiting because of its extremely short half-life.
Standardization of the hospital record for osteopathic structural examination: Part 2. Effects of an educational intervention on documentation of palpatory and structural findings and diagnosis
Authors: Friedman Harry D. , Johnston William L. , Kelso Albert F. , Schwartz Frederic N. , Beal Myron C. , Seffinger Michael A. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The purpose of this two-part study was to develop and test an instructional videotape for use in the osteopathic hospital setting; to standardize a procedure for documentation of palpatory and structural findings and diagnoses; and to examine the program's influence on the correlation of palpable and structural findings with a diagnostic impression of somatic dysfunction. To that end, the authors analyzed results of a survey of the medical records of 20 osteopathic training hospitals. Patients' charts were randomly pulled before and after house staff who performed admitting hospital examinations viewed an educational videotape. The videotape emphasized that the structural and palpatory screening examination should simply answer the question, "Is there a problem in the musculoskeletal system?" Chi-square analysis was used to evaluate the frequency of documentation of altered structural findings (structure, motion, tissue changes) and the diagnostic impression of somatic dysfunction and their correlation. Based on more than 300 reviewed charts, the authors found that the frequency of documentation of structural and palpatory examination was not significantly altered after house staff viewed the videotape. A sequence of hospital-based instruction in osteopathic principles and practices has been initiated at more than 50 osteopathic medical institutions, and the problems related to continuing medical education and clinical research in osteopathic medicine are discussed.
Practice guidelines for the treatment of heart failure: A commentary on the facts you need to know
Authors: Stomel Robert J. , Gowman David P. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The federal Agency for Health Care Policy and Research has published its second set of guidelines in the field of internal medicine. These guidelines outline a comprehensive plan for the treatment of heart failure. They focus on the practical aspects of the management of patients with heart failure due to reduced left ventricular systolic performance (ejection fractions < 35% to 40%). They also offer expert opinion in the diagnosis and evaluation of heart failure and review clinical criteria for admission and discharge of these patients. Prevention of heart failure is a major focus of these current guidelines.
Single photon emission computed tomography scanning in diagnosis of a rare pelvic avulsion fracture
Authors: Gittins Mark E. , Krauss William D. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Avulsion fractures of the anterior inferior iliac spine are a relatively uncommon injury. Their diagnosis is usually made based on history, findings of the clinical examination, and standard roentgenograms. In the patient described, the diagnosis of avulsion of the anterior inferior iliac spine was made with the assistance of a single photon emission computed tomography scan, a relatively new diagnostic tool.
Chest wall metastasis after percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy
Authors: Sing Ronald F. , Kefalides Paul T. , Mette Stephen A. , Fallahnejad Manoucher 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Presented is a case of a chest wall metastasis due to tumor seeding along the needle tract from a percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of a lung carcinoma. At thoracostomy, the patient was found to have a chest wall lesion at the site of the FNAB that had been performed 4 months earlier. This relatively uncommon complication has been reported elsewhere, but its significance with respect to the management of lung lesions suspected to be malignant has not been defined. The authors maintain that FNAB may not be indicated in select patients. The application of this diagnostic modality should be considered individually on the basis of the patient's operative risk as well as the risk for having a primary lung carcinoma develop.
The potential contribution of miRNA-200-3p to the fatty acid metabolism by regulatingAjEHHADHduring aestivation in sea cucumber
Authors: Chen Muyan , Wang Shanshan , Li Xingke , Storey Kenneth B. , Zhang Xiumei 
Published: October 2018

The sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) has become a good model organism for studying environmentally-induced aestivation by a marine invertebrate more recently. In the present study, we hypothesized that miRNA-200-3p may contribute to establish rapid biological control to regulate fatty acid metabolism during a estivation. The peroxisomal bi-functional enzyme (EHHADH) is a crucial participant of the classical peroxisomal fatty acidβ-oxidation pathway, the relative mRNA transcripts and protein expressions of EHHADH were analyzed in intestine from sea cucumbers experienced long-term aestivation. Both mRNA transcripts and protein expressions of EHHADH in intestine decreased significantly during deep-aestivation as compared with non-aestivation controls. Analysis of the 3′ UTR ofAjEHHADHshowed the presence of a conserved binding site for miR-200-3p. Level of miR-200-3p showed an inverse correlation with EHHADH mRNA transcripts and protein levels in intestine, implicating miR-200-3p may directly targetedAjEHHADHby inducing the degradation ofAjEHHADHmRNA in the aestivating sea cucumber, further dual-luciferase reporter assay validated the predicted role of miRNA-200-3p in regulatingAjEHHADH. In order to further understand their regulatory mechanism, we conducted the functional experiment in vivo. The overexpression of miR-200-3p in sea cucumber significantly decreased mRNA and protein expression levels ofAjEHHADH. Taken together, these findings suggested the potential contribution of miRNA-200-3p to the fatty acid metabolism by regulatingAjEHHADHduring aestivation in sea cucumber.
Effects of knee extension with different speeds of movement on muscle and cerebral oxygenation
Authors: Formenti Damiano , Perpetuini David , Iodice Pierpaolo , Cardone Daniela , Michielon Giovanni , Scurati Raffaele , Alberti Giampietro , Merla Arcangelo 
Published: October 2018

Background
One of the mechanisms responsible for enhancing muscular hypertrophy is the high metabolic stress associated with a reduced muscular oxygenation occurring during exercise, which can be achieved by reducing the speed of movement. Studies have tested that lowered muscle oxygenation artificially induced by an inflatable cuff, could provoke changes in prefrontal cortex oxygenation, hence, to central fatigue. It was hypothesized that (1) exercising with a slow speed of movement would result in greater increase in cerebral and greater decrease in muscle oxygenation compared with exercises of faster speed and (2) the amount of oxygenation increase in the ipsilateral prefrontal cortex would be lower than the contralateral one.

Methods
An ISS Imagent frequency domain near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) system was used to quantify oxygenation changes in the vastus lateralis muscle and prefrontal cortex (contra- and ipsilateral) during unilateral resistance exercises with different speeds of movement to voluntary fatigue. After one maximal repetition (1RM) test, eight subjects performed three sets of unilateral knee extensions (∼50% of 1RM), separated by 2 min rest periods, following the pace of 1 s, 3 s and 5 s for both concentric and eccentric phases, in a random order, during separate sessions. The amount of change for NIRS parameters for muscle (ΔHb: deoxyhemoglobin, ΔHbO: oxyhemoglobin, ΔHbT: total hemoglobin, ΔStO2: oxygen saturation) were quantified and compared between conditions and sets by two-way ANOVA RM. Differences in NIRS parameters between contra- and ipsilateral (lobe) prefrontal cortex and conditions were tested.

Results
Exercising with slow speed of movement was associated to larger muscle deoxygenation than normal speed of movement, as revealed by significant interaction (set × condition) for ΔHb (p = 0.01), and by significant main effects of condition for ΔHbO (p = 0.007) and ΔStO2 (p = 0.016). With regards to the prefrontal cortex, contralateral lobe showed larger oxygenation increase than the ipsilateral one for ΔHb, ΔHbO, ΔHbT, ΔStO2 in each set (main effect of lobe: p < 0.05). Main effects of condition were significant only in set1 for all the parameters, and significant interaction lobe × condition was found only for ΔHb in set1 (p < 0.05).

Discussion
These findings provided evidence that speed of movement influences the amount of muscle oxygenation. Since the lack of oxygen in muscle is associated to increased metabolic stress, manipulating the speed of movement may be useful in planning resistance-training programs. Moreover, consistent oxygenation increases in both right and left prefrontal lobes were found, suggesting a complementary interaction between the ipsi- and contralateral prefrontal cortex, which also seems related to fatigue.
Deep learning based ultra‐low dose fan‐beam computed tomography image enhancement algorithm: Feasibility study in image quality for radiotherapy
Authors: Jiang Hua , Qin Songbing , Jia Lecheng , Wei Ziquan , Xiong Weiqi , Xu Wentao , Gong Wei , Zhang Wei , Yu Liqin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveWe investigated the feasibility of deep learning‐based ultra‐low dose kV‐fan‐beam computed tomography (kV‐FBCT) image enhancement algorithm for clinical application in abdominal and pelvic tumor radiotherapy.MethodsA total of 76 patients of abdominal and pelvic tumors were prospectively selected. The Catphan504 was acquired with the same conditions as the standard phantom test set. We used a CycleGAN‐based model for image enhancement. Normal dose CT (NDCT), ultra‐low dose CT (LDCT) and deep learning enhanced CT (DLR) were evaluated by subjective and objective analyses in terms of imaging quality, HU accuracy, and image signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR).ResultsThe image noise of DLR was significantly reduced, and the contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) was significantly improved compared to the LDCT. The most significant improvement was the acrylic which represented soft tissue in CNR from 1.89 to 3.37, improving by 76%, nearly approaching the NDCT, and in low‐density resolution from 7.64 to 12.6, improving by 64%. The spatial frequencies of MTF10 and MTF50 in DLR were 4.28 and 2.35 cycles/mm in DLR, respectively, which are higher than LDCT 3.87 and 2.12 cycles/mm, and even slightly higher than NDCT 4.15 and 2.28 cycles/mm. The accuracy and stability of HU values of DLR were similar to NDCT. The image quality evaluation of the two doctors agreed well with DLR and NDCT. A two‐by‐two comparison between groups showed that the differences in image scores of LDCT compared with NDCT and DLR were all statistically significant (p < 0.05), and the subjective scores of DLR were close to NDCT.ConclusionThe image quality of DLR was close to NDCT with reduced radiation dose, which can fully meet the needs of conventional image‐guided adaptive radiotherapy (ART) and achieve the quality requirements of clinical radiotherapy. The proposed method provided a technical basis for LDCT‐guided ART.
Emergent responsive neurostimulation in pediatric super‐refractory epilepsia partialis continua
Authors: Hadar Peter N. , Nanda Pranav , Walsh Katherine G. , McLaren John , Geffrey Alexandra , Simon Mirela , Kahle Kristopher , Richardson R. Mark , Chu Catherine J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFocal status epilepticus, particularly the motor variant of epilepsia partialis continua (EPC), is a rare condition characterized by near‐continuous, chronic focal motor seizures, and associated with poor outcomes. Medications, including anesthetics, are often unsuccessful. Surgical resection can result in motor deficits. We report a medically complex pediatric case of super‐refractory EPC that was successfully managed with combined focal resection and responsive neuromodulation. This case introduces neuromodulation as a treatment modality for this challenging condition.
A Roadmap of Peptide‐Based Materials in Neural Regeneration
Authors: Tsai Yu‐Liang , Song Jialei , Shi Rachel , Knöll Bernd , Synatschke Christopher V. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractInjuries to the nervous system lead to irreversible damage and limited functional recovery. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) can self‐regenerate to some extent for short nerve gaps. In contrast, the central nervous system (CNS) has an intrinsic limitation to self‐repair owing to its convoluted neural microenvironment and inhibitory response. The primary phase of CNS injury, happening within 48 h, results from external impacts like mechanical stress. Afterward, the secondary phase of the injury occurs, originating from neuronal excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation. No golden standard to treat injured neurons exists, and conventional medicine serves only as a protective approach to alleviating the symptoms of chronic injury. Synthetic peptides provide a promising approach for neural repair, either as soluble drugs or by using their intrinsic self‐assembly propensity to serve as an extracellular matrix (ECM) mimic for cell adhesion and to incorporate bioactive epitopes. In this review, an overview of nerve injury models, common in vitro models, and peptide‐based therapeutics such as ECM mimics is provided. Due to the complexity of treating neuronal injuries, a multidisciplinary collaboration between biologists, physicians, and material scientists is paramount. Together, scientists with complementary expertise will be required to formulate future therapeutic approaches for clinical use.
A Metasurface Using Molybdenum Disulfide as a Super‐Mossian Dielectric Material
Authors: Wang Xielin , Zhang Ding , Li Zhichao , Naik Gururaj V. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHigh‐index dielectrics or Super‐Mossian materials are essential for emerging nanophotonic applications. Several transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are promising as super‐Mossian dielectric materials. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is an outstanding super‐Mossian TMDC exceeding Moss' rule prediction of its refractive index by nearly 40%. This high refractive index enables compact, multi‐functional, and high‐performance metadevices. Here, a MoS2 metasurface is experimentally demonstrated using resonators with volumes of nearly a tenth of those made of silicon. To harness their phase control ability, a MoS2 blazed metasurface is designed, fabricated, and demonstrated. The performance of the device is benchmarked by rigorous‐coupled‐wave‐analysis calculation. The results suggest that MoS2 holds great promise as a dielectric material platform for emerging nanophotonic technologies.
Vertically Stacked Short Channel PtSe2/Ultrathin‐Silicon Heterojunction for Fast‐Speed UV Photodetection Application
Authors: Wang Jiang , Yang Jiangxu , Yu Bo , Wu Zhicheng , Jiang Mengting , Wu Chun‐Yan , Wang Yang , Liang Feng‐Xia , Ma Xuezhi , Li Li , Luo Lin‐Bao 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSuperior ultraviolet photodetectors (UVPDs) with fast response speed and high responsivity are essential for UV communication, intelligent sensing, advanced manufacturing, and more. Various studies have demonstrated the excellent performance of traditional UVPDs based on wide bandgap semiconductors (WBSs). However, these devices often suffer from a relatively slow response speed due to the defect states within WBSs. In this work, a new short channel non‐WBS UVPD is developed using the vertically stacked short channel PtSe2/ultrathin‐Si UVPD. The heterojunction is stacked by the 200 nm thick Si flake that exfoliates from a Silicon‐on‐Insulator (SOI) wafer by wet etching and the wafer‐scale CVD ‐grown PtSe2 via the mature PDMS stamp transfer protocols. The absorption in the Si layer, which depends on the incident wavelength, shows a strong correlation with the device photocurrent response. Under 365 nm illumination, the vertical device exhibits a fast UV response speed up to 51.8/73.6 µs. This performance outperforms that of conventional lateral structures and many WBS‐based UVPDs, largely attributed to the extremely short transport distances of photogenerated carriers and the superior physical characteristics of Si. This study shows that ultrathin‐Si is a promising building block for fast speed UVPDs, which are vital for UV optoelectronic applications.