bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of the Surface Properties of CAD/CAM and Conventional Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)
Authors: Al‐Dwairi Ziad N. , Tahboub Kawkab Y. , Baba Nadim Z. , Goodacre Charles J. , Özcan Mutlu 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPurposeTo compare surface properties of 2 brands of pre‐polymerized resin blocks for complete dentures (CAD/CAM PMMA) to conventional heat‐polymerized PMMA.Materials and MethodsA total of 45 rectangular specimens (25 × 25 × 3 mm) were fabricated from 3 brands of PMMA (n = 15/group): AvaDent CAD/CAM PMMA, Tizian‐Schütz CAD/CAM PMMA, Meliodent conventional PMMA. Specimens were examined for wettability using the sessile drop method, surface roughness using a digital contact profilometer, and microhardness using Vickers hardness number. Statistical analysis was performed using one‐way ANOVA and Tukey pairwise multiple comparisons. p‐Values of ≤0.05 were considered significant.ResultsAvaDent specimens demonstrated the highest mean contact angle (72.87 ± 48°) and the highest mean Vickers hardness number (20.62 ± 0.33). The conventional heat‐polymerized specimens showed the highest mean surface roughness (0.22 ± 0.071 μm). Tizian‐Schütz specimens showed the lowest mean surface roughness (0.12 ± 0.02 μm).ConclusionsAs CAD/CAM PMMA groups exhibited significantly more favorable surface properties in comparison to the conventional heat‐polymerized groups, CAD/CAM dentures are expected to be more durable. Different brands of CAD/CAM PMMA may have inherent variations in surface properties.
A reevaluation of the Andean Genus Petroravenia (Brassicaceae: Thelypodieae) based on morphological and molecular data
Authors: Salariato Diego L. , Zuloaga Fernando O. , Al‐Shehbaz Ihsan A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPetroravenia was until recently considered as a genus of three species (P. eseptata, P. friesii, and P. werdermannii) distributed along the Central Andes of Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, and Peru. This genus was included in the tribe Thelypodieae and was morphologically characterized by being tiny rhizomatous perennial herbs with rosulate leaves, dendritic trichomes, capsular silicles, and incumbent cotyledons. However, the phylogeny of Petroravenia, and its tribal placement, was never analyzed using molecular data. The lack of such studies, as well as the paucity of herbarium collections, suggesting that Petroravenia species are vulnerable and/or endangered, prompted us to address the molecular phylogeny of this genus. For this purpose, we generated comprehensive molecular phylogenies using nuclear (ITS) and plastid (trnL‐F and trnH‐psbA) data, and conducted morphological comparisons between these species and their closest related taxa. Results from the phylogenetic analyses showed that Petroravenia represents a polyphyletic group, with P. eseptata included in tribe Halimolobeae, and P. friesii and P. werdermannii placed within tribe Eudemeae and related to the genus Alshehbazia. Based on the results obtained from morphological and molecular data, we decided herein to retain the original circumscription of Petroravenia as monospecific within the tribe Halimolobeae and to transfer P. friesii and P. werdermannii to the genus Alshehbazia within the tribe Eudemeae. Systematic implications of these results are also discussed.
GRIMP: A machine‐learning method for improving groups of discriminating species in expert systems for vegetation classification
Authors: Tichý Lubomír , Chytrý Milan , Landucci Flavia 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimsExpert systems are increasingly popular tools for supervised classification of large datasets of vegetation‐plot records, but their classification accuracy depends on the selection of proper species and species groups that can effectively discriminate vegetation types. Here, we present a new semi‐automatic machine‐learning method called GRIMP (GRoup IMProvement) to optimize groups of species used for discriminating among vegetation types in expert systems. We test its performance using a large set of vegetation‐plot records.MethodsWe defined discriminating species groups as the groups that are unique to each vegetation type and provide optimal discrimination of this type against other types. The group of discriminating species of each vegetation type considerably overlaps with the group of diagnostic species of this type, but these two groups are not identical because not all diagnostic species have sufficient discriminating power. We developed the GRIMP iterative algorithm, which optimizes the groups of discriminating species to provide the most accurate vegetation classification, using a training set of a priori classified plot records. We tested this method by comparing classification accuracy before and after the GRIMP optimization of species groups using vegetation‐plot records from the Czech Republic a priori classified to 39 phytosociological classes, and three initial sets of candidate discriminating species from different sources.ResultsThe GRIMP algorithm improved the classification accuracy at the class level from 65% correctly classified plots in the test dataset before group optimization to 88% thereafter. The other plots were misclassified or unclassified, but misclassifications were reduced by adding further expert‐based criteria considering dominant growth forms.ConclusionsGRIMP‐optimized groups of discriminating species are very useful for semi‐automatic construction of expert systems for vegetation classification. Such expert systems can be developed from an a priori unsupervised or expert‐based classification of at least some vegetation plots.
Horizontal and Vertical Conflict: Experimental Evidence
Authors: Galiani Sebastian , Long Cheryl , Navajas Ahumada Camila , Torrens Gustavo 
Published: February 2019

SummaryWe experimentally explore the connections between horizontal conflict of interests (citizens have heterogeneous preferences over collective decisions) and vertical conflict of interests (agents in charge of implementing collective decisions earn political rents). We identify two sets of models that incorporate both types of conflicts: electoral models with endogenous rents, and common‐agency models. We adapt these models to a laboratory setting and test their main theoretical predictions. In both cases we find support for the proposition that more intense horizontal conflict leads to higher rents. Our findings have important implications. At the macro level, they help explaining the persistence of corruption in very unequal societies. At the micro level, our findings suggest that anti‐corruption programs should allocate more resources (e.g., inspectors and auditors) to areas with intense horizontal conflicts.
Risk associated with anesthesia for noncardiac surgery in children with congenital heart disease
Authors: Taylor Dan , Habre Walid 
Published: February 2019

SummaryDatabase analysis has indicated that perioperative cardiac arrest occurs with increased frequency in children with congenital heart disease. Several case series and large datasets from ACS NSQIP have identified subgroups at the highest risk. Consistently, patients with single ventricle physiology (especially prior to cavopulmonary anastomosis), severe/supra‐systemic pulmonary hypertension, complex lesions, and cardiomyopathy with significantly reduced ventricular function have been shown to be at increased risk for adverse events. Based on these results, algorithms for assessing risk have been proposed. How hospitals and health care systems apply these guidelines to provide safe care for these challenging patient groups requires the application of modern quality improvement techniques. Each institution should develop a system which reflects local expertise and resources.
Retrospective audit of airway management practices in children with craniocervical pathology
Authors: Morrison Christa , Avanis Mary Claire , Ritchie‐McLean Susanna , Woo Colleen , Herod Jane , Nandi Reema , Thompson Dominic 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundCraniocervical immobilization using halo body orthoses may be required in the management of children with craniocervical junction pathology. To date, the effect of such immobilization on perioperative anesthetic management has not been addressed in large series.AimsThe aim of this study was to review the airway management of children requiring halo body orthoses undergoing general anesthesia.MethodsThe study was a retrospective case note review from a single institution. The neurosurgical database was interrogated to identify all patients less than 16 years of age that required a halo body orthosis from 1996 to 2015. We used the electronic patient record to identify all procedures performed under general anesthesia for these patients, either for halo application, or with the halo in situ. Details of techniques used for airway management were recorded, and paired data between individuals pre‐ and post‐halo application were compared. Demographic data, diagnosis, and perioperative complications were also recorded.ResultsWe identified 90 children that underwent placement of a halo body orthosis. A total of 269 anesthetic records from these patients were analyzed and classified as pre‐halo application, or halo in situ. Facemask ventilation was achieved in all patients, though some required simple airway adjuncts and may have been more difficult in the presence of the halo. Supraglottic airways were used successfully in many patients. There was a significant increase in the number of patients classed as Cormack and Lehane grades 3 or 4 on direct laryngoscopy with the halo in situ compared with before the halo was applied. The incidence of intubation using fiberoptic or videolaryngoscopy was higher with the halo in situ. Multiple intubation attempts were required in 3.4% (1/29) of patients undergoing anesthesia for halo placement compared with 15.1% (11/73) undergoing anesthesia with a halo in situ.ConclusionAirway management in children with cervical spine pathology should be anticipated to be more difficult than the general pediatric population. This is likely to be due to co‐existing pathology associated with cervical spine disease in children, limitation of neck movement to prevent further neurological injury, and the halo itself limiting access to the head. We recommend advanced preparation, and ensuring the immediate availability of an anesthetist with skills in managing the pediatric difficult airway to avoid complications in this patient population.
The building blocks of shared leadership: The interactive effects of diversity types, team climate, and time
Authors: Kukenberger Michael R. , D'Innocenzo Lauren 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDespite the wealth of empirical studies and recent meta‐analyses demonstrating the positive performance effects of shared leadership, knowledge regarding antecedents is limited. We draw upon a collective approach to leadership identity construction theory and team diversity in order to understand the member attributes that impact leadership sharing. We suggest that both informational/functional and social categorization diversity types are important dimensions when considering shared leadership antecedents. First, we suggest functional diversity will result in higher levels of shared leadership but will only be realized when teams elicit a cooperative climate. Second, we suggest that gender diversity, a salient social category, will have a negative impact on shared leadership, particularly in a low cooperative climate. We further hypothesize these effects will change over time as the positive effects of functional diversity strengthen and the negative effects of gender differences weaken. We test our hypotheses, including the impact on team performance, in a time‐lagged sample of 267 undergraduate students in 73 teams competing in a complex business simulation and a constructive replication with 142 MBA students in 41 teams. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Little effect of delayed mating on fecundity or fertility of female fungus gnats Lycoriella ingenua
Authors: Cloonan Kevin R. , Andreadis Stefanos S. , Baker Thomas C. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe effect of delayed female mating for the mushroom fungus gnat Lycoriella ingenua is investigated. We examine the effect of delaying female mating on the fertility and egg viability of female flies that have a mating delay of 0–5 days after emergence. Male fly age is held constant. Female age does not impact male acceptance and most flies copulate within seconds of pairing. We find that female flies experiencing mating delays of 0–4 days after emergence lay a similar number of eggs onto artificial substrates. Females that experience a mating delay of 5 days lay 54% fewer eggs than those that mate on day 0 (day of emergence). There is no effect of mating delay on the percentage of larvae that emerge. The results of the present study indicate that mating delays have little effect on the fertility or fecundity of the mushroom fungus pest L. ingenua.
Termination of pupal diapause in the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa
Authors: Salman Md Habibur R. , Giomi Folco , Laparie Mathieu , Lehmann Philipp , Pitacco Andrea , Battisti Andrea 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDiapause development is a complex process involving several eco‐physiological phases. Understanding these phases, especially diapause termination, is vital for interpreting the life history of many insect species and for developing suitable predictive models of population dynamics. The pine processionary moth is a major defoliator of pine and a vertebrate health hazard in the Mediterranean region. This species can display either univoltine or semivoltine development, with a pupal diapause extending from a few months to several years, respectively. Although the ecological and applied importance of diapause is acknowledged, its physiological regulation in either case remains obscure. In the present study, we characterize pre‐termination, termination and post‐termination phases of pupae developing as univoltine or remaining in prolonged diapause. Changes in metabolic activity are monitored continuously using thermocouples, comprising a novel method based on direct calorimetry, and periodically by use of O2 respirometry. The two methods clearly detect diapause termination in both types of pupae before any visible morphological or behavioural changes can be observed. Univoltine individuals are characterized by an increase in metabolic activity from pre‐termination through to termination and post‐termination, ultimately resulting in emergence. Remarkably, a synchronous termination is observed in individuals that enter prolonged diapause instead of emerging; however, in these pupae, the increased metabolic activity is only transient. The present study represents a starting point toward understanding the eco‐physiology of diapause development processes in the pupae of the pine processionary moth.
Clinical usefulness of routine AFB culture and MTB PCR of EBUS‐TBNA needle rinse fluid
Authors: Ko Ryoung‐Eun , Jeong Byeong‐Ho , Chon Hae Ri , Huh Hee Jae , Han Joungho , Lee Hyun , Lee Kyungjong , Kim Hojoong , Kwon O. Jung , Um Sang‐Won 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveWe evaluated the usefulness of acid‐fast bacilli (AFB) culture and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS‐TBNA) needle rinse fluid for diagnosing tuberculous lymphadenitis.MethodsEBUS‐TBNA needle rinse fluid was routinely used for AFB culture and MTB PCR. The patients were categorized according to the pre‐procedural diagnosis (Group A, suspected/histology‐confirmed lung cancer; Group B, extrapulmonary malignancy; and Group C, other benign diseases).ResultsOf the 4672 subjects, 104 (2.2%) were diagnosed with tuberculous lymphadenitis; 1.0%, 4.6% and 12.7% of Group A, B and C, respectively. Tuberculous lymphadenitis was diagnosed in 0.2%, 1.0% and 4.5% Group A, B and C patients, respectively, by histopathology. On addition of AFB culture to histopathology, tuberculous lymphadenitis was diagnosed in 1.0%, 4.4% and 10.3% of Group A, B and C patients, respectively (P < 0.001, P = 0.001 and P = 0.005, respectively). On addition of MTB PCR to histopathology, tuberculous lymphadenitis was diagnosed in 0.4%, 1.9% and 8.8%, respectively (Group C; P = 0.029).ConclusionRoutine AFB culture of needle rinse fluid was useful to increase the diagnostic yield of tuberculous lymphadenitis for all subjects who underwent EBUS‐TBNA regardless of pre‐procedural diagnosis in an intermediate tuberculosis (TB)‐burden country. However, MTB PCR was only useful in subjects with pre‐procedural diagnosis of benign pulmonary diseases.
Clinical utility of leflunomide for BK polyomavirus associated nephropathy in kidney transplant recipients: A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Keller Nicolas , Duquennoy Simon , Conrad Anne , Fafi‐Kremer Samira , Morelon Emmanuel , Bouvier Nicolas , Moulin Bruno , Hurault De Ligny Bruno , Caillard Sophie 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundBK polyomavirus associated nephropathy (BKPyVAN) is a significant clinical issue in kidney transplant (KT) recipients. No specific therapy is currently available, although treatment with leflunomide may be part of the therapeutic strategy. Here, we sought to examine the impact of leflunomide on the evolution of BKPyVAN.MethodsThis was an observational retrospective study conducted in 3 French transplant centers. KT recipients who developed BKPyVAN and received leflunomide after failure of other treatment approaches were deemed eligible. Graft function, viral clearance, patient survival, rejection rates, treatment tolerability, and immunosuppression levels served as the main outcome measures.ResultsA total of 55 patients were included. Treatment with leflunomide was started after a mean of 1.4 ± 4.1months after BKPyVAN diagnosis. Between the introduction of leflunomide and the end of follow‐up, creatinine levels increased by 31 ± 118% (P = 0.04), whereas viremia decreased by 79 ± 37% (P < 0.001). Blood viral clearance was observed in 76% of the study patients. Rejection episodes occurred in 33% of the participants. Eleven patients lost their graft (9 of which because of BKPyVAN). Ten patients developed adverse effects and 3 discontinued leflunomide.ConclusionWe cannot conclude about the exact place of leflunomide in the therapeutic strategy of BKPyVAN. It may be a part of the therapy to promote BK polyomavirus clearance in cases of BKPyVAN who fail to improve after immunosuppression lowering alone. Unfortunately, a significant decline in renal function and high rejection rates remain major clinical challenges.
Risk factors for acquisition of meningococcal carriage in the African meningitis belt
Authors: Cooper Laura V. , Robson Anna , Trotter Caroline L. , Aseffa Abraham , Collard Jean‐Marc , Daugla Doumagoum Moto , Diallo Aldiouma , Hodgson Abraham , Jusot Jean‐François , Omotara Babatunji , Sow Samba , Hassan‐King Musa , Manigart Olivier , Nascimento Maria , Woukeu Arouna , Chandramohan Daniel , Borrow Ray , Maiden Martin C. J. , Greenwood Brian , Stuart James M. ,   the MenAfriCar Consortium
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate potential risk factors for acquisition in seven countries of the meningitis belt.MethodsHouseholds were followed up every 2 weeks for 2 months, then monthly for a further 4 months. Pharyngeal swabs were collected from all available household members at each visit and questionnaires completed. Risks of acquisition over the whole study period and for each visit were analysed by a series of logistic regressions.ResultsOver the course of the study, acquisition was higher in: (i) 5‐to 14‐year olds, as compared with those 30 years or older (OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.4–9.9); (ii) smokers (OR 3.6, 95% CI 0.98–13); and (iii) those exposed to wood smoke at home (OR 2.6 95% CI 1.3–5.6). The risk of acquisition from one visit to the next was higher in those reporting a sore throat during the dry season (OR 3.7, 95% CI 2.0–6.7) and lower in those reporting antibiotic use (OR 0.17, 95% CI 0.03–0.56).ConclusionsAcquisition of meningococcal carriage peaked in school age children. Recent symptoms of sore throat during the dry season, but not during the rainy season, were associated with a higher risk of acquisition. Upper respiratory tract infections may be an important driver of epidemics in the meningitis belt.
Surface wax esters contribute to drought tolerance in Arabidopsis
Authors: Patwari Payal , Salewski Veronika , Gutbrod Katharina , Kreszies Tino , Dresen‐Scholz Brigitte , Peisker Helga , Steiner Ulrike , Meyer Andreas J. , Schreiber Lukas , Dörmann Peter 
Published: February 2019

SummaryWaxes are components of the cuticle covering the aerial organs of plants. Accumulation of waxes has previously been associated with protection against water loss, therefore contributing to drought tolerance. However, not much information is known about the function of individual wax components during water deficit. We studied the role of wax ester synthesis during drought. The wax ester load on Arabidopsis leaves and stems was increased during water deficiency. Expression of three genes, WSD1, WSD6 and WSD7 of the wax ester synthase/diacylglycerol acyltransferase (WS/DGAT or WSD) family was induced during drought, salt stress and abscisic acid treatment. WSD1 has previously been identified as the major wax ester synthase of stems. wsd1 mutants have shown reduced wax ester coverage on leaves and stems during normal or drought condition, while wax ester loads of wsd6, wsd7 and of the wsd6wsd7 double mutant were unchanged. The growth and relative water content of wsd1 plants were compromised during drought, while leaf water loss of wsd1 was increased. Enzyme assays with recombinant proteins expressed in insect cells revealed that WSD6 and WSD7 contain wax ester synthase activity, albeit with different substrate specificity compared with WSD1. WSD6 and WSD7 localize to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)/Golgi. These results demonstrated that WSD1 is involved in the accumulation of wax esters during drought, while WSD6 and WSD7 might play other specific roles in wax ester metabolism during stress.
Changes in minimum hemoglobin and interdonation interval: impact on donor hemoglobin and donation frequency
Authors: Goldman Mindy , Yi Qi‐Long , Steed Tony , O'Brien Sheila F 
Published: February 2019

BACKGROUNDTo reduce donor iron deficiency in whole blood donors, we changed our hemoglobin (Hb) cutoff in males and interdonation interval in females.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSA change in messaging to females in fall 2016 was followed by changing the interdonation interval from 56 to 84 days in the appointment booking system (December 2016) and actual donation criterion (March 2017). The minimum Hb for males increased from 125 g/L to 130 g/L (March 2017). We evaluated Hb levels and deferral rates, donor presentations with a Hb level below 120 g/L, donation frequency, and donor base size before and after these changes.RESULTSThe Hb deferral rate decreased in females from 13.0% to 9.5%, increased in males from 1.2% to 2.1%, and decreased overall from 6.8% to 5.4% (all p < 0.001). Mean Hb increased from 135.0 g/L to 136.2 g/L in females and from 149.9 g/L to 150.6 g/L in males (both p < 0.0001). The percentage of presentations with Hb below 120 g/L decreased by 27% in males and females (p < 0.001). Annual donation frequency decreased by 12% in females and 4% in males; the donor base was expanded by 5.8%.CONCLUSIONSMany positive impacts were seen for female donors, including a shift in the Hb distribution curve to the right, and a large reduction in Hb deferrals. For males, there was an increase in Hb deferrals and a small increase in mean Hb. Changes were related to both reduced donation frequency and a shift in composition of the donor base.