bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facetten des Arzt-Patienten-Gesprächs in der Urologischen Praxis – Handlungsempfehlungen aus der Psychoonkologie
Authors: Kendel Friederike , Hilger Caren 
Published: January 2019

ZusammenfassungTumorerkrankungen werden von vielschichtigen Ängsten und psychischen Belastungen begleitet, mit denen der behandelnde Urologe konfrontiert wird. Dieser Beitrag beleuchtet Facetten des Arzt-Patienten-Gesprächs aus einer psychoonkologischen Perspektive. Dazu gehören die Risikowahrnehmung, subjektive Krankheitsvorstellungen, Lebensstiländerungen, Sexualität und ganz zentral der Umgang mit der Angst. Auf der Grundlage von neueren Forschungsergebnissen werden Anregungen für die Gesprächsführung gegeben. Der Beitrag zeigt aber auch Grenzen des Arzt-Patienten-Gesprächs. Eine professionelle psychoonkologische Unterstützung ist indiziert, wenn durch die Krebserkrankung psychische Krisen ausgelöst oder tieferliegende Konflikte wieder aktiviert werden. Sie kann auch hilfreich sein, wenn manche Probleme einfach mehr Zeit und Ruhe erfordern, als im Praxisalltag verfügbar ist. Deshalb erfolgt abschließend ein Überblick über weiterführende psychoonkologische Interventionen und Unterstützungsangebote für Krebspatienten.
2–Benzylidene–1–Indanone Analogues as Dual Adenosine A1/A2a Receptor Antagonists for the Potential Treatment of Neurological Conditions
Authors: van Rensburg HelenaDorathea Janse , Legoabe LesetjaJ. , Terre’Blanche Gisella , Van der Walt MiethaM. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPrevious studies explored 2-benzylidine-1-tetralone derivatives as innovative adenosine A1 and A2A receptor antagonists for alternative non-dopaminergic treatment of Parkinson’s disease. This study’s aim is to investigate structurally related 2-benzylidene-1-indanones with substitutions on ring A and B as novel, potent and selective adenosine A1 and A2A receptor blockers. 2-Benzylidene-1-indanone derivatives were synthesised via acid catalysed aldol condensation reactions and evaluated via radioligand binding assays to ascertain structure activity relationships to govern A1 and A2A AR affinity. The results indicated that hydroxy substitution at C4 of ring A and meta (3’), or para (4’) substitution on ring B of the 2-benzylidene-1-indanone scaffold (2c) is preferred over substitution at C5 (2d) or C6 (2e) of ring A for adenosine A1 receptor activity and selectivity in the micromolar range. Furthermore, substitution at the meta (3’) position of ring B with chlorine lead to the highly potent and selective adenosine A2A receptor antagonist, compound 2 h. Compound 2c and the 2q behaved as adenosine A1 receptor antagonists in the performed GTP shift assays. In view of these findings, compounds 2c, 2 h, 2q and 2p are potent and selective adenosine A1 and A2A receptor antagonists for the potential treatment of neurological conditions.
Therapie des chronischen Rückenschmerzes unter Berücksichtigung psychosozialer Faktoren
Authors: Henn Lea , Hardt Jochen 
Published: January 2019

ZusammenfassungChronische Schmerzen, darunter v. a. Rückenschmerz als häufigste Lokalisation, zählen zu den bedeutsamsten medizinischen Leiden weltweit. Die Kosten für das Gesundheitssystem sind dabei erheblich. Zugleich sind die derzeit noch häufig angewendeten Therapieansätze, die oftmals aus einer alleinigen symptomatischen Behandlung bestehen, wenig erfolgversprechend. In 80–85% der Fälle lassen sich keine morphologischen Anhaltspunkte für eine mögliche Ätiologie finden, sodass in diesem Fall von „nicht-spezifischen“ Rückenschmerzen gesprochen wird. Insgesamt betrachtet lässt sich die Genese chronischer Rückenschmerzen am besten durch einen multifaktoriellen Entstehungsmechanismus erklären, in den eine Kombination aus biopsychosozialen, biographischen, neurobiologischen, genetischen und kognitiven Faktoren mit einbezogen wird. Aus diesem Grund zeigt eine multimodal ausgerichtete Therapie die beste Wirksamkeit, weil sie die verschiedenen Aspekte der Schmerzentstehung berücksichtigen kann.
Magnetic Resonance-Guided High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (MR-HIFU): Technical Background and Overview of Current Clinical Applications (Part 1)
Authors: Siedek Florian , Yeo Sin Yuin , Heijman Edwin , Grinstein Olga , Bratke Grischa , Heneweer Carola , Puesken Michael , Persigehl Thorsten , Maintz David , Grüll Holger 
Published: January 2019

Background Extracorporeal high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a promising method for the noninvasive thermal ablation of benign and malignant tissue. Current HIFU treatments are performed under ultrasound (US-HIFU) or magnetic resonance (MR-HIFU) image guidance offering integrated therapy planning, real-time control (spatial and temperature guidance) and evaluation.
Methods This review is based on publications in peer-reviewed journals addressing thermal ablation using HIFU and includes our own clinical results as well. The technical background of HIFU is explained with an emphasis on MR-HIFU applications. A brief overview of the most commonly performed CE-approved clinical applications for MR-HIFU is given.
Results Over the last decade, several HIFU-based applications have received clinical approval in various countries. In particular, MR-HIFU is now approved for the clinical treatment of uterine fibroids, palliation of bone pain, ablation of the prostate and treatment of essential tremor as a first neurological application.
Conclusion MR-HIFU is a patient-friendly noninvasive method for thermal ablation which has received clinical approval for several applications. Overall, clinical data demonstrate treatment efficacy, safety and cost efficiency.
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Catalpol Ameliorates Neointimal Hyperplasia in Diabetic Rats
Authors: Lin Chiu-Mei , Wang Bao-Wei , Fang Wei-Jen , Pan Chun-Ming , Shyu Kou-Gi , Hou Sheng-Wen 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCatalpol, an iridoid glycoside, is an isolated natural product of Rehmannia glutinosa, which has been reported to have antidiabetic properties. This study investigated the vascular protective effects of catalpol in hyperglycemic rats with balloon-injured carotid arteries. Balloon injury stress led to the upregulation of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Western blotting and real-time PCR were performed. In situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, and confocal analyses were employed. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels were increased through streptozotocin induction or balloon injury. After treatment with catalpol, the neointimal hyperplasia area was reduced 2 weeks after balloon injury in hyperglycemic rats. Real-time PCR and immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated reduced levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 2 weeks after the balloon injury. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression was significantly increased in balloon-injured rats compared with the control groups. Thus, treatment with catalpol affected monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression. This study demonstrated that catalpol downregulated monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression in carotid arteries and ameliorated neointimal hyperplasia in hyperglycemic rats. The suppressive effect of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 suggests that it plays a key role in neointimal hyperplasia. The results imply that catalpol is potentially effective for preventing hyperglycemia-related ischemic cardiac diseases.
Deutsches Hepatitis C-Register (DHC-R) – eine Zwischenbilanz 4 Jahre nach Zulassung direkt antiviraler Substanzen (DAAs)
Authors: Hüppe Dietrich , Serfert Yvonne , Buggisch Peter , Mauss Stefan , Böker Klaus , Müller Tobias , Klinker Hartwig , Günther Rainer , Berg Thomas , Cornberg Markus , Niederau Claus , Sarrazin Christoph , Simon Karl-Georg , Zeuzem Stefan , Manns Michael , Wedemeyer Heiner 
Published: January 2019

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung In Deutschland sind mehr als 250 000 Patienten an einer chronischen Hepatitis C (CHC) erkrankt. Seit 2014 sind zahlreiche potente direkt antivirale Substanzen gegen HCV zugelassen worden. Ziel des Deutschen Hepatitis-C-Registers (DHC-R) ist es, die Epidemiologie und Versorgung von Patienten mit CHC abzubilden und die Effektivität und Sicherheit der neuen Behandlungsmöglichkeiten im Praxisalltag zu untersuchen.
Methoden Das DHC-R ist eine prospektive, multizentrische, nicht interventionelle Registerstudie. Bundesweit sind 327 Zentren für die Dokumentation freigeschaltet. Alle in Deutschland zugelassenen Medikamente wurden im DHC-R dokumentiert. Für die aktuelle Auswertung wurden 4 Phasen unterschieden: 2/2014 bis 12/2014, 1/2015 bis 12/2015, 1/2016 bis 7/2017 und 8/2017 bis 7/2018.
Ergebnisse Zwischen Februar 2014 und Juli 2018 wurden 12 170 Patienten in das Register eingeschlossen (61,3 % Männer), eine antivirale Therapie erhielten 11 268. Das Behandlungsalter sank von 52,3 (Phase 1) auf 49,3 Jahre (Phase 4), der Anteil der Behandelten mit einer Drogenanamnese nahm zu (von 26,9 auf 43,1 %). 2014 wurden viele Patienten mit Leberzirrhose (35,1 %) behandelt, deren Anteil im Verlauf deutlich abnahm (Phase 4: 16,5 %). Die HCV-Genotypenverteilung änderte sich im Zeitverlauf deutlich, zuletzt stieg der Anteil des HCV-Genotyps 3 (30 % in Phase 4). Die Ausheilungsrate (PP-Analyse) steigerte sich von 92,8 % im Jahre 2014 auf zuletzt 97,4 % bei sehr guter Verträglichkeit.
Zusammenfassung Das DHC-R beschreibt die Versorgungssituation der Patienten mit CHC in Deutschland, zeigt epidemiologische Tendenzen auf und belegt die ausgezeichneten Behandlungsmöglichkeiten.
Zusammenhang zwischen beruflichen Traumata, posttraumatischer Belastungsstörung und Depression – eine Beurteilung von systematischen Reviews
Authors: Bolm-Audorff Ulrich , Petereit-Haack Gabriela , Seidler Andreas 
Published: January 2019

ZusammenfassungIn einem Meta-Review wurden 35 systematische Reviews zum Thema mit AMSTAR, ein Instrument zur Qualitätsbewertung von systematischen Reviews, beurteilt. 31 Reviews wiesen eine niedrige Qualität auf und hatten überwiegend Studien ohne eigene Kontrollgruppe einbezogen. Die 4 systematischen Reviews mit zumindest mittelgradiger Qualität zeigten ein signifikant erhöhtes Risiko von Soldaten nach Entsendung in einen Krieg für die Entwicklung einer posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung (PTBS) und einer Depression. Ferner zeigten sich Hinweise für ein deutlich erhöhtes PTBS-Risiko von Feuerwehrleuten und Rettungssanitätern.
Inhibitory Effects of Pterocarpus santalinus Extract against IgE/Antigen-Sensitized Mast Cells and Atopic Dermatitis-Like Skin Lesions
Authors: Ham Baknoon , Kim Myungsuk , Son Yang-Ju , Chang Sungyul , Jung Sang Hoon , Nho Chu Won , Kwon Man Jae 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Pterocarpus santalinus has been traditionally used as a medicinal plant owing to its anti-inflammatory, anthelmintic, tonic, antihyperglycemic, and diaphoretic properties. We hypothesized that P. santalinus might have therapeutic potential in alleviating allergy and atopic dermatitis. Thus, we investigated the inhibitory effects of P. santalinus extract against allergic responses and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis-like dorsal skin lesions using immunoglobulin E-sensitized rat basophilic leukemia-2H3 mast cells and NC/Nga mice. Degranulation and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were conducted to measure degranulation, proinflammatory cytokine levels, and prostaglandin E2 concentrations in immunoglobulin E/antigen-sensitized RBL-2H3 mast cells. The therapeutic efficacy of P. santalinus extract in 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis was evaluated through morphological, physiological, and immunological analysis. P. santalinus extract inhibited β-hexosaminidase and histamine release and reduced tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-4, and prostaglandin E2 secretion. Furthermore, P. santalinus extract suppressed atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions by regulating the serum levels of immunoglobulin E and immunoglobulin G2a, and messenger ribonucleic acid expression of T helper cell 1- and T helper cell 2-related mediators in the skin lesions. Histopathological analyses showed a decrease in epidermal thickness and intradermal inflammatory cell infiltration. These results suggested that P. santalinus extract might have beneficial effects in treating allergic and atopic dermatitis-like skin disorders.
Antiprotozoal Germacranolide Sesquiterpene Lactones from Tanacetum sonbolii
Authors: Mofidi Tabatabaei Sahar , Nejad Ebrahimi Samad , Salehi Peyman , Sonboli Ali , Tabefam Marzieh , Kaiser Marcel , Hamburger Matthias , Moridi Farimani Mahdi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA phytochemical investigation of extracts from flowers and aerial parts of Tanacetum sonbolii afforded 7 new germacranolide sesquiterpene lactones. The structures were established by a combination of 1- and 2-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and electronic circular dichroism. The in vitro antiprotozoal activity of the compounds against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and cytotoxicity against rat myoblast (L6) cells were determined. Compounds 4 and 5 showed IC50 values of 5.1 and 10.2 µM and selectivity indices of 3.9 and 4.0, respectively.
Triterpenoids from Hibiscus sabdariffa L. with PPARδ/γ Dual Agonist Action: In Vivo, In Vitro and In Silico Studies
Authors: Giacoman-Martínez Abraham , Alarcón-Aguilar Francisco , Zamilpa Alejandro , Hidalgo-Figueroa Sergio , Navarrete-Vázquez Gabriel , García-Macedo Rebeca , Román-Ramos Rubén , Almanza-Pérez Julio 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Hibiscus sabdariffa is a medicinal plant consumed as a diuretic and anti-obesity remedy. Several pharmacological studies have shown its beneficial effects in metabolism. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors δ and γ may play a role in the actions of H. sabdariffa. These nuclear receptors regulate lipid and glucose metabolism and are therapeutic targets for type 2 diabetes. This research aimed to perform a phytochemical study guided by a bioassay from H. sabdariffa to identify compounds with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonist activity, supported by messenger ribonucleic acid expression, molecular docking, lipid accumulation, and an antihyperglycemic effect. An oral glucose tolerance test in mice with the aqueous extract of H. sabdariffa and the dichloromethane extract of H. sabdariffa was performed. The dichloromethane extract of H. sabdariffa exhibited an antihyperglycemic effect. The dichloromethane extract of H. sabdariffa was fractioned, and four fractions were evaluated in 3T3-L1 adipocytes on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, fatty acid transporter protein, and glucose transporter type 4 messenger ribonucleic acid expression. Fraction F3 exhibited peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ/γ dual agonist activity, and a further fractionation yielded two subfractions, F3-1 and F3-2, which also increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ expression. Subfractions were analyzed by GC/MS. The main compounds identified in F3-1 were linoleic acid, oleic acid, and palmitic acid, while in F3-2, the main compounds identified were α-amyrin and lupeol. These molecules were subjected to molecular docking analysis. α-Amyrin and lupeol showed the highest affinity. Moreover, both produced an increase in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, fatty acid transporter protein, and glucose transporter type 4 expression. Additionally, α-amyrin and lupeol decreased lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and blood glucose in mice. Until now, α-amyrin and lupeol have not been reported with activity on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. This study provides evidence that α-amyrin and lupeol possess antidiabetic effects through a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ/γ dual agonist action.
Towards curative therapy of chronic viral hepatitis
Authors: Bartenschlager Ralf , Urban Stephan , Protzer Ulrike 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPersistent infection with hepatitis viruses is a major medical burden that unfortunately is often ignored in the general public. This results in a massive under-diagnosis of these infections. According to the world health organization, the number of people dying every year from the consequence of hepatitis virus infection has surpassed the death rate caused by malaria and HIV and is equivalent to the one of tuberculosis. These numbers call for more intense efforts to devise more effective, ideally curative therapies that must become as widely accessible as they are e. g. for HIV infected individuals. A major step forward has been the development of curative antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C. In the case of hepatitis D virus, new drug candidates have been developed that should receive conditional approval very soon. For chronic hepatitis B, development is lagging behind but thanks to a re-emerging interest of pharmaceutical industry that was triggered by the success of hepatitis C therapy and the availability of novel infection systems, new attempts towards curative approaches for this highly prevalent infection are undertaken. Here we summarize the current status of therapy development for chronic viral hepatitis that ultimately aims at cure.
Interleukin-10 Protects Schwann Cells against Advanced Glycation End Products-Induced Apoptosis via NF-κB Suppression
Authors: Xu Shiqing , Bao Weijie , Men Xiuli , Liu Ying , Sun Jie , Li Jing , Liu Honglin , Cai Hanqing , Zhang Wenjian , Lou Jinning , Peng Liang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDemyelination resulting from Schwann cell injury is a main pathological feature of diabetic neuropathy, and a key contributor to this process may be inflammation due to advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Therefore, protection by anti-inflammation agents is anticipated. In this study, we showed that interleukin-10 (IL-10), an anti-inflammatory cytokine, inhibits apoptosis of Schwann cells induced by AGEs in vitro. We isolated and cultured Schwann cells from rat sciatic nerves. As detected by flow cytometry, apoptosis of Schwann cells markedly increased following incubation with AGEs for 48 h. However, pretreatment with IL-10 inhibited AGE-induced apoptosis. The effect of IL-10 on NF-κB, which is a very important regulator of inflammation, was also evaluated, and results showed high levels of phospho-NF-κB and nuclear localization of NF-κB in cells incubated with AGEs but low levels of phospho-NF-κB and cytoplasmic localization in the cells incubated with IL-10, indicating the activation of NF-κB by AGEs and inhibition of NF-κB by IL-10. Moreover, incubating Schwann cells with an NF-κB inhibitor (caffeic acid phenethyl ester) for 30 min before adding AGEs mimicked IL-10, lowering the amount of reactive oxygen species and activity of caspase-3 and also decreasing apoptosis in Schwann cells. These results indicate that IL-10 may protect Schwann cells against AGE-induced apoptosis by attenuating oxidative stress via the inhibition of activation of NF-κB.
Carbon Dioxide-Driven Palladium-Catalyzed C–H Activation of Amines: A Unified Approach for the Arylation of Aliphatic and Aromatic Primary and Secondary Amines
Authors: Young Michael , Kapoor Mohit , Chand-Thakuri Pratibha , Maxwell Justin , Liu Daniel , Zhou Hanyang 
Published: January 2019

Amines are an important class of compounds in organic chemistry and serve as an important motif in various industries, including pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and biotechnology. Several methods have been developed for the C–H functionalization of amines using various directing groups, but functionalization of free amines remains a challenge. Here, we discuss our recently developed carbon dioxide driven highly site-selective γ-arylation of alkyl- and benzylic amines via a palladium-catalyzed C–H bond-activation process. By using carbon dioxide as an inexpensive, sustainable, and transient directing group, a wide variety of amines were arylated at either γ-sp3 or sp2 carbon–hydrogen bonds with high selectivity based on substrate and conditions. This newly developed strategy provides straightforward access to important scaffolds in organic and medicinal chemistry without the need for any expensive directing groups.1	Introduction2	C(sp3)–H Arylation of Aliphatic Amines3	C(sp2)–H Arylation of Benzylamines4	Mechanistic Questions5	Future Outlook
Sulfur Betaines from S-Propargyl Xanthates. Unusual Chemistry from a Simple Functional Group
Authors: Zard Samir 
Published: January 2019

S-Propargyl xanthates undergo upon heating a [3,3] sigmatropic rearrangement followed by a reversible ring closure into a novel betaine. This betaine can be implicated in carbon–carbon bond forming processes, in the synthesis of esters, in the inversion of secondary alcohols, in the formation of alkenes, for the generation of rigid, cisoid dienes that are highly reactive in both inter- and intra-molecular Diels–Alder cycloadditions, and in various other synthetically useful transformations.1	Introduction2	An Unexpected Transformation3	Evidence for the Betaine Intermediate4	A Method for the Synthesis of Esters and for the Inversion of Secondary Alcohols5	A General Alkylation Process6	The Case of Carbon Acids7	A Synthesis of Alkenes8	Further Trapping Experiments. Concerted or Not Concerted?9	Rigid Cisoid Dienes10	Propargyl Radicals11	Concluding Remarks
Formation of COOH-Ylides, and Their Reactivities and Selectivities in Wittig Reactions
Authors: Suganuma Yuta , Kobayashi Yuichi 
Published: January 2019

Whereas two equivalents of base are typically required to prepare carboxylate (CO2
–) ylides [Ph3P+C–(H)-alk-CO2
–] (alk = alkanediyl) from carboxy (CO2H) phosphonium salts [(Ph3PCH2-alk-CO2H)+] X–, we reveal, for the first time, that carboxy ylides [Ph3P+C–(H)-alk-CO2H] can be generated with one equivalent of NaHMDS at 0 °C, and that the Wittig reaction of simple aliphatic aldehydes (1 equiv) with these carboxy ylides (1.5–2 equiv) in THF at –95 to –90 °C for one hour, then at warming temperatures to 0 °C over two hours affords (Z)-alkenoic acids. Phosphonium salts containing (CH2)
n
alkanediyl chains (n = 2–5) showed adequate reactivity and high Z-selectivity, whereas shorter or longer alkanediyl chains resulted in a low Z-selectivity and/or a low yield. On the basis of these results with different (CH2)
n
chains and that obtained with a rigid methylene group, we propose that a rapid equilibrium between Ph3PCH
2-alk-CO2
– and Ph3P+C–(H)-alk-CO2
H, through an intramolecular hydrogen exchange, accounts for the success of the Wittig reaction.
Truven Health Analytics MarketScan Databases for Clinical Research in Colon and Rectal Surgery
Authors: Schaefer Eric , Messaris Evangelos , Hollenbeak Christopher , Kulaylat Audrey 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe MarketScan databases are a family of administrative claims databases that contain data on inpatient and outpatient claims, outpatient prescription claims, clinical utilization records, and healthcare expenditures. The three main databases available for use are each composed of a convenience sample for one of the following patient populations: (1) patients with employer-based health insurance from contributing employers, (2) Medicare beneficiaries who possess supplemental insurance paid by their employers, and (3) patients with Medicaid in one of eleven participating states. Eleven supplemental databases are available, which are utilized to overcome the limited clinical data available in the core MarketScan databases. There are several limitations to this database, primarily related to the fact that individuals or their family members within two of the core databases mandatorily possess some form of employer-based health insurance, which prevents the dataset from being nationally representative. Nonetheless, this database provides detailed and rigorously maintained claims data to identify healthcare utilization patterns among this cohort of patients.