bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis C sero-prevalence and risks of transmission in end-stage renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis
Authors: Manandhar Nora Ranjitkar , Acharya Paras K. , Sharma Yuba Raj , Kayastha Gyan K , Pandey Bimal 
Published: May 2019

Introductions: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is common in the patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). The quality of life and survival of patients with hepatitis C infected end-stage renal disease is less than that of the noninfected ones. This study aims to determine the prevalence of HCV in patients undergoing HD and the risk of transmission.
Methods: This was a retrospective study of charts of the chronic kidney disease patients who underwent dialysis at Patan Hospital from March 2011 to July 2017. Those patients who were positive for HIV, HBsAg and HCV before the initiation of dialysis were excluded. Pearson Chi square test and Fisher’s Exact test were used to determine the significance of the results.
Results: Out of 173 patients, 12 (6.9%) seroconverted to HCV: five (41.66%) in first year, four (33.33%) in second year, and three (25%) in third year (Fisher’s Exact test p=0.26). Out of 173 patients, 137 (79.2%) received blood transfusion, 27 (15.6%) received erythropoiesis stimulating agent (ESA), 9 (5.2%) received both blood transfusion and ESA. The HCV seropositivity were 9 (75%), 2 (16.66%), and 1 (8.33%) respectively in them, Fisher’s Exact test p value was 0.65. There was no significant association between the seroconversions in in-center versus multicenter HD and the number of dialyses per week.
Conclusions: Hepatitis C infection was common (6.9%) in HD patients. There was no significant association of transmission in regards to duration of HD, transfusion or single vs multicentre HD.
Awareness of eye donation among eye health workers
Authors: Shrestha Poonam , Singh Sanjay Kumar , Hamal Diwa , Anwar Afaque 
Published: May 2019

Introductions: To assess the level of awareness and willingness of eye donation among eye health workers and compare it among the two institutes, one with cornea transplant services and other without cornea transplant services.
Methods: This was comparative, questionnaire based, cross- sectional study under taken among eye health workers in two institutes. The questionnaire contained questions on demographic details, their awareness on eye donation, reasons for donating and not donating eyes by people as perceived by them, their intention to donate eyes and source of information. The responses were compared and statistically analyzed using chi-square test.
Results: Of the 178 participants 132 participants were aware that eye donation was donation of eye after death. The most common source of information about eye donation was from eye professional. It was observed that 107 participants knew that eyes can be donated after death ideally within 6-8 hours of death. 139 respondents believed donated eye gives good sight to blind. Lack of awareness was cited as an important reason for people not donating eyes.
Conclusions: Eye health workers are well aware about eye donation they can be actively involved in eye donation campaigns in community level and can act as counselors for eye donors.
Congenital anomalies in antenatal ultrasound scan at a tertiary care teaching hospital
Authors: Shrestha Shreejana , Dwa Yogita , Jaiswal Pooja , Parmar Binod 
Published: May 2019

Introductions: Early detection of congenital fetal anomalies by ultrasonography (USG) helps to identify the severity and termination of pregnancy in severe cases. Anomalies cause significant perinatal morbidity and mortality. Aim of this study was to analyse real-time USG detection of prenatal anomalies.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study of fetal anomalies detected during 2nd and 3rd trimester antenatal USG scan done from 2011 to 2015, in Patan Hospital. Age of mother, parity, gestational age when anomalies detected and, anomalies of previous child, use of folic acid were analysed. Descriptive analysis was done.
Results: There were 35,571 deliveries in four years period with 134 (0.37%) congenital anomalies, 99 (79.2%) detected during antenatal USG during 2nd and 3rd trimester. Among 99 anomalies, 29 (29.29%) were detected before 22 weeks. Central nervous system (CNS) anomalies were 47, gastrointestinal 23, renal 12, skin and fetal compartment 8 and rest were less common. Young mothers of less than 30 years were 109 (81.34%) and primi were 85 (63.4%).
Conclusions: Antenatal ultrasound can detect fetal anomalies in 2nd and 3rd trimester with higher frequencies belonging to the central nervous system followed by gastrointestinal tract anomalies and renal.
Perception of rotating interns on emergency medicine posting of undergraduate curriculum and future career
Authors: Batajoo Kabita Hada , Shrestha Trishna , Pradhananga Sneha , Manandhar Shanta 
Published: May 2019

Introductions: Competency in basic knowledge and skill of emergency care is the fundamental goal of all the medical graduates irrespective of their specialty. The aim of this study is to understand the view of young doctors regarding the importance of emergency medicine (EM) both during internship and undergraduate MBBS curriculum.
Methods: This was a descriptive cross sectional study conducted at emergency department, KIST Medical College, Lalitpur, Nepal, during 2016 to 2017. Interns were asked to fill up preformed questionnaires to explore the effectiveness of the posting and its necessity to integrate in undergraduate medical education.
Results: All the respondent medical interns accepted emergency medicine posting was fruitful. Ninety-six (62.3%) thought one month Emergency Department (ED) posting as appropriate. All the participants thought EM should be included in the undergraduate curriculum (UG). Majority believed it would be appropriate in third year (42%) and final year (42%). One hundred and thirteen (73.4%) wanted to pursue emergency medicine career however 41 (26.6%) were reluctant.
Conclusions: All the interns surveyed accepted emergency medicine to be fruitful and should be included in the undergraduate curriculum with one month emergency department posting, and two thirds wanted to pursue it as future career.
Elective surgery patients walk to operating room instead of wheeled in on trolley: patient centered care
Authors: Maharjan Shanta Bir , Shah Shailendra , Dahal Romi , Gurung Rajan , Shah Jay N 
Published: May 2019

Introductions: Habits and beliefs of earlier practitioners influence medicine. We continue to wheel in the elective surgery patients to operating room (OR) which makes them feel not in self-control and increases anxiety. With few exceptions of heavily sedated, in severe pain or frail patients, most prefer to walk to the OR accompanied by nurse and family, if given the opportunity, in line with patient centered care. We aim to assess feasibility to allow elective surgery patients walk to OR accompanied by nurse and family member.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional observation of 100 consecutive elective surgery patients admitted at surgery department, Patan Hospital, Nepal. Adult patients of 15 years or above were allowed to walk to OR accompanied by a nurse and family members. Demographic profile, patient satisfaction, anxiety on arriving to OR, patient feeling of autonomy were recorded to assess patient centered care. Microsoft Excel was used to descriptively analyze the data. Ethical approval was obtained.
Results: Of 100 consecutive patients, 62 were female and 38 male, average age 52 years (range 15 to 72), and abdomen surgery 62 (62%). Two patients did not want to walk. The 98 patients who walked to the OR, all were satisfied and 89 were not anxious.
Conclusions: Elective surgery patients (98 out of 100) accompanied by nurse and family members walked to operating room satisfied and were not anxious.
Visitor’s perspective of Patan Hospital, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Nepal
Authors: Pawar Aditya S , Brar Baljeet 
Published: May 2019

A local man sits on the pavement in Patan Durbar Square at one am. A taxi driver calls a cell phone number I handed to him that belongs to the guesthouse I am staying at. Both of them are strangers to me, but go out of the way to make sure I reach home safe. It struck a chord, nice warm people and very hospitable. The next morning begins with meeting Mr. Shakya, the person in charge of visitors at Patan hospital, touring the hospital, including the outpatient department, emergency room, wards, auditorium, and medical school. I’m greeted with Namaste, and introduced as “tyo America ma doctor ho”. This is followed by a most important visit to the cafeteria. We go over the menu. I am told the most popular options and also advice to not order ‘jawanoko jhol” (for nursing females only, helps let down), I am told this will be explained soon in private. Curiosity grew. This hospital tour has surprised me because what I had in mind was a hospital with few rooms with barely any equipment. On the contrary, Patan hospital is fairly well equipped and organized with a CT scanner, multiple wards, and the medical school has an extensive public health department. Meanwhile I am offered a tea and biscuit everywhere. My first few hours of touring showed me that this is going to be a fun experience. This is followed by a stop at the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) where I will be on rotation for the next few weeks. Another cup of tea and biscuit follows, fourth of the day already.
Day one starts in ICU with meeting medical officers, staff, patients and nurses. Talking to patients helps me learn their perspective. It is quick mixing up with medical officers through lunch strolls, breaks. Our lunch discussions are very interesting, sharing our knowledge and experiences about our culture and educational system. What struck me then is I read and hear so much about what visitors have to say and how extraordinarily helpful this experience has been in shaping their career.1 But I wonder what it’s like for the local officers, what’s the impact on the medical officers, residents and students. Is it helpful? Do they feel they learn something, positive or negative impact? Or is it a source of brain drain?
Patient satisfaction with the behavioral competencies of their treating doctors: a hospital based study
Authors: Rajak Kripa , Pandey Shikha , Shah Komal , Malla Monisma 
Published: May 2019

Introductions: Patient satisfaction surveys are essential in identifying gaps in providing health care to patients and developing an effective plan for its quality improvement. This study aimed to assess the level of patient’s satisfaction with doctors’ behavioral competencies in communication skills, interpersonal manner, confidentiality maintenance and general satisfaction.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in admitted patients of Department of Surgery, Orthopaedics, Internal Medicine and Obstetrics Gynaecology between August 4, 2015 and August 28, 2015. Samples were selected by stratified random sampling technique. They were interviewed using a validated tool in 7-point Likert scale and collected data were analysed using SPSS.
Results: Out of 101 respondents, percentage of patients who had very high, high, medium, low overall satisfaction (communication skills, interpersonal manner, confidentiality maintenance and general satisfaction) were 27.7% (28), 24.8% (25), 20.8% (21) and 26.7% (27) respectively. Pearson Chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U test showed level of satisfaction did not differ with age, gender and educational level of respondents. There was positive Spearman’s rank correlation of general satisfaction with communication skill, confidentiality maintained and interpersonal manners. Communication skill had the highest correlation coefficient (57.8%).
Conclusions: The overall satisfaction (very high and high satisfaction) of the patient with the behavioral competencies of doctors at Patan Hospital is 52.5%. Communication skill had the highest degree of influence on the level of patient satisfaction. The level of satisfaction was not affected by age, gender and educational level of patients.
Evidence-based practice at Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Nepal: knowledge, attitude, behavior and barriers
Authors: Paudel Sudarshan , Acharya Balakrishnan M. , Pun Khagi Maya , Paudel Sushil , KC Krishnan Bahadur , Arjyal Amit 
Published: May 2019

Introduction: Evidence based practice (EBP) is the use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients. The aim of this study was to explore the practices, attitudes, knowledge and perceived barriers in relation to EBP among faculty members at Patan Academy of Health Sciences (PAHS), Nepal.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey study. Participants were faculty members (both clinical and non-clinical) at PAHS. The main outcomes were attitude towards the usefulness of EBP, the frequency of use of EBP in practice, and the barriers to carrying out EBP.
Results: One hundred and seventy-two faculty members participated in this survey. Ninety five percent knew it was used for clinical decision making and the majority used it for teaching. Senior faculty spent more time on searching for evidence and reading compared to junior faculty. There was no difference between clinical and non-clinical departments. The main barriers to EBP were inadequate teaching learning support by 49% (85/172) followed by inadequate time 30% (52/172).
Conclusions: The study showed that faculty at PAHS had a generally positive attitude towards EBP. EBP could be better facilitated by proper teaching and allocation of dedicated time.
Private and public families
Authors: Oltedal Siv , Nygren Lennart 
Published: May 2019

EnglishSocial workers around the world work with families and family complexities in their everyday practice. In this cross-national study, we explore social workers’ family intervention practices related to family definitions and functions, and how social workers balance children’s and parents’ rights and social policies in the proper context. Data derives from focus group interviews with child welfare workers from Norway, Lithuania, Chile and England based on discussions of a common fictitious complex family case (vignette). The four countries chosen for this comparative study are examples of four different welfare systems/regimes. The findings related to this broad area of caring topics are related to how the dimensions of a ‘private’ and a ‘public’ family manifest in social work in the four countries. Social workers in Chile and Lithuania refer to the idea of the private family, while their Norwegian counterparts lean more to the public family. English social workers combine public and private family conceptions in their focus groups, reflecting a system that is partly de-familialized.
SpanishFamilias públicas y privadas. La visión de los trabajadores sociales sobre la posición de hijos y padres en Chile, Inglaterra, Lituania y Noruega.Los trabajadores sociales en todo el mundo lidian con familias y sus complejidades en su práctica cotidiana. En este estudio de comparación internacional exploramos las prácticas de intervención en familias de trabajadores sociales en relación con sus definiciones y funciones, así como los modos en que los trabajadores sociales equilibran los derechos de padres e hijos y las políticas sociales en el contexto apropiado. Los datos provienen de entrevistas grupales con trabajadores sociales de servicios de bienestar infantil en Noruega, Lituania, Chile e Inglaterra, basadas en la discusión acerca de un caso común ficticio de familia compleja (viñeta). Los cuatro países seleccionados para este estudio comparativo ejemplifican cuatro regímenes o sistemas de bienestar. Los resultados relativos a esta amplia área del tema del cuidado tienen que ver con cómo las dimensiones de “familia privada” y “familia pública” se manifiestan en el trabajo social de estos cuatro países. Los trabajadores sociales de Chile y Lituania hacen referencia a la idea de la familia privada, mientras sus colegas noruegos se inclinan más hacia la familia pública. Los trabajadores sociales ingleses apuntan hacia una combinación de las concepciones de familia pública y privada en sus grupos focales, reflejando un sistema que es parcialmente de-familiarizado.
Pengaruh Motivational Group terhadap Penurunan Penggunaan NARKOBA pada Perempuan Penyalahguna NARKOBA di Kecamatan Cimahi Tengah
Authors: Medina Soraya 
Published: May 2019

Abstrak Perempuan korban penyalahgunaan zat atau obat-obatan di Kecamatan Cimahi Tengah terdiri dari berbagai kalangan yaitu, ibu rumah tanggga, mahasiswi, bahkan siswi sekolah menengah. Penyalahgunaan zat oleh perempuan tidak hanya menimbulkan masalah kesehatan saja, namun juga berdampak pada psikologisnya, selain itu pula tugas perempuan sebagai ibu untuk mendidik dan merawat anak menjadi terbengkalai karena perempuan penyalahguna menempatkan zat atau obat diurutan pertama selanjutnya adalah kebutuhan anak mereka. Di Kecamatan Cimahi Tengah, keberadaan perempuan penyalahguna sangat tersembunyi bahkan keluarga dalam hal ini orangtua tidak mengetahui penyalahgunaan zat yang dialami oleh anak mereka. Perempuan penyalahguna di Kecamatan Cimahi tengah belum mengakses sistem sumber berupa rehabilitasi karena belum adanya motivasi dari dalam diri mereka ditambah dengan adanya rasa takut dan malu terhadap hukuman sosial yang akan diterimanya. Pada kegiatan praktikum yang sebelumnya telah dilaksanakan, peneliti menerapkan Motivational Interviewing yang dilakukan secara individual pada subjek AP dan berdampak pada peningkatan motivasi pada subjek, namun ketika subjek kembali ke lingkungan pergaulannya dan ia tidak mendapatkan dukungan dari keluarga, ia kembali menyalahgunakan zat. Perempuan penyalahguna yang belum mendapatkan dukungan dari masyarakat maupun keluarga biasanya lebih memilih untuk bergabung didalam kelompok, hal ini yang menjadi dasar pembentukan Motivational Group. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh Motivational Group terhadap penurunan frekuensi dan dosis penggunaan zat pada subjek AP. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode Single Subject Design (SSD) dan model rancangan A-B-A. Baseline awal menunjukkan bahwa subjek pada awalnya tidak dapat melewatkan hari tanpa menggunakan zat dengan frekuensi yaitu sebanyak 9 kali dalam periode waktu enam hari berturut-turut dan dosis yang digunakan adalah excimer sebanyak 17 butir serta shabu sebanyak 5 shoot . Setelah diberikan intervensi yang dilakukan dalam sebelas kali pertemuan, terjadi penurunan frekuensi penggunaan yaitu sebesar 54,5 % dan penurunan terhadap dosis sebesar 46,7%. Implementasi Motivational Group dapat dikatakan berpengaruh untuk menurunkan tingkat frekuensi dan dosis penggunaan zat pada subjek. Kata Kunci: Pengaruh Motivational Group, Perempuan Penyalahguna NARKOBA
PARTISIPASI PRESSURE GROUP DALAM PROSES PENETAPAN KEBIJAKAN MANAJEMEN PENANGGULANGAN BENCANA DI LEMBAGA PERMASYARAKATAN ANAK KELAS III BANDUNG
Authors: Muis Ichwan 
Published: May 2019

Abstrak Penanggulangan bencana di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Anak Kelas III Bandung belum begitu banyak mendapat perhatian baik dari pemerintah maupun dari pihak terkait lainnya. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari belum adanya kebijakan manajemen penanggulangan bencana di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Anak Kelas III Bandung. Upaya advokasi perumusan kebijakan telah dilakukan untuk merespon isu permasalahan yang ada. Namun hasil perumusan kebijakan hanya sampai pada tahap konsultasi dimana hasilnya telah melahirkan draft kebijakan manajemen penanggulangan bencana. Hal tersebut tidaklah cukup dalam rangka menyelesaikan permasalahan kebencanaan yang ada. Sehingga selanjutnya peneliti melibatkan partisipasi pressure group dalam proses penetapan kebijakan manajemen penanggulangan bencana. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengujicobakan ide kedalam proses penetapan kebijakan manajemen penanggulangan bencana. Pelibatan pressure group merupakan suatu upaya untuk melakukan pressure terhadap Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Hukum dan HAM Provinsi Jawa Barat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yakni metode penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian action research. Sumber data yang diperoleh yakni dari pressure group dan pressure target. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik wawancara, studi dokumentasi, observasi partisipatif, dan focus group discussion. Pengecekan keabsahan data dilakukan dengan melalui uji credibility, uji transferability, uji depenability, dan uji confirmability. Partisipasi pressure group dipilih, karena proses perumusan kebijakan dapat juga dikatakan sebagai suatu proses politik. Banyak aktor yang terlibat dalam proses kebijakan salah satunya yakni pressure group. Aktor-aktor tersebut di dalam proses perumusan kebijakan dapat mempengaruhi satu sama lain. Oleh karena itu pressure group diharapkan dapat memberikan pressure terhadap Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Hukum dan HAM Provinsi Jawa Barat melalui kegiatan kampanye penanggulangan bencana di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Anak Kelas III Bandung. Adapun teknik pressure group yang digunakan dalam melakukan pressure yakni teknik lobby dan demonstration. Keberhasilan pelaksanaan kegiatan dapat dilihat dari lahirnya beberapa kebijakan terkait manajemen penanggulangan bencana di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Anak Kelas III Bandung. Adapun kebijakan tersebut yakni Surat Keputusan Nomor : W.11.PAS.PAS.26.UM.01.01.408 Tahun 2015 Tentang Tim Penanggulangan Bencana Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Anak Kelas III Bandung dan Surat Nomor : W11.PAS.PAS.26-PK.01.08.03387/2015 tentang Permohonan Kerja Sama (Memorandum of Understanding) dengan Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah (BPBD) Provinsi Jawa Barat. Kata kunci : kebijakan sosial, manajemen penanggulangan bencana, lembaga permasyarakatan anak, pressure group.