bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Choice of Fiscal Adjustment to Financial Crises: Expansionary vs. Contractionary Policies
Authors: Čekanavičius Linas 
Published: January 2019

[full article and abstract in English]
An everlasting debate over the economic policies to be implemented in the face of economic recessions tends to intensify every time such a crisis strikes. Two notably opposite schools have emerged: one that represent those who advocate for quantitative easing and increased government spending, and another that calls for austerity measures and disciplined public finance. The available empirical evidence cannot supply a definite solution to the spending vs. austerity debate if just one answer is to be provided, as there are numerous historical experiences when either strategy had worked or failed. The aim of this paper is to examine and assess the arguments of both schools of economic policies, to highlight the essential drawbacks and limitations of both and to identify the specific conditions under which each of the policy type can bring the desired impact. It is argued that both of the policy approaches rely on particular implicit assumptions and, if implemented recklessly, are liable to fail or create negative side-effects. A discussion of the relative merits and shortcomings of both types of recipes for curing economic recessions is illustrated by the references to the empirical historical cases. The main conclusion that stems out of the analysis is that a somewhat “medical approach” should be followed while attempting “to cure” ailing economies: regardless that the symptoms of a slump might be quite similar, one should start with an attempt to diagnose the underlying causes of the economic malady at hand, followed by the assessment of a “patient’s” health status, and only then proceed to the selection of an appropriate “cure” and treatment procedure.
An Analysis and Comparison of the Commercial Bank Competition Regimes in Lithuania and Denmark
Authors: Stanikunas Rimantas , Sergijenkovas Ivanas 
Published: January 2019

[full article and abstract in English]
The article itself is focused on the empirical researches that had challenged two different operational areas of the same entity, with a special emphasis on the challenges and opportunities for the banking segments of Lithuania and Denmark. The influencing factors of the banking sector within these two countries have been analyzed and compared. We have delved into the issue that the successful standing of a parent company within its home area of operations is not by default a guarantee of success for its foreign branch or subsidiary. The decisive factors for a successful competitive approach within the banking segment are compared on the national levels of Denmark and Lithuania.
The Efficiency of Public Procurement in the Republic of Kosovo: an Econometric Approach
Authors: Kacandolli - Gjonbala Drita , Shiroka - Pula Justina , Berisha - Shaqiri Afërdita , Osmani Myslym 
Published: January 2019

[full article and abstract in English]
This study aims at investigating and assessing the efficiency of the public procurement system and its main factors in the Republic of Kosovo. For this purpose, we collect data for a random sample of 243 economic operators (companies) eligible to benefit from public funds. We analyzed the data using descriptive analysis as well as econometric modeling, and we have used classical and ordinal logistic (o-logit) econometric models. In the absence of a direct indicator, the efficiency of procurement is measured by two proxy variables, discrimination- tendering criteria and a favor made to specific companies to win tenders, by their average as a third optional variable. Discrimination and favor are found to be present to a large extent, meaning that efficiency is very low. Among the major factors of the low efficiency of public procurement were political intervention, the non-transparency of the procurement process, a lack of capacity to implement procurement legislation and manage contracts, corruption and insufficient knowledge about procurement. Based on these results, important implications would lie in introducing measures for enhancing transparency, improving legislation, recruiting especially qualified staff or providing continuous training for the current procurement staff as well as improving the motivation of the staff to properly implement legislation and manage the procurement contracts.
Kompiuteriniai meno informacijos ištekliai
Authors: Garnytė Gintarė , Miežinis Dalius 
Published: January 2019

Šio darbo tikslas – iškelti pagrindines kompiuterinių meno informacijos išteklių leidybos, sklaidos ir vartojimo problemas. Apžvalgoje siekiama atskleisti kompiuterinius meno ir muzikos informacijos išteklius, jų vartojimo tendencijas, būdus ir priemones; aptarti svarbesniuosius meno ir muzikos kūrinių leidybos bei sklaidos klausimus; išnagrinėti meno kūrinių autorių teisių apsaugos pagrindines nuostatas*.Computer-based art information resources: survey of publishing spread, distribution and application topicsGintarė Garnytė, Dalius Miežinis
SantraukaThe survey is anued at disclosing computer-based resources of art and music, the ways, tendences of their usage; discussing major problems of publishing and spread of art and music works as well as considering the main rules regulations on copyright protection of art works. The target of this paper is to lay emphasis on the main publication, distribution and application problems of computer-based art informatikon resources.
Volumetric modelling of economic index structures
Authors: Brazaitienė Tatjana , Brazaitis Zenonas 
Published: January 2019

Economic index structures perform very important role in economy management and especially in process of preparing instant decisions. Therefore, timely and reasoned decision making and consequences of their implementation often depends on rationality of such structures. Volumetric model of economic index files, its development and adaptation are described in this article. This mathematical model allows to choose rational structure of particular index file, to evaluate it and to use it in practice gaining particular benefits. Specific example of model appliance is presented.Tūrinis ekonominių rodiklių struktūrų modeliavimasTatjana Brazaitienė, Zenonas Brazaitis
SummaryEkonominių rodiklių struktūros atlieka labai svarbų vaidmenį ūkio valdyme ir ypač – skubiai rengiant sprendimus. Todėl nuo tų struktūrų racionalumo labai dažnai priklauso pagrįstų sprendimų priėmimas laiku ir jų įgyvendinimo rezultatai. Straipsnyje aprašomas tūrinis ekonominių rodiklių rinkmenų modelis, jo kūrimas ir adaptavimas. Šis matematinis modelis leidžia išrinkti racionalią konkretaus rodiklio rinkmenos struktūrą, ją įvertinti ir taikyti gaunant tam tikrą naudą. Pateikiamos rodiklių rinkmenos dalies apimties matematinės vilties ir dispersijos skaičiavimo formulės, taip pat parodomi skaičiavimai visiems galimiems rinkmenos skaidymo būdams. Pateikiamas konkretus modelio naudojimo pavyzdys.
Dokumentai – inherentiškas kokybės vadybos sistemos elementas
Authors: Markevičiūtė Lina 
Published: January 2019

Ekonomikos globalizacija, tarptautiniø prekybiniø ir gamybiniø santykiø plëtra kasdien kelia vis didesnius kokybës reikalavimus. Rinkos dalyviai, reaguodami á ðiuos pokyèius, ieðko bûdø ne tik uþtikrinti, bet ir virðyti ðiuos reikalavimus. Organizacijos yra nevarþomos pasirinkti, kaip siekti kokybës – diegti ISO 9000 serijos standartus ar taikyti visuotinës kokybës vadybos nuostatas. Visuotinë kokybës vadyba vertinama kaip viena efektyviausiø organizacijos valdymo formø, o ISO 9000 serijos standartø populiarumà lemia operacinio organizacijos lygmens optimizavimo galimybës ir tarptautiniu mastu pripaþástamas sertifikatas, liudijantis organizacijos pastangas siekti kokybës. Taèiau ISO 9000 standartai daþnai yra ir kritikuojami – esà jie lemia biurokratijos apraiðkas, bet ne tobulëjimà. Kritikà ðiuo aspektu skatina ir tai, kad visuotinës kokybës vadybos teorija nereglamentuoja dokumentacijos bûtinumo. Ðio straipsnio tikslas – ávertinti, ar kokybës vadybos poþiûriu dokumentai kuria pridedamàjà vertæ ar yra tik savitikslë, á sertifikato ágijimà orientuota veikla*.

Documents – an inherent element of the quality management systemLina Markevičiūtė
SummaryEvery day the globalization of economics, the expansion of international trade and production relations are raising the requirements of higher quality. Reacting to these changes, the participants of the market are looking for the ways not only to ensure but also to transcend these requirements. Organizations are free to choose how to reach the quality – to instill the ISO 9000 series standards or to apply Total Quality Management regulations. Total Quality Management is estimated as one of the most efficient forms of organization management, and the popularity of ISO 9000 series standards is conditioned by the optimization possibilities of organization operating level and the internationally recognized certificate which proclaims the organization attempts to reach the quality. However, ISO 9000 standards are often criticized – purportedly they determine the manifestation of bureaucracy but not the improvement. Criticism on this aspect is fostered by the fact that the theory of general quality management does not regulate the necessity of documentation. The aim of the article is to assess whether the documents, from the quality management viewpoint, generate this surplus value or are only selfobjective activity towards obtaining the certificate.
Lietuvos akademinė e. biblioteka (eLABa)
Authors: Štreimikis Antanas , Kučiukas Vilius , Targamadzė Aleksandras , Žalys Albertas , Žurauskas Stanislovas 
Published: January 2019

Greita ir patogi prieiga prie mokslo ir studijø literatûros ir kitos informacijos pagerina studijas, mokslinius tyrimus ir bendravimà. Naudojantis internetu, pasauliniu þiniatinkliu, susisiekimo árankiais ir paieðkos sistemomis, nebûtina vykti á bibliotekà, laukti, kol atneð knygà, ir gaiðti laikà kataloguose ieðkant reikiamo ðaltinio. Kiekvienas skaitytojas norëtø skaityti jam priimtinu laiku ir patogiausioje vietoje. Lietuvos akademinë e. biblioteka (eLABa) skirta Lietuvos mokslo institucijoms, jø autoriai kuria mokslines ir studijø publikacijas, kurias reikia ákelti, kataloguoti, saugoti ir pateikti skaitytojams bei kitoms informacinëms sistemoms. Siekiamas eLABa rezultatas – naudojant informacines ir komunikacines technologijas sparèiau skleisti naujausias mokslo þinias ir mokomàjà medþiagà, gerinti moksliniø tyrimø ir studijø kokybæ, plëtoti nuotolines ir visà gyvenimà trunkanèias studijas, propaguoti Lietuvos mokslininkø, mokslo ir studijø institucijø veiklà ir pasiekimus, ugdyti þiniø visuomenæ ir plëtoti þiniø ekonomikà, tobulinti bendro visuomenës gyvenimo kokybæ. eLABa kuriama plëtojant Lietuvos akademiniø bibliotekø tinklà (LABT) ir ágyvendinant Europos Sàjungos struktûriniø fondø remiamus projektus.

Lithuanian academic e-library (eLABa)Antanas Štreimikis, Vilius Kučiukas, Aleksandras Targamadzė, Albertas Žalys, Stanislovas Žurauskas
SummaryQuick and comfortable access to scientific literature and information improves higher education, research and communication. Using the internet, World Wide Web, information search tools there is no necessity to go to the library, wait until the book is delivered to you and waste time while searching for the source you need in the catalogue. Every reader would like to read at the time and place most convenient to him. The Lithuanian Academic e-Library (eLABa) is designed for the personnel of Lithuanian research institutions who write publications on research and higher education that are to be submitted, archived, catalogued and presented to the readers and other systems.The aim of eLABa is, by the use of information and communication technologies, to develop favourable conditions to disseminate more rapidly the newest scientific knowledge and learning material, to improve the quality of research and higher education processes, to develop distance and lifelong learning, to promote the activity and achievements of Lithuanian institutions of research and science and higher education, to educate e-Society and develop knowledge economy, to improve the quality of society’s life in general. eLABa is being created developing the Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT) and implementing the projects funded by the European Union Structural Funds.line-height: 18px;">
Žiniasklaidos organizacijos nuosavybės struktūros įtaka žiniasklaidos priemonės turiniui
Authors: Jastramskis Deimantas 
Published: January 2019

Skirtingos žiniasklaidos organizacijos nuosavybės formos ir struktūros bei nuosavybės teisės valdytojų dalyvavimas arba nedalyvavimas organizacijos administravimo veikloje ir formuojant redakcijos politiką sudaro skirtingas sąlygas skleisti vienokį ar kitokį žiniasklaidos priemonės turinį. Šio straipsnio tikslas – aptarti skirtingų žiniasklaidos organizacijų nuosavybės struktūrų galimą įtaką žiniasklaidos priemonių turiniui, išanalizuoti Lietuvos nacionalinius dienraščius leidžiančių organizacijų nuosavybės struktūras bei jų įtaką redakcijos veiklai. Straipsnyje teigiama, kad tikimybė užtikrinti labiau nepriklausomą nuo žiniasklaidos organizacijos savininkų redakcijos politiką yra tuo didesnė, kuo yra sudėtingesnė ir įvairesnė pati nuosavybės struktūra, akcininkų interesų išskaidymas ir nepriklausoma, atsakinga visuomenei redakcijos politika sudaro sąlygas objektyviam žiniasklaidos turiniui, kuris yra visuomenės pasitikėjimo žiniasklaida didėjimo veiksnys, sukuriantis palankią situaciją žiniasklaidos organizacijai patenkinti turtinį nuosavybės valdytojų interesą.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: žiniasklaidos organizacija, nuosavybės struktūra, įtaka, turinys, nacionalinis dienraštis.The influence of ownership structure of media organization on content of mediaDeimantas Jastramskis
SummaryDifferent ownership structures of media organizations and participation or not participation of shareholders in the making of editorial policy create different conditions for dissemination of media content. The aim of the article is to analyze ownership structures of organizations of Lithuanian national dailies and their influence on content of these dailies. There is a greater probability for editors of media organizations to ensure independent editorial policy when ownership structures are more complex and various. Both depersonalization of shareholders’ interests and independent, socially responsible editorial policy form conditions for objectivity of media content. Such situation is favorable for profitable operation and fulfillment of property interests of media organizations’ owners.
Diplomatinio protokolo kaitai įtaką darantys veiksniai: komunikacinis aspektas
Authors: Grebliauskienė Beata , Sueldo Mariana 
Published: January 2019

Straipsnyje analizuojamas diplomatinis protokolas ir jo kaita komunikaciniu aspektu. Traktuojant protokolą kaip komunikacijos sklandumo ir efektyvumo užtikrinimo priemonę, tiriamos specifinių protokolo bruožų atsiradimo aplinkybės bei priežastys, atskleidžiami diplomatinio protokolo klostymuisi bei raidai įtaką darę veiksniai. Diplomatinis protokolas kaip komunikacijos proceso dalis analizuojamas keliais aspektais: komunikacijos proceso dalyvių tikslai, proceso dalyvių komunikaciniai gebėjimai ir vis daugėjimas šių dalyvių bei komunikacijos intensyvėjimas. Aptariami diplomatinės komunikacijos besikeičiantys tikslai pereinant nuo neapibrėžtumo vengimo iki siekio įtikinti. Atkreipiamas dėmesys į protokolui būdingą, tačiau nesavitikslį neverbalikos formų vartojimą, ritualų ir ceremonijų gausą nuo viduramžių iki mūsų dienų.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: diplomatinis protokolas, komunikacijos procesas, diplomatinio protokolo kaita, veiksniai.The influence factors in the development of diplomatic protokol: communicative perspectiveMariana Sueldo, Beata Grebliauskienė
SummaryThis paper provides an analysis of diplomatic protocol as part of the communication process, more specifically as a code of communication and the factors which have mostly influenced its development. Protocol being understood as a means to ensure effective and clear communication, the circumstances and reasons for the emergence of protocol are discussed. Three main aspects of protocol as a communication code are here considered as the most significant, namely: the participants in the diplomatic communication process and their aims, the communication abilities of individuals taking part in such situations, and the gradually and historically changing number of the participants involved in the diplomatic communication process, as well as the intensity of communication. This article unveils these three factors within the area of communication, focusing respectively on each of them, starting with an overview of ritualized and rule-base interpersonal communication as a means to reduce uncertainty. Then diplomatic communication as a persuasive tool is analysed as a ruled self-expression within a purposefully created context, where the participants seek individual goals. Then follows a brief analysis of the changing communication goals, ranging from the avoidance of uncertainty to the seek of persuassion. Attention is drawn to the frequent use of non-verbal communication forms, rituals and ceremonies as an integral component of protocol, from its emergence in the Middle Ages till our times.span>
Formalių konceptų analizė, kuriant taikomosios srities ontologijas
Authors: Jurkevičius Darius , Vasilecas Olegas , Laukaitis Algirdas 
Published: January 2019

Straipsnyje pristatomas naujas metodas, kuris padeda sukurti dalykinės srities ontologiją. Pagrindinis metodo bruožas pasireiškia tuo, kad ontologijos kūrimo metu dalykinės srities objektai, konceptai, bei konceptų atributai analizuojami atliekant formalių konceptų analizės algoritmus. Be to, šio metodo ontologijos kūrimo rezultatai gali būti taikomi dalykinės srities dokumentų semantiniam indeksavimui, kas ypač svarbu plėtojant semantinio interneto technologijas. Be šio metodo pristatymo, šiame straipsnyje yra aprašytas eksperimentinis tyrimas susijęs su nekilnojamojo turto dalykine sritimi. Eksperimento metu buvo sukurtas sistemos prototipas, kuris realizuoja straipsnyje pateiktą ontologijos kūrimo metodą. Manome, kad sukurto prototipo architektūra taip pat bus naudinga kitiems tyrėjams ontologijų kūrimo srityje.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: ontologija, formalių konceptų analizė, formalus konceptas, duomenų analizė.Ontology building using formal conceptDarius Jurkevičius, Olegas Vasilecas, Algirdas Laukaitis
SummaryIn this article the method how to make ontology using formal concepts is described. This method is used to collect terms of specific domain. This method allows to represent the hierarchical tree of concepts without analysing terms of specific domain. The main idea of proposed method is to select terms (objects) from collected data using templates. Later collected terms are analysed using formal concept analysis method. This allows to simplify the steps of terms analysis and ontology representing in ontology creating process. In this article the experiment and it‘s results and conclusions are described. The realty domain is select for the experiment.Keywords. Ontology, formal concept analysis, formal concept, programme agent.x;">
Nacionalinės sąskaitybos informacijos vadyba: istorija, dabartis
Authors: Valkauskas Romualdas 
Published: January 2019

Nacionalinės sąskaitybos informacija yra šaltinis vadybai, verslo vadybai, tai būtina prielaida ne tik ūkiškai veiklai. Ji – informacijos apie šalyje vykstančius procesus bei reiškinius „registravimo“ sistema. Ji – ūkio statistikos metodas, specifinė informacinė sistema, kurios vadyba yra bene svariausia statistikos praktikos sritis. Nacionalinės sąskaitybos istorija Lietuvoje yra savita. Ši istorija yra ne tik Lietuvos ūkio statistikos teorijos ir praktikos istorijos vienas komponentų. Straipsnyje aptariama nacionalinės sąskaitybos teorijos ir metodologijos raida, nacionalinių sąskaitų sistemos skiriamieji bruožai Lietuvoje.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: nacionalinė sąskaityba, specifinė informacinė sistema, Albinas Rimka, statistikos praktikos istorija, balansinės statistikos istorinė raida.National account in the management of information: the history, the presentRomualdas Valkauskas
SummaryIn the article says, balance statistics and one of direction they – national account is the source information for management, for business management and other social and economical activities. Development and current status the system of national account in the Lithuania is not only result the development the praxis and theory of economical statistics, but also result development the praxis and theory of balance statistics not only in the Lithuania.In the article suggested historical halting places to description development of balance statistics, to detect development distinguishing feature the system of national account not only in the Lithuania. These places can by:• Balance accounting till beginning system of national account (until 1938);• T The arise the system of national account and legalize they (1938–1953);• T The improve the system of national account and make up the individual standards the national account for states and regional (1953–1979);• T The system of national accounting become a prevalent the system of balance accounting (from 1979).