bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of vatinoxan on cardiorespiratory function and gastrointestinal motility during constant‐rate medetomidine infusion in standing horses
Authors: Tapio H. , Raekallio M. R. , Mykkänen A. , Männikkö S. , Scheinin M. , Bennett R. C. , Vainio O. 
Published: February 2019

SummaryBackgroundMedetomidine suppresses cardiovascular function and reduces gastrointestinal motility in horses mainly through peripheral α2‐adrenoceptors. Vatinoxan, a peripheral α2‐antagonist, has been shown experimentally to alleviate the adverse effects of some α2‐agonists in horses. However, vatinoxan has not been investigated during constant‐rate infusion (CRI) of medetomidine in standing horses.ObjectivesTo evaluate effects of vatinoxan on cardiovascular function, gastrointestinal motility and on sedation level during CRI of medetomidine.Study designExperimental, randomised, blinded, cross‐over study.MethodsSix healthy horses were given medetomidine hydrochloride, 7 μg/kg i.v., without (MED) and with (MED+V) vatinoxan hydrochloride, 140 μg/kg i.v., followed by CRI of medetomidine at 3.5 μg/kg/h for 60 min. Cardiorespiratory variables were recorded and borborygmi and sedation levels were scored for 120 min. Plasma drug concentrations were measured. The data were analysed using repeated measures ANCOVA and paired t‐tests as appropriate.ResultsInitially heart rate (HR) was significantly lower and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) significantly higher with MED compared with MED+V. For example at 10 min HR (mean ± s.d.) was 26 ± 2 and 31 ± 5 beats/minute (P = 0.04) and MAP 129 ± 15 and 103 ± 13 mmHg (P<0.001) respectively. At 10 min, cardiac index was lower (P = 0.02) and systemic vascular resistance higher (P = 0.001) with MED than with MED+V. Borborygmi were reduced after MED; this effect was attenuated by vatinoxan (P<0.001). All horses were sedated with medetomidine, but the mean sedation scores were reduced with MED+V until 20 min (6.8 ± 0.8 and 4.5 ± 1.5 with MED and MED+V, respectively, at 10 min, P = 0.001). Plasma concentration of dexmedetomidine was significantly lower in the presence of vatinoxan (P = 0.01).Main limitationsExperimental study with healthy, unstimulated animals.ConclusionsVatinoxan administered i.v. with a loading dose of medetomidine improved cardiovascular function and gastrointestinal motility during medetomidine CRI in healthy horses. Sedation was slightly yet significantly reduced during the first 20 min..
The Summary is available in Portuguese – see Supporting Information
Heterogeneity and incorporation of chromium isotopes in recent marine molluscs (Mytilus)
Authors: Bruggmann Sylvie , Klaebe Robert M. , Paulukat Cora , Frei Robert 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe mollusc genus Mytilus is abundant in various modern marine environments and is an important substrate for palaeo‐proxy work. The redox‐sensitive chromium (Cr) isotope system is emerging as a proxy for changes in the oxidation state of the Earth's atmosphere and oceans. However, potential isotopic offsets between ambient sea water and modern biogenic carbonates have yet to be constrained. We measured Cr concentrations ([Cr]) and isotope variations (δ53Cr) in recent mollusc shells (Mytilus) from open and restricted marine environments and compared these to ambient sea water δ53Cr values. We found a large range in mollusc [Cr] (12–309 ppb) and δ53Cr values (−0.30 to +1.25‰) and in the offset between δ53Cr values of mollusc shells and ambient sea water (, −0.17 to −0.91‰). Step digestions of cultivated Mytilus edulis specimens indicate that Cr is mainly concentrated in organic components of the shell (periostracum: 407 ppb, n = 2), whereas the mollusc carbonate minerals contain ≤3 ppb Cr. Analyses of individual Cr‐hosting phases (i.e., carbonate minerals and organic matrix) did not reveal significant differences in δ53Cr values, and thus, we suggest that Cr isotope fractionation may likely take place prior to rather than during biomineralisation of Mytilus shells. Heterogeneity of δ53Cr values in mollusc shells depends on sea water chemistry (e.g., salinity, food availability, faeces). The main control for δ53Cr values incorporated into shells, however, is likely vital effects (in particular shell valve closure time) since Cr can be partially or quantitatively reduced in sea water trapped between closed shell valves. The δ53Cr values recorded in Mytilus shells may thus be de‐coupled from the redox conditions of ambient sea water, introducing additional heterogeneity that needs to be better constrained before using δ53Cr values in mollusc shells for palaeo‐reconstructions.
Land‐sparing agriculture sustains higher levels of avian functional diversity than land sharing
Authors: Cannon Patrick G. , Gilroy James J. , Tobias Joseph A. , Anderson Alex , Haugaasen Torbjørn , Edwards David P. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe ecological impacts of meeting rising demands for food production can potentially be mitigated by two competing land‐use strategies: off‐setting natural habitats through intensification of existing farmland (land sparing), or elevating biodiversity within the agricultural matrix via the integration of “wildlife‐friendly” habitat features (land sharing). However, a key unanswered question is whether sparing or sharing farming would best conserve functional diversity, which can promote ecosystem stability and resilience to future land‐use change. Focusing on bird communities in tropical cloud forests of the Colombian Andes, we test the performance of each strategy in conserving functional diversity. We show that multiple components of avian functional diversity in farmland are positively related to the proximity and extent of natural forest. Using landscape and community simulations, we also show that land‐sparing agriculture conserves greater functional diversity and predicts higher abundance of species supplying key ecological functions than land sharing, with sharing becoming progressively inferior with increasing isolation from remnant forest. These results suggest low‐intensity agriculture is likely to conserve little functional diversity unless large blocks of adjacent natural habitat are protected, consistent with land sparing. To ensure the retention of functionally diverse ecosystems, we urgently need to implement mechanisms for increasing farmland productivity whilst protecting spared land.
The dielectric property and phase transition of Sr‐doping effect of Ba1−xSrxTi0.9Mn0.1O3‐δ ceramic
Authors: Lei Chien‐Ming , Siao Ya‐Shan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this work, we prepare Ba1−xSrxTi0.9Mn.01O3‐δ (x = 0.00, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.07) ceramics by the mixed oxide method and study the relationship between phase transition and dielectric property of the ceramics. The phase of the samples transformed from a hexagonal phase to mixed phases due to the increase in Sr doping amount. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) profiles and Raman spectra of the samples also show the same phase transformation due to increasing Sr doping amount. The XRD pattern of the undoped sample indicates a single h‐BaTiO3 phase with P63/mmc symmetric space group, while the samples with high Sr doping amounts have a mixed phase with t‐BaTiO3 with P4mm symmetric space group. The scanning electron microscopy images show two types of BaTiO3 grains, which grew with increasing sintering temperature. With increasing Sr concentration, the K‐values (relative dielectric constant) of the ceramics increased, while the Qxf values (the quality factor multiplied by frequency) decreased, which indicate that the microwave dielectric property is related to phase transformation.
Unusual findings of acute myeloid leukemia with inv(3)(q21q26.2) or t(3;3)(q21;q26.2): A multicenter study
Authors: Gong Xubo , Yu Teng , Tang Qiusu , Fu Yanbiao , Wu Jie , Zhu Yongze , Tu Hongxiang , Ge Haifeng , Lu Xingguo , Gong Donghua , Zhao Xiaoying 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionAML with inv(3)(q21.3q26.2) or t(3;3)(q21.3;q26.2) [inv(3)/t(3;3)] was very rare. Currently, most reports of AML‐inv(3)/t(3;3) were from Western countries, and few reports were from Asian countries. Racial differences in patients with AML‐inv(3)/t(3;3) are still unknown.MethodsBetween January 1996 and April 2018, a total of 37 AML cases with inv(3)/t(3;3) were studied retrospectively. They were collected from 2229 primary AML cases performed with conventional cytogenetic analysis (37/2229, 1.66%).ResultsHere, some differences were found by comparing our data with those from Western countries. In our series, AML with inv(3)(q21q26) had a lower incidence than that with t(3;3)(q21;q26) (11 vs 26 cases). Our patients seemed to be more younger (median, 43 years) and have lower hemoglobin concentrations (median, 73 g/L) and higher platelet count (median, 351 × 109/L). A higher incidence of acute monoblastic and monocytic leukemia (45.9%) was observed in our patients. Immunophenotypic studies showed that CD38 (30.8%) was not so frequently expressed as that in the earlier reports. Mutations analysis showed a high frequency of NRAS mutations (45.0%), followed by SF3B1(15.0%), GATA2(15.0%), FLT3‐ITD(10.0%), C‐Kit/D816(5.0%), and CEBPA(5.0%), without mutation of NPM1(Exon12)or JAK2V617.ConclusionEthnic differences do exist between the Chinese and Western patients with AML‐inv(3)/t(3;3), and more attention should be paid involving different ethnic populations and geographic regions.
Establishment and molecular characterization of decitabine‐resistant K562 cells
Authors: Wen Xiang‐Mei , Zhang Ting‐Juan , Ma Ji‐Chun , Zhou Jing‐Dong , Xu Zi‐Jun , Zhu Xiao‐Wen , Yuan Qian , Ji Run‐Bi , Chen Qin , Deng Zhao‐Qun , Lin Jiang , Qian Jun 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe clinical activity of decitabine (5‐aza‐2‐deoxycytidine, DAC), a hypomethylating agent, has been demonstrated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients. However, secondary resistance to this agent often occurs during treatment and leads to treatment failure. It is important to clarify the mechanisms underlying the resistance for improving the efficacy. In this study, by gradually increasing concentration after a continuous induction of DAC, we established the DAC‐resistant K562 cell line (K562/DAC) from its parental cell line K562. The proliferation and survival rate of K562/DAC was significantly increased, whereas the apoptosis rate was remarkably decreased than that of K562 after DAC treatment. In K562/DAC, a total of 108 genes were upregulated and 118 genes were downregulated by RNA‐Seq. In addition, we also observed aberrant expression of DDX43/H19/miR‐186 axis (increased DDX43/H19 and decreased miR‐186) in K562/DAC cells. Ectopic expression of DDX43 in parental K562 cells rendered cells resistant to the DAC. Taken together, we successfully established DAC‐resistant K562 cell line which can serve as a good model for investigating DAC resistance mechanisms, and DDX43/H19/miR‐186 may be involved in DAC resistance in K562.
β‐arrestin 2 negatively regulates NOD2 signalling pathway through association with TRAF6 in microglia after cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Chen Lin , Kong Lingjun , Wei Xinbing , Wang Yimeng , Wang Bing , Zhang Xiumei , Sun Jinpeng , Liu Huiqing 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe previously reported that nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain‐containing protein (NOD) 2 was involved in the inflammatory responses to cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) insult. However, the mechanism by which NOD2 participates in brain ischaemic injury and the regulation of NOD2 in the process are still obscure. Increased β‐arrestin 2 (ARRB2) expression was observed in microglia following cerebral I/R in wild‐type mice besides the up‐regulation of NOD2 and TRAF6. Stimulation of NOD2 by muramyl dipeptide (MDP) in BV2 cells induced the activation of NF‐κB by the phosphorylation of p65 subunit and the degradation of IκBα. Meanwhile, the protein level of Cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), the protein expression and activity of MMP‐9 were significantly increased in BV2 cells after administration of MDP. Furthermore, overexpression of ARRB2 significantly suppressed the inflammation induced by MDP, silence of ARRB2 significantly enhanced the inflammation induced by MDP in BV2 cells. In addition, we observed endogenous interaction of TRAF6 and ARRB2 after stimulation of MDP or cerebral I/R insult, indicating ARRB2 negatively regulates NOD2‐triggered inflammatory signalling pathway by associating with TRAF6 in microglia after cerebral I/R injury. Finally, the in vivo study clearly confirmed that ARRB2 negatively regulated NOD2‐induced inflammatory response, as ARRB2 deficiency exacerbated stroke outcomes and aggravated the NF‐κB signalling pathway induced by NOD2 stimulation after cerebral I/R injury. These findings revealed ARRB2 negatively regulated NOD2 signalling pathway through the association with TRAF6 in cerebral I/R injury.
French guidelines on the use of systemic treatments for moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis in adults
Authors: Amatore F. , Villani A.‐P. , Tauber M. , Viguier M. , Guillot B. ,   the Psoriasis Research Group of the French Society of Dermatology (Groupe de Recherche sur le Psoriasis de la Société Française de Dermatologie)
Published: February 2019

AbstractThese guidelines were developed by the psoriasis research group of the French Society of Dermatology with the aim of providing updated decision‐making algorithms for the systemic treatment of adult patients with moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis. Our algorithms were generated after rigorous evaluation of existing guidelines on the treatment of psoriasis and of publications concerning new systemic treatments, not yet incorporated into existing guidelines. A total of nine existing guidelines and 53 publications related to new systemic treatments were found to meet our criteria for use in the generation of the algorithms. We have proposed two new algorithms to assess therapeutic responses, both of which incorporate emerging criteria for evaluating treatment goals. Updated therapeutic strategy algorithms, incorporating both established and new systemic therapies, were also generated for the treatment of plaque psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, together with recommendations for the treatment of particular forms of psoriasis and treatment of patients with comorbidities.
Six‐year follow‐up of vitiligo patients successfully treated with autologous non‐cultured melanocyte–keratinocyte transplantation
Authors: Altalhab S. , AlJasser M.I. , Mulekar S.V. , Al Issa A. , Mulekar S. , Diaz J. , Diallo A. , Ezzedine K. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundAlthough autologous non‐cultured melanocyte–keratinocyte transplantation is a treatment option for stable vitiligo, there is lack of long‐term maintenance data for this specific treatment.ObjectiveTo search for factors associated with long‐term maintenance of patients with stable vitiligo successfully treated with melanocyte–keratinocyte transplantation.MethodsThis was a single‐centre retrospective study including stable vitiligo patients who underwent successful melanocyte–keratinocyte transplantation in the National Center for Vitiligo, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between 1 January 2004 and 30 June 2015. Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate factors associated with relapse at 6 years of followup. Co‐variates included, gender, type of vitiligo, age at vitiligo onset, age at surgical procedure, disease duration, disease stability, affected body surface area, treated surface area, fingertip involvement, type of recipient area treatment and recurrence defined as the onset of new lesions on previously untreated areas. The risk of developing relapse defined as re‐appearance of more than 10% depigmentation in a previously treated and repigmented site was considered as the main outcome.ResultsIn total, 602 patients were included in the study of whom 410 (67%) were women. Mean age was 24.25 years [4.0–67.0]. Affected body surface area of less than 1% (adjusted HR = 0.37; P = 0.04) and mechanical dermabrasion (adjusted HR = 0.26; P = 0.03) were independently associated with lower rates of relapse. On the contrary, non‐segmental type of vitiligo (adjusted HR = 2.11; P = 0.03) and fingertip involvement (adjusted HR = 3.75; P = 0.01) were independently associated with higher rates of relapse.ConclusionsCriteria for selecting patients with stable vitiligo for surgery should include careful assessment of vitiligo type including body surface area of vitiligo and involvement of fingertip before undergoing surgical procedure.
Acceptability of Drosophila suzukii as prey for common predators occurring in cherries and berries
Authors: Englert Camilla , Herz Annette 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe invasive cherry vinegar fly, Drosophila suzukii, has been identified in Europe as a destructive fruit pest since its arrival in 2008. In the present laboratory study, three predatory insects (Orius majusculus, Chrysoperla carnea, and Forficula auricularia) naturally occurring on fruit crops in Europe were investigated for their ability to attack and feed on D. suzukii within and outside fruits. The predators were provided with various D. suzukii life stages (eggs, larvae, pupae or adults) exposed or within infested cherries. The anthocorid bug O. majusculus fed on eggs and larvae, but was not able to attack pupae. Larvae of the lacewing C. carnea preyed upon D. suzukii eggs, larvae and pupae and also captured adult flies. The European earwig F. auricularia was the most voracious predator of these three tested species. Although the earwigs were not able to catch adult flies, they readily preyed upon every other developmental stage. Adult O. majusculus or third instar larvae of C. carnea significantly reduced the offspring of D. suzukii from infested cherries, when these contained the egg stage of the pest. None of the predators were able to attack early larval stages inside the cherries. But pupae that protruded from the fruit epicarp or that had pupated outside the fruit were accessible to lacewing larvae and earwigs and significantly reduced by them. Orius bugs, lacewing larvae and earwigs were able, under laboratory conditions, to capture and prey upon various life stages of the invasive pest, if not completely concealed inside the fruit. Our findings suggest that these generalist predators may have some control capacity on infested fruit in cultivated fruit crops and also in non‐crop habitats.
An epistemological problem for integration in EBM
Authors: Lawson‐Frost Sasha 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEvidence‐based medicine (EBM) calls for medical practitioners to “integrate” our best available evidence into clinical practice. A significant amount of the literature on EBM takes this integration to be unproblematic, focusing on questions like how to interpret evidence and engage with patient values, rather than critically looking at how these features of EBM can be implemented together. Other authors have also commented on this gap in the literature, for example, identifying the lack of clarity about how patient preferences and evidence from trials is supposed to be integrated in practice. In this paper, I look at this issue from an epistemological perspective, (looking at how different types of knowledge in EBM can be used to make sounds judgements). In particular, I introduce an epistemological issue for this integration problem, which I call the epistemic integration problem. This is essentially the problem of how we can use information that is both general (eg, about a population sample) and descriptive (eg, about what expected outcomes are) to reach clinical judgements that are individualized (applying to a particular patient) and normative (about what is best for their health).
Establishment of tooth blood supply and innervation is developmentally regulated and takes place through differential patterning processes
Authors: Shadad Omnia , Chaulagain Rajib , Luukko Keijo , Kettunen Paivi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTeeth are richly supported by blood vessels and peripheral nerves. The aim of this study was to describe in detail the developmental time‐course and localization of blood vessels during early tooth formation and to compare that to innervation, as well as to address the putative role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is an essential regulator of vasculature development, in this process. The localization of blood vessels and neurites was compared using double immunofluorescence staining on sections at consecutive stages of the embryonic (E) and postnatal (PN) mandibular first molar tooth germ (E11‐PN7). Cellular mRNA expression domains of VEGF and its signaling receptor VEGFR2 were studied using sectional radioactive in situ hybridization. Expression of VEGF mRNA and the encoded protein were studied by RT‐PCR and western blot analysis, respectively, in the cap and early bell stage tooth germs, respectively. VEGFR2 was immunolocalized on tooth tissue sections. Smooth muscle cells were investigated by anti‐alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA) antibodies. VEGF showed developmentally regulated epithelial and mesenchymal mRNA expression domains including the enamel knot signaling centers that correlated with the growth and navigation of the blood vessels expressing Vegfr2 and VEGFR2 to the dental papilla and enamel organ. Developing blood vessels were present in the jaw mesenchyme including the presumptive dental mesenchyme before the appearance of the epithelial dental placode and dental neurites. Similarly, formation of a blood vessel plexus around the bud stage tooth germ and ingrowth of vessels into dental papilla at E14 preceded ingrowth of neurites. Subsequently, pioneer blood vessels in the dental papilla started to receive smooth muscle coverage at the early embryonic bell stage. Establishment and patterning of the blood vessels and nerves during tooth formation are developmentally regulated, stepwise processes that likely involve differential patterning mechanisms. Development of tooth vascular supply is proposed to be regulated by local, tooth‐specific regulation by epithelial–mesenchymal tissue interactions and involving tooth target expressed VEGF signaling. Further investigations on tooth vascular development by local VEGF signaling, as well as how tooth innervation and development of blood vessels are integrated with advancing tooth organ formation by local signaling mechanisms, are warranted.