bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine learning models identify multimodal measurements highly predictive of transdiagnostic symptom severity for mood, anhedonia, and anxiety
Authors: Mellem Monika S. , Liu Yuelu , Gonzalez Humberto , Kollada Matthew , Martin William J. , Ahammad Parvez 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackground:Insights from neuroimaging-based biomarker research have not yet translated into clinical practice. This translational gap could be because of a focus of psychiatric biomarker research on diagnostic classification, rather than on prediction of transdiagnostic psychiatric symptom severity. Currently, no transdiagnostic, multimodal predictive models of symptom severity that include neurobiological characteristics have been described.Methods:We built predictive models of three common symptoms in psychiatric disorders (dysregulated mood, anhedonia, and anxiety) from the Consortium for Neuropsychiatric Phenomics dataset (n=272) which contains clinical scale assessments, resting-state functional-MRI (rs-fMRI) and structural-MRI (sMRI) imaging measures from patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, and healthy control subjects. We used an efficient, data-driven feature selection approach to identify the most predictive features from these high-dimensional data.Results:This approach optimized modeling and explained 65-90% of variance across the three symptom domains, compared to 22% without using the feature selection approach. The top performing multimodal models retained a high level of interpretability which enabled several clinical and scientific insights. First, to our surprise, structural features did not substantially contribute to the predictive strength of these models. Second, the Temperament and Character Inventory scale emerged as a highly important predictor of symptom variation across diagnoses. Third, predictive rs-fMRI connectivity features were widely distributed across many intrinsic resting-state networks (RSN).Conclusions:Combining rs-fMRI with select questions from clinical scales enabled high levels of prediction of symptom severity across diagnostically distinct patient groups and revealed that connectivity measures beyond a few intrinsic RSNs may carry relevant information for symptom severity.
Public funding, perverse incentives, and counterproductive outcomes
Authors: Volden Gro Holst 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the adverse incentives at the front end of government-funded projects with concentrated benefits and no liabilities for the privileged groups. In particular, the author discusses the risk of perverse incentives of the types typically found in the development aid sector that results in counterproductive outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper uses a simple conceptual framework based on agency theory. A qualitative, case-based approach with purposive sampling was chosen for the empirical part of the study. Eight Norwegian projects were selected because incentive problems were to be expected, and one development aid project served as a reference case.

Findings
The paper finds that low strategic project success corresponded well with the terms of financing. There were clear indications of agency problems, in three cases to the extent that the incentives turned perverse. The paper concludes with a discussion of relevant measures to prevent the emergence of perverse incentives.

Originality/value
The paper contributes to an improved understanding of the incentives related to public project initiation and selection, which is an under-researched topic and generally not included in formal project governance schemes. The research should therefore be useful to scholars as well as practitioners within the field of project governance.
A link between knowledge sharing and managers’ characteristics
Authors: Matošková Jana , Macurová Lucie , Tomancová Lucie 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine whether and to what extent knowledge-oriented leadership (KOL) is associated with knowledge sharing (KS) in an organization as well as the dimensions of this leadership style.

Design/methodology/approach
Opinion-based questionnaires were applied in the study. A principal axis factor analysis was conducted to find the main factors in KOL (n=236). The relationship between KS and KOL was tested with Pearson’s correlation coefficient method.

Findings
The findings support the importance of high-quality leader–member exchange for KS because KOL had a strong significant positive association with the extent of KS in the organization (n=96, r=0.521). The principal axis factor suggested three factors, all of which were moderately significantly related to KS: the perceived support from the superior, enough time for KS and information flow from the superior.

Research limitations/implications
The research design in this study was cross-sectional. Thus, the interpretations of the cause–effect relationship among the variables could not be determined. Furthermore, the findings should be confirmed using a larger sample.

Practical implications
The study indicates that if innovativeness and the use of human capital are important for an organization’s competitive ability, it is vital to train managers to be able to apply KOL.

Originality/value
Few studies have addressed the relationship between leadership and KS. Hence, this study contributes to a better understanding of the relation between KS and KOL style. Additionally, KOL is probably a multidimensional construct, but little empirical work has been done to explore it.
Effect of ingenol mebutate on actinic keratosis in a Korean population: A prospective clinical, dermoscopic and histopathological study from a single center
Authors: Kim Jong Sic , Woo Yu Ri , Kim Miri , Park Hyun Jeong 
Published: September 2018

AbstractActinic keratosis (AK) is an in situ squamous cell carcinoma which is mostly found on sun‐damaged skin, and it is prevalent among Caucasians. However, there is a lack of research on evaluating the treatment efficacy of ingenol mebutate (IM) on AK in Asians. This study was intended to analyze the treatment outcomes of IM on AK in Korean patients with regards to clinical, dermoscopic and histopathological aspects. A prospective study on 46 Korean patients who were diagnosed with AK and treated with IM was conducted. Clinically, 80% (24/30) of the patients showed an improvement at 8 weeks. Twenty out of the 30 (66.7%) patients were found to have achieved histopathological clearance. All local skin responses had disappeared at T4 in all patients. Patients with Fitzpatrick skin type III were proven to exhibit better treatment outcomes, both clinically (P = 0.001) and histopathologically (P = 0.001), than those with Fitzpatrick skin type IV. The clinical and histopathological clearance rate of AK with IM in Korean patients was 80% and 66.7%, respectively. The patients with Fitzpatrick skin type IV showed a tendency to have residual AK, histopathologically after treatment with IM. In conclusion, IM could be an effective and safe treatment option on AK in Korean patients. In addition, it would be helpful to carry out a cautious check‐up when treating AK with IM in patients with a darker skin color.
The effect of human capital on occupational health and safety investment: An empirical analysis of Spanish firms
Authors: Nuñez Imanol , Prieto Maite 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis paper analyses how firms' human capital influences their investments in occupational health and safety (OHS). We argue that the incentive to protect workers by investing in OHS is a function of the stock of human capital. The empirical analysis was based on data from the official Working Conditions Spanish Survey on OHS management. Our sample was restricted to 1,472 firms from the manufacturing and construction industries. Our results show that firms that place more emphasis on training and have a multiskilled and innovative workforce invest more in OHS. However, having technological and design skills has no impact on the investment in OHS, presumably because these skills are widely available in the labour market. Finally, the analysis suggests that some abilities such as problem solving may be affected by informational asymmetries and therefore firms may suboptimally invest in protecting these capabilities.
5‐HT2 and 5‐HT2B antagonists attenuate pro‐fibrotic phenotype in human adult dermal fibroblasts by blocking TGF‐β1 induced non‐canonical signaling pathways including STAT3 : implications for fibrotic diseases like scleroderma
Authors: Chaturvedi Saurabh , Misra Durga Prasanna , Prasad Narayan , Rastogi Kailash , Singh Harshit , Rai Mohit Kumar , Agarwal Vikas 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundRelease of 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT; serotonin) from activated platelets following microvascular injury leads to tissue fibrosis. 5‐HT strongly induces extracellular matrix synthesis in dermal fibroblasts in a transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF‐β1)‐dependent manner.AimTo evaluate anti‐fibrotic properties of inhibitors of 5‐HT2 and 5‐HT2B (terguride, SB204741) respectively in human adult dermal fibroblasts (HADF) derived from a patient with scleroderma.MethodsAnti‐fibrotic efficacy of 5‐HT2 and 5‐HT2B inhibitors was evaluated as per two strategies: HADF were incubated with 5‐HT (1 μM)/TGF‐β1 (10 ng/mL) for 1 hour followed by 5‐HT (1 μM)/TGF‐β1 (10 ng/mL) and terguride or SB204741 (1 μM, each) for 24 hours (post‐treatment strategy) and HADF were treated with terguride or SB204741 (1 μM, each) for 1 hour followed by 5‐HT (1 μM)/TGF‐β1 (10 ng/mL) for 24 hours (pre‐treatment strategy). Real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction for expression of pro‐fibrotic (TGFΒ1, COL1A1, COL1A2, ACTA2, CTGF and FN1) and anti‐fibrotic genes (MMP2/TIMP1) was performed. Expression of type I collagen, alpha smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), phosphorylation of Smad3, ERK1/2 and STAT3 was examined by immunoblotting.ResultsStimulation of HADF cells with 5‐HT/TGF‐β1 led to the increased expression of pro‐fibrotic genes which was significantly reduced by both terguride and SB204741. Expression of anti‐fibrotic genes was not affected upon incubation with the inhibitors. In 5‐HT‐stimulated HADF, treatment with terguride and SB204741 decreased type I collagen and α‐SMA. In 5‐HT/TGF‐β1 stimulated HADF, terguride and SB204741 treatment reduced ERK1/2 and STAT3 phosphorylation but did not influence Smad3 phosphorylation.ConclusionTerguride and SB204741 reduce pro‐fibrotic potential of HADF cells and suppress TGF‐β1‐mediated non‐canonical pathways, ERK1/2 and STAT3 which have been implicated in the regulation of pro‐fibrotic genes and in the development of fibrosis. Taken together, our data suggest that 5‐HT inhibitors might reduce fibrosis via suppression of TGF‐beta1‐mediated non‐canonical signaling pathways. These observations have important therapeutic implications for fibrotic disorders like scleroderma.
GMSE: An r package for generalised management strategy evaluation
Authors: Duthie A. Bradley , Cusack Jeremy J. , Jones Isabel L. , Minderman Jeroen , Nilsen Erlend B. , Pozo Rocío A. , Rakotonarivo O. Sarobidy , Van Moorter Bram , Bunnefeld Nils 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Management strategy evaluation (MSE) is a powerful tool for simulating all key aspects of natural resource management under conditions of uncertainty.

We present the r package generalised management strategy evaluation (GMSE), which applies genetic algorithms to provide a generalised tool for simulating adaptive decision‐making management scenarios between stakeholders with competing objectives under complex social‐ecological interactions and uncertainty.

GMSE models can be agent‐based and spatially explicit, incorporating a high degree of realism through mechanistic modelling of links and feedbacks among stakeholders and with the ecosystem; additionally, user‐defined sub‐models can also be incorporated as functions into the broader GMSE framework.

We show how GMSE simulates a social‐ecological system using the example of an adaptively managed waterfowl population on an agricultural landscape; simulated waterfowl exploit agricultural land, causing conflict between conservation interests and the interest of food producers maximising their crop yield.

The r package GMSE is open source under GNU Public License; source code and documents are freely available on GitHub.
A Pediatric Emergency Department Intervention to Increase Contraception Initiation Among Adolescents
Authors: Hoehn Erin F. , Hoefgen Holly , Chernick Lauren S. , Dyas Jenna , Krantz Landon , Zhang Nanhua , Reed Jennifer L. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe pediatric emergency department (PED) provides care for adolescents at high risk of unintended pregnancy, but little is known regarding the efficacy of PED‐based pregnancy prevention interventions. The objectives of this PED‐based pilot intervention study were to 1) assess the rate of contraception initiation after contraceptive counseling and appointment facilitation in the PED during the study period, 2) identify barriers to successful contraception initiation, and 3) determine adolescent acceptability of the intervention.MethodsThis pilot intervention study included females 14 to 19 years of age at risk for unintended pregnancy. Participants received standardized contraceptive counseling and were offered an appointment with gynecology. Participants were followed via electronic medical record and phone to assess contraception initiation and barriers. Chi‐square tests were used to examine the association between contraception initiation and participant characteristics.ResultsA total of 144 patients were eligible, and 100 were enrolled. In the PED, 68% (68/100) expressed interest in initiating hormonal contraception, with 70% (48/68) of interested participants indicating that long‐acting reversible contraception (LARC) was their preferred method. Twenty‐five percent (25/100) of participants initiated contraception during the study period, with 19 participants starting LARC. Thirty‐nine percent (22/57) of participants who accepted a gynecology appointment attended that appointment. Barriers to follow‐up include transportation and inconvenient follow‐up times. Participants were accepting of the intervention with 93% agreeing that the PED is an appropriate place for contraceptive counseling.ConclusionsPED contraceptive counseling is acceptable among adolescents and led to successful contraception initiation in 25% of participants. The main barrier to contraception initiation was participant follow‐up with the gynecology appointment.
Price elasticity of illegal versus legal cannabis: a behavioral economic substitutability analysis
Authors: Amlung Michael , Reed Derek D. , Morris Vanessa , Aston Elizabeth R. , Metrik Jane , MacKillop James 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackground and AimsThe evolving legal status of cannabis world‐wide necessitates evidence‐based regulatory policies to minimize risks associated with cannabis misuse. A prominent concern is the impact legalization may have on the illegal cannabis market, including whether illegal cannabis will serve as a substitute for legal cannabis. Empirical data on this issue are virtually non‐existent. This study used behavioral economics to investigate substitutability of legal and illegal cannabis in legalized catchment areas in the United States.DesignA substitution‐based marijuana purchase task assessed estimated cannabis consumption from concurrently available legal (a dispensary) and illegal (a dealer) sources. Prices of the two options were reciprocally either held constant ($10/gram) or escalated ($0–$60/gram).SettingUS states with legalized recreational cannabis.ParticipantsAdult cannabis users who were at least 21 years old (n = 724; mean age = 34.13; 52% female; 74% Caucasian) were recruited using online crowdsourcing.MeasurementsMean consumption values were used in demand curve modeling to generate indices of price sensitivity and elasticity. Differences in demand indices were compared using extra sums‐of‐squares F‐tests.FindingsBoth legal and illegal fixed‐price cannabis options had significant positive cross‐price elasticities (Ps < 0.001), indicating that higher prices motivate substitution irrespective of legality. However, the presence of a legal alternative had a substantially greater effect on consumption and elasticity of illegal cannabis (∆elasticity = 0.0019; F(1,37) = 160, P < 0.0001) than the presence of an illegal alternative on demand for legal cannabis (∆elasticity = 0.0002; F(1,37) = 48, P < 0.0001), indicating asymmetric substitution. Demand for legal cannabis was significantly greater than for illegal cannabis (P < 0.0001).ConclusionsCannabis users treat legal cannabis as a superior commodity compared with illegal cannabis and exhibit asymmetric substitutability favoring legal product. Cannabis price policies that include somewhat higher consumer costs for legal cannabis relative to contraband (but not excessively higher costs) would not be expected to incentivize and expand the illegal market.
Alcohol consumption behaviors and neurocognitive dysfunction and emotional distress in adult survivors of childhood cancer: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study
Authors: Brinkman Tara M. , Lown E. Anne , Li Chenghong , Tonning Olsson Ingrid , Marchak Jordan Gilleland , Stuber Margaret L. , Vuotto Stefanie , Srivastava Deokumar , Nathan Paul C. , Leisenring Wendy M. , Armstrong Gregory T. , Robison Leslie L. , Krull Kevin R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimsTo estimate the level of alcohol consumption behaviors in adult survivors of childhood cancer and to test associations between alcohol consumption behaviors and symptoms of neurocognitive impairment and emotional distress.DesignRetrospective cohort study with longitudinal follow‐up of self‐reported health outcomes.SettingChildhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS), a 26‐center study of ≥ 5‐year survivors of childhood cancer diagnosed ≤ 21 years of age between 1970 and 1986 in the United States and Canada.ParticipantsA total of 4484 adult survivors of childhood cancer [mean (standard deviation) age at evaluation = 34.8 (6.1) years; time from diagnosis = 24.8 (4.4) years] and 1651 sibling controls who completed surveys reporting on alcohol use, neurocognitive impairment and emotional distress.MeasurementsSurvivor report of alcohol use included age at drinking initiation and quantity and frequency of alcohol consumption. Neurocognition was assessed using the CCSS Neurocognitive Questionnaire. Emotional distress symptoms were measured using the Brief Symptoms Inventory–18 and the Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale.FindingsAfter adjustment for childhood cancer treatment exposures, including cranial radiation therapy, drinking initiation prior to 18 years of age was associated with 30% increased risk of subsequent memory problems [risk ratio (RR) = 1.3; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.1–1.5]. Younger age at drinking initiation was associated with future risk of depression (RR = 1.3; 95% CI = 1.1–1.5), anxiety (RR = 1.6; 95% CI = 1.3–2.1), and somatization (RR = 1.2; 95% CI = 1.1–1.4). Persistent heavy/risky drinking was associated with 80% increased risk of persistent psychological distress (RR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.4–2.3).ConclusionsDrinking initiation during adolescence is associated with modest increased risk for memory impairment and emotional distress in adult survivors of childhood cancer.
A typology of prescription drug monitoring programs: a latent transition analysis of the evolution of programs from 1999 to 2016
Authors: Smith Nathan , Martins Silvia S. , Kim June , Rivera‐Aguirre Ariadne , Fink David S. , Castillo‐Carniglia Alvaro , Henry Stephen G. , Mooney Stephen J. , Marshall Brandon D. L. , Davis Corey , Cerdá Magdalena 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackground and aimsPrescription drug monitoring programs (PDMP), defined as state‐level databases used in the United States that collect prescribing information when controlled substances are dispensed, have varied substantially between states and over time. Little is known about the combinations of PDMP features that, collectively, may produce the greatest impact on prescribing and overdose. We aimed to (1) identify the types of PDMP models that have developed from 1999 to 2016, (2) estimate whether states have transitioned across PDMP models over time and (3) examine whether states have adopted different types of PDMP models in response to the burden of opioid overdose.MethodsA latent transition analysis of PDMP models based on an adaptation of nine PDMP characteristics classified by prescription opioid policy experts as potentially important determinants of prescribing practices and prescription opioid overdose events.ResultsWe divided the time‐period into three intervals (1999–2004, 2005–09, 2010–16), and found three distinct PDMP classes in each interval. The classes in the first and second interval can be characterized as ‘no/weak’, ‘proactive’ and ‘reactive’ types of PDMPs, and in the third interval as ‘weak’, ‘cooperative’ and ‘proactive’. The meaning of these classes changed over time: until 2009, states in the ‘no/weak’ class had no active PDMP, whereas states in the ‘proactive’ class were more likely to proactively provide unsolicited information to PDMP users, provide open access to law enforcement, and require more frequent data reporting than states in the ‘reactive’ class. In 2010–16, the ‘weak’ class resembled the ‘reactive’ class in previous intervals. States in the ‘cooperative’ class in 2010–16 were less likely than states in the ‘proactive’ class to provide unsolicited reports proactively or to provide open access to law enforcement; however, they were more likely than those in the ‘proactive’ class to share PDMP data with other states and to report more federal drug schedules.ConclusionsSince 1999, US states have tended to transition to more robust classes of prescription drug monitoring programs. Opioid overdose deaths in prior years predicted the state's prescription drug monitoring program class but did not predict transitions between prescription drug monitoring program classes over time.
Life‐history parameters and predation capacity of Macrolophus pygmaeus and Nesidiocoris tenuis (Hemiptera: Miridae) on eggs of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)
Authors: Ebrahimi Morteza , Mahdian Kamran , De Clercq Patrick 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The life‐history parameters and predation capacity of Macrolophus pygmaeus Rambur and Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Miridae) fed on eggs of Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) at 25 °C were investigated in the laboratory and analyzed based on the age‐stage, two‐sex life table. Also, we evaluated the survival and the duration of different stages of these two predators on cabbage plants without prey.
The developmental times of different stages of M. pygmaeus and N. tenuis fed on the eggs of P. xylostella were significantly different. The nymphs of N. tenuis only survived until the fourth instar without prey, and nymphs of M. pygmaeus succeeded in completing the third instar without prey.
The population and predation parameters of the two predators were statistically different. The total consumption rate of the two predators during the oviposition period was higher than the total consumption rate during the post oviposition period and the total preoviposition period.
The highest predation rates for female adults of N. tenuis and M. pygmaeus were on days 33 and 31, respectively.
The nymphs of N. tenuis only survived until the fourth instar without prey, and nymphs of M. pygmaeus succeeded in completing the third instar.