bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Technical Note: Deriving ventilation imaging from 4DCT by deep convolutional neural network
Authors: Zhong Yuncheng , Vinogradskiy Yevgeniy , Chen Liyuan , Myziuk Nick , Castillo Richard , Castillo Edward , Guerrero Thomas , Jiang Steve , Wang Jing 
Published: February 2019

PurposeVentilation images can be derived from four‐dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) by analyzing the change in HU values and deformable vector fields between different respiration phases of computed tomography (CT). As deformable image registration (DIR) is involved, accuracy of 4DCT‐derived ventilation image is sensitive to the choice of DIR algorithms. To overcome the uncertainty associated with DIR, we develop a method based on deep convolutional neural network (CNN) to derive ventilation images directly from the 4DCT without explicit image registration.MethodsA total of 82 sets of 4DCT and ventilation images from patients with lung cancer were used in this study. In the proposed CNN architecture, the CT two‐channel input data consist of CT at the end of exhale and the end of inhale phases. The first convolutional layer has 32 different kernels of size 5 × 5 × 5, followed by another eight convolutional layers each of which is equipped with an activation layer (ReLU). The loss function is the mean‐squared‐error (MSE) to measure the intensity difference between the predicted and reference ventilation images.ResultsThe predicted images were comparable to the label images of the test data. The similarity index, correlation coefficient, and Gamma index passing rate averaged over the tenfold cross validation were 0.880 ± 0.035, 0.874 ± 0.024, and 0.806 ± 0.014, respectively.ConclusionsThe results demonstrate that deep CNN can generate ventilation imaging from 4DCT without explicit deformable image registration, reducing the associated uncertainty.
Comparing opium tincture and methadone for medication‐assisted treatment of patients with opioid use disorder: Protocol for a multicenter parallel group noninferiority double‐blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Nikoo Mohammadali , Moazen‐Zadeh Ehsan , Nikoo Nooshin , Javidanbardan Sanam , Kazemi Alireza , Choi Fiona , Vogel Marc , Gholami Ali , Tavakoli Saeed , Givaki Reza , Jazani Majid , Mohammadian Fatemeh , Markazi Moghaddam Nader , Goudarzi Nasser , Schutz Christian , Jang Kerry , Akhondzadeh Shahin , Krausz Michael 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectivesThis is the first study to compare the safety and efficacy of opium tincture (OT) with methadone for treatment of opioid use disorder.MethodsIn this multicenter, double‐blind, noninferiority controlled trial, a stratified sample of 204 participants with opioid use disorder were recruited from community outreach, drop‐in centers, and triangular clinics. Participants were excluded in case of active participation in another treatment program for opioid use disorder, hypersensitivity to trial medications, pregnancy, and certain serious medical conditions. They were randomized to receive either OT or methadone with an allocation ratio of 1:1 using a patient‐centered flexible dosing strategy. Eligible participants were followed for a period of 12 weeks. Primary outcome is the difference in percentage of patients retained in the treatment. Secondary outcomes are craving, withdrawal symptoms, physical health, mental health, quality of life, and severity of substance use problems, cognitive function, safety profile, cost‐effectiveness, and participants' satisfaction. Both intention‐to‐treat and per‐protocol analyses will be conducted. The Ethics Board of the University of British Columbia and Tehran University of Medical Sciences approved the study. (clinicaltrials.gov; NCT02502175).ResultsTo be reported after final analysis.ConclusionsIf shown to be effective, OT will diversify the options for medication‐assisted treatment of opioid use disorder.
Reliability of, and Agreement Between, two Breath‐by‐Breath Indirect Calorimeters at Varying Levels of Inspiratory Oxygen
Authors: Poulsen Mathias Krogh , Thomsen Lars Pilegaard , Kjærgaard Søren , Rees Stephen Edward , Karbing Dan Stieper 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundIndirect calorimetry (IC) is considered the accurate way of measuring energy expenditure (EE). IC devices often apply the Haldane transformation, introducing errors at inspiratory oxygen fraction (FiO2) >60%. The aim was to assess measurement reliability and agreement between an unevaluated IC (device 2) (Beacon Caresystem, Mermaid Care A/S, Noerresundby, Denmark) not using Haldane transformation and an IC that does (device 1) (Ecovx, GE, Helsinki, Finland) at varying FiO2.MethodsTwenty healthy male subjects participated, with 16 completing the study (33 ± 9 years, 83.3 ± 16 kg, 1.83 ± 0.08 m). Subjects were mechanically ventilated in pressure support (3cmH2O; positive end‐expiratory pressure: 3cmH2O) at FiO2of 21%, 50%, 85%, and 21% for 15 minutes at each FiO2. Mean EE, oxygen consumption (VO2), and CO2production (VCO2) were compared within and between devices across FiO2levels.ResultsDevice 2 showed within‐device EE significant differences at 21% vs 50% FiO2and device 1 for VCO2at 50% vs. 85% FiO2. For all variables, both devices showed reliable measurements at 21% and 50% FiO2, but at 85%, FiO2bias and limits of agreement increased. Between devices, there were significant differences for EE at both 21% and 85% FiO2for VO2and for VCO2at 85% FiO2.ConclusionBoth systems measured EE, VO2, and VCO2at 21%–85% FiO2reliably but with bias at 85% FiO2. The devices were in agreement at 21% and 50% FiO2, but further studies need to confirm accuracy at high FiO2.
Toughening modification of PLLA with PCL in the presence of PCL‐b‐PLLA diblock copolymers as compatibilizer
Authors: Xiang Sheng , Feng Lidong , Bian Xinchao , Zhang Bao , Sun Bin , Liu Yanlong , Li Gao , Chen Xuesi 
Published: February 2019

To obtain an effective compatibilizer for the blends of poly(L‐lactide) (PLLA) and poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL), the diblock copolymers PCL‐b‐PLLA with different ratios of PCL/PLLA (CL/LA) and different molecular weights (Mn) were synthesized by ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of L‐lactide with monohydric poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL‐OH) as a macro‐initiator. These copolymers were melt blended with PLLA/PCL (80/20) blend at contents between 3.0 and 20 phr (parts per hundred resin), and the effects of added PCL‐b‐PLLA on the mechanical, morphological, rheological, and thermodynamic properties of the PLLA/PCL/PCL‐b‐PLLA blends were investigated. The compatibility between PLLA matrix and PCL phase was enhanced with decreasing in CL/LA ratios or increasing in Mn for the added PCL‐b‐PLLA. Moreover, the crystallinity of PLLA matrix increased because of the added compatibilizers. The PCL‐b‐PLLA with the ratio of CL/LA (50/50) and Mn ≥ 39.0 kg/mol were effective compatibilizers for PLLA/PCL blends. When the content of PCL‐b‐PLLA is greater than or equal to 5 phr, the elongations at break of the PLLA/PCL/PCL‐b‐PLLA blends all reached approximately 180%, about 25 times more than the pristine PLLA/PCL(80/20) blend.
Hydrophilic modification of polypropylene ultrafiltration membrane by air‐assisted polydopamine coating
Authors: Wardani Anita Kusuma , Ariono Danu , Subagjo  , Wenten I Gede 
Published: February 2019

Coating by a mussel inspired polydopamine (PDA) is a simple and promising strategy to modify the hydrophilicity of polymer membrane surfaces. In this work, PDA coating was used to modify polypropylene (PP) ultrafiltration hollow fiber membrane. PDA coating parameters, ie, solution concentration and coating time were varied, and the effect of those parameters on membrane morphology, porosity, water contact angle, and pure water flux was investigated. In addition, air‐assisted PDA coating process was also conducted by channelling the air through PP membrane to avoid pore blocking and prevent water flux decline. The results showed that PDA coating successfully improved the hydrophilicity of PP membrane indicated by the decrease of water contact angle from 110° to 67° after coated by 3 g/L of PDA solution for 3 hours. The addition of air permeation on membrane lumen also increased pure water flux up to 511.2 L/m2.h, a 270% increase from unmodified PP membrane. It might be associated to the pore blocking prevention that has been proven by SEM image and the membrane porosity that was increased about 4%.
RN181 is a tumour suppressor in gastric cancer by regulation of the ERK/MAPK–cyclin D1/CDK4 pathway
Authors: Wang Suihai , Wang Xiaobo , Gao Yanjun , Peng Yingxia , Dong Ningning , Xie Qian , Zhang Xian , Wu Yingsong , Li Ming , Li Ji‐Liang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRN181, a RING finger domain‐containing protein, is an E3 ubiquitin ligase. However, its biological function and clinical significance in cancer biology are obscure. Here, we report that RN181 expression is significantly down‐regulated in 165 tumour tissues of gastric carcinoma (GC) versus adjacent non‐tumour tissues, and inversely associated with tumour differentiation, tumour size, clinical stage, and patient's overall survival. Alterations of RN181 expression in GC cells by retrovirus‐transduced up‐regulation and down‐regulation demonstrated that RN181 functions as a tumour suppressor to inhibit growth of GC in both in vitro culture and in vivo animal models by decreasing tumour cell proliferation and increasing tumour cell apoptosis. Cell cycle analysis revealed that RN181 controls the cell cycle transition from G1 to S phase. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that RN181 inhibits ERK/MAPK signalling, thereby regulating the activity of cyclin D1–CDK4, and consequently controlling progression in the cell cycle from G1 to S phase. Restoring CDK4 in GC cells rescued the inhibitory phenotype produced by RN181 in vitro and in vivo, suggesting a dominant role of CDK4 in control of the tumour growth by RN181. Importantly, RN181 expression is inversely correlated with the expression of cyclin D1 and CDK4 in GC clinical samples, substantiating the role of the RN181–cyclin D1/CDK4 pathway in control of the tumour growth of GC. Our results provide new insights into the pathogenesis and development of GC and rationale for developing novel intervention strategies against GC by disruption of ERK/MAPK–cyclin D1/CDK4 signalling. In addition, RN181 may serve as a novel biomarker for predicting clinical outcome of GC. © 2019 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Causal inference for evaluating prescription opioid abuse using trend‐in‐trend design
Authors: Dasgupta Nabarun , Schwarz John , Hennessy Sean , Ertefaie Askhan , Dart Richard C. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPurposeOne response to the opioid crisis in the United States has been the development of opioid analgesics with properties intended to reduce non‐oral use. Previous evaluations of abuse in the community have relied on population averaged interrupted time series Poisson models with utilization offsets. However, competing interventions and secular trends complicate interpretation of time‐series analyses. An alternative research design, trend‐in‐trend, accounts for heterogeneity in per capita opioid dispensing and unmeasured time‐varying confounding, which provides a causal evaluation, provided that underlying assumptions are met.MethodsTrend‐in‐trend can be modeled using a logistic regression framework. In logistic regression, exposure was any product‐specific outpatient dispensing by three‐digit ZIP code and calendar quarter, for 22 opioids. The outcome was any product‐specific abuse case ascertained from poison centers and drug treatment programs, covering 94% of the US population, between July 2009 and December 2016. Product‐specific odds ratios compared places without dispensing with places with any dispensing; the causal contrast represents the odds of product‐specific abuse in the community given exposure.ResultsDispensing of new and low‐volume opioids varied considerably across the country, with no region showing high of all products. Of 22 opioids analyzed, the three with approved labeling as intended to deter abuse ranked near the lowest in both absolute (population‐adjusted rates: 1.7, 0.9, and 8.2 per million people per quarter, respectively) and relative measures (trend‐in‐trend ORs: 1.96, 1.79, 1.69, respectively).ConclusionsPostmarketing studies of prescription opioid abuse may benefit by evolving from unadjusted surveillance rates to a causal inference approach.
Size‐Dependence of the Melting Temperature of Individual Au Nanoparticles
Authors: Schlexer Philomena , Andersen Anton Bay , Sebok Bela , Chorkendorff Ib , Schiøtz Jakob , Hansen Thomas W. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractNanoparticles have an immense importance in various fields, such as medicine, catalysis, and various technological applications. Nanoparticles exhibit a significant depression in melting point as their size goes below ≈10 nm. However, nanoparticles are frequently used in high temperature applications such as catalysis where temperatures often exceed several 100 degrees which makes it interesting to study not only the melting temperature depression, but also how the melting progresses through the particle. Using high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, the melting process of gold nanoparticles in the size range of 2–20 nm Au nanoparticles combined with molecular dynamics studies is investigated. A linear dependence of the melting temperature on the inverse particle size is confirmed; electron microscopy imaging reveals that the particles start melting at the surface and the liquid shell formed then rapidly expands to the particle core.
Scalable remote homology detection and fold recognition in massive protein networks
Authors: Petegrosso Raphael , Li Zhuliu , Srour Molly A. , Saad Yousef , Zhang Wei , Kuang Rui 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe global connectivities in very large protein similarity networks contain traces of evolution among the proteins for detecting protein remote evolutionary relations or structural similarities. To investigate how well a protein network captures the evolutionary information, a key limitation is the intensive computation of pairwise sequence similarities needed to construct very large protein networks. In this article, we introduce label propagation on low‐rank kernel approximation (LP‐LOKA) for searching massively large protein networks. LP‐LOKA propagates initial protein similarities in a low‐rank graph by Nyström approximation without computing all pairwise similarities. With scalable parallel implementations based on distributed‐memory using message‐passing interface and Apache‐Hadoop/Spark on cloud, LP‐LOKA can search protein networks with one million proteins or more. In the experiments on Swiss‐Prot/ADDA/CASP data, LP‐LOKA significantly improved protein ranking over the widely used HMM‐HMM or profile‐sequence alignment methods utilizing large protein networks. It was observed that the larger the protein similarity network, the better the performance, especially on relatively small protein superfamilies and folds. The results suggest that computing massively large protein network is necessary to meet the growing need of annotating proteins from newly sequenced species and LP‐LOKA is both scalable and accurate for searching massively large protein networks.
Molecular hydrogen‐induced nucleation of hydrogenated silicon nanocrystals at low temperature
Authors: Filali Larbi , Brahmi Yamina , Sib Jamal Dine , Kail Fatiha , Bouizem Yahya , Benlakehal Djamel , Zellama Kacem , Bouhekka Ahmed , Kebab Aissa , Chahed Larbi 
Published: February 2019

Highly crystallized hydrogenated silicon layers were obtained via the treatment of hydrogenated polymorphous silicon films in a molecular hydrogen ambient. This contrasts other postdeposition studies that obtained nanocrystalline silicon films but necessitated either a plasma activation or high‐temperature annealing. The structure of the samples was analyzed by Raman spectroscopy to determine the crystallite volume fraction, which was found to increase up to 80% within 1 hour of treatment. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed that the roughness of the surfaces was found to increase after the H2 treatment. Optical transmission and spectroscopic ellipsometry revealed the pronounced porosity of the films characterized by a static refractive index that is below three, which is a low value for hydrogenated silicon films and a void fraction that is around 15% in the bulk of the films. The effect of the hydrogen molecules on the structure of the films was discussed in terms of the compressive stress exerted by the molecules, trapped in structural inhomogeneities, on the amorphous tissue. It is suggested that for this process to take effect, the films need to be porous and that the amorphous network needs to be in a “relaxed” state.
Multilevel Microstructured Flexible Pressure Sensors with Ultrahigh Sensitivity and Ultrawide Pressure Range for Versatile Electronic Skins
Authors: Tang Xing , Wu Congyi , Gan Lin , Zhang Tian , Zhou Tingting , Huang Jin , Wang Hao , Xie Changsheng , Zeng Dawen 
Published: February 2019

AbstractFlexible pressure sensors as electronic skins have attracted wide attention to their potential applications for healthcare and intelligent robotics. However, the tradeoff between their sensitivity and pressure range restricts their practical applications in various healthcare fields. Herein, a cost‐effective flexible pressure sensor with an ultrahigh sensitivity over an ultrawide pressure‐range is developed by combining a sandpaper‐molded multilevel microstructured polydimethylsiloxane and a reduced oxide graphene film. The unique multilevel microstructure via a two‐step sandpaper‐molding method leads to an ultrahigh sensitivity (2.5–1051 kPa−1) and can detect subtle and large pressure over an ultrawide range (0.01–400 kPa), which covers the overall pressure regime in daily life. Sharp increases in the contact area and additional contact sites caused by the multilevel microstructures jointly contribute to such unprecedented performance, which is confirmed by in situ observation of the gap variations and the contact states of the sensor under different pressures. Examples of the flexible pressure sensors are shown in potential applications involving the detection of various human physiological signals, such as breathing rate, vocal‐cord vibration, heart rate, wrist pulse, and foot plantar pressure. Another object manipulation application is also demonstrated, where the material shows its great potential as electronic skin intelligent robotics and prosthetic limbs.
Graphene‐Encapsulated FeS2 in Carbon Fibers as High Reversible Anodes for Na+/K+ Batteries in a Wide Temperature Range
Authors: Chen Changmiao , Yang Yincai , Tang Xuan , Qiu Renhua , Wang Shuangyin , Cao Guozhong , Zhang Ming 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDeveloping low cost, long life, and high capacity rechargeable batteries is a critical factor towards developing next‐generation energy storage devices for practical applications. Therefore, a simple method to prepare graphene‐coated FeS2 embedded in carbon nanofibers is employed; the double protection from graphene coating and carbon fibers ensures high reversibility of FeS2 during sodiation/desodiation and improved conductivity, resulting in high rate capacity and long‐term life for Na+ (305.5 mAh g−1 at 3 A g−1 after 2450 cycles) and K+ (120 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 after 680 cycles) storage at room temperature. Benefitting from the enhanced conductivity and protection on graphene‐encapsulated FeS2 nanoparticles, the composites exhibit excellent electrochemical performance under low temperature (0 and −20 °C), and temperature tolerance with stable capacity as sodium‐ion half‐cells. The Na‐ion full‐cells based on the above composites and Na3V2(PO4)3 can afford reversible capacity of 95 mAh g−1 at room temperature. Furthermore, the full‐cells deliver promising discharge capacity (50 mAh g−1 at 0 °C, 43 mAh g−1 at −20 °C) and high energy density at low temperatures. Density functional theory calculations imply that graphene coating can effectively decrease the Na+ diffusion barrier between FeS2 and graphene heterointerface and promote the reversibility of Na+ storage in FeS2, resulting in advanced Na+ storage properties.
Prospects for a measurement of the W boson mass in the all-jets final state at hadron colliders
Authors: Freytsis Marat , Harris Philip , Hinzmann Andreas , Moult Ian , Tran Nhan , Vernieri Caterina 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPrecise measurements of the mass of theWboson are important to test the overall consistency of the Standard Model of particle physics. The current best measurements of theWboson mass come from single production measurements at hadron colliders in its decay mode to a lepton (electron or muon) and a neutrino and pair production ofWbosons at lepton colliders, where both the leptonic and hadronic decay modes of theWboson have been considered. In this study, prospects for a measurement of theWboson mass in the all-jet final state at hadron colliders are presented. The feasibility of this measurement takes advantage of numerous recent developments in the field of jet substructure. Compared to other methods for measuring theWmass, a measurement in the all-jets final state would be complementary in methodology and have systematic uncertainties orthogonal to previous measurements. We have estimated the main experimental and theoretical uncertainties affecting a measurement in the all-jet final state. With new trigger strategies, a statistical uncertainty for the measurement of the mass difference between theZandWbosons of 30 MeV could be reached with HL-LHC data corresponding to 3000 fb−1of integrated luminosity. However, in order to reach that precision, the current understanding of non-perturbative contributions to the invariant mass ofW→$$ q\overline{q}^{\prime } $$qq¯′andZ→$$ b\overline{b} $$bb¯jets will need to be refined. Similar strategies will also allow the reach for generic boosted resonances searches in hadronic channels to be extended.
Pathology Evaluation of Reduction Mammaplasty Specimens and Subsequent Diagnosis of Malignant Breast Disease: A Claims‐Based Analysis
Authors: Sears Erika D. , Lu Yu‐Ting , Chung Ting‐Ting , Momoh Adeyiza O. , Chung Kevin C. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to measure the use of pathology evaluation of breast specimens among patients undergoing reduction mammaplasty and assess rates of new diagnoses of breast disease and associated cost.MethodsWe analyzed the Truven MarketScan Databases from 2009 to 2015 to identify adult female patients undergoing reduction mammaplasty for macromastia. We recorded patient age, rates of obtaining pathology evaluation, new diagnoses of benign or malignant breast disease after pathology evaluation, and total cost for the surgery encounter.ResultsAmong 17,738 macromastia patients undergoing reduction mammaplasty, 91.3% (n = 16,193) received pathology evaluation. Pathology evaluation rates were clinically similar across age groups <70 years (90.8–92.1%) and slightly lower for patients ≥70 (85.0%). Among 6987 patients less than 40 years who received pathology evaluation, 0.06% (n = 4) were subsequently diagnosed with malignant breast disease within 3 months, compared to 0.23% in the entire cohort (n = 37/16,193). Pathology claims resulted in an added $307 (SD 251) on average for the breast reduction surgery encounters.ConclusionsBreast tissue after reduction mammaplasty is routinely submitted for pathology evaluation, without consideration of age‐based risk for breast cancer. Routine pathology evaluation of breast tissue in patients in lower risk age groups (less than 40 years) required an additional $536,000 on average to detect a single occult breast cancer compared to an added $85,600 to detect a new malignancy in patients 40 years and older. Clinicians and policy makers should consider whether routine pathology evaluation of breast tissue should be individualized based on risk factors for breast cancer.