bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An overview of advances in global maternal health: From broad to specific improvements
Authors: Khorrami Najma , Stone Juliana , Small Maria J. , Stringer Elizabeth M. , Ahmadzia Homa K. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAfter the declaration of the Millennium Development Goals in 2000 by the United Nations, many stakeholders allocated financial resources to “global maternal health.” Research to expand care and improve delivery of maternal health services has exponentially increased. The present article highlights an overview, namely 10 of the health system, clinical, and technology‐based advancements that have occurred in the past three decades in the field of global maternal health. The list of topics has been selected through the cumulative clinical and public health expertise of the authors and is certainly not exhaustive. Rather, the list is intended to provide a mapping of key topics arranged from broad to specific that span from the global policy level to the level of individual care. The list of health system, clinical, and technology‐based advancements include: (10) Millennium Development Goals and Sustainable Development Goals; (9) Development of clinical training programs, including the potential for subspecialty development; (8) Prenatal care expansion and potential; (7) Decentralized health systems, including the use of skilled birth attendants; (6) Antiretroviral therapy for HIV; (5) Essential medicines; (4) Vaccines; (3) mHealth/eHealth; (2) Ultrasonography; and (1) Obstetric hemorrhage management. With the Sustainable Development Goals now underway, the field must build upon past successes to sustain maternal and neonatal well‐being in the future global health agenda.
Research on rehabilitation training bed with action prediction based on NARX neural network
Authors: Liu Zhong , Wang Xin'an , Su Mingliang , Le Leon 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRehabilitation training can effectively help the elderly recover their self‐care state and enhance physical fitness. As surface electromyography analysis is effective to recognize motion intention, researchers use it to develop prosthetic limb operations. In this article, the rehabilitation training bed is designed by combining the rehabilitation training with the motion prediction based on the surface myoelectric signal, which can recognize the tilt of the upper body in different directions and provide corresponding assistance to the elderly. After collecting EMG signal, the effective signal was dimensional reduction, mapped by linear discriminant analysis. To train and recognize the EMG‐motion mapping relationship, we used a recurrent neural network called nonlinear autoregressive with exogenous input model and used a 360° tilt prediction experiment on the upper body. Results showed that the root mean squared error and the error autocorrelation coefficient were relatively low, and the tilt degree of the experimenter was highly matched.
Precision pharmacotherapy: Integrating pharmacogenomics into clinical pharmacy practice
Authors: Hicks J. Kevin , Aquilante Christina L. , Dunnenberger Henry M. , Gammal Roseann S. , Funk Ryan S. , Aitken Samuel L. , Bright David R. , Coons James C. , Dotson Kierra M. , Elder Christopher T. , Groff Lindsey T. , Lee James C. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPrecision pharmacotherapy encompasses the use of therapeutic drug monitoring, evaluation of liver and renal function, genomics, and environmental and lifestyle exposures; and analysis of other unique patient or disease characteristics to guide drug selection and dosing. This paper articulates real‐world clinical applications of precision pharmacotherapy, focusing exclusively on the emerging field of clinical pharmacogenomics. Precision pharmacotherapy is evolving rapidly, and clinical pharmacists now play an invaluable role in the clinical implementation, education, and research applications of pharmacogenomics. This paper provides an overview of the evolution of pharmacogenomics in clinical pharmacy practice, together with recommendations on how the American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) can support the advancement of clinical pharmacogenomics implementation, education, and research. Commonalities among successful clinical pharmacogenomic implementation and education programs are identified, with recommendations for how ACCP can leverage and advance these common themes. Opportunities are also provided to support the research needed to move the practice and application of pharmacogenomics forward.
Optical coherence tomography to detect acute esophageal radiation‐induced damage in mice: A validation study
Authors: Jelvehgaran Pouya , de Bruin Daniel M. , Khmelinskii Artem , Borst Gerben , Steinberg Jeffrey D. , Song Ji‐Ying , de Vos Judith , van Leeuwen Ton G. , Alderliesten Tanja , de Boer Johannes F. , van Herk Marcel 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRadiation therapy for patients with non‐small‐cell lung cancer is hampered by acute radiation‐induced toxicity in the esophagus. This study aims to validate that optical coherence tomography (OCT), a minimally invasive imaging technique with high resolution (~10 μm), is able to visualize and monitor acute radiation‐induced esophageal damage (ARIED) in mice. We compare our findings with histopathology as the gold standard. Irradiated mice receive a single dose of 40 Gy at proximal and distal spots of the esophagus of 10.0 mm in diameter. We scan mice using OCT at two, three, and seven days post‐irradiation. In OCT analysis, we define ARIED as a presence of distorted esophageal layering, change in backscattering signal properties, or change in the esophageal wall thickness. The average esophageal wall thickness is 0.53 mm larger on OCT when ARIED is present based on histopathology. The overall sensitivity and specificity of OCT to detect ARIED compared to histopathology are 94% and 47%, respectively. However, the overall sensitivity of OCT to assess ARIED is 100% seven days post‐irradiation. We validate the capability of OCT to detect ARIED induced by high doses in mice. Nevertheless, clinical studies are required to assess the potential role of OCT to visualize ARIED in humans.
Synthesis of a MnO2/multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposite and its application as a sorbent for removing Cu2+ ions from aqueous media
Authors: Mohammadkhani Shima , Aghaie Mehran 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this research, a manganese dioxide/multiwalled carbon nanotube (MnO2/MWCNT) was firstly synthesized and characterized and then was applied as an effective sorbent for removing Cu2+ ions from aqueous solution. The effects of initial concentration, temperature, contact time, pH solution, and sorbent dosage were investigated and the optimum value of each was determined. The Langmuir isotherm model, Freundlich model, and Temkin model were used to fit our experimental results. Ultimately, using the Van't Hoff approach, the thermodynamic functions of the intended adsorption phenomenon such as ΔH°ad, ΔS°ad, and ΔG°ad were estimated.
Resting energy expenditure in argininosuccinic aciduria and in other urea cycle disorders
Authors: Brambilla Alessandra , Bianchi Maria L. , Cancello Raffaella , Galimberti Cinzia , Gasperini Serena , Pretese Roberta , Rigoldi Miriam , Tursi Serena , Parini Rossella 
Published: May 2019

AbstractNo data are available on the specific energy needs of patients affected with Urea Cycle disorders (UCD) and especially argininosuccinic aciduria (ASA). In our experience, ASA patients tend to develop central adiposity and hypertriglyceridemia when treated with apparently adequate energy intake, while the other UCD do not. The aim of this study was to evaluate anthropometric parameters, body composition, risk of metabolic syndrome (MS) and resting energy expenditure (REE), both by indirect calorimetry (IC) and predictive equations, in UCD patients. Hypertension (5/13), pathological waist circumference‐to‐height ratio (WtHr) (6/13), hypertriglyceridemia (12/13), reduced HDL cholesterol (12/13), and MS (5/13) were found in ASA group. In the ASA cohort, the mean and median IC‐REE were 88% of what was predicted by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and Harris‐Benedict equations. The “other UCD” cohort did not show hypertension, dyslipidaemia nor MS; IC‐REE was similar to the REE predicted by equations. A significant difference was seen for the presence of hypertension, dyslipidaemia, pathological WtHr, MS and IC‐REE/predictive equations‐REE in the two cohorts. ASA patients have a risk of overfeeding if their energy requirement is not assessed individually with IC. Excessive energy intake might increase the cardiovascular risk of ASA patients. We suggest to test ASA individuals with IC every year if the patient is sufficiently collaborative. We speculate that most of the features seen in ASA patients might depend on an imbalance of Krebs cycle. Further studies are needed to verify this hypothesis.
Mitochondrial DNA mutation analysis from exome sequencing—A more holistic approach in diagnostics of suspected mitochondrial disease
Authors: Wagner Matias , Berutti Riccardo , Lorenz‐Depiereux Bettina , Graf Elisabeth , Eckstein Gertrud , Mayr Johannes A. , Meitinger Thomas , Ahting Uwe , Prokisch Holger , Strom Tim M. , Wortmann Saskia B. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDiagnostics for suspected mitochondrial disease (MD) can be challenging and necessitate invasive procedures like muscle biopsy. This is due to the extremely broad genetic and phenotypic spectrum, disease genes on both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and the tissue specificity of mtDNA variants. Exome sequencing (ES) has revolutionized the diagnostics for MD. However, the nuclear and mtDNA are investigated with separate tests, increasing costs and duration of diagnostics. The full potential of ES is often not exploited as the additional analysis of “off‐target reads” deriving from the mtDNA can be used to analyze both genomes. We performed mtDNA analysis by ES of 2111 cases in a clinical setting. We further assessed the recall rate and precision as well as the estimation of heteroplasmy by ES data by comparison with targeted mtDNA next generation sequencing in 49 cases. ES identified known pathogenic mtDNA point mutations in 38 individuals, increasing the diagnostic yield by nearly 2%. Analysis of mtDNA variants by ES had a high recall rate (96.2 ± 5.6%) and an excellent precision (99.5 ± 2.2%) when compared to the gold standard of targeted mtDNA next generation sequencing. ES estimated heteroplasmy levels with an average difference of 6.6 ± 3.8%, sufficient for clinical decision making. Taken together, the mtDNA analysis from ES is of sufficient quality for clinical diagnostics. We therefore propose ES, investigating both nuclear and mtDNA, as first line test in individuals with suspected MD. One should be aware, that a negative result does not exclude MD and necessitates further test (in additional tissues).
US temperatures: Time trends and persistence
Authors: Gil‐Alana Luis A. , Sauci Laura 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis paper investigates the time trend coefficients in the temperatures in 48 US states using monthly data from January 1895 to December 2017, as well as in their anomalies with respect to the base period 1901–2000. For this purpose, we use techniques based on fractional integration, which is a more general approach than the standard methods used in the literature based on integer differentiation. The results indicate that with the exception of 10 states, in the remaining 38, the temperature anomalies have increased across time, with the increase being higher than the one expected under the other more standard approaches. The highest increases correspond to New Jersey and Rhode Island, with an increase of approximately 2.9°C over the last 100 years.
Impacts of mesoscale sea surface temperature anomalies on the meridional shift of North Pacific storm track
Authors: Zhang Chao , Liu Hailong , Li Chongyin , Lin Pengfei 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this study, an index for the variability of mesoscale sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies over the Kuroshio and Oyashio confluence region (KOCR) is proposed based on the high‐resolution SST data set. The positive phase of the new index indicates that the mesoscale SST anomalies are strong and feature double peaks of variance within the KOCR, and the negative phase of the index denotes weak mesoscale SST anomalies and a broader single peak of variance. Composite analysis is conducted on the relation between the variability of mesoscale SST and the North Pacific storm track. The mechanism behind the relation is then investigated. We find that the storm track is shifted southwards (northwards) during the positive (negative) phase of the index. The variability of mesoscale SST impacts first the turbulent heat fluxes out of the ocean, changing the near‐surface baroclinicity with the large‐scale zonal wind. The baroclinic energy conversion resembles the baroclinicity anomaly, modulating the anomaly of the storm track along the southern side of its climatological peak.
Posterior Bearing Overhang Following Medial and Lateral Mobile Bearing Unicompartmental Knee Replacements
Authors: Martin Benjamin Richard , Pegg Elise C. , van Duren Bernard H. , Mohammad Hasan R. , Pandit Hemant G. , Mellon Stephen J. , Murray David W. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTThis study explores the extent of bearing overhang following mobile bearing Oxford unicompartmental knee replacement (OUKR) (Oxford Phase 3, Zimmer Biomet). The Oxford components are designed to be fully congruent, however knee movements involve femoral rollback, which may result in bearing overhang at the posterior margin of the tibial implant, with potential implications for; pain, wear, and dislocation. Movement is known to be greater, and therefore posterior overhang more likely to occur, with; lateral compared to medial implants, anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficiency (ACLD) compared to ACL intact (ALCI), and at extremes of movement. Twenty‐four medial, and 20 domed lateral, OUKRs underwent sagittal plane knee fluoroscopy during step‐up and forward lunge exercises. The bearing position was inferred from the relative position of the femoral and tibial components. On the basis of the individual component sizes and geometry the extent the posterior part of the bearing which overhung the posterior part of the tibial component was calculated. There was no significant posterior overhang in knees with medial implants. Knees with lateral domed implants exhibited overhang at flexion angles beyond 60°, the magnitude of which increased with increasing flexion angle, reaching a maximum of 50% of the bearing length at 140° (range 0–140°). This demonstrates a clear difference between the kinematics, and prevalence and extent of posterior bearing overhang between medial and lateral OUKRs. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1938–1945, 2019
Northern Bobwhite Chick Survival and Effects of Weather
Authors: Terhune Theron M. , Palmer William E. , Wellendorf Shane D. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTReliable vital rates for all life stages are necessary to identify limiting factors in wildlife populations and inform sound wildlife management. The difficulty associated with capturing and tagging precocial young, such as northern bobwhite chicks (Colinus virginianus), and linking variation in recruitment to ecological conditions has contributed to significant knowledge gaps in their population ecology. During 1999–2017, we captured and patagial‐tagged ≤12‐day‐old bobwhite chicks (n = 3,576) and estimated their survival from time of capture (Jun–Sep) to fall and winter (Nov and Jan) recapture and winter (Feb) recovery. We used Burnham's model implemented in Program MARK to integrate mark‐recapture and dead‐recovery (via harvest) data to estimate survival for the 19‐year study. By including weather covariates, we also evaluated explicit hypotheses related to temperature and precipitation effects on chick survival. We found inter‐annual, intra‐annual, and intra‐seasonal variation in chick survival with an average annual daily survival estimate of 0.9887 (95% CI = 0.9321, 0.9918). Precipitation amount and number of precipitation (>0.635 cm) events during the first 4 weeks post‐tagging decreased the daily survival rate of chicks curvilinearly. Average minimum daily temperature and maximum daily temperature effects on survival were negligible, but an interaction between minimum temperature and cumulative precipitation during the first 14 days post‐tagging affected survival. We recommend population modelers incorporate intra‐ and inter‐annual variation in chick survival to improve predictions. Observed variation in chick survival rates portends a significant opportunity to improve population management for bobwhites and other game birds. © 2019 The Wildlife Society
Maternal Behavior Indicates Survival and Cause‐Specific Mortality of Moose Calves
Authors: Obermoller Tyler R. , Delgiudice Glenn D. , Severud William J. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTContinuing research on cause‐specific mortality and annual survival of moose (Alces alces) calves in northeastern Minnesota, USA, is important to understanding the long‐term trajectory of the population. In 2013 and 2014, we observed global positioning system (GPS)‐collared, female moose exhibit a specific behavior (i.e., mortality movement) associated with the death of their GPS‐collared neonate. The females made a rapid, long‐distance movement (flee), followed by a return to the calf mortality site. We used characteristics of this movement in 2013–2014 (n = 46) to develop models for assessing calf survival, and then evaluated these models using female movement rates (n = 49) in 2015−2016. Using this behavior as an indicator of calf mortality in 2016, we conducted field investigations, leading to evidence of 15 mortalities at a mean age of 30.6 ± 15.5 (SE) days (range = 3–243 days). We launched 21 investigations in response to a mortality movement and they resulted in confirmation of 11 of the 15 calf mortalities. Specific causes of mortality included 9 wolf (Canis lupus)‐kills, 3 black bear (Ursus americanus)‐kills, 1 unknown predator‐kill, and 2 deaths following vehicle collisions. The mean distance females fled after a mortality was 1,873 ± 412 m (range = 126–5,805 m, n = 14). Females that made return visits returned a mean 2.8 ± 0.5 times (range = 1–5, n = 8) to within a mean 106 ± 22 m (range = 34–230 m, n = 8) of the mortality site. Calf survival to 30 days of age was 67 ± 8% (95% CI = 53–84%, n = 36) but declined to 53 ± 8% (95% CI = 39–72%, n = 36) by 3 months of age. We developed 2 population‐level movement models to improve the efficacy of using the mortality movement to identify and locate calf mortalities in real time via field investigations. The first approach, a temporal‐based model, used a 3‐day average movement velocity threshold (118 m/hr) for all females to indicate calf mortality and accurately predicted survival status in 51% (n = 105) of the cases. The second approach, an age‐specific model using different thresholds (28–135 m/hr) for females relative to calf age, was 80% (n = 231) accurate. Using movement behavior of females to assess calf mortality yielded important insights into mechanisms influencing the population decline that will inform future management decisions. © 2019 The Wildlife Society
Misuse of Habitat Terminology by Wildlife Educators, Scientists, and Organizations
Authors: Darracq Andrea K. , Tandy Jordan 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTWe analyzed the use of habitat terminology in articles from the Journal of Wildlife Management (JWM) each year (1998–2017) in course descriptions from 1 wildlife biology degree program in each state within the United States, and by wildlife‐related non‐profit organizations and state and federal agencies. Sixty‐five percent of JWM articles fluctuated in their correct use and 31% incorrectly used the term habitat and there was no significant decrease in the misuse of the term since 1998. Habitat type was used in 46% of the papers analyzed and was always used incorrectly. Misuse of the term habitat type in JWM articles decreased since 1998, from 70% of articles using the term from 1998 to 2002, 50% from 2013 to 2016, and no papers using the term in 2017. From the course descriptions using the term habitat, 75% fluctuated in their correct use and 13% incorrectly used habitat terminology. When considering only the management course descriptions and the term wildlife habitat as correct, 28% of programs fluctuated in their correct use and 31% incorrectly used habitat terminology. All wildlife‐related organizations fluctuated in their correct use of the term habitat. Our results demonstrate that the misuse of habitat terminology is still being missed during the JWM editorial process, at least until very recently. In combination with the continued misuse of habitat terminology in the primary literature, our results suggest an underlying reason for the continued incorrect use of habitat terminology is the misuse of the terms by educators within wildlife degree programs and by wildlife‐related organizations. By dealing with misuse of habitat terminology at the undergraduate level concurrent with misuse in the primary literature and by wildlife‐related organizations, we should begin to see a shift in the correct use of habitat terminology in current and future generations of natural resource professionals. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
Land use and dispersal influence mortality in white‐tailed deer
Authors: Haus Jacob M. , Webb Stephen L. , Strickland Bronson K. , Rogerson Joseph E. , Bowman Jacob L. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTRestoring male age structure in white‐tailed deer populations has become an important objective for many state agencies aimed at improving herd dynamics. Limiting mortality in the yearling (1–2 yr old) age class is a primary consideration, and regional differences in climate, habitat characteristics, hunting regulations, and hunter behavior complicate the understanding of how specific factors influence the risk of mortality. We used Cox proportional hazard modeling to determine the effects of body size, mean distance to road, dispersal behaviors, use of forested land, and use of land open to public hunting on the risk of mortality for a population of radio‐collared, yearling males (n= 76) in Sussex County, Delaware, USA. Annual survival averaged 0.55 (95% CI = 0.45–0.68), with harvest accounting for 79% (26/33) of all mortalities. Measurements of body size (chest girth, shoulder height, and total length; cm) influenced dispersal probability but not dispersal distance. The best approximating model for mortality risk included a covariate for landownership, whereby mortality risk increased on public land. Among males who dispersed, longer‐distance dispersal was associated with reduced mortality, which contradicts previous research describing dispersal as a high‐risk behavior. The effect of landownership on mortality risk has not been previously identified, especially when regulations regarding harvest of yearling males are similar between landownership types. We observed annual survival rates of 0.69 (95% CI = 0.57–0.82) for deer apparently using private land exclusively during the hunting season, and 0.20 (95% CI = 0.11–0.48) for deer that used public land during the hunting season. Survival rates on private land were comparable to those of other regions actively managing male age structure. These results suggest survival of yearling males in the region is influenced by hunter harvest and the risks associated with dispersal may be minimal in areas where harvest pressure is low, although hunter harvest on public land may limit male age structure on a localized scale. © The Wildlife Society, 2019