bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“I think you did it!”: Examining the effect of presuming guilt on the verbal output of innocent suspects during brief interviews
Authors: Portnoy Shiri , Hope Lorraine , Vrij Aldert , Granhag Pär‐Anders , Ask Karl , Eddy Carly , Landström Sara 
Published: August 2019

AbstractInnocent suspects interviewed by a guilt‐presumptive versus innocence‐presumptive or neutral interviewer may tend more to display non‐verbal behaviours which neutral judges consider indicative of guilt. We examined the effects of interviewer's presumption of guilt on innocent mock suspects' alibis. Participants (N = 90) provided an alibi to convince an interviewer of their innocence of a theft after she implied that she believed that they were guilty or innocent or that she had no belief about their veracity. On the basis of existing conflicting findings for suspects' verbal behaviour during accusatory interviews, we predicted that alibis in the guilt‐belief condition would contain the highest or lowest number of correct details with overall higher or poorer accuracy rates, respectively. Although participants perceived the interviewer's presumptive approach, the number of correct details provided and accuracy rates of alibis did not differ significantly between conditions. We propose explanations to these findings and future research paths.
Innervation patterns of mystacial vibrissae support active touch behaviors in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus)
Authors: Sprowls Caitlin D. , Marshall Christopher D. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractVibrissae or follicle‐sinus complexes (F‐SCs) are highly developed mammalian sensory structures. These blood‐filled sinuses are richly innervated and possess novel mechanoreceptors. Although much is known regarding the function of F‐SCs in terrestrial mammals, much less is known regarding marine carnivores such as pinnipeds. Pinnipeds possess the largest, most highly innervated vibrissae of any mammal. One such pinniped is the California sea lion, which are generalist marine predators that rely heavily upon tactile discrimination capabilities. Psychophysical studies demonstrate that haptic tactile discrimination using F‐SCs is exceptionally sensitive. However, our knowledge of the structure and function of F‐SCs in otariids is limited. Our objectives were to investigate the innervation and microstructure of F‐SCs across the mystacial vibrissal field and infer function from haptic performance studies in California sea lions. Innervation and microstructure of vibrissae differed considerably compared to similar data available for phocids. Total innervation of mystacial vibrissae was estimated to be 86,042 axons. Investigations of innervation density and investment of microvibrissae versus macrovibrissae demonstrated a significantly increased axon density per F‐SC in medial microvibrissal regions compared to lateral macrovibrissae, which supports psychophysical data and somatotopic organization of the central nervous system involved with tactile discrimination capability. Innervation increased from medial microvibrissae (705 ± 125 axons/F‐SC) to lateral macrovibrissae (1,447 ± 154) as well as from dorsal (541 ± 60) to ventral (1,493 ± 327) vibrissal regions. These data provide a more complete picture of the sensory ecology of this important aquatic mammalian lineage; the specialization of peripheral sensory structures, central nervous structures with demonstrated enhanced haptic capabilities behaviorally has likely led to the ecological success of California sea lions.
Reliability of 3D texture analysis: A multicenter MRI study of the brain
Authors: Ta Daniel , Khan Muhammad , Ishaque Abdullah , Seres Peter , Eurich Dean , Yang Yee‐Hong , Kalra Sanjay 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundTexture analysis (TA) is an image‐analysis technique that detects complex intervoxel statistical patterns. 3D TA has shown potential in detecting cerebral degeneration not perceptible to the human eye in many neurological disorders. The reliability of this method's application in a multicenter study is unknown.PurposeTo assess the intrasite and intersite reliability of a novel 3D TA method from data acquired systematically from the Canadian ALS Neuroimaging Consortium (CALSNIC).Study TypeProspective multicenter data with harmonized MR sequence parameters acquired from five sites.PopulationSix healthy subjects.Field Strength3T 3D‐MPRAGE and 3D‐SPGR T1‐weighted MRI of the brain.AssessmentVoxel‐based 3D TA was performed on the whole brain to produce texture maps.Statistical TestsIntra‐ and intersite reliability of texture features was assessed using a two‐way mixed‐effects model for intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). ICCs were calculated in a region‐of‐interest (ROI) analysis of predetermined anatomically relevant areas. A voxelwise approach was used to assess the whole brain.ResultsIn the ROI analyses, intrasite reliability was excellent (ICC > 0.75) across most regions and texture features (autocorrelation [autoc], contrast [contr], energy [energ]). Intersite reliability was excellent for most regions with autoc, ranging from fair to excellent for contr, and ICCs ranging from poor to good (<0.40–0.75) for energ. Voxelwise analyses revealed a large range in ICC across the brain for both intrasite and intersite ICCs (0.0–0.90), with higher reliability in the cortical gray matter compared with deeper subcortical structures.Data ConclusionOverall, the reliability of 3D TA was highly dependent on texture feature, region studied, and method of analysis (ROI or voxelwise). Intrasite reproducibility was good to excellent, and better than intersite. ROI‐based analyses present higher reliability in comparison with voxelwise analyses. Autoc has overall excellent reliability. These factors might be considered when designing future 3D TA studies.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 1J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:1200–1209.
Formation and hydrolysis of gas‐phase [UO2(R)]+: R═CH3, CH2CH3, CH═CH2, and C6H5
Authors: Tatosian Irena , Bubas Amanda , Iacovino Anna , Kline Susan , Metzler Luke , Van Stipdonk Michael 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe goals of the present study were (a) to create positively charged organo‐uranyl complexes with general formula [UO2(R)]+ (eg, R═CH3 and CH2CH3) by decarboxylation of [UO2(O2C─R)]+ precursors and (b) to identify the pathways by which the complexes, if formed, dissociate by collisional activation or otherwise react when exposed to gas‐phase H2O. Collision‐induced dissociation (CID) of both [UO2(O2C─CH3)]+ and [UO2(O2C─CH2CH3)]+ causes H+ transfer and elimination of a ketene to leave [UO2(OH)]+. However, CID of the alkoxides [UO2(OCH2CH3)]+ and [UO2(OCH2CH2CH3)]+ produced [UO2(CH3)]+ and [UO2(CH2CH3)]+, respectively. Isolation of [UO2(CH3)]+ and [UO2(CH2CH3)]+ for reaction with H2O caused formation of [UO2(H2O)]+ by elimination of ·CH3 and ·CH2CH3: Hydrolysis was not observed. CID of the acrylate and benzoate versions of the complexes, [UO2(O2C─CH═CH2)]+ and [UO2(O2C─C6H5)]+, caused decarboxylation to leave [UO2(CH═CH2)]+ and [UO2(C6H5)]+, respectively. These organometallic species do react with H2O to produce [UO2(OH)]+, and loss of the respective radicals to leave [UO2(H2O)]+ was not detected. Density functional theory calculations suggest that formation of [UO2(OH)]+, rather than the hydrated UVO2+, cation is energetically favored regardless of the precursor ion. However, for the [UO2(CH3)]+ and [UO2(CH2CH3)]+ precursors, the transition state energy for proton transfer to generate [UO2(OH)]+ and the associated neutral alkanes is higher than the path involving direct elimination of the organic neutral to form [UO2(H2O)]+. The situation is reversed for the [UO2(CH═CH2)]+ and [UO2(C6H5)]+ precursors: The transition state for proton transfer is lower than the energy required for creation of [UO2(H2O)]+ by elimination of CH═CH2 or C6H5 radical.
Modeling and simulation of vessel in SAR image using oceanographic measured data and shipbuilding drawings
Authors: Liu Peng , Chen Peng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractApplication of computational electromagnetic algorithms for simulating synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery of vessels has been researched for many years, but it is rare when a complete data set of oceanographic measurements and shipbuilding drawings is used and compared with the real‐time SAR image. In January 2016, an experiment to investigate SAR imaging of vessels was conducted in the East China Sea. Data acquired are used in this paper to test simulation algorithms of moving ship, dynamic ocean wave, and SAR imaging. Reasonable agreement is obtained when comparisons are made between the simulated and real SAR images.
Evaluation of the Climate Extremes Index over the United States using 20th and mid‐21st century North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program data
Authors: Aiken Emily K. , Rauscher Sara A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMuch of our current risk assessment, especially for extreme events and natural disasters, comes from the assumption that the likelihood of future extreme events can be predicted based on the past. However, as global temperatures rise, established climate ranges may no longer be applicable, as historic records for extremes such as heat waves and floods may no longer accurately predict the changing future climate. To assess extremes (present‐day and future) over the contiguous United States, we used NOAA's Climate Extremes Index (CEI), which evaluates extremes in maximum and minimum temperature, extreme one‐day precipitation, days without precipitation, and the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI). The CEI is a spatially sensitive index that uses percentile‐based thresholds rather than absolute values to determine climate “extremeness” and is thus well‐suited to compare extreme climate across regions. We used regional climate model data from the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program (NARCCAP) to compare a late 20th century reference period to a mid‐21st century “business as usual” (SRES A2) greenhouse gas‐forcing scenario. Results show a universal increase in extreme hot temperatures across all models, with annual average maximum and minimum temperatures exceeding 90th percentile thresholds consistently across the continental United States. Results for precipitation indicators have greater spatial variability from model to model, but indicate an overall movement towards less frequent but more extreme precipitation days in the future. Due to this difference in response between temperature and precipitation, the mid‐21st century CEI is primarily an index of temperature extremes, with 90th percentile temperatures contributing disproportionately to the overall increase in climate extremeness. We also examine the efficacy of the PDSI in this context in comparison to other drought indices.
Legal regulation of supplementary cervid feeding facing chronic wasting disease
Authors: Mysterud Atle , Viljugrein Hildegunn , Solberg Erling J. , Rolandsen Christer M. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTThe supplementary feeding of cervids is a widespread practice across the northern hemisphere. There are few studies, however, regarding the extent of feeding in space and time. There are adverse effects of supplementary feeding, of which the most severe are increased parasite and disease transmission. With the recent emergence of chronic wasting disease (CWD) among cervids in Norway, a legal regulation was issued that banned all supplementary cervid feeding. We quantified the spatial extent and intentions of feeding cervids across all of Norway using a questionnaire at the municipality scale. We also compared spatial extent of feeding before and after the feeding ban to shed light on the ability of regulations to control supplementary feeding. Supplementary feeding to increase winter survival and targeting roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) was more common (48.4% of the municipalities) than the feeding of red deer (Cervus elaphus; 20.5%) and moose (Alces alces; 7.4%). The main feeding period was January–March, but extensive feeding also occurred from November to December and in April. Reducing traffic accidents was also a motivation, particularly for the feeding of moose (14.5%), and this was the main motivation (86%) for public feeding. Among the 65.7% that responded, 53.3% reported they knew about supplemental feeding of cervids in their municipality. In the region with the first feeding ban, 80.2% of municipalities were feeding in 2015–2016 before the ban, which was reduced to 68.4% in 2016–2017 and remained at 68.4% in 2017–2018. In the remainder of Norway, 81.4% were feeding in 2015–2016, and 72.6% were feeding in 2016–2017, but after the ban, this increased to 78.6% in the harsh winter of 2017–2018. Our study highlights that regulations across broad scales may not be followed and that more spatially targeted regulations and increased enforcement are required for disease transmission to be more effectively combated. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Wildlife Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of The Wildlife Society.
Seven novel mutations of ADAR in multi‐ethnic pedigrees with dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria in China
Authors: Wang Peng , Yu Shirong , Liu Jianyong , Zhang Dezhi , Kang Xiaojing 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundDyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria (DSH;OMIM: #127400) is a rare autosomal dominant skin disease of hyperpigmented and hypopigmented macules on the dorsal aspects of the feet and hands. The adenosine deaminase RNA‐Specific (ADAR;OMIM: *146920) gene was identified as causing DSH. Although more than 200 mutations are reported, no research has included the pedigrees of ethnic minorities in China. To investigate clinical features and genetic factors among multi‐ethnic families, seven multi‐ethnic pedigrees with DSH were collected for analysis of hereditary characteristics and ADAR mutations.MethodsAll 15 exons and exon–intron sequences of the ADAR gene were amplified and Sanger sequenced from 25 patients and 36 normal controls from seven multi‐ethnic DSH families with 100 healthy normal controls. Seven mutations were analyzed by Polyphen 2, SIFT and Provean. All mutations in ADAR with DSH were reviewed and genetic and clinical features were summarized for analysis. The ADEAMc domain may be a hot spot of ADAR mutations among patients with DSH.ResultsSeven novel mutations were identified in seven multi‐ethnic pedigrees: c.497delA(p.Arg105fs), c.3352C>T(p.Gln1058*) and c.3722delT(p.Ser1181fs) were found in three Uygur families with DSH; c.1330A>G(p.Val332Met) and c.2702A>T(p.His841Leu) were found in two Kazakh pedigrees and c.1176G>A(p.Lys326Glu) and c.2861G>A(p.Arg892His) in two Hui pedigrees. We summarized 203 different mutations of ADAR from people with DSH.ConclusionsSeven novel mutations were identified in seven multi‐ethnic families with DSH. Our study expands the genetic spectrum of ADAR mutations in DSH.
Tri‐section stepped impedance resonator with adjustable length and improved second harmonic characteristics
Authors: Kim In‐Seon , Kim Ghiback , Park Jin T. , Jang Yeon S. , Park Beom J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this study, we present a novel tri‐section stepped impedance resonator (SIR) with two different lengths (θ1 and θ2). The lengths of the first and the last transmission lines of the proposed tri‐section SIR were intentionally chosen. We compared the properties of the proposed SIR and the existing SIR. In the same impedance ratios (K1 and K2), the second harmonics of the proposed SIR were improved by 1.05‐1.11 times compared to the existing SIR. In addition, the length of the first transmission line, θ1, could be extended by more than twice the length of the existing SIR. That was very advantageous for tight coupling in a coupled line. Finally, a parallel‐coupled line band‐pass filter (PCL BPF) was developed using the proposed SIR, and the design equations were derived. The second harmonic of the PCL BPF was measured with an error of 2.67% compared to the theoretical value. The center frequency was almost identical. A series of processes, including design, simulation, fabrication, and measurement using the proposed structure, was carried out. An analysis of the results of each step proved the validity of our proposal.
An adaptive probabilistic atlas for anomalous brain segmentation in MR images
Authors: Martins Samuel Botter , Bragantini Jordão , Falcão Alexandre Xavier , Yasuda Clarissa Lin 
Published: August 2019

PurposeAutomated segmentation of brain structures (objects) in MR three‐dimensional (3D) images for quantitative analysis has been a challenge and probabilistic atlases (PAs) are among the most well‐succeeded approaches. However, the existing models do not adapt to possible object anomalies due to the presence of a disease or a surgical procedure. Post‐processing operation does not solve the problem, for example, tissue classification to detect and remove such anomalies inside the resulting segmentation mask, because segmentation errors on healthy tissues cannot be fixed. Such anomalies very often alter the shape and texture of the brain structures, making them different from the appearance of the model. In this paper, we present an effective and efficient adaptive probabilistic atlas, named AdaPro, to circumvent the problem and evaluate it on a challenging task — the segmentation of the left hemisphere, right hemisphere, and cerebellum, without pons and medulla, in 3D MR‐T1 brain images of Epilepsy patients. This task is challenging due to temporal lobe resections, artifacts, and the absence of contrast in some parts between the structures of interest.MethodsIn AdaPro, we first build one probabilistic atlas per object of interest from a training set with normal 3D images and the corresponding 3D object masks. Second, we incorporate a texture classifier based on convex optimization which dynamically indicates the regions of the target 3D image where the PAs (shape constraints) should be further adapted. This strategy is mathematically more elegant and avoids problems with post‐processing. Third, we add a new object‐based delineation algorithm based on combinatorial optimization and diffusion filtering. AdaPro can then be used to locate and delineate the objects in the coordinate space of the atlas or of the test image. We also compare AdaPro with three other state‐of‐the‐art methods: an statistical shape model based on synergistic object search and delineation, and two methods based on multi‐atlas label fusion (MALF).ResultsWe evaluate the methods quantitatively on 3D MR‐T1 brain images of 2T and 3T from epilepsy patients, before and after temporal lobe resections, and on the template and native coordinate spaces. The results show that AdaPro is considerably faster and consistently more accurate than the baselines with statistical significance in both coordinate spaces.ConclusionAdaPro can be used as a fast and effective step for brain tissue segmentation and it can also be easily extended to segment subcortical brain structures. By choice of its components, probabilistic atlas, texture classifier, and delineation algorithm, it can also be extended to other organs and imaging modalities.
Determination of Wair in high‐energy electron beams using graphite detectors
Authors: Bourgouin Alexandra , Cojocaru Claudiu , Ross Carl , McEwen Malcolm 
Published: August 2019

PurposeICRU Report 90 on Key Data for Ionizing‐Radiation Dosimetry: Measurement Standards and Applications (2014) has reaffirmed the recommended value of the mean energy required to create an ion pair in air, Wair, to be 33.97(12) eV. The report also indicates that this “constant” of radiation dosimetry is energy independent above 10 keV, since there is no theoretical or experimental evidence to the contrary. The goal of this investigation is to obtain additional experimental determinations of Wair in high energy beams and thus to verify the suggested energy independence.MethodsWair can be evaluated by combining ionometric and calorimetric measurements with a calculated ratio of the absorbed dose in the ion chamber air cavity and that of the calorimeter absorbing element. In this investigation, a graphite parallel plate chamber and a graphite calorimeter were used and the dose ratio was calculated using the EGSnrc Monte Carlo code. Measurements were made in electron beams from the NRC Vickers linear accelerator at two incident energies, 20 and 35 MeV. A range of average energies at the measurement point were obtained by inserting graphite plates in the primary beam.ResultsThe average value of Wair obtained in this investigation is 33.85(18) eV which is consistent with the recommended value of 33.97(12) eV where the number in brackets represents the combined standard uncertainty of the value, referring to the corresponding last digits. The individual values of Wair do not show any statistically significant energy dependence.ConclusionThe overall combined uncertainty of 0.5% meets the original target of the investigation. A larger‐scale investigation, involving more individual energy points and a wider range of electron energies is required to go further and, for example, comment on the Wair energy dependency question raised by Tessier et al. [Med. Phys. 2018;45:370–381].
Modification of Adhesive and Latex Properties for Starch Nanoparticle‐Based Pressure Sensitive Adhesives
Authors: Zhang Yujie , Cunningham Michael F. , Dubé Marc A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractStarch nanoparticle (SNP)‐based pressure sensitive adhesives (PSAs) with core‐shell particle morphology (starch nanoparticle core/acrylic polymer shell) are produced via seeded, semi‐batch emulsion polymerization at 15 wt% SNP loading (relative to total polymer weight) and 40 wt% latex solids. Crosslinker and chain transfer agent (CTA) are introduced to the acrylic shell polymer formulation at a range of concentrations according to a 32 factorial design to tailor the latex and adhesive properties of SNP‐based latexes. The crosslinker and CTA show no significant effect on polymerization kinetics, particle size, and viscosity. Latex gel content is predicted using an empirical model, which is a function of crosslinker and CTA concentration. Both the gel content and glass transition temperature strongly affect the adhesive properties (tack, peel strength, and shear strength) of the SNP‐based latex films. 3D response surfaces for the adhesive properties are constructed to facilitate the design of SNP‐based PSAs with desired properties.