bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing Student Success: Leaders’ Perspectives on Advising Practices in Graduate Health Professions Education Programs
Authors: Meyer Holly S , Samuel Anita , Cleland Jennifer , Maggio Lauren A. , Artino Anthony R. , Scarlett Emily , Martin Paolo C. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPhenomenonEffective graduate advising is crucial for student success but remains an understudied area, particularly in Health Professions Education (HPE). While the importance of advising is widely recognized, faculty often lack adequate preparation and face competing demands. Current research on advising primarily focuses on other disciplines, neglecting the unique challenges of HPE programs. This study aims to address this gap by exploring leaders’ perspectives on advising practices that optimize student success in HPE graduate programs.ApproachA qualitative interview study using narrative inquiry was conducted to explore leaders’ perspectives on advising practices in graduate HPE programs globally. Purposive sampling was used to recruit program leaders across six World Health Organization regions. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and analyzed using narrative inquiry and developmental advising theory as a framework.FindingsFifteen HPE program leaders described advising practices focused on academic advancement, personal advancement, and community building. Leaders emphasized the importance of clear communication, goal setting, and student support. While advisors valued building strong relationships with students, challenges arose from balancing professional and personal roles. Findings suggest that a developmental advising approach, incorporating academic, personal, and community-building elements, can enhance student success in HPE graduate programs.InsightsThis study underscores the critical role of advisors in graduate HPE programs, revealing that effective advising involves both academic guidance and substantial emotional support. It highlights a gap in the existing literature and advocates for the expansion of developmental advising that addresses not only administrative tasks but also the broader developmental needs of students, such as career advancement and personal growth. The findings suggest that to enhance advising practices, graduate HPE programs should invest in ongoing professional development for advisors, adopt holistic advising models, and allocate resources to support students’ integration into professional communities, thereby preparing them more fully for their future careers.
Utilizing Saliva for Non-Invasive Detection of Exercise-Induced Myocardial Injury with Point-of-Care Cardiac Troponin-I
Authors: Ovchinnikov Aleksandr N. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundPoint-of-care (POC) cardiac troponin-I (cTnI) measurement methods often involve immunoassays, which can provide a momentary view of cTnI levels but the current modality highly restricts access to and frequency of testing in a sports and exercise medicine setting due to the requirement of a blood draw.ObjectivesThis study aimed to compare cTnI concentrations in saliva and serum in athletes before (T1), early (T2), 4 h (T3), and 24 h (T4) after exercise.Methods82 male runners were recruited and then divided into two groups. 54 participants (group 1) completed a 5-km time-trial, while 28 participants (group 2) did not undergo this exercise. POC testing device was used to quantify salivary and serum concentrations of cTnI in both groups at T1, T2, T3, and T4.ResultsIn group 1, salivary and serum concentrations of cTnI increased at T2 (0.41±0.06 ng/mL and 0.48±0.06 ng/mL) compared to T1 (0.18±0.04 ng/mL and 0.22±0.04 ng/mL), reaching the highest values at T3 (0.62±0.05 ng/mL and 0.76±0.05 ng/mL) with the subsequent return to baseline values at T4 (0.16±0.03 ng/mL and 0.22±0.03 ng/mL). In group 2, there were no time-dependent changes in cTnI levels in both saliva (T1: 0.17±0.04 ng/mL, T2: 0.16±0.03 ng/mL, T3: 0.16±0.04 ng/mL, T4: 0.16±0.04 ng/mL) and serum (T1: 0.22±0.04 ng/mL, T2: 0.22±0.04 ng/mL, T3: 0.21±0.03 ng/mL, T4: 0.21±0.04 ng/mL). Salivary and serum concentrations of cTnI were significantly lower in group 2 compared to group 1 at T2 and T3; there was no difference between groups at T1 and T4. Deming regression and Passing–Bablok regression revealed that there was differential bias (at T3), but proportional agreement (at T1, T2, T3, T4) between salivary and serum levels of cTnI in both groups. The Bland–Altman method indicated that there was a negative differential bias but no proportional bias in the data. Recalibration of the new measurement approach (measurement of cTnI levels in saliva) by using the MethodCompare R package was effective in removing existing bias, as evidenced by its similar precision to the reference method (measurement of cTnI levels in serum), particularly at T2, T3, and T4.ConclusionsIn athletic settings, quantification of cTnI levels in saliva utilizing the POC-cTnI-Getein1100 assay may be a useful non-invasive tool in evaluating whether exercise-induced increases in cTnI levels are transient or there are acutely or chronically elevated cTnI concentrations.Graphical abstract
Long Sleep Duration, Cognitive Performance, and the Moderating Role of Depression: A Cross-Sectional Analysis in the Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Young Vanessa M. , Bernal Rebecca , Baril Andree-Ann , Zeynoun Joy , Wiedner Crystal , Gaona Carlos , Beiser Alexa , Teixeira Antonio L. , Salardini Arash , Pase Matthew P. , Himali Jayandra Jung , Seshadri Sudha 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTINTRODUCTIONWe investigated whether depression modified the associations between sleep duration and cognitive performance.METHODSMultivariable linear regression models examined the associations between sleep duration and cognition in 1,853 dementia- and stroke-free participants from the Framingham Heart Study. Participants were categorized in four groups: no depressive symptoms, no antidepressants; depressive symptoms without antidepressants use; antidepressant use without depressive symptoms; both depressive symptoms and antidepressant use.RESULTSLong sleep was associated with reduced overall cognitive function. Strong associations between sleep duration and cognitive performance were found in individuals with depressive symptoms, regardless of antidepressant use. Weaker but significant effects were observed in those without depressive symptoms. No significant associations were observed in participants using antidepressants without depressive symptoms.DISCUSSIONThese findings provide new evidence that sleep duration may be a modifiable risk factor for cognitive decline, particularly in individuals with depressive symptoms. Future research should elucidate underlying mechanisms and temporal relationships.RESEARCH IN CONTEXTSystematic review:We conducted a systematic search on PubMed and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed articles using keyword combinations related to sleep, cognition, and depression. Existing evidence reveals mixed findings on the relationship between sleep duration and cognition, with limited studies examining the role of depression on this association.Interpretation:We observed that only long sleep duration (≥9h) was associated with poorer global cognition, executive function, visuospatial memory, and verbal learning/memory. Depression moderated this association, showing stronger negative effects of long sleep on cognition in individuals with depressive symptoms, regardless of antidepressant use. This suggests that long sleep duration may serve as an early indicator or risk factor for cognitive decline in those with depressive symptoms.Future directions:Longitudinal studies with objective and subjective sleep assessments across diverse populations are needed to clarify how depression and its treatment influence the relationship between sleep duration and cognitive decline and support clinical strategies.HIGHLIGHTSSleeping ≥ 9hours/night was associated with worse cognitive performance.This association was stronger among those with depression.Long sleepers were more likely to report symptoms of depression.Sleep may be a modifiable risk for cognitive decline in people with depression.
Patient and Physician Perspectives on Cardiovascular Risk: A Multicenter Study of Communication Gaps
Authors: Górriz-Magaña Juan , Maruri-Sánchez Ramon , Elorriaga Ane , Salterain-González Nahikari , Prieto-Lobato Alicia , Rubia Raúl Gascueña , Sánchez Isabel Monedero , Elvira-Laffond Ana , Reguero Miguel Lapena , Barros Amanda Leandro , Rivas Cristina Villabona , Fernández Alejandro Gutiérrez , Méndez César Jiménez , Prieto-González Silvia , Melendo-Viu María , Durán Blanca Alcón , López Emilio Blanco , Lozano Clara Bonanad , Durante-López Alejandro , Carrasquer Anna , Losas Pedro Martínez , Casas Teresa Alvarado , Merino Pedro Pájaro , Olmos Victor Juárez , Lopez-Pais Javier , Kittleson Michelle M , Díez-Villanueva Pablo , Bañeras-Rius Jordi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundEffective risk communication is crucial for managing cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of global mortality. Clear communication between patients and physicians is essential for informed decision-making, yet gaps in understanding often persist.ObjectiveThis study examines the state of risk communication during hospital admissions for cardiovascular events, evaluating both patient and physician perspectives and identifying factors influencing risk perception.MethodsThe SEC-HARIPA study is a multicenter, cross-sectional analysis conducted across 28 Spanish centers from October 2022 to March 2023. It included 943 patients admitted to cardiology departments, either urgently or for scheduled procedures. Patients and their physicians completed parallel questionnaires assessing perceptions of cardiovascular risk, procedural complications, and overall communication. Statistical analysis focused on agreement between patient and physician perceptions and the impact of demographic and clinical variables.ResultsThe mean age of participants was 68.2 years, with ischemic heart disease being the most common cause of admission (41.3%). While 76.9% of patients felt adequately informed about procedural risks, 69.3% of those experiencing adverse events reported a lack of information on potential complications. A significant discrepancy was found between patients’ and physicians’ perceptions of future cardiovascular risk, with patients often underestimating their risk (weighted kappa index of 0.29). Key factors influencing risk perception included prior cardiovascular history, age, gender, and diabetes mellitus.ConclusionsThis study reveals significant gaps in risk communication in cardiovascular care, particularly regarding future risks and complications. Tailoring communication strategies to individual patient characteristics could improve understanding and align perceptions with clinical realities, enhancing health outcomes.
Sex-specific disruptions in the developmental trajectory of anxiety due to prenatal cannabidiol exposure
Authors: Iezzi Daniela , Cáceres-Rodríguez Alba , Chavis Pascale , Manzoni Olivier J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMany pregnant women use cannabidiol (CBD) as a natural remedy to alleviate symptoms such as nausea, insomnia, anxiety, and chronic pain. As much as 20% of pregnancies in the USA and Canada may involve the use of CBD-only products. CBD crosses the placenta and may affect fetal development, potentially leading to neuropsychiatric conditions later in life. Given the limited understanding of the effects of CBD during pregnancy, we adopted a longitudinal approach to investigate the neurodevelopmental trajectory associated with prenatal CBD exposure.Pregnant mice were administered 3 mg/kg CBD from gestational days 5 to 18. At early adolescence, offspring displayed sex-specific behavioral changes. Females, but not males, exhibited a complex anxiety-like phenotype during the elevated plus maze task. This phenotype persisted into adulthood in the open field test and was accompanied by altered reward responsiveness. Throughout post-natal life, female offspring demonstrated heightened stretch-attend postures, a risk-assessment behavior reflecting approach-avoidance tendencies and anxiety. Finally, prenatal CBD exposure increased repetitive behaviors in adult animals of both sexes, as evidenced by the marble burying task. These results provide strong evidence of sex-specific disruptions in the developmental trajectories of anxiety associated with prenatal CBD exposure. They challenge the perception that CBD is universally safe and highlight vulnerabilities linked to gestational CBD exposure.
Dynamic evolution of satellite DNAs drastically differentiates the genomes ofTriboliumsibling species
Authors: Veseljak Damira , Despot-Slade Evelin , Volarić Marin , Horvat Lucija , Vojvoda Zeljko Tanja , Meštrović Nevenka , Mravinac Brankica 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTTandemly repeated satellite DNAs (satDNAs) are among the most abundant and fastest-evolving eukaryotic sequences, but the way they model genomes is still elusive. Here, we investigated the evolutionary dynamics of satDNAs in the extremely satDNA-rich genomes of two closely relatedTriboliuminsects that produce sterile hybrids. InTribolium freemani, we identified 135 satDNAs, accounting for 38.7% of the genome. Comparative analysis with theTribolium castaneumsatellitome revealed that the drastic difference happened in their centromeric regions, which share orthologous organization hallmarked by totally different major satDNAs but related minor satDNAs. TheT. freemanimale sex chromosome, which lacks the major satDNA but contains a minor-like satDNA, further heightened the question of which satDNA is centromere-competent. By analyzing the long-range organization of the centromeric regions, we revealed that both the major and minor satDNA arrays exhibit a strong tendency toward macro-dyad symmetry, suggesting that the secondary structures in the centromeres may be more important than the primary sequence itself. We found evidence that the centromeric satDNAs ofT. freemanioccur in extrachromosomal circular DNAs, which may contribute to their expansion and homogenization between non-homologous chromosomes. We also identified numerous low-copy-number satDNAs that are orthologous between the siblings, some of which are associated with transposable elements, highlighting transposition as a mechanism of their spreading. The dynamic evolution of satDNAs has clearly influenced the differentiation ofTriboliumgenomes, but the question remains whether the differences in their satDNA profiles are a cause or consequence of speciation.
PDGFRα+Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Contribute to Epithelial Lineages during Prostate Development
Authors: Maiti Dibyo , Tien Hsin-Jung , Joshi Purna A. 
Published: December 2024

SummaryOrgan development is attributed to stem/progenitor cells which self-renew and differentiate into mature cells critical for tissue form and function. The prostate is an epithelial organ that participates in the production of seminal fluid. Bipotent and unipotent stem/progenitor cells resident in prostatic epithelia are shown to support its development. While the stroma is crucial for prostate organogenesis, precise stromal cells including immature stromal subsets involved in prostate biology are unknown. Utilizing genetic reporter and lineage tracing mouse models, we identify a PDGFRα+mesenchymal population in the fibromuscular stroma that harbors progenitors which undergo a mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition, generating prostatic luminal and basal epithelial lineages during postnatal development. Further, these mesenchymal progenitors and their epithelial progeny persist in the adult, demonstrating their self-renewal potential. Our findings unveil a prostatic progenitor beyond the epithelium, laying down a framework for probing the contribution of stromal progenitors to the normal and diseased prostate.Graphical Abstract
An ancient origin of the naked grains of maize
Authors: Fairbanks Regina , Ross-Ibarra Jeffrey 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAdaptation to novel environments requires genetic variation, which may either predate the novel environment or arise as new mutations. The relative importance of standing genetic variation vs.de novomutations in adaptation remains a fundamental question in evolutionary biology. Selection during domestication has been long used as a model to understand evolutionary processes, providing information not only on the phenotypes selected but also, in many cases, an understanding of the causal loci. Of the multiple causal loci that have been identified in maize, the selected allele can be found segregating in natural populations, consistent with their origin as standing genetic variation. The sole exception to this pattern is the well-characterized domestication locustga1, which has long been thought to be an example of selection on ade novomutation. Here, we use a large dataset of maize and teosinte genomes to reconstruct the origin and evolutionary history oftga1. We first estimated the age oftga1-maizeusing a genealogy-based method, finding that the allele arose approximately 41,000-49,000 years ago, predating the beginning of maize domestication. We also identify, for the first time,tga1-maizein teosinte populations, indicating the allele can survive in the wild. Finally, we compare observed patterns of haplotype structure and mutational age distributions neartga1with simulations, finding that patterns neartga1in maize better resemble those generated under simulated selective sweeps on standing variation. These multiple lines of evidence suggest that maize domestication likely drew upon standing genetic variation attga1and cement the importance of standing variation in driving adaptation during domestication.
Human mitochondrial RNA polymerase structures reveal transcription start-site and slippage mechanism
Authors: Shen Jiayu , Goovaerts Quinten , Ajjugal Yogeeshwar , Wijngaert Brent De , Das Kalyan , Patel Smita S. 
Published: December 2024

SUMMARYHuman mitochondrial RNA polymerase (POLRMT) and protein factors TFAM and TFB2M assemble on mitochondrial DNA promoters to initiate promoter-specific transcription. We present cryo-EM structures of two initiation complexes, IC3 and slipped-IC3, with fully resolved transcription bubbles containing RNA transcripts starting from +1 and −1 positions, respectively. These structures reveal the mechanisms of promoter melting, start site selection, and slippage synthesis. Promoter melting begins at −4 with base-specific interactions of −4 and −3 template guanines with POLRMT and −1 non-template adenine with TFB2M, stabilizing the bubble and facilitating initiation from +1. Slippage occurs when a synthesized 2-mer RNA shifts to −1; the −1 position is not an alternative start-site. The conserved non-template sequence (-1)AAA(+2) is recognized by a non-template stabilizing loop (K153LDPRSGGVIKPP165) and Y209 from TFB2M and W1026 of POLRMT. The initiation complex on cryo-EM grids exist in equilibrium with apo and dimeric POLRMTs, whose relative concentrations may regulate transcription initiation.HIGHLIGHTSCryo-EM structures of active human mitochondrial transcription initiation complexesDe novo RNA synthesis begins at +1, linking +1 and +2 NTPsSynthesized 2-mer RNA anneals at −1, initiating RNA slippage synthesisPOLRMT fingers’ motion alters TFB2M interactions with non-template strand
Is calcium intake associated with sleep quality? : a systematic review
Authors: Isoda Ami , Kiriya Junko , Jimba Masamine 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAs the prevalence of sleep disorders has grown worldwide, studies on sleep quality are increasingly required. Recent evidence suggests that calcium intake may influence sleep quality and duration, but few studies have investigated factors associated with sleep quality. This systematic review aimed to examine and synthesize existing evidence on the association between calcium intake and sleep quality and sleep duration. We included randomized controlled trials, case-control studies, cohort studies, and cross-sectional studies from multiple databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and CINAHL Plus, followed by keywords search at Google Scholar and reference review of included articles. A total of seven independent studies presented in nine reports met the inclusion criteria. Six of them were cross-sectional studies. The studies suggested a positive association between calcium intake and sleep quality, although the results were not statistically significant in some cases. Studies also indicated that lower calcium intake was associated with inappropriate sleep duration. We decided not to conduct meta-analysis because of the insufficient number of studies. The findings suggest a positive relationship between calcium intake and sleep quality. To test the effectiveness of calcium intake on sleep quality, a randomized controlled trial is required across different ethnicity and culture.
Breaking the isolation: how influential is co-creation in open and distance learning on the use of new media?
Authors: Chakravarty Rishi , Baruah Apratim , Sarma Nripendra Narayan 
Published: December 2024

PurposeIn the open and distance learning (ODL) system, widely scattered learners across various age groups often feel isolated. New-age media-enabled co-creation can help reduce this isolation. However, fostering collaborative academic engagement to break this isolation presents challenges for ODL institutions. Therefore, understanding the perceptions of the ODL teachers and learners on this issue is essential.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopted the triangulation method, collecting primary data from 198 learners at Krishna Kanta Handiqui State Open University (KKHSOU). A focus group discussion with members of the academic staff provided qualitative insights. The instrument consisted of 23 statement items and was statistically analyzed using factor analysis, one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests with SPSS version 26.0.FindingsCollaborative academic engagements were found to be significantly influenced by differences in the perceptions of learners across age groups towards the academic delivery process and new-age media platforms. Various dimensions like learner genuineness and effectiveness of support services also have implications for reducing isolation.Originality/valueThis study opens new avenues in the literature on co-creation and new-age media platforms in the context of ODL. This provides useful insights to educators on breaking isolation among the learners and involves them in the academic processes. The human approach as always will remain enduring.