bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Passive Drag Reduction via Bionic Hull Coatings
Authors: Schrader Lars-Uve 
Published: March 2019

The resistance of ships is often dominated by friction between the hull and the water. This study explores possibilities of reducing skin-friction drag in a way inspired by dolphins. These possess a soft skin believed to diminish drag by delaying the transition from laminar to turbulent flow. The underlying mechanism builds on a stabilization of the laminar boundary layer by the compliant surface. To transfer this mechanism to ship hulls, coatings similar to dolphin skin have been designed numerically, made from polymeric materials, and tested in a water tunnel. For the best coating, a drag reduction by almost 3% has been predicted in the boundary layer along the hull model of a small search-and-rescue vessel. The trends of the numerical predictions have been confirmed in the experiments.

1. Overview
Dolphins are able to sustain a swimming speed of about 9 m/sec across long distances (Carpenter et al. 2000). This fascinating endurance has stimulated the hypothesis that the pliable dolphin skin interacts with the surrounding flow so as to maintain low-drag laminar flow via a delay of transition to turbulence (Gad-el-Hak 1996). Although this hypothesis is under debate (Fish & Lauder 2006), laboratory experiments have indeed demonstrated that soft coatings delay laminar-turbulent transition (Gaster 1987). According to boundary-layer linear stability theory (LST), compliant surfaces are able to mitigate the amplification of Tollmien-Schlichting (TS) waves, the forerunners of transition in low-disturbance environments (Carpenter & Garrad 1985). However, wall compliance may also promote transition in that the flow may excite instability waves borne by the soft coating material. These waves are known as fluid-induced surface instabilities (FISI) (Carpenter & Garrad 1985) or travelling-wave flutter (Gad-el-Hak 1996). FISI waves may in turn via nonlinear effects develop into quasi-steady surface corrugations ("divergence") (Carpenter & Garrad 1986). This process is associated with an absolute instability mechanism (Tsigklifis & Lucey 2015) that rapidly triggers transition via the bypass route. The boundary-layer instability over a compliant coating is hence more complex than that over a rigid surface owing to the presence of two wave-bearing media. Compliant-wall boundary layers also support non-modal transient growth inducing bypass transition (Tsigklifis & Lucey 2015).
De orfiske mudderbade: Esoteriske renhedsforestillinger i oldtidens Grækenland
Authors: Albinus Lars 
Published: March 2019

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The symbolic distinction between purity and pollution was prevalent in Ancient Greece, not least among the Orphics. As a religious reform movement of the Axial Age, they authored a discourse which was polemically directed against the dominant Homeric tradition. This shows, for instance, in their eschatological reconception of the relationships between humans and gods, life and death. As part of an initiation ritual, they offered purifications, including self-defilement with blood and mud, with the purpose of releasing the initiate from the cycle of births (reincarnation). Allegedly, the initiation entailed a ritual staging of the realm of the dead – an imitatio mortis – in which the uninitiated were doomed to a hapless fate, whereas the initiated were introduced to a divine and carefree afterlife.
DANSK RESUMÉ: Den symbolske distinktion mellem renhed og urenhed spillede en afgørende rolle i det antikke Hellas, ikke mindst for orfikerne. De fremstår i den forbindelse som en typisk aksetidsbevægelse, der forholder sig polemisk til den herskende tradition. Således tilskrev de forholdet mellem mennesker og guder, liv og død, en eskatologisk betydning, der stod i modsætning til det homeriske univers. De indførte også renselsesriter med blod og mudder som del af et initiationsritual, hvis formål var at guddommeliggøre initianden gennem en frigørelse fra fødslernes kredsløb. Her tyder alt på, at ritualet bestod en rituel iscenesættelse af dødsriget – imitatio mortis – der skelnede mellem uindviede, som gik en trøstesløs skæbne i møde, og indviede, som kunne se frem til et sorgløst efterliv.
Public perception of the vegetative state/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome: a crowdsourced study
Authors: Kondziella Daniel , Cheung Man Cheung , Dutta Anirban 
Published: March 2019

Background
The vegetative state (VS)/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) denotes brain-injured, awake patients who are seemingly without awareness. Still, up to 15% of these patients show signs of covert consciousness when examined by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) or EEG, which is known as cognitive motor dissociation (CMD). Experts often prefer the term unresponsive wakefulness syndrome to avoid the negative connotations associated with vegetative state and to highlight the possibility for CMD. However, the perception of VS/UWS by the public has never been studied systematically.

Methods
Using an online crowdsourcing platform, we recruited 1,297 lay people from 32 countries. We investigated if vegetative state and unresponsive wakefulness syndrome might have a different influence on attitudes towards VS/UWS and the concept of CMD.

Results
Participants randomized to be inquired about the vegetative state believed that CMD was less plausible (mean estimated frequency in unresponsive patients 38.07% ± SD 25.15) than participants randomized to unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (42.29% ± SD 26.63; Cohen’s d 0.164; p = 0.016). Attitudes towards treatment withdrawal were similar. Most participants preferred unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (60.05%), although a sizeable minority favored vegetative state (24.21%; difference 35.84%, 95% CI 29.36 to 41.87; p < 0.0001). Searches on PubMed and Google Trends revealed that unresponsive wakefulness syndrome is increasingly used by academics but not lay people.

Discussion
Simply replacing vegetative state with unresponsive wakefulness syndrome may not be fully appropriate given that one of four prefer the first term. We suggest that physicians take advantage of the controversy around the terminology to explain relatives the concept of CMD and its ethical implications.
Serum Levels of Some Inflammatory Markers in Alloxan- Induced Diabetic Rats Treated with Aqueous Leaf Extract of Terminalia catappa and Exogenous Insulin
Authors: Ben Ezekiel E. , Asuquo Asuquo E. , Owu D. U. 
Published: March 2019

Background: Inflammation is said to be associated with hyperglycaemia and is implicated in the complications of diabetes.
Aim: This study was designed to investigate the level of some inflammatory markers in blood of diabetic rats administered with aqueous leaf extract of Terminalia catappa and exogenous insulin.
Materials and Methods: Thirty five (35) Wistar rats were assigned to 5 groups of 7 animals each. Group 1 served as the control and received 5ml/kg body weight of distilled water and group 2 received orally, 130/kg body weight of aqueous leaf extract of Terminalia catappa. Groups 3 (diabetic only), 4 (diabetic + extract) and 5 (diabetic + insulin) were administered 150 mg/kg body weight of alloxan solution intraperitoneally to induce diabetes and blood glucose levels ≥200 mg/dl after 72 hours were considered diabetic. Then 5 ml/kg bodyweight of distilled water, 130 mg/kg body weight of Terminalia catappa leaf extract was given orally and 0.75U/kg body weight of insulin was administered subcutaneously to respective groups and the experiment lasted for 14 days.
Results: The results showed significant (P< 0.05) increase in serum levels of C-reactive protein, Interleukin-6 and blood fibrinogen in diabetic group compared to control. These inflammatory biomarkers significantly (P<0.05) reduced in diabetic group treated with extract and insulin.
Conclusion: Therefore aqueous leaf extract of Terminalia catappa can reduce some inflammatory cytokines and ameliorate inflammation in diabetes similar to exogenous insulin.
Protective Roles of Kolaviron Extract from Garcinia kola Seeds against Isoniazid-induced Kidney Damage in Wistar Rats
Authors: Apalowo Oladayo Emmanuel , Musa Samson Eyone , Asaolu Funke , Apata Joseph Tosin , Oyedeji Taiwo , Babalola Olusegun Olubunmi 
Published: March 2019

Background: Garcinia kola seeds have been observed to be medically important and kolaviron, a bioflavonoid obtained from the seeds was studied for its biological activities. The study investigated the protective effect of kolaviron extract obtained from the seed of Garcinia kola against isoniazid-induced kidney damage.
Methodology: Kolaviron was extracted from fresh seeds of Garcinia kola (2 kg) using soxhlet extractor and partitioned with chloroform. Nephrotoxicity was induced in wistar rats by oral administration of isoniazid (20 mg/kg bwt) while kolaviron was administered on wistar rats an hour before isoniazid administration and lasted for 30 days. Protective effect of kolaviron was measured in the plasma of wistar rats by estimating the levels of key metabolites used as kidney biomarkers which are total protein, creatinine, urea and uric acid concentration.
Results: The isoniazid-treated group showed a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in total protein concentration of 3.57 ± 0.12 (mg/dl) while there was a significant (p < 0.05) increase in urea, uric acid and creatinine concentrations with values of 70.30 ± 4.77, 55.71 ± 11.15 and 18.04 ± 5.33 (mg/dl) respectively. However, kolaviron-treated group showed a remarkable increase (6.15 ± 0.96) in total protein concentration while urea, uric acid and creatinine concentrations significantly decreased to 45.25 ± 2.29, 35.60 ± 11.01 and 13.28 ± 4.41 (mg/dl) respectively.
Conclusion: Kolaviron extract obtained from Garcinia kola seeds exhibited a remarkable protective effect against kidney damage caused by isoniazid by regulating renal biomarkers and preventing toxic affront of isoniazid. Thus, it may be relatively safe when used therapeutically at this dose in the treatment and management of diseases associated with kidney damage.
Evaluation of Galantamine, Phenolics, Flavonoids and Antioxidant Content of Galanthus Species in Turkey
Authors: Bulduk Ibrahim , Karafakıoğlu Yasemin Sunucu 
Published: March 2019

Aims: The aim of the present study was to determine the total phenolic and flavonoid content and antioxidant activities in Galanthus species (Gaalanthus woronowii, Galanthus nivalis, and Galanthus elwesii) indigenous to Turkey.
Study Design: The plant materials used in the study, Galanthus elwesii samples were collected in Antalya province, Galanthus nivalis samples were collected in Istanbul province, and Galanthus woronowii samples were collected in Çaykara, Trabzon province in September 2018.
Place and Duration of Study: Plant samples were stored in Herbarium Material Warehouse at Afyon Kocatepe University. The plant leaves and grated bulbs were dried in an incubator at 60°C. The bulb and leaf samples were then pulverized to 80 mesh particle size for analysis.
Methodology: Total phenolic content was determined spectrophotometrically with Folin-Ciocalteu procedure and calculated as gallic acid equivalent (GAE). Total flavonoid content was determined with aluminum chloride colorimetric method and calculated as catechin equivalent (CAE). Antioxidant activities were determined with TEAC (Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity) and DPPH (diphenyl-p-picrylhydrazyl radical) methods. The phenolic acid and galantamine content were determined by reversed phase HPLC.
Results: The highest total flovanoid content was determined as 33 mg CAE/g DW in Galanthus woronowii leaves and as 27 mg CAE / g DW in bulbs. DPPH removal activity was 77% in 500 μg/mL Galanthus woronowii leaf extract concentration and 93% in the ascorbic acid control group. The highest antioxidant content was observed in the leaves of Galanthus woronowii as 23 µmol Trolox/100 g DW and as 21 µmolTrolox/100 g DW in the bulbs. Higher galantamine content was determined in aerial parts (leaves) when compared to the underground parts (bulbs). The galantamine content in the leaves of all three Galanthus species was about 0.082%. The galantamine content in the bulbs of all three species was about 0.045%. Gallic, protocatechic, vanilic, caffeic, syringic, rosmarinic acid and catechin were identified in the leaves and bulbs of the three species with HPLC phenolic acid analysisIt was determined that the major phenolic acid was gallic acid.
Conclusion: The present study findings demonstrated that Galantthus species has antioxidant capacity. Galanthus spp. leaves had higher antioxidant activity when compared to the bulbs. Galanthus woronowii exhibited the highest antioxidant activity among the scrutinized species.
Biological Attributes of the Soil with Intercaled Crops and Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.): Sustainable Management in the Amazon
Authors: Maldonado S. A. Saravia , Cordeiro A. C. Centeno , Melo V. Ferreira , Siqueira R. H. da Silva. , Fernández I. Montero , Uchôa S. C. Pereira , Filho A. Alves De Melo 
Published: March 2019

Aims: In the Brazilian Amazon, the practices and use of agroforestry systems (SAF) are increasingly used, the proper management of them helps to improve soil properties and also to prevent their degradation. In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate the biological attributes of the soil in the oil palm cultivation systems with intercropping.
Study Design: The experimental design used was completely randomized with four repetitions and six treatments: Oil palm (Elaeis guineense Jacq.) interspersed with pineapple (OPi), bean (OBe), banana (OBa), yucca (OYu) and Brachiaria humidicola (OPa), as well as adjacent area only with Brachiaria humidicola as a witness (Pa). The Tukey test was used at a level of 5% probability in samples analyzed at a depth of 0-0.0 m, to compare the means of the variables evaluated.
Place and Duration of Study: The experimental area is located of São João da Baliza, vicinal 26, km 12, with geographic coordinates of reference 00º.51'13.3''N and 60º00'19.8''W, the altitude of 100 msnm and, distant to 352 km from the capital Boa Vista, state of Roraima realized in 2016.
Results: The TOC presented values between 4.70 and 9.45 g kg-1, being the highest values found in the interim systems OYu, Pa, OBa, highlighting the intermediate system OPi that presented the lowest levels. The highest basal respiration values ​​of the soil (RBS) (23.50 mg C-CO2 kg-1 soil h-1) and carbon from microbial biomass (C-BMS) (116.0 mg C microbiano kg-1 soil) were verified in the pasture system. Likewise, for the urease and acid phosphatase activity, the grass system stands out as a control with values of (148.42 g NH4+ g-1 soil 2 h-1) y (230 μg de p-nitrofenol g-1 soil h-1) followed by palm with grass and yucca systems. However, the β-glucosidase activity (51.22 μg p-nitrofenol g-1 h-1) it was positively influenced by the oil palm system with yucca. On the other hand, the system interspersed with pineapple showed a higher metabolic coefficient (qCO2) (0.36 mg C-CO2 g-1 C-BMS h-1). It can be concluded that the pasture system (Pa) is presented as a more stable environment, followed by interspersed systems of oil palm with grass (OPa) and yucca (OYu).
Development of a Lymphoid Variant of Acute Leukemia after Five-fold Treatments of Ovulation Induction
Authors: Ivanova L. A. , Korol I. V. , Kovalenko U. S. , Kokova E. A. , Mezinova A. V. , Dzhanchyatova F. A. , Gumenuck E. O. 
Published: March 2019

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome is a complication of IVF procedure. Describes the case of a 31-year-old patient with body mass index 22 kg/m 2. After 5 IVF procedures with the previous stimulation of ovulation she complaints of weakness, dyspnea, pain in the chest, unproductive cough, epigastric pain, fever, pain in the hip and spine, ascites, hydropericardium, hydrothorax, acute respiratory distress syndrome reveal themselves. "Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome" was made. The treatment with glucocorticosteroids improved the condition of the patient. After a bone marrow puncture the diagnosis "lymphoid variant of acute leukemia" was confirmed.
F
imbriimonadales
Authors: Quan Zhe‐Xue , Im Wan‐Taek 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Fim.bri.i.mo.na.da'les. N.L. fem. n.
Fimbriimonas
type genus of the order; suff. ‐
ales
, ending to denote an order; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Fimbriimonadales,
the order of the genus
Fimbriimonas
.

Armatimonadetes / Fimbriimonadia / Fimbriimonadales

The order of the
Fimbriimonadales
consists of the family
Fimbriimonadaceae
in the class
Fimbriimonadia
. The order is currently represented only by the genus
Fimbriimonas
.

Type genus
:
Fimbriimonas
Im, Hu, Kim, Rhee, Meng, Lee and Quan 2012b, 2045
VP
(Effective publication: Im, Hu, Kim, Rhee, Meng, Lee and Quan 2012a, 315).
Association of Pain and Steps Per Day in Persons With Mild‐to‐Moderate, Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis: A Mixed‐Effects Models Analysis of Multiple Measurements Over Three Years
Authors: Brisson Nicholas M. , Gatti Anthony A. , Maly Monica R. 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivePain is a consistently reported barrier to physical activity by persons with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Nonetheless, few studies of knee OA have investigated the association of pain with daily walking levels. The current study assessed the relationship of 2 distinct measures of knee pain with objectively measured physical activity in adults with knee OA.MethodsThis was a longitudinal, observational investigation of 59 individuals (48 women; mean ± SD age 61.1 ± 6.4 years, mean ± SD body mass index 28.1 ± 5.6 kg/m2) with clinical knee OA. Data were collected every 3 months for up to 3 years. Physical activity was characterized as the average steps per day taken over at least 3 days, mea‐sured by accelerometry. Pain was measured using 2 patient‐administered questionnaires: the pain subscale of the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS‐pain) and the P4 pain scale (P4‐pain). Mixed‐effects models determined the association between pain and physical activity levels (over covariates) among adults with knee OA (α = 0.05).ResultsAll covariates (age [β = –3.65, P < 0.001], body mass index [β = –3.06, P < 0.001], season [spring/fall β = –6.91, P = 0.002; winter β = –14.92, P < 0.001]) were predictors of physical activity. Neither the inverted KOOS‐pain (β = 0.04, P = 0.717) nor P4‐pain (β = –0.37, P = 0.264) was associated with physical activity.ConclusionKnee pain is not associated with daily walking levels in persons with mild‐to‐moderate, symptomatic knee OA. While pain management remains an important target of interventions, strategies to increase steps per day in this population should focus on overcoming potentially more crucial barriers to activity participation.
High‐Entropy Oxides: Fundamental Aspects and Electrochemical Properties
Authors: Sarkar Abhishek , Wang Qingsong , Schiele Alexander , Chellali Mohammed Reda , Bhattacharya Subramshu S. , Wang Di , Brezesinski Torsten , Hahn Horst , Velasco Leonardo , Breitung Ben 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHigh‐entropy materials, especially high‐entropy alloys and oxides, have gained significant interest over the years due to their unique structural characteristics and correlated possibilities for tailoring of functional properties. The developments in the area of high‐entropy oxides are highlighted here, with emphasis placed on their fundamental understanding, including entropy‐dominated phase‐stabilization effects and prospective applications, e.g., in the field of electrochemical energy storage. Critical comments on the different classes of high‐entropy oxides are made and the underlying principles for the observed properties are summarized. The diversity of materials design, provided by the entropy‐mediated phase‐stabilization concept, allows engineering of new oxide candidates for practical applications, warranting further studies in this emerging field of materials science.
All‐in‐One Porous Polymer Adsorbents with Excellent Environmental Chemosensory Responsivity, Visual Detectivity, Superfast Adsorption, and Easy Regeneration
Authors: Xie Yiming , Huang Wen , Zheng Bingna , Li Shimei , Liu Qiantong , Chen Zirun , Mai Weicong , Fu Ruowen , Wu Dingcai 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIt remains a formidable challenge to construct advanced adsorbents with superb adsorption, environmental stimuli response, and real‐time detection capability for efficiently treating contaminants from complex environmental systems. A novel class of an all‐in‐one microporous adsorbent that simultaneously has excellent environmental chemosensory responsivity, visual detectivity, superfast micropollutant adsorption, as well as easy regeneration is reported herein. The advanced microporous adsorbent discussed in this study presents a hairy nanospherical morphology composed of a hairy stimuli‐responsive polymeric shell and a shell‐assisted superadsorptive microporous core. The adsorbent not only exhibits a valuable capability of pollutant detection by visible fluorescence quenching, but can also remove organic micropollutants from polluted water with super‐rapid speed (79%, 98%, and 100% of its equilibrium uptake in 7 s, 10 s, and 2 min, respectively) and excellent recyclability (>96%). More importantly, the adsorbent still shows unimpeded adsorption performance in the flow‐through adsorption tests (15 mL min−1), indicating a very appealing application prospect.
Monophosphonic versus Multiphosphonic Acid Based PEGylated Polymers for Functionalization and Stabilization of Metal (Ce, Fe, Ti, Al) Oxide Nanoparticles in Biological Media
Authors: Baldim Victor , Bia Nicolas , Graillot Alain , Loubat Cédric , Berret Jean‐François 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFor applications in nanomedicine, particles need to be functionalized to prevent protein corona formation and/or aggregation. Most advanced strategies take advantage of functional polymers and assembly techniques. Nowadays there is an urgent need for coatings that are tailored according to a broad range of surfaces and that can be produced on a large scale. Herein, we synthesize monophosphonic and multiphosphonic acid based poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) polymers with the objective of producing efficient coats for metal oxide nanoparticles. Cerium, iron, titanium, and aluminum oxide nanoparticles of different morphologies (spheres, platelets, nanoclusters) and sizes ranging from 7 to 40 nm are studied in physiological and in protein rich cell culture media. It is found that the particles coated with monofunctionalized polymers exhibit a mitigated stability over time (<1 week), whereas the multifunctionalized copolymers provide resilient coatings and long‐term stability (> months). With the latter, PEG densities in the range 0.2–0.5 nm−2 and layer thickness about 10 nm provide excellent performances. The study suggests that the proposed coating allows controlling nanomaterial interfacial properties in biological environments.
1D Nanoconfined Ordered‐Assembly Reaction
Authors: Liu Shijie , Zhang Xiqi , Jiang Lei 
Published: March 2019

Abstract1D nanoconfined chemical reactions generally exhibit enhanced performance, as a consequence of nanoconfinement, yet the inherent mechanism of this nanoconfinement‐enhanced performance remains elusive. Here, the authors' perspectives on 1D nanoconfined chemical reactions are first provided, followed by the 1D nanoconfined preassembled reactions. Then, ultrafast mass transport behaviors in biological and artificial nanochannels are discussed and the quantum‐confined superfluid concept is introduced. Inspired by the programmed‐assembly reaction in living organisms, a new concept of ordered‐assembly reaction is proposed through combining quantum‐confined superfluid with frontier molecular orbital theory, to understand the inherent mechanism of high‐performance 1D nanoconfined chemical reactions. Finally, the prospective for future development of the ordered‐assembly reaction concept is presented.