bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined imaging and shimming with the dynamic multi‐coil technique
Authors: Umesh Rudrapatna S. , Fluerenbrock Fabian , Nixon Terence W. , de Graaf Robin A. , Juchem Christoph 
Published: October 2018

PurposeSpatial encoding and shimming in MRI have traditionally been performed using dedicated coils that generate orthogonal spherical harmonic fields. The recently introduced multi‐coil hardware has proven that MRI‐relevant magnetic fields can also be created by a generic set of localized coils producing non‐orthogonal fields. As a step towards establishing a purely multi‐coil‐based MRI field generation system, the feasibility of performing conventional Cartesian k‐space encoding and echo‐planar imaging (EPI), as well as concurrent encoding and shimming is demonstrated in this study.MethodsWe report the use of Dynamic Multi‐Coil Technique (DYNAMITE) for combined Cartesian encoding and shimming, and EPI using a 48‐channel multi‐coil system. Experiments were performed on phantom objects and biological specimens in a 9.4 T pre‐clinical scanner. Cartesian Fourier‐encoded MRI and EPI were implemented whereby the magnetic fields required for encoding of the three orthogonal spatial dimensions were entirely based on linear combinations of multi‐coil fields. Furthermore, DYNAMITE imaging was augmented by concurrent DYNAMITE shimming with the same hardware.ResultsDYNAMITE‐based MR and echo‐planar images were indistinguishable from those acquired with the conventional linear imaging gradients provided by the scanner. In experiments with concurrent DYNAMITE shimming and imaging, shim challenges that would result in extreme spatial distortion and signal loss were corrected very effectively with more than 92% signal recovery in case of extreme Z2 shim challenge that resulted in complete signal dephasing in most slices.ConclusionsWe demonstrate the first successful implementation of combined DYNAMITE imaging and shimming and show the feasibility of performing EPI with DYNAMITE hardware. Our results substantiate the potential of multi‐coil hardware as a full‐fledged imaging and shimming system, with additional potential benefits of reduced echo‐time and risk of peripheral nerve stimulation while performing EPI.
The theory of a co‐creative process in advanced palliative home care nursing encounters: A qualitative deductive approach over time
Authors: Bergdahl Elisabeth , Ternestedt Britt‐Marie , Berterö Carina , Andershed Birgitta 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAims and objectivesThe aim of this study was to test the theoretical conceptualization of the co‐creative process in home care nursing encounters over time.Method and designThis was a multiple case study with a deductive analysis of qualitative data over time, using interviews and observations collected from three cases.ResultsThe co‐creative process was complex and contained main, sub‐ and micro‐processes. Time was important and valuable, giving the patient and relatives space to adjust the process to their own pace. Some processes were worked on more intensively in accordance with the patients’ and relatives’ needs, and these are considered the main‐process. The further developed theory of the co‐creative process and its main, sub‐ and microprocesses can be understood as a concretization of how good nursing care can be performed within caring relationships in the context of advanced palliative home care.
Incumbent bureaucrats: Why elections undermine civil service reform in Indonesia
Authors: Berenschot Ward 
Published: October 2018

SummaryThis article develops an explanation for why democratisation processes sometimes fail to foster effective civil service reform. Using ethnographic fieldwork on the evolving relationship between civil servants and politicians in Lampung, a rural backwater in the southern tip in Sumatra, this paper attributes the ineffectiveness of bureaucratic reform measures in Indonesia to the way in which elections trigger competition over control over state resources. I argue that a merit‐based bureaucracy is particularly difficult to institute when a local bureaucracy enjoys strong discretionary control over the distribution of state resources. During Suharto's authoritarian regime, this control rested largely in the hands of bureaucrats. This authoritarian legacy generates strong incentives for politicians to prefer loyal bureaucrats over capable ones. Politicians need to use bureaucratic appointments as a means to obtain campaign support and to develop control over state resources. In developing these arguments, this paper offers an approach to incorporate informal and clientelistic dimensions of politics more explicitly into analyses of processes of bureaucratic reform.
Steric effects on normal and abnormal acyclic, cyclic‐saturated, and cyclic‐unsaturated diaminocarbenes using DFT method
Authors: Kassaee M.Z. , Khorshidvand N. , Ahmadi A.A. , Cummings P.T. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSteric effects are probed on the multiplicity, stability, and reactivity of normal 2,4‐disubstituted and abnormal 2,5‐disubstituted diaminocarbenes 1R‐3R and 1′R‐3′R, respectively, at B3LYP/6‐311++G** level (R = H, Me, Et, i‐Pr, t‐Bu). All optimized structures appear with singlet ground states. In comparison with acyclic normal (1R) and abnormal (1′R), one observes cyclic normal (2R) and abnormal (2′R) as well as cyclic‐unsaturated normal (3R) and abnormal (3′R) exhibit a decrease in nucleophilicity (N) and proton affinity (PA) in going from 1R → 2R → 3R, and in going from 1′R → 2′R → 3′R (except PA in 3′R). On the account of higher reactivity and lower stability of 3′R, PA increases in going from 2′R to 3′R. The singlet‐triplet energy gaps (ΔES‐T) and the energy difference between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy of the compound, HOMO‐LUMO energy gaps (ΔEH‐L) increase in going from 1R → 2R → 3R, and in going from 1′R to 2′R. In contrast, the stability of abnormal species decreases in going from the cyclic‐saturated 2′R, to cyclic‐unsaturated diaminocarbenes 3′R. Isodesmic reactions indicate that both normal and abnormal diaminocarbenes 1R and 1′R, as well as 3R and 3′R become more stable in the presence of heteroatoms. The abnormal ones become more stable than the corresponding normal carbenes. The larger the substituent (R) the greater is the stability effect of the heteroatom.
Double Field Theory for the A/B‐Models and Topological S‐Duality in Generalized Geometry
Authors: Kökényesi Zoltán , Sinkovics Annamária , Szabo Richard J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe study AKSZ‐type BV constructions for the topological A‐ and B‐models within a double field theory formulation that incorporates backgrounds with geometric and non‐geometric fluxes. We relate them to a Courant sigma‐model, on an open membrane, corresponding to a generalized complex structure, which reduces to the A‐ or B‐models on the boundary. We introduce S‐duality at the level of the membrane sigma‐model based on the generalized complex structure, which exchanges the related AKSZ field theories, and interpret it as topological S‐duality of the A‐ and B‐models. Our approach leads to new classes of Courant algebroids associated to (generalized) complex geometry.
Facile Reagent‐Free Synthesis of Furo[3,2‐c]pyridinones and Their Polynuclear Analogues with DDQ as Precursor
Authors: Li Jiang‐Sheng , Yang Qian , Chen Guo‐Qin , Li Zhi‐Wei , Huang Peng‐Mian 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA variety of furo[3,2‐c]pyridinones and their polynuclear analogues were achieved via a one‐step oxidative cyclization using 2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyanobenzoquinone (DDQ) as both the oxidant and the building block without auxiliary reagents under very mild conditions. The 4‐hydroxylpyridinones, pyranones, and pyrimidinones are applicable in such transformations, demonstrating the astonishing generality of this furan assembly. This powerful protocol enables ready access to furan‐fused heterocycles.
Correlates of hair cortisol concentrations in disadvantaged young children
Authors: Simmons Julian G. , Azpitarte Francisco , Roost Fatou Diallo , Dommers Eric , Allen Nicholas B. , Havighurst Sophie , Haslam Nick 
Published: October 2018

AbstractChildren from highly disadvantaged families tend to experience worse health, educational, and job outcomes than less disadvantaged peers. However, the mechanisms underlying these relationships remain to be explicated. In particular, few studies have investigated the relationships between the psychosocial influences that children are exposed to early in life and longer term cortisol output. This study aims to contribute to the literature by exploring how disadvantaged young children's experiences of family adversity, and parenting and family functioning, are related to their long‐term cortisol levels. A sample of 60 children (26 males, mean = 4.25 years, SD = 1.68) and their mothers (mean = 34.18 years, SD = 7.11) from a low‐income population took part in a single assessment. Mothers completed questionnaires on the family environment, parenting practices, and child behaviour. Children provided a hair sample for cortisol assay and anthropometric measures. A parsimonious multivariate regression model (including potential predictors identified by a selection algorithm) was used to investigate the correlates of hair cortisol concentration (HCC) in children. Higher levels of social exclusion, being male, and younger age were each associated with higher HCC. Maternal nurturing and emotion coaching were associated with lower HCC. Findings suggest that chronic stress may underlie relationships between adversity and its long‐term effects and that HCC offers a promising method for examining chronic stress in children and evaluating interventions by which it can be ameliorated.
Reduction of seismic input motion through adjusting contact length of foundation side walls to surrounding medium
Authors: Fallahzadeh Farashahi Pouran , Jahankhah Hossein 
Published: October 2018

SummaryThis study reviews possibilities of reducing the ordinates of foundation input motion by dictating partial contact of foundation side walls to surroundings. Here, the foundation is considered as a strip embedded inclusion with variable contact length to nearby medium. A newly proposed net input motion that replaced horizontal and rotational input motions with a single horizontal history is considered as the controlling record to explore the partial contact effects. The analysis is done in two stages using finite element method. First, in frequency domain, kinematic transfer functions are examined. Then iso‐valued spectral representation of seismic input modifications, on account of incomplete contact factor, is explored. The results show that for contact length of about half of the foundation depth, response spectra reach the lowest values with respect to other ratios of contact length. At last, as a sample, the input motion at different levels of main pier of San Francisco Bay Bridge is investigated. Three states of full, partial, and zero contact of foundation perimeter to nearby medium are considered, and total acceleration, total displacement, and relative displacements are reported. The results show the beneficial effect of partial contact to reduce the intensity of foundation input motion.
Diacetyl control during brewery fermentation via adaptive laboratory engineering of the lager yeast Saccharomyces pastorianus
Authors: Gibson Brian , Vidgren Virve , Peddinti Gopal , Krogerus Kristoffer 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Diacetyl contributes to the flavor profile of many fermented products. Its typical buttery flavor is considered as an off flavor in lager-style beers, and its removal has a major impact on time and energy expenditure in breweries. Here, we investigated the possibility of lowering beer diacetyl levels through evolutionary engineering of lager yeast for altered synthesis of α-acetolactate, the precursor of diacetyl. Cells were exposed repeatedly to a sub-lethal level of chlorsulfuron, which inhibits the acetohydroxy acid synthase responsible for α-acetolactate production. Initial screening of 7 adapted isolates showed a lower level of diacetyl during wort fermentation and no apparent negative influence on fermentation rate or alcohol yield. Pilot-scale fermentation was carried out with one isolate and results confirmed the positive effect of chlorsulfuron adaptation. Diacetyl levels were over 60% lower at the end of primary fermentation relative to the non-adapted lager yeast and no significant change in fermentation performance or volatile flavor profile was observed due to the adaptation. Whole-genome sequencing revealed a non-synonymous SNP in the ILV2 gene of the adapted isolate. This mutation is known to confer general tolerance to sulfonylurea compounds, and is the most likely cause of the improved tolerance. Adaptive laboratory evolution appears to be a natural, simple and cost-effective strategy for diacetyl control in brewing.
N-doped graphene and TiO2 supported manganese and cerium oxides on low-temperature selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3
Authors: Zhao Chunlin , Wu Yanxia , Liang Hailong , Chen Xi , Tang Jie , Wang Xianzhong 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
A series of N-doped graphene (NG) and TiO2 supported MnOx–CeO2 catalysts were prepared by a hydrothermal method. The catalysts with different molar ratios of Mn/Ce (6: 1, 10: 1, 15: 1) were investigated for the low-temperature selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO
x
with NH3. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by HRTEM, SEM, XRD, BET, XPS, and NH3-TPD technologies. The characterization results indicated that manganese and cerium oxide particles dispersed on the surface of the TiO2–NG support uniformly, and that manganese and cerium oxides existed in different valences on the surface of the TiO2–NG support. At Mn element loading of 8 wt%, MnO
x
–CeO2(10: 1)/TiO2–1%NG displayed superior activity and improved SO2 resistance. On the basis of the catalyst characterization, excellent catalytic performance and SO2 tolerance at low temperature were attributed to the high content of manganese with high oxidation valence, extensive oxidation of NO into NO2 by CeO2 and strong NO adsorption capacity, and electron transfer of N-doped graphene.
Carbon dioxide adsorption of two-dimensional carbide MXenes
Authors: Wang Bingxin , Zhou Aiguo , Liu Fanfan , Cao Jianliang , Wang Libo , Hu Qianku 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Two-dimensional carbide MXenes (Ti3C2T
x
and V2CT
x
) were prepared by exfoliating MAX phases (Ti3AlC2 and V2AlC) powders in the solution of sodium fluoride (NaF) and hydrochloric acid (HCl). The specific surface area (SSA) of as-prepared Ti3C2T
x
was 21 m2/g, and that of V2CT
x
was 9 m2/g. After intercalation with dimethylsulfoxide, the SSA of Ti3C2T
x
was increased to 66 m2/g; that of V2CT
x
was increased to 19 m2/g. Their adsorption properties on carbon dioxide (CO2) were investigated under 0–4 MPa at room temperature (298 K). Intercalated Ti3C2T
x
had the adsorption capacity of 5.79 mmol/g, which is close to the capacity of many common sorbents. The theoretical capacity of Ti3C2T
x
with the SSA of 496 m2/g was up to 44.2 mmol/g. Additionally, due to high pack density, MXenes had very high volume-uptake capacity. The capacity of intercalated Ti3C2T
x
measured in this paper was 502 V·v–1. This value is already higher than volume capacity of most known sorbents. These results suggest that MXenes have some advantage features to be researched as novel CO2 capture materials.
‘A Very Serious Responsibility’? The MARS Group, Internationally and Relations with CIAM, 1933–39
Authors: Gold John R. 
Published: October 2018

In an interview recorded shortly before his death in 1987, Maxwell Fry recalled the birth of Modern architecture in Great Britain around a half-century earlier. In the course of discussing the work of the Modern Architectural Research (MARS) Group — the society that he had helped to establish in February 1933 and of which he was then the last surviving founder-member — Fry highlighted the links between architects in Britain and their continental European counterparts. Observing that MARS was first established on the basis of an invitation that Wells Coates had received to form a British chapter of the Congrès Internationaux d’Architecture Moderne (CIAM), he noted that the Group had immediately gained an entrée into an international forum that functioned as a unique gathering point for the architectural avant-garde. At the same time, he asserted that membership brought with it commitments that conferred ‘a very serious responsibility’.CIAM was not, of course, the only conduit for the links that MARS members had with the wider world, but in many ways it was the MARS Group’s relationship with the ‘international community of modern architects […] made visible in the foundation of CIAM’ which defined it and differentiated it from other architectural groupings of its day. Most other such bodies initially coalesced around a single manifesto or exhibition and then quickly fell apart when their members found that they had little in common apart from an enthusiasm for Modernism. By contrast, MARS retained an enduring purpose through its membership of CIAM.
Three-dimensional printed degradable splint in the treatment of pulmonary artery sling associated with severe bilateral bronchus stenosis
Authors: Han Yuehu , Yin Qiang , Wang Yuan , Zhao Hongliang , He Jiankang , Gu Chunhu 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPulmonary artery sling is a congenital cardiovascular disease and is usually accompanied by tracheobronchial stenosis. Generally, infants diagnosed with pulmonary artery sling should have surgery. However, the treatment of tracheobronchial stenosis is still controversial. Our team developed a customised, degradable, three-dimensional printed splint and successfully applied it in the treatment of pulmonary artery sling associated with severe bilateral bronchus stenosis. We suggested that three-dimensional printing may be a novel and effective way to treat tracheobronchial stenosis and other diseases in children.
Implications of Brexit on the effectiveness of the UK soft drinks industry levy upon CHD in England: a modelling study
Authors: Seferidi Paraskevi , Laverty Anthony A , Pearson-Stuttard Jonathan , Guzman-Castillo Maria , Collins Brendan , Capewell Simon , O’Flaherty Martin , Millett Christopher 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveAn industry levy on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) was implemented in the UK in 2018. One year later, Brexit is likely to change the UK trade regime with potential implications for sugar price. We modelled the effect of potential changes in sugar price due to Brexit on SSB levy impacts upon CHD mortality and inequalities.DesignWe modelled a baseline SSB levy scenario; an SSB levy under ‘soft’ Brexit, where the UK establishes a free trading agreement with the EU; and an SSB levy under ‘hard’ Brexit, in which World Trade Organization tariffs are applied. We used the previously validated IMPACT Food Policy model and probabilistic sensitivity analysis to estimate the effect of each scenario on CHD deaths prevented or postponed and life-years gained, stratified by age, sex and socio-economic circumstance, in 2021.SettingEngland.SubjectsAdults aged 25 years or older.ResultsThe SSB levy was associated with approximately 370 (95 % uncertainty interval 220, 560) fewer CHD deaths and 4490 (2690, 6710) life-years gained in 2021. Associated reductions in CHD mortality were 4 and 8 % greater under ‘soft’ and ‘hard’ Brexit scenarios, respectively. The SSB levy was associated with approximately 110 (50, 190) fewer CHD deaths in the most deprived quintile compared with 60 (20, 100) in the most affluent, under ‘hard’ Brexit.ConclusionsOur study found the SSB levy resilient to potential effects of Brexit upon sugar price. Even under ‘hard’ Brexit, the SSB levy would yield benefits for CHD mortality and inequalities. Brexit negotiations should deliver a fiscal and regulatory environment which promotes population health.
Quantification of DNA double-strand break induced by radiation in cervix cancer cells: in vitro study
Authors: Vashum Sothing , Singh I Rabi Raja , Das Saikat , Azharuddin KO Mohammed , Vasudevan Prabhakaran 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimDNA double-strand break (DSB) results in the phosphorylation of the protein, H.2AX histone. In this study, the effect of radiotherapy and chemotherapy on DNA DSB in cervical cancer cells is analysed by the phosphorylation of the protein.MethodsThe cervical cancer cells (HeLa cells) were cultured and exposed to ionising radiation. Radiation sensitivity was measured by clonogenic survival fraction after exposing to ionising radiation. Since the phosphorylation of H.2AX declines with time, the DNA damage was quantified at different time points: 1 hour, 3 hours and 1 week after exposed to the radiation. The analysis ofγ-H.2AX was done by Western-blot technique. The protein expression was observed at different dose of radiation and combination of both radiation and paclitaxel.ResultsLow-dose hypersensitivity was observed. By 1 week after radiation at 0·5, 0·8 and 2 Gy, there was no expression of phosphorylated H.2AX. Previous experiments on the expression of phosphorylated H.2AX (γ-H.2AX) in terms of foci analysis was found to peak at 1 hour and subsequently decline with time. In cells treated with the DNA damaging agents, the expression of phosphorylated H.2AX decreases in a dose-dependent manner when treated with radiation alone. However, when combined with paclitaxel, at 0·5 Gy, the expression peaked and reduces at 0·8 Gy and slightly elevated at 2 Gy.FindingsIn this study, the peak phosphorylation was observed at 3 hour post irradiation indicating that DSBs are still left unrepaired.
Family-based cognitive behavioural therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder with family accommodation: case report from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alatiq Yousra , Alrshoud Hind 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFamily accommodation in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) refers to a condition in which a family member assists or facilitates the patient with OCD in performing the compulsion, or provides assurance to minimize or reduce the anxiety level. This condition can be significantly disabling to the individual as well as to the family dynamic. In this case report, a mother of a 14-year-old female patient carried out almost all the compulsive behaviours and rituals for her child. Family-based cognitive behavioural therapy was offered to this case over a 4-month period with a successful treatment outcome. This result provides initial evidence that this type of intervention is suitable for patients from Saudi Arabia, a non-Western culture.