bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A system using patient‐specific 3D‐printed molds to spatially align in vivo MRI with ex vivo MRI and whole‐mount histopathology for prostate cancer research
Authors: Wu Holden H. , Priester Alan , Khoshnoodi Pooria , Zhang Zhaohuan , Shakeri Sepideh , Afshari Mirak Sohrab , Asvadi Nazanin H. , Ahuja Preeti , Sung Kyunghyun , Natarajan Shyam , Sisk Anthony , Reiter Robert , Raman Steven , Enzmann Dieter 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundPatient‐specific 3D‐printed molds and ex vivo MRI of the resected prostate have been two important strategies to align MRI with whole‐mount histopathology (WMHP) for prostate cancer (PCa) research, but the combination of these two strategies has not been systematically evaluated.PurposeTo develop and evaluate a system that combines patient‐specific 3D‐printed molds with ex vivo MRI (ExV) to spatially align in vivo MRI (InV), ExV, and WMHP in PCa patients.Study TypeProspective cohort study.PopulationSeventeen PCa patients who underwent 3T MRI and robotic‐assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALP).Field Strength/SequencesT2‐weighted turbo spin‐echo sequences at 3T.AssessmentImmediately after RALP, the fresh whole prostate specimens were imaged in patient‐specific 3D‐printed molds by 3T MRI and then sectioned to create WMHP slides. The time required for ExV was measured to assess impact on workflow. InV, ExV, and WMHP images were registered. Spatial alignment was evaluated using: slide offset (mm) between ExV slice locations and WMHP slides; overlap of the 3D prostate contour on InV versus ExV using Dice's coefficient (0 to 1); and 2D target registration error (TRE, mm) between corresponding landmarks on InV, ExV, and WMHP. Data are reported as mean ± standard deviation (SD).Statistical TestingDifferences in 2D TRE before versus after registration were compared using the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test (P < 0.05 considered significant).ResultsExV (duration 115 ± 15 min) was successfully incorporated into the workflow for all cases. Absolute slide offset was 1.58 ± 1.57 mm. Dice's coefficient was 0.865 ± 0.035. 2D TRE was significantly reduced after registration (P < 0.01) with mean (±SD of per patient means) of 1.9 ± 0.6 mm for InV versus ExV, 1.4 ± 0.5 mm for WMHP versus ExV, and 2.0 ± 0.5 mm for WMHP versus InV.Data ConclusionThe proposed system combines patient‐specific 3D‐printed molds with ExV to achieve spatial alignment between InV, ExV, and WMHP with mean 2D TRE of 1–2 mm.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 1J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:270–279.
Pacemaker‐mediated arrhythmias
Authors: Alasti Mohammad , Machado Colin , Rangasamy Karthikeyan , Bittinger Logan , Healy Stewart , Kotschet Emily , Adam David , Alison Jeff 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPacemakers can be directly involved in initiating or sustaining different forms of arrhythmia. These can cause symptoms such as dyspnea, palpitations, and decompensated heart failure. Early detection of these arrhythmias and optimal pacemaker programming is pivotal. The aim of this review article is to summarize the different types of pacemaker‐mediated arrhythmias, their predisposing factors, and mechanisms of prevention or termination.
Cardiac resynchronization therapy outcomes in patients under nonoptimal medical therapy
Authors: Alvarez‐Alvarez Belén , García‐Seara Javier , Martínez‐Sande Jose L. , Rodríguez‐Mañero Moisés , Fernández López Xesús A. , González‐Melchor Laila , Agra Bermejo Rosa M. , Iglesias‐Alvarez Diego , Sampedro Francisco Gude , Díaz‐Louzao Carla , González‐Juanatey José R. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundCardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is indicated in symptomatic heart failure (HF) patients after achieving optimal medical therapy (OMT). However, many patients may not be under OMT when the CRT device is implanted. Here, we evaluate the long‐term benefits of CRT in symptomatic HF patients receiving or not OMT.MethodsWe investigated the effect of OMT on HF developing or death in 328 consecutive patients with a CRT device implanted between 2005 and 2015 in a single tertiary center. After the CRT implant, we categorized the patients into three groups: no OMT, OMT at baseline and after 1 year of follow‐up, and OMT only at the 1‐year follow‐up but not at baseline. We used multivariate Cox proportional hazards model to determine the effect of OMT on clinical outcomes.ResultsOne hundred and twenty‐two patients (37.2%) received OMT prior to CRT. OMT at baseline was not associated with a reduced risk of death or HF (HR 0.72; 95% CI 0.50‐1.02; P = 0.067) compared with no‐basal‐OMT patients. After CRT, patients without OMT had a higher risk of death or HF than patients who received OMT in follow‐up (HR 1.72, 95% CI 1.07‐2.78, P = 0.025), and the risk of the patients who received OMT at baseline and at the 1‐year follow‐up was similar to that of the patients who achieved OMT at the 1‐year follow‐up (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.54‐1.50, P = 0.682).ConclusionBasal OMT prior to CRT is not associated with better outcomes in terms of HF/death compared with no basal OMT. The subgroup of patients who achieved OMT at the 1‐year follow‐up exhibited a reduced risk of HF and death compared with patients who did not.
Genetic lineage tracing of targeted cell populations during enthesis healing
Authors: Moser Helen L. , Doe Anton P. , Meier Kristen , Garnier Simon , Laudier Damien , Akiyama Haruhiko , Zumstein Matthias A. , Galatz Leesa M. , Huang Alice H. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTRotator cuff supraspinatus tendon injuries are clinically challenging due to the high rates of failure after surgical repair. One key limitation to functional healing is the failure to regenerate the enthesis transition between tendon and bone, which heals by disorganized scar formation. Using two models of supraspinatus tendon injury in mouse (partial tear and full detachment/repair), the purpose of the study was to determine functional gait outcomes and identify the origin of the cells that mediate healing. Consistent with previous reports, enthesis injuries did not regenerate; partial tear resulted in a localized scar defect adjacent to intact enthesis, while full detachment with repair resulted in full disruption of enthesis alignment and massive scar formation between tendon and enthesis fibrocartilage. Although gait after partial tear injury was largely normal, gait was permanently impaired after full detachment/repair. Genetic lineage tracing of intrinsic tendon and cartilage/fibrocartilage cells (ScxCreERT2 and Sox9CreERT2, respectively), myofibroblasts (αSMACreERT2), and Wnt‐responsive stem cells (Axin2CreERT2) failed to identify scar‐forming cells in partial tear injury. Unmineralized enthesis fibrocartilage was strongly labeled by Sox9CreERT2 while Axin2CrERT2 labeled a subset of tendon cells away from the skeletal insertion site. In contrast to the partial tear model, Axin2CreERT2 labeling showed considerable contribution of Axin2lin cells to the scar after full detachment/repair. Clinical Significance: Clinically relevant models of rotator cuff tendon injuries in mouse enable the use of genetic tools; lineage tracing suggests that distinct mechanisms of healing are activated with full detachment/repair injuries versus partial tear. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:3275–3284, 2018.
Energy and Protein Requirements in Children Undergoing Cardiopulmonary Bypass Surgery: Current Problems and Future Direction
Authors: Zhang Jian , Cui Yan‐Qin , Ma, MD Ze‐Ming , Luo Yi , Chen Xin‐Xin , Li Jia 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCongenital heart disease (CHD) is 1 of the most common congenital malformations, and considerable numbers of infants and young children with CHD undergo cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. It has been increasingly realized that perioperative nutrition support plays an important role in improving clinical outcomes. The purpose of this review, by searching PubMed, was to examine the nutrition conditions in perioperative children with CHD and the main problems in nutrition management in the cardiac intensive care unit (CICU), based on which future directions were proposed. We found that preoperative poor nutrition status is common. This limited reserve of energy and protein is further compounded by the complex metabolic alterations with hypermetabolism, hypercatabolism, and hypoanabolism in the early postoperative course. Knowledge about energy and protein metabolism and requirements in children after cardiopulmonary bypass remains very limited. The current nutrition recommendations in the CICU are based on little evidence. Insufficient energy and protein supply to meet demands remains a norm in the immediate postoperative period. The commonly used predictive equations do not provide accurate estimate of energy requirement in individual patients during the highly dynamic postoperative course. Indirect calorimetry can provide the best estimate of energy requirements for children with CHD in the CICU. Measurement of nitrogen balance is the recommended method to determine the minimal protein requirement. During the early postoperative period, daily measurements of resting energy expenditure using indirect calorimetry and nitrogen balance in each individual child are essential to optimize energy and protein supply to meet requirements.
The Gut Microbiome in Patients with Intestinal Failure: Current Evidence and Implications for Clinical Practice
Authors: Neelis Esther , de Koning Barbara , Rings Edmond , Wijnen René , Nichols Ben , Hulst Jessie , Gerasimidis Konstantinos 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIntestinal failure (IF) is the reduction of gut function or mass below a minimum needed to absorb nutrients and fluids, such that patients are dependent on parenteral nutrition (PN). Patients with IF have an altered gut microbiome. Our aim was to review and evaluate the current evidence on gut microbiome and its metabolic activity, as well as its association with disease characteristics in adults and children with IF. We performed a PubMed literature search for articles published after 2000 using the following terms: intestinal, microbiome, microbiota, short‐chain fatty acids, short bowel syndrome, and PN. Literature search was restricted to human studies only. The gut microbiome diversity is remarkably reduced, and community structure is altered with a noticeable overabundance of Proteobacteria, especially the Enterobacteriaceae family. A substantial increase in Lactobacillus level is often reported in patients with IF. Gut microbiome characteristics have been associated with poor growth, liver disease, D‐lactic acidosis, and duration of intestinal adaptation. Differences in microbiome characteristics have been found between patients receiving PN and those whose guts have adapted and have been weaned off PN. Future research with prospective sample collection should explore the value of the gut microbiome as a biomarker to guide clinical practice and as a modifiable therapeutic target to optimize outcomes of patients with IF.
Comparison of medication history interview conducted via telephone with interview conducted face‐to‐face for elective surgical patients
Authors: Canning Martin L. , Vale Cassandra , Wilczynski Hollie , Grima Geoffrey 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimTo evaluate whether medication history‐taking via telephone interview is an alternative to face‐to‐face medication history‐taking in elective surgical patients planned for admission after surgery.MethodPatients undergoing elective surgery who were planned for post‐procedure admission during an 8‐week period between February and March 2015 were eligible for enrolment. A semi‐structured, scripted medication history interview was performed via telephone on the working day prior to the booked admission date for patients who met the inclusion criteria. Blinded comparator face‐to‐face histories were documented post‐operatively as per standard practice. Discrepancies identified were risk stratified via consensus by a panel of three pharmacists.ResultsSixty‐four patients received a telephone history interview and comparator face‐to‐face interview. The average number of medications was 4.47 for phone history versus 4.64 for face‐to‐face interview (p = 0.247). The average time to conduct a phone history interview was 5.8 min (standard deviation 3.89 min) compared to 6.69 min (standard deviation 5.01 min) (p = 0.176) for interviews conducted face‐to‐face. Omission or documented error of a regular prescription medication occurred with four patients (6.25%). Two errors were deemed clinically significant with the potential to cause moderate discomfort or clinical deterioration.ConclusionMedication history interviews via telephone are a suitable alternative to face‐to‐face medication history‐taking in low‐risk elective surgical patients who are unable or not required to attend an elective procedures admission clinic.
Detection of microscopic traces of explosive residues on textile fabrics by Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Videira‐Quintela Diogo , Zapata Félix , García‐Ruiz Carmen 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDirect or cross‐contamination of explosive residues on clothing is of high occurrence when handling explosive materials, leading to physically trapped particles between the fibres. In this work, the detection and identification of trace amounts of organic explosives, inorganic explosives, and oxidizing salts trapped between the fibres of dyed and undyed synthetic and natural textile clothing fabrics were studied using two (desktop and portable) confocal Raman microscopes. The results show that, despite the contribution of the textile fabric in terms of fluorescence and vibrational bands coming from the fibres and dyes, detection and identification of the explosive/oxidizing salt particles trapped on highly interfering surfaces was possible. Limits of detection were estimated in the nanogram/picogram range depending on the explosive and fabric. However, problems involving the burning of either some explosive particles or dark cloth textiles were verified, which can cause a destruction of the sample. Also, the analysis of improvised homemade explosives (potassium nitrate mixed with 10 different fuel substances) was studied to evaluate possible interferences.
A Prospective Study of Psychiatric Symptoms Among Adolescents After the Wenchuan Earthquake
Authors: Geng Fulei , Liang Yingxin , Shi Xuliang , Fan Fang 
Published: August 2018

AbstractNatural disaster exposure is associated with increased risk of mental health problems. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, course, and risk factors of probable psychiatric disorders among 1,573 adolescents following the May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China. Symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, panic disorder (PD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), separation anxiety disorder (SAD), social phobia (SP), conduct disorder (CD), and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were assessed at 6 and 18 months postearthquake using a battery of standardized measures. Approximately 62.9% and 56.1% of the sample, respectively, had at least one probable psychiatric disorder at 6 and 18 months postearthquake. The most common disorders were PTSD, depression, PD, GAD, and ADHD. With regard to the course of disorders, PTSD, GAD, PD, SAD. and ADHD decreased; SP and CD remained stable; and depression increased. Generalized estimating equations models showed that female sex, older age, having experienced the death or injury of family members, being a direct witness of tragic scenes, low social support, and a high level of negative life events were risk factors for most disorders, odds ratios (ORs) = 1.3–20.8. However, logistic regressions indicated that earthquake exposure variables were specifically related to persistent PTSD, ORs = 2.0–2.5, and negative life events were associated with persistent depression, ORs = 2.4–5.3. Various psychiatric symptoms are pervasive, intense, and persistent among adolescent survivors. Systematic and periodic screening are needed to closely monitor the onset, course, and risk factors of mental health problems after disasters.
Wind erosion enhanced by land use changes significantly reduces ecosystem carbon storage and carbon sequestration potentials in semiarid grasslands
Authors: Li Ping , Liu Lingli , Wang Jing , Wang Zhenhua , Wang Xin , Bai Yongfei , Chen Shiping 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWind erosion exerts a fundamental influence on the biotic and abiotic processes associated with ecosystem carbon (C) cycle. However, how wind erosion under different land use scenarios will affect ecosystem C balance and its capacity for future C sequestration is poorly quantified. Here, we simulated different intensities of land uses in Inner Mongolia: control, 50% of vegetation mowed (50 M), 100% vegetation mowed (100 M), and tillage (TI). We monitored abiotic C flux caused by wind erosion, net ecosystem exchange (NEE), and soil characteristics from 2013 to 2016. We found that the frequency of heavy wind exerts a fundamental control over the severity of soil erosion, and its interaction with precipitation and vegetation characteristics explained 69% of the variation in erosion intensity. With increases in land use intensity, the abiotic C flux induced by wind erosion increased rapidly, equivalent to 33%, 86%, 111%, and 183% of the NEE of natural steppe in the control, 50 M, 100 M, and TI sites, respectively. The erosion‐induced decrease in fine fraction soils led to 31%, 43%, and 85% permanent losses of C sequestration potential in the surface soil for 50 M, 100 M, and TI sites. Overall, our study demonstrates that the abiotic C flux associated with wind erosion is too large to be ignored. The loss of C‐enriched fine particles not only reduces the current ecosystem C content but also results in an irreversible loss of future soil C sequestration potential. These dynamic soil characteristics need to be considered when projecting future ecosystem C balance in aeolian landscapes.
Comparative analysis of early immune responses induced by two strains of Newcastle disease virus in chickens
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Ren Mengting , Liu Chenggang , Xu Liwen , Wang Fangfang , Han Zongxi , Shao Yuhao , Ma Deying 
Published: August 2018

AbstractNewcastle disease, caused by virulent strain of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), is an acute, highly contagious disease that is prevalent worldwide and is responsible for serious economic losses to the poultry industry. In the current study, we compared the early immune responses in chickens infected with two strains of velogenic NDV, a duck origin, named GD strain (Md/CH/LGD/1/2005, genotype VIId), and an chicken origin, F48E9 strain (genotype IX). The viral RNA level of GD strain was significantly higher than those of F48E9 in most tissues of chicken. Furthermore, the high level of viral RNA of the GD strain was associated with a stronger immune response compared to that of F48E9, characterized by upregulated expression of some of avian β‐defensins and cytokines, most of toll‐like receptors, and some of the other immune‐related genes investigated. This study thus demonstrated differences in host early immune responses to the two NDV strains. Further studies are needed to characterize the basic molecular mechanisms involved in the host responses in chickens infected by the two NDV strains.
Core bacterial community composition of a cryptoendolithic ecosystem in the Grand Staircase‐Escalante National Monument, Utah
Authors: Kaur Sukhpreet , Kurtz HD 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCryptoendolithic bacterial communities in the Jurassic Navajo Sandstones play an important ecological role in this ecosystem. Developing a better understanding of the role of these cryptoendolithic communities required a deeper knowledge of the microbial diversity present. We analyzed the bacterial diversity in eight sandstones samples from several microgeological features associated with a large sandstone dome. Cryptoendolithic bacterial diversity is clustered into three distinct groups which correlated with topography, suggesting the duration of water retention might be a factor. Comparisons of diversity between each cluster showed that a core bacterial community exists in this habitat. The overall bacterial community structure was dominated by Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria. The most prevalent genera in cyanobacteria were Leptolyngbya, Chroococcidiopsis, and unclassified cyanobacteria accounting for the bulk of cyanobacterial sequences. Within the Proteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria were the largest class detected, with members of the Acetobacteraceae, particularly the genus Acidiphilium, being the most abundant. Acidiphilium spp. are capable of aerobic ferric iron reduction under moderately acidic conditions, explaining the high levels of iron (II) in this system. This study highlights the extent of unexplored bacterial diversity in this habitat system and sets the premise for elaborating on the ecological function of cryptoendolithic communities.
Volumetric assessment of spontaneous mechanical activities by simultaneous multi‐slice MRI techniques with correlation to muscle fiber orientation
Authors: Schwartz Martin , Martirosian Petros , Steidle Günter , Erb Michael , Stemmer Alto , Yang Bin , Schick Fritz 
Published: August 2018

The purpose of this work was assessment of volumetric characteristics of spontaneous mechanical activities in musculature (SMAMs) by diffusion‐weighted simultaneous multi‐slice (DW‐SMS) imaging and spatial correlation to anatomical structure, as revealed by fusion to fiber tractographic information derived from diffusion‐tensor imaging (DTI).The feasibility of using DW‐SMS to image spontaneous events in human musculature was assessed by phantom measurements. Series of DW‐SMS images and DTI datasets were recorded from the resting calf of three human subjects. Simultaneously recorded SMAMs in multiple slices were analyzed regarding spatial extension by the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Direct correlation of spatial distribution of SMAMs and fiber orientation was investigated by mapping of muscle fibers to multi‐slice SMAM datasets.The DW‐SMS strategy allows simultaneous assessment of SMAMs in several slices of resting skeletal musculature, since 73.9% of SMAM‐affected volumes have shown SMAMs in multiple DW‐SMS slices. Spatial extension of SMAMs was highly correlated over different simultaneously recorded DW‐SMS slices, and affected areas followed the orientation of muscle fibers with a connectivity ratio up to 57.18 ± 14.80% based on event count and connectivity count maps. In 89.2% of all SMAM‐affected datasets muscle fiber connectivity was shown in at least two adjacent slices.Direct correlation between SMAMs in human lower leg musculature and underlying anatomical structure was revealed by high muscle fiber connectivity (89.2%). SMAMs have shown a wide distribution along the longitudinal muscle direction (73.9% in multiple DW‐SMS slices) with direct involvement of muscle fibers. Correlation between SMAMs in multiple DW‐SMS slices and crossing muscular fiber tracts provides evidence that SMAMs result from physiological processes in musculature. Fusion of DW‐SMS with DTI facilitates non‐invasive studies of muscle fiber involvement in SMAMs in resting muscle.