bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emerging Adult Risky Sexual Behavior Predicted by Parental Overprotection: Moderated Mediation Analysis
Authors: Moussa Rogers Mary , McKinney Cliff 
Published: September 2018

Parental control behaviors are suggested to be related to emerging adult outcomes, such as risky sexual behavior. Although parental control behaviors are more likely to be considered protective against risky sexual behavior, the relation between parental overprotection and risky sexual behavior is unclear. Furthermore, parental overprotection may influence peer selection and prosocial behaviors in emerging adults, which may in turn influence outcomes of risky sexual behavior, as suggested by primary socialization theory. Thus, the current study investigated the relations among paternal and maternal overprotection, emerging adult peer alienation, and risky sexual behavior, and expanded on these relations by examining gender effects of both parents and children. The sample consisted of 505 participants (228 males and 277 females) ranging in age from 18 to 25 years. Analyses were conducted with AMOS path analysis and indicated that peer alienation mediated the effect between both maternal and paternal perceived overprotection and risky sexual behavior, but more strongly for males, suggesting moderated mediation. Overall, parental overprotection may be protective against risky sexual behavior via pathways that are harmful such as peer alienation, thus recommending research continues to clarify the nuances of these relations.
Spatial segregation of striped marlin (Kajikia audax) by size in the eastern Pacific Ocean
Authors: Acosta‐Pachón Tatiana A. , Muzquiz‐Villalobos Mariana L. , Ortega‐García Sofia , Martínez‐Rincón Raúl O. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractStriped marlin (Kajikia audax) is an epipelagic fish distributed in oceanic and coastal waters of the Pacific Ocean. This species is usually found in warm and coastal waters with high primary productivity. The main goal of this study was to describe the spatial segregation of striped marlin by average Eye‐Fork length (EFL) in the eastern Pacific Ocean (EPO) and its relationship with environmental variables using EFL data obtained from tuna purse‐seining and Generalized Additive Models (GAMs). The model suggested that larger individuals of striped marlin were more likely to be found in waters with high Chlorophyll‐a concentration (>2 mg/m3) and with temperatures lower than 25°C, within a region known as the “cold tongue” and the Humboldt current system, while smaller individuals were more likely to be found in warmer and low productive areas within a region known as the “warm pool of the EPO.” We observed that set type caused a large variation on average EFL of striped marlin; larger fish were captured in sets associated with floating objects (natural and manmade), while smaller fish were captured in sets associated with dolphins. Despite this, our findings suggest that striped marlin has a latitudinal gradient in average EFL; larger individuals occurred predominantly south of 10°N, while smaller ones occurred predominantly in coastal waters between 10°N and 20°N, thus demonstrating a spatial segregation of the species affected by its maturity stage.
The different perspectives of patients, informal caregivers and professionals on patient involvement in primary care teams. A qualitative study
Authors: Doekhie Kirti D. , Strating Mathilde M. H. , Buljac‐Samardzic Martina , van de Bovenkamp Hester M. , Paauwe Jaap 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundPatient involvement in the decision‐making process, especially for chronically ill elderly patients, has become an important element of patient‐centred primary care in many countries, including the Netherlands. This study openly explores different perspectives of patients, informal caregivers and primary care professionals on patient involvement in primary care team interactions.MethodsSixty‐four qualitative semi‐structured interviews with chronically ill elderly patients, informal caregivers and primary care professionals from various disciplines. Underpinned by a phenomenology approach, this study used conventional content analysis for data analysis.ResultsParticipants have different views of the roles of patients and informal caregivers in the primary care team and thus different expectations of the extent and level of patient involvement. Three challenges impact patient involvement in the team: (a) patients feel misunderstood and less involved that they would like when professionals take control, (b) patients have to balance the conflicting opinions of different professionals and (c) informal caregivers act undesirably as team leaders due to their own view of the level of patient involvement.Discussion and conclusionPatient involvement is formed in complex interactions between patients, informal caregivers and multiple professionals whose perspectives and expectations can be misaligned. Recognizing the value of patients and informal caregivers on the team could help professionals to understand them better and thus limit the likelihood of challenges arising in team interactions.
Census and contemporary effective population size of two populations of the protected Spanish Moon Moth (Graellsia isabellae)
Authors: Marí‐Mena Neus , Naveira Horacio , Lopez‐Vaamonde Carlos , Vila Marta 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Graellsia isabellae is a protected lepidopteran both in France and Spain; however, there has been considerable debate over its conservation status. Recent literature emphasised the need of monitoring population size in the different mountain ranges where this iconic species occurs.

We used mark–capture–recapture and genotypes of nine molecular microsatellite markers to estimate the census (N) and contemporary effective population size (Ne) of two Spanish populations extending over similar size areas (10–15 km2): Puebla (Eastern Spain) and Ordesa (Western Pyrenees). Only adult males were captured and analysed, as sampling was based on the use of the synthesised female sex pheromone.

Estimates of N were rather different in the two populations: 3398 males in Puebla (95% CI = 2875–4145) and 1500 in Ordesa (95% CI = 1229–1932), although the area occupied by the populations was larger and more densely forested in Ordesa than in Puebla.

Several lines of evidence pointed to a moderate–large contemporary Ne at Puebla (173–178 individuals) and a one‐order of magnitude lower Ne at Ordesa (27–49). Thus, Ne/N ratios were very low (0.026 and 0.01 respectively).

We recommend G. isabellae to be classified as of Least Concern under the IUCN criteria; however, the high temporal fragmentation index and the very low values of the Ne/N ratios obtained for this species, as compared with those recorded for most others, are usually taken as indicators of actual threat for their conservation. As a cautionary measure, managers should aim at maintaining gene flow by ensuring connectivity of Pinus sylvestris in these areas.
Neighbourhood influences on organic buying
Authors: Martínez‐de‐Ibarreta Carlos , Valor Carmen 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPast studies have explained organic buying as a function of sociodemographic or attitudinal consumer's traits and/or as a result of marketing influences. However, in view of mounting evidence of social effects on sustainable consumption, this paper aims to enrich our understanding of the determinants of organic demand by introducing neighbourhood effects in buying models; in particular, using scanner data from Nielsen household panelists of 2012–2013, this study tests the influence on demand of both structural variables (collapsed into a factor labelled “neighbourhood class”) and geographical location of a household, controlling for the influence of household characteristics and other marketing‐related influences (e.g., price). This paper concludes that structural class, rather than household class, positively influences organic milk purchasing. It also shows that relative class can also explain the likelihood of organic buying.
Reflex urine culture testing in an ambulatory urology clinic: Implications for antibiotic stewardship in urology
Authors: Richards Kyle A , Cesario Stacy , Best Sara L , Deeren Susan M , Bushman Wade , Safdar Nasia 
Published: September 2018

ObjectivesTo evaluate the performance characteristics of urinalysis and urine microscopy parameters for predicting urine culture results and to implement a reflex urine culture program.MethodsWe reviewed the charts of all patients presenting to our clinic January–March 2013 and June–August 2014, excluding those who were catheter‐dependent or with urinary diversions. We assessed the association of urinalysis and urine microscopy parameters on urine culture outcomes defining a positive urinalysis as nitrite‐positive and/or the presence of ≥5 white blood cells per high‐powered field with bacteria and a positive urine culture as ≥10 000 colony‐forming units/mL excluding diphtheroids. We carried out logistic regression to assess for predictors of positive urine culture to inform implementation of a reflex urine culture program.ResultsA total of 2764 patients were evaluated. Logistic regression using urinalysis variables identified positive nitrites (odds ratio 18.6, P < 0.001) and large leukocyte esterase (odds ratio 41.8, P < 0.001) as the strongest predictors of positive urine culture. Logistic regression using urine microscopy variables identified >50 white blood cells per high‐powered field (odds ratio 13.6, P < 0.001) and moderate/many bacteria (odds ratio 16.8, P < 0.001) as the strongest predictors of positive urine culture. We used our positive urinalysis definition to implement the reflex urine culture program and noted a 60% reduction in urine culture rates over the first 3 months of implementation.ConclusionsA urine positive for nitrites and/or ≥50 white blood cells per high powered field with bacteria seems to have a strong association with a positive urine culture and the best negative predictive value. A reflex urine culture program is an effective strategy to decrease the rates of unnecessary urine culture and their associated costs.
The immune checkpoint CD96 defines a distinct lymphocyte phenotype and is highly expressed on tumor‐infiltrating T cells
Authors: Lepletier Ailin , Lutzky Viviana P , Mittal Deepak , Stannard Kimberley , Watkins Thomas S , Ratnatunga Champa N , Smith Corey , McGuire Helen M , Kemp Roslyn A , Mukhopadhyay Pamela , Waddell Nicola , Smyth Mark J , Dougall William C , Miles John J 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCD96 has recently been shown to be a potent immune checkpoint molecule in mice, but a similar role in humans is not known. In this study, we provide a detailed map of CD96 expression across human lymphocyte lineages, the kinetics of CD96 regulation on T‐cell activation and co‐expression with other conventional and emerging immune checkpoint molecules. We show that CD96 is predominantly expressed by T cells and has a unique lymphocyte expression profile. CD96high T cells exhibited distinct effector functions on activation. Of note, CD96 expression was highly correlated with T‐cell markers in primary and metastatic human tumors and was elevated on antigen‐experienced T cells and tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes. Collectively, these data demonstrate that CD96 may be a promising immune checkpoint to enhance T‐cell function against human cancer and infectious disease.
Combining Data from New and Traditional Sources in Population Surveys
Authors: Thompson Mary E. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryThis paper is a review of some applications of the combination of data sets, such as combining census or administrative data and survey data, constructing expanded data sets through linkage, combining large‐scale commercial databases with survey data and harnessing designed data collection to be able to make use of non‐probability samples. It is aimed to highlight their commonalities and differences and to formulate some general principles for data set combination.
Psychological and personality differences between male and female veterans in an inpatient interdisciplinary chronic pain program
Authors: Echevarria Baez Melissa , Miller Stephanie N. , Banou Evangelia 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIt is projected that by 2033 the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) will have at least a 10% increase in service utilization among female veterans (Yano et al., 2010), with that number rising each year. Research in the general population has revealed mixed but important findings surrounding the experience and manifestation of chronic pain across gender; therefore, it is important to continue exploration of these characteristics in veteran samples to inform chronic pain treatment efforts in the VA system. The current study explored personality and psychological differences between male and female veterans in an inpatient pain rehabilitation program, using the restructured form of the MMPI‐2 (MMPI‐2‐RF). Analyses revealed fewer psychological and personality differences in female and male veterans with chronic pain than expected, with both groups endorsing high levels of somatic and internalizing difficulties and similar psychological processes underlying pain outcomes. Gender differences demonstrating larger effect sizes are explored, and implications for chronic pain treatment are discussed.
Enhanced NIR photoemission from Bi‐doped aluminoborate glasses via topological tailoring of glass structure
Authors: Cao Jiangkun , Xue Yafei , Peng Jie , Li Xin , Huang MoKang , Xu Shanhui , Yang Zhongmin , Peng Mingying 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBismuth (Bi)‐doped laser glasses with broadband emission are of current interest in the fields of sensing, bio‐imaging, and photonics. For practical applications, it must be considered how to improve the emission efficiency, in particular, for borate glasses with wide glass‐forming range, low melting point, and excellent fiberizing ability. Herein, we experimentally demonstrate that addition of GeO2 to aluminoborate glasses can effectively enhance Bi NIR emission by more than 300 times with prolonged decay time (~500 μs) and good homogeneity, which is, to our best knowledge, seldom achieved in Bi‐doped borate multi‐component glasses. The addition of second glass‐former GeO2, as revealed by detailed optical and structural analysis, leads to the facile regulation on local glass structure, forcing the conversion of aluminum species from AlO5 and AlO6 to AlO4 and consequently pushes the conversion of Bi3+ to Bi+ and Bi0 and stabilizes Bi NIR centers, which finally results in highly enhanced Bi NIR emission. We believe these results could contribute to designing Bi‐activated multi‐component laser glass and fibers with efficient NIR photoemission.
In situ observation of crystallization of mold slag using a digital optical microscope in an infrared furnace
Authors: Zhu Lilong , Wang Qian , Wang Qiangqiang , Zhang Shaoda , He Shengping 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe complete crystallization process of mold slag in the crucible (inner diameter: 6.2 mm) was successfully recorded in situ using a digital optical microscope and image processing software in an infrared furnace (IR‐MOP). The crystallization behavior of non‐volatile mold slag tested with the new method is consistent with the findings of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. Although the volatilization ratios of volatile mold slag during both DSC and SHTT experiments are greater than 8%, it is less than 1.2% during IR‐MOP experiments equipped with an isolated observation system, which explains why the difference in the initial crystallization temperature measured by the three methods was very large. Therefore, IR‐MOP equipped with an isolated observation system can record and accurately measure the crystallization behavior of volatile mold slag.
Low‐temperature sintering of microwave ceramics with high Qf values through LiF addition
Authors: Lai Yuanming , Su Hua , Wang Gang , Tang Xiaoli , Huang Xin , Liang Xiaofeng , Zhang Huaiwu , Li Yuanxun , Huang Ke , Wang Xiao Renshaw 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMicrowave ceramic with low‐sintering temperature is one of the most important classes of material to realize the integration and miniaturization of microwave devices. In this work, in order to simultaneously realize low‐temperature sintering and good microwave dielectric properties, CaMgSi2O6–xLiF was sintered at various sintering temperatures using LiF as a sintering aid. In comparison to CaMgSi2O6 (x = 0) sintered at 1250°C, desirable microwave dielectric properties of εr = 7.45, Qf = 64 800 GHz, and τf = −34 ppm/°C and good chemical compatibility with the Ag electrodes, were achieved sintered at 900°C when adding 2 wt% LiF into CaMgSi2O6. Furthermore, a secondary phase, Li2MgSiO4, occurred at x ≥ 1 wt%, and the densest microstructure was obtained at the x value of ~2 wt%. We propose that the high Qf value and the low‐sintering temperature were obtained through moderate LiF addition, which promotes densification and provides Li as the acceptor dopant. By further verifying in Mg2SiO4 ceramic, our study demonstrates that the approach of adding LiF can realize low‐temperature sintering without jeopardizing the excellent microwave dielectric properties, and can potentially be applied in a wide range of low‐temperature sintering of electronic ceramics.
Indocyanine green retention test in cirrhosis and portal hypertension: Accuracy and relation to severity of disease
Authors: Møller Søren , la Cour Sibbesen Else , Madsen Jan Lysgård , Bendtsen Flemming 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackground and AimsPatients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension often develop complications relating to hepatic excretory dysfunction. The standard measurement of the hepatic excretion is the constant infusion indocyanine green clearance (ICGCI) technique. The ICG 15‐min retention test (ICG‐r15) is faster, more patient friendly, and cheaper. The aims were to compare the ICG‐r15 test with the standard method, to assess relations to patient characteristics and survival, and to assess the ICG‐r15 level in healthy control subjects.MethodsThis study included 68 patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension (Child class A/B/C:17/37/14). All patients underwent a full liver vein catheterization and hemodynamic evaluation with determination of ICG‐r15 and ICGCI as the reference in a subset of 38 patients. Sixteen healthy control subjects were included for compiling a reference interval.ResultsThe ICG‐r15 was increased in the cirrhotic patients with increasing values in parallel with liver dysfunction (15/41/58%) in Child class A/B/C compared with 7% in the controls (P < 0.001). ICG‐r15 correlated highly significantly with the ICGCI (r = −0.96, P < 0.0001) and in a multivariate regression analysis with hepatic venous pressure gradient, markers of liver dysfunction and hyperdynamic circulation (P < 0.05–0.005). In the control group, normal reference values ranged from 0% to 13%. In addition, ICG‐r15 was significantly related to mortality in the patient group (P = 0.02).ConclusionsIndocyanine green‐r15 reflects portal hypertension, the degree of hepatic failure, and survival and may replace the standard ICGCI. A more elaborated reference interval needs to be compiled, and the prognostic value of ICG‐r15 should be validated.
Role of probe‐based confocal laser endomicroscopy‐targeted biopsy in the molecular and histopathological study of gastric cancer
Authors: Park Chan Hyuk , Kim Hyunki , Jo Jeong Hyeon , Hahn Kyu Yeon , Yoon Jung‐Ho , Kim Soon Young , Lee Yong Chan , Noh Sung Hoon , Chung Hyun Cheol , Lee Sang Kil 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackground and AimA high yield of biopsy is mandatory to perform molecular genetic research with endoscopically obtained gastric cancer tissues. We evaluated whether probe‐based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) can increase the yield of endoscopic biopsy for gastric cancer compared with white light endoscopy (WLE).MethodsAll lesions in the pCLE and WLE groups were initially evaluated through WLE. In the pCLE group, lesions were further examined through pCLE. In the pilot study, five and three biopsy specimens were obtained for histopathological examination and tumor marker analysis, respectively. In the confirmatory study, six biopsy specimens for histopathological evaluation were obtained.ResultsA total of 30 gastric cancers and 61 undifferentiated‐type gastric cancers were analyzed in the pilot and confirmatory studies, respectively. The proportion of cancer cells in biopsy samples of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma or signet ring cell carcinoma was higher in the pCLE group than in the WLE group in both the pilot and confirmatory studies (pilot: median proportion, 65% vs 30%, P = 0.010; confirmatory: mean ± standard deviation, 49.5 ± 29.3 vs 29.3 ± 13.7, P = 0.002). The expression ratio of tumor markers including carcinoembryonic antigen, GW112, HOX transcript antisense RNA, and H19 tended to be higher in the pCLE group than in the WLE group.ConclusionProbe‐based confocal laser endomicroscopy‐targeted biopsy provided superior results in terms of the proportion of cancer cells in biopsy samples compared with WLE‐targeted biopsy in gastric cancer with undifferentiated histology.
An observational study of the use of acute hospital care by people with intellectual disabilities in England
Authors: Glover G. , Williams R. , Tompkins G. , Oyinlola J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIntroductionProviding safe, high‐quality admitted‐patient care for people with intellectual disabilities (IDs) requires consideration for their special needs particularly in relation to communication and consent. To make allowance for these special requirements, it would be helpful for hospitals to know how often they are likely to arise. This study set out to identify the amount and patterns of use of acute, non‐psychiatric hospital admitted‐patient care in England by people with ID. Patterns are considered in relation to clinical specialties, modes of admission (emergency or planned) and life stages (children and young people, working age and older adults). In each case, patterns for people with ID are compared with patterns for those without.MethodsDescriptive observational study using a major general practitioner (GP) research database (Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD) linked to routine national statistical records of admitted‐patient care.ResultsOverall people identified by their GP as having ID had higher rates of admitted‐patient care episodes and longer durations of stay than those without. Differences varied considerably between clinical specialties with rates more elevated in medical and paediatric than surgical specialties. Admitted‐patient care rates for women with ID in obstetrics and gynaecology were lower than for other women, while rates for admitted‐patient dental care were much higher for both men and women with ID. In an average English health administrative area with a local population of 250 000 people, at any time, there are likely to be approximately 670 people receiving acute admitted‐patient care. Approximately six of these are likely to have been identified by their GP as having ID. At 0.9% of hospital in‐patients, this is just under twice the proportion in the population.Conclusion and implicationsOur figures are likely to be an underestimate as GP identification of people with ID is known to be far from complete. However, they indicate that the number of people with ID in acute hospital settings is likely to be substantially more than a recent survey of English health services indicated they were aware of. The study is intended to help guide expectations for acute hospitals seeking to audit the completeness of their identification of people with ID and to indicate their likely distribution between clinical specialties.