bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indium Phosphide/Reduced Graphene Oxide Composites as High‐Performance Anodes in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Shuling , Wei Wei , He Xiaodong 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIndium phosphide/reduced graphene oxide (InP/rGO) composites were synthesized successfully through a facile one‐step route at 180 °C. The InP nanoparticles can be anchored uniformly on the surface of rGO nanosheets, forming a stable composite. Moreover, the size and dispersibility of InP nanoparticles can be greatly affected by the added rGO amount. The as‐prepared InP/rGO composites show better electrochemical performance than single‐component rGO nanosheets or InP nanoparticles. But, when the amount of rGO added is 5 mg, the electrochemical performance of InP/rGO composite is optimum. It delivers an initial discharge capacity of 1872 mAh g−1 and the reversible specific discharge capacity can remain at 689 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at a current density of 100 mA g−1. Even at a current density of 500 mA g−1, the reversible specific capacity could still reach 500 mAh g−1. The enhanced electrochemical performances of as‐prepared composites might be attributed to the strong interaction between InP nanoparticles and rGO nanosheets.
Optimized Potentiometric Assay for Non‐invasive Investigation of Skin Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Brainina Khiena Z. , Markina Maria G. , Stozhko Natalia Yu. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe paper presents a new variant of non‐invasive potentiometric method for determination of human skin antioxidant activity (AOA). The use of a porous cellulose acetate membrane as the carrier for reagent solution (potassium hexacyanoferrate (III)) is presented. The increase of reagent shelf life, improvement the reproducibility of the results (during the day Sr≤0.08, interday Sr≤0.13) in comparison with previously described variant is demonstrated. It was shown that the components of the skin hydrolipid mantle and pH do not affect the potentiometric signal. The values of skin AOA determined by the developed method lie in the range 20–4000 μM‐eq. Recovery is Raverage=99 %. The skin of healthy people was studied by the developed method. The obtained results indicate the prospects of using a new non‐invasive approach in the study of the oxidation‐reduction balance of human skin.
Filling the European blank spot—Swiss soil erodibility assessment with topsoil samples
Authors: Schmidt Simon , Ballabio Cristiano , Alewell Christine , Panagos Panos , Meusburger Katrin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSoil erodibility, commonly expressed as the K‐factor in USLE‐type erosion models, is a crucial parameter for determining soil loss rates. However, a national soil erodibility map based on measured soil properties did so far not exist for Switzerland. As an EU non‐member state, Switzerland was not included in previous soil mapping programs such as the Land Use/Cover Area frame Survey (LUCAS). However, in 2015 Switzerland joined the LUCAS soil sampling program and extended the topsoil sampling to mountainous regions higher 1500 m asl for the first time in Europe. Based on this soil property dataset we developed a K‐factor map for Switzerland to close the gap in soil erodibility mapping in Central Europe. The K‐factor calculation is based on a nomograph that relates soil erodibility to data of soil texture, organic matter content, soil structure, and permeability. We used 160 Swiss LUCAS topsoil samples below 1500 m asl and added in an additional campaign 39 samples above 1500 m asl. In order to allow for a smooth interpolation in context of the neighboring regions, additional 1638 LUCAS samples of adjacent countries were considered. Point calculations of K‐factors were spatially interpolated by Cubist Regression and Multilevel B‐Splines. Environmental features (vegetation index, reflectance data, terrain, and location features) that explain the spatial distribution of soil erodibility were included as covariates. The Cubist Regression approach performed well with an RMSE of 0.0048 t ha h ha−1 MJ−1 mm−1. Mean soil erodibility for Switzerland was calculated as 0.0327 t ha h ha−1 MJ−1 mm−1 with a standard deviation of 0.0044 t ha h ha−1 MJ−1 mm−1. The incorporation of stone cover reduces soil erodibility by 8.2%. The proposed Swiss erodibility map based on measured soil data including mountain soils was compared to an extrapolated map without measured soil data, the latter overestimating erodibility in mountain regions (by 6.3%) and underestimating in valleys (by 2.5%). The K‐factor map is of high relevance not only for the soil erosion risk of Switzerland with a particular emphasis on the mountainous regions but also has an intrinsic value of its own for specific land use decisions, soil and land suitability and soil protection.
Synthesis of Film‐Forming Photoactive Latex Particles by Emulsion Polymerization–Induced Self‐Assembly to Produce Singlet Oxygen
Authors: Boussiron Charlène , Le Bechec Mickaël , Petrizza Luca , Sabalot Julia , Lacombe Sylvie , Save Maud 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe design of photoactive polymer substrates producing singlet oxygen under visible light irradiation has great technological potential. Aqueous dispersion of novel photoactive core–shell particles was synthesized by surfactant‐free reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) emulsion polymerization of n‐butyl acrylate. The surface of the nanoparticles is directly decorated thanks to the polymerization‐induced self‐assembly process using a hydrophilic macromolecular chain transfer agent (macro‐CTA) functionalized with the organic photosensitizer. The macro‐CTA was synthesized by statistical copolymerization of acrylic acid and 2‐Rose Bengal ethyl acrylate (RBEA) at 80 °C mediated with 4‐cyano‐4‐[(dodecylsulfanylthiocarbonyl)sulfanyl]pentanoic acid. Monitoring polymerization kinetics of RAFT polymerization highlights that increasing amount of RBEA induces retardation, still more pronounced when using the vinylbenzyl Rose Bengal comonomer. The present work provides insight into the quantum yield of singlet oxygen production in water (ΦΔ = 0.2–0.6) for the three types of synthesized polymers (hydrophilic polymer, latex particles, and polymer film). The photoactive core–shell latex particles enabled the easy preparation of photoactive polymer film by simple casting.
Near‐surface ventilation as a key for modeling the thermal regime of coarse blocky rock glaciers
Authors: Pruessner Luisa , Phillips Marcia , Farinotti Daniel , Hoelzle Martin , Lehning Michael 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn a changing climate, ice‐rich permafrost features such as rock glaciers will experience drastic changes. Modeling the heat transport through the blocky surface layer with its large interstitial pore spaces poses some challenges as various modes of non‐conductive heat transport—advective forms in particular—can occur. Here, we show that the 1D physics‐based model SNOWPACK can be used with a suitably adapted parameterization of ventilation to represent heat transport with reasonable accuracy. To do so, only one site‐specific parameter, which is linked to the size of the pores in the blocky layer, is used. Inclusion of this ventilation parameterization is shown to be important for modeling the thermal regime at three experimental sites in the Swiss Alps. Furthermore, it could be shown that (i) snow depth dynamics exert a strong control on the thermal regime, (ii) the ice‐content stratigraphy needs to be known precisely and (iii) the augmented heat flux through the blocky layer caused by ventilation in both snow and blocks is important.
True sustainable development of green technology: The influencers and risked moderation of sustainable motivational behavior
Authors: Chen Shang‐Yu 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTo explore the essence of sustainable behaviour, a comparison was made between users' and non‐users' attitudes towards bike sharing, a green technological mode of transport. The effects of three concepts on the sustainable motivational behaviour of using a bike‐sharing service were studied: (i) the individual's own sustainable consciousness and self‐ability (the sustainable aptitude of an object and the belief in one's skills); (ii) confidence in the service's health and environmental benefits (a positive anticipation of health and environmental benefits); and (iii) other people's sustainable norms (behaviour based on other people's sustainable attitudes). A multi‐group analysis indicated significant differences in the users' and non‐users' path estimates, and a risked moderator was obvious for non‐users' sustainable consciousness. Other people's sustainable norms have a greater effect, particularly for users, and confidence is also a critical mediating factor for non‐users of the green technology for truly sustainable development.
Direct Synthesis of Amides from Oxidative Coupling of Benzyl Alcohols or Benzylamines with N‐Substituted Formamides Using a Cu‐Fe‐Based Heterogeneous Catalyst
Authors: Gupta Shyam Sunder R. , Nakhate Akhil V. , Deshmukh Gunjan P. , Periasamy Selvakannan , Samudrala Priya S. , Bhargava Suresh K. , Lakshmi Kantam Mannepalli 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHere we report a highly active and recyclable Cu−Fe based heterogeneous catalytic system for the oxidative coupling of benzyl alcohols as well as benzylamines with N‐substituted formamides. The Cu−Fe Metal Oxide (Cu−Fe MO) catalyst was prepared by a co‐precipitation method and was characterized by X‐ray diffraction ( XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy ( XPS), Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), Field Emission Gun‐Scanning Electron Microscopy (FEG‐SEM) and N2 physical adsorption techniques. The catalytic activity of the as‐prepared Cu−Fe MO catalyst was evaluated towards amidation reactions and a broad spectrum of aromatic amides have been synthesized in good to moderate yields by oxidative coupling of benzyl alcohols or benzylamines bearing various substituents with N‐substituted formamides. The control experiments revealed that the benzyl alcohol or benzylamine gets converted to an acyl radical and on the other side the N‐substituted formamides form an aminyl radical in presence of the catalyst and tert‐Butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP). Successive coupling of the in‐situ generated acyl and aminyl radicals affords the desired product amide. Furthermore, the heterogeneous Cu−Fe MO catalyst recycled for four times towards the amidation of benzyl alcohol and the fidelity of the spent catalyst has been confirmed by XRD analysis.
Assessment of frequency performance by wind integration in a large‐scale power system
Authors: Castellanos Bustamante Rafael , Roman Messina Arturo , Ramirez Gonzalez Miguel , Calderon Guizar Guillermo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractLarge‐scale grid integration of wind energy particularly in the southeastern portion of the Mexican interconnected power system has affected available transfer capability and imposed additional uncertainty on power system operation. Integrating large amounts of wind energy into the system is challenging because of the variability in power system dynamics and a more complex active and reactive power dispatch.Wind plants have been installed in the Mexican systems during the past few years. The total installed wind energy capacity of the system is around 2.5 GW; the total wind energy generation represents 4% of current installed generation in the Mexican system. Increase of the wind power is expected to have an impact on power system control and transient behavior, especially as the amount of wind generation represents a significant portion of the local generation and wind farms grow in size and complexity.Using recent planning and operation wind data, detailed studies on the effects of new wind generation on power system dynamic behavior are carried out. Analyses of the dynamic impact of large wind parks on power system dynamic performance are conducted. Operating impact studies include frequency behavior and the response of wind farms to major disturbances.Simulation studies on a realistic 4000‐bus dynamic model of the Mexican interconnected system show that large wind generating plants have a significant effect on system dynamic behavior.
Longitudinal, reciprocal relationships between family management and antisocial peer associations
Authors: Mehus Christopher J. , Forster Myriam , Chan Gary , Hemphill Sheryl A. , Toumbourou John W. , McMorris Barbara J. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTIntroductionPoor family management and antisocial peer associations are related risk factors for negative outcomes such as adolescent substance misuse and conduct disorders. The relationship between family management and antisocial peer associations is complex. The purpose of this study was to test the reciprocal relationships between youth‐reports of poor family management and antisocial peer associations over multiple time‐points.MethodsWe used four data points (5th‐11th grade) from the Australian arm of the longitudinal International Youth Development Study (IYDS) to test a random‐intercepts cross‐lagged path model (N = 922).ResultsThe model fit the data well with path estimates showing that poor family management predicted greater antisocial peer associations at the next wave but not the reverse. A second model included a third autoregressive path to control for youth's own antisocial behavior; the direction of the relationships between poor family management and antisocial peer associations did not change.ConclusionsThese results indicate that across adolescence poor family management predicts greater antisocial peer association, which provides evidence that family‐focused interventions are an important prevention strategy even in adolescence.
Practice Patterns Among Korean Urologists for Glans Penis Augmentation Using Hyaluronic Acid Filler in the Management of Premature Ejaculation
Authors: Jeong Hyeong Guk , Ahn Sun Tae , Kim Jong Wook , Seo Kyung Keun , Lee Dong Soo , Uh Hong Sun , Kim Je Jong , Moon Du Geon 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Introduction
Glans penis augmentation (GPA) using hyaluronic acid (HA) gel has been developed for treating premature ejaculation (PE) with penile hypersensitivity. The injected HA filler creates a barrier that reduces the tactile stimuli to the hypersensitive dorsal nerve. Although the HA filler is biodegradable and is believed to not cause permanent loss of sexual function, the current International Society for Sexual Medicine guideline for PE does not recommend this procedure owing to concerns regarding sexual dysfunction.

Aim
To investigate the practice patterns for GPA using HA filler among Korean urologists, and to identify whether urologist experienced patient reports of sexual dysfunction post-treatment.

Methods
Between March 2016 and July 2016, a specially designed questionnaire was mailed to 86 selected Korean urologists who had used injectable materials to treat PE.

Main Outcome Measures
The prevalence and awareness of sexual dysfunction after GPA using HA filler were evaluated.

Results
Overall, 56 urologists completed the survey (response rate: 69.2%), of which 36 (64.3%) had performed GPA using HA filler. They reported having performed a combined total of 4,344 such GPA procedures. Most urologists (72.7%) performed GPA using HA filler in patients who benefit from topical anesthetics. Patients with a history of failed pharmacotherapy (59.1%) and selective dorsal nerve neurotomy (45.5%) were selected for GPA using HA filler. The respondents (44.4%) encountered overall 206 (4.7%) cases of patients reports of recurrence of PE. Interestingly, only 36 (0.8%) cases of glans pain or paresthesia and no cases of erectile dysfunction post-treatment were reported.

Conclusion
Korean urologists performed GPA using HA filler when pharmacotherapy failed or if there was a response to topical treatment. Paresthesia and hypoesthesia after GPA using HA filler are rare, and no cases of erectile dysfunction were encountered by Korean urologists.
Material Shear Strength Assessment of AU/20SN Interconnection for High Temperature Applications
Authors: Liao L. L. , Chiang K. N. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWhen a power module is under a continuous electrical load, a temperature effect is induced by the current load in the module configuration. The joint material therefore has long-term temperature and mechanical loadings under supplied power. A long-term temperature load can change the material and mechanical properties, including voiding, cracking, creeping and fracturing. Au/20Sn eutectic alloy, a highly temperature resistant material, is typically used for electric interconnections in high-power modules. The Au/20Sn is converted into AuSn and an Au5Sn intermetallic compound (IMC) by solid liquid inter-diffusion (SLID) bonding to form joints with high melting points. In this study, a test vehicle based on an actual power module was designed and fabricated to investigate and understand the material properties and mechanical behavior of Au/20Sn solder under a temperature load. The joint microstructure exhibited variation under different thermal treatment conditions such as temperature and load durations. The shear strength test was conducted to examine the mechanical strength of the joints under different thermal load conditions. The failure mode of the joint was further determined using fracture morphology after the shear test. Finally, the shear strength of Au/20Sn was identified to investigate the high temperature resistance of joints under different temperatures. The mechanical strengths of joints under different temperature loads are expressions of different mechanical characteristics and can be used to determine reliability at an intended high application temperature.
A New Graphitization System for Radiocarbon Dating with AMS in the Dendrochronological Laboratory at AGH-UST Kraków
Authors: Krąpiec Marek , Rakowski Andrzej , Huels Matthias , Wiktorowski Damian , Hamann Christian 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA new vacuum system for the preparation of graphite samples for radiocarbon (14C) measurement using an accelerator mass spectrometer (AMS) was constructed at the Dendrochronological Laboratory in AGH-UST Kraków. The central part of the system is a manual vacuum line for the production of graphite from carbon dioxide for subsequent AMS measurements. The graphitization system can handle up to five samples simultaneously, and the process lasts for approximately 1 hour. The graphitization line was built to support the preparation of wood samples for a project dedicated to dating a subfossil tree from the Younger Dryas period. For this purpose, the chemical preparation procedure for wood samples was optimized to obtain more reliable results. This includes the extraction of α-cellulose to increase the precision of the age determination. The performance of the system was tested with NIST OxII, IAEA standards (IAEA C3, C5, C6, and C8), and background samples. The results of the 13 samples of subfossil wood were tested and are presented. The methodology gives good reproducibility of results obtained for the samples prepared using this system.
Association of dietary sodium:potassium ratio with the metabolic syndrome in Chinese adults
Authors: Li Xiaocheng , Guo Baofu , Jin Di , Wang Yanli , Jiang Yun , Zhu Baichun , Chen Yang , Ma Liankai , Zhou Han , Xie Guoxiang 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSeveral epidemiological studies have investigated that Na or K intakes might be associated with the metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, little evidence has evaluated the association between Na:K ratio and the MetS. In this study, we assessed the association between the dietary Na:K ratio and the MetS. The cross-sectional study was conducted among adults aged 18 years and older in Nanjing, using a multi-stage random sampling method, which resulted in a sample size of 1993 participants. Dietary Na and K intakes were assessed by 3 consecutive days of dietary recollection combined with condiments weighing method. Health-related data were obtained by standardised questionnaires, as well as physical examinations and laboratory assessments. The prevalence rate of the MetS was 36·5 % (728/1993). After adjusting for various lifestyle and dietary factors of the MetS, participants in the highest quartile of dietary Na:K ratio were at a higher risk of developing MetS (OR=1·602; 95 % CI 1·090, 2·353) compared with those in the lowest quartile. Each 1-sd increase in dietary Na:K ratio was associated with a higher risk of prevalent MetS (OR=1·166; 95 % CI: 1·018, 1·336). Among the components of the MetS, dietary Na:K ratio was positively associated with high blood pressure (quartile 3 v. quartile 1: OR=1·656; 95 % CI 1·228, 2·256) and hypertriacylglycerolaemia (quartile 4 v. quartile1: OR=1·305; 95 % CI 1·029, 1·655) in multivariate analysis. These results revealed that higher dietary Na:K ratio significantly increased the risk of the MetS in Chinese adults. Further studies are needed to verify this association.
The effects of nasal irrigation with various solutions after endoscopic sinus surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chen X Z , Feng S Y , Chang L H , Lai X P , Chen X H , Li Xia , Zhang G H 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundNasal irrigation is commonly performed in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis after functional endoscopic sinus surgery. This study systematically assessed the clinical efficacy of nasal irrigation from the medical literature.MethodsThe PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched using a comprehensive strategy, limited to English-language articles, published from October 1971 to March 2017, and comprising human subjects.ResultsA total of 824 trials were identified, 5 of which, involving 331 participants, were included in this systematic review. After selection, only three trials were eligible for inclusion in a meta-analysis. Nasal irrigation using normal saline and various solutions was found to be effective in reducing symptom scores and endoscopic scores for chronic rhinosinusitis patients after functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Comparison of outcome measures, such as eosinophil count reduction, revealed that various solutions are more effective than normal saline alone; however, no statistical significance was found in terms of reduced symptom or endoscopic scores.ConclusionBased on the current limited evidence, nasal irrigation is an effective therapy for chronic rhinosinusitis patients after functional endoscopic sinus surgery. However, when comparing various solutions with normal saline, no significant difference was found in symptom scores or endoscopic scores.
Acquisition of weak syllables in tonal languages: acoustic evidence from neutral tone in Mandarin Chinese
Authors: TANG Ping , YUEN Ivan , XU RATTANASONE Nan , GAO Liqun , DEMUTH Katherine 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWeak syllables in Germanic and Romance languages have been reported to be challenging for young children, with syllable omission and/or incomplete reduction persisting till age five. In Mandarin Chinese, neutral tone (T0) involves a weak syllable with varied pitch realizations across (preceding) tonal contexts and short duration. The present study examined how and when T0 was acquired by 108 Beijing Mandarin-speaking children (3–5 years) relative to 33 adult controls. Lexicalized (familiar) and non-lexicalized (unfamiliar) T0 words were elicited in different preceding tonal contexts. Unlike previous reports, the present study revealed that children as young as three years have already developed a phonological category for T0, exhibiting contextually conditioned tonal realizations of T0 for both familiar and unfamiliar items. However, mastery of adult-like pitch and duration implementation of T0 is a protracted process not completed until age five. The implications for the acquisition of weak syllables more generally are discussed.