bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epitaxial Growth of 1D Atomic Chain Based Se Nanoplates on Monolayer ReS2 for High‐Performance Photodetectors
Authors: Qin Jing‐Kai , Qiu Gang , He Wen , Jian Jie , Si Meng‐Wei , Duan Yu‐Qin , Charnas Adam , Zemlyanov Dmitry Y. , Wang Hai‐Yan , Shao Wen‐Zhu , Zhen Liang , Xu Cheng‐Yan , Ye Peide D. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMixed‐dimensional (0D, 1D, and 3D) heterostructures based on 2D layered materials have been proven as a promising candidate for future nanoelectronics and optoelectronics applications. In this work, it is demonstrated that 1D atomic chain based Se nanoplates (NPs) can be epitaxially grown on monolayer ReS2 by a chemical transport reaction, thereby creating an interesting mixed‐dimensional Se/ReS2 heterostructure. A unique epitaxial relationship is observed with the (110) planes of the Se NPs parallel to the corresponding ReS2 (010) planes. Experimental and theoretical studies reveal that the Se NPs could conjugate with underlying monolayer ReS2 via strong chemical hybridization at heterointerface, which is expected to originate from the intrinsic defects of ReS2. Remarkably, photodetectors based on Se/ReS2 heterostructures exhibit ultrahigh detectivity of up to 8 × 1012 Jones, and also show a fast response time of less than 10 ms. These results illustrate the great advantage of directly integrated 1D Se based nanostructure on planar semiconducting ReS2 films for optoelectronic applications. It opens up a feasible way to obtain mixed‐dimensional heterostructures with atomic interfacial contact by epitaxial growth.
Metal‐Organic Framework Encapsulation Preserves the Bioactivity of Protein Therapeutics
Authors: Wang Congzhou , Sudlow Gail , Wang Zheyu , Cao Sisi , Jiang Qisheng , Neiner Alicia , Morrissey Jeremiah J. , Kharasch Evan D. , Achilefu Samuel , Singamaneni Srikanth 
Published: October 2018

AbstractProtein therapeutics are prone to lose their structure and bioactivity under various environmental stressors. This study reports a facile approach using a nanoporous material, zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8), as an encapsulant for preserving the prototypic protein therapeutic, insulin, against different harsh conditions that may be encountered during storage, formulation, and transport, including elevated temperatures, mechanical agitation, and organic solvent. Both immunoassay and spectroscopy analyses demonstrate the preserved chemical stability and structural integrity of insulin offered by the ZIF‐8 encapsulation. Biological activity of ZIF‐8‐preserved insulin after storage under accelerated degradation conditions (i.e., 40 °C) is evaluated in vivo using a diabetic mouse model, and shows comparable bioactivity to refrigeration‐stored insulin (−20 °C). It is also demonstrated that ZIF‐8‐preserved insulin has low cytotoxicity in vitro and does not cause side effects in vivo. Furthermore, ZIF‐8 residue can be completely removed by a simple purification step before insulin administration. This biopreservation approach is potentially applicable to diverse protein therapeutics, thus extending the benefits of advanced biologics to resource‐limited settings and underserved populations/regions.
Dynamic PEG–Peptide Hydrogels via Visible Light and FMN‐Induced Tyrosine Dimerization
Authors: Liu Hung‐Yi , Nguyen Han D. , Lin Chien‐Chi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPhotoresponsive hydrogels have become invaluable 3D culture matrices for mimicking aspects of the extracellular matrix. Recent efforts have focused on using ultraviolet (UV) light exposure and multifunctional macromers to induce secondary hydrogel crosslinking and dynamic matrix stiffening in the presence of cells. This contribution reports the design of a novel yet simple dynamic poly(ethylene glycol)–peptide hydrogel system through flavin mononucleotide (FMN) induced di‐tyrosine crosslinking. These di‐tyrosine linkages effectively increase hydrogel crosslinking density and elastic modulus. In addition, the degree of stiffening in hydrogels at a fixed PEG macromer content can be readily tuned by controlling FMN concentration or the number of tyrosine residues built‐in to the peptide linker. Furthermore, tyrosine‐bearing pendant biochemical motifs can be spatial‐temporally patterned in the hydrogel network via controlling light exposure through a photomask. The visible light and FMN‐induced tyrosine dimerization process produces a cytocompatible and physiologically relevant degree of stiffening, as shown by changes of cell morphology and gene expression in pancreatic cancer and stromal cells. This new dynamic hydrogel scheme should be highly desirable for researchers seeking a photoresponsive hydrogel system without complicated chemical synthesis and secondary UV light irradiation.
A Highly Porous Copper Electrocatalyst for Carbon Dioxide Reduction
Authors: Lv Jing‐Jing , Jouny Matthew , Luc Wesley , Zhu Wenlei , Zhu Jun‐Jie , Jiao Feng 
Published: October 2018

AbstractElectrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) is an appealing approach toward tackling climate change associated with atmospheric CO2 emissions. This approach uses CO2 as the carbon feedstock to produce value‐added chemicals, resulting in a carbon‐neutral (or even carbon‐negative) process for chemical production. Many efforts have been devoted to the development of CO2 electrolysis devices that can be operated at industrially relevant rates; however, limited progress has been made, especially for valuable C2+ products. Herein, a nanoporous copper CO2 reduction catalyst is synthesized and integrated into a microfluidic CO2 flow cell electrolyzer. The CO2 electrolyzer exhibits a current density of 653 mA cm−2 with a C2+ product selectivity of ≈62% at an applied potential of −0.67 V (vs reversible hydrogen electrode). The highly porous electrode structure facilitates rapid gas transport across the electrode–electrolyte interface at high current densities. Further investigations on electrolyte effects reveal that the surface pH value is substantially different from the pH of bulk electrolyte, especially for nonbuffering near‐neutral electrolytes when operating at high currents.
Metal Oxide Nanocomposites: A Perspective from Strain, Defect, and Interface
Authors: Chen Aiping , Su Qing , Han Hyungkyu , Enriquez Erik , Jia Quanxi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractVertically aligned nanocomposite thin films with ordered two phases, grown epitaxially on substrates, have attracted tremendous interest in the past decade. These unique nanostructured composite thin films with large vertical interfacial area, controllable vertical lattice strain, and defects provide an intriguing playground, allowing for the manipulation of a variety of functional properties of the materials via the interplay among strain, defect, and interface. This field has evolved from basic growth and characterization to functionality tuning as well as potential applications in energy conversion and information technology. Here, the remarkable progress achieved in vertically aligned nanocomposite thin films from a perspective of tuning functionalities through control of strain, defect, and interface is summarized.
Construction of Hierarchically Porous Nanoparticles@Metal–Organic Frameworks Composites by Inherent Defects for the Enhancement of Catalytic Efficiency
Authors: Meng Fanchen , Zhang Suoying , Ma Lu , Zhang Weina , Li Matthew , Wu Tianpin , Li Hang , Zhang Tao , Lu Xiaohua , Huo Fengwei , Lu Jun 
Published: October 2018

AbstractNanoparticles@metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) composites have attracted considerable attention in recent years due to the prominent selective catalytic activity. However, it is highly desirable to develop a simple and universal way to settle the trade‐off between the catalytic efficiency and selectivity. Herein, by employing the thermal instability of inherent defects, hierarchically porous Pt@UiO‐66‐NH2, Pt@UiO‐66, Pt@ZIF‐8, and Au@ZIF‐8 are successfully constructed after annealing at an appropriate temperature, respectively. The generated mesopores in the MOFs can be located around the external nanoparticle to retain the MOF shell for catalytic selectivity. Finally, when tested in olefin hydrogenation, Pt@UiO‐66‐NH2 shows significantly improved catalytic rate and enhanced dynamic selectivity.
Carbon Nanotube Porins in Amphiphilic Block Copolymers as Fully Synthetic Mimics of Biological Membranes
Authors: Sanborn Jeremy R. , Chen Xi , Yao Yun‐Chiao , Hammons Joshua A. , Tunuguntla Ramya H. , Zhang Yuliang , Newcomb Christina C. , Soltis Jennifer A. , De Yoreo James J. , Van Buuren Anthony , Parikh Atul N. , Noy Aleksandr 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBiological membranes provide a fascinating example of a separation system that is multifunctional, tunable, precise, and efficient. Biomimetic membranes, which mimic the architecture of cellular membranes, have the potential to deliver significant improvements in specificity and permeability. Here, a fully synthetic biomimetic membrane is reported that incorporates ultra‐efficient 1.5 nm diameter carbon nanotube porin (CNTPs) channels in a block‐copolymer matrix. It is demonstrated that CNTPs maintain high proton and water permeability in these membranes. CNTPs can also mimic the behavior of biological gap junctions by forming bridges between vesicular compartments that allow transport of small molecules.
Rhenium‐Doped and Stabilized MoS2 Atomic Layers with Basal‐Plane Catalytic Activity
Authors: Yang Shi‐Ze , Gong Yongji , Manchanda Priyanka , Zhang Yu‐Yang , Ye Gonglan , Chen Shuangming , Song Li , Pantelides Sokrates T. , Ajayan Pulickel M. , Chisholm Matthew F. , Zhou Wu 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe development of stable and efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts is essential for the production of hydrogen as a clean energy resource. A combination of experiment and theory demonstrates that the normally inert basal planes of 2D layers of MoS2 can be made highly catalytically active for the HER when alloyed with rhenium (Re). The presence of Re at the ≈50% level converts the material to a stable distorted tetragonal (DT) structure that shows enhanced HER activity as compared to most of the MoS2‐based catalysts reported in the literature. More importantly, this new alloy catalyst shows much better stability over time and cycling than lithiated 1T‐MoS2. Density functional theory calculations find that the role of Re is only to stabilize the DT structure, while catalysis occurs primarily in local Mo‐rich DT configurations, where the HER catalytic activity is very close to that in Pt. The study provides a new strategy to improve the overall HER performance of MoS2‐based materials via chemical doping.
Merits and Challenges of Ruddlesden–Popper Soft Halide Perovskites in Electro‐Optics and Optoelectronics
Authors: Chen Zhizhong , Guo Yuwei , Wertz Esther , Shi Jian 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFollowing the rejuvenation of 3D organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites, like CH3NH3PbI3, (quasi)‐2D Ruddlesden–Popper soft halide perovskites R2An−1PbnX3n+1 have recently become another focus in the optoelectronic and photovoltaic device community. Although quasi‐2D perovskites were first introduced to stabilize optoelectronic/photovoltaic devices against moisture, more interesting properties and device applications, such as solar cells, light‐emitting diodes, white‐light emitters, lasers, and polaritonic emission, have followed. While delicate engineering design has pushed the performance of various devices forward remarkably, understanding of the fundamental properties, especially the charge‐transfer process, electron–phonon interactions, and the growth mechanism in (quasi)‐2D halide perovskites, remains limited and even controversial. Here, after reviewing the current understanding and the nexus between optoelectronic/photovoltaic properties of 2D and 3D halide perovskites, the growth mechanisms, charge‐transfer processes, vibrational properties, and electron–phonon interactions of soft halide perovskites, mainly in quasi‐2D systems, are discussed. It is suggested that single‐crystal‐based studies are needed to deepen the understanding of the aforementioned fundamental properties, and will eventually contribute to device performance.
Borohydride‐Scaffolded Li/Na/Mg Fast Ionic Conductors for Promising Solid‐State Electrolytes
Authors: Cuan Jing , Zhou You , Zhou Tengfei , Ling Shigang , Rui Kun , Guo Zaiping , Liu Huakun , Yu Xuebin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBorohydride solid‐state electrolytes with room‐temperature ionic conductivity up to ≈70 mS cm−1 have achieved impressive progress and quickly taken their place among the superionic conductive solid‐state electrolytes. Here, the focus is on state‐of‐the‐art developments in borohydride solid‐state electrolytes, including their competitive ionic‐conductive performance, current limitations for practical applications in solid‐state batteries, and the strategies to address their problems. To open, fast Li/Na/Mg ionic conductivity in electrolytes with BH4
− groups, approaches to engineering borohydrides with enhanced ionic conductivity, and later on the superionic conductivity of polyhedral borohydrides, their correlated conductive kinetics/thermodynamics, and the theoretically predicted high conductive derivatives are discussed. Furthermore, the validity of borohydride pairing with coated oxides, sulfur, organic electrodes, MgH2, TiS2, Li4Ti5O12, electrode materials, etc., is surveyed in solid‐state batteries. From the viewpoint of compatible cathodes, the stable electrochemical windows of borohydride solid‐state electrolytes, the electrode/electrolyte interface behavior and battery device design, and the performance optimization of borohydride‐based solid‐state batteries are also discussed in detail. A comprehensive coverage of emerging trends in borohydride solid‐state electrolytes is provided and future maps to promote better performance of borohydride SSEs are sketched out, which will pave the way for their further development in the field of energy storage.
Polymethacrylamide and Carbon Composites that Grow, Strengthen, and Self‐Repair using Ambient Carbon Dioxide Fixation
Authors: Kwak Seon‐Yeong , Giraldo Juan Pablo , Lew Tedrick Thomas Salim , Wong Min Hao , Liu Pingwei , Yang Yun Jung , Koman Volodymyr B. , McGee Melissa K. , Olsen Bradley D. , Strano Michael S. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPlants accumulate solid carbon mass and self‐repair using atmospheric CO2 fixation from photosynthesis. Synthetic materials capable of mimicking this property can significantly reduce the energy needed to transport and repair construction materials. Here, a gel matrix containing aminopropyl methacrylamide (APMA), glucose oxidase (GOx), and nanoceria‐stabilized extracted chloroplasts that is able to grow, strengthen, and self‐repair using carbon fixation is demonstrated. Glucose produced from the embedded chloroplasts is converted to gluconolactone (GL) via GOx, polymerizing with APMA to form a continuously expanding and strengthening polymethacrylamide. The extracted spinach chloroplasts exhibit enhanced stability and produce 12 µg GL mg−1 Chl h−1 after optimization of the temporal illumination conditions and the glucose efflux rate, with the insertion of chemoprotective nanoceria inside the chloroplasts. This system achieves an average growth rate of 60 µm3 h−1 per chloroplast under ambient CO2 and illumination over 18 h, thickening with a shear modulus of 3 kPa. This material can demonstrate self‐repair using the exported glucose from chloroplasts and chemical crosslinking through the fissures. These results point to a new class of materials capable of using atmospheric CO2 fixation as a regeneration source, finding utility as self‐healing coatings, construction materials, and fabrics.
1D Sub‐Nanotubes with Anatase/Bronze TiO2 Nanocrystal Wall for High‐Rate and Long‐Life Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Chen Biao , Meng Yuhuan , Xie Fangxi , He Fang , He Chunnian , Davey Kenneth , Zhao Naiqin , Qiao Shi‐Zhang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe development of 1D nanostructures with enhanced material properties has been an attractive endeavor for applications in energy and environmental fields, but it remains a major research challenge. Herein, this work demonstrates a simple, gel‐derived method to synthesize uniform 1D elongated sub‐nanotubes with an anatase/bronze TiO2 nanocrystal wall (TiO2 SNTs). The transformation mechanism of TiO2 SNTs is studied by various ex situ characterization techniques. The resulting 1D nanostructures exhibit, synchronously, a high aspect ratio, open tubular interior, and anatase/bronze nanocrystal TiO2 wall. This results in excellent properties of electron/ion transport and reaction kinetics. Consequently, as an anode material for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), the TiO2 SNTs display an ultrastable long‐life cycling stability with a capacity of 107 mAh g−1 at 16 C after 4000 cycles and a high‐rate capacity of 94 mAh g−1 at 32 C. This a high‐rate and long‐life performance is superior to any report on pure TiO2 for SIBs. This work provides new fundamental information for the design and fabrication of inorganic structures for energy and environmental applications.
A Lithium–Sulfur Battery using a 2D Current Collector Architecture with a Large‐Sized Sulfur Host Operated under High Areal Loading and Low E/S Ratio
Authors: Li Matthew , Zhang Yining , Bai Zhengyu , Liu Wen Wen , Liu Tongchao , Gim Jihyeon , Jiang Gaopeng , Yuan Yifei , Luo Dan , Feng Kun , Yassar Reza S. , Wang Xiaolei , Chen Zhongwei , Lu Jun 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWhile backless freestanding 3D electrode architectures for batteries with high loading sulfur have flourished in the recent years, the more traditional and industrially turnkey 2D architecture has not received the same amount of attention. This work reports a spray‐dried sulfur composite with large intrinsic internal pores, ensuring adequate local electrolyte availability. This material offers good performance with a electrolyte content of 7 µL mg−1 at high areal loadings (5–8 mg cm−2), while also offering the first reported 2.8 µL mg−1 (8 mg cm−2) to enter into the second plateau of discharge and continue to operate for 20 cycles. Moreover, evidence is provided that the high‐frequency semicircle (i.e., interfacial resistance) is mainly responsible for the often observed bypassing of the second plateau in lean electrolyte discharges.
Polymer‐Based Synthetic Routes to Carbon‐Based Metal‐Free Catalysts
Authors: Gottlieb Eric , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof , Kowalewski Tomasz 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCarbons are increasingly important as possible alternatives to expensive metal catalysts owing to the wide range of chemical properties they can exhibit and the growing set of synthetic routes available to produce them. This progress report discusses the process of making catalytic carbons from polymeric precursors, focusing on mechanisms of carbonization and how the polymer structures and synthetic procedures affect the resulting carbons. In considering what is necessary to move laboratory catalytic carbons to industrial and commercial applications, the cost and complexity to produce them are a considerable challenge to overcome. Industrially produced carbons are typically made from biopolymers such as lignin while many of the catalytic carbons studied in literature are from synthetic polymers. Thus, studying polymer‐derived carbons can provide insights into the carbonization process and the properties of catalytic carbons, which can subsequently be translated to improve biopolymer‐derived carbons in an economical way. Aspects of polymer carbonization discussed include carbonization mechanisms, effects of crosslinkers, polymer microstructure, heteroatom control, and effects of nanostructuring.
Balancing Charge Storage and Mobility in an Oligo(Ether) Functionalized Dioxythiophene Copolymer for Organic‐ and Aqueous‐ Based Electrochemical Devices and Transistors
Authors: Savagian Lisa R. , Österholm Anna M. , Ponder James F. , Barth Katrina J. , Rivnay Jonathan , Reynolds John R. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis work presents a soluble oligo(ether)‐functionalized propylenedioxythiophene (ProDOT)‐based copolymer as a versatile platform for a range of high‐performance electrochemical devices, including organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs), electrochromic displays, and energy‐storage devices. This polymer exhibits dual electroactivity in both aqueous and organic electrolyte systems, redox stability for thousands of redox cycles, and charge‐storage capacity exceeding 80 F g−1. As an electrochrome, this material undergoes full colored‐to‐colorless optical transitions on rapid time scales (<2 s) and impressive electrochromic contrast (Δ%T > 70%). Incorporation of the polymer into OECTs yields accumulation‐mode devices with an ION/OFF current ratio of 105, high transconductance without post‐treatments, as well as competitive hole mobility and volumetric capacitance, making it an attractive candidate for biosensing applications. In addition to being the first ProDOT‐based OECT active material reported to date, this is also the first reported OECT material synthesized via direct(hetero)arylation polymerization, which is a highly favorable polymerization method when compared to commonly used Stille cross‐coupling. This work provides a demonstration of how a single ProDOT‐based polymer, prepared using benign polymerization chemistry and functionalized with highly polar side chains, can be used to access a range of highly desirable properties and performance metrics relevant to electrochemical, optical, and bioelectronic applications.
Multiscale Structural Engineering of Ni‐Doped CoO Nanosheets for Zinc–Air Batteries with High Power Density
Authors: Li Yue‐Jiao , Cui Lan , Da Peng‐Fei , Qiu Kang‐Wen , Qin Wen‐Jing , Hu Wen‐Bin , Du Xi‐Wen , Davey Kenneth , Ling Tao , Qiao Shi‐Zhang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractZinc–air batteries offer a possible solution for large‐scale energy storage due to their superhigh theoretical energy density, reliable safety, low cost, and long durability. However, their widespread application is hindered by low power density. Herein, a multiscale structural engineering of Ni‐doped CoO nanosheets (NSs) for zinc–air batteries with superior high power density/energy density and durability is reported for the first time. In micro‐ and nanoscale, robust 2D architecture together with numerous nanopores inside the nanosheets provides an advantageous micro/nanostructured surface for O2 diffusion and a high electrocatalytic active surface area. In atomic scale, Ni doping significantly enhances the intrinsic oxygen reduction reaction activity per active site. As a result of controlled multiscale structure, the primary zinc–air battery with engineered Ni‐doped CoO NSs electrode shows excellent performance with a record‐high discharge peak power density of 377 mW cm−2, and works stable for >400 h at 5 mA cm−2. Rechargeable zinc–air battery based on Ni‐doped CoO NSs affords an unprecedented small charge–discharge voltage of 0.63 V, outperforming state‐of‐the‐art Pt/C catalyst‐based device. Moreover, it is shown that Ni‐doped CoO NSs assembled into all‐solid‐state coin cells can power 17 light‐emitting diodes and charge an iPhone 7 mobile phone.