bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ontogenetic vertical migration of the mesopelagic carnivorous copepod Paraeuchaeta spp. is related to their increase in body mass
Authors: Yamaguchi Atsushi , Ashjian Carin J , Campbell Robert G , Abe Yoshiyuki 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Two dominant mesopelagic carnivorous Paraeuchaeta copepods, Paraeuchaeta glacialis in the western Arctic Ocean and Paraeuchaeta elongata in the western subarctic Pacific, exhibited specialized ontogenetic vertical migration patterns with deeper occurrences of early copepodids (C1) and adults (C6F/M) and shallower occurrences of older copepodids C3−C5. Molt increments in body masses (wet, dry and ash-free dry masses) exhibited highly significant negative correlations with habitat depth. These facts suggest that both Paraeuchaeta species spend their reproductive (C6F/M) and early developmental (C1) stages in deeper layers to avoid predation and migrate upwards to where prey is abundant during the middle-late copepodid stages (C3−C5) to achieve greater mass growth.
Sleep Disturbance Predicts Less Improvement in Pain Outcomes: Secondary Analysis of the SPACE Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Koffel Erin , Kats Allyson M , Kroenke Kurt , Bair Matthew J , Gravely Amy , DeRonne Beth , Donaldson Melvin T , Goldsmith Elizabeth S , Noorbaloochi Siamak , Krebs Erin E 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveSleep disturbance may limit improvement in pain outcomes if not directly addressed in treatment. Moreover, sleep problems may be exacerbated by opioid therapy. This study examined the effects of baseline sleep disturbance on improvement in pain outcomes using data from the Strategies for Prescribing Analgesics Comparative Effectiveness (SPACE) trial, a pragmatic 12-month randomized trial of opioid vs nonopioid medication therapy.DesignParticipants with chronic back pain or hip or knee osteoarthritis pain were randomized to either opioid therapy (N = 120) or nonopioid medication therapy (N = 120).MethodsWe used mixed models for repeated measures to 1) test whether baseline sleep disturbance scores modified the effect of opioid vs nonopioid treatment on pain outcomes and 2) test baseline sleep disturbance scores as a predictor of less improvement in pain outcomes across both treatment groups.ResultsThe tests for interaction of sleep disturbance by treatment group were not significant. Higher sleep disturbance scores at baseline predicted less improvement in Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) interference (β = 0.058, P = 0.0002) and BPI severity (β = 0.026, P = 0.0164).ConclusionsBaseline sleep disturbance adversely affects pain response to treatment regardless of analgesic regimen. Recognition and treatment of sleep impairments that frequently co-occur with pain may optimize outcomes.
Treatment of resistant Raynaud’s phenomenon with single-port thoracoscopic sympathicotomy: a novel minimally invasive endoscopic technique
Authors: van Roon Anniek M , Kuijpers Michiel , van de Zande Saskia C , Abdulle Amaal Eman , van Roon Arie M , Bos Reinhard , Bouma Wobbe , Klinkenberg Theo J , Bootsma Hendrika , DeJongste Mike J L , Mariani Massimo A , Smit Andries J , Mulder Douwe J 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective
To assess the minimally invasive single-port thoracoscopic sympathicotomy feasibility and efficacy in patients with treatment-resistant RP.

Methods
Single-port thoracoscopic sympathicotomy was performed unilaterally on the left side in eight patients with RP (six males, two females, with a median age of 45.2 years). Five patients had primary and three had secondary RP. Perfusion effects in the hands were assessed at baseline and after 1 month by using a cooling and recovery procedure, and by using laser speckle contrast analysis. Number and duration of RP attacks were reported over a 2-week period.

Results
Patient satisfaction was 100% after surgery. After surgery, a unilateral improvement in perfusion was observed in the left hand compared with the right hand, with cooling and recovery (P = 0.008) and with laser speckle contrast analysis (P = 0.023). In addition, the number and duration of the attacks in the left hand decreased compared with the right hand (both P = 0.028). No serious adverse events occurred in a follow-up period of at least 10 months.

Conclusion
Single-port thoracoscopic sympathicotomy is feasible and can be effective in improving hand perfusion in patients with RP. However, long-term efficacy needs to be established.

Clinical trial registration number
NCT02680509.
Writing in Race: Evidence against Employers’ Assumptions about Race and Soft Skills
Authors: Streib Jessi , Rochmes Jane , Arriaga Felicia , Tavares Carlos , Weed Emi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHiring managers and segments of the American public believe that white, black, and Hispanic job-seekers present distinct soft skills to employers. Sociologists have not tested this belief and provide competing theories about whether it is likely to be true. Structural theories maintain that different resources and networks inhibit racial groups from displaying similar non-technical skills and experiences, while cultural approaches posit that all groups can access and display a variety of soft skills. Based on a content analysis of 1,124 applications that white, black, and Hispanic job-seekers used to apply for the same job, we find little evidence supporting the belief in racial distinctions in soft skills. Instead, white, black, and Hispanic applicants in our sample presented the same top reasons for applying, the same top personal characteristics, the same top college activities, and were equally likely to follow professional norms. We discuss the generalizability of our findings and their implications for theories of access to these skills.
Specific spatio-temporal dynamics of absorptive fine roots in response to neighbor species identity in a mixed beech–spruce forest
Authors: Zwetsloot Marie J , Goebel Marc , Paya Alex , Grams Thorsten E E , Bauerle Taryn L 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAbsorptive fine roots are an important driver of soil biogeochemical cycles. Yet, the spatio-temporal dynamics of those roots in the presence of neighboring species remain poorly understood. The aim of this study was to analyze shifts in absorptive fine-root traits in monoculture or mixtures of Fagus sylvatica [L.] and Picea abies [L.] Karst. We hypothesized that root competition would be higher under single-species than mixed-species interactions, leading to changes in (i) root survivorship, diameter and respiration and (ii) spatio-temporal patterns of root growth and death. Using minirhizotron methods, we monitored the timing and location of absorptive fine-root growth and death at an experimental forest in southern Germany from 2011 to 2013. We also measured root respiration in the spring and fall seasons of 2012 and 2013. Our findings show that the absorptive fine roots of F. sylvatica had a 50% higher risk of root mortality and higher respiration rates in the single-species compared to mixed-species zones. These results support our hypothesis that root competition is less intense for F. sylvatica in mixture versus monoculture. We were unable to find confirmation for the same hypothesis for P. abies. To analyze spatio-temporal patterns of absorptive fine-root production and mortality, we used a mixed-effects model considering root depth (space) and seasons (time) simultaneously. This analysis showed that F. sylvatica shifts root production towards shallower soil layers in mixed-species stands, besides significant seasonal fluctuations in root production depths for both species. Ultimately, the impact of neighbor species identity on root traits observed in this study has important implications for where, when and how fast root-facilitated carbon cycling takes place in single-species versus mixed-species forests. In addition, our study highlights the need for inclusion of absorptive fine-root spatio-temporal dynamics when examining belowground plant interactions and biogeochemical cycles.
The early evolution of the sabre-toothed felid killing bite: the significance of the cervical morphology of Machairodus aphanistus (Carnivora: Felidae: Machairodontinae)
Authors: Antón Mauricio , Siliceo Gema , Pastor Juan Francisco , Morales Jorge , Salesa Manuel J 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The study of cervical anatomy in the Miocene machairodontine felid Machairodus aphanistus reveals the early stages of evolution of the sabre-toothed adaptations in the homotherin lineage. The cervical vertebrae of M. aphanistus show a surprising mosaic of features, combining a more primitive atlas than its derived relative Homotherium, with a set of elongated, caudal cervical vertebrae that display well-developed transverse processes with complex and strong muscle insertion areas. In spite of its primitive morphology, the atlas of M. aphanistus does show a slight caudal projection of the atlas wings, indicating an emphasis on vertical motions of the cranial portion of the neck and skull. The rest of the cervical vertebrae of M. aphanistus show clear adaptations for strength, flexibility and precise control of neck motions compatible with the canine shear-bite model and comparable to those of Homotherium. Such a powerful and flexible neck could provide additional stability to partly compensate for the risk of canine breakage created by the less specialized adaptations of the skull and cranial cervical vertebrae for the machairodontine bite.
Exploring the impact of morphology, multiple sequence alignment and choice of optimality criteria in phylogenetic inference: a case study with the Neotropical orb-weaving spider genus Wagneriana (Araneae: Araneidae)
Authors: Cabra-García Jimmy , Hormiga Gustavo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe present a total evidence phylogenetic analysis of the Neotropical orb-weaving spider genus Wagneriana and discuss the phylogenetic impacts of methodological choices. We analysed 167 phenotypic characters and nine loci scored for 115 Wagneriana and outgroups, including 46 newly sequenced species. We compared total evidence analyses and molecular-only analyses to evaluate the impact of phenotypic evidence, and we performed analyses using the programs POY, TNT, RAxML, GARLI, IQ-TREE and MrBayes to evaluate the effects of multiple sequence alignment and optimality criteria. In all analyses, Wagneriana carimagua and Wagneriana uropygialis were nested in the genera Parawixia and Alpaida, respectively, and the remaining species of Wagneriana fell into three main clades, none of which formed a pair of sister taxa. However, sister-group relationships among the main clades and their internal relationships were strongly influenced by methodological choices. Alignment methods had comparable topological effects to those of optimality criteria in terms of ‘subtree pruning and regrafting’ moves. The inclusion of phenotypic evidence, 2.80–3.05% of the total evidence matrices, increased support irrespective of the optimality criterion used. The monophyly of some groups was recovered only after the addition of morphological characters. A new araneid genus, Popperaneus gen. nov., is erected, and Paraverrucosa is resurrected. Four new synonymies and seven new combinations are proposed.
Immunoglobulin A and microbiota in primary immunodeficiency diseases
Authors: Berbers Roos-Marijn , Franken Ingrid Aukje , Leavis Helen Louisa 
Published: August 2019

Purpose of review
With the emergence of the microbiota as a potential driver of host inflammation, the role of iIgA is becoming increasingly important. This review discusses the current evidence regarding the effects of clinical IgA deficiency on the microbiota, and the possible role of microbial dysbiosis in driving inflammation in PID patients.

Recent findings
The gut microbiota has been investigated in selective IgA deficiency and common variable immunodeficiency, revealing an important role for IgA in maintaining gut microbiota homeostasis, with disparate effects of IgA on symbionts and pathobionts. Although IgA deficiency is associated with microbial translocation and systemic inflammation, this may be partially compensated by adequate IgG and IgM induction in IgA deficiency but not in common variable immunodeficiency. Therapeutic strategies aimed at correction of the microbiota mostly focus on fecal microbiota transplantation. Whether this may reduce systemic inflammation in PID is currently unknown.

Summary
Clinical IgA deficiency is associated with microbial dysbiosis and systemic inflammation. The evidence for microbiota-targeted therapies in PID is scarce, but indicates that IgA-based therapies may be beneficial, and that fecal microbiota transplantation is well tolerated in patients with antibody deficiency.
Indications, contraindications, and safety aspects of procedural sedation
Authors: van Haperen Maartje , Preckel Benedikt , Eberl Susanne 
Published: August 2019

Purpose of review
There is a steadily increasing demand for procedural sedation outside the operating room, frequently performed in comorbid high-risk adult patients. This review evaluates the feasibility and advantages of sedation vs. general anesthesia for some of these new procedures.

Recent findings
Generally, sedation performed by experienced staff is safe. Although for some endoscopic or transcatheter interventions sedation is feasible, results of the intervention might be improved when performed under general anesthesia. For elected procedures like intra-arterial treatment after acute ischemic stroke, avoiding general anesthesia and sedation at all might be the optimal treatment.

Summary
Anesthesiologists are facing continuously new indications for procedural sedation in sometimes sophisticated diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. Timely availability of anesthesia staff will mainly influence who is performing sedation, anesthesia or nonanesthesia personal. While the number of absolute contraindications for sedation decreased to almost zero, relative contraindications are becoming more relevant and should be tailored to the individual procedure and patient.
Gastrointestinal involvement in systemic sclerosis: an update
Authors: McMahan Zsuzsanna H. 
Published: August 2019

Purpose of review
This review provides important updates in systemic sclerosis (SSc)-related gastrointestinal disease, specifically focusing on the most recent literature.

Recent findings
In the past year, several studies were published that present interesting insights into SSc and gastrointestinal disease. Studies focusing on newly identified risk factors, novel approaches to diagnosis and assessment of disease activity, survival and quality of life demonstrate progress in our understanding of this challenging area. Additional data on specific SSc gastrointestinal-related topics, such as the link between gastrointestinal and pulmonary disease, nutrition, and the microbiome, are also now available.

Summary
SSc gastrointestinal disease is heterogeneous in its clinical presentation, which presents a challenge in diagnosis and management. In the past year, several studies have evaluated risk factors and clinical features associated with specific gastrointestinal complications in SSc. Objective gastrointestinal testing may help to identify specific SSc gastrointestinal subgroups and provide diagnostic accuracy to guide targeted therapies. Survival in very early SSc is affected by the severity of gastrointestinal involvement. Other important gastrointestinal subsets, including patients with esophageal disease and interstitial lung disease, should carefully be considered when developing a management plan for this patient population.
End-of-Life Decision-Making for ICU Patients With Limited English Proficiency: A Qualitative Study of Healthcare Team Insights
Authors: Barwise Amelia K. , Nyquist Christina A. , Espinoza Suarez Nataly R. , Jaramillo Carolina , Thorsteinsdottir Bjorg , Gajic Ognjen , Wilson Michael E. 
Published: August 2019

Objectives:
Research indicates that the increasing population of over 25 million people in the United States who have limited English proficiency experience differences in decision-making and subsequent care at end of life in the ICU when compared with the general population. The objective of this study was to assess the perceptions of healthcare team members about the factors that influence discussions and decision-making about end of life for patients and family members with limited English proficiency in the ICU.

Design:
Qualitative study using semistructured interviews with ICU physicians, nurses, and interpreters.

Setting:
Three ICUs at Mayo Clinic Rochester.

Subjects:
Sixteen ICU physicians, 12 ICU nurses, and 12 interpreters.

Intervention:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
We conducted 40 semistructured interviews. We identified six key differences in end-of-life decision-making for patients with limited English proficiency compared with patients without limited English proficiency: 1) clinician communication is modified and less frequent; 2) clinician ability to assess patient and family understanding is impaired; 3) relationship building is impaired; 4) patient and family understanding of decision-making concepts (e.g., palliative care) is impaired; 5) treatment limitations are often perceived to be unacceptable due to faith-based and cultural beliefs; and 6) patient and family decision-making styles are different. Facilitators of high-quality decision-making in patients with limited English proficiency included: 1) premeeting between clinician and interpreter; 2) interpretation that communicates empathy and caring; 3) bidirectional communication of cultural perspectives; 4) interpretation that improves messaging including appropriate word choice; and 5) clinician cultural humility.

Conclusions:
End-of-life decision-making is significantly different for ICU patients with limited English proficiency. Participants identified several barriers and facilitators to high-quality end-of-life decision-making for ICU patients and families with limited English proficiency. Awareness of these factors can facilitate interventions to improve high-quality, compassionate, and culturally sensitive decision-making for patients and families with limited English proficiency.
Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol Time Courses in the Sera of “Light Cannabis” Smokers: Discriminating Light Cannabis Use from Illegal and Medical Cannabis Use
Authors: Pichini Simona , Mannocchi Giulio , Berretta Paolo , Zaami Simona , Pirani Filippo , Pacifici Roberta , Busardò Francesco P. 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) time courses in serum and physiological and behavioral effects associated with smoking 1 or 4 “light cannabis” cigarettes were studied. Biomarkers to differentiate light cannabis versus illegal and medical cannabis use were also investigated.

Methods:
Sera were obtained at different times from 6 healthy light cannabis consumers and 6 individuals who smoked 1 and 4 cigarettes, within 4 hours through a liquid–liquid method and analyzed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry.

Results:
In serum, minimal THC concentration was observed after a single cigarette smoke, while repeated smoking increased it by 1 order of magnitude. CBD concentrations were higher, but did not increase linearly, probably because it does not preferentially volatilize compared with THC. The highest THC and CBD concentrations were observed 0.5 hours after the start of the smoking of 1 cigarette. Serum THC ranged from 2.7 to 5.9 ng/mL, while serum CBD varied from 5.7 to 48.2 ng/mL. Similarly, the highest THC and CBD concentrations were observed 0.5 hours after the smoking of 4 cigarettes. Specifically, the ranges were THC: 11.0–21.8 ng/mL and CBD: 19.4–35.3 ng/mL. In both cases, the mean THC/CBD concentration ratio ranged from 0.2 to 0.9. There were no significant changes in blood pressure, heart rate, and body temperature, but participants who smoked 4 cigarettes experienced severe drowsiness.

Conclusions:
THC and CBD time courses in the sera of light cannabis smokers were similar to those previously observed in oral fluid and blood. Serum THC/CBD concentration ratio not higher than the mean value of 0.9 might be a useful biomarker to identify use of light cannabis versus that of illegal THC cannabis (where THC/CBD concentration ratios are generally greater than 10) or versus that of medical cannabis (where ratios are greater than 1). Consumers should be advised of possible drowsiness after he repeated smoking of light cannabis cigarettes.
Improving outcomes through care coordination: Measuring care coordination of nurse practitioners
Authors: Ruggiero Kristine , Pratt Patricia , Antonelli Richard 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT

Background:
Gaps in care coordination (CC) between inpatient and outpatient settings for children with medical complexity (CMC) can result in treatment delays, gaps in communication, missed appointments, medication discrepancies, and ultimately impacts the provision of quality care.

Local problem:
As care for pediatric patients with medical complexity moves into community settings, various ambulatory settings, including infusion settings, are caring for patients who would otherwise often require inpatient hospitalization to receive their care. To better accommodate this growing demand, nurse practitioners (NPs) have been used to support these nurse-led infusion programs. The purpose of this quality improvement (QI) project was to quantify and describe the outcomes of CC by NPs in this ambulatory setting.

Methods:
A quantitative design was used.

Interventions:
We captured nonreimbursable CC activities provided by NPs and associated outcome(s) among pediatric patients seen in two ambulatory infusion clinics, at Boston Children's Hospital between January and April 2017, and generated summary statistics for this QI project.

Results:
There were 259 nonreimbursable CC encounters. Most of the CC activities prevented delays in treatment (38%), adverse reaction to medicine because of medication discrepancies (8%), need for additional subspecialist visits (10%), missed infusion appointments (5%), and emergency department visits (2%).

Conclusion:
Nonreimbursable CC provided by NPs in a tertiary hospital-based ambulatory program improved outcomes of care for CMC and helped facilitate health care use. This project quantified and described the outcomes of CC provided by NPs, and the value of CC on CMC.