bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Congress of Neurological Surgeons Systematic Review and Evidence-Based Guidelines on the Evaluation and Treatment of Patients with Thoracolumbar Spine Trauma: Executive Summary
Authors: O’Toole John E , Kaiser Michael G , Anderson Paul A , Arnold Paul M , Chi John H , Dailey Andrew T , Dhall Sanjay S , Eichholz Kurt M , Harrop James S , Hoh Daniel J , Qureshi Sheeraz , Rabb Craig H , Raksin P B 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The thoracic and lumbar (“thoracolumbar”) spine are the most commonly injured region of the spine in blunt trauma. Trauma of the thoracolumbar spine is frequently associated with spinal cord injury and other visceral and bony injuries. Prolonged pain and disability after thoracolumbar trauma present a significant burden on patients and society.

OBJECTIVE
To formulate evidence-based clinical practice recommendations for the care of patients with injuries to the thoracolumbar spine.

METHODS
A systematic review of the literature was performed using the National Library of Medicine PubMed database and the Cochrane Library for studies relevant to thoracolumbar spinal injuries based on specific clinically oriented questions. Relevant publications were selected for review.

RESULTS
For all of the questions posed, the literature search yielded a total of 6561 abstracts. The task force selected 804 articles for full text review, and 78 were selected for inclusion in this overall systematic review.

CONCLUSION
The available evidence for the evaluation and treatment of patients with thoracolumbar spine injuries demonstrates considerable heterogeneity and highly variable degrees of quality. However, the workgroup was able to formulate a number of key recommendations to guide clinical practice. Further research is needed to counter the relative paucity of evidence that specifically pertains to patients with only thoracolumbar spine injuries.
The full version of the guideline can be reviewed at: https://www.cns.org/guideline-chapters/congress-neurological-surgeons-systematic-review-evidence-based-guidelines/chapter_1.
Effects of the Mixed Parallel Electoral System in Lithuania: The Worst of All Worlds?
Authors: Jastramskis Mažvydas 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis article analyses the political effects of the mixed parallel electoral system in Lithuania. According to the ‘best of both worlds’ logic, mixed systems could combine advantages from both the majoritarian and proportional formulas. However, counterarguments were also presented in the literature, pointing to the possibility of the ‘worst of both worlds’. According to presented analysis of Lithuanian parliamentary elections between 1992 and 2016, the pessimistic scenario is expected when a mixed parallel electoral system is used in a new democracy with a weakly institutionalised party system and high volatility. Lithuania’s mixed parallel system produces relatively disproportional election results. However, it also facilitates the fragmentation of party system. Moreover, the effects in a concrete election are hardly predictable, especially the seat bonus of election winner. Evidence in the article points to a conclusion that mixed parallel electoral systems could contribute to the ‘worst of all worlds’ and new democracies should avoid them.
Physician assistants in urgent care
Authors: Ritsema Tamara S. , Cawley James F. , Smith Noël 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To describe the characteristics of physician assistants (PAs) who practice urgent care.

Methods:
Data from national surveys conducted by the American Academy of PAs (AAPA) between 1998 and 2016 were analyzed, comparing PAs who practice in urgent care, emergency medicine, and all other specialties.

Results:
The percentage of PAs who work in an urgent care setting has nearly doubled in the last 10 years. PAs who work in urgent care see more patients and perform more minor surgical procedures than those in emergency medicine. They are less likely to be newly graduated PAs than those in emergency medicine. PAs in urgent care are less likely than other PAs to consult a physician about their patients in real time.

Conclusion:
The number of PAs practicing urgent care is increasing. More research is needed to further characterize PA practice in this specialty.
Do nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs impair tissue healing?
Authors: Fowler Curtis 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) commonly are used by providers and patients to treat acute injuries. However, evidence suggests that they may interfere with healing in musculoskeletal injuries. The associated cardiac, renal, and gastrointestinal complications associated with NSAIDs are well known. This article examines the potentially negative effects of NSAIDs when they are used to treat acute musculoskeletal injuries.
New Approved Use for Blinatumomab
Authors: Aschenbrenner Diane S. 
Published: July 2018

Blinatumomab (Blincyto) is now approved for the treatment of adults and children with B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia who are in remission but still have minimal residual disease.Close adherence to the directions for reconstitution and administration of blinatumomab is required.
New Warning for Lamotrigine
Authors: Aschenbrenner, Diane S. 
Published: July 2018

Lamotrigine (Lamictal) now carries a warning stating that the drug can cause hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, a rare immune disorder.Nurses should teach patients starting lamotrigine therapy about the signs and symptoms of this rare immune disorder, and those who present with these signs and symptoms should be evaluated for it.
Association Between Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Intraocular Pressure in Korean Adults
Authors: Kwon Yu-Jin , Kim Ji-Hye , Jung Dong-Hyuk 
Published: July 2018

Purpose:
Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is an important modifiable risk factor predicting glaucoma progression. Recent studies have demonstrated that metabolic risk factors influence IOP. Nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) is an emerging chronic liver disease that is closely associated with metabolic syndrome, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between NAFLD and intraocular pressure in Korean adults.

Patients and Methods:
This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed a total of 7681 participants who visited a local health promotion center. NAFLD was defined via ultrasonography and patients were classified into 3 groups based on severity: normal, mild, and moderate to severe. We conducted multiple logistic regression analysis to examine the relationship between NAFLD and high IOP. We additionally performed multiple linear regression analysis to investigate the independent association between NAFLD and mean IOP.

Results:
Mean IOP levels significantly and linearly increased with increasing NAFLD grades. Compared with normal, the odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals for high IOP were 1.09 (0.96-1.24) for mild NAFLD and 1.28 (1.12-1.48) for moderate to severe NAFLD after adjusting for confounding factors. NAFLD severity was noticed as an independent factor associated with mean IOP levels using stepwise and enter methods for multiple linear regression analyses.

Conclusions:
NAFLD severity was associated with high IOP (>15 mm Hg) in Korean adults in a dose-dependent manner.
FAB LMB 96 Regimen for Newly Diagnosed Burkitt Lymphoma in Children: Single-center Experience
Authors: Aydin Burca , Akyuz Canan , Kalkan Neslihan , Kurucu Nilgun , Varan Ali , Yalcin Bilgehan , Kutluk Tezer 
Published: July 2018

Background/Objectives:
The outcome of Burkitt lymphoma has improved by over 90%. In this study, demographic characteristics and outcomes of 57 patients with Burkitt lymphoma treated with FAB LMB 96 regimen are presented.

Materials and Methods:
Standard intensity arms were selected for all risk groups. Clinical characteristics, response to treatment, and outcome were evaluated.

Results:
The median age of 48 boys and 9 girls was 8.2 years. There were 2 (3%), 41 (72%), and 14 (25%) patients in the low, intermediate, and high-risk groups, respectively. Patients were followed-up for a median of 50 months. The 5-year overall survival and event-free survival rates for the study group were 90.8% and 87.4%, respectively. Two patients in the low-risk group are still alive without evidence of disease for 17 and 57 months. The 5-year overall survival rates were 95% and 78% for intermediate and high-risk patients, and the 5-year event-free survival rates were 93% and 62%, respectively. At the end of induction, 58% of patients had complete response, and 42% (n=24) had residual tumors. A total of 16 of 24 patient biopsies showed no viable tumors.

Conclusions:
Our results confirm the previously published survival results of FAB LMB 96. The regimen is an effective regimen for mature B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma without radiotherapy or surgery even in central nervous system–positive patients. The most important prognostic factor is the complete response after induction chemotherapy. However, residual tumor at the end of consolidation might not always be a sign for unresponsive tumor. Tumoral residue should be radiologically well evaluated and biopsied if possible for viability before intensifying treatment.
A Critique of the Impact Factor and Ramifications of Its Misuse in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery: The Real Impact of the Impact Factor
Authors: Nair Lakshmi , Adetayo Oluwaseun A. 
Published: July 2018

Summary:
The impact factor is used to compare the number of citations of a journal with its number of publications. Although first used to assess the significance of various journals, its very creator has stated that it is an imperfect system. Presently, the impact factor overvalues the importance of large-readership journals and undervalues that of smaller more specialized journals. Although no metric can serve as a perfect assessment of a journal’s worth, it is vital when selecting journals for publication, resource allocation, funding, or citation to weigh not only the impact factor of a large-volume journal, but also the added value of lower impact factor but also effective specialized subspecialty journals.
Predictive Features for Anterior Mediastinal Mass Diagnoses
Authors: Hammer Mark M. , Miskin Nityanand , Madan Rachna , Hunsaker Andetta R 
Published: July 2018

Objective
We set out to evaluate a set of demographic and computed tomography imaging features for diagnosing anterior mediastinal masses.

Methods
We identified 223 patients with anterior mediastinal masses, which we divided into training and validation sets. One radiologist evaluated computed tomography imaging features on the training set. Then, predictive features were identified, and 3 radiologists evaluated these on the validation set. A naive Bayesian classifier based on the features was compared with the radiologists' first-choice diagnosis.

Results
Internal mammary lymphadenopathy and mediastinal encasement were strongly associated with lymphomas. Low attenuation and midline location were strongly associated with benign lesions, and older age was associated with thymic epithelial neoplasms. The average accuracy of the 3 radiologists' diagnoses was 78%, compared with 71% for the classifier.

Conclusions
Nine demographic and imaging features were found to be helpful in diagnosing anterior mediastinal masses. By using these features, radiologists can suggest the diagnosis with fair accuracy.
Surgical Pitfalls in Carotid Endarterectomy: A New Step-By-Step Approach
Authors: Denli Yalvac Emine Seyma , Baran Oguz , Aydin Aysegul Esen , Balak Naci , Tanriover Necmettin 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is a surgical intervention that may prevent stroke in asymptomatic and symptomatic patients. Our aim was to examine the microsurgical anatomy of carotid artery and other related neurovascular structures to summarize the CEA that is currently applied in ideal conditions. The upper necks of 2 adult cadavers (4 sides) were dissected using ×3 to ×40 magnification. The common carotid artery, external carotid artery (ECA), and internal carotid artery were exposed and examined. The surgical steps of CEA were described using 3-D cadaveric photos and computed tomography angiographic pictures obtained with help of OsiriX imaging software program. Segregating certain neurovascular and muscular structures in the course of CEA significantly increased the exposure. The division of facial vein allowed for internal jugular vein to be mobilized more laterally and dividing the posterior belly of digastric muscle resulted in an additional dorsal exposure of almost 2 cm. Isolating the ansa cervicalis that pulls hypoglossal nerve inferiorly allowed hypoglossal nerve to be released safely medially. The locations of the ECA branches alter depending on their anatomical variations. The hypoglossal nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve, and accessory nerve pierce the fascia of the upper part of the carotid sheath and they are vulnerable to injury because of their distinct courses along the surgical route. Surgical exposure in CEA requires meticulous dissection and detailed knowledge of microsurgical anatomy of the neck region to avoid neurovascular injuries and to determine the necessary surgical maneuvers in cases with neurovascular variations.
Orbital Emphysema: A Rare Postoperative Complication
Authors: Fernandes Breno dos Reis , Mulinari-Santos Gabriel , Okamoto Roberta , Neto Oswaldo Belloti , Mandarino Sydney , Silva Jonathan , Pereira Rodrigo dos Santos 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Orbital emphysema can be a rare and severe postoperative complication. Fast and critical diagnosis is essential to avoid permanent visual loss to the patient. Therefore, a case of a male patient victim of a motorcycle accident with a postoperative complication of orbital emphysema has been presented. The immediate diagnosis and treatment of the orbital emphysema revealed to be the main success factors for the resolution of this complication.
ACBD3 is an essential pan-enterovirus host factor that mediates the interaction between viral 3A protein and cellular protein PI4KB
Authors: Lyoo Heyrhyoung , van der Schaar Hilde M. , Dorobantu Cristina M. , Strating Jeroen R.P.M. , van Kuppeveld Frank J.M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe enterovirus genus of the picornavirus family includes a large number of important human pathogens such as poliovirus, coxsackievirus, enterovirus-A71, and rhinoviruses. Like all other positive-strand RNA viruses, genome replication of enteroviruses occurs on rearranged membranous structures called replication organelles (ROs). Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIIβ (PI4KB) is required by all enteroviruses for RO formation. The enteroviral 3A protein recruits PI4KB to ROs, but the exact mechanism remains elusive. Here, we investigated the role of Acyl-coenzyme A binding domain containing 3 (ACBD3) in PI4KB recruitment upon enterovirus replication using ACBD3-knockout (ACBD3KO) cells. ACBD3 knockout impaired replication of representative viruses from four enterovirus and two rhinovirus species. PI4KB recruitment was not observed in the absence of ACBD3. The lack of ACBD3 also affected the localization of individually expressed 3A, causing 3A to localize to the endoplasmic reticulum instead of the Golgi. Reconstitution of wt ACBD3 restored PI4KB recruitment and 3A localization, while an ACBD3 mutant that cannot bind to PI4KB restored 3A localization, but not virus replication. Consistently, reconstitution of a PI4KB mutant that cannot bind ACBD3 failed to restore virus replication in PI4KBKO cells. Finally, by reconstituting ACBD3 mutants lacking specific domains in ACBD3KO cells, we show that Acyl-coenzyme A binding (ACB) and charged amino acids region (CAR) domains are dispensable for 3A-mediated PI4KB recruitment and efficient enterovirus replication. Altogether, our data provide new insight into the central role of ACBD3 in recruiting PI4KB by enterovirus 3A and reveal the minimal domains of ACBD3 involved in recruiting PI4KB and supporting enterovirus replication.ImportanceAs all other RNA viruses, enteroviruses reorganize host cellular membranes for efficient genome replication. A host lipid kinase, PI4KB, plays an important role on this membrane rearrangement. The exact mechanism of how enteroviruses recruit PI4KB was unclear. Here, we revealed a role of a Golgi-residing protein, ACBD3, as a mediator of PI4KB recruitment upon enterovirus replication. ACBD3 is responsible for proper localization of enteroviral 3A proteins in host cells which is important for 3A to recruit PI4KB. By testing ACBD3 and PI4KB mutants that abrogate the ACBD3-PI4KB interaction, we showed that this interaction is crucial for enterovirus replication. The importance of specific domains of ACBD3 was evaluated for the first time, and the essential domains for enterovirus replication were identified. Our findings open up a possibility for targeting ACBD3 or its interaction with virus as a novel strategy for a broad-spectrum antiviral drug.
A comparative study of machine learning algorithms in predicting severe complications after bariatric surgery
Authors: Cao Yang , Fang Xin , Ottosson Johan , Näslund Erik , Stenberg Erik 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAccurate models to predict severe postoperative complications could be of value in the preoperative assessment of potential candidates for bariatric surgery. Traditional statistical methods have so far failed to produce high accuracy. To find a useful algorithm to predict the risk for severe complication after bariatric surgery, we trained and compared 29 supervised machine learning (ML) algorithms using information from 37,811 patients operated with a bariatric surgical procedure between 2010 and 2014 in Sweden. The algorithms were then tested on 6,250 patients operated in 2015. Most ML algorithms showed high accuracy (>90%) and specificity (>0.9) in both the training and test data. However, none achieved an acceptable sensitivity in the test data. ML methods may improve accuracy of prediction but we did not yet identify one with a high enough sensitivity that can be used in clinical praxis in bariatric surgery. Further investigation on deeper neural network algorithms is needed.
Introduce a New Approach to Detect Genes Associated to Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Li Jianqiang , Yang Caiyun , Ji-Jiang Yang , Chen Shi , Wang Qing , HuiPan  , Liang Siyuan , Qiu Weiliang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) represents the most frequent of all oral neoplasms in the world. Genetics plays an important role in the etiopathogenesis of OSCC. However, the investigation of the molecular mechanism of OSCC is still incomplete. In this article, we introduced a new approach to detect OSCC-associated genes, in which we not only compare mean difference, but also variance difference between cases and controls. Based on two OSCC datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus, we identified 456 differentially variable (DV) gene probes, in addition to 2,375 differentially expressed (DE) gene probes. There are 2,193 DE-only probes, 274 DV-only probes, and 182 DE-and-DV probes. DAVID functional analysis showed that genes corresponding to DE-only, DV-only, and DE-and-DV probes were enriched in different KEGG pathways, indicating they play different roles in OSCC. This new approach can be used to investigate the genetic risk factors for other complex human diseases.
Autoimmunity to hypocretin and molecular mimicry to flu antigens in Type 1 narcolepsy
Authors: Luo Guo , Ambati Aditya , Lin Ling , Bonvalet Mélodie , Partinen Markku , Ji Xuhuai , Maecker Holden Terry , Mignot Emmanuel Jean-Marie 
Published: July 2018

AbstractType 1 narcolepsy (T1N) is caused by hypocretin (HCRT) neuronal loss. Association with the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-DQB1*06:02/DQA1*01:02 (98% vs 25%) heterodimer (DQ0602), T cell receptor (TCR) and other immune loci suggest autoimmunity but autoantigen(s) are unknown. Onset is seasonal and associated with influenza A, notably pandemic 2009 H1N1 (pH1N1). An extensive unbiased DQ0602 binding peptide screen was performed encompassing peptides derived from Pandemrix®X-179-A pH1N1 influenza-A vaccine, a known T1N trigger, other H1N1 strains, and potential human autoantigens HCRT and RFX4, identifying 109 binders. The presence of cognate tetramer-peptide specific CD4+T cells was studied in 35 narcolepsy cases and 22 DQ0602 controls after expansion of antigen-specific cells in Peripheral Blood Monocytes Cell (PBMC) cultures. Higher reactivity to influenza epitopes pHA273-287(pH1N1 specific) and PR8 (H1N1 pre 2009)-specific NP17-31were observed in T1N. Extensive reactivity to C-amidated but not native version of HCRT54-66and HCRT86-97, which are two highly homologous peptides (HCRTNH2) was observed with higher frequencies of specific T cells in T1N. TCRα/β CDR3 sequences found in pHA273-287,NP17-31and HCRTNH2tetramer positive CD4+cells were also retrieved in single INFγ-secreting CD4+sorted cells stimulated with Pandemrix®, confirming immunodominance and functional significance in DQ0602-mediated responses and molecular mimicry. TCRα/β CDR3 motifs of HCRT54-66and HCRT86-97tetramers were extensively shared. Particularly notable was sharing across subjects of an CDR3α, CAVETDSWGKLQF (in association with various CDR3β that used TRAJ24, a chain modulated by Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNPs) rs1154155 and rs1483979 associated with T1N. Sharing of CDR3β CASSQETQGRNYGYTF (in association with various CDR3α was also observed with HCRTNH2and pHA273-287-tetramers across subjects. This segment uses TRBV4-2, a segment modulated by narcolepsy-associated SNP rs1008599. Higher HCRTNH2positive CD4+T cell numbers in T1N together with sharing of J24 CAVETDSWGKLQF in HCRTNH2autoimmune responses, indicates causal DQ0602-mediated CD4+autoreactivity to HCRT in T1N. Our results provide evidence for autoimmunity and molecular mimicry with flu antigens modulated by genetic components in the pathophysiology of T1N.
Identifying Gait Phases from Joint Kinematics during Walking with Switched Linear Dynamical Systems
Authors: Drnach Luke , Essa Irfan , Ting Lena H. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHuman-robot interaction (HRI) for gait rehabilitation could benefit from data-driven, subject-specific gait models that account for gait phases and gait dynamics. Here we address the current limitation in gait models driven by averaged kinematic data, which do not model interlimb gait dynamics and have not been shown to precisely identify gait events. We used Switched Linear Dynamical Systems (SLDS) to model joint angle kinematic data from healthy individuals walking on a treadmill during normal gait and during gait perturbed by electrical muscle stimulation. We compared model-inferred gait phases to gait phases measured independently via a force plate. We found that SLDS models accounted for over 88% of the variation in each joint angle and labeled the joint kinematics with the correct gait phase with 84% precision on average. The transitions between hidden states matched measured gait events, with a median absolute difference of 25ms. To our knowledge, this is the first time that SLDS inferred gait phases have been validated by an external measure of gait, instead of against pre-defined gait phase durations. SLDS provide individual-specific representations of gait that incorporate both gait phases and gait dynamics. SLDS may be useful for developing control policies for HRI aimed at improving gait by allowing for changes in control to be precisely timed to different gait phases.