bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dodecylamine‐Induced Synthesis of a Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Comb for Advanced Lithium–Sulfur Battery Cathodes
Authors: Lu Qian , Zhong Yijun , Zhou Wei , Liao Kaiming , Shao Zongping 
Published: February 2018

AbstractHost materials that can provide both a strong absorbability of soluble intermediate polysulfides and a high electronic conductivity are in high demand to realize practical applications of Li–S batteries. Here, the rational design of an N‐doped carbon comb (NCC) as a new type of sulfur host for Li–S batteries, delivering a favorable performance, particularly a good cycling stability and rate capability, is reported. A novel dodecylamine micelle‐induced self‐assembling method is first proposed for constructing the NCC host which is built from close‐packed hollow submicron carbon spheres. The interconnected carbon frameworks create good electrical conductive pathways. In addition, the high porosity and the N doping of the NCC host effectively suppress sulfur losses during cycling through synergistic physisorption and chemisorption effects. As a result, cathodes with 71 wt% of sulfur deposited in the NCC host possess superior capacities of 1090 and 553 mAh g−1 at 0.1 and 2 C, respectively. After 300 cycles at 1 C, a reversible capacity of 562 mAh g−1 is retained. Even at a high sulfur loading of 83 wt%, favorable performance is realized.
Practical Reagents and Methods for Nucleophilic and Electrophilic Phosphorothiolations
Authors: Kovács Szabolcs , Bayarmagnai Bilguun , Aillerie Alexandre , Gooßen Lukas J. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractNew late‐stage phosphorothiolation methods are disclosed that allow the efficient transfer of SP(O)(OR)2groups to diversely functionalized substrates using nucleophilic and electrophilic reagents. The nucleophilic reagent, tetramethylammoniumO,O‐dimethyl phosphorothioate, was synthesized in near‐quantitative yield from Me3SiP(O)(OMe)2, elemental sulfur and Me4NF. Its umpolung withN‐bromophthalimide provided the electrophilic reagent,O,O‐dimethyl‐S‐(N‐phthalimido)phosphorothioate. Complementary methods based on these reagents enable the phosphorothiolation of diversely functionalized alkyl halides, arenediazonium salts, arylboronic acids and electron‐rich arenes in good yields under mild conditions.magnified image
Polyamide 6 modified polypropylene with remarkably enhanced mechanical performance, thermal properties, and foaming ability via pressure‐induced‐flow processing approach
Authors: Fu Dajiong , Chen Feng , Peng Xiangfang , Kuang Tairong 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPressure‐induced‐flow (PIF) processing has been considered as an efficient approach to prepare high‐performance polymer materials. In this study, the effects of PIF processing on various properties of PP/PA6 blend, including the microstructure, thermal, and mechanical properties, as well as foaming behavior, were investigated. The results showed that PIF processing had a significant effect on the microstructure of PP/PA6 blend. Meanwhile, the thermal stability of PP/PA6 blend was greatly improved. Compared to its counterparts without PIF processing, the mechanical strength of PIF PP/PA6 blend was remarkably enhanced, which was even higher than that of PIF PP (Polypropylene). PIF processing could both strengthen and toughen PP/PA6 blend. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) results also indicated that PIF PP/PA blend had higher strength under dynamic mechanical conditions. Furthermore, the PP/PA6 foams with and without PIF processing were fabricated using a batch foaming method. With PIF processing, the resultant PP/PA6 blend displayed a significantly enhanced foaming ability with higher cell density and larger expansion ratio.
Structure and properties of wool keratin/poly (vinyl alcohol) blended fiber
Authors: Liu Rangtong , Li Liang , Liu Shuping , Li Shujing , Zhu Xueying , Yi Mengmeng , Liao Xilin 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTaking into account the difficulty to spin pure keratin fibers, blended fibers of keratin/poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) are developed by wet spinning. Effects of keratin content on the structure and properties of blended fibers are analyzed by the combination of scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric‐differential thermal analysis (TG‐DTA), and tensile test. The results indicate that the blended fibers have an average diameter about 110 μm with oblate cross section and rough surface. The hydrogen bonds are established between PVA and keratins during the spinning process. The curves of thermal performances of blended fibers are between those of keratin and PVA. In the case of the mechanical properties of blended fibers, they gradually decrease with an increase in keratin content. Hence, it should be pointed out that to obtain satisfactory fibers, the content of keratin in the blended solution has to be less than or equal to 15%.
Photothermal‐Induced Nanowelding of Metal–Semiconductor Heterojunction in Integrated Nanowire Units
Authors: Ghosh Pintu , Lu Jinsheng , Chen Ziyao , Yang Hangbo , Qiu Min , Li Qiang 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAn improvised and comparatively inexpensive method for welding semiconductors and metal nanowires (NWs) utilizing a plasmon‐enhanced photothermal effect is presented in this article. Different types of heterojunction‐based (single Schottky junction and back‐to‐back Schottky junctions) electronic nanodevices are fabricated by welding various combinations of silver and ZnO NWs on two gold electrodes using continuous wave laser (λ = 532 nm) shots. It is inferred from the current–voltage characteristic curves of these devices that the junction formed between the ZnO nanowire (NW) and the gold electrode demonstrates Schottky barrier‐like behavior, whereas the junctions between silver‐and‐gold and silver‐and‐ZnO behave like ohmic contacts. The maximum currents obtained for a single Schottky junction and back‐to‐back Schottky junctions corresponding to the applied bias voltage 40 V are 42 µA and 7 µA, respectively. This plasmon‐enhanced nanowelding technique extends the range of applications of nanowelding in fabrication of electronic nanodevices.
Medical Student Perception of Resident Versus Attending Contributions to Education on Co‐Supervised Shifts During the Emergency Medicine Clerkship
Authors: Byrne Richard , Barbas Brian , Baumann Brigitte M. , Patel Sundip N. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe objective was to assess medical student perception of resident and attending contributions to nine Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education educational objectives during their emergency medicine (EM) clerkship.MethodsThis was a prospective survey study of fourth‐year medical students during their EM clerkship in a single academic emergency department. Students anonymously completed end‐of‐shift surveys if supervised by both resident and attending physicians. Students estimated the relative educational contribution from resident and attending on a 100‐point visual analog scale (–50 to 50) with –50 = 100% resident contribution, +50 = 100% attending contribution, and 0 = equal contributions by resident and attendings. Nine educational objectives were surveyed: evidence‐based medicine (EBM), clinical knowledge, chart documentation, bedside teaching, patient throughput, interpersonal communication, oral patient presentations, efficiency, and procedural instruction.ResultsWe collected 274 surveys from 65 students. Of the nine objectives, students perceived that residents contributed more than attendings in eight of nine (results reported as mean values with 95% confidence intervals): clinical knowledge –4.5 (–7.3 to –1.7), chart documentation –8.0 (–12.0 to –4.0), bedside teaching –8.6 (–12.0 to –5.2), throughput –13.0 (–16.4 to –9.6), oral presentations –14.2 (–17.3 to –11), efficiency –14.4 (–17.6 to –11.3), procedural instruction –20.2 (–24.0 to –16.5), and interpersonal communication –13.5 (–17.7 to –9.4). The sole outlier favoring attendings was EBM: 5.5 (1.9 to 9.1).ConclusionsMedical students perceive resident physicians to contribute more than attendings for most of their EM educational objectives, with faculty providing the greatest contribution to their EBM training.
Migration Factors in West African Immigrant Parents’ Perceptions of Their Children's Neighborhood Safety
Authors: Rasmussen Andrew , Cissé Aïcha , Han Ying , Roubeni Sonia 
Published: February 2018

AbstractImmigrants make up large proportions of many low‐income neighborhoods, but have been largely ignored in the neighborhood safety literature. We examined perceived safety's association with migration using a six‐item, child‐specific measure of parents’ perceptions of school‐aged (5–12 years of age) children's safety in a sample of 93 West African immigrant parents in New York City. Aims of the study were (a) to identify pre‐migration correlates (e.g., trauma in home countries), (b) to identify migration‐related correlates (e.g., immigration status, time spent separated from children during migration), and (c) to identify pre‐migration and migration correlates that accounted for variance after controlling for non‐migration‐related correlates (e.g., neighborhood crime, parents’ psychological distress). In a linear regression model, children's safety was associated with borough of residence, greater English ability, less emotional distress, less parenting difficulty, and a history of child separation. Parents’ and children's gender, parents’ immigration status, and the number of contacts in the U.S. pre‐migration and pre‐migration trauma were not associated with children's safety. That child separation was positively associated with safety perceptions suggests that the processes that facilitate parent–child separation might be reconceptualized as strengths for transnational families. Integrating migration‐related factors into the discussion of neighborhood safety for immigrant populations allows for more nuanced views of immigrant families’ well‐being in host countries.
Body size and body composition effects on heat loss from the hands during severe cold exposure
Authors: Payne Stephanie , Macintosh Alison , Stock Jay 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectivesThis study investigated the influence of body size and composition on maintaining hand temperature during severe cold exposure. The hand's high surface area‐to‐volume ratio predisposes the hand to heat loss, increasing the risk of cold injury and even hypothermia, which are major selective pressures in cold environments. While vasoregulation may reduce heat loss from the hand, the effect of body form, tissue thermogenesis, and body insulation on heat loss is unknown.Materials and MethodsThermal imaging was used to determine heat loss during a 3‐min ice‐water hand immersion test carried out on 114 volunteers (female = 63, male = 51). Established anthropometric measures were used to quantify body size, and bioelectrical impedance analysis determined skeletal muscle and fat mass.ResultsSkeletal muscle mass relative to body mass was a highly significant predictor of heat loss, while body mass, fat mass, and stature were not. Body composition and body size had little to no significant influence during rewarming after immersion.DiscussionThe thermogenic properties of muscle mass support maintenance of hand temperature during severe cold exposure. The findings here suggest that muscular individuals are less susceptible to heat loss and cold injury, and may be better at manual tasks in cold conditions than nonmuscular individuals.
Reifung von Proben beeinflusst die Effizienz der Kernpolarisation
Authors: Weber Emmanuelle M. M. , Sicoli Giuseppe , Vezin Hervé , Frébourg Ghislaine , Abergel Daniel , Bodenhausen Geoffrey , Kurzbach Dennis 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMischungen von Wasser und Glycerin sind populäre Matrizen für die Tieftemperaturspektroskopie verglaster Proben. Allerdings besitzen solche Mischungen konterintuitive Eigenschaften, wie spontane Nanophasenseparation in Lösungen, die makroskopisch homogen scheinen. Wir zeigen hier, dass solche Phänomene die Effizienz der dynamischen Kernpolarisation stark beeinflussen können, durch Fluktuation der lokalen Konzentration der Polarisationsmittel (Radikale) um bis zu 20 %. Spontane Nanophasenseparationen, die auf Zeitskalen von 30–60 min stattfinden, resultieren in lokalen wasserreichen Einschlüssen mit erhöhter Radikalkonzentration. Solche Phänomene wurden für die drei häufigen Polarisationsmittel TEMPOL, AMUPol und Trityl beobachtet.
Metal–Organic Frameworks for High Charge–Discharge Rates in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Jiang Haoqing , Liu Xiao‐Chen , Wu Yushan , Shu Yufei , Gong Xuan , Ke Fu‐Sheng , Deng Hexiang 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe report a new method to promote the conductivities of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) by 5 to 7 magnitudes, thus their potential in electrochemical applications can be fully revealed. This method combines the polarity and porosity advantages of MOFs with the conductive feature of conductive polymers, in this case, polypyrrole (ppy), to construct ppy‐MOF compartments for the confinement of sulfur in Li–S batteries. The performances of these ppy‐S‐in‐MOF electrodes exceed those of their MOF and ppy counterparts, especially at high charge–discharge rates. For the first time, the critical role of ion diffusion to the high rate performance was elucidated by comparing ppy‐MOF compartments with different pore geometries. The ppy‐S‐in‐PCN‐224 electrode with cross‐linked pores and tunnels stood out, with a high capacity of 670 and 440 mAh g−1 at 10.0 C after 200 and 1000 cycles, respectively, representing a new benchmark for long‐cycle performance at high rate in Li–S batteries.
Coupling of Bifunctional CoMn‐Layered Double Hydroxide@Graphitic C3N4 Nanohybrids towards Efficient Photoelectrochemical Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Arif Muhammad , Yasin Ghulam , Shakeel Muhammad , Fang Xiaoyu , Gao Rui , Ji Shengfu , Yan Dongpeng 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe development of durable, low‐cost, and efficient photo‐/electrolysis for the oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions (OER and HER) is important to fulfill increasing energy requirements. Herein, highly efficient and active photo‐/electrochemical catalysts, that is, CoMn‐LDH@g‐C3N4 hybrids, have been synthesized successfully through a facile in situ co‐precipitation method at room temperature. The CoMn‐LDH@g‐C3N4 composite exhibits an obvious OER electrocatalytic performance with a current density of 40 mA cm−2 at an overpotential of 350 mV for water oxidation, which is 2.5 times higher than pure CoMn‐LDH nanosheets. For HER, CoMn‐LDH@g‐C3N4 (η50=−448 mV) requires a potential close to Pt/C (η50=−416 mV) to reach a current density of 50 mA cm2. Furthermore, under visible‐light irradiation, the photocurrent density of the CoMn‐LDH@g‐C3N4 composite is 0.227 mA cm−2, which is 2.1 and 3.8 time higher than pristine CoMn‐LDH (0.108 mA cm−2) and g‐C3N4 (0.061 mA cm−2), respectively. The CoMn‐LDH@g‐C3N4 composite delivers a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at 1.56 V and 100 mA cm−2 at 1.82 V for the overall water‐splitting reaction. Therefore, this work establishes the first example of pure CoMn‐LDH and CoMn‐LDH@g‐C3N4 hybrids as electrochemical and photoelectrochemical water‐splitting systems for both OER and HER, which may open a pathway to develop and explore other LDH and g‐C3N4 nanosheets as efficient catalysts for renewable energy applications.
Carbon and Carbon Hybrid Materials as Anodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhong Xiongwu , Wu Ying , Zeng Sifan , Yu Yan 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have attracted much attention for application in large‐scale grid energy storage owing to the abundance and low cost of sodium sources. However, low energy density and poor cycling life hinder practical application of SIBs. Recently, substantial efforts have been made to develop electrode materials to push forward large‐scale practical applications. Carbon materials can be directly used as anode materials, and they show excellent sodium storage performance. Additionally, designing and constructing carbon hybrid materials is an effective strategy to obtain high‐performance anodes for SIBs. In this review, we summarize recent research progress on carbon and carbon hybrid materials as anodes for SIBs. Nanostructural design to enhance the sodium storage performance of anode materials is discussed, and we offer some insight into the potential directions of and future high‐performance anode materials for SIBs.
Special interests and subjective wellbeing in autistic adults
Authors: Grove Rachel , Hoekstra Rosa A , Wierda Marlies , Begeer Sander 
Published: February 2018

Special interests form part of the core features of autism. However, to date there has been limited research focusing on the role of special interests in the lives of autistic adults. This study surveyed autistic adults on their special interest topics, intensity, and motivation. It also assessed the relationship between special interests and a range of quality of life measures including subjective wellbeing and domain specific life satisfaction. About two thirds of the sample reported having a special interest, with relatively more males reporting a special interest than females. Special interest topics included computers, autism, music, nature and gardening. Most autistic adults engaged in more than one special interest, highlighting that these interests may not be as narrow as previously described. There were no differences in subjective wellbeing between autistic adults with and without special interests. However, for autistic adults who did have special interests, motivation for engaging in special interests was associated with increased subjective wellbeing. This indicates that motivation may play an important role in our understanding of special interests in autism. Special interests had a positive impact on autistic adults and were associated with higher subjective wellbeing and satisfaction across specific life domains including social contact and leisure. However, a very high intensity of engagement with special interests was negatively related to wellbeing. Combined, these findings have important implications for the role of special interests in the lives of autistic adults. Autism Res 2018, 11: 766–775. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryAutistic adults reported having special interests in a range of topics, including computers, music, autism, nature and gardening. Special interests were associated with a number of positive outcomes for autistic adults. They were also related to subjective wellbeing and satisfaction across specific life domains including social contact and leisure. Very high intensity of engagement with special interests was related to lower levels of wellbeing. This highlights the important role that special interests play in the lives of autistic adults.
3‐D‐Druck mit Beton: Sachstand, Entwicklungstendenzen, Herausforderungen
Authors: Mechtcherine Viktor , Nerella Venkatesh Naidu 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDie Entwicklung digitaler Betondruckverfahren zur Herstellung von Betonbauteilen direkt auf der Baustelle oder im Fertigteilwerk ist ein entscheidender Schritt auf dem Weg zur Einführung des Industrie‐4.0‐Konzepts in das Bauwesen, nämlich von der bereits existierenden digitalen Bauplanung (CAD, BIM) bis hin zur digitalen Fertigung. Das technologische und wirtschaftliche Potenzial des digitalen Betonbaus wurde inzwischen von vielen am Bau Beteiligten und Forschern erkannt; der Umfang von Innovationsaktivitäten auf diesem Gebiet steigt von Monat zu Monat. Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über diese Entwicklungen und bewertet sie kritisch. Nach der Vorstellung alternativer Ansätze der digitalen Fertigung befassen sich die Autoren näher mit den auf der Extrusion basierenden Verfahren. Für den 3‐D‐Druck mit Beton sind diese Verfahren derzeit am häufigsten verwendet und weisen auch das größte Potenzial im Hinblick auf die Überführung der neuen Technologie in die Baupraxis auf. Dabei stehen jedoch zahlreiche Herausforderungen bezüglich Materialentwicklung und ‐prüfung, Bemessung, Maschinentechnik und vieles mehr an. Auf diese Herausforderungen wird im vorliegenden Aufsatz ebenfalls eingegangen und es werden mögliche Lösungsansätze skizziert.
Cerebral embolization, silent cerebral infarction and neurocognitive decline after thoracic endovascular aortic repair
Authors: Perera A. H. , Rudarakanchana N. , Monzon L. , Bicknell C. D. , Modarai B. , Kirmi O. , Athanasiou T. , Hamady M. , Gibbs R. G. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Background
Silent cerebral infarction is brain injury detected incidentally on imaging; it can be associated with cognitive decline and future stroke. This study investigated cerebral embolization, silent cerebral infarction and neurocognitive decline following thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR).

Methods
Patients undergoing elective or emergency TEVAR at Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust and Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust between January 2012 and April 2015 were recruited. Aortic atheroma graded from 1 (normal) to 5 (mobile atheroma) was evaluated by preoperative CT. Patients underwent intraoperative transcranial Doppler imaging (TCD), preoperative and postoperative cerebral MRI, and neurocognitive assessment.

Results
Fifty-two patients underwent TEVAR. Higher rates of TCD-detected embolization were observed with greater aortic atheroma (median 207 for grade 4–5 versus 100 for grade 1–3; P = 0·042), more proximal landing zones (median 450 for zone 0–1 versus 72 for zone 3–4; P = 0·001), and during stent-graft deployment and contrast injection (P = 0·001). In univariable analysis, left subclavian artery bypass (β coefficient 0·423, s.e. 132·62, P = 0·005), proximal landing zone 0–1 (β coefficient 0·504, s.e. 170·57, P = 0·001) and arch hybrid procedure (β coefficient 0·514, s.e. 182·96, P &lt; 0·001) were predictors of cerebral emboli. Cerebral infarction was detected in 25 of 31 patients (81 per cent) who underwent MRI: 21 (68 per cent) silent and four (13 per cent) clinical strokes. Neurocognitive decline was seen in six of seven domains assessed in 15 patients with silent cerebral infarction, with age a significant predictor of decline.

Conclusion
This study demonstrates a high rate of cerebral embolization and neurocognitive decline affecting patients following TEVAR. Brain injury after TEVAR is more common than previously recognized, with cerebral infarction in more than 80 per cent of patients.