bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Routinely collected infant feeding data: Time for global action
Authors: Whitford Heather , Hoddinott Pat , Amir Lisa H. , Chamberlain Catherine , East Christine E. , Jones Leanne , Renfrew Mary J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe importance of breastfeeding is clear. However, global action to support breastfeeding is hindered by the lack of reliable standard data, which continues to impede progress. Routinely collected data can monitor the effectiveness of health policy, evaluate interventions, and enhance international research collaboration and comparisons. Use of routine data to support effective public health initiatives such as smoking cessation has been demonstrated. However, the data collected about infant feeding practices worldwide is inconsistent in timing, methods, definitions, detail, storage, and consistency. Improvements to the reach and quality of routinely collected data about infant feeding are needed to strengthen the global evidence and policy base. An international collaborative effort is called for to progress this.
Role of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor in the pathogenesis of distention‐associated abdominal pain in bowel obstruction
Authors: Fu Y. , Lin Y. M. , Winston J. H. , Radhakrishnan R. , Huang L.‐Y. M. , Shi X. Z. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies found that visceral sensitivity is increased in bowel obstruction (BO). We hypothesized that mechanical stress‐induced expression ofBDNFin smooth muscle cells (SMC) of the distended bowel plays a critical role in visceral hypersensitivity inBOby altering voltage‐gated K+channel (Kv) activity in sensory neurons.MethodsPartial colon obstruction was maintained in rats for 7 days. Colon‐projecting neurons in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG, T13 to L2) were isolated for electrophysiological and gene expression studies.Key ResultsCompared to controls, membrane excitability of colon‐projectingDRGneurons was markedly enhanced inBO. The densities of total Kvand transient A‐type (IA) K+currents, but not sustained delayedIKcurrent, were significantly reduced in the neurons inBO. ThemRNAexpression ofIAsubtype Kv1.4 in colon neurons was down‐regulated inBO. Expression ofBDNF mRNAand protein was dramatically increased in colonic smooth muscle of the distended segment, but not in the non‐distended aboral segment. Mechanical stretch of colonSMCin vitro increasedBDNFexpression. Treatment with anti‐BDNFantibody restored total KvandIAcurrents of neurons fromBOrats. Administration of Trk B inhibitorANA‐12 blockedBO‐associated changes of neuronal excitability, Kvactivity and gene expression in obstruction.Conclusions and InferencesMechanical stress‐induced expression ofBDNFin colonSMCplays a critical role in visceral hypersensitivity inBOby suppressing A‐type K+currents and gene expression in sensory nerve. These findings help to identify therapeutic targets for distention‐associated abdominal pain in the gut.
Musical rhythm and reading development: does beat processing matter?
Authors: Ozernov‐Palchik Ola , Patel Aniruddh D. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThere is mounting evidence for links between musical rhythm processing and reading‐related cognitive skills, such as phonological awareness. This may be because music and speech are rhythmic: both involve processing complex sound sequences with systematic patterns of timing, accent, and grouping. Yet, there is a salient difference between musical and speech rhythm: musical rhythm is often beat‐based (based on an underlying grid of equal time intervals), while speech rhythm is not. Thus, the role of beat‐based processing in the reading–rhythm relationship is not clear. Is there is a distinct relation between beat‐based processing mechanisms and reading‐related language skills, or is the rhythm–reading link entirely due to shared mechanisms for processing nonbeat‐based aspects of temporal structure? We discuss recent evidence for a distinct link between beat‐based processing and early reading abilities in young children, and suggest experimental designs that would allow one to further methodically investigate this relationship. We propose that beat‐based processing taps into a listener's ability to use rich contextual regularities to form predictions, a skill important for reading development.
Weight loss interventions for adults with overweight/obesity and chronic musculoskeletal pain: a mixed methods systematic review
Authors: Cooper L. , Ryan C. G. , Ells L. J. , Hamilton S. , Atkinson G. , Cooper K. , Johnson M. I. , Kirwan J. P. , Martin D. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryWorldwide prevalence of adult overweight and obesity is a growing public health issue. Adults with overweight/obesity often have chronic musculoskeletal pain. Using a mixed‐methods review, we aimed to quantify the effectiveness and explore the appropriateness of weight loss interventions for this population. Electronic databases were searched for studies published between 01/01/90 and 01/07/16. The review included 14 randomized controlled trials that reported weight and pain outcomes and three qualitative studies that explored perceptions of adults with co‐existing overweight/obesity and chronic musculoskeletal pain. The random‐effects pooled mean weight loss was 4.9 kg (95%CI:2.9,6.8) greater for intervention vs control. The pooled mean reduction in pain was 7.3/100 units (95%CI:4.1,10.5) greater for intervention vs control. Study heterogeneity was substantial for weight loss (I2 = 95%, tau = ±3.5 kg) and pain change (I2 = 67%, tau = ±4.1%). Meta‐regression slopes for the predictors of study quality, mean age and baseline mean weight on mean study weight reduction were shallow and not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The meta‐regression slope between mean pain reduction and mean weight lost was shallow, and not statistically significant, −0.09 kg per unit pain score change (95%CI:−0.21,0.40, P = 0.54). Meta‐synthesis of qualitative findings resulted in two synthesized findings; the importance of healthcare professionals understanding the effects of pain on ability to control weight and developing management/education programmes that address comorbidity.
Cardiac autonomic modulation and long‐term use of amiodarone in patients with chronic Chagasic cardiopathy
Authors: Fortes Silva Henriette Elena , de Almeida Renan Sandoval , Silveira Danilo Batista , Llaguno Maurício , Resende Luiz Antônio Pertili Rodrigues , Dias da Silva Valdo José , Correia Dalmo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundPatients with chronic Chagas cardiopathy (CCC), which may be associated with cardiac arrhythmias, frequently use amiodarone, an antiarrhythmic drug that, experimentally, appears to modulate the cardiac autonomic function.ObjectiveThe present cross‐sectional observational study aimed to evaluate autonomic cardiac modulation in patients with CCC undergoing chronic amiodarone therapy.MethodsThree groups were investigated: Group 1 included patients with CCC not treated with amiodarone (n = 27); Group 2 included patients with CCC with prolonged use (at least 6 months) of amiodarone (n = 16); and Group 3 included non‐Chagasic control patients (n = 23). All patients underwent a complete clinical and laboratory assessment, followed by autonomic function tests, consisting of a basal continuous electrocardiogram in the resting supine position for 10 minutes, followed by a change the orthostatic posture for a further 5 minutes. Heart rate variability (HRV) parameters (median and interquartile interval) were quantified using linear methods in the time‐ and frequency‐domains (autoregressive spectral analysis) and nonlinear methods, including symbolic analysis.ResultsPatients with CCC using amiodarone had changes in HRV suggestive of an offset in the sympatho‐vagal balance with a vagal modulation predominance (normalized HF, 49.7[27.4] vs 31.1[22.8] [P < 0.05]; and percentage 2V, 40.1 [14.6] vs 21.5 [13.4] [P < 0.05] vs untreated CCC group). These changes were further accompanied by increases in parameters indicative of greater complexity of HRV.ConclusionsThe deviation in the sympatho‐vagal balance and the increase in the complexity of HRV strongly suggest that amiodarone may have a cardioprotective effect, in addition to its antiarrhythmic effects, which could increase the survival of these patients.
A homozygous SCN5A mutation associated with atrial standstill and sudden death
Authors: Tan Reina Bianca , Gando Ivan , Bu Lei , Cecchin Frank , Coetzee William 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundAtrial standstill is an arrhythmogenic condition characterized by the absence of spontaneous electrical and mechanical atrial activity or in response to stimulation. There are few reported familial cases which have been associated with SCN5A mutations cosegregating with GJA5 or RYR2; however, isolated SCN5A mutations are rare.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine the clinical and biophysical consequence of a novel SCN5A mutation identified in a family with progressive atrial standstill and sudden death.MethodsThe family of a sporadic case of congenital atrial standstill underwent genetic screening. Human Embryonic Kidney 293 cells were transfected with wild‐type (WT) or mutant SCN5A cDNAs. Biophysical properties were studied using whole‐cell using patch clamp methods.ResultsA novel homozygous SCN5A mutation, p.V1340L, was identified in the proband and her sister. The proband had complete atrial standstill whereas the sister had partial atrial standstill. Heterozygous mutations were identified in the mother, father, and brother. All three had normal sinus rhythm and were asymptomatic. The mutant Nav1.5(V1340L) reduced Nav1.5 current density as well as showed a depolarizing shift in the voltage‐dependent steady‐state activation (WT: −35.3 ± 1.62 mV; V1340L: −22.4 ± 2.59 mV; P = 0.001).ConclusionsA homozygous loss‐of‐function SCN5A mutation likely results in atrial standstill and sudden death due to suppression of initiation of action potential.
The unsafe haven: Eating disorders as attachment relationships
Authors: Forsén Mantilla Emma , Clinton David , Birgegård Andreas 
Published: May 2018

ObjectivesSome patients with eating disorders (EDs) seem to experience their illness as an entity, a symbolic other to whom they relate, and which may influence both symptom levels and self‐image. Extending previous research, this study investigated whether the patient–ED relationship has attachment qualities.DesignStructural Analysis of Social Behaviour was used to operationalize the patient–ED relationship, and the Attachment Style Questionnaire was used to measure attachment.MethodWe examined ED patients’ (N = 148) relationship with their ED, attachment behaviour, symptoms, and self‐image. Attachment dimensions of Confidence, Anxious/ambivalence, and Avoidance were found to be significantly correlated with aspects of the patient–ED relationship. Introjection (i.e., whether ED actions were incorporated into patients’ self‐image) was investigated by examining the match between self‐image profiles and the actions of patients’ EDs. A double mediation model was tested in which ED control/emancipation and patients’ Self‐blame mediated the effect of attachment security on ED symptoms.ResultsAttachment insecurity was associated with greater ED control and patient submission. In 28.5% of patients, there was a high degree of correlation between self‐image and ED action profile. Data supported the mediation model.ConclusionsAttachment processes appear to be associated with the manner in which ED patients relate to their disorder, at least in some cases. Attempts to maintain psychological proximity to the ED as an introjected attachment figure may help to explain treatment resistance and ambivalence about change. This perspective may be useful in treatment.Practitioner points

Attachment behaviours are associated with the patient–ED relationship, in which attachment insecurity is correlated with greater eating disorder control and patient submission.

Some patients seem to incorporate the actions of the ED in their self‐image, suggesting the presence of introjection.

The patient–ED relationship may help explain patients’ anxiety and ambivalence about change, seen from an attachment perspective.

In treatment, it may be important to explore alternative safe havens and secure bases to the ED, such as interpersonal relationships and activities.
The ethics of crashes with self‐driving cars: A roadmap, I
Authors: Nyholm Sven 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSelf‐driving cars hold out the promise of being much safer than regular cars. Yet they cannot be 100% safe. Accordingly, they need to be programmed for how to deal with crash scenarios. Should cars be programmed to always prioritize their owners, to minimize harm, or to respond to crashes on the basis of some other type of principle? The article first discusses whether everyone should have the same “ethics settings.” Next, the oft‐made analogy with the trolley problem is examined. Then follows an assessment of recent empirical work on lay‐people's attitudes about crash algorithms relevant to the ethical issue of crash optimization. Finally, the article discusses what traditional ethical theories such as utilitarianism, Kantianism, virtue ethics, and contractualism imply about how cars should handle crash scenarios. The aim of the article is to provide an overview of the existing literature on these topics and to assess how far the discussion has gotten so far.
Revisiting the Table 2 fallacy: A motivating example examining preeclampsia and preterm birth
Authors: Bandoli Gretchen , Palmsten Kristin , Chambers Christina D. , Jelliffe‐Pawlowski Laura L. , Baer Rebecca J. , Thompson Caroline A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundA “Table Fallacy,” as coined by Westreich and Greenland, reports multiple adjusted effect estimates from a single model. This practice, which remains common in published literature, can be problematic when different types of effect estimates are presented together in a single table. The purpose of this paper is to quantitatively illustrate this potential for misinterpretation with an example estimating the effects of preeclampsia on preterm birth.MethodsWe analysed a retrospective population‐based cohort of 2 963 888 singleton births in California between 2007 and 2012. We performed a modified Poisson regression to calculate the total effect of preeclampsia on the risk of PTB, adjusting for previous preterm birth. pregnancy alcohol abuse, maternal education, and maternal socio‐demographic factors (Model 1). In subsequent models, we report the total effects of previous preterm birth, alcohol abuse, and education on the risk of PTB, comparing and contrasting the controlled direct effects, total effects, and confounded effect estimates, resulting from Model 1.ResultsThe effect estimate for previous preterm birth (a controlled direct effect in Model 1) increased 10% when estimated as a total effect. The risk ratio for alcohol abuse, biased due to an uncontrolled confounder in Model 1, was reduced by 23% when adjusted for drug abuse. The risk ratio for maternal education, solely a predictor of the outcome, was essentially unchanged.ConclusionsReporting multiple effect estimates from a single model may lead to misinterpretation and lack of reproducibility. This example highlights the need for careful consideration of the types of effects estimated in statistical models.
Effect of Deploying Trained Community Based Reproductive Health Nurses (CORN) on Long‐Acting Reversible Contraception (LARC) Use in Rural Ethiopia: A Cluster Randomized Community Trial
Authors: Zerfu Taddese Alemu , Ayele Henok Taddese , Bogale Tariku Nigatu 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTo investigate the effect of innovative means to distribute LARC on contraceptive use, we implemented a three arm, parallel groups, cluster randomized community trial design. The intervention consisted of placing trained community‐based reproductive health nurses (CORN) within health centers or health posts. The nurses provided counseling to encourage women to use LARC and distributed all contraceptive methods. A total of 282 villages were randomly selected and assigned to a control arm (n = 94) or 1 of 2 treatment arms (n = 94 each). The treatment groups differed by where the new service providers were deployed, health post or health center. We calculated difference‐in‐difference (DID) estimates to assess program impacts on LARC use. After nine months of intervention, the use of LARC methods increased significantly by 72.3 percent, while the use of short acting methods declined by 19.6 percent. The proportion of women using LARC methods increased by 45.9 percent and 45.7 percent in the health post and health center based intervention arms, respectively. Compared to the control group, the DID estimates indicate that the use of LARC methods increased by 11.3 and 12.3 percentage points in the health post and health center based intervention arms. Given the low use of LARC methods in similar settings, deployment of contextually trained nurses at the grassroots level could substantially increase utilization of these methods.
Joint Central Limit Theorem for Eigenvalue Statistics from Several Dependent Large Dimensional Sample Covariance Matrices with Application
Authors: Li Weiming , Li Zeng , Yao Jianfeng 
Published: May 2018

AbstractLet Xn = (xij) be a k×n data matrix with complex‐valued, independent and standardized entries satisfying a Lindeberg‐type moment condition. We consider simultaneously R sample covariance matrices
, where the Qr's are non‐random real matrices with common dimensions p×k(k≥p). Assuming that both the dimension p and the sample size n grow to infinity, the limiting distributions of the eigenvalues of the matrices {Bnr} are identified, and as the main result of the paper, we establish a joint central limit theorem (CLT) for linear spectral statistics of the R matrices {Bnr}. Next, this new CLT is applied to the problem of testing a high‐dimensional white noise in time series modelling. In experiments, the derived test has a controlled size and is significantly faster than the classical permutation test, although it does have lower power. This application highlights the necessity of such joint CLT in the presence of several dependent sample covariance matrices. In contrast, all the existing works on CLT for linear spectral statistics of large sample covariance matrices deal with a single sample covariance matrix (R = 1).
Bayesian nonparametric inference beyond the Gibbs‐type framework
Authors: Camerlenghi Federico , Lijoi Antonio , Prünster Igor 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe definition and investigation of general classes of nonparametric priors has recently been an active research line in Bayesian statistics. Among the various proposals, the Gibbs‐type family, which includes the Dirichlet process as a special case, stands out as the most tractable class of nonparametric priors for exchangeable sequences of observations. This is the consequence of a key simplifying assumption on the learning mechanism, which, however, has justification except that of ensuring mathematical tractability. In this paper, we remove such an assumption and investigate a general class of random probability measures going beyond the Gibbs‐type framework. More specifically, we present a nonparametric hierarchical structure based on transformations of completely random measures, which extends the popular hierarchical Dirichlet process. This class of priors preserves a good degree of tractability, given that we are able to determine the fundamental quantities for Bayesian inference. In particular, we derive the induced partition structure and the prediction rules and characterize the posterior distribution. These theoretical results are also crucial to devise both a marginal and a conditional algorithm for posterior inference. An illustration concerning prediction in genomic sequencing is also provided.
Situating the self in global context: Reconceptualizing transnational and cosmopolitan identities
Authors: Watson Lesley 
Published: May 2018

AbstractScholars interested in the effects of globalization on internationally mobile individuals have tended to study this by drawing comparisons between national identity and transnationalism (i.e., connectedness and involvement in more than one country simultaneously) and cosmopolitanism (i.e., a sense of belonging to the world as a whole rather than a single nation). Empirical patterns generally suggest the pervasiveness and resilience of national identity even among globally mobile populations, but findings do show that international experience can bring about changes to individual identity. By comparing transnationalism and cosmopolitanism to national identity, the extant literature makes a tacit assumption that these identities are group‐based. The social psychological literature on identity refers to three different types, or bases, of identity: group, role, and person. This paper argues for a reconceptualization of transnationalism and cosmopolitanism as role‐ or person‐based identities, and outlines several avenues for research based on this reconceptualization.
Sequels to tattoo removal by caustic products
Authors: Hutton Carlsen K. , Serup J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundCaustic products are used as affordable alternatives to laser removal of tattoos.ObjectiveDescribe a series of patients with sequels after tattoo removal by caustic products.Methods11 patients with complications referred from 2013 to 2017 were studied. Objective findings, sequels, corrective treatments, cost and psychological aspects were obtained. Numeric Rating Scale (NRS, score 10 extremely dissatisfied) was used to describe patient satisfaction with tattoos before and after removal.ResultsScarring and residual tattoo pigments were detected in all patients. Chronic itching (73%), redness (73%) and swelling (64%) were frequent. Patients were less satisfied with their tattoo after removal attempts; Average NRS prior to removal was 7.5 (range 5‐10), and afterwards 8.9 (range 4.5‐10), t test non‐significant. Removal was performed by medical professionals (82%) and cosmetologists (18%), involving the marketed injection brands Tatt2Away and Rejuvi. Ten patients had corrections eg. laser, plastic surgery or cover‐up tattoos. Private expense for corrections was mean 1.953 EUR, not including consultations provided by the Hospital.ConclusionTattoo removal by caustic products can cause severe and chronic sequels with dissatisfaction despite therapeutic interventions to correct disfiguring changes. Removal by caustic products is freely permitted. Products are obscured and liability and consumer protection is unacceptable; limitation is needed.