bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The 8.2 ka cooling event in coastal East Asia: High-resolution pollen evidence from southwestern Korea
Authors: Park Jungjae , Park Jinheum , Yi Sangheon , Kim Jin Cheul , Lee Eunmi , Jin Qiuhong 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this study, we present a high-resolution multi-proxy record (pollen, magnetic susceptibility, and mean grain size) from Bigeum Island, South Korea, which mainly showed early Holocene paleoenvironmental change. Bigeum pollen records indicated that early Holocene climate variations in coastal East Asia were principally controlled by the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. Most importantly, the 8.2 ka cooling event was clearly recognized for the first time in coastal East Asia, where few high-resolution proxy data, such as ice core and stalagmite δ18O records, are available. The insular vegetation in the study site was extremely susceptible to even short-term climate changes, such as the 8.2 ka cooling event, which allowed a detailed climate reconstruction from pollen data. Early Holocene climate teleconnections between coastal East Asia and other regions were identified through regional comparisons of Greenland, China, Brazil, Spain, Madagascar, and Korea. Coastal East Asia is one of world’s most populated regions and will be particularly vulnerable to future climate change. Accurate and detailed paleoclimate proxy data, such as the Bigeum pollen record, will therefore be increasingly important in this region.
Highly efficient broadband second harmonic generation mediated by mode hybridization and nonlinearity patterning in compact fiber-integrated lithium niobate nano-waveguides
Authors: Cai Lutong , Gorbach Andrey V. , Wang Yiwen , Hu Hui , Ding Wei 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe inherent trade-off between efficiency and bandwidth of three-wave mixing processes in χ2 nonlinear waveguides is the major impediment for scaling down many well-established frequency conversion schemes onto the level of integrated photonic circuit. Here, we show that hybridization between modes of a silica microfiber and a LiNbO3 nanowaveguide, amalgamated with laminar χ2 patterning, offers an elegant approach for engineering broadband phase matching and high efficiency of three-wave mixing processes in an ultra-compact and natively fiber-integrated setup. We demonstrate exceptionally high normalized second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency of up to ηnor ≈ 460% W−1 cm−2, combined with a large phase matching bandwidth of Δλ ≈ 100 nm (bandwidth-length product of Δλ · L ≈ 5 μm2) near the telecom bands, and extraordinary adjustment flexibility.
Inertial-Based Filtration Method for Removal of Microcarriers from Mesenchymal Stem Cell Suspensions
Authors: Moloudi Reza , Oh Steve , Yang Chun , Teo Kim Leng , Lam Alan Tin-Lun , Warkiani Majid Ebrahimi , Naing May Win 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRapidly evolving cell-based therapies towards clinical trials demand alternative approaches for efficient expansion of adherent cell types such as human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Using microcarriers (100–300 µm) in a stirred tank bioreactor offers considerably enhanced surface to volume ratio of culture environment. However, downstream purification of the harvested cell product needs to be addressed carefully due to distinctive features and fragility of these cell products. This work demonstrates a novel alternative approach which utilizes inertial focusing to separate microcarriers (MCs) from the final cell suspension. First, we systematically investigated MC focusing dynamics inside scaled-up curved channels with trapezoidal and rectangular cross-sections. A trapezoidal spiral channel with ultra-low-slope (Tan(α) = 0.0375) was found to contribute to strong MC focusing (~300 < Re < ~400) while managing high MC volume fractions up to ~1.68%. Accordingly, the high-throughput trapezoidal spiral channel successfully separated MCs from hMSC suspension with total cell yield~94% (after two passes) at a high volumetric flow rate of ~30 mL/min (Re~326.5).
A spatio-temporal land use and land cover reconstruction for India from 1960–2010
Authors: Moulds Simon , Buytaert Wouter , Mijic Ana 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn recent decades India has undergone substantial land use/land cover change as a result of population growth and economic development. Historical land use/land cover maps are necessary to quantify the impact of change at global and regional scales, improve predictions about the quantity and location of future change and support planning decisions. Here, a regional land use change model driven by district-level inventory data is used to generate an annual time series of high-resolution gridded land use/land cover maps for the Indian subcontinent between 1960–2010. The allocation procedure is based on statistical analysis of the relationship between contemporary land use/land cover and various spatially explicit covariates. A comparison of the simulated map for 1985 against remotely-sensed land use/land cover maps for 1985 and 2005 reveals considerable discrepancy between the simulated and remote sensing maps, much of which arises due to differences in the amount of land use/land cover change between the inventory data and the remote sensing maps.
The HAM10000 dataset, a large collection of multi-source dermatoscopic images of common pigmented skin lesions
Authors: Tschandl Philipp , Rosendahl Cliff , Kittler Harald 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTraining of neural networks for automated diagnosis of pigmented skin lesions is hampered by the small size and lack of diversity of available datasets of dermatoscopic images. We tackle this problem by releasing the HAM10000 (“Human Against Machine with 10000 training images”) dataset. We collected dermatoscopic images from different populations acquired and stored by different modalities. Given this diversity we had to apply different acquisition and cleaning methods and developed semi-automatic workflows utilizing specifically trained neural networks. The final dataset consists of 10015 dermatoscopic images which are released as a training set for academic machine learning purposes and are publicly available through the ISIC archive. This benchmark dataset can be used for machine learning and for comparisons with human experts. Cases include a representative collection of all important diagnostic categories in the realm of pigmented lesions. More than 50% of lesions have been confirmed by pathology, while the ground truth for the rest of the cases was either follow-up, expert consensus, or confirmation by in-vivo confocal microscopy.
Feasibility of an automotive radar antenna at 77 GHz on LTCC substrate
Authors: Galvis Salzburg Carlos , Vaupel Thomas , Bertuch Thomas , Wilhelm Marko , Wichmann Thomas , Tejero Alfageme Simon 
Published: August 2018

The feasibility of microstrip planar antenna arrays printed on a low‐temperature co‐fired ceramic (LTCC) substrate for an automotive long‐range radar application at the frequency of 77 GHz is investigated. The antenna configuration consists of three receiving (RX) and two transmitting (TX) microstrip patch antennas. The full three‐dimensional electromagnetic simulations show, despite the high permittivity and losses of the LTCC substrate, that the achievable impedance matching is wider than 1 GHz and the combination of TX and RX radiation patterns satisfies typical requirements in the azimuthal and elevation planes. Problematic, however, is the reduced antenna gain that can be achieved for a given radiation pattern shape due to the relatively high‐dielectric losses.
Radio‐frequency interference to automotive radar sensors
Authors: Stove Andrew , Baker Chris 
Published: August 2018

Cases of interference between pulsed radars, frequency‐modulated continuous wave and noise‐modulated automotive radars at frequencies around 24 and 77 GHz are considered, and it is shown that pulse‐ and frequency‐modulated waveforms are very robust to interference from each other if the radar receiver is properly designed. Noise modulations are much harder to handle efficiently. Interference from other sources and the potential for deliberate jamming are also considered.
GaiaDR2 study of Herbig Ae/Be stars
Authors: Vioque M. , Oudmaijer R. D. , Baines D. , Mendigutía I. , Pérez-Martínez R. 
Published: August 2018

Aims.We useGaiaData Release 2 (DR2) to place 252 Herbig Ae/Be stars in the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram and investigate their characteristics and properties.Methods.For all known Herbig Ae/Be stars with parallaxes inGaiaDR2, we collected their atmospheric parameters and photometric and extinction values from the literature. To these data we added near-infrared and mid-infrared photometry, and collected Hαemission line properties such as equivalent widths and line profiles, and their binarity status. In addition, we developed a photometric variability indicator fromGaia’s DR2 information.Results.We provide masses, ages, luminosities, distances, photometric variabilities and IR excesses homogeneously derived for the most complete sample of Herbig Ae/Be stars to date. We find that high-mass stars have a much smaller IR excess and have much lower optical variabilities compared to lower-mass stars, with the break at around 7M⊙. Hαemission is generally correlated with IR excess, with the correlation being stronger for IR emission at wavelengths tracing the hot dust closest to the star. The variability indicator as developed by us shows that ∼25% of all Herbig Ae/Be stars are strongly variable. We observe that the strongly variable objects display doubly peaked Hαline profiles, indicating an edge-on disk.Conclusions.The fraction of strongly variable Herbig Ae stars is close to that found for A-type UX Ori stars. It had been suggested that this variability is in most cases due to asymmetric dusty disk structures seen edge-on. The observation here is in strong support of this hypothesis. Finally, the difference in dust properties occurs at 7M⊙, while various properties traced at UV/optical wavelengths differ at a lower mass, 3M⊙. The latter has been linked to different accretion mechanisms at work, whereas the differing IR properties and photometric variabilities are related to different or differently acting (dust-)disk-dispersal mechanisms.
Milky Way demographics with the VVV survey
Authors: Alonso-García Javier , Saito Roberto K. , Hempel Maren , Minniti Dante , Pullen Joyce , Catelan Márcio , Ramos Rodrigo Contreras , Cross Nicholas J. G. , Gonzalez Oscar A. , Lucas Philip W. , Palma Tali , Valenti Elena , Zoccali Manuela 
Published: August 2018

Context. The inner regions of the Galaxy are severely affected by extinction, which limits our capability to study the stellar populations present there. The Vista Variables in the Vía Láctea (VVV) ESO Public Survey has observed this zone at near-infrared wavelengths where reddening is highly diminished.
Aims. By exploiting the high resolution and wide field-of-view of the VVV images we aim to produce a deep, homogeneous, and highly complete database of sources that cover the innermost regions of our Galaxy.
Methods. To better deal with the high crowding in the surveyed areas, we have used point spread function (PSF)-fitting techniques to obtain a new photometry of the VVV images, in the ZY JHKs near-infrared filters available.
Results. Our final catalogs contain close to one billion sources, with precise photometry in up to five near-infrared filters, and they are already being used to provide an unprecedented view of the inner Galactic stellar populations. We make these catalogs publicly available to the community. Our catalogs allow us to build the VVV giga-CMD, a series of color-magnitude diagrams of the inner regions of the Milky Way presented as supplementary videos. We provide a qualitative analysis of some representative CMDs of the inner regions of the Galaxy, and briefly mention some of the studies we have developed with this new dataset so far.
Stereoselective Reactions of ortho-Quinone Methide and ortho-Quinone Methide Imines and Their Utility in Natural Product Synthesis
Authors: Spivey Alan , Nielsen Christian , Abas Hossay 
Published: August 2018

Herein presented is a review of the reactivity and synthetic utility of ortho-quinone methides and ortho-quinone methide imines. These versatile intermediates have received significant attention in the literature and new methods for their preparation and reaction as well as recent applications in total synthesis are discussed.1	Introduction2	Conjugate Addition Reactions3	Concerted Cycloaddition Reactions4	Stepwise Addition Reactions5	Applications in Total Synthesis6	Conclusion
Fixing points on a shifting landscape
Authors: Breeze Ruth 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This paper focuses on reader comments published in two online UK newspapers (Mail Online and Independent) in response to articles about one discreditable incident involving a far-right political leader. The concepts of articulation and fixation are used to examine how these readers engage with the politician’s actions using ethical categories. While Independent readers build theoretical articulations between the politician’s actions and a generalised crisis of confidence in politics, readers of the Mail Online, regardless of their political sympathies, accept ethical categories as fixed points to anchor the discourse.
The Invisible Law of Visible Difference: Disfigurement in the Workplace
Authors: Saunders Hannah 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The Equality Act 2010 provides that people with severe disfigurements are deemed to be disabled. Through the lens of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and models of disability, this article highlights a number of difficulties with the the Act’s approach , including the problematic ‘severity’ threshold, the issue of complex conditions which include both disfigurement and functional impairment and a lack of provision for progressively disfiguring conditions. Analysis is then provided of opportunities to mitigate these difficulties, specifically the concept of perceptive discrimination, and the application of the duty to make reasonable adjustments to disfiguring conditions. It is argued that the law needs to be reformed and options for change are presented.
Prevalence and Distribution of Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis on Whole-spine Computed Tomography in Patients With Cervical Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament
Authors: Nishimura Soraya , Nagoshi Narihito , Iwanami Akio , Takeuchi Ayano , Hirai Takashi , Yoshii Toshitaka , Takeuchi Kazuhiro , Mori Kanji , Yamada Tsuyoshi , Seki Shoji , Tsuji Takashi , Fujiyoshi Kanehiro , Furukawa Mitsuru , Wada Kanichiro , Koda Masao , Furuya Takeo , Matsuyama Yukihiro , Hasegawa Tomohiko , Takeshita Katsushi , Kimura Atsushi , Abematsu Masahiko , Haro Hirotaka , Ohba Tetsuro , Watanabe Masahiko , Katoh Hiroyuki , Watanabe Kei , Ozawa Hiroshi , Kanno Haruo , Imagama Shiro , Ando Kei , Fujibayashi Shunsuke , Yamazaki Masashi , Watanabe Kota , Matsumoto Morio , Nakamura Masaya , Okawa Atsushi , Kawaguchi Yoshiharu 
Published: August 2018

Study Design:
This was a retrospective multicenter study.

Objective:
To clarify the progression of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) using whole-spine computed tomography in patients with cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL).

Summary of Background Data:
DISH and cervical OPLL frequently coexist, and can cause ankylosing spinal fractures due to biomechanical changes and fragility of the affected vertebrae. The epidemiology and pathophysiology of DISH occurring with cervical OPLL are unclear.

Materials and Methods:
We used whole-spine computed tomography to determine the prevalence of DISH in 234 patients with a diagnosis of cervical OPLL based on plain cervical radiographs. We established a novel system for grading the progression of DISH based on a cluster analysis of the DISH distribution along the spine. We calculated the correlation coefficient between this grading system and patient age.

Results:
The prevalence of DISH in patients with cervical OPLL was 48.7%. Patients with DISH were significantly older than those who did not have DISH (67.3 vs. 63.4 y; P=0.005). Cluster analysis classified the DISH distribution into 6 regions, based on the levels affected: C2–C5, C3–T1, C6–T5, T3–10, T8–L2, and T12–S1. DISH was observed most frequently at T3–T10. We defined a system for grading DISH progression based on the number of regions involved, from grade 0 to 6. DISH was distributed at T3–T10 in >60% of the grade 1 patients, whereas most patients with DISH at the cervical or lumbar spine were grade 4 or 5. There was a weak but significant correlation between the DISH grade and patient age.

Conclusions:
DISH was present in nearly half of the patients with cervical OPLL. DISH was more common in older patients. DISH developed at the thoracic level and progressed into the cervical and/or lumbar spine with age.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Predictors of Outcome in Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty: A Long-term Observation Study in Primary Angle-closure Glaucoma After Laser Peripheral Iridotomy Compared With Primary Open-angle Glaucoma
Authors: Kurysheva Natalia I. , Lepeshkina Lyudmila V. , Shatalova Ekaterina O. 
Published: August 2018

Purpose:
To evaluate the efficacy of selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) for patients with primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) following a YAG laser peripheral iridotomy (PI) in comparison with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and to assess the predictors of outcome of SLT.

Patients and Methods:
In retrospective study 68 patients with PACG after PI (68 eyes) and 74 POAG patients (74 eyes) were observed for 6 years. The effectiveness of SLT (20% reduction of intraocular pressure) was assessed using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. The parameters for distinguishing the eyes with success and failure of SLT were detected by means of area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The predictive factors affecting SLT outcome were determined using Cox-regression analysis.

Results:
The success ratio was 87% in both groups in 1 year and dropped to 4% in PACG and to 6% in POAG in 6 years. Corneal hysteresis [odds ratio (ОR)=0.367, Р=0.005 for PACG, ОR=0.446, Р=0.008 for POAG] and age (OR=1.182, P=0.012 for PACG, OR=1.164, P=0.002 for POAG) were detected as the predictors of SLT outcome. In PACG pre-SLT anterior chamber depth was additional predictor (ОR=0.242, Р=0.001). The number of pre-SLT pressure-lowing medications was higher in the eyes with SLT failure (AUC, 0.794; P=0.0005 in PACG and AUC, 0.760; P=0.014 in POAG).

Conclusions:
One-year efficacy of SLT in POAG and PACG after PI was high, but it was reduced in long-term period. Corneal hysteresis, age, and number of pre-SLT hypotensive eye drops were significant prognostic factors for treatment success in both glaucoma forms. In PACG pre-SLT anterior chamber depth affected the SLT outcome.
The Diagnostic Yield of Malignancy Comparing Cytology, FISH, and Molecular Analysis of Cell Free Cytology Brush Supernatant in Patients With Biliary Strictures Undergoing Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiography (ERC)
Authors: Kushnir Vladimir M. , Mullady Daniel K. , Das Koushik , Lang Gabriel , Hollander Thomas G. , Murad Faris M. , Jackson Sara A. , Toney Nicole A. , Finkelstein Sydney D. , Edmundowicz Steven A. 
Published: August 2018

Background:
Routine cytology of biliary stricture brushings obtained during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has suboptimal sensitivity for malignancy. We compared the individual and combined ability of cytology, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis and PCR-based mutation profiling (MP) to detect malignancy in standard biliary brushings.

Methods:
We performed a prospective study of patients undergoing ERCP using histology or 1 year follow-up to determine patient outcomes. MP was performed on free-DNA from biliary brushing specimens using normally discarded supernatant fluid. MP examined KRAS point mutations and tumor suppressor gene associated loss of heterozygosity mutations at 10 genomic loci. FISH examined chromosome specific gains or losses.

Results:
A total of 101 patients were included in final analysis and 69% had malignancy. Cytology had 26% sensitivity and 100% specificity for malignancy. Using either FISH or MP in combination with cytology increased sensitivity to 44% and 56%, respectively. The combination of all 3 tests (cytology, FISH, and MP) had the highest sensitivity for malignancy (66%). There was no difference in the specificity of cytology, FISH or MP testing when examined alone or in combination. MP improved diagnostic yield of each procedure from 22% to 100%; FISH improved yield to 90%. MP detected 21 malignancies beyond that identified by cytology; FISH detected an additional 13. The combination of FISH and MP testing detected an additional 28 malignancies.

Conclusions:
Both MP and FISH are complimentary molecular tests that can significantly increase detection of biliary malignancies when used in combination with routine cytology of standard biliary brush specimens.
Do Patients With More Education Receive More Subsidized Dental Care? Evidence From a Natural Experiment Using the Introduction of a School Reform in Norway as an Instrumental Variable
Authors: Grytten Jostein , Skau Irene 
Published: August 2018

Background:
In Norway, for several dental conditions, a substantial part of treatment costs are reimbursed by the National Insurance Scheme. Ideally, the probability of receiving subsidized dental care (SDC) should be independent of social determinants of health, such as education, so that dental services are accessible to everyone independent of their social status.

Objective:
The main objective of this study was to estimate the causal effect of education on the probability of receiving SDC in the adult Norwegian population.

Research Design:
During the period 1960–1972, all municipalities in Norway were required to increase the number of compulsory years of education from 7 to 9 years. This education reform was used to create exogenous variation in the education variable. Since municipalities implemented the reform at different times, we have both cross-sectional and time series variation in the reform instrument. Thus we were able to estimate the effect of education on the probability of receiving SDC by controlling for municipality fixed effects and trend variables.

Subjects:
This study included all Norwegian adults, born during the period of 1947–1958.

Measures:
Information about education (number of years), whether the individuals had received SDC, place of residence (municipality) was collected.

Results:
The probability of receiving SDC was found to increase by 2 percentage points per additional year of education.

Conclusion:
People with the most resources benefit the most from a universal welfare scheme that is addressed to reach everybody. We suggest providing information about the subsidy scheme in a way that is easily available and understandable to all individuals, independent of their level of education.
Paratesticular Fibrous Pseudotumor in Children: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Miscia Maria E. , Cecinati Valerio , Fusillo Mario , Persico Antonello , Lauriti Giuseppe , Lisi Gabriele , Lelli Chiesa Pierluigi 
Published: August 2018

Background:
Paratesticular fibrous pseudotumor (PFP) is a rare benign tumor that can mimic malignant tumors; thus, radical orchiectomy was the standard treatment in the past.

Observation:
A 15-year-old boy came to our attention for a hard right inguinal swelling. An ultrasound showed a highly vascularized mass. The boy underwent a gonadal-sparing excision of the mass that was diagnosed to be a PFP. The patient recovered well, without recurrences at the follow-up.

Conclusions:
PFP is mostly asymptomatic, and its diagnosis is incidental. Only further 4 pediatric cases were reported in the literature. Our case confirms that gonadal-sparing surgery is an optimal treatment.