bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Summoning compassion to address the challenges of conservation
Authors: Wallach Arian D. , Bekoff Marc , Batavia Chelsea , Nelson Michael Paul , Ramp Daniel 
Published: April 2018

AbstractConservation practice is informed by science, but it also reflects ethical beliefs about how humanity ought to value and interact with Earth's biota. As human activities continue to drive extinctions and diminish critical life‐sustaining ecosystem processes, achieving conservation goals becomes increasingly urgent. However, the determination to react decisively can drive conservationists to handle complex challenges without due deliberation, particularly when wildlife individuals are sacrificed for the so‐called greater good of wildlife collectives (populations, species, ecosystems). With growing recognition of the widespread sentience and sapience of many nonhuman animals, standard conservation practices that categorically prioritize collectives without due consideration for the well‐being of individuals are ethically untenable. Here we highlight 3 overarching ethical orientations characterizing current and historical practices in conservation that suppress compassion: instrumentalism, collectivism, and nativism. We examine how establishing a commitment to compassion could reorient conservation in more ethically expansive directions that incorporate recognition of the intrinsic value of wildlife, the sentience of nonhuman animals, and the values of novel ecosystems, introduced species, and their members. A compassionate conservation approach allays practices that intentionally and unnecessarily harm wildlife individuals, while aligning with critical conservation goals. Although the urgency of achieving effective outcomes for solving major conservation problems may enhance the appeal of quick and harsh measures, the costs are too high. Continuing to justify moral indifference when causing the suffering of wildlife individuals, particularly those who possess sophisticated capacities for emotion, consciousness, and sociality, risks estranging conservation practice from prevailing, and appropriate, social values. As conservationists and compassionate beings, we must demonstrate concern for both the long‐term persistence of collectives and the well‐being of individuals by prioritizing strategies that do both.
dCK negatively regulates the NRF2/ARE axis and ROS production in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Hu Qiangsheng , Qin Yi , Xiang Jinfeng , Liu Wensheng , Xu Wenyan , Sun Qiqing , Ji Shunrong , Liu Jiang , Zhang Zheng , Ni Quanxing , Xu Jin , Yu Xianjun , Zhang Bo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectivesDecreased deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) expression is a reported indicator of gemcitabine efficacy in pancreatic cancer, due to the impact of this kinase on gemcitabine metabolism. The transcription factor NF‐E2 p45‐related factor 2 (NRF2, also called Nfe2l2), a master regulator of redox homoeostasis, has been reported to tightly control the expression of numerous ROS‐detoxification genes and participates in drug resistance. However, the contribution of dCK to the NRF2 signalling axis has seldom been discussed and needs investigation.Materials and methodsBy overexpressing dCK in pancreatic cancer cells, we assessed the impact of dCK on NRF2 transcriptional activity. Furthermore, we measured the impact of dCK expression on the intracellular redox balance and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. By utilizing immunohistochemical staining and tissues from pancreatic cancer patients, we assessed the correlation between dCK and NRF2 expression. Through proliferation and metastasis assays, we examined the impact of dCK expression on cell proliferation and metastasis.ResultsdCK negatively regulates NRF2 transcriptional activity, leading to the decreased expression of ARE‐driven antioxidant genes. In addition, dCK negatively regulates intracellular redox homoeostasis and ROS production. Negative correlations between dCK and NRF2 levels in pancreatic cancer cell lines and patient samples were observed. In vitro cell line studies suggested that dCK negatively regulated proliferation and metastasis.ConclusionDecreased dCK expression promotes NRF2‐driven antioxidant transcription, which further enhances gemcitabine treatment resistance, forming a feedback loop.
Topographical cues of direct metal laser sintering titanium surfaces facilitate osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells through epigenetic regulation
Authors: Zheng Guoying , Guan Binbin , Hu Penghui , Qi Xingying , Wang Pingting , Kong Yu , Liu Zihao , Gao Ping , Li Rui , Zhang Xu , Wu Xudong , Sui Lei 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the role of hierarchical micro/nanoscale topography of direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) titanium surfaces in osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), as well as the possible underlying epigenetic mechanism.Materials and methodsThree groups of titanium specimens were prepared, including DMLS group, sandblasted, large‐grit, acid‐etched (SLA) group and smooth titanium (Ti) group. BMSCs were cultured on discs followed by surface characterization. Cell adhesion and proliferation were examined by SEM and CCK‐8 assay, while osteogenic‐related gene expression was detected by real‐time RT‐PCR. Immunofluorescence, western blotting and in vivo study were also performed to evaluate the potential for osteogenic induction of materials. In addition, to investigate the underlying epigenetic mechanisms, immunofluorescence and western blotting were performed to evaluate the global level of H3K4me3 during osteogenesis. The H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 levels at the promoter area of the osteogenic gene Runx2 were detected by ChIP assay.ResultsThe DMLS surface exhibits greater protein adsorption ability and shows better cell adhesion performance than SLA and Ti surfaces. Moreover, both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that the DMLS surface is more favourable for the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs than SLA and Ti surfaces. Accordingly, osteogenesis‐associated gene expression in BMSCs is efficiently induced by a rapid H3K27 demethylation and increase in H3K4me3 levels at gene promoters upon osteogenic differentiation on DMLS titanium surface.ConclusionsTopographical cues of DMLS surfaces have greater potential for the induction of osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs than SLA and Ti surfaces both in vitro and in vivo. A potential epigenetic mechanism is that the appropriate topography allows rapid H3K27 demethylation and an increased H3K4me3 level at the promoter region of osteogenesis‐associated genes during the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.
Retracted: Repression of microRNA‐382 inhibits glomerular mesangial cell proliferation and extracellular matrix accumulation via FoxO1 in mice with diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Wang Shan , Wen Xin , Han Xin‐Rui , Wang Yong‐Jian , Shen Min , Fan Shao‐Hua , Zhuang Juan , Zhang Zi‐Feng , Shan Qun , Li Meng‐Qiu , Hu Bin , Sun Chun‐Hui , Wu Dong‐Mei , Lu Jun , Zheng Yuan‐Lin 
Published: April 2018

Retraction: Repression of microRNA‐382 inhibits glomerular mesangial cell proliferation and extracellular matrix accumulation via FoxO1 in mice with diabetic nephropathy 2018, 51(5), e12462 (https://doi.org/10.1111/cpr.12462)The above article, published online on 27 April 2018 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the Academic Committee of Jiangsu Normal University, the journal Editor‐in‐Chief Qi Zhou, and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. The retraction has been agreed as the authors' institution investigated allegations made by a third party that the data particularly in gel blots and graphed data for figures 3, 4, 5, 7 and 10. The authors were unable to provide any evidence or data in support during the investigation, and the authors' institution has requested the retraction of the paper.]
Pediatric maxillofacial trauma: Epidemiologic study between the years 2012 and 2015 in an Israeli medical center
Authors: Joachim Michael , Tuizer Moti , Araidy Shareef , Abu El‐Naaj Imad 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackground/AimTrauma is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population worldwide, and Israel is no different in this aspect. Of these injuries, craniofacial trauma is a significant cause of morbidity in the pediatric population. The high occurrence of pediatric trauma is possibly related to a lower perception for the hazards that surround them, combined with the restless and adventurous nature that is typical of children. The aim was to perform a retrospective, epidemiological study on facial trauma in children examined in the emergency room in order to analyze the different patterns in pediatric maxillofacial trauma, to emphasize this data and educate those involved in preventing and treating children’s injuries.Materials and MethodsThe database of pediatric maxillofacial trauma patients younger than 18 years registered at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at the Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya during a period of 4 years (2012‐2015) was reviewed and examined. The data collected were analyzed for each year separately and then comparisons and cross sections were made.ResultsThis study examined 3034 files of pediatric maxillofacial and head trauma patients aged under 18. The comparison of frequency of the injuries between seasons reveals more injuries occur in the summer and 69.3% of the injuries occurred in boys. Average age was 6.5 years, with the most prevalent group being 0‐5 years. The most common type of injury was blunt head trauma followed by facial lacerations and dental injuries. Most (84.5%) of the injuries occurred outside the education system. The number of injuries at the Arab villages was higher than in the Jewish villages.ConclusionThere is a marked difference in the injured children population with an increase incidence in the Arab child population and children under the age of 6.
The relation between bank credit growth and the expected returns of bank stocks
Authors: Gandhi Priyank 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHigher bank credit growth implies that excess returns of bank stocks over the next one year are lower by nearly 3%. Credit growth tracks bank stock returns over the business cycle and explains nearly 14% of the variation in bank stock returns over a 1‐year horizon. I argue that the predictive variation in returns reflects investors' rational response to a small time‐varying probability of a tail event that impacts banks and bank‐dependent firms. Consistent with this hypothesis, the predictive power, as measured by the absolute magnitude of the coefficient on credit growth and the adjusted‐R2 at the 1‐year horizon, depend systematically on variables that regulate exposure to tail risk.
Validation data set for testing the criteria for multiaxial fatigue strength estimation
Authors: Papuga J. , Vízková I. , Nesládek M. , Trubelová Š. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis paper describes the way in which a specialized validation set intended for quick validation of new multiaxial fatigue strength estimation models in the high‐cycle fatigue regime was prepared. The rules established for accepting various data sets into the complete FatLim database are briefly described. This final FatLim database contained 282 data items at the moment this paper was written. The paper describes how FatLim has been reduced to a smaller validation set, marked as AMSD25. The criteria used for accepting the data items for this small‐scale test set are based on evaluating the mean and the standard deviation of the fatigue index errors obtained for each data item on the basis of 18 different prediction criteria. The items that got into the AMSD25 validation set are described, and potential issues are noted. The comparison between the original FatLim validation set and the shortened AMSD25 data set is presented. It shows that the in‐phase load cases without any mean stress effect are generally well mastered by most criteria, and they can be excluded as insignificant from any such analysis. However, the mean stress effect is generally poorly incorporated. Future multiaxial fatigue strength criteria should focus on load cases including mean stresses.
Policy Uncertainty and the Dual Role of Corporate Political Strategies
Authors: Kim Chansog (Francis) , Kim Incheol , Pantzalis Christos , Park Jung Chul 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFirms use active political strategies not only to mitigate uncertainty emanating from legislative activity, but also to enhance their growth opportunities. We find that a firm's systematic risk (beta) can be hedged away by employing various political strategies involving the presence of former politicians on corporate boards of directors, contributions to political campaigns, and corporate lobbying activities. The hedging effect is greater when firms operate in more uncertain industries. In addition, active political strategies are associated with greater firm heterogeneity and make real options more value relevant as potential drivers of competitive advantages in uncertain environments.
Waxing and waning of forests: Late Quaternary biogeography of southeast Africa
Authors: Ivory Sarah J. , Lézine Anne‐Marie , Vincens Annie , Cohen Andrew S. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAfrican ecosystems are at great risk. Despite their ecological and economic importance, long‐standing ideas about African forest ecology and biogeography, such as the timing of changes in forest extent and the importance of disturbance, have been unable to be tested due to a lack of sufficiently long records. Here, we present the longest continuous terrestrial record of late Quaternary vegetation from southern Africa collected to date from a drill core from Lake Malawi covering the last ~600,000 years. Pollen analysis permits us to investigate changes in vegetation structure and composition over multiple climatic transitions. We observe nine phases of forest expansion and collapse related to regional hydroclimate change. The development of desert, steppe and grassland vegetation during arid periods is likely dynamically linked to thresholds in regional hydrology associated with lake level and moisture recycling. Species composition of these dryland ecosystems varied greatly and is unlike the vegetation found at Malawi today, with assemblages suggesting strong Somali‐Masai affinities. Furthermore, nearly all semiarid assemblages contain low forest taxa abundances, suggesting that moist lowland gallery forests formed refugia along waterways during arid times. When the region was wet, forests were species‐rich and very high afromontane tree abundances suggest frequent widespread lowland colonization by modern high elevation trees. Furthermore, species composition varied little amongst forest phases until ~80 ka when disturbance tolerant tree taxa characteristic of the modern vegetation increased in abundance. The waxing and waning of forests has important implications for understanding the processes that control modern tropical vegetation biogeography as well as the environments of early humans across Africa. Finally, this work highlights the resilience of montane forests during previous warm intervals, which is relevant for future climate change; however, we point to a fundamental shift in disturbance regimes which are crucial for the structure and composition of modern East African landscapes.
U–Pb zircon geochronology of the North Pole Dome adamellite in the eastern Pilbara Craton
Authors: Asanuma Hisashi , Sawaki Yusuke , Sakata Shuhei , Obayashi Hideyuki , Suzuki Kazue , Kitajima Kouki , Hirata Takafumi , Maruyama Shigenori 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSupracrustal rocks around the North Pole Dome area, Western Australia, provide valuable information regarding early records of the evolution of crustal processes, surface environments, and biosphere. Owing to the occurrence of the oldest known microfossils, the successions at the North Pole Dome area have attracted interest from many researchers. The Paleoarchean successions (Warrawoona Group) mainly comprise mafic‐ultramafic greenstones with intercalated cherts and felsic lavas. Age constraints on the sediments have been mainly based on zircon U–Pb geochronology. However, many zircon grains have suffered from metamictization and contain anomalously high contents of common Pb, which makes interpretation of the U–Pb data complicated. In order to provide more convincing chronological constraints, an U–Pb Concordia age is widely accepted as the best estimate. Most zircons separated from two adamellites also suffered from severe metamictization. In our analyses, less metamictized domains were selected using a pre‐ablation technique in conjunction with elemental mapping, and then their U–Pb isotopic compositions were determined with a laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Most analyzed domains contained certain amounts of common Pb (204Pb/206Pb > 0.000 1), whereas three and five U–Pb data points with less common Pb (204Pb/206Pb < 0.000 1) were obtained. These U–Pb datasets yielded U–Pb Concordia ages of ca 3 445 Ma and 3 454 Ma, respectively. These ages represent the timing of the adamellite intrusion, and constrain the minimum depositional age of the Warrawoona Group. In addition, a single xenocrystic zircon grain showed a 207Pb/206Pb age of ca 3 545 Ma, supporting the idea that the sialic basement of the Pilbara Craton existed prior to 3 500 Ma. The in situ U–Pb zircon dating combined with the pre‐ablation technique has the potentials to identify non‐metamictized parts and to yield precise and accurate geochronological data even from partially metamictized zircons.
Overnight sleep duration and obesity in 2–5 year‐old American Indian children
Authors: Ingram D. G. , Irish L. A. , Tomayko E. J. , Prince R. J. , Cronin K. A. , Parker T. , Kim K. , Carmichael L. , Grant V. M. , Sheche J. N. , Adams A. K. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryBackgroundSleep has emerged as a potentially modifiable risk factor for obesity in children.ObjectivesThe purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the association between overnight sleep duration and obesity among American Indian (AI) children ages 2–5 years.MethodsData were examined from the baseline assessment of children enrolling in the Healthy Children, Strong Families study, which is a randomized lifestyle intervention trial in five diverse rural and urban AI communities nationally among children ages 2–5 years. Multivariable models were built to assess the relationship between sleep duration and BMI z‐score while controlling for potential sociodemographic and behavioural covariates.ResultsThree hundred and ninety‐eight children had sufficient data to be included in analysis. In multivariable models controlling for potential covariates, overnight sleep duration was significantly and inversely associated with BMI z‐score (B = −0.158, t = −1.774, P = 0.006). Similarly, when controlling for covariates, children who slept 12 or more hours had significantly lower BMI z‐scores compared with those who slept 8 to 10 h (P = 0.018) or less than 8 h (P = 0.035); the difference between 12+ hours and 10 to 12‐h groups did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.073) but supported a linear relationship between overnight sleep duration and BMI. Weekday‐to‐weekend variability in overnight sleep duration was not associated with BMI z‐score (B = 0.010, t = 0.206, P = 0.837).ConclusionsOvernight sleep duration is independently and inversely related to BMI z‐score among AI children ages 2–5 years, even when controlling for important sociodemographic and obesogenic lifestyle factors. This represents the first report, to our knowledge, of sleep duration as a risk factor for obesity among AI children.
Evaluating the contribution of differences in lean mass compartments for resting energy expenditure in African American and Caucasian American children
Authors: Broadney M. M. , Shareef F. , Marwitz S. E. , Brady S. M. , Yanovski S. Z. , DeLany J. P. , Yanovski J. A. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryBackgroundResting energy expenditure (REE), adjusted for total lean mass (LM), is lower in African American (AA) than Caucasian American (CA) children. Some adult studies suggest that AA–CA differences in lean mass compartments explain this REE difference. Similar data are limited in children.ObjectiveTo evaluate differences in compartment‐specific lean mass between AA and CA children and examine the individual contributions of high‐metabolic rate‐at‐rest trunk lean mass (TrLM) and low‐metabolic‐rate‐at‐rest appendicular lean mass (AppLM) for AA–CA differences in REE.MethodsWe studied a convenience sample of 594 AA (n = 281) and CA (n = 313) children. REE was measured by using indirect calorimetry; dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry was used to assess body composition. ANCOVAs were performed to examine AA–CA differences in TrLM, AppLM and REE. After accounting for age, sex, height, pubertal development, bone mass and adiposity, REE was evaluated adjusting for total LM (model A) and separately adjusting for TrLM and AppLM (model B).ResultsAfrican American children had greater adjusted AppLM (17.8 ± 0.2 [SE] vs. 16.0 ± 0.2 kg, p < 0.001) and lower TrLM (17.2 ± 0.2 vs. 17.7 ± 0.2 kg, p = 0.022) than CA children. REE adjusted for total LM was 77 ± 16 kcal/d lower in AA than CA (p < 0.001). However, after accounting separately for AppLM and TrLM, the discrepancy in REE between the groups declined to 28 ± 19 kcal/d (p = 0.14). In the adjusted model, both TrLM (p < 0.001) and AppLM (p < 0.027) were independently associated with REE.ConclusionIn children, AA–CA differences in REE appear mostly attributable to differences in body composition. Lower REE in AA children is likely due to lower TrLM and greater AppLM.
Waist‐to‐height ratio as a risk marker for metabolic syndrome in childhood. A meta‐analysis
Authors: Ochoa Sangrador C. , Ochoa‐Brezmes J. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryBackgroundIndividuals with abdominal obesity have a higher cardiovascular risk, regardless of the degree of global overweight.ObjectiveTo estimate the accuracy of the Waist/height ratio (WtHR) as a risk marker for metabolic syndrome (MS) in children or adolescents.MethodsPublished cohort or cross‐sectional studies (Pubmed, Embase‐SCOPUS and CINAHL) were searched, with no limits of time. Studies providing Waist/height ratio and clustered criteria of metabolic syndrome were included.ResultsThirty‐one studies (66,912 subjects) were selected. Overall, a high WtHR (≥0.5) was associated with a four‐fold increased risk of clustered criteria of MS (odds ratio [OR] 4.15, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 2.69 to 6.42) and two‐fold increased risk when adjusted by general obesity (adjusted OR 2.26, 95% CI: 1.29 to 3.98). The WtHR, as a quantitative measure, showed a pooled area under the curve of 0.76 (95% CI: 0.71 to 0.80) and, as a dichotomous measure, with a cut‐off point close to 0.5, a sensitivity of 60% (95% CI: 50% to 68.8%) and a specificity of 79% (95% CI: 71.6% to 83.9%).ConclusionsMeasuring WtHR may be considered in regular health checks of children and adolescents, as it can measure cardiovascular risk regardless of the degree of general obesity.