bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of Nursing Outcomes Related to Breastfeeding Establishment
Authors: Dias Emidio Suellen Cristina , Moorhead Sue , Oliveira Henrique Ceretta , Herdman T. Heather , Oliveira‐Kumakura Ana Railka de Souza , Carmona Elenice Valentin 
Published: August 2019

PURPOSETo clinically validate indicators of the nursing outcomes “Breastfeeding establishment: Infant (1000)” and “Breastfeeding establishment: maternal (1001)”, and their conceptual and operational definitions in infants admitted to a neonatal unit and their mothers.METHODThis study utilized several methods in a stepwise approach including an integrative review of the literature, content validation, and clinical validation. The content validity index was performed by eight experts, who evaluated revised content of the studied nursing outcomes. In the clinical validation, 61 mother–infant dyads were evaluated by two pairs of nurses: one pair used an instrument with developed definitions, whereas the other used an instrument without definitions. The evaluations were compared using Fleiss’ kappa and weighted kappa.RESULTSThe agreement between all evaluators was considered excellent for almost all nursing outcome indicators related to the mothers. The pair of evaluators using the definitions had an agreement greater than 0.80 for most indicators. For the pair that did not use the definitions, agreement was poor.CONCLUSIONThere was an increase in uniformity and accuracy between the assessments when using the conceptual and operational definitions for the nursing outcome indicators related to Breastfeeding establishment.IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICEThis study contributed to the development of terms within the Nursing Outcomes Classification, and enriched the body of nursing knowledge.
Current status of umbilical cord blood transplantation in children
Authors: Gabelli Maria , Veys Paul , Chiesa Robert 
Published: August 2019

SummaryThe first umbilical cord blood (UCB) transplantation was performed 30 years ago. UCB transplantation (UCBT) is now widely used in children with malignant and non‐malignant disorders who lack a matched family donor. UCBT affords a lower incidence of graft‐versus‐host disease compared to alternative stem cell sources, but also presents a slower immune recovery and a high risk of infections if serotherapy is not omitted or targeted within the conditioning regimen. The selection of UCB units with high cell content and good human leucocyte antigen match is essential to improve the outcome. Techniques, such as double UCBT, ex vivo stem cell expansion and intra‐bone injection of UCB, have improved cord blood engraftment, but clinical benefit remains to be demonstrated. Cell therapies derived from UCB are under evaluation as potential novel strategies to reduce relapse and viral infections following transplantation. In recent years, improvements within haploidentical transplantation have reduced the overall use of UCBT as an alternative stem cell source; however, each may have its relative merits and disadvantages and tailored use of these alternative stem cell sources may be the optimal approach.
Differentiation syndrome in acute promyelocytic leukaemia
Authors: Stahl Maximilian , Tallman Martin S. 
Published: August 2019

SummaryAcute promyelocytic leukaemia differentiation syndrome (APL DS) is seen when patients with APL are treated with all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and/or arsenic trioxide (ATO). Presenting symptoms are varied but frequently include dyspnoea, unexplained fever, weight gain >5 kg, unexplained hypotension, acute renal failure and a chest radiograph demonstrating pulmonary infiltrates or pleural or pericardial effusion. Immediate treatment with steroids at the first clinical suspicion is recommended and ATRA/ATO should be stopped in severe cases or if there is no response to treatment. The utility of steroid prophylaxis in order to prevent APL DS is less certain. Here we provide a detailed review of the pathogenesis, clinical signs and symptoms as well as management and prophylaxis strategies of APL DS.
Synaptic actin stabilization protein loss in Down syndrome and Alzheimer disease
Authors: Lauterborn Julie C. , Cox Conor D. , Chan See Wing , Vanderklish Peter W. , Lynch Gary , Gall Christine M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractReduced spine densities and age‐dependent accumulation of amyloid β and tau pathology are shared features of Down syndrome (DS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Both spine morphology and the synaptic plasticity that supports learning depend upon the actin cytoskeleton, suggesting that disturbances in actin regulatory signaling might underlie spine defects in both disorders. The present study evaluated the synaptic levels of two proteins that promote filamentous actin stabilization, the Rho GTPase effector p21‐activated kinase 3 (PAK3) and Arp2, in DS vs. AD. Fluorescent deconvolution tomography was used to determine postsynaptic PAK3 and Arp2 levels for large numbers of excitatory synapses in the parietal cortex of individuals with DS plus AD pathology (DS + AD) or AD alone relative to age‐matched controls. Though numbers of excitatory synapses were not different between groups, synaptic PAK3 levels were greatly reduced in DS + AD and AD individuals vs. controls. Synaptic Arp2 levels also were reduced in both disorders, but to a greater degree in AD. Western blotting detected reduced Arp2 levels in the AD group, but there was no correlation with phosphorylated tau levels suggesting that the Arp2 loss does not contribute to mechanisms that drive tau pathology progression. Overall, the results demonstrate marked synaptic disturbances in two actin regulatory proteins in adult DS and AD brains, with greater effects in individuals with AD alone. As both PAK and the Arp2/3 complex play roles in the actin stabilization that supports synaptic plasticity, reductions in these proteins at synapses may be early events in spine dysfunction that contribute to cognitive impairment in these disorders.
Inhibiting nucleolin reduces inflammation induced by mitochondrial DNA in cardiomyocytes exposed to hypoxia and reoxygenation
Authors: Mariero Lars Henrik , Torp May‐Kristin , Heiestad Christina Mathisen , Baysa Anton , Li Yuchuan , Valen Guro , Vaage Jarle , Stensløkken Kåre‐Olav 
Published: August 2019

Background and purposeCellular debris causes sterile inflammation after myocardial infarction. Mitochondria constitute about 30 percent of the human heart. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a damage‐associated‐molecular‐pattern that induce injurious sterile inflammation. Little is known about mtDNA's inflammatory signalling pathways in cardiomyocytes and how mtDNA is internalized to associate with its putative receptor, toll‐like receptor 9 (TLR9).Experimental ApproachWe hypothesized that mtDNA can be internalized in cardiomyocytes and induce an inflammatory response. Adult mouse cardiomyocytes were exposed to hypoxia‐reoxygenation and extracellular DNA. Microscale thermophoresis was used to demonstrate binding between nucleolin and DNA.Key resultsExpression of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐1β and TNFα were upregulated by mtDNA, but not by nuclear DNA (nDNA), in cardiomyocytes exposed to hypoxia‐reoxygenation. Blocking the RNA/DNA binding protein nucleolin with midkine reduced expression of IL‐1β/TNFα and the nucleolin inhibitor AS1411 reduced interleukin‐6 release in adult mouse cardiomyocytes. mtDNA bound 10‐fold stronger than nDNA to nucleolin. In HEK293‐NF‐κB reporter cells, mtDNA induced NF‐κB activity in normoxia, while CpG‐DNA and hypoxia‐reoxygenation, synergistically induced TLR9‐dependent NF‐κB activity. Protein expression of nucleolin was found in the plasma membrane of cardiomyocytes and inhibition of nucleolin with midkine inhibited cellular uptake of CpG‐DNA. Inhibition of endocytosis did not reduce CpG‐DNA uptake in cardiomyocytes.Conclusion and implicationsmtDNA, but not nDNA, induce an inflammatory response in mouse cardiomyocytes during hypoxia‐reoxygenation. In cardiomyocytes, nucleolin is expressed on the membrane and blocking nucleolin reduce inflammation. Nucleolin might be a therapeutic target to prevent uptake of immunogenic DNA and reduce inflammation.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Mitochondrial Pharmacology: Featured Mechanisms and Approaches for Therapy Translation. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.22/issuetoc
Divergent tree seedling communities indicate different trajectories of change among rain forest remnants
Authors: Stride Gail , Thomas Chris D. , Benedick Suzan , Hodgson Jenny A. , Jelling Ahmad , Senior Michael J.M. , Hill Jane K. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimTo examine plant community composition within rain forest remnants, and whether communities in different fragments follow similar trajectories of change in composition. We investigate whether plant communities in rain forest fragments either diverge from, or become more similar to, plant communities in other fragments, in order to understand the biodiversity value of forest fragments.LocationRain forest fragments embedded within agricultural landscapes in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo.MethodsWe examined 14 forest fragments (39–120,000 ha) and five sites in continuous forest, and compared pre‐isolation (trees >5 cm dbh) and post‐isolation (seedlings <1 cm dbh) plant community composition. We used Chao‐Sørensen dissimilarity metric to compute beta diversity between all pairwise combinations of sites, and then used Non‐Metric Multidimensional Scaling to reduce 18 pairwise values per site to a single site value, which we used to test whether fragment area and/or isolation are associated with changes in plant communities. We compare analyses for trees and seedlings, and whether community changes arise from recruitment failure.ResultsSeedlings in fragments have diverged most from other communities, and divergence was greatest between seedling communities in small fragments, which have not only diverged more from tree communities in the same fragment, but also from seedling communities at other sites. This finding is partly associated with recruitment failure: the number of genera represented by both trees and seedlings is positively associated with site area.Main conclusionsSeedling communities are diverging in forest remnants, associated primarily with reductions in fragment area, whilst tree communities have not diverged, possibly due to extinction debts. Divergence is likely to continue as seedling cohorts mature, resulting in communities in fragments following different trajectories of change. Individual plant communities in each fragment may become impoverished, but they can support different communities of plants and hence contribute to landscape‐scale diversity.
Assessment of the effect of continuous theta burst stimulation of the motor cortex on manual dexterity in non‐human primates in a direct comparison with invasive intracortical pharmacological inactivation
Authors: Roux Camille , Kaeser Mélanie , Savidan Julie , Fregosi Michela , Rouiller Eric M. , Schmidlin Eric 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNon‐invasive reversible perturbation techniques of brain output such as continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS), commonly used to modulate cortical excitability in humans, allow investigation of possible roles in functional recovery played by distinct intact cortical areas following stroke. To evaluate the potential of cTBS, the behavioural effects of this non‐invasive transient perturbation of the hand representation of the primary motor cortex (M1) in non‐human primates (two adult macaques) were compared with an invasive focal transient inactivation based on intracortical microinfusion of GABA‐A agonist muscimol. The effects on the contralateral arm produced by cTBS or muscimol were directly compared based on a manual dexterity task performed by the monkeys, the “reach and grasp” drawer task, allowing quantitative assessment of the grip force produced between the thumb and index finger and exerted on the drawer's knob. cTBS only induced modest to moderate behavioural effects, with substantial variability on manual dexterity whereas the intracortical muscimol microinfusion completely impaired manual dexterity, producing a strong and clear cortical inhibition of the M1 hand area. In contrast, cTBS induced mixed inhibitory and facilitatory/excitatory perturbations of M1, though with predominant inhibition. Although cTBS impacted on manual dexterity, its effects appear too limited and variable in order to use it as a reliable proof of cortical vicariation mechanism (cortical area replacing another one) underlying functional recovery following a cortical lesion in the motor control domain, in contrast to potent pharmacological block generated by muscimol infusion, whose application is though limited to an animal model such as non‐human primate.
Pulsed seaweed subsidies drive sequential shifts in the effects of lizard predators on island food webs
Authors: Piovia‐Scott Jonah , Yang Louie H. , Wright Amber N. , Spiller David A. , Schoener Thomas W. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMost prominent theories of food web dynamics imply the simultaneous action of bottom–up and top–down forces. However, transient bottom‐up effects resulting from resource pulses can lead to sequential shifts in the strength of top–down predator effects. We used a large‐scale field experiment (32 small islands sampled over 5 years) to probe how the frequency and magnitude of pulsed seaweed inputs drives temporal variation in the top–down effects of lizard predators. Short‐term weakening of lizard effects on spiders and plants (the latter via a trophic cascade) were associated with lizard diet shifts, and were more pronounced with larger seaweed inputs. Long‐term strengthening of lizard effects was associated with lizard numerical responses and plant fertilisation. Increased pulse frequency reinforced the strengthening of lizard effects on spiders and plants. These results underscore the temporally variable nature of top–down effects and highlight the role of resource pulses in driving this variation.
Research and knowledge transfer priorities in developmental coordination disorder: Results from consultations with multiple stakeholders
Authors: Camden Chantal , Meziane Sabah , Maltais Désirée , Cantin Noémi , Brossard‐Racine Marie , Berbari Jade , Couture Mélanie 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundPriority‐setting is a way to focus research and knowledge translation (KT) efforts for community‐based research partnerships (CBRP).ObjectiveTo identify the developmental coordination disorder (DCD) research and KT priorities of stakeholders in Quebec, Canada, and their perceptions regarding the implementation of a CBRP.DesignAn advisory committee oversaw the research process including an online survey and four community forums.Setting and participantsThe survey was posted online and four community forums were organized. Participants included parents of children with DCD, adults with DCD, health professionals and school staff.Main variablesStakeholder generated research and KT priorities, and optimal CBPR conditions.Outcome measuresParticipants selected their top five priorities based on a predefined list of 16 research and 12 KT priorities determined in collaboration with the advisory committee. They also rated the importance of various CBRP conditions. Preliminary survey results were discussed during the forums.ResultsSurvey participants (n = 395) identified interwoven research and KT priorities where access to services was considered to be essential: supporting children at school; improving DCD identification and diagnosis; preventing secondary consequences; improving the organization of services and implementing effective services. Forum participants (n = 52) confirmed the relevance of these priorities and supported the establishment of a CBRP inclusive of all stakeholders to improve DCD services, research and KT.Discussion and conclusionsA general consensus emerged among all groups, but adults with DCD were more concerned with employment than were the other stakeholder groups. These findings are presently being used to shape an ongoing, online CBRP.
Patient and public involvement in priority‐setting decisions in England's Transforming NHS: An interview study with Clinical Commissioning Groups in South London sustainability transformation partnerships
Authors: Coultas Clare , Kieslich Katharina , Littlejohns Peter 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundPatient and public involvement (PPI) in health‐care commissioning decisions has always been a contentious issue. However, the current moves towards Sustainability and Transformation Partnerships (STPs) in England's NHS are viewed as posing the risk of reducing the impact of current structures for PPI.ObjectiveTo understand how different members in clinical commissioning groups (CCGs) understand PPI as currently functioning in their decision‐making practices, and the implications of the STPs for it.DesignThematic analysis of 18 semi‐structured interviews with CCG governing body voting members (e.g. clinicians and lay members), non‐voting governing body members (e.g. Healthwatch representatives) and CCG staff with roles focussed on PPI, recruited from CCGs in South London STPs.ResultsThere are contestations amongst CCG members regarding not only what PPI is, but also the role that it currently plays and could play in commissioning decision making in the context of STPs. Three main themes were identified: PPI is ‘going out’ into the community; PPI as a disruptive power; and PPI as co‐production, a ‘utopian dream’?ConclusionsLong‐standing issues distinctive to PPI in NHS prioritization decisions are resurfacing with the moves towards STPs, particularly in relation to contradictions between the rhetoric of ‘partnership’ and reorganizations that foster more top‐down control. The interviews reveal pervasive distrusts across a number of levels that are counterproductive to the collaborations upon which STPs rely. And it is argued that such distrust and contestations will continue until a formalized space for PPI in STP priority‐setting is created.
Retention of linalool and eugenol in hydrogels
Authors: Kopjar Mirela , Ivić Ivana , Vukoja Josipa , Šimunović Josip , Pichler Anita 
Published: August 2019

SummaryTextural parameters of hydrogels prepared from hydrocolloids (guar gum or xanthan; 0.5 or 1% (w/w)) and disaccharides (sucrose and trehalose) were investigated after preparation and storage for 30 days. Volatile compounds (linalool or eugenol) were added to the hydrogels in order to investigate their behaviour in those systems and to determine whether there is correlation between textural parameters and their retention. Textural parameters that were evaluated were firmness, consistency, cohesiveness and index of viscosity. Regarding textural parameters, there was no significant difference between hydrogels prepared with 0.5% of hydrocolloids. With increase of the amount of added hydrocolloid, textural parameters increased and differences between sucrose‐ and trehalose‐containing hydrogels were observed. Hydrogels prepared with trehalose had lower values of textural parameters. Correlation between texture and retention of volatile compounds was not observed or it was very low.
Use of lentiviral pseudotypes as an alternative to reassortant or Triton X‐100‐treated wild‐type Influenza viruses in the neuraminidase inhibition enzyme‐linked lectin assay
Authors: Biuso Fabrizio , Palladino Laura , Manenti Alessandro , Stanzani Valerio , Lapini Giulia , Gao Jin , Couzens Laura , Eichelberger Maryna C. , Montomoli Emanuele 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundFormulation of neuraminidase (NA) within influenza vaccines is gaining importance in light of recent human studies. The enzyme‐linked lectin assay (ELLA) is considered a reliable assay to evaluate human anti‐NA antibodies.ObjectivesTo overcome interference by hemagglutinin (HA)‐specific antibodies and detect neuraminidase inhibitory (NI) antibodies only, two different sources of antigen have been studied in ELLA: reassortant viruses with a mismatched avian origin‐HA or Triton X‐100 (Tx)‐treated wild‐type viruses. Pseudotypes or pseudovirus (PV), characterized by a lentivirus core bearing human influenza NA and avian influenza HA, were investigated as an alternative source of antigen and compared to HA‐mismatched and Tx‐treated viruses, since represent a safer product to be handled.MethodsTwo independent panels of sera were analyzed by ELLA to evaluate the anti‐NA response against N1 (A/California/07/2009 (H1N1pdm)) and N2 (A/Hong Kong/4801/2014 (H3N2)). The NA inhibition (NI) antibody titers measured as either the 50% end point or 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) were compared for every source of antigen.ResultsThe ELLA assay performed well with all three sources of antigen. NI titers measured using each antigen type correlated well when reported either as end point titers or as the IC50.ConclusionsThis study suggests that HA‐mismatched whole virus, Triton‐treated wild‐type virus or PV can be used to measure NI antibody titers of human sera, but further comparability/validation assays should be performed to assess statistical differences. The data support the use of PV as an attractive alternative source of antigen and justify further investigation to improve stability of this antigen source.
Information security policy noncompliance: An integrative social influence model
Authors: Gwebu Kholekile L. , Wang Jing , Hu Michael Y. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDespite the significant advancements made in understanding the factors that drive employees' compliance and noncompliance behaviours with information security policy (ISP), less is known about how different factors interact to impact such behaviours. Having been drawn on the social information processing theory, this research develops an integrative model that investigates how ethical work climate, beliefs, and neutralization interact to jointly explain ISP noncompliance. The model is tested via a survey of a broad cross section of employees. Neutralization, perceived cost of compliance, and perceived cost of noncompliance are found to significantly impact ISP noncompliance. Egoistic, benevolent, and principled climates are found to differentially influence neutralization and individuals' cognitive beliefs about the cost and benefit of ISP compliance versus noncompliance. Neutralization appears to be a more important moderator of the belief‐noncompliance relationship than the principled climate.
The use of prototypes to bridge knowledge boundaries in agile software development
Authors: Huber Thomas L. , Winkler Maike A.E. , Dibbern Jens , Brown Carol V. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBridging knowledge boundaries among project team members is essential to prevent delays or complete failure of software development projects. Prior researchers have reported that software prototypes can be used to help bridge knowledge boundaries between team members in traditional software development settings, yet their use in an agile development setting remains unexplored. Agile development centers the interactions between team members on emerging representations of the prototype whose properties are prone to change over time. Therefore, we conducted an in‐depth study of an agile development project to enhance our understanding on how software prototypes are used as boundary objects in a distributed team setting. Our analyses of team member interactions during 46 virtual meetings that took place over a period of 6 months revealed four different prototype use practices (exemplifying, contrasting, relating, framing) that were effective in bridging syntactic, semantic, or pragmatic knowledge boundaries. We also provide empirically grounded evidence of how variations in object properties can afford different use practices, how the use practices take advantage of these properties, and how object properties are reshaped through these use practices as different types of knowledge boundaries are bridged. These findings bear important implications for research on prototypes as boundary objects in software development in particular and boundary object use in general.