bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Predictors of Engagement in Inpatient Rehabilitation Among Stroke Survivors With Cognitive Deficits: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Kringle Emily A. , Terhorst Lauren , Butters Meryl A. , Skidmore Elizabeth R. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectives: The purpose of this exploratory study was to identify clinical predictors that could distinguish clients’ level of engagement in inpatient rehabilitation following stroke. Methods: This is a secondary analysis of pooled data from three randomized controlled trials that examined the effects of a behavioral intervention. The sample (n=208) consisted of clients with stroke who had cognitive deficits (Quick-EXIT≥3) and were admitted to inpatient rehabilitation facilities associated with a university medical center. Individuals with pre-morbid dementia, aphasia and mood disorders were excluded. The Pittsburgh Rehabilitation Participation Scale was used to measure engagement. Clinical predictors were measured using the Functional Independence Measure, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status, selected subtests of the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and Chedoke McMaster Stroke Assessment. Simple logistic regression identified individual clinical predictors associated with engagement. Hierarchical logistic regression identified the strongest predictors of engagement. Results: Impairments in executive functions [mean D-KEFS, odds ratio (OR)=4.062; 95% confidence interval (CI)=.866, 19.051], impairments in visuospatial skills (RBANS Visuospatial Index Score, OR=3.940; 95% CI=1.317, 11.785), impairments in mood (Patient Health Questionnaire-9, OR=2.059, 95% CI=.953, 4.449), and male gender (OR=2.474; 95% CI=1.145, 5.374) predicted levels of engagement in inpatient rehabilitation after controlling for study intervention group, baseline stroke severity, and baseline disability. Conclusions: Executive functions, visuospatial skills, mood, and gender distinguished individuals with high or low engagement in inpatient rehabilitation following stroke. Further studies should examine additional factors that may influence engagement (therapist-client relationship, treatment expectancy). (JINS, 2018, 24, 572–583)
Association between fish consumption and risk of dementia: a new study from China and a systematic literature review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bakre Aishat T , Chen Ruoling , Khutan Ranjit , Wei Li , Smith Tina , Qin Gordon , Danat Isaac M , Zhou Weiju , Schofield Peter , Clifford Angela , Wang Jiaji , Verma Arpana , Zhang Cuilin , Ni Jindong 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the association of fish consumption with risk of dementia and its dose–response relationship, and investigate variations in the association among low-, middle- and high-income countries.DesignA new community-based cross-sectional study and a systematic literature review.SettingsUrban and rural communities in China; population-based studies systematically searched from worldwide literature.SubjectsChinese adults aged ≥60 years in six provinces (n 6981) took part in a household health survey of dementia prevalence and risk factors. In addition, 33 964 participants from eleven published and eligible studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis.ResultsIn the new study in China, 326 participants were diagnosed with dementia (4·7 %); those who consumed any amount of fish in the past two years v. those who consumed no fish had reduced risk of dementia (adjusted OR=0·73, 95 % CI 0·64, 0·99), but the dose–response relationship was not statistically significant. The meta-analysis of available data from the literature and the new study showed relative risk (RR) of dementia of 0·80 (95 % CI 0·74, 0·87) for people with fish consumption; the impact was similar among countries with different levels of income. Pooled dose–response data revealed RR (95 % CI) of 0·84 (0·72, 0·98), 0·78 (0·68, 0·90) and 0·77 (0·61, 0·98) in people with low, middle and high consumption of fish, respectively. Corresponding figures for Alzheimer’s disease were 0·88 (0·74, 1·04), 0·79 (0·65, 0·96) and 0·67 (0·58, 0·78), respectively.ConclusionsGreater consumption of fish is associated with a lower risk of dementia. Increasing fish consumption may help prevent dementia worldwide regardless of income level.
The General Data Protection Regulation: the Next Generation of EU Data Protection
Authors: Bhaimia Sahar 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis article, written by Sahar Bhaimia, presents an overview of the General Data Protection Regulation (EU) (2016/679) (GDPR) which will apply automatically across the EU on 25 May 2018. The GDPR is an update and reform of existing EU data protection law, first established by the Data Protection Directive (1995/46/EC). The article is for knowledge managers and information services professionals who may be asked to take on responsibility for GDPR, and focuses on the UK. It covers the fundamentals of EU data protection law, highlights key changes brought about by the GDPR, and provides practical tips and suggestions for knowledge managers.
Resources for Criminological Research
Authors: Stone Stuart 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis article by Stuart Stone, Librarian at the Radzinowicz Library at the Institute of Criminology at Cambridge, examines a selection of online information resources used by criminologists and compares their particular features and deficiencies. The author's involvement in training early career researchers, both in formal training sessions and one-to-one sessions, over a long period, allows for user responses and experiences of the resources to inform this examination.
Intralayer and interlayer electron–phonon interactions in twisted graphene heterostructures
Authors: Eliel G. S. N. , Moutinho M. V. O. , Gadelha A. C. , Righi A. , Campos L. C. , Ribeiro H. B. , Chiu Po-Wen , Watanabe K. , Taniguchi T. , Puech P. , Paillet M. , Michel T. , Venezuela P. , Pimenta M. A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe understanding of interactions between electrons and phonons in atomically thin heterostructures is crucial for the engineering of novel two-dimensional devices. Electron–phonon (el–ph) interactions in layered materials can occur involving electrons in the same layer or in different layers. Here we report on the possibility of distinguishing intralayer and interlayer el–ph interactions in samples of twisted bilayer graphene and of probing the intralayer process in graphene/h-BN by using Raman spectroscopy. In the intralayer process, the el–ph scattering occurs in a single graphene layer and the other layer (graphene or h-BN) imposes a periodic potential that backscatters the excited electron, whereas for the interlayer process the el–ph scattering occurs between states in the Dirac cones of adjacent graphene layers. Our methodology of using Raman spectroscopy to probe different types of el–ph interactions can be extended to study any kind of graphene-based heterostructure.
A neuronal basis for fear discrimination in the lateral amygdala
Authors: Grosso Anna , Santoni Giulia , Manassero Eugenio , Renna Annamaria , Sacchetti Benedetto 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn the presence of new stimuli, it is crucial for survival to react with defensive responses in the presence of stimuli that resemble threats but also to not react with defensive behavior in response to new harmless stimuli. Here, we show that in the presence of new uncertain stimuli with sensory features that produce an ambiguous interpretation, discriminative processes engage a subset of excitatory and inhibitory neurons within the lateral amygdala (LA) that are partially different from those engaged by fear processes. Inducing the pharmacogenetic deletion of this neuronal ensemble caused fear generalization but left anxiety-like response, fear memory and extinction processes intact. These data reveal that two opposite neuronal processes account for fear discrimination and generalization within the LA and suggest a potential pathophysiological mechanism for the impaired discrimination that characterizes fear-related disorders.
Two Grammatical Tasks for Screening Language Abilities in Spanish-Speaking Children
Authors: Auza Benavides Alejandra , Kapantzoglou Maria , Murata Chiharu 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
This study assessed concurrent validity evidence for 2 grammatical tasks of a new screener, the Tamiz de Problemas de Lenguaje, for identifying monolingual Spanish-speaking children at risk for specific language impairment with grammatical deficits.

Method
A total of 770 4- to 6-year-old monolingual, Spanish-speaking children with and without language impairment were sampled from 3 different states in Mexico. Multiple logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were conducted to assess the predictive utility of the model and the classification accuracy of the tasks. The criterion was diagnosis of specific language impairment with grammatical deficits on the basis of a comprehensive language assessment.

Results
Results indicated that sensitivity estimates ranged from .90 to .94 and specificity estimates from .83 to .92. Overall, there was a good balance between sensitivity and specificity estimates with moderate to large positive and negative likelihood ratios.

Conclusion
Results suggested that the 2 grammatical tasks are suitable for identifying 4- to 6-year-old monolingual Spanish-speaking children at risk for grammatical deficits.
Dynamical ages of the young local associations with Gaia
Authors: Miret-Roig N. , Antoja T. , Romero-Gómez M. , Figueras F. 
Published: March 2018

Context. The young local associations (YLAs) constitute an excellent sample for the study of a variety of astrophysical topics, especially the star formation process in low-density environments. Data from the Gaia mission allows us to undertake studies of the YLAs with unprecedented accuracy.
Aims. We determine the dynamical age and place of birth of a set of associations in a uniform and dynamically consistent manner. There are nine YLAs in our sample ϵ Chamaeleontis, TW Hydrae, β Pictoris, Octans, Tucana-Horologium, Columba, Carina, Argus, and AB Doradus.
Methods. We designed a method for deriving the dynamical age of the YLAs based on the orbital integration. The method involves a strategy to account for the effect of observational errors. We tested the method using mock YLAs. Finally, we applied it to our set of nine YLAs with astrometry from the first Gaia data release and complementary on-ground radial velocities from the literature.
Results. Our orbital analysis yields a first estimate of the dynamical age of 33−0+9 Myr, 1313−0+7 Myr, and 55−0+23 Myr for ϵ Chamaeleontis, β Pictoris, and Tucana-Horologium, respectively. For four other associations (Octans, Columba, Carina, and Argus), we provide a lower limit for the dynamical age. Our rigorous error treatment indicates that TW Hydrae and AB Doradus deserve further study.
Conclusions. The dynamical ages that we obtain are compatible spectroscopic and isochrone fitting ages obtained elsewhere. From the orbital analysis, we suggest a scenario for these YLAs where there were two episodes of star formation: one ~40 Myr ago in the first quadrant that gave birth to ϵ Chamaeleontis, TW Hydrae, and β Pictoris, and another 5−15 Myr ago close to the Sun that formed Tucana-Horologium, Columba, and Carina. Future Gaia data will provide the necessary accuracy to improve the present results, especially for the controversial age determinations, and additional evidence for the proposed scenario once a complete census of YLAs and better membership can be obtained.
A unified accretion-ejection paradigm for black hole X-ray binaries
Authors: Marcel G. , Ferreira J. , Petrucci P.-O. , Henri G. , Belmont R. , Clavel M. , Malzac J. , Coriat M. , Corbel S. , Rodriguez J. , Loh A. , Chakravorty S. , Drappeau S. 
Published: March 2018

Context. X-ray binaries display cycles of strong activity during which their luminosity varies across several orders of magnitude. The rising phase is characterized by a hard X-ray spectrum and radio emission due to jets (hard state), whereas the declining phase displays a soft X-ray spectrum and no jet signature (soft state). The origin of these correlated accretion-ejection and spectral hysteresis cycles is still under investigation.
Aims. We elaborate on the previously described paradigm, where the increase and decrease in the disk accretion rate is accompanied by a modification of the disk magnetization μ, which in turn determines the dominant torque allowing accretion. For μ greater than some threshold, the accretion flow produces jets that vertically carry away the disk angular momentum (jet-emitting disk, or JED mode), whereas for smaller μ, the turbulence transfers the disk angular momentum outward in the radial direction (standard accretion disk, or SAD mode). The goal of this paper is to investigate the spectral signatures of the JED configurations.
Methods. We have developed a two-temperature plasma code that computes the disk local thermal equilibria, taking into account the advection of energy in an iterative way. Our code addresses optically thin/thick transitions, both radiation and gas supported regimes, and computes in a consistent way the emitted spectrum from a steady-state disk. The optically thin emission is obtained using the BELM code, which provides accurate spectra for bremsstrahlung and synchrotron emission processes as well as for their local Comptonization.
Results. For a range in radius and accretion rates, JEDs exhibit three thermal equilibria, one thermally unstable and two stable: a cold (optically thick and geometrically thin) and a hot (optically thin and geometrically thick) equilibrium. From the two thermally stable solutions, a hysteresis cycle is naturally obtained. However, standard outbursting X-ray binary cycles cannot be reproduced. Another striking feature of JEDs is their ability to reproduce luminous hard states. At high accretion rates, JEDs become slim, where the main cooling is advection.
Conclusions. When the loss of angular momentum and power in jets is consistently taken into account (JED mode), accretion disks have spectral signatures that are consistent with hard states, up to high luminosities. When no jet is present (SAD mode), the spectral signature is consistent with the soft state. These two canonical spectral states of black hole binaries can be explained in terms of two completely different dynamical solutions, namely JED and SAD. The observed spectral cycles can therefore be directly understood in terms of dynamical transitions from one accretion mode to another. These transitions must involve states where some regions emit jets and others do not, however, which argues for hybrid disk configurations.
Undetected Intraoperative Pelvic Movement Can Lead to Inaccurate Acetabular Cup Component Placement during Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Mathematical Simulation Estimating Change in Cup Position
Authors: Vigdorchik Jonathan , Buckland Aaron , Elbuluk Ameer , Alguire Alex , Schipper Joseph , Schwarzkopf Ran , Muir Jeffrey 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIntraoperative patient movement is a common but underappreciated phenomenon in total hip arthroplasty (THA). Such movement can significantly affect the accuracy with which the acetabular cup component is implanted. To evaluate the effect of intraoperative movement on cup position, we performed a study using mathematical modeling to simulate intraoperative movement. Mathematical simulations were used to simulate pelvic movements during THA. Pelvic axial rotation, tilt, and obliquity were simulated, and the resulting changes in intended cup position were calculated. The rate of change of inclination and anteversion per degree of pelvic movement was calculated, establishing a ratio relating cup angle sensitivity to pelvic movement. These sensitivities were used to construct nomograms showing the per-degree effect of pelvic movement on cup position. The effect of pelvic movement on cup position was multifactorial and dependent on the intended cup orientation. For a cup intended to be inserted at 15° anteversion and 40° inclination, each degree of pelvic rotation induced changes of 0.64° and –0.20°, respectively. For this same cup orientation, each degree of pelvic tilt induced changes of 0.77° for anteversion and 0.17° for inclination. Pelvic obliquity was associated with a 1:1 ratio with inclination, with each degree of obliquity inducing 1° of change in inclination. Anteversion was unaffected by changes in pelvic obliquity. This study demonstrates the consequences of undetected pelvic movement on cup position, including the increased risk of the acetabular component being placed in an orientation that could increase wear or the likelihood of impingement and dislocation.
Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty for Gunshot Injury-Induced Secondary Arthritis of the Hip: What Are the Outcomes?
Authors: Abraham Roby , Scollan Joseph , Mixa Patrick , Cherkalin Denis , Varghese Jeffrey , Newman Jared , Maheshwari Aditya , Naziri Qais 
Published: March 2018

AbstractGunshot wound (GSW) injuries around the hip joint can lead to debilitating post-traumatic arthritis, requiring a technically demanding primary total hip arthroplasty (THA). These surgeries are often complicated by bullet debris, extensive scaring, prior operations, and altered local anatomy. Although most literature focuses on acute management of GSW around the hip, a few reports detail the mid-term outcomes of GSW patients with primary THA for post-traumatic arthritis. The purpose of this study was to assess the outcomes and complications associated with THA in nine patients with secondary arthritis due to prior GSW injuries. At a mean follow-up of 35 months (range 12–60 months), significant improvement was shown in hip function, activity, and pain levels, and was similar to the outcomes of 18 patients who underwent primary THA for degenerative joint disease. While technically demanding, THA seems to reduce pain and improve function safely and effectively for patients with GSW-induced hip arthritis.
Mid-Trimester Cervical Consistency Index and Cervical Length to Predict Spontaneous Preterm Birth in a High-Risk Population
Authors: Baños Núria , Julià Carla , Lorente Núria , Ferrero Silvia , Cobo Teresa , Gratacos Eduard , Palacio Montse 
Published: March 2018

Background Short cervical length (CL) has not been shown to be adequate as a single predictor of spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) in high-risk pregnancies.
Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of the mid-trimester cervical consistency index (CCI) to predict sPTB in a cohort of high-risk pregnancies and to compare the results with those obtained with the CL.
Study Design Prospective cohort study including high-risk singleton pregnancies between 19+0 and 24+6 weeks. The ratio between the anteroposterior diameter of the uterine cervix at maximum compression and at rest was calculated offline to obtain the CCI.
Results Eighty-two high sPTB risk women were included. CCI (%) was significantly reduced in women who delivered <37+0 weeks compared with those who delivered at term, while CL was not. The area under the curve (AUC) of the CCI to predict sPTB <37+0 weeks was 0.73 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61–0.85), being 0.51 (95% CI, 0.35–0.67), p = 0.03 for CL. The AUC of the CCI to predict sPTB <34+0 weeks was 0.68 (95% CI, 0.54–0.82), being 0.49 (95% CI, 0.29–0.69), p = 0.06 for CL.
Conclusion CCI performed better than sonographic CL to predict sPTB. Due to the limited predictive capacity of these two measurements, other tools are still needed to better identify women at increased risk.
Secreted Immunomodulatory Proteins of Staphylococcus aureus Activate Platelets and Induce Platelet Aggregation
Authors: Binsker Ulrike , Palankar Raghavendra , Wesche Jan , Kohler Thomas , Prucha Josephine , Burchhardt Gerhard , Rohde Manfred , Schmidt Frank , Bröker Barbara , Mamat Uwe , Pané-Farré Jan , Graf Anica , Ebner Patrick , Greinacher Andreas , Hammerschmidt Sven 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus can cause bloodstream infections associated with infective endocarditis (IE) and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC). Both complications involve platelets. In view of an increasing number of antibiotic-resistant strains, new approaches to control systemic S. aureus infection are gaining importance. Using a repertoire of 52 recombinant S. aureus proteins in flow cytometry-based platelet activation and aggregation assays, we identified, in addition to the extracellular adherence protein Eap, three secreted staphylococcal proteins as novel platelet activating proteins. Eap and the chemotaxis inhibitory protein of S. aureus (CHIPS), the formyl peptide receptor-like 1 inhibitory protein (FLIPr) and the major autolysin Atl induced P-selectin expression in washed platelets and platelet-rich plasma. Similarly, AtlA, CHIPS and Eap induced platelet aggregation in whole blood. Fluorescence microscopy illustrated that P-selectin expression is associated with calcium mobilization and re-organization of the platelet actin cytoskeleton. Characterization of the functionally active domains of the major autolysin AtlA and Eap indicates that the amidase domain of Atl and the tandem repeats 3 and 4 of Eap are crucial for platelet activation. These results provide new insights in S. aureus protein interactions with platelets and identify secreted proteins as potential treatment targets in case of antibiotic-resistant S. aureus infection.
Gastrointestinale Anastomoseninsuffizienz: operatives vs. konservatives Vorgehen
Authors: Woeste Guido 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungEine Anastomoseninsuffizienz ist nach Resektionen und Rekonstruktionen im Gastrointestinaltrakt eine häufige Komplikation – ihre Folgen sind eine Verlängerung des stationären Aufenthaltes, eine schlechtere Prognose und eine erhöhte Letalität der betroffenen Patienten 1, 2. Der folgende Beitrag beleuchtet konservative und operative Therapieoptionen der Anastomoseninsuffizienz und zeigt Strategien zu ihrer Vermeidung und Früherkennung auf.
Entwicklung der auditiven Merkspanne bei Kindern mit auffälligem Zahlenfolgegedächtnis
Authors: Nürk Monika , Hornberger Cornelia , Plinkert Peter , Brunner Monika 
Published: March 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Trainierbarkeit der auditiven Merkspanne ist umstritten. Trotzdem wird die eingeschränkte auditive Merkspanne oft über lange Zeit logopädisch oder lerntherapeutisch beübt.
Methodik In einer explorativen, retrospektiven Untersuchung wurde die Entwicklung der auffälligen auditiven Merkspanne (PR ≤ 16) von 96, mehrfach diagnostizierten Kindern mit auditiven Verarbeitungs- und Wahrnehmungsstörungen (AVWS), Sprachentwicklungsauffälligkeiten (Sprachentwicklungsstörungen und phonologische Störungen) oder Lese-Rechtschreibstörungen (LRS) unter Therapie mittels eines gemischt linearen Regressionsmodells untersucht und der Einfluss vorliegender Sprachentwicklungsauffälligkeiten, des IQs und des Geschlechts auf den Verlauf ermittelt. Der durchschnittliche Beobachtungszeitraum betrug 35,7 Monate.
Ergebnisse Bei sehr niedrigen Startprozenträngen zeigte sich eine Verbesserung, Normwerte wurden jedoch nicht erreicht. Über die Zeit zeigte sich keine signifikante Verbesserung der auditiven Merkspanne (p = 0,42) in der Gesamtgruppe, 73 % der Kinder blieben auffällig, nur 27 % erreichten ein klinisch unauffälliges Ergebnis. Kinder ohne Sprachentwicklungsauffälligkeiten (p = 0,004) und Kinder mit höherem IQ (p = 0,002) hatten bessere Therapiechancen. Das Geschlecht zeigte keine Auswirkung auf den Therapieerfolg (p = 0,1).
Diskussion Gebräuchliche Therapiekonzepte sollten infrage gestellt werden. Sprachentwicklungsauffälligkeiten und der IQ könnten als prognostische Marker für ein Therapieansprechen dienen.