bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Physics of Light Emission in Halide Perovskite Devices
Authors: Stranks Samuel D. , Hoye Robert L. Z. , Di Dawei , Friend Richard H. , Deschler Felix 
Published: September 2018

AbstractLight emission is a critical property that must be maximized and controlled to reach the performance limits in optoelectronic devices such as photovoltaic solar cells and light‐emitting diodes. Halide perovskites are an exciting family of materials for these applications owing to uniquely promising attributes that favor strong luminescence in device structures. Herein, the current understanding of the physics of light emission in state‐of‐the‐art metal‐halide perovskite devices is presented. Photon generation and management, and how these can be further exploited in device structures, are discussed. Key processes involved in photoluminescence and electroluminescence in devices as well as recent efforts to reduce nonradiative losses in neat films and interfaces are discussed. Finally, pathways toward reaching device efficiency limits and how the unique properties of perovskites provide a tremendous opportunity to significantly disrupt both the power generation and lighting industries are outlined.
A dose‐ranging study of ticagrelor in children aged 3‐17 years with sickle cell disease: A 2‐part phase 2 study
Authors: Hsu Lewis L. , Sarnaik Sharada , Williams Suzan , Amilon Carl , Wissmar Jenny , Berggren Anders ,   on behalf of the HESTIA1 Investigators
Published: September 2018

AbstractAntiplatelet treatment is a potential therapeutic approach for sickle cell disease (SCD). Ticagrelor inhibits platelet aggregation and is approved for adults with acute coronary syndrome and following myocardial infarction. HESTIA1 (NCT02214121) was a 2‐part, phase 2 dose‐finding study generating ticagrelor exposure, platelet inhibition, and safety data in children with SCD (3‐17 years). In part A (n = 45), patients received 2 ticagrelor single doses, 0.125‐2.25 mg/kg (washout ≥7 days), then 7 days of twice‐daily (bid) dosing with 0.125, 0.563, or 0.75 mg/kg. In the 4‐week blinded Part B extension (optional), patients received ticagrelor (0.125, 0.563, or 0.75 mg/kg bid; n = 16) or placebo (n = 7). Platelet reactivity decreased from baseline to 2 hours postdosing, and returned to near baseline after 6 hours postdosing. Dose‐dependent platelet inhibition was seen with ticagrelor; mean relative P2Y12 reaction unit inhibition 2 hours after a single dose ranged from 6% (0.125 mg/kg) to 73% (2.25 mg/kg). Ticagrelor plasma exposure increased approximately dose proportionally. No patients experienced a hemorrhagic event during treatment. No differences were seen between groups in pain ratings and analgesic use during Part B. Ticagrelor was well tolerated with no safety concerns, no discontinuations due to adverse events (AEs), and reported AEs were mainly due to SCD. In conclusion, a dose‐exposure‐response relationship for ticagrelor was demonstrated in children with SCD for the first time. These data are important for future pediatric studies of the efficacy and safety of ticagrelor in SCD.
Randomized double‐blinded clinical trial of 5% dextrose versus triamcinolone injection for carpal tunnel syndrome patients
Authors: Wu Yung‐Tsan , Ke Ming‐Jen , Ho Tsung‐Yen , Li Tsung‐Ying , Shen Yu‐Ping , Chen Liang‐Cheng 
Published: September 2018

ObjectivePerineural injection with 5% dextrose (D5W) is a novel strategy in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). In contrast, perineural injection with corticosteroid has been used for decades for treating CTS, but possible neurotoxicity has been a major concern. No studies investigating the comparative effects have been published so far. The authors performed a prospective, randomized, double‐blinded, head‐to‐head comparative trial to compare these two approaches for patients having mild‐to‐moderate CTS.MethodsFifty‐four participants with mild‐to‐moderate CTS were randomly divided into dextrose and steroid groups. The patients were administered 1 session of perineural injection with 5ml D5W (dextrose group) or 3ml triamcinolone acetonide mixed with 2ml normal saline (steroid group), under ultrasound guidance. A visual analog scale was assigned to assess the primary outcome. The secondary outcomes were assessed using the Boston Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Questionnaire, cross‐sectional area of the median nerve, and electrophysiological studies. The assessment was performed prior to injection and 1, 3, 4, and 6 months postinjection.ResultsAll patients (27 wrists per group) completed the study. Compared with the steroid group, the dextrose group exhibited a significant reduction in pain and disability through the 4th to the 6th month (p < 0.01).InterpretationOur study demonstrates that perineural injection of D5W is more beneficial than that of corticosteroid in patients with mild‐to‐moderate CTS at 4 to 6 months postinjection. Ann Neurol 2018;84:601–610
Generation of the UFM1 Toolkit for Profiling UFM1‐Specific Proteases and Ligases
Authors: Witting Katharina F. , van der Heden van Noort Gerbrand J. , Kofoed Christian , Talavera Ormeño Cami , el Atmioui Dris , Mulder Monique P. C. , Ovaa Huib 
Published: September 2018

AbstractUbiquitin‐fold modifier 1 (UFM1) is a reversible post‐translational modifier that is covalently attached to target proteins through an enzymatic cascade and removed by designated proteases. Abnormalities in this process, referred to as Ufmylation, have been associated with a variety of human diseases. Given this, the UFM1‐specific enzymes represent potential therapeutic targets; however, understanding of their biological function has been hampered by the lack of chemical tools for activity profiling. To address this unmet need, a diversifiable platform for UFM1 activity‐based probes (ABPs) utilizing a native chemical ligation (NCL) strategy was developed, enabling the generation of a variety of tools to profile both UFM1 conjugating and deconjugating enzymes. The use of the probes is demonstrated in vitro and in vivo for monitoring UFM1 enzyme reactivity, opening new research avenues.
Reversible Photoswitching and Isomer‐Dependent Diffusion of Single Azobenzene Tetramers on a Metal Surface
Authors: Nacci Christophe , Baroncini Massimo , Credi Alberto , Grill Leonhard 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAzobenzene is a prototypical molecular switch that can be reversibly photoisomerized between the nearly planar and apolar trans form, and the distorted, polar cis form. Most studies related to azobenzene derivatives have focused on planar adsorbed molecules. We present herein the study of a three‐dimensional shape‐persistent molecular architecture consisting of four tetrahedrally arranged azobenzene units that is adsorbed on a Ag(111) surface. While the azobenzenes of the tripod in contact with the surface lost their switching ability, different isomers of the upright standing arm of the tetramer were obtained reversibly and efficiently by illumination at different wavelengths, revealing time constants of only a few minutes. Diffusion on the surface was dependent on the isomeric state—trans or cis—of the upright oriented azobenzene group. Hence, molecular mobility can be modulated by its isomeric state, which suggests that molecular growth processes could be controlled by external stimuli.
Identification and characterization of capa and pyrokinin genes in the brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera): Gene structure, immunocytochemistry, and differential expression
Authors: Ahn Seung‐Joon , Choi Man‐Yeon 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCAPA and pyrokinin (PK) neuropeptides are produced from two different genes, capa and
pyrokinin, respectively. In this study, we identified and characterized the
capa and
pyrokinin genes from the brown marmorated stink bug,
Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera). The
capa gene encodes two CAPA‐PVK (periviscerokinin) peptides (DAGLFPFPRVamide and EQLIPFPRVamide) and one CAPA‐DH (diapause hormone; NGASGNGGLWFGPRLamide). The
pyrokinin gene encodes three PK2 peptides (QLVSFRPRLamide, SPPFAPRLamide, and FYAPFSPRLamide). The whole‐mounting immunocytochemistry revealed the neurons contained PRXamide‐like peptides throughout the cerebral ganglia (CRG), gnathal ganglia (GNG), thoracic ganglia (TG), and abdominal ganglia (AG). A pair of neurosecretory cells in the CRG and three cell clusters in the GNG were found with the axonal projections extended through the lateral side. A pair of immunostained cells were found in the TG, while three pairs of cells were present in the fused AG. Different expression patterns of
capa and
pyrokinin genes were observed in the CRG–GNG, TG, and AG. The
capa gene was highly expressed in the AG tissue, whereas the
pyrokinin gene was strongly expressed in the CRG–GNG. Interestingly, different developmental stages showed similar expressions of both genes, with the highest from the first nymph, gradually decreasing to the female adult. Comparison of peptide sequences encoded from
pyrokinin genes showed the PK1 peptide is lost in Heteroptera suborders including
H. halys, but retained in other suborders. The missing PK1 from the
pyrokinin gene might be compensated by CAPA‐DH (=PK1‐like) produced by the
capa gene.
Multiple Halogenation of Aliphatic C−H Bonds within the Hofmann–Löffler Manifold
Authors: Del Castillo Estefanía , Martínez Mario D. , Bosnidou Alexandra E. , Duhamel Thomas , O'Broin Calvin Q. , Zhang Hongwei , Escudero‐Adán Eduardo C. , Martínez‐Belmonte Marta , Muñiz Kilian 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAn innovative approach to position‐selective polyhalogenation of aliphatic hydrocarbon bonds is presented. The reaction proceeded within the Hofmann‐Löffler manifold with amidyl radicals as the sole mediators to induce selective 1,5‐ and 1,6‐hydrogen‐atom transfer followed by halogenation. Multiple halogenation events of up to four innate C−H bond functionalizations were accomplished. The broad applicability of this new entry into polyhalogenation and the resulting synthetic possibilities were demonstrated for a total of 27 different examples including mixed halogenations.
Tongue image segmentation via color decomposition and thresholding
Authors: Li Zuoyong , Yu Zhaochai , Liu Weixia , Xu Yong , Zhang Daoqiang , Cheng Yong 
Published: September 2018

SummaryTongue image segmentation is a crucial step in developing an automatic tongue diagnosis system. After exploring characteristics of image thresholding in different color spaces, we propose a simple and effective tongue image segmentation method. Specifically, the proposed method first extracts an initial tongue body region by performing image thresholding on the transformed hue component in HSI (Hue, Saturation, and Intensity) color space. Then, one of two image thresholding results on the red component of an original tongue image is adaptively selected to find the gap region between the tongue body root and the upper lip. Finally, the initial tongue body region is refined by removing fake object regions such as the upper lip to obtain final tongue image segmentation result. Experimental results on a tongue image dataset containing 200 subjects demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
An online approach to defeating ROP attacks∗
Authors: Tian Donghai , Jia Xiaoqi , Zhang Zhaolong , Zhan Li , Hu Changzhen , Xue Jingfeng 
Published: September 2018

SummaryReturn‐Oriented Programming (ROP) attacks become very popular in recent years as these attacks can bypass traditional defense mechanisms such as data execution prevention (DEP) effectively. Previous solutions suffer from limitations in that: 1) some methods need to modify the target programs; 2) some methods introduce considerable performance cost; 3) some methods rely on the special hardware; and 4) ,most of existing methods could not provide an online protection for the target processes. In this paper, we present OnRop, an on‐the‐fly ROP attack protection system by using the commodity hardware features and OS internal facilities. Our system is compatible with the existing programs, and its protection layer can be added on demand. The experiments show that OnRop can detect ROP attacks effectively with moderate performance cost.
Petrographical, mineralogical, and geochemical characteristics of the Palaeocene lateritic bauxite deposits of Kachchh Basin, Western India
Authors: Singh B.P. , Srivastava V.K. 
Published: September 2018

Petrographical, mineralogical, and geochemical characteristics of a blanket‐type lateritic bauxite deposit, bordering the Deccan basalt in Kachchh, are investigated to interpret the parent rock, lateritization processes, and palaeogeographical position of the basin. The presence of partly weathered vesicular basalt at the base of the succession along with partly preserved plagioclase, augite, and hornblende in petrographical observations suggests the in situ nature of these bauxites. X‐ray diffraction analysis reveals gibbsite as the major bauxitic mineral associated with kaolinite, goethite, titanium‐rich anatase, calcite, haematite, and quartz as subconstituents. The presence of gibbsite, kaolinite, and goethite in the majority suggests that warm and humid climatic conditions prevailed during the lateritic bauxite formation. SEM‐EDS analysis shows that most of the gibbsites are mesocrystalline with particle sizes 50–200 μm that coexists with microcrystalline goethite, kaolinite, rutile, and haematite. These deposits are classified as bauxite, ferruginous bauxite, and laterite, based on chemical composition. The high CIA values (86.6–98.1%) suggest their formation under high run‐off and water‐logged conditions similar to that which prevails in the equatorial region. The Zr–Cr–Ga ternary plot testifies to the mafic composition of the parent rock. The major oxides and chondrite‐normalized trace and REEs behaviours, (La/Sm)N ratio (~5.77), and Eu anomaly of these lateritic bauxites suggest that they (bauxites) were formed in situ by the intensive leaching and alteration of the basaltic parent rock, and the process of bauxitization followed the path of deferruginization and destruction of kaolinite. The development of a lateritic regolith over the Deccan basalt was possible during Palaeocene time when the Indian Plate was in complete isolation and the Kachchh region was positioned near the equator in the Southern Hemisphere.
Household coping strategies after an adult noncommunicable disease death in Bangladesh
Authors: Mirelman Andrew J. , Trujillo Antonio J. , Niessen Louis W. , Ahmed Sayem , Khan Jahangir A.M. , Peters David H. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryWhen facing adverse health from noncommunicable disease (NCD), households adopt coping strategies that may further enforce poverty traps. This study looks at coping after an adult NCD death in rural Bangladesh. Compared with similar households without NCD deaths, households with NCD deaths were more likely to reduce basic expenditure and to have decreased social safety net transfers. Household composition changes showed that there was demographic coping for prime age deaths through the addition of more women. The evidence for coping responses from NCDs in low‐ and middle‐income countries may inform policy options such as social protection to address health‐related impoverishment.
Hydrochemical behaviour of an underground dammed limestone aquifer in the subtropics
Authors: Nakaya Shinji , Yasumoto Jun , Ha Phan Min , Aoki Hideto , Kohara Fumiya , Masuda Harue , Masuoka Kentaroh 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn an island area with limited surface water resources, the conservation of fresh groundwater resources is important for the maintenance of the water supply and irrigation system to be used in agricultural activity. In a limestone aquifer used for irrigation on a subtropical island, the progress of the dissolution behaviour of the aquifer and the effects of CO2 storage and chemical weathering of the aquifer must be understood to ensure sustainable groundwater use. In this study, hydrochemical behaviour of the Ryukyu limestone aquifer was investigated using the residence time of slowly flowing groundwater, which is contained by a 2.3‐km‐long underground man‐made dam constructed in 2005 located at the southern edge of Okinawa Island, Japan. Groundwater dating and horizontal flow velocity measurements indicate that the groundwater horizontal flow is slow in the underground dam area, whereas the saturation index (SI) for calcite indicates that the majority of the limestone exists in a supersaturated condition. The range of SI for gypsum was indicative of subsaturation, and the SI increased with the groundwater residence time, suggesting that the dissolution of CaSO4 tends to proceed slowly through the common ion effect. The dissolution of CaCO3, however, tends to be in suspension within about a residence time of 20 years. The apparent dissolution rate of Ca in the Ryukyu limestone aquifer in this area was estimated to be approximately 2.70–4.06 nmol cm−2 year−1, a value much lower than that of the early stages of the limestone dissolution. The estimated groundwater CO2 (gas) concentrations are two order high (about 0.3–7%) relative to atmospheric CO2 (about 0.04%), and the groundwater pH shows a tendency to decrease from 7.4 to 6.9 over the last approximately 20 years, indicating that the hydration reaction of CO2 occurs in the Ryukyu limestone aquifer. These findings imply that high CO2 produced in the subtropical zone is consumed slower than CO2 production during limestone dissolution, with the exclusion of the early stage of the chemical weathering process, and causes groundwater acidification in the underground dammed limestone aquifer.
Irreversible effects of trichloroethylene on the gut microbial community and gut‐associated immune responses in autoimmune‐prone mice
Authors: Khare Sangeeta , Gokulan Kuppan , Williams Katherine , Bai Shasha , Gilbert Kathleen M. , Blossom Sarah J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe developing immune system is particularly sensitive to immunotoxicants. This study assessed trichloroethylene (TCE)‐induced effects on the gut microbiome and cytokine production during the development in mice. Mice were exposed to TCE (0.05 or 500 μg/mL) at the levels that approximate to environmental or occupational exposure, respectively. Mice were subjected to a continuous developmental exposure to these doses encompassing gestation, lactation and continuing directly in the drinking water postnatally for 154 days (PND154) or PND259. To observe persistence of the effect TCE was removed from the drinking water in a subset of mice on PND154 and were provided regular drinking water until the study terminus (PND259). Abundance of total tissue‐associated bacteria reduced only in mice exposed to TCE until PND259. The ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes did not alter during this continuos exposure; however, cessation of high‐dose TCE at PND154 resulted in the increased abundance Bacteroidetes at PND259. Furthermore, high‐dose TCE exposure until PND259 resulted in a lower abundance of the genera Bacteroides and Lactobaccilus and increased abundance of genus Bifidobactrium and bacterial family Enterobacteriaceae. TCE exposure until PND154 showed significant changes in the production of interleukin‐33; that might play a dual role in maintaining the balance and homeostasis between commensal microbiota and mucosal health. At PND259, interleukin‐3, granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor and Eotaxin were altered in both, the continuous exposure and cessation groups, whereas only a cessation group had a higher level of KC that may facilitate infiltration of neutrophils. The irreversible effects of TCE after a period of exposure cessation suggested a unique programming and potential toxicity of TCE even at the environmental level exposure.
Effects of bisphenol A on gap junctions in HaCaT cells as mediated by the estrogen receptor pathway
Authors: Zhang Qi , Wu Shuang , Liu Lu , Hou Xiaohong , Jiang Jianjun , Wei Xuetao , Hao Weidong 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBisphenol A (BPA) is widely used as the raw material for the production of plastics and paper products. People can be exposed to BPA through dermal contact, particularly for cashiers in contact with thermal paper every day. BPA is a known endocrine disruptor that has been shown to be carcinogenic. Many tumors show weak gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) function. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and possible mechanisms of BPA's action on GJIC of human HaCaT skin cells. The results showed that BPA increased cell proliferation rates, prolonged GJIC photobleaching fluorescence recovery times and reduced overall fluorescence recovery rates at 0.01, 0.1 and 1 μm. BPA downregulated connexin (Cx)26 mRNA level at 0.1 μm. Estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist ICI 182 780 at 5 nm partially blocked the above effects of BPA indicating involvement of the ER pathway with BPA exposure. However, BPA did not influence Cx43 mRNA and protein levels. Our immunofluorescence data showed that Cx26 was expressed in the cytoplasm and plasma membrane, and was involved in the formation of gap junctions between adjacent cells, while Cx43 was expressed only in the cytoplasm. Therefore, our data indicate that Cx26 gap junctions may be involved in the GJIC inhibition caused by BPA. In conclusion, our results indicate that BPA can promote human skin cell proliferation, inhibit skin cell GJIC function but not formation and downregulate Cx26 mRNA levels partially through the ER pathway. We hypothesize that BPA can exhibit carcinogenicity by inhibiting GJIC.
Morphometric analysis of the gastrointestinal tract of four African muroid rodent species (Rhabdomys dilectus, Rhabdomys pumilio, Aethomys chrysophilus, and Lemniscomys rosalia)
Authors: Henke Zaskia , Sahd Lauren , Matthee Sonja , Kotzé Sanet H. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSeveral muroid rodent species are distributed throughout southern Africa. Some species are reportedly classified as opportunistic omnivorous rodents consuming plant, seed, and insect material. This study aims to provide a detailed morphometric analysis of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of four such omnivorous species, including stomach content analysis. Fixed GIT specimens (n = 5 of each) of Rhabdomys dilectus (Mesic four‐striped grass mouse), Rhabdomys pumilio (Xeric four‐striped grass mouse), Aethomys chrysophilus (Red rock rat), and Lemniscomys rosalia (Single‐striped grass mouse) were weighed. Length and circumference measurements of each anatomically distinct GIT region were determined to calculate the basal surface area (BSA). Histological sections from each GIT region were used to calculate a surface enlargement factor (SEF). The BSA and SEF were multiplied to calculate the luminal surface area (LSA) of each GIT region. Stomach content was analyzed both macroscopically and histologically. All species had a similar GIT morphology, namely a unilocular, hemiglandular stomach with a clear limiting ridge, which indicated the transition from stratified squamous epithelium to glandular epithelium. A large loosely spiralled cecum was present in all species. A narrowing of the cecal apex accompanied by lymph aggregates, confirmed histologically in both Rhabdomys species, indicated a cecal appendix. A single short colonic loop with a unique folding pattern for each species was present in the proximal colon. The colonic mucosal surface presented with proximal V‐shaped, and distal longitudinal folds. Intermediate transitional S‐shaped folds were present in three species (R. dilectus, R. pumilio, and L. rosalia). Colonic mucosal folds indicated hindgut specialization similar to other muroid rodents. The hindgut specialization was further supported by morphometric analysis, which indicated large BSA and LSA measurements in the cecum and colon. These adaptations are consistent with herbivory, despite stomach content analysis revealing omnivorous tendencies.