bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Nasoalveolar Molding in the Unilateral Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate
Authors: Mariqueo Gabriela Edith Castillo , Arriagada Eduardo Enrique Almeida , Bustos Teresita del Pilar Iturriaga , Navarro Sergio Muñoz , Espinoza Gerardo Enrique Espinoza 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Cleft lip and palate develops during embryogenesis due to an alteration in the fusion of the tissues which will form the upper lip and palate. The rate of occurrence in Chile is 1.6 per 1000 live births. The object of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of the Grayson nasoalveolar molding appliance in reducing the gap between the alveolar segments in cases of unilateral cleft lip and palate by sex, age at start of treatment, initial gap between the alveolar segments, and number of checkups.

Methods:
The study design was quasi-experimental, with measurements taken before and after surgery and no control group. The authors studied the medical records and models of a sample of 52 patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate who were discharged after treatment using Grayson nasoalveolar molding appliance. Treatment was considered effective when the final gap was 3 mm or less. Then the percentage of cases in which treatment was effective, applying statistical tests, including log regression, to assess the influence of other variables was calculated.

Results:
The authors observed that the Grayson nasoalveolar molding appliance was effective in 69.23% of patients. Of the variables studied, the initial gap presented statistically significant differences (initial gap of 8–12 mm, effectiveness 82.61%); in the log regression, the same variable presented a statistically significant difference in the adjusted odds of effectiveness.

Conclusion:
Grayson nasoalveolar molding appliance presents good effectiveness in reducing the gap between the alveolar segments in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate, especially in cases with a gap of 8 to 12 mm.
Serious Complications After Le Fort III Distraction Osteogenesis in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: Evolution of Preventive and Therapeutic Strategies
Authors: Raposo-Amaral Cassio Eduardo , Denadai Rafael , Pereira-Filho João Carlos , Vieira Pedro Henrique , Ghizoni Enrico , Raposo-Amaral Cesar Augusto 
Published: June 2018

Background:
There is a paucity of studies that report complication rates following a subcranial Le Fort III advancement using distraction osteogenesis. The purpose of this study was to identify and describe serious postoperative complications following Le Fort III advancement with distraction osteogenesis, and provide strategies to assist in the resolution of these complications.

Methods:
An observational retrospective study was performed on consecutive patients with Apert, Crouzon, or Pfeiffer syndromes (n = 16) who underwent Le Fort III advancement using distraction osteogenesis between 2008 and 2017. Serious complications were defined as frontal bone loss, cerebrospinal fluid leak, meningitis, seizures, or major blood loss (ie, massive transfusion within the first postoperative day).

Results:
Three (18.7%) patients presented serious complications, namely cerebrospinal fluid leak (n = 1; 6.2%), seizures (n = 1; 6.2%) due to a halo-type device trans-pin intracranial migration, and major blood loss (n = 1; 6.2%). Adopting well-delineated interventions, all of these complications were resolved without fatality.

Conclusion:
A Le Fort III advancement has a significant morbidity rate, with 3 of our patients (18.7%) in this study presenting serious complications. Appropriate management reduced this morbidity, and all complications were resolved without fatality.
Comparative Analysis of the Efficacy of Dental Plaque Removal Between Manual and Powered Toothbrushes in Individuals With Syndactyly
Authors: Kaizer Rosane de Oliveira Fortes , Alves Patrick Henry Machado , Tereza Guida Paola Genovez , Dalben Gisele da Silva , Neppelenbroek Karin Hermana , Soares Simone , Almeida Ana Lúcia Pompéia Fraga de 
Published: June 2018

Objective:
To compare the efficacy of dental plaque removal between manual and powered toothbrushes in individuals with syndactyly.

Material and methods:
Seventeen patients with Apert syndrome aged 11 to 30 years. The efficacy of toothbrushing was evaluated by the O’Leary plaque index at 2 periods: initial (before toothbrushing) and final (immediately after toothbrushing), using manual toothbrush (Colgate Twister) and powered toothbrush (Colgate Actibrush). Means were compared by the ANOVA test at a significance level of 5%.

Results:
The reduction in the plaque index was different for each type of toothbrush (interaction factor between manual and powered toothbrushes and initial and final periods, P = 0.026). The powered toothbrush provided greater reduction of dental plaque than the manual toothbrush.

Conclusion:
In individuals with syndactyly, both manual and powered toothbrushes allowed significant plaque reduction on tooth surfaces; however, the powered toothbrush exhibited greater efficacy of plaque removal compared with the manual toothbrush.
MRI-based neuroimaging: atypical parkinsonisms and other movement disorders
Authors: Kassubek Jan 
Published: June 2018

Purpose of review
MRI has become a well established technical tool for parkinsonism both in the diagnostic work-up to differentiate between causes and to serve as a neurobiological marker. This review summarizes current developments in the advanced MRI-based assessment of brain structure and function in atypical parkinsonian syndromes and explores their potential in a clinical and neuroscientific setting.

Recent findings
Computer-based unbiased quantitative MRI analyses were demonstrated to guide in the discrimination of parkinsonian syndromes at single-patient level, with major contributions when combined with machine-learning techniques/support vector machine classification. These techniques have shown their potential in tracking the disease progression, perhaps also as a read-out in clinical trials. The characterization of different brain compartments at various levels of structural and functional alterations can be provided by multiparametric MRI, including a growing variety of diffusion-weighted imaging approaches and potentially iron-sensitive and functional MRI.

Summary
In case that the recent advances in the MRI-based assessment of atypical parkinsonism will lead to standardized protocols for image acquisition and analysis after the confirmation in large-scale multicenter studies, these approaches may constitute a great achievement in the (operator-independent) detection, discrimination and characterization of degenerative parkinsonian disorders at an individual basis.
Dermatomal Versus Mixed Somatosensory Evoked Potentials in the Diagnosis of Lumbosacral Spinal Canal Stenosis
Authors: Essa Zainab M. , AL-Hashimi Ali F. , Nema Ihssan S. 
Published: June 2018

Purpose:
The existing literature on the use of dermatomal somatosensory evoked potentials in lumbosacral spinal canal stenosis is limited. The goal of this study was to evaluate the role of dermatomal against mixed tibial somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) as a complementary procedure to imaging studies in the diagnosis of lumbosacral stenosis.

Methods:
Thirty patients with clinically and radiologically diagnosed lumbosacral stenosis and 20 normal individuals were enrolled in the study. The study was ethically approved, and informed consent for participation was provided. All participants underwent bilateral mixed tibial and dermatomal SEP study of the third (L3), fourth (L4), fifth lumbar (L5), and first sacral (S1) dermatomes. N45, N25, N20, and N10 tibial SEP waves were measured from four channels, whereas dermatomal waves were measured from cortical recording. Peak latency and amplitude of each wave were calculated.

Results:
The cutoff value of the dermatomal S1 latency showed the highest sensitivity and specificity percentages (81.7 and 82.5, respectively), followed by L5 and N25. N25-N45 interpeak latency showed the lowest sensitivity and specificity. All L5, S1, L4, and N25 latency cutoff values presented highly significant differences between affected sides and controls (P < 0.0001), followed by N45 and N20. The amplitude cutoff values of SEP waves showed equivocal sensitivity and specificity percentages.

Conclusions:
Somatosensory evoked potential studies can be used as a supplementary test for the diagnosis of lumbosacral stenosis, with the dermatomal studies being more valuable expressing multiple root abnormalities. S1 dermatomal wave latency has the highest diagnostic value, followed by L5, N25, and then L4 latencies.
The Psychiatric Neuromodulation Unit
Authors: Sauvaget Anne , Poulet Emmanuel , Mantovani Antonio , Bulteau Samuel , Damier Philippe , Moutaud Baptiste , Paternoster Mariano , de Bartolomeis Andrea , D'Urso Giordano 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The proven effectiveness of neuromodulation and stimulation techniques for the management of psychiatric disorders has brought strongly needed innovation in psychiatry, given the high prevalence and high costs of treatment resistance. Although evidence-based guidelines in neuromodulation have been implemented to improve the clinical efficacy, safety, and research procedures, practical suggestions on how to design a psychiatric neuromodulation unit (PNU) are not available in the scientific literature. In this contribution, we have combined the results of a literature search with the suggestions of clinical psychiatrists, managers, and bioethicists who have had firsthand experience in building a PNU. Eleven key issues concerning the implementation and management of a PNU were identified: general context, team composition, environment, basic technical equipment, clinical versus research activities, target clinical population, education and training, interdisciplinarity, ethical aspects, regulatory and reimbursement issues, fund-raising, and partnership development. Moreover, a business plan comprising pragmatic solutions and recommendations for designing an efficient PNU was laid out.
Translational regulation of Syngap1 by FMRP modulates NMDAR mediated signalling
Authors: Paul Abhik , Nawalpuri Bharti , Sateesh Shruthi , Muddashetty Ravi S , Clement James P 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSYNGAP1, a Synaptic Ras-GTPase activating protein, regulates synapse maturation during a critical developmental window. Heterozygous mutation in SYNGAP1 (SYNGAP1+/-) has been shown to cause Intellectual Disability (ID) in children. Recent studies have provided evidence for altered neuronal protein synthesis in a mouse model of Syngap1+/-. However, the molecular mechanisms behind the same is unclear. Here, we report the reduced expression of a known translation regulator, FMRP, during a specific developmental period in Syngap1+/- mice. Our results demonstrated that FMRP interacts with and regulates the translation of Syngap1 mRNA. We further show that, during development, reduced translation of FMRP and this decrease in FMRP leads to a compensatory increase of Syngap1 translation in Syngap1+/-. These developmental changes are reflected in the altered response of eEF2 phosphorylation downstream of NMDA receptor signalling. We propose a cross-talk between FMRP and SYNGAP1 mediated signalling which can also explain the compensatory effect of impaired signalling observed in Syngap1+/- mice.
Subjugation of TGFβ Signaling by Human Papilloma Virus in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Shifts DNA Repair from Homologous Recombination to Alternative End-Joining
Authors: Liu Qi , Ma Lin , Jones Trevor , Palomero Luis , Pujana Miquel A. , Martinez-Ruiz Haydeliz , Ha Patrick , Murnane John , Cuartas Isabel , Seoane Joan , Baumann Michael , Linge Annett , Barcellos-Hoff Mary Helen 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPurpose:Following cytotoxic therapy, 70% of patients with human papillomavirus (HPV) positive oropharyngeal head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are alive at 5 years compared to 30% of those with similar HPV-negative cancer, which is thought to be due to dysregulation of DNA repair. Loss of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling is a poorly studied consequence of HPV that could contribute to this phenotype.Experimental Design:Human HNSCC cell lines (n=9), patient-derived xenografts (n=9), tissue microarray (n=194), TCGA expression data and primary tumor specimens (n=10) were used to define the relationship between TGFβ competency, response to DNA damage, and type of DNA repair.Results:Analysis of HNSCC specimensin situandin vitroshowed that HPV associates with loss of TGFβ signaling that increases the response to radiation or cisplatin. TGFβ suppressed miR-182 that inhibited both BRCA1, necessary for homologous recombination repair, and FOXO3, which is required for ATM kinase activity. TGFβ signaling blockade by either HPV or inhibitors released this control, compromised HRR and increased response to PARP inhibition. Antagonizing miR-182 rescued the homologous recombination deficit in HPV+ cells. Loss of TGFβ signaling unexpectedly increased error-prone, alternative end-joining repair.Conclusions: HPV-positive HNSCC cells are unresponsive to TGFβ. Abrogated TGFβ signaling compromises homologous recombination and shifts reliance on alt-EJ repair that provides a mechanistic basis for sensitivity to PARP inhibitors. The effect of HPV in HNSCC provides critical validation of TGFβ’s role in DNA repair proficiency and further raises the translational potential of TGFβ inhibitors in cancer therapy.
Identification of two principal amyloid-driving segments in variable domains of Ig light chains in AL amyloidosis
Authors: Brumshtein Boris , Esswein Shannon R. , Sawaya Michael R. , Ly Alan T. , Landau Meytal , Eisenberg David S. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTSystemic light chain amyloidosis (AL) is a disease caused by overexpression of monoclonal immunoglobulin light chains that form pathogenic amyloid fibrils. These amyloid fibrils deposit in tissues and cause organ failure. Proteins form amyloid fibrils when they partly or fully unfold and expose segments capable of stacking into β-sheets that pair forming a tight, dehydrated interface. These structures, termed steric zippers, constitute the spines of amyloid fibrils. Here, we identify segments within the variable domains of Ig light chains that drive the assembly of amyloid fibrils in AL. We demonstrate there are at least two such segments. Each one can drive amyloid fibril assembly independently of the other. Thus these two segments are therapeutic targets. In addition to elucidating the molecular pathogenesis of AL, these findings also provide an experimental approach to identify segments that drive fibril formation in other amyloid diseases.
Bacteria-to-human protein networks reveal origins of endogenous DNA damage
Authors: Xia Jun , Chiu Li-Ya , Nehring Ralf B. , Bravo Núñez María Angélica , Mei Qian , Perez Mercedes , Zhai Yin , Fitzgerald Devon M. , Pribis John P. , Wang Yumeng , Hu Chenyue W. , Powell Reid T. , LaBonte Sandra A. , Jalali Ali , Matadamas Guzmán Meztli L. , Lentzsch Alfred M. , Szafran Adam T. , Joshi Mohan C. , Richters Megan , Gibson Janet L. , Frisch Ryan L. , Hastings P.J. , Bates David , Queitsch Christine , Hilsenbeck Susan G. , Coarfa Cristian , Hu James C. , Siegele Deborah A. , Scott Kenneth L. , Liang Han , Mancini Michael A. , Herman Christophe , Miller Kyle M. , Rosenberg Susan M. 
Published: June 2018

SUMMARYDNA damage provokes mutations and cancer, and results from external carcinogens or endogenous cellular processes. Yet, the intrinsic instigators of DNA damage are poorly understood. Here we identify proteins that promote endogenous DNA damage when overproduced: the DNA-damaging proteins (DDPs). We discover a large network of DDPs inEscherichia coliand deconvolute them into six DNA-damage-causing function clusters, demonstrating DDP mechanisms in three: reactive-oxygen increase by transmembrane transporters, chromosome loss by replisome binding, and replication stalling by transcription factors. Their 284 human homologs are over-represented among known cancer drivers, and their expression in tumors predicts heavy mutagenesis and poor prognosis. Half of tested human homologs, when overproduced in human cells, promote DNA damage and mutation, with DNA-damaging mechanisms like those inE. coli. Together, our work reveals DDP networks that provoke endogenous DNA damage and may indicate functions of many human known and newly implicated cancer-promoting proteins.
The Impact of Grant Funding on the Publication Activity of Awarded Applicants: A Systematic Review of Comparative Studies and Meta-analytical Estimates
Authors: Saygitov Ruslan T. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTThe connection between grant funding and research productivity has not been well established.Objectiveto examine the impact of grant funding on the publication activity of awarded applicants.Methodsa systematic review of results from comparative studies on the publication activity of applicants (awarded vs rejected) both prior to and after the award process. All pool estimates (weighted mean difference) were based on random-effects models.Resultsrevealed 16 relevant publications (grant funding from 14 funds, 1980 to 2007 years), all with results from quasi-experimental studies. 45 paired values (ex ante – ex post) for the number of articles published by awarded and rejected applicants were used in the quantitative synthesis. The median average publication activity of awarded applicants before the award process was 2.4 (1.3; 3.4) and after the award process 3.1 (1.7; 4.3) publications per year, for rejected applicants was 1.8 (1.0; 2.9) and 2.4 (1.1; 3.8) respectively. The summation of the results from these studies using the difference-in-differences approach showed that awarded applicants published 0.14 articles per year (95% Cl 0.07 to 0.21) more than rejected applicants (adjusted for publication bias). A meta-regression analysis made it possible to tie together the revealed small difference with the difference-in-differences approach bias − the subsequent differences in the groups are determined by the scale of the initial differences in their publication activity.Conclusionawarded applicants published slightly more often than their rejected opposites. However, this effect may be the result of a bias caused by the shortcomings of the difference-in-differences approach.
DNA-uptake pilus ofVibrio choleraecapable of kin-discriminated auto-aggregation
Authors: Adams David. W. , Stutzmann Sandrine , Stoudmann Candice , Blokesch Melanie 
Published: June 2018

AbstractNatural competence for transformation is a widely used and key mode of horizontal gene transfer that can foster rapid bacterial evolution. Competent bacteria take-up DNA from their environment using Type IV pili, a widespread and multi-purpose class of cell surface polymers. However, how pili facilitate DNA-uptake has remained unclear. Here, using direct labelling, we show that in the Gram-negative pathogenVibrio choleraeDNA-uptake pili are highly dynamic and that they retract prior to DNA-uptake. Unexpectedly, these pili can self-interact to mediate auto-aggregation of cells into macroscopic structures. This phenotype is conserved in disease causing pandemic strains. However, extensive strain-to-strain variability in the major pilin subunit PilA, present in environmental isolates, controls the ability of pili to interact without affecting transformation. We go on to show that interactions between pili are highly specific, enabling cells producing pili composed of different PilA subunits to discriminate between one another. On chitin surfaces, a natural habitat ofV. cholerae, pili connect cells within dense networks, suggesting a model whereby DNA-uptake pili function to promote inter-bacterial interactions during surface colonisation. Moreover, our results provide evidence that type IV pili could provide a simple and potentially widespread mechanism for bacterial kin recognition.
Robustness of local control strategies under modelling uncertainties: the 2004 avian influenza H5N1 outbreak in Thailand
Authors: Retkute Renata , Jewell Chris P. , Van Boeckel Thomas P. , Zhang Geli , Xiao Xiangming , Thanapongtharm Weerapong , Keeling Matt , Gilbert Marius , Tildesley Michael J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) subtype H5N1 virus persists in many countries and has been circulating in poultry, wild birds. In addition, the virus has emerged in other species and frequent zoonotic spillover events indicate that there remains a significant risk to human health. It is crucial to understand the dynamics of the disease in the poultry industry to develop a more comprehensive knowledge of the risks of transmission and to establish a better distribution of resources when implementing control. In this paper, we develop a set of mathematical models that simulate the spread of HPAI H5N1 in the poultry industry in Thailand, utilising data from the 2004 epidemic. The model that incorporates the intensity of duck farming when assessing transmision risk provides the best fit to the spatiotemporal characteristics of the observed outbreak, implying that intensive duck farming drives transmission of HPAI in Thailand. We also extend our models using a sequential model fitting approach to explore the ability of the models to be used in “real time” during novel disease outbreaks. We conclude that, whilst predictions of epidemic size are estimated poorly in the early stages of disease outbreaks, the model accurately predicts the preferred control policy that should be deployed to minimise the impact of the disease.
Orchestration ofDrosophilapost-feeding physiology and behavior by the neuropeptide leucokinin
Authors: Zandawala Meet , Yurgel Maria E. , Liao Sifang , Texada Michael J. , Rewitz Kim F. , Keene Alex C. , Nässel Dick R. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBehavior and physiology are orchestrated by neuropeptides acting as neuromodulators and/or circulating hormones. A central question is how these neuropeptides function to coordinate complex and competing behaviors. The neuropeptide leucokinin (LK) modulates diverse functions, including circadian rhythms, feeding, water homeostasis, and sleep, but the mechanisms underlying these complex interactions remain poorly understood. Here, we delineate the LK circuitry that governs homeostatic functions that are critical for survival. We found that impaired LK signaling affects diverse but coordinated processes, including regulation of stress, water homeostasis, locomotor activity, and metabolic rate. There are three different sets of LK neurons, which contribute to different aspects of this physiology. We show that the calcium activity of abdominal ganglia LK neurons (ABLKs) increases specifically following water consumption, but not under other conditions, suggesting that these neurons regulate water homeostasis and its associated physiology. To identify targets of LK peptide, we mapped the distribution of the LK receptor (Lkr), mined brain single-cell transcriptome dataset for genes coexpressed withLkr, and utilized trans-synaptic labeling to identify synaptic partners of LK neurons.Lkrexpression in the brain insulin-producing cells (IPCs), gut, renal tubules and sensory cells, and the post-synaptic signal in sensory neurons, correlates well with regulatory roles detected in theLkandLkrmutants. Furthermore, these mutants and flies with targeted knockdown ofLkrin IPCs displayed altered expression of insulin-like peptides (DILPs) in IPCs and modulated stress responses. Thus, some effects of LK signaling appear to occur via DILP action. Collectively, our data suggest that the three sets of LK neurons orchestrate the establishment of post-prandial homeostasis by regulating distinct physiological processes and behaviors such as diuresis, metabolism, organismal activity and insulin signaling. These findings provide a platform for investigating neuroendocrine regulation of behavior and brain-to-periphery communication.