bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sobreprecio por volumen en tiendas de autoservicio en línea en México
Authors: Castro Pérez José Eduardo , Flores Curiel Daniel 
Published: October 2019

En este artículo, estimamos que 11.15% de los productos relevantes tienen sobreprecio por volumen –el precio por unidad de la presentación grande es mayor que el de la presentación chica– en las tiendas de autoservicio en línea del país. Además, empleamos un modelo empírico para someter a prueba varias teorías sobre los factores que lo provocan. Entre otras cosas, encontramos que el sobreprecio por volumen se presenta con mayor probabilidad en los productos refrigerados y con menor probabilidad en los productos de marca de la tienda.

Recepción: 06/11/2015
Aceptación: 26/10/2018
Atividade antimicrobiana do alho (Allium sativum l.) frente a bactéria causadora de infecção do trato urinário
Authors: Freire Caldas Fabiano , Silva Filho Jeronimo Pereira , Rodrigues Carla Andreia Rezende , Da Silva Diego Pereira 
Published: October 2019

Uma das formas de infecção mais predominante em todo mundo é a infecção do trato urinário, e pode-se determiná-la como: cistite, infecção do trato urinário baixo, infecção da bexiga ou como pielonefrite que é a forma mais grave desta patologia, onde a infecção se instala nos ureteres e rins. Na maioria dos casos a infecção é causada pela da bactéria Escherichia coli. Vários métodos alternativos com base em plantas ou extratos vegetais são testados a fim de se obter tratamentos que substituem os antibióticos sintéticos. O presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar a análise da atividade antibacteriana in vitro do óleo essencial do alho (allium sativum l.) e do extrato de alho frente bactéria Escherichia coli. O óleo essencial e os extratos do alho foram diluídos nas concentrações 100%, 50% e 25% e aplicados em meio contendo as cepas de E. coli juntamente com os antibióticos convencionais ciprofloxacina e levofloxacina para comparação de halo no antibiograma. Após incubação por 24 horas a 36°C, os resultados obtidos mostraram que o óleo essencial não apresentou resultado satisfatório, já o extrato de alho obteve halos(mm) em todas as concentrações analisadas (100% 13,33±2,59 50% 9,22±1,48 e 25% 6,22±4,27 sendo que a concentração de 100% obteve circunferências notáveis e muito próximas dos criados pelos antibióticos convencionais ciprofloxacina (11,56±4,27) e levofloxacina (13,44±3,43).
Aplicação do modelo SIR no estudo da transmissão da dengue no município de Gurupi, Tocantins
Authors: Rosa Laina Pires , Cruz Pedro Alexandre da 
Published: October 2019

A dengue, uma doença infecciosa febril aguda que pode matar, tornou-se um dos maiores problemas de saúde pública no Brasil. Por ainda não possuir uma vacina eficaz, seu quadro epidemiológico multiplica-se em todo território nacional, principalmente no verão, onde o mosquito Aedes aegypti vetor de transmissão da doença encontra condições ambientais favoráveis à sua alta reprodução. O objetivo desse estudo é discutir e aplicar o Modelo SIR (susceptíveis, infectados e recuperados) na descrição da transmissão da dengue no município de Gurupi-TO. Realizando simulações a fim de validar o modelo comparando com os dados reais de casos de dengue no município, além de apresentar alterações feitas em alguns parâmetros cujos esse não se tem registros. As simulações numéricas foram efetuadas via método de Runge-Kutta de 4ª ordem implementado em linguagem C, utilizando alguns parâmetros da literatura, outros foram ajustados para validação do modelo para os períodos de 2006/2011, 2009/2013 e 2014/2016 o que proporcionou um melhor ajuste para todos os períodos quando comparados com os dados reais.
Impact of traditional bonesetters on contemporary fracture care in Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs): a systematic review
Authors: Onyemaechi Ndubuisi , Menson William N.A. , Goodman Xan , Slinkard Samantha , Onwujekwe Obinna E , Enweani Ugochukwu N , Nwankwo Okechukwu E , Nwomeh Benedict C , Nwariaku Fiemu E , Ezeanolue Echezona E 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: The review aimed at systematically examining the evidence in articles that assess the clinical effects and impact of traditional bonesetters on contemporary fracture care in Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs).Methods: A systematic review was conducted. Articles were identified by database searching ((PubMed, Embase, ScienceDirect, SCOPUS, and Web of Science). Searching, selecting and reporting were conducted according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) Statement. The key words that were used in search for literature were: “Bonesetter”, “fracture healer” and “traditional bone setting”. Publications included for review were original articles, set in an LMIC and directly talked about the role and/or impact of traditional bonesetters in providing fracture care. Papers that focused on Low and Middle Income (LMIC) settings were reviewed.Results: A total of 176 papers were screened for eligibility and 15 studies were finally included. Nine were prospective studies, while 6 were retrospective studies. Most of the studies focused on clinical impacts of bone setter intervention. The evidence from the publications show that the main clinical effects of traditional bonesetters had been deleterious, but they had the potential to contribute positively when trained.Conclusion: Few well designed studies are available that assessed the impact of traditional bonesetters. Reported cases and reviews indicate their impact to be deleterious. However, the potential exist that when trained, these deleterious impact can be reduced through training for traditional bonesetters who contribute to fracture care in many LMICs.
Satisfaction of Caretakers on Community Based Newborn Care and Its Predictors in Boloso Sore District, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Dargaso Yoseph Dolebo , Tunta Tujare Orsido , Yohannis Bereket kabalo 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: A community based newborn care was very important to the survival of newborns. The program is primarily provided by Health Extension Workers. However, the quality of the care in relation to caretakers’ satisfaction has not been adequately documented. Therefore the aim of this study was to assess satisfaction of caretakers on Community-Based Newborn Care and its predictors in Boloso Sore District in South Ethiopia.Methods: A community based cross-sectional study design was done on 426 caretakers with infants’ age less than 6 months. The outcome measure was satisfaction of caretakers. Socio-demographic characteristics and service utilization of respondents, and institutional and provider-related factors were predictors of caretakers’ satisfaction on the service. Structured questionnaire developed from relevant literatures and pretested before in use. The outcome was measured by using a 5-point Likert scale of seven questions (items). The seven items were also assessed for overall reliability (Chronbach’s alpha=0.94). A multivariate logistic regression was used to identify predictors of satisfaction of care takers by controlling potential confounders.Results: Based on this study 48.8 % of caretakers who received the Community Based Newborn Care from health extension workers were satisfied. Factors associated with their satisfaction were, educational status (AOR: 3.38, 95%CI: 1.02-11.27), postnatal care given by HEWs (AOR: 0.61, 95%CI: 0.39-0.98), recent child birth at home (AOR: 1.95, 95%CI: 0.99-3.86).Conclusions: More than half of caretakers who received CBNC from health extension workers in the study area were dissatisfied with the service. Public health interventions focusing on postnatal care and promoting institutional delivery might contribute to improve caretakers’ satisfaction.
Functional expression of a novel methanol-stable esterase by Geobacillus subterraneus DSM13552 for biocatalytic synthesis of cinnamyl acetate in a solvent-free system
Authors: Cai Xianghai , Lin Lin , Shen Yaling , Wei Wei , Wei Dong-zhi 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Esterases are widely distributed in nature and have important applications in medical, industrial and physiological. Recently, the increased demand for flavor esters has prompted the search of catalysts like lipases and esterases. Esterases from thermophiles also show thermal stability at elevated temperatures and have become enzymes of special interest in biotechnological applications. Although most of esterases catalyzed reactions are carried out in toxic and inflammable organic solvents, the solvent-free system owning many advantages such as low cost and easy downstream processing. Results: The gene estGSU753 from Geobacillus subterraneus DSM13552 was cloned, sequenced, and overexpressed into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The novel gene has an open reading frame of 753 bp, and encoding 250-amino-acid esterase (EstGSU753). The sequence analysis showed that the protein contains a catalytic triad formed by Ser97, Asp196, and His226, and the Ser of the active site is located in the conserved motif Gly95-X-Ser97-X-Gly99 included in most esterases and lipases. The protein catalyzed the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl esters of different acyl chain lengths, and the enzyme specific activity was 70 U/mg with the optimum substrate p-nitrophenyl caprylate. The optimum pH and temperature of the recombinant enzyme were 8.0 and 60°C respectively. The resulting EstGSU753 showed remarkable stability against methanol. After the incubation at 50% methanol for 9 days, EstGSU753 retained 50% of its original activity. Even incubation at 90% methanol for 2100 minutes, EstGSU753 retained 50% of its original activity. Also, the preliminary study of the transesterification shows the potential value in synthesis of short-chain flavor esters in a solvent-free system, and more than 99% conversion was obtained in 6 h (substrate: cinnamyl alcohol, 1.0 M). Conclusions: This is the first report of esterase gene cloning from Geobacillus subterraneus with detailed enzymatic properties. This methanol-stable esterase showed potential value in industrial applications especially in the perfume industry.
Analysis of promoter regions in the saxitoxin gene cluster identifies potential bottlenecks in heterologous biosynthesis
Authors: D'Agostino Paul Michael , Al-Sinawi Bakir , Mazmouz Rabia , Muenchhoff Julia , Neilan Brett Anthony , Moffitt Michelle 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Dolichospermum circinale is a filamentous bloom-forming cyanobacterium responsible for biosynthesis of the paralytic shellfish toxins (PST), including saxitoxin. PSTs are neurotoxins and in their purified form are important analytical standards for monitoring the quality of water and seafood and biomedical research tools for studying neuronal sodium channels. More recently, PSTs have been recognised for their utility as local anaesthetics. Characterisation of the transcriptional elements within the saxitoxin ( sxt ) biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) is a first step towards accessing these molecules for biotechnology. Results: In D. circinale AWQC131C the sxt BGC is transcribed from two bidirectional promoter regions encoding five individual promoters. These promoters were identified experimentally using 5ʹ RACE and their activity assessed via coupling to a lux reporter system in E. coli and Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Transcription of the predicted drug/metabolite transporter (DMT) encoded by sxtPER was found to initiate from two promoters, P sxtPER and P sxtPER2 . In E. coli , strong expression of lux from P sxtP , P sxtD and P sxtPER was observed while expression from P orf24 and P sxtPER2 was remarkably weaker. In contrast, heterologous expression in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 showed that expression of lux from P sxtP , P sxtPER , and P orf24 promoters was statistically higher compared to the non-promoter control, while P sxtD showed poor activity under the described conditions. Conclusions: Both of the heterologous hosts investigated in this study exhibited high expression levels from three of the five sxt promoters. These results indicate that future experiments to clone the complete sxt BGC into either heterologous host should result in the transcription of the complete pathway following engineering of the least active promoters. Therefore, heterologous expression of the sxt BGC in either E. coli or Synechocystis could be a viable option for producing PSTs for industrial or biomedical purposes.
BCG induced neutrophil extracellular traps formation and its regulatory mechanism
Authors: Sun Erlin , Liu Kangkang , Lei Mingde , Wang Lining , Nian Xuewu , Li Limin , Gao Jingda 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Intravesical BCG is one of the most effective immunotherapies for bladder cancer. Our previous study showed that BCG could induce the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which play an important role in bladder tumor treatment. To identify how BCG induced NETs formation, in this study, we examined NETs formation induced by BCG in vitro and in mouse model, then analyzed the effects of NETs on BCG, and the relevant regulatory mechanism.Methods The formation of NETs was visualized by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). NETs quantitation was evaluated by the strength of extracellular DNA. ROS and NETs formation were examined by co-culturing with the inhibitors of ROS, NADPH oxidase and relevant pathways respectively. FITC–labeled BCG was used to observe the capturing by NETs. Finally, NETs formation was observed in mouse urine and subcutaneous tumor after BCG perfusion.Results BCG time-dependently induced in vitro NETs formation, as well as in urine and subcutaneous tumor of mouse, which could be inhibited by pretreatment with DNase I and protease. Interestingly, BCG was trapped but not killed in vitro by NETs, which was different from the effect on S. aureus. Moreover, ROS was required for BCG-induced NETs formation, which was regulated by star pathways, such as MEK, p38, PI3K and PKC pathways.Conclusions By exploring how BCG induce the formation of NETs and regulatory mechanism, we concluded a novel immune reaction of neutrophils in the early stages of BCG treatment.
Immune Classification for the PD-L1 Expression and Tumour-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Noh Byeong-Joo , Kwak Jae Young , Eom Dae-Woon 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Colorectal adenocarcinoma is the third most common cancer worldwide and a leading cause of cancer-related death. The recent emergence of diverse immunotherapeutic agents has made it crucial to interpret a complex tumour microenvironment intermingled with tumour-infiltrating immune cells to predict the immunotherapeutic response rate. However, in colorectal adenocarcinoma, studies are lacking that provide detailed analyses of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) to elucidate their prognostic values and to identify immunotherapy-targetable subgroups, preferably with multiple immune-related biomarkers. In the present study, we categorize colorectal adenocarcinomas into four types of tumour immune microenvironments according to PD-L1 expression and TIL, analyse their prognostic values, and propose an immunotherapy-targetable subgroup.Methods Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples of surgically resected primary colorectal adenocarcinomas (n = 489) were obtained and arrayed on tissue microarray blocks. Immunohistochemical stains for PD-L1, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8), and microsatellite instability (MSI) were performed and evaluated.Results Tumour microenvironment immune type (TMIT) I (PD-L1-positive tumour cells and CD8-high TIL) and type II (PD-L1-negative tumour cells and CD8-low TIL) showed the best and worst prognoses, respectively. PD-L1 overexpression was significantly associated with MSI status. PD-L1 immunoreactivity was positively correlated with TIL having CD8 or PD-1 overexpression.Conclusions TMIT I subgroup showed stronger CD8/PD-L1/PD-1 signalling interaction compared to the other TMIT. Therefore, we propose that the TMIT I subgroup is a candidate TMIT to predict effective response rate for existing immune checkpoint inhibitors and determine targetable subgroups for emerging therapies.
Prognostic significance of PD-L1 in advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma patients: a cohort study at a single institute
Authors: Zhao Yanjie , Shi Feng , Zhou Quan , Li Yuchen , Wu Jiangping , Wang Ruibin , Song Qingkun 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the prognostic effect of PD-L1 on Chinese non-small cell lung carcinoma patients.Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted and consecutively recruited 97 patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma. The expression status of PD-1, PD-L1, p53 and Ki-67 was detected by immunohistochemistry. Kaplan-Meier survival curve with log-rank test was used to estimate survival. Cox-Hazard Proportion regression model was used to estimate the hazard ratio and 95% confidence intervalResults The median tumor size was 3.5 cm and 2.0 cm among patients with positive and negative PD-L1 expression, respectively (p<0.001). The proportion of patients with positive and negative PD-L1 expression having nerve invasion was 26.3% and 5.0% (p<0.01). 47.4% patients with positive PD-L1 expression had blood vessel invasion compared with 20.0% patients with negative PD-L1 expression (p<0.01). 64.9% patients with positive PD-L1 expression had lymph node metastasis compared with 27.5% patients with negative PD-L1 expression (p<0.001). Patients with positive PD-L1 expression were more likely to be in advanced stage (p<0.001) and had higher Ki-67 index (p<0.01). PD-L1 expression status did not show any significant association with DFS or OS. However among advanced patients, HR of PD-L1 expression was 4.13 (95%CI 1.06, 16.12).Conclusions Positive PD-L1 expression is associated with poorer prognosis in advanced stage patients. Compare to patients with negative expression, patients with positive PD-L1 expression had more aggressive pathological features. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm the results.
Pathological Response Has Survival Benefits for Rectal Cancer following Neoadjuvant Therapy
Authors: Chen Wei-Chih , Kuo Li-Jen , Chen Chia-Che , Wei Po-Li , Huang Yu-Min , Huang Yan-Juin , Tong Yiu-Shun , Chen Ray-Jade 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Studies reporting the results of associated factors of pathological completed response (PCR) and tumor regression response in patients with rectal cancer following neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy (nCRT) are inconsistent. The purpose of this study was to identify the prognostic factors of tumor response and outcome in rectal cancer patients.Methods The study was a retrospective analysis. Patients with locally advanced rectal cancer underwent nCRT followed by surgery from 2010 to 2014 with 5 years of follow-up. The primary outcomes were associated factors of pathological completed response and downstaging. The risk factors of survival outcome and disease recurrence were also observed.Results A total of 169 rectal cancer patients were included. The PCR rate was 17.8%, and the downstaging rate was 60.9%. Patients with a histology type of adenocarcinoma associated with PCR, and patients positive for clinical N stage were associated with downstaging. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed the PCR group performed better to a statistically significant level both in overall survival and disease recurrence free survival than the no PCR group (p= 0.033 & 0.025, respectively). Patients with a downstaging response also showed better overall survival benefits and disease recurrence free survival benefits than their counter-parts (both p<0.001). After controlling confounding variables, the risk factors of overall survival were downstaging [Hazard Ratio (HR): 0.40, 95% CI: 0.21-0.74], male, abnormal post-nCRT CEA level and abnormal Hb level. In addition, the protective factors of recurrence were downstaging and having adjuvant chemotherapy.Conclusions Among rectal cancer patients who received the neoadjuvant therapy, histology type and clinical N stage were associated with PCR and downstaging, respectively. Downstaging was an important protective factor for better overall survival and recurrence free survival.
Single-institution experience with selective internal radiation therapy for the treatment of primary and secondary hepatic tumors
Authors: Yammine Kabalan , Kamar Francois G. , Nasser Jason , Tayar Claude , Ghosn Marwan , Chehade Feras , Daher Jihad , Nicolas Gregory 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background
Numerous studies have demonstrated that radioembolization of the liver with yttrium-90 microspheres provides a survival advantage for patients with unresectable primary or secondary tumors of the liver. The goal of this study was to provide results of the real-world experience of a single center in Lebanon with the use of radioembolization to treat liver-only or liver-dominant tumors.

Methods
Patients were included in this retrospective review if they were evaluated for radioembolization between January 2015 and June 2017 and had a lung shunt fraction of 20% or less. Tumor responses were determined using the Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors.

Results
Of the 23 patients treated with radioembolization, 8 had hepatocellular carcinoma, 4 had cholangiocellular carcinoma, and 11 had liver-only or liver-dominant metastases from other primary cancers. All were Middle Eastern, with a median age of 64 years (range 36-87 years), and 14 were men. A majority (n=19) had an initial tumor volume of 49% or less. Most (n=17) had multifocal lesions, and 8 had a history of branched or main portal vein thrombosis. Eighteen patients required arterial coil occlusion. Two patients had their cystic artery occluded, and one of these patients developed cholecystitis, which was successfully treated with antibiotics and supportive care. Only one other patient developed a postradioembolization complication, which was a peptic ulcer and was not thought to be due to arterial reflux of microspheres because both the gastroduodenal and right gastric arteries were occluded. Median time to progression was 7 months (range 3-36 months), and median overall survival from radioembolization was 12 months (range 3-40 months). Tumor responses include complete response for 5 patients and partial response for 13 patients. One patient had stable disease and 4 had progressive disease.

Conclusion
While avoiding prophylactic coiling, we had a positive experience with coiling of the gastroduodenal artery and middle hepatic artery for consolidation of radiotherapy. Performing radioembolization in a nonreferral, private center in Lebanon resulted in good patient outcomes with a low rate of complications.