bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aging‐related anorexia and its association with disability and frailty
Authors: Tsutsumimoto Kota , Doi Takehiko , Makizako Hyuma , Hotta Ryo , Nakakubo Sho , Makino Keitaro , Suzuki Takao , Shimada Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundAnorexia of ageing may be a precursor to various geriatric syndromes. We elucidated whether anorexia of ageing had a significant impact on incident disability and investigated whether anorexia of ageing had a direct association with future disability or an indirect association with disability via frailty.MethodsThis study employed an observational, longitudinal, cohort design in a community setting. Participants were 4393 older adults (75.9 ± 4.3 years). Anorexia of ageing was assessed by a simplified nutritional appetite questionnaire. Frailty was operationalized as slowness, weakness, exhaustion, low physical activity, and weight loss. Participants who had none of these characteristics were considered robust, those with one or two characteristics were considered pre‐frail, and those with three or more characteristics were considered frail. We examined sociodemographic variables (age, sex, and education), medical history (medication and chronic disease history), lifestyle factors (smoking and drinking habits and living arrangement), body mass index, blood nutrition data, depressive symptoms, physical functioning, and cognitive functioning.ResultsThe prevalence of anorexia of ageing was 10.7% (n = 468). The proportion of physical frailty, pre‐frailty, and robustness were 8.4, 52.0, and 39.6%, respectively, in the without anorexia of ageing group, and 20.3, 57.7, and 22.0%, respectively, in the anorexia of ageing group (P < 0.001). During a 2‐year follow‐up, the prevalence proportion of disability was 5.6% in the without anorexia of ageing group and 10.7% in the anorexia of ageing group (P < 0.001). Adjusted for covariates (except for frailty status), the participants with anorexia of ageing had an independently associated higher risk of incident disability compared with those without anorexia of ageing (hazard ratio: 1.43, 95% confidence interval: 1.04–1.95, P = 0.03). However, adjusted for covariates (including frailty status), anorexia of ageing was not significantly associated with incident disability (P = 0.09). Structural equation models revealed that anorexia of ageing had no direct effect on disability; however, anorexia of ageing was associated with frailty.ConclusionsOlder adults with anorexia of ageing had a higher proportion of frailty and a higher prevalence proportion of disability compared with those without anorexia of ageing. Although anorexia of ageing may not have a direct effect on incident disability, the structural equation model suggests an indirect relationship between anorexia of ageing and incident disability via frailty status.
Preparation of a radiolabeled GnRH‐I analogue derivative with 111In as a new anti‐proliferative agent
Authors: Zoghi Masoumeh , Nosrati Sima Attar , Rogni Faramarz , Rajabifar Saaed 
Published: August 2018

The new GnRH‐Ιanalogue developed in this paper was based on the D‐Trp6‐GnRH‐Ι‐scaffold, and its potency was increased by the replacement Gly‐NH2 by NH‐NH2 binding to the Gly at position 10. Triptorelin‐Hydrazide analogue was synthesized using solid phase. For 111In labeling, synthesized peptide was followed by conjugation with DOTA using pSCN‐Bn‐DOTA. The conjugated Triptorelin‐Hydrazide was labeled with 500‐550 MBq of 111In‐chloride (in 0.2 M HCl). At optimized conditions after labeling, radio‐chromatography showed radiochemical purity of approximately equal to 98% (RTLC) and greater than 95% (HPLC). The serum stability of the tracer was determined up to 24 hr. Binding affinities of Triptorelin‐Hydrazide analogue were determined in a binding assay for both human and rat GnRH receptors. For in vivo studies, 111In‐peptide was injected intravenously via the tail vein into rats and significant ovaries uptake consist with reported GnRH receptor mappings. In vitro radioligand binding assays performed with GnRHR‐expressing human cell lines using 125I‐Triptorelin as the standard radioligand. The quantities of internalization efficiency and receptor affinity of the new radioligand were IC50 = 0.20 ± 0.04 nM vs 0.13 ± 0.08 nM for Triptorelin and internalization: 3.5 ± 0.9% at 1 hr and 12.8 ± 1.8% at 4 hr of the internal reference.
Polarity of the Fano Resonance in the Near‐Field Magnetic‐Dipole Response of a Dielectric Particle Near a Conductive Surface
Authors: Khromova Irina , Sayanskiy Andrey , Uryutin Andrey , Evlyukhin Andrey B. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractFano resonances are observed in the near‐field electric‐field spectra of dielectric particles sustaining magnetic dipole resonances and located in the vicinity of a conductive surface (reflector). The polarity of these Fano resonances is defined by the relative positions of the resonant particle, the observation points, and the reflector. This paper studies two cases corresponding to common near‐field measurement techniques, where the electric field is detected by aperture‐based probes and scattering probes. In the first case, as the particle moves away from the reflector, the polarity of the observed Fano resonance reverses every quarter‐of‐a‐wavelength of the particle's magnetic resonance. In the second case, in addition to the periodic change of polarity, a phase shift of π is detected between the fields detected at the opposite sides of the resonant particle. This work proves, theoretically, that the observed Fano resonance polarities arise due to the interference between the external electric‐field standing wave and the resonant fields generated by the particle's magnetic dipole moment. The findings are supported by a recent terahertz experiment and the gigahertz experiment presented in this paper.
Neurological lower urinary tract dysfunction essential terminology
Authors: Gajewski Jerzy B. , Drake Marcus J. 
Published: August 2018

AimsTo introduce basic concepts and definitions in the International Continence Society (ICS) Standardisation of Terminology in adult Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction (NLUTD).MethodsFundamental terminology in the ICS Standardisation of Terminology of Adult NLUTD was identified and summarized.ResultsNLUTD is often associated with impairment of cognitive, motor, sensory, and/or autonomic functions. Lesions are categorized into suprapontine, pontine/suprasacral spinal, sacral spinal, cauda equina/peripheral nerve, or mixed lesions. People affected with neurological disease are also at risk of the conditions seen in the general population, such as benign prostate enlargement. Symptoms of NLUTD include alterations in bladder or urethral sensation and incontinence. Loss of urine can result from incontinence, involuntary passing of urine and factors that impair toilet use, incorporating problems such as impaired cognition urinary incontinence, impaired mobility urinary incontinence, and voiding dysregulation. Signs may be discerned by physical examination and recording of a frequency volume chart or bladder diary. Urodynamic observations during filling cystometry may include altered sensations, neurogenic detrusor overactivity, and reduced bladder compliance. During pressure flow studies, there may be detrusor underactivity or bladder outlet obstruction (BOO). BOO may be caused by various forms poorly co‐ordinated muscle activity in the bladder outlet. Symptoms, signs, and urodynamic observations may be useful in diagnosing the presence and specific location of neurological impairment.ConclusionThe review provides a succinct summary of symptoms, signs, and urodynamic observations as set out in the ICS Standard on Adult NLUTD.
The fundamentals of chronic pelvic pain assessment, based on international continence society recommendations
Authors: Rana Neha , Drake Marcus J. , Rinko Rebecca , Dawson Melissa , Whitmore Kristene E. 
Published: August 2018

AimsChronic pelvic pain (CPP) is defined as a noncyclical pain that has duration of at least 6 months and can lead to decreased quality of life and physical performance. The pain can be attributed to problems in the pelvic organs and/or problems in related systems, and possible psycho‐social attributes may contribute to the manifestation. Due to the complex nature, CPP syndromes are multifactorial and the terminology needs to reflect the setting.MethodsThe current review is a synthesis of key aspects of the recent International Continence Society Standardization for Terminology in CPP Syndromes.ResultsNine domains can be used for a detailed description of CPP. They include four domains specific to the pelvic organs (lower urinary tract, female genital, male genital, gastrointestinal), two related to other sources of pain which may be perceived in the pelvis (musculoskeletal, neurological) and three which may influence the response to the pain or its impact on the individual (psychological, sexual, and comorbidities). For an individual patient with CPP, each domain should be reviewed in terms of symptoms and signs, noting that positive findings could reflect either a primary cause or a secondary consequence. The findings will guide further evaluations and subsequent treatment.ConclusionWe present a synthesis of the standard for terminology in CPP syndromes in women and men, which serves as a systematic framework to consider possible sources of pain (pelvic organs or other sources) and the individual responses and impact.
Crystalline Ru0.33Se Nanoparticles‐Decorated TiO2 Nanotube Arrays for Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Wang Kefeng , Chen Qi , Hu Yingyan , Wei Wei , Wang Songzhu , Shen Qi , Qu Peng 
Published: August 2018

AbstractNowadays, the state‐of‐the‐art electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are platinum group metals. Nonetheless, Pt‐based catalysts show decreased HER activity in alkaline media compared with that in acidic media due to the sluggish dissociation process of H2O on the surface of Pt. With a cost 1/25 that of Pt, Ru demonstrates a favorable dissociation kinetics of absorbed H2O. Herein, crystalline Ru0.33Se nanoparticles are decorated onto TiO2 nanotube arrays (TNAs) to fabricate Ru0.33Se @ TNA hybrid for HER. Owing to the large‐specific surface area, Ru0.33Se nanoparticles are freely distributed and the particle aggregation is eliminated, providing more active sites. The contracted electron transport pathway rendered by TiO2 nanotubes and the synergistic effect at the interface significantly improve the charge transfer efficiency in the hybrid catalyst. Compared with Ru0.33Se nanoparticles deposited directly on the Ti foil (Ru0.33Se/Ti) or carbon cloth (Ru0.33Se/CC), Ru0.33Se @ TNA shows an enhanced catalytic activity with an overpotential of 57 mV to afford a current density of 10 mA cm−2, a Tafel slope of 50.0 mV dec−1. Furthermore, the hybrid catalyst also exhibits an outstanding catalytic stability. The strategy here opens up a new synthetic avenue to the design of highly efficient hybrid electrocatalysts for hydrogen production.
In-band pumping avenue based high power superfluorescent fiber source with record power and near-diffraction-limited beam quality
Authors: Xu Jiangming , Ye Jun , Xiao Hu , Leng Jinyong , Liu Wei , Zhou Pu 
Published: August 2018

High power superfluorescent fiber sources (SFSs), which could find wide applications in many fields such as middle infrared laser generation, Raman fiber laser pumping and spectral beam combination, have experienced a flourishing time in recent years for its unique properties, such as short coherence length and high temporal stability. The challenge for performance scalability of powerful SFS mainly lies on the physical issues including parasitic laser oscillation and modal instability (MI). In this contribution, by employing in-band pumping avenue and high-order transverse-mode management, we explore a high power SFS with record power, near-diffraction-limited beam quality and spectral manipulation flexibility. An ultimate output power of 3.14 kW can be obtained with high temporal stability and a beam quality of $M^{2}=1.59$ for the amplified light. Furthermore, the dynamics of spectral evolutions, including red-shifting of central wavelength and unsymmetrical broadening in spectral wings, of the main amplifier with different seed linewidths are investigated contrastively. Benefiting from the unique high pump brightness and high MI threshold of in-band pumping scheme, the demonstrated system also manifests promising performance scaling potential.
Changes in Eocene plant diversity and composition of vegetation: the lacustrine archive of Messel (Germany)
Authors: Lenz Olaf K. , Wilde Volker 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBased on high-resolution palynological analysis of 680 samples from a core, short-term changes in plant diversity and floristic composition within the Paleogene greenhouse were detected in the lacustrine succession of a lower to middle Eocene maar lake at Messel (Federal State of Hesse, Germany). The microfloristic data show that taxonomic diversity increased rapidly within some decades during recolonization of a volcanically devastated area around the lake. With the establishment of a climax vegetation at the end of recolonization, the maximum in palynological diversity was reached within the crater area. During the following 640 Kyr the composition of the palynospectrum changed only gradually. However, different richness and evenness estimations show that alpha and gamma diversity decreased up to 35%, which can be related to the establishment of an equilibrium stage within the climax vegetation that led to the dominance of an assemblage of self-replacing species. Nevertheless, time-series analysis of alpha-diversity changes within the climax vegetation reveals that orbitally controlled climate change of Milankovitch and sub-Milankovitch order influenced the diversity of the vegetation, resulting in a rise of beta diversity. Based on the composition of the vegetation and comparison to modern analogues, our analysis proves that Eocene paratropical plant diversity increased during periods of slightly higher temperature and precipitation. Therefore, both composition and diversity of the vegetation was highly susceptible to minor-scale, short-term changes in climate, even during equable greenhouse conditions.
Assessment of milk quality based on bovine BAF60c gene mutation
Authors: Liao J. , Ku T. , Liu Y. F. , Zhao J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMonitoring milk quality traits and the classification of raw milk are important steps for generating high-quality dairy products. Given the important roles of the BRG1/BRM-associated factor 60c (BAF60c) gene in the regulation of physiological growth and production, the objective of the current study was to analyse the association between the BAF60c gene and milk quality and establish a gene-based method for pre-evaluating raw milk quality. For this purpose, DNA was isolated from 507 milk samples and genotyped using the polymerase chain reaction-restricted fragment length polymorphism method. Milk quality traits including milk protein percentage (MPP), milk fat percentage (MFP), lactose percentage (LP) and total solids content (TSC) were also evaluated from the same 507 milk samples. The newly found 6060 T > C mutation of the BAF60c gene was associated significantly with MPP and LP, but not with MFP and TSC. The results demonstrated that this mutation could be used for the pre-evaluation of MPP and LP; therefore, raw milk could be graded according to different genotypes.
Encounter rate, residency pattern and site fidelity of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) within the Istanbul Strait, Turkey
Authors: Akkaya Baş Aylin , Öztürk Bayram , Amaha Öztürk Ayaka 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe Istanbul Strait is an important cetacean habitat that is intensely used by humans. Yet little is known about their spatial-temporal distribution. To understand the encounter rates and residency patterns of bottlenose dolphins, photo-identification data were collected between 2011 and 2016 in the Istanbul Strait. The study showed that bottlenose dolphins are a regular, year-round component of the strait. The encounter rate was estimated to be four groups (22 individuals) per 10 km. The adjacent waters of Marmara Sea and Black Sea, that host relatively less marine traffic, had the highest number of encounters in the area. Conversely, the middle sections had the lowest number of encounters but the highest marine vessel density. Further, the encounter rates dropped to zero in the fishing zones, where the number of purse seines reached up to 100 per day. Additionally, dolphins showed varying degrees of residency patterns, with multi-year re-sightings. Maximum re-sighting distance was up to 35 km, which is more than the total length of the strait. This movement pattern should be investigated as it might reveal possible migration between local populations. This study finds that the Istanbul Strait serves as a critical habitat for the regional bottlenose dolphin populations and they are likely to be a part of a resident local population with a home range extending the length of the strait. Dedicated surveys with inter-regional collaborations are needed to evaluate the home range and population status of this endangered species for their effective conservation in one of the busiest waterways of the world.
Solidarity, stance, and class identities
Authors: Snell Julia 
Published: August 2018

AbstractScholars have explained working-class speakers’ continued use of stigmatised vernaculars as a response to their relative powerlessness in relation to the standard language market. Research has shown how, in the face of this powerlessness, working-class communities turn to group solidarity, and use of the vernacular is seen as part of this more general orientation. As a result, two competing social values—status and solidarity—have featured prominently in discussions around language and class. I expand these discussions using data from a linguistic ethnographic study of children's language in Teesside, England. I argue that meanings related to status and solidarity operate at multiple levels and cannot be taken for granted, and demonstrate that vernacular forms thatlackstatus within the dominant sociolinguistic economy may be used toassertstatus within local interactional use. I further advance discussion of the ways local vernaculars might be intimately linked to classed subjectivities. (Social class, variation, solidarity, status, stance, indexicality, identity, interaction, ethnography)*
Parametric dynamic analysis of walking within a cable-based gait trainer
Authors: Lamine Houssein , Romdhane Lotfi , Bennour Sami 
Published: August 2018

SUMMARYIn this paper, a parametric analysis of the inverse dynamics of an upright partially unloaded walking is performed. This motion is produced through a gait-training machine emulating the over-ground walking using a body weight support mechanism and a cable-driven robot. The input motion is the kinematics of a normal gait, and the ultimate output result is the required tensions to be generated by the cable robot in order to drive the lower limb. The dynamic analysis is carried out based on the Newton–Euler approach. A Matlab Simscape model is also built to validate the analytical results. The obtained dynamic model is used to investigate the effect of the variation of the gait simulation parameters on the actuation wrench and the cable tensions. The obtained results could be used to determine the optimal design of the gait trainer actuators and they are useful in estimating optimal gait training parameters.
‘There is Music in It, But It is Not Music’: A Reception History ofMusique Concrètein Britain
Authors: NIEBUR LOUIS 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe traditional narrative of the development ofmusique concrèteandelektronische Musiktells a story of esoteric, academic branches of musical modernism emerging out of Paris and Cologne in the 1950s. But this narrative clouds our understanding of the unique ways this music developed in Britain, largely filtered through the BBC, as a relatively populist, accessible iteration of Continental techniques. This article explores how British reactions to contemporary music and, in particular,musique concrèteandelektronische Musik, reflected on the one hand continued suspicion towards Continental music and on the other a deep insecurity about Britain's musical position in the world. The predominantly hostile attitude towards electronic music from within establishment musical cultures betray profound concerns about trends that were seen to exert a harmful influence on British musical society.
Can a shift in the purchase of local foods by Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) recipients impact the local economy?
Authors: Becot Florence A. , Sitaker Marilyn , Kolodinsky Jane M. , Morgan Emily H. , Wang Weiwei , Garner Jennifer , Ammerman Alice , Jilcott Pitts Stephanie , Seguin Rebecca A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn recent years, several initiatives have sought to encourage redemption of food assistance benefits at direct-to-consumer (DTC) market venues such as community supported agriculture programs and farmers’ markets in the USA, with the dual goal of increasing access to healthy foods for low-income families and sales of locally-grown foods for farmers. Proponents of these interventions assert that these programs have a positive impact on local economies yet there is limited evidence to validate this argument. This research project used a customized input-output model to simulate potential economic impacts of programs and policies that enable Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) recipients to shift purchases from traditional food retailers to DTC venues in four states. Two different scenarios were explored: (1) increased outreach to low-income consumers and (2) financial support for using SNAP benefits at DTC market channels. We found a positive, though modest, economic impact at the state level under both scenarios when accounting for (a) business losses in the food retail and wholesale sectors, (b) a shift in acreage from commodity to specialty crops and (c) the cost to taxpayers. Since most of the increased economic activity would be in the produce farming sector, we discuss the opportunities and challenges for this sector along with potential policy implications.
Protecting cultural property in Syria: New opportunities for States to enhance compliance with international law?
Authors: Mahnad Polina Levina 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe war in Syria has lasted for six years and has led to massive destruction and loss of life. Stymieing international peace efforts from the outset, there is increasing doubt that the conflict will reach a resolution or political settlement in the near future. This frustration has triggered an appetite among States, civil society and the international community for finite and concrete measures that can contribute to greater protection and compliance with international law. A recent constellation of events around the protection of cultural property appears to herald a shift in the response of the international community toward prescribing practical and actionable measures for third-party States. Drawing on the responsibility of third States “to respect and ensure respect for” international humanitarian law, this article examines the legal framework protecting cultural property and recent innovative protection responses that contribute to ensuring compliance with international law in Syria, short of military assistance and intervention.