bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex Differences in Ethanol Reward Seeking Under Conflict in Mice
Authors: Xie Qiaowei , Buck Lauren A. , Bryant Kathleen G. , Barker Jacqueline M. 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundAlcohol use disorders are characterized by inflexible alcohol seeking that occurs despite adverse consequences. Males and females are differentially sensitive to ethanol (EtOH) reward, but it is unclear whether sex differences in EtOH seeking under reward–aversion conflict are present.MethodsTo investigate sex differences in EtOH seeking under conflict, adult male and female C57BL/6J mice underwent chronic intermittent EtOH (CIE) exposure by vapor inhalation or served as air‐exposed controls. After CIE, mice were trained in a modified EtOH conditioned place preference paradigm. During 3 conditioning sessions, 2 g/kg EtOH was administered prior to confinement in the “EtOH‐paired” chamber. On alternating days, saline was injected prior to confinement in the “saline‐paired” chamber. After conditioning, mice experienced a footshock in the EtOH‐paired chamber. EtOH‐seeking behavior was assessed before and after footshock.ResultsControl and CIE‐exposed males reduced the time spent in and increased latency to enter the reward‐paired chamber following footshock. Control females did not alter EtOH‐seeking behavior following footshock. CIE‐exposed females spent more time in the EtOH‐paired chamber at baseline. However, following a footshock, CIE‐exposed females significantly reduced the time spent in and increased latency to enter the EtOH‐paired chamber.ConclusionsNondependent female mice exhibited aversion‐resistant alcohol seeking to a greater degree than males. Chronic EtOH exposure did not impact EtOH seeking in males. In females, CIE enhanced EtOH seeking in the absence of conflict, but reduced EtOH seeking after an aversive experience. While these sex‐specific effects of CIE are not present when reward seeking is assessed in the absence of an aversive experience, multiple factors may underlie the differences in reward seeking despite adverse consequences, including reward‐ and aversion‐related learning and decision making under conflict. These data highlight the importance of considering sex as a variable influencing EtOH seeking and provide a greater understanding of how sex interacts with EtOH exposure to alter behavior.
Reducing regional flow stasis and improving intraventricular hemodynamics with a tipless inflow cannula design: An in vitro flow visualization study using the EVAHEART LVAD
Authors: May‐Newman Karen , Montes Ricardo , Campos Josue , Marquez‐Maya Nikolas , Vu Vi , Zebrowski Erin , Motomura Tadashi , Benkowski Robert 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDue to the high stroke rate of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) patients, reduction of thrombus has emerged as an important target for LVAD support. Left ventricular blood flow patterns with areas of flow stasis and recirculation are associated with platelet aggregation, which is worsened by exposure to high shear stress. Previous reports of intraventricular thrombus in LVAD patients have identified the outside of the LVAD inflow cannula as a nidus for LV thrombus formation. Previous studies of LVAD inflow cannula design have shown a region of low blood velocity and pulsatility at the apex, adjacent to the cannula. One unresolved question is whether the standard practice of inserting the LVAD inflow cannula several mm into the LV could be revised to reduce thrombus formation. To address this, a “tipless” inflow cannula was designed for the EVAHEART LVAS, and assessed in a mock circulatory loop of the LVAD‐supported heart. Customized transparent silicone models of a dilated LV were connected to the EVAHEART LVAS at the apex with a clear polycarbonate inflow cannula for flow visualization using particle image velocimetry (PIV). The “tipless” cannula was inserted flush with the endocardial border and did not protrude into the LV. This condition was compared to the standard cannula position with a 1‐cm insertion into the LV. The Pre‐LVAD condition corresponded to a severe heart failure patient (ejection fraction of 24%) with a dilated LV (180 mL). LVAD support was provided at speeds of 1.8 and 2.3 krpm. At the lower LVAD speed, 63% of the flow passed through the LVAD, with the remainder ejecting through the aortic valve. When LVAD speed was increased, nearly all flow (98%) left the LV through the LVAD. Both LVAD speed conditions produced a vortex ring similar to the Pre‐LVAD condition in diastole. However, the protruding inflow cannula interrupted the growth and restricted the movement of the vortex, and produced areas of low velocity and pulsatility adjacent to the cannula. The tipless cannula exhibited an uninterrupted pattern of the mitral jet toward the LV apex, which allowed the diastolic vortex to grow and aid in the washout of this region. In addition, the tipless cannula increased aortic valve flow, which reduces stasis in the left ventricular outflow tract. The EVAHEART LVAS tipless inflow cannula design improved regional velocity, pulsatility, and vortex formation compared to the standard protruding design, which all reduce the risk of thrombus formation. The clinical significance of the differences observed in the flow field will be dependent on other factors such as the cannula material and surface characteristics, as well as the patients' coagulation status.
Predicting respiratory distress syndrome at birth using a fast test based on spectroscopy of gastric aspirates: 2. Clinical part
Authors: Heiring Christian , Verder Henrik , Schousboe Peter , Jessen Torben E. , Bender Lars , Ebbesen Finn , Dahl Marianne , Eschen Christian , Fenger‐Grøn Jesper , Höskuldsson Agnar , Matthews Morgaine , Reinholdt Jes , Scoutaris Nikolaos , Smedegaard Heidi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimTo evaluate the accuracy of our new rapid point‐of‐care (POC) test for lung maturity. The method as we describe in an accompanying article was developed with the purpose of improving the outcome from respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). The test enables the delivery of surfactant in infants with immature lungs already at birth and ensures that infants with mature lungs are not treated unnecessarily.MethodsFresh gastric aspirate (GAS) was sampled at birth in a cohort of preterm infants with gestational ages ranging between 24 and 31 completed weeks for lung surfactant measurement as lecithin–sphingomyelin ratio (L/S). L/S was prospectively compared with RDS development. The clinical outcome was blinded for the investigators of L/S. The time for analysis was <15 minutes.ResultsGAS was obtained from 72 infants. Forty‐four (61%) developed RDS. The cut‐off for L/S was 3.05; predicting RDS with a sensitivity of 91% and specificity of 79%.ConclusionThe new improved spectroscopic L/S method of lung maturity on GAS has high sensitivity. The method is designed for use as a POC test at birth, and a spectroscopic prototype has been developed for bedside use. Clinical trials with this new lung maturity test are planned.
The Production of a Cause for Activism in Argentina: Labor Organization in Call Centers
Authors: Wolanski Sandra 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis paper focuses on activist labor organizing in call centers in Argentina. Following a strong tradition in anthropology that has debated the nature of resistance, it discusses previous explanations for labor organizing in call centers, critiquing the common assumption that labor conditions, work processes, and the relations that take place on the shop floor constitute the seed from which forms of resistance, protest, or activism progressively emerge. Instead, this paper describes the relations, practices, and tensions through which multiple actors came together to turn call center working conditions into a cause for political action in Argentina and the collaborations that made that process possible. Based on fieldwork with call center activists between 2012 and 2013, this paper reconstructs the forms of collective organization that established the problem of poor working conditions in call centers as a cause for political action.
Examination of students' acceptance of and intention to use learning management systems using extended TAM
Authors: Eraslan Yalcin Muyesser , Kutlu Birgul 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study is to examine students’ acceptance of and intention to use Learning Management Systems (LMSs) for university education in Turkey using extended Technology Acceptance Model (e‐TAM). TAM has been widely used in various fields of technology acceptance in the last years and is found to be highly useful for the determination of the factors influencing the intention to use and adopt e‐learning platforms at universities. However, studies in this field have not converged around a uniform version of TAM. Almost all studies used different factors, samples or technologies to study behavioral intention. In this study, the most commonly used factors are compiled in one model. Results show that intention to use a LMS is affected from perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and social norm. At the same time, perceived usefulness is affected from perceived ease of use, social norm and user interface design and perceived ease of use is affected from user interface design and computer self‐efficacy.
Practitioners NotesWhat is already known about this topic

E‐TAM is successfully applied to various e‐learning platforms (such as Moodle, Blackboard, IWiLL web‐based learning system, gadgets and etc.) to examine students’ acceptance and intention to use.
According to the literature, the external variables are various, and social norm, user interface design and computer self‐efficacy are most commonly used or suggested factors.
What this paper adds

In this study, most common factors, which were not used altogether in one framework in other studies, are used to discover the behavioral intention to use a learning management System (LMS).
The model is applied to two different sample groups by taking into consideration adoption issues.
The proposed model of this study is analyzed by SEM technique to confirm the path and to find the best model fitting values.
Implications for practice and/or policy

Using this model the learning environment will improve and it will attract students more that will increase their intention to use LMS.
This study would help universities to increase LMS usage by considering social norms, user interface design and computer self‐efficacy.
Is a “Christian America” a More Patriarchal America? Religion, Politics, and Traditionalist Gender Ideology
Authors: Whitehead Andrew L. , Perry Samuel L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRecent research shows that Americans who adhere to Christian nationalism—an ideology that idealizes and advocates a fusion of Christianity and American civic life—tend to hold authoritarian and exclusionary attitudes, particularly regarding ethno‐racial minorities and nontraditional family forms. Such findings suggest a fundamental connection between Christian nationalism and rigid symbolic boundaries, which would likely extend to Americans’ understanding of gender roles. Drawing on notions connecting religious nationalism with defenses of patriarchal norms and utilizing a recent national, random sample of American adults, the current study examines the link between contemporary Christian nationalism and traditionalist gender ideologies. Our analyses reveal that Christian nationalism is the strongest predictor of holding a more traditionalist gender ideology, even after taking into account a host of political and religious characteristics. Moreover, the relationship between Christian nationalism and gender traditionalism holds across religious traditions, including more gender‐egalitarian groups like Mainline Protestants and even the unaffiliated. We conclude by highlighting the implications of these findings for understanding contemporary populist support for Donald Trump, which previous studies have shown is undergirded by both Christian nationalism and sexism.
Canadian Fossil Capitalism, Corporate Strategy, and Post‐Carbon Futures
Authors: Graham Nicolas 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis study investigates the relationship between the carbon extractive sector in Canada and renewable energy development. Specifically, it examines the strategies employed by Canadian carbon‐capital firms to shape and control alternative energy and considers if we are witnessing signs of “transition capture” as some oil, gas, and coal firms invest in a gradual shift toward “climate capitalism.” I investigate first, investments by large Canada‐based fossil fuel companies in renewable energy and second, interlocking directorate relations between the fossil fuel sector and the renewables industry. Findings suggest the possibility of a long‐term strategic orientation toward a climate capitalist model of development by some carbon‐capital firms; however, this alignment remains highly tentative, with evidence pointing to an industry that is largely without plans for energy transition.
Investigating the participation of children on the autism spectrum across home, school, and community: A longitudinal study
Authors: Simpson Kate , Adams Dawn , Bruck Susan , Keen Deb 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe World Health Organization recognizes that meaningful participation in one's community empowers individuals. Children and adolescents on the autism spectrum consistently report lower participation than their typical peers in activities, and this appears to continue into adulthood. The aim of this study was to investigate the participation of children on the autism spectrum over a 3‐year period across home, school, and community.MethodCaregivers of 84 participants aged 9–10 years at Year 1 completed the Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth (PEM‐CY) at three annual data collection points. The PEM‐CY is a 25‐question measure of the child's level of involvement in home, school, and community activities. Distribution frequencies were calculated for each time point.ResultsAlthough participation in the majority of items across home, school, and community remained stable, the longitudinal data suggest that children change the types of socializing activities across time. Over the 3 years, there was a decline in physical activity (both organized and unstructured) and in participation in school activities.ConclusionThis decline in participation as children move into adolescence is concerning. Further, reduced participation at this phase of development may potentially limit future participation opportunities throughout adolescence and into adulthood. Further exploration of the participation trajectories of children on the autism spectrum is needed.
Exploring the international uptake of the “F‐words in childhood disability”: A citation analysis
Authors: Soper Alice Kelen , Cross Andrea , Rosenbaum Peter , Gorter Jan Willem 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe “F‐words in childhood disability” (function, family, fitness, fun, friends, and future) were introduced in a concept paper in 2012 entitled, “The F‐words in childhood disability: I swear this is how we should think!”. The “F‐words” are grounded in, and aim to operationalize, the World Health Organization's (World Health Organization, 2001) International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework. A citation analysis was conducted to explore the extent of research uptake of the “F‐words” concepts.MethodsThree databases—Google Scholar, Wiley Online, and Web of Science—were searched from July 2012 to December 2018 for sources that cited the original F‐words paper. Dates of publication and countries of first authors were extracted from all cited articles, and a taxonomy was developed to categorize the type of usage.ResultsThe search yielded 157 sources from 26 countries, and the number of citations has continued to increase since the paper's publication. Sources were placed into three categories: cited/referenced (n = 109; i.e., the paper was simply cited), integrated/informed (n = 36; i.e., the F‐words were stated within the text), and non‐English (n = 12). Of the 36 integrated/informed sources, 34 (94.4%) applied the F‐words to the ICF framework and five themes emerged with respect to the use of the F‐words: (a) support of a holistic approach to childhood disability, (b) association of the F‐words to physical activity and rehabilitation, (c) application and measurement of quality of life, (d) F‐words research team‐related papers, and (e) “other” category.ConclusionThis citation analysis shows that the F‐words are mainly being used to operationalize the ICF, support a holistic approach to childhood disability, and inform physical activity and rehabilitation‐based interventions. These perspectives will play an important role in informing the next steps with respect to moving the F‐words into research and practice.
Perceived triggers of asthma impair quality of life in children with asthma
Authors: Kansen Hannah M. , Le Thuy‐My , Meijer Yolanda , Uiterwaal Cuno S. P. M. , Knulst André C. , van der Ent Cornelis K. , van Erp Francine C. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundData on the impact of the number and nature of perceived asthma triggers on health‐related quality of life (HRQL) in children are scarce.ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of perceived asthma triggers on both asthma‐specific and generic HRQL in children.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted among children (7‐18 years) with asthma in secondary and tertiary care. Children were screened with electronic questionnaires regarding respiratory and allergic symptoms. Asthma‐specific HRQL was assessed using the Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ) (score range 1‐7) and generic HRQL using the RAND questionnaire (score range 7‐32). The Kruskal‐Wallis test and one‐way ANOVA were used to test the difference of, respectively, the PAQLQ and RAND scores across the number of perceived asthma triggers (0, 1‐2, 3‐4, or ≥ 5). Univariable and multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between individual triggers and HRQL.ResultsA total of 527 children with a mean (SD) age of 12.1 (2.9) years were included. Children with a higher number of perceived triggers had significantly lower PAQLQ and RAND scores (ie poorer HRQL). The difference in PAQLQ scores was clinically relevant between children with 0 versus 3‐4 or ≥ 5 triggers and 1‐2 versus ≥ 5 triggers (mean difference 0.66, 1.02 and 0.63, respectively). Especially, non‐allergic triggers (physical exercise, the weather, (cigarette) smoke and emotions) were significantly associated with reduced PAQLQ scores. Emotions and food/drinks were associated with reduced RAND scores.Conclusion and Clinical RelevanceA higher number of perceived triggers of asthma were associated with reduced HRQL in children with asthma. Especially, non‐allergic triggers were associated with reduced HRQL.
Real‐world assessment of topical glaucoma medication persistence rates based on national pharmaceutical claim data in a defined population
Authors: Zhu Zhuoting , Jiang Yu , Wang Wei , Scheetz Jane , Shang Xianwen , Zhang Lei , He Mingguang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractImportanceThe rate and determinants of persistence to topical glaucoma medications are important for identifying patients at high risk of discontinuing medications and designing targeted approaches to improve persistence.BackgroundTo evaluate the rate and determinants of persistence to topical glaucoma medications among middle‐aged and older Australian adults.DesignPopulation‐based cohort study.ParticipantsParticipants in need of persistent topical glaucoma medications in the 45 and Up Study.MethodsThe 45 and Up Study is a large‐scale population‐based cohort study. Participants were classified as needing persistent topical glaucoma medications if at least three claims with related prescriptions were recorded. Persistence was defined as topical glaucoma medications were filled within 90 days.Main Outcome MeasuresThe rates and determinants of medication persistence at 2‐year follow‐up.ResultsA total of 12 899 patients requiring persistent topical glaucoma medications were identified. Among them, 9019 (69.9%) had persisted with their glaucoma medications for at least 2 years. Multiple logistic regression analysis documented significant effects of patient‐related factors (gender, socioeconomic status, language spoken at home, lifestyle and comorbidities) and drug‐related factors (total number and drug class) on the persistence rate. Those most at risk groups of non‐persistence were those patients living in remote areas (odds ratio, OR: 0.59, 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.37‐0.92), having family income over 70 000 AUD/year (OR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.45‐0.62), speaking other languages at home (OR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.53‐0.68), and using cholinergic classes of medications (OR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.38‐0.79).Conclusions and RelevanceOur data has shown a medium level of persistence to topical glaucoma medication among middle‐aged and older Australian adults. However, efforts are still needed to improve the rate of persistence.
Choroidal thickness in thyroid‐associated orbitopathy
Authors: Lai Frank H. P. , Iao Tiara W. U. , Ng Danny S. C. , Young Alvin L. , Leung Joy , Au Alvin , Ko Simon T. C. , Chong Kelvin K. L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractImportanceTo investigate the choroidal thickness (CT) in patients with thyroid‐associated orbitopathy (TAO).BackgroundTo compare CT of TAO patients and healthy subjects.DesignProspective cross‐sectional study in a public hospital.ParticipantsOne hundred and four eyes of 52 TAO patients and 52 eyes of 26 healthy subjects.MethodsCT was measured with enhanced‐depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI‐OCT) at the subfoveal, macular and peripapillary regions. Multivariate linear regression was used to evaluate the associations of subfoveal CT with systemic and ocular variables among TAO eyes.Main Outcome MeasuresCT of both groups.ResultsCT of eyes with TAO was significantly increased at the subfoveal region, 1 and 2 mm from the fovea nasally, temporally and superiorly, and 1 mm inferior to the fovea (all P < .05). No significant difference was found in CT at 2 mm inferior to the fovea (P = .094) and all four quadrants of the peripapillary region (superior, P = .096; nasal, P = .732; inferior, P = .179; temporal, P = .052). Among TAO eyes, thinner subfoveal choroid was associated with worsening exophthalmos (P = .043), poorer visual acuity (P = .017), increasing age (P = .040) and axial length (P < .001). There was no association between CT and clinical activity score (P = .239).Conclusions and RelevanceTAO patients showed thicker choroid than controls over the macula, but not the peripapillary regions. Thinner subfoveal choroid was associated with worsening exophthalmos and poorer vision. EDI‐OCT can monitor choroidal vascular changes associated with TAO and its complications.