bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Signaling Cross-Talk between MHC Class II Molecular Conformers in Resting Murine B Cells
Authors: Drake James R 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
In addition to functioning as a ligand to engage TCRs and drive TCR signaling, MHC class II molecules are signaling molecules that generate a number of signals within APCs, such as B lymphocytes. Moreover, MHC class II signaling is critical for B cell activation and development of a robust humoral immune response. Murine class II molecules exist in two distinct conformational states, based primarily on the differential pairing of transmembrane domain GxxxG dimerization motifs (i.e., M1- and M2-paired class II). This laboratory has previously reported that the binding of a multimerized form of an anti–class II mAb that selectively recognizes M1-paired I-Ak class II drives intracellular calcium signaling in resting murine B cells and that this signaling is dependent on both src and Syk protein tyrosine kinase activity. In contrast, multimerized forms of two different anti–I-Ak mAbs that bind both M1- and M2-paired class II fail to elicit a response. In this report, a flow cytometry–based calcium flux assay is used to demonstrate that coligation of M1- and M2-paired I-Ak class II results in the active and selective inhibition of M1-paired I-Ak class II B cell calcium signaling by M2-paired class II molecules. Because M1- and M2-paired class II can be loaded with different sets of peptides derived from Ags acquired by distinct pathways of endocytosis, these findings suggest an MHC class II signaling–based mechanism by which CD4 T cells of differing specificities can either enhance or suppress B cell activation.
Pore network model of primary freeze drying
Authors: Vorhauer Nicole , Först P. , Schuchmann H. , Tsotsas E. 
Published: January 2019

The pore scale progression of the sublimation front during primary freeze drying depends on the local vapor transport and the local heat transfer as well. If the pore space is size distributed, vapor and heat transfer may spatially vary. Beyond that, the pore size distribution can substantially affect the physics of the transport mechanisms if they occur in a transitional regime. Exemplarily, if the critical mean free path is locally exceeded, the vapor transport regime passes from viscous flow to Knudsen diffusion. At the same time, the heat transfer is affected by the local ratio of pore space to the solid skeleton. The impact of the pore size distribution on the transitional vapor and heat transfer can be studied by pore scale models such as the pore network model. As a first approach, we present a pore network model with vapor transport in the transitional regime between Knudsen diffusion and viscous flow at constant temperature in the dry region. We demonstrate the impact of pore size distribution, temperature and pressure on the vapor transport regimes. Then we study on the example of a 2D square lattice, how the presence of micro and macro pores affects the macroscopic progression of the sublimation front. Keywords: pore size distribution; transitional vapor transport; pore network model; fractured sublimation front.
Capillary disconnect during drying in model porous media at different wettability
Authors: Rufai Ayorinde K , Crawshaw John P 
Published: January 2019

We carried out drying studies on a 2.5D micromodel based on a thin section of a carbonate rock to investigate the impact of wettability on the capillary disconnect, the moment when liquid films de-pin from the external evaporating surface. While this is coincident with the transition to low evaporation rate (diffusion limited) for deionized-water, our experiments show, the corner wetting films persisted after the transition to low evaporation rate for both water-wet and mixed-wet micromodels for brine, as solid salt continued to build up at the external evaporating surface. Fully oil wet micromodels showed a drying rate transition coincident with de-pinning. Keywords: Capillary; Liquid films; Micromodel; Wettability; Crystallization
Microencapsulation of pumpkin seed oil by spray dryer under various process conditions and determination of the optimal point by RSM
Authors: Geranpour Mansoureh , Emam-Djomeh Zahra , Asadi Gholamhassan 
Published: January 2019

The objective of this research was to microencapsulating the pumpkin seed oil (PSO) by the spray dryer and also investigating the effects of some process conditions on physicochemical properties of PSO microparticles. Inlet drying air temperature (140-180 ͦC), aspirator rate (55-75%), and peristaltic pump rate (5-15%) effects were studied. Moisture content (%W.b.), Microencapsulation Efficiency (MEE, %) and Peroxide value (POV, meq/kg sample) considered as model responses. Consequently, the ideal drying state for microencapsulation of PSO as a result of optimizing by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) determined with the aim of minimizing the Moisture content and POV and maximizing the MEE. Keywords: Microencapsulation; spray dryer; pumpkin seed oil; optimization; RSM.
Study and optimization of freeze-drying cycles of a model probiotic strain
Authors: Verlhac Pierre , Vessot-Crastes Séverine , Degobert Ghania , Cogné Claudia , Andrieu Julien , Beney Laurent , Gervais Patrick 
Published: January 2019

This work is based on the experimental study of the freeze-drying process to understand the impact of numerous factors on the survival rates of a model probiotic strain of Lactobacillus casei type. With the aim to find out if cell density in the matrix and survival rates are linked, we have studied the location of the cells after freeze drying inside a porous matrix composed of a lactose basis with a polymer, the polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in various amounts. The best survival rate were obtained at slow freezing rate for a formulation containing 5% (m/V) of lactose and 5% (m/V) of PVP. Keywords: Freeze-Drying; Freezing; Probiotics; L. Casei ATCC 393
The investigation of internal pressure development in convective drying of shrinking and non-shrinking materials using green and fired clay as an example
Authors: Adamska Anna , Pakowski Zdzislaw , Adamski Robert 
Published: January 2019

The aim of present research was to measure and analyze the dynamic changes of internal pressure in shrinking vs. non-shrinking materials during convective drying for the use as a possible process control method. Drying experiments were carried out on wet and fired clay at 50°C and 60°C. In addition, the shrinkage curve was investigated. Experimental measurements show the existence of 4 stages of the process. The comparison of the results for wet and fired clay shows differences in pressure trends. During drying the internal pressure changes from underpressure to overpressure at the level of 3÷5kPa, what correlates well with transition from the first to the second drying period. Keywords: ambient pressure drying; clay; shrinkage; pressure evolution
Drying the corn in a farm heat pump dryer with fluidized bed
Authors: Rudobashta Stanislav Pavlovich , Zueva Galina Albertovna , Dmitriev V.M. , Muravleva E.A. 
Published: January 2019

The possibility of using a heat pump as a part of on-farm drying plant is considered taking drying of corn grain as an example. The methodology for kinetic calculations of a drying plant with a batch fluidized bed for granular materials is developed. These calculations are based on the use of an analytical solution for the problem of mass conductivity and taking into account the time-related changes in drying agent parameters over the layer height. To determine the concentration dependence of the mass-conductivity coefficient, a zonal method has been used. Keywords: heat pump; dryer; kinetic calculation.
Evaluation of Izmir Tulum cheese pieces by drying with tray drier at different air flow rates and temperatures
Authors: Koca Nurcan , Kizilalp Gulsah , Polat Izel , Urgu Müge 
Published: January 2019

Izmir tulum cheese pieces were dried using a tray dryer at different air flow rates (1.0 and 1.8 m/s) and temperatures (45oC, 55oC and 65oC). The increase in temperature and air flow rate increased bulk and tapped bulk densityand decreased the water holding capacity. The lowest lightness and highest redness were obtained in samples dried at 65oC. The samples dried at 55°C and 1 m/s had the highest flavor and overall impression scores. As a result, a dried cheese product to benefit from left-over pieces obtained during packaging was developed, having advantages such as easy to transport, store and package.Keywords: Izmir Tulum cheese; tray dryer; physical, chemical and sensory properties.
Role of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in the differentiation of benign and malignant pulmonary lesions
Authors: Alnaghy Eman Abdelaziz , El-Nahas Mahmoud Ahmed , Sadek Ahmed Galal , Gwely Noureldin Noaman , Elrakhawy Mohamed Magdy 
Published: January 2019

PurposeTo evaluate the role of magnetic resonance (MRI) diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurement of solid and cystic pulmonary masses in differentiating benign from malignant lesions.Material and methodsThe study included 41 patients with pulmonary masses, who underwent conventional MRI and DWI (b value 0, 500, and 1000 s/mm²) examinations with 1.5-T MRI. The diffusion signal and the mean ADC values of the solid and cystic lesions were obtained. Statistical analyses were performed with the Mann-Whitney U test (z), Pearson’s chi-square test, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.ResultsThirty-three lesions were malignant, and eight lesions were benign. The malignant masses showed significantly higher signal intensity on DWI than benign masses (p = 0.006), and the mean ADC value of malignant solid lesions was significantly lower than that of benign lesions (p = 0.02). By ROC analysis, an ADC cut-off value of 1.4 × 10–3 mm<sup>2</sup>/s was considered the threshold value, and the sensitivity and specificity were 93.8% and 75%, respectively. There was no significant difference between the ADC value of the cystic parts inside the benign and the malignant lesions.ConclusionsDiffusion-weighted MRI and measurement of ADC value can significantly differentiate between solid benign and malignant pulmonary masses.
Prostate artery embolisation: an initial experience from an Indian perspective
Authors: Singhal Soumil , Sebastian Bibin , Madhurkar Rohit , Uthappa M C 
Published: January 2019

PurposeThe study aims to report our very early experience with prostate artery embolisation in patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) in an Indian setting.Material and methodsThis prospective study was approved by the Institutional Ethical Review Board, and informed consent was obtained from all the patients. Four patients with lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia underwent prostate embolisation. Embolisation was performed using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles. International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), quality of life (QOL) score, postvoid residual volume, and prostate volume was recorded in each patient for 12 months. No major complications were seen in any patient.ResultsFour patients with a mean age of 74.2 years underwent prostate artery embolisation. It was successful in all the cases. Bilateral embolisation was performed in three patients and unilateral approach in one patient. Clinical improvement was characterised by a mean prostate volume reduction of 22% and mean IPSS reduction of 30% at 12-month follow-up.ConclusionsThe initial experience with prostate embolisation has been very rewarding and is a great alternative treatment for BPH. It is a very safe and effective procedure and can be an ideal procedure from an Indian perspective.
4DVAR assimilation of GNSS zenith path delays and precipitable water into a numerical weather prediction model WRF
Authors: Rohm Witold , Guzikowski Jakub , Wilgan Karina , Kryza Maciej 
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The GNSS data assimilation is currently widely discussed
in the literature with respect to the various applications for meteorology
and numerical weather models. Data assimilation combines atmospheric
measurements with knowledge of atmospheric behavior as codified in computer
models. With this approach, the “best” estimate of current conditions
consistent with both information sources is produced. Some approaches also allow
assimilating the non-prognostic variables, including remote sensing
data from radar or GNSS (global navigation satellite system). These
techniques are named variational data assimilation schemes and are based on
a minimization of the cost function, which contains the differences between
the model state (background) and the observations. The variational
assimilation is the first choice for data assimilation in the weather forecast
centers, however, current research is consequently looking into use of an
iterative, filtering approach such as an extended Kalman filter (EKF). This paper shows the results of assimilation of the GNSS data into numerical
weather prediction (NWP) model WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting). The
WRF model offers two different variational approaches: 3DVAR and 4DVAR, both
available through the WRF data assimilation (WRFDA) package. The WRFDA
assimilation procedure was modified to correct for bias and observation
errors. We assimilated the zenith total delay (ZTD), precipitable water
(PW), radiosonde (RS) and surface synoptic observations (SYNOP) using a 4DVAR
assimilation scheme. Three experiments have been performed: (1) assimilation
of PW and ZTD for May and June 2013, (2) assimilation of PW alone; PW,
with RS and SYNOP; ZTD alone; and finally ZTD, with RS and SYNOP for 5–23 May 2013, and (3) assimilation of PW or ZTD during severe weather events in
June 2013. Once the initial conditions were established, the forecast was
run for 24 h. The major conclusion of this study is that for all analyzed cases, there are
two parameters significantly changed once GNSS data are assimilated in the
WRF model using GPSPW operator and these are moisture fields and rain. The
GNSS observations improves forecast in the first 24 h, with the strongest
impact starting from a 9 h lead time. The relative humidity forecast in a
vertical profile after assimilation of ZTD shows an over 20 % decrease of
mean error starting from 2.5 km upward. Assimilation of PW alone does not
bring such a spectacular improvement. However, combination of PW, SYNOP and
radiosonde improves distribution of humidity in the vertical profile by
maximum of 12 %. In the three analyzed severe weather cases PW always
improved the
rain forecast and ZTD always reduced the humidity field bias. Binary rain
analysis shows that GNSS parameters have significant impact on the rain forecast
in the class above 1 mm h−1.
A high-level cloud detection method utilizing the GOSAT TANSO-FTS water vapor saturated band
Authors: Eguchi Nawo , Yoshida Yukio 
Published: January 2019

Abstract. A detection method for high-level clouds, such as ice clouds, is
developed using the water vapor saturated channels of the solar reflected
spectrum observed by the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) Thermal
And Near-infrared Sensor for carbon Observation Fourier Transform
Spectrometer (TANSO-FTS). The clouds detected by this method are optically relatively
thin (0.01 or less) and located at high altitude. Approximately
85 % of the results from this method for clouds with cloud-top altitude
above 5 km agree with the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization
(CALIOP) cloud classification. GOSAT has been operating since April 2009 with
a 3-day repeat cycle for a pointwise geolocation pattern, providing a
spectral data record that exceeds 9 years. Cloud information derived from
GOSAT TANSO-FTS spectra could be powerful data for understanding the
variability in cirrus cloud on temporal scales from synoptic to interannual.
Tectono-thermal evolution of Oman's Mesozoic passive continental margin under the obducting Semail Ophiolite: a case study of Jebel Akhdar, Oman
Authors: Grobe Arne , von Hagke Christoph , Littke Ralf , Dunkl István , Wübbeler Franziska , Muchez Philippe , Urai Janos L. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract. We present a study of pressure and temperature evolution in the passive
continental margin under the Oman Ophiolite using numerical basin models
calibrated with thermal maturity data, fluid-inclusion thermometry, and
low-temperature thermochronometry and building on the results of recent work
on the tectonic evolution. Because the Oman mountains experienced only weak
post-obduction overprint, they offer a unique natural laboratory for this
study. Thermal maturity data from the Adam Foothills constrain burial in the basin
in front of the advancing nappes to at least 4 km. Peak temperature
evolution in the carbonate platform under the ophiolite depends on the
burial depth and only weakly on the temperature of the overriding nappes,
which have cooled during transport from the oceanic subduction zone to
emplacement. Fluid-inclusion thermometry yields pressure-corrected
homogenization temperatures of 225 to 266 ∘C for veins formed
during progressive burial, 296–364 ∘C for veins related to peak
burial, and 184 to 213 ∘C for veins associated with late-stage
strike-slip faulting. In contrast, the overlying Hawasina nappes have not
been heated above 130–170 ∘C, as witnessed by only partial
resetting of the zircon (U-Th)/He thermochronometer. In combination with independently determined temperatures from solid bitumen
reflectance, we infer that the fluid inclusions of peak-burial-related veins
formed at minimum pressures of 225–285 MPa. This implies that the rocks of
the future Jebel Akhdar Dome were buried under 8–10 km of ophiolite on top
of 2 km of sedimentary nappes, in agreement with thermal maturity data
from
solid bitumen reflectance and Raman spectroscopy. Rapid burial of the passive margin under the ophiolite results in
sub-lithostatic pore pressures, as indicated by veins formed in dilatant
fractures in the carbonates. We infer that overpressure is induced by rapid
burial under the ophiolite. Tilting of the carbonate platform in combination
with overpressure in the passive margin caused fluid migration towards the
south in front of the advancing nappes. Exhumation of the Jebel Akhdar, as indicated by our zircon (U-Th)/He data and
in agreement with existing work on the tectonic evolution, started as early
as the Late Cretaceous to early Cenozoic, linked with extension above a
major listric shear zone with top-to-NNE shear sense. In a second exhumation
phase the carbonate platform and obducted nappes of the Jebel Akhdar Dome
cooled together below ca. 170 ∘C between 50 and 40 Ma before the
final stage of anticline formation.
De opkomst van voedselbeleid: voorbij de tekentafel
Authors: Candel Jeroen 
Published: January 2019

The emergence of food policy: beyond the drawing board’
To address a range of interconnected food-related challenges, Dutch policymakers have invested in the development of integrated food policy in recent years. This article discusses this development in two parts. The first part contains a detailed description of the main events and lines of thinking that characterized the food policy process. From this description it becomes clear that food policy has been gradually developing towards a separate institutionalized policy domain. In the second part, this development is analysed from a policy integration perspective. This analysis shows that although considerable steps towards strengthened policy integration have been made, the Dutch ‘Food agenda’ does not yet proceed beyond symbolic levels. This particularly shows in the absence of concrete policy goals and in a policy instrument mix that has not been adjusted to strengthen consistency and effectiveness. In addition, the involvement of relevant ministries gradually decreased after the initial stages. The article concludes that the food policy process has arrived at a critical juncture: the next steps of the new government will prove decisive for whether food policy integration intentions will advance beyond the drawing board. Political and administrative leadership are identified as key conditions for such further steps to occur.
Wie zorgt er voor de samenleving?
Authors: Peeters Piet-Hein 
Published: January 2019

But who takes care of society?
The most relevant part of a discussion is not what is discussed but what cannot be spoken of. The real taboos are those for which it is taboo to call them taboos. The status quo defines itself as non-ideological while denouncing any challenge to itself as radical. Therefore the column ‘De Blinde Vlek’ frames the framers, politicizes the status quo and articulates what is not heard of.
Islamitische scholen en indoctrinatie
Authors: Merry Michael S. , Maussen Marcel 
Published: January 2019

Islamic schools and indoctrination
Islamic schools are often criticized for indoctrinating children, which would violate the goals of education in a democratic society. This article explores whether, as a matter of principle, parents could legitimately choose to send their child to a school where he or she will be indoctrinated, for example because they believe that at a religious schools the opportunities for a child to be stigmatized are smaller. Besides, the article investigates whether it is plausible that children in Islamic school in the Netherlands are indeed being indoctrinated.
De enige shariarechtbank in Europa
Authors: Berger Maurits S. 
Published: January 2019

The only Sharia court in Europe
When we consider a ‘court’ a judicial institution recognized by the state that renders judgment based on law recognized by the state, then the only ‘sharia courts’ to be found in Europe are located in the eastern province of Greece. Their jurisdiction is limited to Islamic family law, but a recent case before the European Court of Human Rights has rekindled the discussion on the scope of this jurisdiction, and opened the discussion on the desirability of such courts in a European country. This article presents an analysis of this discussion, based on literature study and fieldwork in the region.