bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Touch Force Profiles and Waveforms of Electrostatic Tactile Feedback on Touchscreen Pan Operation
Authors: Yan Xuezhi , Li Ruige , Sun Xiaoying , Liu Guohong 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Electrostatic tactile feedback has an important role in improving touchscreen operations and user experience. In this paper, panning performance under different forces and different waveforms were explored using subjective and objective experiments. The effects of electrostatic tactile feedback under one linear force and three non-linear force profiles with the fixed waveform were studied. The results indicated that panning accuracy, efficiency and user experience under exponential force was superior to those under linear, quadratic or logarithmic forces. Second, the effects of four different waveforms under exponential force were studied. Results indicated that panning performance was better with square wave, compared to those with sinusoidal, triangular or sawtooth waves. The relationship between panning time and index of panning difficulties was also explored and found to be in agreement with the Steering law and Meyer’s law, with correlations of 0.9395 and 0.9397, respectively. The results suggest ways for designing touchscreens with tactile feedback that is useful in both research and end-user communities.
Measuring extractive institutions: colonial trade and price gaps in French Africa
Authors: Tadei Federico 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Colonial extractive institutions are often blamed for current African underdevelopment. Yet, since colonial extraction is hard to quantify, the magnitude of this phenomenon remains unclear. In this paper, I use new archival data to estimate colonial extraction through trade, measured as the gap between prices that the monopsonistic French trading companies paid to African producers and prices that should have been paid in a counterfactual competitive market. The results show that African prices were only a small fraction of competitive prices, implying an annual loss of almost 2 percent of GDP during colonial rule.
Local discoveries and technological relatedness: the role of MNEs, imports and domestic capabilities
Authors: Lo Turco Alessia , Maggioni Daniela 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe explore the role of intra- and extra-regional product-specific capabilities in the introduction of local discoveries—products new to the firm and to its local market—by Turkish manufacturing firms. We find that product discoveries in a NUTS3 region are favoured by their technological proximity to the product mix of co-located foreign firms. Proximity to co-located domestic firms and local imports does not play any role. The high intensity of local discoveries in novel and exclusive capabilities which foreign affiliates bring into the local economy drives our findings. Finally, we show that the importance of knowledge spilling from foreign affiliates depends on their insidership in the local market, on their product-specific knowledge advantage and on local firms’ absorptive capacity.
Congress of Neurological Surgeons Systematic Review and Evidence-Based Guidelines on the Role of Prophylactic Anticonvulsants in the Treatment of Adults with Metastatic Brain Tumors
Authors: Chen Clark C , Rennert Robert C , Olson Jeffrey J 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

TARGET POPULATIONS
Adults with solid brain metastases who have not experienced a seizure.

QUESTION 1
Do prophylactic antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) decrease the risk of seizures in nonsurgical patients with brain metastases who are otherwise seizure-free?

RECOMMENDATION

Level 3: Prophylactic AEDs are not recommended for patients with brain metastases who did not undergo surgical resection and are otherwise seizure-free.

QUESTION 2
Do prophylactic AEDs decrease the risk of seizures in patients with brain metastases and no prior history of seizures in the postoperative setting?

RECOMMENDATION

Level 3: Routine postcraniotomy AED use for seizure-free patients with brain metastases is not recommended.
The full guideline can be found at: https://www.cns.org/guidelines/guidelines-treatment-adults-metastatic-brain-tumors/chapter_8.
Year 2 of Affordable Care Act Qualified Health Plans (QHPs) in a Medicaid Nonexpansion State: QHPs Associated With Viral Suppression for Virginia AIDS Drug Assistance Program Clients
Authors: McManus Kathleen A , Rhodes Anne , Yerkes Lauren , Engelhard Carolyn L , Ingersoll Karen S , Dillingham Rebecca 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
For year 1 of the Affordable Care Act (ACA), Virginia AIDS Drug Assistance Program (ADAP) clients with Qualified Health Plans (QHPs) achieved a higher rate of viral suppression. This study characterizes the demographic and health care delivery factors associated with QHP enrollment in year 2 and assesses the relationship between 2015 QHP coverage and HIV viral suppression.

Methods
The cohort included Virginia ADAP clients who were eligible for ADAP-funded QHPs. Data were collected from 2014 to 2015. Multivariable binary logistic regression was conducted to assess the association of demographic and health care delivery factors with QHP enrollment and viral suppression.

Results
In year 2, 63% of the cohort (n = 4631) enrolled in QHPs; 2015 ADAP-funded QHP enrollment was associated with 2014 ADAP-funded QHP (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 111.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 90.91–166.67), 2014 engagement in care (aOR, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.65–2.82), age (P &lt; .001), race/ethnicity (P = .03), financial status (P &lt; .001), and region (P &lt; .001). For clients engaged in care (n = 2501), viral suppression was higher (83.3%) for those with ADAP-funded QHP coverage than for those who received medications from ADAP (79.9%). In multivariable binary logistic regression, achieving viral suppression was associated with 2015 QHP coverage (aOR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.01–1.60), an initially undetectable viral load (aOR, 2.69; 95% CI, 2.13–3.39), gender (P = .03), age (P = .01), no AIDS diagnosis (aOR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.12–1.78), financial status (P = .004), and region (P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
Virginia ADAP client 2015 QHP enrollment increased compared with year 1 and varied based on demographic and health care delivery factors. QHP coverage was again associated with viral suppression, an essential outcome for individuals and for public health.
Multi-site Pain Is Associated with Long-term Patient-Reported Outcomes in Older Adults with Persistent Back Pain
Authors: Rundell Sean D , Patel Kushang V , Krook Melissa A , Heagerty Patrick J , Suri Pradeep , Friedly Janna L , Turner Judith A , Deyo Richard A , Bauer Zoya , Nerenz David R , Avins Andrew L , Nedeljkovic Srdjan S , Jarvik Jeffrey G 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of co-occurring pain sites among older adults with persistent back pain and associations of multisite pain with longitudinal outcomes.DesignSecondary analysis of a cohort study.SettingThree integrated health systems in the United States.SubjectsEight hundred ninety-nine older adults with persistent back pain.MethodsParticipants reported pain in the following sites: stomach, arms/legs/joints, headaches, neck, pelvis/groin, and widespread pain. Over 18 months, we measured back-related disability (Roland Morris, scored 0–24), pain intensity (11-point numerical rating scale), health-related quality of life (EuroQol-5D [EQ-5D], utility from 0–1), and falls in the past three weeks. We used mixed-effects models to test the association of number and type of pain sites with each outcome.ResultsNearly all (N = 839, 93%) respondents reported at least one additional pain site. There were 216 (24%) with one additional site and 623 (69%) with multiple additional sites. The most prevalent comorbid pain site was the arms/legs/joints (N = 801, 89.1%). Adjusted mixed-effects models showed that for every additional pain site, RMDQ worsened by 0.65 points (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.43 to 0.86), back pain intensity increased by 0.14 points (95% CI = 0.07 to 0.22), EQ-5D worsened by 0.012 points (95% CI = –0.018 to –0.006), and the odds of falling increased by 27% (odds ratio = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.12 to 1.43). Some specific pain sites (extremity pain, widespread pain, and pelvis/groin pain) were associated with greater long-term disability.ConclusionsMultisite pain is common among older adults with persistent back pain. Number of pain sites was associated with all outcomes; individual pain sites were less consistently associated with outcomes.
Network Analysis Reveals Which Negative Symptom Domains Are Most Central in Schizophrenia vs Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Strauss Gregory Paul , Esfahlani Farnaz Zamani , Kirkpatrick Brian , Allen Daniel N , Gold James M , Visser Katherine Frost , Sayama Hiroki 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Network analysis was used to examine how densely interconnected individual negative symptom domains are, whether some domains are more central than others, and whether sex influenced network structure. Participants included outpatients with schizophrenia (SZ; n = 201), a bipolar disorder (BD; n = 46) clinical comparison group, and healthy controls (CN; n = 27) who were rated on the Brief Negative Symptom Scale. The mutual information measure was used to construct negative symptom networks. Groups were compared on macroscopic network properties to evaluate overall network connectedness, and microscopic properties to determine which domains were most central. Macroscopic analyses indicated that patients with SZ had a less densely connected negative symptom network than BD or CN groups, and that males with SZ had less densely connected networks than females. Microscopic analyses indicated that alogia and avolition were most central in the SZ group, whereas anhedonia was most central in BD and CN groups. In addition, blunted affect, alogia, and asociality were most central in females with SZ, and alogia and avolition were most central in males with SZ. These findings suggest that negative symptoms may be highly treatment resistant in SZ because they are not very densely connected. Less densely connected networks may make treatments less likely to achieve global reductions in negative symptoms because individual domains function in isolation with little interaction. Sex differences in centralities suggest that the search for pathophysiological mechanisms and targeted treatment development should be focused on different sets of symptoms in males and females.
Phylogenomic Signatures of Ancient Introgression in a Rogue Lineage of Darters (Teleostei: Percidae)
Authors: MacGuigan Daniel J , Near Thomas J 
Published: October 2018

AbstractEvolutionary history is typically portrayed as a branching phylogenetic tree, yet not all evolution proceeds in a purely bifurcating manner. Introgressive hybridization is one process that results in reticulate evolution. Most known examples of genome-wide introgression occur among closely related species with relatively recent common ancestry; however, we present evidence for ancient hybridization and genome-wide introgression between major stem lineages of darters, a species-rich clade of North American freshwater fishes. Previous attempts to resolve the relationships of darters have been confounded by the uncertain phylogenetic resolution of the lineage Allohistium. In this study, we investigate the phylogenomics of darters, specifically the relationships of Allohistium, through analyses of approximately 30,000 RADseq loci sampled from 112 species. Our phylogenetic inferences are based on traditional approaches in combination with strategies that accommodate reticulate evolution. These analyses result in a novel phylogenetic hypothesis for darters that includes ancient introgression between Allohistium and other two major darter lineages, minimally occurring 20 million years ago. Darters offer a compelling case for the necessity of incorporating phylogenetic networks in reconstructing the evolutionary history of diversification in species-rich lineages. We anticipate that the growing wealth of genomic data for clades of non-model organisms will reveal more examples of ancient hybridization, eventually requiring a re-evaluation of how evolutionary history is visualized and utilized in macroevolutonary investigations.
Spontaneous Breathing in Early Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Insights From the Large Observational Study to UNderstand the Global Impact of Severe Acute Respiratory FailurE Study*
Authors: van Haren Frank , Pham Tài , Brochard Laurent , Bellani Giacomo , Laffey John , Dres Martin , Fan Eddy , Goligher Ewan C. , Heunks Leo , Lynch Joan , Wrigge Hermann , McAuley Danny 
Published: October 2018

Objectives:
To describe the characteristics and outcomes of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome with or without spontaneous breathing and to investigate whether the effects of spontaneous breathing on outcome depend on acute respiratory distress syndrome severity.

Design:
Planned secondary analysis of a prospective, observational, multicentre cohort study.

Setting:
International sample of 459 ICUs from 50 countries.

Patients:
Patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome and at least 2 days of invasive mechanical ventilation and available data for the mode of mechanical ventilation and respiratory rate for the 2 first days.

Interventions:
Analysis of patients with and without spontaneous breathing, defined by the mode of mechanical ventilation and by actual respiratory rate compared with set respiratory rate during the first 48 hours of mechanical ventilation.

Measurements and Main Results:
Spontaneous breathing was present in 67% of patients with mild acute respiratory distress syndrome, 58% of patients with moderate acute respiratory distress syndrome, and 46% of patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Patients with spontaneous breathing were older and had lower acute respiratory distress syndrome severity, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores, ICU and hospital mortality, and were less likely to be diagnosed with acute respiratory distress syndrome by clinicians. In adjusted analysis, spontaneous breathing during the first 2 days was not associated with an effect on ICU or hospital mortality (33% vs 37%; odds ratio, 1.18 [0.92–1.51]; p = 0.19 and 37% vs 41%; odds ratio, 1.18 [0.93–1.50]; p = 0.196, respectively ). Spontaneous breathing was associated with increased ventilator-free days (13 [0–22] vs 8 [0–20]; p = 0.014) and shorter duration of ICU stay (11 [6–20] vs 12 [7–22]; p = 0.04).

Conclusions:
Spontaneous breathing is common in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome during the first 48 hours of mechanical ventilation. Spontaneous breathing is not associated with worse outcomes and may hasten liberation from the ventilator and from ICU. Although these results support the use of spontaneous breathing in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome independent of acute respiratory distress syndrome severity, the use of controlled ventilation indicates a bias toward use in patients with higher disease severity. In addition, because the lack of reliable data on inspiratory effort in our study, prospective studies incorporating the magnitude of inspiratory effort and adjusting for all potential severity confounders are required.
Esophageal Doppler Can Predict Fluid Responsiveness Through End-Expiratory and End-Inspiratory Occlusion Tests
Authors: Dépret François , Jozwiak Mathieu , Teboul Jean-Louis , Alphonsine Jean-Emmanuel , Richard Christian , Monnet Xavier 
Published: October 2018

Objectives:
To assess whether, in patients under mechanical ventilation, fluid responsiveness is predicted by the effects of short respiratory holds on cardiac index estimated by esophageal Doppler.

Design:
Prospective, monocentric study.

Setting:
Medical ICU.

Patients:
Twenty-eight adult patients with acute circulatory failure and a decision of the clinicians in charge to administer fluids.

Interventions:
Before and after infusing 500 mL of saline, we measured cardiac index estimated by esophageal Doppler before and during the last 5 seconds of successive 15-second end-inspiratory occlusion and end-expiratory occlusion, separated by 1 minute. Patients in whom volume expansion increased cardiac index measured by transpulmonary thermodilution greater than or equal to 15% were defined as “fluid responders.” Cardiac index measured by the Pulse Contour Cardiac Output device (from pulse contour analysis or transpulmonary thermodilution) was used as the reference.

Measurements and Main Results:
End-expiratory occlusion increased cardiac index estimated by esophageal Doppler more in responders than in nonresponders (8% ± 2% vs 3% ± 1%, respectively; p < 0.0001) and end-inspiratory occlusion decreased cardiac index estimated by esophageal Doppler more in responders than in nonresponders (–8% ± 5% vs –4% ± 2%, respectively; p = 0.0002). Fluid responsiveness was predicted by the end-expiratory occlusion induced percent change in cardiac index estimated by esophageal Doppler with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 1.00 (95% CI, 0.88–1.00) and a threshold value of 4% increase in cardiac index estimated by esophageal Doppler. It was predicted by the sum of absolute values of percent changes in cardiac index estimated by esophageal Doppler during both occlusions with a similar area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.99 [0.86–1.00]) and with a threshold of 9% change in cardiac index estimated by esophageal Doppler, which is compatible with the esophageal Doppler precision.

Conclusions:
If the absolute sum of the percent change in cardiac index estimated by esophageal Doppler induced by two successive end-inspiratory occlusion and end-expiratory occlusion maneuvers is greater than 9%, it is likely that a 500 mL fluid infusion will increase cardiac output. This diagnostic threshold is higher than if only end-expiratory occlusion induced percent changes in cardiac index estimated by esophageal Doppler are taken into account.
A reason to renovate: The association between hospital age of plant and value-based purchasing performance
Authors: Beauvais Brad , Richter Jason P. , Kim Forest S. , Palmer Erin L. , Spear Bryan L. , Turner Robert C. 
Published: October 2018

Background/Purpose
Value-based purchasing (VBP) is increasing in influence in the health care industry; however, questions remain regarding the structural factors associated with improved performance. This study evaluates the association between age of hospital infrastructure and VBP outcomes.

Methodology
Data on 1,911 hospitals from three sources (the American Hospital Association Annual Survey Database, the American Hospital Association DataViewer Financial Module, and the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Hospital VBP Total Performance Scores data set) were evaluated. Age of health care facilities was represented by the “average age of plant” financial ratio. VBP performance was measured by an aggregate Total Performance Score composed of four equally weighted domains, including Efficiency and Cost Reduction, Clinical Care, Patient- and Caregiver-Centered Experience, and Patient Safety. We hypothesize that average age of plant is negatively correlated with each of these measures.

Results
Hospitals within the lowest quartile of average age of plant (0–8.13 years) were found to have a total Performance Score of 2.35 points higher than hospitals with a an average age of plant in the fourth quartile (14.63 years and above; R
2 = 21.5%; p < .001) while controlling for hospital ownership, size, teaching status, geographic location, service mix, case mix, length of stay, community served, and labor force relative cost. Comparable results were found within the VBP domains, specifically for Clinical Care (β = 4.09, p < .001) and Patient Experience (β = 3.41, p < .001). Findings for the Patient Safety and Efficiency domains were not significant. A secondary and more granular examination of capitalized assets indicates organizations with higher building asset accumulated depreciation per bed in service were associated with lower total performance (β = −.25, p < .001), Clinical Care (β = −.31, p < .05), and Patient Experience scores (β = −.45, p < .001).

Conclusions
The results of this study provide evidence of an inverse association between a hospital’s age of plant and specific elements of VBP performance.

Practice Implications
To date, no studies have investigated the relationship between hospital age of plant and value-based care. The results of our study may serve as supportive foundational evidence for health care leaders to target future capital investments to improve VBP outcomes.
INCREASED SYSTEMIC HEPARANASE IN RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION IS ASSOCIATED WITH ACTIVATION OF INFLAMMATION AND THROMBOPHILIA
Authors: Hu Yijun , Yu Yang , Bu Zhanyun , Cun Biyun , Gong Yi , Li Dongli , Li Jianhua , Lu Li , Li Guodong , Yuan Ling 
Published: October 2018

Purpose:
To investigate the levels of systemic heparanase, inflammatory markers, and coagulation factor activities in patients with retinal vein occlusion (RVO).

Methods:
This prospective study included 18 patients with central RVO, 22 patients with branch RVO, and 40 patients with age-related cataract as the control group. Serum heparanase protein levels and activities were measured by ELISA and a heparan degrading enzyme assay kit, respectively. Serum levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, TLR-2, and TLR-4 were measured by ELISA kits. The activities of coagulation factors (V, VII, VIII, and IX) were determined with an autoanalyzer. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare the above parameters between patients with RVO and control subjects. The relationship between two of the above parameters was analyzed by Spearman's correlation.

Results:
Patients with RVO had higher levels of systemic heparanase protein, heparanase activities, coagulation factors' (V, VIII, and IX) activities, MMP-2, MMP-9, TLR-2, and TLR-4 compared with the control group. Systemic heparanase levels were correlated with serum levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, TLR-2, TLR-4, and activities of coagulation factors VIII and IX.

Conclusion:
Increase of systemic heparanase in RVO is associated with activation of systemic inflammation and blood hypercoagulability.