bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric tracheostomy: indications and outcomes from Indian tertiary care centre
Authors: Mishra Prasun , Sharma Shallu , Otiv Madhumati , Kapadia Melani 
Published: April 2019

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Pediatric tracheostomy has always been more challenging due to varoius factors. The present study was carried out to assess various indications, complications and outcomes of pediatric tracheostomy.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> It was a prospective observational study in a tertiary care teaching hospital conducted over four years. Observations were recorded in form of indication, any surgical challenge, complications and postoperative follow up. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Total 29 tracheostomies done in patients less than 12 years were included in the study. Majority of cases were infants (86%). Majority of patients were tracheostomised for lower respiratory infective cause who required prolonged ventilatory support (35%) followed by neurological cause (31%), obstructive cause (24%) and head injury (10%). Two most common complications were tube blockage (10%) and peristomal granulations (10%) which were suitably addressed. There has been no tracheostomy related mortality in the present study. All the patients who were considered for decannulation underwent check endoscopy. Out of 29 patients, 6 patients were lost in follow up. Out of the remaining, decannulation was successful in 16 patients (76%).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Pediatric tracheostomies with better care facilities and trained team, there are fewer complications and higher rates of decannulation. The average age of children undergoing tracheostomy has come down. There is changing trends in the indications of tracheostomies from infective causes to causes requiring prolonged ventilation. The complication rates have declined with proper decannulation protocol.</p>
Clinical and histopathological study of postinflammatory hypopigmented macular skin lesions
Authors: Hogade Ashok S. , Sri Hari Reddy N. 
Published: April 2019

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The objective of the study was to study the various etiologies and ascertain different clinicalpresentations of post-inflammatory hypopigmented lesions. Age and sex distribution, socio economic status, seasonal incidence, most common to rare variants amongst all conditions and to correlate them histopathologically.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 100 patients presenting with Post-inflammatory hypopigmented lesions were selected and detailed history and examination was done. Lab investigations and histopathology was done in those cases.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Among the various causes of post-inflammatory hypopigmentation, commonly observed conditions were Pityriasis versicolor, mechanical injuries, Pityriasis alba, burns, leprosy, allergic contact dermatitis, morphoea, discoid lupus erythematosus, psoriasis and Steven’s Johnson syndrome. Most common age group affected was in 21-30 years of age. Males (60%) were more than females (40%). People of lower socioeconomic status (55%) presented with post-inflammatory hypo pigmented lesions commonly. History of hypopigmentation ranged from 0-6 months in majority of cases. Upper limbs, trunk and face and neck regions were the most common sites involved. Commonest etiology amongst all cases was pityriasisversicolor, followed by mechanical injuries, PityriasisAlba and burns. Clinical diagnosis correlated with histopathology in these cases.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The study concluded that post-inflammatory hypopigmented lesions presented with various manifestations, more common in young, male adults, common in people of lower socioeconomic group. Upper limbs, trunk and face and neck are the common sites involved and histopathology correlated with clinical diagnosis in many cases.</p><p> </p>
Organizing Professional and Pedagogical Training to Improve English Teachers’ Skills: A Literature Review
Authors: SULISTIYO URIP , HASWINDY SEPTU 
Published: April 2019

This literature review study aims to address the current issues on English Teachers’ problems in their efforts to develop their professional and pedagogical competence, in Jambi Province, Indonesia. The critical review of relevant studies on the field of professional and pedagogical competence of EFL teachers reveals that there are several topics related to the competences and skills that teachers should have to better improve their teaching practice. In this review, the researchers present what literatures suggested and recommended in the area of teachers’ professional and pedagogical competence and possible training that stakeholders might hold to improve the quality of teachers teaching English both in junior and senior high schools in Indonesia. The relevant articles being reviewed were from Indonesian context as well as International context. This study hopefully can contribute to the betterment of teaching practice of English in Indonesian schools. The following topics are presented in order; teacher’s professional competence, teachers’ pedagogical competence. The domains and dimensions of English teachers’ competence, teachers’ training, and conclusion and suggestions.
Topolojik R-Modül Grupoid Örtüleri
Authors: Alemdar Nazmiye 
Published: April 2019

Bu makalede ilk olarak bir topolojik R-modül grupoid, topolojik R-modüllerin kategorisinde
bir grupoid obje olarak tanımlandı. Daha sonra , birim elemanı olan birimli bir diskre topolojik halka ve topolojik uzayı
evrensel örtüye sahip olan bir topolojik -modül
olmak üzere temel grupoidinin bir
topolojik -modül
grupoid olduğu gösterildi. Son olarak da
objeleri için N ve birer evrensel örtüye sahip olacak şekilde ModCov/N kategorisinin bir dolu alt
kategorisi UModCov/N ve objeleri için de N ve birer evrensel örtüye
sahip olacak şekilde
GdMCov/ kategorisinin bir dolu alt kategorisi olan GdMCov/ tanımlanıp, ve kategorilerinin denk kategoriler
olduğu ispatlanmıştır.
Pemetaan dan Pengembangan Agribisnis Komoditas Unggulan Sayuran di Kabupaten Karanganyar
Authors: Harinta Yos Wahyu , Basuki Joko Setyo , Sukaryani Sri 
Published: April 2019

<p><em>Demi membangun Kawasan Strategis Ekonomi, suatu wilayah perlu untuk mengetahui potensi komoditas yang dimiliki dan layak untuk dikembangkan. Potensi tersebut bisa karena potensi alam ataupun karena sektor tersebut memiliki keunggulan komparatif. Sehingga dengan modal yang sama, dapat berproduksi dalam waktu yang relatif singkat dan volume sumbangan untuk perekonomian daerah juga besar. Pertanian masih menjadi sektor unggulan di Kabupaten Karanganyar karena selalu masuk dalam posisi kedua sebagai penyumbang PDRB daerah. </em><em>Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui komoditas unggulan sayuran di Kabupaten Karanganyar</em><em>. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah </em><em>analisis Location Quetient (LQ) yang didapatkan dari sumber data sekunder yaitu data produksi sayuran di Kabupaten Karanganyar yang berupa data series lima tahun terakhir dan didapatkan dari Dinas Pertanian, Tanaman Pangan, Perkebunan dan Kehutanan Kabupaten Karanganyar (dan didukung oleh data dari BPS Kabupaten Karanganyar)</em><em>. Hasil penelitian ini adalah komoditas sayuran yang dapat dijadikan unggulan dan layak dikembangkan potensinya di Kabupaten Karanganyar ditunjukkan dengan nilai Location Quotient (LQ) lebih dari 1. Hal ini berarti bahwa komoditas tersebut menjadi basis atau menjadi sumber pertumbuhan. Komoditas memiliki keunggulan komparatif yang hasilnya tidak saja dapat memenuhi kebutuhan di wilayah yang bersangkutan namun juga dapat diekspor ke luar wilayah. Komoditas yang mendapatkan nilai LQ tertinggi dan mempunyai sebaran wilayah terbanyak adalah komoditas cabai yaitu di tujuh kecamatan (Kecamatan Jumapolo, Jumantono, Matesih, Ngargoyoso, Karanganyar, Mojogedang, Kerjo dan Jenawi). Sedangkan komoditas wortel nilai LQ-nya tertinggi di Kecamatan Karangpandan. Komoditas bawang putih menjadi tertinggi di Kecamatan Tawangmangu dan komoditas sawi tertinggi di Kecamatan Jatiyoso.</em></p><p> </p><p><em>Kata Kunci : Pengembangan Agribisnis, analisis Location Quotient.</em></p>
Design and Application of High-Temperature Raw-Seawater-Based Fracturing Fluids
Authors: Almubarak Tariq , AlKhaldi Mohammed , Ng Jun Hong , Nasr-El-Din Hisham A. 
Published: April 2019

Summary
Typically, water-based fracturing treatments consume a large volume of fresh water. Providing consistent freshwater sources is difficult and sometimes not feasible, especially in remote areas and offshore operations. Therefore, several seawater-based fracturing fluids have been developed in an effort to preserve freshwater resources. However, none of these fluids minimizes fracture-face skin and proppant-conductivity impairment, which can be critical for unconventional well treatments.
Several experiments and design iterations were conducted to tailor raw-seawater-based fracturing fluids. These fluids were designed to have rheological properties that can transport proppant under dynamic and static conditions. The optimized seawater-based fracturing-fluid formulas were developed such that no scale forms when additives are mixed in or when the fracturing-fluid filtrate is mixed with different formation brines. The tests were conducted using a high-pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) rheometer, coreflood, and by aging cells at 250 to 300°F.
The developed seawater-based fracturing fluids were optimized with an apparent viscosity greater than 100 cp at a shear rate of 100 seconds–1 and a temperature of 300°F for more than 1 hour. The use of polymeric- and phosphonate-based scale inhibitors (SIs) prevented the formation of severe calcium sulfate (CaSO4) scale in mixtures of seawater and formation brines at 300°F. Controlling the pH of fracturing fluids prevented magnesium and calcium hydroxide precipitation that occurs at a pH value of greater than 9.5. Most importantly, SIs had a negative effect on the viscosity of seawater fracturing fluid during testing because of their negative interaction with metallic crosslinkers. The developed seawater-based fracturing fluids were applied for the first time in an unconventional and a conventional carbonate well and showed very promising results; details of field treatments are discussed in this paper.
Combined Ultrasound and Nerve Stimulator-Guided Deep Nerve Block May Decrease the Rate of Local Anesthetics Systemic Toxicity: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Zhang Xu-hao , Li Yu-jie , He Wenquan , Yang Chunyong , Gu Jianteng , Lu Kaizhi , Yi Bin 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background: Ultrasound guidance might decrease the incidence of local anesthetics systemic toxicity (LAST) for many peripheral nerve blocks compared with nerve stimulator guidance. However, it remains uncertain whether ultrasound guidance is superior to nerve stimulator guidance for deep nerve block of the lower extremity. This study was designed to investigate whether deep nerve block with ultrasound guidance would decrease the incidence of LAST compared with that with nerve stimulator guidance and to identify associated risk factors of LAST. Methods: Three hundred patients undergoing elective lower limb surgery and desiring lumbar plexus blocks (LPBs) and sciatic nerve blocks (SNBs) were enrolled in this study. The patients were randomly assigned to receive LPBs and SNBs with ultrasound guidance (group U), nerve stimulator guidance (group N) or dual guidance (group M). The primary outcome was the incidence of LAST. The secondary outcomes were the number of needle redirections, motor and sensory block onset and nerve distribution restoration time, as well as associated risk factors. Results: There were 18 patients with LAST, including 12 in group U, 4 in group N and 2 in group M. By multiple comparisons among the three groups, we found that the incidence of LAST in group U (12%) was significantly higher than that in group N (4%) (P=0.037) and group M (2%) (P=0.006). The OR of LAST with hepatitis B (HBV) infection and the female sex was 3.352 (95% CI, 1.233-9.108, P=0.013) and 9.488 (95% CI, 2.142-42.093, P=0.0004), respectively. Conclusions: Ultrasound guidance, HBV infection and the female sex were risk factors of LAST with LPBs and SNBs. For patients infected with HBV or female patients receiving LPBs and SNBs, we recommended that combined ultrasound and nerve stimulator guidance should be used to improve the safety. Trial registration: This study was approved by the Ethical Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University. The protocol was registered prospectively with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR-IOR-16008099) on March 15, 2016.
Intravenous fibrinolysis plus endovascular thrombectomy versus direct endovascular thrombectomy for anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke: clinical and infarct volume results.
Authors: Gamba Massimo , Gilberti Nicola , Premi Enrico , Costa Angelo , Frigerio Michele , Mardighian Dikran , Vergani Veronica , Spezi Raffaella , Delrio Ilenia , Morotti Andrea , Poli Loris , De Giuli Valeria , Caria Filomena , Pezzini Alessandro , Gasparotti Roberto , Padovani Alessandro , Magoni Mauro 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background and Purpose

endovascular therapy (ET) is the standard of care for anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke (AIS) caused by large vessel occlusion (LVO). The role of adjunctive intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in these patients is still unclear. The present study aims to test whether IVT plus ET (CoT, combined therapy) provides additional benefits over direct ET for anterior circulation AIS by LVO.

Methods

we performed a single center retrospective observational study of patients with AIS caused by anterior circulation LVO, referred to our center between January 2014 and January 2017 and treated with ET. The patients were divided in 2 groups based on the treatment they received: CoT and, if IVT contraindicated, direct ET. We compared functional recovery (modified Rankin at 3-months follow-up), recanalization rate (thrombolysis in cerebral infarction [TICI] score) and time, early follow-up infarct volume (EFIV) (for recanalized patients only) as well as safety profile, defined as symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) and 3-month mortality, between groups.

Results

145 subjects were included in the study, 70 in direct ET group and 75 in CoT group. Patients who received CoT presented more frequently a functional independence at 3-months follow-up compared to patients who received direct ET (mRS score 0-1: 48.5% vs 18.6%; P<0.001. mRS score 0-2: 67.1% vs 37.3%; P<0.001), higher first-pass success rate (62.7% vs 38.6%, P<0.05), higher recanalization rate (84.3% vs 65.3%; P=0.009) and, in recanalized subjects, smaller EFIV (16.4ml vs 62.3ml; P=0.003). The safety profile was similar for the 2 groups. In multivariable regression analysis, low baseline NIHSS score (P<0.05), vessel recanalization (P=0.05) and CoT (P=0.03) were indipendent predictors of 3-month favorable outcome.

Conclusions

CoT appears more effective than ET alone for anterior circulation AIS with LVO, with similar safety profile.
Comparison of Spectral Domain and Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomography for Angle Assessment of Chinese elderly subjects
Authors: Qiao Yunsheng , Tan Chen , Zhang Min , Sun Xinghui , Chen Junyi 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Abstract
Background
This comparative study aimed to demonstrate the differences between swept source OCT (SS-OCT) (1310nm) and spectral domain OCT (SD-OCT) (840nm) for the identification and measurement of anterior chamber angle (ACA) structures.
Methods
67 eyes from 67 healthy subjects underwent ACA imaging at the nasal and temporal sides using SS-OCT and SD-OCT with different wavelength (Tomey, 1310nm and RTvue, 840nm). Images were evaluated for the ability to distinguish angle structures including the Schwalbe’s line (SL), the Schlemm’s canal (SC) and the scleral spur (SS). The length of trabecular meshwork (LTM), the angle-opening distance (AOD500 and AOD750) and the length of Schlemm’s canal (LSC) were also measured.
Results
The nasal/temporal identification rate for angle structures by SS-OCT and SD-OCT were 91.04%/86.57% (SL), 50.75%/68.66% (SC), 100.0%/100.0% (SS) and 89.55%/91.04% (SL), 40.30%/70.15% (SC), 74.63%/65.67% (SS), respectively. Differences between SS-OCT and SD-OCT were found in terms of the visualization of the SS. With respect to the measurements of angle, the evaluation of LTM at the nasal side, LSC at the temporal side and AOD500/750 at both sides showed significant difference between the two devices. However, there existed good correlation between the AOD500/750 measured by SS-OCT and SD-OCT (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient > 0.8, p<0.000).
Conclusions
SS-OCT displayed a better performance in detecting deeper structures of the angle such as the SS. However, for discriminating structures lying in transparent or semi-transparent tissue such as the SL and the SC, the two devices showed good consistency. Although SS-OCT and SD-OCT demonstrated high correlation for angle measurement (AOD500/750), their agreement was poor.
Estimating the annual risk of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis among adolescents in Western Kenya in preparation for TB vaccine trials
Authors: Nduba Videlis , Hoog Anna H. van’t , de Bruijn Annefleur , Mitchell Ellen M.H. , Laserson Kayla , Borgdorff Martien 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Setting

Siaya District, Western Kenya, with the highest TB notification rates in Kenya (400/100,000)

Objective

To determine the prevalence and annual risk of infection with M. tuberculosis (ARTI) among adolescents aged 12-18 years

Design

Adolescents aged 12-18 years were enrolled in an area under continuous health and demographic surveillance in 2008-2009. At enrolment, clinical and demographic data were collected and study participants screened for tuberculosis (TB) and for tuberculous infection using tuberculin skin tests (TST).

Results

Of 5004 adolescents enrolled, 4808 (96%) returned for TST readings. Of these 2327(48.4%) were female, 861 (17.9%) had no BCG scar, and 23 (0.5%) were HIV positive. The baseline prevalence of tuberculous infection was 32% (95% CI 29-35%) with a corresponding ARTI of 2.6% (95% CI 2.2-3.1%). Male gender (OR 1.3, 95%CI 1.2,1.5), having a BCG scar (OR 1.4,95%CI 1.3,1.7) and not being enrolled in school (OR 1.8, 95%CI 1.4,2.3) were independent predictors of a positive tuberculin skin test at baseline.

Conclusion

We found a high ARTI indicating very high TB transmission rates, suggesting that in this population prevention studies including TB vaccine trials would be both highly relevant and efficient.
The Molecular Mass and Isoelectric Point of Plant Proteomes
Authors: Mohanta Tapan Kumar Kumar , Khan Abdullatif , Hashem Abeer , Abd_Allah Elsayed Fathi , Al-Harrasi Ahmed 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
A proteomic analysis of proteomes from 145 plant species revealed a pI range of 1.99 (epsin) to 13.96 (hypothetical protein). The molecular mass of the plant proteins ranged from 0.54 to 2236.8 kDa. A putative Type-I polyketide synthase (22244 amino acids) in Volvox carteri was found to be the largest protein in the plant kingdom and was not found in higher plant species. Titin (806.46 kDa) and misin/midasin (730.02 kDa) were the largest proteins identified in higher plant species. The pI and molecular weight of the plant proteome exhibited a trimodal distribution. An acidic pI (56.44% of proteins) was found to be predominant over a basic pI (43.34% of proteins) and the abundance of acidic pI proteins was higher in unicellular algae species relative to multicellular higher plants. In contrast, the seaweed, Porphyra umbilicalis, possesses a higher proportion of basic pI proteins (70.09%). Plant proteomes were also found to contain selenocysteine (Sec), amino acid that was found only in lower eukaryotic aquatic plant lineage. Additionally, the plant proteomes also possess ambiguous amino acids Xaa (unknown), Asx (asparagine or aspartic acid), Glx (glutamine or glutamic acid), and Xle (leucine or isoleucine) as well.
Extraorgan retroperitoneal mature teratoma in a 12-year-old child
Authors: Kaplunov S. V. , Ivashchenko I. V. , Snigur G. L. 
Published: April 2019

Teratomas are germ cell tumors consisting of derivatives of 3 germ layers and havingvarious malignant potential – from benign mature forms to immature embryonic and forms with somatic type of malignancy.This article describes the clinical caseof rare localization of mature teratoma – retroperitoneal space, aswell asan example of multidisciplinary interaction of clinicians, radiation diagnosticians and pathomorphologists in correct preoperative diagnosis using computed tomography, successful surgical treatment and histological verification of extraorgan teratoma of the retroperitoneal space.
Formation of the pediatric hematology- oncology service in the Krasnodar region and its current activities
Authors: Lebedev V. V. , Kleshchenko E. I. 
Published: April 2019

In the city of Sochi, in 1986, one of the first children’s hematology department in the USSR was opened. The characteristic features of the profile service of the Krasnodar Region are a strong school of professional doctors based on russian and foreign experience, the continuity of generations, close cooperation with leading federal centers and many years of fruitful work.Today, the Department of Oncology and Hematology with chemotherapy for 70 beds in the 24- hour in- patient department and 30 beds in the intensive care ward operates in Krasnodar. In addition, the hospital has a 30- bed oncology department for patients with solid tumors and tumors of the central nervous system. The expansion of the service is planned for 2023: a day hospital for oncohematological patients, a bone marrow transplant unit and a blood transfusion department with a cryopreservation station for hematopoietic stem cells.Krasnodar Region has been keeping a child cancer registry for more than 40 years. The article presents the main stages of the development of hematological and oncological assistance to children of the Krasnodar Region, the activities of the service now and its plans for the future.
The Role of the Sodium-taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) and Bile Salt Export Pump (BSEP) in Related Liver Disease
Authors: Lu Xiaoyang , Liu Lin , Shan Wenya , Kong Limin , Chen Na , Lou Yan , Zeng Su 
Published: April 2019

Background:Sodium Taurocholate Co-transporting Polypeptide (NTCP) and Bile Salt Export Pump (BSEP) play significant roles as membrane transporters because of their presence in the enterohepatic circulation of bile salts. They have emerged as promising drug targets in related liver disease.Methods:We reviewed the literature published over the last 20 years with a focus on NTCP and BSEP.Results:This review summarizes the current perception about structure, function, genetic variation, and regulation of NTCP and BSEP, highlights the effects of their defects in some hepatic disorders, and discusses the application prospect of new transcriptional activators in liver diseases.Conclusion:NTCP and BSEP are important proteins for transportation and homeostasis maintenance of bile acids. Further research is needed to develop new models for determining the structure-function relationship of bile acid transporters and screening for substrates and inhibitors, as well as to gain more information about the regulatory genetic mechanisms involved in the processes of liver injury.