bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Initial experience with gamma knife surgery for endocrine ophthalmopathy
Authors: Antico Julio C. , Crovetto Luis , Tenca Eduardo , Artes Carlos 
Published: November 2018

Object. The aim of this study was to evaluate both the effectiveness and safety of the treatment of endocrine ophthalmopathy with gamma knife surgery (GKS).
Methods. Five patients were included in a prospective study designed to assess the results of GKS of endocrine ophthalmopathy secondary to Graves disease. All the patients completed a 2-year follow-up period. During this period, the patients were evaluated both clinically and by means of additional methods, including computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging studies. The minimum dose delivered to the 50% isodose line was 6.5 Gy in all the patients.
In all cases, a clinical improvement was observed. The best effect was seen in symptom regression related to soft-tissue involvement. No treatment-related side effects were detected.
Conclusions. In light of the results obtained the authors consider that GKS may be a safe and effective way to treat endocrine ophthalmopathy.
Gamma knife surgery for atypical meningiomas
Authors: Huffmann Beate C. , Reinacher Peter C. , Gilsbach Joachim M. 
Published: November 2018

Object. Complete resection is the optimal treatment for atypical meningiomas (AMs) but its feasibility depends on the tumor site. The object of this study was to assess the effect of gamma knife surgery (GKS) on AM.
Methods. In 15 patients 21 AMs were treated by GKS. Four patients had residual lesions and 10 patients had recurrent tumors after one or more microsurgical interventions. Three patients were treated twice with GKS because of tumor tissue outside the treatment volume, either at the margin or at a distant location. The median clinical and neuroimaging follow-up period was 35 months (range 21–67 months).
Ten tumors shrank 6 to 12 months after GKS, 10 remained stable, and one grew. Between 18 and 36 months after GKS, four patients had a distant recurrence, and two had a margin recurrence. In one of these cases, an additional local recurrence was demonstrated 1 year later, and the patient underwent standard radiotherapy. No patient suffered persistent adverse effects after radiosurgery.
Conclusions. After early tumor shrinkage, high recurrence rates were demonstrated both at the treatment margin and at distant locations in cases treated for AM. There was only one recurrence within the GKS radiation field. For small- and medium-sized AMs GKS may be a safe adjunct to other treatment modalities.
Tumor recurrence and survival following gamma knife surgery for brain metastases
Authors: Mindermann Thomas 
Published: November 2018

Object. The authors evaluated prognostic factors for tumor recurrence and patient survival following gamma knife surgery (GKS) for brain metastasis.
Methods. A retrospective review of 101 patient charts was undertaken for those patients treated with GKS for brain metastases from 1994 to 2001.
Recurrence rates of brain metastasis following GKS depended on the duration of patient survival. Long-term survival was associated with a higher risk of tumor recurrence and shorter-term survival was associated with a lower risk. The duration of survival following GKS for brain metastases seems to be characteristic of the primary disease rather than the cerebral disease.
Conclusions. Recurrence rates of brain metastasis following GKS are related to duration of survival, which is in turn mostly dependent on the nature and course of the primary tumor.
Control of growth of vestibular schwannomas with low-dose Gamma Knife surgery
Authors: Hudgins W. Robert , Antes Kyle J. , Herbert Morley A. , Weiner Richard L. , Desaloms J. Michael , Stamos Denise , Barker Jerry L. , Echt Gregory A. , Nichols Timothy D. , Schwarz Donald E. 
Published: November 2018

ObjectThe treatment of solitary vestibular schwannomas by performing Gamma Knife surgery is well established. It has been reported that decreasing the surface dose reduces patient morbidity, especially facial weakness and numbness. The authors of this retrospective study examine patient data from a single center to determine if low-dose (≤ 14 Gy) GKS controls tumor growth as effectively as higher doses (> 14 Gy).MethodsBased on the formula for ellipsoid volumes, the tumor volumes were calculated using measurements from MR images obtained at follow up in patients treated at the authors' center. Follow-up data were available in 159 patients with a mean age of 59.5 ± 14.2 years at treatment. Fifty-six percent of the patients were women and 53.5% of the tumors were located on the right side of the brain. The mean tumor volume was 3.3 ± 4.3 cm3 with 10% of the tumors having volumes larger than 8 cm3. After GKS, smaller tumors (≥ 40% decrease in volume) were observed in 44.8% of patients treated with a low dose and in 48.8% treated with a high dose. Enlarged tumors (≥ 40% increase in volume) were seen in 5.2% of the patients receiving a low dose and 2.3% of those receiving a high dose. These differences were not statistically significant.Patients who had been followed up for longer than 5 years after treatment had median residual volumes of only 28.2% of the starting volume in the low-dose group and 26% in the high-dose group. This difference was statistically not significant.Conclusions No statistically significant differences were observed between tumors given low-dose radiation treatment and those given high-dose radiation treatment.
Utility of apparent diffusion coefficient in predicting the outcome of Gamma Knife–treated brain metastases prior to changes in tumor volume: a preliminary study
Authors: Goldman Marc , Boxerman Jerrold L. , Rogg Jeffrey M. , Norén Georg 
Published: November 2018

ObjectGamma Knife surgery (GKS) is often the sole treatment for brain metastases. The authors hypothesized that early post-GKS measures of the relative apparent diffusion coefficient (rADC) could predict therapeutic response, recurrence, and radionecrosis prior to changes in tumor volume.MethodsMagnetic resonance (MR) images of 25 metastatic tumors in 15 patients were reviewed. Inclusion criteria included a history of surgery or GKS, a minimum tumor diameter of 5 mm at treatment, and a minimum of two follow-up MR images. Tumor volumes were normalized to baseline, and tumor ADC values were normalized to normal-appearing white matter (rADC). A successful therapeutic response (STR) was defined by a monotonically decreasing tumor volume throughout the follow-up period. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to classify non-STRs as radionecrosis or tumor recurrence.All tumors exhibited a decreased normalized volume (mean 37%) at the first follow-up examination (range 33–124 days after GKS, mean 54 days), and three distinct rADC patterns subsequently evolved: Group 1 (STR [10 cases]), monotonically decreasing volume with gradually increasing rADC; Group 2 (radionecrosis [three cases]), initial volume reduction followed by gradual increase, with initial rapidly increasing rADC followed by more gradual increase or plateau; and Group 3 (recurrent tumor [12 cases]), initial volume decrease followed by increase, with a preceding gradual decrease in the rADC.Conclusions The rADC patterns outperform initial post-GKS tumor volume in predicting the long-term response to treatment. Decreasing tumor volume with an increasing rADC predicts an STR. For lesions with increasing volume, antecedent rADC reduction predicts recurrence, whereas a rapidly increasing rADC predicts radionecrosis. Evaluation of the rADC at the initial post-GKS follow-up examination appears to be a useful prognostic measure of metastatic tumor response.
Gamma Knife surgery for metastatic brain tumors without prophylactic whole-brain radiotherapy: results in 1000 consecutive cases
Authors: Serizawa Toru , Higuchi Yoshinori , Ono Junichi , Matsuda Shinji , Nagano Osamu , Iwadate Yasuo , Saeki Naokatsu 
Published: November 2018

ObjectThe authors analyzed the effectiveness of Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) for metastatic brain tumors without adjuvant prophylactic whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT). Salvage GKS was performed as the sole treatment for new distant lesions.MethodsAmong 1127 patients in whom new brain metastases had been diagnosed, 97 who met one or more of the following three criteria were excluded from the study: any surgically inaccessible huge (≥ 35 mm) lesion; tumor number and size requiring an internal skull dose exceeding 10 J; or symptomatic carcinomatous meningitis. Thus, 1030 consecutive patients formed the basis for this study. Huge tumors were totally removed, whereas smaller lesions were treated with GKS. No adjuvant WBRT was given prior to GKS, and new distant lesions were appropriately retreated with GKS. Overall, neurological and new lesion–free survival curves were calculated and the prognostic values of covariates were obtained. In total, 1853 separate GKS sessions were required to treat 10,163 lesions.The patients' median overall survival period was 8.6 months. Neurological survival and new lesion–free rates at 1 year were 89.1 and 49.3%, respectively. In a multivariate analysis, the significant factors for poor prognosis were the development of more than four new brain metastases and active extracranial disease.Conclusions In meeting the goal of preventing neurological death and maintaining activities of daily living for patients with brain metastases, GKS alone provides excellent palliation without prophylactic WBRT. New distant lesions were quite well controlled with GKS salvage treatment alone.
Book Publishing in the Context of Digital Economy: A Statistical Analysis
Authors: Horobets O. O. 
Published: November 2018

In the era of the digital economy, books should continue to be relevant to modern society, and book publishing needs to be a competitive industry in the market. Therefore, the statistical analysis of world book publishing is necessary to determine the landmark movement for domestic publishers supposed to find a solid niche in the digital economy.
Book publishing is an economic activity which effectiveness is measured by not only publication figures but by the level of education and consciousness of the nation, demonstrating its intellectual capacity to the whole world.
The article gives an example of a successful online Amazon business. The state of popularity of the e-book in France, Korea, and China is investigated. A statistical analysis of book publishing of Ukraine is presented. The dynamics of the increase of Internet subscribers in the territory of Ukraine was observed. The dynamics of the main indicators presented in the tables is simulated. The simulation results showed that the time dependence of the number of published books and brochures, as well as the total circulation of publications, is best described by the polynomial of the fourth degree, Internet subscribers – the polynomial of the third degree. Summarizing the analysis, it was concluded that the years 2014 and 2015, when indicators and number of publications and circulation have rapidly decreased, are critical for book printing, as well as for almost all spheres of life of Ukraine, the first – from 26323 thousand units. in 2013 to 19958 thousand units. in 2015, the circulation during this time decreased by almost one and a half times. Taking into account the number of the population of Ukraine as of 2017 (44.03 million people), the indicators of the book publishing industry can be argued that the index of bookkeeping of Ukraine by 2017 was 1.02 books per person.
Expert knowledge-infused deep learning for automatic lung nodule detection
Authors: Tan Jiaxing , Huo Yumei , Liang Zhengrong , Li Lihong 
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND: Computer aided detection (CADe) of pulmonary nodules from computed tomography (CT) is crucial for early diagnosis of lung cancer. Self-learned features obtained by training datasets via deep learning have facilitated CADe of the nodules. However, the complexity of CT lung images renders a challenge of extracting effective features by self-learning only. This condition is exacerbated for limited size of datasets. On the other hand, the engineered features have been widely studied. OBJECTIVE: We proposed a novel nodule CADe which aims to relieve the challenge by the use of available engineered features to prevent convolution neural networks (CNN) from overfitting under dataset limitation and reduce the running-time complexity of self-learning. METHODS: The CADe methodology infuses adequately the engineered features, particularly texture features, into the deep learning process. RESULTS: The methodology was validated on 208 patients with at least one juxta-pleural nodule from the public LIDC-IDRI database. Results demonstrated that the methodology achieves a sensitivity of 88% with 1.9 false positives per scan and a sensitivity of 94.01% with 4.01 false positives per scan. CONCLUSIONS: The methodology shows high performance compared with the state-of-the-art results, in terms of accuracy and efficiency, from both existing CNN-based approaches and engineered feature-based classifications.
The estimation of the parameter Gruneisen metal hexaborides
Authors: Fedyshyn Y. , Vadets D. , Garashchenko O. , Romanov O. , Fedyshyn T. 
Published: November 2018

The basis for the estimation of the Gruneisen parameter γ is laid (θД – Debye’s characteristic temperature, V– molar volume) from which the mathematical expression follows . In previous publications in order to determine θД the Lindemann formula was used. However, due to the ambiguity of the dimensional coefficient C in the Lindemann formula, the authors used the method of high-temperature roentgenography within the limits of 293–973 K. On the basis of analisys of the intensity of one maximum interference (hkl) at different temperatures, was determined by Chipman’s method X-ray characteristic temperature θр(Т) groups of hexaboard type CaB6, namely CaB6, YB6, LaB6, CeB6, PrB6 , NdB6, ErB6, ThB6, YbB6. Considering, that neither the structure nor the interatomic connections within the temperature search of hexaborides does not change, the value of the parameter γ is determined. Its value was obtained within 2.5–4.7 for CeB6, NdB6, ErB6, YbB6, ThB6 and order 5.5–6.6 for CaB6, YB6, LaB6, PrB6. The parameters of Gruneisen proved to be practically independent of temperature. The presence of the meanings of γ made it possible to divide the implicit and explicit parts of the anagrammonism into a calming measure. The generalizing measure of anharmonism is mainly exhausted by the product γβ (β – the coefficient of the volumetric expansion of the crystalline lattice.
La gaudefroyite, une nouvelle espèce minérale
Authors: Jouravsky Georges , Permingeat François 
Published: November 2018

Hexagonal P 6₃/m ou P 6₃. a = 10,6 ± 0,1, c = 5,90 ± 0,05 Å. Z = 2 , c/a = 0,5562 ± 0,0005 (goniomètre). Principales raies du diagramme de poudre (51 raies observées) qui a été indicé : 9,1 F, 4,54 F, 2,95 FF, 2,69 F, 2,62 FF, 2,46 FF, 1,80 F. Cristaux noirs en prismes hexagonaux aciculaires à terminaisons pyramidales (5 faces observées) atteignant 5 cm de longueur. Un clivage prismatique m (11.0). Aucune macle observée. Dureté Mohs 6, Vickers 840. dmes = 3,35 à 3,50. dₓ = 3,44. Uniaxe positif n₀ = 1,81 ± 0,01, nₑ = 2,02 ± 0,01. Pléochroïque de rouge orangé (sur ng) à roux clair. En sections polies : forte anisotropie mais faibles colorations gris˗blanc entre niçois croisés : pouvoirs réflecteurs Rg = 12,5 ± 0,03, R₀ = 9,7 ± 0,2 (pour 5 200 Å). L'analyse chimique sur un échantillon soigneusement sélectionné, contrôlée par de nombreux essais chimiques, spectrographiques et thermiques, conduit à la formule Ca4Mn₃₋ₓ[(BO₃)₃/(CO₃)/(O, OH)₃] avec x ~ 0,17. Mais x paraît variable d'un échantillon à l'autre, traduisant une oxydation partielle du manganèse. Se décompose très rapidement vers 1 000°. Trouvée en quantité relativement importante dans un « accident » du filon 2 de Tachgagalt (Anti˗Atlas, Maroc), associée à la marokite et divers autres minéraux de manganèse. Elle est probablement d'origine volcanique, liée au volcanisme acide du Précambrien terminal de l'Anti˗Atlas. C'est le premier borocarbonate signalé dans la nature. Les échantillons-types sont conservés à Rabat et à Paris. Le nom de gaudefroyite est proposé en l'honneur de C. Gaudefroy.
La rémunération au résultat serait-elle aléatoire ? Réponses appliquées au contrat de révélation de succession et à la convention d’honoraires au résultat passée entre l’avocat et son client
Authors: Huchet Marc-Olivier 
Published: November 2018

Classiquement, le contrat est aléatoire lorsque les chances de gain et de perte existent corrélativement pour les deux parties au contrat. Cette réalité ne résulte cependant pas de la lettre des articles 1104 et 1964 du Code civil mais plutôt du caractère synallagmatique du contrat qui implique que l’exécution de l’obligation de d ’une partie soit la cause de l’obligation de l’autre partie.
Il n ’est donc pas possible qu un contrat puisse être aléatoire pour une partie sans l’être pour l’autre. Mis en oeuvre, ce principe produit des résultats surprenants.
Lorsque jurisprudence et doctrine conviennent que le contrat de révélation de succession n ’est pas aléatoire au motif que l’aléa n ’existe que pour le professionnel, elles commettent une confusion en n ’identifiant pas correctement l ’objet de l ’incertitude. En réalité, l 'aléa existe aussi pour l’héritier, comme il existe pour tout client rémunérant un professionnel en fonction du résultat obtenu. Plus ce résultat est favorable, plus la rémunération de la prestation qui est à son origine sera élevée, constituant la perte subie par le client.
Le contrat rémunérant le professionnel en fonction du résultat étant aléatoire, rien ne justifie que le juge persiste à contrôler son équilibre.
The Fundamental Plane of Open Clusters
Authors: Pang Xiaoying , Shen Shiyin , Shao Zhengyi 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
We utilize the data from the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment-2 in the fourteenth data release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey to calculate the line-of-sight velocity dispersion σ
1D of a sample of old open clusters (aged older than 100 Myr) selected from the Milky Way open cluster catalog of Kharchenko et al. Together with their K

s
band luminosity

, and the half-light radius r

h
of the most probable members, we find that these three parameters show significant pairwise correlations among each other. Moreover, a fundamental plane-like relation among these parameters is found for the oldest open clusters (aged older than 1 Gyr),

with rms ∼ 0.31 mag in the K

s
band absolute magnitude. The existence of this relation, which deviates significantly from the virial theorem prediction, implies that the dynamical structures of the old open clusters are quite similar, when survived from complex dynamical evolution to age older than 1 Gyr.
Signatures of Intra-binary Shock Emission in the Black Widow Pulsar Binary PSR J2241−5236
Authors: An Hongjun , Romani Roger W. , Kerr Matthew 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
We report on high-energy properties of the black widow pulsar PSR J2241−5236 in the X-ray and the Fermi-Large Area Telescope (LAT; GeV gamma-ray) bands. In the LAT band, the phase-averaged gamma-ray light curve shows orbital modulation below ∼1 GeV with a chance probability (p) monotonically decreasing with time to p ∼ 10−5. The peak of the light curve is near the superior conjunction of the pulsar (binary phase ϕ
B ≈ 0.25). We attribute the modulation to the intra-binary shock (IBS) emission and search for IBS signatures in the archival X-ray data. We find that the X-ray spectral fit requires a nonthermal component, which implies a possible IBS origin of the X-rays. We discuss our observations in the context of IBS scenarios.
Théorie de l’exploitation ou théorie de la destruction ? Marx, Polanyi, Fraser
Authors: Delruelle Édouard 
Published: November 2018

L’article confronte la théorie de l’exploitation de Marx (qui envisage le capitalisme sous le prisme de la contradiction entre le capital et le travail) et la théorie de la destruction de Polanyi (qui l’envisage, lui, sous le prisme de la contradiction entre le marché autorégulé et la société toute entière). Plus profondément, il s’agit de savoir quelle place il faut accorder, aujourd’hui, aux luttes autour du soin (care), de la préservation ou de la réparation des « relations conditionnantes » aux autruis humains et non humains qui composent notre milieu de vie. L’hypothèse développée ici, à partir des travaux de Nancy Fraser, est de penser les catégories de soin et de souci comme des conditions de l’émancipation. Autrement dit, il ne suffit pas de faire droit aux luttes féministes, « culturelles » ou écologistes à côté des luttes sociales, mais de repérer, derrière toute lutte sociale-économique, ces luttes dont le but est la préservation de sphères non-économiques d’existence.
Predators associated with the pine bark adelgid (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), a native insect in Appalachian forests, United States of America, in its southern range
Authors: Wantuch Holly A. , Havill Nathan P. , Hoebeke E. Richard , Kuhar Thomas P. , Salom Scott M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe pine bark adelgid,Pineus strobi(Hartig) (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), is an herbivore native to eastern North America that specialises on eastern white pine,Pinus strobusLinnaeus (Pinaceae). Little is known aboutP. strobi, especially in its southern range in the Appalachian Mountains, United States of America, and the composition of its predator complex has not yet been documented in this region. The current study identifies arthropod predators associated withP. strobiin Appalachian forests of Virginia based on a two-year survey. Predators were identified using morphology and DNA barcoding. Predator species include:Laricobius rubidusLeConte (Coleoptera: Derodontidae),Leucopis piniperdaMalloch (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae), andLeucopis argenticollisZetterstedt (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae), that are known adelgid specialists. Also found were predators from the families Cecidomyiidae (Diptera), Coccinellidae (Coleoptera), Chrysopidae (Neuroptera), Hemerobiidae (Neuroptera), and Syrphidae (Diptera). The Cecidomyiidae were especially diverse, with 14 different species inferred from their DNA barcodes. Knowledge of this predator complex is particularly valuable for anticipation and detection of potential interactions between native predator species and those that are being considered for the introduction for biological control of invasive adelgid pests within the southern Appalachian ecosystem.