bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Representing sub-grid scale variations in nitrogen deposition associated with land use in a global Earth system model: implications for present and future nitrogen deposition fluxes over North America
Authors: Paulot Fabien , Malyshev Sergey , Nguyen Tran , Crounse John D. , Shevliakova Elena , Horowitz Larry W. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Reactive nitrogen (N) emissions have increased over the last 150 years as a
result of greater fossil fuel combustion and food production. The resulting
increase in N deposition can alter the function of ecosystems, but
characterizing its ecological impacts remains challenging, in part because of
uncertainties in model-based estimates of N dry deposition. Here, we use the
Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) atmospheric chemistry–climate
model (AM3) coupled with the GFDL land model (LM3) to estimate dry deposition
velocities. We leverage the tiled structure of LM3 to represent the impact of
physical, hydrological, and ecological heterogeneities on the surface removal
of chemical tracers. We show that this framework can be used to estimate N
deposition at more ecologically relevant scales (e.g., natural vegetation,
water bodies) than from the coarse-resolution global model AM3. Focusing on
North America, we show that the faster removal of N over forested ecosystems
relative to cropland and pasture implies that coarse-resolution estimates of
N deposition from global models systematically underestimate N deposition to
natural vegetation by 10 % to 30 % in the central and eastern US.
Neglecting the sub-grid scale heterogeneity of dry deposition velocities also
results in an underestimate (overestimate) of the amount of reduced
(oxidized) nitrogen deposited to water bodies. Overall, changes in land cover
associated with human activities are found to slow down the removal of N from
the atmosphere, causing a reduction in the dry oxidized, dry reduced, and
total (wet+dry) N deposition over the contiguous US of 8 %, 26 %, and
6 %, respectively. We also find that the reduction in the overall rate of
removal of N associated with land-use change tends to increase N deposition
on the remaining natural vegetation and facilitate N export to Canada. We
show that sub-grid scale differences in the surface removal of oxidized and
reduced nitrogen imply that projected near-term (2010–2050) changes in
oxidized (−47 %) and reduced (+40 %) US N emissions will cause
opposite changes in N deposition to water bodies (increase) and natural
vegetation (decrease) in the eastern US, with potential implications for
acidification and ecosystems.
Lidar temperature series in the middle atmosphere as a reference data set – Part 2: Assessment of temperature observations from MLS/Aura and SABER/TIMED satellites
Authors: Wing Robin , Hauchecorne Alain , Keckhut Philippe , Godin-Beekmann Sophie , Khaykin Sergey , McCullough Emily M. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract. We have compared 2433 nights of Rayleigh lidar temperatures measured at
L'Observatoire de Haute Provence (OHP) with co-located temperature
measurements from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) and the Sounding of the
Atmosphere by Broadband Emission Radiometry instrument (SABER). The
comparisons were conducted using data from January 2002 to March 2018 in the
geographic region around the observatory (43.93∘ N,
5.71∘ E). We have found systematic differences between the
temperatures measured from the ground-based lidar and those measured from the
satellites, which suggest non-linear distortions in the satellite altitude
retrievals. We see a winter stratopause cold bias in the satellite
measurements with respect to the lidar (−6 K for SABER and −17 K
for MLS), a summer mesospheric warm bias (6 K near 60 km), and a
vertically structured bias for MLS (−4 to 4 K). We have corrected the
stratopause height of the satellite measurements using the lidar temperatures
and have seen an improvement in the comparison. The winter relative cold bias
between the lidar and SABER has been reduced to 1 K in both the stratosphere
and mesosphere and the summer mesospheric warm bias is reduced to 2 K.
Stratopause altitude corrections have reduced the relative cold bias between
the lidar and MLS by 4 K in the early autumn and late spring but were
unable to address the apparent vertical oscillations in the MLS temperature
profiles.
Assessment of SMADI and SWDI agricultural drought indices using remotely sensed root zone soil moisture
Authors: Pablos Miriam , González-Zamora Ángel , Sánchez Nilda , Martínez-Fernández José 
Published: December 2018

Abstract. The increasing frequency of drought events has expanded
the research interest in drought monitoring. In this regard, remote sensing
is a useful tool to globally mapping the agricultural drought. While this
type of drought is directly linked to the availability of root zone soil
moisture (RZSM) for plants growth, current satellite soil moisture
observations only characterize the water content of the surface soil layer
(0–5 cm). In this study, two soil moisture-based agricultural drought
indices were obtained at a weekly rate from June 2010 to December 2016,
using RZSM estimations at 1 km from the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity
(SMOS) satellite, instead of surface soil moisture (SSM). The RZSM was
estimated by applying the Soil Water Index (SWI) model to the SMOS SSM. The
Soil Moisture Agricultural Drought Index (SMADI) and the Soil Water Deficit
Index (SWDI) were assessed over the Castilla y León region (Spain) at 1 km spatial resolution. They were compared with the Atmospheric Water Deficit
(AWD) and the Crop Moisture Index (CMI), both computed at different weather
stations distributed over the study area. The level of agreement was
analyzed through statistical correlation. Results showed that the use of
RZSM does not influence the characterization of drought, both for SMADI and
SWDI.
Validating improved-MODIS products from spectral mixture-Landsat snow cover maps in a mountain region in southern Spain
Authors: Pimentel Rafael , Marín Carlo , De Gregorio Ludovica , Callegari Mattia , Pérez-Palazón María J. , Notarnicola Claudia , Polo María J. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Remote sensing is the only feasible data source for distributed
modelling of snow in mountain regions on medium to large scales, due to the
limited access to these areas together with the lack of dense ground
monitoring stations for snow variables. Observations worldwide identify snow
cover persistence together with snowfall occurrence as the most affected
variables by global warming. In Mediterranean regions, the spatiotemporal
evolution of the snow cover can experiment quick changes that result in
different accumulation-ablation cycles during the cold season. High frequency
sensors are required to adequately monitor such shifts; however, for trend
analyses, the Landsat time series constitute the only available source of
data, being their frequency low for this regime, especially when cloudy
conditions limit the available images. On the other hand, the MODIS daily
series provide more than 15 years of continuous snow maps, despite the
spatial resolution may pose a constraint in areas with abrupt topography;
several approaches have been done to improve their spatial resolution from
combining different information. This work presents a methodological approach
to validate the improved MODIS daily snow cover maps from Notarnicola et al. (2013a, b),
with 250 m spatial resolution, in Sierra Nevada (southern Spain),
from a reference data set obtained by spectral mixture analyses of Landsat TM
data by Pimentel et al. (2017b). This reference time series of fractional
snow maps, with 30 m spatial resolution, were validated from high resolution
local time series of snow maps obtained by terrestrial time-lapse cameras.
The results show a significantly high correlation between the two snow map
products both on a global and basin scales in the Sierra Nevada area.
Selected areas and time periods are shown to address the convergence and
divergence between both products and assess the development of a fusion
algorithm to retrieve daily Landsat-resolution snow maps on a long term
basis.
Procesos creativos e imágenes como herramientas etnográficas en el estudio del envejecimiento
Authors: Zamorano Enríquez Denisse Alexandra 
Published: December 2018

El artículo aborda el alcance de una metodología a través de la imagen y los procesos creativos del arte dentro del contexto de una investigación antropológica en colaboración con el arteterapia sobre los procesos de envejecimiento en un grupo de mujeres de la ciudad de Quito. Incluye un breve estado de la cuestión y una muestra del proceso, en donde se ubica a la imagen, el cuerpo y el relato de vida como puntos de encuentro entre disciplinas. Concluye destacando el potencial del arte en la metodología y producción de conocimiento social, en tanto promueve acercamientos dialógicos y reflexivos entre agentes sociales e investigadores; facilita la activación de memorias; ofrece otras formas de articulación narrativa; entre otros.
What Preservice Music Teachers Say About Educative Mentoring Before Student Teaching: A Focus Study Research Project
Authors: Abramo Joseph Michael , Campbell Mark Robin 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
In this study, we investigated 12 preservice music education seniors’ expectations and conceptions of their mentoring relationships with their cooperating teachers prior to their student teaching experiences. Data included responses from a survey and 3 focus group sessions. Using “educative mentoring” as a framework, we found that participants desired nurturing relationships where cooperating teachers served as critical friends and coaches. The seniors saw their relationships as providing normative practice; however, perhaps contradictorily, they also wanted cooperating teachers to provide emotional support and share personal stories. Additionally, they did not prioritize the connection of theory and practice during these relationships. This contrasts with previous research involving cooperating teachers, who saw their relationships as helping student teachers generate a personal style of teaching, creating an inquiring stance toward learning to teach, purposefully mitigating student teachers’ emotional responses to teaching, and explicitly connecting theory to practice. These differences in conceptions between student teachers and cooperating teachers might create areas of disagreements and misunderstandings. Based on these findings, teacher educators and university supervisors might give cooperating teachers direct philosophical guidance centered around educative mentoring, reconceptualize the role of supervisor toward coinquirer, and conceive of student teaching experiences beyond 1-on-1 mentorships.
Elma Lewis, Her School of Fine Arts, and Her Vision of Arts Education as Cultural Emancipation
Authors: Hope Sonya White 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to present findings from my study of Elma Lewis and her philosophy that illuminate key relationships between effective arts education for Black students and contemporary music education practice. Critical race theory provides the defining lens through which I examine Elma Lewis, her work, and prominent turn-of-the-21st-century music education philosophy and practice. Of import are resonances and dissonances between Lewis’s views, the music education as aesthetic education perspective, and the music education as activity paradigm. I assert that Lewis advanced a philosophy of arts education as cultural emancipation (AECE) and contextualize her views within present-day education models of culturally oriented teaching and African-centered pedagogy. Scenarios envisioning 21st-century applications of AECE philosophy for music teaching and learning in diverse and dominant culture populations conclude this article.
Higher order Markov Chain Model for Synthetic Generation of Daily Streamflows
Authors: Pereira A. G. C. , Sousa F. A. S. , Andrade B. B. , Campos Viviane Simioli Medeiros 
Published: December 2018

The aim of this study is to get further into the two-state Markov chain model for synthetic generation daily streamflows. The model proposed in Aksoy and Bayazit (2000) and Aksoy (2003) is based on a two Markov chains for determining the state of the stream. The ascension curve of the hydrograph is modeled by a two-parameter Gamma probability distribution function and is assumed that a recession curve of the hydrograph follows an exponentially function. In this work, instead of assuming a pre-defined order for the Markov chains involved in the modelling of streamflows, a BIC test is performed to establish the Markov chain order that best fit on the data. The methodology was applied to data from seven Brazilian sites. The model proposed here was better than that one proposed by Aksoy but for two sites which have the lowest time series and are located in the driest regions.
Onderzoeksjournalistiek en opsporing
Authors: Klerks Peter 
Published: December 2018

Investigative Journalism Meets Criminal Investigations
Investigative reporters show an increasing interest in criminal phenomena. Dutch journalists may be allowed access to ongoing police investigations on the condition that they comply with data protection legislation. Working in international cooperative projects, using sophisticated research tools and hot sources, journalists by themselves also manage to uncover hidden crimes that may prompt indictments. The article explores possibilities of future collaboration between criminal investigators and reporters, while acknowledging each other’s professional roles and responsibilities.
Opsporingsberichtgeving in een veranderend medialandschap
Authors: Vanderveen Gabry 
Published: December 2018

Police and prosecutorial appeals for information and wanted notices in a changing media landscape
Police and prosecution can appeal to the public for information to further their case. This requires a balancing exercise between the rights of the suspect (and other people involved), specifically the right to privacy and the interest of criminal investigations. Appeals for information and wanted notices require a medium as well. Also, in order for the appeal to be effective, other (news)media need to publish the appeal as well: it needs to be newsworthy and attractive for the public intended. Based on deskresearch, this article describes how an ever-changing media landscape and different media revolutions affect the appeals for information.
Onder een vergrootglas: de gevolgen van media-aandacht voor sociale professionals die werken met moeilijk bereikbaren
Authors: Suijkerbuijk Karlijn , de Jong Jeanet 
Published: December 2018

Under the microscope: effects of media attention on social professionals who work with the hard-to-reach.
While media coverage supports citizens in exercising their democratic rights, developments in the media have turned organizations into glass houses. In this article we investigate what media attention and subsequent public reactions after incidents mean for social professionals who work with the so-called ‘hard-to- reach’. We draw on a practical example, literature and interviews. Media attention turns out to affect the public image of organizations and professionals and consecutively alters the long term public judgment. This results in professionals feeling powerless, unrecognized and pressurized. Professionals adopt different strategies to deal with the effects of media attention: resignation, defensiveness, caution and organizational blame.
Recht is niet alleen recht als er recht op staat
Authors: van Gestel R.A.J. 
Published: December 2018

Recht is niet alleen recht als er recht op staat Over het (h)erkennen van de rechtskracht van private normen
Met het Achmea/Rijnberg-arrest van de Hoge Raad leek een doorbraak te zijn bereikt inzake de doorwerking van private regelgeving in het recht. Wanneer partijen het onderling eens zijn over de toepasselijkheid van bijvoorbeeld gedragscodes, toetst de Hoge Raad er ook aan zonder de juridische status ervan te beoordelen. De vraag wat te doen wanneer de relevantie van private regelgeving tussen partijen wordt betwist, blijkt echter een veel lastiger te nemen hobbel. Recente jurisprudentie over normalisatienormen toont aan dat het in zo’n geval buitengewoon complex is om te bepalen welke rechtsgevolgen aan private regels moeten worden verbonden. Wettelijke (h)erkenningsregels die de rechter behulpzaam kunnen zijn bij het kwalificeren en waarderen van private regels worden in die situatie node gemist. Hier ligt ook een taak voor wetgevingsjuristen. De vraag is alleen of één algemeen wettelijk kader voor uiteenlopende vormen van private regelgeving momenteel al haalbaar is. Werken met experimenteerbepalingen zou wel eens vruchtbaarder kunnen blijken te zijn. Dergelijke bepalingen zullen alleen werken wanneer wetgevingsjuristen, die ze moeten opstellen, zich eerst verdiepen in de schaduwwereld van private normen waarop deze bijdrage enig licht probeert te werpen.
COMPLEXES OF IZOTHIADIAZOLE-CONTAINING BROMONITROSUBSTITUTED THREE UNITS PRODUCT WITH D-METALS (NI, CO, ZN)
Authors: Кudayarova Tatyana V. , Tyutina Marina A. , Danilova Еlena А. 
Published: December 2018

This work is continuation of synthesis researches of substituted macroheterocyclic compounds with 1,2,4-thiadiazole fragments. Data of synthesis of complexes with divalent d-metals (Ni, Co, Zn) on the basis of received earlier brominenitrosubstituted isothiadiazole three-unit product are presented. Complexes of BAB-type product consisting 1,2,4-thiadiazole and bromine-nitro-isoindole fragments were received by interaction 3,5-bis-[5(6)-bromine-6(5)-nitro-3-iminoizoindolin-1-ilidenamiino]-1,2,4-thiadiazol with acetates of d-metals in 2-ethoxyethanol at 100 ºC for 2 h. After the reaction the mixture was poured into water and precipitate was filtered and washed with 5 % ammonia, water and hot organic solvents (acetone, methanol, dimethylformamide, pyridine). Yield of target products was 18 – 28 %. The resulting complexes are dark brown powders with high solubility in alcohols, DMF, insoluble in water, dichloromethane and hexane. The structures of products were established by data of mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, UV-vis and IR spectroscopy. Data of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry showed that complexes with metal of three-unit product with 1,2,4-thiadiazole fragment were isolated as monohydrate by analogy with literary for 1,3,4-thiadiazole. Data of atomic absorption analysis with good convergence of the experimental and calculated values confirmed monohydrate structure these products. These complexes of three-unit products will be used for synthesis of new various substituted macroheterocycles with 1,2,4-thiadiazole fragments.
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METAL CATALYSIS IN THE TRANSFORMATIONS OF PORPHYRINS
Authors: Beletskaya Irina P. , Averin Alexei D. 
Published: December 2018

A mini-review outlines the results considering various transformations of porphyrins and their complexes achieved in the reactions catalyzed with Pd complexes leading to C-C, C-N and C-P bonds formation.
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Human dignity in the light of the Constitution, human rights and bioethics
Authors: Messetti Paulo André Stein , Dallari Dalmo De Abreu 
Published: December 2018

Introduction: Human dignity, as coined by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR / 1948), is an expression social solidarity, which should cement the relations between people. Human dignity is the foundation of all rights, such as freedom, equality, justice and peace in the world, and in Brazil, human dignity was deemed a fundamental pillar of the country’s post-1988 constitutional order.
Objective: This article seeks to a deeper investigation about the social nature of human dignity and its definition over time.
Methods: This is an exploratory research meant to unpack the concepts of "human dignity", "bioethics", "human rights" and "constitution". After describing the conceptual evolution of human dignity and the facts relevant to its conceptual formation in world history - as a normative standard and a legal rule -, we address the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR/1948), the Declaration of Helsinki (DH/1964), the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights (UDBHR/2005), and the definition adopted in the Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil (CFRB/1988). The study was carried out without temporal limitation, and included a review of referenced books, legal doctrines, as well as articles and books in the SciELO database.
Results and discussion: The findings ratify that human dignity is the foundation of all rights, including those of freedom, equality, justice and peace in the world, and must also guide the rights and duties of social regulation. Human dignity has changed from a criterion of power attributed to the social position of individuals to a value of the right to freedom, which now goes beyond the right of freedom and is the basis of modern constitutional democracy, which makes possible the realization of solidarity, as well as the duty and purpose of the state and the community. The will of the subject, of society, of the science and of the state, as well as the rules of domination and regulation, must have a limit on human dignity, and human dignity is not just fundamental right, in the sense of the Constitution, and must prevail over the exclusive will of science, the State and society. Therefore, in the making of power decisions and in realization of possible innovations of science involving human beings, human dignity demands the explicit consideration of respect and promotion of it.
Conclusion: Human dignity is enshrined in Brazilian constitutional law, as well as in bioethics and in human rights, and it constitutes all the fundamental rights of the human person. It is not merely a rule of autonomy and liberty, and it is an obligatory and non-derogable precept in the making of power decisions, a true main foundation of constitutional democracies.