bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Red Cells Shrink During Sickling
Authors: Masys Daniel R. , Bromberg Philip A. , Balcerzak Stanley P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Rapid transformation of discoid hemoglobin SS erythrocytes into grossly distorted sickled forms suggests alteration of surface/volume ratio. We, therefore, examined the effect of deoxygenation on red cell volume. 131I-labeled albumin was used as a marker of plasma volume in normal (Hb AA), sickle (Hb SS), and sickle-C (Hb SC) blood. Heparinized blood was incubated for 30 min at 37°C in a tonometer under deoxy (90% N2, 10% CO2) or oxy (90% O2, 10% CO2) atmospheres. Whole blood and plasma concentrations of radioactivity were determined. The hematocrits thus obtained with 131I-albumin showed that deoxygenation caused: (1) Hb AA cells to swell (mean MCV +4.0 cu µ ± 3.0, p < 0.01), as is predicted by the Bohr effect; (2) Hb SS cells to shrink (mean MCV -9.4 cu µ ± 2.9, p < 0.001); Hb SC cells to shrink (mean MCV -4.1 cu µ ± 0.8, p < 0.02). We also measured size distributions of glutaraldehyde-fixed oxy and deoxy cells using a Coulter Model B counter. This method confirmed the results of the radioalbumin experiments. These results demonstrate loss of cell volume during sickling of intact erythrocytes. Possible mechanisms for this loss include potassium efflux with obligatory water efflux, increased intracellular hydrostatic pressure from deformation of the cell membrane, or loss of intracellular osmotic activity of hemoglobin secondary to polymerization. This dehydration enables the sickled cell to develop more extreme shape distortion without membrane disruption, may facilitate continued hemoglobin polymerization, and may play a role in the formation of "irreversibly" sickled cells.
Congenital hypoplastic anemia inhibition of erythropoiesis by sera from patients with congenital hypoplastic anemia
Authors: Ortega JA , Shore NA , Dukes PP , Hammond D 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
An in vitro marrow culture assay designed to measure erythropoietic capability was used to ascertain the presence of an inhibitor in the sera of patients with congenital hypoplastic anemia (CHA). Marrow cells from nine anemic CHA patients responded to the stimulatory effect of exogenous erythropoietin (EPO) by an increase in heme synthesis in the presence of normal serum. The effect on heme synthesis was less than that observed with normal marrow cells. CHA serum inhibited heme synthesis by both normal and CHA marrow cells. It is concluded that an in-inhibitor of erythropoiesis is present in serum from CHA patients. This inhibitor most likely blocks the EPO-sensitive stem cell receptor sites, causing decreased response to the hormone.
Abnormal red cell metabolism in patients with chronic uremia: Nature of the defect and its persistence despite adequate hemodialysis
Authors: Yawata Y , Jacob HS 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A red cell metabolic abnormality, which diminishes the maximum activity of the pentose phosphate shunt, occurs in some uremic patients, even those adequately dialyzed with fluids prepared from distilled or charcoal-filtered water. Within individual patients the severity of this abnormality does not change even after 9 mo of consecutive hemodialyses. However, between patients it does correlate inversely with hematocrit. When erythrocytes from patients with the abnormality are stressed with oxidant compounds, such as ascorbate, erythrocyte glucose consumption and lactate formation are abnormally increased, while lactate/pyruvate ratios abnormally diminish. Concomitantly, red cell glycolytic intermediates, including fructose-1,6-diphosphate, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, 3-phosphoglycerate, phosphoenol pyruvate, and pyruvate, markedly accumulate. Surprisingly, no increase of 2- phosphoglycerate occurs, which suggests that inefficient phosphoglyceromutase activity underlies this perturbation of erythrocyte metabolism and its associated hemolytic process.
Multiple myeloma with intramedullary masses of M-component
Authors: Bernier GM , Duca Jr VD , Brereton R , Graham Jr RC 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The bone marrow of a patient with light chain myeloma and amyloidosis was substantially infiltrated with basophilic globular particles. The globules, which were confined to the bone marrow, ranged in size from tiny intracytoplasmic inclusions to large (100 mu) extracellular particles. Both the intra- and extracellular globules stained with fluorescent antibody directed against the light chain (kappa) produced by the patient's abnormal clone, and not with other fluorescent antiserums. By electron microscopy, even the largest extracytophasmic globules were bounded at least in part by rough membranes, suggesting that their extreme size was the result of cellular synthesis rather than extracellular coalescence.
Lipid synthesis in human erythroid cells: the effect of sickling
Authors: Lane TA , Ballas SK , Burka ER 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Human reticulocytes are capable of synthesizing membrane lipids from 14C-glycerol de novo. In both sickle and nonsickle reticulocytes the majority of 14C-glycerol was incorporated into phospholipids, primarily phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylcholine. Incorporation into sphingomyelin was minimal. The most abundant neutral lipid synthesized was triglyceride. In the absence of sickling, the rate of lipid synthesis in sickle reticulocytes was similar to that of nonsickle reticulocytes. With the induction of sickling under anoxic conditions sickle reticulocytes showed a prompt increase in the rate of lipid synthesis to an average of 69% above control values, while nonsickle reticulocytes under similar conditions decreased the rate of lipid synthesis. An increase in the rate of membrane lipid synthesis is associated in the mammalian erythroid cell with cell membrane damage. The findings further confirm that lesions of the erythroid cell membrane in sickle cell anemia are secondary to the sickling process itself.
Effect of splenectomy on tolerance to combination chemotherapy in patients with lymphoma
Authors: Ihde DC , DeVita VT , Canellos GP , Young RC 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Enhanced tolerance to combination chemotherapy has been cited as an ancillary benefit of staging laparotomy and splenectomy in Hodgkin's disease. Seventeen patients with Hodgkin's disease and 15 with non- Hodgkin's lymphoma were subjected to nontherapeutic splenectomy as part of the staging procedure prior to their initial treatment with MOPP (nitrogen mustard, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone) or CVP (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone) chemotherapy, respectively. Matched control patients of comparable age, pathologically proven stage, and presence or absence of bone marrow lymphoma and previous radiotherapy were selected. Although leukocyte (in non-Hodgkin's patients) and platelet counts (in both groups) were significantly higher in the patients with splenectomy during most of the first six cycles of therapy, there was no difference in the number of cycles during which a leukocyte count below 1000 (or below 2000 in Hodgkin's disease) or platelet count below 50,000 was recorded in the splenectomized and control patients. The total dose of all drugs actually delivered, time required to complete six cycles of treatment, and the portion of patients entering complete remission were not significantly different in the two groups. We have found no evidence that splenectomy per se, in lymphoma patients without findings of hypersplenism, improves the ability to administer planned amounts of drugs during initial combination chemotherapy.
A family with red cell pyrimidine 5'-nucleotidase deficiency
Authors: Ben-Bassat I , Brok-Simoni F , Kende G , Holtzmann F , Ramot B 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Congenital hemolytic anemia associated with pyrimidine 5′-nucleotidase deficiency is reported in two siblings. Both have had moderate chronic hemolytic anemia, splenomegaly, and jaundice since early infancy. The peripheral blood smear is characterized by striking red cell basophilic stippling. As this feature has been found in all previously reported cases, it should be the clue to the diagnosis.
BENIGN PERICARDIAL EFFUSION IN THE COURSE OF CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA
Authors: FRIEDMAN NATHAN H. , SILVERMAN JACOB J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Pericarditis with effusion is a rare complication, except terminally, during the course of leukemia.
2. A patient is presented who developed a benign pericardial effusion with recovery during the course of chronic myelogenous leukemia.
THE ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF BLOOD
Authors: HIRSCH FREDERIC G. , TEXTER E. CLINTON , WOOD LLOYD A. , BALLARD WILLIAM C. , HORAN FRANCIS E. , WRIGHT IRVING S. , FREY CONSTANCE , STARR DOROTHY 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. The factors influencing blood conductivity have been noted.
2. An accurate apparatus has been designed to measure blood and plasma conductivity.
3. A new cell has been designed to measure conductivity of blood.
4. Through studies on normal blood before and after dilution, a correlation has been shown to exist between blood conductivity and the red cell count.
5. The form factor for normal human red cells has been determined to be 1.393.
6. A mathematical equation is presented relating red cell count with conductivity for normal blood.
See PDF for Equation
7. The factor C on the basis of 33 determinations has been calculated to be 10.80.
STUDIES IN ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF BLOOD CELLS
Authors: BESSIS M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The study of blood cells with the electron microscope necessitates special methods which as yet are not completely precise. The methods of smearing on Formvar, of destruction by pressing on a wet smear, and of shadow casting are those which have been used most frequently.
The author reviews the electron microscopy of thrombocytes, granulocytes and erythrocytes and discusses the ultrastructure of the hyaloplasm. Azurophilic, neutrophilic and eosinophilic granules can be very well observed with the electron microscope. Chronic and acute luekemic cells exhibit certain granules and paracrystals, the significance and specificity of which are not yet clearly established.
THE EFFECT OF DESOXYCORTICOSTERONE ACETATE AND VITAMIN C ON CHRONIC LEUKEMIA
Authors: METTIER STACY R. , ELLENHORN MATTHEW J. , GORDAN GILBERT , MCBRIDE ALICE , MILLS EDITH 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Four patients with chronic lymphatic (lymphocytic) leukemia, and 3 patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia were given ten daily treatments of desoxycorticosterone acetate (5 milligrams) and vitamin C (1 gram) parenterally.
2. No significant immediate or post-treatment effects resulting from this treatment were observed in either group.
3. Desoxycorticosterone acetate and vitamin C in combination have no lympholytic action in patients with chronic lymphatic leukemia.
THE TREATMENT OF ERYTHROBLASTOSIS FETALIS BY TRANSFUSION WITH SEDIMENTED RED CELLS
Authors: PENNELL SAMUEL 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. A method is described for the treatment of patients with erythroblastosis fetalis by the transfusion of compatible sedimented red cells from bank blood.
2. The case histories of 28 patients with erythroblastosis fetalis, treated by this method, have been analyzed. Three, or 10.7 per cent, of the patients died. This mortality rate compares favorably with other reports in which exchange transfusion was the therapeutic procedure.
3. The transfusion of sedimented red cells in 50-60 cc. amounts is sufficient to cause an adequate rise in the hemoglobin values with a minimum of load on the infant’s circulation.
4. This method, in contrast to that of exchange transfusion, has the advantage of reducing the administration of plasma to a minimum, thereby preventing further hemolysis of the infant’s red cells by enhancing the agglutinin titer. In addition, excessive amounts of extraneous substances such as sodium citrate are not given.
PLASMACYTOSIS IN DISEASES OTHER THAN THE PRIMARY PLASMACYTIC DISEASES
Authors: FADEM ROBERT S. , McBIRNIE JOHN E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. This limited study has revealed plasmacytosis of 5.4 per cent to 23.6 per cent in the bone marrow of six diseases other than the primary plasmacytic diseases.
2. The plasmacytic elements observed in these responses were predominantly mature varieties consisting of plasmacytes and degenerative plasmacytes.
3. In each of the cases described a coexisting increase of reticulum cells was observed in the bone marrow.
4. Plasmacytic elements with nuclear and cytoplasmic characteristics of reticulum cells were described and lend additional morphologic evidence to the suggested reticulum cell origin of the plasmacytic series.
5. Even though a morphologic analysis of these cells has revealed a predominance of plasmacytes and degenerative plasmacytes it has not been suggested that plasmacytic responses can be distinguished from the primary plasmacytic diseases on the morphologic appearance of the plasmacytic elements in the bone marrow. Rather, the demonstration of bone marrow plasmacytosis should be subjected to careful evaluation with consideration of other diagnostic criteria before a diagnosis of primary plasmacytic disease is made.
HEREDITARY NONSPHEROCYTIC HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
Authors: CROSBY WILLIAM H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. An hereditary hemolytic anemia is described which is normocytic and normochromic, transmitted as a mendelian dominant and not cured by splenectomy. In the family studied, the anemia was associated but not genetically linked with brachyphalangia. Acute idiopathic porphyria may also have been associated. All anemic members were of blood group A.
2. Neither the degree of anemia nor the rate of hemolysis was favorably influenced by splenectomy.
3. Various studies of erythrocyte fragility and hemoglobin metabolism are presented.
4. Although the red cells in this anemia were more resistant to fragility tests in vitro than the red cells of hereditary spherocytosis, they were more rapidly destroyed in vivo.
5. The disease is differentiated from other hereditary and hemolytic anemias. Of the hereditary anemias, this disease seems most closely to resemble hereditary spherocytosis. Yet the differences of cellular survival in vivo and in vitro and the failure of splenectomy in hereditary nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia suggest a difference in the hemolytic mechanism.
6. The demonstration of porphobilinogen in this patient suggests a possible relationship of this hereditary hemolytic anemia to hereditary porphyria.
BONE MARROW FIBROSIS DEVELOPING IN ALEUKEMIC MYELOSIS
Authors: TAYLOR H. E. , SIMPSON W. W. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. A case of aleukemic myelosis with leuko-erythroblastic anemia is presented, in which the development of extramedullary hematopoiesis in liver and spleen, and fibrosis of marrow was studied by multiple punch biopsies and eventual autopsy.
2. This case offers further support to the theory that many cases of marrow fibrosis are fundamentally leukemic in nature belonging to the group of atypical granulocytic leukemias (aleukemic myelosis).
3. The extramedullary hematopoiesis in this case was interpreted as being of leukemic nature rather than a compensatory metaplasia.
4. Since there are other definite causes of marrow fibrosis and since no adequate etiology has been found to explain some cases, it is suggested that marrow fibrosis be classified as (a) primary idiopathic or (b) marrow fibrosis secondary to aleukemic myelosis, neoplasm, chemical toxins etc.
THROMBOTIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA
Authors: SINGER KARL , MOTULSKY ARNO G. , SHANBERGE JACOB N. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (generalized platelet thromboses) is an acute febrile disease characterized by a diagnostic triad: thrombocytopenic purpura, hemolytic anemia, and transitory focal neurologic signs. Twenty cases with this condition have been reported so far. Another case is described in which the diagnosis was made ante mortem on the basis of the above criteria. Detailed hematologic, immunologic, and pigmentary studies revealed a hemolytic process unaccompanied by evidence of autoimmunization. The differential diagnosis, etiologic factors, and pathologic physiology of the disease are discussed together with the possibility that a hypersensitivity reaction might be present.
THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA COMPLICATING INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS
Authors: ANGLE RICHARD M. , ALT HOWARD L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A case has been presented in which thrombocytopenic purpura was a complication of infectious mononucleosis. A review of the literature revealed 6 other cases in which there was an association between these conditions. Serial platelet counts were made in 7 consecutive cases of infectious mononucleosis. There was a slight depression of the platelets early in the illness, followed by a thrombocytosis and a subsequent return to normal. Hypersplenism is considered as a possible cause for the thrombocytopenia in infectious mononucleosis.
TRANSMISSION OF ANTIANEMIC PRINCIPLE ACROSS THE PLACENTA AND ITS INFLUENCE ON EMBRYONIC ERYTHROPOIESIS
Authors: JONES OLIVER P. , SMITH ADOLPH 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Prehepatic embryonic erythropoiesis is influenced when normal pregnant rats are injected with potent antianemic substances.
2. Both liver extract and PGA (folic acid) cause a reduction in mean cell diameters, but the former is slightly more effective.
3. The rate of mitosis is increased and the relative proportions of individual phases altered.
4. The distribution of light areas in the cytoplasm—negative images of organoids as seen in dry smears—is altered to a greater extent by PGA than by liver extract.
5. The in vitro and in vivo action of drugs on erythropoietic cells are discussed.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ABO COMPATIBILITY AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO THE INTENSITY OF RH IMMUNIZATION
Authors: LUCIA S. P. , HUNT MARJORIE L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. A series of 1337 obstetric cases, of which 170 were instances of sensitized Rh negative women, were studied with regard to (a) the incidence of the ABO blood groups, and (b) the incidence of ABO compatibility between the mother and child.
2. The incidence of ABO compatibility between the mother and child was found to vary with the blood group of the mother.
3. ABO compatibility between the mother and child was found to be present in 80 per cent of an unselected obstetric population in contrast to 95 per cent in a group of sensitized Rh negative women who bore infants afflicted with hemolytic disease of the newborn.
4. ABO compatibility appears to be related to the occurrence of hemolytic disease of the newborn.
5. In 120 sensitized Rh negative women who bore afflicted infants, the incidence of group A mothers was greater than expected.
β-GLUCURONIDASE OF HUMAN WHITE BLOOD CELLS
Authors: ROSSITER R. J. , WONG ESTHER 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. The β-glucuronidase activity of suspensions of mixed white cells, obtained from human blood by the centrifuging technic or by flotation on gum acacia, has been studied.
2. The correlation between β-glucuronidase activity and total white-cell count was greater than that between the activity of the enzyme and either the polymorphonuclear leukocyte count or the lymphocyte count.
3. On the average, the ratio of the enzyme activity in the polymorphonuclear leukocyte to that of the lymphocyte was 5:4.
Activation of bovine factor VII by hageman factor fragments
Authors: Radcliffe R , Bagdasarian A , Colman R , Nemerson Y 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
During the early events of coagulation of human blood by the intrinsic pathway, factor XII is activated to a form which can activate factor XI, and is proteolytically fragmented to smaller species (30,000 daltons and 70,000 daltons) which have lost most of the ability to activate factor XI but which can activate prekallikrein rapidly. The effect of these fragments on factor VII was studied. It was found that these Hageman factor fragments promoted rapid proteolysis of one-chain factor VII to a more active two-chain form. The amino-terminal sequences of the chains of activated factor VII were found to be Ala- Asx-Gly- and Ile-Val-Gly-, the same as were earlier observed after activation of factor VII by activated factor X. This finding indicates that initiation of coagulation by the intrinsic pathway also primes the extrinsic pathway.
Terminal stages of erythroid differentiation: persistent production of globin messenger RNA is necessary to sustain globin synthesis
Authors: Ullu E , Farace MG , Gambari R , Orsi P , Lunadei M , Fantoni A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The kinetic relationship between the globin mRNA accumulation and the rate of synthesis of globin chains was studied during the terminal stages of differentiation in erythroid cells derived from the yolk sac of mouse fetuses. RNA derived from the whole cells and from different cell compartments were hybridized to DNA complementary to embryonic globin mRNA. The relative proportion of embryonic globin RNA molecules and their absolute number per cell were estimated on the 11th, 12th, and 13th days of mouse fetal development. During erythroid terminal differentiation globin mRNA became progressively predominant on polyribosomes along with the progressive specialization of cell functions. The number of embryonic globin RNA molecules per cell remained constant while yolk sac erythroid cells underwent two rounds of cell division. These data indicate that the transcription of globin genes is operative throughout the last stages of terminal differentiation and that there is no detectable storage of globin RNA sequences in these cells. The rates of accumulation of mRNA molecules and of globin synthesis both seem correlated to the length of the cell cycle.
The relationship of hemoglobin synthesis to erythroid colony and burst formation
Authors: Eliason JF , Van Zant G , Goldwasser E 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We have demonstrated that the cyclohexanone method for the extraction of hematin can be used to measure hemoglobin synthesis induced by erythropoietin (epo) in mouse bone marrow cells cultured in medium containing methyl cellulose. The time course of hemoglobin synthesis by mouse marrow cells showed two effects due to epo: an increase in hemoglobin synthesis at day 2, which corresponded to the formation of small erythroid colonies resulting from the CFU-E (colony-forming unit, erythroid), and a very large increase in hemoglobin synthesis, which was maximal at days 7–8 and corresponded to the formation of large erythroid colonies (bursts) resulting from the BFU-E (burst-forming unit, erythroid). The epo dose-response curves for CFU-E colony counts and day-2 hemoglobin synthesis were similar, and the cell-number- response curves for these two paramaters were parallel. The epo dose- response curve for BFU-E colony counts reached a plateau at an epo concentration between 3 and 5 units/ml, whereas the dose-response curve for 6–8-day hemoglobin synthesis did not reach a plateau even at an epo dose of 10 units/ml.
Serum erythropoietin concentration in chronic renal failure: relationship to degree of anemia and excretory renal function
Authors: Radtke HW , Claussner A , Erbes PM , Scheuermann EH , Schoeppe W , Koch KM 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
By use of the fetal mouse liver cell assay, serum erythropoietin (SEp) concentration was measured in 135 patients at various stages of chronic renal failure and in 59 healthy subjects. In patients with creatinine clearances (CCr) ranging from 2 to 40 ml/min/1.73 sq m, endocrine renal function was found to deteriorate in parallel to excretory renal function. The known negative correlation between SEp and hematocrit (Hct) was not apparent, probably because of the loss of renal mass accompanying progress of anemia and renal insufficiency. In contrast, in patients with minimal variation of residual excretory renal function, as in individual patients investigated repeatedly within a short period of time, changes of Hct were always accompanied by opposite changes of corresponding SEp concentrations. Thus, patients with chronic renal failure have a sustained regulatory feedback mechanism between Hct and SEp, which probably works at a lower level.