bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New tribal delimitations for the early diverging lineages of Apiaceae subfamily Apioideae
Authors: Magee Anthony R. , Calviño Carolina I. , Liu Mei (Rebecca) , Downie Stephen R. , Tilney Patricia M. , Wyk Ben-Erik van 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPhylogenetic analyses of the cpDNA trnQ–trnK5′ exon region for 27 genera and 42 species of Saniculoideae and early diverging lineages of Apioideae were carried out to assess or confirm the tribal placements of the following anomalous genera: Annesorhiza, Astydamia, Chamarea, Choritaenia, Ezosciadium, Itasina, Lichtensteinia, Marlothiella, Molopospermum and Phlyctidocarpa. To accommodate these unique early diverging members of the Apiaceae and to reflect their relationships, a new tribal classification system has become necessary. Many of the early diverging genera (herein referred to as the protoapioids) can readily be distinguished from the euapioids (the remaining apioids) by the presence of scattered druse crystals in the mesocarp. The major morphological discontinuity within the family, however, lies between the combined protoapioids and euapioids (representing an expanded Apioideae s.l., including the Saniculoideae) and the subfamilies Azorelloideae and Mackinlayoideae. The broadened subfamily Apioideae is diagnostically different from the other subfamilies in the absence of rhomboidal crystals, the presence of druse crystals scattered throughout the mesocarp (subsequently lost in the euapioids), and the non–woody endocarp. No such diagnostic characters are available to support the traditional or recently expanded concept of Saniculoideae. The broadened concept of Apioideae is also supported by the sporadic presence of true wings. This character can be variously interpreted from a phylogenetic point of view, but nevertheless has considerable diagnostic value. A new tribal classification system for the protoapioids is proposed on the basis of molecular, morphological and anatomical evidence. This new system is intended to be practical and non–hierarchical to allow for future realignments amongst the tribes, as more evidence becomes available. It makes provision for hitherto poorly known African taxa and comprises the following eight tribes, five of which are newly described: Annesorhizeae, Choritaenieae, Heteromorpheae, Lichtensteinieae, Marlothielleae, Phlyctidocarpeae, Saniculeae and Steganotaenieae.
Plant DNA barcoding: A test using Macaronesian taxa of Tolpis (Asteraceae)
Authors: Mort Mark E. , Crawford Daniel J. , Archibald Jenny K. , O'Leary T. Ryan , Santos-Guerra Arnoldo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTwo combinations (designated as options 1 and 2) of four plastid markers (matK, rpoC1, rpoB, psbA–trnH) that have been recommended for DNA barcoding were tested for utility in a putatively recently–diversified group: the primarily Canarian clade within the genus Tolpis (Asteraceae). Prior studies had indicated very little molecular variation in the group, and thus it was used to determine whether accepted taxa, segregate species, and morphological variants ostensibly deserving taxonomic recognition could be distinguished employing regions proposed as useful for DNA barcoding. The regions, particularly option 2, separated all morphologically distinct species of Tolpis except one, and distinguished one segregate species and certain variants in a morphologically variable and intergrading group (comprising both the T. laciniata and T. lagopoda species complexes). The barcoding sequences also revealed several variants that are worthy of additional study in order to further understand the diversity of Tolpis in the Canary Islands.
A rapid and cost–efficient DMSO–based method for isolating DNA from cultured lichen photobionts
Authors: del Campo Eva M. , Hoyo Alicia del , Casano Leonardo M. , Martínez-Alberola Fernando , Barreno Eva 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe have developed a simple and fast procedure for the purification of PCR–quality DNA from cultured lichen photobionts. This new one–step method uses the solvent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) combined with heat treatment to chemically breakdown algal and plant tissues. The DMSO–DNA extracts may be directly precipitated and purified by standard techniques in a total time of approximately 30 min. Compared to other DNA extraction protocols, the DMSO–based method suppresses the need for liquid nitrogen, any extraction buffer, grinding, phenol, and long incubation or centrifugation steps, thereby considerably reducing the possibility of contamination. In addition, minimal amounts of starting material (5 × 106–20 × 106 cells from liquid or agarized cultures) produce sufficient DNA for 200 PCR reactions approximately, making this protocol a practical option for colony screening. This method works well in a wide range of cultured lichen photobionts and reduces the amount of labor–intensive steps and time consumed by other multi–step procedures, allowing for efficient processing of an increased number of samples.
Species abundance, distribution and diversity in time and space after centuries of botanical collecting in the Guianas
Authors: Haripersaud Padmattie , Steege Hans ter , Granville Jean-Jacques de , Chevillotte Hervé , Hoff Michel 
Published: February 2019

AbstractFor centuries, botanists have collected plant specimens across the Guianas (Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana). In this paper, we describe the construction of a comprehensive angiosperm specimen database for the Guianas and examine: (1) the historical accumulation of species and specimens; (2) the pattern of geographical expansion of collecting efforts; (3) the distribution of specimen records among families, genera, species, growth forms and countries. The cleaned database contained 168,487 specimen records belonging to 7146 species. The specimen records showed uneven distribution among families, genera, species, growth forms and countries. Although there was some species overlap between and among countries, unique species were collected in each country. Despite the high collecting efforts, many areas still remain under–collected.
The conservation of Acacia with A. penninervis as conserved type
Authors: McNeill John , Turland Nicholas J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe suggestion that the procedure by which the Nomenclature Section of the XVII International Botanical Congress in Vienna in 2005 approved the conservation of the name Acacia with A. penninervis as conserved type was “invalid” and that as a result the conservation proposal was not approved by that Congress is demonstrated to be false. The corollary suggestion that the inclusion of Acacia as a conserved name in the Vienna Code might be questioned at the next Congress when that Code is proposed for ratification is consequently untenable and contrary to Art. 14.8 of the ICBN. An alternative procedure for those who feel that retaining A. penninervis as the type of Acacia will lead to disadvantageous nomenclatural changes is outlined. The authors acknowledge that the process for handling recommendations on conservation, especially by the Nomenclature Section, requires both clarification and improvement and they commit the Bureau of Nomenclature for the XVIII IBC to address this in co–operation with the General Committee and other interested parties.
Evolution and biogeography of alpine apomictic plants
Authors: Hörandl Elvira 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAsexual organisms often occupy larger and more northern distribution areas than their sexual relatives, and tend to colonize more frequently previously glaciated areas. These phenomena, summarized under the term "geographical partheno ‐ genesis", seem to imply a short‐term advantage of asexual reproduction. Alpine biota, for instance, with their short growing seasons, cold climates and climatic histories shaped by glaciations are predisposed for the evolution and spread of apomictic plants. However, patterns and causes of geographical parthenogenesis for alpine species remain elusive, and for many alpine taxa the mode of reproduction is only poorly characterized. A survey of apomictic species in the European Alps presents some examples and case studies on geographical parthenogenesis. The distribution pattern may be explained by better colonizing abilities of asexual organisms because of uniparental reproduction. Apomixis has been advantageous for re‐colonization of the Alps after the retreat of glaciers, because of their ability to rapidly found populations via single individuals (Baker's Law). Asexual organisms also may perform better in diverse and narrow ecological niches. The distributional superiority of asexuals has also been attributed to indirect advantages of hybridity and/or polyploidy. Sexual hybrids or polyploids, however, when compared to sexual diploid progenitors, do not show patterns of geographical parthenogenesis. However, in the Alps, climatic oscillations may have triggered range fluctuations of species and breakdown of crossing barriers. Interspecific hybridization and polyploidy may have spurred recurrent origins of asexuality, while decreasing the fitness of sexual progenitor species. Biogeographical history in combination with the intrinsic advantages of apomixis may explain best the relative success of alpine apomictic plants.
Gentianella (Gentianaceae): A model taxon for evolution in the Alps
Authors: Greimler Josef , Park Jeong-Mi , Schneeweiss Hanna 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMost taxa of European Gentianella sect. Gentianella are members of the group of Gentianella germanica, which is represented with 11 of its 15 taxa in the Alps. However, due to often minor morphological differentiation many of these taxa are lumped into informal aggregates. We give here an overview on taxonomy, distribution, and regional patterns in groups of closely related taxa and discuss evolutionary scenarios essentially based on morphological and AFLP evidence from earlier studies and new cpDNA RFLP data. Pleistocene climatic oscillations have obviously driven evolution in this group and have favoured cryptic speciation in G. germanica agg. resulting in the two widespread taxaG. germanica and G. rhaetica that may have come in secondary contact after the last glaciation in the western Alps. Other regional and local endemics from G. anisodonta agg. such as G. engadinensis and G. liburnica may represent peripheral isolates of G. anisodonta separated from this taxon by peripatric or parapatric speciation. There is also evidence for complex scenarios of introgression and reticulate evolution among G. rhaetica, G. obtusifolia, and G. austriaca in the eastern Alps. Such reticulate patterns and/or ancient polymorphism towards southjournalTitleeastern Europe may be the reason for unclear relationships within G. austriaca agg. and its relation to other taxa.
Biosystematic study of the diploid‐polyploid Pilosella alpicola group with variation in breeding system: Patterns and processes
Authors: Šingliarová Barbora , Hodálová Iva , Mráz Patrik 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMembers of the Pilosella alpicola species group (Asteraceae) are distributed throughout the alpine region of the European mountains (Alps, Carpathians, Balkan mountains). Like other Pilosella species groups (Hieracium subg. Pilosella), the taxonomy and species' relationships are poorly understood mostly due to widespread facultative apomixis, frequent hybridization and polyploidization—the most important phenomena substantially involved in the evolutionary history of the genus. We assessed morphology, ploidy level, variation in breeding system and molecular variation within the P. alpicola group to provide a new taxonomic concept and to clarify evolutionary relationships among species and origin of polyploids. Multivariate morphometric analyses (UPGMA, CDA, PCA) applied on 324 plants originated from 21 populations revealed existence of four well‐separated clusters corresponding to four allopatric taxa: P. alpicola s. str. (Alps), P. rhodopea (Balkan Peninsula, Southern Carpathians), P. serbica (Serbia and Montenegro) and P. ullepitschii (Carpathians). In total, four ploidy levels (2x, 3x, 4x, 5x) were detected among 557 plants analysed from 19 populations by classical chromosome counting and flow cytometric analysis. The tetra‐ and pentaploids of P. alpicola s. str. have an allopatric distribution (Wallis Alps vs. Dolomites, respectively). Four ploidy levels with complex cytogeographic pattern and high frequency of mixed ploidy populations (75%) indicating a primary contact zone were recorded in P. rhodopea. Pilosella ullepitschii and P. serbica are exclusively diploid and are both sexually reproducing. In spite of a clear morphological separation, a molecular analysis (ITS and cpDNA sequences) suggests close relationships and rather recent origin of all studied taxa, except P. alpicola s. str. The latter taxon is an agamospermic allopolyploid that likely originated polytopi cally from a hybridization between P. rhodopea from the Balkans and P. glacialis from the Alps. In contrast to P. alpicola s. str., our data strongly support an autopolyploid origin of P. rhodopea polyploids which reproduced strictly sexually. Pilosella petraea, sometimes treated as a member of the P. alpicola group, differs from the remaining taxa by its conspicuous morphology, ecology and ITS polymorphism and should be removed from the group. Range shifts and extinctions were likely involved in shaping the evolutionary and modern distributional pattern of the group. Our combined methodological approach enabled us to propose a new taxonomic circumscription for the P. alpicola group and revealed auto‐ and allopolyploidization events.
An updated phylogeny and classification of Lamiaceae subfamily Lamioideae
Authors: Bendiksby Mika , Thorbek Lisbeth , Scheen Anne-Cathrine , Lindqvist Charlotte , Ryding Olof 
Published: February 2019

AbstractLamioideae comprise the second‐largest subfamily in Lamiaceae. Although considerable progress has recently been made in Lamioideae phylogenetics, the subfamily remains one of the most poorly investigated subfamilies in Lamiaceae. Here we present a taxonomic update of the subfamily based on earlier published data as well as 71 new DNA extracts from relevant in‐ and outgroup taxa, and DNA sequence data from four chloroplast regions (matK, rps16, trnL intron and trnL‐F spacer). The phylogenetic positions of 10 out of 13 previously unplaced small or monotypic Asian lamioid genera and 37 additional lamioid species have been identified, and the classification is updated accordingly. Results from parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic methods corroborate earlier results, but phylogenetic resolution as well as overall branch support are improved. All newly added genera are assigned to earlier established tribes or the new tribe Paraphlomideae Bendiksby, which includes Ajugoides, Matsumurella and Paraphlomis. Acanthoprasium is resurrected as a genus. Transfer of species is proposed to ac ‐ commodate the monophyly of two genera (Lamium, Otostegia), whereas ten genera remain non‐monophyletic (Ballota s. str., Lagopsis, Leonotis, Leonurus, Leucas, Microtoena, Phlomoides, Sideritis, Stachys, Thuspeinanta). Eriophyton and Stachyopsis have been included in Lamieae, Hypogomphia in Stachydeae, and Loxocalyx in Leonureae. Betonica, Colquhounia, Galeopsis, and Roylea remain unclassified at the tribal level. Lamium chinense and three East Asian Galeobdolon species are transferred to Matsumurella. Sulaimania and four Otostegia species are transferred to Moluccella . Alajja and three Lamium species are transferred to Eriophyton. In total, 14 new combinations are made, one at the rank of subgenus and 13 at the rank of species.
Evolution of the central Mediterranean Centaurea cineraria group (Asteraceae): Evidence for relatively recent, allopatric diversification following transoceanic seed dispersal
Authors: Hilpold Andreas , Schönswetter Peter , Susanna Alfonso , Garcia-Jacas Núria , Vilatersana Roser 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe explored the spatiotemporal diversification of the Centaurea cineraria group based on AFLP fingerprints and plastid DNA sequences applied to a broad sampling of Central Mediterranean taxa of the Acrolophus subgroup. Despite its morphological distinctness, monophyly of the C. cineraria group was not supported by our data. A distinct lineage mostly re ‐ stricted to Sicily (the Sicily group) comprised some members of the C. cineraria group but also included C. parlatoris, assumed to be a member of the C. dissecta group. The relationships of the Sicily group with other members of the Acrolophus subgroup could not be clarified. Molecular dating supported recent, presumably allopatric diversification whose onset dates back to less than 250,000 years within the Sicily group. Tunisia, the Aeolian Islands and the Island Ventotene in the central Tyrrhenian Sea were likely colonised from Sicily. The young age of diversification within the Sicily group rejects land bridges between Africa and Sicily, which were only available during significantly older periods, in favour of transoceanic seed dispersal. Dispersal might have been favoured by low sea levels during cold stages of the Pleistocene. The molecular data indicate that taxonomy of the C. cineraria group needs to be revised..
Testing the viability of seeds from old herbarium specimens for conservation purposes
Authors: Godefroid Sandrine , Van de Vyver Ann , Stoffelen Piet , Robbrecht Elmar , Vanderborght Thierry 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPlant collections in herbaria are potentially valuable seed sources for conservation and recovery. This paper explores the feasibility of "resurrecting" 26 extinct taxa from the Belgian flora by analysing the viability of seeds from old herbarium specimens that had been stored for 23 to 158 years. Seed viability was estimated by performing germination tests according to standard procedures. Germination was achieved for eight seeds from three herbarium specimens of a single species, Bupleurum tenuissimum, aged 101, 125 and 144 years. Seed maturity, storage conditions and seed senescence were the main factors influencing the viability of the investigated seeds.
Report of the Nomenclature Committee for Algae: 10
Authors: Prud'homme van Reine Willem F. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIt is recommended that the name Dasya baillouviana not be conserved with a conserved type; the committee is undecided on the proposal to conserve Achnanthes brevipes against A. adnata, A. bacillarioides, and A. dubia, and is seeking more comments by diatom specialists. Sycidium and Sykidion were considered not sufficiently alike to be confused, but the committee is undecided on the confusability of Sycidiaceae with Sykidiaceae and Sycidiales with Sykidiales. Recommendations are made on the membership of the Special Committee on Harmonization of the Nomenclature of Cyanophyta/Cyanobacteria established in 2005 but yet to be set up. The Committee's views on some modifications to the ICBN are presented including some proposals that might be made from the floor at the forthcoming Congress in Melbourne.
Systematics and evolution of the needle grasses (Poaceae: Pooideae: Stipeae) based on analysis of multiple chloroplast loci, ITS, and lemma micromorphology
Authors: Romaschenko Konstantin , Peterson Paul M. , Soreng Robert J. , Garcia-Jacas Nuria , Futorna Oksana , Susanna Alfonso 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe conducted a molecular phylogenetic study of the tribe Stipeae using nine plastid DNA sequences (trnK‐matK, matK, trnH‐psbA, trnL‐F, rps3, ndhF, rpl32‐trnL, rps16‐trnK, rps16intron), the nuclear ITS DNA regions, and micromorphological characters from the lemma surface. Our large original dataset includes 156 accessions representing 139 species of Stipeae representing all genera currently placed in the tribe. The maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of DNA sequences provide strong support for the monophyly of Stipeae; including, in phylogenetic order,Macrochloaas remote sister lineage to all other Stipeae, then a primary stepwise divergence of three deep lineages with a saw‐like (SL) lemma epidermal pattern (a plesiomorphic state). The next split is between a lineage (SL1) which bifurcates into separate Eurasian and American clades, and a lineage of three parts; a smallPatis(SL2) clade, as sister toPiptatherums.str. (SL3), and the achnatheroid clade (AC). The AC exhibits a maize‐like lemma epidermal pattern throughout. AC consists of a core clade of Austral‐Eurasian distribution and a “major American clade” of North and South American distribution. The base chromosome number for Stipeae is somewhat ambiguous but based on our survey it seems most likely to bex= 11 or 12. Our phylogenetic hypothesis supports the recognition of the following genera and groups (listed by region): Eurasia—Achnatherum, “Miliacea group”, “Neotrinia” (monotypic),Orthoraphium(monotypic),Patis(also 1 from North America),Piptatherums.str.,Psammochloa(monotypic),Ptilagrostis, Stipa, “Timouriagroup”, andTrikeraia; Mediterranean—Ampelodesmos(monotypic),Celtica(monotypic),Macrochloa(monotypic), and “Stipella‐Inaequiglumes group”; Australasia—Anemanthele(monotypic), andAustrostipa; North America (NA)—“Eriocomagroup”,Hesperostipa,Oryzopsis(monotypic),Piptatheropsis, “Pseudoeriocoma group”, and “Stillmania” (monotypic); South America—Aciachne, Amelichloa(also NA),Anatherostipa(s.str.),Jarava(polyphyletic),Lorenzochloa,Nassella(also NA),Ortachne, Pappostipa(also NA), andPiptochaetium(also NA). Monophyly of Phaenospermateae including Duthieinae is demonstrated, and its inclusion within or treatment as sister to Stipeae is rejected.
Phylogenetic placement of the enigmatic orchid genera Thaia and Tangtsinia: Evidence from molecular and morphological characters
Authors: Xiang Xiao-Guo , Li De-Zhu , Jin Wei-Tao , Zhou Hai-Lang , Li Jian-Wu , Jin Xiao-Hua 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe phylogenetic position of two enigmatic Asian orchid genera, Thaia and Tangtsinia, were inferred from molecular data and morphological evidence. An analysis of combined plastid data (rbcL+matK+psaB) using Bayesian and parsimony methods revealed that Thaia is a sister group to the higher epidendroids, and tribe Neottieae is polyphyletic unless Thaia is removed. Morphological evidence, such as plicate leaves and corms, the structure of the gynostemium and the micromorphology of pollinia, also indicates that Thaia should be excluded from Neottieae. Thaieae, a new tribe, is therefore tentatively established. Using Bayesian and parsimony methods, analyses of combined plastid and nuclear datasets (rbcL, matK, psaB, trnL-F, ITS, Xdh) confirmed that the monotypic genus Tangtsinia was nested within and is synonymous with the genus Cephalanthera, in which an apical stigma has evolved independently at least twice. The tribe Neottieae (excluding Thaia) is strongly supported as monophyletic based on molecular analyses and divided into three clades as follows: Palmorchis diverged earliest; Cephalanthera (including the former Tangtsinia) is sister to the remaining of the genera; and Aphyllorchis is immediate sister to Limodorum, forming a third clade with Neottia Guett. (including Listera) and Epipactis.
Lectotypification of the name Eleutheranthera ovata Poit. (Asteraceae: Ecliptinae)
Authors: Orchard Anthony E. , Wilson Annette J.G. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDiscovery of three sheets of original material of the name Eleutheranthera ovata Poit. in the herbarium of the Museum national d'Histoire naturelle in Paris permits the lectotypification of this (now rejected) name.