bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of ABCB1 and P2Y12 genetic variants on clinical outcomes in Chinese intracranial artery stenosis patients
Authors: Li Xingang , Jiang Liqun , Sun Shusen , Li Wei , Li Xiaoqing , Miao Zhongrong , Zhao Zhigang , Ma Ning 
Published: April 2018

SummaryFor intracranial artery stenosis patients, high inter‐individual variability in response to antiplatelet drug therapy results in recurrent ischaemic events. We aimed to evaluate the association of drug‐related genetic polymorphisms with adverse clinical outcomes. We consecutively enrolled 157 patients receiving dual‐antiplatelet therapy (aspirin plus clopidogrel), and adverse clinical events occurred in 10 patients during the 1 year follow‐up. The P2Y12 polymorphisms (rs9859538 and rs10935842) were associated with increased likelihood of relapse events (OR = 2.934, 95% CI = 1.022‐8.425, P‐value = .045), and the 2 variants are in complete linkage disequilibrium. The mutation of ABCB1 rs1128503 may decrease the recurrence of clinical events (OR = 0.211, 95% CI = 0.046‐0.957, P‐value = .044). Genetic testing (ABCB1 and P2Y12) may provide useful information to prevent ischaemic events prior to the initiation of antiplatelet therapy.
Low doses of Paclitaxel repress breast cancer invasion through DJ‐1/KLF17 signalling pathway
Authors: Ismail Ismail Ahmed , El‐Sokkary Gamal H , Saber Saber H 
Published: April 2018

SummaryPaclitaxel (taxol) is an important agent against many tumours, including breast cancer. Ample data documents that paclitaxel inhibits breast cancer metastasis while others prove that paclitaxel enhances breast cancer metastasis. The mechanisms by which paclitaxel exerts its action are not well established. This study focuses on the effect of paclitaxel, particularly the low doses on breast cancer metastasis and the mechanisms that regulate it. Current results show that, paclitaxel exerts significant cytotoxicity even at low doses in both MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 cells. Interestingly, paclitaxel significantly inhibits cell invasion and migration, decreases Snail and increases E‐cadherin mRNA expression levels at the indicated low doses. Furthermore, paclitaxel‐inhibiting breast cancer metastasis is associated with down‐regulation of DJ‐1 and ID‐1 mRNA expression level with a concurrent increase in KLF17 expression. Under the same experimental conditions, paclitaxel induces KLF17 and concurrently represses ID‐1 protein levels. Our results show for the first time that paclitaxel inhibits breast cancer metastasis through regulating DJ‐1/KLF17/ID‐1 signalling pathway; repressed DJ‐1 and ID‐1 and enhanced KLF17 expression.
PRIVATIZING PUNISHMENT: TESTING THEORIES OF PUBLIC SUPPORT FOR PRIVATE PRISON AND IMMIGRATION DETENTION FACILITIES
Authors: ENNS PETER K. , RAMIREZ MARK D. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe transfer of authority over the supervision of inmate populations from state and federal governments to private corporations is one of the most significant contemporary developments in the criminal justice system. Yet, the controversy surrounding the private prison industry has occurred in U.S. criminal justice policy circles without any understanding of the public's preferences toward these institutions. In this article, we test several theories that potentially explain opinions toward privatizing carceral institutions: the racial animus, business is better, conflict of interest, and problem‐escalation models. These models are tested with original data from the 2014 Cooperative Congressional Election Survey. The data show that opinions toward the privatization of carceral institutions do not neatly fall along partisan or ideological divisions but are explained by beliefs about racial resentment, corporate ethics, and the potential ability of private companies to provide services cheaper than the public sphere. The results hold important implications for how we understand the future of private carceral institutions in the United States.
Redescription of Gigantspinosaurus sichuanensis (Dinosauria, Stegosauria) from the Late Jurassic of Sichuan, Southwestern China
Authors: HAO Baoqiao , ZHANG Qiannan , PENG Guangzhao , YE Yong , YOU Hailu 
Published: April 2018

AbstractGigantspinosaurus sichuanensis is one of the six Stegosauria genera discovered from the Sichuan basin, which preserves the first skin impressions of stegosaurs around the world and a huge pair of ‘comma’ ‐shaped parascapular spines kept in situ, and being named after the latter feature. The holotype was firstly named and reported in an abstract of a lecture by Ouyang, 1992, since when it has never been detailed studied and the taxonomic position of Gigantspinosaurus is also vague. The morphological redescription shows that G. sichuanensis is a medium‐sized stegosaur, with external mandibular foramen developed. The ratio of femur to humerus is large, and the intersacral fenestrae are big. According to the wear degree of teeth, the holotype of G. sichuanensis is regarded as an adult individual. On the basis of the recent data matrix of stegosaurs and the characters revisions of G. sichuanensis, its phylogenetic position has been determined again. By our detailed morphological and phylogenetic analysis, G. sichuanensis is considered to inherit some primitive traits, but it is more derived than Huayangosaurus, and located in a transitional position between Huayangosaurus and Tuojiangosaurus, as a kind of evolved stegosaurs. The ancestors of Stegosauria are small and quadruped, with primitive ornithopod‐like skull, and grow leaf‐shaped teeth, a large number of bone plates.
Late Triassic Granites From the Quxu Batholith Shedding a New Light on the Evolution of the Gangdese Belt in Southern Tibet
Authors: MENG Yuanku , XU Zhiqin , XU Yang , MA Shiwei 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe Gangdese magmatic belt formed during Late Triassic to Neogene in the southernmost Lhasa terrane of the Tibetan plateau. It is interpreted as a major component of a continental margin related to the northward subduction of the Neo‐Tethys oceanic slab beneath Eurasia and it is the key in understanding the tectonic framework of southern Tibet prior to the India‐Eurasia collision. It is widely accepted that northward subduction of the Neo‐Tethys oceanic crust formed the Gangdese magmatic belt, but the occurrence of Late Triassic magmatism and the detailed tectonic evolution of southern Tibet are still debated. This work presents new zircon U‐Pb‐Hf isotope data and whole‐rock geochemical compositions of a mylonitic granite pluton in the central Gangdese belt, southern Tibet. Zircon U‐Pb dating from two representative samples yields consistent ages of 225.3±1.8 Ma and 229.9±1.5 Ma, respectively, indicating that the granite pluton was formed during the early phase of Late Triassic instead of Early Eocene (47–52 Ma) as previously suggested. Geochemically, the mylonitic granite pluton has a sub‐alkaline composition and low‐medium K calc‐alkaline affinities and it can be defined as an I‐type granite with metaluminous features (A/CNK<1.1). The analyzed samples are characterized by strong enrichments of LREE and pronounced depletions of Nb, Ta and Ti, suggesting that the granite was generated in an island‐arc setting. However, the use of tectonic discrimination diagrams indicates a continental arc setting. Zircon Lu‐Hf isotopes indicate that the granite has highly positive ∊Hf(t) values ranging from +13.91 to +15.54 (mean value +14.79), reflecting the input of depleted mantle material during its magmatic evolution, consistent with Mg# numbers. Additionally, the studied samples also reveal relatively young Hf two‐stage model ages ranging from 238 Ma to 342 Ma (mean value 292 Ma), suggesting that the pluton was derived from partial melting of juvenile crust. Geochemical discrimination diagrams also suggest that the granite was derived from partial melting of the mafic lower crust. Taking into account both the spatial and temporal distribution of the mylonitic granite, its geochemical fingerprints as well as previous studies, we propose that the northward subduction of the Neo‐Tethys oceanic slab beneath the Lhasa terrane had already commenced in Late Triassic (∼230 Ma), and that the Late Triassic magmatic events were formed in an active continental margin that subsequently evolved into the numerous subterranes, paleo‐island‐arcs and multiple collision phases that form the present southern Tibet.
Geochemistry and Petrogenesis of Intracontinental Basaltic Volcanism on the Northwest Arabian Plate, Gaziantep Basin, Southeast Anatolia, Turkey
Authors: KÜRÜM Sevcan , BÖLÜCÜ Abdurrahman , URAL Melek 
Published: April 2018

AbstractVolcanism along the northwest boundary of the Arabian Plate found in the Gaziantep Basin, southeast Turkey, is of Miocene age and is of alkaline and calc‐alkaline basic composition. The rare earth element data for both compositional series indicates spinel–peridotite source areas. The rare earth and trace elements of the alkaline lavas originate from a highly primitive and slightly contaminated asthenospheric mantle; those of the calc‐alkaline lavas originate from a highly heterogeneous, asthenospheric, and lithospheric mantle source. Partial melting and magmatic differentiation processes played a role in the formation of the petrological features of these volcanics. These rocks form two groups on the basis of their87Sr/86Sr and143Nd/144Nd isotopic compositions in addition to their classifications based on their chemical compositions (alkaline and calc‐alkaline). These isotopic differences indicate a dissimilar parental magma. Therefore, high Nd isotope samples imply a previously formed and highly primitive mantle whereas low Nd isotope samples may indicate comparable partial melting of an enriched heterogeneous shallow mantle. Other isotopic changes that do not conform to the chemical features of these lavas are partly related to the various tectonic events of the region, such as the Dead Sea Fault System and the Bitlis Suture Zone.
Petrological and Geochemical Constraints on the Protoliths of Serpentine‐Magnetite Ores in the Zhaoanzhuang Iron Deposit, Southern North China Craton
Authors: MENG Jie , LI Houmin , LI Lixing , SANTOSH M. , SONG Zhe , YANG Xiuqing 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe uncommon Mg‐rich and Ti‐poor Zhaoanzhuang serpentine‐magnetite ores within Taihua Group of the North China Craton (NCC) remain unclear whether the protolith was sourced from ultramafic rocks or chemical sedimentary sequences. Here we present integrated petrographic and geochemical studies to characterize the protoliths and to gain insights on the ore‐forming processes. Iron ores mainly contain low‐Ti magnetite (TiO2 ∼0.1wt%) and serpentine (Mg#=92.42–96.55), as well as residual olivine (Fo=89–90), orthopyroxene (En=89–90) and hornblende. Magnetite in the iron ores shows lower Al, Sc, Ti, Cr, Zn relative to that from ultramafic Fe‐Ti‐V iron ores, but similar to that from metamorphic chemical sedimentary iron deposit. In addition, interstitial minerals of dolomite, calcite, apatite and anhydrite are intergrown with magnetite and serpentine, revealing they were metamorphic, but not magmatic or late hydrothermal minerals. Wall rocks principally contain magnesian silicates of olivine (Fo=83–87), orthopyroxene (En=82–86), humite (Mg#=82–84) and hornblende [XMg=0.87–0.96]. Dolomite, apatite and anhydrite together with minor magnetite, thorianite (Th‐rich oxide) and monazite (LREE‐rich phosphate) are often seen as relicts or inclusions within magnesian silicates in the wall rocks, revealing that they were primary or earlier metamorphic minerals than magnesian silicates. And olivine exists as subhedral interstitial texture between hornblende, which shows later formation of olivine than hornblende and does not conform with sequence of magmatic crystallization. All these mineralogical features thus bias towards their metamorphic, rather than magmatic origin. The dominant chemical components of the iron ores are SiO2 (4.77–25.23wt%), Fe2O3T (32.9–80.39wt%) and MgO (5.72–27.17wt%) and uniformly, those of the wall rocks are also SiO2 (16.34–48.72wt%), MgO (16.71–33.97wt%) and Fe2O3T (6.98–30.92wt%). The striking high Fe‐Mg‐Si contents reveal that protolith of the Zhaoanzhuang iron deposit was more likely to be chemical sedimentary rocks. The distinct high‐Mg feature and presence of abundant anhydrite possibly indicate it primarily precipitated in a confined seawater basin under an evaporitic environment. Besides, higher contents of Al, Ti, P, Th, U, Pb, REE relative to other Precambrian iron‐rich chemical precipitates (BIF) suggest some clastic terrestrial materials were probably input. As a result, we think the Zhaoanzhuang iron deposit had experienced the initial Fe‐Mg‐Si marine precipitation, followed by further Mg enrichment through marine evaporated process, subsequent high‐grade metamorphism and late‐stage hydrothermal fluid modification.
A Multi–fluid Constrain for the Forming of Potash Deposits in the Savannakhet Basin: Geochemical Evidence from Halite
Authors: REN Qianhui , DU Yongsheng , GAO Donglin , LI Binkai , ZHANG Xiying , LIU Xiuting , YUAN Xiaolong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe Khorat Plateau on the Indochina Terrane is known to have formed during the closure of the Tethys Ocean, although the origin of its potash mineral deposits is a topic of current debate. Data from a borehole on Savannakhet Basin is used in this study to re‐define the evaporation processes of the study area. Geochemical analyses of halite from various borehole‐derived evaporite strata have elucidated the fluid sources from which these ores formed. Measured δ11B indicated that ore deposits formed primarily due to evaporation of seawater, although non‐marine fluids affected the later stages of the evaporation process. Fluctuations in B and Br concentrations in carnallite‐ and sylvite‐rich strata indicate the influence of fresh water. Boron concentration in carnallite unit indicated the influence of hydrothermal fluids. From the relative timings of these various fluid influxes, the evolution of these evaporates can be divided into four stages: (1) an initial marine evaporation at the beginning of the deposit's formation, where seawater (and minor fresh water) trapped on the uplifted Khorat Plateau produced sediments and salts with Br contents lower than those of normal marine‐derived evaporites; (2) a transgression stage, where seawater recharged the basin; (3) a hydrothermal infiltration stage, which was coeval with the late Yanshan movement; and (4) a stage of fresh water supply, as recorded by fluctuations in B and Br contents, inferring intermittent fresh water influx into the basin. Thus, although evaporites on the Savannakhet Basin primarily formed via marine evaporation, they were also influenced to a significant degree by the addition of non–marine fresh water and hydrothermal fluids.
Customer‐based Concentration and Firm Innovation
Authors: Shen Huayu , Xia Ning , Zhang Jun 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBased on a sample of listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen, China from 2007 to 2015, this paper discusses the relationship between customer concentration and corporate innovation. The results show that this relationship is nonlinear and U‐shaped. In addition, this paper finds that when the bargaining power of large customers is weak and the level of supply chain integration is high, the U‐shaped relationship becomes more significant. Additional analyses show that the U‐shaped relationship between customer concentration and corporate innovation is more significant for non‐state‐owned enterprises and those with lower levels of cash holding.
Efficacy of low‐molecular‐weight heparin on the outcomes of in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection pregnancy in non‐thrombophilic women: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Yang Xiu‐Li , Chen Fei , Yang Xiu‐Ying , Du Guan‐Hua , Xu Yang 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of low‐molecular‐weight heparin on pregnancy outcomes in women without thrombophilia during in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection treatment.Material and methodsWe searched Pubmed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane and CNKI (from inception to 2 February 2018). Our study identified randomized controlled trials or quasi‐randomized controlled trials comparing low‐molecular‐weight heparin subcutaneous treatment with no treatment or only luteal support control. The outcomes included live birth rate, clinical pregnancy rate and miscarriage rate.ResultsFive trials, including 935 women receiving in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection treatment, were included in meta‐analyses. There were 458 women receiving low‐molecular‐weight heparin and 477 in the control group. No significant differences for live birth rate, clinical pregnancy rate and miscarriage rate were found between the low‐molecular‐weight heparin and control groups. Of them, four trials reported live birth rate as an outcome and the risk ratio was 1.13 (95% confidence interval 0.88–1.43, p = 0.34). All five trials reported clinical pregnancy rate as an outcome, the risk ratio was 1.08 (95% confidence interval 0.87–1.32, p = 0.47). Three trials reported miscarriage rate and the risk ratio was 0.58 (95% confidence interval 0.30–1.10, p = 0.09). In women with two or more failed in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles, the risk ratio of live birth rate was 1.15 and the risk ratio of clinical pregnancy rate was 1.17. In women with three or more failed in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles, the risk ratios of live birth rate and clinical pregnancy rate were 1.36 and 1.35, respectively.ConclusionsOur results suggested that low‐molecular‐weight heparin had no effect on pregnancy success rate in non‐thrombophilic women undergoing in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection treatment. However, to justify the use of low‐molecular‐weight heparin in clinical practice, multicenter trials are still necessary.
Effects of UGT1A1, CYP3A5 and ABCB1 Genetic Variants on Pharmacokinetics of Antihistamine Drug Mizolastine in Chinese Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Li Pu , Wei Min‐Ji , Zhang Zhi‐Yuan , Yin Sheng‐Ju , Wang Xin , Lou Ya‐Qing , Kang Zi‐Sheng , Lu Yuan , Wei Xuan , Zhai Suo‐Di , Zhang Guo‐Liang 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMizolastine is a selective histamine H1 receptor antagonist for chronic urticaria or allergic rhinitis. We investigated whether the variant genotypes of metabolic enzymes UGT1A1, CYP3A5 and transporter ABCB1 influence pharmacokinetic phenotype of substrate mizolastine in Chinese volunteers. Genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms in UGT1A1*6 (G211A), CYP3A5*3 (A6986G) and ABCB1 (C3435T) was determined by the pyrosequencing method. After a single oral dose of 10 mg mizolastine, the plasma concentrations were measured using validated high‐performance liquid chromatography in 24 Chinese healthy volunteers. The results showed that the distributions of wild‐type homozygotes and variant allele carriers (the sum of variant heterozygotes and variant homozygotes) were as follows: 17 cases (70.8%) versus seven cases (29.2%) in UGT1A1*6 genotypes, five cases (20.8%) versus 19 cases (79.2%) in CYP3A5*3 genotypes and seven cases (29.2%) versus 17 cases (70.8%) in ABCB1 3435T genotypes, respectively. There were no significant differences in pharmacokinetic parameters of mizolastine between the variant allele UGT1A1*6, CYP3A5*3 and ABCB1 3435T carriers and the wild‐type homozygotes, and the ratios were as follows: Cmax was 101.03%, 86.02% and 105.78%; Tmax was 162.35%, 98.98% and 144.90%; AUC0–28 was 113.04%, 77.35% and 112.71%; and t1/2 was 95.77%, 72.40% and 100.97%, respectively. In conclusion, these results suggested that the UGT1A1, CYP3A5 and ABCB1 genetic polymorphisms might be not contributed to the interindividual variation of mizolastine pharmacokinetic phenotype in the Chinese population.
Estimation of the Optimal Surrogate Based on a Randomized Trial
Authors: Price Brenda L. , Gilbert Peter B. , van der Laan Mark J. 
Published: April 2018

Summary
A common scientific problem is to determine a surrogate outcome for a long-term outcome so that future randomized studies can restrict themselves to only collecting the surrogate outcome. We consider the setting that we observe n independent and identically distributed observations of a random variable consisting of baseline covariates, a treatment, a vector of candidate surrogate outcomes at an intermediate time point, and the final outcome of interest at a final time point. We assume the treatment is randomized, conditional on the baseline covariates. The goal is to use these data to learn a most-promising surrogate for use in future trials for inference about a mean contrast treatment effect on the final outcome. We define an optimal surrogate for the current study as the function of the data generating distribution collected by the intermediate time point that satisfies the Prentice definition of a valid surrogate endpoint and that optimally predicts the final outcome: this optimal surrogate is an unknown parameter. We show that this optimal surrogate is a conditional mean and present super-learner and targeted super-learner based estimators, whose predicted outcomes are used as the surrogate in applications. We demonstrate a number of desirable properties of this optimal surrogate and its estimators, and study the methodology in simulations and an application to dengue vaccine efficacy trials.
Application of the microbial community coalescence concept to riverine networks
Authors: Mansour India , Heppell Catherine M. , Ryo Masahiro , Rillig Matthias C. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTFlows of water, soil, litter, and anthropogenic materials in and around rivers lead to the mixing of their resident microbial communities and subsequently to a resultant community distinct from its precursors. Consideration of these events through a new conceptual lens, namely, community coalescence, could provide a means of integrating physical, environmental, and ecological mechanisms to predict microbial community assembly patterns better in these habitats. Here, we review field studies of microbial communities in riverine habitats where environmental mixing regularly occurs, interpret some of these studies within the community coalescence framework and posit novel hypotheses and insights that may be gained in riverine microbial ecology through the application of this concept. Particularly in the face of a changing climate and rivers under increasing anthropogenic pressures, knowledge about the factors governing microbial community assembly is essential to forecast and/or respond to changes in ecosystem function. Additionally, there is the potential for microbial ecology studies in rivers to become a driver of theory development: riverine systems are ideal for coalescence studies because regular and predictable environmental mixing occurs. Data appropriate for testing community coalescence theory could be collected with minimal alteration to existing study designs.
Refractive regression after laser in situ keratomileusis
Authors: Yan Mabel K , Chang John SM , Chan Tommy CY 
Published: April 2018

AbstractUncorrected refractive errors are a leading cause of visual impairment across the world. In today's society, laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) has become the most commonly performed surgical procedure to correct refractive errors. However, regression of the initially achieved refractive correction has been a widely observed phenomenon following LASIK since its inception more than two decades ago. Despite technological advances in laser refractive surgery and various proposed management strategies, post‐LASIK regression is still frequently observed and has significant implications for the long‐term visual performance and quality of life of patients. This review explores the mechanism of refractive regression after both myopic and hyperopic LASIK, predisposing risk factors and its clinical course. In addition, current preventative strategies and therapies are also reviewed.