bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integration of Plasmonic Metal and Cocatalyst: An Efficient Strategy for Boosting the Visible and Broad‐Spectrum Photocatalytic H2 Evolution
Authors: Cai Xiaotong , Chen Qin , Wang Ruoxin , Wang An , Wang Jiawei , Zhong Shuxian , Liu Ya , Chen Jianrong , Bai Song 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe combination of plasmonic metal and cocatalyst with semiconductor has been widely used to simultaneously improve the efficiencies of light absorption, charge separation, and surface reaction for high‐performance photocatalysis. Despite the tremendous efforts, the ternary nanostructures suffer from two bottlenecks: 1) long distance between plasmonic metal and cocatalyst increases the chance of hot electron loss; 2) opposite transmission directions between plasmon‐induced hot electrons and semiconductor‐generated free electrons disfavor the practical application of broad‐spectrum photocatalysis. In this paper, a novel photocatalytic nanostructure, in which plasmonic Au and Pd cocatalysts are integrated into Janus heterojunction on the TiO2, is demonstrated. The advantages of the designed photocatalyst include: 1) the shortened distance between Au and Pd as well as the formation of additional channel of Au–Pd interface accelerates the hot electron transfer; 2) the opposite directions of visible‐light‐induced hot electrons and ultraviolet‐light‐excited free electrons are mediated with a unified TiO2 → Au → Pd transmission route during the broad‐spectrum photocatalysis. As a result, 15 mg of the designed photocatalyst achieves average H2 production rates of 0.79 and 7.59 µmol h−1 under visible and broad‐spectrum irradiation, respectively, much higher than those of other binary and ternary architectures consisting of TiO2, Pd, and Au.
Anthropometric indices for predicting cardiovascular risk factors: Ellisras longitudinal study
Authors: Sebati Betty , Monyeki Kotsedi , Kemper Han Cornelis Geraad , Sekgala Machoene Derrick , Mphekgwana Peter 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of the study was to determine which anthropometric indices can best predict the presence of common cardiovascular risk factors among young adults in the rural village of Ellisras in the Limpopo Province, South Africa.MethodsA total of 624 young adults (306 males and 318 females) aged 18 to 29 years took part in this cross‐sectional study. Anthropometrics were measured according to the standard procedures. Blood pressure and blood parameters were collected and measured. The stepwise logistic regression was used to determine anthropometric indices that can predict the presence of common cardiovascular risk factors and a receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to assess discrimination abilities of anthropometric indices for cardiovascular risk factors.ResultsThe waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR) in multivariable adjusted models was not found to be associated with cardiovascular risk factors compared to body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR). The area below the ROC curve for the abovementioned indices was above 0.62.ConclusionsThe central obesity indices, WC and WHtR, are better predictors of dyslipedemia and hypercholesterolemia, whereas BMI was a better predictor of hypertension among young adults living in rural South Africa between the ages of 18 and 29 years.
Comparing disability and return to work outcomes between alternative and traditional workers' compensation programs
Authors: Schofield Katherine , Ryan Andrew D. , Dauner Kim N. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe Union Construction Workers' Compensation Program (UCWCP) was developed in 1996 as an alternative workers' compensation arrangement. The program includes use of a preapproved medical and rehabilitation network and alternative dispute resolution (ADR), and prioritizes a quick and safe return‐to‐work. The aim of this study is to determine if differences in recovery‐related outcomes exist between UCWCP and the statutory workers' compensation system (SWCS).MethodsClaims data from 2003 to 2016 were classified as processed through UCWCP or SWCS. Outcomes included: temporary total disability (TTD), vocational rehabilitation (VR), claim duration and costs, and permanent partial disability (PPD). The relative risk of incurring TTD, VR, and PPD in UCWCP vs SWCS was calculated using log‐binomial regression. Linear regression examined the relationship between programs and continuous outcomes including costs and duration. Estimates were adjusted for age, sex, wage, and severity.ResultsThe UCWCP processed 15.8% of claims; higher percentages of UCWCP claimants were older and earned higher wages. Results point to positive findings of decreased TTD incidence and cost, lower risk of TTD extending over time, higher likelihood of VR participation, and less attorney involvement and stipulation agreements associated with UCWCP membership. Differences were more apparent in workers who suffered permanent physical impairment.ConclusionFindings suggest that the defining programmatic elements of the UCWCP, including its medical provider and rehabilitation network and access to ADR, have been successful in their aims. Claims with increased severity exhibited more pronounced differences vs SWCS, potentially due, in part, to greater use of programmatic elements.
A Beneficial Effect of Bromination on the Photophysical and Photochemical Properties of Aza‐BODIPY Dyes with Electron‐Donating Groups
Authors: Obłoza Magdalena , Łapok Łukasz , Pędziński Tomasz , Nowakowska Maria 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA series of aza‐BODIPY dyes substituted with meta‐(dimethylamino)phenyl groups were synthesized and their spectroscopic, photophysical, and electrochemical properties were compared. Highly desirable photophysical and photochemical properties were induced in meta‐(Me2N)Ph‐substituted aza‐BODIPY by bromination of the aromatic rings at the 3 and 5 positions. In particular, high values of singlet oxygen quantum yields (ΦΔ) were measured, ranging from 0.36 to 0.58. The photosensitized oxygenation process of a model compound – diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF) ‐ proceeds via a Type II mechanism for the di‐bromo derivative, while for the tetra‐bromo derivative a mixed mechanism involving both 1O2 and other reactive forms of oxygen formation (Type I and/or Type III) was detected. Nanosecond laser photolysis experiments of the brominated aza‐BODIPYs revealed T1→Tn absorption spanning from ca. 350 nm to ca. 510 nm with the triplet lifetimes (τT) ranged between 15.6 μs and 26.0 μs. The brominated aza‐BODIPYs studied exhibited an absorption band within the so‐called “therapeutic window”, with λabs located between 620 nm and 636 nm. As estimated by CV/DPV measurements, the meta‐(Me2N)Ph‐substituted aza‐BODIPYs studied exhibited a multi‐electron oxidation processes at a relatively low oxidation potentials (Eox), pointing to the very good electron‐donating properties of these molecules. All compounds studied exhibited extremely high photostability and thermal stability.
Experiences of National Disability Insurance Scheme planning from the perspective of adults with intellectual disability
Authors: Perry Elyse , Waters Rebecca , Buchanan Angus 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe Australian National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) is attempting to address long‐term inequalities experienced by people with disability. Planning is central to the NDIS. People with intellectual disability will be the largest group of NDIS participants, and their perspectives are underrepresented in the literature. It is important to understand how they experience and perceive NDIS planning. Ten adults with intellectual disability participated in semi‐structured interviews to explore their experiences of NDIS planning. Data were analysed using Braun and Clarke's (2006, Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3, 77) six stages of thematic analysis. Six themes were identified: planning preparation not fit for purpose, creating goals, goals not met, planning not meeting real needs, lack of choice and control and importance of relationship with planner. In principle, the NDIS presents a real opportunity to increase the choice and control, social and economic participation, and independence of people with disability; however, this does not always translate into practice for people with intellectual disability.
Different Regimes of Ultrashort Pulse Propagation in Disordered Layered Media with Resonant Loss and Gain
Authors: Novitsky Denis V. , Redka Dmitrii , Shalin Alexander S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDifferent optical nanostructures containing both loss and gain components attract ever‐increasing attention as novel advanced materials and building blocks for a variety of nanophotonic and plasmonic applications. Unique tunable optical signatures of the so‐called active metamaterials support their utilization for sensing, imaging, and signal processing on micro‐ and nanoscales. However, this tunability requires flexible control over the metamaterial parameters, which could be provided by involving a set of nonlinear interactions. In this paper, a method of governing ultrashort pulses is proposed by varying the level of a population difference disorder in a random active metamaterial. This enables us to deliver three different interaction regimes: self‐induced transparency (low disorder), localization regime (moderate disorder), and light amplification (strong disorder) corresponding to strongly different light pulse speeds. Since this control could be realized via rather plain tools, like simple pump tuning, the proposed disordered medium opens a room of opportunities for designing a peculiar active component for a whole set of highly demanded optical applications.
A new phenological metric for use in pheno‐climatic models: A case study using herbarium specimens of Streptanthus tortuosus
Authors: Love Natalie L. Rossington , Park Isaac W. , Mazer Susan J. 
Published: July 2019

PremiseHerbarium specimens have been used to detect climate‐induced shifts in flowering time by using the day of year of collection (DOY) as a proxy for first or peak flowering date. Variation among herbarium sheets in their phenological status, however, undermines the assumption that DOY accurately represents any particular phenophase. Ignoring this variation can reduce the explanatory power of pheno‐climatic models (PCMs) designed to predict the effects of climate on flowering date.MethodsHere we present a protocol for the phenological scoring of imaged herbarium specimens using an ImageJ plugin, and we introduce a quantitative metric of a specimen's phenological status, the phenological index (PI), which we use in PCMs to control for phenological variation among specimens of Streptanthus tortuosus (Brassicaceeae) when testing for the effects of climate on DOY. We demonstrate that including PI as an independent variable improves model fit.ResultsIncluding PI in PCMs increased the model R2 relative to PCMs that excluded PI; regression coefficients for climatic parameters, however, remained constant.DiscussionOur protocol provides a simple, quantitative phenological metric for any observed plant. Including PI in PCMs increases R2 and enables predictions of the DOY of any phenophase under any specified climatic conditions.
Catalyst‐Free Synthesis of α‐Functionalized 2H‐Chromenes in Water: A Tandem Self‐Promoted pseudo‐Substitution and Decarboxylation Process
Authors: Jiang Chunhui , Chen Yayun , Zhang Hongkui , Tan Jian‐Ping , Wang Tianli 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA catalyst‐free decarboxylative reaction between β‐keto acids and 2H‐chromene acetals in water was developed. This reaction featured a broad substrate scope and easily obtainable starting materials to afford α‐functionalized 2H‐chromenes in high yields. The synthetic value of this protocol was also demonstrated by the scale‐up synthesis and versatile conversions of the title product into other useful compounds. In addition, control experiments indicated that water was essential for the reactivity. Mechanistic studies further revealed that the reaction proceeded through a self‐promoted tandem pseudo‐substitution and decarboxylation process.
Post‐Treatment of CH3NH3PbI3/PbI2 Composite Films with Methylamine to Realize High‐Performance Photoconductor Devices
Authors: Li Jieni , Li Henan , Liu Lai , Yao Huizhen , Tian Bingbing , Su Chenliang , Zhong Haizhe , Wang Ye , Zhang Lifu , Shi Yumeng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOrganometallic halide perovskites have attracted great research interest as light‐active materials for use in optoelectronics. Here, we report a high‐performance photoconductor based on a methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) film that was prepared from a methylamine‐treated MAPbI3/PbI2 perovskite film. An ultrahigh responsivity of 3.6 A W−1 and detectivity of 5.4×1012 Jones were obtained for the film under 0.5 mW cm−2 white‐light illumination. In addition, under 420 nm light irradiation, the film exhibited its highest responsivity and detectivity of 30 A W−1 and 2.4×1014 Jones, respectively. The excellent photo‐response performance results from the improved electronic quality and suppressed nonradiative recombination channels of the treated perovskite thin film.
Cytotoxic Spliceostatin Analogs from Pseudomonas sp.
Authors: Zhao Hong , Zhang Bei , Ma Lie‐Feng , Shi Lin‐Mei , Zhan Zha‐Jun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTwo new spliceostatin analogs, designed as spliceostatins J and K (1 and 2), were isolated and identified from the culture of Pseudomonas sp., along with two known ones, FR901464 (3) and spliceostatin E (4). Their structures were elucidated by detailed interpretation of their spectroscopic data, especially 2D‐NMR and HR‐ESI‐MS. Spliceostatin J (1) represented the first example of spliceostatins bearing an unusual hexahydrofuro[3,4‐b]furan moiety. Biological assay showed all the isolated compounds except 1 displayed potent cytotoxic activities against two cancer cell lines (MDA‐MB‐231 and A‐549). Structure‐activity‐relationship studies revealed that the tetrahydropyran ring in spliceostatin analogs was necessary for their bioactive retention.
The Sub‐picomolar Cu2+ Dissociation Constant of Human Serum Albumin
Authors: Bossak‐Ahmad Karolina , Frączyk Tomasz , Bal Wojciech , Drew Simon C. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe apparent affinity of human serum albumin (HSA) for divalent copper has long been the subject of great interest, due to its presumed role as the major Cu2+‐binding ligand in blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Using a combination of electronic absorption, circular dichroism and room‐temperature electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies, together with potentiometric titrations, we competed the tripeptide GGH against HSA to reveal a conditional binding constant of log c
=13.02±0.05 at pH 7.4. This rigorously determined value of the Cu2+ affinity has important implications for understanding the extracellular distribution of copper.
Splenic infarction in babesiosis: A rare presentation
Authors: Gupta Ashish , Patel Poras , Manvar Kapil , Kellner Timothy , Guevara Elizabeth 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBabesiosis is a protozoan parasitic infection transmitted by the Ixodes tick. Splenic infarction is a rare, but potentially life‐threatening complication of babesiosis; it is therefore vital that this complication is recognized.
One Pot Asymmetric Synthesis of (R)‐Phenylglycinol from Racemic Styrene Oxide via Cascade Biocatalysis
Authors: Sun Zai‐Bao , Zhang Zhi‐Jun , Li Fu‐Long , Nie Yao , Yu Hui‐Lei , Xu Jian‐He 
Published: July 2019

Abstract(R)‐Phenylglycinol is an important chiral building block for pharmaceutical and fine chemical industry, and its efficient synthesis from cheap and commercially available starting materials is challenging and highly desirable. Herein, a new three‐step one‐pot cascade system employing epoxide hydrolase, glycerol dehydrogenase, and ω‐transaminase was designed for the asymmetric synthesis of (R)‐phenylglycinol from racemic styrene oxide. A cofactor self‐sufficient system employing AlaDH/L−Ala was utilized for the regeneration of expensive cofactor NAD+ and removal of by‐product pyruvate. Furthermore, in situ product removal by cation resin adsorption was used to drive the thermodynamic equilibrium of the cascade reaction to the direction of product generation. Finally, optically pure (R)‐phenylglycinol was successfully produced from racemic styrene oxide with high yield (81.9 %) and excellent enantioselectivity (99 % ee).
Effect of fragmentation of cancer care on treatment use and survival in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Hester Caitlin A. , Karbhari Nishika , Rich Nicole E. , Augustine Mathew , Mansour John C. , Polanco Patricio M. , Porembka Matthew R. , Wang Sam C. , Zeh Herbert J. , Singal Amit G. , Yopp Adam C. 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundFragmented cancer care (FC), or care received from multiple institutions, increases systemic health care costs and potentiates cancer care disparities. There is a paucity of data on mechanisms contributing to FC and the resulting effect on patient outcomes. This study characterized patient‐ and hospital‐level factors associated with FC, time to treatment (TTT), and overall survival (OS) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsPatients newly diagnosed with HCC from 2004 to 2015 and receiving treatment were identified in the Texas Cancer Registry. Patient‐ and hospital‐level factors were compared across 2 cohorts: an FC treatment group and a nonfragmented cancer care (NFC) treatment group. Covariate‐adjusted treatment use and OS were compared between the 2 treatment groups.ResultsAmong 4329 patients with HCC, 1185 (27.4%) received FC, and 3144 (72.6%) received NFC. Compared with NFC patients, FC patients had larger tumors (median size ≥4 cm, 52.6% vs 35.2%; P < .001), and a higher proportion had a regional/metastatic stage (35.9% vs 26.7%; P < .001). Among patients with localized disease, FC was associated with decreased odds of curative therapy (odds ratio, 0.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.7‐0.9). FC was associated with worse OS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.14; 95% CI, 1.05‐1.24) and increased TTT (HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.7‐0.8). In the subset of patients with localized‐stage HCC who received curative therapy, FC was associated with worse OS (median survival, 67 vs 43 months; HR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.0‐1.4) and increased TTT (HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.7‐0.8).ConclusionsFC patients were less likely to undergo curative therapy when they were diagnosed at an early stage. After covariate adjustment, newly diagnosed patients with HCC receiving FC had worse OS and increased TTT.
Relaxivity of Gd‐Based MRI Contrast Agents in Crosslinked Hyaluronic Acid as a Model for Tissues
Authors: Fragai Marco , Ravera Enrico , Tedoldi Fabio , Luchinat Claudio , Parigi Giacomo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe efficiency of MRI contrast agents depends on the relaxation rate enhancement that they can induce at imaging fields. It is well known that, at these fields, large relaxation rates are obtained by binding of gadolinium(III) ions to large molecules. By the same token, the interaction of the gadolinium(III) complexes with macromolecules that are found in biological tissues can be responsible for an increase of the relaxation rate with respect to the value observed in liquids. We investigate here the relaxation enhancement of gadoteridol (Gd‐HP‐DO3A) in crosslinked hyaluronic acid, taken as model tissue, using fast field‐cycling relaxometry. The analysis of the relaxation profiles as a function of the magnetic fields indicates that a sizable increase in the relaxation rates is due to a modest interaction of the contrast agent with the hydrogel and to the slower mobility of the water molecules outside the first‐coordination sphere of the gadolinium(III) ion.
Reduced‐order method for mathematical modeling of multiphase dc‐dc converter
Authors: Kawakami Taichi , Yamamoto Masayoshi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA multiphase dc‐dc converter is effective for miniaturization and achieving high‐power density in a switching power supply. However, its mathematical modeling becomes complex as the phase number of the circuit increases. This study proposes a new modeling method to derive a reduced‐order method in a simple manner. The frequency characteristics of the reduced‐order model are fit to those of the original mathematical model of the multiphase dc‐dc converter. Therefore, the efficacy of the proposed method is validated.
Loss analysis of permanent magnet synchronous machines by considering circulating currents of armature windings
Authors: Yamazaki Katsumi , Yui Haiyan , Ohguchi Hideki , Shuto Masao 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the losses caused by circulating currents generated in armature windings of permanent magnet synchronous machines by using electromagnetic field analysis. In the analysis, each parallel connected wire in the windings is modeled by finite elements in order to consider the difference in the electromotive forces and the generation of the circulating currents. The calculated losses are compared with experimental results. It is clarified that the armature copper loss in permanent magnet machines with parallel connected wires considerably increases by the circulating currents.
Plasma behavior and characteristics of a pulsed‐laser‐driven MHD electrical power generation
Authors: Iwata Toshiki , Tsukazawa Satohiro , Okuno Yoshihiro 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe fundamental electrical power generation experiment of a pulsed‐laser‐driven magnet hydrodynamics generator with a divergent channel and segmented electrodes has been conducted with a rough estimate of gas heating efficiency of laser energy. The output energy is increased with the decrease in the initial filling gas pressure because of the increase in the gas velocity and the electrical conductivity with the gas temperature. The output power is surely improved in comparison with the previously examined generator with constant height channel and continuous electrode. About 70% of the incident laser energy is absorbed and less than 20% is transferred to the blast wave energy at low initial filling gas pressure in the present experimental setup.
Experimental validation with field circuit by changing start voltage of salient pole synchronous motor
Authors: Kori Daisuke , Koyama Takayuki , Iizuka Motonobu 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper reports on the experimental validation characteristics of a salient pole synchronous motor with the starting field circuit in contact. The starting characteristics were experimentally evaluated at voltages of 100%, 75%, and 50% using a 1.5 kVA salient pole synchronous motor. The signal for pulling into step was applied to the field circuit by using the control module for all test conditions. The results confirmed the proper pulling into step at 100% of voltage, and the results of the tests at 50% and 75% of voltage revealed that the pulling into step under these conditions becomes stable at the suitable slip condition.