bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Literature as aesthetic knowledge: implications for curriculum and education
Authors: Cuthbert Alka Sehgal 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis paper presents an argument for aesthetic knowledge in the arts and more specifically, for an aesthetic model of literature to be central in the curriculum. I argue that there are important distinctions to be made between the everyday experiences unique to us as individuals, and the universality of human experience. In the English Literature curriculum, this important difference is manifested in the status of the text because it is through a triadic engagement between educator, text and pupil that the meanings of experience can be evoked objectively. Through changing cultural and policy contexts in the post‐war period, the text has been marginalised in the curriculum. This has contributed to two detrimental effects. The first is that direct personal responses and experience have been overvalued in the English Literature curriculum. The second is that the idea of objective knowledge in literature has been misconstrued as knowledge of its linguistic substratum. Consequently, an important form of aesthetic knowledge is largely absent in Britain's secondary curriculum. The paper is organized into three sections. Section one describes main shifts in the cultural and policy contexts. Section two provides a brief empirical example of how shifts at the macro‐level have been re‐contextualised within the implied curriculum found in examples of national exams. Section three elucidates the deeper significance of these changes in light of a theoretical discussion of Kantian aesthetics and implications for a social realist approach to knowledge, curriculum and pedagogy derived from Durkheim.
Kinematic effects of repeated turns while running
Authors: Zago Matteo , Esposito Fabio , Bertozzi Filippo , Tritto Bruna , Rampichini Susanna , Galvani Christel , Galli Manuela , Sforza Chiarella 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn team sports, non‐contact ACL and MCL injuries occur during abrupt changes of direction, like turns or cutting manoeuvres. Fatigue affects dynamic neuromuscular control and increases knee injury risk. This study analysed how lower limb joints and centre‐of‐mass kinematics are affected throughout a high‐intensity running protocol involving repeated 180°‐turns. Twenty young men (18–23 years, BMI: 20.8–24.4 kg m−2) completed a 5‐m shuttle running trial lasting 5 min at an average speed of 75% of their maximum aerobic speed. During the test, cardio‐metabolic parameters were obtained, together with joints and centre‐of‐mass kinematics, using a motion capture system. Kinematic data were compared between the first and the last minute of exercise. Perceived exercise intensity ranged from “hard” to “maximum exertion” and post‐exercise lactate concentration ranged from 5.4 to 15.5 mM. The repetition of 180°‐turns induced a substantial reduction of hip (−60%, p < .001, large effect) and knee flexion (−40%, p = .003, medium‐to‐large effect), and an increase of hip adduction and internal rotation (+25–30%, p < .05, medium‐to‐large effect). Since such movements are factors increasing the likelihood of non‐contact knee injuries, we concluded that the prolonged repetition of turns may expose participants to increased risk of ligament failure. Prevention programmes should include discipline‐specific neuromuscular training especially in late practices.
An ecological perspective on ‘plant carnivory beyond bogs’: nutritional benefits of prey capture for the Mediterranean carnivorous plant Drosophyllum lusitanicum
Authors: Skates Laura M , Paniw Maria , Cross Adam T , Ojeda Fernando , Dixon Kingsley W , Stevens Jason C , Gebauer Gerhard 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackground and aimsLittle is known about the evolutionary and ecological drivers of carnivory in plants, particularly for those terrestrial species that do not occur in typical swamp or bog habitats. The Mediterranean endemic Drosophyllum lusitanicum (Drosophyllaceae) is one of very few terrestrial carnivorous plant species outside of Australia to occur in seasonally dry, fire-prone habitats, and is thus an ecological rarity. Here we assess the nutritional benefits of prey capture for D. lusitanicum under differing levels of soil fertility in situ.MethodsWe measured the total nitrogen and stable nitrogen and carbon isotope ratios of D. lusitanicum leaves, neighbouring non-carnivorous plant leaves, and groups of insect prey in three populations in southern Spain. We calculated trophic enrichment (ε15N) and estimated the proportion of prey-derived nitrogen (%Nprey) in D. lusitanicum leaves, and related these factors to soil chemistry parameters measured at each site.Key resultsIn all three populations studied, D. lusitanicum plants were significantly isotopically enriched compared with neighbouring non-carnivorous plants. We estimated that D. lusitanicum gain ~36 %Nprey at the Puerto de Gáliz site, ~54 %Nprey at the Sierra Carbonera site and ~75 %Nprey at the Montera del Torero site. Enrichment in N isotope (ε15N) differed considerably among sites; however, it was not found to be significantly related to log10(soil N), log10(soil P) or log10(soil K).ConclusionsDrosophyllum lusitanicum individuals gain a significant nutritional benefit from captured prey in their natural habitat, exhibiting proportions of prey-derived nitrogen that are similar to those recorded for carnivorous plants occurring in more mesic environments. This study adds to the growing body of literature confirming that carnivory is a highly beneficial nutritional strategy not only in mesic habitats but also in seasonally dry environments, and provides insights to inform conservation strategies for D. lusitanicum in situ.
Time-to-event model-assisted designs for dose-finding trials with delayed toxicity
Authors: Lin Ruitao , Yuan Ying 
Published: March 2019

Summary
Two useful strategies to speed up drug development are to increase the patient accrual rate and use novel adaptive designs. Unfortunately, these two strategies often conflict when the evaluation of the outcome cannot keep pace with the patient accrual rate and thus the interim data cannot be observed in time to make adaptive decisions. A similar logistic difficulty arises when the outcome is late-onset. Based on a novel formulation and approximation of the likelihood of the observed data, we propose a general methodology for model-assisted designs to handle toxicity data that are pending due to fast accrual or late-onset toxicity and facilitate seamless decision making in phase I dose-finding trials. The proposed time-to-event model-assisted designs consider each dose separately and the dose-escalation/de-escalation rules can be tabulated before the trial begins, which greatly simplifies trial conduct in practice compared to that under existing methods. We show that the proposed designs have desirable finite and large-sample properties and yield performance that is comparable to that of more complicated model-based designs. We provide user-friendly software for implementing the designs.
Active Monitoring and Feedback to Improve Blood Culture Fill Volumes and Positivity Across a Large Integrated Health System
Authors: Khare Reeti , Kothari Tarush , Castagnaro Joseph , Hemmings Bryan , Tso May , Juretschko Stefan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe sensitivity of blood cultures increases with the volume of blood collected. However, hospitals face challenges in collecting adequate volume, and underfilled blood bottles are ubiquitous.MethodsBlood bottle fill volumes were measured using an automated monitoring system across multiples sites (10 hospitals, 3 laboratories) within a large suburban/urban health system. Baseline fill volumes were measured for 4 months. A quality improvement program was then implemented over 36 months. Strategies to improve fill volumes included education, standardized data collection, novel and unblinded information cascades, targeted communication, and bottle markings for blood collectors.ResultsA total of 516 201 blood cultures were evaluated over 40 months. In the preimplementation period (January–April 2015), no hospitals collected the recommended 8–10 mL/bottle, and the average system fill volume was 2.3 mL. In the final postimplementation period (January–April 2018), 7 of 10 hospitals achieved ≥8 mL per bottle and the system average increased to 8.6 mL (P &lt; .0001). The positivity rate increased 20%, from 7.39% to 8.85% (P &lt; .001), whereas the contamination rate did not change and remained low. Compared to the preimplementation period, the odds of positive cultures containing potential pathogens increased to 1.18 (95% confidence interval, 1.05–1.32; P = .003).ConclusionsHere we show that underfilled blood cultures are extremely common but that operational and educational strategies can result in sustained improvements across a complex network of hospitals and laboratories. This leads to increased detection of pathogens, which can have tremendous impact on the management of bloodstream infections and sepsis.
National Outbreak of Pertussis in England, 2011–2012: A Case-control Study Comparing 3-Component and 5-Component Acellular Vaccines With Whole-cell Pertussis Vaccines
Authors: Carvalho Carlos F A , Andrews Nick , Dabrera Gavin , Ribeiro Sonia , Stowe Julia , Ramsay Mary , Amirthalingam Gayatri 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn England, acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines replaced whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccine in the primary immunization course in October 2004. Despite sustained high vaccine coverage, 10 454 cases were confirmed in England in 2011–2012, including 1648 (16%) in those aged 10–19 years. These individuals had been primed with either 3-component (aP3) or 5-component (aP5) aP vaccines or wP vaccine due to temporary supply shortages. We aimed to compare protection provided by different pertussis vaccines.MethodsWe conducted a case-control study. Individuals born between 1997 and 2005, fully vaccinated in England, were included. Cases were laboratory confirmed between January 2011 and December 2012. Controls were identified from population vaccination registers, representing 20% of the population. We compared the odds of receiving different types of vaccines in cases and controls, adjusting for year of birth and time since last vaccine received. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsWe analyzed 403 cases and 581 971 controls with 4 pertussis vaccines recorded. Compared to those who received 3 doses of wP for the primary course, cases had higher odds of receiving 3 doses of aP3 (OR, 3.86 [95% CI, 2.56–5.82]) but no significant association with receipt of 3 doses of aP5 (OR, 0.89 [95% CI, .29–2.73]).ConclusionsPrevious studies have suggested that aP3 and aP5 vaccines provide shorter duration of protection than wP vaccine. Our findings suggest that a primary course with aP3 is associated with increased risk of confirmed pertussis compared with wP. Although follow-up was shorter for aP5 cohorts, their risk did not seem to differ from wP.
DoA-Based Event Localization Using Uniform Concentric Circular Array in the IoT Environment
Authors: Pandey Saurabh K , Zaveri Mukesh A 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Response and recovery are the two most crucial aspects associated with post disaster management. Both these operations need real-time data and location at which the event occurs. These operations require event-based collection of data at critical times. The events may occur at any place and the data may be needed from either or all of the events for strategic planning and event handling. It is a challenging task to process the events whose locations are uncertain. In this view, there is a need to know the real-time location of events occurring in the surrounding. Moreover, there is a possibility of huge amount of signal processing among the devices deployed in the terrain. In this context, an event localization algorithm is proposed based on the Direction of Arrival estimation technique in the Internet of Things environment. It estimates the location of events by mapping the deployed devices using concentric circular array in the region. Further, the Cramer–Rao bound for the proposed algorithm is derived and compared with the existing schemes for efficacy. The algorithm is implemented on real test bed and presented with comparative evaluation to validate the work.
Imaging in patients with severe mitral annular calcification: insights from a multicentre experience using transatrial balloon-expandable valve replacement
Authors: Praz Fabien , Khalique Omar K , Lee Raymond , Wu Isaac Y , Russell Hyde , Guerrero Mayra , Wang Dee Dee , Veeragandham Ramesh , Islam Ashequl M , Deaton David W , Kaneko Tsuyoshi , Eudailey Kyle W , Akkoc Deniz , Kantor Alex , Wang Catherine , Tang Diane C H , Park Joongheum S , Leung Diana , Nazif Tamim M , Vahl Torsten P , Hahn Rebecca T , Kodali Susheel K , Leon Martin B , Takayama Hiroo , Bapat Vinayak , Borger Michael A , George Isaac 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Aims
To investigate valve sizing and the haemodynamic relevance of the predicted left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) in patients with mitral annular calcification (MAC) undergoing transatrial transcatheter valve implantation (THV).

Methods and results
In total, 21 patients undergoing transatrial THV, multiplanar reconstruction (MPR), maximum intensity projection (MIP), and cubic spline interpolation (CSI) were compared for MA sizing during diastole. In addition, predicted neo-LVOT areas were measured in 18 patients and correlated with the post-procedural haemodynamic dimensions. The procedure was successful in all patients (100%). Concomitant aortic valve replacement was performed in eight patients (43%) (AVR group). Sizing using MPR and MIP yielded comparable results in terms of area, perimeter, and diameter, whereas the dimensions obtained with CSI were systematically smaller. The simulated mean systolic neo-LVOT area was 133.4 ± 64.2 mm2 with an anticipated relative LVOT area reduction (neo-LVOT area/LVOT area × 100) of 59.3 ± 14.7%. The systolic relative LVOT area reduction, but not the absolute neo-LVOT area, was found to predict the peak (r = 0.69; P = 0.002) and mean (r = 0.65; P = 0.004) post-operative aortic gradient in the overall population as well as separately in the AVR (peak: r = 0.91; P = 0.002/mean: r = 0.85; P = 0.002) and no-AVR (peak: r = 0.89; P = 0.003/mean: r = 0.72; P = 0.008) groups.

Conclusion
In patients with severe MAC undergoing transatrial transcatheter valve implantation, MPR, and MIP yielded comparable annular dimensions, while values obtained with CSI tended to be systematically smaller. Mitral annular area and the average annular diameter appear to be reliable parameters for valve selection. Simulated relative LVOT reduction was found to predict the post-procedural aortic gradients.
My route to the intimacy of genomes
Authors: Dujon Bernard 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
Being invited by a prestigious journal to write the retrospective of one's life is first a great honor, and then a chore when starting to do it. These feelings did not spare me. But trying to recall my past to the best of my memory, I learned how lucky I was to have been born to a generation that witnessed so many scientific discoveries. There is little in common between the genetic courses I taught recently and those that I received more than 50 years ago. Thinking that a tiny bit of this fantastic evolution might come from my accidental encountering with yeasts is a stunning experience. I wish the same for the new generation.
Islamic Astronomy in Fifteenth-Century Christian Environments: Cardinal Bessarion and His Library
Authors: Bardi Alberto 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This paper shows how Islamic astronomy played a significant role in the education of one of the most important Christian figures in the history of culture between eastern and western Europe, promoter of a crusade against the Ottoman Turks, namely Cardinal Bessarion (1400/1408–72). While the Byzantine polymath has generally been considered a purist of Ptolemaic astronomy, his interest in Islamic astronomy can be traced back to his youth and persisted throughout his life, as is testified by several sources from his manuscripts collection. It is misleading therefore to consider him a ‘purist’ of Ptolemy. The paper provides a survey of the texts of Islamic astronomy among the manuscripts of Bessarion’s estate. These are compared to Ptolemaic astronomy in order to assess the importance of Islamic astronomy within the framework of Bessarion’s collection. The results shed new light not only on Bessarion’s astronomical interests, but also on the reception of Islamic astronomy in non-Islamicate contexts in the fifteenth century, such as the late Byzantine Empire, Rhodes, Crete, Venice, and European humanism.
Effects of adjuvant radiation therapy on survival for patients with resected primary tracheal carcinoma: an analysis of the National Cancer Database
Authors: Yusuf Mehran , Gaskins Jeremy , Trawick Emma , Tennant Paul , Bumpous Jeffrey , van Berkel Victor , Fox Matthew , Dunlap Neal 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Objective(s)
To identify predictors for receiving adjuvant radiation therapy (RT) and investigate the impact of adjuvant RT on survival for patients with resected primary tracheal carcinoma (PTC).

Methods
The National Cancer database was queried for patients with PTC diagnosed from 2004 to 2014 undergoing resection. Patients who died within 30 days of resection were excluded to minimize immortal time bias. Kaplan–Meier methods, Cox regression modeling and propensity score weighted (PSW) log-rank tests were considered to assess the relationship between adjuvant RT and overall survival (OS). Logistic regression was performed to identify predictors associated with receiving adjuvant RT.

Results
A total of 549 patients were identified with 300 patients (55%) receiving adjuvant RT. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was the most common histology with 234 patients (43%). Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) was second most frequent with 180 patients (33%). Adjuvant RT was not associated with OS by multivariable Cox analysis or PSW log-rank test (P values > 0.05). Patients with positive surgical margins (odds ratio (OR) 1.80, confidence interval (CI) 1.06–3.07) were more likely to receive adjuvant RT than those with negative surgical margins. Patients with ACC (OR 6.53, CI 3.57–11.95) were more likely to receive adjuvant RT compared with SCC.

Conclusions
Adjuvant RT was not significantly associated with OS for patients with resected PTC in this analysis. Surgical margin status and tumor histology were associated with receiving adjuvant RT. Further investigations including prospective registry studies capturing radiation technique and treatment volumes are needed to better define which patients with resected PTC may benefit from adjuvant RT.
Keck HIRES spectroscopy of SkyMapper commissioning survey candidate extremely metal-poor stars
Authors: Marino A F , Da Costa G S , Casey A R , Asplund M , Bessell M S , Frebel A , Keller S C , Lind K , Mackey A D , Murphy S J , Nordlander T , Norris J E , Schmidt B P , Yong D 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
We present results from the analysis of high-resolution spectra obtained with the Keck HIRES spectrograph for a sample of 17 candidate extremely metal-poor (EMP) stars originally selected from commissioning data obtained with the SkyMapper telescope. Fourteen of the stars have not been observed previously at high dispersion. Three have [Fe/H] ≤ −3.0, while the remainder, with two more metal-rich exceptions, have −3.0 ≤ [Fe/H] ≤ −2.0 dex. Apart from Fe, we also derive abundances for the elements C, N, Na, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Sc, Ti, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, and Zn, and for n-capture elements Sr, Ba, and Eu. None of the current sample of stars is found to be carbon-rich. In general, our chemical abundances follow previous trends found in the literature, although we note that two of the most metal-poor stars show very low [Ba/Fe] (∼−1.7) coupled with low [Sr/Ba] (∼−0.3). Such stars are relatively rare in the Galactic halo. One further star, and possibly two others, meet the criteria for classification as a r-I star. This study, together with that of Jacobson et al. (2015), completes the outcomes of the SkyMapper commissioning data survey for EMP stars.
Magnetized interstellar molecular clouds – II. The large-scale structure and dynamics of filamentary molecular clouds
Authors: Li Pak Shing , Klein Richard I 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
We perform ideal magnetohydrodynamics high-resolution adaptive mesh refinement simulations with driven turbulence and self-gravity and find that long filamentary molecular clouds are formed at the converging locations of large-scale turbulence flows and the filaments are bounded by gravity. The magnetic field helps shape and reinforce the long filamentary structures. The main filamentary cloud has a length of ∼4.4 pc. Instead of a monolithic cylindrical structure, the main cloud is shown to be a collection of fibre/web-like substructures similar to filamentary clouds such as L1495. Unless the line-of-sight is close to the mean field direction, the large-scale magnetic field and striations in the simulation are found roughly perpendicular to the long axis of the main cloud, similar to L1495. This provides strong support for a large-scale moderately strong magnetic field surrounding L1495. We find that the projection effect from observations can lead to incorrect interpretations of the true three-dimensional physical shape, size, and velocity structure of the clouds. Helical magnetic field structures found around filamentary clouds that are interpreted from Zeeman observations can be explained by a simple bending of the magnetic field that pierces through the cloud. We demonstrate that two dark clouds form a T-shaped configuration that is strikingly similar to the infrared dark cloud SDC13, leading to the interpretation that SDC13 results from a collision of two long filamentary clouds. We show that a moderately strong magnetic field (${{\cal M}_{\rm A}}\sim 1$) is crucial for maintaining a long and slender filamentary cloud for a long period of time ∼0.5 Myr.