bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minimum Temperature, Rainfall, and Agronomic Management Impacts on Corn Grain Aflatoxin Contamination
Authors: Damianidis Damianos , Ortiz Brenda V. , Bowen Kira L. , Windham Gary. L. , Hoogenboom Gerrit , Hagan Austin , Knappenberger Thorsten , Abbas Hamed K. , Scully Brian T. , Mourtzinis Spyridon 
Published: August 2018

Core Ideas
Evaluation of the influence of planting date on corn aflatoxin.
Evaluation on how in‐season weather conditions influence corn aflatoxin.
Evaluation of the influence of planting density on corn aflatoxin.
Identification of the growing season periods when the aflatoxin risk is highest.
Evaluation of the relationship between yield and corn aflatoxin.
Aflatoxins are a group of toxins produced by fungi found on corn (Zea mays L.). Aflatoxin contamination can make it unmarketable. Fortunately, management practices that reduce stress during critical growth stages lessen contamination. A study was conducted at Fairhope, AL (2010–2014), and Prattville, AL (2013–2014), to evaluate the effect of planting dates, plant densities, and in‐season weather conditions on preharvest aflatoxin contamination. The experiment had a split‐split‐plot design replicated six times, with inoculation method assigned to the main plots, planting date to the subplots, and planting density to the sub‐subplots. Results showed that delaying planting from mid‐March to mid‐April reduced aflatoxin levels and increasing the planting density from 44,480 to 74,130 plants ha−1 did not impact toxin accumulation. Multiple linear regression indicated that minimum air temperature and rainfall models could explain from 50 to 76% of the observed aflatoxin variability. However, the effect of both variables on aflatoxin contamination levels changed during the period pre‐silking (14 d prior) to physiological maturity. Minimum temperature alone had the strongest positive influence on aflatoxin over the 2 wk after mid‐silk. A reduction in rainfall during 2 wk prior mid‐silk and from Day 43 after mid‐silk to physiological maturity resulted on high aflatoxin contamination levels. In conclusion, a better understanding of the influence of weather variables on corn contamination may lead to better crop management and development of more accurate prediction systems.
¿Pluralismo o monoteoría en psicología clínica? Análisis empírico de problemas epistemológicos y formativos en carreras de psicología en Argentina (2015)
Authors: Fierro Catriel , Brisuela Blume Laureano , Bruna Ornella , Biglieri Franco 
Published: August 2018

La bibliografía utilizada en el entrenamiento psicoclínico en carreras de grado es central para explicar las particularidades teóricas, epistemológicas y prácticas de la psicología argentina. Este trabajo aporta datos sobre el estado actual de dicha formación psicoclínica en universidades nacionales en el contexto de los debates sobre evaluación y acreditación de grados de psicología, que en lo epistemológico han enfatizado de la necesidad de formar profesionales pluralistas, críticos y actualizados. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, expost facto retrospectivo de tipo socio-bibliométrico, analizándose la bibliografía obligatoria (N=629) de los sílabos de asignaturas sobre psicología clínica y psicoterapia de carreras de psicología de las universidades nacionales de Rosario, Mar del Plata y La Plata, a partir de categorías de análisis socio-bibliométrico. Se halló un predominio de trabajos de Freud y Lacan, y de trabajos de orientaciones psicodinámicas en desmedro de otras orientaciones psicoclínicas. Existiría predominio de obras de psicólogos por sobre psiquiatras, médicos y filósofos. Menos del 5% de la bibliografía fue publicada en los últimos cinco años, y menos de un 20% en los últimos diez años. Se concluye que no existiría adecuación entre contenidos impartidos y parámetros de los procesos de acreditación y debates teóricos y epistemológicos de la disciplina. AbstractMandatory readings of undergraduate psychology programs’ training in clinical psychology are of key importance in order to explain the theoretical, epistemological and practical peculiarities of Argentinian psychology. This study provides data on the current state of psychoclinical training at national universities in the context of the debates on evaluation and accreditation of psychology careers, which in an epistemological sense have emphasized the need to train pluralistic, critical and up-to-date professionals. A descriptive, retrospective, socio-bibliometric study was carried out, to analyze the literature used as mandatory readings (N = 629) at clinical psychology and psychotherapy syllabi of psychology programs at the national universities of Rosario, Mar del Plata and La Plata, using socio-bibliometric variables and indicators. We found a predominance of works by Freud and Lacan, and works of psychodynamic orientations in detriment of other theoretical orientations. There exists a predominance of works by psychologists over psychiatrists, physicians and philosophers. Less than 5% of the literature was published in the last five years, and less than 20% in the last ten years. It is concluded that there would be no congruence between the contents taught at psychotherapy undergraduate courses, criteria used for psychology programs’ accreditation processes, and theoretical and epistemological debates of the discipline.
A Favela como lugar: A representação da comunidade no curta Acende a luz
Authors: Neustadt Mônica Nunes 
Published: August 2018

Este artigo pretende trabalhar a questão da favela a partir de um viés histórico, desde o surgimento no final do século XIX e início do seguinte, momento em que ela estava intimamente relacionada à crise habitacional que afetava o Rio de Janeiro à época. Focalizam-se também as décadas de 1920 e 1930, período da construção da imagem do município como a “Cidade Maravilhosa”, passando pela “explosão” desse conjunto de habitações nos morros, até os dias de hoje. Apesar de tantas dificuldades, como são as relações desses moradores no cotidiano ? Nesse contexto decidiu-se utilizar como objeto de estudo o curta Acende a Luz que faz parte do filme 5 X Favela Agora por nós mesmos, em que moradores de morros cariocas retratam o dia-a-dia nas comunidades em que vivem.
Simbiose entre Etnomatemática e a cultura Africana: Jogo Mancala Awelé em sala de aula
Authors: Santos Eliane Costa 
Published: August 2018

Neste artigo apresento um campo prolífico de proximidade entre a educação escolar e o Mancala- jogo milenar africano que foi institucionalizado, na Secretaria Municipal de São Paulo ( 2015-2016) na perspectiva de contribuir com a descolonização dos pensares, fazeres e saberes em sala de aula. Justifica-se essa politica de governo, visto que nos últimos anos, a problemática das relações étnico-raciais na educação brasileira, vem se projetando numa escala progressiva, a ponto de interferir em politicas públicas e ações governamentais em todos os níveis. Essa demanda pode ser medida, nos professores, na busca desenfreada de formações continua e de produções acadêmicas relativas aos temas. Entretanto os modos, técnicas ou arte (TICA) de explicar, conhecer, entender, lidar (MATEMA), as culturas (ETNO) dos povos africano, e/ou indígena, ainda sofre uma barreira no momento que se busca transcender à interdisciplinaridade e a transculturalidade. Dessa forma aponto que no Brasil, o Mancala Awelé em sala de aula é uma simbiose entre etnomatemática e a cultura africana. Nessa “jogada”, tratamos esse texto no contexto teórico de Mignolo sobre colonialismo; Ki-zerbo sobre história da África; D’Ambrósio sobre etnomatemática e Macedo sobre Jogos de Mancala. Inicialmente, apresentamos um pouco do trabalho do Núcleo de educação para as relações étnico-raciais do município de são Paulo, relatamos como se deu a formação com Mancala e por fim apresentamos uma experiência interdisciplinar com Mancala em sala de aula, vivenciada por uma professora do Ensino Fundamental.
Entstehung und Arbeitsweise eines verwaltungshistorischen Periodikums
Authors: Heyen Erk volkmar 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Das Jahrbuch für europäische Verwaltungsgeschichte entstand als Netzwerkprojekt unter der Leitung des Autors in den späten 1980er Jahren mit dem Ziel, einen interdisziplinären, historisch orientierten Zugang zur wissenschaftlichen Auseinandersetzung mit Staat und Verwaltung institutionell zu verankern. Wie das JEV, so ist auch schon meine frühere Beschäftigung mit der europäischen Verwaltungsgeschichte aus einem wissenschaftshistorischen Interesse und einem weiter greifenden, politischen und kulturellen Interesse an Frankreich erwachsen. Um diese Besonderheit verständlich zu machen, möchte ich auf die Entstehung und Entfaltung dieser Interessen etwas näher eingehen, zumal dabei auch Personen und Institutionen hervortreten, die zu dem wissenschaftlichen Netzwerk gehören, mit dessen Hilfe ich das JEV betreiben konnte (I.). Danach werde ich auf die eigentliche Gründungsphase des Jahrbuchs zurückkommen und anschließend den Blick auf seine Arbeitsweise richten (II.).
Die Herstellung von Verwaltungstatsachen
Authors: Wadauer Sigrid 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
State social policies and the related administrative practices have contributed substantially since the end of the 19th century to producing and normalising new forms of work in Europe. This has given rise to new rights and obligations and changed the relationship between a state and its citizens. The article looks at struggles on the opportunities and requirements for legally practising a trade in Austria in the period from 1918 to 1938, focusing on procedures for granting licences to trade. Besides the applicant and the Office of Trade, numerous other authorities (with different and often opposing interests), organisations and individuals could be directly or indirectly involved in these procedures. The article presents the findings of a systematic comparison of various attempts to obtain a licence to trade, highlighting the different situations and interactions in which arguments over the legitimacy of a given trade took place. The focus is on trades with little or no need for capital, premises, materials or formal qualifications, the licensing of which was nevertheless frequently dependent on a lengthy and laborious process of assessment. The methods by which applicants endeavoured to approach the authorities (or indeed avoid them) are outlined, along with how they made use of official categories, how they pursued their application with varying degrees of persistence and success, the information and arguments they put forward, and ultimately the role they played in shaping public administration (and thus also the opportunities and requirements for practising a trade).
The ›Head of Household‹
Authors: Brückweh Kerstin 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The household forms an important category in social science research. It is used to collect data, to classify it and to represent the results. However, what seems to be a simple listing of facts becomes less clear when a basic question is raised: What is a household? Is it a family living under one roof? Is a roof limited to a house, or does a flat already constitute a household? Do members of a household have to be officially related, meaning married, adopted etc., or even related by blood? And how do households and definitions of households differ over time and space? Some definitions like the United Nations’s dwelling concept, for example, sound pragmatic with little regard to the social relationships of the actual human beings living in a household. However, there are indeed power relations within a household (e.g. between parents and children). Social scientists also observed these everyday asymmetries and therefore constructed a hierarchy in social classifications when they placed the household in a specific class according to the ›Head of Household‹ or the ›Household Reference Person‹, the ›Chief Wage Earner‹, the ›Householder‹ etc. The different designations of the reference person indicate that it is not an easy task to name this person or to define this person without a normative bias. By taking the example of Great Britain, this article demonstrates that the definition of the ›Head of Household‹ was a normative category rather than a descriptive one, meaning that it was less able to facilitate analysis of social reality and that it fortified a normative view with the help of statistics. While feminists and other historical actors in different states, for example the U.S., already criticised the normative bias of the definition in the 1960s and 1970s, a different question seems to be of equal or even greater importance to the historian: How, when and why did different nations and professions decide to drop the normative in favour of a descriptive definition of the ›Head of Household‹? This leads to a more general question: How did administrators, statisticians and other survey researchers deal with the aim of long-term stability of statistical categories for the sake of comparability, e.g. in a national census, on the one hand, and with adaption to societal change on the other hand? In taking the example of the United Kingdom, the following story combines aspects of a history of knowledge with administrative history.
Colonial Bureaucrats, Institutional Transplants, and Development in the 20th Century
Authors: Seidler Valentin 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The article presents a new research agenda which links the composition of the British colonial administrations in the mid-20th century with the economic development of former colonies. It presents the first findings taken from the biographical records of over 14,000 senior colonial officers which served in 46 colonies between 1939 and 1966. Legal transplanting, i.e. the process of copying foreign law into countries lacking them, is discussed as a common practice in international development efforts and as new approach in understanding long-term economic development. The approach puts emphasis on the senior bureaucrats who are in charge of institutional copying. Successful transplanting requires very specific training and personal experience in the receiving society. Colonial officers with such characteristics served in the British colonial administrations while decolonization provides a historic period of intensified legal and institutional transplanting.
Staat, Verwaltung und Raum im langen 19. Jahrhundert
Authors: Nellen Stefan , Stockinger Thomas 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
A particular relationship with space, usually called territoriality, is one of the essential characteristics of the modern state. This statement was long considered a commonplace. Recent debates, however, have raised new fundamental questions about both space and the state which require a re-examination of both terms, and thus of the connections between them as well. This introduction maps out some of the terminological and theoretical ground for research into these questions. We successively examine the conceptual history of the state, of public administration, and of space, pointing out reifying uses of all three notions which have been repudiated in theoretical debates but remain influential in many historiographical accounts, as well as in popular discourse. We highlight alternative approaches suggested by newer authors. In particular, we describe both the state and administration in terms of assemblages of people, institutions, and objects. Given that this perspective is also used in some current socio-cultural theories of space, we conclude that states and administrations not only exist in space, use space, and create and shape spaces, but that they are themselves spaces and can be analyzed using the methodological tools which apply to spaces of any kind.
Building a Local Administration Abroad
Authors: Jestin Mathieu 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Consulates, both in the 19th century and today, exist in a sort of hybrid space: Established by one sovereign entity in the territory of another, on the basis of exterritorial concessions, they depend on not one but two sets of legislation without being wholly defined by either one. This paper takes a local approach to a global phenomenon by considering the French consulate in Salonica (Thessaloniki) from the late 18th to the early 20th century from the perspective of a ›history of administrative reality‹. It shows how this consulate was located at the intersection of two state-building projects: those of France and the Ottoman Empire, both vying for control of the local space in which the consulate was active. While the French state strove to integrate its consulates into the internal logic of its expanding bureaucracy, and thus to extend its legal space beyond the borders of its own territory, the modernizing efforts of the Empire tended to reduce the immunities of exterritorial institutions with a view toward homogenizing and effectively controlling imperial space. The gaps and conflicts between the rival state-building agendas, as well as local factors beyond the control of either, created a local reality in which the consular personnel had the challenge and the opportunity to shape their own space of action. In this way, the consular district appears as a spatial entity somewhat resembling a state in miniature.
Akteure im Dazwischen
Authors: Soursos Nathalie Patricia , Ransmayr Anna 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
From the late 18th century to the end of the Habsburg Monarchy in 1918, Vienna’s two Greek Orthodox communities administered a remarkable number of endowments. By founding endowments the benefactors acted between several spaces and subspaces. The transgression of boundaries by endowments addressed to the benefactors’ hometowns in the Ottoman Empire as well as the instability of these boundaries in the 19th century led to various problems in the interaction with the state authorities. But also endowments given to Viennese institutions were sometimes problematic, depending on the benefactors’ character as either Ottoman or Habsburg subjects. In contrast to Ottoman subjects, Habsburg subjects could also endow real estate and thus show their integration into the Viennese bourgeoisie. In this article we discuss the legal frameworks for the administration of endowments in the two Greek communities in Vienna as well as its practical realization in interaction with the Habsburg authorities.
Grundherrschaftliche Verwaltung, Staat und Raum in den böhmischen und österreichischen Ländern der Habsburgermonarchie vom ausgehenden 18. Jahrhundert bis 1848
Authors: Löffler Josef 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to analyze the relation between manorial administration, the emerging state, and space in the Austrian and Bohemian lands of the Habsburg monarchy between the end of the 18th century and the abolishment of the manorial system in 1848. The themes that will be discussed are the spaces of manorial administration, with a focus on the various manorial rights and their spatial relation to each other; the role of manors in the state-building process, which in the Habsburg Monarchy is closely linked with the reform period in the second half of the 18th century; and finally the relationship between state, manors, and subjects in the first half of the 19th century, with emphasis on administrative practice.
Die Verwaltungsgliederung Preußens zwischen historisch-ständischen, administrativ-staatlichen und liberal-politischen Interessen (1815–1867)
Authors: Manca Anna Gianna 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The paper deals with the question of the administrative districts in an overall Prussian perspective and emphasizes, above all, the central political role played by the provincial districts and their main authorities within the spaces of the state and of administrative activity. On this basis, it will be possible to adequately appreciate the revolutionary but unsuccessful attempt to abolish them in 1848 by the liberaldemocratic wing of the Constitutional Commission of the Prussian National Assembly, as has not yet been accomplished within the existing historiography.
First, the origins of the spatial-territorial division of Prussia existing around the middle of the 19th century are discussed. Within this framework special attention has been paid to the introduction of a provincial division, which led to that organization of internal administration into four instances under the minister (provinces, governmental districts, districts, municipalities) which was a peculiarity of the Prussian political and administrative spatial division compared with the other states of the German Confederation. Questions such as those of the basic division of the state’s space are so radical that they are usually raised with some prospect of success only at the foundation of states or during revolutions. Immediately afterwards, they tend to be included in the list of ›depoliticized technicalities‹, although they retain their fundamental importance for ensuring the political and administrative continuity of the state.
Space and Administrative Boundaries at the Birth of the Italian Kingdom
Authors: Blanco Luigi 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The essay analyses the relationship between administration and territory at the birth of the Italian unitary state. Following the discussions of the time involving scholars of diverse disciplinary provenance, politicians, and administrators, the essay highlights the main problems encountered by the design of the administrative districts of the new Kingdom of Italy: the territorial contradictions and the imbalances that conditioned their initial structure and subsequent history; the legacy of the boundaries and internal territorial divisions of the former states of the peninsula; the various proposals put forward for the country’s regional organization by geographers, statisticians and politicians, even before the completion of unification; the territorial and administrative problems of the new state: natural or artificial districts, small or large provinces, the weight of municipalities, projects of regionalization; the contribution of new sciences, such as geography and statistics; the choice of administrative centralization, with its inevitable consequences on the boundaries of territorial partitions, linked to the ›exceptionality‹ of the historical moment.
The expression of Drosha, DGCR8, Dicer and Ago-2 genes are upregulated in human umbilical vein endothelial cells under hyperglycemic condition
Authors: Soufi Farhad Ghadiri , Zonouzi Ali Akbar Poursadegh , Eftekhar Ebrahim , Kamali Kamila , Chegeni Sara Aghakhani , Zonouzi Ahmad Poursadegh 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Objectives. It has been shown that dysregulation of miRNAs expression contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of the diabetes and diabetes-related complications. Drosha, DGCR8, Dicer, and Ago-2 are involved in the miRNA maturation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mRNA expression levels of these genes in the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) under hyperglycemic condition.

Methods. HUVECs were cultured in normo-(5 mM) and hyperglycemic (25 mM) conditions for 24 h. As osmotic control, cells were treated with D-mannitol (25 mM, for 24 h). The mRNA expression levels of Drosha, DGCR8, Dicer and Ago-2 were evaluated using quantitative real-time PCR.

Results. The expression level of Drosha, DGCR8, Dicer, and Ago-2 were increased in hyperglycemic HUVECs compared to the control group.

Conclusion. Our results show that under hyperglycemic condition, expression of genes involved in the miRNA maturation was significantly increased in HUVECs. Upregulation of these genes may have role in diabetic complications through the dysregulation of the miRNA expression.