bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Competing Mortality in Patients With Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Low Soon Khai , Giannis Dimitrios , Bahaie Nourelhoda Sami , Trong Bao Long Hoang , Moris Dimitrios , Huy Nguyen Tien 
Published: July 2019

Objectives:
Patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are at increased risk of mortality from competing causes in light of the improvement in overall survival over recent decades. The purpose of this study was to explore the competing causes of deaths and the risk factors associated with competing mortality.

Materials and Methods:
The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was used to identify patients diagnosed with NETs between 1973 and 2015. Risk of competing mortality was estimated by the standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and by using the Fine and Gray multivariate regression model.

Results:
Of the 29,981 NET patients, 42.5% of the deaths that occurred during follow-up were attributed to competing causes (83.9% from noncancer causes and 16.1% from second primary neoplasms). Overall SMR of competing mortality was 2.50 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.43-2.56). The SMR of noncancer causes was 2.65 (95% CI: 2.58-2.73), with the highest risk present within the first year of diagnosis. The SMR of second primary neoplasms was 1.91 (95% CI: 1.79-2.04), with the highest risk observed after 10-year postdiagnosis. A drastic rise in competing mortality was observed in the last decade between 2005 and 2015. Advanced age, black race, small intestinal and gastric NETs, and surgery were significantly associated with competing mortality. Female, pancreatic and recto-anal NETs, distant and regional spread, chemotherapy and radiotherapy were significantly associated with lower competing mortality.

Conclusions:
Competing mortality plays an increasingly significant role over the years and may hamper efforts made to improve survival outcomes in NET patients.
Patient-Reported Psychological Distress After Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection
Authors: Edwards Katharine S. , Vaca Kelsey C. , Naderi Sahar , Tremmel Jennifer A. 
Published: July 2019

Purpose:
High rates of depression and anxiety are reported among patients who have experienced spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) but the incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate symptoms of PTSD in women who have experienced SCAD.

Methods:
This cross-sectional pilot study included 14 female SCAD patients, mean age of 51 yr, who responded to standardized psychosocial questionnaires at a median of 35 mo post-SCAD. Patients were identified by cardiologists as having had a SCAD event and were concurrently invited to participate in a psychosocial group for SCAD survivors.

Results:
Participants reported current symptoms of stress (93%), insomnia (57%), anxiety (71%), depression (36%), and PTSD (43%). Eight of the 11 women who reported having a mental health history (72.7%) indicated that their symptoms were related to having experienced SCAD. Health-related quality of life and social support were comparable with other all-female cardiac samples. Patterns of perceived control were more similar to those of patients with cancer than other cardiac patients in that SCAD patients ranked “chance” as more likely than “self-control” to impact medical outcomes.

Conclusions:
The prevalence of PTSD symptoms in this first-known assessment of post-traumatic stress among SCAD patients is concerning. The unexpected nature of SCAD and lack of known treatment options may play a role in patient distress. Future research is needed to accurately estimate rates of PTSD after SCAD and assess the benefits of treatment.
Epidermal expression of human TRPM8, but not of TRPA1 ion channels, is associated with sensory responses to local skin cooling
Authors: Weyer-Menkhoff Iris , Pinter Andreas , Schlierbach Hannah , Schänzer Anne , Lötsch Jörn 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Human cold perception and nociception play an important role in persisting pain. However, species differences in the target temperature of thermosensitive ion channels expressed in peripheral nerve endings have fueled discussions about the mechanism of cold nociception in humans. Most frequently implicated thermosensors are members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channel family TRPM8 and TRPA1. Regularly observed, distinct cold pain phenotype groups suggested the existence of interindividually differing molecular bases. In 28 subjects displaying either high or medium sensitivity to local cooling of the skin, the density at epidermal nerve fibers of TRPM8, but not that of TRPA1 expression, correlated significantly with the cold pain threshold. Moreover, reproducible grouping of the subjects, based on high or medium sensitivity to cooling, was reflected in an analogous grouping based on high or low TRPM8 expression at epidermal nerve fibers. The distribution of TRPM8 expression in epidermal nerve fibers provided an explanation for the previously observed (bi)modal distribution of human cold pain thresholds which was reproduced in this study. In the light of current controversies on the role of human TRPA1 ion channels in cold pain perception, the present observations demonstrating a lack of association of TRPA1 channel expression with cold sensitivity–related measures reinforce doubts about involvement of this channel in cold pain in humans. Since TRP inhibitors targeting TRPM8 and TRPA1 are currently entering clinical phases of drug development, the existence of known species differences, in particular in the function of TRPA1, emphasizes the increasing importance of new methods to directly approach the roles of TRPs in humans.
Enhanced Recovery After Surgery and the ERAS® Society
Authors: Ljungqvist Olle 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This is a short review of the development of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery and the role that the ERAS® Society has played. It covers the history in short, the guideline work from the society and implementation of the guidelines, as well as the philosophy and physiology behind ERAS and finally also some ideas around the future and the development of research collaboration.
The relationship between guarding, pain, and emotion
Authors: Olugbade Temitayo , Bianchi-Berthouze Nadia , Williams Amanda C de C. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Introduction:
Pain-related behavior in people with chronic pain is often overlooked in a focus on increasing the amount of activity, yet it may limit activity and maintain pain and disability. Targeting it in treatment requires better understanding of the role of beliefs, emotion, and pain in pain behavior.

Objectives:
This study aimed to clarify the interrelationships between guarding, pain, anxiety, and confidence in movement in people with chronic pain in everyday movements.

Methods:
Physiotherapists rated extent of guarding on videos of people with chronic pain and healthy controls making specific movements. Bayesian modelling was used to determine how guarding was related to self-reported pain intensity, anxiety, and emotional distress, and observer-rated confidence in movement.

Results:
The absence of guarding was associated with low levels of pain, anxiety, distress, and higher movement self-efficacy, but guarding behavior occurred at high and low levels of each of those variables. Guarding was not directly dependent on pain but on anxiety; the relationship between pain and guarding was mediated by anxiety, with a high probability. Nor was guarding directly related to the broader distress score, but to self-efficacy for movement, again with a high probability.

Conclusion:
Pain-related guarding is more likely to be effectively addressed by intervention to reduce anxiety rather than pain (such as analgesia); more attention to how people move with chronic pain, rather than only how much they move, is likely to help to extend activity.
Morphological Eyelids Changing After Orthognathic Surgery in Long-Face Syndrome
Authors: Carboni Andrea , Amodeo Giulia , Perugini Maurizio , Marrocco Sergio , Scopelliti Domenico 
Published: July 2019

Purpose:
The aim of the authors study is to demonstrate the soft tissues changes in the eyelid–brow area (ELBA) in patients with long-face syndrome after LeFort I osteotomy and impaction movements.

Materials and Methods:
To perform this study the authors have analyzed retrospectively orthognathic patients with at least 1 years of completely follow-up. The inclusion criteria were: long-face syndrome according to Farkas’ studies and vertical maxillary shortening movement without considering whether movements have been made in the other 2 planes of space (sagittal and horizontal).
Orthognathic patients in which the maxillary impaction movement did not correlate to the long-face syndrome represented the control group. In this group too the authors did not consider if other movements were performed.
Size and shape of the eyelid and the eyebrow was assessed on the frontal patients photos calibrated on the three-dimensional soft tissue volume imported from cone beam computed tomography.
Two reference lines were taken: a horizontal line from the nasal point passing through both medial canthal angles and a perpendicular line through the pupil centre bilaterally. Then the measures were taken.
The same operator (A.C.) took all of the measurements.
In both groups, the preoperative measures were then compared with the postoperative ones. Then the soft tissue changes in both groups were compared.

Results:
The results demonstrate different reaction of the ELBA after orthognathic surgery. The ELBA's position changes in long-face patients in a higher position after maxillary impaction. The authors did not obtain the same results in patients who do not have long-face syndrome.

Conclusions:
Repositioning skeletal bases in patients with long face causes a change in the ELBA's morphology.
Do Age and Disease Stage Impact Cognition and Balance in Older Adults and Persons With Parkinson Disease?
Authors: Gallagher Rosemary , Farella-Accurso Michelle , Johnson Dara , Kang Ramanjit , Rodriguez Angel , Parrott J. Scott , Cohen Evan 
Published: July 2019

Background:
The combination of age and having Parkinson disease (PD) may result in deficits in cognition and balance over and above that of healthy older adults.

Objective:
To determine the impact of age and disease on cognition and balance in younger and older adults with and without PD.

Methods:
Forty people with PD and 28 healthy adults participated. Cognition was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Balance was assessed using the Mini Balance Evaluation Systems Test (MiniBESTest).

Results:
People with PD performed worse on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and MiniBESTest compared with healthy controls. No main or interaction effects of age were found.

Conclusions:
Although people with PD scored more poorly on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and MiniBESTest than healthy adults, the results were independent of age in this sample.
Aerosolization of Second-generation Triazoles: In Vitro Evaluation and Application in Therapy of Invasive Airway Aspergillosis
Authors: Thanukrishnan Harisudhan , Corcoran Timothy E. , Iasella Carlo J. , Moore Cody A. , Nero Joseph A. , Morrell Matthew R. , McDyer John F. , Hussain Shahid , Nguyen M. Hong , Venkataramanan Raman , Ensor Christopher R. 
Published: July 2019

Background.
A lung transplant patient with invasive aspergillosis (IA) manifested symptoms of voriconazole-induced transaminitis with systemic voriconazole and progression of IA after switching to oral posaconazole. With limited options for standard triazole therapy, aerosolized delivery with one of the second-generation triazoles was considered.

Methods.
Feasibility for aerosolized delivery was evaluated using cascade impactor and analysis of physicochemical characteristics of voriconazole (10 mg/mL) and posaconazole (6, 12 mg/mL) solutions.

Results.
Both triazoles showed favorable characteristics for aerosol delivery with mass median aerodynamic diameter, geometric standard deviation, respirable fraction (<5.4 µm) of 2.8 µm, 2.0, 86%; 3.4 µm, 2.4, 78%; and 3.0 µm, 2.3, 79% for voriconazole and 6, 12 mg/mL of posaconazole, respectively. Aspergillus fumigatus isolate from the patient was more susceptible to voriconazole, and hence aerosolized voriconazole was introduced around the third month posttransplant at 40 mg TID for 1 week, 40 mg BID for 1 week, followed by 40 mg daily thereafter, along with IV caspofungin (50 mg/d) and liposomal amphotericin B (300 mg/d). The aerosol regimen was well tolerated by the patient with undetectable trough plasma levels of voriconazole. Bronchoscopy at the fourth month revealed improvement in anastomotic plaques with reduction in bronchoalveolar lavage galactomannan values (7.48–2.15 ng/mL). This consolidated aerosolized and intravenous regimen was maintained until 2.97 years posttransplant.

Conclusions.
The intravenous solutions of both second-generation triazoles showed characteristics that were suitable for aerosol delivery. Our report further adds to the therapeutic experience with the use of aerosolized voriconazole for IA in a lung transplant patient.
Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Inhibitors Combined With Calcineurin Inhibitors as Initial Immunosuppression in Renal Transplantation: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Montero Nuria , Quero Maria , Melilli Edoardo , Pérez-Sáez María José , Redondo-Pachón Dolores , Bestard Oriol , Crespo Marta , Cruzado Josep M. , Pascual Julio 
Published: July 2019

Background.The current standard of care immunosuppressive regimen in kidney transplantation (KT) includes a combination of mycophenolates (MMF/MPA) with a calcineurin inhibitor (CNI).Methods.We designed a systematic review including all randomized clinical trials (RCTs) assessing the outcomes in KT recipients receiving mTORi + CNI compared with regimens containing MMF/MPA or azathioprine with CNI.Results.A total of 24 studies with 7356 participants were included. The comparison between mTORi-CNI and MMF/MPA-CNI did not show differences in acute rejection, mortality, or graft loss rates. Better graft function was observed using MMF/MPA-CNI than using mTORi + CNI, but this difference was not evident when the mTORi was associated with reduced dose CNI in more recent studies with everolimus. Dyslipidemia, lymphoceles, and impaired wound healing were more frequent with mTORi-CNI and diarrhea and leukopenia were more frequent with MMF/MPA-CNI. Viral infections at any time and malignant neoplasia beyond 2 years were less frequent with mTORi-CNI. Rates of discontinuation because of adverse effects in the mTORi groups varied between 17% and 46% compared to 0%–26.6% in MMF/MPA groups. The current use of lower mTORi dosage has decreased the discontinuation rates.Conclusions.Efficacy is similar with mTORi + CNI and MMF/MPA-CNI. The safety profile is the predominant difference between the 2 regimens.
Update in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy
Authors: Waldrop Megan A. , Flanigan Kevin M. 
Published: July 2019

Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is to highlight updates in the standard of care recommendations for DMD, and to describe approaches to and recent advances in genetic therapies for DMD.

Recent findings
Treatment of DMD patients with the corticosteroids prednisone or deflazacort remains the standard of care, and recent data shows that early treatment (as young as 5 months) with a weekend dosing regimen results in measurable improvement in motor outcomes. A mutation-specific therapy directed at restoring an open reading frame by skipping exon 51 is FDA-approved, and therapies directed at other exons are in trials. Gene replacement therapy shows significant promise in animal models, and trials are underway. Genome editing has received significant attention because of results in animal models, but challenges to implementation in humans remain.

Summary
The mainstay of treatment remains meeting well defined standards of care that have been shown to influence morbidity and mortality. These include use of systemic steroids, early nocturnal ventilatory support, appropriate cardiac care and prophylaxis, and wherever appropriate, scoliosis surgery. Early and accurate molecular diagnosis, along with appropriate and multidisciplinary care, provides the best opportunity for maximum benefit of both current standard and upcoming novel therapies for boys with DMD. Among the most promising of these is AAV-based gene replacement therapy, which is currently in clinical trials.
Teacher-rated aggression and co-occurring behaviors and problems among schoolchildren: A comparison of four population-based European cohorts
Authors: Whipp A , Vuoksimaa E , Bolhuis K , de Zeeuw EL , Korhonen T , Mauri M , Pulkkinen L , Rimfeld K , Rose RJ , van Beijsterveldt T CEM , Bartels M , Plomin R , Tiemeier H , Kaprio J , Boomsma DI 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAggressive behavior in school is an ongoing concern, with the current focus mostly on specific manifestations such as bullying and extreme violence. Children spend a substantial amount of time in school, but their behaviors in the school setting tend to be less well characterized than in the home setting. Since aggression may index multiple behavioral problems, we assessed associations of teacher-rated aggressive behavior with co-occurring externalizing/internalizing problems and social behavior in 39,936 schoolchildren from 4 population-based cohorts from Finland, the Netherlands, and the UK. Mean levels of aggressive behavior differed significantly by gender. Correlations of aggressive behavior were high with all other externalizing problems (0.47-0.80) and lower with internalizing problems (0.02-0.39). A negative association was seen with prosocial behavior (−0.33 to −0.54). Despite the higher mean levels of aggressive behavior in boys, the correlations were notably similar for boys and girls (e.g., aggressive-hyperactivity correlations: 0.51-0.75 boys, 0.47-0.70 girls) and did not vary greatly with respect to age, instrument or cohort. Thus, aggressive behavior at school rarely occurs in isolation and children with problems of aggressive behavior likely require help with other behavioral and emotional problems. It is important to note that greater aggressive behavior is not only associated with greater amount of other externalizing and internalizing problems but also with lower levels of prosocial behavior.
Optimal choice of parameters in functional connectome-based predictive modelling might be biased by motion: comment on Dadi et al
Authors: Spisak Tamas , Kincses Balint , Bingel Ulrike 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn a recent study, Dadi and colleagues make recommendations on optimal parameters for functional connectome-based predictive models. While the authors acknowledge that “optimal choices of parameters will differ on datasets with very different properties”, some questions regarding the universality of the recommended “default values” remain unanswered.Namely, as already briefly discussed by Dadi et al., the datasets used in the target study might not be representative regarding the sparsity of the (hidden) ground truth (i.e. the number of non-informative connections), which might affect the performance of L1- and L2-regularization approaches and feature selection.Here we exemplify that, at least in one of the investigated datasets systematic motion artefacts might bias the discriminative signal towards “non-sparsity”, which might lead to underestimating the performance of L1-regularized models and feature selection.We conclude that the expected sparsity of the discriminative signal should be carefully considered when planning predictive modelling workflows and the neuroscientific validity of predictive models should be investigated to account for non-neural confounds.
TMEM16F phospholipid scramblase mediates trophoblast fusion and placental development
Authors: Zhang Yang , Le Trieu , Grabau Ryan , Mohseni Zahra , Kim Hoejeong , Natale David R. , Feng Liping , Pan Hua , Yang Huanghe 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCell-cell fusion or syncytialization is fundamental to the reproduction, development and homeostasis of multicellular organisms. In addition to various cell-type specific fusogenic proteins, cell surface externalization of phosphatidylserine (PS), a universal eat-me signal in apoptotic cells, has been observed in different cell-fusion events. Nevertheless, molecular underpinnings of PS externalization and cellular mechanisms of PS-facilitated cell-cell fusion are unclear. Here we report that TMEM16F, a Ca2+-activated phospholipid scramblase (CaPLSase), plays an indispensable role in placental trophoblast fusion by translocating PS to the cell surface independent of apoptosis. Consistent with its essential role in trophoblast fusion, the placentas from TMEM16F-deficient mice exhibit deficiency in syncytialization, placental developmental defects and perinatal lethality. Our findings thus identify a cell-cell fusion mechanism by which TMEM16F CaPLSase-dependent externalization of PS serves as a critical cell fusion signal to facilitate trophoblast syncytialization and placental development.
A novel subtype of pineal projection neurons expressing melanopsin share a common developmental program with classical projection neurons
Authors: Sapède Dora , Chaigne Clair , Blader Patrick , Cau Elise 
Published: July 2019

SummaryThe zebrafish pineal organ is a photoreceptive structure containing two main neuronal populations (photoreceptors and projections neurons). Here we describe a new pineal cell type that harbors both characteristics of projection neurons and photoreceptors. Indeed, a subpopulation of projection neurons expresses the melanopsin geneopn4xasuggesting photoreceptive properties. This population of hybrid cell fates, share a similar behaviour regarding dependency for BMP and Notch signalling pathways with classical non-photosensitive projection neurons (PNs) suggesting they are closer to the PN population. We describe two distinct types of activity within PNs: an achromatic LIGHT OFF activity inopn4xa−PNs and a LIGHT ON activity elicited by green and blue light inopn4xa+ PNs. Altogether the discovery and characterization ofopn4xa+ PNs suggest a previously unanticipated heterogeneity in the projection neuron population.
Ki-67 promotes sequential stages of tumourigenesis by enabling cellular plasticity
Authors: Mrouj K. , Singh P. , Sobecki M. , Dubra G. , Al Ghoul E. , Aznar A. , Prieto S. , Pirot N. , Bernex F. , Bordignon B. , Hassen-Khodja C. , Pouzolles M. , Zimmerman V. , Dardalhon V. , Krasinska L. , Fisher D. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTRecent studies have shown that the cell proliferation antigen Ki-67 is not required for cell proliferation. Here, we demonstrate that Ki-67 enables implementation of transcriptional programmes conferring cellular plasticity, and is required for each step of tumour initiation, growth and metastasis. Ki-67 knockout causes global transcriptome remodelling, which, in mammary carcinoma cells, inhibits the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in a polycomb-repressive complex 2-dependent manner. This results in suppression of stem cell characteristics and sensitisation to various drug classes. Cancer cells lacking Ki-67 proliferate normallyin vivo, but tumour growth is inhibited due to disrupted angiogenesis, and metastasis is abrogated. Finally, mice lacking Ki-67 are resistant to chemical or genetic induction of intestinal tumourigenesis. Thus, Ki-67, which is expressed in all proliferating cancer cells, confers the plasticity required for different steps of carcinogenesis.