bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacteria‐Assisted Selective Photothermal Therapy for Precise Tumor Inhibition
Authors: Wang Shi‐Bo , Liu Xin‐Hua , Li Bin , Fan Jin‐Xuan , Ye Jing‐Jie , Cheng Han , Zhang Xian‐Zheng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPhotothermal therapy (PTT) has drawn extensive research attention as a promising approach for tumor treatment. In this study, a bacteria‐assisted strategy relying on the selective reduction of perylene diimide derivative based supramolecular complex (CPPDI) to radical anions (RAs) by Escherichia coli in hypoxic tumors is developed to realize highly precise PTT of tumors. Noninvasive E. coli are first injected intravenously for selectively accumulating and replicating in the tumor due to the hypoxia tropism. Then, CPPDI is loaded in a peptide‐hybrid matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2) responsive liposome (MRL) and injected intravenously. After accumulated and released from MRL in the tumor where MMP‐2 is overexpressed, CPPDI is reduced by E. coli in the hypoxic tumor environment to produce CPPDI RAs (CRAs), which serve as effective photothermal agents for tumor cells thermal ablation under near‐infrared light irradiation. Since E. coli accumulate and grow in tumor sites selectively, this strategy accurately limits the production of CRAs in tumors for highly selective PTT, which will find great potential for precise tumor inhibition.
Supramolecular Toxin Complexes for Targeted Pharmacological Modulation of Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Functions
Authors: Heck Astrid Johanna , Ostertag Theresa , Schnell Leonie , Fischer Stephan , Agrawalla Bikram Keshari , Winterwerber Pia , Wirsching Eva , Fauler Michael , Frick Manfred , Kuan Seah Ling , Weil Tanja , Barth Holger 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe targeted pharmacological modulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) is of major medical interest. These innate immune cells play a central role in the defense against pathogenic microorganisms. However, their excessive chemotactic recruitment into tissues after traumatic injury is detrimental due to local and systemic inflammation. Rho‐GTPases, being the master regulators of the actin cytoskeleton, regulate migration and chemotaxis of PMNs, are attractive pharmacological targets. Herein, supramolecular protein complexes are assembled in a “mix‐and‐match” approach containing the specific Rho‐inhibiting clostridial C3 enzyme and three PMN‐binding peptides using an avidin platform. Selective delivery of the C3 Rho‐inhibitor with these complexes into the cytosol of human neutrophil‐like NB‐4 cells and primary human PMNs ex vivo is demonstrated, where they catalyze the adenosine diphosphate (ADP) ribosylation of Rho and induce a characteristic change in cell morphology. Notably, the complexes do not deliver C3 enzyme into human lung epithelial cells, A549 lung cancer cells, and immortalized human alveolar epithelial cells (hAELVi), demonstrating their cell type‐selectivity. The supramolecular complexes represent attractive molecular tools to decipher the role of PMNs in infection and inflammation or for the development of novel therapeutic approaches for diseases that are associated with hyperactivity and reactivity of PMNs such as post‐traumatic injury.
Hypotonic Stress Induces Fast, Reversible Degradation of the Vimentin Cytoskeleton via Intracellular Calcium Release
Authors: Pan Leiting , Zhang Ping , Hu Fen , Yan Rui , He Manni , Li Wan , Xu Jingjun , Xu Ke 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe dynamic response of the cell to osmotic changes is critical to its physiology and is widely exploited for cell manipulation. Here, using three‐dimensional stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (3D‐STORM), a super‐resolution technique, the hypotonic stress‐induced ultrastructural changes of the cytoskeleton of a common fibroblast cell type are examined. Unexpectedly, these efforts lead to the discovery of a fast, yet reversible dissolution of the vimentin intermediate filament system that precedes ultrastructural changes of the supposedly more dynamic actin and tubulin cytoskeletal systems as well as changes in cell morphology. In combination with calcium imaging and biochemical analysis, it is shown that the vimentin‐specific fast cytoskeletal degradation under hypotonic stress is due to proteolysis by the calcium‐dependent protease calpain. The process is found to be activated by the hypotonic stress‐induced calcium release from intracellular stores, and is therefore efficiently suppressed by inhibiting any part of the IP3‐Ca2+‐calpain pathway established in this study. Together, these findings highlight an unexpected, fast degradation mechanism for the vimentin cytoskeleton in response to external stimuli, and point to the significant, yet previously overlooked physiological impacts of hypotonic stress‐induced intracellular calcium release on cell ultrastructure and function.
A Universal Principle to Design Reversible Aqueous Batteries Based on Deposition–Dissolution Mechanism
Authors: Liang Guojin , Mo Funian , Li Hongfei , Tang Zijie , Liu Zhuoxin , Wang Donghong , Yang Qi , Ma Longtao , Zhi Chunyi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractConventional charge storage mechanisms for electrode materials are common in widely exploited insertion/extraction processes, while some sporadic examples of chemical conversion mechanisms exist. It is perceived to be of huge potential, but it is quite challenging to develop new battery chemistry to promote battery performance. Here, an initiating and holistic deposition–dissolution battery mechanism for both cathodes and anodes is reported. A MnO2–Cu battery based on this mechanism demonstrates outstanding energy density (27.7 mWh cm−2), power density (1232 mW cm−2), high reversibility, and unusual Coulombic efficiency. It can be charged to 0.8 mAh cm−2 within 42 s and possessees a stable rate cyclability within vastly varied discharging current density (4–64 mA cm−2). Moreover, the deposition–dissolution mechanism can be universally adopted and derived such that the corresponding MnO2–Zn and MnO2–Bi batteries are successfully constructed. The material selection principle, deposition–dissolution behaviors of cathode/anode materials, and battery performance are systematically elaborated. Since the electrodeposition chemistry is capable of involving a large family of materials, for example, metal oxides as cathode materials, or metals as anode materials, the research could be a model system to open a door to explore new aqueous battery materials and chemistry.
Oxidant‐Controlled Divergent Syntheses of Pyrazoles and Pyrroles by Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling of β‐Enamino Esters
Authors: Jang Su San , Chang Jun Yeong , Kang Gil Yeong , Youn So Won 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCopper(I)‐catalyzed oxidative annulations of β‐enamino esters with oxidant dependence are disclosed. These reactions offer divergent syntheses of fully substituted pyrazoles and pyrroles from a common enamine substrate through sequential C−C and N−N or C−N bond‐forming reactions in the presence of nitriles as reagent or cosolvent. A mechanism involving radical intermediates generated by single‐electron transfer (SET) is proposed for both processes.
Copper‐Catalyzed Group‐Transfer Radical Cyclization of γ,δ‐Unsaturated Oxime Esters: Synthesis of Ester‐Functionalized Pyrrolines
Authors: Zhao Jinghui , Bao Yinwei , Wang Yuebo , Chen Chen , Zhu Bolin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe have realized an atom‐economical reaction for the synthesis of ester‐functionalized pyrrolines via a copper‐catalyzed group‐transfer radical cyclization of γ,δ‐unsaturated oxime esters, during which a new C−N bond, a new C−O bond and a five‐membered ring were formed in one step. By using this protocol, a sequence of structurally diversiform acyloxyl‐substituted pyrrolines bearing a quaternary carbon center were obtained in moderate to good yields (35–95%).
Beyond Bergmann's rule: Global variability in human body composition is associated with annual average precipitation and annual temperature volatility
Authors: Wells Jonathan C. , Saunders Mark A. , Lea Adam S. , Cortina‐Borja Mario , Shirley Meghan K. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesHuman populations exhibit substantial geographical variability in body size and shape. However, the ecological stresses underlying this morphological variability remain poorly understood. The prevailing evolutionary explanation, “Bergmann's rule” assumes that morphological variability represents an adaptive response to average thermal conditions. We hypothesized that other climate factors—annual average precipitation, a marker of ecological productivity and inter‐annual temperature volatility, a marker of infectious disease spikes—may also contribute to variability in body composition.Materials and MethodsWe explored this hypothesis by examining associations between these climate factors and geographic variability in body composition across 133 male and 105 female populations from nonindustrialized settings. We used monthly climate data over 113 years (1901–2013) to develop new climate indices for all worldwide land areas. We stratified our analyses by hot/cold setting (>/<20°C).ResultsIn hot environments, lean mass increased as predicted in association with ecological productivity, and decreased in association with ecological volatility. Conversely, levels of body fat increased in association with temperature volatility and precipitation. However, in cold settings, equivalent associations were only partially consistent with our hypotheses, and there was suggestive evidence of sex differences in these associations.DiscussionBeyond associations with mean annual temperature predicted by Bergmann's rule, variability in human body composition is also associated with mean annual temperature and inter‐annual temperature volatility, with these associations further differing between hot and cold settings. Collectively, our results suggest that associations of human body composition with climate are complex for both physique (fat‐free mass) and energy stores (adiposity).
Atomic/Molecular Layer Deposited Iron–Azobenzene Framework Thin Films for Stimuli‐Induced Gas Molecule Capture/Release
Authors: Khayyami Aida , Philip Anish , Karppinen Maarit 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe atomic/molecular layer deposition (ALD/MLD) technique provides an elegant way to grow crystalline metal–azobenzene thin films directly from gaseous precursors; the photoactive azobenzene linkers thus form an integral part of the crystal framework. Reversible water capture/release behavior for these thin films can be triggered through the trans–cis photoisomerization reaction of the azobenzene moieties in the structure. The ALD/MLD approach could open up new horizons for example, for the emerging fields of remotely controlled drug delivery and gas storage.
Design and preparation of magnetic mesoporous melamine–formaldehyde resin: A novel material for pre‐concentration and determination of silver
Authors: Zhao Yanfang , Xu Lubin , Yang Chenggen , Chen Tian , Yu Lei 
Published: July 2019

Using commercially available melamine and formaldehyde as the starting materials, a magnetic mesoporous melamine–formaldehyde resin (MMF@Fe3O4) possessing large surface area was prepared via a simple method and could be used as an efficient adsorbent for magnetic solid‐phase extraction. Compared with the traditional synthetic methods of MMF@Fe3O4, this approach is easily operated under mild conditions, is time‐saving and environmentally friendly, and can produce the material in high yields. The as‐prepared MMF@Fe3O4 possesses good adsorption capacity and selectivity for silver ions. The affecting factors such as pH, amount of MMF@Fe3O4, extraction time, desorption solvent, eluent concentration and sample volume were systematically investigated and optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the material exhibited a good response to silver ions at concentrations in the range 2.0–200 μg l−1 with good linearity (r2 = 0.9982), while the limit of detection was found to be 0.12 μg l−1. The material was successfully applied to the determination of silver in a variety of water samples.
Temporal and Geographical Variability of Prevalence and Incidence of Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnoses in Children in Catalonia, Spain
Authors: Pérez‐Crespo Laura , Prats‐Uribe Albert , Tobias Aurelio , Duran‐Tauleria Enric , Coronado Ricard , Hervás Amaia , Guxens Mònica 
Published: July 2019

This study aims to estimate the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in 2017 and the ASD diagnosis incidence between 2009 and 2017 in children living in Catalonia region in Spain, and their temporal and geographical variability. We used administrative data for all children aged 2–17 years who were insured in the public Catalan Health System between 2009 and 2017. We identified all ASD cases diagnosed between 2009 and 2017 (ICD‐9 codes 299.0, 299.1, 299.8, and 299.9). We estimated the ASD prevalence in 2017 and the overall annual incidence between 2009 and 2017, then stratified by sex, age group, and healthcare area. We used Poisson regression models to assess temporal trends in the incidence and mixed‐effects Poisson regression models to assess geographical variability. We observed an ASD prevalence of 1.23% (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.21–1.25) in 2017, with 1.95% (95% CI 1.92–1.99) for boys and 0.46% (95% CI 0.44–0.48) for girls, the highest prevalence being in 11‐ to 17‐year‐olds (1.80%, 95% CI 1.76–1.83). The ASD diagnosis incidence increased from 0.07% (95% CI 0.06–0.09) in 2009 to 0.23% (95% CI 0.21–0.24) in 2017, with a higher increase in girls, and in children aged 2–5 years at the time of diagnosis. We only observed geographical differences in prevalence in the 2017 data. We also detected a threefold increase in the diagnosis incidence overall, which was even more pronounced in girls and at early ages. In conclusion, the ASD prevalence observed in this study was 1.23% in 2017, with a sex ratio of 4.5 in favor of boys, which is consistent with previous studies. Autism Res2019. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryAutism spectrum disorders (ASD) are currently well known in our society as one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders during childhood. The results of our study showed that, in 2017 in Catalonia, slightly more than one in a 100 children had an ASD diagnosis, it was more common in boys than in girls, and also in older children. In addition, between 2009 and 2017, we observed an increase in the number of new cases diagnosed each year. The data presented in this study will assist in planning and evaluating the needs of health services in this geographical region.
Insight into the interaction of benzothiazole tethered triazole analogues with human serum albumin: Spectroscopy and molecular docking approaches
Authors: Yadav Priyanka , Kumar Yadav Jitendra , Dixit Arvind Kumar , Agarwal Alka , Kumar Awasthi Satish 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe interaction of four benzothiazole tethered triazole analogues (MS43, MS70, MS71, and MS78) with human serum albumin (HSA) was investigated using various spectroscopic techniques (ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) light absorption, fluorescence, circular dichroism (CD), molecular docking and density functional theory (DFT) studies). Fluorescence quenching constants (~1012) revealed a static mode of quenching and binding constants (Kb ~104) indicating the strong affinity of these analogues for HSA. Further alteration in the secondary structure of HSA in the presence of these analogues was also confirmed by far UV–CD spectroscopy. The intensity loss in CD studied at 222 nm indicated an increase in random coil/β‐sheet conformations in the protein. Binding energy values (MS71 (−9.3 kcal mol−1), MS78 (−8.02 kcal mol−1), MS70 (−7.16 kcal mol−1) and MS43 (−6.81 kcal mol−1)) obtained from molecular docking revealed binding of these analogues with HSA. Molecular docking and DFT studies validated the experimental results, as these four analogues bind with HSA at site II through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions.
Phenylalanine meta‐Hydroxylase: A Single Residue Mediates Mechanistic Control of Aromatic Amino Acid Hydroxylation
Authors: Grüschow Sabine , Sadler Joanna C. , Sharratt Peter J. , Goss Rebecca J. M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe rare nonproteinogenic amino acid, meta‐l‐tyrosine is biosynthetically intriguing. Whilst the biogenesis of tyrosine from phenylalanine is well characterised, the mechanistic basis for meta‐hydroxylation is unknown. Herein, we report the analysis of 3‐hydroxylase (Phe3H) from Streptomyces coeruleorubidus. Insights from kinetic analyses of the wild‐type enzyme and key mutants as well as of the biocatalytic conversion of synthetic isotopically labelled substrates and fluorinated substrate analogues advance understanding of the process by which meta‐hydroxylation is mediated, revealing T202 to play an important role. In the case of the WT enzyme, a deuterium label at the 3‐position is lost, whereas in in the T202A mutant 75 % retention is observed, with loss of stereospecificity. These data suggest that one of two possible mechanisms is at play; direct, enzyme‐catalysed deprotonation following electrophilic aromatic substitution or stereospecific loss of one proton after a 1,2‐hydride shift. Furthermore, our kinetic parameters for Phe3H show efficient regiospecific generation of meta‐l‐tyrosine from phenylalanine and demonstrate the enzyme's ability to regiospecifically hydroxylate unnatural fluorinated substrates.
Short‐term safety and long‐term benefits of stent postdilation after primary percutaneous coronary intervention: Results of a cohort study
Authors: Saadat Nasser , Saadatagah Seyedmohammad , Aghajani Nargesi Arash , Alidoosti Mohammad , Poorhosseini Hamidreza , Amirzadegan Alireza , Lashkari Reza , Mortazavi Seyedeh Hamideh , Jalali Arash , Ghodsi Saeed , Salarifar Mojtaba 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimAchieving the optimal apposition of coronary stents during percutaneous coronary intervention is not always feasible. The risks and benefits of stent postdilation in primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) in patients with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) have remained controversial. We sought to evaluate the immediate angiographic and long‐term outcomes in patients with and without stent postdilation.MethodsA cohort of patients (n = 1,224) with STEMI, treated with PPCI (n = 500 postdilated; n = 724 controls), were studied. The flow grade, the myocardial blush grade, and the frame count were considered angiographic outcomes. The clinical outcomes were major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE)—comprising cardiac death, nonfatal MI, and repeat revascularization—and the device‐oriented composite endpoint (DOCE)—consisting of cardiac death, target lesion revascularization, and target vessel revascularization.ResultsThe flow and myocardial blush grades were not different between the two groups, and the frame count was significantly lower in the postdilation group (15.7 ± 8.4 vs. 17 ± 10.4; p < .05). The patients were followed up for 348 ± 399 days. DOCE (2.2% vs. 5.8%) and cardiac mortality (1.2% vs. 3.2%) were lower in the postdilation group. In the fully adjusted propensity score‐matched analysis, postdilation was associated with decreased DOCE (HR = 0.40 [0.18–0.87], p = .021).ConclusionsSelective postdilation improved some angiographic and clinical outcomes and could not be discouraged in PPCI on patients with STEMI.
Temperature Control of Sequential Nucleation–Growth Mechanisms in Hierarchical Supramolecular Polymers
Authors: Osypenko Artem , Moulin Emilie , Gavat Odile , Fuks Gad , Maaloum Mounir , Koenis Mark A. J. , Buma Wybren Jan , Giuseppone Nicolas 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUpon cooling in solution, chiral triarylamine tris‐amide unimers produce organogels by stacking into helical supramolecular polymers, which subsequently bundle into larger fibers. Interestingly, circular dichroism, vibrational circular dichroism, and AFM imaging of the chiral self‐assemblies revealed that monocolumnar P‐helical fibrils formed upon fast cooling, whereas bundled M‐superhelical fibers formed upon slow cooling. The mechanistic study of this structural bifurcation reveals the presence of a strong memory effect, reminiscent of a complex stepwise combination of primary and secondary nucleation‐growth processes. These results highlight the instrumental role of sequential self‐assembly processes to control supramolecular architectures of multiple hierarchical order.
Enantiomeric impurities in chiral catalysts, auxiliaries, and synthons used in enantioselective syntheses. Part 5
Authors: Thakur Nimisha , Patil Rahul A. , Talebi Mohsen , Readel Elizabeth R. , Armstrong Daniel W. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe enantiomeric excess of chiral starting materials is one of the important factors determining the enantiopurity of products in asymmetric synthesis. Fifty‐one commercially available chiral reagents used as building blocks, catalysts, and auxiliaries in various enantioselective syntheses were assayed for their enantiomeric purity. The test results were classified within five impurities level (ie, <0.01%, 0.01%‐0.1%, 0.1%‐1%, 1%‐10%, >10%). Previously from 1998 to 2013, several reports have been published on the enantiomeric composition of more than 300 chiral reagents. This series of papers is necessitated by the fact that new reagents are forthcoming and that the enantiomeric purity of the same reagent can vary from batch to batch and/or from supplier to supplier. This report presents chiral liquid chromatography (LC) and gas chromatography (GC) methods to separate enantiomers of chiral compounds and evaluate their enantiomeric purities. The accurate and efficient LC analysis was done using newly introduced superficially porous particle (SPP 2.7 μm) based chiral stationary phases (TeicoShell, VancoShell, LarihcShell‐P, and NicoShell).
Invasive and antiplatelet treatment of patients with non‐ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction: Understanding and addressing the global risk‐treatment paradox
Authors: Ahrens Ingo , Averkov Oleg , Zúñiga Eduardo C. , Fong Alan Y. Y. , Alhabib Khalid F. , Halvorsen Sigrun , Abdul Kader Muhamad A. B. S. K. , Sanz‐Ruiz Ricardo , Welsh Robert , Yan Hongbin , Aylward Philip 
Published: July 2019

AbstractClinical guidelines for the treatment of patients with non‐ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) recommend an invasive strategy with cardiac catheterization, revascularization when clinically appropriate, and initiation of dual antiplatelet therapy regardless of whether the patient receives revascularization. However, although patients with NSTEMI have a higher long‐term mortality risk than patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), they are often treated less aggressively; with those who have the highest ischemic risk often receiving the least aggressive treatment (the “treatment‐risk paradox”). Here, using evidence gathered from across the world, we examine some reasons behind the suboptimal treatment of patients with NSTEMI, and recommend approaches to address this issue in order to improve the standard of healthcare for this group of patients. The challenges for the treatment of patients with NSTEMI can be categorized into four “P” factors that contribute to poor clinical outcomes: patient characteristics being heterogeneous; physicians underestimating the high ischemic risk compared with bleeding risk; procedure availability; and policy within the healthcare system. To address these challenges, potential approaches include: developing guidelines and protocols that incorporate rigorous definitions of NSTEMI; risk assessment and integrated quality assessment measures; providing education to physicians on the management of long‐term cardiovascular risk in patients with NSTEMI; and making stents and antiplatelet therapies more accessible to patients.