bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personalisation, customisation and bricolage: how people with dementia and their families make assistive technology work for them
Authors: Gibson Grant , Dickinson Claire , Brittain Katie , Robinson Louise 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAssistive technologies (ATs) are being ‘mainstreamed’ within dementia care, where they are promoted as enabling people with dementia to age in place alongside delivering greater efficiencies in care. AT provision focuses upon standardised solutions, with little known about how ATs are used by people with dementia and their carers within everyday practice. This paper explores how people with dementia and carers use technologies in order to manage care. Findings are reported from qualitative semi-structured interviews with 13 people with dementia and 26 family carers. Readily available household technologies were used in conjunction with and instead of AT to address diverse needs, replicating AT functions when doing so. Successful technology use was characterised by ‘bricolage’ or the non-conventional use of tools or methods to address local needs. Carers drove AT use by engaging creatively with both assistive and everyday technologies, however, carers were not routinely supported in their creative engagements with technology by statutory health or social care services, making bricolage a potentially frustrating and wasteful process. Bricolage provides a useful framework to understand how technologies are used in the everyday practice of dementia care, and how technology use can be supported within care. Rather than implementing standardised AT solutions, AT services and AT design in future should focus on how technologies can support more personalised, adaptive forms of care.
Childhood dietary trajectories and adolescent cardiovascular phenotypes: Australian community-based longitudinal study
Authors: Kerr Jessica A , Gillespie Alanna N , Gasser Constantine E , Mensah Fiona K , Burgner David , Wake Melissa 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveWith the intention to inform future public health initiatives, we aimed to determine the extent to which typical childhood dietary trajectories predict adolescent cardiovascular phenotypes.DesignLongitudinal study. Exposure was determined by a 4 d food diary repeated over eight waves (ages 4–15 years), coded by Australian Dietary Guidelines and summed into a continuous diet score (0–14). Outcomes were adolescent (Wave 8, age 15 years) blood pressure, resting heart rate, pulse wave velocity, carotid intima-media thickness, retinal arteriole-to-venule ratio. Latent class analysis identified ‘typical’ dietary trajectories from childhood to adolescence. Adjusted linear regression models assessed relationships between trajectories and cardiovascular outcomes, adjusted for a priori potential confounders.SettingCommunity sample, Melbourne, Australia.SubjectsChildren (n 188) followed from age 4 to 15 years.ResultsFour dietary trajectories were identified: unhealthy (8 %); moderately unhealthy (25 %); moderately healthy (46 %); healthy (21 %). There was little evidence that vascular phenotypes associated with the trajectories. However, resting heart rate (beats/min) increased (β; 95 % CI) across the healthy (reference), moderately healthy (4·1; −0·6, 8·9; P=0·08), moderately unhealthy (4·5; −0·7, 9·7; P=0·09) and unhealthy (10·5; 2·9, 18·0; P=0·01) trajectories.ConclusionsDecade-long dietary trajectories did not appear to influence macro- or microvascular structure or stiffness by mid-adolescence, but were associated with resting heart rate, suggesting an early-life window for prevention. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings, the threshold of diet quality associated with these physiological changes and whether functional changes in heart rate are followed by phenotypic change.
Extreme Landfalling Atmospheric River Events in Arizona: Possible Future Changes
Authors: Singh Itinderjot , Dominguez Francina , Demaria Eleonora , Walter James 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe semiarid Salt and Verde River Basins in Arizona are susceptible to atmospheric river (AR)‐related flooding. To understand the precipitation‐related impacts of climate change on extreme ARs affecting Arizona, a pseudo‐global warming method was used. High‐resolution control and future simulations of five intense historical AR events that affected the Salt and Verde River Basins in Central Arizona were carried out using the Weather Research and Forecasting regional climate model. The pseudo‐global warming approach for future simulations involved adding a temperature delta at different vertical levels to the historical initial and lateral boundary conditions of the input data while keeping constant relative humidity. The deltas were calculated using projected changes toward end of the 21st century from an ensemble of nine Global Climate Models for the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5. Future simulations showed an overall increase in vertically integrated transport of vapor and upward moisture flux at cloud base over the region for all events. The changes in precipitation at both domain and basin levels were highly spatially heterogeneous. Precipitation increased in all future simulations; but in general, this increase remained less than the increase in column‐integrated water vapor. It was found that in most cases, cloud ice content decreased while cloud water content increased, indicating the increased role of warm‐rain processes in producing precipitation in the future simulations. Freezing levels rose by more than 600 m, and this along with increased temperature and greater role of warm‐rain processes led to a decrease of more than 80% in the amount of frozen precipitation during the events.
Frequency‐Dependent Attenuation ofPandSWaves in Southern California
Authors: Lin Yu‐Pin , Jordan Thomas H. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAccurate models of crustal attenuation structure are important for simulating seismic wavefields at high frequencies (f > 1 Hz). In this study, we collectedPandSwaveforms from 160 regional earthquakes (3.3 ≤ M ≤ 5.7) recorded at 218 broadband stations of Southern California Seismic Network and measured spectral amplitudes ofPandSwaves in the 1‐ to 10‐Hz band using integrals over wavelet transforms. We accounted for source structure and geometrical spreading by referencing the spectral amplitudes to values computed from 1‐D synthetic seismograms. We inverted the spectral amplitude ratios for a 1‐D, frequency‐dependent crustal attenuation model. When plotted against wavenumber, the depth averages of bothQPandQSare described by the same function,Q(k) = (240 ± 20) k0.40 ± 0.05(1 km−1 ≤ k ≤ 17 km−1). Our results are consistent with attenuation dominated by first‐order Born scattering from an isotropic, self‐affine distribution of elastic heterogeneities with an outer scale of ~10 km, a root‐mean‐square relative amplitude of ~8% and a fractal dimension of ~3.8. The inversions accounted for frequency‐dependent variations in the source spectra and site response. The source spectra roll off at an average rate of about 2 for both wave types. The station residuals, which reflect unresolved lateral structure, show stronger attenuation in the Los Angeles region and weaker attenuation in the batholithic terrains to the north and south, as well as in the Proterozoic terrains on the eastern side of the study region.
Structure and Formation of Anticyclonic Eddies in the Iceland Basin
Authors: Zhao Jian , Bower Amy , Yang Jiayan , Lin Xiaopei , Zhou Chun 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe Iceland Basin has the most energetic eddy activities in the subpolar North Atlantic. This study documents the structure for an anticyclonic eddy in the Iceland Basin using high‐resolution hydrographic and velocity observations. The eddy core waters have lens‐like structure with warm and salty features in the upper 1,000 m. The eddy distorts the density surface by doming the upper isopycnals and deepening the ones near the permanent pycnocline. The eddy has a diameter of about 120 km with substantial barotropic component in the velocity profiles. One branch of the North Atlantic Current in the central Iceland Basin is superimposed onto the eddy, leading to asymmetric velocity structure. Satellite maps show that eddy first shows up over the western slope of the Hatton Bank and moves westward to the central Iceland Basin. The waters enclosed in the eddy core share the same properties with Subpolar Mode Waters. Similar anticyclonic eddies are also found in high‐resolution numerical model simulations, which is used to explore eddy formation. The model results reveal that the potential vorticity gradient prior to the eddy event change signs in both horizontal and vertical directions. This potential vorticity gradient structure meets the necessary condition for the barotropic and baroclinic instabilities. Further calculation of the energy conversions suggests that eddies extract mean potential energy from the large‐scale isopycnal slope and gain the mean kinetic energy in the upper ocean. Therefore, both barotropic and baroclinic instabilities are involved to support the eddy growth.
Tailoring recombinant lipases: keeping the His-tag favors esterification reactions, removing it favors hydrolysis reactions
Authors: de Almeida Janaina Marques , Moure Vivian Rotuno , Müller-Santos Marcelo , de Souza Emanuel Maltempi , Pedrosa Fábio Oliveira , Mitchell David Alexander , Krieger Nadia 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe determined the effect of the His-tag on the structure, activity, stability and immobilization of LipC12, a highly active lipase from a metagenomic library. We purified LipC12 with a N-terminal His-tag and then removed the tag using tobacco etch virus (TEV) protease. Circular dichroism analysis showed that the overall structure of LipC12 was largely unaffected by His-tag removal. The specific hydrolytic activities against natural and artificial substrates were significantly increased by the removal of the His-tag. On the other hand, His-tagged LipC12 was significantly more active and stable in the presence of polar organic solvents than untagged LipC12. The immobilization efficiency on Immobead 150 was 100% for both forms of LipC12 and protein desorption studies confirmed that the His-tag does not participate in the covalent binding of the enzyme. In the case of immobilized LipC12, the His-tag negatively influenced the hydrolytic activity, as it had for the free lipase, however, it positively influenced the esterification activity. These results raise the possibility of tailoring recombinant lipases for different applications, where the His-tag may be retained or removed, as appropriate for the desired activity.
Broadband (550–1350 nm) diffuse optical characterization of thyroid chromophores
Authors: Konugolu Venkata Sekar Sanathana , Farina Andrea , Dalla Mora Alberto , Lindner Claus , Pagliazzi Marco , Mora Mireia , Aranda Gloria , Dehghani Hamid , Durduran Turgut , Taroni Paola , Pifferi Antonio 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThyroid plays an important role in the endocrine system of the human body. Its characterization by diffuse optics can open new path ways in the non-invasive diagnosis of thyroid pathologies. Yet, the absorption spectra of tyrosine and thyroglobulin–key tissue constituents specific to the thyroid organ–in the visible to near infrared range are not fully available. Here, we present the optical characterization of tyrosine (powder), thyroglobulin (granular form) and iodine (aqueous solution) using a time domain broadband diffuse optical spectrometer in the 550–1350 nm range. Various systematic errors caused by physics of photo migration and sample inherent properties were effectively suppressed by means of advanced time domain diffuse optical methods. A brief comparison with various other known tissue constituents is presented, which reveals key spectral regions for the quantification of the thyroid absorbers in an in vivo scenario.
Breastfeeding and myopia: A cross-sectional study of children aged 6–12 years in Tianjin, China
Authors: Liu Shengxin , Ye Sheng , Wang Qifan , Cao Yongjun , Zhang Xin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis study aimed to determine whether an association existed between breastfeeding and myopia in children aged 6–12 years in Tianjin, China, using a cross-sectional study of 527 children. The spherical equivalent refraction (SER) and axial length (AL) were determined by ocular examination, and information regarding the children’s demographics, breastfeeding history and other myopia-related risk factors were investigated using a questionnaire. The myopia prevalence rate, mean SER, and mean AL were 53.9%, −0.99 ± 1.69 D, and 23.56 ± 1.11 mm, respectively. In total, 442 (83.9%) participants were breastfed; among the breastfed participants, 132 (29.9%) were breastfed <6 months. Children who were breastfed were less likely to have myopia (breastfeeding duration <6 months: OR = 0.399, P = 0.011; >6 months: OR = 0.502, P = 0.033, multiple logistical regression). The mean SER of children breastfed <6 months was 0.653 D more hyperopic than that of non-breastfed children (P = 0.008, multiple linear regression). No significant association was observed between breastfeeding and AL. In conclusion, breastfeeding was associated with a decreased risk of myopia among children aged 6–12 years in Tianjin. Breastfeeding during the first 6 months of infancy was associated with more hyperopic SER. Furthermore, breastfeeding was associated with myopic refraction and was not related to AL, and this association could exist in childhood.
Entomological signatures in honey: an environmental DNA metabarcoding approach can disclose information on plant-sucking insects in agricultural and forest landscapes
Authors: Utzeri Valerio Joe , Schiavo Giuseppina , Ribani Anisa , Tinarelli Silvia , Bertolini Francesca , Bovo Samuele , Fontanesi Luca 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHoneydew produced from the excretion of plant-sucking insects (order Hemiptera) is a carbohydrate-rich material that is foraged by honey bees to integrate their diets. In this study, we used DNA extracted from honey as a source of environmental DNA to disclose its entomological signature determined by honeydew producing Hemiptera that was recovered not only from honeydew honey but also from blossom honey. We designed PCR primers that amplified a fragment of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene of Hemiptera species using DNA isolated from unifloral, polyfloral and honeydew honeys. Ion Torrent next generation sequencing metabarcoding data analysis assigned Hemiptera species using a customized bioinformatic pipeline. The forest honeydew honeys reported the presence of high abundance of Cinara pectinatae DNA, confirming their silver fir forest origin. In all other honeys, most of the sequenced reads were from the planthopper Metcalfa pruinosa for which it was possible to evaluate the frequency of different mitotypes. Aphids of other species were identified from honeys of different geographical and botanical origins. This unique entomological signature derived by environmental DNA contained in honey opens new applications for honey authentication and to disclose and monitor the ecology of plant-sucking insects in agricultural and forest landscapes.
Probabilistic Prognostic Estimates of Survival in Metastatic Cancer Patients (PPES-Met) Utilizing Free-Text Clinical Narratives
Authors: Banerjee Imon , Gensheimer Michael Francis , Wood Douglas J. , Henry Solomon , Aggarwal Sonya , Chang Daniel T. , Rubin Daniel L. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe propose a deep learning model - Probabilistic Prognostic Estimates of Survival in Metastatic Cancer Patients (PPES-Met) for estimating short-term life expectancy (>3 months) of the patients by analyzing free-text clinical notes in the electronic medical record, while maintaining the temporal visit sequence. In a single framework, we integrated semantic data mapping and neural embedding technique to produce a text processing method that extracts relevant information from heterogeneous types of clinical notes in an unsupervised manner, and we designed a recurrent neural network to model the temporal dependency of the patient visits. The model was trained on a large dataset (10,293 patients) and validated on a separated dataset (1818 patients). Our method achieved an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.89. To provide explain-ability, we developed an interactive graphical tool that may improve physician understanding of the basis for the model’s predictions. The high accuracy and explain-ability of the PPES-Met model may enable our model to be used as a decision support tool to personalize metastatic cancer treatment and provide valuable assistance to the physicians.
Stem cells purified from human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural crest-like cells promote peripheral nerve regeneration
Authors: Kimura Hiroo , Ouchi Takehito , Shibata Shinsuke , Amemiya Tsuyoshi , Nagoshi Narihito , Nakagawa Taneaki , Matsumoto Morio , Okano Hideyuki , Nakamura Masaya , Sato Kazuki 
Published: June 2018

AbstractStrategies for therapeutic cell transplantation have been assessed for use in the treatment of massive peripheral nerve defects. To support safe and efficient cell transplantation, we have focused on the purification of cells using cell surface markers. Our group previously reported low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor (LNGFR)- and thymocyte antigen-1 (THY-1)-positive neural crest-like cells (LT-NCLCs), generated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). In the present study, we investigated the efficacy of transplantation of hiPSC-derived LT-NCLCs in a murine massive peripheral nerve defect model. Animals with a sciatic nerve defect were treated with a bridging silicone tube prefilled with LT-NCLCs or medium in the transplantation (TP) and negative control (NC) groups, respectively. The grafted LT-NCLCs survived and enhanced myelination and angiogenesis, as compared to the NC group. Behavioral analysis indicated that motor functional recovery in the TP group was superior to that in the NC group, and similar to that in the autograft (Auto) group. LT-NCLCs promoted axonal regrowth and remyelination by Schwann cells. Transplantation of LT-NCLCs is a promising approach for nerve regeneration treatment of massive peripheral nerve defects.
Development of a screening strategy for new modulators of T cell receptor signaling and T cell activation
Authors: Chen Elijah W. , Brzostek Joanna , Gascoigne Nicholas R. J. , Rybakin Vasily 
Published: June 2018

AbstractActivation of the T cell receptor (TCR) leads to the generation of a network of signaling events critical to the developmental decision making and activation of T cells. Various experimental approaches continue to identify new signaling molecules, adaptor proteins, and other regulators of TCR signaling. We propose a screening strategy for the identification of small molecules affecting TCR signaling based on the uncoupling of TCR stimulation from cellular responses in developing thymocytes. We demonstrate that this strategy successfully identifies inhibitors of kinases already shown to act downstream of TCR engagement, as well as new inhibitors. The proposed strategy is easily scalable for high throughput screening and will contribute to the identification of new druggable targets in T cell activation.
Proteomic and metagenomic insights into prehistoric Spanish Levantine Rock Art
Authors: Roldán Clodoaldo , Murcia-Mascarós Sonia , López-Montalvo Esther , Vilanova Cristina , Porcar Manuel 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe Iberian Mediterranean Basin is home to one of the largest groups of prehistoric rock art sites in Europe. Despite the cultural relevance of prehistoric Spanish Levantine rock art, pigment composition remains partially unknown, and the nature of the binders used for painting has yet to be disclosed. In this work, we present the first omic analysis applied to one of the flagship Levantine rock art sites: the Valltorta ravine (Castellón, Spain). We used high-throughput sequencing to provide the first description of the bacterial communities colonizing the rock art patina, which proved to be dominated by Firmicutes species and might have a protective effect on the paintings. Proteomic analysis was also performed on rock art microsamples in order to determine the organic binders present in Levantine prehistoric rock art pigments. This information could shed light on the controversial dating of this UNESCO Cultural Heritage, and contribute to defining the chrono-cultural framework of the societies responsible for these paintings.
Exploring the amphibian exposome in an agricultural landscape using telemetry and passive sampling
Authors: Swanson Jennifer E. , Muths Erin , Pierce Clay L. , Dinsmore Stephen J. , Vandever Mark W. , Hladik Michelle L. , Smalling Kelly L. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis is the first field study of its kind to combine radio telemetry, passive samplers, and pesticide accumulation in tissues to characterize the amphibian exposome as it relates to pesticides. Understanding how habitat drives exposure in individuals (i.e., their exposome), and how that relates to individual health is critical to managing species in an agricultural landscape where pesticide exposure is likely. We followed 72 northern leopard frogs (Lithobates pipiens) in two agricultural wetlands for insight into where and when individuals are at high risk of pesticide exposure. Novel passive sampling devices (PSDs) were deployed at sites where telemetered frogs were located, then moved to subsequent locations as frogs were radio-tracked. Pesticide concentration in PSDs varied by habitat and was greatest in agricultural fields where frogs were rarely found. Pesticide concentrations in frogs were greatest in spring when frogs were occupying wetlands compared to late summer when frogs occupied terrestrial habitats. Our results indicate that habitat and time of year influence exposure and accumulation of pesticides in amphibians. Our study illustrates the feasibility of quantifying the amphibian exposome to interpret the role of habitat use in pesticide accumulation in frogs to better manage amphibians in agricultural landscapes.
Strong Solar Radiation Forces from Anomalously Reflecting Metasurfaces for Solar Sail Attitude Control
Authors: Ullery Dylan C. , Soleymani Sina , Heaton Andrew , Orphee Juan , Johnson Les , Sood Rohan , Kung Patrick , Kim Seongsin M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe examine the theoretical implications of incorporating metasurfaces on solar sails, and the effect they can have on the forces applied to the sail. This would enable a significant enhancement over state-of-the- art attitude control by demonstrating a novel, propellant-free and low-mass approach to induce a roll torque on the sail, which is a current limitation in present state-of-the-art technology. We do so by utilizing anomalous optical reflections from the metasurfaces to generate a net in-plane lateral force, which can lead to a net torque along the roll axis of the sail, in addition to the other spatial movements exhibited by the sail from solar radiation pressure. We characterize this net lateral force as a function of incidence angle. In addition, the influence of the phase gradients and anomalous conversion efficiencies characteristics of the metasurfaces are independently considered. The optimum incidence angle that corresponded with the maximum net lateral-to-normal force ratio was found to be −30° for a metasurface exhibiting 75% anomalous conversion efficiency with a phase gradient of 0:71k0.