bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Avian Fracture Healing Following Stabilization with Intramedullary Polyglycolic Acid Rods and Cyanoacrylate Adhesive vs. Polypropylene Rods and Polymethylmethacrylate
Authors: Wallace L. J. , Redig P. T. , Bechtold J. E. , Pool R.R. , King V. L. , Mathews K. G. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryAvian fracture healing was evaluated for twelve weeks following the repair of transverse mid-diaphyseal humeral fractures. Radiographic, histological, and biomechanical assessment of healing was used to compare a currently used method of repair - a permanent intramedullary polypropylene rod and polymethylmethacrylate bone cement, to a new biodegradable repair technique which utilized intramedullary polyglycolic acid rods and cyanoacry-late adhesive. Histological response to the biodegradable implants consisted of a granulomatous foreign body reaction that did not impair fracture healing. Fibrous encapsulation occurred around the permanent devices. Biodegradable repairs developed more periosteal callus, and early complications were more common following biodegradable repair, but there was little difference between the two groups biomechanically. Polyglycolic acid implants appear to be viable alternatives for the repair of some avian fractures. Investigation into the use of other biodegradable polymers for avian fracture fixation is warranted.Avian fracture healing following the repair of trans-verse humeral fractures with intramedullary biodegradable polyglycolic acid (PGA) rods and cyanoacrylate adhesive was compared to healing following repair with polypropylene rods and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement. Foreign body reaction to the PGA/cyanoacrylate fixation occurred, but did not impair fracture healing. Biomechanical testing revealed few differences between the two fixation methods at 0-12 weeks following fracture repair.
Incidence of Canine Appendicular Musculoskeletal Disorders in 16 Veterinary Teaching Hospitals from 1980 through 1989
Authors: Johnson Justine , Austin Connie , Breur Gert 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe goal of this study was to determine the incidence of musculoskeletal disorders in a large canine population. Patient information was obtained from clinical cases contributed to the Veterinary Medical Data Base (VMDB) by 16 veterinary teaching hospitals during the ten year period of 1980 through 1989. The relative contribution of bone diseases, joint diseases, and muscle-tendon-unit diseases was determined, and the incidence of each musculoskeletal disease reported.Nearly 24% of all patients in the source population had been affected by a disorder of the musculoskeletal system, and over 70% of those diagnoses involved appendicular structures. Diseases of joints, ligaments, and related structures contributed more cases (47%) to this study than diseases of bones (39%) or muscle-tendon-units (14%). Fractures made up the largest disease category, with pelvic fractures most common, followed by femoral fractures, and fractures of the radius and/or ulna. Joint instability and degenerative joint dis-ease were also common diagnosis categories, affecting primarily the hip and stifle joints. Common specific dis-ease entities included hip dysplasia, cruciate ligament rupture, traumatic hip luxation and patellar luxation.In this study we provided a comprehensive analysis of the canine musculoskeletal system. The relative importance of joint disorders compared to those of bones and muscle-tendon-units was illustrated. The incidence of most of the disorders described in this report had not been well documented previously.Patient information was obtained from the clinical cases of 16 veterinary teaching hospitals during a 10-year period. The number of dogs with musculoskeletal disorders was determined. The absolute and relative contribution of bone diseases, joint diseases, and muscle-tendon-unit diseases is reported as well as the incidence of the specific disease entities affecting the canine appendicular musculoskeletal system.
Acute Traumatic Intracranial Haemorrhage in Dogs and Cats
Authors: Downs M.O. , Aron D.N. , Mahaffey E. A. , Dewey C.W. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryTwenty-three records of dogs and cats having experienced severe craniocerebral trauma were reviewed. Case selection was restricted to those patients whose brains were examined at necropsy and/or surgery. Records of 14 dogs and nine cats were evaluated for the presence or absence of intracranial haemorrhage. The majority of patients were victims of automobile trauma (n = 16), the remainder being victims of household accidents (n = 4), malicious human behavior (n = 2), and injury inflicted by another animal (n = 1). Six of the 23 (27%) were conscious upon admission. One patient was unconscious upon admission, but regained consciousness following medical therapy. Evidence of intracranial haemorrhage was found in 100% (14/14) of the canine and 89% (8/9) of the feline cases. Four dogs and four cats exhibited two forms of intracranial haemorrhage. One cat exhibited three forms of intracranial haemorrhage. The distribution of intracranial haemorrhage was as follows: two epidural, 10 subdural, 10 subarachnoid and 10 intraparenchymal. Histopathology was available for 10 of the 23 cases. Surgical confirmation of the subdural haematomas, as typical subdural haematomas (focal intradural mass lesions), was available for four cases. Gross pathology of one other of the 10 subdural hematomas described a focal, 2 × 3 cm mass lesion. The remaining five subdural haematomas were of a more diffuse nature (more typical of subarachnoid haemorrhage), but three of these five were described as massive accumulations of blood. Four patients underwent emergency craniotomy/craniectomy; two of these patients made rapid and full recoveries, one died on the operating table, and one was euthanatized at the operation because of uncontrollable brain swelling. Ninety-three percent of the canine and 75% of the feline cases had haemorrhagic lesions that would have been potentially accessible via a lateral craniotomy/craniectomy. The results of this investigation suggest that acute intracranial haemorrhage may be a relatively frequent occurrence, following severe brain injury in dogs and cats. Prospective studies are needed to better define the incidence, anatomical distribution, and potential clinical significance of acute traumatic intracranial haemorrhage in dogs and cats. Comparative aspects of acute traumatic intracranial haemorrhage in people and small animals (dogs and cats) are discussed.Twenty-three records of dogs (n = 14) and cats (n = 9) with severe craniocerebral trauma were evaluated for the presence or absence of intracranial haemorrhage. Evidence of intracranial haemorrhage was found in 96% (14 dogs, 8 cats) of the cases reviewed. Comparative aspects of acute traumatic intracranial haemorrhage in people and small animals (dogs and cats) are discussed.
Holding Power of Orthopaedic Screws in Bovine Femoral Heads
Authors: Ulm M. J. , Wilson D. G. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryFemoral capital physeal fractures have been successfully repaired using 7.0 mm cannulated screws. The holding power of 7.0 mm cannulated screws was compared to the holding power of 5.5 mm cortical screws and 6.5 mm cancellous screws using paired bovine femoral heads. The 7.0 mm cannulated screw’s holding power was superior to the 6.5 mm cancellous screw and similar to that of the 5.5 mm cortical screw.When placed in the bovine femoral head, 7.0 mm cannulated screws have holding power greater than 6.5 mm cancellous screws and similar to 5.5 mm cortical screws.
Small Intestinal Submucosa as an Intra-Articular Ligamentous Graft Material: A Pilot Study in Dogs
Authors: Badylak S. F. , Toombs J. P. , Shelbourne K. D. , Hiles M. C. , Lantz G. C. , Van Sickle D. , Aiken S. W. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThis pilot study was performed to determine the potential for using small intestinal submucosa (SIS) xenografts for intra-articular ligament reconstruction. Porcine SIS was used to replace the excised cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) in five normal dogs. Grafts were evaluated histologically at 10, 12, 16, and 26 weeks after implantation. Two grafts were evaluated biomechanically at 26 weeks. All of the SIS neoligaments appeared macroscopically as white fibrous bands. The histological appearance progressed, with time, from disorganized immature connective tissue to large bundles of organized connective tissue, covered by a synovial membrane, that resembled the native CCL. There was no histological evidence of immune-mediated nor any foreign body reaction to the xenogeneic SIS graft material. The neoligaments 26 weeks after implantation had a maximum force to failure that was 16.2 and 21.4 times greater than the original SIS graft material and were 7.6 and 11.1 percent as strong as the contralateral control CCLs. We conclude that porcine SIS, used as an intra-articular graft material to replace the normal CCL in dogs, supported host tissue ingrowth, remodelled to form a ligamentous structure, and is worthy of further investigation.Small intestinal submucosa was used to replace the excised cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) in five normal dogs. The histo-logical appearance of the grafts progressively changed, with time, from disorganized immature connective tissue to large bundles of organized connective tissue that resembled the native CCL. Graft strength increased between implantation and 26 weeks after the operation, however remained weaker than controls.
Osteotomy for Correction of Premature Growth Plate Closure in 24 Dogs
Authors: Miller C.W. , Morgan P.W. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryTwenty-four dogs (27 limbs) were evaluated after surgery for correction of forelimb angular limb deformities. Partial ulnar ostectomies or definitive corrective osteotomies were performed depending upon the age of the dog. According to owner assessment nine of fourteen limbs were considered functionally good, or excellent, after partial ulnar ostectomies. Younger dogs appeared to have better functional results after dynamic correction with the mean age at surgery of dogs with good to excellent results being 6.5 months contrasted to the mean age at surgery of dogs with fair to poor results being 9.75 months. Ten of fourteen limbs were considered functionally good or excellent after definitive corrective osteotomy. One dog had definitive osteotomy after partial ulnar ostectomy in order to further correct a residual angular deformity. However, 58% of the limbs with radiographic follow-up had signs of degenerative joint disease (DJD). There were not significant differences between neither degree of angulation remaining after surgery and the functional result nor the degree of angulation remaining after surgery and the development of DJD. A prospective study is warranted to more objectively assess the efficacy of surgical correction of angular limb deformities in dogs.Twenty-four dogs were evaluated after surgery for correction of forelimb angular limb deformities. The results are described.
A Mechanical and Histological Comparison of Bone Healing Using Titanium Bone Plates with Porous Surfaced Titanium Screws versus Smooth Surfaced Titanium Screws
Authors: Bruecker K. A. , Palmer J. L. , Powers Barbara , Histand M. B. , Schwarz P. D. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryBilateral midshaft femoral osteotomies were stabilized with a 3 mm fracture gap in 12 dogs using titanium bone plates and either smooth surfaced (SS) or porous surfaced (PS) titanium screws. Mechanical studies demonstrated that PS screws required a significantly greater torque to remove than the SS screws at both 8 and 16 weeks. At 16 weeks, screw removal torque increased by a factor of 1.3 over the insertion torque for PS screws and decreased by a factor of 2.9 for SS screws. Histologically, the amount of new bone formation and porosity, over the entire length of the femur, was significantly greater in the femora stabilized with PS screws; indicative of greater overall fixation rigidity. At both time periods, there was an increase in torsional stiffness in the osteotomies stabilized with SS screws. Radiographically, there was no difference in the osteotomy callus area for either screw type. From this study, there appears to be advantages to using PS bone screws instead of SS screws when subjected to dynamic loading such as gap fixation.
Stack Pinning of Long Bone Fractures: A Retrospective Study
Authors: vanEe R. T. , Gibson Karen 
Published: March 2018

SummaryLong bone fractures in 20 dogs and five cats were repaired using a stack pinning (multiple intramedullary pins) technique. These cases were evaluated with long-term radiographic and physical examination. Factors including fracture location, age of animal, fracture reduction, and percent of medullary cavity filled by intramedullary pins were noted to assess their effect on postoperative complications. Specifically, distal long bone fractures had a greater tendency to develop complications than did mid-shaft or proximal fractures (p = 0.10). Other factors were not found to significantly increase the potential for fracture related complications. The overall complication rate associated with this method of fracture repair was greater than 50%. External fixators or plates were judged necessary to improve fracture stability at initial or subsequent operations in 44% of cases. Stack pinning was found to be an unreliable method of repair for long bone fractures in this clinical study.
An Experimental Study of the Healing Pattern After Bilateral Mandible Osteotomies in Sheep, Using Holographic Nondestructive Testing and a Three-Point Loading Transverse Strength Test
Authors: Paatsama J. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryHolographic nondestructive testing has the advantage of displaying the stability/instability of both an osteosynthesis and a healing osteotomy. With the transverse strength test (St) it is only possible to evaluate the osteotomy healing. The results obtained from mandibles, without a plate seemed to correlate well with one another, in both methods.
Psychosoziale Interventionen
Authors: Bohlken J. , Kurz A. 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungPsychosoziale Interventionen verfügen über ein breites Spektrum von Wirkungen, das zur Behandlung von Demenz-Erkrankungen genutzt werden kann. Sie fördern die kognitive Leistungsfähigkeit, stützen das emotionale Wohlbefinden, mildern Verhaltenssymptome, wirken dem Verlust der Funktionsfähigkeit im Alltag entgegen und tragen zur Entlastung der pflegenden Angehörigen bei. Angesichts dieser vielfältigen Effekte erscheinen psychosoziale Interventionen dazu geeignet, die Pharmakotherapie zu verstärken und zu ergänzen. Ihr Stellenwert in der Versorgungspraxis muss aber durch Studien mit verbesserter methodischer Qualität gefestigt werden. Wichtige Fragestellungen künftiger Forschung auf diesem Gebiet betreffen die Wirksamkeit psychosozialer Interventionen im täglichen Leben, den zusätzlichen Nutzen zur pharmakologischen Therapie, die Durchführbarkeit innerhalb der bestehenden Versorgungsstrukturen und die Wirtschaftlichkeit.
Justinus Kerners therapeutische Visionen “reloaded”
Authors: Erbguth F. 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungIn seiner zweiten großen “Wurstgift-Monographie” beschrieb Justinus Kerner 1822 mögliche Indikationen für eine Anwendung von Botulinumtoxin. Neben den mittlerweile etablierten Indikationen Bewegungsstörungen und vermehrte Drüsensekretion hielt er auch einen Einsatz zur Verbesserung der Wundheilung und bei psychiatrischen Erkrankungen für möglich. Die Übersicht soll zeigen, dass sich alle therapeutischen Visionen von Justinus Kerner erfüllt haben, wenngleich auch bei vielen der ungewöhnlichen Indikationen lediglich auf kasuistischer Basis.
Behandlung der Spastizität mit Botulinumtoxin-Typ-A-Injektionen
Authors: Müller J. , Wissel J. 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungIm Deutschland und Österreich sind drei Botulinumtoxin-Typ-A-Produkte (BoNT A) zur Behandlung der Spastizität der oberen Extremität nach Schlaganfall zugelassen (Abo-, Ona-, Incobotulinumtoxin A). Die Evidenzlage erlaubt die Feststellung, dass die Behandlung der fokalen und segmentalen Spastizität auch der unteren Extremität nach Schlaganfall und andere zentralnervöse Erkrankungen als Behandlung der Wahl zu empfehlen ist. Auf der Basis der klinischen Evaluation sollte gemeinsam mit dem Patienten, ggf. unter Einbeziehung eines multiprofessionellen Therapieteams, ein realistisches und objektivierbares Ziel und die Muskeln für die BoNT-A-Behandlung definiert werden. Im Anschluss kann die Injektion von BoNT A mit der notwendigen Genauigkeit (ggf. sonografische oder elektrostimulationsgestützte Injektionskontrolle) in die spastische Muskulatur (in Endplattennähe) erfolgen. Falls indiziert, sollten begleitende synergistische Behandlungen wie Lagerungen, Dehnungen und Casting zeitlich abgestimmt eingesetzt werden. Diese BoNT-A-Behandlungen sollten so häufig wie notwendig wiederholt werden, um die gesteckten realistischen Ziele zu erreichen. Falls im Verlauf kein Therapieziel für eine BoNTA-Behandlung mehr mit dem Patienten definiert werden kann, sollte die Therapie ausgesetzt und bei Indikation eine Therapieeskalation diskutiert werden.
Autonome Funktionsstörungen und Epilepsie
Authors: Kerling F. 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungDer plötzliche unerwartete Tod bei Epilepsie (SUDEP) ist definiert als plötzliches unerwartetes Ereignis, das nicht durch andere Ursachen erklärt werden kann und wohl im Zusammenhang mit einem Anfall – nicht jedoch mit einem Status epilepticus – steht. SUDEP ist die häufigste krankheitsbedingte Todesursache bei Patienten mit schwer behandelbarer Epilepsie. Epidemiologische Studien konnten Risikofaktoren für das Auftreten von SUDEP identifizieren. Hierzu zählen z. B. männliches Geschlecht, hohe Anfallsfrequenz, medikamentöse Polytherapie und junges Alter bei Epilepsiebeginn. Als hauptsächliche Pathomechanismen werden eine zentrale Apnoe, kardiale Arrhythmien oder Fehlregulationen im autonomen Nervensystem vermutet. Die einzige wirksam belegte Prophylaxe bei SUDEP ist eine Optimierung der Epilepsietherapie.
Wearable Systems for Health Care Applications
Authors: Kirstein T. , Tröster G. , Lukowicz P. 
Published: March 2018

Summary

Objectives:
Wearable systems can be broadly defined as mobile electronic devices that can be unobtrusively embedded in the user’s outfit as part of the clothing or an accessory. In particular, unlike conventional mobile systems, they can be operational and accessed without or with very little hindrance to user activity. To this end they are able to model and recognize user activity, state, and the surrounding situation: a property, referred to as context sensitivity. Wearable systems range from micro sensors seamlessly integrated in textiles through consumer electronics embedded in fashionable clothes and computerized watches to belt worn PCs with a head mounted display. The wearable computing concept is part of a broader framework of ubiquitous computing that aims at invisibly enhancing our environment with smart electronic devices.The goal of the paper is to provide a broad overview of wearable technology and its implications for health related applications.

Methods:
We begin by summarizing the vision behind wearable computing. We then describe a framework for wearable computing architecture and the main technological aspects. Finally we show how specific properties of wearable systems can be used in different health related application domains.

Results:
Wearable computing is an emerging concept building upon the success of today’s mobile computing and communication devices. Due to rapid technological progress it is currently making a transition from a pure research stage to practical applications. Many of those applications are in health related domains, in particular, health monitoring, mobile treatment and nursing.

Conclusions:
Within the next couple of years wearable systems and more general ubiquitous computing will introduce profound changes and new application types to health related systems. In particular they will prove useful in improving the quality and reducing the cost of caring for the aging population.
Elicitation and Representation of Expert Knowledge for Computer Aided Diagnosis in Mammography
Authors: Taylor P. , Lee R. , Alberdi E. 
Published: March 2018

Summary

Objectives:
To study how professional radiologists describe, interpret and make decisions about micro-calcifications in mammograms. The purpose was to develop a model of the radiologists’ decision making for use in CADMIUM II, a computerized aid for mammogram interpretation that combines symbolic reasoning with image processing.

Methods:
In Study 1, eleven radiologists were asked to ‘think out loud’ as they interpreted 20 sets of calcifications. Participants used 159 terms to describe calcifications. We used these data to design a scheme with 50 descriptors. In Study 2, ten radiologists used the scheme to describe 40 sets of calcifications. We assessed the capacity of the terms to discriminate between benign and malignant calcifications, testing them against radiologists’ assessments of malignancy and follow-up data.

Results:
The descriptors that were found to be the most discriminating in Study 2 were included in CADIMUM II’s knowledge base. They were represented as arguments for either a benign or a malignant diagnosis. These arguments are the central component of the decision support provided by the system. Other components are: image processing algorithms for the detection and measurement of calcifications and a set of rules that use the measures to decide which of the arguments apply to a given set of calcifications.

Conclusions:
Preliminary evaluations of the CADMIUM II prototype reinforce the value of representing explicitly decision making processes in computer aided mammography and of deriving these processes from image processing measurements. Decision support is presented here at a level of description that is both relevant and meaningful to the user.
Modeling Hospital Information Systems (Part 2): Using the 3LGM2 Tool for Modeling Patient Record Management
Authors: Häber A. , Brigl B. , Winter A. , Wendt T. 
Published: March 2018

Summary

Objectives:
We introduce the 3LGM2 tool, a tool for modeling information systems, and describe the process of modeling parts of the hospital information system of the Leipzig University Hospital (UKLa). We modeled the sub information systems of five patient record archiving sections to support the creation of a proposal for governmental financial support for a new document management and archiving system. We explain the steps of identifying the model elements and their relations as well as the analyzing capabilities of the 3LGM2 tool to answer questions about the information system.

Methods:
The 3LGM2 tool was developed on the basis of the meta model 3LGM2 which is described in detail in [1]. 3LGM2 defines an ontological basis, divided into three layers and their relationships. In addition to usual meta CASE tools, the 3LGM2 tool meets certain requirements of information management in hospitals. The model described in this article was created on the base of on-site surveys in five archiving sections of the UKL.

Results:
A prototype of the 3LGM2 tool is available and is currently tested in some projects at the UKL and partner institutions. The model presented in this article is a structured documentation about the current state of patient record archiving at the UKL. The analyzing capabilities of the 3LGM2 tool help to use the model and to answer questions about the information system.

Conclusions:
The 3LGM2 tool can be used to model and analyze information systems. The presentation capabilities and the reliability of the prototype have to be improved. The initial modeling effort of an institution is only valuable if the model is maintained regularly and reused in other projects. Reference catalogues and reference models are needed to decrease this effort and to support the creation of comparable models.