bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How One Nurse Changed a Country
Authors: Rayborn Michong K. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT:
How can one nurse change the world? This descriptive case study examines the remarkable career of Margaret Kollmer, a nurse and Mary-knoll Sister who developed Korea's first Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist training program and organized the Korean Association of Nurse Anesthetists. Later, she joined a team serving displaced Korean families and helped establish the first hospice program in Korea, as well as a resident hospice program for homeless AIDS patients in New York. Her 59 years of service shows what faithful reliance on God can accomplish.
Comprehension of Legal Language by Adults With and Without Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Wszalek Joseph A. , Turkstra Lyn S. 
Published: August 2018

Objective:
To characterize comprehension of written legal language in adults with and without traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Participants:
Nineteen adults with moderate-to-severe TBI (11 females) and 21 adults without TBI (13 females), aged 24 to 64 years.

Methods:
Participants completed a multiple-choice assessment of legal-language comprehension, with written stimuli either presented in their original legal form or manipulated to simplify syntax or use more frequently occurring words.

Results:
Across stimulus types, TBI group participants were significantly less accurate and slower than comparison peers, with no effect of linguistic manipulation. Working memory and reading fluency test scores correlated with task accuracy and speed in both groups.

Conclusions:
Adults with TBI underperformed their uninjured peers in both accuracy and speed on a task of legal-language comprehension, and these differences were attributable in part to differences in working memory and reading fluency. Results highlight the potential costs of TBI-related communication problems in criminal proceedings and the need to formally evaluate language comprehension in individuals with TBI who are in the criminal justice system.
Fungal Interface Keratitis After Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty
Authors: Augustin Victor A. , Weller Julia M. , Kruse Friedrich E. , Tourtas Theofilos 
Published: August 2018

Purpose:
To evaluate the incidence, clinical course, and management of fungal interface keratitis (IK) after Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK).

Methods:
This is a single-center retrospective observational case series of 3950 eyes undergoing DMEK. Six eyes with fungal IK were detected and analyzed. Analysis included graft storage condition, incidence of fungal IK, identification of the pathogenic agent, topical/systemic and surgical treatment regimen, and best-corrected visual acuity.

Results:
Fungal IK after DMEK occurred in 6 of 3950 cases (0.15%). Corneal grafts were either stored in Optisol-GS (n = 4) or in organ culture (n = 2). In all cases, Candida species were isolated (Candida tropicalis, Candida albicans, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida guilliermondii). Four eyes developed fungal IK during the early postoperative period (3–5 d) and 2 eyes later at 16 to 42 days after surgery. All patients received topical and systemic antifungal treatment and intracameral application of antifungal agents. In the case of an early infection, graft removal was performed in 3 of 4 patients. Late infections were eradicated without graft exchange. Recurrence of fungal infection was observed in 1 case after early IK and in both cases after late IK. Final visual acuity ranged from 20/200 to 20/20.

Conclusions:
Fungal IK is a rare complication after DMEK. Based on our experience, we believe that treatment of early fungal IK with aggressive presentation should include both immediate graft exchange and intracameral application of voriconazole and amphotericin, in addition to topical and systemic antifungal treatment. Graft exchange seems not to be mandatory in late infections.
Current Practice Patterns and Opinions on the Management of Recent-Onset or Chronic Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus of Zoster Eye Disease Study Investigators
Authors: Lo Danielle M. , Jeng Bennie H. , Gillespie Colleen , Wu Mengfei , Cohen Elisabeth J. 
Published: August 2018

Purpose:
To determine practices and opinions among study investigators in the Zoster Eye Disease Study (ZEDS) regarding suppressive valacyclovir treatment for recent-onset and chronic herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO).

Methods:
An Internet-based survey was distributed to 170 ZEDS study investigators with questions regarding treatment practices for stromal keratitis in HZO and opinions regarding the efficacy of prolonged antiviral prophylaxis.

Results:
The response rate was 72.4% (123/170). Topical steroids and oral antivirals were used by the majority of respondents for stromal keratitis in both recent-onset (69.1%, 85/123) and chronic HZO (63.4%, 78/123) (P = 0.86). The duration of treatment was similar in both recent-onset and chronic HZO (P = 0.58) with 50.4% (124/246) of ZEDS investigators using prolonged treatment for stromal keratitis due to recent-onset or chronic HZO. The majority of ZEDS respondents believe that oral antivirals are effective during treatment (70.7%, 87/123).

Conclusions:
Approximately half of ZEDS investigators treat HZO with prolonged oral antivirals, in addition to topical steroids, and two-thirds believe that it is effective. Completion of ZEDS is feasible and necessary to determine whether or not these practices are effective. Participation in this study is necessary to obtain evidence to support treatment that many ophthalmologists use and believe is effective.
Keratoconus Progression After Corneal Cross-Linking in Eyes With Preoperative Maximum Keratometry Values of 58 Diopters and Steeper
Authors: Kuechler Samuel J. , Tappeiner Christoph , Epstein Dan , Frueh Beatrice E. 
Published: August 2018

Purpose:
To evaluate the effectiveness of cross-linking (CXL) in treating keratoconus eyes with Kmax values ≥58.0 D.

Methods:
Retrospective analysis of outcomes of standard Dresden epi-off CXL in progressive keratoconus with preoperative Kmax ≥58.0 Diopters (D). Inclusion criteria were Kmax ≥58.0 D and minimum follow-up of 1 year. Corneal topography and tomography were performed preoperatively and at 1 and 2 years. Sixty-one eyes of 56 patients with mean age of 24.9 ± 8.6 years (mean ± SD, range 12–57 years) had 1-year follow-up. Fifty of these eyes had 2-year follow-up. The definition of progression was an increase in Kmax of ≥1.0 D over 1 year.

Results:
Mean Kmax was 63.9 ± 6.1 D (mean ± SD, range 58.2–87.0 D) preoperatively (n = 61) and 62.9 ± 5.9 D (range 54.6–82.5 D) after 1 year. This represented a significant decrease in steepness (P = 0.0029). Mean pachymetry decreased significantly from 433.7 ± 44.8 μm preoperatively to 423.0 ± 41.8 μm (P = 0.001) at 1 year. Progression occurred in 14 of the 61 eyes (23%) at 1 year, and 5 (8.2%) steepened more than 2.0 D. In the group with 2-year follow-up, mean Kmax was 63.0 ± 5.0 D (range 58.2–87 D) before CXL and decreased to 61.5 ± 4.8 D (range 53.6–78.3 D) at 2 years (P = 0.001). Nine of the 50 eyes (18%) showed an increase of Kmax of ≥ 1 D.

Conclusions:
The incidence of progression (23% at 1 and 18% at 2 years, respectively) is considerably higher than in previously reported results of CXL in eyes with mean Kmax ≥58.0 D. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the largest number of such steep corneas analyzed with respect to long-term progression after CXL.
Strategically Applying New Criteria for Use Improves Management of Peripheral Intravenous Catheters
Authors: Loudermilk Ryan A. , Steffen Layne E. , McGarvey Jeremy S. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVCs) are common devices used across many healthcare settings. This quality improvement project aims to proactively remove PIVCs as soon as possible by empowering nurses and providers to clinically evaluate the necessity of every PIVC on a daily basis on a general hospital medical unit. Specific criteria were established to assess PIVC necessity. Cases of PIVCs not meeting established criteria are escalated to providers for a decision point. The PIVC removal times documented within the electronic medical record were analyzed to compare precriteria PIVC dwell times to postcriteria dwell times. The time between removal of a patient's last PIVC and patient discharge was analyzed to determine if more PIVCs are being removed sooner after becoming clinically unnecessary. Significantly fewer PIVCs (decrease of 14.4%) are being removed on the day of discharge in the postintervention time frame, whereas more PIVCs are being removed one (increase of 5.5%) or two (increase of 4.0%) days before the day of discharge. A strategic project to critically evaluate PIVCs on a daily basis and remove PIVCs not meeting criteria for use was successful in proactively removing PIVCs. Hospitals should evaluate PIVC practice, monitor daily usage, and strategically intervene to remove unneeded PIVCs.
Designing Large-Scale Improvement: Using an Academic–Practice Partnership to Enhance Care Transitions
Authors: Polancich Shea , Selleck Cynthia S. , Poe Terri , Miltner Rebecca , Shirey Maria R. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
This department column highlights translation of research into healthcare quality practice. Achieving the highest quality in healthcare requires organizations to understand care delivery and to develop and design process efficiencies. The improvement process may be enhanced through a partnership between the healthcare facility and an affiliated school of nursing. The purpose of this article was to describe the process for developing a large-scale improvement project focused on enhancing care transitions within an academic medical center using an academic–practice partnership model.
Hearing Restoration During Vestibular Schwannoma Surgery With Transcanal Approach: Anatomical and Functional Preliminary Report
Authors: Marchioni Daniele , Veronese Sheila , Carner Marco , Sacchetto Andrea , Sacchetto Luca , Masotto Barbara , Bianconi Luca 
Published: August 2018

Objective:
Hearing restoration has always been a dream in vestibular schwannoma (VS) surgery. The aim of this study is to describe an endoscopic assisted transcanal retrocochlear approach to the internal auditory canal (IAC) with total removal of the VS; simultaneously we assessed the anatomical and functional aspects of hearing restoration with cochlear implant (CI).

Study Design:
A retrospective case series.

Setting:
Tertiary referral center.

Patients:
Six patients affected by VS involving the fundus of the IAC (Koos stage I–II) were included in this study. The patients already demonstrated symptoms of IAC involvement by the neuroma, with severe to profound hearing loss.

Interventions:
Transcanal microscopic, endoscopic assisted, approach was chosen for total tumor removal. Preoperative and intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring was performed using electrically evoked auditory brainstem responses (EABR) to evaluate preservation of cochlear function.

Main Outcome and Measures:
A retrospective evaluation of electrophysiological data collected during surgeries has been conducted; clinical outcomes, surgical complications, and postoperative radiological evaluations were also considered.

Results:
Total tumor removal was achieved in all patients with no major complications. One patient showed temporary facial palsy (HB stage II). We were able to preserve cochlear function in five out of six patients. In those patients intraoperative monitoring with EABR was performed after tumor removal with good responses.

Conclusions:
Transcanal retrocochlear approach for VS removal allows preservation of cochlea and cochlear nerve function. This is the first step towards developing an effective surgical technique for VS removal and hearing rehabilitation with CI.
Use of Biosimilars in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: de Ridder Lissy , Assa Amit , Bronsky Jiri , Romano Claudio , Russell Richard K. , Afzal Nadeem A. , Hauer Almuthe C. , Knafelz Daniela , Lionetti Paolo , Strisciuglio Caterina , Veres Gábor , Winter Harland , Wolters Victorien M. , Sladek Malgorzata , Vulto Arnold G. , Dias Jorge A. ,   Paediatric IBD Porto group of ESPGHAN
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTBiologic therapies have changed the outcome of both adult and pediatric patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). In September 2013, the first biosimilar of infliximab was introduced into the pharmaceutical market. In 2015, a first position paper on the use of biosimilars in pediatric IBD was published by the ESPGHAN IBD Porto group. Since then, more data have accumulated for both adults and children demonstrating biosimilars are an effective and safe alternative to the originator. In this updated position statement, we summarize current evidence and provide joint consensus statements regarding the recommended practice of biosimilar use in children with IBD.
Field Expansion for Acquired Monocular Vision Using a Multiplexing Prism
Authors: Jung Jae-Hyun , Peli Eli 
Published: August 2018

SIGNIFICANCE
Acquired monocular vision (AMV) is a common visual field loss. Patients report mobility difficulties in walking due to collisions with objects or other pedestrians on the blind side.

PURPOSE
The visual field of people with AMV extends more than 90° temporally on the side of the seeing eye but is restricted to approximately 55° nasally. We developed a novel field expansion device using a multiplexing prism (MxP) that superimposes the see-through and shifted views for true field expansion without apical scotoma. We present various designs of the device that enable customized fitting and improved cosmetics.

METHODS
A partial MxP segment is attached (base-in) near the nose bridge. To avoid total internal reflection due to the high angle of incidence at nasal field end (55°), we fit the MxP with serrations facing the eye and tilt the prism base toward the nose. We calculated the width of the MxP (the apex location) needed to prevent apical scotoma and monocular diplopia. We also consider the effect of spectacle prescriptions on these settings. The results are verified perimetrically.

RESULTS
We documented the effectivity of various prototype glasses designs with perimetric measurements. With the prototypes, all patients with AMV had field-of-view expansions up to 90° nasally without any loss of seeing field.

CONCLUSIONS
The novel and properly mounted MxP in glasses has the potential for meaningful field-of-view expansion up to the size of normal binocular vision in cosmetically acceptable form.
The Pediatric Critical Care Transfusion and Anemia Expertise Initiative Consensus Conference Methodology
Authors: Bembea Melania M. , Valentine Stacey L. , Bateman Scot T. , Wilson Lisa M. , Anton Blair , Harger Nancy , Robinson Karen A. 
Published: August 2018

Objectives:
This article describes the methodology used for Pediatric Critical Care Transfusion and Anemia Expertise Initiative Consensus Conference.

Design:
Consensus conference of international experts in pediatric critical care and transfusion medicine, following standards set by the Institute of Medicine, using the Research and Development/UCLA Appropriateness Method, modeled after the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference. Topics related to RBC transfusion in children with or at risk for critical illness were divided into nine subgroups with a systematic review of the literature.

Methods:
The panel of 38 content and four methodology experts met three times over the course of 2 years and collaborated to develop evidence-based and, when evidence was lacking, expert-based clinical recommendations as well as research priorities for RBC transfusions in critically ill children or those at risk for critical illness. Electronic searches were conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases from 1980 to May 2017. Agreement was obtained using the Research and Development/UCLA Appropriateness Method. We used a standardized data extraction form to construct evidence tables and graded the evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system.

Main Results:
The consensus conference resulted in 102 recommendation statements, of which 57 were clinical (20 evidence based and 37 based on expert consensus) and 45 detailed recommendations for future research. Dissemination was done via decision tree, a primary publication listing all statements, and separate publications for each subtopic that include supporting arguments for each recommendation.

Conclusions:
A consensus conference of experts from around the world developed recommendations for RBC transfusions in critically ill children or children at risk for critical illness, the identification of current research gaps, and future research priorities.
Recommendations on Selection and Processing of RBC Components for Pediatric Patients From the Pediatric Critical Care Transfusion and Anemia Expertise Initiative
Authors: Zantek Nicole D. , Parker Robert I. , van de Watering Leo M. , Josephson Cassandra D. , Bateman Scot T. , Valentine Stacey L. , Delaney Meghan 
Published: August 2018

Objectives:To present the recommendations and supporting literature for selection and processing of RBC products in critically ill children developed by the Pediatric Critical Care Transfusion and Anemia Expertise Initiative.Design:Consensus conference series of international, multidisciplinary experts in RBC transfusion management of critically ill childrenMethods:The panel of 38 experts developed evidence-based, and when evidence was lacking, expert-based clinical recommendations as well as research priorities for RBC transfusions in critically ill children. The RBC processing subgroup included five experts. Electronic searches were conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases from 1980 to May 2017. Agreement was obtained using the Research and Development/UCLA Appropriateness Method. Results were summarized using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation method.Results:Five recommendations reached agreement (> 80%). Irradiated cellular products are recommended for children at risk of transfusion-associated graft versus host disease due to severe congenital or acquired causes of immune deficiency or when the blood donor is a blood relative. Washed cellular blood components and avoidance of other plasma-containing products are recommended for critically ill children with history of severe allergic reactions or anaphylaxis to blood transfusions, although patient factors appear to be important in the pathogenesis of reactions. For children with history of severe allergic transfusion reactions, evaluation for allergic stigmata prior to transfusion is recommended. In children with severe immunoglobulin A deficiency with evidence of antiimmunoglobulin A antibodies and/or a history of a severe transfusion reaction, immunoglobulin A–deficient blood components obtained either from an immunoglobulin A–deficient donor and/or washed cellular components is recommended.Conclusions:The Transfusion and Anemia Expertise Initiative consensus conference developed recommendations for selection and processing of RBC units for critically ill children. Recommendations in this area are largely based on pediatric and adult case report data.
Do Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease Have a Higher Postoperative Risk of Venous Thromboembolism or Do They Undergo More High-risk Operations?
Authors: McKenna Nicholas P. , Bews Katherine A. , Behm Kevin T. , Mathis Kellie L. , Lightner Amy L. , Habermann Elizabeth B. 
Published: August 2018

Objective:
To determine the relative or combined effects of Crohn disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) and the operation performed on postoperative venous thromboembolism (VTE) to better guide recommendations on extended VTE prophylaxis.

Summary Background Data:
There is growing evidence to suggest patients with inflammatory bowel disease have an increased risk of postoperative VTE, but prior studies have not accounted for the operation performed nor acknowledged differences between CD and UC.

Methods:
The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Project database from 2005 to 2016 was queried for patients with a diagnosis of CD, UC, malignancy, or benign disease (diverticular disease, Clostridium difficile) undergoing major abdominal surgery. Operations with a VTE rate >3% were designated high risk. Operation-specific univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted.

Results:
A total of 231,718 operations were analyzed with 4426 patients experiencing a VTE (1.9%). The overall rate of VTE ranged widely based on the operation performed from 0.7% for enterostomy closure to 5.3% for open subtotal colectomy. Seven operations met our threshold of 3% to be considered high risk. For each operation, postoperative VTE rates were similar regardless of diagnostic indication when performed in the elective setting. However, when performed emergently, the same operations had significantly higher VTE rates. Compared with the malignancy and benign disease groups, neither CD nor UC was associated with increased odds of VTE after any operation.

Conclusions:
Postoperative VTE risk varies widely by the operation performed, and a diagnostic indication of CD or UC does not play a role. Extended duration VTE prophylaxis should be considered in all patients undergoing high-risk operations, regardless of their underlying diagnosis.
Comprehensive Modeling of Spinal Muscular Atrophy in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Spring Ashlyn M. , Raimer Amanda C. , Hamilton Christine D. , Schillinger Michela J. , Matera A. Gregory 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSpinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects motor neurons, primarily in young children. SMA is caused by mutations in the Survival Motor Neuron 1 (SMN1) gene. SMN functions in the assembly of spliceosomal RNPs and is well conserved in many model systems including mouse, zebrafish, fruit fly, nematode, and fission yeast. Work in Drosophila has primarily focused on loss of SMN function during larval stages, primarily using null alleles or strong hypomorphs. A systematic analysis of SMA-related phenotypes in the context of moderate alleles that more closely mimic the genetics of SMA has not been performed in the fly, leading to debate over the validity and translational value of this model. We therefore examined fourteen Drosophila lines expressing SMA patient-derived missense mutations in Smn, with a focus on neuromuscular phenotypes in the adult stage. Animals were evaluated on the basis of organismal viability and longevity, locomotor function, neuromuscular junction structure, and muscle health. In all cases, we observed phenotypes similar to those of SMA patients, including progressive loss of adult motor function. The severity of these defects is variable, and forms a broad spectrum across the fourteen lines examined, recapitulating the full range of phenotypic severity observed in human SMA. This includes late-onset models of SMA, which have been difficult to produce in other model systems. The results provide direct evidence that SMA-related locomotor decline can be reproduced in the fly and support the use of patient-derived SMN missense mutations as a comprehensive system for modeling SMA.