bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental Applications of Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrodes: 1. Applications in Water and Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Nidheesh P. V. , Divyapriya G. , Oturan Nihal , Trellu Clément , Oturan Mehmet A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractOver the past few decades, environmental applications of the boron‐doped diamond (BDD) electrode are reported to be vast and versatile. Applications of BDD electrodes in the field of electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) for the abatement of toxic persistent organic pollutants are significant, owing to the easy and effective way of treatment. This article focuses on highlighting and summarizing the applications of the BDD electrode for the treatment of different synthetic and real wastewaters, such as those involved in pharmaceuticals and personal care products, pesticides/herbicides, dyes, etc. We also review the processes and methodologies involving the synthesis of BDD electrodes and summarize the desirable characteristic features required for the application of EAOPs. Applications of BDD electrodes for the treatment of wastewater through different EAOPs, including anodic oxidation, electro‐Fenton, coupling processes such as electro‐Fenton pyrite, bioelectro‐Fenton, and their recent advancements are also discussed in detail. It envisages the greater potential for complete treatment of different toxic wastewater effluents. This Review shows that the application of BDD electrodes in the field of wastewater treatment is tremendous and proves to be a promising material for future perspectives.
Environmental Applications of Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrodes: 2. Soil Remediation and Sensing Applications
Authors: Trellu Clément , Chakraborty Shampa , Nidheesh P. V. , Oturan Mehmet A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe chemical stability and electrocatalytic properties of boron‐doped diamond (BDD) electrodes give rise to various applications. While wastewater treatment is the most widely studied field, the use of BDD for soil remediation and environmental sensing is currently investigated more and more. With regards to soil remediation, promising results have been reported for the treatment of soil washing solutions. Anodic oxidation using BDD at high current density allows high mineralization rates of biorefractory soil pollutants and extracting agents to be reached. At low current density, selective degradation of target pollutants has been achieved, thus allowing the reuse of extracting agents for further soil washing steps. BDD‐based electrochemical sensors have been studied for chemical oxygen demand determination, pesticide/pharmaceutical detection as well as other applications such as pH, O2 and analysis of various organic and inorganic compounds. Low detection limits, wide linear ranges and low standard deviations have been achieved. The main reasons behind the superiority of BDD sensors are the chemical stability, wide applicability and resistance of BDD towards biofouling. The beauty of BDD sensing is that it can work for a variety of organic and inorganic compounds under many physicochemical parameters.
Rational Design of Highly Conductive Nitrogen‐Doped Hollow Carbon Microtubes Derived from Willow Catkin for Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Qin Bin , Wang Qun , Zhang Xiaohua , Jin Li'e , Cao Qing 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe rational design of carbon materials with high electrical conductivity, low tortuosity, large specific surface area, and sufficient heteroatom doping for high‐performance supercapacitor application is highly desired but remains as a major challenge. Herein, by templating the natural microtubular and thin‐walled structure of willow catkin, a highly conductive nitrogen‐doped hollow carbon microtube material was synthesized through an integrated procedure including polymerization, pyrolysis, and activation. Robust N‐doped crosslinked graphene was grafted on the internal and external walls of carbonized hollow catkin to form a sandwich structure of the derived carbon. The obtained carbon microtubes exhibit a large specific surface area (2608 m2 g−1), short and unimpeded ion‐diffusion paths, high‐level heteroatom doping (O: 12.5 at %, N: 3.4 at %), and excellent electrical conductivity (128 S m−1). Benefitting from its desirable textural properties and favorable elemental composition, the derived electrode, without the addition of conductive additives, delivers impressive capacitance values of 408 F g−1 (0.5 A g−1) in 6 M KOH electrolyte and 420.8 F g−1 (1 A g−1) in 1 M H2SO4, as well as an outstanding rate capability and excellent cycling stability. In addition, the assembled symmetric supercapacitor displays an ultrahigh energy density of 27.3 Wh kg−1 at 182 W kg−1 in 1 M Na2SO4 electrolyte. These advanced characteristics ensure the carbon microtubes hold great promise for energy storage/conversion applications.
Mixed‐Electrolyte‐Driven Stereoselective Electrochemical Glycosylation
Authors: Isoda Yuta , Kitamura Kei , Takahashi Shuji , Nokami Toshiki , Itoh Toshiyuki 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMixed electrolytes such as tetrabutylammonium triflate (Bu4NOTf) and tetrabutylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl‐amide) (Bu4NNTf2) were found to improve stereoselectivity in electrochemical glycosylation of thioglycosides building blocks without a stereocontrolling group. Bu4NOTf was crucial to generate glycosyl triflate intermediate, whereas a second electrolyte such as Bu4NNTf2 contributes reducing solution resistance. Therefore, we assume that Bu4NOTf works as a reservoir of the triflate anion of the glycosyl triflate intermediate and Bu4NNTf2 works only as an electrolyte.
1,3‐Diphosphacyclobutene Cobalt Complexes
Authors: Rödl Christian , Schwedtmann Kai , Weigand Jan J. , Wolf Robert 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of rare 1,3‐diphosphacyclobutene transition‐metal complexes is described. Reactions of the cobalt‐hydride complex [Co(P2C2tBu2)2H] (G) with nBuLi, tBuLi, or PhLi afforded [Li(solv)x{Co(η3‐P2C2tBu2HR)(η4‐P2C2tBu2)}] (1: R=nBu, (solv)x=(Et2O)2; 2: R=tBu, (solv)x=(thf)2; 3: R=Ph, (solv)x=(Et2O)(thf)2), with an η3‐coordinated 1,3‐diphosphacyclobutene ligand as a result of organyl‐anion attack at one of the phosphorus atoms of the bis(1,3‐diphosphacyclobutadiene) backbone. In contrast to the reactions with PhLi, the aryl‐magnesium compounds p‐tolyl magnesium chloride and p‐fluorophenyl magnesium bromide deprotonate [Co(P2C2tBu2)2H] to give the magnesium salt [Mg(MeCN)6][Co(η4‐P2C2tBu2)2]2 (4), which contains a bis(1,3‐diphosphacyclobutadiene)‐cobaltate anion. The [Co(η4‐P2C2tBu2)2]− anions are well separated from the octahedral [Mg(MeCN)6]2+ cation in the molecular structure of 4. Compound 1 reacts with Me3SiCl to give neutral [Co(η3‐P2C2tBu2HnBu)(η4‐P2C2tBu2SiMe3)] (5, 52 % yield) with an SiMe3 group attached to one of the P atoms of the previously unfunctionalized backbone.
A One‐Pot Ring‐Opening/Ring‐Closure Sequence for the Synthesis of Polycyclic Spirooxindoles
Authors: Ren Ji‐Wei , Zhao Qing‐Lan , Xiao Jun‐An , Xia Peng‐Ju , Xiang Hao‐Yue , Chen Xiao‐Qing , Yang Hua 
Published: March 2019

AbstractOne‐pot ring‐opening/ring‐closure process of combining methyleneindolinone with 3‐aminooxindole has been developed in this work. Novel polycyclic spirooxindoles were efficiently assembled under mild conditions in high yields (up to 95 %) with moderate to good diastereoselectivities (up to >95:5 d.r.) through simple filtration.
Convenient Access to 2,3‐Disubstituted‐cyclobut‐2‐en‐1‐ones under Suzuki Conditions and Their Synthetic Utility
Authors: Alcaide Benito , Almendros Pedro , Lázaro‐Milla Carlos 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA regioselective synthesis of general applicability has been designed for the one‐pot preparation of 2,3‐disubstituted‐cyclobutenones from iodoalkynes through cyclobutenylation, Suzuki CC coupling, and ketone formation. This one‐pot methodology has been applied to the selective synthesis of an orally active cyclooxygenase II inhibitor. Furthermore, the obtained cyclobut‐2‐en‐1‐ones were used as synthons in several transformations, such as, the preparation of β‐lactams, phthalazines, cyclohexa‐2,5‐dien‐1‐ones, and cyclopent‐3‐en‐1‐ones.
In Vitro Coral Biomineralization under Relevant Aragonite Supersaturation Conditions
Authors: Njegić Džakula Branka , Fermani Simona , Dubinsky Zvy , Goffredo Stefano , Falini Giuseppe , Kralj Damir 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe biomineralization of corals occurs under conditions of high and low supersaturation with respect to aragonite, which corresponds to day‐ or night‐time periods of their growth, respectively. Here, in vitro precipitation of aragonite in artificial seawater was investigated at a high supersaturation, allowing spontaneous nucleation and growth, as well as at low supersaturation conditions, which allowed only the crystal growth on the deliberately introduced aragonite seeds. In either chemical systems, soluble organic matrix (SOM) extracted from Balanophyllia europaea (light sensitive) or Leptopsammia pruvoti (light insensitive) was added. The analyses of the kinetic and thermodynamic data of aragonite precipitation and microscopic observations showed that, at high supersaturation, the SOMs increased the induction time, did not affect the growth rate and were incorporated within aggregates of nanoparticles. At low supersaturation, the SOMs affected the aggregation of overgrowing crystalline units and did not substantially change the growth rate. On the basis of the obtained results we can infer that at high supersaturation conditions the formation of nanoparticles, which is typically observed in the skeleton's early mineralization zone may occur, whereas at low supersaturation the overgrowth on prismatic seeds observed in the skeleton fiber zone is a predominant process. In conclusion, this research brings insight on coral skeletogenesis bridging physicochemical (supersaturation) and biological (role of SOM) models of coral biomineralization and provides a source of inspiration for the precipitation of composite materials under different conditions of supersaturation.
Delays in radical cystectomy for muscle‐invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Chu Alice T. , Holt Sarah K. , Wright Jonathan L. , Ramos Jorge D. , Grivas Petros , Yu Evan Y. , Gore John L. 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundDelays from the diagnosis of muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) to radical cystectomy (RC) longer than 12 weeks result in higher mortality and shorter progression‐free survival. This study sought to identify factors associated with RC delays and to determine whether delays in care in the current treatment paradigm, which includes neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), affect survival.MethodsSubjects with American Joint Committee on Cancer stage II urothelial carcinoma of the bladder who underwent RC from 2004 to 2012 were identified from the linked Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results national cancer registry and the Medicare claims database and were stratified into RC groups with or without NAC. Cox multivariable proportional hazard models and multivariable logistic regression models assessed the significance of delays in RC for survival and identified independent characteristics associated with RC delays, respectively.ResultsThis study identified 1509 patients with MIBC who underwent RC during the study period. In comparison with timely surgery, delays in RC increased overall mortality, regardless of the use of NAC (hazard ratio [HR] without NAC, 1.34; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03‐1.76; HR after NAC, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.06‐2.52). Patients proceeding to RC without NAC had higher odds of delayed care if they lived in a high‐poverty neighborhood (odds ratio [OR], 1.37; 95% CI, 1.01‐2.08) or nonmetropolitan area (OR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.01‐2.55), were men (OR, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.25‐4.00), or required a provider transfer for bladder cancer care (OR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.10‐3.03).ConclusionsDelays in care from the time of either the initial diagnosis or the completion of NAC to RC are associated with worse overall survival among patients with MIBC. Timely surgery is fundamental in the treatment of MIBC, and this necessitates attention to disparities in access to complex surgical care and care coordination.
A new biological bone remodeling in silico model combined with advanced discretization methods
Authors: Peyroteo Madalena M. A. , Belinha Jorge , Dinis Lucia M.J.S. , Natal Jorge Renato M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBone remodeling remains a highly researched topic investigated by many strands of science. The main purpose of this work is formulating a new computational framework for biological simulation, extending the version of the bone remodeling model previously proposed by Komarova. Thus, considering only the biological aspect of the remodeling process, the action of osteoclasts and osteoblasts is taken into account as well as its impact on bone mass. It is conducted a spatiotemporal analysis of a remodeling cycle obtaining a dynamic behavior of bone cells very similar to the biological process already described in the literature. The numerical example used is based on bone images obtained with scanning electron microscopy. During simulation, it is possible to observe the variation of bone's architecture through isomaps. These maps are obtained through the combination of biological bone remodeling models with three distinct numerical techniques—finite element method (FEM), radial point interpolation method (RPIM), and natural neighbor radial point interpolation method (NNRPIM). A study combining these numerical techniques allows to compare their performance. Ultimately, this work supports the inclusion of meshless methods due to their smoother results and its easiness to be combined with medical images from CT scans and MRI.
A new product anti‐counterfeiting blockchain using a truly decentralized dynamic consensus protocol
Authors: Alzahrani Naif , Bulusu Nirupama 
Published: March 2019

SummaryThe growth of counterfeit goods has plagued the international community for decades. Nowadays, the battle against counterfeiting remains a significant challenge. Most of the current anti‐counterfeiting systems are centralized. Motivated by the evolution of blockchain technology, we propose (Block‐Supply), a decentralized anti‐counterfeiting supply chain that exploits NFC and blockchain technologies. This paper also proposes a new truly decentralized consensus protocol that, unlike most of the existing protocols, does not require PoW and randomly employs a different set of different size of validators each time a new block is proposed. Our protocol utilizes a game theoretical model to analyze the risk likelihood of the block's proposing nodes. This risk likelihood is used to determine the number of validators involved in the consensus process. Additionally, the game model enforces the honest consensus nodes' behavior by rewarding honest players and penalizing dishonest ones. Our protocol utilizes a novel, decentralized, dynamic mapping between the nodes that participate in the consensus process. This mapping ensures that the interaction between these nodes is executed anonymously and blindly. This way of mapping withstands many attacks that require knowing the identities of the participating nodes in advance, such as DDoS, Bribery, and Eclipse attacks.
Comparing Complex Protein Samples Using Two‐Dimensional Polyacrylamide Gels
Authors: Harper Sandra , W. Speicher David 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis manuscript describes protocols for separation of complex protein samples using two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D‐PAGE). Electrophoresis in a single dimension, e.g., 1D SDS polyacrylamide gels, has the potential to rapidly separate hundreds of proteins. When two orthogonal high‐resolution electrophoretic methods are efficiently combined in perpendicular dimensions, complex protein mixtures can be separated into thousands of discrete spots. The most common 2D gel separation for intact proteins involves a first‐dimensional separation using isoelectric focusing (IEF) followed by separation based on protein size (SDS‐PAGE). Currently, most 2D gel studies rely on the use of commercially available immobilized pH gradient (IPG) gels, which provide improved ease of use and reproducibility compared with older methods. IPG gels are available in a range of sizes and different pH ranges. Resolution typically increases as the 2D gel size increases; however, difficulty of use increases sharply and throughput decreases as gel size increases. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
DCDS: Data centric dispatcher selection protocol for cellular enabled VANET communication
Authors: Dhanasegaran Kalaivani , Soundrapandiyan Rajkumar 
Published: March 2019

SummaryThe Vehicular Ad‐hoc Network (VANET) is one of the emerging research areas in recent days, in which accomplishing the robustness and security are the demanding tasks. To obtain these objectives, various offloading‐based techniques are developed in the traditional works. Still, it remains with the limitations of high mobility, no assurance for data acceptance, and limited applicability for multiple data exchange units. Thus, this paper aims to develop a Data Centric Dispatcher Selection (DCDS) algorithm based on data offloading for a secure information exchange in VANET. It aims to enable the cellular‐based VANET connection by using the application layer protocol without taking the Pending Interest (PI)‐based information. Also, the Content Centric Network (CCN) concept is utilized to exchange the data between for upcoming internet. In this environment, the position of own vehicle and neighboring vehicle are known to each vehicle by using the Global Positioning System (GPS) and security messages. Moreover, the communication does not depend on the device's name, but it depends on the content name in CCN. Because of the availability of multiple interfaces in CCN, there is no content loss in the network. During simulation, various performance measures are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed technique, which includes throughput, packet loss rate, average end‐to‐end delay, total Satisfied Interest Packet (SIP), Forwarded Interest Packet (FIP), and average Interest Satisfactory Delay (ISD). Also, the superiority of this paper is proved by comparing it with some existing techniques such as Internet Protocol Television Quality of Service (IPTV‐QoS), Michael Oche (MO), and RobUst Forwarder Selection (RUFs).
JAZF1, a relevant metabolic regulator in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Liao Zhe‐Zhen , Wang Ya‐Di , Qi Xiao‐Yan , Xiao Xin‐Hua 
Published: March 2019

SummaryExcessive adiposity and metabolic inflammation are the key risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Juxtaposed with another zinc finger gene 1 (JAZF1) has been identified as a novel transcriptional cofactor, with function of regulating glucose and lipid homeostasis and inflammation. JAZF1 is involved in metabolic process of T2DM via interaction with several nuclear receptors and protein kinases. Additionally, increasing evidence from genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) has shown that JAZF1 polymorphisms are closely associated with T2DM. In this review, we have updated the latest research advances on JAZF1 and discussed its regulatory network in T2DM. The association between JAZF1 polymorphisms and T2DM is discussed as well. The information provided is of importance for guiding future studies as well as for the design of JAZF1‐based T2DM therapy.
The chemistry and pharmacology of putative synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist (SCRA) new psychoactive substances (NPS) 5F‐PY‐PICA, 5F‐PY‐PINACA, and their analogs
Authors: Banister Samuel D. , Kevin Richard C. , Martin Lewis , Adams Axel , Macdonald Christa , Manning Jamie J. , Boyd Rochelle , Cunningham Michael , Stevens Marc Y. , McGregor Iain S. , Glass Michelle , Connor Mark , Gerona Roy R. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract5F‐PY‐PICA and 5F‐PY‐PINACA are pyrrolidinyl 1‐(5‐fluoropentyl)ind (az)ole‐3‐carboxamides identified in 2015 as putative synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist (SCRA) new psychoactive substances (NPS). 5F‐PY‐PICA, 5F‐PY‐PINACA, and analogs featuring variation of the 1‐alkyl substituent or contraction, expansion, or scission of the pyrrolidine ring were synthesized and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and liquid chromatography–quadrupole time‐of‐flight–mass spectrometry (LC–QTOF–MS). In competitive binding experiments against HEK293 cells expressing human cannabinoid receptor type 1 (hCB1) or type 2 (hCB2), all analogs showed minimal affinity for CB1 (pKi < 5), although several demonstrated moderate CB2 binding (pKi 5.45–6.99). In fluorescence‐based membrane potential assays using AtT20‐hCB1 or ‐hCB2 cells, none of the compounds (at 10 μM) produced an effect >50% of the classical cannabinoid agonist CP55,940 (at 1 μM) at hCB1, although several showed slightly higher relative efficacy at hCB2. Expansion of the pyrrolidine ring of 5F‐PY‐PICA to an azepane (8) conferred the greatest hCB2 affinity (pKi 6.99) and activity (pEC50 7.54, Emax 72%) within the series. Unlike other SCRA NPS evaluated in vivo using radio biotelemetry, 5F‐PY‐PICA and 5F‐PY‐PINACA did not produce cannabimimetic effects (hypothermia, bradycardia) in mice at doses up to 10 mg/kg.
Patch‐scale culls of an overabundant bird defeated by immediate recolonization
Authors: Beggs Richard , Tulloch Ayesha I. T. , Pierson Jennifer , Blanchard Wade , Crane Mason , Lindenmayer David 
Published: March 2019

AbstractOverabundant native animals cause a variety of human–wildlife conflicts that can require management to reduce their social, environmental, or economic impacts. Culling is an intuitively attractive management response to overabundance, but poor monitoring of results and costs means that evidence for successful outcomes is often lacking. Furthermore, many culls worldwide have been ineffective or counterproductive due to ecological release mechanisms or compensatory responses by the overabundant species. We completed a controlled, replicated, costed, and rigorously monitored experimental cull of the endemic Australian honeyeater, the Noisy Miner (Manorina melanocephala). Aggressive exclusion of birds from remnant woodland patches by overabundant Noisy Miners is listed as a Key Threatening Process under Australian conservation legislation due to its impacts on threatened birds. The problem is particularly prevalent in the highly modified agricultural landscapes of eastern Australia. The species impacts avian assemblages at low densities (0.6–0.8 birds/ha) and at a subcontinental scale (>1 million km2). Some ecologists recommend culling as the only management response capable of timely reversal of declines of threatened small woodland birds. We monitored Noisy Miner abundance before and for 12 months after a culling program and found that immediate recolonization from the surrounding landscape negated the impact of the cull. We hypothesize that this is due to a vacuum effect; whereby, birds resident in more marginal habitat around treatment patches move into the vacant territory post‐cull. Modeled mean abundance of Noisy Miners declined by 22% in treatment sites compared to an increase of 4% in control sites in the post‐cull period. Abundance in all sites, however, remained three to five times higher than published ecological impact thresholds. Return on investment analysis indicated no relationship between culling effort and reduction in Noisy Miner abundance. We conclude that culling at a patch scale is not an efficient method of reducing Noisy Miner abundance to levels unlikely to impact threatened woodland birds in the highly modified study landscape, despite estimated costs 18 times lower than another potential management response of revegetation. Our study highlights the importance of building empirical evidence before intuitively attractive but not necessarily ecologically effective management responses are applied more widely.