bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of T2 Dixon and Standard Sagittal MRI Sequences for Evaluating Lumbar Spine Degeneration
Authors: Raza Sobia Jawwad , . Madiha , Ikram Muhammad , Gul Nadia , Jabeen Farkhanda , Ajmal Anum 
Published: November 2024

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic performance and inter observer agreement between standard sagittalprotocol and Dixon protocol in assessment of high intensity zones and Modic end plate changes in patients whoundergo magnetic resonance imaging of lumbar spine for lumbar radiculopathy.Study Design: Cross-sectional study.Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, WahMedical College Wah Cantt, Pakistan in period of three months from March 2024 to May 2024.Methods: Total 163 patients of either gender above age of 30 years were included in the study presented withcomplaint of lumbar radiculopathy. All patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging of lumbar spine. Twoexperienced radiologists first assessed the high intensity zones and Modic end plate changes for each level oflumbar spine on the sagittal T2 Dixon sequences and then on standard sagittal sequences independently fromone another. Findings were recorded on performa. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23. First theagreement between readers 1 and 2 was examined for the Dixon protocol and then on standard protocol inassessment of high intensity zone and Modic end plate changes using kappa statistics and the size of the interreader agreement was compared between standard protocol and Dixon protocol. Secondly the K values and their standard errors were used to perform a Z-test to examine if there are significant statistical differencesbetween the two sequences.Results: Both the Dixon and standard protocols demonstrate high inter observer agreement with Cohen's Kappa values indicating almost perfect concordance. The Z-test comparisons between the protocols show nostatistically significant differences in agreement for either high intensity zones or Modic end plate changesassessments at any spinal level, as all P-values were above the 0.05 threshold. Both protocols exhibitcomparable reliability in evaluating lumbar spine conditions.Conclusion: Single sagittal T2 Dixon sequence could replace the standard sagittal sequences for the assessment of high intensity zones and Modic end plate changes with a 30% acquisition time reduction at 1.5T.
How to cite this: Raza SJ, Madiha, Ikram M, Gul N, Jabeen F, Ajmal A. Comparison of T2 Dixon and Standard Sagittal MRI Sequences for Evaluating Lumbar Spine Degeneration. Life and Science. 2024; 5(4): 511-520. doi: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.759
Efektivitas Reforma Agraria Dalam Mencapai Keadilan Dan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat
Authors: Sidqi Faris Ali 
Published: November 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efektivitas reforma agraria dalam mencapai keadilan dan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Rang lingkup dalam penelitian ini berfokus pada pelaksanaan reforma agraria di Indonesia selama era pemerintahan 10 tahun terakhir. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian normatif dan pendekatan perundang-undangan. Teknik pengumpulan data dolakukan dengan menelusuri data primer dan data sekunder. Hasil dari penelitian ini yakni; Reforma Agraria secara keseluruhan memilik tujuan untuk mencapai dua hal, yakni keadilan dan kesejahteraan. Jika nilai keadilan tidak dapat diraih maka akan berdampak pada kesejahteraan. Sehingga melalui Reforma Agraria, diharapkan pemerintah mampu menciptakan keadilan dalam ruang lingkup agraria. Dengan tercapainya keadilan, maka diharap masyarakat Indonesia mampu merasakan kesejahteraan, kesejahteraan yang merata kepada seluruh kelompok masyarakat; Penilaian terhadap efektivitasi reforma agraria secara singkat dijabarkan dalam 3 poin yakni: a. Lokasi Prioritas Reforma Agraria; b. Penyelesaian Konflik Agraria; dan c. Penguasaan Tanah.
Evaluating the Efficacy of Irisin Injection in Mimicking the Molecular Responses Induced by Endurance Exercise in Mouse Liver Tissue
Authors: Shahabi Shirin , Esfarjani Fahimeh , Zamani Saeed , Rarani Fahimeh Zamani , Rashidi Bahman 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background:
Physical activity has been found to improve liver health by reducing oxidative stress (OS), possibly through the protein irisin. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) help regulate the body’s response to stress and maintain cellular health. This study aimed to investigate the expression of the HSP70 gene and protein, miR-223a, and serum irisin levels in the liver after 8 weeks of endurance exercise or irisin injection.

Methods:
Twenty-one mice were randomly assigned to a control group, an endurance training group, and an irisin injection group. The expression of the HSP70 gene and miR-223a was analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), while HSP70 protein levels were measured using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blot analysis. The concentration of irisin in the mouse serum was evaluated using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.

Results:
The endurance training and irisin injection groups exhibited a significant increase in the HSP70 gene (405.30% and 816.03%, respectively) and protein expression (173.89% in IHC, 36.76% in Western blot for endurance training; 206.73% in IHC, 59.80% in Western blot for irisin injection) as well as elevated serum irisin levels (49.75% for endurance training and 60.65% for irisin injection) compared with the control group. In contrast, miR-223a expression decreased in both the endurance training (21.37%) and irisin injection (52.80%) groups (P < 0.05 in all cases). Mice in the irisin injection group demonstrated higher levels of the HSP70 gene (81.28%) and protein expression (11.99% in IHC and 16.84% in Western blot) and lower miR-223a levels (39.97%) than those in the endurance training group (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
The study concludes that irisin administration can replicate the effects of long-term endurance exercise on HSP70 and miR-223a and may have a more significant impact on their production than exercise training alone.
Discriminative, generative artificial intelligence, and foundation models in retina imaging
Authors: Ruamviboonsuk Paisan , Arjkongharn Niracha , Vongsa Nattaporn , Pakaymaskul Pawin , Kaothanthong Natsuda 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Recent advances of artificial intelligence (AI) in retinal imaging found its application in two major categories: discriminative and generative AI. For discriminative tasks, conventional convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are still major AI techniques. Vision transformers (ViT), inspired by the transformer architecture in natural language processing, has emerged as useful techniques for discriminating retinal images. ViT can attain excellent results when pretrained at sufficient scale and transferred to specific tasks with fewer images, compared to conventional CNN. Many studies found better performance of ViT, compared to CNN, for common tasks such as diabetic retinopathy screening on color fundus photographs (CFP) and segmentation of retinal fluid on optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) is the main AI technique in generative AI in retinal imaging. Novel images generated by GAN can be applied for training AI models in imbalanced or inadequate datasets. Foundation models are also recent advances in retinal imaging. They are pretrained with huge datasets, such as millions of CFP and OCT images and fine-tuned for downstream tasks with much smaller datasets. A foundation model, RETFound, which was self-supervised and found to discriminate many eye and systemic diseases better than supervised models. Large language models are foundation models that may be applied for text-related tasks, like reports of retinal angiography. Whereas AI technology moves forward fast, real-world use of AI models moves slowly, making the gap between development and deployment even wider. Strong evidence showing AI models can prevent visual loss may be required to close this gap.
Smartphone-Based Accounting Information System Application: An Innovation Technology Solution For Startup
Authors: Lailatul Nafiisa Birra , Djajanto Ludfi , Djajanto Ludfi 
Published: November 2024

This study aims to create an Accounting Information System (AIS) application that can be accessed using a smartphone. The object of the study is PT Orangiro Makmur Jaya (OMAJA POWER). This company is one of the startups that focuses on electrical. This type of research is Research & Development (R&D) with the Analysis, Design, Development (ADDIE) model. The results of this study are the testing of the feasibility of the application by material experts resulting in an average value of the feasibility percentage of 98% which means that the application is very feasible to implement. Next are the results of the testing of the feasibility of the application by media experts with an average value of the feasibility percentage of 100% which means that the application is very feasible to implement. Then the percentage of user satisfaction based on the Performance indicator reached 4.90%, and on the Information and data indicator 4.92%. Meanwhile, the Economic indicator obtained a percentage of 4.95%. Then on the Control and security indicator, the level of satisfaction shows a percentage of 4.94%. Next is the Efficiency indicator showing a percentage of 4.93%. The Service indicator shows a percentage of 4.92%. So, based on this percentage, it can be concluded that the existence of an AIS using the PIECES Framework is very satisfying for users.
DESAFIOS E PERSPECTIVAS NA PADRONIZAÇÃO DA NOMENCLATURA ANATÔMICA: UMA ABORDAGEM NA HARMONIZAÇÃO OROFACIAL
Authors: Menezes Wienskoski Cristiane , Cristina Freire Bomfim Bartolozzi Renata , Maria Dick Brenda , Brunoro Depra Bruna , Ferreira de Souza Peixoto Ariane , Leme Lente Larissa , Dias Bella Renata , C. Cortelli Sheila , De Lima Romeiro Rogério 
Published: November 2024

O presente estudo aborda a grande importância da nomenclatura na anatomia, destacando sua relevância para uma comunicação eficaz na área de saúde. São discutidos os desafios persistentes, como a relação à presença de sinônimos desnecessários e termos desatualizados em periódicos de renome. O foco é análise das dificuldades na aplicação da terminologia anatômica com ênfase especial na harmonização orofacial. O propósito central é sensibilizar os profissionais sobre a imperativa necessidade de adotar uma terminologia atualizada. Esta pesquisa, devidamente indexada no Medline e BVS utilizou dados de fontes conceituadas, do Google Acadêmico e do PubMed, sem restrição quanto à língua. A busca abrangeu artigos publicados de até 15 anos atras. A conclusão enfatiza a urgência de padronização na terminologia anatômica como meio de aprimorar a comunicação e o ensino no campo da saúde visando práticas mais coerentes e compreensíveis. Com essa pesquisa de revisão de literatura foi produzida uma tabela resumida de alguns termos como uma forma visual e prática para os profissionais seguirem.
A Methodology for Generating Subquestions for the Force Concept Inventory (and Other Research-Based Assessments)
Authors: Hull Michael M. , Yasuda Jun-ichiro , Mae Naohiro 
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we discuss the methodology we have developed and have been using for creating subquestions for the Force Concept Inventory (FCI). The FCI is a research-based assessment that is used internationally to assess student understanding of Newtonian mechanics. The assessment has been investigated from a number of perspectives and many suggestions have been made for its improvement. One challenge that is becoming more and more pervasive as more learning has transitioned to an online environment and more students are completing the FCI without a proctor is that of test security. If the answers to FCI items become easily accessible, then students will be able to provide correct answers despite lacking in understanding of Newtonian mechanics. One approach to mitigate the effects of items leaking into the public sphere and maintaining test security is the creation and administration of subquestions in place of the original FCI questions. Subquestions have an additional benefit of reducing false positives (answering a survey item correctly without correct understanding) and false negatives (answering incorrectly despite correct understanding). In this paper, we will discuss how we created subquestions for four items on the FCI, informed by survey-based interviews with students and the original intended targets of the items.
Robot Manipulator Programming Via Demonstrative-Kinesthetic Teaching for Efficient Industrial Material Handling Applications
Authors: Mabong Griffin Pilot , Osore Emmanuel A. E. , Cherop Peter T. 
Published: November 2024

The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) is on course for onboarding by the various manufacturing industries. The fluctuating nature of consumer needs has made it necessary to renovate existing industry approaches to industrial activities. This is an attempt to hold a competitive edge over conventional manufacturing activities. The development of cyber-physical systems (CPS), technological advancements, and the integration of computers in manufacturing processes have seen the introduction of robotized systems to aid in the processes. This has led to the start of smart factories, hence smart manufacturing. Today, robots are deployed in social places for entertainment, hospitals for telemedicine, industries for various activities, and fields of exploration. The robot programming techniques have significantly advanced from traditional text-based language programming (TLP) and offline programming (OLP) to various paradigms of programming by demonstration (PbD), such as tele-kinesthetic teaching (TKT) and demonstrative-kinesthetic teaching (DKT). This paper aimed to program a robotic manipulator using DKT and contrasted it against programming using structured text for industrial material handling applications. The study was validated via palletizing and contour path welding experiments. The materials for the experiments were a robotic manipulator (Dobot Magician), a laptop, USB cables, and stopwatches. A control platform for the arm was created using Microsoft Visual Studio code. The platform allowed arm manipulation, demonstratively using the hand-held trigger button on the forearm to capture motions. The palletizing and contour path weld experiments used the DKT and structured texts as programming modes. The results showed a shorter DKT reaction time than structured texts when conducting the palletizing experiment. The palletizing experimental time was lesser than when performed over the structured texts. The contour path welding indicated an equal reaction time for both programming modes but comparable experimental times. The efficiency of the DKT was taken on account of comparison of the reaction and experimental time to the structured texts, which served as the control experiment. The conclusion was that DKT was more efficient as a manipulator programming method than structured texts. Future works aimed at actual contour path welding and improvement of the control platform to a more user-friendly interface.
INTERVENÇÃO DA FISIOTERAPIA EM LESÃO DO LIGAMENTO COLATERAL LATERAL (LCL) EM JOGADORES DE FUTEBOL: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
Authors: Senna Gabriel Omena , Malta Leonardo 
Published: November 2024

A intervenção da fisioterapia em lesões do ligamento colateral lateral (LCL) em jogadores de futebol é fundamental para a recuperação e o retorno seguro às atividades esportivas O objetivo deste estudo é explicar como a fisioterapia pode contribuir para a reabilitação em lesão do Ligamento Colateral Lateral (LCL) de joelho em jogadores de Futebol, além de identificar os exercícios mais abordados para esta lesão e os critérios adotados para o retorno seguro ao esporte. O presente estudo refere-se a uma revisão integrativa, explorados nas seguintes bases de dados: PubMed, Scielo e PEDro, com a inclusão de artigos publicados entre 2014 e 2024, em portugues e inglês que discutem sobre a reabilitação de LCL. Estudos de caso, e estudos observacionais foram excluídos. Em geral, o modelo de tratamento apresentado, proporcionou evoluções de forma significativa, onde obtiveram o controle da analgesia, restauração da estabilidade articular, o ganho de força muscular, controle neuromotor, equilíbrio e sensório-motor, assim favorecendo um retorno mais rápido e seguro ao esporte. Atualmente, há uma escassez de estudos na literatura científica sobre a atuação da fisioterapia no tratamento de lesões do LCL. Esse conhecimento é extremamente relevante para estudantes e profissionais da área.
RASTREAMENTO DOS RISCOS EM PORTADORES DE DIABETES MELLITUS: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Vieira Maria Luiza de Andrade , Luz Daniela de Araújo , Silva Macerlane de Lira , Souza Anne Caroline de , Casimiro Maria Raquel Antunes 
Published: November 2024

Introdução: O Diabetes Mellitus (DM) é uma síndrome de etiologia múltipla, decorrente da falta de insulina e/ou da incapacidade da insulina exercer adequadamente seus efeitos. Caracteriza-se por hiperglicemia com distúrbios do metabolismo dos carboidratos, lipídeos e proteínas. É uma doença que está intimamente relacionada a complicações crônicas (cardiovasculares, neurológicas, renais, oftalmológicas e o pé diabético) ocorrem principalmente nos casos não controlados e de longa duração, com alto potencial de mortalidade. Objetivo: Realizar o rastreamento na literatura dos riscos que acometem os portadores de Diabetes Mellitus. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura o qual foi realizado uma pesquisa aplicada com caráter exploratório e descritivo. Diante disso, formula-se a seguinte pergunta: Quais são os métodos para o rastreamento de riscos em portadores de Diabetes Mellitus? Dessa forma, foi possível utilizar ferramentas disponíveis em cada banco de dados a serem selecionadas com base a partir dos filtros de idioma, disponibilidade tipo de estudo e tempo. Para realizar a pesquisa bibliográfica, foram utilizadas as seguintes bases de dados: Scientific Electronic Library on Live (SciELO) e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS). Para a busca dos artigos, utilizou-se o operador booleano “AND” e os seguintes descritores: “diabetes”, “enfermagem”, “rastreamento”, que foram verificados pelo Descritores em Ciência da Saúde (DeCS). Os critérios de exclusão abrangeram monografias, teses e dissertações. Após a identificação e busca dos artigos relevantes, os resumos foram analisados e revisados, e os dados foram organizados em tabelas e quadros para discussão posterior. Resultados e discussão: Mulheres, especialmente na menopausa e pós-menopausa, apresentam maior risco de doenças cardiovasculares, agravado por fatores como sobrepeso e uso de anticoncepcionais orais. O tabagismo, o consumo de gorduras saturadas e o álcool também prejudicam as complicações cardiovasculares e hepáticas. O papel dos enfermeiros é crucial na promoção de hábitos saudáveis ​​e na prevenção de doenças, com iniciativas como o Programa HIPERDIA e a Linha de Cuidado para Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM2). A educação contínua e o incentivo ao autocuidado são fundamentais para controlar doenças crônicas. Conclusão: O estudo ressalta que fatores como excesso de peso, tabagismo e álcool aumentam o risco de doenças crônicas, e que a prevenção e a educação em saúde pela enfermagem são fundamentais para reduzir esses riscos.
Cross-scale causal information flow from the El Niño–Southern Oscillation to precipitation in eastern China
Authors: Latif Yasir , Fan Kaiyu , Wang Geli , Paluš Milan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract. The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a dominant mode of climate variability influencing temperature and precipitation in distant parts of the world. Traditionally, the ENSO influence is assessed considering its amplitude. Focusing on its quasi-oscillatory dynamics comprising multiple timescales, we analyze the causal influence of phases of ENSO oscillatory components on scales of precipitation variability in eastern China, using information-theoretic generalization of Granger causality. We uncover the causal influence of the ENSO quasi-biennial component on the precipitation variability on and around the annual scale, while the amplitude of the precipitation quasi-biennial component is influenced by the low-frequency ENSO components with periods of around 6 years. This cross-scale causal information flow is important mainly in the Yellow River basin (YWRB), while in the Yangtze River basin (YZRB) the causal effect of the ENSO amplitude is dominant. The presented results suggest that, in different regions, different aspects of ENSO dynamics should be employed for prediction of precipitation.
TANTANGAN DAN PENERAPAN LITERASI DIGITAL DALAM PENDIDIKAN TRANSFORMATIF MANUSIA DI ERA POST-TRUTH
Authors: Dahur Arnoldus Janssen , Solosumantro Heribertus 
Published: November 2024

Kehadiran manusia era digital telah menciptakan satu langkah baru dalam keberlangsungan panggilan eksistensial manusia yang selalu berjalan dan mengalami perubahan. Media sosial sebagai media artifisial manusia digital menanggapi hal itu dengan memberikan kontribusi secara penuh lewat sarana informasi dan komunikasi yang tersedia. Hal itu berseberangan dengan lemahnya penerapan literasi digital dalam pendidikan manusia. Penempatan manusia dalam dunia digital itu sendiri tidak serta-merta menerapkan cara berpikir dan tinjauan praktis pada masyarakat pra era digital. Manusia terjebak dalam cara berpikir teknis dan bukan kritis dan konstruktif. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif. Sebab itu, penelitian ini bertujuan membahas tantangan literasi digital dalam kehidupan era digitalisasi dan kajian tentang penerapan literasi digital dalam pendidikan manusia era digital. Hasil penulisan menunjukkan bahwa terdapat empat pilar literasi digital yang penting untuk mengenalkan dan memberikan pemahaman mengenai perangkat teknologi informasi dan komunikasi, yang mencakup digital skills, digital culture, digital ethics, dan digital safety.
First demographic assessment of the recently discovered subpopulation of the narrow endemic Femeniasia balearica from the Balearic Islands (Western Mediterranean)
Authors: Rodríguez Miquel , Cursach Joana 
Published: November 2024

Demographic data on threatened species is crucial to understand their conservation status and make management decisions when necessary, which is especially relevant for narrow endemic species with isolated populations. This is the case of Femeniasia balearica (J.J. Rodr.) Susanna, a narrow endemic cushion-like shrub that grows in coastal areas of northern Menorca (Balearic Islands, western Mediterranean Basin) and catalogued as Vulnerable according to the IUCN categories. Recently, a new population has been located in the center of the Serra de Tramuntana of Mallorca (Balearic Islands). In this study, the demographic status of the population from Mallorca has been studied, geolocating all of the individuals with a differential GPS to obtain a detailed map. Data on stage of development (seedling, vegetative or reproductive), morphometry and the overall status of all the individuals have been compiled. A total of 116 individuals and 96 seedlings have been counted. The fact that most of the individuals are reproductive (86.70%) and the confirmation of the presence of seedlings suggest that the population may be maintained in the future. This study provides valuable data on the demographic status of the new population of the species, but long-term monitoring is necessary for analyzing demographic trends.
A new prickly juniper edaphoxerophytic relict community (Juniperus badia, Cupressaceae) from the Tiétar valley (Gredos range, Iberian Central System, Ávila, Spain)
Authors: López-Sáez José Antonio , Sánchez-Mata Daniel 
Published: November 2024

A new community is proposed for the checklist of Iberian Peninsula vegetation: Erico arboreae-Juniperetum badiae. This forest vegetation type is described from rocky landscapes of the southern slopes of the Gredos range (Tiétar valley, Ávila) having an edaphoxerophilous and relict character.