bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relation Between Platelet Volumes and Platelet Kinetics in Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura(ITP)
Authors: Tsukada T. 
Published: May 2019

Platelet volume distribution and appearance rate of megathrombocytes were measured with Coulter counter Model-B in 24 patients with ITP during platelet kinetic studies. Normal range of platelet volumes in EDTA-blood is as follows: mode; 6.8 ±0.8 μm3 (mean ± 1 SD), median; 7.6 ±0.8 μm3 and mean volume; 9.4 ±1.1 μm3. In 15 patients platelets were increased in mean volumes, 8 patients showed normal size and one patient decreased in mean volumes. Increase of megathrombocytes (larger than 14 μm3) was noted in 14 cases. Remaining 10 cases showed normal appearance rate of megathrombocytes (15 ±4.7%). In 5 patients, highest peak was deviated to the smaller elements although the mean volumes were remained in normal range or increased. These findings suggest that at least two population of platelets are present simultaneously in these cases. No close correlation was noted between platelet volumes and platelet counts, mean platelet survival time or platelet turnover. The appearance rate of megathrombocytes also had no correlation with the results of platelet kinetics. Three out of 11 cases whose platelet counts increased to the normal after splenectomy- showed still larger platelet volumes than the normal.It could be concluded that young platelet could be of variable size in ITP and that it might be impossible to suspect the amounts of effective platelet production from the platelet volumes or the appearance rate of megathrombocyte s.
Detection of Hemophilia a Carriers by Repeated Factor VIII Activity/Antigen Determinations
Authors: Seligsohn U. , Zivelin A. , Peretz H. , Modan M. 
Published: May 2019

Detection of hemophilia A carriers (C), using factor VIII (fVIII) activity (Ac) and antigenicity (Ag) measurements, has been hampered by an overlap of results obtained in normal females (NF) and obligatory carriers (OC). In an attempt to improve the specificity and sensitivity of C detection, 29 OC and 33 NF were examined 3 times. FVIII Ac and fVIII Ag were determined in fresh plasma samples, employing a one stage method and the Laurell technic with rabbit anti fVIII antiserum, respectively. Using the mean of the 3 pairs of measurements, a discriminant function, based on Bayes’ theorem, was obtained for calculating the probability that a woman is a C. Three ranges of measurements were defined: Definite C, possible C and definite NF. The results were as follows:If only the first pair of measurements was used, the results were much less satisfactory:Thus, for each suspected C, the relative odds of being a C can be assigned by using this function, but the results should be based on the mean of 3 measurements.
Thromboregulation by Platelet Phospholipid Fatty Acids: Effect of Dietary Linoleate
Authors: Hornstra G. 
Published: May 2019

It is thought that fatty acids, released from certain platelet phospholipids regulate the platelet release reaction and, thereby, thrombus formation. Arachidonic acid (AA) has been shown to be of major importance in this respect, since it is converted by the cyclo-oxygenase (CO-) system to release-inducing substances. However, the AA-CO interaction is inhibited competitively by other poly-unsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid (LA). This implies that the ultimate thrombotic response will depend on the ratio between AA and competing fatty acids, released upon platelet activation and, consequently, on the fatty acid composition of certain platelet phospholipids.In rats, the ratio between AA and LA from platelet phosphotidylcholine is found to be negatively related to the dietary LA content. Since phosphotidylcholine has been shown to be the main source of AA, this finding may explain the well-established anti-thrombotic effect of dietary linoleate.
Changes Brought about in Blood Coagulation in the Newborn by Adminstration of Vitamin K2
Authors: Suzuki S. , Ichinoe K. 
Published: May 2019

Deficiency of the blood coagulation factor, especially of vitamin K-dependent factors, is a major disturbance of extrauterine life in the neonatal period. It is well known that vitamin K1 is converted to vitamin K2 in the human body. In order to compare the effectiveness of vitamin K1 and that of vitamin K2 in the newborn period, changes in coagulability were studied not only at the end of the day after birth but also along the time course. Six hrs after birth, 2 mg of vitamin K1 or vitamin K2 was injected intramuscularly into the thigh of the newborn, and the effects were observed by thrombotest and normotest 3, 15, and 24 hrs after injection. In this experiment, the infants treated with vitamin K2 showed higher values in the thrombotest than those treated with vitamin K1 after 3 and 15 hrs. After 24hrs however, there was no longer any significant difference between the K1 and K2 groups.As a clinical application of vitamin K2, gastrointestinal bleeding was studied polarographically with the emulsion of meconium or stool. Since the origin of vitamin K2 is the gastrointestinal bacterial flora, changes in the occult blood were studied in one group given 2 mg of vitamin K2 and mixed milk (18 cases), a second group given 2 mg of vitamin K1 and mixed milk (21 cases), and a control group (24 cases). Haemoglobin percentage of newbornfaces are greatly diminished by a oral adminstration of vitamin K2. Both results may indicate rapid action of vitamin K2.
Purification and Metabolism of Rat Antithrombin III
Authors: Okuda S. , Nakagawa M. , Okada T. , Sawada K. , Ijichi H. 
Published: May 2019

The previously reported heparin sepharose affinity column has been proved to be reduced in its recovery on the repeated uses because of loose binding of ligand to sepharose. We tried to obtain the better recovery of antithrombin III (AT-III) using four different affinity columns of CNBr activated sepharose 4B, AH-sepharose 4B, CH-sepharose 4B, and Epoxy activated sepharose 6B. 3H-labeled heparin was used to check its binding capacity to sepharose gels. Binding of heparin to gel surface was found to be tight in AH-sepharose 4B, CH-sepharose 4B, and Epoxy activated sepharose 6B because of the difference of the binding sites of heparin free radicals but their recovery and purity of AT-III were poor.According to this experimental results, CNBr activated sepharose 4B was used for the purification of rat tissue AT-III and the metabolism of AT-III was investigated from the stand point of 14C-glycine. incorporation into AT-III fractions. 14C radioactivity in the tissue AT-III fractions were observed immediately after injection and reached to the maximum at 6 hours and appeared to be released into circulating pool in 2 hours after injection.
The Influence of Anticoagulant Treatment on Blood Coagulation System Findings in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Fletcher A. , Alkjaersig N. , Ghani M. , Tulevski V. 
Published: May 2019

Two hundred and twenty patients admitted to an acute coronary care unit were studied by serial plasma fibrinogen chromatography; 110 of these patients had documented acute myocardial infarction. Statistically significant increases in high molecular weight fibrin(ogen) complexes (HMWFC) were noted within 24 hours of disease onset and a further increase (p < 0.001) occurred within 48 hours in 43 patients who did not receive anticoagulant therapy. Plasma HMWFC usually returned to near normal values 12-20 days after disease onset.Sixty-seven additional patients received conventionally administered anticoagulant therapy, 10 initial heparin only, 33 heparin plus warfarin and 24 warfarin alone. plasma fibrinogen chromatographic findings in the anticoagulant treated patients did not differ significantly (p > 0.1) from those of the control untreated group over the first five days of illness. Minor differences were evident in the comparison of the 5-10 day findings in those receiving long-term warfarin therapy.Our findings demonstrate that patients with acute myocardial infarction develop a coagulopathy secondary to increased fibrin deposistion, presumably occurring at the infarct site. Since conventional anticoagulant therapy fails to control this phenomenon, the influence of fibrin deposition at the infarct site on disease outcome remains uncertain.
Factor VIII Inhibitors: Therapeutic Response to Prothrombin Complex Concentrates
Authors: Permer J. , Kelly P. 
Published: May 2019

Prothrombin complex concentrates, two commercial (Prople.c, Konyne), and two “activated” products (spontaneous - Auto IX, and controlled - CAP) were employed in the management of bleeding episodes in hemophilic and non-hemophilic patients with Factor VIII inhibitors. Auto IX’s response rate has been high - approximately 80% - providing a sufficient quantity is administered, while CAP’s, presently under investigation, appears similar. Commercial products have been less effective, as indicated by clinical and laboratory observations. Recent changes in manufacturing procedures have reduced the response rate of these non-activated concentrates.The duration of effect achieved with these products appears short, perhaps 4 to 6 hours at most, and repeated administration at 6 or 8 hour intervals is recommended until bleeding is controlled. Doses capable of reducing partial thromboplastin time values to less than twice normal (less than 60 seconds)should be employed. A Factor VIII correction unit based on the product’s capacity to correct Factor VIII deficient plasma has been useful in predicting a clinical response, and provides values similar to that obtained by mixing the products with inhibitor plasma. Thrombogenic-ity has not proved to be a problem even when the concentrates have been employed in large amounts.
Fluctuations in Factor VIII Procoagulant, Antigen and Von Willebrand Factor in Normal Individuals
Authors: Yang H.C. , Vaudreuil C. 
Published: May 2019

Fluctuations in the relationship among factor VIII procoagulant (VIIIC), factor VIII antigen (VIIIAG) and von Willebrand factor (vWf, ristocetin cofactor) were studied in two normal females (A&B) and one normal male (C). Biweekly fasting morning plasma samples were obtained over a three week period and assayed on 2 different days. The mean VIIIC/VIIIAG, VIIIC/vWf and VIIIAG/vWf ratios were not significantly different from each other (p>.05) in each of the subjects. However, there were marked day-to-day changes in the three ratios as indicated by the ranges.The results demonstrate that although the ratios among factor VIII procoagulant, factor VIII antigen and von Willebrand factor are relatively fixed, there are significant day-to-day fluctuations.
The Parasinusoidal Location of Megakaryocytes in Marrow: A Determinant of Platelet Release and a Physiologic Version of Vascular Invasion and Metastasis
Authors: Lichtman M.A. , Chamberlain J.K. 
Published: May 2019

Megakaryocytopoiesis occurs in the hematopoietic (extravascular) compartment of marrow. Thus, platelets must traverse the wall of the vascular sinuses of marrow to enter the circulation. We have examined mouse and rat marrow, fixed by rapid immersion so as to maintain anatomical relationships as close to the natural state as possible. Quantitative transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of random transections of femurs established that megakaryocytes reside less than lym from a marrow sinus wall with a probability unlikely to be the result of chance (P<.001). An intimate relationship exists between the megakaryocyte periphery and the abluminal surface of the endothelial lining cell. At the time of platelet release megakaryocyte cytoplasm invaginates (invades) and penetrates the endothelial lining cell. The penetrating cytoplasm is detached and enters the marrow circulation. From their dimensions in comparison to circulating platelets, the released cytoplasm represents a packet of platelets that undergoes further fragmentation in the circulation. The parasinusoidal location of megakaryocytes and the process of sinus wall penetration and platelet delivery was observed both by TEM and scanning electron microscopy.These studies provide quantitative support for a specific anatomical arrangement of megakaryocytes in marrow. Moreover, the process of platelet release appears to be a physiological form of metastasis with invasion of vascular walls and vascular spread of cells, that are in this case amitotic.
Effects of Sodium Nitroprusside on Platelet Adhesion, Subsequent Aggregation and Vasoconstriction
Authors: Baumgartner H.R. 
Published: May 2019

Sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a potent vasodilator, has shown beneficial effects in acute myocardial infarction. Since platelets may play an important role in the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction, the effect of SNP on their interaction with rabbit aorta subendothelium was investigated in vivo and under controlled blood flow conditions ex vivo and in vitro.One iliac artery and the abdominal aorta were denuded of endothelium by balloon catheter injury during infusion of glucose, SNP at 6 or 12 μg/kg/min in groups of 12, 6 and 7 rabbits respectively. The aorta and their branches were perfuse-fixed under controlled pressure 10 min after denudation. Morphometric evaluation showed dose-dependent and significant (2p < 0.01 or 0.001) inhibition of platelet spreading, adhesion and aggregation. The latter was abolished at the higher dose of SNP. Denudation and subsequent platelet adhesion caused strong vasoconstriction (2p < 0.001) which was inhibited by SNP (2p < 0.01).By exposure of subendothelium to either citrated blood or native blood in a flow chamber (2000 sec-1 shear rate) strong inhibition of spreading and adhesion-induced aggregation was again demonstrated at 6 and 12 μg/kg/min SNP. In vitro, adhesion-induced aggregation was completely abolished after the addition of SNP to rabbit (at 20 μg/ml) or human blood (2 μg/ml). 1 μg/ml PGE1 was needed to induce a similar inhibitory effect.Thus SNP is a strong inhibitor of platelet function and of injury + platelet induced vasoconstriction. These findings may explain its beneficial effect in acute myocardial infarction.
Association of Factor VIII Procoagulant Activity with Factor VIII Related Antigen
Authors: Armitage H. M.B.B.S. 
Published: May 2019

Using the technique of coagulation in an agarose gel Following rapid two dimensional Immunoelectrophoresis, the relationship of factor VIII procoagulant activity (VIIIC) with factor VIII related antigen (VIIIRA) was studied in plasma from patients withvon Willebrand’s disease and carriers of haemophilia. In each case, VIIIC was closely associated with both the fast and slow moving forms of factor VIIIRA as demonstrated by the formation of fibrin in the clotting gel in a similar position to the precipitin arc in the antibody containing gel.Mixtures of snail molecular weight VIIIC with no detectable antigen and factor VIIIRA devoid of clotting activity, from either (a) haemophilic plasma, (b) Dithiothreitol treated haemophilic plasma,(c) normal serum nr (d) von Willebrand serum were also studied using this technique. The samples of VIIIC and antigen were either electrophoresed in tandem or nixed in a test tube immediately prior to electrophoresis and an aliquot placed in a single well. Again fibrin formation occurred in the clotting gel in a similar position to the immune precipate. There was no peak of fibrin formation when the VIIIC was electrophoresed alone. All types of factor VIIIRA tested appeared to have an affinity for factor VIIIC and appeared to be capable of acting as a carrier protein.
Adsorption of Human Fibrinogen and Albumin on Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), Collagen and Elastin
Authors: Muggli R. 
Published: May 2019

PMMA-slides were partially coated with a mixture of soluble and fibrillar collagen with Solubilized elastin. The slides were exposed for 2 min at 37°C under laminar flow 125I-fibrinogen or 131I-albumin in 0.9% NaCl at concentrations of 0.133 mg/ml and 2mg/ml respectively, and rinsed with 0.9% NaCl. From each slide two disks were punched out - on from the uncoated surface, the other from the portion coated with collagen or elastin - and the associated radioactivity measured. Compared to PMMA, adsorption of both plasma proteins was strongly reduced (2p <0.001) on collagen and elastin (Table, x±SD, n=10). Low adsorption was more marked for fibrinogen and on the elastin coated surface. Surface peeling could not account for the observed differences, since surface concentrations of fibrinogen did not differ significantly between surfaces exposed for 2 min, 4 min or 2 min followed by a 2 min rinse with 0.9% NaCl.Conclusion. Results from studies on plasma protein adsorption on synthetic polymers are not necessarily transferable to natural. substrates and, consequently, to the in vivo situation.
The Effect of Acetylsalicylic Acid on the Proliferation of Cultivated Aortic Wall Cells
Authors: Mey J. , Schulte H. , Hauss H. 
Published: May 2019

In former studies we showed that risk factors induce an acceleration of the proliferation of the arterial wall cells. Furthermore we examined the influence of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) upon the proliferation of arterial wall cells of normal animals and of animals which had been damaged by risk factors. We received the following results:1. ASA given to the cell culture inhibits the proliferation of aortic smooth muscle cells (ASMC), endothelial cells and adventitial cells of minipigs,2. ASA given to the culture of ASMC of rats whi ch had been damaged by arterial hypertension, by staphylolysine or by atherogenic diet reduces their increased proliferation rate nearLy to normaL.3. ASA-treatment of rats which had been damaged by injection of staphylolysine reduces the increased proliferation rate of ASMC of these rats nearly to normal.4. It is remarkab le that the induced activation (by risk factors) and the induced inhi - bition (by ASA) of the cell growth persisted in the subcultures.This behaviour is explained by the assumption that the arterial wall has different cell clones, characterized by different proliferation rates: the faster proliferating clones’ are activated by risk factors and the slowlier proliferating clones by ASA. These resuLts are relevant in prevention and therapy of arteriosclerosis.
Histology of Rat Arterial Thrombosis
Authors: Wester J. , Mensvoort van F.W.J. , Meuleman D.G. , Delft van A.M.L. 
Published: May 2019

In our arterial thrombosis model in male Wlstar rats repeated intimal injury was induced by indwelling cannulas in the aortas during periods ranging from 1 to 28 days. At the end of the cannulation periods the aortas have been processed for light microscopical observation on paraffin sections.The cannulas caused severe intimal damage to the vessels with loss of the majority of the endothelial cella. Some medial damage was also observed, Several large thrombi, composed of platelet aggregates and polymerized fibrin, developed on the intima and around the cannula. In these thrombi cellular proliferation and connective tissue synthesis occurred and the thrombi became gradually organized. On the surface of the organized thrombi fresh platelet+fibrin thrombi were always present.In conclusion in rat aortas with an indwelling cannula platelet aggregation and fibrin formation are apparently continuously going on , which is in agreement with studies on blood platelet kinetics in the same model (D.G. Meuleman, Thromb. Dfkthes. Haemorrh. 34 (1975) 586). Furthermore, the cell proliferation processes induced during organization of the thrombi may be of relevance for the pathology of atherothrombotic processes.
Recurrent Ventral Curvature with Long-Term Follow-up after Transverse Preputial Island Urethroplasty
Authors: Wang Chaoxu , Song Hongcheng , Zhang Weiping 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjective This study was aimed to assess the long-term outcomes of recurrent ventral curvature (VC) repaired in early childhood after transverse preputial island flap urethroplasty.Materials and Methods A total of 378 patients underwent transverse preputial island flap urethroplasty between January 2000 and January 2005 at our hospital. Of these patients, 43 were invited for assessment of VC after puberty. The age at surgery, types of hypospadias, degrees of recurrent VC, and surgical procedures were analyzed.Results The study included 43 patients with a mean age of 15.9 years (range, 12.3–17.9). The average age at the time of primary surgery was 1.9 years (range, 1.2–3.6). Of 43 patients, recurrent VC was identified in 14 (32.5%). In total, 8 out of 16 patients (50.0%) were successfully treated by urethral plate transection with skin release during the primary surgery, and 6 out of 27 patients (28.6%) underwent additional dorsal plication (DP; p = 0.093). Severe recurrent VC was observed in four, moderate curvature was observed in four, and mild curvature was observed in six cases. Recurrent VC was present more often in patients with complications (34.6 vs. 24.1%, p = 0.331), especially in severe urethral strictures that required open surgical reconstruction (p = 0.039).Conclusion Although the patients in our study represent only a small portion of the overall hypospadias population, it is notable that 32.5% of these patients showed recurrent VC, including 28.6% of patients with transection plus DP. We suggest long-term follow-up of hypospadias at least during adolescence or even into adulthood.
Ponatinib Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Induces a Thromboinflammatory Response
Authors: Hamadi Abdullah , Grigg Andrew P. , Dobie Gasim , Burbury Kate L. , Schwarer Anthony P. , Kwa Faith A. , Jackson Denise E. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBoth nilotinib, a second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) used in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), and ponatinib, a third-generation TKI used in CML and Philadelphia positive acute lymphocytic leukaemia, have been associated with an increase in arterial occlusive events, in contrast to other TKIs such as imatinib and dasatinib. We have previously demonstrated evidence of a pro-thrombotic state associated with nilotinib, using microvascular and arterial thrombosis C57BL/6 mouse models. In this study, we examined ponatinib and determined if a calcium channel blocker could ameliorate the pro-thrombotic and pro-inflammatory phenotypes. In vitro treatment of whole human or murine blood with ponatinib and nilotinib increased platelet activation, adhesion and three-dimensional thrombi over time compared with vehicle control or other TKIs. Treatment of wild-type C57BL/6 mice with ponatinib and nilotinib but not imatinib, dasatinib or vehicle control for 4 hours significantly increased thrombus growth following ex vivo perfusion on collagen and FeCl3-induced vascular injury of mesenteric arterioles and carotid artery in vivo and increased plasma levels of soluble P-selectin, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, interferon-γ and thromboxane B2 (TxB2). Ponatinib-treated CML patients had increased ex vivo thrombus formation and a pro-inflammatory phenotype compared with healthy controls. Pre-treatment of mice with the calcium channel antagonist, diltiazem, prior to ponatinib or nilotinib reversed the pro-thrombotic phenotype and the increase in cytokine levels. These observations suggest that the pro-thrombotic effect of nilotinib and ponatinib is partially related to calcium channel activation and TxA2 generation and this should be explored clinically as a mechanism to prevent vascular events.