bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Judith Shklar,Ordinary Vices
Authors: Sabl Andrew 
Published: September 2019

AbstractJudith Shklar’s Ordinary Vices is often oversimplified, and its radicalism underplayed. Far from simply endorsing “putting cruelty first,” the work doubts that this is politically desirable (or even clearly possible). Its defense of hypocrisy is subtler and more ambivalent than often thought. Its attack on aristocratic, “primary” snobbery merits less attention than its defense of a pluralistic snobbery that allows each of us to find some group that may freely exclude, and look down on, (some) others. Its skepticism regarding accusations of betrayal relies less on direct political analysis than on a moral-psychological analysis of our need to attribute disloyalty to others. Its defense of the “liberalism of fear” stipulates the limits of such a liberalism and the necessity to join it with representative democracy. Finally, Shklar’s benign misanthropy leads her not only to endorse constitutional politics but also, and more fundamentally, to denigrate systematic political theory.
Against Hypocrisy and Dissent
Authors: Walsh Marcus 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Focusing on writings by Samuel Butler (Hudibras), John Dryden (Absalom and Achitophel), and Jonathan Swift (A Tale of a Tub), this chapter examines satire in verse and prose attacking a variety of forms of dissent. Such Anglican satiric writings regularly associated dissenting politics and devotion with hypocrisy in many forms. Dissent is represented as politically manipulative, ethically flexible, and interpretatively deceptive or erroneous, appropriating biblical texts to dissenting agendas. In a period where ironic, or rhetorical, or parabolic writing against religions of any stripe was typically considered suspicious or transgressive, however, the ironic methods used by these Anglican satirists, and most especially by Swift, involved serious difficulties of reception, and of interpretation.
Science and Satire
Authors: Lynall Gregory 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Whilst this chapter explores the variety of ways in which satire interrogated science during the Restoration and eighteenth century, it also challenges the accepted view of an antagonism between these two cultural practices. It demonstrates how satirists often transformed scientific ideas into witty conceits and vehicles of ridicule, and acknowledges that some of the most important satirists on science were themselves involved in scientific pursuits. Moreover, it outlines how irony, satire, and parody were sometimes deployed by natural philosophers themselves, since they recognized the distinctive rhetorical power of these modes within their intellectual and personal disputes. The chapter shows that satire made a significant contribution to the social circulation and validation of natural knowledge in this period, and that the recovery of this history should modify our reading of not only the wider relationship between literature and science, but also the cultural agency of satire.
Corporate Acts of Satire
Authors: Hawley Judith 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Some satirists acted as lone wolves, alienated outsiders, picking off their prey; many preferred to hunt in packs. This chapter will describe and analyse the activity of satirical clubs and groups in the period, attempting to understand the motives and impact of corporate acts of satire from the age of Dryden to that of the Scriblerians. The factious state of politics fostered the emergence of clubs of satirists; some used poetry as a way of conducting politics by other means. Few of these groups had a formal club constitution with rules of membership, and few lasted for long. Moreover, corporate satire took many forms: as well as joint authorship, it includes sociable forms such as the dialogue, variations on the list or litany, assemblies of texts circulated in manuscript, periodicals, and running battles in pamphlet form. Nonetheless, their influence on the forms and culture of satire has proved long-lasting.
Mixing It
Authors: Baines Paul 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This chapter examines the presence of ‘satire’, broadly conceived, in various kinds of miscellany publication between 1680 and 1732. Taking a cue from the ‘mixed’ nature of satire as it was theorized in the Restoration, the chapter looks first at the series of Miscellanies published by Tonson and Dryden from 1684 onwards. While satire was originally foundational to the series, it soon became aesthetically quarantined as one witty showcase amongst many others. The second section looks at the various rival attempts to match this polite formula. The individual author miscellanies issued as Poems on Several Occasions show, next, marked variations in the foregrounding of satire, in collections by women as well as men, over the same period. The final section looks at the agon between Pope and Curll, and the role of the collaborative Pope–Swift Miscellanies in Prose and Verse (1727–32) in controlling the marketing of satiric wit.
Sexing Satire
Authors: Campbell Jill 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This chapter investigates sexuality’s appearance in eighteenth-century satire, both as a frequent topic of satiric attacks and as an analogue for the questionable drives that animate satire itself. Satires of the period target female licentiousness, male debauchery, and same-sex desire as objects of excoriation, and they regularly expose sexual energies as the real source of pretended aesthetic or civic aspiration. Yet they also often suggest that libidinal drives, including sadistic aggression, scopophilia, and fetishism, may underlie supposedly high-minded satiric acts. The chapter draws its primary examples from poems by Alexander Pope, concentrating particularly on his attacks on Lady Mary Wortley Montagu and Lord Hervey, and on their replies, with the second half of the chapter devoted to a reading of Sober Advice from Horace. The chapter also traces a historic shift from the Restoration to the Augustan period in patterns of association between sexual and satiric acts.
The Body of Thersites
Authors: Deutsch Helen 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
‘Satire is a sort of glass, wherein beholders do generally discover everyone’s face but their own.’ The preface to Swift’s ‘The Battle of the Books’ (1704) articulates a uniquely human paradox of universal error and individual delusion that inspires the genre’s violent attempts to reform by replacing self-love with the painful shock of self-recognition. Evoking both Thersites and Achilles, the monster and the hero, the satirist strives to humble human pride by holding up a beastly mirror, undermining both dominant protocols of representation and standard ethical categories. The reader of satire thus is forced to embrace madmen, monsters, and savage others as herself, at once humbled by and freed from the limits of the human. The liberating potential and visceral power of these inhumanely human texts offer joy in rage and freedom of fellowship with the abject other, while providing no escape from one’s own monstrosity.
Satirical Objects
Authors: Silver Sean 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Satire has its objects: the people or practices towards which it is directed. But it also has plenty of objects, in the word’s materialist sense: things which are complexly related to satire’s rhetorical work. This chapter considers the double alignment of the goals of satire with its stuff, its objects with its objects, by looking at its strategies of defining and defending community boundaries. In the first place, satire creates and enforces social distinctions through rhetorical strategies of abjection or objectification. People are compared to dirt, disease, and disorder—thereby marking a primal distinction between social in- and out-groups. But recent work reminds us of a second, powerful force at work in early modern satire; this is the sympathetic response to bodies in pain. Far from merely enforcing systems of difference, satire offers repeated, compensatory opportunities for identification, which is where much of the transformative potential of the genre lies. Examples are drawn from Dryden, Pope, Addison, and especially Swift.
Moralizing Satire
Authors: Fowler James 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In the period 1660–1740, major events in France and Britain (the beginning of Louis XIV’s personal reign, the Restoration, and the Glorious Revolution) stimulated comparisons with Augustus Caesar’s accession to power—a tendency connected with the Querelle des anciens et des modernes, and with cultural rivalry among modern nations. Poets including Boileau, Dryden, and Pope focused on the relationship between Augustus and Horace; they also reflected, often critically, on their own relation to living monarchs. The imitation of ancient poets, especially Horace, also allowed for a complex engagement with contemporary (or near-contemporary) poets, cast as lesser rivals. Meanwhile these poets’ theories of satire, expressed in verse and prose, raised questions straddling ethics and statecraft. For instance, are panegyric and satire ever entirely distinct? And under what conditions, if any, can a court poet render satire a force for the general good, and in that sense moral?
Satire, Morality, and Criticism, 1930–1965
Authors: Bucknell Clare 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This chapter considers the reception of eighteenth-century verse satire in transatlantic criticism of the first half of the twentieth century. Beginning with the revival of interest in Georgian writing and art in literary circles between the wars, it surveys the gradual rehabilitation of eighteenth-century satire from its low Victorian reputation to its major treatment by mid-century New Critics, scholars of rhetoric, and textual editors. In particular, it traces patterns of oscillation in satire’s reception history between moral and formal approaches, suggesting that treatments of satire as a moral art flourished under the special conditions of wartime, but were replaced in subsequent years by less politically charged rhetorical analyses of texts’ internal logic. It concludes by focusing on the sceptical return to moral questions in satire criticism of the 1960s and indicates some problems with reading satire from modern positions of moral relativism.
Graphic Satire
Authors: Molesworth Jesse 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This chapter explores the influence of Scriblerian satire within the practice of visual satire during the eighteenth century, specifically viewed within the graphic works of William Hogarth and James Gillray. What Hogarth took from the Scriblerians, particularly Jonathan Swift and Alexander Pope, is the bathetic logic of satire, which assumes an entropic narrative of decline, marked by the irreversibility of time. Such can be seen not merely in his moral progresses, but in virtually all of his works, even those not typically seen as progressive, like The Four Times of the Day (1738). Gillray, by contrast, adapted the scatology of the Scriblerians into a complex visual grammar—now central to modern political caricature—wherein the lowness and porousness of the body serves as a metaphor for the insubstantiality of words and rhetoric.
Functional Neuroimaging in Empirical Aesthetics and Neuroaesthetics
Authors: Ishizu Tomohiro 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Functional neuroimaging refers to methods used to non-invasively visualize neural activity in the brain in relation to specific experimental variables. Over the past 15 years, functional neuroimaging has begun to provide novel findings on the neurobiology of our aesthetic activities and art appreciation. This chapter provides a review of functional neuroimaging studies, especially using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and magnetoencephalography (MEG), on a range of aesthetic experiences and evaluations and their neural correlates. It describes an overview of a number of core brain structures and networks engaged in aesthetic activities, together with general functions of each of the brain regions. It then discusses recent advancements in neuroaesthetics including an investigation into cross-cultural aspects, abstraction of beauty, a contextual effect on aesthetic evaluations, and new analysis techniques.
Nobeyama 45 m mapping observations toward the nearby molecular clouds Orion A, Aquila Rift, and M17: Project overview
Authors: Nakamura Fumitaka , Ishii Shun , Dobashi Kazuhito , Shimoikura Tomomi , Shimajiri Yoshito , Kawabe Ryohei , Tanabe Yoshihiro , Hirose Asha , Oyamada Shuri , Urasawa Yumiko , Takemura Hideaki , Tsukagoshi Takashi , Momose Munetake , Sugitani Koji , Nishi Ryoichi , Okumura Sachiko , Sanhueza Patricio , Nygen-Luong Quang , Kusune Takayoshi 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We carried out mapping observations toward three nearby molecular clouds, Orion A, Aquila Rift, and M 17, using a new 100 GHz receiver, FOREST, on the Nobeyama 45 m telescope. We describe the details of the data obtained such as intensity calibration, data sensitivity, angular resolution, and velocity resolution. Each target contains at least one high-mass star-forming region. The target molecular lines were 12CO (J = 1–0), 13CO (J = 1–0), C18O (J = 1–0), N2H+ (J = 1–0), and CCS (JN = 87–76), with which we covered the density range of 102 cm−3 to 106 cm−3 with an angular resolution of ∼20″ and a velocity resolution of ∼0.1 km s−1. Assuming the representative distances of 414 pc, 436 pc, and 2.1 kpc, the maps of Orion A, Aquila Rift, and M17 cover most of the densest parts with areas of about 7 pc × 15 pc, 7 pc × 7 pc, and 36 pc × 18 pc, respectively. On the basis of the 13CO column density distribution, the total molecular masses are derived to be $3.86 \times 10^{4}\, M_\odot$, $2.67 \times 10^{4}\, M_{\odot }$, and $8.1\times 10^{5}\, M_{\odot }$ for Orion A, Aquila Rift, and M17, respectively. For all the clouds, the H2 column density exceeds the theoretical threshold for high-mass star formation of ≳ 1 g cm−2 only toward the regions which contain current high-mass star-forming sites. For other areas, further mass accretion or dynamical compression would be necessary for future high-mass star formation. This is consistent with the current star formation activity. Using the 12CO data, we demonstrate that our data have enough capability to identify molecular outflows, and for the Aquila Rift we identify four new outflow candidates. The scientific results will be discussed in detail in separate papers.
Application of a two-dipole model to PSR J1640–4631, a pulsar with an anomalous braking index
Authors: Shi Hui , Hu Hong-Wei , Chen Wen-Cong 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Recent timing observation provides an intriguing result for the braking index of the X-ray pulsar PSR$\:$J1640$-$4631, which has a measured braking index $n=3.15\pm 0.03$. The decrease of the inclination angle between the spin axis and the magnetic axis can be responsible for such a high braking index. However, the physical mechanisms causing the change of the magnetic inclination angle have not been fully understood. In this Letter, we apply a two-dipole model given by Hamil, Stone, and Stone (2016, Phys. Rev. D., 94, 063012) to explain the decrease of the magnetic inclination angle of PSR$\:$J1640$-$4631. The rotation effect of a charged sphere and the magnetization of ferromagnetically ordered material produce magnetic moments $M_{\,1}$ and $M_{\,2}$, respectively. There exists a minimum of the potential energy for the magnetic moment $M_{\,2}$ in the magnetic field of $M_{\,1}$, hence the $M_{\,2}$ will freely rotate around the minimum energy position (i.e., equilibrium position), similar to a simple pendulum. Our calculation indicates that the magnetic moment $M_{\,2}$ would evolve towards alignment with the spin axis for PSR$\:$J1640$-$4631, and cause the magnetic inclination angle to decrease. The single peak in the pulse profile favors a relatively low change rate for the magnetic inclination angle.
Reflections on Project Managing a Home Office Funded Collaborative Multi-Stakeholder Research Project
Authors: Peters Elizabeth R , Stanko Elizabeth A , Merrett Robin 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Combining attention to the dynamics of collaborative relationships with standard project management techniques, this article describes and reflects on the approach taken by the Mayor’s Office for Policing and Crime (MOPAC) in the delivery of a Home Office Police Innovation Fund research project. The research project, with several work streams, focused on the development of the evidence base to inform the design and implementation of the College of Policing’s new Police Education Qualifications Framework graduate entry programme for police officers. The article comments on managing a complex collaboration comprising MOPAC, three academic research teams, Police Now and the College of Policing, and discusses the relationship between the project and the evolving policy environment. In conclusion, the article makes some observations about the value of a tri-partite collaboration between policy, practice, and research and the insights gained through this experience, which may offer guidance in the future management of collaborative projects.
ACTIVITY OF 137CS IN HUMAN BODY OF INHABITANTS OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC
Authors: Malátová Irena , Fojtík Pavel 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The time course of 137Cs activity in general population of the Czech Republic has been systematically followed since the Chernobyl accident in 1986. Either whole body counting or the determination of 137Cs content in 24-hour urine samples were used as a method of determination of body activity. Environmental and effective half-lives were calculated from the data. In the time period from 1986 to 1990 the effective half-life was 1.3 years; since 1990 up to present the half-life is 15 years. The older data on whole body activity of 137Cs from 1965 to 1985 were compiled and are presented as well. Apart from the general population, a group of people who have special dietary habits in terms of increased game meat consumption, namely wild boar meat, has been monitored since 2000. In this group, the body content of 137Cs is about two orders of magnitude higher than in the general population.
SIMULATION OF DOSE DISTRIBUTION IN VICINITY OF CLOUD OF CONTAMINATED AIR LEAKAGE FROM SEVERE NPP ACCIDENT
Authors: Klusoň Jaroslav , Urban Tomáš 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Method of Monte Carlo simulation of gamma radiation fields in the vicinity of the cloud of air contaminated by the radionuclides from emergency leakage from nuclear power plant was designed and tested. Air kerma rates distributions as well as gamma field spectral distributions were calculated for the Gaussian cloud model, different atmospherical conditions and emergency scenarios source terms. Based on this model, the radiation doses in the aerial vehicle (helicopter) and its shielding properties in the radiation fields in cloud vicinity were evaluated with an aim to prepare a method providing data for planning adequate radiation protection of the personnel during airborne monitoring/interventions.
Macroevolutionary Analyses Suggest That Environmental Factors, Not Venom Apparatus, Play Key Role in Terebridae Marine Snail Diversification
Authors: Modica Maria Vittoria , Gorson Juliette , Fedosov Alexander E , Malcolm Gavin , Terryn Yves , Puillandre Nicolas , Holford Mandë 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
How species diversification occurs remains an unanswered question in predatory marine invertebrates, such as sea snails of the family Terebridae. However, the anatomical disparity found throughput the Terebridae provides a unique perspective for investigating diversification patterns in venomous predators. In this study, a new dated molecular phylogeny of the Terebridae is used as a framework for investigating diversification of the family through time, and for testing the putative role of intrinsic and extrinsic traits, such as shell size, larval ecology, bathymetric distribution, and anatomical features of the venom apparatus, as drivers of terebrid species diversification. Macroevolutionary analysis revealed that when diversification rates do not vary across Terebridae clades, the whole family has been increasing its global diversification rate since 25 Ma. We recovered evidence for a concurrent increase in diversification of depth ranges, while shell size appeared to have undergone a fast divergence early in terebrid evolutionary history. Our data also confirm that planktotrophy is the ancestral larval ecology in terebrids, and evolutionary modeling highlighted that shell size is linked to larval ecology of the Terebridae, with species with long-living pelagic larvae tending to be larger and have a broader size range than lecithotrophic species. Although we recovered patterns of size and depth trait diversification through time and across clades, the presence or absence of a venom gland (VG) did not appear to have impacted Terebridae diversification. Terebrids have lost their venom apparatus several times and we confirm that the loss of a VG happened in phylogenetically clustered terminal taxa and that reversal is extremely unlikely. Our findings suggest that environmental factors, and not venom, have had more influence on terebrid evolution.
Adoptive cell therapies for posttransplant infections
Authors: Sutrave Gaurav , Gottlieb David J. 
Published: September 2019

Purpose of review
Viral and fungal infections cause significant morbidity and mortality following hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT), primarily due to the prolonged and complex immunodeficient state that results from conditioning chemo-radiotherapy and subsequent prophylaxis of graft vs. host disease. Although currently available antimicrobial pharmacotherapies have demonstrated short-term efficacy, their toxicities often preclude long-term use, and cessation if frequently associated with recurrent infection. Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) offers the potential to more rapidly reconstitute antimicrobial immune responses in the posttransplant setting.

Recent findings
Traditional approaches to manufacture of adoptive T-cell therapies are time consuming and limited to single pathogen specificity. Recent advances in the understanding of immunogenic epitopes, improved methods for pathogen-specific T-cell isolation and cultureware technologies is allowing for rapid generation of ACTs for clinical use.

Summary
The current review summarizes the potential infectious targets and manufacturing methodologies for ACTs and contrasts their clinical efficacy and safety to currently available pharmacotherapies for patients recovering after HSCT.