bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Markerless tracking suggests a tactile sensing role for forelegs ofDolomedesspiders during locomotion
Authors: Pullar Kiri F. , Paulin Michael G. 
Published: August 2018

Summary statementWe developed a machine vision technique for markerless tracking of locomotion in the spiderDolomedes aquaticus.Gait analysis suggests that each pair of legs plays a specific role in locomotion.AbstractBecause of their rigid exoskeleton with relatively simple joint mechanics, arthropods can provide useful models for studying the sensory-neural and mechanical design principles of agile animal locomotion. Gait analysis usually requires attaching markers or manually identifying reference points in video frames, which can be time consuming and inaccurate, especially with small animals. Here we describe a markerless motion capture technique and its application to gait analysis in the New Zealand semi-aquatic hunting spider,Dolomedes aquaticus. Our machine vision approach uses a model of the spider’s skeleton to infer the location of the centre of mass and the configuration of the skeleton in successive video frames. We found that stride length and frequency are correlated with running speed. Inter-limb coordination during the gait cycle suggests that different legs have specialized roles in locomotion. Phase relationships among the six hindmost legs exhibit an alternating tripod gait, as in hexapod insects. The middle two leg pairs appear to be primarily responsible for generating thrust, while the hind legs contribute more to stability. The front legs are not phase-coupled to the other legs and appear to be used as tactile probes during locomotion. Our machine vision approach has the potential to automate arthropod gait analysis, making it faster and easier. Our results indicate how specialization of limb function may contribute to locomotor efficiency and agility of a specialized hunting spider, and how arthropod design principles may contribute to developing efficient, agile legged robots.
Meta-organization of Translation Centers Revealed by Proximity Mapping of Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosome Interactors
Authors: Hoffman Alyson M. , Nicchitta Christopher V. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a nexus for mRNA localization and translation; the molecular organization of these processes remains however largely undefined. To gain insight into mechanisms supporting a diverse ER translational landscape, we utilized BioID labeling to study the protein neighborhoods of the Sec61 translocon, specifically Sec61β, an established ribosome interactor, and ER proteins (Ribophorin I, LRRC59, and Sec62) previously implicated in ribosome association. Divergent protein interactomes enriched for distinct GO functions were identified for the four reporters, within a cohort of shared interactors. Efficient BioID tagging of ribosomes was only observed for the Sec61β and LRRC59 reporters. RNA-seq analyses of the Sec61β- and LRRC59-labeled ribosomes revealed divergent enrichments in mRNAs and identified a transcriptome-wide role for the ER in proteome expression. These data provide evidence for a mesoscale organization of the ER and suggest that such organization provides a mechanism for the diversity of translation on the ER.
Local Homogeneity of Tonotopic Organization in the Primary Auditory Cortex of Marmosets
Authors: Zeng Huan-huan , Huang Jun-feng , Chen Ming , Wen Yun-qing , Shen Zhi-ming , Poo Mu-ming 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMarmoset has emerged as a useful non-human primate species for studying the brain structure and function. Previous studies on the mouse primary auditory cortex (A1) showed that neurons with preferential frequency tuning responses are mixed within local cortical regions, despite a large-scale tonotopic organization. Here we found that frequency tuning properties of marmoset A1 neurons are highly uniform within local cortical regions. We first defined tonotopic map of A1 using intrinsic optical imaging, and then used in vivo two-photon calcium imaging of large neuronal populations to examine the tonotopic preference at the single-cell level. We found that tuning preferences of layer 2/3 neurons were highly homogeneous over hundreds of micrometers in both horizontal and vertical directions. Thus, marmoset A1 neurons are distributed in a tonotopic manner at both macro- and microscopic levels. Such organization is likely to be important for the organization of auditory circuits in the primate brain.
Production of santalenes and bergamotene in Nicotiana tabacum plants
Authors: Yin Jun-Lin , Wong Woon-Seng 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTerpenes play an important role in plant–insect relationships, and these relationships can potentially be modified by altering the profile of terpenes emitted from plants using metabolic engineering methods. Transgenic plants generated by employing such methods offer the prospect of low-cost sustainable pest management; in this regard, we used chloroplast targeting and cytosolic mevalonic acid pathway enhancement in this study to investigate the interaction of santalenes and bergamotene with insects. The santalene- and bergamotene-emitting transgenic tobacco plants thus generated were utilized to study host preference in the green peach aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer). The results showed that co-expression of either 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR) or truncated HMGR with santalene synthase led to the production of higher amounts of santalenes and bergamotene in transgenic tobacco plants, and that these santalene- and bergamotene-emitting plants were attractive to green peach aphids. We accordingly propose that such transgenic plants may have potential application in pest management as a trap crop to prevent green peach aphid infestation of wild-type tobacco plants.
Updating genome annotation for the microbial cell factoryAspergillus nigerusing gene co-expression networks
Authors: Schäp p , Kwon MJ , Baumann B , Gutschmann B , Jung S , Lenz S , Nitsche B , Paege N , Cairns T , Meyer V 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA significant challenge in our understanding of biological systems is the high number of genes with unknown function in many genomes. The fungal genus Aspergillus contains important pathogens of humans, model organisms, and microbial cell factories.Aspergillus nigeris used to produce organic acids, proteins, and is a promising source of new bioactive secondary metabolites. Out of the 14,165 open reading frames predicted in theA. nigergenome of only 2% have been experimentally verified and over 6,000 are hypothetical. Here we show that gene co-expression network analysis can be used to overcome this limitation. A meta-analysis of 155 transcriptomics experiments generated co-expression networks for 9,579 genes (∼65%) of theA. nigergenome. By populating this dataset with over 1,200 gene functional experiments from the genusAspergillusand performing gene ontology enrichment, we could infer biological processes for 9,263 ofA. nigergenes, including 2,970 hypothetical genes. Experimental validation of selected co-expression sub-networks uncovered four transcription factors involved in secondary metabolite synthesis, which were used to activate production of multiple natural products. This study constitutes a significant step towards systems-level understanding ofA. niger, and the datasets can be used to fuel discoveries of model systems, fungal pathogens, and biotechnology.
Parallel encoding of information into visual short-term memory
Authors: Dalmaijer Edwin S. , Manohar Sanjay G. , Husain Masud 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHumans can temporarily retain information in their highly limited short-term memory. Traditionally, objects are thought to be attentionally selected and committed to short-term memory one-by-one. However, few studies directly test this serial encoding assumption. Here, we demonstrate that information from separate objects can be encoded into short-term memory in parallel. We developed models of serial and parallel encoding that describe probabilities of items being present in short-term memory throughout the encoding process, and tested them in a whole-report design. Empirical data from four experiments in healthy individuals were fitted best by the parallel encoding model, even when items were presented unilaterally (processed within one hemisphere). Our results demonstrate that information from several items can be attentionally selected and consequently encoded into short-term memory simultaneously. This suggests the popular feature integration theory needs to be reformulated to account for parallel encoding, and provides important boundaries for computational models of short-term memory.
Rapid Time-stamped Analysis of Filament Motility
Authors: Ijpma Gijs , Balassy Zsombor , Lauzon Anne-Marie 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe in vitro motility assay is a valuable tool to understand motor protein mechanics, but existing algorithms are not optimized for accurate time resolution. We propose an algorithm that combines trace detection with a time-stamped analysis. By tracking filament ends, we minimize data loss from overlapping and crossing filaments. A movement trace formed by each filament end is created by time-stamping when the filament either first (filament tip) or last (filament tail) occupies a pixel. A frame number vs distance curve is generated from this trace, which is segmented into regions by slope to detect stop-and-go movement. We show, using generated mock motility videos, accurate detection of velocity and motile fraction changes for velocities <0.05 pixels per frame, without manual trace dropping and regardless of filament crossings. Compared with established algorithms we show greatly improved accuracy in velocity and motile fraction estimation, with greatly reduced user effort. We tested two actual motility experiments: 1) Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) added to skeletal myosin in rigor; 2) myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCP) added to phasic smooth muscle myosin. Our algorithm revealed previously undetectable features: 1) rapid increase in motile fraction paralleled by a slow increase in velocity as ATP concentration increases; 2) simultaneous reductions in velocity and motile fraction as MLCP diffuses into the motility chamber at very low velocities. Our algorithm surpasses existing algorithms in the resolution of time dependent changes in motile fraction and velocity at a wide range of filament lengths and velocities, with minimal user input and CPU time.
Drivers and barriers to food waste reduction
Authors: Stangherlin Isadora do Carmo , de Barcellos Marcia Dutra 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyse main drivers and barriers to food waste reduction in the consumption phase and analyse pathways to anti-wastage behaviours.

Design/methodology/approach
A systematic literature review was performed in order to understand the main variables affecting the behaviour and to identify pathways to move to an anti-waste behaviour. In the end, 84 articles were selected for the final analysis.

Findings
Drivers and barriers to reduce food waste were categorised in societal factors, personal factors and behavioural factors. Variables can increase the amount of waste (+) or reduce it (−). From them, efforts to move to an anti-wastage behaviour are classified in macro-environmental change, retailers’ engagement, raise awareness of the issue and creating anti-wastage social norms.

Research limitations/implications
The systematic review did not capture all variables that can influence consumer food waste and it is necessary different approaches to study the issue.

Practical implications
From the drivers for food waste reduction it is possible to design efforts to help consumers change their pattern of behaviour.

Social implications
Reducing food waste has effects in changing economic inequality, relative poverty and environmental damages.

Originality/value
The great majority of studies that analyse consumer food waste focus on behaviours that increase food waste. This special paper identifies how to stimulate and proactively work with behaviours that help to food waste reduction.
Mathematical modeling of electron irradiation of oil
Authors: Kizbayev Assylzhan , Zhakebayev Dauren , Abdibekov Ualikhan , Khikmetov Askar 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to propose a mathematical model and numerical modeling to study the behavior of low conductive incompressible multicomponent hydrocarbon mixture in a channel under the influence of electron irradiation. In addition, it also aims to present additional mechanisms to study the radiation transfer and the separation of the mixture’s components.

Design/methodology/approach
The three-dimensional non-stationary Navier–Stokes equation is the basis for this model. The Adams–Bashforth scheme is used to solve the convective terms of the equation of motion using a fourth-order accuracy five-point elimination method, and the viscous terms are computed with the Crank–Nicolson method. The Poisson equation is solved with the matrix sweep method and the concentration and electron irradiation equations are solved with the Crank–Nicolson method too.

Findings
It shows high computational efficiency and good estimation quality. On the basis of numerical results of mathematical model, the effect of the separation of mixture to fractions with various physical characteristics was obtained. The obtained results contribute to the improvement of technologies for obtaining high-quality oil products through oil separation into light and heavy fractions. Mathematical model is approbated based on test problem, and has good agreement with the experimental data.

Originality/value
The constructed mathematical model makes developing a methodology for conducting experimental studies of this phenomenon possible.
Factors affecting the market development of steel construction
Authors: Chan Albert P.C. , Yang Yang , Gao Ran 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
The steel construction market has undergone gradual development in the past decades given its profound impacts on environment, economy and society. The purpose of this paper is to facilitate a better understanding of the major drivers and issues behind the market development of the steel construction industries around the world.

Design/methodology/approach
A three-step desktop research was conducted to select relevant research outputs published in the past 20 years. The research methodology in conducting these studies and their research trends were analyzed. Then the potential influencing factors for the market development of steel construction were identified through a content analysis of the selected studies.

Findings
A total of 59 articles were identified accordingly. These influencing factors were divided into five main themes: contextual, institutional, industrial, project-related and individual factors. In terms of the frequencies of these factors appeared in previous studies, “continuous development of standards, codes, and specifications” and “advance in product and process technology” were the top two driving forces in the market development of steel construction, while “cost issues” was the most frequently reported obstacle.

Originality/value
The study takes an initiative to establish a practical classification framework that can be dedicated to illuminating the critical issues or success factors affecting the development of the steel construction market. This framework can help policymakers, industry practitioners and researchers achieve sustaining success in steel construction in the developed, emerging and inactive markets.
Authoring social reality with documents
Authors: Huvila Isto 
Published: August 2018

PurposeIn the context of organisation studies, Shotter and colleagues have used the notion of practical authorship of social situations and identities to explain the work of managers and leaders. This notion and contemporary theories of authorship in literary scholarship can be linked to the authoring of documents in the context of document studies to explain the impact and use of documents as instruments of management and communication. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approachThe conceptual discussion is supported by an empirical interview study of the information work ofN=16 archaeologists.FindingsFirst, the making of documents and other artefacts, their use as instruments (e.g. boundary objects (BOs)) of management, and the practical authorship of social situations, collective and individual identities form a continuum of authorship. Second, that because practical authorship seems to bear a closer affinity to the liabilities/responsibilities and privileges of attached to documents rather than to a mere attribution of their makership or ownership, practical authorship literature might benefit of an increased focus on them.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper shows how practical authorship can be used as a framework to link making and use of documents to how they change social reality. Further, it shows how the notion of practical authorship can benefit of being complemented with insights from the literature on documentary and literary authorship, specifically that authorship is not only a question of making but also, even more so, of social attribution of responsibilities and privileges.Originality/valueThis paper shows how the concepts of documentary and practical authorship can be used to complement each other in elaborating our understanding of the making of artefacts (documentary) BOs and the social landscape.
Climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction (DRR) through coastal afforestation in South-Central Coast of Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Shahriar , Islam Md Sayful , Khan Md Nyeem Hasan , Touhiduzzaman Md 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to focus on the local-level initiatives through coastal afforestation, the natural and socio-economic context of the study area (Hatiya Upazila of Noakhali District, Bangladesh) and the adaptation and DRR strategies generated through coastal afforestation in coastal Bangladesh.

Design/methodology/approach
Field observations, focus group discussions (FGDs), semi-structured interviews, and transects were accomplished in both the dry and wet season. Spatial database generated and land use mapping integrated social and technical investigation. Five FDG sessions with participants from different livelihood options (fishermen, farmers and social representatives) were organised and, on average, 15~18 participants participated in each participatory session.

Findings
Mangrove plantation can be used to access new land and create alternative livelihoods, which are important for local community adaptation and to reduce disaster risks. Mangrove plantations provide chances for new land management options to be developed for use in Bangladesh.

Research limitations/implications
This study was conducted only at the south-central coastal district of Bangladesh. Data collection to summarise all the socio-economic issues is limited.

Practical implications
This paper can be used for the integration of geospatial and social research techniques to understand the community approach to fight against climate change-induced impacts.

Originality/value
The research is solely conducted by the authors. The conducted approach is a blend of social and technical knowledge and techniques in generating community resilience at the south-central coast of Bangladesh.
Police management reform, labor productivity, and citizens’ evaluation of police services
Authors: Vuorensyrjä Matti 
Published: August 2018

PurposeThis study tracks changes in labor productivity of the Finnish police force over a period of thorough management reforms (2009-2014). Theoretically, the study is based on the cost disease hypothesis. It was assumed that police management reforms have had no noticeable effect on labor productivity and that, therefore, the fact that both physical police facilities and frontline employees have been reduced during the reform years has been reflected on the output side: on the number of outputs, accessibility, and quality of police services. The paper aims to discuss this issue.Design/methodology/approachThe study was conducted as a series of longitudinal function-specific output-input analyses (2000-2015). The project employed data from the Police Performance Management database, Police Citizen Surveys (PCSs, 1999-2016), and Police Personnel Surveys (1999-2015). Methodologically, it relied on two different compounded annual growth rate concepts, linear regressions and likelihood ratio analyses.FindingsThe rate of growth of labor productivity was unaffected by the management reform period. In fact, productivity may have declined during the reform process. Citizens’ evaluations of police services have slightly deteriorated over the management reform period.Research limitations/implicationsPCS data are based on quota sampling. The procedure contains random sampling elements but is not fully random. The earliest PCS data lack satisfactory population weights, which is why unweighted data had to be used in this study.Originality/valueLongitudinal studies on police productivity and, relatedly, on the cost disease phenomenon are rare. Yet, the themata are potentially very significant for both citizens and policy makers.
Role reflections of police reservists: a study of volunteer reserve officers in Malaysia
Authors: Cheah Phaik Kin , Unnithan N. Prabha , Suppiah Suresh 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the work roles of the Royal Malaysia Police Volunteer Reserve officers.

Design/methodology/approach
A grounded theory approach was utilized for the generation and analysis of the data. Data were collected through interviews, observations and follow-ups. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 male and female volunteer reserve officers and 5 regular police officers aged between 24 and 58 years of mixed socioeconomic backgrounds, ethnicities and ranking in the Royal Malaysia Police force. Two civilian respondents (spouses of the Police Volunteer Reserve officers) were also interviewed for this study for the purpose of theory sampling.

Findings
The data were analyzed qualitatively resulting in a model of Royal Malaysia Police Volunteer Reserve officer roles consisting of four orientations.

Research limitations/implications
Study outcomes are discussed theoretically and administratively. The four role orientations identified will assist researchers studying police reserve volunteerism.

Practical implications
Study outcomes allow administrators to utilize and deploy police reservists in consonance with the four role orientations identified.

Social implications
This study provides insight into how police reservists conceive of and execute their roles as they negotiate them in relation to the regular police officers they work with and the public from which they are drawn.

Originality/value
This is the first study of police volunteerism in Malaysia.