bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A convenient route toward one‐pot multicomponent synthesis of spirochromenes and pyranopyrazoles accelerated via quinolinic acid
Authors: Oudi Maryam , Sanchooli Tazeh Kazem , Hazeri Nourallah , Fatahpour Maryam , Ahmadi Raheleh 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn the present work, the catalytic activity of quinolinic acid (QUIN) was studied for the synthesis of spirochromene and pyranopyrazole derivatives from readily available materials. The salient features of these one‐pot multicomponent protocols are the clean reaction profile, easy isolation of products, no chromatographic separation techniques, high efficiency, short reaction time, and high yield of products plus using QUIN as a new, inexpensive, commercially available, and efficient organocatalyst.
The expression of estrogen receptors during the Mytilus galloprovincialis ovarian cycle
Authors: Agnese Marisa , Rosati Luigi , Prisco Marina , Borzacchiello Luigi , Abagnale Ludovico , Andreuccetti Piero 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to assess, by real‐time polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization, the expression of estrogen receptors ER1 and ER2 during the ovarian cycle of Mytilus galloprovincialis. By considering four phases of the reproductive cycle, that is stasis and previtellogenic stage (Stage 0), early vitellogenesis (Stage I), vitellogenesis (Stage II), full‐grown oocyte (Stage III), our investigation demonstrates that the two receptors are differently expressed during the phases investigated of the ovarian cycle: ER1 reaches the highest level at Stage III, whereas ER2 reaches the highest level at Stage II, with ER2 always present at higher levels than ER1. The stage‐dependent receptor expression was recorded within oocytes, follicle cells, and adipogranular cells. No ER1 and ER2 messenger RNAs (mRNAs) were found within vesicular cells. It is to be noted that the ER1 and ER2 expression within the growing oocytes, the follicular, and adipogranular cells overlaps with that of the mRNA for vitellogenin in the same cells, strongly suggesting that in Mytilus, as in vertebrates studied so far, the vitellogenin expression is under the control of estrogens.
Explant liver evaluation decodes the mystery of cryptogenic cirrhosis!
Authors: Jain Mayank , Venkataraman Jayanthi , Varghese Joy , Vij Mukul , Reddy Mettu S , Rela Mohamed 
Published: May 2019

Background and AimTo determine the concordance of liver explants with the pretransplant diagnosis.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of 251 liver explants. Patient information included demography, comorbidity, and etiological diagnosis. Final diagnosis was based on morphological and histological findings. For non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cryptogenic cirrhosis, we investigated comorbid states such as obesity, hypertension, and diabetes. Chi square test and Cohen's Kappa value were used. A P value of <0.05 was considered significant.ResultsA total of 192 patients (76.5%) were males. A significant concordance of explant diagnosis with pretransplant diagnosis was present in 225 (89.6%) patients. It was 100% for alcohol‐related disease, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, autoimmune (AI) liver disease, biliary cirrhosis, and Budd–Chiari syndrome. Of 37 patients with a pretransplant diagnosis of cryptogenic cirrhosis, major discordance was observed in 23 (62.1%). On explant, seven patients each had hemochromatosis 5 (13.5%), AI hepatitis, and NASH (18.9%); two had noncirrhotic fibrosis (5.4%); and one each had Wilson's disease and congenital hepatic fibrosis (2.7%). Of the 20 explants, 3 with pretransplant diagnosis of NASH had a diagnosis of cryptogenic cirrhosis on explant specimens. Cohen's Kappa for the concordance of pretransplant diagnosis and explant diagnosis in NASH and cryptogenic cirrhosis patients was 0.75 and 0.47, respectively. An incidental hepatocellular carcinoma was picked up in 16 explants, and 18 had granulomas.ConclusionConcordance between pretransplant and explant diagnosis is lower for NASH and cryptogenic cirrhosis. The true prevalence of cryptogenic cirrhosis in our study was 5.6%.
Impact of the winter polar vortex on greater North America
Authors: Overland James E. , Wang Muyin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWinter weather in the subarctic and lower latitudes can be influenced by the repositioning of the polar vortex away from being centred near the North Pole, extending over regional locations of subarctic continents. One example was the “Beast from the East” event in Eurasia in March 2018, which brought snow to much of Europe. We are interested in extended (week to a month) North American weather events, and especially the impacts from a location of the polar vortex centre over and near Greenland. For a tropospheric polar vortex location index, we use low 500 hPa geopotential heights (GPH) over greater Greenland from values of the Greenland Blocking Index (GBI) below negative 1.0 SD (1951–2018 base period). February is a preferred month with 10 low GBI events beginning 1989. Composite 100 and 500 hPa GPH for these 10 cases show hemispheric‐wide features with a trough/ridge/trough pattern extending from eastern Siberia eastward to Greenland and spanning both the stratospheric and tropospheric polar vortex. Associated extreme weather as seen in 2015 and 2018 include cold temperatures on the eastern United States, warm monthly temperatures (>5.0°C anomalies) in California with drought conditions, and record sea ice loss in the winter Bering Sea. Results support the concept that November–December has a regional tropospheric pathway for Arctic/mid‐latitude weather interactions due to delayed autumn sea ice freeze up, whereas January–March has a more hemispheric pathway related to stratospheric polar vortex movement that is delayed into late winter.
Comparative pharmacokinetics and metabolites study of seven major bioactive components of Shaoyao‐Gancao decoction in normal and polycystic ovary syndrome rats by ultra high pressure liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Liu Jun‐jin , Cheng Yao , Shao Yun‐yun , Chang Zhuang‐peng , Guo Yi‐ting , Feng Xiao‐juan , Xu Ding , Zhang Jing‐ping , Song Yan , Hou Rui‐gang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA simple and sensitive liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for simultaneous quantification of paeoniflorin, albiflorin, oxypaeoniflorin, liquiritin, liquiritigenin, glycyrrhetinic acid, and glycyrrhizin in rat plasma after oral administration of Shaoyao‐Gancao decoction, which is traditionally used in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome. The plasma samples were pretreated with methanol as precipitant. The method exhibited good linearity (correlation coefficient (R2) > 0.99) with lower quantification limits of 0.595–4.69 ng/mL for all analytes. Intra‐ and interbatch precision, accuracy, recovery, and stability of the method were all within accepted criteria. The results showed that the pharmacokinetic behaviors of the seven compounds were altered in the pathological status of polycystic ovary syndrome. Furthermore, a total of 36 metabolites were structurally identified based on their accurate masses and fragment ions. The major metabolic pathway involves phase I metabolic reactions (such as hydroxylation), phase II metabolic reactions (such as sulfation and glucuronidation conjugation) as well as the combined multiple‐step metabolism. This study is the first report on the pharmacokinetic and metabolic information of Shaoyao‐Gancao decoction in both normal and model rats, which would provide scientific evidences for the bioactive chemical basis of herbal medicines and also promote the clinical application of Shaoyao‐Gancao decoction for treating polycystic ovary syndrome.
High‐Resolution, Wide‐Field, Forward‐Viewing Spectrally Encoded Endoscope
Authors: Zeidan Adel , Do Dukho , Kang Dongkyun , Ikuta Mitsuhiro , Ryu Jiheun , Tearney Guillermo J. 
Published: May 2019

Background and ObjectiveSpectrally encoded endoscopy (SEE) is an optical imaging technology that uses spatial wavelength multiplexing to conduct endoscopy in miniature, small diameter probes. Contrary to the previous side‐viewing SEE devices, forward‐viewing SEE probes are advantageous as they provide a look ahead that facilitates navigation and surveillance. The objective of this work was to develop a miniature forward‐viewing SEE probe with a wide field of view and a high spatial resolution.Materials and MethodsWe designed and developed a forward‐viewing SEE device with an overall total diameter of 1.27 mm, which consists of a monolithic illumination probe with a length of 3.87 mm and a diameter of 500 µm, 8 multimode detection fibers that were polished at a 17° angle, a rotational scanning mechanism, and a sheath. The SEE device was evaluated using a USAF resolution target and was used for preclinical imaging of a swine joint ex vivo.ResultsThis design resulted in a high resolution probe (best spatial resolution of 20.3 µm), a wide total angular field of view of 100°, and an effective number of imaging elements of ~344,000 pixels. The SEE probe performance was compared to a commercial color chip‐on‐the‐tip endoscope; while monochrome, results showed better spatial resolution and a wider field of view for the SEE device.ConclusionThese results demonstrate the potential of this forward‐viewing SEE probe for visualization and navigation in medical imaging applications. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Biogas‐producing microbial composition of an anaerobic digester and associated bovine residues
Authors: Senés‐Guerrero Carolina , Colón‐Contreras Franco A. , Reynoso‐Lobo Javier F. , Tinoco‐Pérez Benito , Siller‐Cepeda Jorge H. , Pacheco Adriana 
Published: May 2019

AbstractInfluenced by feedstock type and microbial inoculum, different microbial groups must precisely interact for high‐quality biogas yields. As a first approach for optimization, this study aimed to identify through time the biogas‐producing microbial community in a 10‐ton dry anaerobic digester treating cattle manure by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and metagenomics. Moreover, the associated bovine residues or feedstocks (leachate, manure, oxidation lagoon water, rumen) were also characterized to determine their contribution. A diverse and dynamic community characterized by Bacteria (82%–88%) and a considerable amount of Archaea (8%–15%) presented profiles particular to each stage of biogas production. Eukaryotes (2.6%–3.6%), mainly fungi, were a minor but stable component. Proteobacteria represented 47% of the community at the start of the run but only 18% at the end, opposite to the Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi group (8% and 20%, respectively), while Firmicutes (12%–18%) and Actinobacteria (12%–32%) remained relatively constant. Methanogens of the order Methanomicrobiales represented by several species of Methanoculleus were abundant at the end of the run (77%) contrary to Methanosarcinales (11%) and Methanobacteriales (0.7%). Therefore, methanogenesis mainly occurred by the hydrogenotrophic pathway. Manure and oxidation lagoon water seemed to contribute key microorganisms, while rumen dominated by Methanobrevibacter (72%) did not proliferate in the digester. Manure particularly possessed Methanoculleus (24%) and uncultured methanogens identified by DGGE, whereas oxidation lagoon was exclusively abundant in Methanolinea (18%) and Methanosaeta (19%). Leachate, as the microbial inoculum from a previous run, adequately preserved the biogas‐producing community. These results could lead to higher biogas yields through bioaugmentation strategies by incorporating higher proportions or an enriched inoculum from the relevant feedstocks.
Whole exome sequencing identifies a new mutation in the SLC19A2 gene leading to thiamine‐responsive megaloblastic anemia in an Egyptian family
Authors: Amr Khalda , Pawlikowska Patrycja , Aoufouchi Said , Rosselli Filippo , El‐Kamah Ghada 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe Solute Carrier Family 19 Member 2 (SLC19A2, OMIM *603941) encodes the thiamine transporter 1 (THTR‐1) that brings thiamine (Vitamin B1) into cells. THTR‐1 is the only thiamine transporter expressed in bone marrow, cochlear, and pancreatic beta cells. THTR‐1 loss‐of‐function leads to the rare recessive genetic disease Thiamine‐Responsive Megaloblastic Anemia (TRMA, OMIM #249270).MethodsIn vitro stimulated blood lymphocytes were used for cytogenetics and the isolation of genomic DNA used to perform whole exome sequencing (WES). To validate identified mutations, direct Sanger sequencing was performed following PCR amplification.ResultsA 6‐year‐old male born from a consanguineous couple presenting bone marrow failure and microcephaly was referred to our clinic for disease diagnosis. The patient presented a normal karyotype and no chromosomal fragility in response to DNA damage. WES analysis led to the identification of a new pathogenic variant in the SLC19A2 gene (c.596C>G, pSer199Ter) allowing to identify the young boy as a TRMA patient.ConclusionOur analysis extend the number of inactivating mutations in SLC19A2 leading to TRMA that could guide future prenatal diagnosis for the family and follow‐up for patients.
Research on data transmission model and bit error rate calculation method in optical fiber coding target location testing system
Authors: Zhang Xiaoqian , Li Hanshan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTo improve the reliability and stability of optical fiber coding target location testing system, it is necessary to research the bit error rate of system under complex atmospheric conditions. This article introduces the optical fiber coding measurement system and testing principle, utilizes their measurement geometric model to calculate the coordinate of dynamic target, atmospheric attenuation and atmospheric turbulence simultaneously present and affect the power of laser in atmospheric channel, establishes the model of signal to noise ratio of photoelectric sensor, derives new bit error rate model under complex atmospheric conditions, and analyzes relevant influencing factors. The results of calculation and experimental data indicate that atmospheric turbulence and the power of laser affect bit error rate of system, with the increment of atmospheric turbulence, the bit error rate of system increases. We can improve the power of laser to effectively reduce bit error rate of system under the same atmospheric condition.
The impact of pelvic organ prolapse and/or continence surgery on pelvic floor muscle function in women: A systematic review
Authors: Mastwyk Sally , McClelland Jodie , Rosamilia Anna , Frawley Helena 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimsTo systematically review the evidence for the effect of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and/or continence surgery on pelvic floor muscle (PFM) morphometry and function in women, and to investigate whether a relationship exists between PFM measures and clinician‐reported objective pelvic floor outcomes postoperatively.MethodsSix electronic databases were searched until March 2018. Studies were included if they examined the effect of POP and/or continence surgery on the PFM in women, and reported pre‐ and postoperative data. Methodological quality was assessed using a modified Downs and Black checklist. Three meta‐analyses were planned based on postoperative follow‐up time.ResultsTwenty‐one studies met the inclusion criteria. Varied surgical interventions and 33 different PFM measures were represented. The methodological quality of included studies varied considerably. The 0 to 6 weeks postoperative meta‐analysis showed no statistically significant change in PFM function (SMD = 0.04; 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.26 to 0.33). This was consistent at 3 and 6 or more months (SMD = 1.13; 0.35 95% CI = −0.34 to 2.60, − 0.42 to 1.12 respectively). None of the included studies investigated the relationship between PFM measures and clinician‐reported objective outcomes postoperatively.ConclusionsThis review did not show a clear effect of POP and/or continence surgery on PFM morphometry or function in women and was unable to show a relationship with outcomes such as objective prolapse score and urodynamic findings. This could be because surgery does not measurably impact on the PFM or due to the poor quality and heterogeneity of studies. Future well‐designed research is needed to specifically investigate change in the PFM following surgery.
Hospital Staffs’ Perceptions of Postoperative Nutrition Among Colorectal Patients: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Rattray Megan , Roberts Shelley , Desbrow Ben , Marshall Andrea P. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundAfter lower gastrointestinal surgery, few patients start eating within timeframes outlined by evidence‐based guidelines or meet their nutrition requirements in hospital. The present study explored hospital staffs’ perceptions of factors influencing timely and adequate feeding after colorectal surgery to inform future interventions for improving postoperative nutrition practices and intakes.MethodsThis qualitative exploratory study was conducted at an Australian hospital where Enhanced Recovery After Surgery guidelines had not been formally implemented. One‐on‐one semistructured interviews were conducted with hospital staff who provided care to patients undergoing colorectal surgery. Interviews lasted from 21 to 47 minutes and were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Emergent themes and subthemes were discussed by all investigators to ensure consensus of interpretation.ResultsEighteen staff participated in interviews, including 9 doctors, 5 nurses, 2 dietitians, and 2 foodservice staff. Staffs’ responses formed 3 themes: (1) variability in perceived acceptability of postoperative feeding; (2) improving dynamics and communication within the treating team; and (3) optimizing dietary intakes with available resources.ConclusionStaff and organizational factors need to be considered when attempting to improve postoperative nutrition among patients who undergo colorectal surgery. Introducing a feeding protocol, enhancing intraprofessional and interdisciplinary communication, and ensuring the availability of appropriate, nutrient‐dense foods are pivotal to improve nutrition practices and intakes.
An investigation into the strategy of pig husbandry combining zooarchaeological and stable isotopic approaches at Neolithic Houjiazhai, China
Authors: Dai Lingling , Kan Xuhang , Zhang Xinyu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHuai River, the third longest river in China, runs parallel with and between the Yellow River and the Yangtze River. It is the passageway for cultural communication between Northern and Southern China as well as an important distribution range of rice and millet mixed farming. Along the upper Huai River Valley, domestic pigs were discovered about 9,000 years ago at Jiahu. Nevertheless, chronological changes regarding strategies of pig utilization and husbandry in subsequent periods along the whole Huai River Valley are still ambiguous. Thus, this current study integrating zooarchaeological and stable isotopic approaches on faunal assemblage from Neolithic Houjiazhai(7,300–5,200 cal BP) along the middle Huai River Valley was performed to discuss related issues. Our results indicate that (1) hunting and fishing activities contributed almost equally to human meat sources as the domestic pig and (2) domestic pigs were most likely kept in a free‐range manner and foraged around human residences as their wild counterparts did. Dietary differences of ancient Sus populations among sites from the Central Plain area and the Huai River Valley were observed, which were closely linked to crop cultivation and abundance of wild animal resources. This stimulated us to consider the diversities in terms of pig husbandry strategy in ancient China.
Operational framework and training standard requirements for AI‐empowered robotic surgery
Authors: O'Sullivan Shane , Leonard Simon , Holzinger Andreas , Allen Colin , Battaglia Fiorella , Nevejans Nathalie , van Leeuwen Fijs W. B. , Sajid Mohammed Imran , Friebe Michael , Ashrafian Hutan , Heinsen Helmut , Wichmann Dominic , Hartnett Margaret , Gallagher Anthony G. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundFor autonomous robot‐delivered surgeries to ever become a feasible option, we recommend the combination of human‐centered artificial intelligence (AI) and transparent machine learning (ML), with integrated Gross anatomy models. This can be supplemented with medical imaging data of cadavers for performance evaluation.MethodsWe reviewed technological advances and state‐of‐the‐art documented developments. We undertook a literature search on surgical robotics and skills, tracing agent studies, relevant frameworks, and standards for AI. This embraced transparency aspects of AI.ConclusionWe recommend “a procedure/skill template” for teaching AI that can be used by a surgeon. Similar existing methodologies show that when such a metric‐based approach is used for training surgeons, cardiologists, and anesthetists, it results in a >40% error reduction in objectively assessed intraoperative procedures. The integration of Explainable AI and ML, and novel tissue characterization sensorics to tele‐operated robotic‐assisted procedures with medical imaged cadavers, provides robotic guidance and refines tissue classifications at a molecular level.
Missing pieces in the story of a caterpillar fungus — Ophiocordyceps sinensis
Authors: Liang Siran 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOphiocordyceps sinensis (syn. Cordyceps sinensis) is a peculiar caterpillar fungus. It is not only known for its extraordinary medicinal values, which cover a wide spectrum of illnesses ranging from fatigue to cancer, but also for its fascinating life-story (Yeh & Lama 2013). Unlike many medicinal products, advertisements for “Cordyceps” do not solely promote its medicinal value, but also the origin of its production. Retailers often employ snowy mountains, Tibetan script, Tibetan people, blue sky and green meadows to advertise their products. Te imagined geography delivers a message to consumers that it is a natural wonder that comes from a Xanadu, a distant, exotic, untouched and unpolluted place. Te description of its production site is not meant to deceive the consumers, but it is only one piece of the story. Behind the veil of Ophiocordyceps commodification, we see missing pieces from a personal experience during a two-month-long field research in the eastern Tibetan region in summer 2018: Tibetan harvesters, a harsh climate, the declining Ophiocordyceps populations, plastic packaging and aluminum cans loitering the meadows. All these are also part of the production story.
International Mycological Congress: Guiding Vote on nomenclature proposals to amend Chapter F of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants
Authors: May Tom W. , Miller Andrew N. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractResults are provided for the Guiding Vote on the seven formal proposals to amend the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants to be decided by the Fungal Nomenclature Session (FNS) of the XI International Mycological Congress in July 2018. Te ballot for the Guiding Vote was provided online. Tere were 520 valid ballots, submitted by mycologists from 42 countries, belonging to 23 eligible groups and societies, along with authors of proposals. Tw o proposals F-005 and F-006, both concerning DNA sequences as types, exceeded the 75 % No vote that is the threshold above which proposals are considered rejected by the FNS unless formally re-introduced. Two options for amendments to future procedures for the Guiding Vote are proposed: adding eligibility via publication of a nomenclatural novelty among fungi and removing eligibility via membership of IMA MMOs.