bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing insights into foraging specialization in the world's largest fish using a multi‐tissue, multi‐isotope approach
Authors: Wyatt Alex S.J. , Matsumoto Rui , Chikaraishi Yoshito , Miyairi Yosuke , Yokoyama Yusuke , Sato Keiichi , Ohkouchi Nao , Nagata Toshi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIntra‐species variability in foraging strategies may be common, which has significant implications for efforts to understand and manage enigmatic species like the whale shark Rhincodon typus. The ecological relevance of differences in tissue isotopes within and between individuals in the context of foraging however depends on understanding tissue turnover times and carbon (Δ13C) and nitrogen (Δ15N) discrimination, which can vary with physiology, metabolism, and diet quality. Here, we examine isotope dynamics in captive R. typus as a basis for enhanced ecological insights into wild populations of the world's largest fish and other enigmatic species. A variable diet, principally consisting of two krill (Euphausia pacifica and Euphausia superba) provided an average of 48 ± 20 MJ/d (mean ± SD), or 2.7 ± 1.3 times basal metabolic requirements. On this diet, in agreement with allometric relationships, large body sizes (3,000–4,000 kg) were matched by slow plasma and cartilage turnover rates (empirically derived as 9 months and 3 yr, respectively), which provide tissue‐specific limits on the timescales over which we can isotopically detect diet changes in this species. Average diet‐to‐tissue discrimination showed significant variation between tissues (plasma and cartilage), and among growing and fasting individuals (Δ13C range, 1.5 to 5.5‰; Δ15N range, −0.1 to 2.9‰). Assimilation rates increased with temperature and were higher for the smaller E. pacifica (15 ± 2 mm) than E. superba (48 ± 2 mm). Growth significantly lowered both Δ15Nplasma and Δ15Ncartilage, with inappetence markedly reducing Δ15Nplasma and Δ13Cplasma, as well as significantly altering blood biochemistry. Captive findings facilitated the first robust multi‐tissue growth‐ and nutrition‐corrected isotope analysis of a wild R. typus population, suggesting individual foraging specialization on low trophic level mid‐ocean or coastal prey. Long‐term fasting during ocean‐basin‐scale migrations may be common and such metabolic effects should be carefully quantified when isotopically assessing intra‐species foraging differences. The metabolically constrained multi‐tissue, multi‐isotope approach described can facilitate ecological insights that are indispensable for effective conservation and management of globally threatened, but poorly understood, species by identifying differences in key foraging areas and target prey within and between individuals.
Modified Stoney Model and Optimization of Electrode Structure Based on Stress Characteristics
Authors: Xie Haimei , Kang Yilan , Song Haibin , Shi Baoqin , Wang Jianshan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractStress in electrodes is inherently linked to mechanical failure that leads to degradation of cycle performance. To optimize battery performance, we propose a modified Stoney model to study the deformation and stress of a bilayer electrode. This model couples bending deformation and electrochemical‐dependent elastic modulus of active layer, and we apply the model to systematically analyze how thickness ratio l, modulus ratio m, bending, and electrochemical‐dependent elastic modulus impact stresses across a wide range. Results show that stresses non‐monotonously vary with l and m. Surface stress of active material transforms from a trend of first decrease and then increase to monotonous increase with m, and first increases and then decreases with l. Therefore, Li‐induced softening and stiffening as well as Li‐induced‐increased thickness relieve stresses within a certain range. Based on stress characterization, some electrode structures are suggested to improve battery performance. For a constant elastic modulus of active layer, l and m should be smaller or make stress factor close to 0. And l and m should be selected on the left (right or near) of extreme points for softening (stiffening) of active layer. This work provides a comprehensive stress analysis to guide the optimization of electrode structures.
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated activity of gas-phase ambient air derived from passive sampling and an in vitro bioassay
Authors: McDonough Carrie A. , Franks Diana G. , Hahn Mark E. , Lohmann Rainer 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

The gaseous fraction of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) in ambient air appears to be responsible for a significant portion of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-mediated activity, but the majority of compounds contributing to this activity remain unidentified. The present study investigated the use of polyethylene passive samplers to isolate gaseous HOCs from ambient air for use in in vitro bioassays and to improve our understanding of the toxicological relevance of the gaseous fraction of ambient air in urban and residential environments. Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organic flame retardants were measured in polyethylene passive sampler extracts. Extracts were also analyzed using an in vitro bioassay to measure AhR-mediated activity. Bioassay-derived benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) equivalents (BaP-Eqbio), a measure of potency of HOC mixtures, were greatest in the downtown Cleveland area and lowest at rural/residential sites further from the city center. The BaP-Eqbio was weakly correlated with concentrations of 2-ring alkyl/substituted PAHs and one organophosphate flame retardant, ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate. Potency predicted based on literature-derived induction equivalency factors (IEFs) explained only 2 to 23% of the AhR-mediated potency observed in bioassay experiments. Our results suggests that health risks of gaseous ambient air pollution predicted using data from targeted chemical analysis may underestimate risks of exposure, most likely due to augmentation of potency by unmonitored chemicals in the mixture, and the lack of relevant IEFs for many targeted analytes. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:748–759. © 2019 SETAC
Model driven framework to enhance sensor network design cycle
Authors: Kifouche Abdenour , Hamouche Redha , Kocik Remy , Rachedi Abderrezak , Baudoin Genevieve 
Published: January 2019

AbstractRecent advances in sensor network provide more and more equipment with a large amount of sensors and actuators. However, their adoptions in modern life face several challenges. First, sensor network design is complex and requires several steps including network sizing, hardware and software development, deployment, and data exploitation. Often, each step is managed by a particular tool. These tools are rarely connected to each other. Therefore, descriptions are required in each used tool. These multiple descriptions are costly in terms of development time and can lead to design errors. In order to address these issues, we propose a new model‐driven framework named Modesene to efficiently design a sensor network for different kind of application. Modesene is designed to ensure four main process including multifacets modeling, network simulations, deployment, and data exploitation. The proposed framework supports sensor network tools by providing bridges with these tools. Therefore, one description in Modesene can be automatically transformed in each used tool. The framework can perform simulations and code generation. It promotes a data‐driven approach; in fact, data obtained by simulations is used to drive design choices. We validate our framework through use case of smart building with two possible solutions. Based on Omnet++ simulator, Modesene can assess node lifetime, costs, and packets loss. Thereafter, the obtained results drive the choice of the suitable solution. Then, the code generator provides source codes for sensor nodes, gateway nodes, and for data exploitation. Compared to existing frameworks, Modesene deals with all design steps.
Frontostriatal network dysfunction as a domain‐general mechanism underlying phantom perception
Authors: Hullfish Jeffrey , Abenes Ian , Yoo Hye Bin , De Ridder Dirk , Vanneste Sven 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn the present study, we use resting state fMRI to investigate whether nucleus accumbens (NAc) and extended frontostriatal networks are involved in the pathology of auditory phantom perception, i.e., tinnitus, through a study of functional connectivity. We hypothesize that resting state functional connectivity involving NAc will be increased relative to what is observed in healthy subjects and that this connectivity will correlate with clinical measures of tinnitus such as percept loudness, duration of symptoms, etc. We show that a large sample of patients with chronic tinnitus (n = 90) features extensive functional connectivity involving NAc that is largely absent in healthy subjects (n = 94). We further show that connectivity involving NAc correlates significantly with tinnitus percept loudness and the duration of tinnitus symptoms, even after controlling for the effects of age and hearing loss. The loudness correlation, which involves NAc and parahippocampal cortex, is consistent with existing literature identifying the parahippocampus as a tinnitus generator. Our results further suggest that frontostriatal connectivity may predict the transition from acute to chronic tinnitus, analogous to what is seen in the pain literature. We discuss these ideas and suggest fruitful avenues for future research.
The investigation of human error analysis in adverse drug events in Taiwan—From the perspective of causality assessment
Authors: Hsieh Min‐Chih , Chiang Po‐Yi , Wang Eric Min‐Yang , Kung Wen‐Chuan , Hu Ya‐Tzu , Huang Ming‐Shi , Hsieh Huei‐Chi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe goal of this study is to analyze the adverse drug events, using the human factors analysis and classification system (HFACS), and to identify the causality between the error factors. Twenty‐five cases related to medication errors were identified. Seven experts were recruited to form an expert team for this study. The HFACS and root cause analysis were utilized in this study to identify the causal factors and the root causes of medication errors. The frequency of each error factor was recorded, and odds ratio was applied to measure the strength of the relevance of the error factors between adjacent levels of the HFACS. The results showed that 222 errors were identified and the main pathways and subpathways of medication errors from Level 4 to Level 1 of the HFACS were arranged in this study. According to the results, the deficiencies in organizations could be the main reasons causing adverse drug events in Taiwan.
Comparison of medical management and genetic counseling options pre‐ and post‐whole exome sequencing for patients with positive and negative results
Authors: Matias Margret , Wusik Katie , Neilson Derek , Zhang Xue , Valencia C. Alexander , Collins Kathleen 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWhole exome sequencing (WES) is expected to impact patient management, but data surrounding the types of downstream effects and how frequently these effects are observed depending on the type of WES results received is limited. This study investigated changes to medical management and genetic counseling (GC) options following WES for individuals with positive and negative results. Electronic medical records of patients who had positive (n = 37) or negative (n = 41) WES results from Cincinnati Children's Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Pre‐ and post‐WES management and GC options were analyzed as were differences between positive and negative results. Almost all participants (97%) were observed to have at least one difference in medical management and/or GC options following WES. Comparing pre‐ and post‐WES detected significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) in genetic testing, imaging, and metabolic testing regardless of WES results. Participants with positive results also had significant differences in recurrence risk, reproductive options, testing for family members, and support groups. Pre‐ to post‐WES differences were significantly different between participants with positive and negative results in specialist referrals, lifestyle recommendations, recurrence risk, and all GC options (p ≤ 0.05); specifically, participants with positive results were more likely to have differences in these categories. Overall, differences in medical management and/or GC options were observed for participants with both types of WES results (positive and negative). Results from this study may contribute to the understanding of how WES impacts patients and their care and thus improve its utilization.
A real‐world experience with 6 months of antitubercular therapy in abdominal tuberculosis
Authors: Mandavdhare Harshal S , Singh Harjeet , Dutta Usha , Sharma Vishal 
Published: January 2019

Background and AimAbdominal tuberculosis is an important form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Evidence from clinical trials suggests that 6 months of antitubercular therapy (ATT) is sufficient for abdominal tuberculosis.MethodsWe report real‐world experience with 6 months of ATT based on a retrospective analysis of patients with abdominal tuberculosis seen at a large tertiary care hospital in India.ResultsOf 101 patients, 93 with complete records were included. The mean age was 35.90 ± 14.06 years, and 53 were males (56.98%). A total of 42 patients (45.16%) had intestinal involvement, 24 (25.08%) had peritoneal, 22 (23.65%) had combined involvement, and 5 patients (5.37%) had isolated lymph nodal involvement. Six patients received prolonged ATT. Six patients developed ATT‐induced hepatitis. Of 64 patients with intestinal involvement, 45 had stricturing disease (70.3%), of whom 7 (15.5%) required surgery due to refractory symptoms. Overall, there was one death, and eight patients (including one with massive gastrointestinal bleeding) needed surgery.ConclusionSix months of ATT is associated with objective clinical response in most of the patients of abdominal tuberculosis.
Machine learning‐based prediction of future breast cancer using algorithmically measured background parenchymal enhancement on high‐risk screening MRI
Authors: Saha Ashirbani , Grimm Lars J. , Ghate Sujata V. , Kim Connie E. , Soo Mary S. , Yoon Sora C. , Mazurowski Maciej A. 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundPreliminary work has demonstrated that background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) assessed by radiologists is predictive of future breast cancer in women undergoing high‐risk screening MRI. Algorithmically assessed measures of BPE offer a more precise and reproducible means of measuring BPE than human readers and thus might improve the predictive performance of future cancer development.PurposeTo determine if algorithmically extracted imaging features of BPE on screening breast MRI in high‐risk women are associated with subsequent development of cancer.Study TypeCase–control study.PopulationIn all, 133 women at high risk for developing breast cancer; 46 of these patients developed breast cancer subsequently over a follow‐up period of 2 years.Field Strength/Sequence5 T or 3.0 T T1‐weighted precontrast fat‐saturated and nonfat‐saturated sequences and postcontrast nonfat‐saturated sequences.AssessmentAutomatic features of BPE were extracted with a computer algorithm. Subjective BPE scores from five breast radiologists (blinded to clinical outcomes) were also available.Statistical TestsLeave‐one‐out crossvalidation for a multivariate logistic regression model developed using the automatic features and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were performed to calculate the area under the curve (AUC). Comparison of automatic features and subjective features was performed using a generalized regression model and the P‐value was obtained. Odds ratios for automatic and subjective features were compared.ResultsThe multivariate model discriminated patients who developed cancer from the patients who did not, with an AUC of 0.70 (95% confidence interval: 0.60–0.79, P < 0.001). The imaging features remained independently predictive of subsequent development of cancer (P < 0.003) when compared with the subjective BPE assessment of the readers.Data ConclusionAutomatically extracted BPE measurements may potentially be used to further stratify risk in patients undergoing high‐risk screening MRI.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy: Stage 5J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:456–464.
Burden of treatment: Reported outcomes in a head and neck cancer survivorship clinic
Authors: Nilsen Marci Lee , Mady Leila J. , Hodges Jacob , Wasserman‐Wincko Tamara , Johnson Jonas T. 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveWith the intensification and utilization of multimodal treatment, acute toxicities have increased; however, the frequency of treatment sequelae in long‐term head and neck cancer (HNC) survivors are poorly described. The purpose of this analysis was to determine the prevalence and predictors of patient‐reported late and long‐term treatment‐related sequelae in HNC survivors.MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional analysis of patient‐reported outcomes from 228 survivors attending a multidisciplinary HNC survivorship clinic. The primary outcomes comprised quality of life (QOL), symptoms of anxiety and depression, and swallowing dysfunction.ResultsMale gender, tumor sites in the oropharynx and larynx, longer time since treatment, and treatment with surgery alone were associated with higher physical QOL (P < .05). Male gender, longer time since treatment, and treatment with surgery alone were associated with higher social‐emotional QOL (P < .05). A reduction in anxiety symptoms and a higher QOL were related to longer time since treatment; however, a reduction in swallowing dysfunction symptoms was only related to longer time since treatment until approximately 6 years. After 6 years, survivors reported worse swallowing dysfunction (P < .05). One hundred thirty‐two survivors (56%) reported at least three treatment‐related effects that impacted their daily life. Finally, advanced stage disease at diagnosis (stage III–IV) was also associated with severe swallowing dysfunction (P = .004).ConclusionThese data indicate the remarkable prevalence of treatment‐related effects in HNC survivors. These results highlight the need for de‐intensification of therapies, where appropriate, and for a better understanding of pathophysiology and new approaches to mitigating treatment effects.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 129:E437–E444, 2019
A finite element simulation of MOM (metal‐on‐metal) hip implant
Authors: Chaturvedi Sumita , Bharti Prem Kumar , Yadav Saurabh Kumar , Singh Saumya 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe entire load in human body is supported by the hip joint bearing. In the present work, elastohydrodynamic lubrication analysis of metal and metal hip implant is performed by using Newtonian lubricant. The Reynolds equation coupled with stress equilibrium equation has been used to get the pressure and performance characteristics of hip joint bearing. The governing Reynolds equation is nonlinear and cannot be solved by using close form solution methods. The finite element method and Newton‐Raphson method are used to obtain solution of the present equation. It has been observed that numerical convergence is much faster with NR method. From the results, it is observed that FEM with modified Newton‐Raphson method has the capability to compute accurate results for realistic modelling.
High power holmium:YAG versus thulium fiber laser treatment of kidney stones in dusting mode: ablation rate and fragment size studies
Authors: Hardy Luke A. , Vinnichenko Viktoriya , Fried Nathaniel M. 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesThe experimental Thulium fiber laser (TFL) is currently being studied as a potential alternative to the gold standard Holmium:YAG laser for lithotripsy. Recent advances in both Holmium and TFL technology allow operation at similar laser parameters for direct comparison. The use of a “dusting” mode with low pulse energy (0.2–0.4 J) and high pulse rate (50–80 Hz) settings, is gaining popularity in lithotripsy due to the desire to produce smaller residual stone fragments during ablation, capable of being spontaneously passed through the urinary tract.MethodsIn this study, Holmium and TFL were directly compared for ‘dusting’ using three laser groups, G1: 0.2 J/50 Hz/10 W; G2: 0.2 J/80 Hz/16 W; and G3: 0.4 J/80 Hz/32 W. Holmium laser pulse durations ranged from 200 to 350 μs, while TFL pulse durations ranged from 500 to 1,000 μs, due to technical limitations for both laser systems. An experimental setup consisting of 1 × 1 cm cuvette with 1 mm sieve was used with continuous laser operation time limited to ≤5 minutes. Calcium oxalate monohydrate stone samples with a sample size of n = 5 were used for each group, with average initial stone mass ranging from 216 to 297 mg among groups.ResultsHolmium laser ablation rates were lower than for TFL at all three settings (G1: 0.3 ± 0.2 vs. 0.8 ± 0.2; G2: 0.6 ± 0.1 vs. 1.0 ± 0.4; G3: 0.7 ± 0.2 vs. 1.3 ± 0.9 mg/s). The TFL also produced a greater percentage by mass of stone dust (fragments <0.5 mm) than Holmium laser. For all three settings combined, one out of 15 (7%) stones treated with Holmium laser were completely fragmented in ≤5 minutes compared to nine out of 15 (60%) stones treated with TFL.ConclusionsThese preliminary studies demonstrate that the TFL is a promising alternative laser for lithotripsy when operated in dusting mode, producing higher stone ablation rates and smaller stone fragments than the Holmium laser. Clinical studies are warranted. Lasers Surg. Med. 51:522–530, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A decision‐making model with utility from anticipation and disappointment
Authors: He Ying , Dyer James S. , Butler John C. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe propose a descriptive model to capture the trade‐off between anticipation and either elation or disappointment subject to an optimism/pessimism bias in decision making. In our model, there are two periods of the decision‐making process. In the first period, the decision maker (DM) anticipates receiving the future pay‐offs with subjective probabilities for the lottery outcomes that may deviate from the objective probabilities for these pay‐offs. In the second period, the DM evaluates the lottery outcomes on the basis of the objective probabilities but compares the received outcome with a level of anticipation formed in the first period. The DM will experience elation or disappointment when this outcome is above or below her or his level of anticipation, respectively. We provide an axiomatic framework for our model. Finally, we also show that the model allows risk attitudes that cannot be accommodated by existing models and has implications in portfolio selection and asset pricing problems in finance.
Curvilinear integrals of discontinuous functions over nonrectifiable paths and Riemann boundary‐value problem
Authors: Kats Boris A. , Katz David B. 
Published: January 2019

We study a generalization of the concept of curvilinear integral for the case where path of integration is nonrectifiable, and integrand has discontinuities. Then we apply that integrals for solving of the Riemann boundary‐value problem for domains with nonrectifiable boundaries and discontinuous boundary data. The research is supported by RFBR (grant 18‐31‐00060) and is performed according to a special programme of the Russian government supporting research at Kazan Federal University.Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences journal encourages authors to share the data and other artifacts supporting the results in the paper by archiving it in an appropriate public repository. Authors may provide a data availability statement, including a link to the repository they have used, in order that this statement can be published in their paper. Shared data should be cited.