bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Participação e representatividade nas pesquisas sobre os Conselhos Municipais de Educação
Authors: Alberto Vicente de Oliveira Camila , De Nez Egeslaine 
Published: June 2018

Na organização dos sistemas e redes municipais de educação, os Conselhos Municipais de Educação (CMEs) podem assumir um espaço importante na proposição de políticas educacionais que apoiem o desenvolvimento de uma escola de qualidade socialmente referenciada. Diante disso, este texto tem por objetivo contribuir com o avanço na produção do conhecimento sobre os CMEs, sua natureza, funções e relevância, tomando por base como as pesquisas realizadas no estado de Goiás sobre a temática debatem a participação e a representação social nesses Conselhos. Para tanto, realizou-se o estado do conhecimento em dissertações e teses nos Programas de Pós-Graduação em Goiás. Foram encontrados cinco estudos envolvendo os CMEs, com diferentes objetos, porém a análise dos dados permitiu inferir que não há nenhuma pesquisa que aborde diretamente a questão da participação e da representação social nos Conselhos. Contudo, considerando que essas categorias são elementos fundamentais na implementação da gestão democrática, todos os estudos abordam essa problemática destacando que nos conselhos pesquisados ainda se perpetuam práticas burocráticas e há pouca representatividade. Além disso, ainda estão extremamente atrelados ao poder executivo municipal, minimizando seu potencial e sua atuação no que se refere à mediação dos interesses da comunidade e à organização da educação pública.
Comprehensive analysis of key genes, microRNAs and long non‐coding RNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Shi Baoqi , Zhang Xuejun , Chao Lumeng , Zheng Yu , Tan Yongsheng , Wang Liang , Zhang Wei 
Published: June 2018

Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common aggressive cancer whose molecular mechanism remains elusive. We aimed to identify the key genes, microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) involved with HCC. We obtained mRNA, miRNA and lncRNA profiles for HCC from The Cancer Genome Atlas and then identified differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs), miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) and lncRNAs (DElncRNAs). We performed functional annotation of DEmRNAs and then constructed HCC‐specific DEmiRNA–DEmRNA, DEmiRNA–DElncRNA and DElncRNA–DEmiRNA–DEmRNA interaction networks. We searched for nearby targetcis‐DEmRNAs of DElncRNAs and performed receiver operating characteristic and survival analyses. A total of 1239 DEmRNAs, 33 DEmiRNAs and 167 DElncRNAs in HCC were obtained. Retinol metabolism [false discovery rate (FDR) = 7.02 × 10−14] and metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 (FDR = 7.30 × 10−11) were two significantly enriched pathways in HCC. We obtained 545 DEmiRNA–DEmRNA pairs that consisted of 258 DEmRNAs and 28 DEmiRNAs in HCC. mir‐424, miR‐93 and miR‐3607 are three hub DEmiRNAs of the HCC‐specific DEmiRNA–DEmRNA interaction network. HAND2‐AS1/ENSG00000232855–miR‐93–LRAT/RND3, ENSG00000232855–miR‐877–RCAN1and ENSG00000232855–miR‐224–RND3interactions were found in the HCC‐specific DElncRNA–DEmiRNA–DEmRNA interaction network. A total of three DElncRNA–nearby target DEmRNA pairs (HCG25–KIFC1, LOC105378687–CDC20and LOC101927043–EPCAM) in HCC were obtained. Diagnostic and prognostic values of several selected DElncRNAs, DEmRNAs and DEmiRNAs for HCC were assessed. Our study identified several DEmRNAs, DEmiRNAs and DElncRNAs with great diagnostic or prognostic value for HCC, which may facilitate studies into the molecular mechanisms, and development of potential biomarkers and therapeutic target sites for HCC.
Improving accuracy for stereotactic body radiotherapy treatments of spinal metastases
Authors: Rijken James , Jordan Barry , Crowe Scott , Kairn Tanya , Trapp Jamie 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPurposeUse of SBRT techniques is now a relatively common recourse for spinal metastases due to good local control rates and durable pain control. However, the technique has not yet reached maturity for gantry‐based systems, so work is still required in finding planning approaches that produce optimum conformity as well as delivery for the slew of treatment planning systems and treatment machines.MethodsA set of 32 SBRT spine treatment plans based on four vertebral sites, varying in modality and number of control points, were created in Pinnacle. These plans were assessed according to complexity metrics and planning objectives as well as undergoing treatment delivery QA on an Elekta VersaHD through ion chamber measurement, ArcCheck, film‐dose map comparison and MLC log‐file reconstruction via PerFraction.ResultsAll methods of QA demonstrated statistically significant agreement with each other (r = 0.63, P < 0.001). Plan complexity and delivery accuracy were found to be independent of MUs (r = 0.22, P > 0.05) but improved with the number of control points (r = 0.46, P < 0.03); with use of 90 control points producing the most complex and least accurate plans. The fraction of small apertures used in treatment had no impact on plan quality or accuracy (r = 0.29, P > 0.05) but rather more complexly modulated plans showed poorer results due to MLC leaf position inaccuracies. Plans utilizing 180 and 240 control points produced optimal plan coverage with similar complexity metrics to each other. However, plans with 240 control points demonstrated slightly better delivery accuracy, with fewer MLC leaf position discrepancies.ConclusionIn contrast to other studies, MU had no effect on delivery accuracy, with the most impactful parameter at the disposal of the planner being the number of control points utilized.
Using 4DCT‐ventilation to characterize lung function changes for pediatric patients getting thoracic radiotherapy
Authors: Vinogradskiy Yevgeniy , Faught Austin , Castillo Richard , Castillo Edward , Guerrero Thomas , Miften Moyed , Liu Arthur K. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPurposeA form of lung functional imaging has been developed that uses 4DCT data to calculate ventilation (4DCT‐ventilation). Because 4DCTs are acquired as standard‐of‐care to manage breathing motion during radiotherapy, 4DCT‐ventilation provides functional information at no extra dosimetric or monetary cost. 4DCT‐ventilation has yet to be described in children. 4DCT‐ventilation can be used as a tool to help assess post‐treatment lung function and predict for future clinical thoracic toxicities for pediatric patients receiving radiotherapy to the chest. The purpose of this work was to perform a preliminary evaluation of 4DCT‐ventilation‐based lung function changes for pediatric patients receiving radiotherapy to the lungs.MethodsThe study used four patients with pre and postradiotherapy 4DCTs. The 4DCTs, deformable image registration, and a density‐change‐based algorithm were used to compute pre and post‐treatment 4DCT‐ventilation images. The post‐treatment 4DCT‐ventilation images were compared to the pretreatment 4DCT‐ventilation images for a global lung response and for an intrapatient dose–response (providing an assessment for dose‐dependent regional dose–response).ResultsFor three of the four patients, a global ventilation decline of 7–37% was observed, while one patient did not demonstrate a global functional decline. Dose–response analysis did not reveal an intrapatient dose–response from 0 to 20 Gy for three patients while one patient demonstrated increased 4DCT‐ventilation decline as a function of increasing lung doses up to 50 Gy.ConclusionsCompared to adults, pediatric patients have unique lung function, dosimetric, and toxicity profiles. The presented work is the first to evaluate spatial lung function changes in pediatric patients using 4DCT‐ventilation and showed lung function changes for three of the four patients. The early changes demonstrated with lung function imaging warrant further longitudinal work to determine whether the imaging‐based early changes can be predicted for long‐term clinical toxicity.
Host Cell Mimic Polymersomes for Rapid Detection of Highly Pathogenic Influenza Virus via a Viral Fusion and Cell Entry Mechanism
Authors: Kim Hyun‐Ouk , Na Woonsung , Yeom Minjoo , Choi Jihye , Kim Jihye , Lim Jong‐Woo , Yun Dayeon , Chun Haejin , Park Geunseon , Park Chaewon , Kim Jeong‐Ki , Jeong Dae Gwin , Le Van Phan , Lee Kwangyeol , Lee Jae Myun , Jeong Hyoung Hwa , Song Daesub , Haam Seungjoo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHighly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) infections have occurred continuously and crossed the species barrier to humans, leading to fatalities. A polymerase chain reaction based molecular test is currently the most sensitive diagnostic tool for HPAIV; however, the results must be analyzed in centralized diagnosis systems by a trained individual. This requirement leads to delays in quarantine and isolation. To control the spread of HPAIV, rapid and accurate diagnostics suitable for field testing are needed, and the tests must facilitate a differential diagnosis between HPAIV and low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV), which undergo cleavage specifically by trypsin‐ or furin‐like proteases, respectively. In this study, a differential avian influenza virus rapid test kit is developed and evaluated in vitro and using clinical specimens from HPAIV H5N1‐infected animals. It is demonstrated that this rapid test kit provides highly sensitive and specific detection of HPAIV and LPAIV and is thus a useful field diagnostic tool for H5N1 HPAIV outbreaks and for rapid quarantine control of the disease.
High‐Performance Photovoltaic Effect with Electrically Balanced Charge Carriers in Black Phosphorus and WS2 Heterojunction
Authors: Kwak Do‐Hyun , Ra Hyun‐Soo , Jeong Min‐Hye , Lee A‐Young , Lee Jong‐Soo 
Published: June 2018

Abstract2D van der Waals materials are promising for various electronic and optoelectronic devices because of their thickness‐dependent mobility and tunable bandgap. Recently, heterojunction structures based on 2D van der Waals materials have exhibited their potential for photovoltaic applications as ultrathin p–n diodes. In this study, the photovoltaic effect of a multilayer black phosphorus (BP)/WS2 p–n heterojunction device is demonstrated under the 405 nm laser illumination and the AM 1.5 solar spectrum. The diode‐like characteristics and photovoltaic effect rely on balance between charge carriers in the heterojunction device, by showing the highest performance at the balance position. The gate‐tunable heterojunction device shows a high current rectification of 103 and an external quantum efficiency of 4.4% under the 405 nm laser illumination, and a photovoltaic efficiency of 4.6% under the AM 1.5 solar spectrum. This work suggests that the balancing of the charge carriers in the 2D heterojunction p–n diode is highly prioritized to fabricate high‐performance photovoltaic device.
Recent Advances in Perovskite Micro‐ and Nanolasers
Authors: Wang Kaiyang , Wang Shuai , Xiao Shumin , Song Qinghai 
Published: June 2018

AbstractLead halide perovskites have been very promising photovoltaic materials due to their unique properties, such as high absorption coefficients, long carrier diffusion lengths, and ultralow densities of trap states, etc. Very recently, the certified power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells has been increased to 22.7%, approaching that of crystalline silicon solar cells. As direct bandgap semiconductors, lead halide perovskites also show wide‐band tunable emissions with high quantum yield, which is important for numerous practical applications, especially for the “green gap” region of conventional semiconductors such as III‐nitrides and III‐phosphides. Consequently, versatile lead halide perovskite based micro‐ and nanolasers have been proposed and experimentally demonstrated in the past few years. This review discusses the recent advances of perovskite micro‐ and nanolasers. Following their fundamentals in light confinement and material properties, perovskite micro‐ and nanolasers have been categorized into six sections, i.e., pristine lasers, structured perovskite lasers, multiphoton pumped lasers, perovskite lasers with better stability, postsynthetic control of perovskite lasers, and perovskite laser arrays. At last, future prospects for perovskite lasers are provided.
All‐Inorganic Perovskite Nanocrystals: Microscopy Insights in Structure and Optical Properties
Authors: de Weerd Chris , Gregorkiewicz Tom , Gomez Leyre 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe all‐inorganic perovskite nanocrystals are recently in the research spotlight because of their potential use in photovoltaic and optoelectronic applications, partly thanks to their excellent optical properties and low‐cost production. This progress report focuses on the performance and characteristics of individual all‐inorganic perovskite nanocrystals from a microscopy point of view. High resolution techniques enable the characterization of this promising material on the microscale, providing information concerning individual nanocrystals.
Terahertz Emission from Compensated Magnetic Heterostructures
Authors: Chen Mengji , Mishra Rahul , Wu Yang , Lee Kyusup , Yang Hyunsoo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTerahertz emission spectroscopy (TES) has recently played an important role in unveiling the spin dynamics at a terahertz (THz) frequency range. So far, ferromagnetic/nonmagnetic heterostructures have been intensively studied as THz sources. Compensated magnets such as a ferrimagnet (FIM) and antiferromagnet (AFM) are other types of magnetic materials with interesting spin dynamics. In this work, TES from compensated magnetic heterostructures including CoGd FIM alloy or IrMn AFM layers is studied. Systematic measurements on composition and temperature dependences of THz emission from CoGd/Pt bilayer structures are conducted. It is found that the emitted THz field is determined by the net spin polarization of the laser‐induced spin current rather than the net magnetization. The temperature robustness of the FIM‐based THz emitter is also demonstrated. On the other hand, an AFM plays a different role in THz emission. The IrMn/Pt bilayer shows negligible THz signals, whereas Co/IrMn induces sizable THz outputs, indicating that IrMn is not a good spin current generator, but a good detector. These results not only suggest that a compensated magnet can be utilized for robust THz emission, but also provide a new approach to study the magnetization dynamics especially near the magnetization compensation point.
Sn[B2O3F2]—The First Tin Fluorooxoborate as Possible NLO Material
Authors: Jantz Stephan G. , Dialer Marwin , Bayarjargal Lkhamsuren , Winkler Björn , van Wüllen Leo , Pielnhofer Florian , Brgoch Jakoah , Weihrich Richard , Höppe Henning A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHerein, the crystal structure as well as second‐harmonic‐generation (SHG), thermal and spectroscopic properties of Sn[B2O3F2] (TFB = tin‐fluorooxo‐borate) are presented. TFB adopts a novel non‐centrosymmetric crystal structure, which is determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (XRD) (P31m, Z = 1, a = 4.5072(2) Å, c = 4.7624(3) Å) and comprises [B2O3F2]2− layers consisting solely of BO3F tetrahedra; the covalent BF bonds are unequivocally localized via solid‐state NMR spectroscopy as well as density functional theory (DFT) calculations. TFB is insensitive to air and moisture, shows a stronger SHG intensity than K[H2PO4] (KDP) and a bandgap of ≈5 eV. The thermal decomposition yields two new borate fluorides.
Enhancement and Switching of Fano Resonance in Metamaterial
Authors: Mun Sang‐Eun , Yun Hansik , Choi Chulsoo , Kim Sun‐Je , Lee Byoungho 
Published: June 2018

AbstractExcitation and manipulation of Fano resonances in plasmonic nanostructure have attracted considerable attention due to its capability of degrees of freedom in artificial design especially for spectral positions and quality factors (Q factors). To utilize the high Q factor of Fano resonances in practical applications, their sharp peaks or dips should be well detected, which means a high intensity of resonance line shape. Thus far, the realization of Fano resonant nanostructure with both the high Q factor and the intensity to overcome the trade‐off between them remains a challenge. This study both numerically and experimentally demonstrates that the high Q factor and Fano intensity are simultaneously sustained in near‐infrared region. A Fano metamaterial consisting of gold double nanorods and film with dielectric spacer between them to enhance the Fano resonance is proposed. Due to their strong near‐field coupling, the performance of the Fano resonance is significantly improved and the intensities of in‐phase and out‐of‐phase plasmonic resonances can be flexibly manipulated by easily changing the angle of incident light. These results show a novel approach with important implications of Fano resonances for realizing practical applications in optical sensing including chemical or biomedical sensors, enhanced spectroscopy, and nonlinear optical devices.
Water‐Soluble Hybrid Graphene Ink for Gravure‐Printed Planar Supercapacitors
Authors: Chang Quanhong , Li Lemei , Sai Liman , Shi Wangzhou , Huang Lei 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFlexible printed all‐solid‐state graphene‐based planar supercapacitors have attracted great attentions for their potential applications in portable and wearable electronics. However, the limited ion accessible surface area and slow ion diffusion rate lead to low specific capacitance and poor rate performance. Increasing the diffussion of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)‐based gel electrolyte into the printed graphene microelectrodes is a great challenge for improving its energy storage. In this work, the hydrophilic N‐doped graphene combining with the PVA‐H3PO4 gel electrolyte is attempted to assemble to a stabilized water‐soluble graphene@PVA‐H3PO4 hybrid ink formulation for gravure‐printed planar supercapacitors. Through optimizing the ink properties and investigating the physical interaction between the ink and gravure cells, graphene@PVA‐H3PO4 microelectrodes are successfully gravure printed. The improved accessibility of electrolyte ions to the active surfaces of graphene in the printed microelectrodes leads to the enhanced electrochemical performance of the flexible planar supercapacitors. The increased areal capacitance of 37.5 mF cm−2 is achieved at a scan rate of 5 mV s−1. The maximum energy density of 5.20 µWh cm−2 is obtained at the areal power density of 3.2 mW cm−2, corresponding to a volumetric energy density of 2.08 mWh cm−3.
Effect of Alkyl‐Chain Length on Charge Transport Properties of Organic Semiconductors and Organic Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Hu Yuanyuan , Cao David Xi , Lill Alexander T. , Jiang Lang , Di Chong‐An , Gao Xike , Sirringhaus Henning , Nguyen Thuc‐Quyen 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe molecular structure and electrical properties of two n‐type organic small molecules which have the same core but different alkyl chains are compared. The effect of the length of alkyl chains on charge transport along the alkyl‐chain stacking direction (out‐of‐plane) is investigated by a combination of techniques. The results show that a longer alkyl chain corresponds to lower out‐of‐plane mobility (µout‐of‐plane). More importantly, it is found that this effect not only plays a significant role in affecting the performance of diode‐structure devices such as organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) or organic photovoltaics (OPVs), but also has profound influence on the performance of organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs), especially for OFETs which are in staggered configuration.
Electrochromic Metal Oxides: Recent Progress and Prospect
Authors: Wu Wei , Wang Man , Ma Jianmin , Cao Yuliang , Deng Yonghong 
Published: June 2018

AbstractElectrochromism has received increasing attention due to its unique electrochromic feature and the induced applications. This review provides an overview on the recent developments in the synthesis and application of the electrochromic metal oxides in smart windows, display devices, e‐skins, and multifunctional energy storage devices. The main cathodic and anodic electrochromic metal oxides are surveyed here, with the discussion of representative examples in details. The current state‐of‐the‐art research activities of the derived multifunctional electrochromic devices are highlighted, i.e., material systems, components, structures, morphology, the resulting performance, etc. Major challenges and potential solutions are also discussed. Additionally, the future perspective on the development trends in electrochromic metal oxides and the commercialization of relevant devices is also proposed.
Ultrafast Aqueous Potassium‐Ion Batteries Cathode for Stable Intermittent Grid‐Scale Energy Storage
Authors: Ren Wenhao , Chen Xianjue , Zhao Chuan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe inherent short‐term transience of solar and wind sources cause significant challenges for the electricity grid. Energy storage systems that can simultaneously provide high power, long cycle life, and high energy efficiency are required to accommodate the fast‐changing output fluctuations. Here, an ultrafast aqueous K‐ion battery based on the potassium‐rich mesoporous nickel ferrocyanide (II) (K2NiFe(CN)6·1.2H2O) is developed. This battery achieves an unprecedented rate capability up to 500 C (8214 W kg−1), which only takes 4.1 s for one charge or discharge. The open‐framework structure of K2NiFe(CN)6·1.2H2O with small volume variation supports the capacity retention of 98.6% after 5000 cycles, and a superior round‐trip energy efficiency of 95.6% at a 5 C rate. Beyond monovalent ion storage, K2NiFe(CN)6·1.2H2O can also function as a versatile high‐rate cathode for divalent‐ion batteries (Mg2+), trivalent‐ion batteries (Al3+), and hybrid full‐cells applications. These properties represent a significant step forward in the exploitation of ultrafast metal ions storage, and accelerate the development of intermittent grid‐scale energy storage technologies.
Combined neuropathological pathways account for age‐related risk of dementia
Authors: Power Melinda C. , Mormino Elizabeth , Soldan Anja , James Bryan D. , Yu Lei , Armstrong Nicole M. , Bangen Katherine J. , Delano‐Wood Lisa , Lamar Melissa , Lim Yen Ying , Nudelman Kelly , Zahodne Laura , Gross Alden L. , Mungas Dan , Widaman Keith F. , Schneider Julie 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveOur objectives were to characterize the inter‐relation of known dementia‐related neuropathologies in one comprehensive model and quantify the extent to which accumulation of neuropathologies accounts for the association between age and dementia.MethodsWe used data from 1,362 autopsied participants of three community‐based clinicopathological cohorts: the Religious Orders Study, the Rush Memory and Aging Project, and the Minority Aging Research Study. We estimated a series of structural equation models summarizing a priori hypothesized neuropathological pathways between age and dementia risk individually and collectively.ResultsAt time of death (mean age, 89 years), 44% of our sample had a clinical dementia diagnosis. When considered individually, our vascular, amyloid/tau, neocortical Lewy body, and TAR DNA‐binding protein 43 (TDP‐43)/hippocampal sclerosis pathology pathways each accounted for a substantial proportion of the association between age and dementia. When considered collectively, the four pathways fully accounted for all variance in dementia risk previously attributable to age. Pathways involving amyloid/tau, neocortical Lewy bodies, and TDP‐43/hippocampal sclerosis were interdependent, attributable to the importance of amyloid beta plaques in all three. The importance of the pathways varied, with the vascular pathway accounting for 32% of the association between age and dementia, wheraes the remaining three inter‐related degenerative pathways together accounted for 68% (amyloid/tau, 24%; the Lewy body, 1%; and TDP‐43/hippocampal sclerosis, 43%).InterpretationAge‐related increases in dementia risk can be attributed to accumulation of multiple pathologies, each of which contributes to dementia risk. Multipronged approaches may be necessary if we are to develop effective therapies. Ann Neurol 2018;84:10–22