bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Origin and significance of cosmogenic signatures in vesicles of lunar basalt 15016
Authors: Bekaert David V. , Avice Guillaume , Marty Bernard 
Published: March 2018

AbstractLunar basalt 15016 (~3.3 Ga) is among the most vesicular (50% by volume) basalts recovered by the Apollo missions. We investigated the possible occurrence of indigenous lunar nitrogen and noble gases trapped in vesicles within basalt 15016, by crushing several cm‐sized chips. Matrix/mineral gases were also extracted from crush residues by fusion with a CO2 laser. No magmatic/primordial component could be identified; all isotope compositions, including those of vesicles, pointed to a cosmogenic origin. We found that vesicles contained ~0.2%, ~0.02%, ~0.002%, and ~0.02% of the total amount of cosmogenic 21Ne, 38Ar, 83Kr, and 126Xe, respectively, produced over the basalt's 300 Myr of exposure. Diffusion/recoil of cosmogenic isotopes from the basaltic matrix/minerals to intergrain joints and vesicles is discussed. The enhanced proportion of cosmogenic Xe isotopes relative to Kr detected in vesicles could be the result of kinetic fractionation, through which preferential retention of Xe isotopes over Kr within vesicles might have occurred during diffusion from the vesicle volume to the outer space through microleaks. This study suggests that cosmogenic loss, known to be significant for 3He and 21Ne, and to a lesser extent for 36Ar (Signer et al. ), also occurs to a negligible extent for the heaviest noble gases Kr and Xe.
The oxygen isotope compositions of olivine in main group (MG) pallasites: New measurements by adopting an improved laser fluorination approach
Authors: Ali Arshad , Jabeen Iffat , Banerjee Neil R. , Osinski Gordon R. , Nicklin Ian , Gregory David , Herrmann Patrick 
Published: March 2018

AbstractOxygen isotope measurements of olivine in main group (MG) pallasites by traditional laser fluorination method are associated with some uncertainties including terrestrial weathering, incomplete olivine reaction, and sample state. We improved our laser fluorination approach by pretreating olivine grains with acid to remove terrestrial weathering products and by modifying the sample holder for an efficient and complete laser reaction. Our experiments on Brahin olivine demonstrate that acid‐washing successfully removes the terrestrial weathering with <0.1‰ variation in δ18O value and, at the same time, improving the ∆17O value significantly. We also achieved a complete olivine fluorination by employing a custom‐designed sample holder with “V”‐shaped profile having rounded bottom because incomplete/partial reaction of olivine gives comparatively lighter δ18O values. Using these new techniques, we present precise triple oxygen isotope data (N = 72) of 25 olivine samples separated from main group pallasites. The data are, on average, ~0.5‰ heavier in δ18O relative to the values published in the literature for the same samples. Critically, the ∆17O values of MG pallasites and to some extent their Fo‐contents suggest that there are at least two populations of olivine. Based on our improved data set, we propose that MG pallasites potentially have high‐∆17O‐ and low‐∆17O‐bearing subgroups that are statistically distinct. The subgroups present average ∆17O values of −0.166 ± 0.003 (2SE; N = 16) and −0.220 ± 0.003 (2SE; N = 9), respectively. Furthermore, the high‐∆17O‐bearing subgroup samples trend toward lower Fo‐contents compared to the other subgroup. Taken together, our data provide evidence that argues against a single parent body origin for MG pallasites.
British Neuropathological Society and International Society of Forensic Radiology and Imaging expert consensus statement for post mortem neurological imaging
Authors: Shelmerdine S. C. , Hutchinson J. C. , Al‐Sarraj S. , Cary N. , Dawson T. , Du Plessis D. , Ince P. G. , McLaughlin S. , Palm L. , Smith C. , Stoodley N. , van Rijn R. , Arthurs O. J. , Jacques T. S. ,   the British Neuropathological Society and International Society of Forensic Radiology and Imaging
Published: March 2018

AimsTo develop an expert consensus statement regarding appropriate clinical and forensic post mortem neurological imaging.MethodsAn expert panel of clinicians were recruited from registered members of the British Neuropathological Society (BNS) and the International Society of Forensic Radiology and Imaging (ISFRI) with post mortem expertise. Following a focus group meeting, 16 core statements were incorporated into an online modified Delphi survey and each panellist was asked to score their level of agreement. Following the first iteration, two statements that failed to reach consensus were modified and re‐rated. Consensus was predefined as 75% agreement across responders.ResultsSeventeen experts joined the panel and 12 (70.6%) attended the focus group meeting; 14 (82%) completed both iterations of the survey. Consensus was reached for need of adequate clinical history, multidisciplinary discussion, establishment of special interest groups to discuss cases, gathering further evidence to inform imaging choices, establishment of methods for quality assessment in reporting standards and adequate funding for imaging services. The panel agreed that pathologists should be responsible for neuroimaging referrals, collating results of ancillary tests, and producing the final post mortem report. Areas requiring further discussion include the impact of double reporting, indications for neuroimaging and utilities of three‐dimensional printing.ConclusionThe BNS/ISFRI statement represents current views of an expert panel of health professionals engaged in post‐mortem neuroimaging. We hope this provides a working guideline for less experienced operators, stimulates discussion and highlights the most pressing clinical and research questions.
Management of patients with severe Epstein syndrome: Review of four patients who received living‐donor renal transplantation
Authors: Hashimoto Junya , Hamasaki Yuko , Takahashi Yusuke , Kubota Mai , Yanagisawa Taketo , Itabashi Yoshihiro , Muramatsu Masaki , Kawamura Takeshi , Kumagai Naonori , Ohwada Yoko , Sakai Ken , Shishido Seiichiro 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTAimEpstein syndrome is a hereditary disease characterized by macrothrombocytopaenia and progressive nephritis. The abnormality of the MYH9 gene has a strong relationship to the severity of the disease. Severe Epstein syndrome progresses to end‐stage renal disease rapidly after adolescence. There is no established therapy. We sought to clarify appropriate management of Epstein syndrome nephropathy.MethodsEpstein syndrome patients who underwent renal transplantation at our institution between March 2009 and March 2017 were enrolled. Epstein syndrome was diagnosed based on clinical features and genetic testing. Patient medical records were reviewed retrospectively.ResultsFour male patients with Epstein syndrome, all with severe MYH9 gene mutations (p.R702C in three and p.S96L in one), were enrolled. Despite treatment with renin–angiotensin system blockers, nephropathy was refractory and progressed rapidly, and the patients required dialysis or renal transplantation after adolescence. Early preparation for treatment based on early and accurate diagnosis of Epstein syndrome enabled two patients to undergo pre‐emptive renal transplantation. For these patients, we kept the platelet count above 100 × 109/L until day 7 after renal transplantation with platelet transfusions for macrothrombocytopaenia, and no postoperative bleeding episodes occurred.ConclusionEpstein syndrome nephropathy due to a severe MYH9 gene mutation can be refractory and progress rapidly; therefore, early and accurate diagnosis is important for safer therapeutic options including pre‐emptive renal transplantation. By keeping the platelet count above 100 × 109/L during the perioperative period, renal transplantation can be a safe treatment option for severe Epstein syndrome nephropathy.
N–2 repetition leads to a cost within working memory and a benefit outside it
Authors: Kessler Yoav 
Published: March 2018

AbstractRemoval has been suggested to play a key role in controlling the contents of working memory. The present study examined the aftereffects of removal in a working memory updating task. Participants performed the reference‐back paradigm, a version of the n‐back task that is composed of two trial types: reference trials that required working memory updating and comparison trials that did not require updating. N–2 repetition effects—the difference in performance between trials that presented the same stimulus as the one presented two trials before (ABA sequences) and trials in which the stimulus differed from the two previous stimuli (ABC sequences)—were examined. In two experiments, n–2 repetition costs were observed within sequences of reference trials, while n–2 repetition benefits were observed within sequences of comparison trials. This pattern suggests that removal takes place during working memory updating. Furthermore, automatic formation and updating of representation outside working memory, which takes place in comparison trials and gives rise to n–2 repetition benefits, does not involve removal. Removal, demonstrated by phenomena such as n–2 repetition costs, is therefore proposed to be a marker for the utilization of working memory within a given task.
Hyperbrain network properties of guitarists playing in quartet
Authors: Müller Viktor , Sänger Johanna , Lindenberger Ulman 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWhen playing music in an ensemble, musicians need to precisely coordinate their actions with one another. As shown in our previous studies on guitar duets, interbrain synchronization plays an essential role during such interactions. In this study, we simultaneously recorded electroencephalograms from four guitarists during quartet playing, to explore the extent and the functional significance of synchronized cortical activity across four brains. We found that hyperbrain networks based on intra‐ and interbrain connectivity across four brains dwell on higher frequencies for intrabrain communication and on lower frequencies for interbrain connections. The hyperbrain networks show small‐world topology, with a tendency to become more random at lower frequencies and more regular at higher frequencies, such that local efficiency increases and global efficiency decreases with higher frequencies. We identified two different types of information flow within the hyperbrain networks—intra‐ versus intermodular—which are based on hyperbrain modules that include nodes from two, three, or even four brains. Furthermore, we found that hyperbrain networks are unstable and change their structure over time, often as a function of musical context. Our findings demonstrate complex hyperbrain network interactions in a guitar quartet and point to mechanisms that support temporally coordinated joint action.
Craniofacial structures' development in prenatal period: An MRI study
Authors: Begnoni G. , Serrao G. , Musto F. , Pellegrini G. , Triulzi F. M. , Dellavia C. 
Published: March 2018

Structured AbstractIntroductionThe development of skeletal structures (cranial base, upper and lower) and upper airways spaces (oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal) of the skull has always been an issue of great interest in orthodontics. Foetal MRI images obtained as screening exam during pregnancy can help to understand the development of these structures using a sample cephalometric analysis.Material and MethodsA total of 28 MRI images in sagittal section of foetuses from 20th to 32th weeks of gestation were obtained to dispel doubts about the presence of skeletal malformations. Cephalometric measurements were performed on MRI T2‐dependent images acquired with a 1.5 T scanner. The Software Osirix 5 permits to study sagittal and vertical dimensions of the skull analysing linear measurements, angles and areas of the skeletal structures.ResultsVertical and sagittal dimension of cranial base, maxilla and mandible grow significantly (P < .01) between the second and third trimester of gestational period as well as nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal spaces (P < .05). High correlation between the development of anterior cranial base and functional areas devoted to speech and swallow is demonstrated (r: .97).ConclusionsThe development of craniofacial structures during foetal period seems to show a close correlation between skeletal features and functional spaces with a peak between the second and third trimester of gestation. MRI images result helpful for the clinician to detect with a sample cephalometric analysis anomalies of skeletal and functional structures during prenatal period.
Epidemiology of general anesthesia prior to age 3 in a population‐based birth cohort
Authors: Shi Yu , Hu Danqing , Rodgers Erin L. , Katusic Slavica K. , Gleich Stephen J. , Hanson Andrew C. , Schroeder Darrell R. , Flick Randall P. , Warner David O. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryBackgroundUtilization of general anesthesia in children has important policy, economic, and healthcare delivery implications, yet there is little information regarding the epidemiology of these procedures in the United States.AimsThe primary objective of this study was to describe in a geographically defined population the incidence of procedures requiring general anesthesia up to the child's third birthday, and the patient characteristics associated with receiving these procedures. A secondary objective was to determine the proportion of children in the population who meet the risk criteria promulgated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).MethodsA retrospective cohort of children born from 1994 to 2007 in Olmsted County, MN was established. Birth certificate information and receipt of general anesthesia before age 3 were collected. Proportional hazard regressions were performed to evaluate the association between characteristics of children and incidence of general anesthesia.ResultsAmong the 20 922 children in the cohort, 3120 (14.9%) underwent at least 1 general anesthesia before age 3. In multivariate regression, factors independently associated with receiving at least 1 procedure included prematurity, male sex, lower birth weight, cesarean delivery, a non‐Hispanic mother, and a White mother, controlling for multiple gestation, number of children previously born, age, education, and marital status of the mother. Seven hundred and twenty‐three children (3.5%) had at least 1 subsequent procedure. Estimated gestational age <32 weeks and low birth weight were independently associated with receiving repeated anesthesia. Eight hundred and twenty children (3.9%) had a single prolonged exposure above 3 hours, multiple exposures prior to age 3, or both.ConclusionApproximately 1 in 7 children were exposed to at least 1 episode of general anesthesia before age 3, and approximately 1 in 4 children who received general anesthesia fall within the high‐risk category as defined by the recent FDA warning. The apparent disparities in surgical utilization related to race and ethnicity in this study population deserve further exploration.
Kantian Schemata: A Critique Consistent with the Critique
Authors: Champagne Marc 
Published: March 2018

AbstractKant posits the schema as a hybrid bridging the generality of pure concepts and the particularity of sensible intuitions. However, I argue that countenancing such schemata leads to a third‐man regress. Siding with those who think that the mid‐way posit of the Critique of Pure Reason's schematism section is untenable, my diagnosis is that Kant's transcendental inquiry goes awry because it attempts to analyse a form/matter union that is primitive. I therefore sketch a nonrepresentational stance aimed at respecting this primitivity.
Decrease in artificial tanning by French teenagers: 2011‐2016
Authors: Say Matthieu , Beauchet Alain , Vouldoukis Ioannis , Beauchet Pascale , Boudet Monique , Tella Emilie , Mahé Emmanuel 
Published: March 2018

SummaryBackgroundThe major risk factor for skin cancers is exposure to solar and artificial ultraviolet radiation, in particular during childhood and adolescence. In France, a law was restricted for tanning‐bed access to adults (≥18 years) since 1997.ObjectiveTo evaluate teenagers’ artificial tanning behaviour in 2016 and to compare results with those obtained in a similar survey performed in 2011.MethodsThe SOLADO 2011 and 2016 surveys were conducted in a general school in Antony and a technical school in Fontenay‐aux‐Roses (Paris suburb).ResultsIn 2016, 630 teenagers (mean age: 14.2 ± 1.9 y: Males/Females: 301/329) completed the questionnaire, 1.3% of teenagers reported using tanning beds, 1.1% tanning pills and 8.9% tanning creams. Between 2011 and 2016, the use of tanning beds decreased from 1.4% to 0.7% in Antony (P = .26) and from 9.5% to 4.8% in Fontenay‐aux‐Roses (P = .01), and the use of tanning creams from 39.8% to 17.6% in Fontenay‐aux‐Rose (P = .0007). The incidence of sunburn decreased from 60.5% to 54.0% in Antony (P = .02) and from 55.4% to 42.4% in Fontenay‐aux‐Roses (P = .05).ConclusionAs compared to 2011, teenagers used artificial tanning methods less frequently in 2016. In particular, they used tanning beds less frequently, suggesting that the new stricter legislation has been effective.
Phototherapy as a first‐line treatment for early‐stage mycosis fungoides: The results of a large retrospective analysis
Authors: Nikolaou Vasiliki , Sachlas Athanasios , Papadavid Evangelia , Economidi Afroditi , Karambidou Konstantina , Marinos Leonidas , Stratigos Alexander , Antoniou Christina 
Published: March 2018

SummaryBackgroundPhototherapy is one of the main treatments for mycosis fungoides (MF). In this study, we analyzed the efficacy and safety of phototherapy as a first‐line treatment in patients with early‐stage disease.MethodsWe analyzed treatment outcomes in a group of 227 early‐stage patients. The chi‐squared test, the parametric t test, and ANOVA test and the non‐parametric tests of Mann‐Whitney and Kruskal‐Wallis were applied for data analysis.Results55.9% of patients treated with UVB‐NB reached complete remission (CR), while analog rates after PUVA treatment were 74.5% (P = .015). Patients with patch‐stage disease showed better response rates to PUVA compared to UVB‐NB therapy (CRs 56.7% vs 91.3%, P < .001). Regarding the latter, long‐lasting disease was proven as an independent negative prognostic factor for treatment outcome. Phototypes I and II were found to be favorable prognostic factors for patients treated with PUVA. Maintenance treatment did not alter final relapse rates but led to prolonged time to relapse compared to no‐maintenance treated cases (19.5 months, vs 32.3, P < .002).ConclusionOur analysis indicates that PUVA leads to better responses and longer relapse‐free intervals both in patch‐ and plaque‐stage disease. UVB‐NB could be a valid therapeutic alternative for patients with recent disease presentation.
Digital technologies and the biomedicalisation of everyday activities: The case of walking and cycling
Authors: Carter Simon , Green Judith , Speed Ewen 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWalking and cycling have been transformed by digital technologies, which range from mapping apps for wayfinding, through ‘wearables’ which monitor activity, to social media apps for comparing activity within social groups. Some technologies are explicitly orientated to health projects, others are not, yet all have potentially profound effects on bodies, health‐orientated identities, and understandings of health.This paper uses the concept of biomedicalisation to explore emerging literature on the intersection of digital technologies with everyday mobility, focusing on walking and cycling. Beyond simply ‘medicalising’ mobility (by bringing it into the realm of public health), digital technologies contribute to various transformations of health: encouraging some health practices, inhibiting others; creating or excluding individual and collective health‐related identities; and reconfiguring health and well‐being. There is research evidence on the contingent and multiple relationships between digital technologies and social practices, with specific themes including quantification; the role of apps in framing walking as extraordinary, cycling as competitive; enabling users to perform as healthy, neoliberal citizens; and digital careers. There has been less attention on how social divisions are reproduced or disrupted by the mediation of mobility through digital technologies. Further research should consider the impact of digital technologies on political economies of health.
Characteristics of rumors and rumor victims in early adolescence: Rumor content and social impact
Authors: Malamut Sarah T. , Dawes Molly , Xie Hongling 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDespite the prominence of rumor spreading in early adolescence, little research has examined the features of rumors during this developmental period. To address this gap in the literature, we analyzed rumor reports in a longitudinal study from fifth to seventh grades to identify subtypes of rumor content and to investigate gender and grade differences, the social impact of rumors, and victims’ social status across rumor content. In seventh grade, a higher proportion of girls were victims of sexual activity rumors whereas a higher proportion of boys were victims of sexual orientation rumors. There were significantly more sexual activity rumors in seventh grade than fifth and sixth grade. In sixth and seventh grade, sexual activity rumors had higher social impact compared to all other rumors. Higher social status was found for victims of romantic rumors in fifth grade, for victims of personal/physical characteristics rumors in sixth grade, and for victims of sexual activity rumors in seventh grade. These findings provide critical insight into rumors across early adolescence and add to growing evidence that victims of aggressive behavior may have high social status. The importance of incorporating multiple methods for assessing victimization and implications for awareness of rumor spreading are discussed.
Evolution of Export Product Space in China: Technological Relatedness, National/Local Governance and Regional Industrial Diversification
Authors: He Canfei , Zhu Shengjun 
Published: March 2018

AbstractRegions tend to develop new products that are related to pre‐existing industrial structure. This stresses the critical role of relatedness in regional industrial diversification. Governments can also strongly affect the evolution of regional industrial structure by using a variety of industrial policies. Based on China's custom product level data, this study explores the evolution of China's export product space during 2000–2011. Econometric analyses suggest that the evolution of export product space in China is heavily driven by relatedness between export products, indicating that regional industrial diversification is path‐dependent. Chinese national and local governments can exert significant influence on the evolution of export products by using export and FDI‐related policies and by establishing development zones. More importantly, national and local governments have played conflicting roles in China's regional industrial dynamics.