bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survivorship and Functional Outcomes of Cementless versus Cemented Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Newman Jared M. , Sodhi Nipun , Dekis Joanne C. , Khlopas Anton , Piuzzi Nicolas S. , Sultan Assem A. , Levin Jay M. , Mont Michael A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this meta-analysis was to assess the evidence supporting the use of cementless versus cemented total knee arthroplasties (TKAs). Specifically, we evaluated (1) all-cause survivorship, (2) aseptic survivorship, and (3) functional outcomes (Knee Society Scores [KSS], Oxford Knee Scores, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index [WOMAC] scores, and ranges of motion [ROMs]). A literature search was performed for studies that evaluated cementless versus cemented TKAs published between 2000 and 2017. Selected studies included three randomized controlled trials, three retrospective observational studies, and one prospective observational study that met the following criteria: (1) primary TKAs, (2) compared cementless and cemented TKAs, (3) implant survivorship that described the causes of failure, and (4) at least one functional outcome. To compare the two cohorts, pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were used to calculate tibial and femoral implant survivorship, and pooled mean differences (MD) and 95% CI calculated the functional scores and ROMs. Based on pooled data from the few number of studies, cementless TKAs had a better all-cause survivorship (OR = 0.37; 95% CI, 0.15–0.92) and tended to have a better aseptic survivorship (OR = 0.44; 95% CI, 0.17–1.14). However, this is likely due to the 83.3% weight of the single cementless study potentially influencing the analysis. There were no differences in terms of KSS knee (MD = 1.03; 95% CI, −1.13–3.20) or function scores (MD = 5.36; 95% CI, –3.75–14.51), Oxford knee scores (MD = 0.36; 95% CI, –3.84–4.56), or WOMAC scores (MD = 0.62; 95% CI, –0.87–2.11). Moreover, there was no difference in ROMs (MD = 1.47; 95% CI, –0.11–3.05). Cementless TKA had a better all-cause survivorship when compared with cemented fixation, and similar functional outcomes were demonstrated. However, these findings are based on only a few number of studies (n = 7). Therefore, additional prospective, randomized control trials need to be performed to best compare cementless versus cemented outcomes.
Therapeutic Targeting of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Atherogenic Inflammation
Authors: Van Avondt Kristof , Maegdefessel Lars , Soehnlein Oliver 
Published: February 2019

AbstractNeutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have a robust relationship with atherothrombotic disease risk, which led to the idea that interfering with the release of NETs therapeutically would ameliorate atherosclerosis. In human studies, acute coronary events and the pro-thrombotic state cause markedly elevated levels of circulating deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and chromatin, suggesting that DNase I might produce cardiovascular benefit. DNase I reproduced the phenotype of peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) deficiency and showed a significant benefit for atherothrombotic disease in experimental mouse models. However, the mechanisms of benefit remain unclear. Insights into the mechanisms underlying NET release and atherogenic inflammation have come from transgenic mouse studies. In particular, the importance of neutrophil NET formation in promoting atherothrombotic disease has been shown and linked to profound pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic effects, complement activation and endothelial dysfunction. Recent studies have shown that myeloid deficiency of PAD4 leads to diminished NET formation, which in turn protects against atherosclerosis burden, propagation of its thrombotic complications and notably macrophage inflammation in plaques. In addition, oxidative stress and neutrophil cholesterol accumulation have emerged as important factors driving NET release, likely involving mitochondrial reactive oxidants and neutrophil inflammasome activation. Further elucidation of the mechanisms linking hyperlipidaemia to the release of NETs may lead to the development of new therapeutics specifically targeting atherogenic inflammation, with likely benefit for cardiovascular diseases.
Recruitment of APOL1 kidney disease risk variants to lipid droplets attenuates cell toxicity
Authors: Chun Justin , Zhang Jia-Yue , Wilkins Maris S. , Subramanian Balajikarthick , Riella Cristian , Magraner Jose M. , Alper Seth L. , Friedman David J. , Pollak Martin R. 
Published: February 2019

Significance
Specific APOL1 variants are a strong risk factor for human kidney disease. Previous reports examining the intracellular localization of the APOL1 protein in kidney and glomerular podocytes have yielded inconsistent results. Here we demonstrate differential localization of wild-type and risk variant APOL1 polypeptides, with the wild type localizing predominantly to lipid droplets and risk variant forms localizing predominantly to the endoplasmic reticulum. We further demonstrate that the localization of risk variant APOL1 modulates cytotoxic effects, and that perturbations increasing lipid droplet localization of risk variant polypeptides decrease this cytotoxicity. These findings have significant implications for understanding the disease mechanism of APOL1-associated kidney disease and for development of new therapeutic approaches.
Managing St John's - working for the greater good.
Authors: Munro D. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

This chapter relates the success story of St John's Co-Cathedral in Valetta, Malta which went from a dilapidated state to a level of development deserving its historic status. It is indicated that having a vision was the crucial aspect to St John's success, besides the issue of a holistic approach, in which capital works and daily management must be in sync. St John's introduced the 'pay or pray' system, with the money from entry fees contributing to the restoration of the church-museum.
Environmental enrichment to improve behaviour in farm animals.
Authors: Orihuela A. , Mota-Rojas D. , Velarde A. , Strappini-Asteggiano A. , Vega L. T. de la , Borderas-Tordesillas F. , Alonso-Spilsbury M. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Domestic animals under close confinement conditions frequently display abnormal behaviour, particularly if they are unable to escape from, or adapt to this situation. With the increased interest in domestic farm animal welfare from both the political and societal agendas, environmental enrichment (EE) is becoming an interesting solution, offering an alternative not only to optimize the welfare of the animals but to improve the animals' performance. In general, the development of more intensive production systems and specialized techniques has provided benefits in terms of productivity, but at the expense of the behavioural needs and welfare of kept animals. In intensive farming, welfare concerns are still often related to barren environments and crowded conditions. Producers need to balance the requirements to improve welfare conditions on the farm with practical considerations. This paper provides a review of the scientific literature, focusing on recent advances on the welfare-relevant consequences of EE on harmful social behaviours due to intensively farmed confinement in pigs, laying hens and dairy calves, including a discussion with regard to their relevance and suitability.
Ideology and power in TPLF’s Ethiopia: A historic reversal in the making?
Authors: Gebregziabher Tefera Negash 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF) has led Ethiopia for close to three decades as a core party within the Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) coalition. Various ideological claims permeated the consolidation of power by the TPLF, which now seems to be questioned by the new leadership in the EPRDF. This article locates the critical junctures in the history of the party and analyses how those junctures relate to power concentration rather than to ideological shifts as purported by the party. It argues that the circumstances surrounding the ‘shifts’ in ideologies by the TPLF show that ideologies were used to consolidate power within the party and later impose domination at the state level. A thorough investigation of the ideological history of the TPLF is crucial as Ethiopia seems to be standing at a critical ideological crossroad. Through a deep hermeneutic interpretation, the article concludes that leftist ideological threads such as a focus on vanguard rule, party-directed economy, and Stalinist understandings of ethnicity run throughout the ideological shifts of the TPLF. The article synthesizes the cosmetic ideological shifts in the context of a pragmatic party that has been applying market socialism.
Impact of errors of creatinine and cystatin C equations in the selection of living kidney donors
Authors: González-Rinne Ana , Luis-Lima Sergio , Escamilla Beatriz , Negrín-Mena Natalia , Ramírez Ana , Morales Adelaida , Vega Nicanor , García Patricia , Cabello Elisa , Marrero-Miranda Domingo , Aldea-Perona Ana , Alvarez Alejandra , Abad María del Carmen , Pérez-Tamajón Lourdes , González-Rinne Federico , González-Delgado Alejandra , Díaz Martín Laura , Jiménez-Sosa Alejandro , Torres Armando , Porrini Esteban 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundReliable determination of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is crucial in the evaluation of living kidney donors. Although some guidelines recommend the use of measured GFR (mGFR), many centres still rely on estimated GFR (eGFR) obtained through equations or 24-h creatinine clearance. However, eGFR is neither accurate nor precise in reflecting real renal function. We analysed the impact of eGFR errors on evaluation and decision making regarding potential donors.MethodsWe evaluated 103 consecutive living donors who underwent mGFR via iohexol plasma clearance and eGFR by 51 creatinine- and/or cystatin C–based equations. The cut-off for living donation in our centre is GFR > 80 mL/min for donors >35 years of age or 90 mL/min for those <35 years of age. We analysed the misclassification of donors based on the cut-off for donation-based eGFR.ResultsNinety-three subjects (90.3%) had mGFR values above (donors) and 10 [9.7% (95% confidence interval 5.4–17)] below (non-donors) the cut-off. In non-donors, most of the equations gave eGFR values above the cut-off, so donation would have been allowed based on eGFR. All non-donors were female with reduced weight, height and body surface. In donors, up to 32 cases showed eGFR below the cut-off, while mGFR was actually higher. Therefore an important number of donors would not have donated based on eGFR alone.ConclusionThe misclassification of donors around the cut-off for donation is very common with eGFR, making eGFR unreliable for the evaluation of living kidney donors. Whenever possible, mGFR should be implemented in this setting.
A European study on decellularized homografts for pulmonary valve replacement: initial results from the prospective ESPOIR Trial and ESPOIR Registry data†
Authors: Boethig Dietmar , Horke Alexander , Hazekamp Mark , Meyns Bart , Rega Filip , Van Puyvelde Joeri , Hübler Michael , Schmiady Martin , Ciubotaru Anatol , Stellin Giovanni , Padalino Massimo , Tsang Viktor , Jashari Ramadan , Bobylev Dmitry , Tudorache Igor , Cebotari Serghei , Haverich Axel , Sarikouch Samir 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Decellularized pulmonary homografts (DPH) have shown excellent results for pulmonary valve replacement. However, controlled multicentre studies are lacking to date.

METHODS
Prospective European multicentre trial evaluating DPH for pulmonary valve replacement. Matched comparison of DPH to bovine jugular vein (BJV) conduits and cryopreserved homografts (CH) considering patient age, type of heart defect and previous procedures.

RESULTS
In total, 121 patients (59 female) were prospectively enrolled (August 2014–December 2016), age 21.3 ± 14.4 years, DPH diameter 24.4 ± 2.8 mm. No adverse events occurred with respect to surgical handling; there were 2 early deaths (30 + 59 years) due to myocardial failure after multi-valve procedures and no late mortality (1.7% mortality). After a mean follow-up of 2.2 ± 0.6 years, the primary efficacy end points mean peak gradient (16.1 ± 12.1 mmHg) and regurgitation (mean 0.25 ± 0.48, grade 0–3) were excellent. One reoperation was required for recurrent subvalvular stenosis caused by a pericardial patch and 1 balloon dilatation was performed on a previously stented LPA. 100% follow-up for DPH patients operated before or outside the trial (n = 114) included in the ESPOIR Registry, age 16.6 ± 10.4 years, diameter 24.1 ± 4.2 mm, follow-up 5.1 ± 3.0 years. The combined DPH cohort, n = 235, comprising both Trial and Registry data showed significantly better freedom from explantation (DPH 96.7 ± 2.1%, CH 84.4 ± 3.2%, P = 0.029 and BJV 82.7 ± 3.2%, P = 0.012) and less structural valve degeneration at 10 years when matched to CH, n = 235 and BJV, n = 235 (DPH 61.4 ± 6.6%, CH 39.9 ± 4.4%, n.s., BJV 47.5 ± 4.5%, P = 0.029).
CONCLUSIONS: Initial results of the prospective multicentre ESPOIR Trial showed DPH to be safe and efficient. Current DPH results including Registry data were superior to BJV and CH.
Trial registration clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT 02035540.
Physiological and biochemical responses of Thalassiosira weissflogii (diatom) to seawater acidification and alkalization
Authors: Li Futian , Fan Jiale , Hu Lili , Beardall John , Xu Juntian 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIncreasing atmospheric pCO2 leads to seawater acidification, which has attracted considerable attention due to its potential impact on the marine biological carbon pump and function of marine ecosystems. Alternatively, phytoplankton cells living in coastal waters might experience increased pH/decreased pCO2 (seawater alkalization) caused by metabolic activities of other photoautotrophs, or after microalgal blooms. Here we grew Thalassiosira weissflogii (diatom) at seven pCO2 levels, including habitat-related lowered levels (25, 50, 100, and 200 µatm) as well as present-day (400 µatm) and elevated (800 and 1600 µatm) levels. Effects of seawater acidification and alkalization on growth, photosynthesis, dark respiration, cell geometry, and biogenic silica content of T. weissflogii were investigated. Elevated pCO2 and associated seawater acidification had no detectable effects. However, the lowered pCO2 levels (25 ∼ 100 µatm), which might be experienced by coastal diatoms in post-bloom scenarios, significantly limited growth and photosynthesis of this species. In addition, seawater alkalization resulted in more silicified cells with higher dark respiration rates. Thus, a negative correlation of biogenic silica content and growth rate was evident over the pCO2 range tested here. Taken together, seawater alkalization, rather than acidification, could have stronger effects on the ballasting efficiency and carbon export of T. weissflogii.
Pathology Principles and Practices for Analysis of Animal Models
Authors: Knoblaugh Sue E , Hohl Tobias M , La Perle Krista M D 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Over 60% of NIH extramural funding involves animal models, and approximately 80% to 90% of these are mouse models of human disease. It is critical to translational research that animal models are accurately characterized and validated as models of human disease. Pathology analysis, including histopathology, is essential to animal model studies by providing morphologic context to in vivo, molecular, and biochemical data; however, there are many considerations when incorporating pathology endpoints into an animal study. Mice, and in particular genetically modified models, present unique considerations because these modifications are affected by background strain genetics, husbandry, and experimental conditions. Comparative pathologists recognize normal pathobiology and unique phenotypes that animals, including genetically modified models, may present. Beyond pathology, comparative pathologists with research experience offer expertise in animal model development, experimental design, optimal specimen collection and handling, data interpretation, and reporting. Critical pathology considerations in the design and use of translational studies involving animals are discussed, with an emphasis on mouse models.
Substituting strict equivalents
Authors: Martens David B 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
I discuss certain principles for substituting strictly equivalent propositions and provide alternative axiomatizations of some standard modal systems and proofs of containment relations among some systems that have the principles, including partial proof of Steffen Lewitzka’s ‘conjecture’ that ‘S1+$\Box $SP is strictly contained between S1+SP and S3’ (2016, J. Logic Comput., 26, 1780).
Effect of non-antifungal agrochemicals on the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus gattii
Authors: Carneiro Hellem Cristina Silva , Ribeiro Noelly Queiroz , Bastos Rafael Wesley , Santos Daniel Assis 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The chemical control of pests and weeds is employed to improve crop production and the quality of agricultural products. The intensive use of pesticides, however, may cause environmental contamination, thus altering microbial communities. Cryptococcus gattii is an environmental yeast and the causative agent of cryptococcosis in both humans and animals. Up to this day, the effects of agrochemicals on human pathogens living in nature are still widely unknown. In this work, we analyzed the susceptibility of C. gattii to nonfungicide agrochemicals (herbicides and insecticides). Microdilution and drug-combination susceptibility tests were performed for the herbicides flumioxazin (FLX), glyphosate (GLY), isoxaflutole (ISO), pendimethalin (PEND), and also for the insecticide fipronil (FIP). Moreover, these compounds were combined with the clinical antifungals amphotericin B and fluconazole. The MIC values found for the agrochemicals were the following: &lt; 16 μg/ml, for flumioxazin; 128 to 256 μg/ml, for FIP, ISO, and PEND; and &gt;256 μg/ml, for GLY. Synergistic and antagonistic interactions, depending on the strain and concentration tested, were also observed. All strains had undergone adaptation to increasing levels of agrochemicals, in order to select the less susceptible subpopulations. During this process, one C. gattii strain (196 L/03) tolerated high concentrations (50 to 900 μg/ml) of all pesticides assessed. Subsequently, the strain adapted to flumioxazin, isoxaflutole and pendimethalin showed a reduction in the susceptibility to agrochemicals and clinical antifungals, suggesting the occurrence of cross-resistance. Our data point to the risk of exposing C. gattii to agrochemicals existing in the environment, once it might impact the susceptibility of clinical antifungals.
Cassini CIRS and ISS opposition effects of Saturn’s rings – I. C ring narrow or broad surge?
Authors: Déau E , Dones L , Spilker L , Flandes A , Baillié K , Pilorz S , Showalter M , El Moutamid M , Colwell J E 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
We focus on the thermal and optical opposition effects of Saturn’s C ring seen by Cassini CIRS (Composite InfraRed Spectrometer) at 15.7 ${\mu}$m and ISS (Imaging Science Subsystem) at 0.6 ${\mu}$m. The opposition surge is a brightness peak observed at low phase angle (α → 0°). Saturn rings’ opposition surge was recently observed in reflected light and thermal infrared emission by Cassini. There is debate on whether the C ring’s thermal opposition surge width is narrow (≲1°) or broad (≳30°). This surge is important because its width was used to define the scale of ring properties driving the thermal peak. We parametrize the CIRS and ISS phase curves with several morphological models to fit the surge shape. For five of the largest C ring’s plateaus, we find that their thermal surge is 10 times wider than the optical surge and that the thermal surge width (∼4°) is neither narrow, nor broad. We compare radial differences between CIRS and ISS surge morphologies with the optical depth τ (from UVIS, UltraViolet Imaging Spectrograph) and water ice band depth (from VIMS, Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer) profiles. We find that: water ice band depths (microscopic ring signatures) and τ (macroscopic ring signatures) show respectively little and large contrasts between the background and the plateaus. The thermal surge amplitude and τ are correlated, and we found no band depth dependence, contrary to the optical surge amplitude, which shows no correlation with τ. These correlations suggest a macroscopic scale dominance in controlling the C ring’s thermal opposition effect.
Dynamic predictions of long-term kidney graft failure: an information tool promoting patient-centred care
Authors: Fournier Marie-Cécile , Foucher Yohann , Blanche Paul , Legendre Christophe , Girerd Sophie , Ladrière Marc , Morelon Emmanuel , Buron Fanny , Rostaing Lionel , Kamar Nassim , Mourad Georges , Garrigue Valérie , Couvrat-Desvergnes Grégoire , Giral Magali , Dantan Etienne ,   DIVAT Consortium, Blancho Gilles , Branchereau Julien , Cantarovich Diego , Chapelet Agnès , Dantal Jacques , Deltombe Clément , Figueres Lucile , Garandeau Claire , Giral Magali , Gourraud-Vercel Caroline , Hourmant Maryvonne , Karam Georges , Kerleau Clarisse , Meurette Aurélie , Ville Simon , Kandell Christine , Moreau Anne , Renaudin Karine , Cesbron Anne , Delbos Florent , Walencik Alexandre , Devis Anne , Amrouche Lucile , Anglicheau Dany , Aubert Olivier , Bererhi Lynda , Legendre Christophe , Loupy Alexandre , Martinez Frank , Sberro-Soussan Rébecca , Scemla Anne , Tinel Claire , Zuber Julien , Eschwege Pascal , Frimat Luc , Girerd Sophie , Hubert Jacques , Ladriere Marc , Laurain Emmanuelle , Leblanc Louis , Lecoanet Pierre , Lemelle Jean-Louis , Hériot Lyon E , Badet Lionel , Brunet Maria , Buron Fanny , Cahen Rémi , Daoud Sameh , Fournie Coralie , Grégoire Arnaud , Koenig Alice , Lévi Charlène , Morelon Emmanuel , Pouteil-Noble Claire , Rimmelé Thomas , Thaunat Olivier , Delmas Sylvie , Garrigue Valérie , Le Quintrec Moglie , Pernin Vincent , Serre Jean-Emmanuel 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundInforming kidney transplant recipients of their prognosis and disease progression is of primary importance in a patient-centred vision of care. By participating in decisions from the outset, transplant recipients may be more adherent to complex medical regimens due to their enhanced understanding.MethodsWe proposed to include repeated measurements of serum creatinine (SCr), in addition to baseline characteristics, in order to obtain dynamic predictions of the graft failure risk that could be updated continuously during patient follow-up. Adult recipients from the French Données Informatisées et VAlidées en Transplantation (DIVAT) cohort transplanted for the first or second time from a heart-beating or living donor and alive with a functioning graft at 1 year post-transplantation were included.ResultsThe model was composed of six baseline parameters, in addition to the SCr evolution. We validated the dynamic predictions by evaluating both discrimination and calibration accuracy. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve varied from 0.72 to 0.76 for prediction times at 1 and 6 years post-transplantation, respectively, while calibration plots showed correct accuracy. We also provided an online application tool (https://shiny.idbc.fr/DynPG).ConclusionWe have created a tool that, for the first time in kidney transplantation, predicts graft failure risk both at an individual patient level and dynamically. We believe that this tool would encourage willing patients into participative medicine.