bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Innovation in Family Firms: An Agency and Resource‐Based Lens on Contingencies of Generation and Management Diversity
Authors: Hillebrand Sebastian , Teichert Thorsten , Steeger Jonas 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFamily firms are increasingly recognized as a heterogeneous group of businesses with specific strengths and weaknesses that make them either superior or inferior to non‐family firms. Recent research has therefore started shifting away from comparisons between family firms and non‐family firms to comparisons between family firms. This study investigates the influence of two key paramete rs of ‘familiness’ – the generation in control and the (non‐family) management diversity – on family firm innovation. While agency‐based arguments stress the liabilities of these two parameters of family influence, resource‐based arguments highlight their benefits. Conflicting effect hypotheses are derived and tested in the context of German family firms. The empirical results imply that family firms’ generational development and higher management diversity influence their innovation positively and that their benefits outweigh their liabilities in the context of German family firms.
Academic freedom and an invitation to promote its advancement
Authors: Bartel Robyn 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAcademic freedom is under threat internationally. Several high profile incidents suggest that academic freedom is a principle neither well understood nor appreciated by key decision makers and stakeholders whom one might expect to champion it, be they in government or within the academy itself. Among those incidents are the arbitrary exercise of ministerial discretion to override the Australian Research Council expert peer review recommendations for allocation of funding, recent attacks on the credibility of academic publishing internationally, and the atrocious treatment of scholars by authoritarian regimes across the globe. In light of such developments, the membership of the Institute of Australian Geographers recently adopted a resolution that, inter alia, called on the Council of the Institute of Australian Geographers ‘not to be silent on the issue of attacks on critical scholarship, academic freedom and the integrity of academic procedures in higher education, research and publishing’. Given the complexity of the issues, this paper invites further discussion and debate on how Australian geography and geographers might better appreciate and advance academic freedom including via the promotion of scholarship that gives full effect to the principle.
Augmentation of cellular NAD+ by NQO1 enzymatic action improves age‐related hearing impairment
Authors: Kim Hyung‐Jin , Cao Wa , Oh Gi‐Su , Lee SeungHoon , Shen AiHua , Khadka Dipendra , Lee Su‐Bin , Sharma Subham , Kim Seon Young , Choe Seong‐Kyu , Kwak Tae Hwan , Kim Jin‐Man , Park Raekil , So Hong‐Seob 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAge‐related hearing loss (ARHL) is a major neurodegenerative disorder and the leading cause of communication deficit in the elderly population, which remains largely untreated. The development of ARHL is a multifactorial event that includes both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Recent studies suggest that NAD+/NADH ratio may play a critical role in cellular senescence by regulating sirtuins, PARP‐1, and PGC‐1α. Nonetheless, the beneficial effect of direct modulation of cellular NAD+ levels on aging and age‐related diseases has not been studied, and the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. Herein, we investigated the effect of β‐lapachone (β‐lap), a known plant‐derived metabolite that modulates cellular NAD+ by conversion of NADH to NAD+ via the enzymatic action of NADH: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) on ARHL in C57BL/6 mice. We elucidated that the reduction of cellular NAD+ during the aging process was an important contributor for ARHL; it facilitated oxidative stress and pro‐inflammatory responses in the cochlear tissue through regulating sirtuins that alter various signaling pathways, such as NF‐κB, p53, and IDH2. However, augmentation of NAD+ by β‐lap effectively prevented ARHL and accompanying deleterious effects through reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, sustaining mitochondrial function, and promoting mitochondrial biogenesis in rodents. These results suggest that direct regulation of cellular NAD+ levels by pharmacological agents may be a tangible therapeutic option for treating various age‐related diseases, including ARHL.
Extra‐short implants in the prosthetic rehabilitation of the posterior maxilla
Authors: Gürlek Ö , Kaval ME , Buduneli N , Nizam N 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimTo compare clinical outcomes of ‘extra‐short' and regular bone level implants in the posterior maxilla for 12 months after loading.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐three systemically healthy, non‐smoking patients received 30 extra‐short, 24 regular bone level implants. Acrylic stents were fabricated for each patient for correct implant positioning. Implant lengths were 4–6 mm in the test, 8/10 mm in the control group. Radiographic evaluation was performed at baseline, 6, and 12 months after loading. Crestal bone level (CBL), CBL change (CBLC), true crown length (TCL), implant/crown ratio (ICR) and residual bone height (RBH) below maxillary sinus floor were calculated digitally. Data were tested statistically.ResultsResidual bone height was significantly lower, and TCL and ICR were higher in the test than the control group (P < 0.0001). CBL measurements at baseline were 0.19 ± 0.18 mm and 0.31 ± 0.37 mm and at 12 months, 0.24 ± 0.24 mm and 0.41 ± 0.31 mm, respectively in the test and control groups. CBL values at 12 months were significantly lower in the test than the control group (P < 0.05). CBLCs were similar at all times (P > 0.05). No correlation was found between the CBLC and implant/prosthetic parameters.ConclusionExtra‐short and regular implants might provide similar clinical outcomes in prosthetic rehabilitation of atrophic maxilla, during 12 months follow‐up.
High‐mobility group box 1 at the time of parturition in women with gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Hill Ashley V. , Menon Ramkumar , Perez‐Patron Maria , Carrillo Genny , Xu Xiaohui , Taylor Brandie D. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractProblemHigh‐mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a danger‐associated molecular pattern marker, may indicate sterile inflammation through innate immune pathways. HMGB1 is implicated in hyperglycemia and excess glucose in trophoblast. Metabolic dysfunction and dyslipidemia are associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but few studies examined associations between HMGB1 and GDM. We determined HMGB1 levels, and the ratio of HMGB1 to innate immune markers, in women with GDM at parturition.Method of studyThis case‐control study of 50 GDM pregnancies and 100 healthy controls utilized data and plasma samples from PeriBank. HMGB1, pentraxin‐3, and interleukin (IL)‐6 were measured by ELISA. Logistic regression calculated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) adjusting for age, pre‐pregnancy body mass index, and type of labor.ResultsThere were no significant associations between HMGB1 and GDM. The ratio of HMGB1 to pentraxin‐3 and IL‐6 did not alter the odds of GDM. There was a significant statistical interaction between HMGB1 and maternal age (P = .02). When associations were examined by age groups, HMGB1 was associated with reduced odds of HMGB1 among women ≤25 (AOR = 0.007 CI 95% <0.001‐0.3). Odds ratios increased as age increased (AOR range 1.2‐3.8) but results were not statistically significant.ConclusionHigh‐mobility group box 1 was not associated with GDM. However, we found evidence that maternal age was a potential effect modifier of the relationship between HMGB1 and GDM. As there is growing evidence that HMGB1 may play important roles in reproduction, future studies should explore maternal factors that may alter HMGB1 levels.
Placental expression of lysophosphatidic acid receptors in normal pregnancy and preeclampsia
Authors: Fujii Tatsuya , Nagamatsu Takeshi , Schust Danny J. , Ichikawa Mayuko , Kumasawa Keiichi , Yabe Shinichiro , Iriyama Takayuki , Hirota Yasushi , Osuga Yutaka , Aoki Junken , Yatomi Yutaka , Fujii Tomoyuki 
Published: July 2019

AbstractProblemRecent advances in lipid research have revealed that impairments in lipid mediator signaling can be involved in the pathoetiology of a variety of diseases. We previously reported aberrant expression of autotaxin, a key enzyme for lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) production, in placentas from women with preeclampsia. The present study aimed to further explore the involvement of LPA signaling in the pathoetiology of preeclampsia.Method of studyTerm placentas were obtained from deliveries after uncomplicated pregnancy (n = 18) and those complicated by preeclampsia (n = 24). First‐trimester placental tissues were collected after elective terminations of pregnancy (n = 20). Placental expression of the six identified LPARs (LPAR1‐6) was analyzed at protein and mRNA levels.ResultsIn normal pregnancy, the mRNA expression levels of all LPARs except LPAR4 were significantly higher in term. Levels of mRNA encoding LPAR2‐5 were significantly increased in preeclampsia placentas compared with those in the normal term placentas. Using Western immunoblotting, only LPAR3 was noted to be increased at the protein level in placentas from preeclamptic pregnancies. This was validated by immunohistochemistry.ConclusionIn summary, the placental expression of LPARs, particularly LPAR3, is enhanced in preeclampsia, suggesting that disturbances in placental LPA signaling may be involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.
Trends in obesity and impact on obstetric outcomes in a regional hospital in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Ward Madeleine C. , Agarwal Anju , Bish Melanie , James Rachel , Faulks Fiona , Pitson Jennifer , Yuen Nicola , Mnatzaganian George 
Published: July 2019

AimsObesity‐related complications have been identified across the entire childbearing journey. This study investigated changes in obesity prevalence and their impact on obstetric outcomes in a regional hospital in Victoria, Australia.MethodsAll women delivering during 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2016 were eligible to participate. Trends over time and outcomes were assessed on body mass indices (BMI). Incidences of complications were compared by BMI categories. The effect of obesity on hospital length of stay (LoS) was further assessed using the Generalised Estimating Equations approach.ResultsDuring the study period a total of 6661 women of whom 27.5% were overweight, and 16.1, 7.7, and 5.5% were respectively obese class I, class II, and class III, contributed to 8838 births. An increased trend over time in the prevalence of obesity (BMI > 35.0) (P = 0.041) and a decreased trend for vaginal deliveries for the whole sample (P = 0.003) were found. Multiple adverse outcomes were associated with increasing maternal BMI including increased risk of gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, emergency caesarean section, shoulder dystocia, macrosomia, and admission to special care. The multivariable analysis showed no associations between LoS and BMI.ConclusionsOver a short period of seven years, this study provides evidence of a significant trend toward more obesity and fewer vaginal births in a non‐urban childbearing population, with increasing trends of poorer health outcomes. Assessing needs and risk factors tailored to this population is crucial to ensuring a model of care that safeguards a sustainable and effective regional maternity health service.
Is personal growth initiative associated with later life satisfaction in Chinese college students? A 15‐week prospective analysis
Authors: Chang Edward C. , Yang Hongfei , Yi Shangwen , Xie Fei , Liu Jiting , Ren Haining , Zhang Jiaqi , Zhang Zhuoran , Wu Runzhe , Lin Yijing , Li Mingqi , Wu Kaidi , Ip Ka , Lucas Abigael G. , Chang Olivia D. 
Published: July 2019

Personal growth initiative (PGI) is presumed to foster positive change leading to positive psychological adjustment. Accordingly, in this study we examined PGI as a predictor of life satisfaction 15 weeks later in a sample of 152 Chinese college students. Time 1 PGI was found to explain a significant amount of unique variance in Time 2 life satisfaction, even after controlling for Time 1 life satisfaction and Time 2 PGI. Specifically, (lower) intentional behavior and planfulness at baseline emerged as significant predictors of later life satisfaction. No evidence was found indicating that life satisfaction at Time 1 accounted for any significant amount of unique variance in PGI processes at Time 2, after controlling for baseline PGI processes and concurrent life satisfaction. Overall, the present findings are the first to demonstrate the importance of PGI as a prospective predictor of positive psychological adjustment in adults.
Clinical and molecular characterization of Y microdeletions and X‐linked CNV67 implications in male fertility: a 20‐year experience
Authors: Pinho A. , Barros A. , Fernandes S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundApproximately 15% of couples worldwide are affected with infertility, attributed to a male co‐factor in about half of the cases. Y chromosome microdeletions are the second most common genetic cause for male infertility, with a global prevalence of 2–10% in infertile men. Recently, CNV67, localized in X chromosome, has emerged as potential contributor to male infertility, with a described frequency of 1.1% in the oligo/azoospermic men.ObjectivesTo investigate the prevalence of Y‐linked CNVs in a cohort of Portuguese infertile men and correlate the patients’ phenotypes with a genetic alteration; to investigate the CNV67 deletion in a subset of patients and corroborate the role of this CNV in male infertility.Materials and methodsWe retrospectively analysed a database of 4000 Portuguese infertile men for karyotype anomalies and Y microdeletions and selected a cohort of 400 for CNV67 screening analysis by quantitative PCR or single PCR plus/minus.ResultsKaryotype anomalies were present in 263 patients (6.6%), with Klinefelter syndrome representing the most frequent karyotype anomaly (2.8%). Among the 4000 patients, the prevalence of Yq microdeletions was 4.6%. Ninety microdeletions (10.0%) were found in the azoospermic group, 44 deletions (4.5%) in the severe oligozoospermic group, 1 AZFc partial deletion (0.3%) in the mild–moderate oligozoospermic group and 2 partial AZFc deletions (0.4%) in the normozoospermic group. Complete AZFc deletions represented 56.8% of the Yq microdeletions. The CNV67 deletion frequency was 1.2% in the studied sample.ConclusionsThis study presents one of the largest samples of infertile men worldwide with the main purpose of correlating the Yq microdeletions with sperm count. Our findings are supported by previous reviews with large data and provide a reliable estimation of the prevalence of these anomalies in a Portuguese population. CNV67 was exclusively deleted in patients with spermatogenic impairment, showing a consistent genotype–phenotype correlation and a significant prevalence.
Atrial fibrillation and risk of major arrhythmic events in Brugada syndrome: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Kewcharoen Jakrin , Rattanawong Pattara , Kanitsoraphan Chanavuth , Mekritthikrai Raktham , Prasitlumkum Narut , Putthapiban Prapaipan , Mekraksakit Poemlarp , Pattison Robert J. , Vutthikraivit Wasawat 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundBrugada syndrome (BrS) is a common cause of sudden cardiac death (SCD). There is recent evidence that atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with increased risk of SCD in general population. However, whether AF increases a risk of major arrhythmic events (MAE) in patients with BrS is still unclear. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to explore the effect of AF on MAE in BrS population.MethodsWe searched the databases of MEDLINE and EMBASE from inception to March 2019. Included studies were published cohort studies reporting rates of MAE (ventricular fibrillation, sustained ventricular tachycardia, SCD, or sudden cardiac arrest) in BrS patients, with and without previous documented AF. Data from each study were combined using the random‐effects model.ResultsSix studies from 1,703 patients were included. There was a significant association between AF and an increased risk of MAE in patients with BrS (pooled OR = 2.37, 95% CI = 1.36–4.13, p‐value = .002, I2 = 40.3%).ConclusionsOur meta‐analysis demonstrated that AF is associated with an increased risk of MAE in patients with BrS.
On the Role of Habit in Self‐Reported and Observed Hand Hygiene Behavior
Authors: Diefenbacher Svenja , Pfattheicher Stefan , Keller Johannes 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundThe present contribution tests the main ideas that (a) hand hygiene behavior is associated with habit, and (b) this association is robust when deliberative constructs (i.e. knowledge and intention) are controlled for, indicating an automatic component in hand hygiene behavior.MethodsTwo correlational studies using different operationalisations of hand hygiene behavior are reported. In Study 1, hand hygiene was assessed in the context of food preparation; data were measured using the Day Reconstruction Method in a sample of the general population. Study 2 considered hand hygiene compliance of healthcare workers applying video observation by body cameras and additionally self‐reported behavior. In both studies, habit was assessed using the Self‐Report Behavioral Automaticity Index.ResultsBoth studies found the expected positive association between habit and hand hygiene (0.271 < r < 0.570). Habit was further analyzed in combination with knowledge and intention (Study 2), and emerged as a significant predictor of observed hand hygiene, while knowledge and intention were marginally significant. No significant interactions were found.ConclusionsThe present work provides evidence that hand hygiene behavior is reliably related to habit. The findings speak to the notion that addressing the automatic route to hand hygiene behavior when designing interventions can be fruitful.
Reorganization of tree assemblages over the last century in the northern hardwoods of eastern Canada
Authors: Terrail Raphaële , Dupuis Sébastien , Danneyrolles Victor , Fortin Marie‐Josée , Boucher Yan , Arseneault Dominique 
Published: July 2019

AbstractQuestionHow has European settlement of Eastern North America modified tree species assemblages?LocationThe northern temperate forests of the Lower St. Lawrence region (Quebec, Canada).MethodsChanges in relative prevalence of tree taxa were reconstructed with early land survey records (1821–1900) and modern forest inventories (1980–2010). Forest composition reconstructions were then used to analyse changes in tree taxa assemblages at the landscape scale and test for potential landscape homogenization.ResultsOur results show important maple (Acer saccharumandA. rubrum) and poplar (Populus tremuloidesandP. balsamifera) encroachment, shifting from the 6th to the 2nd position of relative prevalence and from the 7th to the 5th position, respectively, resulting in a significant shift in tree assemblage. Maple has spread throughout the whole landscape and tended to become the most abundant taxon in communities where they were already present in pre‐settlement times. Poplar also widely spread throughout the landscape but rarely became the most abundant taxon. Accordingly, deciduous encroachment clearly engendered a spatial homogenization of composition at the landscape scale.ConclusionConsidering that both red maple and trembling aspen are opportunist early‐successional species, the increased relative prevalence of both species, as well as the consequent reorganization of tree taxon assemblages and landscape homogenization, probably resulted from the regional convergence toward an early‐successional state. Along with the restoration of long‐lived shade‐tolerant conifer populations, land and forest managers should aim to increase the heterogeneity of forest stand composition to improve forests resilience to future global changes.
Population pharmacokinetics of pevonedistat alone or in combination with standard of care in patients with solid tumours or haematological malignancies
Authors: Faessel Hélène M. , Mould Diane R. , Zhou Xiaofei , Faller Douglas V. , Sedarati Farhad , Venkatakrishnan Karthik 
Published: July 2019

AimsA population pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis was conducted to quantify the impact of patient‐specific and concurrent medication factors on pevonedistat PK.MethodsData were pooled from 6 clinical studies consisting of 335 patients with solid tumours or haematological malignancies administered pevonedistat alone or in combination with azacitidine, docetaxel, carboplatin + paclitaxel, or gemcitabine. Model development and covariate analysis followed standard methods. Parameters and bootstrap 95% confidence intervals were estimated using nonlinear mixed‐effects modelling. The final model was evaluated using visual predictive checks and other goodness‐of‐fit criteria.ResultsA linear 2‐compartment model best described pevonedistat PK. The final model included the effect of body surface area (BSA) on clearance (CL and Q) and volume of distribution of pevonedistat, effect of concomitantly administered carboplatin + paclitaxel on CL, and effect of albumin on Q. Race, sex, age, tumour type (haematological vs solid), mild or moderate renal impairment (creatinine clearance ≥30 mL/min), or mild hepatic impairment, had no impact on pevonedistat PK.ConclusionsThe clinical PK profile of pevonedistat is comparable in patients with solid tumours or haematological malignancies. All PK parameters exhibited ≥20% change over the observed BSA range (1.38–3 m2) with CL ranging from 75.5 to 208% of the reference value, with simulations supporting BSA‐based dosing to minimize interindividual variability in drug exposures. Concurrent administration of carboplatin + paclitaxel decreased pevonedistat CL by approximately 44%, while coadministration with azacitidine, gemcitabine or docetaxel did not alter pevonedistat CL. No other factors were identified as influencing pevonedistat PK.