bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical synthesis and analytical profiling of NTSH: a versatile probe for hydrogen sulfide sensing and cellular imaging
Authors: M Ranjana , Kashyap Namita N , Mitra Prajoy Kumar , Sunil Dhanya , Y N Sudhakar , Vennapusa Sivaranjana Reddy , Raju Ramesh , Tittonen Ilkka , Upadhya Dinesh 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The development of novel probes featuring diverse structural motifs, with promising applications in H2S detection and cellular imaging remains a central focus of scientific research. This study details the synthesis of 4-methyl-N-(6-nitro-1,3-dioxo-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)benzenesulfonamide (NTSH), which involves a condensation reaction between commercially available 4-nitro-1,8-naphthalic anhydride and p-toluenesulfonyl hydrazide in glacial acetic acid. The H2S probe exhibits detection limits of 166 μM in fluorometric, 15.08 mM in absorbance, 2.48 mM in colorimetric, and 29 nM in electrochemical studies. The versatility of NTSH in sensing endogenous H2S and bioimaging of HEK 293T cells highlights its potential applicability in chemical biology research. The tendency of NTSH to undergo chemical changes in the presence of H2S to induce noticeable optical and electrochemical responses could lay the groundwork for creating sensitive and selective sensing platforms.
Assessment of surface quality and damages induced during dry helical milling of hybrid composite fiber metal laminates
Authors: Baloor Satish Shenoy , Cagan Suleyman Cinar , Bolar Gururaj , Balkundhi Madhusudhan , Dinesh Anoop Aroor 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The present work investigates the effectiveness of helical milling for making holes with excellent surface quality in carbon fiber aluminum laminates (CARALL) under dry cutting conditions. The impact of cutting speed and axial pitch on hole surface quality was analyzed. The findings show that axial pitch and cutting speed have a major impact on surface roughness. Utilization of lower cutting speed (30 m min−1) and axial pitch (0.1 mm rev−1) results in material adhesion and feed marks, thus lowering the surface roughness. Nevertheless, the surface finish was enhanced by using higher levels of process variables. Surface defects like chip adhesions, deformation marks, and material smearing were observed. The orientation of the cutting edge with the fibers greatly influenced the surface morphology. Exposed fibers with varying lengths were noted when machining fiber layers oriented at 135°, thus creating an irregular surface. Scanning Electron Microscopic observation of the carbon fiber layers displayed a cleanly cut surface without fiber pullout and crack or interlayer burrs. Moreover, the holes in the CARALL were devoid of delamination/debonding for all the combinations of process variables. In general, results demonstrate the suitability of helical milling for processing holes with superior surface quality and satisfying the stringent requirements of the aircraft industries.
Synthesis of naringenin schiff base loaded CMC/PVA scaffold as biodegradable wound care materials
Authors: Rajesh R Udaya , K S Sachin , Gopakumar Anagha Bijili , Koshy Jijo Thomas , Sangeetha D 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The complex formula of wound care therapy includes effective treatment tactics, infection prevention, wound preconditioning, and germ therapy. By creating ideal circumstances for wound healing, wound dressings are a major factor in lowering the rate at which infections worsen. The persistence of chronic wounds as a significant healthcare challenge necessitates the creation of innovative wound-dressing techniques. This work describes a novel method for creating ternary biodegradable polymers from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). With the addition of naringenin Schiff base, the aqueous mixture of CMC and PVA creates an ideal wound dressing material. The naringenin-derived Schiff base demonstrates strong antibacterial and antioxidant activities. The goal of this work is to create, polymer based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) loaded with Naringenin Schiff base for efficient wound care therapy. The 1H, 13C NMR, FT-IR, and mass spectrometry were used to characterize the Schiff base. The Schiff Base loaded CMC/PVA film was characterized by FT-IR, AFM. Studies such as biodegradability, antimicrobial studies, water absorption capabilities, water vapour transmission rate and dressing pH of the films were also conducted. The promise of biopolymers as better wound dressing material will be highlighted in this work, allowing more efficient wound care.
Overview of the physics design of the EHL-2 spherical torus
Authors: LIANG 梁 Yunfeng 云峰 , XIE 谢 Huasheng 华生 , SHI 石 Yuejiang 跃江 , GU 顾 Xiang 翔 , JIANG 姜 Xinchen 欣辰 , DONG 董 Lili 力立 , WANG 王 Xueyun 雪韵 , YANG 杨 Danke 丹可 , LIU 刘 Wenjun 文军 , SUN 孙 Tiantian 恬恬 , WANG 王 Yumin 嵎民 , LI 李 Zhi 直 , CAI 蔡 Jianqing 剑青 , SONG 宋 Xianming 显明 , TAN 谭 Muzhi 沐芝 , YANG 杨 Guang 光 , ZHAO 赵 Hanyue 寒月 , DONG 董 Jiaqi 家齐 , PENG 彭 Yueng-Kay Martin 元凯 , SONG 宋 Shaodong 绍栋 , CHEN 陈 Zhengyuan 正元 , LI 李 Yingying 颖颖 , LIU 刘 Bing 兵 , LUO 罗 Di 迪 , YANG 杨 Yuanming 圆明 , LIU 刘 Minsheng 敏胜 , Team the EHL-2 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
ENN is planning the next generation experimental device EHL-2 with the goal to verify the thermal reaction rates of p-11B fusion, establish spherical torus/tokamak experimental scaling laws at 10’s keV ion temperature, and provide a design basis for subsequent experiments to test and realize the p-11B fusion burning plasma. Based on 0-dimensional (0-D) system design and 1.5-dimensional transport modelling analyses, the main target parameters of EHL-2 have been basically determined, including the plasma major radius, R
0, of 1.05 m, the aspect ratio, A, of 1.85, the maximum central toroidal magnetic field strength, B
0, of 3 T, and the plasma toroidal current, I
p, of 3 MA. The main heating system will be the neutral beam injection at a total power of 17 MW. In addition, 6 MW of electron cyclotron resonance heating will serve as the main means of local current drive and MHD instabilities control. The physics design of EHL-2 is focused on addressing three main operating scenarios, i.e., (1) high ion temperature scenario, (2) high-performance steady-state scenario and (3) high triple product scenario. Each scenario will integrate solutions to different important issues, including equilibrium configuration, heating and current drive, confinement and transport, MHD instability, p-11B fusion reaction, plasma-wall interactions, etc. Beyond that, there are several unique and significant challenges to address, including

establish a plasma with extremely high core ion temperature (T
i,0 > 30 keV), and ensure a large ion-to-electron temperature ratio (T
i,0/T
e,0 > 2), and a boron concentration of 10%‒15% at the plasma core;

realize the start-up by non-inductive current drive and the rise of MA-level plasma toroidal current. This is because the volt-seconds that the central solenoid of the ST can provide are very limited;

achieve divertor heat and particle fluxes control including complete detachment under high P/R (> 20 MW/m) at relatively low electron densities.

This overview will introduce the advanced progress in the physics design of EHL-2.
Post-measurement pairing quantum key distribution with local optical frequency standard
Authors: Ge Chengfang , Zhou Lai , Lin Jinping , Yin Hua-Lei , Zeng Qiang , Yuan Zhiliang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The idea of post-measurement coincidence pairing simplifies substantially long-distance, repeater-like quantum key distribution (QKD) by eliminating the need for tracking the differential phase of the users’ lasers. However, optical frequency tracking remains necessary and can become a severe burden in future deployment of multi-node quantum networks. Here, we resolve this problem by referencing each user’s laser to an absolute frequency standard and demonstrate a practical post-measurement pairing QKD with excellent long-term stability. We confirm the setup’s repeater-like behavior and achieve a finite-size secure key rate (SKR) of 15.94 bit s−1 over 504 km fiber, which overcomes the absolute repeaterless bound by 1.28 times. Over a fiber length 100 km, the setup delivers an impressive SKR of 285.68 kbit s−1. Our work paves the way towards an efficient muti-user quantum network with the local frequency standard.
Increases in vegetation cover increase response more to climate change than to human activities in the Baiyangdian watershed
Authors: Gao Jiashan , Yang Jianying 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Baiyangdian watershed is located in the upstream of Xiongan New Area, and as an important ecological source of the new area, its vegetation cover status has an important impact on the environmental quality and ecological health of the new area. By analysing the spatial and temporal characteristics of vegetation cover in the Baiyangdian watershed, we investigated the response of climate change and human activities to vegetation cover, and revealed the evolution patterns and driving mechanisms of vegetation cover under changing environments. Utilizing the Google Earth Engine (GEE) and Landsat remote sensing images, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of the Baiyangdian watershed from 1992 to 2022 was extracted. The temporal and spatial characteristics of vegetation cover were determined using Theil-Sen Median and Mann-Kendall analysis, while factors influencing the spatiotemporal changes in vegetation cover in Baiyangdian were explored through correlation and residual analyses reveal the following: (1) Vegetation cover in the study area showed an increasing trend over time, with a spatial increase from northwest to southeast, revealing the recovery of the ecological environment; (2) Vegetation cover was positively correlated with precipitation and temperature, and the effect of temperature on Baiyangdian was greater than that of precipitation; (3) Residual analyses showed that human activities and climate change had an increasing role in contributing to vegetation cover, and that the dominant factor had changed from human activities to climate changes. The residual analysis shows that human activities and climate change are increasing the vegetation cover, and the dominant factor is changing from human activities to climate change. This study provides a scientific basis for the ecological management of Baiyangdian and the construction of forestry engineering.
The carbon footprint associated with the overuse of short-acting β2-agonists in asthma patients
Authors: Chen Chao-Hsien , Lin I-Chih , Lai Chih-Cheng , Liu Hsing-hui , Wang Ya-Hui , Wang Cheng-Yi , Wang Hao-Chien 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background. In recent years, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from inhalers have received more attention. The inhalers are classified as controllers and relievers, which are mainly short-acting beta-agonists (SABA), and SABAs account for more than 50% of all inhaler use in most countries. The overuse of SABA is common in asthma patients, but the environmental impact related to these patients has not yet been studied. Methods. Asthma patients were retrieved from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Database between 2011 and 2020. These patients were classified as SABA overuse (≥3 canisters annually) and controlled (<3 canisters annually) according to the 12-month baseline period, and the GHG emission in the following year was calculated. The propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance patients in two groups. Results. A total of 243,136 asthma patients were included for analysis. The annual mean GHG emission associated with the use of inhalers was 69.90 kg/person/year carbon dioxide equivalent in the SABA overuse group. After PSM, there were 22,605 patients in each group, and the mean GHG emission was 2.85 times higher in the SABA overuse group compared to the control group, which was due to both the increased use of SABAs and controller inhalers. Conclusion. The asthma patients who overused SABAs had a greater environmental impact compared to those with acceptable SABA use. It is essential to consider environmental implications when developing asthma treatments, and further research is needed on how to decrease the amount of GHG emissions from inhalers.
Learning continuous scattering length density profiles from neutron reflectivities using convolutional neural networks*
Authors: Qu Brian , Christakopoulos Panagiotis , Wang Hanyu , Keum Jong , Angelopoulou Polyxeni P , V Bonnesen Peter , Hong Kunlun , Doucet Mathieu , Browning James F , Fuentes-Cabrera Miguel , Kumar Rajeev 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Interpreting neutron reflectivity (NR) data using ad hoc multi-layer models and physics-based models provides information about spatially resolved neutron scattering length density (NSLD) profiles. Recent improvements in data acquisition systems have allowed acquiring thousands of NR curves in a couple of hours, which has led to a need for automated data analysis tools to interpret NR measurements in real-time. Here, we present a machine learning analysis workflow that uses a series of models, based on a convolutional neural network (CNN), to learn the relation between the NSLDs and the NRs, and subsequently produce continuous NSLD profiles directly from NRs. The usefulness of our CNN-based models is demonstrated by constructing NSLDs from NRs of several films containing homopolymer polyzwitterions and diblock copolymers mixed with different types of salts. Comparisons of the NSLDs with those constructed using ad hoc multi-layer models reveal a very good agreement, suggesting the potential of CNN-based models for real-time automated data analysis of NRs.
Absurd and Holy Mystery
Authors: Insole Christopher J 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
There are significant common features to Albert Camus’ notion of the state of rebellion in relation to the absurd, and Karl Rahner’s notion of the pre-apprehension of holy mystery. Both arise from the collision between the subjective and objective perspectives upon ourselves, where, to give a complete account of our lives, both perspectives must be acknowledged, although we are unable successfully to reconcile the perspectives. The nub of the difference between the two thinkers is this: that where Rahner calls the irreducible confrontation ‘holy’, Camus calls it ‘absurd’. There is a ‘freedom of naming’: holy, or, absurd. Rahner embodies an attitude of worship, and Camus of vigilant rebellion. The chapter concludes with some lessons about the freedom of belief, and the humility and limitations of different types of thinking, specifically, those types of thinking that tend to be characterized as being cases of ‘reason’ or ‘philosophy’.
Deciphering the genetic interplay between depression and dysmenorrhea: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Liu Shuhe , Wei Zhen , Carr Daniel F , Moraros John 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
This study aims to explore the link between depression and dysmenorrhea by using an integrated and innovative approach that combines genomic, transcriptomic, and protein interaction data/information from various resources.

Methods
A two-sample, bidirectional, and multivariate Mendelian randomization (MR) approach was applied to determine causality between dysmenorrhea and depression. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) data were used to identify genetic variants associated with both dysmenorrhea and depression, followed by colocalization analysis of shared genetic influences. Expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) data were analyzed from public databases to pinpoint target genes in relevant tissues. Additionally, a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the STRING database to analyze interactions among identified proteins.

Results
MR analysis confirmed a significant causal effect of depression on dysmenorrhea [‘odds ratio’ (95% confidence interval) = 1.51 (1.19, 1.91), P = 7.26 × 10−4]. Conversely, no evidence was found to support a causal effect of dysmenorrhea on depression (P = .74). Genetic analysis, using GWAS and eQTL data, identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms in several genes, including GRK4, TRAIP, and RNF123, indicating that depression may impact reproductive function through these genetic pathways, with a detailed picture presented by way of analysis in the PPI network. Colocalization analysis highlighted rs34341246(RBMS3) as a potential shared causal variant.

Conclusions
This study suggests that depression significantly affects dysmenorrhea and identifies key genes and proteins involved in this interaction. The findings underline the need for integrated clinical and public health approaches that screen for depression among women presenting with dysmenorrhea and suggest new targeted preventive strategies.
miCGR: interpretable deep neural network for predicting both site-level and gene-level functional targets of microRNA
Authors: Wu Xiaolong , Zhang Lehan , Tong Xiaochu , Wang Yitian , Zhang Zimei , Kong Xiangtai , Ni Shengkun , Luo Xiaomin , Zheng Mingyue , Tang Yun , Li Xutong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical regulators in various biological processes to cleave or repress translation of messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Accurately predicting miRNA targets is essential for developing miRNA-based therapies for diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular disease. Traditional miRNA target prediction methods often struggle due to incomplete knowledge of miRNA-target interactions and lack interpretability. To address these limitations, we propose miCGR, an end-to-end deep learning framework for predicting functional miRNA targets. MiCGR employs 2D convolutional neural networks alongside an enhanced Chaos Game Representation (CGR) of both miRNA sequences and their candidate target site (CTS) on mRNA. This advanced CGR transforms genetic sequences into informative 2D graphical representations based on sequence composition and subsequence frequencies, and explicitly incorporates important prior knowledge of seed regions and subsequence positions. Unlike one-dimensional methods based solely on sequence characters, this approach identifies functional motifs within sequences, even if they are distant in the original sequences. Our model outperforms existing methods in predicting functional targets at both the site and gene levels. To enhance interpretability, we incorporate Shapley value analysis for each subsequence within both miRNA sequences and their target sites, allowing miCGR to achieve improved accuracy, particularly with more lenient CTS selection criteria. Finally, two case studies demonstrate the practical applicability of miCGR, highlighting its potential to provide insights for optimizing artificial miRNA analogs that surpass endogenous counterparts.
wQFM-DISCO: DISCO-enabled wQFM improves phylogenomic analyses despite the presence of paralogs
Authors: Hakim Sheikh Azizul , Ratul Md Rownok Zahan , Bayzid Md Shamsuzzoha 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Motivation
Gene trees often differ from the species trees that contain them due to various factors, including incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) and gene duplication and loss (GDL). Several highly accurate species tree estimation methods have been introduced to explicitly address ILS, including ASTRAL, a widely used statistically consistent method, and wQFM, a quartet amalgamation approach experimentally shown to be more accurate than ASTRAL. Two recent advancements, ASTRAL-Pro and DISCO, have emerged in phylogenomics to consider GDL. ASTRAL-Pro introduces a refined quartet similarity measure, accounting for orthology and paralogy. On the other hand, DISCO offers a general strategy to decompose multi-copy gene trees into a collection of single-copy trees, allowing the utilization of methods previously designed for species tree inference in the context of single-copy gene trees.

Results
In this study, we first introduce some variants of DISCO to examine its underlying hypotheses and present analytical results on the statistical guarantees of DISCO. In particular, we introduce DISCO-R, a variant of DISCO with a refined and improved pruning strategy that provides more accurate and robust results. We then demonstrate with extensive evaluation studies on a collection of simulated and real data sets that wQFM paired with DISCO variants consistently matches or outperforms ASTRAL-Pro and other competing methods.

Availability and implementation
DISCO-R and other variants are freely available at https://github.com/skhakim/DISCO-variants.
Development of a large-scale rapid LAMP diagnostic testing platform for pandemic preparedness and outbreak response
Authors: van Beuningen Rinie , Jim Kin Ki , Boot Maikel , Ossendrijver Michel , Keijser Bart J F , van de Bovenkamp Jeroen H B , Melchers Willem J G , Kievits Tim 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic underscored the necessity for rapid and efficient diagnostic testing to mitigate outbreaks and control disease transmission. While real-time reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) has been the gold standard due to its high sensitivity and specificity, its logistical complexities and extended turnaround times highlighted the need for alternative molecular methods and non-standard equipment and consumables not subject to supply chain pressure. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) offers several advantages over RT-qPCR, including faster processing time, assay flexibility and cost-effectiveness. During the pandemic, LAMP was successfully demonstrated as a viable alternative to RT-qPCR for SARS-Related Coronavirus 2 detection. However, due to a 100 to 1,000-fold increase in testing volumes, there was an imminent need for automating and scaling up existing LAMP testing workflows leveraging a robotic infrastructure, while retaining analytical performance and cost-effectiveness. In 2020, the Foundation TOMi started the “TOMi corona initiative” to develop and validate a high-throughput, end-to-end, automated, scalable single-step RNA purification, and LAMP-based COVID-19 testing system called SMART-LAMP (Scalable Molecular Automation for Rapid Testing using LAMP) that can process up to 40,000 samples per day using existing laboratory equipment infrastructure with sensitivity comparable to RT-qPCR. This system provides a rapid and scalable diagnostic solution for future pandemics, capable of processing over 40,000 samples per day. In addition, the system is designed to minimize consumable costs and reduces the overall use of plastics to align with increasingly strict sustainability goals that will be imposed over the coming years. Importantly, this system and public–private partnerships in the TOMi corona initiative has the potential to serve as a baseline to enhance pandemic preparedness and response capabilities.