bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient approach for the automatic detection of haemorrhages in colour retinal images
Authors: Bhoopalan Ramasubramanian , Sundaramoorthy Selvaperumal 
Published: April 2018

Advances in the eye care telemedicine system aid the diabetic patients in remote areas to stop the unwanted visit to ophthalmologist, reduces overall cost, time and money. Diabetic retinopathy, which is the primary cause of sight loss, has the most common symptoms like microaneurysms, haemorrhages, cotton‐wool spots, exudates and drusen. In this work, an efficient approach for the automatic detection of haemorrhages in colour retinal images is proposed and validated. The colour retinal images captured from the diabetic patients are enhanced by an effective pre‐processor. A bag of features based on intensity, colour and texture are extracted. Finally, the features are classified with the help of partial least square classifier. The classifier performance is validated on two publicly available databanks. The developed method obtains an area under receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.98 with an average execution time of 6 s. This application outperforms the existing approaches with high robustness and efficiency.
Data‐driven approach for identifying spatiotemporally recurrent bottlenecks
Authors: Song Tai‐Jin , Williams Billy M. , Rouphail Nagui M. 
Published: April 2018

Identification of recurrent bottlenecks is an effective way to hone an appropriate investment in current facilities to relieve congestion. Furthermore, it would enable the ranking or prioritisation of bottlenecks since bottleneck removal and its associated impact alleviation are hampered by limited sources. It is imperative that transportation jurisdiction understand and identify the basis for ranking bottlenecks by exploring: how often they are active; how long it takes the congestion to disappear; and how many miles of road are affected. Previous bottleneck identification schemes have focused on identifying congestion with little attention to distinguishing the recurrent level at the same ‘bottleneck’ location. In contrast to traditional schemes, a data‐driven approach for identifying recurrent bottlenecks is introduced, using probe vehicle speed reports. The historical spatiotemporal characteristics of bottlenecks are investigated through a comprehensive analysis of 2253 miles of all state‐wide interstates in North Carolina. Using the characteristics determined the recurrent bottleneck locations with a historical time span of bottleneck activation are revealed and tested. The findings of the proposed identification schemes generate critical information in order to quantify and diagnose a bottleneck and its associated impact area.
Shifting air‐conditioner load in residential buildings: benefits for low‐carbon integrated power grids
Authors: Ali Syed Muhammad Hassan , Lenzen Manfred , Huang Jing 
Published: April 2018

This study presents a simulation of low‐carbon electricity supply for Australia, contributing new knowledge by demonstrating the benefits of load shifting in residential buildings for downsizing renewable electricity grids comprising wind, hydro, biomass, and solar resources. The load‐shifting potential for the whole of Australia is estimated, based on air‐conditioner load data and an insulation model for residential buildings. Load shifting is applied to enable transferring residential air‐conditioner load from peak to off‐peak periods, assuming that air‐conditioners can be turned‐on a few hours ahead of need, during periods where demand is low and renewable resource availability is high, and turned‐off during periods of high demand and low resource availability. Thus, load shifting can effectively reduce installed capacity requirements in renewable electricity grids. For 1 h load shifting of residential air‐conditioners, Australian electricity demand can be met at the current reliability standards by 130 GW installed capacity, at cost around 12.5 ¢/kWh, and a capacity factor of 32%. The installed capacity can be further reduced by increasing the number of hours that loads can be shifted. The findings suggest that the application of load shifting in residential buildings can play a significant role for power networks with high renewable energy penetration.
Effect of calcination temperature on the structure and photocatalytic performance of BiVO4 prepared via an improved solution combustion method
Authors: Qi Yuanxin , Wang Min , Zhang Yu , Zhu Tong 
Published: April 2018

The bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) photocatalysts were synthesised via an improved solution combustion method. The effects of different calcine temperatures on microstructure and photocatalytic properties of BiVO4 were studied. The samples were characterised by X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray phototelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope, ultraviolet–visible and photoluminescence analyses. Furthermore, the photocatalytic activity of the sample was evaluated by photocatalytic decomposition of rhodamine B (rhB). The results showed that all samples were monoclinic structures with high purity. Moreover, the calcination temperature had significant effects on both morphology and photocatalytic properties of BiVO4. The sample obtained at 500°C had the narrowest bandgap energy and presented the best photocatalytic activity for the rhB photodegradation rate reached up to 86.67% after 50 min under visible‐light irradiation.
What can the annual 10Be solar activity reconstructions tell us about historic space weather?
Authors: Barnard Luke , McCracken Ken G. , Owens Mat J. , Lockwood Mike 
Published: April 2018

Context: Cosmogenic isotopes provide useful estimates of past solar magnetic activity, constraining past space climate with reasonable uncertainty. Much less is known about past space weather conditions. Recent advances in the analysis of 10Be by McCracken & Beer (2015, Sol Phys 290: 305–3069) (MB15) suggest that annually resolved 10Be can be significantly affected by solar energetic particle (SEP) fluxes. This poses a problem, and presents an opportunity, as the accurate quantification of past solar magnetic activity requires the SEP effects to be determined and isolated, whilst doing so might provide a valuable record of past SEP fluxes.
Aims: We compare the MB15 reconstruction of the heliospheric magnetic field (HMF), with two independent estimates of the HMF derived from sunspot records and geomagnetic variability. We aim to quantify the differences between the HMF reconstructions, and speculate on the origin of these differences. We test whether the differences between the reconstructions appear to depend on known significant space weather events.
Methods: We analyse the distributions of the differences between the HMF reconstructions. We consider how the differences vary as a function of solar cycle phase, and, using a Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, we compare the distributions under the two conditions of whether or not large space weather events were known to have occurred.
Results: We find that the MB15 reconstructions are generally marginally smaller in magnitude than the sunspot and geomagnetic HMF reconstructions. This bias varies as a function of solar cycle phase, and is largest in the declining phase of the solar cycle. We find that MB15's excision of the years with very large ground level enhancement (GLE) improves the agreement of the 10Be HMF estimate with the sunspot and geomagnetic reconstructions. We find no statistical evidence that GLEs, in general, affect the MB15 reconstruction, but this analysis is limited by having too few samples. We do find evidence that the MB15 reconstructions appear statistically different in years with great geomagnetic storms.
HPLC-ESI-MS Characterization of Certain Polyphenolic Compounds of Carica papaya L. Fruit Extracts and Evaluation of Their Potential Against Murine Schistosomiasis mansoni
Authors: Abdel-Lateef Ezzat , Rabia Ibrahim , El-Sayed Mortada , Abdel-Hameed El-Sayed 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe in vivo antischistosomal activities of Carica papaya L. extracts were evaluated and the characterization of the active secondary metabolites of the defatted methanolic extract was performed using HPLC-ESI-MS. The plant fruit powders were extracted with 85% methanol and fractionated using organic solvents. The in vivo antischistosomal effects of the methanolic extracts and its fractions, as well as the assessment of the relationship between the antischistosomal activity of these plant extracts and oxidative stress, was determined. In addition, the defatted methanolic extract was characterized by HPLC-ESI-MS analysis. The number of worms, ova, and the Oogram pattern displayed typical Schistosoma mansoni pathology 8 weeks after infection in mice. Treatment of the infected group with the defatted methanolic extracts significantly decreased worm burden, immature ova and mature ova, while increasing the percentage of dead ova in vivo. The butanol fraction was the most effective fraction reducing worm burden by 77%, ova count in the intestine by 76% and in the liver by 80%, and significantly decreased immature and mature ova (P<0.001) compared to the infected group. Additionally, the defatted methanolic extracts improved the reduced glutathione and malondialdehyde levels in hepatic tissues in the treated groups compared to the infected group. The HPLC-ESI-MS analysis of the Carica papaya defatted methanolic extract revealed the presence of several polyphenolic compounds. Carica papaya fruit extracts are rich with phenolic acids and flavonoids and show a significant effect against S. mansoni infections which may be used alternative to PZQ as anti-schistosomal drug against schistosomiasis.
Outcomes of Facial Nerve in Lateral and Inferior Mastoid Approaches for Jugular Foramen and Petrous Apex Lesions
Authors: Shah Saurin , Keshri Amit , Patadia Simple , Sahu Rabi , Kumar Raj 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the facial nerve in inferior and lateral (transmastoid) approaches to the jugular foramen and/or petrous apex.
Design Retrospective study of 11 consecutive patients operated for lesions in the jugular foramen/petrous apex via an inferior or lateral transpetrosal approach.
Setting Tertiary care superspecialty referral center.
Participants Eleven consecutive patients of jugular foramen/petrous apex lesions operated over a period of 18 months.
Main Outcomes Measures Extent of tumor resection, surgical technique used, and recovery of facial nerve function postoperatively.
Conclusion Approach to these lesions needs to be tailored to the extent of disease, possible histology and relation to the facial nerve. Meticulous surgery and adequate postoperative care permit a satisfactory recovery of facial nerve function following rerouting procedures.
Midterm Results after Open versus Arthroscopic Transosseous Repair for Foveal Tears of the Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex
Authors: Fujii Kenzo , Fujisawa Takeyoshi , Abe Yukio 
Published: April 2018

Purpose Various surgical procedures for foveal tears of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) have been reported, and the procedures can be grossly divided into open and arthroscopic repair. The surgical results of both procedures were compared.
Materials and Methods Twenty-nine patients underwent repair of a TFCC foveal tear. The 13 men and 16 women were in the age range of 14 to 72 years (average age, 30 years). Five patients had a history of distal radius fractures that healed uneventfully with nonoperative treatment. The mean duration of symptoms before surgery was 7.1 months. The procedure for repair consisted of 8 open repairs and 21 arthroscopic repairs. In both procedures, the TFCC was repaired transosseously to the ulna. The mean follow-up period was 34.4 (range, 24–70) months. The patients' pain, range of motion (ROM), grasping power, ulnar head instability, Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire (DASH), and Mayo modified wrist score (MMWS) were evaluated. The operating time was also compared.
Results There were no significant differences between the groups in pain, ROM, grasping power, ulnar head instability, and DASH. The MMWS was excellent in 8 patients in the open repair group, with 18 excellent and 3 good in the arthroscopic repair group. The mean operating time was significantly shorter for arthroscopic repair than for open repair.
Conclusion Satisfactory outcomes were achieved for both open and arthroscopic repair techniques in the midterm. If a surgeon becomes familiar with the arthroscopic repair, the arthroscopic technique would be more feasible than the open repair in terms of technical facility and shortening of the operating time.
Level of Evidence Level III, therapeutic study.
Was bestimmt die Prognose von Patienten mit Störungen des Schluckvorganges?
Authors: Hey Christiane 
Published: April 2018

Bock JM et al. Evaluation of the natural history of patients who aspirate. Laryngoscope 2017; 127: S1–S10
Die klinische Progression der Aspiration bis zu eventuellen pulmonalen Störungen ist nicht vollständig verstanden. Empfehlungen zur Ernährungsumstellung,
Schwere von Penetration und Aspiration gemäß PAS sowie die Ätiologie der Dysphagie beeinflussen möglicherweise die Zeitspanne bis zum Auftreten des ersten
pulmonalen Ereignisses sowie das Gesamtüberleben von Patienten mit VFS-dokumentierter, asymptomatischer Penetration und Aspiration.
Comparison of wear behaviour and mechanical properties of as-cast Al6082 and Al6082-T6 using statistical analysis
Authors: Rani Rana Sandhya , Pattnaik A.B. , Patnaik S.C. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
In the present work the wear behavior and mechanical properties of as cast A16082 and A16086-T6 were compared and analyzed using statistical analysis. The as cast Al6082 alloy was solutionized at 550°C, quenched and artificially aged at 170°C for 8hrs. Metallographic examination and XRD analysis revealed the presence of intermetallic compounds Al6Mn.Hardness of heat treated Al6082 was found to be more than as cast sample. Wear tests were carried out using Pin on Disc wear testing machine according to Taguchi L9 orthogonal array. Experiments were conducted under normal load 10-30N, sliding speed 1-3m/s, sliding distance 400,800,1200m respectively. Sliding speed was found to be the dominant factor for wear in both as cast and aged Al 6082 alloy. Sliding distance increases the wear rate up to 800m and then after it decreases.
Accuracy of death certification of dementia in population-based samples of older people: analysis over time
Authors: Gao Lu , Calloway Rowan , Zhao Emily , Brayne Carol , Matthews Fiona E ,   Medical Research Council Cognitive Function and Ageing Collaboration
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Background
death certification data are routinely collected in most developed countries. Coded causes of death are a readily accessible source and have the potential advantage of providing complete follow-up, but with limitations.

Objective
to investigate the reliability of using death certificates for surveillance of dementia, the time trend of recording dementia on death certificates and predictive factors of recording of dementia.

Subjects
individuals aged 65 and over in six areas across England and Wales were randomly selected for the Medical Research Council Cognitive Function and Ageing Study (CFAS) and CFAS II with mortality follow-up.

Methods
prevalence of dementia recorded on death certificates were calculated by year. Reporting of dementia on death certificates compared with the study diagnosis of dementia, with sensitivity, specificity and Cohen’s κ were estimated. Multivariable logistic regression models explored the impact of potential factors on the reporting of dementia on the death certificate.

Results
the overall unadjusted prevalence of dementia on death certificates rose from 5.3% to 25.9% over the last 26 years. Dementia reported on death certificates was poor with sensitivity 21.0% in earlier cohort CFAS, but it had increased to 45.2% in CFAS II. Dementia was more likely to be recorded on death certificates in individuals with severe dementia, or those living in an institution, yet less likely reported if individuals died in hospital.

Conclusion
recording dementia on death certificate has improved significantly in the England and Wales. However, such information is still an underestimate and should be used alongside epidemiological estimations.
Gut Barrier Dysfunction—A Primary Defect in Twins with Crohn’s Disease Predominantly Caused by Genetic Predisposition
Authors: Keita Åsa V , Lindqvist Carl Mårten , Öst Åke , Magana Carlos D L , Schoultz Ida , Halfvarson Jonas 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Background and Aims
The aetiology of Crohn’s disease is poorly understood. By investigating twin pairs discordant for Crohn’s disease, we aimed to assess whether the dysregulated barrier represents a cause or a consequence of inflammation and to evaluate the impact of genetic predisposition on barrier function.

Methods
Ileal biopsies from 15 twin pairs discordant for Crohn’s disease [monozygotic n = 9, dizygotic n = 6] and 10 external controls were mounted in Ussing chambers to assess paracellular permeability to 51Chromium [Cr]-EDTA and trancellular passage to non-pathogenic E. coli K-12. Experiments were performed with and without provocation with acetylsalicylic acid. Immunofluorescence and ELISA were used to quantify the expression level of tight junction proteins.

Results
Healthy co-twins and affected twins displayed increased 51Cr-EDTA permeability at 120 min, both with acetylsalicylic acid [p &lt; 0.001] and without [p &lt; 0.001] when compared with controls. A significant increase in 51Cr-EDTA flux was already seen at 20 min in healthy monozygotic co-twins compared with controls [p≤0.05] when stratified by zygosity, but not in healthy dizygotic co-twins. No difference in E. coli passage was observed between groups. Immunofluorescence of the tight junction proteins claudin-5 and tricellulin showed lower levels in healthy co-twins [p &lt; 0.05] and affected twins [p &lt; 0.05] compared with external controls, while ELISA only showed lower tricellulin in Crohn’s disease twins [p &lt; 0.05].

Conclusion
Our results suggest that barrier dysfunction is a primary defect in Crohn’s disease, since changes were predominantly seen in healthy monozygotic co-twins. Passage of E. coli seems to be a consequence of inflammation, rather than representing a primary defect.
TRAF2 and TRAF5 associated with the signal transducing receptor gp130 limit IL-6-driven transphosphorylation of JAK1 through the inhibition of proximal JAK–JAK interaction
Authors: Kimura Masanobu , Nagashima Hiroyuki , Okuyama Yuko , Ishii Naoto , So Takanori 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) and TRAF5 constitutively bind to glycoprotein 130 kDa (gp130) and inhibit IL-6-driven activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in CD4+ T cells, which limits the differentiation of pro-inflammatory IL-17-producing helper T cells that require IL-6-receptor (IL-6R) signals for their development. However, it is not known how the interaction between TRAF and gp130 negatively regulates STAT3 activity in the IL-6R complex. We hypothesized that TRAF proteins associated with gp130 might limit the activation of Janus kinase that is needed for the activation of STAT3. To test this, we transfected HEK293T cells to express gp130 and TRAF2 or TRAF5 together with two chimeric JAK1 proteins combined with either the N-terminal or the C-terminal protein fragment of firefly luciferase. Using this luciferase fragment complementation system, we found that the recovery of luciferase enzyme activity was coincident with proximal JAK1–JAK1 interaction and phosphorylation of JAK1 in the IL-6R complex and that the expression of TRAF protein significantly inhibited the recovery of luciferase activity. The binding of TRAF to gp130 via the C-terminal TRAF domain was essential for the inhibition. In accordance with this, upon stimulation of endogenous gp130 with a complex of IL-6 and IL-6R, Traf5−/− CD4+ T cells displayed significantly higher amounts of phosphorylated JAK1 than did their wild-type counterparts. Therefore, our results demonstrate that gp130-associated TRAF2 and TRAF5 inhibit the interaction between two JAK proteins in the IL-6R complex that is essential for initiating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway.
Using performance data and reproductive measurements to predict fertility in replacement beef heifers
Authors: Jones Arthur L , Berghaus Roy D , Studstill Matthew W , Segers Jacob S , Duggin Jason D , Cannon Patsie T , Stewart R Lawton 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis study investigated the predictive value of reproductive tract evaluation and growth characteristics measured 30–70 d prior to the breeding season on 1) pregnancy outcome and 2) time to conception in replacement beef heifers. A total of 1,992 heifers (BW 329 ± 42 kg; age 347 ± 27 d) were delivered for enrollment in the Georgia Heifer Evaluation and Reproductive Development (HERD) program between 2006 and 2011 at two locations. Physical traits were selected to assess management of heifers prior to entering the program in addition to developmental traits traditionally measured in the HERD program and included: reproductive tract maturity score (RTS), weight 70 d prior to breeding as a percentage of target weight, hip height (HH) 40–50 d prior to breeding, and average daily gain 40–50 d prior to breeding. Cattle entered in the program were of similar age and subjected to comparable nutritional and management programs. Chi-square test of homogeneity (pregnancy status) and the Kaplan–Meier product limit method (number of days from initial breeding to conception) were used to analyze univariate associations with predictor variables. Multivariate analyses of pregnancy status and time to conception were performed using logistic regression and Cox regression, respectively. The odds of pregnancy increased by 15% for every 2.5 cm increase in HH (P = 0.001), and by 20% for every 30-d increase in heifer age at the start of the breeding period (P = 0.019). Although RTS was associated (P = 0.015) with pregnancy status in the univariate analysis, after adjusting for the other variables included in the final multivariable model there was no significant association (P &gt; 0.05). RTS and heifer age were not associated (P &gt; 0.05) with time to conception in the multivariable analysis and were not included in the final model. However, HH was significantly (P = 0.005) associated with the time to conception after adjusting for location and year of enrollment. After 35 d, the hazard rate for conception increased 15% for every 2.5 cm increase in HH [hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) = 1.15 (1.04, 1.26); P = 0.005]. Variables intended to indicate prior management (average daily gain and weight 70 d prior to breeding as a percentage of target weight) were not found to be associated with pregnancy or time to conception. The results suggest that factors relating to maturity can be used to select heifers that are more likely to achieve pregnancy and have reduced times to conception.