bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutrition Questionnaires plus (NQplus) study, a prospective study on dietary determinants and cardiometabolic health in Dutch adults
Authors: Brouwer-Brolsma Elske Maria , van Lee Linde , Streppel Martinette T , Sluik Diewertje , van de Wiel Anne M , de Vries Jeanne H M , Geelen Anouk , Feskens Edith J M 
Published: July 2018

PurposeDuring the past decades, the number of people with cardiometabolic conditions substantially increased. To identify dietary factors that may be responsible for this increase in cardiometabolic conditions, the Nutrition Questionnaires plus (NQplus) study was initiated. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the study design and baseline characteristics of the NQplus population.ParticipantsThe NQplus study is a prospective cohort study among 2048 Dutch men (52%) and women (48%) aged 20–70 years.Findings to dateAt baseline, we assessed habitual dietary intake, conducted physical examinations (measuring, eg, anthropometrics, body composition, blood pressure, pulse wave velocity, advanced glycation end product accumulation, cognitive performance), collected blood and 24-hour urine and administered a variety of validated demographic, health and lifestyle questionnaires. Participants had a mean BMI of 26.0±4.2 kg/m2, were mostly highly educated (63%), married or having a registered partnership (72%) and having a paid job (72%). Estimated daily energy and macronutrient intakes (mean±SD) were 8581±2531 kJ, 15±2energy (en%) of protein, 43±6 en% of carbohydrates, 36±5 en% of fat and 11±13 g of alcohol. Mean systolic blood pressure was 126±15 mm Hg, total cholesterol 5.3±1.1 mmol/L and haemoglobin A1c 36±5 mmol/mol. A total of 24% of the participants reported to be diagnosed with hypertension, 18% with hypercholesterolaemia and 4% with diabetes mellitus. All measurements were repeated after 1 and 2 years of follow-up.Future plansWe endeavour to continue measurements on the long-term. Moreover, dietary assessment methods used in the NQplus study will be extensively validated, that is, Food Frequency Questionnaires, 24-hour recalls and urinary and blood biomarkers of exposure. As such, the NQplus study will provide a unique opportunity to study many cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between diet and cardiometabolic health outcomes using the best dietary assessment methods available so far.
Comparison of intracranial aneurysm flow quantification techniques: standard PIV vs stereoscopic PIV vs tomographic PIV vs phase-contrast MRI vs CFD
Authors: Roloff Christoph , Stucht Daniel , Beuing Oliver , Berg Philipp 
Published: July 2018

Image-based hemodynamic simulations to assess the rupture risk or improve the treatment planning of intracranial aneurysms have become popular recently. However, due to strong modeling assumptions and limitations, the acceptance of numerical approaches remains limited. Therefore, validation using experimental methods is mandatory.In this study, a unique compilation of four in-vitro flow measurements (three particle image velocimetry approaches using a standard (PIV), stereoscopic (sPIV), and tomographic (tPIV) setup, as well as a phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) measurement) were compared with a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. This was carried out in a patient-specific silicone phantom model of an internal carotid artery aneurysm under steady flow conditions. To evaluate differences between each technique, a similarity index (SI) with respect to the velocity vectors and the average velocity magnitude differences among all involved modalities were computed.The qualitative comparison reveals that all techniques are able to provide a reasonable description of the global flow structures. High quantitative agreement in terms of SI and velocity magnitude differences was found between all PIV methods and CFD. However, quantitative differences were observed between PC-MRI and the other techniques. Deeper analysis revealed that the limited resolution of the PC-MRI technique is a major contributor to the experienced differences and leads to a systematic underestimation of overall velocity magnitude levels inside the vessel. This confirms the necessity of using highly resolving flow measurement techniques, such as PIV, in an in-vitro environment to individually verify the validity of the numerically obtained hemodynamic results.
Fracture of monolayer germanene: A molecular dynamics study
Authors: Le Minh-Quy 
Published: July 2018

Molecular dynamics simulations with Tersoff potential were performed to study the fracture properties of monolayer germanene at 300 K. The two-dimensional (2D) Young’s modulus, 2D tensile strength and axial strain at the tensile strength of pristine monolayer germanene are about 36.0 and 37.5 N/m; 5.1 and 4.6 N/m; 21.4 and 15.9%, in the zigzag and armchair directions, respectively. Griffith theory was applied to compute the critical stress intensity factor. Compared to monolayer graphene, the critical stress intensity factor of monolayer germanene is much smaller. Fracture pattern and effects of the initial crack length on the fracture properties are also studied. Results are useful for future design and applications of this 2D material.
A first-principles study of the properties of two novel Si3P4 phases
Authors: Yang Ruike , Chai Bao , Wei Qun , Zhang Dongyun 
Published: July 2018

The structural, elastic, electronic and optical properties of two novel phases Si3P4 with tetragonal and orthorhombic structures are studied by first-principles calculations according to density function theory (DFT). For novel structures t-Si3P4 and o-Si3P4, the elastic constants results show that they are mechanically stable. The phonon dispersion spectra confirm that they are dynamically stable. The forming enthalpies prove their thermodynamic stability. The mechanical properties, such as the bulk modulus B, shear modulus G, Pugh ratio k, Young’s modulus E and Poisson’s ratios [Formula: see text] are calculated. The results show that t-Si3P4 has better anti-deformation ability than o-Si3P4, and t-Si3P4 is harder than o-Si3P4. The Poisson’s ratio values of t-Si3P4 and o-Si3P4 are 0.16 and 0.35, and the Pugh ratio values, k, are 0.88 and 0.33. For t-Si3P4, the Pugh ratio k [Formula: see text] 0.57 indicates that it behaves in a brittle manner. For o-Si3P4, it owns the better plasticity. The directional dependence of the Young’s modulus indicates that o-Si3P4 is more anisotropic than t-Si3P4. The calculated band structures show that the two novel phases are semiconductors, and the narrow indirect bandgaps are 1.847 and 0.158 eV by using PBE0. The densities of states (DOS) indicate that the P ‘p’ and Si ‘p’ play major roles in two phases total DOS. The results of the optical properties, such as the dielectric functions, absorption spectra, loss functions, refractive index, and so on are given. The static dielectric constants are 5.493 and 12.206, the starting positions of the absorption spectra are approximately at 1.815 and 0.140 eV, and the peaks of loss functions are at 15.503 and 11.763 eV, for t-Si3P4 and o-Si3P4, respectively.
The plutonic crust of Kohistan and volcanic crust of Kohistan–Ladakh, north Pakistan/India: lessons learned for deep and shallow arc processes
Authors: Petterson M. G. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

The Kohistan–Ladakh terrane, northern Pakistan/India, offers a unique insight into whole-arc processes. This research review presents summaries of fundamental crustal genesis and evolution models. Earlier work focused on arc sequence definition. Later work focused on holistic petrogenesis. A new model emerges of an unusually thick (
c.
55 km) arc with a
c.
30 km-thick batholith. Volatile-rich, hornblende ± garnet ± sediment assimilation-controlled magmatism is predominant. The thick batholith has a complementary mafic–ultramafic residue. Kohistan crustal SiO
2
contents are estimated at >56%. The new-Kohistan, silicic-crust model contrasts with previous lower SiO
2
estimates (
c.
51% SiO
2
crust) and modern arcs that imply <35 km crustal thicknesses and arc batholith thicknesses of
c.
7 km. A synthetic overview of Kohistan–Ladakh volcanic rocks presents a model of an older, cleaved/deformed Cretaceous volcanic system at least 800 km across strike. The Jaglot–Chalt–Dras–Shyok volcanics exhibit predominant tholeiitic-calc-alkaline signatures, with a range of arc-related facies/tectonic settings. A younger, post-collisional, Tertiary silicic volcanic system (the Shamran–Dir–Dras-2–Khardung volcanics) lie unconformably upon Cretaceous basement, and erupted within an intra-continental tectonic setting. Kohistan–Ladakh tectonic model controversies remain. In essence, isotope-focused researchers prefer later (Tertiary) collisions, whilst structural field-geology-orientated researchers prefer an older (Cretaceous) age for the Northern/Shyok Suture.
Atheroprone flow enhances the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition
Authors: Lai Baochang , Li Zhao , He Ming , Wang Yili , Chen Lili , Zhang Jiao , Yang Yan , Shyy John Y-J. 
Published: July 2018

The endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) is a cellular process featuring decreased expression of endothelial marker genes but increased expression of mesenchymal marker genes. The EndoMT is involved in endothelial dysfunction and the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. To investigate the dynamic expression of EndoMT genes in vascular endothelial cells under atheroprotective pulsatile shear stress (PS) and atheroprone oscillatory shear stress (OS), we analyzed RNA sequencing data from multitimepoint shear-stress experiments. This unbiased analysis involving next-generation sequencing confirmed that PS and OS had an opposite effect in regulating EndoMT genes. Further experimental validations with H2O2 and gain- and loss-of-function approaches indicated that reactive oxygen species are involved in OS-induced EndoMT, whereas AMP-activated protein kinase and sirtuin-1 could inhibit OS-induced EndoMT. Furthermore, compared with PS, OS increased the DNA methylation of the promoter regions of von Willebrand factor, CD31, and cadherin 5 genes but decreased that of cadherin 2, fibroblast-specific protein 1, and vimentin. The translational implication of the present study builds on the ability of the antidiabetic drug metformin and cholesterol-lowering drug atorvastatin to suppress the EndoMT in cultured endothelial cells and in mouse aortas. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our RNA sequencing data provided a genome-wide and unbiased view of the shear stress regulation of the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) in the endothelium. Furthermore, epigenetic regulation (e.g., DNA methylation) is a key mechanism involved in shear stress-regulated EndoMT. The translational implication of this study is that cardiovascular medications such as statins and metformin have similar beneficial effects as that of atheroprotective flow by mitigating EndoMT.
Sex differences in depression-like behavior and neuroinflammation in rats post-MI: role of estrogens
Authors: Najjar Fatimah , Ahmad Monir , Lagace Diane , Leenen Frans H. H. 
Published: July 2018

Patients with heart failure (HF) have a high prevalence of depression associated with a worse prognosis, particularly in older women. The present study evaluated whether sex and estrogens affect depression-like behavior and associated neuroinflammation induced by myocardial infarction (MI) in rats. MI was induced by occlusion of the left anterior descending artery in young adult male and female Wistar rats or in ovariectomized (OVX) female rats without and with estrogen [17β-estradiol (E2)] replacement. MI groups showed a comparable degree of cardiac dysfunction. Eight weeks post-MI, male rats with HF exhibited depression-like behaviors, including anhedonia and higher immobility in the sucrose preference and forced swim tests, which were not observed in female rats with HF. In the cued fear conditioning test, male but not female rats with HF froze more than sham rats. After OVX, female sham rats developed mild depression-like behaviors that were pronounced in OVX female rats post-MI and were largely prevented by E2 replacement. Cytokine levels in the plasma and paraventricular nucleus increased in both sexes with HF, but only male rats with HF showed an increase in cytokine levels in the prefrontal cortex. OVX alone did not affect cytokine levels, but OVX-MI caused significant increases in the prefrontal cortex, which were shifted to an anti-inflammatory pattern by E2 replacement. These results suggest that estrogens prevent depression-like behavior induced by HF post-MI in young adult female rats by inhibiting proinflammatory cytokine production and actions in the prefrontal cortex. NEW & NOTEWORTHY In contrast to male rats, female rats with heart failure after myocardial infarction do not develop depression-like behavior or increases in prefrontal cortex cytokines. However, after ovariectomy, female rats exhibit similar changes, which are prevented by 17β-estradiol replacement. Neuroinflammation in the prefrontal cortex in male subjects may contribute to depression-like behavior, whereas its estrogen-dependent absence in female subjects may protect against depression. Listen to this article's corresponding podcast at https://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/sex-differences-in-depression-like-behavior-post-myocardial-infarction/ .
Introduction
Authors: Gruber Christiane 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This special issue of Middle East Journal of Culture and Communication, entitled ‘Creative Dissent: Visual Arts of the Arab World Uprisings’, explores the artistic modes of dissent that have marked the uprisings during and in the aftermath of the so-called ‘Arab Spring’. Scholars working in various fields of the humanities consider the 2011 uprisings’ more creative—and rather fleeting—manifestations, from lived environments activated on the ground to imagined spaces generated by online platforms. Collectively, the contributors underscore that the visual arts of the Arab world uprisings should not be considered by-products or afterthoughts to social and political action. Instead, they are located at the core and at the vanguard, propelling the energetic dimension of crowds both in the streets and in cyberspace.
Observing Clouds in 4D with Multiview Stereophotogrammetry
Authors: Romps David M. , Öktem Ruşen 
Published: July 2018

AbstractNewly installed stereo cameras ringing the Southern Great Plains (SGP) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) site in Oklahoma are providing a 4D gridded view of shallow clouds. Six digital cameras have been installed in pairs at a distance of 6 km from the site and with a spacing of 500 m between cameras in a pair. These pairs of cameras provide stereoscopic views of shallow clouds from all sides; when these data are combined, they allow for a complete stereo reconstruction. The result—the Clouds Optically Gridded by Stereo (COGS) product—is a 4D grid of cloudiness covering a 6 km × 6 km × 6 km cube at a spatial resolution of 50 m and a temporal resolution of 20 s. This provides a unique set of data on the sizes, lifetimes, and life cycles of shallow clouds. This type of information is critical for developing cloud macrophysical schemes for the next generation of weather and climate models.
Pure delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and its combination with cannabidiol in treatment-resistant Tourette syndrome: A case report
Authors: Pichler Eva-Maria , Kawohl Wolfram , Seifritz Erich , Roser Patrik 
Published: July 2018

Objectives Anecdotal reports and preliminary studies suggest a therapeutic potential of cannabis in Tourette syndrome. We report the case of a female patient suffering from treatment-resistant Tourette syndrome. Methods Guideline-directed antipsychotic treatment with risperidone and aripiprazole as well as pure delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol had no significant effect on Tourette syndrome symptomatology. Results Following administration of a daily dosage of 10 mg delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol combined with 20 mg cannabidiol (CBD), the patient showed a rapid and highly significant improvement in the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale. Conclusions It can be speculated whether the beneficial effects may rely on the pharmacological properties of cannabidiol.
The effects of vestibular rehabilitation on dizziness and balance problems in patients after traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kleffelgaard Ingerid , Soberg Helene Lundgaard , Tamber Anne-Lise , Bruusgaard Kari Anette , Pripp Are Hugo , Sandhaug Maria , Langhammer Birgitta 
Published: July 2018

Objective: To investigate the effects of group-based vestibular rehabilitation in patients with traumatic brain injury. Design: A single-blind randomized controlled trial. Setting: University Hospital (recruitment and baseline assessments) and Metropolitan University (experimental intervention). Subjects: A total of 65 patients (45 women) with mild-to-moderate traumatic brain injury (mean age 39.4 ± 13.0 years) were randomly assigned to intervention ( n = 33) or control group ( n = 32). Intervention: Group-based vestibular rehabilitation for eight weeks. Participants were tested at baseline (3.5 ± 2.1 months after injury) and at two post-intervention follow-ups (2.7 ± 0.8 and 4.4 ± 1.0 months after baseline testing). Main measures: Primary outcome: Dizziness Handicap Inventory. Secondary outcome: High-Level Mobility Assessment Tool. Other outcomes: Vertigo Symptom Scale; Rivermead Post-concussion Symptoms Questionnaire; Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; and Balance Error Scoring System. Between-group differences were analyzed with a linear mixed-model analysis for repeated measurements. Results: At baseline, no group differences were revealed (personal factors, clinical characteristics and outcome measures). At the first follow-up, statistically significant mean differences in favor of the intervention were found in the primary (−8.7, 95% confidence interval (CI): −16.6 to −0.9) and secondary outcomes (3.7 points, 95% CI: 1.4–6.0). At the second follow-up, no significant between-group differences were found. No significant between-group differences in the other outcomes were found at the two follow-ups. Conclusion: The intervention appeared to speed up recovery for patients with dizziness and balance problems after traumatic brain injury. However, the benefits had dissipated two months after the end of the intervention.
Differences in primary palliative care between people with organ failure and people with cancer: An international mortality follow-back study using quality indicators
Authors: Penders Yolanda WH , Onwuteaka-Philipsen Bregje , Moreels Sarah , Donker Gé A , Miccinesi Guido , Alonso Tomás Vega , Deliens Luc , Van den Block Lieve 
Published: July 2018

Background: Measuring the quality of palliative care in a systematic way using quality indicators can illuminate differences between patient groups. Aim: To investigate differences in the quality of palliative care in primary care between people who died of cancer and people who died of organ failure. Design: Mortality follow-back survey among general practitioners in Belgium, the Netherlands, and Spain (2013–2014), and Italy (2013–2015). A standardized registration form was used to construct quality indicators regarding regular pain measurement, acceptance of the approaching end of life, communication about disease-related topics with patient and next-of-kin; repeated multidisciplinary consultations; involvement of specialized palliative care; place of death; and bereavement counseling. Setting/participants: Patients (18+) who died non-suddenly of cancer, cardiovascular disease, or respiratory disease ( n = 2360). Results: In all countries, people who died of cancer scored higher on the quality indicators than people who died of organ failure, particularly with regard to pain measurement (between 17 and 35 percentage-point difference in the different countries), the involvement of specialized palliative care (between 20 and 54 percentage points), and regular multidisciplinary meetings (between 12 and 24 percentage points). The differences between the patient groups varied by country, with Belgium showing most group differences (eight out of nine indicators) and Spain the fewest (two out of nine indicators). Conclusion: People who died of organ failure are at risk of receiving lower quality palliative care than people who died of cancer, but the differences vary per country. Initiatives to improve palliative care should have different priorities depending on the healthcare and cultural context.
Microhardness and water solubility of expired and non-expired shelf-life composites
Authors: Eliguzeloglu Dalkilic Evrim , Donmez Nazmiye , Kazak Magrur , Duc Bugra , Aslantas Akif 
Published: July 2018

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the Vickers hardness and water solubility of expired and non-expired shelf-life bulk-fill and conventional dental composite material. Methods: Four different expired (E) (after 6 months) and non-expired (N) shelf-life composite resin materials (Clearfil Majesty ES-2 Enamel, Clearfil Majesty ES-2 Dentin, Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill, and Tetric N-Ceram) were used. For each tested material, seven specimens were prepared and polymerized with a light curing unit. Vickers hardness measurements were made on the top and bottom surfaces. For the water sorption test, initially all specimens were weighted, the thickness and diameter of each specimen were measured, and the average volume of specimen was calculated. Then, each specimen was immersed in distilled water and kept in an incubator for 7 days and finally weighed again. Results: There was not any statistically significant difference between the microhardness results of expired and non-expired shelf-life composites on the top and bottom surfaces (p > 0.05). No significant difference was determined between the non-expired shelf-life composite materials on the top surfaces (p > 0.05). Non-expired Clearfil Majesty ES-2 Dentin showed lower microhardness than non-expired Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill and non-expired Tetric N-Ceram on the bottom surface (p < 0.05). Expired Clearfil Majesty ES-2 Dentin showed lower microhardness results than expired Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill on the top and bottom surfaces (p < 0.05). There was not any significant difference between the water sorption results of expired and non-expired shelf-life composites (p > 0.05). Expired Clearfil Majesty ES-2 Dentin showed higher water sorption than expired Tetric N-Ceram E-TN (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Expiration date did not affect the microhardness and water sorption of bulk-fill and conventional composites. The hardness and water sorption of the composite materials varied depending on the type of composites.