bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Derision and Demography: New South Wales and the Irish Orphan Girls of the Earl Grey Immigration Scheme, 1848 to 1850
Authors: McHutchion Benjamin 
Published: October 2018

From 1848 to 1850, 4175 female orphans from Irish workhouses were sent to the Australian colonies to escape from the Irish famine and to address the gender imbalance in the colonies. Anglo-centric colonial newspapers condemned the girls for their supposedly inferior demographics – Catholic, illiterate, Irish and female – and raised the spectre of Catholic predominance, leading to the cancellation of the immigration scheme at a time of great humanitarian need. Using the original shipping lists of the girls who landed in New South Wales and the colony’s census data, this paper uses a quantitative analysis to argue that while newspapers were relatively correct in characterizing the girls’ demographics, they were incorrect in their claims about how the girls’ arrival would influence the colony’s demographic development.
Chacoan Road Systems as Products of Social Organization
Authors: Bush Jason G 
Published: October 2018

The Chacoan road system is an understudied aspect of a very unique culture in New Mexico. The extensive roads present important evidence to the social structure of the Chaco people. A few theories have been presented about the reason for the roads, such as economic, administrative and religion. This paper argues that the roads were used for military purposes, because the roads provided quick access to all satellite townships in the region.
Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Pembelajaran IPS dengan Metode Problem Solving
Authors: Fernanda Emilia 
Published: October 2018

Students of grade 4 SDN 21 Batang Anai Kabupaten Padang Pariaman in learning process used to be passive. Teacher also often used the expository method. This is a classroom action research with two cycles that aimed to improve students’ learning achievement (cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains) through implementation of problem solving method in social subject learning. In cycle I, students’ score of cognitive domains is 6.46, students’ score of affective domain is 6.49, and students’ score of psychomotor domain is 6.49. In cycle II, students’ score of cognitive domains is 8.23, students’ score of affective domain is 8.24, and students’ score of psychomotor domain is 8.03.
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK KULIT BUAH JERUK NIPIS (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI ISOLAT KLINIS
Authors: Wardani Rohmi , Jekti Dwi Soelistya Dyah , Sedijani Prapti 
Published: October 2018

The objective of this research was to test antibacterial activity ethanol and ethyl acetate of lime peel (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) extract by Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) against the growth of clinical isolate bacteria. The type of this study used laboratory experimental using sensitivity test, dilution of tube and spreading plate. The experimental design used Complete Random Design using three repetitions on three concentrations i.g 25, 50, and 75%. Data was analyzed by qualitative with measuring inhibit diameter zone bacterial and qualitative using Two Way Anova followed by BNT with α= 5%. The statistical analysis showed that the solvent factor and concentration factor was significantly against growing bacterial and there was an interaction affect of both factors on S. aureus growth. The result presented that the ethanol and ethyl acetate of lime peel extract strongly inhibited Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa; and midly inhibited the growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae. The MIC ethanol and ethyl acetate of lime peel extract against S. aureus, S. epidermidis and P. aeruginosa was 25% and K. pneumoniae was 50%. The MBC showed that ethanol and ethyl acetate of lime peel extract killed bacteria P. aeruginosa at 15%, S. aureus, S. epidermidis at 20% and K. pneumoniae at 25%. Taken together, it can be concluded that ethyl acetate of lime extract more effective than that of ethanol extract was to inhibit and killed clinical isolate bacterial.Keywords: lime peel (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle), antibacterial activity, clinical isolate bacteria, MIC and MBC.
Modified Method for Minimizing Current Distortion of A Single Phase Bridge Rectifier Based on Current Injection
Authors: Saleh Al-hyali Aasef , Zynal Hussien , Mahmood Addelelah 
Published: October 2018

Single phase bridge controlled rectifier, nonlinear load,, produces harmonics that effects on power quality of the AC power system. These distortions cause different problems that need to be solved. Therefore, reducing harmonics is very important issue. In this paper, line injection technique is used to reduce harmonics on the ac side of the single-phase bridge controlled and uncontrolled rectifier. This method depending on injecting harmonic components of the dc converter current with an opposite phase to its ac side lines at a particular frequency to get sinusoidal wave as possible and improving the power factor. Two injection circuits are used. The simulation results of the modified suggested circuits have been compared in order to show the advantages and disadvantages of each type. Parameters of the injection circuits are chosen depending on derived mathematical equations. The system is modeled implemented by Matlab/Simulink. Simulation results show that THD of the AC current reduced about 81% with power factor around unity.
Utilization of Self-Excited Three-Phase Induction Generator System
Authors: Saied Basil , Mohammed Hasan 
Published: October 2018

In this paper the analysis of a three phase self-excited induction generator system under transient and steady states with various load conditions are presented. In rare area where assumed no national grid is present, but hydro or wind energy may be available a cheap prime mover, such as micro hydro or wind turbine may be applied, which has fluctuating speed. In order to obtain self-excitation, a voltage source inverter based on sinusoidal pulse width modulation strategy has been proposed. The generated voltage and frequency are regulated by adjusting modulation index value. The value of modulation index depends also on the DC voltage level obtained from batteries or solar panels. The proposed system has been also examined without main dc power source , but with the existence of bank capacitor located at the dc link side of the inverter, in this case the generated active power should be equal to/or greater than the required active load power. DC chopper load has thus been utilized to absorb the extra active power, this will control the DC voltage across the capacitor while modulation index will control the system AC output voltage. The generated voltage waveform contains harmonic orders around and higher than the switching frequency, therefore three-phase high passive filter has been used to eliminate the harmonics effects. As a result the machine terminal voltage and frequency values are regulated and maintained constant for different types of loads at different prime mover speed cases. In all these cases, total harmonic distortion values are within the standard values.
توظيف انشطة ادارة المعرفة كأفضل مسار معرفي لتمثيل الذكاء الاصطناعي / دراسة تحليلية وصفية للنشاطات المعرفية في جامعة دهوك
Authors: الاشقر سيف 
Published: October 2018

استهدف البحث التركيز على الأنشطة الأساسية في ادارة المعرفة ، وهي: (الاستحواذ والاختيار والتوليد والاستيعاب والنشر) التي تعالج المعرفة بأعتماد الذكاء الاصطناعي (AI) Intelligence Artificial، الذي يعد قاطرة التطور البشري القادم ويحكم القيام بتنفيذ حالات إدارة المعرفة لتتبنى (الحدث Episodic/ العمل) لكي يتناول المعرفة أثناء العمل، وبعبارة أخرى، فإن تنفيذ انشطة إدارة المعرفة بأعتماد وتوظيف تقنيات الذكاء الاصطناعي في كافة القطاعات الاقتصادية ،تعكس مجموعة وقائع تختلف في هيكلها ووظائفها وأغراضها وتتفرع في حالات مختلفة لتحقق مدى من المهام المختلفة وفقاً للجهود البحثية التي تطرحها ، ولما كانت المنظمة في حقيقتها تعيش على المعرفة وتتطور وتنمو باستخدام افرادها للجديد والمتطور منها، كأعتماد أنظمة الذكاء الاصطناعي في تنفيذها ، اذ تنتهي حياة المنظمة بتعذر الحصول على الموارد المعرفية اللازمة لاستمرارها ، ولغرض الحصول على هذه الموارد المعرفية يحتاج المورد البشري في المنظمة إلى تقنيات توفر مزيدا من الخيارات والتسهيلات للمستخدمين للتعامل مع التكنولوجيا الحديثة، يقودها الذكاء الاصطناعي فهو لا يوفر الفهم الواسع لظاهرة إدارة المعرفة حسب بل يعمل كوسيلة لبقاء المنظمات واستمرارها .
وعليه تم القيام بدراسة استطلاعية اولية في جامعة دهوك في العراق خلال المدة (2-30/5/ 2018) لتمثل عينة البحث، من خلال اعتماد استمارة الاستبانة بغرض تشخيص البعد الأكثر تاثيرا منها من خلال الاعتماد على البرمجية الجاهزة SPSS .ولتحقيق ذلك تم اعداد مخطط افتراضي يتضمن متغيرات البحث ,فضلا عن صياغة عدد من الفرضيات الرئيسة والفرعية تم اختبارها من خلال عدد من الاساليب الاحصائية . وقد تم توزيع (40) استمارة لغرض التحليل.وقد توصل البحث الى مجموعة من الاستنتاجات كان ابرزها : نتائج الاختبار الاحصائي (T-Test) ان جامعة دهوك قد استجابت وبسنة جيدة لاعتماد نشاطات إدارة المعرفة ومعالجتها بأعتماد تقنيات الذكاء الاصطناعي ،وقد تم تقديم عدد من التوصيات المتوافقة مع تلك الاستنتاجات.
دراسة حساسية بكتريا شيكلا في الغشاء الحيوي للمضادات الحيوية ومقارنتها مع حساسية البكتريا حرة المعيشة
Authors: شريف هاجر علي , غريب ساره صباح 
Published: October 2018

أظهرت نتائج الاختبار عن حساسية عزلات الشيكلا لـ (21) مضادا حيويا امتلاك عزلات الشيكلا مقاومة مطلقة للعديد من المضادات وحساسية مطلقة لعدد من المضادات الأخرى. كما تم اختبار حساسية جرثومة شيكلا في الغشاء الحيوي لاربعة من المضادات الحيوية (Tobramycin ,Imipenem , Amikacin , Nitrofuratoin) بطريقة الاقراص و أظهرت النتائج ان المضاد Imipenem هو المضاد الوحيد الذي أبدى فعالية تثبيطية لعزلات الشيكلا في الغشاء الحيوي.
The Efficacy of Lerek Fruits (Phrynium maximum)Extract Related Body Weight, Lipid Profile and Leptin in Wistar Rats-Induced High Fat Diet
Authors: Partan Radiyati Umi , Hidayat Rachmat , Agustin Yeni , Saleh Mgs Irsan , Parisa Nita , Lusiana Evi , Tamzil Nia savitri , Rosdah Ayeshah Agusta , Hakimi Abdulwahab 
Published: October 2018

Background
Phrynium maximum (local name : lerek ) is a plant native to Sumatera, Malaya and Borneo. This plants have a potential as a local wisdom for therapeutics. In Sumatera, Lerek was used as traditional treatment for fever, diarrhea, diabetics and for wound healing.

Aim of Study
Aim of this study to explore the efficacy of lerek fruits extract in body weight, lipid profile and leptin level in Wistar Rats-Induced High Fat Diet

Methods
This study was an experimental study , pre-post test with control group design. The sample in this study was 30 male rats, 8 weeks old, weight 150-200 gram. Rats were given high fat diet and lerek fruits extract at dose of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kgBW/day for 2 weeks. Lerek fruits was extracted by infusion methods. The results of this study were assayed by SPSS 18.

Results
Lerek fruit extract 100 mg/kgBW was more potent to reduce body weight gain, triglyseride level and leptin level than lerek fruit extract 50 mg/kgBW, 200 mg.kgBW, negative control and positive control.

Conclusion
Lerek fruit extracts had a potention to reduce body weight, triglyceride and leptin level.

Keywords: Lerek fruit extract â€“ body weight- triglyserida - leptin
The Efficacy of Temu Putih Fraction (Curcuma Zedoaria (Berg) Roscoe) Related Quality and Quantity of Spermatozoa in Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Fatrin Tiara , Salni Salni , Nita Sri , Hidayat Rachmat , Triwani Triwani , Marwoto Joko , Maritska Ziske , Saleh Mgs Irsan , Parisa Nita , Tamzil Nia savitri , Lusiana Evi , Rosdah Ayeshah Agusta 
Published: October 2018

Background
Male participation in KB is still relatively low when compared to the participationof women. Researchers have to do research to find the contraception drug. Temu putih (Curcuma Zedoaria (Berg) Roscoe) is one of traditional herb that used as antifertility.

Aim of Study
Aim of this study to examine change in the amount, motility, morphology, and viability spermatozoa male rats (rattus norvegicus) due to temu putih fraction suplementation.

Methods
This study was an experimental study using a completely randomized design (CRD), post test with control group design. The sample in this study was 30 male rats, 10 weeks old, weight 150-200 gram. Rats were given temu putih fraction (n hexan, etylacetate and methanol-water) at dose of 300 mg/kgBB/day for 48 days. Temu putih was extracted by ethanol and did fractionation by liquid-liquid methods. The results of this study were assayed by SPSS 18.

Results
The amount, motility, morphology and viability of spermatozoa in the group of metanol fraction of water decreased compared with the control group (p= 0,000), motilitas of spermatozoa in the group of metanol water fraction decreased compared with the control group.

Conclusion
Temu putih fraction can reduce the amount, motility, morphology, and viability of spermatozoa in male rats.

Keywords: Fraction, Temu Putih, Amount of spermatozoa, Motility of spermatozoa, Viability Of Spermatozoa
Identification of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolate From Fermentation Food Bekasam
Authors: Melizah Ardesy , Husin Syarif , Alkaf Syifa 
Published: October 2018

Bekasam is a local food from South Sumatera Indonesia, which is obtained through fermentation of fish. Previous study has shown that fermented food contained Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) bacteria, such as Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus sp, Pediococus sp and Weissella sp. The study was conducted to identify isolate LAB from bekasam. Bekasam contained fish, rice, and salt with a certain ratio. Further isolation of isolated LAB isolate, then performed PCR for bacterial analysis. Isolate 1 showed alleged bacteria Staphylococcus sp, non pathogen, while isolate 2 leads to Lactobacillus sp. The PCR results show the suitability of the bands formed between the Lactobacillus standard and the isolates.

Keywords: bacteria, lactobacillus, acid
The Role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factorin Thrombocytosis in Colorectal Cancer Patients
Authors: Subandrate Subandrate , Setyorini Dwi Indira , Mediarty Mediarty , Saleh Irsan 
Published: October 2018

Backgorund: Colorectal cancer was included in a group of cancer with various complications. One complication that was often a cause of morbidity and mortality was thrombocytosis. In colorectal cancer, the incidence of thrombocytosis associated with the formation of blood vessels around the tumor or angiogenesis. Factors that played an important role in angiogenesis was vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).
Methods: This study was an observational analytic research in colorectal cancer patients to determine the correlation levels of platelets and serum VEGF levels. A total of 33 patients with colorectal cancer at the Palembang Mohammad Hoesin Hospital be research subjects to examine the levels of platelets and levels of VEGF. The level of serum VEGF was performed using ELISA technique from SIGMAÂ®.
Results: The average level of the patient's platelets was281,090.9Â±105,860.8/mm3. In this study, two patients (6.06%) have thrombocytosis.The average serum levels of VEGF research subjects were 221.2 Â± 152.8 pg/mL.Correlation test of levels of serum VEGF and platelets levels showed the value of p=0.040 (p> 0.05) and r = 0468.
Conclusions: Thus, it can be concluded that in this research serum VEGF levels are almost always causes an increase in platelet levels in patients with colorectal cancer.
Risk Factors for Stunting Children Aged 6-59 Months In Pulau Panggung District, South Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Anjela Prihatina , Hidayat Rachmat , Harahap Debby Handayanti 
Published: October 2018

Background :. Stunting among children is one of the major health problems in developing countries. Globally, 45% of deaths among children are caused by malnutrition, meanwhile stunting, as one of the factors, plays an important role. Children who experience stunting can not achieve optimal growth and cognitive potential. Hence, that will have an impact on future productivity. Muara Enim district is included in one district with stunting prevalence, which is above 20%, i.e. 26.9%. This study was to identify the risk factors of stunting children in Pulau Panggung district, Muara Enim, South Sumatera.
Methods: This study applied observational analytic research using cross sectional design. It was conducted on August to October 2017 at public health center in Pulau Panggung district, Muara Enim. There were 83 children who fullfilled the inclusion criteria. The relationship between risk factors and stunting was analyzed using Chi square test and Logistic Regression test was applied to identify the risk factor that play the most role to stunting.
Results: 49,4% out of 83 children suffer from stunting, with a mean age of 29,37±13,69 months where the number of children stunting with male gender is 53.7% while female gender is 46.3%. Chi square analysis showed that there was a significant relationship among birth weight, birth length, mother's occupation, history of infection, exclussive breastfeeding and stunting (p< 0.05) but no significant relationship was found among sex, mother's education, maternal height and income with stunting (p> 0.05). Multivariate Logistic Regression test showed that mother's occupation and history of infection are the risk factors that contibute the most to stunting among children aged 6-59 months in Pulau Panggung district. The risk of stunting among working mothers is higher 5 times than unworking mothers and children with infection history have risk of stunting 3 times compared to children without infection history.
Conclusion: Mother's occupation and infection history are risk factors that contribute the most to stunting among children at Pulau Panggung district, Muara Enim, South Sumatera.
The Effect of Automated versus Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis on Mortality Risk in China
Authors: Li Xuemei , Xu Hong , Chen Nan , Ni Zhaohui , Chen Menghua , Chen Limeng , Dong Jie , Fang Wei , Yu Yusheng , Yang Xiao , Chen Jianghua , Yu Xueqing , Yao Qiang , Sloand James A. , Marshall Mark R. 
Published: October 2018

Background There is an emerging practice pattern of automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) in China. We report on outcomes compared to continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) in a Chinese cohort. Methods Data were sourced from the Baxter Healthcare (China) Investment Co. Ltd Patient Support Program database, comprising an inception cohort commencing PD between 1 January 2005 and 13 August 2015. We used time-dependent cause-specific Cox proportional hazards and Fine-Gray competing risks (kidney transplantation, change to hemodialysis) models to estimate relative mortality risk between APD and CAPD. We adjusted or matched for age, gender, employment, insurance, primary renal disease, size of PD program, and year of dialysis inception. We used cluster robust regression to account for center effect. Results We modeled 100,351 subjects from 1,178 centers over 240,803 patient-years. Of these, 368 received APD at some time. Compared with patients on CAPD, those on APD were significantly younger, more likely to be male, employed, self-paying, and from larger programs. Overall, APD was associated with a hazard ratio (HR) for death of 0.79 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.64 – 0.97) compared with CAPD in Cox proportional hazards models, and 0.76 (0.62 – 0.95) in Fine-Gray competing risks regression models. There was prominent effect modification by follow-up time: benefit was observed only up to 4 years follow-up, after which risk of death was similar. Conclusion Automated peritoneal dialysis is associated with an overall lower adjusted risk of death compared with CAPD in China. Analyses are limited by the likelihood of important selection bias arising from group imbalance, and residual confounding from unavailability of important clinical covariates such as comorbidity and Kt/V.
A Framework for Planet Detection with Faint Light-curve Echoes
Authors: Mann Chris , Tellesbo Christopher A. , Bromley Benjamin C. , Kenyon Scott J. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
A stellar flare can brighten a planet in orbit around its host star, producing a light curve with a faint echo. This echo, and others from subsequent flares, can lead to the planet’s discovery, revealing its orbital configuration and physical characteristics. A challenge is that an echo is faint relative to the flare and measurement noise. Here we use a method, based on autocorrelation function estimation, to extract faint planetary echoes from stellar flare light curves. A key component of our approach is that we compensate for planetary motion; measures of echo strength are then co-added into a strong signal. Using simple flare models in simulations, we explore the feasibility of this method with current technology for detecting planets around nearby M dwarfs. We also illustrate how our method can tightly constrain a planet’s orbital elements and the mass of its host star. This technique is most sensitive to giant planets within 0.1 au of active flare stars and offers new opportunities for planet discovery in orientations and configurations that are inaccessible with other planet search methods.
Implications of Captured Interstellar Objects for Panspermia and Extraterrestrial Life
Authors: Lingam Manasvi , Loeb Abraham 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
We estimate the capture rate of interstellar objects by means of three-body gravitational interactions. We apply this model to the Sun–Jupiter system and the Alpha Centauri A&B binary system, and find that the radius of the largest captured object is a few tens of km and Earth-sized, respectively. We explore the implications of our model for the transfer of life by means of rocky material. The interstellar comets captured by the “fishing net” of the solar system can be potentially distinguished by their differing orbital trajectories and ratios of oxygen isotopes through high-resolution spectroscopy of water vapor in their tails.
Observations of Turbulent Magnetic Reconnection within a Solar Current Sheet
Authors: Cheng X. , Li Y. , Wan L. F. , Ding M. D. , Chen P. F. , Zhang J. , Liu J. J. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Magnetic reconnection is a fundamental physical process in various astrophysical, space, and laboratory environments. Many pieces of evidence for magnetic reconnection have been uncovered. However, its specific processes that could be fragmented and turbulent have been short of direct observational evidence. Here, we present observations of a super-hot current sheet during the SOL2017-09-10T X8.2-class solar flare that display the fragmented and turbulent nature of magnetic reconnection. As bilateral plasmas converge toward the current sheet, significant plasma heating and nonthermal motions are detected therein. Two oppositely directed outflow jets are intermittently expelled out of the fragmenting current sheet, whose intensity shows a power-law distribution in the spatial frequency domain. The intensity and velocity of the sunward outflow jets also display a power-law distribution in the temporal frequency domain. The length-to-width ratio of current sheet is estimated to be larger than the theoretical threshold and thus ensures its occurrence. The observations therefore suggest that fragmented and turbulent magnetic reconnection occurs in the long stretching current sheet.
Limites du sport en droit musulman et arabe
Authors: Aldeeb Abu-Sahlieh Sami A. 
Published: October 2018

La société musulmane n’a pas octroyé au sport le rôle qu’il avait dans la société grecque. Dans le peu d’espace qui lui est consacré, le souci des juristes musulmans classiques et modernes est essentiellement de savoir si il est interdit, blâmable, permis, recommandé ou obligatoire. Mais il ne faut pas croire que le droit musulman est un corpus juris cohérent, unanimement admis par tous les musulmans. Les règles juridiques font débat et ce d’autant plus que le droit musulman n’est plus la seule référence législative dans les pays arabo-musulmans : si il est considéré comme une source, voire la source principale du droit, les systèmes juridiques de ces pays sont des système juridique hybride comportant des normes inspirées du droit musulman classique et du droit occidental.