bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spiral Sampling Method for Quantitative Estimates of Joint Roughness Coefficient of Rock Fractures
Authors: Li Yanrong , Mo Ping , Aydin Adnan , Zhang Xinjun 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Representative sampling of surface roughness is essential for reliable and consistent estimates of joint roughness coefficients (JRCs) by quantitative formulations. The most commonly used sampling method is the straight-line profiling along a predetermined shear direction. Because of anisotropy and nonuniform distribution of roughness features on natural joint surfaces, this method may work well only when the potential shear direction is known or can be predicted. However, there are no guidelines for the density of parallel straight-line profiles and how these can be synthesized into a representative profile. This article presents a spiral sampling method that addresses the shortcomings of the straight-line method. The roughness parameters derived from the spiral scanlines are closely correlated with the JRC values back-calculated from direct shear tests.
Self-Weight Consolidation Prediction Method Considering Properties of Segregating Sedimentation
Authors: Lee Min-Sun , Oda Kazuhiro 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Harbor areas are constructed on reclaimed ground that uses soft dredged soil for many reasons, and there are numerous engineering problems observed during the ground reclamation. The most critical problem involves the settlement caused by the recurring consolidation of dredged soil over a long period of time. Therefore, research is needed to define the characteristics of the reclamation’s consolidation. In many cases, the existing research results on the behavior of reclaimed ground constructed with coarse soil differ from its actual behavior. Therefore, a predictive study is required to estimate the behavior of dredged and reclaimed ground regardless of the properties of the dredged ground. Accordingly, this study performed the sedimentation and self-weight consolidation test to investigate the impact of the initial water content and input height on the sedimentation and self-weight consolidation properties of nonplastic dredged soil. Then, an estimation method was suggested to calculate the volume after the self-weight consolidation of dredged coarse soil.
Fiskalische Anreize für das Vorsorgesparen: Evidenz in der Schweiz
Authors: Hofmann Roland 
Published: August 2018

Zusammenfassung
Viele Staaten fördern private Sparanstrengungen im Hinblick auf den Ruhestand mit fiskalischen Anreizen. In der Schweiz können Einzahlungen in die „gebundene Vorsorge Säule 3a“ steuerlich abgezogen werden. Dieser Beitrag untersucht die Anreizwirkungen auf die Einzahlungen in diese steuerlich geförderten freiwilligen Alterskonten. Basierend auf Daten des Schweizerischen Haushaltspanels der Jahre 1999 bis 2014 werden verschiedene Modelle mit Logit-Regressionen gerechnet und die Ergebnisse werden mit Erweiterungen auf ihre Robustheit geprüft. Die Teilnahmequote an der „Säule 3a“ ist in der Schweiz hoch. Sowohl eine Steigerung des Einkommens als auch eine zunehmende Steuerbelastung führen dazu, dass die Säule 3a vermehrt genutzt wird. Bei den Haushalten mit mittlerem Einkommen wirkt der Steueranreiz besonders gut. Haushalte mit niedrigeren Einkommen hingegen nutzen die Vorsorge nur dann, wenn sie sich diese überhaupt leisten können. Haushalte mit hohem Einkommen nutzen den Steuervorteil der Säule 3a fast immer. Es zeigen sich aber markante regionale Unterschiede. In der deutschen Schweiz und in ländlichen Kantonen ist die Teilnahme höher als in der lateinischen Schweiz und in den städtischen Kantonen.
Bericht aus Brüssel: Inhalt und Verfahrensstand anhängiger Gesetzgebungsvorhaben im Bankrecht/Kapitalmarktrecht auf EU-Ebene, Teil 1
Authors: Wojcik Karl-Philipp 
Published: August 2018

Zusammenfassung
Spätestens, wenn am 1. 9. 2018 die Sommerunterbrechung des politischen Brüssel zum Ende gekommen sein wird, beginnt der Countdown für die von der EU-Kommission gemachten Gesetzgebungsvorschläge zu laufen. Denn vom 23. bis 26. 5. 2019 werden Wahlen zum Europäischen Parlament stattfinden. Dies bedeutet, dass de facto ab Anfang April 2019, wenn die Parteien in die heiße Wahlkampfphase eingetreten sind, Gesetzgebungsvorschläge, die die Kommission gemacht hat und welche dem ordentlichen Gesetzgebungsverfahren (Art. 294 AEUV ) unterliegen, mindestens bis zum Zusammentritt des neugewählten Europäischen Parlaments, wahrscheinlich aber sogar bis zur Amtsübernahme der neuen Kommission voraussichtlich im November 2019, im Wesentlichen „auf Eis“ liegen. Zwar gilt auf EU-Ebene nicht das Diskontinuitätsprinzip, so dass die anhängigen Gesetzgebungsvorschläge auch nach der Neuwahl des Europäischen Parlaments anhängig bleiben. Jedoch schließt sich Ende März 2019 faktisch das Zeitfenster, innerhalb dessen anhängige Gesetzgebungsvorschläge der Kommission vom Europäischen Parlament und vom Ministerrat im Gesetzgebungsprozess verhandelt und ggf. verabschiedet werden können.
Vor diesem Hintergrund will der Beitrag einen Überblick über Inhalt sowie den Verfahrens- und Sachstand wichtiger Gesetzgebungsvorhaben der EU-Kommission in den Bereichen der Finanzmarktgesetzgebung, insbesondere auf den Gebieten des Bank- und Kapitalmarktrechts geben. Wegen der Fülle der noch anhängigen Gesetzgebungsverfahren wird dieser Überblick in zwei Teilen erfolgen, von denen der erste Teil in diesem Heft veröffentlicht und der zweite Teil im kommenden Heft (5/2018) der ZBB erscheinen wird.
Effect of agrotechnological elements on milk thistle (Silynum marianum) productivity
Authors: Vozhehova R. A. , Fedorchuk M. I. , Lavrynenko Y. O. , Kokovikhin S. V. , Lykhovyd P. V. , Biliaieva I. M. , Nesterchuk V. V. 
Published: August 2018

The milk thistle is a highly valuable medicinal plant, widely used in treatment of liver diseases. Soil-climate conditions of the steppe zone of Ukraine are favourable for crop cultivation. The goal of the study was to determine relations between milk thistle productivity and elements of cultivation technology, viz., primary tillage depth (14–16 and 20–22 cm), inter-row spacing (30, 45, 60 cm), timing of sowing (3rd decade of March, middle of April, 3rd decade of April) and mineral fertilizer application doses (no fertilizers, N45P45, N90P90). Field trials were carried out during the period from 2010 to 2012 on the irrigated lands of the Institute of Rice of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine by using the split plot design method in four replications. The climate of the territory of the trials is typical for the steppe zone. The soil type was dark-chestnut residual solonetz middle-loamy soil. We used the Yuhoslava variety of milk thistle in the trials. Cultivation technology was standard, excluding the studied factors. The results of the trials showed significant impact of all the studied cultivation technology elements on milk thistle seed and oil yields. The maximum average seed (1.66 t/ha) and oil (489 kg/ha) yields were obtained under the primary tillage at the depth of 20–22 cm, inter-row spacing of 60 cm, sowing in the 3rd decade of March, applying mineral fertilizers in a dose of N90P90. The highest input in seed and oil yields rise was made by the mineral fertilizers, which increased milk thistle productivity by 1.57 times comparatively with non-fertilized treatments. We also established a strong direct interrelationship between seed and oil yield: coefficient of determination was 0.96. Results of the current study are slightly limited, so further investigations in the field of milk thistle cultivation technology development and improvement are required to provide Ukrainian farmers with scientifically grounded agrotechnology of this valuable medicinal plant.
Genetic diversity of Ukrainian local pig breeds based on microsatellite markers
Authors: Kramarenko S. S. , Lugovoy S. I. , Kharzinova V. R. , Lykhach V. Y. , Kramarenko A. S. , Lykhach A. V. 
Published: August 2018

Preserving the current diversity of the living material on Earth is fundamental for the survival of future generations . A study was conducted to investigate the genetic diversity of Ukrainian local pig breeds. A total of 350 pigs representing five local pig breeds from Ukraine (Mirgorod – MIR, Poltava Meat – PM, Ukrainian Meat – UM, Ukrainian White Steppe – UWS and Ukrainian Spotted Steppe – USS) and one commercial breed (Duroc, DUR) were sampled. Twelve microsatellite loci (SW24, S0155, SW72, SW951, S0386, S0355, SW240, SW857, S0101, SW936, SW911 and S0228) were selected and belong to the list of microsatellite markers recommended by ISAG. The results indicate that there exists, in general, a high degree of genetic variability within the five Ukrainian local pig breeds. However, the genetic variability in the MIR and PM breeds was significantly lower (mean Na = 2.92–3.92; Ho = 0.382–0.411; FIS = 0.178–0.184) than in the other three Ukrainian local pig breeds – UM, UWS and USS (mean Na = 5.00–8.42; Ho = 0.549–0.668; FIS = 0.027–0.066). Thirty-four private alleles were identified among the six analyzed genetic groups which were distributed between 11 of the 12 loci. A high number of alleles typical for the breed (private alleles) was observed in Duroc pigs – 9 alleles did not occur in Ukrainian local pig breeds. The HWE test showed that all of the polymorphic loci deviated from HWE (P < 0.05) in at least one population. Loci S0355 (5), S0386 (4) and SW24 (4) presented a higher number of populations in imbalance. The mean FST showed that approximately 77.8% of the genetic variation was within-population and 12.2% was across the populations. The five Ukrainian local breeds were classified into two major groups, according to the phylogenetic tree, which was based on standard genetic distance. Overall, we found that 92.6% of the individual pigs were correctly assigned (324 out of 350) to the respective breed of origin, which is likely a consequence of the well-defined breed structure. Probabilities from the allocation test of individuals for the six pig genetic groups were estimated with Structure Harvester. In cluster 1 the highest grouping probabilities were found for the MIR (0.917) and PM (0.750) breeds. Local breeds UM (0.824) and USS (0.772) were grouped in cluster 2. Cluster 3 was related to the local pig breed USW (0.873). Cluster 4 presented high allocation probabilities for the commercial pig breed Duroc (0.924). The obtained results are important for the future conservation of Ukrainian local pig breeds.
Fitting competing models and evaluation of model parameters of the abundance distribution of the land snail Vallonia pulchella (Pulmonata, Valloniidae)
Authors: Kunakh O. N. , Kramarenko S. S. , Zhukov A. V. , Kramarenko A. S. , Yorkina N. V. 
Published: August 2018

This paper summarizes the mechanisms behind the patterning of the intra-population abundance distribution of the land snail Vallonia pulchella (Müller, 1774). The molluscs were collected in recultivated soil formed on red-brown clays (Pokrov, Ukraine). Data obtained in this study reveal that V. pulchella population abundance ranges from 1 to 13 individuals per 100 g of soil sample. To obtain estimates of the mean, three models were used: the model of the arithmetic mean, the Poisson model and a log-normal model. The arithmetic mean of the occurrence of this species during the study period was 1.84 individuals/sample. Estimation of the average number of molluscs in one sample calculated using the Poisson model is lower and equals 1.40 individuals/sample. The distribution of the number of individuals in a population was described by the graphics "rank – abundance". The individual sample plot sites with molluscs may be regarded as equivalents of individual species in the community. For the analysis, the following models were used: broken sticks model, niche preemption model, log-normal model, Zipf model, and Zipf-Mandelbrot model. Applying the log-normal distribution gives a lower estimate of the mean density at 1.28 individuals/sample. Median value and mode is estimated at 1.00 individuals/sample. The Zipf-Mandelbrot model was shown as the most adequate to describe distribution of the V. pulchella population within the study area. The Zipf-Mandelbrot model belongs to the family of so-called non-Gaussian distributions. This means that the sample statistics do not possess asymptotic properties and by increasing the sample size, they tend to infinity, and are not close to the values of the general population. Therefore, the average value of the random variable that describes the non-Gaussian distribution has no statistical meaning. From an environmental point of view, this means that within the study area the capacity of the habitat is large, and for some combination of environmental conditions the rapid growth of the abundance of a given species is possible.
Ontogeny of Lobelia dortmanna genets in lake ecosystems
Authors: Lapirov A. G. , Belyakov E. A. , Lebedeva O. A. 
Published: August 2018

Lobelia dortmanna L. is one of the few rare, slowly growing relic plants occupying areas of the littoral zone of water bodies with low nutrient content and subject to wave action. Even in such difficult conditions, this plant successfully passes its entire life cycle, actively blossoms and fruits. That is why the peculiar features of the individual development of this plant in various geographical conditions is a matter of great interest. For the first time, this study considers in detail the ontogeny of the genet of L. dortmanna in oligotrophic lakes of Tver oblast. Detailed characteristics of the following age stages of individuals are given: resting seeds, seedlings, juvenile, young and adult vegetative, latent generative, middle-aged and old generative and quasisenile plants. It is shown that the transition to the juvenile age stage occurs at the end of the first year of life, the virginile age stage lasts two years, and the generative stage of development occurs in the fourth year of life. The change in the growth pattern of the rosette main shoot of Lobelia, from orthotropic to anisotropic, occurs in the second year of life. The establishment and further development of the generative organs of the plant and associated change in the growth of the main shoot from monopodial to simpodial occurs in the fourth year of life. At the same time, the branching of the main shoot begins by formation in the axils of the uppermost assimilating leaves (the last in front of the apical inflorescence) – 1–2 lateral rosette shoots. These are future ramets (vegetative diasporas), which ensure, in the future, the vegetative reproduction of the individual and spread to new territories. Taking into account that in lakes of Tver oblast, Lobelia groupings form dense aggregated clusters on the bottom, the transition of individuals to a quasisenile age state (in the fifth year of life) enables them to rejuvenate and survive after the death of the maternal shoot. The formation and further development of rosette lateral shoots allows the plant to re-occupy the territory via vegetative or seed propagation. Complete morphological disintegration (vegetative reproduction) occurs in the fifth year of life. The genets’ ontogeny is completed by the formation of a compact clone from the detached lateral rosette shoots.
Regulation of biosynthesis of lipids in Chlorella vulgaris by compounds of zinc, chromium and selenium
Authors: Bodnar O. I. , Kovalska H. B. , Grubinko V. V. 
Published: August 2018

We studied molecular and metabolic mechanisms of regulated lipid biosynthesis in Chlorella vulgaris aquaculture. after addition of sodium selenite (10 mg/dm3) when added separately and in combination with Zn2+ (5 mg/dm3) and Cr3+ (5 mg/dm3) during 7 days of their action in order to obtain biotechnologically useful lipid products, enriched with microelements. Experiments were carried out in accordance with generally accepted hydrological and biochemical methods. It was established that micronutrients that were added into the medium result in an increase in the total content of lipids in the range of 10%. The redeployment of lipid classes in chlorella cells occurs due to the action of sodium selenite in favour of phospholipids by reducing the proportion of diacylglycerols, while the amount of triacylglycerols and nonetherified fatty acids does not change. Combined action of sodium selenite and zinc ions leads to the significant increase of the relative content of diacylglycerols, and partial increase of nonetherified fatty acids, at the same time in the cells we can observe a slight decrease in the proportion of triacylglycerols and phospholipids. Inclusion of 14C-bicarbonate in carbohydrates, proteins and lipids of Ch. vulgaris is significantly different both from the control group and from the group to which we added the investigated factors. However, the predominance of inclusion in lipids is 2–3 times higher than its inclusion into carbohydrates and 9–12 times higher in proteins. The increase of labeled bicarbonate inclusion intensity into carbohydrates occurs only in the case of joint action of sodium selenite and zinc ions, in proteins and lipids – in all cases of trace elemental activity. It was revealed that the general tendency is the reduction of the inclusion of bicarbonate in Ch. vulgaris triacylglycerols and its increase in phospholipids and nonetherified fatty acids, except for chromium ions, that modified the inclusion of the label into diacylglycerols, which may be due to the specific toxicity of the metal ions. The activation of lipogenesis after addition of selenium, zinc and chromium compounds was confirmed by an increase in the inclusion intensity of 14C-oleate in various classes of lipids that are present in chlorella and increased activity of glycerol-3-phosphatacyltransferase. Direction and regulation of lipid metabolism in Ch. vulgaris in the direction of increasing the amount and accumulation of lipids and their separate classes using sodium selenite in combination with Zn2+ and Cr3+ with the purpose of forming selenium-metal-lipid complexes can be used to obtain biologically active lipidous preparations enriched with essential microelements.
ANDROLOGY EXAMINATION OF PATIENTS WITH PANCREATIC-SUFFICIENT AND PANCREATIC-INSUFFICIENT CYSTIC FIBROSIS
Authors: Repina S. A. , Krasovsky S. A. , Rozhivanov R. V. , Sorokina T. M. , Shileiko L. V. , Shtaut M. I. , Kurilo L. F. , Shmarina G. V. , Adyan T. A. , Kashirskaya N. Y. , Polyakov A. V. , Chernykh V. B. 
Published: August 2018

Introduction. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is common monogenic disease resulted from CFTR gene mutations. A most of CF male patients are infertile due to the obstructive azoospermia, however, the mechanisms of the reduced fertility in male patients without the obstruction of seminal ducts, also as the influence of CFTR genotype on their development is understudied.Objectiveis to assess an influence the effect of CFTR genotype, clinical form of CF and age on men reproductive system organs, fertility, and testosterone level and semen parameters in male patients with CF. Materials and methods. We examined 71 Russian men (17–39 years old, mean 24.9 ± 5.3) with CF (pancreatic-sufficient, n = 34, and pancreatic-insufficient, n = 37). Clinical, andrology, laboratory and instrumental examination, including scrotal ultrasonography, biochemical semen, and hormonal analyses were performed.Results. Testicular hypoplasia was reveled in 40,5 % CF patients. Diffuse alterations of epididymis, of epididymal and/or testicular cysts were detected in 62 % patients; 10 % of the patients presented symptoms of hypogonadism. As many as 88 % patients showed spermiological signs of bilateral obstruction of seminal ducts at the level of the vas deferens and epididymis, aplasia of the seminal vesicles (azoospermia, oligospermia, low pH and fructose level of the ejaculate). Pancreatic-insufficient CF is an unfavorable prognostic sign for the obstruction of vas deferens, morphological changes in the scrotum. Patients until 25 years (23 %) as 3849+10kb C>T mutation’s carriers (72 %) significantly more frequently presented preserved vas deferens.Conclusion. Pancreatic-sufficient CF, young age and 3849+10kbС>T mutation are favorable factors presented preserved vas deferens and the possible fertility in men with CF.
GENETIC FACTORS OF MALE INFERTILITY, THEIR COMBINATIONS AND THE SPERMATOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MEN WITH FERTILITY FAILURES
Authors: Safina N. Yu. , Yamandi T. A. , Chernykh V. B. , Akulenko L. V. , Bogolyubov S. V. , Vityazeva I. I. , Ryzhkova O. P. , Stepanova A. A. , Adyan T. A. , Bliznets E. A. , Polyakov A. V. 
Published: August 2018

The objectiveis to study the occurrence of common genetic factors of male infertility in men with reproductive problems, their combinations and spermatological characteristics.Materials and methods. 393 men with infertility in marriage were examined. According to the results of the cytogenetic study, the sample is divided into 3 groups: 135 men with numerical sex chromosome abnormalities; 58 male patients with a balanced structural rearrangement; 200 men with normal karyotype. Y chromosome microdeletions, CFTR gene mutations and CAG-repeats polymorphism of AR gene were analyzed.Results. The Y-chromosome microdeletions partially AZFc deletions were detected in 13 % male patients with sex chromosome abnormalities. A combination of chromosomal abnormalities with AZF deletions and/or CFTR gene mutations and long CAG repeats of AR gene was found in 19 % infertile men with balanced chromosome rearrangements. Infertile men with normal male karyotype presented the frequency of common genetic factors of male infertility was almost 2 times higher than the combined frequency of these factors in groups of patients with chromosomes abnormalities. Azoospermia in men with normal karyotype and patients with chromosome abnormalities was diagnosed with the same frequency (58 %). In all men who have identified the presence of two or more genetic factors of male infertility, severe forms of pathozoospermia (azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia) were found.Conclusion. The combination of genetic factors of male infertility is accompanied by severe forms of pathozoospermia that indicates a possible additive effect of negative effect on spermatogenesis and male fertility.