bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiac arrest as an age-dependent prognosticator for long-term mortality after acute myocardial infarction: the potential impact of infarction size
Authors: Sulzgruber Patrick , Schnaubelt Sebastian , Koller Lorenz , Goliasch Georg , Niederdöckl Jan , Simon Alexander , El-Hamid Feras , Rothgerber David-Jonas , Wojta Johann , Niessner Alexander 
Published: June 2018

Background: The development of cardiac arrhythmias resulting in cardiac arrest represents a severe complication in patients with acute myocardial infarction. While the worsening of the prognosis in this vulnerable patient collective is well known, less attention has been paid to its age-specific relevance from a long-term perspective. Methods: Based on a clinical acute myocardial infarction registry we analysed 832 patients with acute myocardial infarction within the current analysis. Patients were stratified into equal groups ( n=208 per group) according to age in less than 45 years, 45–64 years, 65–84 years and 85 years and older via propensity score matching. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to assess the age-dependent influence of cardiac arrest on mortality. Results: The total number of cardiac arrests differed significantly between age groups, demonstrating the highest incidence in the youngest population with 18.8% ( n=39), and a significantly lower incidence by increasing age (−11.6%; P=0.01). After a mean follow-up time of 8 years, a total of 264 patients (31.7%) died due to cardiovascular causes. While cardiac arrest was a strong and independent predictor for mortality within the total study population with an adjusted hazard ratio of 3.21 (95% confidence interval 2.23–4.61; P<0.001), there was no significant association with mortality independently in very young patients (<45 years; adjusted hazard ratio of 1.73, 95% confidence interval 0.55–5.53; P=0.35). Conclusion: We found that arrhythmias resulting in cardiac arrest are more common in very young acute myocardial infarction patients (<45 years) compared to their older counterparts, and were able to demonstrate that the prognostic value of cardiac arrest on long-term mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction is clearly age dependent.
The distribution of bone mineral density in the femoral heads of unstable intertrochanteric fractures
Authors: Uemura Keisuke , Takao Masaki , Otake Yoshito , Hamada Hidetoshi , Sakai Takashi , Sato Yoshinobu , Sugano Nobuhiko 
Published: June 2018

Purpose: Intertrochanteric fractures are usually treated with open reduction and internal fixation, but controversy still remains regarding the proper placement of the lag screw on the anteroposterior view. The stability of the lag screw has been shown to correlate with the bone quality around the screw, but the three-dimensional distribution of the bone mineral density (BMD) in the femoral head has not been studied in detail. Herein, the BMD along the femoral neck axis was measured to clarify the recommended position of the lag screw. Methods: Ten femoral heads acquired from intertrochanteric fractures were evaluated in this study. Each femoral head was scanned with micro computed tomography and the BMD along the femoral neck axis was measured in five regions: center, anterior, posterior, superior, and inferior. The BMD on the anteroposterior view (superior, center, and inferior) and the BMD on the lateral view (anterior, center, and posterior) were compared. Results: The BMD of the center region (173.0 ± 50.6 mg/cm3) was significantly higher than that of the inferior region (139.7 ± 50.1 mg/cm3) on the anteroposterior view ( p < 0.01). On the lateral view, the BMD was lower than the center region in the anterior region (165.7 ± 52.8 mg/cm3) and in the posterior region (157.5 ± 42.3 mg/cm3), but the difference was not significant. Conclusion: The BMD was higher in the center region of the femoral head than in the inferior region. Therefore, lag screws are recommended to be inserted into the center of the femoral head.
Does the sex of the preterm baby affect respiratory outcomes?
Authors: Kotecha Sarah J. , Lowe John , Kotecha Sailesh 
Published: June 2018

Being born very preterm is associated with later deficits in lung function and an increased rate of respiratory symptoms compared with term-born children. The rates of early respiratory infections are higher in very preterm-born subjects, which may independently lead to deficits in lung function in later life. As with very preterm-born children, deficits in lung function, increased respiratory symptoms and an increased risk of respiratory infections in early life are observed in late ­preterm-born children. However, the rates of respiratory symptoms are lower compared with very preterm-born children. There is some evidence to suggest that respiratory outcomes may be improving over time, although not all the evidence suggests improvements. Male sex appears to increase the risk for later adverse respiratory illness. Although not all studies report that males have worse long-term respiratory outcomes than females. It is essential that preterm-born infants are followed up into childhood and beyond, and that appropriate treatment for any lung function deficits and respiratory symptoms is prescribed if necessary. If these very preterm-born infants progress to develop chronic obstructive airway disease in later life then the impact, not only on the individuals, but also the economic impact on healthcare services, is immense.Educational aimsTo report the effect of the sex of the preterm baby on respiratory outcomes.To explore the short- and long-term respiratory outcomes of preterm birth.
Conversion Disorder
Authors: Feinstein Anthony 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This article provides a broad overview of conversion disorder, encompassing diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, etiologic theories, functional neuroimaging findings, outcome data, prognostic indicators, and treatment.

RECENT FINDINGS
Two important changes have been made to the recent Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) diagnostic criteria: the criteria that conversion symptoms must be shown to be involuntary and occurring as the consequence of a recent stressor have been dropped. Outcome studies show that the rate of misdiagnosis has declined precipitously since the 1970s and is now around 4%. Functional neuroimaging has revealed a fairly consistent pattern of hypoactivation in brain regions linked to the specific conversion symptom, accompanied by ancillary activations in limbic, paralimbic, and basal ganglia structures. Cognitive-behavioral therapy looks promising as the psychological treatment of choice, although more definitive data are still awaited, while preliminary evidence indicates that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation could prove beneficial as well.

SUMMARY
Symptoms of conversion are common in neurologic and psychiatric settings, affecting up to 20% of patients. The full syndrome of conversion disorder, while less prevalent, is associated with a guarded prognosis and a troubled psychosocial outcome. Much remains uncertain with respect to etiology, although advances in neuroscience and technology are providing reproducible findings and new insights. Given the confidence with which the diagnosis can be made, treatment should not be delayed, as symptom longevity can influence outcome.
Apraxia, Neglect, and Agnosia
Authors: Coslett H. Branch 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
In part because of their striking clinical presentations, disorders of higher nervous system function figured prominently in the early history of neurology. These disorders are not merely historical curiosities, however. As apraxia, neglect, and agnosia have important clinical implications, it is important to possess a working knowledge of the conditions and how to identify them.

RECENT FINDINGS
Apraxia is a disorder of skilled action that is frequently observed in the setting of dominant hemisphere pathology, whether from stroke or neurodegenerative disorders. In contrast to some previous teaching, apraxia has clear clinical relevance as it is associated with poor recovery from stroke. Neglect is a complex disorder with many different manifestations that may have different underlying mechanisms. Neglect is, in the author’s view, a multicomponent disorder in which impairment in attention and arousal is a major contributor. Finally, agnosias come in a wide variety of forms, reflecting impairments ranging from low-level sensory processing to access to stored knowledge of the world (semantics).

SUMMARY
The classic behavioral disorders reviewed here were of immense interest to early neurologists because of their arresting clinical phenomenology; more recent investigations have done much to advance the neuroscientific understanding of the disorders and to reveal their clinical relevance.
Diagnosis and Management of Anxiety Disorders
Authors: Giacobbe Peter , Flint Alastair 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This article provides a synopsis of the current understanding of the pathophysiology of anxiety disorders, the biological and environmental risk factors that contribute to their development and maintenance, a review of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) diagnostic criteria, and a practical approach to the treatment of anxiety disorders in adults.

RECENT FINDINGS
Despite the ubiquity of anxiety, the evidence is that most individuals with an anxiety disorder are not identified and do not receive guideline-level care. In part, this may be because of the manifold clinical presentations of anxiety disorders and clinicians’ lack of confidence in accurately diagnosing and treating these conditions, especially in nonpsychiatric settings. Anxiety disorders represent the complex interplay between biological, psychological, temperamental, and environmental factors. Converging lines of evidence point to dysfunction in regulating activity in the “threat circuit” in the brain as a putative common pathophysiology underlying anxiety disorders. Evidence-based treatments for anxiety disorders, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy and antidepressant medications, have been shown to regulate activity in this circuit, which consists of reciprocal connections between the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, insula, and amygdala.

SUMMARY
Anxiety disorders are the most common class of emotional disorders and a leading cause of disability worldwide. A variety of effective treatment strategies are available, which may exert their therapeutic benefits from top-down or bottom-up modulation of the dysfunctional brain activity associated with anxiety disorders.
Primary Progressive Aphasia and Stroke Aphasia
Authors: Grossman Murray , Irwin David J. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This article summarizes the clinical and anatomic features of the three named variants of primary progressive aphasia (PPA): semantic variant PPA, nonfluent/agrammatic variant PPA, and logopenic variant PPA. Three stroke aphasia syndromes that resemble the PPA variants (Broca aphasia, Wernicke aphasia, and conduction aphasia) are also presented.

RECENT FINDINGS
Semantic variant PPA and Wernicke aphasia are characterized by fluent speech with naming and comprehension difficulty; these syndromes are associated with disease in different portions of the left temporal lobe. Patients with nonfluent/agrammatic variant PPA or Broca aphasia have nonfluent speech with grammatical difficulty; these syndromes are associated with disease centered in the left inferior frontal lobe. Patients with logopenic variant PPA or conduction aphasia have difficulty with repetition and word finding in conversational speech; these syndromes are associated with disease in the left inferior parietal lobe. While PPA and stroke aphasias resemble one another, this article also presents their distinguishing features.

SUMMARY
Primary progressive and stroke aphasia syndromes interrupt the left perisylvian language network, resulting in identifiable aphasic syndromes.
Man Slaving to Divine: A Socio-religious Custom Gleaned from the Nineteenth Century Palm Leaves
Authors: Payyappilly Ignatius 
Published: June 2018

This paper is an attempt to explore and analyse the practice of the institution of slavery observed by the Syrian Christian communities in Kerala. There are eighteenth and nineteenth century palm leaf (manuscript) records in the Syrian Christian churches in Kerala establishing the same which needs to be understood in its secular and spiritual senses since these records are evidence of both the secular practice of slavery as a social custom and a religious practice of adima (slave) offering as a spiritual activity. So also, this paper is an attempt to explore and analyse the origin of adimappanam or adimakasu found in the Church records.
Keywords: Syrian Christians; Slavery; Palm leave records; Adima; Adimappanam; Slave offering
Rehabilitation Needs of Persons with Schizophrenia and their Families
Authors: Pavithra S Raghava , Niveditha S , Dharitri R 
Published: June 2018

Schizophrenia, a major mental illness, is associated withdisability in almost all areas of living. A psychosocialrehabilitation programme that comprehensivelyaddresses the needs felt by users is essential for themanagement of this disability. This paper aims at givinginsights about the perceived rehabilitation needs ofpersons with schizophrenia and their primary caregivers.The sample consisted of 30 out-patients diagnosed withSchizophrenia (ICD-10 criteria), and their respectivecaregivers (30 in number). Perceived rehabilitation needswere assessed using the Rehabilitation Needs AssessmentSchedule (Nagaswami et al, 1985). The major needsidentified by patients as well as caregivers were attitudemodification, employment, and help for the family.Additionally, caregivers expressed a need for skillstraining and options for leisure time engagement for theirwards. These findings have implications for planningpsychosocial rehabilitation programmes.
Schedule of Factors Influencing Adherence (SOFIA) to Psychiatric Treatment in Persons with Schizophrenia: Validity and Pilot Testing
Authors: Shanivaram Reddy K , Reddy N Krishna , Jagadisha Thirthalli , Naveen Kumar C , Renukadevi N. R. , Rawat Vikram Singh , Jayashree Ramkrishna , Gangadhar Bangalore N. 
Published: June 2018

Qualitative research has highlighted the complexinterplay of multiple factors that preclude persons withschizophrenia in rural Indian settings for discontinuedpsychiatric treatment. In this context, this paper aims toestablish the face and content validities of an interviewschedule titled „Schedule of Factors InfluencingAdherence (SOFIA) to Psychiatric Treatment in Personswith Schizophrenia‟ which comprehensively assessesfactors for discontinued psychiatric treatment and thefeasibility of its administration of the schedule. SOFIAcontains 16 factors. This schedule involves three phases of interviewing patients and family members. This wasgiven to twelve experts who used likert scales to rate eachitems wells as the dimensions of the schedule. Later on,fifteen persons with schizophrenia were interviewed withSOFIA to test the feasibility of administration. The resultsshowed that Fourteen items were rated as eithersatisfactory (score=4) or very much satisfactory (score=5)by all twelve experts; remaining two were rated as 4 or 5by 11 experts. Regarding comprehensiveness of thefactors, scoring methods and general instructions given tothe interviewers, all provided scores > 4; regardingmethod of interviewing, 11 provided score of > 4; withregard to overall interview schedule, all experts providedscores > 4. Pilot testing revealed that it took 60 minutes toadminister SOFIA.
Editorial
Authors: Kumaramkandath Rajeev 
Published: June 2018

Artha–the journal exclusively dedicated to Social Sciences and Humanities from Christ University, Bengaluru–has entered into its 15th year of life in 2016. It is indeed a long period considering the delicacy of the publishing industry in social science academia. This intervening period has also been quite turbulent and volatile, to say the least, for the paradigmatic changes it has seen in the domains of global politics and social thinking. There has been a rupture in the social existence of human beings as new technologies and ideas invade and occupy our surroundings on rampant scales. While economic reforms and neoliberal policies of states have a central role in generating these changes their impacts on the social, cultural, and political surroundings have been massive and clearly outside the immediate domains of economics. Mapping these social changes and structural realities then become a major task where other social science disciplines like Sociology, Anthropology, and Cultural Studies have a major stake.
This is the larger background against which the current edition of AJSS is launched. As such it involves writings from the ‘twin disciplines’ of Sociology and Social Work and covers a wide range of issues. Having articles from these disciplinary platforms in the same space has its own merits and risks. Interestingly, when one of the editors of this volume had a discussion with a renowned professor, who, also happens to be the editor’s teacher, regarding the issue, the professor did not conceal his unhappiness over universities and higher educational bodies still treating these disciplines as two sides of the same coin. “Their differences are not sufficiently respected” was what he had to say. The statement is indeed problematic in an era of interdisciplinarity.
When Modern meets Contemporary
Authors: Sunder Sumithra 
Published: June 2018

Public spaces and institutions have often been linked when it comes to art practice in Bangalore. Whether it was the large-scale earthworks or the appropriation of heritage spaces taken on by artists, the spaces occupied by the public and the public art institutions have had a strong impact on the ways art gets produced in the city. There is also an additional element of reclaiming public spaces that is the struggle of most cities today. Since February this year, the artist community of Bangalore has protested against the move made by the government to 'hand over' the Venkatappa Art Gallery to a private entity. This has spurred a lot of conversations about public spaces and public resources in the city, specifically, in relation to art. Art history and the 'teaching of art' have often been celebrated as an achievement of European scholarship. It is true that a number of institutions set up to teach art in India are a colonial legacy, but what emerged post-independence is a culture of rejecting European aesthetics and trying to form a national one if it were. And in our era of postmodern/postcolonial awareness, there is a fluidity in the conduct of the institutions and in the understanding of public spaces that have contributed to the aesthetic of the contemporary artist. In the light of the recent events, this paper will examine the ways in which the art gallery and later the freeform collectives serve as educational spaces for students and subsequently, explore the implications of the lack of such spaces in the practice of art in contemporary times.
Compassionate Love: Bearing Transcendence
Authors: Moyaert Paul 
Published: June 2018

The view that charity consists in an expansion of existing interpersonal relations is rather misleading. We need to see it as a radical transformation, of existing relations, even if this suspension is only temporary. In charity we see a person as someone who is no longer capable of reacting appropriately. Someone who is no longer capable of behaving as a „person‟ nevertheless continues to be a person. She does not lose her personal sanctity or dignity even if she has lost a practical grasp on controlling and guiding the course of her life. Today we often tend to reduce charity to a compassionate form of helping, or aid-giving, such as when materials, doctors and psychologists are sent to regions that are torn apart by war or famine. It is much easier to understand charity when it can be measured against the reduction of physical and emotional distress. It is much more difficult to understand charity in cases where aid proves to be powerless, when there is no measurable return or change that is brought about. While ethics cannot teach us what to do once compassion, benevolence and forgiveness fail to make any difference, prayer can help us to move forward. Praying for others, more specifically, the long-suffering involved in prayer, is a particularly important form of charity. It has the power to lift us above our inability to do anything helpful. We pray at the very moment when we experience our powerlessness to help.
Bradley’s Account of the Self as Appearance: Between Kant’s Transcendental Idealism and Hegel’s Speculative Idealism
Authors: Ilodigwe Damian 
Published: June 2018

The constitutive activity of the self and the ground of the unity of the self are two important aspects of understanding the self. This paper attempts to delineatethese considerations, tracing their use, function and implications in Bradley’s thesis on the self. The article argues that for Bradley, the focalization is on the understanding of the self and the relation of thought to reality. Furthermore, the article attempts to locate Bradley’s account of the self as appearance as a middle course between Kant’s transcendental idealism to Hegel’s speculative idealism to demonstrate the overlaps, ruptures, and evolution of the philosophical journey of the concept of the self, its nature, and its expressions.
Meaning in Life and its Vitality in the Praxis
Authors: Thurackal Jobi Thomas 
Published: June 2018

This paper examines the different aspects of meaning in life from a theoretical perspective of philosophy and psychology. It deals mainly with the dynamism ofmeaning in life on the basis of contextual perspectives and its emergence from different sources. In this regard, religion plays an important role in the formation of meaning in life, especially in relation to its competence. Moreover, the praxis of meaning in life is processoriented and is different from the purpose of life. It also remains as a connector between the existential vacuum and the reality of life, promoting stability in life. The expression of meaning in life can be based on both low and high levels. Above all, meaning in life can be seen from two different aspects of presence of meaning and search for meaning, specifically from the empirical and Indian contexts.
The Ethics and Spirituality Initiative in Connection with the United Nations Sustainable Development Process
Authors: Greene Herman F 
Published: June 2018

After twenty-five years sustainable development is not a reality. Policies and practices focus on the short-term and economists regard sustainable development as extraneous to their core responsibilities. Science, economics and self- interest have not proven a sufficient ground for sustainable development. Ethics calling for moral reasoning and courageous action, spirit offering transcendence, vision and sustenance, and value asking what is development for are needed. United Nations negotiations have shaped, are shaping, and will continue to shape the meaning and practice of sustainable development. A global citizens‘ movement to build the political will for change is needed. To catalyze sustainable development ethics, religion and spirituality must operate out of a historical context and narrative of a ―Great Transition. ‖ Ethics must enter at the ground level in determining how science, technology, and economics are to be conceived. Religion and spirit must begin with respect for the order of existence. A particular ―Ethics and Spirituality Initiative for Sustainable Development‖ is building a coalition of religious, spiritual and secular values based-organizations to bring ethics and spirituality into the sustainable development process.