bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inkjet technology for ceramic products. Influence of some process variables on ink penetration
Authors: Amorós Jose Luis , Moreno Arnaldo , Blasco Encarna , Pérez Joaquin Javier , Navarro Sandra , Reverter Sandra 
Published: July 2019

AbstractInkjet technology has become very popular in recent years and is nowadays widely used for decorating ceramic products. This has led to in‐depth study of the operating principles and process variables involved. These notably influence the properties of the deposited ink layers, as do the physicochemical properties of the applied inks and of the glazes on which the inks are deposited. The problems associated with these factors are further heightened when inks with complex formulations designed to obtain special effects and specific surface properties are used. This study examines the characteristics of the interface that developed on applying an ink on a certain type of glaze, as well as the surface properties of the final product. The relationship of the amount of ink applied per unit area and the particle size distribution (PSD) of the glaze on which it was deposited to ink penetration into the glaze layer was also investigated. The resulting microstructures were observed by SEM, while the variation of glaze layer composition with distance to the surface was determined by SEM‐EDS. The results obtained were successfully correlated with the porous texture of the unfired glaze (determined by SEM and mercury porosimetry) and with unfired glaze PSD.
The evolution of the mold flux melt structure during the process of fluorine replacement by B2O3
Authors: Zhang Lei , Wang Wanlin , Zhai Bingyu , Sohn Il 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study presented the melt structure evolution of mold flux during the substitution of fluorine by B2O3, and a computational model for the degree of polymerization (DOP) for borosilicate structure was developed. The results showed that the reduction of fluorine content would promote the replacement of F in [SiF6]‐octahedral unit by the dissociative free oxygen ions (O2−), and release F− ions into the melt to compensate the reduction of F− ions. With the 2 mass% addition of B2O3, the original Si–O–Si bond would be disrupted, and connect with [BO3]‐trihedral to form boroxol ring structure containing [BO2O−]‐trihedral and [BO3]‐trihedral structural units. Then, the Si–O–B bond that [BO3]‐trihedral links [SiO4]‐tetrahedral in boroxol ring was destroyed with the further addition of B2O3, and then the [BO3]‐trihedral could link with the dissociative Q1(Si) and Q0(Si) structural units to transform into [BO4]‐tetrahedral and form a borosilicate long chain. Finally, with 6 mass% addition of B2O3, the borosilicate chain would combine with simple borate and borosilicate structures, and a complex borosilicate structure containing boroxol ring with certain symmetry was formed ultimately. Besides, the calculated result of DOP suggested that the DOP of the melt structure improved during the process of fluorine replacement by B2O3.
A nurse‐coordinated integrated care model to support decision‐making and self‐care in patients with atrial fibrillation: A study protocol
Authors: Li Polly W. C. , Yu Doris. S. F. , Yan Bryan B. Y. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimThis study aims to evaluate the effects of a nurse‐coordinated, empowerment‐based integrated care model on self‐care behaviours and psychosocial outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation and to explore how this intervention affects patients’ self‐care behaviours and quality of life.DesignThis mixed‐methods study comprises a randomized controlled trial and an exploratory qualitative study.MethodsA total of 392 community‐dwelling patients aged ≥65 years with a confirmed diagnosis of atrial fibrillation, a high stroke risk and no oral anticoagulants treatment will be recruited from the medical outpatient clinics of a university‐affiliated hospital. The patients will be randomly allocated to intervention or control groups, which will receive treatment via the nurse‐coordinated integrated care model or standard care, respectively. We hypothesize that compared with patients receiving standard care, atrial fibrillation patients exposed to the nurse‐coordinated care model will be more likely to achieve compatible patient and physician decisions regarding the use of oral anticoagulants, better changes in medication adherence, anxiety, depression and health‐related quality of life after the intervention. A subsample of 30 participants in the intervention group will also participate in a qualitative interview to provide their views and perceptions about the intervention. The ethical approval has obtained on 5 July 2018. This study is supported by a grant from the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region on 29 June 2018.DiscussionThis study will uniquely adopt an empowerment‐based approach to equip patients as active agents in atrial fibrillation management through a nurse‐coordinated integrated care model that comprehensively addresses their needs.ImpactPatients with atrial fibrillation are currently receiving inadequate guideline‐recommended care. This study will address this important evidence‐practice gap by optimizing oral anticoagulant prescription and therapeutic effects and promotes effective patient self‐care, so as to achieve worldwide reductions in atrial fibrillation‐related morbidity, mortality, and healthcare burdens.Clinical Trial RegistrationThis study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03924739).
Need for closure effect on collective action intentions and behavior toward immigrants in Italy: The mediation of binding foundations and political conservatism
Authors: De Cristofaro Valeria , Pellegrini Valerio , Baldner Conrad , van Zomeren Martijn , Livi Stefano , Pierro Antonio 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWhy are people (de)motivated to mobilize in favor of immigrants? Addressing this question, we investigated the role of individuals' epistemic motivation (i.e., need for closure) in influencing the process of becoming motivated to participate in collective action in favor of immigrants in Italy. Specifically, the mediational role of binding moral foundations and political conservatism in explaining the relationship between need for closure and collective action in favor of immigrants was examined in three studies. It was hypothesized that a heightened need for closure would be indirectly and negatively associated with collective action in favor of immigrants, sequentially mediated first through binding moral foundations and then political conservatism. We found support for this prediction when either dispositional measure (Study 1 and Study 2) or an experimental induction (Study 3) of need for closure were used, and when both collective action intentions (Study 1 and Study 3) and behavior (Study 2) were assessed. The results suggest that need for closure constitutes a powerful motivational force that leads individuals to engage in uncertainty‐reducing evaluations and actions. We discuss these results regarding how they are related with previous work and their implications for research and practice.
Performance of blood pressure measurements at an initial screening visit for the diagnosis of hypertension in children
Authors: Outdili Zaïneb , Marti‐Soler Helena , Bovet Pascal , Chiolero Arnaud 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHypertension in children is defined as sustained elevated blood pressure (BP) over several visits. For the screening of hypertension, it is standard to obtain several BP readings at the initial visit. There is however no recommendation on the minimum number of readings needed. We evaluated the performance of BP readings obtained at one initial screening visit to predict the diagnosis of hypertension in children. In a school‐based study conducted in Switzerland, BP was measured three times on up to three visits in 5207 children. Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), and positive predictive value (PPV) of elevated BP at the initial screening visit for the identification of hypertension were estimated using the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd BP readings (R1, R2, R3), as well as (R1 + R2)/2 and (R1 + R2 + R3)/3). These performance indices were compared with the reference method (R2 + R3)/2. The ability of BP readings to discriminate children with and without hypertension was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The prevalence of systolic/diastolic hypertension was 2.2%. The greatest performance to identify children with hypertension was obtained with R2 (sensitivity: 97%; specificity: 88%; PPV: 15%; NPV: 100%) and the reference method, (R2 + R3)/2 (sensitivity: 100%; specificity: 90%; PPV: 18%; NPV: 100%). The ability to discriminate using R1, R2, (R1 + R2)/2, and (R2 + R3)/2 for the identification of hypertension was strong (AUC: 0.89, 0.93, 0.92, and 0.95, respectively). Obtaining two BP readings and using only the second one at a screening visit may be sufficient as initial step for the identification of hypertension in children.
Toll‐like receptor 4: A promising therapeutic target for pneumonia caused by Gram‐negative bacteria
Authors: Ding Junying , Liu Qingquan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGram‐negative bacteria (GNB) emerge as important pathogens causing pulmonary infection, which can develop into sepsis due to bacterial resistance to antibiotics. GNB pneumonia poses a huge social and economic burden all over the world. During GNB infection in the lung, Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) can form a complex with MD2 and CD14 after recognizing lipopolysaccharide of GNB, initiate the MyD88‐ and TRIF‐dependent signalling pathways and stimulate host non‐specific immune response. In this review, we summarize recent progress in our understanding of the role of TLR4 in GNB pneumonia. The latest experimental results, especially in TLR4 knockout animals, suggest a promising potential of targeting TLR4 signalling pathway for the treatment of GNB pneumonia. Furthermore, we highlight the benefits of Traditional Chinese Medicine as novel candidates for the therapy of GNB pneumonia due to the modulation of TLR4 signalling pathway. Finally, we discuss the promise and challenge in the development of TLR4‐based drugs for GNB pneumonia.
Model discrimination for drying and rehydration kinetics of freeze‐dried tomatoes
Authors: Lopez‐Quiroga Estefania , Prosapio Valentina , Fryer Peter J. , Norton Ian T. , Bakalis Serafim 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe aim of this work is to investigate the effect of a highly interconnected porous microstructure on the quality of rehydrated tomatoes by (a) designing a freeze‐dried cycle that ensure product integrity (i.e., no collapse, no puffing) (b) characterizing both freeze‐drying and rehydration kinetics. Fresh tomatoes were first freeze‐dried and subsequently rehydrated to get generate kinetics data. Afterwards, six thin‐layer drying models and four rehydration models were fitted using regression analysis to the experimental data. The goodness‐of‐fit was evaluated according to root mean squared error, adjusted R2, Akaike information criterion, and Bayesian information criterion. The most accurate representations of the system kinetics were observed using the Page model for freeze‐drying and the exponential and Weibull models for rehydration. Rehydration capacities and equilibrium moisture contents of the rehydrated samples were found to increase with temperature, and the corresponding activation energy values were calculated.Practical applicationsFreeze‐dried porous microstructures can enhance water absorption and transport, contributing to restore the fresh product functional properties and leading to higher quality rehydrated products, especially in highly heat‐sensitive food products as vegetables and fruits. The use of mathematical models to (a) design freeze‐drying cycles and (b) characterize and/or predict drying and rehydration kinetics in cellular freeze‐dried microstructures is then key for processing and optimization of convenience and ready‐to‐eat foods, which represents the main application of dried foods/powders and also a growing market. This approach to the manufacture of freeze‐dried products also presents potential to set the basis of an alternative decentralized supply scenario for high‐quality dried products, where freeze‐dried foods will be manufactured and shipped and finally rehydrated closer to the consumption point.
Addressing key features involved in bioactive extractability of vigor prickly pears submitted to high hydrostatic pressurization
Authors: Gómez‐Maqueo Andrea , Ortega‐Hernández Érika , Serrano‐Sandoval Sayra N. , Jacobo‐Velázquez Daniel A. , García‐Cayuela Tomás , Cano M. Pilar , Welti‐Chanes Jorge 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPrickly pears are relevant sources of bioactive compounds with potential biological activities. However, to become bioaccessible, these compounds must be released from the food matrix. High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) may contribute to bioaccessibility by promoting the liberation of bioactive constituents from their intracellular compartments. Our aim was to address key features involved in the high hydrostatic pressurization (18–34°C) of prickly pear fruits to promote bioactive extractability. We studied the effects of the come‐up time (CUT) and holding time (HT; 5 min) at low (60, 100, and 150 MPa) and high pressures (400, 500, and 600 MPa) in whole‐pressurized and sliced‐pressurized fruits. The best overall treatment was found by submitting whole prickly pears to 500 MPa during the CUT. In this treatment, 104.0, 150.8, and 100.5% retention of betalains, phenolics, and ascorbic acid were observed in peels; and 130.7, 121.4, and 128.4% retention were observed in pulps.Practical ApplicationsPrickly pears are abundant in Mexico and represent potential sources for low‐cost functional foods because of their health properties. In a country constantly affected by obesity and diabetes incidence, the continuous search for nutritious and health‐promoting processed foods should not be taken lightly. The use of HHP pre‐treatments to enhance the functionality of local vegetable products as a goal, and no longer as a side effect represents a strong potential application of this non‐thermal technology. In the next years, new sustainable processes involving HHP for the manufacturing of functional foods are expected to grow and be implemented in emerging markets such as Latin America.
Caregiver Interventions for Adults Discharged from the Hospital: Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Smith Toby O. , Pearson Matthew , Pfeiffer Klaus , Crotty Maria , Lamb Sarah E. 
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVESTo review the evidence evaluating the effectiveness of informal caregiver interventions to facilitate the recovery of older people discharged from the hospital.DESIGNSystematic review and meta‐analysis.SETTINGHospital and community.METHODSPublished and unpublished randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials assessing the effectiveness of informal caregiver interventions to support the recovery of older people discharged from the hospital were identified (to March 2019). The primary outcome was patient health‐related quality of life (HRQOL). Secondary outcomes included patient function, caregiver burden, caregiver HRQOL, psychological distress, adverse events, and health resource use. Studies were critically appraised and meta‐analyzed.PARTICIPANTSAdults who had been admitted to the hospital.RESULTSA total of 23 studies were eligible (4695 participants). The indication for hospital admission was stroke in 21 trials (91%). Interventions consisted of training and/or skills‐based programs, with or without home visits/telephone follow‐up. Caregiver interventions for patients following stroke may provide no benefit for patient HRQOL at 12 months (standardized mean difference = .29; 95% confidence interval = ‐.12 to .69; low‐quality evidence). Caregiver interventions demonstrated benefit for caregiver burden and both patient and caregiver anxiety at 12 months. No consistent effect was found on functional outcomes, depression, HRQOL, adverse events, or health resource use measures.CONCLUSIONSInformal caregivers who receive training to facilitate the recovery of older people discharged from the hospital following stroke may have a lower burden and reduced anxiety at 12 months compared with those who do not. However, the evidence was moderate to low quality. Further study is warranted to explore whether caregiver interventions can be modified for nonstroke populations such as those with hip fracture. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:1960–1969, 2019
Shear bond strengths of calcium silicate‐based sealer to dentin and calcium silicate‐impregnated gutta‐percha
Authors: Banphakarn Nonthicha , Yanpiset Kallaya , Banomyong Danuchit 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimTo compare the shear bond strengths of a calcium silicate‐based root canal sealer (CSS), to dentin or calcium silicate‐impregnated gutta‐percha (CSGP), with the shear bond strengths of an epoxy resin‐based sealer.MethodsFor sealer/dentin testing, 40 hemisectioned roots were divided into 2 groups. Coronal root dentin discs were bonded with CSS or epoxy resin‐based sealer. For sealer/core material testing, CSGP and conventional gutta‐percha discs were bonded with a matching sealer (N = 20 per group). The shear bond strengths were tested using a universal testing machine. The failed modes were analyzed using stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy.ResultsThe CSS sealer had significantly higher shear bond strength to dentin than did epoxy resin‐based sealer (P < .01). However, shear bond strengths of the 2 sealers to core materials did not significantly differ (P = .74). The remnants of the CSS sealer adhering to dentin or calcium silicate gutta‐percha disc were observed.ConclusionsThe CSS sealer had better adhesion to dentin than did epoxy resin‐based sealer. However, the bond of the CSS sealer to impregnated gutta‐percha was not superior to the epoxy resin‐based sealer bonded to conventional gutta‐percha.
Development of an Impression Material with Antimicrobial Properties for Dental Application
Authors: de Castro Denise T. , Kreve Simone , Oliveira Viviane C. , Alves Oswaldo L. , dos Reis Andréa C. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the antimicrobial activity and physico‐mechanical properties of an irreversible hydrocolloid in which nanostructured silver vanadate decorated with silver nanoparticles (AgVO3) was added at various concentrations (0% ‐ control, 2.5%, 5%, and 10% by weight).Materials and MethodsThe agar diffusion method (n = 10) was used to evaluate the inhibitory effect on the following species: Streptococcus mutans, Staphyloccocus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. The gelation time, flow capacity and plastic deformation were verified (n = 10). The data were analyzed using the Kruskal‐Wallis test followed by the Dunn post‐test, or via one‐way ANOVA with multiple comparisons with a Bonferroni adjustment depending on the distribution (α = 0.05).ResultsAll percentages of the nanomaterial were able to promote the antimicrobial activity of a hydrocolloid, with the formation of an inhibition zone (p < 0.05). In general, there was a dose‐dependent effect on antimicrobial activity: higher concentrations of the nanomaterial promoted greater action except in the cases of P. aeruginosa (p < 0.001; F = 51.74) and S. aureus (p < 0.001), where the highest inhibition was for the 2.5% group. No difference was found in the gelation time when the control was compared with the groups with AgVO3 (p > 0.05). The difference was between the 5% and 10% groups (p = 0.007), and the latter promoted an increase in time. The flow capacity of the hydrocolloid with 5% of AgVO3 was significantly lower when compared with the control (p = 0.034). The AgVO3 influenced the plastic deformation (p < 0.001) in such a way that concentrations of 5% (p = 0.010) and 10% (p < 0.001) promoted an increase in this property when compared with the control.ConclusionsAgVO3 can be incorporated into an irreversible hydrocolloid as an antimicrobial agent without promoting adverse effects on physical‐mechanical properties when used in concentrations of 2.5%.
Are paediatric clinical practice guidelines trustworthy?
Authors: Sun Yue , Chen Ji , Shi Shu‐Zhen , Ge Long , Bu You‐Xiang , Xi Jiang‐Bo , Tian Jin‐Hui 
Published: July 2019

AimTo assess the methodological and reporting quality of paediatric clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) in National Guideline Clearinghouse (NGC) using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II instrument and Reporting Items for Practice Guidelines in Healthcare (RIGHT) standard.MethodsWe identified all published CPGs through the NGC, and search records were screened in duplicate for inclusion. Two researchers evaluated the methodological and reporting quality of paediatric CPGs using the AGREE II instrument and RIGHT standard. STATA version 12.0 and SPSS version 22.0 software were used to analyse the related data.ResultsA total of 50 paediatric CPGs were included. The scores for all six domains by AGREE II instrument were presented as follows: scope and purpose (85.6 ± 9.59), stakeholder involvement (69.15 ± 19.32), rigour of development (73.19 ± 17.18), clarity of presentation (78.51 ± 14.36), applicability (54.61 ± 22.63) and editorial independence (68.42 ± 13.06). In the seven domains of the RIGHT standard, the reporting rate of the recommendation domain was the lowest (52.86%).The highest reporting rate was the other information domain, which was 68%.There was a high correlation between reporting the completeness of CPGs using the AGREE II instrument and RIGHT standard (r = 0.77, P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe paediatric CPGs from NGC have good quality. There was a high correlation in the completeness of reporting for paediatric CPGs using the AGREE II instrument and RIGHT standard. It could be concluded that the CPGs of good methodological quality have good reporting quality. Maybe the researcher should effectively combine the AGREE II instrument and RIGHT standard in the development process of CPGs.
Lancemaside A from Codonopsis lanceolata prevents hypertension by inhibiting NADPH oxidase 2-mediated MAPK signalling and improving NO bioavailability in rats
Authors: Shin You Kyoung , Han A Young , Hsieh Yu Shan , Kwon Soonho , Kim Jinhye , Lee Kwang-Won , Seol Geun Hee 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Objectives
This study investigated whether lancemaside A (LMA) can prevent hypertension and assessed the mechanisms of action of LMA in rats.

Methods
Hypertension was induced by chronic immobilization stress and nicotine administration. Hypertensive vehicle rats were treated with LMA (1, 20, or 40 mg/kg) or nifedipine (10 mg/kg) as a positive control daily for 3 weeks.

Key findings
In hypertensive vehicle rats, LMA dose-dependently reduced systolic blood pressure. LMA doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg reduced the aortic expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX)2 (both P &lt; 0.01), and 40 mg/kg LMA reduced serum malondialdehyde (P &lt; 0.01). Serum nitrite levels were significantly higher in LMA treated rats than in hypertensive vehicle rats, with LMA doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg reducing the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in rat aortas (P &lt; 0.001 and P &lt; 0.01, respectively). LMA also reduced the aortic levels of nuclear factor kappa B and the activation of the three isoforms of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK).

Conclusions
Lancemaside A prevents hypertension in rats by inhibiting the activation of MAPK signalling and the impairment in nitric oxide bioavailability due to NOX2-mediated oxidative stress. Thus, LMA may act as a preventive agent for hypertension.