bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
19 Dubious Ways to Compute the Marginal Likelihood of a Phylogenetic Tree Topology
Authors: Fourment Mathieu , Magee Andrew F , Whidden Chris , Bilge Arman , Matsen Frederick A , Minin Vladimir N 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe marginal likelihood of a model is a key quantity for assessing the evidence provided by the data in support of a model. The marginal likelihood is the normalizing constant for the posterior density, obtained by integrating the product of the likelihood and the prior with respect to model parameters. Thus, the computational burden of computing the marginal likelihood scales with the dimension of the parameter space. In phylogenetics, where we work with tree topologies that are high-dimensional models, standard approaches to computing marginal likelihoods are very slow. Here, we study methods to quickly compute the marginal likelihood of a single fixed tree topology. We benchmark the speed and accuracy of 19 different methods to compute the marginal likelihood of phylogenetic topologies on a suite of real data sets under the JC69 model. These methods include several new ones that we develop explicitly to solve this problem, as well as existing algorithms that we apply to phylogenetic models for the first time. Altogether, our results show that the accuracy of these methods varies widely, and that accuracy does not necessarily correlate with computational burden. Our newly developed methods are orders of magnitude faster than standard approaches, and in some cases, their accuracy rivals the best established estimators.
Contemplating Our Maternity Care Crisis in the United States: Reflections of an Obstetrician Anesthesiologist
Authors: Pryde P.G. 
Published: August 2019

(Anesth Analg. 2019;128(5):1036–1041)
In this Open Mind article, Dr Pryde discusses his unusual career trajectory, his perspective on the state of obstetric medicine in the United States during the past 30 years, and the ongoing attendant crisis in maternal medicine.
Proceedings From the Society for Advancement of Blood Management Annual Meeting 2017: Management Dilemmas of the Surgical Patient—When Blood Is Not an Option
Authors: Tan G.M. , Guinn G.R. , Frank S.M. , Shander A. 
Published: August 2019

(Anesth Analg. 2019;128:144–151)
It is well established that blood loss >500 mL and/or hemoglobin (Hb) <5 g/dL are both associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Fortunately, perioperative bleeding is a known preventable complication, and procedures that are at increased risk of severe blood loss are well recognized (eg, obstetric, cardiothoracic, spine, and cancer surgeries). However, there are cases in which patient blood management (PBM) is complicated by religious or medicolegal issues. Therefore, in this special article, authors discuss PBM approaches in cases where blood transfusion is not an option (religious, inability to find blood matches, or lack of resources due to location).
Video Laryngoscopy: Positives, Negatives, and Defining the Difficult Intubation
Authors: Meitzen S.E. , Benumof J.L. 
Published: August 2019

(Anesth Analg. 2019;128(3):399–401. Doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000004023)
A recent article by Bradley and colleagues argues video laryngoscopy has many advantages compared with conventional laryngoscopy and should be the new standard of care. It also asks whether an intubation should be considered “difficult” if video laryngoscopy is successful but conventional laryngoscopy fails, and highlights the importance of informing future providers of a difficult intubation. However, four critical factors are not addressed in this article: disparities in video laryngoscopy design, limitations in the availability of video laryngoscopy, limited experience with video laryngoscopy, and the impact of the results of preoperative airway evaluation on the success of video laryngoscopy.
Maternal Mortality Ratios in 2852 Chinese Counties, 1996-2015, and Achievement of Millennium Development Goal 5 in China: A Subnational Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study in 2016
Authors: Liang J. , Li X. , Kang C. , Wang Y. , Kulikoff X.R. , Coates M.M. , Ng M. , Luo S. , Mu Y. , Wang X. , Zhou R. , Liu X. , Zhang Y. , Zhou Y. , Zhou M. , Li Q. , Liu Z. , Dai L. , Li M. , Zhang Y. , Deng K. , Zeng X. , Deng C. , Yi L. , Zhu J. , Murray C.J.L. , Wang H. 
Published: August 2019

(Lancet. 2019;393:241–252)
Mortality for both mother and child have been falling at impressive rates in China over the past 2 decades. Nationwide, maternal mortality dropped from 111.0 per 100,000 livebirths in 1990 to 21.8 per 100,000 livebirths in 2015. However, child mortality has varied substantially among counties and maternal mortality might also vary widely among counties. Identifying counties experiencing less progress could help guide the Chinese government in allocating extra resources as needed to meet the Millennium Development Goal 5 (MDG 5) of decreasing the maternal mortality rate by 75% between 1990 and 2015. This study aimed to estimate the maternal mortality ratio in 2852 counties in China between 1996 and 2015 and determine the effects of key factors such as economic development and maternal education on maternal mortality.
Perinatal Outcome in Births After a Previous Cesarean Section at High Trial of Labor Rates
Authors: Lehmann S. , Baghestan E. , Børdahl P.E. , Irgens L.M. , Rasmussen S. 
Published: August 2019

(Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2019;98:117–126)
National guidelines in Norway state that all cesarean deliveries should be medically indicated, with the final decision regarding delivery mode being made by the obstetrician after discussion with the patient. Trial of labor after cesarean (TOLAC) has been associated with a higher risk of adverse perinatal outcomes when compared to a planned repeat cesarean delivery (CD). Previous studies regarding TOLAC outcomes have used populations with relatively low TOLAC rates or have taken place at centers with a policy that allows repeat CD by maternal request. Norway, however, had a 70% TOLAC rate between 1989 and 2009, and a rate of successful vaginal delivery after cesarean (VBAC) of 53%. Because obstetric practice in Norway is significantly different from those institutions where previous data regarding perinatal outcomes after TOLAC were obtained, this study was undertaken to compare perinatal outcomes in TOLAC and non-TOLAC births after previous CD in Norway between 1989 and 2009.
The Frequency of Intrapartum Cesarean Section Use With the WHO Partograph Versus Zhang’s Guidelines in the Labor Progression Study (LAPS): A Multicenter, Cluster-randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bernitz S. , Dalbye R. , Zhang J. , Eggebø T.M. , Frøslie K.F. , Olsen I.C. , Blix E. , Øian P. 
Published: August 2019

(Lancet. 2019;393:340–348)
As the rate of cesarean section has been increasing worldwide, there have been efforts to encourage clinicians to avoid medically unnecessary cesarean deliveries. Labor dystocia is the most common indication for intrapartum cesarean section (ICS). Adequate labor progression has been assessed for decades using tools based on Friedman’s work from >60 years ago, including the 1994 World Health Organization (WHO) partograph. However, there have been significant changes in labor management since Freidman reported his work and the patient population has also changed, with higher mean body mass index (BMI) and maternal age. Therefore, in 2010 Zhang and colleagues studied labor progression using a contemporary cohort of parturients. They found labor progressed more slowly than Freidman’s findings, especially in early labor before 6 cm dilation. They provided a guideline that allows for a longer period of time before diagnosing labor dystocia and proceeding with cesarean section in early labor. This study aimed to compare the rate of ICS when the WHO partograph versus Zhang’s contemporary guideline was used to assess labor progression and diagnose labor dystocia.
Pregnant Women and the Ebola Crisis
Authors: Haddad L.B. , Jamieson D.J. , Rasmussen S.A. 
Published: August 2019

(N Engl J Med. 2018;379:2492–2493)
Knowledge of the effects of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in pregnant women remains severely limited, despite recent occurence of some of the largest Ebola outbreaks to date—the West Africa Ebola outbreak of 2014-2016 included 28,000 cases and claimed 11,000 lives, and in 2018, the 10th EVD outbreak since 1976 was reported in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Surveillance systems in place at those times did not record pregnancy status, which in turn complicated case-investigation and contact-tracing efforts. In fact, monitoring outcomes of pregnant women and newborns was completed primarily through anecdotal reports. Therefore, in order to establish evidence-based recommendations for the care of Ebola-infected pregnant women, the author of the current perspective article believes that documentation of pregnancy status, via urine testing or, at minimum, self-reporting, is needed for all women of reproductive age who present at Ebola treatment units or hospitals. Not only would these assessments ensure proper obstetrical care in emergency settings, but they would also strengthen national maternal and neonatal mortality surveillance systems and increase knowledge of the overall effects of outbreaks on health care systems.
Contribution of Hypertension to Severe Maternal Morbidity
Authors: Hitti J. , Sienas L. , Walker S. , Benedetti T.J. , Easterling T. 
Published: August 2019

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2018;219(4):405.e1–405.e7.)
In the United States, maternal morbidity and mortality are growing public health concerns, with severe maternal morbidity (SMM) affecting >50,000 women in 2014. SMM includes renal failure, shock, sepsis, blood transfusion, and peripartum hysterectomy. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are strongly associated with maternal morbidity and mortality and are often responsive to intervention. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the association between preeclampsia with severe features and SMM at a regional perinatal referral center. They hypothesized that parturients with preeclampsia would have a higher rate of SMM than normotensive women. In addition, the proportions of SMM on admission were compared to those that developed during hospitalization.
Novel Application of Exhaled Carbon Monoxide Monitors: Smoking Cessation in Orthopaedic Trauma Patients
Authors: Matuszewski Paul E. , Comadoll Shea M. , Costales Timothy , Zerhusen Timothy , Coale Max , O'Toole Robert V. 
Published: August 2019

Objectives:
To determine whether an in-office exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) monitor can increase interest in smoking cessation among the orthopaedic trauma population.

Design:
Prospective.

Setting:
Level I trauma center.

Patients:
One hundred twenty-four orthopaedic trauma patients.

Intervention:
In-office measurement of exhaled CO.

Main Outcome Measures:
Stage of change, Likert scale score on willingness to quit today, patient's request for referral to a quitline, and increase in readiness to quit.

Results:
The use of an exhaled CO monitor increased willingness to quit in 71% of participants still smoking and increased willingness to quit on average by 0.8 points on a 10-point Likert scale (P < 0.001). Fifteen percent of patients modified their stage of change toward quitting. Forty percent of patients after exhaled CO monitor requested referral to a quitline, compared with 4% presurvey (P < 0.001). Anecdotally, most participants were very interested in the monitoring device and its reading, expressing concern with the result. The value of exhaled CO was not associated with any measured outcomes.

Conclusions:
The use of an exhaled CO monitor increased willingness to quit smoking in 71% of patients, but the effect size was relatively small (0.8 points on a 10-point Likert scale). However, use of the CO monitor resulted in a large increase (40% vs. 4%) in referral to the national Quitline. Use of the Quitline typically increases the chance of smoking cessation by 10 times the baseline rate, suggesting that this finding might be clinically important.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Brain metastases from esophageal cancer
Authors: Stavrinou Pantelis , Plambeck Lars , Proescholdt Martin , Ghadimi Markus , Goldbrunner Roland , Grau Stefan 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Brain metastases deriving from esophageal cancer are very rare with scarce data available concerning these patients’ outcome. We, therefore, evaluated outcome after surgical resection followed by radiotherapy of brain metastasis from esophageal cancer.
A retrospective analysis was conducted on consecutive patients undergoing resection of brain metastasis from esophageal cancer in 2 neuro-oncological centers between 2008 and 2018. Clinical and demographic data were retrieved from electronic patient charts. Post-treatment survival was calculated using Kaplan–Meier estimates.
Twenty-five patients were identified. Treatment for primary disease comprised neo-adjuvant radio-chemotherapy followed by surgery (64.0%), surgery and adjuvant radio-chemotherapy (8.0%), radio-chemotherapy only (24.0%), and 1 patient receiving esophageal stenting only. Median time interval since initial diagnosis was 16 (range 0–110) months. All but 1 brain lesion were neurologically symptomatic and median Karnofsky performance score improved postoperatively from 70 to 80. After resection of brain metastases patients received whole-brain (n = 13 (52.0%)) or local fractionated (n = 9 (36.0%)) radiotherapy. In 2 patients adjuvant treatment was impeded by clinical deterioration; 1 patient refused radiotherapy. By the time of analysis 22 patients had died. Median survival after brain metastasis was 6 (95% CI 0.5–11.6) months.
Survival after resection of metastasis from esophageal cancer is poor compared to other tumor entities. Nevertheless, resection of symptomatic brain metastases may improve clinical status in the context of a palliative concept.
Ochronotic arthritis and ochronotic Achilles tendon rupture in alkaptonuria
Authors: Jiang Lifeng , Cao Le , Fang Jinghua , Yu Xinning , Dai Xuesong , Miao Xudong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroduction:Alkaptonuria (AKU) is a rare disease caused by deficiency of homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase which results in deposition of homogentisic acid (HGA). Ochronotic arthritis, the deposition of excess oxidized HGA in the connective tissues, causes pigmentation and degeneration of the joint tissues ultimately resulting in chronic inflammation and osteoarthritis. The ochronotic arthritis has similar clinical features with osteoarthritis. There is currently no specific treatment for AKU and management is usually symptomatic. In severe cases, total joint arthroplasty is the major treatment approaches. It is rarely reported in China.Patient concerns:Here we reported a case of a patient with bilateral knee pain for more than 1 year. He complained of a 20-year history of chronic, nonspecific low back pain and stiffness. His urine was black since he was a child. Six years after the knee surgery, his Achilles tendon ruptured.Diagnosis:Specific radiographic and magnetic resonance imaging manifestations were observed. Darkly pigmented full-thickness cartilage and subchondral bone were found during the operation. Histological investigation also manifested dark stains in meniscus and synovial tissues. Black-denatured tendon tissue was also found during the operation. The patient was diagnosed as AKU.Interventions:Total knee arthroplasty and Achilles tendon repair were operated separately after the disease was diagnosed.Outcomes:The patient recovered very well after the second surgery. He returned to full activities, described no knee pain, and presented to the clinic walking without any aid. Physical examination revealed 0 to 20 of plantar flexion and 0 to 15 of dorsiflexion of the ankle.Conclusions:Ochronosis is a very rare disease in Asia. This paper supplies new information for study of this disease. The mechanism is still unknown right now. Further studies will be necessary.
Acute onset bilateral hearing loss in dorsomedial pontine hemorrhage
Authors: Hoshino Masashi , Akiyama Hisanao , Kashima Satoru , Soga Kaima , Shimizu Takahiro , Hasegawa Yasuhiro 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Rationale:
Nontraumatic pontine hemorrhage represents approximately 10% of all cases of nontraumatic intracranial hemorrhage. The predominant cause and symptom of pontine hemorrhage are hypertension and disturbance of consciousness, respectively.

Patient concerns:
A 64-year-old man was transported to hospital by ambulance for sudden articulation disorder and right leg paralysis. He was neurologically alert with mild dysarthria, right leg paralysis, and increased deep tendon reflex in all limbs.

Diagnosis:
Plain head computed tomography showed an approximately 1.5 mL hemorrhage in the dorsomedial pons.

Intervention:
He was admitted to the Stroke Care Unit and received antihypertensive therapy.

Outcomes:
Around the time of admission, bilateral hearing loss suddenly developed with poorly defined wave V shown bilaterally on auditory brainstem response testing. As the hematoma subsequently resolved, the bilateral hearing loss recovered sufficiently to enable everyday conversation.

Lessons:
We report herein a rare case of acute onset bilateral hearing loss caused by nontraumatic pontine hemorrhage. Pontine hemorrhage is often associated with disturbance of consciousness; however, care is required as latent communication disorder due to impaired hearing is possible regardless of the state of consciousness.
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders with vertigo as the initial symptom
Authors: Guo Qin , Han Dexiong , Liu Jing , He Kelin , Ma Ruijie 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Rationale:
Brain abnormalities have frequently been reported in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders patients, but vertigo as an initial manifestation has rarely been described.

Patient concerns:
A 64-year-old woman who initially presented with vertigo, then accompanied with other brainstem manifestations and spinal cord involvement.

Diagnoses:
MRI revealed medulla oblongata, cervical and thoracic spinal cord lesions. NMO-IgG antibody was seropositive. Taken her previous medical history and clinical manifestations into consideration, the patient was eventually diagnosed as neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders.

Interventions:
Before diagnosis, symptomatic treatment and acupuncture were adopted, whereas after diagnosis, steroid, intravenous immunoglobulin, and immunosuppressant were supplemented.

Outcomes:
Her dizziness, nausea and vomiting were gradually relieved by symptomatic treatment and acupuncture before the confirmed diagnosis and immunotherapy. After added treatment with steroid, immunosuppressant, especially intravenous immunoglobulin, diplopia and nystagmus disappeared, and superficial sensation was improving. She was fully recovered six months after admission.

Lessons:
Vertigo as a rare prodrome of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders deserves attention. The symptoms and signs were improved by a combined treatment of steroid, immunosuppressant, acupuncture, and particularly intravenous immunoglobulin.
Perioperative acute myocardial infarction in patients after non-cardiac surgery in China
Authors: Zhou Xiaoxin , Chen Lingke , Su Zhongxue , Li Yue , Tu Mengyun , Xiao Jie , Pan Zhiying , Su Diansan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTo examine the characteristics and short-term outcome of perioperative myocardial infarction (PMI), a single-center retrospective study was carried out. The electronic medical records of 278,939 patients aged 45 years or older who underwent non-cardiac surgery at Renji Hospital from January 2003 to December 2015 were screened based on diagnostic codes (ICD121, ICD121.0, ICD121.1, ICD121.2, ICD121.3, ICD121.4, or ICD121.9). The incidence and characteristics of PMI and mortality risk factors were analyzed after non-cardiac surgery. PMI was reported in 45 patients, with an incidence rate of 1.61 per 10,000 and a mortality rate of 75.6% (34/45). The PMI incidence rate increased significantly with age. The PMI incidence rate was the highest for vascular surgery (5.82 per 10,000 cases). PMI occurs mainly within 48 h of surgery, with most cases showing an onset in the general wards. Logistic analysis showed that the use of nitrates is the independent protective factor for the outcomes of patients with PMI. The incidence of PMI in non-cardiac surgery is approximately 2 of 10,000 in patients aged 45 years or older, and increased significantly with age. The use of nitrates might be helpful for their survival.
Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma mimicking drug fever and infectious etiology after a thyroidectomy
Authors: Han Ping , Yang Lan , Yan Wei , Tian Dean 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Introduction:
Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) is a rare subtype of mature peripheral T-cell lymphoma and accounts for approximately 1% to 2% of non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Although the B symptoms with generalized lymphadenopathy are the most frequent manifestations of AITL, its diagnosis remains a challenge as clinical manifestations and pathological features are frequently misleading.

Patient concerns:
We report herein the case of a 70-year-old man with intermittent fever, pulmonary infection, and skin rash developed for 1 month before admission. Previously, he had undergone thyroidectomy for thyroid papillary carcinoma. Fever occurred on the day of discharge and occurred again during the next month. Symptoms worsened despite treatment with antibiotics and papular rash appeared. The local hospital diagnosed it as drug fever and stopped all antibiotics. Fever and rash were controlled temporarily; however, both relapsed 2 days before admission. On the night of admission, the patient developed fever again. Blood culture showed Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus infection.

Interventions:
Taking into account the recent history of surgery, the patient was diagnosed with septicemia and was treated with anti-infective treatment. On 13th day after admission, the patient developed fever again accompanied by generalized lymphadenopathy. However, multiple blood cultures were negative and bone marrow aspiration cytology, biopsy, immunohistochemistry, and gene rearrangement results were normal.

Diagnosis:
The patient was finally subjected to cervical lymph node biopsy and was diagnosed with AITL.

Outcomes:
The patient was transferred to the Department of Hematology for further treatment.

Conclusion:
This case highlights the complex diagnostic challenges of AITL. AITL accompanied by thyroid carcinoma may not be a mere coincidence and administration of antibiotics may be a rare cause of AITL.