bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aphid resistance in Capsicum maps to a locus containing LRR-RLK gene analogues
Authors: Sun Mengjing , Voorrips Roeland E. , van’t Westende Wendy , van Kaauwen Martijn , Visser Richard G. F. , Vosman Ben 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Key message
A QTL for aphid resistance on pepper chromosome 2 was identified and validated. This QTL affects aphid survival and reproduction, and was fine mapped to a locus containing LRR-RLK analogues.

Abstract
Myzus persicae is one of the most threatening insect pests that adversely affects pepper (Capsicum) cultivation. Resistance to aphids was previously identified in Capsicum baccatum. This study aimed at elucidating the genetics of aphid resistance in C. baccatum. A QTL analysis was carried out for M. persicae resistance in an F2 population derived from an intraspecific cross between a highly resistant plant and a susceptible plant. Survival and reproduction were used as resistance parameters. Interval mapping detected two QTLs affecting aphid survival (Rmpas-1) and reproduction (Rmprp-1), respectively, both localized in the same area and sharing the same top marker on chromosome 2. Use of this marker as co-factor in multiple-QTL mapping analysis revealed a second, minor QTL (Rmprp-2) only affecting aphid reproduction, on chromosome 4. Fine mapping confirmed the effects of Rmpas-1 and Rmprp-1 and narrowed the major QTL Rmprp-1 down to a genomic region of 96 kb which is predicted to encode four analogues of resistance genes of the receptor-like kinase family containing a leucine-rich repeat domain (LRR-RLKs). This work provides not only initial information for breeding aphid-resistant pepper varieties, but also forms the basis for future molecular analysis of gene(s) involved in aphid resistance.
NHE5 regulates growth factor signaling, integrin trafficking, and degradation in glioma cells
Authors: Kurata Toru , Rajendran Vinotheni , Fan Steven , Ohta Tetsuo , Numata Masayuki , Fushida Sachio 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNa+/H+exchanger 5 (NHE5) is enriched in neurons and cycles between recycling endosomes and plasma membranes and transports protons to the endosomal lumen as well as to the extracellular space. Although NHE5 expression is undetectable in normal astrocytes, C6 glioma cells express NHE5 at an elevated level. Using C6 cells as a model, here we demonstrate that NHE5 has an important role in tumor growth and tumor cell proliferation and invasion. Glioma xenografts originating fromNHE5-knockdown cells exhibited significantly slower growth than those fromNHE1-knockdown cells and control cells. Histological characterization of the migration front ofNHE5-knockdown tumors revealed a less invasive and less proliferative appearance thanNHE1-knockdown and control tumors.NHE5-knockdown but notNHE1-knockdown led to downregulation of fetal bovine serum (FBS)-induced MET and EGFR signaling. Moreover, depletion of NHE5 but not NHE1 reduced the ability of cells to spread on collagen. We found that NHE5 depletion greatly abrogated endocytic recycling and the protein stability of β1-integrin, which in part accounted for the defective cell adhesion, spreading, and invasion ofNHE5-knockdown cells.
Evaluation of banana germplasm and genetic analysis of an F1 population for resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 1
Authors: Arinaitwe Ivan Kabiita , Teo Chee How , Kayat Fatimah , Tumuhimbise Robooni , Uwimana Brigitte , Kubiriba Jerome , Swennen Rony , Harikrishna Jennifer Ann , Othman Rofina Yasmin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFusarium wilt of bananas (Musaspp.), caused byFusarium oxysporumf. sp.cubense(Foc) causes up to 100% yield loss in bananas.Focrace 1 in particular is very devastating to dessert bananas in Uganda. One of the effective control strategies for the disease is the development of resistant cultivars through breeding. The objectives of this study were to identify suitable banana germplasm for generating a segregating population for resistance toFocrace 1 and understand the mode of inheritance of resistance toFocrace 1. Twenty-two banana accessions sourced from the National Agricultural Research Organisation in Uganda were challenged withFocrace 1 in a screen house experiment. Monyet, resistant toFocrace 1 and Kokopo, susceptible, were selected and crossed to generate 142 F1genotypes. These F1genotypes were also challenged withFocrace 1 in a screen house experiment. Data were collected on rhizome discoloration index (RDI), leaf symptom index (LSI) and pseudo-stem splitting (PSS), and analysed for variability. The banana accessions evaluated showed varying degrees of resistance toFocrace 1. Segregation ratios for resistant versus susceptible progenies fitted 13:3 (χ2 = 0.12,P = 0.73) for RDI and 11:5 (χ2= 3.04,P = 0.08) for PSS. Estimated broad sense heritability was 27.8% for RDI, 13.9% for LSI and 14.7% for PSS. The results suggest that resistance toFocrace 1 in banana is controlled by at least two dominant genes with epistatic interaction and that heritability of resistance toFocrace 1 is low inMusaspp.
A validation study of the ICECAP-O in informal carers of people with dementia from eight European Countries
Authors:   The Actifcare Consortium, Perry-Duxbury Meg , van Exel Job , Brouwer Werner , Sköldunger Anders , Gonçalves-Pereira Manuel , Irving Kate , Meyer Gabriele , Selbæk Geir , Woods Bob , Zanetti Orazio , Verhey Frans , Wimo Anders , Handels Ron L.H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Purpose
The pressure on healthcare budgets remains high, partially due to the ageing population. Economic evaluation can be a helpful tool to inform resource allocation in publicly financed systems. Such evaluations frequently use health-related outcome measures. However, in areas such as care of older people, improving health outcomes is not necessarily the main focus of care interventions and broader outcome measures, including outcomes for those providing informal care, may be preferred when evaluating such interventions. This paper validates a recently introduced well-being measure, the ICECAP-O, in a population of informal carers for people with dementia from eight European countries.

Methods
Convergent and discriminant validity tests were performed to validate the ICECAP-O using data obtained in a sample of 451 respondents from Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Sweden and the UK. These respondents completed a number of standardized questionnaires within the framework of the Actifcare project.

Results
The ICECAP-O performed well among informal carers, in terms of both convergent and discriminant validity. In the multivariate analysis, it was found to be significantly associated with the age of the person with dementia, EQ-5D-5L health problem index of the person with dementia, carer–patient relationship, care recipient CDR, carer LSNS Score, the PAI score, and Perseverance Time.

Conclusion
The ICECAP-O appears to be a valid measure of well-being in informal carers for people with dementia. The ICECAP-O may therefore be useful as an outcome measure in economic evaluations of interventions aimed at such informal carers, when these aim to improve well-being beyond health.
How social challenges affect children’s regulation and assignment quality in hypermedia: a process mining study
Authors: Paans Cindy , Onan Erdem , Molenaar Inge , Verhoeven Ludo , Segers Eliane 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The present study investigated the extent to which 18 dyads in 5th and 6th grade, who experienced low levels of social challenge, differed from 12 dyads who experience high levels of social challenge in terms of the quality of their written assignment, as well as the frequency and sequential pattern of their cognitive, metacognitive, relational, and off-task activities during a collaborative hypermedia assignment. Sequential analyses were performed by means of process mining with a fuzzy miner algorithm. Results showed that assignment quality was higher for low social challenge dyads. In addition, these more successful dyads showed more cognitive processing activities, more high-cognition, and fewer off-task activities. In terms of their process models, low and high challenge dyads showed marked differences. More specifically, high social challenge dyads showed a vicious cycle of social challenges and off-task behaviors, whereas low social challenge dyads engaged in high-cognition. In addition, for low challenge dyads, but not high challenge dyads, the various metacognitive activities were closely connected to each other. These findings indicate that social challenges not only affect assignment quality, but also fundamentally affect the overall learning process.
Application of GPR and ERT methods for recognizing of gypsum deposits in urban areas
Authors: Gołębiowski Tomisław , Jarosińska Elżbieta 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper presents the selected results of GPR (ground penetrating radar) and ERT (electrical resistivity tomography) surveys carried out on the sites in Poland where shallow karst forms were found in gypsum deposits. The aim of the surveys was the noninvasive detection of karst forms as well as weathered and fractured bedrock which may threaten the stability of the surface and, consequently, may cause damage to buildings, as well as overground and underground infrastructure. The geophysical surveys were conducted at a depth of only a few meters, i.e., to the depth of buildings foundations. GPR surveys were carried out in short-offset reflection profiling mode with standard orientation of the antennae set; however, on one site, different orientations of antennae were tested. During ERT surveys, different measurement arrays were applied in order to analyze which array was optimal for the detection of karst forms as well as weathered and fractured bedrock. Complex interpretation of geophysical surveys resulted in reduced ambiguity and revealed some regions, dangerous for surface stability. Due to the fact that gypsum deposits were investigated to the depth of maximum 10 m; therefore, hydrological processes were analyzed in the paper instead of hydrogeological processes.
mRNA Expression Profiles from Whole Blood Associated with Vasospasm in Patients with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Xu Huichun , Stamova Boryana , Ander Bradley P. , Waldau Ben , Jickling Glen C. , Sharp Frank R. , Ko Nerissa U. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background
Though there are many biomarker studies of plasma and serum in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), few have examined blood cells that might contribute to vasospasm. In this study, we evaluated inflammatory and prothrombotic pathways by examining mRNA expression in whole blood of SAH patients with and without vasospasm.

Methods
Adult SAH patients with vasospasm (n = 29) and without vasospasm (n = 21) were matched for sex, race/ethnicity, and aneurysm treatment method. Diagnosis of vasospasm was made by angiography. mRNA expression was measured by Affymetrix Human Exon 1.0 ST Arrays. SAH patients with vasospasm were compared to those without vasospasm by ANCOVA to identify differential gene, exon, and alternatively spliced transcript expression. Analyses were adjusted for age, batch, and time of blood draw after SAH.

Results
At the gene level, there were 259 differentially expressed genes between SAH patients with vasospasm compared to patients without (false discovery rate < 0.05, |fold change| ≥ 1.2). At the exon level, 1210 exons representing 1093 genes were differentially regulated between the two groups (P < 0.005, ≥ 1.2 |fold change|). Principal components analysis segregated SAH patients with and without vasospasm. Signaling pathways for the 1093 vasospasm-related genes included adrenergic, P2Y, ET-1, NO, sildenafil, renin–angiotensin, thrombin, CCR3, CXCR4, MIF, fMLP, PKA, PKC, CRH, PPARα/RXRα, and calcium. Genes predicted to be alternatively spliced included IL23A, RSU1, PAQR6, and TRIP6.

Conclusions
This is the first study to demonstrate that mRNA expression in whole blood distinguishes SAH patients with vasospasm from those without vasospasm and supports a role of coagulation and immune systems in vasospasm.
Thermal mapping of the 2009 dyke emplacement at Harrat Lunayyir, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al Shehri Azizah , Gudmundsson Agust 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The 2009 seismic episode at Harrat Lunayyir signalled a renewed geohazard and resulted in a regional dyke that propagated to a very shallow depth (a few hundred metres) below the surface. Since then, there has been an extensive research debate over the potential links between the volcanic/intrusive activity and tectonic processes, particularly because the earthquake swarm and dyke propagation did not eventually result in an eruption. The current study seeks to estimate the relative changes in surface temperatures as a means for detecting an impending dyke-fed eruption or, alternatively, dyke arrest at a shallow depth. An analysis of thermal (infrared) data with a focus on the spatial distribution of land surface temperatures over a longer period of observation may help reveal the link between volcanic activity and dyke propagation. Here, the land surface temperature changes in the centre of Harrat Lunayyir were recorded when the 2009 dyke was propagating toward the surface. The spatial distribution of the land surface temperatures in the area indicated the segmentation of the dyke and suggested the segments were arrested at somewhat different depths below the surface.
The learning environment on a&nbsp;student ward: an observational study
Authors: Dyar Anna , Lachmann Hanna , Stenfors Terese , Kiessling Anna 
Published: October 2019

Introduction Worldwide, a growing number of healthcare students require clinical environments for learning. Some wards have become adapted ‘student wards’ to meet this demand. Benefits have been reported from the students’, supervisors’ and patients’ perspectives. There is no definition of a student ward, and little research on what the term means. A deeper understanding of the characteristics of student wards is needed to support their use. The aim of this study is to describe what characterises the learning environment on one student ward.
Methods An ethnographic approach was used for an observational study on a student ward in a hospital in Sweden. Student nurses, supervisors and others on the ward were observed. Field notes were thematically analysed.
Results Four themes were identified: ‘Student-led learning’ described students learning by actively performing clinical tasks and taking responsibility for patients and for their own learning. ‘Learning together’ described peer learning and supervision. ‘Staff’s approach to learning’ described personalised relationships between the students and staff and the build-up of trust, the unified inter-professional approach to teaching, and the supervisors’ motivation for teaching and for their own learning. ‘Student-dedicated space’ described the effect of the student room on the learning environment.
Discussion and conclusions This study describes the characteristics of a student ward that centred around a community of practice that shared a view of learning as a priority, allowing staff to provide clinical care without compromising students’ learning.
Phase Dynamics of the Dysthe Equation and the Bifurcation of Plane Waves
Authors: Ratliff D. J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The bifurcation of plane waves to localised structures is investigated in the Dysthe equation, which incorporates the effects of mean flow and wave steepening. Through the use of phase modulation techniques, it is demonstrated that such occurrences may be described using a Korteweg–de Vries equation. The solitary wave solutions of this system form a qualitative prototype for the bifurcating dynamics, and the role of mean flow and steepening is then made clear through how they enter the amplitude and width of these solitary waves. In addition, higher order phase dynamics are investigated, leading to increased nonlinear regimes which in turn have a more profound impact on how the plane waves transform under defects in the phase.
Exploratory Study of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Histogram Metrics in Assessing Pancreatic Malignancy
Authors: Taffel Myles T. , Luk Lyndon , Ream Justin M. , Rosenkrantz Andrew B. 
Published: October 2019

PurposeTo evaluate whole-lesion 3D-histogram apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) metrics for assessment of pancreatic malignancy.MethodsForty-two pancreatic malignancies (36 pancreatic adenocarcinoma [PDAC], 6 pancreatic neuroendocrine [PanNET]) underwent abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with diffusion-weighted imaging before endoscopic ultrasound biopsy or surgical resection. Two radiologists independently placed 3D volumes of interest to derive whole-lesion histogram ADC metrics. Mann-Whitney tests and receiver operating characteristic analyses were used to assess metrics’ diagnostic performance for lesion histology, T-stage, N-stage, and grade.ResultsWhole-lesion ADC histogram metrics lower in PDACs than PanNETs for both readers ( P ≤ .026) were mean ADC (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.787-0.792), mean of the bottom 10th percentile (mean0-10) (AUC = 0.787-0.880), mean of the 10th-25th percentile (mean10-25) (AUC = 0.884-0.917) and mean of the 25th-50th percentile (mean25-50) (AUC = 0.829-0.829). For mean10-25(metric with highest AUC for identifying PDAC), for reader 1 a threshold > 0.94 × 10−3mm2/s achieved sensitivity 94% and specificity 83%, and for reader 2 a threshold > 0.82 achieved sensitivity 97% and specificity 67%. Metrics lower in nodal status ≥ N1than N0for both readers ( P ≤ .043) were mean0-10(AUC = 0.789-0.822) and mean10-25(AUC = 0.800-0.822). For mean10-25(metric with highest AUC for identifying N0), for reader 1 a threshold <1.17 achieved sensitivity 87% and specificity 67%, and for reader 2 a threshold <1.04 achieved sensitivity 87% and specificity 83%. No metric was associated with T-stage ( P > .195) or grade ( P > .215).ConclusionVolumetric ADC histogram metrics may serve as non-invasive biomarkers of pancreatic malignancy. Mean10-25outperformed standard mean for lesion histology and nodal status, supporting the role of histogram analysis.
Changes over time in family members of adults with mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: Jones Kelly , Theadom Alice , Prah Philip , Starkey Nicola , Barker-Collo Suzanne , Ameratunga Shanthi , Feigin Valery L. ,   for the BIONIC Study
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjective:The impact of traumatic brain injury (TBI) extends beyond the person who was injured. Family caregivers of adults with moderate to severe TBI frequently report increased burden, stress and depression. Few studies have examined the well-being of family members in the mild TBI population despite the latter representing up to 95% of all TBIs.Methods:Five areas of well-being were examined in 99 family members (including parents, partners, siblings, other relatives, adult children, friends or neighbours) of adults (aged ≥16 years) with mild TBI. At 6- and 12-month post-injury, family members completed the Bakas Caregiver Outcomes Scale, Short Form-36 Health Survey, EQ-5D-3L, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Outcomes and change over time and associated factors were examined.Results:At 6 months, group mean scores for health-related quality of life for mental and physical components and overall health status were similar to the New Zealand (NZ) population. Mean scores for sleep, anxiety and depression were below clinically significant thresholds. From 6 to 12 months, there were significant improvements in Bakas Caregiver Outcomes Scale scores by 2.61 (95% confidence interval: 0.72–4.49), health-related quality of life (mental component) and EQ-5D-3L overall health (P= 0.01). Minimally clinically important differences were observed in overall health, anxiety, health-related quality of life and depression at 12 months. Female family members reported significant improvements in physical health over time, and more positive life changes were reported by those caring for males with TBI.Conclusions:The findings suggest diminished burden over time for family members of adults with mild TBI.
An evaluation of the skincare management of patients receiving radiotherapy for breast cancer
Authors: McAlinden Leona , Mullan Andrea , Shepherd Paul 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAim:Breast cancer patients experience skin reactions during radiotherapy. Radiation-induced skin reactions can result in treatment delivery being interrupted. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the skincare management of patients receiving radiotherapy for breast cancer in order to inform best practice.Method:A literature search was undertaken using USearch and HONNI in support of the first-hand evidence gained from the supervised on-treatment review of patients receiving radiotherapy for breast cancer.Results:There is evidence to suggest that the skincare advice given to patients varies widely between departments in the UK with many not following nationally recommended guidelines. Studies demonstrate that there are ways to reduce skin reactions and that there are a range of effective management strategies being adopted. Prophylactic skincare has been explored to improve the resilience of the skin prior to commencing radiotherapy.Findings:Further investigation is required in order to clearly establish the optimum national skincare management for breast cancer patients. More studies are required to test the effectiveness and viability of prophylactic measures. Skincare guidance needs to be robustly developed and effectively promoted by therapeutic radiographers for radiotherapy patients to benefit from reduced, radiation-induced, skin reactions.
III/V-on-Si MQW lasers by using a novel photonic integration method of regrowth on a bonding template
Authors: Hu Yingtao , Liang Di , Mukherjee Kunal , Li Youli , Zhang Chong , Kurczveil Geza , Huang Xue , Beausoleil Raymond G. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSilicon photonics is becoming a mainstream data-transmission solution for next-generation data centers, high-performance computers, and many emerging applications. The inefficiency of light emission in silicon still requires the integration of a III/V laser chip or optical gain materials onto a silicon substrate. A number of integration approaches, including flip-chip bonding, molecule or polymer wafer bonding, and monolithic III/V epitaxy, have been extensively explored in the past decade. Here, we demonstrate a novel photonic integration method of epitaxial regrowth of III/V on a III/V-on-SOI bonding template to realize heterogeneous lasers on silicon. This method decouples the correlated root causes, i.e., lattice, thermal, and domain mismatches, which are all responsible for a large number of detrimental dislocations in the heteroepitaxy process. The grown multi-quantum well vertical p–i–n diode laser structure shows a significantly low dislocation density of 9.5 × 104 cm−2, two orders of magnitude lower than the state-of-the-art conventional monolithic growth on Si. This low dislocation density would eliminate defect-induced laser lifetime concerns for practical applications. The fabricated lasers show room-temperature pulsed and continuous-wave lasing at 1.31 μm, with a minimal threshold current density of 813 A/cm2. This generic concept can be applied to other material systems to provide higher integration density, more functionalities and lower total cost for photonics as well as microelectronics, MEMS, and many other applications.