bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defining a land boundary for sustainable livestock consumption
Authors: Van Zanten Hannah H. E. , Herrero Mario , Van Hal Ollie , Röös Elin , Muller Adrian , Garnett Tara , Gerber Pierre J. , Schader Christian , De Boer Imke J. M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe need for more sustainable production and consumption of animal source food (ASF) is central to the achievement of the sustainable development goals: within this context, wise use of land is a core challenge and concern. A key question in feeding the future world is: how much ASF should we eat? We demonstrate that livestock raised under the circular economy concept could provide a significant, nonnegligible part (9–23 g/per capita) of our daily protein needs (~50–60 g/per capita). This livestock then would not consume human‐edible biomass, such as grains, but mainly convert leftovers from arable land and grass resources into valuable food, implying that production of livestock feed is largely decoupled from arable land. The availability of these biomass streams for livestock then determines the boundaries for livestock production and consumption. Under this concept, the competition for land for feed or food would be minimized and compared to no ASF, including some ASF in the human diet could free up about one quarter of global arable land. Our results also demonstrate that restricted growth in consumption of ASF in Africa and Asia would be feasible under these boundary conditions, while reductions in the rest of the world would be necessary to meet land use sustainability criteria. Managing this expansion and contraction of future consumption of ASF is essential for achieving sustainable nutrition security.
Sonic geographies: Themes, concepts, and deaf spots
Authors: Paiva Daniel 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis article poses a straightforward question: What has geography been listening to? Sonic geographies have been established as a relevant subfield in Human Geography in the last decades. During this period, a significant amount of work has been published, but there are still few reviews of these works, and most of them focus solely on Anglophone geography. In this article, I attempt to address this gap by providing an overview of the themes and concepts that have been studied within the emerging subfield of sonic geographies. My intention is to reunite a large range of works that are becoming increasingly scattered and specialized, in order to make sense of the subfield as a whole. With this in mind, I am particularly interested in identifying the “deaf spots” of the subfield, that is, the subjects, concepts, or fields that have not yet been explored thoroughly by sonic geographies.
Use of proton pump inhibitors is associated with increased mortality due to nosocomial pneumonia in bedridden patients receiving tube feeding
Authors: Hamai Kosuke , Iwamoto Hiroshi , Ohshimo Shinichiro , Wakabayashi Yu , Ihara Daisuke , Fujitaka Kazunori , Hamada Hironobu , Ono Koichi , Hattori Noboru 
Published: May 2018

AimTo investigate the association between the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPI) and nosocomial pneumonia and gastrointestinal bleeding in bedridden patients receiving tube feeding.MethodsA total of 116 bedridden hospitalized patients receiving tube feeding, of which 80 were supported by percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy and 36 by nasogastric tube, were included in the present study. The patients were divided into two groups: 62 patients treated with PPI (PPI group) and 54 patients without PPI (non‐PPI group). Mortality due to nosocomial pneumonia was evaluated using the Kaplan–Meier approach and the log–rank test.ResultsA total of 36 patients (31%) died of nosocomial pneumonia during the observation period; the mortality rate due to nosocomial pneumonia was significantly higher in the PPI group than in the non‐PPI group (P = 0.0395). Cox proportional hazard analysis showed that the use of PPI and lower levels of serum albumin were independent predictors of 2‐year mortality due to nosocomial pneumonia. Gastrointestinal bleeding was observed in four patients in the non‐PPI group (7.7%) and in one patient in the PPI group (1.6%); there was no significant difference between the two groups.ConclusionThe use of PPI in bedridden tube‐fed patients was independently associated with mortality due to nosocomial pneumonia, and the PPI group had a non‐significant lower incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding than the non‐PPI group. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 1215–1218.
Metagenomic study of bacterial microbiota in persistent endodontic infections using Next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Sánchez‐Sanhueza G. , Bello‐Toledo H. , González‐Rocha G. , Gonçalves A. T. , Valenzuela V. , Gallardo‐Escárate C. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAimTo determine the bacterial microbiota in root canals associated with persistent apical periodontitis and their relationship with the clinical characteristics of patients using next‐generation sequencing (NGS).MethodologyBacterial samples from root canals associated with teeth having persistent apical periodontitis were taken from 24 patients undergoing root canal retreatment. Bacterial DNA was extracted, and V3–V4 variable regions of the 16S rRNA gene were amplified. The amplification was deep sequenced by Illumina technology to establish the metagenetic relationships among the bacterial species identified. The composition and diversity of microbial communities in the root canal and their relationships with clinical features were analysed. Parametric and nonparametric tests were used to analyse differences between patient characteristics and microbial data.ResultsA total of 86 different operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified and Good's nonparametric coverage estimator method indicated that 99.9 ± 0.00001% diversity was recovered per sample. The largest number of bacteria belonged to the phylum Proteobacteria. According to the medical history from the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Classification System, ASA II–III had higher richness estimates and distinct phylogenetic relationships compared to ASA I individuals (P < 0.05). Periapical index (PAI) score 5 was associated with increased microbiota diversity in comparison to PAI score 4, and this index was reduced in symptomatic patients.ConclusionsBased on the findings of this study, it is possible to suggest a close relationship between several clinical features and greater microbiota diversity with persistent endodontic infections. This work provides a better understanding on how microbial communities interact with their host and vice versa.
Residual thermal stresses prediction for CVD coating/substrate system based on a numerical model
Authors: Wang Yang , Chen Zhaofeng , Pan Ning , Li Binbin , Yu Shengjie , Cui Sheng 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFor a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) coating/substrate system, an improved and optimized numerical model is established to predict the residual thermal stresses. This model takes into account both the normal and bending strains and is developed based on the concept of a misfit strain between coating and substrate. Comparisons are presented between predictions from this model and from finite element analysis. The effects of coating thickness, elastic modulus, temperature difference, and multiple deposition on the residual stresses in the coating/substrate system have also been analyzed in detail. Furthermore, some confirmatory CVD SiC experiments with different layers have also been conducted according to the analysis model. The predictions that the multiple deposition system can relieve the residual thermal stresses and reduce the microcracks in the outermost coating effectively, are consistent with the numerical model.
Effects of polysaccharides and polyphenolics fractions of Zijuan tea (Camellia sinensis var. kitamura) on α‐glucosidase activity and blood glucose level and glucose tolerance of hyperglycaemic mice
Authors: Chen Dejing , Sun Jingyuan , Dong Weixue , Shen Yixiao , Xu Zhimin 
Published: May 2018

SummaryThe effects of polysaccharides, theaflavins, thearubigins and theabrownin fractions of Zijuan tea on α‐glucosidase and blood glucose level and intolerance of hyperglycaemic mice were evaluated. The polysaccharides or theaflavins fraction exhibited greater inhibition rate of α‐glucosidase than acarbose positive control, thearubigins fraction or theabrownin fraction. The four fractions were delivered to the treatment mice through oval gavage each day for 15 days. The mice in polysaccharides and theaflavins high‐ and low‐dose and theabrownin high‐dose treatments significantly lowered their blood glucose levels while all the treatment mice gained body weight. The mice in polysaccharides, theaflavins and theabrownin high‐ and low‐dose treatments had greater glucose tolerance as well. Thus, the theaflavins and polysaccharides fractions of Zijuan tea effectively moderated the complications of hyperglycaemic mice. The lower effectiveness of thearubigins and theabrownin fractions may be caused by the highly polymerised polyphenolics which decreased their accessibility to α‐glucosidase and digestibility in mice.
Premenopausal women with recurrent urinary tract infections have lower quality of life
Authors: Ennis Siobhan S , Guo Huifang , Raman Lata , Tambyah Paul A , Chen Swaine L , Tiong Ho Yee 
Published: May 2018

ObjectivesTo examine the impact on quality of life of recurrent acute uncomplicated urinary tract infection among premenopausal Singaporean women, and to determine the risk factors for lower quality of life among these patients.MethodsA total of 85 patients with recurrent acute uncomplicated urinary tract infection who were referred to the Urology Department at the National University Hospital, Singapore, were prospectively recruited over a 3‐year period to complete the validated Short Form 36 Health Survey version 1. In addition, demographic and clinical details including symptomology and medical history were analyzed for factors impacting quality of life. Short Form 36 Health Survey version 1 results were compared with published population norms.ResultsAfter adjusting for age, gender and race, recurrent acute uncomplicated urinary tract infection patients had significantly lower quality of life on seven out of eight Short Form 36 Health Survey version 1 domains when compared with age‐, gender‐ and race‐adjusted population norms for Singapore. Among those with recurrent acute uncomplicated urinary tract infection, those who also reported caffeine consumption had significantly lower Short Form 36 Health Survey version 1 scores than those who did not. Those who reported chronic constipation also had consistently lower Short Form 36 Health Survey version 1 scores across all domains.ConclusionsRecurrent acute uncomplicated urinary tract infection has a negative impact on the quality of life of premenopausal, otherwise healthy women. Recurrent acute uncomplicated urinary tract infection patients who also have chronic constipation or consume caffeine have lower quality of life than those who do not. More studies are required to understand the relationships between these common problems and risk factors.
Preparation of TiC/Ti2AlC coating on carbon fiber and investigation of the oxidation resistance properties
Authors: Li Mian , Wang Kai , Wang Ji , Long Dewu , Liang Yanqin , He Liu , Huang Feng , Du Shiyu , Huang Qing 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMAX phases were proposed as the interphase materials for carbon fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composites toward the applications in high‐dose irradiation and oxidation environments. A thickness‐controllable TiC/Ti2AlC coating was fabricated on carbon fiber using an in situ reaction in a molten salt bath. The coating showed a multilayered structure, in which the inner layer was TiC and the outer layer was Ti2AlC. The influence of the reaction conditions on the morphology, composition, and thickness of the coating was investigated. The oxidation resistance properties of the as‐prepared TiC/Ti2AlC‐coated carbon fiber in static air and water vapor flow at elevated temperatures were investigated. The results showed that the as‐prepared TiC/Ti2AlC coating could provide good protection to the carbon fiber in both static air and water vapor flow up to 800°C. As these TiC and Ti2AlC materials have good irradiation resistance, the present work provides a potential way to develop an irradiation‐resistant interphase of carbon‐fiber‐reinforced ceramic matrix composites for nuclear applications. Furthermore, this work also provides a feasible way to prepare carbide/MAX phase coating on other carbon materials.
Facile one‐step high‐temperature spray pyrolysis route toward metal carbide nanopowders
Authors: Xing Junheng , Foroughi Paniz , Franco Hernandez Alexander , Behrens Andrés , Cheng Zhe 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFine ultrahigh‐temperature ceramic (UHTC) powders have found very important applications in many fields. In this work, a facile high‐temperature spray pyrolysis (HTSP) approach is implemented for the synthesis of HfC and TaC UHTC nanopowders starting from organic solvent (e.g., ethanol or 1‐pentanol) solutions of metal precursors (HfCl4 or TaCl5). It is proposed that, during HTSP, the precursor solution droplets would continuously undergo rapid drying, thermolysis (i.e., removal of low molecular weight species such as H2, H2O, and CO), and finally in situ carbothermal reduction (CTR) process to give rise to metal carbide nanopowders. The as‐obtained materials are shown by SEM as uniform and separated nanoparticles (~90 nm), whereas TEM reveals the carbide (e.g., HfC) nanoparticles are actually even smaller (~10‐20 nm) and embedded in amorphous carbon from excess solvent decomposition. It is found that among different processing parameters, the organic solvent used and the metal precursor concentration could largely influence the formation of metal carbide. In addition, lower HTSP temperatures (≤~1500°C for HfC) only lead to oxide‐carbon mixtures while higher temperatures (≥~1650°C) promote carbide formation. The HTSP method developed in this work is simple, low‐cost and efficient, and could potentially be optimized further for future large‐scale manufacturing of ultrafine UHTC nanopowders.
Identity coactivation: Person and situation influences and the mediating role of experienced conflict
Authors: Robin Jennifer , Baumann Heidi M. , Kotik Jan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis study tests a model of identity coactivation by empirically exploring coactivation experiences. Integrating identity research with the cognitive‐affective personality system, our model proposes the importance of self‐concept clarity (an individual difference), along with identification and level of self‐representation (two situational aspects), in understanding cognitive and emotional responses to identity coactivation. A moderated mediation model was tested on a final sample of 132 undergraduate students. Results show that self‐concept clarity and levels of self‐representation are associated with emotional discomfort, mediated by the described conflict between the coactivated identities. Further, the mediational path from levels of self‐representation to discomfort through conflict is moderated by identification with the coactivated identities. Findings suggest discomfort is reduced by both individual and situational variables.
Store brands and retail grocery competition
Authors: Luo Rong 
Published: May 2018

AbstractGrocery retailers rank store brands as the most important factor that differentiates them from their competitors. Retailer competition should have a stronger impact on the more substitutable national brands than the more differentiated store brands. However, the literature has not studied the impacts empirically. In this paper, I quantify the different impacts of retailer competition on national brands and store brands using the scanner data of a U.S. chain retailer. I estimate a structural demand and supply model that incorporates the differentiation effect and retailer competition. The results show that national brand consumers are more likely to switch stores than store brands consumers. By analyzing two counterfactual cases, I find that 1) if the retailer did not sell store brands, its profit would decrease, and the loss would be greater in markets with more competitors; and 2) if the retailer competition had increased, then the national brands' retail prices would decrease more than the store brands' prices.
Evaluation of medication dose omissions amongst inpatients in a hospital using an electronic Medication Management System
Authors: Hunt Katherine V. , Harding Andrew M. , Taylor Simone E. , Curtain Colin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesWhilst many dose omissions cause no patient harm, inappropriate dose omissions have been associated with increased length of hospital stay, risk of sepsis, and mortality. This study aimed to comprehensively describe the prevalence and nature of omitted doses overall and of high risk medication dose omissions in an organization using an electronic Medication Management System.MethodsA retrospective cross‐sectional study was undertaken in an Australian tertiary referral health service. All routinely documented electronic inpatient dose administration records from 1st July 2014 to 30th June 2015 were included. Period prevalence and characteristics of dose omissions overall and of high‐risk medication dose omissions were determined.ResultsDuring the study period, 3.3 million inpatient doses were scheduled for administration, with doses endorsed as “not given” comprising 6.2% of all scheduled doses. Non‐valid dose omissions (medication not available or no justification documented) comprised 1.2% of scheduled doses. Patient refusal accounted for one third of all dose omissions, while for 12% no explanation was provided and 7% were endorsed “medication not available”. High‐risk medications accounted for 20% of all dose omissions. One in 20 antimicrobial doses scheduled were omitted, and of these, 17% were due to patient refusal.ConclusionThe period prevalence of dose omissions in this large study after electronic Medication Management System implementation is similar to that found when paper charts were used. Although most dose omissions appear appropriate, many orders were not given due to patient refusal or with no documented justification. Interventions to minimize unintentional dose omissions are indicated.
The effect of the weekend upon admissions to General Medicine
Authors: Potezny Tessa , Horwood Chris , Hakendorf Paul , Thompson Campbell 
Published: May 2018

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesA reduction in the provision of hospital services on the weekend probably explains higher mortality for patients who are either admitted to hospital or undergo procedures on the weekend. The aim was to examine the effect of the day of the week of admission (DOWOA) upon the efficiency and quality of care for a cohort of General Medical inpatients.MethodsElectronic records were selected for unplanned adult admissions to 2 large public hospitals in Adelaide, South Australia, July 2012 to June 2017.ResultsThe cohort consisted of 50 323 records. The number of admissions on each day of the week differed significantly from 6389 on Sundays to 7548 on Thursdays (P < 0.001). Discharges were most frequent on Fridays, and fewest occurred on weekends (P < 0.001) especially if aged over 80 years, if they had significant comorbidity or if they were discharged to a residential aged care facility. The DOWOA did not significantly influence the proportion of cases who died in hospital (5.6% to 6.4%; P = 0.47). The DOWOA significantly affected median inpatient length of stay (IPLOS; 3.1 to 3.9 days; P < 0.001). The median inpatient length of stay (IPLOS) matched the number of days from the ensuing weekend to the DOWOA with the longest median IPLOS.ConclusionsGeneral Medicine has an inpatient mortality unaffected by the DOWOA. Care efficiency, however, follows a weekly cycle. The “weekend effect” for General Medical inpatients is a prolongation in their IPLOS as a result of fewer weekend discharges.
AN EXAMINATION OF 13F FILINGS
Authors: Anderson Anne , Brockman Paul 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe examine Form 13F institutional holdings and find evidence of reporting discrepancies that can be significant for the users of such filings. Using a hand‐collected sample of 13F filings by large bank holding companies, we find that (1) reported security holdings do not always match the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission's Official List, (2) market valuations of Official List securities can be inaccurate, and (3) amended 13F reports can be even less accurate than the original reports. Our findings show that in many cases, the frequencies and magnitudes of price discrepancies can be substantial. Overall, our evidence suggests that 13F users should exercise caution when relying on these reports.
Sensitive colorimetric detection of Salmonella enteric serovar typhimurium based on a gold nanoparticle conjugated bifunctional oligonucleotide probe and aptamer
Authors: Xu Zhenzhen , Bi Xiufang , Huang Yukun , Che Zhenming , Chen Xianggui , Fu Mingwen , Tian Hongyun , Yang Shuming 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA rapid, specific and visible detection method for Salmonella enteric serovar typhimurium (S. typhimurium) was developed based on a gold nanoparticle (AuNP) conjugated bifunctional oligonucleotide probe and aptamer. AuNPs were conjugated with bifunctional oligonucleotide probes and aptamer, then the target bacteria S. typhimurium cells were incubated with the conjugated AuNP. Since the aptamer had a higher affinity and specificity on binding with the cells and its configurations was therefore changed, AuNPs particles were released. These AuNPs particles would aggregate with NaCl and the color of the solution would turn blue from red. Under the optimal conditions, the correlation between the concentration of S. typhimurium and the intensity of the signals was observed to be linear within the range of 1.0 × 101∼1.0 × 106 cfu/ml (R2 = 0.9952), and the detection limit of the proposed method was observed to be 10 cfu/ml. This developed method offers the potential for rapid, sensitive, and visible detection of S. typhimurium in milk and shrimp samples.Practical applicationsThe developed method in this study can be used for the detection of S. typhimurium in food samples such as milk and shrimp. Furthermore, the developed method can be easily modified for the simultaneous detection of S. typhimurium and other bacteria.