bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mixed Micellar and Interfacial Studies of Triblock Copolymers with Amphiphilic Drug Ibuprofen in Aqueous Urea Solutions
Authors: Sood Ashwani Kumar , Aggarwal Meenu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMixed micellar and surface properties of non‐ionic triblock copolymers (Pluronic® P123 and F68) and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug Ibuprofen (IBF) have been evaluated in aqueous urea (100 mM) solutions with the help of surface tension and fluorescence measurements at 298.15 K. Various bulk and surface parameters such as critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the mixtures, micellar mole fraction (X), interaction parameter (β) and free energies were calculated using Clint, Rubingh, Rosen and Maeda models. In aqueous solutions, all the mixtures show synergistic interactions and are more in mixtures of IBF with P123. These interactions decrease in presence aqueous urea solution due to breaking of water structure surrounding the hydrophobic moieties by urea molecules resulting in delayed mixed micellization. Micellar aggregation number (Nagg) obtained from the steady state fluorescence quenching indicate that the participation of triblock copolymer is more than the drug IBF in mixed micelle formation. Stern‐Volmer constant (KSV), dielectric constant (Dexp), and micropolarity (I1/I3) have also been evaluated and their contribution in the mixed micellar systems have been discussed.
Trends in the surgical treatment of pathological proximal femur fractures in the United States
Authors: Varady Nathan H. , Ameen Bishoy T. , Schwab Pierre‐Emmanuel , Yeung Caleb M. , Chen Antonia F. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackground and objectivesLarge scale data on the treatment of pathologic proximal femur fractures (PPFFs) are lacking. The purpose of this study was to evaluate trends in patient demographics, complication rates, and relative utilization rates of various techniques associated with PPFFs.MethodsThe American College of Surgeons‐National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database was queried for PPFFs from 2009 to 2017. Patient demographics, 30‐day complications, and utilization rates were recorded. Trends in these variables were determined over the study period.ResultsMost patient demographics did not change during the study period. There were no trends toward decreasing rates of major complications (P = .82), reoperations (P = .65), non‐home discharges (P = .17), readmissions (P = .07), or deaths (P = .75); transfusion rates significantly decreased (P < .001). Rates of hemiarthroplasty decreased (P = .03) and rates of intramedullary nailing increased (P = .001).DiscussionDespite advances in cancer therapeutics, the average PPFF patient has not significantly changed over the past decade. Similarly, most short‐term outcomes after PPFF surgery have not improved, demonstrating a need for improved perioperative protocols. Finally, rates of IMN fixation are increasing while rates of HA are falling at NSQIP hospitals. Given that orthopedic oncologists favor endoprosthetic reconstruction in most cases, there may be a need for increased communication between orthopedic oncologists and other members of the orthopedic community treating PPFFs.
Grisel's Syndrome in an Adult After Endoscopic Nasopharyngectomy
Authors: Chua Andy J. K. , Tan Bernard W. S. , Tan Tiong Yong , Heah Harold H. W. 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundGrisel's syndrome is rare in adults, and is characterized by nontraumatic atlanto‐axial subluxation secondary to infection. Here, we report a case of Grisel's syndrome occurring after endoscopic nasopharyngectomy.MethodsA 67‐year‐old man complained of fever and neck pain with reduced lateral rotation after an endoscopic nasopharyngectomy for recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Flexion and extension X‐rays of the cervical spine demonstrated atlanto‐axial subluxation, and magnetic resonance imaging showed infective changes with cervical osteomyelitis. A diagnosis of Grisel's syndrome with cervical spine osteomyelitis was made. A later computed tomography (CT) scan demonstrated subluxation of C1 on C2, as well as the occipital‐C1 joint.ResultsThe patient was treated with intravenous antibiotics and offered surgery for spinal stabilization, but declined. He remained well 15 months post‐op on a cervical collar with minimal pain and no neurologic deficits.ConclusionA high index of suspicion for Grisel's syndrome is suggested in patients who have neck pain with reduced range of motion postnasopharyngectomy, and imaging is useful in clinching the diagnosis.Level of Evidence4
The effect of creep aging on localized corrosion resistance of AA2060 alloy
Authors: Wang Xun , Zhan Lihua , Liu Chunhui , Ma Peipei , Li He , Hu Libin , Liu Debo , Hu Zhenggen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe influence of creep aging at varied stresses on the localized corrosion behavior of AA2060 has been studied in this paper. Samples were subjected to stress free aging (SFA) and creep aging (CA) under two stress levels, after which tensile tests and intergranular corrosion (IGC) tests were carried out. The corrosion morphology and depth were examined using optical microscope. Compared with SFA, CA can enhance the mechanical properties and increase the IGC resistance of Al–Cu–Li alloy but high‐stress CA would intensify the intragranular corrosion penetration in the first 25 hr of aging time. The microstructure observation results show that dislocations introduced by CA provide favorable nucleation sites for T1 precipitates in the grain and impede the growth of T1 precipitates at grain boundary. Therefore, the potential difference between the grain interior and grain boundary can be reduced compared to that for the SFA. The mechanism by which CA affects the corrosion resistance of Al–Cu–Li alloys, as is essential to understand and optimize the creep aging process, has been proposed by considering the effect of creep‐deformation‐induced dislocations.
Detection of microstructural changes of 9% Cr‐martensitic steels during heat treatment and aging by polarization tests
Authors: Schmigalla Sven , Abstoss Kevin G. , Schultze Sabine , Mayr Peter 
Published: August 2019

Abstract9–12% chromium martensitic steels are widely used as pipe material in steam power plants. Their good creep behavior is based on a finely adjusted microstructure, which is strengthened by precipitates. During long‐term use at higher temperatures degredation mechanisms occur, which affect the initial microstructure. Subgrain and precipitate coarsening as well as phase formation like Laves‐phase ((Fe, Cr)2(Mo, W)) proceed and lead to a reduced creep resistance. For lifetime assessment a nearly nondestructive electrochemical test method would be beneficial to identify microstructural changes during periodical inspections. The paper is focussed on the usability of an adapted electrochemical potentiodynamic reactivation (EPR)‐method and deals with the adjustment of test conditions like electrolyte composition and polarization parameters. The results obtained under optimized test conditions show a clear indication of precipitate formation by changing the characteristics of the EPR‐curves for the well established alloy T/P91 (X10CrMoVNb9‐1) as well as for the boron containing advanced alloy MARBN (X10CrWCoVNb9‐3‐3).
Effects of rare earth elements on corrosion behaviors of low‐carbon steels and weathering steels
Authors: Liu Zheng , Lian Xintong , Liu Tengshi , Yang Yudan , Zhu Jianan , Dong Han 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe effects of rare earth elements on the corrosion properties of low‐carbon steel and weathering steel were investigated. To elucidate the roles of rare earth elements (Ce and La) and the corrosion behavior of steels, salt spray tests, electrochemical techniques, X‐ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscopy, Electron Probe Micro Analysis (EPMA), and Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) were conducted. The results showed that the addition of rare earth elements enhances the corrosion resistance of both low‐carbon steels and weathering steels, indicated by lower corrosion current density and salt spray corrosion rate after rare earth alloying. On the one hand, rare earth elements modify the morphology of inclusions and thus slow down the micro‐area electrochemical corrosion, which improves the electrochemical corrosion resistance of these two steels. On the other hand, rare earth atoms tend to segregate toward the interface between the rust layer and the matrix. Hence, salt spray corrosion resistance is improved due to the enhancement of adhesion and compactness of the rust by the addition of rare earth elements.
PPARA genetic variants increase the risk for cardiac pumping function reductions following acute high‐altitude exposure: A self‐controlled study
Authors: Yang Jie , Liu Chuan , Jihang Zhang , Yu Jie , Dai Limeng , Ding Xiaohan , Qiu Youzhu , Yu Sanjiu , Yang Yuanqi , Wu Yuzhang , Huang Lan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundLeft cardiac pumping function determines the compensatory capacity of the cardiovascular system following acute high‐altitude exposure. Variations in cardiac output (CO) at high altitude are inconsistent between individuals, and genetic susceptibility may play a crucial role. We sought to identify genetic causes of cardiac pumping function variations and describe the genotype–phenotype correlations.MethodsA total of 151 young male volunteers were recruited and transferred to Lhasa (3,700 m) from Chengdu (<500 m) by plane. Genetic information related to hypoxic signaling and cardiovascular‐related pathways was collected before departure. Echocardiography was performed both before departure and 24 hr after arrival at high altitude.ResultsHere we reported that PPARA variants were closely related to high‐altitude cardiac function. The variants of rs6520015 C‐allele and rs7292407 A‐allele significantly increased the risk for cardiac pumping function reductions following acute high‐altitude exposure. In addition, the individuals carrying haplotypes in PPARA, namely, rs135538 C‐allele, rs4253623 A‐allele, rs6520015 C‐allele and rs7292407 A‐allele (C‐A‐C‐A), suffered a 7.27‐fold risk for cardiac pumping function reduction (95% CI: 2.39–22.15, p = .0006) compared with those carrying the wild‐type haplotype.ConclusionsThis self‐controlled study revealed that PPARA variations significantly increased the risk for cardiac pumping function reductions following acute high‐altitude exposure, providing a potential predictive marker before high‐altitude exposure and targets in mechanistic studies.
Evaluation of Three Embryo Disinfectants on Hatching Success in Four Freshwater Ornamental Fish Species
Authors: Sipos Michael J , Lipscomb Taylor N , Wood Amy L , Ramee Shane W , DiMaggio Matthew A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Maintaining optimum conditions for embryo incubation is a critical consideration in finfish aquaculture. To this end, prophylactic disinfectant protocols have been widely used in culture practices for many finfish species. However, empirical evaluations of safety and effectiveness for disinfectants in ornamental fish species are uncommon. We evaluated hatching success in embryos of four ornamental fishes (Redtail Sharkminnow Epalzeorhynchos bicolor, Rainbow Sharkminnow E. frenatum, Featherfin Squeaker Synodontis eupterus, and Blotched Upsidedown Catfish S. nigriventris) after a 15-min immersion in one of three common disinfectant solutions: formalin at 1,500 mg/L, iodine at 100 mg/L, and hydrogen peroxide at 1,000 mg/L. A 15-min immersion in hatching water served as the control. All disinfectants were administered according to either the manufacturer's recommendation or protocols found in published literature for other species. At the tested concentrations, hydrogen peroxide and formalin can be safely used as prophylactic treatments for the majority of species evaluated, with no detrimental effects. In addition, Redtail Sharkminnow embryos treated with formalin exhibited numerically higher hatch success with less variation among replicates than the control treatment. For all species, a 15-min immersion in 100-mg/L iodine resulted in significantly lower hatching success when compared with all other treatments.
Fishery-Scale Discard Mortality Rate Estimate for Haddock in the Gulf of Maine Recreational Fishery
Authors: Capizzano Connor W. , Zemeckis Douglas R. , Hoffman William S. , Benoît Hugues P. , Jones Emily , Dean Micah J. , Ribblett Nate , Sulikowski James A. , Mandelman John W. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Empirical discard mortality rate estimates are vital to both stock assessments and fishery management, especially for stocks that experience high discard rates, such as in the recreational rod-and-reel fishery for Haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus in the Gulf of Maine. The objective of the present study was to derive a fishery-scale discard mortality rate estimate for Haddock that are captured and released in the Gulf of Maine recreational fishery by combining results of an electronic-tagging telemetry experiment with representative fishery-dependent survey data. Scientific personnel and industry partners collected data on a suite of biological, environmental, and technical covariates from 2,442 Haddock caught under authentic fishery scenarios during 2015. Despite being a physoclistous species, &lt;1% of sampled Haddock were observed to die when brought onboard and only ~3% floated upon release. Postrelease fate was then monitored for 154 Haddock using passive acoustic telemetry and determined using a semiquantitative classification procedure reliant upon movement data of Haddock with known fates. The resulting data were analyzed with a parametric survival model to identify which capture-related covariates influenced mortality. Fishing season and length-class of Haddock were the most significant predictors of discard mortality, with increased mortality for smaller individuals caught during the autumn, possibly due to increased temperatures. Survival modeling identified that mortality from these covariates occurred primarily after release as compared with during capture and handling. By integrating survival modeling results with fishery-dependent observations, a fishery-scale discard mortality rate of 63% was estimated for the 2015 fishing year. Based on these findings, we recommend that fishery managers implement measures to reduce recreational Haddock discards, especially of smaller Haddock during warmer months.
Spatial and Temporal Variability in a Large-Reservoir Fish Assessment and Application of a Stratified Random Sampling Approach
Authors: Schall Benjamin J. , Schoenebeck Casey W. , Koupal Keith D. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Sampling is often standardized with regard to time and space to monitor population characteristics. Effective sampling of large reservoirs can be complicated by the inherit bias of habitat variability along the reservoir gradient. Our objective was to assess spatial and seasonal distribution patterns of target and nontarget fish species in a large reservoir to identify potential sources of bias. A multitude of fish community and habitat characteristics were measured during seasonal (spring, summer, and fall) gill-net surveys in 2015 and 2016 at Lake McConaughy, Nebraska. Spatial assessments along the longitudinal gradient (up-reservoir to down-reservoir) and between opposing shorelines were made for fish metrics from the seven most common species, and associations between species-specific relative abundance and habitat data were examined. Spatial differences in relative abundance and size structure occurred for nearly all species, with the greatest spatial variability occurring between the upper and lower reservoir zones, but few strong correlations were observed between species-specific relative abundances and habitat data. Seasonal differences occurred in relative abundance and size structure for most species, and size structure was lowest in the fall for most species. To reduce the impact of spatial variability, we determined the minimum required sampling effort to achieve precise estimates of mean catch per net-night using two resampling strategies, with 16 or fewer gill-net sets required for five of seven species and 14 or fewer required if a stratified random approach is utilized. This research quantifies the extent of spatial and temporal variability in standardized sampling on a large reservoir and provides novel insight for managers of similar systems considering a stratified random approach to reduce sampling effort while maintaining desired levels of precision.
Agreement between self‐reported and registry‐based use of sleep medications and tranquilizers
Authors: Evandt Jorunn , Skurtveit Svetlana , Oftedal Bente , Krog Norun Hjertager , Nafstad Per , Skovlund Eva , Schwarze Per E. , Aasvang Gunn Marit 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of the present study was to assess the agreement between self‐reported use of sleep medications and tranquilizers and dispensed hypnotics and anxiolytics.MethodsSelf‐reported medication use was obtained from the population‐based survey Health and Environment in Oslo (HELMILO) (2009‐2010) (n = 13 019). Data on dispensed hypnotics and anxiolytics were obtained from the Norwegian Prescription Database (NorPD). As measures of validity, we calculated sensitivity and specificity using both self‐reports and prescription records as the reference standard. Furthermore, we calculated Cohen's kappa. Current self‐reported medication use was compared with prescription data in time windows of both 100 and 200 days preceding questionnaire completion.ResultsThe highest sensitivity was observed for current sleep medication use in the 100‐day time window (sensitivity = 0.76, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.74, 0.79) when using prescription records as the reference standard. Sensitivity was generally lower for tranquilizers compared with sleep medications. Cohen's kappa showed the highest agreement for the 200‐day time window with substantial agreement for sleep medications (kappa = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.62, 0.67) and moderate agreement for tranquilizers (kappa = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.41, 0.48).ConclusionsThe present study suggests moderate to substantial agreement between self‐reported use of sleep medications and tranquilizers and dispensed drugs in a general adult population. The magnitude of agreement varied according to drug category and time window. Since self‐reported and registry‐based use of these drug classes does not match each other accurately, limitations of each data source should be considered when such medications are applied as the exposure or outcome in epidemiologic studies.
Accumulation of “Old Proteins” and the Critical Need for MS‐based Protein Turnover Measurements in Aging and Longevity
Authors: Basisty Nathan , Holtz Anja , Schilling Birgit 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAging and age‐related diseases are accompanied by proteome remodeling and progressive declines in cellular machinery required to maintain protein homeostasis (proteostasis), such as autophagy, ubiquitin‐mediated degradation, and protein synthesis. While many studies have focused on capturing changes in proteostasis, the identification of proteins that evade these cellular processes has recently emerged as an approach to studying the aging proteome. With advances in proteomic technology, it is possible to monitor protein half‐lives and protein turnover at the level of individual proteins in vivo. For large‐scale studies, these technologies typically include the use of stable isotope labeling coupled with MS and comprehensive assessment of protein turnover rates. Protein turnover studies have revealed groups of highly relevant long‐lived proteins (LLPs), such as the nuclear pore complexes, extracellular matrix proteins, and protein aggregates. Here, the role of LLPs during aging and age‐related diseases and the methods used to identify and quantify their changes are reviewed. The methods available to conduct studies of protein turnover, used in combination with traditional proteomic methods, will enable the field to perform studies in a systems biology context, as changes in proteostasis may not be revealed in studies that solely measure differential protein abundances.
Phylogenetic spread of sequence data affects fitness of consensus enzymes: Insights from triosephosphate isomerase
Authors: Goyal Venuka Durani , Sullivan Brandon J. , Magliery Thomas J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe concept of consensus in multiple sequence alignments (MSAs) has been used to design and engineer proteins previously with some success. However, consensus design implicitly assumes that all amino acid positions function independently, whereas in reality, the amino acids in a protein interact with each other and work cooperatively to produce the optimum structure required for its function. Correlation analysis is a tool that can capture the effect of such interactions. In a previously published study, we made consensus variants of the triosephosphate isomerase (TIM) protein using MSAs that included sequences form both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. These variants were not completely native‐like and were also surprisingly different from each other in terms of oligomeric state, structural dynamics, and activity. Extensive correlation analysis of the TIM database has revealed some clues about factors leading to the unusual behavior of the previously constructed consensus proteins. Among other things, we have found that the more ill‐behaved consensus mutant had more broken correlations than the better‐behaved consensus variant. Moreover, we report three correlation and phylogeny‐based consensus variants of TIM. These variants were more native‐like than the previous consensus mutants and considerably more stable than a wild‐type TIM from a mesophilic organism. This study highlights the importance of choosing the appropriate diversity of MSA for consensus analysis and provides information that can be used to engineer stable enzymes.
Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety, and immunogenicity of Pelmeg®, a pegfilgrastim biosimilar in healthy subjects
Authors: Roth Karsten , Lehnick Dirk , Wessels Hendrik , Höfler Josef , Gastl Barbara , Jankowsky Ruediger 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA pharmacokinetics (PK)/pharmacodynamics (PD) study (EudraCT number 2015‐002966‐21) was conducted to investigate the biosimilarity of Pelmeg® (pegfilgrastim), a biosimilar to EU‐authorized Neulasta®, which is used in the clinic for prevention of chemotherapy‐induced neutropenia. The single‐dose, randomized, double‐blind, two‐way crossover study comprised 171 healthy male subjects, receiving Pelmeg and Neulasta (6 mg as subcutaneous injection) in a sequential manner. Primary PK endpoints were the area under the concentration curve from time zero to last measurable concentration (AUC0‐last) and the maximum concentration (Cmax). The primary PD endpoint was the area under the effect curve (AUEC0‐last) for absolute neutrophil count (ANC). Safety and immunogenicity were also assessed. Comparability was demonstrated for both PK endpoints, with geometric mean ratios (test/reference) for AUC0‐last and Cmax of 95.2% and 92.8%, respectively. The corresponding confidence intervals (CIs; 94.3%) were [86.6%;104.7%] for AUC0‐last and [84.4%;102.2%] for Cmax, both being within the equivalence margin of 80.0% to 125.0%. Likewise, PD comparability was demonstrated, with the geometric mean ratio (test/reference) of AUEC0‐last of 100.2%, with a corresponding CI (95%) of 98.7%‐101.8%. No clinically meaningful differences were observed for safety and immunogenicity between Pelmeg and Neulasta. Pelmeg was found to be highly similar to the reference product.