bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Domenico Scarlatti, Escape Artist: Sightings of His ‘Mixed Style’ towards the End of the Eighteenth Century
Authors: SCHMALFELDT JANET 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTA permanent move at the age of 34, from Italy into the private services of Princess María Bárbara in Portugal, later in Spain, allowed Domenico Scarlatti to escape fame and stylistic classification. In the absence of a convincing category for Scarlatti's music – post‐Baroque? pre‐Classical?galant? transitional? – the Scarlatti scholar W. Dean Sutcliffe resorts to the apt expression ‘mixed style’. But Sutcliffe acknowledges that ‘much about the Scarlatti sonatas demands to be considered in the light of the Classical style’, and so do I. In particular, the specific type of two‐part form that the composer employs in most of his 555 extant keyboard sonatas was hardly unique on the continent during his lifetime, and that form continued to appear long after it had yielded to what we today call ‘the Classical sonata’.The composer's musical ‘escape mechanisms’ – surprising delays of expected outcomes by way of evaded cadences and ‘one‐more‐time’ repetitions – can be ‘sighted’ in much repertoire towards the end of the eighteenth century, especially in the music of Mozart. Just the same, no amount of comparison of Scarlatti's music with that of later composers can diminish his ‘Spanish’ flamboyance, his penchant for the juxtaposition of wildly different ideas within a single movement – in short, his unparalleled, signature contributions to keyboard music.
Sugar availability suppresses the auxin‐induced strigolactone pathway to promote bud outgrowth
Authors: Bertheloot Jessica , Barbier François , Boudon Frédéric , Perez‐Garcia Maria Dolores , Péron Thomas , Citerne Sylvie , Dun Elizabeth , Beveridge Christine , Godin Christophe , Sakr Soulaiman 
Published: September 2019

Summary

Apical dominance occurs when the growing shoot tip inhibits the outgrowth of axillary buds. Apically‐derived auxin in the nodal stem indirectly inhibits bud outgrowth via cytokinins and strigolactones. Recently, sugar deprivation was found to contribute to this phenomenon.

Using rose and pea, we investigated whether sugar availability interacts with auxin in bud outgrowth control, and the role of cytokinins and strigolactones, in vitro and in planta.

We show that sucrose antagonises auxin’s effect on bud outgrowth, in a dose‐dependent and coupled manner. Sucrose also suppresses strigolactone inhibition of outgrowth and the rms3 strigolactone‐perception mutant is less affected by reducing sucrose supply. However, sucrose does not interfere with the regulation of cytokinin levels by auxin and stimulates outgrowth even with optimal cytokinin supply. These observations were assembled into a computational model in which sucrose represses bud response to strigolactones, largely independently of cytokinin levels. It quantitatively captures our observed dose‐dependent sucrose‐hormones effects on bud outgrowth and allows us to express outgrowth response to various combinations of auxin and sucrose levels as a simple quantitative law.

This study places sugars in the bud outgrowth regulatory network and paves the way for a better understanding of branching plasticity in response to environmental and genotypic factors.
Opiate Intoxication Caused by Epidural Infusion of Morphine: A Case Report of a Near Fatal Medication Error
Authors: Akkerman Ronald D.L. , Nguyen Thi M.D. , Dekkers Angela J.E. , de Haas Jan A.M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionEpidural infusion of local anesthetics with opioids is widely used for pain control during the perioperative—and peripartum—periods. Selection of the opioid, appropriate dosing, and follow‐up by the acute pain service are critical in providing safe postoperative epidural analgesia.Case Report SummaryA 71‐year‐old man was scheduled for a parastomal hernia repair with midline laparotomy. The parastomal hernia was a complication from a previously performed colectomy for ulcerative colitis. Preoperatively, the patient received a lower thoracic epidural catheter. The epidural infusate (0.2% ropivacaine with 0.5 µg/mL sufentanil) was prepared and double‐checked by holding area nurses. The fact that the right prescription medication label partially covered a morphine label went unnoticed. The intraoperative phase was characterized by stable parameters. Postoperatively, it was not possible to demonstrate an epidural nerve block. No pain was reported, and the patient could be transferred to the ward. The patient developed coma and delayed respiratory depression after discharge to the surgical ward, requiring intensive care unit admission and naloxone administration. Analysis of the syringe content revealed the presence of morphine (1 mg/mL).DiscussionColor‐coded prefilled syringes combined with the use of an epidural specific syringe connector to prevent cross‐connections should become standard practice. In addition, delayed respiratory depression should be considered after epidural administration of morphine.
Timing of disturbance, top‐down, and bottom‐up driving on early algal succession patterns in a tropical intertidal community
Authors: Mayakun Jaruwan , Prathep Anchana , Kim Jeong Ha 
Published: September 2019

SUMMARYHerbivory and nutrient enrichment are major drivers of the dynamics of algal communities. However, their effects on algal abundance are under the influence of seasons. This study investigated the effects of herbivory and nutrient enrichment on early algal succession patterns using cages (uncaged and fully caged treatments) and two nutrient levels (ambient and enriched concentrations). To determine seasonal influences, experiment plots on dead coral patches were cleared during both dry and rainy season. Of the 17 algal species recruited in the experiment plots, three were dominant: Ulva paradoxa C. Agardh, Padina in the Vaughaniella stage, and Polysiphonia sphaerocarpa Børgesen. In this succession process, U. paradoxa was the earliest colonizer and occupied the cleared plots within the first month after clearing with the highest percentage of 83.33 ± 1.67% to 88.33 ± 9.28%. Then, it was replaced by the late successional algae, Padina in the Vaughaniella stage, and P. sphaerocarpa. The effects of herbivory and nutrient enrichment on algal abundance varied across algal functional groups and seasons. During the dry season, neither herbivory nor nutrient enrichment affected Ulva cover but during the rainy season, Ulva cover was influenced by nutrient enrichment. However, the abundance of algae in this early stage was not apparently affected by either herbivory or nutrient enrichment. Our results indicated that the timing of disturbance strongly influenced the algal abundance and successional patterns in this tropical intertidal community.
Do Voluntary Associations Matter for the Spread of Civic Activism in Russia? Matching Technique Applied to Survey Data
Authors: Leonard Carol , Nazarov Zafar , Jakobson Lev 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveThis article develops an empirical model that tests whether in post‐communist Russia prior membership in a civil society organization (CSO) motivates civic activism. Revisiting Tocquevillian notions of a nurturing effect by formal civil society organizations of civic activism, we aim to help explain recent research findings showing that civic activism is sustainable and vital in Russia.MethodsTo test the main hypothesis of the study, we use the cross‐sectional survey of Russians aged 18 and older in the fall of 2014 (N = 1,500) representing 43 regions conducted by the Russian Civil Society Monitoring Survey of the Higher School of Economics' Centre for Studies of Civil Society and the Nonprofit Sector (2006–). We use the propensity score matching (PSM) technique to estimate the main effects. We also show that the effect of unobserved factors on our PSM estimates is limited using Rosenbaum bounds analysis.ResultsThe PSM analysis suggests that for all four indicators of civic activism, that is, willingness to integrate with other members of society, participation in tenant meetings, engagement in charity activities, and engagement in home improvement, CSO participation positively impacts civic activism. The impact varies from a 7.2 to 15.8 percent higher propensity of civic activism for CSO participants.ConclusionWe conclude that prior participation in a CSO can have a motivating influence on civic activism such as charity work, residential home improvement, willingness to integrate with other members of the society, and participation in tenant meetings.
TheC4Ppcpromoters of many C4grass species share a common regulatory mechanism for gene expression in the mesophyll cell
Authors: Gupta Shipan Das , Levey Myles , Schulze Stefanie , Karki Shanta , Emmerling Jan , Streubel Monika , Gowik Udo , Paul Quick W. , Westhoff Peter 
Published: September 2019

SummaryC4photosynthetic plants have evolved from C3ancestors and are characterized by differential expression of several hundred genes. Strict compartmentalization of key C4enzymes either to mesophyll (M) or bundle sheath cells is considered a crucial step towards the evolution of C4photosynthesis. In this study, we demonstrate that the 5′‐flanking sequences of the C4type phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (Ppc) gene from three C4grass species could drive M‐cell‐specific expression of a reporter gene in rice. In addition to that, we identified about 450 bp (upstream of their transcription start site) of the analyzedC4Ppcpromoters contain all the essential regulatory elements for driving M‐cell‐specific expression in rice leaves. Importantly, four motifs of conserved nucleotide sequences (CNSs) were also determined, which are essential for the activity of the promoter. A putative interaction between theCNSs and an unknown upstream element(s) is required for driving M‐cell‐specific expression. This work identifies the evolutionary conservation ofC4Ppcregulatory mechanisms of multiple closely related C4grass species.
Visualization of Two-phase Bursting Flow Effect on the Two-Phase Closed Thermosyphon
Authors: Kim Yeonghwan , Shin Dong Hwan , Kim Jin Sub , You Seung M. , Lee Jungho 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Two-phase flow inside the two-phase closed thermosyphon (TPCT) including evaporator, adiabatic and condenser sections was visually investigated in order to qualitatively analyze the complicated behaviors of both liquid film and vapor flows simultaneously. The semi-cylindrical channel which is 650 mm long was formed in the long copper block and the flat face of the channel was covered with a flat Pyrex glass for visual observation. The inner diameter of the semi-cylindrical channel was 25 mm and distilled water was used as a working fluid. The filling ratio of the thermosyphon was fixed at 0.5 and the inclination angle was set to 60º. As the heat flux increases, nucleate boiling becomes dominant and the bursting motion starts to begin in the liquid pool at the evaporator section. The bursting liquid flow reaches the condenser section and changes the condensation regime from dropwise to filmwise by flooding the condenser wall, which results in the decrease of condensation heat transfer coefficient. In addition, the vigorous vapor generation which occurs in the liquid pool at the evaporator section disturbs the circulation of the condensate film from the condenser to the evaporator section. As a result, the local dry-out occurs on the evaporator section with increasing heat flux, so the boiling heat transfer coefficient is decreased.
[This research was supported by the Ministry of Science and ICT through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2018H1D3A2000929).]
Using a Novel Phase Change Material-Based Cooling Tower for a Photovoltaic Module Cooling
Authors: Abdollahi Nasrin , Rahimi Masoud 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This paper presents an experimental investigation on a hybrid solar system, including a water-based photovoltaic (PV) solar module and a phase change material (PCM)-based cooling tower, for cooling of the module. Elimination of heat from the PV module was performed by the use of water in the back of the panel. The PCM-based cooling tower was used as a postcooling system. A composite oil consisting of 82 wt% coconut oil and 18 wt% sunflower oil has been used as a novel phase change material in the cooling tower. The helical tubes of the cooling tower were fabricated in two different curvature ratios of 0.054 and 0.032. The experiments were performed at three different water flow rates of 11.71, 16.13, and 19.23 mL/s. The cooling performance evaluation was carried out using the average surface temperature and output power of the photovoltaic panel. The results indicated that diminution of the average PV surface temperature relative to the reference temperature was 34.01 and 32.36 °C at a water flow rate of 19.23 mL/s for the cooling systems with helical tube curvature ratios 0.054 and 0.032, respectively. Furthermore, the highest electric output power was achieved for the cooling system with a helical tube curvature ratio of 0.054 at a water flow rate of 19.23 mL/s.
Prevalence and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy in a cross-sectional population-based study from rural southern China: Dongguan Eye Study
Authors: Cui Ying , Zhang Min , Zhang Liang , Zhang Lixin , Kuang Jian , Zhang Guanrong , Liu Qingyang , Guo Haike , Meng Qianli 
Published: September 2019

Research questionThe current population-based study aimed to investigate the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and risk factors among residents over 40 years old in the rural area of Dongguan, southern China.Study designThe Dongguan Eye Study was a population-based study from September 2011 to February 2012.SettingThe area was set in the rural area of Dongguan, southern China.ParticipantsAdult rural population aged 40 or older.InterventionParticipants underwent haematological, physical, ophthalmic examinations and completed a questionnaire regarding lifestyles and systemic medical conditions.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe frequency and risk factors of visual impairment and the major vision-threatening eye diseases.ResultsOf the 8952 Han Chinese, 1500 were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with an average age of 59.5±11.1 years, and 1310 participants with fundus photography results were analysed. Standardised prevalence rate of DR was 18.2% for all patients with diabetes, 32.8% for the patients with previously diagnosed diabetes and 12.6% for newly diagnosed patients with T2DM. The prevalence rate of male DR was significantly higher than that of female DR (23.0% vs 14.1%, p<0.001). No significant difference was found in age-specific prevalence of DR. In diabetic patients, the prevalence rates of vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular oedema and clinically significant macular oedema were 2.5%, 2.8% and 0.9%, respectively. Male gender, higher education level, longer duration of diabetes mellitus (DM), higher systolic blood pressure and glycosylated haemoglobin were independent risk factors for DR development in patients with diabetes.ConclusionA relatively lower prevalence of DR was found among the participants with T2DM in residents over 40 years in the rural area of southern China. Thus, an ophthalmic examination is recommended, especially for individuals with DM and DR risk factors. There is a need to increase awareness and education on DM and DR, especially in subjects with DR risk factors to reduce the incidence of DR and macular oedema.
Interventions to prevent aggression against doctors: a systematic review
Authors: Raveel Ann , Schoenmakers Birgitte 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveTo find out if there is evidence on interventions to prevent aggression against doctors.DesignThis systematic review searched the literature and reported in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.Data sourcesPubmed, Embase, Turning Research into Practice (TRIP), Cochrane and Psycharticle, GoogleScholar andwww.guideline.govwere consulted.Eligibility criteriaAbstracts published in English between January 2000 and January 2018 were screened. Eligible studies focused on prevention and risk factors of type II workplace violence in general healthcare, psychiatric departments, emergency departments, emergency primary care, general practice.Data extraction and synthesisThe selected intervention studies were grouped into quantitative and qualitative studies. Systematic reviews were reported separately. For each study, the design, type of intervention and key findings were analysed. Quality rating was based on Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) and GRADE-Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative Research (CERQUAL).Results44 studies are included. One randomised controlled trial (RCT) provided moderate evidence that a violence prevention programme was effective in decreasing risks of violence. Major risk factors are long waiting times, discrepancy between patients’ expectations and services, substance abuse by the patient and psychiatric conditions. Appropriate workplace design and policies aim to reduce risk factors but there is no hard evidence on the effectiveness. One RCT provided evidence that a patient risk assessment combined with tailored actions decreased severe aggression events in psychiatric wards. Applying de-escalation techniques during an aggressive event is highly recommended. Postincident reporting followed by root cause analysis of the incident provides the basic input for review and optimisation of violence prevention programmes.ConclusionsThis review documented interventions to prevent and de-escalate aggression against doctors. Aggression against physicians is a serious occupational hazard. There is moderate evidence that an integrated violence prevention programme decreases the risks of patient-to-worker violence. The review failed to gather sufficient numerical data to perform a meta-analysis. A large-scale cohort study would add to a better understanding of the effectiveness of interventions.
An interrupted time-series analysis of the impact of emergency department reconfiguration on regional emergency department trolley numbers in Ireland from 2005 to 2015
Authors: Lynch Brenda , Browne John , Buckley Claire Mary , Healy Orla , Corcoran Paul , Fitzgerald Anthony P 
Published: September 2019

ObjectivesTo understand the impact of emergency department (ED) reconfiguration on the number of patients waiting for hospital beds on trolleys in the remaining EDs in four geographical regions in Ireland using time-series analysis.SettingEDs in four Irish regions; the West, North-East, South and Mid-West from 2005 to 2015.ParticipantsAll patients counted as waiting on trolleys in an ED for a hospital bed in the study hospitals from 2005 to 2015.InterventionThe system intervention was the reconfiguration of ED services, as determined by the Department of Health and Health Service Executive. The timing of these interventions varied depending on the hospital and region in question.ResultsThree of the four regions studied experienced a significant change in ED trolley numbers in the 12-month post-ED reconfiguration. The trend ratio before and after the intervention for these regions was as follows: North-East incidence rate ratio (IRR) 2.85 (95% CI 2.04 to 3.99, p<0.001), South IRR 0.68 (95% CI 0.51 to 0.89, p=0.006) and the Mid-West IRR 0.03 (95% 1.03 to 2.03, p=0.03). Two of these regions, the South and the Mid-West, displayed a convergence between the observed and expected trolley numbers in the 12-month post-reconfiguration. The North-East showed a much steeper increase, one that extended beyond the 12-month period post-ED reconfiguration.ConclusionsFindings suggest that the impacts of ED reconfiguration on regional level ED trolley trends were either non-significant or caused a short-term shock which converged on the pre-reconfiguration trend over the following 12 months. However, the North-East is identified as an exception due to increased pressures in one regional hospital, which caused a change in trend beyond the 12-month post reconfiguration.
Skeletal muscle function and need for long-term care of urban elderly people in Japan (the Bunkyo Health Study): a prospective cohort study
Authors: Someya Yuki , Tamura Yoshifumi , Kaga Hideyoshi , Nojiri Shuko , Shimada Kazunori , Daida Hiroyuki , Ishijima Muneaki , Kaneko Kazuo , Aoki Shigeki , Miida Takashi , Hirayama Satoshi , Konishi Seiki , Hattori Nobutaka , Motoi Yumiko , Naito Hisashi , Kawamori Ryuzo , Watada Hirotaka 
Published: September 2019

PurposeThe proportion of elderly individuals (age ≥65 years) in Japan reached 27.7% in 2017, the highest in the world. A serious social problem in a super-aged society is the rise in the number of elderly people who need long-term care (LTC), which is mainly due to cerebrovascular disease, dementia, age-related frailty, falls and fractures, and joint disease. We hypothesised that decreased muscle mass, muscle strength and insulin sensitivity are the common risk factors for these diseases related to needing LTC. We developed a prospective cohort study of elderly subjects in an urban community to test this hypothesis. The primary objective is to prospectively investigate associations between muscle mass, muscle strength, and insulin sensitivity and incidence of main disease and risk factors of needing LTC. The primary outcomes are the incidence of cerebrovascular disease and cognitive decline.ParticipantsParticipants were 1629 people aged 65–84 years living in 13 communities in an urban area (Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan). Average age was 73.1±5.4 years.Findings to dateWe obtained baseline data on cognitive function, cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) determined by brain MRI, body composition, bone mineral density, arteriosclerosis, physical function, muscle mass, muscle strength and insulin sensitivity. Mild cognitive impairment and dementia were observed in 18.1% and 3.3% of participants, respectively. The prevalence of cerebral SVD was 24.8%. These characteristics are similar to those previously reported in elderly Japanese subjects.Future plansWe will ask participants about their health status, including incidence of cerebrovascular disease, falls, fractures and other diseases every year by mail. We plan to re-evaluate cognitive function, brain MRI parameters and other parameters at 5 and 10 years after the baseline evaluation. We will evaluate whether low muscle function (muscle mass, muscle strength or insulin sensitivity) is a risk factor for cognitive decline or cerebrovascular disease.