bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between the photoionization and fast streamers in Ester-based insulating oil
Authors: Wang Kaizheng , Yu Ruilong , Wang Shuaiqi , Lei Dihao , Wang Feipeng , Li Jian 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Under impulse voltage, ester-based insulating oil (EO) is more likely to produce fast streamers than mineral insulating oil (MO). This paper explores the generation mechanism of fast streamers from a molecular perspective. First, the energy of EO to reach the first excited state is lower than that of MO, which is achieved through ultraviolet–visible light absorption experiments and molecular computation and is almost unaffected by the electric field. During the discharge process, photons may mainly come from molecular de-excitation, which leads to the neutral oil molecules transition and occurs photoionization. This study established a plasma photoionization model related to the change of first excitation energy and ionization energy at an electric field. Compared with MO, the electric field strength at the streamer head of EO is enhanced by the large number of charged particles produced by photoionization. The higher electric field further promotes the occurrence of photoionization, forming a positive feedback mechanism and accelerating the generation of fast streamers. The simulation results are consistent with the experimental results. It is found that field ionization is one of the main mechanisms that drives the streamers forward, and photoionization may be the cause of the generation of fast streamers in EO.
LL-VI SLAM: enhanced visual-inertial SLAM for low-light environments
Authors: Ma Tianbing , Li Liang , Du Fei , Shu Jinxin , Li Changpeng 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In low-light environments, the scarcity of visual information makes feature extraction and matching challenging for traditional visual simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) systems. Changes in ambient lighting can also reduce the accuracy and recall of loop closure detection. Most existing image enhancement methods tend to introduce noise, artifacts, and color distortions when enhancing images. To address these issues, we propose an innovative low-light visual-inertial (LL-VI) SLAM system, named LL-VI SLAM, which integrates an image enhancement network into the front end of the SLAM system. This system consists of a learning-based low-light enhancement network and an improved visual-inertial odometry. Our low-light enhancement network, composed of a Retinex-based enhancer and a U-Net-based denoiser, enhances image brightness while mitigating the adverse effects of noise and artifacts. Additionally, we incorporate a robust Inertial Measurement Unit initialization process at the front end of the system to accurately estimate gyroscope biases and improve rotational estimation accuracy. Experimental results demonstrate that LL-VI SLAM outperforms existing methods on three datasets, namely LOLv1, ETH3D, and TUM VI, as well as in real-world scenarios. Our approach achieves a peak signal-to-noise ratio of 22.08 dB. Moreover, on the TUM VI dataset, our system reduces localization error by 22.05% compared to ORB-SLAM3, proving the accuracy and robustness of the proposed method in low-light environments.
A multi-scale and multi-modal convolutional neural network for condition monitoring of transmission line
Authors: Wei Yanan , Zhang Xinyue , Shi Yufeng , Song Tianjin , Wu Gang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Monitoring the fatigue damage of transmission lines is crucial for stable power system operation. However, existing model-driven methods face challenges such as high computational complexity and reliance on expert knowledge, while data-driven methods require large amounts of abnormal state data. To address these issues, a multi-scale and multi-modal convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed for real-time condition monitoring of transmission lines. Key steps include: firstly, empirical Fourier decomposition is used to decompose the original signals, extracting multi-scale state information at different frequency scales. Then, time-domain, frequency-domain, and time–frequency domain analyses are performed on the decomposed signals to capture multi-modal information. Based on this, a multi-modal fusion network is proposed based on a CNN to extract shallow and deep features, with a fully connected layer used for multi-modal feature fusion. Notably, the algorithm is implemented on a microprocessor for practical application. Experimental results show that the proposed model achieves a diagnostic accuracy of 93.06%, outperforming classical networks. It also surpasses models trained solely on time, frequency, or time–frequency features by 25.18%, 21.8%, and 19.3%, respectively.
Digital fabrication for inexpensive physics experiments: the linear air track
Authors: Goncalves A M B , Calheiro L B 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this manuscript, we present a homemade linear air track made of wood and plastic by laser cutting and 3D printing. It can be used for physics experiments on kinematics and dynamics. To exemplify its use, we perform position measurements as a function of time for the gliders moving in the inclined track. The experiment shows the uniformly accelerated motion as expected, and permitted us to verify the low friction coefficient of the air track.
Novel frequency selective B1 focusing passive lenz resonators for substantial MRI signal-to-noise ratio amplification
Authors: Hodgson Aaron , Shepelytskyi Yurii , Batarchuk Viktoriia , Taradeh Nedal Al , Grynko Vira , Albert Mitchell S 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective. The need for increased sensitivity in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is crucial for its advancement as an imaging modality. The development of passive Lenz Resonators (LRs) for effective RF magnetic field (B1) focusing will improve MRI sensitivity via local amplification of MRI signal, thereby leading to more efficient diagnosis and patient treatment. Approach. While there are methods for amplifying the signal from specific nuclei in MRI, such as hyperpolarization, a general solution will be more advantageous and would work in combination with these preexisting methods. While the Lenz Lens proposed such a general solution based on Lenz’s law and the reciprocity principle, it came at the cost of limited signal enhancement. In this work, the first-in-kind prototype LR was conceived and examined as a general frequency-selective passive flux-focusing element for significant MRI signal enhancement. A 3.0 T Philips Achieva MRI was used to compare the signal from a phantom in the presence of Lenz Lenses, LRs, and control trials with neither component. Main results. An MRI investigation demonstrated an experimental amplification of the signal-to-noise ratio up to 80% using an MRI insert of two coaxial LRs due to superior B1 focusing. The resonators displayed consistent amplification, nearly independent of their x-position within the MRI bore. Significance. This behavior demonstrates the feasibility of imaging large objects of varying shapes without penalties for signal amplification using LRs. The LRs versatility in geometrical design and consistent signal amplifying abilities between pulse sequences should allow for the development of LRs suitable for most commonly used MRI setups.
On the microdosimetric characterisation of the radiation quality of a carbon-ion beam and the effect of the target volume thickness
Authors: Parisi Gabriele , Magrin Giulio , Verona Claudio , Verona-Rinati Gianluca , Barna Sandra , Meouchi Cynthia , Romano Francesco , Schettino Giuseppe 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective. Microdosimetry is gaining increasing interest in particle therapy. Thanks to the advancements in microdosimeter technologies and the increasing number of experimental studies carried out in hadron therapy frameworks, it is proving to be a reliable experimental technique for radiation quality characterisation, quality assurance, and radiobiology studies. However, considering the variety of detectors used for microdosimetry, it is important to ensure the consistency of microdosimetric results measured with different types of microdosimeters. Approach. This work presents a novel multi-thickness microdosimeter and a methodology to characterise the radiation quality of a clinical carbon-ion beam. The novel device is a diamond detector made of three sensitive volumes (SVs) of different thicknesses: 2, 6 and 12 µm. The SVs, which operate simultaneously, were accurately aligned and laterally positioned within 3 mm. This alignment allowed for a comparison of the results with a negligible impact of the SVs alignment and their lateral positioning, ensuring the homogeneity of the measured radiation quality. An experimental campaign was carried out at MedAustron using a carbon-ion beam of typical clinical energy (284.7 MeV u−1). Main results. The measurement results allowed for a meticulous interpretation of its radiation quality, highlighting the effect of the SV thickness. The consistency of the microdosimetric spectra measured by detectors of different thicknesses is discussed by critically analysing the spectra and the differences observed. Significance. The methodology presented will be highly valuable for future experiments investigating the effects of the target volume size in radiobiology and could be easily adapted to the other particles employed in hadron therapy for clinical (i.e. protons) and for research purposes (e.g. helium, lithium and oxygen ions).
Preliminary studies into polypropylene composites reinforced with fruit waste biomass: a choice towards sustainability
Authors: Sharma Hitesh , Gairola Sandeep , Misra Joy Prakash , Singh Inderdeep 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The development of polypropylene (PP) composites filled with a biomass from fruit waste, citrus limetta peel (CLP) fillers is explored in the current study. A polymer matrix consisting of neat polypropylene was filled with 10, 20, and 30% weight percentage (w/w) of CLP. The composite specimens were produced by extrusion followed by injection moulding. In addition to thermal and morphological evaluations, the mechanical properties are determined, including tensile and flexural (both strength and modulus). The primary results demonstrate that, for a 10 weight percent filler content, the inclusion of CLP filler raised the tensile and flexural modulus of the neat PP composites by 20.23% and 14.33%, respectively. All of the composites were found to be thermally stable up to 220 °C through thermal investigation. The burning rate increased with the incorporation of fillers whereas, the dripping effect gets reduced. Filler agglomeration, filler pull out, and poor adherence with increased CLP filler content were observed using scanning electron microscopy. The developed composites have got tremendous potential to be utilized in non-structural applications. The consequences of plastic burden on the environment can also be reduced.
Strategic design of carrier transport layer-free homojunction perovskite photodetector
Authors: Lin Lingyan , Jiang Linqin , Li Ping , Xiong Hao , Lien Shui-Yang , Chen Donyin , Lin Xiaoyuan , Zhang Lili , Qiu Yu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Perovskite photodetectors (PPDs) have attracted extensive attention due to their unique material properties. However, the use of electron and hole transport layers ( ETLs and HTLs) significantly increases the complexity of design and processing and reduces the reliability of the devices. To address these issues effectively, a simple strategy of eliminating the ETLs and HTLs by employing a perovskite homojunction is proposed. In this study, we examine a numerical design of p-n homojunction-based PPD without the use of carrier transport layers (CTLs), using the Silvaco TCAD simulator. To unlock the potential of the proposed design, the effects of doping concentration, mobility, thickness, and bandgap of p-perovskite and n-perovskite on the PPD photoelectric characteristics are investigated and optimized. The simulation results illustrate that a high-performance CTL-free PPD can be achieved by forming a p-n homojunction using a thin (<200 nm) highly-doped (5 × 1017 cm−3) p-perovskite layer and a thick (>600 nm) lowly-doped (5 × 1014 cm−3) n-perovskite layer with suitable mobility (1 ∼ 10 cm2 V−1 s−1). Under optimized conditions, our findings reveal an optimum detectivity of 7.4 × 1013 Jones at 750 nm, the optimum responsivity is found to be 0.42 A W−1 at 675 nm and the optimum EQE is 84% at 475 nm. These results highlight the promising potential of the p-n homojunction design as a device configuration for producing high-performance and reliable commercial PPDs without any CTL.
Design and analysis of dual-band circularly polarized coplanar waveguide antenna for millimeter-wave 5 G applications
Authors: Shebl Seif , Annadurai C , Kumar D Rajesh , Almawgani Abdulkarem H M 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A dual-band circularly polarized antenna has been designed for millimeter-wave applications, operating over the frequency ranges of 27 GHz to 28.45 GHz and 34.3 GHz to 35.8 GHz. The proposed coplanar waveguide (CPW) antenna features a central feed line serving as the main signal conductor, with circular structures arrayed around it acting as radiating elements. These elements are strategically designed for optimal performance at millimeter-wave frequencies. The antenna, with physical dimensions of 8 mm × 7 mm × 0.757 mm, corresponds to approximately 0.72λ × 0.63λ × 0.068λ at 27 GHz, where λ represents the free-space wavelength. Fabricated on a Rogers RT/duroid 5880 substrate, the antenna’s practical measurements exhibit good agreement with simulated results. The antenna achieves an overall gain of up to 6 dBi across the operating bandwidth, maintaining an axial ratio of less than 3 dB. These results confirm the antenna’s efficacy, making it a superior choice for millimeter-wave 5 G applications.
Influence of planar defects on the mechanical behaviors of spherical metallic nanoparticles
Authors: Bian Jianjun , Yuan Weike , Yang Liang , Ding Yue , Yu Xuehui , Shao Zhushan , Zhang Hao , Wang Gangfeng 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In present study, we adopt molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the influences of typical planar defects, including twin boundaries (TBs), stacking faults (SFs) and grain boundaries (GBs), on the mechanical properties of fcc copper nanoparticles. Groups of nanoparticle samples, including defect-free single crystal and those with specific defects, are examined for elastic modulus, yield strength, and deformation mechanisms. Detailed results reveal that the elastic behavior of nanoparticles can be well described by a modified theoretical model regardless the type of defects. While the planar defects have negligible influence on the elastic modulus, they significantly enhance the yield strength of nanoparticles. Notably, nanoparticles containing fivefold TBs exhibit the highest yield stress, i.e. ∼17.0 GPa, even surpassing that of the defect-free counterparts, i.e. ∼10.0 GP. Analysis of atomic deformation unravels that the distinct yielding behaviors are attributed to the activation of different slip systems and the nucleation of dislocations at specific preferential sites. These findings highlight the potential of fabricating planar defects to tailor the mechanical properties of metallic nanoparticles for targeted applications in nanotechnology and materials science.
Model independent approach for calculating galaxy rotation curves for low S/N MaNGA galaxies
Authors: Park Sangwoo , Shafieloo Arman , Bag Satadru , Denissenya Mikhail , Linder Eric V. , Ranjan Adarsh 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Internal kinematics of galaxies, traced through the stellar
rotation curve or two dimensional velocity map, carry
important information on galactic structure and dark
matter. With upcoming surveys, the velocity map may play
a key role in the development of kinematic lensing as an
astrophysical probe. We improve techniques for extracting
velocity information from integral field spectroscopy at
low signal-to-noise (S/N), without a template, and demonstrate substantial
advantages over the standard Penalized PiXel-Fitting method (pPXF) approach. Robust
rotation curves can be derived down to S/N ≈ 2 using our method.
Suitability of location for restocking Lola (Trochus niloticus) in Badi Island, Pangkep
Authors: Janna Rihul , Niartiningsih Andi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
One effort to protect Lola (Trochus niloticus) from extinction is through conservation by designating an area as a restocking zone. This study aims to analyze the suitability of restocking locations for Lola based on the appropriateness of environmental parameter quality with Lola density in the water. This research was conducted in April – May 2021 in Badi Island, Pangkep Regency. The data collected includes environmental parameters and lola density. The research stations were determined using purposive sampling methods based on indicators of the presence of coral reefs, which are Lola’s habitat. The observation stations were divided into two based on environmental characteristics: station 1 in the coral transplant area and station 2 in the natural coral reef area. Lola density data was collected using the swept area method with an observation distance of 30 meters forward and a sweep of 5 meters to the left and right at each repetition. Observation was carried out in 3 repetitions at each station, and each repetition had an interval of 5 meters. The research result showed that Lola density in Badi island ranged from 0.00056 – 0.00278 ind/m2, and the environmental parameter suitability ranged from 84 – 94%. The suitability of lola restocking locations for the suitable class at station 1 in the coral reef transplant area and the highly suitable class at station 2 in the natural coral reef area. Based on the results of this research, the recommendation is to establish a Lola restocking area on Badi Island in a natural coral reef area located in a Marine Protected Area (MPA).
Size distribution and feeding ecology of an Endemic Celebes Rainbowfish Marosatherina ladigesi Ahl, 1936 in Batu Puteh River, South Sulawesi
Authors: Nasyrah Adiara Firdhita Alam , Nur Muhammad , Simanjuntak Charles P.H , Ihsan Muhammad Nur , Fachry Mardiana Ethrawaty 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Marosatherina ladigesi is one of the endemic-ishes in South Sulawesi traded as an ornamental-ish. Anthropogenic activities such as destructive-ishing and habitat degradation caused by sand dredging have caused M. ladigesi to be listed as vulnerable in the IUCN Red List of threatened species. Conservation efforts are urgently needed to maintain this species in its native habitat. This study aimed to-ill gaps in data on size distribution and feeding ecology. Sampling was conducted monthly from May 2018 to April 2019 in the Batu Puteh River, South Sulawesi. Specimens were caught with a seine net (5 m long, 2 m wide, and 1 mm mesh size). All 235 M. ladigesi caught were collected and transported to the Macro Biology Laboratory I, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, IPB University for analysis. The size structure of-ish is 22.5 - 56.2 mm and on average male M. ladigesi were longer than females. The diet of M. ladigesi in the Batu Puteh River comprised insect larvae, mollusks, phytoplankton, and zooplankton. The most abundant prey item was insect larvae. M. ladigesi was therefore categorized as a predatory-ish. This generalist feeding strategy enables M. ladigesi to take adcantage of the available food organisms. These-indings can be used to prepare a food formulation for M. ladigesi in captivity that resembles their diet in the wild.
Coral reef condition at different trophic status in marginal waters of Bone Bay, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Irwan  , Rani Chair , Jompa Jamaluddin , Kadir Nadiarti Nurdin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCoral reef ecosystems are best suited to live in clear water conditions and oligotrophic trophic status, but marginal waters with high trophic levels in Bone Bay also have coral reef ecosystems living in them. This study was conducted in August 2023 with the aim of determining the percentage of live coral cover and its condition at different trophic status in marginal waters. Based on the processing of water quality data at 16 observation stations using the TRIX Index, four categories of water trophic status were identified, namely very high (hypertrophic), high (eutrophic), medium (mesotrophic), and low (oligotrophic) categories. Water conditions in areas close to the coastline have a higher trophic status compared to distant areas. The percentage of hard coral cover in eutrophic waters is 59.08%, in mesotrophic waters 63.63% and oligotrophic waters 43.15%. Based on PCA analysis, environmental conditions that correlate with hard corals are temperature, chlorophyll-a, TSS, pH, phosphate, nitrate and turbidity. It is anticipated that the results of this study can be a consideration for coastal area managers to protect coral reefs in marginal waters as the world’s future reef area.
The Investigation of the Ipomea pes-caprae Leaf Extract as Antimicrobial of Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Gazali Mohamad , Umar Widyastuti , Nufus Hayatun , Fadly Shafira Ananda Widya , Syafitri Rina , Zuriat  
Published: November 2024

Abstract
One of the health issues confronting Indonesia, particularly Aceh Province, is infectious disease. A contributing factor to the infection is the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. A frequent species on the beach of South Aceh. Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) Sweet (Convolvulaceae) is considered a possible source of bioactive compounds. The aim of this research is to evaluate I. pes-caprae with S. aureus microorganisms. Disk diffusion agar methods can be used to test antibacterial activity. The positive control in this study was ampicillin, whereas the negative control was aquadest. S. aureus was used to test both the experimental and control groups; the experimental group’s treatments were carried out three times. The biggest inhibitory zone of I. pes-caprae was discovered in ethyl acetate extract with a 100% concentration level (15.8 mm), followed by 80% concentration (12.5 mm), 60% (8.63 mm), 40% (2.3 mm), 20% (0 mm), and 10% concentration (2.2 mm). Also, at 80% concentration (11.4 mm), aqueous extract had a considerable inhibitory effect, whereas methanol extract had no inhibitory activity at any concentration level. It appears that ethyl acetate extract has the greatest ability to combat S. aureus bacteria.
The study of potential bioactive compound of Enhalus acoroides (L.F) royle as antioxidant agent from Pabisi Island, Indonesia
Authors: Gazali Mohamad , Rani Chair , Zuriat  , Umar Widyastuti , Syafitri Rina 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Enhalus acoroides (L.f.), The family Hydrocharitaceae contains the monotypic marine genus Enhalus, Royle, which is widely spread in the intertidal zone of Pabisi Island, Indonesia. The local people have long used E. acoroides for baking and pharmaceutical products. The aim of this study is to identify potential antioxidant compound of E. acoroides from Pabisi Island, Indonesia. The sample of E. acoroides was gathered from Pabisi Island, Indonesia. The research methodologies used in these studies include phytochemical analysis and antioxidant tests. The research result showed the highest yield from n-hexane extracts as much as 1.39%. The lowest yield from ethanol extract as much as 0.470%. The phytochemical study revealed triterpenoid and phenol components. The ethanol extract had an antioxidant activity of 65.40 µmol trolox/g. Furthermore, the ethyl acetate extract yielded 21.41 µmol trolox/g extract, while the n-hexane extract produced 22.11 µmol trolox/g. FRAP analysis shows ethanol extract (679.50 µmol trolox/g extract), ethyl acetate (589.50 µmol trolox/g extract), and n-hexane extract (346.50 µmol trolox/g extract). Thus, the identiWication of bioactive compounds plays a vital function in nature.