bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Providing culturally informed mental health services to Aboriginal youth: The YouthLink model in Western Australia
Authors: Sabbioni Daniela , Feehan Steven , Nicholls Craig , Soong Wei , Rigoli Daniela , Follett Denise , Carastathis Geoff , Gomes Alison , Griffiths Jennifer , Curtis Kerry , Smith Warwick , Waters Flavie 
Published: March 2018

AimAboriginal young people are more likely to experience mental health issues and to access mental health services than other young Australians, yet there are few culturally informed mental health programs and services available. This study describes and documents the effectiveness of the culturally sensitive model within YouthLink, a state‐wide mental health service program in Western Australia for young people aged 13 to 24 years of age.MethodsA mixed‐method design including a descriptive approach reporting on the YouthLink framework and an empirical research design where 40 Aboriginal clients completed client feedback monitoring measures between 2014 and 2016.ResultsThe YouthLink culturally informed conceptual framework adheres to best practice principles relevant to work with Indigenous people, family and communities. Aboriginal young people indicated improvement across the treatment period as shown by within‐group differences between the first and last session scores on feedback measures. Therapeutic alliance (together with lower baseline acuity and female gender) also contributed significantly to positive treatment outcomes.ConclusionsThrough a strong role of Aboriginal practitioners, relationships with Aboriginal communities, and greater service flexibility that embraces cultural meaning and knowledge, YouthLink has sought to enhance its response to the needs of Aboriginal youth.
Potentially traumatic events in youth with and at clinical high risk for psychosis
Authors: Morelli Nicholas , Fogler Jason , Tembulkar Sahil , Graber Kelsey , Lincoln Sarah H. , Bosquet Enlow Michelle , Gonzalez‐Heydrich Joseph , D'Angelo Eugene J. 
Published: March 2018

AimPrevious research has demonstrated a strong association between early trauma exposure and the development of psychotic symptoms. However, few of these studies have included young adolescents and children. This study investigated rates and number of potentially traumatic experiences (PTEs) among typically developing youth (TD; n = 21), youth at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR; n = 38), and youth with a psychotic disorder (PD; n = 28) between 7 and 18 years of age. CHR participants were further evaluated to determine whether a history of PTEs was associated with prodromal symptom severity.MethodsStudy group inclusion was determined by structured interviews. Trauma history was assessed using the post‐traumatic stress disorder module of the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School‐Age Children—Present and Lifetime Version. CHR participants with vs without a history of PTEs were compared on severity of prodromal symptoms.ResultsCHR and PD participants reported significantly higher rates and numbers of PTEs than TD participants. Contrary to expectations and prior research, CHR participants with vs without a history of PTEs did not differ in prodromal symptom severity. Explanations and implications for the findings are discussed.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that the relationship between trauma and the development of psychotic symptoms extends to children and adolescents as young as 7 years of age. This study underscores the importance of screening for trauma exposure among youth seeking treatment for psychotic symptoms.
Comparison of a prepCheck‐supported self‐assessment concept with conventional faculty supervision in a pre‐clinical simulation environment
Authors: Wolgin M. , Grabowski S. , Elhadad S. , Frank W. , Kielbassa A. M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the educational outcome of a digitally based self‐assessment concept (prepCheck; DentsplySirona, Wals, Austria) for pre‐clinical undergraduates in the context of a regular phantom‐laboratory course.Materials and MethodsA sample of 47 third‐year dental students participated in the course. Students were randomly divided into a prepCheck‐supervised (self‐assessment) intervention group (IG; n = 24); conventionally supervised students constituted the control group (CG; n = 23). During the preparation of three‐surface (MOD) classIIamalgam cavities, eachIGparticipant could analyse a superimposed 3D image of his/her preparation against the “master preparation” using the prepCheck software. In theCG, several course instructors performed the evaluations according to pre‐defined assessment criteria. After completing the course, a mandatory (blinded) practical examination was taken by all course participants (bothIGandCGstudents), and this assessment involved the preparation of aMODamalgam cavity. Then, optical impressions by means of aCEREC‐Omnicam were taken to digitalize all examination preparations, followed by surveying and assessing the latter using prepCheck.ResultsThe statistical analysis of the digitalized samples (Mann‐WhitneyUtest) revealed no significant differences between the cavity dimensions achieved in theIGandCG(P = .406). Additionally, the sum score of the degree of conformity with the “master preparation” (maximum permissible 10% of plus or minus deviation) was comparable in both groups (P = .259).ConclusionThe implemented interactive digitally based, self‐assessment learning tool for undergraduates appears to be equivalent to the conventional form of supervision. Therefore, such digital learning tools could significantly address the ever‐increasing student to faculty ratio.
Outcome after high‐dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with aggressive B‐cell non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma
Authors: Kriegsmann Katharina , Rieger Michael , Schwarzbich Mark‐Alexander , Sitter Sören , Kriegsmann Mark , Bruckner Thomas , Hensel Manfred , Ho Anthony Dick , Witzens‐Harig Mathias , Wuchter Patrick 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveFor more than two decades, high‐dose chemotherapy (HDT) and autologous blood stem cell transplantation (ABSCT) were treatment options for patients with aggressive B‐cell non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (B‐NHL). However, the ideal timing and the collective patient benefits are still being debated.MethodWe retrospectively analyzed the data of 163 patients with B‐NHL who received an HDT protocol followed by ABSCT between 2001 and 2007. Patients were analyzed according to the time point of HDT/ABSCT to compare upfront (directly after induction, n = 72, 44%) versus secondary transplantation (at first relapse, n = 91, 56%).ResultsThe overall response rate was 100% and 94% after upfront and secondary HDT/ABSCT, respectively. No significant differences were found for hematopoietic recovery and toxicity profile. The progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) probability were found to be significantly higher in the upfront HDT/ABSCT treatment group (P = .018 and P = .004). In multivariate analysis, upfront HDT/ABSCT and low IPI risk score had a significant beneficial effect on OS (P = .031 and P = .019).ConclusionHDT and ABSCT directly after induction chemotherapy were confirmed to be feasible with high PFS and OS rates. In addition, for patients with relapse after first‐line therapy and consecutively poor prognosis, HDT/ABSCT also offers an effective treatment strategy.
Atypical audiovisual temporal function in autism and schizophrenia: similar phenotype, different cause
Authors: Noel Jean‐Paul , Stevenson Ryan A. , Wallace Mark T. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBinding across sensory modalities yields substantial perceptual benefits, including enhanced speech intelligibility. The coincidence of sensory inputs across time is a fundamental cue for this integration process. Recent work has suggested that individuals with diagnoses of schizophrenia (SZ) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) will characterize auditory and visual events as synchronous over larger temporal disparities than their neurotypical counterparts. Namely, these clinical populations possess an enlarged temporal binding window (TBW). Although patients with SZ and ASD share aspects of their symptomatology, phenotypic similarities may result from distinct etiologies. To examine similarities and variances in audiovisual temporal function in these two populations, individuals diagnosed with ASD (n = 46; controls n = 40) and SZ (n = 16, controls = 16) completed an audiovisual simultaneity judgment task. In addition to standard psychometric analyses, synchrony judgments were assessed using Bayesian causal inference modeling. This approach permits distinguishing between distinct causes of an enlarged TBW: an a priori bias to bind sensory information and poor fidelity in the sensory representation. Findings indicate that both ASD and SZ populations show deficits in multisensory temporal acuity. Importantly, results suggest that while the wider TBWs in ASD most prominently results from atypical priors, the wider TBWs in SZ results from a trend toward changes in prior and weaknesses in the sensory representations. Results are discussed in light of current ASD and SZ theories and highlight that different perceptual training paradigms focused on improving multisensory integration may be most effective in these two clinical populations and emphasize that similar phenotypes may emanate from distinct mechanistic causes.
Synaptic organization of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus
Authors: Bickford Martha E. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA half century after Ray Guillery's classic descriptions of cell types, axon types, and synaptic architecture of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus, the functional organization of this nucleus, as well as all other thalamic nuclei, is still of enormous interest. This review will focus on two classic papers written by Ray Guillery: ‘A study of Golgi preparations from the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the adult cat’, and ‘The organization of synaptic interconnections in the laminae of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat’, as well as the studies that most directly followed from the insights these landmark manuscripts provided. It is hoped that this review will honor Ray Guillery by encouraging further investigations of the synaptic organization of the dorsal thalamus.
A unified hierarchical oscillatory network model of head direction cells, spatially periodic cells, and place cells
Authors: Soman Karthik , Muralidharan Vignesh , Chakravarthy Vaddadi Srinivasa 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSpatial cells in the hippocampal complex play a pivotal role in the navigation of an animal. Exact neural principles behind these spatial cell responses have not been completely unraveled yet. Here we present two models for spatial cells, namely the Velocity Driven Oscillatory Network (VDON) and Locomotor Driven Oscillatory Network. Both models have basically three stages in common such as direction encoding stage, path integration (PI) stage, and a stage of unsupervised learning of PI values. In the first model, the following three stages are implemented: head direction layer, frequency modulation by a layer of oscillatory neurons, and an unsupervised stage that extracts the principal components from the oscillator outputs. In the second model, a refined version of the first model, the stages are extraction of velocity representation from the locomotor input, frequency modulation by a layer of oscillators, and two cascaded unsupervised stages consisting of the lateral anti‐hebbian network. The principal component stage of VDON exhibits grid cell‐like spatially periodic responses including hexagonal firing fields. Locomotor Driven Oscillatory Network shows the emergence of spatially periodic grid cells and periodically active border‐like cells in its lower layer; place cell responses are found in its higher layer. This model shows the inheritance of phase precession from grid cell to place cell in both one‐ and two‐dimensional spaces. It also shows a novel result on the influence of locomotion rhythms on the grid cell activity. The study thus presents a comprehensive, unifying hierarchical model for hippocampal spatial cells.
Metabolic traits predict the effects of warming on phytoplankton competition
Authors: Bestion Elvire , García‐Carreras Bernardo , Schaum Charlotte‐Elisa , Pawar Samraat , Yvon‐Durocher Gabriel 
Published: March 2018

AbstractUnderstanding how changes in temperature affect interspecific competition is critical for predicting changes in ecological communities with global warming. Here, we develop a theoretical model that links interspecific differences in the temperature dependence of resource acquisition and growth to the outcome of pairwise competition in phytoplankton. We parameterised our model with these metabolic traits derived from six species of freshwater phytoplankton and tested its ability to predict the outcome of competition in all pairwise combinations of the species in a factorial experiment, manipulating temperature and nutrient availability. The model correctly predicted the outcome of competition in 72% of the pairwise experiments, with competitive advantage determined by difference in thermal sensitivity of growth rates of the two species. These results demonstrate that metabolic traits play a key role in determining how changes in temperature influence interspecific competition and lay the foundation for mechanistically predicting the effects of warming in complex, multi‐species communities.
Predictive power of food web models based on body size decreases with trophic complexity
Authors: Jonsson Tomas , Kaartinen Riikka , Jonsson Mattias , Bommarco Riccardo 
Published: March 2018

AbstractFood web models parameterised using body size show promise to predict trophic interaction strengths (IS) and abundance dynamics. However, this remains to be rigorously tested in food webs beyond simple trophic modules, where indirect and intraguild interactions could be important and driven by traits other than body size. We systematically varied predator body size, guild composition and richness in microcosm insect webs and compared experimental outcomes with predictions of IS from models with allometrically scaled parameters. Body size was a strong predictor of IS in simple modules (r2 = 0.92), but with increasing complexity the predictive power decreased, with model IS being consistently overestimated. We quantify the strength of observed trophic interaction modifications, partition this into density‐mediated vs. behaviour‐mediated indirect effects and show that model shortcomings in predicting IS is related to the size of behaviour‐mediated effects. Our findings encourage development of dynamical food web models explicitly including and exploring indirect mechanisms.
Drivers of vegetative dormancy across herbaceous perennial plant species
Authors: Shefferson Richard P. , Kull Tiiu , Hutchings Michael J. , Selosse Marc‐André , Jacquemyn Hans , Kellett Kimberly M. , Menges Eric S. , Primack Richard B. , Tuomi Juha , Alahuhta Kirsi , Hurskainen Sonja , Alexander Helen M. , Anderson Derek S. , Brys Rein , Brzosko Emilia , Dostálik Slavomir , Gregg Katharine , Ipser Zdeněk , Jäkäläniemi Anne , Jersáková Jana , Dean Kettle W. , McCormick Melissa K. , Mendoza Ana , Miller Michael T. , Moen Asbjørn , Øien Dag‐Inge , Püttsepp Ülle , Roy Mélanie , Sather Nancy , Sletvold Nina , Štípková Zuzana , Tali Kadri , Warren Robert J. , Whigham Dennis F. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractVegetative dormancy, that is the temporary absence of aboveground growth for ≥ 1 year, is paradoxical, because plants cannot photosynthesise or flower during dormant periods. We test ecological and evolutionary hypotheses for its widespread persistence. We show that dormancy has evolved numerous times. Most species displaying dormancy exhibit life‐history costs of sprouting, and of dormancy. Short‐lived and mycoheterotrophic species have higher proportions of dormant plants than long‐lived species and species with other nutritional modes. Foliage loss is associated with higher future dormancy levels, suggesting that carbon limitation promotes dormancy. Maximum dormancy duration is shorter under higher precipitation and at higher latitudes, the latter suggesting an important role for competition or herbivory. Study length affects estimates of some demographic parameters. Our results identify life historical and environmental drivers of dormancy. We also highlight the evolutionary importance of the little understood costs of sprouting and growth, latitudinal stress gradients and mixed nutritional modes.
Association study of functional polymorphisms of dopaminergic pathway in epilepsy‐related factors of temporal lobe epilepsy in Brazilian population
Authors: Alcantara J. A. , Vincentis S. , Kerr D. S. , dos Santos B. , Alessi R. , van der Linden Jr H. , Chaim T. , Serpa M. H. , Busatto G. F. , Gattaz W. F. , Demarque R. , Valente K. D. 
Published: March 2018

Background and purposeThere are few data about the role of neurotransmission modulated by dopamine in epilepsy, especially temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). This is the first study that aimed to analyze the dopaminergic polymorphisms in an etiologically homogeneous group of patients with TLE with hippocampal sclerosis. Selected polymorphisms were: (i) the most expressed D2‐like receptors in the limbic system (DRD2/ANKK1 TAQ‐1A, D4_VNTR and D4_rs1800955); (ii) the dopamine transporter (DAT) 3′‐untranslated region and intron 8; and (iii) two degrading enzymes regulating the synaptic activity, i.e. the main metabolizer of dopamine, catechol‐O‐methyltransferase, and monoamine oxidase A.MethodsWe assessed 119 patients with unequivocal TLE with hippocampal sclerosis and 112 healthy volunteers. Individuals were genotyped for the polymorphisms of the gene encoding dopaminergic pathway transporter DAT haplotype, dopaminergic receptors, catechol‐O‐methyltransferase and monoamine oxidase A. We also evaluated epilepsy‐related factors (e.g. seizure frequency, age of onset, duration and status epilepticus).ResultsThere was no difference between the groups for the studied polymorphisms. The polymorphism DRD4_VNTR was associated with family history of epilepsy (P = 0.003), DRD2_rs1800497 was related to status epilepticus (P = 0.022), and intron 8 VNTR DAT was related to higher seizure frequency (P = 0.019) and family history of epilepsy (P = 0.011).ConclusionsOur findings demonstrated that polymorphisms of the dopaminergic pathway are associated with significant clinical features of this form of epilepsy, such as seizure frequency, family history of epilepsy and status epilepticus.
Impact of intravenous thrombolysis and emergent carotid stenting on reperfusion and clinical outcomes in patients with acute stroke with tandem lesion treated with thrombectomy: a collaborative pooled analysis
Authors: Gory B. , Haussen D. C. , Piotin M. , Steglich‐Arnholm H. , Holtmannspötter M. , Labreuche J. , Kyheng M. , Taschner C. , Eiden S. , Nogueira R. G. , Papanagiotou P. , Boutchakova M. , Siddiqui A. H. , Lapergue B. , Dorn F. , Cognard C. , Killer M. , Mangiafico S. , Ribo M. , Psychogios M. N. , Spiotta A. M. , Labeyrie M. A. , Biondi A. , Mazighi M. , Turjman F. ,   the Thrombectomy In TANdem lesions (TITAN) investigators
Published: March 2018

Background and purposeTandem anterior circulation lesions in the setting of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) are a complex endovascular situation that has not been specifically addressed in trials. We determined the predictors of successful reperfusion and good clinical outcome at 90 days after mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in patients with AIS with tandem lesions in a pooled collaborative study.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of consecutive patients presenting to 18 comprehensive stroke centers with AIS due to tandem lesion of the anterior circulation who underwent MT.ResultsA total of 395 patients were included. Successful reperfusion (modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction score 2b–3) was achieved in 76.7%. At 90 days, 52.2% achieved a good outcome (modified Rankin Scale score 0–2), 13.8% suffered a parenchymal hematoma and 13.2% were dead. Lower National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score [odds ratio (OR), 1.26; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.07–1.48, P = 0.004], Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score ≥7 (OR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.07–3.43, P = 0.011), intravenous thrombolysis (OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.01–2.12, P = 0.042) and stenting of the extracranial carotid lesion (OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.04–2;53, P = 0.030) were independently associated with successful reperfusion. Lower age (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.26–1.97, P < 0.001), absence of hypercholesterolemia (OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.10–2.84, P = 0.018), lower National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores (OR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.53–2.72, P < 0.001), Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score ≥7 (OR, 2.75; 95% CI, 1.24–6.10, P = 0.013) and proximal middle cerebral artery occlusion (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.03–2.44, P = 0.035) independently predicted a good 90‐day outcome.ConclusionsIntravenous thrombolysis and emergent stenting of the extracranial carotid lesion were predictors of a successful reperfusion after MT of patients with AIS with tandem lesion of the anterior circulation.
A comprehensive approach to identifying repurposed drugs to treat SCN8A epilepsy
Authors: Atkin Talia A. , Maher Chani M. , Gerlach Aaron C. , Gay Bryant C. , Antonio Brett M. , Santos Sonia C. , Padilla Karen M. , Rader JulieAnn , Krafte Douglas S. , Fox Matthew A. , Stewart Gregory R. , Petrovski Slavé , Devinsky Orrin , Might Matthew , Petrou Steven , Goldstein David B. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryObjectiveMany previous studies of drug repurposing have relied on literature review followed by evaluation of a limited number of candidate compounds. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of a more comprehensive approach using high‐throughput screening to identify inhibitors of a gain‐of‐function mutation in the SCN8A gene associated with severe pediatric epilepsy.MethodsWe developed cellular models expressing wild‐type or an R1872Q mutation in the Nav1.6 sodium channel encoded by SCN8A. Voltage clamp experiments in HEK‐293 cells expressing the SCN8A R1872Q mutation demonstrated a leftward shift in sodium channel activation as well as delayed inactivation; both changes are consistent with a gain‐of‐function mutation. We next developed a fluorescence‐based, sodium flux assay and used it to assess an extensive library of approved drugs, including a panel of antiepileptic drugs, for inhibitory activity in the mutated cell line. Lead candidates were evaluated in follow‐on studies to generate concentration‐response curves for inhibiting sodium influx. Select compounds of clinical interest were evaluated by electrophysiology to further characterize drug effects on wild‐type and mutant sodium channel functions.ResultsThe screen identified 90 drugs that significantly inhibited sodium influx in the R1872Q cell line. Four drugs of potential clinical interest—amitriptyline, carvedilol, nilvadipine, and carbamazepine—were further investigated and demonstrated concentration‐dependent inhibition of sodium channel currents.SignificanceA comprehensive drug repurposing screen identified potential new candidates for the treatment of epilepsy caused by the R1872Q mutation in the SCN8A gene.