bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An exploration of Illinois students' attitudes toward science using multivariate multilevel modeling with a cross‐sectional sample of responses from grades 5 through 10
Authors: Summers Ryan , Abd‐El‐Khalick Fouad 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe present study examined students' attitudes toward science and associated constructs, based on the theories of reasoned action and planned behavior, and explored relationships between individual and school‐related variables common to the research literature. Responses from 1,291 students in Grades 5 through 10 were collected using the 30‐item Behaviors, Related Attitudes, and Intentions toward Science (BRAINS) Survey along with background information questions. Additional self‐report data were collected from teachers (n = 56; 82.4%) in participating schools (n = 68) to obtain information about their education and experience, characteristics and practices, as well as other classroom variables, which could influence students' outlook. Student information, teacher data collected, and other data compiled about participating schools, were used to explore patterns in students' attitudes, beliefs, and intentions. These variables were used to generate multivariate multilevel models through a forward construction process. The final model presented favors individual variables to explain differences in students' responses on all five of the BRAINS subscales, more than group‐level variables captured. Of the predictor variables explored, students' perceived science ability and frequency of talk with family were influential on all subscales, and increasing these variables had a positive effect on the estimated mean scores according to the final model presented. Findings from this study also include commonly observed relationships, such as the decline in attitudes over time, but these were found to be less pervasive in this sample. The paper concludes with a discussion about the comparative ineffectiveness of teacher and school‐related variables in explaining students' attitudes toward science in this study, in light of design decisions and limitations, to guide future investigations.
Effect of morphological type of extrauterine ectopic pregnancy on accuracy of preoperative ultrasound diagnosis
Authors: Dooley W. M. , Chaggar P. , De Braud L. V. , Bottomley C. , Jauniaux E. , Jurkovic D. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo assess the overall accuracy of transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) for diagnosis of all types of extrauterine ectopic pregnancy (EUEP) in a large group of women who were managed surgically. We also aimed to assess the positive predictive value (PPV) of TVS for each of the different ultrasound morphological types of EUEP.MethodsThis was a retrospective observational study of all pregnant women who underwent emergency surgery following ultrasound diagnosis of EUEP at a single early pregnancy unit between January 2009 and December 2017. The preoperative TVS findings were recorded, including the exact location and morphological type (Type I–V; defined using ultrasound criteria) of EUEP. TVS findings were compared with operative and histological findings. The performance of ultrasound in diagnosing EUEP overall and according to morphological type was assessed, using visual confirmation of ectopic pregnancy at surgery as the reference standard.ResultsA total of 26 401 women presented with early‐pregnancy complications during the study period, including 1241 (4.7%; 95% CI, 4.5–5.0%) women with a conclusive diagnosis of EUEP on TVS or a presumed diagnosis based on severe pain and significant hemoperitoneum. Surgery was performed in 721/1241 (58.1%; 95% CI, 55.3–60.8%) cases, of which 710 (98.5%; 95% CI, 97.6–99.4%) had a conclusive diagnosis of EUEP on preoperative TVS. The remaining 11 women had severe pain and significant hemoperitoneum and were managed surgically on clinical grounds as an emergency, without an ectopic pregnancy having been identified on ultrasound examination. At laparoscopy, the diagnosis of EUEP was confirmed in 706/710 (99.4%; 95% CI, 98.6–99.8%) women with a positive ultrasound diagnosis and in all 11 women with a presumed ultrasound diagnosis of EUEP. The PPV of preoperative ultrasound for the diagnosis of EUEP was 99.4% (95% CI, 98.6–99.8%) with sensitivity of 98.5% (95% CI, 97.3–99.1%). There was no statistically significant difference in the accuracy of preoperative ultrasound diagnosis between the five morphological types (P = 0.76).ConclusionsThe accuracy of preoperative ultrasound for diagnosis of EUEP is high. The morphological type of EUEP on TVS had no significant effect on the accuracy of preoperative diagnosis. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Predictions of ice formations on wind turbine blades and power production losses due to icing
Authors: Yirtici Ozcan , Ozgen Serkan , Tuncer Ismail H. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPrediction of ice shapes on a wind turbine blade makes it possible to estimate the power production losses due to icing. Ice accretion on wind turbine blades is responsible for a significant increase in aerodynamic drag and decrease in aerodynamic lift and may even cause premature flow separation. All these events create power losses and the amount of power loss depends on the severity of icing and the turbine blade profile. The role of critical parameters such as wind speed, temperature, liquid water content on the ice shape, and size is analyzed using an ice accretion prediction methodology coupled with a blade element momentum tool. The predicted ice shapes on various airfoil profiles are validated against the available experimental and numerical data in the literature. The error in predicted rime and glime ice volumes and the maximum ice thicknesses varies between 3% and 25% in comparison with the experimental data depending on the ice type. The current study presents an efficient and accurate numerical methodology to perform an investigation for ice‐induced power losses under various icing conditions on horizontal axis wind turbines. The novelty of the present work resides in a unified and coupled approach that deals with the ice accretion prediction and performance analysis of iced wind turbines. Sectional ice profiles are first predicted along the blade span, where the concurrence of both rime and glaze ice formations may be observed. The power loss is then evaluated under the varying ice profiles along the blade. It is shown that the tool developed may effectively be used in the prediction of power production losses of wind turbines at representative atmospheric icing conditions.
Inspiratory- and expiratory-gated transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation have different effects on heart rate in healthy subjects: preliminary results
Authors: Paleczny Bartłomiej , Seredyński Rafał , Ponikowska Beata 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Purpose
Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) has been considered for the treatment of sympathetically mediated disorders. However, the optimal mode of stimulation is unknown. This study aimed to compare the cardiovascular effects of respiratory-gated taVNS in healthy subjects.

Methods
The examination included expiratory-gated, inspiratory-gated, and non-respiratory-gated taVNS trials. Subjects were examined twice (the order of expiratory- and inspiratory-gated taVNS was changed). taVNS trials started with controlled breathing without stimulation (pre-stimulatory recording) followed by controlled breathing with taVNS (stimulatory recording). Synchronizing taVNS with the respiratory phase was computer-controlled. Heart rate (HR) was calculated from ECG. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) were recorded continuously and noninvasively. Baroreflex sensitivity based on rising (BRS-UP) or falling SBP sequences (BRS-DOWN) or all sequences (BRS-ALL) and heart rate variability (HRV) were analyzed.

Results
Seventy-two taVNS trials were obtained from 12 subjects (age 23 ± 3 years). Pre-stimulatory HR correlated with change in HR (r = − 0.25) and SVR (r = 0.24, both p < 0.05). There were no differences between three stimulatory conditions in (1) the changes of hemodynamic parameters, (2) BRS-UP and BRS-ALL, or (3) HRV indices (all p > 0.20). However, in the group of high pre-stimulatory HR trials, HR change differed between inspiratory-gated (0.11 ± 0.53%) and both expiratory-gated (− 1.30 ± 0.58%, p = 0.06) and non-respiratory-gated taVNS (− 1.69 ± 0.65, p = 0.02). BRS-DOWN was higher in inspiratory- vs. non-respiratory-gated taVNS (15.4 ± 1.3 vs. 14.1 ± 0.9 ms/mmHg, p = 0.03).

Conclusions
Expiratory-gated and non-respiratory-gated taVNS exert clear cardioinhibitory effects in healthy subjects with high pre-stimulatory HR, whereas inspiratory-gated taVNS does not affect HR. Cardiac and vascular effects of taVNS depend on pre-stimulatory HR.
Preanalytical sample handling recommendations for Alzheimer's disease plasma biomarkers
Authors: Rózga Małgorzata , Bittner Tobias , Batrla Richard , Karl Johann 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntroductionWe examined the influence of common preanalytical factors on the measurement of Alzheimer's disease–specific biomarkers in human plasma.MethodsAmyloid β peptides (Aβ[1‐40], Aβ[1‐42]) and total Tau plasma concentrations were quantified using fully automated Roche Elecsys assays.ResultsAβ(1‐40), Aβ(1‐42), and total Tau plasma concentrations were not affected by up to three freeze/thaw cycles, up to five tube transfers, the collection tube material, or the size; circadian rhythm had a minor effect. All three biomarkers were influenced by the anticoagulant used, particularly total Tau. Aβ concentrations began decreasing 1 hour after blood draw/before centrifugation and decreased by up to 5% and 10% at 2 and 6 hours, respectively. For separated plasma, time to measurement influenced Aβ levels by up to 7% after 6 hours and 10% after 24 hours.DiscussionOur findings provide guidance for standardizing blood sample collection, handling, and storage to ensure reliable analysis of Alzheimer's disease plasma biomarkers in routine practice and clinical trials.
FORCING QUASIRANDOMNESS WITH TRIANGLES
Authors: REIHER CHRISTIAN , SCHACHT MATHIAS 
Published: April 2019

We studyforcing pairsforquasirandom graphs. Chung, Graham, and Wilson initiated the study of families ${\mathcal{F}}$of graphs with the property that if a large graph $G$has approximately homomorphism density$p^{e(F)}$for some fixed$p\in (0,1]$for every$F\in {\mathcal{F}}$, then $G$is quasirandom with density $p$. Such families${\mathcal{F}}$are said to beforcing. Several forcing families were found over the last three decades and characterizing all bipartite graphs $F$such that $(K_{2},F)$is a forcing pair is a well-known open problem in the area of quasirandom graphs, which is closely related to Sidorenko’s conjecture. In fact, most of the known forcing families involve bipartite graphs only.We consider forcing pairs containing the triangle $K_{3}$. In particular, we show that if $(K_{2},F)$is a forcing pair, then so is$(K_{3},F^{\rhd })$, where$F^{\rhd }$is obtained from $F$by replacing every edge of$F$by a triangle (each of which introduces a new vertex). For the proof we first show that $(K_{3},C_{4}^{\rhd })$is a forcing pair, which strengthens related results of Simonovits and Sós and of Conlon et al.
‘Bridges Over Troubled Waters’? The Competitive Symbiosis of Social Democracy and Radical Left in Crisis-Ridden Southern Europe
Authors: Balampanidis Ioannis , Vlastaris Ioannis , Xezonakis George , Karagkiozoglou Magdalini 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDuring the economic crisis, the radical left, especially in countries of the European South, continued its course from marginality to mainstream while social democracy found itself trapped in its previous strategic orientations. This article examines the two political families in a relational and comparative perspective, focusing on the interaction of social democratic and radical left parties that evolved in a series of national cases (Greece, Portugal, Spain and France) and in particular within the political and electoral cycle of 2015–17. The ideological, programmatic and strategic responses of these parties to the critical juncture of the crisis, which mark a convergence or deviation in the paths of the two ‘enemy brothers', shed light on their political and ideological mutations, transformations and/or adaptations.
An unexpected balance between outer Rayleigh streaming sources
Authors: Baltean-Carlès D. , Daru V. , Weisman C. , Tabakova S. , Bailliet H. 
Published: April 2019

Acoustic streaming generated by a plane standing wave between two infinite plates or inside a cylindrical tube is considered, under the isentropic flow assumption. A two-dimensional analysis is performed in the linear case of slow streaming motion, based on analytical formal solutions of separate problems, each associated with a specific source term (Reynolds stress term). In order to obtain these analytical solutions, a necessary geometrical hypothesis is that $(R/L)^{2}\ll 1$, where $R$ and $L$ are the guide half-width (or radius) and length. The effect of the two source terms classically taken into account is quantified in order to derive the dependence of the maximum axial streaming velocity on the axis as a function of the ratio $R/\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}}$, where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}}$ is the acoustic boundary layer thickness. The effect of two other source terms that are usually neglected, is then analysed. It is found that one of these terms can generate a counter-rotating streaming flow. While negligible for very narrow guides, this term can become important for some values of the aspect ratio $L/R$.
PSEUDOFINITE H-STRUCTURES AND GROUPS DEFINABLE IN SUPERSIMPLE H-STRUCTURES
Authors: ZOU TINGXIANG 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this article we explore some properties of H-structures which are introduced in [2]. We describe a construction of H-structures based on one-dimensional asymptotic classes which preserves pseudofiniteness. That is, the H-structures we construct are ultraproducts of finite structures. We also prove that under the assumption that the base theory is supersimple of SU-rank one, there are no new definable groups in H-structures. This improves the corresponding result in [2].
Black on Red: Late-Nineteenth and Early-Twentieth-Century New World Black Interpretative Uses of Native American Political Experience
Authors: Gordon Jane Anna , Lindsay Keisha 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn an effort to address the dearth of literature regarding how African American political theorists have historically interpreted the meaning of Native political experience to make sense of their own, we chart what four influential New World Black writers, from the nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries, say about Native Americans. While there is some diversity among the particular interpretive foci of these historical works, each generally invokes Native Americans as having a shared experience of oppression with Blacks that warrants resistance; being crushed by circumstances in which African-descended people have survived and thrived; exemplifying oppression that has no redemptive power; providing evidence of the ongoing possibility of Black extinction; and as racially inferior to Blacks and thus in need of Black ladies’ supposedly civilizing qualities. This paper uses these historical Africana perspectives on Indigenous and Black relations to explore the political implications of forging individual and shared identities at the intersection of race and gender.
Effect of lifelong carnitine supplementation on plasma and tissue carnitine status, hepatic lipid metabolism and stress signalling pathways and skeletal muscle transcriptome in mice at advanced age
Authors: Cheema Uzman B. , Most Erika , Eder Klaus , Ringseis Robert 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWhile strong evidence from clinical studies suggests beneficial effects of carnitine supplementation on metabolic health, serious safety concerns associated with carnitine supplementation have been raised from studies in mice. Considering that the carnitine doses in these mice studies were up to 100 times higher than those used in clinical studies, the present study aimed to address possible safety concerns associated with long-term supplementation of a carnitine dose used in clinical trials. Two groups of NMRI mice were fed either a control or a carnitine-supplemented diet (1 g/kg diet) from weaning to 19 months of age, and parameters of hepatic lipid metabolism and stress signalling and skeletal muscle gene expression were analysed in the mice at 19 months of age. Concentrations of free carnitine and acetylcarnitine in plasma and tissues were higher in the carnitine than in the control group (P<0·05). Plasma concentrations of free carnitine and acetylcarnitine were higher in mice at adult age (10 and 15 months) than at advanced age (19 months) (P<0·05). Hepatic mRNA and protein levels of genes involved in lipid metabolism and stress signalling and hepatic and plasma lipid concentrations did not differ between the carnitine and the control group. Skeletal muscle transcriptome analysis in 19-month-old mice revealed only a moderate regulation between carnitine and control group. Lifelong carnitine supplementation prevents an age-dependent impairment of plasma carnitine status, but safety concerns associated with long-term supplementation of carnitine at doses used in clinical trials can be considered as unfounded.
Child Abuse, Policy Communities, and Frame Contestation During the Progressive Era
Authors: Szymanski Ann-Marie 
Published: April 2019

Abstract:Why did child abuse become a less significant problem after 1910? This article focuses on frame contestation, and how child-protection organizations gradually lost control of the narrative about fragile families to a competing set of groups—those that emphasized “family saving.” Like many interest groups, the SPCCs developed an “issue frame” in their efforts to publicize their mission, which sought to define a problem (child abuse), attribute blame for that situation (inadequate parents), propose a solution (the removal of children from parents), and encourage others to support their cause. After 1900, however, “family saving” groups identified a problem related to child abuse (fragile families), portrayed poverty as a cause of family instability, and supported policies that sought to preserve families. While advocating for policies that strengthened families, however, they undercut child protectors’ most crucial weapon against child abuse, namely, the removal of affected children from inadequate parents.
“Ravished by Some Moron”: The Eugenic Origins of the Minnesota Psychopathic Personality Act of 1939
Authors: Ladd-Taylor Molly 
Published: April 2019

Abstract:Twenty U.S. states permit the indefinite detention of civilly committed sex offenders after the end of their prison sentences if their dangerousness is due to a “mental abnormality.” This article explores the origins of one such law by examining its predecessor, the Minnesota Psychopathic Personality Act of 1939. Passed in the wake of a panic over sex crimes and upheld by the Supreme Court in 1940, Minnesota’s psychopath statute extended a 1917 eugenics law providing for the compulsory civil commitment and institutionalization of “defectives” to persons alleged to have a psychopathic personality. Analyzing the 1917 and 1939 laws together shows how one state’s psychopath statute had less to do with psychiatric authority than with the legal and administrative framework established by Progressive-era eugenics. From the 1910s until today, dubious claims about the ability of science to identify potential criminals legitimized politically popular, but constitutionally questionable, forms of administrative and social control.
Tracing the Historical DNA and Unlikely Alliances of the American Charter School Movement
Authors: Goodridge Shane 
Published: April 2019

Abstract:More than three million children in the United States are currently enrolled in charter schools, with increasing enrollments despite strong evidence of academic gains. This historical analysis moves beyond a focus on academic outcomes and traces the success of the charter school movement, in part, to the foundational premise of restoring agency to educational stakeholders. State-mandated schooling was a counterintuitive feature of American policy that chafed against the founding ideals of the Republic and gradually engendered resentment among mostly white conservatives. Concurrently, in the aftermath ofBrown,factions of African American policymakers began to look for equitable educational alternatives. The unlikely alliance of these two antithetical constituencies resulted in the creation of a unique—albeit fragile—coalition and the passing of the Milwaukee Parental Choice Program and paved the way for the nation’s inaugural charter school policy passed in Minnesota in 1991.
Coordination, Communication, and Information: How Network Structure and Knowledge Affect Group Behavior
Authors: McCubbins Mathew D. , Weller Nicholas 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCommunication is central to solving coordination problems in politics. In this paper, we show that both the communication network and what people know about the network structure affect coordination. Increases in the number of connections between people make coordination easier and so does increasing the amount of information people have about the structure. We also demonstrate that highly connected nodes in the network can facilitate coordination, but only if individuals have sufficient knowledge to identify the presence of these nodes. Our results suggest the importance of understanding network knowledge and its effects on behavior.
Coethnicity and Corruption: Field Experimental Evidence from Public Officials in Malawi
Authors: Seim Brigitte , Robinson Amanda Lea 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCorruption is widespread in many developing countries, though public officials’ discretion in the solicitation of bribes may expose some citizens to more corruption than others. We derive expectations about how shared ethnicity between government officials and citizens should influence the likelihood of bribe solicitation. We evaluate these expectations through a field experiment in which Malawian confederates seek electricity connections from real government offices – an interaction that is often accompanied by bribe solicitation. Our field experiment exogenously varied coethnicity between the official and the confederate. We find that coethnicity increases the likelihood of expediting an electricity connection, both with and without a bribe, which we interpret as evidence of parochial corruption.