bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploratory comparison of auditory verbal hallucinations and other psychotic symptoms among youth with borderline personality disorder or schizophrenia spectrum disorder
Authors: Cavelti Marialuisa , Thompson Katherine N. , Hulbert Carol , Betts Jennifer , Jackson Henry , Francey Shona , Homan Philipp , Chanen Andrew M. 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveThis study explored phenomenological aspects of auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) and other psychotic symptoms among youth with borderline personality disorder (BPD).MethodsSixty‐eight outpatients, aged 15 to 25 years, were categorized into three groups according to their primary Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM‐5) diagnosis and AVH symptom profile; BPD + AVH (n = 23), schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SZ) + AVH (n = 22) and BPD with no AVH (n = 23).ResultsNo differences in AVH were found between BPD + AVH and SZ + AVH. Compared with SZ + AVH, BPD + AVH scored lower on delusions and difficulty in abstract thinking and higher on hostility. BPD + AVH reported more severe self‐harm, paranoid ideation, dissociation, anxiety and stress than BPD no AVH.ConclusionsThis study replicates, in a sample of youth, the finding from studies of adults that AVH in BPD are indistinguishable from those in SZ, when assessed with the Psychotic Symptom Rating Scales (PSYRATS). Clinicians should specifically enquire about AVH among youth with BPD. When present, AVH appear to be an indicator of a more severe form of BPD.
Reconfiguration of macropore networks in a silty loam soil following biochar addition identified by X‐ray microtomography and network analyses
Authors: Yu Xiuling , Lu Shenggao 
Published: November 2018

Biochars are widely applied to improve soil pore structures. However, the quantitative effects of biochars on soil macropore networks still remain unclear. In this study, the effects and possible mechanism of biochar application on soil macropore networks were investigated quantitatively by industrial X‐ray microtomography (CT), a pore network model and network analyses. Soil cores of 5 cm in diameter and 10 cm in height were collected from a paddy soil (Typic Haplustalf) without biochar application (CK), and amended with rice straw biochar (RSB), corn straw biochar (CSB) and bamboo biochar (BB) at a rate of 25 Mg ha−1 (w/w). Results revealed that the total and connected macroporosity of the biochar‐amended soil was reduced significantly compared with CK, whereas the reverse was true for the isolated porosity. The three types of biochars exhibited different effects on macropores of the soil, depending on their size and shape. The pore network model and network analyses showed that the physical and topological structures of macropore networks in biochar‐amended soil were clearly reconfigured. The accessibility of these macropore networks was markedly reduced. Our results indicated that the incorporation of biochar did not necessarily increase the soil's macroporosity. The combination of pore network model and network analyses was effective for quantifying key properties of soil macropore networks affected by the incorporation of biochar. The changes in these properties may be used to evaluate the effects of biochar on water, air and nutrient transport.Highlights

Effect of biochars on the soil macropore structure was studied by industrial CT.
Macropore network structure was quantified by a pore network model and network analyses.
Biochar incorporation markedly changed the accessibility of the soil macropore network.
The macropore network of soil can be reconfigured following biochar addition.
Long‐term antitumor effect of lenvatinib on unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein invasion
Authors: Takeda Haruhiko , Nishijima Norihiro , Nasu Akihiro , Komekado Hideyuki , Kita Ryuichi , Kimura Toru , Kudo Masatoshi , Osaki Yukio 
Published: November 2018

Lenvatinib is a novel multikinase inhibitor that has recently shown antitumor activity against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a phase III trial. We report the case of a woman in whom lenvatinib showed long‐term antitumor activity, and in whom computed tomography (CT) scans revealed a series of suggestive radiological changes on the intratumor vascularity. A 68‐year‐old woman with hepatitis C virus‐related liver disease presented with multiple HCCs. Following previous therapy, including six sessions of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, we introduced lenvatinib monotherapy. Lenvatinib could rapidly cause hypovascularity in the main hypervascular target lesion, and portal vein tumor thrombosis also became undetectable 11 months after the initiation of lenvatinib. These radiological changes suggested that lenvatinib could exert not only anti‐angiogenic activity but also direct antitumoral effect. Of note, CT scans during lenvatinib treatment revealed the target lesion as a low‐density area in the early arterial phase, whereas scans during drug interruption due to proteinuria showed that the lesion was enhanced in the arterial phase. Finally, near‐complete response could be achieved as the best response. We successfully managed various adverse events including proteinuria and hypertension, and the patient was able to continue this lenvatinib therapy for more than 4 years with well‐controlled general condition. We report the first case of a patient with HCC in whom lenvatinib monotherapy demonstrated long‐term antitumor activity. Suggestive radiological changes reflecting intratumor vascularity as presented here should be considered in patients receiving lenvatinib for HCC.
Proteolytic regulation of the extent of dietary proteins with skin grape proanthocyanidin and anthocyanidin's interactions
Authors: Ben Abdallah Rim , Bautista‐Ortin Ana Belén , Ghazouani Tesnime , Talbi Wafa , Jiménez‐Martinez Maria D. , Gómez‐Plaza Encarna , Fattouch Sami 
Published: November 2018

SummaryDuring technological processing, proanthocyanidins and anthocyanidins could be partly lost due to the complexation phenomena, affecting food and beverage nutritional properties, organoleptic properties and health‐promoting potentials. A common issue is encountered when processing food and beverage which is binding of phenolics to dietary proteins. The present investigation aims at evaluating the proteolysis contribution, using pure protease (Pepsin, 3000 units g−1), to protein–anthocyanidin and protein–proanthocyanidin interactions. Bovine serum albumin (BSA), ovalbumin (OVA) and casein (CAS) dietary protein models were used. High‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detector (HPLC‐DAD) and size exclusion chromatography analyses proved that pepsin treatment significantly (P > 0.05) decreased the ratio of flavonoids’ interaction with tested proteins . The proteolysis reduced anthocyanidin interactions with CAS, OVA and BSA by 64.88%, 57.37% and 42.87% respectively. Similarly, proanthocyanidins interaction with CAS, OVA and BSA were reduced by 34.23%, 13.74% and 2.39% respectively. This study provides the basis to develop innovative technologies to limit protein–flavonoid complexation during food and beverage processing.
Vrille is required for larval moulting and metamorphosis of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Liu X. , Zhang S. , Shen Z. J. , Liu Y. , Li Z. , Liu X. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractVrille (Vri), a basic leucine zipper transcription factor, plays important roles in insect circadian clock regulation, tracheal development, proliferation, flight and metamorphosis. Here, Helicoverpa armigera was used as a model to investigate the role of Vri in larval moulting and metamorphosis. Sequence analysis results revealed that H. armigera Vri (HaVri) shares a high amino acid identity with other Lepidoptera Vri homologues. Spatial–temporal expression pattern data showed that HaVri expression was highly abundant in larval moulting and metamorphosis stages and was mainly expressed in the midgut and Malpighian tubule during metamorphosis. HaVri knockdown by RNA interference in the fourth‐instar larvae prevented larval moulting, and HaVri knockdown in the fifth‐instar larvae suppressed midgut remodelling and delayed or blocked metamorphosis. Further studies confirmed that 20‐hydroxyecdysone (20E) activated HaVri expression via its heterodimer receptors, ecdysone receptor (EcRB1) and ultraspiracle protein (USP1), whereas methoprene [juvenile hormone analogue (JHA)] promoted HaVri expression via its intracellular receptor methoprene‐tolerant (Met1). However, 20E and JHA can counteract each other in the activation of HaVri expression. Together, the present results suggested that HaVri was involved in larval moulting and metamorphosis and was regulated by 20E and JHA in H. armigera.
Camouflage and interception: how pathogens evade detection by intracellular nucleic acid sensors
Authors: Unterholzner Leonie , Almine Jessica F. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryIntracellular DNA and RNA sensors play a vital part in the innate immune response to viruses and other intracellular pathogens, causing the secretion of type I interferons, cytokines and chemokines from infected cells. Pathogen RNA can be detected by retinoic‐acid inducible gene I‐like receptors in the cytosol, whereas cytosolic DNA is recognized by DNA sensors such as cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase (cGAS). The resulting local immune response, which is initiated within hours of infection, is able to eliminate many pathogens before they are able to establish an infection in the host. For this reason, all viruses, and some intracellular bacteria and protozoa, need to evade detection by nucleic acid sensors. Immune evasion strategies include the sequestration and modification of nucleic acids, and the inhibition or degradation of host factors involved in innate immune signalling. Large DNA viruses, such as herpesviruses, often use multiple viral proteins to inhibit signalling cascades at several different points; for instance herpes simplex virus 1 targets both DNA sensors cGAS and interferon‐γ‐inducible protein 16, as well as the adaptor protein STING (stimulator of interferon genes) and other signalling factors in the pathway. Viruses with a small genome encode only a few immunomodulatory proteins, but these are often multifunctional, such as the NS1 protein from influenza A virus, which inhibits RNA sensing in multiple ways. Intracellular bacteria and protozoa can also be detected by nucleic acid sensors. However, as the type I interferon response is not always beneficial for the host under these circumstances, some bacteria subvert, rather than evade, these signalling cascades for their own gain.
Effects of bisphenol A on the development of pigmented organs in the ascidian Phallusia mammillata
Authors: Messinetti Silvia , Mercurio Silvia , Pennati Roberta 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBisphenol A (BPA) is an organic compound that is used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastic and epoxy resins and is increasingly being released into the environment. BPA can act as a teratogenic substance and an endocrine disruptor, raising concerns about its impact on humans and wildlife. Thus, in the present work, we evaluated the effects of different concentrations of BPA on ontogenetic processes in the ascidian Phallusia mammillata. The phylogenetic position of ascidians, their cosmopolitan distribution in marine ecosystems, and multiple technical advantages associated with their biology make ascidians reliable model organisms for ecotoxicology bioassays. Our investigations showed that BPA did not affect the capability of ascidian sperm to fertilize eggs, but it impaired embryonic development and caused a phenotype that was characterized by a short and kinked tail. Larvae developed from BPA‐exposed embryos also presented malformations of pigmented organs such as altered pigment deposition, absence of one or both pigmented organs, and supernumerary organs. The co‐exposure with 4‐hydroxytamoxifen, an estrogen‐related receptor (ERR) inverse agonist, rescued the normal phenotype of pigmented organs, thus supporting the hypothesis that, in ascidians, BPA exerts its teratogenic effects mainly by binding to ERR, as in vertebrate models.
Euroscepticism and the Early Warning System
Authors: Huysmans Martijn 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWith the Treaty of Lisbon, national Parliaments obtained a direct role in the legislative process of the European Union (EU). When the Commission releases a legislative proposal, each national Parliament has eight weeks to issue a Reasoned Opinion stating that the draft violates the EU principle of subsidiarity if they wish to do so. This article provides context on this so‐called Early Warning System (EWS), and then studies empirically when national Parliaments issue Reasoned Opinions under the EWS. A within‐between panel regression covering all 28 EU countries for 2010–16 leads to novel findings on the issuance of Reasoned Opinions. In particular, there is no robust statistical evidence that variations in public attitudinal euroscepticism in a country affect the number of Reasoned Opinions issued by its Parliament. In contrast, electoral euroscepticism as measured by the election of eurosceptic Parliaments is found to have a strongly significant across‐country effect on the number of Reasoned Opinions.
Is there an association between depression and periodontitis? A birth cohort study
Authors: Nascimento Gustavo G. , Gastal Márcia T. , Leite Fábio R. M. , Quevedo Luciana A. , Peres Karen G. , Peres Marco A. , Horta Bernardo L. , Barros Fernando C. , Demarco Flávio F. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimTo investigate the association between depression and periodontitis among adults enrolled in the 1982 Pelotas Birth Cohort, Brazil.Materials and methodsMajor depressive episode (MDE) and severity of depressive symptoms obtained in 2012 were considered the exposure of this study. In 2013, periodontitis, the outcome of interest, was clinically assessed and two different case definitions were used: the CDC/AAP and a combination of clinical attachment loss (CAL) and bleeding on probing (BOP) simultaneously. Serum levels of C‐reactive protein and frequency of dental flossing were defined as mediators while confounders comprised a set of variables collected throughout the life‐course of the participants. The parametric g‐formula was used to test the direct, indirect and total effects of depression on periodontitis.Results539 participants were clinically examined. Individuals with depressive symptoms presented higher risk of periodontitis (risk ratio [RR] 1.19). The presence of depressive symptoms was also associated with moderate/severe periodontitis (total effect RR 1.18). None of the associations was mediated by flossing or C‐reactive protein levels. Finally, neither the presence of depressive symptoms nor the presence of major depression was associated with the combination of CAL+BOP.ConclusionsA positive association between depressive symptoms and periodontitis and moderate/severe periodontitis was found. MDE was not associated with periodontitis.
Studying the effect of Allium sativum and Bunium persicum essential oils on histamine production in Mahyaveh, an Iranian seasoned fish sauce
Authors: Hajimohammadi Bahador , Raeisi Mojtaba , Eftekhar Ebrahim , Mohebat Razieh , Saffari Azadeh 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMahyaveh is a traditional seasoned fish sauce in Iran that its histamine level is above the hazardous limit defined by food safety systems. This study aimed to add Allium sativum (A. sativum) and Bunium persicum (B. persicum) essential oils (EOs) at four concentrations including 0 (control), 0.1, 1, and 2%, as effective antimicrobial agents to monitor changes in the level of histamine at 30, 60, 90, and 120 days. Histamine ELISA Kit was used for histamine determination and mean values of histamine were compared using SPSS. The level of histamine in 0.1% B. persicum, 0.1% A. sativum, and control at day 30 was 8,403.05, 10,596.15, and 16,339.00 mg/kg, respectively. The results show that the level of histamine in all treatments containing A. sativum and B. persicum EOs at all concentration as well as all days was lower than the control group. Additionally, significantly lower level of histamine was observed in all B. persicum treatment group in compare to A. sativum treatment. While sensory evaluation was considered, no significant differences between the control and treatments in overall acceptance scores were seen. This study suggested that A. sativum and B. persicum EOs at 0.1% concentration could be useful strategy to reduce histamine level in the Mahyaveh.Practical applicationsMahyaveh as a fermented fish sauce in Iran has been proved to contain high levels of histamine which is hazardous for public health. It is necessary to reduce the level of histamine. In the present work, we use two different natural products and monitored its effect on histamine content of Mahyaveh for 120 days. Our results indicated that the addition of low concentration of Allium sativum or Bunium persicum essential oils could effectively reduce histamine level in Mahyaveh without affecting sensory acceptance. This could be considered as practical strategy to reduce potential hazards of histamine in Mahyaveh or other fermented fish sauces.
The interobserver agreement of optical features used to differentiate benign from neoplastic biliary lesions assessed at balloon‐assisted cholangioscopy
Authors: Behary Jason , Keegan Mathew , Craig Philip I 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackground and AimBalloon‐assisted cholangioscopy allows mucosal assessment of the biliary tree with pediatric endoscopes. No validated optical criteria exist to differentiate benign from neoplastic biliary lesions. We aimed to identify, validate, and revalidate optical features differentiating benign from neoplastic biliary lesions. Furthermore, we aimed to determine whether cholangioscopic appearance allows endoscopists to accurately differentiate benign from neoplastic biliary lesions.MethodsBaseline: from 44 de‐identified balloon‐assisted cholangioscopy videos, a blinded investigator analyzed potential optical features distinguishing benign from neoplastic biliary lesions. Validation: during the initial “teaching phase,” 20 endoscopists viewed video clips of 11 optical features identified in the baseline study. At the subsequent “test phase,” 20 further video clips were assessed by the endoscopists blinded to clinical details and questionnaires completed for the presence or absence of optical features, favored diagnosis and diagnostic confidence. Revalidation: The six identified optical features from the validation study with at least moderate agreement were revalidated the same way 12 months later assessing 20 new lesions.ResultsBaseline: 11 optical features were found to differentiate benign from neoplastic biliary lesions. Validation and revalidation: six optical features demonstrated at least moderate interobserver agreement (irregular margin, dark mucosa, adherent mucous, papillary projections, tubular, or branched/disorganized surface structures). Endoscopists correctly diagnosed lesions as benign in 89% and neoplastic in 83%. When highly confident, endoscopists correctly diagnosed 96% of benign and 87% neoplastic lesions.ConclusionsSix features were validated and revalidated to differentiate benign from neoplastic biliary lesions. When highly confident with a diagnosis, endoscopists usually differentiate benign from neoplastic biliary lesions.
Comparison of 12‐hour and 24‐hour oximetry recordings in preterm infants
Authors: Wellington Grace , Campbell Angela J , Elder Dawn E 
Published: November 2018

AimTo compare the overnight 12‐hour oximetry component of 24‐hour oximetry recordings with the complete 24‐h recording in terms of cardiorespiratory status data in preterm infants.MethodsPreterm infants from the Wellington neonatal intensive care unit underwent a 24‐h pulse oximetry recording immediately prior to discharge home. Each recording was edited to resemble a 12‐h overnight recording and compared to the full 24‐h recording. Differences in a range of cardiorespiratory variables were assessed as to whether they were statistically significant and, if so, likely to be clinically significant.ResultsThe nadirs for heart rate and SpO2 (both P < 0.001), the time spent <80% SpO2 (P = 0.017) and highest heart rate (P < 0.001) were significantly different between the two recordings. Only the heart rate nadir differed by more than 5%, suggesting that this may be of clinical significance (median (interquartile range) 54 (28–69) for 24‐h recording vs. 78 (54–96) for 12‐h recording).ConclusionThe 24‐h oximetry reports were clinically similar to 12‐h recordings for the majority of variables, and therefore, we suggest that 12‐h oximetry studies are sufficient for determining cardiorespiratory status in infants.
Behavior in dogs with spontaneous hypothyroidism during treatment with levothyroxine
Authors: Hrovat Alenka , De Keuster Tiny , Kooistra Hans S. , Duchateau Luc , Oyama Mark A. , Peremans Kathelijne , Daminet Sylvie 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundThyroid hormone supplementation anecdotally has been described as a valid treatment option for dogs with aggression‐related problems. However, prospective, controlled, and blinded trials evaluating behavior and neurohormonal status in hypothyroid dogs during treatment with levothyroxine are lacking.ObjectiveLevothyroxine supplementation will have a significant influence on the behavior and neurohormonal status of dogs with spontaneous hypothyroidism.AnimalsTwenty client‐owned dogs diagnosed with spontaneous hypothyroidism.MethodsThis prospective study was to evaluate the behavior of dogs, which was screened at initial presentation, and after 6 weeks, and 6 months of treatment with levothyroxine (starting dosage 10 μg/kg PO q12h) using the standardized Canine Behavioral Assessment and Research Questionnaire (C‐BARQ). At each time period, circulating serotonin and prolactin (PRL) concentrations were evaluated using a commercially validated ELISA kit and heterologous radioimmunoassay, respectively.ResultsAfter 6 weeks of thyroid hormone supplementation, C‐BARQ scores demonstrated a significant increase in activity of hypothyroid dogs (P < .01). No significant change in any of the behavioral signs was observed after 6 months of treatment. No significant difference in circulating concentrations of serotonin (P > .99 and P = .46) and PRL (P = .99 and P = .37) were noted between the 6‐week and 6‐month periods compared with baseline.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe results of this study indicate increased activity of hypothyroid dogs after 6 weeks of thyroid hormone supplementation. None of the hypothyroid dogs in this cohort showed a significant change in any of the evaluated behavioral signs and neurohormonal status after 6 months of thyroid hormone supplementation.