bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Four-Dimensional Education for Sustainable Societies
Authors: Fadel Charles , Groff Jennifer S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe rate of change in our lives today has pushed us to evolve and adapt our daily practices so quickly, that if one does not pause to reflect on them it is easy to overlook just how much our world has changed. The past 50, 20, and even just the past 10 years has produced deep and profound changes in our world. Just 20 years ago, many educational systems were under intense scrutiny for not being effective and/or equitable for all learners. Many educational systems were not up to par—and to think, that was before these global dramatic shifts. The call and demand for radically improved, but more poignantly, refocused educational systems have never been higher. What does it mean to prepare young learners for a life in today’s world? What do they need? What do we value? How can we deliver that? These are complex yet critically important questions to the future of education. Today, each of us faces a highly complex, rapidly changing world that affects our lives at a local level. The way we communicate, do business, even interface with our doctors and government officials is altering. Entire industries are deeply impacted by new technologies that continue to arrive at a rapidly increasing pace, with once long-held traditional job skills being phased out—leaving a growing generation of people to ask how they are to make a living.
Appropriateness of Subadventitial Resection for Invasion of the Carotid Artery by Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Moritani Sueyoshi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundSelection of surgical treatment for patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) that includes great vessel invasion is challenging. We investigated the efficacy of tumor excision, with regard to safety of the surgical procedure and prognosis among patients with PTC invasion of the carotid or vertebral artery.MethodsThis study is a retrospective review of patients who underwent surgical excision for PTC at our institution, between 1981 and 2010, with 49 patients treated for carotid artery invasion and nine for vertebral artery invasion.ResultsTwenty patients with carotid artery invasion receiving initial treatment underwent subadventitial resection. Among 29 relapsing patients with carotid artery invasion, subadventitial resection was performed in 27 and en‐block resection and reconstruction in the other two. In patients with carotid artery invasion, locoregional recurrence was identified in 14 patients, with the recurrence specific to the carotid artery in one case and distant recurrence in 15. The 10‐year disease‐specific survival rate was shorter among relapsing patients (21.7%) than among those receiving an initial treatment (69.3%). At 8 years after surgery, however, the survival rates were comparable between the two groups. Of the nine patients with vertebral artery invasion, two received initial treatment, with either preservation or reconstruction of the vertebral artery. The other six cases were tumor recurrences, treated by tumor and vertebral artery resection. Vertebral artery invasion was associated with carotid artery invasion in five patients and subclavian artery invasion in four.ConclusionsCarotid artery invasion by PTC did not extend beyond the adventitia of the artery in the majority of patients. Most patients with vertebral artery invasion required tumor excision with vertebral artery resection.
The effect of three exercise approaches on health-related quality of life, and factors associated with its improvement in chronic whiplash-associated disorders: analysis of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Landén Ludvigsson Maria , Peterson Gunnel , Peolsson Anneli 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Purpose
The aim was to evaluate whether neck-specific exercise, with (NSEB) or without (NSE) a behavioural approach, improves health-related quality of life (HRQoL) compared to physical activity prescription (PPA) in chronic whiplash-associated disorders (WAD) grades 2 and 3. A secondary aim was to identify factors associated with HRQoL and HRQoL improvement following exercise interventions.

Methods
This is a secondary analysis of a multicentre randomized clinical trial. Participants (n = 216) with chronic WAD grades 2 and 3 were randomized to 12 weeks of PPA or physiotherapist-led NSE or NSEB. The EQ-5D 3L/EQ-VAS and SF-36v2 physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) component summaries were collected together with several neck-related and psychosocial outcomes at baseline, after 3, 6 and 12 months, and were analysed with linear mixed models (all time points) and multivariate linear regressions (baseline, 6 months).

Results
NSE/NSEB resulted in better outcomes than PPA (EQ-VAS and SF-36 PCS, both groups, p < 0.01) but not in a higher EQ-5D score. Improvement over time was seen in EQ-5D/EQ-VAS for the NSEB group (p < 0.01), and for NSE/NSEB as measured with the PCS (p < 0.01). Factors associated with baseline HRQoL and change to 6 months in HRQoL (R2 = 0.38–0.59) were both neck-related and psychosocial (e.g. depression, work ability).

Conclusion
Neck-specific exercise, particularly with a behavioural approach, may have a more positive impact on HRQoL than physical activity prescription in chronic WAD grades 2 and 3. HRQoL is however complex, and other factors also need to be considered. Factors associated with HRQL and improvements in HRQoL following exercise are multidimensional.
Trial registration number: ClinicalTrials.gov, No. NCT01528579.
On ramped vanes to control normal shock boundary layer interactions
Authors: Lee S. , Loth E. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTA novel vortex generator design positioned upstream of a normal shock followed by a subsequent diffuser was investigated using large eddy simulations. In particular, “ramped-vane” flow control devices with three different heights relative to the incoming boundary layer thickness (0.34δ, 0.52δ and 0·75δ) were placed in a supersonic boundary layer with a freestream Mach number of 1.3 and a Reynolds number of 2400 based on the momentum thickness. This is the first numerical study to investigate the size effect of the ramped-vane for flow control device in terms of shape factor, flow separation and flow unsteadiness. The results showed that these devices generated strong streamwise vortices that entrained high-momentum fluid to the near-wall region and increased turbulent mixing. The devices also decreased shock-induced flow separation, which resulted in a higher downstream skin friction in the diffuser. In general, the largest ramped-vane (0.75δ) produced the largest reductions in flow separation, shape factor and overall unsteadiness. These results and a careful review of the literature study also determined the quantitative correlation of optimum VG height with Mach number, wherebyh/δ~1 is often optimum for incompressible flows while higher Mach numbers lead to small optimum heights, tending towards h/δ~0.45 atM=2.5.
Enhancing Reporting of After Action Reviews of Public Health Emergencies to Strengthen Preparedness: A Literature Review and Methodology Appraisal
Authors: Davies Robert , Vaughan Elly , Fraser Graham , Cook Robert , Ciotti Massimo , Suk Jonathan E. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis literature review aimed to identify the range of methods used in after action reviews (AARs) of public health emergencies and to develop appraisal tools to compare methodological reporting and validity standards.MethodsA review of biomedical and gray literature identified key approaches from AAR methodological research, real-world AARs, and AAR reporting templates. We developed a 50-item tool to systematically document AAR methodological reporting and a linked 11-item summary tool to document validity. Both tools were used sequentially to appraise the literature included in this study.ResultsThis review included 24 highly diverse papers, reflecting the lack of a standardized approach. We observed significant divergence between the standards described in AAR and qualitative research literature, and real-world AAR practice. The lack of reporting of basic methods to ensure validity increases doubt about the methodological basis of an individual AAR and the validity of its conclusions.ConclusionsThe main limitations in current AAR methodology and reporting standards may be addressed through our 11 validity-enhancing recommendations. A minimum reporting standard for AARs could help ensure that findings are valid and clear for others to learn from. A registry of AARs, based on a common reporting structure, may further facilitate shared learning. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:618-625)
Are the Supporters of Populist Parties Loyal Voters? Dissatisfaction and Stable Voting for Populist Parties
Authors: Voogd Remko , Dassonneville Ruth 
Published: September 2018

AbstractScholars of electoral behaviour regularly link political dissatisfaction to two types of behaviour: voting for populist parties and unstable voting behaviour. It is therefore not surprising that the electorates of populist parties are generally assumed to be rather volatile. In this article, we argue that this is not necessarily the case – in particular in a context of increasingly strong and viable populist parties. We make use of data from the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems project to show that voters for populist parties are neither more nor less volatile than voters for mainstream parties. Political dissatisfaction among voters for populist parties even increases the likelihood of stable voting for populist parties. The supply of populist parties further conditions the stability of the populist vote, as voters in systems with established populist parties are more likely to vote stably for populist parties. Finally, we find that in a context of strong and stable populist parties, the effect of political satisfaction on vote switching is somewhat reduced.
Rethinking femininity in organisations: Experimental insights into team composition
Authors: Busse Ronald 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRole incongruity, sex role stereotypes and candidate selection procedures which oversatisfy masculine role expectations evoke an underrepresentation of femininity in organisations. The author seeks to remedy this bad state of affairs. This study is designed based on an experiment with 288 young executives simulating self-organised work groups and manipulated the degree of gender-related (not sex-related) heterogeneity. Results generally show a curvilinear relationship with an upright U-shaped format between heterogeneity and performance, team identity and intrateam communication. The major contribution in specific is that highly homogeneous teams outperform other team types in the short run, whereas highly heterogeneous teams succeed in the long run. Consequently, this work recommends ‘femininity enrichment’ in firms and discusses manageable practical advice to do so. As for the laboratory character, findings and implications for practicing managers have to be treated with caution. Finally, the most promising avenues for further research are illuminated.
The pattern of symptom change during prolonged exposure therapy and present-centered therapy for PTSD in active duty military personnel
Authors: Brown Lily A. , Clapp Joshua D. , Kemp Joshua J. , Yarvis Jeffrey S. , Dondanville Katherine A. , Litz Brett T. , Mintz Jim , Roache John D. , Young-McCaughan Stacey , Peterson Alan L. , Foa Edna B. ,   For the STRONG STAR Consortium
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundFew studies have investigated the patterns of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom change in prolonged exposure (PE) therapy. In this study, we aimed to understand the patterns of PTSD symptom change in both PE and present-centered therapy (PCT).MethodsParticipants were active duty military personnel (N = 326, 89.3% male, 61.2% white, 32.5 years old) randomized to spaced-PE (S-PE; 10 sessions over 8 weeks), PCT (10 sessions over 8 weeks), or massed-PE (M-PE; 10 sessions over 2 weeks). Using latent profile analysis, we determined the optimal number of PTSD symptom change classes over time and analyzed whether baseline and follow-up variables were associated with class membership.ResultsFive classes, namely rapid responder (7–17%), steep linear responder (14–22%), gradual responder (30–34%), non-responder (27–33%), and symptom exacerbation (7–13%) classes, characterized each treatment. No baseline clinical characteristics predicted class membership for S-PE and M-PE; in PCT, more negative baseline trauma cognitions predicted membership in the non-responder v. gradual responder class. Class membership was robustly associated with PTSD, trauma cognitions, and depression up to 6 months after treatment for both S-PE and M-PE but not for PCT.ConclusionsDistinct profiles of treatment response emerged that were similar across interventions. By and large, no baseline variables predicted responder class. Responder status was a strong predictor of future symptom severity for PE, whereas response to PCT was not as strongly associated with future symptoms.
The Soviet Economic Challenge
Authors: Greene James 
Published: September 2018

The speed with which economics has sped to the front of the Cold War over the past four years has caught the West-used to diplomatic maneuvering and “little wars”-off guard. We have, as yet, no adequate answer to what may well prove to be Communism's most devastating weapon-a Soviet economy producing at a greater per capita rate than the United States. No nation of free men ever rallied round a column of statistics, and yet, clearly, that is where the current battle between East and West has moved.The change, it now seems, was inevitable. When they continue for any period of time, “total” wars, both hot and cold, slip more and more from the grasp of those charged with diplomacy and come to rest upon the impersonal powers of clashing armies, armies either on the battlefields or in the factories.
The Political Challenge
Authors: Harrington Michael 
Published: September 2018

During the campaign, John F. Kennedy directed a sharp attack on the foreign policy of the Eisenhower Administration. In listing the particulars of his indictment—that Cuba was leaning toward the Communist camp, that Chana and Guinea also were moving into the Soviet orbit, that Mr. Eisenhower's proposed visit to Japan was a debacle—the Democratic nominee was specific and forceful.And yet, in so far as he sketched his own foreign policy views in the campaign, John F. Kennedy did not propose any basic, sweeping changes. In every speech, his major “positive” proposal involved strengthening our armaments position.
The Churches And The World Crisis
Authors: Weigel Gustave 
Published: September 2018

One does not have to be a political scientist to realize that the international situation has gotten steadily worse in the last fifty years. In the first years of this century, world power was in the hands of a few European nations. The general pattern of international society was kept stable through the British policy of balancing the powers. The wide world was under the control of the four or five great nations. The natives of controlled lands might be restless but there was really nothing which they could do about their fates.It is useless and childish to refuse to see what has now happened. It is a poor consolation to say that we have avoided open war The Communists are doing very well without it, and the West is losing as effectively as if it had lost a series of battles. For Communist purposes Cold War is more effective than hot war could ever be, and if hot war is necessary they are resolutely ready for the plunge. They have the initiative everywhere and the West can only devise hurried defenses against the latest Communist objective.
America: Its Purpose and its Power
Authors: Morgenthau Hans J. 
Published: September 2018

The supranational ordering of atomic power is the indispensable precondition for survival, but it tells us nothing about the purpose for which we want to survive. And while this problem has been the object of protracted negotiations, the United States, as the leading nation of the non-Communist world, was called upon to act as though that problem were on the way to solution, as though mankind and, more particularly, Western civilization would survive, and to fashion out of its power and leadership a common purpose for the whole non-Communist world.The United States was expected to use its predominant power on behalf of the purpose that would be not only its own but also one in which the non- Communist world could recognize its distinct character and in whose achievement it could experience a common destiny.
Failures in Foreign Policy
Authors: Buehrig Edward H. 
Published: September 2018

Though we have been on the winning side of the two major wars of this century, American diplomacy has not been equally clear-cut in its results. Dealing as it does with the imponderables of history, it is in the nature of diplomacy to be blurred both in its successes and failures. Yet the frustration that we have known cannot be dismissed merely on the ground that one must allow for a margin of error and hope for the best.American policy between the wars was a fiasco of monumental proportions. That the failure was one of omission rather than commission in no way exonerates us from a measure of responsibility for the outbreak of the second World War. We reaped the consequences of our own folly. Mr. Buehrig is professor of government at Indiana University.
After the Crisis
Authors: Smith Maynard 
Published: September 2018

Whatever the final outcome of the Cuban confrontation, it cannot be doubted that the decisive action taken by the United States has scuttled, for the present at least, the Soviet Union's offensive military base in the Western hemisphere. That it has not settled the “Cuban problem” is, in terms of the intent of the recent action, true but irrelevant. It was not designed to settle the problem of Cuba but to eliminate the menacing military presence of the Soviet Union in Cuba.The decision to check this dramatic extension of Soviet military capability met with substantial popular approval, however varied and incompatible the reasons, however strange the bedfellows.
Peaceful Coexistence: From Panch Shila to Fulbright
Authors: Power Paul F. 
Published: September 2018

When Senator J. William Fulbright recently called for an an end to certain myths in American foreign policy he provoked, not unexpectedly, a debate over basic issues. Some of these are issues that Prime Minister Nehru grappled with in his long political career, issues that are neatly summed up in the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence found in the preamble of the Sino-Indian Agreement on Tibet, signed April 29, 1954.Although the Tibetan treaty expired in 1962, the norms in the preamble continue to play a vital role in world affairs.
Vietnam: The Basic Question
Authors: Forest James H. 
Published: September 2018

The most basic question raised by the war in Vietnam is not one of tactics but of war itself. Our problem is not whether to use gas, napalm, phosphorous or defoliants—nor even whether torture should be permitted: it is quite simply whether we should be resorting to arms at all.I am well aware this question is not new, especially within the religious communities. With a few alterations here and there, the exchange in ancient Rome between Celsus and Origen (debating whether Cliristians should serve in the army) would be considered timely in any contemporary journal.
Intervention: The Responsibility of Power
Authors: Thompson Robert G. K. 
Published: September 2018

I will not here discuss whether it is right or wrong for a country to intervene in the affairs of other states. I will assume that great powers will interfere with small powers and consider, rather, how the great power should exercise its responsibilities.We must begin by recognizing two major difficulties that face a great power. The first is that many of the problems—in fact most of the problems—which it faces in dealing with small countries are immune to power. This applies particularly to a Communist insurgency, which is designed to be immune to the application of power. It also applies, of course, to intervention which is perfectly respectable and normal, such as the giving of aid. In the case of aid, many of the problems are impervious to power in its broadest sense, that is, to resources, material, money, and so on.
The Latin American Church Today: North American Perceptions
Authors: Colonnese Louis M. 
Published: September 2018

The Latin American Church has succeeded in formulating valid theological perceptions and pastoral initiatives based upon its reality. It has also forged terms which accurately express newly formulated concepts of Latin America's self-understanding, self-identity and world role within the context of man's salvific quest. These terms adequately describe the Latin American reality and are clearly understood in the milieu to which they pertain. However, they have not gained currency in the glossary of inter-American dialogue and sometimes create confusion rather than clarity in the minds of North Americans who are unfamiliar with their true meaning.The Latin American Church speaks to us of the legitimate aspirations of its people for liberation and the term conjures up threatening images of rebellion, anarchy and chaos in the North American subconscious. The Latin American Church speaks of communitarianism and North Americans subconsciously envision some menacing form of welfare state which threatens our national deification of the work-and prosper Protestant ethic. The Latin American Church speaks of educational philosophy or Conscientization and North Americans subconsciously equate this with some devious form of brain-washing.
The State of the Middle East, and the State of Middle East Studies
Authors: AlRoy Gil Carl 
Published: September 2018

The well-informed, frequently puzzled by foreign affairs, are sometimes even mystified by problems of the Middle East, an area of unusual volatility, controversy, and seeming unpredictability. Yet that area need not be less knowable than other regions. Actually, the Middle East may well prove to be more intelligible and predictable than most regions.There are, I admit, some genuinely puzzling s pects to the Middle East—one is the military ascendancy of a small and reputedly unmarital people over vast masses of war like people. But after several decades of unremitting hostility to Jewish political assertiveness in the Middle East, it is surely a suspension of rationality to suppose—as most of us seem to—that the atmosphere can be cleared by some semantic formulation.
China in our Mind's Geography
Authors: Pfaff William 
Published: September 2018

There are hatreds which are devoted to real things and people, and there is a hatred which displaces inner violence onto any accessible external object. The deepest causes for hate are racial, fraternal, communal. No trip by Henry Kissinger will mend the savagery of Moslem Pakistani toward Bengali Hindu or solve the fixed enmities of Ulster, for such wars are merciless and personally felt, "popular" in the most terrifying significance of that word.America's turbulent relationship with China, and the Kissinger expedition, cannot be understood in terms of such hatred. Yet one does find in American feelings toward China a violent and unstable emotion that cannot be accounted for in a relationship based solely on rational calculations of interest and advantage.