bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retaining nurses in a changing health care environment: The role of job embeddedness and self-efficacy
Authors: Vardaman James M. , Rogers Bryan L. , Marler Laura E. 
Published: April 2018

Background:
Because nurses are on the front lines of care delivery, they are subject to frequent changes to their work practices. This change-laden environment puts nurses at higher risk for turnover. Given the frequent disruption to the way nurses perform their jobs, change-related self-efficacy (CSE), or confidence that one can handle change, may be vital to their retention.

Purpose:
The purpose of this article is to examine the roles of CSE and job embeddedness in reducing turnover intentions among nurses. Specifically, this article tests a model in which CSE is the intervening mechanism through which job embeddedness influences turnover intentions.

Methods:
Drawing on a sample of 207 nurses working in the medical/surgical unit of a major metropolitan hospital in the United States, this study employs OLS regression to test for direct effects of job embeddedness and CSE on turnover intentions and bias-corrected bootstrapping to test for the indirect effects of job embeddedness on turnover intentions through CSE.

Findings:
Results show that CSE is directly linked to turnover intentions, and the effects of job embeddedness on turnover intentions become fully manifest through CSE.

Practice Implications:
Improved nurse retention may lead to stable patient care and less disruption in service delivery. Improved retention also benefits health care organizations financially, as costs of replacing a nurse can exceed 100% of the salary for the position. Given the shortage of nurses in some geographic areas, retention remains an important goal.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN GENOTYPE AND DISEASE PROGRESSION IN ITALIAN STARGARDT PATIENTS
Authors: Di Iorio Valentina , Orrico Ada , Esposito Gabriella , Melillo Paolo , Rossi Settimio , Sbordone Sandro , Auricchio Alberto , Testa Francesco , Simonelli Francesca 
Published: April 2018

Purpose:
To investigate the natural history of Stargardt disease over a multiyear follow-up.

Methods:
We reviewed medical records of Stargardt disease patients, with clinical diagnosis of Stargardt disease at a single institution, which was also supported by molecular diagnosis. All patients underwent best-corrected visual acuity, fundus photography, optical coherence tomography, and full-field electroretinography.

Results:
The study cohort consisted of 157 Stargardt disease patients aged 30.4 ± 1.1 years. Longitudinal analysis (mean follow-up: 3 years) showed a significant worsening of best-corrected visual acuity at an average rate of 1.5 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters/year (P < 0.001), an enlargement of retinal pigment epithelium lesion area by optical coherence tomography at an average linear rate of 0.10 mm2/year (P < 0.001), and a thinning of central macular thickness at a mean rate of −1.42 μm/year (P < 0.001). Survival analysis showed that patients with 2 alleles harboring likely-null variants, on average, reached most severe disease stage, i.e., legal blindness, alteration in both dark-adapted and light-adapted electroretinographic responses, and retinal pigment epithelium lesion area larger than 2.5 mm2 significantly earlier than patients with at least one allele harboring a missense variant.

Conclusion:
The current longitudinal study showed a significant genotype–phenotype correlation characterization, because patients harboring 2 likely-null alleles reach a severe disease stage about 10 years earlier than patients with at least one missense allele.
MULTILEVEL ISCHEMIA IN DISORGANIZATION OF THE RETINAL INNER LAYERS ON PROJECTION-RESOLVED OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY
Authors: Onishi Alex C. , Ashraf Mohammed , Soetikno Brian T. , Fawzi Amani A. 
Published: April 2018

Purpose:
To examine the relationship between ischemia and disorganization of the retinal inner layers (DRIL).

Methods:
Cross-sectional retrospective study of 20 patients (22 eyes) with diabetic retinopathy presenting to a tertiary academic referral center, who had DRIL on structural optical coherence tomography (OCT) using Spectralis HRA + OCT (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) and OCT angiography with XR Avanti (Optovue Inc, Fremont, CA) on the same day. Optical coherence tomography angiography images were further processed to remove flow signal projection artifacts using a software algorithm adapted from recent studies. Retinal capillary perfusion in the superficial capillary plexuses, middle capillary plexuses, and deep capillary plexuses, as well as integrity of the photoreceptor lines on OCT was compared in areas with DRIL to control areas without DRIL in the same eye.

Results:
Qualitative assessment of projection-resolved OCT angiography of eyes with DRIL on structural OCT demonstrated significant perfusion deficits compared with adjacent control areas (P < 0.001). Most lesions (85.7%) showed superimposed superficial capillary plexus and/or middle capillary plexus nonperfusion in addition to deep capillary plexus nonflow. Areas of DRIL were significantly associated with photoreceptor disruption (P = 0.035) compared with adjacent DRIL-free areas.

Conclusion:
We found that DRIL is associated with multilevel retinal capillary nonperfusion, suggesting an important role for ischemia in this OCT phenotype.
Barriers to Rehabilitation Care in Pediatric Cochlear Implant Recipients
Authors: Noblitt Bryce , Alfonso Kristan P. , Adkins Margaret , Bush Matthew L. 
Published: April 2018

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to assess barriers to rehabilitation care for pediatric cochlear implant (CI) recipients.

Study Design:
Cross-sectional questionnaire study.

Setting:
Tertiary medical center.

Patients:
Parents of children who received a CI from October 1996 to June 2013.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Factors related to access to and barriers in audiology and speech therapy services, factors related to CI use, and performance with CI using the Parents’ Evaluation of Aural/Oral Performance of Children (PEACH).

Results:
Thirty-five parents participated in the study (21 rural residents and 14 urban residents). Distance was a significant barrier to audiology services for rural participants compared with urban participants (p = 0.01). Consistent CI use was complicated by mechanical complications or malfunction in 70% of rural children compared with 33% of urban children (p = 0.05). Only 10% of rural children were able to access speech therapy services at diagnosis compared with 42% of urban children (p = 0.04). Low socioeconomic (SES) status and Medicaid insurance were associated with a lack of local speech therapists and medical/mechanical CI complications. Higher parental educational attainment was associated with higher PEACH scores in quiet conditions compared with families with lower parental education (p = 0.04).

Conclusions:
Rural children are often delayed in receipt of CI rehabilitation services. Multiple barriers including low SES, insurance type, and parental education can affect utilization of these services and may impact the recipient language development. Close follow-up and efforts to expand access to care are needed to maximize CI benefit.
Improved Speech Perception in Cochlear Implant Users With Interleaved High-Rate Pulse Trains
Authors: Runge Christina L. , Du Fang , Hu Yi 
Published: April 2018

Objective:
Electrical stimulation with a cochlear implant (CI) elicits abnormally high neural synchrony, which poses significant challenges for speech perception. Previous investigations showed that constant-amplitude high-rate pulse trains (HRPs) desynchronize neural responses and improve stimulus encoding. The study objective was to investigate the effects of HRP on speech perception in adult CI users.

Study Design:
Prospective, within-subject design.

Setting:
Tertiary CI center.

Patients:
Ten adult CI recipients.

Intervention:
Sentence stimuli were created by modifying a basic continuous interleaved sampling (CIS) strategy (1,000 pulses per second; pps) with interleaved biphasic pulse trains (3,000 pps) on even electrodes. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers sentences in quiet and in noise were tested without HRP, and with HRPs of various stimulation levels.

Main Outcome Measure:
Sentence perception in percent correct was calculated for all conditions. The highest speech perception score with HRP stimulation was defined as “max-HRP.”

Results:
Group analyses showed significantly improved sentence perception in background noise with HRPs (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference for sentence perception in quiet for the group. However, seven of 10 subjects experienced some benefit from HRP stimuli in quiet and the degree of HRP benefit showed significant relationships with baseline performance and age at implantation, indicating that HRP stimuli may be most beneficial for older patients or poorer performers.

Conclusions:
Significant improvement in speech perception in noise was observed with HRP stimuli. Some recipients may also benefit from HRP stimulation in quiet. Interleaved HRPs hold promise as a novel stimulation paradigm with clinical sound processing strategies to improve patient performance.
Range of Peak Head Velocity in Video Head Impulse Testing for Pediatric Patients
Authors: Zhou Guangwei , Goutos Cassandra , Lipson Sophie , Brodsky Jacob 
Published: April 2018

Objective:
To examine peak head velocity in video head impulse testing of pediatric patients and its effect on vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) gain.

Study Design:
Retrospective case review.

Setting:
Tertiary referral center.

Patients:
Pediatric patients ages 3 to 18 years old who underwent video head impulse testing during clinical evaluation of dizziness and/or imbalance.

Intervention(s):
Conducted video head impulse test (vHIT) in horizontal, left anterior–right posterior (LARP), and right anterior–left posterior (RALP) planes.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Peak head velocity and mean VOR gain for individual semicircular canals in different age groups.

Results:
For the horizontal plane, vHIT peak head velocity greater than 150 degrees/s was achieved in 43 to 63% of 219 patients. In contrast, vHIT peak head velocity greater than 150 degrees/s was achieved in only 3 to 14% for the LARP and RALP planes. Analyses of differences in mean VOR gains among three ranges of peak head velocity (100–125 degrees/s, 126–150 degrees/s, and >150 degrees/s) by paired-t tests were not significant (p > 0.05) within individual patients. Mean VOR gains of three vertical canals in younger patients were significantly lower with higher peak head velocities compared with older children (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:
Peak head velocities of greater than 150 degrees/s may not be feasible in a large proportion of children and adolescents, especially in LARP and RALP planes. However, such high velocities may not be necessary in the pediatric population since VOR gain values obtained at lower peak head velocities of 100 to 150 degrees/s were found to be comparable to those observed at higher velocities.
Split-dose bowel cleansing with picosulphate is safe and better tolerated than 2-l polyethylene glycol solution
Authors: Mathus-Vliegen Elisabeth M.H. , van der Vliet Karin , Wignand-van der Storm Inge J. , Stadwijk John S. 
Published: April 2018

Background
In physically less fit patients and patients requiring repeated exams, adequate bowel preparation for colonoscopy remains problematic, particularly because patients need to drink large volumes of unpleasant-tasting fluids. A further concern is potential unwarranted fluid shifts.

Aims
This study aimed to compare the safety and burden of a small-volume sodium picosulphate/magnesium citrate preparation (SPS-MC) with a 2-l ascorbic-acid-enriched polyethylene glycol solution plus bisacodyl pretreatment (PEG-Asc+B).

Patients and methods
Patients referred for colonoscopy were randomized to SPS-MC or PEG-Asc+B administered as a split-dose regimen. Patients received advice on the recommended 4-l SPS-MC and 2-l PEG-Asc+B fluid intake. Safety was assessed by blood sampling before and after the preparation and during a 30-day follow-up period. A questionnaire assessed tolerability and perceived burden of the preparation.

Results
A total of 341 patients underwent colonoscopy. Blood sampling showed a slight but significant decrease in sodium, chloride and osmolality and increase in magnesium in the SPS-MC group and a decrease in bicarbonate in the PEG-Asc+B group. Hyponatraemia and hypermagnesaemia without clinical signs were observed in 16 (14 SPS-MC) and 13 SPS-MC patients, respectively. Patients reported significantly fewer physical complaints and a significantly higher completion rate with SPS-MC. Patients receiving SPS-MC rated the intake as being easier and better tasting. In the event of a repeat colonoscopy, 59.7% of patients in the PEG-Asc+B and 93.6% of patients in the SPS-MC group would opt for the same preparation again.

Conclusion
Despite electrolyte shifts, both SPS-MC and PEG-Asc+B appeared clinically safe. From a patient’s perspective, a small-volume preparation formula such as SPS-MC is preferred, resulting in fewer physical complaints and greater ease of intake.
Pharmacokinetics of Tenofovir Alafenamide When Coadministered With Other HIV Antiretrovirals
Authors: Begley Rebecca , Das Moupali , Zhong Lijie , Ling John , Kearney Brian P. , Custodio Joseph M. 
Published: April 2018

Background:
Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF), a prodrug of the nucleotide analogue tenofovir (TFV), is an antiretroviral (ARV) agent approved either as a complete regimen [elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine (F)/TAF, rilpivirine/F/TAF, bictegravir/F/TAF], or for use with other ARVs (F/TAF), for treatment of HIV. TAF is a substrate of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) transporters. Disposition of TAF may be altered by comedications that can inhibit or induce P-gp or BCRP transporters. The effects of ARVs on the pharmacokinetics of TAF were evaluated in 3 studies.

Methods:
Healthy participants received TAF administered alone or with rilpivirine in study 1, with dolutegravir, ritonavir-boosted atazanavir (ATV + RTV), lopinavir (LPV/RTV), or darunavir (DRV + RTV) in study 2, and with the pharmacokinetic enhancer cobicistat or efavirenz in study 3.

Results:
Across the 3 studies, 98 participants received treatment with TAF and a coadministered agent (n = 10–34/cohort). All study treatments were well tolerated. TAF and TFV exposures were unaffected after co-administration with rilpivirine and dolutegravir. Coadministration with P-gp/BCRP inhibitors such as cobicistat or PI-based regimens (ATV + RTV, LPV/r, or DRV + RTV) resulted in a range of 6%–183% increases in TAF and 105%–316% increases in TFV exposure, whereas coadministration with a P-gp inducer, efavirenz, resulted in a 15%–24% decrease in TAF and TFV exposure.

Conclusions:
Evaluation of the drug interaction between TAF and other commonly prescribed boosted and unboosted ARVs provides characterization of the susceptibility of TAF and/or TFV pharmacokinetics to inhibitors or inducers of P-gp/BCRP transporters.
Circulating CXCR5-Expressing CD8+ T-Cells Are Major Producers of IL-21 and Associate With Limited HIV Replication
Authors: Perdomo-Celis Federico , Taborda Natalia A. , Rugeles Maria T. 
Published: April 2018

Background:
Despite advances made with the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in the control of the HIV 1 infection, a cure has not been achieved because of the persistence of viral reservoirs. The major HIV reservoirs remain in the lymphoid follicles because of, among other factors, the partial absence of CD8+ T-cells in these structures. Recently, lymphoid follicle–confined and circulating CD8+ T-cells expressing the C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CXCR5) were described, possessing antiviral mechanisms that could help to control HIV replication.

Setting and Methods:
By flow cytometry, we characterized the phenotype and function of circulating CXCR5-expressing CD8+ T-cells in HIV-infected patients with natural or HAART-induced control of HIV replication.

Results:
Circulating CXCR5-expressing CD8+ T-cells exhibited low or null expression of the C–C chemokine receptor type 7 (CCR7) and had a transitional memory phenotype. Particular redistributions of CXCR5-expressing CD8+ T-cells were found in HIV-infected patients, and they were partially restored by HAART. The frequency of CXCR5hiCCR7−/lo CD8+ T-cells was higher in spontaneous HIV controllers and negatively correlated with plasma HIV RNA levels. Total and HIV-specific CXCR5+ CD8+ T-cells were major producers of interleukin-21, and this function was positively associated with their interferon-γ production.

Conclusions:
Circulating CXCR5-expressing CD8+ T-cells are associated with low-level HIV replication; these cells could be novel correlates of protection, and potentially useful in the eradication of HIV reservoirs.
Point of Diagnosis and Patient Retention in HIV Care in Western Kenya
Authors: Genberg Becky L. , Lee Hana , Hogan Joseph W. , Some Fatma , Wachira Juddy , Wu Xiaotian K. , Braitstein Paula 
Published: April 2018

Background:
Home-based counseling and testing (HBCT) achieves earlier HIV diagnosis than other testing modalities; however, retention in care for these healthier patients is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the association between point of HIV testing and retention in care and mortality.

Setting:
Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH) has provided HIV care in western Kenya since 2001.

Methods:
AMPATH initiated HBCT in 2007. This retrospective analysis included individuals 13 years and older, enrolled in care between January 2008 and September 2016, with data on point of testing. Discrete-time multistate models were used to estimate the probability of transition between the following states: engaged, disengaged, transfer, and death, and the association between point of diagnosis and transition probabilities.

Results:
Among 77,358 patients, 67% women, median age: 35 years and median baseline CD4: 248 cells/mm3. Adjusted results demonstrated that patients from HBCT were less likely to disengage [relative risk ratio (RRR) = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.83 to 0.91] and die (RRR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.55 to 0.75), whereas those diagnosed through provider-initiated counseling and testing were more likely to disengage (RRR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.12) and die (RRR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.06 to 1.20), compared with patients from voluntary counseling and testing. Once disengaged, patients from HBCT were less likely to remain disengaged, compared with patients from voluntary counseling and testing.

Conclusions:
Patients entering care from different HIV-testing programs demonstrate differences in retention in HIV care over time beyond disease severity. Additional research is needed to understand the patient and system level factors that may explain the associations between testing program, retention, and mortality.
[68Ga]Ga-Pentixafor PET/MRI for CXCR4 Imaging of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Mayerhoefer Marius E. , Jaeger Ulrich , Staber Philipp , Raderer Markus , Wadsak Wolfgang , Pfaff Sarah , Kornauth Christoph , Senn Daniela , Weber Michael , Wester Hans-Juergen , Skrabs Cathrin , Haug Alexander 
Published: April 2018

Objectives
This prospective proof-of-principle study aimed to determine whether [68Ga]Ga-Pentixafor uptake, which reflects CXCR4 expression, is higher in the bone marrow of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) than in other oncological diseases without bone marrow infiltration and can therefore be used for CLL imaging.

Materials and Methods
Thirteen CLL patients and 20 controls (10 with pancreatic adenocarcinoma and 10 with mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma) with histologically proven cancer underwent [68Ga]Ga-Pentixafor positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging. Standardized [68Ga]Ga-Pentixafor uptake values (SUVmax, SUVmean) were measured in the bone marrow of the pelvis, the lumbar vertebra L4, and the bony structure with the visually highest tracer uptake (“hottest lesion”). Mean apparent diffusion coefficient values were also measured in the pelvis. Serum leukocyte count (gram per liter), lymphocyte percentage (percent), lactate dehydrogenase (unit per liter), β2-microglobulin (milligram per deciliter), and C-reactive protein (milligram per deciliter) were measured. Statistical analyses comprised analysis of variance with Games-Howell post hoc tests and Spearman correlation coefficients.

Results
SUVmax and SUVmean differed significantly between CLL and pancreatic adenocarcinoma in the pelvis (P = 0.032 and P = 0.008) and lumbar vertebra L4 (both P < 0.001). SUVmean also differed in the pelvis (P = 0.020) and L4 (P = 0.041), and SUVmax in L4 (P = 0.019), between CLL and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Receiver operating characteristic–based areas under the curve for separation of CLL from the control groups were greatest for the SUVmax of the bony structure with the strongest [68Ga]Ga-Pentixafor uptake (0.94) and the SUVmax of L4 (0.92). There was no significant correlation between [68Ga]Ga-Pentixafor uptake and pelvic apparent diffusion coefficients or serum parameters.

Conclusions
[68Ga]Ga-Pentixafor positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging may possibly be useful for CXCR4-based CLL imaging.
Determination of carcinogenic herbicides in milk samples using green non-ionic silicone surfactant of cloud point extraction and spectrophotometry
Authors: Mohd N. I. , Zain N. N. M. , Raoov M. , Mohamad S. 
Published: April 2018

A new cloud point methodology was successfully used for the extraction of carcinogenic pesticides in milk samples as a prior step to their determination by spectrophotometry. In this work, non-ionic silicone surfactant, also known as 3-(3-hydroxypropyl-heptatrimethylxyloxane), was chosen as a green extraction solvent because of its structure and properties. The effect of different parameters, such as the type of surfactant, concentration and volume of surfactant, pH, salt, temperature, incubation time and water content on the cloud point extraction of carcinogenic pesticides such as atrazine and propazine, was studied in detail and a set of optimum conditions was established. A good correlation coefficient (

R
2

) in the range of 0.991–0.997 for all calibration curves was obtained. The limit of detection was 1.06 µg l
−1
(atrazine) and 1.22 µg l
−1
(propazine), and the limit of quantitation was 3.54 µg l
−1
(atrazine) and 4.07 µg l
−1
(propazine). Satisfactory recoveries in the range of 81–108% were determined in milk samples at 5 and 1000 µg l
−1
, respectively, with low relative standard deviation,
n
= 3 of 0.301–7.45% in milk matrices. The proposed method is very convenient, rapid, cost-effective and environmentally friendly for food analysis.
Developmentally arrested precursors of pontine neurons establish an embryonic blueprint of theDrosophilacentral complex
Authors: Andrade Ingrid V. , Riebli Nadia , Nguyen Bao-Chau M. , Omoto Jaison J. , Fetter Richard D. , Cardona Albert , Hartenstein Volker 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSerial electron microscopic analysis shows that theDrosophilabrain at hatching possesses a large fraction of developmentally arrested neurons with a small soma, heterochromatin-rich nucleus, and unbranched axon lacking synapses. We digitally reconstructed all 812 “ small undifferentiated” (SU) neurons on both hemispheres and assigned them to the known brain lineages. 54 SU neurons belonging to the DM1-4 lineages, which generate all columnar neurons of the central complex, form an embryonic nucleus of the fan-shaped body (FB). These “ FB pioneers” develop into a speci1c class of bi-columnar elements, the pontine neurons. Even though later born, unicolumnar DM1-4 neurons fasciculate with the FB pioneers, selective ablation of these cells did not result in gross abnormalities of the trajectories of unicolumnar neurons, indicating that axonal path1nding of the two systems is controlled independently. Our comprehensive spatial and developmental analysis of the SU neuron adds to our understanding of the establishment of neuronal circuitry.