bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low‐Dimensional Metal‐Organic Frameworks and their Diverse Functional Roles in Catalysis
Authors: Tan Ying Chuan , Zeng Hua Chun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn recent years, metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have gained tremendous attention as an emerging class of functional materials for the field of heterogeneous catalysis. In particular, low‐dimensionality of these material‐platforms can be singled out as an important structural parameter that endows unique or new functionalities and thus enables improved catalytic performance. Herein, firstly, this Review summarizes important development of the synthetic preparation strategies of low‐dimensional MOFs and their related composites. Next, effects of dimensionality on different catalytic roles of MOF platforms are highlighted and discussed. For instance, MOFs have been employed directly as heterogeneous catalysts, in which catalytic reactions take place within their pristine or deliberately created pores. Exploiting on the ordered pore structures, MOFs have also been integrated into reactor‐like catalysts to act as a membrane for selective catalysis. MOFs have also demonstrated to be unique support materials for other catalyst components, of which enhancement in stability and catalytic performance have been addressed. Lastly, MOFs have also been extensively utilized as a sacrificial template to derive highly porous and catalytic active nanomaterials. On the basis of our personal perspectives, some future research directions are suggested in this review in order to further advance this class of emerging catalysts.
Research Platform: Decentralized Energy System for Sector Coupling
Authors: Öchsner Richard , Nuß Andreas , Lange Christopher , Rueß Alexandra 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIndustrial facilities usually need multiple energy subsystems, e.g., for heat, cold, and electric power supply. Normally, these energy subsystems are controlled locally and independent of each other. Coupling of the different subsystems can open up additional potential. Fraunhofer IISB has developed a demonstration and research platform for investigating the benefits of such sector coupling. A major precondition is to understand the energy flows in the system and establish an overall and flexible system control to realize the required algorithms for setting up an intelligent decentralized energy system. Major components of the overall system are various storages, which extend the degree of freedom for sector coupling and increase the effectiveness of the different subsystems.
Electroactive Nanocarbon Can Simultaneously Work as Platform and Signal Generator for Label‐Free Immunosensing
Authors: Cheng Zhao Xuan , Ang Wei Li , Bonanni Alessandra 
Published: May 2019

AbstractElectroactive nanocarbon can be defined as a carbon nanomaterial that contains electrochemically reducible oxygen functionalities. We show here how an electroactive nanocarbon material can work both as a platform and as a signal generator when developing an immunosensor for the detection of mycotoxins. The suitability of the material for the immobilization of the biorecognition element by the formation of multiple noncovalent interactions, and the concurrent ability to provide a significant reduction peak are combined here in a label‐free, single‐step immunosensor. The variation in the current intensity, owing to the reduction of the electroactive platform, is correlated to the electrochemical availability of the oxygen functionalities involved in the interaction with the biorecognition element first, and the antibody/antigen conjugate in the detection step. We demonstrated here a direct dependence between the signal generated from the electroactive nanocarbon platform and each step of the biorecognition event, which allows the selective and precise detection of the analyte under investigation.
Synthesis of 5‐Alkynyl Substituted 2ʹ‐Arabinosyl 2ʹ‐Halogenated Uridine Nucleosides
Authors: Hilko David H. , Bornaghi Laurent F. , Poulsen Sally‐Ann 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis unit describes the detailed preparation of 5‐alkynyl‐2ʹ‐halogenated arabinosyl uridine nucleosides (2ʹ‐halo‐ara‐EdU) from uridine. These compounds were synthesized as prospective chemical probes for the detection of DNA synthesis in proliferating cells. Currently, this is the only synthetic methodology reported to access these compounds. The key to success of the synthetic approach was to employ a 3‐N‐nitro‐protecting group to stabilize the required 2ʹ‐triflate nucleoside precursor toward nucleophilic substitution. Several synthetic challenges were overcome to accommodate the combination of a 5‐alkyne and 3‐N‐nitro functional group, including facile introduction and removal of the N‐nitro group, and removal of the sugar acetyl groups under acidic conditions. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Driving data generation using affinity propagation, data augmentation, and convolutional neural network in communication system
Authors: Zhang Weiqiang , Chu Phuong Minh , Huang Kaisi , Cho Kyungeun 
Published: May 2019

SummaryIn vehicle‐driving simulation‐based communication systems, vehicles are always driven according to predefined driving styles. However, in the real world, various driving styles exist. To simulate various types of drivers in driving simulation systems, a new driving‐data generation method is required. This paper proposes a method that generates a realistic vehicle‐driving model. The data augmentation method is utilized to expand the driving dataset, and then the expanded driving data are clustered into several groups. The clustered driving data are inputted into a convolutional neural network to train a driving model. The driving model is utilized to classify another driving dataset into some categories. The driving data within the same categories are utilized to generate new driving data by combining the properties of the driving data. The new driving data thus generated is applied to a vehicle, which can be utilized in virtual driving simulation systems.
A POMDP‐based long‐term transmission rate maximization for cognitive radio networks with wireless‐powered ambient backscatter
Authors: Giang Hoang Thi Huong , Hoan Tran Nhut Khai , Thanh Pham Duy , Koo Insoo 
Published: May 2019

SummaryWireless energy harvesting enables wireless‐powered communications to accommodate data services in a self‐sustainable manner over a long operational time. Along with energy harvesting, an ambient backscatter technique helps a secondary transmitter reflect existing radio frequency (RF) signal sources to communicate with a secondary receiver when the primary channel (PC) is utilized. However, secondary system performance is significantly affected by factors such as the availability of the primary channel, imperfect spectrum sensing, and energy‐constrained problems. Therefore, we propose a novel approach for wireless‐powered cognitive radio networks (CRNs) to improve the transmission performance of secondary systems. To reduce the dependence of the secondary system on RF sources, in the paper, we provide a new paradigm by integrating ambient backscattering with both RF and non‐RF wireless‐powered communications to facilitate secondary communications. On the basis of the sensing result in a time slot, the secondary transmitter can dynamically select the operational action: (a) backscattering, (b) harvesting, or (c) transmitting to maximize the long‐term achievable data transmission rate at the secondary receiver. In addition, the optimal action set for CRNs with wireless‐powered ambient backscatter is selected by the partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP), which maximizes an expected transmission rate calculated over a number of subsequent time slots. The proposed scheme aims to improve long‐term transmission rate of CRNs with wireless‐powered ambient backscatter in comparison with conventional schemes where an action is taken only to maximize the immediate reward in every single time slot.
Performance, emission, energy, and exergy analysis of CI engine using Kaner seed pyrolysis oil blended diesel
Authors: Gouda Narayan , Singh Raghubansh K. , Das Amar K. , Panda Achyut K. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis work reports the engine performance, emission parameters, and energy‐exergy characteristics of a twin cylinder four‐stroke CI engine fueled with Diesel blended Kaner seed pyrolysis oil (KSPO). KSPO is obtained by the thermal pyrolysis of Kaner (Thevetia peruviana) seed at 600°C in a batch reactor and mixed with diesel in the ratio of 5, 10, 15, and 20%, to use in the engine. Brake thermal efficiency is marginally higher and brake specific fuel consumption is comparatively lower for KSPO‐diesel blend as compared to pure diesel fuel operation. Low carbon monoxide emission and high hydrocarbon, oxides of nitrogen and smoke emission is observed with KSPO—diesel blend. In addition, energy and exergy values of KSPO‐diesel with different blends at different loads are evaluated. Fuel exergy rate of the blended fuel is higher than pure diesel fuel where as exergetic efficiency of the blended fuel found is lower than pure diesel fuel. Moreover, the exergetic efficiency is increased with increasing engine load.
Effect of antidepressant treatment on plasma levels of neuroinflammation‐associated molecules in patients with somatic symptom disorder with predominant pain around the orofacial region
Authors: Miyauchi Tomoya , Tokura Tatsuya , Kimura Hiroyuki , Ito Mikiko , Umemura Eri , Sato (Boku) Aiji , Nagashima Wataru , Tonoike Takashi , Yamamoto Yasuko , Saito Kuniaki , Kurita Kenichi , Ozaki Norio 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveBurning mouth syndrome (BMS) and atypical odontalgia (AO) are examples of somatic symptom disorders with predominant pain around the orofacial region. Neuroinflammation is thought to play a role in the mechanisms, but few studies have been conducted. We aimed to better understand the role of neuroinflammation in the pathophysiology and treatment of BMS/AO.MethodsPlasma levels of 28 neuroinflammation‐related molecules were determined in 44 controls and 48 BMS/AO patients both pretreatment and 12‐week post‐treatment with duloxetine.ResultsBaseline plasma levels of interleukin (IL)‐1β (p < .0001), IL‐1 receptor antagonist (p < .001), IL‐6 (p < .0001), macrophage inflammatory protein‐1β (p < .0001), and platelet‐derived growth factor‐bb (.04) were significantly higher in patients than in controls. Plasma levels of granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor were significantly higher in patients than in controls (p < .001) and decreased with treatment (.009). Plasma levels of eotaxin, monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, and vascular endothelial growth factor decreased significantly with treatment (p < .001, .022, and .029, respectively).ConclusionsInflammatory mechanisms may be involved in the pathophysiology and/or treatment response of somatic symptom disorders with predominant pain around the orofacial region.
Association between the rs2288947 polymorphism of the lncRNA TINCR gene and the risk of recurrent miscarriage in a Southern Chinese population
Authors: Huang Wendong , Zhou Huazhong , Pi Lei , Xu Yufen , Fu LanYan , Yang Yanfang , Che Di , Gu Xiaoqiong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractStudies have shown that many genes that regulate cell migration are associated with susceptibility to recurrent miscarriage. Terminal differentiation‐induced non‐coding RNA (TINCR) regulates the migration and invasion of a variety of tumor cells and is associated with susceptibility to various diseases. However, whether the lncRNA TINCR polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to recurrent miscarriage is unclear. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between the rs2288947 A > G polymorphism of the lncRNA TINCR and susceptibility to recurrent abortion. We recruited 248 recurrent spontaneous abortion patients and 392 healthy control subjects from the Southern Chinese population and used the TaqMan method for genotyping. There was no evidence that this polymorphism is associated with recurrent miscarriage (AG vs AA: adjusted OR = 0.904, 95% CI = 0.647‐1.264, P = 0.5552; GG and AA: adjusted OR = 0.871, 95% CI = 0.475‐1.597, P = 0.6542; dominant model: AG/GG vs AA: adjusted OR = 0.898, 95% CI = 0.653‐1.236, P = 0.5101; and recessive model: GG vs AA/AG: adjusted OR = 0.910, 95% CI = 0.505‐1.639, P = 0.7527). The stratified analysis also showed no significant associations. This study suggests that the rs2288947 A > G polymorphism of the lncRNA TINCR may not be associated with recurrent miscarriage in a Southern Chinese population. A larger multicenter study is needed to confirm our conclusions.
Impact of transient hepatic attenuation differences on computed tomography scans in the diagnosis of acute gangrenous cholecystitis
Authors: Uemura Shuichiro , Higuchi Ryota , Yazawa Takehisa , Izumo Wataru , Sugishita Toshiya , Morita Satoru , Yamamoto Masakazu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe examined the utility of transient hepatic attenuation differences (THADs) detected in the arterial phase of computed tomography for the diagnosis of acute gangrenous cholecystitis (AGC).MethodsWe examined 83 consecutive patients who underwent cholecystectomy within 72 h of undergoing three‐phase dynamic computed tomography scans for acute cholecystitis between 2009 and 2018 (histopathological examination later confirmed 42 with AGC, 41 without). The THAD volume (cm3) was calculated by multiplying the total area of the enhancing lesions (traced on axial images) by the thickness of the scan (0.5‐cm slices). We evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of the THAD volume and other computed tomography findings of AGC.ResultsThe THAD volume was significantly larger in the AGC group than in the non‐gangrenous acute cholecystitis group (P < 0.0001). The cutoff value of 78 cm3, determined using a receiver operating characteristics curve, yielded a sensitivity of 88.1% and specificity of 75.6% for detecting AGC. Multivariate analysis revealed a THAD volume of >78 cm3 to be an independent predictor of AGC.ConclusionsAcute gangrenous cholecystitis can be diagnosed using THAD volume, resulting in improved treatment and fewer serious complications.
The professionalization of psychologists as court personnel: Consequences of the first institutional commitment law for the “feebleminded”
Authors: Farreras Ingrid G. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe first law providing for the permanent, involuntary institutionalization of “feeble‐minded” individuals was passed in Illinois in 1915. This bill represented the first eugenic commitment law in the United States. Focusing on the consequences of this 1915 commitment law within the context of intelligence testing, eugenics, and the progressive movement, this paper will argue that the then newly devised Binet–Simon intelligence test facilitated the definition and classification of feeble‐mindedness that validated feeble‐mindedness theory, enabled the state to legitimize the eugenic diagnosis and institutionalization of feeble‐minded individuals, and especially empowered psychologists to carve out a niche for themselves in the courtroom as “experts” when testifying as to the feeble‐mindedness of individuals.
Doppler Velocity Estimates of Internal Carotid Artery Stenosis: Angle Correction Parallel to the Color Doppler Lumen Versus Parallel to the Artery Wall
Authors: Polak Joseph F. , Alessi‐Chinetti Jean M. , Kremkau Frederick W. 
Published: May 2019

ObjectivesWe compared internal carotid artery Doppler peak systolic velocities (PSVs) measured with angle correction parallel to the artery wall (// wall) on grayscale images and parallel to the direction of blood flow (// flow) on color Doppler images.MethodsWe studied 25 internal carotid lesions with PSVs higher than 125 cm/s. The PSVs were measured in the same imaging plane, at the stenosis orifice (0 cm) and at 0.5 and 1 cm downstream by both methods. Linear regression and correlation analyses were used to study the effects of the angle correction method on changes in PSVs as a function of the differences in angle adjustment and distance from the stenosis.ResultsThe 23 patients studied included 9 women and 14 men. There was a mean difference in absolute PSVs ± SD of −17.2 ± 29.5 cm/s (P < .008) between methods at the stenosis. The difference in the PSVs was associated with the angle difference between the flow jet and the artery wall (P < .01). At 1 cm from the stenosis, // flow PSVs were more strongly correlated with PSVs at the stenosis (r = 0.61; 95% confidence interval, 0.28, 0.82; P = .001) than // wall PSVs (r = 0.39; 95% confidence interval, –0.003, 0.68; P = .052).ConclusionsBlood flow velocity measurements made with angle correction parallel to the direction of the color Doppler blood flow lumen remain more consistent with the distance from the stenosis than blood flow velocity measurements made with angle correction parallel to the outer artery walls.
Cytogenetic and molecular diagnosis of Fanconi anemia revealed two hidden phenotypes: Disorder of sex development and cerebro‐oculo‐facio‐skeletal syndrome
Authors: Ben Haj Ali Abir , Amouri Ahlem , Sayeb Marwa , Makni Saloua , Hammami Wajih , Naouali Chokri , Dallali Hamza , Romdhane Lilia , Bashamboo Anu , McElreavey Kenneth , Abdelhak Sonia , Messaoud Olfa 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundSeveral studies have shown a high rate of consanguinity and endogamy in North African populations. As a result, the frequency of autosomal recessive diseases is relatively high in the region with the co‐occurrence of two or more diseases.MethodsWe report here on a consanguineous Libyan family whose child was initially diagnosed as presenting Fanconi anemia (FA) with uncommon skeletal deformities. The chromosome breakage test has been performed using mitomycin C (MMC) while molecular analysis was performed by a combined approach of linkage analysis and whole exome sequencing.ResultsCytogenetic analyses showed that the karyotype of the female patient is 46,XY suggesting the diagnosis of a disorder of sex development (DSD). By looking at the genetic etiology of FA and DSD, we have identified p.[Arg798*];[Arg798*] mutation in FANCJ (OMIM #605882) gene responsible for FA and p.[Arg108*];[Arg1497Trp] in EFCAB6 (Gene #64800) gene responsible for DSD. In addition, we have incidentally discovered a novel mutation p.[Gly1372Arg];[Gly1372Arg] in the ERCC6 (CSB) (OMIM #609413) gene responsible for COFS that might explain the atypical severe skeletal deformities.ConclusionThe co‐occurrence of clinical and overlapping genetic heterogeneous entities should be taken into consideration for better molecular and genetic counseling.
Alkylpyrazines from Coffee are Extensively Metabolized to Pyrazine Carboxylic Acids in the Human Body
Authors: Kremer Jonathan I. , Pickard Stephanie , Stadlmair Lara F. , Glaß‐Theis Anika , Buckel Leon , Bakuradze Tamara , Eisenbrand Gerhard , Richling Elke 
Published: May 2019

ScopeCoffee is a complex mixture of over 1000 compounds, including diverse heteroaromatic compounds such as alkylpyrazines. Little is known about the intake, metabolism, and bodily distribution of these compounds. Therefore, a human intervention study is conducted to investigate the excretion of alkylpyrazine metabolites in urine after the ingestion of brewed coffee containing alkylpyrazines.Methods and resultsAfter consuming a diet without heat‐processed food, ten volunteers consumed 500 mL of freshly brewed coffee prepared from coffee pads, providing intakes of 2‐methylpyrazine (2‐MeP), 2,5‐dimethylpyrazine (2,5‐DMeP), and 2,6‐dimethylpyrazine (2,6‐DMeP) amounting to 17.2, 4.4, and 4.9 µmol, respectively. These alkylpyrazines are metabolized into the corresponding pyrazine carboxylic acids, namely pyrazine‐2‐carboxylic acid (PA), 5‐hydroxypyrazine‐2‐carboxylic acid (5‐OHPA), 5‐methylpyrazine‐2‐carboxylic acid (5‐MePA), and 6‐methylpyrazine‐2‐carboxylic acid (6‐MePA). In total, 64% of the ingested 2‐MeP is excreted as PA, as well as 26% as 5‐OHPA, while 91% and 97% of the ingested 2,5‐DMeP and 2,6‐DMeP are recovered as 5‐MePA and 6‐MePA, respectively, in urine samples collected after coffee consumption.ConclusionThis study provides evidence that alkylpyrazines are rapidly metabolized into the corresponding carboxylic acids and excreted via urine by humans, which is consistent with earlier rodent studies.
Dielectric resonator antenna with top loaded parasitic strip elements for dual‐band operation
Authors: Iqbal Amjad , Bouazizi Amal , Kundu Surajit , Elfergani Issa , Rodriguez Jonathan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this article, a dual‐band hybrid cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (CDRA) is designed, analyzed, and experimentally validated. Miniaturization and dual‐band frequency behavior are achieved by loading circular copper strips on top of the CDRA. Hence, the antenna resonates at 4.4 and 6.1 GHz covering −10 dB bandwidths of 600 MHz and 500 MHz, respectively. The proposed CDRA is excited using a rectangular slot for HEMY11 and HEMX11 modes. The proposed antenna demonstrates good gain (4.9 dBi at 4.4 GHz and 5.6 dBi at 6.1 GHz), high efficiency (>88% for all operating bands), and good FTBR (>10.08 dB in both principal planes for both operating bands). Moreover, the higher frequency band can be independently controlled by adjusting the parasitic strips width (d) and gap (g).
In‐Line VCSEL Testing
Authors: Roesener Tobias 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn the mass production of laser diodes such as VCSEL, high‐resolution array spectroradiometers are an efficient alternative for in‐process inspection in a 24/7 production environment. Compared to established scanning measurement techniques, they also guarantee high throughput volumes and reliability in the industrial environment: their configuration means high mechanical stability and integration times in the order of just a few milliseconds for CCD and microseconds for CMOS detectors. Measurements of laser diodes with a pulsed operating mode are also possible.
Power of the Wave
Authors: Flamm Daniel 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe first thing that you learn in school about optics is that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection. Only a while later we would discover that the whole light thing was a lot more complicated, but this seventh‐grade perspective on optics has proved to be sufficient for laser material processing for decades: Light is a ray, and a focus is a point at which converging rays unite. But meanwhile even in laser technonology we see that wave optics tell us far more.
Ultrafast Mirrors
Authors: Adams Daniel , Karam Tony 
Published: May 2019

AbstractUltrafast lasers have always been on the frontiers of science and technology, pushing the boundaries of what is possible. With the shortest pulses ever generated now down to tens of attoseconds (10 × 10−18 s), scientists can study and probe matter on an atomic scale. In recent years, ultrafast laser sources have moved outside of the lab. Today, the extreme properties of ultrashort pulses are utilized in fields as diverse as high‐resolution microscopy, time‐of‐flight distance measurements, and micro‐machining, to name but a few.