bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early‐life events and developmental defects of enamel in the primary dentition
Authors: Pinto Gabriela dos Santos , Costa Francine dos Santos , Machado Tanielley Vieira , Hartwig Andreia , Pinheiro Ricardo Tavares , Goettems Marília Leão , Demarco Flávio Fernando 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the occurrence of developmental defects of enamel (DDE) in the primary teeth of children aged 24‐36 months and their association with early‐life events.MethodsThis study was undertaken with children aged 24‐36 months in Pelotas, Southern Brazil. Information on demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, events occurring during pregnancy and neonatal events was collected previously. In this study, information on the health‐related behaviours of mothers and children was collected using questionnaires and information about children's oral health was achieved through clinical oral examination. The outcome, the prevalence of DDE (≥1), was determined using the DDE index (FDI). Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed.ResultsFive hundred and three mother/child dyads were evaluated, and 13.1% of the children had DDE. Multivariate analysis showed that children with Apgar scores less than 7 had around 2.5‐fold higher odds of developing DDE than children with Apgar scores between 7 and 10 (OR = 2.78; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.35‐5.73). The analysis of different types of enamel defects shows that the presence of hypoplasia (OR 3.13; 95% CI, 1.35‐7.27) and diffuse opacities (OR 3.95; 95% CI, 1.68‐9.27) remained associated in adjusted analysis with Apgar scores.ConclusionEarly‐life events may cause DDE. A lower Apgar score was associated with a higher prevalence of enamel defects.
Decomposing early and adult life social position effects on oral health and chronic diseases in a cross‐sectional study of Southern Brazil
Authors: Vendrame Édina , Goulart Mariél de Aquino , Hilgert Juliana B. , Hugo Fernando N. , Celeste Roger Keller 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectivesAs the socio‐economic trajectory can influence on individual health during the life course, the aim of this study was to test a model of socio‐economic life course effects on chronic diseases, tooth loss and on oral health‐related quality of life using structural equation model (SEM) to decompose direct and indirect effects.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was performed in southern Brazil, within public healthcare users with 18 years old or more (n = 433). Latent variables were the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP), Childhood Socio‐economic Status (SESC) and Adulthood (SESA), and Chronic Diseases (CD), and observed variables were sex, age, smoking status and tooth loss. The statistical analysis was performed using structural equation modelling (SEM) using WLSMV estimator. For the final model, we kept only plausible significant paths with P < 0.30.ResultsFinal model presented an adequate fit: RMSA 0.03, Comparative Fit Index (CFI) 0.97, TLI 0.97, and Weighted Root Mean Square Residual (WRMR) 1.19. The direct effect from SESC to tooth loss was β = −0.08 (P = 0.19) and the indirect was β = −0.12 (P = 0.02). The indirect effect from SESC to OHIP was β = −0.14 (P = 0.01) and there is no direct effect. The direct effect from SESA to tooth loss was β = −0.21 (P < 0.01) and there is no indirect effect. The direct effect from SESA to OHIP was β = −0.14 (P = 0.05). The association of SESA on SESC was β = 0.59 (P < 0.01).ConclusionsSESC had indirect effects on OHIP and number of teeth via SESA, supporting the chain of effects theory, but not for chronic diseases.
Soluble CD14 concentration in human breast milk and its potential role in child atopic dermatitis: Results of the Ulm Birth Cohort Studies
Authors: Logan Chad A. , Weiss Johannes M. , Koenig Wolfgang , Stahl Bernd , Carr Prudence R. , Brenner Hermann , Rothenbacher Dietrich , Genuneit Jon 
Published: August 2018

SummaryBackgroundSoluble CD14 (sCD14) is one of many factors in human breast milk which may influence programming of the immune response in the breastfed child. Although previous studies have mostly found little association between sCD14 concentration in breast milk and atopic outcomes, recent evidence continues to support a role of sCD14 in immune‐related disease.ObjectiveWe aimed to clarify whether an association exists between sCD14 concentration in human breast milk (m‐sCD14) and child atopic dermatitis (AD) diagnosis by age 3 years within the context of two large birth cohorts.MethodsData were obtained from the Ulm Birth Cohort Study (UBCS) and the Ulm SPATZ Health Study, methodologically similar birth cohort studies, each consisting of approximately 1000 newborns and their mothers recruited from the general population shortly after delivery in Ulm, Southern Germany, respectively, from 11/2000 to 11/2001 and 04/2012 to 05/2013. sCD14 concentrations were measured by different ELISAs (UBCS: IBL, SPATZ: R&D) in breast milk samples collected at 6 weeks post‐delivery in both studies and additionally at 6 months and 1 year in SPATZ. Children's AD diagnosis was assessed using parent and paediatrician reports at 1, 2 and 3 years of age.ResultsComplete exposure and outcome data were available for 659 UBCS and 489 SPATZ children. In both cohorts, sCD14 concentration was significantly associated with breastfeeding frequency (P < 0.01). We observed no association between m‐sCD14 concentration and child AD diagnosis in either study.ConclusionsOur results do not support an association between sCD14 concentration in mature breast milk and AD among breastfed children.
From stability to dynamics: understanding molecular mechanisms of regulatory T cells throughFoxp3transcriptional dynamics
Authors: Bending D , Ono M 
Published: August 2018

SummaryStudies on regulatory T cells (Treg) have focused on thymic Treg as a stable lineage of immunosuppressive T cells, the differentiation of which is controlled by the transcription factor forkhead box protein 3 (Foxp3). This lineage perspective, however, may constrain hypotheses regarding the role of Foxp3 and Treg in vivo, particularly in clinical settings and immunotherapy development. In this review, we synthesize a new perspective on the role of Foxp3 as a dynamically expressed gene, and thereby revisit the molecular mechanisms for the transcriptional regulation of Foxp3. In particular, we introduce a recent advancement in the study of Foxp3-mediated T cell regulation through the development of the Timer of cell kinetics and activity (Tocky) system, and show that the investigation of Foxp3 transcriptional dynamics can reveal temporal changes in the differentiation and function of Treg in vivo. We highlight the role of Foxp3 as a gene downstream of T cell receptor (TCR) signalling and show that temporally persistent TCR signals initiate Foxp3 transcription in self-reactive thymocytes. In addition, we feature the autoregulatory transcriptional circuit for the Foxp3 gene as a mechanism for consolidating Treg differentiation and activating their suppressive functions. Furthermore, we explore the potential mechanisms behind the dynamic regulation of epigenetic modifications and chromatin architecture for Foxp3 transcription. Lastly, we discuss the clinical relevance of temporal changes in the differentiation and activation of Treg.
Variations in the management of acute illness in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia: An audit of three paediatric hospitals
Authors: Chrisp Georgina L. , Maguire Ann M. , Quartararo Maria , Falhammar Henrik , King Bruce R. , Munns Craig F. , Torpy David J. , Hameed Shihab , Rushworth R. Louise 
Published: August 2018

SummaryObjectiveEpisodes of acute adrenal insufficiency (AI)/adrenal crises (AC) are a serious consequence of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). This study aimed to assess morbidity from acute illness in CAH and identify factors associated with use of IV hydrocortisone, admission and diagnosis of an AC.MethodAn audit of acute illness presentations among children with CAH to paediatric hospitals in New South Wales, Australia, between 2000 and 2015.ResultsThere were 321 acute presentations among 75 children with CAH. Two‐thirds (66.7%, n = 214) of these resulted in admission and 49.2% (n = 158) of the patients received intravenous (IV) hydrocortisone. An AC was diagnosed in (9.0%). Prior to presentation, 64.2% (n = 206) had used oral stress dosing and 22.1% (n = 71) had been given intramuscular (IM) hydrocortisone. Vomiting was recorded in 61.1% (n = 196), 32.7% (n = 64) of whom had used IM hydrocortisone. Admission, AC diagnosis and use of stress dosing varied significantly between hospitals. IM use varied from 7.0% in one metropolitan hospital to 45.8% in the regional hospital. Children aged up to 12 months had the lowest levels of stress dosing and IV hydrocortisone administration. Higher numbers of prior hospital attendances for acute illness were associated with increased use of IM hydrocortisone.ConclusionPrehospital and in‐hospital management of children with CAH can vary between health services. Children under 12 months have lower levels of stress dosing prior to hospital than other age groups. Experience with acute episodes improves self‐management of CAH in the context of acute illness in educated patient populations.
A novel IGSF1 mutation in a large Irish kindred highlights the need for familial screening in the IGSF1 deficiency syndrome
Authors: Roche Edna F. , McGowan Anne , Koulouri Olympia , Turgeon Marc‐Olivier , Nicholas Adeline K. , Heffernan Emmeline , El‐Khairi Ranna , Abid Noina , Lyons Greta , Halsall David , Bonomi Marco , Persani Luca , Dattani Mehul T. , Gurnell Mark , Bernard Daniel J. , Schoenmakers Nadia 
Published: August 2018

SummaryObjectiveLoss‐of‐function mutations in IGSF1 result in X‐linked central congenital hypothyroidism (CeCH), occurring in isolation or associated with additional pituitary hormone deficits. Intrafamilial penetrance is highly variable and a minority of heterozygous females are also affected. We identified and characterized a novel IGSF1 mutation and investigated its associated phenotypes in a large Irish kindred.Design, Patients and MeasurementsA novel hemizygous IGSF1 mutation was identified by direct sequencing in two brothers with CeCH, and its functional consequences were characterized in vitro. Genotype‐phenotype correlations were investigated in the wider kindred.ResultsThe mutant IGSF1 protein (c.2318T > C, p.L773P) exhibited decreased plasma membrane expression in vitro due to impaired trafficking from the endoplasmic reticulum. Ten hemizygous males and 11 heterozygous females exhibited characteristic endocrine deficits. Ireland operates a TSH‐based CH screening programme, which does not detect CeCH; therefore, genetic ascertainment preceded biochemical diagnosis of moderate CH in five of seven boys as well as their 75‐year‐old grandfather. Clinical features potentially attributable to hypothyroidism were variable; normal free T3 (FT3) and low/low normal reverse T3 (rT3) concentrations suggested that preferential deiodination of FT4 to FT3 may help maintain tissue euthyroidism in some individuals. However, neonatal jaundice, delayed speech or growth, and obesity were observed in seven subjects in whom diagnosis was delayed.ConclusionsAs observed with other IGSF1 mutations, p.L773P results in variably penetrant IGSF1 deficiency syndrome. Our observations emphasize the need for multi‐generation genetic ascertainment in affected families, especially where TSH‐based CH screening programmes may fail to detect CeCH at birth.
Mothers and fathers in treatment for methamphetamine addiction—Parenting, parental stress, and children at risk
Authors: Dyba Janina , Moesgen Diana , Klein Michael , Leyendecker Birgit 
Published: August 2018

AbstractParents addicted to methamphetamine (“crystal meth”) are likely to be impaired in meeting parental responsibilities, and the developmental settings can be highly disadvantageous for children. Therefore, parenting by methamphetamine‐addicted mothers and fathers needs further exploration, while considering the impact on children affected by parental substance use. In our study, we analysed parenting practices and parental stress as well as children's behavioural problems using standardized assessments. The sample consisted of 87 methamphetamine‐addicted parents in recovery. We obtained data on parents' current substance use and on their psychological distress. Multiple regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of children's overall problems.Parents reported high levels of parental and psychological distress, even after achieving abstinence. Especially depressive perceptions of parenthood appeared problematic. While recovering from methamphetamine addiction, parents exhibited a precarious psychosocial situation and problematic parenting behaviour. Dysfunctional parenting practices were evident in both indifferent and overreactive tendencies. Children were at risk of behavioural and emotional problems. Variables associated with parenting showed significant predictive value for children's overall problems, beyond current substance use, and psychological distress. These findings are discussed in terms of a family‐oriented perspective in order to promote parenting capabilities of methamphetamine‐addicted parents and to prevent problematic development of their children.
Assessing effects of non‐native crayfish on mosquito survival
Authors: Bucciarelli Gary M. , Suh Daniel , Lamb Avery Davis , Roberts Dave , Sharpton Debra , Shaffer H. Bradley , Fisher Robert N. , Kats Lee B. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIntroductions of non‐native predators often reduce biodiversity and affect natural predator–prey relationships and may increase the abundance of potential disease vectors (e.g., mosquitoes) indirectly through competition or predation cascades. The Santa Monica Mountains (California, U.S.A.), situated in a global biodiversity hotspot, is an area of conservation concern due to climate change, urbanization, and the introduction of non‐native species. We examined the effect of non‐native crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) on an existing native predator, dragonfly nymphs (Aeshna sp.), and their mosquito larvae (Anopheles sp.) prey. We used laboratory experiments to compare the predation efficiency of both predators, separately and together, and field data on counts of dragonfly nymphs and mosquito larvae sampled from 13 local streams. We predicted a lower predation efficiency of crayfish compared with native dragonfly nymphs and a reduced predation efficiency of dragonfly nymphs in the presence of crayfish. Dragonfly nymphs were an order of magnitude more efficient predators than crayfish, and dragonfly nymph predation efficiency was reduced in the presence of crayfish. Field count data showed that populations of dragonfly nymphs and mosquito larvae were strongly correlated with crayfish presence in streams, such that sites with crayfish tended to have fewer dragonfly nymphs and more mosquito larvae. Under natural conditions, it is likely that crayfish reduce the abundance of dragonfly nymphs and their predation efficiency and thereby, directly and indirectly, lead to higher mosquito populations and a loss of ecosystem services related to disease vector control.
Influence of pretransplant midodrine use on outcomes after kidney transplantation
Authors: Pottebaum April A. , Hagopian Jennifer C. , Brennan Daniel C. , Gharabagi Ara , Horwedel Timothy A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractEvaluation of potential kidney transplant recipients is important to identify and treat conditions that may influence graft or patient survival after transplantation. We performed a single‐center, observational cohort study to determine whether pretransplant midodrine use influences outcomes after kidney transplantation. We analyzed graft and patient outcomes for adult patients who underwent a kidney‐only transplantation at Barnes‐Jewish Hospital from January 1999 to December 2015. We quantified adjusted associations of pretransplant midodrine use with post‐transplant complications by multivariable Cox regression. Among the 2621 kidney transplant recipients analyzed, 37 (1.4%) were taking midodrine immediately prior to transplantation. Midodrine users were more commonly older (56.5 vs 50.4 years) and obese (67.6% vs 33.6%). Midodrine users were also more likely to be on hemodialysis (86.5% vs 59.2%), to have a longer duration of dialysis dependence (646 months vs 577 months), and to have higher levels of sensitization (peak panel reactive antibody >20%, 32.4% vs 15.8%) compared to nonusers. Pretransplant midodrine users had significantly higher rates of delayed graft function (DGF) (32.4% vs 6.7%, P < 0.001). No difference in the incidence of DGF was observed based on the midodrine dosing regimen. After multivariable adjustment for recipient and donor characteristics, pretransplant midodrine use was independently associated with graft failure at 1 year (adjusted hazard ratio, 5.11; 95% confidence interval, 2.09‐12.49).
Ten‐year observational follow‐up of a randomized trial comparing cyclosporine and tacrolimus therapy combined with steroid withdrawal in living‐donor renal transplantation
Authors: Kim Jinhae , Park Jeeeun , Hwang Subin , Yoo Heejin , Kim Kyunga , Park Jae Berm , Jang Hye Ryoun , Lee Jung Eun , Kim Sung‐Joo , Kim Yoon‐Goo , Kim Dae Joong , Oh Ha Young , Huh Wooseong 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAlthough various strategies for steroid withdrawal after transplantation have been attempted, there are few reports of the long‐term results of steroid withdrawal regimens in kidney transplantation. Earlier, we reported on a 5‐year prospective, randomized, single‐center trial comparing the safety and efficacy of cyclosporine (CsA) plus mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) with that of tacrolimus (TAC) plus MMF, when steroids were withdrawn 6 months after kidney transplantation in low‐risk patients. We now report the 10‐year observational data on the study population. We collected data from the database of the Organ Transplantation Center, Samsung Medical Center for 5 years after completion of the original study (TAC group n = 62; CsA group n = 55). The 10‐year patient survival, death‐censored graft survival, and acute rejection‐free survival did not differ between groups (98% vs 96%; P = 0.49, 78% vs 85%; P = 0.75 and 84% vs 76%; P = 0.14 in the TAC group vs CsA group, respectively). In low‐risk patients, there was no difference in long‐term patient and graft survival between TAC‐ and CsA‐based late steroid withdrawal regimens that included MMF treatment. More long‐term randomized clinical trials are needed to clarify the benefits of late steroid withdrawal in kidney transplantation.
Urinary angiotensinogen level is increased in renal transplant recipients with masked hypertension and is correlated with left ventricular mass index and albuminuria in these patients
Authors: Tiryaki Ozlem , Usalan Celalettin , Kul Seval , Tarakcioglu Mehmet , Sucu Murat , Yildiz Fahrettin , Coban Sacit 
Published: August 2018

AbstractActivation of the local renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) is an independent risk factor for the development of proteinuria and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) more commonly seen in masked hypertensives. It has been reported that urinary angiotensinogen (UAGT) level provides a specific index of the intrarenal RAS status. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between UAGT and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and urinary albumin‐creatinine ratio (UACR) in renal transplant recipients (RTRs) with masked hypertension (HT). A total of 116 non‐diabetic‐treated hypertensive RTRs were included in this study. The patients were divided into two groups: masked hypertensives and controlled hypertensives. Forty‐two (36.2%) of RTRs had masked HT. Mean UACR and LVMI levels were higher in RTRs with masked HT than in RTRs with controlled HT (P < 0.001). UAGT level was also higher in masked hypertensives compared to controlled hypertensives (P < 0.001). Multivariable regression analysis showed that UAGT was positively correlated with UACR (β = 0.024, P = 0.001) and LVMI (β = 0.082, P = 0.001) in masked hypertensives. Consequently, masked HT was considerably frequent (36.2%) in treated hypertensive RTRs and high UAGT levels accompanied by high albuminuria and LVMI levels were seen in these patients. Overproduction of the UAGT may play a pivotal role in the development of LVH and proteinuria in masked hypertensives.
Reply to Dr Ozden et al.
Authors: Decaussin‐Petrucci Myriam , Descotes Françoise , Lifante Jean‐Christophe , Borson‐Chazot Françoise , Lopez Jonathan 
Published: August 2018

Author's response to the letter from Dr S. Ozden et al. in this issue regarding the article by Decaussin‐Petrucci et al. published in Cytopathology, Volume 28, issue 6 (‘Molecular testing of BRAF, RAS and TERT on thyroid FNAs with indeterminate cytology improves diagnostic accuracy’).
Clinical approach for molecular testing on thyroid fine needle aspirates
Authors: Özden Sabri , Er Sadettin , Tez Mesut 
Published: August 2018

This letter has been written in response to the paper by Decaussin‐Petrucci et al. published in Cytopathology, Volume 28, issue 6 (‘Molecular testing of BRAF, RAS and TERT on thyroid FNAs with indeterminate cytology improves diagnostic accuracy’). Indeterminate FNAB results (Bethesda 3) can be controversial in regards to treatment. In their article, Decaussin‐Petrucci et al. demonstrated that molecular tests can be routinely performed and are strong predictors of malignancy. In our letter we comment on this hypothesis from the clinicians’ perspective.
Frontal fibrosing alopecia – review of recent case reports and case series in PubMed
Authors: Valesky Eva Maria , Maier Manuela Denise , Kippenberger Stefan , Kaufmann Roland , Meissner Markus 
Published: August 2018

SummaryBackgroundIn his initial publication of frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) in 1994, Steven Kossard included six postmenopausal women. A type of cicatricial alopecia, FFA is clinically characterized by frontotemporal hairline recession and loss of eyebrows. In recent years, there has been an increasing number of case reports of FFA in both premenopausal women and men.Study objectiveReview and analysis of the literature on FFA with regard to epidemiology, associated disorders, disease presentation, diagnosis and treatment.Methods and materialWe conducted a Pubmed database search for case reports and case series on FFA. Overall, we reviewed and analyzed data from 68 articles, including 932 patients. Apart from epidemiological data such as age, gender or ethnicity, we also assessed other aspects such as predilection sites, associated skin lesions, comorbidities, drugs and treatment response as well as the diagnostic significance of autoantibodies.ResultsWhile we were able to confirm and more accurately define some of the data published in the literature, we were unable to reproduce certain assumptions that had previously been made. The high coincidence of FFA and thyroid disease we found in our analysis is particularly significant.ConclusionsThe present study provides the most comprehensive review to date of published cases of FFA.