bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Política fiscal en América Latina. Los casos de Brasil, Chile, Colombia, México, y Perú
Authors: Basilio Morales Eufemia 
Published: June 2018

<p>En el presente trabajo se analiza la relación entre la inestabilidad financiera que generan los flujos de capital de corto plazo en ausencia de mecanismos de control, y las restricciones que enfrenta la instrumentación de políticas fiscales contracíclicas bajo el régimen de metas de inflación, a partir de las crisis financieras internacionales ocurridas recientemente, en particular, en Brasil, Chile, Colombia, México y Perú. Mostrando que el aumento en la emisión de títulos públicos para esterilizar mediante intervenciones en el mercado cambiario los efectos que generan los flujos de capital de corto plazo sobre la base monetaria, son una fuente generadora de inestabilidad endógena, ya que este mecanismo conlleva riesgos de tipo de cambio y tasa de interés.</p>
Effects of Manufacturing and Finishing Techniques of Feldspathic Ceramics on Surface Topography, Biofilm Formation, and Cell Viability for Human Gingival Fibroblasts
Authors: Contreras LPC , Dal Piva AMO , Ribeiro FC , Anami LC , Camargo SEA , Jorge AOC , Bottino MA 
Published: June 2018

SUMMARYPurpose:Feldspathic ceramic restorations can be obtained by different techniques (stratification or computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing [CAD/CAM] blocks) and finishing procedures (polishing or glaze application). This study evaluated the effects of techniques and finishing procedures on surface properties, biofilm formation, and viability of human gingival fibroblasts (FMM-1) in contact with these materials.Methods and Materials:Ceramic specimens were obtained through a stratification technique (Vita VM9) and from CAD/CAM blocks (Vita Blocs Mark II; both Vita Zahnfabrik) and their surfaces were finished by polishing (ceramisté diamond rubbers + polishing paste; “p” subgroups) or glaze spray application + sintering (“g” subgroups). Roughness (Ra and RSm parameters) and surface free energy (SFE) were measured. Early biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Candida albicans was evaluated by counting colony-forming units (CFU). MTT (3-[4.5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl-]-2.5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) cytotoxicity test evaluated cellular viability for the growth of FMM-1 after 24 hours and seven days of contact. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and three-dimensional optical profilometry were performed to qualitatively analyze the surface. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance, Tukey test, and t-test (all α=0.05).Results:Polished samples presented lower roughness (Ra, p=0.015; RSm, p=0.049) and higher SFE (p=0.00). Streptococci had higher CFU in all groups, but the CFU of C albicans was lower for polished samples. Biofilm formation was influenced by the interaction of all factors (p=0.018), and the materials showed no cytotoxicity to FMM-1 growth.Conclusions:Polishing resulted in the lowest values for surface roughness and higher SFE values. Polished ceramics showed less C albicans adherence while the adherence of Streptococci was greater than C albicans in all conditions.
Microshear Bond Strength of High-viscosity Glass-ionomer to Normal and Caries-affected Dentin Under Simulated Intrapulpal Pressure
Authors: El-Deeb HA , Mobarak EH 
Published: June 2018

SUMMARY

Objectives:
The use of high-viscosity glass-ionomer cements (HVGICs) for atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) restorations is widely practiced with the advent of various HVGICs. However, the bonding of the latter to caries-affected dentin (CAD) should be validated, especially because it is the common substrate left after conservative caries removal following the ART approach. Hence, this study was carried out to evaluate the microshear bond strength (μSBS) of three HVGICs to normal dentin (ND) and CAD under intrapulpal pressure (IPP) simulation.

Methods and Materials:
The occlusal enamel of 90 molars with mid-coronal caries was cut to expose flat dentin surfaces containing both ND and CAD. Dentin substrates (ND and CAD) were differentiated using visual, tactile, caries-detecting dye, and dye-permeability methods. Prepared crown segments were equally divided (n=30) according to the tested HVGICs into GC Fuji IX GP Fast, Fuji IX GP containing chlorhexidine, and zinc-reinforced ChemFil Rock HVGIC. Microcylinders of tested HVGICs were built up on both dentin substrates (n=30 for each tested HVGIC per each substrate) using starch tubes while the specimens were subjected to simulated IPP of 15 mm Hg. The μSBS test was conducted using a universal testing machine, and failure modes were determined using a scanning electron microscope. Data were statistically analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures, one-way ANOVA, and Bonferroni post hoc tests (α=0.05).

Results:
For both dentin substrates (ND and CAD), the μSBS values of ChemFil Rock were significantly higher than those recorded for the other HVGICs. The μSBS values of each tested HVGIC to ND and CAD were not statistically different. Failure modes were mainly mixed.

Conclusions:
Zinc-reinforced HVGIC ChemFil Rock showed superior bonding to ND and CAD compared to the GC Fuji IX GP Fast and Fuji IX with chlorhexidine. However, each of the tested HVGICs showed comparable bonding to both dentin substrates (ND and CAD).
Effect of Reduced Universal Adhesive Application Time on Enamel Bond Fatigue and Surface Morphology
Authors: Nagura Y , Tsujimoto A , Fischer NG , Baruth AG , Barkmeier WW , Takamizawa T , Latta MA , Miyazaki M 
Published: June 2018

SUMMARY

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of reduced application times of universal adhesives on enamel bond fatigue and surface morphology of the treated enamel with constant force atomic force microscopy (AFM).

Methods:
Four universal adhesives—Adhese Universal (AU), Clearfil Universal Bond Quick (CU), G-Premio Bond (GP), and Scotchbond Universal Adhesive (SU)—were evaluated in a laboratory for their ability to adhesively bond resin composite to enamel. Shear bond strengths were initially determined using 15 specimens per test group for each adhesive. Shear fatigue strengths were then determined using 20 specimens per test group for each the adhesives. The fatigue specimens were loaded using a sine wave at a frequency of 20 Hz for 50,000 cycles or until failure occurred. AFM observations, surface Ra roughness measurements, and geometric surface area evaluations of enamel surface treated with the adhesive agents were also conducted.

Results:
A strong relationship was found between the initial shear bond strength and shear fatigue strength for enamel surface Ra roughness but not for geometric surface area. The initial shear bond strength and shear fatigue strength of CU and GP were not influenced by different application times, unlike those of AU and SU. While the surface area of enamel treated with the adhesive agents was not significantly influenced by different application times and type of adhesive, surface Ra roughness of the enamel in the AU and SU groups significantly increased with increasing application time, unlike CU and GP.

Conclusions:
The results of this study suggest that universal adhesives, used with reduced application times, have adequate Ra surface roughness to provide sufficient resistance to enamel bond fatigue at application times from &lt;1 second to 20 seconds, while the geometric surface area of adhesive-treated enamel did not show any significant changes at these different application times.
Comparison of Internal Adaptation of Bulk-fill and Increment-fill Resin Composite Materials
Authors: Alqudaihi FS , Cook NB , Diefenderfer KE , Bottino MC , Platt JA 
Published: June 2018

SUMMARY

Objectives:
To evaluate 1) the internal adaptation of a light-activated incremental-fill and bulk-fill resin-based composite (RBC) materials by measuring the gap between the restorative material and the tooth structure and 2) the aging effect on internal adaptation.

Methods and Materials:
Seventy teeth with class I cavity preparations were randomly distributed into five groups; four groups were restored with bulk-fill RBCs: Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill (TEC), SonicFill (SF), QuiXX Posterior Restorative (QX), and X-tra fil (XF); the fifth group was restored with incremental-fill Filtek Supreme Ultra Universal Restorative (FSU). One-half of the specimens of each group were thermocycled. Each tooth was sectioned, digital images were recorded, and the dimensions of any existing gaps were measured. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (α=0.05).

Results:
FSU had the smallest gap measurement values compared with the bulk-fill materials except QX and TEC (p≤0.008). FSU had the smallest sum of all gap category values compared with the bulk-fill materials, except QX (p≤0.021). The highest gap incidence and size values were found at the composite/adhesive interface. All aged groups had greater gap values in regard to the gap measurement and the sum of all gap categories compared with non-aged groups.

Significance:
The incrementally placed material FSU had the highest internal adaptation to the cavity surface, while the four bulk-fill materials showed varied results. Thermocycling influenced the existing gap area magnitudes. The findings suggest that the incremental-fill technique produces better internal adaptation than the bulk-fill technique.
Do Student-Produced Videos Enhance Engagement and Learning in the Online Environment
Authors: Stanley Denise , Zhang Jenny 
Published: June 2018

Student engagement in online learning remains a challenge for the design of effective coursework. Additionally, few analyses have focused on student-produced activities in the online mode nor upon how such class activity affect student sub-groups differently. We conducted a randomized design experiment with student video production at a large public university. Student background and behavior factors were measured in two online surveys, which were combined with course assessment data. Because of the small sample size, we observe few significant differences in learning outcomes across the experiment treatment and control sections, except as regards to a value-added measure. We suggest that student learning was likely most-concentrated on concepts around which they produced the video. We find three sub-groups (those with lower-incoming GPAs, Hispanic ethnicity, and not having English as a primary language) expressed lower preparation for the online environment, with mixed engagement patterns. Final learning outcomes and grades remained lower for these groups both with and without the video treatment
Aspectos epidemiológicos de alacrán en la región de santarém, pará, brasil
Authors: COSTA, CÍCERO 
Published: June 2018

Este artículo es un estudio descriptivo de los aspectos epidemiológicos de 94 accidentes con escorpiones que ingresaron en el Hospital Municipal de Santarém, Pará, Brasil, en el 2008. Los resultados mostraron que la zona más afectada del Municipio con escorpionismo era rural con 80,85% de los casos, los pacientes de sexo masculino mostraron el mayor número de víctimas con 72,34%. Consta de alrededor del 42% de las bajas que presenta el grupo de 20 a 39 años fueron los más afectados con la picadura de estos animales. Las extremidades inferiores con 58,51% de los casos fue la región anatómica del cuerpo más favorable para los ataques de los escorpiones. Los resultados coinciden con presentados en otras regiones de Brasil, puede ser útil en las políticas de prevención de accidentes causados por este grupo de animales.
La práctica reflexiva en los docentes de posgrado, comprender para transformar
Authors: Mata Pérez Ana Ma. , Hernández Sánchez Pedro , Centeno Noriega Gerardo Esteban 
Published: June 2018

En cada uno de los foros mundiales de educación desde Jomtiem, Tailandia (1990), hasta Incheon, República de Corea (2015), se planteó como un objetivo fundamental la mejora de la calidad educativa, para ello se demandan cambios sustantivos en la formación docente que favorezcan una serie de competencias para su profesionalización.Profesionalizar al docente adquiere una connotación de autonomía, saberes expertos y capacidad de construir saberes propios desde su experiencia, se asume una postura crítica en el proceso de formación y profesionalización donde se requiere del desarrollo de una práctica reflexiva. El propósito de este este artículo científico es comunicar el proceso y resultados de una investigación acción, desde el diagnóstico, el diseño y aplicación de intervención que consistió en un taller fundamentado en el paradigma de práctica reflexiva para docentes de posgrado y finalmente los resultados de la evaluación. El referente teórico se enmarcó en autores que han aportado en lo conceptual, metodológico y técnico en el campo de la práctica reflexiva, como Philippe Perrenoud, Donald Schön, Christopher Day, Kolb, J. Elliot, Domingo A., entre otros.
Innovación pedagógica reflexiva en comunidades profesionales de aprendizaje y su impacto en la formación docente institucional
Authors: Malpica Basurto Federico , Navareño Pinadero Pedro 
Published: June 2018

El objetivo de este artículo es reflexionar sobre el impacto que la innovación pedagógica reflexiva en comunidades profesionales de aprendizaje tiene en la formación docente institucional, en nuestro caso, a través de un análisis y evaluación de carácter cuantitativo y cualitativo, que realizamos de las opiniones expresadas por los usuarios de la plataforma online Teachers Pro y que exponemos como resultados del desarrollo y aplicación de esta plataforma, considerada como herramienta para el desarrollo profesional que se adapta y responde a las necesidades formativas docentes, tanto individuales como institucionales, y que busca la creación y desarrollo de comunidades profesionales de aprendizaje docente, conformada por todos sus usuarios.Para ello partimos de la idea de innovación pedagógica reflexiva, pues consideramos que debe ser la esencia y base en la que se asiente la organización y el funcionamiento de las instituciones educativas, como medio de garantizar, que sus finalidades educativas y las acciones colectivas que se realizan para alcanzar sus objetivos sean la brújula que guíe la nave desde una acción pedagógica innovadora, colectiva, creativa, responsable, comprometida y sistemática de todos sus miembros, ofreciendo así la respuesta más adecuada que, en cada momento y contexto, demanda una sociedad global, interconectada y dinámica.
Interval Permutations
Authors: Nobile Drew F. 
Published: June 2018

This paper presents a framework for analyzing the interval structure of pitch-class segments (ordered pitch-class sets). An “interval permutation” is a reordering of the intervals that arise between adjacent members of these pitch-class segments. Because pitch-class segments related by interval permutation are not necessarily members of the same set-class, this theory has the capability to demonstrate aurally significant relationships between sets that are not related by transposition or inversion.
I begin with a theoretical investigation of interval permutations followed by a discussion of the relationship of interval permutations to traditional pitch-class set theory, specifically focusing on how various set-classes may be related by interval permutation. A final section applies these theories to analyses of several songs from Schoenberg’s op. 15 song cycle The Book of the Hanging Gardens.
Evaluation of Traffic Performance of Ahmed Urabi Square in Baghdad City
Authors: Al –Azawee Esraa Thamir 
Published: June 2018

At present, smooth movement on the roads is a matter which is needed for each user. Many roads, especially in urban areas geometrically improved because of the number of vehicles increase from time to time.
In this research, Highway capacity software, HCS, 2000, will be adopted to determine the effectiveness of roundabout in terms of capacity of roundabout, delay and level of service of roundabout.
The results of the analysis indicated that the Ahmed Urabi roundabout operates under level of service F with an average control delay of 300 seconds per vehicle during the peak hours.
The through movements of Alkarrada- Aljadiriya direction (Major Direction) represent the heaviest traffic volumes in Ahmed Urabi intersection. The use of underpass to serve the through movements in Alkarrada-Aljadiriya direction will lead to release the traffic volume in the Ahmed Urabi intersection with a rate 51 % .After the adoption of the proposed geometric design, it will operate at LOS B in the design year (2037). The proposed circulatory roadway width for the roundabout is 16m and the required number of lanes equal to three lanes for each side of the underpass and four lanes for all the approaches of the roundabout.
Determination of Best Location for Elevated Tank in Branched Network
Authors: Alannz Layth Abdul-Aleem 
Published: June 2018

The research focuses on determination of best location of high elevated tank using the required head of pump as a measure for this purpose. Five types of network were used to find the effect of the variation in the discharge and the node elevation on the best location. The most weakness point was determined for each network. Preliminary tank locations were chosen for test along the primary pipe with same interval distance. For each location, the water elevation in tank and pump head was calculated at each hour depending on the pump head that required to achieve the minimum pressure at the most weakness point. Then, the sum of pump heads through the day was determined. The results proved that there is a most economical location where the energy consumption is minimum. This location joined with the branched line that containing the most weakness point. The best location didn’t join with the highest demand location unless this location containing the most weakness point. The results indicated that the moving of tank away from best location in pump direction result in pump head increasing that exceed the increasing in pump head when the tank moves in the opposite direction. The location of tank beside the pump station was the worst location. Also, the results showed that as the distance between the pump and the highest demand become shorter, the required pump head become less. The uniform demand distribution required the least amount of pump head, it required minimum head of (554)m while the networks, that have highest demand at distance 200m,400m, and 1000m from the pump station, required minimum head of 651m, 682m, and 726m respectively.
ADSORPTION OF HEAVY METALS AND RESIDUAL OIL FROM PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENT USING NOVEL ADSORBENT OF ALGINATE AND MANGROVE COMPOSITE BEADS COATED BY CHITOSAN IN A PACKED BED COLUMN
Authors: Jawad Rana Jaafar , Shah Ismail Mohd Halim , Siajam Shamsul Izhar 
Published: June 2018

In this study, a novel adsorbent was prepared, namely alginate and mangrove composite beads coated with chitosan (AMCBCC), and performed well to remove heavy metals and residual oil from palm oil mill effluent (POME) using continuous adsorption studies in a fixed bed column under different bed heights. Thomas and Yoonâ€“Nelson models were applied to predict the breakthrough curve and to compute the characteristic parameters such as maximum capacity and the time required for 50% of adsorbate breakthrough. It was found that the total removal percentage of iron ions, zinc ions, and residual oil were 26.75%, 76.74%, and 83% respectively at pH 3, and a bed height 27 cm. Both models can well describe the breakthrough curve of heavy metals and residual oil. These results indicated that AMCBCC can be used to remove heavy metals and residual oil from industrial wastewater. ABSTRAK: Kajian ini menyediakan tentang penjerap baharu iaitu alginat dan manik komposit bakau bersalut kitosan (AMCBCC), berfungsi menyingkirkan logam berat dan sisa minyak daripada efluen kilang minyak sawit (POME) dengan sempurna, menggunakan kajian penjerapan berterusan dalam lapisan lajur tetap pada ketinggian berbeza. Model Thomas dan Yoon-Nelson telah digunakan bagi meramal lengkungan terbaik dan mengira parameter cirian seperti keupayaan maksimum dan tempoh diperlukan bagi 50% lengkungan terbaik penjerap. Jumlah peratusan penyingkiran ion besi, ion zink, dan sisa minyak masing-masing sebanyak 26.75%, 76.74%, danÂ 83% pada pH 3, dan pada ketinggian lapisan 27 cm. Kedua-dua model mampu menggambarkan lengkungan terbaik bagi logam berat dan sisa minyak dengan sempurna. Dapatan ini menunjukkan AMCBCC sesuai digunakan bagi menyingkirkan logam berat dan sisa minyak daripada air sisa industri.
OXIDATIVE STRESS IN THE PATIENTS WITH CKD V STAGE AND ANEMIA WHO RECEIVE REPLACEMENT HEMODIALYSIS THARAPY
Authors: Krutikov E. S. , Polishchuk T. F. , Polskaya L. V. , Shakhnazarov A. A. 
Published: June 2018

The article presents research data of oxidative stress role in the pathogenesis of anemia in patients with CKD V stage, who receive hemodialysis replacement therapy.
Background. Oxidative stress is a part of the pathogenesis of many complications in patients with CKD stage V on replacement therapy with hemodialysis. Anemia syndrome is the most frequent complication of this patient`s population.
Aim. The aim of this study was to study indicators of oxidative stress in patients with CKD stage V and anemia on replacement therapy with hemodialysis.
Materials and methods. We studied laboratory parameters in 42 hemodialysis patients with CKD V stage. Biochemical methods are used for investigation of lipid peroxidation processes: studied diene conjugates (DC), malondialdehyde (MDA), total lipids and catalase, lipid’s structure of erythrocytes membranes and their osmotic resistance.
Results. We found that in dialysis patients anemic syndrome was associated with high activity of oxidative stress. Also increased destruction of red blood cells depends from high activity of oxidative stress. In the blood of the patients concentration of DC was 1,12±0,26 opt.den.units/ mg of lipids (p<0,01), and MDA level 0,35±0,05 opt.den.units/ mg of lipids (p<0,01). Levels of catalase, decreased to 0,029±0,0019 mm/l*sec (p<0,001). Also osmotic resistance of erythrocytes significantly decreased. MDA has inverse correlation relationship with hemoglobin in the blood, with a correlation coefficient r=-0,36. Investigation of erythrocyte membrane lipid structure of patients by TLC showed a significant decrease of phospholipids and monoglycerides of higher fatty acids, and the increase of cholesterol fractions.
Conclusions. In patients with chronic kidney disease on dialysis replacement therapy anemic syndrome is associated with high activity of oxidative stress, as there is an inverse relationship between the level of hemoglobin and the content of MDA in blood. As a consequence of oxidative stress changes the lipid composition of erythrocyte membranes of the patient, because some fraction of lipids are substrates for oxidative processes. Impairment of lipid membranes of red blood cells of hemodialysis patients is one of the probably causes of anemia.