bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medical collections today
Authors: Toomsalu Maie , Randjärv Pille 
Published: June 2018

In 1890 Professor of Anatomy August Antonius Rauber founded a museum of anatomy at the Old Anatomical Theatre in Tartu (Dorpat) in order to illustrate his lectures and to improve the students’ knowledge. As Rauber lectured in German, but most students were Russians, illustrating lectures with models and original specimens was of great significance. Unfortunately, a great number of exhibits of Rauber’s museum, although not all, have been lost in wars. In 1999, the institutes moved from the Old and New Anatomical The atres to the new building of Biomedicum. This, however, could not accommodate the collection of pathological anatomy which had been collected over 200 years, and it remained in the Old Anatomical Theatre. The Club of Friends of the Old Anatomical Theatre succeeded in writing a project to keep the Old Anatomical Theatre and the excellent collection of pathological anatomy alive.
In September 2005, a medical exhibition was opened in the same Old Anatomical Theatre again, now under the name of the Medical Collections of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Tartu. The exhibition also acquired a number of new functions.
During 2011, the Medical Collections of the Faculty of Medicine cooperated with the Estonian Sports Museum, and the collections were displayed in their exhibition hall.
In 2012, the medical exhibition moved to the premises of the Science Centre AHHAA, and since then, educational programmes have been developed.
Haloperidol for delirium tremens as an adjunct treatment to benzodiazepines: experience of a hospital alcohol team
Authors: Booth Elizabeth Jane , Singh Salil , Blackwell Rebecca , Liggett Nicola , Osborne Samantha , Moriarty Kieran 
Published: June 2018

Background: Refractory delirium tremens that does not respond to benzodiazepines is a rare and difficult to manage disorder. Haloperidol is recommended as an adjunct to benzodiazepines in these cases; however, there is little published evidence to support this practice. Aims: This study aims to illustrate the real-life use of haloperidol as an adjunct to treat delirium tremens by a multidisciplinary alcohol team. Methods: A retrospective case series was conducted of twenty patients treated for delirium tremens over the course of a year. Findings: Practice around prescribing and administering haloperidol varied, but in this context the approach was both safe and useful. Conclusion: Haloperidol as an adjunct to benzodiazepines would be useful in other clinical scenarios where patients are not benefitting from benzodiazepines; however, this should be used on an individual basis and overseen by specialists.
Prevalence of skin tears among frail older adults living in Canadian long-term care facilities
Authors: Woo Kevin , LeBlanc Kim 
Published: June 2018

Objectives: To explore the prevalence of skin tears in the Canadian long-term care (LTC) population. Subjects and setting: The setting included 678 residents residing in four LTC facilities in western Canada. Design: A cross-sectional prevalence study to establish the prevalence of skin tears in four LTC facilities in Canada. Results: The prevalence of skin tears was 14.7%. Primary associated risk factors included advanced age, being male and having an increased pressure ulcer risk. Conclusion: This study was an important step in establishing the burden of skin tears in the Canadian LTC population. Findings supported the International Skin Tear Advisory Panel (ISTAP) risk reduction programme's claim that increases in age and being of the male sex increase the risk for skin tears. The results support a possible link between skin tear risk factors and risk factors associated with pressure ulcers.
LIM Control Strategy Supported by Genetic Algorithm with Unbalanced AC Source
Authors: Garcia Soares Matheus , Bernardino Almeida Junior Afonso , Berger Canuto Alves Thiago , Martins Neto Luciano 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis work presents the improvement of an open loop control strategy for linear induction motors operating at low speeds. The improvement is provided through the application of genetic algorithms in determining unbalance factors of the supply voltages of the linear motor. For this, a computational model of the linear motor was used as the evaluation function. The computational model was developed based on the equations of the linearized induction motor. The proposed methodology is validated through the comparison between computational results and experimental data performed in a linear motor prototype. This methodology allows to evaluate the influence of the unbalance of the supply voltages for linear motors working at low speeds.
Börsengeschichte – Einführung
Authors: Burhop Carsten , Lehmann-Hasemeyer Sibylle 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
In this introduction, we review the state of the art of stock market history in Germany and preview the main findings of the articles published in this special issue. In Germany, scholars have long focused on institutional aspects of stock market history. Yet, starting in the late 1990s, quantitative work also started to take-off. Some of the articles published in this special issue go further down this road. Moreover, several of the following papers deal with the history of German stock markets during the interwar period, a period so far neglected by research.
Zielkonflikte bei Aktienerstemissionen?
Authors: Gehlen Boris 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The law & finance literature often assumes that financial institutions in Germany, especially in the stock market, were less workable than for example in the U.S. or Great Britain due to extensive state regulation. This article analyses the regulation and admission to listing practices for (initial) public offerings in Germany from 1870 to 1932. It argues, by contrast, that state regulation in the German stock market largely enabled self-regulation and that a closer look at market practices indicates that the written law only offered a framework and left the stock exchanges great scope for manoeuvre. In the end, the German regulatory system came close to what law & finance literature describes as a most efficient market order.
Börsenzulassungsstellen, Reichsregierung und die (Selbst-)Regulierung der Mehrstimmrechtsaktie, 1919-1937
Authors: Selgert Felix 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The German system of corporate governance changed considerably after the end of the Great War. This change was, among other things, marked by the rise of shares with multiple voting rights, often concentrated in the hands of incumbent business leaders. The development was publicly criticized by the promoters of a more equal corporate constitution and led the Imperial government as well as stock exchanges to consider reform. The article traces this debate based on source material from the Bundesarchiv and the Geheimes Staatsarchiv Preußischer Kulturbesitz. In doing so, I find that, contrary to John Coffee’s claim, public regulation followed the practice of private regulation until the late 1920s but that the latter was dismissed as a role model during the Great Depression. The quantitative evidence furthermore shows that public as well as private actors achieved their regulatory targets. Yet, these targets did not include the full removal of shares with multiple voting rights.
Reichstag Connections in Pre- and Interwar Germany
Authors: Opitz Alexander 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This article documents widespread connections between stock companies and active or retired politicians in Germany during two distinct political regimes: constitutional monarchy and democracy. These differed largely regarding possible channels of influence, along with the power of the parliament. Despite the theoretical differences, the overall share of connected firms is approximately the same, implying that linking up with the Reichstag was already attractive in Imperial times. Moreover, the prevalence of political connections varied largely between sectors and political parties.
How Does the Public Perceive Alliances?
Authors: Jopp Tobias A. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
World War I was fought by numerous countries siding together as the Central Powers and, respectively, the Allied Powers. The former began with the German Empire and Austria-Hungary and grew to four allies when the Ottoman Empire entered the scene in late 1914 and Bulgaria in late 1915; the latter centred on the alliance between England, France, and Russia and was informally extended to many more countries as they entered into the war ad-hoc by signalling common interests with the core Allied Powers. This article addresses a neglected dimension of the alliance formation phenomenon, namely how alliances were perceived by the public, in contrast to the perceptions of political and military leaders. Were the Central and Allied Powers perceived to be credible alliances – monolithic blocks – in the eyes of contemporaries? We seek to determine the degree of “alliance integration” among pairs of countries by applying cointegration analysis based on prices for securities. It is assumed that the prices of countries perceived as “integrated” should show signs of co-movement. In particular, we focus on the Amsterdam market for foreign government bonds providing us with a neutral perspective. Our analysis is based on the yields for representative bonds traded by 13 belligerent countries not only during the war, but also before and after. Among other findings, we cannot corroborate that investors simply recognized two monolithic blocks fighting the war against each other.
“A Chinese Wall along our Eastern Border” – Allied Occupation Policy in Germany and its Consequences for Dutch-German Trade Relations, 1945-1949
Authors: Lak Martijn 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
After the unconditional surrender of the Third Reich in May 1945, Germany no longer existed as a sovereign, independent nation. It was occupied by the four Allied powers: France, Great Britain, the United States and the Soviet Union. When it came to the postwar European recovery, the biggest obstacle was that the economy in Germany, the dominant continental economic power before the Second World War, was at an almost complete standstill. This not only had severe consequences for Germany itself, but also had strong economic repercussions for surrounding countries, especially the Netherlands. As Germany had been the former’s most important trading partner since the middle of the nineteenth century, it was clear that the Netherlands would be unable to recover economically without a healthy Germany. However, Allied policy, especially that of the British and the Americans, made this impossible for years. This article therefore focuses on the early postwar Dutch-German trade relations and the consequences of Allied policy. While much has been written about the occupation of Germany, far less attention has been paid to the results of this policy on neighbouring countries. Moreover, the main claim of this article is that it was not Marshall Aid which was responsible for the quick and remarkable Dutch economic growth as of 1949, but the opening of the German market for Dutch exports that same year.
Opting Out of “Global Constitutionalism”
Authors: Hirschl Ran 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Much has been written about the global convergence on constitutional supremacy. Yet, a closer look suggests that while constitutional convergence trends are undoubtedly extensive and readily visible, expressions of constitutional resistance or defiance may in fact be regaining ground worldwide. This may point to a paradox embedded in global constitutionalism: the more expansive constitutional convergence trends are, the greater the likelihood of dissent and resistance are. In this article, I chart the contours of three aversive responses to constitutional convergence: neo-secessionism, nullification, and deference to local authority, and draw on an array of comparative examples to illustrate the distinct logic and characteristics of each of these responses. Taken together, these increasingly common expressions of defiance provide ample evidence that global constitutionalism is not the only game in town. Neo-secessionism, nullification, and other forms of constitutional dissent and “opting out” may thus be viewed as a reaction against the centralization of authority and the decline of the local in an increasingly—constitutionally and otherwise—universalized reality.
The Reductionism of Global Models of Constitutional Rights
Authors: MacDonnell Vanessa 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
In this Article I argue that the reductionism of global models of constitutional rights is problematic. Despite how they are labelled, these theories are typically modelled on the domestic constitutional law of an exclusive group of Western countries. The criteria for selecting these countries are not usually clearly or satisfactorily articulated. They then go on to present a simplistic version of the domestic constitutional law of the countries they are describing. The combined effect of these analytic moves raises questions about what is lost in the process, and in particular, whether these frameworks allow for adequate recognition of the claims of those seeking – and achieving – social change within a constitutional democracy. Drawing on insights from critical legal studies, and in particular scholars who seek the decolonization of constitutional law, I argue that the utility of global theories of constitutional rights depends on their ability to recognize and give voice to the forces of social change. Otherwise, they risk being descriptively inaccurate and even damaging to the broader causes they seek to advance.
The Value of Robustness: Promotion or Protection?
Authors: Ferguson Benjamin 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Philip Pettit has argued that the goods of attachment, virtue, and respect are robust goods in the sense that they require both the actual provision of certain benefits and the modally robust provision of these benefits. He also claims that we value the robustness of these goods because it diminishes our vulnerability to others. I question whether robustness really reduces vulnerability and argue that even if it does, vulnerability reduction is not the reason we value robustness. In place of Pettit’s account, I defend a promotional account of the value of robustness. I argue that we value robustness because it increases the probability we will enjoy a certain kind of benefit.
The Charitable Bonds of the Spanish Empire: the Casa De Contratación as an Institution of Charity
Authors: McClure Julia 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
In the sixteenth century Spain developed Europe’s first global empire, an empire underpinned by the beliefs and structures of Catholicism, and driven by pursuits of God and of gold. The Casa de Contratación became the commercial and administrative hub of the Spanish Empire, a position which made it an important node in the network of the charitable spiritual economy. This article will show that charity was an important part of the daily business of the Casa de Contratación and that this charity was important to the fabric of the Spanish Empire in three ways. Firstly, charity is a mechanism for maintaining social order and the crown used the Casa de Contratación to give a benevolent face to empire and prevent unrest. Secondly, the bonds of charity were at the foundation of Christian communities, and by administering long-range charity the Casa de Contratación helped to maintain these communities across the empire, forming the new global Catholic communities of the Spanish Empire. Thirdly, the Casa de Contratación provided a legal framework for people within the empire to claim that they were poor and access resources by requesting different types of charity.
Reading for your Life: The Impact of Reading and Writing During the Siege of Sarajevo
Authors: Ornat Natalie 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
In the spring of 1992, the city of Sarajevo was surrounded by nationalist Serb troops and bombarded with shells, bullets, and terror for four long years. Isolated from the world, Sarajevans found a refuge and a freedom that took them beyond their circumstances: they read, they wrote, and they survived. This paper examines how these activities impacted the mental, physical, and spiritual survival of Sarajevans during the war. Diaries, memoirs, personal histories, letter collections, and oral histories are analyzed for what they may reveal about the value of reading and writing during this time of crisis. What we learn from these accounts is that even during the most trying times, activities such as reading and writing give us a space for control and self-preservation. This paper strives to learn about the power of literacy and writing from those who faced adversity in war-torn Sarajevo.
Matching Acoustical Properties and Native Perceptual Assessments of L2 Speech
Authors: Burgos Pepi , Hout Roeland van , Planken Brigitte 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis article analyses the acoustical properties of Dutch vowels produced by adult Spanish learners and investigates how these vowels are perceived by non-expert native Dutch listeners. Statistical vowel classifications obtained from the acoustical properties of the learner vowel realizations were compared to vowel classifications provided by native Dutch listeners. Both types of classifications were affected by the specific set of vowels included as stimuli, an effect caused by the large variability in Spanish learners’ vowel realizations. While there were matches between the two types of classifications, shifts were noted within and between production and perception, depending on the vowel and vowel features. We considered the variability between Spanish learners further by investigating individual patterns in the production and perception data, and linking these to the learners’ proficiency level and multilingual background. We conclude that integrating production and perception data provides valuable insights into the role of different features in adult L2 learning, and how their properties actively interact in the way L2 speech is perceived. A second conclusion is that adaptive mechanisms, signalled by boundary shifts and useful in coping with variability of non-native vowel stimuli, play a role in both statistical vowel classifications (production) and human vowel recognition (perception).
Telling the difference: linguistic differentiation and identity in Guillem de Berguedà, Giacomo da Lentini and Bonifacio Calvo
Authors: Murray David 
Published: June 2018

AbstractEditorial practice in literary traditions still dominated by neo-Lachmannian philology remains focussed on the establishment of the text as the medieval author knew it himself. For adherents of this method, the influence of “foreign” languages is labelled as a contamination that should, if possible, be removed as unauthentic. This article proposes a less doctrinaire practice and demonstrates its fruits when brought to bear at the interstices of literary history and Romance philology, as represented by poems by Guillem de Berguedà, Giacomo da Lentini, and Bonifacio Calvo. Approaching both medieval poets and their modern editors in the light of Derrida’s Le monolinguisme de l’autre, the present contribution counters the tendency to impose linguistic and cultural identities on medieval authors, instead allowing their manuscripts to speak for themselves. It further considers the thinking of medieval poets and their transmitters on the nature of language and lyric poetry, and how these systems could and should be used and developed.
El nombre de pila español en los albores del Siglo de Oro (a propósito del Libro de los baptizados en esta Santa Iglesia de Sevilla)
Authors: Rodríguez-Toro José-Javier 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis paper presents the results of the study of the use of first names in the oldest parish register of the Cathedral of Seville (Iglesia del Sagrario). The baptismal certificates —of newborns and also non-Christian slaves— contained in the Libro de los baptizados en esta Santa Iglesia de Sevilla are dated between January 1, 1515 and the March 3, 1524. The study focuses on the relative frequency of the names of newborns and slaves, but is also trying to find out the reasons for the choice of the names (geographical origin, social status).
Arabismi latino medievali negli atti notarili genovesi del mar Nero
Authors: Schweickard Wolfgang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractGenoa was involved since the 13th century in the commercial activities in the region around the Black Sea (Caffa, Pera, Kiliya, etc.). Numerous texts of that time written in Latin (especially old notarial records) have survived to our days. As the region was a melting pot of traders and travelers from East and West, the sources also contain some interesting lexical borrowings from Arabic. The present article illustrates this phenomenon on the basis of selected examples from the edition of Gheorghe Ioan Brătianu (Actes des notaires Génois de Péra et de Caffa de la fin du treizième siècle, Bucarest, Cultura naţională, 1927) which so far has not yet been taken into account in linguistic research.
Are There Differences in Elite Youth Soccer Player Work Rate Profiles in Congested vs. Regular Match Schedules?
Authors: Zanetti Vinicius , Carling Christopher , Aoki Marcelo S. , Bradley Paul S. , Moreira Alexandre 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Zanetti, V, Carling, C, Aoki, MS, Bradley, PS, and Moreira, A. Are there differences in elite youth soccer player work rate profiles in congested vs. regular match schedules? J Strength Cond Res 35(2): 473–480, 2021—Official international tournaments in which youth soccer players participate can involve very congested schedules. Yet, no information regarding physical and technical match performance during congested vs. regular (noncongested) cycles is available. In this study, accelerations, decelerations, mean metabolic power (MP), and technical performance (offensive and defensive variables) were compared across very congested match (VCM; 10 international matches played over 3 successive days, including 2 days with 2 consecutive matches separated by a 4- to 5-hour interval) and 10 regular (noncongested match [NCM]) match periods in elite male Under 15 (U15, n = 11) and Under 17 (U17, n = 13) soccer players. Players wore a 15-Hz Global Positioning System unit with a 100-Hz triaxial accelerometer. The session rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were assessed 30 minutes after match. Results showed a higher number of accelerations per minute observed in VCM vs. NCM (U15; 2.27 ± 0.35 vs. 2.12 ± 0.23; effect size [ES] = 0.49; U17; 2.27 ± 0.41 vs. 2.01 ± 0.31; ES = 0.69). Decelerations per minute were higher during VCM (U15; 1.99 ± 0.27 vs. 1.84 ± 0.25; ES = 0.55; and U17; 1.98 ± 0.35 vs. 1.80 ± 0.27; ES = 0.56). Mean MP was higher in the VCM (U15; 0.42 ± 0.06 vs. 0.37 ± 0.02; ES = 1.08; U17; 0.46 ± 0.03 vs. 0.30 ± 0.03; ES = 1.94). Technical actions per minute were higher in the VCM for U17 (ES = 1.60 and 1.37, for offensive and defensive performance, respectively) but lower (during VCM) for U15 (ES = 3.59 and 0.28, for offensive and defensive performance). U15 reported a higher session RPE in the VCM (7.9 ± 0.5 AUs vs. 6.9 ± 0.5 AUs). The findings suggest that running activity in these youth players was unaffected overall in tournaments with congested schedules, and that the intensity of match-play was actually greater than in regular match schedules.