bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis and management of intraoperative and early postoperative complications of bag‐in‐the‐lens intraocular lens implantation in different age groups of paediatric cataract patients: report of the Giessen Paediatric Cataract Study Group
Authors: Lytvynchuk Lyubomyr M. , Thiele Maximilian V. , Lorenz Birgit 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPurposeTo report the rate and management of intra‐ and early postoperative complications of bag‐in‐the‐lens intraocular lens (IOL) implantation technique for cataract treatment in paediatric patients of different age groups.SettingsDepartment of Ophthalmology, Justus‐Liebig‐University Giessen, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg GmbH, Campus Giessen, Giessen, Germany.DesignRetrospective non‐randomized consecutive case series.MethodsNinety eyes of 60 paediatric cataract patients were enrolled to this retrospective non‐randomized observational consecutive case series single‐centre study. All patients underwent cataract surgery with bag‐in‐the‐lens IOL implantation between January 2008 and December 2018, performed by two experienced surgeons. The entire cohort was divided into four age groups: first – 0–<3 months, second – 3–<12 months, third – 12–<36 and fourth – >36 months–17 years of age. The intra‐ and postoperative complications were based on the clinical records. The description of management of complications related specifically to bag‐in‐the‐lens IOL technique was based on the 39 consecutive cases operated since 1 Jan 2016 by one single surgeon that were all video documented. The early postoperative period was defined as 12 months after surgery.ResultsOverall, there were 27 unilateral and 33 bilateral surgical cases of 24 female and 36 male children. The mean age at surgery was 45.25 months (range 1–200 months). The most common intraoperative events were vitreous prolapse and anterior capsule rupture with 28.9% and 13.3%, respectively. Within 12 months of follow‐up, five eyes (5.6%) were re‐operated because of visual axis reo‐pacification (VAR). Intraocular hypertension was diagnosed in seven eyes (7.8%), including two cases that required surgical treatment. In all cases with intra‐ and early postoperative complications related specifically to bag‐in‐the‐lens technique, it was possible to manage them and successfully implant bag‐in‐the‐lens IOL.ConclusionsImplementation of bag‐in‐the‐lens technique in the treatment of paediatric cataract was associated with a relatively low rate of intra‐ and postoperative complications, including rare cases of VAR. The correct management of complications related specifically to bag‐in‐the‐lens IOL implantation technique shall to be considered during the learning curve.
Disorganization of retinal inner layers as a biomarker in patients with diabetic macular oedema treated with dexamethasone implant
Authors: Zur Dinah , Iglicki Matias , Sala‐Puigdollers Anna , Chhablani Jay , Lupidi Marco , Fraser‐Bell Samantha , Mendes Thais Sousa , Chaikitmongkol Voraporn , Cebeci Zafer , Dollberg Dolev , Busch Catharina , Invernizzi Alessandro , Habot‐Wilner Zohar , Loewenstein Anat ,   the International Retina Group (IRG)
Published: August 2019

AbstractPurposeTo investigate disorganization of retinal inner layers (DRIL) as a biomarker in eyes with diabetic macular oedema (DME) treated by intravitreal dexamethasone (DEX) implant.MethodsMulticentre, retrospective study including eyes with DME treated with DEX implant and follow‐up of 12 months after the first injection. OCT scans were evaluated for the presence of DRIL and other structural features. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central subfield thickness (CST) were recorded at baseline and at 2, 4, 6 and 12 months after treatment. Correlation between DRIL at baseline and outcomes after DEX treatment and the change in DRIL were analysed.ResultsA total of 177 eyes (177 patients; naïve, n = 131; refractory, n = 46) were included. Patients without DRIL at baseline gained significantly more vision and enjoyed greater reduction in CST over 12 months (both p = 0.03). DRIL at the boundary between the ganglion cell‐inner plexiform complex and inner nuclear layer improved in 48/64 eyes (75%, p < 0.001), while DRIL between the inner nuclear layer and outer plexiform layer improved in 27/77 eyes (35%, p = 0.004).ConclusionsThis is the first study to show that DEX implant has the potential to ameliorate DRIL. Patients without DRIL at baseline have a favourable outcome. DRIL may serve a robust biomarker in DME treated by DEX implant.
Non‐evidence‐based beliefs increase inequalities in the provision of infant‐ and family‐centred neonatal care
Authors: Mendizabal‐Espinosa Rosa Maria , Warren Inga 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimTo identify barriers that might explain why healthcare staff struggle to implement infant‐ and family‐centred developmental care programmes in two neonatal intensive care units in Mexico.MethodsEthnographic fieldwork over the course of 10 months examined interactions among healthcare professionals, parents and babies in two Mexican publicly funded hospitals. Data are drawn from interviews with 29 parents and 34 healthcare professionals and participant observations in the hospitals’ neonatal units.ResultsHealthcare professionals believed they acted in babies’ best interests by excluding parents from the neonatal unit. Professional frustration with working conditions seemed to be increased by the belief that parents were ignorant and unhygienic. Parents were perceived as a source of infection; in contrast, healthcare professionals failed to see themselves as a possible source of cross‐contamination.ConclusionsBeliefs and biases increase health inequalities when evidenced‐based measures to prevent cross‐infection and potentially life‐saving programmes, such as kangaroo mother care and breastfeeding, are not implemented. It is imperative to develop context‐appropriate education and practice guidelines to implement basic programmes.
Bladder/bowel dysfunction at school age is seen in children with high‐grade vesicoureteral reflux and lower urinary tract dysfunction in infancy
Authors: Sjöström Sofia , Ekdahl Helena , Abrahamsson Kate , Sillén Ulla 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimIn approximately one third of cases, congenital high‐grade vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) diagnosed during infancy is seen together with lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD), characterised by a high‐capacity bladder and incomplete emptying. In an earlier study, 20 of these infants were treated with clean intermittent catheterisation during a 3‐year period and with surgical treatment of the VUR before catheterisation was ended. In the present study, bladder function was evaluated in these children at school age.MethodsBladder function was evaluated in the 20 children at a mean age of 7.3 years using a validated voiding‐bowel questionnaire with scores (cut‐off score 7) and a urine flow/residual study.ResultsFour children (20%) had a normal voiding function at follow‐up, whereas 11 (55%) had a clear bladder/bowel dysfunction (scores 7‐19) and five (25%) had a mild dysfunction (score 6). Ten (63%) of the children with any dysfunction were recognised as dysfunctional voiding. Recurrent febrile urinary tract infections were correlated with the scores of faecal questions (P = .041), but for total scores P = .058.ConclusionThe follow‐up of bladder function in children at 7.3 years, diagnosed with high‐grade VUR and LUTD in infancy, revealed bladder/bowel dysfunction of varying severity in the majority of cases.
Endogenous testosterone determines metformin action on prolactin levels in hyperprolactinaemic men: A pilot study
Authors: Krysiak Robert , Szkróbka Witold , Okopień Bogusław 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMetformin was found to reduce elevated prolactin levels in women but not in men. The current study was aimed at investigating whether endogenous testosterone determines the impact of metformin on lactotroph function in men. This prospective case‐control study included 28 men with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus and mild or moderate hyperprolactinaemia, 14 of whom had low testosterone levels, while in the remaining 14 ones' testosterone levels were within the reference range. All participants received metformin (2.55‐3 g daily) for the following 4 months. Circulating levels of glucose, insulin, prolactin, testosterone, oestradiol, gonadotropins, sex hormone‐binding globulin adrenocorticotropic hormone, insulin‐like growth factor‐1, thyrotropin and free thyroid hormones were measured at the beginning and at the end of the study. Although metformin reduced plasma glucose levels and improved insulin sensitivity in both groups, this effect was stronger in participants with low testosterone levels. Only in patients with abnormally low testosterone levels, the drug decreased prolactin levels. This effect, which was accompanied by an increase in luteinizing hormone levels, was inversely correlated with baseline testosterone and calculated free testosterone levels, and positively with treatment‐induced improvement in insulin sensitivity. In both treatment groups, metformin produced a neutral effect on plasma levels of the remaining hormones. The obtained results suggest that endogenous testosterone may attenuate the impact of metformin on lactotropic cells.
Aspirin for the prevention and treatment of pre‐eclampsia: A matter of COX‐1 and/or COX‐2 inhibition?
Authors: Mirabito Colafella Katrina M. , Neuman Rugina I. , Visser Willy , Danser A. H. Jan , Versmissen Jorie 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSince the 1970s, we have known that aspirin can reduce the risk of pre‐eclampsia. However, the underlying mechanisms explaining this risk reduction are poorly understood. Both cyclooxygenase (COX)‐1‐ and COX‐2‐dependent effects might be involved. As a consequence of this knowledge hiatus, the optimal dose and timing of initiation of aspirin therapy are not clear. Here, we review how (COX‐1 versus COX‐2 inhibition) and when (prevention versus treatment) aspirin therapy may interfere with the mechanisms implicated in the pathogenesis of pre‐eclampsia. The available evidence suggests that both COX‐1‐ and COX‐2‐dependent effects play important roles in the early stage of aberrant placental development and in the next phase leading to the clinical syndrome of pre‐eclampsia. Collectively, these data suggest that high‐dose (dual COX inhibition) aspirin may be superior to standard low‐dose (selective COX‐1 inhibition) aspirin for the prevention and also treatment of pre‐eclampsia. Therefore, we conclude that more functional and biochemical tests are needed to unravel the contribution of prostanoids in the mechanisms implicated in the pathogenesis of pre‐eclampsia and the potential of dual COX and/or selective COX‐2 inhibition for the prevention and treatment of pre‐eclampsia. This information is vital if we are to deduce the suitability, optimal timing and dose of aspirin and/or a specific COX‐2 inhibitor (most likely using modified forms that do not cross the placenta) that can then be tested in a randomized, controlled trial instead of the current practice of empirical dosing regimens.
“Oh! Teleworking!” Regimes of engagement and the lived experience of female Spanish teleworkers
Authors: Gálvez Ana , Tirado Francisco , Alcaraz Jose M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis research explores female teleworkers' domestic and work experiences in their day‐to‐day lives. We draw on focus groups and interviews carried out in Spain and use thepragmatic regimes of engagementframework developed by Luc Boltanski and Laurent Thévenot to analyse them. Their model further develops contributions from post‐humanist discourse (specially from G. Deleuze, F. Guattari and A. Badiou) and from the so‐called “empirical ethics”. This allows us to explore important issues about the temporal‐spatial and material worlds that shape the daily lives of these women, their perceived agential capacities, and their moral and ethical considerations regarding telework. Our paper contributes to the existing critically oriented (qualitative, interpretative) body of work that examines teleworkers’ lived experience by providing and illustrating important clues for examining ethical issues on work–life balance and gender roles.
Guideline of guidelines: testosterone therapy for testosterone deficiency
Authors: Salter Carolyn A. , Mulhall John P. 
Published: August 2019

We analysed the guidelines for testosterone therapy (TTh) produced by major international medical societies including: the American Urological Association, European Association of Urology, American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, British Society for Sexual Medicine, Endocrine Society, International Society for Sexual Medicine, and the International Society for the Study of the Aging Male, and compared their recommendations.All the organisations were in general agreement concerning the following key points:

Only men meeting the criteria for testosterone deficiency (TD) should be treated.
Consider screening asymptomatic men with certain conditions that increase the risk of TD.
Exogenous TTh causes impairment of spermatogenesis.
There is no evidence that TTh causes prostate cancer.
Men on TTh require careful laboratory monitoring.
Scalp‐to‐cortex distance of left primary motor cortex and its computational head model: Implications for personalized neuromodulation
Authors: Lu Hanna , Lam Linda C. W. , Ning Yuping 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundNon‐invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) is increasingly used as a probe of function and therapeutics in experimental neuroscience and neurorehabilitation. Scalp‐to‐cortex distance (SCD), as a key parameter, has been shown to potentially impact on the electric field. This study aimed to examine the region‐specific SCD and its relationship with cognitive function in the context of age‐related brain atrophy.MethodsWe analyzed the SCD and cortical thickness (CT) of left primary motor cortex (M1) in 164 cognitively normal (CN) adults and 43 dementia patients drawn from the Open Access Series of Imaging Studies (OASIS). The degree of brain atrophy was measured by the volume of ventricular system. Computational head model was developed to simulate the impact of SCD on the electric field.ResultsIncreased SCD of left M1 was only found in dementia patients (P < .001). When considering CT, the ratio of SCD to CT (F = 27.41, P < .001) showed better differential value than SCD. The SCD of left M1 was associated with worse global cognition (r = −.207, P = .011) and enlarged third ventricle (r = .241, P < .001). The electric field was consequently reduced with the increased SCD across cognitively normal elderly and dementia groups.ConclusionsScalable distance measures, including SCD and CT, are markedly correlated with reduced electric field in dementia patients. The findings suggest that it is important to be aware of region‐specific distance measures when conducting NIBS‐based rehabilitation in individuals with brain atrophy.
Associations of obesity with antidiabetic medication use after living kidney donation: An analysis of linked national registry and pharmacy fill records
Authors: Lentine Krista L. , Koraishy Farrukh M. , Sarabu Nagaraju , Naik Abhijit S. , Lam Ngan N. , Garg Amit X. , Axelrod David , Zhang Zidong , Hess Gregory P. , Kasiske Bertram L. , Segev Dorry L. , Henderson Macey L. , Massie Allan B. , Holscher Courtenay M. , Schnitzler Mark A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe examined a novel linkage of national US donor registry data with records from a pharmacy claims warehouse (2007‐2016) to examine associations (adjusted hazard ratio, LCLaHRUCL) of post‐donation fills of antidiabetic medications (ADM, insulin or non‐insulin agents) with body mass index (BMI) at donation and other demographic and clinical factors. In 28 515 living kidney donors (LKDs), incidence of ADM use at 9 years rose in a graded manner with higher baseline BMI: underweight, 0.9%; normal weight, 2.1%; overweight, 3.5%; obese, 8.5%. Obesity was associated with higher risk of ADM use compared with normal BMI (aHR, 3.364.596.27). Metformin was the most commonly used ADM and was filled more often by obese than by normal weight donors (9‐year incidence, 6.87% vs 1.85%, aHR, 3.555.007.04). Insulin use was uncommon and did not differ significantly by BMI. Among a subgroup with BMI data at the 1‐year post‐donation anniversary (n = 19 528), compared with stable BMI, BMI increase >0.5 kg/m2 by year 1 was associated with increased risk of subsequent ADM use (aHR, 1.031.482.14, P = .04). While this study did not assess the impact of donation on the development of obesity, these data support that among LKD, obesity is a strong correlate of ADM use.
Odds of Acute Kidney Injury in Patients Receiving Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors: A National Cohort Study Within the Department of Veterans Affairs
Authors: Sutton S. Scott , Magagnoli Joseph , Cummings Tammy H. , Hardin James W. 
Published: August 2019

Preclinical and clinical data of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP‐4) inhibitors have demonstrated discordant data regarding acute kidney injury (AKI). Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the association between DPP‐4 use and AKI. This cohort study utilized data from the Department of Veterans Affairs evaluating patients diagnosed with type 2 (T2) diabetes with a DPP‐4 inhibitor and compared with nondiabetic and diabetic patients. The primary end point is the development of AKI, and statistical analyses were performed to examine the association. DPP‐4 use is associated with a lower odds of AKI compared with diabetics (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.39; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.32–0.48) and nondiabetics (OR = 0.64; 95% CI = 0.52–0.79). DPP‐4 use in patients with T2 diabetes mellitus is associated with lower odds of AKI within 120 days compared with nondiabetic and diabetic controls when adjusting for study covariates.
Prevalence of dentofacial injuries among combat sports practitioners: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Polmann Helena , Melo Gilberto , Conti Réus Jéssica , Domingos Fabio Luiz , de Souza Beatriz Dulcineia Mendes , Padilha Ana Clara , Duque Thais Mageste , Porporatti André Luís , Flores‐Mir Carlos , De Luca Canto Graziela 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackground/AimCombat sports might result in injuries to the face and teeth. However, it is unclear how often they occur and which sports presents the highest rates. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of dentofacial injuries in combat sports participants.Material and MethodsA systematic review was performed. Six main electronic databases and three grey literature databases were searched. Studies were blindly selected by two reviewers based on pre‐defined eligibility criteria. Studies that evaluated the prevalence of dentofacial injuries (teeth, alveolar bone, jaw, lips, and/or cheekbones) among combat sports participants were considered eligible. Risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist. The softwarerstatisticsversion was used to perform all meta‐analyses. Cumulative evidence of the included articles was evaluated using GRADE criteria (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation).ResultsFrom 1104 articles found on all databases, 27 were finally included. Eighteen studies were judged at low, seven at moderate, and two at high risk of bias. The following sports were investigated: boxing, capoeira, fencing, jiu‐jitsu, judo, karate, kendo, kickboxing, kung fu, muay thai, sumo, taekwondo, wrestling, and wushu. Results from the meta‐analysis suggested a dental pooled prevalence of 25.2% (12.3%‐40.8%,i2 = 100%) and dentofacial pooled prevalence of 30.3 (18.1%‐44.1%,i2 = 100%). Considering the sports' categories individually, jiu‐jitsu had the highest pooled prevalence of dentofacial injuries (52.9% [37.9%‐67.8%,i2 = 92%]), while judo was the sport with the lowest pooled prevalence (25.0% [7.6%‐48.2%,i2 = 98%]). Among Panamerican sports, boxing had the highest prevalence of dental injuries (73.7% [58.7%‐86.3%,i2 = 0%]). For dentofacial injuries, the GRADE criteria were considered low.ConclusionsOverall pooled prevalence of dentofacial injuries in combat sports was approximately 30%. Raising awareness regarding the frequency of these injuries might encourage the use of protective devices and reduce complications related to these incidents.
Neurobiology of resilience in depression: immune and vascular insights from human and animal studies
Authors: Dudek Katarzyna A. , Dion‐Albert Laurence , Kaufmann Fernanda Neutzling , Tuck Ellen , Lebel Manon , Menard Caroline 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is a chronic and recurrent psychiatric condition characterized by depressed mood, social isolation and anhedonia. It will affect 20% of individuals with considerable economic impacts. Unfortunately, 30–50% of depressed individuals are resistant to current antidepressant treatments. MDD is twice as prevalent in women and associated symptoms are different. Depression's main environmental risk factor is chronic stress, and women report higher levels of stress in daily life. However, not every stressed individual becomes depressed, highlighting the need to identify biological determinants of stress vulnerability but also resilience. Based on a reverse translational approach, rodent models of depression were developed to study the mechanisms underlying susceptibility vs resilience. Indeed, a subpopulation of animals can display coping mechanisms and a set of biological alterations leading to stress resilience. The aetiology of MDD is multifactorial and involves several physiological systems. Exacerbation of endocrine and immune responses from both innate and adaptive systems are observed in depressed individuals and mice exhibiting depression‐like behaviours. Increasing attention has been given to neurovascular health since higher prevalence of cardiovascular diseases is found in MDD patients and inflammatory conditions are associated with depression, treatment resistance and relapse. Here, we provide an overview of endocrine, immune and vascular changes associated with stress vulnerability vs. resilience in rodents and when available, in humans. Lack of treatment efficacy suggests that neuron‐centric treatments do not address important causal biological factors and better understanding of stress‐induced adaptations, including sex differences, could contribute to develop novel therapeutic strategies including personalized medicine approaches.