bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AGAMA DAN EKONOMI KAUM TERTINDAS
Authors: Yunus Muh. 
Published: May 2018

<p>As what Weber and Mc. Lelland view, it is assumed that values in certain religion and culture are believed to be able to influence the followers' behavior which are implied on the economic growth. Although indirectly they influence the economic development. Although Islam teaches about the work culture, the relity shows that Indonesian econmy has been well-develop yet. Religion (Islam) as Weber critisizes, does not result in capitalism industrialization as the motivator of economic development because the culture is in line with The Spirit of Capitalism. It is different from Calvinism; its theology is able to move the economy development of its followers. Therefore, the Moslems' problem of economic decrease has to be solved with a right strategy. In this paper, the strategy used to solve the problem is macro analysis through the model of M. Chapra' s cycle theory.</p><p> </p><p>Seperti apa Weber dan Mc. Pandangan lelland, diasumsikan bahwa nilai-nilai dalam agama dan budaya tertentu diyakini dapat mempengaruhi perilaku pengikut yang tersirat pada pertumbuhan ekonomi. Meski secara tidak langsung mereka mempengaruhi perkembangan ekonomi. Meskipun Islam mengajarkan tentang budaya kerja, relitas menunjukkan bahwa ekonmy Indonesia telah berkembang dengan baik. Agama (Islam) seperti yang dikemukakan Weber, tidak mengakibatkan industrialisasi kapitalisme sebagai motivator pembangunan ekonomi karena budayanya sejalan dengan The Spirit of Capitalism. Hal ini berbeda dengan Calvinisme; Teologinya mampu menggerakkan perkembangan ekonomi para pengikutnya. Oleh karena itu, masalah penurunan ekonomi umat Islam harus dipecahkan dengan strategi yang tepat. Dalam tulisan ini, strategi yang digunakan untuk memecahkan masalah adalah analisis makro melalui model teori siklus M. Chapra. </p>
TINGKAT KECERDASAN MAHASISWA DITINJAU DARI PERBEDAAN FAKULTAS DI LINGKUNGAN UIN MALANG
Authors: Mangestuti Retno 
Published: May 2018

<p class="Bodytext20">The aim of this research is to identify the difference of Intelligent Quotient (IQ), Emotional Intelligence (El), Spiritual Intelligence (SI) among students of UIN Malang. The subjects were 304 students of Islamic State University in Malang, using proportional random sampling technique. The instruments used in this research are IQ test and psychological scale. Psychological scales cover spiritual intelligence scale, emotional intelligence scale, and aggressivity scale. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance with SPSS version 10.0 for windows. The research result show: that there is significant difference among students from all faculties in UIN Malang on IQ. However, there is no significant difference on EI and SI. Students of science and technology faculty got the highest average score on IQ which can be the result of the academic exposure they received. In addition, it can be inferred that the conducive academic atmosphere may affect the difference of student’s academic performance.</p><p class="Bodytext20"> </p><p class="Bodytext20">Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan Intelligent Quotient (IQ), Emotional Intelligence (El), Spiritual Intelligence (SI) diantara siswa UIN Malang. Subjek penelitian adalah 304 siswa Universitas Negeri Islam di Malang, dengan menggunakan teknik proportional random sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tes IQ dan skala psikologis. Skala psikologis meliputi skala kecerdasan spiritual, skala kecerdasan emosional, dan skala agresivitas. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis varians dengan SPSS versi 10.0 for windows. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara siswa dari semua fakultas di UIN Malang dengan IQ. Namun, tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan pada EI dan SI. Mahasiswa fakultas sains dan teknologi mendapat nilai rata-rata IQ tertinggi yang bisa menjadi hasil paparan akademis yang mereka dapatkan. Selain itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa atmosfir akademik yang kondusif dapat mempengaruhi perbedaan prestasi akademik siswa.</p>
SISTEM INFORMASI AKUNTANSI (SIA) DALAM PERSPEKTIF AGENCY THEORY
Authors: Alamsyah Ahmad Fahrudin 
Published: May 2018

<p class="Bodytext40"><span lang="EN-GB">Since agency theory was found in 1970<sup>th</sup> by US accounting experts, the reliability of accountancy role as information media for people outside company was questioned. Agency theory explaining risk problem between principals and agents resulting from cooperation between principals and agents frequently discusses the role of accounting information as relating media between both sides. Although agents have the real and complete information on the operational and performance of the company, they would not expose </span><span>them</span><span lang="EN-GB"> wholly to the principals. It is due to several factors such as information display, the management requirement to uncover any weakness, and time </span><span>allotted</span><span lang="EN-GB">. As a result, it brings the insight discrepancy between principals and agents and the information difference (</span><span>assymetric</span><span lang="EN-GB">) of agents that make them often report invalid information to earn expected advantages. This moral hazard urges the principals to implement controlling system to watch management behavior as trustable</span><span class="Bodytext44ptNotItalic"><span lang="EN-GB"> (</span></span><span lang="EN-GB">amanah) holders.</span></p><p class="Bodytext40"> </p><p class="Bodytext40">Sejak teori keagenan ditemukan pada tahun 1970 oleh ahli akuntansi AS, keandalan peran akuntansi sebagai media informasi bagi orang-orang di luar perusahaan dipertanyakan. Teori agensi yang menjelaskan masalah risiko antara pelaku dan agen akibat kerja sama antara pelaku dan agen sering membahas peran informasi akuntansi sebagai media yang saling terkait antara kedua belah pihak. Meskipun agen memiliki informasi yang nyata dan lengkap tentang operasional dan kinerja perusahaan, walaupun agen tersebut tidak akan mengekspos mereka sepenuhnya kepada prinsipal. Hal ini disebabkan beberapa faktor seperti tampilan informasi, persyaratan manajemen untuk mengungkap kelemahan, dan waktu yang dialokasikan. Akibatnya, hal itu membawa perbedaan wawasan antara pelaku dan agen dan perbedaan informasi (asimetris) yang membuat mereka sering melaporkan informasi yang tidak benar untuk mendapatkan keuntungan yang diharapkan. Bahaya moral ini mendesak para pelaku untuk menerapkan sistem pengendalian untuk mengawasi perilaku manajemen sebagai pemegang amanah.</p>
AL-MUKHADARAT FI NAZHR AL-ISLAM
Authors: Suwandi Suwandi 
Published: May 2018

<p>The presence of narcotics in Islamic world is considered new. Alquran and Hadis do not textually discuss this dangerous thing. Even, there is no indication of restriction of its plant. The term “khomr” is indeed mentioned both in Alquran and Hadis but the definition becomes limited when <em>ulama</em> (specifically <em>ulama</em> in certain <em>mazhab</em>) defines it as something liquid. Some <em>ulama</em>, excessively, delimitate <em>khomr</em> merely as a kind of drink made of grape extract. Narcotics were then known in Islam in the first 6<sup>th</sup> century when Tatar people colonized and wanted to dominate Moslem society. At that time, common people in Moslem society were influenced in consuming narcotics. After that, number of ulama discussed the law which in fact has harmfully intoxicated (<em>iskar</em>) effect more than <em>khomr</em>. Just then, ulama agreed to forbide (haram) it in the way of <em>kiyas</em> over <em>khomr</em>. The level of its prohibition was also varied based on its <em>kiyas</em> mechanism which is used in the investigation by the authoritative parties.</p><p> </p><p>Kehadiran markotika di dunia Islam merupakan hal baru. Alquran dan Hadis secara tekstual tidak membahas barang yang sangat berbahaya ini secara langsung. Bahkan tidak ada indikasi diharamkannya sebuah tanaman atau tumbuhan pada keduanya. Istilah khomer memang disebutkan, baik di dalam Alquran maupun Hadis. Namun pengertian khomer tersebut akhirnya menjadi sempit tatkala para ulama khususnya ulama mazhab mengartikan sebagai sesuatu yang cair. Bahkan secara ekstrim sebagian ulama mazhab tersebut membatasi bahwa yang dimaksudkan dengan khomer adalah minuman yang terbuat dari sari anggur saja. Narkotika baru dikenal di dunia Islam kira-kira awal abad keenam, yaitu ketika bangsa Tatar menjajah dan ingin menguasai kaum muslimin. Pada waktu itulah orang-orang awam dari kalangan kaum muslimin terpengaruh mengkonsumsi narkotika. Baru setelah itu para ulama membicarakan dan membahas hukumnya yang ternyata efek <em>iskar</em> (memabukkannya) kebih berat dan lebih berbahaya dari khomer. Maka, ulama sepakat akan keharamannya dengan jalan kiyas terhadap khomer. Tingkat keharamannya pun akhirnya bervariatif sesuai mekanisme kiyas yang diberlakukan dalam penyidikan oleh yang berwenang.</p><p> </p>
THE SPREAD OF ARABIC LITERARY WORKS
Authors: Hamid M. Abdul , Ibrahim Lateef Onireti 
Published: May 2018

<p>The development and spread of Arabic literary works cannot be separated from the founder and its figures both from Arabic spoken-country and non-Arabic one. Syaikh Adam Abdullah al Ilori is one of the figures in Nigeria that has significant role in spreading Arabic literary works and at once educating the next generation as litterateur and the expert of Arabic literature in Nigeria. In line with the aim, there are five strategies developed by Syaikh Adam al Ilori; 1) memorization, b) direct teaching of Arabic literary works, c) teaching the principles of <em>aruud</em>, d) training to create the Arabic poems, and e) holding competition to encourage young poets. These five strategies are effective to be applied in Nigeria in aiming for spreading Arabic literature and creating the expert of it so that many writers were born in Nigeria such as Abu Bakar Umar, Roji Suliman, Abdul Baqi Syuaib, and many more.</p><p> </p><p>Perkembangan dan penyebaran karya sastra Arab tidak bisa dilepaskan dari para pelopor dan para tokohnya baik dari negara Arab sendiri maupun dari negara non Arab. Syaikh Adam Abdullah al Ilori adalah salah satu tokoh sastra Arab di Nigeria yang punya peran signifikan dalam penyebaran karya sastra Arab dan sekaligus mencetak generasi penerus sebagai sastrawan dan ahli di bidang sastra Arab di Nigeria. Dalam membentuk generasi sastrawan di bidang sastra Arab (syair), ada lima startegi yang dikembangkan Syaikh Adam al Ilori, yaitu a) dengan cara hafalan, b) mengajarkan karya-karya sastra Arab, c) mengajarkan kaidah-kaidah aruud, d) melatih membuat syair-syair Arab, e) mengadakan kontes-kontes pada momen-momen penting sebagai ajang kreativitas para penyair muda. Lima strategi ini sangat efektif digunakan di Nigeria dalam menyebarkan karya sastra Arab dan membentuk generasi yang ahli di bidang sastra Arab sehingga telah banyak melahirkan sastrawan-sastrawan di Nigeria yang ahli di bidang sastra Arab seperti: Abu Bakar Umar, Roji Suliman, Abdul Baqi Syuaib, dan lain sebagainya.</p>
AVALIAÇÃO DA TAXA DE COLONIZAÇÃO POR FUNGOS MICORRÍZICOS ARBUSCULARES EM SOLO EM CONSÓRCIO COM RESÍDUOS DE CORTE DE GRANITO E MACRÓFITAS AQUÁTICAS
Authors: Santos Rogério Pires 
Published: May 2018

Fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA), efetuam simbiose com raízes de plantas vasculares (micorriza), podem contribuir em processos de recuperação de áreas degradadas pelo seu potencial de extrair metais pesados do solo, elevar a tolerância das plantas a metais em locais contaminados além de contribuir para o crescimento das plantas. O presente trabalho objetivou verificar os efeitos do consorciamento de diferentes resíduos (granito) com macrófita aquática aguapé (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms) sobre aspectos químicos e microbiológicos de um Planosolo Háplico Solódico e o crescimento do capim pensacola (Paspalum notatum). O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação e constou de 3 tratamentos: solo de área amostral com três doses de resíduos de marmoraria (8, 16 e 32 t ha-1), combinadas com 8 t ha-1 de resíduos orgânicos (aguapé), além de um adicional, com solo de área de amostragem preservado, utilizado como referência, todos com três repetições por tratamento. Foram realizadas análises químicas e microbiológicas do solo, além de medidas de altura, massa seca e fresca da parte aérea e do sistema radicular das plantas. Os resultados indicam que os procedimentos com resíduos de granito e aguapé, contribuíram para proporcionar bons resultados para as condições microbiológicas, fator fundamental a correta sucessão ecológica, enquanto as gramíneas apresentaram o maior crescimento nos tratamentos em que foram adicionados maiores concentrações de resíduos de corte de granito.
Modeling water and salinity risks to viticulture under prolonged sustained deficit and saline water irrigation
Authors: Phogat V. , Cox J. W. , Šimůnek J. , Hayman P. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA numerical model (HYDRUS-1D) was used to evaluate the impacts of the long-term (2004–2015) use of sustained deficit irrigation (10% (D10%) and 20% (D20%) less than full), irrigations with increased water salinity (ECiw of 0.5 and 0.8 dS/m), 50% deficit irrigation during a drought period (DD50%), and DD50% coupled with an increased salinity of water (ECiw of 0.5 and 0.8 dS/m) on the water balance and salinity dynamics under grapevine in two soils at two locations with different climatic conditions. The results showed that D20% and DD50% significantly reduced water uptake and seasonal drainage (Dr) by the vines as compared to full irrigation. Vineyards established in light-textured soils showed two to five times larger drainage losses as compared to heavy-textured soils. The results revealed that the slight increase in the electrical conductivity of irrigation water (ECiw = 0.5 and 0.8 dS/m) increased the risks in terms of the amount of salts deposited in the soil and transport of large quantities of irrigation-induced salts beyond the root zone. Hence, it is imperative to monitor all of the important water, soil, and salinity drivers of agro-hydro-geological systems to understand the hydro-salinity dynamics and to ensure the long-term sustainability of irrigated viticulture.
Heat budget contribute rate in the Three Gorges Reservoir tributary bay between mainstream and tributary using stable isotope analysis
Authors: Cheng Yao , Wang Yuchun , Zhou Huaidong , Hu Mingming , Jiang Rong , Bao Yufei , Dang Chenghua 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Understanding the interaction processes between the mainstream and its tributaries and detailing the rates of contribution of water and heat from two different water bodies in the tributary bay are essential for water management in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR). The stable isotope ratios of hydrogen (δD) and oxygen (δ18O) were applied to explore the interactions between the TGR mainstream and the tributary, Zhuyi River. A heat budget of the TGR tributary bay was constructed for the year 2014 using data for water temperature, meteorological data and water mixing ratio. The results showed that approximately 91% of the water in the tributary bay was from the TGR mainstream. And the heat budget reveals that the tributary bay net heat flux is dominated by the mainstream advective heat, and the average contribution rate is 87% during the whole year, while the tributary advective heat and atmosphere make a minor contribution to the tributary bay heat budget.
The Effect of Dissolved Nutrients and Inorganic Suspended Solids on the Survival of E. coli in Seawater
Authors: Milne D. P. , Curran J. C. , Findlay J. S. , Crowther J. M. , Bennett J. , Wood B. J. B. 
Published: May 2018

The effect of dissolved nutrients and inorganic suspended solids on E. coli inactivation has been examined in laboratory experiments. The work employed artificial seawater with dissolved glucose and peptone, laboratory processed suspended solids and chemostat steady state E. coli cultures to establish the effect of these parameters on the viability of an E. coli population. Initial E. coli concentration was 5 × 103 100ml−1, the temperatures 5 °C and 20°C, the suspended solids concentration range was 0 - 100mgl−1, glucose concentration l.0mgl −1, peptone concentration 9.0mgl−1, salinity range 27 - 32‰ and the experimental vessels were shielded from light.
Previous work has shown that nutrient-free inorganic suspended solids, at low concentrations, markedly increased the survival of E. coli in seawater. The work presented here shows that the presence of dissolved nutrients greatly increased E. coli survival, in the absence of suspended solids. However at suspended solids concentrations of &gt;5 - 12mgl−1survival time was greatly reduced; thereafter increasing suspended solids concentration in the range &gt;12.5 - 100mgl−1, generally resulted in increasing survival times.
Transport of Microorganisms in the Underground – Processes, Experiments and Simulation Models
Authors: Teutsch G. , Herbold-Paschke K. , Tougianidou D. , Hahn T. , Botzenhart K. 
Published: May 2018

In this paper the major processes governing the persistence and underground transport of viruses and bacteria are reviewed in respect to their importance under naturally occurring conditions. In general, the simulation of the governing processes is based on the macroscopic mass-conservation equation with the addition of some filter and/or retardation factor and a decay coefficient, representing the natural “die-off” of the microorganisms. More advanced concepts try to incorporate growth and decay coefficients together with deposition and declogging factors. At present, none of the reported concepts has been seriously validated.
Due to the complexity of natural systems and the pathogenic properties of some of the microorganisms, experiments under controlled laboratory conditions are required. A laboratory setup is presented in which a great variety of natural conditions can be simulated. This comprises a set of 1 metre columns and an 8 metre stainless-steel flume with 24 sampling ports. The columns are easily filled and conditioned and therefore used to study the effects of different soil-microorganism combinations under various environmental conditions. In the artificial flume natural underground conditions are simulated using sand and gravel aquifer material from the river Neckar alluvium.
A first set of results from the laboratory experiments is presented together with preliminary model simulations. The large variety of observed breakthrough curves and recovery for the bacteria and viruses under investigation demonstrates the great uncertainty encountered in microbiological risk assessment.
Survival of Pathogenic Bacteria in an Adverse Environment
Authors: Barzily A. , Kott Y. 
Published: May 2018

It is known that pathogenic bacteria are sensitive to changes in environmental conditions.
This applies to Enterobacteriaeeae, as well, where optimum temperature is 37°C. Wastewater of various qualities are also hostile environments to these bacteria. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of temperature on the die-off of enteric bacteria in waste stabilization ponds at the temperature range 40-60°C. Survival of indicator microorganisms at the control pond effluent was higher than at increased temperature pond effluent (40°C, 50°C, 60°C). Survival percentages of the indicators at the elevated temperature pond compared to the control pond were 0.12% to 73.33%. The pathogenic bacteria Salmonella typhimurium and Shigella sonnei were introduced in dialysis bags placed in the ponds. The number of the pathogenic bacteria decreased by a few orders of magnitude within days, depending on the temperature and the strain. Following certain periods of time, the bacteria held in the heated pond and in some instances in the control pond, lost their ability to agglutinate with specific antibody. The phenomenon of bacteria showing negative specific agglutination requires further research. It is thought that this phenomenon might indicate an unknown heat survival mechanism of the pathogenic bacteria in adverse environment.
Influence of environmental parameters on biomass production and nutrient removal in a high rate algal pond operated by continuous culture
Authors: Cromar N. J. , Fallowfield H. J. , Martin N. J. 
Published: May 2018

High Rate Algal Ponds (HRAPs) are efficient treatment systems which minimise the effects of wastewater pollution by reduction of organic matter and inorganic nutrient content. The efficacy of these systems is well documented, however there remains little understanding of the mechanisms by which removal occurs or of the factors which may affect the efficiency of the removal process. This research attempts to elucidate the relationship between environmental parameters such as day length, pond temperature and incident surface irradiance and to relate these factors to the production of biomass and removal of nutrients within pond systems operated as continuous cultures and loaded with artificial sewage media.
Complex interactions were noted between the concentration of algal biomass in the ponds, as approximated by chlorophyll a measurements, and the efficiency of nitrogen removal which may have important implications for the management of these systems. Clear evidence of the time course of nitrification was also obtained. Equations have been developed which correlate the environmental variables with changes in pond biomass and nutrient removal. These equations can be used as a tool to aid the effective management of HRAPs as wastewater treatment systems.
Biofilters for water reuse in aquaculture
Authors: Abeysinghe D. H. , Shanableh A. , Rigden B. 
Published: May 2018

Aquaculture is a rapidly expanding industry in Australia and around the world. The majority of aquaculture operations employ flow through systems whereby residual feed and metabolic products are discharged to a nearby water body. In many countries, the discharge of nutrients rich aquaculture waters has contributed to the degradation of water quality in receiving water bodies. Aquaculture's dependency on water resources ultimately makes water recycling an attractive waste management option.
Submerged flow biofilters, utilising a filter media with specific surface area of approximately 141m2/m3, were used to remove nitrogen and phosphorus from a synthetic fish farm water. Three biofilter systems were tested for nitrification, nitrification followed by denitrification, and combined nutrients removal. Successful carbon removal and nitrification were achieved in the nitrification system. The nitrification/denitrification biofilters achieved complete denitrification and nitrogen removal. The cyclic aerated/unaerated combined nutrients removal system achieved approximately 40 percent phosphorus removal, complete nitrification and 40 percent denitrification. The study demonstrated the viability of using biofilters for nutrients removal from fish farm waters. Biofilters are readily designed and constructed in modular form which makes such systems particularly useful for water quality management in aquaculture.