bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seizure‐precipitating factors in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy
Authors: Forsgård Johanna A. , Metsähonkala Liisa , Kiviranta Anna‐Mariam , Cizinauskas Sigitas , Junnila Jouni J.T. , Laitinen‐Vapaavuori Outi , Jokinen Tarja S. 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundStress, sleep deprivation, and infectious diseases are important seizure‐precipitating factors in human epilepsy patients. However, these factors have not been thoroughly studied in epileptic dogs.ObjectiveSeizure‐precipitating factors are common in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy and the occurrence of these factors associate with the dogs' signalment, personality, and epilepsy‐related factors.AnimalsFifty dogs with diagnosed idiopathic epilepsy from the hospital populations of University Veterinary Teaching Hospital of University of Helsinki and Referral Animal Hospital Aisti.MethodsIn a retrospective cross‐sectional observational study, owners were interviewed about their dogs' possible seizure‐precipitating factors according to a predefined questionnaire. The dogs were identified and selected by searching the medical records of the participating animal hospitals.ResultsThe prevalence of seizure‐precipitating factors in the study population was 74% (37/50). The most frequently reported factors included stress‐related situations, sleep deprivation, weather, and hormonal factors. In dogs with focal onset seizures, the number of precipitating factors was 1.9 (95% CI 1.1‐3.4) times higher compared to dogs with generalized seizures.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceSeizure‐precipitating factors are common in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy, and the nature of these factors is consistent with those of human patients. Aside from antiepileptic medication, acknowledging and avoiding seizure‐precipitating factors could help veterinarians achieve better treatment outcomes.
On Being (Not) Old: Agency, Self‐care, and Life‐course Aspirations in the United States
Authors: Lamb Sarah 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis article examines U.S. endeavors to eradicate old age. Drawing on research with older, mostly white, Americans across social classes, I probe how older people engage in “healthy,” “successful” aging as a moral project, health identity, and way of approaching the life course. Moving beyond influential literature on biopolitics and biomedicine that tends to treat medicine, science, and biopolitical governance as overdetermined causal forces, I explore instead how a confluence of factors—including cultural ideologies of personhood and independence, medical interventions, social hierarchies, and individual experiences—together lead to the stigmatization of oldness. Social inequalities also matter, as an ethos of self‐care and individual agency to ward off oldness is most pronounced among the able‐bodied and socioeconomic elite. The aim is to illuminate the convergence of factors that stigmatize oldness in contemporary North America, while highlighting the ways that class profoundly figures in people's varied attempts to not be old.
Glaucoma management in primary care: barriers perceived by optometrists in Scotland
Authors: Bruce Gillian , Tatham Andrew J 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPurposeOver the next 10 years, the prevalence of glaucoma in the United Kingdom (UK) is predicted to rise by 22%,(The Way Forward: Glaucoma, The Royal College of Ophthalmologists, London, 2017) posing a considerable challenge to already overstretched hospital eye services. To help address this problem, services traditionally offered in hospital such as managing stable glaucoma patients, could be transferred to community optometrists. The aim of this study was to identify whether optometrists in Scotland have an interest in managing primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) in primary care and to assess perceived barriers.MethodsAll optometrists on the NHS Education Scotland (NES) database were invited to participate in an online survey over a 7‐week period. Optometrists were asked if they had an interest in being accredited to manage POAG in the community and a free text question was used to elicit perceived barriers. Responders with an interest in managing POAG were invited to take part in two further rounds of electronic surveying, using a modified Delphi approach, with the aim of reaching a consensus on perceived barriers.ResultsTwo hundred and ninety‐nine of 1566 optometrists (19%) responded to the survey. 229 (79%) expressed an interest in managing patients with POAG in primary care. The most commonly perceived barriers after two rounds of Delphi surveying were remuneration (29%), communication with secondary care (18%), perceived ophthalmology resistance (13%), training (11%) and capacity (10%). Multivariate regression revealed fewer years in practice and comfort using and interpreting results of pachymetry were associated with higher odds of interest in managing glaucoma in the community.ConclusionsAmong survey responders, there was significant interest from community optometrists to being accredited to manage POAG in primary care. A collaborative approach between primary and secondary care will be required to address the concerns of community optometrists in any future expansion of their role in glaucoma management.
ERF109 of trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.) contributes to cold tolerance by directly regulating expression of Prx1 involved in antioxidative process
Authors: Wang Min , Dai Wenshan , Du Juan , Ming Ruhong , Dahro Bachar , Liu Ji‐Hong 
Published: December 2018

SummaryEthylene‐responsive factors (ERFs) have been revealed to play essential roles in a variety of physiological and biological processes in higher plants. However, functions and regulatory pathways of most ERFs in cold stress remain largely unclear. Here, we identified PtrERF109 of trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.) and deciphered its role in cold tolerance. PtrERF109 was drastically up‐regulated by cold, ethylene and dehydration, but repressed by salt. PtrERF109 was localized in the nucleus and displayed transcriptional activity, and the C terminus is required for the activation. Overexpression of PtrERF109 conferred enhanced cold tolerance in transgenic tobacco and lemon plants, whereas VIGS (virus‐induced gene silencing)‐mediated suppression of PtrERF109 in trifoliate orange led to increased cold susceptibility. PtrERF109 overexpression caused extensive transcriptional reprogramming of several suites of stress‐responsive genes. Prx1 encoding class III peroxidase (POD) was one of the antioxidant genes exhibiting the greatest induction. PtrERF109 was shown to directly bind to the promoter of PtrPrx1 (trifoliate orange Prx1 homologue) and positively activated its expression. In addition, the PtrERF109‐overexpressing plants exhibited significantly higher POD activity and accumulated dramatically less H2O2 and were more tolerant to oxidative stress, whereas the VIGS plants exhibited opposite trends, in comparison with wild type. Taken together, these results indicate that PtrERF109 as a positive regulator contributes to imparting cold tolerance by, at least partly, directly regulating the POD‐encoding gene to maintain a robust antioxidant capacity for effectively scavenging the reactive oxygen species. Our findings gain insight into better understanding of transcriptional regulation of antioxidant genes in response to cold stress.
Successful liver transplantation using a whole liver graft with gallbladder agenesis: First report in pediatric liver transplantation
Authors: Pessanha Inês , Alexandrino Henrique , Piedade Cláudia , Cunha Catarina , Gonçalves Isabel , Lopes Maria Francelina , Furtado Emanuel 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIntroductionGallbladder agenesis (GA) is a rare congenital condition, occurring in approximately 40/100.000. It is likely due to an embryologic mishap in the development of the gallbladder bud and can be associated with other congenital variations in biliary anatomy. However, the liver likely suffers no functional impairment and can be safely used for transplantation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report describing a pediatric liver transplantation (PLT) using a graft with GA.Case reportA 10‐year‐old boy with methylmalonic aciduria underwent isolated liver transplant with a deceased graft from a donor with no relevant medical or surgical history and normal laboratory tests. During the back‐table liver preparation procedure, no evidence of gallbladder was found, raising the possibility of a GA, confirmed by intraoperative cholangiography. The liver transplantation procedure was uneventful despite the particularly rare combination of biliary tree anatomic distribution found in the cholangiography. At 1 year of follow‐up, there were no clinical, laboratory, or imagological signs of bile leaks or anastomotic site stricture.DiscussionThe present report highlights the importance of the accurate knowledge of the vasculobiliary anatomic variation, particularly in extremely rare cases, such as GA, and in complex hepatobiliary procedures, such as PLT. In our opinion, grafts with GA should not be discarded for transplantation.
Partisan Attitudes toward Sanctuary Cities: The Asymmetrical Effects of Political Knowledge
Authors: Oskooii Kassra A. R. , Dreier Sarah K. , Collingwood Loren 
Published: December 2018

Sanctuary city policies seek to protect undocumented community members from federal detention or deportation. Debates over sanctuary cities have become increasingly prominent and partisan in American politics. Republicans accuse sanctuary cities of enabling crime, while Democrats laud them for protecting communities from rights violations. Despite partisan salience, we have little information about peoples’ substantive knowledge of sanctuary policies or how crucial that knowledge is in shaping partisan attitudes toward those policies. Drawing on a unique survey dataset of sanctuary attitudes, we demonstrate that an absence of political knowledge has asymmetrical effects on sanctuary attitudes along ideological and partisan lines. Knowledge about sanctuary policies increases support for sanctuary cities among liberals/Democrats, whereas conservatives/Republicans do not require substantive knowledge to align their attitudes on sanctuary cities with their ideological predispositions. This finding advances scholarship on the interplay between political knowledge and ideology, and has important immigration‐related policy and advocacy implications.Related Articles
Pearson‐Merkowitz, Shanna. 2012. “.” Politics & Policy 40 (): 258‐295. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2012.00349.x

Pearson‐Merkowitz, Shanna. 2012. “.” Politics & Policy 40 (): 258‐295. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2012.00349.x

Butz, Adam M, Jason E. Kehrberg. 2015. “.” Politics & Policy 43 (): 256‐286. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12115

Turner, Robert C., William Sharry. 2012. “.” Politics & Policy 40 (): 983‐1018. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2012.00392.x
Biased Policy and Political Behavior: The Case of Uneven Removal of Elected Mayors in Israel
Authors: Ben‐Bassat Avi , Dahan Momi 
Published: December 2018

Unlike the previous literature on mass policy feedback, the present study argues that a negative message embodied in public policy may foster or dampen political participation depending on social group affiliation. The policy change we use to examine the effect of biased policy (a perceived negative message) on political behavior is the removal of elected mayors that were replaced by an appointed committee in a large number of Arab and Jewish municipalities in Israel, which was skewed significantly toward Arab municipalities. We show that Arab voters in intervened municipalities are more likely to show up at the ballot boxes in national elections and they tend to vote more for Arab parties. In contrast, the political participation of Jewish citizens is lower in municipalities with an appointed council without noticeable effect on vote choice.Related Articles
Avigur‐Eshel, Amit. 2018. “.” Politics & Policy 46 (): 84‐109. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12241

Harel‐Shalev, Ayelet. 2009. “.” Politics & Policy 37 (): 951‐970. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2009.00206.x

Tusalem, Rollin F. 2015. “.” Politics & Policy 43 (): 502‐537. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12125
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Ukraine's unconsidered losses from the annexation of Crimea: What should we account for in the DCFTA forecasts?
Authors: Olekseyuk Zoryana , Schürenberg‐Frosch Hannah 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn March 2014 Crimea unilaterally declared its independence from Ukraine and joined the Russian Federation. The separation of a part of a state's territory and economy is an interesting matter to examine. The economy of Ukraine has not only shrunk, but also changed its structure as Crimea had a quite distinct production pattern compared to the rest of Ukraine. Moreover, policy measures initialized before the separation may have different effects once applied only to a part of the former economy. This paper proposes a strategy to model the separation of part of an economy and its inclusion into another country and applies this strategy to the case of Crimea, Ukraine, and Russia. Having constructed a model for the new geographical and economic situation, we reinvestigate the possible effects of a Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement between Ukraine and the EU and compare the results for the situation with Crimea as part of Ukraine. We find that the annexation of Crimea leads to severe economic losses for Ukraine which are partly overproportional compared to Crimea's economic size. These negative effects can be compensated by implementing the DCFTA with the EU as we also show in our model results.
Environmental regulation and love for variety
Authors: Echazu Luciana , Heintzelman Martin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractUsing a model of monopolistic competition, we examine the relationship between intra‐industry trade and environmental regulation. The decisions on emission standards set by each country show strong strategic interactions. In closed economies regulations act as strategic substitutes, and in equilibrium there is under‐regulation relative to the cooperative outcome. Trade liberalization may lead to stricter or laxer environmental standards, depending on the consumers’ preference for product variety. In addition, we show that with open trade environmental regulations may act as strategic complements and countries may set environmental standards that are as strict (or stricter) than those in the cooperative outcome.
A stochastic process approach to multilayer neutron detectors
Authors: Anevski Dragi , Hall‐Wilton Richard , Kanaki Kalliopi , Pastukhov Vladimir 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe sparsity of the isotope Helium‐3, ongoing since 2009, has initiated a new generation of neutron detectors. One particularly promising development line for detectors is the multilayer gaseous detector. In this paper, a stochastic process approach is used to determine the neutron energy from the additional data afforded by the multilayer nature of these novel detectors. The data from a multilayer detector consist of counts of the number of absorbed neutrons along the sequence of the detector's layers, in which the neutron absorption probability is unknown. We study the maximum likelihood estimator for the intensity and absorption probability and show its consistency and asymptotic normality, as the number of incoming neutrons goes to infinity. We combine these results with known results on the relation between the absorption probability and the wavelength to derive an estimator of the wavelength and to show its consistency and asymptotic normality.
An integrative review of impression formation processes for multiracial individuals
Authors: Chen Jacqueline M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn approximately 30 years, up to one in five Americans will be mixed race. How monoracial people perceive multiracials will become a critical aspect of race relations in the United States. This demographic shift highlights the need to broaden social psychological theories and investigations to understand multiracial person perception. This article reviews existing research on how people perceive, and remember mixed‐race people, with attention to how these findings contribute to our understanding of racial categorization, impression formation, and intergroup relations. People categorize multiracial people according to the principles of hypodescent (Black + White = Black), the minority bias (Black + White = not White), and by adopting a novel category (Black + White = Multiracial). The particular categorization of a multiracial target depends on several factors, including availability of target information (ancestry, facial appearance), the accessibility of different racial categories, perceiver motives, and the broader cultural context. Downstream implications of these categorization processes are discussed, and future directions are highlighted. Researchers are encouraged to think about race as a multifaceted concept that includes many components (appearance, identity, ancestry, and perceived) that are not necessarily one‐to‐one, especially for mixed‐race individuals.
Moving towards hybridity in causal explanation: The example of citizen participation
Authors: Richardson Liz , Durose Catherine , Perry Beth 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe puzzle of causal explanation is a core issue for social science. Searches for causal patterns can be overly mechanistic, seen for example in the desire for the magic bullet in policy, or the lionising of the celebrity policy interventions of the moment. Emphasis in policy interventions on transferable practice is often dismissed as naive for failing to recognise the importance of context, contingency, and complexity. However, a focus on highly context‐specific narratives, drawn from single cases, can be equally problematic and exacerbate rather than help the problem of reification of knowledge. This paper makes a reflective theoretical contribution to the debate on the need to tackle the dilemma of contingency versus certainty in causal explanation in the social sciences. It attempts to address this issue through the lens of a specific concrete puzzle of explanation; that of citizen participation in policy. Citizen participation is a salient policy topic, which demands a thorough understanding of causation. Using extended empirical examples of citizen participation in policy serves to highlight the intractability of different traditions of causal explanation and grounds the need for greater compatibility in approaches. The paper then offers two propositions centring on the notions of transdisciplinarity and hybridity in research practices and methodologies. It concludes with a discussion of more and less desirable forms of hybridity.
Plasma‐based biomaterials for the treatment of cutaneous radiation injury
Authors: Miller Eric D. , Song Feifei , Smith Jason D. , Ayan Ahmet S. , Mo Xiaokui , Weldon Michael , Lu Lanchun , Campbell Phil G. , Bhatt Aashish D. , Chakravarti Arnab , Jacob Naduparambil K. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTCutaneous wounds caused by an exposure to high doses of ionizing radiation remain a therapeutic challenge. While new experimental strategies for treatment are being developed, there are currently no off‐the‐shelf therapies for the treatment of cutaneous radiation injury that have been proven to promote repair of the damaged tissues. Plasma‐based biomaterials are biologically active biomaterials made from platelet enriched plasma, which can be made into both solid and semi‐solid forms, are inexpensive, and are available as off‐the‐shelf, nonrefrigerated products. In this study, the use of plasma‐based biomaterials for the mitigation of acute and late toxicity for cutaneous radiation injury was investigated using a mouse model. A 2‐cm diameter circle of the dorsal skin was irradiated with a single dose of 35 Gy followed by topical treatment with plasma‐based biomaterial or vehicle once daily for 5 weeks postirradiation. Weekly imaging demonstrated more complete wound resolution in the plasma‐based biomaterial vs. vehicle group which became statistically significant (p < 0.05) at weeks 12, 13, and 14 postmaximum wound area. Despite more complete wound healing, at 9 and 17 weeks postirradiation, there was no statistically significant difference in collagen deposition or skin thickness between the plasma‐based biomaterial and vehicle groups based on Masson trichrome staining nor was there a statistically significant difference in inflammatory or fibrosis‐related gene expression between the groups. Although significant improvement was not observed for late toxicity, plasma‐based biomaterials were effective at promoting wound closure, thus helping to mitigate acute toxicity.
Uveitis and health disparities: results from the National Inpatient Sample
Authors: Chauhan Krati , Scaife Steven , Rosenbaum James T 
Published: December 2018

PurposeHealth disparities exist when the prevalence or outcome of the disease are influenced by age, race, sex or income. Health disparities are prevalent in autoimmune diseases. However, there is a lack of national US data regarding health disparities in uveitis. The primary aim of our study is to evaluate health disparities for uveitis in the USA.MethodsWe performed a retrospective, observational, cross-sectional study to ascertain health disparities for uveitis and its complications in the USA using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) for the years 2002–2013. We used the International Classification of Disease, ninth revision, codes to identify uveitis cases and ocular complications. Uveitis was divided into total, infectious and non-infectious uveitis. We collected information on age, sex, race, income quartile and ocular complications. We preformed statistical analysis using SAS V.9.4. A logistic regression model was used to predict the odds of developing uveitis and its complications.ResultsThere were a total of 94 143 978 discharges including 15 296 total uveitis, 4538 infectious and 10 758 non-infectious uveitis patients. Compared with the total NIS population, patients with uveitis were younger (mean age 45±18 vs 48±28 years, p value ≤0.0001, African-Americans (23% vs 10%, p value ≤0.0001), in the lowest income quartile (<$38 999; 29% vs 26%, p value ≤0.0001) and were insured by Medicaid (25% vs 20%, p value ≤0.0001).ConclusionAfrican-American patients have a higher prevalence of uveitis. Patients insured by Medicare and Medicaid have more frequent ocular complications. This knowledge may guide future research on disparity and shape healthcare decision making.