bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
South‐western Atlantic reef fishes: Zoogeographical patterns and ecological drivers reveal a secondary biodiversity centre in the Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Pinheiro Hudson T. , Rocha Luiz A. , Macieira Raphael M. , Carvalho‐Filho Alfredo , Anderson Antônio B. , Bender Mariana G. , Di Dario Fabio , Ferreira Carlos Eduardo L. , Figueiredo‐Filho Jessé , Francini‐Filho Ronaldo , Gasparini João L. , Joyeux Jean‐Christophe , Luiz Osmar J. , Mincarone Michael M. , Moura Rodrigo L. , Nunes José de Anchieta C. C. , Quimbayo Juan P. , Rosa Ricardo S. , Sampaio Cláudio L. S. , Sazima Ivan , Simon Thiony , Vila‐Nova Daniele A. , Floeter Sergio R. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimTo present an updated database of fish species recorded on south‐western Atlantic reef environments and to explore the ecological drivers of the structure, the latitudinal gradient of biodiversity and the centre of endemism in this peripheral province.LocationSouth‐western Atlantic (SWA): Brazilian and Argentinian Provinces.MethodsA database composed of 733 fish species along 23 locations in the SWA (00°55′ N to 43°00′ S) was compiled based on primary data, literature and museum records. Cluster and beta diversity analyses were carried out to evaluate faunal overlaps among locations and subprovinces. “Target‐area‐distance effect” and “stepping stones dispersal” hypotheses for assemblage composition were tested through Mantel tests. Relationships between the distribution patterns and ecological traits of reef fish species were investigated through generalized linear mixed‐effect models.ResultsOut of the 733 fish species, 405 are SWA resident reef fishes, of which 111 (27%) are endemics and 78 are threatened with extinction. Cluster analysis detected six subprovinces in the SWA structured following the target‐area‐distance model, and with no evidence for a latitudinal gradient in diversity. The greatest overall richness and endemic species richness were found in the east–south‐eastern region. Depth range, habitat use and body size were the main drivers of SWA reef fish assemblage structure.Main conclusionsThe Brazilian and Argentinian coasts constitute different provinces structured by oceanographic barriers and environmental filters. Similarities among oceanic islands indicate connectivity driven by stochastic and ecological factors. Species richness and endemism indicate that peripheral provinces may also bear centres of origin and biodiversity, patterns driven by parapatric/ecological speciation and the overlap between tropical and subtropical reef fish species. Ecological drivers of reef fish distribution, such as habitat specialization and body size, support hypotheses of speciation in the periphery. New approaches for spatial planning, marine protected areas and off‐reserve marine management are essential for the conservation and sustainability of SWA reef fishes.
Different glucagon effects during DPP‐4 inhibition versus SGLT‐2 inhibition in metformin‐treated type 2 diabetes patients
Authors: Alsalim Wathik , Persson Margaretha , Ahrén Bo 
Published: March 2018

AimsPrevious studies have shown that dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)‐4 inhibition lowers glucagon levels whereas sodium‐glucose co‐transporter 2 (SGLT‐2) inhibition increases them. This study evaluated the extent of these opposite effects in a direct comparative head‐to‐head study.MethodsIn a single‐centre, randomized study with a cross‐over design, 28 metformin‐treated patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) (mean age, 63 years; baseline HbA1c, 6.8%) were treated with vildagliptin (50 mg twice daily) or dapagliflozin (10 mg once daily) for 2 weeks, with a 4‐week wash‐out period between the two separate treatments. After each treatment period, a meal test was undertaken, with measurements of islet and incretin hormones and 4‐hour area under the curve (AUC) levels were estimated.ResultsFasting glucagon (35.6 ± 2.5 vs 39.4 ± 3.4 pmoL/L; P = .032) and postprandial glucagon (4‐hour AUCglucagon, 32.1 ± 2.3 vs 37.5 ± 2.7 nmoL/L min; P = .001) were ~15% lower after vildagliptin compared to dapagliflozin treatment. This was associated with stronger early (15 minute) C‐peptide response and higher 4‐hour AUCC‐peptide (P < .010), higher 4‐hour AUC of the intact form of glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) (P < .001) and lower 4‐hour AUC of total GIP and GLP‐1 (P < .001).ConclusionTreatment with DPP‐4 inhibition with vildagliptin results in 15% lower fasting and postprandial glucagon levels compared to SGLT‐2 inhibition with dapagliflozin. DPP‐4 inhibition also induces more rapid insulin secretion and higher levels of intact incretin hormones, resulting in stronger feedback inhibition of incretin hormone secretion than SGLT‐2 inhibition.
Visual orientation of the black fungus gnat, Bradysia difformis, explored using LEDs
Authors: Stukenberg Niklas , Ahrens Niklas , Poehling Hans‐Michael 
Published: March 2018

AbstractFungus gnats occur worldwide with more than 1 700 described species. They can cause serious damages on ornamentals, crop plants, and edible mushrooms, and are considered to be a serious pest in the last years. Bradysia difformisFrey (Diptera: Sciaridae) represents a common species in Europe. Usually, yellow sticky traps are used for monitoring and control in greenhouses and fluorescent tube‐based light traps are additionally applied for control in mushroom cultivation. The importance of such visual trapping measures for efficient monitoring or alternative control increases in biological and integrated plant protection. However, detailed color preferences of fungus gnats are mostly unknown. We studied the visual orientation of B. difformis with light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) in a broad range of peak wavelengths from 371 nm (ultraviolet, UV) to 619 nm (amber). We determined attractive wavelengths in consecutive choice experiments in daylight and darkness. Highest numbers of adult B. difformis were attracted to UV radiation (382 nm) followed by green‐yellow light (532–592 nm). The responses to UV and the green‐yellow range were relatively unspecific and mostly independent from intensity. Combination of UV and yellow LEDs improved trapping efficacy compared to a single UV or yellow LED trap, as well as compared to a common yellow sticky trap. When both wavelengths were compared to a black surface to increase contrasts, the black surface was preferred over yellow, but was less attractive than UV. Thus, B. difformis displays two, probably wavelength‐specific, behaviors to UV radiation and green‐yellow light, with UV being the most attractive stimulus. These behaviors might be directly related to underlying photoreceptors, suggesting dichromatic vision in B. difformis.
Tobacco retail licences and state formation in early modern England and Wales
Authors: Taylor Alexander G. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis article addresses one under‐studied aspect of Charles I's finances during his Personal Rule: the licensing of tobacco retailers. While it was ultimately a failed project, the tobacco retail licence project was fiscally successful before the transformative events of the 1640s triggered its demise. The project enabled tobacco retail licensees to establish commercial outlets for the marketing of tobacco throughout England and Wales, and cooperation with pre‐existing officeholders contributed to the apprehension of unlicensed retailers. Ultimately, the geographic breadth of tobacco licences translated into much‐needed royal revenue which, when added to other projects and patents, contributed to the king's financial survival. The evidence presented here suggests that we may want to rethink some of our assumptions for how the process of state formation worked and that earlier seventeenth‐century ‘prototypes’ of taxation were more fiscally successful than previously recognized.
Self‐perceived educational needs of junior assistant professors in Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics in France
Authors: Kérourédan O. , Smirani R. , Oriez D. , Péli J. F. , Seux D. , Quinton A. , Devillard R. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIntroductionAcademic dental educators play a major role in training future dentists. They help students to develop medical knowledge and behavioural skills that improve the quality and rigor of their future practice. Therefore, their experience and knowledge are critical to ensure effective learning. However, a French national workshop revealed that most junior assistant professors lack educational skills at the beginning of their career. The aim of this study was to assess educational training needs of junior assistant professors in the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics.Materials and MethodsAn electronic survey was sent to junior assistant professors belonging to Departments of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics within the 16 French dental schools in 2016. This survey was designed to collect data regarding their motivations, teaching expertise and interest in pedagogy.ResultsSixty of the 69 junior educators turned in their answers, which represents a response rate of 87%. About 86.7% of respondents cited their attraction to teaching as one of the main reasons behind their application. The major difficulty encountered by junior faculty was related to course preparation. Only 15% had received educational training despite the fact that 98.3% were convinced of the usefulness of such a training for junior teachers.ConclusionThis study identified the motivations and difficulties encountered by junior assistant professors. This collection of educational needs should be considered when planning a national programme for educational training of dental faculty that will promote the acquisition of teaching skills and improve the education of dental students.
Factors associated with pain severity, pain interference, and perception of functional abilities independent of joint status in US adults with hemophilia: Multivariable analysis of the Pain, Functional Impairment, and Quality of Life (P‐FiQ) study
Authors: Kempton Christine L. , Buckner Tyler W. , Fridman Moshe , Iyer Neeraj N. , Cooper David L. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIntroductionLevels of pain and dysfunction appear to differ among people with hemophilia despite similar levels of joint disease.ObjectiveTo determine patient characteristics that influence pain and function independent of joint status.MethodsUS adults with hemophilia completed a survey that included information on clinical characteristics, demographics, and patient‐reported outcome instruments assessing pain (Brief Pain Inventory v2 Short Form [BPI]), functional impairment (Hemophilia Activities List [HAL]), and health status (EQ‐5D‐5L). Additionally, physiotherapists optionally completed a clinical joint evaluation (Hemophilia Joint Health Score [HJHS]). Associations were examined using simple and multiple regression models.ResultsOf 381 adults enrolled, 240 had complete HJHS scores (median age, 32 years). After controlling for HJHS and opiate use, anxiety/anxiolytic use was significantly associated with worse pain severity and interference scores. After controlling for HJHS, the most significant predictors of functional impairment were older age, unemployment, more severe hemophilia, and greater pain. EQ‐5D‐5L pain/discomfort was associated with worse outcomes on most HAL scores.ConclusionUnemployment, anxiety, and depression were each associated with both greater pain and functional disability after controlling for joint status. Continued attention to pain and psychosocial issues will be important in improving clinical care and research efforts in the hemophilia population.
Patient‐reported outcomes and joint status across subgroups of US adults with hemophilia with varying characteristics: Results from the Pain, Functional Impairment, and Quality of Life (P‐FiQ) study
Authors: Batt Katharine , Boggio Lisa , Neff Anne , Buckner Tyler W. , Wang Michael , Quon Doris , Witkop Michelle , Recht Michael , Kessler Craig , Iyer Neeraj N. , Cooper David L. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIntroductionPain and functional impairment associated with joint disease are major problems for people with hemophilia, and impact on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) may vary across groups defined by demographic and treatment‐related characteristics.ObjectiveTo evaluate differences in overall HRQoL, pain, function, and joint status between P‐FiQ study subgroups.MethodsAdult males with hemophilia and a history of joint pain/bleeding completed a pain history and the patient‐reported outcome instruments EQ‐5D‐5L, Brief Pain Inventory v2 Short Form (BPI), International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and Hemophilia Activities List (HAL); optionally, joint status was assessed (Hemophilia Joint Health Score v2.1 [HJHS]). Scores were analyzed between subgroups across sets of participant characteristics.ResultsA total of 381 adult males with hemophilia were enrolled, with median age of 34 years. Worse scores on EQ‐5D‐5L index, BPI pain severity/interference, HAL overall score, and HJHS were generally associated with being college educated, unemployment, self‐reporting both acute and chronic pain, and self‐reporting anxiety/depression.ConclusionsMeasures of joint status and HRQoL were consistently lower in participants who had higher educational levels, were unemployed, self‐reported having both acute and chronic pain, and self‐reported having anxiety/depression. A greater understanding of the association of these factors with disease outcomes may improve individualized patient management.
The breakdown of the Simon effect in cross‐modal contexts: EEG evidence
Authors: Castro Leonor , Soto‐Faraco Salvador , Morís Fernández Luis , Ruzzoli Manuela 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn everyday life, we often must coordinate information across spatial locations and different senses for action. It is well known, for example, that reactions are faster when an imperative stimulus and its required response are congruent than when they are not, even if stimulus location itself is completely irrelevant for the task (the so‐called Simon effect). However, because these effects have been frequently investigated in single‐modality scenarios, the consequences of spatial congruence when more than one sensory modality is at play are less well known. Interestingly, at a behavioral level, the visual Simon effect vanishes in mixed (visual and tactile) modality scenarios, suggesting that irrelevant spatial information ceases to exert influence on vision. To shed some light on this surprising result, here we address the expression of irrelevant spatial information in EEG markers typical of the visual Simon effect (P300, theta power modulation, LRP) in mixed‐modality contexts. Our results show no evidence for the visual‐spatial information to affect performance at behavioral and neurophysiological levels. The absence of evidence of the neural markers of visual S‐R conflict in the mixed‐modality scenario implies that some aspects of spatial representations that are strongly expressed in single‐modality scenarios might be bypassed.
The role of skin biopsy in differentiating small‐fiber neuropathy from ganglionopathy
Authors: Provitera V. , Gibbons C. H. , Wendelschafer‐Crabb G. , Donadio V. , Vitale D. F. , Loavenbruck A. , Stancanelli A. , Caporaso G. , Liguori R. , Wang N. , Santoro L. , Kennedy W. R. , Nolano M. 
Published: March 2018

Background and purposeWe aimed to test the clinical utility of the leg:thigh intraepidermal nerve‐fiber (IENF) density ratio as a parameter to discriminate between length‐dependent small‐fiber neuropathy (SFN) and small‐fiber sensory ganglionopathy (SFSG) in subjects with signs and symptoms of small‐fiber pathology.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated thigh and leg IENF density in 314 subjects with small‐fiber pathology (173 with distal symmetrical length‐dependent SFN and 141 with non‐length‐dependent SFSG). A group of 288 healthy subjects was included as a control group. The leg:thigh IENF density ratio was calculated for all subjects. We used receiver operating characteristic curve analyses to assess the ability of this parameter to discriminate between length‐dependent SFN and SFSG, and the decision curve analysis to estimate its net clinical benefit.ResultsIn patients with neuropathy, the mean IENF density was 14.8 ± 6.8/mm at the thigh (14.0 ± 6.9/mm in length‐dependent SFN and 15.9 ± 6.7/mm in patients with SFSG) and 7.5 ± 4.5/mm at the distal leg (5.4 ± 3.2/mm in patients with length‐dependent SFN and 10.1 ± 4.6/mm in patients with SFSG). The leg:thigh IENF density ratio was significantly (P < 0.01) lower in patients with length‐dependent SFN (0.44 ± 0.23) compared with patients with SFSG (0.68 ± 0.28). The area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic analysis to discriminate between patients with length‐dependent SFN and SFSG was 0.79. The decision curve analysis demonstrated the clinical utility of this parameter.ConclusionsThe leg:thigh IENF ratio represents a valuable tool in the differential diagnosis between SFSG and length‐dependent SFN.
Protective effect of melatonin in the diabetic rat retina
Authors: Mehrzadi Saeed , Motevalian Manijeh , Rezaei Kanavi Mozhgan , Fatemi Iman , Ghaznavi Habib , Shahriari Mansoor 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common and serious microvascular complications of diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of melatonin (MEL) on retinal injury in diabetic rats. In this study, 21 rats were randomly divided into three groups: control, diabetic, and diabetic + MEL. Streptozotocin was used to induce diabetes at a dose of 50 mg/kg, i.p., and blood glucose was measured to choose the diabetic rats for the study. MEL (20 mg/kg) was given orally for 7 weeks in diabetic rats starting 1 week after induction of diabetes. After 8 weeks, the groups were compared in terms of mean scores of fluorescein leakage, using fluorescein angiography. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were estimated in retina using commercially available assays. Structural changes in retinas were evaluated by light microscopy. Results showed that diabetes significantly increased the mean scores of fluorescein leakage, and MDA and ROS levels compared to control group. Treatment of the diabetic rats with MEL for 7 weeks prevented the alterations induced by diabetes in comparison with the diabetic control group.Based on these findings, it can be concluded that MEL might have beneficial effects in prevention of DR.
Biostimulation and Bioaugmentation to Enhance Reductive Dechlorination of TCE in a Long‐Term Flow Through Column Study
Authors: McLean Joan E. , Ervin Jared , Zhou Jing , Sorensen Darwin L. , Dupont R. Ryan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractLarge laboratory columns (15.2 cm diameter, 183 cm long) were fed with groundwater containing trichloroethylene (TCE), were biostimulated and bioaugmented, and were monitored for over 7.5 years. The objective of the study was to observe how the selection of the carbon and energy source, i.e., whey, Newman Zone® standard surfactant emulsified oil and Newman Zone nonionic surfactant emulsified oil, affected the rate and extent of dechlorination. Column effluent was monitored for TCE and its degradation products, redox indicators (nitrate‐N, Fe(II), sulfate), and changes in iron mineralogy. Total bacteria and Dehalococcoides mccartyi strains were quantified using q‐PCR. Complete dechlorination was only observed in the whey treated columns, occurring 1 year after bioaugmentation with addition of a culture known to dechlorinate TCE to ethene, and 3 years later in the non‐bioaugmented column. The addition of the emulsified oils with or without bioaugmentation resulted in dechlorination only through cis‐DCE and vinyl chloride. While Dehalococcoides mccartyi strains are the only known bacteria that can fully dechlorinate TCE, their presence, either natural or augmented, was not the sole determiner of complete dechlorination. The establishment of a supporting microbial community and biogeochemistry that developed with continuous feeding of whey, in addition to the presence of D. mccartyi, were necessary to support complete reductive dechlorination. Results confirm that careful selection of a biostimulant is critical to the success of TCE dechlorination in complex soil environments.
Visualizations and Optimization of Iron–Sand Mixtures for Permeable Reactive Barriers
Authors: Firdous R. , Devlin J.F. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDiluting granular iron with sand is a common practice performed to minimize clogging and to reduce the cost of permeable reactive barrier (PRB) installations. This study used a pore‐scale image analysis technique and a reanalysis of previously published data to test the hypothesis of Bi et al. (2009) that the mixing of 15% by weight sand with a commercial, platy‐grained iron medium opens the pore space between grains, exposes more reactive grain surface to flowing water, and leads to a more reactive medium (i.e., promoting faster transformation rates per unit volume of medium) than 100% by weight granular iron. Four mixing ratios (100, 85, 75 and 50% iron by weight) were compared on the basis of two morphological parameters measured in section: (1) total grain area, which correlates with the total amount of iron present, and (2) grain perimeter, which is governed by both the mobile solution‐available surface and the total amount of iron present. As expected, grain areas exposed in section were highest for 100% iron packings and decreased with increasing sand content. The estimated iron grain effective perimeters (i.e., accessible to mobile water) for 85% iron‐by weight mixtures were similar to 100% iron and decreased in 75 and 50% iron mixtures. The section confirmed that the presence of 15% sand by weight opened up the pore structure, likely improving the mobile‐water to iron contact. The analysis of kinetic column experimental data indicated that the same trend was present in the sorption capacity term in the Kinetic Iron Model (KIM) equation, providing corroborating evidence that the iron surface availability was higher in the 85% iron medium than the 100% iron medium on a per gram of iron basis.
Statistical Analysis of Secondary Water Quality Impacts from Enhanced Reductive Bioremediation
Authors: Tillotson J. M. , Borden R. C. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractEnhanced reductive bioremediation (ERB) is effective for treating a broad range of groundwater contaminants, but does result in secondary water quality impacts (SWQIs). Monitoring data from 47 ERB projects were analyzed to gain a better understanding of the formation and extent of SWQIs. The database analysis revealed that SWQIs occur at virtually every site, including reduced levels of background aqueous electron acceptors (O2, NO3−, and SO42−), increases in dissolved‐phase metals (Fe and Mn), and the production of CH4. However, the SWQI “plume” that is produced is usually confined within the original contaminant plume. As a result, SWQIs from ERB are unlikely to adversely impact potable water supplies. SWQIs do attenuate with distance downgradient, with concentrations often returning to near background levels. The results of the database analysis were combined with previous research to develop a general conceptual model (CM) of SWQI production, mobilization, and attenuation. This CM can assist in identifying conditions where SWQIs may pose a concern. These can include sites with low iron/high sulfate (H2S mobilization), high groundwater velocity (SWQIs at distances far downgradient), and sites with low CH4 anaerobic oxidation rates (CH4 migration).