bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
16S rRNA gene sequencing reveals effects of photoperiod on cecal microbiota of broiler roosters
Authors: Wang Jun , Nesengani Lucky T. , Gong Yongsheng , Yang Yujiang , Lu Wenfa 
Published: February 2018

Photoperiod is an important factor in stimulating broiler performance in commercial poultry practice. However, the mechanism by which photoperiod affects the performance of broiler chickens has not been adequately explored. The current study evaluated the effects of three different photoperiod regimes (short day (LD) = 8 h light, control (CTR) = 12.5 h light, and long day (SD) = 16 h light) on the cecal microbiota of broiler roosters by sequencing bacterial 16S rRNA genes. At the phylum level, the dominant bacteria were Firmicutes (CTR: 68%, SD: 69%, LD: 67%) and Bacteroidetes (CTR: 25%, SD: 26%, and LD: 28%). There was a greater abundance of Proteobacteria (p < 0.01) and Cyanobacteria (p < 0.05) in chickens in the LD group than in those in the CTR group. A significantly greater abundance of Actinobacteria was observed in CTR chickens than in SD and LD chickens (p < 0.01). The abundance of Deferribacteres was significantly higher in LD chickens than in SD chickens (p < 0.01). Fusobacteria and Proteobacteria were more abundant in SD chickens than in CTR and LD chickens. The predicted functional properties indicate that cellular processes may be influenced by photoperiod. Conversely, carbohydrate metabolism was enhanced in CTR chickens as compared to that in SD and LD chickens. The current results indicate that different photoperiod regimes may influence the abundance of specific bacterial populations and then contribute to differences in the functional properties of gut microbiota of broiler roosters.
Avaliação da condição bucal de pacientes portadores de Asma-série de casos
Authors: Queiroz Rebeca Menezes Vaz , Mathias Paula 
Published: February 2018

<p><strong>Introdução</strong>: A relação entre a asma e doenças bucais tem sido avaliada em diversos estudos, tanto pelas características inflamatórias, próprias das patologias, como também pela análise das alterações metabólicas advindas do uso de medicamentos para o controle da asma. <strong>Objetivo: </strong>Este estudo descritivo reúne uma série de casos e tem como objetivo avaliar a condição bucal dos pacientes portadores de asma, assistidos no ambulatório de Pneumologia do Ambulatório Magalhães Neto do Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos. <strong>Metodologia</strong>: Foram avaliados 14 pacientes com diagnóstico clínico de asma. Verificou-se o índice da condição periodontal, a presença de alterações em tecidos moles, o índice de placa corada e sangramento à sondagem. <strong>Resultados</strong>: O número médio de dentes permanentes cariados, perdidos e obturados foi de 18,14. O Índice de Placa Corada evidenciou, do total avaliado, 3 pacientes com IPC≤ 50% e 11 com IPC &gt; 50 %, sendo que constatou-se uma média do índice equivalente a 65,42. Quanto ao grau de severidade da doença, 3 pacientes apresentaram doença periodontal moderada e 11 doença periodontal severa. Do total avaliado, 14 pacientes foram diagnosticados com periodontite crônica, sendo que, destes, 12 apresentaram distribuição da doença localizada e 2, generalizada. Não foram observadas quaisquer alterações em tecidos moles. <strong>Conclusão</strong>: O desenvolvimento do presente estudo, juntamente com os estudos realizados até então, ratificam a necessidade de uma melhor investigação a respeito da interferência da atuação dos patógenos periodontais no sistema imune de pacientes com asma, bem como a relação inversa. </p>
Integrating Algae with Bioenergy Carbon Capture and Storage (ABECCS) Increases Sustainability
Authors: Beal Colin M. , Archibald Ian , Huntley Mark E. , Greene Charles H. , Johnson Zackary I. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBioenergy carbon capture and storage (BECCS) has been proposed to reduce atmospheric CO2 concentrations, but concerns remain about competition for arable land and freshwater. The synergistic integration of algae production, which does not require arable land or freshwater, with BECCS (called “ABECCS”) can reduce CO2 emissions without competing with agriculture. This study presents a technoeconomic and life‐cycle assessment for colocating a 121‐ha algae facility with a 2,680‐ha eucalyptus forest for BECCS. The eucalyptus biomass fuels combined heat and power (CHP) generation with subsequent amine‐based carbon capture and storage (CCS). A portion of the captured CO2 is used for growing algae and the remainder is sequestered. Biomass combustion supplies CO2, heat, and electricity, thus increasing the range of sites suitable for algae cultivation. Economic, energetic, and environmental impacts are considered. The system yields as much protein as soybeans while generating 61.5 TJ of electricity and sequestering 29,600 t of CO2 per year. More energy is generated than consumed and the freshwater footprint is roughly equal to that for soybeans. Financial break‐even is achieved for product value combinations that include 1) algal biomass sold for $1,400/t (fishmeal replacement) with a $68/t carbon credit and 2) algal biomass sold for $600/t (soymeal replacement) with a $278/t carbon credit. Sensitivity analysis shows significant reductions to the cost of carbon sequestration are possible. The ABECCS system represents a unique technology for negative emissions without reducing protein production or increasing water demand, and should therefore be included in the suite of technologies being considered to address global sustainability.
Shielding verification and neutron dose evaluation of the Mevion S250 proton therapy unit
Authors: Prusator Michael T. , Ahmad Salahuddin , Chen Yong 
Published: February 2018

AbstractFor passive scattering proton therapy systems, neutron contamination is the main concern both from an occupational and patient safety perspective. The Mevion S250 compact proton therapy system is the first of its kind, offering an in‐room cyclotron design which prompts more concern for shielding assessment. The purpose of this study was to accomplish an in‐depth evaluation of both the shielding design and in‐room neutron production at our facility using both Monte Carlo simulation and measurement. We found that the shielding in place at our facility is adequate, with simulated annual neutron ambient dose equivalents at 30 cm outside wall/door perimeter ranging from background to 0.07 mSv and measured dose equivalents ranging from background to 0.06 mSv. The in‐room measurements reveal that the H*/D decreases when the distance from isocenter and field size increases. Furthermore, the H*/D generally increases when the angle around isocenter increases. Our results from in‐room measurements show consistent trends with our Monte Carlo model of the Mevion system.
Are Older Adults With Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis Less Active Than the General Population? Analysis From the Osteoarthritis Initiative and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Thoma Louise M. , Dunlop Dorothy , Song Jing , Lee Jungwha , Tudor‐Locke Catrine , Aguiar Elroy J. , Master Hiral , Christiansen Meredith B. , White Daniel K. 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveTo compare objectively measured physical activity in older adults with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (OA) with similarly aged adults without osteoarthritis (OA) or knee symptoms from the general population.MethodsWe included people ages 50–85 years with symptomatic knee OA from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI, n = 491), and ages 50–85 years from the general population using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, n = 449) data. A uniaxial accelerometer was worn for ≥10 hours/day for ≥4 days in the NHANES group in 2003–2004 and in the OAI group in 2008–2010. We calculated time spent in moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA in minutes/day) and described differences in MVPA and demographic variables between the samples. We conducted matched‐pairs sensitivity analyses to further evaluate the role of potential confounders.ResultsBoth cohorts had similarly low levels of physical activity in age‐ and sex‐specific strata. Time in MVPA ranged from a median of 1–22 minutes/day in people with symptomatic knee OA, and from 1–24 minutes/day in the general population without OA or knee pain. These results were similar in sensitivity analyses.ConclusionTime spent in MVPA was similarly low in those with symptomatic knee OA as in older adults without knee pain or OA.
Characterization and Manipulation of Spin Orbit Torque in Magnetic Heterostructures
Authors: Qiu Xuepeng , Shi Zhong , Fan Weijia , Zhou Shiming , Yang Hyunsoo 
Published: February 2018

AbstractElectrical‐current‐induced magnetization switching is a keystone concept in the development of spintronics devices. In the last few years, this field has experienced a significant boost with the discovery of spin orbit torque (SOT) in magnetic heterostructures. Here, the recent results as to the characterization and manipulation of SOT in various heavy‐metal/ferromagnet heterostructures are summarized. First, different electrical measurement methods that allow the physical features of SOT to be revealed are introduced. Second, it is shown that SOT in magnetic heterostructures can be manipulated via various material engineering approaches. The interfacial and bulk contributions of SOT are also discussed. These results advance the understanding of SOT and provide novel approaches toward energy‐efficient spintronic devices.
Preparation of a Super‐Hydrophobic Zinc Coating with a Hierarchical Structure Inherited from the Indicalamus Leaf through Electroplating
Authors: Wang Tianchi , Chen Kai , Sun Xin , Kong Jian 
Published: February 2018

AbstractInspired by the idea of deriving morph‐genetic materials from natural templates, the indicalamus leaf is used as a template in an electroplating method designed to prepare a zinc surface with a hierarchical microstructure similar to that of the indicalamus leaf. The leaf templates are first sintered at high temperature under vacuum to leave the carbon skeleton of indicalamus leaf behind; a layer of zinc is then plated directly onto this surface. The zinc coating inherits both the nanoscale slice structures and micrometer‐scale mastoid structures of the leaf. This hierarchical structure confers the hydrophobicity of the leaf onto the zinc coating. The resulting surface exhibits super‐hydrophobicity with low adhesion and a contact angle as high as 167°. The influence of various current densities on the hydrophobic properties of the fabricated zinc surfaces is studied, and the optimal parameters for the preparation of the super‐hydrophobic zinc surface are determined.
The Crucial Role of Charge in Thermoresponsive‐Polymer‐Assisted Reversible Dis/Assembly of Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Turek Vladimir A. , Cormier Sean , Sierra‐Martin Benjamin , Keyser Ulrich F. , Ding Tao , Baumberg Jeremy J. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDynamic control of the spacing between Au nanoparticles using nanoarchitectures incorporating the thermoresponsive polymer poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) has the capability to induce strong color changes from the plasmon shifts. PNIPAM self‐assembles on the surface of Au nanoparticles regardless of its terminal group. However, in many cases, the collapse of this PNIPAM coating at elevated temperatures fails to cause a color change, due to electrostatic and steric repulsion between the Au nanoparticles. Here, it is shown how tuning the charge repulsion between the nanoparticles is crucial to achieve large, reversible shifts of the plasmon resonances. Using NH2 terminal groups of the PNIPAM is most effective, compared with SH, COOH, and H terminations, due to their synergistic role in citrate stripping and charge neutralization. This detailed understanding of the Au–PNIPAM system is vital to enable temperature‐responsive plasmonic systems with large tuning ranges, suitable for applications such as plasmonic actuators, displays, and Raman switches.
Dye‐Incorporated Polynaphthalenediimide Acceptor for Additive‐Free High‐Performance All‐Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Dong , Yao Jia , Chen Lie , Yin Jingping , Lv Ruizhi , Huang Bin , Liu Siqi , Zhang Zhi‐Guo , Yang Chunhe , Chen Yiwang , Li Yongfang 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAll‐polymer solar cells (all‐PSCs) can offer unique advantages for applications in flexible devices, and naphthalene diimide (NDI)‐based polymer acceptors are the widely used polymer acceptors. However, their power conversion efficiency (PCE) still lags behind that of state‐of‐the‐art polymer solar cells, due to low light absorption, suboptimal energy levels and the strong aggregation of the NDI‐based polymer acceptor. Herein, a rhodanine‐based dye molecule was introduced into the NDI‐based polymer acceptor by simple random copolymerization and showed an improved light absorption coefficient, an up‐shifted lowest unoccupied molecular orbital level and reduced crystallization. Consequently, additive‐free all‐PSCs demonstrated a high PCE of 8.13 %, which is one of the highest performance characteristics reported for all‐PSCs to date. These results indicate that incorporating a dye into the n‐type polymer gives insight into the precise design of high‐performance polymer acceptors for all‐PSCs.
Total Synthesis of (−)‐Enigmazole A
Authors: Sakurai Keisuke , Sasaki Makoto , Fuwa Haruhiko 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTotal synthesis of (−)‐enigmazole A, a marine macrolide natural product with cytotoxic activity, has been accomplished. The tetrahydropyran moiety was constructed by means of a domino olefin cross‐metathesis/intramolecular oxa‐Michael addition of a δ‐hydroxy olefin. After coupling of advanced intermediates, the macrocycle was formed through gold‐catalyzed rearrangement of a propargylic benzoate, followed by ring‐closing metathesis of the resultant α,β‐unsaturated ketone.
Crystallization Behavior of Molecular Compound in Binary Mixture System of 1,3‐Dioleoyl‐2‐Palmitoyl‐sn‐Glycerol and 1,3‐Dipalmitoyl‐2‐Oleoyl‐sn‐Glycerol
Authors: Nakanishi Kengoh , Mikiya Yumi , Ishiguro Takashi , Ueno Satoru 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPrevious studies showed that the stable β‐form of molecular compound (MC) crystals having a double‐chain‐length structure is formed in a binary mixture system of 1,3‐dioleoyl‐2‐palmitoyl‐sn‐glycerol (OPO) and 1,3‐dipalmitoyl‐2‐oleoyl‐sn‐glycerol (POP) with a 1:1 concentration ratio of OPO and POP. The use of MC crystals made of POP and OPO for edible applications, such as margarine, is advantageous due to no‐trans, low‐saturated, and high‐oleic fats. Industrial manufacturing technology involves rapid cooling processes, and the kinetic properties of crystallization of MC of OPO and POP are required. In this study, we clarified the crystallization of MC of OPO and POP under rapid cooling at rates of 1–150 °C min−1, using synchrotron radiation time‐resolved X‐ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry methods. The main results are as follows: (1) POP and OPO crystallized in separate manners without the formation of MC crystals under rapid cooling (>40 °C min−1), while MC crystals started to form with decreasing rates of cooling in addition to the POP and OPO crystals (<30 °C min−1); (2) metastable and stable forms sub‐α, α, β′, and β of POP and OPO were formed, whereas the MC crystals of β were formed during the cooling processes; and (3) the heating processes after crystallization by rapid cooling caused separate melting of the metastable and stable forms of POP and OPO crystals and the formation of MC crystals of β made of POP and OPO, as well as melting of the MC crystals alone.
Effects of fluid type and pressure order on performance of convergent–divergent nozzles: An efficiency model for supersonic separation
Authors: Niknam Pouriya H. , Mortaheb H.R. , Mokhtarani B. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA deep analysis on the hydrodynamics of convergent–divergent nozzles is performed by changing the working conditions and fluid type. The nozzle geometry lowers the temperature of the flowing fluid, which contributes to condensation and phase change. The focus of this paper is to evaluate the nozzle performance and cooling capacity in terms of temperature, pressure, and gas type in a fixed geometry of Sajben Laval nozzle. The analysis has been conducted via a 2‐dimensional turbulent computational fluid dynamics simulation for illustrating the behavior of the fluid. A criterion for the nozzle performance is provided by prediction of exact shock wave position. An investigation on 6 different gas types demonstrates that heat capacity and thermal conductivity are the most rolling fluid properties of the nozzle performance. Furthermore, it is found that the shock wave position is unchanged during alteration of fluid type or pressure scale.A new model is provided for prediction of convergent–divergent nozzle performance in the supersonic conditions for dehydration of natural gas as a well‐known industrial application of the nozzles. The model is developed by the genetic algorithm as a multivariable optimization method.
Molecularly Selective Regulation of Delivery Fluxes by Employing Supramolecular Interactions in Layer‐by‐Layer Films
Authors: Huang Tao , Luan Xinglong , Xia Qi , Pan Shaofeng , An Qi , Wu Yaling , Zhang Yihe 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe molecularly selective regulation of molecular fluxes in a biomaterial that delivers multiple chemical species simultaneously is still beyond the reach of materials scientists. A delivery material was developed by means of the layer‐by‐layer (LbL) technique. This material discriminatively regulates the delivery flux of bioactive small molecules, as represented by a peptide containing the RGD fragment and the chemotherapy drug doxorubicin (DOX). Molecularly selective flux regulations in LbL films are realized through fast, reversible supramolecular interactions between cyclodextrin and its guests. The mechanism underlining the delivery strategy is that supramolecular interactions promote molecular loading and slow down diffusion‐dependent release. In a preliminary survey of materials parameters, a maximum difference in cell viability between healthy human bronchial epithelial cells and cancer cells (A549) was realized.
Low tumor necrosis factor‐α levels predict symptom reduction during electroconvulsive therapy in major depressive disorder
Authors: Sorri Annamari , Järventausta Kaija , Kampman Olli , Lehtimäki Kai , Björkqvist Minna , Tuohimaa Kati , Hämäläinen Mari , Moilanen Eeva , Leinonen Esa 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectiveChanges in the tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNFα) have been associated with major depressive disorder (MDD). Findings concerning the effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) on the TNFα level have been contradictory. The aim was to examine the immediate and long‐term changes in the TNFα level and their associations with symptom reduction in patients with MDD during ECT.MethodThe study included 30 patients with MDD. Their TNFα levels were measured at baseline and 2 and 4 hr after the first, fifth and last ECT session. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Montgomery‐Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS).ResultsThe TNFα level decreased from baseline to the 2‐ and 4‐hr measurements. There was a correlation between the first ECT session TNFα levels and the relative symptom reduction according to the MADRS score after the ECT series. Both the first (baseline) ECT and 4‐hr TNFα levels were lower in responders than in nonresponders.ConclusionECT consistently induced a decrease in the TNFα level after each studied session. A low TNFα level at the first ECT appeared to predict a symptom reduction. These findings suggest that TNFα might have a role in the pathogenesis in MDD and in the mechanism of action of ECT.
Peripheral blood clinical laboratory variables associated with outcomes following combination nivolumab and ipilimumab immunotherapy in melanoma
Authors: Rosner Samuel , Kwong Erica , Shoushtari Alexander N. , Friedman Claire F. , Betof Allison S. , Brady Mary Sue , Coit Daniel G. , Callahan Margaret K. , Wolchok Jedd D. , Chapman Paul B. , Panageas Katherine S. , Postow Michael A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBoth the combination of nivolumab + ipilimumab and single‐agent anti‐PD‐1 immunotherapy have demonstrated survival benefit for patients with advanced melanoma. As the combination has a high rate of serious side effects, further analyses in randomized trials of combination versus anti‐PD‐1 immunotherapy are needed to understand who benefits most from the combination. Clinical laboratory values that were routinely collected in randomized studies may provide information on the relative benefit of combination immunotherapy. To prioritize which clinical laboratory factors to ultimately explore in these randomized studies, we performed a single‐center, retrospective analysis of patients with advanced melanoma who received nivolumab + ipilimumab either as part of a clinical trial (n = 122) or commercial use (n = 87). Baseline routine laboratory values were correlated with overall survival (OS) and overall response rate (ORR). Kaplan–Meier estimation and Cox regression were performed. Median OS was 44.4 months, 95% CI (32.9, Not Reached). A total of 110 patients (53%) responded (CR/PR). Significant independent variables for favorable OS included the following: high relative eosinophils, high relative basophils, low absolute monocytes, low LDH, and a low neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio. These newly identified factors, along with those previously reported to be associated with anti‐PD‐1 monotherapy outcomes, should be studied in the randomized trials of nivolumab + ipilimumab versus anti‐PD‐1 monotherapies to determine whether they help define the patients who benefit most from the combination versus anti‐PD‐1 alone.
Clip versus suture toe to toe: Perspectives on and beyond the evidence base
Authors: Turi Zoltan G. 
Published: February 2018

Key Points

The evidence that StarClose is associated with a higher complication rate than Perclose is reasonable if less than robust.
Closure results are affected by access technique.
The rationale for using closure devices in small hole puncture is questionable both from a clinical as well as financial standpoint.
First follow‐up of a breakable stent for implantation in infants dedicated for a life‐long stay
Authors: Zartner Peter A. , Neudorf Ulrich , Bierbach Benjamin , Hart Chris , Schneider Martin B. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjective and methodsThe use of conventional metal stents in infants is severely limited by subsequent somatic growth. The use of a breakable balloon expandable stent (BS) designed for initial implant at small diameters but with properties that allow unlimited dilation in line with growth has potential advantages in this patient group. This study reports our experience with this stent between 2010 and 2014. A total of 17 BS were implanted in 14 infants (mean age 4.8 months). All but one stent was placed into the aorta to treat coarctation.ResultsAll implantations were successful and initial gradients dropped from a mean of 25–6 mm Hg (range from 1–50 down to 0–24 mm Hg). Mean follow‐up was 3.3 years (range 5 days to 7 years) with a total cumulative follow‐up of 46.7 patient years. Stent redilation was performed a median of 2.5 times (range 0–5). Sixteen stents in 13 patients remain in place. Following redilation beyond 10 mm, circumferential integrity of the BS was lost in 10 patients. No further stent implantation or related surgery was necessary. A 3 mm dissection occurred in one patient after redilation.ConclusionsThe BS performed well in terms of relief of stenosis and could be successfully dilated during the phase of the infants' most rapid growth. Mild intimal proliferation occurred in some patients early after implantation. In the course of the stepwise redilations and growth adjustments, both, planned longitudinal and transverse fractures occurred without allowing a collapse of the stented area.