bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rationale and design of healthy at home for COPD: an integrated remote patient monitoring and virtual pulmonary rehabilitation pilot study
Authors: O’Connor Laurel , Behar Stephanie , Tarrant Seanan , Stamegna Pamela , Pretz Caitlin , Wang Biqi , Savage Brandon , Scornavacca Thomas Thomas , Shirshac Jeanne , Wilkie Tracey , Hyder Michael , Zai Adrian , Toomey Shaun , Mullen Marie , Fisher Kimberly , Tigas Emil , Wong Steven , McManus David D. , Alper Eric , Lindenauer Peter K. , Dickson Eric , Broach John , Kheterpal Vik , Soni Apurv 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common, costly, and morbid condition. Pulmonary rehabilitation, close monitoring, and early intervention during acute exacerbations of symptoms represent a comprehensive approach to improve outcomes, but the optimal means of delivering these services is uncertain. Logistical, financial, and social barriers to providing healthcare through face-to-face encounters, paired with recent developments in technology, have stimulated interest in exploring alternative models of care. The Healthy at Home study seeks to determine the feasibility of a multimodal, digitally enhanced intervention provided to participants with COPD longitudinally over 6 months. This paper details the recruitment, methods, and analysis plan for the study, which is recruiting 100 participants in its pilot phase. Participants were provided with several integrated services including a smartwatch to track physiological data, a study app to track symptoms and study instruments, access to a mobile integrated health program for acute clinical needs, and a virtual comprehensive pulmonary support service. Participants shared physiologic, demographic, and symptom reports, electronic health records, and claims data with the study team, facilitating a better understanding of their symptoms and potential care needs longitudinally. The Healthy at Home study seeks to develop a comprehensive digital phenotype of COPD by tracking and responding to multiple indices of disease behavior and facilitating early and nuanced responses to changes in participants’ health status. This study is registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT06000696).
Academic Neurosurgery Gender and Authorship Trends in the United States
Authors: Kearns Kathryn N. , Kurker Kristina P. , Marino Alexandria C. , Zhao Patricia , Ramanathan Purushotham , Shaffrey Mark E. , Jane John A. , Park Min S. 
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Women represent ∼20% of the national neurosurgical resident cohort but only ∼10% of academic neurosurgeons in the United States. Recognizing that the publication of scientific literature contributes to academic advancement, we measured authorship trends of academic neurosurgeons to query publication differences as an explanation for the discrepancy of female representation in academic positions.

METHODS:
Physician data were obtained from program and individual physician webpages. Annual total, first author, and senior author publications were recorded for each neurosurgeon from 1980 to 2020. Mean publication number as a function of the year relative to residency graduation was calculated for all, first author, and senior author publications for all timepoints with >50 individuals. The mean first years of publication were compared using unpaired 2-tailed t-tests. The slope of publication for the senior author and all publications was calculated using individual best-fit lines from years 0 to 10 relative to residency graduation.

RESULTS:
Overall, 1601 faculty members were evaluated (female = 167 [10.4%], male = 1434 [89.6%]). First-author publication for female members peaked at 0.60 publications/year, and for male members at 0.80 publications/year, both at −1 year from graduation (P = .038). Female first publication occurred earlier (−2.4 vs 1.45 years; P < .00001). The mean increase in all publications/year from years 0 to 10 was 0.25 for women and 0.28 for men (P = .68). The increase in senior publications/year was 0.11 for women and 0.13 for men (P = .39). The ratio of total publications to the Scopus h-index was 3.08 for women and 3.62 for men (P = .07).

CONCLUSION:
These data suggest that women publish earlier but have fewer first-author publications at −1 year, the timepoint of peak publication for both genders. There was no significant gender difference in rates of the first author and all publications over the years 0 to 10. The ratio of publications to the h-index did not differ significantly but showed a trend suggesting that women produce higher-impact articles and may need fewer publications to achieve the same change in the h-index.
Non-surgical management of methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia-related mediastinitis
Authors: Vignati Carlo , Pietragalla Alessandra , Dedivitiis Gianfranco , Mancini Maria Elisabetta , Agostoni Piergiuseppe 
Published: October 2024

Background: Acute mediastinitis is rarely caused by haematogenous spread of a remote infection. In this respect, since the only medical therapy is usually unsuccessful, treating acute mediastinitis with no source of infection detected is very challenging and management not standardized. In this case report, we describe non-surgical management experience of acute mediastinitis caused by methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. Case presentation: In a 79-year-old man judged not eligible for cardiac surgery, we attempted the infection source control through vacuum-assisted closure therapy, together with antimicrobial therapy. We observed gradual clinical, laboratory and radiologic improvements: reduced swelling and normalization of the white blood cell count and C-reactive protein level were associated with reduction in size of a periaortic abscess. Conclusion: We managed a clinical condition with high mortality risk with chronic antimicrobial therapy alone, a strategy that is rarely considered. With this medical strategy we achieved an optimal response to a clinical picture that does not allow any other approach.
Balancing Innovation and Profitability: Technological Diversification in Iran’s Insurance Industry
Authors: Shojaei Seyed Amirhossein , Almansour Bashar Yaser 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study explores how technological diversification affects financial performance in Iran’s insurance industry. Using semi-structured interviews with six experts, including CEOs and faculty members, key indicators of technological diversification were identified, such as new underwriting software and digital advertising platforms. A 33-item questionnaire was developed based on these insights and distributed to top managers of Iranian insurance companies, with secondary financial data sourced from the Central Insurance of Iran. The study employes regression analysis and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to assess the impact of technological diversification on financial performance, controlling for firm size, debt ratio, and company age. Findings indicate a significant negative relationship between technological diversification and both Return on Equity (ROE) and Return on Assets (ROA), suggesting that the costs of adopting new technologies may outweigh their short-term financial benefits. Additionally, high debt ratios were found to adversely affect ROA, highlighting the financial risks of excessive borrowing.
Study on recrystallization process of nitroguanidine by directly adding cold water to control temperature
Authors: Zhang Jianjuan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Nitroguanidine (NGu), as a kind of high-energy material, is widely used as explosive propellant and energy component of explosives and smokeless powder. However, NGu crystals prepared by crystallization process are hollow and long needles, and their bulk density and bombing performance are greatly limited due to the high energy density at the tip, large porosity, and poor fluidity. Surprisingly, the particle size and morphology of NGu can effectively be improved by the recrystallization process. In this article, the recrystallization process by directly adding cold water to control temperature is first proposed, aiming to improve the morphological characteristics and reduce the particle size of NGu. Through single factor experimental research, the influences of various operating parameters on the morphology and particle size of NGu during recrystallization process were studied in detail. The results showed that the smallest average particle size of NGu was 19.8 μm when the crude NGu concentration, cold water temperature, volume ratio of boiling to cold water, stirring speed, and polyvinyl alcohol concentration were 5 g/100 mL, 0°C, 1:1, 800 rpm, and 0.35 g/100 mL, respectively. Correspondingly, the morphology of NGu was short rod, which was helpful to improve the bulk density. This novel recrystallization process has great potential to improve the NGu morphological characteristics, providing a new idea for the preparation of military NGu with small particle size and high bulk density.
Rising datives: tomar ‘take’ expressions with nouns of ‘emotion’ and constructional network reconfiguration in Spanish
Authors: Alba-Salas Josep 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This diachronic, corpus-based study examines Spanish constructions formed with the verb tomar ‘take’ and nouns of ‘emotion’, including endogenous nouns with a target participant (e.g. cariño ‘affection’), exogenous nouns with a source or cause participant (e.g. tristeza ‘sadness’), and hybrid nouns allowing both options (e.g. miedo ‘fear’). Such constructions involve three different inchoative (‘begin to feel’) subschemas. The first one, the Prepositional-Stimulus subschema (e.g. tomar tristeza de algo ‘grow sad over something’), included exogenous and hybrid nouns and predominated in the Middle Ages, but disappeared by the 1800s. The other two subschemas, formed with endogenous and hybrid nouns, have survived until today. They include the Prepositional-Goal subschema (e.g. tomar cariño por alguien ‘grow fond of someone’), the most frequent of the two in the Middle Ages, and the Dative-Goal subschema (e.g. tomarle cariño a alguien ‘grow fond of someone’, lit. ‘take fondness to someone’), which presumably arose through analogy in the 1400s and subsequently marginalized its prepositional counterpart, becoming the default realization in present-day Spanish. Using the framework of Diachronic Construction Grammar, these changes are analyzed as involving the reconfiguration of a broader network of inchoative light verb constructions with nouns of emotion in Spanish.
Progress in cytokine research for ARDS: A comprehensive review
Authors: Zhou Kaihuan , Lu Junyu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a critical form of acute respiratory failure characterized by diffuse alveolar damage, refractory hypoxemia, and non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, resulting in high mortality. Dysregulated inflammation, driven by cytokines, is central to ARDS pathogenesis, progression, and prognosis.

Objective
This review synthesizes current knowledge on the role of cytokines in ARDS and evaluates their potential as therapeutic targets, offering new insights for clinical management.

Methods
A comprehensive analysis of recent studies was conducted to explore the roles of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-10, IL-22) in ARDS pathogenesis and to assess current and emerging therapies targeting these cytokines.

Results
Pro-inflammatory cytokines are crucial in initiating inflammatory responses and lung injury in early ARDS, while anti-inflammatory cytokines help regulate and resolve inflammation. Targeted therapies, such as IL-1 and IL-6 inhibitors, show potential in managing ARDS, particularly in COVID-19, but their clinical efficacy is still debated. Combination therapy strategies may enhance outcomes, but further large-scale, multicenter randomized controlled trials are required to establish their safety and efficacy.

Conclusion
Understanding cytokine regulation in ARDS could lead to innovative therapeutic approaches. Future research should focus on cytokine roles across ARDS subtypes and stages and develop biomarker-driven, individualized treatments.
Comprehensive Teleoptometry Exams in Canada: A Proposed Clinical Framework
Authors: Blais Nicolas , Warren Adrianna , Woo Stan , Hanssens Jean-Marie 
Published: October 2024

Purpose: Many high-income countries like Canada are faced with unmet needs regarding the availability of access to eye care, especially in rural, remote, or northern areas. Teleoptometry has the potential to improve access to primary eye care and help prevent, detect, diagnose and treat uncorrected refractive error and sight-threatening eye diseases. Given the rapid adoption of technology for virtual care during the COVID pandemic, the existing teleoptometry guidelines in Canada are limited in scope and may lead to uncertainty for optometrists practicing remote care. The purpose of this paper is to build a scaffold that highlights the similarities and differences between an in-person comprehensive eye examination and one that is delivered through comprehensive teleoptometry in Canada. This proposed clinical framework draws from both the existing published literature and the clinical experience of the authors. This paper discusses issues for teleoptometry including patient consent, efficiency, delegation, training and the patient pathway including referral protocols when indicated.

Results: Comprehensive teleoptometry eye exams are very similar to in-person eye exams, but they depend more on the assistance of an in-person technician/optometric assistant. The exams include delegated tests performed by an optometric assistant and tests controlled remotely by the optometrist like refraction. However, other tests that require clinical judgment to execute or interpret should be performed by the optometric assistant under the direct supervision of the remote optometrist using live video. The remote optometristbe able to repeat any test during videoconferencing.

Conclusion: Teleoptometry is a tool optometrists can use to reach patients that struggle to access an in-person eye exam. This evidence-informed, draft framework provides a point of reference for discussion by the Federation of Optometric Regulatory Authorities of Canada and the provincial regulatory authorities to protect the public and increase access through the delivery of remote primary eye care in Canada.
Elaboração do protocolo operacional padrão na realização do cateterismo vesical em crianças: pesquisa aplicada
Authors: Silva Thayse Nunes da , Cardoso Bruna da Silva , Ferreira Flávia Avancini , Boeckmann Lara Mabelle Milfont , Dutra Luz Marina Alfonso , Melo Manuela Costa 
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: elaborar protocolo operacional padrão para orientação de familiares, de crianças com disfunção neurogênica, na realização do cateterismo vesical intermitente limpo. Método: Trata-se de Pesquisa Aplicada para a elaboração do protocolo operacional padrão como instrumento de intervenção no cuidado e na educação em saúde aos familiares de criança com disfunções no trato urinário inferior, para uso no domicílio. O estudo ocorreu entre agosto de 2022 e julho de 2023. Resultados: O protocolo foi elaborado com a descrição das ações para aplicação antes, durante e após o procedimento do cateterismo vesical, como também a listagem de materiais. Utilizou-se como referencial teórico o Protocolo e Fluxograma de Atenção à Saúde no atendimento ao usuário com necessidade de cateterismo vesical intermitente, ambos da Saúde da Secretaria de Saúde do Distrito Federal, leitura crítica de artigos científicos sobre a temática e a Resolução n. 546/2017, do Conselho Federal de Enfermagem. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a elaboração do protocolo como ferramenta de educação em saúde poderá proporcionar o esclarecimento das dúvidas aos familiares, colabora para o cuidado integral e seguro no domicílio, aumento da autonomia do familiar
Exploring the Post-COVID Reasons for IPAPs Student Enrollment
Authors: Rash Chris , Urtel Mark 
Published: October 2024

Background: Many college students accumulate low levels of physical activity and even more so since the COVID-19 pandemic. Instructional physical activity programs (IPAPs) are a viable option for students to increase physical activity levels, but the reasons students take these courses have not been explored since the pandemic.
Aim: This pilot study explores the reasons students choose to take courses in an elective IPAP program.
Methods: This study employed a survey-based approach to investigate the reasons behind college students’ enrollment in IPAPs following the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey (n = 85) included demographic information, reasons for taking a course, courses students would have interest in taking, and preferred length and delivery mode.
Results: Findings revealed that the top three reasons for females to sign up for an activity course were: (1) wanted to learn a new activity, (2) to exercise regularly, and (3) to improve fitness. For males, the top three reasons were: (1) wanted to have fun, (2) to improve skills of the activity, and to (3) to exercise regularly.
Conclusions: Results from this study show high alignment and slight differences with similar research done prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, students appear to enjoy fun, fitness-based, and novel course options in IPAP programs.
College/University Instructional Physical Activity Program Support: History, Advocacy and Wellbeing Promotion Enhancement Through Inaugural National Summit
Authors: Nanney Lindsey W. , Olsen Amy D. 
Published: October 2024

College/University Instructional Physical Activity Programs (IPAP) have a long history in higher education and can effectively promote wellbeing among a large number of students. Despite IPAP benefits, prevalence has declined over the last few decades. Quality assurance, support, advocacy, innovation, and assessment are needed to strengthen IPAP. However, organizational support and resources for IPAP are lacking; thus, an inaugural National IPAP Summit was hosted in the Fall of 2023 to bring together IPAP professionals. Education, networking, support, resources, and innovative ideas were offered at the summit. Participants had unanimous positive feedback and support of future endeavors for IPAP professionals. Professional organization endorsement is needed to continue to offer opportunities, education, and support for IPAP professionals to maximize the wellbeing promotion potential and sustainability of IPAP.
Switzerland's net zero objective: quantifying impacts beyond borders
Authors: Menacho Alvaro Jose Hahn , Sacchi Romain , Bauer Christian , Moretti Christian , Burgherr Peter , Panos Evangelos 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

National energy system models are vital to climate policy. However, they do not assess environmental impacts beyond territorial greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Here, we evaluate a territorial net zero GHG emissions energy scenario for Switzerland coupled with life-cycle assessment to quantify non-domestic environmental burdens. We stress the limited insights from considering territorial GHG emissions only. Indeed, significant GHG emissions persist outside of Switzerland by 2050 (~3-5 Mtons CO2-eq./year) because of imports and energy related infrastructure, even though domestic emissions are reduced to net zero. Global climate policies influence the extra-territorial GHG emissions Switzerland is responsible for. Additionally, we must broaden the spectrum of environmental indicators in the context of many countries’ ambitions to achieve net zero goals. Our findings highlight the trade-offs involved, showing how environmental impacts other than those on climate change (ecosystem impacts, air pollution, natural resource use) could increase and shift from Switzerland to the rest of the world as the country electrifies its economy.
Estimation of the Characteristic Wavelength Parameter in 1D Leray-Burgers Equation with Physics-Informed Neural Network
Authors: KIM BONG-SIK , Choi Yuncherl , Lee Doo Seok 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

In this paper, we employ the Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) to estimate the practical range of the characteristic wavelength parameter α in the Leray-Burgers equation. The Leray-Burgers equation, a regularization of the inviscid Burgers equation, incorporates a Helmholtz filter with a characteristic wavelength α to replace the usual convective velocity, inducing a regularized convective velocity. The filter bends the equation’s characteristics slightly and makes them not intersect each other, leading to a global solution in time. By conducting computational experiments with various initial conditions, we determine the practical range of α >0 that closely approximates the solutions of the inviscidBurgers equation. Our findings indicate that the value of α depends on the initial data, with the practical range of α being between 0.01 and 0.05 for continuous initial profiles and between 0.01 and 0.03 for discontinuous initial profiles. The Leray-Burgers equation captures shock and rarefaction waves within the temporal domain for which training data exists. However, as the temporal domain extends beyond the training interval, data-driven forward computation demonstrates that the predictions generated by the PINN start to deviate from the exact solutions. This study also highlights the effectiveness and efficiency of the Leray-Burgersequation in real practical problems, specifically Traffic State Estimation.
Terahertz semiconductor laser chaos
Authors: Li Hua , Liu Binbin , Silvestri Carlo , Zhou Kang , Ma Xuhong , Wu Shumin , Li Ziping , Wan Wenjian , Zhang Zhenzhen , Zhang Ying , Peng Junsong , Zeng Heping , Wang Cheng , Brambilla Massimo , Columbo Lorenzo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Chaos characterized by its irregularity and high sensitivity to initial conditions finds various applications in secure optical communications, random number generations, light detection and ranging systems, etc. Semiconductor lasers serve as ideal light platforms for chaos generations owing to the advantages in on-chip integration and complex nonlinear effects. In near-infrared wavelengths, semiconductor laser based chaotic light sources have been extensively studied and experimentally demonstrated. However, in the terahertz (THz) spectral range, due to the lack of effective THz light sources and high-speed detectors, chaos generation in THz semiconductor lasers, e.g., quantum cascade lasers (QCLs), is particularly challenging. Due to the fast intersubband carrier transitions, single mode THz QCLs resemble Class A lasers, where chaos can be hardly excited, even with external perturbations. In this work, we experimentally show a THz chaos source based on a sole multimode THz QCL without any external perturbations. Such a dynamical regime is characterized by the largest Lyapunov exponent associated to the temporal traces of the measured radio frequency (intermode beatnote) signal of the laser. The experimental results and chaos validation are confirmed by simulations of our model based on effective semiconductor Maxwell-Bloch Equations. To further understand the physical mechanism of the chaos generation in THz QCLs, a reduced model based on two coupled complex Ginzburg-Landau equations is derived from the full model cited above to systematically investigate the effects of the linewidth enhancement factor and group velocity dispersion on the chaotic regime. This model allows us to show that the chaos generation in the THz QCL can be ascribed to the system attaining the defect mediated turbulence regime. Our findings pave the way for the generation of controllable and integrated THz chaos sources, as well as potential applications.