bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complicaciones infecciosas asociadas a la nefrolitotomía percutánea en un hospital universitario de Colombia
Authors: Jiménez Adriana María , Riatiga Ibañez Diego Armando , López Armando Sánchez , Daza Pupo José Daniel 
Published: March 2019

Introducción La Nefrolitotomía Percutánea (NLP), es una técnica mínimamente invasiva empleada para el manejo de los cálculos de gran tamaño. Diferentes tipos de complicaciones se pueden presentar después de ese procedimiento. El propósito de este estudio es establecer la frecuencia y características asociadas, de las complicaciones infecciosas de los pacientes sometidos a NLP en un hospital universitario de cuarto nivel de atención que es un centro de remisión de pacientes con patología urológica.
Materiales y Métodos Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo que evalúa 164 pacientes sometidos a NLP en el Hospital Universitario de San José de Bogotá (Colombia) desde enero 2010 hasta diciembre del 2014. Se buscó la incidencia de cualquier tipo de complicación infecciosa durante los 30 días del post operatorio. Se recolectó información concerniente a los antecedentes de hospitalización, uso de antibióticos, infección del tracto urinario, características del cálculo, profilaxis empleada, cultivos realizados, patrón de sensibilidad, necesidad de cambio de antibiótico y evolución.
Resultados Se incluyeron 164 pacientes, de los cuales 12,8% presentaron complicaciones infecciosas. El 95% de los pacientes pertenecían al sexo femenino, la infección más frecuente fue la de la vía urinaria (86%) y el microorganismo identificado con mayor frecuencia fue Escherichia coli que presentó solo un 42% de sensibilidad a la cefazolina. El 61,90% (13) de los pacientes presentaron sepsis, encontrando una mayor frecuencia en aquellos con antecedentes de: infección de vías urinaria (84,62%), hospitalización por cirugía (46,12%), cálculos >25 mm (92,31%) y densidad >1000 UH (38,46%).
Conclusiones Las infecciones son una de las complicaciones descritas posterior a una NLP debido a la destrucción de cálculos infecciosos de gran carga litíasica y asociados a la obstrucción del tracto urinario. Con el fin de minimizar ese riesgo, se debe administrar la profilaxis adecuada establecida de acuerdo a los factores de riesgo del paciente y a la epidemiología local. Es importante realizar cultivos de los fragmentos del cálculo con el fin de instaurar el antibiótico apropiado en caso de presentarse una infección.
Advancing conservation planning for western chimpanzees using IUCN SSC A.P.E.S.—the case of a taxon-specific database
Authors: Heinicke Stefanie , Mundry Roger , Boesch Christophe , Amarasekaran Bala , Barrie Abdulai , Brncic Terry , Brugière David , Campbell Geneviève , Carvalho Joana , Danquah Emmanuel , Dowd Dervla , Eshuis Henk , Fleury-Brugière Marie-Claire , Gamys Joel , Ganas Jessica , Gatti Sylvain , Ginn Laura , Goedmakers Annemarie , Granier Nicolas , Herbinger Ilka , Hillers Annika , Jones Sorrel , Junker Jessica , Kouakou Célestin Y , Lapeyre Vincent , Leinert Vera , Maisels Fiona , Marrocoli Sergio , Molokwu-Odozi Mary , N’Goran Paul K , Pacheco Liliana , Regnaut Sébastien , Sop Tenekwetche , Ton Els , van Schijndel Joost , Vergnes Virginie , Voigt Maria , Welsh Adam , Wessling Erin G , Williamson Elizabeth A , Kühl Hjalmar S 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Even though information on global biodiversity trends becomes increasingly available, large taxonomic and spatial data gaps persist at the scale relevant to planning conservation interventions. This is because data collectors are hesitant to share data with global repositories due to workload, lack of incentives, and perceived risk of losing intellectual property rights. In contrast, due to greater conceptual and methodological proximity, taxon-specific database initiatives can provide more direct benefits to data collectors through research collaborations and shared authorship. The IUCN SSC Ape Populations, Environments and Surveys (A.P.E.S.) database was created in 2005 as a repository for data on great apes and other primate taxa. It aims to acquire field survey data and make different types of data accessible, and provide up-to-date species status information. To support the current update of the conservation action plan for western chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) we compiled field surveys for this taxon from IUCN SSC A.P.E.S., 75% of which were unpublished. We used spatial modeling to infer total population size, range-wide density distribution, population connectivity and landscape-scale metrics. We estimated a total abundance of 52 800 (95% CI 17 577–96 564) western chimpanzees, of which only 17% occurred in national parks. We also found that 10% of chimpanzees live within 25 km of four multi-national ‘development corridors’ currently planned for West Africa. These large infrastructure projects aim to promote economic integration and agriculture expansion, but are likely to cause further habitat loss and reduce population connectivity. We close by demonstrating the wealth of conservation-relevant information derivable from a taxon-specific database like IUCN SSC A.P.E.S. and propose that a network of many more such databases could be created to provide the essential information to conservation that can neither be supplied by one-off projects nor by global repositories, and thus are highly complementary to existing initiatives.
Flexible Tests for USDA Report Announcement Effects in Futures Markets
Authors: Ying Jiahui , Chen Yu , Dorfman Jeffrey H 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe value of USDA reports in commodity futures markets has been intensively researched, but statistical hypothesis tests have been limited by the sheer number of reports and the consequent need to limit parameters to be estimated. This has led most tests of USDA report announcement effects to be based on single coefficients for each report series. We relax the implicit assumption that a report series has a constant impact on futures price volatility or returns in two ways in order to introduce more flexible tests for announcement effects. First, we introduce a time trend into the impact of announcements on futures price volatility to determine if USDA reports are becoming more or less influential over time. Then we allow each report to have a different impact on futures price returns using Theil‐Goldberger mixed estimation. The results show that many, but not all, USDA reports have significant effects on corn and soybean futures market returns or volatility.
Hypoxic-conditioned cardiosphere-derived cell sheet transplantation for chronic myocardial infarction
Authors: Fujita Akira , Ueno Koji , Saito Toshiro , Yanagihara Masashi , Kurazumi Hiroshi , Suzuki Ryo , Mikamo Akihito , Hamano Kimikazu 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Cell therapy provides a suitable environment for regeneration through paracrine effects such as secretion of growth factors. Cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) have a high capacity for growth factor secretion and are an attractive target for clinical applications. In particular, a cell sheet technique was reported to have clinical advantages by covering a specific region. Here, we examined the effect of the hypoxic-conditioned (HC) autologous CDC sheet therapy on a rabbit chronic myocardial infarction model.

METHODS
CDC sheet function was assessed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and quantified by polymerase chain reaction in vitro (days 1–3 of conditioning). The rabbit chronic myocardial infarction model was established by left coronary ligation. Autologous CDCs were isolated from the left atrial specimen; CDC sheets with or without 2-day HC were transplanted onto the infarcted hearts at 4 weeks. The cardiac function was assessed by an echocardiography at 0, 4 and 8 weeks. A histological analysis of the host hearts was performed by tomato lectin staining at 8 weeks.

RESULTS
The optimal HC duration was 48 h. HC significantly increased the mRNA expression levels of VEGF and ANG2 on day 2 compared to the normoxic-conditioned (NC) group. The HC group showed significant improvement in the left ventricular ejection fraction (64.4% vs 58.8% and 53.4% in the NC and control) and a greater lectin-positive area in the ischaemic region (HC:NC:control = 13:8:2).

CONCLUSIONS
HC enhances the paracrine effect of a CDC sheet on angiogenesis to improve cardiac function in the chronic myocardial infarction model, which is essential for cardiomyocyte proliferation during cardiac regeneration.
Effects of systematic bisphosphonate use in patients under orthodontic treatment: a systematic review
Authors: Zymperdikas Vasileios F , Yavropoulou Maria P , Kaklamanos Eleftherios G , Papadopoulos Moschos A 
Published: March 2019

Summary

Background
Bisphosphonates are a class of drugs prescribed for several osseous related disorders owing to their ability to regulate bone turnover, which could in turn affect orthodontic treatment outcomes.

Objective
To examine the effect of bisphosphonate (BP) use on orthodontic patients through clinical and radiographic measurements.

Search methods
Systematic and unrestricted search of 17 databases complemented with additional hand-searches were performed up to March 2019.

Selection criteria
Articles reporting on human patients with a history of BPs administration that received orthodontic treatment were eligible for inclusion.

Data collection and analysis
Data regarding the medical profile of the patients, the specific type of malocclusion and the performed treatment plan, as well as the clinical and radiographic outcomes were extracted. Quality assessment was performed by the ROBINS-I tool for the cohort studies and by a slightly modified checklist from the original one proposed by Agbabiaka et al. for the case reports.

Results
7 articles (1 retrospective cohort study and 6 case reports) were eventually included in the present review including 122 subjects (29 patients and 93 controls) reporting on the clinical and radiographic changes following orthodontic treatment of patients during or after BPs use. BPs seem to have a controversial effect on the clinical and patient-reported variables, even though the majority of the included patients presented with compromised treatment results and a rather slow rate of tooth movement. Most radiographic findings revealed mild root resorption, widened periodontal ligament spaces and sclerotic changes on the surrounding alveolar bone. However, these results should be interpreted with caution, due to the limited number of the eligible articles and their limitations.

Limitations
The included studies were of rather low quality due to study design and incomplete reporting.

Conclusions and implications
BP administration seems to be associated with compromised clinical outcomes, prolonged treatment time, and moderate changes on the roots and surrounding tissues of orthodontic patients.

Registration
Non-registered.

Funding
None.
Analysis of a new class of rational RBF expansions
Authors: Buhmann Martin D , De Marchi Stefano , Perracchione Emma 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe propose a new method, namely an eigen-rational kernel-based scheme, for multivariate interpolation via mesh-free methods. It consists of a fractional radial basis function (RBF) expansion, with the denominator depending on the eigenvector associated to the largest eigenvalue of the kernel matrix. Classical bounds in terms of Lebesgue constants and convergence rates with respect to the mesh size of the eigen-rational interpolant are indeed comparable with those of classical kernel-based methods. However, the proposed approach takes advantage of rescaling the classical RBF expansion providing more robust approximations. Theoretical analysis, numerical experiments and applications support our findings.
Escalation of Pyrethroid Resistance in the Malaria Vector Anopheles funestus Induces a Loss of Efficacy of Piperonyl Butoxide–Based Insecticide-Treated Nets in Mozambique
Authors: Riveron Jacob M , Huijben Silvie , Tchapga Williams , Tchouakui Magellan , Wondji Murielle J , Tchoupo Micareme , Irving Helen , Cuamba Nelson , Maquina Mara , Paaijmans Krijn , Wondji Charles S 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundInsecticide resistance poses a serious threat to insecticide-based interventions in Africa. There is a fear that resistance escalation could jeopardize malaria control efforts. Monitoring of cases of aggravation of resistance intensity and its impact on the efficacy of control tools is crucial to predict consequences of resistance.MethodsThe resistance levels of an Anopheles funestus population from Palmeira, southern Mozambique, were characterized and their impact on the efficacy of various insecticide-treated nets established.ResultsA dramatic loss of efficacy of all long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs), including piperonyl butoxide (PBO)–based nets (Olyset Plus), was observed. This An. funestus population consistently (2016, 2017, and 2018) exhibited a high degree of pyrethroid resistance. Molecular analyses revealed that this resistance escalation was associated with a massive overexpression of the duplicated cytochrome P450 genes CYP6P9a and CYP6P9b, and also the fixation of the resistance CYP6P9a_R allele in this population in 2016 (100%) in contrast to 2002 (5%). However, the low recovery of susceptibility after PBO synergist assay suggests that other resistance mechanisms could be involved.ConclusionsThe loss of efficacy of pyrethroid-based LLINs with and without PBO is a concern for the effectiveness of insecticide-based interventions, and action should be taken to prevent the spread of such super-resistance.
Vaccine coverage for Lebanese citizens and Syrian refugees in Lebanon
Authors: Kmeid Maria , Azouri Hayat , Aaraj Racha , Bechara Elissa , Antonios Diane 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Article History
Following the refugee crisis in Lebanon, the on-going inflow of Syrian refugees presented new challenges to optimal immunization coverage for all the children living in the country. Healthcare facilities have been overburdened during this period and the country witnessed outbreaks of many infectious diseases. Thus, the evaluation of vaccine compliance for mandatory and non-mandatory vaccines as well as the factors affecting the vaccination rate among Lebanese residents and Syrian refugees is fundamental.

Background
Since 2012, Lebanon has hosted around 1.2 million Syrian refugees, a high number in a country whose population does not exceed 4.4 million. Healthcare facilities have been overburdened during this period, which has led to the spread of many infectious diseases, including outbreaks of measles, mumps and hepatitis. At the appearance of such outbreaks, it becomes essential to evaluate vaccine compliance and the factors influencing the vaccination rate among Lebanese residents and Syrian refugees in infants and children up to 15 y of age.

Methods
A total of 571 infants and children were recruited in Beirut and Mount Lebanon, two governorates that together host half of the Lebanese population.

Results
A very high rate of vaccine compliance was seen for mandatory vaccines, whereas an intermediate to very low rate of compliance was found for non-mandatory vaccines. Both bivariate and multiple regression analyses indicated that age group and regular consultation of a pediatrician were independently associated with immunization coverage. Bivariate analysis indicated that parental age, occupational and educational status of parents, family size and vaccine price were also independently associated with immunization coverage. Incomplete vaccination coverage was associated with socioeconomic factors.

Conclusions
From these results, it becomes apparent that it may be necessary to reassess vaccination priorities considering the current socioeconomic situation.
Perception, transduction, and integration of nitrogen and phosphorus nutritional signals in the transcriptional regulatory network in plants
Authors: Ueda Yoshiaki , Yanagisawa Shuichi 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Nitrate and phosphate ions are major sources of nitrogen and phosphorus for plants. In addition to their vital roles as indispensable macronutrients, these ions function as signalling molecules and induce a variety of responses. Plants adapt to different levels of nutrients by altering their gene expression profile and subsequent physiological and morphological responses. Advances made in recent years have provided novel insights into plant nutrient sensing and modulation of gene expression. Key breakthroughs include elucidation of the mechanisms underlying post-translational regulation of NIN-LIKE PROTEIN (NLP) and PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE (PHR) family transcription factors, which function as master regulators of responses to nitrate and phosphate starvation, respectively. Determination of the mechanisms whereby these nutrient signals are integrated through NIGT1/HHO family proteins has likewise represented important progress. Further studies have revealed novel roles in nutrient signalling of transcription factors that have previously been shown to be associated with other signals, such as light and phytohormones. Nitrate and phosphate signals are thus transmitted through an intricate gene regulatory network with the help of various positive and negative transcriptional regulators. These complex regulatory patterns enable plants to integrate input signals from various environmental factors and trigger appropriate responses, as exemplified by the regulatory module involving NIGT1/HHO family proteins. These mechanisms collectively support nutrient homeostasis in plants.
Constraining the magnetic field on white dwarf surfaces; Zeeman effects and fine structure constant variation
Authors: Hu J , Webb J K , Ayres T R , Bainbridge M B , Barrow J D , Barstow M A , Berengut J C , Carswell R F , Dzuba V A , Flambaum V V , Holberg J B , Lee C C , Preval S P , Reindl N , Tchang-Brillet W-Ü L 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
White dwarf (WD) atmospheres are subjected to gravitational potentials around 105 times larger than occur on Earth. They provide a unique environment in which to search for any possible variation in fundamental physics in the presence of strong gravitational fields. However, a sufficiently strong magnetic field will alter absorption line profiles and introduce additional uncertainties in measurements of the fine structure constant. Estimating the magnetic field strength is thus essential in this context. Here, we model the absorption profiles of a large number of atomic transitions in the WD photosphere, including first-order Zeeman effects in the line profiles, varying the magnetic field as a free parameter. We apply the method to a high signal-to-noise, high-resolution, far-ultraviolet Hubble Space Telescope/Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph spectrum of the WD G191−B2B. The method yields a sensitive upper limit on its magnetic field of B &lt; 2300 G at the 3σ level. Using this upper limit, we find that the potential impact of quadratic Zeeman shifts on measurements of the fine structure constant in G191−B2B is 4 orders of magnitude below laboratory wavelength uncertainties.
Studying the physical properties of tidal features – I. Extracting morphological substructure in CANDELS observations and VELA simulations
Authors: Mantha Kameswara Bharadwaj , McIntosh Daniel H , Ciaschi Cody P , Evan Rubyet , Ferguson Henry C , Fries Logan B , Guo Yicheng , Koekemoer Anton M , Landry Luther D , McGrath Elizabeth J , Simons Raymond C , Snyder Gregory F , Thompson Scott E , Bell Eric F , Ceverino Daniel , Hathi Nimish P , Pacifici Camilla , Primack Joel R , Rafelski Marc , Rodriguez-Gomez Vicente 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The role of major mergers in galaxy evolution remains a key open question. Existing empirical merger identification methods use non-parametric and subjective visual classifications that can pose systematic challenges to constraining merger histories. As a first step towards overcoming these challenges, we develop and share publicly a new python-based software tool that identifies and extracts the flux-wise and area-wise significant contiguous regions from the model-subtracted residual images produced by popular parametric light-profile fitting tools (e.g. galfit). Using Hubble Space Telescope (HST) H-band single-Sérsic residual images of 17 CANDELS galaxies, we demonstrate the tools ability to measure the surface brightness and improve the qualitative identification of a variety of common residual features (disc structures, spiral substructures, plausible tidal features, and strong gravitational arcs). We test our method on synthetic HST observations of a z ∼ 1.5 major merger from the VELA hydrodynamic simulations. We extract H-band residual features corresponding to the birth, growth, and fading of tidal features during different stages and viewing orientations at CANDELS depths and resolution. We find that the extracted features at shallow depths have noisy visual appearance and are susceptible to viewing angle effects. For a VELA z ∼ 3 major merger, we find that James Webb Space Telescope NIRCam observations can probe high-redshift tidal features with considerable advantage over existing HST capabilities. Further quantitative analysis of plausible tidal features extracted with our new software hold promise for the robust identification of hallmark merger signatures and corresponding improvements to merger rate constraints.
Decorrelating the errors of the galaxy correlation function with compact transformation matrices
Authors: Yuan Sihan , Eisenstein Daniel J 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Covariance matrix estimation is a persistent challenge for cosmology, often requiring a large number of synthetic mock catalogues. The off-diagonal components of the covariance matrix also make it difficult to show representative error bars on the 2-point correlation function (2PCF) since errors computed from the diagonal values of the covariance matrix greatly underestimate the uncertainties. We develop a routine for decorrelating the projected and anisotropic 2PCF with simple and scale-compact transformations on the 2PCF. These transformation matrices are modelled after the Cholesky decomposition and the symmetric square root of the Fisher matrix. Using mock catalogues, we show that the transformed projected and anisotropic 2PCF recover the same structure as the original 2PCF while producing largely decorrelated error bars. Specifically, we propose simple Cholesky-based transformation matrices that suppress the off-diagonal covariances on the projected 2PCF by ${\sim } 95{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ and that on the anisotropic 2PCF by ${\sim } 87{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$. These transformations also serve as highly regularized models of the Fisher matrix, compressing the degrees of freedom so that one can fit for the Fisher matrix with a much smaller number of mocks.