bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bank Regulation under Fire Sale Externalities
Authors: Kara Gazi I , Ozsoy S Mehmet 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We examine the optimal design of and interaction between capital and liquidity regulations. Banks, not internalizing fire sale externalities, overinvest in risky assets and underinvest in liquid assets in the competitive equilibrium. Capital requirements can alleviate the inefficiency, but banks respond by decreasing their liquidity ratios. When capital requirements are the only available tool, the regulator tightens them to offset banks’ lower liquidity ratios, leading to fewer risky assets and less liquidity compared with the second best. Macroprudential liquidity requirements that complement capital regulations implement the second best, improve financial stability, and allow for more investment in risky assets.
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Motherhood Wage Penalties in Latin America: The Significance of Labor Informality
Authors: Villanueva Aida , Lin Ken-Hou 
Published: October 2019

Abstractrevious research has established the presence of a motherhood wage penalty in many developed societies; however, whether mothers face similar disadvantages in developing countries remains underexplored. This article argues that different intervening factors emerge when considering mothers’ labor compensation in developing contexts. Labor informality, a key characteristic of labor markets in developing countries, could play a significant role in shaping the wage consequence of motherhood. Using microdata from 43 national household surveys conducted between 2000 and 2017, we analyze five Latin American countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, and Peru. After accounting for selection into employment and human capital, we find that mothers receive lower wages than childless women in all five countries. The penalties are similar to those found in some developed countries, ranging from 12 percent in Brazil to 21 percent in Chile. Mothers’ higher likelihood to work in the informal sector accounts for part of the wage gap.
The Pathway to Improving Human and Economic Development: Girls’ Secondary Education, Governance, and Education Expenditures
Authors: Sommer Jamie M , Fallon Kathleen M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
An extensive field of research identifies girls’ secondary education as central to improving human and economic development. Despite improvements in girls’ secondary education enrollment, there are still over 34 million female adolescents out of school—the majority in developing nations. While gender equity in education has improved, girls still lag behind boys in secondary education enrollments. Building on existing research, we argue that the failures of education spending in creating equitable access to secondary education are due to a lack of governance. We contend that strong governance has the potential to increase the effectiveness of education expenditures at improving female secondary education relative to males. Using two-way fixed effects models for a sample of 105 low and middle-income nations from 1997 to 2012, we examine how the interaction between four measures of governance and education expenditures impact gender equity in secondary education. Our findings suggest that governance increases the effectiveness of education expenditures in improving girls’ secondary education enrollment compared to males.
The Silver Bullet? Assessing the Role of Education for Sustainability
Authors: Kelly Orla 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The United Nations 2030 agenda for sustainable development calls on nation states to invest in national development trajectories that promote both human and environmental well-being. Given the complexity of this plan, and the increasing severity of the climate crisis, understanding the relationship between nations’ social and environmental outcomes is a critical task for social scientists. Raising national rates of educational attainment is a cornerstone national and international governance goal. This paper integrates Amartya Sen’s conceptualization of education as the expansion of human capabilities, with the ecological modernization position that more educated societies may be less ecologically intensive, and tests the resultant hypothesis that gains in education may support global sustainability. Specifically, this study uses two-way fixed effects longitudinal modeling techniques to assess the relationship between national educational attainment and the carbon intensity of well-being (CIWB) for 76 nations between 1960 and 2010. The CIWB ratio is a well-established metric for sustainability within sociology. The findings indicate that gains in educational attainment played an important historical role in reducing the carbon intensity with which nation states produce well-being for its citizens. Less encouraging, from a global sustainability perspective, is the uneven distribution of these desirable effects across regions, and the diminishment of the education effect over time in all regions outside of advanced economies.
Rural independent and corporate Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)-authorized store owners’ and managers’ perceived feasibility to implement marketing-mix and choice-architecture strategies to encourage healthy consumer purchases
Authors: Houghtaling Bailey , Serrano Elena , Dobson Liza , Chen Susan , Kraak Vivica I , Harden Samantha M , Davis George C , Misyak Sarah 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participants could benefit from exposure to marketing-mix and choice-architecture (MMCA) strategies that encourage healthy consumer purchases. However, the perceived feasibility of independent and corporate SNAP-authorized store owners and managers (e.g., retailers) to implement healthy MMCA strategies is understudied. The purpose of this study was to inform a healthy food retail program that meets both public health and business expectations by prioritizing retailer perspectives. A mixed methods approach was used. Retailers completed a card sorting exercise to determine perceived feasibility to implement MMCA strategies place, profile, portion, pricing, promotion, priming, prompting, and proximity. This process was audio-recorded. Chi-square was used to identify potential differences in perceived feasibility to implement healthy MMCA strategies between independent and corporate SNAP-authorized retailers. Qualitative data were coded among a panel to construct themes. Themes were organized by barriers and facilitators and coded for strategy acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility. SNAP-authorized retailers’ (n = 29) considered prompting (e.g., labeling; 83%) and proximity (e.g., location; 90%) strategies to encourage healthy consumer purchases highly feasible. Few differences were detected between independent and corporate retailers’ perceived feasibility to implement healthy MMCA strategies. The largest barriers to implementing healthy MMCA strategies were related to strategy appropriateness. Priorities for healthy food retail initiatives included prompting and proximity changes that highlight products aligned with the DGA, without altering products available to consumers that are misaligned with the DGA. Future work is required to understand how other healthy MMCA strategies may be adapted to enhance their appropriateness for these settings.
The Health Economic Impact of Living Cell Tissue Products in the Treatment of Chronic Wounds: A Retrospective Analysis of Medicare Claims Data
Authors: Barbul Adrian , Gelly Helen , Masturzo Arti 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To investigate differences in wound-related costs; product waste; lower-extremity amputations; and number of applications, hospitalizations, and emergency room visits among patients treated with three cellular and/or tissue-based products.

METHODS
This retrospective intent-to-treat matched-cohort study analyzed the full Medicare claims dataset from 2011 to 2014. Patients who received either a bilayer cellular construct (BLCC), dermal skin substitute (DSS), or cryopreserved human skin allograft (CHSA) were concurrently matched for Charlson Comorbidity Index, age, sex, and region, resulting in 14,546 study patients. Key variables were reported at 60, 90, and 180 days after the first product application.

RESULTS
There were no statistically significant differences in the distribution of Charlson Comorbidity Index, age, sex, and region among cohorts. Wound-related costs and product wastage were lower for CHSA patients relative to both BLCC and DSS patients at all time intervals (P < .05). Patients treated with CHSA received fewer product applications than DSS at 90 and 180 days (P < .05). Amputations were significantly higher among patients treated with DSS than either CHSA or BLCC (P < .0001).

CONCLUSIONS
The data demonstrate that wound-related costs, product waste, amputations, and frequency of applications are lower for CHSA than DSS. Wound-related costs and product waste are lower for CHSA compared with BLCC. Further claims analysis and prospective clinical trials could help develop appropriate quality measures and reimbursement models to ensure smarter spending for the growing population of patients with chronic wounds.
Disorders of CTLA-4 expression, how they lead to CVID and dysregulated immune responses
Authors: Sun Di , Heimall Jennifer 
Published: October 2019

Purpose of review
The landscape of common variable immunodeficiency disorder (CVID) is rapidly evolving as the availability of next-generation sequencing leads to the discovery of new monogenic causes with the clinical phenotype of CVID. Herein, the biology of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein four (CTLA-4), differentially expressed in FDCP6 homolog (DEF6), and lipopolysaccharide responsive beige-like anchor protein (LRBA), and their impact on the development of a dysregulated, rather than an isolated, infectious phenotype of CVID are explored.

Recent findings
The broad clinical phenotype associated with these monogenic forms of CVID is described, and common approaches to treatment are reviewed.

Summary
Knowledge of the biology, clinical manifestations, and treatment options trialed thus far in patients with CTLA-4 insufficiency, DEF6 deficiency, and LRBA deficiency are essential in the consideration and effective management of patients with CVID stemming from these monogenic causes.
Pilot Study of an Integrated Smartphone and Breathalyzer Contingency Management Intervention for Alcohol Use
Authors: Oluwoye Oladunni , Reneau Hailey , Herron Jalene , Alcover Karl C. , McPherson Sterling , Roll John , McDonell Michael G. 
Published: October 2019

Introduction:
Monitoring devices provide a platform for assessing alcohol use and implementing alcohol interventions. This pilot study focused on assessing the early-stage feasibility and usability of a smartphone-based application and breathalyzer used in a contingency management intervention for alcohol use.

Methods:
Six nontreatment-seeking participants completed a 9-week ABA within-subjects designed intervention targeting alcohol use. Participants submitted 2 to 8 alcohol breathalyzer samples per day and completed self-report drinking measures and usability assessments. During the A phases (weeks 1–3 and 8–9), participants received reinforces for submitting breathalyzer samples, regardless of their results. During the contingency management, B phase (weeks 4–7), and received reinforcers only when negative breathalyzer samples were submitted. Usability assessment of the application was also conducted during weeks 2 and 9.

Results:
Participants in the contingent B phase (49%) were more likely to submit alcohol-negative breathalyzer samples compared with the noncontingent A phases (27%; P < 0.001). Usability assessment of the application varied, and participants noted several technical concerns.

Conclusion:
The use of smartphones and breathalyzers may be a practical solution to extend the reach of contingency management during and after treatment.
Self-reported Health Diagnoses and Demographic Correlates With Kratom Use: Results From an Online Survey
Authors: Bath Rhiannon , Bucholz Tanner , Buros Amy F. , Singh Darshan , Smith Kirsten E. , Veltri Charles A. , Grundmann Oliver 
Published: October 2019

Objectives:
To determine whether diagnosed pre-existing health conditions correlate with Kratom demographics and use patterns.

Methods:
A cross-sectional, anonymous US national online survey was conducted among 8049 Kratom users in October, 2016 to obtain demographic, health, and Kratom use pattern information.

Results:
People who use Kratom to mitigate illicit drug dependence self-reported less pain and better overall health than individuals who used Kratom for acute/chronic pain. Self-reported improvements in pre-existing mental health symptoms (attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder/attention deficit disorder, anxiety, bipolar disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and depression) attributed to Kratom use were greater than those related to somatic symptoms (back pain, rheumatoid arthritis, acute pain, chronic pain, fibromyalgia). Demographic variables, including female sex, older age, employment status, and insurance coverage correlated with increased likelihood of Kratom use.

Conclusions:
Kratom use may serve as a self-treatment strategy for a diverse population of patients with pre-existing health diagnoses. Healthcare providers need to be engaging with patients to address safety concerns and potential limitations of its use in clinical practice for specific health conditions.
Lumbar Axial Rotation Kinematics in an Upright Sitting and With Forward Bending Positions in Men With Nonspecific Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: Masharawi Youssef , Haj Alaa , Weisman Asaf 
Published: October 2019

Study Design.
A controlled cross-sectional study.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to compare the kinematics of lumbar axial rotation while sitting in an upright and forward bending position in men suffering with and without nonspecific chronic low back pain (NSCLBP).

Summary of Background Data.
Lumbar rotation while sitting is an important factor in the mechanism of low back pain. Nevertheless, its kinematics has scarcely been investigated.

Methods.
Range of motion (ROM in), average velocity (AV), maximum velocity (MV), and maximal acceleration (MA) of lumbar rotation while sitting in an upright (UP-sitting) and full forward bending position (FFB-sitting) were examined using an industrial lumbar motion monitor in 50 men (25 with NSCLBP and 25 controls). Pain level and the Rolland Morris questionnaire (RMQ) were also included.

Results.
All examined kinematical parameters were significantly lower in men with NSCLBP compared with the controls (↓ROM = 16%–29%; ↓AV = 35%–53%; ↓MV = 3%–46%; ↓MA = 7%–44%) and significantly decreased when moving from UP-sitting to FFB-sitting. In the UP-sitting, the ROM and AV in both groups and the right rotation-MV in the NSCLBP group were always greater during the right rotation compared to the left (NSCLBP = ROM: Δ3.92°, AV: Δ2.74°/s, MV:Δ3.61°/s; controls = ROM: Δ3.46°, AV: Δ1.72°/s). The left rotation-MV was significantly greater compared to the right only in FFB-sitting in the controls (Δ3.03°/s). In all kinematical parameters in the NSCLBP group, no correlations were found in the visual analogue scale (VAS) levels (4.43 ± 1.47) or RMQ total score (12.32 ± 5.44).

Conclusion.
The kinematic parameters of lumbar rotation were reduced in men with NSCLBP compared with controls both in an UP-sitting and FFB-sitting. In both groups, NSCLBP and controls, asymmetry in lumbar rotation kinematics was indicated as well as a decrease when moving from UP-sitting to FFB-sitting.

Level of Evidence: 3
Associations Between Preconception Plasma Fatty Acids and Pregnancy Outcomes
Authors: Kim Keewan , Browne Richard W. , Nobles Carrie J. , Radin Rose G. , Holland Tiffany L. , Omosigho Ukpebo R. , Connell Matthew T. , Plowden Torie C. , Wilcox Brian D. , Silver Robert M. , Perkins Neil J. , Schisterman Enrique F. , Nichols Christina M. , Kuhr Daniel L. , Sjaarda Lindsey A. , Mumford Sunni L. 
Published: October 2019

Background:Although fatty acids are involved in critical reproductive processes, the relationship between specific fatty acids and fertility is uncertain. We investigated the relationship between preconception plasma fatty acids and pregnancy outcomes.Methods:We included 1,228 women attempting pregnancy with one to two previous pregnancy losses from the EAGeR trial (2007–2011). Plasma fatty acids were measured at baseline. We used log-binomial regression to assess associations between fatty acids and pregnancy, pregnancy loss, and live birth, adjusting for age, race, smoking, BMI, physical activity, income, parity, treatment arm, and cholesterol.Results:Although total saturated fatty acids (SFAs) were not associated with pregnancy outcomes, 14:0 (myristic acid; relative risk [RR] = 1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02, 1.19, per 0.1% increase) and 20:0 (arachidic acid; RR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.01, 1.08, per 0.1% increase) were positively associated with live birth. Findings suggested a positive association between total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and pregnancy and live birth and an inverse association with loss. Total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were associated with lower probability of pregnancy (RR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.95, 1.00) and live birth (RR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.94, 0.99), and increased risk of loss (RR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.00, 1.20), per 1% increase. Trans fatty acids and n-3 fatty acids were not associated with pregnancy outcomes.Conclusions:Preconception total plasma MUFAs were positively associated with pregnancy and live birth. PUFAs were inversely associated with pregnancy outcomes. Specific SFAs were associated with a higher probability of live birth. Our results suggest that fatty acids may influence pregnancy outcomes.
Exposure to Persistent Organic Pollutants and Birth Characteristics
Authors: Bell Griffith A. , Perkins Neil , Buck Louis Germaine M. , Kannan Kurunthachalam , Bell Erin M. , Gao Chongjing , Yeung Edwina H. 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) may be associated with obesogenic effects in offspring. Our study is the first to investigate associations between concentrations of POPs from newborn dried blood spots (DBS) and birth characteristics.

Methods:
Concentrations of 10 polychlorinated biphenyl congeners (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ether-47 (PBDE-47), and p,p′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p′-DDE) were measured from DBSs collected at birth from 2,065 singleton infants. DBS samples were pooled in groups of five and assayed together to reach limits of detection. Differences in risk of large for gestational age (LGA, defined as >90th percentile of birth weight for sex and gestational age), small for gestational age (SGA, <10th), and preterm birth (gestational age <37 weeks) were estimated using logistic regression per unit (ng/ml) increase in concentration of each chemical, adjusting for individual-level covariates, including maternal age, race/ethnicity, prepregnancy BMI, education, parity, smoking, and infant sex while assuming a gamma distribution and using multiple imputation to account for pools.

Results:
There were 215 (11.3%) singletons born LGA, 158 (7.5%) born SGA, and 157 (7.6%) born preterm. Higher concentrations of POPs were positively associated with slightly higher risk of LGA and higher birth weight.

Conclusions:
Relationships between POPs measured in newborn DBS and birth size were mixed. Pooled analysis methods using DBS could address challenges in limits of detection and costs for population-based research.
Comparison of temperature-mortality associations estimated with different exposure metrics
Authors: Weinberger Kate R. , Spangler Keith R. , Zanobetti Antonella , Schwartz Joel D. , Wellenius Gregory A. 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Studies of the short-term association between ambient temperature and mortality often use temperature observations from a single monitoring station, frequently located at the nearest airport, to represent the exposure of individuals living across large areas. Population-weighted temperature estimates constructed from gridded meteorological data may offer an opportunity to improve exposure assessment in locations where station observations do not fully capture the average exposure of the population of interest.

Methods:
We compared the association between daily mean temperature and mortality in each of 113 United States counties using (1) temperature observations from a single weather station and (2) population-weighted temperature estimates constructed from a gridded meteorological dataset. We used distributed lag nonlinear models to estimate the 21-day cumulative association between temperature and mortality in each county, 1987–2006, adjusting for seasonal and long-term trends, day of week, and holidays.

Results:
In the majority (73.4%) of counties, the relative risk of death on extremely hot days (99th percentile of weather station temperature) versus the minimum mortality temperature was larger when generated from the population-weighted estimates. In contrast, relative risks on extremely cold days (first percentile of weather station temperature) were often larger when generated from the weather station observations. In most counties, the difference in associations estimated from the two temperature metrics was small.

Conclusions:
In a large, multi-site analysis, temperature-mortality associations were largely similar when estimated from weather station observations versus population-weighted temperature estimates. However, spatially refined exposure data may be more appropriate for analyses seeking to elucidate local health effects.
Patient-reported Aesthetic Satisfaction following Facial Skin Cancer Surgery Using the FACE-Q Skin Cancer Module
Authors: Vaidya Toral S. , Mori Shoko , Khoshab Nima , Dusza Stephen W. , Bander Thomas , Matros Evan , Rossi Anthony M. , Nehal Kishwer S. , Lee Erica H. 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Over 5 million basal and squamous cell skin cancers are diagnosed each year. Seventy to 80% of these cancers occur in the head and neck region, for which surgical excision is the standard treatment. As patient satisfaction and quality of life are among the most important outcomes in plastic and reconstructive surgery, understanding patient perception of aesthetic postoperative outcome is critical. The objective of this study was to assess aesthetic satisfaction following facial skin cancer surgery using the FACE-Q Skin Cancer Module in the context of sociodemographic and clinical factors.

Methods:
This is a single-center, cross-sectional study in a tertiary care cancer setting of patients who underwent facial skin cancer surgery from March 1, 2016, to March 31, 2018. Patients completed the FACE-Q Skin Cancer Satisfaction with Facial Appearance and Appraisal of Scar scales postoperatively, between May 21, 2018, and October 1, 2018.

Results:
Patients completed the Satisfaction with Facial Appearance (n = 405) and Appraisal of Scar scales (n = 408) postoperatively (response rate 39%). Lower postoperative facial appearance and scar satisfaction scores were associated with female gender, younger age (<65 years), surgery location on the lip or nose, repair by flap or graft, and greater defect size. Linear regression models established that younger age, female gender, nose location, and flap repair were independently predictive of lower aesthetic satisfaction.

Conclusions:
Sociodemographic factors, central facial location, and repair type strongly contribute to aesthetic satisfaction following facial skin cancer surgery. This patient-reported data may guide counseling regarding postoperative aesthetic outcome and inform patient expectations.