bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Argent et religions
Authors: Bengarai Tarik , Boissière Yann , Morley Jean-Paul , Pedotti Christine , Bouilloud Jean-Philippe 
Published: January 2019

La table ronde reprise dans cet article a eu pour but d’interroger les grandes religions monothéistes dans leur rapport à l’argent. Au-delà des textes sacrés initiaux, qui définissent les interdits (le prêt à intérêt, par exemple) et organisent les « bonnes pratiques » de l’argent, plusieurs points émergent de façon transversale : l’argent est un élément du lien social, il doit circuler et essayer de rééquilibrer les inégalités sociales. Ensuite, sa valeur morale sous-jacente procède à la fois de son origine et, surtout, de son emploi. C’est dans l’emploi de l’argent et dans sa place dans le monde social que réside in fine la cohérence, ou l’incohérence, entre les pratiques de l’argent et les textes religieux.
Les conduites défensives dans les groupes freins à la créativité dans un serious game : l’exemple de cadres formés au management d’équipe
Authors: Martin Lydia 
Published: January 2019

La recherche en psychosociologie du travail dont est issu cet article porte sur l’utilisation d’un serious game (« jeu sérieux ») pour former des cadres au management d’équipe. L’auteur s’intéresse à la créativité et au travail par la médiation du jeu. Elle appuie sa réflexion sur le concept théorique du jeu tel que défini par Winnicott ainsi que sur les différences sémantiques, en anglais, entre «  play » et « game ». En partant de ses observations de 16 situations de jeu et des entretiens associés avec les 44 cadres volontaires rencontrés, elle a constaté un degré faible de créativité. La question s’est posée de comprendre quelles sont les conditions qui ont empêché dans l’expérience du jeu la créativité. L’une des raisons fait référence aux conduites défensives dans les groupes.
Surgical Outcomes of Epibulbar Dermoids
Authors: Panda Anita , Ghose Suprio , Khokhar Sudarshan , Das Hrishikesh 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Purpose: To evaluate results of lamellar keratoplasty in limbal dermoid.
Methods: The ocular records were reviewed of 155 consecutive eyes with solid epibulbar dermoids that underwent lamellar keratoplasty at Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences from 1977 to 1998. According to the size and location, the dermoids were managed surgically either by sectoral, annular, or central lamellar keratoplasty.
Results: AH but 16 eyes improved cosmetically; while all the patients showed reduction in astigmatism, 116 eyes improved functionally.
Conclusion: Excision with lamellar keratoplasty appears to be an effective means of management for extensive limbal dermoid. To avoid development of amblyopia, surgery at an early age is preferred.
Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 2002;39:20-25.
Extraocular Muscle Surgery in Dysthyroid Orbitomyopathy: Influence of Previous Conditions on Surgical Results
Authors: Oguz Velittin , Yolar Murat , Pazarli Halit 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Purpose: To determine the influente of previous treatments other than the surgical treatment of restrictive myopathy resulting from dysthyroid orbitomyopathy.
Methods: The outcome of 23 cases with dysthyroid orbitomyopathy was evaluated after extraocular muscle surgery.
Results: It has been observed that the duration of the orbitomyopathy, severity of myopathy of the deviation angle, and the modality of treatment prior to surgery (radiotherapy and corticotherapy) did not influence surgical outcome. Binocular single vision was achieved in primary and reading positions in 14 of 23 cases (60.9%) after surgery while prisms were required to achieve the same result in 5 cases (21.7%).
Conclusion: It is concluded that previous treatment does not influence the results of extraocular muscle surgery in patients with dysthyroid orbitomyopathy.
Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strasbismus 2002;39:77-80.
Effect of Levodopa and Carbidopa in Human Amblyopia
Authors: Pandey P K , Chaudhuri Zia , Kumar Maneesh , Satyabala K , Sharma Pankaj 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Background: To assess the role of continuous therapy for 3 weeks with levodopa and carbidopa in the management of human ambiyopia in children and adults.
Method: There were 88 amblyopic eyes of 82 subjects included in this double masked randomized prospective clinical trial. Levodopa and carbidopa combination in 2 different dosage schedules were given to both adults and children. The response was monitored of the improvement in visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and visually evoked potentials.
Result: Patients receiving higher dosages of levodopa and carbidopa in both adults and children showed a better response to treatment. However, the effect did not last beyond 9 weeks of stopping treatment.
Conclusion: Though levodopa and carbidopa therapy may not be able to ameliorate ambiyopia on its own on a long-term basis, it may be considered nonetheless to be an important adjunct to conventional therapy because it may improve patient compliance for occlusion by improving visual acuity in the amblyopic eye. Thus, it offers promise of improving the functional outcome in these cases. However, longer follow-up trials are needed to substantiate these conclusions.
Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 2002;39:81-89.
Long-Term Results of Superior Oblique Tendon Elongation for Brown's Syndrome
Authors: Stolovitch Chaim , Leibovitch Igal , Loewenstein Anat 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Purpose: To evaluate superior oblique tendon lengthening technique in the treatment of congenital Brown's Syndrome.
Methods: Retrospective evaluation of 8 patients with Brown's syndrome (ages 2.5 to 8 years) who underwent superior oblique split tendon elongation as the primary procedure.
Results: The mean follow-up period was 35 months (range 18 to 72 months). Seven of 8 patients had complete resolution of the compensatory head posturing and downshoot in adduction, and achieved some ability to elevate the eye in adduction. One of the operated eyes required reoperation because head posture persisted and a tenectomy of the superior oblique tendon was performed with satisfactory results.
Conclusions: The superior oblique split tendon lengthening technique is proposed as a possible procedure of choice for the treatment of Brown's syndrome.
Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 2002;39:90-93.
Vertical Rectus Recession for the Innervational Upshoot and Downshoot in Duane's Retraction Syndrome
Authors: Mohan Kanwar , Saroha Vandana 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Purpose: To report the results of recession of the vertical rectus muscle for the innervational upshoot and downshoot in Duane's retraction syndrome.
Methods: Ten patients who had Duane's retraction syndrome with innervational upshoot or downshoot underwent recession of the superior and inferior rectus muscle for the upshoot and downshoot, respectively. This procedure was combined with recession of the lateral rectus muscle(s) for exotropia in 6 patients and for the mechanical upshoot-downshoot in one patient. Postoperatively, the effects of surgery on the upshoot/downshoot, and horizontal and vertical deviation in the primary position were recorded. Average follow-up period was 1.2 years.
Results: Following surgery, the innervational upshoot/downshoot was eliminated in all patients. Mean vertical deviation in the primal position in 6 patients was reduced from 21.2 to 2.5 prism diopters and none of them developed a consecutive vertical imbalance. Four patients did not have a vertical deviation in the primary position preoperatively and one of them developed 10 prism diopters hypotropia following recession of the superior rectus muscle.
Conclusions: Recession of the superior and inferior rectus muscle is a safe and effective treatment for the innervational upshoot and downshoot, respectively, in Duane's retraction syndrome.
Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 2002;39:94-99.
Anterior Transposition of the Inferior Oblique Muscle for Treatment of Superior Oblique Palsy
Authors: Farvardin Majid , Nazarpoor Shahin 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Purpose: Weakening of the inferior oblique muscle is the procedure of primary importance in patients with superior oblique palsy, Knapp's Classes I and III. In this study, the effectiveness of anterior transposition of the inferior oblique muscle in treatment of these patients was evaluated.
Methods: Sixteen patients with superior oblique palsy, Knapp's Classes I and III, underwent anterior transposition of the inferior oblique muscle. The tip of the disinserted muscle was sutured to the sclera, parallel, and adjacent to the lateral border of the inferior rectus muscle insertion. The prism and alternate cover test measurements were made in all cardinal positions of gaze before and 6 months after surgery.
Results: The mean reduction of hyperdeviation was 15 prism diopters (PD) in the primary position, 23.4 PD in adduction, 26.65 PD in elevation and adduction, and 18.63 PD in depression and adduction. There was no hypotropia in the primary position. Mild limitation of upgaze has occurred in 3 of these patients, and mild fullness of the lower lid was developed by 25%. Postoperative hyperdeviation in the primary position was 5 PD or less in 15 out of 16 patients.
Conclusions: The anterior transposition of the inferior oblique muscle is very effective in eliminating hyperdeviation in patients with superior oblique palsy, Knapp's Classes I and III. Up to 25 PD reduction of hyperdeviation in the primary position can be achieved. If this type of anterior transposition is used, primary position hypotropia or marked limitation of upgaze possibly will not occur.
Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 2002;39:100-104.
No Clinical Correlation Between Bilirubin Levels and Severity of Retinopathy of Prematurity
Authors: Hosono Shigeharu , Ohno Tsutomu , Kimoto Hirofumi , Shimizu Masaki , Nozawa Masayo , Genkawa Ryuichi , Yoshida Tomohide , Wada Satoru , Harada Kensuke 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Purpose: To evaluate the hypothesis that bilirubin has a protective effect against the development of severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).
Methods: An assessment of 76 infants born at 24 and 25 weeks' gestation and admitted to the level Ml neonatal intensive care unit at Saitama Children's Medical Center was made. Indirect ophthalmoscopy fundus examinations were performed on all infants to identify the degree and progression to threshoid ROR We analyzed the daily bilirubin levels and grouped the patients according to the severity of ROP based on the infant's worst ROP examination. The first group was comprised of infants with less than stage 3 ROP and infants with stage 3 ROP. The second group was infants with less than prethreshold ROP or prethreshold ROP, and infants with threshold ROP. Next, we divided the infants into 3 groups: less than prethreshold ROP, prethreshold ROP, and threshold ROP. The daily changes in serum bilirubin concentrations during the first 14 days of life were determined for each infant. Three groups (less than prethreshold ROP, prethreshold ROP, and threshold ROP) were comparable as to their basic data, clinical characteristics, and treatments.
Results: ROP was found in 76 infants. There were no statistical differences in the clinical characteristics and treatments, excluding the duration of phototherapy, among the 3 groups. During the first 14 days of age, there were no significant differences in the daily mean bilirubin concentrations according to the groups separated by severity of ROP.
Conclusion: These results indicate that there is no distinct protective effect of bilirubin on the development of severe ROP.
Journal of Pediatrie Ophthalmology and Strabismus 2002;39:151-156.
Retractor Lysis as Prophylaxis for Lower Lid Retraction Following Inferior Rectus Recession
Authors: Kim DooHo B , Meyer Dale R , Simon John W 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Background: Lower lid retraction is a frequent complication of inferior rectus recession, especially of larger amounts.
Methods: With an incision through the palpebral conjunctiva, the lower lid retractors were lysed at the same anesthesia as inferior rectus recessions in a total of 20 patients (24 eyes). Included are 10 patients (12 eyes) described earlier and presented here with extended follow-up. Inferior rectus recessions ranged from 2 to 10 mm (mean, 4.2 mm).
Results: No patient had clinically apparent lid retraction or subjective complaints of lid deformity. Results were stable for 1 to 89 months (mean, 24.8 months) of followup. Three patients developed symblepharon, but surgical repair was required in only 1 case.
Conclusion: Lower lid retractor lysis is a simple, safe, and effective procedure to prevent the lower lid retraction associated with inferior rectus recession.
Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 2002;39:198-202.
Study of the Psychosocial Aspects of Strabismus
Authors: Menon Vimla , Saha Jayati , Tandon Radhika , Mehta Manju , Khokhar Sudarshan 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Purpose: To systematically evaluate the perception of psychosocial difficulties due to strabismus and the impact of corrective surgery in adolescents and young adults in India.
Methods: Patients 1 5 to 25 years of age with childhood onset (≤ 5 years of age) of constant concomitant squint (≥ 30 prism diopters of deviation for distance) were included in the study. After a detailed orthoptic evaluation, demographic data of the patients and their parents were recorded. Postgraduate Institute Health Questionnaire N-2 (standardized in India) was administered to rule out neuroticism in the patients. Psychosocial problems faced by the patients were evaluated with a semistructured interview schedule. Patients were evaluated 3 months after surgery using a similar interview schedule to assess the psychological impact of surgery.
Results: Eighty percent of both male and female patients had problems in their social life; 85% of the males and 75% of the females had personal problems due to squint. After surgery, a positive change in appearance was noticed by 97.5% and 95% noticed a change in self-esteem and selfconfidence.
Conclusion: These patients had difficulties with self-image and interpersonal relationships, faced ridicule at school and work, and generally avoided activities that brought attention to their defect. Substantial changes were noticed in them after corrective surgery, and the differences in their scores before and after surgery were statistically significant.
Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 2002;39:203-208.
Echobiometric Study of Ocular Growth in Patients With Amblyopia
Authors: Burtolo Carmen , Ciurlo Chiara , Polizzi Anna , Lantieri Pasquale Bruno , Calabria Giovanni 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Background: The natural evolution toward emmetropia is governed by genetic factors, but experiments with animals have demonstrated that a feedback mechanism that depends on visual function may regulate ocular growth. We attempted to verify this hypothesis in school-age patients with amblyopia by observing the ocular growth and the refractive state in the fixating and nonfixating eye in myopia and hypermetropia. This situation simulates the animal model.
Methods: In 30 consecutive school-age patients with amblyopia, we prospectively evaluated axial length with echobiometry and the refractive state during cycloplegia induced by atropine.
Results: We found a statistically significant increase in axial length in the fixating eye of patients with hypermetropia compared with the amblyopic eye (P = .0008). In patients with myopia, we found less of an increase in axial length in the fixating eye compared with the amblyopic eye (P = .0048).
Conclusion: Good vision seems to influence the evolution of ocular growth toward emmetropization.
Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 2002;39:209-214.
Evaluation of the Functions of the Parvocellular and Magnocellular Pathways in Strabismic Amblyopia
Authors: Demirci Hakan , Gezer Acun , Sezen Fazil , Ovali Tunc , Demiralp Tamer , Isoglu-Alkoc Ummuhan 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Purpose: To evaluate the functions of the magnocellular and parvocellular pathways in strabismic amblyopia.
Methods: Visual evoked potentials produced by achromatic and chromatic stimuli in 14 children with strabismic amblyopia were compared with those in 14 age-matched control subjects. The achromatic sine-wave grating with low spatial frequency was used to stimulate the magnocellular pathway, whereas the parvocellular pathway was stimulated by the chromatic sine-wave grating (isoluminant red-green) with low and high spatial frequencies.
Results: When the achromatic stimuli with low spatial frequency were used, the latencies of the N1 and P1 components and the amplitude of the N1-P1 complex were similar in the children with strabismic amblyopia and the control subjects. There also were no differences between the amblyopic and non-amblyopic eyes of the children with strabismic amblyopia. When chromatic stimuli with low and high spatial frequencies were used, the latencies of the N1 and P1 components were significantly longer and the amplitude of the N1-P1 complex was significantly smaller in the children with strabismic amblyopia than in the control group. When the amblyopic and non-amblyopic eyes of the children with strabismic amblyopia were compared, the latencies of the N1 and P1 components were longer and the amplitude of the N1-P1 complex was smaller in the amblyopic eyes.
Conclusion: In strabismic amblyopia, the cells in the parvocellular pathway may be more involved, whereas the magnocellular pathway may be relatively spared.
Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 2002;39:215-221.
Congenital Ptosis and Amblyopia: A Retrospective Study of 130 Cases
Authors: Dray Jean-Paul , Leibovitch Igal 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Purpose: To provide supplementary data on the association between congenital ptosis and amblyopia.
Methods: In a retrospective chart study of 130 patients whose congenital ptosis was surgically corrected between 1987 and 1999, 27 (20.8%) had strabismus and 30 (23%) had amblyopia. In 9 patients (6.3%), it was not attributable to any cause except ptosis.
Results: There was a high incidence (6.9%) of amblyopia in patients with congenital ptosis.
Conclusion: We recommend early examination and follow-up of patients with congenital ptosis to diagnose and treat any subsequent amblyopia. Surgery may be indicated should stimulus deprivation amblyopia develop.
Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 2002;39:222-225.
Binocularity in Refractive Accommodative Esotropia
Authors: Tomaç Sühan 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Purpose: To investigate whether restoration of normal stereo acuity is possible in refractive accommodative esotropia.
Methods: Twenty patients with refractive accommodative esotropia were included in the study. The cycloplegic refraction and the best corrected visual acuity of each patient were recorded. The patients were evaluated by the 4-prism-diopter test, Bagolini striated glasses, the Worth 4-dot test, the TNO stereo test, and the stereo fly plate of the Titmus test.
Results: Eight patients had orthotropia with normal retinal correspondence and 12 patients had a small deviation with abnormal retinal correspondence. Nine patients (8 patients with orthotropia and 1 patient with microtropia) demonstrated a gross level of stereo acuity, whereas the others demonstrated no stereopsis.
Conclusion: In patients with refractive accommodative esotropia, the prognosis is not favorable for restoration of normal stereopsis, even if orthotropia is achieved.
Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 2002;39:226-230.
Botulinum Toxin Injection Without Electromyographic Assistance
Authors: Benabent Enrique Chipont , Hermosa Pedro García , Arrazola María T , Sanz Jorge L Alió y 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Purpose: To ascertain whether electromyographic control of the muscles when injecting botulinum toxin in the medial rectus muscles of children under sedation is necessary to obtain good results in terms of ocular alignment and postoperative complications.
Methods: Forty neurologically normal children 6 to 48 months of age were entered consecutively into the study once the initial diagnosis of essential infantile esotropia had been made. The children were sedated with sevoflurane and both medial rectus muscles were injected with 7 IU of botulinum toxin using an insulin syringe with a 27-gauge needle. Postoperative controls were performed at 3 days, 3 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after the injection. The effectiveness of the injection was noted in terms of tropia, paralysis, and associated complications.
Results: The mean tropia at 6 months postoperatively was 8.47 prism diopters of esotropia, ranging from 25 prism diopters of esotropia to 10 prism diopters of exotropia. Fifty-three percent of the patients had an esotropia between 0 and 10 prism diopters. The most common complications were ptosis and vertical deviation, affecting 23% and 21% of the patients, respectively, followed by conjunctival hemorrhage, which was recorded in 7% of the patients. There were no retrobulbar hemorrhages, ocular perforations, or anesthetic complications.
Conclusions: If anesthetic risks are higher and the results are similar when using electromyographic control, we advocate not using it in congenital esotropia when injecting botulinum toxin in children.
Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 2002;39:231-234.
Evaluation of the Potential Acuity Meter in Predicting Visual Acuity After Photodynamic Therapy for Choroidal Neovascularization
Authors: Smith Bradley T , Vander James F , Regillo Carl D , Ho Allen C 
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the potential acuity meter in predicting visual acuity after photodynamic therapy of choroidal neovascular membranes caused by age-related macular degeneration.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective study of 55 eyes in 51 patients with subfoveal predominantly classic choroidal neovascularization due to age-related macular degeneration. Pre-photodynamic therapy Snellen visual acuity minus the visual acuity with the potential acuity meter was compared with the actual improvement in visual acuity. Significant improvement in visual acuity after photodynamic therapy was defined as a gain of more than 2 lines in Snellen visual acuity (0.2 logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution units).
* RESULTS: Eighteen (51.4%) of 35 eyes with a potential for improvement experienced an actual improvement in their Snellen visual acuity after photodynamic therapy (P < .001). All eyes lacking a potential for improvement failed to experience an actual improvement in visual acuity after photodynamic therapy.
* CONCLUSION: The eyes that demonstrated better visual acuity with the potential acuity meter in this study seemed more likely to experience an improvement in visual acuity after photodynamic therapy.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2006;37:6-11.]