bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Allowed Parameter Space of a Long-lived Neutron Star as the Merger Remnant of GW170817
Authors: Ai Shunke , Gao He , Dai Zi-Gao , Wu Xue-Feng , Li Ang , Zhang Bing , Li Mu-Zi 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Due to the limited sensitivity of the current gravitational wave (GW) detectors, the central remnant of the binary neutron star (NS) merger associated with GW170817 remains an open question. In view of the relatively large total mass, it is generally proposed that the merger of GW170817 would lead to a short-lived hypermassive NS or directly produce a black hole (BH). There is no clear evidence to support or rule out a long-lived NS as the merger remnant. Here, we utilize the GW and electromagnetic (EM) signals to comprehensively investigate the parameter space that allows a long-lived NS to survive as the merger remnant of GW170817. We find that for some stiff equations of state, the merger of GW170817 could, in principle, lead to a massive NS, which has a millisecond spin period. The post-merger GW signal could hardly constrain the ellipticity of the NS. If the ellipticity reaches 10−3, in order to be compatible with the multi-band EM observations, the dipole magnetic field of the NS (B

p
) is constrained to the magnetar level of ∼1014 G. If the ellipticity is smaller than 10−4, B

p
is constrained to the level of ∼109–1011 G. These conclusions weakly depend on the adoption of the NS equation of state.
Formation of Large-scale Coronal Loops Interconnecting Two Active Regions through Gradual Magnetic Reconnection and an Associated Heating Process
Authors: Du Guohui , Chen Yao , Zhu Chunming , Liu Chang , Ge Lili , Wang Bing , Li Chuanyang , Wang Haimin 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Coronal loops interconnecting two active regions (ARs), called interconnecting loops (ILs), are prominent large-scale structures in the solar atmosphere. They carry a significant amount of magnetic flux and therefore are considered to be an important element of the solar dynamo process. Earlier observations showed that eruptions of ILs are an important source of CMEs. It is generally believed that ILs are formed through magnetic reconnection in the high corona (>150″–200″), and several scenarios have been proposed to explain their brightening in soft X-rays (SXRs). However, the detailed IL formation process has not been fully explored, and the associated energy release in the corona still remains unresolved. Here, we report the complete formation process of a set of ILs connecting two nearby ARs, with successive observations by STEREO-A on the far side of the Sun and by SDO and Hinode on the Earth side. We conclude that ILs are formed by gradual reconnection high in the corona, in line with earlier postulations. In addition, we show evidence that ILs brighten in SXRs and EUVs through heating at or close to the reconnection site in the corona (i.e., through the direct heating process of reconnection), a process that has been largely overlooked in earlier studies of ILs.
Treatment Success of Hip and Core or Knee Strengthening for Patellofemoral Pain: Development of Clinical Prediction Rules
Authors: Earl-Boehm Jennifer E. , Bolgla Lori A. , Emory Carolyn , Hamstra-Wright Karrie L. , Tarima Sergey , Ferber Reed 
Published: June 2018

Context:
Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is a common injury that interferes with quality of life and physical activity. Clinical subgroups of patients may exist, one of which is caused by proximal muscle dysfunction.

Objectives:
To develop clinical prediction rules that predict a positive outcome after either a hip and core- or knee-focused strengthening program for individuals with PFP.

Design:
Secondary analysis of data from a randomized control trial.

Setting:
Four university laboratories.

Patients or Other Participants:
A total of 199 participants with PFP.

Intervention(s):
Participants were randomly allocated to either a hip and core-focused (n = 111) or knee-focused (n = 88) rehabilitation group for a 6-week program.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Demographics, self-reported knee pain (visual analog scale) and function (Anterior Knee Pain Scale), hip strength, abdominal muscle endurance, and hip range of motion were evaluated at baseline. Treatment success was defined as a decrease in visual analog scale score by ≥2 cm or an increase in the Anterior Knee Pain Scale score by ≥8 points or both. Bivariate relationships between the outcome (treatment success) and the predictor variables were explored, followed by a forward stepwise logistic regression to predict a successful outcome.

Results:
Patients with more pain, better function, greater lateral core endurance, and less anterior core endurance were more likely to have a successful outcome after hip and core strengthening (88% sensitivity and 54% specificity). Patients with lower weight, weaker hip internal rotation, stronger hip extension, and greater trunk-extension endurance were more likely to have success after knee strengthening (82% sensitivity and 58% specificity).

Conclusion:
The patients with PFP who have more baseline pain and yet maintain a high level of function may experience additional benefit from hip and core strengthening. The clinical prediction rules from this study remain in the developmental phase and should be applied with caution until externally validated.
Supply chain disruptions: Insights from South African third-party logistics service providers and clients
Authors: Nel Jaco , De Goede Evert , Niemann Wesley 
Published: June 2018

Background: Despite risk management efforts, supply chains have become increasingly vulnerable to disruptions. Disruptions should be successfully managed if organisations are to thrive in today’s ever-changing world.Purpose: This study explored supply chain disruptions of third-party logistics service providers (3PLs) and their clients based in South Africa by investigating the disruptions these organisations face, and how they go about managing them.Method: A generic qualitative research approach was used to gather data by conducting semi-structured interviews with 22 participants, which comprised 11 3PLs and 11 client organisations operating in South Africa.Findings: This study classified disruptions as intra-, inter- and extra-organisational. South African 3PLs and their clients face the majority of their disruptions either intra- or inter-organisationally. The focus of 3PLs and clients has shifted from risk management to disruption management. The findings show that 3PLs and their clients based in South Africa prefer disruption learning over traditional risk management as a method to better manage future disruptions.Conclusion: This study contributes to existing literature by providing insight into the specific supply chain disruptions that 3PLs and their clients based in South Africa face, according to the disruption location in the supply chain and how 3PLs and clients manage supply chain disruptions.
Evaluation of a new inference method for estimating ammonia volatilisation from multiple agronomic plots
Authors: Loubet Benjamin , Carozzi Marco , Voylokov Polina , Cohan Jean-Pierre , Trochard Robert , Génermont Sophie 
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Tropospheric ammonia (NH3) is a threat to the environment and human
health and is mainly emitted by agriculture. Ammonia volatilisation following
application of nitrogen in the field accounts for more than 40 % of the
total NH3 emissions in France. This represents a major loss of nitrogen use efficiency which
needs to be reduced by appropriate agricultural practices. In this study we
evaluate a novel method to infer NH3 volatilisation from small
agronomic plots consisting of multiple
treatments with repetition. The method is based on the combination of a set
of NH3 diffusion sensors exposed for durations of 3 h to 1 week
and a short-range atmospheric dispersion model, used to retrieve the
emissions from each plot. The method is evaluated by mimicking NH3
emissions from an ensemble of nine plots with a resistance
analogue–compensation point–surface exchange scheme over a yearly
meteorological database separated into 28-day periods. A multifactorial
simulation scheme is used to test the effects of sensor numbers and heights,
plot dimensions, source strengths, and background concentrations on the
quality of the inference method. We further demonstrate by theoretical
considerations in the case of an isolated plot that inferring emissions with
diffusion sensors integrating over daily periods will always lead to
underestimations due to correlations between emissions and atmospheric
transfer. We evaluated these underestimations as −8 % ± 6 % of
the emissions for a typical western European climate. For multiple plots, we
find that this method would lead to median underestimations of −16 % with
an interquartile [−8–22 %] for two treatments differing by a factor of
up to 20 and a control treatment with no emissions. We further evaluate the
methodology for varying background concentrations and NH3 emissions
patterns and demonstrate the low sensitivity of the method to these factors.
The method was also tested in a real case and proved to provide sound
evaluations of NH3 losses from surface applied and incorporated
slurry. We hence showed that this novel method should be robust and suitable
for estimating NH3 emissions from agronomic plots. We believe that
the method could be further improved by using Bayesian inference and
inferring surface concentrations rather than surface fluxes. Validating
against controlled source is also a remaining challenge.
Simulating carbon sequestration using cellular automata and land use assessment for Karaj, Iran
Authors: Khatibi Ali , Pourebrahim Sharareh , Bin Mokhtar Mazlin 
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Carbon sequestration has been proposed as a means of slowing the atmospheric and marine accumulation of greenhouse gases. This study used observed and simulated land use/cover changes to investigate and predict carbon sequestration rates in the city of Karaj. Karaj, a metropolis of Iran, has undergone rapid population expansion and associated changes in recent years, and these changes make it suitable for use as a case study for rapidly expanding urban areas. In particular, high quality agricultural space, green space and gardens have rapidly transformed into industrial, residential and urban service areas. Five classes of land use/cover (residential, agricultural, rangeland, forest and barren areas) were considered in the study; vegetation and soil samples were taken from 20 randomly selected locations. The level of carbon sequestration was determined for the vegetation samples by calculating the amount of organic carbon present using the dry plant weight method, and for soil samples by using the method of Walkley and Black. For each area class, average values of carbon sequestration in vegetation and soil samples were calculated to give a carbon sequestration index. A cellular automata approach was used to simulate changes in the classes. Finally, the carbon sequestration indices were combined with simulation results to calculate changes in carbon sequestration for each class. It is predicted that, in the 15 year period from 2014 to 2029, much agricultural land will be transformed into residential land, resulting in a severe reduction in the level of carbon sequestration. Results from this study indicate that expansion of forest areas in urban counties would be an effective means of increasing the levels of carbon sequestration. Finally, future opportunities to include carbon sequestration into the simulation of land use/cover changes are outlined.
DESEMPENHO PRODUTIVO DE VACAS GIROLANDO ESTIMADO PELO MODELO DE WOOD AJUSTADO POR METODOLOGIA BAYESIANA
Authors: Jacopini Laís Aberrachid , Barbosa Severino Benone Paes , Lourenço Daniela Andressa Lino , Silva Marcos Vinícius Gualberto Barbosa da 
Published: June 2018

Utilizou-se o modelo de Wood analisado por metodologia bayesiana, para estimar os componentes da curva de lactação de diferentes grupos genéticos, de primeira (OP1) e segunda (OP2) ordem de parto: 1/4 Holandês - 3/4 Gir; 1/2 Holandês - 1/2 Gir; 3/4 Holandês - 1/4 Gir; 5/8 Holandês - 3/8 Gir e 7/8 Holandês - 1/8 Gir. Os dados de produção de leite até 305 dias de lactação pertencem ao Arquivo Zootécnico do Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Gado de Leite da Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA/CNPGL). Após a estimação dos parâmetros do modelo, foram calculadas produção no pico (PP), tempo para atingir o pico (TP), persistência na lactação (PER) e duração da lactação para cada grupo genético. Animais de OP1 apresentaram menores produções por todas as fases da lactação, além de demorarem mais tempo para alcançar o pico de produção. Animais de OP2 apresentaram maior produção total de leite. A produção total de leite dos animais 7/8H-1/8G de OP1 foi semelhante a dos animais 3/4H-1/4G e 1/2H-1/2G. Para a OP2, os animais mais produtivos foram os 7/8H-1/8G, seguidos dos 3/4H-1/4G e 1/2H-1/2G. Produção intermediaria foi verificada nos animais 5/8H-3/8G e inferiores nos animais 1/4H-3/4G para ambas as ordens de parto. Não foi observada diferença significativa para duração da lactação entre os grupos genéticos estudados. Animais de OP1 são mais persistentes que animais de OP2, porém, estes são mais produtivos. Os grupos genéticos estudados se mostram persistentes quanto à duração da lactação. A metodologia bayesiana no ajuste do modelo de Wood permite estimativas acuradas das características da curva de lactação dos animais e na estimação de produção total de leite, duração da lactação e persistência.
CURVA DE PARÂMETROS SANGUÍNEOS E DE PESO EM SPHENISCUS MAGELLANICUS (FOSTER, 1781) (AVES: SPHENISCIFORMES) EM REABILITAÇÃO COM ASPERGILOSE
Authors: Melo Aryse Martins , Xavier Melissa Orzechowski , Da Silva Filho Rodolfo Pinho , Cabana Angela Leitzke , Meireles Mário Carlos Araújo 
Published: June 2018

Parâmetros sanguíneos básicos e peso corpóreo são rotineiramente utilizados para monitoramento do estado geral de Pinguins-de-Magalhães em reabilitação, no entanto, estudos mostrando o perfil de variação destes parâmetros durante o desenvolvimento da aspergilose nestes animais não são conhecidos. Neste sentido, este trabalho objetivou determinar curva de peso, de hematócrito (Ht) e de proteínas plasmáticas totais (PPT) em pinguins com aspergilose. O estudo do tipo caso-controle retrospectivo foi realizado com pinguins em reabilitação no sul do Brasil, sendo o grupo caso composto por pinguins com aspergilose, e o grupo controle por pinguins sadios. Para a determinação das curvas, foram coletados dados de amostras sequenciais, realizadas em média a cada sete dias, durante um período máximo de 81 dias, sendo estes submetidos a análise de variância (ANOVA) com teste post-hoc de Bonferroni. Ao todo, 140 animais foram estudados (50% casos e 50% controles). Pinguins com aspergilose diferiram significativamente do grupo controle em todos os parâmetros analisados, apresentando ganho de peso somente nas três primeiras coletas, com estabilização ou perda de peso nas coletas posteriores até seu desfecho, bem como declínio progressivo dos valores de Ht, os quais mantiveram-se abaixo do valor de referência para a espécie desde a terceira até a nona e última coleta, e aumento progressivo dos valores de PPT ao longo das coletas, com diferença significativa a partir da sexta coleta em relação ao grupo controle. O estabelecimento desse perfil em pinguins com aspergilose pode servir como indicativo de mau prognóstico destes animais em cativeiro, e como parâmetro para início de terapia preemptiva para aspergilose ou de investigação diagnóstica mais específica.
Gender and Higher Education: Increasing Exposure of Harassment and Pay Gaps
Authors: Hazelkorn Ellen 
Published: June 2018

In Ireland and the United Kingdom, public discourse around issues of sexual harassment and promotion and pay gaps is increasing. A lack of research, combined with a lack of understanding, means the full scale is unknown, and universities lack basic guidelines. Narrow definitions of excellence also shape academic culture. But action is slowly taking hold. The take-away is that nothing moves institutions fasterthan compliance and money.
India and China: Two Major Higher Education Hubs in Asia
Authors: Lavakare P.J. 
Published: June 2018

Both China and India have large and diverse higher education systems. Students from bothcountries are keen to enter the global employment market. It is this challenge that demands the respective national education systems produce “global citizens” with the high-quality, diverse, and international educational backgrounds needed on the global market. This article briefly reviews the international education status of India and China and highlights some crucial parameters governing the two systems.
Multiphoton 3D Microprinting of Protein Micropatterns with Spatially Controlled Heterogeneity – A Platform for Single Cell Matrix Niche Studies
Authors: Huang Nan , Li Chuen Wai , Chan Barbara Pui 
Published: June 2018

AbstractReconstituting the biomimetic cell niche in vitro is important as it allows to determine how niche factors may affect cellular fate processes. Many biofabrication and micropatterning technologies are developed to achieve this goal. However, the critical outstanding challenges are the capabilities to spatially control the micropatterns and to decouple the different niche factors. Multiphoton microfabrication is an emerging technology with unique advantages. A multiphoton 3D microprinting platform has been previously established to create protein microstructures and micropatterns with sub‐micrometer resolution and its ability to control the topological features, porosity, and mechanical properties of microprinted protein cell niche has been demonstrated. Here, it is demonstrated that the multiphoton microprinting technology is able to precisely control the local density of the matrix niche factor, and more importantly, spatially control and decouple the mechanical and matrix niche factors. The results show that 1) the micropatterned matrix niche retains its bioactivities; 2) mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are able to sense the elastic modulus of the cell niche when the mechanical and matrix niche factors are decoupled; and 3) MSCs prefer to bind to and spread on fibronectin among other matrix proteins. These results path the way to future development of a “programmable” cell niche platform.
Nanograssed Micro‐V‐Groove Architectures for Continuous Dropwise Condensation and Droplet Directional Movement
Authors: Dong Jian , Dong He , Jin Yanli , Sun Li , Ye Senbin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractEngineering dropwise condensation on superhydrophobic surfaces (SHSs) has a wide range of applications from thermal management to water harvesting technologies. In this study, the hierarchical nanograssed micro‐V‐groove architectures are fabricated on copper surfaces for dropwise condensation and quick directional droplet departure. An optical microscope and a camera are adopted to investigate the spontaneous motions of condensate droplets on nanograssed micro‐V‐groove SHSs. The results show that the motions of condensate droplets on V‐groove slope surfaces appear quicker, more spontaneous, and more continuous, and reservoir droplets in V‐grooves appear more larger and more easy‐rolling. The phenomenon is explained by the critical radii of the rolling condensate droplets on V‐groove slope surfaces and maximum radii of the rolling reservoir droplets. In addition, water collection experiments are done, which shows that nanograssed V‐groove SHSs have better capacities of water collection than the nanograssed flat SHS. The smaller the V‐groove angle is, the better water collection capacity the SHS has. The synergistic cooperation between micro‐V‐grooves and nanograss contributes directly to the dropwise condensation process, which enhances vapor–liquid phase change efficiency. Exploiting such multiscale coupling effects can help us design optimal condensation surfaces for high performances of phase‐change cooling and water self‐catchment systems.
PbI2/CH3NH3Cl Mixed Precursor–Induced Micrometer‐Scale Grain Perovskite Film and Room‐Temperature Film Encapsulation toward High Efficiency and Stability of Planar Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Deng Kaimo , Liu Zhongze , Xin Yu , Li Liang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe power conversion efficiency and the stability are the most important figures of merit for perovskite solar cells which attract increasing attention in recent years. Herein, the growth of high‐quality perovskite films with micrometer‐scale grain size through sequential deposition is first reported using PbI2/CH3NH3Cl mixed precursors during the first step of deposition. The amount of CH3NH3Cl in the precursor has a great influence on the morphology of perovskite films and the device performance. Compared with traditional sequential deposition with pure PbI2 in the first step, this method renders the perovskite solar cells with an improved power conversion efficiency up to 18.7% and reduced hysteresis. In addition, the fluorinated carbon film prepared at room temperature is reported as an encapsulation layer for perovskite solar cells. The compact and hydrophobic thin film can effectively isolate the device from moisture and oxygen, leading to the largely improved stability in the air. This study not only reveals the effect of chlorine doping on perovskite film formation in the first step of sequential deposition, but also provides a new film encapsulation strategy to improve the device stability in ambient air toward future application.
High‐Performance Low‐Voltage‐Driven Phototransistors through CsPbBr3–2D Crystal van der Waals Heterojunctions
Authors: Huo Chengxue , Liu Xuhai , Wang Ziming , Song Xiufeng , Zeng Haibo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCombining halide perovskites and 2D materials to form heterojunctions is a potential excellent strategy to design high‐performance phototransistors. However, a standard perovskite/2D material heterojunction is not fully realized, because either of the active material usually directly bridges across the opposite metal electrodes in the transistor platform. Here, phototransistors are fabricated based on high‐quality van der Waals grown CsPbBr3 and MoS2, in which CsPbBr3 and MoS2 are overlapped only within the transistor channel. The phototransistors based on this standard CsPbBr3/MoS2 heterojunction exhibit excellent optical detection ability and field‐effect characteristics at a drain–source voltage as small as 0.5 V. The rise and fall times of the phototransistor are 2.5 and 1.8 ms, respectively. The hole mobility is calculated to be 0.08 cm2 V−1 s−1 in darkness, and 0.28 cm2 V−1 s−1 under the 442 nm laser illumination. All of the measurements are conducted at room temperature in ambient air, indicating the excellent robustness of the CsPbBr3/MoS2 heterojunction. This work provides a new strategy to minimize the device size by using low‐voltage‐driven, air‐stable perovskite/2D material heterojunctions.