bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What are the benefits of clean air for Alpine destinations?
Authors: Arcaro Alex , Gorla Gianluigi , Zublena Manuela 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
In this paper, the authors assume that the matter of a good quality of air will grow in importance in the future, and that it could be a noticeable part of a quality system to be used for communication purposes. The authors propose some synthetic indicators for air quality and discuss them in-depth to provide robust indexes suitable for ranking a set of alpine destinations.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors use locally based data on three pollutants with reference to 25 alpine touristic destinations. Starting from hourly data for 62 days of the 2014 summer season for each pollutant, the authors end with a single synthetic air quality index for any locality. The aggregation methodologies are at the core of the paper; in particular, the authors propose a constant elasticity of substitution (CES) function – a well-known tool in Economics – to aggregate the pollutants the authors deal with. Because the degree of substitution among them is unknown, the authors simulate two extreme cases and an intermediate one to rank the localities on the bases of the synthetic air quality index.

Findings
All the Alpine destinations the authors considered have – or had in summer 2014 – an excellent open-air quality, and this was a permanent trait of that period. Ranks look robust (stable), as they do not depend significantly on the available options of the techniques the authors used.

Originality/value
The originality of the paper is inherent first in the idea that high quality air can be an issue of interest for touristic goals, especially in the case of mountain destinations, which have all proven to offer an excellent open-air quality. Second, from a methodological perspective, the paper frames dispersed and sectorial approaches into a single flexible one which has the property of being theoretically grounded into the economics mainstream and, at meantime, suitable to deal with some lack of information and research.
Covariation in urban birds providing cultural services or disservices and people
Authors: Cox Daniel T. C. , Hudson Hannah L. , Plummer Kate E. , Siriwardena Gavin M. , Anderson Karen , Hancock Steven , Devine‐Wright Patrick , Gaston Kevin J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe spatial distributions of biodiversity and people vary across landscapes and are critical to the delivery of ecosystem services and disservices. The high densities of people and often of birds in urban areas lead to frequent human–avian interactions, which can be positive or negative for people's well‐being. The identities of the bird species providing these services or disservices tend to be quite different; however, it is unclear how their abundance and richness covary with human population density, and hence with potential recipients of these services and disservices.We surveyed bird populations in 106 tiles (500 × 500 m) across the 174 km2of an extended urban area in southern England. From the literature, we identified two groups of species: those associated with positive interactions for human well‐being and those that display behaviours that are negative for human well‐being. We estimated the abundance (adjusted for detection probability) and richness of each group and modelled how they covary with human population density.Aggregation of population estimates for the 35 service and nine disservice species observed revealed 593,128 (95% confidence interval: 541,817–657,046) and 225,491 (200,134–235,066) birds respectively. Across the surveyed tiles, there were 1.09 service and 0.42 disservice birds per person.There was a peaking quadratic relationship between service abundance and human population density, but a negative linear relationship between richness and human density. Conversely, there were positive linear relationships for both abundance and richness of disservice species with human density. The ratio of service to disservice birds shifted from 3.5–1 at intermediate human densities to 1–1 in more densely populated areas.Synthesis and applications. Differences in the distributions of service and disservice species, and the extremely low ratios of birds to people particularly in socioeconomically deprived areas, mean that people there have few opportunities for contact with birds, and the contact they do have is equally likely to be negative as positive for human well‐being. We recommend spatial targeting of improvements in green infrastructure, combined with the targeted provisioning of food and nesting places for service species, to promote positive interactions between birds and people.
Information uncertainty influences conservation outcomes when prioritizing multi‐action management efforts
Authors: Cattarino Lorenzo , Hermoso Virgilio , Carwardine Josie , Adams Vanessa M. , Kennard Mark J. , Linke Simon 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn managing various threats to biodiversity, it is important to prioritize multiple management actions and the levels of effort to apply. However, a spatial conservation prioritization framework that integrates these key aspects, and can be generalized, is still missing. Moreover, assessing the robustness of prioritization frameworks to uncertainty in species responses to management is critical to avoid misallocation of limited resources. Yet, the impact of information uncertainty on prioritization of management effort remains unknown.We present an approach for prioritizing alternative levels of conservation management effort to multiple actions, based on the ecological responses of species to management. We estimated species responses through a structured email‐based expert elicitation process, where we also captured the uncertainty in individual experts' assessments. We identified priority locations and associated level of management of effort of four actions to abate threats to freshwater‐dependent fauna, using a northern Australia case study, and quantified sensitivity of the proposed solution to uncertainty in the answers of each individual expert.Achievement of conservation targets for freshwater‐dependent fauna in the Daly River catchment would require 9.4 million AU$ per year, for a total of approximately 189 million AU$ investment over 20 years. We suggest that this could be best achieved through a mix of aerial shooting of buffalos and pigs, riparian fencing and chemical spraying of weeds, applied at varying levels of management effort in key areas of the catchment.Uncertainty in experts' estimation of species responses to threats causes 60% of the species to achieve 80% of their conservation targets, which was consistent across target levels.Synthesis and applications. Our prioritization approach facilitates the planning of conservation management at fine spatial scales and is applicable to terrestrial, freshwater and marine realms. Plan implementation may require policy instruments ranging from landowner stewardship agreements, market‐based mechanisms and low‐intensity land use management schemes, to regulation of commercial activities within portions of marine protected areas. However, assessing plan sensitivity to uncertainty in species response to management and finding ways of dealing with it in the prioritization rather than ignoring it, as often done, remains vital for effective achievement of conservation objectives.
Home exercise programs supported by video and automated reminders for patients with stroke: A qualitative analysis
Authors: Emmerson Kellie B. , Harding Katherine E. , Lockwood Kylee J. , Taylor Nicholas F. 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundAllied health professionals working in rehabilitation often prescribe home exercise programs. Smart technology offers an alternative format for presentation of home exercise programs with potential advantages over traditional paper‐based programs, but how do patients feel about this?DesignThis qualitative analysis was part of a convergent mixed methods design, using in depth, semi‐structured interviews to explore the lived experience of patients utilising touch screen tablets to support an upper limb home exercise program post stroke.MethodsTen male participants with stroke and upper limb impairment who received home exercise programs using video and reminders on tablet computers participated. Interviews were transcribed and analysed thematically.ResultsThere were three main themes: (1) exercises on the tablet helped patients’ recovery in a variety of ways; (2) everyone could use the tablet for their home exercise program; but (3) not everyone liked using the tablet.Conclusions and significance of the studySmart technology is increasingly accessible and provides a novel, convenient way to provide home exercise programs post stroke with a number of benefits. This technology is not for everyone, but may be well suited to patients who already own and use these devices in daily life. Automated reminders were not viewed as a useful reminder tool.
Effectiveness of interventions for co‐residing family caregivers of people with dementia: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Abrahams Rebecca , Liu Karen P. Y. , Bissett Michelle , Fahey Paul , Cheung Karen S. L. , Bye Rosalind , Chaudhary Katrina , Chu Leung‐Wing 
Published: March 2018

Background/aimOccupational therapists and health practitioners commonly provide interventions to family caregivers of people with dementia with the aim of relieving burden, depression, and disruptions in health and social support. To date, the effects of multicomponent interventions specifically targeting these four important outcomes has not been established. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of multicomponent interventions on four outcomes for co‐residing family caregivers of people with dementia.MethodsA comprehensive database search of the literature was performed using CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed, PsycINFO, OTseeker, EMBASE and the Cochrane library. Randomised control trials (RCTs) that included multicomponent interventions for co‐residing family caregivers addressing burden, depression, health and social support were selected. Relevant articles were critically reviewed and study results were synthesised. Meta‐analysis was conducted separately.ResultsTwenty‐two of 358 retrieved studies were selected, with 15 studies being included in the meta‐analyses. The multicomponent interventions identified were comprised of a range of different individual strategies. Significant effective results were found for all four specified outcomes.ConclusionsMany types of multicomponent interventions appear beneficial on all of the four specified outcomes. The literature presents a trend that multicomponent interventions consisting of a combination of counselling, support groups, education, stress and mood management or telephone support are important strategies within an effective multicomponent intervention.
The Research Collaboration Paradox: A Tale of Two Governance Narratives in an Australian Innovation Setting
Authors: Noble David , Charles Michael B. , Keast Robyn 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAustralian government policy aims to exploit university–industry research collaboration to transform the nation from a ‘lucky’ country enjoying the riches of agribusiness and resource exploitation, to a ‘clever’ country, exporting ingenuity and innovation globally. The Cooperative Research Centres (CRC) program has operated for more than a quarter of a century, but successive modifications demonstrate an inherent tension between two governance narratives pertaining to university–industry collaboration. This brief discussion looks at how the gradual privileging of one of these two narratives over time could potentially compromise genuine innovation‐producing collaboration. Policy makers therefore need to find ways to reconcile these two narratives.
Interrupted futures: co‐operative labour and the changing forms of collective precarity in rural Andean Peru
Authors: Harvey Penny 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSociological interest in precarious labour has focused on the existential insecurity associated with the discontinuous work relations of contemporary modes of production and the difficulties produced for the formation of effective modes of social and political solidarity. This essay, by contrast, explores the continuities of precarious living in the Southern Peruvian Andes over the past century, with a focus on how the affective force of social obligations and responsibilities to wider collectives (such as the family, the peasant community, or the co‐operative) both support and interrupt the search for more stable personal and collective futures. Approaching precarity as a relational condition, the essay traces how precarity takes form in the movements between formal and informal labour practices.
Working (wo)man's suicide: transnational relocations of capital – repercussions for labour in South Korea and the Philippines
Authors: Schober Elisabeth 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn South Korea, 2011 was marked by the rise of a social movement against precarity, the emergence of which was dependent upon effective and affective mobilizing strategies amongst workers. The impetus was provided by a struggle at a shipyard in Pusan, where an activist held a crane occupied for 309 days. The role of affect in constituting neoliberal workplaces has recently received much attention in anthropology. The question of how emotions figure into the mobilizing efforts of labour, rather than those of management, however, has been overlooked. Hope and despair are two emotive themes amongst activists involved in the Hanjin dispute that are closely linked to the practice of suicide amongst unionized workers in the country. Since the 1997 Asian financial crisis, suicide has also become an all‐too‐ordinary response to pressures imposed upon an increasingly precarious Korean workforce. I look into the affective mobilizing cultures that have allowed the ‘Hope Bus’ movement to excel in Korea, and explore the less successful efforts that were made by Korean and Filipino activists to link up their struggles.
Moral ecologies of subsistence and labour in a migration‐affected community of Nepal
Authors: Campbell Ben 
Published: March 2018

AbstractLabour migration from subsistence households in Tamang‐speaking communities of Northern Nepal heralds their transition from an agrarian to a remittance economy. This migration entails the abandonment of subsistence labour processes that once wove households together in reciprocal mutuality. Migration thus dislocates persons from moral economic institutions and norms, and reciprocity is replaced by cash‐calculative decisions about food systems. However, migration is a broader sociocultural response to historical precarities and struggle over de‐territorializing effects of state development. Moving beyond standard ‘peasant economy’ forms of analysis, and domestic autarky in particular, this essay explores neglected areas of the comparative anthropology of subsistence labour, and situates the ethnography of work and power relations in indigenous and other critiques of development nationalism in Nepal. Redirecting labour abroad creates tensions in domestic reproduction. These surface in intra‐clan gift exchange, in managing agro‐pastoral viability, and in the ritual maintenance of order among humans and nonhumans that invokes ancestral migrations for dealing with dilemmas about contemporary dispersals.
Laryngeal Realism and the Prehistory of Celtic
Authors: Eska Joseph F. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis paper examines the proto‐Celtic plosive system through the lens of Laryngeal Realism. Drawing upon phonetic data from contemporary Celtic languages and philological data from medieval Insular Celtic and ancient Continental Celtic languages, it concludes that the active Laryngeal feature in these languages is not [voice], but [spread glottis], and that this feature should be projected back to proto‐Celtic. Such an analysis allows for a much more straightforward analysis of the evolution of the early Celtic plosive system, and, in particular, allows for a non‐stipulative analysis of perhaps the best known of Celtic sound changes, the loss of proto‐IE*/p/, in simple aerodynamic terms. It is demonstrated, furthermore, that the loss of proto‐IE*/p/ cannot be explained by contact with pre‐Basque or Iberian, but, instead, was, in all likelihood, a natural development.
Regulating Complex Contracting: A Socio‐legal Study of Decision‐Making Under EU and UK law
Authors: Aspey Eleanor , Craven Richard 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe article evaluates interview data on decision‐making under public procurement law using Halliday's analytical model on compliance with administrative law. In this study, unlike other studies on administrative compliance, the decisions faced by public bodies are not routine; they relate to the award of complex, high‐value contracts. Two contrasting decisions in the procurement process are discussed: the decision over the choice of procedure at the outset of the process, and the decision over the extent to which the public body should negotiate with the winning bidder towards the end of the process. The article considers the rationales behind decisions, and finds that, although public bodies are generally predisposed to comply, legal uncertainty means the relevance of commercial pressures and challenge risk impact heavily on approaches to compliance, even shaping understanding of what compliant behaviour actually is.
From ‘Doctor Knows Best’ to Dignity: Placing Adults Who Lack Capacity at the Centre of Decisions About Their Medical Treatment
Authors: Jackson Emily 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn 1989, the House of Lords first derived a ‘best interests’ test for the medical treatment of adults who lack capacity from the doctrine of necessity and, now codified, the test continues to apply today. The Mental Capacity Act 2005 sets out a non‐exhaustive checklist of relevant considerations, but it gives no particular priority to the patient's wishes. There is also no formal expectation that the patient will participate directly in any court proceedings in which her best interests are to be determined. This article will consider the advantages and disadvantages of providing additional guidance to decision‐makers in order to help them navigate both taking seriously the wishes of people who lack capacity and, at the same time, not abandoning patients who need help and support. More specifically, this article advocates formalising current best practice in the Court of Protection through the introduction of a series of rebuttable presumptions, or starting points.
Of Values and Legitimacy – Discourse Analytical Insights on the Copyright Case Law of the Court of Justice of the European Union
Authors: Kalimo Harri , Meyer Trisha , Mylly Tuomas 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) increasingly faces societal value‐conflicts in EU law disputes. For example, in EU copyright law, in the digital age, diverse fundamental values, as well as cultural and societal developments, are at stake. This article discusses the role of the CJEU in the European value discourse, using copyright law as a case study. The methodological approach used, critical discourse analysis, is seldom applied in jurisprudential studies, but is well suited for teasing out value‐related aspects of case law. Exploratory research of seminal copyright cases suggests that the CJEU's discourse of the various values seems unnecessarily one‐sided and shallow. A lack of discursiveness in the jurisprudence would diminish the legitimacy of the Court's decisions, and would not offer adequate guidance to national courts or private decision‐makers, to whom the Court at the same time may be leaving more of the task of value reconciliation.
Embeddedness across contexts: A two‐country study on the additive and buffering effects of job embeddedness on employee turnover
Authors: Sender Anna , Rutishauser Lea , Staffelbach Bruno 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDespite the growing body of literature on the effects of job embeddedness on turnover, there are few studies on how job embeddedness operates in different countries. This study, based on the Conservation of Resources theory, addresses this research gap by investigating both the additive and the buffering effects of on‐the‐job and off‐the‐job embeddedness using employee data from China (n = 373) and Switzerland (n = 268). Results showed that on‐the‐job embeddedness reduced the likelihood of turnover more strongly in Switzerland than in China (additive effect). Additionally, in China, the unsolicited job offer–turnover relationship was stronger when employees had lower levels of off‐the‐job embeddedness (buffering effect). This research contributes to the understanding of the relative role of on‐the‐job and off‐the‐job embeddedness for turnover in different countries.
CT‐guided nephrostomy: Re‐inventing the wheel for the occasional interventionalist
Authors: Smith Paul Edmund , Luong Ian Thuan Hien , van der Vliet Andrew Hans 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPercutaneous nephrostomy insertion has, in recent times, become a subspecialised skill performed by an interventional trained Radiologist. However, this creates access issues, particularly in remote and regional medical centres. In this article, we describe a simple and effective method for computed tomography (CT)‐guided percutaneous nephrostomy insertion, utilising the CT interventional skills of the general radiologist.
Two enzymes of the acetone degradation pathway of Desulfococcus biacutus: coenzyme B12‐dependent 2‐hydroxyisobutyryl‐CoA mutase and 3‐hydroxybutyryl‐CoA dehydrogenase
Authors: Frey Jasmin , Schneider Fabian , Huhn Thomas , Spiteller Dieter , Schink Bernhard , Schleheck David 
Published: March 2018

SummaryDegradation of acetone by the sulfate‐reducing bacterium Desulfococcus biacutus involves an acetone‐activation reaction different from that used by aerobic or nitrate‐reducing bacteria, because the small energy budget of sulfate‐reducing bacteria does not allow for major expenditures into ATP‐consuming carboxylation reactions. In the present study, an inducible coenzyme B12‐dependent conversion of 2‐hydroxyisobutyryl‐CoA to 3‐hydroxybutyryl‐CoA was demonstrated in cell‐free extracts of acetone‐grown D. biacutus cells, together with a NAD+‐dependent oxidation of 3‐hydroxybutyryl‐CoA to acetoacetyl‐CoA. Genes encoding two mutase subunits and a dehydrogenase, which were found previously to be strongly induced during growth with acetone, were heterologously expressed in E. coli. The activities of the purified recombinant proteins matched with the inducible activities observed in cell‐free extracts of acetone‐grown D. biacutus: proteins (IMG locus tags) DebiaDRAFT_04573 and 04574 constituted a B12‐dependent 2‐hydroxyisobutyryl‐CoA/3‐hydroxybutyryl‐CoA mutase, and DebiaDRAFT_04571 was a 3‐hydroxybutyryl‐CoA dehydrogenase. Hence, these enzymes play key roles in the degradation of acetone and define an involvement of CoA esters in the pathway. Further, the involvement of 2‐hydroxyisobutyryl‐CoA strongly indicates that the carbonyl‐C2 of acetone is added, most likely, to formyl‐CoA through a TDP‐dependent enzyme that is co‐induced in acetone‐grown cells and is encoded in the same gene cluster as the identified mutase and dehydrogenase.