bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testing the Formation Scenarios of Binary Neutron Star Systems with Measurements of the Neutron Star Moment of Inertia
Authors: Newton William G. , Steiner Andrew W. , Yagi Kent 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Two low-mass (M < 1.4 M
⊙) neutron stars, J0737-3039B and the companion to J1756-2251, show strong evidence of being formed in an ultra-stripped supernova explosion (US-SN) with a ONeMg or Fe progenitor. Using systematically generated sets of equations of state we map out the relationship between the moment of inertia of J0737-3039A, a candidate for a moment of inertia measurement within a decade, and the binding energy of the two low-mass neutron stars. This relationship, similar to the I-Love-Q relations, is more robust than a previously explored correlation between the binding energy and the slope of the nuclear symmetry energy L. We find that, if either J0737-3039B or the J1756-2251 companion were formed in a US-SN, no more than 0.06 M
⊙ could have been lost from the progenitor core. Furthermore, a measurement of the moment of inertia of J0737-3039A to within 10% accuracy can discriminate between formation scenarios and, given current constraints on the predicted core mass loss, potentially rule them out. Advanced LIGO can potentially measure the neutron star tidal polarizability to equivalent accuracy which, using the I-Love-Q relations, would obtain similar constraints on the formation scenarios. Such information would help constrain important aspects of binary evolution used for population synthesis predictions of the rate of binary neutron star mergers and resulting electromagnetic and gravitational wave signals. Further progress needs to be made in modeling the core-collapse process that leads to low-mass neutron stars, particularly in making robust predictions for the mass loss from the progenitor core.
Intermediate-mass Elements in Young Supernova Remnants Reveal Neutron Star Kicks by Asymmetric Explosions
Authors: Katsuda Satoru , Morii Mikio , Janka Hans-Thomas , Wongwathanarat Annop , Nakamura Ko , Kotake Kei , Mori Koji , Müller Ewald , Takiwaki Tomoya , Tanaka Masaomi , Tominaga Nozomu , Tsunemi Hiroshi 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The birth properties of neutron stars (NSs) yield important information about the still-debated physical processes that trigger the explosion as well as on intrinsic neutron-star physics. These properties include the high space velocities of young neutron stars with average values of several 100 km s−1, with an underlying “kick” mechanism that is not fully clarified. There are two competing possibilities that could accelerate NSs during their birth: anisotropic ejection of either stellar debris or neutrinos. Here we present new evidence from X-ray measurements that chemical elements between silicon and calcium in six young gaseous supernova remnants are preferentially expelled opposite to the direction of neutron star motion. There is no correlation between the kick velocities and magnetic field strengths of these neutron stars. Our results support a hydrodynamic origin of neutron-star kicks connected to asymmetric explosive mass ejection, and they conflict with neutron-star acceleration scenarios that invoke anisotropic neutrino emission caused by particle and nuclear physics in combination with very strong neutron-star magnetic fields.
Studies of Isolated and Non-isolated Photospheric Bright Points in an Active Region Observed by the New Vacuum Solar Telescope
Authors: Liu Yanxiao , Xiang Yongyuan , Erdélyi Robertus , Liu Zhong , Li Dong , Ning Zongjun , Bi Yi , Wu Ning , Lin Jun 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Properties of photospheric bright points (BPs) near an active region have been studied in TiO λ 7058 Å images observed by the New Vacuum Solar Telescope of the Yunnan Observatories. We developed a novel recognition method that was used to identify and track 2010 BPs. The observed evolving BPs are classified into isolated (individual) and non-isolated (where multiple BPs are observed to display splitting and merging behaviors) sets. About 35.1% of BPs are non-isolated. For both isolated and non-isolated BPs, the brightness varies from 0.8 to 1.3 times the average background intensity and follows a Gaussian distribution. The lifetimes of BPs follow a log-normal distribution, with characteristic lifetimes of (267 ± 140) s and (421 ± 255) s, respectively. Their size also follows log-normal distribution, with an average size of about (2.15 ± 0.74) × 104 km2 and (3.00 ± 1.31) × 104 km2 for area, and (163 ± 27) km and (191 ± 40) km for diameter, respectively. Our results indicate that regions with strong background magnetic field have higher BP number density and higher BP area coverage than regions with weak background field. Apparently, the brightness/size of BPs does not depend on the background field. Lifetimes in regions with strong background magnetic field are shorter than those in regions with weak background field, on average.
Evolution of the Stellar Mass–Metallicity Relation. I. Galaxies in the z ∼ 0.4 Cluster Cl0024
Authors: Leethochawalit Nicha , Kirby Evan N. , Moran Sean M. , Ellis Richard S. , Treu Tommaso 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
We present the stellar mass–stellar metallicity relationship (MZR) in the galaxy cluster Cl0024+1654 at z ∼ 0.4 using full-spectrum stellar population synthesis modeling of individual quiescent galaxies. The lower limit of our stellar mass range is M
* = 109.7
M
⊙, the lowest galaxy mass at which individual stellar metallicity has been measured beyond the local universe. We report a detection of an evolution of the stellar MZR with observed redshift at 0.037 ± 0.007 dex per Gyr, consistent with the predictions from hydrodynamical simulations. Additionally, we find that the evolution of the stellar MZR with observed redshift can be explained by an evolution of the stellar MZR with the formation time of galaxies, i.e., when the single stellar population (SSP)-equivalent ages of galaxies are taken into account. This behavior is consistent with stars forming out of gas that also has an MZR with a normalization that decreases with redshift. Lastly, we find that over the observed mass range, the MZR can be described by a linear function with a shallow slope (

). The slope suggests that galaxy feedback, in terms of mass-loading factor, might be mass-independent over the observed mass and redshift range.
Pechiney en Australie : Une histoire de l’électrolyse de Tomago (1978-1985)
Authors: Mioche Philippe 
Published: March 2018

L’aventure australienne commence dans les années 1960 pour Pechiney, attiré par un territoire promis à devenir l’Eldorado de la bauxite. Consciente de cette richesse, l’Australie veut alors la valoriser et développer une industrie locale autour du minerai. C’est ainsi que Pechiney participe dès 1963 à la grande usine d’alumine de Gladstone, exploitée en coopérative par Queensland Alumina Ltd (QAL). Au cours de la décennie suivante, une intégration plus étroite de la filière va toucher la production d’aluminium primaire. Les pouvoirs publics australiens proposent en 1978 à Pechiney de créer une joint-venture afin de construire une usine d’électrolyse sur le site de Tomago. L’opération séduit le producteur français pour trois raisons : l’approvisionnement garanti en alumine, la proximité des marchés asiatiques et la possibilité de vendre sa technologie des cuves d’électrolyse dont il est devenu un des leaders mondiaux grâce à son laboratoire savoyard, le LRF. Après une période d’études et de négociations parfois tendues autour du prix de l’électricité, l’usine entre en activité en septembre 1983. Principal partenaire avec la firme australienne Colonial Sugar Refining, Pechiney apporte son expertise à la nouvelle affaire et conduit les opérations notamment par l’intermédiaire de ses personnels expatriés qui contribuent au démarrage de l’usine et à la formation de la main-d’œuvre locale.
Soutien politique et soutien humanitaire. Retour sur les solidarités citoyennes avec les réfugié·e·s en Belgique
Authors: Vertongen Youri Lou 
Published: March 2018

Focalisé sur le cas de la Belgique, cet article analyse la manière dont l’espace militant du soutien aux migrant·e·s est structuré autour d’une dyade séparant le « politique » de « l’humanitaire ». Cette opposition serait légitimée par les divergences entre les répertoires d’actions, selon qu’ils visent à la transformation radicale de la politique migratoire ou qu’ils soient centrés sur l’aide à la personne. L’article nous apprend que ces catégories sont en réalité poreuses et dépendent bien souvent du contexte dans lequel les réflexes militants s’imposent.
La militarisation de la frontière franco-italienne et le réseau de solidarité avec les migrant·e·s dans la Vallée de la Roya
Authors: Giliberti Luca 
Published: March 2018

Depuis juin 2015 – moment de la militarisation de la frontière franco-italienne – la vallée de la Roya, un territoire situé entre la France et l’Italie, dans les Alpes Maritimes, a été traversée par des milliers de migrant·e·s africain·e·s désirant continuer leur parcours migratoire en Europe. La plupart sont interceptés par les forces de l’ordre et renvoyés en Italie sans avoir la possibilité de demander l’asile en France, ni d’être pris en charge par les services sociaux pour mineurs, comme l’exige la loi. Un réseau de citoyen·ne·s solidaires est né dans cette vallée. Criminalisé par l’État, il s’engage activement dans l’aide aux migrants, fournissant un accueil, des soins primaires et un soutien juridique.
Refining Aging Criteria for Northern Sea Otters in Washington State
Authors: Schuler Krysten L. , Baker Bridget B. , Mayer Karl A. , Perez-Heydrich Carolina , Holahan Paula M. , Thomas Nancy J. , White C. Leann 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMeasurement of skull ossification patterns is a standard method for aging various mammalian species and has been used to age sea otters Enhydra lutris from Russia, California, and Alaska. Cementum annuli counts have also been verified as an accurate aging method for sea otters in Alaska. In this study, we compared cementum annuli count results and skull ossification patterns as methods for aging the northern sea otter, E. l. kenyoni, in Washington State. We found significant agreement between the two methods, suggesting that either method could be used to age sea otters in Washington. We found that ossification of the squamosal–jugal suture at the ventral glenoid fossa can be used to differentiate male subadults from adults. To assist field biologists or others without access to cementum annuli or skull ossification analysis techniques, we analyzed a suite of morphologic, physiologic, and developmental characteristics to assess whether a set of these more easily accessible parameters could also predict age class. We identified tooth condition score, evidence of reproductive activity in females, and tooth eruption pattern as the most useful criteria for classifying sea otters in Washington. We created a simple decision tree based on characteristics accessible in the field or at necropsy, which can be used to reliably predict age class of Washington sea otters as determined by cementum annuli. These techniques offer field biologists and marine mammal stranding networks a replicable, cost-conscious methodology to gather useful biological information from sea otters.
IFN Regulatory Factor 2 Inhibits Expression of Glycolytic Genes and Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Proinflammatory Responses in Macrophages
Authors: Cui Huachun , Banerjee Sami , Guo Sijia , Xie Na , Liu Gang 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Rapid initiation and timely resolution of inflammatory response in macrophages are synergistic events that are known to be equally critical to optimal host defense against pathogen infections. However, the regulation of these processes, in particular by a specific cellular metabolic program, has not been well understood. In this study, we found that IFN regulatory factor 2 (IRF2) underwent an early degradation in a proteasome-mediated pathway in LPS-treated mouse macrophages, followed by a later recovery of the expression via transactivation. We showed that IRF2 was anti-inflammatory in that knockdown of this protein promoted the production of LPS-induced proinflammatory mediators. Mechanistically, although IRF2 apparently did not target the proximal cytoplasmic signaling events upon LPS engagements, it inhibited HIF-1α–dependent expression of glycolytic genes and thereby cellular glycolysis, sequential events necessary for the IRF2 anti-inflammatory activity. We found that macrophages in endotoxin tolerant state demonstrated deficiency in LPS-augmented glycolysis, which was likely caused by failed downregulation of IRF2 and the ensuing upregulation of the glycolytic genes in these cells. In contrast to observations with LPS, knockdown of IRF2 decreased IL-4–induced macrophage alternative activation. The pro–IL-4 activity of IRF2 was dependent on KLF4, a key mediator of the alternative activation, which was transcriptionally induced by IRF2. In conclusion, our data suggest that IRF2 is an important regulator of the proinflammatory response in macrophages by controlling HIF-1α–dependent glycolytic gene expression and glycolysis. This study also indicates IRF2 as a novel therapeutic target to treat inflammatory disorders associated with dysregulations of macrophage activations.
The management of diabetic ketoacidosis at a rural regional hospital in KwaZulu-Natal
Authors: Ndebele Nontobeko F.M. , Naidoo Mergan 
Published: March 2018

Background: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a biochemical triad of hyperglycaemia, ketoacidosis and ketonaemia and one of the potentially life-threatening acute metabolic complications of diabetes mellitus. This study aimed at describing the clinical profile of patients presenting with DKA to a busy rural regional hospital in KwaZulu-Natal.Methods: A retrospective review of clinical notes of patients presenting with DKA to the Emergency Department was performed over a 10-month period. Data included patients’ demographic profile, clinical presentation, precipitating factors, comorbidities, biochemical profile, length of hospital stay and outcome.Results: One hundred and five black South African patients above the age of 12 years were included in the study. Sixty-four (60.95%) patients had type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and 41 (39.05%) patients had type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Patients with T2DM were significantly older than those with T1DM (52.1 ± 12.4 years vs. 24.4 ± 9.5 years, p < 0.0001). The acute precipitant was identified in 68 (64.76%) cases with the commonest precipitant in T1DM patients being poor adherence to treatment, whereas in T2DM, the most common precipitant was infection. Nausea and vomiting were the most common presenting symptoms with the majority of patients presenting with non-specific symptoms. Fifty-seven (54.29%) cases had pre-existing comorbidities, with higher prevalence in T2DM than T1DM patients. Glycated haemoglobin was severely elevated in the majority of patients. Patients remained hospitalised for an average of 8.9 ± 7.5 days. The mortality rate was 17.14%, and 12 of the 18 deaths occurred in patients with T2DM.Conclusion: The prevalence of DKA was higher in patients with T1DM and those with pre-existing comorbidities. The mortality rate remains alarmingly high in older patients with T2DM.
Density forecasting for long-term electricity demand in South Africa using quantile regression
Authors: Mokilane Paul , Galpin Jacky , Yadavalli V.S. Sarma , Debba Provesh , Koen Renee , Sibiya Siphamandla 
Published: March 2018

Background: This study involves forecasting electricity demand for long-term planning purposes. Long-term forecasts for hourly electricity demands from 2006 to 2023 are done with in-sample forecasts from 2006 to 2012 and out-of-sample forecasts from 2013 to 2023. Quantile regression (QR) is used to forecast hourly electricity demand at various percentiles. Three contributions of this study are (1) that QR is used to generate long-term forecasts of the full distribution per hour of electricity demand in South Africa; (2) variabilities in the forecasts are evaluated and uncertainties around the forecasts can be assessed as the full demand distribution is forecasted and (3) probabilities of exceedance can be calculated, such as the probability of future peak demand exceeding certain levels of demand. A case study, in which forecasted electricity demands over the long-term horizon were developed using South African electricity demand data, is discussed. Aim: The aim of the study was: (1) to apply a quantile regression (QR) model to forecast hourly distribution of electricity demand in South Africa; (2) to investigate variabilities in the forecasts and evaluate uncertainties around point forecasts and (3) to determine whether the future peak electricity demands are likely to increase or decrease. Setting: The study explored the probabilistic forecasting of electricity demand in South Africa. Methods: The future hourly electricity demands were forecasted at 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, … , 0.99 quantiles of the distribution using QR, hence each hour of the day would have 99 forecasted future hourly demands, instead of forecasting just a single overall hourly demand as in the case of OLS. Results: The findings are that the future distributions of hourly demands and peak daily demands would be more likely to shift towards lower demands over the years until 2023 and that QR gives accurate long-term point forecasts with the peak demands well forecasted. Conclusion: QR gives forecasts at all percentiles of the distribution, allowing the potential variabilities in the forecasts to be evaluated by comparing the 50th percentile forecasts with the forecasts at other percentiles. Additional planning information, such as expected pattern shifts and probable peak values, could also be obtained from the forecasts produced by the QR model, while such information would not easily be obtained from other forecasting approaches. The forecasted electricity demand distribution closely matched the actual demand distribution between 2012 and 2015. Therefore, the forecasted demand distribution is expected to continue representing the actual demand distribution until 2023. Using a QR approach to obtain long-term forecasts of hourly load profile patterns is, therefore, recommended.
The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) in Electronic Health Records
Authors: Aronsky Dominik , Prodinger Birgit , Maritz Roxanne 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Background: The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) is the World Health Organization’s standard for describing health and health-related states. Examples of how the ICF has been used in Electronic Health Records (EHRs) have not been systematically summarized and described yet.
Objectives: To provide a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature about the ICF’s use in EHRs, including related challenges and benefits.
Methods: Peer-reviewed literature, published between January 2001 and July 2015 was retrieved from Medline®, CINAHL®, Scopus®, and ProQuest® Social Sciences using search terms related to ICF and EHR concepts. Publications were categorized according to three groups: Requirement specification, development and implementation. Information extraction was conducted according to a qualitative content analysis method, deductively informed by the evaluation framework for Health Information Systems: Human, Organization and Technology-fit (HOT-fit).
Results: Of 325 retrieved articles, 17 publications were included; 4 were categorized as requirement specification, 7 as development, and 6 as implementation publications. Information regarding the HOT-fit evaluation framework was summarized. Main benefits of using the ICF in EHRs were its unique comprehensive perspective on health and its interdisciplinary focus. Main challenges included the fact that the ICF is not structured as a formal terminology as well as the need for a reduced number of ICF codes for more feasible and practical use.
Conclusion: Different approaches and technical solutions exist for integrating the ICF in EHRs, such as combining the ICF with other existing standards for EHR or selecting ICF codes with natural language processing. Though the use of the ICF in EHRs is beneficial as this review revealed, the ICF could profit from further improvements such as formalizing the knowledge representation in the ICF to support and enhance interoperability.Citation: Maritz R, Aronsky D, Prodinger B. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) in Electronic Health Records. Appl Clin Inform 2017; 8: 964–980 https://doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2017050078
The Effect of Strain Localization on Galvanic Corrosion Pitting in AA7050
Authors: Nicolas Andrea , Mello Alberto W. , Sangid Michael D. 
Published: March 2018

Corrosion is the primary failure mechanism for sea-based structures, as it plays an important role in material degradation and structural integrity. The localized corrosion behavior is affected by the micromechanics and the electrochemistry of the material; however, there are very limited studies where both mechanisms are studied jointly, let alone relative to microstructural attributes, i.e., at the mesoscale. High-resolution strain maps are created on pre-loaded AA7050 in the transverse-short orientation via digital image correlation to identify strain accumulation with respect to the microstructure. Afterward, this material is subjected to a galvanic corrosion environment. In order to investigate the driving force for localized corrosion, the microstructure, the cathodic particles, the localized strain, and the evolution of surface topology caused by corrosion pitting are spatially characterized in the region of interest. The evolution of the corroded surface is tracked every 24 h throughout the 20 d of corrosion that the material was immersed in 0.6 M NaCl solution. Specifically, three representative sized cathodic particles are monitored throughout the corrosion study, to identify their evolution of pitting before and after the particles fallout from contact with the matrix. Finally, the relationship between strain and localized galvanic corrosion is quantitatively investigated using Gaussian process modeling to identify the underlying correlations. The results show that localized strains within ±3σ of the macroscopic residual strain do not affect the corrosion rate of the material; however, extreme values beyond that threshold associated with the cracking of the particle itself seem to heavily promote the growth of localized galvanic corrosion.