bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effort estimation model for software development projects based on use case reuse
Authors: Rak Katija , Car Željka , Lovrek Ignac 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis paper describes a new effort estimation model based on use case reuse, called the use case reusability (UCR), intended for the projects that are reusing artifacts previously developed in past projects with similar scope. Analysis of the widely spread effort estimation techniques for software development projects shows that these techniques were primarily intended for the development of new software solutions. The baseline for the new effort estimation model is the use case points model. The UCR model introduces new classification of use cases based on their reusability, and it includes only those technical and environmental factors that according to the effort estimation experts have significant impact on effort for the target projects. This paper also presents a study which validates the usage of UCR model. The study is conducted within industry and academic environments using industry project teams and postgraduate students as subjects. The analysis results show that UCR model can be applied in different project environments and that according to the observed mean magnitude relative error, it produced very promising effort estimates.
Trimetallic Mesoporous AuCuNi Electrocatalysts with Controlled Compositions Using Block Copolymer Micelles as Templates
Authors: Nugraha Asep Sugih , Malgras Victor , Kim Jeonghun , Bo Jiang , Li Cuiling , Iqbal Muhammad , Yamauchi Yusuke , Asahi Toru 
Published: October 2018

AbstractNanostructure engineering is important in the development of metal‐based catalysts to improve material utilization efficiency and catalytic activity. Among the available nanoscale architectures, mesoporous structures have raised much attention due to their large surface area and their highly accessible inner sites for guest species, suitable for a wide range of applications. Gold (Au)‐based materials are promising catalysts thanks to their stability, nontoxicity, and good resistance to poisoning effects. Modifying the composition by introducing inexpensive metals to prepare multicomponent Au‐based catalysts is an effective route to both reduce the cost and improve the catalytic activity. Herein, a polymeric micelle assembly approach to synthesize mesoporous AuCuNi ternary alloy films by electrochemical deposition is reported. This simple method involves the co‐electrodeposition process of Au, Cu, and Ni precursors at fixed applied potential in the presence of polymeric micelles acting as a sacrificial template. The compositional ratio can be easily adjusted to optimize the catalytic performance of the mesoporous AuCuNi films, which show promising results for glucose oxidation and methanol oxidation reactions. It is believed that mesoporous AuCuNi films can be desirable to satisfy the needs for the next generation of multifunctional catalyst.
Step-Wise Chondrogenesis of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Purification Via a Reporter Allele Generated by CRISPR-Cas9 Genome Editing
Authors: Adkar Shaunak S. , Wu Chia-Lung , Willard Vincent P. , Dicks Amanda , Ettyreddy Adarsh , Steward Nancy , Bhutani Nidhi , Gersbach Charles A. , Guilak Farshid 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to prescribed cell fates enables the engineering of patient-specific tissue types, such as hyaline cartilage, for applications in regenerative medicine, disease modeling, and drug screening. In many cases, however, these differentiation approaches are poorly controlled and generate heterogeneous cell populations. Here, we demonstrate cartilaginous matrix production in three unique hiPSC lines using a robust and reproducible differentiation protocol. To purify chondroprogenitors (CPs) produced by this protocol, we engineered a COL2A1-GFP knock-in reporter hiPSC line by CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing. Purified CPs demonstrated an improved chondrogenic capacity compared with unselected populations. The ability to enrich for CPs and generate homogenous matrix without contaminating cell types will be essential for regenerative and disease modeling applications. Stem Cells 2019;37:65–76
SUBJECT-SENSITIVE INVARIANTISM, HIGH-STAKES/LOW-STAKES CASES, AND PRESUPPOSITION SUSPENSION
Authors: Blome-tillmann Michael 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTIt is a familiar criticism of Subject-Sensitive Invariantism that the view makes incorrect predictions about cases in which the attributor of knowledge is in a high-stakes situation and the subject of the attribution in a low-stakes situation. In a recent paper in this journal, Brian Kim has argued that the mentioned type of case should be ignored, since the relevant knowledge ascriptions are inappropriate in virtue of violating an epistemic norm of presupposing. I show, pace Kim, that the mentioned utterances do not carry factivity presuppositions. To this end I discuss a phenomenon known as presupposition suspension, which is widely associated with the presuppositions of epistemic factives such as know that p or discover that p. I argue further that the problem of unknown presuppositions discussed by Kim can be circumvented by slightly amending the cases at hand. In particular, I demonstrate that factivity presuppositions are unobjectionable in problem cases in which the high-stakes ascriber knows the presuppositions at issue to be true.
Tarimspirafrom the Cambrian (Series 2, Stage 4) of Laurentia (Greenland): extending the skeletal record of paraconodontid vertebrates
Authors: Peel John S. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPhosphatic sclerites of the problematicTarimspiraYue and Gao, 1992 (Cambrian Series 2) recovered by weak acid maceration of limestones display a unique range of mainly strongly coiled morphologies. They were likely organized into multielement scleritomes, but the nature of these is poorly known; some sclerites may have had a grasping function.Tarimspirasclerites grew by basal accretion in an analogous fashion to younger paraconodonts (Cambrian Series 3–4) but lack a basal cavity. Based on proposed homologies,Tarimspiramay provide an extension of the early vertebrate paraconodont–euconodont clade back into the early Cambrian.Tarimspirais described for the first time from Laurentia (North Greenland), extending its known range from China and Siberia in Cambrian Series 2. In addition to the type species,Tarimspira planaYue and Gao, 1992, the Greenland record ofTarimspiraincludes two morphotypes of a new species,Tarimspira artemi.UUID:http://zoobank.org/c7c536c8-cdaf-49a9-ae1d-77c392f553fc.
Multiobjective formulation is an effective method to reduce environmental impacts of livestock feeds
Authors: Garcia-Launay Florence , Dusart Léonie , Espagnol Sandrine , Laisse-Redoux Sarah , Gaudré Didier , Méda Bertrand , Wilfart Aurélie 
Published: October 2018

AbstractEnvironmental and economic performances of livestock production are related largely to the production of complete feeds provided on commercial farms. Formulating feeds based on environmental and economic criteria appears a suitable approach to address the current challenges of animal production. We developed a multiobjective (MO) method of formulating feed which considers both the cost and environmental impacts (estimated via life cycle assessment) of the feed mix. In the first step, least-cost formulation provides a baseline for feed cost and potential impacts per kg of feed. In the second, the minimised MO function includes normalised values of feed cost and impacts climate change, P demand, non-renewable energy demand and land occupation. An additional factor weights the relative influence of economic and environmental objectives. The potential of the method was evaluated using two scenarios of feed formulation for pig, broiler and young bulls. Compared to baseline feeds, MO-formulated feeds had lower environmental impacts in both scenarios studied (−2 to −48 %), except for land occupation of broiler feeds, and a moderately higher cost (1–7 %). The ultimate potential for this method to mitigate environmental impacts is probably lower than this, as animal supply chains may compete for the same low-impact feed ingredients. The method developed complements other strategies, and optimising the entire animal production system should be explored in the future to substantially decrease the associated impacts.
Buruli ulcer in southern Côte D’ivoire: dynamic schemes of perception and interpretation of modes of transmission
Authors: Konan Daniele O. , Mosi Lydia , Fokou Gilbert , Dassi Christelle , Narh Charles A. , Quaye Charles , Saric Jasmina , Abe Noël N. , Bonfoh Bassirou 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBuruli ulcer (BU) belongs to the group of neglected tropical diseases and constitutes a public health problem in many rural communities in Côte d’Ivoire. The transmission patterns of this skin infection are poorly defined, hence the current study aimed to contribute to the understanding, perceptions and interpretations of its mode of transmission using a socio-environmental approach. Social and environmental risk factors that may expose people to infection, and the dynamics of local transfer of knowledge and practices related to BU, were assessed in two endemic locations in southern Côte d’Ivoire, i.e. Taabo and Daloa. Data were generated by the administration of a household questionnaire (N=500) between February and June 2012 to assess how the population perceived transmission of BU, focus group discussions with local communities (N=8) to analyse ideologies regarding transmission patterns and semi-structured interviews with patients or their parents, former BU patients and traditional healers (N=30). The interviewees’ empirical knowledge of the disease was found to be close to its biomedical description. Their aetiological perception of the disease was linked to natural (e.g. dirty water, insects) and supernatural (e.g. witchcraft, fate) causes. Some informants attributed the spread of the disease to recently immigrated neighbouring communities whose arrival coincided with an increase in reported BU cases. However, the general consensus seemed to be that the main mode of transmission was contact with infested soil or ulcerated wounds. The participants were aware that BU was a socio-environmental problem in these endemic areas, offering a good starting point for educational campaigns for at-risk communities. Buruli ulcer control programmes should therefore include educational campaigns and Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) interventions for those at risk in affected communities.
Comparison between telemetry and spot-mapping to determine space use of the Kenyan endemic Hinde's babbler
Authors: Fischer Christina , Habel Jan Christian 
Published: October 2018

Abstract:Different methods to measure species behaviour and space use may produce diverging results, and provide advantages and shortcomings. Data from spot-mapping of animals might be affected from restricted detectability of individuals in dense vegetation, while radio-tracking provides a less biased (or even unbiased) measure of space use. Here we compare results from spot-mapping and telemetry of four family groups (i.e. five individuals belonging to these four family groups), respectively of the Kenyan endemic cooperative-breeding bird Hinde's babbler, Turdoides hindei. Data from spot-mapping showed that the space use of T. hindei is mostly restricted to riparian vegetation. Home-range sizes calculated from telemetry were five times larger if compared with data obtained from spot-mapping. Telemetry data showed that T. hindei also moves across agricultural land, and mean and maximum displacements are larger if compared with data obtained from spot-mapping. Several reasons might lead to these differences: (1) Telemetry data also consider rare long-distance excursions, while (2) observers of spot-mapping might fail to observe long-distance movements and thus underestimate home-range sizes as well as displacement distances; (3) results from telemetry might become blurred from measurement error during the triangulation of fixes. Our study confirms that both methods provide advantages, but also shortcomings, which need to be considered when selecting a method to elaborate a research question.
Child and adolescent nutrient intakes from current national dietary surveys of European populations
Authors: Rippin Holly L. , Hutchinson Jayne , Jewell Jo , Breda Joao J. , Cade Janet E. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe WHO encourages national diet survey (NDS) implementation to obtain relevant data to inform policies addressing all forms of malnutrition, which remains a pressing issue throughout Europe. This paper provides an up-to-date review on energy, macro- and selected micronutrient intakes in children across WHO Europe using the latest available NDS intakes. It assesses these against WHO recommended nutrient intakes (RNI) to highlight vulnerable groups and areas of concern. Dietary survey information was gathered by Internet searches, contacting survey authors and nutrition experts. Survey characteristics, energy and nutrient intakes were extracted and weighted means calculated and presented by region. Child energy and nutrient intakes were extracted from twenty-one NDS across a third (n 18) of the fifty-three WHO Europe countries. Of these, 38 % (n 6) reported intakes by socio-economic group, but by various indicators. Energy and macronutrients, where boys and older children had higher intakes, were more widely reported than micronutrients. Most countries met under half of the WHO RNI for nutrients reported in their NDS. Micronutrient attainment was higher than macronutrients, but worst in girls and older children. Only a third, mainly Western, WHO European member states provided published data on child nutrient intakes. Gaps in provision mean that dietary inadequacies may go unidentified, preventing evidence-based policy formation. WHO RNI attainment was poor, particularly in girls and older children. Inconsistent age groups, dietary methodologies, nutrient composition databases and under-reporting hinder inter-country comparisons. Future efforts should encourage countries to conduct NDS in a standardised format by age and sociodemographic variables.
Heart rate and hurtful behavior from teens to adults: Paths to adult health
Authors: Jennings J. Richard , Matthews Karen A. , Pardini Dustin , Raine Adrian 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA low resting heart rate across development from infancy to young adulthood relates to greater aggression/hostility. Adult aggression and a high heart rate relate to health risk. Do some aggressive individuals retain low heart rate and less health risk across development while others show high heart rate and more risk? A longitudinal sample of 203 men assessed as teens (age 16.1) and adults (mean age 32.0) permitted us to assess (a) stability of heart rate levels and reactivity, (b) stability of aggression/hostility, and (c) whether change or stability related to health risk. Adults were assessed with Buss–Perry measures of aggression/hostility; teens with the Zuckerman aggression/hostility measure. Mean resting heart rate, heart rate reactivity to speech preparation, and aggression/hostility were moderately stable across development. Within age periods, mean heart rate level, but not reactivity, was negatively related to hostility/aggression. Maintaining low heart rate into adulthood was related to better health among aggressive individuals relative to those with increasing heart rate into adulthood. Analyses controlled for weight gain, socioeconomic status, race, health habits, and medication. Low heart rate as a characteristic of hostile/aggressive individuals may continue to relate to better health indices in adulthood, despite possible reversal of this relationship with aging.
Influence of interleukin 1 beta and tumour necrosis factor alpha on the in vitro growth, maturation and mitochondrial distribution of bovine oocytes from small antral follicles
Authors: Lima FEO , Bezerra FTG , Souza GB , Matos MHT , van den Hurk R , Silva JRV 
Published: October 2018

SummaryThis study aimed to investigate the effects of IL1β and TNFα on growth and maturation of oocytes from small follicles (1–3 mm) during in vitro culture. To this end, cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) with diameters of ~110 µm were cultured in TCM-199 medium alone or supplemented with IL1β (10 ng/ml), TNFα (10 ng/ml) or both for 48 h. The oocytes were measured at the beginning and at the end of the culture period. COCs were cultured for 20 h in pre-maturation medium and then half of the COCs of each group was destined for in vitro maturation and the remaining COCs were used to evaluate meiotic progression, mitochondrial distribution and the expression of mRNAs for GDF-9, c-Mos, Cyclin-B1 and H1foo. The results showed that COCs cultured with TNFα alone or together with IL1β had higher diameters than those cultured in control medium alone or supplemented with IL1β. Control oocytes isolated from large antral follicles (>5 mm) had heterogeneous distribution of mitochondria. Oocytes isolated from small antral follicles, that had been grown in vitro in TCM-199 alone or supplemented with TNFα had similar heterogeneous mitochondrial distribution before in vitro maturation (IVM). After IVM, mitochondria were heterogeneously distribution when cultured in TCM-199. However, when cultured with TNFα and/or IL1β, mitochondria were homogeneously distributed. Presence of TNFα and/or IL1β in TCM-199 culture medium did not influence the expression of mRNAs for GDF-9, c-Mos, Cyclin-B1 and H1foo. In conclusion, TNFα and a mixture of TNFα and IL1β both stimulated the growth of bovine oocytes during their in vitro culture, but do not influence gene expression in grown oocytes.
International Survey of Violence Against EMS Personnel: Physical Violence Report
Authors: Maguire Brian J. , Browne Matthew , O’Neill Barbara J. , Dealy Michael T. , Clare Darryl , O’Meara Peter 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroductionEach year, Emergency Medical Services (EMS) personnel respond to over 30 million calls for assistance in the United States alone. These EMS personnel have a rate of occupational fatality comparable to firefighters and police, and a rate of non-fatal injuries that is higher than the rates for police and firefighters and much higher than the national average for all workers. In Australia, no occupational group has a higher injury or fatality rate than EMS personnel. Emergency Medical Services personnel in the US have a rate of occupational violence injuries that is about 22-times higher than the average for all workers. On average, more than one EMS provider in the US is killed every year in an act of violence.Hypothesis/ObjectiveThe objective of this epidemiological study was to identify the risks and factors associated with work-related physical violence against EMS personnel internationally.MethodsAn online survey, based on a tool developed by the World Health Organization (WHO; Geneva, Switzerland), collected responses from April through November 2016.ResultsThere were 1,778 EMS personnel respondents from 13 countries; 69% were male and 54% were married. Around 55% described their primary EMS work location as “urban.” Approximately 68% described their employer as a “public provider.” The majority of respondents were from the US.When asked “Have you ever been physically attacked while on-duty?” 761 (65%) of the 1,172 who answered the question answered “Yes.” In almost 10% (67) of those incidents, the perpetrator used a weapon. Approximately 90% of the perpetrators were patients and around five percent were patient family members. The influence of alcohol and drugs was prevalent. Overall, men experienced more assaults than women, and younger workers experienced more assaults than older workers.Conclusions:In order to develop and implement measures to increase safety, EMS personnel must be involved with the research and implementation process. Furthermore, EMS agencies must work with university researchers to quantify agency-level risks and to develop, test, and implement interventions in such a way that they can be reliably evaluated and the results published in peer-reviewed journals.MaguireBJ, BrowneM, O’NeillBJ, DealyMT, ClareD, O’MearaP. International survey of violence against EMS personnel: physical violence report. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2018;33(5):526–531.
Emergency Department Response to Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosive Events: A Systematic Review
Authors: Razak Saydia , Hignett Sue , Barnes Jo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroductionA Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and explosive (CBRNe) event is an emergency which can result in injury, illness, or loss of life. The emergency department (ED) as a health system is at the forefront of the CBRNe response with staff acting as first receivers. Emergency departments are under-prepared to respond to CBRNe events - recognizing key factors which underlie the ED CBRNe response is crucial to provide evidence-based knowledge to inform policies and, most importantly, clinical practice.ProblemChallenges in detection, decontamination, and diagnosis are associated with the ED CBRNe response when faced with self-presenting patients.MethodsA systematic review was carried out in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). An in-depth search strategy was devised to identify studies which focused on the ED and CBRNe events. The inclusion criteria were stringent in terms of the environment (ED), participants (first receivers), situation (CBRNe response), and actions (detection, decontamination, and diagnosis). Fifteen databases and topic-specific journals were searched. Studies were critically appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Papers were thematically coded and synthesized using NVivo 10 (QSR International Ltd, Melbourne, Australia).ResultsSixty-seven full-text papers were critically appraised using the MMAT; 70% were included (n = 60) as medium- or high-quality studies. Data were grouped into four themes: preparedness, response, decontamination, and personal protective equipment (PPE) problems.DiscussionThis study has recognized the ED as a system which depends on four key factors - preparedness, response, decontamination, and PPE problems - which highlight challenges, uncertainties, inconsistencies, and obstacles associated with the ED CBRNe response. This review suggests that response planning and preparation should be considered at three levels: organizational (policies and procedures); technological (decontamination, communication, security, clinical care, and treatment); and individual (willingness to respond, PPE, knowledge, and competence). Finally, this study highlighted that there was a void specific to detection and diagnosis of CBRNe exposure on self-presenting patients in the ED.Conclusion:The review identified concerns for both knowledge and behaviors which suggests that a systems approach would help understand the ED response to CBRNe events more effectively. The four themes provide an evidence-based summary for the state of science in ED CBRNe response, which can be used to inform future policies and clinical procedures.RazakS,HignettS,BarnesJ.Emergency department response to chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosive events: a systematic review.Prehosp Disaster Med.2018;33(5):543–549.