bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary lycopene powder improves meat oxidative stability in Hu lambs
Authors: Xu Chenchen , Qu Yanghua , Hopkins David L , Liu Ce , Wang Bo , Gao Yuefeng , Luo Hailing 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary lycopene powder on meat quality and the oxidative stability of lipid and protein of longissimus thoracis (LT) in lamb. A total of 30 male lambs were randomly sampled from three feeding groups (control without lycopene supplement, 200 and 400 mg kg−1 lycopene powder respectively) after 3 months of feeding. The muscle samples were taken after slaughter and stored at 4 °C for 7 days.RESULTSCompared with the control, the results showed that supplementation with lycopene powder gave a higher a* value (redness), and increased the levels of vitamin A and vitamin E. Increasing dietary lycopene powder resulted in a lower degree of lipid and protein oxidation, as evidenced by lower contents of thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substance and carbonyl compounds, and higher levels of sulfhydryl groups.CONCLUSIONDietary lycopene powder is an effective antioxidant that blocks the oxidation of meat proteins and lipids, and has a positive effect on increasing lamb meat quality during storage. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Development of a highly sensitive high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography method for the screening and simultaneous determination of sofosbuvir, daclatasvir, and ledipasvir in their pure forms and their different pharmaceutical formulations
Authors: Saraya Roshdy E. , Elhenawee Magda , Saleh Hanaa 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe combination of sofosbuvir and daclatasvir or sofosbuvir and ledipasvir is now widely used as an ideal treatment for hepatitis C virus infection. For this purpose, a simple, sensitive, accurate, economic, and precise high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography was developed and validated for the determination of sofosbuvir, daclatasvir, and ledipasvir in their pure form as well as their different pharmaceutical products. The method used Merck high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography aluminum plates precoated with silica gel 60 F254 as a stationary phase and mobile phase consisting of methylene chloride/methanol/ethyl acetate/ammonia (25%) (6:1:4:1, v/v/v/v). This system was found to give compact symmetric peaks of sofosbuvir, daclatasvir, and ledipasvir with retardation factors of 0.27 ± 0.01, 0.50 ± 0.007, and 0.68 ± 0.008, respectively. The densitometric scanner was set at 275 nm using a deuterium lamp. The calibration curves were linear over the range of 100–3000 ng/spot for sofosbuvir, and daclatasvir, and range of 50–3000 ng/spot for ledipasvir. The detection limits were 22.5, 31.90, and 15.80 for sofosbuvir, daclatasvir, and ledipasvir. The quantitation limits were 67.50, 95.60, and 47.50 for sofosbuvir, daclatasvir, and ledipasvir. The proposed method was validated according to International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines and the results were acceptable.
Feasibility of real‐time lung tumor motion monitoring using intrafractional ultrasound and kV cone beam projection images
Authors: Mostafaei Farshad , Tai An , Gore Elizabeth , Johnstone Candice , Haase William , Ehlers Christopher , Cooper David T. , Lachaine Martin , Li X. Allen 
Published: July 2018

PurposeThe ability to monitor intrafractional tumor motion is essential for radiation therapy of thoracic and abdominal tumors. This study aims to develop a method to track lung tumor motion using intrafractional continuous ultrasound (US) and periodic cone‐beam projection images (CBPI).MethodsTime‐sequenced b‐mode US and CBPI data were extracted from the data acquired with the Clarity® and XVI platforms on an Elekta linac, respectively. The data were synchronized through a video capture card (VCE‐PRO, IMPERX Inc.) which was triggered by the XVI system. In this way, a system was configured to allow real‐time acquisition of the diaphragm position synchronized with periodic acquisition of the lung tumor position. Feasibility of the system was demonstrated by acquiring synchronized data on an in‐house motion platform with embedded spheres of different materials and US images of the diaphragm on 5 volunteers of various body sizes. Finally, ultrasound b‐mode images and CBPI were also acquired simultaneously from 3 lung cancer patients.ResultsDiaphragm motion monitoring under free breathing (FB) was successful with intracostal US imaging. We observed that diaphragm visualization decreased with the increase in the body size of the volunteer. The US system was able to track the motion as small as 2 mm in the phantom. The intrafractional CBPI acquired during VMAT delivery was successfully synchronized with US acquisition in a phantom study. Collected patient data showed a significant correlation between diaphragm motion, an internal surrogate monitored by US, and the tumor motion in superior–inferior (SI) direction monitored by XVI (P ˂ 0.0001).ConclusionsThe feasibility of real‐time lung tumor motion tracking in SI direction with continuous ultrasound and periodic CBPI was demonstrated. The real‐time estimation of the target position from the two streams for lung cancer patients would enable respiration gating or tracking during SBRT.
Quantifying ventilation change due to radiation therapy using 4DCT Jacobian calculations
Authors: Patton Taylor J. , Gerard Sarah E. , Shao Wei , Christensen Gary E. , Reinhardt Joseph M. , Bayouth John E. 
Published: July 2018

PurposeRegional ventilation and its response to radiation dose can be estimated using four‐dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) and image registration. This study investigated the impact of radiation therapy (RT) on ventilation and the dependence of radiation‐induced ventilation change on pre‐RT ventilation derived from 4DCT.Methods and materialsThree 4DCT scans were acquired from each of 12 subjects: two scans before RT and one scan 3 months after RT. The 4DCT datasets were used to generate the pre‐RT and post‐RT ventilation maps by registering the inhale phase image to the exhale phase image and computing the Jacobian determinant of the resulting transformation. The ventilation change between pre‐RT and post‐RT was calculated by taking a ratio of the post‐RT Jacobian map to the pre‐RT Jacobian map. The voxel‐wise ventilation change between pre‐ and post‐RT was investigated as a function of dose and pre‐RT ventilation.ResultsLung regions receiving over 20 Gy exhibited a significant decrease in function (3.3%, P < 0.01) compared to those receiving less than 20 Gy. When the voxels were stratified into high and low pre‐RT function by thresholding the Jacobian map at 10% volume expansion (Jacobian = 1.1), high‐function voxels exhibited 4.8% reduction in function for voxels receiving over 20 Gy, a significantly greater decline (P = 0.037) than the 2.4% reduction in function for low‐function voxels. Ventilation decreased linearly with dose in both high‐function and low‐function regions. High‐function regions showed a significantly larger decline in ventilation (P ≪ 0.001) as dose increased (1.4% ventilation reduction/10 Gy) compared to low‐function regions (0.3% ventilation reduction/10 Gy). With further stratification of pre‐RT ventilation, voxels exhibited increasing dose‐dependent ventilation reduction with increasing pre‐RT ventilation, with the largest pre‐RT Jacobian bin (pre‐RT Jacobian between 1.5 and 1.6) exhibiting a ventilation reduction of 4.8% per 10 Gy.ConclusionsSignificant ventilation reductions were measured after radiation therapy treatments, and were dependent on the dose delivered to the tissue and the pre‐RT ventilation of the tissue. For a fixed radiation dose, lung tissue with high pre‐RT ventilation experienced larger decreases in post‐RT ventilation than lung tissue with low pre‐RT ventilation.
Are the eigenvalues of the B‐spline isogeometric analysis approximation of −Δu = λu known in almost closed form?
Authors: Ekström Sven‐Erik , Furci Isabella , Garoni Carlo , Manni Carla , Serra‐Capizzano Stefano , Speleers Hendrik 
Published: July 2018

SummaryWe consider the B‐spline isogeometric analysis approximation of the Laplacian eigenvalue problem −Δu = λu over the d‐dimensional hypercube (0,1)d. By using tensor‐product arguments, we show that the eigenvalue–eigenvector structure of the resulting discretization matrix is completely determined by the eigenvalue–eigenvector structure of the matrix
arising from the isogeometric analysis approximation based on B‐splines of degree p of the unidimensional problem
. Here, n is the mesh fineness parameter, and the size of
is N(n,p) = n + p − 2. In previous works, it was established that the normalized sequence
enjoys an asymptotic spectral distribution described by a function ep(θ), the so‐called spectral symbol. The contributions of this paper can be summarized as follows:

We prove several important analytic properties of the spectral symbol ep(θ). In particular, we show that ep(θ) is monotone increasing on [0,π] for all p ≥ 1 and that ep(θ)→θ2 uniformly on [0,π] as p→∞.
For p = 1 and p = 2, we show that
belongs to a matrix algebra associated with a fast unitary sine transform, and we compute eigenvalues and eigenvectors of
. In both cases, the eigenvalues are given by ep(θj,n), j = 1,…,n + p − 2, where θj,n = jπ/n.
For p ≥ 3, we provide numerical evidence of a precise asymptotic expansion for the eigenvalues of
, excluding the largest
eigenvalues (the so‐called outliers). More precisely, we numerically show that for every p ≥ 3, every integer α ≥ 0, every n, and every
,

urn:x-wiley:nla:media:nla2198:nla2198-math-0010
where

the eigenvalues of
are arranged in ascending order,
;

is a sequence of functions from [0,π] to
, which depends only on p;
h = 1/n and θj,n = jπh for j = 1,…,n; and

is the remainder, which satisfies
for some constant
depending only on α and p.
We also provide a proof of this expansion for α = 0 and j = 1,…,N(n,p) −(4p − 2), where 4p − 2 represents a theoretical estimate of the number of outliers
.

We show through numerical experiments that, for p ≥ 3 and k ≥ 1, there exists a point θ( p,k) ∈ (0,π) such that
vanishes on [0,θ( p,k)]. Moreover, as it is suggested by the numerics of this paper, the infimum of θ(p,k) over all k ≥ 1, say yp, is strictly positive, and the equation
holds numerically whenever θj,n < θ( p), where θ( p) is a point in (0,yp] which grows with p.
For p ≥ 3, based on the asymptotic expansion in the above item 3, we propose a parallel interpolation–extrapolation algorithm for computing the eigenvalues of
, excluding the
outliers. The performance of the algorithm is illustrated through numerical experiments. Note that, by the previous item 4, the algorithm is actually not necessary for computing the eigenvalues corresponding to points θj,n < θ( p).
A three‐scale compressible microsphere model for hyperelastic materials
Authors: Dal Hüsnü , Cansız Bariş , Miehe Christian 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThis paper presents a seminumerical homogenization framework for porous hyperelastic materials that is open for any hyperelastic microresponse. The conventional analytical homogenization schemes do apply to a limited number of elementary hyperelastic constitutive models. Within this context, we propose a general numerical scheme based on the homogenization of a spherical cavity in an incompressible unit hyperelastic solid sphere, which is denoted as the mesoscopic representative volume element (mRVE). The approach is applicable to any hyperelastic micromechanical response. The deformation field in the sphere is approximated via nonaffine kinematics proposed by Hou and Abeyaratne (JMPS 40:571‐592,1992). Symmetric displacement boundary conditions driven by the principal stretches of the deformation gradient are applied on the outer boundary of the mRVE. The macroscopic quantities, eg, stress and moduli expressions, are obtained by analytically derived pointwise geometric transformations. The macroscopic expressions are then computed numerically through quadrature rules applied in the radial and surface directions of the sphere. A three‐scale compressible microsphere model is derived from the developed seminumerical homogenization framework where the micro‐meso transition is based on the nonaffine microsphere model at every point of the mRVE. The numerical scheme developed for the derivation of macroscopic homogenized stresses and moduli terms as well as the modeling capability of the three‐scale microsphere model is investigated through representative boundary value problems.
Coupling of finite element and plane waves discontinuous Galerkin methods for time‐harmonic problems
Authors: Gaborit M. , Dazel O. , Göransson P. , Gabard G. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryA coupling approach is presented to combine a wave‐based method to the standard finite element method. This coupling methodology is presented here for the Helmholtz equation but it can be applied to a wide range of wave propagation problems. While wave‐based methods can significantly reduce the computational cost, especially at high frequencies, their efficiency is hampered by the need to use small elements to resolve complex geometric features. This can be alleviated by using a standard finite element model close to the surfaces to model geometric details and create large, simply‐shaped areas to model with a wave‐based method. This strategy is formulated and validated in this paper for the wave‐based discontinuous Galerkin method together with the standard finite element method. The coupling is formulated without using Lagrange multipliers and results demonstrate that the coupling is optimal in that the convergence rates of the individual methods are maintained.
Numerical solution a class of 2D fractional optimal control problems by using 2D Müntz‐Legendre wavelets
Authors: Rahimkhani Parisa , Ordokhani Yadollah 
Published: July 2018

SummaryIn this paper, a method for finding an approximate solution of a class of 2D fractional optimal control problems with fractional‐order dynamical system is discussed. In the proposed method, the fractional derivative is expressed in the Caputo sense. The method consists of expanding unknown functions as the elements of two‐dimensional (2D) Müntz‐Legendre wavelets. The 2D Müntz‐Legendre wavelets are constructed and their properties are presented. The operational matrix of fractional‐order integration for these wavelets is utilized to reduce the solution of 2D fractional optimal control problem to an optimization problem, which can then be solved easily. Some results concerning the error analysis are obtained. Finally, two illustrative test problems are included to demonstrate the validity and applicability of the technique. Moreover, our achievements are compared with the previous results to show the superiority of the proposed method.
Deletion of cadherin‐17 enhances intestinal permeability and susceptibility to intestinal tumour formation
Authors: Chang Ya‐Yun , Yu Linda Chia‐Hui , Yu I‐Shing , Jhuang Yu‐Lin , Huang Wei‐Ju , Yang Ching‐Yao , Jeng Yung‐Ming 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCadherin‐17 is an adhesion molecule expressed specifically in intestinal epithelial cells. It is frequently underexpressed in human colorectal cancer. The physiological function of cadherin‐17 and its role in tumourigenesis have not yet been determined. We used the transcription activator‐like effector nuclease technique to generate a Cdh17 knockout (KO) mouse model. Intestinal tissues were analysed with histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural methods. Colitis was induced by oral administration of dextran sulphate sodium (DSS), and, to study effects on intestinal tumourigenesis, mice were given azoxymethane (AOM) and DSS to induce colitis‐associated cancer. Cdh17 KO mice were viable and fertile. The histology of their small and large intestines was similar to that of wild‐type mice. The junctional architecture of the intestinal epithelium was preserved. The loss of cadherin‐17 resulted in increased permeability and susceptibility to DSS‐induced colitis. The AOM/DSS model demonstrated that Cdh17 KO enhanced tumour formation and progression in the intestine. Increased nuclear translocation of Yap1, but not of β‐catenin, was identified in the tumours of Cdh17 KO mice. In conclusion, cadherin‐17 plays a crucial role in intestinal homeostasis by limiting the permeability of the intestinal epithelium. Cadherin‐17 is also a tumour suppressor for intestinal epithelia. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of fetal endoscopic tracheal occlusion in isolated left‐sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia on left‐sided cardiac dimensions
Authors: Dhillon Gurpreet S. , Maskatia Shiraz A. , Loar Robert W. , Colquitt John L. , Mehollin‐Ray Amy R. , Ruano Rodrigo , Belfort Michael A. , Olutoye Oluyinka O. , Kailin Joshua A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectivesFetal endoscopic tracheal occlusion (FETO) is offered to fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and severe lung hypoplasia to promote lung growth and may secondarily affect left heart growth. The effects of FETO on left heart hypoplasia (LHH) are not described post‐CDH repair.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for fetuses with left‐sided CDH who underwent FETO and severity‐matched controls from 2007 to 2016 at our institution. Echocardiographic, ultrasound, and MRI data were reviewed. Left heart dimensions were assessed prenatally and postnatally. Primary clinical outcome evaluated was death.ResultsTwelve FETO patients and 18 controls were identified. Fetal LHH was noted in both groups and worsened after FETO. Postnatal mitral valve dimensions were larger in the FETO group pre‐CDH repair (P = .03). Post‐CDH repair, mitral valve and left ventricular dimensions were not significantly different between groups (P = .79 and P = .63 respectively) while FETO aortic valve dimensions were smaller (P = .04). Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use was lower in the FETO group. No associations were found between left heart dimensions and outcomes.ConclusionAlthough increased lung growth was seen after FETO, fetal LHH persisted with relative normalization seen post‐repair. Persistent LHH post‐FETO could be secondary to a small contribution of pulmonary venous return to the fetal left heart and increased intrathoracic pressures post‐FETO.
Modality‐specific exercise guidelines and quality of life in kidney cancer survivors: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Trinh Linda , Strom Dominick A. , Wong Jaime N. , Courneya Kerry S. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectivesFew exercise oncology trials have compared aerobic with strength exercise or compared combined exercise (ie, aerobic and strength training) with aerobic only or strength only. It is unknown what single or combined exercise modality is optimal for quality of life (QoL) in cancer survivors. The purpose of this study is to estimate the prevalence of meeting the combined and independent aerobic and strength exercise guidelines in kidney cancer survivors (KCS) and determine any associations with QoL.MethodsOne thousand nine hundred eighty‐five KCS were identified through a provincial registry in Canada and mailed a survey including exercise and QoL scales.ResultsCompleted surveys were received from 703 KCS. Only 10.1% of KCS reported meeting the combined exercise guidelines. Analyses of covariance indicated that, for most QoL outcomes (eg, Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy—General and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy—Fatigue), meeting the combined exercise guideline was superior to meeting either single modality guideline that, in turn, were superior to meeting neither guideline. For the primary outcome of the Trial Outcome Index‐Fatigue, meeting the combined exercise guideline was superior to meeting (a) neither guideline (P < 0.001), (b) the strength‐only guideline (P = 0.021), and (c) the aerobic‐only guideline (P = 0.051). In turn, the aerobic and strength exercise only guidelines were superior to meeting neither guideline (P < 0.001 for aerobic; P = 0.045 for strength) but were not different from each other (P = 0.50).ConclusionsMeeting the combined exercise guideline has favorable associations with QoL in KCS, however, very few KCS are meeting the combined guideline.
An Orbitrap‐based laser desorption/ablation mass spectrometer designed for spaceflight
Authors: Arevalo Ricardo , Selliez Laura , Briois Christelle , Carrasco Nathalie , Thirkell Laurent , Cherville Barnabé , Colin Fabrice , Gaubicher Bertrand , Farcy Benjamin , Li Xiang , Makarov Alexander 
Published: July 2018

RationaleThe investigation of cryogenic planetary environments as potential harbors for extant life and/or contemporary sites of organic synthesis represents an emerging focal point in planetary exploration. Next generation instruments need to be capable of unambiguously determining elemental and/or molecular stoichiometry via highly accurate mass measurements and the separation of isobaric interferences.MethodsAn Orbitrap™ analyzer adapted for spaceflight (referred to as the CosmOrbitrap), coupled with a commercial pulsed UV laser source (266 nm), was used to successfully characterize a variety of planetary analog samples via ultrahigh resolution laser desorption/ablation mass spectrometry. The materials analyzed in this study include: jarosite (a hydrous sulfate detected on Mars); magnesium sulfate (a potential component of the subsurface ocean on Europa); uracil (a nucleobase of RNA); and a variety of amino acids.ResultsThe instrument configuration tested here enables: measurement of major elements and organic molecules with ultrahigh mass resolution (m/Δm ≥ 120,000, FWHM); quantification of isotopic abundances with <1.0% (2σ) precision; and identification of highly accurate masses within 3.2 ppm of absolute values. The analysis of a residue of a dilute solution of amino acids demonstrates the capacity to detect twelve amino acids in positive ion mode at concentrations as low as ≤1 pmol/mm2 while maintaining mass resolution and accuracy requirements.ConclusionsThe CosmOrbitrap mass analyzer is highly sensitive and delivers mass resolution/accuracy unmatched by any instrument sent into orbit or launched into deep space. This prototype instrument, which maps to a spaceflight implementation, represents a mission‐enabling technology capable of advancing planetary exploration for decades to come.
Organocatalytic Asymmetric Cascade Reaction of γ‐Substituted Deconjugated Butenolides with o‐Formyl‐β‐nitrostyrene
Authors: Deepake Siddharth K. , Lanjewar Atul B. , Thatikonda Thanusha , Gonnade Rajesh G. , Das Utpal 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAn efficient chemo‐, diastereo‐ and enantio‐selective cascade synthesis of functionalized indanols bearing four contiguous stereogenic centres has been developed via the reaction of β,γ‐butenolides with o‐formyl‐β‐nitrostyrenes in the presence of bi‐functional hydrogen‐bonding catalyst. Indanol derivatives containing γ,γ‐disubstituted butenolides were obtained in good yields and with moderate to high enantioselectivities/diastereoselectivities.