bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are Multinational Retailers Really Selling at Lower Prices Than Domestic Chains? Evidence from Three Sectors
Authors: Caraballo-Cueto José 
Published: December 2018

Currently, there is no systematic evidence showing that, 15 years or more after entry, all multinational retailers provide lower prices than domestic buying groups. In the short term, some multinational retailers may lower prices to deter local competitors and attract consumers in a ‘loss leader’ strategy. However, domestic competitors can integrate buying groups to share the benefit of economies of scale with multinational retailers, while holding lower profitability requirements and overhead costs than multinational retailers. We compared multinational retailers to domestic buying groups in a jurisdiction that had one of the highest proportions of Walgreens and Walmart stores in the world. Despite their market power, in our representative samples of goods, there is no evidence that the prices of multinational retailers in the sectors of pharmacies, supermarkets and hardware stores are lower than domestic chains. JEL Codes: M3, R1, L8, F2
Pharmacists’ Perspectives on Practice, Availability, and Barriers Related to Opioids in Georgia
Authors: Lal Ashima , Bai Jinbing , Basri Danny , Yeager Katherine A. 
Published: December 2018

Objectives: To explore pharmacists’ perspectives on practice, availability, and barriers related to opioids. Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated pharmacists’ perspectives on practice, availability, and barriers related to opioids. Electronic surveys were distributed to pharmacists practicing in Georgia via Survey Monkey. The χ2 or Fisher Exact test was used to test differences in practice, availability, and barriers with respect to type of pharmacy and location of pharmacy. Results: Most participating pharmacists practiced in an independent (47%) or community chain pharmacies (37%). The majority checked the Prescription Drug-Monitoring Program (PDMP) on a regular basis (73%), and about a third reported contacting the prescriber prior to dispensing. The most common barrier included concerns about diversion (82%) and illicit use (90%). About two-thirds reported experiencing a shortage of opioids. Significant differences ( P < .05) were found between types of pharmacy in dispensing practices, availability, and barriers. No significant differences were found with respect to pharmacy location. Conclusion: Findings suggest that pharmacists are facing challenges in availability of opioids and are employing stewardship approaches to optimize dispensing practices. This research provides insight regarding broken links in the “pain relief chain” and identifies opportunities to improve the accessibility of opioids when medically indicated. Pharmacists can play an important role in addressing the opioid crisis as well as providing quality care to patients with cancer seeking pain relief.
Correlation Between the Sites of Onset of Basal Cell Carcinoma and the Embryonic Fusion Planes in the Auricle
Authors: Nicoletti Giovanni , Tresoldi Marco Mario , Malovini Alberto , Prigent Sebastien , Agozzino Manuela , Faga Angela 
Published: December 2018

Objectives: This study aims at the identification of the distribution of basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) in the auricle in correlation with the currently most credited sites of the embryonic fusion planes of the auricle. Methods: An overall number of 69 patients with 72 BCCs of the auricle were enrolled in the study over a period of 14 years, from June 2003 to October 2017. All the cases underwent medical preoperative digital photography and the specific location of each BCC was coded on an original full-size anatomical diagram of the auricle derived from the reports by Streeter, Wood-Jones, Park, Porter, and Minoux showing the currently most credited sites of the embryonic fusion planes arbitrarily featured as two 5-mm-wide ribbon-like areas: (1) the hyoid-mandibular fusion plane (HM-FP) running from the upper margin of the tragus toward the concha and then deflecting toward the lower margin of the tragus and (2) the free ear fold-hyoid fusion plane (FEFH-FP) running from the cranial-most portion of the helix to the mid-portion of the ascending helix. The latter fusion planes were comprehensively termed embryological fusion planes (EFP) while all of the remaining surface of the auricle was comprehensively termed non-fusion area (NFA). The surfaces of all of the latter areas were calculated using the ImageJ software. Results: According to our data, the greatest number of BCCs was observed within the currently most credited sites of the embryonic fusion planes of the auricle. The latter sites displayed a 12-fold increased tumor incidence in comparison with the remaining surface of the ear. Conclusions: A correspondence between the sites of onset of BCCs and the sites of merging and/or fusion of embryonal processes was demonstrated in the auricle. Therefore, the latter sites might be considered as high-risk areas for the development of a BCC. Such an evidence provides further support to the hypothesis of an embryological pathogenesis of BCC.
The National Pain Audit for specialist pain services in England and Wales 2010–2014
Authors: Price Cathy , de C Williams Amanda C , Smith Blair H , Bottle Alex 
Published: December 2018

Introduction:Numerous reports highlight variations in pain clinic provision between services, particularly in the provision of multidisciplinary services and length of waiting times. A National Audit aims to identify and quantify these variations, to facilitate raising standards of care in identified areas of need. This article describes a Quality Improvement Programme cycle covering England and Wales that used such an approach to remedy the paucity of data on the current state of UK pain clinics.Methods:Clinics were audited over a 4-year period using standards developed by the Faculty of Pain Medicine of The Royal College of Anaesthetists. Reporting was according to guidance from a recent systematic review of national surveys of pain clinics. A range of quality improvement measures was introduced via a series of roadshows led by the British Pain Society.Results:94% of clinics responded to the first audit and 83% responded to the second. Per annum, 0.4% of the total national population was estimated to attend a specialist pain service. A significant improvement in multidisciplinary staffing was found (35–56%, p < 0.001) over the 4-year audit programme, although this still requires improvement. Very few clinics achieved recommended evidence-based waiting times, although only 2.5% fell outside government targets; this did not improve. Safety standards were generally met. Clinicians often failed to code diagnoses.Conclusion:A National Audit found that while generally safe many specialist pain services in England and Wales fell below recommended standards of care. Waiting times and staffing require improvement if patients are to get effective and timely care. Diagnostic coding also requires improvement.
The multifaceted role of fibrinogen in tissue injury and inflammation
Authors: Luyendyk James P. , Schoenecker Jonathan G. , Flick Matthew J. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The canonical role of the hemostatic and fibrinolytic systems is to maintain vascular integrity. Perturbations in either system can prompt primary pathological end points of hemorrhage or thrombosis with vessel occlusion. However, fibrin(ogen) and proteases controlling its deposition and clearance, including (pro)thrombin and plasmin(ogen), have powerful roles in driving acute and reparative inflammatory pathways that affect the spectrum of tissue injury, remodeling, and repair. Indeed, fibrin(ogen) deposits are a near-universal feature of tissue injury, regardless of the nature of the inciting event, including injuries driven by mechanical insult, infection, or immunological derangements. Fibrin can modify multiple aspects of inflammatory cell function by engaging leukocytes through a variety of cellular receptors and mechanisms. Studies on the role of coagulation system activation and fibrin(ogen) deposition in models of inflammatory disease and tissue injury have revealed points of commonality, as well as context-dependent contributions of coagulation and fibrinolytic factors. However, there remains a critical need to define the precise temporal and spatial mechanisms by which fibrinogen-directed inflammatory events may dictate the severity of tissue injury and coordinate the remodeling and repair events essential to restore normal organ function. Current research trends suggest that future studies will give way to the identification of novel hemostatic factor-targeted therapies for a range of tissue injuries and disease.
The Primacy of “What” over “How Much”: How Type and Quantity Shape Healthiness Perceptions of Food Portions
Authors: Liu Peggy J. , Haws Kelly L. , Scherr Karen , Redden Joseph P. , Bettman James R. , Fitzsimons Gavan J. 
Published: December 2018

Healthy eating goals influence many consumer choices, such that evaluating the healthiness of food portions is important. Given that both the type and quantity of food jointly contribute to weight and overall health, evaluations of a food portion’s healthiness ought to consider both type and quantity. However, existing literature tends to examine food type and food quantity separately. Across seven studies, we show that consumers treat type as a primary dimension and quantity as a secondary dimension, such that a change in type (versus quantity) has a greater impact on perceived healthiness or health goal impact, even when holding objective impact constant in terms of calories. We also examine whether one reason this effect occurs is because most consumers consider type (a categorical attribute) before quantity (a continuous attribute). We conclude by discussing extensions of these ideas to other perceptual assessments involving both type and quantity (e.g., price perceptions).The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2018.3098 .This paper was accepted by Yuval Rottenstreich, decision analysis.
REKONSTRUKSI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DALAM RISĀLAH “ḤAYY BIN YAQẒĀN” KARYA IBN ṬUFAIL (Analisis Resepsi Sastra)
Authors: Latifi Yulia Nasrul 
Published: December 2018

In the middle of seeking the concept of character education recently, risālah “Ḥayy bin Yaqẓān” offers an inclusive and holistic alternative in literature perspective. The risālah describes the life of the main character, Ḥayy, whose life is full of knowledge, wisdom, and values from chilhood to death. This research aims to show the reconstruction of character education pillars and the process of character education building. The material object of this research is a risālah entitled Ḥayy bin Yaqẓān written by Ibn Ṭufayl. The formal object is the reconstruction of character education. The theory applied here is a reception by Iser, using a content analysis method. The results of this analysis reveals that the risālah consist of reconstruction of education pillars reflected on the character of Ḥayy. They are a willingness to learn, proactive and has a positive contribution to his neigborhood, emphaty and compassionate, cognitive intelligence combined with a strength of soul, and be faithful in God. The reconstruction of the process of character education building is the internal factors (family), the external factors (millieu), and the principle of character education is a life long education.
The Effect of Ultrasonic Wave Exposure on The Chlorophyll-a, b And Carotene Content of Nannochloropsis sp.
Authors: Endrawati Hadi , Zainuri Muhammad , Widianingsih Widianingsih , Hartati Retno , Mahendrajaya Robertus Triaji , Redjeki Sri , Riniatsih Ita , Azizah Ria 
Published: December 2018

Determination of chlorophyll-a, b and carotene content in microalgae is strongly dependent on the destruction of its cell wall during extraction process. Harvesting of microalgae is important because it will influence the nutrition content. The objective of present work is to optimize harvesting of Nannochloropsis sp by application of ultrasonic wave with frequency of 40 KHz under different exposure time. There were 3 treatments, i.e. exposure time of 5, 10 and 15 minutes. The chlorophyll-a, b, and carotene content were measured to gauge the effect of treatments. The result revealed that the cell wall of Nannochloropsis sp which made from carbohydrate were successfully broken by ultrasonic source equipment. It showed that the exposure time of 5, 10 and 15 minutes affected cell wall’s breaking percentage of Nannochloropsis sp cell by 10,35; 32,15; and 72,09 %, respectively. The longer exposure time of ultrasonic wave, the higher content of chlorophyll-a, b, and carotene.
Some Remarks on the Fractal Structure of Irrigation Balls
Authors: Devillanova Giuseppe , Solimini Sergio 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The paper is related to a conjecture by Pegon, Santambrogio and Xia concerning the dimension of the boundary of some sets which we are calling “irrigation balls”. We propose a notion of sub-balls and sub-spheres of prescribed radius and we prove that, generically, the only possible Minkowski dimension of sub-spheres is the one expected in the conjecture. At the same time, beside the scale transition properties and the dimension estimates on some significant sets, we propose a third approach to study the fractal regularity which relies on lower oscillation estimates on the landscape function, which turns out to behave as a Weierstrass-type function.
The rise of seaweed gastronomy: phycogastronomy
Authors: Mouritsen Ole G. , Rhatigan Prannie , Pérez-Lloréns José Lucas 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Seaweeds enjoy a rich history as human foodstuff for populations around the world. The omnipresence of seaweeds in all climate belts, the great biodiversity, their bounty of important nutrients, combined with the fact that most seaweeds are edible, suggest that seaweeds have played an important role as human food during human evolution. Seaweeds have served as a cheap and easily accessible crop in the daily fare for coastal populations. In many food cultures, in particular in Southeast Asia, seaweeds have for millennia been considered as valuable sea vegetables. In recent years, regional seaweed cuisines around the world have been rediscovered and reinvigorated, and many chefs up to the top level have initiated, often in collaboration with scientists, a trend towards a new seaweed gastronomy (phycogastronomy).
Glauben als Lebenskraft
Authors: Gräb Wilhelm 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Tillich develops a non-intentional understanding of faith in his essay “The Courage to Be”. Just as the “ontological fear” belongs to the human being so also the act of faith which Tillich reinterprets with the concept of courage. Believing does not mean believing in God, but being able to live from the power of unconditional trust. This article makes it clear that for Tillich faith, understood as unconditional trust, is just as much a part of being human as the “ontological fear” that alone the act of faith can cope with. Finally, the significance of this understanding of faith for preaching and pastoral care which Tillich presented in his “Religious Speeches” and with which he gave important impulses to the church’s praxis is shown conclusively.
Le Courage d’être et les contextes spirituels contemporains
Authors: Dumas Marc 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Can the exploration of new spiritual contexts in postmodernity lead us to come to terms with anxiety in new ways and, as a consequence, with courage? Three contexts (climate change, human migrations and organizational violence) bombard our fundamental vulnerability as individuals as well as our communities. Can these contextual and paradoxical anxieties send us once again to the source of the Courage to Be? Can Tillich’s proposals from the 1950s again become both fresh and relevant? It takes fundamental courage to confront these anxieties and challenges, a courage which further defines our humanity.
Synthesis and crystal structure of 5-(8-(((2-carboxyethyl)ammonio)methyl)-7-hydroxy-4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl)-2-hydroxybenzenesulfonate trihydrate, C19H23NO12S
Authors: Chen Hai-Lin , Yin Xiu-Ju 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
C19H23NO12S, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 8.3926(9) Å, b = 9.0469(6) Å, c = 15.3442(15) Å, α = 78.195(7)°, β = 74.352(9)°, γ = 70.169(8)°, V = 1047.08(18) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0538, wR
ref(F2
) = 0.1289, T = 293(2) K.
‘Decoding’ a literary text. The commentary of Derveni
Authors: Bernabé Alberto 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The author of Derveni Papyrus consider that the poem he commentates is like a riddle used by Orpheus to make it understandable to only a few. In our terms, he considers the poem an encoded text that he needs to decode in order to recover its true meaning. So he had to imagine a code in the text that once ‘decoded’ would yield the ‘true’ meaning that he wants to attribute to it. In the paper the way in which the commentator constructs the hypothetical process undertaken by Orpheus to express philosophical (presocratic) contents through a poetic mask is analyzed.
Instruments to Measure Outcomes in Pediatric Palliative Care: A Systematic Review
Authors: Friedel Marie , Aujoulat Isabelle , Dubois Anne-Catherine , Degryse Jean-Marie 
Published: December 2018

CONTEXT:
Pediatric palliative care (PPC) is intended to promote children’s quality of life by using a family-centered approach. However, the measurement of this multidimensional outcome remains challenging.

OBJECTIVE:
To review the instruments used to assess the impact of PPC interventions.

DATA SOURCES:
Five databases (Embase, Scopus, The Cochrane Library, PsychInfo, Medline) were searched.

STUDY SELECTION:
Inclusion criteria were as follows: definition of PPC used; patients aged 0 to 18 years; diseases listed in the directory of life-limiting diseases; results based on empirical data; and combined descriptions of a PPC intervention, its outcomes, and a measurement instrument.

DATA EXTRACTION:
Full-text articles were assessed and data were extracted by 2 independent researchers, and each discrepancy was resolved through consensus. The quality of the studies was assessed by using the Standard Quality Assessment Criteria for Evaluating Primary Research Papers From a Variety of Fields checklist.

RESULTS:
Nineteen of 2150 articles met the eligibility criteria. Researchers in 15 used quantitative methods, and 9 were of moderate quality. Multidimensional outcomes included health-related quality of life, spiritual well-being, satisfaction with care and/or communication, perceived social support, and family involvement in treatment or place-of-care preferences. PPC interventions ranged from home-based to hospital and respite care. Only 15 instruments (of 23 reported) revealed some psychometric properties, and only 5 included patient-reported (child) outcome measures.

LIMITATIONS:
We had no access to the developmental process of the instruments used to present the underlying concepts that were underpinning the constructs.

CONCLUSIONS:
Data on the psychometric properties of instruments used to assess the impact of PPC interventions were scarce. Children are not systematically involved in reporting outcomes.
Szárazságstressz és mikorrhiza gombák búza gyökérnövekedésére gyakorolt hatásának monitorozása elektromos kapacitás mérésével
Authors: Cseresnyés Imre , Takács Tünde , Kovács Ramóna , Füzy Anna , Rajkai Kálmán 
Published: December 2018

Tenyészedény-kísérletben vizsgáltuk, hogy a szárazságstressz és az arbuszkuláris mikorrhiza gomba (AMF) oltás milyen változást okoz a búza gyökérnövekedésében, és ez hogyan követhető nyomon a gyökér–talaj rendszer elektromos kapacitásának (CR) in situ mérésével.
A kísérletet randomizált blokk elrendezésben végeztük két búzafajtával (Mv. Hombár őszi és TC 33 tavaszi), kétféle öntözéssel (optimális és szárazságstressz) és kétféle oltással (oltatlan és AM-gombával oltott), 12 ismétlésben. A tenyészidőszakban monitoroztuk a CR-t, valamint mértük a sztómakonduktanciát és a levelek klorofilltartalmát (SPAD-értékben). A kísérlet végén TTC-teszttel vizsgáltuk a gyökerek életképességét, mikroszkópos vizsgálattal becsültük az AM gomba gyökérkolonizációját, valamint meghatároztuk a gyökér- és hajtástömeget.
A vízhiány szignifikánsan (9–35%-kal) csökkentette a búzafajták gyökértömegét, mely a mért CR-értékekben is tükröződött. A szárazság okozta CRés biomassza-csökkenés jelentősebb volt a TC 33, mint az Mv. Hombár esetében. A CR monitorozásával kimutattuk a növények stressz utáni regenerációját és a fajták eltérő gyökérnövekedési dinamikáját. Az AMF oltás csökkentette a CR-t és a biomassza-produkciót (29–42%-kal), vélhetően az intenzív (84–87%-os) gyökérkolonizáció és a növénynevelés körülményei (erős szárazságstressz) következtében. Az oltás optimális öntözés mellett növelte a sztómakonduktanciát és a gyökér vitalitását. A vízhiány azonban csökkentette a gyökér életképességét. A klorofilltartalom leginkább a búzafajták között mutatott eltérést az Mv. Hombár nagyobb SPAD-értékével. A gyökértömeg és -kapacitás között szoros lineáris korrelációt (R2 = 0,792–0,865) találtunk. A TC 33 fajta regressziós egyenesének nagyobb meredeksége a nagyobb hajtástömegből eredő nagyobb fajlagos vízfelvételre vezethető vissza.
Eredményeink alapján a CR-mérés alkalmas a gyökérnövekedési dinamika monitorozására és a környezeti hatások detektálására. A roncsolásmentes eljárás egyéb növénymorfológiai és -élettani vizsgálómódszerek hasznos kiegészítője lehet.
Studying Medicine and being a doctor in Spain
Authors: García-Estañ Joaquín 
Published: December 2018

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. In Spain, and probably around the world, the degree of Medicine is one of the most appreciated studies by the students. Not only the influence of job prospects, better than in other University careers, but also the study of a scientific career with many specialization areas or the joy felt by doctors when they manage to help a very sick patient, are some reasons to undertake the adventure to become a doctor. Since the demand to study Medicine is so high, it is not strange that most people with interest stay out of the process, since, at least in Spain, only the high school students with the best records are able to enter into a School of Medicine. But becoming a doctor is more than the study of a University Degree for 6 years. They need also a postgraduate specialization (MIR), in Hospitals of the National Health System, as a necessary step in order to be able to practice Medicine, either in public or private institutions. However, this road is not free from problems since there has been a decrease in the number of MIR specialization places offered without a similar reduction in the number of undergraduate positions. Moreover, the number of medical schools has not stopped growing and places Spain as one of the countries with the highest ratio of Medical Schools per inhabitant. This situation can lead to a scenario similar to that experienced in the 80s and 90s, where we witnessed an increase in the number of Specialist Physicians without Official Title (called MESTOS). As of November 2018, around 4,000 medical graduates cannot access specialized health training and may be forced into unemployment or emigration.
Reseña del libro: Juan Goytisolo, Paisajes después de la batalla, Ed. Bénédicte Vauthier, Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, 2012
Authors: Kroll Simon 
Published: December 2018

Reseña de: Juan Goytisolo, Paisajes después de la batalla, Ed. Bénédicte Vauthier, Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, 2012
Las marcas sociolingüísticas en una muestra de la lexicografía cubana: tipología y evolución
Authors: Camacho Barreiro Aurora M. 
Published: December 2018

Este artículo da cuenta de una investigación que intenta identificar, inventariar y evaluar los recursos que vehiculan el componente ideológico en algunos diccionarios diferenciales cubanos, en este caso a través del estudio de las marcas sociolingüísticas, en especial de la marca de registro vulgar.