bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perovskite CsPbX3: A Promising Nonlinear Optical Material and Its Applications for Ambient All‐Optical Switching with Enhanced Stability
Authors: Wu Leiming , Chen Keqiang , Huang Weichun , Lin Zhitao , Zhao Jinlai , Jiang Xiantao , Ge Yanqi , Zhang Feng , Xiao Quannan , Guo Zhinan , Xiang Yuanjiang , Li Jianqing , Bao Qiaoliang , Zhang Han 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPerovskites are demonstrated as an excellent prospect for applications in all‐optical switching due to their excellent nonlinear optical effects. In this contribution, 2D cesium lead iodine (CsPbI3) quantum dots (QDs) and cesium lead bromine iodine (CsPbBrxI3−x) nanosheets (NSs) are prepared, characterized, and applied in all‐optical switching, and their asymmetric nonlinear optical response is also investigated. Moreover, the impact of the beam distortion on the CsPbI3 QDs and CsPbBrxI3−x NSs is systematically analyzed. An all‐optical switching technique based on perovskite QDs and NSs is experimentally investigated, which is realized by modulating the propagation of the signal beam with another controlling beam using spatial cross‐phase modulation. The achievement of all‐optical switching indicates that perovskites can be developed as an excellent optical material for all‐optical signal processing. The contribution reveals the potential applications of perovskites as a new type of optical information material, and it is therefore anticipated that CsPbI3 QDs, CsPbBrxI3−x NSs, and other 2D perovskite NSs could find promising applications in photonics devices (such as optical modulators, optical switchers, and detectors).
Transition Metal‐Catalyzed C−H Bond Functionalizations by Use of Sulfur‐Containing Directing Groups
Authors: Tang Kai‐Xiang , Wang Chun‐Meng , Gao Tian‐Hong , Chen Lin , Fan Lian , Sun Li‐Ping 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTransition metal‐catalyzed direct functionalization of C−H bonds is an economical and efficient way to construct complex molecules that is currently attracting tremendous attention. In particular, the strategy involving transition metal‐catalyzed regioselective C−H activation assisted by sulfur‐containing directing groups has been realized in the past few years in spite of sulfur's ability to poison many transition metal catalysts. This review describes the rational development of sulfur‐containing directing groups including thioethers, sulfoxides, thioamides, alkoxythiocarbonyl groups, and thioketones. Through collective efforts in the community, a range of transition metal‐catalyzed C−H activation transformations using this type of directing group has been developed.magnified image
Design and Synthesis of Layered Na2Ti3O7 and Tunnel Na2Ti6O13 Hybrid Structures with Enhanced Electrochemical Behavior for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wu Chunjin , Hua Weibo , Zhang Zheng , Zhong Benhe , Yang Zuguang , Feng Guilin , Xiang Wei , Wu Zhenguo , Guo Xiaodong 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA novel complementary approach for promising anode materials is proposed. Sodium titanates with layered Na2Ti3O7 and tunnel Na2Ti6O13 hybrid structure are presented, fabricated, and characterized. The hybrid sample exhibits excellent cycling stability and superior rate performance by the inhibition of layered phase transformation and synergetic effect. The structural evolution, reaction mechanism, and reaction dynamics of hybrid electrodes during the sodium insertion/desertion process are carefully investigated. In situ synchrotron X‐ray powder diffraction (SXRD) characterization is performed and the result indicates that Na+ inserts into tunnel structure with occurring solid solution reaction and intercalates into Na2Ti3O7 structure with appearing a phase transition in a low voltage. The reaction dynamics reveals that sodium ion diffusion of tunnel Na2Ti6O13 is faster than that of layered Na2Ti3O7. The synergetic complementary properties are significantly conductive to enhance electrochemical behavior of hybrid structure. This study provides a promising candidate anode for advanced sodium ion batteries (SIBs).
Indigenous land and sea management programs: Can they promote regional development and help “close the (income) gap”?
Authors: Jarvis Diane , Stoeckl Natalie , Hill Ro , Pert Petina 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThroughout the world, there is growing recognition of the important role Indigenous people play in natural resource management and conservation. Indigenous Land and Sea Management Programs (ILSMPs; which provide funds to Indigenous people to support Indigenous land management activities) are also known to generate social and economic benefits, although relative few of these co‐benefits have been quantified. Using northern Australia as a case study, we analysed data on ILSMP expenditure within three regional input–output tables, learning more about the size and distribution of their associated regional economic benefits. We found ILSMPs make a significant contribution to regional economies—with multipliers commonly exceeding that of other key regional industries such as agriculture and mining. We also found ILSMP expenditures make a larger contribution to Indigenous household incomes than they do to non‐Indigenous incomes—thus helping to close the (income) gap. They will continue to do so, provided the proportion of ILSMP money spent on Indigenous (compared to non‐Indigenous) incomes does not fall below a threshold amount. Rather than finding evidence of a trade‐off between socio‐ecological and financial/economic goals, our results suggest ILSMPs, known for their ecological importance, can also make a vitally important contribution to economic development in rural areas.
Surfactant Assembly within Pickering Emulsion Droplets for Fabrication of Interior‐Structured Mesoporous Carbon Microspheres
Authors: Liu Dawei , Xue Nan , Wei Lijuan , Zhang Ye , Qin Zhangfeng , Li Xuekuan , Binks Bernard P. , Yang Hengquan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLarge‐sized carbon spheres with controllable interior architecture are highly desired, but there is no method to synthesize these materials. Here, we develop a novel method to synthesize interior‐structured mesoporous carbon microspheres (MCMs), based on the surfactant assembly within water droplet‐confined spaces. Our approach is shown to access a library of unprecedented MCMs such as hollow MCMs, multi‐chambered MCMs, bijel‐structured MCMs, multi‐cored MCMs, “solid” MCMs, and honeycombed MCMs. These novel structures, unattainable for the conventional bulk synthesis even at the same conditions, suggest an intriguing effect arising from the droplet‐confined spaces. This synthesis method and the hitherto unfound impact of the droplet‐confined spaces on the microstructural evolution open up new horizons in exploring novel materials for innovative applications.
Axially Chiral Dibenzazepinones by a Palladium(0)‐Catalyzed Atropo‐enantioselective C−H Arylation
Authors: Newton Christopher G. , Braconi Elena , Kuziola Jennifer , Wodrich Matthew D. , Cramer Nicolai 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAtropo‐enantioselective C−H functionalization reactions are largely limited to the dynamic kinetic resolution of biaryl substrates through the introduction of steric bulk proximal to the axis of chirality. Reported herein is a highly atropo‐enantioselective palladium(0)‐catalyzed methodology that forges the axis of chirality during the C−H functionalization process, enabling the synthesis of axially chiral dibenzazepinones. Computational investigations support experimentally determined racemization barriers, while also indicating C−H functionalization proceeds by an enantio‐determining CMD to yield configurationally stable eight‐membered palladacycles.
Creating prognostic systems for cancer patients: A demonstration using breast cancer
Authors: Hueman Mathew T. , Wang Huan , Yang Charles Q. , Sheng Li , Henson Donald E. , Schwartz Arnold M. , Chen Dechang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntegrating additional prognostic factors into the tumor, lymph node, metastasis staging system improves the relative stratification of cancer patients and enhances the accuracy in planning their treatment options and predicting clinical outcomes. We describe a novel approach to build prognostic systems for cancer patients that can admit any number of prognostic factors. In the approach, an unsupervised learning algorithm was used to create dendrograms and the C‐index was used to cut dendrograms to generate prognostic groups. Breast cancer data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program of the National Cancer Institute were used for demonstration. Two relative prognostic systems were created for breast cancer. One system (7 prognostic groups with C‐index = 0.7295) was based on tumor size, regional lymph nodes, and no distant metastasis. The other system (7 prognostic groups with C‐index = 0.7458) was based on tumor size, regional lymph nodes, no distant metastasis, grade, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and age. The dendrograms showed a relationship between survival and prognostic factors. The proposed approach is able to create prognostic systems that have a good accuracy in survival prediction and provide a manageable number of prognostic groups. The prognostic systems have the potential to permit a thorough database analysis of all information relevant to decision‐making in patient management and prognosis.
Renal cell carcinoma risk associated with lower intake of micronutrients
Authors: Bock Cathryn H. , Ruterbusch Julie J. , Holowatyj Andreana N. , Steck Susan E. , Van Dyke Alison L. , Ho Won Jin , Cote Michele L. , Hofmann Jonathan N. , Davis Faith , Graubard Barry I. , Schwartz Kendra L. , Purdue Mark P. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractKidney cancer incidence in African Americans (AA) is higher than among European Americans (EA); reasons for this disparity are not fully known. Dietary micronutrients may have a protective effect on renal cell carcinoma (RCC) development by inhibiting oxidative DNA damage and tumor growth. We evaluated whether any micronutrient associations differed by race in the US Kidney Cancer Study. 1142 EA and AA RCC cases and 1154 frequency‐matched controls were enrolled in a population‐based case‐control study between 2002 and 2007. Dietary micronutrient intake was derived from an interviewer‐administered diet history questionnaire. RCC risk associated with micronutrient intake was estimated using adjusted odds ratios from logistic regression comparing lower to highest quartiles of intake and sample weighting. Inverse associations with RCC risk were observed for α‐carotene, β‐carotene, lutein zeaxanthin, lycopene, vitamin A, folate, thiamin, vitamin C, α‐tocopherol, β‐tocopherol, γ‐tocopherol, and selenium. A trend for β‐cryptoxanthin was suggested among EA but not AA or the total sample (P‐interaction = .04). Otherwise, findings did not differ by race, gender, age, or smoking status. The increase in RCC risk associated with lower micronutrient intake is similar within AA and EA populations. A diet rich in sources of micronutrients found in fruits, vegetables, and nuts may help to reduce the overall risk of RCC.
Enzymatic Fluorination of Biotin and Tetrazine Conjugates for Pretargeting Approaches to Positron Emission Tomography Imaging
Authors: Lowe Phillip T. , Dall'Angelo Sergio , Devine Andrew , Zanda Matteo , O'Hagan David 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe use of radiolabelled antibodies and antibody‐derived recombinant constructs has shown promise for both imaging and therapeutic use. In this context, the biotin–avidin/streptavidin pairing, along with the inverse‐electron‐demand Diels–Alder (iEDDA) reaction, have found application in pretargeting approaches for positron emission tomography (PET). This study reports the fluorinase‐mediated transhalogenation [5′‐chloro‐5′‐deoxyadenosine (ClDA) substrates to 5′‐fluoro‐5′‐deoxyadenosine (FDA) products] of two antibody pretargeting tools, a FDA‐PEG‐tetrazine and a [18F]FDA‐PEG‐biotin, and each is assessed either for its compatibility towards iEDDA ligation totrans‐cyclooctene or for its affinity to avidin. A protocol to avoid radiolytically promoted oxidation of biotin during the synthesis of [18F]FDA‐PEG‐biotin was developed. The study adds to the repertoire of conjugates for use in fluorinase‐catalysed radiosynthesis for PET and shows that the fluorinase will accept a wide range of ClDA substrates tethered at C‐2 of the adenine ring with a PEGylated cargo. The method is exceptional because the nucleophilic reaction with [18F]fluoride takes place in water at neutral pH and at ambient temperature.
Skeletal involvement of hairy cell leukemia
Authors: Durot Eric , Quinquenel Anne , Kleiber Jean‐Charles , Patey Martine , Bazin Arnaud , Delmer Alain 
Published: July 2018

Key Clinical MessageHairy cell leukemia (HCL) is a rare B‐cell lymphoproliferative disorder. Skeletal involvement is an unusual manifestation of HCL, complicating the course of the disease in approximately 3% of patients. We describe a case of skull involvement by HCL, a localization rarely reported in the literature.
A case of lateral medullary infarction with severe dysphagia and worsening of respiratory failure in the chronic phase of recovery
Authors: Mon Yusuke , Tamaki Chisato 
Published: July 2018

Key Clinical MessagePatients with lateral medullary infarction (LMI) sometimes present with respiratory failure in the acute or subacute phase. We experienced a LMI patient with progression of respiratory failure that required bilevel positive airway pressure in the chronic phase. LMI patients must be carefully observed even in the chronic phase of recovery.
Uncommon things to note about a common cause of nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Esprit Don H. , Amin Md. Shahrier , Koratala Abhilash 
Published: July 2018

Key Clinical MessagePrimary membranous nephropathy is typically a disease of middle‐aged white men but should be included in the differential diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome in patients of any age and race. Serological anti‐PLA2R testing must be interpreted in the appropriate clinical context and histological PLA2R staining is recommended in seronegative patients.
Pt–M Complexes (M=Ag, Au) as Models for Intermediates in Transmetalation Processes
Authors: Baya Miguel , Belío Úrsula , Campillo David , Fernández Israel , Fuertes Sara , Martín Antonio 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHeteropolynuclear complexes [(CNC)(PPh3)PtM(PPh3)]ClO4 [M=Au (1), Ag (2)] and [{Pt(CNC)(PPh3)}2M]ClO4 [M=Ag (3), Au (4); CNC=2,6‐diphenylpyridinate] were prepared and studied by X‐ray crystallography, spectroscopic techniques, and DFT calculations. The X‐ray crystal structures of 1, 3, and 4 confirmed the existence of Pt−M bonds and M⋅⋅⋅Cipso interactions involving one of the phenyl fragments of CNC. Their NMR spectra showed the persistence of the Pt−M interactions in solution and also revealed an intramolecular metronome‐like dynamic process consisting of back‐and‐forth motion of the acidic M fragments along the C‐Pt‐C axis. DFT calculations on these complexes identified two main orbital interactions between the [PtCNC] and [M]+ fragments, namely, donation from the former to a vacant orbital of the latter and much weaker backdonation from the acidic M to the Pt fragment. Overall, the strength of the [Pt]⋅⋅⋅M interactions is higher for the gold compounds than for their silver counterparts. The interaction between the acidic center (silver or gold) and the carbon atom of one of the phenylene rings in these heteropolymetallic complexes can be envisaged as the first step in a process of interchange of aryl ligands. However, the ligand exchange cannot progress further due to the polydentate nature of the CNC ligand, and therefore these structures can be considered as frozen snapshots of a transmetalation reaction that has been arrested at different stages of the process.
A Nanosized Phenylene‐Ethynylene‐Butadiynylene [2]Catenane
Authors: Schweez Christopher , Höger Sigurd 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn a convergent, template‐directed synthesis, an efficient route to a phenylene‐ethynylene‐butadiynylene based [2]catenane is described. The key step is performed by the aminolysis of the corresponding precatenane, which is obtained by a sequence of metal‐catalyzed cross‐coupling and desilylation reactions. The cyclization reaction leads besides the [2]precatenane to a variety of larger precatenanes and offers an attractive approach to mechanically interlocked structures of different size.
Synergistic Enhancement in Antibacterial Activity of Core/Shell/Shell SiO2/ZnO/Ag3PO4 Nanoparticles
Authors: Zheng Pei , Zhang Bingyang , Jin Bo , Guan Weisheng , Bai Bo , Dai Sheng 
Published: July 2018

AbstractNovel core/shell/shell SiO2/ZnO/Ag3PO4 nanoparticles (SZA‐NPs) were prepared through a facile reflux method involving sequential deposition of ZnO and Ag3PO4 to SiO2 spheres. The obtained SZA‐NPs were systematically characterized and used as the dual‐functional antibacterial agents for disinfection. Under visible‐light irradiation, the SZA‐NPs exhibit enhanced antibacterial activity for of Escherichia coli DH5α (E. coli) compared to that of Ag3PO4 or SiO2/ZnO in liquid phase and on agar plates. Quantitative analysis of Ag+ release from SZA‐NPs confirms the minor contribution of released silver ions to the antibacterial efficiency. On the other hand, chemical scavengers and photoluminescence studies suggest that radical oxygen species (ROS) also make major contribution to E. coli cell death. The enhanced antibacterial activity of the SZA‐NPs under visible‐light irradiation can be attributed to the synergistic effect of released silver ions and ROS generated from the excellent band matching between Ag3PO4 and ZnO. This work paves a new way for future design of highly efficient visible‐light induced antibacterial agents.
Theoretical Estimation of Optimal Parameters for Maximum Fluorescence under Pulsed Excitation
Authors: Kayanattil Meghanad , De Arijit K. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe present a detailed theoretical study on choosing optimum excitation parameters for maximizing the fluorescence yield. Using a model system, we show how the time‐averaged emission (fluorescence) is modulated as the excitation conditions are changed from continuous wave excitation to pulsed excitation with various combinations of pulse widths and pulse repetition‐rates for the same time‐averaged excitation intensity. We conclude that depending on the excitation intensity, different pulse parameters are required for generating maximum fluorescence output. Our method can be implemented for other more sophisticated models without much difficulty.
Effects of Ag Incorporation on the Band Structures and Conductivity Types of (Cu1‐xAgx)2ZnSnS4 Solid Solutions
Authors: Liang Xizhuang , Wang Peng , Huang Baibiao , Zhang Qianqian , Wang Zeyan , Liu Yuanyuan , Zheng Zhaoke , Qin Xiaoyan , Zhang Xiaoyang , Dai Ying 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this paper, (Cu1‐xAgx)2ZnSnS4 (CAZTS) solid solutions were prepared through a facile hydrothermal and post‐calcination treatment method. The gradual shift of the X‐ray diffraction pattern (XRD) reveals that the CAZTS samples are solid solutions without impurities. UV‐Vis‐NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) indicates the band gaps of the solid solutions can be tuned continuously by controlling the Ag/(Ag+Cu) molar ratios (x). The H2 evolution rate increases with the substitution amount of Ag. When the Ag doping amount exceeds 0.6 in CAZTS solid solutions, the conductivity of the semiconductor changes from p type to n type, as proven by photocurrent density‐applied potential curves and Motte‐Schottky plots. Our results prove that Ag incorporation plays a key role in the band structures and conductivity types of (Cu1–xAgx)2ZnSnS4 solid solutions.
Photooxidation of Fulvenes in a Continuous Flow Photoreactor using Carbon Dioxide as a Solvent
Authors: Wu Lingqiao , Lee Darren S. , Boufroura Hamza , Poliakoff Martyn , George Michael W. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by the George–Poliakoff Group at the University of Nottingham (UK). The image shows the high‐pressure sapphire tube photoreactor under irradiation with one LED block removed. To highlight the continuous flow nature of the reactor, the starting fulvenes and oxygen are shown entering the top of the reactor and at the bottom the lactone products are released. Read the full text of the Article at10.1002/cptc.201800033.
Crystal‐Face Tailored Graphitic Carbon Nitride Films for High‐Performance Photoelectrochemical Cells
Authors: Xiong Wei , Chen Shunwei , Huang Miaoyan , Wang Zhenyu , Lu Zhouguang , Zhang Rui‐Qin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractGraphitic carbon nitride (g‐CN) has been widely studied as a promising candidate for water splitting, owing to its metal‐free nature, moderate band gap, and low cost. However, its photocurrent density is still very low for photoelectrochemical cell applications. In this work, a crystal face tailored g‐CN photoelectrode has been fabricated by a facile thermal vapor deposition method. We use the melamine formaldehyde resin as a new precursor and have successfully fabricated g‐CN films. The intensity ratio between two typical peaks (100) and (001) of g‐CN is very different from that in the existing literature. The water splitting photocurrent density is as high as 228.2 μA cm−2, which is 126.8 times higher than pure g‐CN (1.8 μA cm−2) at 1.23 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrodes under one sun illumination without sacrificial reagents and co‐catalysts. The electrode shows the best performance, compared with the previously reported g‐CN photoelectrodes.
Disentangling the influence of livestock vs. farm density on livestock disease epidemics
Authors: Meadows Amanda J. , Mundt Christopher C. , Keeling Matt J. , Tildesley Michael J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSusceptible host density is a key factor that influences the success of invading pathogens. However, for diseases affecting livestock, there are two aspects of host density: livestock and farm density, which are seldom considered independently. Traditional approaches of simulating disease outbreaks on real‐world farm data make dissecting the relative importance of farm and livestock density difficult owing to their inherent correlation in many farming regions. We took steps to disentangle these densities and study their relative influences on epidemic size by simulating foot‐and‐mouth disease outbreaks on factorial combinations of cattle and farm populations in artificial county areas, resulting in 50 unique cattle/farm density combinations. In these simulations, increasing cattle density always resulted in larger epidemics, regardless of farm density. Alternatively, increasing farm density only led to larger epidemics in scenarios of high cattle density. We compared these results with simulations performed on real‐world farm data from the United States, where we initiated outbreaks in U.S. counties that varied in county‐level cattle density and farm density. We found a similar, but weaker relationship between cattle density and epidemic size in the U.S. simulations. We tested the sensitivity of these outcomes to variation in pathogen dispersal and farm‐level susceptibility model parameters and found that although variation in these parameters quantitatively influenced the size of the epidemic, they did not qualitatively change the relative influence of cattle vs. farm density in factorial simulations. By reducing the correlation between farm and livestock density in factorial simulations, we were able to clearly demonstrate the increase in epidemic size that occurred as farm sizes grew larger (i.e., through increasing county‐level cattle populations), across levels of farm density. These results suggest livestock production trends in many industrialized countries that concentrate livestock on fewer, but larger farms have the potential to facilitate larger livestock epidemics.