bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of magnesium on cognition after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage in a randomized trial
Authors: Huenges Wajer I. M. C. , Dorhout Mees S. M. , van den Bergh W. M. , Algra A. , Visser‐Meily J. M. A. , Rinkel G. J. E. , van Zandvoort M. J. E. 
Published: July 2018

Background and purposeIn randomized trials magnesium supplementation did not improve clinical outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH) on handicap scales. After aSAH, many patients have cognitive problems that may not translate into handicap. The effect of magnesium on cognitive outcome after aSAH was studied.MethodsIn total, 209 patients who had been included in the Magnesium for Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage (MASH‐2) trial in the University Medical Centre of Utrecht were studied. Patients had been randomized to 64 mmol magnesium sulfate daily or placebo during hospitalization. Three months after aSAH patients underwent a neuropsychological examination (NPE) consisting of six neuropsychological tests or a brief cognitive assessment. Poisson and linear regression analyses were used to analyse the effect of magnesium on cognition.ResultsIn the magnesium group 53 (49.5%) of the 107 patients and in the placebo group 51 (50.0%) of the 102 patients scored lower than the median cognitive score [relative risk 0.99, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.76–1.30]. Linear regression analyses showed no significant relationship between intervention and cognition (B = 0.05, 95% CI −0.15 to 0.33).ConclusionsTreatment with magnesium has no effect on cognitive outcome after aSAH.
Perampanel in routine clinical use across Europe: Pooled, multicenter, observational data
Authors: Rohracher Alexandra , Zimmermann Georg , Villanueva Vicente , Garamendi Iñigo , Sander Josemir W. , Wehner Tim , Shankar Rohit , Ben‐Menachem Elinor , Brodie Martin J. , Pensel Max C. , Di Gennaro Giancarlo , Maurousset Aude , Strzelczyk Adam , Rheims Sylvain , Rácz Attila , Menzler Katja , Bertol‐Alegre Vicente , García‐Morales Irene , López‐González Francisco Javier , Toledo Manuel , Carpenter Katherine J. , Trinka Eugen 
Published: July 2018

SummaryObjectiveTo pool observational data on the routine use of perampanel to obtain information on real‐world outcomes and data in populations typically underrepresented in clinical trials.MethodsIndividual‐level data of people with epilepsy treated with perampanel at 45 European centers were merged into a single dataset. Prespecified outcomes were: 1‐year retention rate, 1‐year seizure freedom rate (duration ≥6 months), and incidence of treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs). In addition, relationships were explored with logistic regression analyses.ResultsThe full analysis set comprised 2396 people: 95% had focal seizures; median epilepsy duration was 27 years; median number of concomitant antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) was 2; and median prior AEDs was 6. One‐year retention rate was 48% (1117/2332; 95% confidence interval [CI] 46‐50%), and 1‐year seizure‐free rate (≥6‐month duration) was 9.2% (74/803; 95% CI 7‐11%). Median treatment duration was 11.3 months (1832 patient‐years); median dose was 8 mg. In 388 individuals with available data at 3, 6, and 12 months, responder rates were 42%, 46%, and 39%, respectively. During the first year, TEAEs were reported in 68% of participants (1317/1497; 95% CI 66‐70%). Logistic regression found higher age at perampanel initiation was associated with higher seizure‐free rate, and higher number of prior AEDs with lower seizure‐free rate and lower rates of somatic TEAEs. In 135 individuals aged ≥65 years, 1‐year retention rate was 48% and seizure‐free rate was 28%.SignificanceAcross a large, treatment‐resistant population, add‐on perampanel was retained for ≥1 year by 48% of individuals, and 9% were seizure‐free for ≥6 months. TEAEs were in line with previous reports in routine clinical use, and less frequent than in the clinical trial setting. No new or unexpected TEAEs were seen. Despite the limitations of observational studies, our data indicate that some individuals may derive a marked benefit from the use of perampanel.
Does MAX matter for mutual funds?
Authors: Goldie Bradley A. , Henry Tyler R. , Kassa Haimanot 
Published: July 2018

AbstractExtreme returns (MAX) have been shown to impact future expected stock returns. We examine whether this relationship is present in mutual fund returns. We find that high MAX funds, as measured by past extreme daily returns, underperform both in portfolio sorts and cross‐sectional tests. We further test possible explanations for why MAX funds underperform. First, we measure mutual fund flows to determine investor response to MAX. Second, we examine the underlying holdings of MAX funds to measure their concentration in MAX stocks. We find evidence that both fund flows and holdings contribute to the MAX effect on mutual fund returns.
Is finance a veil? Lead‐and‐lag relationship between financial and business cycles: The case of China
Authors: Shen Chung‐Hua , Shi Jun‐Guo , Wu Meng‐Wen 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis study examines the lead‐and‐lag relationship between financial cycles (FCs) and business cycles (BCs) by using Chinese provincial data. We construct FCs of the financial sector on the basis of three financial variables: credit‐to‐GDP (gross domestic product) ratios, house prices, and equity prices. We use the panel dynamic logit model to investigate the lead‐and‐lag effect between two sectors. Results show that each province has its own unique FCs and BCs. Hence, financial policies should be different in dissimilar provinces. Next, we find that FCs lead BCs and not vice versa. Furthermore, the leading effect is stronger in rich provinces than in poor areas.
Fatigue properties of multifunctional metal‐ and carbon‐fibre‐reinforced polymers and intrinsic capabilities for damage monitoring
Authors: Backe S. , Balle F. , Hannemann B. , Schmeer S. , Breuer U.P. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCarbon‐fibre‐reinforced polymers (CFRP) structures offer enhanced lightweight potential in comparison with monolithic metallic concepts. Brittle failure behaviour and the insufficient level of electrical conductivity limit the lightweight potential of composites. One promising new approach to solve these issues is the additional integration of metal fibres. Structural components are subjected to cyclic loads during their lifetime. Therefore, the present study focuses on the influence of additional steel fibre reinforcement on the fatigue behaviour of CFRP laminates. Magnetic properties are determined because of the deformation‐induced phase transformation of the chosen austenitic steel fibres, which are also applied as intrinsic damage sensors. Interrupted fatigue tests are carried out accompanied by scanning electron microscopy to obtain differences in failure mechanisms. Beside a detailed overview of the steel fibre influence on the fatigue properties of conventional CFRP structures, the functional evidence of a new method for nondestructive testing by a magnet inductive measuring device is shown.
Predicting lipstick sensory properties with laboratory tests
Authors: Rafferty D. W. , Dupin L. , Zellia J. , Giovannitti‐Jensen A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveSensory perceptions and performance are important to the success of a lipstick formulation, but in vivo evaluation can be expensive and time‐consuming. The goal of this work was to develop and use laboratory test methods to predict the sensory and performance properties of lipstick.MethodsTwelve model lipstick formulations were prepared, in which only the emollient varied, resulting in a variety of sensory and performance properties. The lipsticks were tested for sensory perceptions of spreadability, stickiness, opacity and gloss with a nine‐person panel. The performance properties were evaluated with a friction test using a CETR UMT‐2 tribometer, an application test using an analytical balance, a tack test using a Texture Analyser TA.XT‐Plus and a colour development/retention test using photography and image analysis. The results of the laboratory tests were compared with the results of the sensory panel using statistical modelling.ResultsThe results of the laboratory tests correlated well with the measured sensory properties. The results of the friction test classified the lipsticks into four groups, which were termed oily, creamy, waxy and sticky; these classifications were also evident in the other laboratory test data. Surprisingly, it was found that the friction test could be used alone to predict all the measured sensory properties with statistical models. The correlation between the coefficient of friction and the measured sensory properties is explained by the balance of adhesive and cohesive properties of the lipstick. These properties are influenced by the emollient and affect the application properties and resulting film.ConclusionThe emollient has a significant effect on the sensory and performance properties of a lipstick, which can be predicted with the developed laboratory tests. Furthermore, the friction test can be used to sufficiently predict four important lipstick sensory attributes: spreadability, stickiness, opacity and gloss. Using the methods presented here, lipstick formulations may be more rapidly developed and optimized.
Dry brushing: Does it improve plaque removal? A secondary analysis
Authors: van der Sluijs E , Slot DE , Hennequin‐Hoenderdos NL , van der Weijden GA 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveThis article is a secondary analysis comparing the effects on plaque removal of brushing with a dry toothbrush and brushing with a prewetted toothbrush.MethodsThe participants had been included in two previous experiments involving single‐brushing exercises. The 46 non‐dental participants were systemically healthy and ≥18 years of age. In the first experiment, the control intervention was brushing with a prewetted toothbrush, while during the second experiment it was brushing with a dry toothbrush. Both experiments scored plaque before and after the brushing exercises and assessed participants’ perception. The data of these two previous experiments were compared in this secondary analysis.ResultsPlaque score reduction following brushing with a dry toothbrush was 58%, while with a prewetted toothbrush, it was 57%. The mean plaque index score reduction of 0.08 between a dry and a prewetted toothbrush was not significant (P = .096). Prewetting the participants’ toothbrush had no influence on the perception of toothbrush filament stiffness (P = .410) nor on the perception of cleaning capability (P = .449). In both experiments, brushing without dentifrice was judged to be unpleasant.ConclusionOn average, following a 2‐minute brushing exercise, plaque scored were reduced by 57% or more. Dry brushing did not contribute significantly to toothbrush efficacy. The participants did not find that prewetting a toothbrush influenced the cleaning capability and filament stiffness.
Improving the culture of safety on a high‐acuity inpatient child/adolescent psychiatric unit by mindfulness‐based stress reduction training of staff
Authors: Hallman Ilze S. , O'Connor Nancy , Hasenau Susan , Brady Stephanie 
Published: July 2018

AbstractProblemThe purpose of this study was to reduce perceived levels of interprofessional staff stress and to improve patient and staff safety by implementing a brief mindfulness‐based stress reduction (MBSR) training program on a highacuity psychiatric inpatient unit.MethodsA one‐group repeated measure design was utilized to measure the impact of the (MBSR) training program on staff stress and safety immediately posttraining and at 2 months. Two instruments were utilized in the study: the Toronto Mindfulness Scale and the Perceived Stress Scale.FindingsThe MBSR program reduced staff stress across the 2‐month post‐training period and increased staff mindfulness immediately following the brief training period of 8 days, and across the 2‐month post‐training period. A trend toward positive impact on patient and staff safety was also seen in a decreased number of staff call‐ins, decreased need for 1:1 staffing episodes, and decreased restraint use 2 months following the training period.ConclusionsA brief MBSR training program offered to an interprofessional staff of a high‐acuity inpatient adolescent psychiatric unit was effective in decreasing their stress, increasing their mindfulness, and improving staff and patient safety.
Assessing the educational needs of mental health nurses working in an adolescent inpatient psychiatric ward in Japan
Authors: Inoue Masue , Fabbro Letitia Del , Mitchell Marion 
Published: July 2018

AbstractProblemIn Japan, preregistration education is not sufficient to prepare nurses to work as child adolescentmental health nurses.MethodsNominal group technique (NGT) using focus group discussions, and Knowles’ Adult Learning Theory, were used to examine the continuing educational needs of nurses in a Japanese adolescentmental health unit.FindingsNurses caring for adolescent patients with mental health issues need continuing education. This research demonstrates the utility of nominal group technique in needs analysis in this context.ConclusionsEducational priorities include instruction on patients’ developmental stage, promoting patient self‐sufficiency, and strategies for meeting the needs of families.A family‐centered care approach is recommended.
Interstitial cell network volume is reduced in the terminal bowel of ageing mice
Authors: Gamage Prasanna P. K. M. , Patel Bhavik A. , Yeoman Mark S. , Ranson Rachel N. , Saffrey M. Jill 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAgeing is associated with impaired neuromuscular function of the terminal gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which can result in chronic constipation, faecal impaction and incontinence. Interstitial cells of cajal (ICC) play an important role in regulation of intestinal smooth muscle contraction. However, changes in ICC volume with age in the terminal GI tract (the anal canal including the anal sphincter region and rectum) have not been studied. Here, the distribution, morphology and network volume of ICC in the terminal GI tract of 3‐ to 4‐month‐old and 26‐ to 28‐month‐old C57BL/6 mice were investigated. ICC were identified by immunofluorescence labelling of wholemount preparations with an antibody against c‐Kit. ICC network volume was measured by software‐based 3D volume rendering of confocal Z stacks. A significant reduction in ICC network volume per unit volume of muscle was measured in aged animals. No age‐associated change in ICC morphology was detected. The thickness of the circular muscle layer of the anal sphincter region and rectum increased with age, while that in the distal colon decreased. These results suggest that ageing is associated with a reduction in the network volume of ICC in the terminal GI tract, which may influence the normal function of these regions.
Overcoming mental disorder stigma: A short analysis of patient memoirs
Authors: Tekin Şerife , Outram Simon Michael 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThere is controversy concerning the relationship between stigma and the conceptualization of mental illness as a biomedical disease. Proponents of the biomedical model argue that conceptualizing mental illness as a biochemical disease benefits patients, because it not only enables them to receive medical treatments but also helps them avoid the stigmas associated with mental illness. Opposing this position, others suggest that biomedical causal trajectory further contributes to stigma. When considering individuals' sense of well‐being while living with a mental illness, we believe that this debate detracts us from the most important aspects of removing stigma and enabling patients to develop fulfilling lives. Thus, using patient memoirs, we refocus attention on the patient experience itself, searching for how patients' memoirs can illustrate roads to recovery, resilience, and coping. We examine first what facilitates patients to live a fulfilling life and next, what obstacles they identify to a fulfilling life in the face of their encounter with mental illness.
A C3HC4‐type RING finger protein regulates rhizobial infection and nodule organogenesis in Lotus japonicus
Authors: Cai Kai , Yin Jun , Chao Hongmin , Ren Yaping , Jin Liping , Cao Yangrong , Duanmu Deqiang , Zhang Zhongming 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDuring the establishment of rhizobia‐legume symbiosis, the cytokinin receptor LHK1 (Lotus Histidine Kinase 1) is essential for nodule formation. However, the mechanism by which cytokinin signaling regulates symbiosis remains largely unknown. In this study, an LHK1‐interacting protein, LjCZF1, was identified and further characterized. LjCZF1 is a C3HC4‐type RING finger protein that is highly conserved in plants. LjCZF1 specifically interacted with LHK1 in yeast two‐hybrid, in vitro pull‐down and co‐immunoprecipitation assays conducted in tobacco. Phosphomimetic mutation of the potential threonine (T167D) phosphorylation site enhanced the interaction between LjCZF1 and LHK1, whereas phosphorylation mutation (T167A) eliminated this interaction. Transcript abundance of LjCZF1 was up‐regulated significantly after inoculation with rhizobia. The LORE1 insertion mutant and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated protein 9‐mediated knockout mutant Lotus japonicus plants demonstrated significantly reduced number of infection threads and nodules. In contrast, plants over‐expressing LjCZF1 exhibited increased numbers of infection threads and nodules. Collectively, these data support the notion that LjCZF1 is a positive regulator of symbiotic nodulation, possibly through interaction with LHK1.
A red pumpkin seed extract reduces melanosome transfer to keratinocytes by activation of Nrf2 signaling
Authors: Endo Karin , Mizutani Taeko , Okano Yuri , Masaki Hitoshi 
Published: July 2018

SummaryBackgroundThe induction of skin pigmentation by ultraviolet (UV) radiation has been shown to result from factors secreted from UV‐exposed keratinocytes that enhance melanogenesis in melanosomes (MSs) and stimulates their transfer to keratinocytes. Among those factors, it has been reported that α‐melanocyte stimulating hormone, which is converted from the precursor proopiomelanocortin (POMC) following UV exposure, stimulates the transfer of MSs from melanocytes to surrounding keratinocytes.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a red pumpkin seed (RPS) extract on the transfer of MSs to keratinocytes and to clarify the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on the UVB‐induced transfer of MSs.MethodsThe transfer of MSs into keratinocytes was examined by measuring the incorporation of fluorescent beads, which were used as pseudo‐MSs. mRNA expression levels of POMC, Nrf2, and Nrf2‐related genes were determined using real‐time PCR. Intracellular ROS levels were estimated with H2DCFDA.ResultsThe incorporation of fluorescent beads into keratinocytes was enhanced by treatment with the conditioned medium (CM) from keratinocytes exposed to UVB or H2O2. UVB or H2O2 exposed keratinocytes had an up‐regulated mRNA expression level of POMC. Treatment of keratinocytes with the RPS extract enhanced their intracellular antioxidant system via the activation of Nrf2 signaling and suppressed their incorporation of fluorescent beads that had been stimulated by the CM from UVB or H2O2 exposed keratinocytes.ConclusionThese results indicate that the RPS extract suppresses MS transfer stimulated by ROS generated following UVB exposure through the activation of Nrf2 signaling.
Family Histories and Teen Pregnancy in the United States and Canada
Authors: Smith Chelsea , Strohschein Lisa , Crosnoe Robert 
Published: July 2018

Objective: This study took a long view of childhood experiences that can contribute to the risk of teen pregnancy in the United States and Canada, two countries with different norms and policies surrounding family life and inequality.Background: Teenage pregnancy is a major life experience arising from life course trajectories unfolding during a young woman's childhood. Cross‐national comparisons can elucidate family‐based pathways while embedding youth within broader national contexts of the United States and Canada, which are similar in some respects yet different in others.Method: Longitudinal data from the U.S. National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 Young Adult Survey (n = 3,122) and the Canadian National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (n = 2,517) connected childhood histories to teenage pregnancy. Competing risk models estimated the risk of teenage pregnancy with family structure changes and episodes in poverty during childhood.Results: Teenage pregnancy, family change, and poverty were more common in the United States. In the United States, only multiple experiences of instability and poverty were associated with greater risk of teenage pregnancy, but, in Canada, any experience of childhood disadvantage was associated with elevated risk.Conclusion: The risk of teen pregnancy was higher among both U.S. and Canadian adolescents from more unstable and economically insecure families and that link between cumulative experiences of childhood disadvantage and adolescent pregnancy was stronger in Canada.Implications: Policies and interventions to reduce teen pregnancy must address childhood socioeconomic disadvantage.
A review of the global distribution of Alexandrium minutum (Dinophyceae) and comments on ecology and associated paralytic shellfish toxin profiles, with a focus on Northern Europe
Authors: Lewis Adam Michael , Coates Lewis Nicholas , Turner Andrew D. , Percy Linda , Lewis Jane 
Published: July 2018

Alexandrium minutum is a globally distributed harmful algal bloom species with many strains that are known to produce paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) and consequently represent a concern to human and ecosystem health. This review highlights that A. minutum typically occurs in sheltered locations, with cell growth occurring during periods of stable water conditions. Sediment characteristics are important in the persistence of this species within a location, with fine sediments providing cyst deposits for ongoing inoculation to the water column. Toxic strains of A. minutum do not produce a consistent toxin profile, different populations produce a range of PSTs in differing quantities. Novel cluster analysis of published A. minutum toxin profiles indicates five PST profile clusters globally. Some clusters are grouped geographically (Northern Europe) while others are widely spread. Isolates from Taiwan have a range of toxin profile clusters and this area appears to have the most diverse set of PST producing A. minutum populations. These toxin profiles indicate that within the United Kingdom there are two populations of A. minutum grouping with strains from Northern France and Southern Ireland. There is a degree of interconnectivity in this region due to oceanic circulation and a high level of shipping and recreational boating. Further research into the interrelationships between the A. minutum populations in this global region would be of value.