bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Power for Multiple Comparison Procedures
Authors: Rodger Robert S. , Roberts Mark 
Published: February 2018

The number of methods for evaluating, and possibly making statistical decisions about, null contrasts - or their small sub-set, multiple comparisons - has grown extensively since the early 1950s. That demonstrates how important the subject is, but most of the growth consists of modest variations of the early methods. This paper examines nine fairly basic procedures, six of which are methods designed to evaluate contrasts chosen post hoc, i.e., after an examination of the test data. Three of these use experimentwise or familywise type 1 error rates (Scheffé 1953, Tukey 1953, Newman-Keuls, 1939 and 1952), two use decision-based type 1 error rates (Duncan 1951 and Rodger 1975a) and one (Fisher's LSD 1935) uses a mixture of the two type 1 error rate definitions. The other three methods examined are for evaluating, and possibly deciding about, a limited number of null contrasts that have been chosen independently of the sample data - preferably before the data are collected. One of these (planned t-tests) uses decision-based type 1 error rates and the other two (one based on Bonferroni's Inequality 1936, and the other Dunnett's 1964 Many-One procedure) use a familywise type 1 error rate. The use of these different type 1 error rate definitionsA creates quite large discrepancies in the capacities of the methods to detect true non-zero effects in the contrasts being evaluated. This article describes those discrepancies in power and, especially, how they are exacerbated by increases in the size of an investigation (i.e., an increase in J, the number of samples being examined). It is also true that the capacity of a multiple contrast procedure to 'unpick' 'true' differences from the sample data is influenced by the type of contrast the procedure permits. For example, multiple range procedures (such as that of Newman-Keuls and that of Duncan) permit only comparisons (i.e., two-group differences) and that greatly limits their discriminating capacity (which is not, technically speaking, their power). Many methods (those of Scheffé, Tukey's HSD, Newman-Keuls, Fisher's LSD, Bonferroni and Dunnett) place their emphasis on one particular question, "Are there any differences at all among the groups?" Some other procedures concentrate on individual contrasts (i.e., those of Duncan, Rodger and Planned Contrasts); so are more concerned with how many false null contrasts the method can detect. This results in two basically different definitions of detection capacity. Finally, there is a categorical difference between what post hoc methods and those evaluating pre-planned contrasts can find. The success of the latter depends on how wisely (or honestly well informed) the user has been in planning the limited number of statistically revealing contrasts to test. That can greatly affect the method's discriminating success, but it is often not included in power evaluations. These matters are elaborated upon as they arise in the exposition below. DOI:10.2458/azu_jmmss_v4i1_rodger
SENSASI COLOR SPLASH DALAM KARYA FOTOGRAFI EKSPRESI
Authors: Syafriyandi Syafriyandi 
Published: February 2018

Fotografi ekspresi merupakan ungkapan jiwa yang mengutamakan ekspresi jati diri pribadi seseorang yang akan diekspresikan dalam karya seni murni. Ide penciptaan karya fotografi ini berawal dari problematika yang sering dijumpai dalam karya fotografi yang tidak mampu memberikan kesan ataupun sensasi yang merespon emosional kepada khalayak ramai. Dari sebab itu timbul kegelisahan penulis untuk menciptakan karya fotografi dengan subjek color splash dengan action figure, dengan adanya warna yang diolah kreatif menjadi color splash yaitu sebuah cipratan warna yang membentuk kedinamisan pola yang tidak terduga yang mampu memunculkan sebuah sensasi yang mengunsung suatu nilai yang pada ujungnya mampu memberikan impresi di dalam perasaan yang merespon emosional ataupun daya ganggu yang dapat diintepretasikan oleh khalayak ramai sesuai dengan pengalaman-pengalaman pribadi. Metode dalam penciptaan ini diawali dengan penggalian ide dan konsep yang dilanjutkan dengan setudi referensi dan eksplorasi yang kemudian diakhiri dengan keputusan eksekusi. Dari penciptaan karya ini sesuatu hal yang didapat yaitu pengaruh warna di setiap karya, dengan menghadirkan warna yang diolah kreatif menjadi suatu bentuk yang artistik didalam sebuah karya, dapat mengatasi sebuah karya agar tidak lagi menjadi suatu karya foto yang berhenti menjadi gambar indah saja. Tetapi dengan adanya warna didalam sebuah karya foto akan memberikan sensasi yang dapat merespon emosional penikmat karya. Photographic expression is an expression of the soul that promotes expression of one's personal identity to be expressed in a fine art. The idea of the creation of this photography project started from the problems that are often encountered in photographic work can not afford to give the impression or sensation that responds emotionally to the general public. From hence arises the anxiety authors to create works of photography with the subject color splash with action figures, with their color-treated creatively into color splash is a splash of color that make up the dynamic of a pattern that is not unexpected that is able to bring a sensation mengunsung a value which in the end able to give the impression in the sense that respond to emotional or interrupt power to Interpret the general public in accordance with personal experiences. The method in this creation begins with extracting ideas and concepts followed by the reference of the studies and exploration that later ended with the execution of the decision. From the creation of this work were obtained something that is the influence of color on each work, by presenting creative color processed into a form that is artistic in a work, can cope with a work so it will not be a work of photo stop being a wonderful image only. but with the absence of color in a photo work will give the sensation that can respond to an emotional audience of work.
FOTOGRAFI, PARIWISATA, DAN MEDIA AKTUALISASI DIRI
Authors: Antopani Tendi 
Published: February 2018

Manusia pada dasarnya adalah makhluk sosial yang tidak lepas dari orang yang ada di sekitarnya. Hal tersebut mempengaruhi gaya hidup seseorang. Gaya hidup berkaitan erat dengan perkembangan masyarakat, yang didalamnya terkandung nilai-nilai seperti strata sosial, pencitraan, dan aktualisasi diri yang semua itu demi pencarian identitas baru. Seperti halnya melakukan perjalanan wisata pada saat ini merupakan kebutuhan bagi sebagian orang. Perjalanan wisata tidak hanya untuk memenuhi kebutuhan kepuasan semata, tetapi menjadi sebuah keharusan dan menjadi penting karena aktivitas tersebut melibatkan banyak hal yang ingin dicapai untuk menunjukkan eksistensi diri. Dorongan seseorang untuk menunjukkan eksistensi diri yang tidak terlepas dari berkembangnya teknologi dan informasi saat ini. Sejak ditemukan teknologi fotografi, aktivitas pariwisata terkait erat dengan dokumentasi sebagai suatu sarana untuk mengenang peristiwa wisata. Photography, Tourism, and Self-Actualitation Media. Humans are essentially social beings that cannot be separated from those that exist in their neighborhood. It affects a person's lifestyle. Lifestyle is bounded closely with the development of society, that it contains values such as social strata, imaging, and self-actualization are all for the sake of search of new identities. Traveling at this time is a necessity for some people. Sightseeing trips not only for the needs of satisfaction, but it becomes a necessity and is important because these activities involve a lot of things to be achieved to demonstrate the existence of self. Urge someone to show the existence of self that is inseparable from the development of technology and information today. Since the discovery of technology of photography, tourism activity is closely related to documentation as a tool for remembering traveling events.
PRODUKSI KULTURAL FILM INDIE KE-“TIONGHOA”-AN DI INDONESIA*
Authors: Rokhani Umilia 
Published: February 2018

Produksi kultural film indie ke-“tionghoa”-an berada pada struktur ruang yang membangunrelasi antarposisi dengan produksi karya lainnya. Keberadaan masyarakat Tionghoa yangsenantiasa dipermasalahkan menyebabkan agen-agen sosial berupaya membuka ruangkemungkinan melalui produksi karya. Metode yang dipergunakan adalah konstruktivismesosial yang melibatkan agen melalui production activity sehingga agen akan terlibat dalamdunianya sendiri. Dalam hal ini, upaya yang dilakukan dalam struktur ruang tersebut adalahberusaha mencapai legitimasi dalam suatu struktur kuasa. Hal tersebutdiupayakan oleh agenpemroduksi film indie ke-“tionghoa”-an yang kapital modalnya lebih rendah bila dibandingkandengan produksi film komersial atau layar lebar. Strategi yang dipergunakan untuk memperolehlegitimasi film indie ke-“tionghoa-“an adalah dengan mengikuti festival film di luar negerisebagai tataran legitimasi yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan legitimasi yang terbangundi Indonesia melalui habitus. Dengan menempatkan Indonesia sebagai bagian dari masyarakatdunia, dominasi struktur kuasa akan mengecil. Melalui karya film indie tersebut dibanguneksistensi dan prestise melalui ekspresi karya sebagai suatu kesempatan untuk mendapatkanpengakuan dan kepercayaan masyarakat dunia mengenai ke-“tionghoa”-an di Indonesia. Cultural Production of Indie Movies With Chineseness Theme in Indonesia. Culturalproduction in indie movies telling story about chineseness exists within a space structure thatestablishes a relation between the position and the production of other movies. The existenceof Chinese society that always inflicts polemic drives the social agents to try to open roomsof possibility by producing opuses. The method employed is social constructivism involvingagents through production activities so that those agents will get involved in their own world.In this case, the effort carried out is struggling to gain legitimation in a power structure. It ispracticed by indie movie producer agents who have lower production budget compared to thecommercial movie producers. In doing this, the strategy employed is joining movie festivalsabroad, considered as a higher level of legitimation, legitimation built in Indonesia via habitus.By posing Indonesian society as a part of the international society, the domination of powerstructure will lessen. Acknowledged through indie movies, existence and prestige are built bythe expression of their works in the form of movies as an opportunity to get recognition andtrust from the world society regarding the chineseness in Indonesia.
Monitoring human enteric viruses in wastewater and relevance to infections encountered in the clinical setting: a one-year experiment in central France, 2014 to 2015
Authors: Bisseux Maxime , Colombet Jonathan , Mirand Audrey , Roque-Afonso Anne-Marie , Abravanel Florence , Izopet Jacques , Archimbaud Christine , Peigue-Lafeuille Hélène , Debroas Didier , Bailly Jean-Luc , Henquell Cécile 
Published: February 2018

Background
Human enteric viruses are resistant in the environment and transmitted via the faecal-oral route. Viral shedding in wastewater gives the opportunity to track emerging pathogens and study the epidemiology of enteric infectious diseases in the community. Aim: The aim of this study was to monitor the circulation of enteric viruses in the population of the Clermont-Ferrand area (France) by analysis of urban wastewaters. Methods: Raw and treated wastewaters were collected between October 2014 and October 2015 and concentrated by a two-step protocol using tangential flow ultrafiltration and polyethylene glycol precipitation. Processed samples were analysed for molecular detection of adenovirus, norovirus, rotavirus, parechovirus, enterovirus (EV), hepatitis A (HAV) and E (HEV) viruses. Results: All wastewater samples (n = 54) contained viruses. On average, six and four virus species were detected in, respectively, raw and treated wastewater samples. EV-positive samples were tested for EV-D68 to assess its circulation in the community. EV-D68 was detected in seven of 27 raw samples. We collected data from clinical cases of EV-D68 (n = 17), HAV (n = 4) and HEV infection (n = 16) and compared wastewater-derived sequences with clinical sequences. We showed the silent circulation of EV-D68 in September 2015, the wide circulation of HAV despite few notifications of acute disease and the presence in wastewater of the major HEV subtypes involved in clinical local cases. Conclusion: The environmental surveillance overcomes the sampling bias intrinsic to the study of infections associated with hospitalisation and allows the detection in real time of viral sequences genetically close to those reported in clinical specimens.
Influence of Strength-Building Activities on Competitive Results of Athletes in Workout
Authors: Malyarenko Iryna , Romaskevych Yuriy , Koltsova Olha , Yuskiv Kateryna 
Published: February 2018

Relevance of the investigation is caused by regularities of the origin and development of Workout as one of the directions of strength gymnastics, to achieve results in which the level of the development of strength qualities plays an important role. Analysis of the up-to-date studies on Workout development points out the need to draw attention to peculiarities in the organization and methods of providing training sessions. The necessary physical preparation and high sports results can be achieved by taking in consideration all factors and the rational structure of training process. The purpose of investigation – to work out a method of strength training in Workout and to check it up in competition activities. Results of investigation. A modern trend of strength-building acrobatics «Street workout» appeared as the variety of bodybuilding and is based on gymnastic exercises. Workout – English-American term is translated as «training» and composed of the complex of physical exercises directed to the improvement of strength, strength endurance and body shape. Therefore, exercises in speed-and-strength moves and methods of static and isometric exercises are used in special training. The trainings that are provided in different regimens and give significant results are considered as special methods of the development of strength, in which the variety of the regulations of tension in different regimens of their work, namely, isometric, concentric, eccentric, is of great importance. The article claims that the most effective ways and methods of strength development in Workout are varieties of exercises «Finger-tip push-up» (press-ups), method of isometric and static tensions, Tabat’s protocol. The analysis of our experimental findings has proven that the developed methods of strength training of athletes-workouters provide the most significant increase in the results of control exercises «Horizontal backward hang», «Muscle–up on horizontal bar», «Push-ups from the floor» and «Arm balance». In the process of the investigation, a direct correlation between strength preparedness and the results of competitions in the exercise «Chest Dips with additional weight»; between strength preparedness and the final results of competitions in Workout was established. The obtained data are confirmed by the results of sportsmen’s participation in regional competitions in Street Workout.
Consideration of the Somatotype in the Development of Primary Teaching Swimming Methods of Children
Authors: Obrazhey Olga 
Published: February 2018

The study reveals the issue of studying the physical development and a somatotype of a child to develop a methodology for initial swimming training in open water bodies. The following methods are used in the work: analysis and generalization of literary sources, medical-biological methods (anthropometric), pedagogical observation, methods of mathematical statistics with using «Excel 2000». The buoyancy of primary school children was diagnosed in real conditions of swimming training lessons with two tests: horizontal and vertical. The survey sample consisted of children aged 8–9, out of which there were 15 girls and 14 boys. They were at «Swimming school» in Kherson during June 2016. All children were able to swim. An individual assessment of the degree of anthropometric development indicators using centimetric tables revealed that children with an average level of physical development predominated in two sexually active age groups, but there was a significant percentage of children with a low level of physical development. In the course of the study, it was discovered that boys and girls of hypersthenic somatotype had high level in two exercises; children of primary school age of normostenic and asthenic somatotype had less buoyancy. The analyzed values of the correlation coefficients indicated that there was an insignificant connection between height and buoyancy. The study observed the relationship between the indicators of body weight and the result of buoyancy test. The most significant relationship wass between the result of the chest volume and the result of the buoyancy tests.
Physical Rehabilitation of Adolescents with Minor Structural Cardiac Abnormalities
Authors: Vozniy Sergiy , Romaskevych Yuriy , Godlevskiy Petro 
Published: February 2018

Topicality. The article shows the method of physical rehabilitation of adolescents with minor structural cardiac abnormalities. Minor structural cardiac abnormalities is a large group of cardiovascular anomalies, characterized by the presence of a variety of anatomical and morphological deviations from the norm of the heart structures that make up the undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia. The most common cardiac manifestations of connective tissue dysplasia syndrome are mitral valve prolapse and abnormal chords of the left ventricle of the heart. Diagnosis of this pathology in adolescents has significantly increased with the development of ultrasound examination of the heart, while the technique of physical rehabilitation has not been sufficiently developed to date. The aim of the research is to study the effect of rationally dose-related physical exertion on the severity of the main symptoms of the disease and the physical condition of adolescents with minor structural cardiac abnormalities. Methods of Work. Questionnaire to identify a subjective assessment of the severity of the main symptoms of the disease, the definition of exercise tolerance and the index of the physical state of adolescents according to the methodology of Professor O. Shchepin. Results of Work. Physical rehabilitation was carried out in three stages, general strengthening exercises of aerobic and anaerobic power, exercises on simulators, sports-applied exercises, outdoor games, respiratory gymnastics, special exercises to increase the stability of the vestibular apparatus, orthostatic firmness, the formation of correct posture and flatfoot prevention. The loads were dosed individually, taking into account the results of determining the tolerance to physical activity. Conclusion. As a result of the rehabilitation actions the general conditions of the adolescents were improved, the symptoms of the disease began to disturb them less often and disappear. The index of physical condition increased for boys from an average of 0,52 ± 0,007 to an above average of 0,70 ± 0,001, and for girls from the lower limit of the average 0,51 ± 0,006 to the upper one and was 0,69 ± 0,004.
Biomechanical Structure Specifics of the Javelin Throwing Technique of elite Athletes
Authors: Klimashevsky Olexander 
Published: February 2018

The relevance of the research. At the current stage of sports science development , the most promising direction for increasing sport results is that focuses on the maximum usage of the qualitative training process characteristics , reserves search of athletes’ technical skill improvement , methods and means of technical training, maximal realization of individual congenital and acquired inclinations of athletes. Statement of the Problem. The highest quality in the tmotor actions technique improvement is achieved through the usage of biomechanical analysis which is based on the studying of biomechanical structures using modern electrooptical systems of registration and analysis of movements with the subsequent development of model indicators. The Purpose and Methods of Research. The aim of this work is to analyze the peculiarities of the biomechanical structure of the javelin throwing technique by elite athletes. Research methods : analysis of scientific and methodical literature, video, biomechanical analysis and methods of mathematical statistics. Results and Key Conclusions. The analysis of the javelin throwing technique of highly qualified athletes is carried out. In the experiment four javelineers participated – masters of sport of the international class. With the help of video shooting and biomechanical analysis quantitative characteristics of the biomechanical structure of the throwing javelins technique of highly qualified athletes are obtained. The indexes that influence the javelin flight range in the phases of the previous run, final run and final effort are studied. The temporal, spatial and spatial-temporal characteristics of the technique of motor activity is analyzed. The obtained data is planned to be used for constructing models of the biomechanical structure of the javelin throwing technique. The indicators of the biomechanical structure of the javelin throwing technique discovered by highly qualified athletes can be used as sample models for athletes of lower qualification. Prospects for further research are the study of the biomechanical structure of the equipment of qualified athletes and the discriminatory features revealed in the technique of athletes of different qualifications, with the aim of further improving the javelin throwing technique of the qualified athletes.
Cumhuriyet Döneminde Ayasofya Yazarlığı: Sanat Tarihi Literatürü Bağlamında Bir İnceleme
Authors: KÖK Elif 
Published: February 2018

Sadece Bizans çağının değil, tüm mimarlık tarihinin en önemli köşe
taşlarından biri olarak görülen Ayasofya Kilisesi’nin, literatürde önemli bir yeri
vardır; Osmanlı’nın son dönemine kadar
aktif olarak kullanılan, kullanımı bir prestij vesilesi olarak görülen ve
mimaride büyüklüğün, azametin ölçütü olarak kabul edilen Ayasofya, 19. yüzyıl
öncesi metinlere, özellikle yapımına dair yarı-efsanevî bilgilerle konu
olmuştur. 20. yüzyıl literatüründe ise, milliyetçi eğilimlerin yükselişiyle
birlikte, Bizans kültürü ile özdeşleşen yapı, kısmen olumsuz bir vurguyla da ele
alınmıştır. Gelişmiş mimari çözümlemelerden ziyade ulusal kaygılara dayanan bu
yorumlarda Ayasofya’nın, Osmanlı mimarisinin algılanması için bir anahtar rolü
oynadığı gözlenmektedir. Dolayısıyla, Cumhuriyet dönemi literatüründeki Türklük
ve Türk sanatı algılarının çözümlenmesinde de önemli bir mihenk taşıdır.
A reforma agrária municipal e os bloqueios do neoliberalismo regulador
Authors: Clark Giovani , Corrêa Leonardo Alves , Do Nascimento Samuel Pontes 
Published: February 2018

O objetivo do artigo é demonstrar, em face da Constituição brasileira de 1988, a possibilidade jurídica dos Municípios realizarem a reforma agrária. Após uma breve introdução, onde anotamos que as concentrações de terras rurais da Nação na atualidade são superiores às de meados do século passado e que as recentes políticas públicas da União privilegiam o agronegócio, explicamos em seguida o neoliberalismo de regulação e elencamos alguns de seus mecanismos para bloquear a reforma agrária. Depois, fazemos uma interpretação sistemática da Constituição Econômica de 1988 e concluímos que os municípios brasileiros possuem competência para realizarem a reforma agrária. A fim de reforçar a nossa tese, trazemos pareceres de juristas e decisões de Tribunais Superiores nacionais favoráveis às desapropriações, por parte dos três entes da federação, de imóveis rurais, mediante pagamento em dinheiro, para a execução de suas políticas públicas (incluído programas de reforma agrária), com base na Lei n. 4.132/62.