bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visual working memory encoding in schizophrenia and first-degree relatives: neurofunctional abnormalities and impaired consolidation
Authors: Stäblein Michael , Storchak Helena , Ghinea Denisa , Kraft Dominik , Knöchel Christian , Prvulovic David , Bittner Robert A. , Reif Andreas , Oertel-Knöchel Viola 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundWorking memory (WM) deficits in schizophrenia (SCZ) have been linked to impairments in the encoding phase that are associated with aberrant neuronal functioning. Similar abnormalities have been observed in unaffected first-degree relatives (REL) and are thus discussed as candidate endophenotypes. The process of WM consolidation – i.e. the formation of durable WM representations – is assumed to be impaired in SCZ, but no study has investigated WM consolidation and neuronal correlates of visual WM encoding in REL before.MethodWe examined whole-brain activation during the encoding phase with an event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging study design in 25 SCZ subjects, 22 REL subjects, and 25 healthy controls. Subjects performed a visual masked change detection task that assessed WM performance and consolidation.ResultsSCZ showed deficient WM performance indicating an impairment consolidation process, accompanied by broad neuronal hypoactivation, most prominently in frontal brain regions, as well as increased activity of the anterior cingulate during the encoding phase. REL showed decreased neuronal activity in the middle and medial frontal gyrus and increased activity in the precentral gyrus and insula during encoding, but no significant behavioral deficits were observed. In respect of given consolidation times, REL showed a shift from decreased frontal activity at short time intervals to increased frontal activity at longer time intervals.ConclusionsFindings suggest WM consolidation may be slowed in REL so that the deployment of compensatory neuronal resources during encoding is needed to assure proper WM performance. This supports the view of WM-related neuronal dysfunctions as a potential endophenotypic marker.
Fermes etvillaeromaines en Gaule chevelue: La difficile confrontation des sources classiques et des données archéologiques
Authors: Reddé Michel 
Published: March 2018

RésuméLes termes de «ferme indigène» et de«villa»romaines, souvent opposés par les historiens, ressortissent à un débat historiographique ancien, mais toujours actuel car jamais véritablement tranché. En Gaule du Nord, ils renvoient notamment aux travaux déjà anciens de Roger Agache, dont les prospections aériennes avaient donné à voir un paysage peuplé de grandesvillae, volontiers considérées comme de vastes domaines aristocratiques par opposition à de petits établissements de tradition indigène. Cette image a fini peu ou prou par s'imposer, donnant l'impression d'une mutation rapide et radicale des systèmes agraires du Nord de la Gaule après la conquête. Malgré de nombreuses tentatives de correction, la notion d'une économie agricole fondée sur la productivité des grands domaines reste dominante dans la pensée des historiens. Cet article se propose de rappeler la difficulté d'appréhender, à travers les sources classiques, la complexité des campagnes de l'Antiquité, afin de mieux examiner l'apport récent des grands décapages de l'archéologie préventive et les problèmes d'interprétation posés par l'intrication de nombreux établissements ruraux, dont la taille et le luxe ne constituent pas nécessairement des indicateurs pertinents de productivité.
L'archéologie de la construction: Une nouvelle approche de l'architecture romaine
Authors: Dessales Hélène 
Published: March 2018

RésuméNouvelle orientation disciplinaire, l'archéologie de la construction se définit comme l’étude de toutes les traces matérielles qui informent sur la conception, la construction et la gestion d'un édifice. Elle permet d’élargir l'approche de l'architecture romaine, jusqu'alors envisagée principalement du point de vue des typologies monumentales et décoratives. L'objectif de cette contribution est d'en caractériser les différentes spécificités et les apports. Si l'archéologie de la construction entretient des liens méthodologiques évidents avec l'archéologie du bâti, notamment par la stratigraphie verticale des élévations, elle s'en distingue par son échelle d’étude, celle du chantier de construction, dont elle entend restituer le contexte de production et toute la dynamique. Sept composantes sont considérées, éclairées par des recherches archéologiques récentes : le projet initial de l’édifice, la préparation du site, la mise en place des infrastructures, la production des matériaux, leur transformation, leur mise en œuvre dans la construction, les opérations de finition et de décoration. Les données recueillies permettent d'associer l'archéologie des techniques et l'histoire socio-économique, en considérant le chantier de construction comme un système de production et d’échange, dans toutes ses interactions avec la société romaine.
L'Anthropocène et le temps des historiens
Authors: Quenet Grégory 
Published: March 2018

RésuméLa notion d'Anthropocène a surgi si rapidement sur la scène politique et académique qu'il est parfois difficile de s'orienter parmi la masse des publications et des événements, et de situer les différents arguments. Cet article propose de prendre du recul en s'interrogeant sur ce que cette notion fait au temps des historiens. En l'absence d'une étude sociologique et intellectuelle qui cartographierait précisément les acteurs et les lieux, une approche généalogique permet de révéler un certain nombre de déplacements conceptuels depuis la proposition initiale : le passage d'un temps géologique à un temps historique a, en effet, transformé la nature de l’événement Anthropocène. De plus, la réponse des sciences humaines et sociales a été critique, révélant la tension entre, d'un côté, le label et le forum, de l'autre, le cadre analytique appliqué à des études empiriques. En définitive, la notion de période appliquée à l'Anthropocène pose un certain nombre de difficultés (téléologie, retour d'un global occidentalo-centré, synchronisation de l'histoire. . .), alors que la pluralisation des seuils et des césures temporelles apparaît comme un enrichissement de l’écriture de l'histoire, engageant de nouveaux chantiers de recherche ouverts à la matérialité et aux acteurs non-humains.
Direct fiber vector eigenmode multiplexing transmission seeded by integrated optical vortex emitters
Authors: Liu Jun , Li Shi-Mao , Zhu Long , Wang An-Dong , Chen Shi , Klitis Charalambos , Du Cheng , Mo Qi , Sorel Marc , Yu Si-Yuan , Cai Xin-Lun , Wang Jian 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSpatial modes have received substantial attention over the last decades and are used in optical communication applications. In fiber-optic communications, the employed linearly polarized modes and phase vortex modes carrying orbital angular momentum can be synthesized by fiber vector eigenmodes. To improve the transmission capacity and miniaturize the communication system, straightforward fiber vector eigenmode multiplexing and generation of fiber-eigenmode-like polarization vortices (vector vortex modes) using photonic integrated devices are of substantial interest. Here, we propose and demonstrate direct fiber vector eigenmode multiplexing transmission seeded by integrated optical vortex emitters. By exploiting vector vortex modes (radially and azimuthally polarized beams) generated from silicon microring resonators etched with angular gratings, we report data-carrying fiber vector eigenmode multiplexing transmission through a 2-km large-core fiber, showing low-level mode crosstalk and favorable link performance. These demonstrations may open up added capacity scaling opportunities by directly accessing multiple vector eigenmodes in the fiber and provide compact solutions to replace bulky diffractive optical elements for generating various optical vector beams.
Crystal structure of the human 5-HT1B serotonin receptor bound to an inverse agonist
Authors: Yin Wanchao , Zhou X. Edward , Yang Dehua , de Waal Parker W. , Wang Meitian , Dai Antao , Cai Xiaoqing , Huang Chia-Ying , Liu Ping , Wang Xiaoxi , Yin Yanting , Liu Bo , Zhou Yu , Wang Jiang , Liu Hong , Caffrey Martin , Melcher Karsten , Xu Yechun , Wang Ming-Wei , Xu H. Eric , Jiang Yi 
Published: March 2018

Abstract5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, also known as serotonin) regulates many physiological processes through the 5-HT receptor family. Here we report the crystal structure of 5-HT1B subtype receptor (5-HT1BR) bound to the psychotropic serotonin receptor inverse agonist methiothepin (MT). Crystallization was facilitated by replacing ICL3 with a novel optimized variant of BRIL (OB1) that enhances the formation of intermolecular polar interactions, making OB1 a potential useful tool for structural studies of membrane proteins. Unlike the agonist ergotamine (ERG), MT occupies only the conserved orthosteric binding pocket, explaining the wide spectrum effect of MT on serotonin receptors. Compared with ERG, MT shifts toward TM6 and sterically pushes residues W3276.48, F3306.50 and F3316.51 from inside the orthosteric binding pocket, leading to an outward movement of the extracellular end and a corresponding inward shift of the intracellular end of TM6, a feature shared by other reported inactive G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) structures. Together with the previous agonist-bound serotonin receptor structures, the inverse agonist-bound 5-HT1BR structure identifies a basis for the ligand-mediated switch of 5-HT1BR activity and provides a structural understanding of the inactivation mechanism of 5-HT1BR and some other class A GPCRs, characterized by ligand-induced outward movement of the extracellular end of TM6 that is coupled with inward movement of the cytoplasmic end of this helix.
Neural basis for categorical boundaries in the primate pre-SMA during relative categorization of time intervals
Authors: Mendoza Germán , Méndez Juan Carlos , Pérez Oswaldo , Prado Luis , Merchant Hugo 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPerceptual categorization depends on the assignment of different stimuli to specific groups based, in principle, on the notion of flexible categorical boundaries. To determine the neural basis of categorical boundaries, we record the activity of pre-SMA neurons of monkeys executing an interval categorization task in which the limit between short and long categories changes between blocks of trials within a session. A large population of cells encodes this boundary by reaching a constant peak of activity close to the corresponding subjective limit. Notably, the time at which this peak is reached changes according to the categorical boundary of the current block, predicting the monkeys’ categorical decision on a trial-by-trial basis. In addition, pre-SMA cells also represent the category selected by the monkeys and the outcome of the decision. These results suggest that the pre-SMA adaptively encodes subjective duration boundaries between short and long durations and contains crucial neural information to categorize intervals and evaluate the outcome of such perceptual decisions.
Voltage gating of mechanosensitive PIEZO channels
Authors: Moroni Mirko , Servin-Vences M. Rocio , Fleischer Raluca , Sánchez-Carranza Oscar , Lewin Gary R. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMechanosensitive PIEZO ion channels are evolutionarily conserved proteins whose presence is critical for normal physiology in multicellular organisms. Here we show that, in addition to mechanical stimuli, PIEZO channels are also powerfully modulated by voltage and can even switch to a purely voltage-gated mode. Mutations that cause human diseases, such as xerocytosis, profoundly shift voltage sensitivity of PIEZO1 channels toward the resting membrane potential and strongly promote voltage gating. Voltage modulation may be explained by the presence of an inactivation gate in the pore, the opening of which is promoted by outward permeation. Older invertebrate (fly) and vertebrate (fish) PIEZO proteins are also voltage sensitive, but voltage gating is a much more prominent feature of these older channels. We propose that the voltage sensitivity of PIEZO channels is a deep property co-opted to add a regulatory mechanism for PIEZO activation in widely different cellular contexts.
A Direct Method for Determining Toricity Ratios of Toric Intraocular Lens Calculators
Authors: Gabra Lauren G. , Sayegh Samir I. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis study develops a method to determine toricity ratios used by arbitrary toric intraocular lens calculators. Access to this information allows for the improvement of refractive results. We derive the Sayegh-Gabra formula, which uses input and output parameters in a toric calculator to extract toricity ratios that are typically not disclosed. We illustrate the method on a number of commercial calculators. For each calculator, high, average, and low axial length values are crossed with high, average, and low mean corneal power values to generate a 3 × 3 matrix. A toricity ratio is generated for each axial length and mean corneal power pair. We thus identify several toric lens manufacturers’ calculators that use a constant toricity ratio, often 1.46. Some others use a variable ratio centered at 1.46, but varying as axial length and mean K increases over a range of values corresponding to physiological myopia and hyperopia. There is an emerging trend away from constant toricity ratios. Using our methodology, it is possible to extract the toricity ratio used by specific calculators/manufacturers, distinguish those using constant versus variable toricity ratios, and use this information to improve surgical outcomes by refining current and future toric intraocular lens calculators.
Rapid Synthesis and Correlative Measurements of Electrocatalytic Nickel/Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Jeerage Kavita M. , Candelaria Stephanie L. , Stavis Samuel M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractElectrocatalytic core-shell nanoparticles, such as nickel/iron oxides for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline electrolytes, require rapid synthesis and measurement for practical use. To meet this challenge, we investigated a novel process of adding Ni(II) species to Fe nanoparticles immediately after synthesis, which we expected to yield Ni-rich shells around Fe-rich cores. Cyclic voltammetry showed that the overpotential decreased as the molar ratio of Ni to Fe in the synthesis vessel increased from 0.2 mol Ni:1 mol Fe to 1.5 mol Ni:1 mol Fe, consistent with an increase of Ni composition. Unexpectedly, the overpotential increased abruptly at 2.0 mol Ni:1 mol Fe. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that this synthesis ratio resulted in less Ni at the nanoparticle surfaces than lower synthesis ratios. These results demonstrate the sensitivity of rapid electrochemical measurements to surface composition, and the limits of Ni(II) adsorption and reduction to rapidly form Ni-rich shells around Fe-rich cores. Cyclic voltammetry also showed that the onset of the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) correlates with the oxidation of Ni(OH)2 to NiOOH. Therefore, tuning materials to improve performance as OER catalysts also improves their performance as MOR catalysts.
Effects of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs as Patient Controlled Analgesia on Early Bowel Function Recovery after Radical Cystectomy
Authors: Yu Young Dong , Hwang Jin Ho , Seo Young Eun , Song Byung Do , Jung Yeon Soo , Lee Dong Hwan , Hong Sung Kyu , Byun Seok-Soo , Lee Sang Eun , Oh Jong Jin 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of ketorolac, a commonly used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) as patient controlled intravenous infusion analgesia (PCIA) for the patients underwent radical cystectomy (RC) due to bladder cancer regarding post-operational indices of recovery. Total seventy patients who underwent radical cystectomy for the treatment of bladder cancer were included in the study. 35 patients received ketorolac as PCIA (NSAIDS group) and 35 patients had morphine infusion as PCIA (morphine group). Pain intensity, bowel function recovery and length of hospital stay were evaluated. Early postoperative complications were analyzed according to surgical types (robot RC vs. open RC). Demographics were similar between two groups. NSAIDS group showed a significant reduction in postoperative vomiting (p = 0.001), time to flatus (p = 0.028), time to first bowel movement (p = 0.001) and time to first clear liquid diet (p = 0.002) compared with morphine group. No statistically significant differences were observed between two groups regarding length of hospitalization, and postoperative complications. For 48 hours after RC, pain relief was slightly better in morphine group (p < 0.001). Both open RC and robot RC cases showed significantly better bowel function recovery with NSAIDS groups. Ketorolac as PCIA is relatively effective in pain management with better gastrointestinal recovery after RC.
Voltage dependence of synaptic plasticity is essential for rate based learning with short stimuli
Authors: Weissenberger Felix , Gauy Marcelo Matheus , Lengler Johannes , Meier Florian , Steger Angelika 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn computational neuroscience, synaptic plasticity rules are often formulated in terms of firing rates. The predominant description of in vivo neuronal activity, however, is the instantaneous rate (or spiking probability). In this article we resolve this discrepancy by showing that fluctuations of the membrane potential carry enough information to permit a precise estimate of the instantaneous rate in balanced networks. As a consequence, we find that rate based plasticity rules are not restricted to neuronal activity that is stable for hundreds of milliseconds to seconds, but can be carried over to situations in which it changes every few milliseconds. We illustrate this, by showing that a voltage-dependent realization of the classical BCM rule achieves input selectivity, even if stimulus duration is reduced to a few milliseconds each.
Neurogenetic asymmetries in the catshark developing habenulae: mechanistic and evolutionary implications
Authors: Lagadec Ronan , Lanoizelet Maxence , Sánchez-Farías Nuria , Hérard Fanny , Menuet Arnaud , Mayeur Hélène , Billoud Bernard , Rodriguez-Moldes Isabel , Candal Eva , Mazan Sylvie 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAnalysis of the establishment of epithalamic asymmetry in two non-conventional model organisms, a cartilaginous fish and a lamprey, has suggested that an essential role of Nodal signalling, likely to be ancestral in vertebrates, may have been largely lost in zebrafish. In order to decipher the cellular mechanisms underlying this divergence, we have characterised neurogenetic asymmetries during habenular development in the catshark Scyliorhinus canicula and addressed the mechanism involved in this process. As in zebrafish, neuronal differentiation starts earlier on the left side in the catshark habenulae, suggesting the conservation of a temporal regulation of neurogenesis. At later stages, marked, Alk4/5/7 dependent, size asymmetries having no clear counterparts in zebrafish also develop in neural progenitor territories, with a larger size of the proliferative, pseudostratified neuroepithelium, in the right habenula relative to the left one, but a higher cell number on the left of a more lateral, later formed population of neural progenitors. These data show that mechanisms resulting in an asymmetric, preferential maintenance of neural progenitors act both in the left and the right habenulae, on different cell populations. Such mechanisms may provide a substrate for quantitative variations accounting for the variability in size and laterality of habenular asymmetries across vertebrates.
Secretome analysis of in vitro aged human mesenchymal stem cells reveals IGFBP7 as a putative factor for promoting osteogenesis
Authors: Infante Arantza , Rodríguez Clara I. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAging is a complex biological process, which involves multiple mechanisms with different levels of regulation. Senescent cells are known to secrete senescence-associated proteins, which exert negative influences on surrounding cells. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), the common progenitors for bone, cartilage and adipose tissue (which are especially affected tissues in aging), are known to secrete a broad spectrum of biologically active proteins with both paracrine and autocrine functions in many biological processes. In this report, we have studied the secreted factors (secretome) from human MSCs (hMSCs) and hMSCs-derived adipocytes which were induced to accumulate prelamin A, the immature form of the nuclear lamina protein called Lamin A, known to induce premature aging syndromes in humans and in murine models. Proteomic analysis from two different techniques, antibody arrays and LS-MS, showed that prelamin A accumulation in hMSCs promotes the differential secretion of factors previously identified as secreted by hMSCs undergoing osteogenesis. Moreover, this secretome was able to modulate osteogenesis of normal hMSCs in vitro. Finally, we found that one of the overexpressed secreted factors of this human aging in vitro stem cell model, IGFBP-7, is an osteogenic factor, essential for the viability of hMSCs during osteogenesis.
TDP43 nuclear export and neurodegeneration in models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Archbold Hilary C. , Jackson Kasey L. , Arora Ayush , Weskamp Kaitlin , Tank Elizabeth M.-H. , Li Xingli , Miguez Roberto , Dayton Robert D. , Tamir Sharon , Klein Ronald L. , Barmada Sami J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are progressive neurodegenerative disorders marked in most cases by the nuclear exclusion and cytoplasmic deposition of the RNA binding protein TDP43. We previously demonstrated that ALS–associated mutant TDP43 accumulates within the cytoplasm, and that TDP43 mislocalization predicts neurodegeneration. Here, we sought to prevent neurodegeneration in ALS/FTD models using selective inhibitor of nuclear export (SINE) compounds that target exportin-1 (XPO1). SINE compounds modestly extend cellular survival in neuronal ALS/FTD models and mitigate motor symptoms in an in vivo rat ALS model. At high doses, SINE compounds block nuclear egress of an XPO1 cargo reporter, but not at lower concentrations that were associated with neuroprotection. Neither SINE compounds nor leptomycin B, a separate XPO1 inhibitor, enhanced nuclear TDP43 levels, while depletion of XPO1 or other exportins had little effect on TDP43 localization, suggesting that no single exporter is necessary for TDP43 export. Supporting this hypothesis, we find overexpression of XPO1, XPO7 and NXF1 are each sufficient to promote nuclear TDP43 egress. Taken together, our results indicate that redundant pathways regulate TDP43 nuclear export, and that therapeutic prevention of cytoplasmic TDP43 accumulation in ALS/FTD may be enhanced by targeting several overlapping mechanisms.