bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Decision Tree Using Patient Characteristics to Predict Resistance to Commonly Used Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics in Children With Gram-Negative Bloodstream Infections
Authors: Sick-Samuels Anna C , Goodman Katherine E , Rapsinski Glenn , Colantouni Elizabeth , Milstone Aaron M , Nowalk Andrew J , Tamma Pranita D 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background
As rates of multidrug-resistant gram-negative infections rise, it is critical to recognize children at high risk of bloodstream infections with organisms resistant to commonly used empiric broad-spectrum antibiotics. The objective of the current study was to develop a user-friendly clinical decision aid to predict the risk of resistance to commonly prescribed broad-spectrum empiric antibiotics for children with gram-negative bloodstream infections.

Methods
This was a longitudinal retrospective cohort study of children with gram-negative bacteria cared for at a tertiary care pediatric hospital from June 2009 to June 2015. The primary outcome was a bloodstream infection due to bacteria resistant to broad-spectrum antibiotics (ie, cefepime, piperacillin-tazobactam, meropenem, or imipenem-cilastatin). Recursive partitioning was used to develop the decision tree.

Results
Of 689 episodes of gram-negative bloodstream infections included, 31% were resistant to broad-spectrum antibiotics. The decision tree stratified patients into high- or low-risk groups based on prior carbapenem treatment, a previous culture with a broad-spectrum antibiotic resistant gram-negative organism in the preceding 6 months, intestinal transplantation, age ≥3 years, and ≥7 prior episodes of gram-negative bloodstream infections. The sensitivity for classifying high-risk patients was 46%, and the specificity was 91%.

Conclusion
A decision tree offers a novel approach to individualize patients’ risk of gram-negative bloodstream infections resistant to broad-spectrum antibiotics, distinguishing children who may warrant even broader antibiotic therapy (eg, combination therapy, newer β-lactam agents) from those for whom standard empiric antibiotic therapy is appropriate. The constructed tree needs to be validated more widely before incorporation into clinical practice.
Microneurosurgical Removal of a Cervical Intramedullary Tumor Via Hemilaminoplasty: 3-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Harput Mehmet Volkan , Parnian Fard Ayda , Türe Uğur 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Intramedullary tumors of the spinal cord are rare and account for 2% to 8.5% of all central nervous system tumors. In adults, ependymomas are the most common intramedullary tumors. The primary choice of treatment should be radical surgical removal, as this is curative for most tumors. Adequate tumor exposure is crucial and mostly achieved through standard laminectomy followed by midline myelotomy. However, extensive removal of posterior spinal elements may lead to worsening kyphotic deformities.
After obtaining patient consent, this 3-dimensional video publication was prepared to present microneurosurgical removal of a C3-C6 cervical intramedullary tumor using right-sided hemilaminoplasty. C3-C6 hemilaminae were lifted en bloc. After dural and arachnoid incision, midline myelotomy was performed. Using microneurosurgical technique, the tumor was removed totally. After the dural closure, C3-C6 hemilaminae were placed into the previous position and reconstructed with mini-plates and screws. Preserving contralateral paraspinal muscles, spinous processes, midline spinal ligaments and bilateral facet joints helped maintaining the alignment of the spinal column.
Comparing to laminectomy, hemilaminoplasty, decreases the postoperative pain and the total blood loss as only one side muscle dissection is enough.
In the presented case, postoperative MRI showed total removal of the tumor. The final histopathology report indicated an ependymoma (WHO-Grade 2). Successful bone healing was demonstrated by postoperative cervical radiographs and CT scans. The patient has no postoperative neurological deficit.
In conclusion, hemilaminoplasty is an effective and a less-invasive method in removal of intradural-intramedullary tumors with its advantages such as preventing the instability and reduction of blood loss and postoperative pain.
Classifying and Measuring Human Resources for Health and Rehabilitation: Concept Design of a Practices- and Competency-Based International Classification
Authors: Jesus Tiago S , Landry Michel D , Dussault Gilles , Fronteira Inês 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The burden of physical impairments and disabilities is growing across high-, middle-, and low-income countries, but populations across the globe continue to lack access to basic physical rehabilitation. Global shortages, uneven distributions, and insufficient skill mix of human resources for health and rehabilitation (HRH&R) contribute to such inequitable access. However, there are no international standards to classify HRH&R and to promote their global monitoring and development.
In this article, we conceptually develop an international classification of HRH&R based on the concept of monitoring HRH&R through their stock of practices and competencies, and not simply counting rehabilitation professionals such as physical or occupational therapists. This concept accounts for the varying HRH&R configurations as well as the different training, competencies, or practice regulations across locations, even within the same profession.
Our perspective specifically develops the concept of a proposed classification, its structure, and possible applications. Among the benefits, stakeholders using the classification would be able to: (1) collect locally valid and internationally comparable data on HRH&R; (2) account for the rehabilitation practices and competencies among nonspecialized rehabilitation workers (eg, in less resourced/specialized contexts); (3) track competency upgrades or practice extensions over time; (4) implement competency-based human resources management practices, such as linking remuneration to competency levels rather than to professional categories; and (5) inform the development of (inter-)professional education, practice regulation, or even task-shifting processes for the whole of HRH&R. The proposed classification standard, still in a concept-development stage, could help drive policies to achieve the “right” stock of HRH&R, in terms of practices and competencies.
A long-term comparative analysis of the direction and congruence of technological change
Authors: Antonelli Cristiano , Feder Christophe 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTechnological congruence identifies the coherence between the direction of technological change and input costs in an economy and measures its effects on Total Factor Productivity (TFP). The search for technological congruence is constrained by the systemic characteristics of the countries where it takes place with special attention to the types of industrial relations and the role of the labor force in the accumulation of technological knowledge. Constrained technological congruence enables to interpret the heterogeneous long-term evidence of five advanced countries. The analysis confirms that the direction of technological change and its effects are heterogeneous across countries and time and reflect the specific conditions of their internal and external labor markets and of their knowledge generation processes.
Biomechanics of Femoral Neck Fractures and Implications for Fixation
Authors: Augat Peter , Bliven Emily , Hackl Simon 
Published: December 2018

Summary:
Fractures of the femoral neck can occur in young healthy individuals due to high loads occurring during motor vehicle accidents, impacts, or falls. Failure forces are lower if impacts occur sideways onto the greater trochanter as compared with vertical loading of the hip. Bone density, bone geometry, and thickness of cortical bone at the femoral neck contribute to its mechanical strength. Femoral neck fractures in young adults require accurate reduction and stable internal fixation. The available techniques for fracture fixation at the femoral neck (cannulated screws, hip screw systems, proximal femur plates, and cephallomedullary nails) are reviewed with respect to their competence to provide biomechanical stability. Mechanically unstable fractures require a load-bearing implant, such as hip screws, with antirotational screws or intramedullary nails. Subcapital or transcervical fracture patterns and noncomminuted fractures enable load sharing and can be securely fixed with cannulated screws or solitary hip screw systems without compromising fixation stability.
Treatment of Closed Femoral Shaft Fractures in Children Aged 6 to 10
Authors: Sigrist Emmalynn J. , George Nicole E. , Koder Adrienne M. , Gwam Chukwuweike U. , Etcheson Jennifer I. , Herman Martin J. 
Published: December 2018

Background:
Management of pediatric femoral shaft fractures remains controversial, particularly in children between the ages of 6 and 10. In the current push toward cost containment, hospital type, and surgeon subspecialization have emerged as important factors influencing this treatment decision. Thus, in the present study, we use a nationwide pediatric inpatient database to compare the: (a) incidence; (b) demographic characteristics; (c) hospital costs; (d) length of stay; and (e) treatment method of pediatric closed femoral shaft fractures admitted to general versus children’s hospitals.

Methods:
The Kids’ Inpatient Database (KID) was queried for all patients aged 6 to 10 who sustained a closed femoral shaft fracture in 2009 or 2012, and patient records were stratified into children’s hospitals and general hospitals. Primary outcome measures included method of treatment, total hospital costs, and length of stay. Student/Welch t testing and χ2 analysis were utilized to compare continuous and categorical outcomes, respectively, between hospital types.

Results:
The total incidence of closed femoral shaft fractures decreased between 2009 and 2012 (1919 to 1581 patients; P=0.020), as did the proportion of patients treated in children’s hospitals (58.6% to 32.3%; P<0.001). In addition, patients treated at general hospitals were more likely to receive open reduction with internal fixation (45.3% vs. 41.1%) or external fixation (4.1% vs. 2.3%), and less likely to be managed with closed reduction with internal fixation (32.0% vs. 39.7%) than those treated at children’s hospitals (P<0.001 for all).

Conclusions:
The present study demonstrates a decrease in the incidence of closed femoral shaft fractures in 6- to 10-year old patients from 2009 to 2012, as well as decreased definitive management in children’s hospitals and increased selection of operative treatment. In addition, treatment in a nonchildren’s hospital was associated with decreased total inpatient costs and decreased treatment with closed reduction with internal fixation in favor of open reduction with internal fixation. Future studies should seek to identify the specific surgical procedures performed and match patients more closely based specific fracture pattern.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic level II.
Anterior Guided Growth of the Distal Femur for Knee Flexion Contracture: Clinical, Radiographic, and Motion Analysis Results
Authors: Wang Kemble K. , Novacheck Tom F. , Rozumalski Adam , Georgiadis Andrew G. 
Published: December 2018

Background:
Fixed knee flexion deformity is common in children with neuromuscular disorders. Anterior guided growth (AGG) of the distal femur can achieve gradual correction in patients who are skeletally immature. Little outcome data are available on this procedure.

Methods:
This is a retrospective matched cohort study. Forty-two knees (26 patients) underwent AGG surgery at our institution between 2007 and 2017. All patients underwent instrumented 3-dimensional gait analysis (3DGA). A nonsurgical control group of 49 knees (43 patients) was selected that matched for age, severity of preoperative knee contracture, and 3DGA parameters. Clinical, radiographic, and 3DGA outcomes were assessed and compared.

Results:
Average preoperative knee flexion deformity in AGG group was 13±8 degrees. Following AGG, deformity improved by 8±7 degrees (P<0.001) as measured radiographically and by 7±7 degrees (P<0.001) as measured on physical examination. Average rate of correction was 0.7±0.6 degrees per month or 8±8 degrees per year. The 3DGA parameters such as minimum stance phase knee flexion and knee flexion at initial contact were also significantly improved following AGG. In contrast, flexion deformity as measured radiographically worsened by 3±3 degrees (P=0.002) in the control group. Twelve knees (29%) had failure of correction. Predictors of failure included older age, lower level of function, and greater severity of preoperative deformity. The age at time of surgery and the anteroposterior position of plate fixation relative to the distal femoral physis were associated with rate of correction.

Conclusions:
In children with neuromuscular disorders, AGG of the distal femur is effective in improving degree of fixed knee flexion deformity as well as objective gait parameters. A significant portion of knees experience inadequate correction. Addressing factors associated with correction failure (ie, age and plate placement) may improve the procedure’s success.

Level of Evidence:
Level III—case control study
Factors Predicting Adoption of the Nurses Improving Care of Healthsystem Elders Program
Authors: Stimpfel Amy Witkoski , Gilmartin Mattia J. 
Published: December 2018

Background
Registered nurses are often underprepared with the knowledge and skills to care for hospitalized older adult patients. One strategy to bridge this gap is for hospitals to adopt the Nurses Improving Care for Healthsystem Elders (NICHE) program: A nurse-led interdisciplinary organizational intervention to improve care of hospitalized older adults.

Objectives
This study aimed to identify the market, organizational and managerial, and sociotechnical factors associated with the adoption of NICHE among U.S. hospitals in order to understand factors that promote and inhibit the adoption of models to improve care for elders and to provide a basis for future studies that evaluate the effects of NICHE participation on patient outcomes.

Methods
We used an observational, retrospective design, linking three national administrative data sources, in a secondary analysis. Data included the 2012–2013 American Hospital Association Annual Survey, NICHE database, and the American Nurses Credentialing Center Magnet database. Multivariate logistic regression models were completed at the hospital level (n = 3,506).

Results
Statistically significant variables associated with hospital adoption of the NICHE program include using a medical home model, being in a network, having a pain services program, being in an urban location, and having over 100 beds.

Discussion
Understanding factors that promote the adoption of organizational interventions like NICHE holds promise for accelerating the use of evidence-based clinical practices to promote health, function, and well-being for older hospitalized adults. Our results provide a foundation for assessing the effects of NICHE participation on patient outcomes by identifying factors that account for membership in NICHE.
A Draft Genome and High-Density Genetic Map of European Hazelnut (Corylus avellanaL.)
Authors: Rowley Erik R. , VanBuren Robert , Bryant Doug W. , Priest Henry D. , Mehlenbacher Shawn A. , Mockler Todd C. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractEuropean hazelnut (Corylus avellanaL.) is of global agricultural and economic significance, with genetic diversity existing in hundreds of accessions. Breeding efforts have focused on maximizing nut yield and quality and reducing susceptibility to diseases such as Eastern filbert blight (EFB). Here we present the first sequenced genome among the order Fagales, the EFB-resistant diploid hazelnut accession ‘Jefferson’ (OSU 703.007). We assembled the highly heterozygous hazelnut genome using an Illumina only approach and the final assembly has a scaffold N50 of 21.5kb. We captured approximately 91 percent (345 Mb) of the flow-cytometry-determined genome size and identified 34,910 putative gene loci. In addition, we identified over 2 million polymorphisms across seven diverse hazelnut accessions and characterized t heir effect on coding sequences. We produced t wo high-density genetic maps with 3,209 markers from an F1 hazelnut population, representing a five-fold increase in marker density over previous maps. These genomic resources will aide in the discovery of molecular markers linked to genes of interest for hazelnut breeding efforts, and are available to the community athttps://www.cavellanagenomeportal.com/.
Viperin binds STING and enhances the type-I interferon response following dsDNA detection
Authors: Crosse Keaton M. , Monson Ebony A. , Dumbrepatil Arti B. , Smith Monique , Tseng Yeu-Yang , Van der Hoek Kylie H. , Revill Peter A. , Tscharke David C. , Marsh E. Neil. G. , Beard Michael R. , Helbig Karla J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractViperin is an interferon-inducible protein that is pivotal for eliciting an effective immune response against an array of diverse viral pathogens. Here we describe a mechanism of viperin’s broad antiviral activity by demonstrating the protein’s ability to synergistically enhance the innate immune dsDNA signalling pathway to limit viral infection. Viperin co-localised with the key signalling molecules of the innate immune dsDNA sensing pathway, STING and TBK1; binding directly to STING and inducing enhanced K63-linked polyubiquitination of TBK1. Subsequent analysis identified viperin’s necessity to bind the cytosolic iron-sulphur assembly component 2A, to prolong its enhancement of the type-I interferon response to aberrant dsDNA. Here we show that viperin facilitates the formation of a signalling enhanceosome, to coordinate efficient signal transduction following activation of the dsDNA signalling pathway; which results in an enhanced antiviral state. We also provide evidence for viperin’s radical SAM enzymatic activity to self-limit its immunomodulatory functions. This data further defines viperin’s role as a positive regulator of innate immune signalling, offering a mechanism of viperin’s broad antiviral capacity.
Rapid active zone remodeling consolidates presynaptic potentiation
Authors: Böhme Mathias A. , McCarthy Anthony W. , Grasskamp Andreas T. , Beuschel Christine B. , Goel Pragya , Jusyte Meida , Laber Desiree , Huang Sheng , Rey Ulises , Petzold Astrid G. , Lehmann Martin , Göttfert Fabian , Haghighi Pejmun , Hell Stefan W. , Owald David , Dickman Dion , Sigrist Stephan J. , Walter Alexander M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSynaptic transmission is mediated by neurotransmitter release at presynaptic active zones (AZs) followed by postsynaptic neurotransmitter detection. Plastic changes in transmission maintain functionality during perturbations and enable memory formation. Postsynaptic plasticity targets neurotransmitter receptors, but presynaptic plasticity mechanisms directly regulating the neurotransmitter release apparatus remain largely enigmatic. Here we describe that AZs consist of nano-modular release site units and identify a molecular sequence adding more modules within minutes of plasticity induction. This requires cognate transport machinery and a discrete subset of AZ scaffold proteins. Structural remodeling is not required for the immediate potentiation of neurotransmitter release, but rather necessary to sustain this potentiation over longer timescales. Finally, mutations in Unc13 that disrupt homeostatic plasticity at the neuromuscular junction also impair shot-term memory when central neurons are targeted, suggesting that both forms of plasticity operate via Unc13. Together, while immediate synaptic potentiation capitalizes on available material, it triggers the coincident incorporation of modular release sites to consolidate stable synapse function.
Frost resistance of roller compacted concrete in airport runway subjected to ethylene glycol solution
Authors: Zhang Wuman , Zhang Jingsong , Chen Shuhang 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
Ethylene glycol (EG) solution is a common deicing fluid of the aircrafts. Roller compacted concrete (RCC) used in the runway and the parking apron will be subjected to freeze-thaw cycles in EG solution. The purpose of this study is to find whether RCC can be damaged by the action of freeze-thaw cycles or long-term immersion in EG solution.

Design/methodology/approach
Freeze-thaw cycles test and immersion test in EG solution by weight were used to accelerate the degradation of RCC. A compression test and a three-point bending test were carried out in the laboratory to evaluate mechanical properties of RCC. The changes of microstructure were monitored by using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis.

Findings
The results show that RCC specimens have little weight change in both freeze-thaw cycles test and immersion test. The dynamic modulus of elasticity, the compressive strength and the flexural strength of RCC with 250 freeze-thaw cycles in EG solution are decreased by 4.2, 15 and 39 per cent, respectively. The compressive strength is decreased by 35 per cent after 12 months of immersion in EG solution. Micro-cracks occur and increase with the increase in freeze-thaw cycles and immersion test.

Originality/value
The mass ratio of the elements in the crystal is very close to the proportion of elements in CaC2O4 (C:O:Ca = 1:1.26:1.6). More attention should be paid to using EG in practical engineering because both the freeze-thaw cycles and the complete immersion in EG solution damage the mechanical properties of RCC.
Arts and humanities for executives’ development: aphorisms as a new tool in the management toolbox
Authors: Brunetti Federico , Rossato Chiara , Castellani Paola , Giaretta Elena 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to answer the call for greater humanization of the corporation, introducing aphorisms as a new tool for developing management awareness, creativity, and multiple-perspective mind-set.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper elaborates on a theoretical base to suggest a new tool for management development.

Findings
A firm is not only a technical system but rather a community of people, and due to increasing environmental complexity, humanities can provide managers with great help. In this line of thought, aphorisms are an under-considered literary genre that can prove helpful in humanizing the corporation.

Practical implications
Aphorisms can assist management in several ways: they help to understand what the organization stands for and to focus organizational values; they contribute to define corporate identity to people inside and outside the organization; they favor open-minded examination of problems from multiple perspectives, giving way to unexpected possibilities; and they generate critical dialogue within the management team about strategic decisions.

Originality/value
Although several arts and disciplines have already been considered in management literature, as far as the authors know, this is the first paper attempting to introduce aphorisms in the management toolbox.