bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tailoring Carbon Nanotube Microsphere Architectures with Controlled Porosity
Authors: Zhang Zishuai , Sadeghi Mohammad Amin , Jervis Rhodri , Ye Siyu , Gostick Jeff T. , Barralet Jake E , Merle Geraldine 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNanomaterials are at the core of fuel cell electrodes, providing high‐area catalytic, proton, and electron conducting surfaces, traditionally on carbon black supports. Other carbons, e.g., carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene are less prone to oxidation; however, their handling is not trivial due to health risks associated with their size. Assembling them into microscale structures without jeopardizing their performance is ideal, but there are mass transfer limitations as thickness increases. In this work, a soluble acicular calcium carbonate (aragonite) is used as a porogen to create connected porosity in microspheres. Increasing macroporosity has a considerable positive impact on the mass transfer process. The experimental manipulation of porosity of the microspheres is combined with pore network modeling to better understand how pore distribution throughout the whole microsphere can optimize platinum utilization decorated onto the CNTs. Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity is compared with the prepared composite materials and a commercial Pt/C catalyst for 4 weeks. The composite materials exhibit a highly interconnected network resulting in a 3.4 times higher ORR activity (at 0.9 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode) than that of the nanoporous spheres with no macroporosity.
Fused Cyclopentadithienothiophene Acceptor Enables Ultrahigh Short‐Circuit Current and High Efficiency >11% in As‐Cast Organic Solar Cells
Authors: He Qiao , Shahid Munazza , Wu Jiaying , Jiao Xuechen , Eisner Flurin D. , Hodsden Thomas , Fei Zhuping , Anthopoulos Thomas D. , McNeill Christopher R. , Durrant James R. , Heeney Martin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA new method to synthesize an electron‐rich building block cyclopentadithienothiophene (9H‐thieno‐[3,2‐b]thieno[2″,3″:4′,5′]thieno[2′,3′:3,4]cyclopenta[1,2‐d]thiophene, CDTT) via a facile aromatic extension strategy is reported. By combining CDTT with 1,1‐dicyanomethylene‐3‐indanone endgroups, a promising nonfullerene small molecule acceptor (CDTTIC) is prepared. As‐cast, single‐junction nonfullerene organic solar cells based on PFBDB‐T: CDTTIC blends exhibit very high short‐circuit currents up to 26.2 mA cm−2 in combination with power conversion efficiencies over 11% without any additional processing treatments. The high photocurrent results from the near‐infrared absorption of the CDTTIC acceptor and the well‐intermixed blend morphology of polymer donor PFBDB‐T and CDTTIC. This work demonstrates a useful fused ring extension strategy and promising solar cell results, indicating the great potential of the CDTT derivatives as electron‐rich building blocks for constructing high‐performance small molecule acceptors in organic solar cells.
Synthesis of Joint‐Welded Carbon Nanotube Foam @ Ni(OH)2 Nanosheet‐Based Core–Shell 3D Architecture for Freestanding Flexible Electrode for Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Anwer Shoaib , Bin Ari Ahmed , Bharath G. , Cao Pei , Patole Shashikant P. , Luo Shaohong , Masood Hafiz Tariq , Cantwell Wesley J. , Liao Kin , Li Qingwen , Zheng Lianxi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFreestanding electrode 3D architectures, based on Ni(OH)2 nanosheets grown on a joint‐welded carbon nanotube foam network, are introduced via a unique and facile chemical bath synthesis strategy. As a result of the unique 3D core configuration of nanotubes and the nanostructural shell design of Ni(OH)2 nanosheets, the prepared electrode displays an excellent electrochemical performance. The electrode shows an outstanding specific capacitance of 1272 F g−1 at a scan rate of 2 A g−1, and it even retained a value of 517 F g−1 at a scan rate of 20 A g−1. The excellent electrochemical performance is due to the highly conductive nanotube network and the unique nanostructure of Ni(OH)2 nanosheets, which promote the ion transport in fast speed, while facilitate the charge storage via redox reactions in nanosheets. The large specific capacitance and superior rate performance of core–shell Ni nanosheets, combined with the elasticity of the welded‐nanotube network, render these 3D architectures as promising candidates of freestanding electrodes for high‐performance flexible supercapacitor applications.
3D Printing Ionogel Auxetic Frameworks for Stretchable Sensors
Authors: Wong Jitkanya , Gong Alex T. , Defnet Peter A. , Meabe Leire , Beauchamp Bruce , Sweet Robert M. , Sardon Haritz , Cobb Corie L. , Nelson Alshakim 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIonogels are an emerging class of soft materials that exhibit ionic conductivity and thermal stability without the need to replenish ions or the addition of conductive particle fillers. An ionogel ink is reported for direct‐write 3D printing to fabricate conductive structures that can vary in the printed object geometries. This approach relies on a shear‐thinning ionogel ink that can be extruded to afford self‐supporting constructs. After a brief UV cure, the printed construct is transformed into a mechanically tough, transparent structure that is ionically conductive. Upon application of stretching and twisting loads, the 3D‐printed objects exhibit detectable changes in conductivity. To demonstrate the versatility of rapid prototyping with the ionogel inks, an auxetic structure is 3D printed and tested as a strain sensor. The printed auxetic structure exhibits an electrical response to strain, but also demonstrates increased extensibility and operational range in comparison to a casted bulk film with the same outer dimensions.
Lenz–Majewski syndrome in a patient from Egypt
Authors: Afifi Hanan H. , Abdel‐Hamid Mohamed S. , Mehrez Mennat I. , El‐Kamah Ghada , Abdel‐Salam Ghada M. H. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLenz–Majewski syndrome (LMS) is an extremely rare type of cutis laxa caused by dominant mutations in PTDSS1 gene. We report an Egyptian patient who presented with cutis laxa, brachydactyly, and progeroid features. LMS syndrome was suspected and a previously reported de novo heterozygous missense mutation (c.284G > T, p.R95L) in PTDSS1 was identified. To the best of our knowledge, nine molecularly proven patients with LMS from different ethnicities have been reported. Our patient is the first report from the Middle East and the tenth molecularly proven patient reported to date. His clinical features were in accordance with LMS syndrome. In addition, his hands X‐ray images showed hypoplastic or absent middle and proximal phalanges but sparing the thumbs. This hand patterning was similarly observed before. Further, he had relatively large and convex fingernails. Our report highlights this unique hand patterning and suggests these signs should be considered among the diagnostic criteria of LMS. Further reports of patients with PTDSS1 mutations are necessary to further elucidate the detailed clinical features of LMS syndrome.
Quantum‐Memory‐Assisted Entropic Uncertainty Relations
Authors: Wang Dong , Ming Fei , Hu Ming‐Liang , Ye Liu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractUncertainty relations take a crucial and fundamental part in the frame of quantum theory, and are bringing on many marvelous applications in the emerging field of quantum information sciences. Especially, as entropy is imposed into the uncertainty principle, entropy‐based uncertainty relations lead to a number of applications including quantum key distribution, entanglement witness, quantum steering, quantum metrology, and quantum teleportation. Herein, the history of the development of the uncertainty relations is discussed, especially focusing on the recent progress with regard to quantum‐memory‐assisted entropic uncertainty relations and dynamical characteristics of the measured uncertainty in some explicit physical systems. The aims are to help deepen the understanding of entropic uncertainty relations and prompt further explorations for versatile applications of the relations on achieving practical quantum tasks.
Enantiospecific Desorption Triggered by Circularly Polarized Light
Authors: Mortaheb Farinaz , Oberhofer Katrin , Riemensberger Johann , Ristow Florian , Kienberger Reinhard , Heiz Ulrich , Iglev Hristo , Kartouzian Aras 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe interest in enantioseparation and enantiopurification of chiral molecules has been drastically increasing over the past decades, since these are important steps in various disciplines such as pharmaceutical industry, asymmetric catalysis, and chiral sensing. By exposing racemic samples of BINOL (1,1′‐bi‐2‐naphthol) coated onto achiral glass substrates to circularly polarized light, we unambiguously demonstrate that by controlling the handedness of circularly polarized light, preferential desorption of enantiomers can be achieved. There are currently no mechanisms known that would describe this phenomenon. Our observation together with a simplified phenomenological model suggests that the process of laser desorption needs to be further developed and the contribution of quantum mechanical processes should be revisited to account for these data. Asymmetric laser desorption provides us with a contamination‐free technique for the enantioenrichment of chiral compounds.
Switchable Solvatochromic Probes for Live‐Cell Super‐resolution Imaging of Plasma Membrane Organization
Authors: Danylchuk Dmytro I. , Moon Seonah , Xu Ke , Klymchenko Andrey S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractVisualization of the nanoscale organization of cell membranes remains challenging because of the lack of appropriate fluorescent probes. Herein, we introduce a new design concept for super‐resolution microscopy probes that combines specific membrane targeting, on/off switching, and environment sensing functions. A functionalization strategy for solvatochromic dye Nile Red that improves its photostability is presented. The dye is grafted to a newly developed membrane‐targeting moiety composed of a sulfonate group and an alkyl chain of varied lengths. While the long‐chain probe with strong membrane binding, NR12A, is suitable for conventional microscopy, the short‐chain probe NR4A, owing to the reversible binding, enables first nanoscale cartography of the lipid order exclusively at the surface of live cells. The latter probe reveals the presence of nanoscopic protrusions and invaginations of lower lipid order in plasma membranes, suggesting a subtle connection between membrane morphology and lipid organization.
Prospective cohort study of appendicectomy for treatment of therapy-refractory ulcerative colitis
Authors: Stellingwerf M E , Sahami S , Winter D C , Martin S T , D'Haens G R , Cullen G , Doherty G A , Mulcahy H , Bemelman W A , Buskens C J 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Appendicectomy may reduce relapses and need for medication in patients with ulcerative colitis, but long-term prospective data are lacking. This study aimed to analyse the effect of appendicectomy in patients with refractory ulcerative colitis.

Methods
In this prospective multicentre cohort series, all consecutive patients with refractory ulcerative colitis referred for proctocolectomy between November 2012 and June 2015 were counselled to undergo laparoscopic appendicectomy instead. The primary endpoint was clinical response (reduction of at least 3 points in the partial Mayo score) at 12 months and long-term follow-up. Secondary endpoints included endoscopic remission (endoscopic Mayo score of 1 or less), failure (colectomy or start of experimental medication), and changes in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ) (range 32–224), EQ-5D™ and EORTC-QLQ-C30-QL scores.

Results
A total of 28 patients (13 women; median age 40·5 years) underwent appendicectomy. The mean baseline IBDQ score was 127·0, the EQ-5D™ score was 0·65, and the EORTC-QLQ-C30-QL score was 41·1. At 12 months, 13 patients had a clinical response, five were in endoscopic remission, and nine required a colectomy (6 patients) or started new experimental medical therapy (3). IBDQ, EQ-5D™ and EORTC-QLQ-C30-QL scores improved to 167·1 (P &lt; 0·001), 0·80 (P = 0·003) and 61·0 (P &lt; 0·001) respectively. After a median of 3·7 (range 2·3–5·2) years, a further four patients required a colectomy (2) or new experimental medical therapy (2). Thirteen patients had a clinical response and seven were in endoscopic remission. The improvement in IBDQ, EQ-5D™ and the EORTC-QLQ-C30-QL scores remained stable over time.

Conclusion
Appendicectomy resulted in a clinical response in nearly half of patients with refractory ulcerative colitis and a substantial proportion were in endoscopic remission. Elective appendicectomy should be considered before proctocolectomy in patients with therapy-refractory ulcerative colitis.
Research waste in surgical randomized controlled trials
Authors: Chapman S J , Aldaffaa M , Downey C L , Jayne D G 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Research waste is a major challenge for evidence-based medicine. It implicates misused resources and increased risks for research participants. The aim of this study was to quantify constituent components of waste in surgical RCTs and explore targets for improvement.

Methods
ClinicalTrials.gov was searched for RCTs registered between January 2011 and December 2012 using the keyword ‘surgery’. The primary outcome was research waste, defined as non-publication, inadequate reporting or presence of an avoidable design limitation. Serial systematic searches of PubMed and Scopus databases were performed to determine publication status. Adequacy of reporting was assessed using the CONSORT checklist. Avoidable design limitations were evaluated according to the presence of bias and/or the absence of a cited systematic review of the literature.

Results
Of 5617 registered RCTs, 304 met all eligibility criteria. Overall, 259 of 304 (85·2 per cent) demonstrated at least one feature of waste. Of these, 221 (72·7 per cent) were published in a peer-reviewed journal and 219 were accessible for full-text review. Only 73 of 131 (55·7 per cent) RCTs with a pharmacological intervention and 24 of 88 (27 per cent) with a non-pharmacological intervention were reported adequately, and 159 of 219 (72·6 per cent) demonstrated an avoidable design limitation. Multicentre (odds ratio 0·31, 95 per cent c.i. 0·11 to 0·88) and externally funded (OR 0·35, 0·15 to 0·82) RCTs were less associated with research waste.

Conclusion
This study identified a considerable burden of research waste in surgical RCTs. Future initiatives should target improvements in single-centre, poorly supported RCTs.
Differences between male and female prostates in terms of physiology, sensitivity to chemicals and pathogenesis—A review in a rodent model
Authors: Sanches Bruno D. A. , Carvalho Hernandes F. , Maldarine Juliana S. , Biancardi Manoel F. , Santos Fernanda C. A. , Vilamaior Patricia S. L. , Taboga Sebastião R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe prostate is a gland that is not exclusively present in males, being also found in females of several mammalian species, including humans. There is evidence that the prostate in both sexes is affected by the same pathologies such as prostatitis, benign alterations and even cancer. In view of the difficulties of manipulating the prostate gland, the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus), a rodent species with high incidence of functional prostates in females, is widely used in studies of the female prostate. However, despite knowing much about the similarities between the female and male prostate, little emphasis has been placed on the differences between them. This review investigates the intersex differences in prostate development, physiology and pathogenesis. The female prostate develops earlier than in males and studies indicate that it is more sensitive to oestrogens than the male prostate, as well as being more sensitive to exposure to xenoestrogens, such as Bisphenol A and methylparaben, with a higher susceptibility to benign lesions in the adult and senile prostate than in males. In addition, the female prostate is impacted by pregnancy and the oestrous cycle, and is also dependent on progesterone. The peculiarities of the female prostate raise concerns about the risk of it undergoing neglected changes as a result of environmental chemicals, since safe dosages are established exclusively for the male prostate.
Hashimoto's encephalopathy: Follow‐up data from neuropsychology, lumbar puncture, and FDG‐PET
Authors: Lagström Ronja Maria Birgitta , Østerbye Natascha Nellum , Henriksen Otto Mølby , Høgh Peter 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHashimoto's encephalopathy is a rare disease with nonspecific symptoms, associated with elevated levels of anti‐TPO and/or anti‐TG. It can be potentially fatal. However, it is responsive to steroid and treated in due time, it can be fully reversible.
Shape‐Controlled Synthesis of NiCo2O4‐rGO as Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Zn‐Air Battery
Authors: Li Yao , Cheng Gao , Zhou Zihao , Liao Xiuhong , Han Shengbo , Ye Fei , Sun Ming , Yu Lin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe engineering of morphology and surface structure of electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is an effective strategy to improve their performance. Herein, we synthesized NiCo2O4 catalysts with different shape by controlling the reaction solvent and studied their morphology‐dependent ORR/OER activities by various characterizations and electrochemical measurements. The NiCo2O4 prepared using methanol as solvent displays three‐dimensional (3D) hierarchical structure composed of interconnected nanosheets, and exhibits the best ORR/OER performance (a half‐wave potential of 0.78 V for ORR and an overpotential of 381 mV for OER). When used as catalyst for a rechargeable Zn‐air battery, it possesses a peak power density of 125.3 mW cm−2 with relatively superior durability.
Deracemization in a Complex Quaternary System with a Second‐Order Asymmetric Transformation by Using Phase Diagram Studies
Authors: Oketani Ryusei , Marin Francesco , Tinnemans Paul , Hoquante Marine , Laurent Anne , Brandel Clément , Cardinael Pascal , Meekes Hugo , Vlieg Elias , Geerts Yves , Coquerel Gérard 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA productive deracemization process based on a quaternary phase diagram study of a naphthamide derivative is reported. New racemic compounds of an atropisomeric naphthamide derivative have been discovered, and a quaternary phase diagram has been constructed that indicated that four solids are stable in a methanol/H2O solution. Based on the results of a heterogeneous equilibria study showing the stable domain of the conglomerate, a second‐order asymmetric transformation was achieved with up to 97 % ee. Furthermore, this methodology showcases the chiral separation of a stable racemic compound forming system and does not suffer from any of the typical limitations of deracemization, although application is still limited to conglomerate‐forming systems. We anticipate that this present study will serve as a fundamental model for the design of sophisticated chiral separation processes.
Flexible NO2‐Functionalized N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Monolayers on Au (111) Surface
Authors: Dery Shahar , Kim Suhong , Tomaschun Gabriele , Haddad David , Cossaro Albano , Verdini Alberto , Floreano Luca , Klüner Thorsten , Toste F. Dean , Gross Elad 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe formation of flexible self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) in which an external trigger modifies the geometry of surface‐anchored molecules is essential for the development of functional materials with tunable properties. In this work, it is demonstrated that NO2‐functionalized N‐heterocyclic carbene molecules (NHCs), which were anchored on Au (111) surface, change their orientation from tilted into flat‐lying position following trigger‐induced reduction of their nitro groups. DFT calculations identified that the energetic driving force for reorientation was the lower steric hindrance and stronger interactions between the chemically reduced NHCs and the Au surface. The trigger‐induced changes in the NHCs′ anchoring geometry and chemical functionality modified the work function and the hydrophobicity of the NHC‐decorated Au surface, demonstrating the impact of a chemically tunable NHC‐based SAM on the properties of the metal surface.
Chiral Benzazaborole‐Catalyzed Regioselective Sulfonylation of Unprotected Carbohydrate Derivatives
Authors: Kuwano Satoru , Hosaka Yusei , Arai Takayoshi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractChiral benzazaborole‐catalyzed regioselective sulfonylations of unprotected carbohydrate derivatives have been developed. This methodology enables direct regioselective functionalization of the secondary OH group in carbohydrate in the presence of the primary OH group. By using the chiral organoboron catalysis, kinetic resolution of the carbohydrate derivatives was also achieved.
Peptide‐Driven Targeted Drug‐Delivery System Comprising Turn‐On Near‐Infrared Fluorescent Xanthene–Cyanine Reporter for Real‐Time Monitoring of Drug Release
Authors: Ebaston T. M. , Rozovsky Alex , Zaporozhets Alisa , Bazylevich Andrii , Tuchinsky Helena , Marks Vered , Gellerman Gary , Patsenker Leonid D. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTargeted drug delivery (TDD) is an efficient strategy for cancer treatment. However, the real‐time monitoring of drug delivery is still challenging because of a pronounced lack of TDD systems capable of providing a near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescence signal for the detection of drug‐release events. Herein, a new TDD system, comprising a turn‐on NIR fluorescent reporter attached to an anticancer drug and targeting peptide, is reported. This system provides both TDD and NIR fluorescence monitoring of drug‐release events in target tissue. In this TDD system, a new carboxy‐derivatized xanthene–cyanine (XCy) dye is attached to an anticancer drug, chlorambucil (CLB), through a hydrolytically cleavable ester linker and coupled to a targeting peptide, octreotide amide (OCTA), which is specific to somatostatin receptors SSTR‐2 and STTR‐5 overexpressed on many tumor cells. This OCTA‐G‐XCy‐CLB (G: γ‐aminobutyric acid) conjugate exhibits no detectable fluorescence, whereas, upon the hydrolytic cleavage of the ester linker, a bright NIR fluorescence appears at λ≈710 nm; this signals release of the drug. Real‐time TDD monitoring is demonstrated for the example of the human pancreatic cancer cell line overexpressing SSTR‐2 and STTR‐5, in comparison with the noncancerous Chinese hamster ovary cell line, which contains a reduced number of these receptors.