bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disease mongering in psychiatry: fact or fiction?
Authors: Saddichha S 
Published: September 2018

Disease mongering starts at the top of recent accusations being hurled at psychiatry. It is used to refer to the attempts by pharmaceutical companies or others who have similar interests, to enlarge the market for a treatment by convincing people that they are sick and need medical intervention. This paper critically analyses the 'for' and 'against' arguments of disease mongering in psychiatric disorders, both new and old, such as Bipolar disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Restless legs syndrome, Premenstrual dysphoric disorder, female sexual dysfunction, social phobia, metabolic syndrome and road rage disorder.
Keywords: disease mongeringpharmaceutical companies, psychiatry.
Gefitinib Monotherapy in Advanced non-small-cell Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Shrestha S , Joshi P 
Published: September 2018

Introduction: There is no published data in Nepal regarding the use of gefi tinib in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Therefore, a retrospective analysis was conducted to evaluate the response and toxicity profi le of Gefi tinib alone in patients with advanced NSCLC and unknown epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) status.
Methods: A single institutional retrospective study was conducted for the period from January 2004 to December 2006 involving patients with locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC who received gefi tinib as monotherapy Primary objective was to evaluate the objective tumor response rate.
Results: A total of 36 patients with advanced NSCLC who received gefi tinib 250 mg orally once daily as 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th line treatment in 7, 14, 9, and 6 patients respectively were included in the analysis. Comparable number of patients pertaining to sex, smoking status, and tumor histology were included. The overall response rate at 3 months was 60% including 47% in males and 68% in females. After one month 38% and 6.6% patients with adenocarcinoma and squamous histology respectively responded to gefi tinib therapy. The median progression-free survival was 5.7 months. Toxicities were generally mild with diarrhea, rash and pruritus being the most commonly observed side effects.
Conclusion: In this single-center experience, gefi tinib demonstrated clinically signifi cant response in overall population and provided good palliation in pretreated patients.
Keywords: Advanced stage NSCLCs, EGFR-TKIs, Gefitinib, monotherapy, Nepal.
IN UTERO DIAGNOSIS OF DUODENAL ATRESIA
Authors: Yadav Chandra Mohan , Yadav R P , Krishnanand B R 
Published: September 2018

Duodenal atresia can be fatal unless promptly diagnosed and treated surgically. Death occurs in the newborn secondary to emesis, aspiration, and electrolyte imbalance. Here, we report a case of duodenal atresia diagnosed by ultrasonography at 28 weeks’ gestation.Key Words: Ultrasound, duodenum, atresia.
Carcinoma of Vagina in Utero-Vaginal Prolapse: A Rare Presentation
Authors: Acharya S , Uprety DK 
Published: September 2018

Primary vaginal carcinoma in uterovaginal prolapse is a rare entity. We report a case of an 84-years-old lady, who presented with long standing vaginal ulcer in association with third degree uterovaginal prolapse. Incisional biopsy was taken from the ulcer. Histopathological examination showed a large cell keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma.
Keywords: Squamous cell carcinoma, uterovaginal prolapse, vaginal carcinoma.
What do Reviewers Look for in an Original Research Article?
Authors: Shankar P Ravi 
Published: September 2018

In this article common errors committed by authors especially those, whose first language is not English, while writing an original research articleis described. Avoiding common errors and improving chances of publication has also been covered. This article may resemble instruction to the author. However, tips from reviewer’s eyes has been given.
The abstract is the section of the paper most commonly read and care should be taken while writing this section. Keywordsare usedto retrieve articles following searches and use of words from the MeSH database is recommended.The introduction describes work already conducted in the particular area and briefly mentions how the manuscript will add to the existing knowledge.The methods section describes how the study was conducted, is written in the past tense and is often the first part of the paper to be written. The results describe what was found in the study and is usually written after the methods section.The discussion compares the study with the literature and helps to put the study findings in context. The conclusions should be based on the results of the study. The references should be written strictly according to the journal format. Language should be simple, active voice should be used and jargon avoided. Avoid directly quoting from reference articles and paraphrase these in your own words to avoid plagiarism
Keywords: Original research, publication, reviewer, scientific journals.
Late Complication Due to Placenta Increta Left In Situ and Management Options
Authors: Zulfikir S , Al Bash M , Kakaria A , Gowri V , Saparamandu A , Al Kharusi L 
Published: September 2018

With the rising incidence of caesarean sections, the number of cases of placenta praevia and morbidly adherent placenta is increasing. Antenatal diagnosis and management in a tertiary care centre helps to reduce maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. We present a patient in whom the antenatal diagnosis of morbidly adherent placenta was missed due to late booking. In spite of the conservative approach at the time of caesarean section in the secondary care hospital, the patient presented with delayed complications and a total hysterectomy was performed.
Keywords: adherent placenta, hysterectomy, methotrexate, post partum haemorrhage.
URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS AND PRESSURE SORES AT GREEN PASTURES SPINAL INJURY UNIT
Authors: Herm Friedbert B , Tripathi R B , Altrichter - 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTBetween 46-59% of Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) cases develop Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) and 16-18%develop pressure sores during the first year after the trauma. In a retrospective approach, the occurrence ofUTI and pressure sores at Green Pastures Hospital’s Spinal Injury Unit was studied. Between 1997-2000out of 39 included patients 27 had suffered a thoracic-lumbar, 12 a cervical trauma. Twenty of these( 51.2% ) developed UTI and 7 ( 17.9% ) developed pressure sores during their hospitalization period. Themost commonly organism found in both complications, UTI and pressure sores, was E. coli, followed byProteus in UTI and Staph. aureus in pressure sores. Detected UTI and pressure sores among referredpatients at admission was higher than expected (71.7% and 48.7% respectively). In conclusion, adherenceto a protocol by a multidisciplinary health care team resulted in favourable outcome of patients with SCIadmitted to the rehabilitation unit. This is believed to be an indicator for the need of specialized SCI units.However, also in the studied sample at Green Pastures there was room for further improvement within the expected range.Key Words: Spinal Cord Injury, Urinary Tract Infection, Pressure Sore.
HAEMODIALYSIS IN B. P. KOIRALA INSTITUTE OF HEALTH SCIENCES, DHARAN - AN INITIAL EXPERIENCE
Authors: Sharma Sanjib Kumar , Kumar P , Chapagain A , Koirala S 
Published: September 2018

Dialysis supports life, in spite of complete cessation of renal functions. Haemodialysis(HD) service became available in B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharansince September 1999. Six hundred and sixty one sessions of HD in 50 patients werecarried out in one year. End stage renal disease (ESRD), acute renal failure (ARF),acute on chronic renal failure constituted 54%, 26% and 20% of the patientsrespectively. Majority of the patients (72%) were between 15 to 50 years of age. Chronicglomerulonephritis, chronic interstitial nephritis, and diabetes nephropathy were themost common causes of ESRD. Recovery following HD was 70% in ARF,whileallpatients of acute on chronic renal failure improved following few sessions of HD.Drop out rate on maintained haemodialysis (MHD) was 52%. The increasing demandof dialysis service in this region is difficult to fulfill due to restricted facilities fordialysis, lack of renal transplantation in Nepal, and economic constraint in the part ofpatients. Primary and secondary prevention of renal diseases by community education,awareness and participation needs emphasis. Key Words: Haemodialysis, End stage renal disease, Acute renal failure,Acute on chronic renal failure.
Early Experience of Day Care Surgery in Nepal
Authors: Singh DR , Joshi M R , Koirala U , Shrestha BR , Shrestha S , Gautam B 
Published: September 2018

INTRODUCTION:

The day care laparoscopic cholecystectomy (DCLC) is found to be safe and effective in developed countries. However, it has not been well accepted in our part of the world probably because of lack of infrastructures,established norms and published reports. We have analyzed the safety and feasibility of the procedure in the recently established first dedicated day care surgery centre of the country.
METHODS:
All the patients with American society of anaesthesiologist (ASA) score I and II admitted for laparoscopic cholecystectomy are included. Operation are performed in the morning and closely observed till evening. Patients found to be medically fit to discharge; having a responsible person at home and who can make their own arrangements in case of problems were advised for discharge. Follow up was done by telephone call from next morning.
RESULTS:
Total 35 patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Age range was between 16-65 years and most of them were females (88%). Only 30 patients were operated in early morning and were eligible for day care surgery. 25 (83%) Patients were advised for discharge but only 10 (33%) could make arrangement. Other 15 patients could not go home mainly due to different psychosocial reasons. Only one patient needed readmission and Complications observed were minor and relatively few.
CONCLUSIONS:
Day care laparoscopic cholecystectomy is safe and feasible in our set up. Acceptance of the procedure is expected to increase once it is regularly practiced and awareness in improved.
Keywords: day care, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, surgery, Nepal.
Association of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Hypertensive Subjects with Metabolic Syndrome Defined by Three Different Definitions
Authors: Shrestha R , Jha SC , Khanal M , Gyawali P , Yadav BK , Jha B 
Published: September 2018

Introduction: Different authorities have put forward their criteria to defi ne metabolic syndrome (MetS). The aim of this study was to fi nd the prevalence of MetS in hypertensive individuals by the available three different defi nitions from National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP), International diabetes Federation (IDF) and WHO and their association with other cardiac risk factors.
Methods: After anthropometric measurements fasting blood was analyzed for glucose, lipids, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and anti-oxidized LDL antibody in 150 hypertensive individuals. A ten-year coronary heart disease risk was predicted using the Framingham risk score (FRS).
Results: The prevalence of MetS was 54.7 % by NCEP, 42.0 % by IDF) and 18.7 % by WHO. As many as 63.4 % had MetS by any defi nition, while only 9.4 % fulfi lled all the criteria of the three definitions. The association of cardiac risk factors also varied according to the defi nition used. hsCRP was signifi cantly elevated in MetS compared to non-MetS. Body mass index, waist circumference and HDL-C were associated in MetS defi ned by NCEP and IDF. FRS was higher in MetS defi ned by Adult Treatment Panel and WHO defi nitions. An increase in urine albumin and a decrease in eGFR were associated with MetS individuals defi ned by WHO only.
Conclusions: There is a wide variation in the prevalence of MetS and associated cardiac risk factors according to three different defi nitions used. The different cardiac risk factors among MetS also vary with the defi nitions used. However, hsCRP and emerging risk factor are signifi cantly elevated in hypertensive individuals with MetS as defi ned by all defi nitions.
Keywords: cardiovascular risk factors, hypertension,metabolic syndrome.
Giant Cell Tumor Arising from Anterior Arc of First Rib- A Rare Presentation
Authors: Pandey S , Thakur B , Chhetri P 
Published: September 2018

We report a case of Giant Cell Tumor (GCT) arising from anterior are of first rib along with literature review which was treated with excision of rib through its normal margin along with tumor mass. GCT of rib is rare and if found mostly arises from the posterior aspect. However, GCT should be considered as differential diagnosis when bony mass is present in the anterior are of rib. It poses surgical challenge for excision because of the delicate and vital neurovascular structures passing above it between clavicle and first rib.
Keywords: first rib, giant cell tumor.
March Of Medicine
Authors: Author No 
Published: September 2018

1. Cutaneous Reactions to Antibiotics. Rees. B. Rees. JAMA, 1964, 189: 685.2. The 'Pill' and Thrombosis. Brit. med. J. 1964,2, 1089.3. Sensitivity to Cow's Milk. Heiner D.C., Wilson J.F.& Lahey M.E. JAMA 1964. 189; 563. 4. Deficiency State Associated with Isoniazid therapy. Aspinall D.L. Brit. med. J., 1964.2 1177.5 . Immunological Aspects of Cancer. Woodruff M.F.A. Lancet, 1964,2,265.6. Childhood Thyrotoxicosis. Saxena K.M. Craford J.M., & Talbot N.B. Brit. med. J., 1964,2,1153.7. Stevens-Johnson Syndrome from Long-Acting Sulphonamides. Leading Article, Brit. med. J., 1974,2,1410.
Prospects of Jugular Venous Pulse Assessment
Authors: Bhattarai M D 
Published: September 2018

There is no controversy regarding the current clinical method of examination of waveform of jugular vein pulse. However there are limitations of clinical assessment of central venous pressure by jugular vein pressure measurement from the level of sternal angle. There are variations in the reported distances from sternal angle to right atrium as well as to upper limit of JVP. In erect position, anterior end of fourth intercostal space is at about the level of mid-right atrium. In patients with visible JVP at neck in erect position, measurement of CVP can be done more accurately directly from the anterior end of fourth intercostal space. For others, the position of mid-right atrium can be marked in lateral chest wall first in erect position at the mid-point of an anteroposterior line from anterior end of fourth intercostal space to back. Subsequently in reclining position, the vertical height of venous pressure can be measured from the horizontal plane of the midpoint marked at lateral chest wall to visible upper limit of JVP. Such measurement can be done in a more reliable way with venous pressure (VP) manometer with its indicator rod at the horizontal plane of mid-right atrium and with its horizontal surface at upper limit of JVP. The venous pressure manometer can also be used to measure relatively less reliable upper limb venous pressure (ULVP), as indicated by the vertical distance at which veins of upper limb collapse, especially when JVP is not visualized due to subnormal CVP as in hypovolemia.
Keywords: CVP, JVP, right atrium, sternal angle, upper limp venous pressure, venous pressure, venous pressure manometer
Treatment provider’s role: Preparing students to return to school
Authors: Hennen Bob V 
Published: September 2018

With the continuous growth of the collegiate recovery movement, treatment providers are considering a return to school a viable option for people in early recovery and it is often the goal of the student to return to school as quickly as possible following treatment. The barriers to and skills needed for recovery maintenance and school completion are interconnected and should be addressed simultaneously in treatment with students planning to return to school. This presentation is designed to address the treatment provider’s role in preparing a student to return to school by exploring methods to assess for developmental barriers and resources and build skills for both substance use recovery maintenance and the successful navigation of higher education.
The Challenge of Oral History to Environmental History
Authors: Williams Brian , Riley Mark 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Oral history has much to offer environmental history, yet the possibilities and promises of oral history remain underutilised in environmental history and environmental studies more broadly. Through a reflection on work in environmental history and associated disciplines, this paper presents a case for the strength and versatility of oral history as a key source for environmental history, while reflecting on questions of its reliability and scope. We identify three major insights provided by environmental oral history: into environmental knowledge, practices and power. We argue that, rather than being a weakness, the (inter)subjective and experiential dimensions of oral accounts provide a rich source for situating and interrogating environmental practices, meanings, and power relations. Oral history, moreover, provides a counterweight to a reliance on colonial archives and top-down environmental accounts, and can facilitate a renewal - and deepening - of the radical roots of environmental history. Furthermore, as a research practice, oral history is a promising means of expanding the participatory and grassroots engagement of environmental history. By decentring environmental expertise and eroding the boundaries (both fictive and real) of environmental knowledge production, oral environmental histories can provide key interventions in pursuit of a more just, sustainable world.
Considering Relationship of Proteins for Radiotherapy Prognosis of Bladder Cancer Cells in Small Data Set
Authors: Tsai Tung-I , Zhang Yaofeng , Chao Gy-Yi , Tsai Cheng-Chieh , Zhang Zhigang 
Published: September 2018

Summary
Background: Radiotherapy has serious side effects and thus requires prudent and cautious evaluation. However, obtaining protein expression profiles is expensive and timeconsuming, making it necessary to develop a theoretical and rational procedure for predicting the radiotherapy outcome for bladder cancer when working with limited data.
Objective: A procedure for estimating the performance of radiotherapy is proposed in this research. The population domain (range of the population) of proteins and the relationships among proteins are considered to increase prediction accuracy.
Methods: This research uses modified extreme value theory (MEVT), which is used to estimate the population domain of proteins, and correlation coefficients and prediction intervals to overcome the lack of knowledge regarding relationships among proteins.
Results: When the size of the training data set was 5 samples, the mean absolute percentage error rate (MAPE) was 31.6200%; MAPE fell to 13.5505% when the number of samples was increased to 30. The standard deviation (SD) of forecasting error fell from 3.0609% for 5 samples to 1.2415% for 30 samples. These results show that the proposed procedure yields accurate and stable results, and is suitable for use with small data sets.
Conclusions: The results show that considering the relationships among proteins is necessary when predicting the outcome of radiotherapy.
Learning to Detect Cognitive Impairment through Digital Games and Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Pérez-Rodriguez Roberto , Fernandez-Iglesias J. Manuel , Anido-Rifón Luis , Facal David , Rivas-Costa Carlos , Valladares-Rodriguez Sonia 
Published: September 2018

Summary
Objective: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent diseases among the adult population. The early detection of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), which may trigger AD, is essential to slow down the cognitive decline process.
Methods: This paper presents a suit of serious games that aims at detecting AD and MCI overcoming the limitations of traditional tests, as they are time-consuming, affected by confounding factors that distort the result and usually administered when symptoms are evident and it is too late for preventive measures. The battery, named Panoramix, assesses the main early cognitive markers (i.e., memory, executive functions, attention and gnosias). Regarding its validation, it has been tested with a cohort study of 16 seniors, including AD, MCI and healthy individuals.
Results: This first pilot study offered initial evidence about psychometric validity, and more specifically about construct, criterion and external validity. After an analysis using machine learning techniques, findings show a promising 100% rate of success in classification abilities using a subset of three games in the battery. Thus, results are encouraging as all healthy subjects were correctly discriminated from those already suffering AD or MCI.
Conclusions: The solid potential of digital serious games and machine learning for the early detection of dementia processes is demonstrated. Such a promising performance encourages further research to eventually introduce this technique for the clinical diagnosis of cognitive impairment.
Prediction of Sepsis and In-Hospital Mortality Using Electronic Health Records
Authors: Tansakul Varisara , Li Xueping , Koszalinski Rebecca , Paiva William , Khojandi Anahita 
Published: September 2018

Summary
Objectives: Our goal was to develop predictive models for sepsis and in-hospital mortality using electronic health records (EHRs). We showcased the efficiency of these algorithms in patients diagnosed with pneumonia, a group that is highly susceptible to sepsis.
Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the Health Facts® (HF) dataset to develop models to predict mortality and sepsis using the data from the first few hours after admission. In addition, we developed models to predict sepsis using the data collected in the last few hours leading to sepsis onset. We used the random forest classifier to develop the models.
Results: The data collected in the EHR system is generally sporadic, making feature extraction and selection difficult, affecting the accuracies of the models. Despite this fact, the developed models can predict sepsis and in-hospital mortality with accuracies of up to 65.26±0.33% and 68.64±0.48%, and sensitivities of up to 67.24±0.36% and 74.00±1.22%, respectively, using only the data from the first 12 hours after admission. The accuracies generally remain consistent for similar models developed using the data from the first 24 and 48 hours after admission. Lastly, the developed models can accurately predict sepsis patients (with up to 98.63±0.17% accuracy and 99.74%±0.13% sensitivity) using the data collected within the last 12 hours before sepsis onset. The results suggest that if such algorithms continuously monitor patients, they can identify sepsis patients in a manner comparable to current screening tools, such as the rulebased Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) criteria, while often allowing for early detection of sepsis shortly after admission.
Conclusions: The developed models showed promise in early prediction of sepsis, providing an opportunity for directing early intervention efforts to prevent/treat sepsis.