bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The X-Ray Light Curve in GRB 170714A: Evidence for a Quark Star?
Authors: Hou Shu-Jin , Liu Tong , Xu Ren-Xin , Mu Hui-Jun , Song Cui-Ying , Lin Da-Bin , Gu Wei-Min 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Two plateaus and a following bump in the X-ray light curve of GRB 170714A have been detected by the Swift/X-ray Telescope, which could be very significant for the central engine of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), implying that the origin of this burst might be different from those of other ultra-long GRBs. We propose that merging two neutron stars into a hyper-massive quark star (QS) and then collapsing into a black hole (BH), with a delay time around 104 s, could be responsible for these X-ray components. The hyper-massive QS is initially in a fluid state, being turbulent and differentially rotating, but would solidify and release its latent heat, injecting it into the GRB fireball (lasting about 103 s during the liquid–solid phase transition). A magnetic field as high as ∼1015 G can be created by dynamo action of the newborn liquid QS, and a magnetar-like central engine (after solidification) supplies significant energy for the second plateau. More energy could be released during a fall-back accretion after the post-merger QS collapses to a BH, and the X-ray bump forms. This post-merger QS model could be tested by future observations, with either advanced gravitational wave detectors (e.g., advanced LIGO and VIRGO) or X-ray/optical telescopes.
Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence in the Plasmoid-mediated Regime
Authors: Comisso L. , Huang Y.-M. , Lingam M. , Hirvijoki E. , Bhattacharjee A. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Magnetohydrodynamic turbulence and magnetic reconnection are ubiquitous in astrophysical environments. In most situations these processes do not occur in isolation but interact with each other. This renders a comprehensive theory of these processes highly challenging. Here we propose a theory of magnetohydrodynamic turbulence driven at a large scale that self-consistently accounts for the mutual interplay with magnetic reconnection occurring at smaller scales. Magnetic reconnection produces plasmoids (flux ropes) that grow from turbulence-generated noise and eventually disrupt the sheet-like structures in which they are born. The disruption of these structures leads to a modification of the turbulent energy cascade, which in turn exerts a feedback effect on the plasmoid formation via the turbulence-generated noise. The energy spectrum in this plasmoid-mediated range steepens relative to the standard inertial range and does not follow a simple power law. As a result of the complex interplay between turbulence and reconnection, we also find that the length scale that marks the beginning of the plasmoid-mediated range and the dissipation length scale do not obey true power laws. The transitional magnetic Reynolds number above which the plasmoid formation becomes statistically significant enough to affect the turbulent cascade is fairly modest, implying that plasmoids are expected to modify the turbulent path to dissipation in many astrophysical systems.
Detection of Crohn Disease in Patients with Spondyloarthropathy: The SpACE Capsule Study
Authors: Kopylov Uri , Starr Michael , Watts Craig , Dionne Serge , Girardin Marc , Seidman Ernest G. 
Published: February 2018

Objective.Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is generally reported to be associated with spondylarthropathies (SpA) in 5%–15% of cases. Systematic colonoscopic assessment by protocol demonstrated mucosal inflammation characteristic of Crohn disease (CD) in up to one-third of patients with SpA. Video capsule endoscopy (CE) is a superior diagnostic tool to detect small bowel mucosal disease. Our study compared the accuracy of CE to standard colonoscopy for detection of inflammatory bowel lesions in patients with SpA, and to describe predictors of small bowel inflammation (SBI) in this cohort.Methods.Prospective cross-sectional study of adult patients followed for SpA. Patients were evaluated by CE and standard colonoscopy with biopsies. SBI was quantified using the Lewis Score. Additional screening tests included fecal calprotectin (FCP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and a diagnostic panel of serologic, inflammatory and genetic tests (SGI).Results.There were 64 patients recruited (53% female, mean age 42 ± 13 yrs). Chronic gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms were present in 57%. CE revealed significant SBI in 27/64 (42.2%), compared to 7/64 (10.9%) by standard colonoscopy (p = 0.035). Elevated FCP was associated with small bowel CD (OR 4.5, 95% CI 1.01–19.9; p = 0.042). No correlation was observed with presence of GI symptoms, CRP, or SGI results. Finding CD led to a change in management in 65.2% of cases.Conclusion.CE uncovered SBI consistent with CD in 42.2% of patients with SpA, with a significant incremental yield over colonoscopy of 31%. FCP levels were significantly correlated with CE results, while GI symptoms and SGI results were poor predictors of SBI.
Diffusion-weighted Imaging Is a Sensitive and Specific Magnetic Resonance Sequence in the Diagnosis of Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Bradbury Linda A. , Hollis Kelly A. , Gautier Benoît , Shankaranarayana Sateesh , Robinson Philip C. , Saad Nivene , Lê Cao Kim-Anh , Brown Matthew A. 
Published: February 2018

Objective.We tested the discriminatory capacity of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) and its potential as an objective measure of treatment response to tumor necrosis factor inhibition in ankylosing spondylitis (AS).Methods.Three cohorts were studied prospectively: (1) 18 AS patients with Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index > 4, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate > 25 and/or C-reactive protein > 10 meeting the modified New York criteria for AS; (2) 20 cases of nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA) as defined by the Assessment of Spondyloarthritis international Society (ASAS) criteria; and (3) 20 non-AS patients with chronic low back pain, aged between 18 and 45 years, who did not meet the imaging arm of the ASAS criteria for axSpA. Group 1 patients were studied prior to and following adalimumab treatment. Patients were assessed by DWI and conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and standard nonimaging measures.Results.At baseline, in contrast to standard nonimaging measures, DWI apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values showed good discriminatory performance [area under the curve (AUC) > 80% for Group 1 or 2 compared with Group 3]. DWI ADC values were significantly lower posttreatment (0.45 ± 0.433 before, 0.154 ± 0.23 after, p = 0.0017), but had modest discriminating capacity comparing pre– and posttreatment measures (AUC = 68%). This performance was similar to the manual Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC) scoring system.Conclusion.DWI is informative for diagnosis of AS and nr-axSpA, and has moderate utility in assessment of disease activity or treatment response, with performance similar to that of the SPARCC MRI score.
La citoyenneté fragmentée
Authors: Shafei Bilal 
Published: February 2018

Ce texte montre d’abord la complexité des images mentales véhiculées au Proche-Orient par les termes : citoyenneté, citoyen et laïcité ; puis leur influence sur la vie des Palestiniens à travers 50 ans de changements progressifs ; enfin le rôle de la religion dans ces transmutations. Nous élaborons finalement une nouvelle approche de ces concepts, basée sur le respect de la diversité ethnique, sociale, culturelle et religieuse des peuples de la région.
Citoyenneté et religion : une perspective britannique
Authors: Storrie Tom 
Published: February 2018

Pour discuter la double problématique de citoyenneté et religion, l’auteur pose un regard rétrospectif sur son trajet de vie depuis les années 1930 ; il indique les événements qui lui semblent personnellement pertinents, en évoquant des phénomènes britanniques, culturels et historiques. Il identifie deux phases : d’abord le mouvement lent de dilution de l’hégémonie chrétienne qui, à partir de la Deuxième Guerre mondiale, a fait place à la modernisation industrielle, aux nouvelles politiques des droits humains et aux mouvements socio-culturels comme l’anti-sexisme, l’antiracisme et le féminisme ; ils donnent naissance à une nouvelle citoyenneté modernisante qui s’étend au-delà des frontières des États-nations et embrasse l’Union européenne. Deuxièmement, l’irruption de l’affaire Salman Rushdie a annoncé le retour des religions fondamentalistes et agressives au centre des tensions socio-politico-culturelles au niveau global. Les religions ont leur place dans l’espace public, mais dans un cadre étatique laïque.
Laïcité(s) et démocratie : entre liberté de conscience et émancipation
Authors: Michon Bruno 
Published: February 2018

L’auteur aborde les relations entre laïcité et démocratie à partir d’une définition sociologique de la laïcité. Cette définition applique le concept de laïcité à une pluralité de contextes nationaux. L’auteur illustre ce concept à l’aide d’une enquête réalisée auprès d’adolescents français et allemands, portant entre autres sur leurs représentations de l’islam et plus spécifiquement du foulard islamique. L’auteur distingue quatre conceptions différentes de la laïcité : la première est tournée vers la liberté de conscience, la seconde vers l’émancipation ; la troisième est culturelle et la dernière théologique. Chacune de ces conceptions détermine un rapport particulier entretenu entre la laïcité et la démocratie.
« C’est la culture, idiot ! ». Les cultures empêchent d’échapper à leur emprise
Authors: Storrie Tom 
Published: February 2018

Cette contribution affirme la primauté du séculier, ou de la laïcité, sur la théocratie. Elle attire l’attention sur le pouvoir énorme exercé par les cultures sur les communautés, pour maintenir le « sens commun » sous la coupe de leurs hégémonies. Dans le Royaume-Uni, la difficulté à surmonter cette inertie culturelle est démontrée par le développement aveugle et lent résultant de la Réforme protestante. Ce mouvement était au début une « théologie de la libération », déclenchée par Martin Luther qui – comme premier « lanceur d’alerte » global – a défié la corruption de l’Église catholique. Seule corporation multinationale existant à cette époque, elle exerçait un monopole de contrôle à travers l’Europe, pénétrant profondément et avec malveillance dans la vie quotidienne. La conclusion pose la question : l’islam est-il sur le point de s’engager dans une « théologie de la libération » qui lui soit propre ?
Human resource management outsourcing in Spanish firms: Evolution over time and implication for devolution
Authors: Gottardello Debora , Valverde Mireia 
Published: February 2018

Purpose: The paper aim to explore the evolution in the use of HRO in Spanish firms, and determine the differences in the degree of implementation of HRO since 1999 until 2014, and also analyze the relationship between HR outsourcing and devolution of HR responsibilities to line managers in Spanish organizations.Design/methodology/approach: This paper combines quantitative and qualitative methods. Namely the article is based on international Cranet HRM survey data collected from private and public organizations and also interviews with HR external providers.Findings: The analysis of developments, based on the Cranet surveys and interviews with HR external providers shows that during the past few years there has been an increasing use of HRO in parallel with the tendency to devolve more HR responsibility to line managers.Research limitations/implications: The main limitation of this research is the limitation of data about reasons for devolution that the CRANET questionnaire provides. However, the interviews carried out enrich the survey data with qualitative results.Practical implications: The findings can be used to guide management teams in outsourcing and devolution decisions to maximize benefits to their organizations.Originality/value: This paper is about the evolution of HRO in Spain as a European Union country where published research on HRO and also its implications is relatively limited. The originality of this paper is mainly the involvement of line manager in the outsourcing process which have been poorly analyzed until now.
Special Issue: VII Congrés Català de Comptabilitat i Direcció
Authors: Rabaseda Joaquim 
Published: February 2018

Com ja va essent costum, acudim a la invitació de la Revista Intangible Capital per a publicar els treballs més significatius presentats a les sessions celebrades dins la trobada professional i acadèmica que organitza l’Associació Catalana de Comptabilitat i Direcció (ACCID).En aquest cas, s’han seleccionat un total de 13 treballs, tots ells originals, que corresponen al VII Congrés Català de Comptabilitat i Direcció, que es va celebrar a Barcelona els dies 8 i 9 del mes de juny de 2017.Els articles que segueixen corresponen a diferents temàtiques i provenen d’autors de diverses procedències, que sobrepassen els àmbits català i espanyol. En tots els casos són treballs presentats per més d’un autor, fet que posa de relleu que són fruit d’una activitat feta en col·laboració.També s’hi pot trobar diferents metodologies emprades, d’acord amb el propòsit perseguit en cada cas.
Trendi pretokov rek v slovenskih Alpah med letoma 1961 in 2010 // River discharge trends in Slovenian Alps between 1961 and 2010
Authors: Hrvatin Mauro , Zorn Matija 
Published: February 2018

V prispevku obravnavamo trende letnih pretokov rek, ki imajo povirja v slovenskem visokogorju. Obravnavane so reke: Soča, Koritnica, Tolminka, Mostnica, Sava Bohinjka, Sava Dolinka, Radovna, Tržiška Bistrica, Kokra, Kamniška Bistrica, Savinja in Meža. Pretoki so v največji meri posledica podnebnega dogajanja, zato spremembe trendov pretokov povezujemo s podnebnimi spremembami. Te se kažejo v manjši letni količini padavin ter rasti povprečne letne temperature. Ne smemo pa pri spremenljivosti vodnih razmer pozabiti na človeka, ki lahko s spremembami rabe tal močno vpliva na površinski odtok padavin. Rezultati kažejo, da povprečni srednji letni pretoki na vseh obravnavanih rekah podajo, pri večini rek pa padajo tudi absolutni minimalni in absolutni maksimalni pretoki. Poleg tega beležimo spremembe v pretočnih režimih, pri katerih postajata spomladanski (glavni) in jesenski (drugotni) pretočni višek vse bolj izenačena, zimski (glavni) in poletni (drugotni) pretočni nižek pa vse bolj izrazita. V prispevku obravnavamo trende letnih pretokov rek, ki imajo povirja v slovenskem visokogorju. Obravnavane so reke: Soča, Koritnica, Tolminka, Mostnica, Sava Bohinjka, Sava Dolinka, Radovna, Tržiška Bistrica, Kokra, Kamniška Bistrica, Savinja in Meža. Pretoki so v največji meri posledica podnebnega dogajanja, zato spremembe trendov pretokov povezujemo s podnebnimi spremembami. Te se kažejo v manjši letni količini padavin ter rasti povprečne letne temperature. Ne smemo pa pri spremenljivosti vodnih razmer pozabiti na človeka, ki lahko s premembami rabe tal močno vpliva na površinski odtok padavin. Rezultati kažejo, da povprečni srednji letni pretoki na vseh obravnavanih rekah podajo, pri večini rek pa padajo tudi absolutni minimalni in absolutni maksimalni pretoki. Poleg tega beležimo spremembe v pretočnih režimih, pri katerih postajata spomladanski (glavni) in jesenski (drugotni) pretočni višek vse bolj izenačena, zimski (glavni) in poletni (drugotni) pretočni nižek pa vse bolj izrazita.
The PI3Kδ-Selective Inhibitor Idelalisib Minimally Interferes with Immune Effector Function Mediated by Rituximab or Obinutuzumab and Significantly Augments B Cell Depletion In Vivo
Authors: Palazzo Adam , Herter Sylvia , Grosmaire Laura , Jones Randy , Frey Christian R. , Limani Florian , Bacac Marina , Umana Pablo , Oldham Robert J. , Marshall Michael J. E. , Cox Kerry L. , Turaj Anna H. , Cragg Mark S. , Klein Christian , Carter Matthew J. , Tannheimer Stacey 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Idelalisib is a highly selective oral inhibitor of PI3Kδ indicated for the treatment of patients with relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia in combination with rituximab. Despite additive clinical effects, previous studies have paradoxically demonstrated that targeted therapies potentially negatively affect anti-CD20 mAb effector mechanisms. To address these potential effects, we investigated the impact of PI3Kδ inhibition by idelalisib on the effector mechanisms of rituximab and obinutuzumab. At clinically relevant concentrations, idelalisib minimally influenced rituximab- and obinutuzumab-mediated Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and phagocytosis on human lymphoma cell lines, while maintaining the superiority of obinutuzumab-mediated Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Consistent with this, idelalisib did not influence obinutuzumab-mediated B cell depletion in whole-blood B cell–depletion assays. Further, idelalisib significantly enhanced obinutuzumab-mediated direct cell death of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. In murine systems, in vivo inhibition of PI3Kδ minimally interfered with maximal rituximab- or obinutuzumab-mediated depletion of leukemic targets. In addition, the duration of rituximab- and obinutuzumab-mediated depletion of leukemia cells was extended by combination with PI3Kδ inhibition. Collectively, these data demonstrate that PI3Kδ inhibition does not significantly affect the effector mechanisms induced by rituximab or obinutuzumab and provides an effective in vivo therapeutic combination. Therefore, combinations of obinutuzumab and idelalisib are currently being assessed in clinical studies.
IL-12+IL-18 Cosignaling in Human Macrophages and Lung Epithelial Cells Activates Cathelicidin and Autophagy, Inhibiting Intracellular Mycobacterial Growth
Authors: Yang Rui , Yang Enzhuo , Shen Ling , Modlin Robert L. , Shen Hongbo , Chen Zheng W. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe ability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to block host antimicrobial responses in infected cells provides a key mechanism for disease pathogenesis. The immune system has evolved to overcome this blockade to restrict the infection, but it is not clear whether two key innate cytokines (IL-12/IL-18) involved in host defense can enhance antimycobacterial mechanisms. In this study, we demonstrated that the combination of IL-12 and IL-18 triggered an antimicrobial response against mycobacteria in infected macrophages (THP-1 and human primary monocyte-derived macrophages) and pulmonary epithelial A549 cells. The inhibition of intracellular bacterial growth required p38–MAPK and STAT4 pathways, the vitamin D receptor, the vitamin D receptor–derived antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin, and autophagy, but not caspase-mediated apoptosis. Finally, the ability of IL-12+IL-18 to activate an innate antimicrobial response in human primary macrophages was dependent on the autonomous production of IFN-γ and the CAMP/autophagy pathway. Together, these data suggest that IL-12+IL-18 cosignaling can trigger the antimicrobial protein cathelicidin and autophagy, resulting in inhibition of intracellular mycobacteria in macrophages and lung epithelial cells.
Elevated Expression of IL-33 and TSLP in the Airways of Human Asthmatics In Vivo: A Potential Biomarker of Severe Refractory Disease
Authors: Li Yan , Wang Wei , Lv Zhe , Li Yun , Chen Yan , Huang Kewu , Corrigan Chris J. , Ying Sun 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The epithelial cytokines IL-33, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), and IL-25 have been implicated in asthma pathogenesis because they promote Th2-type cytokine synthesis, but their expression is relatively poorly documented in “real-life” human asthma. Using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), we measured airway concentrations of these mediators and compared them with those of Th1- and Th2-type cytokines, airway infiltration of neutrophils and eosinophils, and lung function in a large group of asthmatic patients with a range of disease severity (n = 70) and control subjects (n = 30). The median BALF concentrations of IL-33, TSLP, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-12p70, but not IL-25, IL-2, or IFN-γ, were significantly elevated in asthmatics compared with controls (p &lt; 0.05). The concentrations of IL-33 and TSLP, but not IL-25, correlated inversely with the lung function (forced expiratory volume in the first second) of asthmatics (IL-33: r = −0.488, p &lt; 0.0001; TSLP: r = −0.565, p &lt; 0.0001) independently of corticosteroid therapy. When divided according to disease severity and corticosteroid therapy, all subgroups of asthmatics had elevated median numbers of eosinophils in BALF, whereas the patients with more severe disease who were treated with corticosteroids had higher numbers of neutrophils compared with milder asthmatics not so treated and control subjects (p &lt; 0.05). The data implicate TSLP and IL-33 in the pathogenesis of asthma that is characterized by persistent airway inflammation and impaired lung function despite intensive corticosteroid therapy, highlighting them as potential molecular targets.
A Special Case of Completion Invariance for thec2Invariant of a Graph
Authors: Yeats Karen 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThec2invariant is an arithmetic graph invariant defined by Schnetz. It is useful for understanding Feynman periods. Brown and Schnetz conjectured that thec2invariant has a particular symmetry known as completion invariance. This paper will prove completion invariance of thec2invariant in the case where we are over the field with 2 elements and the completed graph has an odd number of vertices. The methods involve enumerating certain edge bipartitions of graphs; two different constructions are needed.
Characterization of smoke and dust episode over West Africa: comparison of MERRA-2 modeling with multiwavelength Mie–Raman lidar observations
Authors: Veselovskii Igor , Goloub Philippe , Podvin Thierry , Tanre Didier , da Silva Arlindo , Colarco Peter , Castellanos Patricia , Korenskiy Mikhail , Hu Qiaoyun , Whiteman David N. , Pérez-Ramírez Daniel , Augustin Patrick , Fourmentin Marc , Kolgotin Alexei 
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Observations of multiwavelength Mie–Raman lidar taken during the SHADOW field campaign are used to analyze a smoke–dust episode over West Africa on 24–27 December 2015. For the case considered, the dust layer extended from the ground up to approximately 2000 m while the elevated smoke layer occurred in the 2500–4000 m range. The profiles of lidar measured backscattering, extinction coefficients, and depolarization ratios are compared with the vertical distribution of aerosol parameters provided by the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2). The MERRA-2 model simulated the correct location of the near-surface dust and elevated smoke layers. The values of modeled and observed aerosol extinction coefficients at both 355 and 532 nm are also rather close. In particular, for the episode reported, the mean value of difference between the measured and modeled extinction coefficients at 355 nm is 0.01 km−1 with SD of 0.042 km−1. The model predicts significant concentration of dust particles inside the elevated smoke layer, which is supported by an increased depolarization ratio of 15 % observed in the center of this layer. The modeled at 355 nm the lidar ratio of 65 sr in the near-surface dust layer is close to the observed value (70 ± 10) sr. At 532 nm, however, the simulated lidar ratio (about 40 sr) is lower than measurements (55 ± 8 sr). The results presented demonstrate that the lidar and model data are complimentary and the synergy of observations and models is a key to improve the aerosols characterization.