bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Refractive Outcomes After Femtosecond Laser–Assisted Cataract Surgery in Eyes With Anterior Chamber Phakic Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Steinwender Gernot , Shajari Mehdi , Kohnen Thomas 
Published: May 2018

PURPOSE:
To report the efficacy, predictability, and safety of femtosecond laser–assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) in eyes with anterior chamber phakic intraocular lenses (IOLs).

METHODS:
This retrospective case series included eyes with previous implantation of an angle-supported and an iris-fixated phakic IOL for the correction of myopia that underwent a combined procedure of phakic IOL ex-plantation and FLACS with in-the-bag implantation of a posterior chamber IOL. Postoperative corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), predictability of refractive outcome, and occurrence of intraoperative and postoperative complications were analyzed.

RESULTS:

Ten eyes of 7 patients with significant cataract were included: 5 eyes with an angle-supported foldable hydrophobic phakic IOL, 4 eyes with an angle-supported polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) phakic IOL, and 1 eye with an iris-fixated PMMA phakic IOL. Mean follow-up after FLACS was 8.4 ± 5.8 months. Mean interval between phakic IOL implantation and FLACS was 11.9 ± 4.0 years. After the combined procedure of phakic IOL explantation and FLACS, mean manifest refractive spherical equivalent (MRSE) was −0.11 ± 0.49 diopters (D) and MRSE was within ± 0.75 D of target refraction in all eyes. Four eyes received a toric posterior chamber IOL after phacoemulsification. Mean preoperative CDVA of 0.40 ± 0.23 logMAR improved significantly to 0.22 ± 0.11 logMAR postoperatively (
P
= .027). No intraoperative or postoperative complications occurred.

CONCLUSIONS:
The results in this series showed that FLACS in eyes with previous implantation of both rigid and foldable anterior chamber phakic IOLs offers good refractive outcomes with a high level of predictability and safety.

[
J Refract Surg.
2018;34(5):338–342.]
Bilateral, Asymmetric Keratoconus Induced by Thyrotoxicosis With Long-term Stability After Corneal Cross-linking
Authors: Lee Ramon , El-Massry Ahmed , El-Massry Youssef , Randleman J. Bradley 
Published: May 2018

PURPOSE:
To present a case of bilateral, asymmetric keratoconus presenting unilaterally after partial thyroidectomy with delayed presentation in the second eye after thyrotoxicosis, with disease stabilization following corneal cross-linking (CXL).

METHODS:
Case report and literature review.

RESULTS:
A 17-year-old girl with a history of Graves' disease underwent partial thyroidectomy without thyroid hormone replacement therapy with normal baseline ophthalmic examination of corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) of 20/20 and no manifest astigmatism in either eye. At age 29 years, keratoconus manifested in the right eye and standard protocol CXL was performed. At age 40 years, the right eye remained stable after CXL, but keratoconus manifested in the left eye and epithelium-off accelerated CXL was performed with subsequent disease stabilization.

CONCLUSIONS:
This case demonstrates the association between thyrotoxicosis and keratoconus and the bilateral nature of keratoconus, and highlights the potentially asymmetric presentation of thyroid-induced keratoconus. CXL had a long-term stabilizing effect over 10 years despite the ongoing effects of thyroid gland dysfunction.

[
J Refract Surg.
2018;34(5):354–356.]
Flow Cytometry Data Preparation Guidelines for Improved Automated Phenotypic Analysis
Authors: Jimenez-Carretero Daniel , Ligos José M. , Martínez-López María , Sancho David , Montoya María C. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Advances in flow cytometry (FCM) increasingly demand adoption of computational analysis tools to tackle the ever-growing data dimensionality. In this study, we tested different data input modes to evaluate how cytometry acquisition configuration and data compensation procedures affect the performance of unsupervised phenotyping tools. An analysis workflow was set up and tested for the detection of changes in reference bead subsets and in a rare subpopulation of murine lymph node CD103+ dendritic cells acquired by conventional or spectral cytometry. Raw spectral data or pseudospectral data acquired with the full set of available detectors by conventional cytometry consistently outperformed datasets acquired and compensated according to FCM standards. Our results thus challenge the paradigm of one-fluorochrome/one-parameter acquisition in FCM for unsupervised cluster-based analysis. Instead, we propose to configure instrument acquisition to use all available fluorescence detectors and to avoid integration and compensation procedures, thereby using raw spectral or pseudospectral data for improved automated phenotypic analysis.
Customer experiences and return patronage in airport hotels: Evidence from OR Tambo International Airport, South Africa
Authors: Mhlanga Oswald 
Published: May 2018

Orientation: Although OR Tambo International Airport is the busiest airport in Africa, hotel occupancies and revenue per available room at or near the airport have been lower than the industry average.Research purpose: The aim of this research was to gain an improved understanding of customer experiences and return intentions in hotels at or near OR Tambo International Airport.Motivation for the study: The research was pursued to determine hotel attributes that are important for customer experiences and return intentions in hotels at or near OR Tambo International Airport. To determine the difference in domestic visitors’ experiences and return intentions in hotels and to determine a difference in customers’ experiences and return intentions in the respective hotels.Research design, approach and method: This study was mainly quantitative with some qualitative elements. A meeting was held with five hoteliers and airport management (qualitative), and 400 return guests of hotels at or near OR Tambo International Airport successfully completed questionnaires (quantitative).Main findings: The findings showed that ‘reliability’, ‘empathy’ and ‘assurance’ are important attributes contributing to customers’ experiences in hotels at or near airports. Reliability and overall hotel experience were regarded as important attributes for hotel customers’ decision to return to hotels in airports.Practical/managerial implications: To improve customer experiences, hoteliers should emphasise more the following attributes: ‘reliability’, ‘empathy’ and ‘assurance’.Contribution/value-add: To the best of the researchers’ knowledge, this study is a first attempt to determine customer experiences and return patronage in hotels at or near airports in South Africa. The results could help airport hotels to gain a competitive advantage over other hotel categories.
The chief executive officer pay–performance relationship within South African state-owned entities
Authors: Bezuidenhout Magda L. , Bussin Mark H.R. , Coetzee Mariette 
Published: May 2018

Orientation: Over the years, the increase in executive remuneration in state-owned entities (SOEs) has been the subject of intense discussions. The poor performance of some SOEs with highly remunerated executives begs the question of whether chief executive officers in South African SOEs deserve the high levels of remuneration they receive.Research purpose: This study examined the relationship between chief executive remuneration and several measures of company performance across Schedule 2 SOEs within South Africa.Motivation for the study: Notwithstanding the widely publicised poor performance of South African SOEs, their importance and relevance remains evident. Regrettably, the literature on what fundamentally drives their performance is lacking.Research design, approach and method: This quantitative, longitudinal study, conducted over a 9-year period, collected secondary data from the annual reports of 18 Schedule 2 SOEs. The primary statistical technique used in the study was ordinary least square (OLS) multiple regression analysis on a pooled dataset. Chief executive remuneration consisted of fixed salary and total remuneration.Main findings: A relationship was found between chief executive remuneration and company performance, although mainly an inverse relationship.Practical and managerial implications: The improved understanding and knowledge of the relationship between chief executive remuneration and SOE performance may be used by the organisation and HR practitioners to direct and inform strategies for organisational effectiveness and business excellence.Contribution or value-add: This research provides new knowledge to the limited research available on SOEs in South Africa. Further, it reveals an unexplored area of potential research, that is, the importance of irregular, fruitless and wasteful expenditure as a performance measure in SOEs.
Los archivos audiovisuales de televisión: estrategias para su revalorización en un entorno transmedia
Authors: Sebastián Mercedes Caridad , Morales García Ana María , Martínez Cardama Sara , García López Fátima 
Published: May 2018

Se analiza la presencia de distintas estrategias transmedia que los archivos audiovisuales de televisión europeos pueden utilizar potencialmente para dar a conocer y revalorizar sus fondos. Metodología: Se realiza un estudio de caso de cuatro archivos audiovisuales de televisiones europeas que ilustran diferentes modelos de conservación y difusión: British Broadcasting Corporation Archives (BBC) (Reino Unido), Institut National de l'audiovisuel (Francia), Netherlands Institute for Sound Fraand Vision (Holanda) y Archivo de RTVE (España). Para ello, se analizaron sus sitios web y los perfiles de Twitter y se establecieron tres categorías de evaluación basadas en: Acceso Expandido (Expanded Access), Adaptación de Contenido (Repackaged Content) y Contenido Expandido o Auxiliar (Ancillary Content). Resultados: Se ha podido determinar que las estrategias más frecuentes son las relacionadas con el Acceso Expandido, particularmente con su uso para una finalidad contextual (conmemoraciones, efemérides o ilustrar realidades actuales con imágenes del pasado). Discusión: Se constata que muchas estrategias trasmedia no se están implementando por parte de los archivos audiovisuales analizados. Conclusiones: A diferencia de otras instituciones patrimoniales que emplean estrategias transmedia aprovechando, por ejemplo, series de ficción para dar a conocer sus fondos, los archivos audiovisuales se mantienen en una etapa prematura en relación con este tipo de usos de reutilización del contenido.
High-resolution inversion of methane emissions in the Southeast US using SEAC4RS aircraft observations of atmospheric methane: anthropogenic and wetland sources
Authors: Sheng Jian-Xiong , Jacob Daniel J. , Turner Alexander J. , Maasakkers Joannes D. , Sulprizio Melissa P. , Bloom A. Anthony , Andrews Arlyn E. , Wunch Debra 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. We use observations of boundary layer methane from the SEAC4RS
aircraft campaign over the Southeast US in August–September 2013 to
estimate methane emissions in that region through an inverse
analysis with up to 0.25∘×0.3125∘
(25×25 km2) resolution and with full error
characterization. The Southeast US is a major source region for
methane including large contributions from oil and gas production and
wetlands. Our inversion uses state-of-the-art emission inventories
as prior estimates, including a gridded version of the anthropogenic
EPA Greenhouse Gas Inventory and the mean of the WetCHARTs ensemble
for wetlands. Inversion results are independently verified by
comparison with surface (NOAA∕ESRL) and column
(TCCON) methane observations. Our posterior estimates for the
Southeast US are 12.8±0.9 Tg a−1 for anthropogenic
sources (no significant change from the gridded EPA inventory) and
9.4±0.8 Tg a−1 for wetlands (27 % decrease from
the mean in the WetCHARTs ensemble). The largest source of error in
the WetCHARTs wetlands ensemble is the land cover map specification
of wetland areal extent. Our results support the accuracy of the EPA
anthropogenic inventory on a regional scale but there are
significant local discrepancies for oil and gas production fields,
suggesting that emission factors are more variable than assumed in
the EPA inventory.
Mid-IR spectrometer for mobile, real-time urban NO2 measurements
Authors: Hundt P. Morten , Müller Michael , Mangold Markus , Tuzson Béla , Scheidegger Philipp , Looser Herbert , Hüglin Christoph , Emmenegger Lukas 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Detailed knowledge about the urban NO2 concentration field
is a key element for obtaining accurate pollution
maps and individual exposure estimates. These are required for improving the understanding of the impact of ambient
NO2 on human health and for related air quality measures. However, city-scale NO2 concentration maps
with high spatio-temporal resolution are still lacking, mainly due to the difficulty of accurate measurement of
NO2 at the required sub-ppb level precision. We contribute to close this gap through the development of
a compact instrument based on mid-infrared laser absorption spectroscopy. Leveraging recent advances in infrared laser
and detection technology and a novel circular absorption cell, we demonstrate the feasibility and robustness of this
technique for demanding mobile applications. A fully autonomous quantum cascade laser absorption spectrometer (QCLAS) has
been successfully deployed on a tram, performing long-term and real-time concentration measurements of NO2 in
the city of Zurich (Switzerland). For ambient NO2 concentrations, the instrument demonstrated a precision of
0.23 ppb at one second time resolution and of 0.03 ppb after 200 s averaging. Whilst the combined
uncertainty estimated for the retrieved spectroscopic values was less than 5 %, laboratory intercomparison
measurements with standard CLD instruments revealed a systematic NO2 wall loss of about 10 % within the
laser spectrometer. For the field campaign, the QCLAS has been referenced to a CLD using urban atmospheric air, despite
the potential cross sensitivity of CLD to other nitrogen containing compounds. However, this approach allowed a direct
comparison and continuous validation of the spectroscopic data to measurements at regulatory air quality monitoring (AQM)
stations along the tram-line. The analysis of the recorded high-resolution time series allowed us to gain more detailed
insights into the spatio-temporal concentration distribution of NO2 in an urban environment. Furthermore, our
results demonstrate that for reliable city-scale concentration maps a larger data set and better spatial coverage is
needed, e.g., by deploying more mobile and stationary instruments to account for mainly two shortcomings of the current
approach: (i) limited residence time close to sources with large short-term NO2 variations, and
(ii) insufficient representativeness of the tram tracks for the complex urban environment.
Impact of surgeon’s hand and ocular dominance on right and left total knee arthroplasty alignment
Authors: Goosheh Shizar , Thoren Jacalyn , Naudie Douglas , Teeter Mathew , Howard James , Lanting Brent 
Published: May 2018

Postoperative alignment is an important modifiable confounder that contributes to the longevity of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Studies have shown that surgeon’s handedness can affect surgical performance; however, no studies have assessed the effect of surgeon’s hand or ocular dominance on TKA alignment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of surgeon’s hand and ocular dominance on coronal plane alignment in TKA.
We retrospectively evaluated 138 patients who underwent sequential bilateral TKA by the same surgeon, using the Genesis II PS knee (Smith & Nephew, Memphis, TN). We assessed postoperative alignment by measuring and comparing anatomical tibiofemoral angle (TFA) bilaterally on standard postoperative knee radiographs, as well as Knee Society function and pain scores to determine any functional differences. Lastly, we evaluated whether a crossed hand-ocular dominant surgeon had greater accuracy when performing a TKA on the side opposite their hand dominance compared to uncrossed hand-ocular dominant surgeons.
All surgeons were right-hand dominant and there was a significantly larger anatomical TFA on left TKAs (mean [SD], 4.6° [2.8°]) compared to right TKAs (3.8° [2.5°]) (P = 0.003). There was no significant difference between right and left Knee Society function (P = 0.09) and pain scores (P = 0.86). When comparing left TKAs, surgeons with uncrossed hand-ocular dominance (4.5°) performed with equal accuracy compared to surgeons with crossed hand-ocular dominance (4.8°) (2-tailed test = 0.597), indicating no effect of ocular dominance.
In summary, hand but not ocular dominance was shown to have significant postoperative alignment effects on TKA.
Legislación de los recursos naturales aplicables a cambio climático
Authors: Santivañez José Luis , Baqueros-Ballón Fátima , Martinez-Dávila Juan Pablo , Cruz-Centeno José Fredy , Toruño Pedro José 
Published: May 2018

El medio Ambiente, los Recursos Naturales y la Biodiversidad, están considerada entre las prioridades para implementar procesos de gestión de largo plazo en todos los países del mundo, empleadas y usadas como banderas de reivindicación social, económica, cultural, económica y política. Sin embargo las unidades o ministerios gozan del más bajo presupuesto, no están en las primeras filas de priorización de los POA, hay tardías reacción y escasos profesionales capacitados, especializados y contratados. Bolivia tiene cuantiosas normas con distintos nombres y un solo énfasis: “Mecanismos de Regulación”, lo que involucra sistemas de prevención bajo un principio precautorio, donde podemos viabilizar, con imaginación y voluntad, acciones inmediatas.
La economía como factor clave para el desarrollo sostenible rural: caso Nicaragua
Authors: Benitez-Maradiaga Yorleny Xiomara , Martinez-Andrades Erick , Villalobos-Maradiaga Edixia , Jarquín-Sáenz Marvin Rafael , Rivas-García Julio Antonio 
Published: May 2018

El presente ensayo fue elaborado con el propósito de estudiar los enfoques para analizar la situación económica y la sostenibilidad agrícola predominante en las zonas rurales de Nicaragua, como parte de la Educación y el Desarrollo Rural. En la recopilación de datos para la estructuración de dicho trabajo se consultaron literaturas de trabajos realizados por investigadores de experiencia académica, en los componentes de economía, desarrollo rural sostenible y agricultura, investigaciones que se han ejecutado para encontrar solución a problemas sentidos por las comunidades rurales productivas. Como resultado de nuestra investigación señalamos que existen modelos y enfoque para estudiar el desarrollo rural sostenible. Algunos autores han estudiados el modelo de desarrollo a partir de variables forestales, otros consideran la evaluación multicriterio fundamentalmente en las decisiones del ordenamiento territorial, de igual manera se revisó el estudio los modelos agrometereológicos que mide el impacto del clima en la agricultura. El tema de la innovación en los procesos cognoscitivos como un estudio de caso en la zona norte del país fue analizado, donde la Bioeconomia resulta ser un tema interesante como una alternativa de repuesta a la variabilidad del cambio climático, una variable importante también considerada es los medios de vida Méndez, V. E., & Bacon, C. (2005).
Factores psicológicos que influyen en la conducta agresiva de niños y niñas de 8 años de edad
Authors: Barrios Martha del Pilar 
Published: May 2018

El presente ensayo se centró en una revisión bibliográfica sobre la conducta agresiva infantil. Se utilizó un enfoque basado en la estabilidad relativa en el transcurso del tiempo y su conexión consistente a una variedad de resultados negativos, incluyendo la delincuencia, el uso de drogas o sustancias químicas, problemas de conducta, poca adaptación y dificultades académicas (como notas bajas, suspensión, expulsión y abandono de la escuela). Una de las característica de la familia nicaragüense es el ser extensa. Es muy raro encontrar un hogar compuesto solamente por la pareja y los hijos o por la mujer sola con sus hijos. La presencia de abuelos, tíos u otros parientes es bastante común. Los factores económicos determinan en buena medida esta realidad. La escasez de vivienda y la gran cantidad de mujeres que tienen que sostener el hogar o reforzar su economía- requieren la presencia de otros adultos en el hogar, que se transforma así en un pequeño y eficaz núcleo de organización, en donde todos los miembros son interdependientes y en donde las responsabilidades están repartidas en función de las posibilidades de cada uno y de la común supervivencia de todos. Las dificultades familiares como: discordia entre pareja, poco control de impulsos de los padres, alcoholismo, hijos no deseados, trastornos nerviosos entre otros contribuyen a la agresión infantil. El medio familiar es el lugar de génesis y desarrollo de la personalidad de niños específicamente influida por la imitación del comportamiento del padre, madre y demás personas del contexto familiar y social.
Gestión de los recursos hídricos
Authors: Gadea-Toledo Ana Karina , Toruño Pedro José , Castellón Juan Duley , Geles-Roffe Tatiana 
Published: May 2018

El presente trabajo se basa en resultados presentados por especialistas en recursos hídricos sobre experiencias de los sectores más vulnerables a sequía y aquellos que demandan agua de calidad tomando como referencia las zonas cafetaleras del norte de Nicaragua. Con base a una recopilación de información existente así como de entrevistas y talleres participativos utilizando plataformas de dialogo territorial con el objetivo de identificar las trayectorias más probables que podrían disminuir la vulnerabilidad de los productores de café (Coffea arabica) al cambio y variabilidad climática. En las conclusiones del estudio mencionamos que la tecnología de producción de café multiestrato con banano es un tema ampliamente estudiado utilizando un enfoque que aplica herramientas de toma de decisión para manejar la productividad del sistema - manejo del recurso luz, ciclos de nutrientes y optimización del banano como cultivo secundario, entre otros. Es necesario desarrollar un proceso participativo innovador para mejorar la gestión de los recursos hídricos en comunidades cafetaleras para incrementar su capacidad de adaptación y resiliencia frente al cambio climático (variabilidad de las lluvias y las sequías).
Los Estados Unidos: Un obstáculo histórico y sinuoso en la evolución de la integración centroamericana
Authors: Navas-Calderón José Benito , Martínez-Avendaño Jairo Terencio , Chiong-Alegría Allan Gustavo 
Published: May 2018

La unidad centroamericana siempre ha sido el anhelo de algunos Estados y líderes de la región, incluso algunos han ofrendado sus valiosas vidas para hoy formar parte de la reciente historia independiente de las repúblicas. Pero lo fascinante es que las diferentes intervenciones imperialistas han hecho posible que los mismos centroamericanos busquen la solución a sus problemas, de la paz y la unidad de la región, el desarrollo y el crecimiento económico. Un ejemplo valioso fue la firma de la Carta de San Salvador que crea la Organización de Estados Centroamericanos (ODECA) y que es la base para la firma del Protocolo de Tegucigalpa que crea el Sistema de la Integración Centroamericana (SICA); prácticamente con esta iniciativa empieza a funcionar la primera organización regional en Centroamérica después que se rompió la República Federal Centroamericana. Las diferentes justificaciones para intervenir en la región especialmente en Nicaragua por parte de los Estados Unidos de Norteamérica son múltiples y con variadas incoherencias. Los Estados Unidos a partir del 9/11 han expresado su deseo por una sociedad política moderna, es decir, libre de caudillos; manifestando una clara oposición e interviniendo en algunas ocasiones el modelo de Gobierno de Reconciliación y Unidad Nacional impulsado por el presidente Daniel Ortega Saavedra.