bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
900 V GaN‐based sine‐wave inverters for three‐phase industrial applications
Authors: Mukherjee Nilanjan , Fuerst Johannes , Diepold Fabian , Aguilar Vega Fernando 
Published: April 2019

GaN devices are gradually getting attention within the industry along with SiC as a potential wide bandgap device. At present, there are almost no high‐voltage GaN devices with voltage >650 V, which makes an inverter design difficult for a three‐phase input. To address this challenge to some extent, this study brings in for the first time a full 700 V DC‐link‐based three‐phase inverter‐fed high power density system using new 900 V GaN devices. The study also describes how a high switching frequency GaN device can benefit reducing filter size and cost, thereby offering an opportunity to integrate the filter within the inverter. This filter can also provide a sine‐wave output compared with the traditional pulse‐width modulator output. The article discusses multiple aspects of the design such as (a) switching behaviours of this new device, (b) filters, (c) power losses of the devices within the inverter through comprehensive simulation models and experimental investigations at 128 kHz. Some of the practical challenges are discussed, and the study claims that the GaN inverter for three‐phase applications is feasible with this new device.
DC–DC converter with a high step‐down ratio for water desalination applications
Authors: Pollock Richard C. , McNeill Neville , Holliday Derrick , Williams Barry W. 
Published: April 2019

A single‐stage 600 : 1 ratio voltage step‐down dc–dc converter designed to produce a voltage of between 1 and 1.5 V from a rectified single/three‐phase AC supply, for application in a desalination process, is presented. A coupled‐inductor design is used, and a novel snubber circuit with energy recovery manages the effects of imperfect coupling (leakage) between the coupled windings. The circuit, which is bidirectional, allows for the power devices to be rated for either high current or high voltage. This presents significant cost and performance advantages compared to a conventional single‐stage buck converter where such a large step‐down ratio would require a small duty ratio and components with high ratings for both voltage and current: in this case, ratings of 1200 V to withstand input dc voltage switching, and 1000 A to deliver the output current, would be required.
Short-term Resistance Training Increases APPL1 Content in the Liver and the Insulin Sensitivity of Mice Fed a Long-term High-fat Diet
Authors: Minuzzi Luciele Guerra , Kuga Gabriel Keine , Breda Leonardo , Gaspar Rafael Calais , Muñoz Vitor Rosetto , Pereira Rodrigo Martins , Botezelli José Diego , da Silva Adelino S. R. , Cintra Dennys Esper , de Moura Leandro Pereira , Ropelle Eduardo Rochete , Pauli José Rodrigo 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background APPL1, an adapter protein, interact directly with adiponectin receptors mediating adiponectin signaling and acting as a critical regulator of the crosstalk between adiponectin and insulin signaling pathway. The inadequate level of physical activity, high-calorie intake, or both lead to adverse consequences on health, like insulin resistance. On the order hand, physical exercise acts positively in the insulin action.
Purpose Here, we investigated the effects of short-term resistance training (RT) on APPL1 content and adiponectin pathway in the liver of mice fed a long-term high-fat diet.
Methods Swiss mice were distributed into 3 groups: Mice that fed a chow diet (CTR); Mice fed a high-fat diet for 16 months (HFD); and mice fed a high-fat diet for 16 months and submitted to a climbing ladder exercise (RT) for 7 days (HFD-EXE).
Results The results show that short-term RT increases the APPL1 content but wasn’t able to alter AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 content in the liver of HFD-EXE mice. However, this increase in the APPL1 content in response to RT was accompanied by improvement in the insulin sensitivity.
Conclusion In summary, our data suggested that short-term RT improves glycemic homeostasis and increases APPL1 in the hepatic tissue of mice treated with long-term high-fat diet.
Contemporary Synthetic Strategies towards Secosteroids, abeo-Steroids, and Related Triterpenes
Authors: Noack Florian , Heinze Robert , Heretsch Philipp 
Published: April 2019

Steroids have long been sought after as synthetic targets. Their rearranged counterparts, though, have only recently received more attention, when isolation and biological testing programs revealed several molecular entities that were both structurally intriguing as well as biologically relevant. This review will highlight contemporary synthetic approaches towards the growing class of seco- and abeo-steroids and some related triterpenoid natural products.1	Introduction2	Cyclocitrinol2.1	Li’s Synthesis of Cyclocitrinol2.2	Gui’s Synthesis of Cyclocitrinol3	Strophasterol3.1	Heretsch’s Synthesis of Strophasterol A3.2	Kuwahara’s Synthesis of Strophasterols A and B4	Pleurocin A/Matsutakone and Pleurocin B4.1	Heretsch’s Synthesis of Pleurocin A/Matsutakone and Pleurocin B5	Aplysiasecosterol A5.1	Li’s Synthesis of Aplysiasecosterol A6	Glaucogenins C and D6.1	Tian’s Syntheses of 5,6-Dihydro-glaucogenin C and Glaucogenin D7	Physalin B7.1	Sodeoka’s Synthesis of the DFGH Ring System of Physalin B8	Limonin8.1	Hirama’s Synthesis of (±)-Limonin9	Schiglautone A9.1	Ding’s Synthesis of (±)-atrop-Schiglautone A10	Conclusion
Intermolecular Trapping of Alkoxyl Radicals with Alkenes: A New Route to Ether Synthesis
Authors: Barthelemy Anne-Laure , Tuccio Béatrice , Magnier Emmanuel , Dagousset Guillaume 
Published: April 2019

Alkoxyl radicals are highly reactive species which rapidly react by hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) or β-fragmentation to afford a carbon-centered radical. We discuss herein how these RO· radicals can be efficiently trapped in an intermolecular manner by styrene derivatives when they are generated by photoredox catalysis from the corresponding N-alkoxypyridinium salts. This allows for the synthesis of valuable ethers with complete anti-Markovnikov regioselectivity.1	Introduction2	Anti-Markovnikov Alkoxylation of Alkenes: Background3	Addition of Alkoxyl Radicals to Styrenes4	Summary and Outlook
Variables Associated with Endometriosis-related Pain: A Pilot Study using a Visual Analogue Scale
Authors: Cozzolino Mauro , Coccia Maria Elisabetta , Lazzeri Giacomo , Basile Francesca , Troiano Gianmarco 
Published: April 2019

Objective Endometriosis is a complex disease, and pain is an important component of the syndrome. One of the most used methods to assess pain is the visual analogue scale (VAS). The aim of the present research was to study the pain experienced by patients who referred to our unit for endometriosis, using the VAS to understand the variables that could influence it.
Methods We have conducted a prospective study from February 2012 to December 2016, enrolling 388 patients who referred to a university hospital, in Florence, Italy. We have included in the present study patients during their follow-up for endometriosis; we have also included patients who underwent surgery with a histological diagnosis of endometriosis. We have collected sociodemographic and clinical information regarding age, body mass index (BMI), smoking habit, number of pregnancies, and endometriosis staging. Finally, we have administered the VAS for several symptoms.
Results Dysmenorrhea was the symptom associated with the highest perception of pain (mean VAS score of 5.76). The logistic regression showed that the stage of endometriosis could influence the pain associated to constipation and to dysuria. The linear regression showed that age could influence the pain associated to constipation, to dyspareunia, and to dysmenorrhea. A positive correlation was found between dysmenorrhea and chronic pelvic pain (CPP), between dysmenorrhea and dyspareunia, and between constipation and dysuria.
Conclusion Using a validated method, the VAS, we have studied the pain experienced by a group of patients with a history of endometriosis and observed that smoking habit and BMI did not influence the VAS scores, and that dysmenorrhea was associated with the highest perception of pain.
Adaptive Proximal Scaphoid Implant: Indications and Long-Term Results
Authors: Poumellec Marie-Anne , Camuzard Olivier , Pequignot Jean-Pierre , Dreant Nicolas 
Published: April 2019

Objective This study aims to define the indications of APSI and to evaluate the long-term results.
Patients and Methods This is a monocentric study including patients that underwent an arthroplasty of the scaphoid proximal pole using an APSI between 1994 and 2010. Patients were assessed using autoquestionnaires and measuring ranges of motion, key pinch, and grip strength. X-ray views of the wrist were done to control the mobility of the implant and the evolution of the carpal collapse, if present.
Results There were 19 patients included with a mean follow-up of 11 years. The mean range of motion was 106 degrees (65% of contralateral side) in flexion-extension and 33 degrees (78% of contralateral side) in radialulnar deviation. The mean grip strength was 72% of the contralateral side. The mean Mayo wrist score was 69/100, the mean QuickDASH 26/100, and the mean patient-rated wrist evaluation (PRWE) 25/100. After 10 years, evolution to osteoarthritis was noted in 32% of the patients. This was associated with a decrease of the carpal height. More specifically, capito-lunate osteoarthritis was noted after 10 years and two out of three patients were concerned after 20 years of follow-up. No osteoarthritis was diagnosed at the radiolunate articulation.
Conclusion APSI is a treatment option that enables patients with scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse (SNAC), scapholunate advanced collapse (SLAC) I or II to preserve the strength and mobility with good functional results. But this arthroplasty does not prevent natural evolution to a carpal collapse after a follow-up of 20 years which is clinically well tolerated.
Clinical Features and Management of Women with Borderline Ovarian Tumors in a Single Center in Brazil
Authors: Yoshida Adriana , Tavares Bárbara Virginia Gonçalves , Sarian Luís Otavio , Andrade Liliana Aparecida Lucci Ângelo , Derchain Sophie Françoise 
Published: April 2019

Objective The aim of the present study was to describe and analyze data of 57 women with borderline ovarian tumors (BOTs) regarding histological characteristics, clinical features and treatment management at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp, in the Portuguese acronym).
Methods The present retrospective study analyzed data obtained from clinical and histopathological reports of women with BOTs treated in a single cancer center between 2010 and 2018.
Results A total of 57 women were included, with a mean age of 48.42 years old (15.43–80.77), of which 30 (52.63%) were postmenopausal, and 18 (31.58%) were < 40 years old. All of the women underwent surgery. A total of 37 women (64.91%) were submitted to complete surgical staging for BOT, and none (0/57) were submitted to pelvic or paraortic lymphadenectomy. Chemotherapy was administered for two patients who recurred. The final histological diagnoses were: serous in 20 (35.09%) cases, mucinous in 26 (45.61%), seromucinous in 10 (17.54%), and endometrioid in 1 (1.75%) case. Intraoperative analyses of frozen sections were obtained in 42 (73.68%) women, of which 28 (66.67%) matched with the final diagnosis. The mean follow-up was of 42.79 months (range: 2.03–104.87 months). Regarding the current status of the women, 45 (78.95%) are alive without disease, 2 (3.51%) are alive with disease, 9 (15.79%) had their last follow-up visit > 1 year before the performance of the present study but are alive, and 1 patient (1.75%) died of another cause.
Conclusion Women in the present study were treated according to the current guidelines and only two patients recurred.
The Lebanese Allele in the PET100 Gene: Report on Two New Families with Cytochrome c Oxidase Deficiency
Authors: Mansour Hicham , Sabbagh Sandra , Bizzari Sami , El-Hayek Stephany , Chouery Eliane , Gambarini Alicia , Gencik Martin , Mégarbané André 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCytochrome c oxidase deficiency is caused by mutations in any of at least 30 mitochondrial and nuclear genes involved in mitochondrial complex IV biogenesis and structure, including the recently identified PET100 gene. Here, we report two families, of which one is consanguineous, with two affected siblings each. In one family, the siblings presented with developmental delay, seizures, lactic acidosis, abnormal brain magnetic resonance imaging, and low muscle mitochondrial complex IV activity at 30%. In the other family, the two siblings, now deceased, had a history of global developmental delay, failure to thrive, muscular hypotonia, seizures, developmental regression, respiratory insufficiency, and lactic acidosis. By whole exome sequencing, a missense mutation in exon 1 of the PET100 gene (c.3G > C; [p.Met1?]) was identified in both families. A review of the clinical description and literature is discussed, highlighting the importance of this variant in the Lebanese population.
Effects of MTNR1B Genetic Variants on Individual Susceptibility to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Jia Guangliang , Gao Yanxiang , Li Chunzhi , Zhang Yanqin 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Objective Whether melatonin receptor 1B (MTNR1B) variants are implicated in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains unclear. Therefore, we performed this meta-analysis to obtain a more conclusive result on associations between MTNR1B variants and GDM.
Study Design Literature research was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.
Results A total of 17 studies were eligible for analyses. Pooled overall analyses showed that rs1387153 (dominant model: p = 0.0002, OR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.68–0.89; recessive model: p < 0.0001, OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.24–1.73; allele model: p < 0.0001, OR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.72–0.84), rs4753426 (recessive model: p = 0.01, OR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.14–2.68; allele model: p = 0.01, OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.51–0.93), and rs10830963 (dominant model: p < 0.0001, OR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.65–0.78; recessive model: p < 0.0001, OR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.40–1.74; allele model: p < 0.0001, OR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.69–0.78) variants were all significantly associated with the susceptibility to GDM. Further subgroup analyses by ethnicity of participants yielded similar positive results.
Conclusion Our findings indicated that MTNR1B rs1387153, rs4753426, and rs10830963 variants might serve as genetic biomarkers of GDM.
Surgical Treatment of Bilateral Lung Cancers: Long-Term Outcomes and Prognostic Factors
Authors: Petrella Francesco , Frassoni Samuele , Bagnardi Vincenzo , Casiraghi Monica , Brambilla Daniela , Diotti Cristina , Spaggiari Lorenzo 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background Bilateral lung neoplasms are becoming more common, but distinguishing two primary lung cancers from metastatic disease can be difficult and only long-term follow-up after treatment can disclose the real behavior of the disease.The present study aimed to identify the appropriate candidates for bilateral surgical resections from the perspective of short-term postoperative complications and long-term outcomes.
Methods Two hundred and fifteen consecutive patients undergoing bilateral pulmonary resection for lung cancers over a 20-year period were analyzed. Preoperative patient characteristics were noted, including demographic information, operative details, pathologic information including histology and tumor stage according to the eighth edition of the tumor nodes metastases staging system, and the use of neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatments.
Results Patients receiving the second pulmonary resection more than 24 months from the first procedure as well as patients receiving bilateral lobectomies had higher overall 3-, 5-, and 10-year survival rates compared with the others.
Conclusion Patients receiving the second resection more than 24 months from the first procedure have the best long-term results irrespective of the type of resection.
Turán, Fejér and Bohman extremal problems for the multivariate Fourier transform in terms of the eigenfunctions of a Sturm-Liouville problem
Authors: Gorbachev D. V. , Ivanov V. I. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The Turán, Fejér and Bohman extremal problems for the multivariate Fourier transform in terms of the eigenfunctions of a Sturm-Liouville problem on the Cartesian product of half-lines are solved under natural conditions on a weight function defined as a product of one-dimensional weight functions. Extremal functions are constructed. A multivariate Markov quadrature formula is proved based on the zeros of eigenfunctions of the Sturm-Liouville problem. This quadrature formula is shown to be sharp on entire multivariate functions of exponential type. A Paley-Wiener type theorem is proved for the multivariate Fourier transform. A weighted

-analogue of the Kotel’nikov-Nyquist-Whittaker-Shannon sampling theorem is put forward.
Bibliography: 42 titles.
Smoothness of functions and Fourier coefficients
Authors: Dyachenko M. I. , Mukanov A. B. , Tikhonov S. Yu. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
We consider functions represented as trigonometric series with general monotone Fourier coefficients. The main result of the paper is the equivalence of the

modulus of smoothness,

, of such functions to certain sums of their Fourier coefficients. As applications, for such functions we give a description of the norm in the Besov space and sharp direct and inverse theorems in approximation theory.
Bibliography: 34 titles.
Properties of the spectrum of an elliptic boundary value problem with a parameter and a discontinuous nonlinearity
Authors: Pavlenko V. N. , Potapov D. K. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
An elliptic Dirichlet boundary value problem is studied which has a nonnegative parameter

multiplying a discontinuous nonlinearity on the right-hand side of the equation. The nonlinearity is zero for values of the phase variable not exceeding some positive number in absolute value and grows sublinearly at infinity. For homogeneous boundary conditions, it is established that the spectrum

of the nonlinear problem under consideration is closed (

consists of those parameter values for which the boundary value problem has a nonzero solution). A positive lower bound and an upper bound are obtained for the smallest value of the spectrum,

. The case when the boundary function is positive, while the nonlinearity is zero for nonnegative values of the phase variable and nonpositive for negative values, is also considered. This problem is transformed into a problem with homogeneous boundary conditions. Under the additional assumption that the nonlinearity is equal to the difference of functions that are nondecreasing in the phase variable, it is proved that

and that for each

the problem has a nontrivial semiregular solution. If there exists a positive constant

such that the sum of the nonlinearity and

is a function which is nondecreasing in the phase variable

, then for any

the boundary value problem has a minimal nontrivial solution

. The required solution is semiregular, and

is a decreasing mapping with respect to

on

. Applications of the results to the Gol’dshtik mathematical model for separated flows in an incompressible fluid are considered.
Bibliography: 37 titles.
Counterexamples in scale calculus
Authors: Filippenko Benjamin , Zhou Zhengyi , Wehrheim Katrin 
Published: April 2019

Significance
The counterexamples presented here are the first of this kind for notions of differentiability that satisfy a chain rule. Their context arises naturally from requiring differentiability of crucial maps in the theory of pseudoholomorphic curves in symplectic geometry. This serves to illuminate some of the key reasons and major technical obstacles for the extensive recent development of analytic foundations in this field. We moreover reestablish some key calculus facts in polyfold theory under additional assumptions that are imposed by the theory and satisfied in practice. This illuminates how the obstacles are overcome and allows users of polyfold theory to make new arguments more akin to those in standard calculus using general properties rather than working from definitions.
Hypoxia-inducible factors in CD4+T cells promote metabolism, switch cytokine secretion, and T cell help in humoral immunity
Authors: Cho Sung Hoon , Raybuck Ariel L. , Blagih Julianna , Kemboi Edna , Haase Volker H. , Jones Russell G. , Boothby Mark R. 
Published: April 2019

SignificanceThe precise regulation of antibody responses is central to the efficacy of vaccines and to our handling of microbes and infections. Antibody quality is enhanced in germinal center reactions, and this microstructure in tissue has to cope with limited oxygen. This work shows that a pair of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) proteins, gene regulators that respond to low oxygen but also are induced by T cell activation, must be expressed in helper T cells in order for immunization to yield a good antibody response. The evidence favors a multifactorial mechanism: HIFs shift the balance between follicular regulatory and helper T cells but also regulate metabolism, numbers of follicular helpers, and molecules they express to promote antibody production.
How a well-adapting immune system remembers
Authors: Mayer Andreas , Balasubramanian Vijay , Walczak Aleksandra M. , Mora Thierry 
Published: April 2019

SignificanceThe adaptive immune system is able to protect us from a large variety of pathogens, even ones it has not seen yet. Can predicting the future pathogen distribution help in protection? We find that a combination of probabilistic forecasting and occasional sampling of the current environment reduces infection costs—a scheme easily implemented by the memory repertoire. The proposed theoretical framework offers a modular recipe for updating the memory repertoire, which quantitatively predicts the strength of the immune response in flu-vaccination experiments, unlike other update schemes. It also links the observed early life dynamics of the memory pool to the sparseness properties of the pathogen distribution and competitive receptor dynamics for pathogens.
Commonly used FRET fluorophores promote collapse of an otherwise disordered protein
Authors: Riback Joshua A. , Bowman Micayla A. , Zmyslowski Adam M. , Plaxco Kevin W. , Clark Patricia L. , Sosnick Tobin R. 
Published: April 2019

Significance
Proteins adopt disordered ensembles prior to folding and sometimes as a part of their function. Simulations and FRET studies often described disordered conformations as more compact than the random coil states observed at high denaturant, whereas small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) indicates that these conformations remain expanded. Resolving this discrepancy improves our understanding of the properties of proteins, such as whether water is a sufficiently poor solvent to drive nonspecific collapse. We achieve reconciliation by showing the addition of FRET fluorophores reduces the disordered protein’s dimensions. Detailed analysis of FRET and SAXS, along with accounting for fluorophore-induced contraction, demonstrates that disordered and unfolded proteins often remain solvated and expanded without denaturant, properties that minimize misfolding and aggregation.