bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, structural characterization, cytotoxicity and encapsulation studies of N,Nʹ-(1, 2-dicyano-1,2-vinylene)-bis(4-hydroxysalicylideneaminato) di(p-chlorobenzyl)tin as potential anticancer drug
Authors: Amin Nur Adibah Mohd , Hussen Rusnah Syahila Duali , Lee See Mun , Sim Kae Shin , Navanesan Suerialoasan 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Two new diorganotin(IV) complexes with the general formula (RC7H6)2Sn(L) (where RC7H6 = p-ClBn, C1; and p-FBn, C2) were prepared based on the reaction of 2,3-bis(4-hydroxysalicylidene-amino)-maleic nitrile (L) with substituted dibenzyltin(IV) dichloride. The structures were confirmed by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C NMR). They were tested against several cancer cell lines by using the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. C1, which was most effective against MCF-7 breast cancer cell line, was further investigated in formulation and encapsulation studies, including drug encapsulation efficiency, particle size, morphology and in vitro drug release. An encapsulation of about 90% was achieved with particles of 128 nm average diameter. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) confirmed a spherical shape for the encapsulated C1. The cumulative drug release over a period of 60 days in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at pH 7.4 was 75%. Based on these results, the formulated drug has the potential of a slow release drug for cancer chemotherapy.
Study of solvent effect on structural and photoconductive behavior of ternary chalcogenides InBiS3-In2S3-Bi2S3 composite thin films deposited via AACVD
Authors: Daraz Umar , Ansari Tariq Mahmood , Arain Shafique Ahmad , Mansoor Muhammad Adil , Mazhar Muhammad 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In the present work ternary composite InBiS3-In2S3-Bi2S3 (IBS) thin films are developed using a homogeneous mixture of precursors [Bi(S2CN(C2H5)2)3]2 (1) and [In(S2CNCy2)3]‧2py (2), separately in toluene and chloroform solutions at 500°C under an inert atmosphere of argon gas via aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition (AACVD) technique. The phase purity, chemical composition and morphological study of both the films deposited from toluene and chloroform solutions are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy and Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The surface morphology showed rod like structure of the films developed from toluene while the films grown from chloroform solution give flake like shapes. The UV-visible spectroscopy explicated that the thin films developed from toluene and chloroform solutions show wide range absorption in whole visible region. Linear Scan voltammetry results show that both the films give negligible dark current, however, the films fabricated from toluene solution give a sharp steep curve with maximum photocurrent density of 2.3 mA‧cm-2 at 0.75 V vs Ag/AgCl/3M KCl using 0.05 M sodium sulphide solution under AM 1.5 G illumination (100 mW‧cm-2), while the film grown from chloroform generates a photocurrent density of 2.1 mA‧cm-2 under similar conditions. The LSV outcomes are further supported by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) that gives charge transfer resistance (Rct) value of 8,571 Ω for the films developed from toluene as compared to films fabricated from chloroform with Rct value of 12,476 Ω.
The crystal structure of N-(7-(4-fluorobenzylidene)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-3,3a,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-2H-indazole-2-carbonothioyl)benzamide, C28H23F2N3OS
Authors: Alotaibi Mohammad Hayal , Abdel-Wahab Bakr F. , Aldosari Obaid Fahad , Hegazy Amany S. , Kariuki Benson M. , El-Hiti Gamal A. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
C28H23F2N3OS, monoclinic, I2/a (no. 15), a = 20.3481(8) Å, b = 10.2647(4) Å, c = 23.6975(11) Å, β = 105.317(5)°, V = 4773.8(4) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0489, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1543, T = 296(2) K.
The effect of pore morphology on the catalytic performance of β-glucosidase immobilized into mesoporous silica
Authors: Califano Valeria , Costantini Aniello , Silvestri Brigida , Venezia Virginia , Cimino Stefano , Sannino Filomena 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
β-Glucosidase (BG) was immobilized by adsorption on wrinkled silica nanoparticles (WSNs) and on tannic acid-templated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (TA-MSNPs). The effect induced by a different morphology of the pores of the sorbent on the catalytic performance of β-glucosidase was investigated. A complete textural and morphological characterization of the two samples was performed by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method, Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results demonstrated that the catalytic performance of the immobilized enzyme depends on the pores size of sorbent but a key factor is the pores morphology. In fact, the BG immobilized on WSNs and TA-MSNPs (BG/WSNs and BG/TA-MSNPs) shows in both cases good catalytic performances in cellobiose hydrolysis, but the catalyst with the best performance is BG/WSNs, in which the support exhibits a central-radial pore structure and a hierarchical trimodal micro-mesoporous pore size. This peculiar morphology allows the enzyme to settle in a place where the interactions with the walls are maximized, increasing its conformational rigidity. Furthermore, the enzyme is prevalently collocated in the interior of pore so that the pores are not completely capped.
Emulsion Stability of Different Intravenous Propofol Formulations in Simulated Co-Administration with Remifentanil Hydrochloride
Authors: Nilsson Niklas , Nezvalova-Henriksen Katerina , Tho Ingunn 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
Propofol and remifentanil often need to be co-administered via the same intravenous catheter line, which predisposes to potential compatibility issues. Our aim was to determine and compare the emulsion stability of three propofol formulations, two with medium chain triglycerides and one with long chain triglycerides, when administered together with remifentanil hydrochloride.

Methods
Remifentanil hydrochloride (Ultiva

®
) 50 µg/mL was mixed with two concentrations (10 and 20 mg/mL) of each propofol formulation in mixing ratios 10+1, 20+1, 1+1 and 1+20. Emulsion stability was assessed immediately after mixing and 4 hours later by measurements of pH, mean droplet diameter, polydispersity index, and calculating percentage of fat residing in globules>5 µm (PFAT5).

Results
High PFAT5 values were observed in certain mixing ratios. The correlation between elevated PFAT5 and high propofol concentration (20 mg/mL), when remifentanil was in abundance and for long contact time indicated that these factors influenced the stability of the propofol emulsions.

Conclusions
Stability differences between the propofol formulations were identified under extreme test conditions. Co-administration of remifentanil and propofol in the same i.v. line is safe when propofol is in abundance. Caution is advised when remifentanil is present in equal parts or in abundance when co-administered with propofol 20 mg/mL.
A systematic review of brain functional connectivity patterns involved in episodic and semantic memory
Authors: Palacio Nicole , Cardenas Fernando 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The study of functional connectivity and declarative memory has lately been focused on finding biomarkers of neuropsychological diseases. However, little is known about its patterns in healthy brains. Thus, in this systematic review we analyze and integrate the findings of 81 publications regarding functional connectivity (measured by fMRI during both task and resting-state) and semantic and episodic memory in healthy adults. Moreover, we discriminate and analyze the main areas and links found in specific memory phases (encoding, storage or retrieval) based on several criteria, such as time length, depth of processing, rewarding value of the information, vividness and amount or kind of details retrieved. There is a certain degree of overlap between the networks of episodic and semantic memory and between the encoding and retrieval stages. Although several differences are pointed out during the article, this calls to attention the need for further empirical studies that actively compare both types of memory, particularly using other baseline conditions apart from the traditional resting state. Indeed, the active involvement of the default mode network in both declarative memory and resting condition suggests the possibility that during rest there is an on-going memory processing. We find support for the ‘attention to memory’ hypothesis, the memory differentiation model and the appropriate transfer hypothesis, but some evidence is inconsistent with the traditional hub-and-spoke model.
Perineuronal oligodendrocytes in health and disease: the journey so far
Authors: Bernstein Hans-Gert , Keilhoff Gerburg , Dobrowolny Henrik , Guest Paul C. , Steiner Johann 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Perineuronal oligodendrocytes (pn-Ols) are located in the cerebral gray matter in close proximity to neuronal perikarya and less frequently near dendrites and neurites. Although their morphology is indistinguishable from that of other oligodendrocytes, it is not known if pn-Ols have a similar or different cell signature from that of typical myelinating oligodendroglial cells. In this review, we discussed the potential roles of these cells in myelination under normal and pathophysiologic conditions as functional and nutritional supporters of neurons, as restrainers of neuronal firing, and as possible players in glutamate-glutamine homeostasis. We also highlighted the occurrences in which perineuronal oligodendroglia are altered, such as in experimental demyelination, multiple sclerosis, cerebral ischemia, epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease, schizophrenia, major depression, and bipolar disorder.
Peirce’s philosophy of communication and language communication
Authors: Lu Deping 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In the vein of Peirce’s communication philosophy, language communication inevitably suffers from its vagueness and uncertainty. Paradoxically, what enables this vagueness and uncertainty to be solved, and the condition of communication to be sufficiently met, is not language itself, but “collateral experience” communicators may weave, exchange, and share in communication. Collateral experience is forceful in penetrating the “universe,” in which communicators may be engaged, and in helping them in the wake of communication to acquire knowledge current in the community. Consequently, generality for a communicative act becomes established as the final goal of communication. Generality overcomes the vagueness and uncertainty arising from local and partial contingencies of context, and transcends beyond it. Due to communication, people become capable of finally resolving puzzlement, and of establishing their beliefs, with a guidance for their action.
Investigation of antioxidant, cytotoxic, tyrosinase inhibitory activities, and phenolic profiles of green, white, and black teas
Authors: Korkmaz Nuriye , Sener Sıla Ozlem , Akkaya Seyda , Badem Merve , Aliyazicioglu Rezzan , Abudayyak Mahmoud , Oztas Ezgi , Ozgen Ufuk 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Objectives
To determine of antioxidant, cytotoxic and tyrosinase inhibitory (TI) activities, and phenolic profiles with a new high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method of green, white and black teas.

Methods
Antioxidant activities of the teas were examined by means of scavenging of the free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC). The phenolic contents were investigated by means of HPLC. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxic potential of tea extracts in cancer and normal cell lines. TI activity was investigated against diphenolase (DOPA), using kojic acid as a positive control.

Results
The green tea extract exhibited stronger antioxidant than white and black tea extracts. The green tea contained syringaldehyde, p-coumaric acid, benzoic acid, and quercetin. The white tea extract had the highest tyrosinase inhibitor activity. The extracts exhibited higher cytotoxic potential toward cancer cells than normal cells. The methanol extract of green tea had the highest cytotoxic potential, while the water extracts were less toxic.

Conclusion
The green, white, and black teas can be regarded as an important in terms of rich antioxidant, tyrosinase inhibitor, and cytotoxic activities in both the pharmaceutical and food industries.
In vitro apoptotic effect of Zinc(II) complex with N-donor heterocyclic ligand on breast cancer cells
Authors: Guney Eskiler Gamze , Kani Ibrahim 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
The synthesis of new ligand and transition metal complexes have drawn great attention in cancer treatment due to excellent DNA cleavage activities and high antitumor activity.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to synthesize a new Zn(II) complex with 2,2′-bipyridine (bpy) ligand, [Zn(bpy)2(H2O)]2(ClO4), and to investigate the potential therapeutic activity against breast cancer.

Materials and methods
Zn(II) complex was obtained and structurally characterized using crystallography and other spectroscopic methods. The cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of Zn(II) complex on MCF7 breast cancer and HUVEC control cells were evaluated by WST-1, Annexin V and cell cycle analysis.

Results
The spectroscopic data demonstrated that Zn(II) complex was successfully synthesized. Furthermore, Zn(II) complex exhibited significant cytotoxic effect on MCF7 breast cancer and HUVEC cells (p < 0.01). MCF7 and HUVEC cells proliferation was reduced to 11.0% and 52.6%, respectively at 10 μM for 48 h. Additionally, Zn(II) complex significantly induced apoptotic cell death (84.87%) and caused S phase arrest (36.4%) in MCF7 cells at 10 μM (p < 0.01).

Conclusions
Zn(II) complex has great therapeutic potential for the treatment of breast cancer. However, further studies are warranted to identify the underlying mechanisms of apoptotic cell death and to reduce the toxicity of Zn(II) complex on control cells.
Methodological Considerations on the Use of Different Spectral Decomposition Algorithms to Study Hippocampal Rhythms
Authors: Zhou Y. , Sheremet A. , Qin Y. , Kennedy J. P. , DiCola N. M. , Burke S. N. , Maurer A. P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLocal field potential (LFP) oscillations are primarily shaped by the superposition of postsynaptic currents. Hippocampal LFP oscillations in the 25- to 50-Hz range (“slow γ”) are proposed to support memory retrieval independent of other frequencies. However, θ harmonics extend up to 48 Hz, necessitating a study to determine whether these oscillations are fundamentally the same. We compared the spectral analysis methods of wavelet, ensemble empirical-mode decomposition (EEMD), and Fourier transform. EEMD, as previously applied, failed to account for the θ harmonics. Depending on analytical parameters selected, wavelet may convolve over high-order θ harmonics due to the variable time-frequency atoms, creating the appearance of a broad 25- to 50-Hz rhythm. As an illustration of this issue, wavelet and EEMD depicted slow γ in a synthetic dataset that only contained θ and its harmonics. Oscillatory transience cannot explain the difference in approaches as Fourier decomposition identifies ripples triggered to epochs of high-power, 120- to 250-Hz events. When Fourier is applied to high power, 25- to 50-Hz events, only θ harmonics are resolved. This analysis challenges the identification of the slow γ rhythm as a unique fundamental hippocampal oscillation. While there may be instances in which slow γ is present in the rat hippocampus, the analysis presented here shows that unless care is exerted in the application of EEMD and wavelet techniques, the results may be misleading, in this case misrepresenting θ harmonics. Moreover, it is necessary to reconsider the characteristics that define a fundamental hippocampal oscillation as well as theories based on multiple independent γ bands.
Sphingomyelin in Brain and Cognitive Development: Preliminary Data
Authors: Schneider Nora , Hauser Jonas , Oliveira Manuel , Cazaubon Elise , Mottaz Sara Colombo , O’Neill Barry V. , Steiner Pascal , Deoni Sean C. L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSphingomyelin (SM) supports brain myelination, a process closely associated with cognitive maturation. The presence of SM in breast milk suggests a role in infant nutrition; however, little is known about SM contribution to healthy cognitive development. We investigated the link between early life dietary SM, later cognitive development and myelination using an exploratory observational study of neurotypical children. SM levels were quantified in infant nutrition products fed in the first three months of life and associated with myelin content (brain MRI) as well as cognitive development (Mullen scales of early learning; MSEL). Higher levels of SM were significantly associated with higher rates of change in verbal development in the first two years of life (r= 0.65,p< 0.001), as well as, higher levels of myelin content at 12–24 months, delayed onset and/or more prolonged rates of myelination in different brain areas. Second, we explored mechanisms of action using in vitro models (Sprague Dawley rat pups). In vitro data showed SM treatment resulted in increased proliferation [p= 0.0133 andp= 0.0434 at 4 and 10 din vitro(DIV)], maturation (p= 0.467 at 4 d DIV) and differentiation (p= 0.0123 andp= 0.0369 at 4 and 10 DIV) of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), as well as increased axon myelination (p= 0.0005 at 32 DIV). These findings indicate an impact of dietary SM on cognitive development in healthy children, potentially modulated by oligodendrocytes and increased axon myelination. Future research should include randomized controlled trials to substantiate efficacy of SM for cognitive benefits together with preclinical studies examining SM bioavailability and brain uptake.
Bruksizmin tanı ve tedavisinde güncel yaklaşımlar
Authors: GÜLEÇ Melike , TAŞSÖKER Melek , ÖZCAN ŞENER Sevgi 
Published: July 2019

Bruksizm, çiğneme ve
öğütme gibi fonksiyonel bir amaç olmaksızın dişlerde gerçekleştirilen sıkma
ve/veya gıcırdatma hareketinin adıdır. Etiyolojide genel olarak morfolojik,
psikolojik ve parafonksiyonel faktörler suçlanmaktadır. Ancak subjektif olması
yönüyle bruksizm tanısında dünya genelinde kabul görmüş ortak bir görüş
bulunmamaktadır. Bruksizm uyku esnasında veya uyanıkken gerçekleşebilir. Uyku
bruksizmi cinsiyete bağlı farklılık göstermezken, uyanıkken gerçekleşen
bruksizm daha çok
kadınlarda görülmektedir. Bruksizm, dişlerde fraktür
ve aşınmalar, periodontal dokularda destek kaybı ve mobilite, çiğneme
sisteminde ve orofasial bölgede ağrı ile temporomandibular eklem disfonksiyonu
gibi problemlere yol açabilmektedir. Bruksizm tanısında temel olarak beş yöntem
uygulanmaktadır. Bunlar; anket yöntemi, klinik gözlem, ağız içi
apareyleri, çiğneme kaslarının elektromyografik analizi, polisomnografi (PSG)’dir.
Bu yöntemlerin içinde PSG ile değerlendirme gold standart olarak kabul
edilmesine rağmen belirli limitasyonları bulunmaktadır. Klinik gözlemde temel
olarak diş aşınmaları ve yumuşak dokuda görülen değişiklikler izlenmektedir. Diş
aşınmaları oluşumuna etki eden faktörlere göre abfraksiyon, atrizyon, korozyon
ve abrazyon olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Aşınma derecesi fazla olan, dişin
spesifik fonksiyonunu yapamadığı, ağrı ve hassasiyete sebep olduğu ve diş
dokusundaki kaybın restorasyon gerektirecek seviyeye geldiği durumlar patolojik
diş aşınması olarak adlandırılır. Bruksizmin etiyolojisindeki farklılıklar
tedavilerinde de farklı yaklaşımlar gerektirir. Günümüzde bruksizm tedavi
yaklaşımları; kişiye yönelik yaklaşımlar (bilişsel-davranışsal terapi),
farmakolojik yaklaşımlar ve oklüzal yaklaşımlar olarak özetlenebilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, bruksizmin güncel tanı ve tedavi
prensiplerini sunmaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Bruksizm, etiyoloji, diş aşınmaları
Hybrid Decay: A Transgenerational Epigenetic Decline in Vigor and Viability Triggered in Backcross Populations of Teosinte with Maize
Authors: Xue Wei , Anderson Sarah N , Wang Xufeng , Yang Liyan , Crisp Peter A , Li Qing , Noshay Jaclyn , Albert Patrice S , Birchler James A , Bilinski Paul , Stitzer Michelle C , Ross-Ibarra Jeffrey , Flint-Garcia Sherry , Chen Xuemei , Springer Nathan M , Doebley John F 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Xue et al. describe a phenomenon in maize and its nearest wild relative, teosinte, by which backcross progeny of a specific teosinte and maize exhibit a sickly whole-plant phenotype involving changes in morphology, vigor, and viability...
In the course of generating populations of maize with teosinte chromosomal introgressions, an unusual sickly plant phenotype was noted in individuals from crosses with two teosinte accessions collected near Valle de Bravo, Mexico. The plants of these Bravo teosinte accessions appear phenotypically normal themselves and the F1 plants appear similar to typical maize × teosinte F1s. However, upon backcrossing to maize, the BC1 and subsequent generations display a number of detrimental characteristics including shorter stature, reduced seed set, and abnormal floral structures. This phenomenon is observed in all BC individuals and there is no chromosomal segment linked to the sickly plant phenotype in advanced backcross generations. Once the sickly phenotype appears in a lineage, normal plants are never again recovered by continued backcrossing to the normal maize parent. Whole-genome shotgun sequencing reveals a small number of genomic sequences, some with homology to transposable elements, that have increased in copy number in the backcross populations. Transcriptome analysis of seedlings, which do not have striking phenotypic abnormalities, identified segments of 18 maize genes that exhibit increased expression in sickly plants. A de novo assembly of transcripts present in plants exhibiting the sickly phenotype identified a set of 59 upregulated novel transcripts. These transcripts include some examples with sequence similarity to transposable elements and other sequences present in the recurrent maize parent (W22) genome as well as novel sequences not present in the W22 genome. Genome-wide profiles of gene expression, DNA methylation, and small RNAs are similar between sickly plants and normal controls, although a few upregulated transcripts and transposable elements are associated with altered small RNA or methylation profiles. This study documents hybrid incompatibility and genome instability triggered by the backcrossing of Bravo teosinte with maize. We name this phenomenon “hybrid decay” and present ideas on the mechanism that may underlie it.