bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fasciola hepaticain Brazil: genetic diversity provides insights into its origin and geographic dispersion
Authors: Schwantes J.B. , Quevedo P. , D’Ávila M.F. , Molento M.B. , Graichen D.A.S. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractFasciola hepaticais a trematode parasite that affects mammals, including humans. In Brazil, fascioliasis, a disease caused by the parasite, is of great importance. The disorder affects the welfare of the Brazilian population through impairing the agricultural production of cattle, where the disease causes weight loss as a result of liver damage. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity ofF. hepaticathroughout Southern Brazil to determine its geographic origin and estimate the colonization route of the parasite. To accomplish these aims, flukes were collected from slaughterhouses in three endemic areas of Rio Grande do Sul and Paraná states. DNA was isolated using the phenol–chloroform protocol from single flukes and two mitochondrial genes, cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and nicotinamide dehydrogenase subunit 1 (Nad1), were amplified and sequenced. Ten haplotypes of COI were found from 75 isolated parasites and the total haplotype and nucleotide diversity observed were 0.475 and 0.002, respectively. Using the Nad1 gene, we found 24 haplotypes from 79 samples, resulting in haplotype and nucleotide diversity values of 0.756 and 0.004, respectively. An analysis of molecular variance showed that 57.4% and 77.5% of variation was within populations (FST), while 9.0 and 36.8% of variation was among groups (FCT) when considering COI and Nad1 genes, respectively. For COI, the fixation index values of 0.425 and 0.368 were obtained for FSTand FCT, respectively, while analysis of Nad1 0.225 and 0.089 index values were obtained for FSTand FCT, respectively. We have determined thatF. hepaticafound in the two distinct areas originated from several geographical regions, since we found haplotypes that were shared with at least three different continents. These data are in accordance with the recent colonization of Brazil, and the recent import of cattle from South American, European and, possibly, some African countries. The observed FSTand FCTvalues for COI and Nad1 genes ofF. hepaticamay be a result of limited movement of animals within states and support the lack of geographical structure of the parasite in Brazil, which are in agreement with the observed cattle production systems in this region.
Non-Iranian historical lands in Pahlavi literature
Authors: Agostini Domenico 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAlthough Zoroastrian Pahlavi literature preserves few geographical and ethnographic descriptions of non-Iranian historical regions, the popular bookAyādgār ī Jāmāspīgdevotes several chapters to an extensive account of the landscape, social customs and religious practices of India, China, Arabia, Barbary, Ceylon (or the region of Slavs), Mazandarān and Turkestan. These descriptions share many similarities with the accounts of Muslim geographers between the ninth and twelfth centuriesce, though they also contain many Late Sasanian elements. In providing an English translation of these passages, this article aims to identify the inhabitants of these regions as well as to provide a more precise chronology of the chapters. It argues that Zoroastrian authors in the first centuries of the Islamic era, taking as a model the new Islamic science of geography, wrote or reworked these chapters with the intention of redefining and mapping the new world around them.
Beyond deviancy-training: Deviant adolescent friendships and long-term social development
Authors: Allen Joseph P. , Narr Rachel K. , Loeb Emily L. , Davis Alida A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAdolescent association with deviant and delinquent friends was examined for its roots in coercive parent–teen interactions and its links to functional difficulties extending beyond delinquent behavior and into adulthood. A community sample of 184 adolescents was followed from age 13 to age 27, with collateral data obtained from close friends, classmates, and parents. Even after accounting for adolescent levels of delinquent and deviant behavior, association with deviant friends was predicted by coercive parent–teen interactions and then linked to declining functioning with peers during adolescence and greater internalizing and externalizing symptoms and poorer overall adjustment in adulthood. Results are interpreted as suggesting that association with deviant friends may disrupt a core developmental task—establishing positive relationships with peers—with implications that extend well beyond deviancy-training effects.
Using baseline target moderation to guide decisions on adapting prevention programs
Authors: Howe George W. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTom Dishion, a pioneer in prevention science, was one of the first to recognize the importance of adapting interventions to the needs of individual families. Building towards this goal, we suggest that prevention trials be used to assess baseline target moderated mediation (BTMM), where preventive intervention effects are mediated through change in specific targets, and the resulting effect varies across baseline levels of the target. Four forms of BTMM found in recent trials are discussed including compensatory, rich-get-richer, crossover, and differential iatrogenic effects. A strategy for evaluating meaningful preventive effects is presented based on preventive thresholds for diagnostic conditions, midpoint targets and proximal risk or protective mechanisms. Methods are described for using the results from BTMM analyses of these thresholds to estimate indices of intervention risk reduction or increase as they vary over baseline target levels, and potential cut points are presented for identifying subgroups that would benefit from program adaptation because of weak or potentially iatrogenic program effects. Simulated data are used to illustrate curves for the four forms of BTMM effects and how implications for adaptation change when untreated control group outcomes also vary over baseline target levels.
Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta for Refractory Out-of-Hospital Non-Traumatic Cardiac Arrest – A Case Report
Authors: Coniglio Carlo , Gamberini Lorenzo , Lupi Cristian , Cavallo Piergiorgio , Tartaglione Marco , Chiarini Valentina , Gordini Giovanni 
Published: September 2019

AbstractResuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) is a percutaneous transfemoral balloon technique used in select centers for resuscitation and temporary hemostasis of bleeding patients. Several animal studies demonstrated that its application in non-traumatic cardiac arrest could enhance cerebral and coronary perfusion during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR); despite this, there are few reports of its application in humans. This is a case report of REBOA application during a refractory out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in a 50-year-old man where Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) alone was unable to maintain a stable return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and Extracorporeal Cardiac Life Support (ECLS) was not available.
Comparison of anthropometric indicators to predict mortality in a population-based prospective study of children under 5 years in Niger
Authors: O’Brien Kieran S , Amza Abdou , Kadri Boubacar , Nassirou Beido , Cotter Sun Y , Stoller Nicole E , West Sheila K , Bailey Robin L , Porco Travis C , Keenan Jeremy D , Lietman Thomas M , Oldenburg Catherine E 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjective:In the present study, we aimed to compare anthropometric indicators as predictors of mortality in a community-based setting.Design:We conducted a population-based longitudinal study nested in a cluster-randomized trial. We assessed weight, height and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) on children 12 months after the trial began and used the trial’s annual census and monitoring visits to assess mortality over 2 years.Setting:Niger.Participants:Children aged 6–60 months during the study.Results:Of 1023 children included in the study at baseline, height-for-age Z-score, weight-for-age Z-score, weight-for-height Z-score and MUAC classified 777 (76·0 %), 630 (61·6 %), 131 (12·9 %) and eighty (7·8 %) children as moderately to severely malnourished, respectively. Over the 2-year study period, fifty-eight children (5·7 %) died. MUAC had the greatest AUC (0·68, 95 % CI 0·61, 0·75) and had the strongest association with mortality in this sample (hazard ratio = 2·21, 95 % CI 1·26, 3·89, P = 0·006).Conclusions:MUAC appears to be a better predictor of mortality than other anthropometric indicators in this community-based, high-malnutrition setting in Niger.
Adaptation and psychometric evaluation of the short version of Family Sense of Coherence Scale in a sample of persons with cancer in the palliative stage and their family members
Authors: Möllerberg Marie-Louise , Årestedt Kristofer , Sandgren Anna , Benzein Eva , Swahnberg Katarina 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectivesFor patients’ entire families, it can be challenging to live with cancer during the palliative stage. However, a sense of coherence buffers stress and could help health professionals identify families that require support. Therefore, the short version of the Family Sense of Coherence Scale (FSOC-S) was translated, culturally adapted, and validated in a Swedish sample.MethodsTranslation and cross-cultural adaptation of the FSOC-S into Swedish was conducted in accordance with the World Health Organization's Process for Translation and Adaptation of Research Instruments guidelines. Participants were recruited from two oncology clinics and two palliative centers in Sweden.ResultsContent validity was supported by experts (n = 7), persons with cancer (n = 179), and family members (n = 165). Homogeneity among items was satisfactory for persons with cancer and family members (item-total correlations were 0.45‒0.70 and 0.55‒0.72, respectively) as well as internal consistency (ordinal alpha = 0.91 and 0.91, respectively). Factor analyses supported unidimensionality. FSOC-S correlated (rs> 0.3) with hope, anxiety, and symptoms of depression, which supported convergent validity. The test-retest reliability for items ranged between fair and good (kw= 0.37‒0.61).Significance of ResultsThe FSOC-S has satisfactory measurement properties to assess family sense of coherence in persons with cancer and their family members. FSOC-S could be used to identify family members who experience low levels of perceived family sense of coherence which provides health care professionals with insight into families’ needs and ability to live with cancer in the palliative stage.
Working alliance does not mediate the relation between outcome expectancy and symptom improvement following cognitive behavioural therapy for social anxiety disorder
Authors: Draheim Amanda A. , Anderson Page L. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA small body of research shows that the working alliance mediates the relation between outcome expectancy and treatment response, but this model has not been applied to the treatment of social anxiety disorder. The present study tests the hypothesis that the working alliance mediates the relation between outcome expectancy and symptom improvement within a randomized controlled trial testing the efficacy of virtual reality exposure therapy for social anxiety disorder. A sample of 54 individuals diagnosed with social anxiety disorder completed eight sessions of virtual reality exposure therapy or exposure group therapy. Participants completed standardized self-report measures of outcome expectancy at the first session, of the working alliance at each session, and three measures of social anxiety symptoms at pre- and post-treatment. The working alliance did not mediate the relation between outcome expectancy and symptom improvement across time points, dependent measures, and treatment type. Bayes factors were calculated for the relation between the working alliance and symptom reduction, while controlling for outcome expectancy and therapist effects. Results were inconclusive. These null findings are intriguing and urge further study of the mechanisms through which common factors relate to treatment response. Utilization of Bayesian analyses may help to clarify the nature of these relations.Key learning aims
(1)Readers will consider the role of common factors in treatment for social anxiety disorder.(2)Readers will learn about how different common factors may interact with each other.(3)Readers will be encouraged to consider how the therapeutic relationship may manifest in a unique manner in treatment for social anxiety.
Ultra-compact quasi-elliptic bandpass filter based on capacitive-loaded eighth-mode SIW cavities
Authors: Liu Qing , Zhou Dongfang , Zhang Dewei , Bian Chenge , Zhang Yi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis paper reports a novel fourth-order quasi-elliptic bandpass filter (BPF) based on capacitive-loaded eighth-mode substrate integrated waveguide (CLEMSIW) cavities. The CLEMSIW cavity is constructed by the conventional eighth-mode SIW with two dielectric substrates and three metal layers; a metal via is employed to connect the middle and bottom metal layers. The middle metal layer achieves a large loading capacitance to shift the resonance frequency. The proposed filter is designed in a quadruple scheme, and two controllable finite-transmission zeros can be realized. For the demonstration, a prototype with a center frequency of 1 GHz and a fractional bandwidth of 10% was designed, fabricated, and measured. The measured results agree well with simulated ones. The proposed filter has advantages of ultra-compact size, high selectivity, and good stopband performances.
Open for Politics? Globalization, Economic Growth, and Responsibility Attribution
Authors: Jensen Nathan M. , Rosas Guillermo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPrevious literature suggests that economic performance affects government approval asymmetrically, either because voters are quicker to blame incompetence than to credit ability (grievance asymmetry) or because they understand that the degree to which policy-makers can affect the economy varies depending on economic openness (clarity of responsibility asymmetry). We seek to understand whether these asymmetries coexist, arguing that these theories conjointly imply that globalization may have the capacity to mitigate blame for bad outcomes but should neither promote nor reduce credit to policy-makers for good economic outcomes. We look for evidence of these asymmetries in three survey experiments carried out in the USA and Canada in 2014 and 2015. We find ample experimental evidence in support of the grievance asymmetry, but our results are mixed on the impact of economic openness on blame mitigation, with some evidence of this phenomenon in the USA, but not in Canada.
Atmosphere‐Ocean CO2 Exchange Across the Last Deglaciation From the Boron Isotope Proxy
Authors: Shao Jun , Stott Lowell D. , Gray William R. , Greenop Rosanna , Pecher Ingo , Neil Helen L. , Coffin Richard B. , Davy Bryan , Rae James W.B. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIdentifying processes within the Earth System that have modulated atmospheric pCO2 during each glacial cycle of the late Pleistocene stands as one of the grand challenges in climate science. The growing array of surface ocean pH estimates from the boron isotope proxy across the last glacial termination may reveal regions of the ocean that influenced the timing and magnitude of pCO2 rise. Here we present two new boron isotope records from the subtropical‐subpolar transition zone of the Southwest Pacific that span the last 20 kyr, as well as new radiocarbon data from the same cores. The new data suggest this region was a source of carbon to the atmosphere rather than a moderate sink as it is today. Significantly higher outgassing is observed between ~16.5 and 14 kyr BP, associated with increasing δ13C and [CO3]2− at depth, suggesting loss of carbon from the intermediate ocean to the atmosphere. We use these new boron isotope records together with existing records to build a composite pH/pCO2 curve for the surface oceans. The pH disequilibrium/CO2 outgassing was widespread throughout the last deglaciation, likely explained by upwelling of CO2 from the deep/intermediate ocean. During the Holocene, a smaller outgassing peak is observed at a time of relatively stable atmospheric CO2, which may be explained by regrowth of the terrestrial biosphere countering ocean CO2 release. Our stack is likely biased toward upwelling/CO2 source regions. Nevertheless, the composite pCO2 curve provides robust evidence that various parts of the ocean were releasing CO2 to the atmosphere over the last 25 kyr.
Including Plastic Strain Into the Discrete Preisach‐Mayergoyz Space: Application to Granular Media
Authors: Sajeva A. , Capaccioli S. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe Preisach‐Mayergoyz (PM) model describes hysteretic behavior in several fields. For fractured rocks, a discretized version of the PM model successfully models nonlinear hysteretic elasticity under multiple loading cycles. In addition to hysteresis, granular media are subjected to large irreversible (plastic) deformation. To account for plastic deformation, we propose a modification of the PM density matrix, in which we include negative opening pressure. We associate negative opening pressure with rearrangements of the contact network. We apply the model to three sand samples undergoing multiple isotropic loading cycles. Calibrating the model parameters from quasi‐static measurements of volumetric deformation, we estimate the quality of prediction of the dynamic bulk modulus. When this elastoplastic PM model is compared to the classic PM model, strong improvements are found both in matching the strain path and in the estimation of the dynamic bulk modulus.
Atmospheric Blocking and Other Large‐Scale Precursor Patterns of Landfalling Atmospheric Rivers in the North Pacific: A CESM2 Study
Authors: Benedict James J. , Clement Amy C. , Medeiros Brian 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAtmospheric rivers (ARs) manifest as transient filaments of intense water vapor transport that contribute to synoptic‐scale extremes and interannual variability of precipitation. Despite these influences, the synoptic‐ to planetary‐scale processes that lead to ARs remain inadequately understood. In this study, North Pacific ARs within the November–April season are objectively identified in both reanalysis data and the Community Earth System Model Version 2, and atmospheric patterns preceding AR landfalls beyond 1 week in advance are examined. Latitudinal dependence of the AR processes is investigated by sampling events near the Oregon (45°N, 230°E) and southern California (35°N, 230°E) coasts. Oregon ARs exhibit a pronounced anticyclone emerging over Alaska 1–2 weeks before AR landfall that migrates westward into Siberia, dual midlatitude cyclones developing over southeast coastal Asia and the northeast Pacific, and a zonally elongated band of enhanced water vapor transport spanning the entire North Pacific basin that guides anomalous moisture toward the North American west coast. The precursor high‐latitude anticyclone corresponds to a significant increase in atmospheric blocking probability, suppressed synoptic eddy activity, and an equatorward‐shifted storm track. Southern California ARs also exhibit high‐latitude blocking but have an earlier‐developing and more intense northeast Pacific cyclone. Compared to reanalysis, Community Earth System Model Version 2 underestimates Northeast Pacific AR frequencies by 5–20% but generally captures AR precursor patterns well, particularly for Oregon ARs. Collectively, these results indicate that the identified precursor patterns represent physical processes that are central to ARs and are not simply an artifact of statistical analysis.
Mechanisms, Upscaling, and Prediction of Anomalous Dispersion in Heterogeneous Porous Media
Authors: Comolli Alessandro , Hakoun Vivien , Dentz Marco 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe study the upscaling and prediction of large‐scale solute dispersion in heterogeneous porous media with focus on preasymptotic or anomalous features such as tailing in breakthrough curves and spatial concentration profiles as well as nonlinear evolution of the spatial variance of the concentration distribution. Spatial heterogeneity in the hydraulic medium properties is represented in a stochastic modeling approach. Direct numerical Monte Carlo simulations of flow and advective particle motion combined with a Markov model for streamwise particle velocities give insight in the mechanisms of preasymptotic and asymptotic solute transport in terms of the statistical signatures of the medium and flow heterogeneity. Based on the representation of equidistantly sampled particle velocities as a Markov process, we derive an upscaled continuous time random walk approach that can be conditioned on the flow velocities and thus hydraulic conductivity in the injection region. In this modeling framework, we identify the Eulerian velocity distribution, advective tortuosity, and the correlation length of particle velocities as the key quantities for large‐scale transport prediction. Thus, the upscaled model predicts the spatial concentration profiles, their first and second centered moments, and the breakthrough curves obtained from direct numerical Monte Carlo simulations in spatially heterogeneous conductivity fields. The presented approach allows to relate the medium and flow properties to large‐scale preasymptotic and asymptotic solute dispersion.
Using Information Flow for Whole System Understanding From Component Dynamics
Authors: Jiang Peishi , Kumar Praveen 
Published: September 2019

AbstractComplex systems that exhibit emergent behaviors arise as a result of nonlinear interdependencies among multiple components. Characterizing how such whole system dynamics are sustained through multivariate interaction remains an open question. In this study, we propose an information flow‐based framework to investigate how the present state of any component arises as a result of the past interactions among interdependent variables, which is termed as causal history. Using a partitioning time lag, we divide this into immediate and distant causal history components and then characterize the information flow‐based interactions within these as self‐ and cross‐feedbacks. Such a partition allows us to characterize the information flow from the two feedbacks in both histories by using partial information decomposition as unique, synergistic, or redundant interactions. We employ this casual history analysis approach to investigate the information flows in a short‐memory coupled logistic model and a long‐memory observed stream chemistry dynamics. While the dynamics of the short‐memory system are mainly maintained by its recent historical states, the current state of each stream solute is sustained by self‐feedback‐dominated recent dynamics and cross‐dependency‐dominated earlier dynamics. The analysis suggests that the observed 1/fsignature of each solute is a result of the interactions with other variables in the stream. Based on high‐density data streams, the approach developed here for investigating multivariate evolutionary dynamics provides an effective way to understand how components of dynamical system interact to create emergent whole system behavioral patterns such as long‐memory dependency.