bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermomagnetic concentration and dephosphorizing of brown clay iron ore and concentrates
Authors: Mukhtar A. A. , Mukhymbekova M. K. , Makashev A. S. , Savin V. N. 
Published: October 2018

Oolitic brown clay iron ores are of prime economic importance because of their enormous stocks in the world. However, their use in metallurgical production is very severely limited at the present time because of the high content of phosphorus in them. The process of phosphorus extracting from these ores almost cannot be realized by the known enrichment methods, since phosphorus presents in oolites in the emulsionated and impregnated state, without forming the independent minerals in this case. Therefore, using of ores of the given type is very limited. Growth of the world steel production at this time has considerably increased demand for iron ore, for that reason in the last decades in the world there were made considerable efforts on creation of new manufacturing schemes of brown clay iron ores obtaining standard iron ore concentrates. Considerable reduction of rich and easily beneficiated iron ores in Kazakhstan results in necessity to attract in metallurgical production the huge resources of the easily extracted ooli tic brown clay iron ores of Lissakovsk, Ayat, Priaral, and other fields with the iron content from 35 to 40 % and phosphorus up to 1 %. The technology of thermomagnetic beneficiation is represented as the most self-sustainable and acceptable dephosphorizing technology of brown limonites. The essence of the technology consists in the reproduction by liquid hydrocarbon reducer (LHR), mesmerizing roasting of the concentrate, magnetic concentration of the roasted raw material receiving the magnetic concentrate with the subsequent dephosphorizing of the obtained concentrate by the acid leaching method. The technology was tested in pilot conditions by representative samplings of the Lissakovsk concentrate and the ores of Ayat and Kokbulak fields.
Description of dynamic viscosity depending on the alloys composition and temperature using state diagrams
Authors: Malyshev V. P. , Makasheva A. M. 
Published: October 2018

The equilibrium nature of viscosity and fluidity is discovered on the basis of the Boltzmann distribution within the framework of the concept of randomized particles as a result of the virtual presence of crystal-mobile, liquid-mobile and vapor-mobile particles. It allows one to consider the viscosity and fluidity of solutions, in particular, melts of metal alloys, from the point of view of the equilibrium partial contributions of each component in the total viscosity and fluidity, despite the kinetic interpretation of natural expressions for these properties of the liquid. A linearly additive partial expression of viscosity is possible only for perfect solutions, in this case, for alloys with unrestricted mutual solubility of the components. Alloys with eutectics, chemical compounds and other features of the state diagram are characterized by viscosity dependencies that repeat the shape of liquidus curve over entire range of the alloy composition at different temperatures, with an increase in smoothness and convergence of these curves at increasing temperature. It was established that these features of viscosity temperature dependence are completely revealed within the framework of the concept of randomized particles and the virtual cluster model of viscosity in calculating the fraction of clusters determining the viscosity of the alloy. That viscosity of the alloy is found by the formula in which thermal energy RTcr at liquidus temperature is the thermal barrier of chaotization, characterizing the crystallization temperature of the melt Tcr, as well as the melting point of pure substances. On this basis, a method is proposed for calculating the alloys viscosity by phase diagrams using the temperature dependences of pure components viscosity to change the alloy’s viscosity in proportion to ratio of the clusters fractions at any temperature above liquidus line and for the pure component, taking into account the mole fraction of each component. As a result, a three-factor model of the liquid alloy viscosity has been obtained in which the thermal barrier of chaotization RTcr is used as variable for the first time. It determines the fraction of clusters for both pure substances (at RTcr = RTm ) and for alloys. This thermal barrier reflects the essence of the virtual cluster theory of liquid and adequacy of the concept of randomized particles.
TAFRO Syndrome: A Case Report from Turkey and Review of the Literature
Authors: Islamoğlu Zeki , Duman Ali Erkan , Sirin Göktuğ , Yılmaz Hasan , Mengüç Meral Uluköylü , Erçetin Yiğit , Bozkurt Süheyla , Hülagü Sadettin , Çelebi Altay 
Published: October 2018

TAFRO syndrome is a rare subtype of the Castleman’s disease which has been described over the last years. The name of TAFRO syndrome comes from thrombocytopenia, anasarca, myelofibrosis, renal dysfunction, and organomegaly. We report a young Turkish male patient presented with fever, night sweats, fatigue, nausea, bilateral pretibial pitting edema, abdominal pain and watery diarrhea. PET/CT revealed multiple lymphadenopathies in cervical, axillary, mediastinal, paraaortic, mesenteric and inguinal lymph nodes. Excisional lymph node biopsy showed atretic germinal centers and expanded interfollicular areas, containing sheets of plasma cells. The R-CHOP regimen was started, and his signs and symptoms improved after the treatment. The current case confirms the unique presentation of this syndrome, helping to understand its clinical course and treatment strategy.
Caracterización de la carne de cuy (Cavia porcellus) para utilizarla en la elaboración de un embutido fermentado
Authors: Flores-Mancheno César Iván , Duarte Cira , Salgado-Tello Iván Patricio 
Published: October 2018

La carne de cuy, por su alto valor nutritivo, es importante en la alimentación humana, y clave para la seguridad alimentaria; además, es utilizada para la elaboración de productos agroindustriales. Las personas que consumen esta carne son menos propensas a enfermedades. El objetivo de la investigación fue caracterizar la carne de cuy para su posible utilización en la elaboración de un embutido fermentado. Las líneas de cuyes evaluadas fueron la Criolla, la Andina y la Peruana mejorada. La carne se caracterizó utilizando análisis de varianza para las diferencias y comparación de medias, según Duncan (p<0.05), desde el punto de vista físico-químico, microbiológico y sensorial. El contenido de humedad no registró diferencias entre las tres líneas evaluadas (75,6 % en el Andino, 73,3 % en el Peruano mejorado y 72,7 % en el Criollo). El mayor contenido de proteína (19,1 %) se encontró en el Criollo, así como el menor contenido de grasa (7,6 %). En cuanto a las características microbiológicas y sensoriales de la carne, cumple con los requisitos de calidad establecidos por las normas respectivas. La calidad de la carne de cuy permite su utilización en la formulación de un producto cárnico.
Development of Advanced Field Optimisation Techniques in Karachaganak Integrated Asset Model
Authors: Zhumabayev Bolat , Pulotova Lailo , Kaziyeva Indira , Kadenov Almas , Wilson Timothy , Saada Tamer , Yergazin Serik , Brancolini Alberto 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This paper presents the recent developments that have been achieved to improve the Karachaganak Integrated Asset Model (IAM). In 2014, SPE-172330 showed a step change in the application of integrated modelling techniques to this complex field and demonstrated the significant value of integration compared to standalone techniques.
The complexity of modelling and integration is driven by more than 120 operating wells (production and injection), a complex gathering system, multiple processing facilities and multiple export lines, combined with gas reinjection for reservoir pressure support. To correctly capture real operations, the model requires layers of constraints at well, facility and export levels and an appropriate line-up of wells to maximise field oil and gas production.
The model has been used to evaluate multiple field development projects with intensive capital investment worth several billions of US dollars. Hence, it is critical to ensure that the model is robust and replicates the reality.
The latest improvements presented in this paper include a description of a more enhanced field optimisation approach that fulfills oil and gas export as well as gas reinjection targets whilst respecting all of the field constraints. Optimising such a complex problem is a challenging task considering the number of variables and constraints in the system. Production well ranking for line-up selection has also been improved. Rather than following a single approach of well prioritisation, for example by well Gas/Oil ratio to maximise liquid production, in the new methodology wells are smartly picked to fulfill all export and gas injection targets.
Another improvement in the model was converting the optimisation logic, which was previously based on scripts, into open and transparent workflows using Visual Workflows in Resolve (application for connecting and running integrated models). This approach made it possible for Engineers to read, modify and extend the logic without having programming skills, bringing flexibility and sustainability into the model.
Several case studies of actual project evaluations using the improved Integrated Asset Model will also be discussed. These studies highlight the key results, the importance of the implemented improvements for decision-making and how these affect the bottom line of projects.
Geomechanics: A Key Input for Optimizing Drilling and Hydraulic Fracturing in a Depleted Oil and Gas Field in Kazakhstan
Authors: Kårstad Eirik , Zheng Yan , Lukpanov Akimzhan , Abzhanov Nariman , Giesemann Karl , Tyran Serik 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The Akshabulak field in the South Turgayskiy basin is located in a Mesozoic intracontinental rift with an Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous fill. The heterogeneous reservoir hosts significant oil and gas reserves and it has been successfully exploited with the implementation of hydraulic fracturing. After nearly 20 years of production, the reservoirs are significantly depleted and drilling new wells has been challenging. It became clear that an improved understanding of the geomechanical properties is required for delivery of a quality borehole and optimum hydraulic fracture stimulation for achieving long-term sustainable well performance.
This paper illustrates the workflow used for building the 1D-Geomechanical model required for optimum well construction and for optimizing the design of multi-stage hydraulic fracturing jobs. The one-dimensional model integrates basic petrophysical logs, dipole acoustic data, regional tectonic history, interpretation of mini-frac data and drilling data for identification of the current stress state.
The resulting best-fit 1D-Geomechanical model has been successfully applied on the latest wells drilled in this field. The new understanding of the in-situ stresses along with optimized wellbore stability predictions effectively balanced the risk of mud losses with the risk of borehole shear failures. Recently, a high quality horizontal well was successfully drilled towards the predicted best stress orientation, enabling optimal reservoir development and production.
Additionally, having a better understanding of the fracture gradient in the carbonate formation, which serves as a seal isolating the reservoir from the lower water zone, is critical. The new geomechanical model predicted a higher stress gradient as opposed to the established understanding of this formation. The hydraulic fracturing design was optimized by allowing a higher pump pressure during the stimulation treatment, which resulted in higher production without any sign of water breakthrough.
Consequently, a robust and effective geomechanical model has proven to be essential for enhancing recovery by improving the effectiveness of hydraulic fracturing, improving borehole quality by applying recommended optimal mud weights, as well as reducing NPT and costs by improving drilling performances.
Successful Application of Different Managed Pressure Drilling Techniques in Russia: Identification of Challenges and Selection of the Optimum Approach
Authors: Borges Sergio , Dobrokhleb Pavel , Krivolapov Dmitrii , Magda Andrey , Soroka Taras , Moiseenko Ivan 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The utilization of managed pressure drilling (MPD) techniques has grown significantly over the past three years in the Russian Federation. This paper describes the application of MPD surface back pressure technique using both single and multiphase drilling fluid systems in several oil and gas fields located in Russia.
The Komi Republic is one of the biggest oil and gas producing areas in the European part of Russia and among Russia's top ten producers. Although the Yurkharovskoye oil and gas condensate field in Western Siberia is in the Tazov Peninsula, most of the field is situated offshore. That part of the field is developed from onshore locations using horizontal and extended reach development wells. In Eastern Siberia, the Yurubcheno-Tokhomskoye field is one of the biggest oilfields and presents highly fractured carbonates. Each field presents a different challenge and requires a specific approach.
The application of MPD technology improved drilling performance and helped avoiding non-productive time. Utilization of reduced mud weight with MPD procedures using a semi-automated system helped reduce lost circulation and safely control background gas, thus avoiding well control events in the Lambeyshorkoye, Komandirshorkoye, and Alabushina fields. In the Yurkharovskoye field, a high-pressure, high-temperature well was successfully drilled to TD with application of a fully-automated MPD system, which facilitated precise control of bottomhole pressure during drilling, pumps-off events, and tripping operations. A multiphase MPD technique helped achieve planned TD in horizontal sections in Riphean formations of the Yurubcheno-Tokhomskoye field without catastrophic fluid losses. By injecting oil-base mud with nitrogen, the equivalent circulating density (ECD) was drastically reduced, lowering the volume of losses up to 5 times. In addition, near balance conditions increased the ROP while drilling. The first ever multi-lateral well drilled with multiphase MPD was successfully completed on Yurubcheno-Tokhomskoye field with minimal mud losses and no well control events.
This paper will present details about how MPD technology makes it possible to drill formations with narrow mud weight windows where traditional approach was ineffective. The application of MPD technology helped successfully drill wells while reducing non-productive time, improving performance, and increasing the safety for personnel.
Life Extension of Pierce Field Production Facilities, North Sea, UK
Authors: Forsyth Murray , Pennings Bruno 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The Pierce Field in the UK Central North Sea has production potential significantly beyond the originally anticipated life. A Life Extension project was initiated to develop a scope of work to refurbish and upgrade the facilities, suitable for the revised field life. The initial plan was to perform a ‘full reset’ of the facilities to extend their operating life for a further 15 years, but this resulted in a very long production outage (14 months) with an intense period of capital spend in the short term. With the low oil price environment emerging at the same time, there was a need to identify an alternative approach which would significantly improve the field cashflow by phasing the Life Extension work.
The revised approach was to develop a solution which had a more equitable balance of risk and value against cost, with production uptime a key value driver. Fundamental to this was building an understanding of the existing condition of the facilities and then developing a risk-based view of how they were likely to perform for the extended operational period. Focussing on the major risks and assessing them individually, ‘Decision-based’ roadmaps were then developed to plan the technical work required to enable decisions on mitigations to be made. A ‘Competitive Scoping’ mindset was used to ensure fit-for-purpose solutions were tailored to the specific risks. Starting from a ‘do-nothing’ perspective as the base-case, the incremental value of the mitigations was shown and compared to the level of risk reduction they brought. This then allowed decisions to be made on the optimum mitigation solution.
In addition to the technical assessment of the individual risks, the execution strategy was also developed and concluded that a phased approach was achievable and would significantly improve cashflow from the asset.
The result was a Life Extension ‘Programme’ rather than a single ‘Project’, where short, medium and long-term Life Extension scopes are scheduled according to their necessity. Each Life Extension scope will be managed as an individual sub-project and only executed ‘when required’. The revised strategy avoided an extended production outage in the short term, reduced total cost by circa 50%, and phased the spend over approximately 10 years.
Real Time Shipping
Authors: Vedat Kris , Eldred Morgan , Fernandez Francisco , Thatcher Jimmy 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This paper puts forward a first of its kind integration and transparency of Offshore Supply Vessels providing global positioning, fuel analysis and manifest details on the Tengiz mega project. Thus, enabling the project to have a faster execution time. The methods of research and design used a data-driven and action-based methodology.
First, by the integration of disparate data, analysis on verification and then trend analysis to do a higher level of analytics. Machine learning techniques have been researched that when deployed will provide further enhancement to Caspian offshore planning work, that will significantly improve speed and efficiency on major capital projects.
3D Seismic Geomorphological Analysis of Potential Pre-Salt Hydrocarbon Reservoirs in South-Eastern Margin of Precaspian Basin
Authors: Eskozha Bazar Atashevich , Aimagambetov Marat Utegenovich , Brichikova Marina Petrovna , Shaikhina Dana Serikovna 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The southeastern margin of the Precaspian basin is a prolific region with number of oil and gas fields in Mesozoic and Upper Paleozoic reservoirs. During the last decades, the productivity of Upper Devonian to Artinskian age structures in pre-salt section has been proven including Kashagan, Tengiz, Kairan, Ansagan fields and South-East Tasym structure. At the same time, the complex structure of predominantly carbonate sequence at depths of 5-7 km presents challenges in assessment of hydrocarbon potential.
With expansion of technical capabilities in high temperature and high pressure deep-hole drilling and new technologies in the field of processing and interpretation of seismic data, the prospect of discovering large oil and gas accumulations in the deep Devonian and Carboniferous formations is increasingly attracting oil and gas companies.
An attempt to analyze and summarize the results of the seismic interpretation of subsalt structures Maksat-Pionerskaya, Tazhigali-Pustynnaya, Kultuk Severny, Prorva Glubokaya, Ogay and Ansagan field (located close to the giant Tengiz oil field) using modern interpretation tools was made in this work. With an integrated approach applied in this work the geomorphology of horizons was significantly refined and showed the extended technological possibilities of using modern tools for interpreting seismic data.
Evaluation of Polymer Flooding Efficiency at Brownfield Development Stage of Giant Kalamkas Oilfield, Western Kazakhstan
Authors: Sagyndikov Marat , Mukhambetov Bolat , Orynbasar Yermek , Nurbulatov Aslanbek , Aidarbayev Sanat 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This paper presents results of polymer flooding application to Kalamkas oilfield with high watercut and low recovery factor (RF).
The high layered vertical heterogeneity in permeability and unfavorable oil-water viscosity ratio in reservoir conditions (&gt;20) of the field predetermined the need for chemical methods to enhanced oil recovery (EOR), such as polymer flooding.
Polymer flooding pilot has been conducted since 2014. The analysis is based on current and cumulative production data plus Production Logging Testing (PLT) and Injection Logging Testing (ILT) interpretations.
There is an improvement of vertical sweep efficiency in injection wells and blocking of washed water zones in production wells. The results of the EOR pilot show a decrease in watercut and an increase in the recovery factor.
Our calculations conducted on hard data from the oilfield confirm that a specially designed polymer flooding technology for Kalamkas brownfield development is plausible and commercial.
The First Comprehensive Study of Tracer-Based Technologies in Reservoir Conditions
Authors: Dulkarnaev Marat , Ovchinnikov Kirill , Gurianov Andrey , Anopov Alexey , Malyavko Evgeny 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
At the present time, it has become progressively more common for countries around the world to use tracer's methods of production logging in horizontal wells. The utilization of tracers/markers doesn't require well intervention with Coiled Tubing or tractors in order to obtain qualitative and quantitative data for inflow of reservoir fluid per interval. Tracer/marker technologies is a quantum leap in production logging as it is potentially capable of producing ten (10) to twenty (20) times more downhole data in a period of several years. The knowledge of downhole production in dynamics of years helps in developing oil and gas fields, locating neighboring wells to be drilled, optimization of horizontal lateral length or even a number of fracturing stages per well.
The principal difference between these technologies and traditional methods of well surveys (WS) is their ability to monitor the operation of ports or intervals in a well over a long period of time, with a significant reduction in resources involved, a reduction in costs and an enhanced production safety. However, the question remains whether the claimed specifications of tracer technologies correspond to the actual ones. Sometimes, the decision on the implementation of tracer PLT is made with weak quality assurance measures causing subsequent compromise of project results as a whole.
The value of this article is the development of a methodology for a comprehensive assessment of the operability, reliability and accuracy of operation for various tracer technologies available in the market. Based on results of this research being conducted, the article suggests recommendations from producer companies that can be used as technical criteria when selecting a contractor for tracer studies.