bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Review on the Dietary Flavonoid Tiliroside
Authors: Grochowski Daniel M. , Locatelli Marcello , Granica Sebastian , Cacciagrano Francesco , Tomczyk Michał 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAmong flavonoid derivatives, tiliroside is a flavonoid contained in several edible plants or specific plant parts (fruits, leaves, or roots). These parts are often widely used as both food and medicines, in the treatment of various ailments and, in some cases, as food supplements. Considering the easy access to many publications concerning tiliroside and the lack of a review that summarizes the current progress in studies on its safety, efficacy, and presence in the plant kingdom, we present here a review paper on tiliroside and its principal derivatives. The paper also highlights the basic knowledge regarding this molecule, its derivatives, and the analytical approaches used for extraction and quantification, as well as reports on the biological activities against different key enzymes linked to various human diseases. The reported information is also devoted to highlighting the concept “learn from nature to discover new products,” particularly in the development of new drugs, food supplements, and nutraceuticals, starting from a natural lead compound such as tiliroside and improving its biological activities (and selectivities) against a specific target for therapeutic purposes.
Distinguishing Characteristics of Robotic Writing
Authors: Dumitra Aurora , Guzowski Anna , Jean Alynka , Shaw Melvin , Warmbier Grace , Zippo Patricia 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAdvances in robotic handwriting technology create new challenges for forensic document examiners. In the past, devices such as the autopen were used to replicate signatures of government officials and corporate companies. In today's technology, companies such as Bond utilize robots to create written documents, which mimic natural patterns of handwriting. They generate customizable written samples by simulating pen movements and letter formations. Four forensic document examiners were given various reproduced questioned documents and utilized a modified ACE‐V (analysis, comparison, evaluation, verification) methodology to determine their genuineness. Examiners were able to make a distinction between the human writing samples and the skilled robotic equivalents. Several distinct features that are not seen in natural handwriting, such as even pen pressure and the superimposition of letterforms were observed in the robotic samples. Careful examination of identifying features of the Bond produced documents resulted in an opinion of nongenuineness.
Long‐term prognosis after biliary stenting for common bile duct stones in high‐risk elderly patients
Authors: Akazawa Yu , Ohtani Masahiro , Nosaka Takuto , Saito Yasushi , Takahashi Kazuto , Naito Tatsushi , Ofuji Kazuya , Matsuda Hidetaka , Hiramatsu Katsushi , Nemoto Tomoyuki , Nakamoto Yasunari 
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the long‐term outcomes of complete common bile duct (CBD) stone removal and biliary stenting in elderly patients (≥85 years) with CBD stones.METHODSWe retrospectively examined 65 patients who underwent complete CBD stone removal (the duct clearance group) and 40 patients who underwent biliary stenting (the biliary stenting group) between July 2006 and March 2016. To reduce selection bias, we also conducted a propensity score matching analysis and generated 30 pairs of patients. Cholangitis recurrence‐free survival and overall survival were compared between the two groups and independent prognostic factors of survival were identified by univariate and multivariate analyses.RESULTSCholangitis recurrence‐free survival was significantly better in the duct clearance group than in the biliary stenting group (P < 0.001). Their overall survival did not significantly differ after propensity score matching (P = 0.388). In all cohorts, univariate analysis demonstrated that poor performance status and biliary stenting were factors of poor prognosis, and in multivariate analysis only performance status remained associated with poor prognosis for survival. Similarly, in the propensity score‐matched cohort, only performance status independently predicted poorer survival (hazard ratio [HR] 2.726, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.105–6.675, P = 0.029). The choice of endoscopic treatment was not a significant factor associated with prognosis (HR 1.354, 95% CI 0.678–2.701, P = 0.391).CONCLUSIONSBiliary stenting was similar to complete stone removal in terms of prognosis for long‐term survival. Biliary stenting for CBD stones could be an effective therapeutic tool in high‐risk elderly patients.
Survival outcomes following primary tumor resection for patients with incurable metastatic colorectal carcinoma: Experience from a single institution
Authors: Lau Joel WL , Chang Heidi SY , Lee Kai Y , Gwee Yong X , Lee Wen Q , Chong Choon S 
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVEPalliative primary tumor resection (PTR) has been used for preventing and treating tumor‐related complications. We aimed to determine whether PTR can increase overall survival (OS) in patients with unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC).METHODSA retrospective review of a prospectively collected database in a single center was performed. Patients diagnosed with metastatic CRC from January 2004 to December 2014 were included. Patients who had attained curative resection or had disease recurrence were excluded. All patients were discussed at a multidisciplinary tumor board where subsequent treatment decisions were made.RESULTSAltogether 408 patients were analyzed. Of these 145 received PTR with palliative chemotherapy (PC; group A), 110 received PC only (group B), 52 received PTR only (group C), while 101 received neither PTR nor PC (group D). Undergoing PTR led to statistically significant improvement in OS (22.7 months vs 12.1 months vs 6.9 months vs 2.7 months, P < 0.001). We performed subgroup analyses to control for potential confounders and found that the influence of PTR on OS persisted. With multivariate analysis, the predictors of poor OS were no PTR (hazards ratio [HR] 2.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.82–2.96, P < 0.001), no PC (HR 4.25, 95% CI 3.27–5.33, P < 0.001) and the presence of peritoneal metastases (HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.06–1.78, P = 0.018). Diversion surgery did not lead to a statistical difference in OS.CONCLUSIONSThe absences of PTR and PC, and peritoneal metastases are independently associated with decreased OS in patients with unresectable metastatic CRC. Randomized controlled trials are needed to verify this observation.
Long‐term outcome of group D patients with negative serum anti‐Helicobacter pylori antibody and positive serum pepsinogen test in healthy Koreans
Authors: Han Yoo Min , Chung Su Jin , Choi Ji Min , Lee Changhyun , Kim Joo Sung 
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to assess the clinical characteristics and long‐term outcomes of group D patients (negative H. pylori antibodies and positive pepsinogen level).METHODSGroup D patients were divided into two groups, that is, the limited endoscopic atrophic gastritis (EAG) group with EAG confined to the antrum and angle (C1 and C2) and the advanced EAG group with gastric body‐involved EAG (C3 to O3). We compared the progression of precursor lesions and the occurrence of gastric neoplasms between the two groups.RESULTSAmong 107 group D patients, the advanced EAG group (n = 60) was elder and had a lower pepsinogen I level and a lower pepsinogen I to II ratio (PGI/II) than the limited EAG group (n = 47). Among the 52 patients who underwent a follow‐up endoscopy, three gastric neoplasms were detected (one in the limited and two in the advanced EAG groups). During a median follow‐up of 44 months, 10 (43.5%) patients in the limited and 13 (52.0%) in the advanced EAG groups showed EAG progression or newly occurred intestinal metaplasia. A family history of GC (odds ratio [OR] 44.974, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.360–1487.087), a lower PGI/II (OR 0.247, 95% CI 0.085–0.717) and a longer follow‐up duration (OR 1.832, 95% CI 1.200–2.796) increased the risk of progression.CONCLUSIONA family history of GC and low baseline PGI/II were independently associated with an increased risk of progression of precursor lesions of GC.
Harnessing the MinION: An example of how to establish long‐read sequencing in a laboratory using challenging plant tissue from Eucalyptus pauciflora
Authors: Schalamun Miriam , Nagar Ramawatar , Kainer David , Beavan Eleanor , Eccles David , Rathjen John P. , Lanfear Robert , Schwessinger Benjamin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractLong‐read sequencing technologies are transforming our ability to assemble highly complex genomes. Realizing their full potential is critically reliant on extracting high‐quality, high‐molecular‐weight (HMW) DNA from the organisms of interest. This is especially the case for the portable MinION sequencer which enables all laboratories to undertake their own genome sequencing projects, due to its low entry cost and minimal spatial footprint. One challenge of the MinION is that each group has to independently establish effective protocols for using the instrument, which can be time‐consuming and costly. Here, we present a workflow and protocols that enabled us to establish MinION sequencing in our own laboratories, based on optimizing DNA extraction from a challenging plant tissue as a case study. Following the workflow illustrated, we were able to reliably and repeatedly obtain >6.5 Gb of long‐read sequencing data with a mean read length of 13 kb and an N50 of 26 kb. Our protocols are open source and can be performed in any laboratory without special equipment. We also illustrate some more elaborate workflows which can increase mean and average read lengths if this is desired. We envision that our workflow for establishing MinION sequencing, including the illustration of potential pitfalls and suggestions of how to adapt it to other tissue types, will be useful to others who plan to establish long‐read sequencing in their own laboratories.
Effects of butyrate supplementation in antibiotic‐free milk replacer and starter on growth performance in suckling calves
Authors: Roh Sanggun , Kimura Nobuhiro , Sakamoto Kazushi , Nishihara Koki , Suzuki Keiichi , Katoh Kazuo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate butyrate supplementation of antibiotic‐free milk replacer and starter on growth performance in male Holstein calves. Twenty‐nine calves were divided into two groups. Group C (n = 13) was fed antibiotic‐free milk replacer without supplementation, and Group B (n = 16) was fed antibiotic‐free milk replacer supplemented with butyrate (1.6 % DM of Gustor BP70®). Starter in Group B contained 0.3 % DM of Gustor BP70®. The intake of milk replacer was lower in group B than in C (p = 0.07 for the treatment x week interaction). Body weight (BW) and heart girth (HG) in group B was higher than in C during the experimental period (p = 0.07 and 0.01 for the treatment × week interaction, respectively). The duration of the weaning period in group B was shorter than in group C (p = 0.02). β‐hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) was higher in group B than in C (p = 0.04). Insulin like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) concentrations tended to be higher in group B than in C (p = 0.07 for treatment × week interaction). Our results show that butyrate supplementation in antibiotic‐free milk replacer and starter exerted positive effects on growth performance in suckling calves.
Design, synthesis, and evaluation of novel diphenyl ether derivatives against drug‐susceptible and drug‐resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Kar Sidhartha S. , Bhat Varadaraj G. , Shenoy Vishnu P. , Bairy Indira , Shenoy G. Gautham 
Published: August 2018

In our efforts to develop druggable diphenyl ethers as potential antitubercular agents, a series of novel diphenyl ether derivatives (5a–f, 6a–f) were designed and synthesized. The representative compounds showed promising in vitro activity against drug‐susceptible, isoniazid‐resistant, and multidrug‐resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with MIC values of 1.56 μg/ml (6b), 6.25 μg/ml (6a–d), and 3.125 μg/ml (6b–c), respectively. All the synthesized compounds exhibited satisfactory safety profile (CC50 > 300 μg/ml) against Vero and HepG2 cells. Reverse phase HPLC method was used to probe the physicochemical properties of the synthesized compounds. This series of compounds demonstrated comparatively low logP values. pKa values of representative compounds indicated that they were weak acids. Additionally, in vitro human liver microsomal stability assay confirmed that the synthesized compounds possessed acceptable stability under study conditions. The present study thus establishes compound 6b as the most promising antitubercular agent with acceptable drug‐likeness.
Presence of diabetic retinopathy is associated with worse 10‐year mortality among Indigenous Australians in Central Australia: The Central Australian ocular health study
Authors: Landers John , Liu Ebony , Estevez José , Henderson Tim , Craig Jamie E. 
Published: August 2018

ImportanceDiabetes mellitus (DM) is highly prevalent among Indigenous Australians and contributes greatly to premature death. The association of diabetic retinopathy (DR) with early mortality, however, has not previously been reported among Indigenous Australians.BackgroundTo investigate associations between 10‐y mortality and the presence of DR among Indigenous Australians living in Central Australia.DesignProspective cohort study.ParticipantsA total of 1257 individuals aged 40 y or older, living in one of 30 remote communities within Central Australia were recruited through outreach clinics.MethodsFundus examination was performed on all patients at recruitment. The presence of any DR was recorded.Main Outcome MeasuresMortality rate and cause were obtained at 10 y, and their association with any DR was determined.ResultsTen‐year all‐cause mortality was found to be 29.3%. Of those with DM but no DR, 24.0% died during the 10 y after recruitment, compared with 40.1% for those with any DR (P < 0.0001). Those who had any DR were 75% more likely to die (hazard ratio [HR] 1.75; P < 0.0001) and were more likely to die from renal failure (HR 2.71; P = 0.004) or stroke (HR 5.91; P = 0.026).Conclusion and RelevanceThe presence of any DR among those with DM, was associated with a 75% greater 10‐y all‐cause mortality rate and were more likely to die from renal failure or stroke. We recommend that whenever DR is noted among Indigenous Australians with DM, that they be immediately referred for investigation and management of risk factors, which might predispose to renal failure and stroke.
Teachers' influence on purchase and wear of children's glasses in rural China: The PRICE study
Authors: Wang Xiuqin , Ma Yue , Hu Min , Jin Ling , Xiao Baixiang , Ni Ming , Yi Hongmei , Ma Xiaochen , Wang Congyao , Varga Beatrice , Huang Yiwen , Rozelle Scott , Congdon Nathan 
Published: August 2018

ImportanceUncorrected refractive error causes 90% of poor vision among Chinese children.BackgroundLittle is known about teachers' influence on children's glasses wear.DesignCohort study.ParticipantsChildren at 138 randomly selected primary schools in Guangdong and Yunnan provinces, China, with uncorrected visual acuity (VA) ≤6/12 in either eye correctable to >6/12 in both eyes, and their teachers.MethodsTeachers and children underwent VA testing and completed questionnaires about spectacles use and attitudes towards children's vision.Main Outcome MeasuresChildren's acceptance of free glasses, spectacle purchase and wear.ResultsA total of 882 children (mean age 10.6 years, 45.5% boys) and 276 teachers (mean age 37.9 years, 67.8% female) participated. Among teachers, 20.4% (56/275) believed glasses worsened children's vision, 68.4% (188/275) felt eye exercises prevented myopia, 55.0% (151/275) thought children with modest myopia should not wear glasses and 93.1% (256/275) encouraged children to obtain glasses.Teacher factors associated with children's glasses‐related behaviour included believing glasses harm children's vision (decreased purchase, univariate model: relative risk [RR] 0.65, 95% CI 0.43, 0.98, P < 0.05); supporting children's classroom glasses wear (increased glasses wear, univariate model: RR 2.20, 95% CI 1.23, 3.95, P < 0.01); and advising children to obtain glasses (increased free glasses acceptance, multivariate model: RR 2.74, 95% CI 1.29, 5.84, P < 0.01; increased wear, univariate model: RR 2.93, 95% CI 1.45, 5.90, P < 0.01), but not teacher's ownership/wear of glasses.Conclusions and RelevanceThough teachers had limited knowledge about children's vision, they influenced children's glasses acceptance.
Regenerative surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis using either a collagen membrane or concentrated growth factor: A 12‐month randomized clinical trial
Authors: Isler Sila Cagri , Soysal Fatma , Ceyhanlı Tugce , Bakırarar Batuhan , Unsal Berrin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundPlatelet concentration based membranes, as well as collagen membranes in combination with bone substitutes, have demonstrated successful outcomes in regeneration of peri‐implant bone defects (PBD).PurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of regenerative surgical treatment (RST) of peri‐implantitis using a bone substitute combined with two different bioresorbable barrier membranes, either collagen membrane (CM) or concentrated growth factor (CGF), during 12‐month follow‐up.Materials and MethodsFifty two patients, who had at least one peri‐implantitis lesion was treated by using a bone substitute in combination with CGF or CM. After surgical procedures, implants were allowed for submerged healing. Clinical assessments were conducted at baseline, 6 and 12 months postoperatively, while radiographic evaluation was performed at baseline and 12 months.ResultsSignificant reductions were obtained in the mean gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL) and mucosal recession (MR) values at both 6 and 12 months postoperatively compared to baseline for both treatment procedures (P < 0.05). At 6 months, no statistically significant difference was observed for all clinical parameters between the groups, whereas the mean PD, CAL and vertical defect depth (VDD) values were statistically significant in favor of the CM group at 12 months (P < 0.05). The mean defect fill (DF) in the CM group (1.99 ±0.76) was not statistically significantly different from that observed in the CCF group (1.63 ±1.00) (P = 0.154).ConclusionsThe outcomes of the present study suggest that both regenerative approaches yielded significant improvements in both clinical and radiographic assessments. The procedure using a collagen membrane in combination with a bone substitute showed better results at 12 months in RST of peri‐implantitis.
Diagnosis of gestational diabetes: a ‘teachable moment’
Authors: Okely J. , Mason C. , Collier A. , Dunnachie N. , Swanson V. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimsResearch regarding the determinants of concordance with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) treatment is limited. Here, we test whether the psychosocial changes outlined in the teachable moments model, as proposed by McBride et al. (McBride CM, Emmons KM, Lipkus IM. Understanding the potential of teachable moments: the case of smoking cessation. Health Educ Res 2003; 18: 156–170) are associated with following GDM treatment recommendations.MethodsFifty‐nine women completed a baseline questionnaire (1 week after GDM diagnosis) in which they reported risk perception, social support, emotional response, the importance of their maternal identity and self‐efficacy. One month later, participants reported their concordance with instructions regarding glucose monitoring, diet and, if applicable, medication. We used regression analysis to test for associations between the psychosocial factors measured at baseline and concordance at 1‐month follow‐up.ResultsThose who perceived their risk as higher or felt supported by family or friends were more likely to report a high level of concordance with GDM treatment. Emotional response, identity salience and self‐efficacy were not related to concordance.ConclusionsFuture interventions designed to increase concordance could benefit from a focus on risk perception and social support, as these factors appear to be most strongly associated with following GDM treatment recommendations.
Practicing Courage in a Communal Key
Authors: Stengel Barbara S. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBarbara Stengel's purpose in this essay is to complicate our understanding of the quality and status of educational courage as it is typically exercised in schools today, and to offer profiles of that courage in a minor key. If we only portray — and aspire to — courage in the heroic form that tilts against a system that is unfair, misguided, or both, we may fail to recognize that courage is practiced in the communal construction of action spaces that make the heroic form unnecessary. In building her argument, Stengel examines the calls for and descriptions of educational courage today; looks to Aristotle, Hans Georg Gadamer, and John Dewey for advice about how to approach courage as embodied, created in interaction, expressed as habit, and engendering responsibility; and then describes two sets of teachers she holds up as collective examples worthy of our consideration. In the process, Stengel stakes a claim for this view of courage in education in a minor key, one that is (more) contemporary, critical, inclusive, democratic, and communal.
“I Just Kept It to Myself”: The Shaping of Latina Suicidality Through Gendered Oppression, Silence, and Violence
Authors: Szlyk Hannah S. , Gulbas Lauren , Zayas Luis 
Published: August 2018

Suicide is a critical issue among Latina youth. In this study, we use family case analysis to explore how gendered oppression, silencing, and violence shape suicidal behaviors among a sample of Latina daughters (n = 10), and their parents. For comparison, we include family narratives from Latina adolescents with no histories of suicide attempts (n = 10). Results suggest how secrets and silence, as indicative of gendered oppression, may catalyze a suicide attempt. The risks are particularly salient when daughter and mother both have experienced violence that conflicts with gendered cultural scripts. Findings highlight the importance of parental engagement and exploration of histories of violence in the treatment of Latina suicide attempters. Future research should incorporate the risk factors of gendered oppression and violence to better understand the development of suicidality among Latina women.
PRODUCTIVITY OR UNEXPECTED DEMAND SHOCKS: WHAT DETERMINES FIRMS' INVESTMENT AND EXIT DECISIONS?
Authors: Kumar Pradeep , Zhang Hongsong 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe investigate the roles played by unexpected demand shocks, besides productivity, on firms' capital investment and exit decisions. We propose a practical approach to recover unexpected firm‐level demand shocks using inventory data. The recognition of demand shocks and inventory also improves the productivity estimation. The empirical results indicate that although productivity and demand shocks are both significant factors determining firm behavior, the former is more dominant for investment decision and the latter is more salient for firm exit. These findings confirm that unexpected demand shocks, besides persistent productivity, are important factors when analyzing capital investment and firm exit decisions.