bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Cross-Sectional Study on Malnutrition in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Is There a Difference Based on Pediatric or Adult Age Grouping?
Authors: Marcil Valérie , Levy Emile , Amre Devendra , Bitton Alain , Sant’Anna Ana Maria Guilhon de Araújo , Szilagy Andrew , Sinnett Daniel , Seidman Ernest G 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundMalnutrition, commonly observed in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is associated with increased morbidity and mortality and is attributed to multiple causes. The added energy costs of growth in the child and adolescent with IBD are an additional risk factor.MethodsThe aim of the study was to perform a cross-sectional comparison of nutritional parameters in IBD between pediatric and adult cases.ResultsWe found that prevalence of undernutrition (low body mass index) and hypoalbuminemia was not different in pediatric, compared with adult patients. Anemia and iron deficiency were more often observed in pediatric subjects, compared with adults (59.1% vs 36.9%, respectively, P < 0.0001; and 37.9% vs 25.3%, P < 0.002). Vitamin B12 deficiency was significantly less common in the pediatric than in the adult group (5.4% vs 19.4%, P < 0.0001). Elevated C-reactive protein was more frequent in pediatric compared with adult cases (49.8% vs 38.4%, P < 0.01).ConclusionsPatients with active Crohn’s disease were more likely to be undernourished in both pediatric and adult populations. In both groups, predicators of undernutrition included low albumin levels (odds ratio [OR], 2.53; P < 0.006) and active disease (OR, 1.99; P < 0.03). Our results call for close surveillance of nutritional status for IBD patients, regardless of age.
Cannula position and Bernoulli effect contribute to leg malperfusion during extracorporeal life support with femoral arterial cannulation—an in silico simulation study
Authors: Bongert Markus , Gehron Johannes , Geller Marius , Böning Andreas , Grieshaber Philippe 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Limb ischaemia during extracorporeal life support (ECLS) using femoral artery cannulation is frequently observed even in patients with regular vessel diameters and without peripheral arterial occlusive disease. We investigated underlying pathomechanisms using a virtual fluid-mechanical simulation of the human circulation.

METHODS
A life-sized model of the human aorta and major vascular branches was virtualized using 3-dimensional segmentation software (Mimics, Materialise). Steady-state simulation of different grades of cardiac output (0–100%) was performed using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFX, ANSYS). A straight cannula [virtualized 16 Fr (5.3 mm)] was inserted into the model via the left common femoral artery. The ECLS flow was varied between 1 and 5 l/min. The pressure boundary conditions at the arterial outlets were selected to demonstrate the downstream vascular system. Qualitative and quantitative analyses concerning flow velocity and direction were carried out in various regions of the model.

RESULTS
During all simulated stages of reduced cardiac output and subsequently adapted ECLS support, retrograde blood flow originating from the ECLS cannula was observed from the cannulation site up to the aortic bifurcation. Analysis of pressure showed induction of zones of negative pressure close to the cannula tip, consistent with the Bernoulli principle. Depending on cannula position and ECLS flow rate, this resulted in negative flow from the ipsilateral superficial femoral artery or the contralateral internal iliac artery. The antegrade flow to the non-cannulated side was generally greater than that to the cannulated side.

CONCLUSIONS
The cannula position and ECLS flow rate both influence lower limb perfusion during femoral ECLS. Therefore, efforts to optimize the cannula position and to avoid limb malperfusion, including placement of a distal perfusion cannula, should be undertaken in patients treated with ECLS.
Competition for Status Creates Superstars: an Experiment on Public Good Provision and Network Formation
Authors: van Leeuwen Boris , Offerman Theo , Schram Arthur 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe investigate a mechanism that facilitates the provision of public goods in a network formation game. We show how competition for status encourages a core player to realize efficiency gains for the entire group. In a laboratory experiment we systematically examine the effects of group size and exogenously monetarized status rents. The experimental results provide very clear support for the concept of challenge-freeness, a refinement that predicts when a repeated game equilibrium will be played, and if so which one. Two control treatments allow us to reject the possibility that these observations are driven by social preferences, independently of the competition for status.
Assessing Long-Term Survival Benefits of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Using the Net Survival Benefit
Authors: Péron Julien , Lambert Alexandre , Munier Stephane , Ozenne Brice , Giai Joris , Roy Pascal , Dalle Stéphane , Machingura Abigirl , Maucort-Boulch Delphine , Buyse Marc 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background
The treatment effect in survival analysis is commonly quantified as the hazard ratio, and tested statistically using the standard log-rank test. Modern anticancer immunotherapies are successful in a proportion of patients who remain alive even after a long-term follow-up. This new phenomenon induces a nonproportionality of the underlying hazards of death.

Methods
The properties of the net survival benefit were illustrated using the dataset from a trial evaluating ipilimumab in metastatic melanoma. The net survival benefit was then investigated through simulated datasets under typical scenarios of proportional hazards, delayed treatment effect, and cure rate. The net survival benefit test was computed according to the value of the minimal survival difference considered clinically relevant. As comparators, the standard and the weighted log-rank tests were also performed.

Results
In the illustrative dataset, the net survival benefit favored ipilimumab [Δ(0) = 15.8%, 95% confidence interval = 4.6% to 27.3%, P = .006]. This favorable effect was maintained when the analysis was focused on long-term survival differences (eg, >12 months, Δ(12) = 12.5% (95% confidence interval = 4.4% to 20.6%, P = .002). Under the scenarios of a delayed treatment effect and cure rate, the power of the net survival benefit test compared favorably to the standard log-rank test power and was comparable to the power of the weighted log-rank test for large values of the threshold of clinical relevance.

Conclusion
The net long-term survival benefit is a measure of treatment effect that is meaningful whether or not hazards are proportional. The associated statistical test is more powerful than the standard log-rank test when a delayed treatment effect is anticipated.
Trends in International Incidence of Pediatric Cancers in Children Under 5 Years of Age: 1988–2012
Authors: Hubbard Aubrey K , Spector Logan G , Fortuna Giulio , Marcotte Erin L , Poynter Jenny N 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundPediatric cancer incidence has been steadily increasing over the last several decades with the largest increases reported in infants. Few evaluations have looked at international pediatric cancer incidence trends in the youngest children. The aim of this analysis was to evaluate trends in cancer incidence in children under 5 years of age, overall and by type, using data from Cancer Incidence in 5 Continents (CI5) from 1988 to 2012 (CI5 volumes VII–XI).MethodsRates of cancers in children ages 0–4 years were extracted from registries available in CI5 from 1988 to 2012. To overcome small numbers in individual registries, numerators and denominators were aggregated within regions corresponding to the United Nations’ geoscheme. Average annual percent change (AAPC) was estimated using Poisson regression. Robust standard errors were used in all models to correct for overdispersion in some regions, and 95% Wald confidence intervals and P values were reported. The top five cancers by increasing AAPC were ranked within each region.ResultsOverall, in children under 5 years, increasing incidence was seen in multiple regions for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, ependymal tumors, neuroblastoma, and hepatoblastoma. Hepatoblastoma had the largest AAPC in 11 out of 15 regions and showed an increase in all regions except southern Asia. Astrocytic tumors were the only cancer that decreased over the time period.ConclusionsWe evaluated 25 years of cancer incidence in children ages 0–4 years and observed increases in incidence for hepatoblastoma, leukemia, neuroblastoma, and ependymal tumors. Further etiologic evaluation will be required to explain these increases in incidence.
The Health Status of Veteran Employees Compared to Civilian Employees in Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Schult Tamara M , Schmunk Sandra K , Marzolf James R , Mohr David C 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionVeterans Health Administration (VHA) is undergoing changes in the practice of health care focusing on approaches that prioritize veteran well-being. Given transformation efforts, opportunities exist to enhance the health and well-being of patients and employees alike – a significant proportion of whom are veterans. To date, differences in health status between veteran and civilian employees within VHA have not been examined.Materials and MethodsData from an annual organizational census survey with health promotion module conducted in 2015 were analyzed to estimate the prevalence of health risk behaviors, mental health, and chronic health conditions by veteran status within genders (n = 86,257). To further examine associations by gender between veteran status and health measures controlling for covariates, multivariate logistic regression analyses were utilized.ResultsPrevalence estimates generally indicated veterans have worse health status and health risk behaviors than their civilian counterparts. Results from multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated many significant associations between veteran status and health by gender controlling for other important demographic variables and a total comorbidity score. Compared to civilian employees within respective genders, both male and female veteran employees have increased odds of being a current smoker. Both male and female veteran employees have decreased odds of physical inactivity compared to civilian employees. For mental health and chronic health conditions, there are several conditions that veteran employees have increased odds for when compared to civilian employees of like gender; these include low back problems, arthritis, anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders.ConclusionsVeteran employees in VHA have worse health status than their civilian counterparts on a number of measures of health risk behaviors, mental health, and chronic health conditions. Given current organizational priorities aimed at cultural transformation, the present time is an optimal one to work collaboratively to enhance the health and well-being services that are available for patients and employees alike. All employees, particularly our unique population of veteran employees, will benefit from such an approach.
Effect of 7 Months of Physical Training and Military Routine on the Bone Mass of Young Adults
Authors: de Avila Josiel Almeida , Melloni Mauro Augusto Schreiter , Pascoa Mauro Alexandre , Cirolini Vagner Xavier , Barbeta Camila Justino de Oliveira , de Avila Rafael Almeida , Gonçalves Ezequiel Moreira , Guerra-Junior Gil 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Physical activity (PA) has a great influence on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC), however longitudinal studies that seek to relate bone mass to physical activity are scarce and have a small sample size. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of 7 months of military physical training (MPT), impact sports (IS), and swimming in the bone mass of young military adults.

Materials and Methods
A prospective study was conducted with 213 military school students (male and aged 19.2 ± 1.2 years) divided into three groups: MPT (n = 144), IS (n = 56), and Swimming (n = 13). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to determine body composition (percentage of fat, fat mass, and fat-free mass) and bone mass (BMD, BMD Z-Score, total BMC, arm BMC, leg BMC, and trunk BMC), at the beginning of the military service and after 7 months of training.

Results
It was observed a significant increase in BMD, BMD Z-Score, total BMC and BMC of all segments analyzed for all groups (p < 0.01). There was a significantly greater variation in BMD of the IS group in relation to the MPT group (p < 0.01), and in the arm BMC of the MPT group in relation to the IS group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
After 7 months of training, there were significant increases in BMC and BMD of all the groups evaluated. The bone response was associated with the muscular group used in the physical exercise and the IS group showed greater gain in BMD.
Impact of TBI, PTSD, and Hearing Loss on Tinnitus Progression in a US Marine Cohort
Authors: Clifford Royce E , Baker Dewleen , Risbrough Victoria B , Huang Mingxiong , Yurgil Kate A 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Mild TBI (TBI) is associated with up to a 75.7% incidence of tinnitus, and 33.0% of tinnitus patients at the US Veterans Administration carry a diagnosis of post-traumatic stress syndrome (PTSD). Yet factors contributing to new onset or exacerbation of tinnitus remain unclear.

Materials and Methods
Here we measure intermittent and constant tinnitus at two time points to ascertain whether pre-existing or co-occurring traumatic brain injury (TBI), hearing loss, or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) predicts new onset, lack of recovery and/or worsening of tinnitus in 2,600 United States Marines who were assessed before and after a combat deployment.

Results
Ordinal regression revealed that constant tinnitus before deployment was likely to continue after deployment (odds ratio [OR] = 28.62, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.84,83.26). Prior intermittent tinnitus increased risk of post-deployment constant tinnitus (OR = 4.95, CI: 2.97,8.27). Likelihood of tinnitus progression increased with partial PTSD (OR = 2.39, CI: 1.50,3.80) and TBI (OR = 1.59, CI: 1.13,2.23), particularly for blast TBI (OR = 2.01, CI: 1.27,3.12) and moderate to severe TBI (OR = 2.57, CI: 1.46,4.51). Tinnitus progression also increased with low frequency hearing loss (OR = 1.94, CI: 1.05,3.59), high frequency loss (OR = 3.01, CI: 1.91,4.76) and loss across both low and high frequency ranges (OR = 5.73, CI: 2.67,12.30).

Conclusions
Screening for pre-existing or individual symptoms of PTSD, TBI, and hearing loss may allow for more focused treatment programs of comorbid disorders. Identification of those personnel vulnerable to tinnitus or its progression may direct increased acoustic protection for those at risk.
Effect of Chronic Low Back Pain and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder on the Risk for Separation from the US Army
Authors: Benedict Timothy M , Singleton Michael D , Nitz Arthur J , Shing Tracie L , Kardouni Joseph R 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionCo-morbid post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and low back pain (LBP) are common reasons for increased disability in the Veteran communities. Medical discharge from the military represents a considerable financial cost to society. Little is currently known about the impact of LBP and PTSD as longitudinal risk factors for medical discharge from Active Duty military service.Materials and MethodsA retrospective analysis of US Army Active Duty Soldiers from 2002 to 2012 was performed to determine the risk for medical discharge. Four levels of exposure for were identified as independent variables: no chronic LBP or PTSD, chronic LBP only, PTSD only, and co-morbid PTSD present with chronic LBP. Statistical analysis utilized modified Poisson regression controlling for sex, age, rank, time in service, deployment, mental health, sleep disorders, alcohol use, tobacco use, obesity, and military occupation. This study was approved by a Department of Defense Institutional Review Board.ResultsAfter controlling for potential confounding variables, the RR for chronic LBP and PTSD independently was 3.65 (95% CI: 3.59–3.72) and 3.64 (95% CI: 3.53–3.75), respectively, and 5.17 (95% CI: 5.01–5.33) when both were present.ConclusionsThis is the first study to identify a history of both chronic LBP and PTSD as substantial risk factors for medical discharge from the US Army. PTSD and chronic LBP may mutually reinforce one another and deplete active coping strategies, making Soldiers less likely to be able to continue military service. Future research should target therapies for co-morbid PTSD and chronic LBP as these conditions contribute a substantial increase in risk of medical discharge from the US Army.
Candida isolates causing candidemia show different degrees of virulence in Galleria mellonella
Authors: Marcos-Zambrano Laura Judith , Bordallo-Cardona María Ángeles , Borghi Elisa , Falleni Monica , Tosi Delfina , Muñoz Patricia , Escribano Pilar , Guinea Jesús 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
We aim to assess intra- and interspecies differences in the virulence of Candida spp. strains causing candidemia using the invertebrate Galleria mellonella model. We studied 739 Candida spp. isolates (C. albicans [n = 373], C. parapsilosis [n = 203], C. glabrata [n = 92], C. tropicalis [n = 53], and C. krusei [n = 18]) collected from patients with candidemia admitted to Gregorio Marañon Hospital (Madrid, Spain). Species-specific infecting inocula (yeast cells/larva) were adjusted (5 × 105 [C. albicans, and C. tropicalis], 2 × 106–5 × 106 [C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata, and C. krusei]) and used to infect 10 larvae per isolate; percentage of survival and median survival per isolate were calculated. According to the interquartile range of the median survival, isolates with a median survival under P25 were classified as of high-virulence and isolates with a median survival over P75 as of low virulence. The median survival of larvae infected with different species was variable: C. albicans (n = 2 days, IQR &lt;1−3 days), C. tropicalis (n = 2 days, IQR 1.5−4 days), C. parapsilosis (n = 2 days, IQR 2−3.5 days), C. glabrata (n = 3 days, IQR 2−3 days), and C. krusei (n = 7 days, 6.5−&gt;8 days) (P &lt; .001). Differences in virulence among species were validated by histological examination (day +1 post-infection) in the larvae infected by the isolates of each virulence category and species. Virulence-related gene expression in C. albicans isolates did not reach statistical significance. We report species-specific virulence patterns of Candida spp. and show that isolates within a given species have different degrees of virulence in the animal model.
Electron-impact fine-structure excitation of Fe ii at low temperature
Authors: Wan Yier , Favreau C , Loch S D , McLaughlin B M , Qi Yueying , Stancil P C 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Fe ii emission lines are observed from nearly all classes of astronomical objects over a wide spectral range from the infrared to the ultraviolet. To meaningfully interpret these lines, reliable atomic data are necessary. In the work presented here we focused on low-lying fine-structure transitions, within the ground term, due to electron impact. We provide effective collision strengths together with estimated uncertainties as functions of temperature of astrophysical importance (10−100 000 K). Due to the importance of fine-structure transitions within the ground term, the focus of this work is on obtaining accurate rate coefficients at the lower end of this temperature range, for applications in low-temperature environments such as the interstellar medium. We performed three different flavours of scattering calculations: (i) an intermediate coupling frame transformation (icft) R-matrix method, (ii) a Breit–Pauli R-matrix (bprm) method, and (iii) a Dirac Atomic R-matrix Code (darc). The icft and bprm calculations involved three different autostructure target models each. The darc calculation was based on a reliable 20 configuration, 6069 level atomic structure model. Good agreement was found with our bprm and darc collision results compared to previous R-matrix calculations. We present a set of recommended effective collision strengths for the low-lying forbidden transitions together with associated uncertainty estimates.
Multiwavelength survey of X-ray sources in the Sculptor Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy
Authors: Arnason R M , Barmby P , Bahramian A , Maccarone T J , Zepf S E 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
We present an unprecedented, deep study of the primordial low-mass X-ray binary population in an isolated, lower metallicity environment. We perform follow-up observations of previously identified X-ray binary candidates in the Sculptor Dwarf Galaxy by combining a second Chandra observation with Spitzer and Gemini photometry, as well as Gemini spectroscopy of selected targets. Of the original nine bright X-ray sources identified, we are able to classify all but one as quasars, active galactic nuclei, or background galaxies. We further discover four new X-ray sources in the second-epoch Chandra observation. Three of these new sources are background sources and one is a foreground flaring star. We have found that Sculptor is effectively devoid of X-ray sources above a few 1034 erg s−1. If Sculptor is able to retain primordial binaries at a similar rate to globular clusters, this implies that bright X-ray binaries observed in globular clusters in the present epoch are all formed dynamically.
Premature Infant with Haemophilus parainfluenzae Sepsis: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Alsuhaibani Mohammed A 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHaemophilus parainfluenzae is an unusual causative organism of invasive bacterial infection in adults and children. Mortality and morbidity secondary to Haemophilus parainfluenzae have been documented in the literature. We present a rare case of a premature infant with early onset sepsis caused by Haemophilus parainfluenzae, who was born to a primigravida with chorioamnionitis. The infant was successfully treated for 10 days with antibiotics with no complications.
Thermal sensors improve wrist-worn position tracking
Authors: Son Jake J. , Clucas Jon C. , White Curt , Krishnakumar Anirudh , Vogelstein Joshua T. , Milham Michael P. , Klein Arno 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWearable devices provide a means of tracking hand position in relation to the head, but have mostly relied on wrist-worn inertial measurement unit sensors and proximity sensors, which are inadequate for identifying specific locations. This limits their utility for accurate and precise monitoring of behaviors or providing feedback to guide behaviors. A potential clinical application is monitoring body-focused repetitive behaviors (BFRBs), recurrent, injurious behaviors directed toward the body, such as nail biting and hair pulling, that are often misdiagnosed and undertreated. Here, we demonstrate that including thermal sensors achieves higher accuracy in position tracking when compared against inertial measurement unit and proximity sensor data alone. Our Tingle device distinguished between behaviors from six locations on the head across 39 adult participants, with high AUROC values (best was back of the head: median (1.0), median absolute deviation (0.0); worst was on the cheek: median (0.93), median absolute deviation (0.09)). This study presents preliminary evidence of the advantage of including thermal sensors for position tracking and the Tingle wearable device’s potential use in a wide variety of settings, including BFRB diagnosis and management.