bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparing future physicians for the gun violence crisis: development of a firearm safety curriculum for medical students during the surgery clerkship
Authors: Hernandez Alexandra E. , Collie Brianna L. , Delamater Jessica , Presser Maxwell , Huerta Carlos T. , Courel Steve C. , Sands Laurence R. , Hui Vanessa W. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Firearm injuries are a major public health crisis; however, providers are not routinely educated on how to discuss this topic with their patients. To address this gap, a firearm safety curriculum was developed for medical students during their surgery clerkship. Perceptions, knowledge, and preparedness for counseling patients was evaluated before and after dissemination.

Methods
All second-year medical students enrolled in the surgery core clerkship from March 2023 to March 2024 were included. The curriculum consists of a 30-min didactic presentation discussing gun violence with techniques to identify and counsel at-risk patients followed by a 30-min, interactive case-based discussion where students simulate counseling strategies. Pre- and post-session surveys included a 5-point Likert scale to evaluate efficacy of the curriculum. Paired student’s t test was conducted to compare pre- and post-survey responses.

Results
Of the 249 students, 54.6% % were female, 50.9% were White, and mean age was 25 ± 2 years. While 91.9% of students responded that they had never owned a gun, 37.8% had lived in a home where a gun was present, and 48.2% had fired a gun before. Only 24.7% of students had previously taken a gun-safety course, and 15.4% received training on counseling patients on firearm safety. One hundred thirty three students completed both pre- and post-session surveys for analysis. After the course, students had higher agreement on the importance of physician’s roles and responsibilities in patient education on firearm safety, and students felt more prepared to counsel patients. Knowledge of patient risk factors for firearm injury increased significantly from students being able to identify 1.4 ± 1.1 risk factors correctly on pre-test to identifying 2.6 ± 1.6 risk factors correctly on post-test (t(64) = − 5.6, p < 0.01).

Conclusion
The firearm safety curriculum is a simple and effective tool that augments students’ knowledge and understanding of gun violence, as well as prepares them to counsel patients on firearm safety. This curriculum can be widely implemented as an important intervention to equip future physicians with the necessary tools to help address the firearm crisis in the United States.
Digital transformation and financing constraints: evidence from Chinese manufacturing multinational enterprises
Authors: Bo Lan , Li Haoyu , Zhang Shijin , Tang Ruize 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In light of recent global economic uncertainties and technological advancements, it has become crucial to build new competitive advantages for Chinese manufacturing enterprises in the international arena, with the impact of their digital transformation efforts being particularly significant. This research addresses a pressing need to understand how digital transformation can be strategically utilized to overcome financial barriers for Chinese manufacturing multinational enterprises. Using data from Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed companies between 2011 and 2023, the study reveals that digital transformation can effectively ease financial constraints faced by these manufacturing multinational enterprises through reducing information asymmetry and enhancing innovation capability. Moreover, the depth of the internationalization strategy enhances the positive effects of digital transformation on financing constraints, whereas a broader international presence tends to substitute these benefits. Additional analysis shows that digital transformation as a whole, irrespective of the specific focus area, effectively alleviates financing constraints, delivering consistent benefits across all continents. Notably, compared to non-multinational Chinese manufacturing firms, multinational manufacturing companies experience a greater alleviation of financing constraints through digital transformation. The study concludes that digital transformation is a vital tool for reducing financial barriers in multinational manufacturing firms. These findings will contribute to the broader discourse on digitalization in emerging markets and offer practical implications for business strategy and financial management in the digital age.
CBENet: contextual and boundary-enhanced network for oil spill detection via microwave remote sensing
Authors: Di Mengmeng , Di Xinnan , Xiao Huiyao , Gao Ying , Li Yongqing 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In microwave remote sensing images, oil spills are generally distributed at various scales with blurry boundaries. To accurately detect variable oil spills from microwave remote sensing images, especially from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images, we developed a contextual and boundary-enhanced network (CBENet) for oil spill detection from SAR observation images. The CBENet employs an encoder-decoder architecture that includes an encoder, a contextual fusion module, and a decoder. The encoder-decoder architecture intrinsically captures both global and local features of oil spills through the downsampling and upsampling processes inherent to the framework. The contextual fusion module enhances the contextual feature fusion using parallel dilated convolution branches. Furthermore, the utilization of a boundary-enhanced loss function further improves detection by focusing on the precise identification of oil spill boundaries. These properties strengthen the CBENet to effectively detect oil spills with blurry boundaries. The effectiveness of the CBENet has been validated through comprehensive empirical experiments including qualitative and quantitative evaluations. Comparative analyses demonstrate that CBENet outperforms several state-of-the-art detection models, significantly enhancing oil spill detection accuracy from SAR observation images.
Tungstate intercalated Mg-Al layered double hydroxide and its derived mixed metal oxide: preparation, characterization, and investigation of optical, electrical, and dielectric properties
Authors: Lahkale Redouane , Sabbar Elmouloudi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Layered double hydroxides intercalated with tungstate ions ([WO4]2–) are among the anionic clays with interesting applications due to the physicochemical properties of the element tungsten. Their transformation by calcination into the corresponding derived mixed metal oxides should modify their properties. In view of this, the aim of this study is to compare the light absorption behavior of tungstate intercalated Mg-Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) with that of its derived mixed metal oxide (MMO), as well as their electrical and dielectric properties. The LDH precursor was prepared successfully by the co-precipitation method at pH 10, while MMO was obtained by calcining LDH at 723 K. Subsequently, LDH and MMO were characterized by X-ray diffraction and analyzed by thermal gravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis and Raman spectroscopy. The electrical response, modeled by an equivalent circuit, was found to be intimately dependent on the structures of LDH and MMO, while the light absorption behavior is mainly due to the presence of the distorted [WO4]2– and the tetragonal MgWO4 in LDH and MMO, respectively. In addition, MMO showed an improvement in the dielectric properties through the large decrease in the dielectric loss tangent and electrical conductivity. However, LDH exhibited greater absorption coefficients in the ultraviolet region with a lower optical energy gap compared with its derived MMO, resulting in energy gaps of 4.23 and 4.35 eV for LDH and MMO, respectively. Results revealed that calcining LDH to form MMO fails to improve light absorption, but does improve the dielectric behavior, which makes possible the use of LDH as a shielding material against UV light and MMO for energy storage applications.
Reconstructing the future: taking ownership of copyright in Africa
Authors: Diawara Mamadou 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWhat is the state of copyright in Africa today, when specialists in the field, notably in the USA, are sounding the alarm? Taking as its starting point a right that emerged in the West in the twilight of the nineteenth century, this article examines the ways in which copyright is discussed, established and experienced in sub-Saharan Africa. It questions the relevance of the vocabulary used and asks how Africa can be made intelligible in the context of a heterogeneous world. Since the 1990s, international organizations have promoted and imposed the economic notion of material goods, inventing a new tradition. The result is a heritage, the commons, that is reduced to a resource divorced from any historical or social context. How can we go beyond these rights, which are a source of a ‘promise economy’ for creators, to promote imprescriptible and inalienable human rights? How can experienced creators resist copyright that takes them back to the Middle Ages?
Meteorology, weather and war in South East Asia: Malaya c.1940–1960
Authors: Williamson Fiona 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article interrogates the positioning of British colonial meteorology in Malaysia and Singapore from the 1940s to 1960. This period spanned a global conflict and an internecine war, effecting profound sociopolitical changes from which neither Malaysia nor Singapore would emerge the same. The meteorological services were essential to Britain’s armed conflicts, providing vital weather information to the army, navy and, especially, the air forces, as well as supporting the aviation and shipping industry often in difficult and dangerous circumstances. This article argues that British military policy in South East Asia and the specific concerns of the colonial government in Malaya directly commanded the meteorological agenda on the ground during this period, with a secondary but significant impact on tropical climate and weather research. It thus addresses the interplay of science, colonialism and military interest from the perspective of a region that has featured little in the history of science.
Expert consensus on the prevention and treatment of enamel demineralization in orthodontic treatment
Authors: Xia Lunguo , Zhou Chenchen , Mei Peng , Jin Zuolin , He Hong , Wang Lin , Bai Yuxing , Chen Lili , Li Weiran , Wang Jun , Hu Min , Song Jinlin , Cao Yang , Liu Yuehua , Hou Benxiang , Wei Xi , Niu Lina , Lu Haixia , Ma Wensheng , Wang Peijun , Zhang Guirong , Guo Jie , Li Zhihua , Lu Haiyan , Ren Liling , Xu Linyu , Wu Xiuping , Lu Yanqin , Hu Jiangtian , Yue Lin , Zhang Xu , Fang Bing 
Published: February 2025

Abstracts
Enamel demineralization, the formation of white spot lesions, is a common issue in clinical orthodontic treatment. The appearance of white spot lesions not only affects the texture and health of dental hard tissues but also impacts the health and aesthetics of teeth after orthodontic treatment. The prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of white spot lesions that occur throughout the orthodontic treatment process involve multiple dental specialties. This expert consensus will focus on providing guiding opinions on the management and prevention of white spot lesions during orthodontic treatment, advocating for proactive prevention, early detection, timely treatment, scientific follow-up, and multidisciplinary management of white spot lesions throughout the orthodontic process, thereby maintaining the dental health of patients during orthodontic treatment.
Porphyromonas gingivalis potentiates stem-like properties of oral squamous cell carcinoma by modulating SCD1-dependent lipid synthesis via NOD1/KLF5 axis
Authors: Zang Wenli , Geng Fengxue , Liu Junchao , Wang Zengxu , Zhang Shuwei , Li Yuchao , Lu Ze , Pan Yaping 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are widely acknowledged as primary mediators to the initiation and progression of tumors. The association between microbial infection and cancer stemness has garnered considerable scholarly interest in recent years. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is increasingly considered to be closely related to the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Nevertheless, the role of P. gingivalis in the stemness of OSCC cells remains uncertain. Herein, we showed that P. gingivalis was positively correlated with CSC markers expression in human OSCC specimens, promoted the stemness and tumorigenicity of OSCC cells, and enhanced tumor formation in nude mice. Mechanistically, P. gingivalis increased lipid synthesis in OSCC cells by upregulating the expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) expression, a key enzyme involved in lipid metabolism, which ultimately resulted in enhanced acquisition of stemness. Moreover, SCD1 suppression attenuated P. gingivalis-induced stemness of OSCC cells, including CSCs markers expression, sphere formation ability, chemoresistance, and tumor growth, in OSCC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, upregulation of SCD1 in P. gingivalis-infected OSCC cells was associated with the expression of KLF5, and that was modulated by P. gingivalis-activated NOD1 signaling. Taken together, these findings highlight the importance of SCD1-dependent lipid synthesis in P. gingivalis-induced stemness acquisition in OSCC cells, suggest that the NOD1/KLF5 axis may play a key role in regulating SCD1 expression and provide a molecular basis for targeting SCD1 as a new option for attenuating OSCC cells stemness.
Neonatal microbiome in the multiomics era: development and its impact on long-term health
Authors: Neu Josef , Stewart Christopher J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The neonatal microbiome has been the focus of considerable research over the past two decades and studies have added fascinating information in terms of early microbial patterns and how these relate to various disease processes. One difficulty with the interpretation of these relationships is that such data is associative and provides little in terms of proof of causality or the underpinning mechanisms. Integrating microbiome data with other omics such as the proteome, inflammatory mediators, and the metabolome is an emerging approach to address this gap. Here we discuss these omics, their integration, and how they can be applied to improve our understanding, treatment, and prevention of disease.

Impact

This review introduces the concept of multiomics in neonatology and how emerging technologies can be integrated improve understanding, treatment, and prevention of disease.

We highlight considerations for performing multiomic research in neonates and the need for validation in separate cohorts and/or relevant model systems.

We summarise how the use of multiomics is expanding and lay out steps to bring this to the clinic to enable precision medicine.
Dental careers: findings of a national dental workforce survey
Authors: Clark Megan , McGregor Ailsa , Khairuddin Aina Najwa Mohd , Smith Malcolm , Gallagher Jennifer E. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Aim To explore dentists' experiences of their professional careers and job satisfaction within the United Kingdom (UK) workforce.

Methods A cross-sectional survey of the national dentist workforce was conducted using an online questionnaire, informed by previous research. The anonymous online survey was conducted between February and May 2021, with ethical approval, via national gatekeeper institutions, and promoted through social media. Statistical analysis of the data was performed in SPSS.

Results Of the 1,240 respondents, 875 had completed 96% of the questionnaire, including providing demographic details, and were included for analysis. Almost half (46%) reported their career was ‘not as envisaged'. A majority (58%) of dentists reported that their career plans had changed and 40.2% reported planning on changing careers. Significant associations were found between an individual's career plan trajectories (‘as envisaged', ‘changed plan' and ‘planning on changing') and sex, ethnicity, job satisfaction, primary role settings, country qualification was obtained and duration of working experience. Men were significantly more likely to report their career was as envisaged. Job satisfaction was higher for those whose careers were as envisaged and had no plans for future changes.

Conclusions Careers were not necessarily as envisaged, with over half of the dentists surveyed changing their career plans over their working life. There was greater satisfaction among those whose careers were envisaged and had experienced career progression..
GWAS meta-analysis of psoriasis identifies new susceptibility alleles impacting disease mechanisms and therapeutic targets
Authors: Dand Nick , Stuart Philip E. , Bowes John , Ellinghaus David , Nititham Joanne , Saklatvala Jake R. , Teder-Laving Maris , Thomas Laurent F. , Traks Tanel , Uebe Steffen , Assmann Gunter , Baudry David , Behrens Frank , Billi Allison C. , Brown Matthew A. , Burkhardt Harald , Capon Francesca , Chung Raymond , Curtis Charles J. , Duckworth Michael , Ellinghaus Eva , FitzGerald Oliver , Gerdes Sascha , Griffiths Christopher E. M. , Gulliver Susanne , Helliwell Philip S. , Ho Pauline , Hoffmann Per , Holmen Oddgeir L. , Huang Zhi-ming , Hveem Kristian , Jadon Deepak , Köhm Michaela , Kraus Cornelia , Lamacchia Céline , Lee Sang Hyuck , Ma Feiyang , Mahil Satveer K. , McHugh Neil , McManus Ross , Modalsli Ellen H. , Nissen Michael J. , Nöthen Markus , Oji Vinzenz , Oksenberg Jorge R. , Patrick Matthew T. , Perez White Bethany E. , Ramming Andreas , Rech Jürgen , Rosen Cheryl , Sarkar Mrinal K. , Schett Georg , Schmidt Börge , Tejasvi Trilokraj , Traupe Heiko , Voorhees John J. , Wacker Eike Matthias , Warren Richard B. , Wasikowski Rachael , Weidinger Stephan , Wen Xiaoquan , Zhang Zhaolin ,   BSTOP study group, Burden A. David , Smith Catherine H. , Brown Sara J. , Dand Nick , Mahil Satveer K. , McAteer Helen , Schofield Julia , Siebert Stefan ,   Estonian Biobank research team, Metspalu Andres , Milani Lili , Nelis Mari , Barton Anne , Chandran Vinod , Esko Tõnu , Foerster John , Franke Andre , Gladman Dafna D. , Gudjonsson Johann E. , Gulliver Wayne , Hüffmeier Ulrike , Kingo Külli , Kõks Sulev , Liao Wilson , Løset Mari , Mägi Reedik , Nair Rajan P. , Rahman Proton , Reis André , Smith Catherine H. , Di Meglio Paola , Barker Jonathan N. , Tsoi Lam C. , Simpson Michael A. , Elder James T. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Psoriasis is a common, debilitating immune-mediated skin disease. Genetic studies have identified biological mechanisms of psoriasis risk, including those targeted by effective therapies. However, the genetic liability to psoriasis is not fully explained by variation at robustly identified risk loci. To refine the genetic map of psoriasis susceptibility we meta-analysed 18 GWAS comprising 36,466 cases and 458,078 controls and identified 109 distinct psoriasis susceptibility loci, including 46 that have not been previously reported. These include susceptibility variants at loci in which the therapeutic targets IL17RA and AHR are encoded, and deleterious coding variants supporting potential new drug targets (including in STAP2, CPVL and POU2F3). We conducted a transcriptome-wide association study to identify regulatory effects of psoriasis susceptibility variants and cross-referenced these against single cell expression profiles in psoriasis-affected skin, highlighting roles for the transcriptional regulation of haematopoietic cell development and epigenetic modulation of interferon signalling in psoriasis pathobiology.
Rapid and accurate prediction of protein homo-oligomer symmetry using Seq2Symm
Authors: Kshirsagar Meghana , Meller Artur , Humphreys Ian R. , Sledzieski Samuel , Xu Yixi , Dodhia Rahul , Horvitz Eric , Berger Bonnie , Bowman Gregory R. , Ferres Juan Lavista , Baker David , Baek Minkyung 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The majority of proteins must form higher-order assemblies to perform their biological functions, yet few machine learning models can accurately and rapidly predict the symmetry of assemblies involving multiple copies of the same protein chain. Here, we address this gap by finetuning several classes of protein foundation models, to predict homo-oligomer symmetry. Our best model named Seq2Symm, which utilizes ESM2, outperforms existing template-based and deep learning methods achieving an average AUC-PR of 0.47, 0.44 and 0.49 across homo-oligomer symmetries on three held-out test sets compared to 0.24, 0.24 and 0.25 with template-based search. Seq2Symm uses a single sequence as input and can predict at the rate of ~80,000 proteins/hour. We apply this method to 5 proteomes and ~3.5 million unlabeled protein sequences, showing its promise to be used in conjunction with downstream computationally intensive all-atom structure generation methods such as RoseTTAFold2 and AlphaFold2-multimer. Code, datasets, model are available at: https://github.com/microsoft/seq2symm.
Pan-cancer multi-omic model of LINE-1 activity reveals locus heterogeneity of retrotransposition efficiency
Authors: Solovyov Alexander , Behr Julie M. , Hoyos David , Banks Eric , Drong Alexander W. , Thornlow Bryan , Zhong Jimmy Z. , Garcia-Rivera Enrique , McKerrow Wilson , Chu Chong , Arisdakessian Cedric , Zaller Dennis M. , Kamihara Junne , Diao Liyang , Fromer Menachem , Greenbaum Benjamin D. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Somatic mobilization of LINE-1 (L1) has been implicated in cancer etiology. We analyzed a recent TCGA data release comprised of nearly 5000 pan-cancer paired tumor-normal whole-genome sequencing (WGS) samples and ~9000 tumor RNA samples. We developed TotalReCall an improved algorithm and pipeline for detection of L1 retrotransposition (RT), finding high correlation between L1 expression and “RT burden” per sample. Furthermore, we mathematically model the dual regulatory roles of p53, where mutations in TP53 disrupt regulation of both L1 expression and retrotransposition. We found those with Li-Fraumeni Syndrome (LFS) heritable TP53 pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants bear similarly high L1 activity compared to matched cancers from patients without LFS, suggesting this population be considered in attempts to target L1 therapeutically. Due to improved sensitivity, we detect over 10 genes beyond TP53 whose mutations correlate with L1, including ATRX, suggesting other, potentially targetable, mechanisms underlying L1 regulation in cancer remain to be discovered.
Rare genetic associations with human lifespan in UK Biobank are enriched for oncogenic genes
Authors: Park Junyoung , Peña-Tauber Andrés , Talozzi Lia , Greicius Michael D. , Le Guen Yann 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Human lifespan is shaped by genetic and environmental factors. To enable precision health, understanding how genetic variants influence mortality is essential. We conducted a survival analysis in European ancestry participants of the UK Biobank, using age-at-death (N=35,551) and last-known-age (N=358,282). The associations identified were predominantly driven by cancer. We found lifespan-associated loci (APOE, ZSCAN23) for common variants and six genes where burden of loss-of-function variants were linked to reduced lifespan (TET2, ATM, BRCA2, CKMT1B, BRCA1, ASXL1). Additionally, eight genes with pathogenic missense variants were associated with reduced lifespan (DNMT3A, SF3B1, TET2, PTEN, SOX21, TP53, SRSF2, RLIM). Many of these genes are involved in oncogenic pathways and clonal hematopoiesis. Our findings highlight the importance of understanding genetic factors driving the most prevalent causes of mortality at a population level, highlighting the potential of early genetic testing to identify germline and somatic variants increasing one’s susceptibility to cancer and/or early death.