bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defining mechanisms of neural plasticity after brainstem ischemia in rats
Authors: Minnerup Jens , Strecker Jan‐Kolja , Wachsmuth Lydia , Hoppen Maike , Schmidt Antje , Hermann Dirk M. , Wiendl Heinz , Meuth Sven , Faber Cornelius , Diederich Kai , Schäbitz Wolf‐Rüdiger 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveNeurological recovery after stroke mainly depends on the location of the lesion. A substantial portion of strokes affects the brainstem. However, patterns of neural plasticity following brainstem ischemia are almost unknown.MethodsHere, we established a rat brainstem ischemia model that resembles key features of the human disease and investigated mechanisms of neural plasticity, including neurogenesis and axonal sprouting as well as secondary neurodegeneration.ResultsSpontaneous functional recovery was accompanied by a distinct pattern of axonal sprouting, for example, an increased bilateral fiber outgrowth from the corticorubral tract to the respective contralesional red nucleus suggesting a compensatory role of extrapyramidal pathways after damage to pyramid tracts within the brainstem. Using different markers for DNA replication, we showed that the brainstem displays a remarkable ability to undergo specific plastic cellular changes after injury, highlighting a yet unknown pattern of neurogenesis. Neural progenitor cells proliferated within the dorsal brainstem and migrated toward the lesion, whereas neurogenesis in classic neurogenic niches, the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle and the hippocampus, remained, in contrast to what is known from hemispheric stroke, unaffected. These beneficial changes were paralleled by long‐term degenerative processes, that is, corticospinal fiber loss superior to the lesion, degeneration of spinal tracts, and a decreased neuron density within the ipsilesional substantia nigra and the contralesional red nucleus that might have limited further functional recovery.InterpretationOur findings provide knowledge of elementary plastic adaptions after brainstem stroke, which is fundamental for understanding the human disease and for the development of new treatments. Ann Neurol 2018;83:1003–1015
Affinity‐Driven Covalent Modulator of the Glyceraldehyde‐3‐Phosphate Dehydrogenase (GAPDH) Cascade
Authors: Chern Jeffy , Lu Chun‐Ping , Fang Zhanxiong , Chang Ching‐Ming , Hua Kuo‐Feng , Chen Yi‐Ting , Ng Cheng Yang , Chen Yi‐Lin Sophia , Lam Yulin , Wu Shih‐Hsiung 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTraditional medicines provide a fertile ground to explore potent lead compounds, yet their transformation into modern drugs is fraught with challenges in deciphering the target that is mechanistically valid for its biological activity. Herein we reveal that (Z)‐(+)‐isochaihulactone (1) exhibited significant inhibition against multiple‐drug‐resistant (MDR) cancer cell lines and mice xenografts. NMR spectroscopy showed that 1 resisted an off‐target thiolate, thus indicating that 1 was a target covalent inhibitor (TCI). By identifying the pharmacophore of 1 (α,β‐unsaturated moiety), a probe derived from 1 was designed and synthesized for TCI‐oriented activity‐based proteome profiling. By MS/MS and computer‐guided molecular biology approaches, an affinity‐driven Michael addition of the noncatalytic C247 residue of GAPDH was found to control the “ON/OFF” switch of apoptosis through non‐canonically nuclear GAPDH translocation, which bypasses the common apoptosis‐resistant route of MDR cancers.
Thermal‐Responsive Phosphorescent Nanoamplifiers Assembled from Two Metallophosphors
Authors: Sun Meng‐Jia , Zhong Yu‐Wu , Yao Jiannian 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThermal‐responsive phosphorescent nanotubes have been fabricated from the co‐assembly of two neutral iridium complexes, which behave as the antenna chromophores and energy acceptors, respectively, in these highly ordered crystalline superstructures. By tuning the acceptor doping ratio in a range of 0 to 0.5 %, these tubes display color‐tunable phosphorescence from green to red at room temperature, and it is attributed to the highly efficient light‐harvesting and energy transfer within these materials. For the same reason, the acceptor emission in the nanotubes is amplified more than 800 times with respect to its pure non‐emissive solid sample. The doped tubes show reversible thermal‐responsiveness, in which the energy transfer was completely suppressed at 77 K and reactivated at room temperature. These processes were characterized by the in situ emission color (green, orange, and red) and spectral changes and lifetime measurements of isolated nanotubes. The temperature‐controlled exciton dynamics are responsible for the luminescent thermochromism in these crystalline materials.
Long‐Lasting Efficacy of Coatings for Bronze Artwork Conservation: The Key Role of Layered Double Hydroxide Nanocarriers in Protecting Corrosion Inhibitors from Photodegradation
Authors: Salzano de Luna Martina , Buonocore Giovanna G. , Giuliani Chiara , Messina Elena , Di Carlo Gabriella , Lavorgna Marino , Ambrosio Luigi , Ingo Gabriel M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe photodegradation kinetics of 2‐mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT), a corrosion inhibitor for copper‐based alloys, is studied in high amorphous polyvinyl alcohol coatings subjected to either UV irradiation or indoor light exposure. The photodegradation process proceeds rapidly, thus compromising the anticorrosion ability of the coating. The encapsulation of MBT into layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanocarriers slows down its decomposition kinetics by a factor of three. Besides preserving the corrosion inhibitor, such a strategy allows a controlled release of MBT triggered by corrosion‐related stimuli, for example, presence of chloride species and acid pH. The developed coating guarantees long‐lasting corrosion protection even at low amounts of inhibitor‐loaded LDH nanocarriers (ca. 5 wt %). This also reflects in a high transparency, which makes the protective coating suitable for demanding applications, such as the conservation of high‐value metal works of art.
An O3‐type Oxide with Low Sodium Content as the Phase‐Transition‐Free Anode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhao Chenglong , Avdeev Maxim , Chen Liquan , Hu Yong‐Sheng 
Published: April 2018

AbstractLayered transition metal oxides NaxMO2 (M=transition metal) with P2 or O3 structure have attracted attention in sodium‐ion batteries (NIBs). A universal law is found to distinguish structural competition between P2 and O3 types based on the ratio of interlayer distances of the alkali metal layer d(O‐Na‐O) and transition‐metal layer d(O‐M‐O). The ratio of about 1.62 can be used as an indicator. O3‐type Na0.66Mg0.34Ti0.66O2 oxide is prepared as a stable anode for NIBs, in which the low Na‐content (ca. 0.66) usually undergoes a P2‐type structure with respect to NaxMO2. This material delivers an available capacity of about 98 mAh g−1 within a voltage range of 0.4–2.0 V and exhibits a better cycling stability (ca. 94.2 % of capacity retention after 128 cycles). In situ X‐ray diffraction reveals a single‐phase reaction in the discharge–charge process, which is different from the common phase transitions reported in O3‐type electrodes, ensuring long‐term cycling stability.
Crowding Shifts the FMN Recognition Mechanism of Riboswitch Aptamer from Conformational Selection to Induced Fit
Authors: Rode Ambadas B. , Endoh Tamaki , Sugimoto Naoki 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn bacteria, the binding between the riboswitch aptamer domain and ligand is regulated by environmental cues, such as low Mg2+ in macrophages during pathogenesis to ensure spatiotemporal expression of virulence genes. Binding was investigated between the flavin mononucleotide (FMN) riboswitch aptamer and its anionic ligand in the presence of molecular crowding agent without Mg2+ ion, which mimics pathogenic conditions. Structural, kinetic, and thermodynamic analyses under the crowding revealed more dynamic conformational rearrangements of the FMN riboswitch aptamer compared to dilute Mg2+‐containing solution. It is hypothesized that under crowding conditions FMN binds through an induced fit mechanism in contrast to the conformational selection mechanism previously demonstrated in dilute Mg2+solution. Since these two mechanisms involve different conformational intermediates and rate constants, these findings have practical significance in areas such as drug design and RNA engineering.
Control of the Spin Dynamics of Single‐Molecule Magnets by using a Quasi One‐Dimensional Arrangement
Authors: Katoh Keiichi , Yamashita Satoshi , Yasuda Nobuhiro , Kitagawa Yasutaka , Breedlove Brian K. , Nakazawa Yasuhiro , Yamashita Masahiro 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMagnetic dipole interactions are dominate in quasi one‐dimensional (1D) molecular magnetic materials, in which TbNcPc units (Tb3+=terbium(III) ion, Nc2−=naphthalocyaninato, Pc2−=phthalocyaninato) adopt a structure similar to TbPc2 single‐molecule magnets (SMMs). The magnetic properties of the [TbNcPc]0/+ (neutral 1 and cationic 2) with 1D structures are significantly different from those of a magnetically diluted sample (3). In particular, the magnetic relaxation time (τ) of 2 in the low‐temperature region is five orders of magnitude slower than that of 3. Furthermore, the coercivity (HC) of 2 remained up to about 20 K. The single‐ion anisotropy of Tb3+ ions in a 1D structure and the magnetic dipole interactions acting among molecules determines the direction of the magnetic properties. These results show that the spin dynamics can be improved by manipulating the arrangement of SMMs in the solid state.
Antibacterial activity of transition metal complexes with a tridentate NNO amoxicillin derived Schiff base. Synthesis and characterization
Authors: Anacona J.R. , Mago Kysbel , Camus Juan 
Published: April 2018

From the reaction of amoxicillin (1) antibiotic with 2,6−diaminopyridine (2) an amoxicillin−based Schiff base (HL) (3) was obtained and its transition metal Schiff base complexes were synthesized. Spectroscopic and physicochemical techniques, namely, UV−Vis, FT−IR, 1H−NMR, EPR, mass spectrometry, molar conductance, magnetic susceptibility, molecular modelling, together with elemental and thermal analyses, were used to characterize the synthesized compounds. Spectral and magnetic data suggested an octahedral geometry for all the complexes and the general formulae [ML(H2O)3][PF6] (M(II) = Mn2+ (4), Co2+ (5), Ni2+ (6), Cu2+ (7), Zn2+ (8), was proposed for them, where L represents deprotonated tridentate NNO amoxycillin−derived Schiff base. All compounds were screened for antibacterial activity by using agar disc diffusion method. The zinc(II) complex exhibited promising bactericidal activity against E. coli and S. aureus.
Antioxidative vs cytotoxic activities of organotin complexes bearing 2,6‐di‐tert‐butylphenol moieties
Authors: Antonenko T.A. , Shpakovsky D.B. , Vorobyov M.A. , Gracheva Yu.A. , Kharitonashvili E.V. , Dubova L.G. , Shevtsova E.F. , Tafeenko V.A. , Aslanov L.A. , Iksanova A.G. , Shtyrlin Yu.G. , Milaeva E.R. 
Published: April 2018

Two series of organotin(IV) complexes with Sn–S bonds on the base of 2,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐mercaptophenol (L1SH) of formulae Me2Sn(L1S)2 (1); Et2Sn(L1S)2 (2); Bu2Sn(L1S)2 (3); Ph2Sn(L1S)2 (4); (L1)2Sn(L1S)2 (5); Me3Sn(L1S) (6); Ph3Sn(L1S) (7) (L1 = 3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐hydroxyphenyl), together with the new ones [Me3SnCl(L2)] (8), [Me2SnCl2(L2)2] (9) (L2 = 2‐(N‐3′,5′‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4′‐hydroxyphenyl)‐iminomethylphenol) were used to study their antioxidant and cytotoxic activity. Novel complexes 8, 9 of MenSnCl4 − n (n = 3, 2) with Schiff base were synthesized and characterized by 1H, 13C NMR, IR and elemental analysis. The crystal structures of compounds 8 and 9 were determined by X‐ray diffraction analysis. The distorted tetrahedral geometry around the Sn center in the monocrystals of 8 was revealed, the Schiff base is coordinated to the tin(IV) atom by electrostatic interaction and formation of short contact Sn–O 2.805 Å. In the case of complex 9 the distorted octahedron coordination of Sn atom is formed. The antioxidant activity of compounds as radical scavengers and reducing agents was proved spectrophotometrically in tests with stable radical DPPH, reduction of Cu2+ (CUPRAC method) and interaction with superoxide radical‐anion. Moreover, compounds have been screened for in vitro cytotoxicity on eight human cancer cell lines. A high activity against all cell lines with IC50 values 60–160 nM was determined for the triphenyltin complex 7, while the introduction of Schiff base decreased the cytotoxicity of the complexes. The influence on mitochondrial potential and mitochondrial permeability for the compounds 8 and 9 has been studied. It is shown that studied complexes depolarize the mitochondria but don't influence the calcium‐induced mitochondrial permeability transition.
Effect of high‐temperature annealing on the microstructure and mechanical properties of polypropylene with shish kebab or spherulite structure
Authors: Mi Dashan , Zhou Man , Hou Fengyi , Zhang Jie 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTVarious annealing temperatures below, near, or above the melting temperature were used to anneal polypropylene with oriented shish kebab and isolated spherulite structures in this work. The results showed that a high annealing temperature decreases the time needed to achieve the ideal material property. When the annealing temperature is near or above the melting temperature, the impact strength would be 1.6 times improved by partial melting and recrystallization. The crystal structure of the oriented shish kebab or isolated spherulite structures was improved when annealed at 150 °C, whereas annealing at 165 or 170 °C recombined the crystal lamellae of the structure. Moreover, the high crystallinity and thick lamellae improved the impact and yield strength values of the spherulite structure. However, excessively high crystallinity and thick lamellae in the oriented shish kebab structure did not result in good mechanical performance. Therefore, the prediction of mechanical properties for the shish kebab structure based on crystallinity and lamellar thickness is not feasible. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46465.
The Carotid Sinus Nerve—Structure, Function, and Clinical Implications
Authors: Porzionato Andrea , Macchi Veronica , Stecco Carla , De Caro Raffaele 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTInterest has been renewed in the anatomy and physiology of the carotid sinus nerve (CSN) and its targets (carotid sinus and carotid body, CB), due to recent proposals of surgical procedures for a series of common pathologies, such as carotid sinus syndrome, hypertension, heart failure, and insulin resistance. The CSN originates from the glossopharyngeal nerve soon after its appearance from the jugular foramen. It shows frequent communications with the sympathetic trunk (usually at the level of the superior cervical ganglion) and the vagal nerve (main trunk, pharyngeal branches, or superior laryngeal nerve). It courses on the anterior aspect of the internal carotid artery to reach the carotid sinus, CB, and/or intercarotid plexus. In the carotid sinus, type I (dynamic) carotid baroreceptors have larger myelinated A‐fibers; type II (tonic) baroreceptors show smaller A‐ and unmyelinated C‐fibers. In the CB, afferent fibers are mainly stimulated by acetylcholine and ATP, released by type I cells. The neurons are located in the petrosal ganglion, and centripetal fibers project on to the solitary tract nucleus: chemosensory inputs to the commissural subnucleus, and baroreceptor inputs to the commissural, medial, dorsomedial, and dorsolateral subnuclei. The baroreceptor component of the CSN elicits sympatho‐inhibition and the chemoreceptor component stimulates sympatho‐activation. Thus, in refractory hypertension and heart failure (characterized by increased sympathetic activity), baroreceptor electrical stimulation, and CB removal have been proposed. Instead, denervation of the carotid sinus has been proposed for the “carotid sinus syndrome.” Anat Rec, 302:575–587, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterization and epitope mapping of a panel of monoclonal antibodies against HIV‐1 matrix protein
Authors: Zhang Zhiqing , Zhang Feng , Bai Shimeng , Qiao Jiaming , Shen Honglin , Huang Fang , Gao Shuangquan , Li Shaowei , Gu Ying , Xia Ningshao 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe HIV‐1 Gag precursor protein (p55) is the main structural protein comprising the matrix (MA/p17), capsid (CA/p24), and nucleocapsid (NC/p7) proteins, and is uniquely responsible for virion assembly within the virus life cycle. The MA protein plays a critical role in plasma membrane targeting and envelope glycoprotein (Env) uptake during virion assembly. Yet, when viral infection occurs, the MA protein may also be involved in virion uncoating, dissociating from the plasma membrane, and participating in the nuclear importation process. Thus, the MA protein contains a reversibly membrane‐binding signal and varied conformation to govern its subcellular localization and biological functions. However, these purported different conformations of the MA protein during assembly are poorly understood, especially in terms of its function as a component of the precursor protein. In this study, we characterized a panel of monoclonal antibodies against MA that showed discrete reactivity to p55, an intermediate (p41), and the final p17 mature form. We suggest that these antibodies could be used to track the different conformations of MA during the HIV‐1 life cycle, particularly during HIV‐1 assembly and maturation, and contribute to structure determination of MA or MA precursors. These antibodies would also have clinical value, including serving for therapeutic strategy to interfere AIDS progression, reagent in diagnostic kit for the detection of virion‐free p17 or p17 derived from virion lysate.
Selektiver Tiefenabtrag von radioaktiv dekontaminiertem Stahlbeton im kerntechnischen Rückbau
Authors: Kaiser Sonja , Cousseau Frédéric , Braun Jonas , Hess Ulrich 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBeim Rückbau von kerntechnischen Bauwerken werden hochbewehrte Betongebäude so dekontaminiert, dass anschließend der überwiegende Anteil der Gesamtmasse dem normalen Recyclingkreislauf zugeführt werden kann. Hierfür bedarf es selektiver Abtragsmethoden, um möglichst wenig radioaktiven Abfall endlagern zu müssen. Für den Oberflächenabtrag von Beton stehen bereits zahlreiche Werkzeuge und Abtragsmethoden zur Verfügung. Diese Werkzeuge stoßen jedoch an ihre Grenzen, wenn es darum geht, Kontamination zu entfernen, die tief in die Gebäudestruktur (z. B. durch Risse) eingedrungen ist, oder wenn metallische Einbauten wie Ankerplatten, Dübel, Schienen u. a. verbaut sind. Ein Problem besteht aktuell beim lokal begrenzten Tiefenabtrag von Stahlbetonen, sodass die entstehenden Oberflächen im Anschluss frei messbar sind.Aus diesem Bedarf entstand das Forschungsprojekt DefAhS (Definierter Abtrag hochbewehrter Stahlbetonstrukturen) als Kooperation zwischen der Herrenknecht AG, Kraftanlagen Heidelberg GmbH, der Leibniz Universität Hannover und dem Karlsruher Institut für Technologie. Gefördert wird das Projekt durch das Programm FORKA – Forschung für den Rückbau kerntechnischer Anlagen – des Bundesministeriums für Bildung und Forschung.
School counsellors’ beliefs regarding collaboration with parents of students with special educational needs in Flanders: Parents as partners or opposites?
Authors: Bodvin Kathleen , Verschueren Karine , Struyf Elke 
Published: April 2018

The literature shows that a good collaboration between the school and parents of students with special educational needs (SEN) is not always present. However, school counsellors must collaborate with SEN students’ parents to organise guidance trajectories for their child. This article examines school counsellors’ experiences when collaborating with parents of SEN students and the factors they perceive as contributing to good or difficult collaboration. Four focus groups in mainstream education (N = 50) and one focus group in special education (N = 14) were conducted in Flanders. A thematic analysis indicated that school counsellors generally find it difficult to collaborate with parents of SEN students and that an expert attitude can emerge. The role of these parents is described as limited, which is even preferred by some school counsellors. A deficit view is recognised and the reasons for poor collaboration are mainly situated on the parents’ side, such as parents that need more processing time to accept the SEN of their child and that show distrust towards the school. School counsellors spontaneously referred to parents’ low socioeconomic and ethnic minority status as complicating factors for collaboration. They seem to feel incompetent to overcome these collaboration difficulties. Various recommendations for schools are formulated.
Single pass diafiltration integrated into a fully continuous mAb purification process
Authors: Rucker‐Pezzini Joanna , Arnold Lindsay , Hill‐Byrne Kevin , Sharp Tom , Avazhanskiy Maksim , Forespring Chris 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe concept of continuous manufacturing has gained significant interest from the biopharmaceutical industry over the past several years. Benefits include increased manufacturing productivity, improved quality control, reduction in plant footprint, and more flexible management of facility capacity. There are several technologies currently available that enable continuous processing for chromatography and ultrafiltration. However, a single pass diafiltration design that meets the required small molecule clearance and has been integrated into a fully continuous monoclonal antibody purification process has not been previously published. Here, the theory and design of a 3‐stage single pass diafiltration step is presented. Buffer exchange greater than 99.75% was experimentally demonstrated. Several critical design aspects were incorporated to minimize system complexity and reduce the buffer volume requirements. Lastly, single pass diafiltration was demonstrated in a pilot scale continuous process with uninterrupted flow from the bioreactor through the formulation step. This work illustrates the feasibility of incorporating a single pass diafiltration step into an end‐to‐end continuous protein purification process.
Quantitatively characterizing drug‐induced arrhythmic contractile motions of human stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes
Authors: Hoang Plansky , Huebsch Nathaniel , Bang Shin Hyuk , Siemons Brian A. , Conklin Bruce R. , Healy Kevin E. , Ma Zhen , Jacquir Sabir 
Published: April 2018

AbstractQuantification of abnormal contractile motions of cardiac tissue has been a noteworthy challenge and significant limitation in assessing and classifying the drug‐induced arrhythmias (i.e., Torsades de pointes). To overcome these challenges, researchers have taken advantage of computational image processing tools to measure contractile motion from cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC‐CMs). However, the amplitude and frequency analysis of contractile motion waveforms does not produce sufficient information to objectively classify the degree of variations between two or more sets of cardiac contractile motions. In this paper, we generated contractile motion data from beating hiPSC‐CMs using motion tracking software based on optical flow analysis, and then implemented a computational algorithm, phase space reconstruction (PSR), to derive parameters (embedding, regularity, and fractal dimensions) to further characterize the dynamic nature of the cardiac contractile motions. Application of drugs known to cause cardiac arrhythmia induced significant changes to these resultant dimensional parameters calculated from PSR analysis. Integrating this new computational algorithm with the existing analytical toolbox of cardiac contractile motions will allow us to expand current assessments of cardiac tissue physiology into an automated, high‐throughput, and quantifiable manner which will allow more objective assessments of drug‐induced proarrhythmias.