bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Cross-Talk between miR-511-3p and C-Type Lectin Receptors on Dendritic Cells Affects Dendritic Cell Function
Authors: Awuah Dennis , Alobaid Meshal , Latif Arsalan , Salazar Fabián , Emes Richard D. , Ghaemmaghami Amir M. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
MicroRNAs are small, noncoding RNAs that function as posttranscriptional modulators of gene expression by binding target mRNAs and inhibiting translation. They are therefore crucial regulators of several biological as well as immunological events. Recently, miR-511-3p has been implicated in the development and differentiation of APCs, such as dendritic cells (DCs), and regulating several human diseases. Interestingly, miR-511-3p is embedded within the human MRC1 gene that encodes the mannose receptor. In this study, we sought to examine the impact of miR-511-3p up- or downregulation on human DC surface phenotype, cytokine profile, immunogenicity (using IDO activity as a surrogate), and downstream T cell polarization. Using gene silencing and a selection of microRNA mimics, we could successfully suppress or induce the expression of miR-511-3p in DCs. Consequently, we show for the first time, to our knowledge, that inhibition and/or overexpression of miR-511-3p has opposing effects on the expression levels of two key C-type lectin receptors, namely the mannose receptor and DC-specific ICAM 3 nonintegrin at protein and mRNA levels, thereby affecting C-type lectin receptor–induced modulation of IDO activity in DCs. Furthermore, we show that downregulation of miR-511-3p drives an anti-inflammatory DC response characterized by IL-10 production. Interestingly, the miR-511-3plow DCs also promoted IL-4 secretion and suppressed IL-17 in cocultures with autologous T cells. Together, our data highlight the potential role of miR-511 in regulating DC function and downstream events leading to Th polarization and immune modulation.
Physicochemical, microbiological and parasitological characterization of the filter backwash water from a water treatment plant of Blumenau - SC and alternatives for treatment and reuse
Authors: Petris Alinne , Gonçalves Marcel Jefferson , Roratto Paula Angélica , Goulart Juliane Araujo Greinert 
Published: May 2019

Filter Backwash Water (FBW) from water treatment plants (WTP) is composed of raw water waste, chemicals and microorganisms. Inappropriate disposal of this residue impacts negatively in the environment and in the health of human populations. Aiming to characterize the FBW from one WTP of Blumenau-SC, physiochemical, microbiological and parasitological assessments and tests with different flocculants polymers were performed in order to propose strategies for treatment and reuse of this residue. Subsequently treated liquid is discharged into the Itajaí-Açu River (Class 2). Physicochemical and microbiological analyses showed results higher than those permitted by CONAMA Resolution n° 430/2011 and Giardia duodenalis (Assembly B) cysts and Cryptosporidium spp. oocyst positivity was observed, characterizing as polluted and contaminated residue that shouldn't be released in the hydric body. The anionic flocculant polymer showed satisfactory results in the turbidity sample reduction (99.49%), which may be a promising alternative in the treatment of this residue.
Anthropogenic aerosol forcing – insights from multiple estimates from aerosol-climate models with reduced complexity
Authors: Fiedler Stephanie , Kinne Stefan , Huang Wan Ting Katty , Räisänen Petri , O'Donnell Declan , Bellouin Nicolas , Stier Philip , Merikanto Joonas , van Noije Twan , Makkonen Risto , Lohmann Ulrike 
Published: May 2019

Abstract. This study assesses the change in anthropogenic aerosol forcing from the
mid-1970s to the mid-2000s. Both decades had similar global-mean
anthropogenic aerosol optical depths but substantially different global
distributions. For both years, we quantify (i) the forcing spread due to
model-internal variability and (ii) the forcing spread among models. Our
assessment is based on new ensembles of atmosphere-only simulations with five
state-of-the-art Earth system models. Four of these models will be used in
the sixth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project
(CMIP6; Eyring et al., 2016). Here, the complexity of the anthropogenic
aerosol has been reduced in the participating models. In all our simulations,
we prescribe the same patterns of the anthropogenic aerosol optical
properties and associated effects on the cloud droplet number concentration.
We calculate the instantaneous radiative forcing (RF) and the effective
radiative forcing (ERF). Their difference defines the net contribution from
rapid adjustments. Our simulations show a model spread in ERF from −0.4 to
−0.9 W m−2. The standard deviation in annual ERF is 0.3 W m−2, based
on 180 individual estimates from each participating model. This result
implies that identifying the model spread in ERF due to systematic
differences requires averaging over a sufficiently large number of years.
Moreover, we find almost identical ERFs for the mid-1970s and mid-2000s for
individual models, although there are major model differences in natural
aerosols and clouds. The model-ensemble mean ERF is −0.54 W m−2 for the
pre-industrial era to the mid-1970s and −0.59 W m−2 for the pre-industrial
era to the mid-2000s. Our result suggests that comparing ERF changes between two
observable periods rather than absolute magnitudes relative to a poorly
constrained pre-industrial state might provide a better test for a model's
ability to represent transient climate changes.
Effects of air pollution control policies on PM2.5 pollution improvement in China from 2005 to 2017: a satellite-based perspective
Authors: Ma Zongwei , Liu Riyang , Liu Yang , Bi Jun 
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Understanding
the effectiveness of air pollution control policies is
important for future policy making. China has implemented strict air pollution
control policies since the 11th Five-Year Plan (FYP). There is still a lack
of overall evaluation of the effects of air pollution control policies on
PM2.5 pollution improvement in China since the 11th FYP. In this
study, we aimed to assess the effects of air pollution control policies from
2005 to 2017 on PM2.5 using satellite remote sensing. We
used the satellite-derived PM2.5 of 2005–2013 from one of our previous
studies. For the data of 2014–2017, we developed a two-stage statistical
model to retrieve satellite PM2.5 data using the Moderate Resolution
Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Collection 6 aerosol optical depth (AOD),
assimilated meteorology, and land use data. The first stage is a
day-specific linear mixed effects (LME) model and the second stage is a generalized
additive model (GAM). Results show that the Energy Conservation and
Emissions Reduction (ECER) policy, implemented in the 11th FYP period and
focused on SO2 emissions control, had co-benefits with PM2.5
reductions. The increasing trends of PM2.5 pollution (1.88 and
3.14 µg m−3 year−1 for all of China and the Jingjinji region in 2004–2007, p<0.005) were suppressed after 2007. The overall PM2.5 trend for all of China was −0.56 µg m−3 year−1 with marginal significance
(p=0.053) and PM2.5 concentrations in the Pearl River Delta region had a
big drop (−4.81 µg m−3 year−1, p<0.001) in 2007–2010. The
ECER policy during the 12th FYP period was basically an extension of
the 11th FYP policy. PM2.5 is a kind of composite pollutant which
comprises primary particles and secondary particles such as sulfate,
nitrate, ammonium, organic carbon, elemental carbon, etc. Since the ECER policy
focused on single-pollutant control, it had shown great limitation for
PM2.5 reductions. The PM2.5 concentrations did not decrease from
2010 to 2013 in polluted areas (p values of the trends were greater than
0.05). Therefore, China implemented two stricter policies: the 12th FYP on
Air Pollution Prevention and Control in Key Regions (APPC-KR) in 2012, and
the Action Plan of Air Pollution Prevention and Control (APPC-AP) in 2013. The
goal of air quality improvement (especially PM2.5 concentration
improvement) and measures for multi-pollutant control were proposed. These
policies led to dramatic decreases in PM2.5 after 2013 (−4.27 µg m−3 year−1
for all of China in 2013–2017, p<0.001).
Antarctic temperature and CO2: near-synchrony yet variable phasing during the last deglaciation
Authors: Chowdhry Beeman Jai , Gest Léa , Parrenin Frédéric , Raynaud Dominique , Fudge Tyler J. , Buizert Christo , Brook Edward J. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract. The last deglaciation, which occurred from 18 000 to 11 000 years ago,
is the most recent large natural climatic variation of global extent. With
accurately dated paleoclimate records, we can investigate the timings of
related variables in the climate system during this major transition. Here,
we use an accurate relative chronology to compare temperature proxy data and
global atmospheric CO2 as recorded in Antarctic ice cores. In addition to
five regional records, we compare a δ18O stack, representing
Antarctic climate variations with the high-resolution robustly dated WAIS
Divide CO2 record (West Antarctic Ice Sheet). We assess the CO2 and Antarctic temperature phase
relationship using a stochastic method to accurately identify the probable
timings of changes in their trends. Four coherent changes are identified for
the two series, and synchrony between CO2 and temperature is within the
95 % uncertainty range for all of the changes except the end of glacial termination 1 (T1). During the onset of the last deglaciation at 18 ka and the deglaciation
end at 11.5 ka, Antarctic temperature most likely led CO2 by several centuries (by 570 years, within a range of 127 to 751 years, 68 %
probability, at the T1 onset; and by 532 years, within a range of 337 to 629
years, 68 % probability, at the deglaciation end). At 14.4 ka, the onset
of the Antarctic Cold Reversal (ACR) period, our results do not show a clear
lead or lag (Antarctic temperature leads by 50 years, within a range of
−137 to 376 years, 68 % probability). The same is true at the end of the ACR
(CO2 leads by 65 years, within a range of 211 to 117 years, 68 %
probability). However, the timings of changes in trends for the individual
proxy records show variations from the stack, indicating regional differences
in the pattern of temperature change, particularly in the WAIS Divide record
at the onset of the deglaciation; the Dome Fuji record at the deglaciation
end; and the EDML record after 16 ka (EPICA Dronning Maud Land, where EPICA is the European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica). In addition, two changes – one at 16 ka in the CO2 record and one after the ACR onset in three of the
isotopic temperature records – do not have high-probability counterparts in the other record. The likely-variable phasing we identify testify to the
complex nature of the mechanisms driving the carbon cycle and Antarctic
temperature during the deglaciation.
Data assimilation of Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) observations into the Mercator Ocean operational system: focus on the El Niño 2015 event
Authors: Tranchant Benoît , Remy Elisabeth , Greiner Eric , Legalloudec Olivier 
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Monitoring sea surface salinity (SSS) is important for understanding and
forecasting the ocean circulation. It is even crucial in the context of the
intensification of the water cycle. Until recently, SSS was one of the less
observed essential ocean variables. Only sparse in situ observations, mostly
closer to 5 m depth than the surface, were available to estimate the SSS.
The recent satellite ESA Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS), NASA
Aquarius SAC-D and Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) missions have made it possible for the first time to measure SSS from space and can bring a
valuable additional constraint to control the model salinity. Nevertheless,
satellite SSS still contains some residual biases that must be removed prior
to bias correction and data assimilation. One of the major challenges of this
study is to estimate the SSS bias and a suitable observation error for the
data assimilation system. It was made possible by modifying a 3D-Var bias
correction scheme and by using the analysis of the residuals and errors with
an adapted statistical technique. This article presents the design and the analysis of an observing system
experiment (OSE) conducted with the 0.25∘ resolution Mercator Ocean
global analysis and forecasting system during the El Niño 2015/16 event.
The SSS data assimilation constrains the model to be closer to the
near-surface salinity observations in a coherent way with the other data sets
already routinely assimilated in an operational context. This also shows that
the overestimation of E–P is corrected by data assimilation through
salting in regions where precipitations are higher. Globally, the SMOS SSS
assimilation has a positive impact in salinity over the top 30 m.
Comparisons to independent salinity data sets show a small but positive
impact and corroborate the fact that the impact of SMOS SSS assimilation is
larger in the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ) regions. There is little impact on the sea
surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height (SSH) error statistics.
Nevertheless, the SSH seems to be impacted by the tropical instability wave
(TIW) propagation, itself linked to changes in barrier layer thickness
(BLT). Finally, this study helped us to progress in the understanding of the biases
and errors that can degrade the SMOS SSS data assimilation performance.
Quantifier Scope in Russian
Authors: Antonyuk Svitlana 
Published: May 2019

This paper documents certain quantifier scope ambiguities in Russian and argues that these are derived by means of a covert syntactic movement operation, Quantifier Raising (QR). By doing so, it argues against the popular “frozen scope” view of Russian (Ionin 2003) by showing that optional, non-local QR past vP level must be available in the language in exactly the contexts where it is available in English. Syntactic evidence for the parallelism comes from Inverse Linking, Antecedent Contained Deletion and other contexts that have been argued to point to the existence of QR in English. Additionally, evidence for the availability of subject Reconstruction for scope in Russian (contra Ionin 2003) strongly suggests that the mechanism deriving ambiguity in basic SVO sentences in Russian must involve subject Reconstruction plus object QR to vP, exactly as has been argued to be necessary for English in Johnson (2000; 2001). The conclusion that Russian possesses QR with the same properties known from English suggests that the availability of QR in certain languages or certain constructions should not be tied to the unavailability of Scrambling since Russian also exhibits Scrambling. This conclusion thus carries important implications for other languages still currently taken to be similarly scope frozen due to the availability of Scrambling.
Ambitieuze en ambivalente vernieuwing van de lokale democratie in Nederland
Authors: Schaap Linze , Hendriks Frank , Karsten Niels , van Ostaaijen Julien , Wagenaar Charlotte 
Published: May 2019

Ambitious and ambivalent renewal of local democracy in the Netherlands
In this article in the series on the local democratic audit, the authors argue that municipal democracy in the Netherlands has become a multiple democracy. Within the formal framework of representative democracy, numerous democratic arrangements have emerged that may be referred to as participatory, direct and also what the authors call ‘do-democracy’. Additions to representative democracy did not come without reason: representative democracy is not a perfect system, either in theory or in practice. Efforts have been made to improve the functioning of representative democracy in a number of ways. Three of these are discussed in this article. The authors note that these three reforms do not solve the problems in representative democracy. So the Dutch municipalities have started looking for additions to representative democracy. In this article various forms of participatory, do-it-yourself and direct democracy are discussed. Many effects of these reforms are still unknown and knowledge about them has crumbled, but one conclusion can be drawn: people with a low education are not inclined to take part, even with arrangements that are easily accessible. Striving for a more vital local democracy seems meaningful; the authors formulate a number of ways of thinking about this.
Moral entrepreneurs in de 21ste eeuw
Authors: Petintseva Olga , Decorte Tom 
Published: May 2019

Moral entrepreneurs in de 21ste eeuw
In the introductory article of this special issue on ‘moral entrepreneurs’ in the 21st century, we situate different notions of moral entrepreneurship. Particularly foregrounding Howard Becker’s definition, we discuss its origins and use in subsequent research. The question that we’ve put forward in the ‘call for papers’ for this special issue is to what extent the notion is relevant in contemporary research and who is considered as ‘moral entrepreneur’. The research papers discuss ‘entrepreneurial’ practices of university ethic commissions, medical professionals, police officers and the leaders of cannabis social clubs. We conclude that the underlying rationales and discourses of moral entrepreneurs that the authors identify, reflect contemporary neoliberal ideals.
Prediction of ADME-Tox properties and toxicological endpoints of triazole fungicides used for cereals protection
Authors: Gridan Ionut Mădălin , Ciorsac Alecu Aurel , Isvoran Adriana 
Published: May 2019

Within this study we have considered 9 triazole fungicides that are approved to be used in European Union for protecting cereals: cyproconazole, epoxiconazole, flutriafol, metconazole, paclobutrazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triadimenol and triticonazole. We have summarized the few available data that support their effects on humans and used various computational tools to obtain a widely view concerning their possible harmful effects on humans. The results of our predictive study reflect that all triazole fungicides considered in this study reveal good oral bioavailability, are envisaged as being able to penetrate the blood brain barrier and to interact with P-glycoprotein and with hepatic cytochromes. The predictions concerning the toxicological endpoints for the investigated triazole fungicides reveal that they. reflect potential of skin sensitization, of blockage of the hERG K+ channels and of endocrine disruption, that they have not mutagenic potential and their carcinogenic potential is not clear. Epoxiconazole and triadimenol are predicted to have the highest potentials of producing numerous harmful effects on humans and their use should be avoided or limited.
Accuracy-Based Vitamin D Survey: Six Years of Quality Improvement Guided by Proficiency Testing
Authors: Erdman Patrick , Palmer-Toy Darryl E. , Horowitz Gary , Hoofnagle Andrew 
Published: May 2019

Context.—
The goal of the College of American Pathologists Accuracy-Based Proficiency Testing Program is to promote the quality, standardization, and harmonization of clinical laboratory results through proficiency testing specimens that are free from matrix effects, have target values that are traceable to reference methods, and that probe the limitations of current methods.

Objective.—
To summarize the first 6 years of the Accuracy-Based Vitamin D Survey and highlight key insights from the data generated as it relates to assay performance.

Design.—
Accuracy-based challenges were created by using pooled human serum samples. Certain samples were derived from participants in an institutional review board–approved protocol in which vitamin D–deficient participants were treated with ergocalciferol (vitamin D2). Reference targets for the survey were set by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention using isotope-dilution liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Each method was compared with the reference method procedure over the course of the program (n = 43 proficiency testing samples).

Results.—
Linear regression versus the reference method procedure revealed proportional biases across the methods, ranging from 0.0% to 16.7%. Pearson correlation coefficients (r2) ranged from 0.902 to 0.996. Results were influenced by the concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 as well as the C-3 epimer of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. During the 6 years, 2 manufacturers altered their assays to match the reference method procedure more closely.

Conclusions.—
There is considerable bias, both proportional bias and sample-specific matrix effects, affecting many assays. This ongoing accuracy-based proficiency testing program for vitamin D will provide the data needed for laboratories and manufacturers to improve their assays and thereby patient care.
KRAS G12V Mutation in Acquired Resistance to Combined BRAF and MEK Inhibition in Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Owen Dwight H. , Konda Bhavana , Sipos Jennifer , Liu Tom , Webb Amy , Ringel Matthew D. , Timmers Cynthia D. , Shah Manisha H. 
Published: May 2019

BRAFV600E mutations occur in approximately 40% of all patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and are associated with a worse prognosis in population studies. Treatment with single-agent BRAF inhibitors can result in nondurable partial responses (PRs) in clinical trials, but resistance inevitably develops. The mechanisms of resistance are not completely understood, but in non-thyroid tumors harboringBRAFV600E mutations, resistance has been ascribed to concurrent or acquired mutations inMEK1/2, RAC1, KRAS,andNRAS.This case report describes a patient with radioactive iodine–refractory metastatic PTC treated in a clinical trial with combination BRAF and MEK inhibition who achieved a durable PR. At time of progression, biopsy revealed an acquiredKRASG12V–activating mutation. The patient subsequently went on to have a PR to cabozantinib therapy in the clinical trial. This is the first reported case of an acquiredKRAS-activating mutation that developed during treatment with BRAF and MEK inhibition in a patient withBRAF-mutated PTC. TheKRASmutation was also detected in peripheral blood samples taken as part of the trial, indicating that resistant mutations may be identified through noninvasive means. The identification of resistant mutations in patients at time of progression is necessary to identify possible therapeutic options including potential clinical trials.ClinicalTrials.govidentifier: NCT01723202
Expert medico-legal reports: The relationship between levels of consistency and judicial outcomes in asylum seekers in the Netherlands
Authors: Aarts Rembrant , Wanrooij Lennard Van , Bloemen Evert , Smid Geert 
Published: May 2019

Introduction: If asylum applicants need to prove that they have been persecuted in their home country, expert judgment of the psychological and physical consequences of torture may support the judicial process. Expert medico-legal reports can be used to assess whether the medical complaints of the asylum seeker are consistent with their asylum account. It is unclear which factors influence medical expert judgement about the consistency between an asylum seeker’s symptoms and story, and to what extent expert medico-legal reports are associated with judicial outcomes. Methods: We analysed 97 medico-legal reports on traumatised asylum seekers in the Netherlands. First, we evaluated the impact of trauma-related and other variables on experts’ judgments of the consistency of symptoms and story. Second, we evaluated the effect of experts’ judgments of symptom-story consistency on subsequent judicial outcomes. Results: Gender, receipt of mental health care and trauma-related variables were associated with symptomstory consistency. Positive asylum decisions were predicted by expert judgments about the presence of physical signs and symptoms of torture, and ill-treatment and their consistency with the refugee’s story, but not psychological symptoms. Conclusion: These results suggest that standardised procedures for the documenting of medical evidence by independent experts can improve judicial decision quality and the need to improve psychological and psychiatric assessments.