bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Bourdieusian analysis of the educational field and professional identity of EFL teachers
Authors: Hashemi Moghadam Hamidreza , Adel Seyyed Mohammad Reza , Ghaniabadi Saeed , Amirian Seyyed Mohammad Reza 
Published: March 2019

PurposeInformed by the Bourdieusian construct of the social field, the purpose of this paper is to explore how different aspects of the educational field and the sub-field of English language teaching in Iran influence diverse components of the professional identity of high school EFL teachers. To this aim, the impact of the power hierarchization structure, distribution of capitals and field autonomy, as important aspects of the social field theory, is investigated in relation to Iranian EFL teachers’ professional identity construction.Design/methodology/approachVan Manen’s (1990) hermeneutic phenomenological research method was adopted to analyze the data obtained through the semi-structured interviews and reflexive journals from 15 Iranian EFL teachers at high schools.FindingsThe hermeneutic phenomenological analysis of the data yielded to the extraction of one global, three organizing and six basic themes. The global theme was the educational field and professional identity. The resulting organizing themes were: first, autonomous field and teachers’ commitment; second, asymmetric power relation and teachers’ autonomy; and, finally, cultural capital and teachers’ motivation. This study revealed how the complex and multi-dimensional nature of the power relations between the field of education and power influenced the professional identity of EFL teachers.Research limitations/implicationsThis dynamic representation of the inherent complexities of the educational context contributes to a more profound understanding of the role of the micro and macro contextual factors in formulating teachers’ professional identity. The implications of this study are further explained.Originality/valueHereby, the authors declare that all the procedures of data collection and analysis have been just done by the researchers.
Research through design for energy transition: two case studies in Germany and The Netherlands
Authors: Stremke Sven , Schöbel Sören 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to enlarge the body of knowledge on research through design (RtD) methods that can be employed by landscape architects and others working on (but not limited to) sustainable energy transition.

Design/methodology/approach
A specific approach to RtD – qualitative landscape structure analysis (QLSA) – is introduced and illustrated by means of diagrams and photographs. Two case studies showcase the application of QLSA for research on solar parks in the Netherlands and research on wind turbines in the Alpine foothills in Southern Germany.

Findings
The case studies show how RtD can help to define design principles for large solar parks and arrangement of wind turbines in particular landscape types in the Netherlands and Germany, respectively. In doing so, RtD can help to expand the breadth of spatial research beyond well-established methods such as multi-criteria decision analysis and environmental impact assessment.

Originality/value
The paper provides insights into contemporary RtD in two countries and affirms the importance of such research with regard to landscape transformations while starting to define a research niche for landscape architects and other environmental designers working on the topic of sustainable energy transition.
Entebbe Ltd.: A Tax Case
Authors: Farrar Jonathan , Zhang Lu 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis case is designed to integrate two major tax issues—wind‐up of a company versus sale of shares—with business valuations. Thus, it is designed to incorporate key tax and finance CPA competency areas. There are two valuations required in this case. One is the valuation of shares; the other is the valuation of an intangible asset (a patent). Students have to recognize that before they can decide whether a wind‐up or sale of shares is preferred, they first need to determine the fair market value (FMV) of the shares. However, to determine the FMV of the shares, the valuation of a patent must be done first, as its value will impact the FMV of the shares. Thus, this case requires students to sequence their analysis. Residency issues (“departure tax”) upon leaving Canada permanently are also indirectly identified in the case.
Krazy Kimmy's: A Case in Fraud Examination
Authors: Weingartner Shawna 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis two‐part case allows for maximum student engagement through preparation, in‐class discussion, and through a Part B case that is part of the Teaching Note. Through this case, students work to identify possible fraud schemes, plan an investigation, and perform horizontal analysis calculations. Students will learn about the concept of ethical hacking, red flag identification, internal control weaknesses, and investigation considerations for fraud schemes. Further, in‐class planning for next steps and investigation can occur, providing an opportunity for group work and in‐depth learning. This case offers flexibility for instructors in that it can be covered over one class or multiple classes, or can be assigned as an independent or group assignment. This teaching note provides an overview of the case along with guidance for teaching this case.
Performance attribution of mutual funds in India: outperformance or mis‐representation?
Authors: Chauhan Gaurav Singh 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe conduct a novel holdings‐based performance attribution, particularly suited to emerging markets, for equity‐oriented active mutual funds in India. Although, we find significantly positive alphas for an average fund, the stated benchmarks are grossly mis‐specified. A style‐adjusted benchmark could beat the stated benchmarks by greater margins than the funds themselves. While funds’ trading activity consistently adds value, cash drag and market timing usually diminish value. Although, the best‐performing funds exhibit superior security selection abilities, their outperformance does not persist. However, despite the lack of persistence winner funds continue to generate significantly higher alphas than loser funds for quite some time.
Anterior abdominal wall defects managed at a tertiary maternal‐fetal medicine service in New Zealand: What counselling advice can we offer parents?
Authors: Narang Apoorv , Carlsen Victoria , Long Audrey , Battin Malcolm , Upadhyay Vipul , Sadler Lynn , Stone Peter 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundAnterior abdominal wall defects, including gastroschisis and omphalocoele, are common fetal anomalies. The management remains complicated, and their diagnosis may lead to significant parental distress. Effective parental counselling may impact on parental perceptions of the defect and help guide pregnancy management.AimsUsing contemporary data, we aimed to describe clinical outcomes of patients with gastroschisis or omphalocoele in order to provide information for clinicians to assist in parental counselling.Materials and MethodsWe followed a case‐series of patients with anterior abdominal wall defects referred to our regional Maternal Fetal Medicine services from 2011 to 2016. Outcomes of interest antenatally included details of diagnosis, associated anomalies and outcomes of pregnancy and postnatally included the nature of surgical repair, hospital stay and secondary complications until initial discharge.ResultsEighty babies with gastroschisis were referred antenatally, and 72 were liveborn. Forty‐nine babies with omphalocoele were referred antenatally, and 24 were liveborn. One further neonate with omphalocoele was postnatally diagnosed. Seventy‐one neonates with gastroschisis progressed to operation, 30 developed complications post‐surgery, and 68 survived until initial discharge. Twenty‐two neonates with omphalocoele progressed to surgery, only two developed complications, and 21 survived until initial discharge. Eight of the surviving neonates with omphalocoele had associated structural abnormalities. The median hospital stay was 27 and eight days for gastroschisis and omphalocoele, respectively.ConclusionNeonates with gastroschisis can have complex postnatal periods. Omphalocoele is associated with high antenatal mortality, especially in the presence of associated abnormalities; however, surviving neonates may have uneventful postnatal periods.
Retinal oximetry in normal and amblyopic children: a pilot study
Authors: Mohan Ashwin , Kemmanu Vasudha , Baliga Swathi , Patil Minal , Madhavrao Bhanumathi , Webers Carroll A.B. , Yadav Naresh Kumar , Shetty Rohit , Berendschot Tos T.J.M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPurposeTo study the retinal vascular oxygen saturation in amblyopic eyes and compare them to unaffected fellow eyes and eyes of normal subjects.MethodsA total of 32 amblyopic, 24 normal and 13 fellow eyes of patients below age of 18 were enrolled in this prospective observation study. Retinal oximetry was performed using the Oxymap T1 retinal oximeter. Retinal vascular oxygen saturations and diameters were compared between amblyopic eyes, normal eyes and unaffected fellow eyes.ResultsThe average age was 8.6 years in the amblyopia group (M:F 16:16) and 10.9 years in the normal group (M:F 7:5; p = 0.024). Median corrected distance visual acuity in the amblyopia group was 20/50; it was 20/20 in the other groups (p < 0.001). The average arteriolar and venous saturation in the amblyopia, normal and fellow group was 84.5% (95% CI: 82.6–86.4), 83.2% (95% CI: 80.7–85.6) and 80.8% (95% CI: 78.6–82.9) and 51.9% (95% CI: 50.4–53.4), 50.8% (95% CI: 48.2–53.4) and 49.3% (95% CI: 45.7–52.9). There was no statistically significant difference between the saturation values of the amblyopia group and the controls, however, significantly higher values were found in the amblyopia group compared to the fellow group for arteriolar and venous saturations (p = 0.013; p = 0.005). Arteriolar and venous diameters showed no significant difference between groups.ConclusionAmblyopic eyes showed higher mean oxygen saturations than the fellow eyes. This observation could be due to altered neuronal activity or could be due to a measurement artefact due to alterations in retinal reflectivity.
Longitudinal changes in glycated haemoglobin following treatment intensification after inadequate response to two oral antidiabetic agents in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Kim Kibum , Unni Sudhir , Brixner Diana I. , Thomas Sheila M. , Olsen Cody J. , Sterling Kimberly L. , Mitchell Matt , McAdam‐Marx Carrie 
Published: March 2019

AimsTo identify change in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) for 1 year after treatment intensification in patients with HbA1c >53 mmol/mol (7.0%) while on two classes of oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs).Material and methodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted using a regional health plan claims database for the period January 1, 2010 to March 31, 2017. Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) whose treatment was intensified with insulin, a glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist or a third OAD within 365 days of having HbA1c ≥53 mmol/mol (7.0%) on two OADs were included. The HbA1c trajectory for 1 year after intensification was estimated using a mixed‐effects regression model.ResultsThe analysis included 1226 patients with a mean ± SD HbA1c at treatment intensification of 74.2 ± 18.7 mmol/mol (8.93 ± 1.7%). HbA1c was higher in the insulin group (74.2 mmol/mol) than in the non‐insulin group (70.6 mmol/mol), as was the HbA1c decrease (P < 0.01) over the 1‐year follow‐up, particularly in patients with baseline HbA1c >9%. After intensification, insulin‐ and non‐insulin‐treated patients achieved an average change by month in HbA1c of −4.7 mmol/mol and −2.6 mmol/mol points, respectively. The analysis predicted HbA1c to be the lowest at 6 to 10 months post intensification, depending on intensification treatment and HbA1c at intensification; however, on average, HbA1c remained above 64.0 mmol/mol (8.0%).ConclusionIn patients with T2DM, intensification following an HbA1c value ≥53 mmol/mol (7.0%) while on two OADs was associated with a significant improvement in glycaemic control. Patients intensified with insulin had a higher baseline HbA1c but greater HbA1c reduction than those intensified with a non‐insulin agent. However, HbA1c remained above 64 mmol/mol (8.0%) overall. Additional opportunity exists to further intensify therapy to improve glycaemic control.
Performance evaluation of multilayer perceptron, radial basis function, fuzzy inference system, and an adaptively tuned fuzzy wavelet neural network in parameter prediction of multiphase flow measurement instrumentation
Authors: Khayat Omid , Afarideh Hossein 
Published: March 2019

AbstractApplication of predictive models in industrial multiphase flow metering has attracted an increasing attention recently. Void fraction (VF), water–liquid ratio (WLR), and flow regime are key parameters, measured by oil/water/gas multiphase flow metres (MPFM) in petroleum industry. Artificial neural networks and fuzzy inference systems (FIS) are reliable and efficient computational models, which can be simply implemented on microprocessors of MPFMs, having the advantages of trainability, adaptability, and capability to model non‐linear functions. In this paper, a wavelet‐based adaptive neuro‐FIS (WANFIS) is introduced and validated by the prediction of multiphase flow measurement critical parameters including flow regime, VF, and WLR. The performance of the proposed WANFIS model is then compared with multilayer perceptron (MLP), radial basis function (RBF) network, and an FIS trained by fuzzy c‐means and a subtractive clustering method in the prediction of flow parameters in a customized designed structure of oil/water/gas MPFM. Structural parameters of all predictive models are first optimized to yield the most efficient structure for the available dataset. Comparison is then made between the optimized predictive models, in terms of mean squared error of parameter prediction, computation time, and repeatability of the prediction process. According to the obtained results, MLP model using Levenberg–Marquardt training algorithm and WANFIS model using gradient‐based back propagation dynamical iterative learning algorithm are the most efficient models, which give the best performance compared with other used models. All predictive models can predict the flow regime with 100% accuracy, whereas the highest inaccuracy is related to the prediction of WLR. The results of this study can be used to select and develop the most appropriate predictive model applicable in predicting and identifying flow measurement parameters in industrial MPFMs.
PtdIns(4,5)P2 is generated by a novel phosphatidylinositol 4‐phosphate 5‐kinase in the protist parasite Entamoeba histolytica
Authors: Sharma Shalini , Bhattacharya Sudha , Bhattacharya Alok 
Published: March 2019

Entamoeba histolytica is an intestinal protist parasite that causes amoebiasis, a major source of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Phosphoinositides are involved in signalling systems that have a role in invasion and pathogenesis of this parasite. Phosphatidylinositol 4‐phosphate 5‐kinase (PIP5K) catalyses the generation of phosphatidylinositol(4,5)bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2), a key species of phosphoinositide that regulates various cellular processes. However, phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase (PIPK) family of enzymes have not been characterized in E. histolytica. Here, we report the identification and characterization of type I PIPK (EhPIPKI) of E. histolytica. Computational analysis revealed homologs of type I and III PIPK family in E. histolytica and the absence of type II PIPK. In spite of low overall sequence identity, the kinase domain was found to be highly conserved. Interestingly, a unique insertion of a tandem repeat motif was observed in EhPIPKI distinguishing it from existing PIPKs of other organisms. Substrate profiling showed that EhPIPKI could phosphorylate at third and fifth hydroxyl positions of phosphatidylinositols, though the predominant substrate was phosphatidylinositol 4‐phosphate (PtdIns(4)P). Furthermore, EhPIPKI underwent intracellular cleavage close to the amino‐terminal, generating two distinct fragments Nter‐EhPIPKI (27p) and Cter‐EhPIPKI (47p). Immunofluorescence and cellular fractionation revealed that the full‐length EhPIPKI and the Cter‐EhPIPKI containing carboxyl‐terminal activation loop were present in the plasma membrane while the Nter‐EhPIPKI was observed in the cytosolic region. In conclusion, E. histolytica has a single EhPIPKI gene that displays novel properties of post‐translational processing, the presence of a repeat domain and substrate specificity not observed in any PIPK enzyme so far.
Promote Biomarker Discovery by Identifying Homogenous Primary Headache Subgroups
Authors: Frederiksen Simona Denise 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWithin‐ and between‐study heterogeneity impede identification of valid primary headache biomarkers. Homogenous subgroup identification and investigation of differential biochemical profiles and networks within and across headache categories, based on statistical techniques, might promote biomarker discovery. When studying common primary headaches with a multifactorial etiology, variability might be captured at different levels (eg, genetics, clinical features, comorbidities, triggers). Moreover, focus on biochemical profiles instead of single compounds is crucial to develop strategies for accurate differential diagnosis.
Genomic analysis of recurrences and high‐grade forms of polymorphous adenocarcinoma
Authors: Sebastiao Ana P M , Pareja Fresia , Kumar Rahul , Brown David N , Silveira Catarina , da Silva Edaise M , Lee Ju Y , Del Angela , Katabi Nora , Chiosea Simion , Weigelt Britta , Reis‐Filho Jorge S , Seethala Raja R 
Published: March 2019

AimsPolymorphous adenocarcinoma (PAC) usually follows an indolent course, but some cases may show recurrences and high‐grade features. The genetic events associated with recurrences and high‐grade versions are yet to be defined. Our aim was to determine the genetic underpinning of recurrent PACs of the salivary gland and the repertoire of somatic genetic alterations in cases with high‐grade histology.Methods and resultsFour PACs from three patients, including one case with matching primary and recurrent tumours, one de‐novo high‐grade PAC, and a PAC that transformed to a high‐grade tumour following multiple recurrences, were subjected to targeted sequencing (Memorial Sloan Kettering Mutation Profiling of Actionable Cancer Targets assay) or whole‐exome sequencing. Both matching primary and recurrent tumours, and the de‐novo high‐grade PAC, harboured clonal PRKD1 E710D hotspot mutations, whereas the PAC that underwent high‐grade transformation upon recurrence, which was wild‐type for PRKD1, harboured a PRKD2 rearrangement. The PACs analysed here also harboured mutations targeting cancer genes such as PIK3CA, SETD2, ARID1A, and NOTCH2. A clonal decomposition analysis of the matching primary and recurrent PACs revealed that a minor subclone from the primary tumour became dominant in the recurrent tumour following a clonal selection evolutionary pattern.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate that recurrent and high‐grade PACs are underpinned by PRKD1 E710D hotspot mutations or PRKD2 rearrangements, and that recurrences of PACs may stem from the selection of pre‐existing subclones in the primary tumour.
Severe haematologic toxicity is rare in high risk HIV‐exposed infants receiving combination neonatal prophylaxis
Authors:   The European Pregnancy and Paediatric HIV Cohort Collaboration (EPPICC) study group in EuroCoord, Chiappini Elena 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesCombination neonatal prophylaxis (CNP) is recommended in high‐risk situations for the prevention of mother‐to‐child HIV transmission, although data on its safety are limited. The aim of the study was to identify whether neonatal prophylaxis (NP) type is associated with the risk of severe anaemia or neutropaenia.MethodsAn individual patient data meta‐analysis was conducted within six European cohorts, in infants at high risk for acquiring HIV infection. Adjusted logistic regression models were used to assess the risk of National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Division of AIDS (DAIDS) grade 3–4 anaemia/neutropaenia at ages 0–6 months. Mixture models of haemoglobin (Hb) level and log10‐transformed neutrophil count (NC) were used to explore associations with NP type at ages 0–18 months.ResultsOf 1836 infants, 25% were preterm, 1149 (63%) had antenatal combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) exposure and 395 (22%) received NP (125 received CNP with three drugs). Overall, 117 (6.7%) infants had grade 3–4 anaemia at age 0–6 months and 140 (9.1%) had grade 3–4 neutropaenia. The presence of grade 3–4 anaemia or neutropaenia was not associated with NP type [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.04 for one‐drug NP and 1.60 for three‐drug NP versus two‐drug NP (P = 0.879 and P = 0.277, respectively) for anaemia; aOR 1.33 for one‐drug NP and 1.98 for three‐drug NP versus two‐drug NP (P = 0.330 and P = 0.113, respectively) for neutropaenia], but was associated with preterm delivery. Overall, 7746 Hb and NC results were available for 1836 infants up to age 18 months; no significant differences in predicted Hb level or NC were apparent by NP type.ConclusionsA small proportion of infants experienced grade 3–4 haematological adverse events; risk of anaemia or netropenia was not associated with type of NP.
A C‐type lectin with a single carbohydrate‐recognition domain involved in the innate immune response of Tribolium castaneum
Authors: Bi J. , Feng F. , Li J. , Mao J. , Ning M. , Song X. , Xie J. , Tang J. , Li B. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractC‐type lectins are one of the pattern‐recognition proteins involved in innate immunity in invertebrates. Although there are 16 C‐type lectin genes that have been identified in the genome of Tribolium castaneum, their functions and mechanisms in innate immunity remain unknown. Here, we identified one C‐type lectin orthologue, TcCTL6 (TC003708), by sequencing random clones from the cDNA library of the coleopteran beetle, T. castaneum. TcCTL6 contains a 654 bp open reading frame encoding a protein of 217 amino acids that includes a single carbohydrate‐recognition domain. The expression of TcCTL6 was significantly induced by Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and stimulation with carbohydrates, including lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan. A binding assay suggested that the recombinant TcCTL6 not only bound to lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan but also bound to Gram‐positive (S. aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus thuringiensis) and Gram‐negative bacteria (E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) in the presence of calcium ions. Furthermore, when TcCTL6 was knocked down by RNA interference, four antimicrobial peptides (attacin1, attacin2, coleoptericin1 and coleoptericin2) were significantly decreased. These results demonstrate that TcCTL6 plays a vital role in the immune response towards pathogen infection by influencing the expression of antimicrobial peptides and the agglutination of bacteria in the presence of calcium ions in T. castaneum.