bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of oxygen partial pressure on the microstructure, electrical and optical properties of the Sn-doped In2O3 thin films
Authors: Liu Xiaochan , An Yukai , Lin Zhen , Liu Jiwen 
Published: August 2018

The effects of oxygen partial pressure on the microstructure, electrical and photo-sensitive properties of the Sn-doped In2O3 (ITO) films deposited by different Ar–O2 flow rates (10:0.4, 10:1, 10:1.8 and 10:3) were investigated systematically by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Hall effect, UV-Vis and optical measurements. The XRD and SEM measurements show that the ITO film deposited at oxygen flow rate of 0.4 sccm prefers to (400) orientation and has a rough sawtooth-shaped surface. However, the ITO films deposited at oxygen flow rates of 1 sccm, 1.8 sccm and 3 sccm prefer to (222) orientation and exhibit a flat smooth surface. The conductivity, mobility and photosensitive property of ITO films are also sensitive to oxygen flow rate. The ITO film deposited at oxygen flow rate of 0.4 sccm has a high carrier concentration (up to [Formula: see text] cm[Formula: see text]) and mobility (16.7 cm2/vs), low resistivity [Formula: see text], and a long response time but good sensitivity to ultraviolet light. It can be concluded that the surface morphology plays a dominant role in sensitivity to ultraviolet light. The good sensitivity of ultraviolet light is gained from the ITO film with sawtooth-shaped surface.
Arnold
Authors: Georgiev Iliyan , Ize Thiago , Farnsworth Mike , Montoya-Vozmediano Ramón , King Alan , Lommel Brecht Van , Jimenez Angel , Anson Oscar , Ogaki Shinji , Johnston Eric , Herubel Adrien , Russell Declan , Servant Frédéric , Fajardo Marcos 
Published: August 2018

Arnold is a physically based renderer for feature-length animation and visual effects. Conceived in an era of complex multi-pass rasterization-based workflows struggling to keep up with growing demands for complexity and realism, Arnold was created to take on the challenge of making the simple and elegant approach of brute-force Monte Carlo path tracing practical for production rendering. Achieving this required building a robust piece of ray-tracing software that can ingest large amounts of geometry with detailed shading and lighting and produce images with high fidelity, while scaling well with the available memory and processing power.
Arnold’s guiding principles are to expose as few controls as possible, provide rapid feedback to artists, and adapt to various production workflows. In this article, we describe its architecture with a focus on the design and implementation choices made during its evolutionary development to meet the aforementioned requirements and goals. Arnold’s workhorse is a unidirectional path tracer that avoids the use of hard-to-manage and artifact-prone caching and sits on top of a ray-tracing engine optimized to shoot and shade billions of spatially incoherent rays throughout a scene. A comprehensive API provides the means to configure and extend the system’s functionality, to describe a scene, render it, and save the results.
Allergies and Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Case–Control Study and Meta-analysis
Authors: Wallace Amelia D. , Francis Stephen S. , Ma Xiomei , McKean-Cowdin Roberta , Selvin Steve , Whitehead Todd P. , Barcellos Lisa F. , Kang Alice Y. , Morimoto Libby , Moore Theodore B. , Wiemels Joseph L. , Metayer Catherine 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Background: Allergic disease is suspected to play a role in the development of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Studies conducted over the last several decades have yielded mixed results.
Methods: We examined the association between allergy, a common immune-mediated disorder, and ALL in the California Childhood Leukemia Study (CCLS), a case–control study of 977 children diagnosed with ALL and 1,037 matched controls (1995–2015). History of allergies in the first year of life was obtained from interviews, mainly reported by mothers. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to estimate ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), controlling for birth order, daycare attendance, and mode of delivery. In addition, we conducted meta-analyses with data from the CCLS and 12 published studies and employed a new method to estimate between-study heterogeneity (R_b).
Results: Overall, no associations were observed between childhood ALL risk and specific allergy phenotypes or any allergy, as a group. However, having any allergy was associated with an increased risk of ALL among the youngest study participants. In the meta-analysis random-effects models, reduced odds of ALL were associated with hay fever (metaOR = 0.65; 95% CI, 0.47–0.90); however, restricting the analysis to studies that used medical records for assessment of allergy or recently published studies led to null or attenuated results.
Conclusions: Overall, our findings do not support a clear association between allergy and childhood ALL.
Impact: The degree to which epidemiologic studies can inform the relationship between allergies and risk of childhood ALL is limited by R_b. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(10); 1142–50. ©2018 AACR.
Anti-Folate Receptor Alpha–Directed Antibody Therapies Restrict the Growth of Triple-negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Cheung Anthony , Opzoomer James , Ilieva Kristina M. , Gazinska Patrycja , Hoffmann Ricarda M. , Mirza Hasan , Marlow Rebecca , Francesch-Domenech Erika , Fittall Matthew , Dominguez Rodriguez Diana , Clifford Angela , Badder Luned , Patel Nirmesh , Mele Silvia , Pellizzari Giulia , Bax Heather J. , Crescioli Silvia , Petranyi Gyula , Larcombe-Young Daniel , Josephs Debra H. , Canevari Silvana , Figini Mariangela , Pinder Sarah , Nestle Frank O. , Gillett Cheryl , Spicer James F. , Grigoriadis Anita , Tutt Andrew N.J. , Karagiannis Sophia N. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Purpose: Highly aggressive triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) lack validated therapeutic targets and have high risk of metastatic disease. Folate receptor alpha (FRα) is a central mediator of cell growth regulation that could serve as an important target for cancer therapy.
Experimental Design: We evaluated FRα expression in breast cancers by genomic (n = 3,414) and IHC (n = 323) analyses and its association with clinical parameters and outcomes. We measured the functional contributions of FRα in TNBC biology by RNA interference and the antitumor functions of an antibody recognizing FRα (MOv18-IgG1), in vitro, and in human TNBC xenograft models.
Results: FRα is overexpressed in significant proportions of aggressive basal like/TNBC tumors, and in postneoadjuvant chemotherapy–residual disease associated with a high risk of relapse. Expression is associated with worse overall survival. TNBCs show dysregulated expression of thymidylate synthase, folate hydrolase 1, and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, involved in folate metabolism. RNA interference to deplete FRα decreased Src and ERK signaling and resulted in reduction of cell growth. An anti-FRα antibody (MOv18-IgG1) conjugated with a Src inhibitor significantly restricted TNBC xenograft growth. Moreover, MOv18-IgG1 triggered immune-dependent cancer cell death in vitro by human volunteer and breast cancer patient immune cells, and significantly restricted orthotopic and patient-derived xenograft growth.
Conclusions: FRα is overexpressed in high-grade TNBC and postchemotherapy residual tumors. It participates in cancer cell signaling and presents a promising target for therapeutic strategies such as ADCs, or passive immunotherapy priming Fc-mediated antitumor immune cell responses. Clin Cancer Res; 24(20); 5098–111. ©2018 AACR.
Interim PET Analysis in First-Line Therapy of Multiple Myeloma: Prognostic Value of ΔSUVmax in the FDG-Avid Patients of the IMAJEM Study
Authors: Bailly Clément , Carlier Thomas , Jamet Bastien , Eugene Thomas , Touzeau Cyrille , Attal Michel , Hulin Cyrille , Facon Thierry , Leleu Xavier , Perrot Aurore , Garderet Laurent , Macro Margaret , Caillot Denis , Moreau Philippe , Kraeber-Bodéré Françoise , Bodet-Milin Caroline 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Purpose: To assess the prognostic value of interim 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET analysis using decrease in maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) versus visual analysis in patients with multiple myeloma.
Patients and Methods: We evaluated the prognostic value of FDG-PET after three cycles of lenalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone (RVD) in patients with FDG-avid multiple myeloma included in the French prospective multicenter IMAJEM study. All images were centrally reviewed and interpreted using visual criteria and maximal standardized uptake value reduction (ΔSUVmax). Known prognostic factors, such as the revised International Staging System and biochemical response after three cycles of chemotherapy, were also evaluated.
Results: In the multivariate analysis, only ΔSUVmax [P &lt; 0.001, HR = 5.56; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.96–15.81] and biochemical response after three cycles of RVD (P = 0.025, HR = 0.29; 95% CI, 0.1–0.85) appeared as independent prognostic factors, with a more discriminative HR for ΔSUVmax. ΔSUVmax analysis (&gt;–25% vs. ≤–25%) identified patients with improved median progression-free survival (22.6 months and not reached, respectively).
Conclusions: ΔSUVmax appears to be a powerful tool for the prediction of long-term outcome in patients with FDG-avid multiple myeloma. Other prospective studies are needed to further validate this prognostic biomarker. Clin Cancer Res; 24(21); 5219–24. ©2018 AACR.
SPOP-Mutated/CHD1-Deleted Lethal Prostate Cancer and Abiraterone Sensitivity
Authors: Boysen Gunther , Rodrigues Daniel N. , Rescigno Pasquale , Seed George , Dolling David , Riisnaes Ruth , Crespo Mateus , Zafeiriou Zafeiris , Sumanasuriya Semini , Bianchini Diletta , Hunt Joanne , Moloney Deirdre , Perez-Lopez Raquel , Tunariu Nina , Miranda Susana , Figueiredo Inês , Ferreira Ana , Christova Rossitza , Gil Veronica , Aziz Sara , Bertan Claudia , de Oliveira Flavia M. , Atkin Mark , Clarke Matthew , Goodall Jane , Sharp Adam , MacDonald Theresa , Rubin Mark A. , Yuan Wei , Barbieri Christopher E. , Carreira Suzanne , Mateo Joaquin , de Bono Johann S. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Purpose: CHD1 deletions and SPOP mutations frequently cooccur in prostate cancer with lower frequencies reported in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). We monitored CHD1 expression during disease progression and assessed the molecular and clinical characteristics of CHD1-deleted/SPOP-mutated metastatic CRPC (mCRPC).
Experimental Design: We identified 89 patients with mCRPC who had hormone-naive and castration-resistant tumor samples available: These were analyzed for CHD1, PTEN, and ERG expression by IHC. SPOP status was determined by targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS). We studied the correlations between these biomarkers and (i) overall survival from diagnosis; (ii) overall survival from CRPC; (iii) duration of abiraterone treatment; and (iv) response to abiraterone. Relationship with outcome was analyzed using Cox regression and log-rank analyses.
Results: CHD1 protein loss was detected in 11 (15%) and 13 (17%) of hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (HSPC) and CRPC biopsies, respectively. Comparison of CHD1 expression was feasible in 56 matched, same patient HSPC and CRPC biopsies. CHD1 protein status in HSPC and CRPC correlated in 55 of 56 cases (98%). We identified 22 patients with somatic SPOP mutations, with six of these mutations not reported previously in prostate cancer. SPOP mutations and/or CHD1 loss was associated with a higher response rate to abiraterone (SPOP: OR, 14.50 P = 0.001; CHD1: OR, 7.30, P = 0.08) and a longer time on abiraterone (SPOP: HR, 0.37, P = 0.002, CHD1: HR, 0.50, P = 0.06).
Conclusions: SPOP-mutated mCRPCs are strongly enriched for CHD1 loss. These tumors appear highly sensitive to abiraterone treatment. Clin Cancer Res; 24(22); 5585–93. ©2018 AACR.
Treg Fragility: A Prerequisite for Effective Antitumor Immunity?
Authors: Overacre-Delgoffe Abigail E. , Vignali Dario A.A. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Inhibitory checkpoint blockade has significantly improved patient response rate across numerous tumor types. However, most patients remain unresponsive to immunotherapy, suggesting that unappreciated mechanisms of resistance exist. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is unique and composed of many suppressive cell populations that inhibit antitumor immune responses, including regulatory T cells (Tregs). The TME is nutrient poor, acidic, and hypoxic, creating a challenging microenvironment for immune cells to function and survive. Tregs suppress a wide variety of cell populations through multiple mechanisms and are tasked with limiting tissue damage. Tregs are now considered to be a barrier to effective antitumor immunity. Systemic Treg depletion is not favored because of their critical role in maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing autoimmunity. Reducing Treg function specifically within the TME may provide a more effective, targeted approach to limit the immunosuppressive environment within the tumor without inducing systemic adverse consequences. Targeting molecules that cause Treg instability, characterized by loss of critical Treg transcription factors such as Foxp3, could result in conversion into cells that cause immune pathology, tissue damage, and subsequent autoimmune side effects. Interferon-γ (IFNγ) can cause intratumoral Treg “fragility,” which results in loss of suppressive activity and increased IFNγ production without loss of Foxp3 expression and gross Treg “identity.” We reviewed the impact Tregs have on the TME and vice versa, and their implications for responsiveness to cancer immunotherapy. We propose that the extent to which intratumoral Tregs develop a “fragile” phenotype following immunotherapy will predict and dictate responsiveness. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(8); 882–7. ©2018 AACR.
“Like a Throne of Glory:” The Apotropaic Potential of Ṣîṣîṯ in the Hebrew Bible and Early Rabbinic Literature
Authors: Kosior Wojciech 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAlthough at first glanceṣîṣîṯmeet the definitional criteria of an amulet, there are just three passages in the early rabbinic literature that only indirectly suggest such an interpretation. Yet, as it turns out, the tassels feature strong connections with the priestly clothes, and given the protective role played by the latter inside the Tabernacle,ṣîṣîṯcan be interpreted as a lay functional equivalent of the sacerdotal garment. The present paper has three main purposes: first, to scrutinize the passages from B. Men. (41a, 43b and 44a) that are often taken as witnessing to the apotropaic function of fringes; second, to contextualize tassels in the network of the priestly objects:teḵēlęṯ, ša‘aṭnēzandṣîṣ; third, to advance a hypothesis regarding the implicit apotropaic potential ofṣîṣîṯ.
A Genizah Fragment of Bavli Eruvin 53b–54a, 64b
Authors: Zur Uri 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This article presents a Genizah fragment related to B Eruv. 53b–54a, 64b, identified as Cambridge UL T-S F1 (2) 114. The article begins with a description of the fragment, including paleographic and calligraphic description. The fragment then is compared to the printed version of the text and major manuscripts of Eruvin, including graphic comments of the commentators in the margins of the page in the printed text.
Biological Risk and Infection Profiles of Young Adult Male Mexican American Gang Members
Authors: Cepeda Alice , Nowotny Kathryn M. , Frankeberger Jessica , Onge Jarron M. Saint , Valdez Avelardo 
Published: August 2018

Objectives: Little research has examined the long-term health consequences of gang affiliation among Mexican Americans. The objectives of this study were to (1) measure biological indicators of cardiovascular and metabolic risk, as well as prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), in a sample of Mexican American men aged 25-40 who were affiliated with gangs as adolescents and (2) compare those indicators with a comparable national sample of Latino men. Methods: Using bivariate analyses, we compared blood pressure, body mass index, 4 metabolic and cardiovascular indicators, and 4 infections for 179 Mexican American formerly gang-affiliated men in San Antonio, Texas, and 155 Mexican American men from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We used multivariate models to estimate adjusted risk scores for each sample controlling for age, marital status, and education. Results: Compared with men in the national sample, the unadjusted results showed that men in the gang-affiliated sample had significantly higher mean systolic blood pressure (125.6 vs 120.0  mm Hg, P = .001), diastolic blood pressure (81.4 vs 71.1 mm Hg, P < .001), and C-reactive protein (5.9 vs 3.6 mg/L, P = .04), and a significantly lower mean total cholesterol (164.2 vs 205.5 mg/dL, P < .001) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (91.1 vs 120.1 mg/dL, P < .001). Compared with men in the national sample, more men in the gang-affiliated sample had herpes simplex virus type 2 (64/174 [36.8%] vs 18/147 [12.2%], P < .001), chlamydia (10/176 [5.7%] vs 1/135 [0.7%], P = .02), and hepatitis C virus (85/173 [49.1%] vs 0, P < .001). The gang-affiliated sample had a significantly higher adjusted risk score than the national sample (1.5 vs 1.1, P = .003). Conclusions: Gang-affiliated Mexican American men had significant disparities in biological risk indicators and STIs, which can lead to long-term health implications and highlight the need for tailored prevention strategies. Long-term exposure to psychosocial stressors and subsequent systemic inflammation may also increase the risk for physiological and psychological dysregulation and detrimental chronic health conditions in this population.
Activity-Induced Increase in Achilles Tendon Blood Flow Is Age and Sex Dependent
Authors: Wezenbeek Evi , De Clercq Dirk , Mahieu Nele , Willems Tine , Witvrouw Erik 
Published: August 2018

Background: Previous research of a young adult population identified a lower increase in Achilles tendon blood flow immediately after a running activity as a significant predictor for the development of Achilles tendinopathy (AT). Furthermore, advancing age is often mentioned as a risk factor for the development of AT, and the highest incidence for AT is reported to occur in middle-aged recreational male athletes. Purpose: To investigate the effect of age, sex, and type of physical activity on the increase in Achilles tendon blood flow. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Blood flow measurements of 33 subjects aged 18 to 25 years and 30 subjects aged 40 to 55 years were obtained before and after 4 physical activities performed in randomized order: running, cycling, dynamic stretching, and rope skipping. Blood flow measurements of the Achilles tendon were performed before, immediately after, 5 minutes after, and 10 minutes after the physical activities. The effect of age, sex, and physical activities on the increase in blood flow was investigated with linear mixed models. Results: The results of this study identified that running, rope skipping, and cycling resulted in a significant increase in tendon blood flow ( P ≤ .001), whereas stretching did not. Prominent was the finding that the increase in blood flow after activity was significantly lower in the older population as compared with the younger population ( P < .001). Furthermore, male participants in the older group showed a significantly lower increase in tendon blood flow than did their female counterparts ( P = .019). Conclusion: This study identified that sex and age significantly influence the increase in blood flow after activity, possibly explaining the increased risk for AT among middle-aged recreational athletes. Clinical Relevance: This study possibly identified one of the mechanisms explaining why an older male population is at increased risk for developing AT. Given that the lower increase in blood flow is an identified risk factor according to previous research, preventative measures should focus on improving this blood flow during physical activity in the physically active older male population. Registration: NCT03218605 ( ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).
Cost-Effectiveness of Cervical Epidural Steroid Injections: A 3-Month Pilot Study
Authors: Alvin Matthew D. , Mehta Vikram , Halabi Hadi Al , Lubelski Daniel , Benzel Edward C. , Mroz Thomas E. 
Published: August 2018

Study Design: Retrospective cohort. Objectives: There are conflicting reports on the short- and long-term quality of life (QOL) outcomes and cost-effectiveness of cervical epidural steroid injections (ESIs). The present study analyzes the cost-effectiveness analysis of ESIs versus conservative management for patients with radiculopathy or neck pain in the short term. Methods: Fifty patients who underwent cervical ESI and 29 patients who received physical therapy and pain medication alone for cervical radiculopathy and neck pain of <6 months duration were included. Three-month postoperative health outcomes were assessed based on EuroQol-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D; measured in quality-adjusted life years [QALYs]). Medical costs were estimated using Medicare national payment amounts. Cost/utility ratios and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) were calculated to assess for cost-effectiveness. Results: The ESI cohort experienced significant ( P < .01) improvement in the EQ-5D score while the control cohort did not (0.13 vs 0.02 QALYs, respectively; P = .01). There were no significant differences in costs between the cohorts. The cost-utility ratio for the ESI cohort was significantly lower ($21 884/QALY gained) than that for the control cohort ($176 412/QALY gained) ( P < .01). The ICER for an ESI versus conservative management was negative, indicating that ESIs provide greater improvement in QOL at a lower cost. Conclusions: ESIs provide significant improvement in QOL within 3 months for patients with cervical radiculopathy and neck pain. ESIs are more cost-effective compared than conservative management alone in the shor -term. The durability of these results must be analyzed with longer term cost-utility analysis studies.
A Pilot Study
Authors: Nass Shafique Sani 
Published: August 2018

Background: Tetanus–diphtheria vaccine (Td+) coverage has been steadily declining in Katsina State, Nigeria. The pilot study was guided by The Andersen and Newman Framework of Health Services Utilization. The goal of the pilot study was to identify the Td+ vaccination coverage and identify any association between maternal residence, educational status, occupational status, access to routine immunization services, availability of routine immunization services, perceived need for Td+, perceived severity of maternal and neonatal tetanus (MNT), and compliance with Td+ in Katsina State. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 309 randomly selected women in Charanchi district of Katsina State, Nigeria, was conducted. Data were collected using structured questionnaire and analyzed using logistic regression model. Findings: The Td+ coverage was low at 23%. Bivariate analysis showed that age, maternal residence, educational status, availability of Td+, perception of Td+, and perception of MNT significantly affected compliance with Td+ ( P < .05, P < .05, P < .05, P < .001, P < .001, P < .001, respectively). Multiple logistic regression findings were inconclusive. Conclusion: Effective strategies to improve compliance were awareness creation on Td+ immunization schedule, risk factors associated with MNT, vaccine availability, and safety. Additionally, improving access to routine immunization services, especially in underserved communities, and effective use of Td+ coverage data were used as strategies. Implications: The pilot study suggests that the design can be used to realize more conclusive and generalizable multivariate findings in future studies.