bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Unbalanced and Inadequate Development of Power Grids
Authors: Zhang Yue , Wang Chunsheng , Zhang Yan , Zhang Jun , Han Xinyang , Jin Xiaoling , Chen Mingfeng 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The principal contradiction facing Chinese society has evolved. What we now face is the contradiction between unbalanced and inadequate development and the people’s ever-growing needs for a better life. As power grids play a significant role in energy resource distribution and utilization, the quality of power grid development is the foundation of healthy social and economic development of China. This paper analyses the unbalanced and inadequate development of power grids. Firstly, current situation and problems of power grid development are analysed. Secondly, an evaluation system of unbalanced and inadequate development of power grids is built to quantitatively assess the development of power grids. The unbalanced development index system is composed of secondary indicators of unbalanced urban and rural grid development, unbalanced regional grid development and unbalanced load development. The inadequate development index system is divided into scale indicators, quality indicators, automation indicators and management indicators. Each secondary indicator is then further detailed into tertiary indicators. Then, a case study of provincial power grid is applied to prove the effectiveness of the proposed index system. Study results highlight some problems, for example, unbalanced transmission and distribution grid development, unbalanced urban and rural grid development, unbalanced regional grid development, inadequate distribution grid development, inadequate automatization etc. Lastly, future improvements and measures are pointed out.
A Mutual Inductance Measurement Method for the Wireless Power Transfer System
Authors: Sokhui Won , Dongsheng Yang , Jiangwei Tian , Zixin Cheng , Songnam Jon 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The characteristic of the Magnetic Resonance Wireless Power Transfer (MR-WPT) system is related on the coupling coefficients between coils, so it is very important to accurately measure mutual inductance. The method of measuring mutual inductance using the primary current and the secondary voltage, when the secondary circuit is opened, is commonly used and most reliable. However, a standard sine wave generator and a linear power amplifier are needed for measuring the mutual inductance. Due to the high frequency inverter of WPT system may be has distortion, it is not recommended to be as the sine wave generator for measuring the mutual inductance. The proposed method demonstrate that, although the output current waveform of the high frequency inverter and the voltage waveform on the secondary coil are highly distorted in PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) control mode, the base component’s amplitudes of these waveforms are investigated by FFT (Fast Fourier Transform), and then, the mutual inductance is calculated by using these values. According to the above contents, the experimental platform is built, and then the experiments on the different duty cycle ratio and the different frequencies, that is, including the different quantities of its high-frequency harmonics, has been done. In addition, the same operation as above is repeated on the different distances, and the results are compared with the theoretical calculation values. Consequently, the results show that the method is very close to the theoretical value, and it is very stable in whole distance range.
Design and Implementation of Power Market Operation Analysis Tag Library
Authors: Wang Qing-bo , Zheng Zong-qiang , Lyu Jing-wei , Shi Shu-hong 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Responding to the continuous development of power reform and power market, referred to research of the power market operation, this paper designs operational analysis tag library, which is carried out in four dimensions: market supply and demand analysis, market structure analysis, market behaviour analysis and market operation analysis, to display and track the trend of power market operations more intuitively, and describes the operation status of the power market more comprehensively. Besides, Power Market Operation Analysis Tag Library is designed to deal with power trading management from a macro perspective with decision support.
Automatic control scheme development for process of sulfatizing roasting of iron-manganese concretions in fluidized bed
Authors: Darin A A , Gubin V V 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The article describes the problem of regulating the process of sulfatizing roasting in a fluidized bed (FB) furnace of an enlarged laboratory facility for processing iron-manganese concretions (IMC) together with pyrite concentrate in a continuous mode. The features of roasting in the fluidized bed and technological factors affecting the control process and, as a consequence, the quality indicators of the technology are considered. The results of large-scale laboratory studies on a continuous installation of a FB controlled in manual mode are given. There is a scheme of adaptive automatic control of the roasting process in the FB with regulation of feed charge components. It allows maintaining a stable hydrodynamic state of the fluidized bed and control of key parameters, such as granulometric composition of the cinder, dust removal from the FB, blast pressure, temperature, etc., affecting the sulfatization of IMC metals.
Analysis of publications about the methods of static friction definition for bulk material
Authors: Erokhina O O 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Static friction is one of the most important factors affecting the parameters of technological processes in the mining and metallurgical industries. To obtain reliable results of mathematical and computer simulations, there is a need to estimate a number of physical parameters of materials. With respect to the metallurgical and mining industries, the static friction parameter is of particular importance because of its applicability to relatively common process steps. Evaluation of static friction for bulk materials causes particular difficulties, which is justified by the variability of the particle size distribution, shape and density of particles. This article provides an overview of the existing methods for assessing static friction of bulk substances, their applicability, as well as the development trends of this scientific field.
Modeling viscous-plastic extrusion of oil-bearing materials pertaining to Bingham rheology
Authors: Gukasyan A V , Kosachev V S , Koshevoy Ye P 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This paper defines the boundaries of changing the screw turn pitch to ensure maximum productivity in transporting a viscous-plastic fluid. A technique is proposed to determine the capacity of screw conduits of oil presses using Bingham viscous-plastic model of extrusion. The numerical modeling has shown a possibility for a significant increase in productivity of the FP oil press by means of optimizing the geometry of the press screw by changing its pitch to the optimal value.
Analytical model for estimating the shielding effectiveness of cylindrical connectors
Authors: Ivanov A A , Komnatnov M E 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In this paper, an analytical model for evaluating the shielding effectiveness (SE) of cylindrical connectors was proposed. A connector shell may be fully or partially filled with dielectric. The results obtained up to 1 GHz using this model and the finite element method are in good agreement. According to this model, SE of the 2RMDT-connector used in the power bus was calculated and SE of 26 dB was obtained for the worst case.
Simulation model of thrust bearing with a free-melting and porous coating of guide and slide surfaces
Authors: Mukutadze M A , Mukutadze A M , Vasilenko V V 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The method for the formation of an exact self-similar solution of the hydrodynamic calculation of wedge-shaped support (sliding bearing, guide bearing) with a porous coating of a slide, which operates in the presence of a lubricant and the melt of a guide coated with a free-melting metal cover. The analytical dependence for the molten guide surface is obtained on the basis of the equation of motion of a viscous incompressible fluid for a “thin layer,” the equation of continuity and the equation for the dissipation rate of mechanical power. In addition, the main performance characteristics of the investigated friction pair are determined. The assessment of the effect of the parameter caused by the guide melt and the parameter characterizing a porous layer on the slide surface on the bearing capacity and friction power is made.
Analysis of technological processes by processing of oil sludges with application of highly technological equipment for receiving high quality products
Authors: Bashirov V D , Balgynova A M , Ardak Merekekyzy , Sagitov R F 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Any economic activity executed according to modern requirements of nature management should not lead to irreversible violations of the natural environment; it is very seldom achieved in practice. Mining, transportation, storage and usage of oil products are the most agressive sectors by the amount of technogenic factors that negatively influence the natural environment. At the modern stage of development of technologies, applied in the oil industry, and because of various accidents, more than 3 million tons of oil waste is generated only in Russia annually, the predominant amount of the waste is accumulated in sludge pits [1]. About 100 million tons of the oil waste has been accumulated in total. The waste of the oil industry is a source of environmental pollution and represents danger, because an effective technology of waste disposal is missing [2]. Analysis of technological solutions for the oil products waste processing with the production of materials applied in construction and other sectors during processing will not only reduce ecological damage from accumulation and storage of waste, but also provide quality products.
Determination of the effective thickness of an open cell foam filter using numerical simulation
Authors: Soloveva O V , Solovev S A , Yafizov R R , Khusainov R R 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Numerical simulation of the aerosol flow in a tube with a porous insert (which is a filter model) of the fixed porosity of ε = 0.6 and with different cell diameters was performed. The method of constructing the geometry of the open cell foam material is described. Images of the trajectories of inertia and low-inertia particles inside the porous medium are presented. Figures of changes in the efficiency of particle deposition are presented for a typical filter pore diameter of d
c = 4 mm, d
c = 5 mm and d
c = 6 mm for different thicknesses of the porous insert. It is revealed that the effective thickness of the porous insert, with which the value of the deposition efficiency of media with different pore diameters does not change, is 4 cm. Recommendations are given on the choice of filtering open cell foam materials with specified parameters.
Application of fuzzy logic methods to modeling of the process of controlling complex technical systems
Authors: Beckel L S , Semenenko M G , Tsarev R Y , Yamskikh T N , Knyazkov A N , Pupkov A N 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In recent decades, the concept of “fuzzy” control has emerged in engineering practice, including machinery building, when a complex technical object is controlled in conditions of incomplete and / or insufficiently formalized information. Such systems are often characterized by insufficient reliability and degree of initial data formalization. One of the approaches to such objects is to use fuzzy logic methods. The first step of such processes modeling should include determination of input and output variables and their membership functions and creation of a knowledge base in the form of a set of “IF-THEN” rules. The Mathcad computing system is considered as a tool for modeling processes with fuzzy logic methods using the battery charging control process as an example. This paper presents detailed analysis of advantages and describes software implementation for the Mamdani algorithm. However the proposed approach can be used for other algorithms.
Use of expert estimate extrapolation method for selecting sourdough starter technological parameters
Authors: Derkanosova N M , Ponomareva I N , Shelamova S A , Vasilenko O A 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The quality of rye bread and bread made of the mixture of rye and wheat flour is largely determined by biotechnological processes occurring during the ripening of the sourdough starter. The factors that allow regulation of this process are the parameters of the nutrient mixture and the starter technology. Among the latter, there is the dosage of malt in the nutrient mixture, the ratio of fermented sourdough and the nutrient mixture, its humidity. The use of the specific decision depends on the experience and professionalism of the technologist. At the same time, given the complexity and multifactorial nature of the problem to be solved, decision making is not always unequivocal and guarantees the stability of the quality characteristics of the starters. Under these conditions, the use of extrapolation methods for unclear expert estimates has been proposed. The essence of this method consists in extrapolating the decision, made based on limited sample by the decision maker (DM) as a result of pairwise comparison, to the entire set of alternatives, identifying the DM’s preferences and constructing a selection mechanism based on the information received. Testing the methods based on the results of the undertaken research allows us to conclude that the proposed methods are effective in solving the problem of choosing the optimal technological parameters for preparing liquid rye sourdough starter.
Studies on operation and types of drilling pump valves
Authors: Abdyukova R Ya 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The current issue of the machine building industry is improvement of oil and gas production equipment performance. However, despite the improved design and technological parameters, its reliability is still low. The time between failures depends on both severe operating conditions and quality characteristics of parts. With an increase in drilling depths, complexity of operating conditions and abrasiveness of the drilling mud, the life time of the hydraulic part of the pump decreases. Operation of drilling pumps largely depends on the design features of the valves. According to the results of theoretical studies, wear of the valve pair occurs on the bearing surface. The design of valves with different seating surfaces and shapes of the sealing element was studied. Based on the research on the improvement of the drilling pump valves, the conclusions were drawn and the tasks for further research were formulated.
Justification of constructive technological scheme of multifunctional unit
Authors: Andreev V L , Vasilyev S A , Demshin S L , Ilichev V V , Cheremisinov D A 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
It is developed a multifunctional soil processing unit with interchangeable working implements in the form of flat hoes to perform the subsoil tillage at 16…25 cm or cultivator hoes for carrying out pre-sowing tillage at 5…12 cm. Experimental studies of the unit have been carried out to study the effect on its traction resistance of the parameters of flat hoes, their location according to the scheme of “direct” and “reverse” wedge on the frame of unit, the optimal position of the middle plane-cutting paw relative to the side paws. The tillage unit was aggregated with the MTZ-82 tractor. The apex angle of flat hoes has been 95° and 110°, the width of their capture was 0.76 m. Processing of winter rye stubble was carried out with the use of tillage unit on heavy loamy sod-podzolic soil at its moisture content of 23.8% and hardness in the soil layer from 1.73 to 2.36 MPa. Processing of firm cultivated soil was carried out with the use of tillage unit on medium loamy sod-podzolic soil at its moisture content of 15.2% and hardness in the soil layer from 0.54 to 2.23 MPa. The traction resistance of flat hoes with a apex angle of 110°. Installation of flat hoes in the form of a “straight” wedge and the position of the middle flat hoes with the maximum displacement relative to the side flat hoes can reduce the pulling force of the tillage unit.
Electromagnetic field and eddy currents in the mantle of the ore-smelting furnace
Authors: Blanc A V 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Ore-smelting furnaces are the biggest and the most powerful furnaces in which the electric arc is used for converting electric energy into heat. Studying electromagnetic field in their structural components is one of instruments in energy saving developments. Since an ore-smelting furnace is a complex electrical device, we are forced to make assumptions, which would allow reducing the complex problem to a set of more simple analytical or numerical problems admitting not only quantitative but also qualitative solutions with acceptable accuracy. There is an approach when an electromagnetic problem is reduced to calculating an equivalent circuit that comprises both resistances and reactances. For calculating electromagnetic fields, cascade equivalent circuits are well-known in electro-mechanics. Particularly, cascade equivalent circuits of magneto-electric induction heating systems may be used as prototypes for qualitative calculating electromagnetic field and eddy currents in the mantle of the ore-smelting furnace. In the paper, qualitative calculating the resistance losses in the mantle of the ore-smelting furnace with such cascade equivalent circuit is offered.
The design of the small-sized apparatus of cooling circulating water
Authors: Bondar K E , Suleymanov D F , Laponov S V 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The article reviews the information on cooling the circulating water in tower coolers. It is shown that is the use of local re-cooling systems is the most relevant (small-sized devices) as they do not demand any expensive operation of extended pipeline networks, minimize emissions in the atmosphere. The designs of small-sized coolers and contact devices are also presented in this article. Currently, the used counterflow coolers have some drawbacks. The article proposes a cooling tower with a mixed current. A part of the air goes along the screw, and a part goes up helping to increase heat and mass transfer. Experiments were conducted and a comparative graph of the ratio of relative change in temperature of return water of the air flow rate was made to design the minicooler with a screw air flow in comparison with counterflow coolers. For the studied small-sized coolers in the range of ascending air flow rates up to 0.7 m/s, the relative temperature drop of the water is kept approximately in the same ratio. In the range of air flow velocities from 0.8 to 2.4 m/s, the increase in the value of the relative temperature drop of the water is more intense in the minicooler with a screw airflow. For example, at an air velocity of 1.4 m/s, the temperature difference for a minicooler with a screw air flow is 0.27. At the same time, in the specified value of the air flow velocity, the relative temperature of the water in the countercurrent minicooler is 0.24.
Features plasma gasification of organic waste
Authors: Anshakov A S , Aliferov A.I. , Domarov P V 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The paper describes the main results of mathematical and experimental studies in the process of gasification of organic waste in a plasma electric furnace. In the course of research, work was carried out to study the reduction of energy consumption during waste gasification. Studies were also carried out on the effect of reducing energy consumption during waste gasification, excluding the inorganic component of waste. The article presents the results of computational and experimental studies of the gasification of organic waste and the effect of the inorganic part on the energy balance of an electric plasma furnace.
Preliminary study of tubular peat extrusion
Authors: Mikhailov A V , Fedorov A S , Garmaev O Z 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This work describes the preparation and characterization of tubular peat granules for potential use in the field drying process, consisting of a mixed peat structure. Hollow peat tubes having internal diameter 30 mm and overall diameter 60 mm were produced by extrusion and used as a unit for the field drying process. The primary goal of this report is the development of the combination of fiber peat (top layer of deposit) with plastic peat (bottom layer of deposit) without additives and binders for producing a more stable and cohesive granule. The content of the mix was 1:5 by volume. When the moisture content was increased to 80% by mass (weight), moist pellets were formed. A simple test was performed on the peat samples to confirm the mixing efficiency. The advantage of such tubular geometry is that it provides 1.6 times higher surface area/volume for field drying process intensification. Promising results were achieved, in particular, when tubes with a bigger diameter were used. The method is inexpensive and simple to scale; however, further research is needed in view of a final optimization.
About possibility of immediate evaluation of technical condition of mining equipment using signal value of acoustic emission friction
Authors: Knyazkina V I , Safronchuk K A , Ivanov S L 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
An experiment was conducted to confirm the reliability of the evaluation of the technical condition of transmission elements during operation in terms of the magnitude and nature of the acoustic emission signal, while completing the negative effect of the artificial environment on the durability of the transmission elements. Thus, the results of the experiment are presented where the acoustic emission signal in the friction pair was changed depending on the pressure value in the contacting pair and the angular velocity value. The possibility of obtaining an estimate of the technical state of the transmission elements during its operation in terms of acoustic and emission characteristics has been experimentally confirmed.
Design changes of injection and supply wellhead fittings operating in winter conditions
Authors: Kuleshova L S , Kadyrov R R , Mukhametshin V V , Safiullina A R 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The article deals with design changes in the existing injection well fittings. Disadvantages of the existing fittings are stagnant zones, considerable height and dimensions which cause problems of thermal insulation leading to rapid freezing of wellhead equipment in winter. At low temperatures, supply lines freeze and fail. The design of small-sized fittings of injection wells was developed. Elastic rubber cords, which absorb pressure caused by ice expansion due to water freezing and prevent rupture of the supply lines, are recommended to use.
On the issue of mathematical modeling of rotary kiln operation in order to reduce fuel consumption
Authors: Osintsev K V , Prikhodko I S 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In accordance with the operation principle of the rotary kiln of limestone and its shortcomings, the authors developed the foundations of a mathematical model. The ultimate goal of building algorithms for the proposed method is to reduce fuel consumption when using a rotary kiln. The paper proposes to use a mathematical model based on the method of energy balances. The scientific novelty is that for a rotary kiln for the first time it is proposed to use the method of energy balances by heating zones, depending on the type of fuel burned. The procedure of inputting initial data for mathematical modeling of heat transfer processes allows us to identify the largest heat fluxes in various zones of the furnace. After that, an optimization procedure is carried out using, among other things, objective functions, as well as nonlinear programming. In the end, such calculation algorithms allow us to make recommendations to reduce heat losses in a rotary kiln and a refrigerator, as well as to reduce specific fuel consumption.