bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Manually Adjustable Photovoltaic Array on the Performance of Water Pumping Systems
Authors: Singh Vinamrita 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis work presents a theoretical procedure to calculate various parameters needed for the installation of a photovoltaic water pump (PVWP) system. Specifically, the monthly optimum tilt angle of PV arrays is calculated, which will allow larger quantities of water to be pumped each month. For this, a simple performance optimization procedure is developed using solar radiation data. The investigations are based on the solar radiation data of New Delhi, India. The total amount of water pumped is compared with that by keeping the solar panels fixed throughout the year. The total amount of water that can be extracted by using manually adjustable arrays is found to be greater by 3–5%. This may be an alternative to an automatic sun tracker, which is not only expensive but also requires more space and maintenance. This method allows for analyzing the performance of low‐cost water pumping systems that may be used for both domestic and irrigation purposes.
Ergebnisse eines Ringversuchs zur DGGT‐Empfehlung Nr. 23: Cerchar‐Versuch
Authors: Lange Tristan , Plinninger Ralf J. , Henk Andreas 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSpätestens seit Referenzierung in den Allgemeinen Technischen Vertragsbedingungen der VOB/C ist der Cerchar‐Abrasivitätsversuch in Deutschland als Standardverfahren zur Beschreibung der Abrasivität von Festgesteinen anzusehen. Der Versuch wird üblicherweise auf Basis der in 2016 veröffentlichten Empfehlung Nr. 23 des Arbeitskreises 3.3 „Versuchstechnik Fels“ der DGGT ausgeführt. Um die praktische Anwendbarkeit und den Wert dieser Empfehlung für eine einheitliche Versuchsdurchführung zu überprüfen, wurde im Rahmen einer Masterarbeit an der TU Darmstadt ein Cerchar‐Ringversuch mit 17 felsmechanischen Laboren aus Deutschland und Österreich organisiert und als Präzisionsversuch nach DIN ISO 5725 ausgewertet. Es zeigt sich, dass der Cerchar‐Versuch nach DGGT‐Empfehlung Nr. 23 als grundsätzlich geeignetes Mittel zur Einschätzung der Abrasivität von Festgestein betrachtet werden kann. Bei der Interpretation der Ergebnisse sollte jedoch stets die Streuung der Messwerte berücksichtigt werden, die in erheblichem Maße von der Zusammensetzung und dem Gefüge des geprüften Gesteins abhängig ist. Diese Streuung lässt sich mithilfe der Ergebnisse des Cerchar‐Ringversuchs erstmals quantitativ abschätzen. Darüber hinaus können Empfehlungen zur weiteren Optimierung des Versuchsablaufs abgeleitet werden.
Evaluation of the efficacy of lipotransfer to manage radiation‐induced fibrosis and volume defects in head and neck oncology
Authors: Griffin Michelle F. , Drago Jelovac , Almadori Aurora , Kalavrezos Nicholas , Butler Peter E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundMultimodality treatment for head and neck cancer leads to substantial functional and esthetic impairment mainly manifested as radiation‐induced skin fibrosis (RIF) in combination with volumetric defects and reduction in neck mobility. This study assessed the impact of lipotransfer as part of secondary surgical procedure(s) in patients treated for head and neck malignancies.MethodsRetrospective analysis was performed between 2005 and 2016. All patients with a history of head and neck malignancy, multimodal treatment including at least surgery or radiotherapy, and at least 2‐year disease‐free survival were included. Thirty‐eight patients (22 men, 16 women) matched the inclusion criteria.ResultsThirty seven (97%) reported esthetic and functional improvements in their RIF and volumetric defect at follow‐up of 32 months. Major improvement in esthetic and functional outcome was reported by 24 (63%) patients and surgeons and minor by 13 patients and surgeons (34%) without causing any complications. Lipotransfer was also found to significantly improve patient's psychological health postoperatively as showed by significant improvements in Derriford Appearance Scale (DAS24), Short Form Health Survey (SF‐36), and University of Washington Quality of Life Questionnaire (UW‐QOL V4) scores (P < .001).ConclusionsLipotransfer is effective for volume restoration and treating scar and RIF from head and neck defects.
HIV/AIDS‐related stigma, immediate families, and proactive coping processes among a clinical sample of people living with HIV/AIDS in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Authors: Meanley Steven , Yehia Baligh R. , Hines Janet , Thomas Rosemary , Calder Daniel , Carter Bryce , Dubé Benoit , Bauermeister José A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPeople living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) engage in proactive coping behaviors to minimize the risk of interpersonal stigma. This study explores proactive coping processes in navigating HIV/AIDS‐related stigma within immediate families. Data for this study come from 19 one‐on‐one, qualitative interviews with a diverse, clinical sample of PLWHA in Philadelphia, PA. Thematic analysis indicated that participants continue to experience enacted, anticipated, and internalized forms of HIV/AIDS‐related stigma. Participants discussed status concealment and selective disclosure as proactive coping resulting from anticipated stigma and physical distancing as proactive coping motivated by internalized HIV/AIDS‐related stigma. Study findings demonstrate how living with a stigmatized condition can affect PLWHA social interactions with close networks like immediate families, specifically in eliciting stigma‐avoidant behaviors. Anti‐stigma efforts that educate immediate families to overcome stigmatizing attitudes and provide HIV‐positive family members with high‐quality social support should be coupled with efforts that target health‐promotive self‐management strategies for PLWHA.
miR‐222 inhibits cardiac fibrosis in diabetic mice heart via regulating Wnt/β‐catenin‐mediated endothelium to mesenchymal transition
Authors: Wang Zheng , Wang Zhongmin , Gao Lu , Xiao Lili , Yao Rui , Du Binbin , Li Yapeng , Wu Leiming , Liang Cui , Huang Zhen , Li Pengcheng , Zhang Yanzhou 
Published: August 2019

AbstractmiR‐222 participates in many cardiovascular diseases, but its effect on cardiac remodeling induced by diabetes is unclear. This study evaluated the functional role of miR‐222 in cardiac fibrosis in diabetic mice. Streptozotocin (STZ) was used to establish a type 1 diabetic mouse model. After 10 weeks of STZ injection, mice were intravenously injected with Ad‐miR‐222 to induce the overexpression of miR‐222. miR‐222 overexpression reduced cardiac fibrosis and improved cardiac function in diabetic mice. Mechanistically, miR‐222 inhibited the endothelium to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in diabetic mouse hearts. Mouse heart fibroblasts and endothelial cells were isolated and cultured with high glucose (HG). An miR‐222 mimic did not affect HG‐induced fibroblast activation and function but did suppress the HG‐induced EndMT process. The antagonism of miR‐222 by antagomir inhibited HG‐induced EndMT. miR‐222 regulated the promoter region of β‐catenin, thus negatively regulating the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway, which was confirmed by β‐catenin siRNA. Taken together, our results indicated that miR‐222 inhibited cardiac fibrosis in diabetic mice via negatively regulating Wnt/β‐catenin‐mediated EndMT.
A trade‐off model for immunocompetence: The potential contribution of immunological regulation in invasive vertebrate success
Authors: Poirier Marie‐Véronique 
Published: August 2019

AbstractInvasive species have become a prolific environmental issue, second only to climate change, yet many of the phenomena that facilitate invasive success are not well understood (Phillip & Shine, Proc. Roy. Soc. B, 273, 1545‐1550). The combination of several generalist life‐history traits, certain physiological mechanisms, and environmental conditions is thought to play a significant role in invasion success. The ability to undergo fitness trade‐offs—to reallocate nutritional and energetic resources towards processes that increase reproduction, growth, and dispersal—is also thought to be an adaptive quality of many invasive species. Due to their inherent flexibility, phenotypically plastic traits in particular are often targeted for fitness reallocations. Immune function, for example, is determined by a highly plastic phenotype, which is crucial for combating a diverse array of pathogens. When active, immune function also demands extensive resources from the host. Laboratory and field studies suggest that certain aspects of the immune system are more costly than others, though, and that its components can be regulated independent of one another. In invasive species undergoing fitness trade‐offs, costly innate inflammatory responses are often downregulated, while antibody‐mediated responses may be enhanced. A combination of fixed physiological responses and environmentally induced trade‐offs are thought to regulate the immune system, though the relationship between these facets of regulation is still an area of active research. The field of ecoimmunology, then, has emerged in effort to understand the phenomena by which individual immune regulation can drive (and be driven by) species‐level ecology and evolution, and therefore be linked to invasive success (Downs et al., 2014. Integr. Compar. Biol., 54, 340–352).
Molecular characterization of the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 isolates collected in the 2015‐2016 season and comparison of HA mutations detected in Turkey since 2009
Authors: Guldemir Dilek , Coskun‐Ari Fatma Filiz , Altas Ayse Basak , Bakkaloglu Zekiye , Unaldi Ozlem , Bayraktar Fatma , Korukluoglu Gulay , Aktas Ali Riza , Durmaz Riza 
Published: August 2019

AbstractInfluenza A(H1N1)pdm09 pandemic virus causing the 2009 global outbreak moved into the post‐pandemic period, but its variants continued to be the prevailing subtype in the 2015‐2016 influenza season in Europe and Asia. To determine the molecular characteristics of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 isolates circulating during the 2015‐2016 season in Turkey, we identified mutations in the hemagglutinin (HA) genes and investigated the presence of H275Y alteration in the neuraminidase genes in the randomly selected isolates. The comparison of the HA nucleotide sequences revealed a very high homology (>99.5%) among the studied influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 isolates, while a relatively low homology (96.6%‐97.2%), was observed between Turkish isolates and the A/California/07/2009 vaccine virus. Overall 14 common mutations were detected in HA sequences of all 2015‐2016 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 isolates with respect to the A/California/07/2009 virus, four of which located in three different antigenic sites. Eleven rare mutations in 12 HA sequences were also detected. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all characterized influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 isolates formed a single genetic cluster, belonging to the genetic subclade 6B.1, defined by HA amino acid substitutions S84N, S162N, and I216T. Furthermore, all isolates showed an oseltamivir‐sensitive genotype, suggesting that Tamiflu (Oseltamivir) could still be the drug of choice in Turkey.
Extreme precipitation events under climate change in the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Cardoso Pereira Susana , Marta‐Almeida Martinho , Carvalho Ana C. , Rocha Alfredo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPrecipitation is one of the most important atmospheric variables to assess, particularly in the context of climate change. This study evaluates future changes in precipitation over the Iberian Peninsula (IP) under the RCP8.5 scenario. Changes are assessed for two future climate periods namely (2046–2065) and (2081–2100), relative to a recent reference climate (1986–2005). Here we introduce the concept of precipitation episodes (PEs) and estimate their statistical properties for the present climate and, their changes for future climate scenarios. PEs are defined by considering a full range of durations as well as intensities. This constitutes a novel approach to estimate changes with relevance, for example, for water resources applications. The climate simulations are performed with the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model. These are compared with an ensemble of other similar simulations from the Coordinated Downscaling Experiment initiative. This was done to evaluate the performance of the WRF model and also to estimate uncertainty of the derived future projections. Since models may present systematic errors, results from all simulations were previously bias corrected relative to observations using the same quantile mapping method. Under climate change, a great part of the region is expected to experience reduced annual precipitation of approximately 20–40% and reaching 80% in summer by the end of the XXI century. For the PEs, a large reduction in the average number of days and duration of all types of PEs is expected across all seasons and regions. The average intensity of episodes is projected to increase in winter and spring and decrease in summer. These results imply that climate change will likely influence precipitation and precipitation extremes in the 21st century, mostly in southern areas. These, together with projected warming may amplify desertification already taking place in the southern regions of the IP and cause stresses to water resources.
Joining of blanks by cold pressure welding: Incremental rolling and strategies for surface activation and heat treatment
Authors: Schmidt H.C. , Homberg W. , Orive A.G. , Grundmeier G. , Duderija B. , Hordych I. , Herbst S. , Nürnberger F. , Maier H.J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe cold pressure welding of metals is a joining by forming technique capable of joining both similar and dissimilar metals in their solid state. In this article collective research on the cold pressure welding of metals with the aim of increasing both the overall weld strength and the weld‐ability is presented. The application of innovative strategies based on electrochemical methods for an optimized conditioning of metal surfaces is investigated. The results account for a noticeable increase in the weld strength of steel‐aluminum joints after a surface activation consisting of either an electrochemical roughening or electrodeposition of a bifunctional organosilane thin film. In addition to the surface activation process regimes for the pre‐ and post‐welding heat treatment is investigated. Both weld strength and weld ability are improved due to heat treatments of steel sheets with various coatings and uncoated aluminium. The cold pressure welding is hereby done by incremental rolling, a new design process that allows for the manufacture of linear and curved joints between sheet metal blanks.
Numerical simulation of periodic cracking mechanism in microscopic surface films during roll bonding processes
Authors: Khaledi K. , Brepols T. , Reese S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe microscopic surface films existing on the top of metallic layers play an important role in the process of joining by plastic deformation. The bond formation during cold welding processes is basically associated with the fracturing of surface films to produce intimate metallic contacts. The present paper aims at providing a numerical model to describe the cracking pattern of brittle surface films bonded to the ductile substrates. A microscale finite element model is developed which takes into account the fracturing mechanisms of thin surface films in roll bonding processes. The presented model is calibrated by using the existing experimental data for an aluminum alloy covered by a thin layer of oxide film. The model is also validated against a well‐known analytical model for periodic cracking. The distribution of stresses within the fractured surface film demonstrates that the generated cracks in the surface film have essentially a periodic pattern. Moreover, it is shown that the crack spacing is highly dependent on the properties of the surface film. Finally, the obtained results for the roll bonding show that a crack density saturation takes place at the entry of the roll bite where a small surface expansion is applied to the rolled samples.
Simulation‐aided development of a robust thermoclinching joining process for hybrid structures with textile reinforced thermoplastic composites and metallic components
Authors: Gude M. , Vogel C. , Gröger B. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn order to take advantage of the specific structural and functional properties inside a multi‐material assembly, it is necessary to provide adapted joining technologies. Therefore, the new joining technology “thermoclinching” was developed to join endless fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites and metallic joining partners. Previous experimental and numerical studies demonstrated the potential of the novel joining technology. In experimental and numerical studies essential geometrical and material parameters influencing the forming behavior are identified and evaluated. Thereby, the inline‐thermoclinching technology is developed by integrating the pre‐processed steps of cutting and heating into the actual joining process. For structural analysis of the joining zone as well as for quality analysis and validation of the process simulations computer tomography (CT) is used. Furthermore, experimental characterizations of the failure behavior of thermoclinched joints and the development of simulation models as well as strategies for numerical strength analyses are carried out.
The Phenotypic Variation of a Parkin‐Related Parkinson's Disease Family and the Role of Heterozygosity
Authors: Stark Robert S. , Walch Julia , Kägi Georg 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundParkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder with both sporadic occurrence and Mendelian heredity, as it is true for autosomal recessive parkin‐related PD (PARK‐parkin). Parkin‐related PD is characterized by early onset, slow progression, frequent lower limb dystonia, and a robust response to levodopa. Clinicians are increasingly confronted with heterozygous PD patients mimicking dominant inheritance. Nevertheless, the exact clinical implications of heterozygosity are not fully understood.CasesWe present an illustrative PARK‐parkin family with 2 affected sisters (compound heterozygous) and their father (heterozygous). One sister expresses the classical phenotype, whereas the other has isolated jerky tremor. The father has left‐sided action tremor of the hand with some dystonic posturing without clear bradykinesia and normal DaTSCAN.ConclusionThis case series illustrates the phenotypic variability in parkin‐related PD with 1 classical phenotype and 1 patient with isolated jerky tremor. Unilateral hand tremor of the heterozygous father could mislead genetic testing by mimicking dominant inheritance.
Interleukin 10 gene polymorphisms and frailty syndrome in elderly Mexican people: (Sadem study)
Authors: Juárez‐Cedillo Teresa , Vargas‐Alarcón Gilberto , Martínez‐Rodríguez Nancy , Juárez‐Cedillo Enrique , Fragoso José Manuel , Escobedo‐de‐la‐Peña Jorge 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFrailty is a geriatric syndrome, characterized by a loss in functional reserve with an increase in morbidity and mortality. There are no reports that link the genetic polymorphisms between interleukin 10 (IL10) and frailty; for this reason, our objective was used to analyze the role of the polymorphisms of IL10 (rs1800896, rs1800871) in the susceptibility to frailty in a Mexican population. Our study included 984 participants divided into 368 nonfrail, 309 prefrail, and 307 frail. The models for the polymorphisms rs1800896 and rs1800871 were recessive models in association with frailty (OR = 2.3, CI 95% = 1.6–3.2; OR = 1.53, CI 95% = 1.0–2.6), respectively. Two risk haplotypes were identified: ACG and CCG (p < .0001), and three protective haplotypes were identified: ACA, ATG, and ATA (p < .05). This study evaluated the relationship between IL10 and the three subtypes of this geriatric syndrome (frail, prefrail, and nonfrail). These results support a greater susceptibility to frailty for the minor alleles of rs1800871 and rs1800896. In addition, we found two risk haplotypes supporting the participation of the IL10 in the susceptibility for frailty in the Mexican population.
Equine chorionic gonadotropin drives the transcriptional profile of immature cumulus‐oocyte complexes and in vitro‐produced blastocysts of superstimulated Nelore cows
Authors: Franchi Fernanda Fagali , Satrapa Rafael Augusto , Fontes Patrícia Kubo , Santos Priscila Helena , Razza Eduardo Montanari , Emanuelli Isabele Picada , Ereno Ronaldo Luiz , Mareco Edson Assunção , Nogueira Marcelo Fábio Gouveia , Barros Ciro Moraes , de Souza Castilho Anthony César 
Published: August 2019

AbstractStudies have shown that the use of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG), which binds both follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) receptors, could modify the female reproductive tract. We, thus, aimed to quantify the messenger RNA (mRNA) abundance of genes related to cumulus‐oocyte complexes (COCs) and embryo quality in Nelore cows (Bos taurus indicus) submitted to ovarian superstimulation using only FSH (FSH group;n = 10) or replacement of the last two doses of FSH by eCG (FSH/eCG group;n = 10). All animals were slaughtered and the ovarian antral follicles from both groups (10–14 mm in diameter) were aspirated for cumulus, oocyte and in vitro embryo production gene expression analysis. The relative mRNA abundance of 96 genes related to COCs development and embryo quality was measured by RT‐qPCR. We found that oocytes are more affected by eCG use and that 35 genes involved in lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, transcriptional control, and cellular development were upregulated in the FSH/eCG group. In blastocysts, lipid metabolism seems to be the main pathway regulated by eCG use. We suggest that these multiple effects could be due to the ability of eCG to bind LHR and FSHR, which could activate multiple signal transduction pathways in the superstimulated ovary, further impacting the transcriptional profile of COCs and blastocysts.
Parallel transmission to reduce absorbed power around deep brain stimulation devices in MRI: Impact of number and arrangement of transmit channels
Authors: Guerin Bastien , Angelone Leonardo M. , Dougherty Darin , Wald Lawrence L. 
Published: August 2019

PurposeTo assess the mean and variance performance of parallel transmission (pTx) coils for reduction of the absorbed power around electrodes (APAE) in patients implanted with deep brain stimulation (DBS) devices.MethodsWe simulated 4 pTx coils (8 and 16 channels, head and body coils) and a birdcage body coil. We characterized the RF safety risk using the APAE, which is the integral of the deposited power (in Watts) in a small cylindrical volume of brain tissue surrounding the electrode tips. We assessed the APAE mean and variance by simulation of 5 realistic DBS patient models that include the full DBS implant length, extracranial loops, and implanted pulse generator.ResultsPTx coils with 8 (16) channels were able to reduce the APAE by >18× (>169×) compared to the birdcage coil in average for all patient models, at no cost in term of flip angle uniformity or global specific absorption rate (SAR). Moreover, local pTx coils performed significantly better than body arrays.ConclusionPTx is a possible solution to the problem of RF heating of DBS patients when performing MRI, but the large interpatient variability of the APAE indicates that patient‐specific safety monitoring may be needed.