bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Electroconvulsive Therapy for Dementia With Lewy Bodies, Including the Prodromal Stage: A Retrospective Study on Safety and Efficacy
Authors: Morikawa Fumiyoshi , Kobayashi Ryota , Murayama Tomonori , Fukuya Shota , Tabata Kazuki , Fujishiro Hiroshige , Nakayama Michihiro , Naoe Juichiro 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesManaging symptoms, notably psychiatric symptoms, in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is complex, affecting both patients and caregivers. People with DLB often react poorly to antipsychotics, limiting treatment options. Although electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)'s potential for DLB is acknowledged, evidence is scarce owing to limited studies. This study investigated ECT's effectiveness and safety for DLB and prodromal DLB with antecedent psychiatric symptoms.MethodsThis retrospective study investigated people with DLB (N = 12) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) with LB (N = 13), a prodromal form of DLB, who underwent ECT for psychiatric symptoms and had abnormal findings confirmed using dopamine transporter single‐photon emission computed tomography and 123I‐metaiodobenzylguanidine myocardial scintigraphy. We reviewed these patients' medical records and determined the severity of psychotic symptoms before and 1 week after the final ECT session with the Clinical Global Impressions Severity Scale (CGI‐S). Improvement in psychotic symptoms was evaluated approximately 1 week after the final ECT session using the CGI Improvement Scale (CGI‐I). Additionally, we assessed cognitive function and dementia severity before and after ECT, as well as any adverse events caused by ECT.ResultsECT significantly improved psychiatric symptoms, as assessed using the CGI‐S, with CGI‐I reports in the order of 60% “very much improved,” 20% “much improved,” 16% “minimally improved,” and 4% “no change.” Parkinsonism improved (Hoehn and Yahr: 1.76 ± 1.2 before vs. 1.04 ± 0.7 after, p < 0.001) as did dementia severity (Clinical Dementia Rating, p = 0.037). Adverse events included delirium in 24% of patients and amnesia in 4% of patients. ECT did not worsen cognitive function.ConclusionsECT for DLB and MCI with LB with antecedent psychiatric symptoms appears safe and effective in managing psychiatric symptoms and Parkinsonism. Further large‐scale multicenter studies are warranted to conclusively establish its effectiveness and safety.
Reliability and Validity of Four Step Tests in Older Adults With Dementia
Authors: Chan Wayne Lap Sun , Tsang Sharon Man Ha , Ho Lily Yuen Wah 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo determine the test–retest and inter‐rater reliability, concurrent and discriminative validity of the Four Square Step Test (FSST), the Choice Stepping Reaction Time Test (CSRTT), the Maximum Step Length Test (MSLT), and the Alternate Step Test (AST) in older adults with dementia.MethodsThirty‐seven older adults with dementia who could walk independently for at least 10 m were recruited at community centers and day care centers for older adults. The participants completed the step tests conducted by two independent raters on three separate testing occasions within 3 weeks. In addition, the physical and cognitive function of the participants were evaluated at baseline.ResultsThe FSST, CSRTT, and MSLT showed good‐to‐excellent test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.83–0.91), and the AST exhibited fair test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.70). All the step tests showed good‐to‐excellent inter‐rater reliability (ICC = 0.75–0.94). The step tests had moderate‐to‐strong correlations with various physical and cognitive measures (Pearson correlation coefficients = 0.34–0.72). The MSLT side step and AST could differentiate between individuals who did and did not use a walking stick to ambulate (p ≤ 0.046). The FSST, CSRTT, and AST could differentiate between individuals with and without a major neurocognitive impairment (p ≤ 0.005).ConclusionThe FSST, CSRTT, and MSLT were reliable and valid for examining the stepping performance of older adults with dementia. Clinicians can use these tests to evaluate the physical and cognitive function of this population and identify those with significant cognitive impairment.Trial RegistrationClinical Trial Registration number: NCT04296123
Complications in Deep Circumflex Iliac Artery‐Related Vascularized Free Iliac Flap
Authors: Zhang Bin , Qiu Yu‐Zhong , Cao Lei‐Ming , Li Zi‐Zhan , Wang Guang‐Rui , Xiao Yao , Luo Han‐Yue , Liu Bing , Ni Yi‐Feng , Zhao Zhi‐Li , Bu Lin‐Lin 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundSince its first application in 1978, the vascularized free iliac flap (VFIF) has gradually become a mainstay for tissue defect reconstruction. However, the complications associated with harvesting the bone flap and its corresponding reconstruction surgery cannot be overlooked.MethodsWe conducted a narrative review through literature search to identify the types, incidence, influencing factors, measurement methods, and treatment approaches of complications related to DCIA‐related VFIF.ResultsWe propose the “LIP” rule (Loss, Injury, Postoperative) for classifying donor site complications. For the four most common recipient sites, mandible, maxilla, extremities, and hip joint, we list the common and rare complications that may occur. Additionally, we provide a summary of the methods and advances in preventing these complications.ConclusionsWe comprehensively describe the complications observed in the application of DCIA‐related VFIF and introduce the “LIP” principle and other strategies to minimize or avoid adverse outcomes.
Modified Total Laryngectomy With Strap‐Flap Technique in a Patient With Bovine Aortic Arch Anomaly: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Nadjmi Julie , Peetermans Olivier , Nicolay Simon , Lauwers Patrick , Van Haesendonck Gilles 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundTotal laryngectomy is an essential surgical intervention in the management of advanced laryngeal carcinoma. However, anatomical variations such as the bovine arch can complicate this procedure. The atypical branching pattern of the bovine arch may position major vessels closer to the tracheostomy site, increasing the risk of tracheo‐arterial fistulization.MethodsWe present the case of a 71‐year‐old woman with bovine arch anatomy who underwent total laryngectomy. Preoperative assessment revealed an aberrant right common carotid artery (RCCA) located close to the tracheostomy site. Intraoperatively, the “strap‐flap technique” was employed, positioning the strap muscles between the RCCA and the trachea to minimize friction and reduce the risk of tracheo‐arterial fistula formation.ResultsThe laryngectomy was performed successfully without any bleeding complications.ConclusionPreoperative assessment of aortic arch anatomy is essential for guiding surgical planning. Surgical modifications, such as the use of strap muscles or pectoralis muscle flaps, are crucial in preventing postoperative complications.
Decreases in K63 Polyubiquitination in the Hippocampus Promote the Formation of Contextual Fear Memories in Both Males and Females
Authors: Preveza Natalie J. , Setenet Gueladouan , Gwin Phillip , Bae Yeeun , Patrick Morgan B. , Cummings Adam , Abraham Jennifer R. , Ray W. Keith , Helm Richard F. , Jarome Timothy J. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTOver 90% of protein degradation in eukaryotic cells occurs through the ubiquitin‐proteasome system (UPS). In this system, the ubiquitin protein can bind to a substrate on its own or it can form a chain with multiple ubiquitin molecules in a process called polyubiquitination. There are 8 different sites on ubiquitin at which polyubiquitin chains can be formed, the second most abundant of which, lysine‐63 (K63), is independent of the degradation process, though this mark has rarely been studied in the brain or during learning‐dependent synaptic plasticity. Recently, we found that knockdown of K63 polyubiquitination in the amygdala selectively impaired contextual fear memory formation in female, but not male, rats. It is unknown, however, whether the sex‐specific requirement of K63 polyubiquitination occurs in other brain regions that are required for contextual fear memory formation, including the hippocampus. Here, we found that CRISPR‐dCas13‐mediated knockdown of K63 polyubiquitination in the hippocampus significantly enhanced contextual fear memory in both male and female rats, a result that is in striking contrast to what we observed in the amygdala for both sex‐specificity and directionality. Using unbiased proteomics, we found that following fear conditioning K63 polyubiquitination was primarily decreased at target proteins in the hippocampus of both males and females. Importantly, the target proteins and downstream functional pathways influenced by K63 polyubiquitination changes diverged significantly by sex. Together, these data suggest that unlike what we previously reported in the amygdala, decreases in K63 polyubiquitination in the hippocampus are a critical regulator of memory formation in the hippocampus of both males and females.
Molecular Features of Diffuse Large B‐Cell Lymphoma Associated With Primary Treatment Resistance
Authors: Bock Allison M. , Wenzl Kerstin , Novak Joseph P. , Stokes Matthew E. , Hopper Melissa A. , Krull Jordan E. , Dropik Abigail R. , Sarangi Vivek , Ortiz Maria , Stong Nicholas , Huang C. Chris , Maurer Matthew J. , King Rebecca L. , Farooq Umar , Wang Yucai , Witzig Thomas E. , Ansell Stephen M. , Habermann Thomas M. , Cerhan James R. , Gandhi Anita K. , Nowakowski Grzegorz , Novak Anne J. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTDiffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients that fail to achieve a complete metabolic response with frontline immunochemotherapy have a poor prognosis. Genomic profiling has led to a broader understanding of the molecular drivers in DLBCL, but it is unknown how well current classifiers identify patients that will experience primary treatment resistance (PTR). Using whole exome and RNA sequencing data from newly diagnosed DLBCL patients, we evaluated the genomic landscape of PTR and compared it to that of non‐PTR DLBCL. We found a significant increase in the frequency of TP53 (34% vs. 15%, p = 0.005) and ARID1A mutations (21% vs. 7%, p = 0.007) in PTR cases, with pathway analysis further demonstrating a downregulation of TP53 and an increase in chromatin modifying pathways. These results suggest that TP53 and ARID1A may be key mediators of PTR and important pathways contributing to the poor outcomes. We found that the current molecular classifiers were unable to identify PTR cases at diagnosis. However, our newly identified high‐risk signature identified 46% of PTR cases at diagnosis. Overall, these results contribute to our understanding of the genomic landscape of patients with primary treatment resistance.
Challenges Associated With Re‐Emergence of Lassa Fever in Nigeria: An Exploratory Study of Epidemiology, Phylogenomics, and Recommendations Toward Its Eradication
Authors: Adesola Ridwan Olamilekan , Idris Ibrahim , Bakre Adetolase Azizat , Arthur Joseph Fosu , D'Souza Joanna Nicole 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundLassa fever (LF) is a viral hemorrhagic illness endemic in Nigeria and other West African countries. In recent years, the number of reported cases of LF in Nigeria has increased. In this study, we discussed the epidemiology of LF, the phylogenomics of the LF virus, issues associated with the increased cases of LF, and recommendations for tackling the future occurrence of LF in Nigeria.MethodsEpidemiology data on LF were obtained from the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control database and analyzed using Microsoft Excel software. About 59 partial and complete sequences consisting of both small and large segments of the LF virus were retrieved from the National Center for Biotechnology Information from 1969 to 2013 to study the evolutionary relationship of the LF virus in Nigeria.ResultsNigeria has been shown to have the highest prevalence of Lassa fever among African countries, with seasonal occurrence in both wet and dry seasons. Furthermore, the phylogenetic analysis of the LF virus showed a great relationship with several outbreaks of LF in Nigeria and other African countries.ConclusionTo combat the increasing cases of LF in Nigeria, there is a need to increase the molecular diagnosis capacity in Nigeria, improve public health awareness about the disease in rural and urban settlements, integrate a surveillance system through the One Health lens, and support LF vaccine research in Africa.
A Stretchable, Attachable, and Transparent Polyionic Ecological Skin for Robust Self‐Powered Interactive Sensing
Authors: Bai Zhiqing , Xu Yunlong , Fan Yuan , Zhang Qichong 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBioinspired energy‐autonomous interactive electronics are prevalent. However, self‐powered artificial skins are often challenging to be combined with excellent mechanical properties, optical transparency, autonomous attachability, and biocompatibility. Herein, a robust ecological polyionic skin (polyionic eco‐skin) based on triboelectric mechanism consisting of ethyl cellulose/waterborne polyurethane/Cu nanoparticles (EWC) green electroactive sensitive material and polyethylene oxide/waterborne polyurethane/phytic acid (PWP) polyionic current collector is proposed. The polyionic eco‐skin features sufficient stretchability (90%) and low Young's modulus (0.8 MPa) close to that of human soft tissue, high transparency (> 84% of transmission) in the visible light range, and broad static/dynamic adhesiveness, which endows it with strong adaptive implementation capacity in flexible curved electronics. More importantly, the self‐powered polyionic eco‐skin exhibits enhanced force‐electric conversion performance by coordinating the effect of nanoparticle‐polymer interfacial polarization and porous structure of sensitive material. Integrating multiple characteristics enables the polyionic eco‐skin to effectively convert biomechanical energy into electrical energy, supporting self‐powered functionality for itself and related circuits. Moreover, the eco‐skin can be utilized to construct an interactive system and realize the remote noncontact manipulation of targets. The polyionic eco‐skin holds tremendous application potential in self‐powered security systems, human–machine interaction interfaces, and bionic robots, which is expected to inject new vitality into a human–cyber–physical intelligence integration.
Approach to diagnosing and managing anaemia in cats
Authors: Barker Emi 
Published: November 2024

Background: The primary role of red blood cells (RBCs) is the safe transport of oxygen‐carrying haemoglobin from the lungs to the capillary beds. Anaemia is a common clinical and clinicopathological finding in cats, occurring when functional haemoglobin concentrations in blood are reduced. Although commonly attributed to a reduction in RBC numbers or mass, a reduced mean cell haemoglobin concentration and, rarely, haemoglobinopathies can also contribute. Clinical signs of anaemia range from subclinical to severe and life threatening, and primarily relate to reduced oxygen carrying capacity. Other signs relating to acute volume loss (eg, following haemorrhage), inflammation (eg, due to haemolysis) or the pathology underlying the anaemia may be of greater clinical relevance. The differential list for anaemia itself is long, but careful evaluation of clinicopathological changes can allow clinicians to narrow this list and focus investigation.Aim of the article: This article discusses the common causes of anaemia in cats and how to make a definitive diagnosis, as well as the treatment options to correct the underlying cause.
Canine dilated cardiomyopathy. Part 2: manifestations and treatment of clinical DCM
Authors: Crosland Andrew , Davis William , Dukes‐McEwan Joanna 
Published: November 2024

Background: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the second most common heart disease in dogs, and is more common in large or giant breeds. Physical examination may be unremarkable before the development of clinical signs such as congestive heart failure (CHF), syncopal episodes due to arrhythmias or impaired cardiac output. Different breeds may have different manifestations of DCM, with atrial fibrillation being common in Irish wolfhounds, and ventricular arrhythmias being common in dobermanns. Arrhythmias may coexist or precede development of typical echocardiographic changes of DCM. Idiopathic DCM is believed to have a genetic basis but there can be other causes of the echocardiographic changes that are typical in DCM (called a DCM phenotype), such as nutritional or secondary to primary arrhythmias (tachycardia‐induced cardiomyopathy), which need to be excluded. Treatment is palliative and directed at identifying and treating the primary cause of a DCM phenotype, treating CHF or significant arrhythmias. This is the second article in a two‐part series on DCM. Part 1, which was published in the November issue of In Practice, focused on the screening, diagnosis and management of preclinical DCM.Aim of the article: The aim of this article is to update the veterinary surgeon with presentations and manifestations of dogs with DCM, to exclude contributing factors mimicking DCM and to successfully manage affected patients.
Structural factors and their influence on the use of novel antidiabetic agents: Making the case for increased awareness and access to clinical pharmacy services
Authors: Trejos Kweyete Olga Monika , Woods Desrae , Okoumba Joahn , Guo Serena Jingchuan , Allen John M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractType 2 diabetes (T2D) affects over 38 million Americans, leading to significant health complications and substantial healthcare costs. Novel antidiabetic medications, such as SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP‐1 receptor agonists, have shown promise in improving glycemic control and reducing cardiovascular risks. However, their underuse, particularly among minority populations, remains a concern. This review examines the impact of structural factors, including socioeconomic determinants and historical practices like redlining, on the utilization of new antidiabetic agents. Disparities in T2D outcomes are driven by inadequate access to care and neighborhood characteristics. Addressing these issues requires comprehensive strategies, including the integration of pharmacist support to enhance medication adherence and overall T2D management. Understanding the influence of structural racism on healthcare disparities is crucial for improving access and outcomes for all patients.
Graphene Oxide Functionalized GelMA Platform Loaded With BFP‐1 for Osteogenic Differentiation of BMSCs
Authors: Guo Taowen , Lin Shifan , Zou Le , Zhang Guoliang , Long Jiaqi , Zhang Zhiping , Wang Shan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTSpinal fusion is the ultimate choice for most patients with severe disc degeneration, and bone tissue engineering offers novel strategies to improve intervertebral bone growth and fusion. In this study, we utilized graphene oxide (GO) and methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) to prepare GelMA/GO composite hydrogel scaffolds with different GO concentrations. By characterizing the various properties of the scaffolds, it was learned that the composite scaffold containing 1.2 mg/mL GO possessed the best overall performance, and we used it for subsequent experiments. GelMA/GO composite scaffolds containing different bone‐forming peptide‐1 (BFP‐1) concentrations were constructed and cocultured with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), and the results showed that GelMA/GO composite scaffolds containing 0.4 mg/mL BFP‐1 induced the cells to produce more ALP and mineralized matrix. The above scaffold was further investigated as a GelMA/GO@BFP‐1 composite, and the results showed that it promoted the production of ALP and mineralized matrix in BMSCs, and significantly enhanced the expression of osteogenesis‐related genes (ALP, Runx‐2, OCN, OPN) and proteins (Runx‐2, OCN). It suggests that the GelMA/GO@BFP‐1 complex promotes osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and has the potential tobe used as a bone implant for improving intervertebral bone fusion.
Albumin/Hyaluronic Acid Nanoparticle‐Laden Contact Lenses for the Ocular Delivery of 5‐Fluorouracil
Authors: Senra Sara F. M. , Veloso Sérgio R. S. , Lira Madalena , Castanheira Elisabete M. S. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTNanoparticle‐laden contact lenses are a formidable strategy for ocular drug delivery. However, incorporating nanoparticles to achieve sustained drug release without affecting the contact lenses' properties remains a challenging task. In this work, daily and monthly replacement silicone‐hydrogel contact lenses laden with bovine serum albumin/hyaluronic acid (BSA/HA) nanoparticles are presented. These nanoparticle‐laden contact lenses enable the sustained release of 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) in mimetic physiological conditions. The nanoparticle‐laden contact lenses display properties similar to neat contact lenses, including refractive index, water content, UV/visible transmittance and chemical structure. Noteworthy attributes include the BSA/HA nanoparticles' low polydispersity, negative surface charge and a hydrodynamic size of ~210 nm, as well as the high nanoparticle loading efficiency (~ 30%) of the contact lenses. Thereby, the BSA/HA nanoparticles are a promising strategy for developing nanoparticle‐laden contact lenses for therapeutic applications, namely for sustained drug delivery.
Integrated in silico‐in vitro profiling of the systematic response of paclitaxel and its analogues to clinical tubulin variations in gynecologic cancers: Implications for the molecular mechanism of acquired tumor chemoresistance
Authors: Lu Wenxiao , Shen Lili , Zhao Shijian 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTubulin is the basic building block of microtubule and has been established as a druggable target of various cancers. However, a large number of somatic missense variations have been clinically observed to harbor in the tubulin protein, which can cause drug resistance to microtubule‐stabilizing agents (MSAs), thus largely limiting the applications of MSAs in tumor chemotherapy. In this study, we created a systematic response profile of (PTX), the first approved MSA, as well as its diverse analogues (we herein termed paclitogues [PLGs]), to various tubulin variations by using an integrated in silico‐in vitro (iSiV) strategy. These PLGs share a similar action mechanism and the same binding pocket with PTX, while these variations were enriched from the gene ontology (GO) network involving a variety of gynecologic cancers (GCs). A considerable difference between the ligand response profiles to α‐ and β‐tubulin variations was observed; the former commonly has only marginal and even effects, whereas the latter generally exhibits significant but dramatically changeable responses. A number of resistant variations and few sensitive variations were identified from the profile; they can considerably reduce PTX affinity by up to ~30‐fold or moderately improve the affinity by <5‐fold. Multiple resistant variations can co‐work in a single tubulin variant to further combat with the PTX ligand. By examining their locations in the structural architecture of tubulin protein, it is revealed that resistant variations occur either in MSA‐binding pocket to directly block ligand binding or out of the pocket to indirectly impair the binding through a long‐range conformational effect, while the sensitive variations promote the binding by forming additional noncovalent interactions with ligand.