bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relapse Risk and Loss of Lifetime After Modern Combined Modality Treatment of Young Patients With Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Nordic Lymphoma Epidemiology Group Study
Authors: Biccler Jorne Lionel , Glimelius Ingrid , Eloranta Sandra , Smeland Knut B. , Brown Peter de Nully , Jakobsen Lasse Hjort , Frederiksen Henrik , Jerkeman Mats , Fosså Alexander , Andersson Therese M.L. , Holte Harald , Bøgsted Martin , El-Galaly Tarec Christoffer , Smedby Karin E. 
Published: February 2019

PURPOSE Estimates of short- and long-term survival for young patients with classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) are of considerable interest. We investigated cHL prognosis in the era of contemporary treatment at different milestones during the follow-up. PATIENTS AND METHODS On the basis of a Nordic cohort of 2,582 patients diagnosed at ages 18 to 49 years between 2000 and 2013, 5-year relapse risks and 5-year restricted losses in expectation of lifetime were estimated for all patients and for patients who achieved event-free survival (EFS) for 12 (EFS12), 24 (EFS24), 36 (EFS36) or 60 (EFS60) months. The median follow-up time was 9 years (range, 2.9 to 16.8 years). RESULTS The 5-year overall survival was 95% (95% CI, 94% to 96%). The 5-year risk of relapse was 13.4% (95% CI, 12.1% to 14.8%) overall but decreased to 4.2% (95% CI, 3.8% to 4.6%) given that patients reached EFS24. Relapse risk for patients treated with six to eight courses of bleomycin, etoposide, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (BEACOPP) was comparable to that of patients treated with six to eight courses of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) despite more adverse risk criteria among patients treated with BEACOPP. Both from diagnosis and if EFS24 was reached, the losses in expectation of lifetime during the following 5 years were small (from diagnosis, 45 days [95% CI, 35 to 54 days] and for patients who reached EFS24, 13 days [95% CI, 7 to 20 days]). In stage-stratified analyses of 5-year restricted loss in expectation of lifetime, patients with stages I to IIA disease had no noteworthy excess risk of death after they reached EFS24, whereas risk remained measurable for patients with stages IIB to IV cHL. CONCLUSION Real-world data on young patients with cHL from the Nordic countries show excellent outcomes. The outlook is particularly favorable for patients who reach EFS24, which supports limited relapse-oriented clinical follow-up.
Verticality and Vertigo: Spatial Effects in Tayeb Salih’sSeason of Migration to the North
Authors: Samatar Sofia 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis essay examines spatial effects in Tayeb Salih’s novel Season of Migration to the North, drawing on the work of eleventh-century theorist Abd al-Qahir al-Jurjani and two twentieth-century theorists, Joseph Frank and Julia Kristeva. Attending to formal patterns that create a sense of synchronicity, repetition, or rupture, the essay shows how such effects serve to disrupt the representation of linear time, introduce intertextuality by quotation or allusion, and situate the novel’s setting, a small Sudanese village, in a global network of power. This reading uncovers shared ground between al-Jurjani’s theory of nazm, or construction, Frank’s concept of spatial form, and Kristeva’s “spatialization” of the word in the practice of intertextual reading and demonstrates the centrality of spatial concerns to the novel’s critical commentary on the experience of modernity.
El caso Bohigas: Reacciones al secuestro infantil en el México de los años cuarenta
Authors: Sosenski Susana 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Este artículo analiza el secuestro de Fernando Bohigas ocurrido en la ciudad de México en 1945. Este caso desató una serie de preocupaciones sobre la seguridad de los niños y sirvió a los medios de comunicación para difundir ideas xenofóbas, alentar al público mexicano a colaborar con la policía, reforzar las ideas tradicionales sobre la maternidad y producir nuevas ansiedades en torno al cuidado de los niños. Todo esto terminó restringiendo la posición social de niños y niñas en la dinámica urbana, su derecho a la autonomía y a la ciudad. En el contexto de acelerada urbanización de la ciudad de México, el peligro se materializó en un grupo heterogéneo de sujetos riesgosos: los robachicos, imposibles de identificar a simple vista, pero depositarios de una serie de estereotipos vinculados al peligro, la otredad y la extranjería.
There and back again: natal homing by magnetic navigation in sea turtles and salmon
Authors: Lohmann Kenneth J. , Lohmann Catherine M. F. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTDiverse marine animals migrate across vast expanses of seemingly featureless ocean before returning as adults to reproduce in the area where they originated. How animals accomplish such feats of natal homing is an enduring mystery. Growing evidence suggests, however, that sea turtles and salmon imprint on the magnetic field of their home area when young and then use this information to return as adults. Both turtles and salmon have the sensory abilities needed to detect the unique ‘magnetic signature’ of a coastal area. Analyses have revealed that, for both groups of animals, subtle changes in the geomagnetic field of the home region are correlated with changes in natal homing behavior. In turtles, a relationship between population genetic structure and the magnetic fields that exist at nesting beaches has also been detected, consistent with the hypothesis that turtles recognize their natal areas on the basis of magnetic cues. Salmon likely use a biphasic navigational strategy in which magnetic cues guide fish through the open sea and into the proximity of the home river where chemical cues allow completion of the spawning migration. Similarly, turtles may also exploit local cues to help pinpoint nesting areas once they have arrived in the vicinity. Throughout most of the natal homing migration, however, magnetic navigation appears to be the primary mode of long-distance guidance in both sea turtles and salmon.
Celestial navigation inDrosophila
Authors: Warren Timothy L. , Giraldo Ysabel M. , Dickinson Michael H. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTMany casual observers typecast Drosophila melanogaster as a stationary pest that lurks around fruit and wine. However, the omnipresent fruit fly, which thrives even in desert habitats, likely established and maintained its cosmopolitan status via migration over large spatial scales. To perform long-distance dispersal, flies must actively maintain a straight compass heading through the use of external orientation cues, such as those derived from the sky. In this Review, we address how D. melanogaster accomplishes long-distance navigation using celestial cues. We focus on behavioral and physiological studies indicating that fruit flies can navigate both to a pattern of linearly polarized light and to the position of the sun – the same cues utilized by more heralded insect navigators such as monarch butterflies and desert ants. In both cases, fruit flies perform menotaxis, selecting seemingly arbitrary headings that they then maintain over time. We discuss how the fly's nervous system detects and processes this sensory information to direct the steering maneuvers that underlie navigation. In particular, we highlight recent findings that compass neurons in the central complex, a set of midline neuropils, are essential for navigation. Taken together, these results suggest that fruit flies share an ancient, latent capacity for celestial navigation with other insects. Furthermore, they illustrate the potential of D. melanogaster to help us to elucidate both the cellular basis of navigation and mechanisms of directed dispersal on a landscape scale.
The navigational nose: a new hypothesis for the function of the human external pyramid
Authors: Jacobs Lucia F. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT
One of the outstanding questions in evolution is why Homo erectus became the first primate species to evolve the external pyramid, i.e. an external nose. The accepted hypothesis for this trait has been its role in respiration, to warm and humidify air as it is inspired. However, new studies testing the key assumptions of the conditioning hypothesis, such as the importance of turbulence to enhance heat and moisture exchange, have called this hypothesis into question. The human nose has two functions, however, respiration and olfaction. It is thus also possible that the external nose evolved in response to selection for olfaction. The genus Homo had many adaptations for long-distance locomotion, which allowed Homo erectus to greatly expand its species range, from Africa to Asia. Long-distance navigation in birds and other species is often accomplished by orientation to environmental odors. Such olfactory navigation, in turn, is enhanced by stereo olfaction, made possible by the separation of the olfactory sensors. By these principles, the human external nose could have evolved to separate olfactory inputs to enhance stereo olfaction. This could also explain why nose shape later became so variable: as humans became more sedentary in the Neolithic, a decreasing need for long-distance movements could have been replaced by selection for other olfactory functions, such as detecting disease, that would have been critical to survival in newly dense human settlements.
Non-Euclidean navigation
Authors: Warren William H. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT
A basic set of navigation strategies supports navigational tasks ranging from homing to novel detours and shortcuts. To perform these last two tasks, it is generally thought that humans, mammals and perhaps some insects possess Euclidean cognitive maps, constructed on the basis of input from the path integration system. In this article, I review the rationale and behavioral evidence for this metric cognitive map hypothesis, and find it unpersuasive: in practice, there is little evidence for truly novel shortcuts in animals, and human performance is highly unreliable and biased by environmental features. I develop the alternative hypothesis that spatial knowledge is better characterized as a labeled graph: a network of paths between places augmented with local metric information. What distinguishes such a cognitive graph from a metric cognitive map is that this local information is not embedded in a global coordinate system, so spatial knowledge is often geometrically inconsistent. Human path integration appears to be better suited to piecewise measurements of path lengths and turn angles than to building a consistent map. In a series of experiments in immersive virtual reality, we tested human navigation in non-Euclidean environments and found that shortcuts manifest large violations of the metric postulates. The results are contrary to the Euclidean map hypothesis and support the cognitive graph hypothesis. Apparently Euclidean behavior, such as taking novel detours and approximate shortcuts, can be explained by the adaptive use of non-Euclidean strategies.
The insect central complex and the neural basis of navigational strategies
Authors: Honkanen Anna , Adden Andrea , da Silva Freitas Josiane , Heinze Stanley 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTOriented behaviour is present in almost all animals, indicating that it is an ancient feature that has emerged from animal brains hundreds of millions of years ago. Although many complex navigation strategies have been described, each strategy can be broken down into a series of elementary navigational decisions. In each moment in time, an animal has to compare its current heading with its desired direction and compensate for any mismatch by producing a steering response either to the right or to the left. Different from reflex-driven movements, target-directed navigation is not only initiated in response to sensory input, but also takes into account previous experience and motivational state. Once a series of elementary decisions are chained together to form one of many coherent navigation strategies, the animal can pursue a navigational target, e.g. a food source, a nest entrance or a constant flight direction during migrations. Insects show a great variety of complex navigation behaviours and, owing to their small brains, the pursuit of the neural circuits controlling navigation has made substantial progress over the last years. A brain region as ancient as insects themselves, called the central complex, has emerged as the likely navigation centre of the brain. Research across many species has shown that the central complex contains the circuitry that might comprise the neural substrate of elementary navigational decisions. Although this region is also involved in a wide range of other functions, we hypothesize in this Review that its role in mediating the animal's next move during target-directed behaviour is its ancestral function, around which other functions have been layered over the course of evolution.
The genetics and epigenetics of animal migration and orientation: birds, butterflies and beyond
Authors: Merlin Christine , Liedvogel Miriam 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT
Migration is a complex behavioural adaptation for survival that has evolved across the animal kingdom from invertebrates to mammals. In some taxa, closely related migratory species, or even populations of the same species, exhibit different migratory phenotypes, including timing and orientation of migration. In these species, a significant proportion of the phenotypic variance in migratory traits is genetic. In others, the migratory phenotype and direction is triggered by seasonal changes in the environment, suggesting an epigenetic control of their migration. The genes and epigenetic changes underpinning migratory behaviour remain largely unknown. The revolution in (epi)genomics and functional genomic tools holds great promise to rapidly move the field of migration genetics forward. Here, we review our current understanding of the genetic and epigenetic architecture of migratory traits, focusing on two emerging models: the European blackcap and the North American monarch butterfly. We also outline a vision of how technical advances and integrative approaches could be employed to identify and functionally validate candidate genes and cis-regulatory elements on these and other migratory species across both small and broad phylogenetic scales to significantly advance the field of genetics of animal migration.
Effect of High-Intensity Exercise on Multiple Sclerosis Function and Phosphorous Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Outcomes
Authors: ORBAN ANNA , GARG BHARTI , SAMMI MANOJ K. , BOURDETTE DENNIS N. , ROONEY WILLIAM D. , KUEHL KERRY , SPAIN REBECCA I. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose
We determined if a high-intensity aerobic exercise program would be safe, improve expected fitness and clinical outcomes, and alter exploratory phosphorous magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P MRS) outcomes in persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS).

Methods
This open-label prospective pilot study compared two cohorts of ambulatory PwMS matched for age, sex and V˙O2max. Cohorts underwent 8 wk of high-intensity aerobic exercise (MS-Ex, n = 10) or guided stretching (MS-Ctr, n = 7). Aerobic exercise consisted of four 30-min sessions per week while maintaining ≥70% maximal HR. Changes in cardiorespiratory fitness, clinical outcomes, and 31P MRS of tibialis anterior (TA) muscle and brain were compared. Cross-sectional 31P MRS comparisons were made between all MS participants and a separate matched healthy control population.

Results
The MS-Ex cohort achieved target increases in V˙O2max (mean, +12.7%; P = <0.001, between-group improvement, P = 0.03). One participant was withdrawn for exercise-induced syncope. The MS-Ex cohort had within-group improvements in fat mass (−5.8%; P = 0.04), lean muscle mass (+2.6%; P = 0.02), Symbol Digit Modalities Test (+15.1%; P = 0.04), and cognitive subscore of the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (−26%; P = 0.03), whereas only the physical subscore of the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale improved in MS-Ctr (−16.1%; P = 0.007). 31P MRS revealed significant within-group increases in MS-Ex participants in TA rate constant of phosphocreatine (PCr) recovery (+31.5%; P = 0.03) and adenosine triphosphate/PCr (+3.2%; P = 0.01), and near significant between-group increases in TA PCr recovery rate constant (P = 0.05) but no significant changes in brain 31P MRS after exercise. Cross-sectional differences existed between MS and healthy control brain PCr/inorganic phosphate (4.61 ± 0.44, 3.93 ± 0.19; P = 0.0019).

Conclusions
High-intensity aerobic exercise in PwMS improved expected cardiorespiratory and clinical outcomes but provoked one serious adverse event. The 31P MRS may serve to explore underlying mechanisms by which aerobic exercise exerts cerebral benefits.
Anti-Mullerian hormone levels in female cancer patients of reproductive age in Indonesia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Harzif Achmad Kemal , Wiweko Budi , Addina Putri , Iswaranti Kartika , Silvia Melisa , Mariana Ana , Mutia Kresna , Sumapraja Kanadi , Muharam R , Pratama Gita 
Published: February 2019

Background: Efforts in reproductive preservation for cancer patients have become one of the important aspects of cancer management. In fact, decline in reproductive function is known to occur after exposure to anti-cancer treatments. Measuring anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels is known to be the best parameter in predicting ovarian reserves, which indicates reproductive function. In total, 68% of cancer survivors of reproductive age who underwent anti-cancer treatments suffer from infertility. Meanwhile, ovarian reserves also decrease with increasing age. There is ongoing debate on whether the ovarian reserves of cancer patients could be reduced long before exposure to anti-cancer therapy. Therefore, it is important to know whether ovarian reserves in cancer patients decrease before or after anti-cancer therapy. This can help predict the reproductive function in such cases and the effectiveness of ovarian preservation efforts. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted, comparing the AMH levels of 44 female cancer patients of reproductive age before cancer therapy, to 44 non-cancer patients of reproductive age (age matched). The biological ages from both groups were adjusted using the Indonesian Kalkulator of Oocytes. Results: The median age in both groups was 28 years old. The AMH levels in the cancer group were found to be significantly lower in contrast to those in the non-cancer group (1.11 [0.08-4.65] ng/ml vs. 3.99 [1.19- 8.7]; p- value <0.001). Therefore, the biological age in the cancer group was 10 years older than that of the non-cancer group, indicating that ovarian aging occurs earlier in cancer patients. Conclusions: AMH levels of cancer patients of reproductive age were already reduced before cancer therapy, given an older biological age, in contrast to that of the non-cancer patients. Proper counseling and implementation of fertility-preserving methods is highly recommended in this group of patients.
Understanding the impact of a collective leadership intervention on team working and safety culture in healthcare teams: a realist evaluation protocol
Authors: De Brun Aoife , Rogers Lisa , O'Shea Marie , McAuliffe Eilish 
Published: February 2019

There is accumulating evidence for the value of collective and shared approaches to leadership across sectors and settings. However, relatively little research has explored collective leadership in healthcare and thus, there is little understanding of what works for healthcare teams, why, how and to what extent. This study describes the approach that will be adopted to the realist evaluation of a collective leadership intervention with four heterogenous healthcare teams in four different settings. A realist evaluation will be conducted. Realist evaluation is a theory-based approach to evaluation. It enables the use of mixed-methods to explore the research question of interest. Development of an initial programme theory (IPT) constitutes the first phase of the approach. This IPT will be informed by interviews with members of teams identified as working collectively, an examination of extant literature using realist synthesis, and will be refined through consultation with an expert panel. A multiple case study design will be adopted to explore the impact of the intervention, including quantitative scales on teamworking, leadership and safety culture, realist interviews with key informants and observations of teams during intervention sessions. Analysis of data will be guided by the IPT to refine the theory and context-mechanism-outcome configurations. Findings from the cases will be compared to identify patterns or demi-regularities and to explore if the intervention operates differently in different contexts. This analysis and synthesis of findings across the teams will inform the development of a middle range theory that will not only add to our understanding of how collective leadership influences teamwork and patient safety, but also provide guidance for future collective leadership interventions. Favourable ethical opinion has been received from the University College Dublin Ethics Committee. Results will be disseminated via publication in peer-review journals, national and international conferences and to stakeholders/interest groups.
PENINGKATAN POTENSI WILAYAH DAN KESEHATAN MENUJU DESA SEJAHTERA DI GIRIPANGGUNG, TEPUS, GUNUNGKIDUL
Authors: Merawati Fitri 
Published: February 2019

Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN) merupakan program kegiatan yang wajib dilaksanakan oleh setiap mahasiswa, khusunya mahasiswa Universitas Ahmad Dahlan. Hal ini dimaksudkan agar mahasiswa mampu belajar dari masyarakat, berbagi ilmu kepada masyarakat, dan bisa berdampingan dengan baik bersama masyarakat. KKN UAD periode LXI yang berada di Dusun Klopoloro 1, Dusum Klopoloro 2, dan Susun Bolang, Desa Giripanggung, Kecamatan Tepus, Gunungkidul kali ini mengusung tema “Peningkatan Potensi Wilayah dan Kesehatan Menuju Desa Sejahtera”. Tema ini menunjukkan bahwa tujuan utama kehadiran KKN di dusun tersebut adalah ingin mengajak masyarakat berpola pikir maju dengan mengedepankan potensi wilayah dan kesehatan sehingga diharapkan nantinya akan tercipta kesejahteraan. Tujuan ini memerlukan gerakan-gerakan nyata pada masyarakat. Oleh karena itu, untuk menunjang terwujudnya tujuan tersebut mahasiswa KKN UAD mengusung program-program yang berkaitan dengan pengembangan potensi wilayah dan kesehatan seperti 1) pelatihan mocaf, 2) penyuluhan kesehatan, dan 3) pendampingan posyandu.
PROGRAM BRIKET BIOARANG SEBAGAI PENGGANTI BAHAN BAKAR ALTERNATIF BAGI MASYARAKAT DESA PANDOWAN
Authors: Sumaryati Sumaryati 
Published: February 2019

Desa Pandowan terletak di Kecamatan Galur, Kabupaten Kulon Progo, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Desa Pandowan sebelah timur berbatasan dengan Desa Brosot, sebelah selatan berbatasan dengan Desa Nomporejo dan Karangsewu, sebelah barat berbatasan dengan Desa Tirtorahayu, sedangkan sebelah utara berbatasan dengan Desa Brosot dan Kecamatan Lendah. Salah satu kekayaan yang dimiliki masyarakat Desa Pandowan, Galur, Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta adalah lahan sawah yang luas, karena mayoritas penduduknya berprofesi sebagai petani. Setelah musim panen, banyak limbah dari hasil penggilingan padi yang menumpuk dan tidak dimanfaatkan dengan maksimal. Limbah sekam biasanya hanya dimanfaatkan untuk pembakaran batu bata.Karena banyaknya tumpukan limbah sekam tersebut dan kurangnya pengetahuan masyarakat akan pengolahan limbah sekam padi, maka mahasiswa KKN UAD membuat program kerja yangdifokuskan untuk menumbuhkan rasa kepedulian masyarakat terhadap pengolahan sekam padi untuk menghasilkan briket bioarang sebagai bahan bakar alternatif dan keterampilan untuk mengubah limbah sekam padi menjadi sesuatu yang bernilai ekonomi.