bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Competing Interface and Bulk Effect–Driven Magnetoelectric Coupling in Vertically Aligned Nanocomposites
Authors: Chen Aiping , Dai Yaomin , Eshghinejad Ahmad , Liu Zhen , Wang Zhongchang , Bowlan John , Knall Erik , Civale Leonardo , MacManus‐Driscoll Judith L. , Taylor Antoinette J. , Prasankumar Rohit P. , Lookman Turab , Li Jiangyu , Yarotski Dmitry , Jia Quanxi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRoom‐temperature magnetoelectric (ME) coupling is developed in artificial multilayers and nanocomposites composed of magnetostrictive and electrostrictive materials. While the coupling mechanisms and strengths in multilayers are widely studied, they are largely unexplored in vertically aligned nanocomposites (VANs), even though theory has predicted that VANs exhibit much larger ME coupling coefficients than multilayer structures. Here, strong transverse and longitudinal ME coupling in epitaxial BaTiO3:CoFe2O4 VANs measured by both optical second harmonic generation and piezoresponse force microscopy under magnetic fields is reported. Phase field simulations have shown that the ME coupling strength strongly depends on the vertical interfacial area which is ultimately controlled by pillar size. The ME coupling in VANs is determined by the competition between the vertical interface coupling effect and the bulk volume conservation effect. The revealed mechanisms shed light on the physical insights of vertical interface coupling in VANs in general, which can be applied to a variety of nanocomposites with different functionalities beyond the studied ME coupling effect.
Showing Your Thinking: Using Mind Maps to Understand the Gaps Between Experienced Emergency Physicians and Their Students
Authors: Gossack‐Keenan Kira , De Wit Kerstin , Gardiner Emily , Turcotte Michelle , Chan Teresa M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundClinical teaching faculty rely on schemas for diagnosis. When they attempt to teach medical students, there may be a gap in the interpretation because the students do not have the same schemas. The aim of this analysis was to explore expert thinking processes through mind maps, to help determine the gaps between an expert's mind map of their diagnostic thinking and how students interpret this teaching artifact.MethodsA novel mind‐mapping approach was used to examine how emergency physicians (EPs) explain their clinical reasoning schemas. Nine EPs were shown two different videos of a student interviewing a patient with possible venous thromboembolism. EPs were then asked to explain their diagnostic approach using a mind map, as if they were thinking to a student. Later, another medical student interviewed the EPs to clarify the mind map and revise as needed. A coding framework was generated to determine the discrepancy between the EP‐generated mind map and the novice's interpretation.ResultsEvery mind map (18 mind maps from nine individuals) contained some discrepancy between the expert's mind and novice's interpretation. From the qualitative analysis of the changes between the originally created mind map and the later revision, the authors developed a conceptual framework describing types of amendments that students might expect teachers to make in their mind maps: 1) substantive amendments, such as incomplete mapping; and 2) clarifications, such as the need to explain background for a mind map element.ConclusionEmergency physician teachers tend to make jumps in reasoning, most commonly including incomplete mapping and maps requiring clarifications. Educating EPs on these processes will allow modification of their teaching modalities to better suit learners.
A standardized autopsy protocol for arthrogryposis (multiple congenital contractures)
Authors: Oberg Kerby C. , Magaki Shino , Hall Judith G. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractArthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) describes disorders with multiple joint contractures that arise from neurological, neuromuscular, or mechanical origin. Although impaired fetal movement is the typical clinical presentation, the etiology underlying this phenotype for a number of conditions remains unknown. In an effort to better characterize and define the etiologies underlying these disorders, we recommend a standardized autopsy protocol that will allow for appropriate diagnosis and a methodical approach for examination that will facilitate subsequent study by investigators across disciplines. To further support investigation, we have also established an AMC autopsy registry to bank tissue obtained at autopsy for subsequent study.
Spectroscopic and electrochemical study for evaluating DNA interaction activity of 4‐(3‐halophenyl)‐6‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)pyrimidin‐2‐amine based piano stool Cp* Rh (III) and Ir (III) complexes
Authors: Vekariya Pankajkumar A. , Karia Parag S. , Bhatt Bhupesh S. , Patel Mohan N. 
Published: August 2019

Six novel organometallic half sandwich complexes [(η5‐C5Me5)M(L1–3)Cl]Cl.2H2O were synthesized using [{(η5‐C5Me5)M(μ‐Cl)Cl2], where M = Ir (III)/Rh (III) and L1–3 = three pyridyl pyrimidine based ligands; and characterized by NMR, Infra‐red spectroscopy, conductance, elemental and thermal analysis. The complex‐DNA binding mode and/or strength evaluated using absorption titration, electrochemical studies and hydrodynamic measurement proposed intercalative binding mode, which was also confirmed by molecular docking study. Differential pulse voltammetry and cyclic voltammetry studies indicated an alteration in oxidation and reduction potentials of complexes (M+4/M+3) in presence of CT‐DNA. The metal complexes can cleave plasmid DNA as proposed in gel electrophoretic analysis. The LC50 values of complexes evaluated on brine shrimp suggested their potent cytotoxic nature.
Effects of laser polishing on surface quality and mechanical properties of PLA parts built by fused deposition modeling
Authors: Chen Lan , Zhang Xinzhou , Gan Shuyuan 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTFused deposition modeling (FDM) produces parts through layer by layer on the top of each other, making it almost impossible to obtain smooth printed parts. Hence, there is a huge demand for the postprocessing of the FDM‐printed parts. Laser polishing is a novel technique that can be used to polish products to obtain a smoother surface. The aim of this work was to explore the feasibility of surface‐finishing FDM‐printed polylactic acid (PLA) parts by laser polishing. The surface roughness, surface morphology, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and tensile properties were investigated. The results indicated that the lower laser power and the bigger laser beam diameter within a certain range could facilitate the formation of smoother surface. With optimized parameters, the surface roughness was reduced by 90.4%. DMA showed that the storage modulus (E’) and glass transition temperature of PLA specimens were significantly improved due to the decrease of molecular mobility of denser structures. Moreover, the tensile strength and Young's modulus of the PLA specimen were also significantly increased after laser polishing. The fracture morphologies were observed, and the possible strengthening mechanism was also discussed. These results indicated that laser polishing could be an efficient method for surface polishing of FDM parts. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48288.
Modification of mechanical and color properties of polypropylene with colored nano‐SiO2 prepared from diatomite
Authors: Ma Qianer , Xia Meisheng 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTDiatomite powder was dissolved in alkali to form sodium silicate, which was then used to prepare colored nano‐SiO2 (CNS) by the process of chemical precipitation. The CNS was analyzed by means of X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. To explore the application of colored nano‐SiO2 in polypropylene (PP), CNS was incorporated into PP T30s. The mechanical and colorimetric properties of prepared CNS/PP composites were also investigated. The results of tensile tests indicated that the nanoparticles could simultaneously provide PP with stiffening, strengthening, and toughening effects at a low filler content (typically 2% by volume). At the same time, with CNS filler, the PP composites acquired a bright red color. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48328.
Systematic review of the impact of patient death on surgeons
Authors: Joliat G-R , Demartines N , Uldry E 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
The death of a patient is experienced at some time by most surgeons. The aim of this review was to use existing literature to establish how surgeons have dealt with the death of patients.

Methods
A systematic review of the medical literature was performed. MEDLINE/PubMed, Ovid, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar were searched for qualitative and quantitative studies on surgeon reactions when facing death or a dying patient. This systematic review was performed following the recommendations of the Cochrane collaboration and reported following the PRISMA guidelines. Individual and interview-based opinions were summarized and synthesized.

Results
An initial search found 652 articles. After exclusion of articles that did not satisfy the inclusion criteria, 20 articles remained and seven were included. Two of these articles were personal opinion of the author and five were interviews or surveys. The main findings were that facing death routinely induces a strong psychological burden and that surgeons are more at risk than the general population to develop psychological morbidity.

Conclusion
Although it is a frequent and emotional subject in the surgical world, the impact of patient death on surgeons is not abundantly studied in the literature. Dealing with patient death or taking care of a dying patient might have long-lasting psychological impact on surgeons.
Pedagogy of diversity and data analytics: Theory to practice
Authors: Shankar P. Mohana 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA course in probability is a requirement in Baccalaureate Programs in Electrical and Computer Engineering. Students view this course as conceptual with little connection to real world problems. Efforts have been undertaken to mitigate this issue and connect the conceptual topics to data analytics to make the course relevant. Data analytics based exercises are now integral to the course. Several demos were created to link statistical concepts with practice through analysis of data. In this study, a demo created to illustrate the concept of diversity to improve the performance of a machine vision system is described. It incorporates concepts of Bayes’ rule, single and multiple random variables, goodness fit tests, random number simulation and data analytics to illustrate the pedagogy of diversity and associated data processing. Student survey results suggest that these demos enhance that the learning experience in the engineering probability course.
Plasma‐Made (Ni0.5Cu0.5)Fe2O4 Nanoparticles for Alcohol Amination under Microwave Heating
Authors: Li Alain You , Dumaresq Nicolas , Segalla Andréanne , Braidy Nadi , Moores Audrey 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAmine N‐alkylation is a process involved in the production of a wide range of chemicals. Here we describe the synthesis of well‐defined (Ni0.5Cu0.5)Fe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles by plasma induction, and their successful application to amine N‐alkylation using alcohols as coupling agents through a borrowing hydrogen pathway. Plasma induction allows precise morphology and size control over nanoparticle synthesis, while allowing the one‐pot production of decagram quantities of material. Up to date, such nanoparticles have never been applied for organic reactions. By coupling high‐end characterization techniques with catalytic optimization, we showed that small Cu(0) satellite nanoparticles played an essential role in alcohol oxidation, whereas both Ni and Cu were required for the last step of the reaction. Using elemental mapping, we demonstrated that catalyst deactivation occurred through a leaching/re‐deposition mechanism of Cu and Ni. The reactions were conducted under microwave conditions, which exerted a positive effect on catalytic activity. Finally, the catalyst was active at low metal loadings (2 mol%) even on the gram‐scale, and affording unprecedented TON for this reaction catalyzed by Ni/Cu bimetallic systems (19).
Toehold‐Mediated Strand Displacement in a Triplex Forming Nucleic Acid Clamp for Reversible Regulation of Polymerase Activity and Protein Expression
Authors: Nguyen Thuy J. D. , Manuguerra Ilenia , Kumar Vipin , Gothelf Kurt V. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTriplex forming oligonucleotides are used as a tool for gene regulation and in DNA nanotechnology. By incorporating artificial nucleic acids, target affinity and biological stability superior to that of natural DNA may be obtained. This work demonstrates how a chimeric clamp consisting of acyclic (L)‐threoninol nucleic acid (aTNA) and DNA can bind DNA and RNA by the formation of a highly stable triplex structure. The (L)‐aTNA clamp is released from the target again by the addition of a releasing strand in a strand displacement type of reaction. It is shown that the clamp efficiently inhibits Bsu and T7 RNA polymerase activity and that polymerase activity is reactivated by displacing the clamp. The clamp was successfully applied to the regulation of luciferase expression by reversible binding to the mRNA. When targeting a sequence in the double stranded plasmid, 40 % downregulation of protein expression is achieved.
An Improved Two‐Step Protocol for Trophoblast Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Horii Mariko , Bui Tony , Touma Ojeni , Cho Hee Young , Parast Mana M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe previously established a two‐step protocol for differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into trophoblasts, using a StemPro‐based minimal medium (EMIM) with bone morphogenetic protein‐4 (BMP4). This protocol was suboptimal, resulting in induction of mixed mesoderm and trophoblast markers. Furthermore, adapting hPSCs to StemPro has proven difficult, and prolonged culture in this medium has been shown to promote genomic instability. Therefore, we moved on to the use of new media, including E8, and most recently, StemFlex, for rapid adaptation from feeder to non‐feeder conditions. In the new protocol, we have incorporated the WNT inhibitor IWP2 into the first step, resulting in uniform differentiation of hPSCs into cytotrophoblast (CTB)‐like cells, without induction of the mesoderm lineage. We also show that, at the end of the second step, there are distinct populations of terminally differentiated multinucleated human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)‐producing syncytiotrophoblast (STB) and HLAG+ extravillous trophoblast (EVT)‐like cells. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Facile Two‐Step Synthesis of Delafossite CuFeO2 Photocathodes by Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis and Hybrid Microwave Annealing
Authors: Garcia‐Torregrosa Ivan , Geertzema Yannick G. , Ismail Ahmed S. M. , Lee Tien‐Lin , de Groot Frank M. F. , Weckhuysen Bert M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDelafossite CuFeO2 photocathodes have recently attracted attention for water splitting due to their suitable band gap (∼1.5 eV) and high stability in aqueous media. The preparation of CuFeO2 usually requires long and energy‐intense treatments in an inert atmosphere for the full conversion of spinel CuFe2O4 to delafossite CuFeO2. Herein, we report the preparation and characterization of highly uniform and stable CuFeO2 thin films obtained via a combination of inexpensive ultrasonic spray pyrolysis followed by a short hybrid microwave treatment (∼4 min). The resulting films show good stability in alkaline media and produce a photocurrent of ∼650 μA/cm2 under 1.5 AM simulated sunlight and with oxygen bubbling. The effect of the rapid transformation from the spinel to the delafossite phase induced by hybrid microwave annealing was investigated with synchrotron‐based X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
Crossing thresholds: The use of spatial analysis to identify intensification of the Colombian conflict
Authors: Palao‐Mendizabal Agustin , Holmes Jennifer S. , Callenes Mercedez , Cardenas Álvaro 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis research note uses exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) to understand regional conflict escalation. This study suggests rethinking the use of strict thresholds of conflict in studies of civil war, given that hot spots are predictors of conflict escalation. In the Colombian case, human rights violations hot spots are predictors of higher intensity conflict escalation.
Functional Inks for Printable Energy Storage Applications based on 2 D Materials
Authors: Wang Libin , Chen Shi , Shu Ting , Hu Xianluo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractUbiquitous portable electronics and the ever‐growing internet‐of‐things have necessitated the emergence of high‐end miniaturized devices as well as associated sophisticated printing technologies. With excellent solution processability and tunable electronic properties, 2 D materials stand as a promising candidate for functional inks that are readily printable for energy‐storage devices. In this Review, we outline the significance, status, and challenges that we are facing of the developments of 2 D materials‐based functional inks. Then, general ink formulation and basic knowledge of printing techniques together with their rheological requirements and enabled applications in energy storage are introduced, providing guidelines for developing inks that match well with the present printing techniques. Last, but not least, we also propose the perspectives on the development of 2 D materials‐based inks for energy‐storage applications.
When water interacts with temperature: Ecological and evolutionary implications of thermo‐hydroregulation in terrestrial ectotherms
Authors: Rozen‐Rechels David , Dupoué Andréaz , Lourdais Olivier , Chamaillé‐Jammes Simon , Meylan Sandrine , Clobert Jean , Le Galliard Jean‐François 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe regulation of body temperature (thermoregulation) and of water balance (defined here as hydroregulation) are key processes underlying ecological and evolutionary responses to climate fluctuations in wild animal populations. In terrestrial (or semiterrestrial) ectotherms, thermoregulation and hydroregulation closely interact and combined temperature and water constraints should directly influence individual performances. Although comparative physiologists traditionally investigate jointly water and temperature regulation, the ecological and evolutionary implications of these coupled processes have so far mostly been studied independently. Here, we revisit the concept of thermo‐hydroregulation to address the functional integration of body temperature and water balance regulation in terrestrial ectotherms. We demonstrate how thermo‐hydroregulation provides a framework to investigate functional adaptations to joint environmental variation in temperature and water availability, and potential physiological and/or behavioral conflicts between thermoregulation and hydroregulation. We extend the classical cost–benefit model of thermoregulation in ectotherms to highlight the adaptive evolution of optimal thermo‐hydroregulation strategies. Critical gaps in the parameterization of this conceptual optimality model and guidelines for future empirical research are discussed. We show that studies of thermo‐hydroregulation refine our mechanistic understanding of physiological and behavioral plasticity, and of the fundamental niche of the species. This is illustrated with relevant and recent examples of space use and dispersal, resource‐based trade‐offs, and life‐history tactics in insects, amphibians, and nonavian reptiles.
Regional patterns of genetic structure and environmental differentiation in willow populations (Salix humboldtiana Willd.) from Central Mexico
Authors: Hernández‐Leal Mariana S. , Suárez‐Atilano Marco , Piñero Daniel , González‐Rodríguez Antonio 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimTo infer the geological and climatic factors that have shaped the genetic diversity and structure of a willow species (Salix humboldtiana) in three basins of Central Mexico.LocationCentral Mexico.MethodsWe collected samples from 11 populations across two hydrological basins (Balsas and Lerma) and one population from another basin (Ameca) within the Mexican Central Plateau (MCP). Individuals were analyzed using sequences of two chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) regions and eight nuclear simple sequence repeats (nSSR). Population genetic diversity and structure were determined from these data. To evaluate whether genetic structure was associated with ecological niche differentiation, we determined whether there is niche equivalence, overlap, or divergence between the Balsas and Lerma basins. Also, we evaluated the relative contributions of geographic distribution and climatic variation on population genetic structuring through redundancy analysis (RDA) and partial RDA.ResultsBoth cpDNA and nSSRs data indicated the presence of three highly differentiated genetic groups, mostly geographically congruent with the three main hydrological basins. According to nSSRs, the three genetic groups can be further subdivided into eight subgroups corresponding to different rivers within the main basins. The niche equivalency test showed that the niches of the species in the Balsas and Lerma basins are significantly nonequivalent. The RDA indicated a significant association of genetic variation among populations with climate variables (particularly those related to the precipitation regime), while controlling for geographic distribution.Main conclusionsThe genetic structure of S. humboldtiana is strongly associated with the historical and current geological configuration of the basins and the rivers within basins. The observed hierarchical genetic differentiation can be due to gene flow limitation resulting from physical barriers to the dispersal of S. humboldtiana, but also to some degree of isolation by environment, as suggested by the significant association between genetic variation among populations and precipitation regime.