bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The performance of IPOs excluding the jump
Authors: Ivanov Stoyu I. 
Published: May 2018

PurposeThis paper aims to examine performance of firms with a negative second-day return after the Initial Public Offering (IPO) relative to stocks with a positive second-day return after the IPO. Loughran and Ritter (1995) document that firms which have done an IPO or an SEO underperform similar firms over three- and five-year investment horizons. Loughran and Ritter (2002) also document that firms that go public “leave money on the table”, with this amount being almost twice as large as the fees paid to the investment banks.Design/methodology/approachThe study’s null hypothesis is that stocks with a negative return on the second day of the IPO perform better than firms with a positive return on the second day of the IPO. The authors estimate the second-day return based on first- and second-day closing prices from the Center for Research in Security Prices, and they use a regression model and Jensen’s alpha to test the hypothesis.FindingsThe authors find evidence that rejects the paper’s working null hypothesis of superior performance of negative second-day return IPO firms relative to positive second-day return IPO firms in the three-year and five-year period samples. They fail to find statistically significant evidence in the entire period samples which suggest that negative second-day return IPO firms perform similarly to positive second-day return IPO firms.Originality/valueThe findings in this study raise interesting questions with regards to the ideas developed by Loughran and Ritter (2002) and the “money left on the table”. These findings are of interest to both entrepreneurs and investment bankers who advise them during the underwriting process. If there is not a benefit in terms of IPO performance to investors, then the question becomes – shouldn’t owners possibly consider actually “taking money from the table”. After all, the return to investors will be the same either way but if entrepreneurs make more money at IPO they would be motivated to start more companies in the future.
‘La Tige Monarchique [et] l'Arbre de la République’: Trees and the Body Politic in Revolutionary France
Authors: Pacini Giulia 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis article studies the encounter of two competing and yet deeply interconnected expressions of the French body politic in revolutionary France: the monarchic body and the republican tree. It traces contemporary fears about the king or other royalist creatures damaging the nation's young liberty trees, and ultimately analyses the material and political significance of the latter's health and handling. In particular, the discourse about planting and tree‐nurturing that characterised the Directory promoted new representations of la patrie in environmental terms: as a sacred soil and landscape, a site of memory marked by human culture.
Use of stereotactic body radiation therapy for oligometastatic recurrent prostate cancer: A systematic review
Authors: Vilela Ricardo Alencar , Navarro Natássia Ferreira , Faria Edison Tostes , Ferreira Elaine Barros , Ruzza Rachel Zomer , Gadia Rafael , Guerra Eliete Neves Silva , Reis Paula Elaine Diniz dos 
Published: May 2018

SummaryThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in the management of oligometastatic recurrent prostate cancer (PCa) by means of a systematic review. Six databases were searched (CENTRAL, Embase, LILACS, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science). Additionally, hand‐searching and grey literature search were performed. The main outcomes were progression‐free survival (PFS) and toxicity rates. Androgen deprivation therapy‐free survival (ADT‐FS), local control, pattern of recurrence, cancer‐specific survival and overall survival were also assessed. Risk of bias and quality of evidence were judged with the aid of specific tools. Fourteen studies were included, involving 661 patients and 899 lesions (561 nodal, 336 bone, 2 liver). Median PFS and ADT‐FS were around 1 to 3 years. Local control rates varied from 82 to 100% among researches with low risk of bias. Acute and late grade 2 toxicity was observed in 2.4% and 1.1% of the patients, respectively. One case of acute and two cases of late grade 3 toxicity were registered. Only one randomized study addresses this topic. Although it does not meet all the eligibility criteria, it is useful for the discussion. A quantitative analysis was not possible, nor were subgroup analyses, due to the significant heterogeneity of the interventions and outcomes reported. Longer follow‐up period is required. SBRT seems to be a safe approach to metastatic lesions that might provide disease control and defer androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Local control is better when higher radiation doses are employed.
Imaging in pancreas transplantation complications: Temporal classification
Authors: Gallego Ferrero Paula , Crespo Del Pozo Juan 
Published: May 2018

SummaryPancreatic transplantation is a therapeutic option for both poorly controlled cases of diabetes mellitus and patients with advanced diabetic nephropathy. It is important for radiologists to know the different surgical techniques as well as the typical radiological appearance after pancreatic transplantation, in order to accurately identify the complications. These complications can be classified according to the period of time after the transplantation in which they typically occur: immediate (first 24 hours), early (24–72 hours), intermediate (72 hours to weeks) and late (months). An accurate and early diagnosis of pancreas transplantation complications is essential to start the adequate treatment and increase the chances of graft survival.
Effects of vedolizumab, adalimumab and infliximab on biliary inflammation in individuals with primary sclerosing cholangitis and inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Tse C. S. , Loftus E. V. , Raffals L. E. , Gossard A. A. , Lightner A. L. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryBackgroundPrimary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic, progressive cholestatic biliary disease associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with no known cure.AimTo evaluate the effect of biological therapies on PSC progression in IBD patients.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of 88 cases (75 unique patients with 12 patients treated >1 biologics) of IBD (48 ulcerative colitis, 24 Crohn's disease and 3 indeterminate colitis) with concomitant PSC who received biological therapy (42 infliximab, 19 adalimumab, 27 vedolizumab) between June 2002 and October 2017. Hepatic biochemistries were compared using the paired t‐test (patients served as their own controls) ≤3 months before and 6‐8 and 12‐14 months after biological initiation. Radiographic information of biliary stenosis and liver fibrosis were obtained via abdominal ultrasound, abdominal magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance elastography.ResultsUse of adalimumab was associated with a significant decrease in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) after 6‐8 months (P = 0.03; mean change −70 U/L, standard deviation [SD] 88 U/L) compared to vedolizumab (mean change +50 U/L, SD 142 U/L) or infliximab (mean change +37 U/L, SD 183 U/L) but the change was not significant after 12‐14 months (P = 0.24). No significant decreases were observed with AST, ALT, total or direct bilirubin, elastography score or radiographic imaging of biliary tree dilation/strictures with any biological therapy after 6‐8 or 12‐14 months.ConclusionsCurrent evidence suggests that biological therapies used for the treatment of IBD are not effective treatments for PSC. Further study is needed to elucidate any potential beneficial effect of adalimumab on PSC.
Quantitative assessment of the effects of outside temperature on farrowing rate in gilts and sows by using a multivariate logistic regression model
Authors: Sasaki Yosuke , Fujie Madoka , Nakatake Shingo , Kawabata Tadahiro 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIt is well known that pigs are sensitive to heat stress, but few studies have assessed the critical temperature that affects farrowing rate. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to assess the effects of outside temperature on farrowing rate by using a multivariate logistic regression model. Data were obtained from 25 commercial farms, including 26,128 service records for gilts and 120,655 service records for sows. Two variables, maximum temperature (MAX) and temperature humidity index (THI), were used as an indicator for climate conditions. In gilts, an interaction between climate conditions and service number was associated with farrowing rate (p < .05). In the first service, farrowing rate decreased as climate conditions increased, whereas no relationship was found in the second service or later. In sows, farrowing rate at first service decreased as MAX increased from 22°C or THI increased from 66 (p < .05), but no apparent reduction under heat conditions was found in the second service or later. Additionally, effect of heat stress on farrowing rate in parities 1–2 was higher than those in parities 3–5 and ≥6 (p < .05). These results can be applied to field conditions as a standard for the critical temperature for farrowing rate.
Effects of low‐density Pinus elliottii (Slash pine) afforestation on environmental conditions and native plant diversity, in the mountains of central Argentina
Authors: Fiandino Santiago Ignacio , Plevich Jose Omar , Tarico Juan Carlos , Nuñez Cesar , Rusch Veronica , Gyenge Javier Enrique 
Published: May 2018

AbstractQuestionWhat effects do low‐density afforestation with Pinus elliottii have on the site conditions and plant diversity of the mountains of central Argentina?LocationSierra de Comechingones, central Argentina.MethodsWe studied the species richness and diversity and the physical and chemical properties of soils, in both the non‐afforested steppe (US) and the understorey of P. elliottii silvopastoral systems (SPS). Measurements were performed on three plots located in US and 18 experimental plots located in SPS, which differ in tree density (150, 250 and 450 trees/ha), pruning (with/without) and position (below – UC –, or outside – BC –, the vertical projection of the tree crown). In each plot, we measured soil variables organic matter (OM), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), moisture content (RH) and relative proportion of coarse fragments; as well as photosynthetically active radiation that reached the ground surface (PARi). At the same time, a floristic survey was performed, consisting of 117 sampling plots distributed equally between treatments. Richness, diversity and evenness indices were calculated for each treatment. Then, we carried out a PCA in order to identify the differences in life forms and environmental variables across the treatments.ResultsPARi ​​and pH were statistically significantly higher in US, while EC and RH were statistically significantly higher in SPS. Diversity indices did not differ significantly among the non‐afforested steppe (US) and the patches between crowns (BC), but were significantly higher in both these treatments than below the crown (UC). The higher richness in some of the life forms and light availability clearly separated US from UC in the PCA. All the species of interest (endemic, N‐fixing, medicinal, fodder) were found in the SPS.ConclusionsOur study indicates that the changes in site variables produced by low‐density afforestation generate niches for some species and, simultaneously, constitute a barrier to others. However, the fact that diversity indices and the presence of the species of interest showed no differences among the between‐crowns patches and the non‐afforested steppe, highlights the complex environment–vegetation relationships that take place in this kind of system.
Self‐focused processing after severe traumatic brain injury: Relationship to neurocognitive functioning and mood symptoms
Authors: Ownsworth Tamara , Gooding Kynan , Beadle Elizabeth 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of neurocognitive functioning on the self‐focused processing styles of rumination and reflection, and the relationship to mood symptoms after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).DesignA cross‐sectional design with a between‐group component comparing self‐focused processing styles and mood symptoms of adults with TBI and age‐ and gender‐matched controls.MethodFifty‐two participants with severe TBI (75% male, M age = 36.56, SD = 12.39) completed cognitive tests of attention, memory, executive functioning and the Awareness Questionnaire, Reflection and Rumination Questionnaire (RRQ), and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales (DASS – 21). Fifty age‐ and gender‐matched controls completed the RRQ and DASS‐21.ResultsTBI participants reported significantly greater mood symptoms than controls (p < .05); however, levels of rumination and reflection did not significantly differ. TBI participants high on both reflection and rumination had significantly greater mood symptoms than those with high reflection and low rumination (p < .001). Higher levels of rumination and reflection were associated with better working memory and immediate and delayed verbal memory (r = .36–.43, p < .01). Higher levels of rumination were also associated with greater verbal fluency, self‐awareness, and mood symptoms (r = .36–.70, p < .01).ConclusionsIndividuals with better memory functioning may be more likely to engage in self‐focused processing after severe TBI. Reflection without ruminative tendencies is more adaptive for mental health than reflection with rumination.Practitioner points

Individuals with severe TBI report more mood symptoms than non‐injured controls but do not differ on self‐focused processing.

Poorer memory function is related to lower levels of rumination and reflection.

Reflection without ruminative tendencies is adaptive for mental health after severe TBI.

Individuals with greater self‐awareness and ruminative tendencies are at increased risk of mental health problems following severe TBI.

Limitations

Rumination and reflection were assessed using a self‐report measure which assumes that people with severe TBI are able to reliably report on self‐focused processing styles.

The direction of associations between self‐focused processing, self‐awareness, and mood symptoms could not be determined due to the cross‐sectional design.
Long‐Run Patterns of Labour Market Polarization: Evidence from German Micro Data
Authors: Bachmann Ronald , Cim Merve , Green Colin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe past four decades have witnessed dramatic changes in the structure of employment. In particular, the rapid increase in computational power has led to large‐scale reductions in employment in jobs that can be described as intensive in routine tasks. These jobs have been shown to be concentrated in middle‐skill occupations. A large literature on labour market polarization characterizes and measures these processes at an aggregate level. However, to date, there is little information regarding the individual worker adjustment processes related to routine‐biased technological change. Using an administrative panel dataset for Germany, we follow workers over an extended period of time and provide evidence of both the short‐term adjustment process and medium‐run effects of routine task‐intensive job loss at an individual level. We initially demonstrate a marked, and steady, shift in employment away from routine, middle‐skill, occupations. In subsequent analysis, we demonstrate how exposure to jobs with higher routine task content is associated with a reduced likelihood of being in employment in both the short term (after one year) and medium term (five years). This employment penalty to routineness of work has increased over the past four decades. More generally, we demonstrate that routine task work is associated with reduced job stability and more likelihood of experiencing periods of unemployment. However, these negative effects of routine work appear to be concentrated in increased employment to employment, and employment to unemployment transitions rather than longer periods of unemployment.
The Role of Employee Stock Purchase Plans — Gift and Incentive? Evidence from a Multinational Corporation
Authors: Bryson Alex , Freeman Richard B. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractEmployee share purchase plans (ESPPs) give free or discounted shares of stock to workers who buy shares in the hope that the greater share ownership will retain workers, build loyalty and raise productivity, as in gift exchange models. Using measures of workers’ organizational loyalty and sense of ownership in a multinational firm that puts the ESPP at the heart of its compensation policy, we find that workers who join the ESPP have lower turnover intentions and do less on‐the‐job search than others, motivated in part by gift exchange reciprocity, and also respond to the group incentive of ownership with greater work effort, longer hours, and lower absence rates. Workers in workplaces with high perceived rates of ESPP participation are more likely to intervene against shirkers. The results appear robust to the selectivity of who joins the ESPP. The mix of gifting shares to workers who buy shares and the group incentive of ownership makes ESPPs a unique dual form of compensation.
The reaction of hydrogen sulfide with disulfides: formation of a stable trisulfide and implications for biological systems
Authors: Bianco Christopher L , Akaike Takaaki , Ida Tomoaki , Nagy Peter , Bogdandi Virag , Toscano John P , Kumagai Yoshito , Henderson Catherine F , Goddu Robert N , Lin Joseph , Fukuto Jon M 
Published: May 2018

Background and PurposeThe signalling associated with hydrogen sulfide (H2S) remains to be established, and recent studies have alluded to the possibility that H2S‐derived species play important roles. Of particular interest are hydropersulfides (RSSH) and related polysulfides (RSSnR, n > 1). This work elucidates the fundamental chemical relationship between these sulfur species as well as examines their biological effects.Experimental ApproachUsing standard analytical techniques (1H‐NMR and MS), the equilibrium reactions between H2S, disulfides (RSSR), RSSH, dialkyltrisulfides (RSSSR) and thiols (RSH) were examined. Their ability to protect cells from electrophilic and/or oxidative stress was also examined using cell culture.Key ResultsH2S, RSSR, RSSH, RSSSR and RSH are all in a dynamic equilibrium. In a biological system, these species can exist simultaneously, and thus, it is difficult to discern which species is (are) the biological effector(s). Treatment of cells with the dialkyl trisulfide cysteine trisulfide (Cys‐SSS‐Cys) resulted in high intracellular levels of hydropersulfides and protection from electrophilic stress.Conclusions and ImplicationsIn aqueous systems, the reaction between H2S and RSSR results in the formation of equilibria whereby H2S, RSH, RSSR, RSSH and RSSSR are present. In a biological system, any of these species can be responsible for the observed biological activity. These equilibrium species can also be generated via the reaction of RSH with RSSSR. Due to these equilibria, Cys‐SSS‐Cys can be a method for generating any of the other species. Importantly, HEK293T cells treated with Cys‐SSS‐Cys results in increased levels of hydropersulfides, allowing examination of the biological effects of RSSH.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Chemical Biology of Reactive Sulfur Species. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.4/issuetoc
Polymorphic adaptations in metazoans to establish and maintain photosymbioses
Authors: Melo Clavijo Jenny , Donath Alexander , Serôdio João , Christa Gregor 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTMutualistic symbioses are common throughout the animal kingdom. Rather unusual is a form of symbiosis, photosymbiosis, where animals are symbiotic with photoautotrophic organisms. Photosymbiosis is found among sponges, cnidarians, flatworms, molluscs, ascidians and even some amphibians. Generally the animal host harbours a phototrophic partner, usually a cyanobacteria or a unicellular alga. An exception to this rule is found in some sea slugs, which only retain the chloroplasts of the algal food source and maintain them photosynthetically active in their own cytosol – a phenomenon called ‘functional kleptoplasty’. Research has focused largely on the biodiversity of photosymbiotic species across a range of taxa. However, many questions with regard to the evolution of the ability to establish and maintain a photosymbiosis are still unanswered. To date, attempts to understand genome adaptations which could potentially lead to the evolution of photosymbioses have only been performed in cnidarians. This knowledge gap for other systems is mainly due to a lack of genetic information, both for non‐symbiotic and symbiotic species. Considering non‐photosymbiotic species is, however, important to understand the factors that make symbiotic species so unique. Herein we provide an overview of the diversity of photosymbioses across the animal kingdom and discuss potential scenarios for the evolution of this association in different lineages. We stress that the evolution of photosymbiosis is probably based on genome adaptations, which (i) lead to recognition of the symbiont to establish the symbiosis, and (ii) are needed to maintain the symbiosis. We hope to stimulate research involving sequencing the genomes of various key taxa to increase the genomic resources needed to understand the most fundamental question: how have animals evolved the ability to establish and maintain a photosymbiosis?
Plasma metabolite profiles in children with current asthma
Authors: Kelly R. S. , Sordillo J. E. , Lasky‐Su J. , Dahlin A. , Perng W. , Rifas‐Shiman S. L. , Weiss S. T. , Gold D. R. , Litonjua A. A. , Hivert M.‐F. , Oken E. , Wu A. C. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryBackgroundIdentifying metabolomic profiles of children with asthma has the potential to increase understanding of asthma pathophysiology.ObjectiveTo identify differences in plasma metabolites between children with and without current asthma at mid‐childhood.MethodsWe used untargeted mass spectrometry to measure plasma metabolites in 237 children (46 current asthma cases and 191 controls) in Project Viva, a birth cohort from eastern Massachusetts, USA. Current asthma was assessed at mid‐childhood (mean age 8.0 years). The ability of a broad spectrum metabolic profile to distinguish between cases and controls was assessed using partial least squares discriminant analysis. We used logistic regression models to identify individual metabolites that were differentially abundant by case–control status. We tested significant metabolites for replication in 411 children from the VDAART clinical trial.ResultsThere was no evidence of a systematic difference in the metabolome of children reporting current asthma vs. healthy controls according to partial least squares discriminant analysis. However, several metabolites were associated with odds of current asthma at a nominally significant threshold (P < .05), including a metabolite of nicotinamide (N1‐Methyl‐2‐pyridone‐5‐carboxamide (Odds Ratio (OR) = 2.8 (95% CI 1.1‐8.0)), a pyrimidine metabolite (5,6‐dihydrothymine (OR = 0.4 (95% CI 0.2‐0.9)), bile constituents (biliverdin (OR = 0.4 (95%CI 0.1‐0.9), taurocholate (OR = 2.0 (95% CI 1.2‐3.4)), two peptides likely derived from fibrinopeptide A (ORs from 1.6 to 1.7), and a gut microbiome metabolite (p‐cresol sulphate OR = 0.5 (95% CI 0.2‐0.9)). The associations for N1‐Methyl‐2‐pyridone‐5‐carboxamide and p‐cresol sulphate replicated in the independent VDAART population (one‐sided P values = .03‐.04).Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceCurrent asthma is nominally associated with altered levels of several metabolites, including metabolites in the nicotinamide pathway, and a bacterial metabolite derived from the gut microbiome.