bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Future of FDI: Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals 2030 through Impact Investment
Authors: Suehrer Juri 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPublicized as a global call for action in 2015, the United Nations General Assembly passed a resolution on the Sustainable Development Goals 2030 (SDGs). Before issuing the SDGs in 2015, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) has already identified in 2014, as part of their World Investment Report, that especially developing countries are facing an estimated USD 2.5 trillion funding gap annually in the efforts to achieve the SDGs. Yet, the investment opportunities and challenges for investors, when contributing to the closure of this funding gap while benefiting from its economic potential have not been widely discussed. Despite that Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) are a key driver to sustainable economic growth and prosperity of a nation, policies and a holistic framework linking the 2030 Agenda to actionable investment opportunities for private investors are missing. Furthermore, a global platform capturing, channeling and promoting investment projects aiming to achieve the SDGs through impact investment has not been established. Utilizing global financial resources more effectively while developing new approaches and tools to promote impact investments, which demonstrate the benefits for investors to tap into the funding gap of the 2030 Agenda, will have the potential to significantly shape and influence the future of FDI.
Dos and Don'ts in Export Transactions: A Practitioner's Guide for SMEs?
Authors: Oberle Claudia , Ponterlitschek Lars 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBeing successful in export business transactions constitutes a great challenge for export newcomers. Entering a new foreign market, export newcomers must take into consideration many additional risks and pitfalls even if they are world‐class in their technology field in their domestic market. Besides the knowledge of common risks and pitfalls, experience in international project management is a must!Good contracts are to be carefully drafted, especially key project execution issues like timeschedules, starting point of deadlines, scope of supplies and services and its limits. If this is properly done, contracts may be used like a checklist for project execution and help the exporter to provide evidence on their contractual performance at any stage.Besides project execution topics, financial risk management has to be taken into account. Although – very hopefully ‐ not needed, legal / legal enforcement issues need to be drafted equally cautiously. Small and medium‐sized companies are well advised to organize expertise and support, if needed.
Neuronal p38α mediates age‐associated neural stem cell exhaustion and cognitive decline
Authors: Moreno‐Cugnon Leire , Revuelta Miren , Arrizabalaga Olatz , Colie Sandra , Moreno‐Valladares Manuel , Jimenez‐Blasco Daniel , Gil‐Bea Francisco , Llarena Irantzu , Bolaños Juan Pedro , Nebreda Angel R. , Matheu Ander 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNeuronal activity regulates cognition and neural stem cell (NSC) function. The molecular pathways limiting neuronal activity during aging remain largely unknown. In this work, we show that p38MAPK activity increases in neurons with age. By using mice expressing p38α‐lox and CamkII‐Cre alleles (p38α∆‐N), we demonstrate that genetic deletion of p38α in neurons suffices to reduce age‐associated elevation of p38MAPK activity, neuronal loss and cognitive decline. Moreover, aged p38α∆‐N mice present elevated numbers of NSCs in the hippocampus and the subventricular zone. These results reveal novel roles for neuronal p38MAPK in age‐associated NSC exhaustion and cognitive decline.
Voluntary Chronic Heavy Alcohol Consumption in Male Rhesus Macaques Suppresses Cancellous Bone Formation and Increases Bone Marrow Adiposity
Authors: Kahler‐Quesada Arianna M. , Grant Kathleen A. , Walter Nicole A. R. , Newman Natali , Allen Matthew R. , Burr David B. , Branscum Adam J. , Maddalozzo Gianni F. , Turner Russell T. , Iwaniec Urszula T. 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundChronic heavy alcohol consumption is an established risk factor for bone fracture, but comorbidities associated with alcohol intake may contribute to increased fracture rates in alcohol abusers. To address the specific effects of alcohol on bone, we used a nonhuman primate model and evaluated voluntary alcohol consumption on: (i) global markers of bone turnover in blood and (ii) cancellous bone mass, density, microarchitecture, turnover, and microdamage in lumbar vertebra.MethodsFollowing a 4‐month induction period, 6‐year‐old male rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta, n = 13) voluntarily self‐administered water or ethanol (EtOH; 4% w/v) for 22 h/d, 7 d/wk, for a total of 12 months. Control animals (n = 9) consumed an isocaloric maltose–dextrin solution. Tetracycline hydrochloride was administered orally 17 and 3 days prior to sacrifice to label mineralizing bone surfaces. Global skeletal response to EtOH was evaluated by measuring plasma osteocalcin and carboxyterminal collagen cross‐links (CTX). Local response was evaluated in lumbar vertebra using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry, microcomputed tomography, static and dynamic histomorphometry, and histological assessment of microdamage.ResultsMonkeys in the EtOH group consumed an average of 2.8 ± 0.2 (mean ± SE) g/kg/d of EtOH (30 ± 2% of total calories), resulting in an average blood EtOH concentration of 88.3 ± 8.8 mg/dl 7 hours after the session onset. Plasma CTX and osteocalcin tended to be lower in EtOH‐consuming monkeys compared to controls. Significant differences in bone mineral density in lumbar vertebrae 1 to 4 were not detected with treatment. However, cancellous bone volume fraction (in cores biopsied from the central region of the third vertebral body) was lower in EtOH‐consuming monkeys compared to controls. Furthermore, EtOH‐consuming monkeys had lower osteoblast perimeter and mineralizing perimeter, no significant difference in osteoclast perimeter, and higher bone marrow adiposity than controls. No significant differences between groups were detected in microcrack density (2nd lumbar vertebra).ConclusionsVoluntary chronic heavy EtOH consumption reduces cancellous bone formation in lumbar vertebra by decreasing osteoblast‐lined bone perimeter, a response associated with an increase in bone marrow adiposity.
Concordance of Self‐ and Partner‐Reported Alcohol Consumption Among Couples Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence in Zambia
Authors: Kane Jeremy C. , Murray Sarah M. , Vinikoor Michael J. , Greene M. Claire , Fine Shoshanna L. , Paul Ravi , Murray Laura K. 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundHazardous alcohol use is a predictor of intimate partner violence (IPV), and both are increasingly prevalent in sub‐Saharan Africa. The accurate measurement of alcohol consumption is therefore critical in IPV intervention studies that target hazardous drinking. Collecting a collateral report in addition to self‐report is one convergent validity approach to improve alcohol measurement. We investigated concordance between self‐ and partner‐reported alcohol use among women who reported recent IPV and their male partners in Zambia.MethodsData were from the baseline of a randomized IPV intervention trial of 247 heterosexual couples in which a woman has reported recent IPV and her male partner has recent hazardous alcohol use. Both partners completed the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) in reference to their own drinking and in reference to their partner's drinking. We calculated percent agreement across a range of outcomes: any use, quantity, frequency, and hazardous use. We also compared self‐ and partner‐reported AUDIT scores using t‐tests.ResultsConcordance was poor across most outcomes. Percent agreement with respect to the women's drinking ranged from 60% to 65% across outcomes and with respect to the men's drinking from 51% to 89%. Women's average partner‐reported AUDIT score (20.7) was statistically significantly (p < 0.0001) higher than men's average self‐reported score (15.8).ConclusionsIn contrast to collateral report studies conducted in the United States, concordance between self‐ and partner‐reported alcohol consumption was poor among families experiencing IPV in Zambia. Given the possible biases associated with self‐reported alcohol use, findings suggest that a convergent validity approach is useful in this research context.
Measuring Trade Profile with Granular Product‐Level Data
Authors: Kim In Song , Liao Steven , Imai Kosuke 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe product composition of bilateral trade encapsulates complex relationships about comparative advantage, global production networks, and domestic politics. Despite the availability of product‐level trade data, most researchers rely on either the total volume of trade or certain sets of aggregated products. In this article, we develop a new dynamic clustering method to effectively summarize this massive amount of product‐level information. The proposed method classifies a set of dyads into several clusters based on their similarities in trade profile—the product composition of imports and exports—and captures the evolution of the resulting clusters over time. We apply this method to two billion observations of product‐level annual trade flows. We show how typical dyadic trade relationships evolve from sparse trade to interindustry trade and then to intra‐industry trade. Finally, we illustrate the critical roles of our trade profile measure in international relations research on trade competition.
Automated diagnosis and quantitative analysis of plus disease in retinopathy of prematurity based on deep convolutional neural networks
Authors: Mao Jianbo , Luo Yuhao , Liu Lei , Lao Jimeng , Shao Yirun , Zhang Min , Zhang Caiyun , Sun Mingzhai , Shen Lijun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to develop an automated diagnosis and quantitative analysis system for plus disease. The system provides a diagnostic decision but also performs quantitative analysis of the typical pathological features of the disease, which helps the physicians to make the best judgement and communicate the decisions.MethodsThe deep learning network provided segmentation of the retinal vessels and the optic disc (OD). Based on the vessel segmentation, plus disease was classified and tortuosity, width, fractal dimension and vessel density were evaluated automatically.ResultsThe trained network achieved a sensitivity of 95.1% with 97.8% specificity for the diagnosis of plus disease. For detection of preplus or worse, the sensitivity and specificity were 92.4% and 97.4%. The quadratic weighted k was 0.9244. The tortuosities for the normal, preplus and plus groups were 3.61 ± 0.08, 5.95 ± 1.57 and 10.67 ± 0.50 (104 cm−3). The widths of the blood vessels were 63.46 ± 0.39, 67.21 ± 0.70 and 68.89 ± 0.75 μm. The fractal dimensions were 1.18 ± 0.01, 1.22 ± 0.01 and 1.26 ± 0.02. The vessel densities were 1.39 ± 0.03, 1.60 ± 0.01 and 1.64 ± 0.09 (%). All values were statistically different among the groups. After treatment for plus disease with ranibizumab injection, quantitative analysis showed significant changes in the pathological features.ConclusionsOur system achieved high accuracy of diagnosis of plus disease in retinopathy of prematurity. It provided a quantitative analysis of the dynamic features of the disease progression. This automated system can assist physicians by providing a classification decision with auxiliary quantitative evaluation of the typical pathological features of the disease.
Novel role of Tieg1 in muscle metabolism and mitochondrial oxidative capacities
Authors: Kammoun Malek , Piquereau Jerome , Nadal‐Desbarats Lydie , Même Sandra , Beuvin Maud , Bonne Gisèle , Veksler Vladimir , Le Fur Yann , Pouletaut Philippe , Même William , Szeremeta Frederic , Constans Jean‐Marc , Bruinsma Elizabeth S. , Nelson Holte Molly H. , Najafova Zeynab , Johnsen Steven A. , Subramaniam Malayannan , Hawse John R. , Bensamoun Sabine F. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimTieg1 is involved in multiple signalling pathways, human diseases, and is highly expressed in muscle where its functions are poorly understood.MethodsWe have utilized Tieg1 knockout (KO) mice to identify novel and important roles for this transcription factor in regulating muscle ultrastructure, metabolism and mitochondrial functions in the soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles. RNA sequencing, immunoblotting, transmission electron microscopy, MRI, NMR, histochemical and mitochondrial function assays were performed.ResultsLoss of Tieg1 expression resulted in altered sarcomere organization and a significant decrease in mitochondrial number. Histochemical analyses demonstrated an absence of succinate dehydrogenase staining and a decrease in cytochrome c oxidase (COX) enzyme activity in KO soleus with similar, but diminished, effects in the EDL. Decreased complex I, COX and citrate synthase (CS) activities were detected in the soleus muscle of KO mice indicating altered mitochondrial function. Complex I activity was also diminished in KO EDL. Significant decreases in CS and respiratory chain complex activities were identified in KO soleus. 1H‐NMR spectra revealed no significant metabolic difference between wild‐type and KO muscles. However, 31P spectra revealed a significant decrease in phosphocreatine and ATPγ. Altered expression of 279 genes, many of which play roles in mitochondrial and muscle function, were identified in KO soleus muscle. Ultimately, all of these changes resulted in an exercise intolerance phenotype in Tieg1 KO mice.ConclusionOur findings have implicated novel roles for Tieg1 in muscle including regulation of gene expression, metabolic activity and organization of tissue ultrastructure. This muscle phenotype resembles diseases associated with exercise intolerance and myopathies of unknown consequence.
Effect of Genetic and Nongenetic Factors on the Clinical Response to Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonist Therapy in Egyptians with Heart Failure
Authors: Sarhan Neven M. , Shahin Mohamed H. , El Rouby Nihal M. , El‐Wakeel Lamia M. , Solayman Mohamed H. , Langaee Taimour , Khorshid Hazem , Schaalan Mona F. , Sabri Nagwa A. , Cavallari Larisa H. 
Published: September 2019

This prospective cohort study evaluated the association between the renin angiotensin aldosterone system genotypes and response to spironolactone in 155 Egyptian patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Genotype frequencies for AGT rs699 were: CC = 16%, CT = 48%, and TT = 36%. Frequencies for CYP11B2 rs1799998 were: TT = 33%, TC = 50%, and CC = 17%. After 6 months of spironolactone treatment, change in the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) differed by AGT rs699 (CC, 14.6%; TC, 7.9%; TT, 2.7%; P = 2.1E‐26), and CYP11B2 rs1799998 (TT, 9.1%; TC, 8.7%; CC, 1.4%; P = 0.0006) genotypes. Multivariate linear regression showed that the AGT rs699 and CYP11B2 rs1799998 polymorphisms plus baseline serum potassium explained 71% of variability in LVEF improvement (P = 0.001), 63% of variability in serum potassium increase (P = 2.25E‐08), and 39% of the variability in improvement in quality of life (P = 2.3E‐04) with spironolactone therapy. These data suggest that AGT and CYP11B2 genotypes as well as baseline serum K are predictors of spironolactone response in HFrEF.
What Determines China's Grain Imports and Self‐sufficiency? The Role of Rising Domestic Costs and Varying World Market Prices
Authors: Yu Wusheng , Li Tianxiang , Zhu Jing 
Published: September 2019

AbstractChina's grain sectors have faced unprecedented challenges in recent years as the ever‐increasing and historically high level of grain output has failed to reduce grain imports. On the contrary, high grain imports and high domestic stock have accompanied historically high domestic output, a situation dubbed the “triple high” phenomenon in current policy discussion. This paper explores the role of widening domestic–world market price gaps in determining the triple high phenomenon. Unlike earlier studies that relied on production capacities, this paper argues that domestic production and demand (hence imports) are functions of domestic and world market prices and proposes an analytical framework to explicitly capture such price gaps under restricted trade linkages in general equilibrium. Following this approach, a set of price scenarios for the 2011–2020 period are constructed and simulated in a computable general equilibrium model. Results from the core scenarios, in which recent domestic and world market price trends are assumed to continue, suggest that further widening price gaps would substantially increase grain imports and reduce domestic output (by 60 million tons) and self‐sufficiency ratios from base levels. In the alternative scenarios with larger (smaller) price gaps, we find higher (lower) imports and larger (smaller) decreases in domestic output and self‐sufficiency ratios. Such results provide important policy implications as China's agricultural policy undergoes significant adjustment.
Difference in pressure‐formed mouthguard thickness according to the laminate procedure
Authors: Mizuhashi Fumi , Koide Kaoru 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimMouthguard thickness influences the preventive effects against dental and oral injury. The aim of this study was to examine the difference in pressure‐formed mouthguard thickness according to the laminate procedure used.Materials and methodsThe materials used were mouthguard sheets of 2.0‐mm and 3.0‐mm ethylene vinyl acetate, and pressure formed using a pressure former. Two forming conditions for laminated mouthguards were examined: the condition 23P used the 2.0‐mm sheet as the first layer and 3.0‐mm sheet as the second layer. The condition 32P used the 3.0‐mm sheet as the first layer and 2.0‐mm sheet as the second layer. The first layer was trimmed to cover only the anterior region; then, the second layer was formed over the first layer. Mouthguard thickness was measured at the labial surface of the central incisor, buccal surface of the first molar, and occlusal surface of the first molar. Statistical analysis was performed by two‐way analysis of variance and Bonferroni method to analyze the differences in thickness by measurement region of mouthguards and forming conditions.ResultsMouthguard thickness differed in different regions of the central incisors and the first molars (P < .01). The thickness at the labial surface of the central incisor became statistically significantly larger on the 32P condition than that on the 23P condition (P < .01). The thickness at the buccal surface and the occlusal surface of the first molar became statistically significantly larger on the 23P condition than that on the 32P condition (P < .01).ConclusionsThe thicknesses of the labial surface of the central incisor became larger when the sheet thickness of the first layer was larger.
Novel Medications for the Treatment of Migraine
Authors: Ceriani Claire E. J. , Wilhour Danielle A. , Silberstein Stephen D. 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveTo describe the new classes of medication for headache management and their roles in clinical practice.BackgroundCalcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) is a key component in the underlying pathophysiology of migraine. Research focused on targeting CGRP for headache treatment has led to the development of entirely new classes of medications – the gepants and the CGRP monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) – for both acute and preventive treatment. A third class, the ditans, is being developed to target the 5‐HT1Freceptor to provide acute treatment without vasoconstrictive effects.MethodsThis article reviews the pathophysiology of migraine that has led to these new pharmacologic developments. Available information from randomized controlled trials, abstracts, press releases, and relevant preclinical studies is summarized for each class of medications.ResultsAt the time of this writing, one ditan has been submitted to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for approval. One gepant is anticipated to be submitted within the first quarter of 2019, and others are in clinical trials. Three CGRP mAbs have been FDA approved and are now available in clinical practice, and a fourth was submitted in the first quarter of 2019.ConclusionsThe development of new migraine‐specific classes of medications provides more treatment options for both acute and preventive treatment of migraine.
Reduced Visual Quality of Life Associated with Migraine is Most Closely Correlated with Symptoms of Dry Eye
Authors: Ozudogru Seniha , Neufeld Anastasia , Katz Bradley J. , Baggaley Susan , Pippitt Karly , Zhang Yue , Digre Kathleen B. 
Published: September 2019

Background and ObjectivePatients with migraine frequently report ocular or visual symptoms including aura, photophobia, and eye pain. Using validated instruments, our group previously reported that due to these symptoms, patients have marked reductions in visual quality of life. In chronic migraine, these reductions can be as substantial as those reported for other neuro‐ophthalmic diseases such as multiple sclerosis with optic neuritis and idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Because the instruments take several different dimensions into account, we were unable to determine which ocular symptom(s) contributed to reduced visual quality of life. The purpose of this investigation was to attempt to determine which ocular symptom(s) were driving the observed reduction in visual quality of life.MethodsWe designed a cross‐sectional survey‐based study to assess visual quality of life, headache impact, aura, dry eye, and photophobia in migraine patients. Subjects were recruited from the Headache Clinic and General Neurology Clinic at a tertiary teaching hospital. Subjects completed validated questionnaires including: The visual functioning questionnaire‐25 (VFQ‐25), the headache impact test (HIT‐6), the visual aura rating scale (VARS), the ocular surface disease index (OSDI), and the Utah photophobia score (UPSIS‐17). Associations between VFQ‐25 and OSDI, VFQ‐25 and VARS, VFQ‐25 and UPSIS‐17, HIT‐6 and OSDI, HIT‐6 and VARS, and HIT‐6 and UPSIS‐17 were calculated.ResultsOf the 62 patients who completed all questionnaires, 17 had episodic migraine and 45 had chronic migraine. Twenty‐three patients experienced aura and 39 did not report aura. The most striking correlations were observed between the VFQ‐25 and the OSDI (−0.678; P < .001), between the HIT‐6 and UPSIS‐17 (0.489; P < .001), and between the HIT‐6 and OSDI (0.453; P < .001).ConclusionsDry eye seems to be the most important symptom that reduces visual quality of life and worsens headache impact. This symptom may be a form of allodynia, a well‐known feature of chronic migraine. Photophobia appears to have modest effects on headache impact. In the future, we hope to determine whether treatment of dry eye symptoms can improve visual quality of life and reduce headache impact.