bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relation between infant freezing and the development of internalizing symptoms in adolescence: A prospective longitudinal study
Authors: Niermann Hannah C. M. , Tyborowska Anna , Cillessen Antonius H. N. , van Donkelaar Marjolein M. , Lammertink Femke , Gunnar Megan R. , Franke Barbara , Figner Bernd , Roelofs Karin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractGiven the long‐lasting detrimental effects of internalizing symptoms, there is great need for detecting early risk markers. One promising marker is freezing behavior. Whereas initial freezing reactions are essential for coping with threat, prolonged freezing has been associated with internalizing psychopathology. However, it remains unknown whether early life alterations in freezing reactions predict changes in internalizing symptoms during adolescent development. In a longitudinal study (N = 116), we tested prospectively whether observed freezing in infancy predicted the development of internalizing symptoms from childhood through late adolescence (until age 17). Both longer and absent infant freezing behavior during a standard challenge (robot‐confrontation task) were associated with internalizing symptoms in adolescence. Specifically, absent infant freezing predicted a relative increase in internalizing symptoms consistently across development from relatively low symptom levels in childhood to relatively high levels in late adolescence. Longer infant freezing also predicted a relative increase in internalizing symptoms, but only up until early adolescence. This latter effect was moderated by peer stress and was followed by a later decrease in internalizing symptoms. The findings suggest that early deviations in defensive freezing responses signal risk for internalizing symptoms and may constitute important markers in future stress vulnerability and resilience studies.
Medial gastrocnemius volume and echo‐intensity after botulinum neurotoxin A interventions in children with spastic cerebral palsy
Authors: Schless Simon‐Henri , Cenni Francesco , Bar‐On Lynn , Hanssen Britta , Kalkman Barbara , O'brien Thomas , Aertbeliën Erwin , Van Campenhout Anja , Molenaers Guy , Desloovere Kaat 
Published: October 2018

AimThis cross‐sectional investigation evaluated whether recurrent botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT‐A) interventions to the medial gastrocnemius have an influence on muscle morphology, beyond Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level.MethodA cohort of typically developing children (n=67; 43 males, 24 females; median age 9y 11mo [range 7y 10mo–11y 6mo]), a cohort of children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP) naive to BoNT‐A interventions (No‐BoNT‐A; n=19; 10 males, nine females; median age 9y 3mo [range 8y 5mo–10y 10mo]) and a cohort of children with spastic CP with a minimum of three recurrent BoNT‐A interventions to the medial gastrocnemius (BoNT‐A; n=19; 13 males, six females; median age 9y 8mo [range 7y 3mo–10y 7mo]) were recruited. Three‐dimensional freehand ultrasound was used to estimate medial gastrocnemius volume normalized to body mass and echo‐intensity.ResultsNormalized medial gastrocnemius volume and echo‐intensity significantly differed between the two spastic CP cohorts (p≤0.05), with the BoNT‐A cohort having larger alterations. Associations between normalized medial gastrocnemius volume and echo‐intensity were highest in the No‐BoNT‐A cohort, followed by the BoNT‐A cohort. Multiple regression analyses revealed that both GMFCS level and BoNT‐A intervention history were significantly associated with smaller normalized medial gastrocnemius volume and higher echo‐intensity.InterpretationRecurrent BoNT‐A interventions may induce alterations to medial gastrocnemius volume and echo‐intensity beyond the natural history of the spastic CP pathology.What this paper adds

In spastic cerebral palsy, medial gastrocnemius volumes are smaller and echo‐intensities higher compared with typical development.

Alterations after botulinum neurotoxin A intervention (BoNT‐A) are larger than in no BoNT‐A intervention.

Gross Motor Function Classification System level and BoNT‐A history significantly associate with medial gastrocnemius and echo‐intensity alterations.
Developing a foot ulcer risk model: what is needed to do this in a real‐world primary care setting?
Authors: Heald A. , Lunt M. , Rutter M. K. , Anderson S. G. , Cortes G. , Edmonds M. , Jude E. , Boulton A. , Dunn G. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimTo determine how routinely collected data can inform a risk model to predict de novo foot ulcer presentation in the primary care setting.MethodsData were available on 15 727 individuals without foot ulcers and 1125 individuals with new foot ulcers over a 12‐year follow‐up in UK primary care. We examined known risk factors and added putative risk factors in our logistic model.ResultsPeople with foot ulcers were 4.2 years older (95% CI 3.1–5.2) than those without, and had higher HbA1c % (mean 7.9 ± 1.9 vs 7.5 ± 1.7) / HbA1c mmol/mol (63 ± 21 vs 59 ± 19) (p<0.0001) concentration [+0.45 (95% CI 0.33–0.56), creatinine level [+6.9 μmol/L (95% CI 4.1–9.8)] and Townsend score [+0.055 (95% CI 0.033–0.077)]. Absence of monofilament sensation was more common in people with foot ulcers (28% vs 21%; P<0.0001), as was absence of foot pulses (6.4% vs 4.8%; P=0.017). There was no difference between people with or without foot ulcers in smoking status, gender, history of stroke or foot deformity, although foot deformity was extremely rare (0.4% in people with foot ulcers, 0.6% in people without foot ulcers). Combining risk factors in a single logistic regression model gave modest predictive power, with an area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve of 0.65 (95% CI 0.62–0.67). The prevalence of ulceration in the bottom decile of risk was 1.8% and in the top decile it was 13.4% (compared with an overall prevalence of 6.5%); thus, the presence of all six risk factors gave a relative risk of 7.4 for development of a foot ulcer over 12 years.ConclusionWe have made some progress towards defining a variable set that can be used to create a foot ulcer prediction model. More accurate determination of foot deformity/pedal circulation in primary care may improve the predictive value of such a future risk model, as will identification of additional risk variables.
Dentists′ knowledge of dental trauma based on the International Association of Dental Traumatology guidelines: A survey in South Brazil
Authors: Hartmann Rafael Chies , Rossetti Bárbara Romagna , Siqueira Pinheiro Lucas , Poli de Figueiredo José Antonio , Rossi‐Fedele Giampiero , S. Gomes Maximiliano , Gutierrez de Borba Maristela 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackground/AimDental trauma is a public health issue with a high prevalence in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of knowledge of dentists in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, of the management of traumatic dental injuries, using the International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) Guidelines as a reference.Materials and MethodsAn electronic questionnaire investigating personal and professional characteristics and 12 questions about dento‐alveolar trauma, was sent to all registered dentists of the Regional Council of Dentistry of Rio Grande do Sul (n=14 753). The respondents were grouped according to the sociodemographic and professional profiles and the data were evaluated by the Student‐T test or one‐way ANOVA, with Tukey's post‐hoc, with α = 5%.ResultsA total of 1414 dentists responded to the survey (9.59% response rate). The overall mean self‐reported knowledge of dental trauma was 5.87 ± 1.57, of a maximum possible score of 12. Some factors associated with a higher knowledge of the IADT guidelines were: female gender, previous clinical experience, years from qualification, self‐reported knowledge, and academic postgraduate degree. Dentists who are specialized in endodontics (6.58 ± 1.63) and pediatric dentistry (6.05 ± 1.44) achieved higher levels of knowledge on dental trauma. Analysis of the characteristics (gender, location, and proportion of specialists) of the respondents confirmed that they were representative of the target population.ConclusionThe overall level of knowledge of dentists from Rio Grande do Sul of the IADT guidelines is moderate. These results highlight the need for continuing education on dento‐alveolar trauma in this population.
ECVET and ECTS credit equivalency in higher education – A bridge too far?
Authors: Ryan Cathal , Bergin Michael , Titze Sylvia , Ruf Wolfgang , Kunz Stefan , Wells John S. G. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe implementation within Europe of a credit system for vocational education and training known as ECVET is a European Commission priority. The potential for permeability between the ECVET and European Credit Transfer and accumulation System (ECTS) was foreseen in the Recommendation to establish ECVET in 2009, while the Bruges Communique of 2010 called for the promotion of flexible links between vocational and higher education and increased coherence between ECVET and ECTS. To this end a significant number of EU‐funded projects were undertaken to explore compatibility between ECVET and ECTS. This article reviews the findings of these projects and reflects on their success in terms of achieving this policy goal. These bridging projects identified several points of compatibility between the two credit systems and produced valuable tools and frameworks to facilitate such permeability. Achieving credit equivalency between ECVET and ECTS does not appear feasible, rather the evidence points to using a learning outcomes‐based equivalency framework. However, this article calls into question the sustainability of these project results with regard to the lack of success in translating these findings into practice and the lack of co‐ordinated efforts to implement these findings at a national or pan European level.
Dimethyl fumarate and teriflunomide for multiple sclerosis in a real‐life setting: a French retrospective cohort study
Authors: Condé S. , Moisset X. , Pereira B. , Zuel M. , Colamarino R. , Maillet‐Vioud M. , Lauxerois M. , Taithe F. , Clavelou P. ,   the Réseau NeuroSEP Auvergne
Published: October 2018

Background and purposeDimethyl fumarate (DMF) and teriflunomide are approved oral disease‐modifying treatments for relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis (MS). Phase 3 trials established these agents to be effective and generally well tolerated, although comparative efficacy and discontinuation rates are still unknown. The aim of this study was to assess real‐world efficacy and discontinuation of DMF and teriflunomide in patients with relapsing‐remitting MS.MethodsThis retrospective observational cohort study was carried out in a French administrative region between March 2014 and July 2017. Patients who were followed by private or hospital neurologists were included. Efficacy and tolerance of the two treatments were assessed and compared by multivariate analysis, considering the duration of MS, annualized relapse rate and Expanded Disability Status Scale score at treatment initiation, treatment duration, type of prescriber and tobacco use.ResultsWe identified 189 DMF‐ and 157 teriflunomide‐treated patients who had been treated for 22 ± 10 months. After correction for confounders, DMF more efficiently reduced the annualized relapse rate after 2 years than teriflunomide (0.06 vs. 0.21; P = 0.03). DMF‐treated patients had more clinical and biological adverse events, resulting in a higher rate of treatment discontinuation (28% vs. 12%, P = 0.03).ConclusionIn this retrospective cohort study, DMF demonstrated significantly better efficacy over 2 years than teriflunomide, but tolerance to teriflunomide was better.
Albatross/FBF1 contributes to both centriole duplication and centrosome separation
Authors: Inoko Akihito , Yano Tomoki , Miyamoto Tatsuo , Matsuura Shinya , Kiyono Tohru , Goshima Naoki , Inagaki Masaki , Hayashi Yuko 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe centrosome is a small but important organelle that participates in centriole duplication, spindle formation, and ciliogenesis. Each event is regulated by key enzymatic reactions, but how these processes are integrated remains unknown. Recent studies have reported that ciliogenesis is controlled by distal appendage proteins such as FBF1, also known as Albatross. However, the precise role of Albatross in the centrosome cycle, including centriole duplication and centrosome separation, remains to be determined. Here, we report a novel function for Albatross at the proximal ends of centrioles. Using Albatross monospecific antibodies, full‐length constructs, and siRNAs for rescue experiments, we found that Albatross mediates centriole duplication by recruiting HsSAS‐6, a cartwheel protein of centrioles. Moreover, Albatross participates in centrosome separation during mitosis by recruiting Plk1 to residue S348 of Albatross after its phosphorylation. Taken together, our results show that Albatross is a novel protein that spatiotemporally integrates different aspects of centrosome function, namely ciliogenesis, centriole duplication, and centrosome separation.
The Hunted: UDHR and Africans with Albinism
Authors: Nkrumah Bright 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTAcross Africa, persons with albinism continue to be the main casualties of occult killings, yet very little intervention is provided by states to safeguard them from their persecutors. The year 2018 commemorates the 70th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), which entreats governments to protect their citizens from such brutalities. Whereas the Declaration has inspired the adoption of many (international and regional) human rights treaties, all declaring protection for the rights of persons with albinism, it is evident that this group is yet to reap the fruit of the human rights revolution triggered by the UDHR over the last seven decades. The article argues that, although African governments remain the primary custodians of Africans with albinism, the burden of violence often visited on this group constitutes “persecution” under the UDHR and therefore the international community has a role to play in safeguarding this group.
Speaking up or staying silent in bullying situations: the significance of management control
Authors: MacMahon Juliet , O'Sullivan Michelle , Murphy Caroline , Ryan Lorraine , MacCurtain Sarah 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA frequent prescription for providing voice for employees with respect to bullying is a policy supported by a procedural complaint mechanism. Yet research points to a pervasiveness of employee silence in workplaces in situations of workplace bullying. We examine the efficacy of workplace bullying procedures as a voice mechanism for employees in countering bullying and explore the role of management in shaping employee propensity to speak out against bullying utilising procedures. In doing so, we advance knowledge on workplace bullying by using an industrial relations perspective and placing employer control as a conceptual lens. Based on a large survey of nurses in Ireland, the findings demonstrate that managerial actions have significant influence on employees' propensity to utilise bullying procedures. The findings also provide some empirical support for the premise that management seek to use bullying behaviours to constrain employees' contestation of management decision making.
Effect of convective, infrared and microwave heating on drying rates, mass transfer characteristics, milling quality and microstructure of steam gelatinized Paddy
Authors: Behera Gitanjali , Sutar Parag Prakash 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPaddy (var. Sworn Masuri) was dried by hot air (50 °C), infrared hot air (4,185 W m−2 radiation intensity and 40 °C) and microwave rotary drum (0.37, 0.78, and 1.23 kW kg−1 power density) to evaluate the most suitable method of drying. Before drying, the paddy grains were soaked in water (60 °C, 6 h) followed by steaming (200 kPa, 10 min) to gelatinize the starch. The drying rate constants, apparent moisture diffusivity (Da), convective mass transfer coefficient (hm), head rice yield (HRY) and the broken percentage were estimated. The X‐ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of starch granules and outer husk of the dried paddy were carried out. Microwave rotary drum drying (MWD) was found to be faster as compared to hot air drying (HAD) and infrared hot air drying (IRHD). The hm in MWD was found to be 90.76–97.01% higher than HAD and 33.33–78.44% higher than IRHD. The HRY and specific energy consumption in MWD were, respectively, 5.87% and 89.16% lower than HAD. The microwave dried rice showed the lowest crystallinity percentage. The SEM of rice starch obtained by MWD showed cracks and fissures whereas IRHD induced microstructural changes only in paddy husk.Practical applicationsRice is a staple food of 90% Asian population. The parboiled paddy is dried in the open sun (2–3 days) and by hot air (6–9 h) on farms and in the rice industry. These are highly laborious and time‐consuming methods. Therefore, the study was undertaken from industry suggestion to develop a cost‐effective microwave‐assisted drying method for parboiled paddy. The microwave rotary drum drying was found to give similar quality rice compared to hot air with a 90% reduction in specific energy consumption. Therefore, traditional open sun and hot air drying can be replaced by microwave rotary drum to save expenses towards the capital costs, energy, labor, and grain handling.
Satisfaction and Technology Evaluation of a Telehealth Robotic Program to Optimize Healthy Independent Living for Older Adults
Authors: Bakas Tamilyn , Sampsel Debi , Israel Jahmeel , Chamnikar Ameya , Ellard Angela , Clark John Greer , Ulrich Megan Gresham , Vanderelst Dieter 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackground and PurposeWith the growth in the aging population, and shortage of primary care providers, telehealth programs are needed to optimize healthy independent living for older adults. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a nurse‐led intervention program delivered through a telepresence robot to promote healthy lifestyles and address chronic illness management among older adults living independently in a retirement community. Telepresence robots provide two‐way video‐mediated communication with remote in‐home navigation.Design and MethodsSatisfaction and technology evaluation ratings of the Telehealth Community Health Assistance Team (T‐CHAT) program, as well as qualitative data from open‐ended questions, were obtained from 26 older adults and 7 nurse practitioner students.FindingsOn a scale from 1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree, satisfaction ratings were positive for usefulness (M = 3.90), ease of use (M = 4.16), and acceptability (M = 4.06). Technology evaluation ratings were high for all sessions (M = 4.35). Older adults and nurse practitioner students were highly complementary of the program. Areas for improvement were identified.ConclusionsThe T‐CHAT program demonstrated high ratings for satisfaction (usefulness, ease of use, acceptability) and for evaluation of the telepresence robot technology. Further refinement of the T‐CHAT program is warranted, as is testing outcomes of this potentially viable mode of healthcare delivery.Clinical RelevanceRobotics is the wave of the future and provides an innovative mode of delivery to address health promotion and chronic illness management in older adults. Satisfaction and technology evaluation of robotic technology is paramount prior to implementation of such programs into practice.
Conflict, Complicity, and Challenges: Reflections on the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission Health Sector Hearing
Authors: Wildschut Glenda , Mayers Pat M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPurposeThis article describes the work of the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) in examining the role of the health sector in human rights violations in the protracted conflicts during apartheid.Organizing ConstructThe enabling legislation contained in the Promotion of National Healing and Reconciliation Act of 1995 allowed for in‐depth examination of violations and complicity in human rights abuses. We provide an overview of the process of the public hearings, soliciting submissions, examining evidence of abuse, personal testimony of conflict in situations of dual accountability, and ultimately the recommendations made by the TRC. The article also outlines the responses of various health professional training institutions to the TRC's recommendations, the implementation of university health and human rights courses, and some current challenges post‐TRC.ConclusionsThe health sector hearings of the TRC provided a window into the structural unequal access, racial discrimination, prejudice, and abuse in the health services under the apartheid regime. Examination of past violations perpetrated by an abusive regime and by those such as health workers operating in such a system is imperative to ensure that these abuses are not repeated in the future.Clinical RelevanceIn delivering comprehensive, compassionate, and ethical care, healthcare professionals have accountability to respect and promote the human rights of their patients. Training in human rights and its relationship to health should be incorporated into all health professional programs.
Functional myology of the thoracic limb in Pampas fox (Lycalopex gymnocercus): a descriptive and comparative analysis
Authors: de Souza Junior Paulo , Santos Lucas Mucci Richter Pereira dos , Viotto‐Souza Wilson , de Carvalho Natan da Cruz , Souza Erick Candiota , Kasper Carlos Benhur , Abidu‐Figueiredo Marcelo , Santos André Luiz Quagliatto 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe characteristics of the muscles of the thoracic limb were evaluated in 22 specimens of Lycalopex gymnocercus. Descriptive and comparative analyses showed similarity with other canids in terms of topography and tendon insertions. Differences with the domestic dog were observed in the pectoralis profundus, triceps brachii and interflexorii muscles. Intraspecific variations were observed in the rhomboideus capitis, serratus ventralis cervicis, extensor carpi radialis, extensor digiti I and II, lumbricales, flexor digiti I brevis, abductor digiti I brevis, and flexor digiti V muscles. The analyses of muscle architecture carried out in nine specimens showed that there was no difference in muscle percentage mass in the thoracic limb of males and females, but a young specimen showed significant lower percentage mass. The triceps brachii caput longus muscle showed the greatest mass, the subscapularis muscle showed the greatest physiological cross‐sectional area value, and the extrinsic muscles, in general, presented the longest fascicles and higher architectural indexes. Muscle architecture data were compatible with those of a thoracic limb adapted to fast cursorial locomotion that prioritizes movements in a sagittal plane instead of rotation or adduction/abduction. There was a high association between functional percentage mass of the muscles in the thoracic limb and phylogeny in the Carnivora order. It may be inferred that carnivoran muscle mass is largely determined by phylogeny.