bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Causes of Death in Patients with Venous Thromboembolism Anticoagulated with Direct Oral Anticoagulants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Terleira-Fernández Ana , Lecumberri Ramón , Suárez-Gea Mª , Calvo-Rojas Gonzalo , Vargas-Castrillón Emilio , Gómez-Outes Antonio 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDeath is more frequent than nonfatal recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) and major bleeding after acute VTE. The analysis of the causes of death is fundamental to explore new strategies to reduce mortality rates in these patients. The authors performed a meta-analysis to analyze mortality and independently adjudicated causes of death in anticoagulated patients due to VTE, and to evaluate potential differences between different anticoagulant schemes. They searched MEDLINE and CENTRAL, from January 1, 2000, to January 31, 2017, and performed additional searches in Web sites of regulatory agencies, clinical trial registers, and conference proceedings. Two investigators independently selected studies and extracted the data. Study quality was assessed with the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing the risk of bias in randomized studies. Seven prospective randomized trials in 29,844 patients (22,025 patient-year follow-up) were included, comparing dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban with the standard anticoagulant treatment of VTE. A total of 718 patients died during the follow-up (3.4% per year; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.3–4.8). The most frequent causes of death were cancer (42%), followed by VTE (20%), infections (13%), hemorrhage (6%), heart disease (4%), and stroke (2%). There were no differences in the overall survival and causes of death according to the anticoagulant type. Concomitant active cancer during the study was significantly associated with death (odds ratio: 15.2; 95% CI: 9.2–25.1). Cancer is the leading cause of death in contemporary VTE trials. Interventions beyond anticoagulation, particularly in patients with active cancer, are needed.
Factors Associated with Stillbirth Autopsy in Georgia and Utah, 2010–2014: The Importance of Delivery Location
Authors: Forsberg Kaitlin , Silver Robert , Christiansen-Lindquist Lauren 
Published: May 2018

Objective This article determines whether demographic, delivery, and medical factors are associated with stillbirth autopsy performance in Georgia and Utah.
Study Design This study used fetal death certificates from 2010 to 2014 to determine which factors are associated with stillbirth autopsy performance in Georgia and Utah. Analyses were conducted using logistic regression with a predicted margins approach.
Results The stillbirth autopsy rate was low in both states: 11.9% in Georgia (N = 5,610) and 23.9% in Utah (N = 1,425). In Utah, the autopsy rate significantly declined during the study period (p = 0.01). Stillbirths delivered outside of large metropolitan areas were less likely to receive an autopsy (medium/small metropolitans: prevalence ratioGA [PR] = 0.57, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.48–0.68 and PRUT = 0.48, CI: 0.38–0.59; nonmetropolitans: PRGA = 0.57, CI: 0.43–0.75 and PRUT = 0.37, CI: 0.21–0.63). In Georgia, autopsies were less common among stillbirths of Hispanic (vs. white) women (PR = 0.57, CI: 0.41–0.79), at earlier (vs. later) gestational ages (PR = 0.59, CI: 0.51–0.69), and of multiple birth pregnancies (PR = 0.71, CI: 0.53–0.96).
Conclusion Despite strong evidence supporting the value of stillbirth autopsies, autopsy rates were low, especially outside metropolitan areas, where approximately half of stillbirths were delivered.
Isolated Systemic Supply to Normal Lung—A Rare Cause for Hemoptysis (A Case Report with Review of Literature)
Authors: Rajagopal Rengarajan , Gulati Gurpreet 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe authors report the case of a 23-year-old man with hemoptysis who had an abnormal retrocardiac opacity in the medial aspect of the left lower lobe on a chest radiograph. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) revealed anomalous systemic arterial supply to the left lower lobe with absence of pulmonary arterial branches to the involved lung. The patient underwent successful transarterial embolization of the systemic supply without any complications. Follow-up imaging showed persistent complete thrombosis of the artery. He recovered with no symptoms at 6 months.
Juvenile Myasthenia gravis
Authors: Della Marina Adela , Schara Ulrike 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungDie autoimmune kindliche und juvenile Myasthenia gravis (JMG) ist bedingt durch die Autoantikörper(Ak)-Bildung gegen die postsynaptische Membran der neuromuskulären Endplatte. Die klinischen Symptome können variabel sein, von der milden okulären Symptomatik bis zu generalisierter Schwäche und respiratorischer Insuffizienz. Die klinische Präsentation und der Verlauf der JMG, insbesondere bei präpubertären Patienten, zeigen Unterschiede im Vergleich zur adulten Form. Eine Manifestation ist schon in den ersten beiden Lebensjahren möglich, in diesem Alter kann der Antikörper-Titer auch bei generalisierten Symptomen nur minimal erhöht sein. Bei den Säuglingen und sehr kleinen Kindern ist bei negativen spezifischen Antikörpern das Vorliegen eines kongenitalen myasthenen Syndroms (CMS) eine wichtige Differenzialdiagnose. Eine frühe Diagnosestellung ist bei bestehenden therapeutischen Möglichkeiten in dieser Patientengruppe wichtig. Wir geben eine Übersicht über klinische Symptome, diagnostische Möglichkeiten sowie medikamentöse und operative Therapie bei Kindern mit JMG.
Off-Label-Use bei Seltenen Erkrankungen (SE): Myasthenia gravis, Lambert-Eaton myasthenisches Syndrom und kongenitale myasthenische Syndrome
Authors: Janzen Rudolf 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungDer Einsatz von Substanzen im Off-Label-Use ist weit verbreitet und mit einem erhöhten Risiko von unerwünschten Arzneimittelwirkungen (UAW) verbunden, zumal wenn die zugrunde liegende Evidenz gering ist. Dies gilt auch für die Behandlung seltener < 5/10 000) Erkrankungen mit verschiedenen myasthenen Syndromen. Die fachlichen Vorgaben für die Indikation eines Off-Label-Use sind in den spezifischen Leitlinien maßgeblich dargelegt, dabei sind die Regulationen des deutschen Gesundheitssystems zu beachten. Basis einer medikamentösen Langzeittherapie ist eine optimierte Standardtherapie, die auf dem Einsatz von Substanzen beruht, die in die Arzneimittel-Richtlinien aufgenommen sind. Die aktuellen Kriterien für die Indikation und die Überwachung eines Off-Label-Einsatzes werden dargestellt. Die Bewertung von besonderen Konstellationen, insbesondere die Therapieresistenz wird analysiert und praktische Hinweise für eine regulatorische Handhabung aufgezeigt. Derzeit führt eine Eskalation der medikamentösen Therapie immer zu einem Off-Label-Use, der als individueller Heilversuch der Begründung und eines persönlichen kontinuierlichen Monitorings bedarf.
Einfluss von Emotionsregulation und emotionaler Erregung auf Lebensqualität und Adhärenz bei Paaren nach Nierentransplantation
Authors: Peters Luisa , Franke Laura , Tkachenko Daria , Schiffer Mario , Zimmermann Tanja 
Published: May 2018

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Bei Patienten nach Nierentransplantationen ist die Nonadhärenz an die immunsuppressive Behandlung das größte Risiko für einen Transplantatverlust. Maladaptive Emotionsregulationsstrategien (ERS) stellen Risikofaktoren für Nonadhärenz dar, während bei Patienten in Partnerschaft Unterstützung des Partners protektiv wirkt. In Zusammenhang mit dem partnerschaftlichen Unterstützungsverhalten steht außerdem emotionale Erregung, objektiv messbar mithilfe der Sprachgrundfrequenz (f0 ).
Material & Methoden Bei N=50 Paaren nach Nierentransplantation wurde der Zusammenhang zwischen Erfahrungen und Überzeugungen hinsichtlich der imunsuppressiven Medikation (ISM), Lebensqualität (LQ), erlebten Emotionen, ERS und f0 während eines Paargesprächs untersucht.
Ergebnisse Mehr maladaptive ERS des Transplantierten hingen mit geringerer mentaler LQ des Partners, tendenziell höherem eigenen negativem Affekt und schlechteren eigenen Erfahrungen und Überzeugungen hinsichtlich der ISM zusammen. Maladaptive ERS des Partners wiesen negative Korrelationen mit der eigenen mentalen LQ auf. Bezüglich der f0 fanden sich Geschlechterunterschiede. Eine höhere f0 des männlichen Transplantierten hing mit mehr maladaptiven ERS der Partnerinnen zusammen. Tendenziell signifikante Zusammenhänge zeigten sich auch mit schlechteren eigenen Erfahrungen und Überzeugungen hinsichtlich der ISM. Eine erhöhte f0 der Partnerinnen männlicher Transplantierter wies Zusammenhänge mit geringerem eigenem positivem Affekt, mehr negativem Affekt des Transplantierten und schlechteren Erfahrungen und Überzeugungen hinsichtlich der ISM aus Sicht der Partnerin auf. Höhere f0 weiblicher Transplantierter stand in Zusammenhang mit geringeren eigenen maladaptiven ERS und denen des Partners.
Diskussion Die Ergebnisse geben Hinweise auf die Relevanz von frühzeitigen Interventionen nach einer Nierentransplantation, in denen auf die Identifizierung und Modifizierung maladaptiver ERS von Patient und Partner fokussiert werden sollte.
Das Antikorruptionsgesetz aus Sicht der Strafverfolgungsbehörden
Authors: Badle Alexander 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungDas am 04.06.2016 in Kraft getretene Gesetz zur Bekämpfung von Korruption im Gesundheitswesen mit seinen beiden Kernvorschriften der Bestechlichkeit und Bestechung im Gesundheitswesen (§§ 299a, 299b StGB) hat in allen Sparten des Gesundheitswesens für reichlich Aufregung und Verunsicherung gesorgt, die teilweise hysterische Züge angenommen haben. Zum ersten Mal stehen Bestechlichkeit und Bestechung im Gesundheitswesen unter Strafe. Da Unsicherheit und Angst bekanntermaßen keine guten Ratgeber sind, soll dieser Beitrag eine Orientierung liefern, wie man etwaige strafrechtliche Risiken erkennen und sich vor ihnen wirksam schützen kann.
Schweigepflicht und Datenschutz, eine Herzensangelegenheit
Authors: Weber Hans-Jörg , Spyra Gerald 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungÄrztliche Schweigepflicht und Datenschutz sind aufgrund der Fortschritte in der digitalen Diagnostik, Datenverarbeitung und -übermittlung sowie aufgrund der bevorstehenden Einführung der Datenschutzgrundverordnung im Mai dieses Jahres ein hochaktuelles Thema. Verstöße gegen Verschwiegenheitspflicht und Datenschutzrecht können empfindlich geahndet werden. Der Arzt sollte sich daher immer wieder die Reichweite der ärztlichen Schweigepflicht vor Augen führen. Darüber hinaus empfiehlt sich in der Praxis der Aufbau eines Datenschutzmanagements, um die Rechtmäßigkeit von Datenverarbeitung, -übermittlung, relevanten Maßnahmen usw. jederzeit nachweisen zu können.
Die digitale Buchhaltung für die Arztpraxis: Bedeutung – Durchführung – Nutzen
Authors: von Schmidt-Pauli Andreas 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungDigitalisierung kann man als das Umwandeln von analogen Informationen in digitale Formate bezeichnen. Diese Prozesse haben eine praktische Bedeutung im Bereich der Finanzbuchhaltung in einer Arztpraxis. Der digitalen Erfassung, Aufbereitung und Ablage und der Datenübermittlung an den Steuerberater kommt in diesem Zusammenhang eine zentrale Bedeutung zu. Die Verarbeitung durch den Steuerberater setzt auf den digitalen Informationen auf und komplettiert die bereits generierten digitalen Buchungsinformationen. Der Nutzen der Digitalisierung liegt in der weitergehenden Automatisierung der Arbeitsabläufe, der Verarbeitung der Buchungsinformationen, der Sichtbarkeit der Buchungsbelege mit dem erzeugten Buchungssatz und der zeitnahen Auswertung der Perioden.
LZW-Kernel: fast kernel utilizing variable length code blocks from LZW compressors for protein sequence classification
Authors: Filatov Gleb , Bauwens Bruno , Kertész-Farkas Attila 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Motivation
Bioinformatics studies often rely on similarity measures between sequence pairs, which often pose a bottleneck in large-scale sequence analysis.

Results
Here, we present a new convolutional kernel function for protein sequences called the Lempel-Ziv-Welch (LZW)-Kernel. It is based on code words identified with the LZW universal text compressor. The LZW-Kernel is an alignment-free method, it is always symmetric, is positive, always provides 1.0 for self-similarity and it can directly be used with Support Vector Machines (SVMs) in classification problems, contrary to normalized compression distance, which often violates the distance metric properties in practice and requires further techniques to be used with SVMs. The LZW-Kernel is a one-pass algorithm, which makes it particularly plausible for big data applications. Our experimental studies on remote protein homology detection and protein classification tasks reveal that the LZW-Kernel closely approaches the performance of the Local Alignment Kernel (LAK) and the SVM-pairwise method combined with Smith-Waterman (SW) scoring at a fraction of the time. Moreover, the LZW-Kernel outperforms the SVM-pairwise method when combined with Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) scores, which indicates that the LZW code words might be a better basis for similarity measures than local alignment approximations found with BLAST. In addition, the LZW-Kernel outperforms n-gram based mismatch kernels, hidden Markov model based SAM and Fisher kernel and protein family based PSI-BLAST, among others. Further advantages include the LZW-Kernel’s reliance on a simple idea, its ease of implementation, and its high speed, three times faster than BLAST and several magnitudes faster than SW or LAK in our tests.

Availability and implementation
LZW-Kernel is implemented as a standalone C code and is a free open-source program distributed under GPLv3 license and can be downloaded from https://github.com/kfattila/LZW-Kernel.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics Online.
Intervention and peace*
Authors: Levine David K , Modica Salvatore 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Intervention often does not lead to peace, but rather to prolonged conflict. Indeed, we document that it is an important source of prolonged conflicts. We introduce a theoretical model of the balance of power to explain why this should be the case and to analyse how peace can be achieved: either a hot peace between hostile neighbours or the peace of the strong dominating the weak. Non-intervention generally leads to peace after defeat of the weak. Hot peace can be achieved with sufficiently strong outside intervention. The latter is thus optimal if the goal of policy is to prevent the strong from dominating the weak.
Sparse interferometric Stokes imaging under the polarization constraint (Polarized SARA)
Authors: Birdi Jasleen , Repetti Audrey , Wiaux Yves 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTWe develop a novel algorithm for sparse imaging of Stokes parameters in radio interferometry under the polarization constraint. The latter is a physical non-linear relation between the Stokes parameters, imposing the polarization intensity as a lower bound on the total intensity. To solve the joint inverse Stokes imaging problem including this bound, we leverage epigraphical projection techniques in convex optimization and we design a primal–dual method offering a highly flexible and parallelizable structure. In addition, we propose to regularize each Stokes parameter map through an average sparsity prior in the context of a reweighted analysis approach (SARA). The resulting method is dubbed Polarized SARA. Using simulated observations of M87 with the Event Horizon Telescope, we demonstrate that imposing the polarization constraint leads to superior image quality. For the considered data sets, the results also indicate better performance of the average sparsity prior in comparison with the widely used Cotton–Schwab clean algorithm and other total variation based priors for polarimetric imaging. Our matlab code is available online on GitHub.
Grading of Total Mesorectal Excision Specimens: Assessment of Interrater Agreement
Authors: Goebel Emily A. , Stegmaier Melissa , Gorassini Donald R. , Kubica Matthew , Parfitt Jeremy R. , Driman David K. 
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUND:
Total mesorectal excision is the standard of care for patients with rectal cancer. Pathological evaluation of the quality of the total mesorectal excision specimen is an important prognostic factor that correlates with local recurrence, but is potentially subjective.

OBJECTIVE:
This study aimed to determine the degree of variation in grading, both between assessors and between fresh and formalin-fixed specimens.

DESIGN:
Raters included surgeons, pathologists, pathology residents, pathologists’ assistants, and pathologists’ assistant trainees. Specimens were assessed by up to 6 raters in the fresh state and by 2 raters postfixation. Four parameters were evaluated: mesorectal bulk, surface regularity, defects, and coning. Interrater agreement was measured using ordinal α-values.

SETTING:
The study was conducted at a single academic center.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
The primary outcome was agreement between individuals when grading total mesorectal excision specimens.

RESULTS:
A total of 37 total mesorectal excision specimens were assessed. Reliability between all raters for fresh specimens for mesorectal bulk, surface regularity, defects, coning, and overall grade were 0.85, 0.85, 0.92, 0.84, and 0.91. When compared with all raters, pathologists and residents had higher agreement and pathologists and surgeons had lower agreement. Ordinal α-values comparing pathologist and pathologist’s assistant agreement for overall grade were similar pre- and postfixation (0.78 vs 0.80), but agreement for assessing defects decreased postfixation. Among pathologists’ assistants, agreement was higher when grading specimens postfixation than when grading fresh specimens.

LIMITATIONS:
Assessment bias may have occurred because of the greater number of pathologists’ assistants participating than the number of residents and pathologists.

CONCLUSIONS:
The results indicate good interrater agreement for the assessment of overall grade, with defects showing the best interrater agreement in fresh specimens. Although total mesorectal excision specimens may be consistently graded postfixation, the assessment of defects postfixation may be less reliable. This study highlights the need for additional knowledge-transfer activities to ensure consistency and accurate grading of total mesorectal excision specimens. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A497.
Impacts of innovation type SME’s R&D capability on patent and new product development
Authors: Kim Minseo , Kim Ji-eung , Sawng Yeong-wha , Lim Kwang-sun 
Published: May 2018

PurposeThis study aims to verify the effectiveness and efficiency of corporate technology innovation activities.Design/methodology/approachThis study empirically analyzes the effects of research and development (R&D) capability on patent and new product development achievements on innovation-type small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) by using the “Report on Korean Innovation Survey 2010: Manufacturing Sector” data released by the Science and Technology Policy Institute.FindingsThe results of the study indicate that staffing of the concentration of R&D human resource team and efforts toward open innovation are essential factors for the creation of corporate performance.The number of persons of the concentration R&D team in particular makes up essential resources for patent acquisition and new product development. In addition, in case of an SME’s with relatively poor resources, it is necessary to acquire resources, both material and immaterial, learn from the external R&D activities and internalize those into key corporate capabilities rather than step up the R&D activities on their own.Originality/valueThe results of this study indicate that innovative small enterprises need to secure the number of R&D human resource members for maintaining sustainable competitiveness and securing market share. Therefore, a strategy is needed that would enable employing and raising excellent human resource in the quantitative and qualitative aspects. However, in the circumstances that small enterprises suffer difficulty in securing professional human resource for R&D compared to large enterprises, as there is a limitation for securing human resource for R&D from only the dimension of enterprises, governmental and political support is thought to be necessary for securing good-quality human resource for R&D. Accordingly, the results of this study provide many implications for the necessity of detailed methodology on how to expand professional human resource for R&D among supporting policies for technical innovative enterprises and to establish innovative strategies of enterprises.
Do decent working conditions contribute to work–life balance
Authors: Hussain A.H.M. Belayeth , Endut Noraida 
Published: May 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to explore the contributions of decent work situation to work–life balance of small entrepreneurs. The survey was conducted to uncover the degree and magnitude of essential decent work indicators that can aid the work–life balance situation of small ventures.Design/methodology/approachThe study utilized a survey research design and used a five-point Likert type questionnaire to investigate the research questions. Each construct of the scale has its corresponding items, which were measured specifically. To analyze the latent variables, partial least square (PLS)–structural equation modelling with Smart PLS application was used.FindingsThe findings of this study reveal that social dialogue and stability and security of enterprise have the most significant effects in ensuring work–life balance of an enterprise. Additionally, social dialogue among entrepreneurs has influence in maintaining decent working hours and fair treatment at workplace.Originality/valueThe value of this study lies in exploring a new dimension of analyzing working conditions in informal sector economy such as small enterprises. Because this research aims to study ventures that are financed by the microcredit institution, whether social financing plays a role in improving work–life balance situation through empowering decent working conditions can be investigated.
Macro-level enabling conditions for the formation of social business enterprises in the Philippines
Authors: Laylo Aaron 
Published: May 2018

Purpose
A conducive and enabling environment is imperative for the formation of sustainable social business enterprises (SBEs). This paper aims to identify the macro-level enabling conditions necessary for SBE formation and to analyze them in the context of the Philippines, an emerging economy that is yet to be transformed into an inclusive one.

Design/methodology/approach
Major developments on micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises, specifically on social enterprises, were revisited and analyzed. The author also looked into how they are sustained, supported and nurtured in the Philippines’ overall economic landscape. Extensive data were collected from relevant agencies in public and private sectors, after which they were analyzed parallel to existing academic literature, i.e. theories, models and concepts, on social entrepreneurship and development nexus.

Findings
It has been found that the four macro-level enabling conditions, namely, governance, socially inclusive economic approach, financial services and entrepreneurial culture, presumed to be vital for SBE formation, contribute to the latter at various levels, but surely complement each other in the process.

Research limitations/implications
The significance of exploring the context in which social enterprises are formed and flourish lies in the sheer importance of understanding the sustained prevalence of SBEs in many economies – both in developed and developing ones.

Originality/value
By having a more structured knowledge of the components surrounding SBE formation, the community may be able to also simultaneously explore why and how social entrepreneurs form profit-earning business entities that are primarily driven by social advocacies and goals.