bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
lncRNA GAS5 regulates myocardial infarction by targeting the miR‐525‐5p/CALM2 axis
Authors: Zhang Yan , Hou Yue‐mei , Gao Feng , Xiao Jin‐wen , Li Chuan‐chuan , Tang Yuan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, especially in myocardial infarction (MI). However, the underlying molecular mechanism of how lncRNA involves and affect MI still remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the expression of lncRNA growth arrest‐specific transcript 5 (GAS5) and its effects on myocardial cells' proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis. The possible mechanisms involved in GAS5, calmodulin 2 (CALM2), and microRNA (miR)‐525‐5p were also explored. The messenger RNA (mRNA) level of CALM2, GAS5, and miR‐525‐5p in postmyocardial infarction (MI) and normal cells were examined by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). Western blot analysis assay was conducted to detect the protein levels of CALM2. The changes of cell cycle/apoptosis and cell viability of post‐MI myocardial cells (PMMC) were determined by flow cytometry analysis and MTT (3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐2‐thiazolyl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2H‐tetrazolium bromide) assay after knockdown of GAS5 or CALM2, respectively. Dual luciferase reporter assay and RNA‐binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay were performed to verify the targeting relationship between miR‐525‐5p and GAS5, CALM2 in myocardial. Hypoxic preconditioning was performed in normal cells, which constructed a simulated MI environment, and the effect of GAS5 on cardiomyocyte apoptosis was detected. Our data showed that the expression of GAS5 and CALM2 in PMMC was significantly upregulated, while the expression of miR‐525‐5p was downregulated. Overexpression of GAS5 and CALM2 profoundly promoted the apoptosis of myocardial cell. However, the proliferation of myocardial cell was inhibited by the upregulation of GAS5 and CALM2. Moreover, GAS5 was proved to be the target of miR‐525‐5p and GAS5 downregulated the expression of miR‐525‐5p and CALM2. In addition, lncRNA GAS5 promotes MI, while CALM2 induced MI can be reversed by miR‐525‐5p. These data suggested that lncRNA GAS5 promoted the development and progression of MI via targeting of the miR‐525‐5p/CALM2 axis and it has the potential to be explored as a therapeutic target for the treatment of MI in the future.
Isopropanol, n‐butanol and ethanol recovery from IBE model solutions by salting‐out using potassium pyrophosphate
Authors: Li Hao , Liu Haixiong , Fang Jing , Yin Shuo , Chen Chuanyu , Li Chunli 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDIsopropanol, n‐butanol and ethanol (IBE) could be used as a clean and renewable biofuel. However, the separation and purification of IBE requires more energy due to the low concentration of IBE in fermentation broth and the existence of azeotropes. Here, we investigate in detail the separation ability of IBE from two typical model solutions by salting‐out with potassium pyrophosphate (K4P2O7) as the salting‐out agent.RESULTSIncreasing the salt content could effectively increase the distribution coefficient and selectivity coefficient of IBE. The recovery of IBE was over 95 wt%, and the dehydration ratio could reach above 99.8 wt%. A higher total organic compound content could increase the recovery of IBE but could decrease the dehydration ratio. The logarithm of solubility of IBE in the aqueous phase or water content in the organic phase has a good linear relationship with the molality of K4P2O7.CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrated the ability of K4P2O7 to recover IBE from IBE model solutions during the separation process. The results showed that the salting‐out method has the potential to save energy in recovering IBE from a real fermentation broth. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
The minimum number of Hamilton cycles in a Hamiltonian threshold graph of a prescribed order
Authors: Qiao Pu , Zhan Xingzhi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe prove that the minimum number of Hamilton cycles in a Hamiltonian threshold graph of order is and this minimum number is attained uniquely by the graph with degree sequence of distinct degrees. This graph is also the unique graph of minimum size among all Hamiltonian threshold graphs of order .
Fast direct solution of 3‐D volume integral equations by skeletonization for dynamic electromagnetic wave problems
Authors: Liu Yan‐Nan , Pan Xiao‐Min , Sheng Xin‐Qing 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe skeletonization‐based direct solver is extended to the method of moments (MoM) solution of 3‐D volume integral equations (VIEs) for dynamic electromagnetic wave problems. The direct solver approximates the impedance matrix by the hierarchical data sparse representation through skeletonization and then obtains the inverse matrix implicitly. Improvement is made in the proxy strategy to accelerate the skeletonization. Detailed studies are presented on the behavior of the direct solver with respect to target shape, mesh density, and permittivity. It is revealed that the fast direct solver is promising for nano applications, especially for the cases where large and high‐contrast objects are involved, because iterative solvers always fail in reaching convergence due to the associated ill‐conditioned impedance matrix.
Removal of Pb (II), As (III), and Cr (VI) by nitrogen‐starved Papiliotrema laurentii strain RY1
Authors: Sarkar Soumyadev , Mukherjee Avishek , Parvin Rubia , Das Subhadeep , Roy Uttariya , Ghosh Somdeep , Chaudhuri Punarbasu , Roychowdhury Tarit , Mukherjee Joydeep , Bhattacharya Semantee , Gachhui Ratan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHeavy metals such as lead, chromium, and metalloid like arsenic dominate the pinnacle in posing a threat to life. Being environment‐friendly, elucidating the mechanism by which microorganisms detoxify such elements has always been an active field of research hitherto. In the present study, we have investigated the capability of nitrogen‐deprived Papiliotrema laurentii strain RY1 toward enhanced tolerance and neutralizing toxic elements. There were biosorption and bioprecipitation of lead and chromium at the cell surfaces. Bioprecipitation mechanisms included the formation of lead phosphates and pyromorphites from lead, grimaldite from chromium. Transcripts such as metallothionein, aquaporins, and arsenical pump‐driving ATPase have been surmised to be involved in the detoxification of elements. Furthermore, activation of antioxidant defense mechanisms for the cells for each of the elements should contribute towards yeast's propagation. The efficiency of removal of elements for live cells and immobilized cells were high for lead and chromium. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of such high tolerance of lead, arsenic, and chromium for any yeast. The yeast showed such varied response under dual stress due to nitrogen starvation and in the presence of respective elements. The yeast possesses promising potentials in nitrogen deprived and enriched environments to aid in bioremediation sectors.
Temperature variation at the low‐latitude regions of East Asia recorded by tree rings during the past six centuries
Authors: Liu Yu , Li Ching‐Yao , Sun Changfeng , Song Huiming , Li Qiang , Cai Qiufang , Liu Ruoshi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe understanding of past millennium climate change is very important. Due to the lack of continuously annual resolution records, the temperature characteristics in the low‐latitude regions of East Asia (LLREA) during past several centuries are still unknown. Using tree‐ring width chronology from Taiwan, an island located in the western Pacific region and in southeastern China, February–October mean temperature from 1380 to 2007 AD was reconstructed. Spatial correlation analysis indicated that the reconstructed temperature could represent the sea‐land temperature change in LLREA. During the past six centuries, both the warmest intervals and the largest variability of temperature appeared in the twentieth century. This is probably related to human activities. Temperature in LLREA provided good contrast with temperature changes in the Tibet Plateau and elsewhere in the Northern Hemisphere. The LLREA entered into the Little Ice Age around the year of 1450, approximately 100 years earlier than the Tibet Plateau. The 10‐year cycle contained in the reconstructed temperature is close to the 11‐year period of solar activity, which revealed there was a certain relationship between them. The temperature in LLREA significantly correlated with solar activity at the decadal to centennial scales. The strong/weak solar irradiance corresponded to the great/small temperature variability.
Monthly and seasonal variability of dust events over northern Saudi Arabia
Authors: Mashat Abdul‐Wahab S. , Awad Adel M. , Alamoudi Ahmad O. , Assiri Mazen E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe monthly and seasonal variability and distribution of dust events over northern Saudi Arabia were studied using ground‐based measurements from 11 surface stations for the period of 1978–2010. Additionally, to study the synoptic climatology of the dust variability, the aerosol index (AI) data from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) satellite and meteorological data from the National Center for Environmental Prediction and National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis datasets were used. The dust types observed at the surface stations are classified into two categories: weak dust and dust storms. A statistical study of the ground measurements demonstrated that weak dust category events are prevalent in the cold months, whereas storm category events are prevalent in the hot months. Additionally, the annual distribution distinguishes two periods for dust observations, before and after 1989, where the number of events in the first period is lower than the annual average but increases during the second period. The synoptic climate study indicated that two main atmospheric wind patterns, anticyclonic and northerly (shamal) patterns, accompany the dust events in the study area. The dust in winter and autumn is mainly affected by the anticyclonic pattern, while that in spring and summer is mainly affected by the shamal pattern. In addition, a synoptic study of selected cases confirmed the climate results and demonstrated the existence of two atmospheric patterns corresponding to winter and summer. Both patterns include troughs over the Red Sea and Arabian Gulf and a ridge or high‐pressure cell over the eastern Mediterranean region during the summer atmospheric pattern and over the mid‐Arabian Peninsula during the winter atmospheric pattern. The characteristic of non‐dust storm composition demonstrated that the storms exhibit pronounced synoptic systems (winter and summer) with the highest pressure/geopotential gradient near the Arabian Peninsula.
Liver Kinase B1 Fine‐Tunes Lineage Commitment of Human Fetal Synovium‐Derived Stem Cells
Authors: Zhou Sheng , Fu Yawen , Zhang Xiao‐Bing , Pei Ming 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTLiver kinase B1 (LKB1), a serine/threonine protein, is a key regulator in stem cell function and energy metabolism. Herein, we describe the role of LKB1 in modulating the differentiation of synovium‐derived stem cells (SDSCs) toward chondrogenic, adipogenic, and osteogenic lineages. Human fetal SDSCs were transduced with CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9)‐single‐guide RNA vectors to knockout or lentiviral vectors to overexpress the LKB1 gene. Analyses including ICE (Inference of CRISPR Edits) data from Sanger sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) as well as Western blot demonstrated successful knockout (KO) or overexpression (OE) of LKB1 in human fetal SDSCs without any detectable side effects in morphology, proliferation rate, and cell cycle. LKB1 KO increased CD146 expression; interestingly, LKB1 OE increased SSEA4 level. The qPCR data showed that LKB1 KO upregulated the levels of SOX2 and NANOG while LKB1 OE lowered the expression of POU5F1 and KLF4. Furthermore, LKB1 KO enhanced, and LKB1 OE inhibited, chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential. However, perhaps due to the inherent inability to achieve osteogenesis, LKB1 did not obviously affect osteogenic differentiation. These data demonstrate that LKB1 plays a significant role in determining human SDSCs’ adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation, which might provide an approach for fine‐tuning the direction of stem cell differentiation in tissue engineering and regeneration. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:258‐268, 2020
Prognostic Value of Prolonged Feeding Intolerance in Predicting All‐Cause Mortality in Critically Ill Patients: A Multicenter, Prospective, Observational Study
Authors: Hu Bangchuan , Sun Renhua , Wu Aiping , Ni Yin , Liu Jingquan , Guo Feng , Ying Lijun , Ge Guoping , Ding Aijun , Shi Yunchao , Liu Changwen , Xu Lei , Jiang Ronglin , Lu Jun , Lin Ronghai , Zhu Yannan , Wu Weidong , Xie Bo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe 2012 European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM) guidelines provided a clear definition of feeding intolerance (FI). The study aimed to investigate the association between FI based on the current ESICM definition and clinical outcome and to further explore the effect of the duration of FI on mortality.MethodsAdult patients from 14 general intensive care units (ICUs) with an expected ICU stay ≥24 hours were prospectively studied. Based on FI duration in the first week of admission to the ICU, FI was categorized as 7‐day persistent feeding tolerance (FT), delayed FT, delayed FI, and 7‐day persistent FI. The primary outcomes were 28‐day and 60‐day all‐cause mortality.ResultsOf 499 patients, the prevalence of 3‐day and 7‐day persistent FI was 39.2% (n = 196) and 25.4% (n = 106), respectively. The patients with 3‐day FT had lower risk of 28‐day and 60‐day mortality rates and higher prevalence in ventilator weaning and vasoactive medication on the seventh day of ICU admission than those with 3‐day FI. Three‐day FI remained an independent predictor for 60‐day mortality. In a subgroup analysis including 418 patients with 7‐day survival, compared with those with 7‐day persistent FT, the odds ratios of 60‐day mortality were 1.67, 1.97, and 2.62 in the patients with delayed FT, delayed FI, and 7‐day persistent FI, respectively.ConclusionFI was associated with increased mortality and longer duration of mechanical ventilation and vasoactive support. Prolonged or relapsing FI represented an incremental risk of adverse outcomes in critically ill patients.
Preparative separation of isoquinoline alkaloids from Corydalis impatiens using a middle‐pressure chromatogram isolated gel column coupled with two‐dimensional liquid chromatography
Authors: Pan Guoqing , Shen Jianwei , Ma Yuhua , He Yanfeng , Bao Yi , Li Rongrong , Wang Shunshan , Wang Qi , Lin Pengcheng , Dang Jun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe established a two‐dimensional strong cation exchange/reversed‐phase liquid chromatography protocol to isolate and purify isoquinoline alkaloids from Corydalis impatiens. Isoquinoline alkaloids were first enriched from a C. impatiens extract in which liposoluble components were removed using a medium‐pressure chromatographic tower containing middle chromatogram isolated gel. A strong cation exchange column was employed to separate and obtain 30 fractions. We chose fractions 22–29 for reversed‐phase liquid chromatography purification using characteristic isoquinoline alkaloid ultraviolet absorption spectra. Several isoquinoline alkaloid fractions (22–29) were further separated, and those of low resolution were isolated via two‐dimensional liquid chromatography in the orthogonal plane. A total of eight novel isoquinoline alkaloids with characteristic ultraviolet spectra were obtained from C. impatiens. We thus demonstrate the benefits of off‐line two‐dimensional strong cation exchange/reversed‐phase liquid chromatography to isolate isoquinoline alkaloids from C. impatiens.
Effectiveness of the Intent to Complete and Intent to Attend Intervention to Predict and Prevent Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Treatment Drop Out Among Soldiers
Authors: Shulman Grant P. , Buck Benjamin E. , Gahm Gregory A. , Reger Greg M. , Norr Aaron M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractActive duty military service members have high dropout rates for trauma‐focused treatment in both clinical practice and research settings. Measuring patients’ intent to complete (ITC) and intent to attend (ITA) treatment have been suggested as methods to reduce dropout, but no studies have examined the effectiveness of such measures. In an attempt to reduce high dropout rates, measures of ITC and ITA were included in a randomized controlled trial evaluating prolonged exposure (PE) and virtual reality exposure (VRE) in active duty soldiers with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Participants (N = 108) were randomized to either PE or VRE, and the last 49 to enroll were administered a measure of ITC at enrollment and a measure of ITA at the end of every session. A score of 7 or below triggered a problem‐solving discussion with the individual's therapist. The results revealed that the ITA assessment predicted treatment dropout after controlling for mental health stigma, PTSD symptoms, and age, odds ratio (OR) = 0.24, p = .023. Additionally, participants who completed the ITA assessment were less likely to drop out than those who were not administered the ITA, OR = 0.29 p = .002. The ITC did not predict treatment dropout OR = 0.98, p = .402. These findings suggest that assessing ITA throughout trauma‐focused therapy may reduce treatment dropout rather than solely measuring ITC prior to starting psychotherapy. Based on these preliminary findings, future research should randomize the measurement of ITA in clinical trials to evaluate its impact on treatment dropout.
Impact of livestock grazing on biodiversity and giant panda habitat
Authors: Wang Xiao , Huang Jinyan , Connor Thomas A. , Bai Wenke , Zhang Jindong , Wei Wei , Zhang Zejun , Liu Dian , Zhou Caiquan 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTLivestock grazing occurs in many protected areas for wildlife and has become a threat to wildlife worldwide. Livestock grazing within protected areas causes negative effects to rare wildlife (e.g., giant panda [Ailuropoda melanoleuca]) and their habitat. We used the 2,000‐km2 Wolong National Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province, southwestern China, to document the effects of livestock on the giant panda and its habitat. We monitored arrow bamboo (Bashania fangiana), wildlife sign (i.e., feces and tracks), and characteristics of plant communities in intact habitat (IH; limited livestock grazing) and disturbed habitat (DH; with grazing disturbance) to assess the effects of livestock grazing and the responses of giant pandas and sympatric species across spatial and temporal scales. Bamboo coverage and the height and basal diameter of bamboo in IH were greater than those in DH, whereas the number of herbaceous species and herbaceous coverage in IH were lower than those in DH. Wildlife signs in IH were greater than those in DH; specifically, giant panda and red panda (Ailurus fulgens) signs were greater, whereas signs of sambar (Rusa unicolor) and tufted deer (Elaphodus cephalophus) in IH were similar to those in DH. Livestock grazing reduced bamboo, which may threaten the long‐term survival of the giant panda. Our results have implications for understanding and management of livestock grazing in the Wolong National Nature Reserve and elsewhere. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
Social organization, home ranges, and extraterritorial forays of black‐backed jackals
Authors: Kamler Jan F. , Stenkewitz Ute , Gharajehdaghipour Tazarve , Macdonald David W. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTWe radio‐tracked 15 black‐backed jackals (Canis mesomelas) from 8 adjacent family groups on Benfontein Game Farm (i.e., Benfontein) in South Africa to investigate their movement patterns and social organization. Jackal family groups consisted of mated pairs (alphas), 0–3 nonbreeding adults (betas), and pups, depending on the season. Mean (±SE) home‐range size of alphas (9.4 ± 1.2 km2, n = 6) did not differ (P = 0.766) from betas (9.8 ± 0.7 km2, n = 8). Most beta jackals (8 of 10) remained philopatric on Benfontein, apparently because of the high density of springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis), their preferred prey. Three of 5 alphas and all 8 betas went on extraterritorial forays (i.e., forays). Generally, betas spent more of their active time on forays (2–20% of time) than alphas (0–3%; P = 0.048), and betas went farther on forays (2–8 km) than alphas (2–3 km; P = 0.003). The number of forays differed (P < 0.001) among seasons; most forays occurred during summer (64%) when jackals visited neighboring livestock farms, apparently to predate on domestic sheep. Overall, our results indicate forays by jackals are affected by social status, seasonal availability of preferred prey, and the reproductive cycle of jackals. To reduce jackal predation on livestock farms near reserves, we recommend that preventative measures (e.g., use of herders, jackal control activities) be increased during summer when jackals are most likely to travel outside reserves. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
Suspending Polyrotaxane Dissociation via Photo‐Reversible Capping of Terminals
Authors: Arisaka Yoshinori , Yui Nobuhiko 
Published: August 2019

AbstractReversible covalent bonds yield polymeric materials with functional characteristics such as self‐healing, shape memory, stress relaxation, and stimuli‐responsiveness. Here, photo‐reversibly cappable polyrotaxanes are designed and the on–off controlled dissociation of their supramolecular architectures is demonstrated. The polyrotaxanes are synthesized by capping dithiobenzoates at both terminals of polyethylene glycol threaded through multiple α‐cyclodextrins. Since dethreading of the α‐cyclodextrins is prevented by the dithiobenzoate stoppers, the supramolecular dissociation is induced by their photo‐cleavage. Subsequently, the cleaved dithiobenzoates spontaneously re‐cap the polyrotaxane terminals in darkness. Thus, the supramolecular dissociation can be modulated by photo‐reversible capping of the dithiobenzoate stoppers. These polyrotaxanes with dithiobenzoate stoppers are promising functional materials for photo‐controlling physical properties and structures.
Major factors affecting the snow simulations by the JULES in New Zealand
Authors: Yang Yang , Uddstrom Michael , Turner Richard , Revell Mike 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSnow frequently occurs over New Zealand. The seasonal snow accumulation can be about 3 m deep in early spring at some locations. Thus, for numerical weather prediction and climate modelling over New Zealand, a reliable, sophisticated snow model that can properly describe the physical processes associated with snow cover is required. In the past, owing to a lack of snow observations, modelling and verification of snow processes was limited over New Zealand. In the present study, the multilayer snow scheme of the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES)—the land surface model used in New Zealand regional weather and climate models—was used to simulate the snow water equivalent (SWE) and snow density at two sites in the South Island of New Zealand. The model captured seasonal and interannual variability in snow accumulation and melt. However, large errors in the simulated SWE (up to 300 mm) were found during snowmelt periods and in relatively warm winters when a significant amount of liquid water was present in snow. Sensitivity tests showed that errors in the simulated long wave radiation (a negative bias of about 6 W/m2), snow albedo (0.05–0.10) and air temperature for snow occurrence (
T
c, about 0.5 K) were the major factors causing large errors in the simulated SWE. In addition, the simulated snow density was lower than observed. The relatively warm and humid maritime climate of New Zealand appears to make snow simulation in New Zealand more sensitive to long wave radiation, snow albedo and
Tc than for continents.