bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DEVELOPMENT OF A SENSOR BY ELECTRO-POLYMERIZATION OF ERICHROME BLACK-T ON GLASSY CARBON ELECTRODE AND DETERMINATION OF AN ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUG DICLOFENAC
Authors: Hanabaratti Rohini M. , Gowda Jayant I. , Tuwar Suresh M. 
Published: February 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop a simple, reliable voltammetric method and its validation for determination of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac (DFC).
Methods: The proposed method was based on electro-oxidation of DFC at poly (erichrome black T) modified glassy carbon electrode (PEBT/GCE) in 0.2 M phosphate buffer solution of pH 7.0. Cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetric techniques were employed to study electro-oxidation behavior. Under the optimal conditions, variations of EBT concentration, effect of pH, scan rate on the oxidation of DFC was studied.
Results: A well-defined oxidation peak at about +0.59 V vs. standard calomel electrode was observed for voltammetric detection of DFC. pH effect shows the participation of an equal number of protons and electrons in the mechanism. The relation between a logarithm of peak current with the logarithm of scan rate indicated adsorption controlled behavior of electrode process. Concentration variations show a good linear response in the range 0.05 µM to 40 µM with the detection limit of 5.25 × 10-8 M.
Conclusion: The prepared sensor exhibited good selectivity, sensitivity, and stability for the detection of DFC in the pharmaceutical dosage form and real samples. The developed method could possibly be adopted for pharmacokinetic studies and also in clinical and quality control laboratories where time and economy were important.
LANGUAGES FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES AND DYNAMICS OF NATIONAL IDENTITY
Authors: Mockiene Liudmila , Aleksandravicius Povilas , Rackeviciene Sigita , Tamosiuniene Lora 
Published: February 2019

Creating and using language for special purposes reflects a rather high level of human needs in the hierarchy proposed by an American psychologist A. Maslow through creative activities and self-actualisation. The understanding of one’s own belonging and identity as a manner of self-actualisation may happen through specific language usage. The article focuses on the review of the emerging European identity patterns found in the professional lexis of three sample European languages from the perspective of such disciplines as philosophy and linguistic history. In the first part of the article authors reflect on the key traceable characteristic features of European identity forms: a closed form of identity, an open form of identity and a destructive denial of identity as a transition device from one form into another. On the basis of the linguistic survey of historical experiences as traced in British, Lithuanian and Russian legal language vocabulary formation, it is concluded that changes in legal languages are reflective of social experiences and may be viewed as identity forming mechanisms.
Uji Aktivitas Repelan Lotion Kombinasi Minyak Kenanga (Cananga odorata) dan Minyak Nilam (Pogostemon cablin B)
Authors: Chasanah Uswatun , Ashfahany Clarissa Shabrina , Putri Lutfah Meitiyawati 
Published: February 2019

Minyak kenanga dan minyak nilam mempunyai aktivitas sebagai repelen terhadap nyamuk Aedes aegypti, Anopheles sp., dan Culex quinuefasciatus. Oleh sebab itu penggunaan bersama-sama minyak kenanga dan minyak nilam sebagai repelan diharapkan bersifat sinergis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas repelan dari losion yang mengandung kombinasi minyak kenanga dan minyak nilam terhadap nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Lotion dibuat 6 formula yang berturut-turut mengandung minyak kenanga 2,5%, 5,0% , dan 7,5% dengan minyak nilam 1,0% atau 3,0%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lotion dengan berbagai komposisi minyak kenangan dan minyak nilam memiliki daya proteksi yang berbeda. Daya proteksi lotion yang mengandung minyak kenanga:minyak nilam kadar 2,5%:1,0% tidak berbeda bermakna dengan kadar 5,0%:1,0%. Daya proteksi keduanya hanya bertahan sampai menit 30 adalah masing-masing sebesar 82,11% dan 83,47%. Daya proteksi lotion yang mengandung minyak kenanga:minyak nilam kadar 7,5%:1,0% tidak berbeda bermakna dengan lotion kadar 2,5%:3,0%, 5,0%:3,0%, dan 7,5%:3,0%, namun daya proteksi lotion kadar 2,5%:3,0% lebih lemah dibandingkan lotion kadar 7,5%:3,0% (Two-way ANOVA, a=0,05). Daya proteksi masing-masing pada menit ke 60 berturut-turut adalah sebesar 91,64%, 80,94%, 86,46%, dan 90,60%. Dan daya proteksi masing-masing pada menit ke 90 berturut- turut adalah sebesar 80,84%, 75,11%, 78,78%, dan 84,87%.
All is not Vanity: William James versus Ernest Renan
Authors: Jatuff José 
Published: February 2019

Na obra de James, há uma reação explícita contra a falsidade e a vaidade como o tom moral dominante. O modo como James julga Renan em particular, e o espírito latino em geral, está relacionado a uma identificação inicial com o espírito germânico através de um contexto protestante. Dentro dessa estrutura, nós veremos que por meio da figura de Carlyle, James opõe-se à moral objetiva da obra para com a sensibilidade gnóstica interior de Renan. Visto que há uma conexão óbvia entre Carlyle e o Calvinismo, o componente da ética protestante na proposta de James torna-se manifesta. Consequentemente, o propósito deste artigo é mostrar que o humor extenuante, como uma característica de coragem e virilidade, possui um tom protestante.
Design of Hybrid Industrial Solar Drying Unit
Authors: Elbasher Haider A. Gadir , Abdalla Babiker Karama , Mohamed Adil Ali 
Published: February 2019

This study done for designing industrial solar air heater drying unit with tow part of experimental steps(selecting solar air hater type and other par for controlling outlet temperature through mixing hot and ambient air through static mixture) ., The experiment done for 6 six days for each type using fabricated glass covered corrugated solar air heater with tow possibility of modifications one of them with fixed absorber plate defined as type one and other one tested with removed absorber plate which defined as type two experiments done with full accessory (air supply fans, temperature mea with same test study using device, fresh air motor controlling RPM and fabricated static mixture. The drying temperature range (45 C to 55 C).Before testing pilot unit calculation of predicted hot air temperature was done for validity of unit then the experiments has been made with pilot unit of solar air heater with fresh air steam and static condition, the result show that solar air heater type one is better for stable results for out let temperature and suitable for working. also the experiments show that, the presented value of temperature of hot mixed air of SAH type one have fitness with set point of controller 90% for day one and day two but for SAH type two the present value haven’t fitness with set point, the reading either high or low than the set temperature , for the other part of study prove that mixing hot air from solar air heater and fresh ambient air is success and control system working properly for the propellant drying process.
Equitable Care for Indigenous People: every health service can do it
Authors: Dwyer Judith , O'Donnell Kim , Willis Eileen , Kelly Janet 
Published: February 2019

Problem and its context: Indigenous peoples in many countries suffer poorer health and poorer access to good healthcare than their non-Indigenous counterparts. In Australia, enduring barriers to good health and good healthcare remain, in spite of long-standing policy priorities. These barriers include the ongoing reality of colonisation, and silence about its implications. People working in and using the health system need to relate across cultures, but they approach this endeavour witha complex mixture of goodwill, defensiveness, guilt and anxiety.
Methods: We analysed what is known in Australia about differentials in access to good care, and the underlying factors that entrench them, as well as strategies for developing mainstream competence in care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients and communities.
Analysis and Conclusions: The available evidence of differentials in access and quality that are not explained by clinical or demographic variables is unequivocal. Official policy needs to be implemented at the system and organisation level through operational policies, programs and protocols, and through relationships with Aboriginal healthcare providers and community organisations. The concept of racism anxiety provides a way of making one important barrier visible, and moving beyond it can enable people of goodwill to ‘see’ where change is needed, and to see themselves as part of the solution. It is time to get beyond the barriers and attend to practical improvements in care, focused on the care system, not simply on the skills and knowledge of individuals within it.
Abbreviations: ACCHO – Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation; CC – Cultural Competence.
Towards More Meaningful Measures in Healthcare
Authors: Leeder Stephen , Russell Lesley , Beaton Angela 
Published: February 2019

Most health systems continue to be restructured and modified without much thought to underlying public policy. Patient safety, quality and innovation are monitored through a range of agencies while performance measures are regularly measured and the results published. Primary healthcare in many systems remains fragmented. To achieve value of the whole health system as well as its component parts, the development of an outcomes-based approach to performance measurement is required to guide the delivery of constantly improving health services. This is a critical issue in health systems management.
Abbreviations: KPI – Key Performance Indicator; SLM – System Level Measures.
Federalism and Australia’s National Health and Health Insurance System
Authors: Podger Andrew 
Published: February 2019

While health reform in Australia has been marked by piecemeal, incremental changes, the overall trend to increasing Commonwealth involvement has not been accidental or driven by power-hungry centralists: it has been shaped by broader national and international developments including technological change and the maturing of our nation and its place internationally, and by a widespread desire for a national universal health insurance system. In many respects the Australianhealth system performs well, but the emerging challenges demand a more integrated, patient-oriented system. This is likely to require a further shift towards the Commonwealth in terms of financial responsibility, as the national insurer. But it also requires close cooperation with the States, who could play a firmer role in service delivery and in supporting regional planning and coordination. The likelihood of sharing overall responsibility for the health system also suggests thereis a need to involve the States more fully in processes for setting national policies.
This article draws heavily on a lecture presented at the Australian National University in October 2015. It includes an overview of Australia’s evolving federal arrangements and the context within which the current Federalism Review is being conducted. It suggests Australia will not return to ‘coordinate federalism’ with clearly distinct responsibilities, and that greater priority should be given to improving how we manage shared responsibilities.
There is a long history of Commonwealth involvement in health, and future reform should build on that rather than try to reverse direction. While critical of the proposals from the Commission of Audit and in the 2014 Budget, the lecture welcomed the more pragmatic approaches that seemed to be emerging from the Federalism Review discussion papers and contributions from some Premiers which could promote more sensible measures to improve both the effectiveness and the financial sustainability of Australia’s health and health insurance system.
The Commonwealth’s new political leadership in 2015 seemed interested in such measures and in moving away from the Abbott Government’s approach. But the legacy of that approach severely damaged the Turnbull Government in the 2016 federal election as it gave traction to Labor’s ‘Mediscare’ campaign. In addition to resetting the federalism debate as it affects health, the Turnbull Government now needs to articulate the principles of Medicare and to clarify the role of the private sector, including private health insurance, in Australia’s universal health insurance system. Labor also needs to address more honestly the role of the private sector and develop a more coherent policy itself.
Abbreviations: COAG – Council of Australian Governments; NHHRC – National Health and Hospitals Reform Commission; PHI – Private Health Insurance; VFI – Vertical Fiscal Imbalance.
Launching Hong Kong’s Healthcare Financing Reform: why continued inaction? 87
Authors: Lieu Geoffrey 
Published: February 2019

Hong Kong has sought without progress in the past 25 years to introduce reform proposals to enhance the long-term financial sustainability of its healthcare system. Through a systematic review of the consultation documents released over the years, this paper examines what might have been done right or wrong and pinpoints lessons learned for healthcare leaders, executives and reformers facing looming opportunities for reform. The findings suggest that the phased-approach of introducing reform options, involving step-by-step public consultations, to engaging the community to give their views on the healthcare financing reform options has not been effective. Other factors, including changes in the stewardship of the reform initiatives and the top-down elitist-led preparations of pre-launch work, added to the resultant inaction of not taking any of the reform proposals forward for launch and to produce reform. The study proposes that a broadly participatory approach, involving a wider base of members of the community in an inclusive guiding coalition charged to drive the reform from prelaunch to implementation, be undertaken. This coalition should start afresh and, based on renewed evidencebased assessments of the need and urgency of reform, proceed accordingly to formulate, if indicated, an overarching healthcare financing reform agenda that motivates people with conflicting interests to take mutually beneficial actions or that gives stakeholders the right incentives to work effectively together.
Influence of Politics on Accountability of Health Professionals in Bangladesh: An Analysis of the Quality of Health Service Delivery
Authors: Islam Mohammad Shafiqul 
Published: February 2019

This study explored the role and responsibility of elected officials including political actors and addressed the factors of politics, decentralisation, bureaucratic management, and political commitment to understanding accountability in health service delivery. This study used qualitative case studies for which a total of 68 in-depth interviews and five focus group discussions were conducted in two areas of rural and urban Bangladesh. The findings show that political actors have poor commitment to improving accountability and healthcare delivery. The elected officials are not interested in organising regular meetings and they are even reluctant to organise a health service committee to make health officials accountable. The opposition political parties have no participation in health service organisations as the existing political culture does not allow it. Moreover, elected officials have a limited administrative authority because of an inadequate decentralised health system that leads to poor accountability and inadequate healthcare delivery. Further, bureaucrats want to capture power and are unwilling to decentralise the health system. The policy recommendation includes the decentralisation of healthcare provision and increased participation of elected representatives in a decentralised system.
Abbreviations: ADP – Annual Development Plan; MP – Member of Parliament; NGO – Non Government Organisation; UHC – Upazilia Health Complex; UP – Upazilia Parishad.
Remaking Practices in the Redesign of a Primary Healthcare Program
Authors: Rule John , Dunston Roger , Solomon Nicky 
Published: February 2019

Objective: To develop a detailed account of changed practices in everyday work in the redesign of a primary healthcare program.
Design: The research aimed to produce layered and rich descriptions of the complex and multidimensional remaking of health practices. Empirical data was gathered through ethnographic methods including; interviewing, self-reporting, observation and shadowing. The subjects of the research were involved as active participants in the research design, data gathering and analysis.
Setting: HealthOne was a New South Wales government attempt to provide a local and responsive model to improve chronic disease management in primary and community healthcare settings. We report specifically on the HealthOne program implemented in a suburb of Western Sydney.
Main outcome measures: The research did not aim to evaluate the program but to uncover instances of professional learning though identifying changes in professional practice. These were noted and observed by the researchers and research participants or through reflexive conversations with the program planners, healthcare workers and the research team.
Results: Drawing on the work of a number of learning and practice-based theory writers, particularly those using a socio-material approach, we describe how practice change has occurred and how work practiceshave been remade at this site - especially in the role of the General Practice Liaison Nurse (GPLN).
Conclusions: The research demonstrated the potential for new categories and practices of health work to emerge; this was especially seen in the work of the GPLN but also extended to new ways of working through General Practitioners and community health networks.
Abbreviations: GP – General Practitioner; GPLN – General Practice Liaison Nurse.
Attracting Future Health Workforces in Geographically Remote Regions: perspectives from current remote health professionals
Authors: Onnis Leighanne 
Published: February 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify what has previously attracted health professionals to work in geographically remote regions, to identify the incentives that managers are currently using to attract health professionals to remote regions, and to determine whether they are comparable.
Design: This article examines the data from two separate, yet complementary, research studies. The first study used qualitative methods to investigate why health professionals choose to work in geographically remote regions through current remote health workforces. The second study investigated whether information communicated through recruitment advertising contained information congruent with the themes that attracted the current remote health professionals through a content analysis of recruitment advertisements. The findings from these two studies are then compared and contrasted and Psychological Contract Theory is used to examine the implications for health service managers.
Setting: This study was conducted in northern Australia, a remote tropical setting with geographically challenging working conditions.
Results: The findings revealed that recruitment advertisements contained information comparable with the themes that had attracted health professionals to work in remote regions. Most importantly, they highlight opportunities to better align recruitment practices, and provide insight into how unrealistic expectations lead to psychological contract breaches.
Conclusions: This study found that while recruitment advertisements are using appropriate content to attract health professionals to remote regions, there is considerable scope for improvement so that attraction translates into improved retention.
Assessing the Competence of Evidence-Informed Decision-Making Amongst Health Service Managers
Authors: Liang Zhangming , Howard Peter , Wollersheim Dennis 
Published: February 2019

Objective: Evidence-informed decision-making (EIDM) amongst health service managers has been positively linked to better decision outcome, hence more effective healthcare provision. Efforts to improve EIDM practice are required to meet the current challenging healthcare environment. One key step to improve such practices is skill enhancement. The purpose of the study is the measure the competence of mid-level managers in two Victorian hospitals in applying EIDM in their roles.
Design: The competence of 25 mid-level managers in applying EIDM in their roles was assessed via a 360° process using an online management competency assessment tool (MCAP Tool) and case-study objective assessment tool.
Setting: Mid-level managers working in Victorian hospitals were selected.
Main outcome measures: The competence of mid-level managers in applying the competency of EIDM was assessed. This paper discusses the areas of improvement identified in enhancing the competence of EIDM amongst mid-level managers in the group, organisational and individual levels Results: EIDM is an important competency for health service managers. Managers who participated in the assessment are competent in applying EIDM in their roles, but require guidance and improvements. Strengths and weaknesses of managers in applying EIDM in their roles varied between organisations.
Conclusion: This paper suggests that not only improvement of specific aspects of evidenceinformed decision-making amongst health service managers are required, additional more systematic changes at the organisational and individual management level are essential to achieve competent evidence-informed decision-making practices amongst health service managers.
Abbreviations: CCA – Combined Colleagues; CEO – Chief Executive Officer; EIDM – Evidence Informed Decision Making; OA – Objective Assessment; SA – Self Assessment.
Healthcare Workforce in Indonesia
Authors: Suryanto Suryanto , Boyle Malcolm , Plummer Virginia 
Published: February 2019

Introduction: Imbalanced distribution of healthcare providers between urban and rural areas is one of the difficulties facing health service provision in Indonesia. Several regulations have been made by the governmentto solve the problem. The objective of this paper is to describe the provision of human resources for healthcare services in Indonesia.
Methodology: A review of medical related electronic databases, CINAHL and Ovid MEDLINE, was undertaken from their commencement date until the end of January 2017. The grey literature from the Indonesian government, the World Health Organisation and the World Bank websites was also searched.
Results: There were 92 articles identified from the CINAHL and 222 articles from the Ovid MEDLINE databases. Five articles were included from the two databases and five documents from grey literature with ten articles to be reviewed.
Discussion: Nurses and midwives account for the largest proportion of healthcare providers in Indonesia. The ratio of healthcare providers in Indonesia is lower than the average of South-East Asian and other lower middle income countries. More than half of the healthcare providers in Indonesia provide care in community health centres. Several regulations have been proclaimed to improve the imbalanced proportion of healthcare providers across the country.
Conclusion: Indonesia continues to develop strategies towards successful distribution of healthcare providers across the country. A study investigating the impact of the programs reducing the imbalanced distribution of healthcare providers on health outcomes is essential for Indonesia.