bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation of magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging parameters with American Spinal Injury Association score for prognostication and long-term outcomes
Authors: Shabani Saman , Kaushal Mayank , Budde Matthew , Kurpad Shekar N. 
Published: March 2019

OBJECTIVEConventional MRI is routinely used to demonstrate the anatomical site of spinal cord injury (SCI). However, quantitative and qualitative imaging parameters have limited use in predicting neurological outcomes. Currently, there are no reliable neuroimaging biomarkers to predict short- and long-term outcome after SCI.METHODSA prospective cohort of 23 patients with SCI (19 with cervical SCI [CSCI] and 4 with thoracic SCI [TSCI]) treated between 2007 and 2014 was included in the study. The American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) score was determined at the time of arrival and at 1-year follow-up. Only 15 patients (12 with CSCI and 3 with TSCI) had 1-year follow-up. Whole-cord fractional anisotropy (FA) was determined at C1–2, following which C1–2 was divided into upper, middle, and lower segments and the corresponding FA value at each of these segments was calculated. Correlation analysis was performed between FA and ASIA score at time of arrival and 1-year follow-up.RESULTSCorrelation analysis showed a positive but nonsignificant correlation (p = 0.095) between FA and ASIA score for all patients (CSCI and TCSI) at the time of arrival. Additional regression analysis consisting of only patients with CSCI showed a significant correlation (p = 0.008) between FA and ASIA score at time of arrival as well as at 1-year follow-up (p = 0.025). Furthermore, in case of patients with CSCI, a significant correlation between FA value at each of the segments (upper, middle, and lower) of C1–2 and ASIA score at time of arrival was found (p = 0.017, p = 0.015, and p = 0.002, respectively).CONCLUSIONSIn patients with CSCI, the measurement of diffusion anisotropy of the high cervical cord (C1–2) correlates significantly with injury severity and long-term follow-up. However, this correlation is not seen in patients with TSCI. Therefore, FA can be used as an imaging biomarker for evaluating neural injury and monitoring recovery in patients with CSCI.
The role of diffusion tensor imaging in the diagnosis, prognosis, and assessment of recovery and treatment of spinal cord injury: a systematic review
Authors: Zaninovich Orel A. , Avila Mauricio J. , Kay Matthew , Becker Jennifer L. , Hurlbert R. John , Martirosyan Nikolay L. 
Published: March 2019

OBJECTIVEDiffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is an MRI tool that provides an objective, noninvasive, in vivo assessment of spinal cord injury (SCI). DTI is significantly better at visualizing microstructures than standard MRI sequences. In this imaging modality, the direction and amplitude of the diffusion of water molecules inside tissues is measured, and this diffusion can be measured using a variety of parameters. As a result, the potential clinical application of DTI has been studied in several spinal cord pathologies, including SCI. The aim of this study was to describe the current state of the potential clinical utility of DTI in patients with SCI and the challenges to its use as a tool in clinical practice.METHODSA search in the PubMed database was conducted for articles relating to the use of DTI in SCI. The citations of relevant articles were also searched for additional articles.RESULTSAmong the most common DTI metrics are fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity. Changes in these metrics reflect changes in tissue integrity. Several DTI metrics and combinations thereof have demonstrated significant correlations with clinical function both in model species and in humans. Its applications encompass the full spectrum of the clinical assessment of SCI including diagnosis, prognosis, recovery, and efficacy of treatments in both the spinal cord and potentially the brain.CONCLUSIONSDTI and its metrics have great potential to become a powerful clinical tool in SCI. However, the current limitations of DTI preclude its use beyond research and into clinical practice. Further studies are needed to significantly improve and resolve these limitations as well as to determine reliable time-specific changes in multiple DTI metrics for this tool to be used accurately and reliably in the clinical setting.
Efficacy of riluzole in the treatment of spinal cord injury: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Srinivas Shanmukha , Wali Arvin R. , Pham Martin H. 
Published: March 2019

OBJECTIVERiluzole is a glutamatergic modulator that has recently shown potential for neuroprotection after spinal cord injury (SCI). While the effects of riluzole are extensively documented in animal models of SCI, there remains heterogeneity in findings. Moreover, there is a paucity of data on the pharmacology of riluzole and its effects in humans. For the present study, the authors systematically reviewed the literature to provide a comprehensive understanding of the effects of riluzole in SCI.METHODSThe PubMed database was queried from 1996 to September 2018 to identify animal studies and clinical trials involving riluzole administration for SCI. Once articles were identified, they were processed for year of publication, study design, subject type, injury model, number of subjects in experimental and control groups, dose, timing/route of administration, and outcomes.RESULTSA total of 37 studies were included in this study. Three placebo-controlled clinical trials were included with a total of 73 patients with a mean age of 39.1 years (range 18–70 years). For the clinical trials included within this study, the American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale distributions for SCI were 42.6% grade A, 25% grade B, 26.6% grade C, and 6.2% grade D. Key findings from studies in humans included decreased nociception, improved motor function, and attenuated spastic reflexes. Twenty-six animal studies (24 in vivo, 1 in vitro, and 1 including both in vivo and in vitro) were included. A total of 520 animals/in vitro specimens were exposed to riluzole and 515 animals/in vitro specimens underwent other treatment for comparison. The average dose of riluzole for intraperitoneal, in vivo studies was 6.5 mg/kg (range 1–10 mg/kg). Key findings from animal studies included behavioral improvement, histopathological tissue sparing, and modified electrophysiology after SCI. Eight studies examined the pharmacology of riluzole in SCI. Key findings from pharmacological studies included riluzole dose-dependent effects on glutamate uptake and its modified bioavailability after SCI in both animal and clinical models.CONCLUSIONSSCI has many negative sequelae requiring neuroprotective intervention. While still relatively new in its applications for SCI, both animal and human studies demonstrate riluzole to be a promising pharmacological intervention to attenuate the devastating effects of this condition.
La vanité et le tragique existentiel dans l’œuvre durassienne
Authors: Ledwina Anna 
Published: March 2019

L’œuvre de Marguerite Duras est une profonde réflexion sur la vanité de la condition humaine. Ses ouvrages présentent l’individu qui se rend compte de l’impossibilité à vivre dans un monde privé de sens et hostile où tous les efforts pour changer le cours des événements ou d’améliorer son sort se révèlent insignifiants. Ainsi, ils expriment la vanité de toute action humaine, de tout engagement par rapport à une fatalité cruelle des êtres humains. Cet état de choses, résulte, semble-t-il, d’un lien inséparable de la vie et de la mort, inscrit dans la nature humaine.
Les textes durassiens reflètent la fin d’un tel monde ainsi que les avatars absurdes d’un malheur inévitable. De façon dramatique, l’auteure démontre le tragique existentiel lié, en particulier, à l’injustice, au désespoir, à la souffrance. Impuissants, égarés dans un univers incertain, les personnages durassiens se soumettent passivement à un destin inexorable.
La vanité ou le miroir des faux-semblants dans Chaque heure blesse de Raoul Danaho
Authors: Danglades Mylène 
Published: March 2019

La vanité, dans sa représentation la plus générale, nous invite à arrêter quelques instants notre course en avant, à mettre de côté nos divers agissements et à nous interroger sur notre destinée. La littérature, la peinture se focalisent souvent sur la fragilité de la vie. Elle est comparée à un souffle, à une vapeur qui paraît pour peu de temps. Les biens terrestres, les plaisirs mondains paraissent vains et éphémères et la quête incessante de l’homme toute aussi illusoire. Raoul Danaho, dans son roman Chaque heure blesse, publié en 1968, évoque l’histoire d’un jeune homme qui cherche sa propre identité et sa propre place dans le monde. Albert, cet homme originaire de Cayenne, s’est retrouvé à Paris, mais il n’y trouve pas la tranquillité souhaitée. La vie ne présente aucun attrait à ses yeux. Il doit « s’efforcer de vivre ». Il se sent vide, incapable de fusionner avec le monde environnant et l’écriture de Danaho devient par là même fragmentaire comme pour « réfléchir » la vanité de l’existence. Albert cherchera -t-il « vainement » à « poursuivre sa route », « ce tâtonnement dans le noir, cette marche aveugle dans la nuit » ou la rhétorique de la vanité se distendra-t-elle donc pour lui permettre de trouver une voie salutaire ? La Rochefoucauld énonçait avec une certaine acuité les propos suivants, renvoyant l’homme à lui-même, à ses semblables et au prisme réfléchissant: « Ce qui nous rend la vanité des autres insupportable, c’est qu’elle blesse la nôtre» (1664, 390). Nous sommes en droit de nous demander si la lumière parviendra à atteindre et à irradier le cœur humain.
Pilomatrixoma proliferante una rara variante histopatológica simulando un carcinoma de células escamosas.
Authors: Kaplan Viera , Martinez-Cerda Guisella Andrea , Ojeda-Heise Eric , Jeraldo Cecilia 
Published: March 2019

Resumen:El Pilomatrixoma es un tumor anexial benigno. Presenta una variante histopatológica infrecuente denominada pilomatrixoma proliferante reportada en 1997 por Kaddu et al. Corresponde a una lesión compuesta predominantemente por una proliferación lobular de células basaloides, con atipia nuclear variable y figuras mitóticas, áreas focales que contienen material cornificado eosinófilo, junto con células sombra. Se propuso al pilomatrixoma proliferante como un subconjunto histopatológico distintivo del pilomatrixoma y se consideró como una variante proliferativa con un perfil histopatológico benigno. La dermatoscopía en este tumor, sobre todo en pacientes de edad avanzada, puede llegar a constituir una trampa dermatoscópica, que es difícil de diferenciar de otras lesiones, como el melanoma o el carcinoma de células basales. Existen múltiples reportes de casos en la literatura donde se informa de pilomatrixomas clásicos o proliferantes simulando otras neoplasias. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 88 años con pilomatrixoma proliferante facial que simuló clínicamente un carcinoma de células escamosas y llevó a confusión diagnóstica inicial, se destacan las características histopatológicas y clínicas de los pilomatrixomas proliferantes. Abstract:Pilomatrixoma is a benign adnexal tumor. It has an infrequent histopathological variant called proliferating pilomatrixoma reported in 1997 by Kaddu et al. It corresponds to a lesion composed predominantly by a lobar proliferation of basaloid cells, with variable nuclear atypia and mitotic figures, focal areas containing eosinophilic cornified material, together with shadow cells. The proliferating pilomatrixoma was proposed as a distinctive histopathological subset of the pilomatrixoma and was considered as a proliferative variant with a benign histopathological profile. Dermatoscopy in this tumor, especially in elderly patients, can result in a dermatoscopic trap, which makes it difficult to differentiate from other lesions, such as melanoma or basal cell carcinoma. There are multiple reports of cases in the literature where classic or proliferating pilomatrixomas were reported simulating other neoplasms. We present the case of an 88-year-old patient with a proliferating facial pilomatrixoma that clinically simulated a squamous cell carcinoma and led to an initial diagnostic confusion, highlighting the histopathological and clinical characteristics of the proliferating pilomatrixoma.
BUILDING EFL STUDENTS’ SELF-CONFIDENCE, MOTIVATION, AND ABILITY IN LISTENING ENGLISH 2.0
Authors: Hastowohadi Hastowohadi , Kumaini Ruston 
Published: March 2019

The study investigates the relationship among self-confidence, motivation, and the ability of listening skill by using using 2.0. It occured when some students getting difficulty to respond listening record, they did not get any motivation while listening section is was tested to them, and practically they got less confidence to share their answer. I used mobile phone as a tool to transfer listening material, process to maintain listening class more attractive to the students. It could build up students’ self confidence, motivation, and ability in listening class. Based on the implementation of listening English 2.0, the major findings were; the students felt motivated, confidence, and built up their ability where they are correlated. They feel confidence to answer questions regarding to listening material. The students felt self confidence. These findings provide a valuable framework for lecturer/instructor in English as a Foreign Language to build up those aspects by using technology 2.0.
Philosophical Paradigm of Literary Translation: Phenomenon of Misunderstanding of ‘Other’ Word and Text
Authors: Limborskyi Ihor 
Published: March 2019

The paper analyzes philosophic aspects of the translator’s misunderstanding of the original text which always reflects cultural and mental experience of the ‘other’ system of literary thinking. The translator is a mediator, who not only tries to insert a literary word and a text into ‘our’ culture, but also depicts ‘other’ reality in terms of symbols and images of the ‘other’ system of national understanding of senses. It is obvious that there are a lot of mental and semantic differences and transformations between the original text and the translation. This is a problem with a specific metaphysical status, when the misunderstanding of the original text may be caused by a number of aspects, some of which lie outside the text itself and its translation. The search for the new forms of thinking beyond the traditional stereotypes of rationality and self-evidence of “cogito” creates a new approach to the tasks and the essence of literary translation. Today one may confidently say that a new ethics, psychology and aesthetics of literary translation were born. The postmodern crisis of communication, as well as multicultural diversity and transcultural dialogue stimulated new forms and mechanisms for representing ‘other’ cultural experience (the experience of the ‘other’ / ‘alien’).
According to the new paradigm of literary translation the translator must be focused on the philosophical aspects of the translation process. This is not only about the connection between the ‘subject’ and the ‘word’, or ‘thought’ and ‘experience’ that should have been reproduced in translation, but also about a specific metaphysical basis for the new process of thinking about a word and its role in overcoming the situation of misunderstanding of the ‘other’ literary text that presents other literary national tradition.
The author of the paper comes to the conclusion that the phenomenon of misunderstanding of the ‘other’ word and text stems from the possibility of reading and rereading the text falsely. At the same time, the ‘misunderstanding’ of the original text gives an important chance to the translator for reading and rereading the original text alternatively.
Model Adaptasi Permainan Papan Tradisional Macanan ke dalam Perancangan Permainan Digital
Authors: Khamadi Khamadi , Senoprabowo Abi 
Published: March 2019

AbstrakPermainan Macanan merupakan permainan papan tradisional yang diteliti penulis setelah Bas-basan Sepur (2013). Permainan Macanan memiliki nilai keunikan tersendiri baik di sisi budaya maupun nilai edukasinya. Salah satu yang menonjol selain bentuk permainannya adalah adanya pion Macan yang tidak dimiliki oleh permainan tradisional lain sejenis. Aturan permainan Macanan dirasa memiliki kedekatan dengan budaya gropyokan Macan yang pernah menjadi budaya di kerajaan Jawa. Begitu tingginya nilai budaya yang dimiliki tidak membuat permainan Macanan ini digemari oleh masyarakat khususnya anak-anak. Permainan Macanan telah tergeser oleh budaya lainnya, baik budaya modern maupun budaya tradisi lainnya. Penelitian ini kembali mengusulkan suatu rancangan model adaptasi permainan Macanan ke dalam permainan digital sebagai upaya pelestarian budaya permainan tradisional yang lebih dinamis. Model adaptasi ini menggunakan metode transformasi budaya tradisi ATUMICS untuk menganalisis elemen budaya permainan Macanan menurut teknik (technique), kegunaan (utility), materi (material), ikon (icon), konsep (concept), dan bentuknya (shape). Sesuai prinsip seleksi dalam proses adaptasi, selanjutnya elemen yang dapat dipertahankan akan dipadukan dalam sebuah struktur permainan digital yang menarik. Sebagai hasilnya adalah sebuah rancangan model permainan digital baru yang menarik dan tetap mempertahankan nilai budaya permainan Macanan di dalamnya. Kata kunci: adaptasi, Macanan, permainan papan tradisional Abstract Macanan is a traditional board game which examined by the author after Bas-basan Sepur in 2013. Macanan game has an unique value both in the culture and education values. One thing that stands out besides the arena game shape is their pawn tiger (Macan) that does not exist in the other. The game rules of Macanan perceived closeness to the Gropyokan Macan tradition that had been in Royal Javanese culture. However, it’s high culture values did not make Macanan is loved by the people, especially the children. Macanan game now displaced by other cultures, both modern culture and other cultural traditions. This study re-propose a draft model of adaptation Macanan game into the digital game as an effort to preserve traditional culture. This adaptation model using traditional cultural transformation ATUMICS to analyze the cultural elements Macanan game according to the technique (technique), utility (utility), material (material), icons (icon), concept (concept), and form (shape). Furthermore, the elements that can be maintained will be combined in a digital game structure.The result is a new model of ditigal games that attract and still maintain the culture value of Macanan game. Keywords: adaptation, Macanan, traditional board game
City of Madness: Sebuah Potret Esai Fotografi Orang Dengan Masalah Kejiwaan (ODMK) Jalanan
Authors: Wikan Daniar 
Published: March 2019

AbstrakCity Of Madness: Sebuah Potret Esai Fotografi Orang Dengan Masalah Kejiwaan (ODMK) Jalanan adalah sebuah upaya dalam memotret kehidupan ODMK khususnya yang terlantar di jalanan. Fotografi potret dalam City of Madness mencoba memberi penggambaran ikonik secara detail dari ODMK yang terlantar, gambaran tersebut mulai dari mimik wajah, bentuk tubuh, cara berpakaiaan, serta ciri-ciri fisik lainnya. Dalam rangkaian karya fotografi City of Madness, fotografer memotret orang gila yang ditemui di jalan-jalan kota Semarang –Yogyakarta secara tidak terduga. Foto orang gila atau lebih tepatnya ikon orang gila dihadirkan kembali dalam sebuah frame foto jurnalistik potraiture. Foto tersebut secara tersirat merekam secara detail ciri-ciri visual yang ada dalam diri mereka. Kata kunci : Fotografi Esai, Potret, Orang Gila Jalanan AbstractA Photographic Essay ODMK street is an effort in portraying the lives ODMK (People With Psychiatric Problems), particularly displaced in the streets. Portrait photography in the City of Madness try to give a detailed depiction of the iconic ODMK displaced, these images ranging from facial expressions, body shape, how to dress, as well as other physical characteristics. photographer portrays a madman who met in Semarang and Jogjakarta city streets. Photo madman or rather iconic madman reintroduced in a frame of photojournalism potraiture. The photos were implicitly recording visual icon of madmad. Keyword : Photographic Essay, Potraiture, Madman
Model Tranformasi Mainan Warak Ngendog sebagai Upaya Pelestarian Budaya Mainan Tradisional Kota Semarang
Authors: Senoprabowo Abi , Khamadi Khamadi 
Published: March 2019

AbstrakMainan Warak Ngendog merupakan media pembelajaran orang tua kepada anak agar mereka menjaga mainan tersebut dengan cara menjalankan ibadah puasa dengan baik sehingga mendapat endog (telur). Namun, anak-anak sekarang lebih mengemari karakter-karakter seperti Doraemon dan Upin ipin yang tercermin pada jenis mainan yang dijual pada saat Dugderan. Hal ini membuat mainan Warak Ngendog semakin tergeser dan mulai dilupakan padahal di dalamnya terdapat nilai budaya, nilai moral, dan nilai keterampilan yang dapat membantu perkembangan sosial dan kecerdasan motorik, afektif serta kognitif anak. Mainan tradisional agar tetap lestari harus mampu mengikuti perkembangan zaman. Sehingga dengan memanfaatkan perkembangan IPTEK saat ini, mainan Warak Ngendog dapat ditransformasikan ke dalam bentuk mainan yang modern dengan tetap mempertahankan nilai budaya tradisinya. Penelitian ini mengusulkan tranformasi mainan tradisional Warak Ngendog melalui metode ATUMICS. Metode ATUMICS menganalisis elemen budaya menurut teknik (technique), kegunaan (utility), materi (material), ikon (icon), konsep (concept), dan bentuknya (shape). Sesuai prinsip seleksi dalam proses transformasi, elemen budaya yang dapat dipertahankan akan dipadukan dengan unsur mainan saat ini yang lebih menarik bagi anak-anak. Sebagai hasil akhirnya didapatkan model mainan modern hasil transformasi mainan tradisional Warak Ngendog seperti mainan berbentuk action figure, model kit, hingga aplikasi game. Kata kunci: budaya, mainan, transformasi, Warak Ngendog. AbstractWarak Ngendog toy is a learning media for children to carry out fast so they get endog (eggs). However, children are now more interested in characters like Doraemon and Upin Ipin which are seen in the kinds of toys sold at Dugderan. This makes Warak Ngendog toy increasingly shifted and forgotten. Whereas, there are cultural values, moral values, and skill values that can help social development and motoric, affective and cognitive intelligence of children. Traditional toys to stay sustainable must be able to keep up with the times. By utilizing the development of science and technology today, Warak Ngendog toy can be transformed into a modern toy form while maintaining its traditional cultural value. This research proposes the transformation of Warak Ngendog toy through the ATUMICS method. The ATUMICS method analyzes cultural elements according to technique, utility, material, icon, concept, and shape. In accordance with the principle of selection in the transformation process, cultural elements that can be maintained will be combined with elements of toys that are more attractive to children today. As a result, there are several modern toy models that have been transformed by the traditional Warak Ngendog toy like the action figure, model kit, and game application. Keyword: culture, toys, transformation, Warak Ngendog.