bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The expression of human relations and subcultural reflections in Neil Simon’s plays in the context of Jewish-American literature of the second half of 20th century
Authors: Nersesyan Ani 
Published: November 2024

This article is related to the topic of human studies and literary discourse as well as the problems of historical memory, politics, search of identity. The research is mainly focused on the interrelation of personal and family issues in the literary heritage of Jewish-American writer Neil Simon and his specific approach in his writing style.The main approach is that problems of identity and self- estimation are based on the historical development of the USA which is commonly known as the “history of emigrants”. Thus, this history combines dual identity which is reflected in Neil Simon’s plays.Accordingly, Neil Simon develops a style, where we may notice the influence of his family, Jewish history, and Jewish-American culture. Humor was the main tool for his characters to get through this life. Simon uses satire to illustrate problems his heroes face from an ironic perspective. Being a Jewish who lived in the USA, some of Simon’s characters are also Jews who are in search of a better life in another country. That creates a methodological basis and an opportunity for a deeper understanding and interpretation of the work of one of the brightest representatives of modern literature.
Fundamental study on non-invasive blood glucose sensing
Authors: Xu Kexin , Li Qingbo , Lu Zhang , Jiang Jingying 
Published: November 2024

Diabetes is a disease which severely threatens the health of human beings. Unfortunately, current monitoring techniques with finger sticks discourage the regular use. Noninvasive spectroscopic measurement of blood glucose is a simple and painless technique, and reduces the long-term health care costs of diabetic patients due to no reagents. It is suitable for home use. Moreover, the establishment of the methodology not only applies to blood glucose noninvasive measurement, but also can be extended to noninvasive measurement of other analytes in body fluid, which will be of important significance for the development of the technique of clinical analysis. In this paper, some fundamental researches, which have been achieved in our laboratory in the field of non-invasive blood glucose measurement, were introduced. 1. Fundamental research was done for the glucose concentrations from simple to complex samples with near and middle infrared spectroscopy: (1) the relationship between the instrument precision and prediction accuracy of the glucose measurement; (2) the change of the result of the quantitative measurement with the change of the complexity of samples; (3) the attempt of increasing the prediction accuracy of the glucose measurement by improving the methods of modeling. The research results showed that it is feasible for non-invasive blood glucose measurement with near and middle infrared spectroscopy in theory, and the experimental results, from simple to complex samples, proved that it is effective for the methodology consisting of hardware and software. 2. According to the characteristics of human body measurement, the effects of measuring conditions on measurement results, such as: (1) the effect of measurement position; (2) the effect of measurement pressure; (3) the effect of measurement site; (4) the effect of measured individual, were investigated. With the fundamental researches, the special problems of human body measurement were solved. In addition, the practical and effective method of noninvasive human blood glucose measurement was proposed.
A pilot investigation of new superparamagnetic iron oxide	(ferumoxytol) as a contrast agent for cardiovascular MRI
Authors: Prince Martin R. , Zhang Hong Lei , Chabra Shalini G. , Jacobs Paula , Wang Yi 
Published: November 2024

Purpose: To evaluate the imaging potential of ferumoxytol, a new superparamagnetic iron oxide colloidal blood pool contrast agent. Materials and Methods: Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging at 1.5 Tesla was performed before and after intravenous injection of ferumoxytol using escalating doses of 0.4, 0.8, 1.2 and 1.6 mg Fe/kg for a total of 4 mg Fe/kg in five subjects imaged with 3D MR Angiography (MRA) of the trifurcation after each dose. In five subjects cardiac cine MRI was performed pre and post 4.0 mg Fe/kg. Image quality was assessed by measuring signal to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) in the vascular structures. Pre- and post-dose urine and blood tests as well as EKG/vital sign monitoring were performed to evaluate safety and blood samples were collected for T1 relaxivity measurements. Results: Cumulative doses of 0, 0.4, 1.2, 2.4 and 4 mg Fe/kg yielded mean SNR in the arteries of 10, 16, 39, 57 and 69 respectively indicating that the higher doses produced higher SNR on 3D vascular images. Similarly aorta SNR on 2D time-of-flight increased from 11.8 without Fe to 15.4 post Fe (p = 0.004) indicating improved image quality on MRA sequences optimized for use without contrast. At 4 mg Fe/kg there was a substantial T1 shortening measured in the blood from 1990 ± 573 ms to 80 ± 42 ms (p < 0.0001), corresponding to the increased SNR. Images of large vascular structures including cardiac chambers, aorta, and pulmonary arteries were excellent post ferumoxytol but images of smaller arteries of the trifurcation were difficult to evaluate due to enhancement of the overlapping veins. No serious adverse events occurred. Conclusion: The new superparamagnetic iron oxide colloid ferumoxytol is a promising blood pool agent especially for cardiac, aorta and pulmonary imaging.
Patient exposure dose for chest and skull radiographies in	Mazandaran hospitals
Authors: Etemadinezhad Siavash , Rahimi Seyed Ali 
Published: November 2024

Background and purpose: Radiographic techniques are essential methods of diagnosis, and their use has been increased, especially with the development of the new technologies. Inappropriate administration of these techniques may put both the patients and personnel at unnecessary risks. The objective of this research was to measure the skin dose of chest and skull radiographies used in Mazandaran hospitals and to compare these doses with national and international standards. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, six X-ray generators at six hospitals affiliated to Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences were included. One hundred and twenty patients referred to the radiology wards for radiographic examinations of chest and skull with normal body mass index (BMI) were selected (20 patients for each radiography unit). The generators were matched for mAs, kvp, type of amplifier sheets, and technical conditions as much as possible. Calibrated thermo luminescence dosimeters (TLD-USA, Lif-100) were used to measure the skin dose by placing them on the patients' back and the absorbed doses by TLDs were read by a TLD reader (model: Harshuu, TLD3500, Japan). Results: The mean values of the skin dose were 0.51 mGray for posteroanterior (PA), chest X-ray (CXR), 3.36 mGray for lateral CXR, 7.25 mGray for anterroposterior (AP) or PA skull X-rays, and 7.59 mGray for lateral skull X-rays. The measured values were higher than the national and international standards. Conclusion: The results of this research revealed that the conditions of the X-ray generators should be monitored and modified periodically. Modifying the X-ray generators plus improving technicians' skills would, to some extent, reduce the radiation exposure of the patients.
X-ray and optical crystallographic parameters investigations of	high frequency induction melted Al-(α-Al$_{2}$O$_{3}$)	alloys
Authors: Bourbia A. , Draissia M. , Bedboudi H. , Boulkhessaim S. , Debili M.Y. 
Published: November 2024

This article deals with the microstructural strengthening mechanisms of aluminium by means of hard α-Al $_{2}$ O $_{3}$ alumina fine particles. A broad of understanding views covering materials preparations, elaboration process, characterization techniques and associated microstructural characteristic parameters measurements is given. In order to investigate the microstructural characteristic parameters and the mechanical strengthening mechanisms of pure aluminium by hard fine particles, a set of Al-(α-Al $_{2}$ O $_{3}$ ) alloys samples were made under vacuum by high fusion temperature melting, the high frequency (HF) process, and rapidly solidified under ambient temperature from a mixture of cold-compacted high-pure fine Al and α-Al $_{2}$ O $_{3}$ powders. The as-solidified Al-(α-Al $_<FORMULA>_{2}$ O $_{3}$ ) alloys were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses, optical microscopy observations and Vickers microhardness tests in both brut and heat-treated states. It was found that the as-solidified HF Al-(α-Al $_{2}$ O $_{3}$ ) alloys with compositions below 4 wt.% (α-Al $_{2}<FORMULA>_O<FORMULA>_{3}$ ) are single-phase microstructures of the solid solution FCC Al phase and over two-phase microstructures of the solid solution FCC Al and the Rhombohedral α-Al $_{2}$ O $_{3}$ phases. The optical micrographs reveal the presence of a grain size refinement in these alloys. Vickers microhardness of the as-solidified Al-(α-Al $_{2}$ O $_{3}$ ) is increased by means of pure fine α-Al $_{2}$ O $_{3}$ alumina particles. These combined effects of strengthening and grain size refinement observed in the as-solidified Al-(α-Al $_{2}$ O $_{3}$ ) alloys are essentially due to a strengthening of Al by the α-Al $_{2}$ O $_{3}$ alumina particles insertion in the (HF) melted and rapidly solidified alloys.
Correction of image artifacts from treatment couch in cone-beam CT	from kV on-board imaging
Authors: Ali Imad , Ahmad Salahuddin , Alsbou Nesreen , Lovelock Dale-Michael , Kriminski Sergey , Amols Howard 
Published: November 2024

Purpose: To investigate image artifacts caused by a standard treatment couch on cone-beam CT (CBCT) images from a kV on-board imager and to develop an algorithm based on spatial domain filtering to remove image artifacts in CBCT induced by the treatment couch. Methods: Image artifacts in CBCT induced by the treatment couch were quantified by scanning a phantom used to quantify CT image performance. This was performed by scanning the phantom setup on a regular treatment couch and in air with the kV on-board imager. An algorithm was developed to filter image artifacts from the treatment couch by processing of cone-beam radiographic projections using two scans: one scan of the phantom and treatment couch and a second scan of the treatment couch only. This algorithm is based on a pixel-by-pixel removal of beam attenuation due to the treatment couch from each projection of the phantom and couch scan. The net couch-filtered projections were then used to reconstruct CBCT. Results: We found that the treatment couch causes considerable image artifacts: CT number uniformity is degraded and varies as much as 15%, and noise in CBCT scans with phantom plus couch (3.5%) is higher than for the phantom in air (1.5%). The spatial domain filtering technique reduces noise by more than 1.5%, improves uniformity by a factor of 2, and removes ringing and streaking artifacts related to the standard treatment couch in CBCT reconstructed from couch-filtered projections. This filtering technique was tested successfully to filter other hardware objects such as a patient immobilization body-fix frame. Conclusions: The standard treatment couch causes image artifact in CBCT from kV on-board imaging systems. The spatial domain filtering technique developed in this work improves image quality of CBCT by preprocessing the projections prior to CBCT reconstruction. This technique might be useful to filter other hardware objects from CBCT which may contribute to the degradation of image quality.
Modeling the determinants of smoking behavior among young adults in Khuzestan province: a two-level count regression approach
Authors: Satyar Homayoun , Ahmadi Angali Kambiz , Ghorbani Somayeh , Kamyari Naser , Seyedtabib Maryam 
Published: November 2024

PurposeThis study investigates the determinants of smoking behavior among young adults in Khuzestan province, southwest Iran, using two-level count regression models. Given the high prevalence of smoking-related diseases and the social impact of smoking, understanding the factors influencing smoking habits is crucial for effective public health interventions.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 1,973 individuals aged 18–35 years, using data from the Daily Smoking Consumption Survey (DSCS) in Khuzestan province collected in 2023. A variety of count regression models, including Poisson, Negative Binomial, Conway–Maxwell Poisson, and their zero-inflated counterparts, were evaluated. The best-fitting model was selected based on goodness-of-fit indices.ResultsApproximately 90% of participants were non-smokers. Among smokers, the prevalence of light, moderate, and heavy smoking was 47.7, 19.0, and 33.3%, respectively. The two-level Zero-Inflated Conway–Maxwell Poisson (ZICMP) model provided the appropriate fit for the data. Key determinants of daily cigarette consumption included gender, age, education, and Body Mass Index (BMI). Men consumed 3.24 times more cigarettes per day than women. Higher education levels were inversely related to smoking intensity, with MSc/PhD holders having significantly lower smoking rates. Age and BMI also significantly influenced smoking behavior, with younger and obese individuals showing lower smoking rates.ConclusionThe use of advanced count models capable of handling numerous zeros and overdispersion is crucial for accurately analyzing trends in cigarette consumption across different population groups. The results indicate that factors such as older age, lower education levels, and gender differences influence smoking behavior. Therefore, prevention strategies aimed at delaying the onset of smoking, particularly among men, and promoting education among adolescents can effectively reduce smoking rates. However, further research should consider additional socioeconomic variables and encompass a broader age range to enhance the understanding of smoking behavior.
Employment and deployment of additional staff roles in general practice: a realist evaluation of what works for whom, how, and why
Authors: McDermott Imelda , Spooner Sharon , Checkland Kath 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundThe Additional Roles Reimbursement Scheme (ARRS) was introduced in England in 2019 to alleviate workforce pressures in general practice by funding additional staff such as clinical pharmacists, paramedics, first-contact physiotherapists, and from 1 October 2024 the scheme funds recently qualified GPs. However, the employment and deployment models of ARRS staff present ongoing complexities and challenges that require further exploration.AimTo explore the decision-making processes behind primary care networks (PCNs) and general practice staffing choices, and how these choices influence the operationalisation of ARRS.Design and settingThis was a qualitative case study across four PCNs in England using a realist evaluation framework.MethodData collection took place between September 2022 and November 2023. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with PCN clinical directors, GPs, practice managers, and ARRS staff (n= 42). Transcripts were analysed using a realist evaluation framework to identify the context–mechanism–outcome configurations.ResultsDirect employment models fostered staff development and retention, contingent on established trust among practices. Subcontracting was favoured to mitigate employment risks but could lead to unintended consequences such as conflicting accountabilities and less integration with existing GP practice staff. The optimal deployment model involved rotations across a limited number of GP practices, ideally two, with one serving as a base, ensuring consistency in training and management.ConclusionThis study provides novel insights into the complexities of different employment and deployment models of ARRS staff. These findings will be invaluable for creating a sustainable GP practice workforce and informing future workforce strategies as the scheme expands to include recently qualified GPs.
Проблемные вопросы разработки и внедрения Цифрового кодекса Российской Федерации
Authors: В.К. Сарьян , П.И. Антонович 
Published: November 2024

Проведен обзор и анализ причин, обусловливающих разработку Цифрового кодекса Российской Федерации, предложен один из механизмов формирования нормативной правовой и технической базы для упорядочения отношений между участниками процессов информационного цифрового взаимодействия.
The review and analysis of the reasons for the development of the Digital code of the Russian Federation is carried out, one of the mechanisms for the formation of a regulatory legal and technical framework for streamlining relations between participants in the processes of information digital interaction is proposed.
Compact, low-loss, and broadband 2 × 2 Si optical coupler designed by covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy
Authors: Miyatake Yuto , Toprasertpong Kasidit , Takagi Shinichi , Takenaka Mitsuru 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate compact, low-loss, and broadband 2 × 2 Si optical couplers on a Si photonic platform designed using the covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy (CMA-ES). The measured minimum insertion losses (ILs) in the C-band were 0.071 dB, 0.016 dB, 0.016 dB, and 45%–55% optical bandwidth were 140 nm, 136 nm, and 139 nm for device lengths of 7.56 μm, 9.64 μm, and 12.32 μm, respectively. The ILs are smaller than ever reported in 2 × 2 optical couplers shorter than 10 μm, and the optical bandwidths are much larger than a conventional directional coupler. The results validate the effectiveness of the proposed CMA-ES-based design method, extending the scope of application of our design method to the design of passive devices on Si photonics platform.
Hemorragia Gastrointestinal: Mecanismos Fisiopatológicos, Diagnóstico Diferencial e Abordagens Terapêuticas Atuais – Uma Revisão Abrangente
Authors: Melo Marieli de Almeida , Carvalho Rusy Lennon Veloso de , Melo Luiz Felipe Oliveira de , Moura Ana Julia Costa , Gotardo Eduardo , Sousa Eduardo de Lima , Pinto Ivo da Silva , Silva Walber José Gonzaga da , Ponte Sabrina Aguiar , Loureiro Dielle de Carvalho , Amorim Bruna Leticia Matos , Sampaio Francisco Leonardo de Araújo , Checon João Pedro De Almeida , Castro Iran Barros de , Lacerda Ramon Medeiros , Sperandio Vitória Januário , Aires Andressa Cardoso , Freitas Lucas Nunes de 
Published: November 2024

A hemorragia gastrointestinal (HGI) é uma condição médica de relevância clínica significativa, caracterizada pela perda de sangue ao longo do trato digestivo, podendo variar de discreta a grave. Classificada como alta ou baixa, dependendo da localização em relação ao ligamento de Treitz, a HGI tem etiologias diversas, como úlcera péptica, varizes esofágicas, diverticulose e neoplasias. Os sinais clínicos incluem hematêmese, melena e hematoquezia, com impacto potencialmente fatal em casos graves. O diagnóstico precoce, utilizando métodos como endoscopia e colonoscopia, é essencial para direcionar o tratamento. Uma abordagem multidisciplinar é crucial para o manejo eficaz e prevenção de complicações recorrentes. Essa revisão de literatura foi realizada por meio de publicações científicas encontradas nos seguintes bancos de dados: Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS), Public Medline (PubMed), Portal de Periódicos CAPES e Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), sem restrição de período. Foram também consultados os sites oficiais do Ministério da Saúde e a literatura cinzenta. A hemorragia gastrointestinal (HGI) é uma condição multifatorial que requer abordagem rápida e multidisciplinar. O manejo eficaz envolve estabilização hemodinâmica, diagnóstico preciso e tratamentos direcionados, como terapias endoscópicas e medicamentos específicos. A prevenção é essencial, incluindo o manejo de fatores de risco, como uso de AINEs, controle de comorbidades e erradicação do Helicobacter pylori. Em idosos, a complexidade aumenta devido a comorbidades e maior vulnerabilidade. Pesquisas contínuas e atualizações científicas são fundamentais para melhorar diagnósticos e terapias, reduzindo morbimortalidade. Assim, estratégias integradas são indispensáveis para otimizar o prognóstico e a qualidade de vida dos pacientes com HGI.
Autismo em mulheres: por que o diagnóstico é tão difícil?
Authors: Soares Loureiro Jullie 
Published: November 2024

O Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) é uma condição de desenvolvimento neurológico caracterizada por uma ampla variação na forma como as pessoas se comunicam, interagem socialmente e percebem o mundo ao seu redor. Os sintomas incluem dificuldades na comunicação verbal e não verbal, desafios nas interações sociais, padrões repetitivos de comportamento e interesses restritos. Sendo assim, objetiva-se investigar como as representações sociais e os estereótipos de gênero influenciam o subdiagnóstico de mulheres autistas, por meio de uma revisão da literatura existente, visando contribuir para uma compreensão mais ampla da interseção entre gênero e autismo e entender o diagnóstico tardio. Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, o qual investigou sobre a dificuldade de diagnóstico de TEA em mulheres, pela coleta de dados nas plataformas PubMed, LILACS, Periódicos CAPES, EMBASE e Scielo, dos últimos 5 anos. Assim, a partir dos achados deste estudo, fica claro que o entendimento do TEA em mulheres ainda está em processo de evolução. A complexidade do diagnóstico e a necessidade de abordagens mais inclusivas e adaptadas demandam mais pesquisas aprofundadas que explorem as nuances da manifestação do transtorno no sexo feminino, incluindo os aspectos culturais, sociais e neurobiológicos. Somente por meio de uma investigação contínua será possível otimizar o diagnóstico, reduzir o subdiagnóstico e, consequentemente, melhorar a qualidade de vida das mulheres com TEA.
Rotation at the Fully Convective Boundary: Insights from Wide WD + MS Binary Systems
Authors: Chiti Federica , van Saders Jennifer L. , Heintz Tyler M. , Hermes J. J. , Ong 王 J. M. Joel 加冕 , Hey Daniel R. , Ramirez-Weinhouse Michele M. , Dugas Alison 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Gyrochronology, a valuable tool for determining ages of low-mass stars where other techniques fail, relies on accurate calibration. We present a sample of 185 wide (>100 au) white dwarf + main sequence (WD + MS) binaries. Total ages of WDs are computed using all-sky survey photometry, Gaia parallaxes, and WD atmosphere models. Using a magnetic braking law calibrated against open clusters, along with assumptions about initial conditions and angular momentum transport, we construct gyrochrones to predict the rotation periods of MS stars. Both data and models show that, at the fully convective boundary (FCB), MS stars with WD ages of up to 7.5 Gyr and within a <50 K effective temperature range experience up to a threefold increase in rotation period relative to stars slightly cooler than the FCB. We suggest that rapid braking at this boundary is driven by a sharp rise in the convective overturn timescale (τ
cz) caused by structural changes between partially and fully convective stars and the 3He instability occurring at this boundary. While the specific location in mass (or temperature) of this feature varies with model physics, we argue that its existence remains consistent. Stars along this feature exhibit rotation periods that can be mapped, within 1σ, to a range of gyrochrones spanning ≈6 Gyr. Due to current temperature errors (≃50 K), this implies that a measured rotation period cannot be uniquely associated to a single gyrochrone, implying that gyrochronology may not be feasible for M dwarfs very close to the FCB.