bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of chocolate consumption (Theobroma cacao L.) on level of blood cholesterol and triglyceride in hypertension patients at Jatiroto Health Center, Indonesia
Authors: Ulkhasanah Muzaroah Ermawati , Hadisaputro Suharyo , Pujiastuti Rr. Sri Endang 
Published: August 2019

Background: Hypertension is influenced by lifestyle factors such as high fat intake which has the potential for high blood cholesterol level. Cocoa products, which are rich sources of flavonoids, have been shown to reduce blood pressure and the risk of cardiovascular disease.Aims: The purpose of this research is to examine the dark chocolate consumption in decreasing the level of blood cholesterol and triglyceride in hypertension patients.Methods: This research is a quasi-experiment study with pre and post and control group design. There were thirty two (32) hypertensive patients selected from Jatiroto Health Center in June-July 2018 using a random sampling technique. The respondents were then divided to (1) a control group where patients were prescribed to a popular non-pharmacological therapy Simvastatin and (2) an intervention group where the respondents were prescribed with Simvastatin and also received an additional dark chocolate 60gr/day (given twice a day, each 30gr) for 15 days. A spectrophotometer glycerol phosphate oxidase (GPO-POD) with 546 nm wavelength was employed to measure the levels of blood cholesterol and triglyceride. The significant mean difference between pre and posttest, and the changes between control and intervention group were defined by statistical analysis T-test.Results: This study acknowledged that the prescribed simvastatin alone presents a significant contribution to decrease the cholesterol level at 14.40 point (p value = 0.041), however, the generic is not enough to deliver a significant effect to the decrease of triglyceride level in the hypertension patients (p value = 0.361). A great contribution to the depression of cholesterol and triglyceride level in the hypertensive respondent was observed if simvastatin prescription was combined with a provision of 60 gram dark chocolate, respectively to the level of 57.06 and 38.41 mg/dL with p value = 0.001. The addition of dark chocolate in the simvastatin prescription will significantly reduce the blood cholesterol level (p value = 0.020), but not really effective to reduce the triglyceride (p value = 0.560).Conclusion: The findings suggest that giving dark chocolate to the hypertensive patients who receive simvastatin prescription will decrease the cholesterol and triglyceride levels greater than the consumption of simvastatin drugs alone. Keywords: Dark chocolate, Simvastatin, Hypertension, Cholesterol, Triglyceride
Observations of CH3OH and CH3CHO in a Sample of Protostellar Outflow Sources
Authors: Holdship Jonathan , Viti Serena , Codella Claudio , Rawlings Jonathan , Jimenez-Serra Izaskun , Ayalew Yenabeb , Curtis Justin , Habib Annur , Lawrence Jamel , Warsame Sumaya , Horn Sarah 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
IRAM 30 m Observations toward eight protostellar outflow sources were taken in the 96–176 GHz range. Transitions of CH3OH and CH3CHO were detected in seven of them. The integrated emissions of the transitions of each species that fell into the observed frequency range were measured and fit using RADEX and LTE models. Column densities and gas properties inferred from this fitting are presented. The ratio of the A and E-type isomers of CH3OH indicates that the methanol observed in these outflows was formed on the grain surface. Both species demonstrate a reduction of terminal velocity in their line profiles in faster outflows, indicating destruction in the post-shock gas phase. This destruction, and a near constant ratio of the CH3OH and CH3CHO column densities, imply it is most likely that CH3CHO also forms on the grain surface.
Parametric Instability in Two-dimensional Alfvénic Turbulence
Authors: Primavera Leonardo , Malara Francesco , Servidio Sergio , Nigro Giuseppina , Veltri Pierluigi 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The parametric instability of two-dimensional Alfvénic turbulence has been studied via direct numerical simulations of magnetohydrodynamics. A general form for an Alfvénic fluctuation is derived, with a strongly anisotropic spectrum with respect to a mean magnetic field, typical of the solar wind. Perturbing this solution, an exponential growth of both compressive and backward-propagating Alfvénic fluctuations has been observed. At variance with previous 1D studies, it has been observed that the growth rate tends to increase with the plasma β. Unstable modes manifest as strongly localized, coherent, field-aligned, stream-like structures, with anticorrelation between magnetic and density fluctuations, in agreement with observations. These results might help us to understand the development of turbulence in the solar wind as well as in stellar winds.
Far-infrared Properties of the Bright, Gravitationally Lensed Quasar J0439+1634 at z = 6.5
Authors: Yang Jinyi , Venemans Bram , Wang Feige , Fan Xiaohui , Novak Mladen , Decarli Roberto , Walter Fabian , Yue Minghao , Momjian Emmanuel , Keeton Charles R. , Wang Ran , Zabludoff Ann , Wu Xue-Bing , Bian Fuyan 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We present IRAM NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array, James Clerk Maxwell Telescope/Submillimetre Common-User Bolometer Array-2 and Very Large Array (VLA) observations of the most distant known gravitationally lensed quasar, J0439+1634 at z = 6.5. We detect strong dust emission, [C ii] 158 μm, [C i] 369 μm, [O i] 146 μm, CO(6–5), CO(7–6), CO(9–8), CO(10–9), H2O 31,2−22,1, and H2O 32,1−31,2 lines, as well as a weak radio continuum. The strong [C ii] line yields a systemic redshift of the host galaxy to be z = 6.5188 ± 0.0002. The magnification makes J0439+1634 the far-infrared (FIR) brightest quasar at z > 6 known, with the brightest [C ii] line yet detected at this redshift. The FIR luminosity is (3.4 ± 0.2) × 1013
μ
−1
L
⊙, where μ ∼2.6–6.6 is the magnification of the host galaxy, estimated based on the lensing configuration from HST imaging. We estimate the dust mass to be (2.2 ± 0.1) × 109
μ
−1

. The CO spectral line energy distribution using four CO lines are best fit by a two-component model of the molecular gas excitation. The estimates of molecular gas mass derived from CO lines, and atomic carbon mass are consistent, in the range of (3.9–8.9) × 1010
μ
−1

. The [C ii]/[C i], [C ii]/CO, and [O i]/[C ii] line luminosity ratios suggest a photodissociation region model with more than one component. The ratio of H2O 32,1−31,2 line luminosity to L
TIR is consistent with values in local and high-redshift ultra-/hyper-luminous infrared galaxies. The VLA observations reveal an unresolved radio continuum source, and indicate that J0439+1634 is a radio-quiet quasar with R = 0.05–0.17.
Three-dimensional Hydrodynamic Simulations of Supernova Ejecta with a Central Energy Source
Authors: Suzuki Akihiro , Maeda Keiichi 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We present the results of three-dimensional special relativistic hydrodynamic simulations of supernova ejecta with a powerful central energy source. We assume a spherical supernova ejecta freely expanding with the initial kinetic energy of 1051 erg. We performed two simulations with different total injected energies of 1051 and 1052 erg to see how the total injected energy affects the subsequent evolution of the supernova ejecta. When the injected energy greatly exceeds the initial kinetic energy of the supernova ejecta, the hot bubble produced by the additional energy injection overwhelms and penetrates the whole supernova ejecta, resulting in a clumpy density structure. For smaller injected energies, on the other hand, the energy deposition stops before the hot bubble breakout occurs, leaving the outer envelope well stratified. This qualitative difference may indicate that central-engine-powered supernovae could be observed as two different populations, such as supernovae with and without broad-line spectral features, depending on the amount of total injected energy with respect to the initial kinetic energy.
Testing Emergent Gravity with Optical, X-Ray, and Weak Lensing Measurements in Massive, Relaxed Galaxy Clusters
Authors: ZuHone J. A. , Sims J. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We test the predictions of emergent gravity (EG) using matter densities of relaxed, massive clusters of galaxies observed from optical and X-ray wavebands. We improve upon previous work in this area by including the baryon mass contribution of the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) in each system, in addition to total mass profiles from gravitational lensing and mass profiles of the X-ray emitting gas from Chandra. We use this data in the context of EG to predict the “apparent” dark matter (DM) distribution from the observed baryon distribution, and vice versa. We find that although the inclusion of the BCG in the analysis improves the agreement with observations in the inner regions of the clusters (

kpc), at larger radii (

kpc) the EG predictions for mass profiles and baryon mass fractions are not in agreement with observations by a factor of up to ∼2−6, though the agreement improves at radii near r
500. At least in its current form, EG does not appear to reproduce the observed characteristics of relaxed galaxy clusters as well as cold DM models.
X-Ray Reprocessing: Through the Eclipse Spectra of High-mass X-Ray Binaries with XMM-Newton
Authors: Aftab Nafisa , Paul Biswajit , Kretschmar Peter 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The study of X-ray reprocessing is one of the key diagnostic tools to probe the environment in X-ray binary systems. One difficult aspect of studying X-ray reprocessing is the presence of much brighter primary radiation from the compact star together with the reprocessed radiation. In contrast, for eclipsing systems, the X-rays we receive during eclipse are only those produced by the reprocessing of the emission from the compact star by the surrounding medium. We report results from a spectral study of the X-ray emission during eclipse and outside eclipse in nine high-mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs) with the XMM-Newton European Photon Imaging Camera (EPIC) pn to investigate different aspects of the stellar wind in these HMXBs. During eclipse the continuum component of the spectrum is reduced by a factor of ∼8–237, but the count rate for the 6.4 keV iron emission line or the complex of iron emission lines in HMXBs is reduced by a smaller factor, leading to large equivalent widths of the iron emission lines. This indicates a large size for the line emission region, comparable to or larger than the companion star in these HMXB systems. However, there are significant system to system differences. 4U 1538−522, despite having a large absorption column density, shows a soft emission component with comparable flux during the eclipse and out-of-eclipse phases. Emission from hydrogen-like iron has been observed in LMC X-4 for the first time, in the out-of-eclipse phase in one of the observations.. Overall, we find significant differences in the eclipse spectrum of different HMXBs and also in their eclipse spectra against out-of-eclipse spectra.
Energetic Electron Acceleration in Unconfined Reconnection Jets
Authors: Chen G. , Fu H. S. , Zhang Y. , Li Xiaocan , Ge Y. S. , Du A. M. , Liu C. M. , Xu Y. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Magnetic reconnection in astronomical objects such as solar corona and the Earth’s magnetotail theoretically produces a fast jet toward the object (known as a confined jet as it connects to the object through magnetic field lines) and a fast jet departing the object (known as an unconfined jet as it propagates freely in space). So far, energetic electron acceleration has been observed in the confined jet but never in the unconfined jet, arousing a controversy about whether or not reconnection jets can intrinsically accelerate electrons. By analyzing spacecraft measurements in the magnetotail, here we report three events showing strong electron energization in unconfined reconnection jets. Such energization, occurring in the growing phase of the jet, is quasi-adiabatic; it leads to 30 times of flux enhancements and it is probably caused by the compression of the magnetic field (betatron effect) as well as the shrinking of magnetic field lines (Fermi effect). We quantitatively reproduce this energization process using a 2.5D particle-in-cell simulation. This finding implies that electron acceleration can happen in the solar wind and magnetosheath, where reconnection jets are usually unconfined.
Early Solar System r-process Abundances Limit Collapsar Origin
Authors: Bartos I. , Márka S. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Heavy elements produced exclusively through rapid neutron capture (the “r-process”) originate from violent cosmic explosions. While neutron star mergers are the primary candidates, another plausible production site are “collapsars”—collapsing massive stars that form a black hole with an accretion disk. Here we show that collapsars are too rare to be the prime origin of r-process elements in the solar system. By comparing numerical simulations with the early solar system abundances of actinides produced exclusively through the r-process, we exclude higher than 20% contribution from collapsars with 90% confidence. We additionally limit r-process ejecta masses from collapsars to less than 10% of the ejecta mass from neutron star mergers, about 10−2
M
⊙.
Self-lensing Discovery of a 0.2 M⊙ White Dwarf in an Unusually Wide Orbit around a Sun-like Star∗
Authors: Masuda Kento , Kawahara Hajime , Latham David W. , Bieryla Allyson , Kunitomo Masanobu , MacLeod Morgan , Aoki Wako 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We report the discovery of the fifth self-lensing binary in which a low-mass white dwarf (WD) gravitationally magnifies its 15th magnitude G-star companion, KIC 8145411, during eclipses. The system was identified from a pair of such self-lensing events in the Kepler photometry, and was followed up with the Tillinghast Reflector Echelle Spectrograph (TRES) on the 1.5 m telescope at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory and the High-Dispersion Spectrograph (HDS) on the Subaru 8.2 m telescope. A joint analysis of the TRES radial velocities, the HDS spectrum, and the Kepler photometry of the primary star determines the WD mass 0.20 ± 0.01 M
⊙, orbital semimajor axis 1.28 ± 0.03 au, and orbital eccentricity 0.14 ± 0.02. Because such extremely low-mass WDs cannot be formed in isolation within the age of the Galaxy, their formation is believed to involve binary interactions that truncated evolution of the WD progenitor. However, the observed orbit of the KIC 8145411 system is at least 10 times wider than required for this scenario to work. The presence of this system in the Kepler sample, along with its similarities to field blue straggler binaries presumably containing WDs, may suggest that some 10% of post-asymptotic giant branch binaries with Sun-like primaries contain such anomalous WDs.
Heaven and hell: Spotlights on some DNA barcodes for species identification and delimitation in ground beetles
Authors: Assmann Thorsten , Boutaud Estève , Buse Jörn , Drees Claudia , Friedman Ariel-Leib-Leonid , Khoury Fares , Renan Ittai , Schild Laura , von Thaden Alina , Szallies Alexander , Zumstein Pascale 
Published: August 2019

In the face of the decline of many insects, there is an increasing demand for contemporary, fast and cost-effective approaches to monitor the development of populations and species. Numerous scientists favor molecular methods, especially those involving barcoding of the CO1 gene, as an alternative to classical, morphology-based species identification. Moreover, DNA barcoding is also discussed as a suitable method to support species delimitations in complexes of closely related taxa. We used the available sequences of ground beetles from North and Central Europe with additional ones we generated from Southern Europe and the Middle East to draw conclusion about the practicability of such approach for ground beetles.
In general, while strong intraspecific differentiations within the CO1 fragment seem to characterize some wingless species (e.g. Graphipterus serrator, Siagona longula, Carabus problematicus, some Platycarabus species), others do not display much intraspecific variability (e.g. Graphipterus multiguttatus and G. sharonae within the “G. serrator clade”). These results certainly complicate the application of a metabarcoding approach without a larger database to delimitate these ground beetles. Furthermore, these results limit the applicability of the well-known barcoding gap, in ecological studies.
With regards to taxonomic problems, mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences can provide support for taxonomic decisions. For example, the two taxa Carabus variolosus and nodulosus are characterized predominantely by K2P values lower than the barcoding gap. In view of the otherwise strong intraspecific differentiation within the genus Carabus, these two taxa should be regarded as subspecies. In contrast, DNA barcoding can also help to identify "good" species. Mitochondrial and nuclear data suggest, for example, that an Oreonebria taxon and a Platycarabus taxon from the South-western Alps represent "good species", although they were usually considered as synonyms or subspecies. In another case, two tiger beetle taxa, which until a few months ago were considered to belong to the same species, show such strong differentiation that only two species can be postulated (Calomera aulicoides and C. littoralis winkleri).
In summary, we can state that DNA sequences and the barcoding gap can help to define species delimitations in ground beetles. However, several species, including widespread sister species, cannot be identified by DNA barcoding for various reasons (e.g. young species or horizontal gene flow). Consequently, until an automated, fast, and reliable method to identify species from samples emerges, ecological investigations have to rely on classical, morphology-based identifications.
A Long Noncoding RNA, Antisense IL-7, Promotes Inflammatory Gene Transcription through Facilitating Histone Acetylation and Switch/Sucrose Nonfermentable Chromatin Remodeling
Authors: Liu Xu , Lu Yajing , Zhu Jie , Liu Mingjia , Xie Minghong , Ye Mengling , Li Mingxuan , Wang Shuhong , Ming Zhenping , Tong Qiang , Liu Feng , Zhou Rui 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs are important regulators of gene expression in innate immune responses. Antisense IL-7 (IL-7–AS) is a newly discovered long noncoding RNA in human and mouse that has been reported to regulate the expression of IL-6. However, the potential function of IL-7–AS in innate immune system is not fully understood. In this study, we found that the expression of IL-7–AS is primarily dependent on the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways in macrophages and intestinal epithelial cells. Functionally, IL-7–AS promotes the expression of several inflammatory genes, including CCL2, CCL5, CCL7, and IL-6, in cells in response to LPS. Specifically, IL-7–AS physically interacts with p300 to regulate histone acetylation levels around the promoter regions of these gene loci. Moreover, IL-7–AS and p300 complex modulate the assembly of SWI/SNF complex to the promoters. IL-7–AS regulates chemotaxis activity of monocytes to intestine epithelial cells with involvement of CCL2. Therefore, our data indicate a new promoting role for NF-κB/MAPK-responsive IL-7–AS in the transcriptional regulation of inflammatory genes in the innate immune system although modulation of histone acetylation around the promoters of related genes.
Pierre de Villiers Pienaar
Authors: Aron Myrtle L. 
Published: August 2019

The academic and professional background of the man who initiated and developed training programmes for speech therapists and audiologists in South Africa is presented. The manner in which he developed the profession, and pioneered work in phonetics and linguistics is described, including P. de Villiers Pienaar's role in educational, academic, clinical and cultural institutions in South Africa.
Visualization of change of sound characteristics on the level of the vocal cords
Authors: Luchsinger R. 
Published: August 2019

The construction is reported of an apparatus for producing short stroboscopic films, employing a new phase-shifting device. This apparatus provides the clinician with a reliable record of the mode of vibration of the vocal cords (in both the opening and closing phases) alongside a tape-recording of the voice. This makes it possible to correlate recordings of the frequency and intensity and transitions of the voice with a series of stroboscopic investigations.
Mass generalised learning applied to the problem of carry-over in articulation therapy
Authors: Klaff Avril 
Published: August 2019

This study was designed to investigate Morehead and Johnson's hypothesis that mass generalised learning experience in therapy will eliminate carry-over problems. Four subjects who consistently misarticulated the /S/phoneme participated in an intensive six week therapy programme. Two experimental subjects were trained in the production of the entire category of sounds of which the target phoneme is a member. Two matched control subjects received traditional articulation therapy. Pre- and post-therapy measures included an articulation test, competence tests and spectrographic analysis. Sound production tasks and carry-over tasks were administered at regular intervals during therapy to assess generalisation to untrained contexts. Complete carry-over was evidenced by one experimental subject at the end of the sentence phase of therapy. The remaining three subjects demonstrated inconsistent carry-over at the conclusion of the therapy programme. It is suggested that a mass generalised learning procedure may offer an efficient approach to articulation therapy.
The enigma of fluency: A single case study
Authors: Goldsmith Tessa , Anderson Denise 
Published: August 2019

The article deals with the relapse and maintenance of fluency skills in an adult stutterer following a "fluency-based" treatment programme. Recordings of speech were made at relevant intervals throughout an eight-month period. Immediately after intensive treatment, fluency was established and rate and attitudes normalized. The deterioration of these behaviours and their re-instatement is described.
Corrosion Assessment of ASME Qualified Welding Procedures for Grade 2101 Lean Duplex Stainless Steel
Authors: Guilherme L.H. , Reccagni P. , Benedetti A.V. , Fugivara C.S. , Engelberg D.L. 
Published: August 2019

ASME qualified welding procedures do not guarantee suitable corrosion and passivation properties for lean duplex stainless steel welds. An evaluation of two ASME qualified welding procedures to optimize the corrosion performance of tungsten inert gas (TIG) welded grade 2101 duplex stainless steel using ER2209 weld consumable was conducted. The evolution of the microstructure was examined by optical and electron microscopy, ferrite-scope measurements, and scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy. An electrochemical mini-cell was then used to characterize the electrochemical behavior of different weld regions using the techniques such as the double loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation test, standard potentiodynamic polarization tests, and cyclic potentiodynamic polarization. The fusion line was the most critical zone for localized corrosion for both welding procedures, due to the formation of Cr- and Mo-depleted zones, resulting in the highest degree of sensitization. The best performance was attributed to the weld face, due to the presence of higher Cr and Mo contents, highlighting the pitting corrosion resistance. A heat input range of 1.6 kJ/mm to 1.9 kJ/mm and low current density (WPS 1) indicated better corrosion performance of all weld regions. The electrochemical corrosion response was in all cases related to microstructural characteristics of the weld regions. The influence of weld parameters on microstructure development and corrosion performance is discussed.