bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When does performance management foster team effectiveness? A mixed‐method field study on the influence of environmental extremity
Authors: Van Thielen Tine , Decramer Adelien , Vanderstraeten Alex , Audenaert Mieke 
Published: May 2018

SummaryOrganizations operating in extreme environments rely on teams to tackle the highly demanding and complex situations. This study aims to provide new insights into the management of such teams by exploring the influence of environmental extremity on the relationship between performance management and team effectiveness. Mixed‐method and multilevel analyses of police teams working in different levels of environmental extremity suggest that environmental extremity moderates the relationship between performance management features and team effectiveness. Both the vertical alignment of performance management and constructive feedback have a positive effect on team effectiveness. However, these positive effects are constrained in teams working in heightened levels of environmental extremity. The effects of performance management consistency and two‐way communication on team effectiveness are more nuanced and dependent on environmental extremity. When teams operate in heightened levels of environmental extremity, both features are positively related to team effectiveness. When teams operate in lower levels of environmental extremity, performance management consistency is not significantly related to team effectiveness and two‐way communication is negatively related to team effectiveness. These results provide a nuanced understanding of how performance management engenders team effectiveness in extreme environments.
Nutrition Risk in Critically Ill Versus the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002: Are They Comparable for Assessing Risk of Malnutrition in Critically Ill Patients?
Authors: Canales Cecilia , Elsayes Ali , Yeh D. Dante , Belcher Donna , Nakayama Anna , McCarthy Caitlin M. , Chokengarmwong Nalin , Quraishi Sadeq A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundMalnutrition influences clinical outcomes. Although various screening tools are available to assess nutrition status, their use in the intensive care unit (ICU) has not been rigorously studied. Our goal was to compare the Nutrition Risk in Critically Ill (NUTRIC) to the Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS) 2002 in terms of their associations with macronutrient deficit in ICU patients.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis to investigate the relationship between NUTRIC vs NRS 2002 and macronutrient deficit (protein and calories) in critically ill patients. We performed linear regression analyses, controlling for age, sex, race, body mass index, and ICU length of stay. We then dichotomized our primary exposures and outcomes to perform logistic regression analyses, controlling for the same covariates.ResultsThe analytic cohort included 312 adults. Mean NUTRIC and NRS 2002 scores were 4 ± 2 and 4 ± 1, respectively. Linear regression demonstrated that each increment in NUTRIC score was associated with a 49 g higher protein deficit (β = 48.70: 95% confidence interval [CI] 29.23–68.17) and a 752 kcal higher caloric deficit (β = 751.95; 95% CI 447.80–1056.09). Logistic regression demonstrated that NUTRIC scores >4 had over twice the odds of protein deficits ≥300 g (odds ratio [OR] 2.35; 95% CI 1.43–3.85) and caloric deficits ≥6000 kcal (OR 2.73; 95% CI 1.66–4.50) compared with NUTRIC scores ≤4. We did not observe an association of NRS 2002 scores with macronutrient deficit.ConclusionOur data suggest that NUTRIC is superior to NRS 2002 for assessing malnutrition risk in ICU patients. Randomized, controlled studies are needed to determine whether nutrition interventions, stratified by NUTRIC score, can improve patient outcomes.
Essential Fatty Acid Status in Surgical Infants Receiving Parenteral Nutrition With a Composite Lipid Emulsion: A Case Series
Authors: Carey Alexandra N. , Rudie Coral , Mitchell Paul D. , Raphael Bram P. , Gura Kathleen M. , Puder Mark 
Published: May 2018

AbstractInfants requiring prolonged parenteral nutrition (PN) may receive intravenous (IV) lipid in the form of soybean oil, fish oil, or a composite lipid emulsion (CLE) (i.e., SMOFlipid®). Soybean oil lipid‐dose restriction is a popular method of treating and reducing the risk of intestinal failure–associated liver disease (IFALD) that may influence dosing strategies of other IV fat emulsions. Here we present 4 infants receiving PN with SMOFlipid® as their IV lipid source and examine trends in essential fatty‐acid status, triglycerides, and dosing strategy. The infants on restricted doses of CLE developed biochemical essential fatty‐acid deficiency (EFAD) that resolved with a dosage increase or by transition to a pure fish‐oil lipid emulsion. Three of the 4 infants originally prescribed CLE were diagnosed with IFALD and started a pure fish‐oil lipid emulsion after treatable causes of cholestasis were excluded. One of the 4 infants presented with hypertriglyceridemia that resolved upon transition to pure fish‐oil lipid emulsion. Misapplication of lipid restriction protocols to CLE regimens render infants at risk for EFAD. CLE should be dosed within recommended ranges to prevent EFAD. Restricted protocols warrant close monitoring of essential fatty‐acid status in infants receiving prolonged PN, particularly in those with minimal or no enteral intake. Hypertriglyceridemia and cholestasis are known adverse effects of CLE and require monitoring.
Isolation and characterization of progenitor cells from surgically created early healing alveolar defects in humans: A preliminary study
Authors: Sant'Ana Adriana Campos Passanezi , Damante Carla Andreotti , Frias Martinez Maria Alejandra , Valdivia Maria Alejandra Medina , Karam Paula Stefânia Hage , de Oliveira Flavia Amadeu , Oliveira Rodrigo Cardoso de , Gasparoto Thais Helena , Campanelli Ana Paula , Zangrando Mariana Schutzer Ragghianti , Rezende Maria Lúcia Rubo de , Greghi Sebastião Luiz Aguiar , Passanezi Euloir 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe granulation tissue present in surgically‐created early healing sockets has been considered as a possible source of osteoprogenitor cells for periodontal regeneration, as demonstrated in animal studies. However, the in vitro osteogenic properties of tissue removed from human surgically‐created early healing alveolar defects (SC‐EHAD) remains to be established, being that the aim of this study.MethodsSurgical defects were created in the edentulous ridge of two systemically healthy adults. The healing tissue present in these defects was removed 21 days later for the establishment of primary culture. The in vitro characteristics of the cultured cells were determined by Armelin method, 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, immunohistochemistry, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization assay, and flow cytometry for detection of stem cells/osteoprogenitor cell markers.ResultsCells were able to adhere to the plastic and assumed spindle‐shaped morphology at earlier passages, changing to a cuboidal one with increasing passages. Differences in the proliferation rate were observed with increasing passages, suggesting osteogenic differentiation. ALP and mineralization activities were detected in conventional and osteogenic medium. Fresh samples of SC‐EHAD tissue exhibited CD34− and CD45− phenotypes. Cells at later passages (14th) exhibited CD34−, CD45−, CD105−, CD166−, and collagen type I+ phenotype.ConclusionTissue removed from SC‐EHAD is a possible source of progenitor cells.
Micro‐Raman spectroscopy of natural members along CuSbS2–CuSbSe2 join
Authors: Sejkora Jiří , Buixaderas Elena , Škácha Pavel , Plášil Jakub 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMicro‐Raman spectroscopy was used to investigate the natural orthorhombic members (space group Pnma) along the CuSbS2–CuSbSe2 join: chalcostibite Cu1.01Sb1.00S1.99 from Dúbrava (Slovak Republic); Se‐rich chalcostibite Cu1.00(Sb0.99As0.02)Σ1.01(S1.29Se0.70)Σ1.99 and the new mineral příbramite Cu0.99(Sb1.03As0.01)Σ1.04(Se1.82S0.15)Σ1.97 both from the Příbram uranium and base‐metal district (Czech Republic). Stretching and bending vibrations of the pyramidal SbS3 groups occur between 350 and 200 cm−1; vibrations of SbSe3 groups are shifted to the range 240–80 cm−1 due to the almost twice heavier mass of Se compared with S. The shift of the ν1 symmetric Sb‐(S,Se) vibration was observed, yielding 113 cm−1, and for the ν3 antisymmetric stretching Sb‐(S,Se), vibration was about 127 cm−1. The wavenumber of the ν1 symmetric Sb–S stretching vibrations decreases with increasing Se content—from 336 (in chalcostibite) over 330 (in Se‐rich chalcostibite) to 326 cm−1 (in příbramite), and a similar situation was observed for the case of ν1 symmetric Sb–Se stretching vibrations from 220 in Se‐rich chalcostibite to 215 cm−1 in příbramite. The trend for the ν3 antisymmetric Sb‐(S,Se) stretching vibrations is the opposite, from 306 cm−1 in chalcostibite to 314 cm−1 in Se‐rich chalcostibite (Sb–S bonds) and from 180 cm−1 in Se‐rich chalcostibite to 185 cm−1 in příbramite (Sb–Se bonds). These small shifts are probably connected with the influencing of the bonding environment of SbS3 and SbSe3 pyramids. The vibrations of Cu‐S(Se) bonds are represented only by less intense bands, and the observed intense bands below 80 cm−1 should correspond to external modes.
Roles of iron and lithium in silicate glasses by Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Nayak Manjunath T. , Desa J.A. Erwin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractRaman spectroscopy has been used in a qualitative analysis of iron containing lithium silicate glasses. The iron was kept fixed at 8 mol% for all the iron containing samples with varying concentrations of Li2O and SiO2, as this resulted in samples that were fully vitreous in nature. The method of deconvolution of peaks in these data has been employed to understand the relative numbers of Q0, Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 silicate structural units. Even though the iron concentration is constant, the linkages of silicate structural units show variation with increasing alkali content. The roles of lithium and iron have been found to be opposed to each other in that the presence of lithium discourages formation of tetrahedral linkages in the structure, whereas iron promotes corner connected tetrahedra or the presence of bridging oxygens.
Incorporation of Metallic Nanoparticles into Cosmetic Preparations and Assessment of Their Physicochemical and Utility Properties
Authors: Pulit‐Prociak Jolanta , Chwastowski Jarosław , Siudek Mateusz , Banach Marcin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA method was developed for introducing metallic nanoparticles (nanoAg and nanoAu) into cosmetic compositions (shampoos and soaps). Embedding of silver or gold nanoparticles into the composition imparts antimicrobial activity. Physicochemical properties of the prepared formulations were characterized. To confirm the presence of metallic nanoparticles, a UV–vis study was conducted. The size of embedded nanoparticles was determined using dynamic light scattering. The micrometric structure of the obtained products was characterized using scanning electron microscopy with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS) microscopy. A technique was developed for the assessment of nanoparticle release from cosmetic products as well as for the analysis of the penetration of nanoparticles through a model dermal membrane. The evaluation of accumulation of nanoparticles in model human body fluids was a crucial step in this study. The antimicrobial properties of final cosmetic formulations were studied usingAspergillus niger. The results confirmed that stable cosmetic formulations with embedded metallic nanoparticles were obtained. It was determined that nanoparticles are able to penetrate through a model dermal membrane. However, after 20 min of washing, the migration of nanoparticles was not confirmed. The obtained products exhibited biocidal activity againstA. niger.
Compressive behaviour of additively manufactured AlSi10Mg
Authors: Hitzler L. , Schoch N. , Heine B. , Merkel M. , Hall W. , Öchsner A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe advantages of free form fabrication methods regarding the geometrical flexibility are well known. With the full melting approach of the raw material, as utilized in selective laser melting, this freedom in design is coupled with remarkable mechanical strength. Most studies focused on the tensile characteristics; this study investigates the direction dependent compressive behaviour of selective laser melted AlSi10Mg. The obtained compressive Young's moduli exceeded both the equivalent Young's moduli for the tensile loading and the Young's modulus of the isotropic, conventionally fabricated, bulk base material, ranging as high as 82 GPa. The compressive yield strength was found to be similar to the yield point in tensile loading, with the ultimate compressive stress and strain being far superior to their tensile counterpart.
Electron beam welding of copper‐niobium microcomposites for pulsed power applications
Authors: Višniakov N. , Mikalauskas G. , Černašėjienė R. , Černašėjus O. , Škamat J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe main objective of this work is to explore the possibility of applying electron beams to connect copper‐niobium conductors. Electron beam welding of copper–niobium microcomposite wires was investigated. The evaluation of welded joint properties was carried out according to the same methodology applied to contact electrical connections. The major electrical and mechanical properties of welded joints were established. The microscopic examination of the joint cross‐section showed that welded joints of copper‐niobium conductors have minimal thermal effects on the structure of the conductor and on the propagation of welding defects thanks to the welding in a vacuum. According to the non‐destructive radiographic test, the joint structure does not have welding defects. The difference in electrical resistances of the conductor and welded joint was below 20 %. The welded joint can withstand the maximum load, which is equal to 31.25 % of the load‐bearing capacity of microcomposite conductor.
Entwicklung von topologieoptimierten Adapterelementen für die Fertigung mittels additiver Verfahren: Vereinigung von reinelektrischem Antriebsstrang mit konventionellem Chassis
Authors: Sert E. , Hitzler L. , Merkel M. , Öchsner A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractEin zentrales Element ist die Zunahme des Verkehrsaufkommens und der Wunsch nach individueller Mobilität. Die Menge der ausgestoßenen Abgase steigt in erheblichem Maße an und führt in Ballungsräumen und Innenstädten zu Umweltbelastungen und einer Beeinträchtigung der Lebensqualität. Ein Ansatz diesem Trend entgegenzuwirken, liegt in der Reduktion der ausgestoßenen Abgase und dem damit einhergehenden Verbrauch fossiler Energieträger. Der durch das Umdenken und dem damit verbundenen gesteigerten Umweltbewusstsein entstandene Bedarf an elektrisch betriebenen Fahrzeugen bringt einige Anforderungen, hinsichtlich der Entwicklung und Konstruktion künftiger Mobilitätslösungen, mit sich. Eine der Herausforderungen ist unter anderem die Entwicklung von modularen und skalierbaren Antriebseinheiten, um eine Serienproduktion und Elektroumrüstungen im kostengünstigen Maße zu ermöglichen. Für die Neukonstruktion einer elektrisch angetriebenen Achse oder die Umrüstung einer bestehenden Achse auf einen Elektroantrieb sind umfangreiche Aufgaben durchzuführen. Dabei ist die Anwendung von Topologieoptimierungstools und additiven Fertigungsverfahren unerlässlich.
Computational aspects of the combined finite‐discrete element method in static and dynamic analysis of shell structures
Authors: Glavinić I.U. , Smoljanović H. , Galić M. , Munjiza A. , Mihanović A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis paper demonstrates some computational aspects of two previously developed numerical models for a static and dynamic analysis of shells based on the combined finite‐discrete element method. The dynamic and static response of shells under various boundary conditions, mesh pattern and mesh refinement was analysed and compared with other numerical and analytical results in order to illustrate the accuracy and applicability of the proposed numerical models.
A computationally efficient numerical model for a dynamic analysis of beam type structures based on the combined finite‐discrete element method
Authors: Smoljanović H. , Uzelac I. , Trogrlić B. , Živaljić N. , Munjiza A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis paper presents a new numerical model for the analysis of beam‐type structures based on the combined finite‐discrete element method. The model uses straight two‐node rotation free finite elements, and takes into account linear‐elastic material behaviour, finite displacements, finite rotations and small strains. The presented numerical model is implemented into the open source finite‐discrete element method package “Yfdem”. Performance of the new numerical model was demonstrated on simple benchmark tests where very good agreement of obtained numerical results with reference solutions was shown. Performed numerical analysis indicates that the presented numerical model is applicable in static, dynamic and stability analyses of beam type structures.
Development of a new stainless austenitic CrMnNi steel using TRIP/TWIP effect for a high cold formability
Authors: Schröder C. , Weiß A. , Volkova O. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA new austenitic stainless CrMnNi steel with a high cold formability coupled with high strength was developed. The cold formability is based on the distinct transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) and twinning induced plasticity (TWIP). Thereby a maximum of strain is reached nearby room temperature. Using the TRIP/TWIP effect of CrMnNi steel a cost‐ and energy‐efficient production of thin sheets is enabled by a reduced number of interstage annealing. Thin sheets with thicknesses from 0.1 mm till 1.25 mm were cold‐rolled industrially and there properties compared to conventional CrNi steel 1.4301 (AISI 304) and CrNiMo steel 1.4404 (AISI 316 L).Plate and lamellae heat exchangers of CrMnNi thin sheets were produced under industrial conditions. The form stability of the plate heat exchangers was increased by 47 % and the component failure pressure raised by 45 % at room temperature. Based on its high strength it is suggested to apply the new austenitic CrMnNi steel in lightweight constructions. Although the nickel content was reduced by 50 % to 65 % compared to conventional steels 1.4301 and 1.4404 the corrosion resistance of the CrMnNi steel is comparable with conventional CrNiMo steel 1.4404.
Effect of short duration solution treatment at temperatures below 1000 °C on σ‐phase precipitation in a super duplex stainless steel alloy
Authors: Cojocaru V.D. , Şerban N. , Angelescu M.L. , Cojocaru E.M. , Cinca I. , Răducanu D. , Vintilă A.N. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSuper duplex stainless steel alloys are characterized by a high content of chromium, nickel, molybdenum and nitrogen. In these steels, the main role of chromium, nickel and molybdenum alloying elements is to increase corrosion resistance. Increased mechanical properties are obtained by adding nitrogen, which promotes structural hardening. The microstructure of super duplex stainless steels consists of a mixture of ferrite and austenite phases, while other phases are also formed, such as: sigma, chi, chromium nitride, carbides and secondary austenite. All secondary phases are considered deleterious phases due to their negative effect on corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. The precipitation formation mechanism of the sigma phase assumes depletion of chromium and molybdenum from the matrix, worsening the alloy properties. The aim of the present work is to show the microstructural changes occurring during a short duration (10 minutes) solution treating of an UNS S32760/1.4501/F55 alloy, three temperatures being considered: 800 °C, 900 °C and 1000 °C. Scanning electron microscopy (energy dispersive spectroscopy and electron backscattered diffraction) was used for quantifying the alloying elements distribution, to distinguish between the observed phases, and to better understand the evolution of each phase.
Chitosan‐based multifunctional nanomedicines and theranostics for targeted therapy of cancer
Authors: Fathi Marziyeh , Majidi Sima , Zangabad Parham Sahandi , Barar Jaleh , Erfan‐Niya Hamid , Omidi Yadollah 
Published: May 2018

AbstractNanotechnology as an emerging field has established inevitable impacts on nano‐biomedicine and treatment of formidable diseases, inflammations, and malignancies. In this regard, substantial advances in the design of systems for delivery of therapeutic agents have emerged magnificent and innovative pathways in biomedical applications. Chitosan (CS) is derived via deacetylation of chitin as the second most abundant polysaccharide. Owing to the unique properties of CS (e.g., biocompatibility, biodegradability, bioactivity, mucoadhesion, cationic nature and functional groups), it is an excellent candidate for diverse biomedical and pharmaceutical applications such as drug/gene delivery, transplantation of encapsulated cells, tissue engineering, wound healing, antimicrobial purposes, etc. In this review, we will document, discuss, and provide some key insights toward design and application of miscellaneous nanoplatforms based on CS. The CS‐based nanosystems (NSs) can be employed as advanced drug delivery systems (DDSs) in large part due to their remarkable physicochemical and biological characteristics. The abundant functional groups of CS allow the facile functionalization in order to engineer multifunctional NSs, which can simultaneously incorporate therapeutic agents, molecular targeting, and diagnostic/imaging capabilities in particular against malignancies. These multimodal NSs can be literally translated into clinical applications such as targeted diagnosis and therapy of cancer because they offer minimal systemic toxicity and maximal cytotoxicity against cancer cells and tumors. The recent developments in the CS‐based NSs functionalized with targeting and imaging agents prove CS as a versatile polymer in targeted imaging and therapy.
Assessment of renal fibrosis in murine diabetic nephropathy using quantitative magnetization transfer MRI
Authors: Wang Feng , Katagiri Daisuke , Li Ke , Takahashi Keiko , Wang Suwan , Nagasaka Shinya , Li Hua , Quarles C. Chad , Zhang Ming‐Zhi , Shimizu Akira , Gore John C. , Harris Raymond C. , Takahashi Takamune 
Published: May 2018

PurposeRenal fibrosis is a hallmark of progressive renal disease; however, current clinical tests are insufficient for assessing renal fibrosis. Here we evaluated the utility of quantitative magnetization transfer MRI in detecting renal fibrosis in a murine model of progressive diabetic nephropathy (DN).MethodsThe db/db eNOS‐/‐ mice, a well‐recognized model of progressive DN, and normal wild‐type mice were imaged at 7T. The quantitative magnetization transfer data were collected in coronal plane using a 2D magnetization transfer prepared spoiled gradient echo sequence with a Gaussian‐shaped presaturation pulse. Parameters were derived using a two‐pool fitting model. A normal range of cortical pool size ratio (PSR) was defined as Mean±2SD of wild‐type kidneys (N = 20). The cortical regions whose PSR values exceeded this threshold (threshold PSR) were assessed. The correlations between the PSR‐based and histological (collagen IV or picrosirius red stain) fibrosis measurements were evaluated.ResultsCompared with wild‐type mice, moderate increases in mean PSR values and scattered clusters of high PSR region were observed in cortex of DN mouse kidneys. Abnormally high PSR regions (% area) that were detected by the threshold PSR were significantly increased in renal cortexes of DN mice. These regions progressively increased on aging and highly correlated with histological fibrosis measures, while the mean PSR values correlated much less.ConclusionRenal fibrosis in DN can be assessed by the quantitative magnetization transfer MRI and threshold analysis. This technique may be used as a novel imaging biomarker for DN and other renal diseases.