bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of vitamin D on fracture reduction among older adults: a discussion of recent meta-analysis findings
Authors: Bischoff-Ferrari Heike A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRecent meta-analyses on vitamin D and fracture reduction have led physicians and patients to question current guidelines on vitamin D. In this review of four recent meta-analyses, we summarize these meta-analyses with regard to target group and relevance to current guidelines. Importantly, two of the recent meta-analyses target adults age 50 years and older without osteoporosis and vitamin D deficiency where trial data is still very limited and does not reflect the target group of older adults age 65 and older vulnerable to both osteoporosis and vitamin D deficiency. One other meta-analysis has a focus on vitamin D plus calcium with significant benefits for both total and hip fractures, and one excludes these trials and shows no benefit plus has been questioned for several limitations with regard to study design. In summary, for older adults at increased risk for fractures and/or vitamin D deficiency, it is still reasonable to take 800 to 1000 IU vitamin D per day, following current recommendations. Reducing the risk of fractures among vulnerable older adults age 65 and older, at risk of vitamin D deficiency and fractures, remains a major public health target.
Osteosklerotisch wachsendes Meningeom des Os frontale
Authors: Schrum Anna , Coras Roland , Andresen Reimer 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungMeningeome zählen zu den häufigsten, benignen intrakraniellen Tumoren. Überwiegend zeigen sie ein duraständiges nach intrakraniell gerichtetes Wachstum. Extradural wachsende Meningeome sind selten und manifestieren sich größtenteils in Knochengewebe. Eine durale Komponente kann vorliegen. Der Großteil dieser Entitäten zeigt ein osteoblastisches Wachstum. Osteolytisch-destruierende und Mischformen kommen ebenfalls vor. Wir berichten über den Fall einer 76-jährigen Patientin mit dem Zufallsbefund eines osteosklerotisch wachsenden Tumors des Os frontale. Zum Ausschluss einer malignen Genese wurde eine Biopsie entnommen. Der histologische Befund ergab den seltenen Befund eines primär intraossären Meningeoms.
Emission characteristics for a single CdSe quantum dot on an optical nanofiber at cryogenic temperatures
Authors: Shafi K Muhammed , Luo Wei , Yalla Ramachandrarao , Hakuta Kohzo 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We investigate the emission characteristics of a single CdSe quantum dot on an optical nanofiber at cryogenic temperatures from the viewpoint of quantum photonics. We show that the charged exciton (trion) of the quantum dot is a promising quantum emitter for both aspects of spectral and temporal characteristics. The nanofiber/quantum-dot system may give a promising work bench for the future quantum photonic network.
Absorption and photoluminescence properties of CdSe quantum dots prepared by hydrothermal method
Authors: Lee TaeGi , Noguchi Kaito , Nishimura Hisaaki , Kim DaeGwi 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Herein, we investigated the preparation and optical properties of water-soluble CdSe quantum dots (QDs). CdSe QDs with a narrow size distribution were hydrothermally prepared by reacting Cd2+ with NaHSe in the presence of N-acetyl-L-cysteine as ligand. Furthermore, photoluminescence quantum yield increased to ∼47% when a ZnS shell was applied to prepare the CdSe/ZnS core/shell QDs.
Formation of a single poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) micro-droplet in water by coupling of photothermal effects and an optical force
Authors: Matsumoto M , Asoh T , Shoji T , Nishiyama T , Horibe Hideo , Katsumoto Yukiteru , Tsuboi Yasuyuki 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) exhibits phase separation with lower critical solution temperature (LCST). In the 1990s, Masuhara and co-workers reported the first demonstration of optical trapping of PNIPAM forming a micrometer-sized polymer droplet. Since then, this technique has attracted much attention to create a molecular assembly in a microspace. In the present study, we targeted poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) (PDEA), which has an analogous chemical structure to PNIPAM. We demonstrated that optical tweezers formed the unique micro-morphologies of a phase separated PDEA droplet. Fluorescence microscopic images and Raman spectra of the PDEA droplet showed that a lot of smaller-sized water-rich micro-domains were inhomogeneously formed in the droplet. Such unique phase separation behavior was never observed in steady-state heating of an aqueous PDEA solution above its LCST. Our results indicate that a novel micro-structure can be formed by coupling of an optical gradient force and a local temperature elevation.
Potential effect in Balmer light emission near surface irradiated with highly charged ions
Authors: Nishida N , Hori Y , Yamauchi A , Sakurai M , Kato D , Sakaue H A 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The interaction between highly charged ions (HCIs) and the solid surface causes various phenomena due to high potential energy of HCIs. Luminescence is also included in them. In order to investigate the origin of the light emission from the surface irradiated with HCIs, we conducted spectroscopic measurements and then we investigated characteristics of Balmer light emission because potential effect of HCI was remarkable in Balmer light emitted from hydrogen atoms desorbed from the surface. In the present study, the Balmer light intensity was revealed to increase rapidly with the charge state of HCIs.
Pump-probe study of β’-(BEDT-TTF)(TCNQ) crystal near antiferromagnetic transition
Authors: Mino Hirofumi , Tokuda Shiho , Sakai Masatoshi 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The photo-excited state properties of an organic Mott-insulator β’-(BEDT-TTF)(TCNQ) crystal were investigated by pump-probe measurements. Considerable change in the pump-probe reflection signal with a wide spectral range was observed near the antiferromagnetic (AF) transition temperature of the TCNQ layers. In the time response, approach to the AF temperature induced the appearance of a slow decay signal whose lifetime was estimated to be about 3 msec maximum. These results indicate that a sustained mechanism exists for photo-excited states near the AF transition, which is probably related to a critical slowing down phenomenon.
Optical characterization of MoS2 sputtered thin films
Authors: Hasuike N , Yamauchi S , Seki K , Kamoi S , Nishio K , Kisoda K 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We studied on the crystallinity of as-sputtered and annealed MoS2 thin films by Raman scattering. The samples were prepared by RF magnetron sputtering, and the thermal annealing was carried out under sulfurous atmosphere. Although as-sputtered MoS2 thin films clearly showed the deterioration of the lattice ordering, it was drastically improved by the thermal annealing due to the sulfurization of the sample. And since the sulfurization occurred remarkably on the top surface of MoS2 sputtered thin films, it was expected to be an effective method to realize a few-layer MoS2 sputtered thin films with high crystallinity.
New implications for the recurrence mechanism of an upper septal ventricular tachycardia: a case report
Authors: Yamaguchi Junji , Nagata Yasutoshi , Yamauchi Yasuteru , Hirao Kenzo 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Verapamil-sensitive fascicular ventricular tachycardia (VT) is the most common type of idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia, and it is divided into three types. Upper septal ventricular tachycardia (US-VT) is likely in patients with prior episodes of left posterior fascicular (LPF)-VT ablation, however, little is known about the recurrence mechanism of US-VT.

Case summary
A 53-year-old man had an US-VT after two catheter ablation sessions for a common idiopathic LPF-VT. The US-VT was successfully treated by ablating the proximal site of the LPF without making any further branch or fascicular block. This successful ablation point corresponded completely with the earliest pre-systolic potential (P2) site of the LPF-VT during the 1st session of catheter ablation.

Discussion
An US-VT recurrence could occur if a critical slow conduction is not affected by the catheter ablation. This recurrence might be the result of changing the re-entrant circuit after damage to the LPF. In order to eliminate the LPF-VT and prevent an US-VT recurrence, the earliest P2 site should be investigated carefully and ablated sufficiently.
Are Donors Afraid of Core Costs? Economies of Scale and Contestability in Charity Markets*
Authors: Perroni Carlo , Pogrebna Ganna , Sandford Sarah , Scharf Kimberley 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We study contestability in charity markets where non-commercial, not-for-profit providers supply a homogeneous collective good through increasing-returns-to-scale technologies. Unlike in the case of for-profit competition, the absence of price-based sales contracts for charities means that fixed costs can translate into entry barriers, protecting the position of an inefficient incumbent; or, conversely, they can make it possible for inefficient newcomers to contest the position of a more efficient incumbent. Evidence from laboratory experiments show that fixed-cost driven tradeoffs between efficiency and perceived risk can lead to inefficient technology adoption.
Bacterial community changes with granule size in cryoconite and their susceptibility to exogenous nutrients on NW Greenland glaciers
Authors: Uetake Jun , Nagatsuka Naoko , Onuma Yukihiko , Takeuchi Nozomu , Motoyama Hideaki , Aoki Teruo 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
Cryoconite granules are dark-colored biological aggregates on glaciers. Bacterial community varies with granule size, however, community change in space and their susceptibility to environmental factors has not been described yet. Therefore, we focused on bacterial community from four different granule sizes (30–249 μm, 250–750 μm, 750–1599 μm, more than 1600 μm diameter) in 10 glaciers in northwestern Greenland and their susceptibility to exogenous nutrients in cryoconite hole. A filamentous cyanobacterium Phormidesmis priestleyi, which has been frequently reported from glaciers in Arctic was abundant (10%–26%) across any size of granules on most of glaciers. Bacterial community across glaciers became similar with size increase, and whence smallest size fractions contain more unique genera in each glacier. Multivariate analysis revealed that effect of nutrients to beta diversity is larger in smaller granules (30–249 μm and 250–750 μm diameter), suggesting that bacterial susceptibility to nutrients changes with growth of granule (i.e. P. priestleyi was affected by nitrate in early growth stage).
Transfer of a lincomycin-resistant plasmid between coagulase-negative staphylococci during soybean fermentation and mouse intestine passage
Authors: Heo Sojeong , Bae Taeok , Lee Jong-Hoon , Jeong Do-Won 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Staphylococcus equorum is a benign bacterium and the predominant species in high-salt fermented food. Some strains of S. equorum contain antibiotic-resistance plasmids, such as pSELNU1 that contains a lincosamide nucleotidyltransferase (lnuA) gene and confers resistance to lincomycin. Previously, we showed that pSELNU1 is transferred to other bacteria under laboratory growth conditions. However, it is not known if the plasmid can be transferred to other bacteria during food fermentation (in situ) or during passage through animal intestines (in vivo). In this study, we examined the in situ and in vivo transfer of pSELNU1 using Staphylococcus saprophyticus as a recipient. During soybean fermentation, pSELNU1 was transferred to S. saprophyticus at a rate of 1.9 × 10−5–5.6 × 10−6 per recipient in the presence of lincomycin. However, during passage through murine intestines, the plasmid was transferred at similar rates (1.3 × 10−5 per recipient) in the absence of lincomycin, indicating that the plasmid transfer is much more efficient under in vivo conditions. Based on these results, we conclude that it is prudent to examine food fermentation starter candidates for the presence of mobile genetic elements containing antibiotic resistance genes and to select candidates lacking these genes.
Expression of a stress-responsive gene cluster for mycosporine-2-glycine confers oxidative stress tolerance in Synechococcus elongatus PCC7942
Authors: Pingkhanont Panwad , Tarasuntisuk Supamate , Hibino Takashi , Kageyama Hakuto , Waditee-Sirisattha Rungaroon 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) are a class of well-documented UV-screening compounds produced by taxonomically diverse organisms. Extensive studies revealed that a rare MAA, mycosporine-2-glycine (M2G), possesses unique biological activities and functions. M2G is not only a potent antioxidant, but also suppresses protein glycation in vitro, and production of inflammatory mediators in RAW 264.7 macrophages. The present study evaluates vital functions of M2G in a heterologous expression system. The stress-sensitive fresh water cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC7942, carrying a M2G biosynthetic gene cluster, was generated. The M2G-expressing cells were more tolerant to H2O2-induced oxidative stress than the wild type, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 2.3 ± 0.06 mM. Transcriptional analysis revealed that all M2G biosynthetic genes were highly up-regulated under oxidative stress. Further, expression of vital genes in the cellular antioxidant defense system, including sodB, cat and tpxA were modulated and up-regulated. Elevated M2G was detected under oxidative stress as well as salt stress treatments. This study provides insight into the molecular and cellular effects of the M2G biosynthetic gene cluster, contributing to understanding of the mechanism behind physiological plasticity under this heterologous expression system.
When Does Form Reflect Function? Acknowledging and Supporting Ecomorphological Assumptions
Authors: Feilich Kara L , López-Fernández Hernán 
Published: May 2019

AbstractEcomorphology is the study of relationships between organismal morphology and ecology. As such, it is the only way to determine if morphometric data can be used as an informative proxy for ecological variables of interest. To achieve this goal, ecomorphology often depends on, or directly tests, assumptions about the nature of the relationships among morphology, performance, and ecology. We discuss three approaches to the study of ecomorphology: morphometry-driven, function-driven, and ecology-driven and study design choices inherent to each approach. We also identify 10 assumptions that underlie ecomorphological research: 4 of these are central to all ecomorphological studies and the remaining 6 are variably applicable to some of the specific approaches described above. We discuss how these assumptions may impact ecomorphological studies and affect the interpretation of their findings. We also point out some limitations of ecomorphological studies, and highlight some ways by which we can strengthen, validate, or eliminate systematic assumptions.
Evaluation of the optimal standardized ileal digestible threonine:lysine ratio in lactating sow diets
Authors: Greiner Laura , Graham Amanda , Goncalves Marcio , Orlando Uiseli , Touchette Kevin J 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Camborough PIC sows (n = 291) were fed 1 of 5 dietary treatments to evaluate the standardized ileal digestible (SID) Thr:Lys requirement during lactation. Sows were blocked by parity (1, 2, and 3+) and randomly allotted to 1 of 5 SID Thr:Lys ratios (52, 60, 68, 76, and 84). SID Lys was formulated to 1.03% and SID methionine and cystine (M + C):Lys was 55%. Sows were allowed 5.45 kg feed/day starting on the day of farrowing. All other nutrients met or exceeded the NRC (2012) requirements. Sows were allowed ad libitum access to water, and piglets were cross-fostered within treatment within 24 h of birth. Data collected during the study included sow prefarrow BW, sow weaning weight, starting litter weight, weaning litter weight, piglet mortality, weaning-to-estrus interval, and subsequent total born piglets. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design using PROC MIXED with sow as the experimental unit and treatment and parity as fixed effects. Requirement estimation models evaluated were quadratic polynomial, broken-line linear, and broken-line quadratic (BLQ) using PROC NLMIXED. Models that differed in their Bayesian information criterion (BIC) values by at least 2 points were considered to have meaningful differences in their data fit. The best-fit model was based on the best BIC value. As the SID Thr:Lys ratio increased, there was a quadratic response on ADFI (4.73, 4.57, 4.67, 4.55, and 4.60 kg/d; P = 0.001) and percent of sow BW loss (−6.4, −7.89, −7.35, −6.19, and −5.81; P = 0.004). In addition, there was a trend for weaning-to-estrus interval to be affected by the ratio (5.4, 4.4, 4.6, 4.5, and 4.8; P = 0.07). Daily litter gain was also quadratically improved as the SID Thr:Lys ratio increased (2.67, 2.67, 2.78, 2.77, and 2.68 kg/d; P-value = 0.001). For daily litter gain, the BLQ model was determined to be the best fit with an estimated SID Thr:Lys requirement of 65%. In conclusion, the optimal SID Thr:Lys ratio for litter growth was 65.
Recurrent abdominal liposarcoma presenting with intestinal obstruction
Authors: Abufkhaida Belal S , Alsalameh Barah K 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Liposarcoma is the most common retroperitoneal sarcoma and mesenchymal tumor in the abdomen. Usually, it presents with vague symptoms due to its large size and slow growth at the time of diagnosis. Liposarcoma is associated with a high local recurrence rate according to its histology, size and growth rate. Up till now, surgical resection is the only effective treatment for primary and recurrent abdominal liposarcoma.
Secondary mesenteric liposarcoma is an extremely rare entity and so far a small number of cases have been reported in the literature. In this article, we present a rare case of a 63-year-old female patient who was diagnosed with mesenteric liposarcoma after 3 years of complete excision of retroperitoneal liposarcoma, presenting primarily as abdominal mass causing mechanical intestinal obstruction.
Joint Space Narrowing in Patients with Femoroacetabular Impingement: A Matched Cohort Study of Military versus Civilian Patients
Authors: Dumont Guillaume D , Antosh Ivan J , Carmon Philip 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroductionDecreased hip joint space has been associated with poorer outcomes after hip arthroscopy. The purpose of this study was to determine if a difference exists in hip joint degenerative findings in military versus civilian patients with FAI.MethodsA single surgeon’s case series was reviewed to identify all patients undergoing primary hip arthroscopy for treatment of FAI. All active duty military personnel were included in the study group. A cohort of civilian patients matched for age, gender, lateral center edge (LCE) angle, and alpha angle was identified and included as the control group. The hip joint space was measured at the medial and lateral extents of the acetabular sourcil and the center of the sourcil. The Tonnis grade for osteoarthritis was recorded for each patient. Labral tear size as well as femoral head and acetabular chondromalacia grading were obtained from operative records.ResultsA total of 229 patients that underwent primary hip arthroscopy for FAI were identified. 46(20.1%) were active duty military personnel. A well-matched cohort of 46 civilian patients was identified. There was no statistical difference in age (35.0, 34.7 years), gender (31 males, 15 females in both groups), BMI (26.8, 27.6), LCE angle (31.0, 31.5), and alpha angle (64.9, 64.9) between the civilian and military groups. Joint space was narrower in the military group in each of the three measured locations (Superomedial 3.8 mm vs 4.2 mm, p = 0.025; Superior 4.0 mm vs 4.4 mm, p = 0.013; Superolateral 4.4 mm vs 4.9 mm, p = 0.043).ConclusionMilitary patients with FAI may have increased joint space narrowing compared to otherwise similar civilian patients. Femoral and acetabular chondromalacia are found in similar frequencies in military and civilian populations, however the grading system utilized accounts for the presence but not the size of high grade lesions.Level of EvidenceLevel 3.
Histiotus magellanicus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)
Authors: Díaz M Mónica , Ossa Gonzalo , Barquez Rubén M 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHistiotus magellanicus (Philippi, 1866) is a vespertilionid bat called the southern big-eared brown bat. The dark color of the ears and the absence of a connecting band between the ears are the characters that clearly differentiate this species from all other species of Histiotus. It is a little-known species with a distribution restricted to the southern portions of Argentina and Chile. H. magellanicus is listed as “Least Concern” by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.
Hepatitis B Virus Prevalence and Vaccination in Men Who Have Sex With Men in West Africa (CohMSM ANRS 12324—Expertise France)
Authors: Dah Ter Tiero Elias , Couderc Clotilde , Coulibaly Alou , kouamé Malan Jean-Baptiste , Agboyibor Mawuényégan Kouamivi , Traoré Issa , Maradan Gwenaëlle , Rojas Castro Daniela , Mensah Ephrem , Anoma Camille , Dembélé Keita Bintou , Spire Bruno , Laurent Christian ,   CohMSM Study Group, Couderc Clotilde , Granouillac Bruno , Izard Suzanne , Laurent Christian , March Laura , Peeters Martine , Serrano Laetitia , Berenger Cyril , Bourrelly Michel , Coulaud Pierre-Julien , Maradan Gwenaelle , Mora Marion , Sagaon-Teyssier Luis , Spire Bruno , Bernier Adeline , Palvadeau Paméla , Castro Daniela Rojas , Camara Drissa , Cisse Oumar , Coulibaly Alou , Keita Bintou Dembélé , Diallo Fodié , Diarra Mahamadou , Keita Abdoul Aziz , Maiga Kader , Ouologuem Aly , Traore Fodé , Thomas Aka Niamkey , Anoma Camille , Babo Yoro Stéphane-Alain , Coulibaly Noufo Hamed , Kotchi Rachelle , Kouabenan Patrick , Jean-Baptiste kouamé Malan , Julien Lokrou Kpassou , Dibi N’Guessan Frédéric , Coulibaly Christian , Elias Dah Ter Tiero , Ilboudo Ousseni , Ouedraogo Joseph , Ouedraogo Mamadou , Thio Elisabeth , Toure Juste Rodrigue , Traore Abdoulazziz , Traoré Issa , Yougbare Fiffou , Kokouvi Kouakou , Agbomadji Selom , Agboyibor Mawuényégan Kouamivi , Attiogbe Messan , Mawuli Badjassim Aléda , Lorette Ekon Agbégnigan , Kokouba Anouwarsadat , Mensah Ephrem , Strauss Tablissi Diimiln Joseph , Dagnra Claver Anoumou Yaotsé 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundAlthough men who have sex with men (MSM) are at high risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, they do not have access to vaccination in West Africa, which is a highly endemic region. We investigated HBV prevalence and associated factors, as well as acceptability and difficulties of vaccination in MSM enrolled in an operational research program in Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Mali, and Togo.MethodsWe followed up 779 MSM in 2015–2018. Participants who were negative for both hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibodies (anti-HBs) at enrollment were offered HBV vaccination. Factors associated with HBV infection were identified using logistic regression models.ResultsOverall, HBV prevalence was 11.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.0%–13.6%). It was lower in Togo than in Côte d’Ivoire (2.7% vs 17.3%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.12; 95% CI, 0.02–0.28) and higher in participants with 6+ recent male sexual partners (21.0% vs 9.3%; aOR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.12–1.97). Of 528 participants eligible for vaccination, 484 (91.7%) were willing to be vaccinated and received at least 1 dose (ranging from 68.2% in Abidjan to 96.4% in Bamako; P &lt; .001). Of the latter, 390 (80.6%) received 3 or 4 doses. The proportion of participants for whom the minimum required time between each dose was respected ranged from 10.9% in Bamako to 88.6% in Lomé (P &lt; .001).ConclusionsMSM in West Africa should be targeted more for HBV screening and vaccination. Although vaccination is well accepted by MSM, greater training of health care workers and education of MSM are required.