bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel activation (nicorandil) in patients with angina pectoris undergoing elective percutaneous coronary interventions
Authors: Zhu Houyong , Xu Xiaoqun , Fang Xiaojiang , Zheng Jianwu , Chen Tielong , Huang Jinyu 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Aims:
Nicorandil, which is a mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel opener, is believed to improve perioperative myocardial injury (PMI) in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), but recent studies have shown that nicorandil treatment did not improve functional and clinical outcomes in patients with angina pectoris who underwent elective PCI. We performed a meta-analysis to investigate the protective effect of nicorandil on perioperative injury in patients with angina pectoris who underwent elective PCI.

Methods:
The Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched for randomized clinical trials examining the effects of nicorandil. Two investigators independently selected suitable trials, extracted data, and assessed trial quality.

Results:
Seven studies of patients undergoing elective PCI, comprising a total of 979 patients, were included in this review. The results showed that nicorandil did not reduce the levels of markers of myocardial injury (standardized mean difference [SMD] 0.31 [95%CI −0.6, 1.22] for creatine kinase-MB [CK-MB] and 1.29 [95%CI −2.18, 4.76] for troponin I [TNI]), perioperative complications (relative risk [RR] 0.91 [95%CI 0.46–1.81]), target vessel revascularization (RR 0.79 [95%CI 0.50–1.25]) or major adverse cardiac events (MACE) (RR 0.83 [95%CI 0.49–1.43]). Nicorandil did reduce the corrected TIMI frame count (SMD-0.30 [95%CI −0.52, −0.09]).

Conclusion:
Although nicorandil did not reduce the overall incidence of perioperative complications and the incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in patients with angina pectoris who underwent elective PCI, it could still improve no reflow and slow coronary flow.
Relaxed skin tension line-oriented keystone-designed perforator island flaps considering the facial aesthetic unit concept for the coverage of small to moderate facial defects
Authors: Yoon Chi Sun , Kim Hyo Bong , Kim Young Keun , Kim Hoon , Kim Kyu Nam 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
A variety of reconstructive options including skin grafts, loco-regional flaps, and free flaps exist for the coverage of facial defects. Each technique has advantages and disadvantages. In this study, we present our experience with relaxed skin tension line (RSTL)-oriented, keystone-designed perforator island flap (KDPIF) reconstructions, in consideration of the facial aesthetic unit concept for coverage of small to moderate facial defects.
Between May 2016 and February 2018, 17 patients (11 men and 6 women), with an average age of 63.53 years (range: 37–83 years) underwent KDPIF reconstructions to cover facial defects. We performed the KDPIF reconstructions in consideration of the RSTLs and facial aesthetic unit concept. We retrospectively reviewed the defect causes, locations, and sizes, and flap sizes, types, and survivals, as well as the complications. Cosmetic outcomes were evaluated using the Harris 4-stage scale from 3 independent plastic surgeons’ point of view, and postoperative satisfactory surveys from all patients.
All defects were successfully covered with KDPIF. The defect sizes varied from 1.5 × 1.5 cm2 to 3 × 3.5 cm2. The flap sizes varied from 1.5 × 3 cm2 to 3 × 5.5 cm2. All flaps fully survived and there were no postoperative complications. The average subjective patient satisfaction score was 8.29 (range: 7–10) and the objective cosmetic outcomes were favorable (fair, good, or excellent).
Considering its simplicity and safety, the KDPIF is a good reconstruction option with few complications and high reproducibility. The RSTL-oriented KDPIF reconstruction is a good reconstructive option for covering small to moderate facial defects with superior aesthetic outcomes.
The utility of Jerk-locked back averaging technique in diagnosis of generalized myoclonic epilepsy with normal scalp EEG
Authors: Zheng Xiangyu , Wang Zan , Liu Chang , Hu Minghui , Lv Yudan 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Rationale:
The diagnosis of myoclonic epilepsy and the classification of generalized or partial type may be challenging, especially when the scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) is normal. In such situation, how to apply another electrophysiological technique to begin the diagnosis and classification? The utility of Jerk-locked back averaging technique has been described in our case.

Patient concerns:
A Chinese patient (male, 21 years old) presented with frequent unilateral or bilateral shoulder-jerking. He has an epilepsy history of complex partial seizure (CPS) or secondary tonic-clonic seizure (sGTCS) for 10 years.

Diagnosis:
After admission, scalp EEG was performed with the normal result when the patient showed the jerks. According to the patient's clinical presentation, we suspected myolconic seizure, but there was lack of objective evidence. Then we used Jerk-locked back averaging technique to help begin the diagnosis. A bilateral-symmetrical time-locked, evoked cortical averaging potential that preceded the jerk has been found. So the jerks were considered as cortical origin and generalized myoclonic seizure was confirmed.

Interventions:
So in this situation, we added another antiepileptic drug of Levetiracetam (1500 mg/24 h).

Outcomes:
One week later, the jerk seizure had disappeared, and in the following visit, he had an improved prognosis with decreased seizure frequency.

Lessons:
Generalized polyspike-slow wave in EEG was common to see in myoclonic seizure and can help to make the classification. However, it should not dissuade clinicians from the diagnosis of myoclonic epilepsy with normal scalp EEG. Under this condition, we may apply other electrophysiological technique such as Jerk-locked back averaging technique, to give objective evidence to verify the cortical origin.
Pediatric plexiform fibromyxoma
Authors: Fukazawa Mitsuharu , Koga Hiroshi , Hiroshige Shoji , Matsumoto Toshifumi , Nakazono Yuichi , Yoshikawa Yasuji 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background:
Plexiform fibromyxoma (PF) is a rare gastric mesenchymal tumor, with approximately 80 cases reported to date. Gastrointestinal stromal tumor, the most common primary mesenchymal tumor of the stomach, shows different biological and clinical characteristics between adult and pediatric patients.

Objectives:
This systematic literature review was conducted to elucidate the pathological and clinical features of pediatric PF compared to adult PF.

Methods:
MEDLINE (1948 to March 2018) and EMBASE (1947 to March 2018) were searched, and all English articles that reported clinical data on PF patients were identified. Two authors independently reviewed the articles and extracted data to assess immunohistochemistry, sex, chief complaint, tumor size, tumor-related mortality, and tumor recurrence and metastasis.

Results:
A total of 41 reports with 80 PF patients (of whom 70 were adult PF and 10 were pediatric PF patients) confirmed by histological and immunohistochemical findings were included. Of a total of 80 tumors, 62 (78%) were located in the gastric antrum, 42 (65%) presented with ulceration, and 48 (74%) were resected by partial gastrectomy. Median tumor size of the resected specimen was larger in pediatric PF than in adult PF cases (5.3 cm vs 4.0 cm, P = .036). However, there was no difference between pediatric and adult PFs in immunohistochemical expression, sex predominance, chief complaint, tumor-related mortality, and tumor recurrence and metastasis during the follow-up periods.

Conclusion:
Other than increased tumor growth in pediatric PFs, PF is a single disease entity with similar pathological features and benign clinical behavior regardless of onset age.
Ultrasonographic findings of intrahepatic lymphoepithelioma-like cholangiocarcinoma associated with Epstein–Barr virus
Authors: Ling Wenwu , Lu Changli , Huang He , Qiu Tingting , Lu Qiang , Huang Chengwu , Gong Ping , Luo Yan , Chen Shigao 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Rationale:
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-related lymphoepithelioma-like cholangiocarcinoma (LELCC) is an extremely rare primary liver tumor with nonspecific clinical manifestations. The clinicopathological features of EBV-associated LELCC have been reported in a few cases. But reports of the tumor's imaging characteristics, particularly ultrasonographic findings, are very rare.

Patient concerns:
The first patient was a 64-year-old man with left upper quadrant pain and no nausea and dizziness for about 3 months. The second patient was a 40-year-old man, had an incidental finding of a hepatic tumor in a routine health checkup at a local hospital.

Diagnoses:
In the first patient, the abdominal ultrasound demonstrated a slightly heterogeneous hypoechoic nodule in segment 3 of the liver. The nodule was about 2.0 cm × 1.7 cm in size, with a clear margin and regular shape. Color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) revealed no blood flow signals in this nodule. According to the clinical information and imaging features, it was difficult to determine the diagnosis of the nodule. In the second patient, gray-scale ultrasound revealed a slightly heterogeneous hypoechoic mass measuring 3.5 cm × 2.5 cm with well-defined margin and regular shape at the superior segment of the left hepatic lateral lobe. There was a blurrily hypoechoic halo around the mass. In contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), the mass was homogeneous hyperenhancement in the arterial phase. In the portal phase and late phase, the center enhancement of the mass washed out gradually, presenting hypoenhancement, Therefore, the tumor was diagnosed as malignancy.

Intervention:
Finally, a laparoscopic left hepatic lateral lobectomy was performed in the first patient. The second patient underwent a left hepatectomy with cholecystectomy.

Outcomes:
The first patient has been alive without recurrence or distant metastases for 11 months since the surgery. The second patient received routine follow-up after surgery. Until now, he has been tumor-free for 32 months.

Lessons:
We mainly focus on the ultrasound characteristics of EBV-associated LELCC, especially its enhancement patterns on CEUS, which may provide valuable information for diagnosis of the LELCC. When a liver tumor with typical CEUS patterns of malignancy is found in middle-aged adults with EBV positive, the possibility of EBV-related LELCC should be considered.
Novel Approaches for Systemic Mastocytosis
Authors: Fletcher Luke , Borate Uma 
Published: January 2019

Purpose of reviewThe purpose of this review is to summarize the pathophysiology of systemic mastocytosis, review the most recent clinical trials and drug development in systemic mastocytosis, with a specific focus on the advanced systemic mastocytosis subtypes.Recent findingsSystemic mastocytosis is a clonal neoplasm of mast cells that has had a number of successful therapeutic options being developed in the past few years. The first therapeutic agent to be Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved in decades was midostaurin in 2017 with a 60% response rate % with improvement in both end-organ damage and symptoms. However, complete responses/remissions with midostaurin have been elusive. Additional clinical trials of tyrosine kinase inhibitors that target the proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase (KIT) mutation show great promise. The two drugs with promising early clinical trial data include avapritinib and DCC-2618 with avapritinib showing potential to induce complete remissions.SummaryTherapies for systemic mastocytosis are in a stage of evolution with further elucidation of additional mutations associated with oncogenesis in addition to the most commonly describedKIT(give details), ongoing clinical trials could potentially with lead to further targeted therapy and increased complete responses and durable remissions.
Evaluation of Endoscopic Strip Craniectomy and Orthotic Therapy for Bilateral Coronal Craniosynostosis
Authors: Williams Conor T. , Segar David J. , Naidoo Sybill D. , Skolnick Gary B. , Proctor Mark R. , Smyth Matthew D. , Patel Kamlesh B. 
Published: January 2019

Background:
Bilateral coronal craniosynostosis is the premature fusion of both coronal sutures. Traditionally, this condition is treated by frontal–orbital advancement (FOA). Endoscopic strip craniectomy with cranial orthotic therapy, which has gained popularity in treating single suture craniosynostosis, has recently been adapted for the treatment of bicoronal synostosis. There have been few studies documenting the outcomes of this treatment. The objective of this study is to compare the morphological outcomes of endoscopic strip craniectomy and FOA in patients with bicoronal synostosis.

Methods:
A retrospective case series was done on 24 patients with bilateral coronal synostosis treated with endoscopic strip craniectomy or FOA at 2 institutions. Patients with preoperative and 1-year postoperative computed tomography scans were included. Multiple measures of cranial shape and size were assessed: cephalic index, turricephaly index, basofrontal angle, circumference Z-score, and cranial vault volume Z-score.

Results:
The 2 groups were similar statistically in terms of morphology at preoperative scan. There were no statistical differences between the FOA group and endoscopic group at postoperative scan in any of the morphologic outcomes measured. Cranial vault volume Z-scores increased postoperatively in both the endoscopic (P < 0.001) and FOA (P = 0.034) groups.

Conclusions:
One year after repair there were no significant morphological difference between patients with bicoronal synostosis treated with the endoscopic approach and those treated by FOA.
Management of Craniopharyngioma
Authors: Kiliç Mustafa , Can Songül Meltem , Özdemir Burak , Tanik Canan 
Published: January 2019

Objective:
Craniopharyngiomas are one of the most challenging problems for neurosurgeons because of the high recurrence rates due to their localization and associated endocrinological disorders. This study reports the outcomes of surgeries and recurrence rates of 45 craniopharyngioma cases.

Method:
Patients who were diagnosed with craniopharyngioma in the authors’ clinic between 1998 and 2016 evaluated retrospectively.

Results:
A total of 45 patients (25 males and 20 females; age, 3–56 years) who had previously undergone surgery for craniopharyngioma were enrolled and followed up for 12 to 222 months (mean follow-up duration, 73.5 ± 55.2 months). Among these, 25 were children (55.5%) with a mean age of 9.5 ± 4.6 years and 20 were adults (45.5%) with a mean age of 37.2 ± 12.7 years. A total of 39 (86.6%) patients underwent total tumor resection, while 6 (13.4%) underwent subtotal tumor removal. During 12 to 30 months of follow-up, the progression of residual tumor was recorded in 4 patients, 3 of whom underwent surgery and postoperative radiotherapy. Despite the total resection of tumor in their first surgery, 3 patients showed tumor recurrence during 15 to 34 months of the follow-up.

Conclusion:
Our findings suggest that the total resection of craniopharyngiomas, when possible, results in a favorable quality of life, with acceptable mortality and morbidity rates.
Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography Analysis of Stability Following Two- and Three-Point Fixation With Biodegradable Plates Among Patients With Zygomatic Fracture
Authors: Na Woong Gyu , Lim Hyoseob , Koh Sung Hoon 
Published: January 2019

Background:
Open reduction followed by internal fixation has been regarded as the most effective technique for the surgical repair of zygomatic fractures. However, the ideal number and locations of internal fixation points to maintain stable reduction remain controversial. Using 3-dimensional computed tomography, we aimed to compare the stability of 2-point and 3-point fixation among patients who had undergone surgical repair of zygomatic bone fractures.

Methods:
The study included 22 patients (17 men, 5 women) with unilateral zygomatic bone fractures who had undergone open reduction with 2-point or three-point fixation using biodegradable materials (11 patients in each group). The authors measured the lateral projection and height of the zygoma at 2 landmark points (zygomaticofacial foramen and frontozygomatic suture). In each group, bony displacement was analyzed between the preoperative and immediate postoperative phases, and between the preoperative and follow-up phases. Differences in stability between the 2 groups were analyzed by comparing values between the immediate postoperative and follow-up phases.

Results:
The 2-point group exhibited a lower rate of complex fractures at the frontozygomatic suture than the 3-point group (18.2%, 63.6%, respectively). In both groups, the authors observed significant differences in the lateral projection of the zygomaticofacial foramen between the preoperative and immediate postoperative phases, and between the preoperative and follow-up phases. No significant differences in stability were observed between the groups.

Conclusion:
Our findings demonstrated that 2-point fixation of the zygoma with biodegradable materials is as stable as 3-point fixation. It could be initially considered when open reduction of frontozygomatic suture was not essential.
A Biographical Journey Through the History of Ear Reconstruction
Authors: Price James C. , Lloyd Mark S. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This historical literature review of ear reconstruction differs from much of the published literature in that it focuses on the biographies of the innovators and evangelists of ear reconstruction rather than specific techniques. A biographical account of ear reconstruction demonstrates the importance of surgeons as artists, scientists, technicians, politicians, and most importantly carers of this special and fascinating group of patients who benefit from this technically challenging form of reconstruction.
Feature Design for Protein Interface hotspots using KFC2 and Rosetta
Authors: Seeger Franziska , Little Anna , Chen Yang , Woolf Tina , Cheng Haiyan , Mitchell Julie C. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractProtein-protein interactions regulate many essential biological processes and play an important role in health and disease. The process of experimentally charac-terizing protein residues that contribute the most to protein-protein interaction affin-ity and specificity is laborious. Thus, developing models that accurately characterize hotspots at protein-protein interfaces provides important information about how to inhibit therapeutically relevant protein-protein interactions. During the course of the ICERM WiSDM workshop 2017, we combined the KFC2a protein-protein interaction hotspot prediction features with Rosetta scoring function terms and interface filter metrics. A 2-way and 3-way forward selection strategy was employed to train support vector machine classifiers, as was a reverse feature elimination strategy. From these results, we identified subsets of KFC2a and Rosetta combined features that show improved performance over KFC2a features alone.
Evolving super stimuli for real neurons using deep generative networks
Authors: Ponce Carlos R. , Xiao Will , Schade Peter F. , Hartmann Till S. , Kreiman Gabriel , Livingstone Margaret S. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFinding the best stimulus for a neuron is challenging because it is impossible to test all possible stimuli. Here we used a vast, unbiased, and diverse hypothesis space encoded by a generative deep neural network model to investigate neuronal selectivity in inferotemporal cortex without making any assumptions about natural features or categories. A genetic algorithm, guided by neuronal responses, searched this space for optimal stimuli. Evolved synthetic images evoked higher firing rates than even the best natural images and revealed diagnostic features, independently of category or feature selection. This approach provides a way to investigate neural selectivity in any modality that can be represented by a neural network and challenges our understanding of neural coding in visual cortex.HighlightsA generative deep neural network interacted with a genetic algorithm to evolve stimuli that maximized the firing of neurons in alert macaque inferotemporal and primary visual cortex.The evolved images activated neurons more strongly than did thousands of natural images.Distance in image space from the evolved images predicted responses of neurons to novel images.
Conserved transcriptomic profile between mouse and human colitis allows temporal dynamic visualization of IBD-risk genes and unsupervised patient stratification
Authors: Czarnewski Paulo , Parigi Sara M. , Sorini Chiara , Diaz Oscar E. , Das Srustidhar , Gagliani Nicola , Villablanca Eduardo J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstrasctDespite the fact that ulcerative colitis (UC) patients show heterogeneous clinical manifestation and diverse response to biological therapies, all UC patients are classified as one group. Therefore, there is a lack of tailored therapies. In order to design these, an unsupervised molecular re-classification of UC patients is evoked. Classical clustering approaches based on tissue transcriptomic data were not able to classify UC patients into subgroups, likely due to associated covariates. In addition, while genome wide association studies (GWAS) have identified potential new target genes, their temporal dynamic revealing the optimal therapeutic window of time remains to be elucidated. To overcome the limitations, we generated time-series transcriptome data from a mouse model of colitis, which was then cross-compared with human datasets. This allowed us to visualize IBD-risk gene expression kinetics and reveal that the expression of the majority of IBD-risk genes peak during the inflammatory phase, and not the recovery phase. Moreover, by restricting the analysis to the most differentially expressed genes shared between mouse and human, we were able to cluster UC patients into two subgroups, termed UC1 and UC2. We found that UC1 patients expressed higher copy of genes involved in neutrophil recruitment, activation and degranulation compared to UC2. Of note, we found that over 87% of UC1 patients failed to respond to two of the most widely-used biological therapies for UC.This study serves as a proof of concept that cross-species comparison of gene expression profiles enables the temporal annotation of disease-associated gene expression and the stratification of patients as of yet considered molecularly undistinguishable.
Calcium-driven regulation of voltage-sensing domains in BK channels
Authors: Lorenzo-Ceballos Yenisleidy , Carrasquel-Ursulaez Willy , Castillo Karen , Alvarez Osvaldo , Latorre Ramon 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAllosteric interplays between voltage-sensing domains (VSD), Ca2+-binding sites, and the pore domain govern the Ca2+- and voltage-activated K+ (BK) channel opening. However, the functional relevance of the Ca2+- and voltage-sensing mechanisms crosstalk on BK channel gating is still debated. We examined the energetic interaction between Ca2+ binding and VSD activation measuring and analyzing the effects of internal Ca2+ on BK channels gating currents. Our results indicate that the Ca2+ sensors occupancy has a strong impact on the VSD activation through a coordinated interaction mechanism in which Ca2+ binding to a single α-subunit affects all VSDs equally. Moreover, the two distinct high-affinity Ca2+-binding sites contained in the C-terminus domains, RCK1 and RCK2, appear to contribute equally to decrease the free energy necessary to activate the VSD. We conclude that voltage-dependent gating and pore opening in BK channels is modulated to a great extent by the interaction between Ca2+ sensors and VSDs.