bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated Whole-Life Cycle Accuracy Valvular Heart Disease Epidemiology Cohort Study (iWAVE): protocol for a prospective cohort study
Authors: Liu Xiang , Wang Yuqiang , Cao Tingqian , Jun Shi , Liu Lulu , Zhou Yongzhao , Guo Yingqiang 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionDespite the rapid advancements in cardiovascular surgery in China, the prevalence of valvular heart disease (VHD) continues to rise, particularly among the elderly population. In the resource-constrained western regions, the lack of an integrated care management system significantly contributes to the burden of cardiovascular disease. Consequently, a comprehensive cohort data platform that encompasses the entire lifespan of patients with VHD is essential. This prospective cohort study aims to facilitate the examination of risk factor screening, disease progression, diagnostic and treatment strategies, and the long-term functional recovery trajectories of patients following valve surgery.Methods and analysisThe Integrated Whole-Life Cycle Accuracy Valvular Heart Disease Epidemiology Cohort Study is a prospective cohort study that plans to enrol approximately 10 000 participants, including both patients with VHD and members of the general population, by 2028. Led by the West China Hospital of Sichuan University, it will be conducted in collaboration with 15 medical consortiums and their affiliated community hospitals. This study seeks to assess the disease trajectory of VHD, as well as the risk factors and protective measures that influence its progression and prognosis. This study will collect and analyse basic demographic information, peripheral blood and tissue samples, long-term functional follow-up data, and patient-reported outcome questionnaires. Additionally, electronic health records will be used to document patients with VHD undergoing surgical interventions, along with lifetime endpoint events for the valve clinical study.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol was approved by the Biomedical Research Ethics Committee of West China Hospital of Sichuan University (No. 20232422). All participants will be required to provide written informed consent. The study findings will be disseminated via publications in peer-reviewed journals and presentations at scientific conferences.
Relationship between uncertainty in illness and hope in patients undergoing haemodialysis in Iran: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sajjadi Seyyede Leila , Vahidi Maryam , Anarjani Sar Alireza , Nemati Hossein 
Published: December 2024

ObjectivesPatients undergoing haemodialysis suffer from uncertainty in illness and hopelessness. The main objective of this study was to examine uncertainty in illness and its relationship with hope in patients undergoing haemodialysis in Iran.DesignCross-sectional study.Setting and participantsThis study included 202 haemodialysis patients recruited through proportional sampling. Data were gathered using the Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale–Community Form and Snyder’s Hope scale. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and statistical tests including Pearson’s correlation, independent t-test and analysis of variance.ResultsThe mean scores of uncertainty in illness, agency thinking and pathways thinking were 61.91±10.54 (range: 23– 115), 10.30±2.74 (range: 4–16) and 12.04±2.66 (range: 4–16), respectively. The Pearson correlation reflected a significant negative correlation between uncertainty in illness and agency thinking (r=−0.20, p=0.004) and also between uncertainty in illness and pathways thinking (r=−0.21, p=0.002).ConclusionsThe study found that people with higher education and income, younger age, waiting for a kidney transplant and low uncertainty have more agency and pathway thinking. Therefore, these variables should be worked on. According to the negative association between uncertainty in illness and agency and pathways thinking, well-designed interventions to reduce uncertainty in illness and enhance hope in haemodialysis patients are recommended.
‘I need to know, just put me in the picture’: a qualitative study of the lived experiences and supportive care needs of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Acharya Priya , Calnan Cecilia , Girgis Afaf , Levy Miriam Tania 
Published: December 2024

ObjectiveSupportive care is considered an integral part of cancer care, but little is known about the supportive care needs (SCNs) of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to examine the lived experience of patients with HCC and report on their SCN.MethodsA qualitative, semistructured interview of 23 patients with HCC was undertaken. Interviews were recorded and transcribed, and the data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis to gain insight into the met and unmet SCN of patients with HCC.ResultsThree thematic areas of focus were derived from the analysis: (1) coping with uncertainty; (2) dependence on familial and social networks to meet SCN and (3) communication with healthcare professionals and access to specialised nursing support.ConclusionsWe identified specific informational and practical SCNs of patients with HCC. Our participants largely relied on family and support networks to meet these SCNs, leading to concerns about carer burden. Access to specialised nurses who could assist patients in navigating health and healthcare systems was universally valued by patients as a method by which the health service could meet some of these SCNs.
Effects of urbanisation and seasons on the relationship between frozen road conditions and road traffic injury: a longitudinal study of national emergency medical service data in South Korea
Authors: Won Jun Hee , Yoon Jaehong , Jeong Joo , Chung Younshik , Han Sangjin , Ro Young Sun , Leigh Ja-Ho 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundFrozen road conditions could be a factor in road traffic injuries, and seasonality and urbanisation level are potential influencing factors. However, few studies have considered this relationship. Therefore, we examined the effect of frozen road conditions on road traffic injury rates and the differences across seasons and urbanisation levels.MethodsWe used nationwide data on road traffic injuries and weather from the National Emergency Medical Service Run Sheet and the Korea Meteorological Administration, respectively, from 2018 to 2021. We analysed the relationship between frozen road conditions and road traffic injuries by administrative district and day using a generalised estimating equation with log link function and Poisson distribution, stratified by season and urbanisation level.ResultsAfter excluding summer, the analysis of 605 254 road traffic injury cases revealed a higher road crash incidence under frozen road conditions, with injuries increasing by 30% (rate ratio (RR): 1.33, 95% CI: 1.30 to 1.37). The relationship between road traffic injury rate and frozen road conditions varied significantly by season and urbanisation level. The stratification analysis showed that the relationship between these two variables was significant in the fall (RR: 2.07, 95% CI: 1.74 to 2.46) and winter (RR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.34 to 1.40). Furthermore, the road traffic injury rate was higher on frozen road conditions in urban (RR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.19 to 1.29) and rural areas (RR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.42 to 1.51), not in metropolitan areas.ConclusionThe road traffic injury rate increased under frozen road conditions and varied by season and urbanisation level. These findings indicate the need for road safety strategies tailored according to season and urbanisation level.
Report on an audit of two decades’ activities of a clinical ethics committee: the Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Clinical Ethics Advisory Group (CEAG)
Authors: Mohindra Raj K , Louw Stephen J 
Published: December 2024

Background‘The Clinical Ethics Advisory Group’ (CEAG) is the clinical ethics support body for Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust. A significant change in CEAG’s way of working occurred over the past 5 years as a result of Court decisions, increasing public expectations and an increase in CEAG’s paediatric case flow.PurposeReview historical data: (a) as a useful benchmark to look for the early impact of significant service changes and (b) to seek possible reference (‘sentinel’) cases for use with a posited practical (casuistic) case-based reasoning model.MethodsAudit of the minutes of the first 22 years’ meetings was undertaken by the two chairs of CEAG over that period of time.Results223 matters discussed: 86 Trust policy issues; 117 clinical cases (84 adult (32 urgent), 33 child (8 urgent)); 12 CEAG procedural issues and 8 UK Clinical Ethics Network ‘round robin’ cases. The range of topic areas was wide. A broad range of ethical structures were deployed, principlism predominated. Quality was subjectively assessed by each reviewer, but different methods were used. This proved highly concordant between the two reviewers. 47% (105/223) of discussions were ‘excellent’ (*A4C4–A4C4) and 70% (156.5/223) ‘good’ or better (*A4C4–A3C3). By meeting the criteria of ‘excellent’ and ‘prospective’, 92/223 (41%) of matters were deemed potentially suitable as sentinel cases.ConclusionsThe audit provides a rich vein of information. There is demand for CEAG’s services, workload is becoming more complex. Formal funding for such services seems justified.
Content analysis of marketing features in US nicotine pouch ads from 2021 to 2023
Authors: Czaplicki Lauren , Tfayli Dana , Spindle Tory R , Ibrahim Maryam , Kennedy Ryan David , Dowd Ashley , Diseker John Rogers , Thrul Johannes , Moran Meghan B 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionSince their 2016 US debut, nicotine pouches, which are available in various flavours and strengths, have grown in popularity. Nicotine pouches may appeal to people who use tobacco, but there is also concern that they may appeal to youth and non-nicotine users. This study analysed nicotine pouch advertising trends from 2021 to 2023 to explore advertising features and inform regulatory strategies.MethodsWe conducted a content analysis of 2147 nicotine pouch print, radio, online/mobile, direct emails and social media ads from 2021 to 2023. Ads were coded for flavours, terms and claims. Two trained coders double-coded all ads, and any discrepancies were reconciled. We conducted χ2and post-hoc tests to assess changes over time, using Bonferroni adjustments for multiple comparisons.ResultsMost ads (84.6%) were posted on brands’ social media accounts. Zyn ads comprised 54.5% of ads across media platforms. Most ads (72.3%) featured flavoured products, particularly fruit (27.1%) and mint (26.1%). Common terms included ‘smoke-free’ (19.2%), ‘tobacco-free’ (18.4%), ‘synthetic’ (12.9%) and ‘spit-free’ (10.6%), which all significantly declined from 2021 to 2023. The most common claim featured how convenient the product was to use, which significantly increased over time. Claims about product discreetness and the presence of coupons/discounts also significantly increased over time.ConclusionsWe observed a decline in terms of connecting nicotine pouches to other tobacco products and an increase in potentially youth-appealing convenience claims. Future research should investigate how these features impact risk perceptions and use intentions among people who never and currently use tobacco to inform regulations (ie, restrict youth-appealing claims).
Boys With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Have Diastolic Dysfunction Based on CMR
Authors: Starnes Joseph R. , Weiner Jeffrey G. , George-Durrett Kristen , Crum Kimberly , Henderson Christopher C. , Campbell M. Jay , Gambetta Katheryn , Hor Kan N. , Husain Nazia , Li Jennifer S. , Raucci Frank J. , Soriano Brian D. , Spurney Christopher F. , Markham Larry W. , Soslow Jonathan H. 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:
Cardiomyopathy is the leading cause of death in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). While cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is routinely used to assess fibrosis and left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction, CMR measures of LV filling and ejection in DMD have not been reported.

METHODS:
Patients with DMD (n=179) and healthy controls (n=96) were prospectively enrolled and underwent CMR. The DMD cohort was followed clinically at multiple institutions, and clinical data were recorded. Standard volumes and functions were calculated, and LV filling and ejection curves were measured from baseline CMR. Multivariable linear regressions were used to compare ventricular filling and ejection measures between groups, adjusting for baseline differences. Cox regressions were used to evaluate the relationship between diastolic function measures and mortality in the DMD cohort.

RESULTS:

Patients with DMD had significantly smaller stature and ventricular volumes than healthy control patients (
P
<0.001). They had lower baseline LV ejection fraction (
P
<0.001), though most had normal systolic function. When adjusted for age, sex, heart rate, body surface area, and LV end-diastolic volume, patients with DMD had slower peak filling rates (
P
<0.001) and peak ejection rates (
P
<0.001), as well as slower time to peak ventricular ejection rate (
P
=0.011). When adjusted for heart rate, a lower peak ventricular ejection rate (
P
=0.007) and peak filling rate (
P
=0.033), normalized to LV end-diastolic volume, were associated with mortality in patients with DMD.

CONCLUSIONS:
Patients with DMD have significantly different baseline CMR filling and ejection indices compared with controls. Some filling indices are associated with mortality and may be useful prognostic measures. Further research is needed in larger cohorts to determine the prognostic value of these differences.
An Exercise in Husserl’s Constitutive Phenomenology: Exploring the Intentionality of Clinical Intuition
Authors: Churchill Scott D. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Inspired by Husserl’s (1913/1962, 1925/1977, 1931/1960, 1948/1973, 1954/1970) long term interest in problems of “constitution” at transcendental, psychological, and intersubjective levels, this study originally took up the question of the constitution of social perception in the context of the psychodiagnostic interview. More simply, the research question was: how do psychologists participate in forming a clinical impression? As reported earlier (Churchill 1984a, 19984b, 1998, 2006), data consisted of descriptions obtained from two clinical psychologists reflecting upon their experience during the interview phase of a diagnostic assessment, each of which was videotaped for later reference. These descriptions were obtained in writing, and served as a basis for further elaborating and clarifying their experience through a series of collaborative interviews. The descriptions and interview data were collated into a text of statements for each participant representing different perceptual “moments” distinguishable within the psychologist’s experience. The researcher performed an “intentional analysis” of these experiential moments within the data, posing the following question: What does this statement reveal about the meaning-constituting activity of the psychologist during this moment of the clinical encounter? The “intentional structure” of clinical impression formation was articulated in terms of three interconnected and essential constituents – constitutive projects and interests, modes of attention, and modes of explication – all characteristic of the psychologist’s presence to a patient. The current paper offers a further reflection upon the methodological virtues of the phenomenological method of intentional analysis with an aim to clarify how psychologists can fruitfully apply this philosophical psychological method in qualitative research investigations on perception, cognition, attention, attribution, reflexivity, and psychological understanding.
Reconceptualising Peace, Resisting Stigma
Authors: Edgcumbe Sarah 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Much has been written about minorities in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, yet Kurdish Gypsies have been consistently overlooked in various analyses of conflict, the socio-political arena, peacebuilding, and development. This paper is rooted in qualitative research conducted throughout early 2023 among a Kurdish Gypsy clan who self-identify as Hosta. The research is contextualized by the complicated nature of identity within a dominant Kurdish nationalist ideology which presents the KRI as a beacon of equity and cohesion. The paper utilizes an interdisciplinary theoretical framework to explore Hosta experiences of peace as characterized by structural violence and social (in)cohesion. Indicators of peace identified by Hosta in response to the degradation and poverty which they currently experience are presented alongside Hosta reactions and practices of everyday resistance to their enforced social positionality at the very bottom of the KRI’s hierarchy of citizenship.
Characterization of Subdaily Rainfall Events over Central Africa: Duration, Intensity, Amount, and Spatial Scale of the Storm Types
Authors: Mengouna François Xavier , Philippon N. , Vondou Derbetini A. , Moron Vincent , Maranan Marlon , Fink Andreas H. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Using half-hourly rainfall data from 14 automated weather stations over central Africa, rainfall events [≥0.1 mm (30 min)−1] characteristics are explored. A total of 10 096 wet events (WEs) were identified and classified into six storm types (STs), mostly discretized by their duration and intensity. ST 1 is very short (<1.5 h) with low rainfall intensities over a small area and contributes the least to the total rainfall (7%) but is by far the most frequent (70% of the WEs). ST 2 is short (∼1.5 h) and sudden with very intense rains and of medium spatial scale (<200 km). ST 3 is short and of medium scale too but with low intensities and rainfall amounts. ST 4 and ST 5 are of large scale and long (∼3–4 h), with high rainfall amounts so that they contribute the most to the total rainfall (29% and 20%). Last, ST 6 is the largest, longest, and rainiest, although moderately intense. A complementary classification is performed on lagged gridded rainfall fields from IMERG to document the possible space–time evolution of the rainfall field during the life cycle of WEs. Four spatial types are identified. Spatial type 1 gathers the most frequent, less intense ones. Spatial type 2 is far less frequent but pictures westward-moving rainfall patterns, probably associated with mesoscale convective systems. Two spatial types (3 and 4) are related to high-intensity near-stationary rainfall events, respectively, located to the southwest and northwest of the stations. ST 4 is mostly present at stations close to the Atlantic Ocean.
Language is caught not taught: Parents’ use of bimodal bilingualism with their deaf children
Authors: Greene Ashley N. , Goyette Danielle , Metcalf Holly V. , Dixon Latoya K. , Eberwein Adele Ann , Clark M. Diane 
Published: December 2024

Aims and objectives: Bimodal bilingualism is a relatively new model for deaf children that involves the learning and utilization of two languages in the United States: American Sign Language (ASL) in the visual modality and English or another spoken language in the auditory modality. This approach involves using both sign language (visual modality) and spoken or written language (aural/oral modality). Methodology: A qualitative content analysis was conducted using semi-structured interviews to collect data from parents using a bimodal bilingual philosophy to raise their children. Data and analysis: This study investigated factors influencing parents’ decisions regarding the bimodal and bilingual development of their deaf child. A total of 14 families were identified. Findings: Most parents stated that they either knew or were exposed to deaf people and ASL or could obtain early intervention and support, knowing how to find resources for their child. Parents expressed a strong desire for their deaf child to be fully integrated into their family dynamics. They expressed high expectations for their child and saw them like any other family member. These parents valued bilingualism and did not see that bimodal bilingualism differed from learning two spoken languages. Originality: The model of bimodal bilingualism is relatively unknown, and no current studies have touched on multiple families’ choice to utilize bimodal bilingualism with their deaf children and what consequences emerged from doing so. Implications: Families that choose to utilize only oral/aural practices with their deaf child may notice negative effects on their child’s language development. Limitations: A future study should include more families, especially those with diverse cultures and backgrounds.
Clinical heterogeneity of feeding and eating disorders: using personality psychopathology to differentiate “simplex” and “complex” phenotypes
Authors: Colizzi Marco , Comacchio Carla , Garzitto Marco , Bucciarelli Lavinia , Candolo Anna , Cesco Maddalena , Croccia Veronica , Ferreghini Alessandra , Martinelli Rosita , Nicotra Alessandra , Sebastianutto Giulia , Balestrieri Matteo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
To investigate Feeding and Eating Disorders (FED) heterogeneity based on the co-occurrence of FED symptoms and personality psychopathology, on the hypothesis that empirical profiles would not confirm current FED categories but identify unique phenotypes carrying different levels of clinical complexity.

Methods
Latent Profile Analysis profiled FED patients based on the assessment of both FED symptoms, through the Eating Disorders Inventory, third version (EDI-3), and personality characteristics, through the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2. Then, profiles were compared across socio-demographic and clinical characteristics.

Results
Among 109 eligible patients, three FED profiles were identified: (i) FED simplex (low eating symptoms, absence of dysfunctional personality); (ii) FED simplex-severe (high eating symptoms only); and (iii) FED complex-severe (high eating symptoms and dysfunctional personality). Despite an uneven distribution (χ2(6) = 15.20, adjusted-p = 0.029), FED profiles did not unequivocally confirm clinical diagnoses (e.g., Anorexia Nervosa). A difference in Body Mass Index (BMI) was observed (K(2) = 15.06, adjusted-p = 0.001), but lower BMI did not identify the most severe group. Profiles differed in EDI-3 overall scores (e.g., Eating Disorder Risk Composite: K(2) = 43.08, adjusted-p < 0.001), Body Uneasiness Test Global Severity Index (GSI: K(2) = 29.33, adjusted-p < 0.001), Binge Eating Scale severity (K(2) = 25.49, adjusted-p < 0.001), number of psychiatric (K(2) = 8.79, adjusted-p = 0.021) and personality diagnoses (K(2) = 11.86, adjusted-p = 0.005), and Symptom Checklist-90-Revised GSI (F(2,103) = 37.68, adjusted-p < 0.001), with FED complex-severe patients being generally the most severely impaired in terms of FED symptoms, body concerns, depersonalization, and psychiatric comorbidities.

Conclusions
Findings support the hypothesis of distinguishing FED simplex and complex phenotypes, based on the co-occurrence of dysfunctional personality, with implications for FED severity and clinical practice.