bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of mixed aonla-guava fruit bar using response surface methodology
Authors: Mahawar Manoj Kumar , Jalgaonkar Kirti , Bibwe Bhushan , Kulkarni Tushar , Bhushan Bharat , Meena Vijay Singh 
Published: May 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to optimize the quantum of aonla pulp that could be mixed with guava pulp to make a nutritional rich fruit bar. The developed fruit bar will not only help in the improvement of processing value of both Guava and underused but highly nutritional Aonla but also serve the purpose of improvement in nutritional status of consumers.

Design/methodology/approach
Response surface methodology (RSM) using Box–Behnken design was used with the process variables as aonla and guava pulp ratio, PR (30:70, 40:60, 50:50); pectin concentration, PC (0, 0.15, 0.30%); and drying temperature, DT (50, 60, 70°C) for optimization of process conditions. The prepared mixed fruit leather was evaluated for physico-chemical, textural and sensory properties such as titratable acidity (TA), ascorbic acid content (AA), L value (lightness), cutting force (CF), taste and overall acceptability (OAA).

Findings
Second-order regression models fitted for TA, AA, L value (lightness), CF, taste and OAA were highly significant (P = 0.01) with the coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.85). The TA and AA of mixed fruit bar increased whereas L value, CF, taste and OAA decreased with increasing level of aonla pulp in the blend formulation. The optimum process conditions for mixed aonla-guava bar with desirable characteristics were 40:60 (PR), 0.02% (PC) and 56°C (DT). The corresponding optimum values of TA, AA, L value, CF, taste and OAA were 1.00%, 164 mg/100 g, 50, 5066 g, 7.83 and 7.92, respectively. The design formulation and data analysis using RSM validated the optimum solution.

Originality/value
This paper demonstrates that optimum blending of aonla and guava pulp has improved the overall nutritional characteristics and acceptability of the final product. This will not only help in reducing the associated post-harvest losses but also encourage the cultivators/local processing industries by stabilizing the price during glut sea.
Medical records management framework to support public healthcare services in Limpopo province of South Africa
Authors: Marutha Ngoako Solomon , Ngoepe Mpho 
Published: May 2018

Purpose
This study aims to develop a framework for the management of medical records in support of health-care service delivery in the hospitals in the Limpopo province of South Africa.

Design/methodology/approach
The study was predominantly quantitative and has used the questionnaires, system analysis, document analysis and observation to collect data in 40 hospitals of Limpopo province. The sample of 49 per cent (306) records management officials were drawn out of 622 (100 per cent) total population. The response rate was 71 per cent (217) out of the entire sample.

Findings
The study discovered that a framework for management of medical records in the public hospitals is not in place because of several reasons and further demonstrates that public health-care institutions need an integrative framework for the proper management of medical records of all forms and in all media.

Originality/value
The study develops and suggests a framework to embed medical records management into the health-care service delivery workflow for effective records management and ease of access. It is hoped that such a framework will help hospitals in South Africa and elsewhere to improve their medical records management to support health-care service provision.
What does it take to stress a word? Digital manipulation of stress markers in ataxic dysarthria
Authors: Lowit Anja , Ijitona Tolulope , Kuschmann Anja , Corson Stephen , Soraghan John 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundStress production is important for effective communication, but this skill is frequently impaired in people with motor speech disorders. The literature reports successful treatment of these deficits in this population, thus highlighting the therapeutic potential of this area. However, no specific guidance is currently available to clinicians about whether any of the stress markers are more effective than others, to what degree they have to be manipulated, and whether strategies need to differ according to the underlying symptoms.AimsIn order to provide detailed information on how stress production problems can be addressed, the study investigated (1) the minimum amount of change in a single stress marker necessary to achieve significant improvement in stress target identification; and (2) whether stress can be signalled more effectively with a combination of stress markers.Methods & ProceduresData were sourced from a sentence stress task performed by 10 speakers with ataxic dysarthria and 10 healthy matched control participants. Fifteen utterances perceived as having incorrect stress patterns (no stress, all words stressed or inappropriate word stressed) were selected and digitally manipulated in a stepwise fashion based on typical speaker performance. Manipulations were performed on F0, intensity and duration, either in isolation or in combination with each other. In addition, pitch contours were modified for some utterances. A total of 50 naïve listeners scored which word they perceived as being stressed.Outcomes & ResultsResults showed that increases in duration and intensity at levels smaller than produced by the control participants resulted in significant improvements in listener accuracy. The effectiveness of F0 increases depended on the underlying error pattern. Overall intensity showed the most stable effects. Modifications of the pitch contour also resulted in significant improvements, but not to the same degree as amplification. Integration of two or more stress markers did not result in better results than manipulation of individual stress markers, unless they were combined with pitch contour modifications.Conclusions & ImplicationsThe results highlight the potential for improvement of stress production in speakers with motor speech disorders. The fact that individual parameter manipulation is as effective as combining them will facilitate the therapeutic process considerably, as will the result that amplification at lower levels than seen in typical speakers is sufficient. The difference in results across utterance sets highlights the need to investigate the underlying error pattern in order to select the most effective compensatory strategy for clients.
On the Opportunity Cost of Crop Diversification
Authors: Ang Frederic , Mortimer Simon M. , Areal Francisco J. , Tiffin Richard 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDistance functions are increasingly being augmented, with environmental goods treated as conventional outputs. A common approach to evaluate the opportunity cost of providing an environmental good is the exploitation of the distance function's dual relationship to the value function. This implies that the opportunity cost is assumed to be non‐negative. This approach also requires a convex technology set. Focusing on crop diversification for a balanced sample of 44 cereal farms in the East of England for the years 2007–2013, this paper develops a novel opportunity cost measure that does not depend on these strong assumptions. We find that the opportunity cost of crop diversification is negative for most farms.
Evaluation of HOXC8 in crested Swiss chicken
Authors: Joller S. , Ammann P. , Flury C. , Drögemüller C. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryThe crest in chicken consists of elongated and upraised feathers, as seen in various breeds such as the Silkie chicken. Recently, the still unknown causative mutation for the crest phenotype was assigned to chromosome 33 and an ectopic expression of HOXC8 was shown. The aim this study was to evaluate whether the crest phenotype in a local Swiss chicken breed, the Appenzeller Spitzhaubenhuhn, is associated with HOXC8. Three previously reported crest‐associated flanking markers at the HOXC8 locus were genotyped in cohorts of this breed and two other local breeds without the crest phenotype. For the Appenzeller Spitzhaubenhuhn chicken showing the crest phenotype, no clear association of the reported markers could be revealed. Furthermore, the two exons of HOXC8 were sequenced in crested chicken of the Appenzeller Spitzhaubenhuhn and Silkie breeds and revealed no evidence of polymorphisms within the coding region of HOXC8. Therefore, the molecular genetic etiology for the crest phenotype in the investigated breeds remains unclear.
Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor use is associated with decreased risk of fracture in patients with type 2 diabetes: a population‐based cohort study
Authors: Hou Wen‐Hsuan , Chang Kai‐Cheng , Li Chung‐Yi , Ou Huang‐Tz 
Published: May 2018

AimsThe aim of this study was to investigate the putative link between dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor (DPP‐4i) use and the risk of fracture in patients with type 2 diabetes.MethodsThis propensity‐score‐matched population‐based cohort study was performed between 2009 and 2013 on patients with type 2 diabetes who were stable metformin users. A total of 3996 patients with type 2 diabetes used DPP‐4i as a second‐line antidiabetic drug. The same number of matched non‐DPP‐4i users were followed up until fracture occurrence, health insurance policy termination, or the end of 2013. The incidence rates of overall and cause‐specific fractures were estimated based on the Poisson assumption. A multiple Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate the covariate‐adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) to determine the association between DPP‐4i use and overall and cause‐specific fractures stratified by age and sex.ResultsOver a maximum follow‐up period of 5 years, 340 DPP‐4i users and 419 non‐DPP‐4i users were newly diagnosed with fractures, yielding incidence rates of 28.03 and 32.04 per 1000 people per year, respectively. The Cox proportional hazard model revealed that DPP‐4i use significantly reduced the risk of all‐cause fractures and upper extremity fractures, with adjusted HRs of 0.86 (95% CI: 0.74–0.99) and 0.75 (95% CI: 0.59–0.95), respectively. The aforementioned associations of DDP‐4i use with fracture were sustained across sex and age stratifications.ConclusionsThe results of this study supported the premise that DPP‐4i usage is associated with a reduced risk of all‐cause fractures and upper extremity fractures in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Patient involvement is essential in identifying drug‐related problems
Authors: Kari Heini , Kortejärvi Hanna , Airaksinen Marja , Laaksonen Raisa 
Published: May 2018

AimsThe aim of this study is to evaluate how critical patient involvement is in pharmacist‐led clinical medication reviews and in identifying the most significant clinical drug‐related problems (DRPs).MethodsPharmacist‐led clinical medication reviews were conducted with 161 consenting patients aged ≥75 years with at least seven prescribed medicines, living independently at home in Finland. A pharmacist, a nurse and a physician evaluated the clinical significance of the DRPs identified during the patient interview at an interprofessional case conference. It was evaluated whether the most significant clinical DRPs could also have been identified through reviewing the medication list only or the medication list and certain patient details.ResultsAltogether, the 111 most significant clinical DRPs were evaluated. Only 6% could have been identified through reviewing the medication list only, and 16% through reviewing the medication list and certain patient details. Hence, 84% of the most significant clinical DRPs could only have been identified with patient involvement. The most common DRPs were: poor therapy control (25%); nonoptimal drug (22%); intentional nonadherence (12%); and additional drug needed (11%). patient involvement was critical when identifying DRPs related to additional drug needed, unintentional nonadherence, use of over‐the‐counter medicines or dietary supplements, or contradictions in counselling.ConclusionPatient involvement is essential when identifying clinical DRPs. Indeed, poor therapy control, nonoptimal drug use, intentional or unintentional nonadherence might otherwise be missed.
Expression of ribosomal and actin network proteins and immunochemotherapy resistance in diffuse large B cell lymphoma patients
Authors: Bram Ednersson Susanne , Stenson Martin , Stern Mimmie , Enblad Gunilla , Fagman Henrik , Nilsson‐Ehle Herman , Hasselblom Sverker , Andersson Per‐Ola 
Published: May 2018

SummaryDiffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients with early relapse or refractory disease have a very poor outcome. Immunochemotherapy resistance will probably, also in the era of targeted drugs, remain the major cause of treatment failure. We used proteomic mass spectrometry to analyse the global protein expression of micro‐dissected formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tumour tissues from 97 DLBCL patients: 44 with primary refractory disease or relapse within 1 year from diagnosis (REF/REL), and 53 who were progression‐free more than 5 years after diagnosis (CURED). We identified 2127 proteins: 442 were found in all patients and 102 were differentially expressed. Sixty‐five proteins were overexpressed in REF/REL patients, of which 46 were ribosomal proteins (RPs) compared with 2 of the 37 overexpressed proteins in CURED patients (P = 7·6 × 10−10). Twenty of 37 overexpressed proteins in CURED patients were associated with actin regulation, compared with 1 of 65 in REF/REL patients (P = 1·4 × 10−9). Immunohistochemical staining showed higher expression of RPS5 and RPL17 in REF/REL patients while MARCKS‐like protein, belonging to the actin network, was more highly expressed in CURED patients. Even though functional studies aimed at individual proteins and protein interactions to evaluate potential clinical effect are needed, our findings suggest new mechanisms behind immunochemotherapy resistance in DLBCL.
MEK1/2 inhibition by binimetinib is effective as a single agent and potentiates the actions of Venetoclax and ABT‐737 under conditions that mimic the chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) tumour microenvironment
Authors: Crassini Kyle , Shen Yandong , Stevenson William S. , Christopherson Richard , Ward Chris , Mulligan Stephen P. , Best O. Giles 
Published: May 2018

SummaryThe survival and proliferation of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) cells is driven by multiple signalling pathways, including those mediated by the B cell, Toll‐like and chemokine receptors. Many of these pathways converge on the same signalling molecules, including those involved in the Raf‐1/MEK/Erk1/2‐MAPK pathway. We investigated the effects of the MEK1/2 (also termed MAP2K1/2) inhibitor, binimetinib, against CLL cells cultured under conditions that mimic aspects of the tumour microenvironment. Binimetinib blocked CLL cell survival induced by stroma‐conditioned media and phorbol myristylate (PMA). Binimetinib was also significantly more toxic towards CLL cells cultured in the presence of either anti‐IgM antibody or stroma‐derived factor‐1α (SDF‐1α) and reduced CLL cell cycle progression and proliferation. Furthermore, binimetinib significantly increased the sensitivity of CLL cells co‐cultured with CD40 ligand (CD40L)‐expressing fibroblasts to the BH3‐mimetics ABT‐737 and Venetoclax (ABT‐199) via a mechanism involving down‐regulation of Mcl‐1 (MCL1) activity and Bim (BCL2L11) and Bcl‐xL (BCL2L1) expression. Collectively, these data suggest that binimetinib may have both cytotoxic and cytostatic effects on CLL cells by blocking microenvironment‐derived signals known to drive survival and proliferation. The combination of binimetinib with a BH3 mimetic may be an effective treatment strategy for CLL, particularly against the proliferative fraction of the disease within the tumour microenvironment.
Central adenosine A1 receptors inhibit cough via suppression of excitatory glutamatergic and tachykininergic neurotransmission
Authors: El‐Hashim Ahmed Z , Mathews Seena , Al‐Shamlan Fajer 
Published: May 2018

Background and PurposeThe adenosine A1 receptor is reported to mediate several excitatory effects in the airways and has inhibitory effects in the CNS. In this study, we investigated the role of peripheral and central A1 receptors in regulating cough and airway obstruction.Experimental ApproachDrugs were administered to guinea pigs via inhalation or i.c.v. infusion. Following the administration of different drugs, cough was induced by exposing guinea pigs to aerosolized 0.4 M citric acid. An automated analyser recorded both cough and airway obstruction simultaneously using whole‐body plethysmography.Key ResultsThe A1 receptor agonist, cyclopentyladenosine (CPA, administered by inhalation), dose‐dependently inhibited cough and also inhibited airway obstruction. Similarly, CPA, administered i.c.v., inhibited both the citric acid‐induced cough and airway obstruction; this was prevented by pretreatment with the A1 receptor antagonist DPCPX (i.c.v.). Treatment with DPCPX alone dose‐dependently enhanced the citric acid‐induced cough and airway obstruction. This effect was reversed following treatment with either the glutamate GluN1 receptor antagonist D‐AP5 or the neurokinin NK1 receptor antagonist FK‐888.Conclusions and ImplicationsThese findings suggest that activation of either peripheral or central adenosine A1 receptors inhibits citric acid‐induced cough and airway obstruction. The data also suggest that tonic activation of central adenosine A1 receptors serves as a negative regulator of cough and airway obstruction, secondary to inhibition of excitatory glutamatergic and tachykininergic neurotransmission.
Early increase of neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio predicts 30‐day mortality in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Wang Fei , Xu Feng , Quan Ye , Wang Li , Xia Jian‐Jun , Jiang Ting‐Ting , Shen Li‐Juan , Kang Wen‐Hui , Ding Yong , Mei Li‐Xia , Ju Xue‐Feng , Hu Shan‐You , Wu Xiao 
Published: May 2018

SummaryAimsTo examine whether early rise of neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) after patient hospitalization correlates with 30‐day mortality in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).MethodsThis retrospective study included all patients receiving treatment for spontaneous ICH between January 2015 and September 2016 at the Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences in Shanghai, China. NLR was determined at admission (T1), at 24‐48 hours (T2) and 5‐7 days (T3). NLR and clinicopathologic features were compared between those who survived for >30 days vs not. Multivariate regression was used to identify risk factors for 30‐day mortality.ResultsA total of 275 subjects were included in the analysis: 235 survived for at least 30 days; the remaining 40 subjects died within 30 days. The patients who died within 30 days had higher ICH score, larger ICH volume, and lower GCS score (all P < 0.05). In comparison with the baseline (NLRT1), NLR at 24‐48 hours (NLRT2) and 5‐7 days (NLRT3) was significantly higher in patients who died within 30 days (P < 0.05), but not in patients surviving for >30 days. In the multivariate analysis, the 30‐day mortality was associated with both NLRT2 (OR 1.112, 95%CI 1.032‐1.199, P = 0.006) and NLRT3 (OR 1.163, 95%CI 1.067‐1.268, P = 0.001). Spearman correlation analysis showed that both NLRT2 and NLRT3 correlated inversely with GCS score and positively with ICH score and ICH volume at the baseline.ConclusionsEarly rise of NLR predicts 30‐day mortality in patients with spontaneous ICH.
Using consumer preferences to characterize the trade of wild‐collected ornamental orchids in China
Authors: Williams Sophie J. , Gale Stephan W. , Hinsley Amy , Gao Jiangyun , St. John Freya A. V. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOverexploitation of wildlife for trade threatens taxa globally. Interest in demand‐side approaches to address this problem has grown but understanding of how consumer preferences shape demand remains limited. To quantify the role of consumer preferences for wild orchids in China's horticultural market, we used conjoint analysis to determine which attributes are preferred by orchid owners and nonowners in two socioeconomically contrasting areas of South China. Across all respondents, price was the most important attribute followed by flower color. While Xishuangbanna participants exhibited a slight preference for wild over cultivated plants, origin (wild/cultivated) was of minimal importance. We also measured awareness of orchid import regulations. Most did not recognize the CITES logo, and knowledge of import laws was significantly lower in Hong Kong than in Xishuangbanna. Our findings suggest that trade in wild ornamental orchids in South China is supply‐driven, and strengthened regulations might be effective in reducing overexploitation.
Pancreas transplantation using compatible but non‐identical ABO blood group donors
Authors: Nagaraju Santosh , Mangus Richard S. , Powelson John A. , Fridell Jonathan A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundThere are limited data on the outcomes of pancreas transplants using ABO non‐identical but compatible (NIC) donors.MethodsA review of all pancreas transplants from a single institution from 01/2003 to 07/2016 (n = 606) revealed 41 recipients of a NIC donor pancreas which were matched for age, race, gender, year, and type of transplant with 41 ABO identical cases. Groups were compared for allograft survival, incidence of acute cellular rejection (ACR), length of hospital stay, 3‐month readmissions and transfusion requirements. Serum haptoglobin and lactate dehydrogenase were used to identify hemolysis in patients requiring repeated transfusions without overt blood loss.ResultsThe 1‐year graft survival was 100% and 88% in the study and control groups. In the study group, 6/41(14%) developed hemolysis, all of which were ABO O into A. All responded to donor blood type specific transfusions.DiscussionThere are limited data on outcomes of solid organ transplant using NIC donors with almost none specifically addressing pancreas transplantation. In this study, graft survival was similar but 14% developed hemolysis, which was transient and treated with transfusion of donor blood type specific blood.ConclusionNon‐identical but compatible pancreas transplants have similar graft survival compared to ABO identical. Hemolysis may occur so some caution is required.