bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Palaeoclimate significance of speleothems in crystalline rocks: a test case from the Late Glacial and early Holocene (Vinschgau, northern Italy)
Authors: Koltai Gabriella , Cheng Hai , Spötl Christoph 
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Partly coeval flowstones formed in fractured gneiss and schist were studied
to test the palaeoclimate significance of this new type of speleothem archive
on a decadal-to-millennial timescale. The samples encompass a few hundred to
a few thousand years of the Late Glacial and the early Holocene. The
speleothem fabric is primarily comprised of columnar fascicular optic calcite
and acicular aragonite, both indicative of elevated Mg ∕ Ca ratios in the
groundwater. Stable isotopes suggest that aragonite is more prone to
disequilibrium isotope fractionation driven by evaporation and prior
calcite/aragonite precipitation than calcite. Changes in mineralogy are
therefore attributed to these two internal fracture processes rather than to
palaeoclimate. Flowstones formed in the same fracture show similar
δ18O changes on centennial scales, which broadly correspond to
regional lacustrine δ18O records, suggesting that such
speleothems may provide an opportunity to investigate past climate conditions
in non-karstic areas. The shortness of overlapping periods in flowstone
growth and the complexity of in-aquifer processes, however, render the
establishment of a robust stacked δ18O record challenging.
Extreme wildfire events are linked to global-change-type droughts in the northern Mediterranean
Authors: Ruffault Julien , Curt Thomas , Martin-StPaul Nicolas K. , Moron Vincent , Trigo Ricardo M. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Increasing drought conditions under global warming are expected to alter the
frequency and distribution of large and high-intensity wildfires. However,
our understanding of the impact of increasing drought on extreme wildfires
events remains incomplete. Here, we analyzed the weather conditions
associated with the extreme wildfires events that occurred in Mediterranean
France during the exceptionally dry summers of 2003 and 2016. We identified
that these fires were related to two distinct shifts in the fire
weather space towards fire weather conditions that had not been explored before and
resulting from specific interactions between different types of drought and
different fire weather types. In 2016, a long-lasting “press drought”
intensified wind-driven fires. In 2003, a “hot drought” combining a
heat wave with a press drought intensified heat-induced fires. Our findings
highlight that increasing drought conditions projected by climate change
scenarios might affect the dryness of fuel compartments and lead to a higher
frequency of extremes wildfires events.
Sigara Bırakma Polikliniğine Başvuran Hastaların Nikotin Bağımlılığının Sosyo demografik Özellikler ve Depresyon İle İlişkisi
Authors: Velioğlu Usame , Sönmez Cemil Işık 
Published: March 2018

Amaç: Bu çalışmada sigara bırakma polikliniğe başvuran
hastaların sigara bağımlılıklarının sosyodemografik özellikler ve depresyon ile
ilişkisini araştırmayı amaçladık.Yöntemler: Bu retrospektif çalışmaya Sigara Bırakma
Polikliniğine Mart 2015 - Kasım 2016 tarihleri arasında başvuran 2119 kişi
dahil edildi. Fagerstrom Nikotin Bağımlılık Testi (FNBT) ve Beck Depresyon
Ölçeği uygulanmış olan hastaların sosyo demografik özellikleri incelendi.
Hastaların nikotin bağımlılığının sosyo demografik özellikler ve depresyon
arasındaki ilişki incelendi.Bulgular: Çalışmadaki hastaların 1468 (%69,3)'i erkek, 651
(%30,7)'i kadındı. Çalışmamızda cinsiyet, medeni durum, eğitim durumu, meslek
durumu, ailede sigara kullanma durumunun FNBT skoru üzerine anlamlı etkisi
olmadığı gözlendi. Yaş gruplarına göre nikotin bağımlılık düzeylerine
bakıldığında"&lt;20" yaş grubundaki nikotin bağımlılık düzeyi düşük
olan bireylerin oranı, "41-50" ve "51-60" yaş
gruplarındakilerden anlamlı düzeyde yüksekti(her biri için p&lt;0,005). Alkol
kullananların nikotin bağımlılığının daha yüksek olduğu anlamlı olarak görüldü
(p=0,011). Nikotin bağımlılığı arttıkça depresyon düzeylerinin arttığı anlamlı
olarak saptandı (p&lt;0,001).Sonuç: Nikotin bağımlılığının alkol ve depresyon ile
ilişkisinin olduğu saptanmıştır. Nikotin bağımlılığı ile mücadelede, hastalar
biyopsiko sosyal yaklaşımla değerlendirilmelidir. Sigara bıraktırma
uygulamalarında özellikle genç popülasyon hedef alınmalıdır.
Farmer perspectives on welfare outcome assessment: learnings from four farm assurance scheme consultation exercises
Authors: van Dijk L , Elwes S , Main DCJ , Mullan SM , Jamieson J 
Published: March 2018

AbstractRecently, several farm assurance schemes in the United Kingdom have been adopting innovative approaches, such as welfare outcome assessment, into their routine procedures. In this paper, we present the findings of four consultation exercises, undertaken as part of a review process that examined farmer perspectives on planned or implemented changes to their current certification visits as members of UK-based dairy and laying hen schemes. The changes included the introduction of welfare outcome assessment by assessors, joint-scoring of welfare-outcome measures by farmers and assessors and self-assessment of welfare outcome measures by farmers between assessor visits. This study also explores the challenges that arise when schemes are aiming to adopt a scheme-level continuous improvement approach to promote welfare improvement on participating farms. The key challenges fall under three themes: the purpose and value for the farmer of the assessment of welfare outcomes as part of a farm assurance assessment process; the potential conflict rather than concordance with the role of the farmer in caring for their animals; and finally the technicalities of the assessment process, such as sample sizes for assessment being calibrated for gauging welfare prevalence at a scheme rather than farm level and the role of the farm assurance assessors both to assess impartially compliance against the standards and to provide welfare advice to support improvement. This study highlights that the involvement of farmers at all stages in the development and in the evaluation of outcome assessment initiatives is likely to be beneficial for welfare improvement on-farm.
Sheep farmers’ attitudes to farm inspections and the role of sanctions and rewards as motivation to reduce the prevalence of lameness
Authors: Liu NLBH , Kaler J , Ferguson E , O’Kane H , Green LE 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe Welfare of Farmed Animals (England) Regulations (2007) make it an offence to allow unnecessary suffering to animals, highlighting that farmers have a duty of care for their livestock. Despite this, the current global mean prevalence of lameness in sheep in England is 5%; ie ~750,000 lame adult sheep at any time. To investigate farmers’ attitudes to sanctions and rewards as drivers to reduce the prevalence of lameness in sheep, farmers’ attitudes to external inspections, acceptable prevalence of lameness and attitudes on outcomes from inspections were investigated using a self-administered questionnaire. A total of 43/102 convenience-selected English sheep farmers responded to the questionnaire. Their median flock size was 500 ewes with a geometric mean prevalence of lameness of 2.8%. Few farmers selected correct descriptions of the legislation for treatment and transport of lame sheep. Participants considered 5-7.5% prevalence of lameness acceptable and were least tolerant of farmers who rarely treated lameness and most tolerant of farmers experiencing an incident out of their control, eg disease outbreak. Participants consider sanctions and rewards would help to control lameness on sheep farms in England. Sanctions (prosecution, reduction in payment from the single [basic] payment scheme or suspension from a farm assurance scheme) were considered ‘fair’ when lameness was ≥ 10% and rewards ‘fair’ when lameness was ≤ 2%. If these farmers’ attitudes are applied to 1,300 randomly selected flocks with a mean prevalence of lameness of 3.5%, 24.6% of flocks that had ≥ 10% lameness would be sanctioned and 32.5% of flocks that had ≤ 2% lameness would be rewarded.
Experimentally evaluating the function of self-directed behaviour in two adult mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx)
Authors: Leeds A , Lukas KE 
Published: March 2018

AbstractGiven the difficulties of conducting regular endocrine and veterinary assessments of animals, behavioural observations are often the most commonly used tool to assess the welfare of animals in human care. Behavioural measures, inexpensive and convenient to collect, also have their challenges, such as ensuring the behaviours of interest are reliable indicators of an animal's internal state. Welfare assessments include both positive and negative indicators, and a commonly used indicator of negative welfare is self-directed behaviour (SDB). SDB has been described as a behavioural indicator of stress through observation and experimentation; however, this pattern is not universal despite assumptions otherwise. The purpose of this study was to experimentally evaluate the use of SDB as an indicator of negative welfare in mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx) with the goal of understanding the function of SDB in relation to stress. Using a touchscreen-mediated cognitive task, the mandrills were observed to self-scratch significantly more often during incorrect than correct trials; however, rates of SDB did not vary between increasingly difficult testing conditions. The mandrills had individual variation in their use of body-shakes and yawns under negative and positive conditions that mirror similar variation observed in other primates. This study provides experimental evidence that self-scratching in mandrills can be used as a behavioural indicator of anxiety and that welfare assessments for animals in human care need to account not only for species’ differences, but also for individual differences.
Virtual and remote laboratories augment self learning and interactions: Development, deployment and assessments with direct and online feedback
Authors: Kumar Dhanush , Radhamani Rakhi , Nizar Nijin , Achuthan Krishnashree , Nair Bipin , Diwakar Shyam 
Published: March 2018

Background. Over the last few decades, in developing nations including India, there have been rapid developments in information and communication technologies with progress towards sustainable development goals facilitating universal access to education. With the aim of augmenting laboratory skill training, India’s Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD)’s National Mission on Education through Information and Communication Technology (NME-ICT), launched Virtual laboratories project, enabling professors and institutions to deliver interactive animations, mathematical simulators and remotely-controlled equipment for online experiments in biosciences and engineering courses. Towards that mission of improving teaching and learning quality and with a focus on improving access to users in geographically remote and economically constrained institutes in India, we developed and deployed over 30 web-based laboratories consisting of over 360 computer-based online experiments. This paper focuses on the design, development, deployment of virtual laboratories and assesses the role of online experiments in providing self-learning and novel pedagogical practices for user communities.
Methods. As part of deployment, we evaluated the role virtual laboratories in facilitating self-organized learning and usage perception as a teaching tool in a blended education system. Direct feedback data was collected through organized workshops from 386 university-level students, 192 final year higher secondary school (pre-university) students and 234 college professors from various places across India. We also included online feedback from 2012-2018 to interpret usage analysis and adaptability of virtual and remote labs by online users.
Results. More than 80% of students who used virtual laboratories scored higher in examinations compared to a control group. With 386 students, 80% suggested adapted to self-learning using virtual laboratories. 82% of university teachers who employ virtual laboratories indicated using them to complement teaching material and reduce teaching time. Increase in online usage and feedback suggests novel trends in incorporating online platforms as pedagogical tools.
Discussion. Feedback indicated virtual laboratories altered and enhanced student’s autonomous learning abilities and improved interaction in blended classrooms. Pedagogical analysis suggests the use of ICT-enabled virtual laboratories as a self-organized distance education learning platform for university and pre-university students from economically challenged or time-restrained environments. Online usage statistics indicated steady increase of new users on this online repository suggesting global acceptance of virtual laboratories as a complementing laboratory skill-training online repository.
Evaluation of the Analgesic Effect of Combination Therapy on Chronic Plantar Pain Through the Myofascial Trigger Points Approach
Authors: Melero-Suárez Rocío , Sánchez-Santos José Antonio , Domínguez-Maldonado Gabriel 
Published: March 2018

Background:Closely related pathologic disorders sometimes manifest with the same symptoms, making for a complex differential diagnosis. This is the situation in plantar fasciitis (PF) and myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) with myofascial trigger points (MTPs) in the sole of the foot. This research assessed the analgesic effect on plantar pain of combination therapy with interferential current stimulation therapy (ICST), treating MTPs in the great toe adductor muscle and the short flexor muscles of the toes in patients whose diagnosis was compatible with PF or MPS.Methods:This study included 22 feet of 17 patients with a diagnosis compatible with PF or MPS with MTP. Participants received combination therapy with ICST for 15 sessions, and the decrease in pain was measured with an algometer and the visual analog scale. Both measurements were taken before and after every fifth session. The pressure pain threshold (PPT) results obtained with the Student t test and the pain intensity perception (PIP) results obtained with the Wilcoxon signed rank test were analyzed by comparing the measurements taken before the treatment and after the fifth, tenth, and 15th sessions.Results:The decrease in PIP was significant after the fifth, tenth, and 15th sessions (P &lt; .001). The increase in PPT was also significant after the fifth (P = .010), tenth (P = .023), and 15th (P = .001) sessions (P &lt; .05).Conclusions:The suggested combination therapy of ultrasound with ICST is clinically significant for reducing plantar pain after 15 treatment sessions, with a 6.5-point reduction in mean PIP and a 4.6-point increase in PPT.
Characterization of the salivary microbiome in people with obesity
Authors: Wu Yujia , Chi Xiaopei , Zhang Qian , Chen Feng , Deng Xuliang 
Published: March 2018

Background
The interactions between the gut microbiome and obesity have been extensively studied. Although the oral cavity is the gateway to the gut, and is extensively colonized with microbes, little is known about the oral microbiome in people with obesity. In the present study, we investigated the salivary microbiome in obese and normal weight healthy participants using metagenomic analysis. The subjects were categorized into two groups, obesity and normal weight, based on their BMIs.

Methods
We characterized the salivary microbiome of 33 adults with obesity and 29 normal weight controls using high-throughput sequencing of the V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene (Illumina MiSeq). None of the selected participants had systemic, oral mucosal, or periodontal diseases.

Results
The salivary microbiome of the obesity group was distinct from that of the normal weight group. The salivary microbiome of periodontally healthy people with obesity had both significantly lower bacterial diversity and richness compared with the controls. The genus Prevotella, Granulicatella, Peptostreptococcus, Solobacterium, Catonella, and Mogibacterium were significantly more abundant in the obesity group; meanwhile the genus Haemophilus, Corynebacterium, Capnocytophaga, and Staphylococcus were less abundant in the obesity group. We also performed a functional analysis of the inferred metagenomes, and showed that the salivary community associated with obesity had a stronger signature of immune disease and a decreased functional signature related to environmental adaptation and Xenobiotics biodegradation compared with the normal weight controls.

Discussion
Our study demonstrates that the microbial diversity and structure of the salivary microbiome in people with obesity are significantly different from those of normal weight controls. These results suggested that changes in the structure and function of salivary microbiome in people with obesity might reflect their susceptibility to oral diseases.
A Physical Model for Three‐Phase Compaction in Silicic Magma Reservoirs
Authors: Huber Christian , Parmigiani Andrea 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe develop a model for phase separation in magma reservoirs containing a mixture of silicate melt, crystals, and fluids (exsolved volatiles). The interplay between the three phases controls the dynamics of phase separation and consequently the chemical and physical evolution of magma reservoirs. The model we propose is based on the two‐phase damage theory approach of Bercovici et al. (2001, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JB900430) and Bercovici and Ricard (2003, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246X.2003.01854.x) because it offers the leverage of considering interface (in the macroscopic limit) between phases that can deform depending on the mechanical work and phase changes taking place locally in the magma. Damage models also offer the advantage that pressure is defined uniquely to each phase and does not need to be equal among phases, which will enable us to consider, in future studies, the large capillary pressure at which fluids are mobilized in mature, crystal‐rich, magma bodies. In this first analysis of three‐phase compaction, we solve the three‐phase compaction equations numerically for a simple 1‐D problem where we focus on the effect of fluids on the efficiency of melt‐crystal separation considering the competition between viscous and buoyancy stresses only. We contrast three sets of simulations to explore the behavior of three‐phase compaction, a melt‐crystal reference compaction scenario (two‐phase compaction), a three‐phase scenario without phase changes, and finally a three‐phase scenario with a parameterized second boiling (crystallization‐induced exsolution). The simulations show a dramatic difference between two‐phase (melt crystals) and three‐phase (melt‐crystals‐exsolved volatiles) compaction‐driven phase separation. We find that the presence of a lighter, significantly less viscous fluid hinders melt‐crystal separation.
Alkylation, Alkenylation, and Arylation of Alkynes and Allenes
Authors: Larock Richard C. , Zhang Li 
Published: March 2018

AbstractOrganolithium, ‐Sodium, and ‐Magnesium CompoundsOrganoboron CompoundsOrganoaluminum CompoundsOrganogallium CompoundsOrganoindium CompoundsOrganothallium CompoundsOrganosilicon CompoundsOrganotin CompoundsOrganotellurium CompoundsOrganoyttrium CompoundsOrganotitanium CompoundsOrganozirconium CompoundsOrganochromium CompoundsOrganomanganese CompoundsOrganorhenium CompoundsOrganoiron CompoundsOrganoruthenium CompoundsOrganocobalt CompoundsOrganorhodium CompoundsOrganoiridium CompoundsOrganonickel CompoundsOrganopalladium CompoundsOrganocopper CompoundsOrganosilver CompoundsOrganogold CompoundsOrganozinc CompoundsOrganomercury CompoundsOrganosamarium CompoundsOrganolutetium CompoundsMiscellaneous Reactions
Stroke‐prevention strategies in North American patients with atrial fibrillation: The GLORIA‐AF registry program
Authors: McIntyre William F. , Conen David , Olshansky Brian , Halperin Jonathan L. , Hayek Emil , Huisman Menno V. , Lip Gregory Y.H. , Lu Shihai , Healey Jeff S. 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundAntithrombotic prophylaxis with oral anticoagulation (OAC) substantially reduces stroke and mortality in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).HypothesisAnalysis of data in the Global Registry on Long‐Term Antithrombotic Treatments in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation (GLORIA‐AF), an international, observational registry of patients with newly diagnosed AF, can identify factors associated with treatment decisions and outcomes.MethodsMultivariable regression identified patient, physician, and temporal factors associated with OAC prescription, compared with management with antiplatelet drugs or no antithrombotic drugs in North American patients enrolled between November 2011 and February 2014.ResultsOf 3320 eligible patients (mean age, 71 ± 11 years; 1879 males with CHA2DS2‐VASc ≥1 and 1441 females with CHA2DS2‐VASc ≥2), 79.3%, 12.5%, and 7.4% received OAC, antiplatelet drugs, or no antithrombotic therapy, respectively. Of those prescribed OAC, 66.4% received non–vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulation and 24.5% received concomitant therapy with antiplatelet drugs. Independent predictors of OAC therapy were nonparoxysmal AF (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval: 2.02, 1.56–2.63), prior stroke/transient ischemic attack (2.00, 1.37–2.92), specialist care (1.50, 1.04–2.17), more concomitant medications (1.47, 1.13–1.92), commercial insurance (1.41, 1.07–1.85), and heart failure (1.44, 1.07–1.92). Antiplatelet drugs (0.18, 0.14–0.23), prior falls (0.41, 0.27–0.63), and prior bleeding (0.50, 0.35–0.72) were inversely associated with OAC prescription.ConclusionsIn GLORIA‐AF, 20% of the population comprising males with CHA2DS2‐VASc ≥1 and females with CHA2DS2‐VASc ≥2 did not receive OAC therapy. Patient characteristics associated with a lower likelihood of OAC prescription were use of antiplatelet drugs, paroxysmal pattern of AF, history of falls, and prior bleeding.
Critically dysregulated signaling pathways and clinical utility of the pathway biomarkers in lymphoid malignancies
Authors: Sun Rui‐Fang , Yu Qian‐Qian , Young Ken H. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAccumulating evidence confirmed that many dysregulated signaling pathways and aberrant genetic alterations contribute to the oncogenesis and heterogeneity of lymphoid malignancies. Therapeutically targeting dysregulating signaling pathways and their hidden oncogenic biomarkers are becoming available, but did not show desired therapeutic effect in current clinical practice. It is meaningful to further understand the underlying mechanisms of the dysregulated signaling pathways and to address the potential utility of pathway‐related biomarkers. To precisely identify the dysregulation of signaling pathways and the “driver” oncogenic biomarkers, as well as to develop reliable and reproducible risk‐stratification based on biomarkers will be challenging. Nevertheless, pathway‐based targeted therapy will raise the hope to improve the outcomes of the patients with lymphoid malignancies, especially with aggressive types, and the efficient utility of pathway‐related biomarkers in diagnosis, prognosis, prediction of lymphoid malignancies may also be able to power precision medicine.