bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corticospinal and intracortical excitability differ between athletes early after ACLR and matched controls
Authors: Zarzycki Ryan , Morton Susanne M. , Charalambous Charalambos C. , Marmon Adam , Snyder‐Mackler Lynn 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTNeuromuscular impairments, such as quadriceps weakness and activation deficits, persist after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Recent research demonstrating changes in the function of the primary motor cortex after ACLR posits that quadriceps impairments may be influenced by reduced corticospinal excitability. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the integrity of the neuromotor axis of the vastus medialis is altered in subjects 2 weeks post‐ACLR compared to uninjured control subjects. Eighteen athletes 2 weeks post‐ACLR and 18 age and sex matched uninjured control subjects participated in this cross‐sectional study. We quantified corticospinal (resting motor threshold, RMT; motor evoked potential amplitudes at 120% RMT, MEP120) and intracortical (inhibition and facilitation) excitability using single and paired pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), respectively. We assessed spinal‐reflex excitability (H‐reflex amplitude normalized to maximal M‐wave, H/M ratio) using peripheral stimulation. Subjects post‐ACLR had higher RMTs (p = 0.001), greater MEP120 amplitudes (p = 0.001), and more asymmetric facilitation (p = 0.041) than the uninjured control subjects. No significant group differences were found for intracortical inhibition (p = 0.289) and H/M ratio (p = 0.332). Our findings indicate that both intracortical and corticospinal excitability of vastus medialis are bilaterally altered in subjects 2 weeks after ACLR. Given persistent neuromuscular deficits seen after ACLR, rehabilitation strategies targeting intracortical and corticospinal deficits may potentially improve clinical outcomes. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:2941–2948, 2018.
Comparison of Syringe Compression Force Between ENFit and Legacy Feeding Tubes
Authors: Mundi Manpreet S. , Duellman Wanda , Epp Lisa , Davidson Jacob , Hurt Ryan T. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackground: Since initial report in 1972, misconnections continue to be an issue, especially in hospitalized patients with multiple access devices. A new small‐bore connector standard (ENFit) has been proposed in order to minimize misconnections. Methods: Commercially available finalized ENFit tubes of a variety of sizes (14 French [Fr] size, 18Fr, 20Fr, 24Fr, and low‐profile) were obtained for current testing. Variety of commercially available formulas including blenderized tube feeding (BTF) products (Jevity 1 Cal, Abbott Nutrition, Abbott Park, IL; Nourish, Functional Formularies, Centerville, OH; Real Food Blends, Chesterton, IN) were tested. Results: Data from individual measurements were aggregated for ENFit and legacy tubes and revealed higher syringe compression force in legacy tubes compared with ENFit tubes for 20Fr size with Jevity formula. Our institution's BTF formula revealed that legacy tubes had lower syringe compression force than ENFit tubes for 14Fr tube size. Remaining measurements revealed no significant difference. Model 1 of regression analysis revealed that only formula and tube size were significant with R2 of 0.63. Model 2 evaluating the impact of tube size, blender, time of blending, and legacy vs ENFit revealed that tube size, blender used, and blending time were significant with legacy vs ENFit being nonsignificant (R2 of 0.72). Conclusions: Overall, only a small number of tube sizes (14Fr and 20Fr) with selected formulas revealed a significant difference between ENFit and Legacy tubes, with remaining studies finding no significant difference. Regression analysis revealed that variables such as formula, size of tube, blender used, and time of blending may have more impact on compression force.
Fatigue safety design of automotive suspension links by using computer aided engineering static analysis
Authors: Kim K.J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractVehicle weight and alternative materials development like aluminum alloys and magnesium alloys are hot issues around the world in the automobile industry. Therefore, in the present study, the structure analysis of the rear suspension 5‐links made by aluminum alloys (A356) with a tensile strength of 245 MPa, was performed using computer aided engineering to investigate the lightweight design process from the reference of the rear suspension 5‐links which was made by the steel materials and was already proven in the commercial market. Especially the simulated maximum von Mises stresses after strength analysis were normalized as the fatigue limit and were converted to the weight ratios of the same type as the fatigue safety factor suggested and referred to as such in this study. From these, it was suggested that the fatigue properties could be simply predicted only from this static computer aided engineering simulation. The weight reduction could be achieved when comparing steel and aluminum alloy models. It was a useful method to satisfy the fatigue safe design by using simple static analysis and weight factors.
Effect of thin SiO2 layers deposited by means of atomic layer deposition method on the mechanical and physical properties of stainless steel
Authors: Basiaga M. , Walke W. , Antonowicz M. , Sambok‐Kiełbowicz A. , Nakonieczny D. , Gawlikowski M. , Zawidlak‐Węgrzyńska B. , Krawczyk C. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the suitability of the atomic layer deposition method in terms of using it for 316 LVM (low carbon vacuum melt) steel surface modification that is used for blood‐contacting implants in determined technological conditions. As part of a suitability assessment of thin layer deposition technology, the performance of mechanical and physical properties testing was proposed. The investigation influences the evaluation of the analysed material in the cardiovascular system's behavior used for blood. 316 LVM stainless steel was the initial material to be tested. The 316 LVM steel was subjected to the following surface modifications: electrolytic polishing, chemical passivation and deposition of a silicon dioxide (SiO2) layer using the atomic layer deposition method. The layer was applied at a variable thickness depending on the atomic layer deposition process, at constant temperature. In terms of mechanical properties, the analyzing adhesion of applied layers to the metallic base and its hardness were examined. What is more, during the evaluation of physical properties, testing of surface wettability was performed, which has a fundamental significance in case of implants used in the cardiovascular system. The obtained results have direct impact on optimization process of SiO2 layers deposition with atomic layer deposition method on blood‐contacting implants, which surface was made of steel 316 LVM, there by resulting in their have a direct impact functional properties improvement.
Determination of activation energy of relaxation events in thermoplastic polyurethane by dynamic mechanical analysis
Authors: Kopal I. , Harničárová M. , Valíček J. , Koštial P. , Jančíková Z.K. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn the present study, the activation energy associated with the primary and the secondary relaxation transition events in thermoplastic polyurethane has been determined using the multi‐frequency dynamic mechanical analysis tests. The thermoplastic polyurethane under investigation was tested at temperatures between 145 K ‐ 526 K, at frequencies of 0.5 Hz, 1 Hz, 2 Hz, 5 Hz and 10 Hz and at a constant heating rate of 3 K⋅min–1. It was observed that the studied materials show three relaxation events – glass transition of soft segments, glass transition of hard segments as well as secondary transition associated with short range order translation and with reorientational motions within the polyurethane crystals. The activation energies for all three observed relaxation events were determined from dynamic mechanical properties measured at various frequencies using a linearized Arrhenius equation. The calculated activation energy is 379.73 kJ⋅mol‐1 for the glass transition of hard segments; for the secondary relaxation transition it is 65.53 kJ⋅mol‐1 and for the glass transition of soft segments it is 45.98 kJ⋅mol‐1.
Fat‐Free Mass and Skeletal Muscle Mass Five Years After Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Davidson Lance E. , Yu Wen , Goodpaster Bret H. , DeLany James P. , Widen Elizabeth , Lemos Thaisa , Strain Gladys W. , Pomp Alfons , Courcoulas Anita P. , Lin Susan , Janumala Isaiah , Thornton John C. , Gallagher Dympna 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveThis study investigated changes in fat‐free mass (FFM) and skeletal muscle 5 years after surgery in participants from the Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery‐2 trial.MethodsA three‐compartment model assessed FFM, and whole‐body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) quantified skeletal muscle mass prior to surgery (T0) and 1 year (T1), 2 years (T2), and 5 years (T5) postoperatively in 93 patients (85% female; 68% Caucasian; age 44.2 ± 11.6 years) who underwent gastric bypass (RYGB), sleeve gastrectomy, or adjustable gastric band. Repeated‐measures mixed models were used to analyze the data.ResultsSignificant weight loss occurred across all surgical groups in females from T0 to T1. FFM loss from T0 to T1 was greater after RYGB (mean ± SE: −6.9 ± 0.6 kg) than adjustable gastric band (−3.5 ± 1.4 kg; P < 0.05). Females with RYGB continued to lose FFM (−3.3 ± 0.7 kg; P < 0.001) from T1 to T5. A subset of males and females with RYGB and MRI‐measured skeletal muscle showed similar initial FFM loss while maintaining FFM and skeletal muscle from T1 to T5.ConclusionsBetween 1 and 5 years following common bariatric procedures, FFM and skeletal muscle are maintained or decrease minimally. The changes observed in FFM and muscle during the follow‐up phase may be consistent with aging.
Synthesis of Novel Aza‐aromatic Curcuminoids with Improved Biological Activities towards Various Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Theppawong Atiruj , Van de Walle Tim , Grootaert Charlotte , Bultinck Margot , Desmet Tom , Van Camp John , D'hooghe Matthias 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCurcumin, a natural compound extracted from the rhizomes of Curcuma longa, displays pronounced anticancer properties but lacks good bioavailability and stability. In a previous study, we initiated structure modification of the curcumin scaffold by imination of the labile β‐diketone moiety to produce novel β‐enaminone derivatives. These compounds showed promising properties for elaborate follow‐up studies. In this work, we focused on another class of nitrogen‐containing curcuminoids with a similar objective: to address the bioavailability and stability issues and to improve the biological activity of curcumin. This paper thus reports on the synthesis of new pyridine‐, indole‐, and pyrrole‐based curcumin analogues (aza‐aromatic curcuminoids) and discusses their water solubility, antioxidant activity, and antiproliferative properties. In addition, multivariate statistics, including hierarchical clustering analysis and principal component analysis, were performed on a broad set of nitrogen‐containing curcuminoids. Compared to their respective mother structures, that is, curcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin, all compounds, and especially the pyridin‐3‐yl β‐enaminone analogues, showed better water solubility profiles. Interestingly, the pyridine‐, indole‐, and pyrrole‐based curcumin derivatives demonstrated improved biological effects in terms of mitochondrial activity impairment and protein content, in addition to comparable or decreased antioxidant properties. Overall, the biologically active N‐alkyl β‐enaminone aza‐aromatic curcuminoids were shown to offer a desirable balance between good solubility and significant bioactivity.
Coupled Optical and Electrochemical Probing of Silver Nanoparticle Destruction in a Reaction Layer
Authors: Little Christopher A. , Batchelor‐McAuley Christopher , Ngamchuea Kamonwad , Lin Chuhong , Young Neil P. , Compton Richard G. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe oxidation of silver nanoparticles is induced to occur near to, but not at, an electrode surface. This reaction at a distance from the electrode is studied through the use of dark‐field microscopy, allowing individual nanoparticles and their reaction with the electrode product to be visualized. The oxidation product diffuses away from the electrode and oxidizes the nanoparticles in a reaction layer, resulting in their destruction. The kinetics of the silver nanoparticle solution‐phase reaction is shown to control the length scale over which the nanoparticles react. In general, the new methodology offers a route by which nanoparticle reactivity can be studied close to an electrode surface.
Cascade Reaction by Chemo‐ and Biocatalytic Approaches to Obtain Chiral Hydroxy Ketones and anti 1,3‐Diols
Authors: Gandolfi Raffaella , Facchetti Giorgio , Christodoulou Michael S. , Fusè Marco , Meneghetti Fiorella , Rimoldi Isabella 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA chemo‐ and biocatalytic cascade approach was applied for the stereoselective synthesis of hydroxy ketones and the corresponding 1,3‐diols. A new class of tridentate N,N,O ligands was used with copper(II) complexes for the asymmetric β‐borylation of α,β‐unsaturated compounds. The complex containing ligand L5 emerged as the best performer, and it gave the organoborane derivatives with good ee values. The corresponding keto–alcohol compounds were then bioreduced by yeasts. The biotransformation set up with Rhodotorula rubra allowed (R)‐keto–alcohols and (S,S)‐diols to be obtained with up to 99 % ee and up to 99 % de in favor of the anti enantiomers.
Aerosil‐Supported Ionic‐Liquid‐Phase (ASILP) Mediated Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Benzimidazole Derivatives as AChE Inhibitors
Authors: Sonawane Babasaheb D. , Rashinkar Gajanan S. , Sonawane Kailas D. , Dhanavade Maruti J. , Sonawane Vikas D. , Patil Suresh V. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAerosil supported ionic liquid phase (ASILP) has been prepared by confinement of ionic liquid [Bmim]PF6 on the aerosil support by adsorption interactions. This novel ASILP served as robust heterogeneous catalyst in the synthesis of biologically relevant 2‐substituted benzimidazoles from o‐phenylenediamines and aryl aldehydes in high yields under mild reaction conditions. The molecular docking studies revealed potential of 2‐substituted benzimidazoles to act as acetyl cholinesterase inhibitors (AChE).
Ru(Cl)‐Salen Complex: Solvent Selective Homogeneous Catalyst for One‐Pot Synthesis of Nitriles and Amides
Authors: Borase Pravin N. , Thale Pranila B. , Shankarling Ganapati. S. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAn efficient protocol for direct transformation of aldehydes into of nitrile and amide derivatives using Ru(Cl)‐salen complex as a solvent selective homogeneous catalyst is developed. The catalyst has also been explored for hydration of nitrile to synthesize the primary amides in an aqueous medium. Additionally, a mechanistic pathway for the dehydration of aldoxime to nitrile and hydration of nitrile to amide was studied using gas chromatography. The catalyst has been fully characterized by using spectroscopic techniques such as IR spectroscopy, MALDI‐TOF mass analysis and 1H NMR technique. A simple work up procedure, lower catalyst to substrate ratio, and good to excellent yields of the products, higher turnover number and turnover frequency makes the protocol more advantageous and feasible.
Structural Investigations of (Ni,Cu) Co–Doped ZnO Nanocrystals by X‐ray Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Tiwari Nidhi , Kumar Shiv , Kamal Chinnathambi , Chakrabarti Aparna , Prajapat Champa Lal , Mishra P. K. , Mondal Pushpen , Jha Sambhu Nath , Bhattacharyya Dibyendu 
Published: May 2018

Abstract(Ni,Cu) co‐doped ZnO nanocrystals have been prepared through wet chemical route using nitrate based precursors and have been characterized thoroughly. Phase purity of the samples has been investigated by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) measurements. To have further micro structural insight, the samples have subsequently been subjected to synchrotron radiation based X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements comprising of both X‐ray near edge structure (XANES) and Extended X‐ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) techniques. The results of the above measurements have been used to explain the magnetic properties of the samples which have further been corroborated by density functional theory (DFT) based electronic structure calculations.
Synthesis of 2‐Acyl‐Substituted Pyrazine Derivatives through Silver‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Coupling Reactions
Authors: Li Yuan , Lai Miao , Wu Zhiyong , Zhao Mingqin , Zhang Mingyue 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAn efficient regioselective acylation reaction of pyrazine with α‐oxocarboxylic acid via silver catalysis has been developed. The desired acyl substituted pyrazine derivatives were isolated in up to 97% yields and features a very broad substrate scope. Thermogravimetric analysis of particular product 3 o indicated that its fracture temperature was about 248 °C.
Terpyridine Functionalized Oligothiophene: Cadmium(II) Ion Sensing via Visualization and Fluorescence
Authors: Liu Taihong , Liu Ke , Zhang Jinling , Wang Zhaolong 
Published: May 2018

Abstract2,2′:6′,2′′‐Terpyridine functionalized terthiophene (3T‐Terpy) has been explored and its sensing behaviors toward various metal ions have been investigated. It was found that presence of Cd2+ causes a remarkable variation in the absorption and more than 65 nm red shift of the maximum fluorescence emission of the compound, corresponding to a visual green to yellow color change under UV light. Other commonly found transition metal ions exhibit different interference even though some of them, Cu2+, Co2+ and Ni2+ as examples, may quench the emission of the fluorophore. Similar to that of Cd2+, presence of Zn2+ or Hg2+ also alters the color of the methanol solution of 3T‐Terpy, but the colors of them are different. The detection limit for Cd2+ based on the mechanism of intramolecular charge transfer was found to be around 1.74 × 10−7 M. Addition of other main group metal ions (e. g., Na+, K+, Mg2+ and Ba2+) shows little effect to the fluorescence emission. Job's plot reveals formation of a 2:1 complex between 3T‐Terpy and Cd2+ with a binding constant of 2.25 × 105 M−1 and the dynamic metal‐ligand coordination can be recovered by adding EDTA. Furthermore, the change in fluorescence of 3T‐Terpy loaded test strips upon contact with Cd2+ can be clearly observed by the naked eyes with the aid of a portable UV lamp. Therefore, excellence in sensing and simplicity in structure make 3T‐Terpy a superior fluorescent chemosensor of the relevant transition metal ions, in particular Cd2+.
Palladium (II) Acetate/Base‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Coupling of Imidazo[1, 2‐a]pyridine Esters with Aryl Halides
Authors: Babar Dattatraya A. , Kalari Saradhi , Karale Uttam B. , Makane Vitthal B. , Rode Haridas B. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe combination of Cs2CO3 and Pd(OAc)2 enables the coupling of imidazo[1, 2‐a]pyridine esters and aryl halides, allowing an easy access to generate 3‐aryl imidazo[1, 2‐a]pyridine. The reaction pathway involves a Cs2CO3‐mediated ester hydrolysis followed by a palladium (II) acetate‐catalyzed decarboxylative arylation. The method is comparable with direct arylation of imidazo[1, 2‐a]pyridine and aryl halides. The synthetic utility of this relay reaction resulted in the generation of novel GABAA ligand and potent kinase inhibitor in high overall yields.
Etherification of Hydroxymethylfurfural with Preyssler Heteropolyacids Immobilized on Magnetic Composites
Authors: Cuervo Oscar H. Pardo , Rojas Hugo A. , Santos Lucas A. , Ramalho Teodorico C. , Romanelli Gustavo P. , Martínez José J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA thermodynamic study about the stability of intermediates in the reaction of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) over Preyssler heteropolyacids (HPA‐Preyssler) was performed to explain the self‐etherification or oxidation of HMF. Although the product of etherification forms in higher proportion when a heteropolyacid is used, other oxidation products are also observed. The availability of HPA‐Preyssler protons is essential to conduct the self‐etherification; however, this is not favored when the heteropolyacid is immobilized on metallic oxides and besides, the reusability of the supported heteropolyacid is low. In this study, magnetic composites were used to incorporate the HPA‐Preyssler to prevent the formation of by‐products and to facilitate the separation from the reaction medium. The results of catalytic tests and acidity analysis demonstrated a better proton availability, and the recovery of glutaraldehyde of the heteropolyacid decreases the leaching of immobilized HPA‐Preyssler when the composite is reused. The reaction was optimized obtaining a maximum yield to OBMF near 70% in 5 h.
CoNi2S4 Nanoparticle/Carbon Nanotube Sponge Cathode with Ultrahigh Capacitance for Highly Compressible Asymmetric Supercapacitor
Authors: Cao Xin , He Jin , Li Huan , Kang Liping , He Xuexia , Sun Jie , Jiang Ruibing , Xu Hua , Lei Zhibin , Liu Zong‐Huai 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCompared with other flexible energy‐storage devices, the design and construction of the compressible energy‐storage devices face more difficulty because they must accommodate large strain and shape deformations. In the present work, CoNi2S4 nanoparticles/3D porous carbon nanotube (CNT) sponge cathode with highly compressible property and excellent capacitance is prepared by electrodepositing CoNi2S4 on CNT sponge, in which CoNi2S4 nanoparticles with size among 10–15 nm are uniformly anchored on CNT, causing the cathode to show a high compression property and gives high specific capacitance of 1530 F g−1. Meanwhile, Fe2O3/CNT sponge anode with specific capacitance of 460 F g−1 in a prolonged voltage window is also prepared by electrodepositing Fe2O3 nanosheets on CNT sponge. An asymmetric supercapacitor (CoNi2S4/CNT//Fe2O3/CNT) is assembled by using CoNi2S4/CNT sponge as positive electrode and Fe2O3/CNT sponge as negative electrode in 2 m KOH solution. It exhibits excellent energy density of up to 50 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 847 W kg−1 and excellent cycling stability at high compression. Even at a strain of 85%, about 75% of the initial capacitance is retained after 10 000 consecutive cycles. The CoNi2S4/CNT//Fe2O3/CNT device is a promising candidate for flexible energy devices due to its excellent compressibility and high energy density.
Mangrove conservation for climate change mitigation in Indonesia
Authors: Sidik Frida , Supriyanto Bambang , Krisnawati Haruni , Muttaqin Muhammad Z. 
Published: May 2018

In terms of climate change mitigation, mangroves serve as carbon sinks and the loss of mangrove forests can result in significant release of stored carbon. As the country in the world with the largest cover of mangrove forest, Indonesia has global significance in climate change mitigation. About 22% of mangrove forests in Indonesia are preserved in conservation areas and provide 0.82–1.09 PgC hectare−1 of carbon storage. Greater potential for climate change mitigation can be achieved by increasing mangrove conservation areas that keep mangrove forests from their conversion to other land uses. Our finding confirms the importance of mangrove conservation in storing and sequestering carbon. Furthermore, as mangrove forests are associated with a diversity of ecosystem services with multiple beneficiaries, the carbon benefits will enhance the value of mangrove forest in terms of ecological, social, and economic benefits. However, prioritizing carbon benefits through the implementation of mangrove conservation as part of climate change mitigation may be conflicting with socioeconomic issues. Thus, legal frameworks and the participation of stakeholders, especially local communities, are needed to ensure that there is a net reduction in mangrove loss.This article is categorized under:

Climate, Ecology, and Conservation > Conservation Strategies