bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RELICS: Strong Lensing Analysis of MACS J0417.5–1154 and Predictions for Observing the Magnified High-redshift Universe with JWST
Authors: Mahler Guillaume , Sharon Keren , Fox Carter , Coe Dan , Jauzac Mathilde , Strait Victoria , Edge Alastair , Acebron Ana , Andrade-Santos Felipe , Avila Roberto J. , Bradač Maruša , Bradley Larry D. , Carrasco Daniela , Cerny Catherine , Cibirka Nathália , Czakon Nicole G. , Dawson William A. , Frye Brenda L. , Hoag Austin T. , Huang Kuang-Han , Johnson Traci L. , Jones Christine , Kikuchihara Shotaro , Lam Daniel , Livermore Rachael , Lovisari Lorenzo , Mainali Ramesh , Ogaz Sara , Ouchi Masami , Paterno-Mahler Rachel , Roederer Ian U. , Ryan Russell E. , Salmon Brett , Sendra-Server Irene , Stark Daniel P. , Toft Sune , Trenti Michele , Umetsu Keiichi , Vulcani Benedetta , Zitrin Adi 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Strong gravitational lensing by clusters of galaxies probes the mass distribution at the core of each cluster and magnifies the universe behind it. MACS J0417.5−1154 at z = 0.443 is one of the most massive clusters known based on weak lensing, X-ray, and Sunyaev–Zel’dovich analyses. Here we compute a strong lens model of MACS J0417 based on Hubble Space Telescope imaging observations collected, in part, by the Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey (RELICS), and recently reported spectroscopic redshifts from the MUSE instrument on the Very Large Telescope (VLT). We measure an Einstein radius of

at z = 9 and a mass projected within 200 kpc of

M

. Using this model, we measure a ratio between the mass attributed to cluster-member galaxy halos and the main cluster halo of order 1:100. We assess the probability to detect magnified high-redshift galaxies in the field of this cluster, both for comparison with RELICS HST results and as a prediction for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Guaranteed Time Observations upcoming for this cluster. Our lensing analysis indicates that this cluster has similar lensing strength to other clusters in the RELICS program. Our lensing analysis predicts a detection of at least a few z ∼ 6–8 galaxies behind this cluster, at odds with a recent analysis that yielded no such candidates in this field. Reliable strong lensing models are crucial for accurately predicting the intrinsic properties of lensed galaxies. As part of the RELICS program, our strong lensing model produced with the Lenstool parametric method is publicly available through the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes.
On Fabry–Pérot Etalon-based Instruments. I. The Isotropic Case
Authors: Bailén F. J. , Orozco Suárez D. , del Toro Iniesta J. C. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Here we assess the spectral and imaging properties of Fabry–Pérot etalons when located in solar magnetographs. We discuss the chosen configuration (collimated or telecentric) for both ideal and real cases. For the real cases, we focus on the effects caused by the polychromatic illumination of the filter by the irregularities in the optical thickness of the etalon and by deviations from the ideal illumination in both setups. We first review the general properties of Fabry–Pérots and we then address the different sources of degradation of the spectral transmission profile. We review and extend the general treatment of defects followed by different authors. We discuss the differences between the point spread functions (PSFs) of the collimated and telecentric configurations for both monochromatic and (real) quasi-monochromatic illumination of the etalon. The PSF corresponding to collimated mounts is shown to have a better performance, although it varies from point to point due to an apodization of the image inherent to this configuration. This is in contrast to the (perfect) telecentric case, where the PSF remains constant but produces artificial velocities and magnetic field signals because of its strong spectral dependence. We find that the unavoidable presence of imperfections in the telecentrism produces a decrease of flux of photons and a shift, a broadening and a loss of symmetrization of both the spectral and PSF profiles over the field of view, thus compromising their advantages over the collimated configuration. We evaluate these effects for different apertures of the incident beam.
Extended adipofascial wrap around radial forearm flap for hard palate reconstruction
Authors: C. Ashok B. , Nagaraj Pradeep Kumar , Vasudevan Srikanth , Rao Anantheshwar Y. N. , Nagireddy Sudarshan Reddy , Batth Ritu Singh 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
Background: While using radial forearm free flap in palate reconstruction, the pedicle lies in the nasal floor, constantly exposed to the nasal secretions and turbulent air current. To overcome this problem, we have designed a procedure which utilises the adipofascial extension to wrap the pedicle and nasal side of the flap. Materials and Methods: The study was done during 2017 and 2018, 2 years’ period. Totally 13 consecutive patients with defect in the palate status post-oncological resection and those in whom local flaps were not enough to cover the defect were included into the study. These patients were divided into two groups. First group in whom adipofascial extension was not used to cover the pedicle and second group in whom adipofascial extension was used to cover the pedicle. The incidence of nasal crusting, secondary haemorrage, blow out and flap necrosis were analysed and compared. Results: In Group 1, we had 2 among 6 (33%) patients with secondary haemorrage. One patient had partial flap loss. On exploring, we noticed thrombosis of cephalic vein. We did not had any incidence of blow out of the pedicle. In Group 2, none of the patients had any secondary haemorrage. All flaps healed well. On doing nasal endoscopy at 6 months of follow-up, all flaps showed complete mucosalisation at the nasal side. Conclusion: Use of adipofascial extension while planning a radial forearm free flap to cover the nasal side of the flap and pedicle in the nasal floor helps to reduce the nasal crusting and secondary haemorrhage.
Orlicz Addition for Measures and an Optimization Problem for the -divergence
Authors: Hou Shaoxiong , Ye Deping 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis paper provides a functional analogue of the recently initiated dual Orlicz–Brunn–Minkowski theory for star bodies. We first propose the Orlicz addition of measures, and establish the dual functional Orlicz–Brunn–Minkowski inequality. Based on a family of linear Orlicz additions of two measures, we provide an interpretation for the famous$f$-divergence. Jensen’s inequality for integrals is also proved to be equivalent to the newly established dual functional Orlicz–Brunn–Minkowski inequality. An optimization problem for the$f$-divergence is proposed, and related functional affine isoperimetric inequalities are established.
The Bombieri–Vinogradov Theorem on Higher Rank Groups and its Applications
Authors: Jiang Yujiao , Lü Guangshi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe study the analogue of the Bombieri–Vinogradov theorem for $\operatorname{SL}_{m}(\mathbb{Z})$ Hecke–Maass form $F(z)$. In particular, for $\operatorname{SL}_{2}(\mathbb{Z})$ holomorphic or Maass Hecke eigenforms, symmetric-square lifts of holomorphic Hecke eigenforms on $\operatorname{SL}_{2}(\mathbb{Z})$, and $\operatorname{SL}_{3}(\mathbb{Z})$ Maass Hecke eigenforms under the Ramanujan conjecture, the levels of distribution are all equal to $1/2,$ which is as strong as the Bombieri–Vinogradov theorem. As an application, we study an automorphic version of Titchmarch’s divisor problem; namely for $a\neq 0,$$$\begin{eqnarray}\mathop{\sum }_{n\leqslant x}\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC}(n)\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}(n)d(n-a)\ll x\log \log x,\end{eqnarray}$$ where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}(n)$ are Fourier coefficients $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}_{f}(n)$ of a holomorphic Hecke eigenform $f$ for $\operatorname{SL}_{2}(\mathbb{Z})$ or Fourier coefficients $A_{F}(n,1)$ of its symmetric-square lift $F$. Further, as a consequence, we get an asymptotic formula $$\begin{eqnarray}\mathop{\sum }_{n\leqslant x}\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC}(n)\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}_{f}^{2}(n)d(n-a)=E_{1}(a)x\log x+O(x\log \log x),\end{eqnarray}$$ where $E_{1}(a)$ is a constant depending on $a$. Moreover, we also consider the asymptotic orthogonality of the Möbius function against the arithmetic function $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}(n)d(n-a)$.
Large Irredundant Sets in Operator Algebras
Authors: Hida Clayton Suguio , Koszmider Piotr 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA subset ${\mathcal{X}}$ of a C*-algebra ${\mathcal{A}}$ is called irredundant if no $A\in {\mathcal{X}}$ belongs to the C*-subalgebra of ${\mathcal{A}}$ generated by ${\mathcal{X}}\setminus \{A\}$. Separable C*-algebras cannot have uncountable irredundant sets and all members of many classes of nonseparable C*-algebras, e.g., infinite dimensional von Neumann algebras have irredundant sets of cardinality continuum.There exists a considerable literature showing that the question whether every AF commutative nonseparable C*-algebra has an uncountable irredundant set is sensitive to additional set-theoretic axioms, and we investigate here the noncommutative case.Assuming $\diamondsuit$ (an additional axiom stronger than the continuum hypothesis), we prove that there is an AF C*-subalgebra of ${\mathcal{B}}(\ell _{2})$ of density $2^{\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}}=\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}_{1}$ with no nonseparable commutative C*-subalgebra and with no uncountable irredundant set. On the other hand we also prove that it is consistent that every discrete collection of operators in ${\mathcal{B}}(\ell _{2})$ of cardinality continuum contains an irredundant subcollection of cardinality continuum.Other partial results and more open problems are presented.
Characterizing uncertainties in atmospheric inversions of fossil fuel CO2 emissions in California
Authors: Brophy Kieran , Graven Heather , Manning Alistair J. , White Emily , Arnold Tim , Fischer Marc L. , Jeong Seongeun , Cui Xinguang , Rigby Matthew 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Atmospheric inverse modelling has become an increasingly useful tool for
evaluating emissions of greenhouse gases including methane, nitrous oxide, and
synthetic gases such as hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). Atmospheric inversions for
emissions of CO2 from fossil fuel combustion (ffCO2) are
currently being developed. The aim of this paper is to investigate potential
errors and uncertainties related to the spatial and temporal prior
representation of emissions and modelled atmospheric transport for the
inversion of ffCO2 emissions in the US state of California. We
perform simulation experiments based on a network of ground-based
observations of CO2 concentration and radiocarbon in CO2
(a tracer of ffCO2), combining prior (bottom-up) emission models
and transport models currently used in many atmospheric studies. The
potential effect of errors in the spatial and temporal distribution of prior
emission estimates is investigated in experiments by using perturbed versions
of the emission estimates used to create the pseudo-data. The potential
effect of transport error was investigated by using three different
atmospheric transport models for the prior and pseudo-data simulations. We
find that the magnitude of biases in posterior total state emissions arising
from errors in the spatial and temporal distribution in prior emissions in
these experiments are 1 %–15 % of posterior total state emissions and
are generally smaller than the 2σ uncertainty in posterior emissions.
Transport error in these experiments introduces biases of −10 % to
+6 % into posterior total state emissions. Our results indicate that
uncertainties in posterior total state ffCO2 estimates arising from
the choice of prior emissions or atmospheric transport model are on the order
of 15 % or less for the ground-based network in California we consider. We
highlight the need for temporal variations to be included in prior emissions
and for continuing efforts to evaluate and improve the representation of
atmospheric transport for regional ffCO2 inversions.
Recent Dickens Studies: 2017
Authors: Cook Susan E. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis essay surveys Dickens scholarship and adaptations published in 2017, summarizing over two hundred books, chapters, articles, and other forms of media. Scholarship from 2017 featured a focus on biography and source studies; print culture including authors, readers, and publication practices; intermediality; language, form, and genre; science, religion, and philosophy; finance, economics, and class; geography, travel, and empire; gender and sexuality; animals and the environment; visual culture and museum culture; food; pedagogy and education; and editions, notes, and other resources. This review includes several web-based resources related to Dickens that may be of interest to scholars, as well as several adaptations.
An assessment for health education and health promotion in chronic disease demonstration districts: a comparative study from Hunan Province, China
Authors: Xu Qiaohua , Chen Biyun , Jin Donghui , Yin Li , Huang Yuelong 
Published: March 2019

Background
Cost-effective strategies of chronic disease control, integrated health education and health promotion play important roles in the programs of chronic disease demonstration districts in China. The performance of these districts can be directly assessed by their health education and promotion work. However, there have been only a few performance assessments done on these programs, most of which made without the inclusion of proper quality indicators. This study was designed to establish a framework of indicators for outcome evaluation of health education and promotion efforts in Chinese districts, and explore the factors involved in promoting these efforts.

Methods
A modified two-round Delphi survey was first used to construct quality indicators on a nine-point Likert scale. With those indicators, the rank sum ratio (RSR) method was then conducted through rank conversion and parametric statistics, to assess and classify the performance of ten districts or counties randomly chosen both from demonstration and non-demonstration districts in the Hunan province.

Results
The Delphi process produced seven themes and 25 sub-themes as quality indicators. The seven themes included organizational management, financial support, professional personnel, health education and promotion, residents’ health awareness and behaviors, residents’ satisfaction, and residents’ health literacy. The districts were classified into four levels by RSR as follows: One demonstration district at the first-ranked level, five other demonstration districts at the second-ranked level, all non-demonstration districts at the third-ranked level. None were at the fourth-qualified level.

Discussion
Chronic disease demonstration districts performed better on the work of health education and health promotion than the non-demonstration districts. The work should be focused on the following measures of chronic diseases: organizational management, financial support, media-related broadcasting, technical support, community-based promotion and supportive environment, and people’s enhanced awareness and health literacy.
Distribution and Ecology of Euglenoids in Selected Lakes of Tumakuru District, Karnataka
Authors: Murulidhara V. N. , Murthy V. N. Yogananda 
Published: March 2019

Aim: This study deals with the distribution and ecology of euglenoids in relation to physicochemical characteristics of water in four lakes of Tumakuru district.
Place and Duration of Study: Guluru, Bugudanahalli, Colony and Teeta are the four lakes of Tumakuru district selected for the present study during 2015-17.
Methodology: Euglenoids function as indicators of aquatic superiority. Composite samples were taken at two feats depth from surface level on monthly basis for the enumeration of euglenoids. Results: A total of ten species under three genera were identified. Guluru lake harboured 46.66% followed by Colony and Teeta lakes 20% each and Bugudanahalli lake with 13.33%. Seasonally all the lakes recorded maximum density of euglenoids during summer except in Colony lake, where they reached their peak during rainy season. Euglenoids showed significant positive correlation with water temperature (r = 0.664: P < 0.05), Sulphate (r = 0.757: P < 0.05) and Silica (r = 0.775: P < 0.05) at 5% level.
Conclusion: Euglenoids established negative correlation with dissolved oxygen and ammoniacal nitrogen. As the euglenoids serve as pollution indicator organisms, moderate density of euglenoids in the lakes investigated indicates that, lakes are tending towards biologically eutrophic condition.
Phytochemical Composition and in vitro Antioxidant Activity of Golden Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Seeds for Functional Food Application
Authors: Olubunmi Ibidapo P. , Olajumoke A. Alagbe , Bamidele J. Awogbemi , Omolara O. Fatunmibi 
Published: March 2019

Aim: Golden melon (Cucumis melo) is an annual herbaceous plant belonging to the family of Cucurbitaceae (Cucurbit). This study was carried out to evaluate the phytochemical composition and in vitro antioxidant activity of golden melon seed extract.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out between a period of July and August 2017 at Baking Milling Division, Federal Institute of Industrial Research Oshodi Nigeria.
Methodology: The crude methanolic extracts of the seed were tested for phytochemical and antioxidant activities according to standard analytical procedure. The antioxidant potential of the seed extracts was examined using different assays by determining total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, total antioxidant capacity. The free radical scavenging activities of the extract such as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, in vitro lipid peroxidation, and nitric oxide (NO) scavenging assay were determined spectrophotometrically.
Results: The phytochemical screening of the seed extracts revealed the presence of some secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, phenolic, steroids, flavonoids, terpenoids and cardiac glycosides. The total phenolic content of extract was found to be 29.39 mg/100 g while the amount of total flavonoid content was 20.67 mg/100 g. Scavenging ability was observed to increase in proportion to concentration for all the scavenging assays and at the highest concentration of 100 µg/ml. Total antioxidant capacity assay showed 19.44 mg per 100 g. This high scavenging ability in the seed extracts may be attributed to the presence of phenolic and flavonoids compounds in the extract. The DPPH free radical scavenging activity of 100µg/ml Cucumis melo extract was 75.20% ± 0.72 while the reference standard (Ascorbic acid) was 83.24% ±0.31. Lipid peroxidation inhibition ability of 100 µg/ml Cucumis melo extract was 87.18% ± 0.16 while the standard (ascorbic acid) was 94.96% ± 0.16 at the same concentration. Results obtained from this study showed that the nitric oxide scavenging ability of the extract was 80.50%±0.63 while the standard antioxidant was 85.94% ± 0.54.
Conclusion: In all the assays, Cucumis melo extract showed maximum percentage of antioxidant potentials at 100 µg/ml. Additionally, golden melon seed possess appreciable amount of phenols and high antioxidant properties which could be explored and incorporated in functional food applications particularly in baked products.
Economic Development versus Social Development: In the Case of Sri Lanka
Authors: Rajapakshe Wasantha 
Published: March 2019

Aims: After the independence from British in 1948, all successive governments have operated welfare programs as a development strategy. The objective of this paper is to investigate and analyze the major food subsidy programs which are functioned until today and check their effectiveness with regards to the two meaning of development; traditional and modern meaning.
Study Design: This is survey research based on secondary data and involved an extensive literature review on the area of concern to provide an overview of the social welfare programs and economic impact of Sri Lanka.
Methodology: For this study therefore data collected from various published sources and analyzed with descriptive statistics and presented as graphs, percentages to show the trends.
Results: It is not the attention to conclude this investigation with purely negative opinion. However, Sri Lanka has not enjoyed sustainable health growth rate after the independence. Except for occasional booms, which had for only 2-3 years in early 1980s’. Therefore according to the traditional meaning of development, clearly Sri Lanka is a less developed country. The decades of welfare policies act as a development strategies in modern point of view. Sri Lanka always considers as a model country. Comparing developed countries, Human Development Index (HDI) in Sri Lanka has a higher rank. Is that mean Sri Lanka is a developed country? According to the two doctrine, development is not only economic growth but also human development. It is essentially a mix tasks. Therefore, Sri Lanka Experience confirm that the fact that neither purely welfare policies nor even growth oriented policies supported by welfare programs can be a substitute for more upfront institutional measures for overcoming poverty and inequality and development of a country.
Automatic detection of graticule isocenter and scale from kV and MV images
Authors: Fang Raymond , Yang Jinzhong , Du Weiliang , Court Laurence 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPurposeTo automate the detection of isocenter and scale of the mechanical graticule on kilo‐voltage (kV) or mega‐voltage (MV) films or electronic portal imaging device (EPID) images.MethodsWe developed a robust image processing approach to automatically detect isocenter and scale of mechanical graticule from digitized kV or MV films and EPID images. After a series of preprocessing steps applied to the digital images, a combination of Hough transform and Radon transform was performed to detect the graticule axes and isocenter. The magnification of the graticule was automatically detected by solving an optimization problem using golden section search and parabolic interpolation algorithm. Tick marks of the graticule were then determined by extending from isocenter along the graticule axes with multiples of the magnification value. This approach was validated using 23 kV films, 26 MV films, and 91 EPID images in different anatomical sites (head‐and‐neck, thorax, and pelvis). Accuracy was measured by comparing computer detected results with manually selected results.ResultsThe proposed approach was robust for kV and MV films of varying image quality. The isocenter was detected within 1 mm for 98% of the images. The exceptions were three kV films where the graticule was not actually visible. Of all images with correct isocenter detection, 99% had a magnification detection error less than 1% and tick mark detection error less than 1 mm, with the exception of 1 kV film (magnification error: 3.17%; tick mark error: 1.29 mm) and 1 MV film (magnification error: 0.45%; tick mark error: 1.11 mm).ConclusionWe developed an approach to robustly and automatically detect graticule isocenter and scale from two‐dimensionla (2D) kV and MV films. This is a first step toward automated treatment planning based on 2D x‐ray images.