bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Spatial‐Political Outcome of Urban Development Conflicts: Emancipatory Dynamics of Protests against Gentrification in Peñalolén, Santiago de Chile
Authors: Hölzl Corinna 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis study addresses the spatial‐political impact and lasting emancipatory potential of urban development conflicts. It is based on a case from Santiago de Chile, where activists from different social backgrounds struggle against processes of gentrification and structural densification within the context of current urban planning measures. The (temporary) peak of the conflict constituted a referendum, by means of which the social movements were able to refuse a new land‐use plan. Theoretically, the article builds on the combination of radical democratic and spatial perspectives. A frame analysis serves to capture the spatial‐political approach for the empirical analysis. Findings reveal a range of emancipatory practices, such as counter‐hegemonic and self‐organized housing and planning policies. Furthermore, my research shows that maintaining agonistic spaces enables experimental social orderings that symbolize sustained contestations of neoliberal spatial policy.
Can Neck Contusions in Unexplained Pediatric Deaths be Explained by Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation?
Authors: Wells Kimberly , Castellani Rudy J. , deJong Joyce L. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe distribution of cutaneous contusions in infants may raise the possibility of maltreatment. Neck contusions are particularly problematic since they seldom occur outside the setting of abuse, while cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)‐related maneuvers may involve the neck. To address the role of CPR in neck findings, we examined 260 consecutive pediatric autopsies in which CPR was attempted. No neck contusions were identified in manners of death classified as natural, undetermined, or suicide. Contusions were present in two of 80 deaths classified as accident and had obvious accidental causes. About 26% of deaths classified as homicide had neck contusions with no explanation provided by the caregiver (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, neck contusions in deceased children with no apparent explanation should be regarded as suspicious for abuse and investigated accordingly. CPR is not a plausible explanation for neck contusions in children.
Construction of an efficient genomic editing system with CRISPR/Cas9 in the vector mosquito Aedes albopictus
Authors: Liu Tong , Yang Wen‐Qiang , Xie Yu‐Gu , Liu Pei‐Wen , Xie Li‐Hua , Lin Feng , Li Chen‐Ying , Gu Jin‐Bao , Wu Kun , Yan Gui‐Yun , Chen Xiao‐Guang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAedes (Stegomyia) albopictus, also known as the Asian tiger mosquito, is a mosquito which originated in Asia. In recent years, it has become increasingly rampant throughout the world. This mosquito can transmit several arboviruses, including dengue, Zika and chikungunya viruses, and is considered a public health threat. Despite the urgent need of genome engineering to analyze specific gene functions, progress in genetical manipulation of Ae. albopictus has been slow due to a lack of efficient methods and genetic markers. In the present study, we established targeted disruptions in two genes, kynurenine hydroxylase (kh) and dopachrome conversion enzyme (yellow), to analyze the feasibility of generating visible phenotypes with genome editing by the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) / CRISPR‐associated protein 9 (Cas9) system in Ae. albopictus. Following Cas9 single guide RNA ribonucleoprotein injection into the posterior end of pre‐blastoderm embryos, 30%–50% of fertile survivors produced alleles that failed to complement existing kh and yellow mutations. Complete eye and body pigmentation defects were readily observed in G1 pupae and adults, indicating successful generation of highly heritable mutations. We conclude that the CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated gene editing system can be used in Ae. albopictus and that it can be adopted as an efficient tool for genome‐scale analysis and biological study.
Exploration of Māori household experiences of food insecurity
Authors: Beavis Brittani S. , McKerchar Christina , Maaka Juanita , Mainvil Louise A. 
Published: October 2018

AimResearchers explored how food insecurity was experienced in Māori households and how this can affect hauora (well‐being).MethodsThis Māori‐centred research was conducted in New Zealand by Māori dietetic students with Māori supervision. Kaupapa Māori methodology guided the inductive thematic analysis of observational and discussion data (40+ hours per household) from four Māori households (18 individuals) that participated in a 3‐month ethnographic‐style investigation in 2011.ResultsFour themes were identified. ‘Overcoming socioeconomic hardship’ was most clearly observed within the low‐income whānau (family), however, all whānau had experienced food insecurity. This experience had short‐ and long‐term impacts on well‐being. Other themes identified strategies whānau developed to reduce the severity of food insecurity: sharing food, gardening food, and teaching food and nutrition skills. Selected text for themes revealed expressed Māori values and/or hauora influences. The values of manaakitanga (sharing food/hospitality), whānaungatanga (family relationships) and kaitiakitanga (caring for the environment) were observed and analysed deductively.ConclusionsAll households had experienced income‐related food insecurity, and its short‐ and long‐term impacts on well‐being were observed. Whānau had developed many strategies to reduce the severity of food insecurity, relying on support from extended whānau and the wider community, but households remained food insecure. Health and other professionals should advocate for social justice and policy solutions that change systems perpetuating social and health inequity. All households need sufficient income to afford basic needs including food. When basic needs are met, households and individuals can thrive and make meaningful contributions to society.
Auditing Estimates in Financial Statements: A Case Study of a Fish Farm's Biological Asset
Authors: Lento Camillo , Bujaki Merridee , Yeung Wing Him 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRecent decades have witnessed an increase in the overall uncertainty inherent in financial statements. It is now common for the financial statements of a public company to include estimates with measurement uncertainties that exceed materiality. As a result, auditing students are now required to have a more profound understanding of (i) the impact of accounting estimates on risk assessment and (ii) the development of audit procedures to deal with accounting estimates. This case allows students to explore CAS 540 – Accounting Estimates by assuming the role of Atlantic Canada Aquaculture's (ACA's) auditor. ACA operates in Eastern Canada and is prohibited by Canadian regulations to catch and release the fish in their farm to determine their biological asset value. As a result, ACA developed a statistical model to determine the number and weight of the fish in their farm. The model is based on various estimates, such as water temperature, survival rates, and food quality. Students are required to explore the impacts of the model's estimates on the inherent risks in the financial statements and assess the reasonability of the model from an external auditor's perspective. The case also allows students to explore CAS 620 – Using the work of an Auditor's Expert and CAS 701 – Communicating Key Audit Matters in the Independent Auditor's Report in the context of the audit of biological assets.
Barriers to Transferring Auditing Research to Standard Setters
Authors: Hoang Kris , Salterio Steven E. , Sylph Jim 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAuditing researchers have published over 24,000 academic articles (Google Scholar September 2016) since 1970. Auditing standard setters and regulators frequently describe an inability to engage with and utilize this research to make evidence‐informed standard setting and regulatory decisions. For society to benefit from the large investment in audit research, the knowledge needs to systematically and effectively transferred to auditing policymakers. We draw on the knowledge transfer literature to identify barriers to transferring academic knowledge and discuss how these concepts apply to audit standard setting. We then examine a paradigmatic example of academic knowledge transfer to policymaking: evidence‐based medicine. Based on this analysis, we propose a tentative strategy to address the barriers to transferring audit research knowledge to policymaking and sketch out potential avenues for research. We conclude with an illustrative example of how to implement a knowledge transfer strategy that is effective in systematically transferring knowledge in other policymaking settings to the context of a specific audit standard‐setting project: group audits.
Commentary: The opioid overdose epidemic: Evidence‐based interventions
Authors: Barglow Peter 
Published: October 2018

Background and ObjectivesOutcome intervention data from Medicare, veteran, prison, and United States’ public populations can identify best practices to decrease opioid misuse. Prescription policies for treating pain in the United States and other countries are relevant to preventing overdose.MethodsThree strategies are considered: (1) Demand Reduction counsels and educates patients and current or potential opioid users about risks and treatment options to reduce motivation to consume opioids. (2) Supply Reduction limits access and dosage of opioids and co‐drugs such as benzodiazepines. It encourages use of safest prescribing practices for treating pain. (3) Harm Reduction reduces opioid deaths through medication‐assisted treatment (MAT) combining opioid substitution therapy (OST), provision of opioid antagonists like Naltrexone, and behavioral health services.ResultsDemand Reduction is often inadequate to treat severe pain or in the presence of major psychopathology like opioid abuse disorder (OUD). Among veterans, lower opioid doses for pain treatment were associated with diminished death rates. Supply Reduction interventions have disadvantages. Banning drugs has poor long‐term success with prison inmates, because abstinence is difficult to enforce after discharge. Limiting opioid supplies does not increase survival rates for Medicare patients.Discussion and ConclusionsSharp opioid dose restriction in outpatient treatment increases heroin and fentanyl use, explaining why recent years’ decrease in United States opioid prescriptions has not reduced national mortality rates. Although Harm Reduction is the safest, most effective single approach, combining three interventions while improving pain and addiction prescribing practices is optimal.Scientific SignificanceScientific research needs to inform choice of opioid overuse interventions. (Am J Addict 2018;XX:1–3)
Gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist induces downregulation of tensin 1 in women with endometriosis
Authors: Rahmawati Endah , Yang Wei‐Chung V. , Lei Yen‐Ping , Maurya Pawan K. , Chen Huei‐Wen , Tzeng Chii‐Ruey 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroductionMany cell migration‐related molecules are associated with endometriosis. Tensin 1 (TNS1), which has been implicated in cell migration, may play a role in endometriosis. The study goal was to evaluate the TNS1 expression in endometrial tissue and serum from women with endometriosis treated with gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa).Material and methodsTissue and serum samples were collected from women with endometriosis who were treated (n = 29) with GnRHa or untreated (n = 30). TNS1 mRNA was examined using quantitative PCR. TNS1 protein levels in tissue and serum samples were investigated using Western blot, immunohistochemistry and ELISA. Eleven women with endometriosis participated in a follow‐up investigation of serum TNS1 before and after GnRHa treatment.ResultsTNS1 mRNA (P = 0.006) and protein (P = 0.001) were significantly downregulated in endometriotic tissue from women with endometriosis who received GnRHa. Immunolocalization of TNS1 showed strong expression in the epithelial and stromal cells of endometriotic tissue from women untreated with GnRHa, whereas endometriotic tissue from GnRHa‐treated women showed low TNS1 expression. Follow‐up monitoring of serum TNS1 concentration in 11 women showed an average decrease in concentration of 53%, from 294.9 ± 66.69 to 140.3 ± 55.21 pg/mL, following GnRHa treatment (P = 0.003).ConclusionsGnRHa induces downregulation of TNS1 in tissue and serum in women with endometriosis. These results emphasize the importance TNS1 as a potential therapeutic molecular target for the treatment of endometriosis with GnRHa.
The Effect of LVAD Pressure Sensitivity on the Assisted Circulation Under Consideration of a Mitral Insufficiency: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Graefe Roland , Beyel Christof , Henseler Andreas , Körfer Reiner , Steinseifer Ulrich , Tenderich Gero 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCurrent left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) differ with respect to their pump characteristics as described by the pump characteristic curve (also called HQ‐curve). Pressure sensitive LVADs depict a flat characteristic curve while most available LVADs have a steep, less pressure sensitive characteristic curve. This in vitro study investigated the effect of LVAD pressure sensitivity with a focus on the afterload of the right ventricle (RV) which is one out of many factors influencing right heart failure (RHF). To this end, two laboratory pumps differing in pressure sensitivity were tested as LVAD in an established, active mock circulation loop (MCL). The MCL represented patients with left heart failure and mitral insufficiency as another contributing factor to RV afterload. The results show that the pressure‐volume loop (PV‐loop) of the left ventricle (LV) undergoes a leftward and thus somewhat of a downward‐shift for highly pressure sensitive support. Consequently, the LV is unloaded to a higher degree at comparable arterial blood pressure and identical cardiac output, pulmonary and systemic vascular resistance and ventricular contractility. This causes a concomitant decrease of RV afterload. This effect seems to be due to increased unloading during systole. In case of a severe concomitant mitral insufficiency and looking at left atrial pressure, the difference is 18.5%. Without mitral insufficiency, the difference is reduced to 10.2%.
Mandatory medication content in the curricula of six health care personnel types with patient contact in Denmark
Authors: Druedahl Louise C. , Mølby Hansen Johanne , Freese Ellen Linnea , Almarsdóttir Anna Birna , Traulsen Janine M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMedication use is a complex process involving different types of health care personnel. This study investigated and compared mandatory medication content in the curricula of six types of health care personnel with patient contact. Using content analysis, three independent raters analysed the mandatory medication content for physicians, pharmacists, pharmaconomists, nurses, health care assistants and support workers in the Capital Region of Denmark. Three dimensions were analysed as follows: communication with patients about medication, medication use or pharmacology and medication formulation and production. ECTS credits were totalled for courses analysed to have high or medium content, and inter‐rater reliability was tested with Fleiss’ kappa. The total mandatory medication content for pharmacists was 197.0 ECTS, physicians 136.0 ECTS, pharmaconomists 123.3 ECTS, nurses 52.0 ECTS, health care assistants 17.8 ECTS and support workers 0.0 ECTS. Communication with patients about medication was included to the greatest extent in the educations of pharmaconomists (112.0 ECTS), pharmacists (37.5 ECTS) and physicians (25.0 ECTS). Knowledge about medication use and pharmacology was taught primarily to pharmacists (146.5 ECTS), physicians (123.6 ECTS) and pharmaconomists (89.8 ECTS) and to a lesser extent nurses (52.0 ECTS), health care assistants (17.8 ECTS) and support workers (0.0 ECTS). Medication formulation and production were taught only to pharmacists (93.0 ECTS) and pharmaconomists (25.1 ECTS). Mapping the basic competencies about medication taught to each of the six health care personnel types can lead to a better understanding of how they can complement each other in patient care. The study points to weaknesses in medication curriculum content for health care personnel with the most patient contact.
Service Delivery Networks and Employment Relations at German Airports: Jeopardizing Industrial Peace on the Ground?
Authors: Helfen Markus , Sydow Jörg , Wirth Carsten 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this article, we ask how organizational restructuring towards a network form of service delivery challenges an established form of employment relations in Germany, that is labour–management collaboration. Building on a theoretical discussion of the marketization hypothesis, we develop a structuration perspective on the relationship between network restructuring and labour–management collaboration, which highlights the political economy of inter‐firm networks. Empirically, we focus on two major airport authorities in Germany. Our findings show how these authorities at the core of service delivery networks face a strategic trade‐off between short‐term labour cost reductions and more adversarial employment relations. Apart from coinciding with a deterioration in working conditions for service workers, the handling of this trade‐off depends on managers’ and worker representatives’ commitment to collaboration across the network. While unions and works councils initially continued with social partnership‐type practices, the more adversarial management practices for enacting the network restructuring cause a fragmentation on the workers’ side and increase the conflict potential. We conclude that the agency of management and worker representatives in the enactment of inter‐firm networks oscillates between more partnership‐like and more conflictive practices, which turn the network restructuring into a political process with divergent outcomes for employment relations.
Development of a robot‐assisted kidney transplantation programme from deceased donors in a referral academic centre: technical nuances and preliminary results
Authors: Vignolini Graziano , Campi Riccardo , Sessa Francesco , Greco Isabella , Larti Aida , Giancane Saverio , Sebastianelli Arcangelo , Gacci Mauro , Peris Adriano , Li Marzi Vincenzo , Breda Alberto , Siena Giampaolo , Serni Sergio 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveTo report the development of the first robot‐assisted kidney transplantation (RAKT) programme from deceased donors, examining technical feasibility and early perioperative and functional outcomes at a referral academic centre.Patients and MethodsA RAKT programme was developed in 2016 at our institution following structured modular training. Specific inclusion/exclusion criteria for both living and deceased donors were set. Data from patients undergoing RAKT from January 2017 to April 2018 were prospectively collected in an a priori developed web‐based data set. RAKT followed the principles of the Vattikuti Urology Institute–Medanta technique, with specific technical modifications based on clinical recipient characteristics, as well as surgeon's skills and preference during the learning curve. Technical feasibility of RAKT from deceased donors and evaluation of perioperative and early functional outcomes were the main study endpoints.ResultsIn all, 17 RAKTs were performed during the study period. Of these, six were from living donors and 11 were from deceased donors. All RAKTs were successfully completed without need of conversion. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) console time was 190 (160–220) min and the median (IQR) estimated blood loss was 120 (110–140) mL. The median times to complete venous, arterial and uretero–vesical anastomoses were 21, 22 and 21 min, respectively. The median (IQR) length of stay was 8 (6–12) days. At a median (IQR) follow‐up of 8 (6–11) months, five (30%) complications were recorded. Of these, four (24%) were minor (Clavien–Dindo Grade I–II) and one major (Clavien–Dindo Grade IIIb, requiring graft nephrectomy). Overall, two patients were still on dialysis at last follow‐up. A significant improvement in graft function was recorded progressively at all postoperative time points.ConclusionOur preliminary experience outlines that: (i) the development of a RAKT programme is feasible in centres experienced in robotic surgery and open kidney transplantation; (ii) RAKT from deceased donors is feasible from both a technical and logistical perspective; and (iii) RAKT from deceased donors appears to achieve favourable early postoperative and functional outcomes. Larger studies with longer follow‐up are needed to confirm these findings and compare the outcomes of RAKT from deceased donors with those from living donors.
Role of house dust mite‐derived extracellular vesicles in a murine model of airway inflammation
Authors: Choi Jun‐Pyo , Jeon Seong Gyu , Kim Yoon‐Keun , Cho You Sook 
Published: October 2018

SummaryBackgroundHouse dust mite (HDM) is the major source of indoor allergens that cause airway disease. Recent evidence suggests that Gram‐negative/positive bacteria produce nano‐sized extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing diverse components, including various immunostimulatory molecules. However, the association between bacteria‐derived EVs and development of airway disease is unclear.ObjectiveTo identify and isolate HDM‐derived EVs and to evaluate their effect on the development of airway inflammation.MethodsExtracellular vesicles were isolated from crude HDM extracts by ultra‐centrifugation, and their physical and immunological characteristics and roles in airway inflammation were tested in vitro and in murine models of airway inflammation. In addition, 16s metagenome analysis of nucleic acid from EVs was performed to identify their origin.ResultsRound, bilayered vesicles measuring 80‐100 nanometres and containing abundant amounts of LPS were isolated. These vesicles induced innate immune responses both in vitro and in vivo. Intranasal exposure of naïve mice to HDM EVs induced production of cytokines associated with development of Th2‐mediated and mixed (Th1‐/Th2‐/Th17‐mediated) airway inflammation to allergen. Metagenome analysis identified Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria as the probable sources of HDM EVs.ConclusionHouse dust mite EVs originating from Gram‐negative bacteria may play an important role on the development of airway inflammation.