bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Erythema Nodosum as the Initial Presentation of Nivolumab-Induced Sarcoidosis-Like Reaction
Authors: Laroche Alexandre , Alarcon Chinchilla Evelyn , Bourgeault Emilie , Doré Marc-André 
Published: May 2018

Background: We report a case of nivolumab-related sarcoidosis-like syndrome that initially presented with erythema nodosum. Sarcoidosis development has been described in single and combination immunotherapy. Case Presentation: A 68-year-old white woman with metastatic ocular amelanotic choroid melanoma was treated with nivolumab. The patient developed histologically confirmed erythema nodosum lesions and pulmonary granuloma sarcoidosis. Nivolumab was discontinued and the patient started ipilimumab therapy. Conclusion: Sarcoidosis-like syndrome with lymphadenopathy is a rare adverse event that is important to recognize since it can be mistaken for metastatic disease progression. Tissue biopsy of new lesions during immunotherapy is an important step in patient evaluation.
Detection of perimacular red dots and blots when screening for diabetic retinopathy: Refer or not refer?
Authors: Baltatescu Anatolie , Striglia Elio , Trento Marina , Mazzeo Aurora , Cavallo Franco , Charrier Lorena , Porta Massimo 
Published: May 2018

Purpose: Detection of microaneurysms and/or microhaemorrhages near the fovea when screening for diabetic retinopathy poses a problem because referral to retinal specialists may alarm patients and unnecessarily burden ophthalmologists. Methods: Six-month prospective study of patients found to have minimal red lesions within one disc diameter of the fovea when screened for diabetic retinopathy. Two 45° digital photographs, one centred on the macula and the other nasal including the optic disc, were taken for each eye. All patients received a 6-month re-screening appointment. Results: Out of 70 patients, 41 returned for re-screening. Diabetic retinopathy had worsened in 3 who required referral but no treatment, was unchanged in 19 and was undetectable in the other 19. Haemoglobin A1c decreased from 7.76% ± 1.50% (61.3 ± 16.2 mmol/mol) to 6.93% ± 1.7% (52.3 ± 18.9 mmol/mol) in the patients in whom diabetic retinopathy worsened but did not change in the other groups. Baseline haemoglobin A1c ( p = 0.048) and systolic blood pressure ( p = 0.007) were lower in the patients in whom diabetic retinopathy improved, but a multivariate model including haemoglobin A1c, blood pressure and known disease duration could not identify any independent risk factor. Conclusion: Minimal red lesions near the fovea, though commanding early re-screening, do not require immediate referral to retinal specialists.
Dysphagia in supratentorial recent small subcortical infarcts results from bilateral pyramidal tract damage
Authors: Fandler Simon , Gattringer Thomas , Pinter Daniela , Pirpamer Lukas , Borsodi Florian , Eppinger Sebastian , Niederkorn Kurt , Enzinger Christian , Fazekas Franz 
Published: May 2018

Background Dysphagia occurs in up to 20% of patients with a recent small subcortical infarct, even when excluding brainstem infarcts. Aim To examine the impact of lesion topography and concomitant cerebrovascular lesions on the occurrence of dysphagia in patients with a single supratentorial recent small subcortical infarct. Methods We retrospectively identified all inpatients with magnetic resonance imaging-confirmed supratentorial recent small subcortical infarcts over a five-year period. Dysphagia was determined by speech-language therapists. Recent small subcortical infarcts were compiled into a standard brain model and compared using lesion probability maps. Furthermore, magnetic resonance imaging scans were reviewed for the combination of both acute and old cerebrovascular lesions. Results A total of 243 patients with a recent small subcortical infarct were identified (mean age 67.9 ± 12.2 years). Of those, 29 had mild and 18 moderate-to-severe dysphagia. Lesion probability maps suggested no recent small subcortical infarct location favoring the occurrence of moderate-to-severe dysphagia. However, patients with moderate-to-severe dysphagia more frequently showed combined damage to both pyramidal tracts by the recent small subcortical infarct and a contralateral old lesion (lacune: 77.8% vs. 19.9%, p < 0.001; lacune or confluent white matter hyperintensities: 100% vs. 57.7%, p < 0.001) than patients without swallowing dysfunction. Comparable results were obtained when analyzing patients with any degree of dysphagia. Conclusions Preexisting contralateral vascular pyramidal tract lesions are closely related to the occurrence of moderate-to-severe dysphagia in patients with supratentorial recent small subcortical infarcts.
Reference values of left heart echocardiographic dimensions and mass in male peri-pubertal athletes
Authors: Cavarretta Elena , Maffessanti Francesco , Sperandii Fabio , Guerra Emanuele , Quaranta Federico , Nigro Antonia , Minati Monia , Rebecchi Marco , Fossati Chiara , Calò Leonardo , Pigozzi Fabio 
Published: May 2018

Background Several articles have proposed reference values in healthy paediatric subjects, but none of them has evaluated a large population of healthy trained adolescents. Design The study purpose was to establish normal echocardiographic measurements of left heart (aortic root, left atrium and left ventricular dimensions and mass) in relation to age, weight, height, body mass index, body surface area and training hours in this specific population. Methods We retrospectively evaluated 2151 consecutive, healthy, peri-pubertal athletes (100% male, mean age 12.4 ± 1.4 years, range 8–18) referred to a single centre for pre-participation screening. All participants were young soccer athletes who trained for a mean of 7.2 ± 1.1 h per week. Results Left ventricular internal diameters, wall thickness, left ventricular mass, aortic root and left atrium diameters were significantly correlated to age, body surface area, height and weight ( p < 0.01). Age, height, weight and body surface area were found associated with chamber size, while body mass index and training hours were not. Inclusion of both age and body size parameters in the statistical models resulted in improved overall explained variance for diameters and left ventricular mass. Conclusion Equations, mean values and percentile charts for the different age groups may be useful as reference data in efficiently assessing left ventricular parameters in young athletes.
The Role of Vitamin B12 in the Management and Optimization of Treatment in Patients With Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy
Authors: Nouri Aria , Patel Kishan , Montejo Julio , Nasser Rani , Gimbel David A. , Sciubba Daniel M. , Cheng Joseph S. 
Published: May 2018

Study Design: Narrative review. Objectives: To discuss the relationship between degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) and vitamin B12 deficiency. Specifically, it is the aim to outline the rational for future research into assessment and therapeutic optimization of vitamin B12 in the treatment of DCM. Methods: Literature review. Results: DCM is the commonest cause of spinal cord impairment, with an average age of presentation in the sixth decade. Patients at this age have also been reported to have a high prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency, with estimates of up to 20% in the elderly. Vitamin B12 deficiency can result in subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord (SACD), and several case reports have pointed to patients with both DCM and SACD. Both SACD and reversible compressive injury due to DCM necessitate remyelination in the spinal cord, a process that requires adequate vitamin B12 levels. Basic science research on nerve crush injuries have shown that vitamin B12 levels are altered after nerve injury and that vitamin B12 along with dexamethasone or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can reduce Wallerian degeneration. Furthermore, it has been suggested that a combination of B-vitamins can reduce glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. Conclusions: Given the high prevalence of clinical and subclinical vitamin B12 deficiency in the elderly, the role of vitamin B12 in myelination, and vitamin B12 deficiency as a differential diagnosis of DCM, it is important to investigate what role vitamin B12 levels play in patients with DCM in terms of baseline neurological function and whether optimization of vitamin B12 levels can improve surgical outcome. Furthermore, the routine assessment of vitamin B12 levels in patients considered for DCM surgery should be considered.
A guide to using functional magnetic resonance imaging to study Alzheimer's disease in animal models
Authors: Asaad Mazen , Lee Jin Hyung 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTAlzheimer's disease is a leading healthcare challenge facing our society today. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the brain has played an important role in our efforts to understand how Alzheimer's disease alters brain function. Using fMRI in animal models of Alzheimer's disease has the potential to provide us with a more comprehensive understanding of the observations made in human clinical fMRI studies. However, using fMRI in animal models of Alzheimer's disease presents some unique challenges. Here, we highlight some of these challenges and discuss potential solutions for researchers interested in performing fMRI in animal models. First, we briefly summarize our current understanding of Alzheimer's disease from a mechanistic standpoint. We then overview the wide array of animal models available for studying this disease and how to choose the most appropriate model to study, depending on which aspects of the condition researchers seek to investigate. Finally, we discuss the contributions of fMRI to our understanding of Alzheimer's disease and the issues to consider when designing fMRI studies for animal models, such as differences in brain activity based on anesthetic choice and ways to interrogate more specific questions in rodents beyond those that can be addressed in humans. The goal of this article is to provide information on the utility of fMRI, and approaches to consider when using fMRI, for studies of Alzheimer's disease in animal models.
Association of adverse childhood experiences with functional identity and impulsivity among adults: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Haaris Sheikh Muhammad , Naveed Sadiq , Waqas Ahmed , Tahir Jaura Ihtisham 
Published: May 2018

Introduction: The present study explores the association of adverse childhood experiences with impulsivity and functional identity among Pakistani adults. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 260 Pakistani medical students aged 18 and above were approached. A consent form, a questionnaire on sociodemographic characteristics, and an English versions of the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) scale, Functions of Identity scale (FIS) and Barratt’s Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) was employed in this study. All data were analyzed in SPSS v. 20. Results: A total of 122 (52.6%) of respondents had experienced at least one adverse childhood experience. Verbal, physical, sexual adverse events and poor support and affection from family were the most reported adverse events. ACE scores yielded a significantly positive association with cognitive stability, perseverance and motor impulsivity on the Barrat’s impulsivity scale. Whereas, it yielded negative association with structure and harmony subscales of the functional identity as well as cognitive complexity subscale of the impulsivity scale. Conclusions: A high proportion of Pakistani medical students reported adverse childhood experiences, which lead to impulsive behaviors and poor functional identities.
Incidence and risk factors for complications after definitive skeletal fixation of lower extremity in multiple injury patients: a retrospective chart review
Authors: Sangkomkamhang Thananit , Thinkhamrop Wilaiphorn , Thinkhamrop Bandit , Laohasiriwong Wongsa 
Published: May 2018

Background: The management of multiple injuries is complex. Type and timing of treatment for lower extremity fractures is a controversial subject. Although many studies have demonstrated the safety and effectiveness of early treatment, others have suggested that early definitive stabilization may cause complications, especially with chest and head injuries. The aim of this study was to determine the complications and effects of timing of fixation, and investigate risk factors for complications in multiple injuries patients with lower extremity fractures. Methods: A Retrospective chart review from Khon Kaen Trauma Registry between 2008 and 2015 were collected. All major complications were identified and collected for example acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), acute kidney injury (AKI) and sepsis. The time to definitive skeletal fixation from initial injury was identified and analyzed with multiple logistic regression. Results: 1224 multiple injuries patients with lower extremity fractures were identified. The mean age was 34±19.5 years, 74.4% were male and 25.6% female. The mean time from initial injury to definitive operation was 55.7±53.9 hours. Complications occurred with 178 patients (14.5%), the most common of which were pneumonia, ARDS and AKI. After adjusting for sex, severity of injury, we found that the operation within 24-48 hours complication was 6.67 times less common than in the early treatment group (less than 24 hours) (95% CI: 3.03 to 10.00, P-value< 0.001). Conclusions: About 15% of the multiple injuries patients with lower extremity fracture had major complications. The optimal time for definitive fixation in lower extremity fractures to reduce complications was within 24-48 hours. We found that if we operated too early (before 24 hours) or more than 48 hours after the injury it could increase the morbidity and mortality.
Transit Line Structures in a General Parametric City: The Role of Heuristics
Authors: Fielbaum Andrés , Jara-Díaz Sergio , Gschwender Antonio 
Published: May 2018

The merits of selected heuristics to obtain transit line structures are analyzed, applying them on a synthetic parametric description of a symmetric city that allows representation of different city types (mostly monocentric, polycentric, or dispersed) and varying number of trips. Predetermined basic strategic designs are used as references for comparison considering operators and users costs. We show that (a) line structures that emerge from heuristics dominate the comparison for most types of cities; (b) these line structures are of the direct type; (c) the virtues of a heuristic depend on the level and, most importantly, the spatial structure of transport demand; and (d) new types of heuristics should take into account the structural characteristics of cities, allowing for potential non-direct-type solutions. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2018.0833 .
The privatization of street art and the preservation paradox
Authors: Davis Lindsey 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Impactful online and hyped in the media, street art remains an art world enigma: It’s commercial success is celebrated but its public iterations still exist somewhere between public art and vandalism. This article presents the street artist’s practice as a two-part enterprise, comprised of commercial works created for resale and public works intended as gifts to the public. Interdependent and inextricably linked, both elements exist as two sides of the same practice in a strategy informed by the success of twentieth-century street artists such as Keith Haring and Jean-Michel Basquiat. Conceptually centred around authentication, a street artist’s dual practice discourages the sale of public works by declaring them inauthentic post-removal, complicating their ability to be preserved for the very public for which they are originally intended. This article examines the consequences of this dual practice, focusing specifically on the paradoxical position of removed public works and the systems which enable their legal sales without the artist’s involvement. The article concludes with an argument advocating for the preservation of public works, in order to facilitate a comprehensive understanding of the street artist’s practice.
The abstraction of content and intent between murals and street art
Authors: Fuentes Edward 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This article surveys the aesthetic differences between murals that are a visual response to community identity and temporary large-scale works shaped by the Western canon of underground urban graffiti. To theorize the production of urban art by reading its history and the intent of artists introduces new scholarly inquiry of the shared and conflicting messages of a popular form of public art.
Fracture tooth reattachment
Authors: Hassan Ahmed 
Published: May 2018

Anterior teeth fractures occur daily, with the main patient demand to restore esthetically the resultant defect.Â There is nothing more esthetic than the tooth itself.Â Many techniques were described to use the fractured piece to restore this defect in case of accurate fit.Â The objective of this article is to summarize these techniques to give the dental practitioners the opportunity to restore the fractured tooth more conservatively and in the same time more esthetically.Â Also it throws light on the prevalence and etiology of tooth fracture.Â Frontal teeth are subjected to traumas more than other teeth in the mouth.Â These traumas may lead to tooth fracture with or without pulp involvement.Â In attempts to restore the fractured tooth in more esthetic and conservative manner, the fractured piece may be used as a restorative material. This treatment modality has gained increased popularity among dental practitioner due to the continuous development in the adhesive field.Â Several techniques were used.Â These techniques include, simple reattachment, external chamfer, over contouring, internal dentin bevel, and internal enamel bevel.Â All these techniques try to afford the highest fracture resistance accompanied with the least possible tooth preparation.Â Combination of two or more technique would result in better performance.Keywords:Bevel, bonding, reattachment, tooth fracture.
Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Senyawa Kompleks Zn(II)-8-Hidroksikuinolin
Authors: Hermawati Eka Sulistya , Suhartana Suhartana , Taslimah Taslimah 
Published: May 2018

Senyawa koordinasi adalah senyawa yang terbentuk karena adanya ikatan antara ligan dengan ion pusat. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan memperoleh senyawa kompleks Zn(II)-8-Hidroksikuinolin dengan pelarut asetonitril, metanol dan etanol serta menentukan karakteristik dari produk yang diperoleh. Metode penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mencampurkan larutan ZnCl2 dan larutan 8-Hidroksikuinolin disertai pengadukan dengan menggunakan magnetik stirrer selama 60 menit. Karakterisasi uji dilakukan dengan menggunakan UV-Vis, FTIR dan AAS. Dari sintesis kompleks Zn(II)-8-Hidroksikuinolin dalam pelarut asetonitril, metanol dan etanol, diperoleh rendemen sebesar 73,07 % ; 63,46% ; dan 48,67%, dengan panjang gelombang maksimum berturut-turut sebesar 319,5 nm ; 313 nm ; and 320 nm. Adanya ikatan Zn-N teridentifikasi pada pita serapan pada kisaran 439,79 cm-1 hingga 513,09 cm-1, sedangkan ikatan Zn-O teridentifikasi pada pita serapan pada kisaran 542,98 cm-1 hingga 543,95 cm-1. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa Zn(II) terkoordinasi dengan ligan 8-Hidroksikuinolin membentuk endapan senyawa kompleks Zn(II)-8-Hidroksikuinolin berwarna kuning.
Socioeconomic Driving Forces of International Migration
Authors: Wesselbaum Dennis 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This paper makes a contribution to the literature on the driving forces of international migration. In contrast to the existing literature we consider the effect of socioeconomic variables (population dynamics, education and health, and openness) on migration flows. Especially the effects of openness of a society have not received much attention in the scientific debate.We use a panel data set of bilateral migration flows between 16 destination and 198 origin countries over the time span from 1980 to 2015. Most importantly, we find that our socioeconomic variables significantly affect the migration decision. Including socioeconomic variables does affect the size of the effects of the commonly used variables in the literature.Further, we find robust evidence that the socioeconomic variables at hand have non-linear effects on migration. For example, we find that the effect of human capital on migration follows an inverted U-shaped pattern.
Concave Rectangle Photonic Crystal Ring Resonator for Ultra-Fast All-Optical Modulation
Authors: Rebhi Sana , Massoudi Radhouene , Najjar Monia 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
In this paper, an ultra-fast all-optical modulator, based on a new shape of nonlinear photonic crystal ring resonator, is designed and studied. Numerical methods such as plane wave expansion (PWE) and finite-difference time domain (FDTD) are used to perform simulations. The modulation technique consists of carrier light controlling by means of input light signal and Kerr effect. The investigation of extinction ratio and insertion loss within the carrier input power shows that the choice of 0.7 W is the optimal value of that power to ensure the tradeoff between both characteristics. The suggested modulator demonstrates an excellent extinction ratio about 20.8018, a very low insertion loss of −13.98 and a short switching time about 13.4 ps. According to the obtained results, the modulator can be considered as an ultra-fast and ultra-compact optical component.
Existence results of solutions for impulsive fractional differential equations
Authors: Gupta Vidushi , Dabas Jaydev , Fečkan Michal 
Published: May 2018

Abstract We analyze the existence of solution for the neutral fractional integro-differential equation (FDE) of order in the interval (1, 2] with impulsive and integral boundary conditions (IBCs). The key approach for outcomes are based on the non-compactness measures and fixed point techniques.We obtain some sufficient conditions on the existence of solutions for the proposed system. Moreover, some applications are studies to demonstrate the proficiency and utility of the main results.
Oscillation of Solutions of Nonlinear Difference Equation With a Super-linear Neutral Term
Authors: Dharuman C. , Thandapani E. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract This paper deals with the oscillation of solutions of certain class of neutral difference equation ∆(an∆(χn + pnχαn−k)) + qnχβn+1−l = 0, where α and β are ratio of odd positive integers. New sufficient conditions are obtained for the oscillation of studied equation and examples illustrating the main results are provided.
Facile synthesis of preformed mixed nano-carbon structure from low rank coal
Authors: Manoj B. , Raj Ashlin M. , Chirayil George Thomas 
Published: May 2018

Abstract Coal is a natural energy resource which is mainly used for energy production via combustion. Coal has nanocrystals embedded in it, formed during the coalification process, and is an ideal precursor for nano-carbon dots and diamonds. Herein, we report a facile top-down method to synthesise nanodots and diamonds of the size of 5 nm to 10 nm from three different types of coal by simple chemical leaching. TEM analysis revealed the formation of a mixture of carbon dots, graphene layers, and quantum dots in bituminous coal and sub-bituminous coal. Raman analysis confirmed the existence of synthesized nanodiamond and nano-carbon mixed phase with defects associated with it. It is concluded that graphene quantum dots, nanodiamonds, graphene sheets and carbon dots present in coal can be extracted by simple chemical treatment. These structures can be tuned to photoluminescent material for various optoelectronic applications or energy harvesting devices like super capacitors.