bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Nr4a Receptors Enhances Antitumor Immunity by Breaking Treg-Mediated Immune Tolerance
Authors: Hibino Sana , Chikuma Shunsuke , Kondo Taisuke , Ito Minako , Nakatsukasa Hiroko , Omata-Mise Setsuko , Yoshimura Akihiko 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Enhanced infiltration of regulatory T cells (Treg) into tumor tissue is detrimental to patients with cancer and is closely associated with poor prognosis as they create an immunosuppressive state that suppresses antitumor immune responses. Therefore, breaking Treg-mediated immune tolerance is important when considering cancer immunotherapy. Here, we show that the Nr4a nuclear receptors, key transcription factors maintaining Treg genetic programs, contribute to Treg-mediated suppression of antitumor immunity in the tumor microenvironment. Mice lacking Nr4a1 and Nr4a2 genes specifically in Tregs showed resistance to tumor growth in transplantation models without exhibiting any severe systemic autoimmunity. The chemotherapeutic agent camptothecin and a common cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor were found to inhibit transcriptional activity and induction of Nr4a factors, and they synergistically exerted antitumor effects. Genetic inactivation or pharmacologic inhibition of Nr4a factors unleashed effector activities of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and evoked potent antitumor immune responses. These findings demonstrate that inactivation of Nr4a in Tregs breaks immune tolerance toward cancer, and pharmacologic modulation of Nr4a activity may be a novel cancer treatment strategy targeting the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
Significance: This study reveals the role of Nr4a transcription factors in Treg-mediated tolerance to antitumor immunity, with possible therapeutic implications for developing effective anticancer therapies. Cancer Res; 78(11); 3027–40. ©2018 AACR.
The Conundrum of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Cancer Prevention Studies: Which One? How Much? What Biomarkers?
Authors: Fabian Carol J. , Kimler Bruce F. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Marine omega-3 fatty acids promote resolution of inflammation and have potential to reduce risk of obesity-related breast cancer. For prevention trials in obese women, inflammatory cytokines, aromatase, and measures of breast immune cell infiltration are logical, as are biomarkers of growth factor, adipokine, and estrogen signaling. Where best to look for marker change: in the circulation (easiest), in benign breast tissue (most relevant), or in visceral adipose (inflammation often most marked)? A null biomarker modulation trial may reflect limitations in design, source and dose of fatty acids, or biomarkers and should not lead to premature abandonment of marine omega-3 fatty acids for cancer prevention. Cancer Prev Res; 11(4); 187–90. ©2018 AACR.
See related article by Gucalp et al., p. 203
The Idiolect Test and the Vorlage of Old Greek Job
Authors: Eckstein Juliane 
Published: March 2018

AbstractOld Greek Job (ogJob) is by one sixth shorter than itsmtcounterpart, which most scholars attribute to the translator, not to a shorter Vorlage. Most arguments however, are circular, since they rely on an evaluation of the translation technique, which is difficult to determine with an unknown Vorlage of the translation. This paper presents a way of sidestepping this problem, by employing the Idiolect Test. In a study, Hebrew idiolect items were compiled and studied for their distribution withinmtJob. Those items hint at a specific language use of one author, or of a small group of authors. The result shows that there is nomtJob idiolect coinciding with the non-translated passages of theogversion. This supports the majority opinion: theogtranslator worked from a long Vorlage and was responsible for the omissions.
Contemporary Notions of Childhood and the Function of Children’s Media in Palestine
Authors: Awan Feryal 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
This paper maps out constructions of childhood as reflected in debates about the provision children’s media and various screen-based initiatives in the West Bank. It identifies key issues affecting children’s media in Palestine, through an analysis of the changing discourses of childhood in Palestinian society and the ways in which these discourses are articulated in academic and public debates, and in strategies for children’s screen media. Analysis and findings are based on fieldwork undertaken in April and May 2014; this included participant observation and interviews with stakeholders in the children’s cultural sector in the West Bank cities of Ramallah and Nablus. In this paper, I conclude that protectionist discourses based on western Romantic and Lockean constructions of childhood dominate discussion on childhood and the media, and hence children’s television space is ‘occupied’ by adults (parents and producers). Children are constructed as vulnerable and passive victims of their society and are not credited with possessing the tools to play an active role in their own learning.
Disney in Doha
Authors: Pike Kirsten 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
This article explores the ways that Al Jazeera’s Jeem TV—an Arabic channel aimed at preteens in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA)—increasingly relies on content from Disney to fill its schedule, while also adapting it to better reflect cultural norms and sensitivities in the Arab Gulf. Specifically, the essay examines how Jeem’s rewriting, re-editing and dubbing strategies are transforming the gendered meanings of Disney films and TV shows in both constructive and restrictive ways. While previous scholarship has shed crucial light on young peoples’ negotiations with Disney content (Lemish et al. 1998; Lemish and Reznik 2011; Wasko, Phillips and Meehan 2001), little is known about Middle Eastern Arab girls’ responses to original and censored versions of Disney media—which, in the latter case, are being redesigned for their benefit. Through close analysis of Jeem’s Disney offerings and research with Arab female college students in Doha, my analysis aims to fill this gap. In the process, it highlights Arab girls’ diverse (and sometimes resistant) negotiations with gendered contradictions in Jeem’s output—thus underscoring the challenges faced by children’s television producers in the region as they endeavor to balance local stories (and traditions) with popular global entertainment.
Unmaking the Arab/Muslim Child
Authors: Mansour Nisrine 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Recent interest in Arab child audiences is mostly related to the penetration of digital media to the Arab region and the rise of discourses on ‘counterterrorism’, Islamic radicalization and Islamophobia. More often than not, audience-focused inquiry has adopted, as a starting point, the uniform default category of ‘Arab/Muslim’. As these analytical categories are conflated, the implications of such teleological epistemologies cannot be missed. In this article, I dislocate these ontological and epistemological assumptions about Arab child audiences by refocusing the inquiry on children’s own processes of meaning-making amid their negotiations of socioeconomic, political, migratory and media ecologies. This inquiry, conducted between 2013 and 2015, explores these spaces by zooming into the findings of ethnographic research and playful interventions with two Syrian and Palestinian children living in the two contrastive migratory settings of Beirut and London. This micro-analysis questions dominant understandings of Arab childhood and screen media use today, and discusses the potential for adopting a multifaceted approach to the inquiry.
‘Look into My Eyes’: Music, Religion, and the Politics of Muslim Youth in Norway
Authors: Jacobsen Christine M. , Vestel Viggo 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn this article we explore the role of music in shaping and publicizing religious and political subjectivities and belonging among young Muslims in Norway. The article discusses practices of producing and listening to music in light of theories about ‘counterpublics’ and their soundscapes, the religious and the secular, and majority-minority relations. Musical soundscapes produced and consumed by young Muslims, the article argues, give voice to experiences and sentiments that are marginalized within mainstream cultural productions, and articulate both consensus and dissensus with national political institutions’ concepts and norms.
“I Have Dutch Nationality, But Others Do Not See Me as a Dutchman, of Course”
Authors: Visser-Vogel Elsbeth , de Kock Jos , Bakker Cok , Barnard Marcel 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis interview study examines the attitudes of orthoprax young Muslim adults in the Netherlands toward their context, by distinguishing their perceptions of society and their participation in society. In this study, we discover that orthoprax young Muslim adults oppose themselves to Dutch society and do not feel really connected to it. However, most of the time, they participate in society by having jobs, studying and having friends. We also see that respondents are particularly active in and involved with their own Islamic community. Respondents in many cases do not link their religious identity to their participation in society. This study shows three different styles of linking religion to participation: “Participating as far as Islam allows,” “Religion is very personal and individual,” and “Bridging the gap.” We discuss what the reason is for not linking religious identity to participation.
Effect of Risk and Protective Decision Aids on Flood Preparation in Vulnerable Communities
Authors: Wong-Parodi Gabrielle , Fischhoff Baruch , Strauss Benjamin 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Although the risks of flooding demand responses by communities and societies, there are also many cost-effective actions that individuals can take. The authors examine two potential determinants of such adoption: individual predisposition to act and the impact of decision aids that emphasize the risk, the actions, both, or neither (control). Respondents are a representative sample (N = 1201) of individuals in the areas most heavily affected by Superstorm Sandy in 2012. The authors find that, in the overall sample, seeing protective actions coupled with risk information or alone produced higher rates of individuals reporting that they intended to take action preparing for future storms, compared to a control group receiving no additional information. Moreover, that occurred despite the aids reducing their perceptions of risk. The authors find that individuals who reported having taken previous action are more responsive to decision aid messages with the exception of the combined message (risk and protective actions)—which had a positive effect on those who had not acted previously, but a negative effect on those who had. These results suggest that, in communities that already are aware of their flood risks, the critical need is for authoritative, comprehensible information regarding the most feasible and cost-effective protective actions that they can take. Providing such information requires analysis to determine which actions qualify and a design process that incorporates user feedback to ensure that recommendations are easily understood and credible.
Patterns of Migraine Disease in Otolaryngology: A CHEER Network Study
Authors: Schulz Kristine A. , Esmati Elnaz , Godley Frederick A. , Hill Claude L. , Monfared Ashkan , Teixido Michael , Tucci Debara L. , Witsell David L. 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveTo evaluate the prevalence of migraine disease in an otolaryngologic cohort and migraine‐related otologic and sinonasal symptoms in this population.Study DesignCross‐sectional study utilizing the CHEER (Creating Healthcare Excellence through Education and Research) network for recruitment.SettingPatients were recruited in a cross‐sectional and pragmatic manner in 14 CHEER sites between June 2015 and March 2017 (9 academic, 5 community based).Subjects and MethodsPatients were included if they were aged ≥18 years and seen for any concern that was not head and neck cancer. Patients with any history of brain abnormality or headaches that began within 2 weeks of a medical illness, trauma, or head injury were excluded. Patients were screened for migraine with a validated instrument. If they screened positive on the Migraine Assessment Tool (MAT+), the subjects also filled out validated and custom questionnaires for sinonasal, otologic, and migraine‐specific symptoms.ResultsOf 1458 patients screened, 235 (16.1%) screened positive for migraine (MAT+), which is higher than general population (13%, P <. 001). The MAT+ group was significantly younger (47.2 vs 55.6 years of age, P <. 001) and predominantly women (80.0% vs 55.9%, P <. 001). The MAT+ cohort commonly reported ear‐ and sinus‐related symptoms, such as tinnitus (70.5%), ear pressure (61.9%), balance problems (82%), facial pressure (85%), and rhinorrhea (49.9%). There were significantly higher levels of sinus burden with higher levels of dizziness handicap, Jonckheere‐Terpstra test = 11,573.00, z = 7.471, P <. 001.ConclusionMigraine disease has a higher prevalence in an otolaryngologic cohort than in the general population, presenting with a high rate of sinonasal and otologic symptoms that may be due to or exacerbated by migraines.
CHA2DS2-VASc score for prediction of ischemic stroke in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus without atrial fibrillation
Authors: Hu W-S , Lin C-L 
Published: March 2018

Objective We conducted this study to assess the role of CHA2DS2-VASc score in predicting ischemic stroke among systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients without atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods We selected the SLE patients from the Registry of Catastrophic Illnesses Patient Database in Taiwan. We excluded the SLE patients with AF or atrial flutter. The patients were followed up until the occurrence of ischemic stroke, censored for death or withdrawal from the dataset, or the end of follow-up. Cox models were performed to obtain the hazard ratios (HRs) and the 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of ischemic stroke associated with the CHA2DS2-VASc score. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was generated to evaluate the predictive ability of CHA2DS2-VASc score for ischemic stroke in SLE patients without AF. Results A total of 11,962 study participants were included in this study. The incidence of ischemic stroke increased from 4.00 per 1000 person-years (PYs) for patients with a CHA2DS2-VASc score of 0 to 87.4 per 1000 PYs for those with a CHA2DS2-VASc score of ≧6. Moreover, patients with a CHA2DS2-VASc score of ≧2 were 3.98-fold (95% CI 3.15–5.04) more likely to develop ischemic stroke than those with a CHA2DS2-VASc score of <2 (14.0 vs. 2.99 per 1000 PYs). ROC curve analysis of the CHA2DS2-VASc score demonstrated a moderate discrimination power for ischemic stroke development with a c-statistic of 0.65(95% CI 0.62–0.69). Conclusions We found that a CHA2DS2-VASc score greater than or equal to 2 in SLE patients without AF is associated with a significantly higher rate of ischemic stroke.
Information Exchange and Policy Adoption Decisions in the Context of U.S. State Energy Policy
Authors: Nicholson-Crotty Sean , Carley Sanya 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA persistent question in the literature on policy adoption and diffusion focuses on the ways in which jurisdictions gather policy information. Decades of research have offered numerous conclusions regarding knowledge transfer mechanisms assumed to drive diffusion. While important, we suggest that the characteristics of existing work may have limited what we know about the exchange of policy information among peers. Most studies infer learning indirectly, and as a result, the literature has tended to focus on exchange between geographic and ideological peers, to the exclusion of other channels. As an alternative, this study takes a more direct approach and draws on a survey of 112 U.S. expert informants in the area of energy policy. We use the information exchange channels revealed by these informants to predict the diffusion of state renewable portfolio standards and electricity deregulation among the American states to determine whether they offer explanatory leverage beyond the “traditional” channels.
Staff Perspectives of Barriers to Access and Delivery of Palliative Care for Persons With Dementia in Long-Term Care
Authors: Hill Emily , Savundranayagam Marie Y. , Zecevic Aleksandra , Kloseck Marita 
Published: March 2018

Dementia is a syndrome that is progressive, degenerative, and terminal. The palliative care philosophy aims to maximize quality of life for the dying individual and is both beneficial for and underused with persons dying with dementia. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the experiences of long-term care staff delivering palliative care to individuals with dementia to determine how care was delivered, to learn which guidelines were used, and whether policies affected the delivery of palliative care. Methods: Twenty-two staff participants were interviewed. Their experiences were interpreted using phenomenological methodology. Results: Findings yielded 3 key themes: confusion, resource shortages, and communication difficulties. Conclusion: Implications for practice include clarification of terminology surrounding palliative care, education of families about dementia and palliative care, better resource management, and the need to address when palliative care best fits within the dementia process.
Sonographic study of repair, gapping and tendon bowstringing after primary flexor digitorum profundus repair in zone 2
Authors: Reissner Lisa , Zechmann-Mueller Nadja , Klein Holger Jan , Calcagni Maurizio , Giesen Thomas 
Published: March 2018

We report sonographic findings with clinical outcomes after zone 2 flexor digitorum profundus tendon repairs in ten fingers. The tendons underwent a six-strand M-Tang core repair, no circumferential suture, and partial or complete division of the pulleys. Over 12 months after surgery and using ultrasound, we found no gapping at the repair site during finger motion. When the pulleys were divided, there was sonographic evidence of tendon bowstringing, but the bowstringing was minimal. Clinically, we did not find any fingers that displayed tendon bowstringing or had functional loss. With ultrasound examination, the repaired tendons remained enlarged over 12 months. Two patients developed heterotopic ossifications at the repair site without tendon gliding, and these required tenolysis. We conclude that the tendon repair site does not gap when a strong core suture is used in the repair without adding peripheral sutures. There is no notable tendon bowstringing clinically, though the repaired tendons have sonographic evidence of minor bowstringing. Level of evidence: III
Neuroticism and suicide in a general population cohort: results from the UK Biobank Project
Authors: Peters Evyn M. , John Ann , Bowen Rudy , Baetz Marilyn , Balbuena Lloyd 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundNeuroticism has often been linked to suicidal thoughts and behaviour.AimsTo examine whether neuroticism is associated with suicide deaths after adjusting for known risks.MethodUK Biobank participants (n = 389 365) were assessed for neuroticism as well as social, demographic and health-related variables at study entry and followed for up to 10 years. Suicide risk was modelled using Cox regression stratified by gender.ResultsNeuroticism increased the risk of suicide in both men (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.15, 95% CI 1.09–1.22) and women (HR = 1.16, 95% CI 1.06–1.27). In a subsample who were assessed for mood disorders, neuroticism remained a significant predictor for women (HR 1.25, 95% CI 1.03–1.51) but not for men.ConclusionsScreening and therapeutic interventions for neuroticism may be important for early suicide prevention.Declaration of interestNone.
Stem Cell Transplantation for Light Chain Amyloidosis: Decreased Early Mortality Over Time
Authors: Sidiqi M Hasib , Aljama Mohammed A. , Buadi Francis K. , Warsame Rahma M. , Lacy Martha Q. , Dispenzieri Angela , Dingli David , Gonsalves Wilson I. , Kumar Shaji , Kapoor Prashant , Kourelis Taxiarchis , Hogan William J. , Gertz Morie A. 
Published: March 2018

Purpose Autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) has been used in patients with immunoglobulin light chain (AL) amyloidosis for more than two decades. Early experience raised concerns regarding safety with high early-mortality rates. Patients and Methods We report 20 years of experience with ASCT for AL amyloidosis at the Mayo Clinic Rochester. In all, 672 consecutive patients receiving ASCT for AL amyloidosis were divided into three cohorts on the basis of date of transplantation (cohort 1, 1996-2002 [n = 124]; cohort 2, 2003-2009 [n = 302]; and cohort 3, 2010-2016 [n = 246]). Results The median age for the entire cohort was 59 years, with patients in cohort 3 being slightly older than those in the other two cohorts (60 v 58 v 54 years for cohorts 3, 2, and 1, respectively; P < .001). Fewer patients in cohort 3 had more than two organs involved (9% v 18% v 19% for cohorts 3, 2, and 1, respectively; P < .001). More patients received pretransplantation therapy in cohort 3 compared with earlier time periods (49% v 38% v 42% for cohorts 3, 2, and 1, respectively; P = .02). Hematologic response was higher in cohort 3 (84% v 79% v 69% for cohorts 3, 2, and 1, respectively; P = .002). Median overall survival for the entire cohort was 122 months and improved over time (not reached v 120 months v 75 months for cohorts 3, 2, and 1, respectively; P < .001). Treatment-related mortality declined over time (2.4% v 8.6% v 14.5% for cohorts 3, 2, and 1, respectively; P < .001). On multivariable analysis, conditioning dose, Mayo stage 2012, and hematologic response were independent predictors of survival. Conclusion ASCT is a highly effective therapy for AL amyloidosis. The improved survival and markedly reduced treatment-related mortality in eligible patients indicate that this will remain an important first-line option even in the era of treatment approaches that use novel agents.
From success to human waste management: Class, family and traces of neo-liberalism in the Finnish films Beauty and the Bastard and Bad Family
Authors: Römpötti Tommi 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Generational conflict is at the core of youth films. In several films in the 2000s, this conflict has been connected to the ethos of neo-liberalism. This article presents two Finnish fiction films, Dome Karukoski’s Tyttö sinä olet tähti (Beauty and the Bastard) (2005) and Aleksi Salmenperä’s Paha perhe (Bad Family) (2010), as examples of the ways in which films in the changing Nordic welfare state, and under the prevailing ethos of neo-liberalism, function as a technology of class, i.e. how they negotiate the class divisions in contemporary society. The films, depicting the generation conflict within a middle-class and an upper middle-class family, are analysed in the context of hardening neo-liberal attitudes arising from the competitive efforts of individuals to achieve or sustain a successful position. The families in the films are understood to be miniature societies relating how young people negotiate the constraints of the dominant neo-liberal ethos. Both films represent a critical view towards generational continuity and a success story as the only acceptable option; however, as they also depict a shift from success to human waste management, they represent different attitudes towards neo-liberalism.