bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Malignant Lymph Node Involvement in paediatric patients: Analysis of 217 Cases
Authors: Polev G. A. , Oganesyan R. S. , Yaremenko E. Yu. , Grachev N. S. 
Published: November 2024

Introduction. Diagnosing cervical lymphadenopathy in children with a history of oncological or immunopathological conditions is challenging, often resulting in overtreatment. This study analyses ultrasound-based differential diagnostics for lymphadenopathy in this patient group.Aim. To improve diagnostic accuracy for cervical lymphadenopathy in children with a history of oncological or immunopathological conditions.Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis was performed on clinical and demographic data from 217 paediatric patients diagnosed with cervical lymphadenopathy. These patients underwent excisional lymph node biopsy and/or lymphadenectomy between December 2017 and December 2022. The cohort was divided into Group A (benign lymphadenopathy; n = 92) and Group B (malignant lymphadenopathy; n = 125).Results. Significant predictors of malignant lymphadenopathy were identified, including “Lymph Node Configuration Index ≤ 2” (increasing the odds by 4.4–5.1 times), “Short Axis of Lymph Node > 10 mm” (OR 2.5–2.8), “Specific Therapy Prior to Lymph Node Removal” (OR 6.9–7.2), “Absence of Lymph Node Differentiation” (OR 2.2–2.4), “Presence of Intranodal Microcalcifications” (OR 14.1–16.3), “Increased Vascularisation of the Lymph Node” (OR 2.0–2.6), “Overall Hypoechogenicity” (OR 2.4), and “Formation of Conglomerates” (OR 3.6). Predictive models integrating these factors demonstrated strong accuracy, with an informational capacity of 81.1% (p < 0.001), sensitivity between 79.3% and 82.6%, and specificity from 80.0% to 82.4%.Discussion. The comprehensive analysis of predictive factors for malignant lymphadenopathy in patients with a history of oncological or immunopathological diseases suggests that no single ultrasound risk factor should be the sole basis for differential diagnosis, supporting earlier findings.Conclusion. The predictive models provide a standardised, robust approach for assessing malignant lymph node involvement, improving diagnostic accuracy in paediatric patients with oncological or immunopathological histories.
The effect of liraglutide therapy on body weight and carbohydrate metabolism and lipid profile in obese children
Authors: Sharshova O. G. , Chubarov T. V. , Peterkova V. A. , Zhdanova O. A. 
Published: November 2024

Introduction. The analogue of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), liraglutide, has been shown to be effective in reducing body weight. Its effect on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism is still being studied.Aim. To assess the dynamics of body weight, carbohydrate metabolism and lipid profile in obese children using liraglutide.Materials and methods. A single-center, prospective study was conducted to evaluate the use of liraglutide in children aged 12 to 18 years with constitutional exogenous obesity over a period of 12 months. The decrease in body weight, the standard deviation of the body mass index (SDS BMI) and the dynamics of laboratory parameters (glucose, insulin, lipid profile) were evaluated. Results. A decrease in SDS BMI by 0.25 or more was noted in 23 children (71.8%, group 1). Weight loss in group 1 patients was observed from 1 to 8 months of therapy. In group 1 patients, there was a significant decrease in glucose values from 5.0 ± 0.4 to 4.6 ± 0.5 mmol/l (p < 0.0001), fasting insulin from 13.0 ± 7.6 to 8.3 ± 5.7 mMU/l (p = 0.004), HOMA-IR insulin resistance index from 3.4 ± 2.0 to 1.9 ± 1.5 (p = 0.0008). In group 2 patients, who did not experience weight loss, there was a significant reduction in serum cholesterol levels from 4.4 ± 0.8 mmol/l to 3.3 ± 1.6 mmol/l (p = 0.02) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels from 2.1 ± 0.6 mmol/l to 1.7 ± 0.6 mmol/l (p = 0.014).Discussion. In our study, as in previous studies, there was no effect of gender, age, and degree of obesity on the effectiveness of treatment. The obtained significant changes in carbohydrate metabolism and lipid profile in obese children after liraglutide therapy had not been previously observed.Conclusions. In the group of children who did not lose body weight, there was an improvement in lipid metabolism, which requires an additional assessment of the effect of GPP-1 agonists on metabolism. More research is needed to identify factors that affect the effectiveness of liraglutide treatment.
Features of the transition of newborn children with pathology from tube feeding to breastfeeding
Authors: Aksenov D. V. , Zakharova N. I. , Lavrentev S. N. , Goryunova A. D. , Ryumina I. I. 
Published: November 2024

Introduction. Successful breastfeeding is possible if the child has a mature sucking reflex and coordination of sucking, swallowing and breathing. Violation of these coordinated functions can lead to a high risk of apnea, bradycardia, and aspiration.Аim. To determine the factors influencing the transition from probe feeding to bottle feeding and breastfeeding in newborns. The study included 30 newborns of different gestational age and body weight.Material and methods. To assess the activity of sucking, the Oral Feeding Scale was also used, proposed for premature infants, and reflecting the functional features of sucking, swallowing and breathing of sick newborns.Results and discussion. The transition from tube feeding to bottle feeding with a nipple and the time required for successful transition to breastfeeding was longest in 5 children of gestational age (GA) 28–30 weeks, with perinatal hypoxic-ischemic CNS damage and infectious diseases, The second maturity level (PRO < 30% and RT ≥ 1.5 ml/min) was detected in 3 children aged 31–32 weeks with a similar combined pathology. The third maturity level (PRO ≥30% and RT <1.5 ml/min) was established in 3 children with combined perinatal pathology at GW 33–34 weeks. The most mature level of sucking is in full-term newborns and late preterm infants from 35 weeks of GA with PRO ≥ 30% and RT ≥ 1.5 ml/min.Conclusion. The study of the rate of sucking and the proportion of nutrition sucked in 5 minutes, the total amount of absorbed nutrition and the number of days from the beginning to complete self-feeding are effective criteria for the transfer of sick newborns from probe feeding to breastfeeding, including those with neurological disorders, which allowed 83% of sick children to be transferred for breastfeeding.
Políticas de Avaliação e Regulação da Educação Superior para as IES estaduais:
Authors: Brandalise Mary Ângela Teixeira Angela Teixeira , Borges Regilson Maciel , Oliveira Maria Eliza Nogueira Oliveira Nogueira , Silva Nadja Fonsêca da 
Published: November 2024

Resumo: Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar o processo de normatização das políticas de avaliação e regulação da educação superior das IES no âmbito dos Conselhos Estaduais de Educação (CEE), em interface com a política nacional de avaliação da educação superior definida pelo SINAES. A pesquisa, de abordagem qualitativa do tipo estudo de casos múltiplos, aborda por meio da análise documental, como os CEE traduzem e recontextualizam a política de avaliação e regulação da educação superior para as IES a eles jurisdicionadas. Embora atendam o SINAES, a trajetória e composição dos CEE pesquisados apresentam características distintas, revelando ações próprias em seus processos avaliativos e regulatórios no âmbito da educação superior estadual.
供水管网系统提升与漏损控制
Authors: Hamilton Stuart , Charalambous Bambos , Wyeth Gary 
Published: November 2024

管理供水管网漏损并提升供水系统性能 是全球多数水司面临的重大挑战。有时，这些水司可能设定了过于宏伟的目标，而当这些“不切实际”的目标未能达成 时，往往会被视为失败。然而，这种“失 败”实际上是一种对预期成果的过度期 望，而非真正的失败。
本书旨在协助水司明确其在“漏失阶梯” 中的位置，并识别迈向下一阶段所需的 关键条件。本书将向您展示水司在降低 漏损过程中应追求的具体目标，以及需 要达成的关键指标。书中不仅提供了有 关无收益水量问题的深入分析和解决方 案，还包含了丰富的实践案例研究。
The English edition of this book is on our website here: https://iwaponline.com/ebooks/book/819/Improving-Water-Supply-Networks-Fit-for-Purpose
ISBN: 9781789064995 (eBook)
PENGARUH IKLAN/AKTIF SOSIAL MEDIA, WORD OF MOUTH, DAN PELAYANAN TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN MUZAKKI DALAM MEMBAYAR ZAKAT (STUDI KASUS LEMBAGA AMIL ZAKAT SAHABAT MUSTAHIQ KOTA KEDIRI)
Authors: Ardiansyah Febrico Candra , Muttaqin Aminnullah Achmad 
Published: November 2024

The collection of zakat in Indonesia has significantly increased from 2020 to 2022, but it has not yet met the expected targets. This study identifies the factors influencing muzakki decisions in paying zakat at the Amil Zakat Institution (LAZ) Sahabat Mustahiq in Kediri City, namely advertising, social media activities, word of mouth, and service. This research uses a quantitative approach with explanatory research. Primary data was collected from 112 active muzakki respondents selected randomly and analyzed using multiple linear regression methods with the help of SPSS. The findings show that advertising, social media activities, word of mouth, and service significantly influence muzakki decisions in paying zakat. The conclusion of this study highlights the importance of communication strategies and service quality in maximizing zakat potential. The implication of this research is that increasing public awareness about zakat and its management can support government programs in reducing poverty. This study contributes to understanding muzakki behavior and can be used as a reference for LAZ in optimizing zakat collection through effective marketing strategies.

Kata Kunci : Keputusan Muzakki; Zakat; Iklan; Media Sosial; Word of Mouth; Pelayanan
Exploring the Social Media Discussion of Breast Cancer Treatment Choices: Quantitative Natural Language Processing Study
Authors: Spiegel Daphna Y , Friesner Isabel D , Zhang William , Zack Travis , Yan Gianna , Willcox Julia , Prionas Nicolas , Singer Lisa , Park Catherine , Hong Julian C 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Early-stage breast cancer has the complex challenge of carrying a favorable prognosis with multiple treatment options, including breast-conserving surgery (BCS) or mastectomy. Social media is increasingly used as a source of information and as a decision tool for patients, and awareness of these conversations is important for patient counseling.

Objective
The goal of this study was to compare sentiments and associated emotions in social media discussions surrounding BCS and mastectomy using natural language processing (NLP).

Methods
Reddit posts and comments from the Reddit subreddit r/breastcancer and associated metadata were collected using pushshift.io. Overall, 105,231 paragraphs across 59,416 posts and comments from 2011 to 2021 were collected and analyzed. Paragraphs were processed through the Apache Clinical Text Analysis Knowledge Extraction System and identified as discussing BCS or mastectomy based on physician-defined Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT) concepts. Paragraphs were analyzed with a VADER (Valence Aware Dictionary for Sentiment Reasoning) compound sentiment score (ranging from −1 to 1, corresponding to negativity or positivity) and GoEmotions scores (0‐1) corresponding to the intensity of 27 different emotions and neutrality.

Results
Of the 105,231 paragraphs, there were 7306 (6.94% of those analyzed) paragraphs mentioning BCS and mastectomy (2729 and 5476, respectively). Discussion of both increased over time, with BCS outpacing mastectomy. The median sentiment score for all discussions analyzed in aggregate became more positive over time. In specific analyses by topic, positive sentiments for discussions with mastectomy mentions increased over time; however, discussions with BCS-specific mentions did not show a similar trend and remained overall neutral. Compared to BCS, conversations about mastectomy tended to have more positive sentiments. The most commonly identified emotions included neutrality, gratitude, caring, approval, and optimism. Anger, annoyance, disappointment, disgust, and joy increased for BCS over time.

Conclusions
Patients are increasingly participating in breast cancer therapy discussions with a web-based community. While discussions surrounding mastectomy became increasingly positive, BCS discussions did not show the same trend. This mirrors national clinical trends in the United States, with the increasing use of mastectomy over BCS in early-stage breast cancer. Recognizing sentiments and emotions surrounding the decision-making process can facilitate patient-centric and emotionally sensitive treatment recommendations.
Analyzing Patient Experience on Weibo: Machine Learning Approach to Topic Modeling and Sentiment Analysis
Authors: Chen Xiao , Shen Zhiyun , Guan Tingyu , Tao Yuchen , Kang Yichen , Zhang Yuxia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Social media platforms allow individuals to openly gather, communicate, and share information about their interactions with health care services, becoming an essential supplemental means of understanding patient experience.

Objective
We aimed to identify common discussion topics related to health care experience from the public’s perspective and to determine areas of concern from patients’ perspectives that health care providers should act on.

Methods
This study conducted a spatiotemporal analysis of the volume, sentiment, and topic of patient experience–related posts on the Weibo platform developed by Sina Corporation. We applied a supervised machine learning approach including human annotation and machine learning–based models for topic modeling and sentiment analysis of the public discourse. A multiclassifier voting method based on logistic regression, multinomial naïve Bayes, and random forest was used.

Results
A total of 4008 posts were manually classified into patient experience topics. A patient experience theme framework was developed. The accuracy, precision, recall, and F-measure of the method integrating logistic regression, multinomial naïve Bayes, and random forest for patient experience themes were 0.93, 0.95, 0.80, 0.77, and 0.84, respectively, indicating a satisfactory prediction. The sentiment analysis revealed that negative sentiment posts constituted the highest proportion (3319/4008, 82.81%). Twenty patient experience themes were discussed on the social media platform. The majority of the posts described the interpersonal aspects of care (2947/4008, 73.53%); the five most frequently discussed topics were “health care professionals’ attitude,” “access to care,” “communication, information, and education,” “technical competence,” and “efficacy of treatment.”

Conclusions
Hospital administrators and clinicians should consider the value of social media and pay attention to what patients and their family members are communicating on social media. To increase the utility of these data, a machine learning algorithm can be used for topic modeling. The results of this study highlighted the interpersonal and functional aspects of care, especially the interpersonal aspects, which are often the “moment of truth” during a service encounter in which patients make a critical evaluation of hospital services.
Digital Solutions for Health Services and Systems Management: Narrative Review of Certified Software Features in the Brazilian Market
Authors: Bellei Ericles Andrei , Domenighi Pedro Rafael , Freitas Carla Maria Dal Sasso , De Marchi Ana Carolina Bertoletti 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The paper reviews digital solutions for health services management in Brazil, focusing on certified software features. It reveals the integration of various functionalities in operational, financial, and clinical needs simultaneously, which are critical for enhancing operational efficiency and patient care. This study highlights the integration of critical features like interoperability, compliance management, and data-driven decision support, although advancing innovation and integration remains essential for broader impact.
Paradoxically high rise in CD4 lymphocyte count in the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in a patient with tuberculosis and HIV infection
Authors: Borovitsky V. S. , Frolova O. P. 
Published: November 2024

The number of patients with HIV infection in the Russian Federation is increasing, which requires wider implementation of antiretroviral therapy and, accordingly, criteria for assessing its effectiveness.Purpose of the study. To present for consideration a clinical case of tuberculosis combined with HIV infection, with a paradoxically high increase in the number of CD4 lymphocytes in the inﬂammatory syndrome of immune reconstitution, which does not meet the accepted criteria for assessing the effectiveness of treatment.Materials and methods. Dynamic monitoring of the results of treatment of a patient with tuberculosis combined with HIV infection. Research methods: clinical, radiological, laboratory and microbiological.Results and its discussion. In a patient with tuberculosis combined with HIV infection, a paradoxically high increase in the number of CD4 lymphocytes (15 times) is possible with inﬂammatory syndrome of immune restoration, followed by a sharp decrease.Conclusion. Approaches to developing criteria for assessing the effectiveness of treatment for patients with tuberculosis combined with HIV infection require further research and additional recommendations.
Comparative analysis of socio-demographic characteristics of patients at the acute stage of HIV infection in the period 2008-2013 and 2018-2023
Authors: Obizhaeva E. S. , Sizova N. V. , Leonova O. N. , Chirskaya M. A. , Monakhov N. E. , Sereda E. Zh. , Maiorova S. O. 
Published: November 2024

Aim of the study: conducting a comparative analysis of the socio-demographic characteristics of patients with the acute phase of HIV infection at different periods of the epidemic with a difference of 10 years (2008–2013 and 2018–2022).Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of 142 inpatient case histories of the Botkin Clinical Hospital and outpatient cards of the St. Petersburg AIDS Center of patients in whom HIV infection was detected in the period from 2008–2013 and 110 outpatient cards of patients in whom HIV infection was detected in 2018–2022 was carried out. A comparative assessment of social and epidemiological data of patients in the acute stage of HIV infection at different periods of the epidemic was carried out.Results and discussion. The social proﬁle of a person who became infected with HIV in the period 2018–2022 has changed signiﬁcantly compared to the period 10 years ago. The proportion of women has increased from 33% to 38%. The average age has increased from 32.5 to 35.9 years. The parenteral route of infection has signiﬁcantly decreased from 23% to 5%. The percentage of oﬃcially employed people (from 68% to 91%) and those with higher education (from 27% to 45%) has increased.Conclusion. We conducted a comparative analysis of the socio-demographic characteristics of patients in the acute stage of HIV infection at different periods of the epidemic, as well as those infected in the periods 2008–2013 and 2018–2022. The data obtained indicate signiﬁcant changes in the «portrait» of a person infected at the present stage. The average age of the patient has signiﬁcantly increased. As a rule, this patient is employed and has a good education. All this must be taken into account when carrying out preventive measures.
Analysis of fatal cases of pneumocystis pneumonia in HIV-infected patients with COVID-19
Authors: Kireeva A. V. , Safonova A. E. , Karnaukhova E. Yu. , Karnaukhov E. V. , Lioznov D. A. 
Published: November 2024

The aim: to determine the impact of a new coronavirus infection on the course of pneumocystis pneumonia in patients with HIV infection.Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of 45 medical records of patients who died in the intensive care unit of the S. P. Botkin Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital between March 2020 and January 2023 was conducted. Of the 45 patients with Pneumocystis pneumonia, the new coronavirus infection was also veriﬁed in 26 patients. Anamnestic and clinical data, laboratory and instrumental research results, pathological ﬁndings were compared in groups of patients with Pneumocystis pneumonia with/without co-infection with COVID-19.Results and discussion. The patient groups were comparable in terms of gender, age, duration of HIV infection, severity of immunodeﬁciency, and intensity of HIV viremia. The main clinical manifestations (fever level, cough, signs of respiratory failure, auscultatory picture in the lungs), as well as the indicators of routine laboratory tests (hemogram, concentration of LDH, CRP, ferritin, D-dimer) did not differ statistically in the groups. The radiological picture of changes in the lungs was similar, as well as the duration of hospital stay (bed days) in the groups did not differ. Analysis of the results of pathological reports showed that in most cases (2⁄3of patients), COVID-19 did not have a signiﬁcant impact on the course and outcome of the disease, being a concomitant pathology. However, in every third patient, signs of viral pneumonia were postmortem along with speciﬁc Pneumocystis cystic lung damage.Conclusion. COVID-19 coronavirus infection in patients with pneumocystosis does not signiﬁcantly change the clinical picture, laboratory and radiological manifestations of pneumonia and in most cases does not affect its course and outcome. However, in a third of cases, coronavirus pneumonia was the cause of death along with pneumocystis.
HIV-associated non-hodgkin’s lymphomas
Authors: Klimova N. V. , Gaus A. A. , Ramzina A. O. , Bazhukhina I. V. 
Published: November 2024

The aim. Analysis of the development of the disease and complications, similarities and differences in clinical and radiation signs of non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (diffuse B-large cell lymphoma, Burkitt’s lymphoma, plasmoblastic lymphoma), both in HIV-positive and immunocompetent patients.Materials and methods. Within the framework of this study, data obtained by radiological examination methods of 125 patients with non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas who were treated in the period from 2016 to 2023 at the hematology department of the Surgut District Hospital were studied and analyzed.Results and discussion. In the group of patients with HIV infection, complaints upon admission were most often nonspeciﬁc and indicated an inﬂammatory process. HIV-NHL was characterized by: atypical localization, in most cases it was an extranodal lesion; the development of urgent conditions against the background of lymphoma. During the initial examination, HIVNHL was diagnosed at stage 3–4 of the malignant process. During the dynamic observation, a high frequency of secondary infection was noted: tuberculosis, CMV infection and fungal lesions. In the group of immunocompetent patients, the main location of NHL was the lymph nodes of the mediastinal group, the abdominal cavity. The malignant process was diagnosed mainly at 1–2 stages of the disease. The exception in this group was PBL, which in all cases was detected at stage 4 of the disease, was characterized by a large lesion volume, a high frequency of secondary infections and 100% mortality.Conclusion. When managing patients with HIV-NHL, it is necessary to perform multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) with intravenous contrast, which is highly sensitive, allows clinicians to accurately assess the extent of tumor spread, plan excisional biopsy, and evaluate the results of treatment.