bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crop Rotations and Poultry Litter Affect Dynamic Soil Chemical Properties and Soil Biota Long Term
Authors: Ashworth A. J. , Allen F. L. , DeBruyn J. M. , Owens P. R. , Sams C. 
Published: May 2018

Dynamic soil chemical interactions with conservation agricultural practices and soil biota are largely unknown. Therefore, this study aims to quantify long‐term (12‐yr) impacts of cover crops, poultry litter, crop rotations, no‐tillage, and their interactions on dynamic soil properties and to determine their relationships with nutrient cycling, crop yield, and soil biodiversity (soil microbial and earthworm communities). Main effects were 13 different cropping sequences of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], corn (Zea mays L.), and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) at the Research and Education Center at Milan, TN, and eight sequences of corn and soybean at the Middle Tennessee Research and Education Center, Spring Hill, TN. Sequences were repeated in 4‐yr phases from 2002 to 2014. Split‐block cover crop treatments consisted of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), poultry litter, and a fallow control. Soil C and nutrient fluxes were calculated at surface (0–5 cm) and subsurface (5–15 cm) layers during Years 0, 2, 4, 8, and 12. After 12 yr, weighted means (0–15 cm) of soil pH, P, K, Ca, Mg, total N, and C were greater under poultry litter‐amended soils compared with cover crops (P < 0.05). In addition, continuous corn sequences resulted in greater soil K, N, and C concentrations than soybean–soybean–corn–corn rotations (P < 0.05). Poultry litter treatments were positively correlated with greater soil fertility levels, as well as higher crop yield and soil biodiversity. These results underscore linkages between manure additions and cropping sequences, within the nutrient cycling, soil health, and crop production continuum.Core Ideas
Bio‐covers illicit greater soil property responses than crop rotations in upper horizons.
After 12 yr, cropping rotations affect subsurface physiochemical fluctuations.
Soil biodiversity was linked to poultry litter and high‐residue‐producing crops.
Poultry litter was the greatest driver for earthworm and microbe community structure.
Crop rotation diversity altered soil habitat by influencing nutrient status and residue.
Effects of Water Regimes on Methane Emissions in Peatland and Gley Marsh
Authors: Zhu Xiaoyan , Song Changchun , Chen Weiwei , Zhang Xinhou , Tao Baoxian 
Published: May 2018

Core Ideas
Large pulses of CH4 can be emitted during short‐duration drying–wetting episodes.
Peatland soils had higher CH4 emissions than gley marsh soils under a steady water table.
Accurate CH4 estimates should include weather events that cause rapid changes in soil moisture regimes.
The increasing frequency of extreme drought and intense precipitation events with global warming may affect CH4 emissions from different types of wetlands by regulating drying–wetting cycles. To determine the effects of different water regimes on CH4 emissions, a mesocosm experiment was conducted. Soil cores sampled from peatland and gley marsh were subjected to two drying–wetting cycles (i.e., fluctuating between −10 and 10 cm for 7 and 15 d, respectively) and three steady water table treatments (10, 0, and −10 cm). Alternation between drying and wetting stimulated CH4 emissions (F = 16.03 for 7 d and F = 31.85 for 15 d, P < 0.01). The highest emission pulses were observed between 4 and 9 d after the water table increased according to the models. Peak pulse emissions significantly increased by 41% in peatland and 109% in gley marsh after rewetting compared with that in the steady 0‐cm water table treatment. Peatland soils had higher CH4 emissions than gley marsh soils under steady water table treatments (P < 0.01). This study shows that large pulses of CH4 can be emitted during short‐duration drying–wetting episodes. If these pulses are not accounted for in budgets, CH4 emissions may be incorrectly assessed when comparing with field measurements during regularly spaced sampling intervals over only a few days or weeks by the static opaque chamber technique. Accurate estimates of CH4 budgets not only depend on increased measurement frequency but by necessity should incorporate weather events that cause rapid changes in the soil moisture regime.
THE REDOX POTENTIALS IN SMALL OLIGO AND MEROMICTIC LAKES
Authors: KJENSMO JOHANNES 
Published: May 2018

The redox potentials of lake water have been the subject of several investigations (Kusnetzow 1935, Pearsall & Mortimer 1939, Hutchinson, Deevey & Wollack 1939, Deevey 1941, Allgeier, Hafford & Juday 1941, Mortimer 1941-42). The ecological significance of the redox potentials is stressed in several of these works. The work of Mortimer (1941-42) also shows the importance of the seasonal variations in redox potentials for the liberation from the sediments of different important nutrients.
At present very little is known about the redox potential of the deep water in meromictic lakes. Allgeier, Hafford & Juday (1941) recorded vertical distribution of redox potential in one meromictic lake, Lake Mary, Wisconsin. The redox potential of the monimolimnion of Lake Mary varied from Eh = 0.140 volts at 8 m to Eh = 0.075 volts at 20.5 m. Hutchinson (1957) assumes it probable that other, but by no means all, meromictic lakes will be found to show a similar phenomenon.
In the present paper the vertical distribution of redox potential of the water of three meromictic and one oligomictic lake is described.
IRON METABOLISM IN TWO BASINS OF A LAKE NEAR OSLO, NORWAY
Authors: BØYUM ANDERS 
Published: May 2018

Langlivann and Himtjern are two basins in a lake situated on rocks poor in lime and with coniferous forest and bogs in the surroundings. The lake is fundamentally oligotrophic. The influence of allochthonous organic matter is shown by lake colours which are different shades of brown, and by water colours which at the surface are from 15 to 25 on the mg Pt/1 scale.
Some differences in hydrology and morphology make the thermal and oxygen stratifications different in the two basins. At certain periods iron is accumulated in great quantities in the deep water. The differences, both in time and depth, in oxygen concentration make it possible to study the influence of this element on the reduction/oxidation of iron. An attempt has been made to find the critical concentration of oxygen. The value found by Einsele (1940) in eutrophic lake water seems also to be valid in this dystrophic lake.
The development of dichotomous pH stratifications is shown. They seem to confirm the above statement.
Molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii in natural surface water bodies in Poland
Authors: Adamska M. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The aim of this study was molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii in 36 natural surface water bodies in Poland, including preliminary genotype identification and determination of co-occurrence of this parasite with other protozoa that have been detected in previous studies. The examined DNA samples were obtained before to detect Cryptosporidium, Giardia and free-living amoebae. Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based on B1 gene and sequencing was performed for both confirmation of parasite presence in water and genotype identification. T. gondii DNA was detected in 19.4% (7/36) water bodies, while in the case of other studies, T. gondii prevalence ranged between 0% and over 56%. These differences may be caused by natural variations in T. gondii occurrence as well as different sample volumes and methods of sample processing or DNA isolation and detection. Two cases of double contamination were reported: T. gondii with Cryptosporidium parvum and T. gondii with potentially pathogenic Acanthamoeba T4 genotype, thus there is a possibility of mixed infection in humans after occasional contact with water. Obtained T. gondii strains were genetically identical or closely similar (99.8%) to RH strain representing genotype I, however, further examinations involving more loci will be conducted to identify the genotype.
Efficient adsorption of benzoic acid from aqueous solution by nitrogen-containing activated carbon
Authors: Qin Hangdao , Xiao Rong , Zhang Renhui , Chen Jing 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Adsorption is an efficient treatment process to remove benzoic acid from aqueous solution. In this study, nitrogen-containing surface groups were introduced onto activated carbon (AC) surface by modification with ammonium hydroxide, ammonium carbonate, melamine or urea. The nitrogen-containing AC samples were characterized using N2 adsorption-desorption, Boehm titration, determination of the pH of the point of zero charge (pHpzc) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The adsorption of benzoic acid from aqueous solution by nitrogen-containing AC has been studied. The Langmuir model fitted the experimental data of equilibrium isotherms better than the Freundlich model. At initial solution pH 2.1, the adsorption capacity was closely related with the amount of pyridinic and pyrrolic N on the AC surface, which indicated these two nitrogen-containing groups played an important part in the adsorption process. The enhancement of adsorption capacity was due to the strengthened π–π dispersion force between benzoic acid and the AC basal plane. Since the surface charge of AC as well as the existence form of benzoic acid varied with solution pH value, the adsorption capacity was found to be highest at pH 3.8 and dropped sharply at higher or lower pH values.
Sorbinil, an Aldose Reductase Inhibitor, in Fighting Against Diabetic Complications
Authors: Huang Qi , Liu Qiong , Ouyang Dongsheng 
Published: May 2018

Background:
Aldose reductase (AR) is involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes, which
is one of the major threats to global public health.

Objective:
In this review article, we have discussed the role of sorbinil, an AR inhibitor (ARI), in
preventing diabetic complications.

Results:
AR contributes in diabetes by generating excess intracellular superoxide and other mediators
of oxidative stress through polyol pathway. Inhibition of AR activity thus might be a potential
approach for the management of diabetic complications. Experimental evidences indicated that
sorbinil can decrease AR activity and inhibit polyol pathway. Both in vitro and animal model studies
reported the efficacy of sorbinil in controlling the progression of diabetes. Moreover, Sorbinil
has been found to be comparatively safer than other ARIs for human use. But, it is still in earlyphase
testing for the treatment of diabetic complications clinically.

Conclusion:
Sorbinil is an effective ARI, which could play therapeutic role in treating diabetes
and diabetic complications. However, advanced clinical trials are required for sorbinil so that it
could be applied with the lowest efficacious dose in humans.
Pharmaceutical Drug Nanocrystals: Role in Dermal Delivery
Authors: Kumar Manish , Shanthi Nithya , Mahato Arun Kumar 
Published: May 2018

Introduction:
Nanocrystals constitutes of 100% drug and considered as a “new drug” by
Food and Drug Administration. It is proven to be an effective alternative for topical delivery of drug
with increased bioavailability. Recently formulation of the drug as nanocrystals has been accomplished
for many drugs exhibiting low aqueous solubility, ineffective permeability or both in order to increase
the dermal bioavailability.

Conclusion:
In this review article, an effort was made to explain the role of nanocrystals in the dermal
delivery of the drug which results in increased bioavailability and efficacy through enhancement of solubility,
dissolution velocity, permeation and penetration. Recently dermal delivery of the drug as nanocrystals
is a challenging method but explained by many researchers through their work. Preparation of
drugs as nanocrystals might be a promising method of drug delivery to Class II and Class IV drugs of
Biopharmaceutical Classification System. Drug nanocrystals can also be applied in cosmetics for effective
results.
Health Care Utilization and Burden of Diabetic Ketoacidosis in the U.S. Over the Past Decade: A Nationwide Analysis
Authors: Desai Dimpi , Mehta Dhruv , Mathias Priyanka , Menon Gopal , Schubart Ulrich K. 
Published: May 2018

OBJECTIVE
Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the U.S. Although our ability to treat diabetes and its associated complications has significantly improved, presentation with uncontrolled diabetes leading to ketoacidosis remains a significant problem.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We aimed to determine the incidence and costs of hospital admissions associated with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). We reviewed the National Inpatient Sample database for all hospitalizations in which DKA (ICD-9 codes 250.10, 250.11, 250.12, and 250.13) was the principal discharge diagnosis during 2003–2014 and calculated the population incidence by using U.S. census data. Patients with ICD-9 codes for diabetic coma were excluded because the codes do not distinguish between hypoglycemic and DKA-related coma. We then analyzed changes in temporal trends of incidence, length of stay, costs, and in-hospital mortality by using the Cochrane-Armitage test.

RESULTS
There were 1,760,101 primary admissions for DKA during the study period. In-hospital mortality for the cohort was 0.4% (n = 7,031). The total number of hospital discharges with the principal diagnosis of DKA increased from 118,808 in 2003 to 188,965 in 2014 (P &lt; 0.0001). The length of stay significantly decreased from an average of 3.64 days in 2003 to 3.24 days in 2014 (P &lt; 0.01). During this period, the mean hospital charges increased significantly from $18,987 (after adjusting for inflation) per admission in 2003 to $26,566 per admission in 2014. The resulting aggregate charges (i.e., national bill) for diabetes with ketoacidosis increased dramatically from $2.2 billion (after adjusting for inflation) in 2003 to $ 5.1 billion in 2014 (P &lt; 0.001). However, there was a significant reduction in mortality from 611 (0.51%) in 2003 to 620 (0.3%) in 2014 (P &lt; 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS
Our analysis shows that the population incidence for DKA hospitalizations in the U.S. continues to increase, but the mortality from this condition has significantly decreased, indicating advances in early diagnosis and better inpatient care. Despite decreases in the length of stay, the costs of hospitalizations have increased significantly, indicating opportunities for value-based care intervention in this vulnerable population.
xTAG Luminex multiplex assay for rapid screening of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli strains
Authors: Oprea Mihaela , Usein Codruța-Romanița 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The O26 verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC)-associated outbreak of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) cases in Romania during 2016 showed the need to improve the current methodology of non-O157 VTEC detection and surveillance. An in-house assay based on xTAG Luminex technology was optimized to identify seven of the most relevant diarrheagenic E.coli serogroups (O-specific wzx genes), two convenient VTEC virulence markers (eaeA and ehxA genes), and a species-specific control gene (uidA). Twenty-nine strains previously characterized in terms of serogroup and virulence genes were tested with the optimized protocol and the results were as expected. The ratio of sample signal to background varied from 66.7 (ehxA) to 7.6 (uidA) for positive samples, with a cut-off of 3. Sensitivity varied depending on the target to be amplified from approximately 102 genomic copies to approximately 104 genomic copies per reaction, respectively. The current approach seems an affordable alternative to commercially available assays that can be further exploited to improve existing autochthonous strategies to prevent future VTEC outbreaks.
Study on Breaking Load of Single Lap Joint Using Hybrid Joining Techniques for Alloy Steel AISI 4140 and Mild Steel: Taguchi and Neural Network Approach
Authors: Lalta Prasad , Rahul Khantwal 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The present investigation carried out to analyze the breaking load of single lap joint using hybrid joining techniques for alloy steel AISI 4140 and mild steel as base material by experimentally and optimized by Taguchi method and neural network. The six samples of lap joints were prepared namely: bolted joint (BJ); adhesive joint (AJ); welded joint (WJ); bolted-welded joint (BWJ); adhesive-welded joint (AWJ) and adhesivebolted joint (ABJ). The breaking load of the joints in terms of breaking load and elongation were evaluated for each joint. The effect of the adjustment attached to the joint on the breaking load and elongation were evaluated. Taguchi method was applied for given input parameters and L4 design of experiments was used. The breaking load and elongation were taken as output response. The predicted values by Taguchi method were used as target values in neural network fitting curve. Neural network fitting tool was used to check whether the obtained values were near the target value or not. Based on the achieved results, the maximum breaking load and elongation were found for bolted-welded joint.
Rancang-Bangun Sistem Kontrol Solution Shaker Berbasis Mikrokontroler AT89S51 dengan Motor Stepper Sebagai Penggerak
Authors: Khairani Ridha , Taufiq Imam , - Wildian 
Published: May 2018

Telah dihasilkan sebuah sistem kontrol solution shaker berbasis mikrokontroler AT89S51 dengan motor stepper sebagai penggerak. Sistem kontrol solution shaker ini dirancang untuk memudahkan pekerjaan di laboratorium terutama di laboratorium Elektronika dan Instrumentasi dalam hal melarutkan PCB. Motor stepper yang digunakan adalah motor stepper tipe TEAC 14769070-30 dengan menggunakan IC ULN2003 sebagai rangkaian penggeraknya. Sistem ini dikontrol dengan menggunakan mikrokontroler AT89S51. Arah putaran motor dan variasi kecepatan putar motor diatur dalam program yang ditulis dalam bahasa C. Pengujian yang dilakukan terhadap sistem kontrol solution shaker ini antara lain menghitung kecepatan linier pada saat alat bergerak tanpa beban. Hasil kecepatan linier maksimum solution shaker tanpa beban adalah (12,300 Â± 0,014)cm/sÂ pada waktu tunda 80 ms. Sedangkan kecepatan linier minimum tanpa beban adalah (3,740 Â± 0,002) cm/s pada waktu tunda 280 ms. Pada saat solution shaker diberi beban sebesar 50 g, maka gup kecepatan linier maksimum yang dihasilkan adalah (12,020 Â± 0,014) cm/ s pada waktu tunda 80 ms. Sebaliknya untuk kecepatan linier minimum yang dihasilkan adalah (3,010Â± 0,002)cm/s pada waktu tunda 280 ms. Setelah dilakukan pengujian terhadap variasi beban,alat ini hanya sanggup bergerak untuk beban sebesar 400 g. Hasil pengukuran kecepatan linier maksimum untuk beban 400 g ini adalah (1,634 Â± 0,001)cm/s.
Kelayakan Teknologi Electronic Nose untuk Mendeteksi Urin yang Mengandung Metadon dengan Menggunakan Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
Authors: Firmawati Nini , Triyana Kuwat 
Published: May 2018

Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk menguji kelayakan teknologi electronic nose pada sampel urin yang mengandung metadon dengan urin yang tidak mengandung metadon dan air murni sebagai referensi. Sistem pengenalan pola yang digunakan adalah Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan itu diperoleh bahwa hasil plot PCA menunjukkan adanya kecenderungan sampel yang sejenis mengelompok sesuai jenisnya.Â Kemampuan PCA dalam mengelompokkan data dari hasil luaran sensor gas tersebut menunjukkan bahwa electronic nose yang digunakan memiliki performa repeatibility yang baik dan layak digunakan sebagai alat pendeteksi urin yang mengandung metadon.
Studi Eksperimen Karakteristik Shell-And-Tube Heat Exchanger Dengan Variasi Jenis Baffle Dan Jarak Antar Baffle
Authors: Ariwibowo Teguh Hady , Permatasari Prima Dewi , Ardhiyangga Novan , Triyono Sugit 
Published: May 2018

Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchanger merupakan jenis penukar kalor yang banyak digunakan di pembangkit dan pengolahan minyak. Namun, peningkatan performa penukar kalor ini perlu dilakukan dengan cermat karena alirannya yang kompleks didalam shell. Penelitian ini mengkaji peningkatan performa dalam bentuk koefisien perpindahan panas total dan efektivitas dengan melakukan variasi jenis baffle (single segmental dan triple segmental) dan baffle spacing (5 cm dan 10 cm) menggunakan pendekatan eksperimen dan numerik. Penukar kalor diuji pada laju massa 0,033; 0,066; 0,099; 0,133; dan 0,166 kg/s. Pada variasi jenis baffle, hasil eksperimen menunjukkan single segmental menghasilkan koefisien perpindahan panas total dan efektivitas yang lebih baik dari pada triple segmental dengan nilai koefisien perpindahan panas total maksimal 301 W/m2.K pada 0,166 kg/s dan efektivitas maksimal 0,5 pada 0,033 kg/s. Sedangkan, pada variasi baffle spacing, hasil eksperimen menunjukkan baffle spacing 5 cm menghasilkan koefisien perpindahan panas maksimal 651 W/m2.K saat laju massa 0,166 kg/s sedangkan baffle spacing ini hanya munjukkan performa yang lebih besar dari baffle spacing 10 cm ketika laju massa 0,133 kg/s. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan turbulensi aliran yang besar pada sisi shell mengakibatkan distribusi temperatur merata sehingga mempengaruhi koefisien perpindahan panas total. Kata Kunci : Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchanger , baffle spacing, jenis baffle, koefisien perpindahan panas total, efektivitas, CFD.
The performance of text similarity algorithms
Authors: Prasetya Didik Dwi , Prasetya Wibawa Aji , Hirashima Tsukasa 
Published: May 2018

Text similarity measurement compares text with available references to indicate the degree of similarity between those objects. There have been many studies of text similarity and resulting in various approaches and algorithms. This paper investigates four majors text similarity measurements which include String-based, Corpus-based, Knowledge-based, and Hybrid similarities. The results of the investigation showed that the semantic similarity approach is more rational in finding substantial relationship between texts.
Negligible import of enteric pathogens by newly arrived asylum seekers and no impact on incidence of notified Salmonella and Shigella infections and outbreaks in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, January 2015 to May 2016
Authors: Ehlkes Lutz , George Maja , Knautz Donald , Burckhardt Florian , Jahn Klaus , Vogt Manfred , Zanger Philipp 
Published: May 2018

Introduction
The 2015 refugee crisis raised concerns about an import of infectious diseases affecting the German population. Aims: To evaluate public and individual health benefits of stool screening, and explore whether importation of enteric pathogens by newly arrived asylum seekers impacts on the host population. Methods: We used data from mandatory stool screening to determine the overall, age, sex, and country-specific prevalence of enteric bacteria and helminths. We used surveillance data to assess whether the number of incoming asylum seekers influenced notifications of salmonellosis and shigellosis in Rhineland-Palatinate. Results: Salmonella were found in 0.2% (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.2–0.3%) of 23,410 samples collected from January 2015 to May 2016. Prevalence was highest in children under 5 years (0.8%; 95% CI: 0.5–1.3%). No Shigella or invasive Salmonella spp. were detected. In a subset of 14,511 samples, the prevalence of helminth infestation was 2.4% (95% CI: 2.1–2.6%), with highest proportions detected in adolescents (4.6%; 95% CI 3.8–5.4%) and among Eritreans (9.3%; 95% CI: 7.0–12.0%); in the latter particularly Schistosoma mansoni and Taenia spp. The increase in asylum applications did not increase notifications of salmonellosis and shigellosis. No transmission from asylum seekers to German residents was notified. Conclusion: Public health risk associated with imported enteric pathogens is very low overall. Addressing individual and public health risks, we recommend replacing stool screening of all newly arrived asylum seekers by a targeted approach, with target groups and approaches being adapted if necessary. Target groups supported by our data are children, adolescents, and Eritreans.