bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bi2S3–Tween 20 Nanodots Loading PI3K Inhibitor, LY294002, for Mild Photothermal Therapy of LoVo Cells In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Song Li , Dong Xinghua , Zhu Shuang , Zhang Chunfang , Yin Wenyan , Zhang Xiao , Liu Xiangfeng , Gu Zhanjun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAlthough various types of photothermal agents are developed for photothermal cancer therapy, relatively few photothermal agents exhibit high tumor inhibition rate under relatively mild conditions. Herein, a multifunctional Bi2S3–Tween 20 nanoplatform loaded with PI3K inhibitor LY294002 is designed as a novel photothermal agent for inhibitor and photothermal synergistic therapy of tumors under mild photothermal therapy conditions. The LY294002 of PI3K inhibitor, after being loaded by Bi2S3–Tween 20 nanodots, exhibits greatly increased drug utilization and reduced side effects on normal tissues. In vivo, Bi2S3–Tween 20@LY294002 upon near‐infrared 808 nm laser irradiation shows potent antitumor activity under relatively mild conditions (power density: 0.6 W cm−2). Moreover, the mechanism studies also demonstrate that Bi2S3–Tween 20@LY294002 potently kills LoVo cancer cells under low‐power near‐infrared light irradiation, by downregulating the expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) so as to increase the sensitivity of tumor cell hyperthermia and activating BAX/BAK‐regulated mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. The results demonstrate that the newly synthesized multifunctional nanoplatform paves a new avenue for accurate therapy of photothermal‐resistant cancer.
Highly Sensitive Broadband Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Photodetectors Enhanced by Separated Graphene Nanosheets
Authors: Cai Baofang , Su Yanjie , Tao Zejun , Hu Jing , Zou Cheng , Yang Zhi , Zhang Yafei 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSingle‐walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT)/graphene Schottky junctions have great potential for high‐performance all‐carbon photodetector due to their excellent optical and electronic properties and efficient charge transfer. However, the further improvement of device performance is limited by the low absorption of ultrathin SWCNTs and large dark current of continuous graphene nanosheets. Here a proof‐of‐concept photodetector is reported using SWCNT/separated graphene (SGR) hybrid networks. The device is sensitive to a broadband wavelength from visible light to near‐infrared light (405–1064 nm), showing an extremely high photoresponsivity of >3000 A W−1, a fast response speed of 44 µs, and high photoconductive gain of ≈4 × 106. Furthermore, the results demonstrate first the charge transfer dynamics at the planar SWCNT/SGR Schottky junctions by combining Raman spectra with current–voltage curves. The architecture strategy opens a new general route to fabricate ultrahigh‐performance photodetectors based on SWCNT/SGR hybrids or other semiconductor/graphene hybrids.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Regioselective Synthesis of 1‐Benzoazepine Carbonitriles from o‐Alkynylanilines via 7‐endo‐dig Annulation and Cyanation
Authors: Dhandabani Ganesh Kumar , Mutra Mohana Reddy , Wang Jeh‐Jeng 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe herein report a three‐component, one‐pot cascade reaction involving an imination/annulation/cyanation sequence for the synthesis of 1‐benzoazepine carbonitrile derivatives using readily available o‐alkynylanilines, cyclic ketones and trimethylsilyl cyanide. This regio‐ and stereoselective reaction was achieved by combining palladium(II) trifluoroacetate and copper(II) acetate in dimethyl sulfoxide. The important features of this method include a broad substrate scope, the use of trimethylsilyl cyanide as a cyanating agent, the formation of two C−C bonds and one C−N bond, mild reaction conditions and good product yields.magnified image
Climatic niche comparison among ploidal levels in the classic autopolyploid system, Galax urceolata
Authors: Gaynor Michelle L. , Marchant D. Blaine , Soltis Douglas E. , Soltis Pamela S. 
Published: September 2018

Premise of The StudyAutopolyploidy, or whole‐genome duplication within a species, leads to closely related cytotypes in one geographic location. One hypothesized mechanism by which autopolyploids become established is climatic niche divergence from their diploid progenitor. Here we tested this hypothesis in diploid, triploid, and tetraploid Galax urceolata (Diapensiaceae) and predicted the effects of climate change on the relative distributions of these cytotypes.MethodsWe investigated whether climatic niche divergence has shaped the current distributions of Galax urceolata cytotypes in eastern North America using climatic niche modeling, multivariate analyses of environmental space, and geographic range analyses. We then projected the models of the three cytotypes onto an ensemble of future climate maps to determine how the distributions might be altered over time.Key ResultsAll cytotypes are geographically sympatric; however, climatic niche contraction and a slight niche shift of the tetraploids was observed relative to that of the diploids. Climate projections for all diploid and tetraploid cytotypes showed substantial range contraction without much, or any, range shift, suggesting that Galax urceolata will likely go extinct in nature as mountain refugia become warmer.ConclusionsGalax urceolata tetraploids occupy a slightly wetter habitat than that of their diploid progenitors. While we cannot take into account future adaptation, our models suggest extensive decreases in range distributions for both diploid and tetraploid G. urceolata based on climate change projections. Galax urceolata may therefore be under extreme threat due to loss of suitable habitat, and conservation efforts will be needed.
Subradiological silicosis
Authors: Ehrlich Rodney , Murray Jill , Rees David 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this commentary is to bring the neglected phenomenon of subradiological silicosis and its implications to the attention of readers. We define subradiological silicosis as silicosis detectable on pathological examination of lung tissue but not visible radiologically. For extent of the phenomenon, we draw on a study using a large South African autopsy database of deceased miners and chest radiographs taken in life. At an International Labour Organization threshold of >1/0 only 43% of all pathologically detected cases were detected on chest radiograph, and only 62% of those classified on pathology as “moderate or marked” silicosis. Subradiological silicosis has a number of implications for research and practice: for dose‐response studies of silicosis; for studies of the relationship between silica and conditions such as tuberculosis, lung cancer, and autoimmune disease, including the mechanistic role of fibrogenesis; for prognostication in silica exposed workers; and for workers’ compensation criteria.
Relative neuron loss in hippocampal sclerosis of aging and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Ihara Ryoko , Vincent Benjamin D. , Baxter Michael R. , Franklin Erin E. , Hassenstab Jason J. , Xiong Chengjie , Morris John C. , Cairns Nigel J. 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveTo characterize the pattern of neuron loss in hippocampal sclerosis of aging (HS‐Aging) and age‐related diseases and to evaluate its contribution to cognitive impairment in the elderly.MethodsParticipants (n = 1,361) came from longitudinal observational studies of aging at the Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University (St. Louis, MO). Relative neuron loss in the hippocampus of HS‐Aging was measured using unbiased stereological methods. Transactive response DNA‐binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP‐43) proteinopathy, a putative marker of HS‐Aging, was assessed. Clinical and cognitive data were analyzed using parametric statistical methods.ResultsNinety‐three cases had HS‐Aging (6.8%), 8 cases had “pure” HS‐Aging, and 37 cases had comorbid intermediate or high Alzheimer's disease neuropathological change (i/h ADNC). Relative neuron loss (ratio of neuron number in hippocampal subfield CA1 to the neuron number in parahippocampal gyrus) was 0.15 for HS‐Aging; this was significantly lower than 0.64 for i/h ADNC and 0.66 for control cases (Kruskal‐Wallis test, p < 0.0001; p = 0.0003, respectively). TDP‐43 proteinopathy was present in 92.4% of HS‐Aging cases, higher than that in i/h ADNC (52%) and control (25%) cases. Pure HS‐Aging cases were more likely to have cognitive impairment in the memory domain.InterpretationRelative neuron loss in the hippocampus compared to the parahippocampus gyrus may be useful in distinguishing HS‐Aging in the context of comorbid ADNC. HS‐Aging contributes to cognitive impairment, which phenotypically resembles AD dementia. TDP proteinopathy is a frequent comorbidity in HS‐Aging and may contribute to cognitive impairment to a modest degree. Ann Neurol 2018;84:749–761
Cavitands as Containers for α,ω‐Dienes and Chaperones for Olefin Metathesis
Authors: Wu Nai‐Wei , Petsalakis Ioannis D. , Theodorakopoulos Giannoula , Yu Yang , Rebek Julius 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDescribed herein is the behavior of α,ω‐dienes sequestered within cavitands in aqueous (D2O) solution. Hydrophobic forces drive the dienes into the cavitands in conformations that best fill the available space. Shorter dienes (C9 and C10) bind in compressed conformations that tumble rapidly in the cavitands. Longer dienes induce capsule formation between cavitands with self‐complementary hydrogen bonding sites, where the dienes exist in extended conformations. In cavitands unable to form capsules, longer dienes adopt folded structures. The wider open ends allow the synthesis of medium‐sized cycloalkenes by ring‐closing metathesis reactions with the Hoveyda–Grubbs‐II catalyst. Yields of cycloheptene and cyclooctene were enhanced by the chaperones in water when compared with reactions of the free dienes in either aqueous media or chloroform, and even cyclononene could be prepared within the cavitand.
Designing Dimeric Lanthanide(III)‐Containing Ionic liquids
Authors: McCourt Éadaoin , Esien Kane , Zhenyu Li , Felton Solveig , Nockemann Peter 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHerein, we report on the preparation of liquid dimeric lanthanide(III)‐containing compounds. Starting from the design of dimeric solids, we demonstrate that by tuning of anion and cation structures we can lower the melting points below room temperature, whilst maintaining the dimeric structure. Magnetic measurements could establish the spin‐spin interactions of the neighboring lanthanide(III) ions in the liquid state at low temperatures, and matched the interactions of the analogous crystalline solid compounds.
High‐performance natural rubber latex composites developed by a green approach using ionic liquid‐modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Ge Yi , Zhang Qianyun , Zhang Yandan , Liu Fusheng , Han Jingjie , Wu Chifei 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTThe effect of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) modified by a hydrophilic ionic liquids (ILs), including 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bromide and 1‐hexyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bromide, was studied. The obtained water‐suspensible carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were still homogeneously distributed in water a month after sonication. The microstructural development of filler networks and the uniform dispersion of MWCNTs in the presence of IL were analyzed by TEM. The apparent physical (cation–π/π–π) interaction between the MWCNTs and the IL was characterized by Raman spectroscopy, DSC, and TGA. Furthermore, high‐performance composites of natural rubber latex (NRL) and CNTs modified with IL were obtained by the liquid latex blending method. The CNTs were homogeneously distributed in the matrix and CNT–ILs improved the fatigue resistance and mechanical properties of the NRL/CNT–IL composites. This study demonstrates a simple and eco‐friendly approach to develop multifunctional advanced materials based on IL‐modified MWCNT elastomer composites. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46588.
Effective structure regulation of poly(vinylidene fluoride) via soy protein isolate: A morphological study
Authors: Zheng Zhuoyuan , Cox McCord , Li Bin 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTThe microstructures of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/soy protein isolate (SPI) films were successfully modulated via denatured SPIs. While vegetable proteins have been extensively researched as functional biomaterials in fabrication of polymer blends, the diverse polymer‐protein interactions because of complex protein structures have not received sufficient attention. In this study, the PVDF‐SPI interactions were tuned by different denaturation treatments including heat, sonication, and chemical denaturation by 2‐mercaptoethanol and sodium dodecyl sulfate, respectively. Phase morphologies, crystal structures of PVDF, and secondary structures of SPI were analyzed by scanning electron microscope, fluorescence imaging, X‐ray diffraction, and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy. While 90 °C denaturation and sodium dodecyl sulfate led to nonporous structures, all other denatured SPIs produced distinctive porous structures. The crystallinity of PVDF was reduced to different degrees, depending on the denaturation of SPI. The distinctive microstructures of PVDF/SPI films indicated the diversity of PVDF‐SPI interactions and its importance in functional polymer/protein blends. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 134, 46706
Superhydrophobic/oleophobic coatings based on a catalyst driven thiol‐epoxy‐acrylate ternary system
Authors: Rezaei Farzad , Talley James N. , Dickey Michael D. , Hauser Peter J. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTSuperhydrophobic surfaces have attracted much attention for their exceptional properties such as self‐cleaning, anti‐fouling, and anti‐fogging. This study presents a facile approach for creating superhydrophobic coatings that are also oleophobic by utilizing spray deposition of polymers mixed with silica particles as an easy and effective route to control the surface roughness of the coatings. The polymer precursors formulated here are based on a ternary thiol‐epoxy‐acrylate mixture that reacts in the presence of a strong base without a need for external initiation (such as light). This system employs tetrafunctional thiol monomers as hubs where both the acrylate and the epoxy components can covalently bond. The acrylate component contains a perfluorinated side chain offering low surface energy properties and the difunctional epoxy monomers crosslink the thiol hubs to provide strength. Addition of a strong base catalyst (1,8‐diazabicycloundec‐7‐ene, or DBU) to the coating precursors initiates the polymerization reaction without the need for light. To identify the optimal formulation, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) measurements quantified the kinetics of the polymerization, X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy analysis revealed the surface composition, an optical goniometer evaluated the wetting behavior, and scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser the microscopy provided information about the surface topography of the coatings. Based on the results from FTIR, addition of 0.08 mol % of DBU effectively carries out the reaction within 10 min on the substrate while providing long solution shelf life for the spray coating process. The goniometer results showed that water contact angle of >150°, n‐dodecane contact angle of >110° and diiodomethane contact angle of >130° is achievable upon optimization of the coating precursors. This simple route to create superhydrophobic and oleophobic coatings by spraying may be useful for packaging, protective coatings, and other surface modifications. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46710.
A renewable approach toward the development of mahua oil‐based wood protective polyurethane coatings: Synthesis and performance evaluation
Authors: Raychura Ashish J. , Jauhari Smita , Patel Kalpesh I. , Dholakiya Bharatkumar Z. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTIn the current scenario, the demand for renewable resources is increasing day by day due to numerous factors. In view of this, current work represents the preparation of wood protective polyurethane (PU) coatings from mahua oil. Mahua oil was used as a starting material for the synthesis of fatty amide by base catalyzed aminolysis reaction. The synthesized fatty amide was converted into the polyetheramide polyols by a condensation reaction with bisphenol C. The structure of the synthesized products was confirmed by the attenuated total reflection‐Fourier transform infrared and 1H‐NMR spectroscopy. The synthesized polyetheramide polyols were used as precursors for the preparation of PUs and the prepared PUs were applied on the wood surface as a protective coating. The coating performance of the PUs was evaluated by the measurement of mechanical, thermal, and microbial properties as well as water, solvent, and chemical resistance. The coating performance revealed that mahua oil can be used as a renewable resource for the preparation of wood protective PUs. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46722.
Preparation and characterization of PPRC/EPDM thermoplastic vulcanizates: A comparative study
Authors: Saeed Farhan , Anwar Saleem , Irfan Muhammad Shafiq , Qaiser Asif Ali , Gill Yasir Qayyum 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTThermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) of polypropylene random copolymer (PPRC) with ethylene–propylene diene monomer rubber (EPDM) were prepared through in situ and ex situ compatibilization techniques. Silanized silica as nanofiller was incorporated in the ex situ compatibilized TPVs. Mechanical properties were measured for different formulated TPVs with increasing loading of EPDM from 10 to 30 phr. A comparative data is generated to discuss the effect of two compatibilization techniques and addition of silica filler in the TPVs. The degradation studies were also carried out to check the stability of the blends under harsh ultraviolet environment. The in situ compatibilized TPVs provided better overall mechanical properties. Moreover, it is worth mentioning that the properties of ex situ compatiblized TPVs were enhanced by incorporation of silanized silica filler. Silanized silica filler helped in reducing the die swell significantly. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46726.
Preparation and characterization of proton exchange membrane based on polyphosphoric acid modified by PVDF‐HFP
Authors: Cheng Xiangze , Jin Huaiyang , Shen Chunhui , Gao Shanjun , Wang Jiang , Zhu Xi 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTA polyphosphoric acid functionalized proton exchange membrane (PEM) was prepared by a ring opening reaction using the epoxycyclohexylethyltrimethoxysilane (EHTMS) and amino trimethylene phosphonic acid (ATMP) as raw materials and was modified by poly(vinylidene fluoride)–hexafluoro propylene (PVDF‐HFP). The structure of the membranes was characterized by Fourier transform infrared and scanning electron microscopy. The X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy explores the content of the elements in the membrane related to the ion exchange capacity value. The membranes’ properties including water uptake, swelling ratio, proton conductivity, and hydrolysis stability were studied. Performance tests show that when ATMP/EHTMS = 1/5, conductivity of the PVDF‐HFP modified PEMs increased from 0.83 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 20 °C to 9.53 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 160 °C, the swelling ratio of membranes decreased from 2.71% to 2.13%. The results indicate that the introduction of F atoms is beneficial to increase the proton conductivity and the dimensional stability. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46737.
Experiment‐design methods in innovative polymer material planning
Authors: Debska B. J. , Dobrowolski L. , Debska B. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTIn the work, the design of experiments (DOE) method was used to obtain a modified epoxy resin of reduced fragility. As modifiers of commercial epoxy resin, urethane prepolymers with isocyanate terminal groups were used. Experimental points (samples of specified composition of resin prepolymer and a curing agent) were generated by the STATISTICA program module Design of Experiments using a central composition design. A study of the mechanical properties of modified resin samples was carried out for five intermediate values of input variables x1 (resin/hardener ratio) and x2 (modifier, wt %), designated for the normalized values 0, ± 1, and ±1.414. The STATISTICA algorithms analyzing the results of the practical implementation of the planned experiments allowed us to develop a model describing the dependence of the mechanical properties of composite resins on the composition and then to select the optimal compositions of epoxy resin for their practical applications. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46761.
Synthesis and polymerization of a new highly unsaturated castor oil‐based monomer for rigid thermoset materials
Authors: Inciarte H. C. , Echeverri D. A. , Rios L. A. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTA new highly functionalized monomer (maleated castor oil methacrylate, MACOMA) was synthesized from maleated castor oil (MACO) and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) through the epoxy–carboxyl reaction. This reaction led to a monomer with 8.8 double bounds per molecule and negligible acid value. Homopolymerization of MACOMA at room temperature led to a highly crosslinked elastomeric material (Tg, 15.98°C; flexural modulus, 77.7 MPa; flexural strength, 7.45 MPa and surface hardness, 46‐Shore D). On the other hand, homopolymerization of MACO led to viscous liquids even after prolonged heating. Curing of MACOMA‐styrene mixtures (20–50%) at room temperature for 4 h led to rigid materials: Tg, 54.04–81.36°C; flexural modulus, 508.6–1254.3 MPa; flexural strength, 21.97–64.06 MPa; and surface hardness, 57–69 (Shore D). Mechanical properties of these materials were better than those of MACO‐styrene copolymers. Materials obtained from both resins were stable under 230°C. However, higher thermal stabilities were obtained for MACOMA‐based materials. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46762.
Conductivity, interaction and solubility of hetero‐bifunctional end‐capped β,β’‐dihexylsubstituted sexithiophenes
Authors: Sund Pernilla , Pettersson Fredrik , Österbacka Ronald , Wilén Carl‐Eric 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTThree β,β’‐dihexylsexithiophenes were synthesized, one without end group modification (T6.1), one with dialdehyde (T6.2) and one with diester (T6.3) end‐capping. Their properties were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, and it was found that while they were nonconducting in undoped form, the conductivity reached 0.001 S cm−1 (T6.1), 0.017 S cm−1 (T6.2), and 0.003 S cm−1 (T6.3) when doped with iodine vapor. The solubilities of T6.2 and T6.3 in chloroform were excellent, whereas the solubility of T6.1 was low and in line with earlier literature values. Moreover, the studies revealed that T6.2 is also highly soluble in tetrahydrofuran. For the dialdehyde end‐capped β,β’‐dihexylsexithiophene T6.2 association constants for self‐association in chloroform and with silica were determined to be 1.6 and 2.3 (mol/kg)−1, respectively. In contrast, the two other oligothiophenes did not show such associations. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46830.