bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elvitegravir–Cobicistat–Emtricitabine–Tenofovir Alafenamide Single-tablet Regimen for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Postexposure Prophylaxis
Authors: Gantner Pierre , Hessamfar Mojgan , Souala Mohamed Faouzi , Valin Nadia , Simon Anne , Ajana Faiza , Bouvet Elisabeth , Rouveix Elisabeth , Cotte Laurent , Bani-Sadr Firouzé , Hustache-Mathieu Laurent , Lebrette Marie-Gisèle , Truchetet François , Galempoix Jean-Marie , Piroth Lionel , Pellissier Gérard , Muret Patrice , Rey David ,   E/C/F/TAF PEP Study Group
Published: June 2019

Abstract

We evaluated an elvitegravir–cobicistat–emtricitabine–tenofovir alafenamide single-tablet regimen for human immunodeficiency virus postexposure prophylaxis. The completion rate and adherence were good, and the tolerance was acceptable; no seroconversion was observed. We confirm that this regimen could be appropriate for postexposure prophylaxis.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT02998320.
5-Year Follow-up of Active Tuberculosis Development From Latent Infection in Rural China
Authors: Xin Henan , Zhang Haoran , Yang Shumin , Liu Jianmin , Lu Wei , Bai Liqiong , Cao Xuefang , Feng Boxuan , Jin Qi , Gao Lei 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
A 5-year follow-up study found declining disease development rates from latent tuberculosis infection. In the latter 3 years, the incidence, per 100 person-years, was 0.26 for interferon-γ release assay positives and 0.19 for tuberculin skin test positives (P = .28). In addition, all round have been checked.
Distortions, Misallocation and the Endogenous Determination of the Size of the Financial Sector
Authors: Bauer Christian , Rodríguez Mora José V 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe present a model of heterogeneous firms and misallocation in which financial frictions are partially overcome if more human resources are devoted to intermediation, at the cost of having fewer resources employed in directly productive activities. Not only does an inefficient financial sector result in an inefficient final good sector; an inefficient final good sector results in an inefficient financial sector. Exogenous inefficiencies in the productive sector generate decreased demand for financial services, which translates into a smaller and less efficient financial sector, worsening the resource allocation in the productive sector. This direction of causality seems in line with cross-country evidence.
Bimaxillary surgery to correct high-angle class II malocclusion: does a simultaneous genioplasty affect long-term stability?
Authors: Torgersbråten Nina , Stenvik Arild , Espeland Lisen 
Published: June 2019

Summary

Background and objectives
High-angle skeletal Class II malocclusion is one of the most challenging dentofacial deviations to treat and, in adults, a combination of orthodontic treatment and bimaxillary orthognathic surgery is often indicated. This study examines the rate of clinically significant relapse and whether a genioplasty affects the treatment outcome of high-angle Class II malocclusions.

Material and methods
Cephalometric tracings of 36 consecutively treated high-angle Class II patients were evaluated from pre-surgery to 3 years post-surgery. All patients had undergone bimaxillary surgery (Le Fort I and BSSO), 13 of them had in addition a genioplasty.

Results
The maxilla remained stable, whereas relapse (greater than or equal to 2 mm) of the mandibular advancement was seen in 40 per cent of the patients. Advancement greater than 10 mm increased the risk for horizontal relapse. The overjet was normalized and remained stable despite mandibular relapse. Half of the patients had an anterior open bite 3 years post-surgery. A supplemental genioplasty did not affect the relapse rate.

Conclusions and implications
Overjet was normalized and remained stable long term; there was an open bite in half of the patients. Combined orthodontic and bimaxillary surgical treatment of high-angle Class II patients showed skeletal relapse (greater than or equal to 2 mm) of the mandible in 40 per cent of patients. Mandibular advancement greater than 10 mm increased the risk for relapse. There was no increased risk for dental or skeletal instability associated with a genioplasty in combination with maxillary and mandibular surgery in the treatment of high-angle skeletal Class II malocclusion.
Dietary Intake, D3Cr Muscle Mass, and Appendicular Lean Mass in a Cohort of Older Men
Authors: Rogers-Soeder Tara S , Peters Katherine E , Lane Nancy E , Shikany James M , Judd Suzanne , Langsetmo Lisa , Hoffman Andrew R , Evans William J , Cawthon Peggy M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
We examined cross-sectional associations between dietary patterns, macronutrient intake, and measures of muscle mass and lean mass in older men.

Methods
Participants in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) cohort (n = 903; mean ± SD age 84.2 ± 4 years) completed brief Block food frequency questionnaires (May 2014–May 2016); factor analysis was used to derive dietary patterns. The D3-creatine (D3Cr) dilution method was used to measure muscle mass; dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to measure appendicular lean mass (ALM). Generalized linear models were used to report adjusted means of outcomes by dietary pattern. Multiple linear regression models were used to determine associations between macronutrients and D3Cr muscle mass and DXA ALM. Multivariable models were adjusted for age, race, clinic site, education, depression, total energy intake, height, and percent body fat.

Results
Greater adherence to a Western dietary pattern (high factor loadings for red meat, fried foods, and high-fat dairy) was associated with higher D3Cr muscle mass (p-trend = .026). Adherence to the Healthy dietary pattern (high factor loadings for fruit, vegetables, whole grains, and lean meats) was not associated with D3Cr muscle mass or DXA ALM. Total protein (β = 0.09, 95% CI = 0.03, 0.14) and nondairy animal protein (β = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.10, 0.21) were positively associated with D3Cr muscle mass. Nondairy animal protein (β = 0.06, 95% CI = 0.002, 0.11) was positively associated with DXA ALM. Associations with other macronutrients were inconsistent.

Conclusions
Nondairy animal protein intake (within a Western dietary pattern and alone) was positively associated with D3Cr muscle mass in older men.
High-Throughput Sequencing-Based Investigation of Viruses in Human Cancers by Multienrichment Approach
Authors: Mollerup Sarah , Asplund Maria , Friis-Nielsen Jens , Kjartansdóttir Kristín Rós , Fridholm Helena , Hansen Thomas Arn , Herrera José Alejandro Romero , Barnes Christopher James , Jensen Randi Holm , Richter Stine Raith , Nielsen Ida Broman , Pietroni Carlotta , Alquezar-Planas David E , Rey-Iglesia Alba , Olsen Pernille V S , Rajpert-De Meyts Ewa , Groth-Pedersen Line , von Buchwald Christian , Jensen David H , Gniadecki Robert , Høgdall Estrid , Langhoff Jill Levin , Pete Imre , Vereczkey Ildikó , Baranyai Zsolt , Dybkaer Karen , Johnsen Hans Erik , Steiniche Torben , Hokland Peter , Rosenberg Jacob , Baandrup Ulrik , Sicheritz-Pontén Thomas , Willerslev Eske , Brunak Søren , Lund Ole , Mourier Tobias , Vinner Lasse , Izarzugaza Jose M G , Nielsen Lars Peter , Hansen Anders Johannes 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
Viruses and other infectious agents cause more than 15% of human cancer cases. High-throughput sequencing-based studies of virus-cancer associations have mainly focused on cancer transcriptome data.

Methods
In this study, we applied a diverse selection of presequencing enrichment methods targeting all major viral groups, to characterize the viruses present in 197 samples from 18 sample types of cancerous origin. Using high-throughput sequencing, we generated 710 datasets constituting 57 billion sequencing reads.

Results
Detailed in silico investigation of the viral content, including exclusion of viral artefacts, from de novo assembled contigs and individual sequencing reads yielded a map of the viruses detected. Our data reveal a virome dominated by papillomaviruses, anelloviruses, herpesviruses, and parvoviruses. More than half of the included samples contained 1 or more viruses; however, no link between specific viruses and cancer types were found.

Conclusions
Our study sheds light on viral presence in cancers and provides highly relevant virome data for future reference.
Antiphosphatidylserine Immunoglobulin M and Immunoglobulin G Antibodies Are Higher in Vivax Than Falciparum Malaria, and Associated With Early Anemia in Both Species
Authors: Barber Bridget E , Grigg Matthew J , Piera Kim , Amante Fiona H , William Timothy , Boyle Michelle J , Minigo Gabriela , Dondorp Arjen M , McCarthy James S , Anstey Nicholas M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
Anemia is a major complication of vivax malaria. Antiphosphatidylserine (PS) antibodies generated during falciparum malaria mediate phagocytosis of uninfected red blood cells that expose PS and have been linked to late malarial anemia. However, their role in anemia from non-falciparum Plasmodium species is not known, nor their role in early anemia from falciparum malaria.

Methods
We measured PS immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies in Malaysian patients with vivax, falciparum, knowlesi, and malariae malaria, and in healthy controls, and correlated antibody titres with hemoglobin. PS antibodies were also measured in volunteers experimentally infected with Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum.

Results
PS IgM and IgG antibodies were elevated in patients with vivax, falciparum, knowlesi, and malariae malaria (P &lt; .0001 for all comparisons with controls) and were highest in vivax malaria. In vivax and falciparum malaria, PS IgM and IgG on admission correlated inversely with admission and nadir hemoglobin, controlling for parasitemia and fever duration. PS IgM and IgG were also increased in volunteers infected with blood-stage P. vivax and P. falciparum, and were higher in P. vivax infection.

Conclusions
PS antibodies are higher in vivax than falciparum malaria, correlate inversely with hemoglobin, and may contribute to the early loss of uninfected red blood cells found in malarial anemia from both species.
Towards endemicity: large-scale expansion of the NDM-1-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST11 lineage in Poland, 2015–16
Authors: Baraniak A , Machulska M , Żabicka D , Literacka E , Izdebski R , Urbanowicz P , Bojarska K , Herda M , Kozińska A , Hryniewicz W , Gniadkowski M ,   NDM-PL Study Group, Wróblewska M , Dulny G , Meler A , Filczak K , Pietrak-Sieklucka B , Pawlik K , Ładomirska-Pestkowska K , Rudaś D , Janas-Osiak E , Kociszewska D , Borzęcka B , Sulikowska A , Marciniak A , Niecwietajewa I , Stankiewicz D , Wojciechowska B , Stepnowska E , Zawidzka E , Żak-Puławska Z , Stelmach A , Strojnowska H , Grochowalska A , Pracałek G , Olszańska D , Tryniszewska E A , Wieczorek P , Grzybowska T , Stepaniuk G 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectivesIn 2015 and 2016 Poland recorded rapid proliferation of New Delhi MBL (NDM)-producing Enterobacterales, with at least 470 and 1780 cases, respectively. We addressed the roles of the Klebsiella pneumoniae ST11 NDM-1 outbreak genotype, already spreading in 2012–14, and of newly imported organisms in this increase.MethodsThe study included 2136 NDM-positive isolates identified between April 2015 and December 2016, following transfer of patients with K. pneumoniae ST147 NDM-1 from Tunisia to Warsaw in March 2015. The isolates were screened by PCR mapping for variants of blaNDM-carrying Tn125-like elements. Selected isolates were typed by PFGE and MLST. NDM-encoding plasmids were analysed by nuclease S1/hybridization, transfer assays, PCR-based replicon typing and PCR mapping.ResultsThe organisms were mainly K. pneumoniae containing the Tn125A variant of the ST11 epidemic lineage (n = 2094; ∼98%). Their representatives were of the outbreak pulsotype and ST11, and produced NDM-1, encoded by specific IncFII (pKPX-1/pB-3002cz)-like plasmids. The isolates were recovered in 145 healthcare centres in 13/16 administrative regions, predominantly the Warsaw area. The ‘Tunisian’ genotype K. pneumoniae ST147 NDM-1 Tn125F comprised 18 isolates (0.8%) from eight institutions. The remaining 24 isolates, mostly K. pneumoniae and Escherichia coli of diverse STs, produced NDM-1 or NDM-5 specified by various Tn125 derivatives and plasmids.ConclusionsThe K. pneumoniae ST11 NDM-1 outbreak has dramatically expanded in Poland since 2012, which may bring about a countrywide endemic situation in the near future. In addition, the so-far limited K. pneumoniae ST147 NDM-1 outbreak plus multiple NDM imports from different countries were observed in 2015–16.
Neurodegenerative disorders and sterile inflammation: lessons from a Drosophila model
Authors: Nainu Firzan , Salim Emil , Asri Rangga Meidianto , Hori Aki , Kuraishi Takayuki 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS)-related disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases, are common but difficult to treat. As effective medical interventions are limited, those diseases will likely continue adversely affecting people’s health. There is evidence that the hyperactivation of innate immunity is a hallmark of most neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and polyglutamine diseases. In mammalian and fly CNS, the presence of noninfectious ligands, including danger-associated molecular patterns, is recognized by (micro)glial cells, inducing the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Such inflammation may contribute to the onset and progression of neurodegenerative states. Studies using fruit flies have shed light on the types of signals, receptors and cells responsible for inducing the inflammation that leads to neurodegeneration. Researchers are using fly models to assess the mechanisms of sterile inflammation in the brain and its link to progressive neurodegeneration. Given the similarity of its physiological system and biochemical function to those of mammals, especially in activating and regulating innate immune signalling, Drosophila can be a versatile model system for studying the mechanisms and biological significance of sterile inflammatory responses in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Such knowledge would greatly facilitate the quest for a novel effective treatment for neurodegenerative diseases.
Variation in the BrHMA3 coding region controls natural variation in cadmium accumulation in Brassica rapa vegetables
Authors: Zhang Lingxiao , Wu Jian , Tang Zhong , Huang Xin-Yuan , Wang Xiaowu , Salt David E , Zhao Fang-Jie 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Brassica rapa includes several important leafy vegetable crops with the potential for high cadmium (Cd) accumulation, posing a risk to human health. This study aims to understand the genetic basis underlying the variation in Cd accumulation among B. rapa vegetables. Cd uptake and translocation in 64 B. rapa accessions were compared. The role of the heavy metal ATPase gene BrHMA3 in the variation of Cd accumulation was investigated. BrHMA3 encodes a tonoplast-localized Cd transporter. Five full-length and four truncated haplotypes of the BrHMA3 coding sequence were identified, explaining >80% of the variation in the Cd root to shoot translocation among the 64 accessions and in F2 progeny. Truncated BrHMA3 haplotypes had a 2.3 and 9.3 times higher shoot Cd concentration and Cd translocation ratio, respectively, than full-length haplotypes. When expressed in yeast and Arabidopsis thaliana, full-length BrHMA3 showed activity consistent with a Cd transport function, whereas truncated BrHMA3 did not. Variation in the BrHMA3 promoter sequence had little effect on Cd translocation. Variation in the BrHMA3 coding sequence is a key determinant of Cd translocation to and accumulation in the leaves of B. rapa. Strong alleles of BrHMA3 can be used to breed for B. rapa vegetables that are low in Cd in their edible portions.
Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence among Armed Forces Personnel (Military Personnel and Police Officers): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Rostami Hosein , Tavakoli Hamid Reza , Rahimi Mohammad Hossein , Mohammadi Mohammad 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is closely linked to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Various studies have reported the prevalence of MetS in different armed forces personnel in different countries. However, performing a systematic review and meta-analysis on this subject seems necessary. The aim of this study was to estimate the pooled prevalence of MetS among armed forces personnel including members of the military and police forces.

Materials and Methods
A systematic review was carried out on all associated papers published in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library, encompassing the timeframe: November, 2018 to January 2000. The overall prevalence of MetS, and its prevalence based on different diagnostic criteria [National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III), American Heart Association (AHA) and International Diabetes Federation (IDF)] were pooled using a random-effects model.

Results
Twenty five eligible studies were selected for the meta-analysis. Among all police officers contained in this study group, the overall prevalence of MetS was 26.2% (95% CI: 19.7–34%; Q = 229.45, p = 0.00). Among different military personnel contained in this study group, the overall estimation of MetS prevalence was 8.3% (95% CI: 6.3–11%; Q = 540.88, p = 0.00) the prevalence of MetS was 8.0% (95% CI: 5.7–11%; Q = 409.76, p = 0.00) according to the NCEP-ATP III criterion.

Conclusion
The findings from the present meta-analyses displayed a low prevalence of metabolic syndrome in armed forces in general. These findings will allow healthcare providers and policy-makers to find solutions in order to take action to reduce MetS risks on a wider scale, especially among police officers.
Exercise Testing of Muscle Strength in Military
Authors: Nikolaidis Pantelis T , Papaioannou Konstantinos-Georgios , Rosemann Thomas , Knechtle Beat 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Strength training has been routinely used in exercise programs of military groups; however, no review has been ever conducted to clarify the selection of exercise tests to monitor its effectiveness. Therefore, the aim of the present review was to critically evaluate the current practices in the choice of assessment methods for muscle strength in military and suggest directions for future research.

Methods
The Scopus and Pubmed databases were searched in December 2018 using “fitness assessment OR muscle strength AND military OR army” as keywords.

Results
Methodological concerns were highlighted in exercise testing of muscle strength, where the use of appropriate tests were recommended (handgrip, isokinetic or 1RM in bench or leg press) to complement tests that measured muscle endurance rather than muscle strength (e.g., timed push-ups or sit-ups).

Conclusions
Although strength training has been included in military training, it was concluded that the existed physical fitness test batteries focused mostly on muscle endurance rather than on muscle strength. Therefore, it would be suggested that muscle strength tests be included in future physical fitness test batteries in order to evaluate effectively the content of military training.
The origins of the circumgalactic medium in the FIRE simulations
Authors: Hafen Zachary , Faucher-Giguère Claude-André , Anglés-Alcázar Daniel , Stern Jonathan , Kereš Dušan , Hummels Cameron , Esmerian Clarke , Garrison-Kimmel Shea , El-Badry Kareem , Wetzel Andrew , Chan T K , Hopkins Philip F , Murray Norman 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
We use a particle tracking analysis to study the origins of the circumgalactic medium (CGM), separating it into (1) accretion from the intergalactic medium (IGM), (2) wind from the central galaxy, and (3) gas ejected from other galaxies. Our sample consists of 21 FIRE-2 simulations, spanning the halo mass range Mh ∼ 1010–1012 M⊙, and we focus on z = 0.25 and z = 2. Owing to strong stellar feedback, only ∼L⋆ haloes retain a baryon mass $\gtrsim\! 50\hbox{ per cent}$ of their cosmic budget. Metals are more efficiently retained by haloes, with a retention fraction $\gtrsim\! 50\hbox{ per cent}$. Across all masses and redshifts analysed $\gtrsim \!60\hbox{ per cent}$ of the CGM mass originates as IGM accretion (some of which is associated with infalling haloes). Overall, the second most important contribution is wind from the central galaxy, though gas ejected or stripped from satellites can contribute a comparable mass in ∼L⋆ haloes. Gas can persist in the CGM for billions of years, resulting in well mixed-halo gas. Sightlines through the CGM are therefore likely to intersect gas of multiple origins. For low-redshift ∼L⋆ haloes, cool gas (T &lt; 104.7 K) is distributed on average preferentially along the galaxy plane, however with strong halo-to-halo variability. The metallicity of IGM accretion is systematically lower than the metallicity of winds (typically by ≳1 dex), although CGM and IGM metallicities depend significantly on the treatment of subgrid metal diffusion. Our results highlight the multiple physical mechanisms that contribute to the CGM and will inform observational efforts to develop a cohesive picture.
NGC 7457: evidence for merger-driven cylindrical rotation in disc galaxies
Authors: Molaeinezhad A , Zhu L , Falcón-Barroso J , van de Ven G , Méndez-Abreu J , Balcells M , Aguerri J A L , Vazdekis A , Khosroshahi H G , Peletier R F 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
We construct Schwarzschild orbit-based models of NGC 7457, known as a peculiar low-mass lenticular galaxy. Our best-fitting model successfully retrieves most of the unusual kinematics behaviours of this galaxy, in which, the orbital distribution of stars is dominated by warm and hot orbits. The reconstructed surface brightness of the hot component matches fairly well the photometric bulge and the reconstructed LOSVD map of this component shows clear rotation around the major photometric axis of the galaxy. In the absence of a dominant cold component, the outer part of our model is dominated by warm orbits, representing an exponential thick disc. Our orbital analysis also confirms the existence of a counter-rotating orbital substructure in the very centre, reported in previous observational studies. By comparing our model with a variety of simulation studies, and considering the stellar kinematics and populations properties of this galaxy, we suggest that the thick disc is most likely a dynamically heated structure, formed through the interactions and accretion of satellite(s) with near-polar initial inclination. We also suggest a merger-driven process as the most plausible scenario to explain the observed and dynamically modelled properties of the bulge of NGC 7457. We conclude that both the high level of cylindrical rotation and unusually low velocity dispersion reported for the NGC 7457 have most likely external origins. Therefore, NGC 7457 could be considered as a candidate for merger-driven cylindrical rotation in the absence of a strong bar in disc galaxies.
Matrix-free tomographic reconstruction for atmospheric turbulence
Authors: Mello Alexandre J T S , Pipa Daniel R 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
Turbulence compensation in astronomy using adaptive optics depends on the use of tomographic techniques to work on wide fields of view. However, classic tomographic methods are computer intensive and consume too much memory to store the tomographic matrix. Recently, various methods have been proposed in an attempt to reduce memory requirements, for example using sparse methods. In this work, we propose a new alternative method that avoids matrices altogether, is faster than classical methods for big systems, and have a very small memory requirement to implement.