bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NGO dalam Diplomasi Ekonomi: Implementasi Program Sustainable Development Goals (SDG’s) Poin Pengentasan Ketimpangan Sosial di Indonesia
Authors: Ismail Achmad 
Published: June 2019

Abstrak
Perubahan konstelasi global memberikan dampak nyata dari segi aktor diplomasi ekonomi. Jikalau dahulu hanya negara dan MNC yang saling berinteraksi, kini dunia internasional memasukan NGO dan IGO kedalam interaksi diplomasi ekonomi saat ini dengan perannya masing-masing. INFID sebagai NGO berperan penting terhadap aktor diplomasi ekonomi lainnya. Lebih lanjut, dalam diplomasi ekonomi transnasional memiliki spesialisasi dengan memasukan isu transnasional, aktor NGO dan IGO di dalamnya. Artikel ini lebih spesifik menelaah implementasi SDGs di Indonesia –isu pengentasan ketimpangan sosial sebagai isu transnasional menunjukkan tren meningkat di dunia, khususnya di Indonesia. Artikel ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus maupun studi pustaka. Di lain sisi, artikel ini pula berargumen bahwa INFID memiliki peran penting dalam diplomasi ekonomi transnasional Indonesia dengan cara memberikan peran aktif dengan berbagai cara dalam proses pengambilan kebijakan pemerintah Indonesia maupun pada pertemuan PBB terkait implementasi SDGs poin pengentasan ketimpangan sosial. Pada kesimpulannya, isu pengentasan ketimpangan sosial menjadi isu transnasional yang semakin penting. Merespon isu tersebut, INFID sebagai NGO memiliki peran penting terhadap pengambilan kebijakan pemerintah Indonesia sebagai bagian diplomasi ekonomi transnasionalnya.
Kata kunci: NGO, pengurangan ketimpangan sosial, SDGs, diplomasi ekonomi transnasional

Abstract
Changes in the global constellation have a real impact in terms of economic diplomacy actors. If in the past only the state and MNC interacted with each other, now the international world has included NGOs and IGOs ​​into the interaction of current economic diplomacy with their respective roles. INFID as an NGO plays an important role in other economic diplomacy actors. Furthermore, in transnational economic diplomacy has a specialization by including transnational issues, NGO and IGO actors ​​in it. This article is more specific examine the implementation of SDGs in Indonesia - the issue of alleviating social inequality as a transnational issue shows an increasing trend in the world, especially in Indonesia. This article uses qualitative research methods with case study approach and literature studies. On the other hand, this article also argued that INFID has an important role in the Indonesia's transnational economic diplomacy by playing an active role in various ways in the Indonesian government's policy-making process as well as at UN meetings related to the implementation of the SDGs to reduce social inequality. In conclusion, the issue of alleviating social inequality has become an increasingly important transnational issue. Responding to the issue, INFID as an NGO has important role in the Indonesian government's policy making as part of its transnational economic diplomacy.
Keywords: NGOs, social inequality alleviation, SDGs, transnational economic diplomacy
Aerobic Exercise Decrease Cholesterol Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Authors: Triwibowo Cecep , Nurjannah Evi , Fitriyana Ikha , Fauziyah Yulia 
Published: June 2019

<p>ElevatedÂ cholesterolÂ level is one ofÂ the risksÂ for cardiovascular diseaseÂ in diabetes mellitus. Exercise is one of therapy in patients with diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of exercise on decrease cholesterol levels in patients with diabetes mellitus. This study used pre-post test one group design. Twenty-two patients with diabetes mellitus followed the intervention which is a twice a week exercise for 4 weeks. Cholesterol levels were measured before and after exercise. Data were analyzed byÂ dependent T-test. CholesterolÂ levels in patients with Â diabetesÂ mellitus beforeÂ the exercise reached 261.18Â±49.013 mg/dL and after intervention decreased to 224.41Â±26 mg/dL. Dependent t-test showed differences in cholesterol levels before and after exercise in patients with diabetes mellitus (p&lt;0.05). Exercise can lower cholesterol levels in patients with diabetes mellitus.</p>
Women Trafficking: Young Womenâ€™s Perspectives in West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Widiasih Restuning , Ermiati Ermiati , Emaliyawati Etika , Sutini Titin , Setyawati Anita , Rahayu Urip 
Published: June 2019

<p class="jkshead1">ABSTRACT</p>West Java province is the most contributors of women trafficking cases in Indonesia. Women trafficking threaten women in all age group, including young women. However, little is known young womenâ€™s perspectives of women trafficking especially in West Java region. The aim of this study was to determine young womenâ€™s perspectives of the impact of trafficking, and their actions to prevent it. This was a descriptive quantitative study. This study involved 361 young women ages 15-17 who chosen using the stratified random sampling technique. Respondents filled up questionnaire. Data were analysed using distribution of frequency. The study revealed that 65% of young women perceived that trafficking had negative impact to their health, and 71 % of them were also of the view that individual prevention was necessary. However, only 30 % of them perceived the importance of social support actions to prevent women trafficking. This study conclude that young women had different perceptions about impact of trafficking and actions to prevent it.Â There is a need of effective strategies to improve social support for preventing womenâ€™s trafficking. Enhancing womenâ€™s awareness, perceptions, and knowledge of human trafficking especially in West Java is also necessary.
Authors: Ekawati Ekawati , Wahyuni Ida 
Published: June 2019

Compliance of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Use for Midwives in Semarang Ida Wahyuni dan EkawatiOccupational Safety and Health Department, Faculty of Public Health Diponegoro UniversityCorresponding author: ekawatifkmundip@gmail.com
ABSTRACTMidwives as well as workers face the risk of occupational diseases. This risk increases because the midwife exposed to body fluids of pregnant / maternal women such as blood and amniotic fluid. Personal protective equipment is necessary to minimize the risk. The purpose of this study was to describe the compliance of personal protective equipment use on midwife. This was descriptive research with cross-sectional approach. Respondents were all midwives in the primary health care, there were 73 peoples. Data were obtained based on questionnaires. The results showed that 100% of midwives washed hands and put on gloves when handling patients. There were 87.8% of midwifves wear masks; 35.1% wear glasses and only 6.8% wear a hat. Midwives need to improve compliance with the use of personal protective equipment for masks, goggles and hats.Keywords: compliance of personal protective equipment, midwife
EL DERECHO DE SEPARACIÓN POR FALTA DE DISTRIBUCIÓN DE DIVIDENDOS EN EL SENO DE LOS GRUPOS DE SOCIEDADES
Authors: Brenes Cortés Josefa 
Published: June 2019

El apartado cuarto del artículo 348 bis de la Ley de Sociedades de Capital, incorporado por la Ley 11/2018, de 28 de diciembre reconoce un derecho de separación alternativo (cumulativo al del derecho de separación en cuentas individuales) en base a los resultados consolidados del grupo. La finalidad de la norma es la de garantizar a los socios de la sociedad dominante su propio derecho de separación en caso de insuficientes dividendos, lo que constituye una auténtica novedad respecto a la redacción anterior del precepto.
Perceived incentives and willingness of university medical students toward working in rural primary healthcare
Authors: Zou Kun , Chen Dandi 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background

Primary healthcare (PHC) is vital for providing more equitable, accessible and affordable healthcare to the population. However, there is a general lacking and disparity of distribution of PHC workforce, especially for rural areas in China as it is very hard to attract and retain high quality medical students to rural PHC. This study was to investigate the willingness of university medical students toward working in rural PHC and their perceived incentives and compare that between medical programmes.

Methods

An online questionnaire survey was conducted in a leading medical university of Western China in 2017. All second-year Preventive Medicine (MBP, 5 years programme) and third-year Doctorate of Medicine (MD, 8 years programme) students participated. The willingness and perceived incentives toward working in rural PHC were analysed and compared between students of the two programmes.

Results

A total of 201 students, including 115 MBP and 86 MD students, participated in the study. The overall willingness rate toward working in rural PHC was 16%. More MBP (23%) than MD students (7%) expressed willingness without mention of incentives (p<0.05). The most preferred incentives were adequate remuneration (62%), non-inferior working and living conditions to urban area (58%), limited service years (56%) and privilege to postgraduate education and promotion (55%), though 13% expressed willingness under no circumstances. More MBP than MD students preferred to postgraduate education and promotion (65% vs. 43%, p<0.05) and limited service years (63% vs. 56%, p<0.05), but similar in other incentives (p>0.05). The willingness rate increased from 2%~5%, 9%~14%, 27%~25%, to 81% with single-, two-, three-, four- incentives as mentioned above, and similar between students of the two programmes.

Conclusions

The willingness of university medical students to work in rural PHC was low. However, more MBP students show willingness than MD students. Multiple incentives including adequate remuneration, opportunities of postgraduate education and promotion, proper working and living conditions and limited service years may be much more effective than any single incentive to attract university medical students especially MBP students to rural PHC service. Further investigation of appropriate incentives in details and interventional studies are warranted to inform relevant policy making.
Characteristics and mechanism of a novel chitinase mutant from Trichoderma harzianum with enhanced activity
Authors: Chai Xinfeng , Li Jiahuang , Liu Jiayin , Chen Xiuling , Li Wei , Cheng Mozhen , Hu Yunlong , Zheng Wei , Wang Aoxue 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background: Chitinase from Trichoderma harzianum could inhibit various chitin-containing pathogens. In this study, a mutant of Chit42 (Chit42m) with high enzyme activity was established by error-prone PCR method.
Results: The Chit42m with three amino acids substitutions (D100G/I166V/A382P) was obtained from 1230 colonies. The activity of the Chit42m was enhanced by 1.26 times and affinity increased by 3.2 folds. The Chit42m showed the optimum temperature was 50 °C and pH 7.5.
Conclusion: Structural model and molecular docking analysis suggested that A382P may affect the catalytic activity of enzymes by affecting the conformation of key residues D169 and E171 related to catalysis, while I166V probably affects the affinity of chitin and enzymes by influencing the conformation of important substrate binding residues R52 and Y293. D100G had little effect on the changes of enzyme activity. This would put insight into the study of the site-specific mutations and provide promising gene material for the directed evolution chitinase.
WITHDRAWN: Comparison of 0.05% cyclosporine and 3% diquafosol solution for dry eye patients: A randomized, blinded, multicenter clinical trial
Authors: Park Chang Hyun , Lee Hyung Keun , Kim Mee Kum , Kim Eun Chul , Kim Jae Yong , Kim Tae-im , Kim Hong Kyun , Song Jong Suk , Yoon Kyung-Chul , Lee Do Hyung , Chung Tae-Young , Choi Chul Young , Kim Hyun Seung 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
This study is aim to compare the clinical effectiveness between the two most prominent dry eye disease (DED)-specific eye drops, 0.05% cyclosporine (CN) and 3% diquafosol (DQ).

Methods
This is a multi-centered, randomized, masked, prospective clinical study. A total of 153 DED patients were randomly allocated to use CN twice per day or DQ six times daily. Cornea and conjunctival staining scores (NEI scale), tear break-up time (TBUT), Schirmer test scores, and ocular surface disease index (OSDI) score were measured at baseline, 4 and 12 weeks after treatment.

Results
At 12 weeks after treatment, NEI scaled scores were significantly reduced from the baseline by -6.60 for CN and -6.63 for DQ group (all P<0.0001, P=0.9739 between groups). TBUT and Schirmer values for CN were significantly improved from the baseline at 4 and 12 weeks (P=0.0034, P<0.0001 for TBUT, P=0.0418, P=0.0031 for Schirmer test). However, for DQ, TBUT showed significant improvement at 12 weeks only (P=0.0281). Mean OSDI score differences from the baseline to 12 weeks were improved by -13.03±19.63 for CN and -16.11±20.87 for DQ, respectively (all P<0.0001, P=0.854 between groups). Regarding drug compliance, the mean instillation frequency of CN was less than that of DQ (P<0.001). There were no statistically significant intergroup differences in safety evaluation.

Conclusions
The level of improvement regarding NEI, TBUT, and OSDI scores were not significantly different between the two treatment groups. However, with regards to the early improvement of TBUT and patient compliance, patients using CN improved faster and with greater adherence to drug usage than did those treated with DQ.
Sanjin tablets for acute uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection (syndrome of dampness-heat in the lower jiao): protocol for randomized, double-blind, double dummy, parallel control of positive drug, multicentre clinical trial
Authors: Lyu Jian , Xie Yan-ming , Gao Zhan , Shen Jian-wu , Deng Yue-yi , Xiang Song-tao , Gao Wen-xi , Zeng Wen-tong , Zhang Chun-he , Yi Dan-hui , Wang Lian-xin , Wang Zhi-fei 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background Acute uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections. Patients usually present with dysuria, urinary urgency, urinary frequency and suprapubic pain or tenderness. Approximately 150 million people are diagnosed with UTI each year worldwide. The high recurrence rate of lower UTI is a common problem of clinical treatment. The misuse of antibiotics has led to the emergence of a number of resistant bacterial strains. Thus, traditional Chinese medicine is considered as an alternative option for treating acute uncomplicated lower UTI. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Sanjin tablets (SJT) for the treatment of acute uncomplicated lower UTI; explore whether SJT can reduce or substitute the use of antibiotics and reduce the recurrence rate in the treatment of acute uncomplicated lower UTI. Methods/design In this study, a randomized, double blind, double dummy, parallel control of positive drug, multicentre clinical study will be established. A total of 252 patients with acute uncomplicated lower UTI (syndrome of dampness-heat in the lower jiao) will be randomly allocated in the ratio of 1:1:1 to three groups: experimental group, control group 1 and control group 2. The experimental group receives Sanjin tablets plus levofloxacin tablets (LT) placebo; the control group 1 receives LT plus SJT placebo; and the control group 2 receives SJT plus LT on the first 5 days, SJT plus LT placebo on the last 2 days. Each group will be treated for 7 days and followed-up for 1-2 times. The primary outcome measures of effective rate and recurrence rate are symptoms. Secondary outcome measures of effective rate and recurrence rate are the urine leukocyte, bacteriology examination and safety assessment. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline and after treatment. Discussion This study protocol will provide the research data of efficacy and safety of SJT for the treatment of acute uncomplicated lower UTI. The first aim is to determine whether Sanjin tablets can reduce the use of antibiotics; the second aim is to determine whether Sanjin tablets can substitute the use of antibiotics. The recurrence rate will be assessed after cured to determine whether SJT can reduce the recurrence rate. The results of this study will improve the rational use of drugs, especially the rational application of antibiotics. It will also enable safety evaluation from laboratory indices and adverse events, which will provide reliable evidence for clinical treatment. Trial registration Clinical Trials.gov, NCT03658291. Registered on 4 September 2018.
Effects of Different Doses of Magnesium Sulfate on Pneumoperitoneum-related Hemodynamic Changes in Patients Undergoing Gastrointestinal Laparoscopy
Authors: Tan Wei , Qian Dong-chen , Zheng Meng-meng , Lu Xuan , Han Yuan , Qi Dun yi 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background: The infusion of magnesium sulfate is well known to reduce arterial pressure and attenuate hemodynamic response to pneumoperitoneum. This study aimed to investigate whether different doses of magnesium sulfate can effectively attenuate the pneumoperitoneum-related hemodynamic changes and the release of vasopressin in patients undergoing laparoscopic gastrointestinal surgery.
Methods: Sixty-nine patients undergoing laparoscopic partial gastrectomy were randomized into three groups: group L received magnesium sulfate 30 mg/kg loading dose and 15 mg/kg/h continuous maintenance infusion for 1 h; group H received magnesium sulfate 50 mg/kg followed by 30 mg/kg/h for 1 h; and group S (control group) received same volume 0.9% saline infusion, immediately before the induction of pneumoperitoneum. Systemic vascular resistance (SVR), cardiac output (CO), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), central venous pressure(CVP), serum vasopressin and magnesium concentrations were measured. The extubation time, visual analogue scale were also assessed. The primary outcome is the difference in SVR between different groups. The secondary outcome is the differences of other indicators between groups, such as CO, MAP, HR, CVP, vasopressin and postoperative pain score.
Results: Pneumoperitoneum instantly resulted in a significant reduction of cardiac output and an increase in mean arterial pressure, systemic vascular resistance, central venous pressure and heart rate in the control group (P < 0.01). The mean arterial pressure (T2 – T4), systemic vascular resistance (T2 – T3), central venous pressure(T3-T5) and the level of serum vasopressin were significantly lower (P < 0.05) and the cardiac output (T2 – T3) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in group H than those in the control group. The mean arterial pressure (T4) , systemic vascular resistance (T2) and central venous pressure(T3-T4) were significantly lower in group H than those in group L (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the visual analogue scales at 5 min and 20 min, the level of vasopressin, and the dosage of remifentanil were significantly decreased in group H compared to the control group and group L (P < 0.01).
Conclusion: Magnesium sulfate could safely and effectively attenuate the pneumoperitoneum-related hemodynamic instability during gastrointestinal laparoscopy and improve postoperative pain at serum magnesium concentrations above 2 mmol/L.
Robust booster chlorination in water distribution systems: design and operational perspectives under uncertainty
Authors: Nono Denis , Basupi Innocent 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Booster chlorination designs have been widely based on predefined (deterministic) network conditions and they perform poorly under uncertainty in water distribution systems (WDSs). This paper presents a scenario-based robust optimisation approach which was developed to obtain booster chlorination designs that withstand uncertain network operations and water demand conditions in the WDSs. An optimisation problem was formulated to minimise mass injection rates and the risk of chlorine disinfection. This problem was solved by a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II). The proposed approach was demonstrated using the Phakalane network in Botswana. The results present robust booster chlorination (RBC) designs, which indicate the number of boosters, locations and injection rates in the network. The performance of RBC designs evaluated under uncertainty reveals lower risks of chlorine disinfection compared to deterministic-based designs. The proposed approach obtains booster chlorination designs that respond better to uncertainty in the operations of WDSs.
Development of a risk-based tool for groundwater well rehabilitation and replacement decisions
Authors: Güngör-Demirci Gamze , Lee Juneseok , Keck Jonathan , Harrison Stephen J. , Bates Geoffrey 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Groundwater wells are critical drinking water infrastructure elements that widely support basic system supply needs while also providing supply reliability, better water quality (in some cases), and comparatively lower operational costs. Well rehabilitation and replacement are thus an area where water utilities could benefit from rational decision support frameworks and quantitative tools that enable them to better navigate the complex trade-off relationship(s) that exist among a variety of environmental quality, public health, financial, regulatory, organizational, and technological dimensions. Consistent with these considerations, a business risk-based prioritization tool was developed for this study that augments/extends California Water Service (Cal Water)'s well rehabilitation and the replacement decision-making process. For this derivation, a business risk exposure methodology is combined with an analytical hierarchy process (AHP), with the AHP being utilized to determine the weights of the factors involved in the likelihood of failure and the consequence of failure calculation. It is expected that the new tool will assist in optimizing inspection and action plans and identify the wells requiring attention and/or additional work for water utilities.
Comprehensive review on wastewater discharged from the coal-related industries – characteristics and treatment strategies
Authors: Maiti Deblina , Ansari Iqbal , Rather Mohd Ashraf , Deepa Arukula 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Wastewaters discharged from various coal-related activities deteriorate fresh water quality and inflict possibilities of groundwater contamination. Their characteristics mostly depend on the parent coal properties, though some of the pollutants are cyanide, thiocyanate, ammonia, phenol, heavy metals and suspended solids. This paper has reviewed the treatment techniques along with the characteristics of all such kinds of wastewater and also identified the challenges and future perspectives. Primarily, demineralization of coal can attenuate and control release of pollutants in wastewaters if implemented successfully. Mine water from non-lignite mines can be purified using simple techniques, for its reutilization. Acidic mine water and leachates can be treated using passive bioreactors with microbial activity, different organic substrates and limestone drains. Additionally bio-electrochemical systems, membranes, macrocapsules, zeolite filters, ores, physical barriers, and aquatic plants can also be used at various stages. Coal washery wastewater can be treated using natural coagulants obtained from plant extracts along with conventional coagulants. Nitrification and denitrification bacteria fixed in reactors along with activated carbon and zero-valent iron can treat coke oven wastewater. Some other sophisticated techniques are vacuum distillation, super critical oxidation, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis. Practical use of these methods, wisely in an integrated way, can reduce freshwater consumption.