bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cannabis use as a risk factor for psychotic‐like experiences: A systematic review of non‐clinical populations evaluated with the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences
Authors: Ragazzi Taciana C. C. , Shuhama Rosana , Menezes Paulo R. , Del‐Ben Cristina M. 
Published: June 2018

AimEpidemiological data have provided evidence that psychotic‐like experiences (PLEs) can occur in the general population, not necessarily accompanied by the impairment and suffering observed in formal psychiatric diagnoses. According to the psychosis continuum hypothesis, PLEs would be subject to the same risk factors as frank psychosis. The aim of this review was to summarize observational studies that evaluated cannabis use as a risk factor for PLEs as determined by the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences in non‐clinical samples. The instrument composed of 3 dimensions—positive, negative and depressive—is a scale specifically designed to assess the occurrence, frequency and impact of PLEs in non‐clinical population.MethodsWe searched PubMed/Medline, Web of Science and PsycInfo electronic databases for indexed peer‐reviewed studies published until September 2017.ResultsWe initially identified 100 articles. The PRISMA model for systematic reviews was used and 19 full‐text articles were analysed. In general, the findings suggested that the higher the cannabis use and the younger the participants, the higher the reports of PLEs, although associations were more consistent for the positive dimension.ConclusionsMore attention should be paid to the understanding of the risk factors of PLEs in the general population, since these experiences are themselves a risk for psychotic disorders.
Trajectories after first‐episode psychosis: Complement to ambiguous outcomes of long‐term antipsychotic treatment by exploring a few hidden cases
Authors: Liu Chen‐Chung , Lin Yi‐Ting , Liu Chih‐Min , Hsieh Ming H. , Chien Yi‐Ling , Hwang Tzung‐Jeng , Hwu Hai‐Gwo 
Published: June 2018

AimPatient's long‐term phenomenology after first‐episode psychosis could be blurred due to early intervention. The contradictory messages regarding necessity of long‐term antipsychotic treatment derived from different methodologies warrants careful reappraisal.MethodsWe approached a group of patients lost to follow‐up in a previous study. Targeting these 44 missing patients, we sent 2 carefully worded letters to invite them for interviews to see if their life trajectories were different from those who stayed in a university‐based hospital system.ResultsA total of 21 patients replied, but only 8 agreed to in‐depth interviews. Of these, 2 warranted revision of their diagnoses as there had been no recurrence of psychotic symptoms and they had remained antipsychotic‐free for several years despite displaying a dysthymic state; 1 fulfilled remission criteria on intermittent low‐dose antipsychotics but kept a distance from any potential stressor; 1 achieved full remission with good functioning and discontinued medications for a year, but resumed taking antipsychotics after feeling an impending relapse; the other 4 showed common courses of chronic schizophrenia with repeated admission and/or rehabilitation programs in other service systems.ConclusionsThe trajectories after first‐episode psychosis should not be over‐simplified by calculating the probability of relapse or the odds of achieving adequate functioning determined by medication adherence or not. Examining from a dynamic perspective employing a qualitative approach to take into account diagnostic stability, treatment preferences, psychosocial factors, individual coping strategies and personalized formulation of illness, we can gain more insight into the ambiguous information revealed by the recent literature.
Conceptualizations of subjective recovery from recent onset psychosis and its associated factors: A systematic review
Authors: Temesgen Worku A. , Chien Wai Tong , Bressington Daniel 
Published: June 2018

AimThere is no standard definition of “subjective recovery” from psychosis, its nature is currently contested and debated among service‐users and professionals. Individual studies have explored conceptualizations of subjective recovery from recent onset psychosis, but there have been no previously published systematic reviews on the topic. The aim of this review was to examine and synthesize quantitative and qualitative studies examining the concept of subjective recovery from recent onset psychosis and identify common factors associated with this recovery process.MethodsRelevant electronic databases (Medline, CINAHL, PsychInfo and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses) were searched and hand searches were also carried out. Publications in each database from the inceptions of the databases to April 12, 2017 were included. Data from selected articles were extracted using a piloted extraction form and thematic integrative analysis was performed.ResultsTen studies with different study designs were included in this review. Subjective recovery was conceptualized into 3 main themes: “recovery as outcome”, “recovery as process” and “endeavours during recovery”. Factors contributing to subjective recovery were categorized into 4 main themes; “treatment related”, “illness related”, “individual related” and “social environment” related. Non‐linear and subjective nature of the process of recovery were reinforced by the review findings.ConclusionsStudies in subjective recovery from recent onset psychosis are limited to developed countries. Acquiring hope and self‐confidence, overcoming symptoms and stigma through mobilizing all resources available were accentuated in conceptualizing subjective recovery and related factors. Recovery‐oriented health care services should acknowledge individual differences and involve service users in their care decisions.
Calibration of the potential drop method by means of electric FE analyses and experimental validation for a range of crack shapes
Authors: Campagnolo A. , Meneghetti G. , Berto F. , Tanaka K. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn experimental fatigue tests, it may be necessary to identify the onset of crack initiation, which is often defined at a given (short) crack length. Different experimental techniques are available to estimate the initiated crack size, one of which is the direct current potential drop technique. In this paper, the calibration curves reporting the potential drop change as a function of the crack depth have been derived by means of 3D electrical finite element analyses. Driven by previous experimental observations, two different crack shapes have been considered: (i) circumferential and (ii) semi‐elliptical surface cracks. Dealing with circumferential cracks, the effects of the three‐dimensional distribution of the electric current density and the temperature have been investigated. Concerning semi‐elliptical surface cracks, the effects of the crack aspect ratio and the potential probes locations have been analysed. Finally, the obtained calibration curves have been validated against experimental measurements, obtained by fatigue testing notched specimens under a selection of loading conditions.
Stock assessment of the blue jack mackerel, Trachurus picturatus, in the North‐eastern Atlantic
Authors: Vasconcelos Joana , Sousa Ricardo , Riera Rodrigo , Delgado João , Faria Graça , Serrano Gordo Leonel 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA total of 49,151 blue jack mackerel, Trachurus picturatus, (Bowdich) was collected in Madeira Island (North‐eastern Atlantic) between 2002 and 2016 to evaluate possible influence of fishing on landings and reproductive parameters. A decreasing trend in the length composition was observed over the study period and length at first maturity decreased by 2.78 cm TL. Maximum yield per recruit decreased from 2002 to 2016 but the corresponding fishing mortality was constant (Fmax = 0.4/year). Considering the fishing mortality level in 2016, it is evident that the stock may be exploited beyond its sustainability limit. Amendments of the purse‐seine fishing regulations and implementation of measures to reduce fishing effort are suggested.
Predictors of First‐Line Treatment Success in Children and Adolescents Visiting an Infusion Center for Acute Migraine
Authors: Orr Serena L. , Kabbouche Marielle A. , Horn Paul S. , O'Brien Hope L. , Kacperski Joanne , LeCates Susan , White Shannon , Weberding Jessica , Miller Mimi N. , Powers Scott W. , Hershey Andrew D. 
Published: June 2018

ObjectivesTo characterize a population of pediatric patients visiting an infusion center for acute migraine and determine predictors of first‐line treatment success in this population.BackgroundThough migraine is common in the pediatric emergency department and specialized infusion centers, little is known about this patient population and whether or not clinical data can be used to predict treatment response.MethodsThis was an observational study involving a retrospective analysis of data from visits to the Cincinnati Children's Hospital infusion center for treatment of an acute migraine. Data were extracted from a database and chart reviews were completed for missing or outlying data. Descriptive statistics were used to outline patient: sex, age, race, primary ICHD‐III diagnosis, chronic migraine, medication overuse headache (MOH), headache frequency, month of treatment, headache severity, headache duration, use of acute medication at home in the past 24 hours and treatment received (metoclopramide vs prochlorperazine and dexamethasone vs no dexamethasone). The odds of success of first‐line intervention were modeled using simple logistic regression with the above characteristics used as predictors. Predictors with a P value <.05 in the multiple logistic regression model with progressive backwards selection were entered into a final multiple logistic regression model controlling for age, sex and diagnosis, where a P value <.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsData from 837 visits (n = 837) were included in this analysis. Visits were significantly more frequent in the academic year as compared to the summer (Z = 10.716, P < .0001). In the multiple logistic regression model, the odds of first‐line treatment success decreased as headache frequency increased (OR = 0.951, 95% CI = 0.934‐0.969, P < .0001), were higher for patients without MOH (OR = 1.528, 95% CI = 1.097‐3.714, P = .0469), and were higher for patients who did not receive dexamethasone (OR = 1.528, 95% CI = 1.097‐3.714, P = .0469).ConclusionsHigher baseline headache frequency and presence of MOH may predict lower odds of treatment success after first‐line intervention for pediatric migraine in the acute setting. These predictors may be useful in stratifying patients for treatment protocols and for planning future intervention studies.
Malocclusion and maxillofacial characteristics of young girls having precocious puberty
Authors: de Paula Júnior Delcides Ferreira , Mendonça Elismauro Francisco , da Costa Paulo Sérgio Sucasas , Leles Cláudio Rodrigues 
Published: June 2018

AimThis study aimed to evaluate the dentofacial characteristics and need for orthodontic treatment in young girls having precocious puberty (PP).DesignIt was a cross‐sectional study that included 39 girls, age ranging from 6 to 11 years old, with confirmed diagnosis of PP. The Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) and the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) were used to assess malocclusion and the need for orthodontic treatment, and cephalometric analysis was used for the diagnosis of facial growth abnormalities. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and one‐sample t‐test.ResultsFindings revealed high prevalence (64.1%) of severe and very severe malocclusion (DAI grades 3‐4), and 82.1% of cases were classified as having moderate to high treatment need (IOTN grades 3‐4). All linear cephalometric measures and most of the angular parameters differed significantly from the reference values, indicating a tendency for Class II molar relationship. There was a high proportion of the sample outside the reference value limits, ranging from 79.5% of cases below the reference limits for facial height to 59.0% of cases above the limits for incisor‐mandibular plane angle.ConclusionsResults suggest that dental and craniofacial development may be associated with PP in young girls, which may be considered in the diagnosis and treatment decisions for orthopaedic/orthodontic intervention.
Characteristics of atrial fibrillation patients suffering atrioesophageal fistula after radiofrequency catheter ablation
Authors: Kim Yun Gi , Shim Jaemin , Kim Dong‐Hyeok , Choi Jong‐Il , Park Sang‐Weon , Pak Hui‐Nam , Kim Young‐Hoon 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIntroductionRadiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients can cause various complications and atrioesophageal (AE) fistula is one of the most catastrophic complications of RFCA.Methods and resultsRFCA registries from 3 cardiovascular centers in the Republic of Korea consisted of 5721 patients undergoing 6724 procedures. Before undergoing RFCA, patients underwent either computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. We evaluated clinical, anatomical, and procedural characteristics of patients who developed AE fistula after RFCA. A total of 10 patients developed AE fistula after RFCA (0.15% per procedure). All AE fistulas occurred during first‐time RFCA. Eight patients died and mortality rate was 80.0%. No patients had any gastrointestinal symptom at the time of discharge and mean duration time from RFCA to symptom onset was 23.4 days. Six patients (60.0%) had paroxysmal AF. Substrate modification in addition to pulmonary vein isolation was performed in 4 patients (40.0%). Patients with old age, low body weight, and high CHA2DS2‐VASc score were at increased risk of AE fistula. Baseline imaging evaluation revealed that esophagus had closest contact with LA posterior wall near left inferior pulmonary vein rather than left superior pulmonary vein and all documented AE fistulas were located near left inferior pulmonary vein.ConclusionPosterior wall of LA near left inferior pulmonary vein was the most vulnerable location for AE fistula. Pulmonary vein isolation was the main lesion set associated with AE fistula and old age, low body weight, and high CHA2DS2‐VASc score were significant risk factors for AE fistula.
Staging and grading of periodontitis: Framework and proposal of a new classification and case definition
Authors: Tonetti Maurizio S. , Greenwell Henry , Kornman Kenneth S. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundAuthors were assigned the task to develop case definitions for periodontitis in the context of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri‐Implant Diseases and Conditions. The aim of this manuscript is to review evidence and rationale for a revision of the current classification, to provide a framework for case definition that fully implicates state‐of‐the‐art knowledge and can be adapted as new evidence emerges, and to suggest a case definition system that can be implemented in clinical practice, research and epidemiologic surveillance.MethodsEvidence gathered in four commissioned reviews was analyzed and interpreted with special emphasis to changes with regards to the understanding available prior to the 1999 classification. Authors analyzed case definition systems employed for a variety of chronic diseases and identified key criteria for a classification/case definition of periodontitis.ResultsThe manuscript discusses the merits of a periodontitis case definition system based on Staging and Grading and proposes a case definition framework. Stage I to IV of periodontitis is defined based on severity (primarily periodontal breakdown with reference to root length and periodontitis‐associated tooth loss), complexity of management (pocket depth, infrabony defects, furcation involvement, tooth hypermobility, masticatory dysfunction) and additionally described as extent (localized or generalized). Grade of periodontitis is estimated with direct or indirect evidence of progression rate in three categories: slow, moderate and rapid progression (Grade A‐C). Risk factor analysis is used as grade modifier.ConclusionsThe paper describes a simple matrix based on stage and grade to appropriately define periodontitis in an individual patient. The proposed case definition extends beyond description based on severity to include characterization of biological features of the disease and represents a first step towards adoption of precision medicine concepts to the management of periodontitis. It also provides the necessary framework for introduction of biomarkers in diagnosis and prognosis.
Extent of adaptation is not limited by unpredictability of the environment in laboratory populations of Escherichia coli
Authors: Karve Shraddha M. , Bhave Devika , Dey Sutirth 
Published: June 2018

AbstractEnvironmental variability is on the rise in different parts of the earth, and the survival of many species depends on how well they cope with these fluctuations. Our current understanding of how organisms adapt to unpredictably fluctuating environments is almost entirely based on studies that investigate fluctuations among different values of a single environmental stressor such as temperature or pH. How would unpredictability affect adaptation when the environment fluctuates between qualitatively very different kinds of stresses? To answer this question, we subjected laboratory populations of Escherichia coli to selection over ~ 260 generations. The populations faced predictable and unpredictable environmental fluctuations across qualitatively different selection environments, namely, salt and acidic pH. We show that predictability of environmental fluctuations does not play a role in determining the extent of adaptation, although the extent of ancestral adaptation to the chosen selection environments is of key importance.
Mechanisms in practice: A methodological approach
Authors: Ioannidis Stavros , Psillos Stathis 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we offer a minimal characterization of the concept of mechanism in biomedicine, according to which a mechanism is a theoretically described causal pathway. We argue that this conception can be drawn from scientific practice, as illustrated by how a central biological and biomedical mechanism, the mechanism of apoptosis, was first identified and characterized. We will use the example of cytological and biochemical theoretical descriptions of the mechanism of apoptosis to draw lessons about the meaning of the concept of mechanism in biomedical contexts and to contrast our preferred account of mechanism with some prominent accounts within the philosophical literature. The main outcome of our discussion will be that commitment to mechanism is first and foremost a methodological stance.
Do the contemporary dietary patterns of children align with national food and nutrient recommendations?
Authors: Holmes K.‐L. , Rollo M. E. , Collins C. E. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundChildhood nutrition is important in optimising growth, development and future health. The present study compared dietary intakes of Australian children aged 4–8 years with (i) Australian Guide to Healthy Eating (AGHE) food group recommendations and (ii) age‐specific Nutrient Reference Values (NRVs), in addition to (iii) describing food group intakes of children meeting key NRVs.MethodsData were obtained from a representative sample of children (n = 789) from the National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey between May 2011 and June 2012. Parent‐reported 24‐h recall dietary data were disaggregated into five core food groups, along with energy‐dense, nutrient‐poor (EDNP) foods, with intakes being compared with AGHE recommendations. Food group intakes were compared for children meeting the NRVs for 10 nutrients used for the development of AGHE food groups. Chi‐squared and t‐tests were performed to determine differences in food group intakes with P < 0.05 considered statistically significant.ResultsOnly one child met the recommended daily servings for all AGHE core food groups and none met both core and energy‐dense, nutrient‐poor (EDNP) food group recommendations. The lowest level of alignment (percentage meeting recommendations) was for vegetables (4.6%) and the highest was for fruit (47.7%). Mean (SD) daily intake of EDNP foods [4.7 (3.2) serves day−1] accounted for 38.4% of total energy intakes. Children meeting key NRVs (n = 395) consumed greater daily servings of fruit [2.2 (1.7)], dairy [2.2 (1.2)] and EDNP foods [5.0 (3.4)] compared to the total sample (n = 789).ConclusionsSignificant discrepancies exist between contemporary dietary patterns of Australian children and national recommendations. Future AGHE revisions should incorporate greater diversity of consumption patterns, including sub‐categories of EDNP foods.
‘For me it's about not feeling like I'm on a diet’: a thematic analysis of women's experiences of an intermittent energy restricted diet to reduce breast cancer risk
Authors: Donnelly L. S. , Shaw R. L. , Pegington M. , Armitage C. J. , Evans D. G. , Howell A. , Harvie M. N. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundWeight‐loss programmes requiring intermittent energy restriction offer an alternative to continuous energy restriction programmes that typically have low adherence. We reported greater weight loss, better adherence and spontaneous reduced energy intake on healthy eating days with intermittent as opposed to continuous energy restriction. The present study aims to explore why intermittent energy restriction diets exert these positive effects.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were carried out with 13 women aged 39–62 years, who followed a 4‐month intermittent energy restriction (2 days of low energy/low carbohydrate, 5 days of healthy eating). Nine of the 13 women successfully lost >5% of their total body weight. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsThe intermittent regimen redefined the meaning of dieting and normal eating. Women reconceptualised dieting as only two low energy days per week, even though this often differed from their pre‐diet eating patterns. Women reported that they could adhere more closely to the rules of the intermittent diet compared to previously attempted continuous diets. They found that the intermittent diet was less cognitively demanding because the restrictive and clear rules of the intermittent diet were easier to understand and easier to follow than with continuous dieting.ConclusionsMany participants found intermittent dieting preferable to previous experiences of continuous dieting. The findings provide some insight into the ways in which intermittent dieting is successful, and why it could be considered a viable alternative to continuous energy restriction for weight loss.