bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adolescent obesity in the past decade: A systematic review of genetics and determinants of food choice
Authors: Campbell Eleanor T. , Franks Alexis T. , Joseph Paule V. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT

Background and purpose:
As the incidence of global obesity increases, concerns about adverse health outcomes in adolescents continues to rise. The complexity and expense of this problem require early recognition and specific preventive treatments. Knowledge of genetics and determinants of food choices contributing to adolescent obesity warrants further examination. The primary goal was to appraise the literature from the past decade (2007–2017) on the current state of food choice and genetic determinants of adolescent overweight/obesity in the United States. The secondary goal was to determine trends in the literature and areas for future research.

Methods:
A systematic review of research studies in the United States from 2007 to 2017 was completed. Database searches were conducted using CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, PsycArticles, PubMed, Scopus, Academic Search Complete, Web of Science, BIOSIS, and the Cochrane Library. A total of 535 studies were selected. Of these, 283 studies focused on determinants of food choices and 165 studies focused on genetic factors.

Conclusions:
A total of 41 full-text articles included in this literature review contained studies limited exclusively to adolescents. Stress factors related to food choices demonstrated a new trend being explored. The need for precision health, the application of genetic information, could uncover ways food choices affect adolescent obesity.

Implications for practice:
The etiology of adolescent obesity requires that nurses gain knowledge of genetics and food choice determinants to inform personalized treatments for adolescents, which may establish effective interventions that promote healthy weight achievement.
Improving lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer/questioning health: Using a standardized patient experience to educate advanced practice nursing students
Authors: Kuzma Elizabeth K. , Graziano Christie , Shea Elizabeth , Schaller Franklin V. , Pardee Michelle , Darling-Fisher Cynthia S. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer/questioning (LGBTQ) persons account for 3.5% of the population. Nursing programs in the United States provide a median of 2.13 hours of formal content regarding LGBTQ health, which contributes to iatrogenic barriers to care. Patient experiences related to inadequate provider preparation include misguided treatment strategies, impedance of communication, and abuse. A pilot educational project was developed to provide advanced practice nursing (APRN) students meaningful clinical interactions with LGBTQ-identifying standardized patients (SPs) to better prepare them to care for LGBTQ patients with cultural humility. This project was determined to be Exempt by the Institutional Review Board at the University of Michigan. Implemented in an advanced health assessment course with 99 APRN students, components of the project included course readings, lecture content, laboratory activities, an SP experience, and both large and small debriefing sessions. The SP experience itself was a 15-minute clinical encounter with a patient presenting with “abdominal pain,” with an emphasis on history-taking, communication, and cultural humility. Qualitative data analysis was performed using the constant comparison method to interpret the results from student evaluations and other written feedback. This pilot project has promise to inform future educational offerings and set the standard for LGBTQ health content and application for APRN students. Further research is needed to evaluate the quality of LGBTQ content in APRN curricula to improve the ability of APRN students to provide care to LGBTQ patients.
Understanding the mental health impact of human trafficking
Authors: Stevens Susan , Acker Shekitta , Green Kristina , Swales Sheila , Fulmer Holly M. , Fortinsky Rachel , Nicholas Patrice K. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this report was to review the mental health consequences related to human trafficking and the important role of health care providers, particularly advanced practice nurses, nurse practitioners (NPs), and psychiatric mental health NPs in identifying and responding to trafficking victims. The framework was based on a biopsychosocial model for assessment and a trauma-informed approach to care. An integrative review of the literature was conducted to offer a comprehensive overview of the mental health consequences. Deleterious mental health consequences are common in individuals who have experienced trafficking, and symptoms suffered by individuals were assessed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder, as well as additional guidelines specific to a trauma-informed approach. Mental health sequelae experienced by trafficking survivors must be understood using a comprehensive trauma-informed framework for assessment and treatment.
Inotropes and vasopressors use in cardiogenic shock: when, which and how much?
Authors: Levy Bruno , Buzon Julie , Kimmoun Antoine 
Published: June 2019

Purpose of review
Data and interventional trials regarding vasopressor and inotrope use during cardiogenic shock are scarce. Their use is limited by their side-effects and the lack of solid evidence regarding their effectiveness in improving outcomes. In this article, we review the current use of vasopressor and inotrope agents during cardiogenic shock.

Recent findings
Two recent Cochrane analyses concluded that there was not sufficient evidence to prove that any one vasopressor or inotrope was superior to another in terms of mortality. A recent RCT and a meta-analysis on individual data suggested that norepinephrine may be preferred over epinephrine in patients with cardiogenic shock . For inotrope agents, when norepinephrine fails to restore perfusion, dobutamine represents the first-line agent. Levosimendan is a calcium sensitizer agent, which improves acute hemodynamics, albeit with uncertain effects on mortality.

Summary
When blood pressure needs to be restored, norepinephrine is a reasonable first-line agent. Dobutamine is the first-line inotrope agent wheraes levosimendan can be used as a second-line agent or preferentially in patients previously treated with beta-blockers. Current information regarding comparative effective outcomes is nonetheless sparse and their use should be limited as a temporary bridge to recovery, mechanical circulatory support or heart transplantation.
Neutrophils and type 1 diabetes: current knowledge and suggested future directions
Authors: Battaglia Manuela , Petrelli Alessandra , Vecchio Federica 
Published: June 2019

Purpose of review
Purpose of this review is to describe the most recent human studies on neutrophils in type 1 diabetes (T1D) and to focus on the key questions that still need to be addressed.

Recent findings
Recent evidences demonstrate that neutrophils have marked abnormalities in phenotype and function and play a central role in initiation and perpetuation of aberrant immune responses and organ damage in various systemic autoimmune diseases such as lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. In T1D, we have recently demonstrated that reduced circulating neutrophil numbers precede and accompany the disease and that neutrophils infiltrate the pancreas and extrude neutrophil extracellular traps already before the onset of clinical symptoms. However, few other evidences of alterations in neutrophil phenotype and function have been reported in humans, especially in the T1D presymptomatic phases.

Summary
Dissecting the pathogenic role of these cells in human T1D is crucial for a better understanding of the disease and to open new therapeutic opportunities.
Evaluation of a Novel Medicolegal Death Investigator–Based Suicide Surveillance System to the National Violent Death Reporting System
Authors: Repp Kimberly K. , Hawes Eva , Rees Kathleen J. , Lovato Charles , Knapp Adam , Stauffenberg Michele 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe abundance of actionable information available in a medicolegal suicide investigation is often inaccessible and underutilized in public health to the detriment of prevention efforts. Epidemiologists obtained the Washington County subset of the Oregon Violent Death Reporting System (OR-VDRS). To determine if additional information beyond the OR-VDRS was available through a standard death investigation, an epidemiologist shadowed medicolegal death investigators (MDIs) for nearly 2 years. The MDIs and epidemiologist developed a novel, real-time, MDI-entered surveillance system, the Suicide Risk Factor Surveillance System (SRFSS), to capture suicide risk factor data with greater timeliness and accuracy than available through the OR-VDRS. To evaluate the performance of each surveillance system, differences in the prevalence of suicide risk factor data from SRFSS were compared with the county OR-VDRS subset for the same 133 suicides occurring in 2014–2015. Across 27 suicide risk factors and circumstances, the median difference in prevalence was 10.5 percentage points between the OR-VDRS and the SRFSS, with the higher prevalence in SRFSS. The prevalence was significantly different between the 2 surveillance systems for 21 (78%) of 27 variables. This study demonstrates the truly exceptional data quality and timeliness of MDI information over traditional sources.
Current Approach to the Evaluation and Management of Acute Compartment Syndrome in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Gottlieb Michael , Adams Shayna , Landas Trevor 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Acute compartment syndrome is an emergent condition caused by increased pressure within a closed compartment. The most common etiology is fractures, but there a number of atraumatic causes cited in the literature. Acute compartment syndrome occurs most frequently in the anterior compartment of the lower leg, followed by the volar forearm. Patients may present with severe pain, pain with passive stretch, swelling, paresthesias, numbness, weakness, decreased pulses, and delayed capillary refill. No finding in isolation can exclude the diagnosis. Direct measurement of the intracompartmental pressure is the most important diagnostic test. Treatment involves removal of compressive dressings and surgical consultation for emergent fasciotomy.
The Complementary Role of Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Evaluation of Endometriosis: A Review
Authors: Craig Elizabeth V. , Shannon LeAnn M. , Andreotti Rochelle F. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Endometriosis is a common problem affecting millions of reproductive age women worldwide. It is frequently associated with pain, and it is the number one cause of infertility in women over the age of 25. As a radiologist, one must be familiar with the various presentations of endometriosis to accurately diagnose and help triage patients. Although ultrasound remains the mainstay of diagnosis, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is frequently used in a complementary fashion as a problem-solving tool. This article will expand upon the complementary role of MRI and highlight clinical scenarios where MRI can provide additional information that could not be obtained in the patient's initial ultrasound.
Transcranial focused ultrasound to rIFG improves response inhibition through modulation of the P300 onset latency
Authors: Fine Justin M. , Fini Maria E. , Mysore Archana S. , Tyler William J. , Santello Marco 
Published: June 2019

AbstractResponse inhibition is important to avoid undesirable behavioral action consequences. Neuroimaging and lesion studies point to a locus of inhibitory control in right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG). Electrophysiology studies have implicated a downstream event-related potential from rIFG, the fronto-central P300, as a putative neural marker of the success and timing of inhibition over behavioral responses. However, it remains to be established whether rIFG effectively drives inhibition as represented by the P300 activity, and whether rIFG contributions to inhibition are conveyed through either the P300 timing or amplitude. Here, we aimed to causally uncover the connection between rIFG and P300 for inhibition by using transcranial focused ultrasound (tfUS) to target rIFG of human subjects while they performed a Stop-Signal task. By applying tFUS simultaneous with different task events, we found behavioral inhibition was improved only when applied to rIFG simultaneous with a ‘stop’ signal. Applying tFUS simultaneous with the ‘go’ signal or control regions had no impact on behavior. The improvement in inhibition performance caused by tFUS to rIFG during stop conditions occurred through faster stopping times that were paired with significantly shorter P300 latencies, whereas amplitude was not affected. These results reveal a causal connection between rIFG in driving response inhibition in that it may regulate the speed of stopping directly, as indexed by the reduced P300 onset latency during tFUS. Our tFUS-EEG approach provides a causal connection, in healthy humans, between prefrontal rIFG regions and downstream P300 production in service of inhibitory control.
Eating in a losing cause: limited benefit of modified macronutrient consumption following infection in the oriental cockroachBlatta orientalis
Authors: Sieksmeyer Thorben , He Shulin , Esparza-Mora M. Alejandra , Jiang Shixiong , Petrašiūnaitė Vesta , Kuropka Benno , Banasiak Ronald , Julseth Mara Jean , Weise Christoph , Johnston Paul R. , Rodríguez-Rojas Alejandro , McMahon Dino P. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundHost-pathogen interactions can lead to dramatic changes in host feeding behaviour. One aspect of this includes self-medication, where infected individuals consume substances such as toxins or alter their macronutrient consumption to enhance immune competence. Another widely adopted animal response to infection is illness-induced anorexia, which is thought to assist host immunity directly or by limiting the nutritional resources available to pathogens. Here, we recorded macronutrient preferences of the global pest cockroach,Blatta orientalisto investigate how shifts in host macronutrient dietary preference and quantity of carbohydrate (C) and protein (P) interact with immunity following bacterial infection.ResultsWe find thatB. orientalisavoids diets enriched for P under normal conditions, and that high P diets reduce cockroach survival in the long term. However, following bacterial challenge, cockroaches significantly reduced their overall nutrient intake, particularly of carbohydrates, and increased the relative ratio of protein (P:C) consumed. Surprisingly, these behavioural shifts had a limited effect on cockroach immunity and survival, with minor changes to immune protein abundance and antimicrobial activity between individuals placed on different diets, regardless of infection status.ConclusionsWe show that cockroach feeding behaviour can be modulated by a pathogen, resulting in an illness-induced anorexia-like feeding response and a shift from a C-enriched to a more P:C equal diet. However, our results also indicate that such responses do not provide significant immune protection inB. orientalis, suggesting that the host’s dietary shift might also result from random rather than directed behaviour. The lack of an apparent benefit of the shift in feeding behaviour highlights a possible reduced importance for diet in immune regulation in these invasive animals, although further investigations employing pathogens with alternative infection strategies are warranted.
Precapillary sphincters control cerebral blood flow
Authors: Grubb Søren , Cai Changsi , Hald Bjørn O. , Khennouf Lila , Fordsmann Jonas , Murmu Reena , Jensen Aske G. K. , Zambach Stefan , Lauritzen Martin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractActive nerve cells produce and release vasodilators that increase their energy supply by dilating local blood vessels, a mechanism termed neurovascular coupling, which is the basis of the BOLD (blood-oxygen-level-dependent) functional neuroimaging signals. We here reveal a unique mechanism for cerebral blood flow control, a precapillary sphincter at the transition between the penetrating arteriole and the first capillary that links blood flow in capillaries to the arteriolar inflow. Large NG2-positive cells, containing smooth muscle actin, encircle the sphincters and rises in nerve cell activity cause astrocyte and neuronal Ca2+ rises that correlate to dilation and shortening of the sphincter concomitant with substantial increases in the RBC flux. Global ischemia and cortical spreading depolarization constrict sphincters and cause vascular trapping of blood cells. These results reveal precapillary sphincters as bottlenecks for brain capillary blood flow.
Assessing aneuploidy with repetitive element sequencing
Authors: Douville Christopher , Cohen Joshua D. , Ptak Janine , Popoli Maria , Schaefer Joy , Silliman Natalie , Dobbyn Lisa , Schoen Robert E. , Tie Jeanne , Gibbs Peter , Goggins Michael , Wolfgang Christopher L. , Wang Tian-Li , Shih Ie-Ming , Karchin Rachel , Lennon Anne Marie , Hruban Ralph H. , Tomasetti Cristian , Bettegowda Chetan , Kinzler Kenneth W. , Papadopoulos Nickolas , Vogelstein Bert 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe report a sensitive PCR-based assay that can detect aneuploidy in samples containing as little as 3 picograms of DNA. Using a single primer pair, we amplified ∼750,000 amplicons distributed throughout the genome Aneuploidy was detected in 49% of liquid biopsies from a total of 883 non-metastatic cancers of eight different types. Combining aneuploidy with somatic mutation detection and eight standard protein biomarkers yielded a median sensitivity of 80% at 99% specificity.
Stress-Induced Expression is Enriched for Evolutionarily Young Genes in Diverse Budding Yeasts
Authors: Doughty Tyler W. , Domenzain Iván , Millan-Oropeza Aaron , Montini Noemi , de Groot Philip A. , Pereira Rui , Nielsen Jens , Henry Céline , Daran Jean-Marc G. , Siewers Verena , Morrissey John P. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe Saccharomycotina subphylum (budding yeasts) spans more than 400 million years of evolution and includes species that thrive in many of Earth’s harsh environments. Characterizing species that grow in harsh conditions could enable the design of more robust yeast strains for biotechnology. However, tolerance to stressful conditions is a multifactorial response, which is difficult to understand since many of the genes involved are as yet uncharacterized. In this work, three divergent yeast species were grown under multiple stressful conditions to identify stress-induced genes. For each condition, duplicated and non-conserved genes were significantly enriched for stress responsiveness compared to single-copy conserved genes. To understand this further, we developed a sorting method that considers evolutionary origin and duplication timing to assign an evolutionary age to each gene. Subsequent analysis of the sets of genes that changed expression revealed a relationship between stress-induced genes and the youngest gene set, regardless of the species or stress in question. These young genes are rarely essential for growth and evolve rapidly, which may facilitate their functionalization for stress tolerance and may explain their stress-induced expression. These findings show that systems-level analyses that consider gene age can expedite the identification of stress tolerance genes.
Transcriptional profiling of the murine airway response to acute ozone exposure
Authors: Tovar Adelaide , Smith Gregory J. , Thomas Joseph M. , Harkema Jack R. , Kelada Samir N. P. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractExposure to ambient ozone (O3) pollution causes airway inflammation, epithelial injury, and decreased lung function. Long-term exposure is associated with increased mortality and exacerbations of respiratory conditions. While the adverse health effects of O3 exposure have been thoroughly described, less is known about the molecular processes that drive these outcomes. The aim of this study was to describe the cellular and molecular alterations observed in murine airways after exposure to either 1 or 2 ppm O3. After exposing adult, female C57BL/6J mice to filtered air, 1 or 2 ppm O3 for 3 hours, we assessed hallmark responses including airway inflammatory cell counts, epithelial permeability, cytokine secretion, and morphological alterations of the large airways. Further, we performed RNA-seq to profile gene expression in two critical tissues involved in O3 responses: conducting airways (CA) and airway macrophages (AM). We observed a concentration-dependent increase in airway inflammation and injury, and a large number of genes were differentially expressed in both target tissues at both concentrations of O3. Genes that were differentially expressed in CA were generally associated with barrier function, detoxification processes, and cellular proliferation. The differentially expressed genes in AM were associated with innate immune signaling, cytokine production, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Overall, our study has described transcriptional responses to acute O3 exposure, revealing both shared and unique gene expression patterns across multiple concentrations of O3 and in two important O3-responsive tissues. These profiles provide broad mechanistic insight into pulmonary O3 toxicity, and reveal a variety of targets for refined follow-up studies.
VIRGO, a comprehensive non-redundant gene catalog, reveals extensive within community intraspecies diversity in the human vagina
Authors: Ma Bing , France Michael , Crabtree Jonathan , Holm Johanna B. , Humphrys Mike , Brotman Rebecca , Ravel Jacques 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundAnalysis of metagenomic and metatranscriptomic data is complicated and typically requires extensive computational resources. Leveraging a curated reference database of genes encoded by members of the target microbiome can make these analyses more tractable. Unfortunately, there is no such reference database available for the vaginal microbiome.ResultsIn this study, we assembled a comprehensive human vaginal non-redundant gene catalog (VIRGO) from 264 vaginal metagenomes and 416 genomes of urogenital bacterial isolates. VIRGO includes 0.95 million non-redundant genes compiled from a total of 5.5 million genes belonging to 318 unique bacterial species. We show that VIRGO covers more than 95% of the vaginal bacterial gene content in metagenomes from North American, African, and Chinese women. The gene catalog was extensively functionally annotated from 17 diverse protein databases, and importantly taxonomy was assigned throughin silicobinning of genes derived from metagenomic assemblies. To further enable focused analyses of individual genes and proteins, we also clustered the non-redundant genes into vaginal orthologous groups (VOG). The gene-centric design of VIRGO and VOG provides an easily accessible tool to comprehensively characterize the structure and function of vaginal metagenome and metatranscriptome datasets. To highlight the utility of VIRGO, we analyzed 1,507 additional vaginal metagenomes, uncovering an as of yet undetected high degree of intraspecies diversity within and across vaginal microbiota.ConclusionsVIRGO offers a convenient reference database and toolkit that will facilitate a more in-depth understanding of the role of vaginal microorganisms in women’s health and reproductive outcomes.