bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pectoral Dimorphism Is a Pervasive Feature of Skate Diversity and Offers Insight into their Evolution
Authors: Martinez C M , Kao B H , Sparks J S , Wainwright P C 
Published: June 2019

Synopsis
Mature skates (Batoidea: Rajoidei) display a unique form of sexual dimorphism in which males develop a concave anterior pectoral fin, giving them a bell-shaped appearance. Recent work has linked the male-specific transformation to differential skeletal development that is coincident with the rapid elongation of claspers, cartilage-supported intromittent organs. Still, little is known about the prevalence of pectoral dimorphism across skates or of interspecific variation in its expression. Here, we use various morphological approaches to broadly explore pectoral dimorphism in skates, with the goal of understanding its significance in their evolutionary history. We find that pectoral fin sexual dimorphism exists across skate diversity, positively identifying its presence in at least 131 species spanning 33 genera, approximately 40% of valid species. Further, we show that the nature of male–female shape change is largely consistent across species, but that it differs in its magnitude at a biologically meaningful scale. Finally, we use the pygmy skate Fenestraja plutonia as a case study to illustrate ontogenetic patterns in the development of pectoral fin dimorphism, additionally identifying sex-based differences in the pelvic girdle and jaw. Our work suggests that the diversity of pectoral dimorphism in skates is linked to comparative growth and maturation, and potentially to processes underlying reproductive and life history diversification within the group.
Increased pelvic mobility and altered hip muscles contraction patterns: two-year follow-up cam-FAIS corrective surgery
Authors: Catelli Danilo S , Kowalski Erik , Beaulé Paul E , Lamontagne Mario 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFemoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) surgery can produce improvements in function and patient satisfaction; however, data on muscle assessment and kinematics of high mobility tasks of post-operative patients is limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate kinematics and muscle activity during a deep squat task, as well as muscle strength in a 2-year follow-up FAIS corrective surgery. Eleven cam morphology patients underwent motion and electromyography capture while performing a squat task prior and 2-years after osteochondroplasty and were BMI-, age- and sex-matched to 11 healthy control (CTRL) participants. Isometric muscle strength, flexibility and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were also evaluated. Post-operative FAIS was significantly weaker during hip flexion (23%) and hip flexion-with-abduction (25%) movements when compared with CTRL, no improvements in squat depth were observed. However, post-operative FAIS increased the pelvic range of motion during the squat descent (P = 0.016) and ascent (P = 0.047). They had greater peak activity for the semitendinosus and total muscle activity for the gluteus medius, but decreased peak activity for the glutei and rectus femoris during squat descent; greater total muscle activity for the tensor fascia latae was observed during squat ascent (P = 0.005). Although not improving squat depth, post-operative patients increased pelvic ROM and showed positive PROMs. The muscle weakness associated with hip flexion and flexion-with-abduction observed at the follow-up can be associated with the alterations in the muscle activity and neuromuscular patterns. Rehabilitation programs should focus on increasing pelvis and hip muscles flexibility and strength.
Is Prolonged Slow Expiration a Reproducible Airway Clearance Technique?
Authors: Nogueira Márcia C Pires , Ribeiro Simone N S , Silva Élida P , Guimarães Carolina Lopes , Wandalsen Gustavo F , Solé Dirceu , Lanza Fernanda C 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
Prolonged slow expiration (PSE) is a manual chest physical therapy technique routinely performed in clinical practice. However, the reliability and agreement of the technique have not been tested.

Objective
The objective of this study was to assess reliability and agreement between physical therapists during the application of PSE in infants with wheezing.

Design
This was a cross-sectional study.

Methods
Infants with a mean age of 59 weeks (SD = 26 weeks) were included in this study. Two physical therapists (physical therapist 1 and physical therapist 2) randomly performed 3 PSE sequences (A, B, and C). The expiratory reserve volume (ERV) was measured with a pneumotachograph connected to a face mask. ERV was used to evaluate the reproducibility of the technique between sequences and between physical therapist 1 and physical therapist 2.

Results
The mean ERV of the infants was 63 mL (SD = 21 mL). There was no statistically significant difference between the ERV values in the 3 sequences for physical therapist 1 (A: mean = 46.6 mL [SD = 17.8 mL]; B: mean = 45.7 mL [SD = 19.9 mL]; C: mean = 53.3 mL [SD = 26.3 mL]) and physical therapist 2 (A: mean = 43.5 mL [SD = 15.4 mL]; B: mean = 43.2 mL [SD = 18.3 mL]; C: mean = 44.8 mL [SD = 25.0 mL]). There was excellent reliability between the sequences for physical therapist 1 (ICC = 0.88 [95% CI = 0.63–0.95]) and physical therapist 2 (ICC = 0.82 [95% CI = 0.48–0.93]). Moderate agreement was observed between physical therapist 1 and physical therapist 2 (ICC = 0.67 [95% CI = 0.01–0.88]). According to Bland-Altman analysis, the mean difference between physical therapist 1 and physical therapist 2 was 4.1 mL (95% CI = −38.5 to 46.5 mL).

Limitations
The data were collected in infants with wheezing who were not in crisis. This decreased lung mucus; however, it also reduced evaluation risks.

Conclusions
PSE was a reproducible chest physical therapy technique between physical therapists.
Molecular and taxonomic analyses in troglobiotic Alpioniscus (Illyrionethes) species from the Dinaric Karst (Isopoda: Trichoniscidae)
Authors: Bedek Jana , Taiti Stefano , Bilandžija Helena , Ristori Emma , Baratti Mariella 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSpecies richness of terrestrial isopods is high in caves of the Dinaric Karst, which hosts ~10% of the world’s nominal oniscidean troglobionts. The most widespread taxon is the southern European genus Alpioniscus, which consists of two subgenera: Alpioniscus s.s. and Illyrionethes. Before this study, 14 nominal troglobiotic Illyrionethes taxa were recorded from the Dinaric Karst. Our molecular analyses using two mitochnodrial DNA (16S rRNA and COI) fragments and a nuclear gene (H3) fragment on all known Dinaric taxa identified three distinct lineages: strasseri-, heroldi- and magnus-lineage. Our results confirmed the validity of most nominal species. The exceptions are Alpioniscus balthasari, which consists of two different species including Alpioniscus iapodicus, and Alpioniscus heroldi, which is paraphyletic with respect to Alpioniscus bosniensis. The strasseri-lineage was highly supported by all phylogenetic methods used; therefore, we performed a detailed morphological analysis to distinguish and characterize the species of this group. New morphological characters, such as body part ratios, are proposed for future species identification. In addition, we redescribe three known species (Alpioniscus strasseri, Alpioniscus christiani and Alpioniscus balthasari) and describe two new ones (Alpioniscus hirci sp. nov. and Alpioniscus velebiticus sp. nov.). As a result, 15 nominal species of Illyrionethes are currently known from the Dinaric Karst.
Changes in Sexual Functioning in Women and Men in the 5 Years After Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Steffen Kristine J. , King Wendy C. , White Gretchen E. , Subak Leslee L. , Mitchell James E. , Courcoulas Anita P. , Flum David R. , Strain Gladys , Sarwer David B. , Kolotkin Ronette L. , Pories Walter , Huang Alison J. 
Published: June 2019

(Abstracted from JAMA Surg 2019; doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2018.1162)
Adults with severe obesity who seek bariatric surgery have impairments in several domains of sexual functioning. About half are dissatisfied with their sexual life.
A Cost-Utility Analysis of Nonsurgical Treatments for Stress Urinary Incontinence in Women
Authors: Simpson Andrea N. , Garbens Alaina , Dossa Fahima , Coyte Peter C. , Baxter Nancy N. , McDermott Colleen D. 
Published: June 2019

(Abstracted from Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg 2019;25(1):49–55)
Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) affects up to 30% of women older than 40 years and has a significant impact on a woman's quality of life. A recent study reported that a woman's lifetime risk of requiring surgery for SUI is 13.6% and increases with age.
Non-invasive Prenatal Sequencing for Multiple Mendelian Monogenic Disorders Using Circulating Cell-free Fetal DNA
Authors: Zhang Jinglan , Li Jianli , Saucier Jennifer B. , Feng Yanming , Jiang Yanjun , Sinson Jefferson , McCombs Anne K. , Schmitt Eric S. , Peacock Sandra , Chen Stella , Dai Hongzheng , Ge Xiaoyan , Wang Guoli , Shaw Chad A. , Mei Hui , Breman Amy , Xia Fan , Yang Yaping , Purgason Anne , Pourpak Alan , Chen Zhao , Wang Xia , Wang Yue , Kulkarni Shashikant , Choy Kwong Wai , Wapner Ronald J. , Van den Veyver Ignatia B. , Beaudet Arthur , Parmar Sheetal , Wong Lee-Jun , Eng Christine M. 
Published: June 2019

(Abstracted from Nat Med 2019;25:439–447)
Noninvasive prenatal screening has focused on the detection of chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus. At present, screening for many dominant monogenic disorders associated with de novo mutations is not available, despite their relatively high incidence.
Prepregnancy and Early Pregnancy Calcium Supplementation Among Women at High Risk of Pre-eclampsia: A Multicentre, Double-blind, Randomised, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Hofmeyr G. Justus , Betrán Ana Pilar , Singata-Madliki Mandisa , Cormick Gabriela , Munjanja Stephen P. , Fawcus Susan , Mose Simpiwe , Hall David , Ciganda Alvaro , Seuc Armando H. , Lawrie Theresa A. , Bergel Eduardo , Roberts James M. , von Dadelszen Peter , Belizán José M. 
Published: June 2019

(Abstracted from Lancet 2019;393:330–339)
Hypertension complicates 5% of all pregnancies and 11% of first pregnancies, and half of these cases are associated with preeclampsia (gestational hypertension plus proteinuria). Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are the direct cause of death of approximately 30,000 women annually, or approximately 14% of maternal deaths, most of which occur in low-income countries.
Association Among County-Level Economic Factors, Clinician Supply, Metropolitan or Rural Location, and Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome
Authors: Patrick Stephen W. , Faherty Laura J. , Dick Andrew W. , Scott Theresa A. , Dudley Judith , Stein Bradley D. 
Published: June 2019

(Abstracted from JAMA 2019;321(4):385–393)
Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) has increased over the last 2 decades, likely related to the increase in opioid use in the United States from 1999 to 2014. The increased use of opioid analgesics, heroin, and fentanyl, associated with increased opioid overdose death rates, has severely impacted poor, rural counties, where residents are at risk because they have poor access to health care and other economic and social opportunities.
Forgiveness and Spiritual Distress
Authors: Glenn Chontay Taylor , Pieper Barbara 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT:Spirituality, spiritual distress, and forgiveness are constructs relevant to nursing diagnoses and care planning. Forgiveness has significant implications, as it contributes to the spirituality of the individual and has been linked to positive and negative health outcomes. In clinical practice, forgiveness facilitation, grief work facilitation, and spiritual growth facilitation are evidence-based nursing interventions to address Spiritual Distress. Need exists to enhance spiritual distress and forgiveness within nursing curricula, patient assessment, and research designs.
A Theology of Neediness and Evangelism
Authors: Dorman David A. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT:
Twentieth century theologian Karl Barth viewed human beings as more needy than any other part of creation. Human neediness leads one into relationship with God or into independence, away from God. Barth understood evangelism as speaking out of one's own deeply felt neediness to another also in need, attesting to what one has come to know of God in his/her own life. His perspective is helpful to nurses wanting to bear witness of God's work in their lives.
Aberrant Superficial Branch of the Radial Nerve–Radial Forearm Free Flap Considerations
Authors: Patel Krupal B. , Naik Akash N. , Kang Stephen Y. , Old Matthew O. 
Published: June 2019

Summary:
The superficial branch of the radial nerve (SBRN) is encountered and must be preserved during the harvest of a radial forearm free flap (RFFF). An abnormal course of the SBRN was encountered during the harvest of an RFFF. The nerve had an abnormal course with two branches—in the proximal forearm, one branch was anterior and the second branch was posterior to the brachioradialis muscle and in the distal forearm, both of these nerves merged together. A review of the literature was performed, with no such documented aberrant course of the SBRN being described previously. Knowledge of the SBRN anatomy and its variations is important to note during the RFFF harvest.
The Role of Fat Grafting in Alleviating Neuropathic Pain: A Critical Review of the Literature
Authors: Alessandri-Bonetti Mario , Egro Francesco M. , Persichetti Paolo , Coleman Sydney R. , Peter Rubin J. 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Neuropathic pain is one of the more severe types of chronic pain and presents a great challenge as response to medical therapy remains often unpredictable. With the opioid epidemic and the search for ways to avoid narcotics, physicians are seeking other modalities to treat neuropathic pain. In recent years, surgeons have explored various surgical avenues to improve outcomes. The aim of this review was to evaluate the current clinical evidence regarding the efficacy of fat grafting for the treatment of neuropathic pain.

Methods:
A critical review was conducted to examine the current clinical evidence of fat grafting as a therapy for neuropathic pain caused by neuromas, peripheral neuralgia, migraine and headaches, neuropathic scar pain, and postmastectomy pain syndrome.

Results:
The precise mechanism role of fat grafting in modulating neuropathic pain remains unclear, but it appears to reduce pain levels through the anti-inflammatory effects of adipose-derived stem cells and mechanical cushioning by fat.

Conclusions:
Fat grafting is an emerging therapy for chronic neuropathic pain of various etiologies. Although promising results have been reported, sample size and level of evidence of current studies are low. The encouraging results, however, are worthy of further clinical and scientific study. The minimally invasive nature of fat grafting and favorable risk profile make this an attractive therapy for neuropathic pain.
Prelamellar Dissection Donor Corneal Thickness Is Associated With Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty Operative Complications in the Cornea Preservation Time Study
Authors: Ross Kevin W. , Stoeger Christopher G. , Rosenwasser George O. D. , O'Brien Robert C. , Szczotka-Flynn Loretta B. , Ayala Allison R. , Maguire Maureen G. , Benetz Beth Ann , Dahl Patricia , Drury Donna C. , Dunn Steven P. , Farazdaghi Sameera M. , Hoover Caroline K. , Macsai Marian S. , Mian Shahzad I. , Nordlund Michael L. , Penta Jeffrey G. , Soper Mark C. , Terry Mark A. , Verdier David D. , Williams Doyce V. , Lass Jonathan H. ,   on behalf of the Cornea Preservation Time Study Group
Published: June 2019

Purpose:
To identify donor and recipient factors, including eye bank tissue observations, predictive of operative complications in the Cornea Preservation Time Study.

Methods:
One thousand three hundred thirty study eyes undergoing Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty for Fuchs dystrophy or pseudophakic/aphakic corneal edema were randomized to receive a donor cornea with preservation time (PT) of 0 to 7 days (N = 675) or 8 to 14 days (N = 655). Donor factors included demographics, prelamellar corneal and postlamellar lenticule dissection thickness, central endothelial cell density, and tissue processing time. Recipient factors included demographics, intraocular pressure, and glaucoma medications or surgery (trabeculectomy, laser trabeculoplasty). Eye bank observations included donor tissue folds, pleomorphism/polymegethism, and endothelial cell abnormalities. Possible tissue-related operative complications were recorded including difficult donor lenticule unfolding and positioning. Multivariable logistic regression with backward selection was used to identify statistically significant (P < 0.01) associations between factors and operative complications.

Results:
The only factor predictive of operative complications [58 (4.4%) of 1330 surgeries] was prelamellar dissection donor corneal thickness (P = 0.002). For every 50 μm of donor corneal thickness prior to lamellar dissection, operative complication odds increased by 40% (odds ratio [99% confidence interval (CI)]: 1.40 [1.06–1.83]) adjusting for PT and whether the epithelium was on or off. The estimated mean prelamellar dissection donor corneal thickness for PT 0 to 7 days was 537 μm (99% CI: 516 μm–558 μm) compared with 567 μm (99% CI: 546 μm–588 μm) for PT 8 to 14 days (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Thicker donor tissue (prelamellar dissection) is associated with operative complications and should be considered in tissue selection for Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty lenticule preparation.
Altered brain morphology in chronic pancreatitis patients and its association with pain and other disease characteristics
Authors: Muthulingam Janusiya A. , Hansen Tine M. , Olesen Søren S. , Drewes Asbjørn M. , Frøkjær Jens B. 
Published: June 2019

Objective
Abnormal pain processing in the central nervous system is a hallmark of chronic pancreatitis (CP). We characterized brain structure in CP patients and identified disease characteristics that impact the brain structure in CP patients.

Patients and methods
Thirty-three CP patients and 23 matched healthy controls underwent brain MRI. Total and regional gray matter volume (GMV) and cortical thickness analyses were carried out. Multivariate linear regression models were used to determine the independent predictors of total GMV.

Results
CP patients had 31.9 ± 9.3 ml (mean ± SE) (5.1%) reduced total GMV compared with the healthy controls (587.1 ± 5.8 vs. 619.0 ± 7.0 cm3, P < 0.001). Alcoholic etiology was associated independently with a decreased total GMV (P < 0.001), whereas no association was observed for pain or other disease characteristics (all P > 0.05). Similarly, regional GMV loss and cortical thinning were observed for several cortical areas in patients with alcoholic etiology compared with their nonalcoholic counterparts (P < 0.05). These regional differences were particularly evident for pain-related cortical areas; however, no significant differences in regional GMV or cortical thickness were observed between patients with and without pain (all P > 0.05).

Conclusion
Patients with CP have GMV loss that is associated with alcoholic disease etiology. No associations were detected between pain and GMV loss, likely because the potential effect of long-lasting pain on brain structure is masked by the effects of previous alcohol use. The findings imply that alcoholic etiology is the most prominent contributing factor for structural brain alterations in CP patients.
Vaginoscopy Against Standard Treatment (VAST): A Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Smith P. P. , Kolhe S. , O'Connor S. , Clark T. J. 
Published: June 2019

(Abstracted from BJOG 2019;126:891–899)
Hysteroscopy is one of the most commonly used tests in gynecology. It is used in the diagnosis of abnormal bleeding, reproductive problems, and endometrial cancer.
Pregnancy Outcome After First Trimester Exposure to Ionizing Radiations
Authors: Guilbaud Lucie , Beghin Delphine , Dhombres Ferdinand , Blondiaux Eléonore , Friszer Stéphanie , Le Pointe Hubert Ducou , Éléfant Elisabeth , Jouannic Jean-Marie 
Published: June 2019

(Abstracted from Eur J Obstet Gynecol Repr Biol 2019;232:18–21)
Exposure to ionizing radiation during pregnancy induces anxiety for both pregnant patients and their practicing physicians. The effects of radiation exposures can be classified as deterministic and stochastic.
Are Boys Ready for Human Papillomavirus Vaccine? A National Study of Boys in Malaysia
Authors: Wong L.P. , Alias H. , Yusoff R.N.A.R.M. , Sam I.C. , Zimet G.D. 
Published: June 2019

Background
The aim of this study was to investigate factors associated with the willingness of boys to accept the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine.

Methods
A nationwide cross-sectional survey among Secondary One male students in Malaysia.

Results
Among 2823 respondents, knowledge about HPV infection and the HPV vaccine was extremely poor. The mean total knowledge score was only 3.17 (SD ± 2.14), out of a possible score of 10. The majority of respondents were unaware that vaccinating boys can help protect girls against HPV infection (81.6%), and HPV is a sexually transmitted infection (70.1%). Many had the misconception that only females get HPV (78.9%). In multivariable analysis, the factors associated with the intention to receive the HPV vaccination were: agreeing boys need to be vaccinated against HPV infection (odds ratio [OR], 2.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.57–2.68), perceiving their parents might allow them to get the HPV vaccine (OR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.18–2.34), perceived susceptibility to HPV infection (OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.06–2.52), and attending a rural school (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.14–1.95).

Conclusions
Public health educational programs that are focused and tailored on parents consenting to HPV vaccination for boys at a young age can be useful in improving HPV vaccination rates among boys. There is also a pressing need to educate boys about the benefits of HPV vaccination in males and about HPV disease susceptibility to facilitate adoption of the HPV vaccine by young adults in the future.
Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeds
Authors: Tejani Cena , Phatak Tej 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Lower gastrointestinal bleeding in infants and children is a symptom with a broad differential diagnosis. The diagnosis depends on the quantity and quality of the bleeding and on the patient's age. We describe a case of a 10-month-old infant who presented to our pediatric emergency department 4 times with lower gastrointestinal bleeding before a diagnosis of Meckel diverticulum was made. Although this pathology was strongly suspected at an earlier visit, the initial Meckel scan result was interpreted as normal, and the result of a stool test for Clostridium difficile was positive. The case illustrates that repeat scintigraphy might be necessary when significant bleeding is present even if the results of other tests for diagnosis are positive.