bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic softening mechanism of 30 % SiCp/2024Al composite during hot deformation process
Authors: Wang A.Q. , Liu S.Y. , Xie J.P. , Ma D.Q. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractUsing Gleeb‐1500D simulator, the isothermal compression tests of 30 % SiCp/2024Al (volume fraction) are conducted at a temperature range of 623 K ‐ 773 K and a strain rate range of 0.01 s‐1 ‐ 10 s‐1. The softening mechanism of composites during hot deformation has been proposed based on the Zener‐Hollomon parameter Z, deformation temperature T and microstructure analysis. Cross slip of dislocation plays a dominant role under the conditions of lnZ≥59.634 and T≤673 K. While, deformation mechanisms such as cross slip, climb of dislocation and unzipping of the three dimensional dislocation network play a joint role when lnZ≤61.933 and T≥623 K. Particularly, dynamic recrystallization occurred when lnZ≤55.669 and T≥723 K. The cross slip, climb and unzipping of dislocation and dynamic recrystallization are the main softening mechanisms. The role of the dynamic recrystallization mechanisms become more significant and the critical strain of dynamic recrystallization decrease with the decrease of lnZ. Dynamic recrystallization nucleation mechanisms are mainly constituted of the subgrain combination and the bulging of the grain boundary.
Optimal management of reusable functional blocks in 5G superfluid networks
Authors: Chiaraviglio Luca , Amorosi Lavinia , Blefari‐Melazzi Nicola , Dell'Olmo Paolo , Shojafar Mohammad , Salsano Stefano 
Published: September 2018

SummaryWe consider the problem of managing a 5G network composed of virtualized entities, called reusable functional blocks (RFBs), as proposed by the Horizon 2020 SUPERFLUIDITY project. The RFBs are used to decompose network functions and services and are deployed on top of physical nodes, in order to realize the 5G functionalities. After formally modeling the RFBs in a 5G network, as well as the physical nodes hosting them, we formulate the problem of managing the 5G network through the RFBs, in order to satisfy different key performance indicators to users. In particular, we focus either on the maximization of the amount of downlink throughput sent to users or on the minimization of the number of powered‐on physical nodes. We then consider different scenarios to evaluate the proposed formulations. Our results show that, when an RFB‐based approach is put into place, a high level of flexibility and dynamicity is achieved. In particular, the RFBs can be shared, moved, and rearranged based on the network conditions. As a result, the downlink throughput can be extremely high, ie, more than 150 Mbps per user on average when the throughput maximization is pursued and more than 100 Mbps on average when the goal is the minimization of the number of powered‐on physical nodes.
The Chirality Chain in Valine: How the Configuration at the Cα Position through the OcisC′CαN Torsional System Leads to Distortion of the Planar Group CαC′(Ocis)Otrans to a Flat Tetrahedron
Authors: Brunner Henri , Tsuno Takashi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSolid‐state structures, based on a Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) search, show that there is a CαN/C′Ocis attraction in the torsional system OcisC′CαN of valine, causing a chirality chain. The Cα configuration controls the chirality of the rotation around the C′−Cα bond, which in turn induces a distortion of the planar unit CαC′(O)O to a flat asymmetric tetrahedron. Conformational “reactions” take place in an energy profile with respect to clockwise and counterclockwise rotation around the C′−Cα bond as well as stretching and flattening of the tetrahedron. The molecular property CαN/C′Ocis attraction of valine is maintained in its di‐ and tripeptides.
Comparison of privacy consciousness between Japanese and Taiwanese
Authors: Tabata Naoya , Sato Hirotsune , Ninomiya Katsumi , Yamamoto Chika 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis study compared privacy consciousness between Japanese (n = 211) and Taiwanese (n = 308) high school students, who responded to the Privacy Consciousness Scale. Results indicated that Taiwanese students had higher privacy consciousness for the self and others than Japanese students.
Schreiben und Rechnen mit Atomen
Authors: Bernien Hannes , Omran Ahmed 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungWir befinden uns derzeit auf dem spannenden Weg vom einzelnen Quantensystem zu gut kontrollierten, großen Quanten‐Vielteilchensystemen. Die Suche nach Systemen und Methoden, die eine solche Skalierung ermöglichen, ist eine enorme Herausforderung. Ein vielversprechender Weg sind mit optischen Pinzetten manipulierbare Atomketten. Mit einem akustooptischen Deflektor, der über einen Mix aus Radiofrequenzsignalen angesteuert wird, kann man viele optische Pinzetten in einer Reihe zugleich erzeugen. In einer Hochvakuumzelle lassen sich somit ultrakalte Atome fangen und zu einer Kette anordnen. Durch Anregung in stark polarisierbare Rydberg‐Zustände kann man die gefangenen Atome miteinander wechselwirken lassen. Die Atomketten dienen als Quantensimulatoren und erlauben es, grundlegende Effekte wie Quantenphasenübergänge zu untersuchen. Ein Ziel ist es, Quantentechnologien weiter zu entwickeln und Quantencomputer zu realisieren. Systeme mit rund 50 Quantenbits sind bereits demonstriert worden.
Large‐Scale Synthesis of Flexible, Stable, and Transparent MoS2 Quantum Dots‐Polyvinyl Alcohol Sensing Film
Authors: Song Shanliang , Wang Xiaojie , Wang Chuanxi , Wen Zhuoqi , Yang Yizhou , Liu Hou , Yang Minghui , Lin Quan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe transparent light emitting molybdenum disulfide quantum dots‐polyvinyl alcohol (MoS2 QDs‐PVA) polymer composite film with high optical performance is fabricated through a drop‐coating method. Particularly, the functional composite film possesses good transparency and flexibility, and it can be easily rolled into any shape. Moreover, the film shows mechanical stability, stretchability, and high thermal and storage stability. Importantly, the values of pH can be imparted directly by the fluorescence color changes of the MoS2 QDs‐PVA film without the further complex instruments, and the MoS2 QDs‐PVA film has a good reproducibility of pHs. The pH test paper is also utilized for visual sensing of pH in the bacterial culture solution, and satisfactory results are obtained. It is believed that the transparency and foldable light‐emitting MoS2 QDs‐PVA polymer composite film can bring a bright prospect in the field of development of functional films emitting various fluorescent colors, and they have great potential applications in the sensing area.
Theoretical and experimental evidence of conformational transformation in stereoisomers of nucleoside analogues
Authors: Hernández‐Hernández Luis Alberto , Yi Ruiqin , Cleaves Henderson James , Fuentes‐Cabrera Miguel , Sumpter Bobby G. , Hernández‐Hernández Arturo , Rangel Eduardo , Vallejo Emmanuel 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA theoretical and experimental characterization of N(1)‐(2′,3′‐dihydroxypropil)thymine (DHPT), a potential prebiotic nucleoside analogue of 5‐methyluridine, is performed. A proposed methodology based on a solvation method was used to study conformational transformations of the different low‐energy conformers of DHPT according to time‐dependent IR spectroscopy. NMR and CD spectroscopy provides additional evidence of these transformations. The conformational transformations appear to be due to solvent and DHPT interactions. This highlights the importance of experimental conditions on conformer ratio equilibrium, in particular, the interpretation of experimental conditions used for determining the stereoisomers' absolute configuration.
Approximating individual interactions in compartmental system dynamics models
Authors: Lamberson P. J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis paper introduces an approach known as a “pair approximation” developed in physics and mathematical biology that captures some of the effects of network structure in a compartmental system dynamics (CSD) model without substantially increasing model complexity or computational efficiency. We describe the approach using a familiar example: the standard SIS model from epidemiology that underpins many models from the marketing and innovation diffusion literature. We show that the pair approximation better approximates the results of an agent‐based simulation than the standard CSD. The model provides insights regarding the epidemic threshold, with implications for halting the spread of a disease or encouraging the spread of a product, that cannot be obtained from the standard CSD. We further illustrate the technique through the development of two new CSD models: a model of social contagion, SIS2, that allows for “social recovery,” and a model of technology adoption with local network effects.Copyright © 2018 System Dynamics Society
Highly Active Amino‐Modified MCM‐41‐Supported Zinc Catalyst for Acetylene Hydration to Acetaldehyde
Authors: Wang Qinqin , Zhu Mingyuan , Zhang Haiyang , Xu Caixia , Dai Bin , Zhang Jinli 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA simple and effective method was used to prepare amino‐functionalized MCM‐41 by the chemical grafting method; the active zinc components were immobilized onto the surface of amino‐modified MCM‐41 as catalyst for the acetylene hydration reaction. The influences from the amino group additions were investigated using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Brunauer–Emmett–Tellersurface area analysis, transmission electron microscopy, temperature programmed desorption of NH3 analysis, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques. The results showed that the Zn/NH2–MCM‐41 catalyst displayed a high catalytic performance, with about 90.0% C2H2 conversion and over 90.0% acetaldehyde selectivity. The analysis results indicate that the introduction of amino groups could enhance the interaction between metal and support as well as enrich the support with more Zn species that were better dispersed. These results provided a basis for the development of other potential supports for the acetylene hydration reaction.
Ultrathin Metal Crystals: Growth on Supported Graphene Surfaces and Applications
Authors: Chae Soo Sang , Jang Seunghun , Lee Wonki , Jung Du Won , Lee Keun Ho , Kim Jung Dong , Jeong Dohyeon , Chang Hyunju , Hwang Jun Yeon , Lee Jeong‐O. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractControlled nucleation and growth of metal clusters in metal deposition processes is a long‐standing issue for thin‐film‐based electronic devices. When metal atoms are deposited on solid surfaces, unintended defects sites always lead to a heterogeneous nucleation, resulting in a spatially nonuniform nucleation with irregular growth rates for individual nuclei, resulting in a rough film that requires a thicker film to be deposited to reach the percolation threshold. In the present study, it is shown that substrate‐supported graphene promotes the lateral 2D growth of metal atoms on the graphene. Transmission electron microscopy reveals that 2D metallic single crystals are grown epitaxially on supported graphene surfaces while a pristine graphene layer hardly yields any metal nucleation. A surface energy barrier calculation based on density functional theory predicts a suppression of diffusion of metal atoms on electronically perturbed graphene (supported graphene). 2D single Au crystals grown on supported graphene surfaces exhibit unusual near‐infrared plasmonic resonance, and the unique 2D growth of metal crystals and self‐healing nature of graphene lead to the formation of ultrathin, semitransparent, and biodegradable metallic thin films that could be utilized in various biomedical applications.
Printing with Satellite Droplets
Authors: Zhang Yanzhen , Li Dege , Liu Yonghong , Wittstock Gunther 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDespite their specific methodologies, all current noncontact printing techniques such as inkjet printing (IJP), involve the break‐up of a liquid meniscus during the separation of the ink droplet from the bulk ink reservoir. Often, the break‐up of a liquid meniscus results in the formation of one or more satellite droplet whose volumes are several orders of magnitude smaller than the primary droplet. Many attempts are directed to suppress or control the formation of satellite droplets because they blur the printing result. For the first time, a simple mechanism by which a single satellite droplet is exclusively formed and directed to the substrate by a gas stream while the primary droplet remains attached to a metal rod used for controlling the formation and break‐up of the meniscus is reported. High printing resolution is demonstrated by satellite droplets printing (SDP) without the need for small orifices which are prone to clogging. Furthermore, the droplet generation from a large orifice enables SDP to handle viscous inks which has remained challenging for traditional IJP.
Development of nontarget wildlife exclusion devices for small mammal trap protection
Authors: Roden‐Reynolds Patrick , Hummell Grace , Machtinger Erika T. , Li Andrew Y. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTTrapping small mammals is often required for life‐history studies, evaluating predator–prey interactions, or assessing zoonotic disease. However, preventing disturbance from nontarget wildlife such as raccoons (Procyon lotor) and eastern gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) is a significant challenge. Our goal was to produce a protective exclusion device that would protect Sherman live traps from nontarget wildlife interference while enabling low‐cost and efficient small mammal captures. At the U.S. Department of Agriculture Research Center West in Beltsville, Maryland, USA, during 2017, we created and compared 2 types of exclusion devices—a modified Havahart® and a raccoon exclusion device (RED)—for efficacy of reducing disturbance to Sherman box traps, and on resulting small mammal capture rates. Modified Havahart® and REDs were similarly successful at reducing disturbance by raccoons. There was more disturbance by eastern gray squirrels with the REDs, but small mammal capture rates in the REDs did not differ from the modified Havahart®; each trap protection type reduced nontarget disturbance by approximately 50%. The modified Havahart® device was >5 times more expensive to produce than the RED; therefore, the RED offers a low‐cost and effective way to reduce nontarget interference with small mammal trapping efforts. Published 2018. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Partially buried conveyor belt to allow vehicular access across wildlife fencing
Authors: Adcock Zachary C. , Godley J. Steve , MacLaren Andrew R. , Sirsi Shashwat , Forstner Michael R. J. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTResearchers and managers often need vehicular access into areas fenced to protect wildlife, but commonly used vehicle crossings often are cumbersome, cost‐prohibitive, or inadequate at restricting target taxa. We describe a cost‐effective method using partially buried conveyor belt, which is flexible and sturdy enough to allow convenient and frequent vehicular passage across wildlife fencing while not compromising the integrity of the barrier or harming the target species. We have no evidence of any target taxa (i.e., tortoises, freshwater turtles, toads) breaching a conveyor belt barrier from projects in central Florida (2005–2012), Guadalupe County, Texas (2014–2018), or Robertson County, Texas (2014). The proposed technique is unlikely to prevent large‐bodied, saltatory, climbing, or arboreal taxa from crossing a wildlife barrier. However, this technique is applicable to many small vertebrates and any taxa for which silt‐fencing or other similar semipermanent barriers are appropriate. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Thickness and Stacking Sequence Determination of Exfoliated Dichalcogenides (1T-TaS2, 2H-MoS2) Using Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Hovden Robert , Liu Pengzi , Schnitzer Noah , Tsen Adam W. , Liu Yu , Lu Wenjian , Sun Yuping , Kourkoutis Lena F. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractLayered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted interest due to their promise for future electronic and optoelectronic technologies. As one approaches the two-dimensional (2D) limit, thickness and local topology can greatly influence the macroscopic properties of a material. To understand the unique behavior of TMDs it is therefore important to identify the number of atomic layers and their stacking in a sample. The goal of this work is to extract the thickness and stacking sequence of TMDs directly by matching experimentally recorded high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscope images and convergent-beam electron diffraction (CBED) patterns to quantum mechanical, multislice scattering simulations. Advantageously, CBED approaches do not require a resolved lattice in real space and are capable of neglecting the thickness contribution of amorphous surface layers. Here we demonstrate the crystal thickness can be determined from CBED in exfoliated 1T-TaS2 and 2H-MoS2 to within a single layer for ultrathin ≲9 layers and ±1 atomic layer (or better) in thicker specimens while also revealing information about stacking order—even when the crystal structure is unresolved in real space.
Local Arctic Air Pollution: A Neglected but Serious Problem
Authors: Schmale J. , Arnold S. R. , Law K. S. , Thorp T. , Anenberg S. , Simpson W. R. , Mao J. , Pratt K. A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAir pollution in the Arctic caused by local emission sources is a challenge that is important but often overlooked. Local Arctic air pollution can be severe and significantly exceed air quality standards, impairing public health and affecting ecosystems. Specifically in the wintertime, pollution can accumulate under inversion layers. However, neither the contributing emission sources are well identified and quantified nor the relevant atmospheric mechanisms forming pollution are well understood. In the summer, boreal forest fires cause high levels of atmospheric pollution. Despite the often high exposure to air pollution, there are neither specific epidemiological nor toxicological health impact studies in the Arctic. Hence, effects on the local population are difficult to estimate at present. Socioeconomic development of the Arctic is already occurring and expected to be significant in the future. Arctic destination shipping is likely to increase with the development of natural resource extraction, and tourism might expand. Such development will not only lead to growth in the population living in the Arctic but will likely increase emission types and magnitudes. Present‐day inventories show a large spread in the amount and location of emissions representing a significant source of uncertainty in model predictions that often deviate significantly from observations. This is a challenge for modeling studies that aim to assess the impacts of within Arctic air pollution. Prognoses for the future are hence even more difficult, given the additional uncertainty of estimating emissions based on future Arctic economic development scenarios.
Paleomagnetism in Lake Pannon: Problems, Pitfalls, and Progress in Using Iron Sulfides for Magnetostratigraphy
Authors: Kelder Nick A. , Sant Karin , Dekkers Mark J. , Magyar Imre , van Dijk Gijs A. , Lathouwers Ymke Z. , Sztanó Orsolya , Krijgsman Wout 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDating of upper Miocene sediments of the Pannonian Basin (Hungary) has proven difficult due to the endemic nature of biota, scarcity of reliable radio isotopic data, and generally inconsistent magnetostratigraphic results. The natural remanent magnetization (NRM) is mostly residing in greigite (Fe3S4), which complicates NRM interpretation. We reinvestigate the viability of these sediments for magnetostratigraphy using samples from recently drilled well cores (PAET‐30 and PAET‐34) from the Paks region. Significant intervals of the cores contain composite NRM behavior. Thermal demagnetization results include multipolarity (M‐type) samples consisting of a low‐temperature (LT, above ~120 °C), a medium‐temperature (MT), and a high‐temperature (HT) component, within distinct temperature ranges and all exhibiting dual polarities. The LT and HT components have the same polarity and are antiparallel to the MT component. Rock magnetic and scanning electron microscopy results indicate that all magnetic components reside in authigenic greigite. The LT and HT components represent the characteristic remanent magnetization and are of early diagenetic origin. The MT component records a late diagenetic overprint. Alternating field demagnetization cannot resolve the individual components: it yields polarities corresponding to the dominant component resulting in erratic polarity patterns. Interpretation of LT and HT components allows a reasonably robust magnetostratigraphic correlation to the geomagnetic polarity time scale with the base of PAET‐30 at ~8.4 Ma and its top at ~6.8 Ma (average sedimentation rate of ~30 cm/kyr). The base of PAET‐34 is correlated to ~9 Ma and its top to ~6.8 Ma (average sedimentation rate of 27 cm/kyr).
Reconstructing Solar Wind Inhomogeneous Structures From Stereoscopic Observations in White Light: Small Transients Along the Sun‐Earth Line
Authors: Li Xiaolei , Wang Yuming , Liu Rui , Shen Chenglong , Zhang Quanhao , Zhuang Bin , Liu Jiajia , Chi Yutian 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe Heliospheric Imagers (HI) onboard the two spacecraft of the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) provided white‐light images of transients in the solar wind from dual perspectives from 2007 to 2014. In this paper, we develop a new method to identify and locate the transients automatically from simultaneous images from the two inner telescopes, known as HI‐1, based on a correlation analysis. Correlation coefficient (cc) maps along the Sun‐Earth line are constructed for the period from 1 January 2010 to 28 February 2011. From the maps, transients propagating along the Sun‐Earth line are identified, and a 27‐day periodic pattern is revealed, especially for small‐scale transients. Such a periodicity in the transient pattern is consistent with the rotation of the Sun's global magnetic structure and the periodic crossing of the streamer structures and slow solar wind across the Sun‐Earth line, and this substantiates the reliability of our method and the high degree of association between the small‐scale transients of the slow solar wind and the coronal streamers. Besides, it is suggested by the cc map that small‐scale transients along the Sun‐Earth line are more frequent than large‐scale transients by a factor of at least 2, and that they quickly diffused into background solar wind within about 40 Rs in terms of the signal‐to‐noise ratio of white‐light emissions. The method provides a new tool to reconstruct inhomogeneous structures in the heliosphere from multiple perspectives.