bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oil palm plantation is not a suitable environment for most forest specialist species of Odonata in Amazonia
Authors: Carvalho F. G. , de Oliveira Roque F. , Barbosa L. , de Assis Montag L. F. , Juen L. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractOil palm monoculture is the most rapidly increasing large‐scale crop in Amazonia due to favourable environmental conditions and incentives from executives and governing authorities. In this study we assessed the effects of oil palm plantations on Odonata assemblages in Amazonia streams. We hypothesized that (1) the expansion of oil palm plantations over the natural landscape affects the habitat structure and physicochemical properties of streams at different scales (50 m, 500 m and 1000 m) and (2) oil palm plantations affect the species composition of Odonata assemblages, leading to the replacement of forest specialist species by non‐forest specialists. A total of 22 streams were sampled which were distributed throughout a landscape comprising areas of oil palm plantations Elaeis guineensis Jacq. to streams located inside large forest remnants. The expansion of oil palm monoculture affected the physicochemical properties of the water and habitat of the streams. A larger amount of woody debris was observed within streams surrounded by a greater amount of forest, whereas streams with a greater area of surrounding oil palm had higher pH values and anthropogenic infrastructures (e.g. roads). As expected, the Odonata community was affected by a replacement of forest specialist species with non‐forest specialist species. To mitigate this impact, we suggest increasing the area of native riparian corridors along streams that flow through oil palm plantations.
An illustration of human sperm morphology and their functional ability among different group of subfertile males
Authors: Sunanda P. , Panda B. , Dash C. , Padhy R. N. , Routray P. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryCondensed sperm chromatin is a prerequisite for natural fertilization. Some reports suggested the prevalence of chromatin condensation defects in teratozoospermia cases with head anomalies; conversely, earlier studies exemplified its occurrence in morphologically normal spermatozoa too. The aim of this study was to compare the condensation defects in correlation with head anomalies among different groups of subfertile males and its impact on the rate of fertilization in assisted reproduction procedures. Ultrastructure analysis of spermatozoa through scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy could facilitate an in‐depth evaluation of sperm morphology. Nuclear condensation defects (%) in spermatozoa were analyzed in 666 subjects, and its effect on the rate of fertilization was analyzed in 116 IVF and 90 intracytoplasmic sperm injection cases. There was no correlation of condensation defects with head anomalies (%). Student's t‐test showed no significant changes in mean values of condensation defects in abnormal semen samples in comparison with the normal group. Condensation defects were observed in normal spermatozoa too, which was negatively associated with the rate of fertilization in IVF (p < 0.01), but intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcome remained unaffected. Ultrastructure study revealed sperm morphological features in height, amplitude, and three‐dimensional views in atomic force microscopy images presenting surface topography, roughness property of head, and compact arrangement of mitochondria over axoneme with height profile at nanoscale. In pathological forms, surface roughness and nuclear thickness were marked higher than the normal spermatozoa. Thus, percentage of normal spermatozoa with condensation defects could be a predictive factor for the rate of fertilization in IVF. From diverse shapes of nucleus in AFM imaging, it could be predicted that defective nuclear shaping might be impeding the activity of some proteins/ biological motors, those regulate the proper Golgi spreading over peri‐nuclear theca.
Hydronephrosis and risk of later development of hypertension
Authors: Carlström Mattias 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimCongenital ureteral obstruction is a fairly common condition in infants, and its clinical management has been long debated during the last decade. The long‐term physiological consequences of today's conservative non‐surgical management in many asymptomatic hydronephrotic children are unclear.MethodsExperimental studies in rats and mice, retrospective studies in children and adults, as well as prospective studies in children are included in this mini review.ResultsExperimental models of hydronephrosis in rats and mice have demonstrated that partial ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) is casually linked with development of hypertension and renal injuries in later life. The mechanisms are multifactorial and involve increased activity of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system and renal sympathetic nerve activity. Furthermore, oxidative stress and nitric oxide deficiency in the affected kidney appear to play important roles in the development and maintenance of hypertension. Clinical case reports in adults and recent prospective studies in children have associated hydronephrosis with elevated blood pressure, which could be reduced by surgical management of the obstruction.ConclusionBased on current experimental and clinical knowledge regarding the link between partial UPJO and changes in blood pressure, it is proposed that today's non‐operative management of hydronephrosis should be reconsidered to reduce the risk of developing elevated blood pressure or hypertension in later life.
The Welch Emotional Connection Screen: validation of a brief mother–infant relational health screen
Authors: Hane Amie A. , LaCoursiere Jasmine N. , Mitsuyama Mai , Wieman Sarah , Ludwig Robert J. , Kwon Katie Y. , V. Browne Joy , Austin Judy , M. Myers Michael , Welch Martha G. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimThe Welch Emotional Connection Screen (WECS), assesses mother–infant Emotional Connection in clinical settings. It includes: Attraction, Vocal Communication, Facial Communication, Sensitivity/Reciprocity and clinical decision of Emotional Connection (yes/no). We tested concurrent and construct validity of the WECS and associations with behavioural and physiological measures in preterm infants.MethodsVideos from 76 mothers–infants (gestational age 36 weeks) during an in‐NICU caregiving paradigm were coded for maternal caregiving behaviour. Videos of mothers–infants were also obtained at 4 months during 10 minutes of face‐to‐face play (coded with WECS and for maternal positivity and infant social engagement) and the still‐face paradigm (coded for infant behavioural approach towards mother; infant electrocardiogram acquired in vivo).ResultsWECS maternal scores were positively associated with maternal sensitivity and quality of vocal contact at 36 weeks (caregiving) and maternal positivity at 4 months (face‐to‐face). WECS infant scores positively correlated with infant social engagement and maternal positivity during face‐to‐face interactions at 4 months. Infants from emotionally not connected dyads (vs. emotionally connected dyads) displayed autonomic dysregulation and less approach‐seeking behaviour towards mother during interactive/play sessions of the still‐face paradigm.ConclusionThis preliminary evidence supports the WECS as a valid screen for rating mother–preterm infant emotional connection associated with healthier infant biobehavioural stress responding.
Changes in autonomic regulation due to Kangaroo care remain unaffected by using a swaddling device
Authors: Kommers Deedee R. , Joshi Rohan , van Pul Carola , Feijs Loe , Bambang Oetomo Sidarto , Andriessen Peter 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimTo investigate the effects of a swaddling device known as the Hugsy (Hugsy, Eindhoven, the Netherlands) towards improving autonomic regulation. This device can be used both in the incubator and during Kangaroo care to absorb parental scent and warmth. After Kangaroo care, these stimuli can continue to be experienced by infants, while in the incubator. Additionally, a pre‐recorded heartbeat sound can be played.MethodAutonomic regulation was compared in preterm infants before, during and after Kangaroo care with and without the use of a swaddling device in a within‐subject study carried out in a level III neonatal intensive care unit. Descriptive statistics and effect sizes were calculated corresponding to changes in heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, temperature and heart rate variability on intervention versus control days.ResultsIn this study of 20 infants with a median (interquartile range) gestational age of 28.4 (27–29.9) weeks, Kangaroo care was associated with a decrease in heart rate, respiratory rate and heart rate variability on both intervention and control days. There were no differences between intervention and control days.ConclusionThe use of an alternative swaddling device aimed at facilitating Kangaroo care did not enhance autonomic regulation, as measured by vital signs and heart rate variability.
Nasal high‐flow therapy decreased electrical activity of the diaphragm in preterm infants during the weaning phase
Authors: Oda Arata , Parikka Vilhelmiina , Lehtonen Liisa , Porres Ivan , Soukka Hanna 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimWe evaluated whether nasal high‐flow therapy was better than no respiratory support during the weaning phase in preterm infants.MethodsThe study was conducted in the neonatal intensive care unit of the Turku University Hospital between September 2014 and August 2015. Preterm infants who were alternating between nasal high‐flow therapy and unassisted breathing were enrolled. Electrical activity of the diaphragm (EAdi) was recorded and compared during three‐hour time periods for each option.ResultsWe studied eight infants at a median gestational age of 31 weeks. The EAdi peak was lower during nasal high‐flow therapy when compared to no respiratory support (6.1 μV vs 7.1 μV, p = 0.02), but the EAdi minimum was similar with and without respiratory support. Neural respiratory rate (62 vs 68 per minute, p = 0.02) and the frequency of sighs (27.8 vs 37.9 per hour, p = 0.03) were lower during nasal high‐flow therapy than no respiratory support.ConclusionNasal high‐flow therapy reduced diaphragm activation in our cohort when compared to no respiratory support, as indicated by the lower Edi peak. An increase in the respiratory rate and the sigh frequency without respiratory support also suggests that nasal high‐flow therapy provided support during the weaning phase.
Pharmacokinetics, metabolism and safety of deuterated L‐DOPA (SD‐1077)/carbidopa compared to L‐DOPA/carbidopa following single oral dose administration in healthy subjects
Authors: Schneider Frank , Erisson Lavi , Beygi Hooman , Bradbury Margaret , Cohen‐Barak Orit , Grachev Igor D. , Guzy Serge , Loupe Pippa S. , Levi Micha , McDonald Mirna , Savola Juha‐Matti , Papapetropoulos Spyros , Tracewell William G. , Velinova Maria , Spiegelstein Ofer 
Published: June 2018

AimsSD‐1077, a selectively deuterated precursor of dopamine (DA) structurally related to L‐3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (L‐DOPA), is under development for treatment of motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Preclinical models have shown slower metabolism of central deuterated DA. The present study investigated the peripheral pharmacokinetics (PK), metabolism and safety of SD‐1077.MethodsPlasma and urine PK of drug and metabolites and safety after a single oral 150 mg SD‐1077 dose were compared to 150 mg L‐DOPA, each in combination with 37.5 mg carbidopa (CD) in a double‐blind, two‐period, crossover study in healthy volunteers (n = 16).ResultsGeometric least squares mean ratios (GMRs) and 90% confidence intervals (90% CI) of SD‐1077 vs. L‐DOPA for Cmax, AUC0–t, and AUC0–inf were 88.4 (75.9–103.1), 89.5 (84.1–95.3), and 89.6 (84.2–95.4), respectively. Systemic exposure to DA was significantly higher after SD‐1077/CD compared to that after L‐DOPA/CD, with GMRs (90% CI) of 1.8 (1.45–2.24; P = 0.0005) and 2.06 (1.68–2.52; P < 0.0001) for Cmax and AUC0–t and a concomitant reduction in the ratio of 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid/DA confirming slower metabolic breakdown of DA by monoamine oxidase (MAO). There were increases in systemic exposures to metabolites of catechol O‐methyltransferase (COMT) reaction, 3‐methoxytyramine (3‐MT) and 3‐O‐methyldopa (3‐OMD) with GMRs (90% CI) for SD‐1077/CD to L‐DOPA/CD for 3‐MT exposure of 1.33 (1.14–1.56; P = 0.0077) and 1.66 (1.42–1.93; P < 0.0001) for Cmax and AUC0–t, respectively and GMRs (90% CI) for 3‐OMD of 1.19 (1.15, 1.23; P < 0.0001) and 1.31 (1.27, 1.36; P < 0.0001) for Cmax and AUC0–t. SD‐1077/CD exhibited comparable tolerability and safety to L‐DOPA/CD.ConclusionsSD‐1077/CD demonstrated the potential to prolong exposure to central DA at comparable peripheral PK and safety to the reference L‐DOPA/CD combination. A single dose of SD‐1077 is safe for further clinical development in Parkinson's disease patients.
Flavin‐Containing Monooxygenase 3 Polymorphic Variants Significantly Affect Clearance of Tamoxifen and Clomiphene
Authors: Catucci Gianluca , Bortolussi Stefania , Rampolla Giulia , Cusumano Debora , Gilardi Gianfranco , Sadeghi Sheila J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHuman flavin‐containing monooxygenase 3 (hFMO3) is a drug‐metabolising enzyme that oxygenates many drugs and xenobiotics in the liver. This enzyme is also known to exhibit single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that can alter the rates of monooxygenation of therapeutic agents. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the three common polymorphic variants of hFMO3 (V257M, E158K and E308G) on the metabolism and clearance of three structurally similar compounds: tamoxifen (breast cancer medication), clomiphene (infertility medication) and GSK5182 (antidiabetic lead molecule). For GSK5182, none of the three variants showed any significant differences in its metabolism when compared to the wild‐type enzyme. In the case of clomiphene, two of the variants, V257M and E308G, exhibited a significant increase in all the kinetic parameters measured with nearly two times faster clearance. Finally, for tamoxifen, a mixed behaviour was observed; E158K variant showed a significantly higher clearance compared to the wild type, whereas V257M mutation had the opposite effect. Overall, the data obtained demonstrate that there is no direct correlation between the SNPs and the metabolism of these three hFMO3 substrates. The metabolic capacity is both variant‐dependent and substrate‐dependent and therefore when testing new drugs or administering already approved therapies, these differences should be taken into consideration.
Urine cytology is a feasible tool for assessing erythematous bladder lesions after bacille Calmette‐Guérin (BCG) treatment
Authors: Nurminen Pertti , Ettala Otto , Seppänen Marjo , Taimen Pekka , Boström Peter J. , Kaipia Antti 
Published: June 2018

ObjectivesTo investigate the need to biopsy erythematous lesions of the bladder after bacille Calmette‐Guérin (BCG) treatment as well as the diagnostic value of voided urine cytology in the detection of recurrence.Materials and MethodsData on 206 consecutive patients with non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer treated with one or more BCG instillations in the period 2009–2015 at Satakunta Central Hospital and Turku University Hospital were reviewed. Biopsy histology was pooled according to lesion cystoscopy appearance regarding growth pattern and presence of erythema. Voided urine cytology grading before resection was reviewed. We correlated the cystoscopy findings with histology and calculated the sensitivity, specificity, and positive (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for voided urine cytology.ResultsIn total, 159 patients with a median follow‐up of 35 months were included in the study. Altogether, 367 biopsies were analysed. In the case of papillary or flat tumours, 76% of biopsies showed malignant histology and the diagnostic value of cytology was very limited (sensitivity 33%, specificity 84%). Erythematous lesions constituted 57% of all biopsy targets, with the majority being either chronic non‐specific inflammation or granulomatous inflammation; 10% of erythematous lesions were malignant at pathological examination. In contrast to papillary and flat tumours, cytology proved to be more accurate in the case of erythematous lesions with a sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of 59%, 76%, 23% and 94%, respectively.ConclusionBladder lesions after BCG instillations pose a challenge during follow‐up and the appropriate management strategy is not clear. Lesions should not be overlooked as being BCG‐induced irritation because they may harbour significant malignancies. The presence of papillary or flat tumour always warrants a biopsy or resection. In the case of erythematous lesions, our results suggest that biopsy may be avoided if voided urine cytology is negative.
Thrombin modifies growth, proliferation and apoptosis of human colon organoids: a protease‐activated receptor 1‐ and protease‐activated receptor 4‐dependent mechanism
Authors: Sébert Morgane , Denadai‐Souza Alexandre , Quaranta Muriel , Racaud‐Sultan Claire , Chabot Sophie , Lluel Philippe , Monjotin Nicolas , Alric Laurent , Portier Guillaume , Kirzin Sylvain , Bonnet Delphine , Ferrand Audrey , Vergnolle Nathalie 
Published: June 2018

Background and PurposeThrombin is massively released upon tissue damage associated with bleeding or chronic inflammation. The effects of this thrombin on tissue regrowth and repair has been scarcely addressed and only in cancer cell lines. Hence, the purpose of the present study was to determine thrombin's pharmacological effects on human intestinal epithelium growth, proliferation and apoptosis, using three‐dimensional cultures of human colon organoids.Experimental ApproachCrypts were isolated from human colonic resections and cultured for 6 days, forming human colon organoids. Cultured organoids were exposed to 10 and 50 mU·mL−1 of thrombin, in the presence or not of protease‐activated receptor (PAR) antagonists. Organoid morphology, metabolism, proliferation and apoptosis were followed.Key ResultsThrombin favoured organoid maturation leading to a decreased number of immature cystic structures and a concomitant increased number of larger structures releasing cell debris and apoptotic cells. The size of budding structures, metabolic activity and proliferation were significantly reduced in organoid cultures exposed to thrombin, while apoptosis was dramatically increased. Both PAR1 and PAR4 antagonists inhibited apoptosis regardless of thrombin doses. Thrombin‐induced inhibition of proliferation and metabolic activity were reversed by PAR4 antagonist for thrombin's lowest dose and by PAR1 antagonist for thrombin's highest dose.Conclusions and ImplicationsOverall, our data suggest that the presence of thrombin in the vicinity of human colon epithelial cells favours their maturation at the expense of their regenerative capacities. Our data point to thrombin and its two receptors PAR1 and PAR4 as potential molecular targets for epithelial repair therapies.
Children's Selective Trust in Promises
Authors: Isella Margherita , Kanngiesser Patricia , Tomasello Michael 
Published: June 2018

There has been extensive research into the development of selective trust in testimony, but little is known about the development of selective trust in promises. The present research investigates children's (N = 264) selective trust in others' promises to help. In Study 1, 6‐year‐olds selectively trusted speakers who had previously kept a promise. In Study 2, 5‐year‐olds displayed selective trust for speakers who had previously kept a prosocial promise (promise to help). In Study 3, 5‐year‐olds trusted a speaker, who kept a prosocial promise, over a helper. These data suggest that from the age of 5 children show selective trust in others’ promises using prosociality, promise keeping, or both to inform their judgments.
Emotional Over‐ and Undereating in Children: A Longitudinal Analysis of Child and Contextual Predictors
Authors: Bjørklund Oda , Wichstrøm Lars , Llewellyn Clare H. , Steinsbekk Silje 
Published: June 2018

Eating more or eating less in response to negative emotions, called emotional over‐ and undereating, is common in children, but research on the etiology of these behaviors is in its infancy. Drawing on a large, representative community sample of Norwegian children followed up on a biennial basis from 6 to 10 years of age (analysis sample: n = 802), child and contextual predictors (i.e., child temperament, depression symptoms, serious life events, family functioning, parental sensitivity and structuring) of change in emotional over‐ and undereating were examined. Results revealed that low (temperamental) soothability and less parental structuring at age 6 predicted increased emotional overeating at age 10 and that lower family functioning at age 6 predicted more emotional undereating during the same period.
Biological control of the prickly pear cochineal Dactylopius opuntiae Cockerell (Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae)
Authors: Bouharroud R. , Sbaghi M. , Boujghagh M. , El Bouhssini M. 
Published: June 2018

The prickly pear cochineal Dactylopius opuntiae Cockerell (Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae) is a serious pest that causes severe damage to prickly pear cactus species of the genus Opuntia. Before its introduction to Morocco no control methods were available for use against this pest. The current paper presents the results of the use for the first time of the mealybug destroyer Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and the biopesticide d‐limonene to control D. opuntiae. The efficacy of the biopesticide was evaluated under field conditions. Corrected female mortality rates were >82% 6 days after application of d‐limonene at 60 ppm. The greatest mortality rates 6 days after treatment were 98% and 99% at 120 and 150 ppm, respectively. The data analysis showed that there was no significant difference between the different doses 6 or 13 days after treatment. The LD50 recorded was 33 ppm. In terms of biological control, the use of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri significantly reduced the cochineal scale population by 92% 77 days after release. This effect was maintained until 99 days after release of C. montrouzieri, and then the rate of population reduction declined to the level observed 64 days after release (66%). These results suggest that C. montrouzieri has the potential to suppress D. opuntiae populations to an acceptable level and reduce the damage caused by this cochineal.
Citrus leafminer Phyllocnistis citrella and its parasitoids in Sargodha region of Pakistan
Authors: Arshad M. , Ullah M. I. , Afzal M. 
Published: June 2018

In order to identify the parasitoids of Phyllocnistis citrella, an important pest of Citrus, the larvae and pupae of this pest were collected from Citrus reticulata Blanco orchards in the Sargodha region of Pakistan. The parasitoid species were identified, and their abundance was recorded. A total of two species were identified: Citrostichus phyllocnistoides (Narayan) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and Cirrospilus ingenuus Gahan (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Out of a total of 409 P. citrella larvae and pupae collected, 73 C. phyllocnistoides and 39 C. ingenuus adults emerged. This paper documents the species and the abundance of the parasitoids associated with P. citrella in the Sargodha region of Pakistan.