bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Onychomycosis: Correlation between the dermoscopic patterns and fungal culture
Authors: Abdallah Naglaa A. , Said Marwa , Mahmoud Mohamed Taha , Omar Maha A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundOnychomycosis is a dermatophyte fungal infection of the nail plate, bed, and the matrix, leading to the gradual damage which often considered a cosmetic problem. Several presentations of onychomycosis: distolateral subungual (DLSOM), superficial white, proximal subungual, endonyx, and total dystrophic (TDOM). Although the diagnosis relies on mycological results, there are three specific dermoscopic findings for onychomycosis: a jagged edge of the onycholytic area, with spikes directed to the proximal fold, white‐yellow longitudinal striae in the onycholytic nail plate, and colored parallel bands.AimsThe objective of this diagnostic cross‐sectional study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of dermoscopy as a low‐cost tool compared with fungal culture in patients with onychomycosis.Patients/MethodsThis study was carried out on 40 patients with a clinical diagnosis of onychomycosis collected from dermatology outpatient clinic of Alzahraa University Hospital after approval from the research ethics committee of Al‐Azhar University. For each patient, dermoscopic imaging of nail was done. And nail scrapings, culture on sabouraud's dextrose agar medium, and dermatophyte test agar medium. Informed written consent was taken from all patients, and the data collected from dermoscopic and laboratory results were statistically evaluated.ResultsConcerning the dermoscopic features, longitudinal white striae, jagged proximal edge with spikes, were the most commonly detected in DLSOM and TDOM. Linear edge was exclusive to traumatic onycholysis. Laboratory results: Aspergillus species was the most common detected fungus (45%) followed by Candida (32.5%).ConclusionDermoscopy could facilitate the diagnosis of onychomycosis and differentiate it from mycologically negative onycholysis.
Alter circulating cell‐free DNA variables in plasma of ovarian cancer patients
Authors: Yu Zhou , Qin Shanshan , Wang Haidong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimLiquid biopsy shows great potential in the fields of early diagnosis and prognosis in cancer. Ovarian cancer (OC) is the seventh most common cancer and the eighth most common cause of death from cancer in women. The early diagnosis of OC is vital for subsequent treatment and outcome. Here we investigated two markers: cell‐free DNA concentration (cfDNA conc) and cell‐free DNA integrity (cfDI) between OC patients and healthy controls.MethodsAge‐matched OC patients and healthy controls were enrolled in this study. In total, there are 20 patients and 20 healthy controls. cfDNA conc and cfDI were calculated by arthrobacter luteus (ALU) gene using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).ResultsAn increased cfDNA conc in OC patients compared to healthy controls was observed (mean cfDNA conc for OC patients: 1.98 ng/μL, for healthy control: 0.51 ng/μL, P = 0.02). For cfDI, the median value of OC patients is 0.49 while the median value of healthy control is 0.61 (P = 0.038). The diagnostic value of area under the curve was 0.86 for cfDNA conc and 0.72 for cfDI. When cfDNA conc and cfDI were combined, the diagnostic value was 0.90 which indicates a good diagnostic marker.ConclusionAs few reports of cfDNA conc and cfDI differences between OC patients and healthy controls reported, our study shows increased cfDNA concentrations and decreased cfDI in OC patients compared to healthy controls. We also propose that cfDNA biomarkers can be potential diagnostic markers in ovarian cancer.
Long‐term oncological outcomes of minimally invasive radical hysterectomy for early‐stage cervical cancer: A retrospective, single‐institutional study in the wake of the LACC trial
Authors: Kanno Kiyoshi , Andou Masaaki , Yanai Shiori , Toeda Mitsuru , Nimura Ryo , Ichikawa Fuyuki , Teishikata Yasuhiro , Shirane Terumi , Sakate Shintaro , Kihira Tomohisa , Hamasaki Yoichiro , Sawada Mari , Shirane Akira , Ota Yoshiaki 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimThe objective of this study was to investigate the long‐term oncological outcomes of minimally invasive radical hysterectomy (MIRH) for the treatment of early‐stage cervical cancer retrospectively in the wake of the laparoscopic approach to cervical cancer (LACC) trial.MethodsA total of 109 patients with stage IA1 with lymphovascular space involvement, IA2, and IB1 cervical cancers were included in this study. The surgical and oncological outcomes were retrospectively evaluated. All patients underwent type C MIRH with a no‐touch isolation technique for cervical tumor.ResultsThe median number of resected pelvic lymph nodes was 36 (range, 14–94), and 10 patients (9.2%) had positive nodes. One patient (0.9%) had positive surgical margins. Forty‐six patients (42%) underwent adjuvant therapy. The median follow‐up time was 73 months (range, 30–146 months). Five patients (4.6%) developed recurrent disease, and 3 patients (2.8%) died of cervical cancer. The 5‐year disease‐free survival and overall survival rates were 96.3% and 97.2%, respectively. A comparison between patients with tumor diameter ≤ 2 cm (n = 59) and those with tumor diameter > 2 cm (n = 50) did not identify any significant differences, with 5‐year disease‐free survival 96.6% versus 94.0% and 5‐year overall survival 98.3% versus 96.0%, respectively.ConclusionIn this retrospective study, MIRH with a no‐touch isolation technique for stage IA to IB1 cervical cancer was a safe approach in terms of oncological outcomes. However, every surgeon who treats early‐stage cervical cancer should inform each patient of the results of the LACC trial because it has an exceedingly high impact.
Minimally invasive mitral valve surgery is associated with a low rate of complications
Authors: Kastengren M. , Svenarud P. , Ahlsson A. , Dalén M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMinimally invasive mitral valve surgery is generally performed through a right minithoracotomy, in contrast to the traditional full median sternotomy approach. Minimally invasive mitral valve surgery is performed with increasing frequency, and by reducing surgical trauma, several observational studies suggest potential benefits with decreased bleeding and postoperative pain, reduced incidence of sternal wound infections, reduced length of hospital stay and shortened recovery period after surgery. In this review, we present an overview of mitral valve surgery, summarize the available evidence regarding the minimally invasive approach and report our experiences from introducing a minimally invasive mitral valve surgery programme at the Karolinska University Hospital in Stockholm, Sweden.
Point‐of‐care HCV RNA testing in the setting of DAA therapy: HCV‐FiS (HEpatitis C Virus Fingerstick Study)
Authors: Calvaruso Vincenza , Bronte Fabrizio , Ferraro Donatella , Reina Giada , Conte Elisabetta , Rini Francesca , Magro Bianca , Petta Salvatore , Di Marco Vito , Craxì Antonio 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHCV‐RNA assessment during therapy with Direct‐Acting Antiviral (DAA) regimens still relies on assays requiring blood collection and transport to a specialised laboratory, which may compromise linkage to care. GeneXpert‐HCV Viral Load (GXHVL) (Cepheid) is a plasma‐based assay used at point of care (POC) with a sensitivity of ≤10 IU/mL, and, results available within 2 hours. Fifty‐nine consecutive HCV‐patients ready for DAAs treatment were enrolled. HCV‐RNA was simultaneously tested using Roche TaqMan RT‐PCR (venous blood sample) and GXHVL (capillary blood collected by fingerstick), at baseline (BL), week 4 (W4) of therapy, end of therapy (EOT) and week 12 of follow‐up (W12FU). Both assays demonstrated undetectable HCV‐RNA in all patients at EOT and identified the single case of HCV‐relapse at W12FU. GXHVL used as a point‐of‐care assay in the outpatient setting provides results fully comparable to the laboratory‐based test. Its excellent performance and ease of use suggest its adoption in non‐specialist settings where simplicity of care is paramount to implement HCV eradication campaigns.
Targeted transposition with Tn7 elements: safe sites, mobile plasmids, CRISPR/Cas and beyond
Authors: Peters Joseph E. 
Published: September 2019

SummaryTransposon Tn7 is notable for the control it exercises over where transposition events are directed. One Tn7 integration pathways recognizes a highly conserved attachment (att) site in the chromosome, while a second pathway specifically recognizes mobile plasmids that facilitate transfer of the element to new hosts. In this review, I discuss newly discovered families of Tn7‐like elements with different targeting pathways. Perhaps the most exciting examples are multiple instances where Tn7‐like elements have repurposed CRISPR/Cas systems. In these cases, the CRISPR/Cas systems have lost their canonical defensive function to destroy incoming mobile elements; instead, the systems have been naturally adapted to use guide RNAs to specifically direct transposition into these mobile elements. The new families of Tn7‐like elements also include a variety of novel att sites in bacterial chromosomes where genome islands can form. Interesting families have also been revealed where proteins described in the prototypic Tn7 element are fused or otherwise repurposed for the new dual activities. This expanded understanding of Tn7‐like elements broadens our view of how genetic systems are repurposed and provides potentially exciting new tools for genome modification and genomics. Future opportunities and challenges to understanding the impact of the new families of Tn7‐like elements are discussed.
Different DNA methylation profile is demonstrated in paracoccidioidomycosis patients without oral lesions
Authors: Singi Paola , Rocha Raissa P. , de Carli Marina L. , Hanemann João Adolfo C. , Pereira Alessandro A. C. , Coelho Luiz Felipe L. , Malaquias Luiz Cosme C. 
Published: September 2019

SummaryBackgroundParacoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a neglected fungal infection with a high impact on the quality of life of the affected patients. The disease presents primary pulmonary involvement and systemic dissemination may occur. About 50% of the cases show oral involvement, and the factors that lead to this manifestation are not clear.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the DNA methylation profile in PCM patients with oral lesions.Material and MethodsGenomic DNA was extracted from whole blood of eighteen PCM patients, being ten with oral lesions and eight with no oral lesion. Analysis of methylation profile was performed using the technique of methylation‐sensitive arbitrarily primed PCR (MS‐AP‐PCR). The sequences of recombinant plasmids obtained were evaluated according to parameters that define a CpG island, as well as their relative position in the known human genome genes and/or CpG islands.ResultsAfter DNA amplification, three different expressed bands were observed between the two groups, being found in the samples of patients with no oral manifestations. The cloned fragment in the plasmid showed similarity with a DNA sequence present in chromosome 20, next to the YTHDF1 gene. Other bands showed homology with intronic region in the genes RBPMS2 and DPH6 and no CpG island was identified.ConclusionsDNA methylation was found in PCM patients with no oral lesion affecting the YTHDF1 gene. Further studies are necessary to elucidate to role of YTHDF1 gene in the oral PCM manifestations.
The beliefs of non‐psychiatric doctors about the causes, treatments, and prognosis of schizophrenia
Authors: Magliano Lorenza , Citarelli Giulia , Read John 
Published: September 2019

ObjectivesTo examine the causal beliefs about schizophrenia of non‐psychiatric doctors and whether differential belief in biogenetic vs. psychosocial causes influences doctors’ views about treatments and prognosis.Design and methodsThree hundred and five non‐psychiatric doctors working in outpatient community centres completed the ‘Opinions on mental disorders Questionnaire’ after reading a clinical description of people with schizophrenia.ResultsThe factors most frequently reported as causes of schizophrenia were heredity (65.2%) and use of street drugs (54.1%). Seventy‐five per cent of participants endorsed both one or more biological causal factors and one or more psychosocial causal factors. Of the 264 participants who expressed their opinion about the most important cause of schizophrenia, 53.8% indicated a biogenetic cause. Fifty‐two per cent of respondents thought it ‘completely true’ that drugs are useful in schizophrenia, and 33.9% thought it ‘completely true’ that people with schizophrenia must take drugs all their life. Participants stating that the most important cause was biogenetic more frequently recommended a psychiatrist and less frequently a psychologist. Compared to doctors who indicated a psychosocial cause as the most important one, those who indicated a biogenetic cause were more sceptical about recovery, more confident in the usefulness of drugs, and more convinced of the need of lifelong pharmacological treatments in schizophrenia.ConclusionsThese findings suggest the need to provide some doctors with training on the multiple, interacting causes of schizophrenia and the efficacy of the broad range of available treatments. The education of health professionals regarding stigma and its effects on clinical practice is also needed.Practitioner points

Viewing schizophrenia as mainly due to a biological cause is associated with greater confidence in the usefulness of drugs, higher belief in the need for lifelong pharmacological treatments, and greater prognostic pessimism.

Belief in a biologically oriented model of schizophrenia may lead doctors to underestimate the value of psychologists.

Prognostic pessimism among doctors may negatively influence clinical decisions, the information doctors provide to their clients, and clients’ own beliefs about their chances of recovery.

Belief in the need for lifelong pharmacological treatments in schizophrenia may lead doctors to resist drug withdrawal in case of severe side effects.
Foreign entrants and domestic entrepreneurship: Evidence from Vietnam
Authors: Yang Chih‐Hai 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis paper examines the impacts of foreign entrants and international trade on potential entrants in Vietnam. Based on a discrete entry model, estimates show that foreign direct investment (FDI) stimulates more domestic entrants in the short run, while the aggregate effect of FDI varies across FDI types. Horizontal FDI tends to have no impact on local start‐ups while vertical FDI is found to have a positive impact on the inflow of domestic entry for only the backward linkage and not for the forward linkage. Moreover, industries with more exports accommodate more domestic entrants, whereas imports tend to deter domestic start‐ups.
Personal Identity and Trivial Survival
Authors: Sauchelli Andrea 
Published: September 2019

AbstractYour replica is created on Mars and you, on Earth, are destroyed. Parfit claims that your replica may still have what prudentially matters for you – provided that you are psychologically connected and continuous with your replica. If someone accidently destroys the tapes containing your psychological profile used in the production of your replica and this same action fortuitously produces a functionally equivalent tape, Ehring claims that Parfit should maintain that the resulting new individual may still have what matters. Nihilism about what matters follows, or so Ehring claims. I argue that Ehring is wrong and that the difference between the two ways of creating a replica is not trivial – there is no trivial survival.
Gastrointestinal pathogen colonization and the microbiome in asymptomatic kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Westblade Lars F. , Satlin Michael J. , Albakry Shady , Botticelli Brittany , Robertson Amy , Alston Tricia , Magruder Matthew , Zhang Lisa T. , Edusei Emmanuel , Chan Kevin , Lubetzky Michelle , Dadhania Darshana M. , Pamer Eric G. , Suthanthiran Manikkam , Lee John R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn kidney transplant recipients, gastrointestinal (GI) pathogens in feces are only evaluated during diarrheal episodes. Little is known about the prevalence of GI pathogens in asymptomatic individuals in this population.MethodsWe recruited 142 kidney transplant recipients who provided a non‐diarrheal fecal sample within the first 10 days after transplantation. The specimens were evaluated for GI pathogens using the BioFire® FilmArray® GI Panel (BioFire Diagnostics, LLC), which tests for 22 pathogens. The fecal microbiome was also characterized using 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the V4‐V5 hypervariable region. We evaluated whether detection of Clostridioides difficile and other GI pathogens was associated with post‐transplant diarrhea within the first 3 months after transplantation.ResultsAmong the 142 subjects, a potential pathogen was detected in 43 (30%) using the GI Panel. The most common organisms detected were C difficile (n = 24, 17%), enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (n = 8, 6%), and norovirus (n = 5, 4%). Detection of a pathogen on the GI panel or detection of C difficile alone was not associated with future post‐transplant diarrhea (P > .05). The estimated number of gut bacterial species was significantly lower in subjects colonized with C difficile than those not colonized with a GI pathogen (P = .01).ConclusionColonization with GI pathogens, particularly C difficile, is common at the time of kidney transplantation but does not predict subsequent diarrhea. Detection of C difficile carriage was associated with decreased microbial diversity and may be a biomarker of gut dysbiosis.
A new reliable test for crossmatching: microplate hydrogel immunoassay technology
Authors: Chen Y. , Wang M. , Ding S. , Duan S. , Wei S. , Li Y. , Wang H. 
Published: September 2019

SUMMARYObjectivesTo provide a novel assay to detect incomplete antibodies in the crossmatching test.BackgroundThere is a requirement in China that both major and minor crossmatch tests are required. Among all methods of crossmatching, the tube anti‐human globulin test requires tedious washing steps and is time‐consuming, whereas the microcolumn gel immunoassay anti‐human globulin test is susceptible to sample quality.MethodsThe process of the microplate hydrogel immunoassay anti‐human globulin test involves the use of our patented hydrogel chromatography medium and U‐bottom microplates pre‐coated with goat anti‐human globulin (AHG). A mixture of red blood cells (RBCs) and serum is centrifuged through the hydrogel under precise conditions. In incompatible reactions, the sensitised RBCs are captured by the pre‐coated AHG and form a layer over the bottom of the well, whereas in compatible reactions, the unbound RBCs form a button at the bottom of the well. The sensitivity of this new approach and the performance when testing old specimens were evaluated.ResultsThis approach was more convenient and slightly more sensitive than the tube anti‐human globulin test and was superior to the microcolumn gel immunoassay when testing old specimens.ConclusionIn general, this assay is suitable for the routine clinical use of crossmatching to detect incomplete antibodies.
Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction associated with anti‐Mta: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Claes Vincent , Peyrard Thierry , Deleers Marie , El Kenz Hanane 
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUNDMta (MNS14) is a low‐prevalence antigen of the MNS system. A few cases of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn caused by anti‐Mta have been reported in the literature, but up to now this antibody has never been associated with a hemolytic transfusion reaction (HTR).CASE REPORTA 38‐year‐old male with sickle cell disease undergoing exchange transfusion presented with shivering, nausea, dyspnea, and pain in the lower limbs. Biologic parameters showed increased hemolysis. The administered red blood cell (RBC) units had been issued by electronic crossmatch due to a negative antibody screening test. In the posttransfusion investigations, crossmatch of the transfused RBC units with the patient's serum showed incompatibility of one unit. The presence of an antibody against a low‐prevalence antigen was suspected and further serologic testing was performed for identification.RESULTSAnti‐Mta was identified in the patient's serum. The RBCs of the incompatible unit implicated in the HTR were Mt(a+). An eluate of a posttransfusion blood sample of the patient was nonreactive with the incompatible RBCs, and the direct antiglobulin test was negative.CONCLUSIONTo our knowledge, this is the first case report of an HTR associated with anti‐Mta.
Antitumour effects of Liporaxel (oral paclitaxel) for canine melanoma in a mouse xenograft model
Authors: Yang Ji‐In , Jin Bohwan , Kim Su‐Yeon , Li Qiang , Nam Aryung , Ryu Min‐Ok , Lee Won Woo , Son Min‐Hee , Park Hye‐Jin , Song Woo‐Jin , Youn Hwa‐Young 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPaclitaxel, a member of the taxane family, exhibits antitumour effects by targeting the microtubules in cancer cells. Recently, oral paclitaxel has been developed to overcome the side effects of intravenous paclitaxel administration in human patients. The objective of this study was to investigate the antitumour effects of oral paclitaxel in vitro and in vivo. Three weeks after inoculation, oral paclitaxel (25 and 50 mg/kg) or saline was administered every week for three consecutive weeks. To explore the underlying mechanism, tumour angiogenesis was examined by immunohistochemistry with an anti‐CD31 antibody. Tumour cell apoptosis was detected by Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP Nick‐End Labeling assay, and cell cycle arrest was confirmed by western blot analysis. Oral paclitaxel treatment of canine melanoma cells exerted mediated antiproliferative effects and mediated cell cycle arrest in vitro. In animal experiments, after oral paclitaxel administration, the average tumour size decreased to approximately 30% of that in the control. Histologically, oral paclitaxel showed anti‐angiogenic effects and induced the apoptosis in tumour tissues. Oral paclitaxel also downregulated the intratumoural expression of cyclin D1 and inhibited cell proliferation. The study findings support potential application of oral paclitaxel as a novel chemotherapeutic strategy to treat canine melanoma. This is the first study to investigate the potential of oral paclitaxel as a therapeutic drug against canine tumours.