bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal variation and light absorption property of carbonaceous aerosol in a typical glacier region of the southeastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Niu Hewen , Kang Shichang , Wang Hailong , Zhang Rudong , Lu Xixi , Qian Yun , Paudyal Rukumesh , Wang Shijin , Shi Xiaofei , Yan Xingguo 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Deposition and accumulation of light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosol on
glacier surfaces can alter the energy balance of glaciers. In this study, 2 years
(December 2014 to December 2016) of continuous observations of
carbonaceous aerosols in the glacierized region of the Mt. Yulong and Ganhaizi (GHZ)
basin are analyzed. The average elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC)
concentrations were 1.51±0.93 and 2.57±1.32 µg m−3, respectively. Although the annual mean OC ∕ EC
ratio was 2.45±1.96, monthly mean EC concentrations during the
post-monsoon season were even higher than OC in the high altitudes
(approximately 5000 ma.s.l.) of Mt. Yulong. Strong photochemical
reactions and local tourism activities were likely the main factors inducing
high OC ∕ EC ratios in the Mt. Yulong region during the monsoon season. The
mean mass absorption efficiency (MAE) of EC, measured for the first time in
Mt. Yulong, at 632 nm with a thermal-optical carbon analyzer using
the filter-based method, was 6.82±0.73 m2 g−1,
comparable with the results from other studies. Strong seasonal and spatial
variations of EC MAE were largely related to the OC abundance. Source
attribution analysis using a global aerosol–climate model, equipped with
a black carbon (BC) source tagging technique, suggests that East Asia
emissions, including local sources, have the dominant contribution (over
50 %) to annual mean near-surface BC in the Mt. Yulong area. There is
also a strong seasonal variation in the regional source apportionment. South
Asia has the largest contribution to near-surface BC during the pre-monsoon
season, while East Asia dominates the monsoon season and post-monsoon season.
Results in this study have great implications for accurately evaluating the
influences of carbonaceous matter on glacial melting and water resource
supply in glacierization areas.
Tracking the 10Be–26Al source-area signal in sediment-routing systems of arid central Australia
Authors: Struck Martin , Jansen John D. , Fujioka Toshiyuki , Codilean Alexandru T. , Fink David , Fülöp Réka-Hajnalka , Wilcken Klaus M. , Price David M. , Kotevski Steven , Fifield L. Keith , Chappell John 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Sediment-routing systems continuously transfer information and mass from
eroding source areas to depositional sinks. Understanding how these systems
alter environmental signals is critical when it comes to inferring
source-area properties from the sedimentary record. We measure cosmogenic
10Be and 26Al along three large sediment-routing systems
(∼ 100 000 km2) in central Australia with the aim of
tracking downstream variations in 10Be–26Al inventories and
identifying the factors responsible for these variations. By comparing 56 new
cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al measurements in stream sediments with
matching data (n= 55) from source areas, we show that 10Be–26Al
inventories in hillslope bedrock and soils set the benchmark for relative
downstream modifications. Lithology is the primary determinant of
erosion-rate variations in source areas and despite sediment mixing over
hundreds of kilometres downstream, a distinct lithological signal is retained.
Post-orogenic ranges yield catchment erosion rates of ∼ 6–11 m Myr−1 and silcrete-dominant areas erode as slow as
∼ 0.2 m Myr−1. 10Be–26Al inventories in
stream sediments indicate that cumulative-burial terms increase downstream to
mostly ∼ 400–800 kyr and up to
∼ 1.1 Myr. The magnitude of the
burial signal correlates with increasing sediment cover downstream and
reflects assimilation from storages with long exposure histories, such as
alluvial fans, desert pavements, alluvial plains, and aeolian dunes. We
propose that the tendency for large alluvial rivers to mask their
10Be–26Al source-area signal differs according to geomorphic
setting. Signal preservation is favoured by (i) high sediment supply rates,
(ii) high mean runoff, and (iii) a thick sedimentary basin pile. Conversely,
signal masking prevails in landscapes of (i) low sediment supply and (ii) juxtaposition of sediment storages with notably different exposure histories.
What does ‘holism’ mean in Indigenous mental health?
Authors: Bhattacharjee Ranjana , Maltby Alana 
Published: May 2018

In Canada, suicide and depression rates are much higher among Indigenous populations compared to the general population. Colonial practices, cultural discontinuity, marginalization, and oppression have led to many of the mental health issues faced by Indigenous populations today. Recent literature emphasizes the importance of culture in the treatment and prevention of mental health problems among Indigenous peoples. Unfortunately, Indigenous perspectives on mental health or wellness in the peer-reviewed literature are often limited. This review aims to incorporate the grey literature produced by Indigenous organizations to better describe what ‘holism’ is as it relates to the wellness of Indigenous peoples, and to identify some practical implications of this understanding for healthcare providers addressing the needs of Indigenous patients and clients.
Moral distress in health care professionals
Authors: Corrado Ann Marie , Molinaro Monica L 
Published: May 2018

Thousands of health care providers currently live and practice in Canada,1 and each day these providers are presented with new situations from their patients and clients. Many of these situations require much contemplation, and often both personal and professional judgment is used to come to a conclusion. In many cases, the decision-making process becomes difficult due to personal and professional beliefs, as well as institutional and legal requirements placed upon the health care provider. This phenomenon, known as moral distress, is “when one knows the right thing to do, but institutional constraints make it nearly impossible to pursue the right course of action”.2 This work provides a brief introduction to the topic of moral distress, the systemic factors that can lead to the development of moral distress, how it manifests in health care providers, and coping mechanisms used by health care providers to manage their moral distress.
Two cases of plasmacytoid variant of bladder cancer
Authors: Fan Stacy 
Published: May 2018

Introduction: Plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma (PUC) is a rare and aggressive variant of bladder cancer. Since PUC is infrequently encountered, its management continues to be a formidable challenge.
Case 1: A 74-year-old gentleman was admitted with a 1-month history of gross hematuria and urinary overflow incontinence. Cystoscopy revealed an abnormal growth at the bladder base and biopsies were taken. This patient had high grade PUC sparing the muscularis propria (MP). He underwent nephrostomy tube insertion and subsequent conversion to internal stents 8 weeks later. Repeat resection showed muscle-invasive PUC. Repeat CT showed subcentimeter bilateral inguinal and external iliac lymphadenopathy. The surgeon discovered a dense infiltrative reaction within the retroperitoneum and colonic obstruction during radical cystoprostatectomy and palliative colostomy, confirming metastatic PUC.
Case 2: A 72-year-old gentleman presented with gross hematuria, bleeding from an established end ileostomy, and bowel obstruction symptoms. Cystoscopy identified an anterior bladder tumour and CT staging confirmed a small bowel obstruction (SBO). Transurethral resection showed PUC with invasion of the MP and lymphovascular space. Obvious positive margins were identified during radical cystoprostatectomy, as the tumour clearly invaded bone and the rectal stump. Ileostomy output ceased post-operatively on day 4, and bowel contents began leaking through his urethra the following day. Reassessment of goals of care resulted in cessation of significant interventions. Unfortunately, he passed away 2 weeks post-operatively due to sepsis.
Discussion: These cases illustrate the aggressiveness of PUC bladder tumours and how imaging frequently under-stages these patients. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to attempting surgical control may be beneficial.
Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for young adults with cancer
Authors: Roth Amanda , Nissim Rinat , Elliott Mary 
Published: May 2018

Introduction: Cancer diagnosis and treatment frequently involves physical and psychological symptoms, including anxiety, depression, fatigue, and sleep disturbances. The young adult population with cancer face unique struggles including poignancy in relation to self-concept, identity formation, independence, role development, loss of independence, and time away from school and peers. Mindfulness-based interventions are increasingly being evaluated for individuals with a cancer diagnosis. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) combines Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction with aspects of cognitive behavioural therapy. This paper aims to briefly describe MBCT and its benefits and challenges in the young adult population with cancer.
Method: An analysis of themes was conducted of post-intervention semi-structured interviews that were conducted with a subsample of 14 participants to gain more detailed information regarding their perception.
Findings: Participants reported positive transformations including in how they cope.
Conclusions: Although a small sample size limits its generalizability, this study provides further evidence that MBCT can be successful in treating psychological symptoms in young adults with cancer.
Taiwanese University Students’ Expectations of Ideal English Class Lessons
Authors: Shirban Sasi Abolfazl , Haga Toshinari 
Published: May 2018

Learning English is a basic requirement amongst Taiwanese university students. A detailed scrutiny of what activities in an English class are more attractive to this need-to-be productive population would prove very useful to the education authorities. Thus, the current study has focused on the university students’ opinion on the ideal English class. The participants were 446 students from TransWorld University. A 10-item multiple-choice questionnaire based on Littlewood (2010) was the instrument. The results revealed that girls and boys showed significant differences in their preference for English language activities. However, they had almost equal stand towards usage of language games and emphasis on correct pronunciation. Also, both genders showed the highest interest in a relaxed class atmosphere; and the lowest interest in the usage of smart phones in the class activities. Moreover, EFL-major students shared many common expectations with students of College of Hospitality and Tourism; and the least with the students of College of Management.
Pseudolatirus Bellardi, 1884 revisited, with the description of two new genera and five new species (Neogastropoda: Fasciolariidae)
Authors: Kantor Yuri I. , Fedosov Alexander E. , Snyder Martin Avery , Bouchet Philippe 
Published: May 2018

The genus Pseudolatirus Bellardi, 1884, with the Miocene type species Fusus bilineatus Hörnes, 1853, has been used for 13 Miocene to Early Pleistocene fossil species and eight Recent species and has traditionally been placed in the fasciolariid subfamily Peristerniinae Tryon, 1880. Although the fossil species are apparently peristerniines, the Recent species were in their majority suspected to be most closely related to Granulifusus Kuroda & Habe, 1954 in the subfamily Fusininae Wrigley, 1927. Their close affinity was confirmed by the molecular phylogenetic analysis of Couto et al. (2016). In the molecular phylogenetic section we present a more detailed analysis of the relationships of 10 Recent Pseudolatirus-like species, erect two new fusinine genera, Okutanius gen. nov. (type species Fusolatirus kuroseanus Okutani, 1975) and Vermeijius gen. nov. (type species Pseudolatirus pallidus Kuroda & Habe, 1961). Five species are described as new for science, three of them are based on sequenced specimens (Granulifusus annae sp. nov., G. norfolkensis sp. nov., Okutanius ellenae gen. et sp. nov.) and two (G. tatianae sp. nov., G. guidoi sp. nov.) are attributed to Granulifusus on the basis of conchological similarities to sequenced species. New data on radular morphology is presented for examined species.
Bioreactors for Cardiac Tissue Engineering
Authors: Paez‐Mayorga Jesus , Hernández‐Vargas Gustavo , Ruiz‐Esparza Guillermo U. , Iqbal Hafiz M. N. , Wang Xichi , Zhang Yu Shrike , Parra‐Saldivar Roberto , Khademhosseini Ali 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe advances in biotechnology, biomechanics, and biomaterials can be used to develop organ models that aim to accurately emulate their natural counterparts. Heart disease, one of the leading causes of death in modern society, has attracted particular attention in the field of tissue engineering. To avoid incorrect prognosis of patients suffering from heart disease, or from adverse consequences of classical therapeutic approaches, as well as to address the shortage of heart donors, new solutions are urgently needed. Biotechnological advances in cardiac tissue engineering from a bioreactor perspective, in which recapitulation of functional, biochemical, and physiological characteristics of the cardiac tissue can be used to recreate its natural microenvironment, are reviewed. Detailed examples of functional and preclinical applications of engineered cardiac constructs and the state‐of‐the‐art systems from a bioreactor perspective are provided. Finally, the current trends and future directions of the field for its translation to clinical settings are discussed.
Reverse‐Offset Printed Ultrathin Ag Mesh for Robust Conformal Transparent Electrodes for High‐Performance Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Jiang Zhi , Fukuda Kenjiro , Xu Xiaomin , Park Sungjun , Inoue Daishi , Jin Hanbit , Saito Masahiko , Osaka Itaru , Takimiya Kazuo , Someya Takao 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMechanically durable transparent electrodes are needed in flexible optoelectronic devices to realize their long‐term stable functioning, for applications in various fields such as energy, healthcare, and soft robotics. Several promising transparent electrodes based on nanomaterials have been previously reported to replace the conventional and fragile indium‐tin oxide (ITO); however, obtaining feasible printed transparent electrodes for ultraflexible devices with a multistack structure is still a great challenge. Here, a printed ultrathin (uniform thickness of 100 nm) Ag mesh transparent electrode is demonstrated, simultaneously achieving high conductance, high transparency, and good mechanical properties. It shows a 17 Ω sq−1 sheet resistance (Rsh) with 93.2% transmittance, which surpasses the performance of sputtered ITO electrodes and other ultrathin Ag mesh transparent electrodes. The conductance is stable after 500 cycles of 100% stretch/release deformation, with an insignificant increase (10.6%) in Rsh by adopting a buckling structure. Furthermore, organic photovoltaics (OPVs) using our Ag mesh transparent electrodes achieve a power conversion efficiency of 8.3%, which is comparable to the performance of ITO‐based OPVs.
Organocatalytic Oxidative Cyclization of Amidoximes for the Synthesis of 1,2,4‐Oxadiazolines
Authors: Soni Vineet Kumar , Kim Jun , Cho Eun Jin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOrganocatalytic synthesis of bi‐ and tricyclic fused 1,2,4‐oxadiazolines is reported. The reaction proceeds through oxidative cyclization of the corresponding amidoxime using 2,4,6‐tris(4‐fluorophenyl)pyrylium tetrafluoroborate (T(p‐F)PPT) as the organocatalyst, and molecular oxygen as the green oxidant. During the transformation, T(p‐F)PPT acts as both the electrophilic catalyst and photocatalyst, and the reaction is promoted by irradiation with visible light. The method introduced herein offers a straightforward route to the preparation of 1,2,4‐oxadiazolines with different functionalities, and is highly atom economical.magnified image
Cell Configurations and Electrode Materials for Nonaqueous Sodium‐Ion Capacitors: The Current State of the Field
Authors: Glushenkov Alexey M. , Ellis Amanda V. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractNonaqueous sodium‐ion capacitors are a new type of hybrid energy storage cells that combine the advantages of sodium‐ion batteries and supercapacitors. Unlike their commercialized lithium‐ion analogues, sodium‐ion capacitors use sodium ions in the cell operation. A classic configuration of a sodium‐ion capacitor includes a battery‐type anode with a capacitive cathode within the same cell, thus optimizing both the energy and power densities of the device. This is commonly achieved by using hard carbon anodes and activated carbon cathodes, although other suitable anode materials can be used. Meanwhile, the energy storage community has moved beyond this classic concept, with a number of cell configurations deviating from the classic sodium‐ion capacitor design having been described. These include the use of titanate and TiO2 anodes with sloping charge profiles, the use of other nonstandard battery‐type anodes, an “upside‐down” sodium‐ion capacitor design, and the application of new materials (e.g., MXenes) as alternatives to the traditional capacitive electrodes. This review summarizes the reported cell configurations and electrode materials described by various researchers, and provides an analysis of the current state of the field of nonaqueous sodium‐ion capacitors.
A Review of Metal‐ and Metal‐Oxide‐Based Heterogeneous Catalysts for Electroreduction of Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Liu Guanyu , Tran‐Phu Thanh , Chen Hongjun , Tricoli Antonio 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCapping and, eventually, reducing the atmospheric levels of greenhouse gases such as CO2 is an urgent priority, and a focus of multidisciplinary efforts. Among other techniques, advanced technologies for CO2 capture and conversion are highly desirable to limit CO2 emissions. Electrochemical reduction of CO2, using off‐peak renewable electricity, to value‐added chemicals and fuels has attracted extensive research interest. A main effort is directed toward the development of efficient, selective, and robust electrocatalysts to promote CO2 reduction, due to its sluggish reaction kinetics. Here, recent investigations and achievements in the design of metal‐ and metal‐oxide‐based heterogeneous catalysts are reviewed in terms of catalytic activity, selectivity, stability, and mechanism. A classification of heterogeneous CO2 catalysts is presented based on the main products of electrochemical reduction of CO2, including HCOOH, CO, C2H4, CH3OH, and C3H8O. The key catalysts' properties favoring the production of specific chemical products from the CO2 reduction reaction are critically discussed. The challenges for achieving superior CO2 reduction electrocatalysts are discussed providing future research directions for their design and development.
Atomically Thin 2D Multinary Nanosheets for Energy‐Related Photo, Electrocatalysis
Authors: Xiong Jun , Di Jun , Li Huaming 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe severe energy crisis and environmental issues have led to an increase in research on the development of sustainable energy. Atomically thin 2D multinary nanosheets with tunable components show advantages for producing sustainable energy via photo, electrocatalysis processes. Here, recent progress of atomically thin 2D multinary nanosheets from the design, synthesis, tuning, and sustainable energy production via photo, electrocatalysis processes is summarized. The regulating strategies such as alloying, doping, vacancy engineering, pores construction, surface modification, and heterojunction are summarized, focusing on how to optimize the catalytic performance of atomically thin 2D multinary nanosheets. In addition, advancements in versatile energy‐related photo, electrocatalytic applications in the areas of oxygen evolution, oxygen reduction, hydrogen evolution, CO2 reduction, and nitrogen fixation are discussed. Finally, existing challenges and future research directions in this promising field are presented.
Evolution on the backbone: Apocynaceae phylogenomics and new perspectives on growth forms, flowers, and fruits
Authors: Fishbein Mark , Livshultz Tatyana , Straub Shannon C. K. , Simões André O. , Boutte Julien , McDonnell Angela , Foote Abbey 
Published: May 2018

Premise of the StudyWe provide the largest phylogenetic analyses to date of Apocynaceae in terms of taxa and molecular data as a framework for analyzing the evolution of vegetative and reproductive traits.MethodsWe produced maximum‐likelihood phylogenies of Apocynaceae using 21 plastid loci sampled from 1045 species (nearly 25% of the family) and complete plastomes from 73 species. We reconstructed ancestral states and used model comparisons in a likelihood framework to analyze character evolution across Apocynaceae.Key ResultsWe obtained a well‐supported phylogeny of Apocynaceae, resolving poorly understood tribal and subtribal relationships (e.g., among Amsonieae and Hunterieae, within Asclepiadeae), rejecting monophyly of Melodineae and Odontadenieae, and placing previously unsampled and enigmatic taxa (e.g., Pycnobotrya). We provide new insights into the evolution of Apocynaceae, including frequent shifts between herbaceousness and woodiness, reversibility of twining, integrated evolution of the corolla and gynostegium, and ancestral baccate fruits.ConclusionsIncreased sampling and selection of best‐fitting models of evolution provide more resolved and robust estimates of phylogeny and character evolution than obtained in previous studies. Evolutionary inferences are sensitive to choice of phylogenetic frameworks and models.
Effects of osteoarthritis on age‐at‐death estimates from the human pelvis
Authors: Calce Stephanie E. , Kurki Helen K. , Weston Darlene A. , Gould Lisa 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectivesThis study examined the degree of error in age‐at‐death estimates when osteoarthritis (OA) is present in three separate pelvic joint areas: (1) the pubic symphysis, (2) the auricular surface, and (3) the acetabulum from a modern known‐age European cemetery sample of adults.Materials and methodsAge‐at‐death ranged from 17 to 79 years (x̄=50.9 years;n = 252). OA in the pelvic joints was evaluated using standard ranked categorical scoring. Composite OA scores were derived through principal component analysis. Blind age assessments and all analyses were performed separately by region. Error between adult age groups (young, middle, old) and between OA severity groups (low, middle, high) was evaluated using one‐way ANOVAs with post‐hoc testing, ordinary least squares regression, and transition analysis with a cumulative probit model. Ages‐at‐transition were compared with Nphases2.ResultsThree significant results emerge. First, OA severity has an effect on the accuracy of age estimates from os coxa joints in this sample. Second, this influence is most significant for different age cohorts in each joint region, demonstrating that varied rates of arthritic trait progression occur between the auricular surface, pubic symphyses, and acetabulum. Third, those with OA appear to be aging faster, a consistent trend among the os coxa regions.ConclusionsThese results have significant consequences for understanding the rate of bone remodeling in relation to disease, aging, and the evaluation of skeletal age indicators.