bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Looking for the Best and Brightest? Deservingness Regimes in Italian Labour Migration Management
Authors: Bonizzoni Paola 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIt is often maintained that contemporary foreign labour recruitment programs have taken an increasingly selective stance and that skills are increasingly crucial in granting migrants easier access and stronger welfare and residency rights in receiving countries. The paper provides a retrospective account of the evolution of Italian labour migration management, paying attention to the changing selection criteria reflected in some of its “front, back and side doors”. It will be shown that Italian labour migration management is increasingly embracing a bifurcated regime of deservingness. Despite some recent tentative signs of change towards an increased evaluation of high skills as a selection principle embedded into a competitiveness‐driven frame, over the last decades labour migration management has been largely dominated by the recruitment of a low‐skilled workforce. The paper discusses the emergence of a specific construction migrants’ deservingness placing Italy in a peculiar position in a European context.
Deficient arginase II expression without alteration in arginase I expression attenuated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice
Authors: Choudry Mariam , Tang Xiaolei , Santorian Tiffany , Wasnik Samiksha , Xiao Jidong , Xing Weirong , Lau Kin‐Hing William , Mohan Subburaman , Baylink David J. , Qin Xuezhong 
Published: March 2018

SummaryIn the past there have been a multitude of studies that ardently support the role of arginase II (Arg II) in vascular and endothelial disorders; however, the regulation and function of Arg II in autoimmune diseases has thus far remained unclear. Here we report that a global Arg II null mutation in mice suppressed experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis. During EAE, both Arg I and Arg II were induced in spinal cords, but only Arg II was induced in spleens and splenic dendritic cells (DCs). DC activation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), CD40L or TLR8 agonist significantly enhanced Arg II expression without affecting Arg I expression. Conversely, DC differentiating cytokines [IL‐4 and granulocyte macrophage‐colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF)] yielded opposite effects. In addition, Arg I and Arg II were regulated differentially during Th1 and Th17 cell polarization. Arg II deficiency in mice delayed EAE onset, ameliorated clinical symptoms and reduced myelin loss, accompanied by a remarkable reduction in the EAE‐induced spinal cord expression of Th17 cell markers (IL‐17 and RORγt). The abundance of Th17 cells and IL‐23+ cells in relevant draining lymph nodes was significantly reduced in Arg II knockout mice. In activated DCs, Arg II deficiency significantly suppressed the expression of Th17‐differentiating cytokines IL‐23 and IL‐6. Interestingly, Arg II deficiency did not lead to any compensatory increase in Arg I expression in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, Arg II was identified as a factor promoting EAE likely via an Arg I‐independent mechanism. Arg II may promote EAE by enhancing DC production of Th17‐differentiating cytokines. Specific inhibition of Arg II could be a potential therapy for multiple sclerosis.
Understanding the current sexual health service provision for mental health consumers by nurses in mental health settings: Findings from a Survey in Australia and England
Authors: Quinn Chris , Platania‐Phung Chris , Bale Christopher , Happell Brenda , Hughes Elizabeth 
Published: March 2018

AbstractNurses in mental health settings avoid talking to consumers about sexual health concerns. It is unclear whether this avoidance prevents the provision of sexual healthcare. The present study gathered information about how mental health nurses respond to sexual health issues within their routine practice, what issues they address, and their view on their role in promoting sexual health for consumers. A cross‐sectional study using an electronic survey questionnaire, originally generated from a previous study in the united kingdom, was employed. The study occurred in four National Health Service Trusts in England and a national call for participants in Australia. Participants were nurse clinicians (n = 303) who self‐selected by completing surveys available via email and newsletters containing links to the survey. The results demonstrated that mental health nurses do not routinely include sexual health in their practice and are poorly prepared in knowing what to do with a sexual health issue, and what services to assist consumers to use. In conclusion, it has been well established in the literature that mental health consumers experience high sexual health needs that potentially impact on health and recovery. Mental health nurses are ideally placed to promote sexual health and refer consumers to sexual health and family planning services. Training to improve the confidence and responsiveness of mental health nurses to sexual health is an urgent need.
Intercountry master's degree in nursing: policy implications for the Mozambican health system
Authors: Bruce J.C. , Schmollgruber S. , Baumann J. 
Published: March 2018

PurposeWithin an overarching evaluation framework, this study explored the experiences of course participants and administrators of an intercountry master's degree in nursing between South Africa and Mozambique. The lessons learnt were used to inform nursing and health policy for the Mozambican health system.MethodsKirkpatrick's four levels of training evaluation and a results‐oriented approach to capacity change were integrated to form a hybrid evaluation framework to capture information about course implementation and the context/environment within which it was delivered. The study used quantitative and qualitative methods including a self‐administered survey of course participants, document review, in‐depth, semi‐structured interviews with course administrators and two focus group discussions with course participants.FindingsParticipants enrolled in the course primarily to gain new knowledge and to improve health outcomes; course participants and administrators responded positively to the course design, course implementation and the quality of teaching. Knowledge and skills gained help to build graduates’ confidence and boost their attitude towards nursing. Paradoxically, graduates felt powerless to transfer knowledge and effect change in practice.ConclusionThis collaborative, capacity development project produced postgraduate nurses in two areas of specialization, namely, critical care and trauma nursing and maternal and neonatal health. While course participants gained significant benefits in new skills and knowledge and a higher degree qualification, the rewards available to them in the public health system remain unclear.Implications for nursing and health policyLessons learnt may serve to influence policy decisions about the role of the Ministry of Health and other stakeholders in sustaining the output and quality of postgraduate nurses for the Mozambican health system. A strategic approach informed by multilevel policies at government, organizational and managerial levels should be adopted to systematically minimize and remove barriers to the transfer and utilization of knowledge and skills in the workplace.
Community health needs assessment: a nurses’ global health project in Vietnam
Authors: Cho S. , Lee H. , Yoon S. , Kim Y. , Levin P.F. , Kim E. 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundGlobal health has been directed to providing solutions to various health issues cross‐nations, and nurses have received wide recognition as a key health workforce to reduce health disparities globally. Nurses involved in global health research are required to implement evidence‐based global nursing practices based on the assessments of local health needs.AimTo assess health needs and to suggest future interventions in rural communities of Vietnam.MethodsA multifaceted rapid participatory appraisal with information pyramid was used applying mixed methods from six sources: existing record review, surveys of community residents, surveys of healthcare providers, focus group discussions with community leaders, informal discussions with governmental health administrators and observations of community health station (CHS) facilities.ResultsThe majority used the CHSs as primary health facilities with high satisfaction for services currently provided. However, there were needs for the stations to provide more comprehensive services including chronic diseases, and for healthcare providers to improve their competences. Community leaders showed high interest in health information for chronic diseases and strong commitment to involvement in the activities for health of their communities. The findings suggest future interventions in the areas of the enhancement of CHS’ functions, human resources and the self‐care capacity of community residents.Conclusion and policy implicationsThe rapid participatory appraisal approach emphasizing community participation and partnership was a useful tool to compile accurate information about the current needs of the community on health, the preparedness of healthcare services to meet community's demands and about community capacity. This process is fundamental to nurses, who initiate global health projects in resource‐limited international countries, to generate evidences regarding practice, research and policy for taking responsibilities in promoting the sustainable development goals.
Can Mutual Fund Investors Distinguish Good from Bad Managers?
Authors: Dyakov Teodor , Verbeek Marno 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMutual fund flows respond significantly to the return gap, which captures information about unobserved actions of mutual funds and predicts future performance. The sensitivity of fund flows to the return gap is: (i) strong and positive; (ii) increasing with investor sophistication; (iii) highly nonlinear; and (iv) decreasing with the informativeness of past fund returns. On average, the response of investors to the return gap enhances their performance. Our findings suggest there is a sophisticated mass of investors who can distinguish good from bad managers using information that may not be directly inferred from standard performance indicators.
The effect of role conflict on self‐disclosure in social network sites: An integrated perspective of boundary regulation and dual process model
Authors: Liu Zilong , Wang Xuequn , Min Qingfei , Li Wenli 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAs people increasingly integrate social network sites (SNSs) into their daily lives, their social connections on SNSs become more diverse, including their friends, co‐workers, and relatives. In such a context, users may receive different role expectations from their various social circles and experience role conflict in their usage of SNSs. Furthermore, previous literature suggests that people may not always make privacy‐related decisions through effortful and deliberate information processing. Drawing on the perspective of boundary regulation and dual process theories, this study clarifies the consequences of role conflict on SNSs. A theoretical model is developed to examine the effect of role conflict regarding privacy risk and perceived control, which, in turn, impact self‐disclosure behaviour, as well as how this process is moderated by high‐ versus low‐effort processing. The results of 4 experiments provide strong support for our model. The implications for theory and practice are discussed.
MoS2 nanosheet/ZnO nanowire hybrid nanostructures for photoelectrochemical water splitting
Authors: Li Hongxia , Dong Wei , Zhang Jun , Xi Junhua , Du Gang , Ji Zhenguo 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAs an efficient cocatalyst, the 2D MoS2 is thought to be a promising substitute to noble metals in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In the past few years, single and few‐layer MoS2 nanosheets have attracted a wide range of concerns for HERs. In this paper, single crystalline ZnO nanowires and MoS2 nanosheets are fabricated to form MoS2 nanosheet/ZnO nanowire hybrid nanostructure to enhance the hydrogen photogeneration. The results show that the hybridization of ZnO with moderate MoS2 loading could enhance the PEC activity by producing more electrons and holes and reducing their recombination. The synthesis of MoS2/ZnO composites proposed an effective way to build low cost and highly active HER catalysts. Moreover, the study on MoS2/ZnO composites sheds light to the deep insight into the mechanism of photoelectrocatalytic HERs.
Synthesis and properties of conductive B4C ceramic composites with TiB2 grain network
Authors: Ren Donglou , Deng Qihuang , Wang Ji , Yang Jisen , Li Youbing , Shao Junqi , Li Mian , Zhou Jie , Ran Songlin , Du Shiyu , Huang Qing 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHigh electrical resistance and low fracture toughness of B4C ceramics are 2 of the primary challenges for further machining of B4C ceramics. This report illustrates that these 2 challenges can be overcome simultaneously using core‐shell B4C‐TiB2&TiC powder composites, which were prepared by molten‐salt method using B4C (10 ± 0.6 μm) and Ti powders as raw materials without co‐ball milling. Finally, the near completely dense (98%) B4C‐TiB2 interlayer ceramic composites were successfully fabricated by subsequent pulsed electric current sintering (PECS). The uniform conductive coating on the surface of B4C particles improved the mass transport by electro‐migration in PECS and thus enhanced the sinterability of the composites at a comparatively low temperature of 1700°C. The mechanical, electrical and thermal properties of the ceramic composites were investigated. The interconnected conductive TiB2 phase at the grain boundary of B4C significantly improved the properties of B4C‐TiB2 ceramic composites: in the case of B4C‐29.8 vol% TiB2 composite, the fracture toughness of 4.38 MPa·m1/2, the electrical conductivity of 4.06 × 105 S/m, and a high thermal conductivity of 33 W/mK were achieved.
Piezoelectric properties of (Na0.5K0.5)(Nb1‐xSbx)O3‐SrTiO3 ceramics with tetragonal‐pseudocubic PPB structure
Authors: Kim Dae‐Hyeon , Lee Tae‐Gon , Cho Sung‐Hoon , Lee Ku‐Tak , Lee Tae‐Ho , Hong Youn‐Woo , Hong Chang‐Hyo , Kim Jeong‐Seog , Nahm Sahn 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCuO‐added 0.96(Na0.5K0.5)(Nb1‐xSbx)O3‐0.04SrTiO3 ceramics sintered at the low temperature of 960°C for 10 hours showed dense microstructures and high relative densities. The specimens with 0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.04 had orthorhombic‐tetragonal polymorphic phase boundary (PPB) structure. Tetragonal‐pseudocubic PPB structure was observed in specimens with 0.05 ≤ x ≤ 0.07, while the specimen with x = 0.08 has a pseudocubic structure. The structural variation in the specimens is explained by the decreases in the orthorhombic‐tetragonal transition temperature and Curie temperature with the addition of Sb5+ ions. The specimens with 0.05 ≤ x ≤ 0.07, which have tetragonal‐pseudocubic PPB structure, had large electric field‐induced strains of 0.14%‐0.016%. Moreover, these specimens also showed increased d33 values between 280 pC/N and 358 pC/N. In particular, the specimen with x = 0.055 showed particularly enhanced piezoelectric properties: d33 of 358 pC/N, kp of 0.45, and the electric field‐induced strain of 0.16% at 4.5 kV/mm.
Silicon nitridation mechanism in reaction‐bonded Si3N4–SiC and Si3N4‐bonded ferrosilicon nitride
Authors: Long Menglong , Li Yong , Jin Xiuming , Yao Guisheng , Sun Jialin , Kumar Ramachandran V. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractReaction‐bonded Si3N4–SiC and Si3N4‐bonded ferrosilicon nitride, with Si powder, SiC particles and Fe3Si–Si3N4 particles as raw materials, respectively, are prepared in flame‐isolation nitridation shuttle kiln with flowing N2 at 1723K. There is columnar β‐Si3N4 in both Si3N4–SiC and Si3N4‐bonded ferrosilicon nitride. However, fibrous α‐Si3N4 is only observed in Si3N4–SiC and Si3N4‐bonded ferrosilicon nitride contains much more Si2N2O than Si3N4–SiC. By analyzing the oxidation thermodynamics of Si and Si3N4, it is known that in the process of producing Si3N4–SiC, Si is oxidized first to gaseous SiO and fibrous α‐Si3N4 is generated with SiO and N2. The existence of SiO is the reason of low silicon nitridation rate. But in the process of producing Si3N4‐bonded ferrosilicon nitride, Si3N4 is easier to be oxidized than Si and Si2N2O is generated on the surface of Si3N4 hexagonal prisms in ferrosilicon nitride particles. Meanwhile, Si in raw materials forms new ferrosilicon alloys with Fe3Si, which decreases the temperature of liquid appearance and blocks some open pores in the samples, which stops the matter loss of nitridation. Liquid ferrosilicon alloys favors β‐Si3N4 generation from Si direct nitridation and fibrous α‐Si3N4 transformation, which used to exist in ferrosilicon nitride raw materials.
Thermal history driven molecular structure transitions in alumino‐borosilicate glass
Authors: Baek Ji‐Yeon , Shin Seung‐Ho , Kim Seon‐Hyo , Cho Jung‐Wook 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe glass network structure governs various thermos‐physical properties such as viscosity, thermal, and electrical conductivities, and crystallization kinetics. We investigated the effect of temperature on structural changes in a Na2O‐CaO‐Al2O3‐SiO2‐B2O3 glass system using 27Al MAS NMR spectroscopy. Around the glass transition temperature, most of aluminate structures exist as AlO4, acting as a glass former. When the temperature is above the melt crystallization temperature, the AlO4 structure is drastically decreased and glass structures are mainly composed of AlO5 and AlO6, acting as glass modifiers. Thermodynamic assessment based on Gibbs energy minimization was used to confirm the dependency of aluminate structure's amphoteric characteristic on temperature by calculating the site fraction of aluminate molecular structures at different temperatures. Temperature‐induced aluminate structural variation can also influence silicate and borate structural changes, which have been confirmed by the 29Si and 11B NMR spectra.
Alkali activation of a novel calcium‐silicate hydraulic binder with CaO/SiO2 = 1.1
Authors: Santos Rodrigo L. , Horta Ricardo B. , Pereira João , Nunes Teresa G. , Rocha Paulo , Colaço Rogério 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA quasi‐amorphous low‐calcium‐silicate hydraulic binder, with an overall CaO/SiO2 (C/S) molar ratio of 1.1, was produced. This cementitious material was then hydrated with aqueous solutions containing 3 wt% alkalis (either NaOH, Na2CO3 or Na2SiO3). The evolution of the hydration processes of the samples were monitored by compressive strength testing, XRD, FTIR, 29Si and 27Al MAS NMR, isothermal calorimetry and TGA. It was found that the nearly exclusive hydration product formed was a C‐S‐H phase with a semi‐crystalline structure. More importantly, the paste prepared with the Na2SiO3 solution developed compressive strength values similar to those of ordinary portland cements (OPC) with faster early age kinetics. In addition, the isothermal calorimetry results indicated that these new hydraulic binders present much lower heat of hydration values compared with a traditional OPC. The results presented here open the possibility of producing cement with a compressive strength comparable to that of OPC but with lower CO2 emissions during the production process and with lower hydration heat related problems during the production of concrete structures.
pH‐dependent facile synthesis of CaAl‐layered double hydroxides and its effect on the growth inhibition of cancer cells
Authors: Saha Suman , Ray Sayantan , Ghosh Swapankumar , Chakraborty Jui 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe present communication reports a pH‐dependent facile synthesis of calcium aluminum layered double hydroxide (CaAl‐LDH), at 3 different pH conditions of 8.5, 10.5 and 12.5 respectively, by simple coprecipitation route that led to the precipitation of the same in phase pure or in mixed phase form, and their detail characterization. Interestingly, at a pH of 8.5, the precipitate obtained was 100% phase pure CaAl‐LDH, represented as sample A, whereas, at higher pH conditions, a mixed phase comprising 37% of a combination of CaCO3 polymorphs, e.g., calcite and aragonite and 63% of the CaAl‐LDH (at pH 10.5, represented as sample B) and 43% of a combination of calcite and aragonite and the rest 57% being CaAl‐LDH (at pH 12.5, represented as sample C) respectively, were obtained. The increasing trend of the presence of carbonate anion (with reference to calcite and aragonite phases) was estimated by trace level ion‐exchange chromatography study using organic acid column. All the above samples were tested for their anticancer activity in vitro, using cancer cell lines, e.g., human colon carcinoma (HCT116) and human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7). Interestingly, sample A only exhibited significant growth inhibition of the cancer cells as above‐mentioned. The observation as above was verified using human osteoblast precursor cells (MC3T3) as well, on which, all the samples (sample A, sample B and sample C) exhibited good cellular viability.
In situ HTXRD formation of magnesium titanates
Authors: Tuval Tamir , Zabicky Jacob , Gispert‐Guirado Francesc , Kimmel Giora , Goncharov Elena , Shneck Roni Z. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCoprecipitated xerogel precursors of nanocrystalline magnesium titanates, with a Mg:Ti stoichiometric ratio of 2:1, were subjected to thermal treatment in air at constant temperature, from 100 to 1300°C, using a hot‐stage X‐ray powder diffractometer. The phase sequences, the kinetics of phase evolution and crystallite size were studied during the first hour of the process at different temperatures. Until 500°C no diffraction peaks were observed. Between 550 and 800°C the structure was a mixture of two cubic nanocrystalline coherent structures: qandilite‐like and periclase‐like forms. At 900 and 1000°C, after 15 minutes, geikielite and periclase appear in small amounts but the qandilite‐like phase remains predominant; at 1100°C and above, qandilite is formed again as a single phase. The diffraction lines were substantially broadened for all crystalline phases formed at low temperatures, becoming sharper with increasing temperature and time. The phase evolution is interpreted as a consequence of the decrease in the surface area to volume ratio with increasing temperature and time, thus decreasing the significance of the surface energy. Linear thermal expansion coefficients were derived for qandilite.