bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implicit sequence learning in young people with Tourette syndrome with and without co‐occurring attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Shephard Elizabeth , Groom Madeleine J. , Jackson Georgina M. 
Published: July 2018

Impaired habit‐learning has been proposed to underlie the tic symptoms of Tourette syndrome (TS). However, accounts differ in terms of how habit‐learning is altered in TS, with some authors proposing habit formation is impaired due to a deficient ‘chunking’ mechanism, and others proposing habit‐learning is overactive and tics reflect hyperlearned behaviours. Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) frequently co‐occurs with TS and is known to affect cognitive function in young people with co‐occurring TS and ADHD (TS + ADHD). It is unclear, however, how co‐occurring ADHD symptoms affect habit‐learning in TS. In this study, we investigated whether young people with TS would show deficient or hyperactive habit‐learning, and assessed the effects of co‐occurring ADHD symptoms on habit‐learning in TS. Participants aged 9–17 years with TS (n = 18), TS + ADHD (n = 17), ADHD (n = 13), and typical development (n = 20) completed a motor sequence learning task to assess habit‐learning. We used a 2 (TS‐yes, TS‐no) × 2 (ADHD‐yes, ADHD‐no) factorial analysis to test the effects of TS, ADHD, and their interaction on accuracy and reaction time indices of sequence learning. TS was associated with intact sequence learning, but a tendency for difficulty transitioning from sequenced to non‐sequenced performance was suggestive of hyper‐learning. ADHD was associated with significantly poorer accuracy during acquisition of the sequence, indicative of impaired habit‐learning. There were no interactions between the TS and ADHD factors, indicating young people with TS + ADHD showed both TS‐ and ADHD‐related atypicalities in habit‐learning.
Paternity Leave and the Motherhood Penalty: New Causal Evidence
Authors: Andersen Signe Hald 
Published: July 2018

Objective: The objective of this study was to test how a father's paternity leave affects the within‐household gender wage gap among heterosexual couples.Background: Previous studies focus on the actual number of days of leave the father takes, but if an important driver of the gender wage gap is the effect of parental leave on gender‐specific household specialization, absolute variations in the father's leave should not be the key interest. Instead, this article tests the effect of the extent of the father's leave relative to that of the mother's leave because it is this variation that plausibly affects the division of household labor and through this the within‐household gender wage gap.Method: Full sample, administrative data are from Statistics Denmark. Causal inference was facilitated by exploiting 5 Danish parental leave reforms on 5 separate samples of all households who become first‐time parents within the year before and after each reform (N1 = 2,304; N2 = 45,683; N3 = 16,668; N4 = 42,328; N5 = 38,978).Results: Father's leave reduces the within‐household gender wage gap through increasing mother's wages. Father's leave furthermore causes an increase in total household wage incomes.Conclusion: Father's stronger involvement in the household may be one route to more gender equality, but more so to increased financial well‐being among families.
Is masticatory performance affected after a unilateral condylar fracture? A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Rozeboom Antoinette , Speksnijder Caroline , Dubois Leander , Lobbezoo Frank , Koutris Michail , de Lange Jan 
Published: July 2018

SummaryBackgroundMandibular fractures, especially condylar fractures, are one of the most common facial fractures. Trauma to this region could possibly compromise masticatory performance, which is a vital function for humans.ObjectiveTo objectively determine masticatory performance (Mixing Ability Test; MAT) in patients treated for a unilateral condylar fracture, thereby comparing patients in open and closed treatment groups, and assessing whether there is a positive relationship between this performance and subjective mandibular function (Mandibular Functional Impairment Questionnaire; MFIQ).MethodsFifty‐eight patients were enrolled in a cross‐sectional study and examined on an additional appointment at least 1 year after trauma, during which the patients performed the MAT and completed the MFIQ. The Spearman test was used to assess the correlation between the Mixing Ability Index (MAI) and the MFIQ score. A linear regression was used to explore the effects of different factors on the MAI.ResultsThe correlation between objective masticatory performance and the subjective mandibular function was positive (r = 0.250; P = 0.033). Better masticatory performance was observed in patients who were male, received physiotherapy, had no other mandibular fractures and/or had satisfactory self‐perceived occlusion. No significant difference in the MAI was found between the open and closed treatment groups.ConclusionIndependent of the chosen treatment, at least 1 year after treatment, individuals who experienced a unilateral fracture of the mandibular condyle exhibit masticatory capacity comparable with that of individuals who have not suffered such injuries.
Biopharmaceutical considerations in paediatrics with a view to the evaluation of orally administered drug products – a PEARRL review
Authors: Guimarães Mariana , Statelova Marina , Holm René , Reppas Christos , Symilllides Moira , Vertzoni Maria , Fotaki Nikoletta 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Objectives
In this review, the current biopharmaceutical approaches for evaluation of oral formulation performance in paediatrics are discussed.

Key findings
The paediatric gastrointestinal (GI) tract undergoes numerous morphological and physiological changes throughout its development and growth. Some physiological parameters are yet to be investigated, limiting the use of the existing in vitro biopharmaceutical tools to predict the in vivo performance of paediatric formulations. Meals and frequencies of their administration evolve during childhood and affect oral drug absorption. Furthermore, the establishment of a paediatric Biopharmaceutics Classification System (pBCS), based on the adult Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS), requires criteria adjustments. The usefulness of computational simulation and modeling for extrapolation of adult data to paediatrics has been confirmed as a tool for predicting drug formulation performance. Despite the great number of successful physiologically based pharmacokinetic models to simulate drug disposition, the simulation of drug absorption from the GI tract is a complicating issue in paediatric populations.

Summary
The biopharmaceutics tools for investigation of oral drug absorption in paediatrics need further development, refinement and validation. A combination of in vitro and in silico methods could compensate for the uncertainties accompanying each method on its own.
Central obesity indicating a higher prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms: A case‐control matching analysis from a Chinese cross‐sectional study in males
Authors: Xie Lianguang , Chen Yang , Tan Aihua , Gao Yong , Yang Xiaobo , Mo Zengnan , Zhang Haiying 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore the association between central obesity and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) among men in southern China, and test the hypothesis that central obesity measured by the waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR) is a predictor of the severity of LUTS.MethodsIn all, 4303 men from the Fangchenggang Area Male Healthy and Examination Survey (FAMHES) were included in this study. LUTS were assessed by the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), whereas central obesity was evaluated by the WHR. The association between WHR and LUTS was tested using logistic and Cox regression analyses.ResultsAfter screening, 2917 participants were in the study. Univariate analysis indicated significant differences in WHR in the presence of LUTS (P = .012). After stratification by age, logistic regression indicated that LUTS were more frequent in 60‐year‐old men with a higher WHR (odds ratio [OR] 2.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.21–6.89) compared with participants <40 years old. Cox regression analysis after pairing of 252 LUTS cases and 252 control subjects from the 2917 eligible participants according to age (±5 years), indicated that central obesity (WHR ≥0.9) may be significantly associated with moderate or severe LUTS (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.16–3.26). The associations between central obesity and straining (OR 2.44, 95% CI 1.40–4.24) and weak stream (OR 2.37, 95% CI 1.27–4.45) were significant after multivariate adjustment.ConclusionsMales with central obesity are at increased risk of LUTS, and increased WHR is associated with worsened straining and weak stream. Further investigations are needed to confirm these associations.
Cytosolic malate and oxaloacetate activate S‐type anion channels in Arabidopsis guard cells
Authors: Wang Cun , Zhang Jingbo , Wu Juyou , Brodsky Dennis E. , Schroeder Julian I. 
Published: July 2018

Summary

Intracellular malate–starch interconversion plays an important role in stomatal movements. We investigated whether malate or oxaloacetate from the cytosolic membrane side regulate anion channels in the plasma membrane of Arabidopsis thaliana guard cells. Physiological concentrations of cytosolic malate have been reported in the range of 0.4–3 mM in leaf cells.

Guard cell patch clamp and two‐electrode oocyte voltage‐clamp experiments were pursued.

We show that a concentration of 1 mM cytosolic malate greatly activates S‐type anion channels in Arabidopsis thaliana guard cells. Interestingly, 1 mM cytosolic oxaloacetate also activates S‐type anion channels. Malate activation was abrogated at 10 mM malate and in SLAC1 anion channel mutant alleles. Interestingly, malate activation of S‐type anion currents was disrupted at below resting cytosolic‐free calcium concentrations ([Ca2+]cyt), suggesting a key role for basal [Ca2+]cyt signaling. Cytosolic malate was not able to directly activate or enhance SLAC1‐mediated anion currents in Xenopus oocytes, whereas in positive controls, cytosolic NaHCO3 enhanced SLAC1 activity, suggesting that malate may not directly modulate SLAC1. Cytosolic malate activation of S‐type anion currents was impaired in ost1 and in cpk5/6/11/23 quadruple mutant guard cells.

Together these findings show that these cytosolic organic anions function in guard cell ‘plasma membrane’ ion channel regulation.
Molluscum contagiosum arising in a melanocytic congenital nevus
Authors: Atzori Laura , Corbeddu Marialuisa , Mou Marzia , Pilloni Luca , Rongioletti Franco 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMolluscum contagiosum within a congenital melanocytic nevus has rarely been reported. We report a 6‐year‐old child with molluscum contagiosum infection arising within an intermediate melanocytic congenital nevus of the thigh, associated with itching and occasional bleeding. Dermoscopy lead to the correct diagnosis, but histologic confirmation with shave biopsy was performed to reassure the parents and allow mechanical removal of the lesions using curettage.
Multiplex qPCR for detection and quantification of Sphaerulina musiva in Populus stems
Authors: Abraham N. D. , Chitrampal P. , Keriö S. , LeBoldus J. M. 
Published: July 2018

Septoria canker is one of the major limiting factors in the use of hybrid poplar in agroforestry. The use of qPCR for quantification of fungal biomass in host tissue following infection can improve the speed and accuracy of both detection and phenotyping, potentially improving the management of this disease. This study reports the use of a multiplexed hydrolysis probe qPCR assay to detect and quantify the pathogen Sphaerulina musiva in artificially inoculated and naturally infected Populus trees. Species‐specific probes and primers were designed based on conserved gene sequences of S. musiva β‐tubulin and Populus spp. eukaryotic initiation factor IV (eIF4AII). Experiments were performed on greenhouse‐inoculated poplar stems at 1, 3 and 7 weeks post‐inoculation. The qPCR assay detected significant differences among clones and isolates in symptomless samples after 1 week. These differences were not apparent by visual phenotyping. The assay also detected differences among isolates, collected from a range of geographic locations, 3 weeks post‐inoculation. For naturally infected samples, the S. musiva detection rate ranged from 92% to 100%. The primers also proved robust for direct endpoint PCR‐based detection of S. musiva spores, with a minimum detection threshold of 10 spores. The primers proved to be sensitive and specific for S. musiva detection, making them a useful tool for diagnostics and comparisons among isolates and clones in the early stages of infection.
Enhanced identification of maternal hepatitis C virus infection using existing public health surveillance systems
Authors: Gowda Charitha , Kennedy Samuel , Glover Catherine , Prasad Mona R. , Wang Ling , Honegger Jonathan R. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is under‐recognized among US adults and children. Prenatal HCV screening may help close the diagnosis gap among women while also identifying at‐risk infants. Current surveillance efforts for maternal HCV rely primarily on birth certificate data. We sought a more accurate assessment of HCV prevalence among pregnant women in Ohio by combining existing public health surveillance data.MethodsVital Statistics (VS) birth certificate data and Ohio Disease Reporting System (ODRS) HCV case data, both available through the Ohio Department of Health, were linked to determine rates of past or present HCV infection among women giving birth from 2012 to 2015 in Ohio, overall and by county. Among women with available test results, the proportion with present HCV infection indicated by detectable viraemia during pregnancy was calculated.ResultsBirth certificate data identified 4695 deliveries to women with past/present HCV infection during the study period. Linkage to ODRS revealed an additional 1778 deliveries to women with past/present infection, including 355 with confirmed viraemia during pregnancy. The prevalence of past/present HCV among pregnant women in Ohio rose from 0.82% in 2012 to 1.54% in 2015.ConclusionsMaternal HCV infection is under‐recognized and increasing in prevalence. Current case identification processes are inadequate in pregnancy, even among women with prior positive HCV testing. Alternative approaches, including enhanced risk factor‐based screening or universal prenatal screening in high prevalence settings, are needed to improve rates of HCV recognition among reproductive‐aged women and newborns at risk of vertical transmission.
Using camels to teach probability and expected value
Authors: Lyford Alexander , Rahr Thomas , Chen Tina , Kovach Benjamin 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThere is much debate about the place of probability in an introductory statistics course. While students may or may not use probability distributions in their post‐collegiate lives, they will likely be faced with day‐to‐day decisions that require a probabilistic assessment of risk and reward. This paper describes an innovative way to teach students in an introductory statistics course how to reason about probability and expected value through the board game Camel Up. The in‐class activities described here can be scaled to fit the needs and abilities of the students in a wide range of introductory statistics courses at a variety of levels.
Inspiratory pre‐motor potentials during quiet breathing in ageing and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Nguyen David A. T. , Boswell‐Ruys Claire L. , McBain Rachel A. , Eckert Danny J. , Gandevia Simon C. , Butler Jane E. , Hudson Anna L. 
Published: July 2018

Key points
A cortical contribution to breathing, as indicated by a Bereitschaftspotential (BP) in averaged electroencephalographic signals, occurs in healthy individuals when external inspiratory loads are applied.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a condition where changes in the lung, chest wall and respiratory muscles produce an internal inspiratory load. These changes also occur in normal ageing, although to a lesser extent.
In the present study, we determined whether BPs are present during quiet breathing and breathing with an external inspiratory load in COPD compared to age‐matched and young healthy controls.
We demonstrated that increased age, rather than COPD, is associated with a cortical contribution to quiet breathing.
A cortical contribution to inspiratory loading is associated with more severe dyspnoea (i.e. the sensation of breathlessness).
We propose that cortical mechanisms may be engaged to defend ventilation in ageing with dyspnoea as a consequence.
AbstractA cortical contribution to breathing is determined by the presence of a Bereitschaftspotential, a low amplitude negativity in the averaged electroencephalographic (EEG) signal, which begins ∼1 s before inspiration. It occurs in healthy individuals when external inspiratory loads to breathing are applied. In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), changes in the lung, chest wall and respiratory muscles produce an internal inspiratory load. We hypothesized that there would be a cortical contribution to quiet breathing in COPD and that a cortical contribution to breathing with an inspiratory load would be linked to dyspnoea, a major symptom of COPD. EEG activity was analysed in 14 participants with COPD (aged 57–84 years), 16 healthy age‐matched (57–87 years) and 15 young (18–26 years) controls during quiet breathing and inspiratory loading. The presence of Bereitschaftspotentials, from ensemble averages of EEG epochs at Cz and FCz, were assessed by blinded assessors. Dyspnoea was rated using the Borg scale. The incidence of a cortical contribution to quiet breathing was significantly greater in participants with COPD (6/14) compared to the young (0/15) (P = 0.004) but not the age‐matched controls (6/16) (P = 0.765). A cortical contribution to inspiratory loading was associated with higher Borg ratings (P = 0.007), with no effect of group (P = 0.242). The data show that increased age, rather than COPD, is associated with a cortical contribution to quiet breathing. A cortical contribution to inspiratory loading is associated with more severe dyspnoea. We propose that cortical mechanisms may be engaged to defend ventilation with dyspnoea as a consequence.
Complete Genome Sequences of Zika Virus Strains Used for the Formulation of CBER/FDA RNA Reference Reagents and Lot Release Panels for Nucleic Acid Technology Testing
Authors: Volkova Evgeniya , Grinev Andriyan , Fares-Gusmao Rafaelle , Chancey Caren , Rios Maria 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT
We report here the complete genome sequences of two Zika virus strains (FSS13025 and PRVABC59) used for formulation of CBER/FDA RNA reference reagents and lot release panels for use with nucleic acid technology (NAT) testing.
Fusobacterium
Genomics Using MinION and Illumina Sequencing Enables Genome Completion and Correction
Authors: Todd S. Michelle , Settlage Robert E. , Lahmers Kevin K. , Slade Daniel J. 
Published: July 2018

Fusobacterium
spp. are Gram-negative, oral bacteria that are increasingly associated with human pathologies as diverse as periodontitis, preterm birth, and colorectal cancer. While a recent surge in
F. nucleatum
research has increased our understanding of this human pathogen, a lack of complete genomes has hindered the identification and characterization of associated host-pathogen virulence factors. Here we report the first eight complete
Fusobacterium
genomes sequenced using an Oxford Nanopore MinION and Illumina sequencing pipeline and assembled using the open-source program Unicycler. These genomes are highly accurate, and seven of the genomes represent the first complete sequences for each strain. In summary, the FusoPortal resource provides a publicly available resource that will guide future genetic, bioinformatic, and biochemical experiments to characterize this genus of emerging human pathogens.
Musculoskeletal pain and its association with maturity and sports performance in 14-year-old sport school students
Authors: Malmborg Julia S , Olsson M Charlotte , Bergman Stefan , Bremander Ann 
Published: July 2018

ObjectivesIn youth sports, musculoskeletal pain is often studied from the standpoint of sports injuries, but little is known about pain conditions in which athletes still participate. The aim was to study the frequency of pain and associations with maturity offset, health status and sports performance in 14-year-old sport school students.MethodsCross-sectional design. One hundred and seventy-eight students (108 boys and 70 girls) completed anthropometric measures for maturity offset (height, weight and sitting height), questionnaires (pain mannequin and EQ-5D for health status) and sports performance tests (sprint, agility, counter-movement jump and grip strength). Differences between groups were analysed with Student’s t-test and analysis of covariance.ResultsThirty-one students (18.6%) reported infrequent pain, 85 (50.9%) frequent pain and 51 (30.5%) constant pain. Students in the constant pain group had worse health status than those in the infrequent pain group. Boys with constant pain (n=27) had a lower mean maturity offset (–0.38 vs 0.07 years; p=0.03) than boys with infrequent pain (n=22), and pain was associated with worse sports performance. There was no difference in maturity or sports performance between girls with constant pain (n=24) and girls with infrequent pain (n=9).ConclusionMusculoskeletal pain is common in sport school students and coincides with worse health status and with a younger biological age in boys. The high prevalence of pain should be acknowledged by coaches and student healthcare workers in order to promote a healthy and sustainable development in young athletes.
The 72Pro Variant of the Tumor Protein 53 Is Associated with an Increased Breast Cancer Risk in the Moroccan Population
Authors: Ayoubi Salah Eddine , Elkarroumi Mohamed , El Khachibi Meryam , Hassani Idrissi Hind , Ayoubi Hasnaa , Ennachit Simohamed , Arazzakou Mounia , Nadifi Sellama 
Published: July 2018

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The purpose of our case control study is to explore the potential association of tumor protein 53 (TP53) c.215G&gt;C, p. (Arg72Pro) polymorphism (rs1042522) with the risk of breast cancer (BC) development in the Moroccan population. <b><i>Methods and Results:</i></b> The study population consisted of 125 female patients with confirmed BC and 126 healthy controls. DNA samples were genotyped by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism assay method using BstUI restriction enzyme. We showed that the homozygous genotype of TP53 72Pro variant was significantly associated with increased BC risk (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.07–4.54, <i>p</i> = 0.03). The dominant and additive models of TP53 Pro allele were also correlated to the risk of BC (OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.07–4.23, <i>p</i> = 0.02 and OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.03–2.16, <i>p</i> = 0.03, respectively). Furthermore, the TP53 Arg72 variant was associated with protection against BC, either in the homozygous genotype, the dominant or the additive models (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.22–0.93, <i>p</i> = 0.03; OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.23–0.92, <i>p</i> = 0.029 and OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.46–0.97, <i>p</i> = 0.03, respectively). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Our results suggest that TP53 c.215G&gt;C, p. (Arg72Pro) polymorphism may be considered as a genetic marker for predisposition to BC in Moroccan population.