bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of axitinib on inflammation in experimental corneal neovascularization model in rats
Authors: CANACANKATAN Necmiye , DİNÇ Erdem , KİBAR Deniz , YALAZA Cem , ANTMEN Şerife Efsun , GÜRLER Hacer Merve , COŞKUN YILMAZ Banu , TAŞDELEN Bahar 
Published: September 2018

Purpose: This study investigated the anti-inflammatory efficacy of topical application of a selective tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor (TKI), Axitinib in experimental corneal neovascularization (CNV) model in rats. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1), VEGFR2 and VEGFR3 were evaluated as angiogenic markers, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) were determined as inflammatory markers and also histopathological evaluations were carried out. Materials and Methods: Experimental CNV model was established by silver nitrate cauterization in right eye. 6 groups were included as Control; CNV; CNV+DMSO; CNV+0.04% Axitinib; CNV+0.08% Axitinib and CNV+0.24% Axitinib. The corneas were collected and VEGFR1, VEGFR2, VEGFR3, NF-κB, TNFα and COX2 were measured by ELISA. Results: Axitinib, significantly reduced corneal VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 compared to CNV. The most efficiency of Axitinib treatment was confirmed on VEGFR2 and especially with 0.04% dose. Increased NF-κB and TNFα level were reduced by 0.04% Axitinib treatment compared to CNV and CNV+DMSO. Conclusion: Axitinib may be suggested as a promising anti-inflammatory agent in CNV by suppressing corneal VEGFR1, VEGFR2, NF-κB and TNFα, beside improving the histological pattern.
Scientism and Post-Truth
Authors: Puca Angela 
Published: September 2018

The last decades have seen an increasing interest towards Shamanism in the Western world, both among scholars and those who practise shamanism. The academic interest has been mainly focussed on identifying the differences between forms of contemporary Shamanism in the West and traditional Shamanisms as experienced among indigenous peoples. A related aspect that needs further development in the field is the analysis of the philosophical underpinning that lies behind this relatively new religious tradition and its manifestations.
Initial findings, derived from data collected as part of a research project on autochthonous and trans-cultural Shamanism in Italy, suggest that there are two paradigms shaping the neo-shamanic experiential approach. I will start by clarifying the notion of paradigm as the founding basis of every reasoning process, cultural production and hence religious movement. Then, I will argue that the Scientistic and Post-truth paradigms represent two founding bases of Neo-shamanism and its scholarly recognised traits and will conclude by addressing the issue of a potential contradiction between the two will be addressed.
Computational concepts reflected on Scratch programs
Authors: Kwon Kyungbin , Lee Sang Joon , Chung Jaehwa 
Published: September 2018

Evaluating the quality of studentsâ€™ programs is necessary for better teaching and learning.Â Although many innovative learning environments for computer science have been introduced, the scarcity of program evaluation frames and tools is a demanding issue in the teaching practice.Â This study examined the quality of studentsâ€™ Scratch programs by utilizing Dr. Scratch and by analyzing codes based on four computational concepts: conditions, loops, abstractions, and variables.Â Twenty-three Scratch programs from two classes were examined.Â Dr. Scratch results revealed that Scratch programs demonstrated a middle level of competency in computational thinking.Â The analysis of computational concepts suggested that students had a sufficient understanding of the main concepts and demonstrated computing competency by applying the concepts into their programs.Â The study also discussed inefficient programming habits, instructional issues utilizing Scratch, and the importance of problem decomposition skills.
ANALISIS TINGKAT KESEHATAN BANK PERKREDITAN RAKYAT (BPR) DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN CAMEL PERIODE 2014 – 2015: STUDI KASUS PADA BPR PP
Authors: Rosdiana Mega 
Published: September 2018

The purpose of this research is to analyze out risk base bank rating by using CAMELS method over a period of years 2014-2016, are included in the category of healthy, healthy enough , lesshealthy or unhealthy. CAMEL have five aspects, namely the aspect of capital using the ratio of CAR (Capital Adequacy Ratio), aspects of the quality of earning assets using the ratio of KAP (Quality of Earning Assets), aspects of management using the calculations of general management and risk management, aspects of profitability using the ratio of ROA (Return On Assets), and aspects of liquidity using LDR (Loan To Deposit Ratio). This research is quantitative descriptive. The analysis tool to test the hypothesis is the discriminant analysis. The result of this paper are CAR have significant with risk base bank rating
ANALISIS PENGARUH PROPORSI KOMISARIS INDEPENDEN, KEPEMILIKAN MANAJERIAL, DAN KUALITAS AUDITOR EKSTERNAL TERHADAP PENGUNGKAPAN INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Hartrianto Andhikanandono , Sjarief Julianti 
Published: September 2018

This research aims to analyze the influence of proportion of independent commissioners, managerial ownership, and the quality of the external auditors against disclosure of intellectual capital. Testing was done with descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression analysis to examine the relationship between the independent variable to the dependent variable on 35 industrial consumer goods manufacturing company listed on the Indonesia stock exchange from 2012 until 2014. Measurement of intellectual capital disclosure uses the 25 items disclosure scoring method belonging to Gan, et al.
The results in this study showed that the proportion of independent commissioners and external auditor quality has an impact on disclosure of intellectual capital and its influence is positive. Meanwhile, managerial ownership has effect on disclosure of intellectual capital and its influence is negative.
LEVANTAMENTO DE ESPÉCIES FORRAGEIRAS, DANINHAS, MEDICINAIS E TÓXICAS DO HERBÁRIO CNPO
Authors: Mazzocato Ana Cristina , Dewes Ingrid Shaianne Lopes , Garcia Juliana Furtado , Leite Leandro Gonçalves , Artico Leonardo Luís 
Published: September 2018

O Herbário CNPO está localizado na Embrapa Pecuária Sul, no município de Bagé. Foi criado em 1978 e atualmente possui uma coleção de aproximadamente 4.600 espécies, onde predominam as famílias Poaceae e Fabaceae. O município de Bagé está localizado na Região Sudoeste do Rio Grande do Sul e inserido no Bioma Pampa, com temperaturas médias de 18ºC, solos férteis e uma grandiosa extensão de campos naturais. Os dados das exsicatas foram transferidos para planilhas excel e padronizados para a linguagem Darwin Core, sendo enviados à publicação por meio do IPT (Integrated Publishing Toolkit) no Sistema de Informação da Biodiversidade Brasileira (SiBBr). As mudas e sementes coletadas para o Banco Ativo de Germoplasma (BAG) de Forrageiras do Sul do Brasil foram registradas no sistema ALELO, utilizado pela Rede Nacional de Recursos Genéticos Vegetais. Para o real conhecimento do acervo, o objetivo do trabalho foi realizar um levantamento para a obtenção de informações e do número de espécies forrageiras, daninhas, medicinais, entre outras, depositadas no Herbário CNPO, incrementando as informações para a realização de futuras coletas direcionadas ao BAG. Objetivou-se também o aprimoramento do processo de informatização do Herbário CNPO. Com relação ao levantamento, foram contabilizados 1191 espécimes de Poaceae e 447 de Fabaceae. Foram encontrados muitos exemplares pertencentes à categoria de plantas daninhas. Das 27 famílias revisadas, duas apresentaram espécies forrageiras: Fabaceae e Poaceae, totalizando 130 diferentes espécies. A família que mais apresentou plantas forrageiras foi Fabaceae (75 espécies). Na família Poaceae também houve um número significativo de espécies (55). Conclui-se, portanto, que novas coletas são necessárias para o aumento da variabilidade genética, ressaltando a importante conexão do Herbário e do BAG. E também, novos levantamentos deverão ser realizados para explorar o potencial do Herbário CNPO.
CAPIM TIFTON 85 SUBMETIDO A DIFERENTES DOSAGENS DE NITROGÊNIO E IDADES DE REBROTA
Authors: Nunes Luma Rayane de Lima , NUNES Aline Mara Chaves 
Published: September 2018

O referido experimento foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos de diferentes concentrações de nitrogênio na produção de forragem de capim-tifton 85. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, em esquema de parcela subdividida, avaliando três dosagens de nitrogênio (100, 150 e 200 Kg.ha.corte-1 de N) e seis idades de rebrota (21, 24, 27, 30, 33 e 36 dias), com dez repetições. Foram analisadas: altura do dossel, massa fresca, massa seca e teor de proteína bruta. Os resultados foram submetidos a análise de comparação de média e de regressão. Para todas as variáveis foram observadas diferenças quanto a idade de rebrota. Para MF, 100 e 150 kg.ha-1 produziram em média 12,8 e 14 t.ha-1, enquanto a aplicação de 200 kg.ha-1 proporcionou uma produção de 18,6 t.ha-1. A produtividade de MS também foi influenciado pela disponibilidade de N, atingindo valores de 10,2; 10,4 e 13,19 t.ha-1 para 100, 150 e 200 kg.ha-1. Houve aumento nos teores de proteína bruta, a concentração de 200 kg.ha-1 de N proporcionou o maior valor (14,34%), opondo-se a 9,99 e 10,32% para 100 e 150 kg.ha-1. Recomenda-se a aplicação de 200 kg.ha-1 e realizar o corte aos 27 dias após a rebrota.
Association of Serum LDL Cholesterol Level with Periodontitis among Patients Visiting a Tertiary-care Hospital
Authors: Sharma S , Lamsal M , Sharma SK , Niraula SR , Koirala B 
Published: September 2018

Introduction: High low-density lipoproteins (LDL) cholesterol is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease. In recent years, some evidence has been presented that periodontitis,an infectious inflammatory condition of the periodontium, is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. To further elucidate this association, we have studied the levels of LDL cholesterol, a known risk marker for cardiovascular disease, in a periodontally-diseased group.
Methods: The levels of serum LDL cholesterol in 47 subjects with mild to severe (clinical attachment loss equal to or greater than 1 mm) chronic generalized (at least 30% of teeth affected) periodontitis with the mean age of 42.21 ± 1.46 years were measured and compared with those obtained from 42 age (39.83 ± 0.94) and sex matched controls. Both groups were free from systemic illnesses.
Results: The mean serum LDL cholesterol in periodontitis patients was found to be signifi cantly higher (P < 0.001) as compared to that of the controls. The mean clinical attachment loss was positively correlated with serum LDL cholesterol (P < 0.01) and gingival index (P<0.05). The frequency of persons with pathologic values of LDL cholesterol was signifi cantly higher in periodontitis patients compared with that of the controls.
Conclusions: These results showed that high serum LDL cholesterol may be associated with periodontitis in healthy people. However, it is unclear whether periodontitis causes an increase in the levels of serum LDL or an increased LDL is a risk factor for both periodontitis and cardiovascular disease.
Keywords: Cardiovascular disease, LDL cholesterol, periodontitis.
Peritonitis in Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Sharma S K , Chaurasia R K , Sijapati MJ , Thapa L , Ghimire M , Shrestha H , Acharya A , Khanal B 
Published: September 2018

INTRODUCTION:
Access to hemodialysis is limited in Nepal due to geographical terrain and hemodialysis centers being mostly limited to major city. Therefore, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis is likely to be a better option in Nepal. In 1998, CAPD was initiated in Nepal without success. High rate of peritonitis was cited for failure. Hot tropical climate and poor sense of hygiene among patients was thought to be responsible for the high rate of peritonitis. A new CPD program was started in 2002 in our institute. We reviewed the incidence of peritonitis and factors predisposing.
METHODS:
All chronic renal failure patients on CAPD since 2002 to 2007 were included in the study. They were followed up for complications and treatment outcome. Patients complicated with peritonitis (N=19) and patients without peritonitis (N=31) were compared.
RESULTS:
A total of 50 patients were enrolled and mean duration of dialysis was 12 month per patients (Total patients month=600). Twenty six episodes of peritonitis in 19 patients were recorded during this period. Fourteen episode of peritonitis were culture positive. Culture sterile peritonitis was recorded in 12 episodes. Low serum albumin was predisposing factors for peritonitis and peritonitis rate was higher in end stage disease related due to diabetes mellitus.
CONCLUSION:
Peritonitis rate was comparable in our new program. Thus peritonitis is not a limiting factor for growth of CAPD in Nepal. Hypoalbuminemic and diabetic patients are prone for CAPD related peritonitis.
KEYWORDS: continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, Peritonitis, Peritonitis rate.
Information Leaflet as an Adjunct to Verbal Counsellingin Obtaining Informed Consent
Authors: Gangol R , Maharjan D 
Published: September 2018

INTRODUCTION:
This study evaluates if addition of information leaflet after the usual verbal counseling improves the level of understanding of patients undergoing surgery about their disease, the need for surgery and its complications.
METHODS:
It is a prospective observational case control study in which the control group receives verbal counseling only and the study group is given an information leaflet in addition to the verbal counseling after random allocation. An interviewer (surgical resident) interviews both the group using a set questionnaire. The answers are scored and added to give total marks.
RESULTS:
There were total 114 patients undergoing gall bladder surgery with 59 in the study group and 55 in the control group. The level of understanding was good or satisfactory in 18.2 % in the control group compared to 76.3% in the study group (P < 0.000). This statistically significant improvement was seen even among illiterate group when analyzed separately.
CONCLUSIONS:
Addition of information leaflet significantly improves the patients understanding of their disease irrespective of their education status.
KEYWORDS: education level, informatino leaflet, informed consent, understanding.
Glycemic Status, Lipid Profile and Proteinuria in Diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Jha P , Das BKL , Shrestha S , Majhi S , Chandra L , Sharma S , Baral N 
Published: September 2018

INTRODUCTION:
Diabetic nephropathy is one of the major complications of Diabetes Mellitus characterized by persistent albuminuria, elevated arterial blood pressure, a relentless decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and a high risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
METHODS:
In this study, urinary micro-albumin estimation was done in 177 diabetic patients. This study aims to ascertain association of glycemicstatus, lipid profile and proteinuria in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with nephropathy.
RESULTS:
Among 177 patients, 26 had frank proteinuria, 79 had micro-albuminuria and 72 were without proteinuria. Increased frequency ofproteinuria was seen in male than female. Micro-albuminuria and frank proteinuria was seen more in older age group. The multiple comparisons showed the significantly increased levels of urea, creatinine, fasting blood glucose in micro-albuminuria and overt proteinuria patients in comparison to without proteinuria. Glycated hemoglobin level was increased with the increasing age group particularly in overt proteinuric patients.
CONCLUSIONS:
The glycemic control, monitoring of lipid profile and early urinary protein estimation with better management may delay diabetic nephropathy or its further complications in diabetes mellitus.
KEYWORDS: diabetes mellitus, diabetic nephropathy, frank proteinuria, glycated hemoglobin, micro-albuminuria.
Pattern of Breast Cancer in a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Jha A K , H P K , Jha J , Banthia P , Thakali K , Basnet B K 
Published: September 2018

INTRODUCTION:

Breast Cancer is the second commonest cause of cancer death in women. Almost all women survive breast cancer if it is detected before it starts to spread. The aim of the study is to analyze the demographical profile, stage of presentation, histological type, and treatment modalities of breast cancer in a tertiary care setting.
METHODS:
Total 1141 cases of breast cancer had been followed retrospectively from 1999 to 2006 A.D. in a tertiary care center and their patterns were analyzed.
RESULTS:
The mean age of presentation of breast cancer was 47.30 +/- 11.57 years in female and 59.03 +/- 14.63 in male, 31 (2.1%) cases of breast cancer were male. There were 123 (10.78%) stage I, 281 (24.62%) stage II, 466 (40.84%) stage III, and 271 (23.75%) stage IV patients. Infiltrating ductal carcinoma was the commonest variety 610 (53.5%). Chemotherapy was the mainstay for treatment of breast cancer 341 (29.9%) followed by surgery 287 (25.2%).
CONCLUSIONS:
Breast cancer trend is rising with more in late and advanced stages, mostly due to lack of awareness. Infiltrating ductal carcinoma is the commonest variety. Chemotherapy is the most commonly used modality of treatment. Male breast cancer present late and is not so uncommon.
Keywords: breast cancer; chemotherapy; infiltrating ductal carcinoma; staging.
Safety and Efficacy of Misoprostol and Dinoprostone as Cervical Ripening Agents
Authors: Shakya R , Shrestha J , Thapa P 
Published: September 2018

INTRODUCTION:
The study compares safety and efficacy of misoprostol and dinoprostone as cervical ripening agents.
METHODS:
Patients with term, vertex, singleton pregnancy and Bishop score of 4 or less were randomly assigned to receive misoprostol pessary (n=35, 50 microg intravaginally) or dinoprostone gel (n=31, 0.5 mg intracervically) at 6 hourly intervals. If there were no progress in cervical dilatation or effective uterine contraction even after maximum dose, patients were taken for cesarean section. Patients who achieved Bishop's score more than 7 but the delivery was not progressing, were augmented with oxytocin drip.
RESULTS:
No uterine hyperstimulation was observed in both groups. However, abnormal fetal heart rate was observed in 3(8.6%) cases inmisoprostol group and 2 (6.5%) in dinoprostone group. There was no statistically significant difference in meconium passage in two groups. Apgar score less than 7 at 1 minute was seen in 6 (19.4%) and 11 (31.4%) neonates in dinoprostone and misoprostol group respectively. However Apgar score less than 7 at 5 minutes was found in only one neonate of dinoprostone treated patient. Both drugs were found to be equally effective in improving Bishops score with no significant difference in mean induction to delivery time. Cesarean section was done among 32.3% and 28.6% respectively in dinoprostone and misoprostol groups. There was significant reduction in the need for oxytocin augmentation in misoprostol (37.1%) group than in dinoprostone (67.7%) group.
CONCLUSIONS:
Vaginal misoprostol is an effective, safer and cheaper alternative to dinoprostone as a cervical ripening agent in underdeveloped countries.
Keywords: Apgar score, Bishops score, cervical ripening, Dinoprostone, induction, Misoprostol
Outcome of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy
Authors: Shrestha B , Baidya J L 
Published: September 2018

NTRODUCTION:
Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy is an effective noninvasive method to treat urolithiasis. This study aims to evaluate itsoutcome and determine appropriate management strategies for urolithiasis.
METHODS:
It was a prospective study which included one hundred patients who underwent ESWL for the management of solitary urolithiasis during a period of eight months (December 2007-August 2008). Status of stone and complications were observed and managed accordingly within a period of six postoperative weeks.
RESULTS:
Out of 100 patients, 93% had complete clearance of stone by the end of six postoperative weeks. Seven percent of the patients required adjunct invasive intervention including open surgery in 3%. Number of sessions of ESWL was found to increase as the size of stone increased. However, in three patients stones were completely refractory to ESWL even after two consecutive sessions.
CONCLUSIONS:
ESWL is highly effective noninvasive modality in the management of urolithiasis in appropriately selected patients.
Keywords: double J stent, extracorporal shockwave lithotripsy, steinstrasse, ultrasonography, ureterorenoscopy.
Clinical and Morphological Spectrum of Hydatid disease – A 14 years hospital based study
Authors: Ghartimagar Dilasma , Ghosh Arnab , Shrestha Manish Kiran , Talwar O P , Sathian Brijesh 
Published: September 2018

Background and objective Hydatid disease is endemic in sheep and cattle-raising areas world wide. Its prevalence is high in Nepal. The study was carried out to determine the clinical, radiological and pathological presentations of hydatid disease.Method This was a retrospective study of all hydatid disease cases reported in Department of Pathology, from August 1996 to July 2010. All the clinical, radiological and pathological data were collected and collated.Result A total of 51 cases of hydatidosis were studied. Patients presented with related symptoms in 47 cases, 92.16% with CI (84.78,99.54) and asymptomatic in 4 cases, 7.84% with CI (0.46, 15.22). Involvement of liver and lung was found in 35 cases (68.63%) and 10 cases (19.61%) respectively. Involvement of other organs like kidney, pelvis and broad ligament were seen in 6 of the cases. 29 cases, 56.86% with CI ( 43.2, 70.46) had solitary cyst while rest of the cases had multiloculated cyst. All cases had radiological correlation and histopathological confirmation. Conclusion Most cases presented with organ related vague symptoms, however it should be considered as a differential diagnosis especially in asymptomatic cases and cases with unusual sites. Imaging studies is useful in preoperative diagnosis and postoperative histopathology is confirmatory. A multi centric hospital based study will help to decrease the incidience.
Intracranial Aneurysm with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Treated by Endovascular Intervention
Authors: Shrestha P , Sakamoto S , Shibukawa M , Kiura Y , Okazaki T , Kurisu K 
Published: September 2018

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic disease with multiple pathologies that can affect every organ system of the body including central nervous system. Intracerebral aneurysms and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are one of comparatively rarer manifestations of central nervous system SLE. Here we present a case of known SLE complicated by the rupture of intra cerebral aneurysm at basilar artery tip which was successfully treated with endovascular coiling.
Keywords: cerebral aneurysm, endovascular surgery, SAH, SLE