bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depression, quality of life, activities of daily living, and subjective memory after deep brain stimulation in Parkinson disease—A reliable change index analysis
Authors: Pusswald Gisela , Wiesbauer Patrick , Pirker Walter , Novak Klaus , Foki Thomas , Lehrner Johann 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesIn the field of Parkinson disease (PD) research, many studies have shown that deep brain stimulation (DBS) can soften side effects, which arise during long‐term medical therapy. This study focuses on the changes in depressive symptoms, quality of life (with the subdivisions physical and mental health), activities of daily living, and subjective memory functioning in PD patients testing the baseline and the outcome 1 year after DBS.MethodsFor the first time, the reliable change index (RCI) methodology was applied to compare PD‐DBS patients (n = 22) with best medically treated PD patients (PD‐BMT; n = 28), subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 43) and healthy controls (n = 25) in the above‐mentioned domains. The used questionnaires included the revised Beck Depression Inventory (BDI‐II), the Short Form (36) Health Survey (SF‐36), the Bayer Activities of Daily Living Scale (B‐ADL), and the Forgetfulness Assessment Inventory (FAI).ResultsThe reliable change indices show high constant or improved results of the PD‐DBS patients in the domains subjective memory (85.7%‐100.0%), activities of daily living (60.0%‐90.0%), physical health summary (77.8%), depressive symptoms (61.9%), and mental health summary (50.0%) in comparison with the PD‐BMT, MCI, and control group.ConclusionsDBS is an established alternative to best medical treatment of PD. The comparisons between the PD‐DBS and PD‐BMT groups do suggest that the domains mental health, depressive symptoms, and physical health benefit most, while the domains activities of daily living and subjective memory functioning are rather constant. Nevertheless, further research is needed to identify mechanisms and predictors that lead to improvement in individual cases.
Status of evidence‐based chronic diseases prevention implementation in Shanghai, China: A qualitative study
Authors: Shi Jianwei , Shi Leiyu , Geng Jinsong , Liu Rui , Gong Xin , Bo Xiaojie , Chen Ning , Liu Qian , Yang Yan , Wang Zhaoxin 
Published: August 2019

SummaryBackgroundGiven the rapid increase in chronic disease epidemics in developing countries and the lagging research and practice in evidence‐based chronic diseases prevention (EBCDP), we evaluated the status of public health practitioners' implementation of EBCDP and its impeding factors in China, as well as made a comparison between China and the developed countries to encourage better utilisation of this new field of science in China.MethodsWe interviewed health practitioners and patients from various health institutions in China and conducted a literature review to assess the current status of EBCDP practice in developed countries and identify the contextual driving factors.ResultsChina is in its initial stage of EBCDP practice, as it lacks evidence‐based interventions. Moreover, health practitioners' awareness of EBCDP is inadequate. The lack of policy support, especially funding, has restricted the efficiency and quality of EBCDP in terms of its adoption, implementation, and maintenance. Currently, EBCDP practice is limited to the practitioners' spontaneous behaviours. The literature review showed that developed countries practising EBCDP did well in evidence development and awareness; however, much has yet to be explored regarding practitioners' adoption and implementation and the maintenance of evidence‐based practice. The impeding factors in developed countries were related to individual (patients and physicians) and organisational factors (such as resources, leaders, and climate).ConclusionTo promote EBCDP practice in China, more evidence for effective chronic disease prevention programmes is needed, and multiple and flexible measures should be implemented for a successful transition to evidence‐based practice.
Risk factors for diabetic nephropathy complications in community patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Shanghai: Logistic regression and classification tree model analysis
Authors: Lou Jieqiong , Jing Limei , Yang Hui , Qin Fei , Long Wen , Shi Rong 
Published: August 2019

SummaryBackgroundThe prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in China was 11.6% in 2010. Chronic complications are the main diabetes‐related cause of death and disability, accounting for more than 80% of the cost of diabetes treatment. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common microvascular complication and is the second leading cause of end‐stage renal failure in China.ObjectiveWe aimed to analyse the DN status among community‐based T2DM patients and to explore risk factors for T2DM with DN.MethodsThis study was conducted in six communities of Shanghai. We administered a questionnaire, physical examination, and biochemical tests to 5078 patients with T2DM. Logistic regression and the classification tree model were used to analyse risk factors for T2DM with DN.ResultsIn total, 1937 patients were diagnosed with DN (prevalence 38.4%). The logistic regression model indicated that course of disease more than 15 years, body mass index (BMI) greater than 24 kg/m2, haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) greater than 7.5%, fasting blood glucose (FBG) greater than 11.0 mmol/L, total cholesterol (TC), and high‐density lipoprotein (HDL)‐C control failure, hypertension, and diabetic retinopathy were risk factors for T2DM with DN (P < .05). The classification tree model identified seven risk factors (HbA1c, FBG, hypertension, postprandial blood glucose, BMI, triacylglycerol, and HDL), of which, HbA1c (cut‐off point 7.45%), hypertension, and FBG showed the strongest association.ConclusionThis suggests that screening for DN based on HbA1c, FBG, and hypertension should be more extensively promoted by the government on a community level, more attention should be focused on patients' health management, and that patients should be educated on self‐management.
N‐acetylcysteine alleviated paraquat‐induced mitochondrial fragmentation and autophagy in primary murine neural progenitor cells
Authors: Xiong Guiya , Zhao Lina , Yan Mengling , Wang Xinjin , Zhou Zhijun , Chang Xiuli 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe developing brain is uniquely vulnerable to toxic chemical exposures. Studies indicate that neural stem cell (NSC) self‐renewal is susceptible to oxidative stress caused by xenobiotics. However, the impact of antioxidants on NSC self‐renewal and the potential mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, primary murine neural progenitor cells (mNPCs) from the subventricular zone were used as a research model. In addition, paraquat (PQ) was used to elicit oxidative stress and N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) was used as a powerful antioxidant. mNPCs were treated with 80 μm PQ for 24 hours with or without 4 hours of NAC pretreatment. Our results showed that PQ treatment increased intracellular reactive oxygen species production, decreased cell viability and DNA synthesis, and promoted cell apoptosis. Meanwhile, pretreatment with NAC alleviated PQ‐induced cytotoxicity in mNPCs. To elucidate the mechanisms further, we found that NAC pretreatment prevented PQ‐induced reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial fragmentation and autophagy in mNPCs. NAC‐pretreated cells showed increased anti‐apoptotic protein Bcl‐2 and decreased pro‐apoptotic protein Bax expression. Similarly, NAC pretreatment increased p‐mTOR and decreased LC3B‐II protein expression. Moreover, NAC decreased mitophagy related mRNA Pink1 and Parkin expression. Taken together, our results suggested that the antioxidant NAC treatment significantly attenuated PQ‐induced mNPC self‐renewal disruption through decreasing autophagy and salvaging mitochondrial morphology. These findings revealed a potential mechanism for neurological treatment relating to antioxidant and suggested potentially relevant implications for PQ‐related neurodegenerative disorders. Thus, our study also provided insight into therapeutic strategies for the neurotoxic effects of oxidative stress‐associated toxicants.
Fast and sensitive delineation of brain tumor with clinically compatible moxifloxacin labeling and confocal microscopy
Authors: Lee Seunghun , Park Won Yeong , Chang Hoonchul , Kim Bumju , Jang Won Hyuk , Kim Seonghan , Shin Younghoon , Kim Myoung Joon , Lee Kyung Hwa , Kim Eui Hyun , Chung Euiheon , Kim Ki Hean 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDelineation of brain tumor margins during surgery is critical to maximize tumor removal while preserving normal brain tissue to obtain optimal clinical outcomes. Although various imaging methods have been developed, they have limitations to be used in clinical practice. We developed a high‐speed cellular imaging method by using clinically compatible moxifloxacin and confocal microscopy for sensitive brain tumor detection and delineation. Moxifloxacin is a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved antibiotic and was used as a cell labeling agent through topical administration. Its strong fluorescence at short visible excitation wavelengths allowed video‐rate cellular imaging. Moxifloxacin‐based confocal microscopy (MBCM) was characterized in normal mouse brain specimens and visualized their cytoarchitecture clearly. Then, MBCM was applied to both brain tumor murine models and two malignant human brain tumors of glioblastoma and metastatic cancer. MBCM detected tumors in all the specimens by visualizing dense and irregular cell distributions, and tumor margins were easily delineated based on the cytoarchitecture. An image analysis method was developed for automated detection and delineation. MBCM demonstrated sensitive delineation of brain tumors through cytoarchitecture visualization and would have potentials for human applications, such as a surgery‐guiding method for tumor removal.
Case series of sebelipase alfa hypersensitivity reactions and successful sebelipase alfa rapid desensitization
Authors: Huffaker Michelle F. , Liu Anne Y. , Enns Gregory M. , Vijay Suresh , Amor Antonio J. , Adkinson N. Franklin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAllergic immune‐mediated hypersensitivity reactions are known potential complications of enzyme replacement therapy. Sebelipase alfa, recombinant lysosomal acid lipase (LAL), is a potentially life‐altering treatment for patients with LAL deficiency. There is very little information on the diagnosis and management of immediate hypersensitivity reactions to this drug. Here we present three unique cases of hypersensitivity reactions to sebelipase alfa, spanning a broad age spectrum from infancy to adulthood, each managed with successful rapid desensitization.
Pilot Study Experiences With Hyperpolarized [1‐13C]pyruvate MRI in Pancreatic Cancer Patients
Authors: Stødkilde‐Jørgensen Hans , Laustsen Christoffer , Hansen Esben Søvsø Szocska , Schulte Rolf , Ardenkjaer‐Larsen Jan Henrik , Comment Arnaud , Frøkiær Jørgen , Ringgaard Steffen , Bertelsen Lotte Bonde , Ladekarl Morten , Weber Britta 
Published: August 2019

Level of Evidence: 5Technical Efficacy Stage: 1
GII.17 norovirus infections in outbreaks of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis in Osaka City, Japan during two decades
Authors: Iritani Nobuhiro , Yamamoto Seiji P. , Abe Niichiro , Kanbayashi Daiki , Kubo Hideyuki , Uema Masashi , Noda Mamoru , Kaida Atsushi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNorovirus (NoV) is a major cause of viral gastroenteritis, and GII.4 has been the predominant genotype worldwide since the mid‐1990s. During the 2014 to 2015 winter, a rare genotype, NoV GII.17, emerged and became prevalent mainly in East Asia. Over the past two decades, NoV molecular surveillance in Osaka City, Japan, has revealed that NoV GII.17 was detected for the first time in February 2001 and that NoV GII.17‐associated outbreaks remarkably increased during the 2014 to 2015 season, with higher incidence recorded in January to March 2015. Genetic analysis indicated that 28 GII.17 outbreak strains were closely related to the novel GII.P17‐GII.17 variants represented by the Kawasaki308/2015/JP strain, similar to that in other regions. Statistical analysis showed that NoV GII.17 infections were more common in adults than GII.3 and GII.4 infections, suggesting that the affected adults most likely did not have antibodies against NoV GII.17 and the novel GII.17 variant had recently appeared. Regarding transmission, food was one of the most important factors involved in the spread of NoV GII.17 among adults; 61% of GII.17 outbreaks were foodborne, with oysters being the most common vehicle. Interplay between pathogens, hosts, and environmental factors was considered to be important in the 2014 to 2015 NoV GII.17 epidemic.
Significance of RANTES‐CCR5 axis and linked downstream immunomodulation in Dengue pathogenesis: A study from Guwahati, India
Authors: Islam Mafidul , Kalita Trishna , Saikia Anjan K. , Begum Anjuma , Baruah Vargab , Singh Nidhi , Borkotoky Raktim , Bose Sujoy 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe aimed to evaluate the significance of the RANTES‐CCR5 axis and resulting immunomodulatory status in Dengue pathogenesis involving a Guwahati, India based population where Dengue cases have increased alarmingly. An increased CC‐chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) messenger RNA expression and CCR5 positive cell count profile was observed in Dengue cases, the highest being in severe cases. CCR5 ligand RANTES expression was significantly decreased in Dengue cases and inversely correlated with Dengue viremia fold change in severe cases. Monocytes are involved in Dengue virus homing and replication. Its levels and activation profile were higher in Dengue cases. A hyper Th1‐biased immunomodulatory profile with upregulated tumor necrosis factor‐α levels, and downregulated expression of antiviral cytokine interferon‐γ and key regulatory Th2 anti‐inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10 was observed in severe Dengue cases compared with mild Dengue cases and controls. The results, therefore, suggest the significance of RANTES‐CCR5 axis deregulation and resulting altered immunomodulation in Dengue pathogenesis, and holds prognostic and therapeutic significance.
Stability of pyrrolizidine alkaloids from Senecio vernalis in grass silage under different ensilage conditions
Authors: Klevenhusen Fenja , Pieper Robert , Winter Janine , Ronczka Stefan , Speer Karl 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis study evaluated the degradation of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) from eastern groundsel (Senecio vernalis) in grass silage prepared with different inoculants. Silages were produced from ryegrass with 230 g kg−1 dry matter (DM) content and mixed with eastern groundsel (9:1; w/w fresh matter basis) containing 5.5 g kg−1 DM PA. Treatments were: CON (untreated control), LP (3.0 × 105 cfu g−1 Lactobacillus plantarum DSMZ 8862/8866) or LBLC (7.3 × 104 cfu g−1 Lactobacillus buchneri LN40177 / Lactobacillus casei LC32909), and each of the treatments in combination with 30 g kg−1 molasses. Silages were prepared in glass jars and opened after 3, 10, and 90 days. Fermentation characteristics were determined and the PAs analyzed.ResultsAlthough the levels of fermentation acids differed between treatments, results indicated good quality of all silages during 90 days. Significant time (P < 0.001) and treatment (P < 0.001) effects were observed for PAs. Concentrations of senecionine and seneciphylline decreased with molasses, declined over time, and were negatively correlated with lactic, propionic, and butyric acid, or with lactic and butyric acid in case of seneciphylline. In all silages, seneciphylline and senecionine N‐oxides were undetectable after 3 days, whereas senkirkine, the most abundant PA, remained stable.ConclusionsSilage prepared from grass contaminated with eastern groundsel still contained high PA levels, and was hence a potential health hazard. Molasses supplementation reduced concentrations of senecionine and seneciphylline, while the bacterial inoculants had no effect. Other potentially toxic PA metabolites were not analyzed in the present study and further research is needed. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Outcome according to residual disease (surgeon's report vs pre‐chemotherapy imaging) in patients with bevacizumab‐treated ovarian cancer: Analysis of the ROSiA study
Authors: Korach Jacob , Colombo Nicoletta , Mendiola Cesar , Selle Frédéric , Dolado Ignacio , Donica Margarita , Oza Amit M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe single‐arm ROSiA study evaluated frontline bevacizumab for advanced ovarian cancer. We explored how discordant surgically and radiologically assessed postoperative residual disease affects outcomes.MethodsAfter debulking surgery, 1021 patients received 4 to 8 cycles of carboplatin‐paclitaxel plus bevacizumab until progression or up to 24 months. The primary endpoint was safety; progression‐free survival (PFS) was a secondary endpoint. We performed post hoc exploratory PFS analyses in four subgroups: surgeon‐reported no visible residuum (NVR) without target lesions; surgeon‐reported NVR with target lesions; macroscopic (≤1 cm) residuum; and >1 cm residuum.ResultsSurgical and radiological assessments were concordant in 94% of patients; 61 patients (6%; 21% of those with surgeon‐reported NVR) had NVR with target lesions. Median PFS was numerically longest in patients with concordant surgically/radiologically assessed NVR (35.5 months), intermediate for surgeon‐reported NVR with target lesions (31.8 months), and shortest for visible residuum (27.9 and 20.2 months for visible residuum ≤1 and >1 cm, respectively). One‐year and 2‐year PFS rates showed the same pattern.ConclusionsThese analyses suggest that prognosis is potentially worse in patients with radiologically detected target lesions despite surgeon‐reported NVR compared with concordant NVR by both assessment methods. Postsurgical imaging may add valuable prognostic information.
Locally advanced epithelial sinonasal tumors: The impact of multimodal approach
Authors: Orlandi Ester , Cavalieri Stefano , Granata Roberta , Nicolai Piero , Castelnuovo Paolo , Piazza Cesare , Schreiber Alberto , Turri‐Zanoni Mario , Quattrone Pasquale , Miceli Rosalba , Infante Gabriele , Sessa Fausto , Facco Carla , Calareso Giuseppina , Iacovelli Nicola Alessandro , Mattavelli Davide , Paderno Alberto , Resteghini Carlo , Locati Laura Deborah , Licitra Lisa , Bossi Paolo 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveOutcomes of locally advanced epithelial sinonasal cancers remain unsatisfactory; moreover, only limited and heterogeneous data exist on prognostic factors.MethodsWe reviewed all consecutive patients with American Joint Committee Cancer stage III to IV epithelial sinonasal cancers treated with platinum‐based induction chemotherapy (IC) followed by locoregional treatment between 1996 and 2015.ResultsWe identified 69 patients treated with a multimodal approach (IC, surgery, radiotherapy). Overall, 44 patients recurred (64%). Of those, 19 patients received salvage surgery, but only four remained disease‐free. Median overall survival (OS) was 62.5 months. Sinonasal neuroendocrine and small cell histotypes (P = 0.0085), neuroendocrine differentiation (P = 0.006), and lack of response to IC (P = 0.03) were associated with worse OS. In patients who recurred, median OS was 13 months since recurrence. Survival was longer in patients submitted to salvage surgery (44%) than in those receiving chemotherapy alone at recurrence (29.5 vs. 4.6 months). Patients with a clinical benefit after palliative chemotherapy had a longer median OS than those with disease progression (29.2 vs. 4.4 months; P < 0.0001).ConclusionGlobally, the prognosis of locally advanced epithelial sinonasal cancers is dismal, with worse outcomes for neuroendocrine lesions. In the recurrent setting, feasibility of salvage surgery and clinical benefit from palliative chemotherapy are associated with longer OS. A multimodal treatment strategy with IC seems to offer improved OS when compared with other retrospective series not employing such a therapeutic tool.Level of Evidence4Laryngoscope, 130:857–865, 2020
Histological characteristics of intra‐temporal facial nerve paralysis in temporal bone malignancies
Authors: Ungar Omer J. , Nadol Joseph B. , Faquin William C. , Carey John P. , Handzel Ophir , Santos Felipe 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveTo describe the histopathologic findings and clinical presentation of intra‐temporal facial nerve invasion in primary and metastatic malignancies of the human temporal bone (TB).Materials and MethodsRetrospective analysis of all medical records of patients diagnosed with peripheral facial nerve palsy (PFnP) of a malignant origin was performed. Temporal bones underwent standard processing for histologic examination. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)–stained slides were examined by light microscopy. The histologic findings were compared to premortem clinical data.ResultsEighteen TBs were identified in 16 patients. The male to female ratio was 9:7. The median (range) age of death was 56.5 years (27 months to 75 years). The median time interval from facial nerve injury to death was 5.5 months. There were 11 carcinomas and seven sarcomas identified. Primary TB malignancies were identified in seven TBs (39%), and the rest (11 TBs, 61%) were of metastatic origin. Complete facial nerve paralysis (House‐Brackmann [HB] grade VI), was the most common clinical presentation affecting nine patients (10 TBs, 56%). Neural involvement was multifocal in nature (16 of 18 TBs, 89%). The most commonly involved cranial nerve (CN) VII segment was the meatal segment (13 TBs, 72%), followed by the labyrinthine, tympanic, and vertical segments (nine, eight, and six TBs, respectively).ConclusionPFnP can be the result of local, regional, or distant malignancy, and is associated with poor survival. The facial nerve can serve as a route of tumor progression intracranially. Whereas every segment of CNV II can be violated by tumors, not all PFnP are related to direct tumor invasion.Level of Evidence4Laryngoscope, 130:E358–E367, 2020
Pubertal orchestration of hormones and testis in primates
Authors: Bhattacharya Indrashis , Sen Sharma Souvik , Majumdar Subeer S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe term “Puberty”, socially known as “Adolescence” is the transitional period from juvenile life to adulthood with functional maturation of gonads and genital organs. In this process, some remarkable developmental changes occur in morphology, physiology, and behavior leading to reproductive competence. Despite sufficient levels of gonadotropins (luteinizing hormone [LH] and follicle‐stimulating hormone [FSH]), robust spermatogenesis is not initiated during infancy in primates due to the immaturity of testicular Sertoli cells. Recent studies suggest that developmental competence augmenting functional activities of receptors for androgen and FSH is acquired by Sertoli cells somewhere during the prolonged hypo‐gonadotropic juvenile period. This juvenile phase is terminated with the re‐awakening of hypothalamic Kisspeptin/Neurokinin B/Dynorphin neurons which induce the release of the gonadotropin‐releasing hormone leading to reactivation of the hypothalamo‐pituitary‐testicular axis at puberty. During this period of pubertal development, FSH and LH facilitate further maturation of testicular cells (Sertoli cells and Leydig cells) triggering robust differentiation of the spermatogonial cells, ensuing the spermatogenic onset. This review aims to precisely address the evolving concepts of the pubertal regulation of hormone production with the corresponding cooperation of testicular cells for the initiation of robust spermatogenesis, which can be truly called “testicular puberty.”