bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protective factors in mature human milk: a look into the proteome and peptidome of adolescent mothers’ breast milk
Authors: Campanhon Isabele Batista , da Silva Márcia Regina Soares , de Magalhães Mariana Torquato Quezado , Zingali Russolina Benedeta , Bezerra Flávia Fioruci , Torres Alexandre Guedes 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe characterisation of proteome and peptidome of adolescent mothers’ breast milk brings important information to both mother’s and infant’s health; however, it has not been investigated. Bioactive peptides derived from milk proteins have numerous functions. The bioactivity of breast milk peptides includes anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities and regulation of gastrointestinal function. We aimed to characterise the proteome and peptidome of mature breast milk of adolescent mothers and investigate whether it is affected by lactational period. We used a combination of electrophoretic and nano-scale LC-quadrupole time-of-flight MS/MS (nLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) techniques and bioinformatics to explore the proteome of human skimmed milk expressed by lactating adolescents in two groups according to postpartum period (up to 3 and over 5 weeks postpartum). This is the first study that analysed the proteome of adolescent mothers’ breast milk produced during two periods of lactation using 1D-electrophoresis combined with nLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis. Our results showed that the protein composition of adolescent milk varies independently of lactation stage and showed high inter-individual variation. A total of 424 proteins were identified in skimmed milk, of which 137 proteins were common to both groups. Most of the peptides found in adolescents’ breast milk were not derived from major proteins in milk. Association maps showed several interactions between groups of peptides that pointed to the relevance of breast milk peptides to neonatal defensive system.
“This Land Remains German”: Requisitioning, Society, and the US Army, 1945–1956
Authors: Seipp Adam R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis article examines debates over the requisitioning of real estate by the US Army during the decade after the end of World War II. Requisitioning quickly emerged as one of the most contentious issues in the relationship between German civilians and the American occupation. American policy changed several times as the physical presence of the occupiers shrank during the postwar period then expanded again after the outbreak of the Korean War. I show that requisitioning became a key site of contestation during the early years of the Federal Republic. The right to assert authority over real property served as a visible reminder of the persistent limits of German sovereignty. By pushing back against American requisitioning policy, Germans articulated an increasingly assertive claim to sovereign rights.
Design and optimization of a laser-PIXE beamline for material science applications
Authors: Morabito A. , Scisciò M. , Veltri S. , Migliorati M. , Antici P. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMulti-MeV proton beams can be generated by irradiating thin solid foils with ultra-intense (>1018 W/cm2) short laser pulses. Several of their characteristics, such as high bunch charge and short pulse duration, make them a complementary alternative to conventional radio frequency-based accelerators. A potential material science application is the chemical analysis of cultural heritage (CH) artifacts. The complete chemistry of the bulk material (ceramics, metals) can be retrieved through sophisticated nuclear techniques such as particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE). Recently, the use of laser-generated proton beams was introduced as diagnostics in material science (laser-PIXE or laser-driven PIXE): Coupling laser-generated proton sources to conventional beam steering devices successfully enhances the capture and transport of the laser-accelerated beam. This leads to a reduction of the high divergence and broad energy spread at the source. The design of our hybrid beamline is composed of an energy selector, followed by permanent quadrupole magnets aiming for better control and manipulation of the final proton beam parameters. This allows tailoring both, mean proton energy and spot sizes, yet keeping the system compact. We performed a theoretical study optimizing a beamline for laser-PIXE applications. Our design enables monochromatizing the beam and shaping its final spot size. We obtain spot sizes ranging between a fraction of mm up to cm scale at a fraction of nC proton charge per shot. These results pave the way for a versatile and tunable laser-PIXE at a multi-Hz repetition rate using modern commercially available laser systems.
Impact of conjugation strategies for targeting of antibodies in gold nanoparticles for ultrasensitive detection of 17β-estradiol
Authors: Oliveira Jairo Pinto , Prado Adilson Ribeiro , Keijok Wanderson Juvencio , Antunes Paulo Wagnner Pereira , Yapuchura Enrique Ronald , Guimarães Marco Cesar Cunegundes 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAntibody-coated nanoparticles have recently attracted considerable attention, with the focus falling on diagnostics. Nevertheless, controlled antibody bioconjugation remains a challenge. Here, we present two strategies of bioconjugation with the aim of evaluating the best approach for the coupling of antibodies on the surface of nanomaterials in an oriented way. We employed electrostatic interaction (physical adsorption) and covalent conjugation in the orientation of antibodies on the metallic surface as coupling methods, and their influence on the detection of 17β-estradiol was addressed with localized surface plasmon resonance. The understanding of these mechanisms is fundamental for the development of reproducible inorganic bioconjugates with oriented surface as well sensibility of immunoassays.
ICEKp2: description of an integrative and conjugative element in Klebsiella pneumoniae, co-occurring and interacting with ICEKp1
Authors: Farzand Robeena , Rajakumar Kumar , Zamudio Roxana , Oggioni Marco R. , Barer Michael R , O’Hare Helen M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractKlebsiella pneumoniae is a human pathogen, prominent in antimicrobial-resistant and nosocomial infection. The integrative and conjugative element ICEKp1 is present in a third of clinical isolates and more prevalent in invasive disease; it provides genetic diversity and enables the spread of virulence-associated genes. We report a second integrative conjugative element that can co-occur with ICEKp1 in K. pneumoniae. This element, ICEKp2, is similar to the Pseudomonas aeruginosa pathogenicity island PAPI. We identified ICEKp2 in K. pneumoniae sequence types ST11, ST258 and ST512, which are associated with carbapenem-resistant outbreaks in China and the US, including isolates with and without ICEKp1. ICEKp2 was competent for excision, but self-mobilisation to recipient Escherichia coli was not detected. In an isolate with both elements, ICEKp2 positively influenced the efficiency of plasmid mobilisation driven by ICEKp1. We propose a putative mechanism, in which a Mob2 ATPase of ICEKp2 may contribute to the ICEKp1 conjugation machinery. Supporting this mechanism, mob2, but not a variant with mutations in the ATPase motif, restored transfer efficiency to an ICEKp2 knockout. This is the first demonstration of the interaction between integrative and conjugative genetic elements in a single Gram-negative bacterium with implications for understanding evolution by horizontal gene transfer.
Decision-Centered Design of Patient Information Visualizations to Support Chronic Pain Care
Authors: Harle Christopher A. , DiIulio Julie , Downs Sarah M. , Danielson Elizabeth C. , Anders Shilo , Cook Robert L. , Hurley Robert W. , Mamlin Burke W. , Militello Laura G. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background For complex patients with chronic conditions, electronic health records (EHRs) contain large amounts of relevant historical patient data. To use this information effectively, clinicians may benefit from visual information displays that organize and help them make sense of information on past and current treatments, outcomes, and new treatment options. Unfortunately, few clinical decision support tools are designed to support clinical sensemaking.
Objective The objective of this study was to describe a decision-centered design process, and resultant interactive patient information displays, to support key clinical decision requirements in chronic noncancer pain care.
Methods To identify key clinical decision requirements, we conducted critical decision method interviews with 10 adult primary care clinicians. Next, to identify key information needs and decision support design seeds, we conducted a half-day multidisciplinary design workshop. Finally, we designed an interactive prototype to support the key clinical decision requirements and information needs uncovered during the previous research activities.
Results The resulting Chronic Pain Treatment Tracker prototype summarizes the current treatment plan, past treatment history, potential future treatments, and treatment options to be cautious about. Clinicians can access additional details about each treatment, current or past, through modal views. Additional decision support for potential future treatments and treatments to be cautious about is also provided through modal views.
Conclusion This study designed the Chronic Pain Treatment Tracker, a novel approach to decision support that presents clinicians with the information they need in a structure that promotes quick uptake, understanding, and action.
Quasi-best approximation in optimization with PDE constraints
Authors: Gaspoz Fernando , Kreuzer Christian , Veeser Andreas , Wollner Winnifried 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We consider finite element solutions to quadratic optimization problems, where the state depends on the control via a well-posed linear partial differential equation. Exploiting the structure of a suitably reduced optimality system, we prove that the combined error in the state and adjoint state of the variational discretization is bounded by the best approximation error in the underlying discrete spaces. The constant in this bound depends on the inverse square root of the Tikhonov regularization parameter. Furthermore, if the operators of control action and observation are compact, this quasi-best approximation constant becomes independent of the Tikhonov parameter as the mesh size tends to 0 and we give quantitative relationships between mesh size and Tikhonov parameter ensuring this independence. We also derive generalizations of these results when the control variable is discretized or when it is taken from a convex set.
Neuroinflammation and Not Tauopathy Is a Predominant Pathological Signature of Nodding Syndrome
Authors: Hotterbeekx An , Lammens Martin , Idro Richard , Akun Pamela R , Lukande Robert , Akena Geoffrey , Nath Avindra , Taylor Joneé , Olwa Francis , Kumar-Singh Samir , Colebunders Robert 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNodding syndrome (NS) is an epileptic disorder occurring in children in African onchocerciasis endemic regions. Here, we describe the pathological changes in 9 individuals from northern Uganda who died with NS (n = 5) or other forms of onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy (OAE) (n = 4). Postmortem examinations were performed and clinical information was obtained. Formalin-fixed brain samples were stained by hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemistry was used to stain astrocytes (GFAP), macrophages (CD68), ubiquitin, α-synuclein, p62, TDP-43, amyloid β, and tau (AT8). The cerebellum showed atrophy and loss of Purkinje cells with hyperplasia of the Bergmann glia. Gliosis and features of past ventriculitis and/or meningitis were observed in all but 1 participant. CD68-positive macrophage clusters were observed in all cases in various degrees. Immunohistochemistry for amyloid β, α-synuclein, or TDP-43 was negative. Mild to sparse AT8-positive neurofibrillary tangle-like structures and threads were observed in 4/5 NS and 2/4 OAE cases, preferentially in the frontal and parietal cortex, thalamic- and hypothalamic regions, mesencephalon and corpus callosum. Persons who died with NS and other forms of OAE presented similar pathological changes but no generalized tauopathy, suggesting that NS and other forms of OAE are different clinical presentations of a same disease with a common etiology.
Methionine synthase 1 provides methionine for activation of the GLR3.5 Ca2+ channel and regulation of germination in Arabidopsis
Authors: Ju Chuanli , Kong Dongdong , Lee Yuree , Ge Gege , Song Yanan , Liu Jiawen , Kwak June M 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Seed germination is a developmental process regulated by numerous internal and external cues. Our previous studies have shown that calcium influx mediated by the Arabidopsis glutamate receptor homolog 3.5 (AtGLR3.5) modulates the expression of the ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE 4 (ABI4) transcription factor during germination and that L-methionine (L-Met) activates AtGLR3.1/3.5 Ca2+ channels in guard cells. However, it is not known whether L-Met participates in regulation of germination and what cellular mechanism is responsible for Met production during germination. Here, we describe Arabidopsis methionine synthase 1 (AtMS1), which acts in the final step of Met biosynthesis, synthesizes the Met required for the activation of AtGLR3.5 Ca2+ channels whose expression is up-regulated during germination, leading to the regulation of seed germination. We show that exogenous L-Met promotes germination in an AtGRL3.5-dependent manner. We also demonstrate that L-Met directly regulates the AtGLR3.5-mediated increase in cytosolic Ca2+ level in seedlings. We provide pharmacological and genetic evidence that Met synthesized via AtMS1 acts upstream of the AtGLR3.5-mediated Ca2+ signal and regulates the expression of ABI4, a major regulator in the abscisic acid response in seeds. Overall, our results link AtMS1, L-Met, the AtGLR3.5 Ca2+ channel, Ca2+ signals, and ABI4, and shed light on the physiological role and molecular mechanism of L-Met in germination.
The universal rotation curve of low surface brightness galaxies – IV. The interrelation between dark and luminous matter
Authors: Di Paolo Chiara , Salucci Paolo , Erkurt Adnan 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
We investigate the properties of the baryonic and the dark matter components in low surface brightness (LSB) disc galaxies, with central surface brightness in the B band $\mu _0 \ge 23 \, \mathrm{mag \, arcsec}^{-2}$. The sample is composed of 72 objects, whose rotation curves show an orderly trend reflecting the idea of a universal rotation curve (URC) similar to that found in the local high surface brightness (HSB) spirals in previous works. This curve relies on the mass modelling of the co-added rotation curves, involving the contribution from an exponential stellar disc and a Burkert cored dark matter halo. We find that the dark matter is dominant especially within the smallest and less luminous LSB galaxies. Dark matter haloes have a central surface density $\Sigma _0 \sim 100 \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot } \, \mathrm{pc}^{-2}$, similar to galaxies of different Hubble types and luminosities. We find various scaling relations among the LSBs structural properties which turn out to be similar but not identical to what has been found in HSB spirals. In addition, the investigation of these objects calls for the introduction of a new luminous parameter, the stellar compactness C* (analogously to a recent work by Karukes & Salucci), alongside the optical radius and the optical velocity in order to reproduce the URC. Furthermore, a mysterious entanglement between the properties of the luminous and the dark matter emerges.
Identification of upper gastrointestinal malignancy in patients with uncomplicated dyspepsia referred under the two-week-wait cancer pathway: a single-centre, 10-year experience
Authors: Patel Janisha , McNair Alistair 
Published: September 2019

Introduction
In the United Kingdom, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence 2015 guidance recommend that for suspected gastric or oesophageal cancer, general practitioners consider a non-urgent, direct-access endoscopy in patients over 55 years with only uncomplicated treatment-resistant dyspepsia. In practice, patients are referred under the urgent 2-week-wait cancer pathway.

Methods
We compared the frequency of gastric or oesophageal carcinoma in patients referred to our centre on the 2-week-wait pathway with uncomplicated dyspepsia to those who have a combination of additional alarm symptoms. The four most common indications for endoscopy referral on the 2-week-wait pathway and all combinations of those indications were examined: Dyspepsia (‘ulcer-like’, ‘non-ulcer-like’ or ‘reflux-like’ dyspepsia), anaemia, weight loss or dysphagia.

Results
Over 10 years, 9012 two-week-wait gastroscopies were performed, and a tumour was identified in 256 patients (2.84%). One thousand and three hundred six gastroscopies performed for uncomplicated dyspepsia and only 6 patients (0.46%) had a tumour. Therefore, uncomplicated dyspepsia alone had a poor positive predictive value of detecting gastric or oesophageal cancer. Our findings suggest dyspepsia had no significant cumulative effect on the number of patients with anaemia or weight loss found to have a lesion at endoscopy but indeed significantly decreased the likelihood of finding a tumour in those with dysphagia.

Conclusion
Dyspepsia as a parameter to investigate gastric or oesophageal cancer contributes significantly to the growth in number of 2-week-wait referrals at a time when endoscopy units battle to meet demand. Our data show patients with uncomplicated dyspepsia rarely have gastric or oesophageal cancer and should not undergo endoscopies under the urgent 2-week-wait pathway.
The Educational Impact of Implementing National Quality Registries in Sweden—A National Collaboration Project
Authors: Peterson Anette , Hedberg Berith , Fredholm Ståhl Ylva 
Published: September 2019

Background and Objectives:
There is a need for improved clinical outcomes, and a useful tool in this endeavor is the use of National Quality Registries (NQRs). To learn more about the impact of NQRs, a National Collaboration Project was formed. This follow-up study had 2 aims: first, to describe the value and learning of a National Collaboration Project focusing on the use of NQRs in collaboration between universities, health care organizations, and the regional registry centers; and, second, to describe what activities are still ongoing.

Method:
A qualitative design was used to obtain a detailed description of the extent to which project leaders perceived that the goals had been achieved after participation in the national project. A qualitative descriptive content analysis was performed.

Results:
Four main categories were found. The context proved to be crucial for how the local projects were formed and developed. Networking was highlighted as an important part of learning. Another mentioned part of learning was the change planned and implemented in the curriculum to promote the use of NQRs. Finally, the importance of anchoring and spreading the lessons learned was also stressed.

Conclusion:
Using NQRs in multidisciplinary education is successful in many ways, but this study shows that certain factors need to be in place to make it work in practice.
Inducible degron-dependent depletion of the RNA polymerase I associated factor PAF53 demonstrates it is essential for cell growth and allows for the analysis of functional domains
Authors: McNamar Rachel , Abu-Adas Zakaria , Rothblum Katrina , Rothblum Lawrence I. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractOur knowledge of the mechanism of rDNA transcription has benefitted from the combined application of genetic techniques in yeast, and progress on the biochemistry of the various components of yeast rDNA transcription. Nomura’s laboratory derived a system in yeast for screening for mutants essential for ribosome biogenesis. Such systems have allowed investigators to not only determine if a gene was essential, but to analyze domains of the proteins for different functions in rDNA transcriptionin vivo. However, because there are significant differences in both the structures and components of the transcription apparatus and the patterns of regulation between mammals and yeast, there are significant deficits in our understanding of mammalian rDNA transcription. We have developed a system combining CRISPR/Cas9 and an inducible degron that allows us to combine a “genetics-like” approach to studying mammalian rDNA transcription with biochemistry. Using this system, we show that the mammalian homologue of yeast A49, PAF53, is required for rDNA transcription and mitotic growth. Further, we have been able to study the domains of the protein required for activity. We have found that while the C-terminal, DNA-binding domain (tWH) was necessary for complete function, the heterodimerization and linker domains were also essential. Analysis of the linker identified a putative DNA-binding domain. We have confirmed that the helix-turn-helix (HTH) of the linker constitutes a second DNA-binding domain within PAF53 and that the HTH is essential for PAF53 function.
Does the basic farmland preservation hinder land transfers in rural China?
Authors: Qiu Tongwei , Luo Biliang , Li Shangpu , He Qinying 
Published: September 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess the links between basic farmland preservation and land transfers in rural China.Design/methodology/approachThe Chinese provincial panel data from 2006 to 2016 were analyzed with the use of Arellano–Bond linear dynamic panel data estimations.FindingsThe basic farmland preservation policy negatively affects the land transfer rate. In addition, this policy is most likely to limit land transfers between local acquaintances in the major grain-producing areas. Further evidence indicates that the basic farmland preservation policy has a negative impact on land rentals in general. Considering that land transfers such as exchanges and take-overs are excluded from rental transactions between acquaintances, the policy’s constraints on land use are likely to hinder land rentals between acquaintances, which are market-oriented.Practical implicationsOverall, this study’s analysis suggests that the farmland preservation policy’s constraints on land use rights are likely to result in a major diminishment of the rural rental markets. Under this policy, land that is designated as basic farmland cannot be converted to another use. However, it remains possible to improve the productivity of agriculture through other means. These possible avenues for improvement include enhancing the efficiency of production through expanding the scale of farming operations and developing the social services aspect of agriculture (i.e. the basic farmland preservation policy is likely to realize more social revenue than can be gained from land transfers). Thus, the arrangement of the basic farmland preservation policy in China can be managed in a way that is both economical and reasonable.Originality/valueTo ensure food security, China has enacted several laws and regulations to preserve basic farmland, and it has promoted land transfers to improve farm productivity. Therefore, it is important to understand whether the basic farmland preservation policy restricts land use rights and hinders land transfers that could improve productivity. This study provides empirical evidence showing that the basic farmland preservation policy is actually not conducive to promoting land transfers and that it even discourages the market orientation of land rentals between acquaintances. In dealing with this issue, the Chinese Government should seek to balance the relationship between preserving basic farmland and promoting land transfers.