bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping quantitative trait loci associated with southern leaf blight resistance in maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Kaur Maninder , Vikal Yogesh , Kaur Harleen , Pal Lalit , Kaur Kirandeep , Chawla Jasbir Singh 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSouthern leaf blight (SLB) caused by the fungus Cochliobolus heterostrophus (Drechs.) Drechs. is a major foliar disease of maize worldwide. Our objectives were to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance to SLB and flowering traits in recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from the cross of inbred lines LM5 (resistant) and CM140 (susceptible). A set of 207 RILs were phenotyped for resistance to SLB at three time intervals for two consecutive years. Four putative QTL for SLB resistance were detected on chromosomes 3, 8 and 9 that accounted for 54% of the total phenotypic variation. Days to silking and anthesis–silking interval (ASI) QTL were located on chromosomes 6, 7 and 9. A comparison of the obtained results with the published SLB resistance QTL studies suggested that the detected bins 9.03/02 and 8.03/8.02 are the hot spots for SLB resistance whereas novel QTL were identified in bins 3.08 and 8.01/8.04. The linked markers are being utilized for marker‐assisted mobilization of QTL conferring resistance to SLB in elite maize backgrounds. Fine mapping of identified QTL will facilitate identification of candidate genes underlying SLB resistance.
TNBG-5602, a novel derivative of quinoxaline, inhibits liver cancer growth via upregulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Hu Xuelian , Wan Chunmei , Gan Zongjie , Liu Rongxing , Chen Yongjie , Wang Jing , Gan Linling , Chen Yuhang , Li Yingbo , He Baicheng , Yu Yu 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objectives
TNBG-5602 is a newly synthesized compound with an isoquinoline structure. In the present study, we demonstrated the anticancer effect of TNBG-5602 in in-vitro and in-vivo models and investigated its possible anticancer mechanism.

Methods
The antiproliferation effect of TNBG-5602 in vitro was evaluated in human liver cancer cell line QGY-7701. The acute toxicity of TNBG-5602 was evaluated in mice. The anticancer activity of TNBG-5602 in vivo was assessed in a xenograft model of human liver cancer cell line QGY-7701.

Key findings
The results of CCK-8 assay showed that TNBG-5602 can effectively inhibit the proliferation of liver cancer cells in vitro. The acute toxicity test in mice showed that the LD50 of TNBG-5602 was 172 mg/kg. In a xenograft liver cancer model, TNBG-5602 could remarkably inhibit the growth of tumours. During in-vitro and in-vivo studies, we noted that TNBG-5602 could induce lipid accumulation in cancer cells and tissues. Further study indicated that the anticancer effect of TNBG-5602 may be exerted through activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and downregulating proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA).

Conclusions
Our results suggested that TNBG-5602 might exert potent anticancer activity through increasing the expression of PPARγ.
Geochemistry and Sm‐Nd chronology of a Stannern‐group eucrite, Northwest Africa 7188
Authors: Kagami Saya , Haba Makiko K. , Yokoyama Tetsuya , Usui Tomohiro , Greenwood Richard C. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe report the results of a detailed study of the basaltic eucrite Northwest Africa (NWA) 7188, including its mineralogical and bulk geochemical characteristics, oxygen isotopic composition, and147,146Sm‐143,142Nd mineral isochron ages. The texture and chemical composition of pyroxene and plagioclase demonstrate thatNWA7188 is a monomict eucrite with a metamorphic grade of type 4. The oxygen isotopic composition and the Fe/Mn ratios of pyroxene confirmed thatNWA7188 belongs to the howardite–eucrite–diogenite meteorite suite, generally considered to originate from asteroid 4 Vesta. Whole‐rock TiO2, La, and Hf concentrations and aCIchondrite‐normalized rare earth element pattern are in good agreement with those of representative Stannern‐group eucrites. The147,146Sm‐143,142Nd isochrons forNWA7188 yielded ages of 4582 ± 190 and 4554 +17/−19 Ma, respectively. The closure temperature of the Sm‐Nd system for different fractions ofNWA7188 was estimated to be >865 °C, suggesting that the Sm‐Nd decay system has either been resistant to reheating at ~800 °C during the global metamorphism or only partially reset. Therefore, the146Sm‐142Nd age ofNWA7188 corresponds to the period of initial crystallization of basaltic magmas and/or global metamorphism on the parent body, and is unlikely to reflect Sm‐Nd disturbance by late reheating and impact events. In either case,NWA7188 is a rare Stannern‐group eucrite that preserves the chronological information regarding the initial crustal evolution of Vesta.
Individual variation in early‐life telomere length and survival in a wild mammal
Authors: van Lieshout Sil H. J. , Bretman Amanda , Newman Chris , Buesching Christina D. , Macdonald David W. , Dugdale Hannah L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIndividual variation in survival probability due to differential responses to early‐life environmental conditions is important in the evolution of life histories and senescence. A biomarker allowing quantification of such individual variation, and which links early‐life environmental conditions with survival by providing a measure of conditions experienced, is telomere length. Here, we examined telomere dynamics among 24 cohorts of European badgers (Meles meles). We found a complex cross‐sectional relationship between telomere length and age, with no apparent loss over the first 29 months, but with both decreases and increases in telomere length at older ages. Overall, we found low within‐individual consistency in telomere length across individual lifetimes. Importantly, we also observed increases in telomere length within individuals, which could not be explained by measurement error alone. We found no significant sex differences in telomere length, and provide evidence that early‐life telomere length predicts lifespan. However, while early‐life telomere length predicted survival to adulthood (≥1 year old), early‐life telomere length did not predict adult survival probability. Furthermore, adult telomere length did not predict survival to the subsequent year. These results show that the relationship between early‐life telomere length and lifespan was driven by conditions in early‐life, where early‐life telomere length varied strongly among cohorts. Our data provide evidence for associations between early‐life telomere length and individual life history, and highlight the dynamics of telomere length across individual lifetimes due to individuals experiencing different early‐life environments.
Beyond the cultural myth of medical meritocracy
Authors: Razack Saleem , Risør Torsten , Hodges Brian , Steinert Yvonne 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe examine the cultural myth of the medical meritocracy, whereby the “best and the brightest” are admitted and promoted within the profession. We explore how this narrative guides medical practice in ways that may no longer be adequate in the contexts of practice today.MethodsNarrative analysis of medical students’ and physicians’ stories.ResultsHierarchies of privilege within medicine are linked to meritocracy and the trope of the “hero's story” in literature. Gender and other forms of difference are generally excluded from narratives of excellence, which suggests operative mechanisms that may be contributory to observed differences in attainment. We discuss how the notion of diversity is formulated in medicine as a “problem” to be accommodated within merit, and posit that medical practice today requires a reformulation of the notion of merit in medicine, valorising a diversity of life experience and skills, rather than “retrofitting” diversity concerns as problems to be accommodated within current constructs of merit.ConclusionsThree main action‐oriented outcomes for a better formulation of merit relevant to medical practice today are suggested: (a) development of assessors’ critical consciousness regarding the structural issues in merit assignment; (b) alignment of merit criteria with relevant societal outcomes, and (c) developing inclusive leadership to accommodate the greater diversity of excellence needed in today's context of medical practice. A reformulation of the stories through which medical practitioners and educators communicate and validate aspects of medical practice will be required in order for the profession to continue to have relevance to the diverse societies it serves.
Clinical implications of age‐related change of the mandibular plane angle
Authors: Hardin Anna M. , Valiathan Manish , Oh Heesoo , Knigge Ryan P. , McNulty Kieran P. , Leary Emily V. , Duren Dana L. , Sherwood Richard J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo identify trajectories of ontogenetic change in the mandibular plane angle (MPA) and to describe the influence of sex and other factors on MPA during growth.Setting/SampleThe data consisted of 7026 MPA measurements from lateral cephalographs representing longitudinal series from ages 6 to 21 for 728 individuals from the Craniofacial Growth Consortium Study (CGCS).Materials and MethodsFacial type was determined from MPA for each assessment, with the assessment closest to age 18 representing the adult facial type. The sample includes 366 males and 362 females, each with between 2 and 15 cephalographs. The mean number of cephalographs per individual is 10. Variation in childhood MPA (earliest assessment between 6 and 9 years of age) and adult MPA (closest assessment to age 18 between 15 and 21 years of age), and change in MPA from childhood to adulthood were compared by sex and adult facial type using ANOVA and post hoc t tests.ResultsMandibular plane angle decreased from childhood to adulthood in 92% of males and 81% of females, yet increased in 36% of males and 50% of females with the hyper‐divergent adult facial type. Childhood MPA and overall change in MPA were significantly different by adult facial type.ConclusionsAdult facial type is associated with differences in childhood MPA and change in MPA during growth. There are multiple ontogenetic pathways by which an individual can achieve a normo‐divergent adult facial type, and an individual's childhood MPA does not necessarily correspond to his or her adult facial type.
Identification of candidate genes for key fibre‐related QTLs and derivation of favourable alleles in Gossypium hirsutum recombinant inbred lines with G. barbadense introgressions
Authors: Wang Furong , Zhang Jingxia , Chen Yu , Zhang Chuanyun , Gong Juwu , Song Zhangqiang , Zhou Juan , Wang Jingjing , Zhao Chengjie , Jiao Mengjia , Liu Aiying , Du Zhaohai , Yuan Youlu , Fan Shoujin , Zhang Jun 
Published: August 2019

SummaryFine mapping QTLs and identifying candidate genes for cotton fibre‐quality and yield traits would be beneficial to cotton breeding. Here, we constructed a high‐density genetic map by specific‐locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF‐seq) to identify QTLs associated with fibre‐quality and yield traits using 239 recombinant inbred lines (RILs), which was developed from LMY22 (a high‐yield Gossypium hirsutumL. cultivar) × LY343 (a superior fibre‐quality germplasm with G. barbadenseL. introgressions). The genetic map spanned 3426.57 cM, including 3556 SLAF‐based SNPs and 199 SSR marker loci. A total of 104 QTLs, including 67 QTLs for fibre quality and 37 QTLs for yield traits, were identified with phenotypic data collected from 7 environments. Among these, 66 QTLs were co‐located in 19 QTL clusters on 12 chromosomes, and 24 QTLs were detected in three or more environments and determined to be stable. We also investigated the genomic components of LY343 and their contributions to fibre‐related traits by deep sequencing the whole genome of LY343, and we found that genomic components from G. hirsutum races (which entered LY343 via its G. barbadense parent) contributed more favourable alleles than those from G. barbadense. We further identified six putative candidate genes for stable QTLs, including Gh_A03G1147 (GhPEL6), Gh_D07G1598 (GhCSLC6) and Gh_D13G1921 (GhTBL5) for fibre‐length QTLs and Gh_D03G0919 (GhCOBL4), Gh_D09G1659 (GhMYB4) and Gh_D09G1690 (GhMYB85) for lint‐percentage QTLs. Our results provide comprehensive insight into the genetic basis of the formation of fibre‐related traits and would be helpful for cloning fibre‐development‐related genes as well as for marker‐assisted genetic improvement in cotton.
Evaluation of newly developed SSR markers and identification of quantitative trait loci for bast fibre cellulose in white jute (Corchorus capsularis)
Authors: Niyitanga Sylvain , Xu Yi , Ibrahim Aminu Kurawa , Zhang Lilan , Fang Shusheng , Qi Jianmin , Zhang Liwu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCellulose is one of the main chemical component of bast fibre in jute. However, quantitative trait loci (QTL) for bast fibre cellulose content remains elusive. In this study, we identified 846 new SSR markers from 70,792 unigenes in the NCBI and validated them in a panel of 24 diverse jute accessions. Of 846 SSRs, 748 (88.41%) were successfully amplified, and 585 (69.14%) showed polymorphisms, implying that these are high‐quality SSRs. Furthermore, 585 SSRs along with 5,074 polymorphic SLAF (specific locus amplified fragment) and 173 InDel markers were used to reconstruct a high‐dense linkage map in a recombinant inbred population with 104 F8 lines. Totally, 835 markers were successfully mapped to a whole length of 604.5 cM with a mean distance of 2.84 cM between adjacent markers. Furthermore, five QTLs for bast fibre cellulose were identified. One major QTL (qBFC1‐1) was stable in 2 years and explained average phenotypic variance with 14.34%. These results may be useful for developing enhanced bast fibre quality in white jute through marker‐assisted selection (MAS) breeding.
Fecal calprotectin in children with familial Mediterranean fever in the attack‐free period
Authors: Demirbaş Fatma , Çaltepe Gönül , Comba Atakan , Abbasguliyev Hasan , Uyar Neval Yurttan , Kalaycı Ayhan Gazi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundFamilial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by recurrent episodes of fever and serosal inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate fecal calprotectin (FC) in children with FMF during the non‐attack period.MethodsA retrospective evaluation was made of the data of a total 66 patients diagnosed with FMF in an attack‐free period and without amyloidosis or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). FC level in the FMF patients was compared with that in the patients with IBD and healthy control subjects.ResultsThe FMF patients consisted of 37 boys (56.1%) with a mean age of 10.1 ± 3.9 years. Mean FC was 192.5 μg/g (range, 19.5–800 μg/g) in the FMF group, 597.9 μg/g (range, 180–800 μg/g) in the IBD group, and 43.8 μg/g (range, 19.5–144 μg/g) in the control group. The FC level in the children with FMF was higher than in the control group (P < 0.001), and the FC level of the IBD patients was higher than both the FMF and the control groups (P = 0.020, P < 0.001, respectively).ConclusionsFC was higher in FMF patients compared with healthy children even in the absence of IBD/amyloidosis. Even though colonoscopy is the gold standard in identifying intestinal inflammation in FMF patients, FC, a non‐invasive and inexpensive method, can be used for screening. The presence of subclinical intestinal inflammation was also quantitatively identified in children with FMF.
Issue Ownership and Strategic Policy Choice in Multiparty Africa
Authors: Kim Eun Kyung 
Published: August 2019

While it is widely believed that democratic institutions are more responsive to citizens’ policy needs and interests, there has been little effort to examine how multiparty competition in consolidating democracies affects policy choices among competing economic interests. The questions of whether and how democracy influences such policy decisions tend to be ignored because many presume constituents in developing countries are only sensitive to relatively direct exchanges of favors for votes, such as distribution of clientelistic benefits or local/club goods. In this study, I examine some nationally important economic (sub)sectors whose policies favor some parts of the economy over others, targeting investment, taxes, and subsidies, trade protections, or regulation. Applying issue ownership theory to two cases—Ghana and Kenya—I find that partisan competition leads incumbent governments to pursue policies that help ensure economic gains to their electoral supporters at the expense of the opposition backers’ interests.Related ArticlesKostadinova, Tatiana, and Petia Kostadinova. 2016. “Party Promises, Voter Understanding, and Mandate Responsiveness in East European Politics.” Politics & Policy 44 (1): 5‐34. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12145Pelizzo, Riccardo, and Zim Nwokora. 2016. “Bridging the Divide: Measuring Party System Change and Classifying Party Systems.” Politics & Policy 44 (6): 1017‐1052. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12188Pelizzo, Riccardo, and Zim Nwokora. 2018. “Party System Change and the Quality of Democracy in East Africa.” Politics & Policy 46 (3): 505‐528. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12255
Pay for Success: Diffusion of Policy Innovation for Social and Economic Stability
Authors: Fry Vanessa Crossgrove 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAcross the United States, communities struggle with numerous social and environmental issues, while the funding to address these issues continues to diminish. Therefore, actors inside and outside of government are seeking new policy solutions to persistent social problems. Significant hurdles to new policies exist, however, including a lack of funding and a reluctance to take on the risks inherent in implementing new programs. A recent innovation in the policy sphere, pay‐for‐success (PFS) financing, has been able to overcome these hurdles. Policy innovation does not come easily, though, and change within government is often slow and methodical. What catalyzes jurisdictions to engage with PFS? By developing an understanding of the mechanisms and processes of PFS, diffusion scholars and practitioners can facilitate innovation within jurisdictions. Such innovation, which the federal government has an opportunity to facilitate, is necessary to shift business‐as‐usual service provision and enable greater social, environmental, and economic stability.
Firm's demand for insurance: An explorative approach
Authors: Krummaker Simone 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper addresses the question, what influences the insurance demand of companies and examines the influence of managerial risk aversion in this decision process. An explorative research approach based on qualitative data analysis is applied to explore the factors influencing the insurance related decision behavior in organizations. Using interviews and observations of firm's insurance managers, the results identify interdependencies between factors of insurance demand, such as ownership structure, managerial discretion, volatility of earning, size, services of the insurer, and business diversification which allows to propose a framework of contextual factors affecting company's insurance demand. Within this framework, the data imply managerial risk attitudes as decisive factor in the decision process about insurance demand in companies. This explorative study enriches the existing theories of firms’ insurance demand and addresses feedback from practice into theory.
Immigrants, occupations and firm export performance
Authors: Marchal Léa , Nedoncelle Clément 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper investigates the export‐enhancing effect of immigrant workers and how this effect varies across occupations. We use a dataset made of French manufacturing firms from 1997 to 2009 and address the problem of endogenous employment choice using an instrumental variable‐two‐stage least squares (IV‐2SLS) strategy and a doubly robust estimator. Our results show that immigrants in both low‐ and high‐skilled occupations foster exports at both the intensive and the extensive margins. In addition, we show that this effect is spread across all export destinations.
Pathogenesis and management of vascular calcification in CKD and dialysis patients
Authors: Kakani Elijah , Elyamny Mohamed , Ayach Taha , El‐Husseini Amr 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPatients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a predisposition to develop vascular calcification due to dysregulated homeostatic mechanisms, which lead to an imbalance in the circulatory promoters and inhibitors of vascular calcification, leading to a net calcification stress. These factors promote ectopic calcification and induce vascular smooth muscle cells to undergo osteogenic differentiation and actively calcify the vascular media. The article summarizes clinically relevant pathogenic mechanisms of vascular calcification in patients with CKD and in dialysis patients and summarizes novel therapeutic interventions. In addition to the management of traditional cardiovascular risk factors, patients with CKD‐mineral and bone disorder need close attention in the management of the mineral metabolism to prevent adverse effects on the bone and vascular compartments. This article reviews current evidence and therapeutic guidelines in the management of mineral metabolism in CKD and dialysis.
Consequences of restricting antimalarial drugs to rapid diagnostic test‐positive febrile children in south‐west Nigeria
Authors: Falade Catherine Olufunke , Orimadegun Adebola Emanuel , Michael Obaro Stanley , Dada‐Adegbola Hannah Odunola , Ogunkunle Oluwatoyin Oluwafunmilayo , Badejo Joseph Ayotunde , Funwei Roland Ibenipere , Ajayi IkeOluwapo Oyeneye , Jegede Ayodele Samuel , Ojurongbe Olusola Daniel , Ssekitooleko James , Baba Ebenezer , Hamade Prudence , Webster Jayne , Chandramohan Daniel 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the consequence of restricting antimalarial treatment to febrile children that test positive to a malaria rapid diagnostic test (MRDT) only in an area of intense malaria transmission.MethodsFebrile children aged 3–59 months were screened with an MRDT at health facilities in south‐west Nigeria. MRDT‐positive children received artesunate–amodiaquine (ASAQ), while MRDT‐negative children were treated based on the clinical diagnosis of non‐malaria febrile illness. The primary endpoint was the risk of developing microscopy‐positive malaria within 28 days post‐treatment.Results309 (60.5%) of 511 children were MRDT‐positive while 202 (39.5%) were MRDT‐negative at enrolment. 18.5% (50/275) of MRDT‐positive children and 7.6% (14/184) of MRDT‐negative children developed microscopy‐positive malaria by day 28 post‐treatment (ρ = 0.001). The risk of developing clinical malaria by day 28 post‐treatment was higher among the MRDT‐positive group than the MRDT‐negative group (adjusted OR 2.74; 95% CI, 1.4, 5.4). A higher proportion of children who were MRDT‐positive at enrolment were anaemic on day 28 compared with the MRDT‐negative group (12.6% vs. 3.1%; ρ = 0.001). Children in the MRDT‐negative group made more unscheduled visits because of febrile illness than those in MRDT‐positive group (23.2% vs. 12.0%; ρ = 0.001).ConclusionRestricting ACT treatment to MRDT‐positive febrile children only did not result in significant adverse outcomes. However, the risk of re‐infection within 28 days was significantly higher among MRDT‐positive children despite ASAQ treatment. A longer‐acting ACT may be needed as the first‐line drug of choice for treating uncomplicated malaria in high‐transmission settings to prevent frequent re‐infections.