bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiochromic EBT2 and EBT3 sensitometry based on growth of two color phases of the polymer
Authors: Rodríguez César , Martínez Luis Carlos 
Published: February 2019

PurposeThe aim of this work is to develop a sensitometry model of EBT2 and EBT3 radiochromic films based on the observation that radiation induces growth of two polymer color phases.MethodsPreviously published data of the active layer absorption spectrum have been used to characterize the contribution to the total absorbance of each polymer color phase. Through a prior proposed external beam therapy absorption spectrum model the total absorbance has been deconvolved into two polymer phase contributions. The integral absorbance in the visible spectrum of each color phase has been calculated and parametrized as an absorbed dose function. A sensitometry model employing linear relationships with the color phase integral absorbances has been investigated. The phase linear coefficient ratio for each color channel is proposed to be a constant. Films belonging to six different production batches, three EBT2 and three EBT3, have been used to verify this model.ResultsEach polymer color phase integral absorbance in the visible spectrum has been expressed as a simple saturation function of the absorbed dose to the film. The data coming from the six production batches have been fitted to the proposed sensitometry model. This model predicts the measured dose variation in the active layer light attenuation up to fluctuations attributable to uncertainties.ConclusionsThe calibration curve can be written as a linear combination of simple functions describing the dose dependence of the integral absorbance of each polymer color phase. These functions are characteristics of the active layer material, and not dependent on the model and production batch. According to the proposed model, to calibrate a batch in terms of the active layer light attenuation consists of determining just one linear coefficient.
Embryo responses to stress induced by assisted reproductive technologies
Authors: Ramos‐Ibeas Priscila , Heras Sonia , Gómez‐Redondo Isabel , Planells Benjamín , Fernández‐González Raúl , Pericuesta Eva , Laguna‐Barraza Ricardo , Pérez‐Cerezales Serafín , Gutiérrez‐Adán Alfonso 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAssisted reproductive technology (ART) has led to the birth of millions of babies. In cattle, thousands of embryos are produced annually. However, since the introduction and widespread use of ART, negative effects on embryos and offspring are starting to emerge. Knowledge so far, mostly provided by animal models, indicates that suboptimal conditions during ART can affect embryo viability and quality, and may induce embryonic stress responses. These stress responses take the form of severe gene expression alterations or modifications in critical epigenetic marks established during early developmental stages that can persist after birth. Unfortunately, while developmental plasticity allows the embryo to survive these stressful conditions, such insult may lead to adult health problems and to long‐term effects on offspring that could be transmitted to subsequent generations. In this review, we describe how in mice, livestock, and humans, besides affecting the development of the embryo itself, ART stressors may also have significant repercussions on offspring health and physiology. Finally, we argue the case that better control of stressors during ART will help improve embryo quality and offspring health.
In-Situ Evaluation of Benthic Suffocation Methods for Suppression of Invasive Lake Trout Embryos in Yellowstone Lake
Authors: Thomas Nathan A. , Guy Christopher S. , Koel Todd M. , Zale Alexander V. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Suppression of invasive Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush is an important management tool to use in native fish and ecosystem conservation throughout the U.S. Intermountain West. Lake Trout suppression, primarily by gill netting, has been ongoing in Yellowstone Lake, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, since 1995. Additional methods that cause mortality of Lake Trout embryos could be used simultaneously with gill netting to enhance suppression. Our objective was to evaluate the in-situ efficacy of two benthic suffocation methods—tarping with gas-impermeable tarps and Lake Trout carcass deposition to increase the mortality of Lake Trout embryos. Tarping did not increase embryo mortality; mean control mortality was 21 ± 1.9% (mean ± SE), and mean tarp-treatment mortality was 20 ± 2.9%. Lake Trout carcass deposition caused 98 ± 1.2% mean mortality of embryos at the substrate surface and 100 ± 0.1% mean mortality of embryos 20 cm below the substrate surface. Hypoxic conditions in the carcass treatments were probably the cause of the high embryo mortality; dissolved oxygen concentrations at the substrate surface declined from 7.74 to 0.06 mg/L when carcasses remained on the treatment locations. The deposition of Lake Trout carcasses shows potential to be an additional suppression method that can induce mortality in Lake Trout embryos through benthic suffocation and could be implemented at Lake Trout spawning sites in Yellowstone Lake.
Gas/Liquid‐Phase Micro‐Flow Trifluoromethylation using Fluoroform: Trifluoromethylation of Aldehydes, Ketones, Chalcones, and N‐Sulfinylimines
Authors: Hirano Kazuki , Gondo Satoshi , Punna Nagender , Tokunaga Etsuko , Shibata Norio 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA micro‐flow nucleophilic trifluoromethylation of carbonyl compounds using gaseous fluoroform was developed. This method also allows the first micro‐flow transformation of N‐sulfinylimines into trifluoromethyl amines with excellent diastereoselectivity. To demonstrate the synthetic utility of this micro‐flow synthesis, the formal micro‐flow synthesis of Efavirenz is described.
Exploitation of Compartmentalization in RAFT Miniemulsion Polymerization to Increase the Degree of Livingness
Authors: Khan Murtaza , Guimarães Thiago R. , Zhou Dewen , Moad Graeme , Perrier Sébastien , Zetterlund Per B. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTIt is demonstrated that the degree of livingness (chain‐end fidelity) in RAFT polymerization for a given degree of polymerization can be markedly increased in miniemulsion polymerization relative to the corresponding homogeneous bulk system. Polymerization of styrene was conducted using a poly(methyl methacrylate) benzodithioate as macroRAFT agent in both miniemulsion and bulk. The substantially higher polymerization rate in miniemulsion, which is attributed to the segregation effect (compartmentalization) causing a reduction in the rate of bimolecular termination, makes it possible to reach a given degree of polymerization in a significantly shorter time than in the corresponding bulk system. As a consequence, fewer initiating radicals are required throughout the polymerization, leading to higher livingness in the more rapid miniemulsion system. It is demonstrated how this approach facilitates synthesis of high‐molecular‐weight block copolymers comprising slowly propagating monomers such as styrene and methacrylates. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 1938–1946
Five‐year outcomes from a randomised controlled trial of a couples‐based intervention for men with localised prostate cancer
Authors: Chambers Suzanne K. , Occhipinti Stefano , Stiller Anna , Zajdlewicz Leah , Nielsen Lisa , Wittman Daniela , Oliffe John L. , Ralph Nicholas , Dunn Jeff 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectivePsychosexual morbidity is common after prostate cancer treatment, however, long‐term prospective research is limited. We report 5‐year outcomes from a couples‐based intervention in dyads with men treated for localised prostate cancer with surgery.MethodsA randomised controlled trial was conducted involving 189 heterosexual couples, where the man received a radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. The trial groups were peer support vs. nurse counselling versus usual care. Primary outcomes were sexual adjustment, unmet sexual supportive care needs, masculine self‐esteem, marital satisfaction, and utilisation of erectile aids at 2‐, 3‐, 4‐ and 5‐year follow‐up.ResultsThe effects of the interventions varied across the primary outcomes. Partners in the peer group had higher sexual adjustment than those in the usual care and nurses group at 2 and 3 years (P = 0.002‐0.035). Men in usual care had lower unmet sexual supportive care needs than men in the peer and nurse groups (P = 0.001; P = 0.01) at 3 years. Women in usual care had lower sexual supportive care needs than women in the peer group at 2 and 3 years (P = 0.038; P = 0.001). Men in the peer and nurse group utilised sexual aids more than men in usual care; at 5 years 54% of usual care men versus 87% of men in peer support and 80% of men in the nurse group.ConclusionPeer and nurse‐administered psychosexual interventions have potential for increasing men's adherence to treatments for erectile dysfunction. Optimal effects may be achieved through an integrated approach applying these modes of support.
To rest or not to rest—Health care professionals' attitude toward recommending physical activity to their cancer patients
Authors: Ungar Nadine , Tsiouris Angeliki , Haussmann Alexander , Herbolsheimer Florian , Wiskemann Joachim , Steindorf Karen , Sieverding Monika 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveWhile in the past cancer patients were advised to rest, recent research revealed various beneficial effects of physical activity, including increased treatment tolerability during cancer treatment and prolonged survival, which has led to a paradigm shift in relevant guidelines. This study examined if this paradigm shift from rest to activity has been consolidated in health care professionals' (HCP') attitude. It was investigated if the two dimensions of attitude (rest and activity) are endorsed empirically within the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Differences between physicians and nurses were examined.MethodsFive hundred forty seven physicians and 398 nurses treating breast, prostate, or colorectal cancer patients completed a cross‐sectional questionnaire. To assess attitude toward physical activity during cancer treatment, we developed a 15‐item scale, which included original statements of HCP. TPB variables were assessed.ResultsA factor analysis revealed the proposed distinction of attitude into two dimensions. The activity‐paradigm was stronger represented in HCP' attitude compared with rest‐paradigm (Mactivity‐paradigm = 4.1 versusMrest‐paradigm = 2.7,p < 0.001). Additionally, the activity‐paradigm had higher exploratory power in explaining intention to recommend physical activity in cancer patients. However, the rest‐paradigm was able to explain intention to recommend physical activity over and above activity‐paradigm (ΔR2 = 0.05). Nurses had higher scores on the rest‐paradigm than physicians.ConclusionsThe activity‐paradigm has already been consolidated in HCP' minds. However, the rest‐paradigm is still present in the daily routine of oncology physicians and nurses. Addressing concerns and insecurities related to supporting cancer patients in maintaining or building up a physically active lifestyle is a very important educational task.
Returning to work after cancer: Survivors', caregivers', and employers' perspectives
Authors: Fitch Margaret I. , Nicoll Irene 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe Return to Work Initiative was launched to build a comprehensive understanding of issues, needs, current resources, and available supports for Canadian cancer survivors returning to work as the basis for developing a national action plan.MethodsThis Initiative drew on perspectives of stakeholders through a survey and consultations with cancer survivors and caregivers to learn about challenges regarding return to work and interviews and focus groups with workplace representatives and employers to determine issues encountered in the workplace. Common perspectives across stakeholder groups were identified.ResultsCancer survivors (n = 410) described reduction in income, positive and negative experiences returning to work, and work‐related issues regarding side effects. Caregivers (n = 60) described loss of concentration and productivity, stress, and lack of support from coworkers. Employer representatives (n = 68) revealed challenges for managers knowing how best to support cancer survivors as there are few of them of which they are aware. All stakeholders agreed that returning to work for cancer survivors is challenging. Multiple strategies are needed to achieve success: in‐depth understanding of the issues, consideration of accommodation, communication among stakeholders, education, resources, and financial support.ConclusionsThe work provided a foundation for making decisions about how to proceed to improve return to work for Canadian cancer survivors.
Association between air pollution and sleep disordered breathing in children
Authors: Sánchez Trinidad , Gozal David , Smith Dale L. , Foncea Catalina , Betancur Carmen , Brockmann Pablo E. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveSimilar to other respiratory diseases, sleep disordered breathing (SDB) may be exacerbated by air contaminants. Air pollution may have an impact on incidence and severity of SDB in children. The aims of this study were to examine potential associations between the exposure to different air pollutants and SDB symptoms in children.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, parents from first grade children of elementary schools throughout Chile were included. Data about clinical and family‐related SDB risk factors, and the pediatric sleep questionnaire (PSQ) were obtained. Air pollution and meteorological data were obtained from the Chilean online air quality database.ResultsA total of 564 children (44.9% males) aged (median) 6 years (5‐9 year) were included. Prevalence of SDB based on PSQ was 17.7%. When examining air pollutants and conditions, only higher humidity (β = 0.005, 95%CI 0.001‐0.009, P = 0.011) was significantly associated with higher PSQ scores after adjusting for demographic and household variables. Higher ozone (O3) levels (OR = 1.693, 95%CI 1.409‐2.035, P < 0.001), higher humidity (OR = 1.161, 95%CI 1.041‐2.035, P = 0.008) and higher dioxide sulfur (SO2) levels (OR = 1.16, 95%CI 1.07‐1.94, P < 0.001]) were associated with increased odds of wheezing‐related sleep disturbances after adjusting for confounders. Lower temperature was a significant predictor of snoring at least >3 nights/week, following adjustment (OR = 0.865, 95%CI 0.751‐0.997, P < 0.05).ConclusionSleep respiratory symptoms (wheezing and snoring) are significantly associated with air pollutants such as O3 and SO2. In addition, meteorological conditions such as humidity and low temperatures may be also associated with SDB‐related symptoms.
Bronchodilator responsiveness in children with asthma is not influenced by spacer device selection
Authors: D'Vaz Nina , Okitika Toluwalose A. , Shackleton Claire , Devadason Sunalene G. , Hall Graham L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionSpacer devices optimize delivery of aerosol therapies and maximize therapeutic efficacy. We assessed the impact of spacer device on the prevalence and magnitude of bronchodilator response (BDR) in children with asthma.MethodsChildren with physician confirmed asthma and parentally reported symptoms in the last 12 months were recruited for this study. Each participant completed two separate visits (5‐10 days apart) with spirometry performed at baseline and following cumulative doses of salbutamol (200, 400, 800, and 200 μg) delivered by either a small volume disposable spacer or a large volume multi‐use spacer. Spacer type was alternated for each participant during each visit. The primary outcome was the effect of spacer type on bronchodilator responsiveness. The secondary outcome was to assess the relationships between spacer device, salbutamol dose and the proportion of children with a clinically relevant BDR.ResultsThirty‐two children (mean age 11.8 years) completed both visits. Change in lung function following bronchodilators was increased using the large volume spacer, for relative but not absolute increase in FEV1 [mean difference (95% confidence intervals): 1.28% (0.02, 2.54; P = 0.047) and 0.013 L (−0.01, 0.04; P = 0.288)], respectively. There was no observed difference in FVC by spacer type. Overall, 59% (n = 19) of children exhibited a clinically relevant BDR at 400 µg of salbutamol for any spacer and was independent of spacer type.ConclusionSpacer device was not associated with clinically important differences in lung function following bronchodilator inhalation in children with asthma. At a recommended dose of 400 μg, some children with asthma may have their bronchodilator responsiveness misclassified.
Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry analysis for characterization of lignin oligomers using cationization techniques and 2,5‐dihydroxyacetophenone (DHAP) matrix
Authors: Bowman Amber S. , Asare Shardrack O. , Lynn Bert C. 
Published: February 2019

RationaleEffective analytical techniques are needed to characterize lignin products for the generation of renewable carbon sources. Application of matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) in lignin analysis is limited because of poor ionization efficiency. In this study, we explored the potential of cationization along with a 2,5‐dihydroxyacetophenone (DHAP) matrix to characterize model lignin oligomers.MethodsSynthesized lignin oligomers were analyzed using the developed MALDI method. Two matrix systems, DHAP and α‐cyano‐4‐hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA), and three cations (lithium, sodium, silver) were evaluated using a Bruker UltraFlextreme time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer. Instrumental parameters, cation concentration, matrix, sample concentrations, and sample spotting protocols were optimized for improved results.ResultsThe DHAP/Li+ combination was effective for dimer analysis as lithium adducts. Spectra from DHP and ferric chloride oligomers showed improved signal intensities up to decamers (m/z 1823 for the FeCl3 system) and provided insights into differences in the oligomerization mechanism. Spectra from a mixed DHP oligomer system containing H, G, and S units showed contributions from all monolignols within an oligomer level (e.g. tetramer level).ConclusionsThe DHAP/Li+ method presented in this work shows promise to be an effective analytical tool for lignin analysis by MALDI and may provide a tool to assess lignin break‐down efforts facilitating renewable products from lignin.
Preoperative identification of the initial burr hole site in retrosigmoid craniotomies: A teaching and technical note
Authors: Zhou Chuan , Evins Alexander I. , Boschi Andrea , Tang Yinda , Li Shiting , Przepiorka Lukasz , Sadhwani Shaan , Stieg Philip E. , Xu Tao , Bernardo Antonio 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundWhen fashioning a retrosigmoid craniotomy, precise placement of the initial burr hole is crucial to avoid iatrogenic sinusal injury and to facilitate a corridor that allows for minimal cerebellar retraction.Methods3D CT reconstructions of 16 cadaveric sides were used to identify and measure three discrete anatomical points. These three points and distances between them were plotted onto the surface of the skull using a digital caliper to identify the optimal burr hole location. This technique was subsequently applied in 20 clinical cases.ResultsOptimal burr hole placement was achieved in 87.5% of specimens and, with minor refinement, 100% of clinical cases with no significant increase in operative time. Preoperative planning took an average of 10 minutes.ConclusionThis technique for localizing the location of the initial retrosigmoid burr hole is a simple, safe, reliable, rapid, and inexpensive solution for surgeons who do not have regular access to neuronavigation.
A model‐based bone milling state identification method via force sensing for a robotic surgical system
Authors: Al‐Abdullah Kais I. , Lim Chee Peng , Najdovski Zoran , Yassin Wisam 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis paper presents a model‐based bone milling state identification method that provides intraoperative bone quality information during robotic bone milling. The method helps surgeons identify bone layer transitions during bone milling.MethodsOn the basis of a series of bone milling experiments with commercial artificial bones, an artificial neural network force model is developed to estimate the milling force of different bone densities as a function of the milling feed rate and spindle speed. The model estimations are used to identify the bone density at the cutting zone by comparing the actual milling force with the estimated one.ResultsThe verification experiments indicate the ability of the proposed method to distinguish between one cortical and two cancellous bone densities.ConclusionsThe significance of the proposed method is that it can be used to discriminate a set of different bone density layers for a range of the milling feed rate and spindle speed.
Concise Review: Canine Diabetes Mellitus as a Translational Model for Innovative Regenerative Medicine Approaches
Authors: Moshref Maryam , Tangey Bonnie , Gilor Chen , Papas Klearchos K. , Williamson Peter , Loomba-Albrecht Lindsey , Sheehy Paul , Kol Amir 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common spontaneous endocrine disorder in dogs, which is defined by persistent hyperglycemia and insulin deficiency. Like type 1 diabetes (T1D) in people, canine DM is a complex and multifactorial disease in which genomic and epigenomic factors interact with environmental cues to induce pancreatic β-cell loss and insulin deficiency, although the pathogenesis of canine DM is poorly defined and the role of autoimmunity is further controversial. Both diseases are incurable and require life-long exogenous insulin therapy to maintain glucose homeostasis. Human pancreatic islet physiology, size, and cellular composition is further mirrored by canine islets. Although pancreatic or isolated islets transplantation are the only clinically validated methods to achieve long-term normoglycemia and insulin independence, their availability does not meet the clinical need; they target a small portion of patients and have significant potential adverse effects. Therefore, providing a new source for β-cell replacement is an unmet need. Naturally occurring DM in pet dogs, as a translational platform, is an untapped resource for various regenerative medicine applications that may offer some unique advantages given dogs’ large size, longevity, heterogenic genetic background, similarity to human physiology and pathology, and long-term clinical management. In this review, we outline different strategies for curative approaches, animal models used, and consider the value of canine DM as a translational animal/disease model for T1D in people. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:450–455
Microwave‐Assisted One‐Pot [3+2] Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylides and 3‐Alkenyl Oxindoles: A Facile Approach to Pyrrolidine‐Fused Bis‐Spirooxindoles
Authors: Bhandari Sonal , Sana Sravani , Sridhar Balasubramanyam , Shankaraiah Nagula 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAn efficient microwave‐assisted one‐pot method has been developed for the construction of pyrrolidine fused bis‐spirooxindoles through insitu generated azomethine ylide from decarboxylative condensation of isatins and primary α‐amino acids with concomitant [3+2] cycloaddition of 3‐alkenyl oxindoles. These reactions were effectively accelerated by microwave irradiation in ethanol solvent without any additives or catalyst and enable broad substrate scope, atom‐economy, eco‐friendly, and good yields. The structure and stereochemistry of pyrrolidine fused bis‐spirooxindole ring was unambiguously established by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis.