bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studies on reconstruction of the Holy Cross wooden church in Wodzisław Śląski
Authors: Pocisk-Dobrowolski Jerzy 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Wooden churches used to commonly appear in Silesia through the past centuries. Their location was the result of local people’s needs and the accessibility of materials necessary to construct them. The form and the nature of those churches were the fruit of intermingling influences of various national cultures of the inhabitants of those areas, craftsmanship experience of various structure builders and depended on the extent of wealth of the cities, towns and villages they were erected in. Wodzisław Śląski was among the places with wooden sacred objects, in the 19th century, it was a small town with population consisting mainly of Poles, Germans and Jews.The Holy Cross wooden church was a hospital object. The church itself was situated on top of a low hill with a brook flowing in its direct vicinity. In the periods of heavy rainfalls, the rapid stream used to wash out the hill, thus, affecting the church foundations, directly contributing to deterioration of the structure’s technical condition. The critically bad condition of the church structure was the main reason for the decision to pull it down after 1826. Throughout the recent years, the growth of the local patriotism induced the interest in the town’s history and its historical panorama. Relatively few pieces of information on the church and no drawings thereof have been preserved. The archeological and architectural research revealed a lot of interesting facts related to the church and concerning its structure and its supposed non-typical form. A realistic method to satisfy the curiosity how the church looked like in the period of its splendor was the construction of its model based on the research and studies carried out, the very construction of the miniature model in progress being a test site verifying some suppositions about the church’s appearance. The model built was added to the exhibits of the Wodzisław Śląski Museum, becoming a contribution to the discussion on methods of the dissemination of information on the historical view of the town and including the research results in the papers concerning the future form and the panorama of modern Wodzisław Śląski.
Modeling of Water Quality Evolution with Advanced Hydroinformatic Tool. Study Case: Bega Channel Sector
Authors: Petrica Hausler-Cozma Dorian , Beilicci Erika , Beilicci Robert 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Water quality evolution modeling is very important to predict the changes in surface water quality for water resources and environmental management in the world. Worldwide, in the last decades, hundreds of surface water quality models have been developed. Water quality models based on advanced hydroinformatic tools are an efficient way to simulate and predict the pollutant transport in water courses, lakes and reservoirs, which can contribute to saving the cost of labors and materials for a large number of sampling and chemical experiments to determine the degree of pollution of water bodies. Surface water quality models are useful tools to simulate and predict the levels, distributions, and risks of chemical pollutants in a given water body, in different scenarios of pollution (point source, distributed source and accidentally pollution). The modeling results from these models are very important components of environmental impact assessment and can provide a basis and a technique support for specialists from the water resources and environmental management authorities to make the right decisions. For the case study, we use MIKE11 advanced hydroinformatic tool. MIKE11, part of the DHI software products, is a professional engineering software package for the simulation of flows, water quality and sediment transport in estuaries, rivers, irrigation systems, channels and other water bodies. MIKE11 is a user-friendly, fully dynamic, one-dimensional modeling tool for the detailed analysis, design, management and operation of both simple and complex river and channel systems. The used modules for modeling are Hydrodynamic Module and ECOLab module. The case study was realized on Bega channel sector (city of Timisoara – state border with Serbia), Timis county, Romania.
The impact of the cultural value on the seismic vulnerability of a historical building
Authors: Onescu I. , Onescu E. , Mosoarca M. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Romania is a country located in Eastern Europe. It has two important seismic areas, Vrancea and Banat. Vrancea seismic region is located close to the biggest city of Romania, Bucharest, which is also the capital, while Banat seismic area is located in the western part of the country. The most important city from the Banat area is Timisoara, which was also elected to be the European Capital of Culture 2021. Beside the general seismicity of the area, which is characterised by shallow earthquakes of crustal type, Timisoara city presents also two seismic faults that cross the western part of the city. The peak ground acceleration is considered to be ag=0.20g, while the maximum recorded magnitude was MW=5.6-5.8. The paper is a part of a larger research work which aims to assess the seismic vulnerability of the historical buildings in Timisoara city and their specific failure mechanisms, through both empirical simplified and mechanical numerical analysis. This study presents a new methodology that was previously proposed by the authors in their work and that considers also the influence of the cultural value in the process of assessing the seismic vulnerability. The consideration of the architectural, artistic, urbanistic and social elements can considerably influence the seismic vulnerability of a building. The highest the cultural value, the highest the need for rehabilitation work. The study is focused on one of the most important historical buildings of the city, Elite’s Palace, and compares the results of the empirical seismic vulnerability assessment with and without considering the cultural value. This kind of research could provide valuable information for the local authorities and could represent the base of a prioritization list for the future rehabilitation work.
Measurement and Interpretation Methodology for Determining Comfort in Passive Buildings and NZEB Buildings
Authors: Kowalska-Koczwara Alicja , Pachla Filip , Tatara Tadeusz , Fedorczak-Cisak Malgorzata 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The article contains good practise recommendations related to the proper performance of measurements of comfort in passive buildings. Passive building is a high-quality building due to impeccable construction in terms of building physics. The passive building is so well insulated that it can only be heated by supplying fresh ventilation air. Such buildings have certain features such as: balanced temperatures, there is no overheating of the rooms in summer due to the high insulation of the partitions, high insolation due to the optimal positioning of the windows, acoustic comfort, reducing pollution in the interior, high quality of thermal comfort, no aeration, high indoor air quality, permanent protection against moisture and fungiculation of partitions, etc. In all the features listed above, there was no vibration comfort, which could be a problem especially in the city centers with extensive transport infrastructure. This kind of comfort is mostly neglected during the design process, not only in the passive buildings. In this article comfort in passive buildings for all its aspects is described. The main emphasis in the article was put on the guidelines relating to the measurement of thermal comfort and measurements of vibration comfort. The recommendations contain all stages of the measurement process from the preparation of measurements with the local vision and the measurement plan, through the in-situ measurement to pre-processing and analysis of measurement data. All measurement stages are shown on the real example of passive building located in Poland. The good practise guidelines for comfort measurements could be very useful in the diagnosis of passive buildings and NZEB buildings.
Factors Affecting Compressive Strength Development in Alkali-activated Slag Concrete
Authors: Mohamed Osama , Khattab Rania , Alzo’ubi Abdel kareem 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Studies show that the production and use of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) is responsible for more than 5% of the global CO2 emission. Alkali-activated slag (AAS) has been studied for decades as potential alternative to OPC. Engineers are interested in understanding and quantifying the fresh properties, mechanical properties, and durability of concrete made used AAS as sole binder. This paper reviews some of the literature highlighting the factors affecting compressive strength development in AAS slag. These include water-binder-ratio, temperature, humidity, and amount of Na2O, molarity of the alkaline activator solution, and type of alkaline activator. For instance, certain studies reported that AAS concrete activated using sodium silicate solution (water-glass) produce higher 7-day and 28-day compressive strength compared to similar concrete that use 100% OPC, concrete activated using sodium hydroxide (NaOH), or concrete activated using potassium hydroxide (KOH). When NaOH is used as activator, mechanical properties of concrete improved with increase in molarity of the alkaline activator solution. Compressive strength of concrete cubes increases with increase in the amount of Na2O supplied by the activator solution but to an optimum beyond which further increase in Na2O results in decrease in compressive strength. However, the optimum amount of Na2O, often reported as percentage of total slag content, varied from one study to another, probably dependent on the type of activator used as well as the water-to-binder (w/b) ratio.
Numerical Analysis of RC Slab with opening strengthened with CFRP Laminates
Authors: Mohamed Osama , Khattab Rania , Okasha Nader 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Openings in reinforced concrete (RC) structural floor slabs are sometimes necessary created as a result of variations in architectural function or structural upgrades, amongst other reasons. Architecture reasons for making openings may include change-of-usage, or improvement of air circulation, and lighting. Openings in structural slabs may reduce their strength and stiffness or may transform the original failure mode of the slab to different failure patterns. In the past decades, externally bonded fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets have become popular to strengthen or rehabilitate RC structures for traditional force actions such as flexural, shear, or torsion. Strengthening and rehabilitation of beams, floor slabs, and columns may be necessary for seismic or non-seismic applications. This paper reports the results of numerical study to evaluate the effectiveness of strengthening of two-way RC floor slabs with openings, using carbon FRP (CFRP) composite sheets. Ten numerical models were created, consisting of a reference model with the slab having opening but not strengthened, and nine models with an opening and CFRP laminates applied to the tension side of the slab. The strengthening laminates varied in thickness and width. The results indicate that CFRP laminates can significantly enhance both the flexural capacity and overall stiffness of the floor slab containing openings. Increasing the thickness of CFRP laminates decreases the deflection of mid span. Load-deflection curves were generated, and ultimate load, and ductility index were discussed.
Impact Responses of the Highspeed Railway Track Slabs
Authors: Mlilo Nhlanganiso , Kaewunruen Sakdirat 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Impact loads pose a lot of hazards including causing severe damage to both railcars and rail track components, for example, cracking of slabs or sleepers. The impact loads can be as a result of several factors including flat spots on rail wheels attributed to the train braking, dipped rails, rail squats, corrugation, crossing transfers, etc. The impact loads are often over a short duration but of very high magnitude. For instance, the typical loading duration produced by wheel flats is about 1-10 milliseconds, while the force magnitude can be over 400 kN per rail seat. This paper highlights an investigation into the behaviour of a slab-track subjected to impact loading. A parametric study has been carried out using the finite element analysis software, Strand7, to investigate the behaviour of slab-track under the action of the impact loading conditions. This was done by analysing the ratio of maximum impact moment to maximum static force under varying slab support conditions. The outcome of this study will potentially lead to a better understanding and hence, the design of slab track systems in highspeed railway tracks subjected to the impact loading. Our study revealed that for a slab-track under the action of impact loading, the slab-track is more sensitive to changes in the support stiffness at midspan than at the rail seats and effects of increasing or reducing support stiffness are more significant at these locations.
Façade Art Glass in Three Contexts: Urban Landscape, Elevation of the Building and Its Interior
Authors: Lipowicz-Budzynska Alina 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The aim of this publication is to define the effect of façade art glass on the architectural space. The façade art glass – unlike stained glass – has a pronounced visual presence in three compositional structures of an architectural space: It is seen as part of the urban landscape, the form and façade of the building, as well as its interior. The dissertation describes the characteristics of each of these areas. The wide range of impact of monolithic art glass on the perception of the architectural space is connected not only with the application techniques, but mostly with the specific image structure, which dictates how double-sided layers are made that are seen both with the light shining at them and coming from behind them. This paper lists several strategies used to create double-sided layers. Monolithic art glass is a relatively new phenomenon, and its influence on the surroundings is still being discovered with each new project. An image put on glass becomes an integral part of the building it adorns and is key to a number of important aspects. As an artistic element, it affects how the building’s aesthetic values are seen – determining its’ expression, symbolism, nature and colour scheme – as well as becomes integrated into the façade. As a divider, it plays a part in the modification of the passing light, determining how the interior, and indirectly also the exterior, is seen.
The effect of aggregate composition on a bond between the steel reinforcement and the normal and high-performance concrete
Authors: Walach Daniel 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This paper is focused on verification and evaluation of the influence of the coarse aggregate size used in concrete mix composition on the bond properties between ribbed steel reinforcement and concrete. The mechanism of the bond between reinforcing steel and concrete is highly dependent on the mechanical properties of the concrete, such as its tensile strength or splitting, and on the intensity of the “aggregate interlock” phenomenon, which involves the interlocking of concrete particles in the ribbed spaces of the reinforcing steel. Given this, the aggregate composition used in the production of a concrete mix can have a significant role to play in the process of transferring loads from steel to concrete and the vice versa. As a part of the study, the bond and the compressive strength of specimens made of three high-performance concretes and two normal concretes. The research has shown that the choice of the aggregate composition used in the concrete mixture, depending on the type of ribbing of the main reinforcing bars, may increase the bond strength of the reinforcement to the concrete. Due to the different properties of HPC in relation to the NC, it can be assumed that the bond mechanism runs similarly in the concrete, while the individual phases of the bond failure may occur at different intensities and with the other ranges of displacement of the bar relative to the concrete.
Impurities of recycled concrete aggregate - types, origin and influence on the concrete strength parameters
Authors: Jaskowska-Lemanska Justyna 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Current development megatrends are aimed at finding a balance between the economy, social and environmental aspects. It is also required that the economic processes that are undertaken should be highly effective in these three dimensions. Both the finite amount of the natural resources and the need to manage the construction and demolition waste, while the constant demand for the concrete mix, makes it necessary to develop knowledge and practice in the field of concrete recycling. One of the main issues in the recovery of concrete aggregate is the presence of impurities. Aggregate treatment is a possible solution, but these are energy consuming and costly processes. Therefore, there is a need to estimate their impact on concrete parameters. Such knowledge is necessary for assessing the need for additional aggregate treatment processes. Harmful aggregate impurities are materials that hinder the curing of the concrete, reduce its strength and tightness, cause splinters, violate the anti-corrosion protection of reinforcement. The paper analyses the type of impurities in RCA, as well as its sources and their influence on the technical parameters of the concrete. Six concrete mixes with the same content of coarse aggregate and water-cement ratio were prepared for the research. The first mix contained only natural aggregates, while the second mix was replaced in half by recycled aggregates. In subsequent samples, the recycled aggregate in 5% by volume was successively replaced with: glass, brick, foamed polystyrene and a mixture of these impurities. Both impurities and the recycled aggregate were prepared in 2/8mm fractions. The obtained results were compared to the results presented in the literature.
The Influence of Nanosilica on Unconfined Compressive Strength of Frost-Susceptible Soil
Authors: Zieba Zofia , Garlikowski Daniel , Monka Jakub 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In engineering practice there are numerous methods to improve the mechanical properties of subsoil. The paper presents the analysis of changes in the unconfined compressive strength of frost-susceptible soils stabilised with nanosilica (NS). Tests were conducted on samples of fine-grained soil at the maximum dry density (MDD) and optimum moisture content (OMC). Four variants of samples were prepared: soil without additive, soil with 1% NS, soil with 3% NS and soil with 5% NS. Due to the frost-susceptible character of the soil, tests were conducted on non-frozen samples and on samples subjected to ten cycles of freezing and thawing. Cyclic freezing and thawing of soil mixtures allowed for determination of the additive effectiveness in the temperature conditions encountered during the winter season. Based on the research results of unfrozen samples, it was determined that the addition of nanosilica leads to the increase in their unconfined compressive strength. On the other hand, the strength of pure soil samples after ten cycles of freezing and thawing decreased. This is a commonly known trend that results from the soil and soil mixtures freezing. However, in the same conditions, the unconfined compressive strength of samples stabilised with nanosilica demonstrated a significant increase with the increase of the additive content. The highest values were noted for samples stabilised with 5% addition of nanosilica. In order to explain the obtained results, further tests are required. However, the preliminary research has shown the effectiveness of nanosilica as an independent additive stabilising frost-susceptible soils, although it is not commonly used in engineering practice.
Designing of Buildings in the aspect of prediction of people from traffic included vibrations
Authors: Koziol Krzysztof 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Newly designed buildings must meet conditions regarding the limit states of strength and serviceability. These conditions must be fulfilled in case of static load, dynamic load as well as both of them at the same time. Bearing in mind that the current sources of vibrations are located closer and closer to the neighborhood of inhabited buildings, particular attention should be paid to this issue. The mentioned problem of vibrations is even more important as it can concern loads (sources of vibrations) as well as buildings that are both existing and designed. It should, therefore, be considered - depending on the existence stage of the dynamic load and the building - four possible cases of analyzed problem. These are diagnosis, diagnosis with prognosis, designing and designing with diagnosis. The study describes methods of how to include in the design and protection of buildings the impact of traffic-induced vibrations on people staying at the facility. The criteria for assessing dynamic influences on people (as it is presented in codes) are specified. Particular attention was paid to the situation when we dealt with an existing road (vibration source) and designed a building. In this case, we are able to determine (by measuring in situ) parameters of kinematic excitation and then affect the FEM model of planned building to meet its dynamic parameters criteria’s imposed during assessing of the impact of vibrations on people. The paper presents a calculation example of the building, which location is planned 12 m from the national road. Possible various technical conditions of the road surface including damaged surface and its permissible by national code unevenness that may occur in the surface course were considered. As a criterion for admission selected building to the operational state the provisions contained in the PN/B-02171:2017 Evaluation of the vibration influence on people in buildings were used. Since the main factors determining the fulfillment of the code requirements were the vertical accelerations during the analysis, author focused on choosing the appropriate thickness of slabs.
Optimization of green roof processes
Authors: Korol Elena , Shushunova Natalia , Gorbachevskii Valentin 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This research is devoted to the optimization processes of installation of the green roof systems in combination with the Building Information Model (BIM) technologies used in the engineering design of such systems. There is a decision of such models which contained the most optimal parameters for the cost and time of the construction processes. The aim of our study is to explore the potential of a patented green roof technology for the residential and office buildings. The modular green roof system is the upper roof structure, technically advanced design solution of roofing, with innovative technological multifunctional advantages and the ability to integrate devices that convert solar and wind energy - solar panels and wind turbines. This technique has proved to be highly effective in reducing the nutrient load in a runoff, controlling watering over a period of time.