bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Additive and interactive effects of pollination and biological pest control on crop yield
Authors: Gagic Vesna , Marcora Anna , Howie Lynita 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Insect pollination and biological pest control simultaneously influence crop yield, but are often investigated individually. This can lead to under‐ or over‐estimation of the importance of individual services when they interact to affect yield. Recent, limited evidence from field studies showed contrasting results with both additive and non‐additive positive and negative effects.

To disentangle the mechanisms underlying these responses, we conducted a greenhouse experiment and a field study. We tested the potential and realized contribution of insect pollination to cotton boll retention and yield under various pest pressures and biocontrol levels.

We found both additive and interactive effects of insect pollination and biocontrol within a single crop system depending on the level of pest pressure. In the greenhouse experiment, pollination did not contribute to cotton boll retention and final yield at low pest pressure. At high pest abundances, boll retention and final yield were higher when pollinators were present. In the field study, pollination was sufficient to alter the negative effect of pests on boll retention. Thus, interactive effect between the two ecosystem services on boll retention was present at high pest pressure in the greenhouse and at natural levels of pest pressure in the field, but not at lower pest abundances in controlled conditions.

Although cotton plants partly compensated for bolls shedding by increasing their weight in the greenhouse experiment, this effect was not detected in the field study, likely due to higher environmental variation. Similarly, interactive effect of pollination and biocontrol on the final yield was present only in the greenhouse study.

Synthesis and applications. We conclude that the contrasting findings of additive versus non‐additive effects between ecosystem services may be due to the levels of services and disservices tested and environmental variation. Further, this study shows that even when an ecosystem service does not appear to limit crop yield, it can make a substantial contribution to yield and act as insurance when the other service is reduced. For achieving food and fibre security, it is essential that future studies test interactive effects between these ecosystem services in different systems and environmental conditions.
Importance of Professional Networks in Trade: Evidence from Real Estate Market
Authors: Xie Jia 
Published: July 2019

AbstractReal estate agents often search randomly or navigate through local network to find trading partners. This article estimates the importance of network‐based searches relative to random searches by fitting Jackson–Rogers' model to the multiple listing service data for a major Midwestern city in the United States. We find that 35%–55% of trades are made through network‐based searches. Moreover, agents rely mainly on random searches at early stage of career, but more on network‐based searches after having many trades. On average, a real estate agent trades with 1 out of every 5–10 agents she finds through searches.
Deroofing mit anschließender sorgfältiger Sinustrakt‐Exzision: ein modifizierter chirurgischer Ansatz bei Hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: Dahmen Robert Artur , Gkalpakiotis Spyridon , Mardesicova Libuse , Arenberger Petr , Arenbergerova Monika 
Published: July 2019

ZusammenfassungHintergrund und ZieleDie Abdeckelung (Deroofing) hat sich als eine effektive Methode zur Behandlung leichter bis mittelschwerer Hidradenitis suppurativa erwiesen (HS). Das Standardverfahren umfasst die Entfernung des Sinusdachs, gefolgt von sekundärer Wundheilung, wobei in der Regel fibröses Gewebe in situ verbleibt. Wir haben versucht, ein modifiziertes Deroofing einzuführen, bei dem die akribische Entfernung des fibrösen Gewebes bei Patienten mit mittelschwerer bis schwerer HS zu einer niedrigeren Rezidivrate führt.Patienten und MethodikIn einer offenen prospektiven Studie wurden 96 Läsionen von 52 konsekutiven Patienten mit mittelschwerer bis schwerer HS durch ein Deroofing behandelt. Die Patienten wurden mindestens 28 Monate lang nachbeobachtet.ErgebnisseRezidive traten nach einem medianen Zeitraum von 2,3 Monaten an 14 % der Operationssitus auf. Die Rezidive betrafen folgende Körperregionen: 6 % die Axilla und 25 % den Inguinalbereich. Die einzigen bedeutsamen Komplikationen waren postoperative Blutungen, die an 7 % der behandelten Stellen auftraten. Sieben Patienten gingen der Auswertung verloren.SchlussfolgerungEin modifiziertes Deroofing, gefolgt von einer gründlichen Entfernung des Sinustrakts, ist ein chirurgischer Ansatz, der sich für Patienten mit mittelschwerer Erkrankung insbesondere der Axillarregion eignet. Das Verfahren führt bei einer dem konventionellen Deroofing vergleichbaren Heilungsdauer zu einer niedrigen Rezidivrate.
Outcomes from an international multicenter registry of patients with acute gastrointestinal bleeding undergoing endoscopic treatment with Hemospray
Authors: Alzoubaidi Durayd , Hussein Mohamed , Rusu Radu , Napier Duncan , Dixon Selena , Rey Johannes W. , Steinheber Cora , Jameie‐Oskooei Sina , Dahan Martin , Hayee Bu , Gulati Shraddha , Despott Edward , Murino Alberto , Subramaniam Sharmila , Moreea Sulleman , Boger Phil , Hu Maxworth , Duarte Patricia , Dunn Jason , Mainie Inder , McGoran John , Graham David , Anderson John , Bhandari Pradeep , Goetz Martin , Kiesslich Ralf , Coron Emmanuel , Lovat Laurence , Haidry Rehan 
Published: July 2019

Background and AimAcute gastrointestinal bleeding carries poor outcomes unless prompt endoscopic hemostasis is achieved. Mortality in these patients remains significant. Hemospray is a novel intervention that creates a mechanical barrier over bleeding sites. We report the largest dataset of patient outcomes after treatment with Hemospray from an international multicenter registry.Patients and MethodsProspective data (Jan 2016–May 2018) from 12 centers across Europe were collected. Immediate hemostasis was defined as endoscopic cessation of bleeding within 5 min after application of Hemospray. Rebleeding was defined as subsequent drop in hemoglobin, hematemesis, persistent melena with hemodynamic compromise post‐therapy.ResultsThree hundred and fourteen cases were recruited worldwide (231 males, 83 females). Median pretreatment Blatchford score was 11 (IQR: 8–14) and median complete Rockall score (RS) was 7 (IQR: 6–8) for all patients. Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) was the most common pathology (167/314 = 53%) and Forrest Ib the most common bleed type in PUD (100/167 = 60%). 281 patients (89.5%) achieved immediate hemostasis after successful endoscopic therapy with Hemospray. Rebleeding occurred in 29 (10.3%) of the 281 patients who achieved immediate hemostasis. Seven‐day and 30‐day all‐cause mortality were 11.5% (36/314) and 20.1% (63/314), respectively (lower than the predicted rates as per the RS). Similar hemostasis rates were noted in the Hemospray monotherapy (92.4%), combination therapy (88.7%) and rescue therapy (85.5%) groups.ConclusionsThese data show high rates of immediate hemostasis overall and in all subgroups. Rebleeding and mortality rates were in keeping/lower than predicted rates.
The association between diabetes medication and weight change in a non‐surgical weight management intervention: an intervention cohort study
Authors: Aldekhail N. M. , Morrison D. S. , Khojah H. , Sloan B. , McLoone P. , MacNaughton S. , Shearer R. , Logue J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimTo compare weight change in a lifestyle‐based weight management programme between participants taking weight‐gaining, weight‐neutral/loss and mixed diabetes medications.MethodsElectronic health records for individuals (≥ 18 years) with Type 2 diabetes who had been referred to a non‐surgical weight management programme between February 2008 and May 2014 were studied. Diabetes medications were classified into three categories based on their effect on body weight. In this intervention cohort study, weight change was calculated for participants attending two or more sessions.ResultsAll 998 individuals who took oral diabetes medications and attended two or more sessions of weight management were included. Some 59.5% of participants were women, and participants had a mean BMI of 41.1 kg/m2 (women) and 40.2 kg/m2 (men). Of the diabetes medication combinations prescribed, 46.0% were weight‐neutral/loss, 41.3% mixed and 12.7% weight‐gaining. The mean weight change for participants on weight‐gaining and weight‐neutral/loss diabetes medications respectively was −2.5 kg [95% confidence interval (CI) −3.2 to −1.8) and −3.3 kg (95% CI −3.8 to −2.9) (P = 0.05) for those attending two or more sessions (n = 998). Compared with those prescribed weight‐neutral medications, participants prescribed weight‐gaining medication lost 0.86 kg less (95% CI 0.02 to 1.7; P = 0.045) in a model adjusted for age, sex, BMI and socio‐economic status.ConclusionsParticipants on weight‐neutral/loss diabetes medications had a greater absolute weight loss within a weight management intervention compared with those on weight‐gaining medications. Diabetes medications should be reviewed ahead of planned weight‐loss interventions to help ensure maximal effectiveness of the intervention.
The influence of ontogeny and prey abundance on feeding ecology of age‐0 Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) in southeastern Lake Michigan
Authors: Pothoven Steven A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA shift towards oligotrophic conditions in Lake Michigan has led to concern that altered trophic pathways are leading to lower early life survival and recruitment for Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis). This study evaluated ontogenetic shifts in age‐0 Lake Whitefish diets and evaluated how feeding ecology and the amount of food eaten varied with prey abundance and composition at a site in southeastern Lake Michigan during 2014–2017. Although prey densities varied among years, cyclopoid copepods were overall the most abundant prey available. In turn, cyclopoids were the predominant prey item in diets each year, particularly for the smallest larval Lake Whitefish. However, there was a tendency for the importance of cyclopoids to decline somewhat in each diet index as fish grew and other prey such as calanoid copepods, Bosminidae, Daphniidae and/or chironomids increased in importance. High zooplankton abundance, especially high cyclopoid abundance, available to the small size groups of Lake Whitefish (<21 mm) in 2014 was associated with high food mass/fish, high number of zooplankton eaten/fish, and low incidence of empty stomachs compared with 2015–2017. As fish grew, the impact of food abundance on prey consumption diminished somewhat, indicating that the relationship between fish feeding ecology and the prey environment can change quickly with fish size during the early life period.
Impact of microwave disinfestation treatments on the bacterial communities of no‐till agricultural soils
Authors: Khan Muhammad J. , Jurburg Stephanie D. , He Jizheng , Brodie Graham , Gupta Dorin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGrowing herbicide resistance has encouraged the development of new technologies for weed control. Microwave (MW) heating of soil before sowing has been shown to reduce weed establishment in no‐till farming systems and substantially increases crop productivity. However, the effect of this technology on the soil microbial community in general, and on beneficial soil microbes such as ammonia oxidizers in particular, warrants further study. In order to check the effect of MW soil disinfestation treatments on the soil biota, indigenous soil microcosms were treated under a horn antenna of the MW prototype for three distinct durations. Immediately after heating (T0) and 28 days after heating (T28) the soil was collected at two penetration depths (0–5 and 5–10 cm) of MW energy to determine the bacterial community responses based on 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and the total abundances of bacteria and ammonia oxidisers with qPCR. Although total bacteria and ammonia oxidizer abundances exhibited no response to the MW treatments, bacterial community composition differed according to the treatment durations. Community responses clustered into two categories: no effect at low heating intensities (0 and 30 s, 17–45°C) and strong effect at high heating intensities (60 and 90 s, 65–78°C). For the latter group, community richness did not recover to its pre‐heating levels within the 4 weeks studied. Immediately after high heating intensity treatments, the relative abundance of Firmicutes increased and that of Proteobacteria decreased significantly regardless of penetration depth. The relative abundances of beneficial soil microbes (Micromonosporaceae, Kaistobacter and Bacillus) were significantly higher as soils recovered from high heating intensities compared with untreated soils at T28. Our findings suggest that although pre‐sowing MW treatments alter the soil microbial community, beneficial soil microbes exhibit faster recovery.Highlights
High heating intensities reduced bacterial community richness that did not recover to pre‐heating condition.
Heat resistant bacterial taxa survived high heating intensities < 28 days after heating regardless of penetration depth.
High‐intensity heating did not induce a negative impact on the abundance of ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria and archaea.
Relative abundances of dormant heat‐resistant beneficial taxa exhibited recovery after 28 d.
Realizing the potential of trait‐based approaches to advance fisheries science
Authors: Barnett Lewis A. K. , Jacobsen Nis S. , Thorson James T. , Cope Jason M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAnalysing how fish populations and their ecological communities respond to perturbations such as fishing and environmental variation is crucial to fisheries science. Researchers often predict fish population dynamics using species‐level life‐history parameters that are treated as fixed over time, while ignoring the impact of intraspecific variation on ecosystem dynamics. However, there is increasing recognition of the need to include processes operating at ecosystem levels (changes in drivers of productivity) while also accounting for variation over space, time and among individuals. To address similar challenges, community ecologists studying plants, insects and other taxa increasingly measure phenotypic characteristics of individual animals that affect fitness or ecological function (termed “functional traits”). Here, we review the history of trait‐based methods in fish and other taxa, and argue that fisheries science could see benefits by integrating trait‐based approaches within existing fisheries analyses. We argue that measuring and modelling functional traits can improve estimates of population and community dynamics, and rapidly detect responses to fishing and environmental drivers. We support this claim using three concrete examples: how trait‐based approaches could account for time‐varying parameters in population models; improve fisheries management and harvest control rules; and inform size‐based models of marine communities. We then present a step‐by‐step primer for how trait‐based methods could be adapted to complement existing models and analyses in fisheries science. Finally, we call for the creation and expansion of publicly available trait databases to facilitate adapting trait‐based methods in fisheries science, to complement existing public databases of life‐history parameters for marine organisms.
Negotiating the platform pivot: From participatory digital ecosystems to infrastructures of everyday life
Authors: Barns Sarah 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe influence of global digital platforms today has brought attention to their growing significance as critical infrastructures of urban societies. This paper addresses the different ways that platforms are coming into focus, evidenced by growing literatures on platform capitalism, the platform society, platform surveillance, and platform urbanism. Navigating this platform pivot, I discuss the way platform influence is predominantly linked to processes of data‐driven commodification and value extraction, as demonstrated by the global growth of major platforms such as Google, Facebook, Uber, and Amazon. But at the level of the everyday, platform influence also shapes socio‐spatial experience through intentional design tactics designed to facilitate highly participatory ecosystems of interaction. I argue that by instituting relational dynamics between code, commerce, and corporeality, platforms remediate the “technological everyday” in powerful ways. This perspective points to the need for diverse epistemologies through which to critically reflect on the geographical implications of this pivot towards platforms.
Improved solubility of banana starch by dielectric barrier discharge plasma treatment
Authors: Yan Si‐Liang , Chen Gui‐Yun , Hou Ya‐Jie , Chen Ye 
Published: July 2019

SummaryA novel technology for banana starch modification has been developed using dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma, and the effect of DBD plasma treatment on the solubility and pasting behaviours of banana starch were evaluated. The solubility of treated starch significantly increased from 1.35 to 15.05 g 100 g−1 at 55 °C as the treatment intensity increased. Rapid viscosity analyser examination showed a dramatic change in the pasting behaviours of modified starch, and the peak viscosity decreased from 5242.0 to 153.0 (cP) as the treatment intensity increased. Evidence of nonpenetrative damage caused by plasma etching was shown by scanning electron microscope micrographs. The results of X‐ray diffraction and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy analyses indicated that the DBD treatment changed the granular structure of banana starch.
Binge Drinking Among Older Adults in the United States, 2015 to 2017
Authors: Han Benjamin H. , Moore Alison A. , Ferris Rosie , Palamar Joseph J. 
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVESBinge drinking is a risk factor for a range of harms. This study estimates the national prevalence of binge drinking and adds to our understanding of correlates of binge drinking among older adults in the United States.DESIGNCross‐sectional analysis.SETTING/PARTICIPANTSA total of 10 927 adults, aged 65 years or older, from the 2015 to 2017 administrations of the US National Survey on Drug Use and Health.MEASUREMENTSWe estimated the prevalence of past‐month binge alcohol use (five or more drinks on the same occasion for men and four or more drinks on the same occasion for women). Characteristics of past‐month binge drinkers, including demographics, substance use, serious mental illness, mental health treatment utilization, chronic disease, and emergency department (ED) use, were compared to participants who reported past‐month alcohol use without binge drinking. Comparisons were made using χ2 tests. We then used multivariable generalized linear models using Poisson and log link to examine the association between covariates and binge drinking among all past‐month alcohol users aged 65 years or older.RESULTSOf 10 927 respondents, 10.6% (95% CI = 9.9%‐11.2%) were estimated to be current binge drinkers. Binge drinkers were more likely to be male, have a higher prevalence of current tobacco and/or cannabis use, and have a lower prevalence of two or more chronic diseases compared to nonbinge drinkers. In multivariable analysis, among past‐month alcohol users, the prevalence of binge drinking was higher among non‐Hispanic African Americans than whites (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 1.44; 95% CI = 1.16‐1.80), tobacco users (aPR = 1.52; 95% CI = 1.33‐1.74), cannabis users (aPR = 1.41; 95% CI = 1.11‐1.80), and those who visited the ED in the past year (aPR = 1.16; 95% CI = 1.00‐1.33).CONCLUSIONOver a tenth of older adults in the United States are estimated to be current binge drinkers. Results confirm the importance of screening for binge drinking behaviors among older adults to minimize harms. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:2139–2144, 2019
The ubiquitin‐proteasome system in plant responses to environments
Authors: Xu Fa‐Qing , Xue Hong‐Wei 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe ubiquitin‐proteasome system (UPS) is a rapid regulatory mechanism for selective protein degradation in plants and plays crucial roles in growth and development. There is increasing evidence that the UPS is also an integral part of plant adaptation to environmental stress, such as drought, salinity, cold, nutrient deprivation and pathogens. This review focuses on recent studies illustrating the important functions of the UPS components E2s, E3s and subunits of the proteasome and describes the regulation of proteasome activity during plant responses to environment stimuli. The future research hotspots and the potential for utilization of the UPS to improve plant tolerance to stress are discussed.
Ethnoontology: Ways of world‐building across cultures
Authors: Ludwig David , Weiskopf Daniel A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article outlines a program of ethnoontology that brings together empirical research in the ethnosciences with ontological debates in philosophy. First, we survey empirical evidence from heterogeneous cultural contexts and disciplines. Second, we propose a model of cross‐cultural relations between ontologies beyond a simple divide between universalist and relativist models. Third, we argue for an integrative model of ontology building that synthesizes insights from different fields such as biological taxonomy, cognitive science, cultural anthropology, and political ecology. We conclude by arguing that a program of ethnoontology provides philosophers both with insights about traditional issues such as debates about natural kinds and with novel strategies for connecting philosophy with pressing global issues such as the conservation of local environments and the self‐determination of Indigenous communities.
Exact Analysis of Mode-III Cohesive Fracture of a Cylindrical Bar in Torsion
Authors: Song Yueming , Levy Alan J. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The mechanics of mode-III defect initiation and quasi-static growth is examined by analyzing a torqued cylindrical bar separated at its midsection by a nonuniform, nonlinear cohesive interface. The exact analysis is based on the elasticity solution to the problem of a cylinder subjected to nonuniform shear traction at one end and an equilibrating torque at the other. The formulation leads to a pair of interfacial integral equations governing the relative rigid body rotation and the interfacial separation field. The cohesive interface is assumed to be modeled by three Needleman-type traction–separation relations characterized by a shear strength, a characteristic force length and, depending on the specific law, other parameters. Axisymmetric penny, edge, and annular interface defects are modeled by a strength function which varies with radial interface coordinate. Infinitesimal strain equilibrium solutions are sought by eigenfunction approximation of the solution of the governing interfacial integral equations. Results show that for increasing remote torque, at small values of force length, brittle behavior occurs that corresponds to sharp crack growth. At larger values of force length, ductile response occurs similar to a linear “spring” interface. Both behaviors ultimately give rise to the failure of the interface. Results for the stiff, strong interface under a small applied torque show excellent agreement with the static fracture mechanics solution of Benthem and Koiter (1973, “Asymptotic Approximations to Crack Problems,” Mechanics of Fracture, Vol. 1, G.C. Sih, ed., Noordhoff, Leyden, pp. 131–178) for the edge cracked, torsionally loaded cylindrical bar. Extensions of the theory are carried out for (i) the bi-cylinder problem and (ii) the decohesive, frictional interface problem.