bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mycorrhizal colonization of indigenous tropical tree species grown in peat swamp forests of Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Turjaman M , Herdyantara B , Faulina S A , Agustini L , Irianto R S B , Hidayat A , Wahno I , Murdani  , Tjahyono B , Indrayadi H 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The restoration of peat swamp forests in Sumatra island has become Indonesian government’s priority to restore ecological functions and their utilization. Indigenous. However, little information is available on the status of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in Sumatera. The objective of this research was to know AM fungi colonization in indigenous of tropical peat swamp forests. Root samples of 28 tree species in 14 families grown in a peat swamp forest of Jambi, Riau, and South Sumatera. All soil and tree roots were grown in zeolite media and trapped in Pueraria javanica and Shorgum bicolor as host plants for four months in a green house. Roots were stained with 0.1% trypan blue and vesicles, arbuscles and internal hyphae of AM fungi observed under a compound microscope. The results have shown that 20 tree species (72%) were colonized by AM fungi, 4 tree species of the dipterocarps family (14%) were colonized by ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECM), and four other tree species (14%) did not find FMA or ECM colonization. It is suggested that utilization of mycorrhizas can increase early growth of some tree species grown in peat swamp forests and mycorrhizal application will be expected as a key technology to restore degraded peatlands.
The application of Klebsiella sp. and Rhizobium radiobacter as biofertilizer and Palm Oil Mills Effluent (POME) as organic fertilizer on growth of Paraserianthes falcataria
Authors: Suliasih  , Widawati S 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The Bio and organic fertilizers are cheap and environmentally friendly source of plant nutrients for agricultural yields and environmental quality improvement. The study aimed to evaluate the application of biofertilizer and Palm oil mills effluent (POME) either singly or in combination on growth of Paraserianthes falcataria under greenhouse condition. The study was laid out in factorial based Completely Randomized Design (CRD) design which was comprised of biofertilizer treatments (Control without bacteria, Klebsiella sp, Rhizobium radiobacter, Klebsiella sp + Rhizobium radiobacter) and five concentrations of POME treatments (0%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 100%) with 3 replicates for each treatment. The results revealed that inoculation with biofertilizer treatments along with POME significantly enhanced plant growth parameters, soil available P, soil phosphatase activity and soil bacterial population. Combination of Rhizobium radiobacter and POME 50% induced the highest increase of shoot length (10.17 ± 0.83cm), root length (28.67±0.88cm), shoot dry weight (0.48± 0.006g), and root dry weight (0.25±0.013g). The highest soil phosphatase activity was obtained in the combination Klebsiella sp. and POME 25% treated soil. The application of Rhizobium radiobacter along with POME at 10% and 25% concentrations reached its highest level of soluble soil P (4.07 ppm) and soil bacterial population (48.33 107 cfu/g of soil) respectively.
Application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in combination with nitrogen fixing bacteria and other potential soil microbes as biofertilizer for soybean plant
Authors: Sukiman H , Lekatompessy S , Widowati T , Simarmata R 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The use of mycorrhizae as phosphate solubilizing fungus has been known since decade. Mycorrhizae could promote the growth of almost all species of plants. Biofertilizer product based on mycorrhizae fungus has been produced commercialization and easily found in the market. This study was aimed to understand the positive effect of mycorrhizae inoculation when it mixed with other microbes especially nitrogen fixing bacteria and growth hormone production bacteria. An experiment was set up at green house to run the activities of microbes inoculation on soybean plants. Soybean was mainly used for testing the potential of soil microbes since the target of the experiment is increasing the production of soybean seed and decreasing the used of chemical fertilizer. The result of this study showed that multi strains inoculation was better that single inoculation. Single mycorrhizae inoculation produced slightly higher number of pods. However when the mycorrhizae was combining with other potential microbes the number of pods produced by the plants even significantly higher than only single inoculation. Updating the quality of biofertilizer is needed by including the biodiversity of soil microbes to gain the promotion of green farming program.
Distribution and population abundance of greenhouse whitefly Bemisia tabaci Genn (Hemiptera:Aleyrodidae) on Chrysanthemum
Authors: Hutapea D , Rahardjo I B , Yanda R P , Diningsih E 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Bemisia tabaci Genn. (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is a serious worldwide pest of greenhouse crops on horticultural commodities, especially in chrysanthemum. Besides being able to affect the plant vigor and reduce the quality of chrysanthemums, B. tabaci also transmits the plant virus. This study aims to determine the distribution and abundance of whitefly populations in six chrysanthemum cultivars (Sazeta, Nameswari, Cayapati, Yulimar, Kusuma Patria and Sabia) under glasshouse conditions. Numbers of whitefly adults, eggs, nymphs and pupa were observed every one week from the underside of the young, mature and old leaves. The total mean numbers of adults, eggs, nymphs and pupa were tested using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test at p <0.05. Our results showed that the population distribution of B. tabaci adults in six chrysanthemum cultivars was higher in young leaves than mature and old leaves. Number of eggs and nymphs were higher in mature and old leaves. Whitefly abundance (adults, eggs, nymphs and pupa) on chrysanthemums cultivar Sabia were the highest, implies that there is a need search for appropriate control strategy so that the yield losses of chrysanthemum can be reduced.
Scanning electron microscope observations of Gongylonema neoplasticum and Heterakis spumosa, nematode parasites of an endemic murine rodent from Sulawesi
Authors: Dewi K. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Sulawesi has unique mammalian fauna with high level of endemism. One of the endemic fauna in Sulawesi is Bunomys chrysocomus (Rodentia: Muridae). This study aimed to observed the nematode species parasitizing B. chrysocomus by using scanning electron microscope. Based on the observation nematodes obtained from gastric mucosa was Gongylonema neoplasticum Fibiger and Ditlevsen, 1914, while from the caecum was Heterakis spumosa Schneider, 1866. Both nematodes are cosmopolite nematodes which have wide host range and worldwide distribution. The detail morphology and taxonomic status of both nematodes from B. chrysocomus of Sulawesi will be presented here.
Observations of behavioral development on common Porcupines (Hystrix brachyura) undergoing domestication
Authors: Farida W R , Sari A P , Inayah N , Nugroho H A 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Common porcupine (Hystrix brachyura) is one of the protected mammals in Indonesia. The existence of this species is threatened due to habitat destruction and uncontrolled poaching. In order to maintain the sustainability of porcupine from extinction, the rescue is through captive breeding (ex situ conservation). The process of domestication of porcupine begins with observing the development of its behavior, making it easier to manage in captivity. The aim of the study was to determine the development of porcupine behavior related to the domestication process in captivity. The materials used were four porcupines (two males and two females) around 18 months old and a female porcupine and a young. Each pair of porcupines is placed inside an individual cage (3.9 m long, 2.1 m wide, and 2.6 m high), which has been equipped with a place to feed and drink. The parameters observed were eating and drinking activities, locomotion, resting, eliminative (urinating and defecating), grooming, and agonistic. Whereas the female porcupine and a young observed maternal porcupine care for the young. The observation method is based on one-zero sampling. Observations began at 6:00 a.m. - 6:00 p.m. with a time interval of 15 minutes. The results showed that daily activity of porcupines included 52.01% resting, 19.95% locomotion, 12.73% grooming, 10.05% feeding, 2.95% agonistic, 1.74% urinating, 0.39% drinking, and 0.18% defecating. Porcupine parental activity in the lactation period is breastfeeding (49.26%), cleansing the young’s body (36.16%), teaching grooming (5.71%), teaching opening the cage door (4.10%), teaching meal (2.89%), and agonistic (1.88%).
Ex situ Conservation of Diospyros spp. (Ebenaceae) in the Bogor Botanic Gardens, Indonesia
Authors: Wanda I F , peniwidiyanti  , Oksari A A 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Diospyros spp. is one of the genera of the Ebenaceae that has the highest distribution in tropical Asia and Africa. The high rate of deforestation in the tropics, so we need for preservation of species in conservation ex-situ at the Botanical Gardens. Research on the basic information and potential of Diospyros spp., the collection of the Bogor Botanical Gardens has been carried out through direct observation of all the Gardens’ Diospyros collections, both in the field and in the nursery. The results obtained as many as 32 species of Diospyros spp. which have been collected with the most specimens of the species Diospyros celebica, D. buxifolia, and D. maritima. Meanwhile, the source collection Diospyros spp. mostly from Sulawesi. The general potential of Diospyros spp. used as a valuable timber (ebony) and edible fruit.
The Effect of PVA and PEG Infusion on Titania Antibacterial Coating
Authors: Margaretta D O , Permadi K W , Rahman D Y , Utami F D , Viridi S , Abdullah M 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Indonesia has great potential of the Solar energy, irradiated by the Sun throughout the years. Cotton textiles antibacterial has been prepared by coating Titania (TiO2) with Polyethylene glycol (PEG) and Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as adhesives. The method of depositing cotton using a simple dip coating. Cotton dry for 15 minutes with a halogen lamp, after the deposition process. Then, we do the antibacterial activity test using Plate Count Method. As a result, the coated cotton textiles with Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), Polyethylene glycol (PEG) has antibacterial properties. Characterization by the Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) obtained that Titania (TiO2) surely adhere on the sample. From Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) characterization we conclude that Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is not affecting the antibacterial ability of Titania (TiO2). But the infusion of Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and Polyethylene glycol (PEG) on Cotton increases the stiffness value of Cotton.
Agent-based Model and its Potential in Simulating Some Physical Systems
Authors: Viridi S , Haryanto F 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Agent-based model (ABM) is very flexible in defining types of interaction between agents including non-physical ones, which can be used to simulate social interaction, economy, until city development. Only our abstraction in defining the interactions is the limitation. For a physical system, an agent can be considered as a particle and interaction between them is simply the interaction force, e.g. nuclear force between nucleons, electrostatic force between ions, gravitation force between asteroids, and contact force between granular particles. In this work, simple rule for the interaction between particle is proposed and several materials phases such as solid, liquid, gas, and granular can be obtained, but only qualitatively.
Synthesis and Characterization of Hydroxyapatite-Zinc Oxide (HAp-ZnO) as Antibacterial Biomaterial
Authors: Charlena  , Suparto Irma Herawati , Kurniawan Eldora 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is an important biomaterial widely used as implants for bone and teeth. Biomaterial with antibacterial activities beneficial to prevent infection post implantation. Therefore, the present study aims to synthesized and characterized HAp composite with zinc oxide (ZnO) that has antibacterial properties. The HAp was synthesized through wet precipitation method using shell of Bellamya javanica as source of calcium. The zinc oxide was added with HAp using in situ method. The crystallinity of the material was decreased after added with ZnO which indicate Zn ion suppressed the crystal growth. Antibacterial abilities were tested against Eschericia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Inhibition against bacteria increased when the HAp was composited with ZnO. The HAp-ZnO composite showed better inhibition toward Escherichia coli.
Flexural Property and Water Content of Unidirectional Polypropylene/Subang Pineapple Leaf Fiber Composites
Authors: Nugraha A , Juwono A L 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The development of natural fiber reinforced composite research has shown significant results. Pineapple leaf fiber reinforced composites for non-structural application provide added value for Subang pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) waste. This study aimed to observe flexural strength, water absorption and desorption of composites which referred to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) for composite board. Alkali treatment on Subang PALF was performed to improve the interface bonding between PALF with polypropylene (PP), in which the PALF was soaked in 5% NaOH solution for 24 hours. Treated PALF and PP sheets were fabricated using compression molding (hot press) technique with the variation of fiber fraction to polypropylene were 20 wt%, 30 wt% and 40 wt%. Flexural property, desorption and absorption water tests were conducted on PP and PP/PALF composites, and Optical Microscope (OM) observation was performed on the surfaces after the flexural test was conducted. The highest flexural strength and flexural modulus were (4.89 ± 0.37) MPa and (1.13 ± 0.43) Mpa respectively, these values shown an increased respectively by 153,37% compared to the pure PP. Then the desorption and the absorption water tests-were (1.08 ± 0,12) % and (8,83 ± 3,35) % respectively. The morphology of flexural tested composites indicated that matrix failure; and it showed that there was a strong interface bonding between the fiber and matrix.
Hydrogen Gas Production using Electro-activated Carbon Catalyst from Coconut Shells
Authors: Rustana C E , Khaerudini D S , Junia D , Dirgantara F D , Badruzzaman A , Marsya V 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The synthesis of heterogeneous carbon catalyst using electro-activation method has been carried out to assess the effect of temperature on surface morphology of hydrogen production and the surface area of the carbon catalyst as well as characterization of hydrogen production that was resulted. The electrolyte solution of NaOH with a concentration of 2.7 M which was produced from 2 grams of carbon and 25 ml of distilled water was used for electro-activation process. The activation process was taken place with a current of 3 A for 120 minutes and the variation of carbonization temperature of 1000, 1100 and 1200 °C. The electrode system that was used in the process comprised a carbon cathode and copper anode. The results of carbon mass yield testing indicated that purification of charcoal applied at high temperature. The optimum amount of gas with an average rate of 9.19 ml/min/gr Al for a time of 1 hour was produced from carbonized catalyst at carbonization temperature of 1200 °C. The SEM-EDS examination indicated that the reacted product consisted of a mixture of Al(OH)3 and carbon catalysts which would be reprocessed through the re-electro-activation. The characterization of Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) of the surface area of catalyzed carbon shown a value of 394.456 m2/g; while the result test of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) shown that the morphology of surface layer tends to be more pores after carbon catalyzed was used with the concentration of NaOH electrolyte solution of 2.7 M. Results of Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) analysis also shown the formation of new carboxyl functional groups (O-H) in the wavelength range 464.41 cm−1.
TiO2 Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Using Simple Spray Method
Authors: Utami F D , Rahman D Y , Margareta D O , Rahmayanti H D , Munir R , Sustini E , Abdullah M 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The present work focused on the effects of TiO2 in degrading organic wastewater. Technical TiO2 of anatase crystalline phase was used. TiO2 photocatalyst showed a powerful result in destroying organic effluent. Spray coating was conducted to immobilize the TiO2 particles onto the plastic buffer followed with heat-treatment process. As a result, 30 mL of 25 mg L−1 methylene blue (MB) used in the photocatalyst test was sucessfully degraded after 4 hours of irradiation. Repetitive use of the TiO2 films still has a great photodecomposition ability of removing 99% of the organic contaminant after 5 times use.
Agarose Cleaning Optimization for DGT Devices Specific for Cesium
Authors: Sadewo PH , Suzuki-Muresan T , Widiharto A , Muresan B 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Agarose gels commonly used in electrophoresis are regularly checked by its manufacturers for the absence of contaminating nucleases or residual sulfates. It is also tested for several metals and trace elements: Pb, Cd, Co, Cu, Zn, K, Ca, Cr Mg, Mn, Fe, Ni, Na, and Cl. However, no data are available for Cs-impurity measurements. A Diffusive Gradients in Thin films (DGT) device specific for cesium (Cs) is intended to be developed. Therefore, it is important to assess the impurity degree of agarose with Cs. Direct dissolution of agarose in 4 mol·L−1 HNO3 gives a concentration of 2.1×10−8 mol·L−1 of Cs, which is higher than that is found in natural environments (e.g. [Cs]<1×10−8 mol·L−1 in water). Two methods of Cs impurity removal have been tested, involving acidic cleaning with HCl and extraction by exchanger resin (KCuFC). Agarose powder was mixed with HCl in different concentrations, rinsed and dried. This method shows that the HCl-cleaning method is not quite efficient in removing the Cs impurity compared to untreated agarose gel. The second method, KCuFC resin was mixed with agarose powder in ultra-pure water, heated afterwards, and filtered. This method was able to reduce the amount of Cs by 99% compared to the untreated agarose gel. It appears that acceptable Cs levels (i.e. with respect to ambient Cs concentration in natural waters) are achievable by the removal of preexisting Cs in the agarose powder.
Microwave-Assisted Cationic Polymerization of Turpentine: Change in Infrared and Ultraviolet Spectra
Authors: Farid Muhamad , Soegijono Bambang , Mas’ud Zainal Alim , Herlambang Surya 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Indonesia is a turpentine producer country. So far, only one factory is carrying out turpentine fractionation to increase its selling price. Chemical conversion is necessary to produce more valuable derivatives of this renewable biomass-based material. In this experiment, turpentine as the raw material and the four products: α-pinene, β-pinene, limonene, and δ-carene were reacted successively with sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, and ethereal boron trifluoride, respectively. The reaction products were further irradiated using a commercial microwave oven. The raw material composition, functional group, and ultraviolet absorption were analyzed using a gas chromatograph, Fourier transforms infrared spectrophotometer, and UV-Vis spectrophotometer, respectively. Half of the reaction products were neutralized with sodium bicarbonate whether or not it irradiated. All products which viscous colored liquid was examined on their ultraviolet and infrared spectrum. The turpentine reacted with sulfuric acid and boron trifluoride ethereal produced a brownish viscous liquid, but did not react with hydrochloric acid and nitric acid. The reaction products with sulfuric acid and boron trifluoride ethereal and microwave irradiation processes showed some shifts on the infrared spectra, particularly in C=C band due to to the polymerization and C=C reforming reaction. The products also demonstrate the presence of OH group in the infrared spectra.
An Optimization Method to Determine Optimum Carbonization Temperature of Banana Stems Based Activated Carbon for Supercapacitors
Authors: Taer Erman , Purnama Agrandi , Apriwandi  , Agustino  , Taslim Rika , Mustika Widya Sinta 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The optimization of carbonization temperature was obtained by experimental design, assisted by using a 3rd-order polynomial equation, for use in supercapacitor application. Activated carbon monoliths are produced based on the carbonization temperatures of 500 °C, 550 °C, 600 °C and 650 °C. The monolithic activated carbon samples were characterized based on their physical properties, including density, degree of crystallinity and surface morphology, and their electrochemical properties, including specific capacitance, energy and power. The optimum conditions, which yielded a minimum electrode density and steak height as well as a maximum combination of energy and power, were found to be at a temperature of approximately 550 °C. In addition, the exact minimum and maximum carbonization temperatures that correlated with density, steak height and a combination of energy and power were found by a simulated mathematical model to be 543 °C, 544 °C, and 553 °C, respectively. The surface morphology was analyzed and was used as supporting data. In conclusion, by experimental and mathematical simulation, the optimum carbonization condition was obtained more accurately.
A Study of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Nata de Coco in the Market
Authors: Rahmayanti Handika Dany , Amalia Nadya , Munir Rahmawati , Yuliza Elfi , Utami Fisca Dian , Sustini Euis , Abdullah Mikrajuddin 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Nata de coco is a bacterial cellulose produced by Acetobacter xylinum in the process of fermenting coconut water. It is renowned for its high fiber content. The chewiness of nata de coco is proportional to the fiber content. There are many brands of nata de coco available in the market. Six different brands are included in this study. The mechanical strengths have been evaluated using a Universal Testing Machine. Based on the tensile test results, the lowest Young’s modulus is 3 MPa, attributed to the brand labeled as F as the most elastic nata de coco among the six brands. The degree of elasticity of nata de coco also corresponds to the sugar content. Further, the optical properties have been observed using a UV/Vis Spectrometer. Clearer nata de coco yields higher transmittance value. Meanwhile, the turbidity commensurate the nitrogen content.