bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical features, culprit drugs, and allergology workup in 41 cases of fixed drug eruption
Authors: Ben Fadhel Najah , Chaabane Amel , Ammar Helmi , Ben Romdhane Haifa , Soua Yosra , Chadli Zohra , Zili Jameleddine , Boughattas Naceur A. , Ben Fredj Nadia , Aouam Karim 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundFixed drug eruption (FDE) represents a drug‐related cutaneous reaction. Many drugs been associated with this clinical entity, with continually evolving documentation of implicated agents and clinical presentations. A bullous form can occur although it is rare.ObjectivesTo assess the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of FDE.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed all FDE cases who presented to the Clinical Pharmacology Department at the University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia, for allergy workup.ResultsThe mean age of the 41 confirmed FDE cases was 43.8 ± 15.5 years. The time between first lesion onset and FDE diagnosis was less than 1 month for 13 patients (31.7%). Fifteen patients had bullous lesions. The upper limbs were the most common location (65.9% of cases). The patch tests were positive in 27 cases; a provocation test yielded a positive response in the four cases tested. Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were involved in 51.2%, antibiotics in 24.4%, and other analgesics in 19.5%. The most common offending drug was mefenamic acid in 24.4% of cases. Bullous lesions were significantly associated with paracetamol intake (P = .014; odds ratio 16.7; 95% confidence interval: 1.76‐158).ConclusionsNSAIDs and antibiotics were the most implicated in inducing FDE; paracetamol was associated with bullous lesions.
Fish farmers highlight opportunities and warnings for urban carnivore conservation
Authors: McMillan Sharne E. , Wong Tsz‐Chun , Hau Billy C. H. , Bonebrake Timothy C. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAs urbanization globally drives mammals and carnivores into compact spaces, they will increasingly come into conflict with development and natural resource extraction pressures. The management of these populations is further complicated by difficulties in monitoring what are often rare and elusive species. We used local ecological knowledge (LEK) to collect data on the historical and current status of Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) in Hong Kong as well as determine how local fish farmers and residents perceived management and conservation issues surrounding the species. We found evidence for small population size and decline in numbers and distribution over recent decades for L. lutra. Fish farmers had extensive and familiar experience with otters and expressed largely negative opinions about otter impacts on fish stocks but positive attitudes towards their conservation. However, if otters were to have real or perceived effects on livelihood, then opinions about their conservation were mixed and cautious. In the context of the Pearl River Delta megacity, biodiversity is under high threat from development and urbanization. We here show the value of LEK and human dimensions of conservation in balancing the complex challenges of managing land for both local livelihoods and environmental stewardship.
Estimating densities and spatial distribution of a commensal primate species, the long‐tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis)
Authors: Hansen Malene F. , Nawangsari Ventie A. , van Beest Floris M. , Schmidt Niels M. , Fuentes Agustin , Traeholt Carl , Stelvig Mikkel , Dabelsteen Torben 
Published: July 2019

AbstractKnowledge about distribution of primate species and their densities is crucial for conservation and management. However, such information is often lacking or anecdotal, even for seemingly abundant species. Long‐tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) are distributed across southeast Asia and recognized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature Species Survival Commission Primate Specialist Group (IUCN SSC PSG) as both widespread and rapidly declining. Precise local density and abundance data are scarce across their range. To provide density and abundance estimates for a long‐tailed macaque population we conducted line transect distance sampling throughout Baluran National Park (250 km2), East Java, Indonesia covering all habitats. Long‐tailed macaque density was 41.4 ind/km2(95% confidence interval, CI: 23.04–74.39), with an estimated abundance of 10,350 individuals (95% CI: 5,760–18,598). A density of 41.4 ind/km2is lower than previous estimates for other sites in Java. Species distribution and habitat suitability analysis revealed a macaque preference for areas close to or on roads and trails, invasive acacia and/or native savannah. Long‐tailed macaques were provisioned with human food by commuters and tourists along roads and trails, probably structuring their distribution/habitat use. To evaluate if long‐tailed‐macaques have been overestimated for years, we also conducted a nonrandom point distance sampling survey according to macaque presence restricted to roads and trails. This survey provided density and abundance results much higher than the line transect distance sampling survey. Our study provides much needed baseline data for this species. Baluran National Park management and management in other areas can use these results to create informed management decisions regarding long‐tailed macaques. We recommend conducting systematic surveys of long‐tailed macaques throughout their range, and possibly reassessing conservation status, and conservation and management measures for long‐tailed macaques.
The Design Insiders: Profiling in‐house design within Scotland’s top companies
Authors: Aitchison Iain , Dunne Sam , Steiner Esther 
Published: July 2019

Scotland boasts a range of global players in financial services, energy, and engineering sectors with multi‐billion‐dollar revenue and tens of thousands of staff. These researchers decided to investigate the extent to which these companies use in‐house designers, and what roles they play.A look at the microcosm of in‐house designers and what their corporate roles are in one first‐world, successful country.
Independent lineages in a common environment: the roles of determinism and contingency in shaping the migration timing of even‐ versus odd‐year pink salmon over broad spatial and temporal scales
Authors: Oke Krista B. , Cunningham Curry J. , Quinn Thomas P. , Hendry Andrew P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractStudies of parallel evolution are seldom able to disentangle the influence of cryptic environmental variation from that of evolutionary history; whereas the unique life history of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) presents an opportunity to do so. All pink salmon mature at age two and die after breeding. Hence, pink salmon bred in even years are completely reproductively isolated from those bred in odd years, even if the two lineages bred in same location. We used time series (mean = 7 years, maximum = 74 years) of paired even‐ and odd‐year populations from 36 rivers spanning over 2000 km to explore parallelism in migration timing, a trait with a strong genetic basis. Migration timing was highly parallel, being determined almost entirely by local environmental differences among rivers. Interestingly, interannual changes in migration timing different somewhat between lineages. Overall, our findings indicate very strong determinism, with only a minor contribution of contingency.
Early changes in tests of peripheral nerve function during oxaliplatin treatment and their correlation with chemotherapy‐induced polyneuropathy symptoms and signs
Authors: Krøigård T. , Svendsen T. K. , Wirenfeldt M. , Schrøder H. D. , Qvortrup C. , Pfeiffer P. , Gaist D. , Sindrup S. H. 
Published: July 2019

Background and purposeAssessment of the severity of chronic peripheral neuropathy during oxaliplatin treatment is based on symptoms. Efforts to adjust the total dose of oxaliplatin to prevent severe neuropathy can be complicated by the worsening of neuropathy symptoms following treatment. Objective measures of the structure and function of peripheral nerves during early phases of treatment may aid in determining the optimal oxaliplatin dose in individual patients. Intraepidermal nerve fibre density (IENFD) has been suggested as an early marker of peripheral neuropathy.MethodsSixty patients were examined before treatment and following 25% and 50% of the total planned oxaliplatin dose. Fifty‐five of them were also examined at completion of chemotherapy and 6 months later. IENFD in skin biopsies from the distal leg, nerve conduction studies and quantitative sensory testing at the dorsum of the foot were performed. Forty‐six healthy subjects were examined at baseline and after 6 and 52 weeks for comparison.ResultsIntraepidermal nerve fibre density was not reduced during treatment. Sural nerve amplitude and conduction velocity, vibration detection thresholds, mechanical detection threshold and cold detection threshold were significantly reduced during treatment. Compared to reference values and spontaneous changes in healthy subjects, the largest proportions of patients with deterioration were found for vibration detection thresholds followed by nerve conduction studies, mechanical detection threshold, cold detection threshold and IENFD.ConclusionsSignificant changes were most pronounced for measures of large nerve fibre function, especially vibration sensation. Skin biopsies do not seem to provide a clinically relevant objective measure of peripheral nerve deterioration during oxaliplatin treatment.
Multiaxial fatigue of quenched and tempered U2 steel: Testing and fatigue life prediction
Authors: Castro Fábio C. , Mamiya Edgar N. , Malcher Lucival , Canut Felipe A. , Ferreira Guilherme V. , Neves Raniere S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTension‐compression, tension‐tension, torsional, and 90° out‐of‐phase axial‐torsional fatigue tests were performed on a quenched and tempered U2 steel. All tests were conducted under force/torque control because macroscopic plastic strains were insignificant in the life range of interest (from 104 to 2 × 106 loading cycles). Stress‐based versions of the Fatemi‐Socie critical plane parameter and of the Smith‐Watson‐Topper parameter with a critical plane interpretation were evaluated using the experimental data. The Smith‐Watson‐Topper parameter was not able to correlate the test data. The Fatemi‐Socie method correlated most of the test data within factor‐of‐three boundaries. A modified Crossland invariant‐based parameter made of two interaction rules between the shear stress amplitude and the maximum hydrostatic stress, and of a definition of shear stress amplitude based on the maximum prismatic hull method, yielded fatigue life estimates in reasonable agreement with the experimental observations.
Associations of neighborhood walkability with intensity‐ and bout‐specific physical activity and sedentary behavior of older adults in Japan
Authors: Amagasa Shiho , Inoue Shigeru , Fukushima Noritoshi , Kikuchi Hiroyuki , Nakaya Tomoki , Hanibuchi Tomoya , Sallis James F , Owen Neville 
Published: July 2019

AimWe examined the relationships of objectively‐measured walkability with accelerometer‐measured activity patterns including bout‐specific moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light‐intensity physical activity (LPA) and sedentary behavior in older Japanese adults.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 450 men and women (mean age 74 years) who were randomly selected from a resident registry of each municipality (Bunkyo, Fuchu and Oyama city). Neighborhood walkability was assessed using geographic information system data and activity patterns by a validated accelerometer (Active style Pro HJA‐350IT). MVPA was assessed as overall (all minutes), short‐bout (<10 min) and long‐bout (≥10 min). We used analysis of covariance to examine environmental relationships with the three MVPA measures, LPA and sedentary behavior by quartiles of walkability, adjusting for accelerometer wear time and sociodemographic, behavioral and health‐related factors.ResultsIn total, 27% of participants achieved ≥150 min/week of long‐bout MVPA. Walkability was not associated with overall MVPA (Q1 = 35.0, Q2 = 31.9, Q3 = 31.4, Q4 = 34.2 min/day) Older adults living in low‐walkability areas significantly accumulated more short‐bout MVPA (Q1 = 27.2, Q2 = 22.1, Q3 = 20.1, Q4 = 20.5 min/day) and LPA (Q1 = 346, Q2 = 311, Q3 = 289, Q4 = 284 min/day), but less sedentary behavior (Q1 = 479, Q2 = 520, Q3 = 544, Q4 = 544 min/day) than those living in high‐walkability areas.ConclusionsThose living in low‐walkability areas accumulated more LPA and short‐bout MVPA. These activities might be helpful targets for initiatives to promote physical activity among older adult residents of low‐walkability areas. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 861–867.
Financial knowledge among Iranian investors
Authors: Cude Brenda J. , Chatterjee Swarn , Tavosi Jamal 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis research is the first to describe financial knowledge in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Data were collected from a convenience sample of investors in the Tehran Stock Exchange. The data were used to examine objective and subjective knowledge as well as overconfidence in one's financial knowledge. The results indicated that compared with other populations, Iranians did not perform well on either basic or advanced financial knowledge questions, especially when the questions dealt with interest rates. This is likely related to the Islamic law ban on usury‐based investing. Regression analysis indicated that demographic charactristics related to basic financial knowledge were income, labour force status and being a student. Demographic characteristics related to advanced financial knowledge were education, labour force status and age. Higher income and education reduced the odds of being overconfident about one's financial knowledge, while being a student and male increased the odds. The article concludes with recommendations about future research as well as building a national financial education strategy.
The influence of preschoolers' emotional and behavioural problems on obesity treatment outcomes: Secondary findings from a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Eiffener Elodie , Eli Karin , Ek Anna , Sandvik Pernilla , Somaraki Maria , Kremers Stef , Sleddens Ester , Nowicka Paulina 
Published: July 2019

SummaryBackgroundFew studies have explored the influence of preschoolers' behavioural problems on obesity treatment.ObjectivesTo assess emotional and behavioural problems before and after an obesity intervention and examine relationships between changes in child behaviour and changes in weight status.MethodThe study included 77 children (4‐6 years old, 53% girls, mean body mass index [BMI] z‐score of 3.0 [SD 0.6]) who participated in the More and Less Study, a randomized controlled trial. Families were randomized to a parenting program or to standard treatment. The children's heights and weights (BMI z‐score, primary outcome) were measured at baseline and 12 months post baseline. Parents rated their children's behaviours (secondary outcome) on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) for ages 1.5 to 5 years, a questionnaire that measures psychosocial health and functioning, encompassing emotional and behavioural problems. Changes in child behaviour during treatment were examined through paired samples t tests; the influence of child behaviour on treatment effects was examined through linear regressions.ResultsChild emotional and behavioural problems significantly improved after obesity treatment. Lower scores were found for Emotional Reactivity, Sleep Problems, Affective Problems, Aggressive Behaviour, Externalizing Behaviours, Oppositional Defiant Problems, and Total Problems. Child behaviour significantly affected obesity treatment results: Attention Problems and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) at baseline contributed to increasing BMI z‐scores, whereas Oppositional Defiant Problems, Externalizing Behaviours, and a higher number of behavioural problems predicted decreasing BMI z‐scores.ConclusionsChild behaviours at baseline influenced treatment results. Child emotional and behavioural problems improved post treatment. The results suggest that obesity treatment may help in reducing emotional distress among preschoolers.
Scratch‐induced yielding and ductile fracture in silicate glasses probed by nanoindentation
Authors: Sawamura Shigeki , Limbach René , Wilhelmy Sönke , Koike Akio , Wondraczek Lothar 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLateral nanoindentation provides access to the scratch hardness of glass surfaces. The specific sensitivity of the scratching experiment to surface mechanical properties can be enhanced when the local load at the tip apex is reduced. Here, we report on ramp‐load scratch tests on a range of silicate glasses using a sphero‐conical tip shape. Similar as with regular scratching experiments using sharp indenters, such tests create a sequence of micro‐ductile, micro‐cracking, and micro‐abrasive regimes. Detailed investigation of the indenter displacement h and of the lateral force FL as recorded in situ, however, reveals pronounced deviations in comparison to Vickers or Berkovich scratching experiments. Most notably, this includes an abrupt increase in both h and FL at moderate normal load, marking the onset of ductile fracture, and a yield point at the transition from fully elastic deformation to the elastic‐plastic regime at low load. For the range of examined silicate glasses, we find that structural cohesion controls yielding, whereas scratch‐induced fracture and micro‐abrasion are dominated by the volume density of bond energy.
Better evaluating mechanisms in medicine. Book Review: Evaluating Evidence of Mechanisms in Medicine
Authors: La Caze Adam 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEvidence of mechanisms plays an important role in medical decision‐making, but this role is less well articulated than that of clinical trial evidence. A new book, Evaluating Evidence of Mechanisms in Medicine: Principles and Procedures, provides a framework and resources for explicitly evaluating evidence of mechanisms when assessing claims of efficacy and external validity. This review outlines the overall approach of the book, the contribution it makes to evidence evaluation in medicine and makes some suggestions for further work that will aid implementation of the framework into clinical decision‐making.
Physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory characteristics of probiotic yogurt enhanced with Anethum graveolens essential oil
Authors: Mehdizadeh Tooraj , Mojaddar Langroodi Ali , Shakouri Roghieh , Khorshidi Sonia 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn the present work, physicochemical, sensory characteristics and viability of Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus casei of probiotic yogurt using dill (Anethum graveolens) essential oil (DEO) (50 and 100 ppm) were investigated at 4°C for 21 days. Alterations in amount of fat and protein of yogurt treatments during storage time were not significant. The viability of B. bifidum and L. casei increased up to the 2nd week of storage and then decreased by the end of the storage period. Generally, samples with incorporated 100 ppm DEO had the highest number of probiotic bacteria on the last day of storage, 7.81 and 7.92 CFU/g for L. casei and B. bifidum, respectively. pH and titratable acidity values were decreased and increased, respectively, over the time for all samples. Yogurt with incorporated 100 ppm DEO achieved higher sensory scores compared to other yogurt samples. Therefore, the current results confirmed that the addition of probiotic and DEO improved the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of yogurt.Practical ApplicationsYogurt undergoes sensory, chemical changes and microbial growth during refrigerated storage. Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus casei are generally applied as probiotic species in milk products. Dill essential oil (DEO) is used in food industries to extend the shelf life of the foods with desired organoleptic properties. This work recommends that DEO can be successfully used as a safe and natural source in the production of probiotic yogurt.
Validation and Normative Data for the Modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status: The Sydney Memory and Ageing Study
Authors: Bentvelzen Adam C. , Crawford John D. , Theobald Adam , Maston Kate , Slavin Melissa J. , Reppermund Simone , Kang Kristan , Numbers Katya , Brodaty Henry , Sachdev Perminder , Kochan Nicole A. 
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVESTelephone‐based cognitive screens, such as the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS), can potentially reduce the barriers and costs of assessing older adults. However, validation of clinically relevant psychometric properties is lacking in a large and comprehensively assessed sample of older adults. Furthermore, published normative data may lack sensitivity as they have not used regression‐based demographic corrections or accounted for cases with subsequent dementia. We address these gaps using the modified TICS (TICS‐M; a modified, 13‐item, 39‐point version) and provide an online norms calculator for clinicians and researchers.DESIGNProspective longitudinal study.SETTINGSydney, Australia.PARTICIPANTSA total of 617 community‐living older adults, aged from 71 to 91 years.MEASUREMENTSThe measures used included the TICS‐M, the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination‐Revised (ACE‐R), and a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery. Descriptive statistics, correlations, area under the curve, and regression analyses were used to determine the validity and normative properties of the TICS‐M.RESULTSTICS‐M total scores (mean = 24.20; SD = 3.76) correlated well with the MMSE (0.70) and ACE‐R (0.80) and moderately with neuropsychological tests tested noncontemporaneously. A cutoff score of 21 or lower reliably distinguished between those with and without incident dementia after 1 year (sensitivity = 77%; specificity = 88%) but was less reliable at distinguishing mild cognitive impairment from normal cognition. TICS‐M scores decreased with age and increased with higher education levels. The robust normative sample, which excluded incident dementia cases, scored higher on the TICS‐M and with less variability than the whole sample. An online calculator is provided to compute regression‐based norms and reliable change statistics.CONCLUSIONSIn a large sample of community‐dwelling older adults, the TICS‐M performed well in terms of construct validity against typical screening tools and neuropsychological measures and diagnostic validity for incident dementia. The comprehensive, regression‐based, and robust normative data provided will help improve the sensitivity, accessibility, and cost‐effectiveness of cognitive testing with older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:2108–2115, 2019