bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decoding anxiety: A scoping review of observable cues
Authors: Smrke Urška , Mlakar Izidor , Rehberger Ana , Žužek Leon , Plohl Nejc 
Published: November 2024

Background While anxiety disorders are one of the most prevalent mental diseases, they are often overlooked due to shortcomings of the existing diagnostic procedures, which predominantly rely on self-reporting. Due to recent technological advances, this source of information could be complemented by the so-called observable cues – indicators that are displayed spontaneously through individuals’ physiological responses or behaviour and can be detected by modern devices. However, while there are several individual studies on such cues, this research area lacks a synthesis. In line with this, our scoping review aimed to identify observable cues that offer meaningful insight into individuals’ anxiety and to determine how these cues can be measured. Methods We followed the PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews. The search string containing terms related to anxiety and observable cues was entered into four databases (Web of Science, MEDLINE, ERIC, IEEE). While the search – limited to English peer-reviewed records published from 2012 onwards – initially yielded 2311 records, only 33 articles fit our selection criteria and were included in the final synthesis. Results The scoping review unravelled various categories of observable cues of anxiety, specifically those related to facial expressions, speech and language, breathing, skin, heart, cognitive control, sleep, activity and motion, location data and smartphone use. Moreover, we identified various approaches for measuring these cues, including wearable devices, and analysing smartphone usage and social media activity. Conclusions Our scoping review points to several physiological and behavioural cues associated with anxiety and highlights how these can be measured. These novel insights may be helpful for healthcare practitioners and fuel future research and technology development. However, as many cues were investigated only in a single study, more evidence is needed to generalise these findings and implement them into practice with greater confidence.
Mobile health application (WeFit) among community-dwelling older adults: Development, validation, acceptance, and usability study
Authors: Ahmad Nurul Asilah , Mat Ludin Arimi Fitri , Vanoh Divya , Tohit Noorlaili Mohd , Manaf Zahara Abdul , Mohd Noah Shahrul Azman , Shahar Suzana 
Published: November 2024

Background Technology advancement along with the increase in the older adults’ population leads to the creation of health applications. The combination of exercise, nutrition, and cognition should be studied carefully in improving older adults’ health. Objective The purpose of this study is to develop a health application, WeFit contains these three components and to determine its content validity, acceptability, and usability. Methodology This study is a design and development study involving three phases. The first phase is the need analysis involving a review on 16 mobile applications available in Google play and iTunes App store as well as a review of six articles for identifying the perception of older adults in using mobile applications. Second phase is mobile application development and content validity. The content validity was determined using the Content Validity Index for Individual Items (I-CVI). Phase 3 evaluated the acceptance of the WeFit mobile application among older adults and health practitioners. Results Phase 1 indicated that half of the applications reviewed (50.0%) had physical activity component and the other half (50.0%) had a cognitive component, and none on nutrition. No application is reported to have all three components. In Phase 2, WeFit health application containing the three components was developed where users can view exercise and food recommendations and play cognitive games. WeFit had an I-CVI value of 0.98. With respect to acceptability, majority of the study participants (93.3%) understood the WeFit's content and the graphics used were appropriate. The usability study found that the majority of the older adults were satisfied with the interface and content. All health practitioners (100%) agreed WeFit is easy to use and agreed that it can guide them in giving medical advices. Conclusion WeFit mobile app has been successfully developed, validated, and tested for acceptance among the older adults and health practitioners.
The Impact of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms on Depressive Symptoms and Health-Promoting Behaviors Among Korean Coast Guards: The Mediating Role of Social Support
Authors: Seo Hyung-Eun , Yeom Mijung , Kim Hye-Jin 
Published: November 2024

Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can result in severe depression. Yet, it is not clear how to improve health-promoting behavior and reduce depressive symptoms. This study aimed to examine whether social support mediates the link between PTSD, depression, and health-promoting behaviors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 308 Korean Coast Guards in Gangwon-do, South Korea, in October and November 2020. The variables of PTSD and depressive symptoms were assessed using the Korean versions of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depressive Scale-Revised. Health-promoting behaviors and social support were assessed using the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile-II and the Korean version of the Personal Resource Questionnaire 85-Part 2. Multiple regression analysis and Sobel tests were performed. Findings: Higher levels of PTSD symptoms and lower levels of social support were significantly associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms. Social support had a significant partial mediating effect on the association between PTSD and depressive symptoms. In addition, lower levels of PTSD symptoms and higher levels of social support were significantly associated with higher levels of health-promoting behaviors. Social support has a full mediating effect on the association between PTSD symptoms and health-promoting behaviors. Conclusions/Application to Practice: Our findings indicate that social support may mediate the association between PTSD symptoms and health outcomes. Occupational health nurses can use these findings to proactively develop interventions which improve social support for coast guard workers who are at risk of developing PTSD due to exposure to traumatic events on their job.
Platelet-rich fibrin in dentistry
Authors: Song Ping , He Dawei , Ren Song , Fan Lin , Sun Jiang 
Published: November 2024

Objectives: To review the progress of Platelet Rich Fibrin (PRF) as a biomaterial in dentistry and to highlight its promising application as a safe and biocompatible autologous platelet concentrate. Publications were searched in GeenMedical, X-mol, GoogleScholar, and PubMed from October 2024 with no language restrictions. The literature was searched for relevant databases and journals on the use of PRFs in dentistry up to October 2024, and the inclusion criteria included randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, case series, and systematic reviews. Conclusion: PRF is a second-generation platelet concentrate that is sourced from oneself, has fewer adverse effects, and is simple and safe to prepare. These materials include growth factors and fibrin scaffolds, which are extensively utilized in regenerative medicine. By outlining PRF, we found that good results can be achieved when PRF is used to treat these conditions. Clinical significance: The application of PRF in dentistry is widespread, particularly in periodontal soft and hard tissue regeneration, oral lichen planus, and pulpal regeneration. This article reviews the background, classification, and preparation methods of PRFs, along with their dental applications. We anticipate further research on various PRF derivatives in the future, which will significantly improve the utilization of PRF in oral applications and offer fresh insights for diagnosing and treating oral diseases.
Interfacial Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of TiC Reinforced GH 3230 Superalloy Manufactured by Laser Metal Deposition
Authors: Wang Yan , Li Neng , Liu Wei , Jia Chonglin , Wu Yu , Gao Chao , Xiong Huaping 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGH 3230 superalloy is a solution strengthening nickel-based superalloy and it is commonly used for fabricating hot components with the service temperature of above 900 ℃. In order to further improve high-temperature performance, nickel-based alloy matrix composites (NMCs) were proposed. Meanwhile, it is known that laser additive manufacturing is an optional method for fabricating nickel-based composites. However, the research on ceramic-reinforced GH 3230 fabricated by laser metal deposition (LMD) are highly lacking. The aim of this study is to develop TiC ceramic particle reinforced GH 3230 composites using laser metal deposition (LMD) method and study the effect of TiC content on their microstructure and tensile properties. The results showed that TiC particles not only changed the intensity and position of the X-ray diffraction peaks of the alloy matrix but also had a significant effect on the refinement of the cellular dendrites. Meanwhile, it was found that an interfacial layer with sub-micrometer thickness was formed between the TiC ceramic particle and the superalloy matrix, which was identified to be (W, Ti)C1-x phase by the TEM. In terms of the as-built composites, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and yield strength (YS) gradually increased, but elongation (EL) decreased with the increase of TiC content. For the as-LMDed 10 vol.% TiC/GH3230 composites, UTS and EL reached 1077.0 MPa and 12.4%, respectively. The enhancement of the tensile strength for composites was attributed to the combined effect of grain refinement strengthening, Orowan strengthening, dislocation strengthening and loading-bearing strengthening.
Genetic Algorithm Optimization Design of Gradient Conformal Chiral Metamaterials and 3D Printing Verification for Morphing Wings
Authors: Zheng Qian , Zhu Weijun , Zhi Quan , Sun Henglun , Li Dongsheng , Ding Xilun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes a gradient conformal design technique to modify the multi-directional stiffness characteristics of 3D printed chiral metamaterials, using various airfoil shapes. The method ensures the integrity of chiral cell nodal circles while improving load transmission efficiency and enhancing manufacturing precision for 3D printing applications. A parametric design framework, integrating finite element analysis and optimization modules, is developed to enhance the wing’s multidirectional stiffness. The optimization process demonstrates that the distribution of chiral structural ligaments and nodal circles significantly affects wing deformation. The stiffness gradient optimization results reveal a variation of over 78% in tail stiffness performance between the best and worst parameter combinations. Experimental outcomes suggest that this strategy can develop metamaterials with enhanced deformability, offering a promising approach for designing morphing wings.
Effects of a ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) small-molecule peptide mimetic in an in vitro and in vivo model of CDKL5 deficiency disorder
Authors: Mottolese Nicola , Loi Manuela , Trazzi Stefania , Tassinari Marianna , Uguagliati Beatrice , Candini Giulia , Iqbal Khalid , Medici Giorgio , Ciani Elisabetta 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Mutations in the X-linked CDKL5 gene underlie a severe epileptic encephalopathy, CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD), characterized by gross motor impairment, autistic features and intellectual disability. Absence of Cdkl5 negatively impacts neuronal proliferation, survival, and maturation in in vitro and in vivo models, resulting in behavioral deficits in the Cdkl5 KO mouse. While there is no targeted therapy for CDD, several studies showed that treatments enabling an increase in brain BDNF levels give rise to structural and behavioral improvements in Cdkl5 KO mice. P021, a tetra-peptide derived from the biologically active region of the human ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), was found to enhance neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity by promoting an increase in BDNF expression in preclinical models of brain disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease and Down syndrome, resulting in a beneficial therapeutic effect. Considering the positive actions of P021 on brain development and cognition associated with increased BDNF expression, the present study aimed to evaluate the possible beneficial effect of treatment with P021 in an in vitro and in vivo model of CDD.

Methods
We used SH-CDKL5-KO cells as an in vitro model of CDD to test the efficacy of P021 on neuronal proliferation, survival, and maturation. In addition, both young and adult Cdkl5 KO mice were used to evaluate the in vivo effects of P021, on neuroanatomical and behavioral defects.

Results
We found that P021 treatment was effective in restoring neuronal proliferation, survival, and maturation deficits, as well as alterations in the GSK3β signaling pathway, features that characterize a human neuronal model of CDKL5 deficiency. Unexpectedly, chronic in vivo P021 treatment failed to increase BDNF levels and did not improve neuroanatomical defects in Cdkl5 KO mice, resulting in limited behavioral benefit.

Conclusions
At present, it remains to be understood whether initiating the treatment prenatally, or prolonging the duration of treatment will be necessary in order to achieve similar results in vivo in CDD mice to those obtained in vitro.
Penile fracture in a child presenting at teaching hospital in South-Western Uganda: a case report
Authors: Atwine Oscar , Mucunguzi Denis , Ainomugisha Racheal , Muhumuza Joshua , Mwesigwa Marvin Mutakooha 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Introduction and importance
Penile fracture refers to the traumatic rupture of tunica albuginea in an erect penis. It is relatively uncommon and represents a urological emergency once it happens, necessitating immediate surgical intervention to prevent long-term complications. This condition presents a surgical challenge in both diagnosis and treatment due to the few urology specialists in our setting. We present a case of penile fracture surgically managed in a resource-limited setting with an excellent outcome.

Case presentation
We present a 15-year-old male admitted to our teaching hospital with a 12-h history of onset of pain, progressive swelling, and an audible pop sound that preceded turning in bed on an erect penis. He, however, denied a history of masturbation. A penile ultrasound scan was done, which confirmed a tear of Tunica albuginea. Penile exploration was done, which revealed a tear in tunica albuginea that was repaired successfully. The patient recovered well with no complications.

Clinical discussion
A penile fracture is a rare surgical emergency. Successful outcomes hinge on timely diagnosis, proficient surgical repair, and comprehensive postoperative care. A penile fracture is a clinical diagnosis in the hands of an experienced surgeon.

Conclusions
Findings of this case report highlight the importance of raising awareness among health workers and the general public about this rare condition, and the treatment options available in our less resourced setting.
Flexible ureteroscopy with and without ureteral access sheath in treatment of large renal stones: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Abdelrasol Waheed Fawzy , Assem Ahmed 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
In flexible ureteroscopy (FURS), the ureteral access sheath (UAS) is extensively used due to its superior stone-free rates and reduced intrarenal pressure. However, it may cause damage to the ureteral wall and increase surgery costs. Therefore, we aimed to compare the safety and effectiveness of FURS with and without UAS in treating renal stones.

Methods
This randomized controlled trial included 84 patients with upper ureteric and kidney stones undergoing FURS. Patients were randomized into two equal groups: Group I FURS treated with UAS and Group II FURS treated without UAS as a control group.

Results
Operative time was significantly delayed in Group I 69.52 ± 14.52 min as opposed to Group II 63.1 ± 9.69 min (p = 0.019). Cumulative stone size exhibited significantly greater values in Group I than Group II (p value < 0.001). The need for ancillary procedures was significantly higher in Group I than in Group II (p value = 0.047). Preoperative and postoperative stent, complications, renal colic pain, urinary tract infection, and length of stay were insignificantly different among the two groups.

Conclusions
Performing FURS without utilizing UAS appears safe and requires fewer additional procedures. Another benefit is the reduction in surgical duration and avoiding ureteral complications.
Pertussis vaccination in adults: a behavioral study of physicians from the US, France, and Germany
Authors: Middleton Donald , Clark Liana , Mosnier Anne , Heininger Ulrich 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Pertussis is a highly contagious respiratory tract infection that affects all ages, though it is most severe in young infants. Adults, especially those with respiratory conditions or other chronic illnesses can also suffer serious consequences of pertussis. Pertussis vaccination is the best method of disease prevention in a lifetime. This behavioral study aimed to assess physicians’ attitudes towards pertussis vaccination in adults and the importance of pertussis vaccination for disease prevention, especially in those with chronic illnesses, and to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adult vaccination behaviors.

Methods
Between November 2022 and January 2023, physicians from the US, France, and Germany registered in an independent online database were contacted to participate in this study. After eligibility screening, participating physicians completed an online questionnaire addressing topics related to physician recommendations and vaccination behavior around pertussis in adults.

Results
Eight hundred physicians participated in the study (US: 400; France: 200; Germany: 200). Physicians’ attitudes towards pertussis vaccination in adults were broadly similar between the countries. Overall, 65% of physicians believed in the importance of vaccination against pertussis, a lower proportion than for COVID-19 (82%), influenza (81%), pneumococcal disease (76%), and tetanus (73%). Physicians considered immunocompromised adults or those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, or other respiratory conditions to be at greatest risk from pertussis. Physicians estimated that two-thirds of the adult patients to whom they recommended pertussis vaccination agreed to receive it. The top reason why they felt patients did not receive pertussis vaccination as recommended was low perception of personal risk for pertussis. Physicians’ pertussis vaccination behavior was found to be similar before and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusions
While physicians in the surveyed countries recognized the value of pertussis vaccination in adults, they ranked its importance lower than that of other adult vaccines. Physicians recognized the need to immunize vulnerable adults who are at risk of severe pertussis, such as those with asthma and/or COPD, but this awareness frequently did not result in vaccination of these priority groups, especially without official recommendations to support such vaccination in these groups.
A cross-sectional study exploring general practitioners’ views on dietary supplements
Authors: Wagner Sophia , Eickmann Sascha , Baurecht Hansjörg , Herrmann Anne 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Dietary supplements (DS) are often used by patients to enhance their health and well-being. General practitioners (GPs) are commonly the first point of contact for patients who enquire about DS. The aim of this study was to explore GPs’ views on DS.

Methods
A cross-sectional purposeful recruitment online survey of 162 general practitioners (GPs) in Germany was conducted between May and August 2021. The questionnaire assessed GPs’ views on dietary supplements (DS), including perceptions of safety, efficacy, and importance in medical practice. Data were analyzed using inferential statistics and logistic regression analyses to explore associations between GPs’ views and demographic factors.

Results
Response rate could not be determined because multipliers were included here by means of personal networks, consent rate was 100%. Many respondents considered DS to be an important topic in their daily practice (64,8%, n = 99). Almost two thirds were convinced of their efficacy and considered DS to be safe for use (61,2%, n = 93). However, the majority of respondents were in favor of more standardized guidelines (86.8%, n = 132) and improved medical education on the handling of DS in routine care (89,5%, n = 136). Physicians who self-administered DS were statistically significantly more likely to perceive them as safe to use, with an OR of 4.25 (95% CI: 1.74–10.40). Self-administration [OR 4.52 (1.67–12.22)] and participation in continuous medical education (CME) [OR 3.52 (1.133–9.38)] were positively associated with perceiving them as an important topic.

Conclusions
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to assess German GPs’ perceptions regarding DS. The majority of physicians recognized the importance of DS in routine care but wished for improved regulation and more standardized guidelines regarding their use. The findings could be used to develop targeted educational interventions and improve handling of DS in daily general practice.
Protocol for a prospective, multicentre, cross-sectional cohort study to assess personal light exposure
Authors: Guidolin Carolina , Aerts Sam , Agbeshie Gabriel Kwaku , Akuffo Kwadwo Owusu , Aydin Sema Nur , Baeza-Moyano David , Bolte John , Broszio Kai , Cantarero-García Guadalupe , Didikoglu Altug , González-Lezcano Roberto Alonso , Joosten-Ma Hongli , Melero-Tur Sofía , Tengelin Maria Nilsson , Pérez Gutiérrez María Concepción , Stefani Oliver , Svensson Ingemar , Udovičić Ljiljana , Zauner Johannes , Spitschan Manuel 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLight profoundly impacts many aspects of human physiology and behaviour, including the synchronization of the circadian clock, the production of melatonin, and cognition. These effects of light, termed the non-visual effects of light, have been primarily investigated in laboratory settings, where light intensity, spectrum and timing can be carefully controlled to draw associations with physiological outcomes of interest. Recently, the increasing availability of wearable light loggers has opened the possibility of studying personal light exposure in free-living conditions where people engage in activities of daily living, yielding findings associating aspects of light exposure and health outcomes, supporting the importance of adequate light exposure at appropriate times for human health. However, comprehensive protocols capturing environmental (e.g., geographical location, season, climate, photoperiod) and individual factors (e.g., culture, personal habits, behaviour, commute type, profession) contributing to the measured light exposure are currently lacking. Here, we present a protocol that combines smartphone-based experience sampling (experience sampling implementing Karolinska Sleepiness Scale, KSS ratings) and high-quality light exposure data collection at three body sites (near-corneal plane between the two eyes mounted on spectacle, neck-worn pendant/badge, and wrist-worn watch-like design) to capture daily factors related to individuals’ light exposure. We will implement the protocol in an international multi-centre study to investigate the environmental and socio-cultural factors influencing light exposure patterns in Germany, Ghana, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, and Turkey (minimum n = 15, target n = 30 per site, minimum n = 90, target n = 180 across all sites). With the resulting dataset, lifestyle and context-specific factors that contribute to healthy light exposure will be identified. This information is essential in designing effective public health interventions.