bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pemanfaatan Karbon Aktif Ampas dalam Mereduksi Asam Lemak Bebas (Free Fatty Acid) pada Minyak Goreng Bekas sebagai Biodiesel
Authors: Sari Reka M. , Kembaren Agus 
Published: May 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pretreatment minyak goreng bekas dengan karbon aktif ampas tebu, mengetahui pengaruh variasi katalis terhadap biodiesel dan mengetahui variasi konsentrasi persen berat katalis NaOH yang menghasilkan FAME biodiesel yang maksimum dengan metode transesterifikasi langsung. Pretreatment minyak dilakukan dengan karbon aktif ampas tebu yang diaktivasi dengan H3PO4 pada suhu 400 °C dan massa karbon aktif yaitu 10 g, lalu di uji kualitas minyak berdasarkan standar SNI 01-2901-2006 yang meliputi kadar asam lemak bebas dan bilangan peroksida. Biodiesel yang dihasilkan diuji sesuai SNI 04-7182-2006 yaitu bilangan asam, bilangan iod dan densitas serta mengidentifikasi senyawa pembentuk metil ester dengan GC (Gas Chromatography). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pretreatment minyak goreng bekas dengan menggunakan karbon aktif dari ampas tebu efektif menurunkan ALB pada minyak goreng bekas sebesar 0,336% dan bilangan peroksida 6,99 mek/kg sesuai SNI 06-3730-1995 sehingga dapat dijadikan bahan baku untuk pembuatan biodiesel dengan transesterifikasi langsung menggunakan katalis 1% NaOH. Didapat densitas biodiesel adalah 0,8599 g/mL, bilangan iod yaitu 57,3625% massa dan bilangan asam yaitu 0,6731%. Komposisi FAME oleat, linoleat dan palmitat yaitu 43,4181%, 10,5952%, 38,6358.

This study aimed to determine the pretreatment of used cooking oil with bagasse activated carbon, the effect of variations in catalysts on biodiesel and the variation in the concentration of weight percentage of NaOH catalyst which produced the maximum biodiesel FAME using the direct transesterification method. Oil pretreatment was carried out with bagasse activated carbon activated with H3PO4 at a temperature of 400°C and activated carbon mass of 10 g, and oil quality was tested based on SNI 01-2901-2006 standards including free fatty acid and peroxide numbers. The biodiesel produced tested according to SNI 04-7182-2006 were acid numbers, iodine numbers, and densities and identified methyl ester forming compounds with GC (Gas Chromatography). The results showed that the pretreatment of used cooking oil using activated carbon from bagasse was effective in reducing ALB in used cooking oil by 0.336% and peroxide number by 6.99 mek/kg according to SNI 06-3730-1995 so that it could be used as raw material for making biodiesel with direct transesterification using a 1% NaOH catalyst. The density of biodiesel was 0.8599 g/mL. Iodine number was 57.3625% mass and acid number was 0.6731%. The composition of FAME oleate, linoleic and palmitate was 43.4181%, 10.5952%, 38.6358.
Penerapan POGIL Dengan LKS Dalam Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar pada Koloid Berbasis Lesson Study
Authors: Ayurosalia Angeline Viska 
Published: May 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk memperoleh perbandingan antara pembelajaran dengan penggunaan strategi POGIL dengan media LKS yang berbasis lesson study dengan pembelajaran konvensional. Penelitian ini dilangsungkan di 3 sekolah menengah atas di kota Medan antara lain SMA Negeri 2 Medan, SMA Negeri 3 Medan dan SMA Swasta Raksana. Populasinya merupakan seluruh siswa yang diambil secara acak. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan instrument tes yang sudah valid untuk melihat peningkatan hasil belajar siswa. Dalam analisis data digunakan SPSS-18. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat dilihat bahwa strategi POGIL dengan media LKS berbasis lesson study memberi peningkatan terhadap hasil belajar siswa dibandingkan konvensional. Nilai gain pada kelas eksperiment lebih tinggi dibandingkan pada kelas control.

The purpose of this study was to obtain a comparison between learning and the use of the POGIL strategy with LKS media based on lesson study with conventional learning. This research was conducted in 3 high schools in Medan including SMAN 2 Medan, SMAN 3 Medan, and Raksana Private High School. The population was all students taken randomly. This study used a test instrument that was valid to see improvement in student learning outcomes. Data were analyzed with SPSS-18. Based on the results of the study, it could be seen that the POGIL strategy with lesson study based LKS media resulted an increase in student learning outcomes compared to conventional learning. The gain value in the experimental class was higher than in the control class.
Analisis Buku Penuntun Praktikum Kimia Kelas XII Semester I Berdasarkan Kurikulum 2013
Authors: Arifin Zainal , Yanti Febri , Silaban Ramlan , Tarigan Simson 
Published: May 2019

Sistem Kurikulum 2013 menuntut siswa untuk berperan aktif dalam proses pembelajaran di sekolah maupun belajar secara mandiri. Sehingga perlu adanya media pembelajaran yang dapat membantu siswa dalam memahami pembelajaran kimia. Kimia merupakan ilmu alam yang bersifat sebagai produk dan konsep sehingga dalam pembelajarannya dapat dilakukan melalui kegiatan praktikum. Kegiatan praktikum dibutuhkan suatu perangkat sebagai panduan dalam kerja ilmiah yang disebut buku penuntun praktikum. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah Research and Development model ADDIE (analysis, design, development, implementation, dan evaluation).Penelitian ini hanya dilakukan pada tahap awal yaitu analisis buku penuntun praktikum. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah gambaran awal buku penuntun praktikum yang sudah ada untuk dilakukan pengembangan lebih lanjut menjadi produk buku penuntun praktikum kimia inovatif sesuai kurikulum 2013.

The 2013 Curriculum System requires students to play an active role in the learning process at school and self-study independently. Therefore, learning media that can help students understand chemistry learning well are very necessary. Chemistry is a natural science that has characteristics as a product and concept so that in each learning process it can be done through practical activities. In carrying out practical activities, a tool is needed as a guide in scientific work called a practical guidebook. In this research, the study design used was the ADDIE Research and Development model (analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation). This study was only carried out at the initial stage, namely the analysis of the practical guidebook. The results obtained are the initial description of the existing practical guidebook for further development to become the product of an innovative chemistry practicum guide according to the 2013 curriculum.
Pengembangan Modul Berbasis Kontekstual Pada Materi Koloid Di Sekolah Menengah Atas
Authors: Wulandari Febiana , Juniar Anna , Ayurosalia Angeline Viska , Berutu Arfiena Fitria 
Published: May 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh modul berbasis kontekstual yang sesuai dengan kriteria penilaian Badan Standar Nasional Pendidikan (BSNP) dan mengetahui hasil belajar siswa yang diajarkan menggunakan modul yang dikembangkan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMA Panca Budi Medan. Sampel dipilih secara purposive sampling untuk mengambil satu kelas yang digunakan sebagai kelas eksperimen. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan Research and Development (R and D) dengan One Group Pretest-Postest Design. Modul yang dikembangkan dinilai menggunakan kuesioner validasi dari BSNP, sedangkan data untuk hasil belajar siswa diperoleh dari tes yang menggunakan instrument tes objektif sebanyak 20 pertanyaan yang telah diuji validitasnya, realibilitas, tingkat kesulitan, daya beda dan distruktor. Berdasarkan penilaian validator ahli ditunjukkan bahwa modul yang dikembangkan memenuhi kriteria BSNP dengan kriteria yang valid dan tidak perlu direvisi. Hasil belajar kimia siswa menggunakan modul yang dikembangkan mendapatkan nilai yang lebih tinggi dari nilai kriteria ketuntasan minimum (KKM) berarti modul yang dikembangkan layak digunakan di SMA/MA.

The research we conducted aims to obtain contextual based modules that are in accordance to the assessment criteria of the National Education Standards Agency (BSNP), and then the learning outcomes of students taught using the modules developed will be measured. This research was conducted at Panca Budi High School Medan. The sample was selected by purposive sampling to take one class used as the experimental class. This type of research belongs to the type of Research and Development (R and D) with One Group Pretest-Postest Design. The modules developed were assessed using a validated questionnaire from the BSNP, while the data for student learning outcomes were obtained from tests using objective test instruments as many as 20 questions that had been tested for validity, reliability, difficulty level, different power, and destructors. Based on the expert validator's assessment it was shown that the module developed fulfilled the BSNP criteria with valid criteria and did not need to be revised. Chemistry learning outcomes of students using the developed module get a higher value than the minimum completeness criteria (KKM), meaning that the module developed is suitable for use in the high school level.
Pemanfaatan Karbon Aktif Ampas Tebu dalam Mereduksi Asam Lemak Bebas (Free Fatty Acid) untuk Pemurnian Minyak Jelantah sebagai Biodiesel
Authors: Sari Reka M , Kembaren Agus 
Published: May 2019

Pembuatan biodiesel telah berhasil dilakukan dengan pemurnian karbon aktif ampas tebu untuk mereduksi asam lemak bebas (free fatty acid) pada minyak jelantah. Karbon dari ampas tebu diaktivasi dengan H3PO4 pada suhu 400 oC dengan massa 10 g lalu digunakan sebagai adsorben dalam pemurnian minyak jelantah. Pengujian kualitas minyak sesuai SNI 01-2901-2006 dan berhasil menurunkan kadar ALB sebesar dari 4,16% menjadi 0,336% dan bilangan peroksida 6,99 mek/kg. Penambahan metanol pada minyak dengan perbandingan 1:6 serta katalis 1% menghasilkan biodiesel sesuai SNI 04-7182-2006 dengan bilangan asam sebesar 0,6731%, bilangan iod 57,3625% dan densitas biodiesel yaitu 0,8599 g/mL. Identifikasi senyawa pembentuk biodiesel dengan GC (Gas Chromatography) menghasilkan komposisi FAME oleat, linoleat dan palmitat yaitu 43,4181%, 10,5952%, 38,6358.

In this study, biodiesel has been successfully made by purifying the activated carbon of the sugar cane pulp to reduce free fatty acids in used cooking oil. The carbon from the pulp of sugar cane is activated with H3PO4 at a temperature of 400oC with a mass of 10 g and then used as an adsorbent in refining used cooking oil. Oil quality testing produced according to SNI 01-2901-2006 and succeeded in reducing ALB levels from 4.16% to 0.336% and 6.99 mek / kg peroxide. The addition of methanol to oil with a ratio of 1: 6 and 1% catalyst produced biodiesel according to SNI 04-7182-2006 with acid numbers of 0.6731%, iodine number 57.3625% and biodiesel density which was 0.8599 g / mL. Identification of biodiesel-forming compounds with GC (Gas Chromatography) resulted in compositions of FAME oleate, linoleic and palmitic respectively 43.4181%, 10.5952%, 38.6358.
Clinical Impacts of ST- Segment Non-Resolution after Thrombolysis for Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Islam Syed Aminul , Faruque Md , Rahman Fazlur , Hoque Harisul , Fatema Nilufar 
Published: May 2019

Streptokinase therapy for acute myocardial infarction reduces early mortality and improves outcomes. Failure of reperfusion after streptokinase therapy for acute myocardial infarction is common and indicates a poor prognosis. We investigated the clinical consequences of non-resolution of the ST segment after thrombolytic therapy for acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction, in 80 consecutive patients admitted to a coronary care unit. Failed thrombolysis was defined as <50% ST-segment resolution at 90 minutes after the start of thrombolytic treatment. Outcomes were measured in terms of in hospital adverse events and mortality at 6 weeks. Thrombolysis was successful, in terms of ST-segment resolution, in 59 patients (73.75%). After adjustment for other factors, ST resolution was the only independent predictor of an uncomplicated recovery in hospital. ST-segment resolution is a useful marker of successful thrombolysis and relates to clinical outcome. Average hospital stay was 2 days greater in non resolved ST-segment group than in ST-segment resolved group. At 6 weeks overall early mortality was much lower in the ST segment resolution group (1.7% versus 57.1% with P value of <0.001). So, non resolution of ST-segment in electrocardiogram following thrombolytic therapy in acute STEMI has paramount importance. If assessed routinely it might assist, along with other clinical markers, in the identification of high risk patients.
University Heart Journal Vol. 15, No. 1, Jan 2019; 3-7
Assessment of Regional Wall Motion Abnormality in Patients with Acute Anteroseptal ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Khan Tunaggina Afrin , Ahmed Saiful , Haque Mostashirul , Amin Md Rasul , Hasan ATM Iqbal , Arzu Jahanara , Rahman Aparna , Zahid Md Abu 
Published: May 2019

Post myocardial infarction (MI) short and long term clinical outcome is largely determined by the size of the infarcted area. It is generally assumed that as the lead involvement in the 12 lead electrocardiography (ECG) is less in anteroseptal ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (AS-STEMI), where ST segment elevation (STE) is limited to leads V1 to V3, myocardial damage is likely to be less. This study was intended to assess regional wall motion abnormality (RWMA) in acute anteroseptal STEMI patients. 90 patients with AS-STEMI admitted in between October 2012 and September 2013, were included. For each patient, a transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) was performed within 24-48 hours of MI and was interpreted by an independent investigator blinded to the patient’s ECG data.The mean (± SD) age of the patients was 51.57 (± 12.02) years with mean (± SD) age of the patients was 52.58 (± 12.02) years with a range of 23 - 80 years. There were 91.1% male and 8.9% female. The mean (± SD) EF% was 38.80 %( ± 5.78). All the segments of left ventricle, except basal and mid inferolateral segments, were affected in anteroseptal STEMI. So, the term AS-STEMI may be a misnomer, as it implies that only the anteroseptal segments of the left ventricle are involved. This study shows that regional dysfunction in patients with AS-STEMI extends beyond the anteroseptal region and may be it is as much extensive as extensive anterior myocardial infarction. So, any patients with anterior wall involvement should be treated with utmost importance.
University Heart Journal Vol. 15, No. 1, Jan 2019; 28-33
TINJAUAN YURIDIS UU NO. 15 TAHUN 2001 TENTANG MEREK : SISI LAIN KELEMAHAN SISTEM FIRST TO FILE DALAM PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM ATAS MEREK SEBAGAI BAGIAN DARI HAK ATAS KEKAYAAN INTELEKTUAL (HaKI)
Authors: Yanto Oksidelfa 
Published: May 2019

Andai kata William Shakespeare masih hidup, dia akan menarik kembalipernyataannya yang berbunyi â€œapalah arti sebuah namaâ€, karena saat ini namabagi seseorang sangatlah penting. Nama adalah doa, nama adalah sebuah harapan.Seseorang yang bernama Budiman tentunya diharapkan menjadi anak yangberbudi luhur oleh kedua orang tuanya. Begitu juga dengan Soleh, yangdiharapkan kelak menjadi orang yang soleh.Di dunia bisnis dan perdagangan, nama juga berpengaruh untuk kemajuan suatuusaha. Nama pengusaha adalah merek, bisa dijadikan merek dagang atau merekjasa. Sesungguhnya, bagi pengusaha, merek bukanlah sekedar nama tanpa arti,tapi merek adalah produk bernilai tinggi. Karena suatu merek dapat menghasilkanÂ keuntungan yang berbeda dibandingkan dengan merek lain. Ciri khas perusahaan,misalnya melaui simbol, gambar, warna, angka, kata-kata atau kombinasi dariseluruh elemen tersebut seperti tercantum dalam pasal 1, ayat 1, UU no. 15 tahun2001 tentang Merek.Meskipun pada prakteknya cara ini kerap digunakan dalam membangun suatumerek yang melekat pada konsumen walaupun tidak sehat, yaitu dengan caraâ€œmenumpangâ€ nama pada suatu merek yang sudah terdaftar atau terkenal dipasaran. Cara seperti ini melanggar prosedur akuisisi suatu merek demi tujuanperdagangan dan jasa
PENGELOLAAN WILAYAH PESISIR DAN PULAU-PULAU KECIL DI INDONESIA (Dalam Perspektif Perlindungan Hukum bagi Hak-hak Ekonomi Masyarakat Tradisional)
Authors: Fajri Chikmawati Nurul 
Published: May 2019

Wilayah pesisir dan pulau-pulau kecil merupakan wilayah perkembangan baruyang memiliki potensi sangat besar bagi peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat,khususnya masyarakat pesisir. Wilayah ini selain memiliki fungsi konservasi, jugamemiliki fungsi lain sangat penting bagi penyediaan barang dan jasa kelautan.Potensi yang besar ini perlu dikelola dengan pendekatan terintegrasi antar sektoragar keseluruhan fungsi dapat dimanfaatkan dengan baik dan berkelanjutan.Untuk itu Pemerintah menerbitkan Undang-Undang No. 27 Tahun 2007 tentangPengelolaan Wilayah Pesisir dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil, yang kemudian direvisidengan Undang-Undang No. 1 Tahun 2014 atas Perubahan Undang-UndangNo.27 Tahun 2007 tentang Pengelolaan Wilayah Pesisir dan Pulau-Pulau Kecildengan alasan belum mewujudkan pendekatan Integrated Coastal Management,yang ditandai dengan tidak adanya pembaharuan atas penguasaan danpengusahaan yang timpang dan adanya ketidaksinkronan dengan peraturanÂ perundang-undang lainnya. Undang-Undang ini juga dianggap lebihmementingkan aspek investasi dan lebih berpihak kepada dunia usaha sehinggatidak ada ruang bagi masyarakat, khususnya masyarakat nelayan tradisional danmasyarakat adat dalam pengusulan rencana pengelolaan wilayah pesisir danpulau-pulau kecil. Dengan adanya revisi maka diharapkan hak-hak masyarakattradisional, khususnya hak-hak ekonomi secara umum diakomodir sejak dalamproses perencanaan, pemanfaatan dan pengawasan serta pengawasan terkaitdengan pengelolaan WP3K.
Soil Water Content Estimation Using High-Frequency Ground Penetrating Radar
Authors: Zhou Ligang , Yu Dongsheng , Wang Zhaoyan , Wang Xiangdong 
Published: May 2019

The rapid high-precision and nondestructive determination of shallow soil water content (SWC) is of vital importance to precision agriculture and water resource management. However, the low-frequency ground penetrating radar (GPR) technology currently in use is insufficient for precisely determining the shallow SWC. Therefore, it is essential to develop and use a high-precision detection technology to determine SWC. In this paper, a laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the use of a high-frequency GPR antenna to determine the SWC of loamy sand, clay, and silty loam. We collected soil samples (0–20 cm) of six soil types of loamy sand, clay, and silty loam and used a high-frequency (2-GHz) GPR antenna to determine the SWC. In addition, we obtained GPR data and images as well as characteristic parameters of the electromagnetic spectrum and analyzed the quantitative relationship with SWC. The GPR reflection two-way travel times and the known depths of reflectors were used to calculate the average soil dielectric permittivities above the reflectors and establish a spatial relationship between the soil dielectric permittivity ( ε ) and SWC ( θ ), which was used to estimate the depth-averaged SWC. The results show that the SWC, which affects the attenuation of wave energy and the wave velocity of the GPR signal, is a dominant factor affecting the soil dielectric permittivity. In addition, the conductivity, magnetic soil, soil texture, soil organic matter, and soil temperature have substantial effects on the soil dielectric permittivity, which consequentially affects the prediction of SWC. The correlation coefficients R2 of the “ θ ~ ε ” cubic curve models, which were used to fit the relationships between the soil dielectric permittivity ( ε ) and SWC ( θ ), were greater than 0.89, and the root-mean-square errors were less than 2.9%, which demonstrate that high-frequency GPR technology can be applied to determine shallow SWC under variable hydrological conditions.
Menerapkan Prinsip Pelayanan Konseling Berdasarkan Injil Yohanes
Authors: Selvianti Selvianti 
Published: May 2019

Counseling is a form of ministry that plays an important role in everyone's life, because everyone is always faced with various problems and in general people often have difficulty dealing with and resolving their problems. Therefore, a competent counselor is needed to provide careful consideration so that it can determine the right decision. The qualification of a counselor greatly influences effective counseling services. The example of a competent counselor can be learned from Jesus Christ because Jesus' loyalty as a counselor causes everyone to always seek and seek advice from Him. The principle of counseling services carried out by Jesus based on the Gospel of John uses very interesting counseling approaches according to the context of the counselee where every problem faced by the counselee can be resolved properly. The main thing that is always made by Jesus in counseling services is solving the problem of sin and sharpening the correct recognition of God because it is the foundation for the counselee in achieving life change. Life change is the main goal in every effective counseling service that is in accordance with Bible principles. Abstrak: Konseling merupakan bentuk pelayanan yang memegang peranan penting dalam kehidupan setiap orang, sebab setiap orang selalu diperhadapkan dengan berbagai masalah dan pada umumnya orang sering mengalami kesulitan menghadapi dan menyelesaikan masalalnya. Oleh sebab itu, dibutuhkan seorang konselor yang kompeten untuk memberikan pertimbangan yang matang sehingga dapat menentukan keputusan yang benar. Kualifikasi seorang konselor sangat mempengaruhi pelayanan konseling yang efektif. Teladan seorang konselor yang kompeten dapat dipelajari dari diri Yesus Kristus sebab loyalitas Yesus sebagai konselor menyebabkan setiap orang selalu mencari dan meminta nasihat kepada-Nya. Prinsip pelayanan konseling yang dilakukan oleh Yesus berdasarkan Injil Yohanes menggunakan pendekatan-pendekatan konseling yang sangat menarik sesuai konteks si konseli dimana setiap masalah yang dihadapi konseli pasti dapat diselesaikan-Nya dengan baik. Hal utama yang selalu dibuat Yesus dalam pelayanan konseling adalah penyelesaian masalah dosa dan mempertajam pengenalan yang benar kepada Allah karena hal tersebut merupakan fondasi bagi konseli dalam mencapai perubahan hidup. Perubahan hidup adalah sasaran utama dalam setiap pelayanan konseling yang efektif yang sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip Alkitab.
Memahami Bangsa-bangsa Lain dalam Injil Matius
Authors: Putra Adi 
Published: May 2019

This article described one of the uniqueness of the Gospel of Matthew, namely: the emergence of systemic and consistent elements of other nations (gentile). Though Matthew's Gospel is a gospel written for Jews with an emphasis on fulfilling the Old Testament in Jesus and His ministry. Then, why are the elements of other nations in it? This paper answers it by looking more at the salvation (soteriology) aspects designed by God and also includes other nations in it. Abstrak: Artikel ini menjelaskan salah satu keunikan dari Injil Matius, di mana secara sistematis dan konsisten menjelaskan unsur bangsa-bangsa lain (gentile). Meskipun injil Matius ditulis kepada orang Yahudi dengan sebuah penekanan penggenapan PL dalam Yesus dan pelayanan-Nya. Lalu, mengapa unsur bangsa-bangsa lain dijelaskan secara konsisten dan sistematis di dalamnya? Penelitian ini menjawabnya dengan melihat lebih kepada aspek keselamatan yang telah didesain oleh Allah juga bagi bangsa-bangsa lain