bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal and familial correlates of anthropometric typologies in the nutrition transition of Colombia, 2000–2010
Authors: Parra Diana C , Gomez Luis F , Iannotti Lora , Haire-Joshu Debra , Sebert Kuhlmann Anne K , Brownson Ross C 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to assess the maternal and family determinants of four anthropometric typologies at the household level in Colombia for the years 2000, 2005 and 2010.DesignWe classified children <5 years old according to height-for-age Z-score (<−2) and BMI-for-age Z-score (>2) to assess stunting and overweight/obesity, respectively; mothers were categorized according to BMI to assess underweight (<18·5 kg/m2) and overweight/obesity (≥25·0 kg/m2). At the household level, we established four final anthropometric typologies: normal, underweight, overweight and dual-burden households. Separate polytomous logistic regression models for each of the surveyed years were developed to examine several maternal and familial determinants of the different anthropometric typologies.SettingNational and sub-regional (urban and rural) representative samples from Colombia, South America.SubjectsDrawing on data from three waves of Colombia’s Demographic and Health Survey/Encuesta Nacional de Salud (DHS/ENDS), we examined individual and household information from mothers (18–49 years) and their children (birth–5 years).ResultsHigher parity was associated with an increased likelihood of overweight and dual burden. Higher levels of maternal education were correlated with lower prevalence of overweight, underweight and dual burden of malnutrition in all data collection waves. In 2010, participation in nutrition programmes for children <5 years, being an indigenous household, food purchase decisions by the mother and food security classification were also associated with the four anthropometric typologies.ConclusionsResults suggest that maternal and family correlates of certain anthropometric typologies at the household level may be used to better frame policies aimed at improving social conditions and nutrition outcomes.
Lorentz Transmission Electron Microscopy Image Simulations of Experimental Nano-Chessboard Observations in Co-Pt Alloys
Authors: Kashyap Isha , Jin Yongmei M. , Vetter Eric P. , Floro Jerrold A. , De Graef Marc 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe magnetization configuration of a novel nano-chessboard structure consisting of L10and L12phases in a Co40Pt60alloy is investigated using Lorentz transmission electron microscopy (LTEM) and micro-magnetic simulations. We show high-resolution LTEM images of nano-size magnetic features acquired through spherical aberration correction in Lorentz Fresnel mode. Phase reconstructions and LTEM image simulations are carried out to fully understand the magnetic microstructure. The experimental Fresnel images of the nano-chessboard structure show zig-zag shaped magnetic domain walls at the inter-phase boundaries between L10and L12phases. A circular magnetization distribution with vortex and anti-vortex type arrangement is evident in the phase reconstructed magnetic induction maps as well as simulated maps. The magnetic contrast in experimental LTEM images is interpreted with the help of magnetic induction maps simulated for various relative electron beam-sample orientations inside the TEM.
Undernutrition in childhood resulted in bad dietary behaviors and the increased risk of hypertension in a middle-aged Chinese population
Authors: Zhang L. , Sheng J. , Xuan Y. , Xuan P. , Zhou J. , Fan Y. , Zhu X. , Liu K. , Yang L. , Tao F. , Wang S. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis study was designed to explore the association between undernutrition in the growth period and cardiovascular risk factors in a middle-aged Chinese population. A total of 1756 subjects, aged 45–60 years, were invited to participate in the Hefei Nutrition and Health Study and divided into three groups according to their self-reported animal food intake in the growth period. Group 1, Group 2 and Group 3 were defined as undernutrition, nutritional improvement and the good nutrition group, respectively. In the three groups, the subjects in Groups 1 and 2 had more oil and salt intake (P<0.001), and less eggs and milk intake (P<0.001), when compared with the subjects in Group 3. After adjusting for age, education, smoking status and other confounding factors, it was found that male participants who experienced nutritional improvement before age 18 had higher risk of hypertension [odds ratio (OR)=1.68; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.05, 2.69] than those with good nutrition, and female participants with undernutrition (OR=1.52; 95% CI: 1.01, 2.29) and nutritional improvement (OR=1.68; 95% CI: 1.04, 2.69) before age 18 had a higher risk of hypertension than those with good nutrition. For diabetes, obesity, hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia, our results did not found difference among the three groups both in male and female. Our findings indicated that nutritional deficiency in childhood was associated with bad dietary behaviors and a significantly increased risk of hypertension in middle age. Therefore, early adequate nutrition is very important for the prevention of non-communicable diseases later.
A Higher‐resolution Version of the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI‐ESM1.2‐HR)
Authors: Müller W. A. , Jungclaus J. H. , Mauritsen T. , Baehr J. , Bittner M. , Budich R. , Bunzel F. , Esch M. , Ghosh R. , Haak H. , Ilyina T. , Kleine T. , Kornblueh L. , Li H. , Modali K. , Notz D. , Pohlmann H. , Roeckner E. , Stemmler I. , Tian F. , Marotzke J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe MPI‐ESM1.2 is the latest version of the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model and is the baseline for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 and current seasonal and decadal climate predictions. This paper evaluates a coupled higher‐resolution version (MPI‐ESM1.2‐HR) in comparison with its lower‐resolved version (MPI‐ESM1.2‐LR). We focus on basic oceanic and atmospheric mean states and selected modes of variability, the El Niño/Southern Oscillation and the North Atlantic Oscillation. The increase in atmospheric resolution in MPI‐ESM1.2‐HR reduces the biases of upper‐level zonal wind and atmospheric jet stream position in the northern extratropics. This results in a decrease of the storm track bias over the northern North Atlantic, for both winter and summer season. The blocking frequency over the European region is improved in summer, and North Atlantic Oscillation and related storm track variations improve in winter. Stable Atlantic meridional overturning circulations are found with magnitudes of ~16 Sv for MPI‐ESM1.2‐HR and ~20 Sv for MPI‐ESM1.2‐LR at 26°N. A strong sea surface temperature bias of ~5°C along with a too zonal North Atlantic current is present in both versions. The sea surface temperature bias in the eastern tropical Atlantic is reduced by ~1°C due to higher‐resolved orography in MPI‐ESM‐HR, and the region of the cold‐tongue bias is reduced in the tropical Pacific. MPI‐ESM1.2‐HR has a well‐balanced radiation budget and its climate sensitivity is explicitly tuned to 3 K. Although the obtained reductions in long‐standing biases are modest, the improvements in atmospheric dynamics make this model well suited for prediction and impact studies.
Rationale and Efficacy of Assimilating Remotely Sensed Potential Evapotranspiration for Reduced Uncertainty of Hydrologic Models
Authors: Rajib Adnan , Merwade Venkatesh , Yu Zhiqiang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe objective of this study is to systematically attribute sources of evapotranspiration uncertainty in a hydrologic model and accordingly propose a remote sensing‐based solution. Using Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) for three U.S. watersheds, representing different geophysical settings, this study first addresses the effects of parameter equifinality, energy‐related weather input uncertainty, and limited process representation on evapotranspiration simulation. Remotely sensed 8‐day total actual evapotranspiration (AET) from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is used as a reference to evaluate the model outcome. Results indicate the likelihood of a pseudo‐accurate model showing high streamflow prediction skill despite severely erroneous spatiotemporal dynamics of AET. As a remedial measure, a hybrid daily potential evapotranspiration (PET) estimate, derived from MODIS, is directly ingested at each hydrologic response unit of the model to create a new configuration called SWAT‐PET. A key contribution is the modified SWAT source code that integrates the model (i.e., SWAT‐PET) with an automatic remote sensing data processor. The underlying notion is that remotely sensed PET works as a surrogate of actual vegetation dynamics, biophysical processes, and energy balance, without overruling the model's built‐in soil moisture accounting. Noticeably, increased accuracy of soil moisture, AET, and streamflow in SWAT‐PET, compared to independent sources of observations/reference estimates (i.e., field sensor, satellite, and gauge stations), approves the efficacy of the proposed approach toward improved physical consistency of hydrologic modeling. While the idea is tested for a past period, the ultimate goal is to improve near‐real‐time hydrologic forecasting once such PET estimates become available.
Strong Linkage Between Precipitation Intensity and Monsoon Season Groundwater Recharge in India
Authors: Asoka Akarsh , Wada Yoshihide , Fishman Ram , Mishra Vimal 
Published: June 2018

AbstractGroundwater is a lifeline for millions of people in India, which is affected by the year‐to‐year variability of precipitation amount and characteristics (low and high intensity). Precipitation intensity has been observed and projected to change in India. However, the crucial impact of precipitation intensity on groundwater recharge in India remains unknown. Here we use in situ data from more than 5,800 groundwater wells to show that precipitation intensity is strongly linked with groundwater recharge in India. In the northwest and north central India, the monsoon season groundwater recharge is linked with the low‐intensity precipitation, while in South India high‐intensity precipitation is a major driver of groundwater recharge. Observed long‐term changes in precipitation characteristics show a decline in the low‐intensity rain in the northwest and north central India that are strongly driven by sea surface temperature over the Pacific Ocean. Increases in the high‐intensity precipitation in South India are linked with the sea surface temperatures in the Atlantic Ocean. Our results highlight the importance of precipitation intensity for the monsoon season groundwater recharge in India, which can provide insights to sustainably manage rapidly declining groundwater resources in India.
International Geophysical Year: Space Weather Impacts in February 1958
Authors: Lanzerotti Louis J. , Baker Daniel N. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSixty years ago the large February 1958 geomagnetic storm in the International Geophysical Year produced significant impacts on the electrical technologies of the day. The impacts of this major storm had considerable public exposure and interest. In the six decades since the large International Geophysical Year storm, the technology elements impacted during that storm—communications and power systems—continue to be employed, sometimes in new ways. Importantly, over the decades new human technologies that can be impacted by space weather processes have been invented and implemented. Continued progress is required in the research and understanding of space processes so as to design for, mitigate against, and operate through severe geomagnetic disturbances.
CARK1 mediates ABA signaling by phosphorylation of ABA receptors
Authors: Zhang Liang , Li Xiaoyi , Li Dekuan , Sun Yuna , Li Ying , Luo Qin , Liu Zhibin , Wang Jianmei , Li Xufeng , Zhang Hong , Lou Zhiyong , Yang Yi 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe function of abscisic acid (ABA) is mediated by its receptors termed RCARs/PYR1/PYLs. Modulation of ABA signaling is vital for plant growth and development. The RCAR-PP2C-SnRK2 regulatory modules have been defined as the core components in ABA signaling. However, it is still not clear whether and how the ABA receptors could be modified at the initial post-translational stage to fine-tune ABA transduction pathway. Here we identify and characterize the putative receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase (RLCK) in Arabidopsis named CARK1, which interacts with RCAR3 (PYL8) and RCAR11 (PYR1) in the manner of phosphorylation. Structural studies of CARK1 revealed the critical active site, N204, which accounts for the kinase activity and the direct interaction with RCAR3/RCAR11. CARK1 phosphorylates RCAR3/RCAR11 at one conserved threonine site, T77/T78. Our genetic analyses further demonstrated that CARK1 positively regulates ABA-mediated physiological responses and overexpression of CARK1 in Arabidopsis distinctly promotes the drought resistance. Moreover, the phosphor-mimic form of RCAR11 in the cark1 mutant is able to functionally complement the ABA sensitivity. CARK1 positively regulates ABA-responsive gene expression and enhances RCAR3/RCAR11’s inhibition to Clade A PP2C. Taken together, our studies strongly support the functional significance of CARK1 in positively regulating ABA signaling via phosphorylation on RCAR3/RCAR11 in Arabidopsis.
Specific hippocampal representations are linked to generalized cortical representations in memory
Authors: Yu Jai Y. , Liu Daniel F. , Loback Adrianna , Grossrubatscher Irene , Frank Loren M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMemories link information about specific experiences to more general knowledge that is abstracted from and contextualizes those experiences. Hippocampal-cortical activity patterns representing features of past experience are reinstated during awake memory reactivation events, but whether representations of both specific and general features of experience are simultaneously reinstated remains unknown. We examined hippocampal and prefrontal cortical firing patterns during memory reactivation in rats performing a well-learned foraging task with multiple spatial paths. We found that specific hippocampal place representations are preferentially reactivated with the subset of prefrontal cortical task representations that generalize across different paths. Our results suggest that hippocampal-cortical networks maintain links between stored representations for specific and general features of experience, which could support abstraction and task guidance in mammals.
A toll-like receptor 9 antagonist restores below-level glial glutamate transporter expression in the dorsal horn following spinal cord injury
Authors: Pallottie Alexandra , Ratnayake Ayomi , Ni Li , Acioglu Cigdem , Li Lun , Mirabelli Ersilia , Heary Robert F. , Elkabes Stella 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSpinal cord (SC) trauma elicits pathological changes at the primary lesion and in regions distant from the injury epicenter. Therapeutic agents that target mechanisms at the injury site are likely to exert additional effects in these remote regions. We previously reported that a toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) antagonist, oligodeoxynucleotide 2088 (ODN 2088), improves functional deficits and modulates the milieu at the epicenter in mice sustaining a mid-thoracic contusion. The present investigations use the same paradigm to assess ODN 2088-elicited alterations in the lumbar dorsal horn (LDH), a region remote from the injury site where SCI-induced molecular alterations have been well defined. We report that ODN 2088 counteracts the SCI-elicited decrease in glial glutamate aspartate transporter (GLAST) and glutamate transporter 1 (GLT1) levels, whereas the levels of the neuronal glutamate transporter excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1) and astroglial GABA transporter 3 (GAT3) were unaffected. The restoration of GLAST and GLT1 was neither paralleled by a global effect on astrocyte and microglia activation nor by changes in the expression of cytokines and growth factors reported to regulate these transporters. We conclude that the effects of intrathecal ODN 2088 treatment extend to loci beyond the epicenter by selectively targeting glial glutamate transporters.
Effect of Strong Opinions on the Dynamics of the Majority-Vote Model
Authors: Vilela André L. M. , Stanley H. Eugene 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe study how the presence of individuals with strong opinions affects a square lattice majority-vote model with noise. In a square lattice network we perform Monte-Carlo simulations and replace regular actors σ with strong actors μ in a random distribution. We find that the value of the critical noise parameter q
c
is a decreasing function of the concentration r of strong actors in the social interaction network. We calculate the critical exponents β/ν, γ/ν, and 1/ν and find that the presence of strong actors does not change the Ising universality class of the isotropic majority-vote model.
Reelin and aromatase cooperate in ovarian follicle development
Authors: Meseke Maurice , Pröls Felicitas , Schmahl Camilla , Seebo Katja , Kruse Claas , Brandt Nicola , Fester Lars , Zhou Lepu , Bender Roland , Rune Gabriele M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractReelin plays an important role in cerebral cortex development and synaptogenesis. In the hippocampus, the neurosteroid estrogen affects reelin expression. In this study we tested a potential crosstalk between estradiol and reelin, thus the possibility of a reelin-induced activation of the estradiol synthesizing enzyme aromatase. As a model system, we used ovaries, which express reelin and are a major source of estradiol. We found that in wild-type mice, reelin and aromatase are expressed in granulosa cells of growing follicles. The expression of reelin varies with the estrus cycle and is highest shortly before ovulation, when estradiol serum levels are at their maximum. In ovaries of reelin-deficient reeler mice, aromatase mRNA and protein are significantly reduced, as evidenced by real-time PCR, western blot analysis, and quantitative immunohistochemistry in granulosa cells of preovulatory follicles. In line with reduced estradiol synthesis, ovarian estrus cycle length is prolonged in reeler mice. Most importantly, treating cultured granulosa cells with recombinant reelin results in significant upregulation of aromatase mRNA and protein and increased secretion of estradiol into the supernatant. Our data provide evidence of a local increase of aromatase expression by reelin. Regarding reproduction, this crosstalk may contribute to follicular stability and counteract luteinization in ovaries.
Blocking the 5′ splice site of exon 4 by a morpholino oligomer triggers APOL1 protein isoform switch
Authors: Cheatham Amber M. , Davis Shamara E. , Khatua Atanu K. , Popik Waldemar 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAPOL1 risk alleles G1 or G2 are associated with a kidney disease phenotype exclusively in people of recent African ancestry. Here we show that exon 4 encoding a part of the APOL1 signal peptide is constitutively spliced in major APOL1 transcripts expressed in kidney glomerular and tubular cells. We demonstrate that constitutive splicing of exon 4 results from a suboptimal hnRNP A1 binding motif found in exon 4. Accordingly, a robust binding of hnRNP A1 protein to a consensus hnRNP A1 cis-acting element in exon 4 results in almost complete exclusion of exon 4 from the APOL1 minigene transcripts. Blocking the 5′ splice site at the exon 4/intron boundary with a specific antisense morpholino oligonucleotide excludes exon 4 from the splicing pattern of endogenous APOL1 transcripts. These transcripts are fully functional and produce APOL1 protein isoform that is not normally detectable in podocytes. Together with our previous data showing no cytotoxicity of overexpressed APOL1 isoform lacking exon 4, we propose that morpholino-induced APOL1 isoform switch may provide a new tool to identify in vivo molecular mechanism(s) by which risk alleles promote or mediate the kidney disease phenotype.
Iterative map-making with two-level preconditioning for polarized cosmic microwave background data sets
Authors: Puglisi Giuseppe , Poletti Davide , Fabbian Giulio , Baccigalupi Carlo , Heltai Luca , Stompor Radek 
Published: June 2018

Context. An estimation of the sky signal from streams of time ordered data (TOD) acquired by the cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments is one of the most important steps in the context of CMB data analysis referred to as the map-making problem. The continuously growing CMB data sets render the CMB map-making problem progressively more challenging in terms of computational cost and memory in particular in the context of ground-based experiments with their operational limitations as well as the presence of contaminants.
Aims. We study a recently proposed, novel class of the Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient (PCG) solvers which invoke two-level preconditioners in the context of the ground-based CMB experiments. We compare them against the PCG solvers commonly used in the map-making context considering their precision and time-to-solution.
Methods. We compare these new methods on realistic, simulated data sets reflecting the characteristics of current and forthcoming CMB ground-based experiments. We develop a divide-and-conquer implementation of the approach where each processor performs a sequential map-making for a subset of the TOD.
Results. We find that considering the map level residuals, the new class of solvers permits us to achieve a tolerance that is better than the standard approach by up to three orders of magnitude, where the residual level often saturates before convergence is reached. This often corresponds to an important improvement in the precision of the recovered power spectra in particular on the largest angular scales. The new method also typically requires fewer iterations to reach a required precision and therefore shorter run times are required for a single map-making solution. However, the construction of an appropriate two-level preconditioner can be as costly as a single standard map-making run. Nevertheless, if the same problem needs to be solved multiple times, for example, as in Monte Carlo simulations, this cost is incurred only once, and the method should be competitive, not only as far as its precision is concerned but also its performance.