bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lipid Lowering Therapy with Statins in Patients with Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Korneva V. A. , Kuznetsova T. Yu. , Tihova G. P. 
Published: April 2019

Aim: to analyze adherence of FH patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) to the statin therapy and reveal factors, which influence it; to assess the degree of target level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLCH) achievement by FH patients on statin therapy. Materials and methods. We included in this study 203 FH patients aged >18 years (mean age 50.0±1.1 years, 82 men). Definite FH was diagnosed in 96 persons, in the other patients FH was considered possible. For evaluating the adherence to therapy with statins we used the Morisky-Green questionnaire. Results. Among patients with definite FH 57 % were adherent to lipid-lowering therapy, 16 % were partially adherent, and 27 % – not adherent. Target LDLCH levels were achieved in 22.6 % and 12.5 % of patients with definite and possible FH, respectively. Smoking and gender were not associated with adherence to statin therapy. Factors associated with higher adherence were age (p=0.000003), arterial hypertension (odds ratio [OR] 1.90, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.02 to 3.55], p=0.044), ischemic heart disease (IHD) (OR=2.99, 95 %CI 1.50 to 5.97, p=0.002), history of myocardial infarction (MI) (OR 5.26, 95 %CI 2.03 to 13.60, p=0.0006), history of myocardial revascularization (OR 20.3, 95 %CI 2.64 to 156.11, p=0.004) and the fact of achieving target LDLCH level (OR 19.93, 95 %CI 7.03 to 56.50, p<0.0001). The main reason for the refuse from statin therapy in 87 % of patients was fear of side effects. Main reasons for stopping of ongoing therapy were: myalgia, an increase in transaminases, skin rashes, and high cost in 12, 35, 12, and 6 % of patients, respectively. The decision to withdraw therapy with statins was made by 29 % of patients by themselves. Conclusion. In this study 57 % of patients with definite FH were adherent to statin therapy. Factors associated with increased adherence were age, hypertension, IHD, history of MI, history of myocardial revascularization, achievement of target LDLCH level. Target LDLCH levels were achieved by 22.6 and 12.5 %% of patients with definite and possible FH, respectively.
Electrhopysiological Effect of the Polyamine Spermine in Normoxic and Ischemic Ventricular Myocardium
Authors: Kuzmin V. S. , Egorov Yu. V. , Rozenshtraukh L. V. 
Published: April 2019

Cytoplasmic polyamines (PA) are involved in control of many cellular functions and are well known as regulators of so called inward-rectifier potassium ion channels. Nevertheless, functional significance of extracellular PA in the heart is poorly elucidated. Aim of this study was to study effects of endogenous PA spermine in the ventricular myocardium. Effects of the extracellular spermine were investigated in isolated multicellular preparations of rabbit and rat ventricular myocardium. Langendorff-perfused isolated rat and rabbit hearts were also used. Action potential (APs) duration and pattern of excitation in ventricular myocardium were estimated using standard microelectrode technique and optical mapping. Functional refractory periods were assessed in Langendorff perfused hearts with the help of programmedelectrical stimulation of the ventricle. In this study extracellular PA spermine (0.1–5 mM) induced shortening of the APs in multicellular preparations of rat ventricular myocardium registered using sharp microelectrode technique. However, spermine caused only weak effect in preparations of ventricular myocardium from rabbit heart: highest tested concentration of spermine (5 mM) induced 4.7 % APs shortening. Similarly, 0.1–1 mM of spermine was unable to alter substantially ventricular effective refractory periods in isolated perfused rabbit hearts. In two animal species tested (rat and rabbit) 0.1–1 mM of spermine failed to affect conduction velocity and activation pattern in ventricles of isolated Langendorff-perfused hearts under normoxia. However, in the rat no-flow model of ischemia-reperfusion extracellular spermine improved conduction of excitation in ventricles. Our results allow suggesting that extracellular spermine can prevent ischemia-induced proarrhythmic changes in ventricular myocardium probably due to reduction of calcium accumulation, but this effect is significant only when PA is applied in millimolar concentrations. Also, potential anti-ischemic effect of the PA may be species specific.
Predictors for development of major cardiovascular events in elderly patients with severe and extremely severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in combination with early stages of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Nekrasov A. A. , Timoshchenko E. S. , Erofeeva S. G. , Karpukhina E. V. 
Published: April 2019

The aim of the study was to evaluate efficacy, safety and treatment compliance for different ASA forms (Aspirin Cardio, Cardiomagnyl and Trombo Ass) in a 6-month study. Materials and methods. A prospective 6-month open, comparative study originally included 600 patients with IHD and stable angina who received chronic therapy with different forms of aspirin. In the prospective part of the study, these patients were subdivided into four groups: group 1 consisted of 200 patients switched to Aspirin Cardio; group 2 – 200 pa - tients receiving chronic therapy with this drug; group 3 – 100 patients continuing on the Trombo Ass treatment; and group 4 – 100 pa - tients who had been treated with Cardiomagnyl for a long time. Efficacy, safety and compliance to the treatment were evaluated using standard tests and analogue scales; symptoms of dyspepsia were evaluated with a study-specific questionnaire. Switching to Aspirin Cardio (group 1) was on discretion of the physician in charge based on the history of gastrointestinal (GI) complications or significant manifestations of dyspepsia. Results. The efficacy in prevention of cardiovascular events was similar in all groups. No “major” or “minor, clinically significant” bleeding (ISTH) were observed. Proportions of patients with “minor” bleeding were similar in all groups with a tendency towards their decrease under the Aspirin Cardio treatment. After switching to Aspirin Cardio, positive changes in severity of GI symptoms by results of the questionnaire: a significant improvement of compliance by the treatment satisfaction index in group 1 and 2; and a 1.7 time decrease in the proportion of ASA-noncompliant patients were observed. According to the results of ROC analysis an average GI symptom score ≥3 predicted an improvement of compliance in case of switching to Aspirin Cardio with a diagnostic sensitivity of 72.3% and specificity of 51.1% (р=0.012) as well as alleviation of GI symptoms (sensitivity, 74.5%; specificity, 63.8%, р=0.001). Conclusions. Different dosage forms of ASA are characterized with similar efficacy in prevention of cardiovascular events and effects on the risk of bleeding. Aspirin Cardio showed a better tolerability due to a less effect on GI symptoms. It provided a better compliance to chronic treatment. This study confirmed advisability of using the proposed questionnaire to evaluate GI symptoms for specification of prediction and modification of therapy.
Automatic detection of ventricular and supraventricular wide QRS arrhythmias using complex of morphological criteria and algorithms
Authors: Budanova M. A. , Chmelevsky M. P. , Treshkur T. V. , Aseev A. V. , Tikhonenko V. M. 
Published: April 2019

Aim. The aim of study is a detection of ventricular and supraventricular wide QRS arrhythmias using complex of morphological criteria and algorithms by method of automatic analysis. Materials and methods. For 100 patients (m/f – 61/39, Me (min; max) – 44.5 (10; 85) years) of researched group the analysis of 14306 single wide ectopic complexes (QRS 120–230 ms) has been done. Wide complexes include 11028 (77%) ventricular complexes and 3278 (23%) supraventricular complexes represented by 145 different forms of QRS. For verification of arrhythmias origin transesophageal ECG recording and endocardial electrophysiological study were done. The control group included 59 patients (m/f – 25/34, Me (min; max) – 49.5 (14,85) years) with 720 wide QRS, including 467 (65%) ventricular and 253 (35%) supraventricular complexes represented by 86 forms of QRS. The criteria Drew B.J., Scheinman M.M. (1995); Wellens H.J. (1978), RWPT II (Pava LF, 2010) and the algorithms of Brugada P. (1991); Bayesian (2000); Vereckei A. (2008) were used to evaluate sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of wide QRS complexes recognition one by one and together, using the method of Wald sequential automatic analysis (KT Result3, CJSC INCART, Russia) and method of artificial neural networks. Results. The best results for the detection of ventricular arrhythmias algorithms were demonstrated by the Brugada P., Drew B.J., Scheinman M.M. algorithm (sensitivity 86.43%, specificity 66.73%, diagnostic accuracy 82.14% in the study group, sensitivity 81.80%, specificity 73.12%, diagnostic accuracy 78.75% in the control group), and the Bayesian algorithm (sensitivity 87.81%, specificity 73.62%, diagnostic accuracy 84.72% in the study group, sensitivity 83.30%, specificity 77.08%, diagnostic accuracy 81.11% in the control group). A complex analysis of the Wald method recognized ventricular arrhythmias in the research group with sensitivity 83.11%, specificity 83.65%, diagnostic accuracy 83.23% and in the control group with a sensitivity 83.51%, specificity of 84.58% and diagnostic accuracy 83.89%. Artificial neural networks recognized ventricular arrhythmias with sensitivity 91.43%, specificity 91.30% and diagnostic accuracy 91.39% in the control group and with sensitivity 97.06%, specificity 99.39% and diagnostic accuracy 97.6% in the research group. Conclusion. Automatic analysis allows obtaining simultaneously the results of each algorithms/criteria and in combination. It significantly reduces the doctor’s work in assessing of amplitude-time characteristics of the complexes. Using artificial neural networks increases the accuracy of of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias recognition.
A RELAÇÃO ARTÍSTICA DE DUNCAN E CRAIG EM TRÊS IMAGENS CINÉTICAS
Authors: Della Costa Rossana Perdomini 
Published: April 2019

O presente artigo se insere no tema da dança moderna e suas influências ao considerar as reverberações das obras de Isadora Duncan e Edward Gordon Craig abordadas em três imagens cinéticas: a dança e o teatro do futuro; a Übermarionnette e seus possíveis desdobramentos e o Projeto Scene, o corpo e o espaço. Para desenvolver o exercício de pensamento desse texto foram utilizadas as noções foucaultianas de imagem e deslocamento. Conclui-se que não há sinais de esgotamento da potência do processo criativo dos dois artistas.
The Impact of Stress Shadowing and Geomechanical Effects on Gas Production From Marcellus Shale
Authors: El Sgher Mohamed , Aminian Kashy , Ameri Samuel 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Unconventional resources play an important role in meeting the energy demand across the world. In the United States, the unconventional resource development especially shale gas is booming. In order to achieve commercial production from ultra-low permeability shale formations, it necessary to use horizontal wells with multiple hydraulic fracture stages. The properties of the hydraulic fractures and as a result the production performance of the horizontal well with multiple fractures are impacted by the stress conditions during the fracturing and the production. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of the stress shadowing and geomechanical factors on the gas production from the horizontal wells with multiple hydraulic fractures completed in Marcellus Shale.
The fracture treatment data and shale properties (Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, and in-situ stresses) from a Marcellus Shale horizontal well were utilized in conjunction with a commercially available hydraulic fracturing software to estimate of the hydraulic fracture properties for different stages which are impacted by stress shadowing. Laboratory measurements as well as the published studies on Marcellus shale core plugs provided the foundation for establishing the geomechanical factors relative to the matrix permeability, fissure permeability, and the hydraulic fracture conductivity. The predicted hydraulic fracture properties for different stages as well as the geomechanical factors were incorporated in a reservoir simulation model to predict the production performance of the horizontal wells under study.
The inclusion of the stress shadowing effects provided a close match between the simulated and actual production performance for the well under study. Furthermore, the inclusion of the geomechanical factors in the model improved the simulation results particularly in the early stages of the production. The results indicated the stress shadowing negatively impacted the production. The impact of the stress shadowing can be reduced by increasing the fracture spacing.
A Novel Meshing Routine for Modeling Reservoirs with Multiple Curved and Intersecting Faults in Coupled Flow-Geomechanical Dual 3D Grids
Authors: Bubshait Abdulrahman , Jha Birendra 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
We use a novel meshing routine to build a coupled flow-geomechanical model of injection and production in a caprock-reservoir-basement system with two conjugate curved faults that resemble a horst-graben or a synthetic-antithetic fault structure. The routine provides the 3D coordinates of each corner in the grid in a CMG grid file format. Our workflow enables us to represent the two faults as 3D objects to which we assign actual physical properties and dimensions of the faults. This is highly advantageous because traditional structured grids cannot represent curved faults, connected faults, or fault intersections without sacrificing either their geometry or their hydromechanical properties. Sacrificing the curved geometry of faults results in a loss of accuracy in computing the induced stresses in the basement region, which is known to host most of the recorded induced seismic events in US. The generated grid was used in a poro-elastoplastic simulation to examine stress changes resulting after production from a reservoir located in the hanging wall block (graben) region bounded by the two conjugate faults. The change in pore pressure due to production causes changes in both the total stress and the effective stress in the reservoir and the basement. The evolution of the shear and effective normal stresses on the faults may induce fault failure and slip depending on the fault rheology and friction parameters.
A Novel Application of Artificial Neural Networks to Predict Rate of Penetration
Authors: Aliyev Ramin , Paul Donald 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The application of predictive analytics to drilling has a strong interest in the industry today. However, without data modeling, drilling operations are subject to unachieved efficiency. It is missing in the literature how to accurately predict the rate of penetration (ROP) when using surface-only measurements. The traditional approach is to estimate ROP from either data measured on the surface or data collected from downhole. Using the first set of data will result in imprecise results and using purely downhole data can be limited by the fact that there is a time lag due to the slow telemetry systems. In this paper, we propose a novel solution utilizing both data sets.
First, to use both downhole and surface parameters, data is normalized and standardized. Then, Random Forest (RF) regression model is introduced to predict downhole data without any time lag. Then, predicted downhole data such as torque and weight on bit are combined with other drilling parameters to build RF and multi-layer perceptron (MLP) regression models.
It was observed that the computed results better fit the field parameters as a result of incorporating the two sets of data. With the availability of surface data and downhole data, applying this technique is not only useful and accurate, but also simple and fast without incurring further cost to the operating company.
Modeling of Non-Equilibrium Effects in Particulate Flow Through Porous Media
Authors: Jin Yi , Ghanbarnezhad Moghanloo Rouzbeh , Davudov Davud 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The complex dynamics of fluid and particles flowing through pore space demands some relaxation time for particles to catch up with fluid velocity which manifest themselves as non-equilibrium (NE) effect. Previous studies have shown that NE effect in particulate transport can have significant consequences when relaxation time is comparable to the characteristic time associated with the fluid flow field. However, the existing models are lacking to account for this complicated relation between particles and fluid.
In this paper, we adapt the general form of harmonic oscillation equation to describe NE effects in particulate flow system. The NE parameter is defined as a function of local particle velocity (vp) and fluid velocity (vf)[1-vp/vf]. The NE effect is evaluated by solving coupled mass balance equations with computational fluid dynamic (CFD) techniques within COMSOL Multiphysics®. Simplified straight tube model, periodic converging-diverging tube model and SEM image of a real pore network are applied in the NE analyses.
The results indicate that the time variation of the NE effect complies with the theory of stability. Two key parameters of oscillator equation are amplitude (A) and damping ratio (ζ), where the former represents the magnitude of NE and the latter is an indication of flow path geometry. NE parameter in a diverging flow path illustrates that the ζ value is between 0 and 1. Reducing fluid viscosity yields an increased value of A indicating a larger magnitude of NE effect. For converging flow path, the ζ value is between 0 and −1. The NE effect increases exponentially as a function of time implying that particle velocity always remains less than the fluid velocity. The flow simulation of SEM image shows consistent results with diverging and converging flow results as particles travel along pore network. By conducting simulation on the SEM image of a real pore structure, the equivalent radii of the pores that particles move through were obtained.
The outcome of this work can shed light upon explaining the complex NE effects in porous media. The generalized equation to model NE can help temporarily decouple particle transport equation from fluid equations facilitating much advanced particulate flow modeling in the large-scale problems.
Application of Sourceless Solutions for Geosteering and Formation Evaluation with Logging While Drilling Technologies: Case Study from Kuwait Reservoir
Authors: Padhy Girija S. , Gezeery Taher M. , Rashidi Mohamed A. , Silambuchelvan Jeevankumar , Rashidi Tahani Al , Abdulkarim Anar , Farhi Nadir , Rahimov Huseynagha 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
An emerging technology called sourceless well placement and logging (without using traditional chemical radioactive sources) has intensified in recent years because of various factors, such as drilling risk reduction and cost optimization, as well as evolving government regulatory and health, safety, and environment (HSE) requirements.
Established technologies, such as acoustic sensors, have been tested during pilot projects in several Middle Eastern development environments to evaluate the viability of replacing conventional density-neutron sensors. Current developments and integrated workflows are encouraging for the provision of sourceless well placement, porosity, and petrophysical and geomechanical evaluations for some of the mature reservoirs. These developments include a substantial number of case histories already established in clastic and carbonate depositional environments for the previous five years.
The current well was planned through carbonate and clastic sequence as part of a geological section deemed important from a borehole stability point of view. Borehole deterioration and significant variations in pore pressure were also considered to increase the potential risk for the drillstring sticking. Conventional porosity tools used during a logging while drilling (LWD) bottomhole assembly (BHA) with radioactive sources exacerbate the potential risk at an environmental-hazard level. Additionally, retrievable-based sources can be problematic during extraction in high-angle wells. LWD azimuthal-acoustic tools free of radioactive sources were run for porosity measurements, pressure prediction, geomechanics, and possible anisotropy using a centralized four-axis acoustic caliper. A comprehensive petrophysical interpretation was also performed as part of the horizontal build section using acoustic porosities in comparison to its nuclear counterparts acquired in different modes. Permeability was deduced from acoustic and high-resolution microimaging data.
This paper discusses the planning, design, and use of acoustic tools as part of the BHA and the viability, integrity, limitations, and reliability of logged data and interpreted results. The integration of petrophysical data with cutting analysis is investigated to optimize real-time drilling operations and petrophysical data acquisition requirements for improvement of future developments and overall reservoir management strategies.
Application of Pressure Transient Analysis and 4D Seismic in Evaluating and Quantifying Compaction in a Deepwater Reservoir
Authors: Suleen FNU , Oppert Shauna , Lari Usman , Jose Adachi 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
An integrated approach involving Pressure Transient Analysis (PTA) and quantitative interpretation of time lapse seismic (4D) was developed to estimate production-induced compaction in a deep-water Gulf of Mexico reservoir. The integration of both engineering and geophysical technologies is a robust approach that aims to increase the accuracy and confidence in reservoir characterization. Multiple buildups were extracted and analyzed from the flowing history of the well. Since the well was equipped with a permanent downhole gauge, good quality extended duration buildups were available for analysis. The buildups were studied using analytical pressure transient models. The well was nearly horizontal with oil, water and gas flows and the effects on permeability due to compaction were isolated from the multiphase flow effects. 4D seismic interpretations were used to estimate the temporal strain changes in the shales above the depleted sands. A relationship between shale velocity change and strain change in the reservoir was used to infer the amount of compaction observed on the 4D seismic. The interpretations indicated relatively high rates of compaction at the reservoir depths and dilation in the shales above and below. The findings were used to quantify the level of compaction in terms of porosity change in the reservoir. Sequential analysis of historical buildups integrated with 4D seismic interpretations revealed that the reservoir absolute permeability had declined significantly due to compaction. Most of this decline could be attributed to a production event after which all the buildups indicated reduced permeability level. This suggested a plastic deformation in the rocks and a study of the pressure and rate history suggested that this deformation could be associated with a sudden decrease in the flowing bottom hole pressure around the production event causing an increase in drawdown. Using the porosity-permeability correlations, a 1-2 p.u. change in porosity was estimated. The quantification of the change in porosity and permeability due to sudden increase in pressure drawdowns can be used to help guide operational decisions, where compaction is a significant concern.