bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk assessment and the use of novel shortcuts in spatial detouring tasks in jumping spiders
Authors: Aguilar-Argüello Samuel , Gerhard Daniel , Nelson Ximena J 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSelection on individuals that incorporate risk to quickly and accurately make a priori navigational assessments may lead to increased spatial ability. Jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) are characterized by their highly acute vision, which mediates many behaviors, including prey capture and navigation. When moving to a specific goal (prey, nest, a potential mate, etc.), salticids rely on visual cues and spatial memory to orient in 3-dimensional space. Salticid spatial ability has been studied in homing and detour tasks, with Portia being considered one of the most skillful genera in terms of spatial ability in the family. Commonly living in complex environments, salticids are likely to encounter a wide variety of routes that could lead to a goal, and, as selection favors individuals that can accurately make assessments, they may be able to assess alternative route distances to select the most efficient route. Here, we tested whether 2 salticid species (Portia fimbriata and Trite planiceps) can discriminate and assess between different available routes by their length, and riskiness to escape from a stressful scenario. Results suggest that while Portia is more likely to choose the easiest and shortest escape routes, Trite is faster in both decision making about which route to take, and to escape. However, some individuals were able to use novel shortcuts instead of the routes expected, with Portia containing a higher proportion of shortcut-takers than Trite. These differences in spatial ability seem to correspond with the environmental complexity inhabited by each species.
Leaf structure in Amorimia and closely related Neotropical genera and implications for their systematics and leaf evolution in Malpighiaceae
Authors: Mello Ana Caroline Marques Pereira , De Almeida Rafael Felipe , Amorim André Marcio Araújo , Oliveira Denise Maria Trombert 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAmorimia (Malpighiaceae) was recently segregated from the polyphyletic Mascagnia and placed in the malpighioid clade; identifying new characters based on leaf structure is among the first steps towards a proper generic delimitation of these segregates of Mascagnia. A comprehensive study describing and testing the relevance of leaf-structure characters in the evolution of Amorimia and related Neotropical genera is presented. We sampled all 15 Amorimia spp. and, as outgroups, eight species from the closely related Neotropical genera (Diplopterys, Ectopopterys, Mascagnia, Peixotoa and Stigmaphyllon). We scored 85 structural characters and mapped them on the most recent phylogenetic tree recovered for the genera. The presence of druses in the palisade parenchyma, the position of fibres alongside the vascular bundle and the occurrence of fibre blocks near the margin of the leaf blade were recovered as anatomical synapomorphies for Amorimia. Our results are a first step towards recovering anatomical and macromorphological synapomorphies for newly identified lineages of Malpighiaceae, such as Amorimia.
Along-strike variation in slab geometry at the southern Mariana subduction zone revealed by seismicity through ocean bottom seismic experiments
Authors: Zhu Gaohua , Yang Hongfeng , Lin Jian , Zhou Zhiyuan , Xu Min , Sun Jinlong , Wan Kuiyuan 
Published: June 2019

SUMMARYWe have conducted the first passive Ocean Bottom Seismograph (OBS) experiment near the Challenger Deep at the southernmost Mariana subduction zone by deploying and recovering an array of 6 broad-band OBSs during December 2016–June 2017. The obtained passive-source seismic records provide the first-ever near-field seismic observations in the southernmost Mariana subduction zone. We first correct clock errors of the OBS recordings based on both teleseismic waveforms and ambient noise cross-correlation. We then perform matched filter earthquake detection using 53 template events in the catalogue of the US Geological Survey and find >7000 local earthquakes during the 6-month OBS deployment period. Results of the two independent approaches show that the maximum clock drifting was ∼2 s on one instrument (OBS PA01), while the rest of OBS waveforms had negligible time drifting. After timing correction, we locate the detected earthquakes using a newly refined local velocity model that was derived from a companion active source experiment in the same region. In total, 2004 earthquakes are located with relatively high resolution. Furthermore, we calibrate the magnitudes of the detected earthquakes by measuring the relative amplitudes to their nearest relocated templates on all OBSs and acquire a high-resolution local earthquake catalogue. The magnitudes of earthquakes in our new catalogue range from 1.1 to 5.6. The earthquakes span over the Southwest Mariana rift, the megathrust interface, forearc and outer-rise regions. While most earthquakes are shallow, depths of the slab earthquakes increase from ∼100 to ∼240 km from west to east towards Guam. We also delineate the subducting interface from seismicity distribution and find an increasing trend in dip angles from west to east. The observed along-strike variation in slab dip angles and its downdip extents provide new constraints on geodynamic processes of the southernmost Mariana subduction zone.
Psychological effects of outdoor activity in type 2 diabetes: a review
Authors: Fraser Matthew , Polson Robert , Munoz Sarah-Anne , MacRury Sandra 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Previous research has shown individuals living with type 2 diabetes are more likely to experience depression, anxiety and reduced quality of life (QoL) in comparison to those without the disease. Physical activity has been highlighted as an important factor in improving physiological and psychological parameters in this population. Previous systematic reviews have found mixed results regarding the effects of exercise on psychological problems. Green exercise is an emerging research area with mounting evidence demonstrating positive effects on mental health. Objectives of the current review investigated whether conducting physical activity in outdoor environments had any effect on psychological problems in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Methods such as PubMed, Medline, PsycINFO, Scopus, Cochrane library, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus and Google Scholar databases were searched. The databases were searched for articles which used an outdoor exercise intervention and investigated psychological problems in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Results from the 1467 retrieved articles, 4 studies were included in the systematic review, consisting of 231 participants. All four studies investigated QoL, one study looked at depression and one investigated general wellbeing. Mixed results were found regarding QoL, no significant effect was found for depression. However, general wellbeing was improved. Due to the limited number of studies eligible for inclusion and the heterogeneity of outcome measures, it was difficult to draw firm conclusions. This systematic review acts as a starting point for future investigations into the use of green exercise in improving the mental health of individuals living with type 2 diabetes.
Registration: PROSPERO: CRD42018088212
Introduction to the Symposium: Stress Phenotype: Linking Molecular, Cellular, and Physiological Stress Responses to Fitness
Authors: Heidinger Britt J , Wada Haruka 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Although most organisms respond to environmental and social stressors by initiating a stress response that is expected to increase fitness, we currently lack information about how the stress response is integrated across levels of biological organization. Organismal biologists and physiological ecologists have tended to focus on questions related to how the glucocorticoid stress response varies across ecological contexts and is related to fitness, whereas, molecular and cellular biologists have typically investigated the fundamental underlying mechanisms. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that a comprehensive understanding of the evolution of the stress response will require integrative studies that span levels of analyses. This information will be critical for predicting how selection will influence the expression of this complex phenotype at the organismal level, as well as how the integration of the underlying mechanisms will influence the evolutionary response to selection. As diverse organisms are expected to experience rising stress exposure in the face of anthropogenic disturbance and climate change, this information is becoming increasingly urgent. The overarching goals of this symposium were to bring together researchers that study the stress response across levels of organization in diverse organisms to identify important gaps in knowledge and novel research approaches that could be used to advance the field.
Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation with or without simultaneous intra-aortic balloon pump support as a direct bridge to heart transplantation: results from a nationwide Spanish registry
Authors: Barge-Caballero Gonzalo , Castel-Lavilla María A , Almenar-Bonet Luis , Garrido-Bravo Iris P , Delgado Juan F , Rangel-Sousa Diego , González-Costello José , Segovia-Cubero Javier , Farrero-Torres Marta , Lambert-Rodríguez José Luis , Crespo-Leiro María G , Hervás-Sotomayor Daniela , Portolés-Ocampo Ana , Martínez-Sellés Manuel , De la Fuente-Galán Luis , Rábago-Juan-Aracil Gregorio , González-Vílchez Francisco , Mirabet-Pérez Sonia , Muñiz Javier , Barge-Caballero Eduardo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOBJECTIVESTo investigate the potential clinical benefit of an intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) in patients supported with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) as a bridge to heart transplantation (HT).METHODSWe studied 169 patients who were listed for urgent HT under VA-ECMO support at 16 Spanish institutions from 2010 to 2015. The clinical outcomes of patients under simultaneous IABP support (n = 73) were compared to a control group of patients without IABP support (n = 96).RESULTSThere were no statistically significant differences between the IABP and control groups with regard to the cumulative rates of transplantation (71.2% vs 81.2%, P = 0.17), death during VA-ECMO support (20.6% vs 14.6%, P = 0.31), transition to a different mechanical circulatory support device (5.5% vs 5.2%, P = 0.94) or weaning from VA-ECMO support due to recovery (2.7% vs 0%, P = 0.10). There was a higher incidence of bleeding events in the IABP group (45.2% vs 25%, P = 0.006; adjusted odds ratio 2.18, 95% confidence interval 1.02–4.67). In-hospital postoperative mortality after HT was 34.6% in the IABP group and 32.5% in the control group (P = 0.80). One-year survival after listing for urgent HT was 53.3% in the IABP group and 52.2% in the control group (log rank P = 0.75). Multivariate adjustment for potential confounders did not change this result (adjusted hazard ratio 0.94, 95% confidence interval 0.56–1.58).CONCLUSIONSIn our study, simultaneous IABP therapy in transplant candidates under VA-ECMO support did not significantly reduce morbidity or mortality.
Sepsis surveillance: an examination of parameter sensitivity and alert reliability
Authors: Amland Robert C , Burghart Mark , Overhage J Marc 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Objective
To examine performance of a sepsis surveillance system in a simulated environment where modifications to parameters and settings for identification of at-risk patients can be explored in-depth.

Materials and Methods
This was a multiple center observational cohort study. The study population comprised 14 917 adults hospitalized in 2016. An expert-driven rules algorithm was applied against 15.1 million data points to simulate a system with binary notification of sepsis events. Three system scenarios were examined: a scenario as derived from the second version of the Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (SEP-2), the same scenario but without systolic blood pressure (SBP) decrease criteria (near SEP-2), and a conservative scenario with limited parameters. Patients identified by scenarios as being at-risk for sepsis were assessed for suspected infection. Multivariate binary logistic regression models estimated mortality risk among patients with suspected infection.

Results
First, the SEP-2-based scenario had a hyperactive, unreliable parameter SBP decrease &gt;40 mm Hg from baseline. Second, the near SEP-2 scenario demonstrated adequate reliability and sensitivity. Third, the conservative scenario had modestly higher reliability, but sensitivity degraded quickly. Parameters differed in predicting mortality risk and represented a substitution effect between scenarios.

Discussion
Configuration of parameters and alert criteria have implications for patient identification and predicted outcomes.

Conclusion
Performance of scenarios was associated with scenario design. A single hyperactive, unreliable parameter may negatively influence adoption of the system. A trade-off between modest improvements in alert reliability corresponded to a steep decline in condition sensitivity in scenarios explored.
A T-capsulotomy provides increased hip joint visualization compared with an extended interportal capsulotomy
Authors: Cvetanovich Gregory L , Levy David M , Beck Edward C , Weber Alexander E , Kuhns Benjamin D , Khair Mahmoud M , Nho Shane J 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the cross-sectional area (CSA) of joint visualization between extended interportal and T-capsulotomies. Twenty fresh-frozen cadaveric hips were dissected to their capsuloligamentous complexes and fixed in a custom apparatus in neutral hip position. Ten hips underwent sequential interportal capsulotomies at lengths of 2, 4, 6, and 8 cm. Ten hips underwent sequential T-capsulotomies starting from a 4 cm interportal capsulotomy, creating a 2 cm T-capsulotomy (Half-T), and finally a 4 cm T-capsulotomy (Full-T). Following each sequential capsule change in both groups, a high-resolution digital photograph was taken to measure the visualized intra-articular cross-sectional area (CSA). Independent t-test was used to compare CSA interportal and T-capsulotomy groups. Analysis demonstrated a statistically significant increase in CSA visualization with each sequential increase in interportal capsulotomy length up to 6 cm (2cm: 0.6 ± 0.2 cm2; 4cm: 2.1 ± 0.5 cm2 (p<0.001); 6cm: 3.6 ± 1.0 cm2 (p=0.001)), and no difference at 8cm (4.2 ± 1.2 cm2 (p=0.20)). For the T-capsulotomy group the average CSA visualization significantly increased from 3.2 ± 0.9 cm2 for the Half-T to 7.1 ± 1.0 cm2 for the Full-T (p<0.001). The Half-T CSA visualization was not statistically different from the 6 cm capsulotomy (p=0.4) and the 8cm capsulotomy (p=0.05). The Full-T had significantly superior CSA visualization area as compared to the 6 cm and 8 cm interportal capsulotomies (p<0.001 for both). In conclusion, T-capsulotomy resulted in improved cross-sectional area of joint visualization compared to an extended (8cm) interportal capsulotomy in a cadaveric model. Surgeons must weigh the benefits of greater visualization from T-capsulotomy that may help to avoid residual FAI while ensuring to completely repair the capsulotomy to avoid iatrogenic instability.
Biology and Management of Clover Root Curculio (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Rim Kaitlin , Price Steven J , Wenninger Erik J , Long Rachael , Ramirez Ricardo A 
Published: June 2019

AbstractClover root curculio (Sitona hispidulus (F.)) (CRC) has become an economically important pest of alfalfa since the regulatory phase-out of carbofuran, methyl bromide, and other synthetic soil fumigants. Native to temperate Europe, the Middle East, and Asia, CRC was introduced to North America in the early 1900s and is now widespread across the U.S. Adult foliar herbivory is not typically economically important. However, severe root damage by larvae can result in secondary plant pathogen infections, leading to losses in forage quality, yield, and stand life. Monitoring efforts include sweep netting adults and soil sampling around the crown and roots of plants for eggs and larvae. Relationships between CRC densities and root damage as well as economic thresholds have yet to be established. Although several pyrethroids have been registered for use against CRC adults, they are not recommended due to potential non-target effects. Chemical controls have not been registered for use against the cryptic larval stage. This review discusses CRC identification, life history, biology, and ecology. Potential ecological management strategies (e.g., crop rotation, planting dates, resistant host varieties), biological control agents, and insecticide options are also described as key components of an integrated pest management program against CRC in U.S. alfalfa.
Chechen Refugees in Poland on ‘Tolerated Stay’: Different Perspectives of Hospitality in the Context of Theatrical Action in a Private Apartment
Authors: Izdebska Karolina 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMany researchers show that the medium of the theatre can be an effective tool for collecting and analysing data and designing learning processes, especially when it comes to issues relevant to communities. Art-based research methods offer different ways of thinking, perceiving and researching social problems. The analysed theatrical play, ‘Tolerated Stay’, addresses the issues of hospitality in the context of refugees. The starting point is the history of a Chechen family with whom the artists worked and who stayed in Poland under a tolerated-stay permit. The play was realized in a private apartment. The convention of a meeting at a table opens the field for debate on the themes of the emigration and hospitality. In the analysis, three perspectives of hospitality were distinguished (of refugees, artists and participants). Following the principle of triangulation, different methods from theatre activity were supplemented by qualitative methods.
Miracles in Dark Times: Hannah Arendt and Refugees as ‘Vanguard’
Authors: Horst Cindy , Lysaker Odin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe radical uncertainty that refugees face because of war, flight and exile often dramatically shapes their participation in society. Violent conflict and human rights abuses are not just disproportionately experienced by, but can also create, political subjects. Such life events can transform the motivations, sense of responsibility and political actions of individuals with refugee backgrounds. In this article, we explore the links between civil–political engagement and the life stories of such individuals, analysing our empirical data through themes in the work of Hannah Arendt. We make three central points. First, we highlight the possibility of refugees as ‘vanguard’, playing a leading role in the struggle against dark times. Second, we illustrate the importance of expanding the idea of ‘the political’ through Arendt’s understanding of political action as narrative. And, third, we explore the political freedom and hope that stem from the possibility of ‘new beginnings’.
The role of water in Earth's mantle
Authors: Ohtani Eiji 
Published: June 2019

AbstractGeophysical observations suggest that the transition zone is wet locally. Continental and oceanic sediment components together with the basaltic and peridotitic components might be transported and accumulated in the transition zone. Low-velocity anomalies at the upper mantle–transition zone boundary might be caused by the existence of dense hydrous magmas. Water can be carried farther into the lower mantle by the slabs. The anomalous Q and shear wave regions locating at the uppermost part of the lower mantle could be caused by the existence of fluid or wet magmas in this region because of the water-solubility contrast between the minerals in the transition zone and those in the lower mantle. δ-H solid solution AlO2H–MgSiO4H2 carries water into the lower mantle. Hydrogen-bond symmetrization exists in high-pressure hydrous phases and thus they are stable at the high pressures of the lower mantle. Thus, the δ-H solid solution in subducting slabs carries water farther into the bottom of the lower mantle. Pyrite FeO2Hx is formed due to a reaction between the core and hydrated slabs. This phase could be a candidate for the anomalous regions at the core–mantle boundary.
Near-infrared imaging polarimetry toward M 17 SWex
Authors: Sugitani Koji , Nakamura Fumitaka , Shimoikura Tomomi , Dobashi Kazuhito , Nguyen-Luong Quang , Kusune Takayoshi , Nagayama Takahiro , Watanabe Makoto , Nishiyama Shogo , Tamura Motohide 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe conducted near-infrared ($\mathit {JHK}_{\rm s}$) imaging polarimetry toward the infrared dark cloud (IRDC) M 17 SWex, including almost all of the IRDC filaments as well as its outskirts, with the polarimeter SIRPOL on the IRSF 1.4 m telescope. We revealed the magnetic fields of M 17 SWex with our polarization-detected sources that were selected by some criteria based on their near-IR colors and the column densities toward them, which were derived from the Herschel data. The selected sources indicate not only that the ordered magnetic field is perpendicular to the cloud elongation as a whole, but also that at both ends of the elongated cloud the magnetic field appears to be bent toward its central part, i.e., a large-scale hourglass-shaped magnetic field perpendicular to the cloud elongation. In addition to this general trend, the elongations of the filamentary subregions within the dense parts of the cloud appear to be mostly perpendicular to their local magnetic fields, while the magnetic fields of the outskirts appear to follow the thin filaments that protrude from the dense parts. The magnetic strengths were estimated to be ∼70–$300\, \mu$G in the subregions, of which the lengths and average number densities are ∼3–9 pc and ∼2–7 × 103 cm−3, respectively, by the Davis–Chandrasekhar–Fermi method with the angular dispersion of our polarization data and the velocity dispersion derived from the C18O (J = 1–0) data obtained by the Nobeyama 45 m telescope. These field configurations and our magnetic stability analysis of the subregions imply that the magnetic field has controlled the formation/evolution of the M 17 SWex cloud.