bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of bacterial contamination in 50% dextrose vials in varying storage conditions after multiple punctures
Authors: Marshall K. A. , Brooks A. C. , Hammac G. K. , Thomovsky E. J. , Johnson P. A. 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveTo determine the risk of bacterial growth in single use 50% dextrose vials punctured multiple times and stored in various hospital environments.Materials and MethodsThree groups of three 50% dextrose vials were stored in our hospital intensive care unit at either ambient light or in a darkened drawer at room temperature or refrigerated at 4°C. One vial in each group was punctured either once, once weekly or once daily for 28 days and samples taken for bacterial culture every 7 days until completion of the project. A fourth group of three vials were inoculated with several species of bacteria and stored in our microbiology laboratory under the environmental conditions described above with cultures performed every 7 days for 28 days. In addition, the water activity of 50% dextrose was determined using commercial laboratory equipment.ResultsScant growth of Escherichia coli and Enterobacter agglomerans was detected in cultures performed on day 7, but not subsequent time points, from the inoculated refrigerated vials. The vial punctured once daily for 28 days and stored under refrigerated conditions showed growth of Bacillus subtilis on day 28. All remaining bottles had no bacterial growth at any time point or environmental condition. The water activity of 50% dextrose was 093 at 24°C and 092 at 4°C.Clinical SignificanceBacterial growth in 50% dextrose vials was uncommon even when inoculated with pathogens. Bacterial growth only occurred in refrigerated storage conditions. The water activity of 50% dextrose is not low enough to inhibit all bacterial and fungal growth.
Simultaneous identities: ethnicity and nationalism in mother tongue education in Nepal*
Authors: Pradhan Uma 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe scholarly works on ethnicity and nationalism have been highly dominated by binary frameworks. In addition, the normative preference for civic consciousness and the concerns of national disintegration often separate the notions of ethnicity and nationalism. This article suggests that the notions of ethnicity and nationalism cannot be understood exclusively as a choice between maintaining the integrity of the nation and completely rejecting it. Drawing on fieldwork in mother tongue schools in Nepal, the article draws attention to the ways in which school actors discursively positioned ethnic identity as imperative to national identity, the one that bolsters the notion of Nepali nationhood. By paying close attention to the everyday context within which discourses of nationalism are situated, this article argues for an analytical necessity to approach ethnicity and nationalism in relation to each other to appreciate the process of symbolic negotiations in public spaces.
General psychological distress among Japan Self‐Defense Forces personnel dispatched on United Nations peacekeeping operations and their spouses
Authors: Tanichi Masaaki , Nagamine Masanori , Shigemura Jun , Yamamoto Taisuke , Sawamura Takehito , Takahashi Yoshitomo , Obara Asuka , Saito Taku , Toda Hiroyuki , Yoshino Aihide , Shimizu Kunio 
Published: December 2018

AimThe importance of family care during international deployment is emphasized within military organizations, but mental health interactions between deployed personnel and their spouses have not yet been assessed. This study addressed this gap by examining couples’ mental health throughout a deployment period.MethodsThe mental health of 324 spousal dyads of Japan Self‐Defense Forces personnel dispatched for a half‐year United Nations Disengagement Observer Force mission was examined, using longitudinal data derived from a survey at four time points: one‐month pre‐deployment, initial deployment, middle deployment, and immediately after homecoming. The 30‐item General Health Questionnaire was used to evaluate general psychological distress, with high scores (≥7) indicating adverse mental health.ResultsThe spouses’ general psychological distress was significantly higher compared with the deployed personnel (P < 0.001). The high general psychological distress of personnel was significantly related to that of their spouses (odds ratio = 2.24; 95% confidence interval, 1.32–3.80), and vice versa (odds ratio = 2.38; 95% confidence interval 1.39–4.08).ConclusionMental health care will be beneficial for not only deployed personnel but also their spouses.
Attitude and willingness of pediatric dentists regarding dental care for children with developmental and intellectual disabilities
Authors: Abraham Simi , Yeroshalmi Farhad , Margulis Keith S. , Badner Victor 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimChildren with developmental and/or intellectual disabilities (DD/ID) are considered to be at greater risk of developing dental disease and are more likely to have unmet dental needs than other children. The purpose of this study was to determine the attitude and willingness of pediatric dentists and residents to provide dental care for children with DD/ID.MethodsTwo surveys were created and emailed via SurveyMonkey® to pediatric dentists and post‐doctoral student members of the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry.ResultsFive hundred and seventy‐four pediatric dentists (9%) and 143 pediatric dentistry residents (13%) responded. Ninety‐nine percent of the practicing pediatric dentists do provide dental care for children with DD/ID. Ninety‐six percent of the practitioners are confident/very confident in treating these children with nonpharmacological methods, while 86% are confident/very confident with pharmacological methods. Among the residents, 99% are willing to provide dental care to children with DD/ID after they graduate. Eighty‐six percent of the residents are confident/very confident in treating these children with nonpharmacological methods, while 70% are confident/very confident with pharmacological methods.ConclusionPediatric dentist and resident respondents to the survey were overwhelmingly willing to provide dental care for patients with DD/ID and are confident with pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatment modalities.
Intimate Relationships Buffer Suicidality in National Guard Service Members: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Blow Adrian J. , Farero Adam , Ganoczy Dara , Walters Heather , Valenstein Marcia 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveMembers of the U.S. military are at a high suicide risk. While studies have examined predictors of suicide in the U.S. military, more studies are needed which examine protective factors for suicide. Informed by the interpersonal theory of suicide, this study examined the strength of the intimate relationship and its role as a buffer of suicidality in National Guard service members.MethodA total of 712 National Guard residing in a Midwestern state, who had all recently returned home from a deployment, took part in this study and completed surveys at 6 and 12 months postdeployment. They were assessed on suicide risk, mental health (depression, post‐traumatic stress disorder, anxiety), and relationship satisfaction.ResultsLower relationship satisfaction and more depressive symptoms at the 6‐month assessment were significantly related to greater suicide risk at 12 months. Each interaction between couple satisfaction and three mental health variables (PTSD, depression, and anxiety) at the 6‐month assessment was significantly associated with suicide risk at 12 months.ConclusionsThe strength of the intimate relationship serves as a buffer for suicide in National Guard service members who have PTSD, anxiety, or depression. Interventions that strengthen these intimate relationships could reduce suicide in service members.
Seven consecutive days of remote ischaemic preconditioning improves cutaneous vasodilatory capacity in young adults
Authors: Lang James A. , Kim Jahyun , Franke Warren D. , Vianna Lauro C. 
Published: December 2018

Key points
Remote ischaemic preconditioning (RIPC), induced by brief bouts of ischaemia followed by reperfusion, confers vascular adaptations that protect against subsequent bouts of ischaemia; however, the effect of RIPC repeated over several days on the human microcirculation is unknown.
Using skin as a model, microvascular function was assessed at a control and a NO‐inhibited area of skin before 1 day after and 1 week after administering seven consecutive days of repeated RIPC on the contralateral arm.
Maximal vasodilatation was increased by ∼20–50% following 7 days of repeated RIPC, and this response remained elevated 1 week after stopping RIPC; however, NO‐mediated vasodilatation was not affected by the RIPC stimulus.
These data indicate that repeated RIPC augments maximal vasodilatation, but the underlying mechanism for this improvement is largely independent of NO.
This finding suggests a role for other endothelium‐derived mediators and/or for endothelium‐independent adaptations with repeated RIPC.
AbstractRemote ischaemic preconditioning (RIPC), induced by intermittent periods of ischaemia followed by reperfusion, confers cardiovascular protection from subsequent ischaemic bouts. RIPC increases conduit and resistance vessel function; however, the effect of RIPC on the microvasculature remains unclear. Using human skin as a microvascular model, we hypothesized that cutaneous vasodilatory (VD) function elicited by localized heating would be increased following repeated RIPC. Ten participants (23 ± 1 years, 6 males, 4 females) performed RIPC for seven consecutive days. Each daily RIPC session consisted of 4 repetitions of 5 min of arm blood flow occlusion interspersed by 5 min reperfusion. Before, 1 day after and 1 week after the 7 days of RIPC, two microdialysis fibres were placed in ventral forearm skin for continuous infusion of Ringer solution or 20 mM l‐NAME. Red blood cell flux was measured by laser Doppler flowmetry at each fibre site during local heating (Tloc = 39°C) and during maximal VD elicited by heating (Tloc = 43°C) and 28 mM sodium nitroprusside infusion. Data were normalized to cutaneous vascular conductance (flux/mmHg). Seven days of RIPC did not alter the nitric oxide (NO) contribution to the VD response to local heating (P > 0.05). However, the maximal VD was augmented (Pre: 2.5 ± 0.2, Post: 3.8 ± 0.5 flux/mmHg; P < 0.05) and remained elevated 1 week post RIPC (3.3 ± 0.4 flux/mmHg; P < 0.05). Repeated RIPC improves maximal VD but does not affect NO‐mediated VD in the cutaneous microvasculature. This finding suggests that other factors may explain the vasodilatory adaptations that occur following repeated RIPC.
Experimental Study of a Single Microchannel Flow Under Nonuniform Heat Flux
Authors: Eltaweel Ahmed , Hassan Ibrahim 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Nonuniform heat fluxes are commonly observed in thermo-electronic devices that require distinct thermal management strategies for effective heat dissipation and robust performance. The limited research available on nonuniform heat fluxes focus mostly on microchannel heat sinks while the fundamental component, i.e., a single microchannel, has received restricted attention. In this work, an experimental setup for the analysis of variable axial heat flux is used to study the heat transfer in a single microchannel with fully developed flow under the effect of different heat flux profiles. Initially, a hot spot at different locations, with a uniform background heat flux, is studied at different Reynolds numbers, while varying the maximum heat fluxes in order to compute the heat transfer in relation to its dependent variables. Measurements of temperature, pressure, and flow rates at a different locations and magnitudes of hot spot heat fluxes are presented, followed by a detailed analysis of heat transfer characteristics of a single microchannel under nonuniform heating. Results showed that upstream hotspots have lower tube temperatures compared to downstream ones with equal amounts of heat fluxes. This finding can be of importance in enhancing microchannel heat sinks effectiveness in reducing maximum wall temperatures for the same amount of heat released, by redistributing spatially fluxes in a descending profile.
Reliability and Validity of Commercially Available Low-Cost Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis
Authors: Vasold Kerri L. , Parks Andrew C. , Phelan Deanna M.L. , Pontifex Matthew B. , Pivarnik James M. 
Published: December 2018

Research comparing portable body composition methods, such as bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), to air displacement plethysmography (ADP) is limited. We assessed reliability and validity of predicting fat-free mass (FFM) by the RJL, Omron, and Tanita BIA machines using ADP via BodPod as a criterion. FFM (kg) was assessed twice in college students (N = 77, 31 males and 46 females; age = 19.1 ± 1.2 years) using ADP, RJL, Omron, and Tanita BIAs. Reliability was assessed using analysis of variance to obtain an intraclass correlation statistic (Rxx). Validity was assessed using Pearson correlation (r) coefficient. FFM averaged 75.6 ± 9.4 kg in men and 59.8 ± 7.6 kg in women. Reliability was high in both genders RJL (Rxx = .974–.994), Omron (Rxx = .933–.993), and Tanita (Rxx = .921–.991). Validity within males was also high: RJL (r = .935), Omron (r = .942), and Tanita (r = .934), and only slightly lower in females: RJL (r = .924), Omron (r = .897), and Tanita (r = .898). The RJL, Omron, and Tanita BIA machines appear to be both reliable and valid for predicting FFM of male and female college students. Therefore, any of these three BIA devices is appropriate to use for body composition assessment in a healthy adult population.
Dynamical extensions of quasi-linear left cycle sets and the Yang–Baxter equation
Authors: Castelli Marco , Catino Francesco , Miccoli Maria Maddalena , Pinto Giuseppina 
Published: December 2018

In this paper, we give a characterization of the quasi-linear left cycle sets [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] via unitary metahomomorphisms and a complete description of those with [Formula: see text] improving the results obtained in [F. Catino and M. M. Miccoli, Construction of quasi-linear left cycle sets, J. Algebra Appl. 14(1) (2015), Article ID:1550001, 1–7]. Moreover, we develop a theory of dynamical extensions of quasi-linear left cycle sets to provide new set-theoretic solutions of the Yang–Baxter equation that are non-degenerate, involutive and multipermutational.
Response to Immune Checkpoint Antibodies: Not All Responses Are Created Equal
Authors: Cohen Justine V. , Flaherty Keith T. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Early reports from immunotherapy trials conclude durable responses. Long-term data may indicate otherwise. Better delineation of clinical courses of long-term survivors will accelerate the discovery and application of biomarkers. Two pressing issues among those treated with anti–PD-1/PD-L1 are understanding whether responders can have therapy abbreviated and overcoming resistance in nonresponders.
See related article by Gauci et al., p. 946
A Test of Dietary Monosodium Glutamate Developmental Neurotoxicity in Rats: A Reappraisal
Authors: Vorhees Charles V. 
Published: December 2018

In 1979, we tested dietary monosodium glutamate (MSG) for developmental neurotoxicity in rats. The study was recently cited for establishing a No Observable Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) for MSG as a food additive resulting in a change in the acceptable daily intake (ADI). Therefore, I re-evaluated the study [Vorhees et al.: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1979; 50: 267–282]. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed diets containing 0, 1.7, 3.4, or 5.1% MSG prior to conception, throughout gestation and lactation, and the same diets were fed to the offspring until 90 days of age. About 18–20 L were tested per dose with litter and sex factors in data analyses. There were 21 functional tests with 36 dependent variables and 10 body weight and histological outcomes. Of the functional tests, 4 were significant involving 6 effects. Two effects were on swimming ontogeny: one was an improvement and the other an atypical minor delay of no significance. Two effects were on active avoidance: one was a low-dose female-only extinction effect and the other a high-dose male-only acquisition effect, neither providing evidence of consistency. One was on passive avoidance, but was an improvement not a deficit. The last was on open-field rearing in the absence of its normal association with locomotion changes. Thus, it can be concluded, as was done in 1979 and by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration who sponsored the study, that there is no evidence in these data that dietary MSG is developmentally neurotoxic, hence, the study provides no basis for the establishment of a NOAEL and changing the ADI for dietary MSG.
ПОРУШЕННЯ АНГІОГЕНЕЗУ ПЛАЦЕНТИ ПРИ СИФІЛІСІ
Authors: Yaremchuk T. P. 
Published: December 2018

Мета дослідження – визначення методу корекції плацентарної дисфункції/плацентарної недостатності при сифілісі на основі визначення морфологічного стану плаценти та кількості капілярів у її термінальних ворсинах у хворих на сифіліс породіль і здорових жінок.
Матеріали та методи. Матеріалом дослідження були історії пологів Львівського обласного клінічного перинатального центру та Львівської обласної клінічної лікарні, посліди 32 хворих на сифіліс нелікованих жінок і 30 здорових породіль у період 2007–2014 рр. Використано клінічні, біохімічні, серологічні, імуноферментні, УЗД, бактеріоскопічні, морфологічні, морфометричний, медико-статистичний методи дослідження. Патоморфологічне дослідження послідів проведено після забарвлення зрізів пуповини, оболонок і плаценти гематоксиліном та еозином. Для визначення стану ангіогенезу в термінальних ворсинах плаценти виконано морфометричне дослідження кількості капілярів у 305 термінальних ворсинах плацент хворих на сифіліс та здорових жінок.
Результати дослідження та їх обговорення. Встановлено, що морфологічною основою акушерських та перинатальних ускладнень при сифілісі є хронічна плацентарна недостатність запального генезу на фоні запальних змін, порушень матково-плацентарного кровообігу, інволютивно-дистрофічних (фіброзу строми ворсин та відкладення фібриноїду в стромі ворсин) і постзапальних змін (вогнищевої петрифікації) в плаценті. Морфометричне дослідження виявило зменшення кількості капілярів у термінальних ворсинах плаценти, переважання гіповаскуляризованих термінальних ворсин зі зниженою кількістю капілярів у них у хворих на сифіліс нелікованих породіль. Встановлені патогенетичні механізми розвитку хронічної плацентарної недостатності при сифілісі: 1. Зменшення дифузійного та перфузійного об'єму плаценти. 2. Гіповаскуляризація плаценти внаслідок зменшення кількості нормально васкуляризованих ворсин, кількості капілярів у них і в гіповаскуляризованих ворсинах та облітерації судинного русла ворсин, у т. ч. облітеруючого артеріїту. 3. Морфофункціональна незрілість плаценти. 4. Дистрофічно-інволютивні зміни в плаценті (фіброз строми та відкладення фібриноїду в стромі ворсин).
Висновок. Сифіліс спричиняє розвиток хронічної плацентарної недостатності, одним із патогенетичних механізмів якої є гіповаскуляризація та порушення ангіогенезу плаценти зі зменшенням кількості нормально васкуляризованих ворсин, кількості капілярів у них і в гіповаскуляризованих термінальних ворсинах.
ФАКТОРЫ РИСКА РАЗВИТИЯ ОСТЕОПОРОЗА У ЖЕНЩИН С АРТЕРИАЛЬНОЙ ГИПЕРТЕНЗИЕЙ И ОЖИРЕНИЕМ, РАБОТАЮЩИХ В НЕБЛАГОПРИЯТН
Authors: Ignatуev A. M. , Prutiіan Т. L. 
Published: December 2018

Цель исследования – изучить факторы риска развития остеопороза у женщин с артериальной гипертензией и ожирением, работающих в неблагоприятных условиях производства.
Материалы и методы. Обследовано 110 женщин (средний возраст – (56,2±1,74) года) в постменопаузе (длительность менопаузы – (6,8±1,9) года). Основную группу составили 80 женщин с артериальной гипертензией ІІ стадии и ожирением, работающих под влиянием неблагоприятных факторов производства. В группу контроля вошли 30 практически здоровых женщин. Клиническое исследование включало сбор анамнеза, с помощью специально разработанных анкет, измерение артериального давления, роста, массы тела, окружности талии и бедер, расчет индекса массы тела и индекса окружности талии/окружности бедер, инструментальное исследование – ультразвуковую денситометрию.
Результаты исследования и их обсуждение. У женщин основной группы выявлены более низкие показатели Т-критерия (р˂0,05) по сравнению с группой контроля, что свидетельствует о негативном действии неблагоприятных факторов производства на состояние костной ткани и зависит от стажа работы. Корреляционный анализ основных факторов риска остеопороза и показателя Т-критерия показал наличие статистически значимой обратной отрицательной связи между Т-критерием и неблагоприятными факторами производства (r=-0,456; р˂0,001), Т-критерием и стажем работы в неблагоприятных условиях производства (r=-0,724; р˂0,001), Т-критерием и длительностью постменопаузы (r=-0,543; р˂0,001), Т-критерием и длительностью артериальной гипертензии (r=-0,531; р˂0,001), Т-критерием и индексом массы тела (r=-0,592; р˂0,001) и свидетельствует о том, что артериальная гипертензия, ожирение, постменопауза и неблагоприятные факторы производства оказывают в комплексе негативное влияние на состояние минеральной плотности костной ткани у работающих женщин.
Вывод. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о необходимости анализа факторов риска развития структурно-функциональных изменений костной ткани с целью ранней диагностики и профилактики остеопороза, проведения лечения в доклинической стадии заболевания, что будет способствовать снижению риска переломов, повышению качества жизни.
АНАЛІЗ ГОРМОНАЛЬНИХ ЗМІН В ОРГАНІЗМІ ЖІНОК ІЗ ФОНОВИМИ І ПЕРЕДРАКОВИМИ ПРОЦЕСАМИ ШИЙКИ МАТКИ
Authors: Boychuk A. V. , Sopel V. V. , Begosh B. M. , Khudobiak V. O. , Sopel O. V. 
Published: December 2018

Мета дослідження – оцінити особливості перебігу захворювань шийки матки залежно від гормональних порушень.
Матеріали та методи. Відповідно до мети дослідження, під нашим спостереженням перебували 105 жінок віком від 18 до 42 років. Середній вік обстежених становив (25,92±0,61) року. Критеріями для включення пацієнток у дослідження були патологічні процеси шийки матки і порушення менструального циклу. Усім жінкам проводили загальноклінічне обстеження, передбачене наказом МОЗ України від 31.12.2004 року № 676 (огляд шийки матки в дзеркалі, мікроскопія мазків з піхви, Pap-тест, кольпоскопія і, при потребі, біопсія шийки матки), а також додаткові клініко-лабораторні методи обстеження: виявлення ВПЛ методом ПЛР у зскрібку з цервікального каналу та гормональні обстеження (визначення рівнів дигідротестостерону, пролактину, андростендіолу-глюкороніду, 17-кетостероїдів, індексу вільного тестостерону, рівнів фолікулостимулюючого гормону, лютеїнізуючого гормону, естрадіолу (Е2), дигідроепіандростерону-сульфату на 2–3 день та на 21–22 дні менструального циклу).
Результати дослідження та їх обговорення. При дослідженні гормональних показників у жінок обстежуваних груп до проведеного лікування було виявлено підвищення рівнів андрогенів вище референтних значень загалом у 14 (35,0 %) пацієнток 1 групи і у 23 (57,5 %) – 2 групи. Зниження рівня прогестерону спостерігалося в 11 (27,5 %) жінок 1 групи і 15 (37,5 %) – 2 групи. Підвищення естрогенів було відмічено у 5 (12,5 %) пацієнток 1 групи і 4 (10,0 %) – 2 групи.
Висновок. При аналізі проведених досліджень були виявлені такі варіанти гормональних порушень у пацієнток із захворюваннями шийки матки:
– НЛФ була характерна для 65 % пацієнток;
– СПКЯ був характерний для 22,5 % хворих;
– ГГН було виявлено у 5,0 % жінок.