bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
APPLICATION OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY IN COMPARISON BETWEEN CRYPTIC MICROBIALITES OF RECENT MARINE CAVES AND TRIASSIC PATCH REEFS
Authors: GUIDO ADRIANO , KERSHAW STEPHEN , RUSSO FRANCO , MIRIELLO DOMENICO , MASTANDREA ADELAIDE 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTMicrobialites are common carbonate structures in cryptic niches of marine environments throughout geological time. In this research we compare the microbialites of small bioconstructions (biostalactites) of modern submarine caves of Sicily with those developed in small crypts of Carnian patch reefs of the Dolomite Mountains (Heiligkreuz Formation, Alpe di Specie) using Raman spectroscopy, a method that allows in situ determination of the organic content of microbial components. This methodology partly solves the uncertainty of geomicrobiological studies that use bulk measurements (i.e., biomarker analyses), which make it difficult to associate mineral precipitates with a specific microbial process. In the modern marine caves, the complex biotic relationships among skeletal organisms (mainly serpulids) and microbial communities produced biostalactites in which microbially induced biomineralization is the consequence of autotrophic and chemoheterotrophic bacterial activities. Sulfate-reducing bacteria, fed by metazoan organic matter, flourish in millimetric oxygen-depleted cavities of the skeletal framework, and induce autochthonous micrite deposition and early stabilization of the biostalactites. Similar processes have been interpreted to induce the deposition of the microbialites in the Upper Triassic patch reefs of the Dolomites. These small shallow water reefs, made up mainly of scleractinian corals, sponges and red algae, hold a skeletal framework rich in millimeter- to centimeter-size cavities, ideal cryptic niches for growth of microbial communities. Specific sulfate-reducing bacteria biomarkers are first identified using bulk measurements obtained by solvent extraction. The subsequent in situ characterization of organic compounds through micro-Raman spectroscopy indicates the same biogeochemical signatures of the microbialites within the cryptic cavities of the biostalactites of modern marine caves as those inside the skeletal framework of Carnian patch reefs. These data, showing the same processes in Triassic and modern cryptic microenvironments, is evidence that the microbially mediated precipitation in confined environments is a process independent of geological time that further investigation may be able to test.
Phase Behaviour and Properties of HPHT Gas Condensate Systems
Authors: Hu Yongle , Luo Kai , Li Baozhu , Zhu Yuxin , Ye Jigen 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
HPHT reservoirs represent a great technological frontier for the oil and gas industry. Recently much attention has been paid to the phase behavior and properties of HPHT fluids as more and more ultra-deep hydrocarbon reservoirs are discovered worldwide. In this study the reservoir fluids are recombined using the separator liquid and gas samples collected from actual gas fields. The phase behavior and physical properties of HTHP gas condensates are experimentally studied at the pressures over 100MPa. When the pressures are above some certain pressure, the compressibility seems to be linear relationships with pressure, and the lower temperature, the larger slope. The linear relationships of compressibility vs pressure may imply that the ultra-pressure compressibility can be determined by directly extrapolating the lower pressure compressibility measurements, markedly reducing the experiment costs. Moreover, The reservoir fluids may contain much content of wax. Thus the wax appearance temperatures of the reservoir fluid are determined using the laser-scattering technique, showing the complex gas-liquid-solid phase behavior.
The Optimization of Well Pattern in Ultralow-Permeability Reservoir
Authors: Cheng'en Shi , Xuefeng Qu , Qihong Lei , Liang Li 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The reasonable well pattern arrangement is a key factor that ultra-low permeability oilfield are developed successfully because it is usually relative to fracture. By using numerical modeling, driving replacement etc reservoir engineering methods after reviewing the evolution of well pattern for Changqing ultra-low permeability reservoir, the paper presents rhombus inverted nine-spot and rectangle well pattern matching best the fracture and injection-production pressure system. In the development practice, we adopt square inverted nine-spot, rhombus inverted nine-spot, rectangle well pattern according to little, relative, good of fracture growth, and have achieved better development effects.

Introduction
It is well known that ultra-low permeability reservoir has some features such as low permeability, natural fracture and low pressure as well as low natural productivity. Fracturing is often used to get industrial oil stream, water injection is to lengthen stable production period and enhance ultimate recovery efficiency. So the key for development well pattern arrangement is to enhance individual-well production sweep efficiency and ultimate recovery efficiency. The paper presents rhombus inverted nine-spot pattern and rectangle pattern on the base of optimum matching of fracture system, displacement pressure system and pattern system. In development practice of oilfield, square inverted nine-spot, rhombus inverted nine-spot and rectangular pattern are adopted according to little, relative, good of fracture growth. This has made great progress in Ansai, Jingan and Xifeng oilfield, which is regarded as a guide to develop the same kind of oilfield.
Does Socioeconomic Status Affect Oral Health? Results from the PERSIAN Cohort Study
Authors: Najafi Farid , Hajizadeh Mohammad , Soofi Moslem , Salimi Yahya , Karyani Ali KAzemi , Soltani Shahin , Ahmadi Sina , Rad Enayatollah Homaie , MAtin Behzad Karami , Pasdar Yahya , Hamzeh Behrooz , Nazar Mehdi Moradi , Mohammadi Ali , Malekzadeh Reza , Poustchi Hossein , Motamed-Gorji Nazgol , Moslem Alireza , Khaleghi Ali Asghar , Fatthi Mohammad Reza , Aghazadeh-Attari Javad , Ahmadi Ali , Pourfarzi Farhad , Somi Mohammad Hossein , Sohrab Mehrnoush , Ansari-Moghadam Alireza , Edjtehadi Farhad , Esmaeili Ali , Joukar Farhad , Lotfi Mohammad Hasan , Aghamolaei Teamur , Eslami Saied , Tabatabaee Seyed Hamid Reza , Saki Nader , Haghdost Ali Akbar , Rezaei Satar 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: The current study aimed to measure and decomposes socioeconomic-related inequalities in DMFT (decayed, missing, and filled teeth) index among adults in Iran.
Methods: The study data was drawn from the adult component of Perspective Epidemiological research studies in IrAN (PERSIAN) from 17 centers in 14 different provinces of Iran. DMFT score was used as a measure of oral health among adults in Iran. The relative and generalized (absolute) concentration index (RC and GC, respectively) was used to quantify and decompose socioeconomic-related inequalities in DMFT among Iranian adults (35 years and older).
Results: A total of 128813 adults aged 35 and older, who are enrolled in the Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in IrAN (PERSIAN), were included in the study. The mean score of DMFT of the adults was 6.01 (SD=3.17). The findings suggested that DMFT was mainly concentrated among the poor in the 14 provinces included in the study (RC = -0.064; 95% confidence interval (CI), -0.066 to -0.063 and GC = -0.387; 95% CI, 0.397 to -0.377). In addition, SES, being male, older age and being widow or divorced were identified as the main factors contributing to the concentration of DMFT among the worse-off in Iran.
Conclusions: It is recommended to focus in the oral health status of socioeconomically disadvantaged groups in order to reduce socioeconomic-related inequality in oral health among adults in Iran. Moreover, it should be noted that reducing socioeconomic-related inequalities in oral health should be accompanied by appropriate health promotion policies that focus actions on the fundamental socio-economical causes of dental disease.
Nanofibrous Polydioxanone Depots for Prolonged Intraperitoneal Paclitaxel Delivery
Authors: Padmakumar Smrithi , Menon Deepthy 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Prolonged chemodrug delivery to the tumor site is a prerequisite to maintaining
its localised therapeutic concentrations for effective treatment of malignant solid tumors.

Objective:
The current study aims to develop implantable polymeric depots through conventional electrospinning
for sustained drug delivery, specifically to the peritoneum.

Methods:
Non-woven electrospun mats were fabricated by simple electrospinning of Polydioxanone
solution loaded with the chemodrug, Paclitaxel. The implants were subjected to the analysis of morphology,
mechanical properties, degradation and drug release in phosphate buffer and patient-derived
peritoneal drain fluid samples. In vivo studies were conducted by surgical knotting of these implants to
the peritoneal wall of healthy mice.

Results:
Non-woven electrospun mats with a thickness of 0.65±0.07 mm, weighing ~ 20 mg were fabricated
by electrospinning 15 w/v% polymer loaded with 10 w/w% drug. These implants possessing good
mechanical integrity showed a drug entrapment efficiency of 87.82±2.54 %. In vitro drug release studies
in phosphate buffer showed a sustained profile for ~4 weeks with a burst of 10 % of total drug content,
whereas this amounted to >60% in patient samples. Mice implanted with these depots remained healthy
during the study period. The biphasic drug release profile obtained in vivo showed a slow trend, with
peritoneal lavage and tissues retaining good drug concentrations for a sustained period.

Conclusion:
The results indicate that non-woven electrospun mats developed from biodegradable
Polydioxanone polymer can serve as ideal candidates for easily implantable drug depots to address the
challenges of peritoneal metastasis in ovarian cancer.
Cardiovascular Safety and All-Cause Mortality of Methoxy Polyethylene Glycol-Epoetin Beta and Other Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents in Anemia of CKD
Authors: Locatelli Francesco , Hannedouche Thierry , Fishbane Steven , Morgan Zoe , Oguey Delphine , White William B. 
Published: August 2019

Background and objectives
Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents correct anemia of CKD but may increase cardiovascular risk. We compared cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality associated with monthly methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta with those of the shorter-acting agents epoetin alfa/beta and darbepoetin alfa in patients with anemia of CKD.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
We conducted a multicenter, open-label, noninferiority trial in which patients were randomized to receive methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta or reference erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, stratified by maintenance or correction treatment status and C-reactive protein level. The trial had a prespecified noninferiority margin of 1.20 for the hazard ratio (HR) for the primary end point (a composite of all-cause mortality, nonfatal myocardial infarction or stroke, adjudicated by an independent blinded committee). This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00773513.

Results
In total, 2818 patients underwent randomization, received methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta or a reference agent, and were followed for a median of 3.4 years (maximum, 8.4 years). In the modified intention-to-treat analysis, a primary end point event occurred in 640 (45.4%) patients in the methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta arm, and 644 (45.7%) in the reference arm (HR 1.03; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.93 to 1.15, P=0.004 for noninferiority). All-cause mortality was not different between treatment groups (HR 1.06; 95% CI, 0.94 to 1.19). Results in patient subgroups on dialysis or treated in the correction or maintenance settings were comparable to the primary analysis.

Conclusions
In patients with anemia of CKD, once-monthly methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta was noninferior to conventional, shorter-acting erythropoiesis-stimulating agents with respect to rates of major adverse cardiovascular events or all-cause mortality.
Differential etching after lithic heat treatment: First results of an experimental study
Authors: Kiers Linda 
Published: August 2019

The practice of lithic heat treatment creates a combination of initial dull flake scars and subsequent smooth flake scars when the implement is finished after heating. Experiments were done to test the susceptibility of dull and smooth flake scars to etching. The points were etched in 40% hydrofluoric acid for either 40 or 60 seconds. In the 40 seconds experiment, the smooth flake scars of 9 (out of 25) heated points showed less etching than the dull flake scars or no etching at all. These artefacts formed a weathering pattern that is similar to double patina in reworked flints. Ten unheated control samples did not form differential weathering between different generations of flake scars. In the 60 seconds experiment 4 (out of 25) heated points showed some parts of the smooth surface to be less affected. Ten unheated control samples did not form differential weathering. The experiments show that sometimes smooth flake scars are more resistant to etching initially.
In Scanning Electron Microscopy, flint artefacts are sometimes pre-treated with hydrofluoric acid. Heat treated flints are susceptible to differential weathering by hydrofluoric acid. Thus, pre-treatment with hydrofluoric acid of heat treated SEM samples can lead to surfaces that are etched to a different extent.
The chemical etching in this study does not replicate any natural patination process. How heat treated lithics respond to natural weathering processes cannot be predicted. Further studies should produce natural patination and test selected artefacts in contexts of intentional heat treatment for signs of heating.
Grand-Pressigny was not alone: Acquiring and sharing data about raw materials in the collective research project “Réseau de lithothèques en région Centre-Val de Loire” (France)
Authors: Delvigne Vincent , Fernandes Paul , Tuffery Christophe , Angevin Raphaël , Lethrosne Harold , Aubry Thierry , Creusillet Marie France , Dépont Jean , Le Bourdonnec François-Xavier , Lafarge Audrey , Liabeuf René , Mangado-Llach Xavier , Moncel Marie Hélène , Philippe Michel , Piboule Michel , Primault Jérôme , Raynal Jean-Paul , Recq Clément , Sanchez de la Torre Marta , Teurquety Gabriel , Verjux Christian 
Published: August 2019

In the wake of the discovery of numerous large blade workshops at Le Grand-Pressigny site (Indre-et-Loire, France), which initially aroused great interest, the mid-Loire Valley region became central to studies of flint diffusion. Despite the quality of the initial work, the widely shared view now is that the capacity for this concept to continue to provide useful archaeological modelling has diminished. Establishing real and actual correlations between archaeological objects and geological samples remains difficult, making it almost impossible to determine the source of certain materials represented in an archaeological series. In response to this problem, the French collective research project "Réseau de lithothèque en région Centre-Val de Loire" assembled about 30 amateur and professional researchers from various European institutions to work on three strategic missions:

Mission 1: establish a list of current lithotheques (“rock-libraries” or comparative collections), verify their contents and complete them if necessary;
Mission 2: link the major types of depositional environments with the properties acquired by flint through its life;
Mission 3: spread knowledge and information both within the project and to all interested persons.

The project is closely associated with similar French programs already in place in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes and Aquitaine regions. The ultimate objective is to build a national and international community around a common project, bringing participants together regularly to share knowledge and technical expertise.
Preliminary archaeometric investigation on Middle Neolithic siliceous tools from Limba-Oarda de Jos (Transylvania, Romania)
Authors: Rey-Solé Mar , Ionescu Corina , Ciuta Marius , Muresan-Pop Marieta , Simon Viorica 
Published: August 2019

The present archaeometric study focuses on a set of archaeological siliceous lithic tools that are assigned to the early Vinča culture period (Vinča A and Vinča B1). They were found in several pit-houses at Limba-Oarda de Jos (SW Transylvania, Romania), an open settlement that has been dated to 5,405-5,310 cal. BCE, a period in the Middle Neolithic. A total of 322 retouched tools and débitage pieces were typologically and macroscopically investigated. From these, 20 pieces were analyzed by polarized light optical microscopy (OM) and 10 pieces were analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) in order to identify compositional characteristics, define the petrographic type, and establish the spectral fingerprint of each material.
Four petrographic types were discriminated: radiolarite, chert, fossiliferous chert, and siliceous limestone. Mineralogically, the tools primarily consist of a mass of microquartz and fibrous microquartz (called also ‘chalcedony’) associated with radiolarians remnants (in radiolarites); fossil shell fragments (in the fossiliferous chert); and limestone components, such as ooliths and pellets (in the siliceous limestone). All samples show distinct FTIR bands, most of which are assigned to microquartz, quartz, and fibrous microquartz. The deconvolution of the FTIR spectra in the 950-1300 cm-1 domain reveals the contribution of several other phases, such as calcite and clay minerals.
The results support the assumption that the tools made of chert, fossiliferous chert, and siliceous limestone were produced at the site from nodules that probably originated from the Upper Jurassic chert-bearing limestone that crops out nearby in the Trascău Mts. The tools made of radiolarite were most likely brought to the site as finished products from the Trascău Mts.
Actividades Recreativas Artístico-Culturales como Factor Protector de la Función Cognitiva en Adultos Mayores
Authors: Cruz Martínez Lixy Dennis , Alonso Trujillo Javier , González Isidro Jose Luis , Ordoñez Monroy Ana Lorena , Alonso Ricardez Abraham 
Published: August 2019

<p class="p1"><strong>Introducción.</strong> Envejecer es un proceso que conlleva disminuciones en la función cognitiva, afectando al adulto mayor (AM). Murillo recomienda ejecutar actividades recreativas<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>porque contribuyen a un aporte intelectual, beneficio físico y mental en el AM. <strong>Objetivo. </strong>Conocer la asociación entre la alta ejecución de actividades recreativas y<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>la función cognitiva normal en AM de dos centros de atención en la ciudad de México. <strong>Metodología.</strong> Estudio observacional, transversal, prospectivo y analítico. El tamaño muestral fue de 50 sujetos del CASSAM<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>y 52 Sujetos del Jardín de los AM.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Se aplicó una escala Likert para medir la ejecución de las actividades recreativas realizadas y el test de Folstein para valorar la función cognitiva. Se estimó asociación estadística entre las variables de estudio a través de Chi cuadrada de Independencia y se compararon las medias de Función Cognitiva mediante ANOVA de Kruskal-Wallis. Nivel de significancia= 0.05. Resultados. La media de función cognitiva fue de 25.9 (IC 95%; 25.1 a 26.9) y 28.3 (IC95%; 28 a 28.7) en CASSAM<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>y Jardín de los AM respectivamente (p=0.000). No se encontró asociación significativa entre las variables de estudio (p=0.106). Las dimensiones de la variable Actividad Recreativa fueron homogéneas en ambas instituciones (p&gt;0.05). Se observaron diferencias significativas en dos aspectos de la función cognitiva. Atención y cálculo (p=0.001) y Recuerdo diferido (p=0.002). <strong>Conclusión.</strong> Una mejor función cognitiva se presentó en los sujetos del Jardín de los AM, lo que probablemente se deba a las distintas actividades artístico-culturales que allí se desarrollan.</p><p class="p2"> </p>
Key Planning Questions to Consider in Small Stream Hydrometric Monitoring
Authors: Pike Robin , Goeller Neil , Goetz Jonathan , Crookshanks Sarah 
Published: August 2019

This article provides key questions to consider when planning and operating a small stream hydrometric station. Office planning components include defining hydrometric monitoring objectives; the availability of hydrometric expertise; resource availability; safety plans and standard operating procedures; equipment availability (hydrometric station installation and streamflow measurement); sampling frequency and data availability; permissions and permitting requirements; data processing, access, and archiving; and metadata requirements. Key parts of field-based hydrometric planning include site safety; site accessibility; flow variability; channel control features; flow containment, diversions and additions; low flow considerations; high flow considerations; flow measurement challenges in small streams; benchmarks and survey criteria; and public safety and vandalism. Theoverall goal of the article is to help non-professionals collect better hydrometric data and to highlight the varied planning aspects of typical hydrometric installations and operations.
The Roles of Accounting in Agro-Pastoral Settings: The Case of the Landed Estates of Prince Sambiase in the Mid-Eighteenth Century
Authors: Antonelli Valerio , Cafaro Emanuela Mattia , D'Alessio Raffaele , Bigoni Michele 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
International literature on agricultural accounting is yet to pay a significant level of attention to the investigation of the roles that accounting can play in the agricultural domain beyond its traditional function of promoting efficiency and rational decision making. Informed by Miller and Power's (2013) analysis of the functions that accounting can have in different socio-institutional contexts, the paper adds to extant literature by studying the roles of accounting in Prince Sambiase's properties, located in Southern Italy, in the mid-eighteenth century. On his lands agricultural and pastoral activities were managed in a semi-feudal setting, combining serfdom and waged labor, barter and monetary exchange, consumption and production. Based on primary and secondary sources, this study focuses on the property lists, inventories, the double-entry bookkeeping system and workers control practices used on Prince Sambiase's estates to document how they were employed as territorializing, adjudicating, mediating and subjectivizing practices.
Influence of Doping on Optical Properties of (CdS:Fe+3)Thin Films Prepared by Chemical Spray pyrolysis
Authors: Saleh Karrar mahdi 
Published: August 2019

In the present work, undoped CdS and doped with iron CdS:Fe+3 thin films have been prepared by chemical spray pyrolysis method on glass substrate with different temperature from cadmium nitrate solution with constant thickness(450 ± 5 nm), and study the effect of the percentage of doping with iron on optical properties of prepared films.
The optical properties have been studied from transmittance and absorbance spectral within wavelengths range (380-900 nm). The results showed that all the prepared films has direct electronic transitions and optical energy gap between (2.31-2.44 eV). They also showed that the transmittance and optical energy gap of films prepared from nitrate solution increase with increasing of substrate temperature, then transmittance start downward with the continued increase in temperature (400, 450 oC), and a decrease in the optical energy gap with increasing doping percentage with iron.