bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Investigation of VLF Transmitter Wave Power in the Inner Radiation Belt and Slot Region
Authors: Meredith Nigel P. , Horne Richard B. , Clilverd Mark A. , Ross Johnathan P. J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSignals from man‐made Very Low Frequency (VLF) transmitters, used for communications with submarines, can leak into space and contribute to the dynamics of energetic electrons in the inner radiation belt and slot region. In this study we use ∼5 years of plasma wave data from the Van Allen Probe A satellite to construct new models of the observed wave power from VLF transmitters both as a function of L* and magnetic local time and geographic location. Average power peaks primarily on the nightside of the Earth for the VLF transmitters at low geographic latitudes. At higher latitudes the peak average power extends further in magnetic local time due to more extensive periods of nighttime in the winter months. Nighttime power is typically orders of magnitude more than that observed near noon, implying that loss rates from a given VLF transmitter will also maximize in this region. The observed power from any given VLF transmitter is tightly confined in longitude, with the nightside peak power typically falling by a factor of 10 within 10° longitude of the location of the peak signal. We show that the total average wave power from all VLF transmitters lies in the range 3–9 pT2 in the region 1.3<L*<3.0, with approximately 50% of this power emanating from three VLF transmitters, NWC, NAA, and DHO38.
Spatial Mapping of Fracture Aperture Changes With Shear Displacement Using X‐ray Computerized Tomography
Authors: Wenning Quinn C. , Madonna Claudio , Kurotori Takeshi , Pini Ronny 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe shearing of fractures can be a significant source of permeability change by altering the distribution of void space within the fracture itself. Common methods to estimate the effects of shearing on properties, such as aperture, roughness, and connectivity, are incapable of providing these observations in situ. Laboratory protocols are needed that enable measurements of the spatial structure of the fracture aperture field in the medium, noninvasively. Here, we investigate changes in rough‐walled Brazilian‐induced tensile fracture aperture distribution with progressive shear displacement in Westerly granite and Carrara marble using a novel X‐ray transparent core holder. The so‐called calibration‐free missing attenuation method is applied to reconstruct highly resolved (submillimeter) fracture aperture maps as a function of displacement (0 to 5.75 mm) in induced fractures. We observe that shearing increases the core‐averaged fracture aperture and significantly broadens the distribution of local values, mostly toward higher apertures. These effects are particularly strong in Westerly granite and may be the result of the higher initial roughness of its fracture surfaces. Also, while the correlation length of the aperture field increases in both parallel and perpendicular directions, significant anisotropy is developed in both samples with the progression of shearing. The results on Westerly granite provide a direct indication that fracture aperture remains largely unaffected until 1 mm of displacement is achieved, which is important when estimating permeability enhancement due to natural and induced shear displacement in faults.
N2O Emissions From Two Agroecosystems: High Spatial Variability and Long Pulses Observed Using Static Chambers and the Flux‐Gradient Technique
Authors: Waldo Sarah , Russell Eric S. , Kostyanovsky Kirill , Pressley Shelley N. , O'Keeffe Patrick T. , Huggins David R. , Stöckle Claudio O. , Pan William L. , Lamb Brian K. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWith the addition of nitrogen (N), agricultural soils are the main anthropogenic source of N2O, but high spatial and temporal variabilities make N2O emissions difficult to characterize at the field scale. This study used flux‐gradient measurements to continuously monitor N2O emissions at two agricultural fields under different management regimes in the inland Pacific Northwest of Washington State, USA. Automated 16‐chamber arrays were also deployed at each site; chamber monitoring results aided the interpretation of the flux gradient results. The cumulative emissions over the six‐month (1 April–30 September) monitoring period were 2.4 ± 0.7 and 2.1 ± 2 kg N2O‐N/ha at the no‐till and conventional till sites, respectively. At both sites, maximum N2O emissions occurred following the first rainfall event after N fertilization, and both sites had monthlong emission pulses. The no‐till site had a larger N2O emission factor than the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Tier 1 emission factor of 1% of the N input, while the conventional‐till site's emission factor was close to 1% of the N input. However, these emission factors are likely conservative. We estimate that the global warming potential of the N2O emissions at these sites is larger than that of the no‐till conversion carbon uptake. We recommend the use of chambers to investigate spatiotemporal controls as a complementary method to micrometeorological monitoring, especially in systems with high variability. Continued monitoring coupled with the use of models is necessary to investigate how changing management and environmental conditions will affect N2O emissions.
Role of Proinflammatory Cytokines in Feedback Modulation of Circadian Clock Gene Rhythms by Saturated Fatty Acids
Authors: Kim Sam-Moon , Neuendorff Nichole , Earnest David J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractProinflammatory signaling cascades have been implicated in the mechanism by which high fat diet (HFD) and saturated fatty acids (SFA) modulate fundamental circadian properties of peripheral clocks. Because the cytokines TNFα and IL-6 are key signals in HFD- and SFA-induced proinflammatory responses that ultimately lead to systemic insulin resistance, the present study examined the roles of these cytokines in the feedback modulation of peripheral circadian clocks by the proinflammatory SFA, palmitate. IL-6 and TNFα secretion in Bmal1-dLuc fibroblast cultures was increased during palmitate treatment although the time course and amplitude of the inductive response differed between these cytokines. Similar to the time-dependent phase shifts observed in response to palmitate, treatment with IL-6 or with the low dose (0.1 ng/ml) of TNFα at hour 12 (i.e., after forskolin synchronization) induced phase advances of fibroblast Bmal1-dLuc rhythms. In complementary experiments, treatment with neutralizing antibodies against these proinflammatory cytokines or their receptors to inhibit of IL-6- or TNFα-mediated signaling repressed palmitate-induced phase shifts of the fibroblast clock. These studies suggest that TNFα, IL-6 and other proinflammatory cytokines may mediate the feedback modulation of peripheral circadian clocks by SFA-induced inflammatory signaling.
Assessment of pulsating torque mitigation control strategy through tidal turbine emulation
Authors: Sousounis Marios Charilaos , Shek Jonathan K.H. 
Published: June 2019

This article presents the modelling and assessment of a pulsating torque mitigation control strategy by using a tidal turbine emulator in a laboratory environment. Sudden changes and variability of the tidal flow velocity have the effect of creating pulsations on tidal current turbines. These pulsations have an adverse effect on tidal turbine fatigue and ultimate loading as well as the operation of the drivetrain. For the above reasons, a pulsating torque mitigation control strategy has been developed and tested which is based on modifying the reference maximum power point speed of the generator. This article presents the assessment of this pulsating torque mitigation control strategy in a laboratory setup. A 7 kW tidal current turbine is modelled in MATLAB/Simulink. The tidal turbine is emulated in the laboratory setup by using a torque‐controlled induction motor. Results show the effectiveness of the method in a laboratory environment, the ability of the generator to accelerate and decelerate based on the speed controller commands and the difference between the pulsating torque mitigation control strategy and maximum power point operation (MPPO). In addition, the experimental results are compared with a Simulink model which will show the accuracy of the modelling process.
Design of an anti‐irradiation beam‐steering unit based on ASIC circuit
Authors: Xiao Wenguang , Yao Baidong 
Published: June 2019

There are a large number of high‐energy particles in the space. These high‐energy particles induce a single‐event upset effect on DSP, FPGA, and other programmable digital controllers inside the beam‐steering unit, which can produce unpredictable and erroneous influences, thereby reducing the reliability of space‐borne‐phased array radars. In order to solve the above problems, this study presents a design of beam‐steering unit based on a kind of application‐specific integrated circuit (ASIC). By using the advantages of ASIC circuits such as strong radiation resistance, high integration, and low power consumption, this solution adopts an anti‐irradiation ASIC chip as a controller, and anti‐irradiation RS422 transceivers are used to complete interface conversion for receiving data and transmitting data. The beam refreshing and telemetry functions between the beam control computer and the 24 microwave modules are realised finally. The test result shows that the phase distribution time is <30 μs when the clock is 3.125 MHz, and the falling edge of sampling pulse is located at half the length of a data symbol, ensuring data hold time long enough to sample correctly.
Absolute dimensions of the low-mass eclipsing binary system NSVS 10653195
Authors: Iglesias-Marzoa Ramón , Arévalo María J. , López-Morales Mercedes , Torres Guillermo , Lázaro Carlos , Coughlin Jeffrey L. 
Published: June 2019

Context. Low-mass stars in eclipsing binary systems show radii larger and effective temperatures lower than theoretical stellar models predict for isolated stars with the same masses. Eclipsing binaries with low-mass components are hard to find due to their low luminosity. As a consequence, the analysis of the known low-mass eclipsing systems is key to understand this behavior.
Aims. We aim to investigate the mass–radius relation for low-mass stars and the cause of the deviation of the observed radii in low-mass detached eclipsing binary stars (LMDEB) from theoretical stellar models.
Methods. We developed a physical model of the LMDEB system NSVS 10653195 to accurately measure the masses and radii of the components. We obtained several high-resolution spectra in order to fit a spectroscopic orbit. Standardized absolute photometry was obtained to measure reliable color indices and to measure the mean Teff of the system in out-of-eclipse phases. We observed and analyzed optical VRI and infrared JK band differential light-curves which were fitted using PHOEBE. A Markov chain Monte-Carlo (MCMC) simulation near the solution found provides robust uncertainties for the fitted parameters.
Results. NSVS 10653195 is a detached eclipsing binary composed of two similar stars with masses of M1 = 0.6402 ± 0.0052 M⊙ and M2 = 0.6511 ± 0.0052 M⊙ and radii of R1 = 0.687+0.017−0.024 R⊙ and R2 = 0.672+0.018−0.022 R⊙. Spectral types were estimated to be K6V and K7V. These stars rotate in a circular orbit with an orbital inclination of i = 86.22 ± 0.61 degrees and a period of P = 0.5607222(2) d. The distance to the system is estimated to be d = 135.2+7.6−7.9 pc, in excellent agreement with the value from Gaia. If solar metallicity were assumed, the age of the system would be older than log (age) ∼ 8 based on the Mbol–log Teff diagram.
Conclusions. NSVS 10653195 is composed of two oversized and active K stars. While their radii is above model predictions their Teff are in better agreement with models.
Numerical approximation of the 3D hydrostatic Navier–Stokes system with free surface
Authors: Allgeyer Sebastien , Bristeau Marie-Odile , Froger David , Hamouda Raouf , Jauzein V. , Mangeney Anne , Sainte-Marie Jacques , Souillé Fabien , Vallée Martin 
Published: June 2019

In this paper we propose a stable and robust strategy to approximate the 3D incompressible hydrostatic Euler and Navier–Stokes systems with free surface. Compared to shallow water approximation of the Navier–Stokes system, the idea is to use a Galerkin type approximation of the velocity field with piecewise constant basis functions in order to obtain an accurate description of the vertical profile of the horizontal velocity. Such a strategy has several advantages. It allowsto rewrite the Navier–Stokes equations under the form of a system of conservation laws with source terms,the easy handling of the free surface, which does not require moving meshes,the possibility to take advantage of robust and accurate numerical techniques developed in extensive amount for Shallow Water type systems.Compared to previous works of some of the authors, the three dimensional case is studied in this paper. We show that the model admits a kinetic interpretation including the vertical exchanges terms, and we use this result to formulate a robust finite volume scheme for its numerical approximation. All the aspects of the discrete scheme (fluxes, boundary conditions, ...) are completely described and the stability properties of the proposed numerical scheme (well-balancing, positivity of the water depth, ...) are discussed. We validate the model and the discrete scheme with some numerical academic examples (3D non stationary analytical solutions) and illustrate the capability of the discrete model to reproduce realistic tsunami waves propagation, tsunami runup and complex 3D hydrodynamics in a raceway.
Comprehensive comparison of pore-scale models for multiphase flow in porous media
Authors: Zhao Benzhong , MacMinn Christopher W. , Primkulov Bauyrzhan K. , Chen Yu , Valocchi Albert J. , Zhao Jianlin , Kang Qinjun , Bruning Kelsey , McClure James E. , Miller Cass T. , Fakhari Abbas , Bolster Diogo , Hiller Thomas , Brinkmann Martin , Cueto-Felgueroso Luis , Cogswell Daniel A. , Verma Rahul , Prodanović Maša , Maes Julien , Geiger Sebastian , Vassvik Morten , Hansen Alex , Segre Enrico , Holtzman Ran , Yang Zhibing , Yuan Chao , Chareyre Bruno , Juanes Ruben 
Published: June 2019

Significance
The simultaneous flow of multiple fluid phases through a porous solid occurs in many natural and industrial processes. Microscale physical mechanisms such as the relative affinity of the solid for the fluids (i.e., wettability), capillarity, and viscosity combine with pore geometry to produce a wide variety of macroscopic flow patterns. Pore-scale modeling is an essential tool to connect microscale mechanisms with macroscopic patterns, but quantitative comparisons between different models, and with experimental data, are lacking. Here, we perform an unprecedented comparison of state-of-the-art models from 14 leading groups with a recent experimental dataset. The results underscore the challenges of simulating multiphase flows through porous media, highlighting specific areas for further effort in what is already a flourishing field of research.
Specific Character of Natural Hazards on High-latitude Sea Transport Passages Europe-Asia-Pacific Region: Challenges for Technosphere Safety
Authors: Vinogradov A N , Tsukerman V A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The especial feature of high-latitude marine routes is unusual geodynamic regime of the sea bed and hydrodynamic of waters, caused by a wide spread of a submarine permafrost, enriched with methane gas-hydrates. They had been accumulated during the Ice Age, and after deglaciation the both permafrost and gas-hydrates are subject to destruction, accompanied by a runoff of methane into sea water and atmosphere. There are two mechanisms of degassing: diffusion (DDG) and flare-bubble (FDG). DDG acts permanently resulting in appearance of areas with an abnormal concentration of methane dissolved in water, decreasing its density, and so affecting a floatability of vessels. FDG appears locally and impulsively, but this type of degassing presents an essential risk for a safety of high-latitude transport communications, as well as for underwater technical infrastructure in the exploited oil and gas fields. Fast-growing gas-hydrate pingoes can change the bottom relief and generate newborn islands or shallow banks with hummock. Consequences of the blowing up of subaqueous pingoes are very hazardous, and include a formation of giant pockmarks and craters at the sea bed, an emergence of large methane bubbles to the sea surface and emission in air of the methane tails up to a thousand kilometers in length. The entry of ships into the FDG zone is fraught with flooding; the engineering facilities in these zones will be subjected to mechanical damage and fires. Due to provide both industrial and ecological safety the special preventive measures are needed.
Investment Process Resource Provision in the Agricultural Sector
Authors: Sivash O , Ushakov D , Ermilova M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Based on the statistical data and analytical documents analysis, the purpose in this paper is to develop a methodology for determining the directions of the investment process regulation at various stages of its implementation and the optimal investment resources allocation. According to the purpose of the research, the following objects are defined in this paper: to explore the current state of the investment process development in the agricultural sector of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Crimea; to identify the goals for the investment process development in the agricultural sector of the Republic of Crimea in accordance with the main state program documents; to develop a methodology for determining the financial management centers at various stages of the investment process implementation; to develop a methodology for determining the interrelated modules that affect the modeled management system for the investment process adaptability in the agricultural sector; to identify the elements of the block system for managing the resource support of the investment process.
Assessment of Performance Indicators of Innovative Activity of Subjects of The Russian Arctic Based on The Triple Helix Model
Authors: Egorov N , Pospelova T 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The article includes the econometric analysis of the key performance indicators of innovative activity, patenting activity, the production of innovative products and state support for innovative activities, state capacity and the implementation of cluster programs in the constituent entities of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The results of the comparative evaluation of key indicators of scientific and educational complex, business and government in the Arctic regions and the rating of the composite index level of innovative development of the subjects is made on the basis of the concept of the Triple Helix Model. It is shown that the key indicators of innovation activity selected for analysis and evaluation reflect the real picture of the current situation of the state innovative development in the Arctic zone of Russia. On the basis of the analysis, it is possible to formulate certain scientific and practical recommendations for the adoption of various management decisions. The above methodology will improve the level and quality of strategic planning and management of the innovative economies in the Arctic Territory.
Modern Scientific and Methodological Approaches to Assessing the Competitiveness of the Region: Application Problems
Authors: Krasnokutskiy P A , Ugnich E A , Taranov P M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
At present, the emphasis in studies on the competitiveness of countries shifts from national to regional. Taking into account the disproportions in the development of regions, as well as the importance of inclusive development for national economy as a whole, this approach takes on special significance. Inclusive development of the territory necessarily requires an approach to ensuring competitiveness and prosperity not as inherited, but as newly created. Assessment of the territory competitiveness faces a number of problems. In this work, the author’s vision of competitiveness assessment’s basic stages, based on comparative analysis, is presented. The conclusion, that increasing the competitiveness of the region should be considered as an instrument for achieving the ultimate goal - inclusive development, is made. Besides, the main problems that arise in assessing the competitiveness of the territories, were determined. It is established that the GDP per capita indicator, used as one of the indicators of the socio-economic territory development, does not fully comply with the modern concept of inclusive development. It is shown that the use of the Russian regional innovation index is appropriate for assessing the innovative component of the region’s competitive potential. The main shortcomings of the use of integrated indicators in assessing regional competitiveness are revealed.
Technology of Effective Polytechnical Training at the Basis of Creation of Ontologies
Authors: Dolyatovskiy V A , Gamaley Y V , Dolyatovskiy L V 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The problem of growth of volume of engineering knowledge and their difficulties is considered when developing and using high technology productions and high technologies in regions. Growth of requirements to competences of engineering personnel and need of structurization and systematization of knowledge result in need of application of ontologic approach to polytechnic education. The expediency of forming of ontologies of two levels is shown: models of subject domain for understanding of essence of the engineering sphere and the structured set of elements of applied knowledge (ontology of the second order), are formalized the maintenance of simple and expanded ontologies. The formal structure of the virtual training environments for engineering education is defined, examples of the developed virtual environments for all levels of training are provided, the efficiency of their practical application is shown.
The Concept of a Regional Grain Production Cluster Ensuring Food Security
Authors: Onishchenko S K 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The article is focused on the challenges of creating a regional grain production cluster to ensure the food security at the regional and national levels. The research substantiates the conceptual scheme of building a regional grain product cluster summarizing the theoretical aspects of agro-industrial cluster formation and operation in the regional agri-food sector, as well as critically revises the prospects for their further development based on the food security implementation. The integration-driven transformation of the enterprises of agro-industrial complex based on the created clusters is an alternative to the crisis processes in the regional agri-food industry which cause considerable economic loss and deteriorating the living conditions of the rural population. That is why the ways searching how to optimize the regional grain product cluster structure require a clear definition of the national economy and enterprises branches participating in final product making. The agricultural enterprises specialized in growing, storing and processing grain products should constitute the regional grain production cluster core. The regional grain production cluster is an innovative development mechanism of the agrarian economy contributing to the country’s food security.