bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age and blood pressure stratified healthy vascular aging, organ damage and prognosis in the community-dwelling elderly: insights from the North Shanghai Study
Authors: Ren Zhongyuan , Yang Haotian , Zhu Wenqing , Han Jun , Yu Shikai , Zhao Song , Meng Weilun , Xu Yawei , Zhao Yifan , Zhang Yi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of age and blood pressure stratified healthy vascular aging (HVA) defined in the North Shanghai Study (NSS), and illustrate its relationship with organ damage (OD).

Methods
This study enrolled 3590 community-dwelling elderly Chinese aged over 65 years and finally 3234 participants were included. 3230 individuals were included in the final analysis, with 4 participants lost to follow-up. NSS HVA was defined as low carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) which had a higher cutoff value with advanced age and level of blood pressure. OD was thoroughly assessed and classified into vascular, cardiac and renal OD. Primary endpoints were major adverse cerebrocardiovascular events (MACCE) and all-cause mortality.

Results
Nine hundred seventy-eight participants out of 3234 participants (43.1%) were identified as having NSS HVA. The NSS HVA group exhibited a younger age, lower blood pressure levels, lower body mass index, and milder OD compared to the non-NSS HVA group. Over follow-up of 5.7 ± 1.8 years, 332 MACCE (1.82 per 100 person-year) and 212 all-cause deaths (1.14 per 100 person -year) occurred. NSS HVA was associated with a reduced risk of MACCE (HR [95% CI] = 0.585, 0.454–0.754) and all-cause death (HR [95%CI] = 0.608 [0.445, 0.832]), especially in those subgroups without clinical diagnosed cardiovascular disease (CVD) or diabetes mellitus but with at least one type of OD. Moreover, NSS HVA exhibited improved prognostic value for MACCE, all-cause death and CVD death compared to other definitions of HVA.

Conclusions
Age and blood pressure stratified NSS HVA could serve as an improved indicator against serious adverse events in the community-dwelling elderly Chinese.

Trial registration
Prognosis in the Elderly Chinese: The Northern Shanghai Study (NSS), NCT02368938, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02368938?cond=NCT02368938&rank=1.
Engineering collagen-based biomaterials for cardiovascular medicine
Authors: Zuo Xianghao , Xiao Yao , Yang Jing , He Yuanmeng , He Yunxiang , Liu Kai , Chen Xiaoping , Guo Junling 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCardiovascular diseases have been the leading cause of global mortality and disability. In addition to traditional drug and surgical treatment, more and more studies investigate tissue engineering therapeutic strategies in cardiovascular medicine. Collagen interweaves in the form of trimeric chains to form the physiological network framework of the extracellular matrix of cardiac and vascular cells, possessing excellent biological properties (such as low immunogenicity and good biocompatibility) and adjustable mechanical properties, which renders it a vital tissue engineering biomaterial for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, promising advances have been made in the application of collagen materials in blood vessel prostheses, injectable cardiac hydrogels, cardiac patches, and hemostatic materials, although their clinical translation still faces some obstacles. Thus, we reviewed these findings and systematically summarizes the application progress as well as problems of clinical translation of collagen biomaterials in the cardiovascular field. The present review contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the application of collagen biomaterials in cardiovascular medicine.
Graphical abstract
Decorin-armed oncolytic adenovirus promotes natural killers (NKs) activation and infiltration to enhance NK therapy in CRC model
Authors: Li Xue , Zhang Yuning , Mao Zhuang , Zhao Huiqiang , Cao Hu , Wang Jingyi , Liu Wei , Dai Shiyun , Yang Yuefeng , Huang Yuanyuan , Wang Hua 
Published: November 2024

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent malignant tumor of the gastrointestinal system, with the third and second highest incidence and mortality rates globally in 2020, respectively. Immunotherapy has developed rapidly in recent years. Natural killer (NK) cells have received increasing attention in the field of tumor immunotherapy due to their recognition and killing tumor cells without the limitations of major histocompatibility complexes. However, constraints within the tumor microenvironment that impede the infiltration and proliferation of NK cells result in poor efficacy of NK cell therapy for solid tumors. Oncolytic viral therapy is an immunogenic treatment with the potential to enhance anti-tumour immune responses and promote immune cell infiltration. In this study, we synergistically combine NK cells with an oncolytic adenovirus carrying Decorin (rAd.DCN) for the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) in a xenograft mouse model. By using Flow cytometry, real-time quantitative PCR and Calcein-AM release assay, we found that rAd.DCN could effectively promote proliferation, activation and degranulation of NK cells, up-regulate expression and secretion of NK cell killing activity-related factors, and enhance their killing activity. The efficacy is better than that of the blank control oncolytic virus rAd.Null. Combined treatment significantly inhibited tumor growth, increased the number of NK cells in peripheral blood, promoted the killing function of NK cells, and increased the expression levels of perforin and IFN-γ. At the same time, more NK cells were recruited to infiltrate tumor tissue. Our study established the feasibility of combination NK cells and oncolytic adenovirus application, thus expanding the scope of potentially curative treatments for NK cells in CRC.
Research on aerodynamic characteristics of high-velocity train bogies
Authors: Yongrong Jin , Xiaoli Chen 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe bogie is a critical component of high-velocity trains. As train velocity rises, the operational quality is increasingly influenced by aerodynamic forces. The aerodynamic characteristics of bogies significantly impact the safety of train operations. This article examines a real high-velocity train model, constructing a 3-group train model, and developing a mathematical model of high-velocity train operation on open lines. Using three-dimensional steady-state Navier–Stokes equations, the flow field characteristics, pressure spread, aerodynamic forces, and torque characteristics on the bogie and body of high-velocity locomotives operating at velocities of 200 km/h, 250 km/h, 300 km/h, and 350 km/h are calculated, with measurement spots set to study the trend of pressure variation with train velocity. The research findings indicate that pressure at the same location on the body surface rises with vehicle velocity, with a quadratic link between the two. The uneven pressure spread between two bogies of the same vehicle and between two axles of the same bogie indicates that aerodynamic forces can cause axle load transfer in high-velocity trains. The highest values of aerodynamic resistance and lift happen at the front bogie, and the resistance and lift of both a single carriage and the entire vehicle increase with velocity, following a quadratic relationship. The highest nodding torque of the train body occurs on one vehicle, while the highest nodding torque of the bogie occurs on the 6th bogie, with both torques increasing with velocity, also in a quadratic relationship.
Rare Variation in LMNA Underlies Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Pathogenesis in 2 Independent Cohorts
Authors: Bauer Rosemary , Parker Chloe , Gorsic Lidija K , Hayes Michael Geoffrey , Kunselman Allen R , Legro Richard S , Welt Corrine K , Urbanek Margrit 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Context
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common, heritable endocrinopathy that is a common cause of anovulatory infertility in reproductive age women. Variants in LMNA cause partial lipodystrophy, a syndrome with overlapping features to PCOS.

Objective
We tested the hypothesis that rare variation in LMNA contributes to PCOS pathogenesis and selects a lipodystrophy-like subtype of PCOS.

Methods
We sequenced LMNA by targeted sequencing a Discovery cohort of 811 PCOS patients and 164 healthy controls. We then analyzed LMNA from whole-exome sequencing of a Replication cohort of 718 PCOS patients and 281 healthy controls. We evaluated variation in the LMNA gene and hormone and lipid profiles of participants

Results
In the Discovery cohort, we identified 8 missense variants in 15/811 cases, and 1 variant in 1/172 reproductively healthy controls. There is strong evidence for association between the variants and PCOS compared to gnomAD non-Finnish European population controls (χ2 = 17, P = 3.7 × 10−5, OR = 2.9). In the Replication cohort, we identified 11 unique variants in 15/718 cases, and 1 variant in 281 reproductively healthy controls. Again, there is strong evidence for association with population controls (χ2 = 30.5, P = 3.4 × 10−8, OR = 4.0). In both the Discovery and Replication cohorts, variants in LMNA identify women with PCOS with high triglycerides and extreme insulin resistance.

Conclusion
Rare missense variation in LMNA is reproducibly associated with PCOS and identifies some individuals with lipodystrophy-like features. The overlap between this PCOS phenotype and genetic partial lipodystrophy syndromes warrants further investigation into additional lipodystrophy genes and their potential in PCOS etiology.
CASRdb: A Publicly Accessible Comprehensive Database for Disease-Associated Calcium-Sensing Receptor Variants
Authors: Charoenngam Nipith , Wattanachayakul Phuuwadith , Mannstadt Michael 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Context
Genetic testing of the calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) gene is crucial for confirming diagnoses of familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia type I (FHH1) and autosomal dominant hypocalcemia type I (ADH1). Therefore, we created a publicly accessible comprehensive database of the disease-causing variants of the CASR gene.

Evidence Acquisition
We used 2 sources for variant reports: (1) we conducted a systematic review in the Embase and PubMed databases from inception to March 2023, using search strategies associated with CASR. We identified all articles reporting CASR variants associated with disorders of calcium metabolism. (2) Additionally, data associated with pathogenic (P) or likely pathogenic (LP) variants in the ClinVar and LOVD databases were retrieved. Benign or likely benign variants were excluded. Variants of uncertain significance (VUS) were included only if they were reported in the literature. We generated a library of CASR variants associated with phenotypes, which has been made available on a website.

Evidence Synthesis
We identified a total of 498 variants, of which 121 (24.3%) were associated with ADH1 and 377 (75.7%) with FHH1. Most included variants were identified from the literature (117 activating and 352 inactivating variants), and the majority of these were not documented in ClinVar/LOVD (73/117, 62.4% activating variants; 207/352, 58.8% inactivating variants).

Conclusion
We developed CASRdb, a database that compiles information on all CASR variants associated with disorders of calcium metabolism from existing literature and genomic databases. Our database stands out due to the substantially higher number of disease-associated variants it contains, highlighting its comprehensive nature. The website is available at http://casrdb.mgh.harvard.edu.
Evolution and development of the conduction system in the vertebrate heart: a role for hemodynamics and the epicardium
Authors: Poelmann Robert E. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Development of the heart is a very intricate and multiplex process as it involves not only the three spatial dimensions but also the fourth or time dimension. Over time, the heart of an embryo needs to adapt its function to serve the increasing complexity of differentiation and growth towards adulthood. It becomes even more perplexing by expanding time into millions of years, allocating related species in the tree of life. As the evolution of soft tissues can hardly be studied, we have to rely on comparative embryology, supported heavily by genetic and molecular approaches. These techniques provide insight into relationships, not only between species, but also between cell populations, signaling mechanisms, molecular interactions and physical factors such as hemodynamics. Heart development depends on differentiation of a mesodermal cell population that – in more derived taxa – continues in segmentation of the first and second heart field. These fields deliver not only the cardiomyocytes, forming the three-dimensionally looping cardiac tube as a basis for the chambered heart, but also the enveloping epicardium. The synchronized beating of the heart is then organized by the conduction system. In this Review, the epicardium is introduced as an important player in cardiac differentiation, including the conduction system.
Information Provision from a Platform to Competing Sellers: The Role of Strategic Ambiguity
Authors: Avinadav Tal , Chernonog Tatyana , Shamir Noam 
Published: November 2024

Problem definition: With the rapid growth of e-commerce, platforms are able to gather large quantities of data, which can result in high-precision predictions regarding consumer purchasing patterns and future demand. A fundamental question is whether a platform has the incentives and ability to share such nonverifiable information with its sellers. Methodology/results: We show that when information is nonverifiable, sharing the precise value of the platform’s private information by means of cheap-talk cannot result in an equilibrium. This outcome is due to the incentive of the platform to portray a more favorable market condition than that predicted, in order to encourage the sellers to raise their prices and improve market efficiency. In spite of this negative result, we demonstrate that the level of incentives misalignment between the platform and its sellers is bounded; consequently, a region-forecast information-sharing equilibrium can emerge. In this equilibrium, the support of the platform’s private information is divided into several intervals, and the platform strategically chooses to report truthfully the interval containing its private information. The structure of the partition is influenced by two main factors: the incentive of the platform to reduce market uncertainty for the sellers, and the motivation of the platform to soften competition among the sellers. Although both the sellers and the platform benefit from the ability to share some level of information, such an outcome hurts the consumers. Managerial implications: This work explains the observed practice of a platform providing nonverifiable information to its sellers via cheap-talk. The main advantage of this equilibrium is the ability to share information in a costless manner; however, the amount of information that can be shared is limited and is influenced by the level of market competition between the sellers. Funding: N. Shamir gratefully acknowledges financial support from the Israel Science Foundation [Grant 2358/22] and The Henry Crown Institute of Business Research in Israel. T. Avinadav and T. Chernonog gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Israel Science Foundation [Grant 1571/20]. Supplemental Material: The electronic companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2023.0262 .
Detection, classification, and characterization of proximal humerus fractures on plain radiographs
Authors: Spek Reinier W. A. , Smith William J. , Sverdlov Marat , Broos Sebastiaan , Zhao Yang , Liao Zhibin , Verjans Johan W. , Prijs Jasper , To Minh-Son , Åberg Henrik , Chiri Wael , IJpma Frank F. A. , Jadav Bhavin , White John , Bain Gregory I. , Jutte Paul C. , van den Bekerom Michel P. J. , Jaarsma Ruurd L. , Doornberg Job N. 
Published: November 2024

AimsThe purpose of this study was to develop a convolutional neural network (CNN) for fracture detection, classification, and identification of greater tuberosity displacement ≥ 1 cm, neck-shaft angle (NSA) ≤ 100°, shaft translation, and articular fracture involvement, on plain radiographs.MethodsThe CNN was trained and tested on radiographs sourced from 11 hospitals in Australia and externally validated on radiographs from the Netherlands. Each radiograph was paired with corresponding CT scans to serve as the reference standard based on dual independent evaluation by trained researchers and attending orthopaedic surgeons. Presence of a fracture, classification (non- to minimally displaced; two-part, multipart, and glenohumeral dislocation), and four characteristics were determined on 2D and 3D CT scans and subsequently allocated to each series of radiographs. Fracture characteristics included greater tuberosity displacement ≥ 1 cm, NSA ≤ 100°, shaft translation (0% to < 75%, 75% to 95%, > 95%), and the extent of articular involvement (0% to < 15%, 15% to 35%, or > 35%).ResultsFor detection and classification, the algorithm was trained on 1,709 radiographs (n = 803), tested on 567 radiographs (n = 244), and subsequently externally validated on 535 radiographs (n = 227). For characterization, healthy shoulders and glenohumeral dislocation were excluded. The overall accuracy for fracture detection was 94% (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) = 0.98) and for classification 78% (AUC 0.68 to 0.93). Accuracy to detect greater tuberosity fracture displacement ≥ 1 cm was 35.0% (AUC 0.57). The CNN did not recognize NSAs ≤ 100° (AUC 0.42), nor fractures with ≥ 75% shaft translation (AUC 0.51 to 0.53), or with ≥ 15% articular involvement (AUC 0.48 to 0.49). For all objectives, the model’s performance on the external dataset showed similar accuracy levels.ConclusionCNNs proficiently rule out proximal humerus fractures on plain radiographs. Despite rigorous training methodology based on CT imaging with multi-rater consensus to serve as the reference standard, artificial intelligence-driven classification is insufficient for clinical implementation. The CNN exhibited poor diagnostic ability to detect greater tuberosity displacement ≥ 1 cm and failed to identify NSAs ≤ 100°, shaft translations, or articular fractures.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(11):1348–1360.
Hemiarthroplasty in young patients
Authors: Mahmud Hazimah , Wang Dong , Topan-Rat Andra , Bull Anthony M. J. , Heinrichs Christian H. , Reilly Peter , Emery Roger , Amis Andrew A. , Hansen Ulrich N. 
Published: November 2024

AimsThe survival of humeral hemiarthroplasties in patients with relatively intact glenoid cartilage could theoretically be extended by minimizing the associated postoperative glenoid erosion. Ceramic has gained attention as an alternative to metal as a material for hemiarthroplasties because of its superior tribological properties. The aim of this study was to assess the in vitro wear performance of ceramic and metal humeral hemiarthroplasties on natural glenoids.MethodsIntact right cadaveric shoulders from donors aged between 50 and 65 years were assigned to a ceramic group (n = 8, four male cadavers) and a metal group (n = 9, four male cadavers). A dedicated shoulder wear simulator was used to simulate daily activity by replicating the relevant joint motion and loading profiles. During testing, the joint was kept lubricated with diluted calf serum at room temperature. Each test of wear was performed for 500,000 cycles at 1.2 Hz. At intervals of 125,000 cycles, micro-CT scans of each glenoid were taken to characterize and quantify glenoid wear by calculating the change in the thickness of its articular cartilage.ResultsAt the completion of the wear test, the total thickness of the cartilage had significantly decreased in both the ceramic and metal groups, by 27% (p = 0.019) and 29% (p = 0.008), respectively. However, the differences between the two were not significant (p = 0.606) and the patterns of wear in the specimens were unpredictable. No significant correlation was found between cartilage wear and various factors, including age, sex, the size of the humeral head, joint mismatch, the thickness of the native cartilage, and the surface roughness (all p > 0.05).ConclusionAlthough ceramic has better tribological properties than metal, we did not find evidence that its use in hemiarthroplasty of the shoulder in patients with healthy cartilage is a better alternative than conventional metal humeral heads.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(11):1273–1283.
Understanding the role of machine learning in predicting progression of osteoarthritis
Authors: Castagno Simone , Gompels Benjamin , Strangmark Estelle , Robertson-Waters Eve , Birch Mark , van der Schaar Mihaela , McCaskie Andrew W. 
Published: November 2024

AimsMachine learning (ML), a branch of artificial intelligence that uses algorithms to learn from data and make predictions, offers a pathway towards more personalized and tailored surgical treatments. This approach is particularly relevant to prevalent joint diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA). In contrast to end-stage disease, where joint arthroplasty provides excellent results, early stages of OA currently lack effective therapies to halt or reverse progression. Accurate prediction of OA progression is crucial if timely interventions are to be developed, to enhance patient care and optimize the design of clinical trials.MethodsA systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. We searched MEDLINE and Embase on 5 May 2024 for studies utilizing ML to predict OA progression. Titles and abstracts were independently screened, followed by full-text reviews for studies that met the eligibility criteria. Key information was extracted and synthesized for analysis, including types of data (such as clinical, radiological, or biochemical), definitions of OA progression, ML algorithms, validation methods, and outcome measures.ResultsOut of 1,160 studies initially identified, 39 were included. Most studies (85%) were published between 2020 and 2024, with 82% using publicly available datasets, primarily the Osteoarthritis Initiative. ML methods were predominantly supervised, with significant variability in the definitions of OA progression: most studies focused on structural changes (59%), while fewer addressed pain progression or both. Deep learning was used in 44% of studies, while automated ML was used in 5%. There was a lack of standardization in evaluation metrics and limited external validation. Interpretability was explored in 54% of studies, primarily using SHapley Additive exPlanations.ConclusionOur systematic review demonstrates the feasibility of ML models in predicting OA progression, but also uncovers critical limitations that currently restrict their clinical applicability. Future priorities should include diversifying data sources, standardizing outcome measures, enforcing rigorous validation, and integrating more sophisticated algorithms. This paradigm shift from predictive modelling to actionable clinical tools has the potential to transform patient care and disease management in orthopaedic practice.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(11):1216–1222.