bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The bruxism construct: From cut‐off points to a continuum spectrum
Authors: Manfredini Daniele , Ahlberg Jari , Wetselaar Peter , Svensson Peter , Lobbezoo Frank 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis commentary discusses the need to move on from the adoption of cut‐off points for the definition of the presence/absence of bruxism and justifies the need to embrace an evaluation based on the continuum of jaw motor behaviours. Currently, the number of events per hour, as identified by polysomnography (PSG), is used to define the presence of sleep bruxism (SB). Whilst PSG still remains the indispensable equipment to study the neurophysiological correlates of SB, the scoring criteria based on a cut‐off point are of questionable clinical usefulness for the study of oral health outcomes. For awake bruxism (AB), criteria for a definite diagnosis have never been proposed. Some goal‐oriented strategies are proposed to identify bruxism behaviours that increase the risk of negative oral health outcomes (eg, tooth wear, muscle and/or temporomandibular joint [TMJ] pain, restorative complications). One possible strategy would embrace an improved knowledge on the epidemiology and natural variability of bruxism, even including study of the amount of PSG/SB and electromyography masticatory muscle activity (EMG/MMA) during sleep and the frequency/prevalence of bruxism behaviours during wakefulness that are needed to represent a risk factor for clinical consequences, if any. There should not be any preclusion about the diagnostic strategies to pursue that goal, and a combination of instrumental and non‐instrumental approaches may even emerge as the best available option. Once data are available, large‐scale, non‐selected population samples representing the entire continuum of EMG/MMA activities are also needed, in the attempt to estimate untreated health risks in the population.
Māori knowledge under the microscope: Appropriation and patenting of mātauranga Māori and related resources
Authors: Lai Jessica C. , Robinson Daniel F. , Stirrup Tim , Tualima Hai‐Yuean 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSince the early 1990s there has been considerable global discussion and debate surrounding biodiscovery activities and the utilisation of both genetic resources (including biochemical derivatives) and associated traditional/Indigenous knowledge (TK/IK). Concerns about misappropriations and biopiracy have often been raised; however it has been difficult to quantify the scale of this problem beyond some common examples and anecdotes. This paper contributes to emerging research in this area (e.g., see Oldham et al. 2013, PLOS One, 8, e78737; and Robinson and Raven, 2017, Aust Geogr, 48, 311) and seeks to quantify patent utilisation of specific GRs where there is documented TK. A patent landscaping approach was undertaken with a focus on plants with associated mātaraunga Māori (Māori knowledge) from Aotearoa New Zealand. We explain our methodology and highlight 77 patent families of interest identified through our search. Although the findings are not definitive about misappropriation without additional analysis of the patents’ specifications and claims, and sources of mātauranga Māori, the data we outline may be useful for drawing out cases of misappropriation and biopiracy. These findings might also be useful for considering the potential implications of these for Māori claims under the Waitangi Tribunal Wai 262, potential access and benefit‐sharing (ABS) systems, and intellectual property regulations or reforms.
Massive postglacial gene flow between European white oaks uncovered genes underlying species barriers
Authors: Leroy Thibault , Rougemont Quentin , Dupouey Jean‐Luc , Bodénès Catherine , Lalanne Céline , Belser Caroline , Labadie Karine , Le Provost Grégoire , Aury Jean‐Marc , Kremer Antoine , Plomion Christophe 
Published: July 2019

Summary

Oaks are dominant forest tree species widely distributed across the Northern Hemisphere, where they constitute natural resources of economic, ecological, social and historical value. Hybridisation and adaptive introgression have long been thought to be major drivers of their ecological success. Therefore, the maintenance of species barriers remains a key question, given the extent of interspecific gene flow.

In this study, we made use of the tremendous genetic variation among four European white oak species (31 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)) to infer the evolutionary history of these species, study patterns of genetic differentiation and identify reproductive barriers.

We first analysed the ecological and historical relationships among these species and inferred a long‐term strict isolation followed by a recent and extensive postglacial contact using approximate Bayesian computation. Assuming this demographic scenario, we then performed backward simulations to generate the expected distributions of differentiation under neutrality to scan their genomes for reproductive barriers. We finally identified important intrinsic and ecological functions driving the reproductive isolation.

We discussed the importance of identifying the genetic basis for the ecological preferences between these oak species and its implications for the renewal of European forests under global warming.
Perceived Body Distortion Rather Than Actual Body Distortion Is Associated With Chronic Low Back Pain in Adults With Cerebral Palsy: A Preliminary Investigation
Authors: Yamashita Hirofumi , Nishigami Tomohiko , Mibu Akira , Tanaka Katsuyoshi , Manfuku Masahiro , Fukuhara Hikaru , Yoshino Koichi , Seto Yoichi , Wand Benedict M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to investigate whether distorted body perception is a feature of the low back pain (LBP) experience in people with cerebral palsy (CP) and whether any distortions noted are confounded by the presence of motor and postural impairments commonly seen in CP.MethodsForty‐five individuals participated in this study: 15 adults with CP with LBP (CP_Pain group), 15 adults with CP without LBP (CP_noPain group), and 15 age‐matched adults with LBP but no CP (Pain group). Body perception was evaluated using the Fremantle Back Awareness Questionnaire (FreBAQ) and by assessing 2‐point discrimination thresholds over the low back. A comprehensive assessment of motor function was also undertaken in the CP population, and postural function was assessed in all 3 groups.ResultsSignificant differences between the 3 groups were found for FreBAQ scores (P < 0.0001). The TPD threshold in the low back of the CP_Pain group was significantly larger than that of the CP_noPain group (P = 0.01), though we found no difference between the CP_noPain group and the Pain group (P = 0.21). We found no difference in motor or postural function between the 2 CP groups.DiscussionThe present results suggest that body image is disrupted in people with CP who experience LBP. The disruptions in perception were similar to those seen in people with LBP and no CP, suggesting that the distortions may be more related to the presence of pain than the presence of CP.
Clinical presentation and outcome in congenital pulmonary malformation: 25 year retrospective study in Thailand
Authors: Maneenil Gunlawadee , Ruangnapa Kanokpan , Thatrimontrichai Anucha , Janjindamai Waricha , Dissaneevate Supaporn , Anantaseree Wanaporn , Suntornlohanakul Somchai 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundCongenital pulmonary malformations (CPM) are a group of rare abnormal lung development lesions that can have various presentations. The aim of this study was to define the differences in the clinical presentations of CPM in neonates, infants, and children, and to review the outcomes.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in southern Thailand between 1992 and 2016.ResultsFifty‐four patients were diagnosed with CPM, and the median age at onset was 1.7 months (IQR, 0.03–10 months). There were 33 cases (61.1%) of congenital pulmonary airway malformations, two (3.7%) of bronchogenic cyst, eight of (14.8%) congenital lobar emphysema, seven of (13.0%) pulmonary sequestrations, and four of (7.4%) congenital lung cysts. Twenty patients under 1 month old and 16 patients who were 1–12 months old had symptoms of respiratory distress. In contrast, 13 patients >1 year old had symptoms of pulmonary infection. There were significant differences in the numbers of patients who had cyanosis (P = 0.006), cough (P < 0.001), and fever (P < 0.001) between the three age groups. Thirty‐eight patients (70%) required surgical treatment involving lobectomy (78.9%). Median follow‐up duration was 28.1 months (IQR, 3.7–9.4 months). Nine of 10 patients had abnormal lung function tests, and 80.6% of patients had no subsequent limitations in physical activities.ConclusionsRespiratory distress is the important clinical feature in neonates and infants, whereas the signs of pulmonary infection usually occur in children >1 year old. Good outcomes usually occur after surgery but need long‐term follow up including lung function assessment.
Interactions of age of acquisition and lexical frequency effects with phonological regularity: An ERP study
Authors: Yum Yen Na , Law Sam‐Po 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAcross languages, lexical frequency and age of acquisition (AoA) are important predictors of word reading that are naturally correlated, and both variables have been shown to interact with phonological regularity. Previous behavioral findings in Chinese have shown stronger regularity effects in low frequency relative to high frequency characters. Meanwhile, the arbitrary mapping hypothesis predicts stronger interference effects in late‐acquired irregular words. This study examined the neural bases of these phenomena in Chinese using a delayed naming task with 480 single characters. Single‐trial ERP analyses were conducted to contrast the interactions of frequency or AoA effects with phonological regularity, while controlling for the other factor. Results showed differential and significant effects of AoA and frequency at the N400 and late positive component (LPC), respectively, indicating their independence. ERP interaction patterns of frequency and regularity in Chinese were observed for the first time in the LPC time window and suggested semantic interference from sublexical units during character reading. Interaction of AoA and regularity at the N400 could be explained by the semantic hypothesis but appeared inconsistent with the arbitrary mapping hypothesis.
Dirty hands on troubled waters: Sanitation, access to water and child health in Ethiopia
Authors: Manalew Wondimu S. , Tennekoon Vidhura S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the impact of access to drinking water sources and sanitation facilities on the incidence of diarrheal diseases among children below 5 years of age in Ethiopia using the propensity score matching technique with a polychotomous treatment variable. We find that among the water sources traditionally considered as improved, only water piped into dwelling, yard or plot leads to a large percentage point reduction in diarrhea incidence. The other water sources, generally believed as clean, are not effective in reducing diarrhea even compared with some of the unimproved water sources. We also find that some unimproved water sources and sanitation facilities are less inferior than they are believed to be. These results suggest that the traditional way of categorizing different types of improved and unimproved water sources and sanitation facilities into a dichotomous variable, “improved” or “unimproved”, could be misleading as it masks the heterogeneous effects of the water sources and the sanitation facilities.
Adjusting Trial Results for Biases in Meta-Analysis: Combining Data-Based Evidence on Bias With Detailed Trial Assessment
Authors: Rhodes K. M. , Savović J. , Elbers R. , Jones H. E. , Higgins J. P. T. , Sterne J. A. C. , Welton N. J. , Turner R. M. 
Published: July 2019

SummaryFlaws in the conduct of randomized trials can lead to biased estimation of the intervention effect. Methods for adjustment of within-trial biases in meta-analysis include the use of empirical evidence from an external collection of meta-analyses, and the use of expert opinion informed by the assessment of detailed trial information. Our aim is to present methods to combine these two approaches to gain the advantages of both. We make use of the risk of bias information that is routinely available in Cochrane reviews, by obtaining empirical distributions for the bias associated with particular bias profiles (combinations of risk of bias judgements). We propose three methods: a formal combination of empirical evidence and opinion in a Bayesian analysis; asking experts to give an opinion on bias informed by both summary trial information and a bias distribution from the empirical evidence, either numerically or by selecting areas of the empirical distribution. The methods are demonstrated through application to two example binary outcome meta-analyses. Bias distributions based on opinion informed by trial information alone were most dispersed on average, and those based on opinions obtained by selecting areas of the empirical distribution were narrowest. Although the three methods for combining empirical evidence with opinion vary in ease and speed of implementation, they yielded similar results in the two examples.
Characterisation of microvascular abnormalities using OCT angiography in patients with biallelic variants in USH2A and MYO7A
Authors: Hagag Ahmed M , Mitsios Andreas , Gill Jasdeep S , Nunez Do Rio Joan M , Theofylaktopoulos Vasileios , Houston Sarah , Webster Andrew R , Dubis Adam M , Moosajee Mariya 
Published: July 2019

AimsUsing optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) to characterise microvascular changes in the retinal plexuses and choriocapillaris (CC) of patients with MYO7A and USH2A mutations and correlate with genotype, retinal structure and function.MethodsTwenty-seven patients with molecularly confirmed USH2A (n=21) and MYO7A (n=6) mutations underwent macular 6×6 mm OCTA using the AngioVue. Heidelberg spectral-domain OCT scans and MAIA microperimetry were also performed, the preserved ellipsoid zone (EZ) band width and mean macular sensitivity (MS) were recorded. OCTA of the inner retina, superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP) and CC were analysed. Vessel density (VD) was calculated from the en face OCT angiograms of retinal circulation.ResultsForty-eight eyes with either USH2A (n=37, mean age: 34.4±12.2 years) or MYO7A (n=11, mean age: 37.1±12.4 years), and 35 eyes from 18 age-matched healthy participants were included. VD was significantly decreased in the retinal circulation of patients with USH2A and MYO7A mutations compared with controls (p<0.001). Changes were observed in both the SCP and DCP, but no differences in retinal perfusion were detected between USH2A and MYO7A groups. No vascular defects were detected in CC of the USH2A group, but peripheral defects were detected in older MYO7A patients from the fourth decade of life. VD in the DCP showed strong association with MS and EZ width (Spearman’s rho =0.64 and 0.59, respectively, p<0.001).ConclusionOCTA was able to detect similar retinal microvascular changes in patients with USH2A and MYO7A mutations. The CC was generally affected in MYO7A mutations. OCT angiography may further enhance our understanding of inherited eye diseases and their phenotype-genotype associations.
Is enrolment in the national health insurance scheme in Ghana pro-poor? Evidence from the Ghana Living Standards Survey
Authors: Nsiah-Boateng Eric , Prah Ruger Jennifer , Nonvignon Justice 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesThis article examines equity in enrolment in the Ghana National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) to inform policy decisions on progress towards realisation of universal health coverage (UHC).DesignSecondary analysis of data from the sixth round of the Ghana Living Standards Survey (GLSS 6).SettingHousehold based.ParticipantsA total of 16 774 household heads participated in the GLSS 6 which was conducted between 18 October 2012 and 17 October 2013.AnalysisEquity in enrolment was assessed using concentration curves and bivariate and multivariate analyses to determine associated factors.Main outcome measureEquity in NHIS enrolment.ResultsSurvey participants had a mean age of 46 years and mean household size of four persons. About 71% of households interviewed had at least one person enrolled in the NHIS. Households in the poorest wealth quintile (73%) had enrolled significantly (p<0.001) more than those in the richest quintile (67%). The concentration curves further showed that enrolment was slightly disproportionally concentrated among poor households, particularly those headed by males. However, multivariate logistic analyses showed that the likelihood of NHIS enrolment increased from poorer to richest quintile, low to high level of education and young adults to older adults. Other factors including sex, household size, household setting and geographic region were significantly associated with enrolment.ConclusionsFrom 2012 to 2013, enrolment in the NHIS was higher among poor households, particularly male-headed households, although multivariate analyses demonstrated that the likelihood of NHIS enrolment increased from poorer to richest quintile and from low to high level of education. Policy-makers need to ensure equity within and across gender as they strive to achieve UHC.
Monitoring epidemiological trends in back to school asthma among preschool and school-aged children using real-time syndromic surveillance in England, 2012–2016
Authors: Bundle Nick , Verlander Neville Q , Morbey Roger , Edeghere Obaghe , Balasegaram Sooria , de Lusignan Simon , Smith Gillian , Elliot Alex J 
Published: July 2019

Background Back to school (BTS) asthma has been previously reported in children; however, its epidemiology and associated healthcare burden are unclear. We aimed to describe the timing and magnitude of BTS asthma using surveillance data from different health services in England.Methods Asthma morbidity data from emergency department attendances and general practitioner (GP) consultations between April 2012 and December 2016 were used from national syndromic surveillance systems in England. Age-specific and sex-specific rates and time series of asthma peaks relative to school term dates were described. The timing of a BTS excess period and adjusted rates of asthma relative to a baseline period were estimated using cumulative sum control chart plots and negative binomial regression.Results BTS asthma among children aged below 15 years was most pronounced at the start of the school year in September. This effect was not present among those aged 15 years and above. After controlling for sex and study year, the adjusted daily rate of childhood GP in-hours asthma consultations was 2.5–3 times higher in the BTS excess period, with a significantly higher effect among children aged 0–4 years. A distinct age-specific pattern of sex differences in asthma presentations was present, with a higher burden among males in children and among females aged over 15 years.ConclusionWe found evidence of a BTS asthma peak in children using surveillance data across a range of healthcare systems, supporting the need for further preventative work to reduce the impact of BTS asthma in children.
Opioid-related diagnoses and HIV, HCV and mental disorders: using Pennsylvania hospitalisation data to assess community-level relationships over space and time
Authors: Sumetsky Natalie , Burke Jessica G , Mair Christina 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundWe assessed the community-level spatiotemporal connexions between hospitalisations for common opioid comorbidities (HIV, hepatitis C (HCV) and mental disorders) and opioid-related hospitalisations in the current and previous year.MethodsWe used Bayesian hierarchical spatiotemporal Poisson regression with conditionally autoregressive spatial effects to assess counts of HCV-related, HIV-related and mental disorder–related hospitalisations at the ZIP code level from 2004 to 2014 in Pennsylvania. Models included rates of current-year and previous-year opioid-related hospitalisations as well as covariates measuring demographic and environmental characteristics.ResultsAfter adjusting for measures of demographic and environmental characteristics, current-year and previous-year opioid-related hospitalisations were associated with higher risk of HCV, HIV and mental disorders. The relative risks and 95% credible intervals for previous-year opioid-related hospitalisations were 1.092 (1.078 to 1.106) for HCV, 1.098 (1.068 to 1.126) for HIV and 1.020 (1.013 to 1.027) for mental disorders.ConclusionPrevious-year opioid-related hospitalisations are connected to common comorbid conditions such as HCV, HIV and mental disorders, illustrating some of the broader health-related impacts of the opioid epidemic. Public health interventions focused on the opioid epidemic must consider individual community needs and comorbid diagnoses.
Recursive functions and existentially closed structures
Authors: Jeřábek Emil 
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the relationship between various conditions implying essential undecidability: our main result is that there exists a theory [Formula: see text] in which all partially recursive functions are representable, yet [Formula: see text] does not interpret Robinson’s theory [Formula: see text]. To this end, we borrow tools from model theory — specifically, we investigate model-theoretic properties of the model completion of the empty theory in a language with function symbols. We obtain a certain characterization of [Formula: see text] theories interpretable in existential theories in the process.