bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whistler Waves' Propagation in Plasmas With Systems of Small‐Scale Density Irregularities: Numerical Simulations and Theory
Authors: Zudin I. Yu. , Zaboronkova T. M. , Gushchin M. E. , Aidakina N. A. , Korobkov S. V. , Krafft C. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe propagation of whistler waves in a magnetized plasma containing multiple small‐scale (100 m to 1 km) field‐aligned irregularities of enhanced electron density is considered analytically and by means of numerical simulations. Such systems of irregularities can develop in the upper ionosphere during the generation of density ducts by high‐frequency heating facilities and other types of active experiments. The simulation parameters are close to those of an active experiment where a whistler wave of 18 kHz emitted by a ground‐based very low frequency (VLF) transmitter was received onboard the DEMETER satellite at 700 km above the SURA heater. The study reveals a number of remarkable properties of the VLF waves' propagation, including the existence of specific waveguide modes of the small‐scale density structures and of a characteristic transverse size d0 of the irregularities. Irregularities with small density enhancements around 10–20% and transverse sizes larger than d0∼1 km can serve as separate waveguides for VLF waves. In their turn, single irregularities narrower than d0 cannot be considered as individual ducting structures. Numerical simulations show that, for the analysis of the electromagnetic whistlers' propagation, a system of closely spaced irregularities with scales narrower than d0 can be modeled by an equivalent ducting structure with a smoothed density profile. Such equivalent structure has the same ducting properties for whistlers and can be produced by averaging with a sliding window of a scale about d0 the original density distribution.
Embedded Kinetic Simulation of Ganymede's Magnetosphere: Improvements and Inferences
Authors: Zhou Hongyang , Tóth Gábor , Jia Xianzhe , Chen Yuxi , Markidis Stefano 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe largest moon in the solar system, Ganymede, is also the only moon known to possess a strong intrinsic magnetic field and a corresponding magnetosphere. Using the new version of Hall magnetohydrodynamic with embedded particle‐in‐cell model with a self‐consistently coupled resistive body representing the electrical properties of the moon's interior, improved inner boundary conditions, and the flexibility of coupling different grid geometries, we achieve better match of magnetic field with measurements for all six Galileo flybys. The G2 flyby comparisons of plasma bulk flow velocities with the Galileo Plasma Subsystem data support the oxygen ion assumption inside Ganymede's magnetosphere. Crescent shape, nongyrotropic, and nonisotropic ion distributions are identified from the coupled model. Furthermore, we have derived the energy fluxes associated with the upstream magnetopause reconnection of ∼10−7W/cm2 based on our model results and found a maximum of 40% contribution to the total peak auroral emissions.
Extracting Inner‐Heliosphere Solar Wind Speed Information From Heliospheric Imager Observations
Authors: Barnard L. A. , Owens M. J. , Scott C. J. , Jones S. R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe present evidence that variability in the STEREO‐A Heliospheric Imager (HI) data is correlated with in situ solar wind speed estimates from WIND, STEREO‐A, and STEREO‐B. For 2008–2012, we compute the variability in HI differenced images in a plane‐of‐sky shell between 20 to 22.5 solar radii and, for a range of position angles, compare daily means of HI variability and in situ solar wind speed estimates. We show that the HI variability data and in situ solar wind speeds have similar temporal autocorrelation functions. Carrington rotation periodicities are well documented for in situ solar wind speeds, but, to our knowledge, this is the first time they have been presented in statistics computed from HI images. In situ solar wind speeds from STEREO‐A, STEREO‐B, and WIND are all are correlated with the HI variability, with a lag that varies in a manner consistent with the longitudinal separation of the in situ monitor and the HI instrument. Unlike many approaches to processing HI observations, our method requires no manual feature tracking; it is automated, is quick to compute, and does not suffer the subjective biases associated with manual classifications. These results suggest we could possibly estimate solar wind speeds in the low heliosphere directly from HI observations. This motivates further investigation, as this could be a significant asset to the space weather forecasting community; it might provide an independent observational constraint on heliospheric solar wind forecasts, through, for example, data assimilation. Finally, these results are another argument for the potential utility of including a HI on an operational space weather mission.
What students do when encountering failure in collaborative tasks
Authors: Lam Rachel 
Published: May 2019

AbstractExperiences of failure can provide valuable opportunities to learn, however, the typical classroom does not tend to function from an orientation of learning from failure. Rather, educators aim to teach accurate information as efficiently as possible, with the main goal for students to be able to produce correct knowledge when called for, in the classroom and beyond. Alternatively, teaching for failure requires instructional designs that function out of a different paradigm altogether. Failures can occur during activities like problem solving, problem posing, idea generation, comparing/contrasting cases, or inventing formalisms or pattern-based rules. We present findings from a study done in fourth-grade classes on environmental sustainability that used a design allowing for failures to occur during collaboration. These center on dialogs that included “micro-failures,” where we could address how students deal with failure during the process of learning. Our design drew from “productive failure,” where students are given opportunities to fail at producing canonical concepts before receiving explicit instruction, and unscripted collaborative learning, where students engage in collaboration without being directed in specific dialogic moves. By focusing on failures during an unscripted collaborative process, our work achieved two goals: (1) We singled out occurrences of failure by analyzing students’ dialogs when they encountered impasses and identified several behaviors that differentially related to learning; (2) We explored how the form of task design influences the collaborative learning process around failure occurrences, showing the potential benefits of more structured tasks.
Altered functional connectivity associated with time discounting in chronic pain
Authors: Wakaizumi Kenta , Jabakhanji Rami , Ihara Naho , Kosugi Shizuko , Terasawa Yuri , Morisaki Hiroshi , Ogaki Masao , Baliki Marwan N. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractChronic pain (CP) is a global problem extensively associated with an unhealthy lifestyle. Time discounting (TD), a tendency to assign less value to future gains than to present gains, is an indicator of the unhealthy behaviors. While, recent neuroimaging studies implied overlapping neuro mechanisms underlying CP and TD, little is known about the specific relationship between CP and TD in behavior or neuroscience. As such, we investigated the association of TD with behavioral measures in CP and resting-state brain functional network in both CP patients and healthy subjects. Behaviorally, TD showed a significant correlation with meaningfulness in healthy subjects, whereas TD in patients only correlated with pain intensity. We identified a specific network including medial and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) in default mode network (DMN) associated with TD in healthy subjects that showed significant indirect mediation effect of meaningfulness on TD. In contrast, TD in patients was correlated with functional connectivity between dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC) and temporal lobe that mediated the effect of pain intensity on TD in patients. These results imply that TD is modulated by pain intensity in CP patients, and the brain function associated to TD is shifted from a medial to lateral representation within the frontal regions.
Elemental and Mineralogical Composition of the Western Andean Snow (18°S–41°S)
Authors: Alfonso Juan A. , Cordero Raul R. , Rowe Penny M. , Neshyba Steven , Casassa Gino , Carrasco Jorge , MacDonell Shelley , Lambert Fabrice , Pizarro Jaime , Fernandoy Francisco , Feron Sarah , Damiani Alessandro , Llanillo Pedro , Sepulveda Edgardo , Jorquera Jose , Garcia Belkis , Carrera Juan M. , Oyola Pedro , Kang Choong-Min 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe snowpack is an important source of water for many Andean communities. Because of its importance, elemental and mineralogical composition analysis of the Andean snow is a worthwhile effort. In this study, we conducted a chemical composition analysis (major and trace elements, mineralogy, and chemical enrichment) of surface snow sampled at 21 sites across a transect of about 2,500 km in the Chilean Andes (18–41°S). Our results enabled us to identify five depositional environments: (i) sites 1–3 (in the Atacama Desert, 18–26°S) with relatively high concentrations of metals, high abundance of quartz and low presence of arsenates, (ii) sites 4–8 (in northern Chile, 29–32°S) with relatively high abundance of quartz and low presence of metals and arsenates, (iii) sites 9–12 (in central Chile, 33–35°S) with anthropogenic enrichment of metals, relatively high values of quartz and low abundance of arsenates, (iv) sites 13–14 (also in central Chile, 35–37°S) with relatively high values of quartz and low presence of metals and arsenates, and v) sites 15–21 (in southern Chile, 37–41°S) with relatively high abundance of arsenates and low presence of metals and quartz. We found significant anthropogenic enrichment at sites close to Santiago (a major city of 6 million inhabitants) and in the Atacama Desert (that hosts several major copper mines).
Vaginal lactobacilli inhibit growth and hyphae formation of Candida albicans
Authors: Jang Sung Jae , Lee Kyeongju , Kwon Bomi , You Hyun Ju , Ko GwangPyo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLactobacillus species are the predominant vaginal microbiota found in healthy women of reproductive age and help to prevent pathogen infection by producing lactic acid, H2O2 and anti-microbial compounds. Identification of novel vaginal Lactobacillus isolates that exhibit efficient colonisation and secrete anti-Candida factors is a promising strategy to prevent vulvovaginal candidiasis. The azole antifungal agents used to treat vulvovaginal candidiasis elicit adverse effects such as allergic responses and exhibit drug interactions. Candida strains with resistance to antifungal treatments are often reported. In this study, we isolated Lactobacillus species from healthy Korean women and investigated their antifungal effects against C. albicans in vitro and in vivo. Lactobacillus conditioned supernatant (LCS) of L. crispatus and L. fermentum inhibited C. albicans growth in vitro. A Lactobacillus-derived compound, which was not affected by proteolytic enzyme digestion and heat inactivation, inhibited growth and hyphal induction of C. albicans after adjustment to neutral pH. Combination treatment with neutral LCSs of L. crispatus and L. fermentum effectively inhibited propagation of C. albicans in a murine in vivo model of vulvovaginal candidiasis.
Extremely low neonicotinoid doses alter navigation of pest insects along pheromone plumes
Authors: Navarro-Roldán Miguel A. , Amat Carles , Bau Josep , Gemeno César 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe prevailing use of neonicotinoids in pest control has adverse effects on non-target organisms, like honeybees. However, relatively few studies have explored the effect of sublethal neonicotinoid levels on olfactory responses of pest insects, and thus their potential impact on semiochemical surveillance and control methods, such as monitoring or mating disruption. We recently reported that sublethal doses of the neonicotinoid thiacloprid (TIA) had dramatic effects on sex pheromone release in three tortricid moth species. We present now effects of TIA on pheromone detection and, for the first time, navigational responses of pest insects to pheromone sources. TIA delayed and reduced the percentage of males responding in the wind tunnel without analogous alteration of electrophysiological antennal responses. During navigation along an odor plume, treated males exhibited markedly slower flights and, in general, described narrower flight tracks, with an increased susceptibility to wind-induced drift. All these effects increased in a dose-dependent manner starting at LC0.001 - which would kill just 10 out of 106 individuals - and revealed an especially pronounced sensitivity in one of the species, Grapholita molesta. Our results suggest that minimal neonicotinoid quantities alter chemical communication, and thus could affect the efficacy of semiochemical pest management methods.
Differential binding cell-SELEX method to identify cell-specific aptamers using high-throughput sequencing
Authors: Pleiko Karlis , Saulite Liga , Parfejevs Vadims , Miculis Karlis , Vjaters Egils , Riekstina Una 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAptamers have in recent years emerged as a viable alternative to antibodies. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) has revolutionized aptamer research by increasing the number of reads from a few (using Sanger sequencing) to millions (using an HTS approach). Despite the availability and advantages of HTS compared to Sanger sequencing, there are only 50 aptamer HTS sequencing samples available on public databases. HTS data in aptamer research are primarily used to compare sequence enrichment between subsequent selection cycles. This approach does not take full advantage of HTS because the enrichment of sequences during selection can be due to inefficient negative selection when using live cells. Here, we present a differential binding cell-SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) workflow that adapts theFASTAptamertoolbox and bioinformatics tooledgeR, which are primarily used for functional genomics, to achieve more informative metrics about the selection process. We propose a fast and practical high-throughput aptamer identification method to be used with the cell-SELEX technique to increase the aptamer selection rate against live cells. The feasibility of our approach is demonstrated by performing aptamer selection against a clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) RCC-MF cell line using the RC-124 cell line from healthy kidney tissue for negative selection.
Rapid and Safe Isolation of Human Peripheral Blood B and T Lymphocytes through Spiral Microfluidic Channels
Authors: Chiu Po-Lin , Chang Chun-Hao , Lin Yu-Ling , Tsou Ping-Hsien , Li Bor-Ran 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPeripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) are mature lymphocytes that circulate in the blood rather than being localized to organs. A reliable label-free collection approach that can viably and appropriately isolate PBLs to establish in vitro culture systems is crucial for basic research and clinical requirements. However, isolation of PBLs from whole blood is difficult, and so the development of a rapid and safe method to perform this task is required. Microfluidic technology offers opportunities that challenge the performance of macroscale methods. In this study, we proposed a simple spiral microfluidic chip for efficient and high-throughput isolation of lymphocytes from a sample with prelysed RBCs. This spiral microfluidic platform does not rely on antibodies or biological markers for labeling cells of interest while isolating lymphocytes but rather enriches B and T lymphocytes through the different physical properties that are intrinsic to lymphocytes and other blood cells. The device was used to achieve high-throughput (~1.3 × 105 cells/min) separation of lymphocytes with high viability (>95%). Compared with previous approaches, our device provided rapid, label-free, high-throughput, and safe lymphocyte separation.
Self‐packaged grounded suspended coplanar waveguide structure
Authors: Xiao Jian‐Kang , Yang Li 
Published: May 2019

In this Letter, a novel self‐packaged grounded suspended coplanar waveguide (GSCPW) structure is proposed by using the common multi‐layer PCB techniques, which eliminates the drawbacks of bulky circuit size, heavy weight and difficult to be integrated as that of the traditional suspended circuits with mechanical mounting. Both self‐packaging and end connection are used to reduce the wave leakage, and the multiple via holes are saved, which greatly reduce the simulation time and the fabrication complexity. The proposed GSCPW structure has been fabricated, and has been demonstrated by experimental results with a measured insertion loss of no more than 0.45 dB, and a measured return loss of better than 20 dB from dc to 4 GHz.
Distribution of red clump stars does not support the X-shaped Galactic bulge
Authors: López-Corredoira M. , Lee Y.-W. , Garzón F. , Lim D. 
Published: May 2019

Context. Claims of an X-shaped Galactic bulge were based on the assumption of red clump stars as standard candles in some lines of sight crossing the off-plane bulge. However, some doubts have been cast on whether the two peaks in star counts along the line of sight really represent a double peak in the density distribution, or whether there is something wrong with the assumption of a unique constant absolute magnitude for all of these stars.
Aims. With the advent of Gaia-DR2 parallaxes in combination with near-infrared VISTA-VVV data, we are able to check which of the hypotheses is correct.
Methods. We calculated the median absolute magnitude MK corresponding to both peaks of putative red clumps in seven lines of sight with the lowest extinction in the interesting coordinates’ range.
Results. The difference between the absolute magnitude of the bright and the faint peak is ΔMK ≈ 0.4. The selected stars in both peaks cannot be represented by the same red clump giants with constant MK ≈ −1.6.
Conclusions. The hypothesis that the bulge contains an X-shape is based on the assumption that the faint and bright peaks of the density distribution towards the bulge are dominated by standard red clump stars. However, we show that both the faint and bright peaks cannot be dominated by standard red clump stars simultaneously.
Bewegung im Kindes- und Jugendalter – zwischen Effekten und Empfehlungen
Authors: Graf Christine , Ferrari Nina 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungDer Nutzen von körperlicher Aktivität bzw. einer Reduktion von vermeidbarer Sitzzeit ist im Kindes- und Jugendalter unbestritten. So ist insbesondere ab dem Grundschulalter belegt, dass ein aktiver Lebensstil mit einer Senkung kardiometabolischer Risikofaktoren, einer Verbesserung der muskuloskeletalen Gesundheit sowie einem Benefit für die kognitive und psychosoziale Entwicklung assoziiert ist. Generell gilt, je mehr Bewegung desto höher der gesundheitliche Nutzen. Ab dem Kindergartenalter sollten mindestens 180, ab Grundschulalter mindestens 90 min Bewegungszeit pro Tag erreicht werden. Vermeidbare Sitzzeiten, insbesondere die Nutzung von Bildschirmmedien, sollen dagegen auf ein Minimum reduziert werden. Allerdings zeigt sich weltweit, auch in Deutschland, ein zunehmender Rückgang der Bewegungszeit und eine Zunahme des Konsums audiovisueller Medien. Damit verbunden ist eine Verschlechterung der körperlichen Leistungsfähigkeit. Dies wiederum korreliert invers mit ausgewählten gesundheitlichen Parametern wie beispielsweise dem Body-Mass-Index (BMI), Blutdruck und/oder Lipiden. Bislang gibt es keinen Goldstandard wie dieser Negativspirale begegnet werden kann. Verhältnispräventive Ansätze gelten aktuell am erfolgversprechendsten, brauchen aber für eine konsequente Umsetzung den entsprechenden politischen Willen.
Elbow Dislocation with Ipsilateral Radial Shaft Fracture – A Case Report
Authors: Aita Marcio Aurelio , Oliveira Ricardo Kaempf de , Praetzel Rafael Pêgas , Towata Fernando , Delgado Pedro Jose , Marques Fabiano da Silva 
Published: May 2019

Background Posterior dislocation of the elbow associated to a radial shaft fracture is a rare lesion, its treatment is difficult and complicated, and the indications, surgical options, and timing of surgery may vary. In the present case, we performed immediately after the trauma (urgent care) an open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) surgery of the radial fracture by means of a 3.5 mm locking plate, associated to closed elbow reduction and stabilization with dynamic bracing.
Case Report A 26-year-old woman was seen in our service with a traumatic deformity of her right, dominant forearm and elbow after a fall from a balance board and presented with a radial shaft fracture and posterior elbow dislocation. The palmar approach was used and the shaft fracture was fixated. During the radial fracture reduction maneuver, the dislocation of the elbow was spontaneously reduced. At 1 year postoperatively, the patient showed good wrist, forearm, and elbow range of motion (ROM). Disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) score of 5, visual analogue scale (VAS) of 0, and grip strength of 92%, as compared with the nonaffected side.
Clinical Relevance Nowadays, case reports of concomitant, ipsilateral multiple injuries that uncommonly occur together in a single traumatic episode are very rare. The awareness of this association for early recognition is of paramount significance for ideal clinical results.
A neural network protocol for electronic excitations of
N
-methylacetamide
Authors: Ye Sheng , Hu Wei , Li Xin , Zhang Jinxiao , Zhong Kai , Zhang Guozhen , Luo Yi , Mukamel Shaul , Jiang Jun 
Published: May 2019

Significance
UV absorption spectroscopy is an effective technique for characterizing protein structure. However its theoretical interpretation requires expensive first-principles simulations. We employ a neural network strategy to predict UV electronic spectra of peptide bonds. The protocol establishes structure–property relations and predicts ground-state dipole moments, as well as transition dipole moments. We establish machine learning as a useful spectroscopy simulation tool.
Segregation through the multiscalar lens
Authors: Olteanu Madalina , Randon-Furling Julien , Clark William A. V. 
Published: May 2019

Significance
We develop a method of measuring segregation which captures the multidimensional nature of mixing in metropolitan areas. The use of trajectory convergence analysis provides a flexible way for capturing change across all scales from small spatial units and how the rate of convergence to the citywide average modifies over space. Thus, the method provides an analysis of how far, in spatial terms, any individual or neighborhood is from the citywide multigroup distribution. We use this method to investigate ethnic mixing in the Southern California metropolitan region. The results illustrate excellent visual measures of the patterns of mixing across urban space, and the graphical trajectories reveal the spatial speed at which the process of convergence takes place.
Health and safety considerations.
Authors: Widodo P. , Nur F. , Nafisah E. , Forster B. P. , Hasibuan H. A. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Bunch and oil analysis involves activities in the field and the laboratory. All field and laboratory operations should adhere to standard health and safety protocols. These may vary according to local requirements and standards. Some equipment will also come with instructions on proper use, which may involve training, including health and safety issues. Failure to abide by these can result in accidents and personal injury (serious and minor); neglect of health and safety issues may also incur penalties such as fines or cessation of field and laboratory activities. Guidelines in health and safety issues relating to bunch sampling in oil palm are given below.