bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maintaining arm control during self-triggered and unpredictable unloading perturbations
Authors: Reschechtko Sasha , Johansson Anders S. , Pruszynski J. Andrew 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe often perform actions where we must break through some resistive force, but want to remain in control during this unpredictable transition; for example, when an object we are pushing on transitions from static to dynamic friction and begins to move. We designed a laboratory task to replicate this situation in which participants actively pushed against a robotic manipulandum until they exceeded an unpredictable threshold, at which point the manipulandum moved freely. Human participants were instructed to either stop the movement of the handle following this unloading perturbation, or to continue pushing. We found that participants were able to modulate their reflexes in response to this unpredictable and self-triggered unloading perturbation according to the instruction they were following, and that this reflex modulation could not be explained by pre-perturbation muscle state. However, in a second task, where participants reactively produced force during the pre-unloading phase in response to the robotic manipulandum to maintain a set hand position, they were unable to modulate their reflexes in the same task-dependent way. This occurred even though the forces they produced were matched to the first task and they had more time to prepare for the unloading event. We suggest this disparity occurs because of different neural circuits involved in posture and movement, meaning that participants in the first task did not require additional time to switch from postural to movement control.
SMAUG: Analyzing single-molecule tracks with nonparametric Bayesian statistics
Authors: Karslake J.D. , Donarski E.D. , Shelby S.A. , Demey L.M. , DiRita V.J. , Veatch S.L. , Biteen J.S. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSingle-molecule fluorescence microscopy probes nanoscale, subcellular biology in real time. Existing methods for analyzing single-particle tracking data provide dynamical information, but can suffer from supervisory biases and high uncertainties. Here, we introduce a new approach to analyzing single-molecule trajectories: the Single-Molecule Analysis by Unsupervised Gibbs sampling (SMAUG) algorithm, which uses nonparametric Bayesian statistics to uncover the whole range of information contained within a single-particle trajectory (SPT) dataset. Even in complex systems where multiple biological states lead to a number of observed mobility states, SMAUG provides the number of mobility states, the average diffusion coefficient of single molecules in that state, the fraction of single molecules in that state, the localization noise, and the probability of transitioning between two different states. In this paper, we provide the theoretical background for the SMAUG analysis and then we validate the method using realistic simulations of SPT datasets as well as experiments on a controlled in vitro system. Finally, we demonstrate SMAUG on real experimental systems in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes to measure the motions of the regulatory protein TcpP in Vibrio cholerae and the dynamics of the B-cell receptor antigen response pathway in lymphocytes. Overall, SMAUG provides a mathematically rigorous approach to measuring the real-time dynamics of molecular interactions in living cells.Statement of SignificanceSuper-resolution microscopy allows researchers access to the motions of individual molecules inside living cells. However, due to experimental constraints and unknown interactions between molecules, rigorous conclusions cannot always be made from the resulting datasets when model fitting is used. SMAUG (Single-Molecule Analysis by Unsupervised Gibbs sampling) is an algorithm that uses Bayesian statistical methods to uncover the underlying behavior masked by noisy datasets. This paper outlines the theory behind the SMAUG approach, discusses its implementation, and then uses simulated data and simple experimental systems to show the efficacy of the SMAUG algorithm. Finally, this paper applies the SMAUG method to two model living cellular systems—one bacterial and one mammalian—and reports the dynamics of important membrane proteins to demonstrate the usefulness of SMAUG to a variety of systems.
The accounting and market consequences of the JOBS Act of 2012: an early study
Authors: Yu Ji , Rezaee Zabihollah , Zhang Joseph H. 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act 2012 (the JOBS Act) was passed in 2012. JOBS Act enables emerging growth companies (EGCs) to go public without being subject to the full vigorous range of regulations applicable to publicly traded companies. The purpose of this paper is to study financial performance, Tobin’s Q-ratio and value relevance of EGCs.

Design/methodology/approach
The sample includes 620 IPOs during the period from April 5, 2009 to April 5, 2015. The analyses use firm-quarter observations.

Findings
The results show that EGCs have both lower financial performance, and a lower Tobin’s Q-ratio compared to the financial performance and Tobin’s Q-ratio of non-EGCs. Moreover, the value relevance of accounting information for EGCs is lower than the value relevance of accounting information for non-EGCs.

Originality/value
This study contributes to the accounting regulation literature by documenting the inferior market performance and financial information quality of EGCs, i.e., the unintended consequences of the JOBS Act.
The authenticity of place-making
Authors: Furlan Raffaello , Petruccioli Attilio , Jamaleddin Mohuiddin 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
Urban theorists argue that in the post-Second World War period cities faced the increasing development of homogeneous and soullessness urban spaces. This led to the formulation of urban design’s theories for addressing issues of space and place, as a means of correction to the built environment of modern cities. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the significance and authenticity of placemaking for Msheireb, which is the regenerated historic district of Doha in Qatar.

Design/methodology/approach
Oral and visual data are collected via: interviews with urban planners and consultants from Msheireb Properties and the Ministry of Municipality and Environment; walk-through studies; site visits and observations about the spatial form of buildings, streets and open spaces; on-site interviews; and a survey conducted during the walk-through studies.

Findings
The findings reveal that the urban regeneration of the historic district – envisioned through a socio-spatial process (public realm) based on conservation (built heritage) and modernization (contemporary architectural language) – contribute to defining the authenticity of placemaking (space and character) of the renewed historic district of Msheireb.

Practical implications
The insights provided through this research study contribute to the development of a framework for conceiving urban conservation projects in Qatar, which aim to preserve heritage value and revitalize deteriorating districts, to encourage the current trend for decentralization toward the creation of lively and vibrant urban district quarters by promoting a rediscovery of community life and cultural values.

Originality/value
The identified key factors have made the research original and unique.
Influential factors of life cycle management in education PFI projects
Authors: Hartwell James Christian , Upadhyay Yog , Sourani Amr 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
It has been claimed that the private finance initiative (PFI) provides value for money in the overall life of the project through the lifecycle costing (LCC) process under the umbrella of lifecycle management (LCM). The available literature points to the fact that LCC is very important in getting value for money from PFI projects. However, there is no literature available on the effect of the use of LCM in PFI projects in the UK. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore the factors that influence the success of LCM in educational PFI projects.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper adopts a post-positivist approach to literature review. Purposive sampling is utilised with a mixed methodological approach. 6 qualitative inductive interviews offer key themes, which are further investigated using quantitative deductive questionnaires, of which 35 were issued and 26 were returned.

Findings
The paper provides empirical insights about the key success factors of LCM in the education sector. The results highlight the necessity of quality standardized data collection in a big data form. It highlights the need for a cultural shift from short- to long-term profit maximisation and service provision by the use of LCM in the PFI education sector.

Research limitations/implications
A purposive sample was used to maximise the validity of data collection. Although this method has garnered concise and clear results, it is understood that this study is limited into a niche sector and a set of subsequently niche professionals. It is recommended that a larger sample be utilised and the spectrum of PFI sectors be opened up to further explore the topic.

Practical implications
Further investigations across different sectors of PFI project may be viewed as a good comparison, sectors such as health, accommodation and prisons. Gathering responses across all sector types could have resulted in a greater number of responses received and offer greater validity to this study.

Social implications
While key success factors are clearly identified, fragmentation is seen as a barrier to the wholesale collection of such data. The responsibility, obligation to collect data for the benefit of future projects is not a priority for SMEs with little or no incentive to consider the progression of the sector. Albeit, there is evidence of one particular successful constructor/SPV, which is consolidating their business and are experiencing greater and sustained success.

Originality/value
This paper identifies previously unknown key influencing factors of success for educational PFI projects in relation to LCM.
Profiles of entrepreneurship students: implications for policy and practice
Authors: Sá Creso , Holt Christopher 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
While much research seeks to determine the impacts of entrepreneurship education on students, far less attention has been paid to students’ motivations and interests. Understanding students’ perspectives is useful, particularly as governments support the expansion of campus entrepreneurship. The purpose of this paper is to develop a deeper understanding of students’ reasoning in relation to pursuing entrepreneurship education.

Design/methodology/approach
Specifically, the key questions driving this study were: Why do students join experiential learning entrepreneurship programs? How do they define their goals for entrepreneurship education, and what outcomes do they value? Data were collected through interviews with 38 students participating in a range of experiential entrepreneurship programs in Ontario.

Findings
Four different patterns in students’ reasoning and sense making emerged from the analysis. First, “venture creators” are the prototypical student entrepreneurs who are set on creating and launching a venture. Second, “experience seekers” aim at gaining practical work experience but do not see themselves as nor intend to become entrepreneurs. Third, “explorers” aim at developing familiarity with basic concepts and opportunities in entrepreneurship, as a means to consider whether this is an attractive career option. Finally, “engagers” are actively experimenting with entrepreneurship as they gauge their “fit” and potential as entrepreneurs.

Originality/value
This study’s findings provide an empirically grounded check on the assumptions guiding government policy for entrepreneurship education and institutional practice. Policy and institutional attention is overly focused on venture creation, even as other outcomes are commonly espoused. Recognizing different profiles of entrepreneurship students may lead to more purposefully designed programs that have different objectives, and help distinct segments of students achieve their goals.
A test for multigroup comparison using partial least squares path modeling
Authors: Klesel Michael , Schuberth Florian , Henseler Jörg , Niehaves Bjoern 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
People seem to function according to different models, which implies that in business and social sciences, heterogeneity is a rule rather than an exception. Researchers can investigate such heterogeneity through multigroup analysis (MGA). In the context of partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM), MGA is currently applied to perform multiple comparisons of parameters across groups. However, this approach has significant drawbacks: first, the whole model is not considered when comparing groups, and second, the family-wise error rate is higher than the predefined significance level when the groups are indeed homogenous, leading to incorrect conclusions. Against this background, the purpose of this paper is to present and validate new MGA tests, which are applicable in the context of PLS-PM, and to compare their efficacy to existing approaches.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors propose two tests that adopt the squared Euclidean distance and the geodesic distance to compare the model-implied indicator correlation matrix across groups. The authors employ permutation to obtain the corresponding reference distribution to draw statistical inference about group differences. A Monte Carlo simulation provides insights into the sensitivity and specificity of both permutation tests and their performance, in comparison to existing approaches.

Findings
Both proposed tests provide a considerable degree of statistical power. However, the test based on the geodesic distance outperforms the test based on the squared Euclidean distance in this regard. Moreover, both proposed tests lead to rejection rates close to the predefined significance level in the case of no group differences. Hence, our proposed tests are more reliable than an uncontrolled repeated comparison approach.

Research limitations/implications
Current guidelines on MGA in the context of PLS-PM should be extended by applying the proposed tests in an early phase of the analysis. Beyond our initial insights, more research is required to assess the performance of the proposed tests in different situations.

Originality/value
This paper contributes to the existing PLS-PM literature by proposing two new tests to assess multigroup differences. For the first time, this allows researchers to statistically compare a whole model across groups by applying a single statistical test.
Stock market reaction to cash dividends: evidence from the Nigerian stock market
Authors: Ozo Friday Kennedy , Arun Thankom Gopinath 
Published: March 2019

PurposeVery little is known about the effect of dividend announcements on stock prices in Nigeria, despite the country’s unique institutional environment. The purpose of this paper is, therefore, to provide empirical evidence on this issue by investigating the stock price reaction to cash dividends by companies listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange.Design/methodology/approachStandard event study methodology, using the market model, is employed to determine the abnormal returns surrounding the cash dividend announcement date. Abnormal returns are also calculated employing the market-adjusted return model as a robustness check and to test the sensitivity of the results toβestimation. The authors also examine the interaction between cash dividends and earnings by estimating a regression model where announcement abnormal returns are a function of both dividend changes and earnings changes relative to stock price.FindingsThe study find support for the signaling hypothesis: dividend increases are associated with positive stock price reaction, while dividend decreases are associated with negative stock price reaction. Companies that do not change their dividends experience insignificant positive abnormal returns. The results also suggest that both dividends and earnings are informative, but dividends contain information beyond that contained in earnings.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample for the study includes only cash dividend announcements occurring without other corporate events (such as interim dividends, stock splits, stock dividends, and mergers and acquisitions) during the event study period. The small firm-year observations may limit the validity of generalizations from these conclusions.Practical implicationsThe findings are useful to researchers, practitioners and investors interested in companies listed on the Nigerian stock market for their proper strategic decision making. In particular, the results can be used to encourage transparency and good governance practices in the Nigerian stock market.Originality/valueThis paper adds to the very limited research on the stock market reaction to cash dividend announcements in Nigeria; it is the first of its kind employing a unique cash dividends data.
Football clubs’ social media use and user engagement
Authors: Aichner Thomas 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is threefold: to measure and compare the degree of social media use (SMU) by football clubs, to assess football fans’ engagement with content posted by football clubs (FCs) and to evaluate differences in user engagement with commercial social media advertisement targeting football fans, based on the advertisements’ appeal.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper employs three approaches. First, it uses the corporate social media use (CSMU) model to analyse 20,954 Facebook, YouTube, Instagram and Twitter postings from 78 European FCs. Second, it develops a categorisation for social media postings and uses ANOVA and Scheffè tests to conduct a pairwise comparison. Third, it uses a fictional hedonic low-involvement product (chocolate bar) to conduct an experiment by creating a Facebook advertising campaign with three advertisements that are manipulated regarding their general appeal.

Findings
Study 1 demonstrates that individual FCs show big differences between their degree of SMU. There are, however, no differences between European leagues, social media platforms, or more/less successful FCs. The results of Study 2 indicate that social media users like, comment and share postings by FCs independently of the content of the posting. Study 3 reveals that both user engagement and reach of advertisements can be substantially increased by employing football-related appeals.

Originality/value
This paper helps understanding consumer engagement in social media. The results presented are relevant and helpful for a multitude of actors, including FCs and other sports clubs, companies targeting football fans and researchers interested in social media and sports marketing.
Loyalty program activity: make B2B customers buy more
Authors: Kwiatek Piotr , Thanasi-Boçe Marsela 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
Loyalty programs (LPs) in a business-to-business (B2B) context have been under-researched when compared to consumer markets. The purpose of this paper is to investigate if and to what extent the loyalty program activity (LPA) based on recency, frequency and monetary framework reflects the effectiveness of a specific LP.

Design/methodology/approach
Using the data obtained from 818 business customers enrolled in a LP, logistic regression models are run to find the impact of LPA on the company’s sales.

Findings
The results suggest that in a linear LP, the frequency of rewards impacts sales the most, compared to recency and amount of points redeemed. The intensity of a LPA is influencing the expected sales in a company.

Research limitations/implications
The current study is not focused on the redemption patterns and the value of the rewards offered in the program. Limitation of the study only to one country and in a single company does not allow to generalize presented findings.

Practical implications
Companies should focus their efforts on defining the best level of frequency rewards in their LPs. Reward timing should be considered as a factor that influences the change in customer purchasing behavior more than the amount of points accumulated.

Originality/value
The research provides empirical evidence to support the highest influence of frequency of rewards on sales, compared to recency and amount of points redeemed. This is one of the few LP studies conducted in the context of the B2B market.
Time orientation in complex B2B service relationships
Authors: Rodriguez Rocio , Svensson Göran 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, to examine, on the basis of a teleological time orientation, the differences and similarities between actions that take place before and after the sales and purchases of advanced service solutions; and second, to stress that an active consideration of time facilitates the development of satisfactory service solutions to the service provider (SP) and service receiver (SR) (both) and maintenance of the long-term and complex business-to-business (B2B) service relationships in contrast to a passive consideration of time.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors have applied a multi-method design based on: in-depth interviews with key informants at software providers and their customers; analysis of textual documents and structured observations of customer-software provider actions; and follow-up interviews. This study is based on four phases in an industry to examine different views to enable data triangulation.

Findings
Complex B2B service relationships are affected by time in an active way, namely, time in the present is linked to customer expectations and their perceptions through two points: the experience (from past) of the SP and the SR and the service solution, previsualized (from future) before the service is implemented. Each interaction between the seller and the buyer progressively changes the mindset of both from the initial position of each (active consideration of time).

Research limitations/implications
The paper highlights the importance of an active treatment of time and cross-functional SP teams, since the individual salesperson may not possess the knowledge or resources to successfully deal with SR demands in complex B2B service relationships.

Practical implications
SPs should train, support, supervise and evaluate the whole team so that it interacts properly and performs appropriate and timely actions toward a successful outcome with their SRs.

Originality/value
The paper contributes to enhance the understanding of time-oriented sales and purchases in complex B2B service relationships based on advanced service solutions, all of which have rarely been addressed in either previous studies or in theory.