bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Qualitative Research on Expanded Prenatal and Newborn Screening: Robust but Marginalized
Authors: Grob Rachel 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIf I told you that screening technologies are iteratively transforming how people experience pregnancy and early parenting, you might take notice. If I mentioned that a new class of newborn patients was being created and that particular forms of parental vigilance were emerging, you might want to know more. If I described how the particular stories told about screening in public, combined with parents’ fierce commitment to safeguarding their children’s health, make it difficult for problematic experiences with screening to translate into negative opinions about it, you would most likely be intrigued. An extensive qualitative literature documents all these social phenomena, and more, in connection with the spread of prenatal and newborn screening. So why is it, then, that commentators frequently assert that the predicted psychosocial impact of increased screening and testing associated with “the genomic revolution” has been far less severe and worthy of attention than predicted? How can or should social science “evidence” that sits outside adopted measurement conventions be considered? Why is it that summary statements about the psychosocial impact of genomic information often ignore qualitative evidence, or sideline it as relevant only for improving communication among patients, clinicians, and public health systems? This essay addresses such questions, using qualitative research on prenatal and newborn screening as a case study for illustrating the broad methodological, ideological, and dialogical issues at stake.
The Stress Test
Authors: Gascho Joseph 
Published: July 2019

AbstractI felt good about myself, driving to the free medical clinic that evening. A full professor at a medical school, leaving my warm home on a cold night after a day at the hospital, seeing patients in clinic in the morning and teaching second‐year students medical ethics in the afternoon (autonomy was the theme; we'd covered beneficence and maleficence earlier in the week). Once a month, patients with cardiac problems come to the clinic, and this was the night. Two students presented the patient, a middle‐aged woman with chest pain. Their presentation was disjointed, in part because of their inexperience, in part because she spoke no English and her story was obtained with the help of a translator. Her eyes rarely met mine; she kept glancing at the translator. I auscultated her heart and lungs, letting the students listen through my stethoscope. What to do now? Had she been a patient that morning back in my clinic, I would have thought to myself, “I can't get a good history; why not do a stress test?” I thought, for what seemed like an eternity: If I send her for a stress test, that will deplete the funds needed for other patients. How important is this test? Is it really necessary? If I send her for a stress test, will someone with a suspicious mass on their chest x‐ray not be able to get a CT scan because no money is left?
Multi‐Gram Scale Synthesis of Chiral 3‐Methyl‐2,5‐trans‐tetrahydrofurans
Authors: Qin Shuanglin , Cao Yuting , Luo Yunhao , Jiang Shende , Clark J. Stephen , Wang Xiaoji , Yang Guang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this article, we report the rapid and facile synthesis of chiral 3‐methyl‐2,5‐trans‐tetrahydrofurans. This reaction utilizes cheap and easily available starting materials. A domino hydrolysis and intramolecular Michael‐type ring closure reaction was the key step. As a result, synthesis of the desired 3‐methyl‐2,5‐trans‐tetrahydrofurans could be achieved in gram‐scale over seven linear steps with high chemical yield and high diastereoselectivity.
Amifostine inhibited the differentiation of RAW264.7 cells into osteoclasts by reducing the production of ROS under 2 Gy radiation
Authors: Zhang Liang , Huang Bo , Tang Haiyang , Ye Xingchen , Yao Yang , Gong Ping , Tang Hua 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPatients with malignant tumors receive radiotherapy, and radiation could harm the skeletal system, leading to radiation‐induced osteoporosis. A major cause of this phenomenon is the activation of osteoclasts by radiotherapy. In this study, we studied whether amifostine (AMI) could affect the differentiation of osteoclast precursor cells (RAW264.7 cells) into osteoclasts under 2 gray (Gy) radiation. Four groups were used in the experiment: (a) 0 Gy (no radiation); (b) 0 Gy + AMI; (c) 2 Gy radiation; and (d) 2 Gy radiation + AMI. After radiation, a proliferation assay, a reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay, a comet assay, Trap staining, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and an animal study to test the effect of AMI on osteoclast precursor cells under 2 Gy radiation were conducted. Cell proliferation was significantly inhibited by AMI (P < .05). In addition, 2 Gy radiation led to longer “comet tails”, high level of ROS, and more Trap‐positive cells in vivo and in vitro (P < .05). Radiation improved the expression of CSTK, NFAT, and Rankl/OPG gene (P < .05), as well as Trap‐5b levels in the serum, and decreased bone mineral density. AMI inhibited the differentiation of RAW264.7 cells, shortened the tail moment length of comets, and decreased the level of ROS induced by radiation. The expression of NFAT, CTSK, and Rankl/OPG was decreased by AMI at the detection time point in radiation groups (P < .05). AMI inhibits the maturation and differentiation of osteoclasts under radiation conditions by reducing DNA damage and ROS induced by radiation, thereby reducing the adverse effects of radiation in the skeletal system, indicating that AMI might be used to treat osteoradionecrosis.
Enhanced ethanol production from lignocellulosic hydrolysates by inhibiting the hydrogen synthesis in Thermoanaerobacterium aotearoense SCUT27(Δldh)
Authors: Fu Hongxin , Yang Xitong , Qu Chunyun , Li Yang , Wang Jufang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThermophilic anaerobic bacteria have gained increased interest as a desirable biological catalyst for bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass. However, by‐products such as lactic acid, acetic acid and hydrogen (H2) not only lead to low ethanol yield but also increase the difficulty of ethanol purification. Considering that ethanol production is dependent on the supply of NADH, blocking or inhibiting lactic acid (by knocking out ldh) and H2 formation should be a reliable strategy to further increase the ethanol production.RESULTSComparative genome analysis indicated that three hydrogenase gene clusters (hyd, ech and hfs) were identified in Thermoanaerobacterium aotearoense SCUT27, and they were proved to be related to H2 production by gene knockout. Deletion of hyd or ech in SCUT27(Δldh) showed a decrease in substrate consumption and ethanol production, while hfsB gene knockout resulted in significant improvement in overall fermentation performance. Compared with SCUT27(Δldh), the ethanol concentration, yield and productivity of SCUT27(Δldh/ΔhfsB) were increased from 25.15 ± 0.45 g L−1, 0.33 ± 0.01 g g−1 and 0.30 ± 0.01 g L−1 h−1 to 39.64 ± 0.16 g L−1, 0.36 ± 0.00 g g−1 and 0.41 ± 0.01 g L−1 h−1 respectively using glucose in fed‐batch fermentation. The enhanced ethanol production was due to the increased NADH supply and alcohol dehydrogenase activity. Finally, the feasibility of ethanol production by SCUT27(Δldh/ΔhfsB) from hydrolysates of soybean hull, wheat straw, corn cob and corn straw was demonstrated.CONCLUSIONKnocking out the ldh and hfsB in SCUT27 is an efficient strategy for diverting carbon flux and NADH towards ethanol production, and the resulting strain SCUT27(Δldh/ΔhfsB) has great potential in the production of ethanol from lignocellulosic hydrolysates. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Prediction of disease severity in multiple acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: A retrospective and laboratory cohort study
Authors: van Rijt Willemijn J. , Ferdinandusse Sacha , Giannopoulos Panagiotis , Ruiter Jos P. N. , de Boer Lonneke , Bosch Annet M. , Huidekoper Hidde H. , Rubio‐Gozalbo M. Estela , Visser Gepke , Williams Monique , Wanders Ronald J. A. , Derks Terry G. J. 
Published: July 2019

SummaryMultiple acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD) is an ultra‐rare inborn error of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and amino acid metabolism. Individual phenotypes and treatment response can vary markedly. We aimed to identify markers that predict MADD phenotypes. We performed a retrospective nationwide cohort study; then developed an MADD‐disease severity scoring system (MADD‐DS3) based on signs and symptoms with weighed expert opinions; and finally correlated phenotypes and MADD‐DS3 scores to FAO flux (oleate and myristate oxidation rates) and acylcarnitine profiles after palmitate loading in fibroblasts. Eighteen patients, diagnosed between 1989 and 2014, were identified. The MADD‐DS3 entails enumeration of eight domain scores, which are calculated by averaging the relevant symptom scores. Lifetime MADD‐DS3 scores of patients in our cohort ranged from 0 to 29. FAO flux and [U‐13C]C2‐, C5‐, and [U‐13C]C16‐acylcarnitines were identified as key variables that discriminated neonatal from later onset patients (all P < .05) and strongly correlated to MADD‐DS3 scores (oleate: r = −.86; myristate: r = −.91; [U‐13C]C2‐acylcarnitine: r = −.96; C5‐acylcarnitine: r = .97; [U‐13C]C16‐acylcarnitine: r = .98, all P < .01). Functional studies in fibroblasts were found to differentiate between neonatal and later onset MADD‐patients and were correlated to MADD‐DS3 scores. Our data may improve early prediction of disease severity in order to start (preventive) and follow‐up treatment appropriately. This is especially relevant in view of the inclusion of MADD in population newborn screening programs.
An Exploratory Retrospective Study of Factors Affecting Energy Expenditure in Critically Ill Children
Authors: Mtaweh Haifa , Garros Christiana , Ashkin Allison , Tuira Lori , Allard Johane P. , Pencharz Paul , Pullenayegum Eleanor , Joffe Ari , Parshuram Christopher S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundAccurate measurement of energy expenditure is not widely available. Patient and clinical factors associated with energy expenditure have been poorly explored, leading to errors in estimation formulae. The objective of this study was to determine clinical factors associated with measured energy expenditure (MEE), expressed in kcal/kg/d, in critically ill children.MethodsThis was a retrospective study at 2 Canadian pediatric intensive care units (ICUs). Patients were mechanically ventilated children who had 1 or more MEE using indirect calorimetry. Associations between MEE and 28 clinical factors were evaluated in univariate regression and 16 factors in a multivariate regression model accounting for repeated measurements.ResultsData from 239 patients (279 measurements) were analyzed. Median (Q1, Q3) MEE was 34.8 (26.8, 46.2) kcal/kg/d. MEE was significantly associated with weight, heart rate, diastolic blood pressure, ICU day of indirect calorimetry (P = 0.004), minute ventilation, vasoactive inotropic score (P = 0.004), opioids, chloral hydrate, dexmedetomidine, inhaled salbutamol (P = 0.02), and propofol dose (all P < 0.0001 unless otherwise specified) in the final multivariate regression model.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated association between MEE (kcal/kg/d) and factors not previously explored in pediatric critical illness. Further evaluation of these factors to confirm associations and more precisely quantify the magnitude of effect is required to support refinement of formulae to estimate energy expenditure.
Morbidity after cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy with carboplatin used for ovarian, tubal, and primary peritoneal cancer
Authors: Mikkelsen Mette Schou , Christiansen Thora , Petersen Lone Kjeld , Blaakaer Jan , Iversen Lene Hjerrild 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackground and objectives: Hypertherm intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is increasingly used in the treatment of ovarian, tubal, and primary peritoneal cancer (OC). The aim was to evaluate short‐term morbidity of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and carboplatin HIPEC.Methods: Prospective feasibility study performed from January 2016 to December 2017. Twenty‐five patients with primary OC (FIGO III‐IV) received upfront or interval CRS combined with carboplatin HIPEC at dose 800 mg/m
2. Primary outcome measurements: grade 3 to 5 adverse events within 30 days according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events. Secondary outcome measurements: reoperation rate, length of hospital stay, readmission rate, and time from surgery to systemic chemotherapy administration.Results: No deaths (grade 5) or grade 4 adverse events were observed. Eleven patients (44.0%) experienced at least one grade 3 adverse event, the most common being an infection (28.0%) and neutropenia (12.0%). The reoperation rate was 8.0%. The median hospital stay was 14 days (range 9‐25 days), and five patients (25.0%) were readmitted within 30 days after surgery. Median time from surgery to the administration of the first dose of systemic chemotherapy was 41 days (range 24‐81 days).Conclusion: Our small‐scale prospective study supports that CRS and carboplatin HIPEC used for primary advanced‐stage OC is feasible with acceptable morbidity.
Solid‐phase microextraction Arrow for the volatile organic compounds in soy sauce
Authors: Lee Jun‐Young , Kim Woo Seok , Lee Yun‐Yeol , Choi Yun‐Sang , Choi Hyunwook , Jang Hae Won 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA novel solid‐phase microextraction Arrow was used to separate volatile organic compounds from soy sauce, and the results were verified by using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. Solid‐phase microextraction Arrow was optimized in terms of three extraction conditions: type of fiber used (polydimethylsiloxane, polyacrylate, carbon wide range/polydimethylsiloxane, and divinylbenzene/polydimethylsiloxane), extraction temperature (40, 50, and 60°C), and extraction time (10, 30, and 60 min). The optimal solid‐phase microextraction Arrow conditions were as follows: type of fiber = polyacrylate, extraction time = 60 min, and extraction temperature = 50°C. Under the optimized conditions, the solid‐phase microextraction Arrow was compared with conventional solid‐phase microextraction to determine extraction yields. The solid‐phase microextraction Arrow yielded 6–42‐fold higher levels than in solid‐phase microextraction for all 21 volatile organic compounds detected in soy sauce due to the larger sorption phase volume. The findings of this study can provide practical guidelines for solid‐phase microextraction Arrow applications in food matrixes by providing analytical methods for volatile organic compounds.
Microfluidic‐Printed Microcarrier for In Vitro Expansion of Adherent Stem Cells in 3D Culture Platform
Authors: Park Wook , Jang Seoyoung , Kim Tae Woo , Bae Junghyun , Oh Tong In , Lee EunAh 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMicrocarrier‐based stem cell expansion cultures can increase the dimensions of in vitro stem cell cultures from 2D to 3D. The culture handling process then becomes more efficient compared with conventional 2D cultures. However, the use of spherical plastic microcarriers complicates the monitoring of cell culture. To facilitate monitoring, transparent disc‐shaped microcarriers are manufactured using a light‐initiated microfluidic printing system and the obtained microcarriers are named as 2.5D microcarrier. The 2.5D microcarriers (diameter/height ≈ 5) enable us to use conventional monitoring tools in 2D‐based platform during the in vitro expansion on a 3D culture platform. Surface modification via a 1 h‐long poly‐dopamine (PDA) reaction can maintain the transparent nature of the microcarriers while optimizing the cell attachment. The surface marker expression and differentiation potential of the 2.5D microcarrier‐expanded stem cells reveal that the characteristics and functionalities preserved during expansion. The 2.5D microcarrier is readily integrated into an on‐bead assay to conserve reagents and permit a high number (n = 9) of repeated measurements with reliable results. These results demonstrate that the 2.5D microcarrier‐based scale‐up culture provides a valuable tool for the in vitro expansion of adherent stem cells, especially if repetitive monitoring is required.
Biodegradable Poly(butylene succinate‐co‐terephthalate) Fibers Incorporated with Nanoparticles under High Drawing Temperatures for Enhanced Mechanical Properties
Authors: Gu Jiayi , Wei Xing , Hou Xueni , Wei Zhenzhen 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe performance of materials depends strongly on their microstructures which, in turn, are dependent on the processing parameters. In this work, the emerging and biodegradable poly(butylene succinate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBST) nanocomposites with different nanoparticles (NPs) are generated via in situ polymerization and the corresponding composite fibers are fabricated via melt‐spinning for the first time. The NPs play a role as nucleating agents and can increase the crystallization rate. The real‐time investigation of evolution of fibers during uniaxial stretching is carried out on synchrotron radiation small‐angle X‐ray scattering beamline integrated with a thermomechanical equipment, so as to identify the effects of drawing temperatures and NPs on lamellar structure. Both the existence of NPs and high drawing temperature are beneficial to the formation and perfection of new lamellae. Moreover, NPs and relatively high temperature can improve the break strength of PBST fibers by 10–20%, which is reasonable according to the findings in structure development. Furthermore, the method employed here for property improvement of PBST fibers sheds light on performance optimization of other polymers and fibers.
Targeting virulence factors as an antimicrobial approach: Pigment inhibitors
Authors: Ni Shuaishuai , Li Baoli , Xu Yixiang , Mao Fei , Li Xiaokang , Lan Lefu , Zhu Jin , Li Jian 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe fascinating and dangerous colored pathogens contain unique chemically pigmented molecules, which give varied and efficient assistance as virulence factors to the crucial reproduction and growth of microbes. Therefore, multiple novel strategies and inhibitors have been developed in recent years that target virulence factor pigments. However, despite the importance and significance of this topic, it has not yet been comprehensively reviewed. Moreover, research groups around the world have made successful progress against antibacterial infections by targeting pigment production, including our serial works on the discovery of CrtN inhibitors against staphyloxanthin production in Staphylococcus aureus. On the basis of the previous achievements and recent progress of our group in this field, this article will be the first comprehensive review of pigment inhibitors against colored pathogens, especially S. aureus infections, and this article includes design strategies, representative case studies, advantages, limitations, and perspectives to guide future research.
Ultrasound elastography for the evaluation of peripheral nerves: A systematic review
Authors: Wee Tze Chao , Simon Neil G. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPeripheral nerve disorders are commonly encountered in clinical practice. Electrodiagnostic studies remain the cornerstone of the evaluation of nerve disorders. More recently, ultrasound has played an increasing complementary role in the neuromuscular clinic. Ultrasound elastography is a technique that measures the elastic properties of tissues. Given the histological changes that occur in diseased peripheral nerves, nerve ultrasound elastography has been explored as a noninvasive way to evaluate changes in nerve tissue composition. Studies to date suggest that nerve stiffness tends to increase in the setting of peripheral neuropathy, regardless of etiology, consistent with loss of more compliant myelin, and replacement with connective tissue. The aim of this systematic review is to summarize the current literature on the use of ultrasound elastography in the evaluation of peripheral neuropathy. Limitations of ultrasound elastography and gaps in current literature are discussed, and prospects for future clinical and research applications are raised.
Effects of horticultural therapy: Perspectives of frail and pre‐frail older nursing home residents
Authors: Lo Shirley K. L. , Lam Winsome Y. Y. , Kwan Rick Y. C. , Tse Mimi M. Y. , Lau Jordan K. H. , Lai Claudia K. Y. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimThe aim of the study was to explore the perceptions and experiences of a group of frail and/or pre‐frail older nursing home residents in relation to horticultural therapy.MethodA total of 22 frail/pre‐frail residents were interviewed. A qualitative content analysis approach was adopted to interpret the data from four nursing homes.ResultsFour main themes were identified: (a) “Horticultural therapy is an enjoyable activity and a good pastime in nursing home life”; (b) “Joining the programme made me happier”; (c) “Horticultural activities facilitated socialization among the residents”; and (4) “Not much mention was made of the programme by the staff outside the sessions.”Conclusion and implication for practiceThe findings provide evidence of the positive effects of horticultural therapy on perceived well‐being among frail nursing home residents and expand the existing state of knowledge on the use of horticultural therapy in long‐term residential care. Among others nursing implications, they are also important to develop appropriate and meaningful nursing practice to improve frail residents' perceived quality of life in the institution they now call “home.”
Team composition and staff roles in a hybrid operating room: A prospective study using video observations
Authors: Bazzi May , Bergbom Ingegerd , Hellström Mikael , Fridh Isabell , Ahlberg Karin , Lundgren Solveig M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimThe aim of the study was to evaluate team composition and staff roles in a hybrid operating room during endovascular aortic repairs.DesignQuantitative descriptive design.MethodsNine endovascular aortic repairs procedures were video‐recorded between December 2014 and September 2015. The data analysis involved examining the work process, number of people in the room and categories of staff and their involvement in the procedure.ResultsThe procedures were divided into four phases. The hybrid operating room was most crowded in phase 3 when the skin wound was open. Some staff categories were in the room for the entire procedure even if they were not actively involved. The largest number of people simultaneously in the room was 14.