bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stress effects on cognitive function in patients with major depressive disorder: Does childhood trauma play a role?
Authors: Kuehl Linn K. , Schultebraucks Katharina , Deuter Christian E. , May Anita , Spitzer Carsten , Otte Christian , Wingenfeld Katja 
Published: August 2019

AbstractImpaired cognitive functioning constitutes an important symptom of major depressive disorder (MDD), potentially associated with elevated cortisol levels. Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) enhance the risk for MDD and can contribute to disturbances in the stress systems, including cortisol and cognitive functions. In healthy participants, cortisol administration as well as acute stress can affect cognitive performance. In the current study, we tested cognitive performance in MDD patients with (N = 32) and without (N = 52) ACE and healthy participants with (N = 22) and without (N = 37) ACE after psychosocial stress induction (Trier Social Stress Test, TSST) and a control condition (Placebo-TSST). MDD predicted lower performance in verbal learning and both selective and sustained attention, while ACE predicted lower performance in psychomotoric speed and working memory. There were no interaction effects of MDD and ACE. After stress, MDD patients were more likely to show lower performance in working memory as well as in selective and sustained attention compared with participants without MDD. Individuals with ACE were more likely to show lower performance in verbal memory after stress compared with individuals without ACE. Our results indicate negative effects of MDD and ACE on distinct cognitive domains. Furthermore, MDD and/or ACE seem to enhance susceptibility for stress-related cognitive impairments.
Alpine Glacier Shrinkage Drives Shift in Dissolved Organic Carbon Export From Quasi‐Chemostasis to Transport Limitation
Authors: Boix Canadell Marta , Escoffier Nicolas , Ulseth Amber J. , Lane Stuart N. , Battin Tom J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe export of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from catchments is considered as an important energy flux through streams and a major connection between terrestrial and aquatic systems. However, the impact that predicted hydrological changes due to glacier retreat and reduction in snow cover changes will have on DOC export from high‐mountain streams remains unclear. In this study, we measured daily runoff and DOC yield during 1 year in Alpine streams draining catchments with different levels of glacier coverage. DOC yield showed a varied response to runoff across the catchments and varied seasonally as a function of the degree of glaciation and vegetation cover. Using space‐for‐time substitution, our results indicate that the controls on DOC yield from Alpine catchments change from chemostasis to transport limitation as glaciers shrink.
Heavy Noble Gas Isotopes as New Constraints on the Ventilation of the Deep Ocean
Authors: Seltzer Alan M. , Pavia Frank J. , Ng Jessica , Severinghaus Jeffrey P. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPast studies of noble gas concentrations in the deep ocean have revealed widespread, several percent undersaturation of Ar, Kr, and Xe. However, the physical explanation for these disequilibria remains unclear. To gain insight into undersaturation set by deep‐water formation, we measured heavy noble gas isotope and elemental ratios from the deep North Pacific using a new analytical technique. To our knowledge, these are the first high‐precision seawater profiles of 38Ar/36Ar and Kr and Xe isotope ratios. To interpret isotopic disequilibria, we carried out a suite of laboratory experiments to measure solubility fractionation factors in seawater. In the deep North Pacific, we find undersaturation of heavy‐to‐light Ar and Kr isotope ratios, suggesting an important role for rapid cooling‐driven, diffusive air‐to‐sea gas transport in setting the deep‐ocean undersaturation of heavy noble gases. These isotope ratios represent promising new constraints for quantifying physical air‐sea gas exchange processes, complementing noble gas concentration measurements.
Source Parameter Variability of Intermediate‐Depth Earthquakes in Japanese Subduction Zones
Authors: Chu Shanna , Beroza Gregory C. , Ellsworth William L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe physical mechanism of intermediate‐depth earthquakes is still uncertain. Dehydration embrittlement and thermal shear heating mechanisms are the leading hypotheses, and each has been supported both by observations and experiments. Slab character is likely to affect either mechanism. We apply uniform processing to data sets from the two main subduction zones in Japan: the older, colder, and faster‐subducting Pacific plate and the younger, warmer, and slower‐subducting Philippine Sea plate. We compare the stress drops and radiated efficiencies of intermediate‐depth earthquakes in these settings and find no significant differences between the scaling of source properties. In particular, we find both an increase of stress drop and apparent stress with increasing moment for the Pacific Plate subduction in Hokkaido and for the Philippine Sea Plate subduction in Kyushu. We suggest that this, along with apparent invariance of radiated efficiency, suggests that an embrittlement process is more important in these regions than a thermal shear mechanism.
Assimilation of Remotely Sensed LAI Into CLM4CN Using DART
Authors: Ling X. L. , Fu C. B. , Guo W. D. , Yang Z.‐L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPlant leaves play an important role in water, carbon, and energy exchanges between terrestrial ecosystems and atmosphere. Assimilating remotely sensed leaf area index (LAI) into land surface models is a promising approach to improve our understanding of those processes. Toward this goal, this study uses the Community Land Model with carbon and nitrogen components (CLM4CN) coupled with the Data Assimilation Research Testbed (DART). Global Land Surface Satellite (GLASS) LAI data are assimilated via the Ensemble Adjustment Kalman Filter. A random 40‐member atmospheric forcing ensemble is used to drive the CLM4CN to provide background error covariance. The results show that assimilating GLASS LAI and updating both LAI and leaf C/N is an effective method to provide a high‐accuracy estimate of LAI. The simulations always systematically overestimate LAI, especially in low‐latitude regions, with the largest bias up to 5 m2/m2, which are effectively corrected in the analyzed LAI, with the bias reduced to ±1 m2/m2. Significantly improved regions are located in central Africa, Amazonia, southern Eurasia, northeastern China, and western Europe, where evergreen/deciduous forests and mixed forests are dominant. Except for the temperate zone in the Southern Hemisphere, the analyzed LAI can well represent seasonal variations. The most pronounced assimilation impact in low‐latitude regions is attributed to large initial forecast error covariance and sufficient background errors. The MOD 16 evapotranspiration estimates and upscaled gross primary production have been used to evaluate the assimilation impact, which highlight neutral to highly positive improvement.
Aspergillus oryzae spore germination is enhanced by non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma
Authors: Veerana Mayura , Lim Jun-Sup , Choi Eun-Ha , Park Gyungsoon 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPoor and unstable culture growth following isolation presents a technical barrier to the efficient application of beneficial microorganisms in the food industry. Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma is an effective tool that could overcome this barrier. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of plasma to enhance spore germination, the initial step in fungal colonization, using Aspergillus oryzae, a beneficial filamentous fungus used in the fermentation industry. Treating fungal spores in background solutions of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and potato dextrose broth (PDB) with micro dielectric barrier discharge plasma using nitrogen gas for 2 and 5 min, respectively, significantly increased the germination percentage. Spore swelling, the first step in germination, was accelerated following plasma treatment, indicating that plasma may be involved in loosening the spore surface. Plasma treatment depolarized spore membranes, elevated intracellular Ca2+ levels, and activated mpkA, a MAP kinase, and the transcription of several germination-associated genes. Our results suggest that plasma enhances fungal spore germination by stimulating spore swelling, depolarizing the cell membrane, and activating calcium and MAPK signaling.
Prognostic roles of the transcriptional expression of exportins in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Chen Lubiao , Huang Yanlin , Zhou Liang , Lian Yifan , Wang Jialiang , Chen Dongmei , Wei Huan , Huang Mingsheng , Huang Yuehua 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Aims: A large number of studies have suggested that exportins (XPOs) play a pivotal role in human cancers. In the present study, we analyzed XPO mRNA expression in cancer tissues and explored their prognostic value in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Methods: Transcriptional and survival data related to XPO expression in HCC patients were obtained through the ONCOMINE and UALCAN databases. Survival analysis plots were drawn with Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA). Sequence alteration data for XPOs were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and c-BioPortal. Gene functional enrichment analyses were performed with Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID).
Results: Compared with normal liver tissues, significant XPO mRNA overexpression was observed in HCC cancer tissues. There was a trend of higher XPO expression in more advanced clinical stages and lower differentiated pathological grades of HCC. In HCC patients, high expression of XPO1, CSE1L, XPOT, XPO4/5/6 was related to poor overall survival (OS), and XPO1, CSE1L and XPO5/6 were correlated with poor disease-free survival (DFS). The main genetic alterations in XPOs involved mRNA up-regulation, DNA amplification and deletion. General XPO mutations were remarkably associated with worse OS and mostly affected the pathways of RNA transport and oocyte meiosis.
Conclusion: High expression of XPOs was associated with a poor prognosis in HCC patients. XPOs may be exploited as good prognostic biomarkers for survival in HCC patients.
Chronisch-persistierende Neurolues mit epileptischen Anfällen, distaler Neuropathie und kognitiver Einschränkung trotz wiederholter antibiotischer Therapie
Authors: Karrasch Matthias , Pfister Wolfgang , Baier Michael , Axer Hubertus , Witte Otto W. , Nürnberger Matthias 
Published: August 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGEine 55-jährige Patientin stellte sich zur Abklärung eines generalisierten epileptischen Anfalls in der zentralen Notaufnahme unseres Universitätsklinikums vor. Im Rahmen der weiteren Untersuchungen fielen kognitive Einschränkungen und eine axonal-demyelisierende Polyneuropathie auf. Laborchemisch war initial lediglich eine leichte Pleozytose in der Liquoruntersuchung auffällig. Im Rahmen der weiteren Abklärung der klinischen Beschwerden und der Liquorpleozytose konnte bei der Patientin infektionsserologisch eine chronisch-persistierende Treponema-pallidum-Infektion gesichert werden. Die gleiche Diagnose konnte anschließend auch bei dem Lebenspartner der Patientin gestellt werden. Bei generalisierten epileptischen Anfällen, zunehmenden kognitiven Einschränkungen und axonal-demyelinisierender Polyneuropathie unklarer Genese sollte eine Neurolues differenzialdiagnostisch erwogen und eine Liquoruntersuchung durchgeführt werden.
Nicht invasive Hirnstimulation und Furchtextinktion
Authors: Herrmann Martin J. , Mühlberger Andreas , Ehlis Ann-Christine , Deckert Jürgen , Polak Thomas 
Published: August 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGGegenstand und Ziel: Obwohl stress- und angstbedingte Störungen weit verbreitet sind, ist die Wirksamkeit entsprechender therapeutischer Maßnahmen nicht optimal. In jüngster Zeit wurde in einer Reihe von Studien der zusätzliche Nutzen einer nicht invasiven Hirnstimulation (NIBS) bei der Psychotherapie von Angsterkrankungen untersucht. Um die Effektivität der Hirnstimulation in Kombination mit einer Psychotherapieweiter zu verbessern, ist es notwendig, die Modulation von therapierelevanten Lernprozessen besser zu verstehen.Material und Methode: In diesem systematischen Review werden die Studien dargestellt, die eine Modulation der Furchtextinktion beim Menschen mittels NIBS untersuchen.Ergebnisse: Insgesamt konnten 7 Studien identifiziert und analysiert werden, die entweder die repetitive transkranielle Magnetstimulation (rTMS) oder die transkranielle Gleichstromstimulation (tDCS) bei der Furchtextinktion verwenden.Schlussfolgerungen: Das Review zeigt, dass mittels NIBS das Extinktionslernen verbessert werden kann. Die Übertragung dieser Ergebnisse in klinische Studien wurde bereits begonnen, sodass damit zu rechnen ist, dass in den nächsten Jahren genauere Informationen zu den optimalen Stimulationsparametern vorliegen.
Angst und Panik
Authors: Feldker Katharina , Notzon Swantje 
Published: August 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGGegenstand und Ziel: Die Forschung zu den neuronalen Korrelaten von Angst und Panik hat sich im letzten Jahrzehnt weiterentwickelt. Seit 1989 Gormans Hypothese zur Neuroanatomie der Panikstörung erschien, wurden viele Studien in den Bereichen Bildgebung und Neurochemie durchgeführt.Material und Methoden: Wir geben eine Übersicht über die Datenlage zu funktionellen Netzwerken bei Angst und Panik mit einem Schwerpunkt auf funktionellen Bildgebungsstudien.Ergebnisse: Für das Verständnis der Panikstörung ist von einem komplexen Modell multipler neuronaler Netzwerke mit Beteiligung von weitaus mehr Hirnregionen als zunächst angenommen auszugehen. Ein mögliches erweitertes neuro­anatomisches Netzwerkmodell der Panikstörung umfasst den präfrontalen Kortex, den zingulären Kortex, Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Insel, Hirnstamm, Hippocampus, Amygdala und den Bed Nucleus der Stria Terminalis. Neurochemisch ist eine Vielzahl von Neurotransmittern an der Entstehung der Panikstörung beteiligt.Schlussfolgerungen: Für das Verständnis der funktionellen Netzwerke bei Angst und Panik sind interdisziplinäre Forschung sowie eine dimensionale und transdiagnostische Herangehensweise essenziell.
„Aufsuchende Psychotherapie“ für Patienten mit schwerer Agoraphobie
Authors: Plag Jens , Liebscher Carolin , Fehm Lydia , Lueken Ulrike , Gagel Detlev E. , Fydrich Thomas , Ströhle Andreas 
Published: August 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Agoraphobie ist eine häufige Angsterkrankung und kann durch die kognitive Verhaltenstherapie (KVT) effizient behandelt werden. Für Patienten, die aufgrund einer schweren Symptomausprägung die eigene Wohnumgebung nicht selbstständig verlassen können, ist jedoch häufig die Aufnahme einer ambulanten Psychotherapie unmöglich. Das Pilotprojekt der „aufsuchenden Psychotherapie“ bietet deshalb in Berlin eine manualbasierte KVT an, die im häuslichen Bereich der Betroffenen beginnt. Den Schwerpunkt der Behandlung bildet eine 5-wöchige Intensivphase, in der durch eine Expositionstherapie die Mobilität der Patienten zeitnah wieder hegestellt und so die Fortsetzung der KVT im Rahmen der ambulanten Regelversorgung ermöglicht werden soll. Das speziell für diese Patientengruppe konzipierte Therapiemanual wird im Verlauf des Projekts kontinuierlich weiterentwickelt, um es möglichst optimal auf die Bedürfnisse der Patienten zu adaptieren und so eine größtmögliche Behandlungssicherheit herzustellen. Ziel des Projekts ist es, dass eine aufsuchende Komponente bedarfsgerecht als Teil der ambulanten KVT etabliert und finanziell adäquat durch die Kostenträger kompensiert wird.
Psychotherapie der Angststörungen
Authors: Voderholzer Ulrich , Rieger Maria , Favreau Mathias 
Published: August 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGIn der Behandlung von Angststörungen gibt es sehr gute empirische Belege für die Wirksamkeit kognitiver Verhaltenstherapie, insbesondere bezgl. Expositionsbehandlung. Als pharmakologische Behandlung von Angststörungen werden SSRIs und SNRIs als Pharmakotherapie der Wahl empfohlen. Dennoch gibt es einen Anteil an Patienten, die von der gängigen Therapie nicht ausreichend profitieren oder eine Behandlung ablehnen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird zunächst das aktuelle psychotherapeutische Vorgehen für die einzelnen Angststörungen beschrieben. Aktuelle Forschungsfelder zur Weiterentwicklung der Psychotherapie sowie alternative verhaltenstherapeutische Therapieverfahren und Modalitäten werden anschließend erläutert. Der Einsatz von Achtsamkeit und ACT bei Angststörungen, neue Expositionsmöglichkeiten durch virtuelle Realität, internetbasierte Therapieangebote, Anregungen zur Expositionspraxis anhand des inhibitorischen Lernens, Besonderheiten in der Behandlung von Kindern und Jugendlichen sowie die Umsetzung von Kurzzeittherapieprogrammen werden vorgestellt.
Beidseitige periorbitale Gesichtsschwellung
Authors: Kern Coralie , Rotter Nicole , Lammert Anne 
Published: August 2019

ZusammenfassungWir berichten über den seltenen Fall einer beidseitigen periorbitalen nekrotisierenden Fasziitis (PONF) bei einem 86-jährigen Patienten und dessen erfolgreicher Therapie basierend auf einer breit angelegten intravenösen Antibiose, frühzeitigem radikalen chirurgischen Débridement und zweizeitiger plastischer Rekonstruktion.
Bordetella Pertussis Antibody Levels in DPT/Pentavalent Immunized Preschool Nigerian Children: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Bassey Glory Ekpo , Ekanem Emmanuel Eyo , Okpara Henry Chima , Eyong Komomo Ibor 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPertussis is a vaccine-preventable disease and antibodies formed are known to decline with time. The aim of this study was to measure Bordetella pertussis/toxin immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies in different age groups of Nigerian children and determine the age at which booster dose may be required. A total of 422 children, aged 6 to 60 months, were tested for the presence of B. pertussis/toxin IgG antibodies by ELISA (enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay). The highest positivity rate was in the 6 to 11 months of age group, while the highest negativity rate was in the age group of 24 to 35 months. We conclude that B. Pertussis/toxin IgG antibodies response is weak in Nigerian children after three doses of DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus)/pentavalent vaccination, and there is a rapid decline of antibody levels between 12 and 35 months. We recommend that booster vaccination should be given at 12 to 15 months of age.
A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Rooming-in and Breastfeeding in Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal
Authors: Avram Carmen M. , Yieh Leah , Dukhovny Dmitry , Caughey Aaron B. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Objective Our cost-effectiveness analysis investigated rooming-in versus not rooming-in to determine optimal management of neonates with neonatal opioid withdrawal (NOW).
Study Design A decision-analytic model was constructed using TreeAge to compare rooming-in versus not rooming-in in a theoretical cohort of 23,200 newborns, the estimated annual number affected by NOW in the United States. Additional considerations included the effect of breast milk versus formula milk in evaluating the need for pharmacotherapy. Primary outcomes were needed for pharmacotherapy and neurodevelopment. We assumed a societal perspective in evaluating costs and maternal-neonatal quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) using a willingness-to-pay threshold of $100,000/QALY. Model inputs were derived from literature and varied in sensitivity analyses.
Results Rooming-in resulted in fewer neonates requiring pharmacotherapy when compared with not rooming-in. The rooming-in group had more neonates with intact/mild neurodevelopmental impairment and fewer cases of moderate to severe impairment. Rooming-in resulted in cost savings of $509,652,728 and 12,333 additional QALYs per annual cohort. When the risk ratio of need for pharmacotherapy in rooming-in was varied across a clinically plausible range, rooming-in remained the cost-effective strategy.
Conclusion Maternal rooming-in with newborns affected by NOW leads to reduced costs and increased effectiveness. Management strategies should optimize nonpharmacological interventions as first-line treatment.
Increasing throughput in x-ray computed tomography measurement of surface topography using sinogram interpolation
Authors: Körner Lars , Lawes Simon , Bate David , Newton Lewis , Senin Nicola , Leach Richard 
Published: August 2019

AbstractX-ray computed tomography (XCT) is a non-destructive imaging technique that has recently gained interest as a tool to measure surface topography. Large acquisition times are a major shortcoming of XCT. One contributing factor to the acquisition time is that a measurement can require the acquisition of thousands of radiographic projections. This paper explores the combined effects of undersampling, i.e. taking fewer radiographic projections and sinogram interpolation, i.e. estimating the missing radiographic projections by interpolation. Different degrees of sinogram interpolation are investigated through the measurement of the surfaces of a metal, additively manufactured part. The quality of the measurement result is assessed via the analysis of the reconstructed volumes, through the computation of quantitative indicators of spatial resolution and noise, and via the analysis of surface topographies extracted from the reconstructed volumes. The quality of the surfaces is assessed through the use of statistical models designed to estimate repeatability errors in the reconstruction, and through the computation of surface texture parameters. Results obtained with no undersampling and no sinogram interpolation are taken as reference. It is shown that noise in the volumetric reconstruction increases with respect to the reference with larger degrees of undersampling, but the increment can be partly compensated by sinogram interpolation with the effects on spatial resolution more difficult to interpret. The computation of surface texture parameters results in similar values for all but one case, the largest undersampling. The topography of the reconstructions indicate that the repeatability error remains similar in all experimental conditions, excluding the case of largest undersampling. Overall, the results indicate that a reduction of the acquisition time of XCT topography measurement is feasible. However, the obtained surface topographies suffer, and large undersampling creates unrecoverable negative effects on the spatial resolution, the noise characteristics and the obtained topographies, even when sinogram interpolation is used.
Reverberation in a narrow relativistic line Seyfert galaxy
Authors: Kalli S , Zoghbi A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Seyfert galaxy NGC 5506 is an excellent target for X-rays reverberation, since its spectrum shows both narrow and broad components of the Kα Iron line, and its AGN shows strong X-rays variability. Using different XMM-Newton satellite observations, we study the spectrum in the energy band 2-10 keV.
Synchrotron Emission and Self-Absorption in GRB Afterglows
Authors: Zouaoui E , Mebarki N 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
GRBs are the most energetic phenomena in the universe. For this, two types of shocks were suggested for the prompt emission and the jet within the medium environment. In this work we try to treat the radiation of the GRB afterglows by synchrotron emission mechanisms. Moreover, by ignoring the diffusion of the Inverse Compton scattering, the absorption effect like synchrotron self-absorption is also studied and discussed.