bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grading Melanocytic Dysplasia: Updated Histopathologic Criteria
Authors: Shea Christopher R. , Prieto Victor G. , Shachaf Catherine M. , Florell Scott R. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTDr. Martin C. Mihm, Jr.'s innovative work on the dysplastic nevus achieved a milestone in his chapter in the World Health Organisation Classification of Skin Tumours (WHO‐C). WHO‐C presents a dichotomous classification (high‐grade versus low‐grade dysplastic nevi) and a quantitative metric to assess melanocytic nuclear enlargement. The Duke classification is a related approach that provides mostly quantitative histopathologic criteria for dysplastic nevi and gives due weight to architectural features as well as cytology. This paper proposes and illustrates updated criteria for scoring and grading melanocytic dysplasia, incorporating some of the definitions and categories of WHO‐C, while refining the quantitative and architectural elements of the Duke grading system to facilitate more detailed and precise assessment of dysplastic nevi.
The far side of capitalism: Institutions and trade financing in Manila during the long eighteenth century
Authors: Rivas Moreno Juan José 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSustained long‐distance trade in the early modern era necessitated institutional mechanisms capable of solving three interrelated challenges: the need to mobilize an unprecedented volume of capital and to lock it in for long periods of time, ways of mitigating the principal–agent problem across continents, and methods to internalize and distribute the high risks associated with intercontinental sailing. The case of Manila represents an alternative institutional approach to achieving market impersonality and solving the three fundamental challenges without the need for joint‐stock corporations, and extending beyond private and cultural networks. By adapting urban religious institutions such as brotherhoods and using legacy funds to facilitate pooling savings, Manileños managed to establish a capital market capable of mobilizing large resources towards trade finance during the long eighteenth century.
Young woodland restoration plantings can be resilient to uncontrolled bushfires
Authors: Atkinson Joe , Freudenberger David 
Published: November 2024

SummaryTree planting projects are widely conducted in agricultural areas across Australia, but relatively little is known about the vulnerability of these still young plantings to bushfires. As a result of climate change, more frequent and intense bushfires are predicted to occur across the continent. Therefore, it is important to know what happens to restoration plantings when young woody plants are burnt. To this end, we present 8 years of monitoring data from the Scottsdale Reserve in Bredbo, where we followed individual tubestock from 2013 to 2022 with an uncontrolled bushfire occurring in early February 2020. We found that Eucalypt (Eucalyptus spp.), Wattle (Acacia spp.), and Prickly Box (Bursaria spinosa) seedlings planted by volunteers had high survival rates from year to year, even after fire. Non‐resprouting species including Hop Bush (Dodonaea viscosa) and Shiny Cassinia (Cassinia longifolia) had not recovered by early 2022, though these represented a much lower proportion of the planting. Our results suggest that some components of restoration plantings are resilient to burning but others are not able to produce viable seed banks, or regrow from them in this setting. Some replanting after fire may be required to maintain desired plant diversity and structure.
A new ex vivo human skin model for the topographic and biological analysis of cosmetic formulas
Authors: Peno‐Mazzarino Laurent , Jeanneton Olivier , Scalvino Stéphanie Almeida , Percoco Giuseppe , Beauchef Gallic , Nizard Carine , Pays Karl 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveExisting methods to evaluate skin care products suffer limitations. This is the case for ex vivo skin explants, a first‐choice 3D model. While essential to analyse mid‐ to long‐term biological effects, this classical model hinders assessing microrelief variations. To circumvent these limitations, we developed an ex vivo PERFused EXplant setup (Perfex) that maintains the outer skin surface in the open air, closely mirroring physiological conditions.MethodsA custom‐designed reservoir enables perfusing the dermal side of explants with buffered, temperature‐controlled medium, while the epidermis is subjected to “normal” conditions. Skin tension and characteristics of the stratum corneum, microrelief, histology and immunohistology (collagen types I and III, elastin and fibrillin‐1) were analysed and compared to those of explants maintained under conventional conditions or in vivo skin. The effects of skin care formulas intended to induce short‐ and/or mid‐ to long‐term effects were also assessed.ResultsSkin explants maintained with the Perfex setup exhibit characteristics (firmness, elasticity, hydration and barrier function) closer to those of in vivo skin than with conventional conditions. Moreover, Perfex‐maintained explants present no alteration in histology after 7 days and slight variation in the expression of key protein markers. Microrelief characteristics also remain mostly stable over 7 days. Formula applications corroborate that skin tensor‐containing products primarily induce short‐term changes in the microrelief, while those with biologically active ingredients mainly lead to mid‐ to long‐term effects on the histology and expression of molecular markers. Furthermore, maintaining skin explants with a physiologically relevant skin surface enabled analysing the relationship between microrelief and key markers, showing that fibrillin‐1 is the protein most correlated with microrelief characteristics.ConclusionsThe Perfex setup allows for similar preservation of skin explant histology and key protein expression as the conventional system, yet it maintains a skin surface close to that of in vivo skin. Therefore, it is valuable to analyse both the short‐ and mid‐ to long‐term impacts of skin care formulas and better comprehend their effects. The Perfex system also offers a new tool for investigating fundamental questions, such as the link that can exist between dermal proteins and skin surface properties.
Integrated machine learning developed a prognosis‐related gene signature to predict prognosis in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Tang Peng , Li Baihui , Zhou Zijing , Wang Haitong , Ma Mingquan , Gong Lei , Qiao Yufeng , Ren Peng , Zhang Hongdian 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe mortality rate of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains high, and conventional TNM systems cannot accurately predict its prognosis, thus necessitating a predictive model. In this study, a 17‐gene prognosis‐related gene signature (PRS) predictive model was constructed using the random survival forest algorithm as the optimal algorithm among 99 machine‐learning algorithm combinations based on data from 260 patients obtained from TCGA and GEO. The PRS model consistently outperformed other clinicopathological features and previously published signatures with superior prognostic accuracy, as evidenced by the receiver operating characteristic curve, C‐index and decision curve analysis in both training and validation cohorts. In the Cox regression analysis, PRS score was an independent adverse prognostic factor. The 17 genes of PRS were predominantly expressed in malignant cells by single‐cell RNA‐seq analysis via the TISCH2 database. They were involved in immunological and metabolic pathways according to GSEA and GSVA. The high‐risk group exhibited increased immune cell infiltration based on seven immunological algorithms, accompanied by a complex immune function status and elevated immune factor expression. Overall, the PRS model can serve as an excellent tool for overall survival prediction in ESCC and may facilitate individualized treatment strategies and predction of immunotherapy for patients with ESCC.
Esculetin rebalances M1/M2 macrophage polarization to treat sepsis‐induced acute lung injury through regulating metabolic reprogramming
Authors: Chen Feng , Wang Ning , Liao Jiabao , Jin Mengxue , Qu Fei , Wang Chengxin , Lin Min , Cui Huantian , Wen Weibo , Chen Fengjuan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSepsis‐induced acute lung injury (SALI) is characterized by a high incidence and mortality rate, which has caused a serious medical burden. The pharmacological effects of esculetin (ELT), such as antibacterial and anti‐inflammatory actions, have been widely confirmed. However, the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of ELT on SALI still need to be further clarified. In this study, we first evaluated the therapeutic potential of ELT on a caecal ligation and puncture (CLP) induced septic rat model, particularly in the treatment of acute lung injury. Afterwards, we explored the effect of ELT on macrophage polarization in vivo and in vitro. Then, we investigated the anti‐inflammatory mechanism of ELT based on modulating the metabolic reprogramming of macrophage (the effect on glycolysis in M1, and the effect on fatty acid β‐oxidation in M2). In addition, macrophage metabolic inhibitors (glycolysis inhibitor: 2‐DG, and fatty acid β‐oxidation inhibitor: etomoxir) were used to verify the regulatory effect of ELT on macrophage metabolic reprogramming. Our results proved that ELT intervention could effectively improve the survival rate of SALI rats and ameliorate pathological injury. Next, we found that ELT intervention inhibited M1 polarization and promoted M2 polarization of macrophages in vivo and in vitro, including the downregulation of M1‐related markers (CD86, iNOS), the decrease of pro‐inflammatory factors (nitric oxide, IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α), the upregulation of M2‐related markers (CD206, ARG‐1), the increase of immunomodulatory factors (IL‐4 and IL‐10). Subsequently, seahorse analysis showed that ELT intervention inhibited the glycolytic capacity in M1, and promoted the ability of fatty acid β‐oxidation in M2. Besides, ELT intervention inhibited the level of glycolysis product (lactic acid), and the expression of glycolysis‐related genes (Glut1, Hk2, Pfkfb1, Pkm and Ldha) and promoted the expression of fatty acid β‐oxidation related genes (Cpt1a, Cpt2, Acox1). In addition, we found that the inhibitory effect of ELT on M1 polarization was comparable to that of 2‐DG, while intervention with etomoxir abolished the promoting effect of ELT on M2 polarization. ELT inhibited the inflammatory response in SALI by correcting macrophage polarization (inhibiting M1 and promoting M2). The mechanism of ELT on macrophage polarization was associated with regulating metabolic reprogramming (inhibiting glycolysis in M1 and promoting fatty acid β‐oxidation in M2).
Biopolymers for a Sustainable Food System: Sources, Applications, and Environmental Impacts
Authors: Irshad Muhammad Asim , Khan Alamgeer , Zafar Zonara , Najib Muhammad Suleman , Ahmad Tauqeer 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe use of synthetic polymers in the food industry poses significant risk of contamination, global plastic waste, and pollution. In contrast, biopolymers offer a potential solution for a sustainable future. Derived from natural resources, biopolymers are biodegradable and compostable and do not leach hazardous chemicals into food, which make them ideal for various applications in the food industry, owing to the non‐leaching of hazardous chemicals into the food. Here, an overview of the potential of biopolymers to replace synthetic plastic in food is discussed. The degradation of biopolymers and their environmental impact, the formation of biopolymer films, the utilization of different biopolymers for sustainable solutions to synthetic polymers, and their advantages are thoroughly presented. This review is expected to guide food industry stakeholders in seeking biopolymers as sustainable and eco‐friendly alternatives to synthetic polymers.
Messing up Visual Management Studies: A Problematizing Review
Authors: Shao Kaiyu , Janssens Maddy , Greenwood Michelle 
Published: November 2024

AbstractManagement studies are increasingly turning to visual materials to generate rich insights on the complexities in organizational life, thereby developing visual management studies (VMS). In this paper, we conduct a problematizing review to re‐imagine VMS so that it is better equipped to deal with the complexities or, from our perspective, the messiness in organizational life. Informed by theoretical readings in visual studies and reflexivity we analyse this research domain with three questions: (1) How is the visual conceptualized? (2) How is visual meaning decided? and, (3) how is the visual researcher depicted? Our findings show how the studies in our review tend to converge on an orderly form of knowledge production, missing out on the domain's messy potential. Our proposal is to mess up VMS through rediscovering visual, social and philosophical perspectives that theorize the visual, cultivating the polysemy of the visual and working with the ‘inter‐situality’ of visual meaning, thereby ensuring that, as visual researchers, we take responsibility for the visual in our research decisions.
Effects of Non‐Pharmacological Interventions on the Swallowing Function of Patients With Post‐Stroke Dysphagia: A Systematic Review and Network Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Zhang Bohan , Wong Ka Po , Guo Cai , Chen Shu‐Cheng , Fu Shuojin , Kang Ruifu , Xiao Qian , Qin Jing 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPost‐stroke dysphagia can lead to serious complications and appropriate rehabilitation can significantly improve swallowing function. However, the best rehabilitation method for post‐stroke dysphagia patients is not clear at the present stage, so it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive network meta‐analysis and systematic review of different interventions for dysphagia.ObjectiveTo compare the effectiveness and ranking of different interventions for improving swallowing function, and feeding and daily function in patients with post‐stroke dysphagia.MethodsSeven databases were searched from the date of inception to September 1, 2022. Two investigators independently conducted literature searches, selected randomized controlled trials on dysphagia interventions, and assessed study quality. Network meta‐analysis was conducted by using Stata software.ResultsA total of 33 studies involving 1,341 patients were included. According to the ranking probabilities, acupuncture was rated as the most effective of all interventions to enhance patients' swallowing function (surface under cumulative ranking curve values [SUCRCV]: 99.0%, standardized mean difference [SMD]: −2.40, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −3.38 to −1.43), followed by the chin tuck against resistance exercise (CTAR, SUCRA: 89.9%, SMD: −1.83, 95% CI: −2.69 to −0.97). Among all the interventions, acupuncture was the most effective for feeding and daily function (SUCRCV: 88.4%, SMD: −1.62, 95% CI: −2.94 to −0.30).ConclusionsThe results showed that acupuncture was the most effective in the rehabilitation of patients with post‐stroke dysphagia, followed by CTAR. Considering that CTAR is a low‐cost and highly feasible intervention, we suggest that CTAR should be selected as a rehabilitation measure for patients with post‐stroke dysphagia to improve their swallowing function.
Isolation and Identification of Pathogenic Microorganisms Causing Post‐Harvest Disease of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) in Ninh Thuan Province, Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Thi Nha , Nguyen Thi Thu Nha , Ho Thi Cam Nguyen , Trinh Minh Hop , Phan Thanh Kiem , Vo Thi Tu Binh , Nguyen Thanh Diem , Vo Thi Ngoc Nhi , Do Anh Duy 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTGarlic plays a crucial role in Vietnam's agricultural economy. However, the presence of post‐harvest diseases presents considerable obstacles as it reduces the quality and market value of the crop. The objective of this study was to identify the microbial strains responsible for these diseases through isolation and identification. A comprehensive analysis was conducted to identify six pathogenic species that have a significant impact on the quality of post‐harvest garlic in Phan Rang, Ninh Thuan province, Vietnam. This analysis involved morphological observations, microscopic assessments, pathogenicity testing and molecular sequencing. Fusarium solani, F. oxysporum and Lasiodiplodia theobromae were identified as the main causes of dry rot, while Macrophomina phaseolina was associated with charcoal rot. Moreover, Aspergillus niger has been associated with black mould, while Pantoea sp. has been identified as the causative agent of soft rot. Re‐infection tests following Koch's postulates conducted on garlic bulbs provided confirmation of the isolates' pathogenicity. These findings have significant implications for enhancing our understanding of garlic diseases after harvest, which can contribute to the development of effective control measures in the future.
Top management team attributes and corporate entrepreneurship: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Saeed Saadat , Alasadi Mohammad , Yousafzai Shumaila Y. , Zahra Shaker A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHow do the attributes of a firm's top management team (TMT) influence corporate entrepreneurship across organizational and national contexts? Drawing on upper echelons theory and the managerial discretion perspective, this meta‐analytic study examines the dynamic relationship between TMTs' attributes and corporate entrepreneurship, focusing on the moderating role of managerial discretion arising from organizational and national‐level factors. To provide insights into the micro‐foundations of firm behavior, we explore how key TMT attributes—diversity, size, transformational leadership, tenure, general human capital, and entrepreneurial human capital—affect corporate entrepreneurship. A comprehensive meta‐analysis of 57 primary studies reveals that the effect of a TMT's attributes is context‐dependent and is significantly influenced by the approach to managerial discretion taken by the country in which the firm operates. By showing that transformational leadership and the TMT's entrepreneurial human capital and size affect corporate entrepreneurship, while attributes like tenure, diversity, and general human capital have limited or no impact, our findings challenge the prevailing view that a standardized approach to the TMT's composition drives corporate entrepreneurship. The study also underscores the role of the national‐level managerial discretion and finds that firms in institutional environments that feature low managerial discretion must align their TMT strategies with local institutional contexts to maximize their corporate entrepreneurship. These findings advance upper echelons theory by demonstrating that managerial discretion acts as a boundary condition in shaping how the TMT's attributes influence corporate entrepreneurship based on the national context. This research contributes to the fields of strategic and innovation management and offers practical insights for leaders who seek to harness the full potential of their TMTs.
Sleep schedules and MSLT‐based diagnosis of narcolepsy type 2 and idiopathic hypersomnia: Exploring potential associations in a large clinical sample
Authors: Matsui Kentaro , Usui Akira , Takei Yoichiro , Kuriyama Kenichi , Inoue Yuichi 
Published: November 2024

SummaryDifferential diagnosis of narcolepsy type 2 and idiopathic hypersomnia relies on the frequency of sleep‐onset rapid eye movement periods observed on the Multiple Sleep Latency Test. This study investigated whether variations in sleep schedules, particularly delayed sleep–wake patterns, contribute to the diagnostic distinction between narcolepsy type 2 and idiopathic hypersomnia. The study included 871 patients aged 18–39 years (316 with narcolepsy type 2, 555 with idiopathic hypersomnia). These patients were diagnosed based on MSLT results following polysomnography from November 2013 to November 2017. Patients' sleep habits, including bedtime and wake‐up times on weekdays and weekends during the 2 weeks preceding the polysomnography/Multiple Sleep Latency Test, were assessed using self‐reported sleep logs. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with narcolepsy type 2 diagnosis. The analysis revealed that being male (p < 0.001), younger age (p < 0.001), shorter weekday sleep duration (p < 0.05), and a delayed weekday sleep midpoint time (p < 0.01) were significantly associated with a diagnosis of narcolepsy type 2. The study suggests that the conventionally fixed schedule of polysomnography and Multiple Sleep Latency Test administration may have contributed to the increased occurrence of sleep‐onset rapid eye movement periods particularly in individuals with a delayed sleep–wake schedule.
Recompensation of Liver Cirrhosis by TIPS Reduces Epithelial Cell Death Markers, Translating Into Improved Clinical Outcome
Authors: Piecha Felix , Jahn Beatrice‐Victoria , Köntopf Johannes , Koop Anja , Ozga Ann‐Kathrin , Al‐Jawazneh Amirah , Harberts Aenne , Riedel Christoph , Buggisch Peter , Benten Daniel , Hübener Peter , Adam Gerhard , Huber Samuel , Lohse Ansgar W. , Bannas Peter , Kluwe Johannes 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsPortal hypertension is the main pathophysiological driver of decompensation in patients with liver cirrhosis. Epithelial cell death markers, m30 and m65, correlate with hepatic injury and predict outcomes across various stages of liver disease. We aim (i) to evaluate whether portal hypertension itself contributes to liver outcome‐relevant epithelial injury, and (ii) to analyse the capacity of m30/m65 to predict outcome in patients receiving a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) for refractory ascites.MethodsSixty‐six patients undergoing TIPS placement for refractory ascites and 20 patients with compensated cirrhosis as controls were prospectively enrolled in this monocentric cohort study. Epithelial cell death markers were analysed pre‐TIPS, as well as 1–3 and 6–9 months post‐TIPS. The capacity of baseline levels of m30/m65 in predicting six‐month transplant‐free survival rates was analysed by multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression.ResultsLevels of m30 and m65 were higher in patients with decompensated cirrhosis (pre‐TIPS) compared with compensated cirrhosis (controls). Following correction of portal hypertension by TIPS and recompensation, both markers decreased over time, reaching levels comparable to patients with compensated cirrhosis. On multivariable analysis, pre‐TIPS baseline levels of m30 and m65 were not predictive for six‐month survival.ConclusionCorrection of portal hypertension via TIPS reduces levels of epithelial cell death markers, indicating that portal hypertension is a driver of outcome‐relevant, hepatic cell death in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Baseline m30/m65 values do not affect six‐month survival rates, which suggests that TIPS placement overcomes the unfavourable spontaneous prognosis otherwise indicated by elevated baseline m30/65 levels.