bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reductions in Insulin Resistance are Mediated Primarily via Weight Loss in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes on Semaglutide
Authors: Fonseca Vivian A , Capehorn Matthew S , Garg Satish K , Jódar Gimeno Esteban , Hansen Oluf H , Holst Anders G , Nayak Gurudutt , Seufert Jochen 
Published: April 2019

AbstractContextSemaglutide, a once-weekly glucagon-like peptide-1 analog approved for use in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), demonstrated superior body weight (BW) reductions and decreased insulin resistance (IR) vs comparators across the Semaglutide Unabated Sustainability in Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes (SUSTAIN) 1–3 clinical trials.ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between IR and BW across the SUSTAIN 1–3 trials.DesignPost hoc analysis of the SUSTAIN 1–3 trials.SettingThree hundred and eleven sites in 30 countries.Patients or other participants2432 subjects with T2D.InterventionsSemaglutide 0.5 or 1.0 mg, placebo or active comparator (sitagliptin 100 mg, exenatide extended release 2.0 mg).Main Outcome MeasureTo assess the extent of the effect on IR that is mediated (indirect effect) and not mediated (direct effect) by the effect on BW.ResultsAcross SUSTAIN 1–3, mean BW was significantly reduced with semaglutide 0.5 mg (3.7 kg to 4.3 kg; P < 0.0001) and semaglutide 1.0 mg (4.5 kg to 6.1 kg; P < 0.0001) vs comparators (1.0 kg to 1.9 kg). There were greater reductions in IR with semaglutide 0.5 mg (27% to 36%) and semaglutide 1.0 mg (32% to 46%) vs comparators (17% to 28%). Greater reductions in BW were generally associated with greater decreases in IR. The effect on IR was primarily mediated by weight loss (70% to 80% and 34% to 94%, for semaglutide 0.5 mg and 1.0 mg, respectively, vs comparator).ConclusionsSemaglutide consistently reduced BW and IR in subjects with T2D in SUSTAIN 1–3. In this analysis, IR improvement was positively associated with, and primarily mediated by, the effect of semaglutide on BW.
Role of Cdx factors in early mesodermal fate decisions
Authors: Foley Tanya E. , Hess Bradley , Savory Joanne G. A. , Ringuette Randy , Lohnes David 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
Murine cardiac and hematopoietic progenitors are derived from Mesp1+ mesoderm. Cdx function impacts both yolk sac hematopoiesis and cardiogenesis in zebrafish, suggesting that Cdx family members regulate early mesoderm cell fate decisions. We found that Cdx2 occupies a number of transcription factor loci during embryogenesis, including key regulators of both cardiac and blood development, and that Cdx function is required for normal expression of the cardiogenic transcription factors Nkx2-5 and Tbx5. Furthermore, Cdx and Brg1, an ATPase subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, co-occupy a number of loci, suggesting that Cdx family members regulate target gene expression through alterations in chromatin architecture. Consistent with this, we demonstrate loss of Brg1 occupancy and altered chromatin structure at several cardiogenic genes in Cdx-null mutants. Finally, we provide evidence for an onset of Cdx2 expression at E6.5 coinciding with egression of cardiac progenitors from the primitive streak. Together, these findings suggest that Cdx functions in multi-potential mesoderm to direct early cell fate decisions through transcriptional regulation of several novel target genes, and provide further insight into a potential epigenetic mechanism by which Cdx influences target gene expression.
Transient activity of the florigen complex during the floral transition in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Abe Mitsutomo , Kosaka Shingo , Shibuta Mio , Nagata Kenji , Uemura Tomohiro , Nakano Akihiko , Kaya Hidetaka 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) is an essential component of florigen in Arabidopsis thaliana. Transcription of FT is induced in leaves, and the resulting FT protein is transported to the shoot apex, in which it initiates floral development. Previous analyses suggest that, together with the b-ZIP transcription factor FD, FT regulates the transcription of downstream targets such as APETALA1 (AP1) in floral anlagen. However, conclusive in vivo evidence that FT is transported to the shoot apex to form an FT–FD complex is lacking. Here, using an innovative in vivo imaging technique, we show that the FT–FD complex and AP1 colocalise in floral anlagen. In addition, the FT–FD complex disappears soon after the floral transition owing to a reduction in FD transcripts in the shoot apex. We further show that misinduction of FD activity after the transition leads to defective reproductive development. Taken together, our results indicate that the FT–FD complex functions as a transient stimulus and imply that a regulatory mechanism exists during the floral transition that reduces FT–FD complex levels via modulation of FD expression.
Stock Market Responses to Unethical Behavior in Organizations: An Organizational Context Model
Authors: Baker Bradford , Derfler-Rozin Rellie , Pitesa Marko , Johnson Michael 
Published: April 2019

We develop and test a model that extends the understanding of how people react to news of organizational unethical behavior and how such reactions impact stock performance. We do so by taking into account the interplay between the features of specific unethical acts and the features of the organizational context within which unethical acts occur. We propose a two-stage model in which the first stage predicts that unethical acts that benefit the organization are judged less harshly than are unethical acts that benefit the actor, when the organization is seen as pursuing a moral goal (e.g., producing inexpensive medicine rather than tobacco products). In such cases, the motives behind the unethical act are construed as an individual’s intentions to pursue a moral end. The second stage of our model connects moral judgment to action against the organization as a whole. We propose that moral judgments of an unethical act are more likely to translate into negative economic consequences for the organization when the unethical act is seen as benefiting the organization, because in such cases the organization is construed as an accomplice. Study 1 is an event study of stock market reactions to organizational unethical behavior in which the features of organizational unethical behavior were operationalized by coding media coverage of unethical acts. Study 2 is an experiment that used news stories to manipulate features of unethical behavior and measured participants’ estimates of stock performance, while incentivizing participants for accuracy. Both studies found support for our model. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2018.1244 .
PERFIL DO REGISTRO SANITÁRIO DE DISPOSITIVOS INTERSOMÁTICOS NA AGÊNCIA NACIONAL DE VIGILÂNCIA SANITÁRIA (ANVISA)
Authors: Colli Luciana Ferreira Mattos , Martins Anna Luisa Dantas , Cabral Lucio Mendes 
Published: April 2019

Produtos para saúde são dispositivos de uso médico utilizados em variados procedimentos e estão sujeitos à vigilância sanitária. A comercialização, no Brasil, requer o registro na Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Anvisa), que avalia o grau de risco dos mesmos e o impacto na Saúde Pública. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o perfil do registro sanitário de dispositivos intersomáticos ou cages. Atualmente existem 103 cages listados na Anvisa, perfazendo 74 registros válidos, 4 registros cancelados e 25 registros vencidos. Estes registros pertencem a empresas fabricantes nacionais e internacionais e sua composição prevalente é o peek ou titânio. Dessa forma, a análise dos registros apontou que o perfil das empresas detentoras do registro varia em nacionalidade, localização no país e na seleção da matéria prima utilizada na fabricação dos dispositivos.
ANÁLISE DA ADEQUAÇÃO DE EMBALAGENS, BULAS E PEÇAS PUBLICITÁRIAS DE MEDICAMENTOS FITOTERÁPICOS
Authors: Júnior Wanderley do Nascimento , Do Nascimento Wanderson Lima , Costa Debora de Alencar Franco 
Published: April 2019

Medicamentos fitoterápicos são produtos obtidos pelo emprego exclusivo de matéria-prima ativa vegetal, cuja eficácia e segurança são validadas por meio de levantamentos etnofarmacológicos, documentações tecnocientíficas em bibliografia ou publicações indexadas ou por estudos farmacológicos e toxicológicos pré-clínicos e clínicos. Sua qualidade não está vinculada somente a sua segurança e eficácia, mas sim a diversos quesitos que englobam desde os aspectos envolvidos na pesquisa até a sua utilização pelo usuário final. Dentre eles, a embalagem possui um papel preponderante, pois além de fazer parte do produto, serve para prover determinada apresentação, proteção, identificação, informação, aceitabilidade e comodidade do produto durante as fases de desenvolvimento, produção, armazenamento, transporte, exposição e uso. Assim, a embalagem representa um objeto de contato direto entre o produto e o usuário, por isso, suas funções técnicas, estéticas e informativas, devem obedecer à legislação vigente e aos conceitos éticos e morais. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a aplicação da legislação brasileira quanto a embalagem e rotulagem de medicamentos fitoterápicos do mercado nacional e de peças publicitárias relacionadas à venda de fitoterápicos, comparando os resultados obtidos com os de estudos anteriores. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de campo, tendo-se como objeto de avaliação 10 medicamentos fitoterápicos oriundos de diferentes drogarias da cidade de Teresina, PI e 20 peças publicitárias para a realização da análise. As regras passaram a ser mais exercidas em comparação aos resultados obtidos em estudos anteriores.
Lithologic heterogeneity of lacustrine shale and its geological significance for shale hydrocarbon-a case study of Zhangjiatan Shale
Authors: Fan Bojiang , Shi Liang , Li Yating , Zhang Tianjing , Lv Lei , Shikai Tong 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The Zhangjiatan shale of the Southeastern Ordos Basin, which deposits in deep lake facies, has strong lithologic heterogeneity; it represents as shale, sandy laminae shale and thin sandstone. Shale with mm- to cm-scale sandy laminae is defined as Sandy Laminae Shale (SLS). However, the relationship between lithologic heterogeneity and hydrocarbon accumulation has never been studied. This study shows that lithologic heterogeneity, especially the occurrence of SLS will influence the accumulation of hydrocarbons within the shale system. SLS commonly has a larger pore size, higher porosity and better connectivity than thick and homogeneous shale. SLS commonly contains fewer residual hydrocarbons than homogeneous thick shale, indicating comparative ease in hydrocarbon expulsion. SLS commonly generates more bedding fractures. More fractures can be incurred when fracture extending into SLS. The occurrence of SLS can provide more storage spaces for fluids and gases, including oil, water, adsorbed gas, dissolved gas and free gas. SLS has been the pilot exploration and development target for shale hydrocarbon in the southeastern Ordos Basin. Homogeneous and thick shales, which have a large content of residual hydrocarbons, would be the targets for future exploration.
A comparative sorption study of Cr3+ and Cr6+ using mango peels: kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic
Authors: Haq Atta ul , Saeed Muhammad , Usman Muhammad , Yameen Muhammad , Muneer Majid , Tubbsum Saiqa 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe present study investigates a comparative study of the sorption of Cr3+and Cr6+from water using an agricultural by-product; mango peels in batch system under the effect of initial metal ion concentrations, solution pH, temperature, sorbent dose and contact time. Characterization of the mango peels was done before and after sorption of Cr3+and Cr6+using scanning electron microscopy, surface area pore size analyzer and FTIR spectroscopy. The pH study revealed that that maximum removal of Cr3+and Cr6+was obtained at pH 5.0 and 7.0 respectively. Among various kinetic models, pseudo-2ndorder well explained the data owing to the higher values of R2and the nearness between the values of experimental and calculated sorption capacities. The isotherms study revealed that Freundlich is the suitable isotherm for explanation of the equilibrium data due to higher R2values. The monolayer sorption capacity of mango peels was found to be 98.039 mg g-1for Cr3+and 66.666 mg g-1for Cr6+. The spontaneity and exothermic nature of the sorption process of Cr3+and Cr6+using mango peels was reflected from thermodynamic study.
Adolescent characteristics and parenting style as the determinant factors of bullying in Indonesia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Krisnana Ilya , Rachmawati Praba Diyan , Arief Yuni Sufyanti , Kurnia Iqlima Dwi , Nastiti Aria Aulia , Safitri Indah Febriana Nila , Putri Ayu Tria Kartika 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background
The incidence of adolescents bullying in Indonesia has increased. The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation of demographic characteristics, parental interactions and parenting style as the potential determinants of bullying behavior in adolescents.

Method
The research design used was cross-sectional. The study population consisted of adolescents in Indonesia who accessed the Google form, and adolescents who study at a junior high school and a vocational high school in Surabaya. The study sample totaled 705 adolescents based on consecutive sampling with a study period of 3 months. The independent variables were demographic characteristics, parental interactions and parenting style, while the dependent variable was bullying behavior. The data collection method used was a questionnaire filled in by the adolescents through a Google form and a questionnaire sheet. The statistical analysis used the chi-square test for the adolescent’s characteristics and Spearman’s rank correlation with α = 0.05.

Results
The results showed that the characteristics of the adolescents, namely age and place of residence, were related to bullying behavior. A permissive and authoritarian parenting style had a positive correlation with being a bullying perpetrator, while only permissive parenting style had a positive correlation with being a bullying victim.

Conclusion
Adolescents experience bullying behavior as both the perpetrators and victims. Adolescents living in rural areas are more likely to commit bullying as the perpetrators. A parenting style that is either too rigid or too free has a high risk of being a bullying behavior factor as the perpetrator. Parents are expected to apply an authoritative parenting style in order to prevent the risk of bullying in adolescents.
Communities That Care: integrierte Gewaltprävention in der Kommune
Authors: Groeger-Roth Frederick 
Published: April 2019

Zusammenfassung
In dem Beitrag wird die kommunale Präventionsstrategie „Communities That Care (CTC)“ beschrieben. CTC ist ein settingübergreifender Ansatz, mit dessen Hilfe Kommunen integrierte Strategien zur Gewaltprävention und Gesundheitsförderung (weiter-)entwickeln können. Kommunen können mit CTC ihre Präventionsangebote stärker auf die bedeutsamsten Risikofaktoren und Schutzfaktoren für Kinder und Jugendliche fokussieren und evaluierte Präventionsprogramme nachhaltig in den Regeleinrichtungen verankern.
Treatments for child and adolescent victims of sexual violence: are they effective?
Authors: Averdijk Margit 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Sexual violence among children and adolescents can have detrimental consequences. This article presents a brief overview of the current international knowledge base on the effectiveness of treatment programs for child and adolescent victims of sexual violence. Overall, treatment programs show moderate to large beneficial effects on victims’ well-being. Treatments that have a longer duration and shorter sessions are more effective than other treatments. Some of the challenges include that few victims receive treatment and that a considerable number of prior studies does not meet the standards for thorough effectiveness research.
Elevated resting-state connectivity in the medial temporal lobe and the prefrontal cortex among patients with Cushing’s syndrome in remission
Authors: Stomby Andreas , Salami Alireza , Dahlqvist Per , Evang Johan Arild , Ryberg Mats , Bollerslev Jens , Olsson Tommy , Johannsson Gudmundur , Ragnarsson Oskar 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveCushing’s syndrome is associated with long-term cognitive deficits and affective symptoms such as depression and anxiety. The alterations in brain function underlying these deficits after Cushing’s syndrome are unclear and therefore we aimed to explore alterations in resting-state functional connectivity in patients with Cushing’s syndrome in remission.DesignCross-sectional case–control study.MethodsNineteen women with Cushing’s syndrome in remission for a median time of 7 years (IQR: 6–10) and a mean age of 45 years were included at three university clinics. These patients and 38 age-matched female controls underwent brain imaging at a single center. The main outcome measure was functional connectivity at rest, measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsThe medial temporal lobe (MTL) and prefrontal cortex networks, exhibited elevated functional connectivity among patients compared to controls. The degree of elevated functional connectivity in the MTL was negatively associated with time in remission.ConclusionsResting-state functional connectivity within glucocorticoid receptor-rich regions, particularly the MTL and medial prefrontal cortex, was increased in patients. These differences in connectivity may provide a neural basis for the cognitive deficits and affective symptoms commonly experienced by patients with Cushing’s syndrome in remission.
Alluvial-Placer Gold of Northwestern Salair: Composition, Types, and Mineral Microinclusions
Authors: Nevolko P.A. , Kolpakov V.V. , Nesterenko G.V. , Fominykh P.A. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
—On the territory of the Egor’evsk district, 3500 results of probe microanalyses of surface gold particles taken from 17 placers, weathering crusts, and orebodies were processed and summarized. High-fineness and mercury-containing gold is predominantly found within mother lodes and placers, and medium- and low-fineness gold is distributed in subordinate and dramatically subordinate quantities, especially in the placers. A unique feature of the gold composition, rarely occurring in other districts, is the constant and commonly simultaneous presence of mercury and copper impurities. Analysis of Ag, Hg, and Cu content variations has enabled us to identify five main grades of gold. The mother lodes of the predominant gold grades are metasomatites with beresite and listwaenite compositions, which are developed primarily after lower Cambrian volcanoterrigenous-carbonate rocks and ore-bearing mafic dikes. Mercury-containing gold is characteristic of beresites, but copper-bearing gold is typical of listwaenites. The relationship between corresponding grades of surface and ore gold is confirmed by the presence of microinclusions in the gold grains. Nonconformity between the content of gold from mother loads, weathering crusts, and placers is explained by the losses of Hg and Ag impurities by endogenous gold under subsurface hypergene conditions. Identification of mineral-geochemical properties of surface gold is of exceptional practical importance in ore-grade gold mineralization prediction.
Geologic and Geochemical Features of Cretaceous Ge-Bearing Lignites in the Yenisei Middle Reaches
Authors: Naidko V.I. , Makarov V.A. , Koz’min D.G. , Shimanskii A.F. , Fertikov A.I. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
—Integrated geological and geochemical studies were performed for lignite from the Yenisei middle reaches, represented by carbonized fragments of trees with high germanium contents. Geochemical characteristics of terrigenous sediments with Ge-bearing lignite are determined. The chemical and mineral compositions, textures, and structures of carbonized wood fragments were studied. Scanning of individual cross sections of lignite fragments has revealed a regular distribution of germanium and impurity elements. Consistent patterns of the formation of Ge-containing lignites have been established, as well as the processes of their posthydrothermal transformation, which led to the impoverishment of the primary contents of the valuable component and to the input of a number of impurity elements. The latter formed rims over the lignite fragments and microveinlets with sulfide mineralization. The hypothesis has been put forward that germanium mineralization formed in lignites of the Kas basin, in particular, the Serchanskoe deposit.
Twenty Years with Personalized Medicine: Past, Present, and Future of Individualized Pharmacotherapy
Authors: Jørgensen Jan Trøst 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

On April 16, 1999, a short article appeared in The Wall Street Journal entitled “New Era of Personalized Medicine: Targeting Drugs for Each Unique Genetic Profile,” and here, the public was introduced to the term “personalized medicine” for the first time. A few months after publication of the article, it was reprinted in The Oncologist. The article describes the formation of the Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Consortium, which was established as a collaboration between a number of major pharmaceutical companies and several academic research institutions, with support from the Wellcome Trust Foundation. Reading the article today, one will find that several of the important arguments for an individualized therapy are described in a similar way as we have known it from the past 20 years of discussion. The article mentioned the poor efficacy of the current pharmacotherapy, disease heterogeneity, and genetic variability, a showdown with the “one-size-fits-all” approach, and the use of predictive safety and efficacy biomarkers. Today, personal medicine is in competition with other terms such as “precision medicine” and “stratified medicine” and is no longer the preferred term for describing the individualized health care approach. Even though personalized medicine arose from the idea of improving and individualizing pharmacotherapy, the concept has influenced most other areas of our health care system. No matter if we use the term precision medicine or personalized medicine, the ideas that originated 20 years ago have greatly impacted the way we develop and implement new initiatives in relation to diagnosis, prevention, and treatment today.
Rafadan Tayfa Çizgi Filminin Milli ve Evrensel Değerler Açısından Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ŞENTÜRK Şener , KESKİN Ayfer 
Published: April 2019

Bu
Araştırmada “Rafadan Tayfa” adlı çizgi filmin milli ve evrensel değerler
açısından değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Doküman incelemesine dayanan
araştırmada filmin&nbsp; 20 bölümü
incelenmiştir. Verilerin analizinde Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı tarafından
hazırlanmış olan kök değerlerden hareketle oluşturulan “içerik değerlendirme
formu” kullanılmıştır. Filmde içeriğin en çok hangi değerlerle
ilişkilendirildiği frekans ve yüzde ile sayısallaştırılarak sunulmuştur.
Verilerin analizinde, evrensel değerlere ilişkin görsel sunumun milli
değerlerin iki katı olduğu; milli değerlere ilişkin, gelenekler, mekanlar,
kültürel miras, milli ve dini bayramlar; evrensel değerlere ilişkin,
yardımseverlik, sevgi, saygı, dostluk değerlerinin ön plana çıktığı; milli ve
evrensel kök değerlerin tamamına değinildiği görülmüştür. Bu doğrultuda filmin
değerler üretimi ve aktarımı konusunda ciddi bir rol üstlendiği söylenebilir