bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Composite Cellularized Structures Created from an Interpenetrating Polymer Network Hydrogel Reinforced by a 3D Woven Scaffold
Authors: Moffat Kristen L. , Goon Kelsey , Moutos Franklin T. , Estes Bradley T. , Oswald Sara J. , Zhao Xuanhe , Guilak Farshid 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBiomaterial scaffolds play multiple roles in cartilage tissue engineering, including controlling architecture of newly formed tissue while facilitating growth of embedded cells and simultaneously providing functional properties to withstand the mechanical environment within the native joint. In particular, hydrogels—with high water content and desirable transport properties—while highly conducive to chondrogenesis, often lack functional mechanical properties. In this regard, interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogels can provide mechanical toughness greatly exceeding that of individual components; however, many IPN materials are not biocompatible for cell encapsulation. In this study, an agarose and poly(ethylene) glycol IPN hydrogel is seeded with human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Results show high viability of MSCs within the IPN hydrogel, with improved mechanical properties compared to constructs comprised of individual components. These properties are further strengthened by integrating the hydrogel with a 3D woven structure. The resulting fiber‐reinforced hydrogels display functional macroscopic mechanical properties mimicking those of native articular cartilage, while providing a local microenvironment that supports cellular viability and function. These findings suggest that a fiber‐reinforced IPN hydrogel can support stem cell chondrogenesis while allowing for significantly enhanced, complex mechanical properties at multiple scales as compared to individual hydrogel or fiber components.
Finite satisfiability for two‐variable, first‐order logic with one transitive relation is decidable
Authors: Pratt‐Hartmann Ian 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe consider two‐variable, first‐order logic in which a single distinguished predicate is required to be interpreted as a transitive relation. We show that the finite satisfiability problem for this logic is decidable in triply exponential non‐deterministic time. Complexity falls to doubly exponential non‐deterministic time if the transitive relation is constrained to be a partial order.
Ice‐Templated Poly(vinyl alcohol): Enhanced Strength and Low Thermal Conductivity
Authors: Voges Kevin , Hübner Christian , Vadalá Miriana , Lupascu Doru C. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe freeze‐casting technique has been used for a variety of materials to tailor their pore structure. The growing ice crystals act as a template for the subsequent voids present in the body. While it is mostly used for inorganic oxide materials, the method is also applicable to polymers like poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). The synthesized materials have an aligned anisotropic pore structure which significantly influences the mechanical behavior and the thermal conductivity. Glutaraldehyde (GA) can be used as a cross‐linking agent to reduce the water solubility of the PVA samples. The composition‐dependent thermal conductivities are measured, and found to be 0.055–0.078 W m−1 K−1 parallel to the freezing direction and 0.048–0.058 W m−1 K−1 in the transverse direction. The scaffold‐like structure resembling the hydroxyapatite structures in bones yields high strength values in the axial direction well exceeding that of common unsupported building insulation materials.
Inverse spectral problem for the operators with non‐local potential
Authors: Zolotarev Vladimir A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe main object under consideration in the paper is the second derivative operator on a finite interval with zero boundary conditions perturbed by a self‐adjoint integral operator with the degenerate kernel (non‐local potential). The inverse problem, i.e., the reconstruction of the perturbation from the spectral data, is solved by means of the step‐by‐step procedure based on the n‐interlacing property of the spectrum.
An algebraic formula for the index of a ‐form on a real quotient singularity
Authors: Ebeling Wolfgang , Gusein‐Zade Sabir M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLet a finite abelian group G act (linearly) on the space and thus on its complexification . Let W be the real part of the quotient (in general ). We give an algebraic formula for the radial index of a 1‐form on the real quotient W. It is shown that this index is equal to the signature of the restriction of the residue pairing to the G‐invariant part of . For a G‐invariant function f, one has the so‐called quantum cohomology group defined in the quantum singularity theory (FJRW‐theory). We show that, for a real function f, the signature of the residue pairing on the real part of the quantum cohomology group is equal to the orbifold index of the 1‐form on the preimage of W under the natural quotient map.
Polymerization‐Induced Self‐Assembly (PISA) of 1,5‐Cyclooctadiene Using Ring Opening Metathesis Polymerization
Authors: Torres‐Rocha Olga Lidia , Wu Xiaowei , Zhu Chunyang , Crudden Cathleen M. , Cunningham Michael F. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRing opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) is a technique that allows the synthesis of well‐defined linear polyolefins. Polymerization‐induced self‐assembly (PISA) involves the synthesis of amphiphilic block copolymers: a hydrophilic block is first polymerized homogeneously in solution (usually water) followed by polymerization of a second hydrophobic block, resulting in a diblock copolymer that self‐assembles. In this communication, preliminary results of the development of PISA for the synthesis of amphiphilic block linear polyolefins via ROMP using a water‐soluble PEGylated ruthenium alkylidene catalyst are presented. In the first step, a water‐soluble modified‐norbornene monomer was polymerized in water, then 1,5‐cyclooctadiene was added to the system to produce amphiphilic block polyolefins. By varying the concentrations of hydrophilic versus hydrophobic monomer, stable latexes with final particles of ≈200 nm diameter were prepared.
A Numerical Simulation of Enhanced Mixing of a Non‐Newtonian Fluid in a Cavity with Asymmetric Non‐Twin Rotors
Authors: Xu Baiping , Liu Yao , Yu Huiwen , Turng Lih‐Sheng , Liu Chuntai 
Published: July 2018

AbstractNovel non‐twin rotors are developed to introduce a symmetry break to enhance the mixing in a cavity. The novel rotors co‐rotate and have different geometries with a speed ratio of 2. Numerical simulations are carried out using a finite element scheme with the mesh superposition technique. The time‐dependent flow field of a non‐Newtonian fluid obeying the Bird–Carreau constitutive model is solved. Mixing details are analyzed with regard to particle tracking, tracer evolution, an invariance index, and the Manas‐Zloczower mixing index. The numerical results reveal that the bifurcation (cutting) action occur in the clearance between the rotors when the strips of material closely approach the upper and lower intermeshing zones. A similar Baker’s transformation is found to control the whole mixing process, especially in the non‐twin group where asymmetric rotors provide more opportunity to achieve the cutting and reorientation of fluid striations. The results confirm that the new geometry provide better distributive and dispersive mixing than the commonly used traditional twin rotors.
Personalized molecular modeling for pinpointing associations of protein dysfunction and variants associated with hereditary cancer syndromes
Authors: Macklin Sarah , Mohammed Ahmed , Jackson Jessica , Hines Stephanie L. , Atwal Paldeep S. , Caulfield Thomas 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the process of reclassification of a variant of uncertain significance can be complex, they are commonly detected through molecular testing. It often takes years before enough clinical data are acquired, and it can be costly and time‐consuming to perform functional analysis of a single variant. It is important that other tools are developed to aid in clarifying how a specific genetic variant impacts a protein's function, and ultimately the health of the patient.MethodsTwo more newly characterized, suspected pathogenic variants in NBN and PTEN were analyzed through personalized protein modeling. Comparisons between the wild‐type and altered protein were studied using simulations, genomic exome analysis, and clinic study.ResultsModeling of the new NBN and PTEN protein structures suggested loss of essential domains important for normal enzymatic function for these personalized genomic examples which matched the clinical findings.ConclusionThe defects detected through modeling were consistent with the expected clinical effect. Personalized protein modeling is another tool for determination of correct variant classification, which can become further useful through construction of deposition archive.
Evaluating the Efficiency of Pulsed Gastric Lavage for Age-0 Walleyes
Authors: Blankman Trevor , Ball Emily E. , Weber Michael J. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Assessing fish diets through stomach content analysis leads to advances in the understanding of trophic dynamics, predation rates, and prey availability for fish populations. Although pulsed gastric lavage (PGL) is an effective nonlethal technique for sampling stomach contents of adult fishes, variable effectiveness has been reported for age-0 fishes. Our objective was to assess the efficiency of PGL on age-0 Walleyes Sander vitreus. Stomach contents were extracted from 49 age-0 Walleyes with PGL using three 140-mL syringes filled with purified water. After PGL, age-0 Walleyes were euthanized and returned to the laboratory, and stomachs were removed and rinsed with water to check for remaining stomach contents. No injuries or deaths were observed during the PGL process. Only 4 of 49 age-0 Walleye stomachs (8.2%) contained no prey items after PGL and dissection and therefore were not included in analysis. Of the 45 stomachs containing prey, only three stomachs (6.7%) still contained prey items after PGL; thus, PGL successfully removed all prey in 93.3% of stomachs containing prey items. Of the 45 stomachs containing prey items, 71.1% contained fish, 44.4% contained benthic invertebrates, and 48.9% contained zooplankton. Individual age-0 Walleyes consumed an average of one fish (SD = 1), three benthic invertebrates (SD = 7), and four zooplankton (SD = 7). Pulsed gastric lavage recovered an average of 98.7% (SD = 6.4%) of total prey by number from age-0 Walleyes. Mean percent recovery was 97.3% (95% CI = 4.2) for fish, 100% (95% CI = 0) for benthic invertebrates, and 99.5% (95% CI = 0.9) for zooplankton. Removal efficiency of PGL was not strongly correlated to the total number of consumed prey items per individual for fish, benthic invertebrates, or zooplankton nor to age-0 Walleye TL. Combined, these results suggest that PGL is an effective nonlethal technique for recovering stomach contents of age-0 Walleyes.
New fluid approaches for studying the performance of elastic traffic under class based weighed fair queuing system
Authors: Boussada Mohamed El Hedi , Garcia Jean Marie , Frikha Mounir 
Published: July 2018

SummaryAlthough TCP is typically designed to carry data (transfer of documents such as files or web pages), it is also suitable, today, for transporting most commercial video‐streaming traffic such as YouTube or Netflix traffic. The class‐based weighted fair queuing is still an important router discipline that allows different classes of elastic flows (generally, TCP flows) to be transported together in a truly converged network. Such system has been extensively studied in packet level by evaluating several criteria of effectiveness such as the mean queue length and the average queue waiting time, without proposing a general model that captures the flow‐level dynamics and the real coupling aspect between different queues. Moreover, most studies limited their works to a simple two‐queue system where performance evaluation is very much easier. Even the few works focusing on providing extended results did not give accurate results for very loaded systems. Proposed packet‐level models seem, then, to be not convenient to predict the performance of large‐scale operator networks with millions of users, millions of flows, and unexpected user behaviors. This paper aims to overcome these limitations by presenting new analytical explicit mathematical expressions evaluating the flow‐level performance metrics of elastic traffic under a general class‐based weighted fair queuing system. The core of our analysis is based on some approximations proven for balanced fairness allocation, which provides a reasonable framework for estimating bandwidth sharing among elastic traffic for best‐effort allocations. Detailed packet level simulations are used to verify the accuracy and the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.
Can we distinguish respiratory viral infections based on clinical features? A prospective pediatric cohort compared to systematic literature review
Authors: Ma Xiaolin , Conrad Tim , Alchikh Maren , Reiche Janine , Schweiger Brunhilde , Rath Barbara 
Published: July 2018

SummaryStudies have shown that the predictive value of “clinical diagnoses” of influenza and other respiratory viral infections is low, especially in children. In routine care, pediatricians often resort to clinical diagnoses, even in the absence of robust evidence‐based criteria.We used a dual approach to identify clinical characteristics that may help to differentiate infections with common pathogens including influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, metapneumovirus, rhinovirus, bocavirus‐1, coronaviruses, or parainfluenza virus: (a) systematic review and meta‐analysis of 47 clinical studies published in Medline (June 1996 to March 2017, PROSPERO registration number: CRD42017059557) comprising 49 858 individuals and (b) data‐driven analysis of an inception cohort of 6073 children with ILI (aged 0‐18 years, 56% male, December 2009 to March 2015) examined at the point of care in addition to blinded PCR testing. We determined pooled odds ratios for the literature analysis and compared these to odds ratios based on the clinical cohort dataset.This combined analysis suggested significant associations between influenza and fever or headache, as well as between respiratory syncytial virus infection and cough, dyspnea, and wheezing. Similarly, literature and cohort data agreed on significant associations between HMPV infection and cough, as well as adenovirus infection and fever. Importantly, none of the abovementioned features were unique to any particular pathogen but were also observed in association with other respiratory viruses.In summary, our “real‐world” dataset confirmed published literature trends, but no individual feature allows any particular type of viral infection to be ruled in or ruled out. For the time being, laboratory confirmation remains essential. More research is needed to develop scientifically validated decision models to inform best practice guidelines and targeted diagnostic algorithms.
Complexity in hydroecological modelling: A comparison of stepwise selection and information theory
Authors: Visser Annie Gallagher , Beevers Lindsay , Patidar Sandhya 
Published: July 2018

AbstractUnderstanding of the hydroecological relationship is vital to maintaining the health of the river and thus its ecosystem. Stepwise selection is widely used to develop numerical models which represent these processes. Increasingly, however, there are questions over the suitability of the approach, and coupled with the increasing complexity of hydroecological modelling, there is a real need to consider alternative approaches. In this study, stepwise selection and information theory are employed to develop models which represent two realizations of the system which recognizes increasing complexity. The two approaches are assessed in terms of model structure, modelling error, and model (statistical) uncertainty. The results appear initially inconclusive, with the information theory approach leading to a reduction in modelling error but greater uncertainty. A Monte Carlo approach, used to explore this uncertainty, revealed modelling errors to be only slightly more distributed for the information theory approach. Consideration of the philosophical underpinnings of the two approaches provides greater clarity. Statistical uncertainty, as measured by information theory, will always be greater due to its consideration of two sources, parameter and model selection. Consequently, by encompassing greater information, the measure of statistical uncertainty is more realistic, making an information theory approach more reflective of the complexity in real‐world applications.
Ag3PO4‐MIL‐53(Fe) Composites with Visible‐Light‐Enhanced Photocatalytic Activities for Rhodamine B Degradation
Authors: Han Yide , Shi Huilei , Bai Chunpeng , Zhang Lianxia , Wu Junbiao , Meng Hao , Xu Yan , Zhang Xia 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAg3PO4/MIL‐53(Fe) composites were successfully synthesized via a facile grinding method. The resulting Ag3PO4/MIL‐53(Fe) composites exhibited excellent photocatalytic activities for Rhodamine B (RhB) degradation. Under visible light irradiation, RhB was completely decomposed after 90 min. Further experimental results revealed that the introduction of Ag3PO4 might inhibit the recombination of photogenerated electron‐hole pairs in the system. Through the grinding process, the effective interfacial contact between Ag3PO4 and MIL‐53(Fe) and more active sites were achieved, which are beneficial for the improvement of photocatalytic performance. In addition, a possible photocatalytic mechanism was proposed and the stability of photocatalyst was investigated in detail.
Selective Production of Benzaldehyde Using Metal‐Free Reduced Graphene Oxide/Carbon Nitride Hybrid Photocatalysts
Authors: Lima Maria J. , Pastrana‐Martínez Luisa M. , Sampaio Maria J. , Dražić Goran , Silva Adrián M. T. , Faria Joaquim L. , Silva Cláudia G. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBenzyl alcohol was selectively oxidized to benzaldehyde in aqueous solution, at ambient conditions of temperature and pressure, by using a photocatalytic approach, with two types of irradiation sources, namely monochromatic UV−A light (392 nm) and visible light (400‐700 nm). Conversion after 4 h of reaction was more efficient under UV than under visible, with selectivity in excess of 80% for both irradiating sources. Composites of graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) containing small amounts of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) (up to 1 wt.%) were used as photocatalysts. The presence of rGO was confirmed by spectroscopic and microscopic analyses. Results show that small amounts of rGO phase can considerably enhance the photocatalytic activity of g‐C3N4 based catalysts, the best load being 0.10 wt.%. This improvement is attributed to the critical modification of morphological and electronic properties provided by the presence of rGO.
Elucidating the Influences of Size, Surface Chemistry, and Dynamic Flow on Cellular Association of Nanoparticles Made by Polymerization‐Induced Self‐Assembly
Authors: Khor Song Yang , Vu Mai N. , Pilkington Emily H. , Johnston Angus P. R. , Whittaker Michael R. , Quinn John F. , Truong Nghia P. , Davis Thomas P. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe size and surface chemistry of nanoparticles dictate their interactions with biological systems. However, it remains unclear how these key physicochemical properties affect the cellular association of nanoparticles under dynamic flow conditions encountered in human vascular networks. Here, the facile synthesis of novel fluorescent nanoparticles with tunable sizes and surface chemistries and their association with primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) is reported. First, a one‐pot polymerization‐induced self‐assembly (PISA) methodology is developed to covalently incorporate a commercially available fluorescent dye into the nanoparticle core and tune nanoparticle size and surface chemistry. To characterize cellular association under flow, HUVECs are cultured onto the surface of a synthetic microvascular network embedded in a microfluidic device (SynVivo, INC). Interestingly, increasing the size of carboxylic acid–functionalized nanoparticles leads to higher cellular association under static conditions but lower cellular association under flow conditions, whereas increasing the size of tertiary amine–decorated nanoparticles results in a higher level of cellular association, under both static and flow conditions. These findings provide new insights into the interactions between polymeric nanomaterials and endothelial cells. Altogether, this work establishes innovative methods for the facile synthesis and biological characterization of polymeric nanomaterials for various potential applications.
Advection Flows‐Enhanced Magnetic Separation for High‐Throughput Bacteria Separation from Undiluted Whole Blood
Authors: Jung Su Hyun , Hahn Young Ki , Oh Sein , Kwon Seyong , Um Eujin , Choi Sungyoung , Kang Joo H. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA major challenge to scale up a microfluidic magnetic separator for extracorporeal blood cleansing applications is to overcome low magnetic drag velocity caused by viscous blood components interfering with magnetophoresis. Therefore, there is an unmet need to develop an effective method to position magnetic particles to the area of augmented magnetic flux density gradients while retaining clinically applicable throughput. Here, a magnetophoretic cell separation device, integrated with slanted ridge‐arrays in a microfluidic channel, is reported. The slanted ridges patterned in the microfluidic channels generate spiral flows along the microfluidic channel. The cells bound with magnetic particles follow trajectories of the spiral streamlines and are repeatedly transferred in a transverse direction toward the area adjacent to a ferromagnetic nickel structure, where they are exposed to a highly augmented magnetic force of 7.68 µN that is much greater than the force (0.35 pN) at the side of the channel furthest from the nickel structure. With this approach, 91.68% ± 2.18% of Escherichia coli (E. coli) bound with magnetic nanoparticles are successfully separated from undiluted whole blood at a flow rate of 0.6 mL h−1 in a single microfluidic channel, whereas only 23.98% ± 6.59% of E. coli are depleted in the conventional microfluidic device.
Microservices migration patterns
Authors: Balalaie Armin , Heydarnoori Abbas , Jamshidi Pooyan , Tamburri Damian A. , Lynn Theo 
Published: July 2018

SummaryMicroservices architectures are becoming the defacto standard for building continuously deployed systems. At the same time, there is a substantial growth in the demand for migrating on‐premise legacy applications to the cloud. In this context, organizations tend to migrate their traditional architectures into cloud‐native architectures using microservices. This article reports a set of migration and rearchitecting design patterns that we have empirically identified and collected from industrial‐scale software migration projects. These migration patterns can help information technology organizations plan their migration projects toward microservices more efficiently and effectively. In addition, the proposed patterns facilitate the definition of migration plans by pattern composition. Qualitative empirical research is used to evaluate the validity of the proposed patterns. Our findings suggest that the proposed patterns are evident in other architectural refactoring and migration projects and strong candidates for effective patterns in system migrations.