bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential premalignant status of gastric portion excluded after Roux en-Y gastric bypass in obese women: A pilot study
Authors: Ravacci Graziela Rosa , Ishida Robson , Torrinhas Raquel Suzana , Sala Priscila , Machado Natasha Mendonça , Fonseca Danielle Cristina , André Baptista Canuto Gisele , Pinto Ernani , Nascimento Viviane , Franco Maggi Tavares Marina , Sakai Paulo , Faintuch Joel , Santo Marco Aurelio , Moura Eduardo Guimarães Hourneaux , Neto Ricardo Artigiani , Logullo Angela Flávia , Waitzberg Dan Linetzky 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe evaluated whether the excluded stomach (ES) after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) can represent a premalignant environment. Twenty obese women were prospectively submitted to double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) with gastric juice and biopsy collection, before and 3 months after RYGB. We then evaluated morphological and molecular changes by combining endoscopic and histopathological analyses with an integrated untargeted metabolomics and transcriptomics multiplatform. Preoperatively, 16 women already presented with gastric histopathological alterations and an increased pH (≥4.0). These gastric abnormalities worsened after RYGB. A 90-fold increase in the concentration of bile acids was found in ES fluid, which also contained other metabolites commonly found in the intestinal environment, urine, and faeces. In addition, 135 genes were differentially expressed in ES tissue. Combined analysis of metabolic and gene expression data suggested that RYGB promoted activation of biological processes involved in local inflammation, bacteria overgrowth, and cell proliferation sustained by genes involved in carcinogenesis. Accumulated fluid in the ES appears to behave as a potential premalignant environment due to worsening inflammation and changing gene expression patterns that are favorable to the development of cancer. Considering that ES may remain for the rest of the patient’s life, long-term ES monitoring is therefore recommended for patients undergoing RYGB.
Mesoporous halloysite nanotubes modified by CuFe2O4 spinel ferrite nanoparticles and study of its application as a novel and efficient heterogeneous catalyst in the synthesis of pyrazolopyridine derivatives
Authors: Maleki Ali , Hajizadeh Zoleikha , Salehi Peyman 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this study, mesoporous halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were modified by CuFe2O4 nanoparticles for the first time. The morphology, porosity and chemistry of the CuFe2O4@HNTs nanocomposite were fully characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) image, transmission electron microscope (TEM) images, energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) adsorption-desorption isotherm, thermogravimetric (TG) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) curve analyses. The results confirmed that CuFe2O4 with tetragonal structure, uniform distribution, and less agglomeration was located at HNTs. CuFe2O4@HNTs nanocomposite special features were high thermal stability, crystalline structure, and respectable magnetic property. SEM and TEM results showed the nanotube structure and confirmed the stability of basic tube in the synthetic process. Also, inner diameters of tubes were increased in calcination temperature at 500 °C. A good magnetic property of CuFe2O4@HNTs led to use it as a heterogeneous catalyst in the synthesis of pyrazolopyridine derivatives. High efficiency, green media, mild reaction conditions and easily recovery of the nanocatalyst are some advantages of this protocol.
MXenes with tunable work functions and their application as electron- and hole-transport materials in non-fullerene organic solar cells
Authors: Yu Zhimeng , Feng Wei , Lu Wanheng , Li Bichen , Yao Hongyan , Zeng Kaiyang , Ouyang Jianyong 
Published: April 2019

The work function of 2D Ti3C2Tx can be tuned in a range from 4.08 to 4.95 eV.
Novel long-chain neurotoxins from Bungarus candidus distinguish the two binding sites in muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
Authors: Utkin Yuri N. , Kuch Ulrich , Kasheverov Igor E. , Lebedev Dmitry S. , Cederlund Ella , Molles Brian E. , Polyak Iakov , Ivanov Igor A. , Prokopev Nikita A. , Ziganshin Rustam H. , Jornvall Hans , Alvelius Gunvor , Chanhome Lawan , Warrell David A. , Mebs Dietrich , Bergman Tomas , Tsetlin Victor I. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
αδ-Bungarotoxins, a novel group of long-chain α-neurotoxins, manifest different affinity to two agonist/competitive antagonist binding sites of muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), being more active at the interface of α–δ subunits. Three isoforms (αδ-BgTx-1–3) were identified in Malayan Krait (Bungarus candidus) from Thailand by genomic DNA analysis; two of them (αδ-BgTx-1 and 2) were isolated from its venom. The toxins comprise 73 amino acid residues and 5 disulfide bridges, being homologous to α-bungarotoxin (α-BgTx), a classical blocker of muscle-type and neuronal α7, α8, and α9α10 nAChRs. The toxicity of αδ-BgTx-1 (LD50 = 0.17–0.28 µg/g mouse, i.p. injection) is essentially as high as that of α-BgTx. In the chick biventer cervicis nerve–muscle preparation, αδ-BgTx-1 completely abolished acetylcholine response, but in contrast with the block by α-BgTx, acetylcholine response was fully reversible by washing. αδ-BgTxs, similar to α-BgTx, bind with high affinity to α7 and muscle-type nAChRs. However, the major difference of αδ-BgTxs from α-BgTx and other naturally occurring α-neurotoxins is that αδ-BgTxs discriminate the two binding sites in the Torpedo californica and mouse muscle nAChRs showing up to two orders of magnitude higher affinity for the α–δ site as compared with α–ε or α–γ binding site interfaces. Molecular modeling and analysis of the literature provided possible explanations for these differences in binding mode; one of the probable reasons being the lower content of positively charged residues in αδ-BgTxs. Thus, αδ-BgTxs are new tools for studies on nAChRs.
Fluoxetine suppresses inflammatory reaction in microglia under OGD/R challenge via modulation of NF-κB signaling
Authors: Tian Mouli , Yang Mei , Li Zhenjie , Wang Yiru , Chen Wei , Yang Liye , Li Yonghua , Yuan Hongbin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory role of fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, in microglia (MG) and the mechanisms under oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R). An OGD/R model on BV-2 cells was used for the study of microglia under ischemia/reperfusion injury in ischemic stroke. Lentiviral transfection was applied to knock down IκB-α. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for detecting levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, and real-time PCR was used to assess the expression of IκB-α protein. Western blotting was applied to analyze NF-κB-signaling related proteins and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) was used for assessing cell viability. Molecular docking and drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) assay were used for the detection of the interaction between IκB-α and fluoxetine. We found that fluoxetine decreased the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in supernatant as well as NF-κB subunits p65 and p50 in BV-2 cells under OGD/R. Fluoxetine significantly increased the level of IκB-α through the inhibition of IκB-α ubiquitylation and promoted the bonding of IκB-α and fluoxetine in BV-2 cells under OGD/R. Knocking down IκB-α attenuated the decreasing effect of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 as well as p65 and p50 in BV-2 cells under OGD/R led to by fluoxetine. In conclusion, our present study demonstrated the anti-inflammatory role of fluoxetine and its mechanisms related to the modulation of NF-κB-related signaling in MG under ischemia/reperfusion challenge.
Reading in Arabic: How Well Does the Standard Model Apply?
Authors: Tibi Sana , Kirby John R. 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
We investigated the cognitive and linguistic processes that underlie reading in Arabic in relation to a well-defined theoretical framework of reading and the factors that underlie reading.

Method
The sample was 201 (101 boys, 100 girls) 3rd-grade Arabic-speaking children. Children were administered measures of Vocabulary, Phonological Awareness (PA), Naming Speed, Orthographic Processing, Morphological Awareness (MA), Memory, Nonverbal Ability, and 5 reading outcomes. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted for each of the 5 reading outcomes to investigate the predictors of children's reading.

Results
Each of the constructs explained unique variance when added to the model. In the final models, PA was the strongest predictor of all outcomes, followed by MA. In a follow-up analysis, participants were divided into good and poor decoders, based on their Pseudoword Reading scores. Good decoders outscored poor decoders on every measure. Within-group regression analyses indicated that poor decoders relied on more component processes than good decoders, suggesting a lack of automaticity. Variance in reading outcomes was better predicted for poor decoders than for good decoders.

Conclusion
These results indicate that standard predictors apply well to Arabic, showing the particular importance of PA and MA. Longitudinal and instructional studies are required to determine developmental patterns and ways to improve reading performance.
Flash ADC‐based digital LDO with non‐linear decoder and exponential‐ratio array
Authors: Ding Zhendong , Xu Xinyu , Song Haixin , Rhee Woogeun , Wang Zhihua 
Published: April 2019

This Letter presents a digital low‐dropout regulator (LDO) that achieves fast transient response with a flash ADC‐based parallel comparison. A non‐linear decoder is employed in the flash ADC to further enhance the transient response. In the design of the power switch array, an exponential‐ratio array (ERA) is adopted for high load driving capacity. The proposed digital LDO implemented in 65‐nm CMOS achieves a load range of 0.04–82.7 mA when the input voltage and the output voltage are 1.0 and 0.9 V, respectively. The digital LDO achieves a settling time of 6 μs with a load step of 48 mA, exhibiting the state‐of‐the‐art normalised settling time for the clock frequency of 1 MHz.
Interaction of quantum systems with environment in QCD
Authors: Kuvshinov Viatcheslav , Shaparau Valery , Bagashov Eugene 
Published: April 2019

It is shown that the interaction of quark with the stochastic vacuum of QCD (considered as an environment) leads to the decoherence of quark colour state, associated with the loss of information on the initial quark colour. We propose to consider this process as a reason of the confinement of the quark colour. Asymptotically this leads to confined quarks (fully mixed colourless quark states) in the limit of large distances and time intervals (confinement region) and free coloured quarks in the limit of small distances and time intervals (asymptotic freedom).
We propose quantitative characteristics that allow to describe the process of interaction: purity, fidelity, von Neumann entropy, quantum information measure. The cases of two and arbitrary number of quarks are considered, and it is shown that the entanglement in such system disappears in the limit of large distances and time intervals. The process is in good agreement with the known theorems in quantum information theory (no-cloning and no-hiding).
We study non-perturbative evolution of the gluon colour states during short time. Fluctuations of gluons are less than those for coherent states. This fact suggests that there gluon squeezed states can arise. Theoretical justification for the occurrence both singe- and two-mode gluon squeezing effects in QCD is given.
We show that gluon entangled states which are closely related with two-mode squeezed states of gluon fields can appear at short time non-perturbative evolution by analogy with corresponding photon states in quantum optics.
Recent results of strong interaction program from NA61/SHINE experiment at CERN SPS
Authors: Melkumov Georgy 
Published: April 2019

The NA61/SHINE experiment at the CERN SPS pursues a rich program of strong interactions. The main physics goals of this program are the study of properties of the onset of deconfinement and search for the signatures of the critical point of strongly interacting matter by performing the two-dimensional scan in a broad region of energy (beam momentum 13A-158A GeV/c) and system size (p+p, Be+Be, Ar+Sc and Xe+La).
Recent NA61/SHINE results on particle spectra and event-by-event fluctuations in p+p, Be+Be and Ar+Sc collisions are shown with emphasis on the measurements of particle ratios, namely of pion a strangeness production, multiplicity fluctuations versus energy and the system size of colliding nuclei.
It will be shown that the hadron production properties in heavy ion collisions which change rapidly in the low SPS energy domain and are interpreted as the beginning of quark-gluon plasma production – onset of deconfinement could be also the case in inelastic p+p interactions and probably in Be+Be collisions.
The paper presents a selection of NA61/SHINE results on particle production properties discussed together with existing data from the NA49 collaboration. The evolution of non-monotonic structures in the pion and strangeness production as a function of the system size and energy is addressed. The rapid change of hadron production properties from p+p and Be+Be up to Ar+Sc and Pb+Pb collisions can be interpreted as the beginning of the large clusters formation of strongly interacting matter - the onset of fireball.
The NA61/SHINE strong interaction programme is presented including the recent status on proton intermittency analysis and strongly intensive fluctuation observables of particle multiplicity and transverse momentum.
Impact of average neutron energy on the fast neutron fluency measurement by Np237 fission to capture ratio and reverse dark current of planar silicon detector methods
Authors: Szuta M. , Kilim S. , Strugalska-Gola E. , Bielewicz M. , Zamyatin N.I. , Shafronowskaya A.I. , Tyutyunnikov S. , Milewicz-Zalewska M. 
Published: April 2019

This work is a subsequent step to study the feasibility of fast neutron fluency measurements using two different complementary methods.
Np-237 samples and planar silicon detectors were mounted very close to each other on different sections of a subcritical assembly irradiated with the proton beam of 0,66 GeV (the Quinta assembly at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia) to provide both samples with the same neutron fluency. We have processed the experimental data of irradiated Np-237 actinide samples and silicon detectors directly placed on two sections of the QUINTA setup without a lead shield-reflector.
Applying the try and error method we have found found that the neutron energy for which the ratio of the fission cross section to the capture cross section of the actinide Np-237 from the nuclear data base is equal to the measured ratio of the fissioned and captured actinide isotopes. The retrieved distinct fission and capture cross sections for the distinct neutron energy from the nuclear data base describe the average values.
The considered above experimental and earlier obtained data have been shown that the higher is the average neutron energy the smaller is the difference of the neutron fluency measurement between the two methods. This effect has been expected since the silicon detector method efficiently measures the fast neutrons of the energy higher than about 170 keV while the actinide method covers a wider energy range.
Yield of biliary stent cytology: Is it time to think lean?
Authors: Alagappan Muthuraman , Darras Natasha , Yang Lauren , Vanderlaan Paul , Mizrahi Meir , Sawhney Mandeep , Pleskow Douglas , Berzin Tyler 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background and study aims During evaluation of pancreaticobiliary strictures, it is common practice to send biliary stents for cytologic analysis. However, in recent years, complementary tissue acquisition techniques ranging from cholangioscopy to fine-needle biopsy have improved the ability to acquire tissue and diagnose malignancy. Data are limited on the current diagnostic yield and cost effectiveness of biliary stent analysis.
Patients and methods We performed a retrospective study of all pancreaticobiliary stents sent for analysis in a tertiary care academic medical center from June 2013 to September 2016. Patient demographics, stent information, and final diagnosis history were collected through chart review. Costs were determined using published reimbursement rates for Medicare.
Results Two hundred thirty-one stents from 175 patients were sent for cytologic analysis during the study period. Of the 62 stents obtained from patients ultimately diagnosed with malignancy, only one (1.6 %) had positive cytology for malignant cells, while the others were acellular/non-diagnostic (2/62, 3.2 %), negative (48/62, 77.4 %), or atypical (11/62, 17.7 %). The sensitivity of stent cytology for diagnosis of malignancy was 1.6 % (1/62). No cases were identified in which stent cytology changed clinical management. From a payer perspective, the mean estimated cost for each stent cytologic analysis is greater than $ 70.00.
Conclusions While stent cytologic analysis is a common clinical practice, the diagnostic yield and cost effectiveness of the practice must be reevaluated. With the rise of newer diagnostic technologies such as digital cholangioscopy and endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy, it may be time to “think lean” and acknowledge a sunset for biliary stent cytology.
Warum gerade ich? – Subjektive Krankheitsursachen und Zusammenhänge zu sozialen Faktoren und wahrgenommener Stigmatisierung bei Brust-, Prostata-, Darm- und Lungenkrebspatienten
Authors: Roick Julia , Esser Peter , Hornemann Beate , Mehnert Anja , Ernst Jochen 
Published: April 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Subjektive Krankheitsursachen gehen vielfach mit Selbstbeschuldigung und Schamgefühlen einher. Diese psychosozialen Belastungen können durch mögliche Stigmatisierungserfahrungen verstärkt werden. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht Annahmen zu subjektiven Krankheitsursachen von Krebspatienten und prüft Zusammenhänge mit sozialen Faktoren und dem Grad erlebter Stigmatisierung.
Methoden Im Rahmen einer bizentrischen Studie wurden 858 Patienten mit Brust-, Darm-, Lungen oder Prostatakrebs quantitativ befragt, von denen 815 in die Berechnungen eingingen. Subjektive Krankheitsursachen wurden durch ein Fragenset aus 17 Items mit den wichtigsten Ursachen von Krebserkrankungen erhoben und Stigmatisierung anhand der SIS-D (Social Impact Scale) erfasst. Die Daten werden uni- und multivariat ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse Das Durchschnittsalter liegt bei 60 Jahren, 54% sind männlich. Die Mehrheit der Patienten (95%) führt multiple Krankheitsursachen an. Umwelt wird von allen Entitäten als der wichtigste Einflussfaktor bewertet (M=3,0). Schuld/Strafe Gottes und Ansteckung wird am wenigsten Einfluss beigemessen (M=1,1). Ursachen, die auf den Lebensstil zurückzuführen sind, korrelieren nicht höher mit stigmatisierenden Aussagen als externe Ursachenannahmen (r=0,07–0,38). Patienten mit höherem Einkommen sehen weniger psychosoziale Faktoren (Beta=− 0,051 bis −0,086), Rauchen (Beta=− 0,087) und Schuld/Strafe Gottes (Beta=− 0,023) als Ursache ihrer Erkrankung. Je niedriger die Bildung, desto mehr Einfluss wird der Ansteckung (Beta=− 0,019) als Ursache beigemessen.
Schlussfolgerung Tatsächliche Krebsursachen und -risiken werden nur teilweise als solche eingeschätzt (z. B. Ernährung), während andere unterschätzt werden (z. B. Alkohol). Zukünftige Interventionen zur Aufklärung über Krebsursachen sollten v. a. Patienten mit niedriger Bildung fokussieren.
Brief Review: Effects of Isometric Strength Training on Strength and Dynamic Performance
Authors: Lum Danny , Barbosa Tiago M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis review used a narrative summary of findings from studies that focused on isometric strength training (IST), covering the training considerations that affect strength adaptations and its effects on sports related dynamic performances. IST has been shown to induce less fatigue and resulted in superior joint angle specific strength than dynamic strength training, and benefited sports related dynamic performances such as running, jumping and cycling. IST may be included into athletes’ training regime to avoid getting overly fatigue while still acquiring positive neuromuscular adaptations; to improve the strength at a biomechanically disadvantaged joint position of a specific movement; to improve sports specific movements that require mainly isometric contraction; and when athletes have limited mobility due to injuries. To increase muscle hypertrophy, IST should be performed at 70–75% of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) with sustained contraction of 3–30 s per repetition, and total contraction duration of>80–150 s per session for>36 sessions. To increase maximum strength, IST should be performed at 80–100% MVC with sustained contraction of 1–5 s, and total contraction time of 30–90 s per session, while adopting multiple joint angles or targeted joint angle. Performing IST in a ballistic manner can maximize the improvement of rate of force development.
Optimizing Results of Facial Surgery and Patient Satisfaction with Simultaneous Chemical Peels
Authors: Winslow Catherine 
Published: April 2019

AbstractFacial antiaging surgery is widely regarded as safe and effective. Current techniques allow us to achieve a balance of restoring youth while minimizing stigmata of surgery to effect a refreshed, natural look. An important component of achieving this goal is to improve the appearance of fine lines and dyschromias which continue to add to the apparent age. Several options exist to improve the appearance of the skin, each with a separate set of indications, advantages, and disadvantages. A medium-depth 35% trichloroacetic acid peel can be safely combined with rejuvenating surgery to enhance patient satisfaction and results with the same downtime and low cost.
Comparing the Use of Injectable Fillers for the Youthful Lip and the More Mature Lip
Authors: Greene Ryan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractEnhancement of the lips with facial fillers is currently one of the most popular nonsurgical cosmetic treatments worldwide. Patients from all age ranges have interest in these treatments, but there is wide variance of their esthetic goals. Practitioners must be aware of the challenges posed by both the youthful and mature lip, which usually requires different approaches and techniques. This article reviews the lip anatomy, aging changes in the lips and perioral region, techniques to produce consistent results, and ways to manage and avoid potential complications.