bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rac GTPase-Activating Protein 1 (RACGAP1) as an Oncogenic Enhancer in Esophageal Carcinoma
Authors: Yin Chengzeng , Toiyama Yuji , Okugawa Yoshinaga , Shigemori Tsunehiko , Yamamoto Akira , Ide Shozo , Kitajima Takahito , Fujikawa Hiroyuki , Yasuda Hiromi , Okita Yoshiki , Hiro Junichiro , Yoshiyama Shigeyuki , Ohi Masaki , Araki Toshimitsu , Yao Li , Kusunoki Masato 
Published: June 2019

<b><i>Purpose:</i></b> Rac GTPase-activating protein 1 (RACGAP1) is associated with cell proliferation, and there is much evidence of its oncogenic role. This study investigated the clinical importance and functional role of RACGAP1 in esophageal carcinoma (EC). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A total of 81 EC patients were enrolled in the study. We assessed the immunohistochemical score of EC tissues and adjacent normal esophageal mucosae, and then performed multiple cell function tests by means of in vitro experiments to elucidate the functional role of RACGAP1 using RNA interference technology in EC cell lines. <b><i>Results:</i></b> RACGAP1 was significantly overexpressed in EC tissues compared with the adjacent normal esophageal mucosae (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.0001). Moreover, RACGAP1 overexpression was significantly correlated with poor overall survival (<i>p</i> = 0.032) and disease-free survival (<i>p</i> = 0.012) in EC patients. High RACGAP1 expression was also significantly correlated with the presence of lymphatic invasion (<i>p</i> = 0.012), vessel invasion (<i>p</i> = 0.003), and advanced TNM (tumor-node-metastasis) stage (<i>p</i> = 0.046) in EC patients. In vitro analysis demonstrated that RACGAP1 was involved in the proliferation, tumorigenicity, invasion, migration, and anoikis resistance in EC cells. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> RACGAP1 plays a pivotal role in EC development, suggesting that it could be used as an indicator of prognosis in EC patients.
Current Status of Helicobacter pylori Diagnosis and Eradication Therapy in Japan Using a Nationwide Database
Authors: Deguchi Hisato , Uda Akihito , Murakami Kazunari 
Published: June 2019

Background: Helicobacter pylori infection increases the risk of stomach cancer; therefore, eradication therapy is recommended for infected individuals. Although several methods are recommended for the diagnosis and therapy of H. pylori infection, their frequency and effectiveness have not been fully investigated in Japan. Methods: A nationwide claims database including >1.6 million patients (April 2008 – ­October 2016) in Japan was utilized. We analyzed the distribution of methods for H. pylori diagnosis and therapy, waiting period between eradication and diagnostic test, and success rate of primary therapy. Results: Data for 481,041 patients were extracted. After primary eradication therapy, urea breath test was used for >80% of diagnoses, and antibody measurement for 0.7%. The success rate of primary eradication was >80% for most diagnostic methods and 69.0% for antibody measurement; inappropriately-timed antibody measurement may have contributed to this disparity. The overall success rate of eradication therapy decreased from 2011 to 2014, but increased from 2015, coinciding with launch of the potassium-competitive acid blocker vonoprazan, which showed a higher success rate of eradication than proton-pump inhibitors. Conclusions: Diagnostic tests of H. pylori infection mostly followed Japanese Society for Helicobacter Research guidance, although some antibody measurements were timed inappropriately. Vonoprazan appears to increase the success rate of primary therapy.
Exclusive Bee Venom Allergy: Risk Factors and Outcome of Immunotherapy
Authors: Rosman Yossi , Nashef Fatema , Cohen-Engler Anat , Meir-Shafrir Keren , Lachover-Roth Idit , Confino-Cohen Ronit 
Published: June 2019

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Venom immunotherapy (VIT) is considered to be the gold-standard treatment for patients with Hymenoptera venom allergy. Data regarding VIT in bee venom (BV) allergic patients are scarce. <b><i>Aim:</i></b> The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of VIT in patients with exclusive BV allergy and to try to define risk factors for VIT-induced systemic reactions (VIT-ISR) and VIT failure. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This is a retrospective study including data from all BV allergic patients that were treated by VIT in the Allergy Unit at the Meir Medical Center in the years 1995–2018. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Two hundred and forty-seven patients with exclusive BV allergy were included; 206 (83.4%) preferred to undergo rush buildup. Sixty-nine patients (27.9%) had at least 1 reaction during buildup, with the c-kit mutation being the only significant risk factor (100 vs. 28.9%, <i>p</i> = 0.02). Female gender (25.4 vs. 13.3%, <i>p</i> = 0.04), conventional buildup schedule (26.8 vs. 14.1%, <i>p</i> = 0.04), and c-kit mutation (100 vs. 16.8%, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.01) but not tryptase level were found to be significantly more frequent in recurrent reactors. Females (20.3 vs. 9%, <i>p</i> = 0.03), patients with severe systemic reaction to the index sting (24.3 vs. 9.5%, <i>p</i> = 0.004), and c-kit mutation (66 vs. 12%, <i>p</i> = 0.05) but not tryptase level were found to be risk factors for severe systemic reactions. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Despite the considerably high rate of VIT-ISR in patients with exclusive BV allergy, VIT can be performed safely and efficiently. C-kit mutation, and not basal serum tryptase level, seems to be a preferable biomarker for VIT-ISR in these patients.
ОРФАННІ ХВОРОБИ В КАРДІОЛОГІЇ
Authors: Pіrogkova A. O. , Prokopovych O. A. 
Published: June 2019

Орфанні хвороби – це рідкісні уроджені або набуті захворювання, які характеризуються тяжким, хронічним та прогресуючим перебігом, супроводжуються формуванням дегенеративних змін в організмі, зниженням якості та скороченням тривалості життя хворих.
Рідкісні захворювання на сьогодні діагностують частіше завдяки впровадженню новітніх методів діагностики, що дає змогу призначити адекватне і своєчасне патогенетичне лікування таким пацієнтам. Також необхідно вивчати нові механізми серцевих захворювань та застосовувати відповідне лікування.
Meiji Prison Religion
Authors: Lyons Adam 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis article examines the origins of prison proselytization in Japan in the 1870s and 1880s by exploring the relationship between the Great Promulgation Campaign (daikyō senpu undō 大教宣布運動) and the development of a modern carceral system. It argues that prison chaplaincy (kyōkai 教誨) developed as the “spiritual successor” to the Great Promulgation Campaign’s national instructor (kyōdōshoku 教導職) system. The article concludes that local activism on the part of Buddhists was the driving force behind the introduction of Buddhist teachings to prisons and that Buddhists mobilized in this way because they found it politically advantageous to position themselves as guardians of the public good.
Honda Chikaatsu’s Spiritual Learning as a Means of Bringing Blessings and Guiding the Nation
Authors: Namiki Eiko 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis article discusses the purpose, content and reception of the healing and spirit-possession methods of Honda Chikaatsu 本田親徳 (1822–1890) and his followers. It investigates what the methods were intended for, how they were practiced, and how they were received by the government, the common people and the elite. These methods were for all intents and purposes meant to benefit and glorify the new Imperial Japan under the Meiji government that Honda venerated and adored. Although the modernizing Meiji government outlawed such magico-religious practices, spirit-possession methods—and healing methods in particular—were in high demand among the faithful at shrines such as those where Honda’s disciples served as priests. At the same time, some very prominent individuals were intrigued by Honda’s spirit-possession methods and the strategic benefits they promised.
A new species of Fossombronia (Marchantiophyta, Fossombroniineae,Fossombroniaceae) from high elevation mires in Latin America
Authors: CRANDALL-STOTLER BARBARA J. , BENAVIDES JUAN CARLOS , STOTLER RAYMOND EUGENE , FORREST LAURA LOWE 
Published: June 2019

Several populations of a partially submerged, robust, morphologically distinct Fossombronia were personally collected in central Mexico and several high elevation subpáramo communities in Venezuela. Comparative morphological studies of these populations with the type collections of F. peruviana, F. herzogii, F. ptychophylla, and F. australis, and a phylogenetic analysis of three chloroplast loci in 18 morphologically defined species of the genus were conducted to determine the taxonomic status of these populations. Both studies support the recognition of these populations as a new species of Fossombronia, which is named and described herein as Fossombronia delgadilloana. This new species resolves in a clade that is sister to F. peruviana, and is characterized by horizontal, planate, sub-longitudinally inserted leaves, widely dispersed antheridia, with basally expanded stalks, stipitate caulocalyces that lack lamellae, obovoid to ellipsoidal capsules, I-type inner capsule wall thickenings, and spores that are > 40µm, with reticulate distal wall ornamentation. Fossombronia herzogii is recognized as a new synonym of F. peruviana, and a new lectotype is designated for F. ptychophylla.
Climate Assessments for Local Action
Authors: Kirchhoff Christine J. , Barsugli Joseph J. , Galford Gillian L. , Karmalkar Ambarish V. , Lombardo Kelly , Stephenson Scott R. , Barlow Mathew , Seth Anji , Wang Guiling , Frank Austin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractGlobal and national climate assessments are comprehensive, authoritative sources of information about observed and projected climate changes and their impacts on society. These assessments follow well-known, accepted procedures to create credible, legitimate, salient sources of information for policy- and decision-making, build capacity for action, and educate the public. While there is a great deal of research on assessments at global and national scales, there is little research or guidance for assessment at the U.S. state scale. To address the need for guidance for state climate assessments (SCAs), the authors combined insights from the literature, firsthand experience with four SCAs, and interviews with individuals involved in 10 other SCAs to identify challenges, draw lessons, and point out future research needs to guide SCAs. SCAs are challenged by sparseness of literature and data, insufficient support for ongoing assessment, short time lines, limited funding, and surprisingly, little deliberate effort to address legitimacy as a concern. Lessons learned suggest SCAs should consider credibility, legitimacy, and salience as core criteria; happen at regular intervals; identify assessment scope, resource allocation, and trade-offs between generation of new knowledge, engagement, and communication up front; and leverage boundary organizations. Future research should build on ongoing efforts to advance assessments, examine the effectiveness of different SCA approaches, and seek to inform both broad and specific guidance for SCAs.
A High-Resolution 1983–2016 Tmax Climate Data Record Based on Infrared Temperatures and Stations by the Climate Hazard Center
Authors: Funk Chris , Peterson Pete , Peterson Seth , Shukla Shraddhanand , Davenport Frank , Michaelsen Joel , Knapp Kenneth R. , Landsfeld Martin , Husak Gregory , Harrison Laura , Rowland James , Budde Michael , Meiburg Alex , Dinku Tufa , Pedreros Diego , Mata Nicholas 
Published: June 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the dynamics and physics of climate extremes will be a critical challenge for twenty-first-century climate science. Increasing temperatures and saturation vapor pressures may exacerbate heat waves, droughts, and precipitation extremes. Yet our ability to monitor temperature variations is limited and declining. Between 1983 and 2016, the number of observations in the University of East Anglia Climatic Research Unit (CRU) Tmax product declined precipitously (5900 → 1000); 1000 poorly distributed measurements are insufficient to resolve regional Tmax variations. Here, we show that combining long (1983 to the near present), high-resolution (0.05°), cloud-screened archives of geostationary satellite thermal infrared (TIR) observations with a dense set of ~15 000 station observations explains 23%, 40%, 30%, 41%, and 1% more variance than the CRU globally and for South America, Africa, India, and areas north of 50°N, respectively; even greater levels of improvement are shown for the 2011–16 period (28%, 45%, 39%, 52%, and 28%, respectively). Described here for the first time, the TIR Tmax algorithm uses subdaily TIR distributions to screen out cloud-contaminated observations, providing accurate (correlation ≈0.8) gridded emission Tmax estimates. Blending these gridded fields with ~15 000 station observations provides a seamless, high-resolution source of accurate Tmax estimates that performs well in areas lacking dense in situ observations and even better where in situ observations are available. Cross-validation results indicate that the satellite-only, station-only, and combined products all perform accurately (R ≈ 0.8–0.9, mean absolute errors ≈ 0.8–1.0). Hence, the Climate Hazards Center Infrared Temperature with Stations (CHIRTSmax) dataset should provide a valuable resource for climate change studies, climate extreme analyses, and early warning applications.
Attribution of Global Monsoon Response to the Last Glacial Maximum Forcings
Authors: Cao Jian , Wang Bin , Ma Libin 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Investigation of global monsoon (GM) responses to external forcings is instrumental for understanding its formation mechanism and projected future changes. Coupled climate model experiments are performed to assess how the individual and full Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) forcings change GM precipitation. Under the full LGM forcing, the annual and local summer-mean GM precipitation are reduced by 8.5% and 10.8%, respectively, compared to the results in the preindustrial control run; and the reduction of Northern Hemisphere (NH) summer monsoon (NHSM) precipitation is twice as large as its Southern Hemisphere (SH) counterpart (SHSM). The NH–SH asymmetric response is mainly caused by the monsoon circulation change–induced moisture convergence rather than the reduction of moisture content, but the root cause is the continental ice sheet forcing. The NHSM precipitation changes dramatically differ among various single-forcing experiments, while this is not the case for their SH counterparts. The moisture budget analysis indicates the NHSM is dynamically oriented, but SHSM is thermodynamically oriented. The markedly different NHSM circulation changes are caused by different forcing-induced sea surface temperature (SST) patterns, including the North Atlantic cooling pattern forced by the continental ice sheet, the mega–La Niña–like pattern resulting from the greenhouse gas forcing, and the Indian Ocean dipole–like SST pattern caused by the land–sea configuration forcing. Moreover, the distinctive change of “monsoonality” in the Australian–Indonesian monsoon is predominantly forced by the exposure of the land shelf, which enhances precipitation during early summer (November–December) but weakens it in the rest of the year.
Roles of Dynamic Forcings and Diabatic Heating in Summer Extreme Precipitation in East China and the Southeastern United States
Authors: Nie Ji , Fan Bowen 
Published: June 2019

AbstractExtratropical regional-scale extreme precipitation events (EPEs) are usually associated with certain synoptic perturbations superimposed on slow-varying background circulations. These perturbations induce a dynamically forced ascent that destabilizes the atmospheric stratification and stimulates deep convection, which further drives the perturbation by releasing latent heat. This study identifies the characteristics of large-scale perturbations associated with summer EPEs in two representative regions, East China (ECN) and the southeastern United States (SUS), and analyzes the roles of dynamic forcings and diabatic heating using the quasigeostrophic omega equation. Composites of 39 events in each region show that the upper-level absolute vorticity advection and tropospheric warm advection promote dynamically forced ascent in EPEs, and the moisture advection premoistens the local environment. The background circulation and synoptic perturbations in ECN and the SUS have significant differences. The background vorticity, temperature, and moisture advection form the quasi-steady mei-yu front in ECN, which provides favorable conditions for heavy rainfall. In the SUS, weaker background ascents are forced mainly through vorticity advection. In the synoptic scale, the EPEs in ECN are triggered by short-wavelength wave trains, and in the SUS the EPEs are triggered by longer wavelength potential vorticity intrusions. Although the amplitudes of the dynamically forced ascent in the two regions are similar, diabatic heating contributes much more to the vertical motion in ECN than the SUS, which indicates that there is stronger diabatic heating feedback there. The stronger diabatic heating feedback in ECN appears to be due to stronger moisture advection, convective environments with more humidity, and stronger coupling between convection and large-scale dynamics.
An Investigation of Hydrometeor Latent Cooling upon Convective Cold Pool Formation, Sustainment, and Properties
Authors: Mallinson Holly M. , Lasher-Trapp Sonia G. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Downdrafts extending from convective clouds can produce cold pools that propagate outward, sometimes initiating new convection along their leading edges. Models operating at scales requiring convective parameterizations usually lack representation of this detail, and thus fail to predict this convective regeneration and longer episodes of convective activity. Developing such parameterizations requires an improved understanding of the physical drivers of cold pools, and detailed studies of the roles of all the contributing microphysical processes have been lacking. This study utilizes a set of 12 simulations conducted within a single convective environment, but with variability in the microphysical fields produced by varying parameters influencing warm-rain or ice processes. Time-integrated microphysical budgets quantify the contribution of each hydrometeor type to the total latent cooling occurring in the downdrafts that form and sustain the cold pool. The timing of the onset of the cold pool is earlier in cases with a stronger warm rain process, but both graupel and rain were equally as likely to be the dominant hydrometeor in the downdraft first forming the cold pool. Graupel sublimation is the dominant term in sustaining the cold pool in all simulations, but the evaporation of rain has the strongest correlation to the cold pool expansion rate, depth, and intensity. Reconciling the current results with past studies elucidates the importance of considering: graupel sublimation, the latent cooling only in downdrafts contributing to the cold pool, and latent cooling in those downdrafts at altitudes that may be significantly higher than the melting level.
The Dominant Patterns of Intraseasonal Rainfall Variability in May–October and November–April over the Tropical Western Pacific
Authors: Pariyar Sunil Kumar , Keenlyside Noel , Chandra Bhatt Bhuwan , Omrani Nour-Eddine 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The space–time structure of intraseasonal (10–90 day) rainfall variability in the western tropical Pacific is studied using daily 3B42 TRMM and ERA-Interim reanalysis data for the period 1998–2014. Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of 10–90-day filtered daily rainfall anomalies identifies two leading modes in both May–October and November–April; together these modes explain about 11%–12% of the total intraseasonal variance over the domain in both seasons and up to 60% over large areas of the western Pacific in both climatological periods. The two leading modes in May–October are linearly related to each other and both are well correlated with the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) indices. Although the two leading EOF modes in November–April are linearly independent of each other, both show statistically significant correlations with the MJO. The phase composites of 30–80-day filtered data show that the two leading modes are associated with strong eastward and northward propagation of rainfall anomalies in May–October, and eastward and southward propagation of rainfall anomalies in November–April. The eastward propagation of rainfall anomalies in both seasons and southeastward propagation related with EOF2 in November–April is linked to the development of low-level moisture flux convergence ahead of the active convection. Similarly, the northward propagation in May–October is also connected with low-level moisture flux convergence, but surface wind and evaporation variations are also important. The wind–evaporation–SST feedback mechanism drives the southeastward propagation of rainfall anomalies associated with EOF1 in November–April. The different mechanisms for southeastward propagation associated with two leading modes in November–April suggest dynamically different relations with the MJO.
Shoulder Muscular Fatigue From Static Posture Concurrently Reduces Cognitive Attentional Resources
Authors: Stephenson Mitchell L. , Ostrander Alec G. , Norasi Hamid , Dorneich Michael C. 
Published: June 2019

Objective The goal of this work is to determine whether muscular fatigue concurrently reduces cognitive attentional resources in technical tasks for healthy adults. Background Muscular fatigue is common in the workplace but often dissociated with cognitive performance. A corpus of literature demonstrates a link between muscular fatigue and cognitive function, but few investigations demonstrate that the instigation of the former degrades the latter in a way that may affect technical task completion. For example, laparoscopic surgery increases muscular fatigue, which may risk attentional capacity reduction and undermine surgical outcomes. Method A total of 26 healthy participants completed a dual-task cognitive assessment of attentional resources while concurrently statically fatiguing their shoulder musculature until volitional failure, in a similar loading pattern observed in laparoscopic procedures. Continuous and discrete monitoring task performance was recorded to reflect attentional resources. Results Electromyography of the anterior deltoid and descending trapezius, as well as self-assessment surveys indicated fatigue occurrence; continuous tracking error, tracking velocity, and response time significantly increased with muscular fatigue. Conclusion Muscular fatigue concurrently degrades cognitive attentional resources. Application Complex tasks that rely on muscular and cognitive performance should consider interventions to reduce muscular fatigue to also preserve cognitive performance.