bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluationof Integrated Modular Teaching in Chinese Ophthalmology Trainee Courses
Authors: Xin Wei , Zou Yuxian , Ao Yong , Cai Yu , Huang Zheqian , Li Miaoling , Xu Chaochao , Jia Yu , Yang Ying , Yang Yangfan , Lin Haotian 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: Before receiving ophthalmology trainee courses in Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, the medical students of Sun Yat-sen University had finished two years of premedical education, following thesix years of medical courses including basic medical course, clinical medical courses, clerkship, and research training in medical school. Integrated modular teaching using different problem-based teaching methods in Ophthalmology was designed bythe teaching steering committee of Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and satisfaction scales of the integrated modular teaching among the trainee students. Methods: A total of 100 medical students who was receiving ophthalmology trainee courses in Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre were enrolled, which were randomly allocated to 4 groups according to teaching arrangement, each of which contained 6 small groups.The trainee courses included several sections and multiple methods, such as "flipped classroom"section and team-based learning section. The pre-class test and post-class test were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the integrated modular teaching, and participants satisfaction survey questionnaire was collected to investigate the satisfaction among the participants.Results: Comparing with the first-day-test scores, the last-day-test score was significantly improved in total (t=3.288, P=0.001) in a pair t test. There was no significant difference of the last-day-test scores (F=1.163, P=0.328) in an ANOVA test among the four groups, even when the final grade of ophthalmology before entering the trainee courses was significantly different, and a significant difference of the first-day-test scores was found (F=7.614, P=0.000) among the four groups. Since the pre-class knowledge of ophthalmology could be evaluated by the final grade of ophthalmology before entering the trainee courses and the first-day-test scores, these results just showed us that the integrated modular teaching using in trainee courseswas effective and useful. There were 19 students who had an outstanding improvement with ranking ahead of more than 10 in all the participants in the last-day-test, which did not have higher average scores for daily performance than other students (t=0.469, P=0.654). According to the participant satisfaction questionnaires, these innovative teaching methods were considered effective and popular.Conclusions:Integrated modular teaching was effective and popular to the medical college students in ophthalmology trainee courses.
MRI-based Radiomics of Rectal Cancer: Preoperative Assessment of the Pathological Features
Authors: Ma Xiaolu , Shen Fu , Jia Yan , Xia Yuwei , Li Qihua , Lu Jianping 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
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Abstract

Background
This study aimed to evaluate the significance of MRI-based radiomics model derived from high-resolution T2-weighted images (T2WIs) in predicting tumor pathological features of rectal cancer.Methods

A total of 152 patients with rectal cancer who underwent surgery without any neoadjuvant therapy between March 2017 and September 2018 were included retrospectively. The patients were scanned using a 3-tesla magnetic resonance imaging, and high-resolution T2WIs were obtained. Lesions were delineated, and 1029 radiomics features were extracted. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator was used to select features, and multilayer perceptron (MLP), logistic regression, support vector machine (SVM), decision tree, random forest (RF), and K-nearest neighbor were trained using fivefold cross-validation to build a prediction model. The diagnostic performance of the prediction models was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic curves.Results

A total of 1029 features were extracted, and 15, 11, and 11 features were selected to predict the degree of differentiation, T stage, and N stage, respectively. The best performance of the radiomics model for the degree of differentiation, T stage, and N stage was obtained by SVM [area under the curve (AUC), 0.862; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.750–0.967; sensitivity, 83.3%; specificity, 85.0%], MLP (AUC, 0.809; 95% CI, 0.690–0.905; sensitivity, 76.2%; specificity, 74.1%), and RF (AUC, 0.809; 95% CI, 0.690–0.905; sensitivity, 76.2%; specificity, 74.1%).Conclusion

This study demonstrated that the high-resolution T2WI–based radiomics model could serve as pretreatment biomarkers in predicting pathological features of rectal cancer.
Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision and Sexual Practices among Sexually Active Circumcised Men in Mzuzu, Malawi: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Chatsika Zimveka Jones , Kumitawa Andrew , Samuel Vincent , Azizi Steven Chifundo , Jumbe Vincent C 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background

Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision (VMMC) is one of the strategies being promoted to prevent sexual heterosexual transmission of HIV. It has been adopted by 14 countries with high HIV prevalence and low circumcision rates. The 60% protective efficacy of VMMC has come with misconceptions in some societies in Malawi, hence VMMC clients may opt for risky sexual practices owing to its perceived protective effect. The study estimated proportion of circumcised men engaging in risky sexual behaviors post-VMMC, assessed knowledge on VMMC protective effect and identified socio-demographic factors associated with risky sexual practices.

Method

A cross sectional study was conducted at two sites of Mzuzu city. Systematic random sampling was used to select 322 clients aged 18-49 who had undergone VMMC. The independent variables included age, location, occupation, religion, marital status and education. Outcome variables were non condom use, having multiple sexual partners and engaging in transactional sex. Data from questionnaires was analyzed using Pearson’s chi square test and logistic regression.

Results

Out of 322 respondents, 84.8% (273) understood the partial protection offered by VMMC in HIV prevention. Ninety-six percent of the participants self-reported continued use of condoms post VMMC. Overall 23.7% - 38.3% clients self-reported engaging in risky sexual practices post VMMC, 23.7% (76) had more than one sexual partner; 29.2% (94) paid for sex while 39.9% (n=187) did not use a condom. Residing in high density areas was associated with non-condom use, (p = 0.043). Being single (p <0.0001), and residing in low density areas (p = 0.004) was associated with engaging in transactional sex.

Conclusion

Risky sexual practices are evident among clients that have undergone VMMC. Messages on safer sexual practices and limitations of VMMC need to be emphasized to clients, especially unmarried or single and those residing in low density areas.
Extent of misuse and dependence of codeine-containing products among medical and pharmacy students in a Nigerian University
Authors: Akande-Sholabi Wuraola , Adisa Rasaq , Ilesanmi Olayinka S , Bello Ayomide Esther 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background

Misuse and dependency of opioids especially codeine-containing products is of increasing global concern. Inappropriate use of opioids among healthcare students could affect quality of service and ethical conducts of these future professionals, thereby putting the society at risk.

Objectives

To evaluate knowledge and perception of medical and pharmacy students in a Nigerian tertiary University on use of opioids with focus on codeine-containing products.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey among 335-medical and 185-pharmacy students from University of Ibadan, Nigeria, between September and December 2018, using a semi-structured questionnaire.

Results

Codeine-containing cough syrup was the most commonly used opioid-products (163;31.3%) among the students. Majority (469;90.2%) had good perception about codeine-containing products, while 319(61.3%) had poor knowledge of opioids usage. Logistic-regression shows that students who experienced some side-effects they would like to experience again, 36.31[AOR=36.31, 95% CI: (10.89-121.12)] and those pressured into using codeine-containing products, 11.77[AOR=11.77, CI=95% (2.50-55.38)] had more tendency of misuse.

Conclusion

Misuse of codeine-containing products among medical and pharmacy students is obvious. Peer-influence and experience of some effects are significant predictors of misuse among the students. Thus, healthcare curriculum should incorporate preventive program on medication misuse, while policy that favours peer-support program on medication misuse is advocated for healthcare students.
Predictors and clinical features of methotrexate (MTX) therapy for ectopic pregnancy
Authors: Zhang Jing , Zhang Yu , Gan Lu , Liu Xiao-ying , Du Shan-ping 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to summarize clinical features and identify success predictors of methotrexate (MTX) treatment in ectopic pregnancy. Methods: Retrospective study of 213 ectopic pregnancies (EPs) treated with MTX in the Department of Gynecology of the Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital from January 2017 to December 2017. Results: Patients were divided into two groups: the successful treatment group (n=166) and the failed treatment group (n=47). The overall success rate of MTX therapy for ectopic pregnancy was 77.93%, and the total cost of MTX therapy ($437.83) was far lower than that of surgical treatment (>$1459.45). The mean initial β-hCG level was significantly lower in the successful treatment group than in the failed treatment group (2538.08 mIU/mL versus 3195.91 mIU/mL, P=0.010). The treatment success rate of the group with an initial β-hCG concentration less than 4000 IU/L was significantly higher than that of the group with an initial β-hCG concentration greater than 4000 IU/L. However, the success rate of the group with an initial β-hCG concentration greater than 4000 IU/L was still relatively high (61.22%). The β-hCG levels were significantly increased on the 4th day in the failed treatment group (P=0.000). Compared to the initial β-hCG level, the day-4 β-hCG level increased by more than 8.21%, indicating that the treatment was effective. The diagnostic sensitivity was 88.6%, the specificity was 74.5%, and the area under the ROC curve was 0.863 (95% CI: 0.805-0.920). Conclusions: MTX therapy as a treatment option is safe, effective and economical for asymptomatic, hemodynamically stable patients with EPs who are keen on fertility preservation, regardless of the serum β-hCG level or adnexal mass size. The change in the β-hCG level between the initial day and the 4th day is an effective and early predictive tool for the MTX therapy of ectopic pregnancy.
Políticas públicas educativas para la enseñanza del idioma inglés como segunda lengua. Breve estudio comparativo en Colombia, Costa Rica, México y Uruguay
Authors: Mendoza González Ma. De Los Ángeles 
Published: August 2019

El idioma Inglés es uno de los más utilizados e importantes en el mundo por lo que es necesario analizar las políticas que tienen implementados los órganos de educación en distintos países para su regulación durante el proceso de enseñanza en el periodo de educación básica, a través de una comparación de las diversas normas, enfoques de enseñanza, evaluación y resultados obtenidos.Este documento de reflexión se efectúa incluyendo la perspectiva de la enseñanza del inglés en México ya que, a diferencia de los otros países que se incluyen como objeto de estudio, el programa de inglés no es obligatorio y por ende se encuentra en etapa de prueba. La finalidad del presente documento es comparar los elementos básicos establecidos y realizar conclusiones que permitan conocer laviabilidad y eficiencia de las políticas implementadas y que pueden ser susceptibles de aplicarse en México y otros países
Drought and climate change assessment using Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) for Sarawak River Basin
Authors: Bong C. H. J. , Richard J. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Severe droughts in the year 1998 and 2014 in Sarawak due to the strong El Niño has impacted the water supply and irrigated agriculture. In this study, the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) was used for drought identification and monitoring in Sarawak River Basin. Using monthly precipitation data between the year 1975 and 2016 for 15 rainfall stations in the basin, the drought index values were obtained for the time scale of three, six and nine months. Rainfall trend for the years in study was also assessed using the Mann–Kendall test and Sen's slope estimator and compared with the drought index. Findings showed that generally there was a decreasing trend for the SPI values for the three time scales, indicating a higher tendency of increased drought event throughout the basin. Furthermore, it was observed that there was an increase in the numbers of dry months in the recent decade for most of the rainfall stations as compared to the previous 30 to 40 years, which could be due to climate change. Findings from this study are valuable for the planning and formulating of drought strategies to reduce and mitigate the adverse effects of drought.
Distribution Record of Leptophryne borbonica (Tschudi, 1838) (Anura: Bufonidae) from Malang, East Java: Description, Microhabitat, and Possible Threats
Authors: Erfanda Muhamad Prayogi , Septiadi Luhur , Devi Sandra Rafika , Hanifa Berry Fakhry 
Published: August 2019

Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (TNBTS) which partly located in Malang, East Java, Indonesia holds various kinds of niches that can support the existence of undiscovered amphibian species. We examine a new distribution of the Leptophryne borbonica, Hourglass-toad from an area located on the slopes of the Southwest of Tengger Mountain as well as its ecological implications related to the possibility of habitat threats. The exploration was carried out on January 1st and March 1st, 2019, with the description of morphology data and collecting abiotic parameters such as temperature, humidity, altitude, and habitat preference. The distribution of the species was marked. Any important notable records of the habitat threats are documented. The results showed that the amphibians found were Leptophryne borbonica, and set as a new record on Malang, East Java. We suggested that the isolated distribution is very susceptible to ecological disturbances, future ecotourism development, and habitat destruction that prone to local extinction. Further research and conservation efforts need to be carried out for the sustainability of this species in the observation site.
Reliability of Lateral Cephalometric Radiographs in the Assessment of the Upper Airway in Children: A Retrospective study
Authors: Savoldi Fabio , Xinyue Gou , McGrath Colman P. , Yang Yanqi , Chow Shiu Cheuk , Tsoi James K. H. , Gu Min 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To test the reliability of Lateral cephalometric radiographs (LCRs) for use in the assessment of the upper airway, hyoid bone, soft palate, and tongue.

Materials and Methods
The records of 57 healthy Chinese children from a nonhospital population (mean age = 12.6 years, SD = 0.5, 28 males and 29 females) who received two consecutive LCRs in the natural head posture were retrospectively analyzed. Fifteen linear, angular, and area measurements were used to describe the airway, hyoid bone, soft palate, and tongue. The reliability between the two LCRs was assessed with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and F-test. Errors were estimated with the Dahlberg and Bland-Altman method, and intra- and inter-assessor agreements were determined.

Results
Measurements of upper airway and hyoid bone had excellent method reliability, intra-assessor reliability, and inter-assessor reliability (ICC &gt; 0.8). However, the method reliability and the inter-assessor reliability for soft palate and tongue was less favorable (ICC from 0.60 to 0.96). Soft palate area and thickness were the most critical parameters. Intra-assessor reliability was greater than both method reliability and inter-assessor reliability (which were similar).

Conclusions
The measurement of upper airway morphology, defined as the intramural space, and of the hyoid bone position were highly reliable on LCRs of children. However, the limited reliability in the assessment of tongue and soft palate area may compromise the diagnostic application of LCRs to these structures.
PRAKTIK CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) DI INDONESIA
Authors: Nayenggita Gina Bunga , Raharjo Santoso Tri , Resnawaty Risna 
Published: August 2019

Dalam berbagai aktivitas membawa dampak nyata bagi kualitas kehidupan, baik bagi individu atau masyarakat. Berbagai permasalahan terjadi di Indonesia, sebagian besar disebabkan oleh ulah manusia itu sendiri atau memang alam yang sudah mulai mengikis. Ulah manusia juga hadir dari beberapa perusahaan yang membuat adanya pencemaran lingkungan, udara dan lain sebagainya. Maka peran-peran manusia atau sebuah organisasi turut andil dalam menangani permasalahan di Indonesia. Dan dari sanalah lahir sebuah gagasan CSR. CSR merupakan merupakan komitmen usaha untuk beroperasi secara legal dan berkontribusi untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidup dan tanggung jawab kemitraan dari karyawan dan keluarganya, pemerintah, perusahaan komunitas lokal, dan komunitas luas. CSR dapat melakukan dengan pemberdayaan masyarakat setempat secara nyata yang dibutuhkan oleh masyarakat sekitar. In various activities it has a real impact on the quality of life, both for individuals and society. Various problems occur in Indonesia, mostly caused by human behavior itself or indeed nature has begun to erode. Human activities are also present from several companies that make environmental pollution, air and so on. Then the roles of humans or an organization contribute to addressing problems in Indonesia. And from there came the idea of CSR. CSR is CSR is a business commitment to operate legally and contribute to improving the quality of life and responsibility of partnerships from employees and their families, the government, local community companies, and the wider community. CSR can do with the empowerment of local communities that are actually needed by the surrounding community.
PENGGUNAAN METODE TOKEN ECONOMY UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR PADA PENYANDANG TUNANETRA DEMI MERAIH PRESTASI
Authors: Rohmaniar Sholehatun , Krisnani Hetty 
Published: August 2019

Tujuan artikel ini membuat motivasi belajar pada penyandang disabilitas netra muncul sedemikian rupa. Motivasi sangat berperan penting dalam mendorong, menggerakkan dan mengarahkan perilaku seseorang. Motivasi yang sudah ada lalu dibantu diinterpretasikan dengan melakukan tindakan yang dapat mendukung ke arah tujuan yang diinginkan dengan menggunakan token economy. Dalam buku Behavior Modification: What It Is and How to Do It, oleh Garry Martin dan Joseph Pear pada tahun 1992, sudah dijelaskan bahwa token economy merupakan metode penguat perilaku yang dapat bertahan lama. Penggunaan token economy ini membantu klien dalam memaksimalkan waktu luangnya dengan melakukan hal-hal yang sekiranya bermanfaat untuk mendukung ia dalam mencapai tujuannya itu. Pada penggunaan token economy ini individu akan menerima token dengan segera setelah menampilkan perilaku yang disenangi, sebaliknya akan mendapat pengurangan token jika menampilkan perilaku yang tidak disukai. Token-token ini dikumpulkan dan kemudian dalam jangka waktu tertentu dapat ditukarkan dengan hadiah atau sesuatu yang mempunyai makna. Dengan kontrol yang ketat, penggunaan token economy dapat memunculkan dan membuat perilaku baru yang diinginkan jauh lebih baik untuk mendorong pencapaian suatu prestasi. The purpose of this article is to make learning motivation in people with disabilities appear in such a way. Motivation plays an important role in encouraging, moving and directing one's behavior. Existing motivation is then assisted to be interpreted by taking actions that can support the desired goals using the token economy. In the book Behavior Modification: What Is Is and How to Do It, by Garry Martin and Joseph Pear in 1992, it has been explained that token economy is a behavioral reinforcement method that can last long. The use of token economy helps clients maximize their free time by doing things that are useful to support him in achieving his goals. In the use of this token economy, the individual will receive a token immediately after displaying a favored behavior, otherwise it will get a token reduction if it displays an unwelcome behavior. These tokens are collected and then within a certain period of time can be exchanged for gifts or something that has meaning. With strict control, the use of token economy can bring out and make the desired new behavior far better to encourage the achievement of an achievement.
ANALISIS KASUS ANAK PEREMPUAN KORBAN PEMERKOSAAN INSES
Authors: Amanda Amanda , Krisnani Hetty 
Published: August 2019

Pada dewasa ini, semakin banyak kasus yang menimpa anak-anak bangsa khusus nya anak perempuan, salah satu kasus yang rentan menimpa anak perempuan pada saat ini adalah kekerasan seksual yang dapat terjadi pada berbagai kelompok umur, status sosial, tempat dan waktu. Kekerasan seksual dapat terjadi tidak hanya pada orang yang tidak dikenal, kekerasan seksual yang menimpa anak perempuan dapat pula terjadi di lingkungan terdekat yaitu keluarga. Pelecehan seksual pada lingkup keluarga termasuk kedalam pemerkosaan inses, dimana hubungan seksual ini terjadi antara kerabat dekat, biasanya antara anggota keluarga. Anak yang menjadi korban inses sangat membutuhkan perlindungan baik dari kerabat yang lain maupun para pekerja sosial, karena korban akan mengalami trauma yang berkepanjangan. Peran pekerja sosial dalam kasus anak perempuan korban inses ini untuk memberikan layanan konseling baik untuk korban dan juga keluarga nya, selain itu pekerja sosial juga dapat membantu dalam pelayanan pendampingan hukum untuk bekerja sama dengan lembaga-lembaga hukum agar membantu korban sebagai klien agar kasus nya di selesaikan secara hukum. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan artikel ini menggunakan studi literature. Studi yang mengkaji pemberitaan media massa dan memanfaatkan data dari liputan media dan beberapa literature mengenai anak korban inses seperti buku, jurnal, artikel yang telah dipublikasikan. Nowadays the more cases that afflict the nation's children especially girls, one of the cases that are vulnerable to girls at this time is sexual violence that can occur in various age groups, social status, place and time. Sexual violence can occur not only in people who are not known, sexual violence that befell girls can also occur in the closest environment, namely the family. Sexual abuse in the family sphere is included in incest rape, where sexual relations occur between close relatives, usually between family members. Children who are incest victims desperately need protection from other relatives and social workers, because victims will experience prolonged trauma. The role of social workers in the case of incest victims is to provide counseling services for victims as well as their families, besides that social workers can also assist in legal assistance services to work with legal institutions to help victims as clients so that complete legally. The method used in writing this article uses a literature study. Studies that study mass media coverage and utilize data from media coverage and some literature on incest victims such as books, journals, published articles.