bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of curing degree on mechanical and thermal properties of 2.5D quartz fiber reinforced boron phenolic composites
Authors: Fu Huadong , Qin Yan , He Xin , Meng Xinyue , Zhong Yiyou , Zou Zhenyue 
Published: August 2019

Abstract2.5D quartz fiber reinforced boron phenolic composites with different curing degrees were prepared by different curing temperatures and curing times. The effects of curing degree on the flexural strength and thermal properties of the composites were investigated by mechanical properties test, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results show that the flexural strength increases to the increase in the degree of cure, but the rate of increase is non-linear. When the degree of cure is higher than 90%, the flexural strength of the composite is more than 300 MPa and the bending failure mechanism of the composite is analyzed by SEM. The TG test showed that the degree of cure had little effect on the residual weight of the composite at 1000°C, but had a greater effect on the temperature of the previous weight loss.
A simple method for the production of low molecular weight hyaluronan by in situ degradation in fermentation broth
Authors: Mei Jianfeng , Dong Zhihong , Yi Yu , Zhang Yanlu , Ying Guoqing 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFermentation of hyaluronan (HA) by Streptococcus zooepidemicus was carried out in a 10-L fermentor. When the medium pH was controlled at 7.0 and the temperature was maintained at 38°C for 12 h followed by 35°C for 8 h, the yield of HA was 4.83 g/L with a molecular weight of 1,890 kDa. After the cells were removed by centrifugation from the fermentation broth, HA was slowly degraded to low molecular weight HA by hyaluronidase at a suitable temperature without a decrease in HA concentration. If the time and temperature for enzymatic degradation were controlled, the desired low molecular weight HA could be obtained by in situ degradation in the fermentation broth. The method does not require the addition of exogenous hyaluronidase, and is a simple way to produce low molecular weight HA.
On the structure, survival and change of consonant clusters
Authors: Dziubalska-Kołaczyk Katarzyna 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This paper shows how preferability measures can help to explain the cross-linguistic distribution of consonant clusters, their acquisition, as well as aspects of their diachronic development. Phonological preferability is measured in terms of cluster size and Net Auditory Distance, which interact with morphological complexity and frequency. Predictions derived from the preferability of clusters are tested against the evidence of language specific phonotactics, language use, language acquisition, psycholinguistic processing, and language change.
Optimization of acid catalyzed esterification and mixed metal oxide catalyzed transesterification for biodiesel production from Moringa oleifera oil
Authors: Niju S. , Raj Fernando Russell , Anushya C. , Balajii M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMoringa oleiferaoil (MOO), a second-generation lipid feedstock that has been reckoned as a promising feedstock for biodiesel production in recent years. In the current study, crude MOO possessing high acid value (80.5 mg of KOH/g) was subjected to two step esterification and transesterification process for biodiesel production and the process was applied with central composite design (CCD) based response surface methodology (RSM). The results showed that H2SO4concentration of 0.85 vol%, reaction time of 70.20 min, and methanol to oil ratio of 1:1 (vol/vol) significantly decreased the acid value to 3.10 mg of KOH/g of oil. Moreover, copper oxide-calcium oxide (CuO-CaO) nanoparticles were developed and evaluated as a novel heterogeneous base catalyst for synthesizingMoringa oleiferamethyl esters (MOME). The synthesized catalyst was scrutinized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDAX) analysis. Copper oxide (CuO) was perceived to be the dominant phase in the synthesized catalyst. Highest MOME conversion of 95.24% was achieved using 4 wt% CuO-CaO loading, 0.3:1 (vol/vol) methanol to oil ratio and 150 min reaction time as the optimal process conditions.
Kinetics and the fluidity of the stearic acid esters with different carbon backbones
Authors: Wang Wenchao , Li Fashe , Li Ying 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In this work, stearic acid esters were prepared using [HPY][HSO4] ionic liquids as catalysts and different kinds of alcohols and stearic acid as reactants in a self-designed reactor. Catalytic esterification, kinetics analysis and low temperature fluidity of the esters were studied. Through single-factor experiment, the optimal reaction conditions were determined for methyl stearate, ethyl ester, propyl ester, butyl ester, and amyl ester. The conversion rates under the optimized conditions were all above 97%. The kinetics of the reaction process of all five esters was analyzed by the integral method, and the activation energy, pre-exponential factor and kinetic model were obtained for the five esters. Finally, the low temperature fluidity of all esters was tested and the best value was observed for amyl alcohol. Therefore, these esters would be useful additives for reducing the condensation and cold filter plugging points of biodiesel, thus improving the cold flow properties of biodiesel.
Overcoming the motivational gap: A preliminary path to rethinking intergenerational justice
Authors: Pirni Alberto 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The paper frames the issue of intergenerational justice by addressing an historical source and a theoretical difficulty. In relation to the historical point of view, the paper offers a preliminary re-reading of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights aimed at revealing the intergenerational commitment that lies behind it (§1). In addressing the second point, it presents the issue of intergenerational justice from a phenomenological perspective (§2). In developing such a perspective, the paper articulates a comprehensive ethical question that is constitutively related to any possible shaping of an intergenerational justice theory (§3). In turn, the explanation of that question presents the opportunity to propose a theory of motivation for the elaboration and implementation of policies explicitly aimed at fulfilling the intergenerational need, beyond any skepticism arising from pragmatic objections. Finally, the paper proposes to address this need by presenting a model of obligation ranking in which the flexibility and strength of the normative bond for the present generation and future ones are considered (§4).
Human rights, reciprocal recognition and the state. A durkheimian contribution
Authors: Souza Luiz Gustavo Da Cunha De 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The paper deals with a possible tension within Axel Honneth’s theory of justice as presented in his Freedom’s Right. It takes as its point of departure Georg Lohmann’s objection that Honneth loses sight of the critical potential associated with positive right and tries to discuss it critically both exposing Lohmann’s and Honneth’s position. From the complex of problems identified thereby, the paper moves to a discussion of Émile Durkheim’s theory of State, with which it helps to provide a possible contribution to the discussion between positive, individual rights and the normative framework of social freedom.
Promoting pro-environmental behaviour through augmented reality and persuasive informational power: A pilot study
Authors: Coen Sharon , Drumm Ian , Fantinelli Stefania 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This pilot study examined the idea that use of a mobile technology can have positive consequences for both individual users and, indirectly, society. The augmented reality (AR) application used here is defined as a persuasive technology because it is intended to modify users’ attitudes or behaviours. The application was designed for personal use although it can generate indirect benefits for users’ communities as well as for users themselves. The application was tested on a small sample in a controlled setting in order to observe how it was used and to evaluate its efficacy as a source of information and tool for persuasion. The results showed that opinions of the AR device were generally positive; moreover, participants admitted that it improved their awareness of environmental issues. The strengths of this research are that it shows how the use of persuasive technologies can have collective benefits and demonstrates their informational power.
Once a pun a time: Exploring factors associated with perceptions of humorous punning
Authors: Smith Richard H. , Hoogland Charles E. , Brown Edward G. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Using participants’ reactions to puns (words or phrases with two or more possible meanings) embedded in hypothetical scenarios, we investigated how perceptions of punning are influenced by characteristics of both the social situation and the punster. Consistent with the reversal theory of humor, Study 1 (N=185) showed that puns are considered funnier and more appropriate in playful than serious situations and less appropriate when they interrupt conversation than when they complete a conversation sequence without causing an interruption. Consistent with age-based developmental expectations of punsters, Study 2 (N=333) indicated that obvious puns told by children are perceived more favorably than those told by adults of varying ages and levels of expertise in the subject area of the pun. Future research might benefit from using more naturalistic settings and examining the extent to which various contemporary humor frameworks (e.g. benign violations theory) apply more specifically to punning in context.
Effect of the Impurity Ions on the Crystallization of Urea Phosphate
Authors: Zhang Li , Wang Baoming , Ying Danyang , Liu Yong , Hua Quanxian , Liu Li , Tang Jianwei 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In the present work, the influence of Al3+, Fe3+, SO42–, F–, Mg2+ on the crystallization of urea phosphate during the synthesis process of urea phosphate with phosphoric acid and urea was investigated. The crystallization time, the yield of urea phosphate, the purity of urea phosphate, crystal morphology, and the characterization of urea phosphate by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were studied. The experimental results show that the crystallization time of urea phosphate prolonged with the addition of impurities, the yield of urea phosphate all decreased with the increasing concentrations of Al3+, Mg2+, Fe3+ and SO42–, except F–. The impurities have no effect on the content of nitrogen and phosphorus in urea phosphate products. The Al3+, Fe3+, F– cause the irregular crystal morphology, while the crystal with the Mg2+, SO42– has a better dispersion, regular shape and high transparency. This study provides reliable and effective theoretical guidance for the synthesis process of urea phosphate by the wet process phosphoric acid.
Leaching of Indium from Indium-and Iron-Bearing Sphalerite Concentrate in Sulfuric Acid–Ferric Sulfate Solution
Authors: Hui Huang , Fan Zhang , Zhigan Deng , Chang Wei , Xingbin Li , Minting Li , Cunxiong Li 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Leaching of indium from an indium-and iron-bearing sphalerite concentrate in sulfuric acid– ferric sulfate solution was examined. The effects of various parameters were studied. Increases in the stirring speed, temperature, ferric ion and sulfuric acid concentrations, and decreases in the particle size, enhanced the indium leaching rate. Scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses of the unreacted and reacted sphalerite concentrate particles showed that elemental sulfur was formed and precipitated at the particle surfaces. The results show that dissolution was controlled by a mixed-control process. In the initial stage, the dissolution kinetics was chemically controlled. When more elemental sulfur was present on the particle surfaces, the dissolution kinetics was controlled by mass transfer though the sulfur layer. The activation energy of the chemically controlled step was 33.9 kJ/mol. The reaction orders with respect to the initial sulfuric acid and ferric ion concentrations were approximately 0.74 and 0.60, respectively.
Fields of Danger: The Looming Threat of Agroterrorism on the United States’ Agriculture
Authors: Haley Marshall 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
An attack on America’s food supply could come in many forms such as: poisoning imported food, burning crop fields, or a conventional terrorist attacks on food centers; however, one of the most frightening and potentially disastrous scenarios for an attack is a coordinated, biological agroterrorism attack released on the nation’s livestock or crops.
Numerical Analysis of Soliton Propagation in a Tapered Waveguide
Authors: Raja M. A. , Ranathive S. , Sivaram M. , Krishna Kumar L. , Vinoth Kumar K. , Amiri Iraj S 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In this paper, dispersion decreased profiled tapered fiber is designed whose dispersion characteristics and soliton propagation is investigated numerically using Darboux transformation. The result reveals that solitons pulse gets compression as it propagates along the length of the tapered region.
Energy flow of a 2018 FIA F1 racing car and proposed changes to the powertrain rules
Authors: Boretti Albert 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn the last few years, the different teams have dramatically improved the directly injected, electrically assisted turbocharged, internal combustion engine of FIA F1 hybrid electric cars. With limited fuel flow rate, but unlimited boost, the engine is now delivering peak power at fuel conversion efficiencies about 45% running lean stratified with the help of some sort of jet ignition. The paper analyses the energy flow of a FIA F1 hybrid electric car covering one lap of the Monte Carlo race track of length 3.370 km. The amount of energy recovered is minimal, at the most 2 of the 9.77 MJ of braking energy, or 20.6%. The fuel consumption per lap, 1.16 kg of fuel, or 50.34 MJ of fuel energy, needed to deliver the 16.28-18.28 MJ of propulsive energy, at an outstanding average efficiency of 32 to 36%, may still be dramatically reduced. New rules are thus proposed to promote the development of technical features that could be beneficial to passenger car applications, from advanced turbo-compounding, to enhanced thermal and mechanical energy recovery, and better hybridization.
Perception Verbs in Brazilian Portuguese: A Functional Approach
Authors: Hengeveld Kees , de Souza Edson Rosa Francisco , Braga Maria Luiza , Vendrame Valéria 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper examines the semantic and morphosyntactic complementation patterns of perception verbs in Brazilian Portuguese. Using the framework of Functional Discourse Grammar, five semantic complement types are identified. It is subsequently shown that these five types are in an implicational relationship, such that the set of semantic complement types that a certain perception verb in Brazilian Portuguese may take occupies a contiguous segment on a hierarchy of semantic complement types. The morphosyntactic complements of perception verbs in Brazilian Portuguese include noun phrases, finite, and non-finite clauses, the latter comprising progressive1 and infinitival forms. The second part of the study shows that the choice for one of these types can to a high extent be predicted from the semantics of the complements, using the same hierarchy of semantic complement types.
Heterogeneous palladium SALOPHEN onto porous polymeric microspheres as catalysts for heck reaction
Authors: Mella Claudio , Torres Cecilia C. , Godard Cyril , Claver Carmen , Pecchi Gina , Campos Cristian H. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Catalysts based on porous polymeric microspheres were prepared from N,N′-Bis(3,3′-allyl-salicylidene)-o-phenylenediamine Pd(II) (PdAS) metallo-monomer, styrene (STY), and divinylbenzene (DVB) as co-monomers. The effects of the STY/PdAS mass ratio of co-monomers were investigated to synthesize the optimal catalyst. All the prepared materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), solid-state diffuse-reflectance UV Vis (DRS UV-Vis) spectrometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Increasing the PdAS content from 1 to 5 wt%, based on the mass feed of monomers, produced well-defined spherical polymer resins with particle diameters of ~200 μm and high surface areas (>500 m2/g). XPS spectra shown a unique Pd2+ signal associated with the PdAS complex immobilized on a porous resin matrix. The catalytic performances of porous polymer microspheres were evaluated for Heck reaction between iodobenzene and methyl acrylate to produce methyl cinnamate, giving up to 100 % selectivity for the trans-isomer. The resin with 5 wt% PdAS showed the best catalytic activity in methyl cinnamate synthesis. Finally, the best catalytic system was evaluated in octinoxate production producing the target product with the same levels of conversion and selectivity for trans-isomer as was detected for methyl cinnamate synthesis.
Banda sonora e identidades en la generación “Y”
Authors: Gustems Carnicer Josep , Calderón Garrido Diego , Faure Carvallo Adrien , Montoya Rubio Alba 
Published: August 2019

Desde los comienzos del cine, en los que una sola persona se ocupaba prácticamente de todo, la organización de la creación de un film fue evolucionando, y las diversas funciones del proceso fueron aumentando y especializándose progresivamente. La noción de autoría colectiva es un concepto difícil de abordar y de comprender en toda su dimensión. En este artículo se pretende analizarlo, tras estudiar de qué modo la estructura de colaboración en equipo de aquella época influía en sus creadores, y por qué razón se considera que unos son autores, mientras a otros se les niega esa condición. Para examinar a fondo cuál era el sistema de trabajo real de los distintos oficios se La televisión ha tenido una importancia innegable en los años 90 en España, sobre todo para los niños y jóvenes que pertenecen a la llamada generación “Y” o “Millennials”. Este grupo ha crecido paralelamente a la tecnología doméstica y las redes sociales, haciendo de los entornos audiovisuales su hábitat natural. En este contexto, las series televisivas de animación de dicha época causaron una gran influencia en este colectivo que estaba entonces en pleno crecimiento y formación. Nuestro estudio pretende analizar las características sonoras de las cabeceras de las 20 series de animación infantil más vistas en las televisiones españolas de ámbito estatal en los años 90, mediante la aplicación de una plantilla de análisis sonoro-musical validada y aplicada en investigaciones anteriores por diversos autores. Con todo ello se caracteriza el paisaje sonoro que acompañó a esta generación en su infancia, distinguiendo entre distintos perfiles sonoros. Para ello, se analiza la presencia o ausencia de determinados elementos sonoros y musicales, originales o manipulados mediante técnicas de postproducción, orientados a distintos públicos según el sexo, la edad, las emociones, la motivación por la tecnología o por las relaciones sociales. Así pues, se plantea profundizar y sustentar la heterogeneidad presente en los individuos de esta generación, huyendo de clichés homogeneizadores, posibilitando modos distintos de acercamiento a su identidad social y a la riqueza que estos representan para la sociedad española actual, partiendo del sonido que les acompañó y marcó en su infancia.
The evolution from cardiac physiologists to clinical scientists in the UK: a guide to attaining equivalence
Authors: Campbell Brian , Robinson Shaun , Rana Bushra 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
At its inception, transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) was employed as a basic screening tool for the diagnosis of heart valve disease and as a crude indicator of left ventricular function. Since then, echocardiography has developed into a highly valued non-invasive imaging technique capable of providing extremely complex data for the diagnosis of even the subtlest cardiac pathologies. Its role is now pivotal in the diagnosis and monitoring of heart disease. With the evolution of advanced practice and devolving care, ordinarily performed by senior doctors, to the cardiac physiology workforce in the UK, significant benefits in terms of timely patient care and cost savings are possible. However, there needs to be appropriate level of accountability. This accountability is achieved in the UK with statutory regulation of healthcare professionals and is a crucial element in the patient protection system, particularly for professions in patient facing roles. However, statutory regulation for staff practising echocardiography is not currently mandatory in the UK, despite the level of responsibility and influence on patient care. Regulators protect the public against the risk of poor practice by setting agreed standards of practice and competence and registering those who are competent to practice. Regulators take action if professionals on their register do not meet their standards. The current cardiac physiology workforce can be recognised as registered clinical scientists using equivalence process through the Academy for Healthcare Science, and this review aims to describe the process in detail.
Handheld ultrasound to reduce requests for inappropriate echocardiogram (HURRIE)
Authors: Haji Kawa , Wong Chiew , Neil Christopher , Cox Nicholas , Mulligan Andrew , Wright Leah , Vogrin Sara , Marwick Thomas H. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

BackgroundHandheld ultrasound could provide sufficient information to satisfy the clinical questions underlying ‘rarely appropriate’ echo requests, but there are limited data about its use as a gatekeeper to standard echocardiography. We sought to determine whether the use of handheld ultrasound could improve the appropriate use of echocardiography.

Method: A prospective study comparing handheld ultrasound strategy to standard echocardiography for studies deemed rarely appropriate, using a questionnaire based on appropriate use criteria was conducted across two hospitals, from October 2017 to April 2018.

Results: Groups undergoing Handheld ultrasound (n = 76, 58 (46.5–72.5) years, 53 males, 78% outpatients) and standard echocardiography (n = 72, 61 (49.0–71.5) years, 42 males, 76% outpatients) were comparable. There was a significant decrease in the time to scan from just over 1 month in standard group to a median of 12 days in handheld ultrasound group (P < 0.001). This difference was small for inpatients (from 1 day to a median of 10 min in handheld ultrasound, P = 0.014), but prominent in outpatients (from 1.5 months in the standard group to median of 2 weeks in the handheld ultrasound group, P < 0.001). There was no increase in the need for follow-up scan within 6 months and no significant differences in length of hospital stay for inpatients. p]Conclusion: Handheld ultrasound can be an effective gatekeeper to standard echocardiography for requests deemed rarely appropriate, reducing time to echocardiography significantly and potentially decreasing the need for standard echocardiography by up to 20%.