bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate change will both exacerbate and attenuate urbanization impacts on streamflow regimes in southern Willamette Valley, Oregon
Authors: Wu Hong , Johnson Bart R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractInteractions between climate change and urbanization may affect stream ecosystems in unexpected ways. With an integrated modelling framework, we assessed the combined hydrological impacts of climate change and urbanization under historical and future climate regimes across varied development scenarios in three watersheds in the Willamette Valley, Oregon. First, through an agent‐based land use change model Envision, we created four development scenarios that consisted of 2 × 2 combinations of regional growth (compact population growth in urban cores vs. dispersed growth into rural areas) and stormwater management scenarios (with vs. without integrated stormwater management, ISM). ISM was defined as the integration of strategic organization of land uses with site‐scale stormwater best management practices. Next, two future climate regimes were developed by statistically downscaling projections from two general circulation models (CanESM2 and CNRM‐CM5) that performed well in replicating historical climate. The hydrological assessment of these scenarios was then conducted with the Soil and Water Assessment Tool. Using 10 ecologically significant flow metrics, we evaluated each scenario based on the magnitude of change in each metric and the degree to which such changes could be mitigated. Climate change alone led to a drying trend in flow regimes under both future climates. Combined with urbanization, it magnified changes in six of 10 metrics but attenuated impacts for three other measures of flashiness in at least one basin. The combination of compact growth and ISM effectively mitigated alterations for seven (out of nine) metrics sensitive to the combined impacts in at least one basin, with ISM being more effective than compact growth. The modelling framework teased out both nuanced differences and generalizable trends in hydrological impacts of urbanization and climate change and offers key methodological innovations towards an integrated framework capable of linking landscape planning mechanisms with the goal of sustaining stream ecosystem health.
Trait‐based responses of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera to sediment stress in the Tsitsa River and its tributaries, Eastern Cape, South Africa
Authors: Akamagwuna Frank Chukwuzuoke , Mensah Paul Kojo , Nnadozie Chika Felicitas , Odume Oghenekaro Nelson 
Published: June 2019

AbstractElevated instream fine sediment is one of the most important water quality stressors affecting both the structure and function of aquatic ecosystems. This study evaluates whether a predictable pattern of trait distribution of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) can be observed along a gradient of sediment stress in eight selected sites in the Tsitsa River and its tributaries. The sites were classified into four site groups according to their fine sediment loads. One‐way analysis of variance was used to test differences in the relative abundance of traits across the site groups. A predictable pattern was observed in 13 of the 27 trait attributes tested, with most traits displaying low abundances in highly disturbed site groups. The relationship between EPT traits and fine sediment stress was analysed using the multivariate RLQ analysis, and the result showed that traits such as swimming, shredding, operculate gill, small body size, and sclerotized body were the dominant traits in the sediment influenced site groups. In the less disturbed site groups, filter feeding, crawling, filamentous gill, soft and exposed body, and large body size were the dominant trait attributes. These observed relationships between EPT traits and sediment stress provide support for the potential usefulness of EPT traits as indicators of fine sediment stress in riverine ecosystems.
The genus of the Erdős‐Rényi random graph and the fragile genus property
Authors: Dowden Chris , Kang Mihyun , Krivelevich Michael 
Published: June 2019

We investigate the genus g(n,m) of the Erdős‐Rényi random graph G(n,m), providing a thorough description of how this relates to the function m = m(n), and finding that there is different behavior depending on which “region” m falls into.Results already exist for
and for , and so we focus on the intermediate cases. We establish that whp (with high probability) when n ≪ m = n1 + o(1), that g(n,m) = (1 + o(1))μ(λ)m whp for a given function μ(λ) when m∼λn for , and that whp when for n2/3 ≪ s ≪ n.We then also show that the genus of a fixed graph can increase dramatically if a small number of random edges are added. Given any connected graph with bounded maximum degree, we find that the addition of ϵn edges will whp result in a graph with genus Ω(n), even when ϵ is an arbitrarily small constant! We thus call this the “fragile genus” property.
Dynamic Mechanics‐Modulated Hydrogels to Regulate the Differentiation of Stem‐Cell Spheroids in Soft Microniches and Modeling of the Nonlinear Behavior
Authors: Zhang Jianguang , Yang Hua , Abali Bilen Emek , Li Mingjun , Xia Yi , Haag Rainer 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAlthough mechanisms of how physical forces convert into biochemical signals are increasingly understood, it is still unknown how soft cues guide cell behavior. Herein, it is shown that the commitment and differentiation of encapsulating human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) spheroids in thermosensitive 3D hydrogels are simply altered by interpenetrating poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (NIPAM‐HEMA) nanogel to a gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) network. This cell‐laden hydrogel provides dynamic mechanics with covalent crosslinking coordinated reversible physical networks, which can regulate hMSCs in situ by reversibly stiffening soft niches via multicyclic temperature changes from 25 to 37 °C. The spreading of hMSC spheroids in the hydrogel is strongly dependent on myosin‐dependent traction stress with dynamic mechanical stimuli through focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling. Notably, the dynamic microenvironment gradually influences the expression and distribution from the basal to apical side of nuclear lamin A/C and increases the Yes‐associated protein (YAP) nuclear localization with cycles, which ultimately favors hMSCs undergoing osteogenesis (but not adipogenesis) in the soft microniche. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the viscoelastic behavior of the soft microniche can be guided by temperature through a nonlinear model. These findings highlight the central roles of the dynamic relationship between the biomechanical signals and mechanosensitive transcriptional regulators in cellular mechanosensing.
A study of hardware architecture based attacks to bypass operating system security
Authors: Lokhande Vaibhav G. , Vidyarthi Deepti 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMalware target a vulnerability, bug or loophole in software to exploit the system, escalate privileges, extract inaccessible data, or execute code for malicious purpose. We can assert that over the period of time, both hardware and software have evolved and so are their vulnerabilities. But most of the vulnerabilities identified or researched are software oriented. On similar lines, there can be vulnerabilities in the hardware architecture that can be exploited, hidden from upper layer securities like operating system (OS) reference monitor, antivirus, etc. It is difficult to trace the vulnerabilities in the hardware primarily due to complex architecture and difficulties to observe the effects of operations performed across the system. Just like the software, the hardware architecture can also be exploited to develop malware and to gain access to sensitive data. This paper discusses the attacks that exploit the operations performed at the hardware level. We have discussed the different exploits that use the hardware architecture to extract data, their limitations and the future of hardware architecture based exploits. At the end, the data extraction process is validated through our implementation of one of the hardware architecture based exploits. We question about the impact on system security if the hardware architecture is exploited.
Moderne Massenspektrometer in Vakuum‐Applikationen
Authors: Lausberg Stefan 
Published: June 2019

SummaryModern mass spectrometers in vacuum applicationsThe article describes the functionality of quadrupole mass spectrometers and their usage in different applications. Several examples illustrate the importance of careful interpretation of the respective spectra. Some applications allow the direct installation into a vacuum chamber while other applications require an external pump system which is only weakly connected to the vacuum chamber.
The amphipod crustacean Parhyale hawaiensis: An emerging comparative model of arthropod development, evolution, and regeneration
Authors: Sun Dennis A. , Patel Nipam H. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRecent advances in genetic manipulation and genome sequencing have paved the way for a new generation of research organisms. The amphipod crustacean Parhyale hawaiensis is one such system. Parhyale are easy to rear and offer large broods of embryos amenable to injection, dissection, and live imaging. Foundational work has described Parhyale embryonic development, while advancements in genetic manipulation using CRISPR‐Cas9 and other techniques, combined with genome and transcriptome sequencing, have enabled its use in studies of arthropod development, evolution, and regeneration. This study introduces Parhyale development and life history, a catalog of techniques and resources for Parhyale research, and two case studies illustrating its power as a comparative research system.This article is categorized under:
Comparative Development and Evolution > Evolutionary Novelties
Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Regeneration
Comparative Development and Evolution > Model Systems
Comparative Development and Evolution > Body Plan Evolution
Off-shell N = 2 → N = 1 reduction in 4D conformal supergravity
Authors: Yamada Yusuke 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe discussN= 2 →N= 1 reduction in four dimensional conformal supergravity. In particular, we keep the off-shell structure of supermultiplets (except hypermultiplets). As we will show, starting with (almost) off-shell conformal supergravity makes the procedure simpler than that fromN= 2 Poincaré supergravity, which makes it easier to show the correspondence to the standardN= 1 conformal supergravity. We find that theN= 1 superconformal symmetry is simply realized by truncating the gravitino multiplet. We also discuss the consistency with the originalN= 2 system and show the reducedN= 1 conformal supergravity action.
HIV Infection: Its Impact on Patients with Appendicitis in Botswana
Authors: Bedada Alemayehu Ginbo , Hsiao Marvin , Azzie Georges 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundTo compare the presentation, management, and outcome of HIV‐positive patients with appendicitis to those of HIV‐negative patients with appendicitis. Summary Background Data: The literature is limited regarding the impact of HIV infection on patients with appendicitis.MethodsA retrospective review of patients with appendicitis and known HIV status admitted to Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana, aged 13 years and greater was performed from January 2013 to December 2015. Data on patient demographics, presentation, laboratory findings, management, and outcomes were analyzed.ResultsA total of 295 patients with appendicitis and known HIV status were identified, of which 119 (40.3%) were HIV positive. The median [IQR] ages for HIV‐positive and HIV‐negative patients were 34 [29–42] and 26 [20–33] years, respectively. The male‐to‐female ratio for the same two groups was 0.8:1 and 1.4:1, respectively. Presenting symptoms, signs, and white blood cell count were similar in both groups. HIV‐positive patients had significantly higher overall (4.2 vs. 0.0%, p = 0.010) and postoperative (4.4 vs. 0.0%, p = 0.024) mortality rates. There was no significant difference in the total complication rate between HIV‐positive and HIV‐negative patients (13.2 vs. 7.9%, p = 0.192). Compared to HIV‐positive patients with a CD4 count ≥200, patients with a CD4 count <200 have a significantly higher postoperative mortality rate (17.6 vs. 1.4%, p = 0.023) and a trend toward a higher total postoperative complication rate (31.3 vs. 10.8%, p = 0.054).ConclusionWithin our setting, HIV infection, particularly with a CD4 <200, was correlated with significantly higher mortality in patients with acute appendicitis.
Robotic Single‐Port Platform in General, Urologic, and Gynecologic Surgeries: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Cianci S. , Rosati A. , Rumolo V. , Gueli Alletti S. , Gallotta V. , Turco L. C. , Corrado G. , Vizzielli G. , Fagotti A. , Fanfani F. , Scambia G. , Uccella S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundRobotic platforms have recently acquired progressive importance in different surgical fields, such as urology, gynecology, and general surgery. Through the years, new surgical robots have become available as single‐port robotic platform. The study is aimed to value the single‐port robotic platform characteristics in different surgical specialties.MethodsThe terms “LESS” OR “single port” OR “single site” AND “robot” OR “robotic” were systematically used to search the PubMed and Scopus databases. A total of 57 studies were considered eligible for the present review. The articles included were divided according to the surgical field in which the study was conducted: General surgery (29 articles), Gynecology (18 articles), Urology (10 articles).ResultsMost part of the articles showed the feasibility of robotic single‐port surgical procedures and described advantages in terms of cosmetic, hospital stay, and in some series even cost reduction. A meta‐analysis was conducted, showing a significant increment of complications using RSP if compared with SLPS and a trend (P = 0.008) when RSP was compared with LESS. The comparison of different techniques in terms of conversion to laparotomy did not show any significant difference.ConclusionRobotic single port potentially furnishes an important surgical and post‐operatory improvement; however, some limits still prolong the surgical time and complication rate.
Characterization of heterotrophic growth and sesquiterpene production by Rhodobacter sphaeroides on a defined medium
Authors: Orsi Enrico , Folch Pauline L , Monje-López Vicente T , Fernhout Bas M , Turcato Alessandro , Kengen Servé W M , Eggink Gerrit , Weusthuis Ruud A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Rhodobacter sphaeroides is a metabolically versatile bacterium capable of producing terpenes natively. Surprisingly, terpene biosynthesis in this species has always been investigated in complex media, with unknown compounds possibly acting as carbon and nitrogen sources. Here, a defined medium was adapted for R. sphaeroides dark heterotrophic growth, and was used to investigate the conversion of different organic substrates into the reporter terpene amorphadiene. The amorphadiene synthase was cloned in R. sphaeroides, allowing its biosynthesis via the native 2-methyl-d-erythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) pathway and, additionally, via a heterologous mevalonate one. The latter condition increased titers up to eightfold. Consequently, better yields and productivities to previously reported complex media cultivations were achieved. Productivity was further investigated under different cultivation conditions, including nitrogen and oxygen availability. This novel cultivation setup provided useful insight into the understanding of terpene biosynthesis in R. sphaeroides, allowing to better comprehend its dynamics and regulation during chemoheterotrophic cultivation.
A Systematic Quantitative Literature Review of Southeast Asian and Micronesian Rock Art
Authors: Jalandoni Andrea , Taçon Paul , Haubt Robert 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTEven though Southeast Asia is one of the most densely populated regions of the world, its rock art is relatively unknown, and the rock art of Micronesia is even less so. As a starting point for comparing Philippine rock art within the region, a systematic quantitative literature review (SQLR) was conducted to assess the current body of accessible publications. The SQLR resulted in 126 viable references, and characteristics of those references were quantified and analyzed to ascertain the qualities of research published to date. The SQLR results show that scholarship in Southeast Asian rock art is increasing and that the research is dominated by Australia-affiliated scholars. It also quantitatively affirmed that the most noted color for rock art in the region is red and the most commonly identified motif is anthropomorphic. Many motifs found elsewhere in Southeast Asia are notably absent in the known corpus of Philippine rock art. Finally, we discuss SQLR methodology and propose integrating collaborative semantic web applications to increase efficiency and relevance.
Associations between usual food intake and faecal sterols and bile acids: results from the Cooperative Health Research in the Augsburg Region (KORA FF4) study
Authors: Mitry Patricia , Wawro Nina , Sharma Sapna , Kriebel Jennifer , Artati Anna , Adamski Jerzy , Heier Margit , Meisinger Christa , Thorand Barbara , Grallert Harald , Peters Annette , Linseisen Jakob 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAnimal sterols, plant sterols and bile acids in stool samples have been suggested as biomarkers of dietary intake. It is still unknown whether they also reflect long-term habitual dietary intake and can be used in aetiological research. In a subgroup of the Cooperative Health Research in the Augsburg Region (KORA FF4) study, habitual dietary intake was estimated based on repeated 24-h food list and a FFQ. Stool samples were collected according to a standard operating procedure and those meeting the quality criteria were extracted and analysed by means of a metabolomics technique. The present study is based on data from 513 men and 495 women with a mean age of 60 and 58 years, respectively, for which faecal animal and plant sterols and bile acids concentrations and dietary intake data were available. In adjusted regression models, the associations between food intake and log-normalised metabolite concentrations were analysed. Bonferroni correction was used to account for multiple testing. In this population-based sample, associations between habitual dietary intake and faecal concentrations of animal sterols were identified, while the impact of usual diet on bile acids was limited. A habitual diet high in ‘fruits’ and ‘nuts and seeds’ is associated with lower animal faecal sterols concentrations, whereas a diet high in ‘meat and meat products’ is positively related to faecal concentrations of animal sterols. A positive association between glycocholate and fruit consumption was found. Further studies are necessary for evaluation of faecal animal sterols as biomarkers of diet. The findings need to be confirmed in other populations with diverse dietary habits.
IV.—Description of a Slab from the Shale Above the Kinder Scout Grit, Rabchester, Lancashire. Obtained by K. H. Tiddeman, Esq., M.A., F.G.S.
Authors: Hind Wheelton 
Published: June 2019

Mention is made of this slab by Mr. E. Etheridge, jun., in his Presidential Address to the Royal Physical Society of Edinburgh, p. 50. The specimen is in the Museum of Natural History, Cromwell Eoad, South Kensington.The slab shows a piece of fossil wood 2¾ in. long by about 1½ in. broad, the exact nature of which is not determinable on account of its bad state of preservation, but this is fortunately not germane to the subject; it lies flat and compressed and is surrounded on three sides by masses of Mollusca, in places two and three deep, which have doubtless been attached to the wood by their byssi. The anterior ends and in many cases the inferior borders are turned towards the piece of wood and are in close contact with it, while others are again attached to the first row, as in masses of living mussels.
V.—The Amount of Disseminated Silica in Chalk Considered in Relation to Flints
Authors: Jukes-Browne A. J. 
Published: June 2019

It has been supposed, though I do not know who was the first to suggest it, that the total amounts of silica existing in the Chalk with flints and the Chalk without flints respectively are very nearly equal: the idea being that if the quantity of silica disseminated through the flintless Chalk could be accurately estimated it would be found to be nearly or quite as great as the amount existing in the shape of flints in an equal thickness of flinty Chalk.Proceeding on this assumption it seems also to have been inferred that silica was originally disseminated through the mass of the Upper Chalk, and that this silica has in some mysterious way been concentrated into nodules and layers of flint, leaving the surrounding Chalk in the condition of a nearly pure calcareous material.
The German Laws of Insurance Against Invalidity and Old Age: A History, Analysis and Criticism
Authors: Young T. E. 
Published: June 2019

The law adopted by the German Reichstag on the 23rd of May 1889 for insurance against invalidity and old age must demand careful attention as one of the most daring social and economic experiments in modern history.Its many varied aspects solicit and repay the sedulous thought of the philosopher, as a contribution to one of the deepest problems in the evolution of man: of the statesman, as a signal tentative experiment in the compacting of a nation into an intimate and interdependent unity: of the economist, as a bold departure from principles of social condition which had generally prevailed, and as a practical criticism upon the doctrine of laissez faire: of the historian, as a problem in the mode of development of nations: of the moralist, as a contribution to practical social ethics: and of the actuary, as affording him a question which peculiarly is fitted to engage the disciplined thought and experience in which he has been trained.
Comparison of oral steroid regimens for acute acoustic trauma caused by gunshot noise exposure
Authors: Choi N , Kim J S , Chang Y-S 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere are no definite guidelines regarding the most adequate steroid regimens for acute acoustic trauma.ObjectiveTo elucidate the dose-dependent differing benefits of oral steroids on hearing improvement following acute acoustic trauma.MethodsTwenty-nine patients treated with oral steroids following a diagnosis of unilateral acute acoustic trauma were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were sorted into two groups with an oral steroid regimen. Group 1 received a 14-day course of treatment: 60 mg prednisolone daily for 10 days, tapering off over days 11–14. Group 2 received prednisolone for a total of 10 days: 60 mg for 5 days, tapering down each day for the remainder. Multivariable linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the factors associated with the hearing gain.ResultsIn the multivariable regression (R2 = 0.51, p < 0.001), patients in group 1 showed more significant improvement in the degree of hearing gain compared to group 2 (p = 0.03).ConclusionAfter comparing the differing benefits of oral steroids on hearing improvement by dosage, we recommend a high dose of prednisolone (60 mg per day) for 10 days, tapering over the remaining 4 days, for better hearing recovery following acute acoustic trauma.