bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between gaps in antihypertensive medication adherence and injurious falls in older community-dwelling adults: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Dillon Paul , Smith Susan M , Gallagher Paul John , Cousins Gráinne 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveGrowing evidence suggests that older adults are at an increased risk of injurious falls when initiating antihypertensive medication, while the evidence regarding long-term use of antihypertensive medication and the risk of falling is mixed. However, long-term users who stop and start these medications may have a similar risk of falling to initial users of antihypertensive medication. Our aim was to evaluate the association between gaps in antihypertensive medication adherence and injurious falls in older (≥65 years) community-dwelling, long-term (≥≥1 year) antihypertensive users.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingIrish Community Pharmacy.ParticipantsConsecutive participants presenting a prescription for antihypertensive medication to 106 community pharmacies nationwide, community-dwelling, ≥65 years, with no evidence of cognitive impairment, taking antihypertensive medication for ≥1 year (n=938).MeasuresGaps in antihypertensive medication adherence were evaluated from linked dispensing records as the number of 5-day gaps between sequential supplies over the 12-month period prior to baseline. Injurious falls during follow-up were recorded via questionnaire during structured telephone interviews at 12 months.ResultsAt 12 months, 8.1% (n=76) of participants reported an injurious fall requiring medical attention. The mean number of 5-day gaps in medication refill behaviour was 1.47(SD 1.58). In adjusted, modified Poisson models, 5-day medication refill gaps at baseline were associated with a higher risk of an injurious fall during follow-up (aRR 1.18, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.37,p=0.024).ConclusionEach 5-day gap in antihypertensive refill adherence increased the risk of self-reported injurious falls by 18%. Gaps in antihypertensive adherence may be a marker for increased risk of injurious falls. It is unknown whether adherence-interventions will reduce subsequent risk. This finding is hypothesis generating and should be replicated in similar populations.
Gonorrhoea and chlamydia diagnosis as an entry point for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis: a modelling study
Authors: Kasaie Parastu , Schumacher Christina M , Jennings Jacky M , Berry Stephen A , Tuddenham Susan A , Shah Maunank S , Rosenberg Eli S , Hoover Karen W , Gift Thomas L , Chesson Harrell , German Danielle , Dowdy David W 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesNeisseria gonorrhoeae(NG) andChlamydia trachomatis(CT) increase the risk of HIV transmission among men who have sex with men (MSM). Diagnosis of NG/CT may provide an efficient entry point for prevention of HIV through the delivery of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP); however, the additional population-level impact of targeting PrEP to MSM diagnosed with NG/CT is unknown.DesignAn agent-based simulation model of NG/CT and HIV cocirculation among MSM calibrated against census data, disease surveillance reports and the US National HIV Behavioral Surveillance study.SettingBaltimore City, Maryland, USA.InterventionsPrEP implementation was modelled under three alternative scenarios: (1) PrEP delivery at NG/CT diagnosis (targeted delivery), (2) PrEP evaluation at NG/CT screening/testing and (3) PrEP evaluation in the general community (untargeted).Main outcomeThe projected incidence of HIV after 20 years of PrEP delivery under two alternatives: when equal numbers of MSM are (1) screened for PrEP or (2) receive PrEP in each year.ResultsAssuming 60% uptake and 60% adherence, targeting PrEP to MSM diagnosed with NG/CT could reduce HIV incidence among MSM in Baltimore City by 12.4% (95% uncertainty range (UR) 10.3% to 14.4%) in 20 years, relative to no PrEP. Expanding the coverage of NG/CT screening (such that individuals experience a 50% annual probability of NG/CT screening and evaluation for PrEP on NG/CT diagnosis) can further increase the impact of targeted PrEP to generate a 22.0% (95% UR 20.1% to 23.9%) reduction in HIV incidence within 20 years. When compared with alternative implementation scenarios, PrEP evaluation at NG/CT diagnosis increased impact of PrEP on HIV incidence by 1.5(95% UR 1.1 to 1.9) times relative to a scenario in which PrEP evaluation happened at the time of NG/CT screening/testing and by 1.6 (95% UR 1.2 to 2.2) times relative to evaluating random MSM from the community.ConclusionsTargeting MSM infected with NG/CT increases the efficiency and effectiveness of PrEP delivery. If high levels of sexually transmitted infection screening can be achieved at the community level, NG/CT diagnosis may be a highly effective entry point for PrEP initialisation.
Multilevel model of stigma and barriers to cancer palliative care in India: a qualitative study
Authors: Harding Richard , Nair Shoba , Ekstrand Maria 
Published: March 2019

IntroductionPalliative care coverage and opioid consumption in India are relatively low compared with global data. The literature suggests commonplace concealment and collusion in withholding information, but these hypotheses lack evidence.ObjectivesThis study aimed to develop an explanatory evidence-based model of stigma, communication and access to cancer palliative care in India that can be used to develop, test and implement future interventions.DesignThis cross-sectional qualitative study sampled advanced cancer patients (n=10), their family caregivers (n=10) and oncologists (n=10). Grounded theory procedures were utilised to analyse transcripts, and a theoretical model generated.SettingA tertiary teaching hospital in South India.ResultsThe model explains how stigma associated with communicating a diagnosis of advanced cancer is enacted by treating oncologists, family members and community. This leads to patient expectations of cure and futile treatment uptake. Patients commonly only present needs with respect to pain, not within psychological, social or spiritual domains, likely due to the lack of patients’ insight into their diagnosis and prognosis. As a result of oncologists’ and families’ unwillingness to disclose the prognosis, and patient focus on pain due to their lack of insight, palliative care clinicians view their services as under-utilised, and patients perceive palliative care as a pain management service that is not ‘different’ from other clinical services. Advanced care needs and purchase of futile treatments lead to lost employment among families, increased family debt and high care costs, which are rarely disclosed due to their unwillingness to discuss their needs.ConclusionOur novel theoretical model is an essential first step to ensure that complex interventions are plausible, with mechanisms of action that address the needs of relevant stakeholders. A family-centred approach with an oncology workforce skilled in communication and an enabled patient population could increase access to palliative care, and improved outcomes may be attainable.
Can the appropriateness of eye care be measured through cross-sectional retrospective patient record review in eye care practices in Australia? The iCareTrack feasibility study
Authors: Ho Kam Chun , Rahardjo Dian , Stapleton Fiona , Wiles Louise , Hibbert Peter D , White Andrew J R , Hayen Andrew , Jalbert Isabelle 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesThe CareTrack study found that a wide range of appropriateness of care (ie, care in line with evidence-based or consensus-based guidelines) was delivered across many health conditions in Australia. This study therefore aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of using the CareTrack method (a retrospective onsite record review) to measure the appropriateness of eye care delivery.DesignCross-sectional feasibility study.Setting and participantsTwo hundred and thirteen patient records randomly selected from eight optometry and ophthalmology practices in Australia, selected through a combination of convenience and maximum variation sampling.MethodsRetrospective record review designed to assess the alignment between eye care delivered and 93 clinical indicators (Delphi method involving 11 experts) extracted from evidence-based clinical practice guidelines.Primary outcome measureNumber of eligible patient records, sampling rates and data collection time. This feasibility study also tested the ability of 93 clinical indicators to measure percentage appropriate eye care for preventative, glaucoma and diabetic eye care. A secondary outcome was the percentage of practitioner–patient encounters at which appropriate eye care was received.ResultsA median of 20 records (range 9 to 63) per practice were reviewed. Data collection time ranged from 3 to 5.5 hours (median 3.5). The most effective sampling strategy involved random letter generation followed by sequential sampling. The appropriateness of care was 69% (95% CI 67% to 70%) for preventative eye care, 60% (95% CI 56% to 58%) for glaucoma and 63% (95% CI 57% to 69%) for diabetic eye care.ConclusionsAppropriateness of eye care can be measured effectively using retrospective record review of eye care practices and consensus-based care indicators.
Delays between the onset of symptoms and first rheumatology consultation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in the UK: an observational study
Authors: Stack Rebecca Jayne , Nightingale Peter , Jinks Clare , Shaw Karen , Herron-Marx Sandy , Horne Rob , Deighton Chris , Kiely Patrick , Mallen Christian , Raza Karim 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveTo investigate delays from symptom onset to rheumatology assessment for patients with a new onset of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or unclassified arthritis.MethodsNewly presenting adults with either RA or unclassified arthritis were recruited from rheumatology clinics. Data on the length of time between symptom onset and first seeing a GP (patient delay), between first seeing a general practitioner (GP) and being referred to a rheumatologist (general practitioner delay) and being seen by a rheumatologist following referral (hospital delay) were captured.Results822 patients participated (563 female, mean age 55 years). The median time between symptom onset and seeing a rheumatologist was 27.2 weeks (IQR 14.1–66 weeks); only 20% of patients were seen within the first 3 months following symptom onset. The median patient delay was 5.4 weeks (IQR 1.4–26.3 weeks). Patients who purchased over-the-counter medications or used ice/heat packs took longer to seek help than those who did not. In addition, those with a palindromic or an insidious symptom onset delayed for longer than those with a non-palindromic or acute onset. The median general practitioner delay was 6.9 weeks (IQR 2.3–20.3 weeks). Patients made a mean of 4 GP visits before being referred. The median hospital delay was 4.7 weeks (IQR 2.9–7.5 weeks).ConclusionThis study identified delays at all levels in the pathway towards assessment by a rheumatologist. However, delays in primary care were particularly long. Patient delay was driven by the nature of symptom onset. Complex multi-faceted interventions to promote rapid help seeking and to facilitate prompt onward referral from primary care should be developed.
Use of metabolomics for predicting spontaneous preterm birth in asymptomatic pregnant women: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Souza Renato T , Galvão Rafael Bessa , Leite Debora Farias Batista , Passini Jr Renato , Baker Philip , Cecatti Jose Guilherme 
Published: March 2019

IntroductionPreterm birth (PTB) is the leading cause of neonatal mortality and short- and long-term morbidity. The aetiology and pathophysiology of spontaneous PTB (sPTB) are still unclear, which makes the identification of reliable and accurate predictor markers more difficult, particularly for unscreened or asymptomatic women. Metabolomics biomarkers have been demonstrated to be potentially accurate biomarkers for many disorders with complex mechanisms such as PTB. Therefore, we aim to perform a systematic review of metabolomics markers associated with sPTB. Our research question is ‘What is the performance of metabolomics for predicting spontaneous preterm birth in asymptomatic pregnant women?’Methods and analysisWe will focus on studies assessing metabolomics techniques for predicting sPTB in asymptomatic pregnant women. We will conduct a comprehensive systematic review of the literature from the last 10 years. Only observational cohort and case-control studies will be included. Our search strategy will be carried out by two independent reviewers, who will scan title and abstract before carrying out a full review of the article. The scientific databases to be explored include PubMed, MedLine, ScieLo, EMBASE, LILACS, Web of Science, Scopus and others.Ethics and disseminationThis systematic review protocol does not require ethical approval. We intend to disseminate our findings in scientific peer-reviewed journal, the Preterm SAMBA study open access website, specialists’ conferences and to our funding agencies.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018100172.
Association between anxiety, depression and quality of life: study protocol for a systematic review of evidence from longitudinal studies
Authors: Hohls Johanna Katharina , König Hans-Helmut , Quirke Eleanor , Hajek André 
Published: March 2019

IntroductionEvidence from individual longitudinal studies suggests that anxiety and depression may impact quality of life. However, systematic reviews synthesising current evidence have mainly focused on specific samples. Thus, the aim of this study is to synthesise evidence from longitudinal studies on the association between anxiety, depression and quality of life in a systematic review.Methods and analysisA systematic review of evidence from longitudinal studies analysing the association between anxiety, depression and quality of life will be conducted, taking into account the current Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. Several electronic databases from relevant fields of research (PubMed, PsycINFO, PSYNDEX, EconLit, NHS EED) will be searched in September 2018 using defined search terms, with an updated search planned. Moreover, reference lists of included studies will be searched manually. Study eligibility will be appraised in a two-step process against pre-defined inclusion/exclusion criteria. Primarily, information on study design and assessment, statistical methods, participant characteristics as well as results regarding our research question will be extracted. The quality of included studies will be assessed using an appropriate tool. Study selection, data extraction and assessment of study quality will be performed by two reviewers. Disagreements will be resolved through discussion or by inclusion of a third party. Results will be synthesised narratively in text and tables. Depending on the number and heterogeneity of the studies included, a meta-analysis will be performed.Ethics and disseminationAs no primary data will be collected, approval from an ethics committee is not required. Results will be disseminated through conference presentations and publication in a peer-reviewed, scientific journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018108008.
PAM
Authors: Sun Yihan , Ferizovic Daniel , Belloch Guy E. 
Published: March 2019

Ordered (key-value) maps are an important and widely-used data type for large-scale data processing frameworks. Beyond simple search, insertion and deletion, more advanced operations such as range extraction, filtering, and bulk updates form a critical part of these frameworks.
We describe an interface for ordered maps that is augmented to support fast range queries and sums, and introduce a parallel and concurrent library called PAM (Parallel Augmented Maps) that implements the interface. The interface includes a wide variety of functions on augmented maps ranging from basic insertion and deletion to more interesting functions such as union, intersection, filtering, extracting ranges, splitting, and range-sums. We describe algorithms for these functions that are efficient both in theory and practice.
As examples of the use of the interface and the performance of PAM we apply the library to four applications: simple range sums, interval trees, 2D range trees, and ranked word index searching. The interface greatly simplifies the implementation of these data structures over direct implementations. Sequentially the code achieves performance that matches or exceeds existing libraries designed specially for a single application, and in parallel our implementation gets speedups ranging from 40 to 90 on 72 cores with 2-way hyperthreading.
Tumor Landscapes: β-Catenin Drives Immune Desertification
Authors: Dangaj Denarda , Barras David , Coukos George 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade therapy requires a preestablished activated immune landscape. Understanding tumor-intrinsic mechanisms that lead to T-cell desertification is key to resensitizing them to such therapies. The WNT/β-catenin tumor-intrinsic signaling is emerging as an immune exclusion pathway that holds high promise to counteract resistance to immunotherapy.
See related article by Luke et al., p. 3074
A Stromal Lysolipid–Autotaxin Signaling Axis Promotes Pancreatic Tumor Progression
Authors: Auciello Francesca R. , Bulusu Vinay , Oon Chet , Tait-Mulder Jacqueline , Berry Mark , Bhattacharyya Sohinee , Tumanov Sergey , Allen-Petersen Brittany L. , Link Jason , Kendsersky Nicholas D. , Vringer Esmee , Schug Michelle , Novo David , Hwang Rosa F. , Evans Ronald M. , Nixon Colin , Dorrell Craig , Morton Jennifer P. , Norman Jim C. , Sears Rosalie C. , Kamphorst Jurre J. , Sherman Mara H. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) develops a pronounced stromal response reflecting an aberrant wound-healing process. This stromal reaction features transdifferentiation of tissue-resident pancreatic stellate cells (PSC) into activated cancer-associated fibroblasts, a process induced by PDAC cells but of unclear significance for PDAC progression. Here, we show that PSCs undergo a dramatic lipid metabolic shift during differentiation in the context of pancreatic tumorigenesis, including remodeling of the intracellular lipidome and secretion of abundant lipids in the activated, fibroblastic state. Specifically, stroma-derived lysophosphatidylcholines support PDAC cell synthesis of phosphatidylcholines, key components of cell membranes, and also facilitate production of the potent wound-healing mediator lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) by the extracellular enzyme autotaxin, which is overexpressed in PDAC. The autotaxin–LPA axis promotes PDAC cell proliferation, migration, and AKT activation, and genetic or pharmacologic autotaxin inhibition suppresses PDAC growth in vivo. Our work demonstrates how PDAC cells exploit the local production of wound-healing mediators to stimulate their own growth and migration.

Significance:
Our work highlights an unanticipated role for PSCs in producing the oncogenic LPA signaling lipid and demonstrates how PDAC tumor cells co-opt the release of wound-healing mediators by neighboring PSCs to promote their own proliferation and migration.
See related commentary by Biffi and Tuveson, p. 578.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 565
Bowel Preparation for Colonoscopy in Children: 1 Day PEG-3350 with Bisacodyl versus 3 Day Sennosides
Authors: Tutar Engin , Bayrak Nevzat Aykut , Volkan Burcu , Ertem Deniz 
Published: March 2019

<b><i>Background and Objectives:</i></b> Bowel preparation (BP) for colonoscopy is a challenging procedure in children and different regimens have been used for this purpose. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is the most preferred agent in recent years. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of 1-day PEG-3350 with bisacodyl (PEG-B) and comparing it with 3-day sennosides A+B. <b><i>Method:</i></b> In this prospective, randomized, and single-blinded study, children aged 2–18 years were included in the PEG-B group for 1 day or in Senna group for 3 days. The effectiveness of BP was assessed according to the Ottawa and Boston BP scales, compliance and adverse effects were also recorded. Pre- and post-preparation biochemistry were obtained for investigation of safety of both regimens. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Successful BP was observed in 88.3% (<i>n</i> = 53/60) of PEG-B and 86% (<i>n</i> = 55/64) of Senna groups according to Boston scale, and it was 85% (<i>n</i> = 51/60) and 84.4% (<i>n</i> = 54/64), respectively, according to Ottawa scale. The cecal intubation rate was 96.7% (<i>n</i> = 58/60) in the PEG-B group and 93.8% (<i>n</i> = 60/64) in the Senna group. Ease of administration and disturbance in regular daily activities was better in the PEG-B group (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05). There was no major adverse event and biochemical abnormality in both groups. The correlation between Ottawa and Boston scales was found to be excellent (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup> = –0.954, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.01). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The efficacy, safety, and adverse effect profile of 1-day BP with PEG-B regimen was found to be similar to 3-day sennosides regimen, however, the PEG-B regimen had advantages such as short duration, ease of administration, and better patient comfort. Also, high correlation rate between the Boston and Ottawa scales in pediatric patients was remarkable.
Improving the Diagnosis of Culprit Left Circumflex Occlusion With Acute Myocardial Infarction in Patients With a Nondiagnostic 12‐Lead ECG at Presentation: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Daly Michael J. , Scott Peter J. , Harbinson Mark T. , Adgey Jennifer A. 
Published: March 2019

Background

Left circumflex culprit is often missed by the standard 12‐lead
ECG
. Extended lead systems (body surface potential map [
BSPM
]) should improve the diagnosis of culprit left circumflex stenosis with myocardial infarction.

Methods and Results

Retrospective analysis of a hospital research registry (August 2000–August 2010) comprising consecutive patients with (1) ischemic‐type chest pain at rest; (2) 12‐lead
ECG
and 80‐lead
BSPM
at first medical contact; and (3) cardiac troponin‐T 12 hours after symptom onset and/or creatine kinase MB fraction, were undertaken. Enrolled in the cohort were patients with culprit left circumflex stenosis (thrombolysis in myocardial infarction flow grade 0/1) at angiography. Acute myocardial infarction
AMI
was defined as cardiac troponin‐T ≥0.1 μg/L and/or creatine kinase MB fraction >2 upper limits of normal. Enrolled were 482 patients: 168 had exclusion criteria. Of the remaining 314 (age 64±11 years; 62% male), 254 (81%) had
AMI
: of these, 231 had
BSPM STE
—sensitivity 0.91, specificity 0.72, positive predictive value 0.93, negative predictive value 0.65, and c‐statistic 0.803 for
AMI
(
P
<0.001). Of those with
BSPM STE
and
AMI
(n=231),
STE
was most frequently detected in the posterior (n=111, 48%), lateral (n=53, 23%), inferior (n=39, 17%), and right ventricular (n=21, 9%) territories.

Conclusions

Among patients with 12‐lead
ECG
non‐ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction and culprit left circumflex stenosis, initial
BSPM
identifies ST‐segment elevation beyond the territory of the 12‐lead
ECG
. Greater use of the
BSPM
may result in earlier identification of
AMI
, which may lead to more rapid reperfusion.
Two new species of phytoseiid mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) from Cameroon, Central Africa
Authors: ZANNOU IGNACE DOSSA , ZUNDEL CHRISTINE , HANNA RACHID , DE MORAES GILBERTO JOSE 
Published: March 2019

Two new mite species of the family Phytoseiidae (Acari: Mesostigmata), Neoseiulus yanineki sp. nov. and Typhlodromips cameroonensis sp. nov., are described from Cameroon, Central Africa.