bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic Variability of 11 Local Cacao Clones Derived from West Sumatra Using SSR Markers
Authors: Tresniawati Cici , Izzah Nur Kholilatul , Sulistiyorini Indah , Wicaksono Ilham Nur Ardhi 
Published: February 2018

<p>Indonesia is the third largest cacao producing-country in the world and known having many superior local clones, such as that found in Lima Puluh Kota Regency, West Sumatra. However, there is lack of information about genetic background of those local cacao clones. This study aimed to assess genetic variability of 11 local cacao clones collected from Lima Puluh Kota Regency, West Sumatra using SSR markers. The research was conducted in the Integrated Laboratory, Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute (IIBCRI), Sukabumi, from August to November 2016. The genetic variabilities of local cacao studied were compared with 9 national varieties as reference genomes. Total genomic DNA of the plants was isolated using CTAB method. Cacao DNA was amplified using 18 SSR markers to determine their genetic variability. Afterward, the amplified DNA was separated using 6% non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The result exhibited that 12 markers were polymorphic. Further analysis of these polymorphic markers using PowerMarker program revealed a total of 83 alleles were obtained from all cacao clones analyzed. Meanwhile, PIC values ranged from 0.55 to 0.86 with an average of 0.70. A genetic similarity matrix based on UPGMA revealed three main groups at 68% similarity coefficients. Interestingly, all of the 11 local cacao clones were clearly distinguished each other and also from the national varieties. The result demonstrated the usefulness of SSR markers for discriminating local cacao clones. Further study is required to use these local clones in cacao breeding programs.</p>
Methods For Restoring and Describing Ancient Clinoform Surfaces
Authors: Klausen Tore Grane , Helland-Hansen William 
Published: February 2018

AbstractClinoform geometries demarcate a relative change from shallow to deeper waters and are therefore routinely used as paleogeography and paleobathymetry indicators. Distinct segments of the clinoform surface are defined based on their discrete breaks in slope, and these points define parameters which are used to describe and compare clinoform geometries from different basins and ages. In most cases, the breaks in slope are readily interpreted, but placement of the various breaks in slope remains mostly subjective and not strictly uniform. For clinoform geometries with gentle transitions and less accentuated breaks in slope, e.g., mud-prone systems, distinct breaks in slope can vary over many kilometers depending on selection criteria and detection method. The older and more complex history of the investigated strata, the harder it becomes to correctly place the different breaks in slope.This study proposes a common reference frame using an upper regional datum, in which the geometries of ancient clinoform surfaces can be restored. Restoration is performed with standard decompaction techniques, but we compare isostatic compensation using Airy isostasy with different scenarios of flexural support for the sediment load. Regression is used to fit a surface function to georeferenced points along the restored clinoform surface, and derivatives of this surface function are used to objectively and accurately describe and measure parameters such as relief, length, and gradient, in addition to numerically defining the bottomset, foreset, and topset segments of the clinoform surface. This enables comparison with modern counterparts unaltered by postdepositional subsidence and compaction, and the proposed procedure can be applied to 2D profiles from seismic, outcrop, or closely spaced well logs. It can also help in the analyses of 3D surfaces and the trajectory of discrete breaks in slope on successive clinoform surfaces. Accurate reconstructions and objective parameterization directly affect interpretation of shelf–slope sediment partitioning and depositional environment.
Nuevas tecnologías para la zonificación y clasificación de las zonas productivas del sector vitícola
Authors: Aguilar Morales Damián Antonio 
Published: February 2018

La zonificación del terreno agrícola para uso vitícola se ha convertido en una asignatura pendiente dentro del sector agrario español. Los problemas derivados de la obtención de datos fiables y precisos sobre estos terrenos, y el coste elevado de la obtención de estos, ha llevado al sector a no haber realizado la correcta valoración y clasificación de estas zonas agrarias, con la pertinente perdida de las capacidades productivas para este. Como medio para solucionar estos problemas, se ha encontrado un aliado definitivo en el uso de las nuevas tecnologías, brindándonos la posibilidad de llevar a cabo un ambicioso proyecto de recopilación de estos valiosos datos de forma masiva, sencilla y económica, mediante el desarrollo de un software gratuito para la gestión vitícola integral. Este software, tendrá como misión la obtención de estos datos de una forma estructurada y geolocalizada, obteniéndose como resultado una completa base de datos climáticos, edáficos y agronómicos de los suelos vitícolas del país, de forma que se pueda llevar a cabo la precisa zonificación de estos.
Desarrollo de bioproductos de Arundo donax L. orientados al secuestro de carbono y reducción de la pérdida de biodiversidad
Authors: Pelegrín Muelas Mariano 
Published: February 2018

En España las cuencas de los ríos están colonizadas por cañas, lo que produce una pérdida importante de biodiversidad. Arundo donax L está considerada como una de las 100 peores especies invasoras del mundo, según la Base de Datos Mundial de Especies Invasoras de la UICN. Dos de los objetivos de la estrategia europea para la mitigación de la pérdida de biodiversidad para el 2020 son “mantener y restaurar los ecosistemas” y “combatir las especies invasoras alóctonas”. En este estudio se proponen dos soluciones desde la ciencia: utilizar la biomasa para usos constructivos e incorporar partículas de caña común al compostaje.
Fracturing Fluid High-Temperature Breaker for Improving Well Performance
Authors: McConnell Bruce 
Published: February 2018

E&P Exchange
Crosslinked polymers (borate and organo-metallic) are used routinely in fracturing treatments. At temperatures exceeding 225°F, thermal oxidation has been considered sufficient for degradation of the crosslinked polymer. However, industry consortium studies have shown that damage caused by the polymeric gels at high temperatures can be significant. These studies did not use oxidative breakers to remove damage, which indicates that thermal degradation of polymeric gels is slow and incomplete without the aid of oxidation, even at high temperatures.
Gel breakers, oxidative and enzymatic, are used to degrade the polymer and to clean up the proppant pack. The most commonly used oxidative breakers (persulfate salts) and enzymes are limited by temperature (200°F) and/or pH (3 to 9). The reactivity of the oxidative breakers increases with temperature and limits the amount of breaker that can be used for degradation of the polymer gel without premature loss of viscosity. High concentrations of oxidative breakers have been shown to improve proppant-pack permeability significantly. The reactivity of the oxidative breakers can be delayed by encapsulation, which allows increased concentrations within the proppant pack for polymeric gel/filter-cake removal. Field and laboratory studies have shown the benefits of delayed release breakers for gel/filter-cake removal. The delayed breaker improved fracture conductivity and well performance. Encapsulation of persulfate breakers can extend their temperature range but may have little effect on polymeric damage reduction at temperatures exceeding 225°F.
A PVC-pipe device as a sanitary barrier for improving rainwater quality for drinking purposes in the Brazilian semiarid region
Authors: de Carvalho José Roberto Santo , Luz Julio , Santos Sylvana Melo , Gavazza Sávia 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
We evaluate the behavior of a device designed to automatically divert and store the first flush of harvested rainwater in cisterns. The first phase (PI) was conducted with artificial precipitation in an experimental installation seeking to identify how many millimeters of rainwater should be diverted to preserve the rainwater quality. In the second phase (PII), we designed a PVC-pipe device to store the first millimeter of rainwater, and tested it in field (a rural area in Brazil) during two real rainfall events. In the third phase (PIII), the device and a hand pump were assayed for two years using eight cisterns in a rural area where people drink the rainwater. PI results indicated that the most significant pollution of the rainwater is flushed with the first millimeter of rain, and diversion promoted the removal of 98% and 100% of the total coliforms and Escherichia coli, respectively. The bacteriological behavior was maintained in the subsequent phases. The device was able to preserve the quality of the rainwater most of the time, satisfying drinking requirements for the parameters of turbidity and color. The satisfactory performance of the device was confirmed in the field, behaving as a sanitary barrier for rainwater quality protection.
Kinetics of Decomposition Reactions of Acetic Acid Using DFT Approach
Authors: Verma Anand Mohan , Kishore Nanda 
Published: February 2018

Object:Excessive amount of oxygen content in unprocessed bio-oil deteriorates the quality of bio-oil which cannot be used in transportation vehicles without upgrading. Acetic acid (CH3COOH) is a vital component of ‘acids’ catalogue of unprocessed bio-oil produced from thermochemical conversions of most of biomass feedstocks such as switchgrass, alfalfa, etc. In this study, the decomposition reactions of acetic acid are carried out by two reaction pathways,i.e., decarboxylation and dehydration reactions. In addition, the reaction rates of decomposition are analysed in a wide range of temperatures,i.e., 298-900 K and at atmospheric pressure.Method:All quantum chemical calculations are performed in the gas phase using two DFT functionals, B3LYP and M06-2X, with 6-31g(d) basis set. The dehydration reaction of acetic acid proceeds directly from ground state structure of acetic acid, whereas, decarboxylation reaction forms an unstable intermediate of acetic acid to initiate the proton migration. Barrier height and kinetics study for both reactions and theories are different and illustrated in the reaction pathway and rate profiles, respectively. Furthermore, both levels of theories offer similar structural configurations but they differ slightly in energetics.Conclusion:The reaction kinetics of both reactions is linearly fitted and the Arrhenius equations corresponding to each decomposition mechanism are generated by fitting the data from line equation.
Formulizing the Fuzzy Rule for Takagi-Sugeno Model in Network Traffic Control
Authors: Alhihi Mohammad , Khosravi Mohammad Reza 
Published: February 2018

Background:Nowadays, fuzzy logic theory is a popular approach to control network variables in engineering problems such as computer and communication networking. In this research, we formulize a new fuzzy logic-based rule for an important engineering application,i.e., traffic control of communication networks.Method:In this regard, we propose a new formulization based on a well-known model of traffic control in the networks entitled Takagi-Sugeno. Towards this modeling, we use a typical Fuzzy Neural Network (FNN) with an optimizer based on Genetic Algorithm (GA).Conclusion:The simulation results of our new model clearly prove that the proposed model and its formulation are approximately according to a theoretically consumed model for the problem. In details, we suppose two arbitrary examples for the problem which have two different assumed solutions, and then, we try to resolve the problem for both conditions based on the model in which the simulations show relatively similar results for both simulation-based and theoretical results in both examples.
Design of SMA-Brace Devices for the Seismic Retrofit of Steel CBF
Authors: Grande Ernesto , Ruotolo Giampietro 
Published: February 2018

Introduction:Retrofit interventions are often performed by introducing in structures dissipative devices able to improve the global seismic response particularly in terms of energy dissipation capacity. In the case of Concentric Braced Steel Frames (CBF), these devices are generally introduced in the form of brace elements made of different materials and based on different dissipation mechanisms. Their design is strictly related to both the characteristics of the selected device and, also, to the own peculiarities of the structural system involved in the retrofit intervention.Methods:The paper presents a simple design approach for the seismic retrofit of non-ductile CBF through the use of Shape Memory Alloys (SMA) brace devices. The approach merges the potentialities of SMA materials and the main peculiarities of the truss-resistant mechanism of CBFs throughout a procedure based on a preliminary phase of assessment, an intermediate phase of requirements evaluation and a final phase of design of the retrofit intervention.Results and Conclusion:After a detailed explanation of the proposed approach, the results derived from non-linear time-history analyses developed with reference to three and five-story CBFs are presented in the paper.
Evaluating Benin EFL Learners Writing Composition during Final Exam
Authors: Hounhanou Arlette Viviane 
Published: February 2018

Evaluating EFL learners in Benin, specifically, the case of the upper-sixth grade requires a certain number of competencies. Writing is not an easy task for learners particularly when they do not have the appropriate vocabulary. The present article aims at analyzing the way students’ papers were corrected; attention was focused on learners of the upper sixth grade during the school year and their final exam period. The researcher establishes a comparison between the two types of correcting learners ‘writing, how students’ were evaluated, and how feedback was turned in class. The evaluation took into account the writing composition only more specifically how EFL teachers evaluate learners for the final exam, how did it occur in class during the year and the conditions of these types of evaluation. A total number of 59 EFL teachers took part in this study. Among them, 50 EFL teachers were involved regarding the national exam and 09 other EFL teachers participated in this study in their classroom and out of exam context. The findings of this research indicate that there is a significant difference between the way the correction is undertaken in class and during the final. The results will then enable curriculum specialists in Benin to reexamine the concept of evaluation and more importantly the feedback on writing in class, and specifically for the national exam.
Pengembangan pembelajaran teknik dasar bulu tangkis berbasis multimedia pada atlet usia 11 dan 12 tahun
Authors: Putra Ghazali Indra , Sugiyanto FX. 
Published: February 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan media pembelajaran teknik dasar bulu tangkis berbasis multimedia. Penelitian pengembangan ini dilakukan dengan langkah-langkah sebagai berikut: (1) tahap studi pendahuluan, (2) validasi ahli, (3) uji coba lapangan, dan (4) pembuatan produk akhir. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan instrumen: (1) validasi produk awal, (2) angket observasi untuk pelatih dan ahli materi, dan (3) lembar observasi respons atlet. Penelitian ini menghasilkan media untuk pembelajaran teknik dasar bulu tangkis berbasis multimedia yang dikemas dalam CD dan disertakan buku petunjuk penggunaan. Teknik dasar bulu tangkis tersebut, yaitu: (1) bentuk-bentuk pegangan raket, (2) macam-macam servis, (3) macam-macam pukulan dari atas, dan (4) macam-macam pukulan dari bawah.Kata Kunci: pengembangan, teknik dasar bulu tangkis, multimedia, atlet usia 11 dan 12 tahun DEVELOPMENT FOR LEARNING THE BASIC TECHNIQUES OF BADMINTON BASED ON MULTIMEDIA TO ATHLETES AGED OF 11 AND 12 AbstractThis research aimed to produce a media for learning the basic techniques of badminton based multimedia. The research and development was conducted by the following steps: (1) the introduction study phase, (2) validation of experts, (3) testing product, and, (4) creating the final product. Instruments for collecting the data were: (1) the first product validation, (2) the questionnaire observation for coach and expert, and (3) observation sheet response for athletes. This research produced a media for learning the basic technique of badminton based on multimedia that was packaged in a CD and user’s guide included. The basic techniques are: (1) the forms of racket grip, (2) services, (3) a variety of overhead stroke, and (4) a variety of underhand stroke.Keywords: development, the basic techniques of badminton, multimedia, athletes at the age of 11 and 12 years old.
Penyusunan tes fisik atlet pencak silat dewasa kategori tanding
Authors: Kuswanto Cahniyo Wijaya 
Published: February 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan sebuah pedoman tes fisik atlet pencak silat dewasa kategori tanding yang valid dan reliabel yang dapat digunakan untuk mengukur kondisi fisik atlet pencak silat dewasa kategori tanding. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian dan pengembangan (Research and Development). Teknik Analisis data menggunakan penyusunan skor baku dengan rerata dan simpangan baku skor T yang digolongkan menjadi lima norma berdasar pada distribusi gejala normal, yaitu sangat baik, baik, sedang, kurang, sangat kurang. Data yang diperoleh tiap-tiap jenis tes merupakan data kasar dari hasil tiap tes yang di capai atlet. Selanjutnya hasil data kasar tersebut diubah dengan rumus T skor. Hasil penelitian ini diperoleh 9 (Sembilan) jenis tes fisik atlet pencak silat dewasa kategori tanding, antara lain: (1) Fleksibilitas (Side Splite), (2) Kecepatan (Sprint 40 Meter), (3) Power Lengan (Push Up 30 Detik), (4) Kekuatan Perut (Sit Up), (5) Kekuatan Punggung (Back Up), (6) Power Tungkai (Standing Triple Jump), (7) Kelincahan (Shuttle Run), (8) Daya tahan anaerobik (Sprint 300 meter), dan (9) Daya tahan aerobik (Bleep Tes). Tes ini dinyatakan valid dan menunjukkan koefisien reliabilitas putra dan putri > 0,5.Kata Kunci: tes pengukuran, pencak silat, kondisi fisik. THE CONSTRUCTION OF A PHYSICAL TEST OF ADULT FIGHTING CATEGORY PENCAK SILAT ATHLETEAbstractThis research was aimed to produce a valid and reliable guide book for a physical test for adult pencak silat athlete in fighting category. This guide book was supposed to measure the physical condition of adult pencak silat athlete at the fighting category. This research was using research and development method. The data analysis techniques used in this research were the construction of standard score by the mean and standard deviation of T score. The T score was classified into five norms based on normal indication distribution, namely very good, good, moderate, poor, and very poor. The data taken from each test was the raw data from the result of each test achieved by the athletes. Then, that result was changed into T-score. This research reveals nine types of physical test for adult pencak silat athlete at the fighting category. They are: (1) Flexibility (Side Splite), (2) Speed (Sprint 40 meters), (3) Arm Power (30 seconds Push Up), (4) Abdominal Strength (Sit Up), (5) Back Strength (Back Up), (6) Leg Power (Standing Triple Jump), (7) Agility (Shuttle Run), (8) Anaerobic Endurance (300 meters Sprint), and (9) Aerobic Endurance (Bleep Test). This test is valid and indicates reliability coefficient of male and female > 0.5.Keywords: measurement test, pencak silat, physical condition.
Evaluasi program pembinaan prestasi cabang olahraga bola voli pantai
Authors: Irmansyah Johan 
Published: February 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pelaksanaan program pembinaan prestasi cabang olahraga bola voli pantai di provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB) dan Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) dengan menggunakan model evaluasi CIPP (Contexs, Input, Process, Product). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian evaluasi. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara, angket, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu análisis deskriptif kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara keseluruhan hasil evaluasi program pembinaan prestasi cabang olahraga bola voli pantai di Provinsi NTB masih kurang baik dan di DIY sudah berjalan dengan baik. Pada evaluasi program pembinaan prestasi di NTB, dari segi contexs sudah berjalan dengan baik. Dari segi input masih kurang baik. Dari segi process masih sangat kurang. Dari segi product secara garis besar prestasi yang diraih sudah baik, dapat dilihat dari hasil dokumentasi prestasi-prestasi yang pernah diraih oleh atlet-atlet NTB. Sedangkan di DIY, evaluasi program pembinaan prestasi dari segi contexs sudah berjalan dengan baik. Dari segi input sudah berjalan dengan baik. Dari segi process sudah berjalan dengan sangat baik. Dari segi product secara garis besar prestasi yang diraih sudah baik, dapat dilihat dari hasil dokumentasi prestasi-prestasi yang pernah diraih atlet-atlet DIY.Kata Kunci: evaluasi program, pembinaan prestasi, dan bola voli pantai An Evaluation of Development Program of Beach Volleyball AbstractThis study was aimed to evaluate the implementation of sport development program of beach volleyball in the province of West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) and Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY) by using the CIPP evaluation model (Contexs, Input, Process, Product). This study was an evaluation. The data were collected through observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. Data analysis techniques used in this research was descriptive quantitative and qualitative analysis. The results show that the overall results of the evaluation of the achievements of sports coaching program of beach volleyball in the province of NTB are still not good and in DIY are good. At the evaluation of the coaching program achievement in the province of NTB, in terms of contexs, it has been running well. In terms of the input, it is still not good. In terms of process, it is still very poor. In terms of product in general, the achievement has been good, it can be seen from the accomplishment documentation that has ever been achieved by athletes of NTB. In DIY, the evaluation of the coaching program achievements in terms of contexs has been running well. In terms of input, it has been running well. In terms of process it is already under way with very good. In terms of product in general, the achievement has been good, it can be seen from the accomplishment documentation that has ever been achieved by DIY athletes.Keywords: program evaluation, coaching achievement, and beach volleyball