bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathogenic Variants in Less Familiar Cancer Susceptibility Genes: What Happens After Genetic Testing?
Authors: Hall Evan T. , Parikh Divya , Caswell-Jin Jennifer L. , Gupta Tanya , Mills Meredith A. , Kingham Kerry E. , Koff Rachel , Ford James M. , Kurian Allison W. 
Published: November 2018

Purpose As genetic testing expands, patients are increasingly found to carry pathogenic variants in cancer susceptibility genes that are less familiar to most clinicians, specifically genes other than those causing hereditary breast ovarian cancer syndrome ( BRCA1 and BRCA2) and Lynch syndrome. Little is known about the subsequent behaviors of such patients in terms of managing cancer risks and informing relatives. Methods All adult patients who were counseled and tested at the Stanford Cancer Genetics Clinic from January 2013 to July 2015 and had a pathogenic variant in a non- BRCA1/2, non–Lynch syndrome gene were invited to participate in a telephone interview about adherence to risk-reducing recommendations, genetic testing by relatives, and new cancer incidence. Results Fifty-seven (40%) of 142 eligible patients were successfully contacted, and all 57 patients participated; median follow-up was 677 days (range, 247 to 1,401 days). Most patients (82%; 95% CI, 70% to 90%) recalled that a risk-reducing intervention (screening, medication, or surgery) was recommended, and most patients (85%; 95% CI, 72% to 93%) adhered to the recommendation. Nearly all patients (91%; 95% CI, 81% to 97%) shared results with relatives, and most patients (78%; 95% CI, 64% to 88%) reported that a relative was subsequently tested. During the follow-up period, 9% of patients (95% CI, 3% to 19%) developed second cancers, and in 14% of patients (95% CI, 7% to 26%), a first-degree relative developed cancer, some of which were detected by recommended screening. Conclusion Patients with a pathogenic variant in a less familiar cancer susceptibility gene report high adherence to risk-reducing interventions. Furthermore, in the 57 carriers and subsequently tested relatives with two years of follow-up, a total of three cancers (one in a proband and two in relatives) were detected through interventions recommended on the basis of the pathogenic variant. These results suggest a potential benefit of genetic counseling and testing for pathogenic variants in less familiar genes.
Pharmacists' documentation in patients' hospital health records: issues and educational implications
Authors: Pullinger Wendy , Franklin Bryony Dean 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Objectives
We aimed to identify potential barriers to hospital pharmacists' documentation in patients' hospital health records, and to explore pharmacists' training needs. Our objectives were to identify the methods used by pharmacists to communicate and document patient care issues, to explore pharmacists' attitudes towards documentation of patient care issues in health records, to identify and examine the factors influencing whether or not pharmacists document their care in health records and to make recommendations to inform development of a training programme to educate pharmacists regarding documentation in health records.

Methods
Methods included a questionnaire and focus groups. The study poulation was 40 clinical pharmacists in a 900-bed London teaching hospital.

Key findings
Thirty-nine pharmacists completed the questionnaire and 32 attended a focus group. Questionnaire responses indicated that 29 (74%) pharmacists did not write in patient health records; most preferred temporary notes. However, most respondents agreed that documenting their input in the health record was important. Few pharmacists believed that writing in health records would affect the doctor–pharmacist or patient–doctor relationship, or felt that health-record availability or time were barriers. Most knew when, how and which issues to document; however, most wanted more training. Focus-group discussions revealed that pharmacists feared litigation and criticism from doctors when writing in health records. Pharmacists' written communication in health records was also influenced by the perceived significance and appropriateness of clinical issues, pharmacists' acceptance by doctors, and pharmacists' ‘ownership’ of the health record.

Conclusions
While recognising the importance of documenting relevant issues in health records, pharmacists rarely did so in practice and preferred to use oral communication or temporary adhesive notes instead. Pharmacists need to overcome their fear of criticism and litigation in order to document more appropriately in health records. A trust policy and training may offer pharmacists a sense of protection, enabling more confident documentation in patients' health records.
B≡B Triple Bond of Newly Synthesized Diboryne Can Take a Different Mechanism for the σ Bond Activation of Polar and Nonpolar Molecules. A Quantum Mechanical Study
Authors: Matsubara Toshiaki , Yamasaki Ryouga , Hori Tomonori , Morikubo Mana 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Diborynes, which have N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands, were first synthesized by Braunschweig et al. They reported that CO is easily activated on the B≡B triple bond, which suggests that there exists a charge transfer interaction between the B≡B triple bond and carbon monoxide. If an electron donation and back-donation between the B≡B triple bond and substrates really occur, the breaking of the chemical bond would be possible. In this study, we examine the mechanism of the σ bond cleavage of the polar and the nonpolar molecules, H2, CH4, NH3 and H2O, on the B≡B triple bond of bis(NHC)-stabilized diboryne NHC-B≡B-NHC by the density functional method. Our calculations show that both σ bonds of the nonpolar H2 and CH4 are broken relatively easily through an electron donation and back-donation at one of the B atoms. These are homolytic cleavages, as well-known for transition metals. Meanwhile, the σ bonds of the polar H2O and NH3 are heterolytically broken not on the one site but on the two sites of the B≡B bond, both reactions being also easy. Thus, the B≡B triple bond has high reactivities for both polar and nonpolar molecules, flexibly changing the reaction channels.
24-h Movement and Nonmovement Behaviors in Older Adults. The IMPACT65+ Study
Authors: CABANAS-SÁNCHEZ VERÓNICA , HIGUERAS-FRESNILLO SARA , DE LA CÁMARA MIGUEL ÁNGEL , ESTEBAN-CORNEJO IRENE , MARTÍNEZ-GÓmez DAVID 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe aims of this study were: (i) to provide a detailed description of movement and nonmovement behaviors objectively assessed over the complete 24-h period in a sample of older adults, and (ii) to analyze differences in these behaviors by sex, age, educational level, body mass index, self-rated health, and chronic conditions.MethodsThe sample comprised 607 high-functioning community-dwelling older adults (383 women), 65 to 92 yr, who participated in the IMPACT65+ study. Movement and nonmovement behaviors were assessed by the Intelligent Device for Energy Expenditure and Activity, which provide estimates on both temporal and spatial gait parameters, and identify specific functional activities on the basis of acceleration and position information.ResultsThe final sample with valid data was 432 older adults (284 women). Around 30.7% of daily time was engaged in sedentary behavior (SB), whereas 33.5% and 35.8% was represented by physical activity (PA) and sleep, respectively. Sitting passive was the most prevalent SB (vs lying and reclining), whereas most light PA was by standing (vs active sitting and walking at <2.5 mph). Time spent walking at ≥2.5 mph was the major contributor to moderate-to-vigorous PA. No differences were found in sleep time by sociodemographic or health-related characteristics, but there were relevant differences in sedentary and PA behaviors.ConclusionsThis study offers a detailed description of the distribution of SB, PA, and sleep in elderly across the 24-h spectrum. The results could be used to focus the strategies aimed to improve health in the old age.
Life Events and Longitudinal Effects on Physical Activity: Adolescence to Adulthood
Authors: MILLER JONATHAN , NELSON TOBEN , BARR-ANDERSON DAHEIA J. , CHRISTOPH MARY J. , WINKLER MEGAN , NEUMARK-SZTAINER DIANNE 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTIntroductionCommon life events, such as getting married or gaining employment, may be opportunities to intervene on health behaviors like physical activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the changes in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) associated with several common life events from adolescence to young adulthood.MethodsParticipants in Project EAT (ages 11 to 18 yr at baseline and 25 to 36 yr at wave 4) were surveyed at four timepoints from 1998 to 2016. Questions included marital status, employment status, postsecondary education completion and enrollment, and living situation between each wave. Linear regression was used to model the effect of each life event on change in self-reported MVPA.Post hocmediation analysis was conducted to examine whether having a child mediated the effect of getting married on the change in MVPA.ResultsAverage MVPA declined from 6.5 h·wk−1at baseline to 4.3 h·wk−1at wave 4. Having a child was associated with a significant decrease in MVPA between waves 2 and 3 and between waves 3 and 4. Getting married and leaving parents’ home were associated with significant decreases in MVPA between waves 3 and 4. Having a child both mediated and moderated the effect of getting married on MVPA.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence that MVPA declines both after getting married and after having a child and that these effects are not independent. Interventions to maintain or increase MVPA could profitably target couples planning to get married or have a child.
Effect of continuous-infusion antibiotic therapy on pulmonary function of patients with cystic fibrosis: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Albhaisi Somaya , Lin Fei-Pi , Chaudary Nauman 
Published: November 2018

Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is associated with frequent pulmonary exacerbations which increase the mortality risk. Therefore, most CF patients are chronically colonized with respiratory pathogens, the most common being Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Multidrug-resistant organisms are a major problem in CF patients. It’s been hypothesized that continuous-infusion antipseudomonal beta-lactam therapy in CF maintains serum concentrations above the minimum inhibitory concentration of susceptible strains and is more likely than intermittent infusion to achieve optimal pharmacodynamic targets for some intermediate and resistant strains of P. aeruginosa. The most extensively studied antibiotic for continuous-infusion protocol in CF is ceftazidime, which has been shown to improve lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1 second and forced vital capacity) and to increase pulmonary exacerbation free time. There have been no studies to evaluate the cost effectiveness or impact on quality of life of continuous infusion versus intermittent infusion antibiotic therapy in patients with CF. Our study aims to investigate the effect of continuous-infusion antibiotic therapy on pulmonary function. Methods: Cross sectional study of CF patients who were admitted to our hospital with acute pulmonary exacerbations between 1/1/2010 and 12/31/2016 and received parenteral antibiotics. We investigated the effect of use of continuous versus intermittent infusion of intravenous antibiotics on the pulmonary function (FEV1% predicted). Results: Intermittent infusion protocol was found to have a very small advantage over continuous infusion protocol on pulmonary function; however this difference is not statistically significant (p=0.0049). The longer the duration of antibiotics, the slightly better the pulmonary function at the end of the treatment, but the difference was not significant (p=0.2543). Conclusions: Even though we could not draw meaningful conclusions from our data, we would like bring attention to this subject because it carries an important therapeutic value for CF patients.
Aproximación al poblamiento rural de la llanura de la Selva (Girona) durante la romanización. Nuevas aportaciones al conocimiento de los asentamientos y los silos mediante la fotografía aérea y la prospección superficial
Authors: Guevara Molina Albert 
Published: November 2018

Históricamente la llanura de la Selva (Girona) ha jugado un rol importante para comunicar las poblaciones humanas del noreste peninsular. Prueba de ello fue el paso de la Via Heraclea y el Camino Real de Madrid a Francia entre otros muchos caminos y las vías que actualmente comunican el llano. Aún así, hasta hace 30 años, el número de yacimientos que se conocía era escaso y no reflejaba un poblamiento muy denso en la Antigüedad. No fue hasta mediados de los años 90, cuando la construcción de carreteras y otras infraestructuras sacó a la luz distintos yacimientos de todos los periodos, buena parte de ellos silos, que cambiaron la percepción que se tenía de la llanura de la Selva. Sin embargo, a nuestro parecer esta zona geográfica puede albergar muchos más yacimientos de los que se conocen. Es por este motivo que hemos ideado una metodología basada en la fotografía aérea satelital, con el programa Google Earth, para poder detectar el mayor numero de yacimientos de forma rápida y efectiva, en su mayoría silos u fosas, seguido por una prospección superficial no agresiva del lugar. Por un lado, con este sistema hemos hallado 9 yacimientos del siglo II aC sin más precisiones, probablemente silos, situados al noroeste de Girona. No obstante, aún quedan muchas marcas que siguen sin ser comprobadas. Por último, determinaremos la dispersión del poblamiento rural entre los siglos II y I aC.
English as a Lingua Franca: Lessons for language and mobility
Authors:   National University of Singapore, Park Joseph Sung-Yul , Wee Lionel 
Published: November 2018

Greater mobility of people in the globalising world foregrounds the inherent problems of an ideology of language as a bounded entity and the unequal relations of power that shape experiences of mobility. In this paper, we consider how these problems can be interrelated in research on language and mobility through a critical evaluation of current research on English as a lingua franca (ELF), particularly what we refer to as the â€˜ELF research projectâ€™, exemplified by the work of Jenkins and Seidlhofer. The ELF project aims at a non-hegemonic alternative to English language teaching by identifying a core set of linguistic variables that can facilitate communication between speakers of different linguistic backgrounds. We provide a critical examination of the project by problematising its narrow conceptualisation of communication as information transfer and its inability to address the prejudices that speakers may still encounter because they speak the language â€˜differentlyâ€™. In our discussion, we argue that investigation of language in the context of mobility requires serious rethinking on the level of both theory and political stancetaking: a theory of language that does not take account of the fluid, dynamic, and practice-based nature of language will have considerable difficulty in proposing a cogent critique of social inequalities that permeate the lives of people on the move.
Verteilte Optimierung: Anwendungen in der Modellprädiktiven Regelung
Authors: Braun Philipp , Grüne Lars 
Published: November 2018

Zusammenfassung
Verteilte Optimierungsverfahren wie die duale Dekomposition oder die Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) erleben in den letzten Jahren ein erneutes steigendes Interesse in den unterschiedlichsten Anwendungen. Die zunehmende Vernetzung von Servern oder Mikrocontrollern weltweit sowie die Größe von heutigen Datensätzen liefern dabei die Grundlage für die Nachfrage nach iterativen, parallelisierbaren Optimierungsverfahren. In dieser Arbeit stellen wir verteilte Optimierungsalgorithmen und ihre Anwendungen bei der Berechnung von Zustandsrückführungen mithilfe der Modellprädiktiven Regelung vor. Wir konzentrieren uns auf die Systemdynamik sowie die Vernetzung der Systeme bei der Anwendbarkeit der Algorithmen. Darüber hinaus untersuchen wir die Algorithmen auf ihre Kommunikationsstruktur, den Austausch sensibler Daten, die Skalierbarkeit und die Flexibilität.
IoT Energy Storage - A Forecast
Authors: Häggström Fredrik , Delsing Jerker 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Exponential growth in computing, wireless communication, and energy storage efficiency is key to allowing smaller and scalable IoT solutions. These advancements have made it possible to power devices from energy harvesters (EH) and explore other energy storage solutions that can increase the lifetime and robustness of IoT devices. We summarize current trends and limits for the current paradigm as the basis of our forecast. The trend shows that conventional ceramic capacitors are sufficient for energy storage for today’s EH powered wireless IoT devices and that in the future, IoT devices can either perform more advanced tasks with their current volume or be shrunk in size.
Short- and long-term outcomes for the surgical treatment of acute pulmonary embolism
Authors: Dohle Kathrin , Dohle Daniel-Sebastian , El Beyrouti Hazem , Buschmann Katja , Emrich Anna Lena , Brendel Lena , Vahl Christian-Friedrich 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectivesAcute pulmonary embolism can be a life-threatening condition with a high mortality. The treatment choice is a matter of debate. The early and late outcomes of patients treated with surgical pulmonary embolectomy for acute pulmonary embolism in a single center were analyzed.MethodsAll consecutive patients operated on for pulmonary embolism between January 2002 and March 2017 were reviewed. Patient demographics and pre- and postoperative clinical data were retrieved from our patient registry, and risk factors for in-hospital and long-term mortality were identified.ResultsIn total, 175 patients (mean age 59±3 years, 50% male) were operated on for acute pulmonary embolism. In-hospital mortality was 19% (34/175). No differences were found when comparing surgery utilizing a beating heart or cardioplegic arrest. Risk factors for in-hospital mortality were age >70 years [odds ratio (OR) 4.8, confidence interval (CI) 1.7–13.1, p=0.002], body surface area <2 m2 (OR 4.7, CI 1.6–13.7, p=0.004), preoperative resuscitation (OR 14.1, CI 4.9–40.8, p<0.001), and the absence of deep vein thrombosis (OR 9.6, CI 2.5–37.6, p<0.001). Follow-up was 100% complete with a 10-year survival rate of 66.4% in 141/175 patients surviving to discharge. Once discharged from hospital, none of the risk factors identified for in-hospital mortality were relevant for long-term survival except the absence of deep vein thrombosis (OR 3.2, CI 1.2–8.2, p=0.019). The presence of malignancy was a relevant risk factor for long-term mortality (OR 4.3, CI 1.8–10.3, p=0.001).ConclusionSurgical pulmonary embolectomy as a therapy for acute pulmonary embolism demonstrates excellent short- and long-term results in patients with an otherwise life-threatening disease, especially in younger patients with a body surface area >2 m2 and pulmonary embolism caused by deep vein thrombosis. Pulmonary embolectomy should therefore not be reserved as a treatment of last resort for clinically desperate circumstances.
Democratic Legitimacy beyond the State: Politicization, Representation, and a Systemic Framework
Authors: Kuyper Jonathan William 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Does the politicization of international authority help to reduce democratic deficits beyond the state? In this paper I argue that politicization provides a useful springboard for remedying democratic deficits at the EU and global level. Despite this promise, there are a range of concerns that inhibit a direct relationship between politicization and increased democratic legitimacy. The paper unpacks what politicization is and how it might relate to democratic legitimacy. It then argues that problems surrounding representation – in particular the constructivist view of representation – complicates this relationship. Significantly the notion of mobilization generates suspicions of democratic representational legitimacy. In response, the paper details a framework for assessing the democratic legitimacy of representative claims under conditions of politicization that responds to the aforementioned concerns. This framework is briefly applied to the cases of TTIP and TPP to show its merits.
Making Offers They Can’t Refuse: Consensus and Domination in the WTO
Authors: Laoghaire Tadhg Ó 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe World Trade Organisation (WTO), and the international trade regime within which it operates, is regularly evaluated in terms of distributive outcomes or opportunities. A less-established concern is the extent to which the institutional structure of the trade regime enables agents to exert control over the economic forces to which they’re subject. This oversight is surprising, as trade negotiations amongst states have profound impacts upon what options remain open to those states and their citizens in regulating their economies. This article contributes to filling this lacuna in the literature. Following on from recent neo-republican work on global and international justice, it argues that a major problem with the WTO is that it fails to effectively mitigate the domination of some states by others within its negotiations. Such domination prevails despite the employment of negative consensus as a decision-making procedure.
On the discovery of new elements (IUPAC/IUPAP Provisional Report)
Authors: Hofmann Sigurd , Dmitriev Sergey N. , Fahlander Claes , Gates Jacklyn M. , Roberto James B. , Sakai Hideyuki 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Almost thirty years ago the criteria that are currently used to verify claims for the discovery of a new element were set down by the comprehensive work of a Transfermium Working Group, TWG, jointly established by IUPAC and IUPAP. The recent completion of the naming of the 118 elements in the first seven periods of the Periodic Table of the Elements was considered as an opportunity for a review of these criteria in the light of the experimental and theoretical advances in the field. In late 2016 the Unions decided to establish a new Joint Working Group, JWG, consisting of six members determined by the Unions. A first meeting of the JWG was in May 2017. One year later this report was finished. In a first part the works and conclusions of the TWG and the Joint Working Parties, JWP, deciding on the discovery of the now named elements are summarized. Possible experimental developments for production and identification of new elements beyond the presently known ones are estimated. Criteria and guidelines for establishing priority of discovery of these potential new elements are presented. Special emphasis is given to a description for the application of the criteria and the limits for their applicability.