bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Esthetic improvements of postorthodontic white-spot lesions treated with resin infiltration and microabrasion: A split-mouth, randomized clinical trial
Authors: Gu Xi , Yang Lin , Yang Deqin , Gao Yuan , Duan Xiaolei , Zhu Xin , Yuan He , Li Jiyao 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To compare the esthetic improvement between postorthodontic white-spot lesions (WSLs) treated by resin infiltration and microabrasion for 12 months.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 20 patients with 128 teeth with postorthodontic WSLs were recruited. A simple randomized, split-mouth, positive controlled design was used to allocate patients to resin infiltration or microabrasion groups. The lesion area ratio (R value) was calculated between the area of a WSL and the labial surface of the corresponding tooth based on standardized clinical photographs. The color change (ΔE) of each tooth was measured with a Crystaleye spectrophotometer (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan). Every measurement was taken before treatment (T0) and at different time points after treatment: 1 week (T1), 6 months (T6), and 12 months (T12).

Results:
A total of 16 patients with 108 trial teeth were available at T12. Each group had 54 trial teeth. In both groups, there was a significant decrease in R value and ΔE between T1 and T0 (P &lt; .0001). In the infiltration group, the R value and ΔE had no significant changes over time from T1 to T12. In the microabrasion group, the R value and ΔE decreased significantly from T1 to T6. The R value of resin infiltration was lower when compared with microabrasion at every recall point (P &lt; .001). The ΔE had no significant differences between the two groups at any timepoint.

Conclusions:
Resin infiltration and microabrasion improved the esthetic appearance of WSLs and showed sufficient durability for 12 months. Resin infiltration showed a better esthetic improvement effect when compared with microabrasion at 12 months.
ANALISIS TIPE KESALAHAN BERDASARKAN TEORI NEWMAN DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL CERITA PADA MATA KULIAH MATEMATIKA DISKRIT
Authors: Oktaviana Dwi 
Published: February 2019

<p>This research aims to analyze the students' mistakes in soving math essay-tests on the discrete Mathematics using Newman error category. This descriptive research used qualitative approach. The subjects of this research are the 7th semester students of math study program of IKIP PGRI Pontianak in academic year 2016/2017. The instrument of this research was the test items analized by Newman error category and interviews. Based on the results of data analysis it can be concluded that (1) 24% of reading errors were in form of not knowing the meaning, (2) 24% of comprehension error is not knowing what to look for (3) 54.67% of transformation error is in form of generating function of the problem (4) 88% of error processing skill is in form of errors in the calculation and (5) 89.33% of encoding error is in form of mistakes in making final answer of the test.</p>
INVENTARISASI TUMBUHAN PAKU (PTERIDOPHYTA) DI KAWASAN KAMPUS IAIN PALANGKA RAYA SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN MATERI KLASIFIKASI TUMBUHAN
Authors: Ayatusa'adah Ayatusa'adah , Dewi Nor Apriyani 
Published: February 2019

<p>The purpose of this research is to have an inventory on Fern-plants in the area of IAIN Palangka Raya as an alternative media to discuss or learn about the classification of plants for high school students. The method applied was qualitative research through survey activities to have an inventory on fern-plants. In collecting the data, the procedure was done by tracking the ferns growing area and collecting every kind of ferns species found in IAIN Palangka Raya. Identification of ferns species were using the key of determination. The data of the research were analyzed descriptively to get connected with the development of alternative learning media. The inventory result has been obtained eleven species of pteridophyta, one species of Blechnaceae family, two species of Pteridaceae, one species of Polypodiaceae, four species of Dryopteridaceae, two species of Polipodiacea and ome species of Woodsiaceae. Based on the nature of the ferns, eleven ferns are found. They consist of six types of terrestrial Pteridophyta, two types of Pteridophyta epiphytes and teresters, and three types of Pteridophyta epiphytes. The results of the research can be used as an alternative media for teaching and learning the topic of plant classification for high school students.</p>
PROFIL JENIS PERTANYAAN SISWA SMA BERDASARKAN TAKSONOMI BLOOM REVISI
Authors: Lissa Lissa 
Published: February 2019

<p>The purpose of the research is to represent the classification of the students' questions based on revision of Bloom taxonomy about ecosystem material in SMAN 1 Sindang Indramayu. Subject of the research are the students of X MIA 4 SMA Negeri 1 Sindang Indramayu. Based on the result of analysis through Revision of Bloom Taxonomy, these questions classified into cognitive aspect of C1 (remembering) 25%, C2 (Understanding) 43,75%, C3 (Doing) 12,5%, C4 (Analyzing) 6,25%, C5 (Evaluating) 12,5% and C6 (Creating) 0%. While from knowledge aspect, factual was 12,5%, conceptual 37,5%, procedural 12,5%, and cognitive 37,5%. The result of questionnaire and interview shows that the students are motivated to ask questions because the material is exciting . Besides, the students find that it is difficult to understand the concept of material. By using revision of Bloom taxonomy, it will be easier for the teacher to classify or evaluate the students' questions or difficulties about the material.</p>
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA SMA MATERI ALAT INDERA MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN INQUIRY PICTORIAL RIDDLE
Authors: Luzyawati Lesy 
Published: February 2019

<p>This study aims to analyse the critical thinking skills of high school students on five-senses material through the usage of inquiry pictorial riddle learning model. The type of the research used is descriptive quantitative with Pre-Experimental Design and type One-Shot Case Study. The results shows that the students' critical thinking ability were vary. Of 32 students, 50% of students can be classified into very good category, 26.5% into good category, and 23.5% students into medium category. The achievement on the five critical thinking indicators of all students were also different, in which the achievement of critical thinking indicator of giving the simplest explanation has the highest percentage of 90% (very good) compared to another indicators, building basic skill has 84% percentage (good), making conclusion 80% (good), and 60% (medium) in giving further information, in which the achievement of this indicator is the lowest compared to another indicator. On indicator of setting strategy and tactics the percentage is 73 (good). Based on the statistical numbers above, the average thinking ability of all students in grade XI MIPA 6 SMA Negeri 1 Sindang Indramayu is 77% wich can be classified into good category.</p>
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN KERJASAMA MELALUI MODEL PROJECT BASED LEARNING (PjBL) BERBANTUAN METODE EDUTAINMENT PADA MATA PELAJARAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN SOSIAL
Authors: Pratiwi Ika Ari , Ardianti Sekar Dwi , Kanzunnudin Moh. 
Published: February 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan kerjasama dan hasil belajar siswa menggunakan model project based learning berbantuan edutainment. Metode penelitian yang digunakan control group post-test design, yang terdiri dari kelompok kontrol dan kelompok eksperimen. Hasil uji-t analisis kemampuan kerjasama menunjukkan bahwa nilai t-hitung 3,279 > t-tabel 2,011 dan analisis hasil belajar siswa dengan uji-t menunjukkan bahwa nilai t-hitung 2,854 > t- tabel 2, 011. Maka terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan kemampuan kerjasama dan nilai post test siswa kelompok ekperimen dengan kelompok kontrol. Dengan demikian model project based learning (PjBL) berbantuan metode edutainment dapat meningkatkan kemampuan kerjasama dan hasil belajar siswa kelas IV SD Muhammadiyah Kudus.
ENGLISH AS THE LINGUA FRANCA OF DEVELOPMENT: FINDING COMMON CORRELATES IN SAUDI ARABIA
Authors: Mohammed H.  Al-Ahdal Arif Ahmed , Abdullah Al-Awaid Salmeen Abdulrahman 
Published: February 2019

Technological dependence, interconnectivity of nations, interlinked economies, and interdependent politics across countries in the global village have given a new definition to communication. With one sure though slow thrust, peoples across borders are moving towards what can be seen as one unifying characteristic for the human race: One language to communicate, and the natural choice is English. True, it is Mandarin and not English that is spoken by the largest number of people, but true also is the fact that this is more a matter of natural circumstance than choice. The second most popular language is Spanish but then, it is the English and not Spanish speaking people who are in a position to influence economies, develop trade and move the commerce. In other words, proficiency in English can be directly linked to socio-economic prosperity. In the KSA too, as in the other members of the so-called Developing Bloc of nations, there is a growing consciousness to the fact that to realise the dream of Vision 2030 and to establish a petro-money free economy, the country has to abandon its insular character and adopt a more open-door attitude. One significant factor in the success of this approach will, of course, be the ability of the people to communicate with the world. Hence the need of the hour: Proficiency in English. Globally, researchers have postulated on the effects of English learning on the ‘development’ of limited groups and even individuals. As a corollary to this observation, the role of effective communication and negotiation cannot be overstated in any circumstance that involves people. In fact, ability to ‘communicate in English’ appears to be the catch phrase in academic, political, economic, and even social situations. However, such endeavours are notably missing in the Saudi Arabian context, given the older policies of keeping ‘outside’ influence at a minimal to preserve the purity of the local culture. The current study presents a catalogue and review of the previous studies linking socio-economic development to English with the aim to establish why and how the country stands to benefit in the long run by empowering the general public with English language.
DESIGNING A FRAMEWORK FOR CLASSROOM OBSERVATION FOR EFL TEACHERS IN ARAB CONTEXT
Authors: Kutubkhanah Hanan 
Published: February 2019

This study outlines a framework for Foreign Language (EFL) teachers in Arab context helping them to implement classroom observations in English as education. The research study reflects on designing a wide-ranging multistep framework that helps EFL learner teachers (LT) in execution of classroom observations self-sufficiently. At the same time, it focuses on reducing the likely issue of interpersonal conflicts with other involved stakeholders. The main idea of this paper is to offer LT and instructors in EFL teacher education a practical framework in order toimplement an independent range of classroom observations, facilitating the process of classroom observations in order to add value contribution to overall professional growth of the teachers.
J GATSBY AND THE EXTERNAL AGENTS OF HIS FALL
Authors: Massiha Lale 
Published: February 2019

The Great Gatsby, as the icon of 20th century American Novel generated a wide range of criticism and reactions, since its publication in 1925. J Gatsby is believed to be an undeniably true American following his American dream.He strongly believes in his success by employing all the means he owns. This is the force behind Gatsby's strong but blind belief in the fantasy of his ideally sketched future. Although he achieves his dream of financial success hetragically falls. Any classic tragic fall, definitely, claims a tragic hero guilty of a tragic flaw. Psychoanalytic studies have been conducted to identify the inner causes of this fall related to the lack of family, secured social position andhis desires. This paper, however, attempts to bring the external destructive agents of this modern tragic hero into the spotlight. The opportunity to earn wealth, to construct a fake social identity and to believe that the impossible ispossible pushes him down the hill. And that is nothing more than the very American Dream itself. This includes the possibility of social mobility, connecting with the members of higher social ranks and the wealth facilitating him touse the machinery and the new inventions of the age.
CONSTRAINT ADVERB IN KALILEH AND DIMNA
Authors: Roodsarabi Jafar , Mirdehghan Mahinnaz 
Published: February 2019

Kalileh and Dimna is one of the most brilliant literary works of all time periods after its creation. It is a story that has written in a beautiful and impressive prose and includes stories that are expressed in the language of animals andat the heart of the stories, other stories are expressed that make sit even more beautiful and impressive. Kalileh and Dimna's text is a narrative text and to close the minds of the audience in terms of story concepts and desired eventsand describe the external and internal positions, the author was inevitably to use from a frequency of adverbs in various types and forms. Therefore, research in used adverbs and their classification can be helpful from the different ways. As an example it would be an appropriate way in Compilation of the historical order and on the other side, investigating adverb in an indicator and excellent literary work, such as Kalileh, for explaining the importance of adverb and its place in the sentence be useful and effectiveness. As a result, this showed that the frequency of adverbs and recognizing and introducing adverbs that are more used and important and indicator in Kalileh, it was well shown the techniques and extraordinary skills of possess of Persian Kkalileh and Dimna to use adverbs and adverbial phrases versus equivalent words and phrases in Arabic text.
A COMPARATIVE AND ANAIYTIC COMPARISON OF THE VARIOUS IMAGES OF MOON AND THE SUN BASED ON ANCIENT ASTRONOMY IN NASER KHOSRO, ANVARI AND NEZAMI'S POEMS
Authors: Shahnavazi Behnaz , Jadidoleslami Habib 
Published: February 2019

Sky and celestial phenomena has long been caused men's surprise, and has couraged humans to unravel the mysteries and secrets of the beauties hidden in it. The vast expanse of sky, incredible beauty of the stars, the glow of the moon, sunrise and sunset, all these things gradually increased the sense of interest and curiosity in mankind so that its manifestation can be seen in many artistic works. Among numerous astronomical elements, the sun moon is one of the planets which have had a beautiful reflection in poetry. Among the poets who had a special look at the moon, we can name three great Persian poets: Naser Khosro Ghobadiani, Anvari and Nezami. And also because of the fact that fifth and sixth century were two of the most productive periods in Persian literature, and Isfahan, Khorasan, Aran and Azarbayejan were regarded as the main centers of poetry and literature of these periods, that’s why in this article moon's manifestation has been studied in the poems of these three poets who lived in fifth and sixth centuries. This paper aims to detect, analyze, and compare various aspects of moon based on ancient astronomy in Naser Khosro, Anvari and Nezami's poems. To achieve this purpose, first the word astronomy science, astrology, and its manifestation in Persian poetry has been studied in brief. Then moon, locations of the moon and its different manifestation in the poems of these three poets have been shown, analyzed and compared. The results of this study shows that moon had been shown in the poets of all these three poets in different forms such as showing moon in its twelve towers, cancer, Taurus, and folk beliefs about moon, eclipses.
SURVEY OF DISASTERS IN THE HISTORY OF LITERATURE: A CASE STUDY OF I AM MALALA (I AM MALALA: THE GIRL WHO STOOD UP FOR EDUCATION AND WAS SHOT BY THE TALIBAN)
Authors: Massiha Lale 
Published: February 2019

I am Malala, the real story of the struggles of a girl who, unlike her elderly, did not remain silent, injustice and in order to bring the voices of the Pakistani girls to the victims of the bullying of the Taliban. Malala Yousafzai has gained world renown and released the story of her life with the help of Christina Lem in the story of a biography in 2013. Malala's militant spirit and his rhetoric have been of great interest to the world. But what caused Malala's fate was evil and evil that he had in his life from the beginning of his birth in various ways. In the present study, Kant's viewpoint is about moral misconduct, which suggests that evil does not have a super-human origin. Based on this, evil is being studied at its various levels and in the stages of Malala's life. In addition, John Kick's and Claudia Cardre's ideas have been used to analyze the intentions, motives, feelings and responsibilities of evil, organizational and individual evil in the novel "I am Malala". In other words, with the help of these theories and definitions, there are some kinds of evil in the novel, which at first glance is a normal part of the life of the characters of the story. The false beliefs and insistence on their continued existence make the various bad forms in Malala's life. With a carefulreading of the novel, one can show badly in the society and the context in which the story is formed. In a nutshell, theorists, including Hannah Arendt, refer to Hitler and the Holocaust, and then cite other examples. The present study seeks to add the Taliban to this list by showing the organizational weakness in this novel. The study seeks to show that evil in modern literature is not created by super-human forces or witch women, and terror and war are not even bad ones. But any harassment or enjoyment of the suffering of others or even silence against the suffering of others is evil and has irreparable negative effects on the lives of the characters what can be seen in the place of Malala's life.
Szczepienia ochronne u dorosłych chorych na nowotwory hematologiczne oraz u chorych z asplenią – zalecenia PTHiT i sekcji do spraw zakażeń PALG
Authors: Hus Iwona , Piekarska Agnieszka , Roliński Jacek , Brzeźniakiewicz-Janus Katarzyna , Giannopoulos Krzysztof , Jamroziak Krzysztof , Piątkowska-Jakubas Beata , Wierzbowska Agnieszka , Zaucha Jan Maciej , Giebel Sebastian , Robak Tadeusz , Gil Lidia 
Published: February 2019

StreszczenieZakażenia należą do najczęstszych przyczyn chorobowości i śmiertelności chorych na nowotwory hematologiczne, a stosowanie szczepień ochronnych może w istotnym stopniu wpłynąć na zmniejszenie częstości ich występowania. W pracy przedstawiono przegląd danych dotyczących ryzyka zakażeń oraz skuteczności immunizacji czynnej u chorych na nowotwory hematologiczne i u pacjentów z anatomiczną lub czynnościową asplenią. Ponadto zawarto rekomendacje dla populacji polskich pacjentów opracowane przez Sekcję Zakażeń Polskiej Grupy ds. Leczenia Białaczek u Dorosłych (PALG) oraz Polskie Towarzystwo Hematologów i Transfuzjologów. Uwzględniono zarówno zalecenia ogólne dotyczące chorych na nowotwory, jak i szczegółowe odnoszące się do określonych nowotworów hematologicznych. Przedstawiono również propozycje poprawy organizacji szczepień u chorych na nowotwory hematologiczne w Polsce.
Nowe terapie w leczeniu szpiczaka z wysokim ryzykiem cytogenetycznym
Authors: Grząśko Norbert , Jamroziak Krzysztof , Dmoszyńska Anna , Giannopoulos Krzysztof 
Published: February 2019

StreszczeniePrzeżycie pacjentów ze szpiczakiem plazmocytowym (ang. multiple myeloma – MM) poprawiło się znacznie w ostatnich kilkunastu latach dzięki wprowadzeniu do terapii nowych leków, takich jak inhibitory proteasomu czy leki immunomodulujące. Pomimo tego MM pozostaje nieuleczalną chorobą o bardzo heterogennym przebiegu i zróżnicowanym rokowaniu. Istnieje grupa pacjentów, których przeżycie sięga ponad 10 lat, a równocześnie wielu chorych nie osiąga nigdy dobrej odpowiedzi na leczenie i żyje krócej niż 3 lata. Aktualnie stosowana klasyfikacja R-ISS (ang. Revised International Scoring System) uwzględnia del(17p), t(4;14) i t(14;16) jako negatywne czynniki ryzyka. Według ostatnich zaleceń Międzynarodowej Grupy Szpiczakowej (ang. International Myeloma Working Group – IMWG) do zmian wysokiego ryzyka należą t(4;14), t(14;16), t(14;20), del(17p), amp(1q) i równoznaczna z nią del(1p) oraz hipodiploidia. W poniższym artykule przedstawiono definicję wysokiego ryzyka cytogenetycznego w MM oraz wpływ nowych terapii na rokowanie i wyniki leczenia u chorych z tej grupy.
Selected factors influencing angiogenesis and hematopoietic niche
Authors: Nowicki Mateusz , Stelmach Piotr , Szmigielska-Kapłon Anna 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAngiogenesis is the vital, multistage process in which new blood vessels are created by sprouting from pre-existing vessels. It takes part in carcinogenesis and contributes to progression, metastases, and dissemination of neoplastic disease. In the bone marrow, angiogenesis influences the hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) proliferation, differentiation, and maintenance of normal hematopoiesis under both physiological and stress conditions. The bone marrow niche contains different types of cells, including macrophages, osteoblasts, mesenchymal stem cells, endothelial progenitors, and endothelial cells. All of these interact and form a unique microenvironment necessary for the appropriate function, and preservation of HSC in the quiescent state, and take a major part in the process of mobilization to peripheral blood and homing after transplantation. Cytokines active in the hematopoietic niche as well as miRNAs regulating hemato- poiesis, and angiogenesis have a significant influence on processes occurring in the bone marrow. The aim of this review was to present selected proteins, and molecules associated with angiogenesis as well as bone marrow niche processes: VEGF, ANGPT1, ANGPT2, MMP-9, SDF-1, miRNA-15a, miRNA-16, miRNA-126, miRNA-146a, and miRNA-223.
Statystyka w praktyce hematologicznej
Authors: Andrasiak Iga , Wróbel Tomasz 
Published: February 2019

StreszczenieWraz ze stale rosnącą liczbą badań w dziedzinie hematologii, znajomość metod statystycznych wykorzystywanych w analizie i interpretacji wyników stała się niezbędnym narzędziem pracy klinicystów. W artykule omówiono najczęściej stosowane testy statystyczne oraz zdefiniowano punkty końcowe stosowane podczas raportowania rezultatów badań klinicznych. Testy statystyczne funkcjonują na zasadzie testowania hipotez. Odrzucenie lub nieodrzucenie danej hipotezy zależy od wybranego poziomu istotności oraz wyliczonej wartości p. Z kolei otrzymany przedział ufności wskazuje na wielkość efektu i precyzję oszacowania. W hematologii głównie raportowanymi punktami końcowymi są: całkowite przeżycie (ang. overall survival – OS), przeżycie wolne od progresji (ang. progression-free survival – PFS), odpowiedź na leczenie (ang. overall response rate – ORR) oraz coraz częściej spotykana, ocena terapii raportowana przez pacjenta (patient reported outcome – PRO). Biorąc pod uwagę kierunek rozwoju medycyny, znajomość biostatystyki jest niezbędna w podejmowaniu decyzji terapeutycznych, a także ocenianiu, interpretowaniu i raportowaniu wyników przeprowadzonych badań.