bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular identification of biological contaminants in different drinking water resources of the Jazan region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Abada Emad , Al-Fifi Zarraq , Al-Rajab Abdul Jabbar , Mahdhi Mosbah , Sharma Mukul 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Drinking water quality plays a remarkable role in human infections and diseases. This study used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques to detect bacterial pathogens. In addition, a physicochemical analysis was performed on drinking water samples from several sources. A total of 123 drinking water samples were collected from different areas in the Jazan region in Saudi Arabia: ground water (40 samples), bottled water (15 samples), tap water (52 samples), and water purification shops (16 samples). To isolate the bacterial pathogens, the water samples were spread on Nutrient and MacConkey agar media, and the grown pathogens were then identified by the 16S ribosomal RNA technique. In 87 (70.7%) of the 123 drinking water samples, there was no pathogen growth on the two-culture medium. However, 36 (29.3%) of the samples were found to be contaminated with bacteria. The physicochemical analysis indicated that the water samples were within the Saudi drinking water standards. The bacteria were resistant to Cefotaxime, Cefotaxime/Clavulanic acid, Erythromycin, Penicillin G, Rifampin and Sulfamethoxazole–Trimethoprim, respectively. The findings suggest that in Jazan, bottled water is a safer source of potable water than tap water. The contamination in the water may be occurring at the reservoirs rather than the water sources.
Rainfall and social disputes in Iran
Authors: Feizi Mehdi , Janatabadi Najmeh Heidarzadeh , Torshizi Ahmad Saradari 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Water crisis and, particularly, drop in rainfall in Iran are not only an environmental matter but also a security issue. This paper tries to draw attention to the substantial social consequences of climate change in Iran and particularly addresses whether precipitation scarcity from 2007 to 2014 has a conflict-making effect in the province of Iran using the system GMM model. We show that rainfall shortage and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), as an index of drought, could stimulate the propensity for individuals to engage in disruptive activities in provinces of Iran.
Production mechanism and characteristics of dissolved organic nitrogen derived from soluble microbial products (SMPs-DON) in a drinking water biological aerated filter
Authors: Kang Jia , Liu Shu-li , Ma Teng-fei , Gao Xu 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Dissolved organic nitrogen derived from soluble microbial products (SMPs-DON) generated during the drinking water biological treatment process poses a great threat to water supply safety due to the potential carcinogenic risk. To further study the production mechanism and characteristics of SMPs-DON in drinking water biological aerated filtration (BAF), Illumina MiSeq sequencing is applied to characterize the microbial community. In addition, an excitation–emission matrix combined with the parallel factor model (EEM-PARAFAC) and gel filtration chromatography (GFC) are used to analyze the component and molecular weight (MW) distribution of the SMPs-DON. Results showed that the production of SMPs-DON in drinking water BAF can be explained using Illumina MiSeq sequencing from the perspective of the microbial community. Also, according to the EEM-PARAFAC analysis, the fluorescence intensity scores of fulvic-like and humic-like substances were almost unchanged, whereas the scores of protein-like substances first increased and then decreased, which was consistent with the variation in the DON concentration. SMPs produced initially primarily consisted of macromolecules with MW &gt;20 kDa, and then they were degraded and small molecular SMPs with MW &lt;5 kDa accumulated. This study provides theoretical guidance and technical support for ensuring drinking water safety and reducing secondary pollution risks from drinking water biological treatment.
Is routine baseline brain imaging needed for all newly diagnosed non-small-cell lung cancer patients?
Authors: Abdel-Rahman Omar 
Published: May 2019

Aim:Dedicated brain imaging is advocated by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines for newly diagnosed non-small-cell cancer (NSCLC) patients beyond stage I. The current study assessed the performance characteristics of this recommendation.Methods:Through accessing the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Points (SEER) registry (2010–2015), all patients (regardless of stage) with newly diagnosed NSCLC and complete information about TN stages and presence or absence of brain metastases were extracted. In the current study, the following performance characteristics of the above recommendation were assessed: sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), number needed to investigate (NNI) and accuracy.Results:A total of 182,977 NSCLC patients were included. For the overall cohort, PPV (for the recognition of brain metastases) was 13.8% and NNI to detect one case of brain metastasis was 7.2. Likewise, NPV (for the exclusion of brain metastases) was 97%, sensitivity was 92.1%, specificity was 31.1% and overall accuracy was 37.6%. When stratified by histology, patients with adenocarcinoma have PPV of 17.2% and NNI to detect one case with brain metastasis of 5.8. NPV (for the exclusion of brain metastases) was 97%, sensitivity of 91.4%, specificity of 35.4% and overall accuracy of 32.6%. On the other hand, patients with squamous cell carcinoma have PPV of 6.3% and NNI to detect one case with brain metastasis of 15.8. NPV (for the exclusion of brain metastases) was 98.9%, sensitivity of 94.6%, specificity of 26.3% and overall accuracy of 29.7%.Conclusion:In view of the poor specificity, the current study calls for reconsideration of the universal recommendation of dedicated brain imaging (in addition to PET/CT scan) among NSCLC patients beyond stage I.
Peningkatan Keterampilan Menyimak Siswa Kelas V SD Negeri 238 Palembang Melalui Model Paired Storytelling Dengan Menggunakan Media Audio Visual
Authors: Effendi Umar , Asnimar Asnimar , Harini Bunda , Usman Nuraini , Hardiansyah Dedy 
Published: May 2019

The objective of this research is to improve listening skills of students state elementary school 238 Palembang grade V through Paired Storytelling model using audio visual media. The method used in this research is qualitative in the form of action research. The subjects of this study are all students of class Va State Elementary School 238 Palembang which amounted to 34. This research is collaborative, so that researchers and teachers of the class can collaborate. The data were collected by using learning result test and performance test of listening skill. Therefore, this research instrument is a matter and rubric performance appraisal skill listening. This action research is conducted in a cycle that each cycle consists of four stages of planning, action implementation, observation, and reflection. Each cycle in this study consists of two meetings. Based on the data on the average score of listening skills, it is known that an increase from 57.5 in cycle I to 74.5 in cycle II. Therefore, this study ends in cycle II. Based on the results of research and data analysis concluded that the application of audio visual media can improve the listening skills of students of Va Class SD Negeri 238 Palembang through Paired Storytelling model.
Quantitative Analysis of Ciprofloxacin in an Ophthalmic Solution Using UV Absorption Spectrophotometry and Derivative Spectrophotometry
Authors: DERMİŞ Saadet , KILIÇ Sümeyye , ERTEKİN Zehra Ceren , DİNÇ Erdal 
Published: May 2019

The
quantitative analysis of ciprofloxacin in an ophthalmic solution was performed
by UV absorption spectrophotometry and first derivative spectrophotometry. The
UV absorption spectra of standard series and samples containing ciprofloxacin
were recorded. Then, the derivative of UV absorption spectra was obtained for
the derivative spectrophotometric analysis of the related drug. Linear regression equations in the linear concentration
range of 3.0-28.0 µg/mL for analysis of ciprofloxacin were obtained by using
direct absorbance measurement at 278.9 nm and using the dA/dλ values at 283.2
nm. The recovery assay results were found between 97.8 to 102.0 %. It was
observed that the limits of detection and quantification were 0.74 and 2.74
μg/mL for UV absorption spectrophotometry and 0.60 and 2.00 μg/mL for first
derivative spectrophotometry, respectively. Analysis results indicated that the
proposed methods were precise, accurate and reliable for the determination of
ciprofloxacin in commercial samples.
Calculation of Production Reaction Cross Section of Some Radiopharmaceuticals Used in Nuclear Medicine by New Density Dependent Parameters
Authors: KAVUN Yusuf , TEL Eyyup , ŞAHAN Muhittin , SALAN Ahmet 
Published: May 2019

In
nuclear medicine, radiopharmaceuticals are used for diagnosis or treatment
purposes. Radiopharmaceuticals containing radionuclide in their structure are
produced by reactors, generators or cyclotrons and are generally used for scintigraphy
or tomographic investigations. The produced radionuclides can be given to the
human body together with organic or inorganic substances. In this study,
the production reaction cross sections were calculated for two selected
radiopharmaceutical nuclei (99Tc and 115In) using the semi-empirical cross section formula for the (n, α) reactions developed by Tel et al. (2008).
The density depending on (n, α) reaction cross sections were also investigated with
the four Skyrme Hartree Fock parameters (S3, T3, SKM and SKM*). While the calculated
value from the semi-empirical formula
developed by Tel et al. (2008) gave reasonable results, the density-dependent
calculations were observed lower values than that of experimental values.
KARADENİZ’DE RUSYA-ABD REKABETİ VE UKRAYNA KRİZİ
Authors: ÜNALMIŞ Ahmet Nafiz , OĞUZ Şafak 
Published: May 2019

Batılı
devletler ve Rusya Federasyonu arasında Doğu Avrupa, Kafkasya ve Karadeniz
bölgesine yönelik rekabet 2014 yılında başlayan Ukrayna Krizinden bu yana daha
da artmıştır. NATO’nun Soğuk Savaş’ın sona ermesinden bu yana Rusya’nın
sınırlarına doğru genişleme gayreti ve özellikle Gürcistan ve Ukrayna’nın
ittifaka üyeliklerine yönelik ısrarcı tutumu, Rusya’nın bu konuyu ulusal
güvenliğine karşı önemli bir tehdit olduğunu vurgulayacak şekilde sert
tepkisine yol açmıştır. ABD’nin Avrupa Aşamalı Uyarlanabilir Yaklaşım (EPAA)
projesine yönelik çabaları ve nihayet Orta Menzilli Nükleer Silahlar
Anlaşmasından (INF) çekilmesi bölgedeki durumu daha da zorlaştırmıştır. Her iki
taraf da nükleer kabiliyete sahip savaş uçaklarının konuşlandırılması dahil
Karadeniz’deki askeri varlıklarını önemli ölçüde artırmışlardır. Bir yandan
NATO üyesi, diğer yandan da Rusya’nın önemli bir ortağı konumunda olan Türkiye
ise bir denge politikası yürüterek batılı devletlerin 1936 Montrö Boğazlar
Sözleşmesi’ni revize etme çabalarını geri çevirmeye gayret etmektedir. Bu
çalışma NATO ve ABD ile Rusya arasındaki Karadeniz’e yönelik çetin rekabeti ve
Ukrayna krizinin bu rekabete isini analiz etmektedir.
The current state of molecular testing in the treatment of patients with solid tumors, 2019
Authors: El‐Deiry Wafik S. , Goldberg Richard M. , Lenz Heinz‐Josef , Shields Anthony F. , Gibney Geoffrey T. , Tan Antoinette R. , Brown Jubilee , Eisenberg Burton , Heath Elisabeth I. , Phuphanich Surasak , Kim Edward , Brenner Andrew J. , Marshall John L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe world of molecular profiling has undergone revolutionary changes over the last few years as knowledge, technology, and even standard clinical practice have evolved. Broad molecular profiling is now nearly essential for all patients with metastatic solid tumors. New agents have been approved based on molecular testing instead of tumor site of origin. Molecular profiling methodologies have likewise changed such that tests that were performed on patients a few years ago are no longer complete and possibly inaccurate today. As with all rapid change, medical providers can quickly fall behind or struggle to find up‐to‐date sources to ensure he or she provides optimum care. In this review, the authors provide the current state of the art for molecular profiling/precision medicine, practice standards, and a view into the future ahead.
Vulnerabilidade í aids entre mulheres de aglomerado subnormal
Authors: Andrade Smalyanna Sgren da Costa , Brito Karen Krystine Gonçalves de , Gomes Karina Karla de Sá , De Lucena Andreia Sousa Marques , De Santana Emanuelle Malzac Freire , Oliveira Simone Helena dos Santos 
Published: May 2019

Objetivou-se identificar as caracterí­sticas sociais e o comportamento sexual de mulheres sob a ótica da vulnerabilidade ao HIV/aids, considerando o perfil do cenário nacional. Pesquisa tipo inquérito domiciliar, de corte transversal e abordagem quantitativa, envolvendo 300 mulheres. A coleta de dados ocorreu em um aglomerado subnormal do municí­pio de João Pessoa/PB, utilizando como estrutura operacional o Plano de Amostragem Sistemática e para análise estatí­stica o programa SPSS, versão 20.0. A amostra caracteriza-se com perfil entre 30-34 anos, pardas, com pouca escolaridade, renda precária, desempregadas ou exercendo ocupações menos qualificadas. Apresentaram caracterí­sticas de vulnerabilidade conducentes ao contexto brasileiro. Precocidade e desproteção na primeira experiência sexual, ocorrência de IST, gestação não planejada, heterossexualidade e parceria fixa se consolidaram como fatores de risco í contaminação pelo HIV. Os achados indicam as dificuldades institucionais e individuais em implementar ações eficazes no controle de problemas de saúde de natureza tão delicada.Palavras-chave: sorodiagnóstico da AIDS, mulheres, vulnerabilidade em saúde, Enfermagem.
Conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas de responsáveis por crianças quilombolas acerca de primeiros socorros
Authors: Dos Santos Iasmin Melo , Santos Josely Bruce , Pereira Lí­via Pinheiro , Felzemburgh Ridalva Dias Martins , Sacramento Saionara Costa 
Published: May 2019

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar os conhecimentos de pais e/ou responsáveis por crianças quilombolas acerca de medidas de primeiros socorros. Estudo descritivo exploratório com abordagem quantitativa, realizado através de aplicação de entrevistas domiciliares. A população foram pais e/ou responsáveis por crianças quilombolas entre 0 e 11 anos, 11 meses e 29 dias na comunidade quilombola em Ilha de Maré, Salvador/BA. Os resultados foram: alergias 68,9% buscam o serviço de saúde, diarreia 44,8% utilizam chás, 58,6% em casos de febre utilizam a automedicação, 24% em episódios de vômito buscam o serviço de saúde, 31,1% em casos de queimadura utilizam o resfriamento. Embora em alguns casos a comunidade procure o serviço de saúde, que podem ofertar resolutividade, a mesma encontra-se localizada í longa distância destes. Desta forma, torna-se necessário o estí­mulo de atividades educativas para que a comunidade tenha o acesso í saúde de forma integral.Palavras-chave: comunidade, primeiros socorros, criança, acidentes, saúde.
Nascer de cesárea em microrregião paulista: associação com caracterí­sticas sociodemográficas
Authors: Paes Luciana Braz de Oliveira , Soler Zaida Aurora Sperli Geraldes 
Published: May 2019

Objetivo: Verificar a associação entre a resolução do parto por cesariana com caracterí­sticas sociodemográficas de mulheres que tiveram o parto realizado em um municí­pio do interior paulista, no ano de 2012. Métodos: Estudo quantitativo, descritivo, transversal, vinculado ao Projeto-mãe "Estudos sobre o processo do nascimento na Divisão Regional de Saúde XV (DRSXV)", com dados obtidos junto ao Sistema de Informações de Nascidos Vivos (SINASC), aplicando-se o teste qui-quadrado na análise estatí­stica, com significância de 5%. Resultados: Ocorreram 2846 partos de nascidos vivos em 2012, na cidade estudada, a maioria por cesariana (2396 – 84,2%). A maioria das mulheres submetidas í cesárea tinha: idade entre 21 a 30 anos (53,7%); escolaridade de 8 a 11 anos (65,9%); situação conjugal com companheiro (66,4%); fizeram sete ou mais consultas de pré-natal (87,8%) e a etnia não estava informada para 68,4% das mulheres, seguindo-se de 24,3% de brancas. Houve significância estatí­stica na realização de cesárea entre mulheres com maior idade, maior escolaridade, ter companheiro e fazer mais consultas de pré-natal. Conclusão: As caracterí­sticas sociodemográficas interferem no tipo de parto, revelando-se como fator predisponente para realização da cesariana entre mulheres de maior classe social.Palavras-chave: cesárea, tocologia, parto normal, parto humanizado, humanização da assistência.
Revize edilen ortaöğretim matematik öğretim programı hakkında öğretmen görüşleri
Authors: TEKALMAZ Gözde 
Published: May 2019

Bu çalışmada, ortaöğretim kurumlarında
görev almakta olan matematik öğretmenlerinin 2017 yılında yayınlanmış
ortaöğretim matematik dersi öğretim programı ve programın revizesi hakkındaki
görüşlerini analiz ederek belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma
grubunu 2018–2019 öğretim yılı bahar döneminde Kocaeli il merkezinde bulunan
Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı’na bağlı ortaöğretim kurumlarında görev almakta olan 11
matematik öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Öğretmenlerle yapılan görüşmelerle elde
edilen verilerin analizinde içerik analizi ve betimsel analiz kullanılmıştır.
Çalışmadan elde edilen bulgular, “Öğretmenlerin yeni öğretim programı
hakkındaki olumlu görüşleri”, “Öğretmenlerin yeni öğretim programı hakkındaki
olumsuz görüşleri”, “Öğretmenlerin bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerini
kullanmalarına yönelik görüşleri” ve “Öğretmenlerin yeni öğretim programına
yönelik önerileri” başlıkları altında
toplanmıştır. Bu başlıklar altında, elde edilen analiz sonuçlarına göre kodlar
oluşturulmuştur. Çalışmadan elde edilen verilere göre, öğretmenler yeni öğretim
programını konu yoğunluğunun azaltılması ve kazanımların yeniden düzenlenmesi
konusunda olumlu bulmuşlardır. Fakat bazı önemli konu başlıklarının
kaldırılması ve öğrencilerin hazır bulunuşluk seviyelerinin kabulü konusunda da
eleştirilerini belirtmişlerdir. Öğretmenler, bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinin
kullanılmasının teşvik edilmesi yönünde olumlu görüş bildirmişlerdir, ancak
bununla birlikte; bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerini kullanmak konusunda
desteklenmeleri gerektiğini de eklemişlerdir. Özellikle bilgi ve iletişim
teknolojilerini kullanmak isteyip kendini yetersiz hissetmesinden dolayı
kullanamayan öğretmenlerin bulunması dikkat çekicidir. Bu bağlamda,
öğretmenlerin mutlaka hizmet içi eğitimlerle güncel tutulması gerektiğinden
bahsedilebilir. Öğretmenlerin de yeni öğretim programına yönelik önerilerinden
biri de bu düşünceyle paralel olup, hizmet içi eğitimlerin artırılması
yönündedir. Aynı zamanda öğretmenler, bütün okullarda ve sınıflarda aynı
şekilde kaliteli materyal desteği olması gerektiğini de vurgulamışlardır. Bunun yanında, öğretmenler eğitim programının
çok sık yenilenmemesi gerektiğini bildirmiş ve eğitim programının güncellenmesi
durumunda da uzmanlar tarafından detaylı olarak bilgilendirilmeleri gerektiğini
düşündüklerini ifade etmişlerdir.
Cambios en el paisaje en un valle del oeste catamarqueño durante el Holoceno tardío. Integrando arqueología, palinología y geomorfología
Authors: Meléndez Ana S. , Kulemeyer Julio J. , Lupo Liliana C. , Quesada Marcos N. , Korstanje María A. 
Published: May 2019

El Valle de El Bolsón (Belén, Catamarca) se ubica entre dos áreas geográficas y culturales de gran interés en la arqueología del NOA. Por su ubicación, entre la Puna y los valles bajos, se presenta como un lugar desde donde estudiar los cambios ambientales a nivel local y su relación a las secuencias paleoambientales conocidas en la región. Estudios de polen fósil contenido en la secuencia sedimentaria de Laguna Cotagua informan sobre los cambios en la vegetación a partir de los 5581 años cal AP. El estudio sedimentológico del mismo y de terrazas fluviales con materiales arqueológicos en estratigrafía evidencian abruptos cambios en la geomorfología del valle desde ca. 3000 años AP. El estudio geoarqueológico de los mismos aportó información para ordenar cronológicamente eventos de erosión y deposición de sedimentos que en alguna medida tuvieron impacto en las formas en que las poblaciones prehispánicas habitaron el valle. La finalidad de este trabajo es presentar la integración de estos datos a la información arqueológica disponible y aportar al corpus de datos paleoambientales del NOA.
Análisis faunístico del sitio Laguna de los Pampas (partido de Lincoln, región Pampeana). Aportes a los estudios de la subsistencia en el área Oeste de la Pampa Húmeda
Authors: Álvarez María C. 
Published: May 2019

Las investigaciones desarrolladas en los últimos años permitieron generar modelos sobre la subsistencia de los cazadores-recolectores que habitaron las distintas áreas de la región Pampeana durante el Pleistoceno final/Holoceno. Sin embargo, para el área Oeste, los datos sobre la dieta son aún escasos. En este trabajo se presentan los resultados del análisis del conjunto arqueofaunístico del sitio Laguna de los Pampas (partido de Lincoln, Buenos Aires), con el objetivo de evaluar las principales tendencias de la subsistencia. Asimismo, se pretende comparar los resultados con los modelos de dieta conocidos para otras áreas lindantes. La muestra de Laguna de los Pampas está conformada por 2.583 especímenes y cuenta con dos fechados correspondientes al Holoceno medio. A partir de los análisis realizados se pudo determinar la explotación de una importante diversidad de especies de distinto tamaño (Ntaxa = 9), entre ellas: artiodáctilos, armadillos, roedores, carnívoros y aves. Los datos generados son coincidentes con el modelo propuesto para el área Interserrana para la primera mitad del Holoceno medio, momento en el cual se observa una dieta orientada hacia el consumo de los artiodáctilos, pero complementada con una amplia variedad de taxones.
Aporte a la cronología de chenques tardíos del lago Salitroso (Santa Cruz, Argentina)
Authors: García Guraieb Solana , Goñi Rafael A. , Guichón Fernández Rocío 
Published: May 2019

Se presentan dos nuevos fechados radiocarbónicos obtenidos en uno de los chenques tardíos (ca. 800-350 AP) del lago Salitroso (SAC) y sus implicaciones para las discusiones vigentes sobre prácticas mortuorias y cuestiones demográficas en el área. Se trata de SAC 1-2, un chenque primario múltiple, compuesto por un adulto femenino y 5 individuos infantiles. Dos fechados anteriores lo situaban en el orden de ca. 450 años AP. Actualmente, se fecharon dos subadultos hallados juntos en la base del entierro, cuya posición sugería su inhumación contemporánea. Mientras uno de los individuos mantuvo el orden de los ca. 400-500 años AP (487 ± 23 AP), el segundo presenta una fecha (709 ± 30 AP) que se aleja más de 200 años radiocarbónicos del anterior. Esta situación genera, nuevas preguntas sobre las prácticas mortuorias y la manera en que ocurre la reutilización de las estructuras de entierro. Además, tiene implicaciones para ideas previas sobre la recurrencia de episodios de simultaneidad de muerte de subadultos de diversas edades como explicación posible para las “anomalías” identificadas en el perfil de mortalidad de los chenques tardíos. Este caso alerta sobre la necesidad de refinar aún más el detalle de la cronología de los entierros del lago Salitroso.