bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apical Leakage of Different Gutta-Percha Techniques: Thermafil, Js Quick-Fill, Soft Core, Microseal, System B and Lateral Condensation with a Computerized Fluid Filtration Meter
Authors: Gençoğlu Nimet , Oruçoğlu Hasan , Helvacıoğlu Dilek 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTObjectives: To investigate apical leakage of roots filled with 6 different gutta-percha techniques; Thermafil, JS Quick-Fill, Soft Core, Microseal, System B and lateral condensation using a new computerized filtration meter.Methods: Materials and Methods: 60 extracted single rooted teeth were used. Coronal part of each tooth was removed and the root canals were prepared with step-back technique. The roots were randomly divided into six groups of 10 teeth, filled by one of the obturation technique and Kerr sealer. The teeth were kept in 100% humidity for 2 years. After this period, apical parts of roots (10±0.05 mm) were attached to computerized fluid filtration meter. Apical leakage quantity was determined as μl.cmH2O-1.min-1.Results: Statistical analysis indicated that Thermafil, Soft Core, Quick-Fill and System B techniques showed lower leakage than Microseal and lateral condensation (P>.05). However, statistically no difference was found among the core techniques and no difference was found between microseal and lateral condensation techniques (P>.05).Conclusions: Thermafil, Soft Core,Quick-Fill and System B techniques showed lower leakage than Microseal and lateral condensation. In addition, this new computerized fluid filtration meter allowed quantitative measurement of leakage easily. (Eur J Dent 2007;2:97-103)
An Industrial Dental-Erosion by Chromic Acid: A Case Report
Authors: Dülgergil Ç Türksel , Erdemir Ebru Olgun , Ercan Ertuğrul , Erdemir Ali 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTA case of uncommon occupational dental erosion was reported in an individual who had worked in the war industry for twenty years. This occupation involved daily, at least 8 hours, inhalation of chromic acid being used for cleaning of barrel of cannons. The erosion manifested as dental sensitivity with excessive cervical erosion even with pulpal exposure in certain teeth. Moreover, due to the adverse effect of the chemical against to gingival and/or periodontal tissues, the lesions were extremely harmful with respect to the exposed root-cementum. After proper periodontal therapy, cervical lesions were treated conservatively with a compomer based restorative material without cavity preparation. Although today it is not common due to the well-controlled working conditions, occupational combined dental and medical problems via airborne fumes and/or elements can be seen at workers in chemical factories. A cumulative biohazardous effect is generally seen as not only medical but also dental disorders. (Eur J Dent 2007;2:119-122)
The Prevalence of Carotid Artery Calcification on the Panoramic Radiographs in Cappadocia Region Population
Authors: Sisman Yildiray , Ertas Elif Tarim , Gokce Cumali , Menku Ahmed , Ulker Mustafa , Akgunlu Faruk 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTObjectives: The aim of this study is to determine retrospectively the presence of carotid artery calcifications (CACs) detected on panoramic radiographs (PRs) in a group of Turkish population. Further, the relationships between CACs and gender, life style, and medical history were evaluated.Methods:During the years 2004 to 2006, a random sample of 1282 PRs was collected from patients older than 40 years who were being treated by the School of Dentistry, Erciyes University. Of these 1282 PRs, 750 PRs were included in this study. Medical data was collected from the archival records of the dental school.Results: About 38 (5.06%) CACs were found on the PRs of 12 (4.5%) males and 26 (5.4%) females. The CAC prevalence was not significantly different between the males and females (P=0.583). These calcifications were unilateral in 26 (68.4%) and bilateral in 12 (31.6%) subjects. Of those in the positive group, there were 12 subjects (31.58%) with hyperlipidemia, 12 subjects (31.58%) with hypertension, 7 subjects (18.4%) with diabetes mellitus, 6 subjects (15.8%) with cardiovascular disease, and 6 subjects (15.8%) with smoking history.Conclusions: This study has the highest CACs prevalence in comparison to the other studies. Therefore, dentists caring for subjects with dental problems should carefully evaluate their PRs for the evidence of CACs, and refer them for medical evaluation as indicated. So, incidental findings could provide life-saving information. (Eur J Dent 2007;1:132-138)
Influence of Diamond Sono-Abrasion, Air-Abrasion and Er:YAG Laser Irradiation on Bonding of Different Adhesive Systems to Dentin
Authors: de Oliveira Marcelo Tavares , de Freitas Patrícia Moreira , Eduardo Carlos de Paula , Ambrosano Glaucia Maria Bovi , Giannini Marcelo 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTObjectives: Different surface treatments may affect bonding performance of adhesive systems to dentin. This study evaluated the influence of different methods of surface treatment on adhesion of bonding agents to dentin.Methods: TDentin surfaces abraded with #600-grit SiC paper were used as control. Three methods of surface treatment (sono-abrasion, air-abrasion and Er:YAG laser irradiation) were used under specific parameters. Four adhesive systems (Tyrian, Clearfil SE Bond, Unifil Bond and Single Bond) were applied to treated surfaces, according to the manufacturers’ instructions. Composite blocks were built on bonded surfaces, then restored teeth were vertically and serially sectioned to obtain bonded slices for interfacial micromorphologic analysis or to produce beam specimens for μ-TBS bond test. Data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA and Tukey test at a significance level of 5%.Results: The results indicated that the preparation of dentin with sono-abrasion or laser did not affect the bond strength, while the preparation of dentin with SiC paper and air-abrasion influenced the bond strength for some systems. A clear difference of the preparation of dentin surfaces and formation of hybrid layer and resin tags were noted.Conclusions: Bonding effectiveness of both the etch-and-rinse and the self-etch adhesives can be influenced by different methods of dentin preparation. (Eur J Dent 2007;1:158-166)
Reattachment of Coronal Fragment Using Fiber-Reinforced Post: A Case Report
Authors: ZORBA Yahya Orcun , ÖZCAN Erdal 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTCoronal fractures of permanent dentition are the most frequent type of dental injury. If the original tooth fragment is retained following fracture, the natural tooth structures can be reattached using adhesive protocols. The development and use of fiber-reinforced composite root canal posts make possible of the reattachment of the crown esthetically. This case report presents a clinical technique to reattachment maxillary lateral incisor tooth after trauma using direct fiber-reinforced post systems. At the 1-year follow-up, a slightly marginal discoloration, but no recurrent decay or composite clefts were detected and the resultant appearance was acceptable to the patient. (Eur J Dent 2007;1:174-178)
Multiple Hereditary Osteochondromatosis: A Case Report
Authors: Küçükesmen Çiğdem , Özen Buğra , Akçam Mustafa 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTObjectives: Common carious lesions owing to vomiting are not widespread in children. In this case, we aimed to report an 11-years-old male patient with common carious lesions due to repeated vomitings, chewing and eating difficulty and retarded growth with Multiple Hereditary Osteochondromatosis (MHO).Case Report: An 11-years-old boy was referred to Department of Pediatric Dentistry in Faculty of Dentistry because of eating difficulty owing to common carious lesions. It was seen that the patient growth was generally retarded in extra-oral examination. Some exostoses were also present on the extremities. It was learned that he was previously diagnosed as MHO in Faculty of Medicine. Nausea and vomiting have been commonly occurring after taking of Didronat. Chewing and eating difficulty and inadequate nutrition were present because of bad oral hygiene, carious lesions and remained roots. Growth was negatively affected by malnutrition and MHO.Results: Diet recommendations were given and oral hygiene behaviors were rearranged. Preventive, surgical, restorative and prosthetical dental applications were applied for dental treatments. (Eur J Dent 2007;1:183-187)
Effect of Mouthrinse Containing Propolis on Oral Microorganisms and Human Gingival Fibroblasts
Authors: Özan Fatih , Sümer Zeynep , Polat Zübeyde Akın , Er Kürşat , Özan Ülkü , Değer Orhan 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTObjectives: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of four different mouthrinse containing propolis solutions and mouthrinse containing 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX) on oral microorganisms and human gingival fibroblasts.Methods: Four different solutions of propolis were prepared and propylene glycol and alcohol were used as solvents for each propolis sample. Mouthrinse containing propolis was prepared at four different concentrations as 10%, 5%, 2.5% and 1%. Besides, CHX was used as control group. The antibacterial effects of five solutions on oral microorganisms were tested and their cytotoxic effects on human gingival fibroblasts were evaluated by agar diffusion test.Results: At this concentrations effectiveness of mouthrinse containing propolis samples on oral microorganisms were not found as effective as CHX. On the contrary, samples found less cytotoxic on human gingival fibroblasts than CHX.Conclusions: Standardized preparations of propolis can be used as a mouthrinse at appropriate concentrations. To obtain a standardized chemical composition, advanced researches are needed. (Eur J Dent 2007;1:195-201)
The Effect of Tobacco Smoking on Gingival Crevicular Fluid Volume
Authors: Üstün Kemal , Ö. Alptekin Nilgün 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTObjectives: The negative effects of smoking on periodontal health are well known. But the mechanism is not clear yet. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of smoking on gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) volumeMethods: The study included 26 age and gender matched periodontally healthy males. Half of the participants were smokers and the others were non-smokers. After periodontal measures were taken GCF samples were collected from 4 teeth of the subjects. The GCF volume was measured with an electronical deviceResults: The mean plaque index (PI) and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) volumes were significantly lower in non-smokers (P=.019 and P=.027, respectively). The other parameters did not show significant differencesConclusions: Smoking significantly increased GCF volume compared to non-smoking subjects. This may contribute to the negative effects of smoking on periodontal tissues. (Eur J Dent 2007;1:236- 239)
Intrinsically undamped plasmon modes in narrow electron bands
Authors: Lewandowski Cyprian , Levitov Leonid 
Published: September 2019

Significance
We argue that moiré graphene provides an opportunity to realize plasmons not subject to Landau damping. Eliminating damping is central for the ongoing quest for low-loss plasmons and dissipationless light–matter coupling. “Lifting the curse” of Landau dissipation is a surprising behavior originating from plasmon modes extending far above the narrow-band particle–hole continuum into the forbidden energy gap, where they decouple from particle–hole excitations. While our findings apply broadly to all narrow electron bands with an energy gap above the flat band, these effects are particularly prominent in moiré graphene because of uniquely strong electron interactions in this material. The intrinsically undamped plasmons feature enhanced optical coherence and spatial interference, directly testable by state-of-the-art near-field techniques.
Identification of the characteristic components in walnut and anti-inflammatory effect of glansreginin A as an indicator for quality evaluation
Authors: Haramiishi Rie , Okuyama Satoshi , Yoshimura Morio , Nakajima Mitsunari , Furukawa Yoshiko , Ito Hideyuki , Amakura Yoshiaki 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Walnut is a nutritious food material, but only a few studies have been conducted on the mechanisms of its functions and the technique for quality evaluation. Therefore, we analyzed the components in aqueous methanol extract of walnut, and characterized 30 components, including three new compounds, glansreginin C, ellagic acid 4-O-(3′-O-galloyl)-β-D-xyloside, and platycaryanin A methyl ester. We analyzed the extracts of other nuts using HPLC and clarified that a characteristic peak corresponding to glansreginin A was mainly observed in walnut. These results suggested that glansreginin A might be an indicator component of the quality of walnut. We then examined whether glansreginin A has neuroprotective effect, using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory model mice. The results revealed that oral administration of glansreginin A prevented LPS-induced abnormal behavior and LPS-induced hyper-activation of microglia in the hippocampus. These results suggested that glansreginin A has the ability to exert neuroprotective effect via anti-inflammation in the brain.
Large scale production of lacto-N-biose I, a building block of type I human milk oligosaccharides, using sugar phosphorylases
Authors: Nishimoto Mamoru 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTHuman milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have drawn attention for their contribution to the explosive bifidobacterial growth in the intestines of neonates. We found that bifidobacteria can efficiently metabolize lacto-N-biose I (LNB), the major building blocks of HMOs, and we have developed a method to synthesize LNB by applying this system. We produced LNB on a kilogram scale by the method. This proved that, among the enterobacteria, only bifidobacteria can assimilate LNB, and provided the data that supported the explosive growth of bifidobacteria in neonates. Furthermore, we were also able to reveal the structure of LNB crystal and the low stability for heating at neutral pH, which has not been clarified so far. In this paper, using bifidobacteria and LNB as examples, I describe the research on oligosaccharide synthesis that was conducted by utilizing a sugar metabolism.Abbreviations: LNB: lacto-N-biose I; GNB: galacto-N-biose; HMOs: human milk oligosaccharides; GLNBP: GNB/LNB phosphorylase; NahK: N-acetylhexosamine 1-kinase; GalT: UDP-glucose-hexose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase; GalE: UDP-glucose 4-epimerase; SP: sucrose phosphorylase.
Circulating extracellular vesicle content reveals de novo DNA methyltransferase expression as a molecular method to predict septic shock
Authors: Dakhlallah Duaa A. , Wisler Jon , Gencheva Marieta , Brown Candice M. , Leatherman Erin R. , Singh Kanhaiya , Brundage Kathy , Karsies Todd , Dakhlallah Ahmad , Witwer Kenneth W. , Sen Chandan K. , Eubank Timothy D. , Marsh Clay B. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are mRNA‐containing cell fragments shed into circulation during pathophysiological events. DNA methyltransferases (DNMT1, DNMT3A, and DNMT3B) regulate gene expression by modifying DNA methylation and altering transcription. Sepsis is a systemic insult resulting in vascular dysfunction, which can lead to shock and death. We analysed plasma from ICU patients for circulating EV numbers, defined as particles isolated from 1 mL plasma at 21,000xg, and DNMTs mRNA content as prognostic markers of septic shock. Compared to plasma from critically ill patients with or without sepsis, plasma from septic shock patients contained more EVs per mL, expressed as total DNMTs mRNAs over 5 days, and more individual DNMT mRNAs at each day. A comparison of EV‐DNMT1 (maintenance methylation) with EV‐DNMT3A+DNMT3B (de novo methylation) expression correlated highly with severity, and EVs from septic shock patients carried more total DNMT mRNAs and more DNMT3A+DNMT3B mRNAs than control or sepsis EVs. Total plasma EVs also correlated with sepsis severity. EV‐DNMT mRNAs load, when coupled with total plasma EV number, may be a novel method to diagnose septic shock upon ICU admittance and offer opportunities to more precisely intervene with standard therapy or other targeted interventions to regulate EV release and/or specific DNMT activity.
Atomistic simulations on nanoimprinting of copper by aligned carbon nanotube arrays under a high-frequency mechanical vibration
Authors: Li Lili , Xia Zhenhai , Yang Yanqing , Yuan M N 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Nanoimprinting behaviors of copper substrates and double-walled carbon nanotubes with interwall sp
3 bonds are investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. A high-frequency mechanical vibration with various amplitudes is applied on the carbon nanotube (CNT) mold and copper substrate in different directions. Results show that exciting mechanical resonances both on the CNT and substrate drastically decrease the maximum imprint force and interfacial friction up to 50% under certain amplitudes. Meanwhile, it is demonstrated that defects occur in the {111} plane in the copper substrate during nanoimprinting. For different CNT array densities, a higher grafting density needs more imprint force to transfer patterns. The maximum imprint force for a large range of CNT array densities can be reduced by vibrational perturbations, while reduction rates depend on the CNT grafting density. This work sheds deep insights into the nanoimprint process at the atomic level, suggesting that vibration perturbation is an effective approach for improving the nanoimprinting accuracy and preventing the fracture of nanopatterns.
Blind deconvolution in model-based iterative reconstruction for CT using a normalized sparsity measure
Authors: Hehn Lorenz , Tilley Steven , Pfeiffer Franz , Stayman J Webster 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Model-based iterative reconstruction techniques for CT that include a description of the noise statistics and a physical forward model of the image formation process have proven to increase image quality for many applications. Specifically, including models of the system blur into the physical forward model and thus implicitly performing a deconvolution of the projections during tomographic reconstruction, could demonstrate distinct improvements, especially in terms of resolution. However, the results strongly rely on an exact characterization of all components contributing to the system blur. Such characterizations can be laborious and even a slight mismatch can diminish image quality significantly. Therefore, we introduce a novel objective function, which enables us to jointly estimate system blur parameters during tomographic reconstruction. Conventional objective functions are biased in terms of blur and can yield lowest cost to blurred reconstructions with low noise levels. A key feature of our objective function is a new normalized sparsity measure for CT based on total-variation regularization, constructed to be less biased in terms of blur. We outline a solving strategy for jointly recovering low-dimensional blur parameters during tomographic reconstruction. We perform an extensive simulation study, evaluating the performance of the regularization and the dependency of the different parts of the objective function on the blur parameters. Scenarios with different regularization strengths and system blurs are investigated, demonstrating that we can recover the blur parameter used for the simulations. The proposed strategy is validated and the dependency of the objective function with the number of iterations is analyzed. Finally, our approach is experimentally validated on test-bench data of a human wrist phantom, where the estimated blur parameter coincides well with visual inspection. Our findings are not restricted to attenuation-based CT and may facilitate the recovery of more complex imaging model parameters.
Contribution of rice variety renewal and agronomic innovations to yield improvement and greenhouse gas mitigation in China
Authors: Zhang Yi , Jiang Yu , Tai Amos P K , Feng Jinfei , Li Zhijie , Zhu Xiangcheng , Chen Jin , Zhang Jun , Song Zhenwei , Deng Aixing , Lal Rattan , Zhang Weijian 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
China’s rice agriculture, a primary source of greenhouse gases (GHGs), has experienced great changes in the last five decades due to changes in dominant varieties and farming practices. However, the impacts of these changes on GHG emissions have not been comprehensively assessed. While most earlier studies focused on the GHG emissions per unit area, recent research indicated that the yield-scaled impact may better reflect the reality. Through integrating the results from a meta-analysis, two multi-site field experiments and an expert survey, we quantify the integrated impacts of different practices on both area- and yield-scaled GHG emissions in China. Results from the expert survey showed that rice planting area has shifted northwards, and alternate water-saving (WS) irrigation has been applied in nearly 78% of Chinese rice paddy areas in both the rice nursery stage and post-transplanting period over the past five decades. The changes of these practices and replacement of new rice varieties have increased China’s rice yield by 131%. During the same period, cropping system adjustment, variety replacement, and implementation of WS irrigation have reduced total GHG emissions by 7%, 31%, and 42%, respectively. Also, the major decrease in GWP occurred prior to the 2000s, and the decreasing trend continued in the post-2000s period but at a slower rate. Our results have some limitations as these estimates ignore a number of important variations and interactions among management factors as well as climatic and edaphic conditions. Still, our findings illustrate that it is possible to enhance rice productivity at reduced environmental costs through screening for low emission varieties and agronomic practices. Future innovations should ensure that rice farming progressively adapts to climate change, while continuing to reduce GHG emissions.
Islands for an Anxious Empire: Japan’s Pacific Island Mandate
Authors: Loo Tze M. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
A century after the victorious Allied powers distributed their spoils of victory in 1919, the world still lives with the geopolitical consequences of the mandates system established by the League of Nations. The Covenant article authorizing the new imperial dispensation came cloaked in the old civilizationist discourse, entrusting sovereignty over “peoples not yet able to stand by themselves under the strenuous conditions of the modern world” to the “advanced nations” of Belgium, England, France, Japan, and South Africa. In this series of AHR “reflections” on the mandates, ten scholars of Europe, Africa, the Middle East, Asia, and the international order consider the consequences of the new geopolitical order birthed by World War I. How did the reshuffling of imperial power in the immediate postwar period configure long-term struggles over minority rights, decolonization, and the shape of nation-states when the colonial era finally came to a close? How did the alleged beneficiaries—more often the victims—of this “sacred trust” grasp their own fates in a world that simultaneously promised and denied them the possibility of self-determination? From Palestine, to Namibia, to Kurdistan, and beyond, the legacies of the mandatory moment remain pressing questions today.