bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum levels of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor in patients with acne vulgaris
Authors: Mikhael Nancy W. , Hamed Ahmed M. , Mansour Amira I. , Abdelrahman Eman S. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryBackgroundMany dermatological diseases have a great impact on the psychological state of patients, like urticaria, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and acne vulgaris. Finding a “gold standard” biomarker for chronic stress in acne patients is challenging because of the complex etiology of the chronic stress and its variable manifestations.AimsThe aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between serum levels of BDNF and the presence and severity of acne vulgaris and to assess the relationship of this biomarker to both the degree of psychological stress and the quality of patients’ lives (QoL).Patients and MethodsSixty patients with acne vulgaris were included, together with twenty apparently healthy, age‐, and sex‐matched individuals as a control group. Patients filled a Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) questionnaire; both patients and controls filled a Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS) and perceived stress scale‐10 (PSS) questionnaires. Serum levels of BDNF were measured for patients and controls using ELISA technique.ResultsPatients with acne had significantly lower levels of BDNF and significantly higher HADS and PSS‐10 questionnaires scores. A significant negative correlation was found between serum levels of BDNF and PSS questionnaire scores.ConclusionPatients with acne are at a high risk to develop chronic stress, anxiety, and depression. BDNF is a good predictor for assessment of chronic stress in such patients.
Reversing the lens: How followers influence leader–member exchange quality
Authors: Xu Angela J. , Loi Raymond , Cai Zhenyao , Liden Robert C. 
Published: April 2019

Building on Foa and Foa's (1974) resource theory, this study explores why, how, and when followers’ proactive engagement in taking charge behaviours can drive leader–member exchange (LMX) relationships. Through a three‐wave multi‐rater field survey among 230 leader–follower dyads in China, we found that follower taking charge is positively related to LMX after accounting for the effect of in‐role performance. Our results suggest leader perceived service resources (i.e., the efforts and actions carried out by the focal follower that make the leader's work more effective) as the underlying mechanism of this relationship. Further, our findings demonstrate that achievement‐goal‐striving leaders are more likely to recognize the service value of taking charge followers and subsequently develop high‐quality LMX relationships with them. This study moves LMX theory forward by investigating follower‐driven LMX development. It also contributes to the emerging work on followership by ‘reversing the lens’ between leadership practice (in terms of LMX) and follower behaviour (in terms of taking charge).Practitioner points

Leaders should be aware of the valuable service resources associated with followers’ taking charge attempts.

Followers who work under achievement‐goal‐striving leaders should be more proactive in building high‐quality relationships with their bosses by taking charge at work.

To benefit from high‐quality LMX relationships, organizations should train leaders to appreciate followers’ taking charge endeavours.
Disagreement in leader–follower dyadic exchanges: Shared relationship satisfaction and investment as antecedents
Authors: Loignon Andrew C. , Gooty Janaki , Rogelberg Steven G. , Lucianetti Lorenzo 
Published: April 2019

Leader–member exchange (LMX) has long been considered a relationship‐based, dyadic model of leader–follower interactions. Recent reviews of this literature have, however, documented a paucity of research focusing on relationship‐based antecedents and dyadic‐level outcomes. In this study, we draw upon the relationship investment model to consider the effects of shared perceptions (or lack thereof) of relationship satisfaction and investment in the LMX relationship, from both the leader and follower's perspectives in predicting divergent perceptions of LMX (i.e., dyadic LMX disagreement). Using multi‐source data obtained from managers and their subordinates working at 31 organizations, we test hypotheses using a specific form of multivariate multilevel regression (i.e., a one‐with‐many model). Our findings suggest that dyadic LMX disagreement is associated with differences in how leaders and followers weight the importance of satisfaction and investments in their relationship. Also, if leaders are overinvested or over‐satisfied, we observe unique forms of disagreement in LMX ratings. Based on these results, we highlight implications for extending theory and research in LMX as well as work relationships.Practitioner points

Disagreements among leaders and subordinates regarding the quality of their relationship (i.e., not seeing eye to eye) can weaken the impact of subordinates’ efforts and reduce their engagement.

Leaders and subordinates can more easily see eye to eye about their relationships by acknowledging the difference in importance they place on the previous investment they have made in the other person and discussing what each member of the pair is seeking to obtain from their relationship.

It is more difficult for leaders and subordinates to see eye to eye about their relationships when leaders have invested more or are more satisfied than their subordinates.
Development and validation of nomogram for prediction of malignant transformation in oral leukoplakia: A large‐scale cohort study
Authors: Wang Tianjiao , Wang Lin , Yang Huifang , Lu Han , Zhang Jianyun , Li Nan , Guo Chuan‐Bin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPurposeOral leukoplakia (OL) is the well‐known disorder of oral mucosa, which has potential to be malignant and can lead to squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In the following study, we developed a comprehensive nomogram for predicting the malignant progression of OL, based on analysis of clinicopathological variables.MethodsA retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with OL was performed between 1998 and 2017 at the Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology. OL was confirmed by pre‐treatment biopsy. The candidate risk factors for OL malignant transformation were screened from clinicopathological variables using the Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. The nomogram model was generated based on the COX regression results and was validated through Harrell concordance index (c‐index) and calibration plotsResultsThe incidence of OL malignant transformation (MT) was 12.2% (107/875), and the mean follow‐up time was 4.5 years. The risk factors (age, histologic grade, site of lesion and smoking habit) derived from Cox proportional hazard regression analysis were incorporated in a novel nomogram model for prediction of MT severity. The c‐index value of the nomogram model was 0.752, which confirmed the prediction ability; and was further confirmed by calibration plots results.ConclusionOur data suggest that patients with OL who are over 50 years old, non‐smokers with dysplasia, and OL lesions involving the lip, the floor of mouth, and tongue have an enhanced risk of MT. The established nomogram model has the predictive value of malignant progression, which is conductive to screen high‐risk patients and guide treatment strategy.
Identification and pathogenicity of Macrophomina species collected from weeds in melon fields in Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Negreiros Andréia Mitsa Paiva , Sales Júnior Rui , León Maela , de Assis Melo Naama Jessica , Michereff Sami Jorge , de Queiroz Ambrósio Márcia Michelle , de Sousa Medeiros Hohana Lissa , Armengol Josep 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this work, a collection of 94 Macrophomina isolates obtained from roots of two weed species, Trianthema portulacastrum and Boerhavia diffusa, collected during surveys conducted during 2015 and 2016 in melon production fields in Northeastern Brazil, were characterized by using molecular techniques. Phylogenetic analysis of the EF1‐α gene allowed the identification of 32 isolates as M. phaseolina and 62 isolates as M. pseudophaseolina. Results of a pathogenicity test performed on melon seedlings of the cv. “Gladial” revealed that all M. phaseolina isolates inoculated were able to cause disease to melon seedlings, but only some M. pseudophaseolina isolates were able to infect them. This study represents the first report of M. pseudophaseolina in both T. portulacastrum and B. diffusa weeds, which are prevalent in the main Brazilian melon producing and exporting regions. Information about the biology and epidemiology of M. pseudophaseolina is scarce because of its recent description; thus, further research is needed for a better understanding of this fungus as a potentially emerging pathogen of melon and other crops.
Efficacy and safety of ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir and dasabuvir with low‐dose ribavirin in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1a infection without cirrhosis
Authors: Poordad Fred , Sedghi Shahriar , Pockros Paul J. , Ravendhran Natarajan , Reindollar Robert , Lucey Michael R. , Epstein Michael , Bank Leslie , Bernstein David , Trinh Roger , Krishnan Preethi , Polepally Akshanth R. , Unnebrink Kristina , Martinez Marisol , Nelson David R. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPatients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) treated with interferon‐free direct‐acting antivirals may still require ribavirin. However, ribavirin is associated with adverse events that can limit its use. This open‐label, multicentre, Phase 3 study evaluated the safety and efficacy of ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir + dasabuvir (OBV/PTV/r + DSV) with low‐dose ribavirin for 12 weeks in genotype 1a‐infected patients without cirrhosis. The primary efficacy endpoint was sustained virologic response at post‐treatment Week 12 (SVR12). The primary safety endpoint was haemoglobin <10 g/dL during treatment and decreased from baseline. Overall, 105 patients enrolled. The SVR12 rate was 89.5% (n/N = 94/105; 95% CI, 83.7‐95.4). The study did not achieve noninferiority versus the historic SVR12 rate for OBV/PTV/r + DSV plus weight‐based ribavirin. Five patients experienced virologic failure, four discontinued, and two had missing SVR12 data. Excluding nonvirologic failures, the SVR12 rate was 94.9% (n/N = 94/99). One patient met the primary safety endpoint. OBV/PTV/r + DSV plus low‐dose ribavirin offers an alternative option for patients in whom full‐dose ribavirin may compromise tolerability, although noninferiority to the weight‐based ribavirin regimen was not met.
Hepatitis C virus testing, liver disease assessment and direct‐acting antiviral treatment uptake and outcomes in a service for people who are homeless in Sydney, Australia: The LiveRLife homelessness study
Authors: Bajis Sahar , Grebely Jason , Cooper Lucy , Smith Julie , Owen Greg , Chudleigh Alan , Hajarizadeh Behzad , Martinello Marianne , Adey Sara , Read Phillip , Gilliver Rosemary , Applegate Tanya , Treloar Carla , Maher Lisa , Dore Gregory J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPeople who are homeless have increased hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection risk, and are less likely to access primary healthcare. We aimed to evaluate HCV RNA prevalence, liver disease burden, linkage to care and treatment uptake and outcomes among people attending a homelessness service in Sydney. Participants were enrolled in an observational cohort study with recruitment at a homelessness service over eight liver health campaign days. Finger‐stick whole‐blood samples for Xpert® HCV Viral Load and venepuncture blood samples were collected. Participants completed a self‐administered survey and received transient elastography and clinical assessment by a general practitioner or nurse. Clinical follow‐up was recommended 2‐12 weeks after enrolment. For participants initiating direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) therapy, medical records were audited retrospectively and treatment outcome data were collected. Among 202 participants (mean age, 48 years), 82% were male (n = 165), 39% (n = 78) reported ever injecting drugs, of whom 63% (n = 49) injected in the previous month. Overall, 23% (n = 47) had detectable HCV RNA and 6% (n=12) had cirrhosis. HCV RNA prevalence among participants with either injecting or incarceration history was 35% (37/105), compared to 4% (3/73) among participants without these risk factors. Among those with detectable HCV RNA, 23 (49%) commenced therapy, of whom 65% (n = 15) achieved sustained virological response, while the remainder had no available treatment outcome. No participant had documented virological failure. HCV DAA treatment uptake among people attending a homelessness service was encouraging, but innovative models of HCV care are required to improve linkage to care and treatment uptake among this highly marginalized population.
Management of Hepatitis C Infection in children in the era of Direct‐acting Antiviral Agents
Authors: Karnsakul Wikrom , Schwarz Kathleen B. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractChronic hepatitis C certainly is a global health burden in children as well as in adults. Spontaneous viral clearance can occur in early childhood but is uncommon thereafter. Although the majority of cases are asymptomatic during childhood and young adulthood, without an effective treatment, children who acquire HCV via vertical transmission can develop chronic liver disease and other complications including end‐stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma in adulthood. Efforts from worldwide health organizations, the pharmaceutical industry, and clinical and research institutions have resulted in very effective interferon‐free therapy with direct‐acting antiviral agents (DAAs) for HCV‐infected children. In this manuscript, we will briefly review the epidemiology of HCV in children, historic treatment, current published data on DAAs in children and conclude with suggestions for management of the child with HCV in the era of DAAs.
Incidence of antimicrobial resistance genes and class 1 integron gene cassettes in multidrug-resistant motile Aeromonas sp. isolated from ornamental guppy (Poecilia reticulata)
Authors: Hossain S. , De Silva B.C.J. , Wickramanayake M.V.K.S. , Dahanayake P.S. , Wimalasena S.H.M.P. , Heo G.-J. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Aeromonas sp. are opportunistic pathogenic bacteria which are associated with various diseases in ornamental fish, aquaculture raised species and wild fisheries. In our study, antimicrobial resistance patterns, antimicrobial resistance genes and class 1 integron gene cassettes of 52 guppy-borne Aeromonas sp. were examined. The isolates were identified as A. veronii (n = 34), A. dhakensis (n = 10), A. hydrophila (n = 3), A. caviae (n = 3) and A. enteropelogenes (n = 2) by gyrB gene sequencing. Every isolate was resistant to at least four antimicrobials in disc diffusion test. The resistance to amoxicillin, nalidixic acid and oxytetracycline was 100% among the tested isolates. 92·30, 76·92, 71·15, 51·92, 51·92 and 50·00% of the isolates were resistant to ampicillin, rifampicin, imipenem, cephalothin, tetracycline and trimethoprim respectively. The multiple antibiotic resistance index values ranged from 0·28 to 0·67. PCR amplification of antimicrobial resistance genes implied the occurrence of tetracycline resistance (tetA (65·39%), tetE (25·00%) and tetB (15·38%)), plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (qnrS (26·92%) and qnrB (17·31%)) and aminoglycoside resistance (aphaAI-IAB (7·69%) and aac (6′)-Ib (3·84%)) genes in the isolates. The IntI gene was positive for 36·54% of the isolates and four class 1 integron gene cassette profiles (aadA2, qacE2-orfD, aadA2-catB2 and dfrA12-aadA2) were identified. These data suggest that ornamental guppy can be a reservoir of multidrug-resistant Aeromonas sp. which comprise different antimicrobial resistance genes and class 1 integrons.

Significance and Impact of the Study
Antimicrobial resistance genes and integron gene cassettes of ornamental fish-borne aeromonads are poorly studied. The antimicrobial resistance patterns, antimicrobial resistance genes and class 1 integron gene cassettes of Aeromonas sp. isolated from ornamental guppy were characterized for the first time in Korea. The incidence of different antimicrobial resistance genes and class 1 integron gene cassettes were observed in multidrug-resistant Aeromonas isolates. This result suggests that better management practices are necessary to prevent and address the serious consequences of indiscriminate and inappropriate antimicrobial use, and the distribution of multidrug-resistant bacteria.
Divergence with gene flow is driven by local adaptation to temperature and soil phosphorus concentration in teosinte subspecies (Zea mays parviglumisandZea mays mexicana)
Authors: Aguirre‐Liguori Jonás A. , Gaut Brandon S. , Jaramillo‐Correa Juan Pablo , Tenaillon Maud I. , Montes‐Hernández Salvador , García‐Oliva Felipe , Hearne Sarah J. , Eguiarte Luis E. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPatterns of genomic divergence between hybridizing taxa can be heterogeneous along the genome. Both differential introgression and local adaptation may contribute to this pattern. Here, we analysed two teosinte subspecies,Zea maysssp.parviglumisand ssp.mexicana, to test whether their divergence has occurred in the face of gene flow and to infer which environmental variables have been important drivers of their ecological differentiation. We generated 9,780 DArTseqTM SNPs for 47 populations, and used an additional data set containing 33,454 MaizeSNP50 SNPs for 49 populations. With these data, we inferred features of demographic history and performed genome wide scans to determine the number of outlier SNPs associated with climate and soil variables. The two data sets indicate that divergence has occurred or been maintained despite continuous gene flow and/or secondary contact. Most of the significant SNP associations were to temperature and to phosphorus concentration in the soil. A large proportion of these candidate SNPs were located in regions of high differentiation that had been identified previously as putative inversions. We therefore propose that genomic differentiation in teosintes has occurred by a process of adaptive divergence, with putative inversions contributing to reduced gene flow between locally adapted populations.
Assessing thermal adaptation using family‐based association andFSToutlier tests in a threatened trout species
Authors: Amish Stephen J. , Ali Omar , Peacock Mary , Miller Michael , Robinson Morgan , Smith Seth , Luikart Gordon , Neville Helen 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDiscovering genetic markers associated with phenotypic or ecological characteristics can improve our understanding of adaptation and guide conservation of key evolutionary traits. The Lahontan cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii henshawi) of the northern Great Basin Desert, USA, demonstrated exceptional tolerance to high temperatures in the desert lakes where it resided historically. This trait is central to a conservation hatchery effort to protect the genetic legacy of the nearly extinct lake ecotype. We genotyped full‐sibling families from this conservation broodstock and samples from the only two remaining, thermally distinct, native lake populations at 4,644 new single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Family‐based genome‐wide association testing of the broodstock identified nine and 26 SNPs associated with thermal tolerance (p < 0.05 andp < 0.1), measured in a previous thermal challenge experiment. Genes near the associated SNPs had complex functions related to immunity, growth, metabolism and ion homeostasis. Principal component analysis using the thermotolerance‐related SNPs showed unexpected divergence between the conservation broodstock and the native lake populations at these loci.FSToutlier tests on the native lake populations identified 18 loci shared between two or more of the tests, with two SNPs identified by all three tests (p < 0.01); none overlapped with loci identified by association testing in the broodstock. A recent history of isolation and the complex genetic and demographic backgrounds of Lahontan cutthroat trout probably limited our ability to find shared thermal tolerance loci. Our study extends the still relatively rare application of genomic tools testing for markers associated with important phenotypic or environmental characteristics in species of conservation concern.
Kinned to beNorwegian: transnational adoptees' positioning in relation to whiteness and the negotiation of nationhood
Authors: Zhao Yan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractEmbedded in ongoing discussions on everyday nationhood in the context of migration‐related diversity, this article explores how Norwegian transnational adoptees, as border subjects, negotiate their national belonging and identities by positioning themselves in relation to whiteness. By doing so, it further explores the relationship between race and nation. The analysis demonstrates that transnational adoptees position themselves as white when encountering the norm of whiteness, which the author argues in favour of understanding as continued process of doing race. While phenotypic differences trigger a process of racialisation through which transnational adoptees can easily be placed in a minoritised position, adoption provides them with unique access to whiteness, mostly along the negotiable and intertwined dimensions of kinship and the notion of ‘origin’, referred to as the place where they grew up. The article argues that individuals' positioning along majoritisation/minoritisation processes is another important dimension to understand one's multiple and fluid national identity and belonging in migration‐related diversity. The analysis also furthers the discussions on hierarchy of belonging by highlighting the relevance of kinship in intersection with race.
Bone turnover markers predict type of bone histomorphometry and bone mineral density in Asian chronic haemodialysis patients
Authors: Laowalert Suthanit , Khotavivattana Tanatorn , Wattanachanya Lalita , Luangjarmekorn Pobe , Udomkarnjananun Suwasin , Katavetin Pisut , Eiam‐Ong Somchai , Praditpornsilpa Kearkiat , Susantitaphong Paweena 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundAlthough the levels of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) are well‐controlled following the Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative guideline, the incidence of osteoporosis and fracture are still high in haemodialysis (HD) patients. This study was conducted to investigate the correlation between bone turnover markers, bone mineral density (BMD), and bone histomorphometry in HD patients.MethodsTwenty‐two chronic HD patients were enrolled. Serum levels of bone turnover markers were measured. Double tetracycline‐labelled iliac crest bone specimens were evaluated using specialized a computer program (Osteomeasure). The types of bone histomorphometry were classified based on turnover, mineralization and volume. BMD and coronary artery calcification were also determined.ResultsBone histomorphometry revealed osteitis fibrosa (50%), adynamic bone disease (45%) and mixed uremic osteodystrophy (5%). Serum iPTH level predicted high bone turnover with area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) of 0.833 (95% CI = 0.665–1.000, P = 0.008). Serum TRAP‐5b also had ROC of 0.733 (95% CI = 0.517–0.950, P = 0.065). In addition, when using serum iPTH (cut‐off 484.50 ng/mL) or serum TRAP‐5b (cut‐off 1.91 pg./mL) to predict high turnover, the sensitivity was 0.917. On the other hand, when both iPTH and TRAP‐5B were above these cut‐off, the specificity was 1.000. Low BMD and severe vascular calcification were commonly identified. However, there were no significant correlations between bone biomarkers and BMD or severe vascular calcification.ConclusionAlthough iPTH levels were close to the target of Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative guideline, abnormal bone histomorphometry, BMD, and severe vascular calcification are still common. Bone biopsy is still crucially required as an accurate diagnostic tool in providing optimal guide for the treatment. © 2019 Asian Pacific Society of Nephrology