bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Breast Cancer: Design of Metronomic Chemotherapy
Authors: Sales María E. , Español Alejandro J. , Salem Agustina R. , Pulido Paola M. , Sanchez Y. , Sanchez Francisco 
Published: December 2018

Background:
muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) have attracted interest as
targets for therapeutic interventions in different illnesses like Alzheimer´s disease, viral infections
and different tumors. Regarding the latter, many authors have studied each subtype of mAChRs,
which seem to be involved in the progression of distinct types of malignancies.

Methods:
We carefully revised research literature focused on mAChRs expression and signaling as
well as in their involvement in cancer progression and treatment. The characteristics of screened
papers were described using the mentioned conceptual framework.

Results:
Muscarinic antagonists and agonists have been assayed for the treatment of tumors established
in lung, brain and breast with beneficial effects. We described an up-regulation of mAChRs
in mammary tumors and the lack of expression in non-tumorigenic breast cells and normal mammary
tissues. We and others demonstrated that muscarinic agonists can trigger anti-tumor actions in
a dose-dependent manner on tumors originated in different organs like brain or breast. At pharmacological
concentrations, they exert similar effects to traditional chemotherapeutic agents. Metronomic
chemotherapy refers to the administration of anti-cancer drugs at low doses with short intervals
among them, and it is a different regimen applied in cancer treatment reducing malignant
growth and angiogenesis, and very low incidence of adverse effects.

Conclusion:
The usage of subthreshold concentrations of muscarinic agonists combined with conventional
chemotherapeutic agents could be a promising tool for breast cancer therapy.
Influence of Paraquat on Four Rhizobacteria Strains: Pantoea agglomerans, Rhizobium nepotum, Rhizobium radiobacter and Rhizobium tibeticum
Authors: Maldani Mohamed , Ben Messaoud Btissam , Nassiri Laila , Ibijbijen Jamal 
Published: December 2018

Background:Soil microorganisms are exposed to herbicides after treatment, which leads to their interaction. The result of this interaction may be the degradation of the herbicides by the microorganisms and by the way, they use the degradation products as an energy source for their own physiological processes, or herbicides have a toxic effect on these microorganisms. Herbicide toxicity becomes severe instantly after application when its concentration in soil is the highest. Paraquat is one of the most widely used herbicides in agriculture; inappropriate use of this herbicide represents an immense pollution problem for soil, therefore on microorganisms. However, the knowledge about the effect of paraquat on soil microorganisms has been limited.Objectives:The purpose of the current study was to determine the effect of paraquat application on four nitrogen-fixing bacteria:Pantoea agglomerans, Rhizobium nepotum, Rhizobium tibeticumandRhizobium radiobacter.Methods:Paraquat was applied as the sole source of carbon at a rate (0 g/L, 0.5 g/L, 1 g/L, 3 g/L, 6 g/L and 12 g/L). The effect of paraquat treatments was determined by agar diffusion method and the rate of the growth of bacterial colonies in each treatment.Results:In the agar diffusion method, the bacterial strains were inhibited by paraquat, in which the inhibition zone was wider with the increase of paraquat concentration; also, analysis of the Colony Forming Units (CFUs) mostly showed a declining in bacterial growth. In comparison with the control, the growth of the four strains was decreased by increasing the paraquat concentration. Comparing strains with each other,Pantoea agglomeransis the most resistant strain to paraquat.Conclusion:Our study has shown the impact of the irrational use of pesticide upon the beneficial bacteria in question. For that, the results of this research have a positive impact on the natural environment, which will have tangible social and economic impacts.
Treatment Assessment Among Hypertensive Patients of a Rural Polyclinic in Russia: The Results of Structured Questionnaire
Authors: Posnenkova O.M. , Gerasimov S.N. , Popova Y.V. , Gridnev V.I. , Kiselev Anton R. 
Published: December 2018

Background:
Information on treatment obtained from hypertensive patients could add the data of medical records and reveal the problems addressed to hypertensives’ attitudes and behavior.

Objective:
To evaluate patients’ knowledge on hypertension and treatment behavior at a rural polyclinic with the help of structured questionnaire.

Methods:
We interviewed 83 patients with essential hypertension (64.6±9.6 yo; 30% - men) who referred to a polyclinic of a rural settlement in the Saratov region of the Russia. Consecutive patients with hypertension diagnosis specified in their medical records, visiting a therapeutist or cardiologist on one randomly selected workday, were enrolled in our study. The appointment took place during 1-31 July 2015. Eleven district therapeutists, two general practitioners and the only cardiologist of the polyclinic participated in the study. Structured questionnaire for patients with elevated Blood Pressure (BP) proposed by S.N. Gerasimov et al. (2015) was used for interviewing. The questionnaire included 16 questions addressed to the following issues: Awareness of hypertension and risk factors, BP self-monitoring, non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatment, adherence to antihypertensive therapy, referrals to medical care.

Results:
Ninety percent of respondents have known previously about BP elevation. Ninety four percent of patients had a tonometer at home. Eighty four percent of hypertensives measured their BP no rare than once a week, and fifty four percent did it every day. Eighty eight percent of study participants took antihypertensive drugs regularly. Only 36% of patients could be classified as adherent to therapy according to the Morisky-Green scale. Ninety two percent of respondents received one or more advices on lifestyle modification. Eighty two percent underwent diet counseling. Two-third of participants were advised to reduce their weight. About half of hypertensives were asked by the doctor to increase their physical activity. One-third of patients received smoking cessation advice, and the same part of enrollees received advice on alcohol consumption. The majority of patients (62.7%) were interested in organization of special follow-up program.

Conclusion:
With the help of structured questionnaire we revealed high frequency of BP self-measurement among visitors of rural polyclinic in Saratov region whereas the adherence to antihypertensive medication was low. We observed good level of knowledge on non-pharmacologic treatment interventions and revealed patients’ interest in special follow-up program. Such program should be addressed to the increase of patients’ adherence to treatment.
Studi evaluasi pelaksanaan kebijakan sertifikasi guru di Kementerian Agama
Authors: Fuadi Kamal , Sudjanto Bedjo , Kamaluddin Kamaluddin 
Published: December 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi (1) lingkungan strategis implementasi kebijakan, (2) proses implementasi kebijakan, dan (3) hasil implementasi kebijakan sertifikasi guru di Kementerian Agama RI. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan model evaluasi Countenance yang dikembangkan oleh Stake. Lingkungan strategis implementasi kebijakan sertifikasi guru di Kementerian Agama RI cukup mendukung keterlaksanaan dan pencapaian hasil kebijakan namun masih ditemui beberapa kelemahan dan kendala yaitu peserta mengundurkan diri, belum ada rencana induk pengembangan, belum ada evaluasi diri dan penjaminan mutu kelembagaan LPTK. Kementerian Agama RI melakukan proses pengawasan dan evaluasi namun kurang terdokumentasikan sehingga proses tindak lanjut tidak dilaksanakan. Implementasi kebijakan menghasilkan lulusan guru profesional namun terdapat kelemahan dan kendala yang menyebabkan banyaknya peserta yang mengundurkan diri dan tidak lulus. Pada angkatan I seluruh peserta sertifikasi guru lulus. Pada angkatan II dari 947 peserta jumlah yang lulus sebanyak 945 (99,79%) dan yang tidak lulus sebanyak 2 (0,21%).Kata kunci: kebijakan, evaluasi, guru, sertifikasi EVALUATION OF IMPLEMENTATION OF TEACHER CERTIFICATION POLICY IN THE MINISTRY OF RELIGIOUS AFFAIRSAbstractThis study aims to evaluate (1) the strategic environment of the policy implementation; (2) the process of the policy implementation; and (3) the results of the policy implementation of teacher certification on the Ministry of Religious Affairs (MORA). The research method was a qualitative evaluation approach based on a model of evaluation developed by Stake. The strategic environment in the MORA is sufficient to support the implementation and achievement of the policy result although there are still weaknesses and obstacles follows that the participants resign, there is no PPG development master plan, no self-evaluation, and institutional quality assurance. The MORA has conducted a process of monitoring and evaluation although it is not documented so that the follow-up process is not implemented. Implementation of the policy shows the results of graduates of professional teachers despite the weaknesses and obstacles that caused many participants who resigned and did not pass. In the first batch of all teacher, certification participants passed all. In the second batch of 947 participants, the number passed as 945 (99.79%) and who did not pass as much as 2 (0.21%).Keywords: policy, evaluation, teacher, certification
Pemanfaatan metode active debate untuk peningkatan hasil belajar dan karakter kesantunan dalam pembelajaran PKn di SMP
Authors: Cahyaningtyas Dwi , Marzuki Marzuki 
Published: December 2018

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar dan karakter kesantunan dengan memanfaatkan metode Active Debate. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas VIII F SMP Negeri 6 Yogyakarta. Analisis data menggunakan teknik deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan metode Active Debate dalam pembelajaran PKn dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar dan karakter kesantunan peserta didik kelas VIII F SMP Negeri 6 Yogyakarta tahun ajaran 2015-2016. Hal ini terbukti dari kenaikan nilai rata-rata hasil belajar dari 60,64 menjadi 73,79 pada akhir siklus 1 dan menjadi 80,16 setelah siklus 2. Skor kesantunan pada kondisi awal 45,54 menjadi 65,14 pada akhir siklus 1dan menjadi 80,54 setelah siklus 2. Terjadi peningkatan hasil belajar peserta didik dengan rata-rata 13,15 (21,99%) pada akhir siklus 1menjadi 6,37 (8,89%) pada akhir siklus 2 dengan kategori baik, dengan ketuntasan belajar secara klasikal sebesar 87,50%. Terjadi peningkatan sikap kesantunan dalam berpendapat pada siklus 1 dengan rata-rata 19,61 (48,29%) menjadi 15,40 (24,28%). Total peningkatan pada siklus 2 sebesar 35,01 (80,54%) dan skor tersebut telah mencapai kategori baik.Kata kunci: metode active debate, hasil belajar, karakter kesantunan THE USE OF THE ACTIVE DEBATE METHOD TO IMPROVE THE LEARNING OUTCOME AND CHARACTER OF POLITENESS IN THE TEACHING CIVICS EDUCATION IN SMPAbstractThis research was action research which was carried out in two cycles ams to determine of learning outcome and character politeness by utilizing the method of Active Debate. The subjects of this research were VIII F students of SMPN 6 Yogyakarta. The analysis technique used in this research was descriptive qualitative. The result shows that the use of the Active Debate method in teaching Civics Education could improve the learning outcome and the character of politeness of VIII F students of SMPN 6 Yogyakarta in 2015-2016. This was proven by: (1) The increase of the average score of learning outcomes in the initial condition after cycle 1 60.64 to become 73.79 and after cycle 2 to 80.16. The score of politeness character was 45.54 in the initial conditions and after cycle 1 it increased 65.14 and after cycle 2 to 80.54. There is an improvement in the students’ learning outcome with the average score of 13.15 ( 21.9%) in the first cycle and 6.37 ( 8.89%) in the second cycle, which is in a good category with the classical learning mastery of 87.50%. There is an improvement in students’politeness character in expressing opinions with the average score of 19.61( 48.29%) in the first cycle and 15.40 ( 24.28%) in the second cycle. The total improvement in the second cycle is 35.01 (80.54%) which is in a good category.Keywords: Active Debate method, learning outcome, polite character
Faktor determinasi profesionalisme guru
Authors: Syamsuriyanti S. , Sukirno S. 
Published: December 2018

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh (1) kualifikasi pendidikan terhadap profesionalisme guru, (2) sikap inovatif terhadap profesionalisme guru, (3) etos kerja terhadap profesionalisme guru, dan (4) pengaruh kualifikasi pendidikan, sikap inovatif dan etos kerja secara simultan terhadap profesionalisme guru IPS SMP di Kabupaten Gowa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kausal-komparatif yang bersifat ex post facto. Penelitian menggunakan populasi sebesar 119 orang guru IPS. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Teknik analisis data menggunakan regresi linear berganda dengan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) terdapat pengaruh kualifikasi pendidikan terhadap profesionalisme guru, (2) terdapat pengaruh pengaruh sikap inovatif terhadap profesionalisme guru, (3) terdapat pengaruh pengaruh etos kerja terhadap profesionalisme guru, dan (4) terdapat pengaruh pengaruh kualifikasi pendidikan, sikap inovatif dan etos kerja secara simultan terhadap profesionalisme guru IPS SMP di Kabupaten Gowa.Kata kunci: profesionalisme guru, kualifikasi pendidikan, sikap inovatif, etos kerja FACTORS DETERMINATION PROFESSIONALISM OF TEACHERAbstractThe study aimed to know the effect of (1) the educational qualifications of the professionalism of teachers, (2) innovative attitude towards professionalism of teachers, (3) the work ethic in the professionalism of teachers, and (4) the effect of educational qualifications, innovative attitude and work ethic simultaneously in the professionalism of teachers IPS SMP in Gowa. Population on this study was 119 junior high social studies teacher in Gowa. Collected data using questionnaire. Data analysis was using multiple linear regression. The results of this study showed: (1) there were significant educational qualifications in the professionalism of teachers, (2) there were significant influences innovative attitude towards professionalism of teachers, (3) there were significant effect of the work ethic in the professionalism of teachers, and (4) there were significant effect of educational qualifications, innovative attitude and work ethic simultaneously in the professionalism of junior high social studies teacher in Gowa.Keywords: professionalism of teachers, educational qualifications, innovative attitude, work ethic
Pendidikan multi kultural berbasis kearifan lokal (studi di SMA Negeri 1 Narmada)
Authors: Muttaqin Zainul , Wardana Amika 
Published: December 2018

Penulisan artikel ini bagian dari master tesis yang bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bagian dari pendidikan multikultural berbasis kearifan lokal sebagaimana dipraktikan di SMA N 1 Narmada, Lombok Barat, Nusa Tenggara Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitativ. Subyek dalam penelitian ini adalah kepala sekola, guru, siswa dan staf non-akademik lainya yang ada di lingkugan sekolah. hasil penelitian ini menunjukan 4 (empat) temuan utama: (1) imtaq dan kegiatan peduli sosial (wales/bales) sebagai nilai utama dari pendidikan multikultural berbasis kearifan lokal; (2) Alam takambang jari guru as mode pembelajaran; (3) gendang baleq sebagai bagian dari pendidikan multikultural berbasis kearifan lokal bertujuan untuk menanamkan nilai-nilai harmonisasi dalam perbedaan; (4) kultur sekolah sebagai pondasi proses sosialisasi dan internalisasi nilai-nilai multikultural berbasis kearifan lokal.Kata Kunci: pendidikan multikultural, kearifan lokal. MULTICULTURAL EDUCATION BASED ON LOCAL WISDOM (STUDY AT STATE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 1 IN NARMADA)AbstractThe article written as part of master thesis-aimed to investigate the forms of the multicultural education based on local wisdom as it practiced at State Senior High School 1 in Narmada, West Lombok. The study was pursued under the qualitative approach. The subject of the research is Headmaster, teacher, students and other non-academic staffs of the school. The research result 4 (four) main findings: (1) Imtaq and social care activities (wales/bales) as the fundamental values of multicultural education based on the local wisdom; (2) Alam Takambang Jari Guru as learning model; (3) Gendang Beleq as a form of multicultural education based on the local wisdom as an attempt of harmonization of togetherness in difference; (4) school culture is the basic foundation of the socialization and internalization process of multicultural education based on the local wisdom.Keywords: multicultural education, local wisdom,
Perbedaan metode inkuiri model pair checks dengan metode ceramah dalam meningkatan hasil dan motivasi belajar
Authors: Atmaja Subekti Triyana , Mulyani Endang 
Published: December 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan perbedaan efektivitas metode Inkuiri dipadu model Pair Checks dengan metode Ceramah untuk peningkatan hasil belajar dan motivasi belajar siswa pada pembelajaran ekonomi. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif. Subyek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X IPS 2 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan siswa kelas X IPS 4 sebagai kelas control dengan menggunakan metode inkuiri dipadu model Pair Checks, sedangkan kelas kontrol menggunakan metode ceramah. Data diperoleh melalui Pre test dan Post test, serta dari pengisian angket motivasi. Data penelitian ini dianalisa dengan menggunakan uji ANOVA. Hasil penelitian adalah sebagai berikut: metode Inkuiri dipadu model Pair Checks tidak lebih efektif dibanding metode Ceramah untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada pelajaran ekonomi dengan topik Koperasi Indonesia, metode Inkuiri dipadu model Pair Checks tidak lebih efektif dibanding metode Ceramah untuk meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa pada pelajaran ekonomi dengan topik Koperasi Indonesia.Kata kunci: metode inkuiri dipadu model pair checks, hasil belajar, motivasi belajar DIFFERENCES OF THE INQUIRY METHOD WITH PAIR CHECKS WITH LECTURE METHOD IN INCREASING THE LEARNING OUTCOMES AND MOTIVATIONAbstractThe study aims to reveal the difference in the efectiveness of the Inquiry method combined with Pair Checks with lecture method in increasing student’s learning outcomes and student’s economics learning motivation. The research approach was quantitative. The subjects were grade X 2 IPS as experimental class and grade X IPS 4 as the control class. The control class was taught using the inquiry method combined with Pair Checks mode, while the experimental class was taught using the lecture method. The data were obtained through the pretest and posttest, as well as a motivation questionnaire. The research data were analyzed by using the ANOVA test. The research results are as follows: the Inquiry method combined with Pair Checks mode is not more effective than the Lecture method in improving student's learning outcomes in economics on Koperasi Indonesia topic, the Inquiry method combined with Pair Checks mode is not more effective than the Lecture method in increasing the motivation of students in learning economics in Koperasi Indonesia topic.Keywords: inquiry combined pair checks model, the results of study, the motivation of learning
Noncommunicable Disease Emergencies During Arbaeenia Mass Gathering at Public Hospitals in Karbala, Najaf, and Babel Governorates, Iraq, 2014: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Lami Faris , Jewad Abdul Wahhab , Hassan Abulameer , Kadhim Hadeel , Alharis Sura 
Published: December 2018

Background
Arbaeenia is the largest religious mass gathering (MG) in Iraq where millions of people from Iraq and many other countries visit Karbala city, south Iraq. MGs are associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality from different noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and asthma. There is a scarcity of publications that address MGs in Iraq.

Objective
This study aimed to explore the NCD emergencies in public hospitals in Karbala, Najaf, and Babel governorates in Iraq, during the Arbaeenia MG and assess predisposing factors for NCD emergencies.

Methods
The study was conducted from November 27 to December 16, 2014. Data were collected in the pre-event and during MG event from 7 selected hospitals. The pre-event data were collected from emergency room (ER) registers and logbooks, and the data on the MG event were collected daily through direct interview with patients and treating physicians using a structured questionnaire.

Results
In total, 4425 NCD emergencies were recorded. Of these, 80.13% (3546/4425) were collected during the MG event. The NCD emergencies attended at ER hospitals during MG were severe hypertension (HT), diabetes (hyperglycemia), ischemic heart disease (IHD), asthma, and pulmonary edema. The load of NCD emergencies and the daily average emergencies increased 4-fold and 2-fold during the MG event, respectively. Most of the NCD emergencies were treated at ER departments, and a few were hospitalized. Intense physical activities and poor adherence to diet and medication were risk factors for IHD, severe HT, and hyperglycemic diabetes emergencies. Exposure to noxious gases or fumes and recent respiratory infections were risk factors for asthma emergencies.

Conclusions
As the pilgrims approached Karbala city during the Arbaeenia MG, the hospitals on the roads leading to the city experienced an increased load of patients because of different NCD emergencies. Although hospitals should be equipped with the necessary supplies, health education for pilgrims is mandatory, particularly on the factors that can exacerbate their diseases.
APLIKASI PENGOLAHAN DATA GURU MDTA/TPSA SERTA GHARIM DAN IMAM MESJID SECARA ONLINE UNTUK DANA BANTUAN TAHUNAN
Authors: Handayani Reti 
Published: December 2018

Dana bantuan tahunan untuk para guru MDTA/TPSA serta gharim dan imam mesjid merupakan program tahunan yang dianggarkan dalam Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah (APBD) pemerintah daerah. Dana ini bisa diperoleh dengan ketentuan masa tugas masing-masing lebih dari satu tahun dan tidak boleh rangkap jabatan yang dibuktikan dengan surat keterangan aktif dari walinagari setempat, kenyataan nya selama ini untuk perekapan data guru MDTA/TPSA serta Gharim dan Imam masjid masih membutuhkan proses waktu yang lama dan pemberian bantuan tersebut ada yang rangkap jabatan dengan kurang pemeriksaan terhadap data yang telah dikumpulkan. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut, perlu dibangun sebuah aplikasi pengolahan data guru MDTA/TPSA, gharim dan iman mesjid secara online, dengan metode metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Metode Penelitian dan Pengembangan (Research and Development/R&amp;D yang nanti nya terintegrasi mulai dari calon penerima bantuan dana tahunan sendiri, pihak kecamatan, sampai ke Bagian Kesra. Agar data-data guru MDTA/TPSA dan Gharim, Imam Mesjid terorganisir dengan baik dan dapat menampung semua data guru MDTA/TPSA dan Gharim, Imam mesjid. Sehingga data yang telah diinputkan tersebut valid dan tidak terjadi redudancy data, agar pemberian bantuan tepat sasaran, dan mudah dalam perekapan dan pembuatan laporan sebagai bentuk pertanggungjawaban dana bantuan tahunan.