bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermoforming of Fiber–Plastic Composites: Mechanical Tests and Simulations
Authors: Guzman‐Maldonado E. , Hamila N. , Wang P. , Boisse P. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Thermoplastic resins have some advantages in terms of recycling and speed of manufacture. In particular, the thermostamping process leads to short cost‐efficient manufacturing cycles. Consequently, various industrial sectors—especially the automotive industry—have shown growing interest for composite materials made of continuous fiber and thermoplastic matrix and also in their manufacturing processes. Thermoforming of composites is a complex process, conditioned by a number of important phenomena and parameters. For instance, a defect‐free process depends on the temperature conditions, material properties, plies orientation, speed of the process, loads on the tools, and on the blank holders, and so on. Therefore, the development of a good quality composite thermoforming process can be difficult. Numerical simulation of the thermoforming process can provide an initial validation of the process and a determination of suitable parameters. This avoids the time‐consuming “trial and error” process development stage. The objective of this article is to present the elements necessary for the modeling and simulation of the thermoforming process of composites with continuous fibers and thermoplastic matrix. The article also presents the mechanical tests necessary to determine the characteristics of prepregs during thermoforming: the bias‐extension test (in‐plane shear) and the cantilever‐bending test.
Flexible Stable Solid‐State Al‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yu Zhijing , Jiao Shuqiang , Li Shijie , Chen Xiaodong , Song Wei‐Li , Teng Teng , Tu Jiguo , Chen Hao‐Sen , Zhang Guohua , Fang Dai‐Ning 
Published: November 2018

AbstractRechargeable aluminum‐ion batteries (AIBs) are regarded as promising candidates for post‐lithium energy storage systems (ESSs). For addressing the critical issues in the current liquid AIB systems, here a flexible solid‐state AIB is established using a gel‐polymer electrolyte for achieving robust electrode–electrolyte interfaces. Different from utilization of solid‐state systems for alleviating the safety issues and enhancing energy density in lithium‐ion batteries, employment of polymeric electrolytes mainly focuses on addressing the essential problems in the liquid AIBs, including unstable internal interfaces induced by mechanical deformation and production of gases as well as unfavorable separators. Particularly, such gel electrolyte enables the solid‐state AIBs to present an ultra‐fast charge capability within 10 s at current density of 600 mA g−1. Meanwhile, an impressive specific capacity ≈120 mA h g−1 is obtained at current density of 60 mA g−1, approaching the theoretical limit of graphite‐based AIBs. In addition to the well‐retained electrochemical performance below the ice point, the solid‐state AIBs also hold great stability and safety under various critical conditions. The results suggest that such new prototype of solid‐state AIBs with robust electrode–electrolyte interfaces promises a novel strategy for fabricating stable and safe flexible ESSs.
Visible Light‐Induced Salan‐Copper(II)‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Aerobic α‐Hydroxylation of β‐Keto Esters
Authors: Yang Fan , Zhao Jingnan , Tang Xiaofei , Wu Yufeng , Yu Zongyi , Meng Qingwei 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA strategy of visible light‐induced salan‐copper(II)‐catalyzed asymmetric α‐hydroxylation of β‐keto ester with utilization of sustainable air as the oxidant was developed. This protocol allows convenient access to a number of enantioenriched α‐hydroxyl β‐keto esters (up to 95% yield, 96% ee), especially for β‐keto methyl esters that are valuable architectures in pharmaceuticals, including the key intermediate of the sodium‐channel blocker (S)‐indoxacarb. Experimental studies suggest that reactive singlet oxygen may participate in this reaction.magnified image
Three‐Dimensional Osteosarcoma Models for Advancing Drug Discovery and Development
Authors: Monteiro Cátia F. , Custódio Catarina A. , Mano João F. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractOsteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant tumor of bone that mainly affects children and adolescents. The currently available therapies are not effective and the search for new OS anticancer drugs is extremely urgent. Understanding the mechanisms that underlie the tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis is an essential step toward effective cancer therapies. Tissue engineering has given a great contribution to the development of reliable and cost‐effective platforms for drug screening and validation through 3D in vitro models that more faithfully mimic the in vivo pathophysiology than conventional 2D models. The progress in the field of functional and biomimetic biomaterials in the development of 3D tissue models has provided tools for a close recapitulation of the highly complex and dynamic tumor microenvironment. This review focuses on the most recent advances in 3D in vitro osteosarcoma models, highlighting the crucial role of the extracellular matrix and stromal cells in tumor progression, how they contribute to drug resistance and disease prevalence, and the future pathways toward an effective and personalized model for drug screening and validation.
Nano zinc ferrite filler incorporated polyindole/poly(vinyl alcohol) blend: Preparation, characterization, and investigation of electrical properties
Authors: Ramesan M. T. , Anjitha T. , Parvathi K. , Anilkumar T. , Mathew G. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe present work deals with the reinforcement and the resulting property enhancement of polyindole (PIN)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) blend using zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) nanoparticles. The polymer blend nanocomposite samples have been prepared using a simple in situ polymerization method. The structural changes in the polymer blend resulting from its interaction with ZnFe2O4 have been identified by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) studies. The FTIR spectra of blend nanocomposite showed the presence of ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles at 580 cm−1. The chemical interactions between the polymer and ZnFe2O4 have been confirmed by the shift in the position of FTIR peaks. The XRD results indicate the increase in the crystalline nature of the polymer blend with the incorporation of ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles into the blend. Scanning electron microscopy photographs of the nanocomposites show the dispersion of nanoparticles in PIN/PVA blend, while transmission electron microscopy images reveal the presence of spherically shaped nanoparticles in the polymer blend with an average size of 15 nm. The glass transition temperature of polymer blend composite has been shifted to a higher value, and thermal stability of the polymer blend improved with the addition of ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles. The incorporation of ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles in the PIN/PVA blend matrix leads to a significant improvement in overall mechanical properties, AC and DC conductivity. The dielectric properties are found to be higher for ZnFe2O4‐reinforced blend systems than the pure blend system due to polarization exerted by the incorporation of nanoparticles.
The power of tumor sizes in predicting the survival of solitary hepatocellular carcinoma patients
Authors: Yang Anli , Xiao Weikai , Chen Dong , Wei Xiaoli , Huang Shanzhou , Lin Ye , Zhang Chuanzhao , Lin Jianwei , Deng Feiwen , Wu Chenglin , He Xiaoshun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundVascular invasion, rather than tumor size, was applied into the 7th edition of the AJCC TNM staging system to predict survival of solitary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. However, does this mean tumor size is of little value in prognostic prediction? The current study was designed to explore the prognostic ability of tumor sizes in solitary HCC.MethodsA total of 18 591 patients with solitary HCC categorized as T1 and T2 were retrieved from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was adopted to evaluate the impact of tumor sizes on overall survival (OS) and disease‐specific survival (DSS) in general and in subgroups stratified by vascular invasion and surgery type.ResultsLarge tumor sizes (>39 mm) were associated with unfavorable clinicopathologic characteristics. Compared with tumors ≤30 mm, tumors between 31‐50 mm and tumors >50 mm showed significantly worse OS and DSS in general using multivariate analysis (all P < 0.001). In subgroup analyses, for patients without vascular invasion, tumor size was a notable prognostic indicator for OS in the radiofrequency ablation group (P < 0.001), rather than in the liver resection or transplantation group. Nevertheless, for patients with vascular invasion, tumor sizes exhibited a notable impact on OS in the liver resection and transplantation group.ConclusionsThe AJCC TNM staging system for solitary HCC would be more comprehensive if tumor sizes were integrated into the T2 classification. Additionally, for T1 patients, tumor sizes play no role in the choice between resection and transplantation.
Reversible Intercalation of 1‐Ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium Cations into MoS2 from a Pure Ionic Liquid Electrolyte for Dual‐Ion Cells
Authors: Fan Jiaxin , Xiao Qiangqiang , Fang Yaobing , Li Li , Feng Wanyi , Yuan Wenhui 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHerein, we present a novel dual‐ion cell with a molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) anode, a graphite cathode, and a pure 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (EMImTFSI) electrolyte. During charging, the EMIm+ cations intercalate into the anode‘s MoS2 interlayers and the TFSI− anions synchronously penetrate into the cathode‘s graphite lattice. During discharging, both the cations and anions deintercalate from the electrodes. The reversible intercalation of EMIm+ into MoS2 is systematically evaluated by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic cycling, XRD, Raman, and SEM tests. The results reveal that within 0.5–3.6 V and at 0.5 C, the batteries present a high medium discharge plateau of ∼2.5 V, a decent discharge capacity of 77.0 mAh g−1, and a good energy density of 175.6 Wh kg−1; at 4 C, the cells exhibit a superior cyclability with 84.3 % capacity retention for 300 cycles and a high Coulombic efficiency of 96.1 %. Electrode characterizations indicate that both the MoS2 anode and the graphite cathode display a high stability over a long‐term cycling process. This novel cell configuration opens a new avenue to further develop promising rechargeable dual‐ion energy storage systems.
Selective Encapsulation and Separation of Dihalobenzene Isomers with Discrete Heterometallic Macrocages
Authors: Zhang Hai‐Ning , Lu Ye , Gao Wen‐Xi , Lin Yue‐Jian , Jin Guo‐Xin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA series of metallosupramolecular architectures have been prepared, including rectangles, prisms and cages, that feature half‐sandwich rhodium(III) fragments at the vertices. Remarkably, a stable cage‐like heteropolymetallic complex possessing eight rhodium(III) and two silver(I) metal ions (3) has been obtained following a multistep procedure. The RhIII/AgI mixed macrocage enables the separation of dihalogenated benzene derivatives with high selectivity. Furthermore, a detailed X‐ray crystallographic study confirmed that the discriminative encapsulation of para‐dihalobenzene (dichlorobenzene, dibromobenzene and diiodobenzene) is favored by Ag‐π interactions and steric effects.
Hydrodynamics of bubbling fluidized bed for adsorption of CO2 with KOH/K2CO3
Authors: Samani Pedram , Sotudeh Gharebagh Rahmat , Zarghami Reza 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study is to assess the performance of carbon dioxide (CO2) capture in a bubbling fluidized bed using a proper adsorbent. A mixture of potassium hydroxide (KOH) and potassium carbonate (K2CO3) adsorbents was used as bed materials, which provide proper kinetic and fluidization behaviours. The adsorbents consisted of two different mean particle sizes: size 1 is composed of K2CO3 with mean particle size of 335 μm and KOH with mean particle size of 197 μm; whereas, size 2 contained the K2CO3 with mean particle size of 605 μm and KOH with mean particle size of 197 μm. The weight fraction of KOH in both sizes was 0.3 g/g (30 mass%). The pressure fluctuations of the bed were measured and characterized in a time domain. The effects of several hydrodynamic parameters (i.e., superficial gas velocity, aspect ratio of bed, and particle size distribution of the adsorbent mixture) on CO2 adsorption were investigated. The results showed that the larger bubbles caused an improvement in solid mixing in the bed and consequently enhanced the CO2 capture capacity. Fluidization of the adsorbents mixture with narrower distribution (size 1) led to the formation of larger bubbles and an improvement of mixing in the bed. Therefore, size 1 adsorbent exhibited a higher CO2 capture capacity compared to a wider distribution of (size 2) adsorbent. Furthermore, the bubble size is increased with an increase in the aspect ratio of the bed leading to a better mixing in the bed.
Reusable Superparamagnetic Raspberry‐Like Supraparticle Adsorbers as Instant Cleaning Agents for Ultrafast Dye Removal from Water
Authors: Oppmann Maximilian , Wozar Moritz , Reichstein Jakob , Mandel Karl 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHerein, a particle system of so‐called raspberry‐like supraparticles, capable of dye removal from water within a few seconds, is presented. These particles are micron sized and assembled of smaller silica nanoparticles as adsorber and iron oxide nanoparticles which act, due to their superparamagnetic properties, as switchable magnets. With this particle design, it is possible to tailor the adsorber structure and adjust the magnetic properties. Using very small silica nanoparticles (10 nm) combined with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (10 nm) to build the supraparticles resulted in a system which could clarify a deeply methylene blue dye colored water within 60 seconds via dye adsorption on the particles and their subsequent magnetic separation. A comparison with assembled supraparticles from larger primary nanoparticles revealed the role of the primary nanoparticles to create a porous particle structure which comes with an apparent capillary effect to take up the dye. The system could be regenerated either thermally or by acid treatment and reused consecutively as magnetically recoverable adsorber. Due to the building block principle of the system, modification towards other adsorption tasks should be easily possible. This therefore turns such particle systems into an ideal platform to build tailored adsorbers.
Efficient DNA Condensation by a C3‐Symmetric Codeine Scaffold
Authors: McStay Natasha , Reilly Anthony M. , Gathergood Nicholas , Kellett Andrew 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA novel tripodal codeine scaffold (CC3) was rationally designed using computational methods as a DNA condensing alkaloid. Separation of the piperidine nitrogen atoms in CC3 is considerably larger at 14.36 Å than previously reported tripodal opioids allowing for enhanced aggregation of larger DNA plasmids (>4,000 bp). The scaffold undergoes protonation at physiological pH that allows for controlled compaction and release of nucleic acids. Condensation is inhibited under basic conditions and nucleic acid release can be achieved by modulating the ionic strength. Zeta potential experiments indicate stabilised DNA particles at low alkaloid loading with AFM measurements showing particles sizes with a height of 103 nm and diameter of 350 nm. Since condensation is a prerequisite for the cellular uptake of DNA, this new class of alkaloid represents a novel nucleic acid condensation agent with potential gene therapy applications.
Use of auto‐germ to model germination timing in the sagebrush‐steppe
Authors: Richardson William C. , Whitaker Dallin R. , Sant Kyler P. , Barney Nicholas S. , Call Ryan S. , Roundy Bruce A. , Aanderud Zachary T. , Madsen Matthew D. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractGermination timing has a strong influence on direct seeding efforts, and therefore is a closely tracked demographic stage in a wide variety of wildland and agricultural settings. Predictive seed germination models, based on soil moisture and temperature data in the seed zone are an efficient method of estimating germination timing. We utilized Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) to create Auto‐Germ, which is an Excel workbook that allows a user to estimate field germination timing based on wet‐thermal accumulation models and field temperature and soil moisture data. To demonstrate the capabilities of Auto‐Germ, we calculated various germination indices and modeled germination timing for 11 different species, across 6 years, and 10 Artemisia‐steppe sites in the Great Basin of North America to identify the planting date required for 50% or more of the simulated population to germinate in spring (1 March or later), which is when conditions are predicted to be more conducive for plant establishment. Both between and within the species, germination models indicated that there was high temporal and spatial variability in the planting date required for spring germination to occur. However, some general trends were identified, with species falling roughly into three categories, where seeds could be planted on average in either fall (Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis and Leymus cinereus), early winter (Festuca idahoensis, Poa secunda, Elymus lanceolatus, Elymus elymoides, and Linum lewisii), or mid‐winter (Achillea millefolium, Elymus wawawaiensis, and Pseudoroegneria spicata) and still not run the risk of germination during winter. These predictions made through Auto‐Germ demonstrate that fall may not be an optimal time period for sowing seeds for most non‐dormant species if the desired goal is to have seeds germinate in spring.
Genetic patterns in peripheral marine populations of the fusilier fish Caesio cuning within the Kuroshio Current
Authors: Ackiss Amanda S. , Bird Christopher E. , Akita Yuichi , Santos Mudjekeewis D. , Tachihara Katsunori , Carpenter Kent E. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimMayr's central‐peripheral population model (CCPM) describes the marked differences between central and peripheral populations in genetic diversity, gene flow, and census size. When isolation leads to genetic divergence, these peripheral populations have high evolutionary value and can influence biogeographic patterns. In tropical marine species with pelagic larvae, powerful western‐boundary currents have great potential to shape the genetic characteristics of peripheral populations at latitudinal extremes. We tested for the genetic patterns expected by the CCPM in peripheral populations that are located within the Kuroshio Current for the Indo‐Pacific reef fish, Caesio cuning.MethodsWe used a panel of 2,677 SNPs generated from restriction site‐associated DNA (RAD) sequencing to investigate genetic diversity, relatedness, effective population size, and spatial patterns of population connectivity from central to peripheral populations of C. cuning along the Kuroshio Current.ResultsPrincipal component and cluster analyses indicated a genetically distinct lineage at the periphery of the C. cuning species range and examination of SNPs putatively under divergent selection suggested potential for local adaptation in this region. We found signatures of isolation‐by‐distance and significant genetic differences between nearly all sites. Sites closest to the periphery exhibited increased within‐population relatedness and decreased effective population size.Main ConclusionsDespite the potential for homogenizing gene flow along the Kuroshio Current, peripheral populations in C. cuning conform to the predictions of the CCPM. While oceanography, habitat availability, and dispersal ability are all likely to shape the patterns found in C. cuning across this central‐peripheral junction, the impacts of genetic drift and natural selection in increasing smaller peripheral populations appear to be probable influences on the lineage divergence found in the Ryukyu Islands.
Allocation of forest net primary production varies by forest age and air temperature
Authors: Song Xiang , Zeng Xiaodong , Tian Dongxiao 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCarbon partition among plant parts has a vital influence not only on the growth of individual plants but also on decomposition, carbon and nitrogen sequestration, and plant–atmosphere water exchange. Although many studies have tried to reveal plant growth mechanisms using observational living biomass or the biomass ratio among different organs, knowledge and understanding about carbon partition is still scarce and exists much uncertainty. In this work, a dataset about 1,089 sample plots of natural forests downloaded from the Chinese Ecosystem Research Network (CERN) was used to explore the dependences of net primary production (NPP) partition among foliage, stem and branch, and root on forest age, and mean annual temperature (MAT). The results found that (a) for all forest types, NPP partition had a significant relationship with forest age (p < 0.0001), that is, younger plants usually allocated a higher proportion of the NPP to stems, branches, and roots. As plants aged, an increasing proportion of the NPP was allocated to foliage; (b) MAT was negatively correlated with the proportions of the NPP allocated to foliage (Fleaf; %) and roots (Froot; %), while proportions of the NPP allocated to stems and branches (Fstbr; %) were positively dependent on MAT; (c) independent effect analysis demonstrated that forest age had a larger direct influence on Fleaf and Froot, while MAT was relatively important for Fstbr; and (d) forest age and MAT had a stronger combined effect on NPP allocation for broad‐leaved forests, while for needled‐leaved forests, the influences of forest age and MAT existed large differences among different forest types. This work not only is important for understanding the contribution of climatic factor and forest age on forest NPP partition, but also provides valuable ideas for developing ecological models.
An integrated geoarchaeological methodology to reveal site formation processes linked to building practices and pyrotechnology at Middle Neolithic Imvrou Pigadi, Greece
Authors: Roussos Dimitrios N. , Kyparissi‐Apostolika Nina 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe Middle Neolithic tell of Imvrou Pigadi (~6920–6570 cal. years before present) belongs to a cluster of sites at the southern edge of the Plain of Thessaly, Greece. Following a specifically tailored geoarchaeological methodology comprising micromorphology coupled with Fourier‐transformed infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray fluorescence, and particle size analyses, we were able to reveal site formation processes linked with the construction of floors/occupational surfaces and successfully clarify a rather complicated archaeological stratigraphy. Moreover we present early evidence for specialized ceramic production contained in red, burnt strata rich in remnants of constructed combustion features and in situ pottery. The exclusion of a deliberate or accidental domestic fire as the cause of combustion, coupled with evidence of high firing temperatures of 600–700°C further supports a specialized ceramics workshop function of the site. The successful implementation here of an integrated analytical methodology enabled us to reveal the archaeological potential of Imvrou Pigadi and can be used to address similar archaeological questions at other Neolithic sites.