bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with security/cybersecurity audit by internal audit function
Authors: Islam Md. Shariful , Farah Nusrat , Stafford Thomas F. 
Published: April 2018

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to explore the factors associated with the extent of security/cybersecurity audit by the internal audit function (IAF) of the firm. Specifically, the authors focused on whether IAF/CAE (certified audit executive [CAE]) characteristics, board involvement related to governance, role of the audit committee (or equivalent) and the chief risk officer (CRO) and IAF tasked with enterprise risk management (ERM) are associated with the extent to which the firm engages in security/cybersecurity audit.Design/methodology/approachFor analysis, the paper uses responses of 970 CAEs as compiled in the Common Body of Knowledge database (CBOK, 2015) developed by the Institute of Internal Auditors Research Foundation (IIARF).FindingsThe results of the study suggest that the extent of security/cybersecurity audit by IAF is significantly and positively associated with IAF competence related to governance, risk and control. Board support regarding governance is also significant and positive. However, the Audit Committee (AC) or equivalent and the CRO role are not significant across the regions studied. Comprehensive risk assessment done by IAF and IAF quality have a significant and positive effect on security/cybersecurity audit. Unexpectedly, CAEs with security certification and IAFs tasked with ERM do not have a significant effect on security/cybersecurity audit; however, other certifications such as CISA or CPA have a marginal or mixed effect on the extent of security/cybersecurity audit.Originality/valueThis study is the first to describe IAF involvement in security/cybersecurity audit. It provides insights into the specific IAF/CAE characteristics and corporate governance characteristics that can lead IAF to contribute significantly to security/cybersecurity audit. The findings add to the results of prior studies on the IAF involvement in different IT-related aspects such as IT audit and XBRL implementation and on the role of the board and the audit committee (or its equivalent) in ERM and the detection and correction of security breaches.
Common weights in dynamic network DEA with goal programming approach for performance assessment of insurance companies in Iran
Authors: Gharakhani Davood , Toloie Eshlaghy Abbas , Fathi Hafshejani Kiamars , Kiani Mavi Reza , Hosseinzadeh Lotfi Farhad 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
Conventional data envelopment analysis (DEA) models permit each decision-making unit (DMU) to assess its efficiency score with the most favorable weights. In other words, each DMU selects the best weighting schemes to obtain maximum efficiency for itself. Therefore, using different sets of weights leads to many different efficient DMUs, which makes comparing and ranking them on a similar basis impossible. Another issue is that often more than one DMU is evaluated as efficient because the selection of weights is flexible; therefore, all DMUs cannot be completely differentiated. The purpose of this paper is to development a common weight in dynamic network DEA with a goal programming approach.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, a goal programming approach has been proposed to generate common weights in dynamic network DEA. To validate the applicability of the proposed model, the data of 30 non-life insurance companies in Iran during 2013-2015 have been used for measuring their efficiency scores and ranking all of the companies.

Findings
Findings show that the proposed methodology is an effective and practical approach to measure the efficiency of DMUs with dynamic network structure.

Originality/value
The proposed model delivers more knowledge of the common weight approaches and improves the DEA theory and methodology. This model makes it possible to measure efficiency scores and compare all DMUs from multiple different standpoints. Further, this model allows one to not only calculate the overall efficiency of DMUs throughout the time period but also consider dynamic change of the time period efficiency and dynamic change of the divisional efficiency of DMUs.
Mobile phones as a learning tool: a lecturer’s viewpoint
Authors: Ahmad Tashfeen 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to share a lecturer’s viewpoint on using mobile phone, as an academic tool, in the lecture room.

Design/methodology/approach
Students were encouraged to use their mobile phones and find information during the author’s class discussions, at the University of the West Indies – Mona Campus. At the end of the semester, the author asked the students if they found mobile phone, a distraction, in their learning process and did they enjoy using them. These questions were asked to understand their perspective, about mobile phone usage during class discussions.

Findings
The finding is that respondents did not see mobile phone usage in lecture room as a distraction as they learn and they also enjoyed using them.

Originality/value
Students’ opinion on using mobile phone as an academic tool at the University level has not been explored before in Jamaica. This viewpoint provides the lecturers and university management an opportunity to rethink the existing rules, towards mobile phone usage in class, in an effort to enhance teaching and learning in the Caribbean context particularly in Jamaica.
The learning organization as paradox
Authors: Vince Russ 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to describe and discuss the idea of the learning organisation as a paradox and to explore the implications of this idea for improving the longevity and influence of the learning organisation concept.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper presents qualitative data drawn from MBA students’ involvement in learning about leadership. Participants’ written reflections on the “Temporary Learning Organisation (TLO) Exercise” are used to illustrate paradoxical tensions emerging from their attempts to lead the emergence of a learning organisation.

Findings
Three inter-connected paradoxical tensions are identified: inhibited freedom, detached engagement and ambivalent enthusiasm. These can help to explain how processes and practices that encourage learning in organisations are inseparable from those that undermine the effort to learn.

Originality/value
The paper presents a novel way of looking at the debate between the learning organisation as a positive ideal, and the learning organisation as negative ideology. A paradox viewpoint is focused on sustaining tensions because they generate possibilities. There is much to be learned from the interplay between the desire to create ongoing learning opportunities and conscious and unconscious efforts to avoid and undermine them.
A systemic approach to processes of power in learning organizations
Authors: Flood Robert L. , Romm Norma R.A. 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
The purpose of the paper is to introduce a systemic approach to organizational learning “triple loop learning” (TLL) that addresses processes of power. Three equally important foci in our TLL are processes of design, processes of debate and processes of power. The focus on power aims to shift “power over” (power as domination) to “power to” enact empowering designs, “power to” co-develop responsible decision-making and “power to” transform our relations with each other and with life on Earth.

Design/methodology/approach
The organizational learning literature is reviewed in the context of power dynamics and its shortcomings are highlighted. The authors introduce their understanding of TLL, and how it engages with power dynamics in organizations.

Findings
Peter Senge’s conceptualization of systems thinking is unable to recognize processes of power in organizations and offers limited support to transformative learning. Conceptualizations of TLL aim to enhance learning in organizations but none satisfactorily address the processes of power. The learning organization literature as a whole does not satisfactorily address processes of power or reflect our way of envisaging “looping between loops of learning” in TLL to better design, better debate and better develop relationality in the social fabric of organizations.

Originality/value
The authors introduce an original approach to TLL that directly addresses the processes of power in organizations. It offers researchers, learning facilitators and practitioners of the learning organization a way to engage with the processes of power without neglecting other important organizational and environmental issues.
Work disability in Argentinian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus is prevalent and it is due to ethnic, socioeconomic and disease‐related factors
Authors: Pisoni Cecilia N. , Muñoz Sebastián A. , Tamborenea María N. , García Mercedes , Curti Ana , Cappuccio Ana , Rillo Oscar , Imamura Patricia M , Schneeberger Emilce , Ballent Marcela , Cousseau Mario L. , Velasco Zamora Jorge , Saurit Verónica , Toloza Sergio , Danielsen María C , Bellomio Verónica I , Graf Cesar , Paira Sergio , Cavallasca Javier , Pons Estel Bernardo , Moreno José L. C. , Díaz Mónica , Alba Paula , Verando Marcela , Tate Guillermo , Mysler Eduardo , Sarano Judith , Civit Emma E. , Risueño Fabián , Álvarez Sepúlveda Pablo , Larroude María S. , Méndez Marcos F. , Conforti Andrea , Sohn Débora 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo study the prevalence and the associated factors of work disability (WD) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients.MethodsA sample of 419 SLE patients from an observational cross‐sectional multicenter study was included. Sociodemographic features, disease characteristics, comorbidities, quality of life, unhealthy behaviors, and work‐related factors were measured in a standardized interview. Work disability was defined by patient self‐report of not being able to work because of SLE. To identify variables associated with work disability, two different multivariate regression models using a stepwise backward method were performed.ResultsPrevalence of WD due to SLE was 24.3%. Eighty‐nine percent were female and 51% were Caucasians. Mean disease duration was 8.9 ± 7.2 years, and median System Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology damage index SLICC‐SDI was 1.5 (range 0–17). In stepwise multivariate logistic regression, living below the poverty line (odds ratio [OR] = 4.65), less than 12 years of education (OR = 2.84), Mestizo ethnicity (OR = 1.94) and SLICC‐SDI (OR = 1.25) were predictors of WD. A second model was performed including patient‐derived measures; in this model sedentary lifestyle (OR = 2.69) and lower emotional health domain score of the Lupus Quality of Life (LupusQoL) questionnaire (OR = 1.03) were found to be associated to WD and a higher score in LupusQoL physical health domain (OR = 0.93) was protective.ConclusionThe prevalence of WD in Argentinian SLE patients was 24.3%. WD was associated with ethnic (Mestizo), socioeconomic (poverty) and disease‐related factors. Patient‐related outcomes such us sedentary lifestyle and poor emotional quality of life were also associated with WD.
Metabolic syndrome in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: Association with disease activity, disease damage and age
Authors: Mobini Maryam , Niksolat Fatemeh , Mohammadpour Reza Ali , Dashti Dargahloo Saeed , Marzban Dorsa 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular involvement. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) includes a group of classic cardiovascular risk factors with probably proinflammatory conditions. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the frequency of MetS in SLE patients.MethodsDemographic, clinical and laboratory features of 73 SLE patients were compared with 73 age–sex matched controls using SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI), Systemic Lupus Damage Index (SDI) and Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ). MetS was diagnosed according to the definitions of the 2005 National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP/ATP III) and International Diabetes Federation (IDF). The frequency of MetS was compared in SLE patients and controls, and then patients were investigated for MetS and major organ involvement. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS version 19, and results were considered significant at P < 0.05.ResultsThe mean age of SLE patients was 40.97 ± 12.2 years, and 95.8% were female. MetS according to NCEP/ATP III and IDF criteria was present in 33 (45.2%) and 34 (46.6%) SLE patients versus 27 (37%) and 29 (39.7%) controls (P > 0.05). Lupus patients were more likely to have hypertension (P = 0.038). SLE patients with MetS had higher HAQ scores (P = 0.029). In patients with major organ involvement, age and disease duration were significantly higher in the MetS subgroup (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe frequency of MetS was not significantly different from that of the control group, but almost half of the patients were found with this syndrome. This calls for further follow up and appropriate treatment of patients with MetS.
Life history and reproduction of the neotropical caecilian Siphonops annulatus (Amphibia, Gymnophiona, Siphonopidae), with special emphasis on parental care
Authors: Jared Carlos , Mailho‐Fontana Pedro Luiz , Jared Simone G. S. , Kupfer Alexander , Delabie Jacques Hubert Charles , Wilkinson Mark , Antoniazzi Marta Maria 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDue to their mainly fossorial way of life, caecilian amphibians are the least known order of terrestrial vertebrates. Here, we present new observations on the natural history and reproductive biology of the neotropical oviparous, siphonopid caecilian Siphonops annulatus from a long‐term study of this species in the field and in captivity. In the studied population, mating occurs between the end of August and beginning of October, and oviposition between November and December, when rainfall peaks. Egg hatching occurs between the end of December and beginning of January. The complete cycle of maternal care, from oviposition to independent, self‐sufficient offspring lasts about 3 months. After eclosion, the altricial young feed on the mother's specially modified skin (maternal dermatophagy) and are also supplied by a fluid released from coming from the maternal cloaca. Also presented are observations on the burrows, feeding and social behaviour of S. annulatus.
In vitro evaluation of 225Ac‐DOTA‐substance P for targeted alpha therapy of glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Majkowska‐Pilip Agnieszka , Rius Maria , Bruchertseifer Frank , Apostolidis Christos , Weis Mirjam , Bonelli Milton , Laurenza Marta , Królicki Leszek , Morgenstern Alfred 
Published: April 2018

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant form of brain tumors with dismal prognosis despite treatment by surgery combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The neuropeptide Substance P (SP) is the physiological ligand of the neurokinin‐1 receptor, which is highly expressed in glioblastoma cells. Thus, SP represents a potential ligand for targeted alpha therapy. In this study, a protocol for the synthesis of SP labeled with the alpha emitter 225Ac was developed and binding affinity properties were determined. The effects of 225Ac‐DOTA‐SP were investigated on human glioblastoma cell lines (T98G, U87MG, U138MG) as well as GBM stem cells. A significant dose‐dependent reduction in cell viability was detected up to 6 days after treatment. Also, colony‐forming capacity was inhibited at the lower doses tested. In comparison, treatment with the conventional agent temozolomide showed higher cell viability and colony‐forming capacity. 225Ac‐DOTA‐SP treatment caused induction of late apoptosis pathways. Cells were arrested to G2/M‐phase upon treatment. Increasing doses and treatment time caused additional S‐phase arrest. Similar results were obtained using human glioblastoma stem cells, known to show radioresistance. Our data suggest that 225Ac‐DOTA‐SP is a promising compound for treatment of GBM.
Climate versus weather extremes: Temporal predictor resolution matters for future rather than current regional species distribution models
Authors: Feldmeier Stephan , Schefczyk Lukas , Hochkirch Axel , Lötters Stefan , Pfeifer Manfred A. , Heinemann Günther , Veith Michael 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimClimate is considered a major driver of species distributions. Long‐term climatic means are commonly used as predictors in correlative species distribution models (SDMs). However, this coarse temporal resolution does not reflect local conditions that populations experience, such as short‐term weather extremes, which may have a strong impact on population dynamics and local distributions. We here compare the performance of climate‐ and weather‐based predictors in regional SDMs and their influence on future predictions, which are increasingly used in conservation planning.LocationSouth‐western Germany.MethodsWe built different SDMs for 20 Orthoptera species based on three predictor sets at a regional scale for current and future climate scenarios. We calculated standard bioclimatic variables and yearly and seasonal sets of climate change indicating variables of weather extremes. As the impact of extreme events may be stronger for habitat specialists than for generalists, we distinguished species’ degrees of specialization. We computed linear mixed‐effects models to identify significant effects of algorithm, predictor set and specialization on model performance and calculated correlations and geographical niche overlap between spatial predictions.ResultsCurrent predictions were rather similar among all predictor sets, but highly variable for future climate scenarios. Bioclimatic and seasonal weather predictors performed slightly better than yearly weather predictors, though performance differences were minor. We found no evidence that specialists are more sensitive to weather extremes than generalists.Main conclusionsFor future projections of species distributions, SDM predictor selection should not solely be based on current performances and predictions. As long‐term climate and short‐term weather predictors represent different environmental drivers of a species’ distribution, we argue to interpret diverging future projections as complements. Even if similar current performances and predictions might imply their equivalency, favouring one predictor set neglects important aspects of future distributions and might mislead conservation decisions based on them.
Pyramidal structure, risk‐taking and firm value
Authors: Su Kun , Wan Rui , Song Victor Y. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis article investigates the relationship among pyramidal layers, risk‐taking and firm value using a sample of local state‐owned enterprises (SOEs) in China. We find that state‐pyramidal layers have a positive and significant impact on firm risk‐taking and firm value, suggesting that the pyramidal structure formed by the state protects SOEs from political intervention. Risk‐taking is conducive to enhancing firm value and is one of the important channels through which state‐pyramidal layers increase firm value. By exploring the role of state‐pyramidal organizational structures in improving SOEs' risk‐taking, our results contribute to both corporate governance and corporate finance literature.
The sea as deathtrap: comment on a paper by miller and wiens
Authors: Vermeij Geerat J. , Grosberg Richard K. , Marshall Charles R. , Motani Ryosuke 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMiller & Wiens (2017) claim that low marine as compared with terrestrial diversity results from more frequent extinctions and insufficient time for diversification in marine clades. Their data on marine amniotes are unrepresentative of marine diversity, their analysis of clade dynamics is flawed, and they ignore previously proposed explanations for the diversity difference.
Population isolation predicts the severity of historical human epidemics
Authors: Start Denon , Kirk Devin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimInfectious diseases are a major source of human mortality and have altered human history. Despite their importance, we lack a thorough understanding of why some historical epidemics were more deadly than others. For many organisms, geographically isolated populations (e.g., populations distant from the mainland) experience more severe epidemics, including after long periods of isolation. These patterns are likely to arise because geographical isolation reduces contact with infectious diseases, causing a corresponding naïvety and susceptibility to those pathogens. Here, we test for equivalent patterns in human populations, but over much longer time frames than have been considered previously.LocationGlobal, but with a particular focus on islands in the Americas and the Pacific.Time periodApproximately 1000–1920 CE.Major taxa studiedHumans and two of their pathogens: smallpox and influenza.MethodsWe used historical mortality data from populations afflicted with smallpox or Spanish flu to test for relationships between isolation, a suite of covariates (e.g., island size, population density) and epidemic severity (mortality rate).ResultsWe show that populations isolated from the mainland suffered greater mortality. Interestingly, New World populations suffered universally higher mortality during smallpox epidemics, probably because they became isolated before the appearance of smallpox, causing high levels of susceptibility. Conversely, by 1918 New World populations were predominantly Eurasian and thus historically exposed to influenza, causing low mortality.ConclusionHuman populations exhibit patterns of epidemics analogous to those in non‐human species; isolated populations tend to suffer more severe epidemics. However, historical contingencies can cause patterns to diverge from those typically observed among other free‐living species. Generally, we suggest that geography underlies the ecology and evolution of humans and their pathogens.
Total mixed ration silage containing elephant grass for small‐scale dairy farms
Authors: Gusmão J. O. , Danés M. A. C. , Casagrande D. R. , Bernardes T. F. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAlternatives need to be addressed for reducing losses in elephant grass (EG; Pennisetum purpureum) silages. Furthermore, smallholders lack information on the nutritional aspects of dairy farms. The aim of this study was to evaluate total mixed ration silage (TMR) combining fresh EG and concentrate ingredients, creating the following treatments: (i) EG silage (control); (ii) EG, corn and soya bean meal; (iii) EG, corn, soya bean meal and molasses; (iv) EG, citrus pulp and soya bean meal; and (v) EG, citrus pulp, soya bean meal and molasses. Five replicates of each treatment were ensiled in 15‐L plastic jars. The fermentation profile, chemical composition, microbial counts and aerobic stability were assessed. Three contrasts were tested, as follows: (i) control vs. TMR; (ii) TMR with corn vs. TMR with citrus pulp; and (iii) TMR with molasses vs. TMR without molasses. Variables were analysed through the PROC MIXED procedure of the SAS at the 5% level. The TMR had better fermentation profile, lower effluent production and longer aerobic stability compared to control. When the effect of corn was compared to citrus pulp among the TMR, silages with citrus pulp showed lower fermentation losses, non‐protein nitrogen and effluent production. The aerobic stability also improved with citrus pulp. Molasses did not affect the fermentation profile. Overall, lactic acid was the primary acid in all TMR. Nitrogen source (e.g., soya bean meal) can be used without compromising the fermentation process. TMR with citrus pulp showed better results than corn. TMR may be an alternative to optimize the use of EG on smallholdings.