bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Scaled up Human Papillomavirus Vaccination and Cervical Screening and the Potential for Global Elimination of Cervical Cancer in 181 Countries, 2020–99: A Modelling Study
Authors: Simms Kate T. , Steinberg Julia , Caruana Michael , Smith Megan A. , Lew Jie-Bin , Soerjomataram Isabelle , Castle Philip E. , Bray Freddie , Canfell Karen 
Published: June 2019

(Abstracted from Lancet Oncol 2019;20:394–440)
Of the estimated 530,000 cervical cancer cases diagnosed globally in 2012, 85% occurred in less developed regions. Both cervical screening and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination coverage are much lower in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), compared with high-income countries.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Combination Letrozole and Clomiphene Citrate or Letrozole Alone for Ovulation Induction in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Mejia Rachel B. , Summers Karen M. , Kresowik Jessica D. , Van Voorhis Bradley J. 
Published: June 2019

(Abstracted from Fertil Steril 2019;111(3):571–578)
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age and the most common cause of anovulatory infertility. Treatment for infertility in women with PCOS centers around ovulation induction (OI).
Hospital Variation in Utilization and Success of Trial of Labor After a Prior Cesarean
Authors: Xu Xiao , Lee Henry C. , Lin Haiqun , Lundsberg Lisbet S. , Campbell Katherine H. , Lipkind Heather S. , Pettker Christian M. , Illuzzi Jessica L. 
Published: June 2019

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2019;220:98.e1–98.e14)
The rate of cesarean delivery in the United States has increased from 20.7% in 1996 to 31.9% in 2016. Cesarean delivery places the mother and fetus at increased risk of morbidities such as surgical injuries, maternal thromboembolic and anesthesia complications, and neonatal respiratory distress.
In Vitro Biomechanical Validation of a Self-Adaptive Ratchet Growing Rod Construct for Fusionless Scoliosis Correction
Authors: Chen Zong-Xing , Kaliya-Perumal Arun-Kumar , Niu Chi-Chien , Wang Jaw-Lin , Lai Po-Liang 
Published: June 2019

Study Design.

In vitro biomechanical evaluation of a novel self-adaptive unidirectional ratchet growing rod (RGR) system.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to propose and biomechanically validate a novel RGR construct in vitro using porcine thoracic spines and calculate the tensile force required to elongate the RGR with springs, without springs, and with soft tissue encapsulation (induced in vivo in rabbits).

Summary of Background Data.
Literature lacks clear consensus regarding the implant of choice for early-onset scoliosis. Multiple systems are currently available, and each has its own advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, studying novel designs that can credibly accommodate growth and curb deformity progression is of principle importance.

Methods.

In vitro biomechanical motion tests were done using six porcine thoracic spines with pedicle screws at T3 and T8. A pure moment of ±5 Nm was loaded in lateral bending (LB) and flexion-extension. Range of motion (ROM) and neutral zone (NZ) of each specimen was determined after connecting the free movable growing rods (FGRs), RGRs, and standard rods (SRs). Tensile tests were done to measure the force required to elongate the RGR with springs, without springs, and with soft tissue encapsulation (induced in vivo in rabbits).

Results.
Global ROM, implanted T3-T8 ROM, and the NZ of specimens with FGRs and RGRs were significantly higher than that with SRs. The RGRs favored unidirectional elongation in both LB and flexion. The tensile forces required for elongating the RGR without springs, with springs, and with soft tissue capsulation (by a scaled unit of 3 mm) were 3 ± 1.3 N, 10.5 ± 0.4 N, and 48.4 ± 14.4 N, respectively.

Conclusion.
The RGR could stabilize and favor unidirectional elongation of the implanted spinal column when appropriate forces were present. There was no device failure as far as we have studied and it is anticipated that, with further safety and feasibility assessment, RGRs could be adapted for clinical use.

Level of Evidence: N/A
Conquering the Craving
Authors: Umhau John C. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT:
Largely underutilized in North America, the use of medications to treat alcohol dependence is frequently a successful method of reducing alcohol craving and promoting abstinence. Recovery from alcohol addiction can be a complicated process, requiring nutritional, social, psychological, spiritual, and physical aspects of healing and self-directed behavioral change. Nurses can intervene in alcohol use disorder via screening, referrals, support of medical and behavioral treatments, and spiritual care that emphasizes hope, forgiveness, and relief from shame and guilt.
Offering Culturally Congruent Christian Care
Authors: Gunn Jennie , Bydalek Katherine , Rikabi Gulenia , Hammonds Linda Sue , Hebert Warren , Hughes Cathy , Lincoln Beth 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT:
Nurses provide care for people of many cultures. Understanding the patient's culture and incorporating cultural beliefs and practices into care are important to the patient's holistic well-being. Cultural and professional awareness creates culturally congruent care. Biblical teachings remind us to love one another; laws require culturally appropriate care, and nursing theory lays the path for understanding. The purpose of this article is to present a Christian view of caring, the theoretical and ethical underpinnings of cultural care, and the organizational and legal aspects of doing what is right.
The Association Between Mercury Exposure and Atopic Dermatitis in Early Childhood
Authors: Shin Jiyoung , Kim Byung-Mi , Ha Mina , Park Hye-sook , Hong Yun-Chul , Kim Yangho , Hyun Kwon Jung , Ha Eun-Hee 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic and relapsing inflammatory skin disease. Although mercury has been suggested as a risk factor, the underlying mechanism and the relationship between mercury and atopic dermatitis remains unclear. The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between mercury exposure and the presence of atopic dermatitis in early childhood.

Methods:
This study is part of the prospective Mothers and Children’s Environmental Health cohort study. A total of 1,751 pregnant women were enrolled in Mothers and Children’s Environmental Health. After delivery, children were followed up. Blood samples were collected and mothers were asked about the presence of atopic dermatitis in their children via a questionnaire at 6, 12, 24, 36, and 60 months of age.

Results:
After excluding participants who did not meet the inclusion criteria, a total of 1,061 mother-children pairs were included in the analysis. The geometric mean of mercury concentrations in cord blood was 5.1 µg/L. In adjusted models, cord blood mercury exposure (odds ratio [OR] = 1.1; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.0, 1.2 at 12–24 months) and postnatal mercury exposure (OR = 1.2; 95% CI = 1.0, 1.5 at 24–36 months, OR = 1.4; 95% CI = 1.1, 1.8 at 48–60 months) were associated with the presence of atopic dermatitis in children.

Conclusions:
Postnatal mercury exposure at 24 months of age increases the risk of atopic dermatitis in children.
Exposure to Community Homicide During Pregnancy and Adverse Birth Outcomes
Authors: Goin Dana E. , M. Gomez Anu , Farkas Kriszta , Zimmerman Scott C. , Matthay Ellicott C. , Ahern Jennifer 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Community violence is an understudied aspect of social context that may affect risk of preterm birth and small-for-gestational age (SGA).

Methods:
We matched California mothers with live singleton births who were exposed to a homicide in their Census tract of residence in 2007–2011 to unexposed mothers within the same tract. We estimated risk differences with a weighted linear probability model, with weights corresponding to the matched data structure. We estimated the average treatment effect on the treated of homicide exposure on the risk of preterm birth and SGA during the preconception period and first and second trimester.

Results:
We found a small increase in risk of SGA associated with homicide exposure in the first trimester (0.14% [95% confidence interval (CI) = −0.01%, 0.30%]), but not for exposure during the preconception period (−0.01% [95% CI = −0.17%, 0.15%]) or the second trimester (−0.06% [95% CI = −0.23%, 0.11%]). Risk of preterm birth was not affected by homicide exposure. When women were exposed to homicides during all three exposure windows, there was a larger increase in risk of SGA (1.09% [95% CI = 0.15%, 2.03%]) but not preterm birth (0.14% [95% CI = −0.74%, 1.01%]). Exposure to three or more homicides was also associated with greater risk of SGA (0.78% [95% CI = 0.15%, 1.40%]). Negative controls indicated that residual confounding by temporal patterning was unlikely.

Conclusions:
Homicide exposure during early pregnancy is associated with a small increased risk of SGA.
Diagnostic Capability of 3D Peripapillary Retinal Volume for Glaucoma Using Optical Coherence Tomography Customized Software
Authors: Liu Yingna , Jassim Firas , Braaf Boy , Khoueir Ziad , Poon Linda Yi-Chieh , Ben-David Geulah S. , Papadogeorgou Georgia , Tsikata Edem , Simavli Huseyin , Que Christian , Lee Ramon , Shieh Eric , Vakoc Benjamin J. , Bouma Brett E. , de Boer Johannes F. , Chen Teresa C. 
Published: June 2019

Précis:
The diagnostic capability of peripapillary retinal volume is similar to peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness for diagnosing glaucoma, but with fewer artifacts.

Purpose:
To compare the diagnostic capability of 3-dimensional peripapillary retinal volume (RV) versus 2-dimensional peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness for open-angle glaucoma.

Patients and Methods:
A retrospective cross-sectional analysis was conducted. A total of 180 subjects (113 open-angle glaucoma, 67 normal participants) had spectral domain optical coherence tomography volume scans and RNFL thickness measurements. Peripapillary RV values were calculated using a custom-designed program with 4 circumpapillary annuli (CA): CA1 had circle diameters of 2.5 and 3.5 mm; CA2, 3 and 4 mm; CA3, 3.5 and 4.5 mm; and CA4, 4 and 5 mm. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curves were calculated for global, quadrant, and octant regions for RV (CA1 to CA4) and RNFL thickness. Pair-wise comparisons were conducted. Artifacts rates were determined.

Results:
Mean age was 62.7±15.4 years, and 47.8% (86/180) were male. Among RV measurements, best diagnostic performances were for the smallest 2 annuli for inferior RV (CA1: 0.964, CA2: 0.955). Of the 4 annuli, CA1 had the highest diagnostic performance. Of specific regions, the inferior RV quadrant had the highest performance across CA1 to CA4. Peripapillary RV had similar diagnostic capability compared with RNFL thickness (P>0.05). The artifact rate per B-scan for RV was 6.0%, which was significantly lower compared with 2-dimensional RNFL thickness in the same patient population (32.2%, P<0.0001).

Conclusions:
The diagnostic capability of RV is similar to RNFL thickness for perimetric open-angle glaucoma, but RV had fewer artifacts compared with RNFL thickness.
Opioid use, pain intensity, age, and sleep architecture in patients with fibromyalgia and insomnia
Authors: Curtis Ashley F. , Miller Mary Beth , Rathinakumar Himangshu , Robinson Michael , Staud Roland , Berry Richard B. , McCrae Christina S. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Opioid use and sleep disruption are prevalent in fibromyalgia. Yet, the effects of opioids on physiological sleep in fibromyalgia are unclear. This study assessed associations between opioid use/dosage and polysomnographically assessed sleep in patients with fibromyalgia and insomnia (FMI) and examined moderating effects of age and pain. Participants (N = 193, Mage = 51.7, SD = 11.8, range = 18-77) with FMI completed ambulatory polysomnography and 14 daily diaries. Multiple regression determined whether commonly prescribed oral opioid use or dosage (among users) independently predicted or interacted with age/pain intensity to predict sleep, controlling for sleep medication use and apnea hypopnea index. Opioid use predicted greater %stage 2 and lower %slow-wave sleep (%SWS). Opioid use interacted with age to predict greater sleep onset latency (SOL) in middle-aged/older adults. Among opioid users (n = 65, ∼3 years usage), opioid dose (measured in lowest recommended dosage) interacted with age to predict SOL and sleep efficiency; specifically, higher dosage predicted longer SOL and lower sleep efficiency for older, but not middle-aged/younger adults. Opioid dose interacted with pain to predict %SWS and arousal index. Specifically, higher dosage predicted reduced %SWS and higher arousal index for individuals with lower pain, increased %SWS for individuals with higher pain, and did not predict %SWS for patients with average pain. Opioid use/dosage did not predict wake after sleep onset, total sleep time, %stage 1 or %rapid eye movement sleep. Opioid use prompts changes in sleep architecture among individuals with FMI, increasing lighter sleep and reducing SWS. Sleep disruption is exacerbated at higher opioid doses in older adults and patients with low pain.
Pupillary Light Reflex Variability as a Predictor of Clinical Outcomes in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Ortega-Perez Stefany , Shoyombo Ifeoluwa , Aiyagari Venkatesh , Atem Folefac , Hill Michelle , Stutzman Sonja E. , Olson DaiWai M. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: A change in the pupillary light reflex (PLR) is a sensitive indicator for detecting expanding intracranial lesions. Changes in PLR may be a prognostic marker for patients with intracranial lesions. The purpose of this analysis was to explore how PLR readings, size, constriction velocity (CV), dilation velocity (DV), Neurologic Pupil Index (NPi), and latency predict clinical outcome in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. METHODS: This is a secondary analysis of prospectively collected multicenter registry data. The within-subject standard deviation (WSD) of PLR values, NPi, size, CV, DV, and latency were explored as predictors of discharge modified Rankin Scale (mRS) in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhagic. RESULTS: Among 4403 pupillary readings from 82 patients with a diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage, with a mean age of 57.7 years, the admission Glasgow Coma Scale median score was 14 (eye, 4; verbal, 4; motor, 6), and the mRS median was 0 on admission and 4 at discharge. Correlation between standard deviation of PLR values and discharge mRS was moderate and negative (r = −0.3 to −0.47, P < .01). The standard deviations for NPi, size, CV, and DV were significant for predicting discharge mRS (r
2 = 0.23–0.28, P < .05) after controlling for admission Glasgow Coma Scale. CONCLUSION: Patients with higher WSD PLR values showed better outcomes (ie, lower mRS at discharge), suggesting that patients with narrower WSD PLR are at a higher risk for poor outcomes.
An update on risk assessment for familial and hereditary colorectal cancer
Authors: Edelman Emily A. , Reed E. Kate 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
Family history risk assessment can identify individuals at increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) who would benefit from earlier or more frequent CRC screening. Clinicians should evaluate the patient's family history as well as personal history to identify red flags and patterns that may suggest predisposition to CRC and then use that information to stratify risk into average, increased, and high risk categories to inform genetic counseling recommendations and personalized management.
Characterization of serum irisin in patients with severe acute pancreatitis
Authors: Chen Shayan , Wang Lina , Gao Xue , Chen Minghui , Zeng Zhaowei , Zhao Lin 
Published: June 2019

Background
Irisin, as a novel and versatile hormone secreted by skeletal myocytes and fat tissues, is reported to be involved in inflammation-related diseases; one of the main characteristics of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is inflammatory responses. This study aims to describe the characteristics of irisin in SAP.

Patients and methods
Here, we enrolled 50 controls, 20 with no acute pancreatitis (AP), 20 AP, and 12 SAP patients, determined white blood cell, blood glucose, C-reactive protein, urine amylase, blood lipase, and serum irisin using an analyzer and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at the indicated time-points, analyzed the correlations of irisin with blood glucose, sex, and age, and then predicted the morality and complications of organ failure and/or exacerbations of comorbidities in SAP by irisin.

Results
The results showed no significant difference in all groups in the clinical parameters (P>0.05), except that white blood cell was significantly higher in no AP, AP, and SAP than the controls (P<0.05). In addition, irisin levels were significantly lower and maintained a steadily low trend in the process of SAP than others (P<0.05), whereas C-reactive protein, urine amylase, and blood lipase in the SAP and AP groups were higher than others and kept decreasing tendency (P<0.01). Moreover, the irisin level in female SAP patients was significantly higher than that in male patients, but no differences were found in the other groups (P>0.05). In addition, the correlation between irisin levels and blood glucose was better in the SAP group than that between irisin levels and age in SAP patients and controls, although a relatively better correlation was found in SAP patients than the controls. Finally, the prognostic significance of mortality and complications of SAP according to irisin levels represented significantly, especially for complications of organ failure and/or exacerbations of comorbidities in female SAP.

Conclusion
Therefore, serum irisin level has unique characteristics and may be an independent factor and useful to predict the mortality, and complications in SAP patients, especially in female SAP patients.
Differences in Pancreatic Cancer Incidence Rates and Temporal Trends Across Asian Subpopulations in California (1988–2015)
Authors: Liu Lihua , Zhang Juanjuan , Deapen Dennis , Stern Mariana C. , Sipin Andrea , Pandol Stephen J. , Setiawan Veronica Wendy 
Published: June 2019

Objective
Ethnic disparities in pancreatic cancer (PanCan) incidence exist, but little is known about incidence trends in heterogeneous Asian Americans. We examined PanCan incidence and temporal patterns among detailed ethnic populations, including Asian American subgroups.

Methods
A total of 71,099 invasive exocrine PanCan cases were identified using the California Cancer Registry between 1988 and 2015. Cases were grouped into mutually exclusive groups of non-Hispanic (NH) white, NH black, Hispanic, NH Asian/Pacific Islander (API), and NH American Indian/Alaska Native (AIAN). Asians were further identified by specific ethnicity.

Results
The age-adjusted incidence rates (AAIRs, per 100,000) of PanCan varied significantly across racial/ethnic groups, ranging from the highest of 10.4 in NH blacks to 7.6 in NH whites, 7.1 in Hispanics, 6.2 in NH APIs, and to the lowest of 5.2 in NH AIAN. Despite the relatively low rate in the NH APIs, the rates across Asian subgroups varied significantly, with rates similar to NH whites in Japanese (8.1) and Koreans (7.5) to the low rate in South Asians (4.4).

Conclusions
Significant heterogeneity of PanCan incidence in disaggregated Asian Americans is a novel finding. These results fill a gap regarding PanCan burden in Asian Americans and underscore the importance of disaggregating ethnic populations in cancer research.
Performance of a Dual Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Syphilis Rapid Test Compared With Conventional Serological Testing for Syphilis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus in a Laboratory Setting: Results From the Zimbabwe STI Etiology Study
Authors: Rietmeijer Cornelis A. , Mungati More , Kilmarx Peter H. , Barr Beth Tippett , Gonese Elizabeth , Kularatne Ranmini S. , Lewis David A. , Klausner Jeffrey D. , Rodgers Luanne , Handsfield H. Hunter 
Published: June 2019

Background
Dual human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/syphilis rapid, point-of-care testing may enhance syphilis screening among high-risk populations, increase case finding, reduce time to treatment, and prevent complications. We assessed the laboratory-based performance of a rapid dual HIV/syphilis test using serum collected from patients enrolled in the Zimbabwe Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) Etiology study.

Methods
Blood specimens were collected from patients presenting with STI syndromes in 6, predominantly urban STI clinics in different regions of Zimbabwe. All specimens were tested at a central research laboratory using the Standard Diagnostics Bioline HIV/Syphilis Duo test. The treponemal syphilis component of the dual rapid test was compared with the Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay (TPHA) as a gold standard comparator, both alone or in combination with a nontreponemal test, the rapid plasma reagin test. The HIV component of the dual test was compared with a combination of HIV rapid tests conducted at the research laboratory following the Zimbabwe national HIV testing algorithm.

Results
Of 600 men and women enrolled in the study, 436 consented to serological syphilis and HIV testing and had specimens successfully tested by all assays. The treponemal component of the dual test had a sensitivity of 66.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 55.2%–77.2%) and a specificity of 96.4% (95% CI, 94.5%–98.3%) when compared with TPHA; the sensitivity increased to 91.7% (95% CI, 82.6%–99.9%) when both TPHA and rapid plasma reagin were positive. The HIV component of the dual test had a sensitivity of 99.4% (95% CI, 98.4%–99.9%) and a specificity of 100% (95% CI, 99.9%–100%) when compared with the HIV testing algorithm.

Conclusions
Laboratory performance of the SD Bioline HIV/Syphilis Duo test was high for the HIV component of the test. Sensitivity of the treponemal component was lower than reported from most laboratory-based evaluations in the literature. However, sensitivity of the test increased substantially among patients more likely to have active syphilis for which results of both standard treponemal and nontreponemal tests were positive.
Extreme Thumb Losses: Reconstructive Strategies
Authors: del Piñal Francisco 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Historically, complex amputations of the thumb have been managed in two stages and often require additional soft-tissue and tendon transfer for successful outcomes. This article provides several novel strategies to address these problems in a single stage using existing muscles, immediate free tissue transfer, and toe transfer.

Methods:
From a personal experience of 482 toe transfers, 24 cases were performed to reconstruct extreme thumb losses. All thumbs were reconstructed in one stage. In only one case, the thumb was reconstructed with a second toe transfer; the remainder had a great toe (or a part of it) used for reconstruction. Suture, advancement, or tendon transfers were performed in all to restore intrinsic muscle function. In 19 cases, the web needed to be resurfaced with free (n = 18) or local (n = 1) flaps.

Results:
All toes and flaps survived. Three patients required a secondary adductorplasty. Six of the seven patients with a metacarpal hand were able to perform tripod pinch. The rest had an average Kapandji opposition score of 7.5. Patients rated their functional and cosmetic result with a visual analogue scale score (ranging from 0 to 10) of 8.5 and 8.4, respectively.

Conclusions:
In proximal thumb amputations, the surgeon should pay attention not only to the obvious thumb loss but also to the first web and the thenar muscles. The author recommends abandoning the standard approach of a pedicled groin flap followed by a toe. Otherwise, the thenar muscles become useless, the first metacarpal contracts, and the need for tendon transfers skyrockets. Further studies are required to compare the outcomes of these results to those of more classic transfers.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDECE:
Therapeutic, IV.