bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quand les journalistes se font historiens. Le cas français
Authors: Delporte Christian 
Published: January 2019

L’article évoque le goût sensible des journalistes français pour l’histoire, en montre les origines et les expressions contemporaines. Longtemps, les journalistes et les historiens-universitaires ont fait partie de la même sphère, jusqu’à ce que la professionnalisation des uns et des autres ne les sépare. Dans les années 1950-1960, cependant, on constate un retour massif de l’histoire chez les journalistes, phénomène qui se prolonge jusqu’à nos jours et permet de distinguer quatre catégories de « journalistes-historiens » : les témoins (qui favorisent l’essor de l’histoire immédiate) ; les érudits-vulgarisateurs ; les journalistes spécialisés dans l’information culturelle (souvent proches des universitaires) ; les producteurs et médiateurs d’histoire.
Capital humain spécifique de dirigeants de PME et mesure de l’activité entrepreneuriale : vers un permis d’entreprendre
Authors: Lopez Jean-Claude , Jubenot Marie-Noëlle , Feige Jimmy 
Published: January 2019

Dans cet article, il est proposé, grâce à une approche théorique et pluridisciplinaire, de mieux rendre compte des compétences entrepreneuriales d’un dirigeant de PME et de jeter les bases d’un modèle d’évaluation de la capacité à entreprendre à partir de l’analyse des cycles d’exploitation. Une estimation pertinente de la capacité à entreprendre pourrait rendre possible une meilleure évaluation de la valeur ajoutée des dirigeants de PME et une esquisse plus précise de la stratégie de soutien aux actions entrepreneuriales. Au niveau macro-économique, la mesure de la performance des dirigeants d’entreprises pourrait être un indicateur pertinent de la croissance économique et de l’évolution de l’emploi. Cette mesure pourrait alors permettre la construction de politiques économiques spécifiques au service de la performance et l’élaboration d’un « permis d’entreprendre », qui nous semble nécessaire à l’intensification de l’activité entrepreneuriale.
Competence, Continuing Education, and Computers
Authors: Hegge Margaret , Powers Penny , Hendrickx Lori , Vinson Judith 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
A survey of RNs in South Dakota was performed to determine their perceived level of competence, the extent to which their continuing nursing education (CNE) needs are being met, and their use of computers for CNE. Nationally certified nurses rated themselves significantly more competent than nurses who are not nationally certified. Fewer than half of the RNs reported their CNE needs were being met despite geographic access to CNE and programs available in their specialty. Three-fourths of nurses had computers at home while 76% had computers at work, yet fewer than 20% of nurses used these computers for CNE.
The Learning Needs of Nurses Experiencing Job Change
Authors: Butt Michelle , Baumann Andrea , O'Brien-Pallas Linda , Deber Raisa , Blythe Jennifer , DiCertso Alba 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
This study explored the perceived knowledge needs of nurses who experienced job change because of health care restructuring and whether different types of job change influenced learning needs. A questionnaire was distributed to nurses in two teaching hospitals. Results indicated that nurses perceived they needed new knowledge and upgraded clinical skills when experiencing job change. Their learning needs, however, differed with the type of job change experienced. Additionally, nurses felt their orientation only moderately prepared them for their new jobs. The findings suggest orientation programs need to be tailored to address the learning needs of nurses experiencing job change.
Assessment of fatigue in patients with a permanent cardiac pacemaker: prevalence and associated factors
Authors: Polikandrioti Maria , Tzirogiannis Konstantinos , Zyga Sofia , Gerogianni Georgia , Stefanidou Spyridoula , Tsami Athanasia , Panoutsopoulos Georgios 
Published: January 2019

IntroductionFatigue is a debilitating symptom of subjective nature which lacks effective therapy. The aim of the study was to assess levels of fatigue and the associated factors among patients with permanent cardiac pacemaker (PCM).Material and methodsThis was a cross-sectional study carried out in Athens. The study sample consisted of 250 patients with a PCM.ResultsData indicated moderate to low levels of fatigue. Furthermore, women (median: 24, p = 0.001), those with primary school education (median: 21, p = 0.001), those who were “a little-not at all” informed about PCM (median: 31, p = 0.001), those who had someone to help them in daily activities (median: 23, p = 0.001), those who did not believe that PCM solved their cardiac problem (median: 36, p = 0.001), and those who did not believe that their quality of life was improved (median: 35, p = 0.001) had high levels of fatigue. Moreover, high levels of fatigue were felt by those who characterized themselves as anxious and those who reported to be very anxious about their heart rate and the proper function of PCM (medians: 21.5, 25 and 25 respectively). Additionally, more fatigue was felt by participants who did not smoke after implantation and did not exercise at all (medians: 20 and 24 respectively). Finally, older patients felt more fatigue (rho = 0.248) while the later the implantation device was inserted the more fatigue the patients felt (rho = 0.274).ConclusionsThe present results will help clinicians to acquire an in-depth knowledge of factors associated with fatigue after implantation.
WHOQOL-BREF survey of quality of life among dialyzed end-stage renal disease patients
Authors: Sułkowski Leszek , Matyja Maciej , Pasternak Artur , Matyja Andrzej 
Published: January 2019

IntroductionHemodialysis (HD) improves health and prolongs the life of end-stage renal disease patients, but simultaneously leads to emotional disturbances and impairs the quality of life (QOL). The study was conducted to evaluate the QOL of HD patients. The study was approved by the Regional Bioethical Committee (K.B.Cz.-0014/2017).Material and methodsThe World Health Organization Questionnaire of QOL (WHOQOL-BREF) was used in this study with the formal agreement of the WHO. The associations between each patient-related and dialysis-related factor and WHOQOL-BREF domains and questions were computed. The variables were compared by the Student t-test.ResultsData were collected in August 2017 in a single access center. Sixty-nine patients, including 23 (33.3%) women, were evaluated. The factors lowering the scores for particular questions and domains of WHOQOL-BREF were senility, marriage, wrist and arm AVF, not-tunneled CVCs (vs. tunneled), and unwillingness to have a kidney graft. The factors that increased scores for particular questions and domains of WHOQOL-BREF were short dialysis, tunneled CVCs (vs. not-tunneled), and higher URR. The relations between domains and questions of WHOQOL-BREF and sex, education, months on dialysis, kidney graft in the past, fulfillment of medical recommendations, Kt/V and UF were not significant.ConclusionsAlthough a kidney graft is the best kidney replacement therapy, there is a large group of patients who do not want to receive this treatment. This group should be given special attention. The medical professionals in HD units should remember that patients may not feel comfortable with their disease and satisfied with their body image affected by therapy.
Diel variation in mercury stable isotope ratios records photoreduction of PM2.5-bound mercury
Authors: Huang Qiang , Chen Jiubin , Huang Weilin , Reinfelder John R. , Fu Pingqing , Yuan Shengliu , Wang Zhongwei , Yuan Wei , Cai Hongming , Ren Hong , Sun Yele , He Li 
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Mercury (Hg) bound to fine aerosols (PM2.5-Hg) may undergo photochemical
reaction that causes isotopic fractionation and obscures the initial isotopic
signatures. In this study, we quantified Hg isotopic compositions for 56
PM2.5 samples collected between 15 September and 16 October 2015 from
Beijing, China, among which 26 were collected during daytime (between 08:00
and 18:30 LT) and 30 during night (between 19:00
and 07:30 LT). The results show that diel variation was statistically
significant (p < 0.05) for Hg content, Δ199Hg and
Δ200Hg, with Hg content during daytime (0.32±0.14 µg g−1) lower than at night (0.48±0.24 µg g−1) and Δ199Hg and Δ200Hg
values during daytime (mean of 0.26 ‰±0.40 ‰ and
0.09 ‰±0.06 ‰, respectively) higher than during
nighttime (0.04 ‰±0.22 ‰ and 0.06 ‰±0.05 ‰, respectively), whereas PM2.5 concentrations and
δ202Hg values showed insignificant (p > 0.05)
diel variation. Geochemical characteristics of the samples and the air mass
backward trajectories (PM2.5 source related) suggest that diel variation
in Δ199Hg values resulted primarily from the photochemical
reduction of divalent PM2.5-Hg, rather than variations in emission
sources. The importance of photoreduction is supported by the strong
correlations between Δ199Hg and (i) Δ201Hg
(positive, slope = 1.1), (ii) δ202Hg (positive,
slope = 1.15), (iii) content of Hg in PM2.5 (negative),
(iv) sunshine durations (positive) and (v) ozone concentration (positive)
observed for consecutive day–night paired samples. Our results provide
isotopic evidence that local, daily photochemical reduction of divalent Hg is
of critical importance to the fate of PM2.5-Hg in urban atmospheres and
that, in addition to variation in sources, photochemical reduction appears to
be an important process that affects both the particle mass-specific
abundance and isotopic composition of PM2.5-Hg.
A citizen science approach to evaluating US cities for biotic homogenization
Authors: Leong Misha , Trautwein Michelle D 
Published: January 2019

Background. Cities around the world have converged on structural and environmental characteristics that exert similar eco-evolutionary pressures on local communities. However, evaluating how urban biodiversity responds to urban intensification remains poorly understood because of the challenges in capturing the diversity of a range of taxa within and across multiple cities from different types of urbanization.
Methods. Here we utilize a growing resource—citizen science data. We analyzed 66,209 observations representing 5,209 species generated by the City Nature Challenge project on the iNaturalist platform, in conjunction with remote sensing (NLCD2011) environmental data, to test for urban homogenization at increasing levels of urban intensity across 14 metropolitan cities in the United States.
Results. Based on community composition analyses, we found that while urban homogenization occurs to an extent, urban biodiversity is often much more a reflection of the regional specificity of taxa. On the other hand, we also found that the most commonly observed species are often shared between cities and are non-endemic and/or have a distribution facilitated by humans. This study highlights the value of citizen science data in answering questions in urban ecology.
Atari Age
Authors: Newman Michael Z. 
Published: January 2019

The cultural contradictions of early video games: a medium for family fun (but mainly for middle-class boys), an improvement over pinball and television (but possibly harmful)
Beginning with the release of the Magnavox Odyssey and Pong in 1972, video games, whether played in arcades and taverns or in family rec rooms, became part of popular culture, like television. In fact, video games were sometimes seen as an improvement on television because they spurred participation rather than passivity. These “space-age pinball machines” gave coin-operated games a high-tech and more respectable profile. In Atari Age, Michael Newman charts the emergence of video games in America from ball-and-paddle games to hits like Space Invaders and Pac-Man, describing their relationship to other amusements and technologies and showing how they came to be identified with the middle class, youth, and masculinity.
Newman shows that the “new media” of video games were understood in varied, even contradictory ways. They were family fun (but mainly for boys), better than television (but possibly harmful), and educational (but a waste of computer time). Drawing on a range of sources—including the games and their packaging; coverage in the popular, trade, and fan press; social science research of the time; advertising and store catalogs; and representations in movies and television—Newman describes the series of cultural contradictions through which the identity of the emerging medium worked itself out. Would video games embody middle-class respectability or suffer from the arcade's unsavory reputation? Would they foster family togetherness or allow boys to escape from domesticity? Would they make the new home computer a tool for education or just a glorified toy? Then, as now, many worried about the impact of video games on players, while others celebrated video games for familiarizing kids with technology essential for the information age.
Automatic Algorithm Recognition and Replacement
Authors: Metzger Robert , Wen Zhaofang 
Published: January 2019

This book describes a fundamentally new theoretical framework for finding poor algorithms in an application program and replacing them with ones that parallelize the code.
Parallel computation will become the norm in the coming decades. Unfortunately, advances in parallel hardware have far outpaced parallel applications of software. There are currently two approaches to applying parallelism to applications. One is to write completely new applications in new languages. But abandoning applications that work is unacceptable to most nonacademic users of high-performance computers. The other approach is to convert existing applications to a parallel form. This can be done manually or automatically. Even partial success in doing the job automatically has obvious economic advantages. This book describes a fundamentally new theoretical framework for finding poor algorithms in an application program and replacing them with ones that parallelize the code.
Coherence in Natural Language
Authors: Wolf Florian , Gibson Edward A. 
Published: January 2019

A discussion of coherence in natural language that develops criteria for descriptively adequate data structures and examines the influence of coherence on psycholinguistic processes and determining the relative importance of document segments.
In Coherence and Natural Language, Florian Wolf and Edward Gibson specify and evaluate criteria for descriptively adequate data structures for representing discourse coherence. They test the influence of discourse structure on pronoun processing, evaluate different approaches for determining the relative importance of document segments, and propose a new coherence-based algorithm to accomplish this task. Their book offers the first large-scale empirical evaluation of data structures for representing coherence and also includes novel psycholinguistic tests of existing information extraction and text summarization systems. Wolf and Gibson evaluate whether tree structures are descriptively adequate for representing discourse coherence and conclude that more powerful data structure is needed because there are many different kinds of crossed dependencies and nodes with multiple parents in the discourse structures of naturally occurring texts. They propose that connected, labeled chain graphs make a better representation of coherence. They find additionally that causal coherence relations affect people's strategies for pronoun processing, which points to the psychological validity of coherence relations. Finally, they evaluate word-based, layout-based, and coherence-based approaches for estimating the importance of document segments in a document and find that coherence-based methods that operate on chain graphs perform best. With its attention to empirical validation and psycholinguistic processing, the book raises issues that are relevant to cognitive science as well as natural language processing and information extraction.
Bradford Books imprint
The Economics of the World Trading System
Authors: Bagwell Kyle , Staiger Robert W. 
Published: January 2019

World trade is governed by the rules of the World Trade Organization (WTO), the successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). The WTO sets rules of conduct for the international trade of goods and services and for intellectual property rights, provides a forum for multinational negotiations to resolve trade problems, and has a formal mechanism for dispute settlement. It is the primary institution working, through rule-based bargaining, at freeing trade.
In this book, Kyle Bagwell and Robert Staiger provide an economic analysis and justification for the purpose and design of the GATT/WTO. They summarize their own research, discuss the major features of the GATT agreement, and survey the literature on trade agreements. Their focus on the terms-of-trade externality is particularly original and ties the book together. Topics include the theory of trade agreements, the origin and design of the GATT and the WTO, the principles of reciprocity, the most favored nation principle, terms-of-trade theory, enforcement, preferential trade agreements, labor and environmental standards, competition policy, and agricultural export subsidies.
Environmental Leadership in Developing Countries
Authors: Steinberg Paul F. 
Published: January 2019

In the absence of world government, effective national policy is essential to the success of international environmental initiatives. Yet research on global environmental cooperation has proceeded without models of policy change in developing countries, where most of the world's people, land, and species are found. In this book Paul Steinberg provides a theoretical framework to explain the domestic responses of developing countries to global environmental concerns. Drawing on extensive field research, he traces the evolution of public policies to protect biological diversity in Costa Rica and Bolivia over the past four decades, to understand how these countries emerged as leaders in tropical conservation and how international institutions might support similar outcomes in other countries.
Environmental Leadership in Developing Countries explodes the myth that developing countries are too preoccupied with short-term economic growth and material survival to devote attention to global environmental concerns. Instead it offers a nuanced account of complex, decades-long efforts to create effective institutions, and analyzes the relative roles of foreign and domestic actors in this process.
Parallel Algorithms for Regular Architectures
Authors: Miller Russ , Stout Quentin 
Published: January 2019

Parallel Algorithms for Regular Architectures is the first book to concentrate exclusively on algorithms and paradigms for programming parallel computers such as the hypercube, mesh, pyramid, and mesh-of-trees. Algorithms are given to solve fundamental tasks such as sorting and matrix operations, as well as problems in the field of image processing, graph theory, and computational geometry. The first chapter defines the computer models, problems to be solved, and notation that will be used throughout the book. It also describes fundamental abstract data movement operations that serve as the foundation to many of the algorithms presented in the book. The remaining chapters describe efficient implementations of these operations for specific models of computation and present algorithms (with asymptotic analyses) that are often based on these operations.
The algorithms presented are the most efficient known, including a number of new algorithms for the hypercube and mesh-of-trees that are better than those that have previously appeared in the literature. The chapters may be read independently, allowing anyone interested in a specific model to read the introduction and then move directly to the chapter(s) devoted to the particular model of interest.
Parallel Algorithms for Regular Architectures is included in the Scientific Computation series, edited by Dennis Gannon.
Phrasal Movement and Its Kin
Authors: Pesetsky David 
Published: January 2019

This study investigates the types of movement and movement-like relations that link positions in syntactic structure. David Pesetsky argues that there are three such relations. Besides overt phasal movement, there are two distinct types of movement without phonological effect: covert phrasal movement and feature movement. Focusing on wh-questions, he shows how his classification of movement-like relations allows us to understand the story behind wh-questions in which an otherwise inviolable property of movement—"Attract Closest"—appears to be violated. By demonstrating that more movement takes place in such configurations than previously suspected, he shows that Attract Closest is actually not violated at all in these cases. This conclusion draws on recent research in both syntax and semantics, and depends crucially on Pesetsky's expanded repertoire of movement-like relations.
Linguistic Inquiry Monograph No. 37
UMA CIDADE EM POESIA: DOIS POETAS CONTEMPORÂNEOS DE BELO HORIZONTE
Authors: Carmona Kaio Carvalho 
Published: January 2019

<p>O presente artigo aborda algumas discussões teórico-críticas sobre a poesia brasileira contemporânea, tendo em vista a passagem do século XX para o século XXI, e sua relação com as estéticas presentes no século XX, o Modernismo, o Concretismo, a Poesia Marginal. Para tanto, tomamos como análise e exemplo a poética de dois autores contemporâneos da cidade de Belo Horizonte: Maria Esther Maciel e Marcelo Dolabela. </p><p>O presente artigo aborda algumas discussões teórico-críticas sobre a poesia brasileira contemporânea, tendo em vista a passagem do século XX para o século XXI, e sua relação com as estéticas presentes no século XX, o Modernismo, o Concretismo, a Poesia Marginal. Para tanto, tomamos como análise e exemplo a poética de dois autores contemporâneos da cidade de Belo Horizonte: Maria Esther Maciel e Marcelo Dolabela. </p>
POESIA E ARTE URBANA: A CIDADE REESCRITA NO TRABALHO DO COLETIVO TRANSVERSO
Authors: Larissa Ramos de Freitas Albertti 
Published: January 2019

<p>O presente estudo pretende investigar a relação entre a poesia e a arte urbana no trabalho do Coletivo Transverso. Formado pelo poeta Cauê Novaes, pela poetiza e atriz Patrícia Del Rey e pela artista plástica Patrícia Bagniewski, o Coletivo atua desde 2011 em grandes cidades brasileiras pesquisando e desenvolvendo intervenções urbanas com a palavra, utilizando técnicas como o stencil, sticker e os lambe-lambes. Com a finalidade de refletir sobre potencial crítico de práticas da poesia contemporânea que experimentam os espaços da cidade como suporte para o poema, este trabalho visa à investigação de ações poéticas que agem como microrresistências no cotidiano.</p><p> </p><p> </p>