bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short-time xylem tension relaxation prevents vessel refilling and alleviates cryo-fixation artifacts in diffuse-porous Carpinus tschonoskii and Cercidiphyllum japonicum
Authors: Ogasa Mayumi Y , Yazaki Kenichi , Utsumi Yasuhiro , Miki Naoko H , Fukuda Kenji 
Published: June 2019

AbstractXylem tension relaxation is an important procedure that closely resembles the in vivo xylem water distribution when measuring conductivity or observing water distribution of plant tissue samples by cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM). Recent studies have shown that partial xylem embolism occurs when samples under tension are cut under water and that gas-filled vessels are refilled during tension relaxation. Furthermore, the frequency of gas-filled vessels has been reported to increase in samples without tension relaxation before cryo-fixation by liquid nitrogen, particularly in samples with significant tension. Here, we examined the effect of tension relaxation on these artifacts in Carpinus tschonoskii and Cercidiphyllum japonicum using magnetic resonance imaging. We observed that xylem embolism rarely occurs in bench-dried samples cut under water. In both species, a small portion of the xylem was refilled within ~1 h after tension relaxation. Cryo-SEM observations revealed that short-time (&lt;1 h) xylem tension relaxation decreases the frequency of gas-filled vessels in samples frozen after xylem tension relaxation regardless of the water potential compared with that in samples frozen without rehydration in both species. Therefore, short-time tension relaxation is necessary to retain xylem water distribution during sample preparation against artifacts.
Metabolic and physiological analyses reveal that Populus cathayana males adopt an energy-saving strategy to cope with phosphorus deficiency
Authors: Zhang Sheng , Tang Duoteng , Korpelainen Helena , Li Chunyang 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Dioecious trees have evolved sex-specific adaptation strategies to cope with inorganic phosphorus (Pi) limitation. Yet, little is known about the effects of Pi limitation on plant metabolism, particularly in dioecious woody plants. To identify potential gender-specific metabolites appearing in response to Pi limitation in poplars, we studied the metabolic and ionomic responses in the roots and leaves of Populus cathayana Rehd males and females exposed to a 60-day period of Pi deficiency. Besides significant decreases in phosphorus contents in both Pi-deficient roots and leaves, the calcium level decreased significantly and the sulfur content increased significantly in Pi-deficient male roots, while the zinc and ferrum contents increased significantly in Pi-deficient female roots. Inorganic P deficiency caused a smaller change in the abscisic acid content, but a significant increase in the jasmonic acid content was detected in both leaves and roots. Salicylic acid significantly decreased under Pi deficiency in male leaves and female roots. Changes were found in phospholipids and phosphorylated metabolites (e.g., fructose-6-phosphate, glycerol-3-phosphate, glucose-6-phosphate, phosphoric acid and inositol-1-phosphate) in roots and leaves. Both P. cathayana males and females relied on inorganic pyrophosphate-dependent but not on Pi-dependent glycolysis under Pi-deficient conditions. Sex-specific metabolites in leaves were primarily in the category of primary metabolites (e.g., amino acids), while in roots primarily in the category of secondary metabolites (e.g., organic acids) and sugars. The metabolome analysis revealed that sexually different pathways occurred mainly in amino acid metabolism, and the tissue-related differences were in the shikimate pathway and glycolysis. We observed changes in carbon flow, reduced root biomass and increased amino acid contents in P. cathayana males but not in females, which indicated that males have adopted an energy-saving strategy to adapt to Pi deficiency. Thus, this study provides new insights into sex-specific metabolic responses to Pi deficiency.
Prevalence and Outcome of Preterm Births in the National Referral Hospital in Bhutan: An Observational Study
Authors: Pradhan Dinesh , Nishizawa Yoriko , Chhetri Hari P 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Preterm birth-related complications are the leading cause of under-5 mortality globally. Bhutan does not have a reliable preterm birth rate or data regarding outcome of preterm babies.

Aim
To determine the preterm birth rate at the Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital (JDWNRH) in Thimphu, Bhutan, and assess their outcomes.

Methods
All live preterm births at JDWNRH from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2017 were followed from birth till hospital discharge. Maternal demographic data, pregnancy details and delivery details were collected. Morbidity and mortality information as well as discharge outcome were collected on babies admitted to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Results
Preterm birth rate among live births was 6.4%. Most mothers were younger than 30 years, housewives and had secondary education. Pregnancy registration rate and adequacy of antenatal visits were high. Most preterm births were singleton and the predominant mode of delivery was cesarean section. More than half of the births were initiated spontaneously, and the male:female ratio was 1.2:1. Most babies were late preterm and low birth weight. Half of them required NICU admission. Overall mortality rate was 11% and 21.6% for admitted preterm neonates. Preterm small-for-gestational-age neonates, and those born after provider-initiated preterm birth had significantly increased risk of mortality. Most preterm neonates were discharged without complications. The rate of extrauterine growth restriction was high.

Conclusion
This is the first study on the prevalence of preterm births and their outcomes in the largest tertiary-care hospital in Bhutan.
Catastrophic health care expenditure due to septic shock and dengue shock in Vietnam
Authors: McBride Angela , Thuy Duong B , Chau Nguyen V Vinh , Thwaites C Louise , Turner Hugo C , Hao Nguyen V 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
The cost of treatment for infectious shock in intensive care in Vietnam is unknown.

Methods
We prospectively investigated hospital bills for adults treated for septic and dengue shock in Vietnam and calculated the proportion who faced catastrophic health care expenditures.

Results
The median hospital bills were US$617 for septic shock (n=100) and US$57 for dengue shock (n=88). Catastrophic payments were incurred by 47% (47/100) and 13% (11/88) of patients with septic shock and dengue shock, respectively, and 56% (25/45) and 84% (5/6) fatal cases of septic shock and dengue shock respectively.

Conclusions
Further advocacy is required to moderate insurance co-payments for costly critical care interventions.
Role of Ancillary Procedures in Facial Rejuvenation
Authors: Rohrich Rod. J. , Mohan Raja 
Published: June 2019

Summary:
Face-lift techniques have evolved beyond the concept of lifting and now include incorporating superficial and deep filling of facial fat compartments to address volume deflation and aging. In addition to traditional face-lift methods involving the excision and tightening of skin and the underlying soft tissues, the following ancillary procedures have become paramount in achieving an optimal result: blending the lid-cheek junction; chin augmentation; lobule augmentation; hand rejuvenation; perioral rejuvenation; chemical peels; and laser resurfacing. We presented a summary of these integral techniques.
Vertical Augmentation Mastopexy with Implant Isolation and Tension Management
Authors: Hubbard Thomas J. 
Published: June 2019

Background:
The increasingly popular vertical method of mastopexy is less commonly the technique of choice in augmentation mastopexy possibly due to concerns raised in the literature. The purpose of this report is to evaluate safety and satisfaction of the author’s variation of the vertical method in this combination surgery. It includes unique tension management steps and total implant isolation from cut parenchyma.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis was done of 105 consecutive patients treated with the author’s method over an 8 year 6 month period. Clinical outcomes were examined, and a Breast-Q survey and Spear’s 2004 survey were mailed to all patients who agreed to it by phone.

Results:
There were no hematomas or delayed healing but one pulmonary embolus treated as an outpatient and one infection appearing 6 weeks postoperatively. There were only 3 grade 3 or 4 capsular contractures. Sixty-seven patients consented to the survey and 36 were returned. With Breast-Q, there was a mean score of 82.78 for outcome satisfaction and 75.94 for satisfaction with breasts. Spear’s survey confirmed high satisfaction with 90.9% indicating that they were satisfied or extremely satisfied. Comparison with Spear’s own surgical results did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusions:
The author’s specific adaptation of vertical augmentation mastopexy appears to be very safe and successfully addresses a variety of healing, tension, and exposure concerns mentioned in the literature. Implant isolation may decrease capsular contracture rate. Both Breast-Q survey and Spear’s more specific survey indicate high patient satisfaction.
Use of Acellular Dermal Matrix to Prevent Recurrence of Radioulnar Heterotopic Ossification
Authors: Gould Daniel J. , Rahgozar Paymon , Nagengast Eric S. , Kulber David A. 
Published: June 2019

Summary:
Radioulnar heterotopic ossification is a rare occurrence found in approximately 2% of all forearm injuries. Treatment is complicated by relatively high recurrence rates. Strategies to decrease recurrence have included the range of motion exercises and the interposition of inert or autogenous barriers. We report on the interposition of human acellular dermal matrix (ADM) for the treatment of distal radioulnar synostosis. We report a novel technique for the treatment of distal radioulnar heterotopic ossification. After resection, ADM in a cigar-shaped construct is interposed between the radius and ulna. Patients are followed clinically and radiographically. Two female patients were treated. Both patients had significant improvement in the range of motion in supination and pronation of the affected wrist postoperatively with an average follow-up of 36 months. There were no postoperative complications. Neither patient had recurrent disease. We describe the successful treatment of 2 patients with distal radioulnar heterotopic ossification with the use of human ADM. The ADM provides a barrier between the radius and ulna to prevent the recurrent formation of heterotopic ossification. ADM usage results in no donor site morbidity and is theoretically more resistant to infection when compared with nonbiologic barriers such as silicone and Integra. This technique is a simple, safe, and effective way to treat and prevent the recurrence of radioulnar heterotopic ossification.
Diabetic Ketoacidosis Management in the Emergency Department: Implementation of a Protocol to Reduce Variability and Improve Safety
Authors: Griffey Richard T. , Schneider Ryan M. , Malone Nora , Peterson Charlie , McCammon Craig 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
Emergency departments (EDs) are the primary venue for diagnosis and initiation of treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Typically managed in an intensive care unit (ICU), in many medical centers, limited ICU bed availability necessitates DKA-extended ED management until sufficient improvement for admission to a non-ICU bed. Although DKA treatment is well established, coordinating safe and effective extended care in a busy ED is complex. Recurrent problems in this high-risk transition of care led us to improvement efforts. We studied the impact of a standardizing ED DKA management in two phases: rollout of a DKA pathway in our computerized order entry system followed by audit and feedback. We evaluated adherence, clinical process, operational, and safety measures following these interventions. Adherence to the pathway was initially slow, improving significantly after audit and feedback. We observed mixed improvements in clinical processes, no changes in operational metrics (as expected), and reductions in variability for several measures. There were no deteriorations and improvements in measures of safety, and a reduction in the number of adverse event reports in the postimplementation periods.
A Quality Improvement Approach to External Infliximab Infusions in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Gupta Shivani R. , Crandall Wallace V. , Donegan Amy , Johnson Marci , Drobnic Barbara , Oates Melanie , Boyle Brendan , Maltz Ross M. , Dotson Jennifer L. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTObjectives:We used a quality improvement (QI) approach to improve access and reduce barriers to care by increasing the number of external infliximab infusions at our pediatric inflammatory bowel disease center.Methods:Using an iterative QI strategy, pediatric patients ≥12 years of age with inflammatory bowel disease were offered the opportunity to receive infliximab infusions at home/an external infusion center. They were required to first have >5 infusions at the hospital without any significant infusion reactions. Data were collected and tracked monthly using P‐charts. Comparisons between control chart centerlines were analyzed using the Fisher exact test.Results:Fifty‐four patients received external infusions, 87% had Crohn disease, 63% boys, average age 17.6 ± 2.9 years, and 89% with private insurance. From September 2016 to January 2018, the percentage of eligible patients receiving external infusions was approximately 7%, increasing to approximately 30% by January 2018. A centerline shift, representing a statistically significant change, occurred in October 2016 and June 2017 (P < 0.001). No serious safety concerns have occurred.Conclusions:Through a multidisciplinary team of stakeholders using QI strategies, we now offer external infusion service options to all appropriate patients as routine practice. Home infusions are a viable option to reduce barriers to care, and our patients did not experience any safety events.
Paying Attention to Speech: The Role of Cognitive Capacity and Acquired Experience
Authors: Lambez Bar , Agmon Galit , Har-Shai Paz , Rassovsky Yuri , Golumbic Elana Zion 
Published: June 2019

AbstractManaging attention in multi-speaker environments is a challenging feat that is critical for human performance. However, why some people are better than others in allocating attention appropriately, remains highly unknown. Here we investigated the contribution of two factors – Cognitive Capacity and Acquired Experience – to performance on two different types of Attention task: Selective Attention to one speaker and Distributed Attention among multiple concurrent speakers. We compared performance across three groups: Individuals with low (n=20) and high cognitive capacity (n=26), and Aircraft Pilots (n=25), who have gained extensive experience on both Selective and Distributed attention to speech through their training and profession. Results indicate that both types of Attention benefit from higher Cognitive Capacity, suggesting reliance on common capacity-limited resources. However, only Selective Attention was further improved in the Pilots, pointing to its flexible and trainable nature, whereas Distributed Attention seems to suffer from more fixed and hard-wired processing-bottlenecks.
Influence of genetic polymorphism on transcriptional enhancer activity in the malaria vector Anopheles coluzzii
Authors: Nardini Luisa , Holm Inge , Pain Adrien , Bischoff Emmanuel , Gohl Daryl M , Zongo Soumanaba , Guelbeogo Wamdaogo M. , Sagnon N’Fale , Vernick Kenneth D , Riehle Michelle M 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTEnhancers are cis-regulatory elements that control most of the developmental and spatial gene expression in eukaryotes. Genetic variation of enhancer sequences is known to influence phenotypes, but the effect of enhancer variation upon enhancer functional activity and downstream phenotypes has barely been examined in any species. In the African malaria vector, Anopheles coluzzii, we identified a pilot set of candidate enhancers in the proximity of genes relevant for immunity, insecticide resistance, and development. The candidate enhancers were functionally validated using luciferase reporter assays, and their activity was found to be essentially independent of their physical orientation, a typical property of enhancers. All of the enhancer intervals segregated genetically polymorphic alleles, which displayed significantly different levels of functional activity, and inactive null alleles were also observed. Deletion mutagenesis and functional testing revealed a modular structure of positive and negative regulatory elements within the tested enhancers. The enhancer alleles carry genetic polymorphisms that also segregate in wild A. coluzzii populations in West Africa, indicating that enhancer variants with likely phenotypic consequences are frequent in nature. These results demonstrate the feasibility of screening for naturally polymorphic A. coluzzii enhancers that underlie important aspects of malaria transmission and vector biology.
PI4K2β constrains non-canonical Wnt-PCP signalling and is localised by PAR-1 (MARK2/3) phosphorylation
Authors: Tsang S. M. , Cheng William , Li Jingjing , Green Jeremy B. A. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTCanonical Wnt signalling is critically important in embryonic cell-type specification and cancer, while non-canonical Wnt signalling is primarily implicated in physical morphogenesis, especially planar cell polarity (PCP). Both are modulated by the polarity kinase PAR-1 (MARK2/3). PAR-1 phosphorylates the Wnt transducer Dishevelled, but there is evidence that it exerts control through other targets. Here we describe an in vitro screen for new targets of PAR-1 in which we identified phosphatidyl-inositol-4-kinase-2-beta (PI4K2β) as a substrate. Perturbation phenotypes and reporter assays in vivo show that PI4K2β inhibits both canonical and non-canonical Wnt pathways, in contrast to PI4K2α, which promotes canonical but does not affect non-canonical signalling. We show that PI4K2β acts in Wnt-responding tissue, not in Wnt production or secretion. Subcellularly, PI4K2β is cortically enriched, unlike PI4K2α, and is basolateral in polarised cells. Mutation of the PAR-1 phosphorylation site of PI4K2β mis-localises it and the endogenous core PCP protein, Vangl2. Our results reveal that PAR-1 interacts with the vertebrate PCP signalling pathway via PI4K2β.
The soil microbial community alters patterns of selection on flowering time and fitness related traits in Ipomoea purpurea
Authors: Chaney Lindsay , Baucom Regina S. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTPremise of the studyPlant flowering time plays an important role in plant fitness and thus evolutionary processes. Soil microbial communities are diverse and have a large impact, both positive and negative, on the host plant. However, owing to few available studies, how the soil microbial community may influence the evolutionary response of plant populations is not well understood. Here we sought to uncover if below-ground microbial communities act as an agent of selection on flowering and growth traits in the common morning glory, Ipomoea purpurea.MethodsWe performed a controlled greenhouse experiment in which genetic lines of I. purpurea were planted into either sterilized soils, or soils that were sterilized and re-inoculated with the microbial community from original field soil. This allowed us to directly test the influence of alterations to the microbial community on plant growth, flowering, and fitness, as well as assess patterns of selection in both soil microbial environments.ResultsWe found that a more complex soil microbial community resulted in larger plants that produced more flowers. Selection strongly favored earlier flowering when plants were grown in the complex microbial environment than compared to sterilized soil. Additionally, we uncovered a pattern of negative correlational selection on growth rate and flowering time, indicating that selection favored different combinations of growth and flowering traits in the simplified versus complex soil community.ConclusionsTogether these results suggest the soil microbial community is a selective agent on flowering time and ultimately that soil microbial community influences important plant evolutionary processes.
JARA: ‘Just Another Red-List Assessment’
Authors: Winker Henning , Pacoureau Nathan , Sherley Richard B. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIdentifying species at risk of extinction is necessary to prioritise conservation efforts. The International Union for Conservation of Nature’s (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species is the global standard for quantifying extinction risk, with many species categorised according to population reduction thresholds. We introduce the Bayesian state-space framework ‘JARA’ (Just Another Red-List Assessment). Designed as decision-support tool, JARA allows both process error and uncertainty to be incorporated into IUCN Red List assessments under criterion A. JARA is implemented via an R package that is designed to be easy to use, rapid and widely applicable, so conservation practitioners can apply it to their own count or relative abundance data. JARA outputs display easy to interpret graphics of the posterior probability of the population trend against the corresponding IUCN Red List categories, as well as additional graphics to describe the timeseries and model diagnostics. We illustrate JARA using three real-world examples: (1) relative abundance indices for two elasmobranchs, Yellowspotted SkateLeucoraja wallaceiand Whitespot SmoothhoundMustelus palumbes; (2) a comparison of standardized abundance indices for Atlantic Blue MarlinMakaira nigricansand (3) absolute abundance data for Cape GannetsMorus capensis. Finally, using a simulation experiment, we demonstrate how JARA provides greater accuracy than two approaches commonly used to assigning a Red List Status under criterion A. Tools like JARA can help further standardise Red List evaluations, increasing objectivity and lowering the risk of misclassification, with substantial benefits for global conservation efforts.
A technology-agnostic long-read analysis pipeline for transcriptome discovery and quantification
Authors: Wyman Dana , Balderrama-Gutierrez Gabriela , Reese Fairlie , Jiang Shan , Rahmanian Sorena , Forner Stefania , Matheos Dina , Zeng Weihua , Williams Brian , Trout Diane , England Whitney , Chu Shu-Hui , Spitale Robert C. , Tenner Andrea J. , Wold Barbara J. , Mortazavi Ali 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTAlternative splicing is widely acknowledged to be a crucial regulator of gene expression and is a key contributor to both normal developmental processes and disease states. While cost-effective and accurate for quantification, short-read RNA-seq lacks the ability to resolve full-length transcript isoforms despite increasingly sophisticated computational methods. Long-read sequencing platforms such as Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) and Oxford Nanopore (ONT) bypass the transcript reconstruction challenges of short reads. Here we introduce TALON, the ENCODE4 pipeline for platform-independent analysis of long-read transcriptomes. We apply TALON to the GM12878 cell line and show that while both PacBio and ONT technologies perform well at full-transcript discovery and quantification, each displayed distinct technical artifacts. We further apply TALON to mouse hippocampus and cortex transcriptomes and find that 422 genes found in these regions have more reads associated with novel isoforms than with annotated ones. We demonstrate that TALON is a capable of tracking both known and novel transcript models as well as their expression levels across datasets for both simple studies and in larger projects. These properties will enable TALON users to move beyond the limitations of short-read data to perform isoform discovery and quantification in a uniform manner on existing and future long-read platforms.