Abstract B03: The endochondral bone protein CHM1 sustains an undifferentiated, invasive phenotype promoting lung metastasis in Ewing sarcoma
Authors: Heyking Kristina von , Calzada-Wack Julia , Göllner Stefanie , Schmidt Oxana , Hensel Tim , Schirmer David , Fasan Annette , Müller-Tidow Carsten , Sorensen Poul , Burdach Stefan , Richter Günther H.S. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Background: Ewing sarcoma (ES), an osteogenic malignancy that mainly affects children and young adults, is characterized by early metastasis to lung and bone. In the clinical setting, prognosis for patients with metastatic ES at diagnosis is clearly worse than for those without metastases (5-year survival &gt; 30%). Hence, there is an urgent need to understand the fundamental molecular mechanisms of ES differentiation, invasion, and metastasis to possibly identify novel therapeutic strategies to prevent metastasis. The purpose of this study was to shed further light into the function of Chondromodulin 1 (CHM1) on ES pathogenesis, especially on metastasis, and at best to establish new therapeutic targets.
Material and Methods: Expression of CHM1 was analyzed using microarrays and its function was examined by RNA interference (RNAi). To analyze resulting changes qRT-PCR, ELISA, FACS, IHC, proliferation and invasion assays, as well as a xeno-transplant model in immune deficient mice were applied.
Results: In this study, we investigated the role of the BRICHOS chaperon domain containing endochondral bone protein chondromodulin I (CHM1) in ES pathogenesis. CHM1 is significantly overexpressed in ES and ChIP data demonstrate CHM1 to be directly bound by EWS-FLI1. Using RNA interference we demonstrate that CHM1 enhanced contact-dependent as well as independent proliferation and the invasive potential of ES cells in vitro. This invasiveness was in part mediated via CHM1-regulated MMP9 expression. In a xenograft mouse model CHM1 was essential for the establishment of lung metastases, which is in line with the observed increased CHM1 expression in patient specimens with ES lung metastases. Mechanistically, CHM1 promoted chondrogenic differentiation capacity of ES cells but suppressed endothelial differentiation. Further, CHM1 suppressed the number of TRAP+ osteoclasts in an orthotopic model of tumor growth in line with suppression of osteolytic genes such as HIF1A, IL6, JAG1, and VEGF, indicating that CHM1-blocked osteomimicry might play a role in homing, colonization, and invasion into bone tissues.
Conclusions: Our results suggest that CHM1 is an important player suppressing endothelial differentiation capacity and seems essential for the invasive and metastatic capacities of ES.
Citation Format: Kristina von Heyking, Julia Calzada-Wack, Stefanie Göllner, Oxana Schmidt, Tim Hensel, David Schirmer, Annette Fasan, Carsten Müller-Tidow, Poul Sorensen, Stefan Burdach, Günther H.S. Richter. The endochondral bone protein CHM1 sustains an undifferentiated, invasive phenotype promoting lung metastasis in Ewing sarcoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Conference on Advances in Sarcomas: From Basic Science to Clinical Translation; May 16-19, 2017; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2018;24(2_Suppl):Abstract nr B03.