bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Innovative Forms of Students’ Independent Work in Modern Technical Education
Authors: Zhilina V A , Kuznetsova N V 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Recent social, economic and demographic changes are setting new challenges for public education which require structural changes. A priority task in engineering education is how to train competent personnel who would be capable to quickly respond to labour market demands and willing to engage in life-long learning. The innovative component of the educational process in the new paradigm of higher education says that a student should be encouraged to be independent in learning. In the course of the transition towards a learning framework with a higher focus on independent learning there is a higher demand for face-to-face interaction with the teacher.
The authors argue that independent learning is an integral part of all the subject areas of higher education and that it should be considered as a holistic phenomenon and a complex system. The unique feature behind independent learning is that the student not only gains knowledge of the subject but also develops basic competencies that help his/her adaptation in professional sphere, such as analysis, planning, self-adjustment and self-assessment.
The solution proposed by the authors is to take into account the communication and polydialogue approach when defining the subject of education in the context of the competence- and activity-based paradigms by bringing metacognitive, cognitive, compensation and collaboration learning strategies in independent learning. The authors distinguish two aspects with regard to the above strategies: strategies as an intellectual behaviour of the student aimed at faster and more efficient learning and strategies as ways to process information for better understanding and retainment.
Teaching Communicative Grammar to Technical University EFL Learners
Authors: Baydikova N L , Davidenko Y S 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The paper considers communicative approach to grammar as a means to develop the Technical University EFL learners’ ability to communicate with each other focusing on the language meaning rather than on the form. Although the communicative approach is not ideal, it makes the communication in the classroom natural, thus creating conditions for self-realization, motivation and meaningful language acquisition. The paper establishes principles to be applied when teaching grammar communicatively. They concern two aspects: the grammar material itself and the ways it is taught. Grammar material chosen ought to be relevant to communication in real life situations. Greater attention is to be paid to more frequent and important grammar structures. Teaching methods within the framework of communicative approach to grammar should motivate authentic interpersonal interaction with the priority to fluency over accuracy. To illustrate the principles some communicative grammar activities are presented.
Methodical Aspects of Tourism Research as a Priority Branch of the Region
Authors: Kolesnikova U V 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The article describes the methodological aspects of studying tourism as a branch in order to determine its significance for the economy of the region. The main approaches to the assessment of tourism and tourist-recreational potential of the territory were studied. The main requirements for the assessment methodology, taking into account the peculiarities of the functioning of the tourist sphere, are revealed. The necessity of application the system approach is grounded, according to which the tourism industry is represented as a holistic system, the efficiency of which is determined by the interaction of its individual elements. Features of the proposed methodology are to assess the degree of activation of factors and the effectiveness of subsystems of the tourism industry. The final conclusion about the priority of tourism for the economy of the region is made on the basis of the value of the integral indicator - the intensity factor of all elements of the industry.
A New Generation of Sustainable Structural Concretes – Design Approach and Material Properties
Authors: Müller H S , Moffatt J S , Haist M , Vogel M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Sustainable concretes, also termed eco-concretes or green concretes, produced with a significantly reduced cement content provide a promising alternative for improving concrete sustainability without using supplementary cementitious materials, such as fly ash or slag. However, the production of such eco-concretes is a challenge in view of concrete technology and concrete properties. In particular, new design concepts as well as new admixtures have to be developed and applied to produce concretes with a cement clinker content of approx. 100 kg/m3 while keeping the concrete performance on a level similar to ordinary structural concrete of today.
To evaluate the sustainability of these new types of concretes not only the very low ecological impact due to the composition may be regarded, but in addition also their technical performance, i.e. their mechanical, physical and chemical properties have to be taken into consideration.
This contribution firstly gives an overview on sustainable approaches for concrete structures, further introduces the Building Material Sustainability Potential as an index, which is applied in combination with the service life prediction for cement-reduced concretes using full probabilistic methods. The composition of these particular structural concretes is discussed and related test results for their performance are presented. The contribution closes with an introduction to graded concrete structures as an innovative approach for the improvement of concrete sustainability on a structural level and presents testing results for mechanical and durability properties of graded bending beams.
The paper at hand extends the information given in [1] by looking more closely at the performance of graded concrete structures and here in particular by considering concretes produced from intermixing two concrete types (i.e. eco-concrete and UHPC) in the fresh state.
Large Scale Urban Developments in Austria – Challenges and Opportunities Based on Two Case Study Examples
Authors: Österreicher D , Treberspurg M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
As urban densification is on the rise and the population of cities are increasing, strategies for eco-friendly urban development plans are needed in order to ensure the long-term sustainable growth of our cities. Quality of life and socio-economic considerations are in this context equally important as environmental factors such as energy efficiency, resilience and a future proof mobility concept. Especially large scale urban developments require long-term planning as the actual implementation phase can take decades for completion and advances in technology can significantly change over time. However these developments offer the unique opportunity for research and innovation, as accompanying studies can support the projects throughout the whole life cycle ranging from planning to implementation and monitoring during operation. To discuss the challenges and opportunities of large scale urban development projects, two Austrian case studies, that differ in time, scale and overall context have been selected: The solarCity Linz in the county of Upper Austria and the Aspern Seestadt in the City of Vienna.
The Biophilic Power and Environmental Urgency of Earthen Construction
Authors: Ben-Alon L , Loftness V , Harries K A , Hameen E C 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The built environment must meet the highest demands of human habitation, resource management and community enrichment. To achieve these goals, modern built environments should adopt restorative environmental and biophilic design principles which seek to reconnect the human built environment with nature. In this paper, the biophilic aspects and environmental benefits of earthen construction are assessed and compared to conventional construction in order to demonstrate the tangible and intangible benefits of earthen materials. Specifically, the synergies between biophilic design attributes and earthen construction are elaborated, characterizing the ecological, health, and community collaboration advantages that earthen structures provide. Subsequently, the results of an environmental Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of earthen building materials from cradle to gate enumerate the environmental preferability of earthen materials over conventional materials.
Alternative Sands as Substitute for Natural Sand for the Construction Sector
Authors: Boehme L , Depoortere A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
While the need for sand in the construction sector is increasing, natural sand becomes scarce. On the other hand, several sand-like fractions out of industrial residues become available. This paper focusses on the potential use of these “alternative sands” as substitute for natural sand in the construction sector. The investigation included the study of the properties of alternative sands and a market research. In order to determine the properties, standard tests were performed such as the determination of the particle size distribution, the fineness modulus, the methylene blue test, determination of the density and the water-absorption. The particle size distribution of several fine recycled aggregates and of other fine fractions, derived from different producers, were compared to each other and to natural sand. This was to how alternative sands relate to natural sand and more specifically if they can be compared to natural sand and if they match the requirements of use of sand in constructional applications set by the standards and the standard specifications for road construction SB250. As a result, an overview table is made with the potential applications for each type of sand.
Demolition-and-Reconstruction or Renovation? Towards a Protocol for the Assessment of the Residual Life of Existing RC Buildings
Authors: Casprini E , Passoni C , Belleri A , Marini A , Bartoli G , Riva P 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
When is demolition mandatory? To date there is a lack of specific tools and protocols enabling a rigorous scientific assessment of the deterioration level of existing structures, guiding the choice between the real possibility of renovation or the unavoidable need of demolition. In the present paper, an attempt is made to develop a protocol suitable to assess the actual capacity of existing structures and predict their future behaviour based on inspection and diagnosis of the building. The potential benefit of such a tool is to help detecting the best intervention strategy making the renovation process more sustainable and efficient. Toward this perspective, a critical analysis and comparison of literature models on the residual capacity of structural elements has already been carried out by the authors. The assessment of the preservation state is herein further extended to the overall structural level, by proposing a new approach relating the performance of deteriorated elements over time to the behaviour of the whole structural system.
3-D Printing in Building Construction: A Literature Review of Opportunities and Challenges of Reducing Life Cycle Energy and Carbon of Buildings
Authors: Dixit M K 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Buildings consume approximately 48% of global energy each year as embodied and operating energy. Embodied energy is consumed in all products and processes used in building construction, maintenance, replacement, renovation and demolition. Operating energy is consumed in heating, cooling, lighting, and operating building equipment. To effectively reduce life cycle energy usage, both embodied and operating energy must be optimized. However, in spite of advancements in building envelope technologies, building systems/controls, building energy modelling, and material production, the energy and carbon footprint of buildings is still enormous. Perhaps, a new paradigm is needed to transform the way our buildings are designed and constructed. One emerging technology that could possibly help bring this paradigm shift is 3-D printing or additive manufacturing. Although, its application to mainstream construction is yet to be tested, it surely demonstrates energy and carbon benefits through innovative materials and construction processes. In this paper, we conduct a systematic review of literature to study the state of the art of 3-D printing or additive manufacturing in building construction. The goal will be to identify challenges and opportunities of saving operating and embodied energy and show future research directions to use 3-D printing technologies for energy optimization.
Laboratory Concrete Specimens Waste, a Case Study on Life Cycle Assessment
Authors: Han A L , Setiawan H , Hajek P 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Material laboratories generally receive extensive amounts of concrete specimens for testing purposes. The tested specimen rises an environmental issue from the point of view of material waste accumulation. A study at the material laboratory was conducted, resulting in a database of daily concrete waste deposited at the landside, and the predicted increase trends based on a one-decade period of data collection. Based on these data, the emission of CO2 resulting from these test samples was evaluated, and a life cycle assessment plan was designed through impact assessment and interpretation of results. Practical solutions for a cradle-to-cradle and cradle-to-gate approach were explored, implemented and evaluated.
Using TRC as an Environmentally Effective Alternative for Subtle Elements of Railway Furniture
Authors: Laiblova L , Vlach T , Hajek P , Hajek K , Vanek A , Repka J 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This paper presents the possibilities of an innovative and aesthetic solution of furniture from concrete for railway stations. At present, the railways in the Czech Republic undergo significant changes. Due to automation and centralization there is a lot of stations without permanent staff. Thus the need for railway station furniture, that exhibits considerable resistance to damage during the intense operation and deliberate vandalism, is raising. Currently, the most used material is metal. Such equipment is expensive and requires constant maintenance. Current concrete furniture is too massive, heavy and usually has a lack of aesthetic or architectonic appearance. The paper presents some results of research and development of the new, modern solution based on the use of concrete to form aesthetic furniture elements, while saving consumption of concrete and maintaining the required parameters and dealing with deliberate destruction. Reduction of concrete as a second most used material is one of the key factor of this solution focusing sustainability goals. This paper thus also presents the environmental analysis and comparison with standard solution.
Catalogue of Construction Products with Recycled Content from Construction and Demolition Waste
Authors: Pavlů T , Pešta J , Volf M , Lupíšek A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The main objective of the present project for the Czech government was to create a catalogue of construction products and materials which contain recycled content from construction and demolition waste. The motivation for the work was to support a higher utilization of construction products with the content of secondary raw materials in the Czech Republic. It was designed for architects, designers, civil engineers, construction contractors and public and private investors. The catalogue provides an overview of products with recycled content, a list of valid requirements on the utilization of recycled materials listed in standards and legislation. Examples of good practice are presented to break the existing psychologic barriers to the use of secondary raw materials in the Czech construction industry. This contribution summarizes the findings in the field of the recycling of construction and demolition waste and its further use as produced secondary raw materials in the construction industry.
Fire Protection of Steel Structures by Low Pressure Water Mist in Large-Scale Fire Test
Authors: Pokorný M , Eliáš M , Kregl F 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Water mist extinguishing systems are becoming more popular due to their much higher fire-fighting efficiency at lower water consumption compared to conventional sprinklers. The article focuses on the possibility of further utilization in a form of cooling structures and presents the results of a research in the area of low-pressure water mist and the development of a new low-pressure water mist cooling system. It also introduces a new possible direction for application of cooling steel structures or their surroundings in order to increase fire resistance of steel structures. To verify the cooling effects of low-pressure water mist, a large-scale fire test with a model of steel roof construction was carried out in a room with dimensions of 4.0 × 4.0 × 2.0 m. The fire test was conducted in two scenarios. The first scenario is a reference test without application of water mist, where temperatures of the burning room and steel structures are monitored. Compared to the first scenario, the second scenario includes the use of low-pressure water mist protection of the steel structure model at the time of full fire development.
Financing Renewables while Implementing Energy Efficiency Measures through Consumer Stock Ownership Plans (CSOPs) - The H2020 Project SCORE
Authors: Lowitzsch J 
Published: June 2019

AbstractConsumer (co-)ownership in renewable energy (RE) has proved successful in engaging consumers in financing RE, thus becoming “prosumers” which in turn induced positive behavioural changes in energy consumption. Providing a collective low threshold financing mechanism for RE the Horizon 2020 project SCORE implements “Consumer Stock Ownership Plans” (CSOPs) in three pilot projects in the Czech Republic (City of Litoměřice), Poland (City of Słupsk) and Italy (Susa Valley).Additionally SCORE seeks to respond to the European Buildings Initiative (part of COM(2016) 860 final “Clean Energy For All Europeans”) and in particular to the challenge to develop flexible energy efficiency (EE) and RE financing platforms at national or regional level targeting grants towards vulnerable consumers as laid out in its annex. In this context EE projects for blocks of flats can be a lever for consumer owned RE projects where the installation costs partly overlap with EE measures as for example insulation of rooftops and installation of rooftop PV systems. These EE projects typically qualify for subsidies to financing EE improvement of flats and municipal buildings and thus can cross subsidize also the investment in micro RE installations.This paper demonstrates synergies between EE measures and RE investments via CSOP-financing in blocks of flats in Poland and the Czech Republic. Empirical evidence from Germany backs these effects of consumer co-ownership. Preferential conditions for Renewable Energy Communities under the 2018 recast of the Renewable Energy Directive (RED II) will support such schemes in the future.
Multiscalarity in International Sustainable Assessment Systems: A Qualitative Comparison of LEED, CASBEE, BREEAM, DGNB and ESTIDAMA on Building, Neighbourhood and City Scale
Authors: Orova M , Reith András 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Sustainable assessment systems have been developed for evaluating different scales of the built environment (building, neighbourhood and city). Multiple scale assessments are necessary as only their coexistence can allow recognition of the environmental, social and economic sustainability of the whole built environment. The integration of assessments of different scales can provide efficient methods and better synergies in the urban fabric. This paper analyses the different scales of the most widespread systems (LEED, BREEAM, CASBEE, DGNB, Estidama) and attempts to define how the indicator systems on different scales relate to each other by comparison on four levels (general, category, index and indicator). The results show that the different scales of an assessment scheme mainly work as individual certification systems, but there are strong connections between building and neighbourhood systems. The comparison indicates that the city scale assessments have the most different characteristics, mainly because building and neighbourhood scale contains prescriptive measures that require action, while the city scale has descriptive indicators that monitor the status of the city. Based on the conclusions, options for further studies includes comparison of building systems for operation phase and city systems; a further analysis of indicator scale connectivity for determining the quality and quantity of system integrations between the three scales.
Possibilities of Using Modern Technologies and Creation of the Current Project Documentation Leading to the Optimal Management of the Building for Sustainable Development
Authors: Prušková K , Dědič M , Kaiser J 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Nowadays, we use many of the modern technologies to make the optimal design of new buildings. Building Information Modeling Technology offers state-of-the-art solutions that allow the design of a building to create in many variants a realistically time-consuming development process and, by virtue of an almost fully automatic assessment of the variants, choose the most appropriate one according to the required criteria. Such a design of the building assumes its optimal behavior according to the criteria required by the investor, the user and other stakeholders, but also helps to keep the construction towards the sustainable development goals. There are many existing buildings that have obsolete properties. The management and durability of such buildings is very costly. Such buildings should be refurbished to meet the properties and imitations of new building behavior. 3D scanning technology goes hand in hand with the building sector digitization and outputs from 3D scanning technology serves as a useful basis for further working with data using BIM technology. This paper outlines the possibilities of creation of basics for current documentation with graphical information of these buildings and how it may serve for evaluation of possible options for repairs and reconstructions through the whole building lifecycle and further use in facility management.
Cost Estimation in BIM for Transportation Constructions in Czech Republic
Authors: Vitasek S , Zak J 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Detailed and precise drafts of competition are key to successful BIM implementation in Czech localization, as they are used for creating BIM model and they are further worked with. This can only be ensured by specifications in contract – as far as information model and Cost management (CM) are concerned, the specifications required are data appointment and Execution plan of building information modeling which both should be included in contract. The data defined in these documents carry great potential for further use within building information modeling, realization and operation, and they have not yet been used to full extent of their potential. This paper explores what should be included in the above suggested key documents from CM point of view and also what is the current level of construction documentation in transportation engineering in the Czech Republic.