bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Implementation of TCP Vegas by UsingA Fuzzy-Threshold Base Algorithm to Improve Performance of Optical Networks
Authors: Poorzare Reza , Abedidarabad Siamak 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
There is a misunderstanding in Optical Burst Switching (OBS) networks about the congestion status in the network that can cause a reduction in the performance of the networks. OBS networks are bufferless in their nature so when a burst drop happens in the network it can be because of the congestion or contention in the network but TCP cannot distinguish it is due to the congestion or contention. TCP wrongly decreases the congestion window size (cwnd) and causes significant reduction of the network performance. In this paper we are trying to employ a new algorithm by using fuzzy logic and some thresholds to divide the network into several areas then we can solve the problem. This new scheme can help us to distinguish a burst drop is because of the congestion or a burst contention in the network. Extensive simulative studies show that the proposed algorithm outperforms TCP Vegas in terms of throughput and packet delivery count.
Prenatal diagnosis, associated findings and postnatal outcome of fetuses with double outlet right ventricle (DORV) in a single center
Authors: Gottschalk Ingo , Abel Judith S. , Menzel Tina , Herberg Ulrike , Breuer Johannes , Gembruch Ulrich , Geipel Annegret , Brockmeier Konrad , Berg Christoph , Strizek Brigitte 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Objective
To assess the spectrum of associated anomalies, the intrauterine course, postnatal outcome and management of fetuses with double outlet right ventricle (DORV).

Methods
All cases of DORV diagnosed prenatally over a period of 8 years were retrospectively collected in a single tertiary referral center. All additional prenatal findings were assessed and correlated with the outcome. The accuracy of prenatal diagnosis was assessed.

Results
Forty-six cases of DORV were diagnosed prenatally. The mean gestational age at first diagnosis was 21+4 weeks (range, 13–37). A correct prenatal diagnosis of DORV was made in 96.3% of the cases. If the relation of the great arteries, the position of the ventricular septal defect (VSD) and additional cardiac anomalies are taken into account, the prenatal diagnosis was correct in 92.6% of the cases. One case was postnatally classified as transposition of the great arteries with subpulmonary VSD and was excluded from further analysis. A total of 41 (91.1%) fetuses with DORV had major additional cardiac anomalies, 30 (66.7%) had extracardiac anomalies and 13 (28.9%) had chromosomal or syndromal anomalies. Due to their complex additional anomalies, five (11.1%) of our 45 fetuses had multiple malformations and were highly suspicious for non-chromosomal genetic syndromes, although molecular diagnosis could not be provided. Disorders of laterality occurred in 10 (22.2%) fetuses. There were 17 terminations of pregnancy (37.8%), two (4.4%) intrauterine and seven (15.6%) postnatal deaths. Nineteen of 22 (86.4%) live-born children with an intention to treat were alive at last follow-up. The mean follow-up among survivors was 32 months (range, 2–72). Of 21 children who had already undergone postnatal surgery, eight (38.1%) achieved biventricular repair and 13 (61.9%) received univentricular palliation. One recently born child is still waiting for surgery. All children predicted prenatally to need a single ventricle palliation, and all children predicted to achieve biventricular repair, ultimately received the predicted type of surgery. After surgery, 14 of 18 (77.8%) children were healthy without any impairment.

Conclusion
DORV is a rare and often complex cardiac anomaly that can be diagnosed prenatally with high precision. DORV is frequently associated with major additional anomalies, leading to a high intrauterine and postnatal loss rate due to terminations or declined postnatal therapy. Without additional anomalies, the prognosis is good, although approximately 60% of children will have single ventricle palliation.
High optical magnetism of dodecahedral plasmonic meta-atoms
Authors: Many Véronique , Dézert Romain , Duguet Etienne , Baron Alexandre , Jangid Vikas , Ponsinet Virginie , Ravaine Serge , Richetti Philippe , Barois Philippe , Tréguer-Delapierre Mona 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The generation in artificial composites of a magnetic response to light, comparable in magnitude with the natural electric response, may offer an invaluable control parameter for a fine steering of light at the nanoscale. In many experimental realizations, however, the magnetic response of artificial meta-atoms is too weak so that there is a need for new designs with increased magnetic polarizability. Numerical simulations show that geometrical plasmonic nanostructures based on Platonic solids are excellent candidates for the production of strong optical magnetism in visible light. Inspired by these models, we report a bottom-up approach to synthesize plasmonic nanoclusters made of 12 gold patches located at the center of the faces of a dodecahedron. The scattering of the electric and magnetic dipole induced by light is measured across the whole visible range. The ratio of the magnetic to electric response at resonance is found three times higher than its counterpart measured on disordered plasmonic clusters (“plasmonic raspberries”) of the same size. Numerical simulations confirm the experimental measurements of the magnetic response.
Making and breaking of phosphorus–phosphorus bonds
Authors: Grell Toni , Yufanyi Divine Mbom , Adhikari Anup Kumar , Sárosi Menyhárt-Botond , Lönnecke Peter , Hey-Hawkins Evamarie 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
In contrast to their mostly unstable isolobal carbon counterparts, oligophosphanide anions, such as M(cyclo-P5

t
Bu4) (M=Li, Na) and M2(P4R4) [M=Na, K; R=Ph,
t
Bu, 2,4,6-Me3C6H2 (Mes)], have unique features, depending on their composition and structure, and are highly suitable building blocks for the synthesis of phosphorus-rich metal compounds. However, alkali metal oligophosphanediides are highly reactive and highly reducing, and a major problem is their tendency for disproportionation in reactions with electrophiles. This, however, can also give rise to a fascinating chemistry of making and breaking of P–P bonds. On the other hand, neutral cyclooligophosphines, such as cyclo-(P5Ph5), are suitable stable ligands for the formation of phosphorus-rich metal complexes.
Prediction of Wear Behavior in Porous Sintered Steels: Artificial Neural Network Approach
Authors: Abdoos Hassan , Tayebi Ahmad , Bayat Meysam 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Due to the increasing usage of powder metallurgy (PM), there is a demand to evaluate and improve the mechanical properties of PM parts. One of the most important mechanical properties is wear behavior, especially in parts that are in contact with each other. Therefore, the choice of materials and select manufacturing parameters are very important to achieve proper wear behavior. So, prediction of wear resistance is important in PM parts. In this paper, we try to investigate and predict the wear resistance (volume loss) of PM porous steels according to the affecting factors such as: density, force and sliding distance by artificial neural network (ANN). ANN training was done by a multilayer perceptron procedure. The comparison of the results estimated by the ANN with the experimental data shows their proper matching. This issue confirms the efficiency of using method for prediction of wear resistance in PM steel parts.
New Chances for the Masteralloy Approach
Authors: de Oro Calderon Raquel , Jaliliziyaeian Maryam , Dunkley John , Gierl-Mayer Christian , Danninger Herbert 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe Masteralloy (MA) alloying route has a great potential for reducing the alloying costs in sintered steels, while allowing the introduction of innovative alloying systems. However, in order to achieve an efficient use of the alloying elements, the particle sizes needed are often below 25 µm, which means that for standard gas atomization a significant fraction of the batch has to be discarded or at least recycled. This work evaluates the performance of steels containing MA powders obtained with a novel atomization technique (Ultra-High-Pressure Water atomization) that allows the production of low-cost powders with low oxygen contents, rounded morphologies and mean particle sizes as low as 6 microns. Mechanical properties, dimensional variations and interstitial contents were measured in steels containing different MA compositions sintered at either 1120 °C or1250 ºC in N2-5H2atmospheres. Already with less than 3 wt.% of alloying elements these steels present excellent combinations of properties, reaching strength levels of 560-915 MPa and hardness 220-260 HV10, combined with elongations of 1.3-3.2% and impact energies around 20-30 J/cm2.
Novel High-Performance CVD Coatings for Machining Applications
Authors: Haubner R. , Rauchenwald E. , Lessiak M. , Pitonak R. , Weissenbacher R. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractInvestigations of hard and wear resistant materials have a long tradition to increase the performance and profitability of machining applications. The evolution started with WC-Co hardmetal alloys, which were produced by PM technology, followed by CVD coatings on hardmetal tools. The first CVD coatings applied were TiC, TiN and Al2O3. The properties of these coatings could be optimized by varying the crystal size, crystal orientation but also combination of the materials in multilayer systems. Nowadays, about 85% of all hardmetal tools are coated.During the last years, driven by PVD coatings showing good performance (e.g. TiAlN), the search for new CVD coatings was intensified. Medium temperature (MT) CVD processes for TiCN allowed the deposition of TiCN crystals with different composition side by side. Due to this microstructure the adhesion between single layers in new multilayer coatings like TiN/MT-TiCN/Al2O3/TiN could be increased. Novel (Ti,Al)N coatings were developed, showing a nanolamellae microstructure consisting of self-assembled (Ti,Al)N with different composition.For the future there is still plenty to investigate. The already existing coatings and coating systems have to be optimized for the various machining applications. To find new types of CVD coatings, we look for chemical reactions practicable for its use in CVD equipment.
An overview of health hazards of volatile organic compounds regulated as indoor air pollutants
Authors: Tsai Wen-Tien 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Indoor air quality (IAQ) standards and guidelines for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been stipulated by various national and international agencies. The main purpose of this paper is to establish an overview of indoor VOCs regarding their impacts on human health. Herein, 13 VOCs were designated as indoor air pollutants (IAPs) in the IAQ standards and guidelines. They were further grouped into four types: nonchlorinated aromatic compounds, chlorinated aromatic compounds, chlorinated aliphatic compounds and aldehydes. For this purpose, the present study discusses the criteria for designating VOCs, and summarizes their main sources in indoor environments. Because the occupational exposure limit (OEL) in workplaces has often used as a preliminary basis for establishing acceptable health-based IAQ guidelines in buildings and residences, this paper thus reviews the OEL values, especially in the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)-threshold limit value (TLV). In addition, this paper also reviews the information about the classification of carcinogenicity in human by the international agencies for these VOCs. It shows that human tissues, including kidney, liver, leukemia, nasal cavity, paranasal sinus, liver and bile duct, could be more involved in the development of cancers or tumors when people are exposed to these VOCs through inhalation route in buildings over a long period of time.
Photoluminescence, Third-Order Nonlinear Optical and DFT Studies of Hydrazonium L-Tartrate – Combined Experimental and Theoretical Studies
Authors: Kannan Vadivelu , Karthick Subramani , Brahadeeswaran Srinivasan 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Isothermal solvent evaporation method was employed to grow Undeuterated Hydrazonium L-tartrate (HLT) single crystals using water:methanol (5:1) solution as a solvent. The proton and carbon positions of HLT have been revealed by 1H and 13C NMR spectrum, respectively. The energy emission behaviour of HLT were analysed by photoluminescence spectrum. The nonlinear refractive index (n2), nonlinear absorption coefficient (β) and third order nonlinear susceptibility (χ
3) of HLT single crystal were determined by adapting Z-scan technique. Quantum chemical calculations on HLT was carried out by DFT using B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) basis set. The predicted first hyperpolarizability of HLT is found to be 1.09 times greater than that of urea and suggests that HLT could be an attractive material for NLO applications. The predicted HOMO-LUMO energies of HLT confirmed that charge transfers occur within the molecule. The molecular bond strength and stability of the title compound were analysed by employing NBO analysis. The other molecular properties such as Mulliken atomic charge, ESP map, thermodynamic functions and perturbation theory energy have also been investigated. These investigations have been carried out for the first time, to the best our knowledge, in order to study the nonlinear optical properties of HLT and to enhance its usefulness for NLO applications.
Thermal and Rheological Study of Nanocomposites, Reinforced with Bi-Phase Ceramic Nanoparticles
Authors: Khattak Noor Saeed , Ahmad Arbab Safeer , Shah Luqman Ali , Ara Latafat , Farooq Muhammad , Sohail Muhammad , Kader Safaa I. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
In this study the synthesis of bi-phase nanoparticles of Fe1.46Zn0.5La0.04Cu0.5O4 (FZLCs) ceramics were first carried out by Sol-gel method and then nanocomposites of FZLCs with polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) were prepared by one-pot blending technique. XRD, FT-IR, TG/DTA and SEM techniques were applied for complete characterization of composites. Rheological and dielectric properties of all nanocomposites were studied in detail for their comparative performance. TGA results reveal the highly thermal stability for all nanocomposites in this order i.e. FLZCs/PEO > FLZCs/PVA > FZLCs/PVP > FZLCs/PEG. Rheological properties show that these materials are rigid, pseudo plastic and non-Newtonian in nature. The increase in values for storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G′′) with increasing angular frequency owed to the shear thinning behavior of these nanocomposites. Dielectric properties show good agreement to that of energy storage substances which means that these materials have potential to be applied in storage devices.
Structural and Optical Properties of Multilayer Heterostructure of CdTe/CdSe Thin Films
Authors: Majid Farzana , Malik Abdul , Ata Sadia , Hussain Zaheer , Bibi Ismat , Iqbal Munawar , Rafay Muhammad , Rizvi Hina 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
CdTe/CdSe multilayer heterostructures thin films were prepared by thermal evaporation method. The CdTe/CdSe layers deposited on glass substrate and effects of annealing temperature on optical and structural properties of thin films were investigated. The XRD analysis revealed that CdTe and CdSe were in cubic (111) and hexagonal (100) forms. By increasing the annealing temperature, intensity of XRD peaks increased for multilayer heterostructures. Band alignment in heterostructures of CdTe/CdSe was of type II. Energy band gaps values for CdTe/CdSe multilayer heterostructures increased with respect to bulk compounds. During emission, red and blue shifts are observed in visible region in photoluminescence spectrum of CdTe/CdSe samples. Due to better crystallinity of multilayer thin film, 1LO, 2LO and 3LO phonon modes were observed in Raman spectrum.
Reactor Dosimetry: 16th International Symposium
Authors: Sparks Mary Helen , DePriest K. Russell , Vehar David W. 
Published: December 2018

Description
Get the latest information on databases, benchmark studies, techniques, and standardization of radiation metrology and regulatory information related to reactor dosimetry.
Learn more about modern technologies used in radiation imaging and the development of radiation instrumentation. Plus you’ll get over 50 peer-reviewed papers covering related new work in
Researchers, educators, manufacturers, regulators, and industry and utilities workers will benefit from this important research presented at the Sixteenth International Symposium on Reactor Dosimetry (ISRD) held in May 2017.
Cross-Modal Competition: The Default Computation for Multisensory Processing
Authors: Yu Liping , Cuppini Cristiano , Xu Jinghong , Rowland Benjamin A. , Stein Barry E. 
Published: December 2018

Mature multisensory superior colliculus (SC) neurons integrate information across the senses to enhance their responses to spatiotemporally congruent cross-modal stimuli. The development of this neurotypic feature of SC neurons requires experience with cross-modal cues. In the absence of such experience the response of an SC neuron to congruent cross-modal cues is no more robust than its response to the most effective component cue. This “default” or “naive” state is believed to be one in which cross-modal signals do not interact. The present results challenge this characterization by identifying interactions between visual-auditory signals in male and female cats reared without visual-auditory experience. By manipulating the relative effectiveness of the visual and auditory cross-modal cues that were presented to each of these naive neurons, an active competition between cross-modal signals was revealed. Although contrary to current expectations, this result is explained by a neuro-computational model in which the default interaction is mutual inhibition. These findings suggest that multisensory neurons at all maturational stages are capable of some form of multisensory integration, and use experience with cross-modal stimuli to transition from their initial state of competition to their mature state of cooperation. By doing so, they develop the ability to enhance the physiological salience of cross-modal events thereby increasing their impact on the sensorimotor circuitry of the SC, and the likelihood that biologically significant events will elicit SC-mediated overt behaviors.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe present results demonstrate that the default mode of multisensory processing in the superior colliculus is competition, not non-integration as previously characterized. A neuro-computational model explains how these competitive dynamics can be implemented via mutual inhibition, and how this default mode is superseded by the emergence of cooperative interactions during development.
Field-Effect Mobility and Morphology Study in Amorphous Films of Symmetric and Unsymmetrical Spiro-Linked Compounds
Authors: Saragi Tobat P. I. , Pudzich Robert , Fuhrmann Thomas , Salbeck Josef 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe have investigated the field-effect mobility of three kinds of low molecular weight spirolinked compounds, namely 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis (diphenylamino)-9,9'-spirobifluorene (spiro-TAD), 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis(biphenyl-4-yl)-9,9'-spirobifluorene (spiro-6φ) and 2,7-bis-(N,N-diphenylamino)- 2',7'-bis-(biphenyl-4-yl)-9,9'-spirobifluorene (spiro-X2). The field-effect mobilities of these materials in the saturation region are 8 x 10-4 cm2V-1s-1, 5 x 10-5 cm2V-1s-1 and 4 x 10-4 cm2V-1s-1 respectively. The atomic force microscopy images show that films prepared from these materials are amorphous with a very smooth surface and the limited field-effect mobility is due to the intrinsic behaviour of amorphous materials.
Anomalous Temperature Dependence of Solvent-Enhanced Dye Diffusion In Polymer Films
Authors: Graves-Abe T. , Pschenitzka F. , Sturm J.C. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractOne promising method to pattern full color polymer Organic Light-Emitting Diode (OLED) displays is to print dye from a pre-patterned organic film onto a spin-cast polymer and then diffuse the dye into the film at room temperature in a solvent vapor environment. This method utilizes the well-known tendency for a polymer film to absorb solvent vapor, which depresses the glass transition temperature of the polymer and dramatically increases diffusion the dye. In this work, we have studied the temperature dependence of this process. The dye coumarin 6 (C6) was transferred onto films consisting of 2-(4-biphenylyl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)- 1,3,4-oxadiazole (PBD) mixed with the polymer poly(9-vinylcarbazole) (PVK). Samples were then placed on a heated stage in a chamber and exposed to acetone vapor to diffuse the C6 into the polymer film. The profile of the diffused dye was determined by depthdependent photoluminescence measurements and Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy. We observed that the amount of diffused dye decreased at higher temperatures, in contrast to conventional thermally-driven diffusion. The results are understood by noting that the decrease in the polymer glass-transition temperature and the corresponding rapid increase in dye diffusivity depend on the quantity of solvent absorbed by the polymer, which decreases as the temperature of the polymer is raised.
Dopant Pairing in a Molecular Semiconductor
Authors: Branz Howard M. , Gregg Brian A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractRecent doping experiments in n-type perylene diimide (PPEEB) semiconducting thin films showed an unexpected quadratic dependence of electrical conductivity upon dopant molecule concentration. We propose that singly-ionized dopant pairs outnumber ionized unpaired dopants and dominate conductivity. Random association into dopant pairs during spin coating then explains the quadratic dependence. Classical calculations confirm that dopant pairing reduces the binding energy of the easiest-to-ionize electron. Our model agrees with the measured conductivity activation energy and magnitude, assuming typical electron mobility in the crystal. The random distribution of dopants implies their distribution cannot equilibrate during the spincoating process.
The influence of the microstructure upon the photovoltaic performance of MDMOPPV: PCBM bulk hetero-junction organic solar cells
Authors: Martens T. , D'Haen J. , Munters T. , Goris L. , Beelen Z. , Manca J. , D'Olieslaeger M. , Vanderzande D. , Schepper L. De , Andriessen R. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this paper, a clear view on the bulk microstructure of MDMO-PPV:PCBM blends as used in bulk hetero-junction organic solar cells is obtained by means of TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy). Using TEM, 3-dimensional information is acquired on phase separated regions, formed during casting. Particle statistics illustrate quantitatively that a.o. drying conditions and choice of solvent dramatically influence the blend structure. More information about the lateral blend structure and distribution is obtained in cross-sectional view. Since blend morphology is strongly related to photovoltaic performance, TEM can be a powerful tool for understanding today's photovoltaic performances and screening new sets of materials.