bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of patients on dual antiplatelet therapy post‐coronary stenting following emergency noncardiac surgery
Authors: Irie Hiromasa , Kawai Keiko , Otake Takanao , Shinjo Yasutaka , Kuriyama Akira , Yamashita Shigeki 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundThe outcomes of patients on dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) post‐coronary stenting following emergency noncardiac surgery remain unclear.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included patients on DAPT post‐coronary stenting who underwent emergency noncardiac surgery within 24 hours of diagnosis from April 2007 to March 2018 where DAPT was discontinued within <5 days for aspirin and 7 days for P2Y12 inhibitors. Our primary outcome was 180‐day mortality in these patients. We investigated factors associated with bleeding within 180 days after surgery as our secondary outcome and exploratorily examined factors affecting 180‐day mortality.ResultsOf 62,528 patients who underwent any surgery under general anaesthesia during the 11‐year study period, 133 patients (0.22% of all and 1.41% of emergency surgical patients) were analysed. Among the eligible patients, 180‐day mortality was 9.8% (13/133). Eighteen patients (13.5%) developed bleeding within 180 days after surgery, which was the most common post‐operative complication. Restarting antiplatelet agents <2 days post‐operatively (OR, 4.51; 95% CI, 1.56‐13.0; P = 0.005) and stent implantation at bifurcation lesions before surgery (OR, 3.28; 95% CI, 1.07‐10.1; P = 0.04) were associated with post‐operative bleeding. Patients on haemodialysis had the worse prognosis (hazard ratio, 5.73; 95% CI, 1.87‐17.5; P = 0.002) in terms of 180‐day mortality.ConclusionThe 180‐day mortality following emergency noncardiac surgery was approximately 10% in patients on DAPT post‐coronary stenting. Restarting antiplatelet agents earlier than 2 days post‐operatively and coronary stenting at bifurcation lesions were associated with bleeding within 180 days after surgery.
Cognitive behavioral rehabilitation for bipolar disorder patients: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gomes Bernardo C. , Rocca Cristiana C. , Belizario Gabriel O. , de B. F. Fernandes Francy , Valois Iolanda , Olmo Giselle C. , Fachin Raquel V. P. , Farhat Luís C. , Lafer Beny 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectivesBipolar disorder is frequently associated with cognitive impairment even during euthymia. Previous studies have reported significant impairments in functional and quality of life outcomes and a possible relationship between these variables and cognitive performance. Cognitive rehabilitation interventions have been proposed to address these outcomes but positive results are still scarce. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the efficacy of a new intervention developed to address both cognitive and functional impairment.MethodsThirty‐nine individuals were included in this randomized controlled trial. All participants were evaluated by the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) and completed functional and quality of life (QOL) scales. Patients were randomized to either treatment as usual (TAU) or Cognitive Behavior Rehabilitation (CBR), an add‐on treatment delivered in 12 weekly group sessions. All individuals were revaluated after 12 weeks.ResultsA total of 39 bipolar type I or II patients were included in the analysis, 19 in the TAU group and 20 in the CBR condition. At the entrance of the study, both groups were statistically similar regarding clinical, socio‐demographics and cognitive variables. After the end of the intervention, CBR individuals had significantly improved reaction time, visual memory and emotion recognition. In contrast, individuals in the CBR did not present a statistically change in functional and QOL scores after the 12‐week intervention.ConclusionsCBR intervention showed promising results in improving some of the commonly impaired cognitive domains in BD. A longer follow‐up period may be necessary to detect changes in functional and QOL domains.
Type 2 diabetes affects postextraction socket healing and influences first‐stage implant surgery: A study based on clinical and animal evidence
Authors: Zhang Sijia , Song Shuang , Wang Shuyan , Duan Yansheng , Zhu Wenzhong , Song Yingliang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAIMTo verify the influence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on postextraction socket healing and subsequent first‐stage implant surgery.Materials and MethodsWe analyzed pre‐extraction and postextraction cone beam computed tomography images of T2DM patients (n = 75) and paired nondiabetic controls to investigate changes in postextraction socket and ridge dimensions. The types of guided bone regeneration (GBR) surgeries were also compared. Three T2DM pig models were established to compare their postextraction socket healing with that of nondiabetic controls. Healing was quantitatively verified by microcomputed tomography. The osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) was also compared.ResultsCompared to nondiabetic controls, T2DM patients had higher socket width/depth values postextraction across all groups with different healing times. Among the T2DM patients, 62.7% could not receive first‐stage implant surgery within 6 months postextraction, and 54.7% received GBR surgery during first‐stage surgery. Ossification was not achieved in the socket center of the T2DM pig models after 3 months of healing. A decrease in osteogenic differentiation was observed in T2DM‐MSCs.ConclusionsT2DM interferes with the healing of the extraction socket and thus delays first‐stage implant surgery. This phenomenon may be due to the reduced osteogenic differentiation of MSCs in the sockets.
Secukinumab attenuates reactive astrogliosis via IL‐17RA/(C/EBPβ)/SIRT1 pathway in a rat model of germinal matrix hemorrhage
Authors: Liu Sheng‐Peng , Huang Lei , Flores Jerry , Ding Yan , Li Peng , Peng Jun , Zuo Gang , Zhang John H. , Lu Jun , Tang Ji‐Ping 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimsReactive astrogliosis plays a critical role in neurological deficits after germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH). It has been reported that interleukin‐17A and IL‐17A receptor IL‐17RA/(C/EBPβ)/SIRT1 signaling pathway enhances reactive astrogliosis after brain injuries. We evaluated the effects of secukinumab on reactive astrogliosis in a rat pup model of GMH.MethodsA total of 146 Sprague Dawley P7 rat pups were used. GMH was induced by intraparenchymal injection of collagenase. Secukinumab was administered intranasally 1 hour post‐GMH. C/EBPβ CRISPR or SIRT1 antagonist EX527 was administrated intracerebroventricularly (icv) 48 hours and 1 hour before GMH induction, respectively. Neurobehavior, Western blot, histology, and immunohistochemistry were used to assess treatment regiments in the short term and long term.ResultsThe endogenous IL‐17A, IL‐17RA, C/EBPβ, and GFAP and proliferation marker CyclinD1 were increased, while SIRT1 expression was decreased after GMH. Secukinumab treatment improved neurological deficits, reduced ventriculomegaly, and increased cortical thickness. Additionally, treatment increased SIRT1 expression and lowered proliferation proteins PCNA and CyclinD1 as well as GFAP expression. C/EBPβ CRISPR activation plasmid and EX527 reversed the antireactive astrogliosis effects of secukinumab.ConclusionSecukinumab attenuated reactive astrogliosis and reduced neurological deficits after GMH, partly by regulating IL‐17RA/(C/EBPβ)/SIRT1 pathways. Secukinumab may provide a promising therapeutic strategy for GMH patients.
Randomized trial of facilitated subcutaneous immunoglobulin in multifocal motor neuropathy
Authors: Al‐Zuhairy A. , Jakobsen J. , Andersen H. , Sindrup S. H. , Markvardsen L. K. 
Published: April 2019

Background and purposeTo optimize subcutaneous therapy with immunoglobulins, large volume infusion of immunoglobulin G facilitated by pretreatment with hyaluronidase (fSCIG) was compared to conventional infusion of multiple small dosages (cSCIG) in 20 patients with multifocal motor neuropathy.MethodsA randomized, non‐inferiority and observer‐blinded cross‐over design was applied with a treatment period of 24 weeks for each therapy.ResultsIn 18 patients fSCIG was feasible, two patients leaving the study due to side‐effects. The primary study variable, isometric strength, was unchanged, being 100.8% [95% confidence interval (CI) 94.8%–107.1%) in fSCIG and 105.9% (95% CI 99.8%–112.0%) in cSCIG. Secondary end‐points of disability, functions, impairments and quality of life showed no differences between the two treatments. Mild and short‐lasting generalized side‐effects were similar in the two groups, whereas the relative frequency of localized side‐effects at the injection site was increased after fSCIG [0.63 (95% CI 0.23–1.00) vs. 0.09 (95% CI 0.00–0.22), P = 0.005]. The preference of the patients favoured fSCIG for two out of five visual analogue scale scores as well as the total mean score of all preferences (P = 0.03).ConclusionsFacilitated SCIG seems effective, feasible and safe. In addition, it is preferred by patients but is accompanied by a higher frequency of short‐lasting localized side‐effects.
Hand‐assisted laparoscopic reattachment of a mesoduodenojejunal defect in a broodmare
Authors: O'Neill H. D. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryIn this report, a jejunal entrapment through a presumptive chronic mesenteric defect extending over approximately 20 cm of the duodenojejunal region was found as a cause of acute onset colic in a multiparous broodmare. Mesenteric reattachment during the initial exploratory laparotomy was deemed unsafe given the majority of the avulsion could only be palpated deep within the abdomen. Following recovery and an uneventful parturition 12 days later, the mare returned 18 days post‐foaling for attempted, standing laparoscopic reattachment of the mesentery. The procedure was converted to a hand‐assisted technique and reattachment completed using a mechanical suturing device and knotless, unidirectional barbed suture. The mare was discharged 3 days post‐operatively, bred 28 days following discharge and a singleton pregnancy confirmed 15 days post‐ovulation and 46 days following laparoscopy. There were no signs of abdominal discomfort noted in the first 8 months following surgery. In summary, a standing, right‐sided hand‐assisted laparoscopic approach provided effective visibility to the mesoduodenojejunal region.
Assessment of the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of homosalate in MCF‐7
Authors: Yazar Selma , Kara Ertekin Simge 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundUV filters should be determined a strict toxicological safety prior to approval. Homosalate (HMS) is one of the most widely used organic UV filter. HMS accumulates in aquatic biota ecosystems and humans through the food chain; therefore, it is important to consider the effects on health and know its mechanisms of action.AimsThe study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of HMS in MCF‐7 cell line.MethodsCell viability was examined by the 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and cell membrane integrity by the lactate dehydrogenase release assays (LDH), and genotoxicity by using the micronucleus test at 250, 500, 750, 1000, 1500, and 2000 µM concentrations with the human breast cell line MCF‐7.ResultsHomosalate affected the cell viability dose‐dependently at a concentrations of above 1000 µM. Micronucleus formation was significantly induced at 750 and 1000 µM within 24 hours due to an increase in cytostatic effect, the cell viability of HMS decreased to 57% at a concentration of 2000 µM, and a sufficient number of binucleated cells could not be obtained to count. Homosalate was also clastogenic when the cells were incubated at cytotoxic concentrations.ConclusionThese results suggest that homosalate can be considered as a cytotoxic and genotoxic substance.
Modeling infants’ perceptual narrowing to musical rhythms: neural oscillation and Hebbian plasticity
Authors: Tichko Parker , Large Edward W. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPrevious research suggests that infants’ perception of musical rhythm is fine‐tuned to culture‐specific rhythmic structures over the first postnatal year of human life. To date, however, little is known about the neurobiological principles that may underlie this process. In the current study, we used a dynamical systems model featuring neural oscillation and Hebbian plasticity to simulate infants’ perceptual learning of culture‐specific musical rhythms. First, we demonstrate that oscillatory activity in an untrained network reflects the rhythmic structure of either a Western or a Balkan training rhythm in a veridical fashion. Next, during a period of unsupervised learning, we show that the network learns the rhythmic structure of either a Western or a Balkan training rhythm through the self‐organization of network connections. Finally, we demonstrate that the learned connections affect the networks’ response to violations to the metrical structure of native and nonnative rhythms, a pattern of findings that mirrors the behavioral data on infants’ perceptual narrowing to musical rhythms.
Phase−amplitude coupling between theta and gamma oscillations adapts to speech rate
Authors: Lizarazu Mikel , Lallier Marie , Molinaro Nicola 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLow‐ and high‐frequency cortical oscillations play an important role in speech processing. Low‐frequency neural oscillations in the delta (<4 Hz) and theta (4–8 Hz) bands entrain to the prosodic and syllabic rates of speech, respectively. Theta band neural oscillations modulate high‐frequency neural oscillations in the gamma band (28−40 Hz), which have been hypothesized to be crucial for processing phonemes in natural speech. Since speech rate is known to vary considerably, both between and within talkers, it has yet to be determined whether this nested gamma response reflects an externally induced rhythm sensitive to the rate of the fine‐grained structure of the input or a speech rate−independent endogenous response. Here, we recorded magnetoencephalography responses from participants listening to a speech delivered at different rates: decelerated, normal, and accelerated. We found that the phase of theta band oscillations in left and right auditory regions adjusts to speech rate variations. Importantly, we showed that the peak of the gamma response—coupled to the phase of theta—follows the speech rate. This indicates that gamma activity in auditory regions synchronizes with the fine‐grain properties of speech, possibly reflecting detailed acoustic analysis of the input.
Pain perception in orthodontic patients: A model considering psychosocial and behavioural aspects
Authors: Campos Lucas Arrais , Santos-Pinto Ary , Marôco João , Campos Juliana Alvares Duarte Bonini 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo estimate the agreement between orthodontic pain perception, evaluated with the visual analog scale (VAS), and psychosocial and behavioural aspects of pain and to estimate the impact of clinical and demographic characteristics on these aspects.DesignCross‐sectional design using non‐probabilistic sampling.Setting and Sample PopulationOrthodontic patients undergoing treatment at orthodontic clinics (n = 507 [63.3% women], mean age: 26.32 [SD = 11.70] years).Materials and MethodsPsychosocial and behavioural aspects of pain were evaluated using the Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI‐Orthodontic). Agreement between the pain impact level assessed according to different methods was estimated using the linear‐weighted Kappa (κp) statistic. Structural models were elaborated to estimate the impact of clinical and demographic characteristics on the psychosocial and behavioural aspects of pain. The fit of the model was evaluated, and theztest (α = 5%) was used to estimate the significance of the impact (β).ResultsThe agreement between VAS and MPI‐Orthodontic factors was inadequate (κp = 0.028‐0.584). The fit of the structural models was adequate. Women, younger individuals, and those who reported difficulty/pain with feeding exhibited greater perception of both the psychosocial and behavioural aspects. Individuals in lower socioeconomic strata who were not satisfied with treatment and did not seek treatment voluntarily exhibited greater perception of the psychosocial aspect of pain.ConclusionsThe impact of orthodontic pain on psychosocial and behavioural aspects of patients’ lives is a relevant issue. Clinical and demographic characteristics contributed to these aspects; however, pain intensity as a sole measure may be insufficient for an adequate understanding of pain perception.
The duration and magnitude of Cretaceous cool events: Evidence from the northern high latitudes
Authors: Vickers Madeleine L. , Price Gregory D. , Jerrett Rhodri M. , Sutton Paul , Watkinson Matthew P. , FitzPatrick Meriel 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe Early Cretaceous (145–100 Ma) was characterized by long-term greenhouse climates, with a reduced equatorial to polar temperature gradient, although an increasingly large body of evidence suggests that this period was punctuated by episodic global “cold snaps.” Understanding climate dynamics during this high-atmospheric CO2 period of Earth’s history may have significant impact on how we understand climatic feedbacks and predict future global climate changes under an anthropogenically-driven high-pCO2 atmosphere. This study utilizes facies analysis to constrain the paleobathymetry of Lower Cretaceous glendonites—a pseudomorph after ikaite, a mineral that forms naturally at 7 °C or lower—from two paleo-high-latitude (60–70°N) sites in Svalbard, Arctic Norway, to infer global climatic changes during the Early Cretaceous. The original ikaite formed in the offshore transition zone of a shallow marine shelf at water depths of <100 m, suggesting mean annual water temperatures of ≤7 °C at these depths at 60–70°N. We correlate glendonite-bearing horizons from Lower Cretaceous successions around the globe using carbon isotope stratigraphy, in conjunction with the pre-existing biostratigraphic framework, in order to infer northern hemispheric to global climatic cooling. A distinct interval of glendonites in the Northern Hemisphere, from sites >60°N, spans the late Berriasian to earliest Barremian (at least 8.6 m.y.), significantly prolonging the duration of the previously hypothesized Valanginian cold snap (associated with the “Weissert Event”). Widespread glendonites occur again in late Aptian and extend to the early Albian, in both hemispheres, corroborating other proxy evidence for late Aptian cooling. The glendonites from Svalbard suggest that Cretaceous cold episodes were characterized with high latitude (>60°N) shallow water temperatures that are consistent with the existence of a small northern polar ice cap at this time.
Research priorities for European paediatric emergency medicine
Authors: Bressan Silvia , Titomanlio Luigi , Gomez Borja , Mintegi Santiago , Gervaix Alain , Parri Niccolo , Da Dalt Liviana , Moll Henriette A , Waisman Yehezkel , Maconochie Ian K , Oostenbrink Rianne 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveResearch in European Paediatric Emergency Medicine (REPEM) network is a collaborative group of 69 paediatric emergency medicine (PEM) physicians from 20 countries in Europe, initiated in 2006. To further improve paediatric emergency care in Europe, the aim of this study was to define research priorities for PEM in Europe to guide the development of future research projects.Design and SettingWe carried out an online survey in a modified three-stage Delphi study. Eligible participants were members of the REPEM network. In stage 1, the REPEM steering committee prepared a list of research topics. In stage 2, REPEM members rated on a 6-point scale research topics and they could add research topics and comment on the list for further refinement. Stage 3 included further prioritisation using the Hanlon Process of Prioritisation (HPP) to give more emphasis to the feasibility of a research topic.ResultsBased on 52 respondents (response rates per stage varying from 41% to 57%), we identified the conditions ‘fever’, ‘sepsis’ and ‘respiratory infections’, and the processes/interventions ‘biomarkers’, ‘risk stratification’ and ‘practice variation’ as common themes of research interest. The HPP identified highest priority for 4 of the 5 highest prioritised items by the Delphi process, incorporating prevalence and severity of each condition and feasibility of undertaking such research.ConclusionsWhile the high diversity in emergency department (ED) populations, cultures, healthcare systems and healthcare delivery in European PEM prompts to focus on practice variation of ED conditions, our defined research priority list will help guide further collaborative research efforts within the REPEM network to improve PEM care in Europe.
Efficacy of therapeutic soft contact lens in the management of gelatinous drop-like corneal dystrophy
Authors: Maeno Sayo , Soma Takeshi , Tsujikawa Motokazu , Shigeta Ryujiro , Kawasaki Ryo , Oie Yoshinori , Koh Shizuka , Maruyama Kazuichi , Kawasaki Satoshi , Maeda Naoyuki , Nishida Kohji 
Published: April 2019

Background/AimsTo investigate the efficacy of therapeutic soft contact lenses (SCLs) in gelatinous drop-like corneal dystrophy (GDLD) management.MethodsThis was a retrospective, consecutive, observational case series, including 20 patients (40 eyes) with GDLD treated in Osaka University Hospital within the last 15 years. We tested the effects of therapeutic SCL on clinical features, visual acuity and surgical interventions. Examinations for clinical features and visual acuity were done on patients who had no surgical intervention for 3 years. Scoring and evaluation of changes in three main clinical GDLD features and visual acuity (logMAR units) were performed using Fisher’s exact test and Mann-Whitney U test. Surgery-free survival time was compared by Kaplan-Meier analyses in all patients.ResultsWe found a significantly lower rate of progression in GDLD nodular lesions in patients wearing SCLs compared with those who did not (p=0.0179). No suppressant effects were observed regarding opacity and neovascularisation, and no significant improvements were found in visual acuity (in logMAR values, SCL-on: mean=− 0.036, median=0; SCL-off: mean=0.149, median=+ 0.088; p=0.14). The surgery-free survival time for all 16 SCL-on eyes was 2770 ± 1918 days, significantly longer than that for 22 SCL-off eyes, 1342 ± 1323 days (Kaplan-Meier analysis, p=0.0007), suggesting that therapeutic SCL extends the period until surgical intervention and reduces their necessity in patients with GDLD.ConclusionWearing therapeutic SCLs in GDLD slows the progression of nodular lesions and decreases the need for surgical interventions.