bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mega‐monsoon variability during the late Triassic: Re‐assessing the role of orbital forcing in the deposition of playa sediments in the Germanic Basin
Authors: Bahr André , Kolber Gilles , Kaboth‐Bahr Stefanie , Reinhardt Lutz , Friedrich Oliver , Pross Jörg 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe formation of the supercontinent Pangaea during the Permo–Triassic gave rise to an extreme monsoonal climate (often termed ‘mega‐monsoon’) that has been documented by numerous palaeo‐records. However, considerable debate exists about the role of orbital forcing in causing humid intervals in an otherwise arid climate. To shed new light on the forcing of monsoonal variability in subtropical Pangaea, this study focuses on sediment facies and colour variability of playa and alluvial fan deposits in an outcrop from the late Carnian (ca225 Ma) in the southern Germanic Basin, south‐western Germany. The sediments were deposited against a background of increasingly arid conditions following the humid Carnian Pluvial Event (ca234 to 232 Ma). Theca2·4 Myr long sedimentary succession studied shows a tripartite long‐term evolution, starting with a distal mud‐flat facies deposited under arid conditions. This phase was followed by a highly variable playa‐lake environment that documents more humid conditions and finally a regression of the playa‐lake due to a return of arid conditions. The red–green (a*) and lightness (L*) records show that this long‐term variability was overprinted by alternating wet/dry cycles driven by orbital precession andca405 kyr eccentricity, without significant influence of obliquity. The absence of obliquity in this record indicates that high‐latitude forcing played only a minor role in the southern Germanic Basin during the late Carnian. This is different from the subsequent Norian when high‐latitude signals became more pronounced, potentially related to the northward drift of the Germanic Basin. The recurring pattern of pluvial events during the late Triassic demonstrates that orbital forcing, in particular eccentricity, stimulated the occurrence and intensity of wet phases. It also highlights the possibility that the Carnian Pluvial Event, although most likely triggered by enhanced volcanic activity, may also have been modified by an orbital stimulus.
Retracted: The Three‐Step Theory of Suicide: An Independent Replication and Conceptual Extension
Authors: Hagan Christopher R. , Muehlenkamp Jennifer J. 
Published: October 2019

Retraction: Christopher R. Hagan PhD, Jennifer J. Muehlenkamp PhD, “The Three‐Step Theory of Suicide: An Independent Replication and Conceptual Extension,” Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, Wiley, © American Association of SuicidologyThe above article, published online on 30 September 2019 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the journal Editor in Chief, Thomas Joiner, PhD, and John Wiley and Sons Ltd. The retraction has been agreed due to errors in variable calculation and a post‐publication reviewer's concerns that some analyses did not accurately test the theoretical model. An updated version of this article will soon undergo review for publication at Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, and if accepted for publication, will be accompanied by an editorial from the Editor‐in‐Chief.
Examining the influences of air quality in China's cities using multi‐scale geographically weighted regression
Authors: Fotheringham A. Stewart , Yue Han , Li Ziqi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study evaluates the influences of air pollution in China using a recently proposed model—multi‐scale geographically weighted regression (MGWR). First, we review previous research on the determinants of air quality. Then, we explain the MGWR model, together with two global models: ordinary least squares (OLS) and OLS containing a spatial lag variable (OLSL) and a commonly used local model: geographically weighted regression (GWR). To detect and account for any variation of the spatial autocorrelation of air pollution over space, we construct two extra local models which we call GWR with lagged dependent variable (GWRL) and MGWR with lagged dependent variable (MGWRL) by including the lagged form of the dependent variable in the GWR model and the MGWR model, respectively. The performances of these six models are comprehensively examined and the MGWR and MGWRL models outperform the two global models as well as the GWR and GWRL models. MGWRL is the most accurate model in terms of replicating the observed air quality index (AQI) values and removing residual dependency. The superiority of the MGWR framework over the GWR framework is demonstrated—GWR can only produce a single optimized bandwidth, while MGWR provides covariate‐specific optimized bandwidths which indicate the different spatial scales that different processes operate.
Degradation of the transcription factors PIF4 and PIF5 under UV‐B promotes UVR8‐mediated inhibition of hypocotyl growth in Arabidopsis
Authors: Tavridou Eleni , Pireyre Marie , Ulm Roman 
Published: October 2019

SummaryInhibition of hypocotyl growth is a well‐established UV‐B‐induced photomorphogenic response that is mediated by the UV‐B photoreceptor UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8). However, the molecular mechanism by which UVR8 signaling triggers inhibition of hypocotyl growth is poorly understood. The bZIP protein ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) functions as the main positive regulatory transcription factor in the UVR8 signaling pathway, with HY5‐HOMOLOG (HYH) playing a minor role. However, here we demonstrate that hy5 hyh double mutants maintain significant UVR8‐dependent hypocotyl growth inhibition. We identify UVR8‐dependent inhibition of the activities of bHLH transcription factors PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4) and PIF5 as part of the UVR8 signaling pathway, which results in inhibition of hypocotyl growth. The UVR8‐mediated repression of several hypocotyl elongation‐related genes is independent of HY5 and HYH but largely associated with UVR8‐dependent degradation of PIF4 and PIF5, a process that consequently diminishes PIF4/5 target promoter occupancy. Taken together, our data indicate that UVR8‐mediated inhibition of hypocotyl growth involves degradation of PIF4 and PIF5. These findings contribute to our mechanistic understanding of UVR8‐induced photomorphogenesis and further support the function of PIFs as integrators of different photoreceptor signaling pathways.
Past, present, and future: a qualitative and literature study identifying historical trends, drivers, and transformational factors for the future demand of blood supply in the Netherlands
Authors: Langi Sasongko Praiseldy , Rolink Marlon , van den Hurk Katja , van Kraaij Marian , Janssen Mart 
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUNDAs blood transfusion has evolved, there is a need to understand its historical trends and underlying drivers. Furthermore, for blood bank management to make decisions about the future, they need to consider what transformational factors (defined as developments in science, society, and technology) could significantly impact blood demand and to what effect. This study has a two‐fold aim: to explore transfusion experts' perspectives regarding 1) historical trends and drivers of red blood cells (RBCs) in the past 20 years and 2) transformational factors that would impact the future demand of RBCs and to what effect.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSForty‐two semi‐structured interviews were held with transfusion experts from the Netherlands and abroad, supplemented with a literature review of Pubmed, Google Scholar, and gray literature.RESULTSWith regard to historical trends and drivers, experts shared two main trends: decreased or increased demands for RBCs. Various drivers were reported for each trend, coupled with evidence from literature. With regard to the future, experts anticipated that RBC demands will either increase (17%), decrease (45%), decrease but stabilize (12%), or stabilize as is (7%). Various transformational factors were found to support each trend (e.g., gene therapy will reduce RBC demand), although there were factors for which experts were unsure about its effects (e.g., cultured RBCs). Seven groups of transformation factors were identified in the literature review.CONCLUSIONWhile the future of blood transfusion is uncertain, there are actions that blood banks may take now to prepare for potential future developments.
Input trade liberalisation, institution and markup: Evidence from China's accession to the WTO
Authors: Mao Qilin , Xu Jiayun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper investigates the effects of input trade liberalisation on firm markups and assesses how institutional environment affects such impacts by using Chinese firm‐level data. To identify the causal effects, we exploit the quasi‐natural experiment of China's WTO accession in 2001 and perform difference‐in‐differences estimation. The results show that input tariff liberalisation leads to a substantial increase in firm markups, and institutional environment significantly strengthens such an impact. We further uncover the underlying mechanisms through which input tariff liberalisation boosts firm markups, and show that both price and cost channels work for the input tariff cut effect on firm markups, of which the latter is much more important. In addition, we also demonstrate that input tariff cut significantly fosters aggregate markup growth, and the reallocation effect is found to be an important channel through which input tariff liberalisation boosts aggregate markup growth.
Streptococcus canis multilocus sequence typing in a case series of dogs with ulcerative keratitis
Authors: Enache Andra E. , Mitchell Catriona , Kafarnik Christiane , Waller Andrew S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether four isolates of Streptococcus canis (S canis) recovered from dogs diagnosed with ulcerative keratitis at the Animal Health Trust (AHT) were genetically related to other ocular isolates that are registered in the online database.Animal studiedFour S canis corneal isolates.ProceduresClinical and laboratory records between 2016 and 2017 were searched for dogs with ulcerative keratitis for which microbiology analysis was consistent with the growth of S canis. Genomic DNA was extracted for sequencing (Illumina MiSeq), and multilocus sequence types (STs) were determined using MLST 1.8 relative to the 44 sequence types of S canis available. A neighbor‐joining tree was constructed in MEGA v4.0. A two‐sided Fisher's exact test was used to determine any associations between the isolated strains and ocular infections of dogs.ResultsFour strains were isolated from pugs (cases 1‐4) with ulcerative keratitis. Genome sequencing identified ST‐27 (case 1), ST‐9 (case 3), and ST‐13 (cases 2 and 4). STs 13 and 27 are members of Clonal Complex (CC)‐13. Analysis of the multilocus sequence typing database revealed that CC‐13 strains accounted for six of the twelve isolates recovered from the eye exudates of dogs (P = .0078).ConclusionsThere is early evidence that the CC‐13 group of S canis is associated with ocular infections in dogs. We provide draft genome sequences toward the future identification of virulence mechanisms associated with streptococcal keratitis in dogs.
Dynamic Mode Decomposition Analysis of Flow Separation in a Diffuser to Inform Flow Control Strategies
Authors: Wang Jinchun , Huang Guoping , Lu Weiyu , Sullivan Pierre E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this work, a large eddy simulation (LES) of a typical subsonic diffuser provides data used to analyze coherent structure in a separated flow with dynamic mode decomposition (DMD). From this, a low–dimensional approximation, which retains the main dynamic characteristics of the original flow fields, is obtained. In particular, specific dynamic structures associated with a unique frequency are isolated. The spatial structures of the real and imaginary parts of the DMD mode are similar but with a phase difference. The contribution of the conjugate modes to the evolution of the DMD modes over time is discussed. The dominant frequency is found to be related to the wake mode. The scale of wake will saturate, and the shear layer will become weaker and merges into the wake structure as it develops downstream. This allows direction for effective flow control strategies using this information.
Energy Efficient Control of Parallel Variable-Frequency Pumps in Magnetic Water-Cooling System
Authors: Qiu Wenjun , Ouyang Zhengrong 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper presents an optimal control method for the prediction of parallel centrifugal variable frequency pump performance in any conditions to maximize the total efficiency of the pump system, thereby minimizing energy consumption. First, a theoretical model of parallel water pumping set was established, after which the shaft power model was setup specifically for the off-rating conditions. By combining the typical polynomial fitting method of the efficiency and the shaft power model we brought up, a new optimized control method was proposed. Using this method, the complex optimization task was solved with the optimal control of the operating number selection and speed ratios for parallel variable speed pumps based on the decision-making. The proposed method was subsequently applied to the pumping set of the water-cooling system in High Magnetic Field Facility. The practical testing results of the proposed method showed its superiority over both the primitive and the previous optimal methods, by considerably lowering the power consumption and accurately calculating the performance parameters in any conditions. The method has universality and simplicity for online implementation, which provides a reference for the control methods of parallel centrifugal pumps in variable flow systems with a differential pressure control strategy.
Optimization of Flow Control Parameters Over SD7003 Airfoil With Synthetic Jet Actuator
Authors: Tadjfar M. , Kamari Dj. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
An optimization study was conducted to find the optimum operational characteristics of a synthetic jet actuator (SJA) to postpone the static stall separation over an SD7003 airfoil at Reynolds number of 60,000. A genetic algorithm (GA) coupled with an artificial neural network (ANN) was employed. Aerodynamic performance (L/D) was chosen as the objective function. Both tangent to the boundary layer (TBL) and the cross to the boundary layer (CBL) configurations of SJA were used and their effectiveness in separation control were compared. The following design variables of the SJA were allowed to change within a predetermined range: location, the opening length, the injection velocity amplitude, the injection angle, and the nondimensional frequency. It was found that for location, opening length, and velocity amplitude ratio, a narrow range near the peak optimum values achieved the best performance. However, for the nondimensional frequency and jet injection angle, the optimum values providing highest performance were in a wider range of values. Activation of SJ actuator improved the aerodynamic performance of the airfoil significantly. However, TBL configuration of SJA produced superior improvement in aerodynamic performance. The optimum aerodynamic performance achieved by TBL-SJA was 34.4, in comparison to 25.3 for CBL-SJA and 5 for the uncontrolled stalled airfoil at 13 deg angle of attack.
Prediction of Premixed Flame Dynamics Using Large Eddy Simulation With Tabulated Chemistry and Eulerian Stochastic Fields
Authors: Avdonin Alexander , Javareshkian Alireza , Polifke Wolfgang 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper demonstrates that a large Eddy simulation (LES) combustion model based on tabulated chemistry and Eulerian stochastic fields can successfully describe the flame dynamics of a premixed turbulent swirl flame. The combustion chemistry is tabulated from one-dimensional burner-stabilized flamelet computations in dependence on progress variable and enthalpy. The progress variable allows to efficiently include a detailed reaction scheme, while the dependence on enthalpy describes the effect of heat losses on the reaction rate. The turbulence-chemistry interaction is modeled by eight Eulerian stochastic fields. An LES of a premixed swirl burner with a broadband velocity excitation is performed to investigate the flame dynamics, i.e., the response of heat release rate to upstream velocity perturbations. In particular, the flame impulse response and the flame transfer function (FTF) are identified from LES time series data. Simulation results for a range of power ratings are in good agreement with the experimental data.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Small-Scale Tesla Turbines
Authors: Renuke Avinash , Vannoni Alberto , Pascenti Matteo , Traverso Alberto 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Interest in small-scale turbines is growing mainly for small-scale power generation and energy harvesting. Conventional bladed turbines impose manufacturing limitations and higher cost, which hinder their implementation at small scale. This paper focuses on experimental and numerical performance investigation of Tesla type turbines for micro power generation. A flexible test rig for Tesla turbine fed with air as working fluid has been developed, of about 100 W net mechanical power, with modular design of two convergent-divergent nozzles to get subsonic as well as supersonic flow at the exit. Seals are incorporated at the end disks to minimize leakage flow. Extensive experiments are done by varying design parameters such as disk thickness, gap between disks, radius ratio, and outlet area of exhaust with speeds ranging from 10,000 rpm to 40,000 rpm. A quasi-one-dimensional (1D) model of the whole setup is created and tuned with experimental data to capture the overall performance. Major losses, ventilation losses at end disks, and nozzle and exhaust losses are evaluated experimentally and numerically. Effect of design parameters on the performance of Tesla turbines is discussed.
Poroelastic Effects on the Time- and Rate-Dependent Fracture of Polymer Gels
Authors: Yu Yalin , Bouklas Nikolaos , Landis Chad M. , Huang Rui 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFracture of polymer gels is often time- and rate-dependent. Subject to a constant load, a gel specimen may fracture immediately or after a delay (time-dependent, delayed fracture). When a crack grows in a gel, the fracture energy may depend on the crack speed (rate-dependent). The underlying mechanisms for the time- and rate-dependent fracture of gels could include local molecular processes, polymer viscoelasticity, and solvent diffusion coupled with deformation (poroelasticity). This paper focuses on the effects of poroelasticity. A path-independent, modified J-integral approach is adopted to define the crack-tip energy release rate as the energetic driving force for crack growth in gels, taking into account the energy dissipation by solvent diffusion. For a stationary crack, the energy release rate is time-dependent, with which delayed fracture can be predicted based on a Griffith-like fracture criterion. For steady-state crack growth in a long-strip specimen, the energy release rate is a function of the crack speed, with rate-dependent poroelastic toughening. With a poroelastic cohesive zone model, solvent diffusion within the cohesive zone leads to significantly enhanced poroelastic toughening as the crack speed increases, rendering a rate-dependent traction-separation relation. While most of the results are based on a linear poroelastic formulation, future studies may extend to nonlinear theories with large deformation. In addition to the poroelastic effects, other mechanisms such as viscoelasticity and local fracture processes should be studied to further understand the time and rate-dependent fracture of polymer gels.
Effects of Fuel Staging on the Hydrodynamic Stability of Multinozzle Swirl Flows
Authors: Gupta Saarthak , Manoharan Kiran , Hemchandra Santosh 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Hydrodynamic instability in lean premixed gas turbine combustors can cause coherent flow velocity oscillations. These can in turn drive heat release oscillations that when favorably coupled with combustor acoustic modes can result in combustion instability. The aim of this paper is to understand the impact of fuel staging on the characteristics of hydrodynamic modes in multinozzle combustors. We extend our recent numerical study on the hydrodynamic stability characteristics of a multinozzle combustor having three nozzles in a straight line with uniform fuel–air ratio in each nozzle, to the nonuniform fuel–air ratio case. As before, we construct the base flow model for this study by superposing contributions from individual nozzles, determined using a base flow model for a nominally axisymmetric single nozzle, at every point in the computational domain. The impact of fuel staging is captured by changing the burnt to unburnt gas density ratio parameter in the individual contribution from each nozzle. We investigate the characteristics of the most locally absolutely unstable mode for two cases. The first one is when the middle nozzle is made fuel rich when compared to the side nozzles and the second is when the side nozzles are made fuel rich relative to the middle nozzle. The impact of nonuniform fuel/air ratio on the local absolutely unstable temporal eigenvalues is seen to be small. However, significant changes in the spatial structure of the flow oscillations associated with the hydrodynamic eigenmodes are observed. In the first case, the flow oscillations with a different locally azimuthal nature on the middle nozzle when compared to the side nozzles emerge as the middle nozzle is made richer. In the second case, the oscillations on the two side nozzles are suppressed leaving the middle nozzle in a state that closely matches that of a single unconfined nozzle with the same nominal base flow velocity field. These types of internozzle variations in flow oscillation characteristics can explain the emergence of nonuniformity in heat release oscillation characteristics between individual nozzles in multinozzle combustors.
On Piping Vibration Screening Criteria
Authors: Jacimovic Nikola , D'Agaro Fabio 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Vibration-related issues are common in the engineering practice. Piping vibrations can range from those barely noticeable to the ones which result in total system failure in a very short time . This paper presents a synthesis of the criteria which should be used to estimate the severity of vibrations based on both exhaustive literature research and the authors' experience accumulated over the years of engineering practice.