bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on spatial reconstruction of arc plasma based on heuristic search and regularization inversion method
Authors: Zhang Guogang , Xu Youdang , Dong Jinlong , Qie Shuang , Kurrat Michael 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe morphology analysis of arc plasma inside a low‐voltage circuit breaker is a practical approach to investigate its current interruption performance. It is a typical ill‐posed problem to determine the arc current distribution from the induced magnetic field of arc plasma. The regularization method has been proven effective in solving inverse magnetic problems. However, the arrangement of current‐carrying conductors in arc chamber and the time‐varying characteristics of arc plasma make it difficult to yield a reasonable inverse solution. In this paper, a heuristic search algorithm is proposed. The solving procedure is as follows. First, a series of inverse models with supposed arc root positions are created dynamically. Second, the Tikhonov regularization method with quasi‐optimality criterion is applied to solve the inverse problems iteratively. Then each solution is evaluated and the best solution can be found out. After all the models according to the different arcing stages have been solved, an image list of current density distribution of arc plasma is formed. An experimental system measuring the 2D magnetic field of arc plasma has been built, in which a 64‐unit hall‐effect sensor array and the corresponding data acquisition system are adopted to detect the arc magnetic field; meanwhile, the waveforms of arc voltage and current are recorded by a digital oscilloscope and the optical images of arc plasma are captured by a high speed charge‐coupled device camera. The experimental results show that the inverse results of arc current density distribution are in accordance with the optical images. The proposed inverse method provides a noninvasive technique for the diagnosis of arc plasma.
The “other” 15–40%: The Role of Non‐Collagenous Extracellular Matrix Proteins and Minor Collagens in Tendon
Authors: Taye Nandaraj , Karoulias Stylianos Z. , Hubmacher Dirk 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTExtracellular matrix (ECM) determines the physiological function of all tissues, including musculoskeletal tissues. In tendon, ECM provides overall tissue architecture, which is tailored to match the biomechanical requirements of their physiological function, that is, force transmission from muscle to bone. Tendon ECM also constitutes the microenvironment that allows tendon‐resident cells to maintain their phenotype and that transmits biomechanical forces from the macro‐level to the micro‐level. The structure and function of adult tendons is largely determined by the hierarchical organization of collagen type I fibrils. However, non‐collagenous ECM proteins such as small leucine‐rich proteoglycans (SLRPs), ADAMTS proteases, and cross‐linking enzymes play critical roles in collagen fibrillogenesis and guide the hierarchical bundling of collagen fibrils into tendon fascicles. Other non‐collagenous ECM proteins such as the less abundant collagens, fibrillins, or elastin, contribute to tendon formation or determine some of their biomechanical properties. The interfascicular matrix or endotenon and the outer layer of tendons, the epi‐ and paratenon, includes collagens and non‐collagenous ECM proteins, but their function is less well understood. The ECM proteins in the epi‐ and paratenon may provide the appropriate microenvironment to maintain the identity of distinct tendon cell populations that are thought to play a role during repair processes after injury. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the role of non‐collagenous ECM proteins and less abundant collagens in tendon development and homeostasis. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:23–35, 2020
Inhibition of COX‐2 Pathway as a Potential Prophylaxis Against Arthrofibrogenesis in a Rabbit Model of Joint Contracture
Authors: Salib Christopher G. , Reina Nicolas , Trousdale William H. , Limberg Afton K. , Tibbo Megan E. , Jay Anthony G. , Robin Joseph X. , Turner Travis W. , Jones Carter R. , Paradise Christopher R. , Lewallen Eric A. , Bolon Brad , Carter Jodi M. , Berry Daniel J. , Morrey Mark E. , Sanchez‐Sotelo Joaquin , van Wijnen Andre J. , Abdel Matthew P. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTArthrofibrosis is a common complication following total knee arthroplasty caused by pathologic fibroblast activation and excessive collagen deposition around a synovial joint leading to debilitating loss of motion. Treatment options are limited because the pathologic mechanisms remain to be characterized. Dysregulation of the inflammatory cascade may lead to communication between myofibroblasts and immune cells triggering tissue metaplasia, and excessive collagen deposition described clinically as arthrofibrosis. We explored the novel use of celecoxib (selective cyclooxygenase‐2 [COX‐2] inhibitor) to disrupt the downstream effects of the post‐traumatic inflammatory cascade and inhibit scar tissue formation in a validated rabbit model of arthrofibrosis combined with new parameters for quantifying the stiffness of the posterior capsule. Biomechanical and molecular analyses, of contracted rabbit knee posterior capsule tissue after COX‐2 inhibition revealed increased maximal passive extension and down‐regulation of collagen messenger RNA compared with controls. Histopathologic examination suggested a trend of decreased quantities of dense fibrous connective tissue with COX‐2 inhibition. These data may suggest that inhibiting the inflammatory cascade could potentially reduce pathologic myofibroblast activation, thereby reducing scar tissue formation and increasing the range of motion in arthrofibrotic joints. Implementing a multi‐modal pharmacologic approach may simultaneously target numerous cellular components contributing to the complex process of arthrofibrogenesis. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:2609–2620, 2019
Bone Stress Injuries Are Associated With Differences in Bone Microarchitecture in Male Professional Soldiers
Authors: Schanda Jakob E. , Kocijan Roland , Resch Heinrich , Baierl Andreas , Feichtinger Xaver , Mittermayr Rainer , Plachel Fabian , Wakolbinger Robert , Wolff Klaus , Fialka Christian , Gruther Wolfgang , Muschitz Christian 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTBone stress injuries are commonly due to repetitive loading, as often described in competitive athletes or military recruits. The underlying pathophysiology of bone stress injuries is multifactorial. The present cross‐sectional study investigated (i) cortical and trabecular bone microstructure as well as volumetric bone mineral density in subjects with bone stress injuries at the tibial diaphysis, measured at the distal tibia and the distal radius by means of high‐resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (CT), (ii) areal bone mineral density using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry as well as calcaneal dual X‐ray absorptiometry and laser, and (iii) the influence on bone turnover markers of formation and resorption at the early phase after injury. A total of 26 Caucasian male professional soldiers with post‐training bone stress injury at the tibial diaphysis were included (case group). A total of 50 male, Caucasian professional soldiers from the same military institution served as controls (control group). High‐resolution peripheral quantitative CT revealed a higher total area at the radius within the case group. Cortical bone mineral density was reduced at the radius and tibia within the case group. The trabecular number and trabecular thickness were reduced at the tibia in the case group. The trabecular network was more inhomogeneous at the radius and tibia within the case group. Calcaneal dual X‐ray absorptiometry and laser was significantly reduced in the case group. This study quantified differences in bone microstructure among otherwise healthy individuals. Differences in bone microarchitecture may impair the biomechanical properties by increasing the susceptibility to sustain bone stress injuries. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:2516–2523, 2019
Aspects of human physical and behavioural evolution during the last 1 million years
Authors: Galway‐Witham Julia , Cole James , Stringer Chris 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTThis paper reviews some of the main advances in our understanding of human evolution over the last 1 million years, presenting a holistic overview of a field defined by interdisciplinary approaches to studying the origins of our species. We begin by briefly summarizing the climatic context across the Old World for the last 1 million years before directly addressing the fossil and archaeological records. The main themes in this work explore (i) recent discoveries in the fossil record over the last 15 years, such asHomo nalediandHomo floresiensis; (ii) the implications of palaeogenetics for understanding the evolutionary history of, and relationships between, Neanderthals, Denisovans andHomo sapiens; (iii) the interplay between physiology and metabolic demand, landscape use, and behavioural adaptations in the evolution of morphological and behavioural innovation; and (iv) recent advances in archaeological understanding for the behavioural record, in particular that of the Neanderthals. This paper seeks to provide a broad‐scale, holistic perspective of our current understanding of human evolution for the last 1 Ma, providing a reference point for researchers that can be built upon as new discoveries continue to develop the landscapes of human evolution. © 2019 The Authors.Journal of Quaternary SciencePublished by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pharyngeal‐sparing radiation for head and neck carcinoma of unknown primary following TORS assisted work‐up
Authors: Grewal Amardeep S. , Rajasekaran Karthik , Cannady Steven B. , Chalian Ara A. , Ghiam Alireza F. , Lin Alexander , LiVolsi Virginia , Lukens John N. , Mitra Nandita , Montone Kathleen T. , Newman Jason G. , O'Malley Bert W. , Rassekh Christopher H. , Weinstein Gregory S. , Swisher‐McClure Samuel 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveIn patients with head and neck carcinoma of unknown primary (HNCUP;pT0) following TORS‐assisted workup, we have adopted a pharyngeal‐sparing radiation therapy (PSRT) approach targeting only the at‐risk neck and omitting treatment of the pharynx. We report outcomes following PSRT, and compare to institutional historical control subjects who received pharyngeal‐targeted RT (PRT).MethodsBetween 2009 and 2018, 172 patients underwent TORS‐assisted endoscopy as part of their workup for HNCUP. Following TORS, 54 patients had pT0 disease, of which 45 received RT. Forty‐nine percent received PSRT and 51% received PRT.ResultsNo statistically significant differences existed between the PSRT and PRT groups with respect to overall nodal distribution, p16 positivity (55% vs. 43%, P = .12), neck dissection rates (77% vs. 65%, P = .51), and administration of chemotherapy (55% vs. 65%, P = .55). Median follow‐up for PSRT and PRT groups were 24 and 28 months, respectively (P = .04). Two‐year RFS was 86% and 74% for PSRT and PRT patients, respectively (log‐rank P = .30). Three and six patients recurred after PSRT and PRT, respectively. Two‐year OS for PSRT and PRT patients was 91% and 74%, respectively (log‐rank P = .31). Compared to PRT, PSRT was associated with statistically significantly less: grade 2+ mucositis (18% vs. 91%, P < .01), new opioid requirement (27% vs. 91%, P < .01), mean weight loss during RT (6.2 lbs vs. 17.4 lbs, P < .01), feeding tube placement during RT (5% vs. 43%, P < .01), and treatment‐related unplanned hospitalizations (9% vs. 39%, P = .04).ConclusionFollowing TORS‐assisted management of patients with pT0 HNCUP, we observed reduced toxicity following PSRT compared to PRT without apparent compromise of disease cure.Level of EvidenceLevel 3 evidence, retrospective review comparing cases and controlsLaryngoscope, 130:691–697, 2020
Forest fires as potential triggers for production and mobilization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to the terrestrial ecosystem
Authors: Campos Isabel , Abrantes Nelson , Pereira Patrícia , Micaelo Ana Cristina , Vale Carlos , Keizer Jan Jacob 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAlthough forest fires have been identified as an important source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), this problematic has not been thoroughly studied yet. This study addressed the role of wildfires and time since fire in the production and mobilization of PAHs to the terrestrial compartment. Levels of 15 priority PAHs were assessed in topsoil and ash samples (by GC–MS analysis) collected in two burnt areas and an unburnt one, comprising two types of vegetation coverage and four sampling occasions after fire. The fire had triggered an immediately increase of PAH levels in topsoil, according to the comparison of burnt and unburnt samples, but this impact had largely faded 4 months later. Although the fire severity did not play a role in immediate postfire PAH contents in topsoil and ashes, variations were found with the type of vegetation coverage being higher in pine slopes. The wildfire event markedly changed PAHs composition through enrichment in three‐ring PAHs (69% vs. 27%, burnt and unburnt, respectively), which dwindled more markedly in topsoil than in ashes. This study pointed out the key role of wildfires as a source of PAHs to the terrestrial compartment, as unveiled by the increased levels in topsoil and ashes. Additionally, it was found that PAHs could be mobilized from these matrixes over the first year after the fire, possibly leading to aquatic contamination. This finding suggests wildfires as a diffuse source of PAH contamination to freshwater systems, which need to be considering in future monitoring/management programs on the environmental impact of wildfires.
Postprandial Responses of Serum Bile Acids in Healthy Humans after Ingestion of Turmeric before Medium/High‐Fat Breakfasts
Authors: Ghaffarzadegan Tannaz , Zanzer Yoghatama Cindya , Östman Elin , Hållenius Frida , Essén Sofia , Sandahl Margareta , Nyman Margareta 
Published: August 2019

ScopeBile acids (BAs) are known to regulate a number of metabolic activities in the body. However, very little is known about how BAs are affected by diet. This study aims to investigate whether a single dose of turmeric‐based beverage (TUR) before ingestion of medium‐ (MF) or high‐fat (HF) breakfasts would improve the BA profile in healthy subjects.Methods and resultsTwelve healthy subjects are assigned to a randomized crossover single‐blind study. The subjects receive isocaloric MF or HF breakfasts after a drink containing flavored water with or without an extract of turmeric with at least 1‐week wash‐out period between the treatments. Postprandial BAs are measured using protein precipitation followed by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography−mass spectrometry analysis. The concentration of BAs is generally higher after HF than MF breakfasts. Ingestion of TUR before MF breakfast increases the serum concentrations of free and conjugated forms of cholic (CA) and ursodeoxycholic acids (UDCA), as well as the concentrations of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and its taurine‐conjugated forms. However, the concentration of conjugated forms of deoxycholic acid (DCA) decreases when TUR is taken before HF breakfast.ConclusionTUR ingestion before MF and HF breakfasts improve BA profiles and may therefore have potential health‐promoting effects on BA metabolism.
The mycotoxin beauvericin induces oocyte mitochondrial dysfunction and affects embryo development in the juvenile sheep
Authors: Mastrorocco Antonella , Martino Nicola Antonio , Marzano Giuseppina , Lacalandra Giovanni Michele , Ciani Elena , Roelen Bernard A. J. , Dell'Aquila Maria Elena , Minervini Fiorenza 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBeauvericin (BEA) is a mycotoxin produced by Beauveria bassiana and Fusarium species recently reported as toxic on porcine oocyte maturation and embryo development. The aim of this study was to assess, in the juvenile sheep, whether its effects are due to alterations of oocyte and/or embryo bioenergetic/oxidative status. Cumulus‐oocyte‐complexes (COCs) were exposed to BEA during in vitro maturation (IVM), evaluated for cumulus cell (CC) apoptosis, oocyte maturation and bioenergetic/oxidative status or subjected to in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo culture (IVEC). Oocyte nuclear maturation and embryo development were assessed after Hoechst staining and CC apoptosis was analysed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick‐End labeling assay and chromatin morphology after Hoechst staining by epifluorescence microscopy. Oocyte and blastocyst bioenergetic/oxidative status were assessed by confocal microscopy after mitochondria and reactive oxygen species labelling with specific probes. BEA showed various toxic effects, that is, short‐term effects on somatic and germinal compartment of the COC (CCs and the oocyte) and long‐term carry‐over effects on developing embryos. In detail, at 5 µM, it significantly reduced oocyte maturation and immature oocytes showed increased late‐stage (Type C) CC apoptosis and DNA fragmentation while matured oocytes showed unaffected CC viability but abnormal mitochondrial distribution patterns. At lower tested concentrations (3–0.5 µM), BEA did not affect oocyte maturation, but matured oocytes showed reduced mitochondrial activity. At low concentrations, BEA impaired embryo developmental capacity and blastocyst quality after IVF and IVEC. In conclusion, in the juvenile sheep, COC exposure to BEA induces CC apoptosis and oocyte mitochondrial dysfunction with negative impact on embryo development.
Improvement of water vapor barrier and mechanical properties of sago starch‐kaolinite nanocomposites
Authors: Ruamcharoen Jareerat , Munlee Ruszana , Ruamcharoen Polphat 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe composite films of sago starch were prepared by incorporation of various amount of kaolinite (K) and kaolinite intercalated by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (KD) via solution blending method in order to reduce the water vapor transmission and enhance mechanical properties of starch based films. The kaolinite intercalation by DMSO and the composite films were characterized by using X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscope techniques. The result showed that well‐dispersed kaolinite layers were delaminated in the starch matrix attesting to intercalate and exfoliate composite films. The effect of kaolinite content on the water vapor transmission and tensile properties of the composite films was investigated. The water vapor transmission of the starch film (neat starch film ca. 0.132 g.cm3/h) decreased with the addition of K and KD to the starch. It was also observed that the maximum tensile strength (5.18 MPa) was attained for the composite film with 4% by weight of clay content. The improvement in the tensile strength and modulus of starch‐based composites was due to the strong interfacial interaction between matrix and kaolinite clay, correlating to the change of morphology of the starch composite films as revealed by scanning electron microscopy.
Dexmedetomidine Alleviates Postpartum Depressive Symptoms following Cesarean Section in Chinese Women: A Randomized Placebo‐Controlled Study
Authors: Yu He‐Ya , Wang Sai‐Ying , Quan Cheng‐Xuan , Fang Chao , Luo Shi‐Chao , Li Dan‐Yang , Zhen Shan‐Shan , Ma Jia‐Hui , Duan Kai‐Ming 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesFew studies have investigated the prophylactic efficacy of dexmedetomidine (DEX) in postpartum depressive symptoms (PDS). A randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial was conducted to investigate whether the administration of DEX, immediately after delivery and for patient‐controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA), can attenuate PDS.MethodsA total of 600 parturients scheduled for elective cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia were randomly allocated into the control group (infusion with 0.9% normal saline after delivery and PCIA with sufentanil) and the DEX group (DEX infusion 0.5 μg/kg after delivery and PCIA with DEX plus sufentanil). The prevalence of postpartum depressive disorders was indicated by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Postoperative analgesia, sedation, and sleep quality of parturients were also assessed.ResultsPostpartum blues and PDS prevalence in the DEX, versus control, group were significantly lower (5.0% vs 14.1%, p<0.001; 5.7% vs 16.3%, p<0.001, respectively), especially in parturients with antenatal depression or moderate stress during pregnancy. Compared with the control group, the EPDS score at postpartum days 7 and 42 in the DEX group was significantly lower (4.23 ± 4.37 vs 1.93 ± 3.36, p<0.001; 4.68 ± 4.78 vs 1.99 ± 3.18, p<0.001, respectively), as was the incidence of postpartum self‐harm ideation at postpartum days 7 and 42 in the DEX group versus the control group (1.1% vs 4.0%, p=0.03; 0.4% vs 2.9%, p=0.04, respectively). The pain score and the sleep quality in the DEX group were better than that in the control group (p<0.001).ConclusionThe application of DEX in the early postpartum period can significantly attenuate the incidence of postpartum depressive disorders.
Azobenzene–Hemicyanine Conjugated Polymeric Chemosensor for the Rapid and Selective Detection of Cyanide in Pure Aqueous Media
Authors: Haldar Ujjal , Sharma Rini , Kim Eun‐Jae , Lee Hyung‐Il 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTA water‐soluble polymeric probe was designed and synthesized that can be used for the colorimetric selective detection of cyanide ions in pure aqueous media. In particular, P1, a water‐soluble random terpolymer (P1) of N,N′‐dimethylacrylamide, 2‐((E)‐4‐((E)‐(4‐((2‐(acryloyloxy)ethyl)(methyl)amino)phenyl)diazenyl)styryl)‐1,3,3‐trimethyl‐3H‐indol‐1‐ium (M1), and N‐(4‐benzoylphenyl)acrylamide was synthesized via traditional free‐radical polymerization. Upon the addition of CN− ions to a P1 solution, a macroscopically detectable color change of the solution from brick red to light yellow took place, which was associated with a low limit of analyte detection (1.23 μM). Notably, P1 exhibited excellent selectivity toward CN− over other anions and biothiols, which may be present in the medium. Such highly selective colorimetric response to CN− by P1 originated from the nucleophilic attack of CN− anions onto the electron‐deficient polarized CN bonds of P1's indolium moieties, resulting in the perturbation of the intramolecular charge transfer process occurring within the probe via destruction of the polymer's extended π‐conjugation. P1 was also immobilized on a quartz slide by spin coating and then exposed to ultraviolet light. The resulting polymeric film displayed a rapid response to CN− consisting in a distinct color change, extending the scope of the usefulness of P1 as a cyanide‐ion probe beyond the solution phase. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. 2020, 58, 124–131