bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Review of Self‐Healing Concrete for Damage Management of Structures
Authors: De Belie Nele , Gruyaert Elke , Al‐Tabbaa Abir , Antonaci Paola , Baera Cornelia , Bajare Diana , Darquennes Aveline , Davies Robert , Ferrara Liberato , Jefferson Tony , Litina Chrysoula , Miljevic Bojan , Otlewska Anna , Ranogajec Jonjaua , Roig‐Flores Marta , Paine Kevin , Lukowski Pawel , Serna Pedro , Tulliani Jean‐Marc , Vucetic Snezana , Wang Jianyun , Jonkers Henk M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe increasing concern for safety and sustainability of structures is calling for the development of smart self‐healing materials and preventive repair methods. The appearance of small cracks (<300 µm in width) in concrete is almost unavoidable, not necessarily causing a risk of collapse for the structure, but surely impairing its functionality, accelerating its degradation, and diminishing its service life and sustainability. This review provides the state‐of‐the‐art of recent developments of self‐healing concrete, covering autogenous or intrinsic healing of traditional concrete followed by stimulated autogenous healing via use of mineral additives, crystalline admixtures or (superabsorbent) polymers, and subsequently autonomous self‐healing mechanisms, i.e. via, application of micro‐, macro‐, or vascular encapsulated polymers, minerals, or bacteria. The (stimulated) autogenous mechanisms are generally limited to healing crack widths of about 100–150 µm. In contrast, most autonomous self‐healing mechanisms can heal cracks of 300 µm, even sometimes up to more than 1 mm, and usually act faster. After explaining the basic concept for each self‐healing technique, the most recent advances are collected, explaining the progress and current limitations, to provide insights toward the future developments. This review addresses the research needs required to remove hindrances that limit market penetration of self‐healing concrete technologies.
Identification of Copper Surface Index by Optical Contrast
Authors: Zhang Zhibin , Xu Xiaozhi , Zhang Zhihong , Wu Muhong , Wang Jinhuan , Liu Can , Shang Nianze , Wang Jinxiang , Gao Peng , Yu Dapeng , Wang Enge , Liu Kaihui 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWith the rise of 2D materials, copper (Cu) is revealed as good surface catalyst, especially in the self‐limited growth of graphene. In the regime of surface catalyst, the catalytic activities and functionalities of Cu should be highly dependent on its surface type. Traditional methods to determine the surface index are mainly high‐vacuum based surface science techniques and are typically of low throughput and in small scale. A method to fast detect the surface index of Cu in large scale is still lacking. Here, the authors report an effective optical contrast method to identify the Cu surface index in large area. This method is based on the Cu2O‐thickness dependent color of Cu surface after a mild oxidation in hot air. It is revealed that different Cu surfaces (Cu(111), Cu(100), and Cu(110) as examples) have various oxidation barriers and would exhibit distinct color evolution with heating time. It is also showed that graphene grown on Cu surfaces with varied orientations has totally different growth behaviors. The results would greatly facilitate the high‐throughput determination of Cu surface index and accelerate the large‐scale facet‐dependent catalytic research of Cu, such as in single‐crystal graphene growth.
Development of Mixed‐Cation CsxRb1–xPbX3 Perovskite Quantum Dots and Their Full‐Color Film with High Stability and Wide Color Gamut
Authors: Baek Seungmin , Kim Sunghoon , Noh Jae Young , Heo Jin Hyuck , Im Sang Hyuk , Hong Ki‐Ha , Kim Sang‐Wook 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMixed‐cation CsxRb1–xPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) perovskite quantum dots (PeQDs) are developed and show high quantum yields of 93% and 86% for green and blue wavelengths, respectively. The stability is significantly improved under heat, UV, and water aging conditions. These improved properties are explained by the increased defect formation resistance and exciton binding energy with Rb incorporation. Perovskite films are fabricated using CsxRb1–xPbX3 PeQDs and cyclic olefin copolymer. The films have a wide color gamut covering up to 104.15% of the BT.2020‐defined color space, with the white light color coordinates of (0.33, 0.32), luminance of 68.86 Cd m−2, and correlated color temperature of 5299 K at 20 mA.
Characterization of structural and optical properties of plasma polymerized diethanolamine thin films
Authors: Banu Nasima , Bhuiyan Abu H. , Hossain Khandker S. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDiethanolamine was polymerized onto glass substrates to obtain plasma polymerized diethanolamine (PPDEOA) thin films by a plasma reactor consisting of two parallel plates through AC plasma polymerization. The surface morphology of PPDEOA thin films of various thicknesses taken at different magnifications was observed to be mosaic‐like structure. The films were uniform, defect‐free, and pinhole‐free. The average roughness and root mean square roughness values are 0.706–0.997 and 1.0–1.3 nm, respectively, as observed by atomic force microscope. The structural difference between the monomer and the PPDEOA was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The direct and indirect band gaps of PPDEOA thin films were found to be 3.15–2.83 and 1.98–1.27 eV, respectively. Urbach energy, steepness parameter, refractive index, and extinction coefficient were also evaluated. All optical parameters of the PPDEOA thin films determined in this study varied with the change in thickness.
Self‐Sensing Paper Actuators Based on Graphite–Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Films
Authors: Amjadi Morteza , Sitti Metin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSoft actuators have demonstrated potential in a range of applications, including soft robotics, artificial muscles, and biomimetic devices. However, the majority of current soft actuators suffer from the lack of real‐time sensory feedback, prohibiting their effective sensing and multitask function. Here, a promising strategy is reported to design bilayer electrothermal actuators capable of simultaneous actuation and sensation (i.e., self‐sensing actuators), merely through two input electric terminals. Decoupled electrothermal stimulation and strain sensation is achieved by the optimal combination of graphite microparticles and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in the form of hybrid films. By finely tuning the charge transport properties of hybrid films, the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of self‐sensing actuators is remarkably enhanced to over 66. As a result, self‐sensing actuators can actively track their displacement and distinguish the touch of soft and hard objects.
Weak Electron Phonon Coupling and Deep Level Impurity for High Thermoelectric Performance Pb1−xGaxTe
Authors: Su Xianli , Hao Shiqiang , Bailey Trevor P. , Wang Si , Hadar Ido , Tan Gangjian , Song Tze‐Bin , Zhang Qingjie , Uher Ctirad , Wolverton Chris , Tang Xinfeng , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHigh ZT of 1.34 at 766 K and a record high average ZT above 1 in the temperature range of 300‐864 K are attained in n‐type PbTe by engineering the temperature‐dependent carrier concentration and weakening electron–phonon coupling upon Ga doping. The experimental studies and first principles band structure calculations show that doping with Ga introduces a shallow level impurity contributing extrinsic carriers and imparts a deeper impurity level that ionizes at higher temperatures. This adjusts the carrier concentration closer to the temperature‐dependent optimum and thus maximizes the power factor in a wide temperature range. The maximum power factor of 35 µW cm−1 K−2 is achieved for the Pb0.98Ga0.02Te compound, and is maintained over 20 µWcm−1 K−2 from 300 to 767 K. Band structure calculations and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy corroborate the amphoteric role of Ga in PbTe as the origin of shallow and deep levels. Additionally, Ga doping weakens the electron–phonon coupling, leading to high carrier mobilities in excess of 1200 cm2 V−1 s−1. Enhanced point defect phonon scattering yields a reduced lattice thermal conductivity. This work provides a new avenue, beyond the conventional shallow level doping, for further improving the average ZT in thermoelectric materials.
Long‐term survival and loss in expectancy of life in a population‐based cohort of 7114 patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Ekberg Sara , Jerkeman Mats , Andersson Per‐Ola , Enblad Gunilla , Wahlin Björn E , Hasselblom Sverker , Andersson Therese M. , Eloranta Sandra , Smedby Karin E. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSurvival has improved among patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with the addition of anti‐CD20 antibody therapy. We aimed to quantify trends and remaining loss in expectation of life (LEL) due to DLBCL at a national population‐based level. Patients diagnosed with DLBCL 2000‐2013 (N = 7114) were identified through the Swedish Lymphoma Registry and classified according to the age‐adjusted International Prognostic Index (aaIPI). The novel measure LEL is the difference between remaining life years among patients and the general population and was predicted using flexible parametric models from diagnosis and among 2‐year survivors, by age and sex. Median age at DLBCL‐diagnosis was 70 (18‐105) years and 54.8% presented with stage III‐IV disease. On average, LEL due to DLBCL decreased from 8.0 (95% CI: 7.7‐8.3) to 4.6 (95% CI: 4.5‐4.6) years over the study period. By risk group, LEL was most reduced among patients with aaIPI ≥2 aged 50‐60 years. However, these patients were still estimated to lose >8 years in 2013 (eg, LELmales50years 8.6 years (95% CI: 5.0‐12.3)). Among 2‐year survivors, LEL was reduced from 6.1 years (95% CI: 5.6‐6.5) (aaIPI ≥ 2) and 3.8 years (95% CI: 3.6‐4.1) (aaIPI < 2) to 1.1 (95% CI: 1.1‐1.2) and 1.0 year (95% CI: 0.8‐1.1), respectively. The reduction was observed across all ages. Results for females were similar. By using LEL we illustrate the improvement of DLBCL survival over time. Despite adequate immunochemotherapy, substantial LEL among patients with IPI ≥ 2 points to remaining unmet medical needs. We speculate that observed reduced losses among 2‐year survivors indicate a reduction of late relapses.
Chiral Recognition and Separation by Chirality‐Enriched Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Das Saikat , Xu Shixian , Ben Teng , Qiu Shilun 
Published: May 2018

AbstractEndowed with chiral channels and pores, chiral metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are highly useful; however, their synthesis remains a challenge given that most chiral building blocks are expensive. Although MOFs with induced chirality have been reported to avoid this shortcoming, no study providing evidence for the ee value of such MOFs has yet been reported. We herein describe the first study on the efficiency of chiral induction in MOFs using inexpensive achiral building blocks and fully recoverable chiral dopants to control the handedness of racemic MOFs. This method yielded chirality‐enriched MOFs with accessible pores. The ability of the materials to form host–guest complexes was probed with enantiomers of varying size and coordination and in solvents with varying polarity. Furthermore, mixed‐matrix membranes (MMMs) composed of chirality‐enriched MOF particles dispersed in a polymer matrix demonstrated a new route for chiral separation.
The Chemistry of the 2‐Phosphaethynolate Anion
Authors: Goicoechea Jose M. , Grützmacher Hansjörg 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn all likelihood the first synthesis of the phosphaethynolate anion, PCO−, was performed in 1894 when NaPH2 was reacted with CO in an attempt to make Na(CP) accompanied by elimination of water. This reaction was repeated 117 years later when it was discovered that Na(OCP) and H2 are the products of this remarkable transformation. Li(OCP) was synthesized and fully characterized in 1992 but this salt proved to be too unstable to allow for a detailed investigation of its chemistry. It was not until the heavier analogues of this lithium salt were isolated, Na(OCP) and K(OCP) (both of which are remarkably stable and can be even dissolved in water), that the chemistry of this new functional group could be explored. Here we review the chemistry of the 2‐phosphaethynolate anion, a heavier phosphorus‐containing analogue of the cyanate anion, and describe the wide breadth of chemical transformations for which it has been thus far employed. Its use as a ligand, in decarbonylative and deoxygenative processes, and as a building block for novel heterocycles is described. In the mere twenty‐six years since Becker first reported the isolation of this remarkable anion, it has become a fascinating reagent for the synthesis of a vast library of, often unprecedented, molecules and compounds.
The Antifibrotic Effect of A2B Adenosine Receptor Antagonism in a Mouse Model of Dermal Fibrosis
Authors: Karmouty‐Quintana Harry , Molina Jose G. , Philip Kemly , Bellocchi Chiara , Gudenkauf Brent , Wu Minghua , Chen Ning‐Yuan , Collum Scott D. , Ko Junsuk , Agarwal Sandeep K. , Assassi Shervin , Zhong Hongyan , Blackburn Michael R. , Weng Tingting 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveSystemic sclerosis (SSc; scleroderma) is a chronic disease that affects the skin and various internal organs. Dermal fibrosis is a major component of this disease. The mechanisms that promote dermal fibrosis remain elusive. Elevations in tissue adenosine levels and the subsequent engagement of the profibrotic A2B adenosine receptor (ADORA2B) have been shown to regulate fibrosis in multiple organs including the lung, kidney, and penis; however, the role of ADORA2B in dermal fibrosis has not been investigated. We undertook this study to test our hypothesis that elevated expression of ADORA2B in the skin drives the development of dermal fibrosis.MethodsWe assessed the involvement of ADORA2B in the regulation of dermal fibrosis using a well‐established mouse model of dermal fibrosis. Using an orally active ADORA2B antagonist, we demonstrated how inhibition of ADORA2B results in reduced dermal fibrosis in 2 distinct experimental models. Finally, using human dermal fibroblasts, we characterized the expression of adenosine receptors.ResultsWe demonstrated that levels of ADORA2B were significantly elevated in dermal fibrosis and that the therapeutic blockade of this receptor in vivo using an ADORA2B antagonist could reduce the production of profibrotic mediators in the skin and attenuate dermal fibrosis. Antagonism of ADORA2B resulted in reduced numbers of arginase‐expressing macrophages and myofibroblasts and in reduced levels of the extracellular matrix proteins fibronectin, collagen, and hyaluronan.ConclusionThese findings identify ADORA2B as a potential profibrotic regulator in dermal fibrosis and suggest that ADORA2B antagonism may be a useful approach for the treatment of SSc.
Probing the interaction of l‐captopril with metallo‐β‐lactamase CcrA by fluorescence spectra and molecular dynamic simulation
Authors: Shi Penghui , Zhang Yan , Li Yuhua , Bian Liujiao 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBoth the molecular recognition and interaction of metallo‐β‐lactamase CcrA with l‐captopril were studied by the combined use of fluorescence spectra and molecular dynamic simulation. The results showed that the binding constant was 8.89 × 104 L mol−1 at 296 K. Both Zn1 and Zn2 displayed tetrahedral coordination geometries in the CcrA–Lcap complex, the S atom in l‐captopril displaced the nucleophilic hydroxide in apo CcrA and occupied the fourth coordination site for each ion, resulting in a competitively inhibited CcrA enzyme. Strong electrostatic interaction between the two zinc ions in CcrA and negatively charged l‐captopril provided the main driving force for the binding affinity. Through a partly structural transformation from β‐sheet to random coil, loop 1 (residues 24–34) completely opened the binding pocket of CcrA to allow an induced fit of the newly introduced ligand. This study may provide some valuable information for designing and developing a more tightly binding inhibitor to resist superbugs.
The quality of sustainability assurance reports: The expertise and experience of assurance providers as determinants
Authors: Martínez‐Ferrero Jennifer , García‐Sánchez Isabel‐María , Ruiz‐Barbadillo Emiliano 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of sustainability assurance reports and some aspects associated with it: expertise (a practitioner attribute) and experience (a characteristic of the contractual relationship). Specifically, it examines the impact of the assurance provider's expertise and experience on assurance quality, measured through an index based on a content analysis approach with items related to the reporting format, assurance procedures, and recommendations and opinions. This paper also examines the moderating effect of the type of assurance provider on these relationships. For a sample of international listed companies from the period 2007–14, our evidence shows greater quality of assurance reports when the assurers are industry specialists than when they are nonspecialists, because of their strong industry knowledge, and when the assurers have greater experience in the assurance market because of the extended length of the assurer–client relationship. In addition, the higher quality associated with industry expertise and experience is increased when assurance providers are also accounting firms, given their greater skills and training within the audit profession.
Prospective analysis of different combined regimens of stereotactic body radiation therapy and chemotherapy for locally advanced pancreatic cancer
Authors: Zhu Xiaofei , Shi Dongchen , Li Fuqi , Ju Xiaoping , Cao Yangsen , Shen Yuxin , Cao Fei , Qing Shuiwang , Fang Fang , Jia Zhen , Zhang Huojun 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTo identify impacts of different combined regimens of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) and chemotherapy on survival of patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) and factors correlated with determinations of different combinations. Four hundred and nineteen patients with radiographically and biopsy‐proven LAPC were prospectively enrolled. Factors associated with different strategies were analyzed with Chi‐square test and contingency coefficients. Cox regression was used to identify factors predictive of survival. Prognostic values of different multimodality were further analyzed by propensity score‐matched analysis. Median overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) of all patients was 13.2 and 8.2 months, respectively. Baseline ECOG correlated with induction chemotherapy, while tumor stage, lymph node invasion, and toxicity after SBRT associated with adjuvant chemotherapy. Patients with induction chemotherapy alone (12.2 months), adjuvant chemotherapy alone (13.6 months), and induction and adjuvant chemotherapy (13.3 months) had longer OS than those without chemotherapy (11.2 months; P < .001), while adjuvant chemotherapy alone and induction and adjuvant chemotherapy increased PFS. An adjusted overall survival benefit was gained with adjuvant chemotherapy compared with induction and adjuvant chemotherapy (OS: 14.7 months [95% CI: 14.2‐15.2 months] vs 13.1 months [95% CI: 12.3‐13.9 months]; P < .001) (PFS: 8.8 months [95% CI: 8.4‐9.2 months] vs 8.1 months [95% CI: 7.4‐8.8 months]; P = .053). Induction and adjuvant chemotherapy, especially adjuvant chemotherapy, plus SBRT may improve OS and PFS. Baseline performance status, tumor stage, lymph node involvement, and toxicity after SBRT influenced determinations of upfront multimodality.
Primary tumor sidedness is an independent prognostic marker for survival in metastatic colorectal cancer: Results from a large retrospective cohort with mutational analysis
Authors: Kamran Sophia C. , Clark Jeffrey W. , Zheng Hui , Borger Darrell R. , Blaszkowsky Lawrence S. , Allen Jill N. , Kwak Eunice L. , Wo Jennifer Y. , Parikh Aparna R. , Nipp Ryan D. , Murphy Janet E. , Goyal Lipika , Zhu Andrew X. , Iafrate A. John , Corcoran Ryan B. , Ryan David P. , Hong Theodore S. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractRecent reports demonstrate inferior outcomes associated with primary right‐sided vs left‐sided colorectal tumors in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). We sought to describe our experience with mCRC patients on whom we have molecular data to determine whether primary tumor sidedness was an independent prognostic marker for overall survival (OS). mCRC patients with documented primary tumor sidedness who received mutational profiling between 2009 and 2014 were identified (n = 367, median follow‐up 30.4 months). Mutational profiling for >150 mutations across commonly mutated cancer genes including RAS, PIK3CA, BRAF, and PTEN as well as treatment data, including receipt of a biologic agent, were collected. Univariable/multivariable models were used to analyze relationships between collected data and OS. Among 367 patients, sidedness breakdown was as follows: 234 left (64%), 133 right (36%). 56% were male, with a median age at diagnosis of 57 (range 24‐89). A total of 143 patients had RAS mutations. Five‐year OS was 41%, median OS was 54 months (range 1‐149). Five‐year OS for left‐ vs right‐sided tumors was 46% vs 24% (P < .0001). On univariable analysis, among both RAS wildtype and mutant tumors, left‐sided tumors continued to have improved OS vs right‐sided tumors (HR: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.34‐0.69 RAS wildtype; HR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.40‐0.95 RAS mutant). Left‐sidedness was an important prognostic factor for OS among RAS wildtype patients despite treatment with or without a biologic agent (P < .05). Left‐sidedness remained significant for improved OS on multivariable analysis (P < .0001). Left‐sided primary tumor remained most important prognostic factor for OS, even when adjusting for mutational status and receipt of biologic agent.
A shared augmented virtual environment for real‐time mixed reality applications
Authors: Zhu Yu , Li Shiying , Luo Xi , Zhu Kang , Fu Qiang , Chen Xilin , Gong Huixing , Yu Jingyi 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHeadsets for virtual reality such as head‐mounted displays have become ubiquitous and bring immersive experiences to individual users. People who stand outside the virtual world may want to share the same scenes that are shown on the screen of the headset. It is therefore of great importance to merge real and virtual worlds into the same environment, where physical and virtual objects exist simultaneously and interact in real time. We propose shared augmented virtual environment (SAVE), a mixed reality (MR) system that overlays the virtual world with real objects captured by a Kinect depth camera. We refine the depth map and exploit a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) based natural image matting method to obtain the real objects from cluttered scenes. In the synthetic MR world, we can render real and virtual objects in real time and handle the depth from both worlds properly. The advantage of our system is that we connect the virtual and real worlds with a bridge controller mounted on the Kinect and need to calibrate the whole system only once before use. Our results demonstrate that the proposed SAVE system is able to create high‐quality 1080p live MR footage, enabling realistic virtual experiences to be shared among a number of people in potential applications such as education, design, and entertainment.