bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crossing Boundaries: Developing Transdisciplinary Skills in Engineering Education
Authors: Tan Tanya , Nesbit Susan , Ellis Naoko , Ostafichuk Peter 
Published: April 2019

Transdisciplinary engineering curricula prepare future engineers with a holistic understanding of complex real-world problems, and the ability to tackle these problems with knowledge and skills in both engineering and non-engineering areas. What are transdisciplinary skills in the engineering education context? What learning activities can we design and implement to develop students’ transdisciplinary skills in the first-year engineering program? How can we assess transdisciplinary skills and evaluate the instructional effectiveness of these learning activities?The current study is an initial attempt to explore these questions. We introduce a conceptual framework ofusing systems thinking, empathy and metacognition asproxy indicators of transdisciplinary skills, and presentthe learning activities we have designed to developstudent competencies in these areas. In addition, wepropose an evaluation approach that includes a surveyinstrument and formative learning assessment, with which we investigate the relationships among empathy, systems thinking, and metacognitive skills in the context ofengineering education.
Tingkat Pengetahuan Kader Tentang Deteksi Dini Resiko Tinggi Ibu Hamil Dengan Perilaku Melapor Pada Tenaga Kesehatan
Authors: Purwaningrum Yuniasih 
Published: April 2019

Kehamilan dan persalinan merupakan proses alami, tetapi perlu perawatan diri yang khusus agar ibu dan janin dalam keadaan sehat. karena itu kehamilan yang normalpun mempunyai resiko, namun tidak secara langsung meningkatkan resiko kematian ibu. Keadaan tersebut dinamakan faktor resiko.Pada tahun 2016 deteksi dini resiko tinggi ibu hamil oleh kader di Kabupaten Bondowoso mencapai 7,99 % dari target yang ada 10 %, sedangkan data yang diperoleh dari Puskesmas Wringin dengan jumlah kader 220 orang dan jumlah ibu hamil 625 selama kurun waktu 1 tahun (2016) pencapaian deteksi dini resiko tinggi ibu hamil 2,3 %. Maka dilakukan penelitian hubungan tingkat pengetahuan kader tentang deteksi dini resiko tinggi ibu hamil dengan perilaku melapor pada tenaga kesehatan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Wringin Kabupaten Bondowoso Tahun 2017.Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah analitik korelasi dengan populasi menggunakan cross sectional 220 sample 65 kader, dengan mengunakan sample wilayah atau area probability sample. Untuk mengukur tingkat pengetahuan dengan mengunakan kuisioner dengan katagori, baik, cukup, kurang dan perilaku melapor pada tenaga kesehatan dengan menggunakan lembar tulis dengan kategori melapor, sebagian melapor, tidak melapor. Kemudian data diolah dengan uji statistik Chi Square.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pengetahuan kader tentang deteksi dini resiko tinggi kehamilan dengan kreteria baik 31 orang (48 %), kriteria cukup 34 orang (52 %) kriteria kurang 0 (0 %). Perilaku melapor pada tenaga kesehatan 49 orang (75 %) melaporkan semua kejadian 16 orang (25 %) melaporkan sebagian. Uji statistik dengan taraf signifikansi 0,05 di dapatkan hasil X2 hitung 3.790.899. Sedangkan X2 tabel chi square sebesar 3.481 maka ho ditolak dan ha diterima. Ada hubungan pengetahuan kader tentang deteksi dini resiko tinggi ibu hamil dengan perilaku melapor dengan kekuatan hubungan 0,234749.Dari hasil penelitian berdasarkan jawaban dan perilaku melapor bahwa pengetahuan kader berpengaruh secara signifikansi (rendah/lemah tapi pasti) terhadap perilaku kader dalam melaporkan deteksi dini resiko tinggi ibu hamil. Untuk itu perlu di pertahankan dan di tingkatkan lagi sehingga tidak ada ibu hamil resiko tinggi yang tidak terdeteksi. Kata kunci : Pengetahuan, Kader Melapor, Deteksi Dini Resiko Tinggi Ibu Hamil
The new method for hiatal hernia laparoscopic alloplasty
Authors: A. V. Malinovsky  , S. Y. Badion  , I. I. Horbachuk  
Published: April 2019

The aim — to analyze the immediate results of the first experience of a new laparoscopic mesh repair method for the hiatal hernia.Materials and methods. Five patients with an age ranging from 38 to 70 years, and a body mass index ranging from 28 to 35 kg/m2, undergone laparoscopic mesh repair and Nissen fundoplication using new method called «internal buttress of posterior crural repair». The average area of the hernia was 9.8 cm2 (from 8 to 16 cm2). In all cases, there was a thinning of the cruras and the upper part of the border of the hiatal. Two pieces of rectangular mesh Parietene ProGrip (Covidien, USA), measuring from 0.8 ´ 2.5 cm to 1.0 ´ 3.0 cm, were fixed by their hooks to the inner surface of the crura. Then, cruroraphy together with the both pieces of the mesh was done using a self­gripping non­absorbable continuous suture with V­loc 2­0 (Covidien, USA).Results and discussion. The mean duration of repair was 20 minutes (range 15 to 35 minutes). The mesh implants were not shifted when flashing and at the same time their position could be corrected. The rupture of the crura and the bleeding from the bite points were not observed. When tightening the thread, cruras approached to each other well. There were no cases of dysphagia.Conclusions. The new method of the internal buttres of posterior crural repair using self­gripping lightweight polyester mesh (Parietene ProGrip, Covidien, USA) demonstrated its technical feasibility and safety. The new method combines the advantages of positioning of a mesh posteriorly to the crura and the comfortability of posterior crural repair. More cases collection with assessment of long­term results and comparing with other methods is needed.
An Analytical study of Optimal Die Design of Elliptic Tube
Authors: S. Muthanna H. 
Published: April 2019

In this study, die profile of the elliptic tube extrusion is analysis to predict the optimum die design by using upper bound theory. Developed manner in determining the relative extrusion power by dividing the extrusion die for different sector and calculate the relative deformation power of each sector under different condition which are reduction of area, friction factor and relative die length. The study predicts a new equation for determining the optimum die length with taking in the count the effects of those variables. The surface of the die is generated by an envelope of straight lines drawn from the points on the perimeter at the entry section to corresponding points at exist of the die. An upper bound technique based on the kinematically admissible velocity field is used to determine the forming stress. A complex program built in Visual Fortran V5.0 used to calculate relative extrusion power with variable friction factor (relative optimum extrusion power for values of reduction area are changed from 52.6% at area reduction equals to 0.15 to 82.8% at area reduction equals to 0.4). ANSYS program is used to compare the behavior and values of relative extrusion stress for optimum relative die length at constant reduction of area (R.A.=25%). The results are compared with other papers theoretical and experimental results are found to be in a very good agreement.
The Nonlinear Contact Simulation for Manufacturing Process by Using ANSYS Program as Case study with Cylindrical rolling contact
Authors: Ghali Ammar Dawood 
Published: April 2019

Numerical simulation plays an indispensable role in the modern manufacturing process, especially in production operation and metal forming by using different of forming Dies Because it give perfect product design to improving quality and performance and reduce the time and cost .Because of the most of forming operation include contact option between the product surface (contact surface) and Die surface (Target surface) then the determination of the contact surface nature and material behavior ( uniform linear ) or ( not uniform nonlinear) that very effect on the carryout of forming process with required product .To improving simulation accuracy, approximations of linear behavior have become less acceptable, while it is possible to perform nonlinear analysis and design more often while minimizing approximations, the nonlinear analysis capabilities in general-purpose programs such as ANSYS Mechanical.The significance of the research is into linear simulation analysis and its limitation and development to nonlinear simulation where interest with the development manufacturing processes that including change in the geometry , properties and material behavior through forming ,the search give an example of Case study with Cylindrical rolling contact that very important for wide application to manufacturing processes such as drawing ,Rolling ,Forging , Extrusion, Bending and other .The structural nonlinearities can be classified as geometric nonlinearity, material nonlinearity, and contact or boundary nonlinearity Numerical results indicate the success of ANSYS contact technologies in solving very large scale engineering problems especially large deformation frictional contact problems with the new surface based contact elements have many advantages over the node based contact elements .
Effect of Enlarging the Aircraft Vertical Tail on State Variables of Stability Response during Dynamic Coupling
Authors: Shamikh Abdul Jabbar Jwair 
Published: April 2019

In this paper the variables of high performance aircraft including the modification of vertical tail during the roll inertia cross coupling phenomenon is presented. To demonstrate the effects of the enlarging the area of vertical tail on stability of aircraft, the longitudinal-lateral equations of aircraft motion at steady roll rate are solved. The results indicate that damping of the modified system is increased and the longitudinal-lateral state variables response of the aircraft is improved. The increase in the area of the vertical fin is a necessary feature in the development of the aircraft to improve stability during roll and decrease the possibility of cross coupling occurrence. Also the results indicated that the critical value of roll rate in case 1,at Mach no.=0.6, takes the range of ,while the values of critical roll rates in case 2,3 and 4 are , , ,Respectively. The numerical results shows 19% , 15.5% , and 15% gain in rolling margin for cases 2, 3, and 4 respectively, when compared with original (case 1) .
Speech Recognition using Wavelets and Improved SVM
Authors: Hussien Emad Ahmed , Ahmed Mohannad Abid Shehab , Taha Haithem Abd Al-Raheem 
Published: April 2019

Speaker recognition (identification/verification) is the computing task of validating a user’s claimed identity using speaker specific information included in speech waves: that is, it enables access control of various services by voice. Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) based systems for speaker recognition have shown robust results for several years and are widely used in speaker recognition applications. This paper is based on text independent speaker recognition system that makes use of Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) as a feature extraction and kernel Support Vector Machine (SVM) approach as a classification tool for taking the decision through applying simplified-Class Support Vector Machine approach. The proposed SVM approach can convert local Euclidean distances between frame vectors to angles by projecting these -dimensional vectors together, and get the minimum global distance from the non-linear aligned speech path in order to address audio classiﬁcation, and hence, sound recognition.The DWT for each frame of the spoken word are taken as a tool for extracting the main feature as a data code vectors, next these data is normalized utilizing the normalized power algorithm that is used to reduce the number of feature vector coefficients then these data is scaled and tested with those stored of the training spoken words to achieve the speaker identification tasks, also the DWT gives fixed amount of data that can be utilized modesty by SVM.Finally, the proposed method is tested and trained upon a very large data base with results limited to ten speakers only (5 males and 5 females) with words of maximally 17 phenomena and its performance gives an accurate and stable results which rises the algorithm efficiency and reduce the execution time with 97% overall accuracy.
EGR Effect On Performance of a Spark Ignition Engine Fueled with Blend of Methanol-Gasoline
Authors: Chaichan Miqdam Tariq 
Published: April 2019

This paper examines the results of performance of a single cylinder spark- ignition engine fuelled with 20% methanol +80% gasoline (M20), compared to gasoline. The experiments were conducted at stoichiometric air–fuel ratio at wide open throttle and variable speed conditions, over the range of 1000 to 2600 rpm. The tests were conducted at higher useful compression ratio using optimum spark timings and adding recirculated exhaust gas with 20% to suction manifold.
The test results show that the higher compression ratio for the tested gasoline was 7:1, 9.5:1 for M20 and 9:1 for M20 with added EGR. M20 at higher useful compression ratio (HUCR) and optimum spark timing (OST) characteristics are significantly different from gasoline. Within the tested speed range, M20 consistently produces higher brake thermal efficiency by about 6%. Also it resulted in approximately 3.06% lower brake specific fuel consumption compared with gasoline. Adding EGR to M20 caused reduction in HUCR and advancing the OST. This addition increased brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), reduced brake thermal energy, volumetric efficiency and exhaust gas temperatures.
Image Quality Enhancing by Efficient Histogram Equalization
Authors: Baqer Ismail Sh. 
Published: April 2019

A two Level Image Quality enhancement is proposed in this paper. In the first level, Dualistic Sub-Image Histogram Equalization DSIHE method decomposes the original image into two sub-images based on median of original images. The second level deals with spikes shaped noise that may appear in the image after processing. We presents three methods of image enhancement GHE, LHE and proposed DSIHE that improve the visual quality of images. A comparative calculations is being carried out on above mentioned techniques to examine objective and subjective image quality parameters e.g. Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio PSNR values, entropy H and mean squared error MSE to measure the quality of gray scale enhanced images.
For handling gray-level images, convenient Histogram Equalization methods e.g. GHE and LHE tend to change the mean brightness of an image to middle level of the gray-level range limiting their appropriateness for contrast enhancement in consumer electronics such as TV monitors. The DSIHE methods seem to overcome this disadvantage as they tend to preserve both, the brightness and contrast enhancement. Experimental results show that the proposed technique gives better results in terms of Discrete Entropy, Signal to Noise ratio and Mean Squared Error values than the Global and Local histogram-based equalization methods
Flexural Strength of Reinforced Concrete Two way Slabs Strengthened and Repaired by High Strength Ferrocement at Tension Zone
Authors: Abdullah Mazen D. , Sheriff Mustafa , Hateem Aqeel 
Published: April 2019

This paper presents a study of the flexural behavior of strengthened and repaired reinforced concrete two slabs by ferrocement layers. This study included testing 11 simply supported two way slabs, which include 1 control slabs, 8 strengthened slabs and 2 repaired slabs. In the strengthened slabs the effect of the thickness of ferrocement layers, the compressive strength for mortar and number of wire mesh layers of ferrocement on the ultimate load, mid span deflection at ultimate load and intensity of cracks was investigate. In the repaired part the slabs were loaded to (74 %) of measured ultimate load of control slab. The effect of connection method between repaired slabs and ferrocement jacket on the ultimate load, mid span deflection at ultimate load and intensity of cracks was examined. All reinforced concrete slab specimens were designed of the same dimensions and reinforce identically to fail in flexure. All slabs have been tested in simply supported conditions subjected to central concentrated load. The experimental results show that the ultimate loads are increased by about (4.6-19.2%) for the slabs strengthened with ferrocement with respect to the unstrengthened reinforced concrete slab (control slab).
Removal of Zinc by Bitter Orange Peels Activated Carbon and Commercially Activated Carbon, a Comparison Study.
Authors: Hawal Laith Hamdan 
Published: April 2019

In this study, a comparison between using activated carbon prepared from bitter orange peels (BOAC) and a common commercially activated carbon (CAC), which is brought from the market, as adsorbent materials. This study was designed to find out which of these two activated carbons is more effective in the removal of zinc from waste water. This work examines the use of bitter orange peels, which are available as waste in local markets and in household garbage as an alternative presage to prepare an activated carbon by using (H2SO4) as activating reagent. The effects of pH, initial zinc concentrations, treatment time, adsorbent media bed height and the flow rate of simulated synthetic aqueous solution (SSAS) on the removal efficiency of zinc were all studied under 24oC
The results indicated that the removal efficiency of zinc increases with decreasing in pH of SSAS. When the initial concentration of zinc increases in SSAS, the removal efficiency of zinc was decreased. The study proved that the increasing of contact time leads to greater removal efficiency. When the height of adsorbent media in fixed column increases, the removal efficiency was increased. The experiments also showed that the removal efficiency of zinc from the SSAS increased, when the flow rate decreased. It could be concluded from this work that (BOAC) is better than (CAC) as an adsorbent materials in the removal of zinc; with a removal efficiency of (90%, 86%), respectively
Evaluation the Performance of Al-Horh Signalized Intersection Using ArcGIS (ModelBuilder)
Authors: Kshash Salih Suliman 
Published: April 2019

Signalized intersections are key elements in the urban transportation network where carry heavy traffic of motorized and non-motorized vehicles and pedestrians the intersection during peak periods. Intersection congestion is expressed in terms of level of service (LOS) as defined by the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM).Level of service is defined in terms of delay and ranges from LOS A (free-flow conditions) to LOS F (long delays). Delay represents an average stopped delay per vehicle fora 15-minute analysis period.
The objective of this paper is to evaluate the operational capacity of intersection (AL-Horh) in AL-Kut city.AL-Horh intersection is a ground intersection with four legs. Itrepresent one of the main intersections in Al-kut city for it links the traffic coming from Al- Zafaf Street to Al- Hora and Al- Kafaat Street. The volumes of traffic get congested in the morning and evening at this intersection.To achieve the evolution performance of intersection 700 TVL Samsung video cameras have been used to measure traffic volume in the intersections with 3.6mm lens and total station were used to survey the intersection whereas ArcGIS (ModelBuilder) were used for processing for the purposes traffic analysis process.The operational analysis of the existing conditions of this intersection indicates that the LOS is (F) with an intersection delay value of 175.363sec. /vehicle.
Prestressed Precast Hollow-Core Slabs with Different Shear Span to Effective Depth Ratio
Authors: Mhalhal Jasim Mahmood 
Published: April 2019

Four full scale precast prestressed hollow-core slabs were tested under the influence of four lines loading with various values of shear span to effective depth ratio (a/d) (1.5, 2, 3.5 and 5). The dimensions of the hollow-core slab were 2000 mm, 1200 mm and 150 mm (length, width and thickness, respectively). All slabs were cast with a high compressive strength concrete of approximately 79.5 MPa. Experimental test results showed four patterns of failure mode depending on the ratio of (a/d). They were flexural failure, flexure-shear failure and shear compression failure. In addition to combination failure between tension shear and anchorage failure, accompanied by sliding strand in concrete. The failure loads decreased about 19.6% as (a/d) increased by 233.3%. Finally, the highest first crack load, 110kN, was recorded for sample, HCS 1.5, having the lowest (a/d) ratio.
The impact of the absence of planning laws on the capacity of the centers of the cities
Authors: Shouk Mufeed E. 
Published: April 2019

All Iraqi cities also Erbil city are particularly significant growth since 2005 and so far because of great opening that took place and an increase in rates of economic growth which was reflected in the per capita income and the development of infrastructure and public services. Because of the big shortage in all kinds of service projects, residential and entertainment. decision maker adopting the idea of ​​investing in these areas and to develop and improve the reality after coming out of economic crises caused by wars over the country in general and the events experienced by the city of Irbil, in particular, and for the work and construction, attracting foreign investments had to be set up a facilities to investment firms and investors for the success of the process decision makers try to find the laws of planning or change the laws planning in according to the wishes of investors and to stimulate the investment process and thus develop and improve services and meet the requirements without referring to the main reasons that the laws has set for it.
As is well known to urban planners that the laws designed to protect the uses of the land where you are trying to stop any abuses would confuse the planning process.