bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Late Quaternary climate change explains soil fungal community composition rather than fungal richness in forest ecosystems
Authors: Ji Niu‐Niu , Gao Cheng , Sandel Brody , Zheng Yong , Chen Liang , Wu Bin‐Wei , Li Xing‐Chun , Wang Yong‐Long , Lü Peng‐Peng , Sun Xiang , Guo Liang‐Dong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe dramatic climate fluctuations of the late Quaternary have influenced the diversity and composition of macroorganism communities, but how they structure belowground microbial communities is less well known. Fungi constitute an important component of soil microorganism communities. They play an important role in biodiversity maintenance, community assembly, and ecosystem functioning, and differ from many macroorganisms in many traits. Here, we examined soil fungal communities in Chinese temperate, subtropical, and tropic forests using Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the fungal ITS1 region. The relative effect of late Quaternary climate change and contemporary environment (plant, soil, current climate, and geographic distance) on the soil fungal community was analyzed. The richness of the total fungal community, along with saprotrophic, ectomycorrhizal (EM), and pathogenic fungal communities, was influenced primarily by the contemporary environment (plant and/or soil) but not by late Quaternary climate change. Late Quaternary climate change acted in concert with the contemporary environment to shape total, saprotrophic, EM, and pathogenic fungal community compositions and with a stronger effect in temperate forest than in tropic–subtropical forest ecosystems. Some contemporary environmental factors influencing total, saprotrophic, EM, and pathogenic fungal communities in temperate and tropic–subtropical forests were different. We demonstrate that late Quaternary climate change can help to explain current soil fungal community composition and argue that climatic legacies can help to predict soil fungal responses to climate change.
Discharged and dismissed: A qualitative study with back pain patients discharged without treatment from orthopaedic consultations
Authors: Braeuninger‐Weimer Kathrin , Anjarwalla Naffis , Pincus Tamar 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundConsultation‐based reassurance for patients with low back pain (LBP) in primary care has been shown to be associated with patients' outcomes. Little is known about the role of reassurance in people with LBP consulting with orthopaedic spinal care teams. Reassurance may be important, especially in cases where surgery is not indicated and patients are discharged without treatment.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with 30 patients with chronic disabling musculoskeletal LBP who had recently consulted with spinal orthopaedic care teams. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, coded and analysed.ResultsMost patients reported feeling dismissed and discouraged. Patients perceived that they needed specific behaviours from practitioners in order to feel sufficiently reassured to commit to self‐management. These behaviours group into four domains: “Knowing my whole story” (evidence that practitioners read the case notes; were familiar with the patients' previous health care history; carried out tests and a physical examination and gathered information about the patients' lifestyle), “Seeing the right person” (showing empathy; listening; building rapport and demonstrating that they are qualified and experienced), “Nothing to worry about” (reducing generic reassuring statements but increasing validating statements recognizing suffering) and “Getting to grips with my problem” (providing explanations and a clear management plan). In the absence of these behaviours, patients rejected advice to self‐manage, reported distress, anger and intention to re‐consult.ConclusionEffective communication with patients attending spinal orthopaedic care settings is important, especially when no active treatment is being offered.SignificanceThis study describes narratives from patients discharged without surgery following consultations with orthopaedic professionals for persistent and debilitating lower back pain. Findings suggest that these interactions are distressful to patients, and that patients require comprehensive and specific reassurance to promote self‐management. The findings contribute a unique insight into the special needs of people with complex pain problems and provide guidance to improve consultation‐based reassurance in orthopaedic spinal care settings.
Ideal‐filter capillary electrophoresis: A highly efficient partitioning method for selection of protein binders from oligonucleotide libraries
Authors: Le An T. H. , Krylova Svetlana M. , Krylov Sergey N. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSelection of affinity ligands for protein targets from oligonucleotide libraries currently involves multiple rounds of alternating steps of partitioning of protein‐bound oligonucleotides (binders) from protein‐unbound oligonucleotides (nonbinders). We have recently introduced ideal‐filter capillary electrophoresis (IFCE) for binder selection in a single step of partitioning. In IFCE, protein‐binder complexes and nonbinders move inside the capillary in the opposite directions, and the efficiency of their partitioning reaches 109, i.e., only one of a billion molecules of nonbinders leaks through IFCE while all binders pass through. The condition of IFCE can be satisfied when the magnitude of the mobility of EOF is smaller than that of the protein‐binder complexes and larger than that of nonbinders. The efficiency of partitioning in IFCE is 10 million times higher than those of solid‐phase‐based methods of partitioning typically used in selection of affinity ligands for protein targets from oligonucleotide libraries. Here, we provide additional details on our justification for IFCE development. We elaborate on electrophoretic aspects of the method and define the theoretical range of EOF mobilities that support IFCE. Based on these theoretical results, we identify an experimental range of background electrolyte's ionic strength that supports IFCE. We also extend our interpretation of the results and discuss in‐depth IFCE's prospective in practical applications and fundamental studies.
Performance, rate of heat release, and combustion stability of dual‐fuel mode in a small diesel engine
Authors: Oishi Yoshihiko , Situmorang Riky Stepanus , Sembiring Rio Arinedo , Kawai Hideki , Ambarita Himsar 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBiodiesel fuel and biogas fuel as promising alternative energy sources for dual‐fuel‐mode diesel engine attract more researchers. Therefore, this study highlights the dual‐fuel mode (DFM) operation of diesel engine using biodiesel fuel from used cooking oil and simulated biogas fuel with different methane contents (M40, M60, M80, and M100) on the combustion, rate of heat release, combustion stability, and performance. The observation of diesel engine was conducted by varying the torques from 3.5 Nm, 10.5 Nm, 17.6 Nm, and 24.6 Nm and by varying the engine speeds from 1800 rpm, 2000 rpm, 2200 rpm, 2400 rpm, and 2600 rpm, respectively. It was found that in DFM at a low torque the thermal efficiency decreased, but biogas replacement, biogas energy, and sfc values increased. The relation of the results of biodiesel replacement, biogas energy ratio, and brake thermal efficiency with methane content ratio in DFM show that the methane content ratio has the maximum effect in DFM. In addition, the carbon dioxide content in the biogas can enrich the brake thermal efficiency. The combustion stability of all conditions (1.7%‐4.89%) is still acceptable.
Deep‐seated gravitational slope deformation (DSGSD) and slow‐moving landslides in the southern Tien Shan Mountains: new insights from InSAR, tectonic and geomorphic analysis
Authors: Teshebaeva Kanayim , Echtler Helmut , Bookhagen Bodo , Strecker Manfred 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe investigated deep‐seated gravitational slope deformation (DSGSD) and slow mass movements in the southern Tien Shan Mountains front using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) time‐series data obtained by the ALOS/PALSAR satellite. DSGSD evolves with a variety of geomorphological changes (e.g. valley erosion, incision of slope drainage networks) over time that affect earth surfaces and, therefore, often remain unexplored. We analysed 118 interferograms generated from 20 SAR images that covered about 900 km2. To understand the spatial pattern of the slope movements and to identify triggering parameters, we correlated surface dynamics with the tectono‐geomorphic processes and lithologic conditions of the active front of the Alai Range. We observed spatially continuous, constant hillslope movements with a downslope speed of approximately 71 mm year−1 velocity. Our findings suggest that the lithological and structural framework defined by protracted deformation was the main controlling factor for sustained relief and, consequently, downslope mass movements. The analysed structures revealed integration of a geological/structural setting with the superposition of Cretaceous–Paleogene alternating carbonatic and clastic sedimentary structures as the substratum for younger, less consolidated sediments. This type of structural setting causes the development of large‐scale, gravity‐driven DSGSD and slow mass movement. Surface deformations with clear scarps and multiple crest lines triggered planes for large‐scale deep mass creeps, and these were related directly to active faults and folds in the geologic structures. Our study offers a new combination of InSAR techniques and structural field observations, along with morphometric and seismologic correlations, to identify and quantify slope instability phenomena along a tectonically active mountain front. These results contribute to an improved natural risk assessment in these structures. © 2019 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Scallop mantle extract inhibits insulin signaling in HepG2 cells
Authors: Kariya Takahide , Takahashi Koto , Itagaki Daisuke , Hasegawa Yasushi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractScallops are important marine products in Hokkaido, Japan. Not only scallop adductor muscle but also mantle is often eaten at sashimi or smoking in Japan. We showed previously that feeding the scallop mantle epithelial cell layer causes an increase in serum glucose concentration and the death of rats. To clarify the mechanism of glucose metabolism disorder by mantle epithelial cell layer, we investigated whether extracts from mantle tissue (mantle extract) induce insulin resistance using HepG2 cells. Mantle extract suppressed insulin‐stimulated phosphorylation of Akt, key protein which is involved in insulin signaling. In addition, treatment of HepG2 cells with mantle extract decreased significantly glycogen content and mRNA expression levels of glucose‐6‐phosphatase (G6Pase) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) involved in gluconeogenesis, suggesting that mantle extract inhibits insulin signaling. These results show that mantle extract inhibits insulin signaling in HepG2 cells, suggesting that an increase in serum glucose concentration in vivo may be due to the inhibition of insulin signaling.
Influence of reduction temperature on the formation of intermetallic Pd2Ga phase and its catalytic activity in CO2 hydrogenation to methanol
Authors: Ahmad Kaisar , Upadhyayula Sreedevi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe global warming and change in climatic conditions due to rising concentration of CO2 in atmosphere are the most important challenges of 21st century. Catalytic conversion of CO2 to methanol will not only check global warming but also provide an alternative source of fuel. The phase purity of solid catalysts has a considerable influence on the desired product selectivity. Reduction temperature is one of the most important parameters responsible for catalyst phase formation. Herein, the effect of a range of reduction temperatures between 100 and 600°C on the phase composition of Pd–Ga bimetallic catalyst and CO2 hydrogenation to methanol activity was investigated. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed the formation of different phases at different reduction temperatures. The variation in catalyst structure was also analyzed using field emission scanning electron microscope‐energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (FESEM‐EDS), Brunaue–Emmett–Teller, H2 chemisorption, and transmission electron microscopy techniques. The influence of reduction temperature, pressure (1–25 bar), H2/CO2 ratio (3–9), and reaction temperature (150–250°C) on methanol and CO selectivity from CO2 hydrogenation at atmospheric pressure was also studied. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Social role functioning in Parkinson's disease: A mixed‐methods systematic review
Authors: Perepezko Kate , Hinkle Jared T. , Shepard Melissa D. , Fischer Nicole , Broen Martinus P.G. , Leentjens Albert F.G. , Gallo Joseph J. , Pontone Gregory M. 
Published: May 2019

ObjectivesParkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that often impedes activities of daily living (ADL) and social functioning. Impairment in these areas can alter social roles by interfering with employment status, household management, friendships, and other relationships. Understanding how PD affects social functioning can help clinicians choose management strategies that mitigate these changes.MethodsWe conducted a mixed‐methods systematic review of existing literature on social roles and social functioning in PD. A tailored search strategy in five databases identified 51 full‐text reports that fulfilled the inclusion criteria and passed the quality appraisal. We aggregated and analyzed the results from these studies and then created a narrative summary.ResultsOur review demonstrates how PD causes many people to withdraw from their accustomed social roles and experience deficits in corresponding activities. We describe how PD symptoms (eg, tremor, facial masking, and neuropsychiatric symptoms) interfere with relationships (eg, couple, friends, and family) and precipitate earlier departure from the workforce. Additionally, several studies demonstrated that conventional PD therapy has little positive effect on social role functioning.ConclusionsOur report presents critical insight into how PD affects social functioning and gives direction to future studies and interventions (eg, couple counseling and recreational activities).
The effects of the financial crisis on the general and dental health status of Greek citizens
Authors: Vlasiadis Konstantinos , Samaritaki Euaggelia , Koutsamani Maria , Konstantinidis Theocharis , Tzoutzas Ioannis G. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryPurposeTo present the impact of the financial crisis on health status and dental health in Greece and compare it to the European Union and Finland and to identify any changes in health‐related expenditure focusing on pharmaceutical expenditure and generic medicines.Design/methodology/approachDatabases as Scopus, Pubmed, Google Scholar, World Health Organization, Eurostat, and Elstat were used.FindingsIndicators, such as mortality and life expectancy, show that there is no clear correlation between health deterioration and financial crisis while dental health has deteriorated. Out‐of‐pocket expenses were found to be catastrophic, and the use of generic medicines is still limited.Practical implicationsProper prescribing of medicines, coverage of health care costs by the government, and cost savings from the use of generic medicines were implemented. As regards dental care, the state should focus on prevention as well as reinforcement of public dental care services.Originality/valueThe break through idea is to compare the impact of the financial crisis on health indexes in Greece with the European Union and Finland, to focus on pharmaceutical expenditure, generic medicines, and dental health.
Stimuli‐responsive poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) hydrogels from carboxylic acid‐functionalized crosslinkers
Authors: Bingol H. Betul , Agopcan‐Cinar Sesil , Bal Tugba , Oran D. Ceren , Kizilel Seda , Kayaman‐Apohan Nilhan , Avci Duygu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTailoring hydrogel properties by modifications of the crosslinker structure is a good method for the design of hydrogels with a wide range of properties. In this study, two novel carboxylic acid‐functionalized dimethacrylate crosslinkers (1a and 2a) are synthesized by the reaction of poly(ethylene glycol) or 2‐hydroxyethyl disulfide with tert‐butyl α‐bromomethacrylate followed by cleavage of tert‐butyl groups using trifluoroacetic acid. Their copolymerization reactivity with 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) investigated by photopolymerization studies performed on photo‐differential scanning calorimetry shows higher reactivity of 2a compared to 1a. These crosslinkers are then used at different ratios for fabrication of pH‐ and redox‐responsive poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate)‐based hydrogels. The swelling behavior of the hydrogels is found to be dependent on the structure of the crosslinker, degree of crosslinking, pH, and CaCl2 concentration. The redox‐responsive behavior is demonstrated by degradation of the hydrogel upon exposure to 1,4‐dithiothreitol. The dye Rhodamine 6G and the drug resorcinol are used as models to demonstrate the pH and redox dependent release of loaded compounds from the hydrogels. The electrostatic interactions between the carboxylate groups and the positively charged R6G are found to govern the release profile in DTT and counteract the diffusion of dye molecules and significant amount of release (79% in 120 hr) occurs only at highly acidic conditions. The degradation mediated release in DTT is observed better in case of resorcinol (around 88% in 5 hr). Overall, these hydrogels can be regarded as good candidates for several applications, such as matrices for controlled release, tissue repair, and regeneration.
Employee disputes and CEO turnover: Evidence from labor lawsuits
Authors: Unsal Omer , Rayfield Blake 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this study, we use a unique hand‐collected data set of employee lawsuits to understand the effect of litigation on CEO turnover. We gather 28,258 employee disputes (after initial court hearing) dating between the years 2000 and 2014 to test the relationship between executive turnover following employee allegations. We find increased turnover of CEOs following labor lawsuits. Additional analysis suggests that, following the lawsuits, CEO compensation decreases and becomes more sensitive to cash holding. Our results show that employee lawsuits have an impact on CEO turnover, regardless of the case outcome or motivation. Overall, we document the importance of employee treatment in the workplace. We conclude employee treatment may impact both the tenure and future job prospects of a CEO.
Some evidence on the impact of internal audit on external audit fees
Authors: Hazami‐Ammar Sourour 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe examine responses of 2,160 internal auditors to a global survey of the internal auditing profession carried out by the Institute of Internal Auditors Research Foundation from 2009 to 2013. We found that when the internal audit function's (IAF's) quality is high, the external audit fees will be low. This result confirms the substitution effect. We also found that when internal audit hours work increase, audit fees will be high; indicating a complementary effect between these variables. The internal auditor can be the external audit assistant and fully engaged in specific monitoring and control tasks. Nevertheless, he also may be an independent partner of an external audit and fully engaged in corporate governance. If the external auditor apprehends that audit risk is low due to the quality of the IAF, he will require lower fees. If the IAF's work devoted to external audit is high, a signal of a great firm commitment in reinforcing corporate governance is transmitted. Such signal proves the company's willingness to invest more in improving the external audit quality and fees will be high.
Fair value, management discretion, and audit fees: An empirical analysis
Authors: Miah Muhammad Shahin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe main objective of this study is to investigate the impact of complexity resulting from fair value adoption on audit fees. Using a sample of 9,619 firm‐year observations from the United States, this study finds that auditors charge higher audit fees for firms exposed to higher level of complexity due to fair value adoption. More specifically, this study focuses on research and development expenditure, intangibles, goodwill, and property, plant and equipment to compute the intensity of complexity as these items are heavily affected by the fair value which is subject to management discretion. The results suggest that the greater level of complexity arising from the above sources increase auditors' efforts and risks level, thereby, results in higher audit fees. Further analysis, however, shows that auditors do not charge additional audit fees for complexity arising from goodwill if they have intangibles. It is because of economies of scale by auditors, they design their audit program which covers goodwill audit when they do audit for intangibles. Overall, the results support the proposition that judgmental or discretionary choice available for management increases audit risks, and auditors, to compensate higher risks, charge greater audit fees.
Role of microRNAs in osteogenesis of stem cells
Authors: Moghaddam Tayebe , Neshati Zeinab 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOsteogenic differentiation is a controlled developmental process in which external and internal factors including cytokines, growth factors, transcription factors (TFs), signaling pathways and microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles. Various stimulatory and inhibitory TFs contribute to osteogenic differentiation and are responsible for bone development. In addition, cross‐talk between several complex signaling pathways regulates the osteogenic differentiation of some stem cells. Although much is known about regulatory genes and signaling pathways in osteogenesis, the role of miRNAs in osteogenic differentiation still needs to be explored.miRNAs are small, approximately 22 nucleotides, single‐stranded nonprotein coding RNAs which are abundant in many mammalian cell types. They paly significant regulated roles in various biological processes and serve as promising biomarkers for disease states. Recently, emerging evidence have shown that miRNAs are the key regulators of osteogenesis of stem cells. They may endogenously regulate osteogenic differentiation of stem cells through direct targeting of positive or negative directors of osteogenesis and depending on the target result in the promotion or inhibition of osteogenic differentiation.This review aims to provide a general overview of miRNAs participating in osteogenic differentiation of stem cells and explain their regulatory effect based on the genes targeted with these miRNAs.