bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
To manage a complex dependency: The experience of caregiving after a fall
Authors: de la Cuesta‐Benjumea Carmen , Ramis‐Ortega Emilia , Arredondo Gonzalez Claudia Patricia 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTAimTo understand the experience of family members of an older relative who has had a fall which required medical attention.BackgroundThere is abundant bibliography in caregiving, but little is known about the problems faced by caregivers and how family members cope when their older relative has a fall.DesignQualitative study that used a symbolic interactionism perspective.MethodsTwenty‐two people with older relatives, who had had a fall and contacted health services in Spain, participated in the study. Data were obtained via written accounts, focus groups, and semi‐structured interviews between February 2014 ‐ December 2015. Analysis was guided by grounded theory procedures.ResultsWith the fall, dependency becomes a complex issue for the family. To manage a complex dependency is the core issue that emerges from the data analysis. It depicts family efforts to assist their relative in gaining autonomy after a fall, in the best conditions they can provide. They do this with little guidance and support from healthcare professionals.ConclusionsGuides and protocols for the care of a fragile older person, particularly after a fall, should not only include care but also support to caregivers. Health professionals and especially nurses need to be aware and respond to the family caregivers needs after a fall. To the fall prevention initiatives already in place, it must be added that those who support family members to cope with the care of an older person who has had a fall.
What do stakeholders understand by self‐determination? Consensus for its evaluation
Authors: Vicente Eva , Guillén Verónica Marina , Gómez Laura Elisabet , Ibáñez Alba , Sánchez Sergio 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundAdvances in international studies on self‐determination point out the need for continuous efforts to deepen its understanding and implications. The aim of this study is to obtain a comprehensive pool of items to operationalize the self‐determination construct that serves as a starting point towards a valid instrument based on the reports of others.MethodWe conducted a Delphi study of three rounds involving three panels of experts: ten professionals, five people with intellectual disability and six relatives of people with intellectual disability. Data analysis required both qualitative and quantitative methods.ResultsThe initial pool of 131 items was refined through the different rounds to a final set composed of 115—some were removed and new ones were added. Content‐based evidence is provided. In this study, the present authors generated a potential valid pool of items to develop a new measurement tool based on the latest advances on the self‐determination theoretical framework.ConclusionsThe implications for future research focus on strengthening the knowledge of self‐determination.
Relationships among self‐construal, gender, social dominance orientation, and interpersonal distance
Authors: Peker Müjde , Booth Robert W. , Eke Aylin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe present research focuses on the cognitive embodiment of physical proximity, through interpersonal distance’s relationship with self‐construal, gender, and social dominance orientation. Previous work showed that more independent self‐construal was associated with higher distancing preferences of participants, and that females tend to have higher interdependent self‐construal that lead them to prefer less interpersonal distance. We expected to replicate these findings. However, due to the relationship between power and interpersonal distance, it was argued that gender and perceptions regarding the social hierarchy would also play a role in predicting interpersonal distance. More specifically, it was predicted that while females who accept social hierarchies between males and females would prefer more distance when interacting with males, males would not differ in their preference for social distance. One hundred participants (67 female) completed the Comfortable Interpersonal Distance Scale, Independent and Interdependent Self‐Construal Scales and the Social Dominance Orientation Scale. Interdependent self‐construal was negatively correlated with overall preferred interpersonal distance. Moreover, females high on social dominance orientation preferred larger interpersonal distance from male adult strangers than from female adult strangers. The findings provide further support for the embodiment of self‐construal by showing that psychological closeness and heteronomy are related to physical closeness. The findings also highlight the importance of investigating communal sharing and authority ranking dimensions simultaneously when focusing on interpersonal distance as well as differentiating females’ interpersonal sensitivity due to low power with their high affiliation.
Phylogeography and historical demography of the arboreal pit viper Bothrops bilineatus (Serpentes, Crotalinae) reveal multiple connections between Amazonian and Atlantic rain forests
Authors: Dal Vechio Francisco , Prates Ivan , Grazziotin Felipe G. , Zaher Hussam , Rodrigues Miguel Trefaut 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimTo examine historical connections between rain forest habitats in the Neotropics based on the evolutionary history of the arboreal pit viper Bothrops bilineatus.LocationAmazonia and Atlantic Forest in South America.MethodsWe inferred phylogenetic relationships within Bothrops and phylogeographic relationships within B. bilineatus using both concatenated and species tree approaches under a Bayesian framework based on four mitochondrial and five nuclear genes. We inferred demographic history within B. bilineatus based on tests of alternative historical scenarios using coalescent simulations and Approximate Bayesian Computation.ResultsPhylogenetic analyses recovered four major clades within Bothrops bilineatus. The best‐fit historical scenario involved colonization of the Atlantic Forest by an Amazonian ancestor around 2 Mya, followed by range expansion in the Atlantic Forest. Subsequently, there was a colonization event into the Guiana Shield from an Atlantic Forest ancestor, dating back to around 0.3 Mya.Main conclusionThe complex demographic history of Bothrops bilineatus shows multiple connection events between Amazonia and the Atlantic Forest in the last 2 million years. Two previously hypothesized forest bridges, southern and northeastern, may have been involved in range expansions in this species. These results shed light on the historical processes involved in the diversification of this venomous South American snake, providing information about the historical dynamism of forested habitats in the Neotropics.
Past climate changes and strong oceanographic barriers structured low‐latitude genetic relics for the golden kelp Laminaria ochroleuca
Authors: Assis Jorge , Serrão Ester Álvares , Coelho Nelson Castilho , Tempera Fernando , Valero Myriam , Alberto Filipe 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimDrivers of intraspecific biodiversity include past climate‐driven range shifts and contemporary ecological conditions mediating connectivity, but these are rarely integrated in a common comprehensive approach. This is particularly relevant for marine organisms, as ocean currents strongly influence population isolation or connectivity, keeping or diluting the signatures left by past climates. Here we ask whether the coupling between past range shifts and contemporary connectivity explain the extant gene pools of Laminaria ochroleuca, a large brown alga structuring important marine forests from shallow to deep infralittoral grounds.LocationNortheastern Atlantic Ocean.TaxonLaminaria ochroleuca.MethodsWe estimated population genetic diversity and structure of L. ochroleuca across its entire distribution range using 15 polymorphic microsatellite markers. This was compared with the outcomes of a palaeoclimatic model predicting latitudinal and depth range shifts from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to the present. Genetic differentiation was further compared with potential connectivity inferred with a biophysical model developed with high‐resolution data from HYCOM (Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model).ResultsThe biogeographical distribution of genetic variability showed overall agreement with the predictions from independently inferred past range shifts. Multiple regions of persistence were identified in deep and upwelling settings at the lowest latitudes of the current species distribution, where higher and unique genetic diversity was retained. The biophysical model revealed that despite the possibility of long‐distance migration, contemporary oceanographic barriers strongly restrict connectivity of isolated genetic lineages.Main conclusionsIntegrating different processes at biogeographical scales explained the extant gene pools of marine forests of L. ochroleuca. Low‐latitude genetic relics harbour a disproportional evolutionary significance, persisting as ancient populations in isolated deep and upwelling climate refugia. Their inferred rates of dispersal may be insufficient to accommodate anticipated climate warming.
The quality of the assignment matters in hypermedia learning
Authors: Paans Cindy , Segers Eliane , Molenaar Inge , Verhoeven Ludo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn the present study, we investigated whether online learning behaviours (navigation and writing activities) mediated the relation between learner characteristics (prior knowledge, vocabulary knowledge, working memory, and motivation) and declarative knowledge. Specifically, we investigated whether the quality of participants' written assignments could further explain this relation. For this purpose, 62 fifth‐grade children participated in a WebQuest hypermedia assignment on the subject of the heart. Results showed that online learning behaviours did not mediate the relations between learner characteristics and declarative knowledge when the assignment quality was not included in the model. Adding assignment quality, however, revealed two serial mediation models. Prior knowledge predicted declarative knowledge via the writing activity “copying behaviour” and assignment quality, and vocabulary knowledge predicted declarative knowledge via the navigation activity “time spent on assignment pages” and assignment quality. These results show the importance of taking into account assignment quality when investigating knowledge acquisition in hypermedia environments.
Role of retinal pigment epithelium‐derived exosomes and autophagy in new blood vessel formation
Authors: Atienzar‐Aroca Sandra , Serrano‐Heras Gemma , Freire Valls Aida , Ruiz de Almodovar Carmen , Muriach Maria , Barcia Jorge M. , Garcia‐Verdugo Jose M. , Romero Francisco J. , Sancho‐Pelluz Javier 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAutophagy and exosome secretion play important roles in a variety of physiological and disease states, including the development of age‐related macular degeneration. Previous studies have demonstrated that these cellular mechanisms share common pathways of activation. Low oxidative damage in ARPE‐19 cells, alters both autophagy and exosome biogenesis. Moreover, oxidative stress modifies the protein and genetic cargo of exosomes, possibly affecting the fate of surrounding cells. In order to understand the connection between these two mechanisms and their impact on angiogenesis, stressed ARPE‐19 cells were treated with a siRNA‐targeting Atg7, a key protein for the formation of autophagosomes. Subsequently, we observed the formation of multivesicular bodies and the release of exosomes. Released exosomes contained VEGFR2 as part of their cargo. This receptor for VEGF—which is critical for the development of new blood vessels—was higher in exosome populations released from stressed ARPE‐19. While stressed exosomes enhanced tube formation, exosomes became ineffective after silencing VEGFR2 in ARPE‐19 cells and were, consequently, unable to influence angiogenesis. Moreover, vessel sprouting in the presence of stressed exosomes seems to follow a VEGF‐independent pathway. We propose that abnormal vessel growth correlates with VEGFR2‐expressing exosomes release from stressed ARPE‐19 cells, and is directly linked to autophagy.
BDNF: mRNA expression in urine cells of patients with chronic kidney disease and its role in kidney function
Authors: Endlich Nicole , Lange Tim , Kuhn Jana , Klemm Paul , Kotb Ahmed M. , Siegerist Florian , Kindt Frances , Lindenmeyer Maja T. , Cohen Clemens D. , Kuss Andreas W. , Nath Neetika , Rettig Rainer , Lendeckel Uwe , Zimmermann Uwe , Amann Kerstin , Stracke Sylvia , Endlich Karlhans 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPodocyte loss and changes to the complex morphology are major causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD). As the incidence is continuously increasing over the last decades without sufficient treatment, it is important to find predicting biomarkers. Therefore, we measured urinary mRNA levels of podocyte genes NPHS1, NPHS2, PODXL and BDNF, KIM‐1, CTSL by qRT‐PCR of 120 CKD patients. We showed a strong correlation between BDNF and the kidney injury marker KIM‐1, which were also correlated with NPHS1, suggesting podocytes as a contributing source. In human biopsies, BDNF was localized in the cell body and major processes of podocytes. In glomeruli of diabetic nephropathy patients, we found a strong BDNF signal in the remaining podocytes. An inhibition of the BDNF receptor TrkB resulted in enhanced podocyte dedifferentiation. The knockdown of the orthologue resulted in pericardial oedema formation and lowered viability of zebrafish larvae. We found an enlarged Bowman's space, dilated glomerular capillaries, podocyte loss and an impaired glomerular filtration. We demonstrated that BDNF is essential for glomerular development, morphology and function and the expression of BDNF and KIM‐1 is highly correlated in urine cells of CKD patients. Therefore, BDNF mRNA in urine cells could serve as a potential CKD biomarker.
CCR6 controls autoimmune but not innate immunity‐driven experimental arthritis
Authors: Bonelli Michael , Puchner Antonia , Göschl Lisa , Hayer Silvia , Niederreiter Birgit , Steiner Guenter , Tillmann Katharina , Plasenzotti Roberto , Podesser Bruno , Georgel Philippe , Smolen Josef , Scheinecker Clemens , Blüml Stephan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease, characterized by synovial infiltration of various inflammatory cells. Chemokines are involved in controlling the recruitment of different cell types into the synovial membrane. The role of CCR6 in the development of arthritis so far remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of CCR6 in the pathogenesis of arthritis using three different murine arthritis models. Compared to WT animals, CCR6−/− mice developed less clinical signs of arthritis in the collagen‐induced arthritis model but not in the K/BxN serum transfer arthritis model and in the human tumour necrosis factor transgenic arthritis model, suggesting a defect in adaptive effector functions but intact innate effector functions in the development of arthritis in CCR6−/− animals. In line with this, anti‐collagen antibody levels were significantly reduced in CCR6−/− mice compared with WT mice. Moreover, we demonstrate enhanced osteoclastogenesis in vitro in CCR6−/− mice compared with WT mice. However, we did not detect differences in bone mass under steady state conditions in vivo between WT and CCR6‐deficient mice. These data suggest that CCR6 is crucially involved in adaptive but not in innate immunity‐driven arthritis. CCR6 or its chemokine ligand CCL20 might represent a possible new target for the treatment of RA.
PLK1 inhibitor facilitates the suppressing effect of temozolomide on human brain glioma stem cells
Authors: Liu Naijie , Hu Guozhang , Wang Han , Li Zhaohui , Guo Zhigang 
Published: August 2018

AbstractGlioblastoma is the most frequent and most aggressive brain tumour in adults. Temozolomide is an oral chemotherapy drug and one of the major components of chemotherapy regimens used as a treatment of some brain cancers. We examined the tolerance of stem cells isolated from glioma cell line U87 and U251 to temozolomide (TMZ) and explored the effect of PLK1 (Polo like kinase 1) protein expression on TMZ sensibility. In our results, the inhibitory effects of TMZ on glioma cells U87, U251 and its stem cells were confirmed to be dose dependent and time dependent. Compared with glioma cells, the glioma stem cells showed a greater degree of tolerance. As the concentration of TMZ increased, the expression of PLK1 protein increased in U87 cells, CD133+ U87 stem cells and CD133‐ U87 cells. The increase range of PLK1 protein was large in CD133+ U87 stem cells and small in CD133‐ U87 cells. TMZ treatment in cells with low PLK1 protein expression efficiently suppressed the cell proliferation and sphere formation, while G2/M arrest was strongly induced. What's more, TMZ and PLK1 inhibitor synergize to inhibit glioma growth in vivo. In conclusion, our results suggest that down‐regulation of PLK1 protein enhanced the inhibition of TMZ on glioma stem cells, suggesting its clinical value to adverse TMZ resistance in glioma treatment.
Reduction of PINK1 or DJ‐1 impair mitochondrial motility in neurites and alter ER‐mitochondria contacts
Authors: Parrado‐Fernández Cristina , Schreiner Bernadette , Ankarcrona Maria , Conti Melissa M. , Cookson Mark R. , Kivipelto Miia , Cedazo‐Mínguez Ángel , Sandebring‐Matton Anna 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSubcellular distribution of mitochondria in neurons is crucial for meeting the energetic demands, as well as the necessity to buffer Ca2+ within the axon, dendrites and synapses. Mitochondrial impairment is an important feature of Parkinson disease (PD), in which both familial parkinsonism genes DJ‐1 and PINK1 have a great impact on mitochondrial function. We used differentiated human dopaminergic neuroblastoma cell lines with stable PINK1 or DJ‐1 knockdown to study live motility of mitochondria in neurites. The frequency of anterograde and retrograde mitochondrial motility was decreased in PINK1 knockdown cells and the frequency of total mitochondrial motility events was reduced in both cell lines. However, neither the distribution nor the size of mitochondria in the neurites differed from the control cells even after downregulation of the mitochondrial fission protein, Drp1. Furthermore, mitochondria from PINK1 knockdown cells, in which motility was most impaired, had increased levels of GSK3βSer9 and higher release of mitochondrial Ca2+ when exposed to CCCP‐induced mitochondrial uncoupling. Further analysis of the ER‐mitochondria contacts involved in Ca2+ shuttling showed that PINK1 knockdown cells had reduced contacts between the two organelles. Our results give new insight on how PINK1 and DJ‐1 influence mitochondria, thus providing clues to novel PD therapies.
Down‐regulated in OA cartilage, SFMBT2 contributes to NF‐κB‐mediated ECM degradation
Authors: Hussain Safdar , Sun Mengyao , Min Zixin , Guo Yuanxu , Xu Jing , Mushtaq Nosheen , Heng Lisong , Huang Huang , Zhao Yitong , Yuan Ying , Hussain Nazim , Zhang Fujun , Han Yan , Xu Peng , Sun Jian , Lu Shemin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe interplay between anabolic and catabolic factors regulates cartilage matrix homoeostasis. In OA, this balance is disrupted which results in cartilage degradation involving a plethora of inflammatory factors. Here, we identify a novel gene “Scm‐like with four MBT domains protein 2” (SFMBT2) negatively regulated in OA cartilage. Articular cartilage from human OA patients undergoing knee arthroplasty surgery exhibited significantly decreased levels of SFMBT2 compared to the normal controls. Down‐regulation of SFMBT2 by specific siRNA disturbed the metabolic homoeostasis and led to decreased expression of anabolic genes (SOX9, COL2A1) while increasing the expression of catabolic genes (MMP13 and ADAMTS4), in human chondrocytes. Finally, we revealed that SFMBT2 intervention by siRNA contributed to the catabolic phenotype of human chondrocytes mediated by NF‐kB pathway.
Controlled cellular redox, repressive hemin utilization and adaptive stress responses are crucial to metronidazole tolerance of Porphyromonas gingivalis persisters
Authors: Li Peng , Fung Yi‐Man Eva , Yin Xiaohui , Seneviratne Chaminda J. , Che Chi‐Ming , Jin Lijian 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundAntimicrobial‐tolerant microbial persisters critically account for various infections and inflammation. This study identified the characteristics of Porphyromonas gingivalis persisters, and explored their underlying survival mechanisms through proteomic profiling.MethodsPorphyromonas gingivalis cultured with different concentrations of hemin was treated with 100 μg/ml of metronidazole (MTZ). The viability of P. gingivalis persisters was determined by colony‐forming unit assay and LIVE/DEAD staining. The proteomic signature of P. gingivalis persister fractions was examined using LC‐MS/MS and bioinformatic analysis.ResultsA small fraction of P. gingivalis persisters survived from lethal MTZ treatment without heritability. At late exponential phase, the frequency of these persisters significantly increased when incubated with 1 μg/ml of hemin compared to 10 μg/ml. Higher levels of P. gingivalis persisters formed at stationary phase than the late exponential phase. High‐throughput proteomic analysis showed that the persisters markedly downregulated multiple proteins involved in electron transfer and heme/iron utilization essential for redox regulation and MTZ activation. Moreover, the persisters enabled to shut down major cellular activities (e.g. translation) and overexpress stress proteins.ConclusionThe presence and survival of metronidazole‐tolerant P. gingivalis persisters may be dominated by regulation of cellular redox state and enhanced via repression of heme/iron utilization, dormancy and stress responses.
Periodontitis and platelet count: A new potential link with cardiovascular and other systemic inflammatory diseases
Authors: Romandini Mario , Laforí Andreina , Romandini Pierluigi , Baima Giacomo , Cordaro Massimo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimAs an infection‐driven inflammatory disease, periodontitis could lead to a reactive increase in platelet count. This mechanism could partially mediate the well‐documented association between periodontitis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The aim of this cross‐sectional study was to test the presence of an association between periodontitis and platelet count in a representative sample of the South Korea population.Materials and methodsA total of 5,197 subjects representative of 34.9 million of adults were examined. Multivariate regression analyses were applied controlling for age, gender, smoking status, educational level, body mass index, alcoholism, diabetes and hypertension status, vitamin D serum levels and total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL and LDL blood levels.ResultsCompared to the non‐severe periodontitis group, subjects with severe periodontitis (CPI = 4) displayed 13,048.93 more platelets for μl of blood (95% CI: 3,296.26–22,801.61, p = 0.009) in the fully‐adjusted model. The association between severe periodontitis and platelet count has shown to be highlighted in subjects aged more than 60 years, females, non‐smokers and with normal HDL blood levels. A systemic inflammatory biomarker (white blood cell count) explained the 19.25% of this association.ConclusionsWithin the limitations of this study, periodontitis—especially severe—is independently associated with a considerable increase in platelet count which is explained, at least in part, by an increase in the systemic inflammation.