bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rhodium‐katalysierte Anellierung von Benzoesäuren mit α,β‐ungesättigten Ketonen durch C‐H‐, CO‐OH‐ und C‐C‐ Bindungsspaltung
Authors: Zhang Guodong , Hu Zhiyong , Belitz Florian , Ou Yang , Pirkl Nico , Gooßen Lukas J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn Gegenwart eines [Cp*RhCl2]2‐Katalysators, der Lewis‐Säure In(OTf)3 und der milden Base Na2CO3, durchlaufen aromatische Carboxylate und α,β‐ungesättigte Ketone einen einzigartigen Hydroarylierungs/Claisen/retro‐Claisen‐Prozess um die entsprechenden Indanone zu bilden. Während dieser Carboxylat‐dirigierten ortho‐C‐H‐Anellierung wird sowohl die C‐COR‐Bindung des Ketons, als auch die CO‐OH‐Gruppe der aromatischen Carbonsäure, gespalten und die Hydroxylgruppe vom aromatischen Acylrest auf den aliphatischen übertragen. Besonderen Nutzen hat diese Reaktion für zyklische Ketone. Hierbei werden Indanone mit aliphatischen carboxylattragenden Seitenketten gebildet, wodurch die molekulare Komplexität aromatischer Carbonsäuren in einem einzigen Schritt bedeutend erhöht werden kann.
The Effect of an Undergraduate Perioperative Nursing Course on Safety Knowledge
Authors: Danko Cynthia L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDespite national initiatives and ongoing efforts, keeping patients safe remains a challenge. Education is the key to preparing health care professionals to be able to prevent errors and provide safe patient care. In the past three decades, perioperative courses have been removed from nearly every nursing program in the United States, thereby eliminating the chance for students to learn nursing skills and concepts related to safety in the perioperative environment. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a perioperative nursing course on junior baccalaureate nursing students’ safety knowledge by testing students before and after they completed the course. Safety knowledge increased among the 44 student participants. Nursing program faculty members are encouraged to explore teaching opportunities beyond the traditional nursing educational model and include perioperative courses as part of the baccalaureate nursing curriculum to enhance patient safety.
Regenerative Wound Surgery: Practical Application of Regenerative Medicine in the OR
Authors: Gillette Brian , Criscitelli Theresa , Howell Raelina , Woods Jon , Acerra Michael , Gorenstein Scott 
Published: February 2019

AbstractChronic nonhealing wounds cause significant morbidity and mortality and remain a challenging condition to treat. Regenerative wound surgery involves operative debridement of wounds to remove dead and healing‐impaired tissue and bacterial contamination and, subsequently, the application of regenerative medicine treatments to accelerate healing. Regenerative treatments aim to restore native tissue structure and function by targeting biological mechanisms underlying impaired healing. A wide range of regenerative modalities are used for treating chronic and complex wounds, including decellularized scaffolds, living engineered donor tissues, autologous stem cells, and recombinant growth factors. Each of these modalities has specific and sometimes complex requirements for implementation. The advanced wound care team, including OR staff members, should be aware of how these products are used and regulated. This article highlights some of the common and emerging regenerative treatments that are applied in wound surgery and focuses on how the products are used practically in the OR.
Characterization of enhanced liquid mixing in T‐T mixer at various Reynolds numbers
Authors: Dundi Manoj , V.R.K Raju , V.P Chandramohan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPassive mixers of planar geometry are most preferred for micro total analysis systems (μTAS) due to their low cost, ease of integration, and robustness. They are also widely employed chemical processing field as they incur very low processing costs. A simple passive T‐mixer has been studied by many authors and used for various applications poor mixing at low Re (Re < 200) (laminar regime) and high Re (Re > 400) (pulsating vortex regime) is its main disadvantage respectively. This limitation is shown to be overcome here by employing a simple design called T‐T mixer. The results show significant increase of mixing quality with T‐T mixer at low Re (Re < 200) (hydrodynamic focusing effect) and at high Re (Re > 400) (overlapping of vortices). This remarkable improvement with T‐T mixer is obtained at the expense of very small rise in pressure drop compared with T‐mixer. The gap between two Ts of T‐T mixer is optimized, and found that lower gap (5 to 20 μm) T‐T mixer is more preferable. The effect of dissimilar inlet velocitieshas also been studied. Present study characterizes the flow and mixing behavior of optimized T‐T mixer in the Re range of 0 to 750.
Outstanding cavitation erosion resistance of hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane‐based polyurethane coatings
Authors: Qiao Xingnian , Chen Rongrong , Zhang Hongsen , Liu Jingyuan , Liu Qi , Yu Jing , Liu Peili , Wang Jun 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTCavitation erosion will create shock waves and water jets in turbulent flows. These impact pressures will affect the surface, which will lead to crack propagation and severe material degradation. In this study, we have developed hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane‐based polyurethanes (Si‐PUx) with hydroxypropyl polydimethylsiloxane (H‐PDMS) and polytetramethylene glycol (PTMG) as mixed soft segments and 2,4‐tolylene diisocyanate, 1,4‐butanediol, triethanolamine as hard segments via a polycondensation reaction and studied its properties. The cavitation wear experiment showed that the cavitation erosion resistance of Si‐PUx coating continuously improved with the increase of H‐PDMS content, while the adhesion force of Si‐PUs reduced with the increasing of H‐PDMS content. The surface of Si‐PUx coating after cavitation test was observed using an optical microscope and three‐dimensional profiler. The cumulative mass loss of Si‐PUx with 12.5 wt % H‐PDMS was only 2.96 mg and the surface showed no obvious holes and cracks after 80 h cavitation. The results showed that cavitation resistance had a correlation with degree of water resistance, hardness, adhesion strength, and dynamic mechanical properties of coating. It seemed that the Si‐PUx coating could withstand a longer period cavitation erosion resistance compared to high strength epoxy, which could be used as protective coating for flow components under water. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 47668.
Exploring the effect of organic–inorganic additives loaded on modified polyethersulfone membranes
Authors: Alenazi Noof A. , Alamry Khalid A. , Hussein Mahmoud A. , Elfaky Mahmoud A. , Asiri Abdullah M. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTIn this work, a novel modified polyethersulfone (PES) membrane was made by blending PES with organic biomolecules which were N1,N4‐bis(4‐sulfamoylphenyl)terephthalamide (SF), and N1, N4‐bis[4‐(N‐(5‐methylisoxazol‐3‐yl)sulfamoyl)phenyl]terephthalamide (SZ) to afford PES‐SF and PES‐SZ membranes. Antifouling properties of these modified membranes were examined against different types of bacteria and a fungus as well as by measuring the contact angle. The results showed the addition of these organic additives to PES membranes did not improve the hydrophilicity and exhibit any microbial activity. Thus, Cu2O nanoparticles were used with different concentrations to afford PES‐SF‐Cu2O and PES‐SZ‐Cu2O nanocomposites membranes. The results showed when Cu2O nanoparticles (3 wt %) was added to PES‐SF3 and PES‐SZ3 membranes, both membranes showed the best hydrophilicity with 67° for PES‐SF3‐Cu2O membrane and 77° for PES‐SZ3‐Cu2O membranes. PES‐SF3‐Cu2O and PES‐SZ3‐Cu2O membranes showed antibacterial against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. To evaluate the anticoagulant activity of the PES‐SF and PES‐SZ membranes, the clotting times using the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) were measured. The results showed PT level was prolonged for the pure PES membrane with 13 s and for PES‐SF1 membrane with 12.4 s while the PES‐SZ1 membrane showed no difference from the control (pure plasma). Contrary to the PT factor, APTT level of the PES‐SF membrane showed the longest time with 43 s. The results of APPT and PT seemed somewhat satisfactory for the PES‐SF while the PES‐SZ membrane did not show any difference from the control sample. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47686.
Returns to education in India: Capturing the heterogeneity
Authors: Mitra Anuneeta 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe aim of this article is to estimate the marginal rates of return to various levels of education in India, across the entire wage distribution. For this purpose, unit level data from the 68th round of the National Sample Survey Organisation (India) for the year 2011–2012 have been used, and the technique of quantile regression has been applied. Average estimates were ignored, and the heterogeneity in rates of return was captured across the following disaggregations: (a) all India, public and private sectors, (b) gender, and caste groups (scheduled tribes [STs], scheduled castes [SCs], other backward classes, and others). The findings showcase that the rates of return increased with consecutive higher levels of education. However, this impact varies across the disaggregations examined. The returns are the least for STs and SCs as compared with others (the unreserved category), with the differences in the rates of return being maximum in the private sector. Additionally, women experience a higher rate of return than men. These findings have important policy implications with respect to strengthening the public funding of higher education and encouraging participation from the marginalised segments (STs, SCs), which is otherwise dismal.
Utilizing herbarium specimens to quantify historical mycorrhizal communities
Authors: Heberling J. Mason , Burke David J. 
Published: February 2019

Premise of the StudyMycorrhiza are critical to ecosystem functioning, but a lack of historical baseline data limits our understanding of the long‐term belowground effects of global change. Herbarium specimens may provide this needed insight. However, it is unknown whether DNA of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can be reliably extracted from vascular plant specimen roots.MethodsWe sampled roots from herbarium specimens of four herbaceous forest species collected in western Pennsylvania between 1881–2008. Using molecular methods (terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequence analysis), we quantified AMF communities from specimen roots and tested for contamination.ResultsWe successfully amplified AMF DNA from 44% (21/48) of the root but not leaf samples, indicating specimen contamination was negligible. As expected, there were significant differences in AMF composition between plant species (P < 0.05). However, no differences in AMF communities were detected through time, possibly due to limited sample size and low amplification rates in recent collections.DiscussionHerbaria have potential as sources of valuable belowground microbial data to answer questions across geographic, temporal, and taxonomic scales otherwise not feasible. Ongoing methodological developments will only magnify this potential. Further tests are needed to determine curatorial practices that maximize this innovative use of herbarium specimens.
Monitoring a loss: Detection of the semi‐aquatic crocodile lizard (Shinisaurus crocodilurus) in inaccessible habitats via environmental DNA
Authors: Reinhardt Timm , van Schingen Mona , Windisch Heidrun Sigrid , Nguyen Truong Quang , Ziegler Thomas , Fink Patrick 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Assessing the conservation status of a species is strongly dependent upon data on species distribution and abundance. With the emergence of novel methods for species monitoring – such as the use of environmental DNA (eDNA) – monitoring success can be improved at reduced expenditure in the field, particularly in remote regions and terrains where access is difficult or dangerous.
The highly endangered crocodile lizard (Shinisaurus crocodilurus Ahl, 1930) inhabits fragmented sites of the remaining evergreen forest with running water systems in a narrow distribution range in southern China and north‐east Vietnam. Crocodile lizards spend most of the day within or above water bodies, which are commonly remote and inaccessible.
To monitor recent spatial occurrences, and to confirm the persistence or extinction of previously reported populations (especially in heavily altered habitats), the suitability of using eDNA and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was tested as an alternative method for monitoring this semiaquatic lizard.
To assess the accuracy and limitations of this method, eDNA results from the field were compared with eDNA data from mesocosms and census data on the actual abundance of this species in the field.
Environmental DNA of the crocodile lizard was detected in all of the positive controls, and in four of six natural sites; thus, all data collected using traditional field surveys were confirmed with eDNA results.
eDNA monitoring was found to be a reliable method for assessing the viability of populations; we suggest that it should be developed as a tool for efficient wildlife management, particularly under difficult field and funding conditions.
Affinity Maturation of the Anti–Citrullinated Protein Antibody Paratope Drives Epitope Spreading and Polyreactivity in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Kongpachith Sarah , Lingampalli Nithya , Ju Chia‐Hsin , Blum Lisa K. , Lu Daniel R. , Elliott Serra E. , Mao Rong , Robinson William H. 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveAnti–citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) are a hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). While epitope spreading of the serum ACPA response is believed to contribute to RA pathogenesis, little is understood regarding how this phenomenon occurs. This study was undertaken to analyze the antibody repertoires of individuals with RA to gain insight into the mechanisms leading to epitope spreading of the serum ACPA response in RA.MethodsPlasmablasts from the blood of 6 RA patients were stained with citrullinated peptide tetramers to identify ACPA‐producing B cells by flow cytometry. Plasmablasts were single‐cell sorted and sequenced to obtain antibody repertoires. Sixty‐nine antibodies were recombinantly expressed, and their anticitrulline reactivities were characterized using a cyclic citrullinated peptide enzyme‐linked immuosorbent assay and synovial antigen arrays. Thirty‐six mutated antibodies designed either to represent ancestral antibodies or to test paratope residues critical for binding, as determined from molecular modeling studies, were also tested for anticitrulline reactivities.ResultsClonally related monoclonal ACPAs and their shared ancestral antibodies each exhibited differential reactivity against citrullinated antigens. Molecular modeling identified residues within the complementarity‐determining region loops and framework regions predicted to be important for citrullinated antigen binding. Affinity maturation resulted in mutations of these key residues, which conferred binding to different citrullinated epitopes and/or increased polyreactivity to citrullinated epitopes.ConclusionThese results demonstrate that the different somatic hypermutations accumulated by clonally related B cells during affinity maturation alter the antibody paratope to mediate epitope spreading and polyreactivity of the ACPA response in RA, suggesting that these may be key properties that likely contribute to the pathogenicity of ACPAs.
Metal–Organic Gels Derived from Iron(III) and Pyridine Ligands: Morphology, Self‐Healing and Catalysis for Ethylene Selective Dimerization
Authors: Li Botian , Zhou Xue , Liu Xiangyun , Ye Haimu , Zhang Ying , Zhou Qiong 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMetal‐organic gels showing potential application in catalysis have received much concern. In this work, we designed and synthesized two metal‐organic gels based on coordination between FeIII and pyridine ligands at room temperature. The gels were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to reveal their assembly structures and morphologies, and it was found the metal‐organic gel derived from di‐topic ligand was composed of three‐dimensional network of nanofibers, while the gel derived from tri‐topic ligand was constituted of sponge‐like structure with amorphous phase. Rheological analysis showed the gel consisting of nanofiber networks displayed self‐healing property. The gels were used as catalysts for selective ethylene dimerization, and the optimum catalysis results of the gel with nanofibers reached the maximal catalytic activity of 1.48×105 g/(mol Fe⋅h) with C4 yield more than 90 %, whereas the sponge‐like gel only gave 38 % C4 products at the same condition. The higher dimerization selectivity of the former FeIII gel was attributed to its regular assembly structure and lower steric hindrance of the surface metal sites. Due to its catalytic activity, high selectivity and preparation simplicity, the FeIII gel might be potentially applicable for the preparation of C4 α‐olefins.
A Hollow Microtubular Triazine‐ and Benzobisoxazole‐Based Covalent Organic Framework Presenting Sponge‐Like Shells That Functions as a High‐Performance Supercapacitor
Authors: El‐Mahdy Ahmed F. M. , Hung Ying‐Hui , Mansoure Tharwat Hassan , Yu Hsiao‐Hua , Chen Tao , Kuo Shiao‐Wei 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this paper we report the construction of a hollow microtubular triazine‐ and benzobisoxazole‐based covalent organic framework (COF) presenting a sponge‐like shell through a template‐free [3+2] condensation of the planar molecules 2,4,6‐tris(4‐formylphenyl)triazine (TPT‐3CHO) and 2,5‐diaminohydroquinone dihydrochloride (DAHQ‐2HCl). The synthesized COF exhibited extremely high crystallinity, a high surface area (ca. 1855 m2 g−1), and ultrahigh thermal stability. Interestingly, a time‐dependent study of the formation of the hollow microtubular COF having a sponge‐like shell revealed a transformation from initial ribbon‐like crystallites into a hollow tubular structure, and confirmed that the hollow nature of the synthesized COF was controlled by inside‐out Ostwald ripening, while the non‐interaction of the crystallites on the outer surface was responsible for the sponge‐like surface of the tubules. This COF exhibited significant supercapacitor performance: a high specific capacitance of 256 F g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1, excellent cycling stability (98.8 % capacitance retention over 1850 cycles), and a high energy density of 43 Wh kg−1. Such hollow structural COFs with sponge‐like shells appear to have great potential for use as high‐performance supercapacitors in energy storage applications.
Amberlite IRA 900 versus calcium alginate in immobilization of a novel, engineered β‐fructofuranosidase for short‐chain fructooligosaccharide synthesis from sucrose
Authors: Bedzo Oscar K. K. , Trollope Kim , Gottumukkala Lalitha D. , Coetzee Gerhardt , Görgens Johann F. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe immobilization of β‐fructofuranosidase for short‐chain fructooligosaccharide (scFOS) synthesis holds the potential for a more efficient use of the biocatalyst. However, the choice of carrier and immobilization technique is a key to achieving that efficiency. In this study, calcium alginate (CA), Amberlite IRA 900 (AI900) and Dowex Marathon MSA (DMM) were tested as supports for immobilizing a novel engineered β‐fructofuranosidase from Aspergillus japonicus for scFOS synthesis. Several immobilization parameters were estimated to ascertain the effectiveness of the carriers in immobilizing the enzyme. The performance of the immobilized biocatalysts are compared in terms of the yield of scFOS produced and reusability. The selection of carriers and reagents was motivated by the need to ensure safety of application in the production of food‐grade products. The CA and AI900 both recorded impressive immobilization yields of 82 and 62%, respectively, while the DMM recorded 47%. Enzyme immobilizations on CA, AI900 and DMM showed activity recoveries of 23, 27, and 17%, respectively. The CA, AI900 immobilized and the free enzymes recorded their highest scFOS yields of 59, 53, and 61%, respectively. The AI900 immobilized enzyme produced a consistent scFOS yield and composition for 12 batch cycles but for the CA immobilized enzyme, only 6 batch cycles gave a consistent scFOS yield. In its first record of application in scFOS production, the AI900 anion exchange resin exhibited potential as an adequate carrier for industrial application with possible savings on cost of immobilization and reduced technical difficulty.
Erythroplasia of Queyrat treated with imiquimod 5% cream: The necessity of regimen guidelines
Authors: Yokoyama Maiko , Egawa Gyohei , Makino Takamitsu , Egawa Kiyofumi 
Published: February 2019

Key Clinical MessageDevelopment of noninvasive treatments for erythroplasia of Queyrat, a carcinoma in situ, is expected. This case suggests topical imiquimod might be a candidate with regimens consisting of much longer duration of the treatment than for genital warts and the maintenance phase of the treatment course to prevent the relapse.
Insight of the Metal–Ligand Interaction in f‐Element Complexes by Paramagnetic NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Autillo Matthieu , Guerin Laetitia , Dumas Thomas , Grigoriev Mikhail S. , Fedoseev Alexandre M. , Cammelli Sebastiano , Solari Pier Lorenzo , Guillaumont Dominique , Guilbaud Philippe , Moisy Philippe , Bolvin Hélène , Berthon Claude 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe magnetic properties of LnIII and AnIII complexes formed with dipicolinate ligands have been studied by NMR spectroscopy. To know precisely the geometries of these complexes, a crystallographic study by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and extended X‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) in solution was performed. Several methods to separate the paramagnetic shifts observed in the NMR spectra were applied to these complexes. Methods using a number of nuclei of the dipicolinate ligands revealed an abrupt change in the geometries of the complexes and a metal–ligand interaction in the middle of the lanthanide series. A study of the variation of the paramagnetic shifts with temperature demonstrated that higher‐order terms of the dipolar and contact contributions are required, especially for the lightest LnIII and almost all the studied AnIII. Bleaney's parameters <Sz>a and
relating to the contact and dipolar terms, respectively, were deduced from experimental data and compared with the results of ab initio calculations. Quite a good agreement was found for the temperature dependencies of <Sz>a and
. However, the
values obtained from cation magnetic anisotropy calculations showed some discrepancies with the values derived from Bleaney's equation defined for LnIII. Other parameters, such as the crystal field parameter and the hyperfine constants Fi obtained from the experimental data of the [An(ethyl‐dpa)3]3− complexes (ethyl‐dpa=4‐ethyl‐2,6‐dipicolinic acid), are at odds with the assumptions underlying Bleaney's theory.