bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Market‐led options to scale up legume seeds in developing countries: Experiences from the Tropical Legumes Project
Authors: Rubyogo Jean‐Claude , Akpo Essegbemon , Omoigui Lucky , Pooran Gaur , Chaturvedi Sushil Kumar , Fikre Asnake , Haile Desmae , Hakeem Ajeigbe , Monyo Emmanuel , Nkalubo Stanley , Fenta Berhanu , Binagwa Papias , Kilango Michael , Williams Magdalena , Mponda Omari , Okello David , Chichaybelu Mekasha , Miningou Amos , Bationo Joseph , Sako Dramane , Kouyate Zoumana , Diallo Sory , Oteng‐Frimpong Richard , Yirzagla Julius , Iorlamen Teryima , Garba Umar , Mohammed Haruna , Ojiewo Chris , Kamara Alpha , Varshney Rajeev , Nigam Shyam Narayan , Janila Pasupuleti , Nadaf Hajisaheb Lalasab , Kalemera Sylvia 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThere are several hurdles to ensure sustainable seed production and consistent flow of improved legume varieties in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) and South Asia (SA). The unreliable demand, autogamous nature of most of the grain legumes, and slow variety replacement rate by smallholder farmers do not provide strong incentive for private seed companies to invest in legume seed business. Unless a well thought‐out and comprehensive approach to legume seed delivery is developed, current seed shortages will continue, eroding emerging market opportunities. The experiences reported here are collated through a 10‐year partnership project, the Tropical Legumes in SSA and SA. It fostered innovative public–private partnerships in joint testing of innovative market‐led seed systems, skills and knowledge enhancement, de‐risking private sector initiatives that introduced in new approaches and previously overlooked entities in technology delivery. As new public and private seed companies, individual seed entrepreneurs and farmer organizations emerged, the existing ones enhanced their capacities. This resulted in significant rise in production, availability and accessibility of various seed grades of newly improved and farmer demanded legume varieties in the target countries.
Selecting Indicators for Assessing Community Sustainable Resilience
Authors: Gillespie‐Marthaler Leslie , Nelson Katherine , Baroud Hiba , Abkowitz Mark 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCommunities are complex systems subject to a variety of hazards that can result in significant disruption to critical functions. Community resilience assessment is rapidly gaining popularity as a means to help communities better prepare for, respond to, and recover from disruption. Sustainable resilience, a recently developed concept, requires communities to assess system‐wide capability to maintain desired performance levels while simultaneously evaluating impacts to resilience due to changes in hazards and vulnerability over extended periods of time. To enable assessment of community sustainable resilience, we review current literature, consolidate available indicators and metrics, and develop a classification scheme and organizational structure to aid in identification, selection, and application of indicators within a dynamic assessment framework. A nonduplicative set of community sustainable resilience indicators and metrics is provided that can be tailored to a community's needs, thereby enhancing the ability to operationalize the assessment process.
Suicidal Ideation, Suicidal Attempts, and Self‐Harm in the UK Armed Forces
Authors: Jones Norman , Sharp Marie‐Louise , Phillips Ava , Stevelink Sharon A. M. 
Published: July 2019

IntroductionIn the UK military, suicide is infrequent and studies of self‐harm behavior in this population are rare.ObjectivesTo compare lifetime self‐harm rates estimated on three occasions between 2004 and 2016 and to explore the associates of lifetime self‐harm.MethodThree phases of a UK AF cohort study (n = 10,272, 9,990, and 8,581, respectively) provided data. Telephone interviews assessed associates of self‐harm among cohort members who reported subjective mental health problems in the past 3 years (n = 1,448). Validated measures of mental health and related stigmatization, social support, and help‐seeking were obtained.ResultsLifetime self‐harm increased significantly (p < .001) from 1.8% among serving personnel and 3.8% among veterans in 2004/06 to 1.9% and 4.5% in 2007/09 and to 4.2% and 6.6% in 2014/16 in the two groups, respectively. Veterans were consistently significantly more likely to report lifetime self‐harm than serving personnel. Significant determinants of lifetime self‐harm included current mental disorder symptoms, stigmatization, poor social support, suicidal ideation, and seeking help from formal medical sources.ConclusionSelf‐harm has increased over time in the UK serving and veteran community. Suicide prevention should focus on ameliorating mental disorder by encouraging engagement with health care, reducing negative views of mental illness, and fostering social support.
A systematic review of criteria used to report complications in soft tissue and oncologic surgical clinical research studies in dogs and cats
Authors: Follette Christelle M. , Giuffrida Michelle A. , Balsa Ingrid M. , Culp William T. N. , Mayhew Philipp D. , Oblak Michelle L. , Singh Ameet , Steffey Michele A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate reporting of surgical complications and other adverse events in clinical research articles describing soft tissue and oncologic surgery in dogs and cats.Study designSystematic literature review.SampleEnglish‐language articles describing soft tissue and oncologic surgeries in client‐owned dogs and cats published in peer‐reviewed journals from 2013 to 2016.MethodsCAB, AGRICOLA, and MEDLINE databases were searched for eligible articles. Article characteristics relevant to complications were abstracted and summarized, including reported events, definitions, criteria used to classify events according to severity and time frame, and relevant citations.ResultsOne hundred fifty‐one articles involving 10 522 animals were included. Canine retrospective case series of dogs predominated. Ninety‐two percent of articles mentioned complications in study results, but only 7.3% defined the term complication. Articles commonly described complications according to time frame and severity, but terminology and classification criteria were highly variable, conflicting between studies, or not provided. Most (58%) reported complications could have been graded with a published veterinary adverse event classification scheme, although common intraoperative complications were notable exceptions.ConclusionDefinitions and criteria used to classify and report soft tissue and oncologic surgical complications are often absent, incomplete, or contradictory among studies.Clinical significanceLack of consistent terminology contributes to inadequate communication of important information about surgical complications. Standardization of terminology and consistency in severity scoring will improve comparative evaluation of clinical research results.
Meta‐analysis of the effects of lidocaine on postoperative reflux in the horse
Authors: Durket Elyse , Gillen Alexandra , Kottwitz Jack , Munsterman Amelia 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the efficacy of lidocaine at reducing incidence of postoperative reflux (POR) in horses by using quantitative statistical analysis.Study designSystematic meta‐analytical review.Sample populationStudies on horses undergoing gastrointestinal surgery for small intestinal lesions, identified by systematic search between 2001 and 2017.MethodsA search with PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar was performed, followed by secondary searches of veterinary trade journals and bibliographies of relevant articles. The primary outcome measure for this study was the effect of lidocaine therapy on the odds of POR. Subgroup analysis assessed included the timing of lidocaine therapy, incidence of mortality, and incidence of repeat celiotomy. A meta‐analysis was performed with a random effects model, with the effect size calculated as an odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Statistical significance was set at P < .05.ResultsAmong 1933 peer reviewed publications that met the initial search criteria, 12 relevant studies were available for analysis. Lidocaine was associated with an increased incidence of diagnosis of POR (OR 6.3, 95% CI [1.4, 27.0], P = .01). Horses treated with lidocaine were more likely to survive to discharge (OR 6.8, 95% CI [3.9, 11.7], P < .01).ConclusionLidocaine was associated with an increased survival rate in horses undergoing exploratory celiotomy for small intestinal disease according to this meta‐analysis of the recent literature.Clinical significanceThis body of published evidence provides support to administer lidocaine in horses to improve survival rather than preventing POR.
Modelling the relationships between haemoglobin oxygen affinity and the oxygen cascade in humans
Authors: Shepherd John R. A. , Dominelli Paolo B. , Roy Tuhin K. , Secomb Timothy W. , Hoyer James D. , Oliveira Jennifer L. , Joyner Michael J. 
Published: July 2019

Key points
Haemoglobin affinity is an integral concept in exercise physiology that impacts oxygen uptake, delivery and consumption.
How chronic alterations in haemoglobin affinity impact physiology is unknown.
Using human haemoglobin variants, we demonstrate that the affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen is highly correlated with haemoglobin concentration.
Using the Fick equation, we model how altered haemoglobin affinity and the associated haemoglobin concentration influences oxygen consumption at rest and during exercise via alterations in cardiac output and mixed‐venous .
The combination of low oxygen affinity haemoglobin and reduced haemoglobin concentration seen in vivo may be unable to support oxygen uptake during moderate or heavy exercise.
AbstractThe physiological implications, with regard to exercise, of altered haemoglobin affinity for oxygen are not fully understood. Data from the Mayo Clinic Laboratories database of rare human haemoglobin variants reveal a strong inverse correlation (r = −0.82) between blood haemoglobin concentration and P50, an index of oxygen affinity [Hb = −0.3135(P50) + 23.636]. In the present study, observed P50 values for high, normal and low oxygen‐affinity haemoglobin variants (13, 26 and 39 mmHg) and corresponding haemoglobin concentrations (19.5, 15.5 and 11.4 g dL−1 respectively) are used to model oxygen consumption as a fraction of delivery at rest ( = 0.25 L min−1, cardiac output = 5.70 L min−1) and during exercise ( = 2.75 L min−1, cardiac output = 18.9 l min−1). With high‐affinity haemoglobin, the model shows that normal levels of oxygen consumption can be achieved at rest and during exercise at the assumed cardiac output levels, with reduced oxygen extraction both at rest (16.8% high affinity vs. 21.7% normal) and during exercise (55.8% high affinity vs. 72.2% normal). With low‐affinity haemoglobin, which predicts low haemoglobin concentration, oxygen consumption at rest can be sustained with the assumed cardiac output, with increased oxygen extraction (31.1% low affinity vs. 21.7% normal). However, exercise at 2.75 l min−1 cannot be achieved with the assumed cardiac output, even with 100% oxygen extraction. In conclusion, the model indicates chronic alterations in P50 associate directly with Hb concentration, highlighting that human Hb variants can serve as ‘experiments of nature’ to address fundamental hypotheses on oxygen transport and exercise.
Kinetostatic Analysis and Actuation Strategy of a Planar Tensegrity 2-X Manipulator
Authors: Furet Matthieu , Wenger Philippe 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
A planar tensegrity manipulator made of two X-mechanisms in series is studied in this paper. Contrary to a classical 2-R linkage, the proposed architecture does not contain elements subject to bending and it can be driven with remote actuation and cables in an antagonistic way. Accordingly, it is an interesting candidate for the design of lightweight manipulators with variable stiffness suitable for safe interactions. On the other hand, its kinematics is more challenging because of a variable instantaneous center of rotation of the X-mechanisms. First, the inverse kinematic problem is solved using an adequate methodology, the singularities are determined, and the workspace shape is analyzed as a function of the design parameters. Then, two actuation schemes are studied and the wrench feasible workspace is analyzed for each of them. The second actuation scheme provides a larger wrench feasible workspace and allows for stiffness control.
Are submarine landslides an underestimated hazard on the western North Atlantic passive margin?
Authors: Normandeau Alexandre , Campbell D. Calvin , Piper David J.W. , Jenner Kimberley A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe western North Atlantic passive margin is considered relatively stable, with few slope instabilities recognized during the Holocene. However, new multibeam bathymetry mapping and sediment core acquisition off eastern Canada indicate that previously unidentified, large, submarine landslide events occurred during the Late Holocene, between 4 and 1.5 ka. The recognition of these new gravitational events, in addition to the well-known C.E. 1929 Grand Banks earthquake-induced landslide, indicates that approximately one large landslide event per 1000 years has occurred offshore eastern Canada within the past 4000 years, a much shorter recurrence interval than hitherto reported. This Late Holocene recurrence rate is also similar to active margins around the world and is likely due to the under-consolidation and resultant instability of Scotian Slope sediments attributable to high glacial sedimentation rates. The discovery of these new Late Holocene landslides was made possible through detailed examination of cores recovered from the lower slope. These results demonstrate that submarine landslide hazard has been underestimated on the western North Atlantic margin—home to significant submarine infrastructure and proximal to a large coastal population.
Dosage reduction and discontinuation of biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and axial spondyloarthritis: protocol for a pragmatic, randomised controlled trial (the BIOlogical Dose OPTimisation (BIODOPT) trial)
Authors: Uhrenholt Line , Schlemmer Annette , Hauge Ellen-Margrethe , Christensen Robin , Dreyer Lene , Suarez-Almazor Maria E , Kristensen Salome 
Published: July 2019

IntroductionThe The BIOlogical Dose OPTimisation (BIODOPT) trial is a pragmatic, multicentre, randomised controlled, open-label, parallel-group, equivalence study designed to evaluate tapering of biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) in sustained clinical remission or low disease activity (LDA). Traditionally, these patients maintain standard dosage of bDMARD lifelong; however, recent studies indicate that a significant proportion of patients in sustained remission or LDA can taper their bDMARD and maintain stable disease activity. Thus, this trial aims to evaluate whether a disease activity-guided tapering strategy for bDMARDs will enable a significant dosage reduction while maintaining disease activity compared with usual care. From the individual patient’s standpoint as well as from a societal perspective, it would be advantageous if bDMARDs could be reduced or even discontinued while maintaining disease activity.Methods and analysisA total of 180 patients with RA, PsA or axSpA treated with bDMARDs and in clinical remission/LDA during the past 12 months will be enrolled from four centres in Denmark. Patients will be randomised in a ratio of 2:1 to either disease activity-guided tapering of bDMARDs (intervention group) or continuation of bDMARDs as usual care (control group).The primary objective is the difference between the two groups in the proportion of patients who have reduced their inclusion dosage of bDMARDs to 50% or less while maintaining stable disease activity at 18 months follow-up.Ethics and disseminationThe study is approved by the ethics committee of Northern Jutland, Denmark (N-20170073) and by the Danish Medicine Agency. Patient research partner KHH contributed to refinement of the protocol and approved the final manuscript. Results will be disseminated through publication in international peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration number2017-001970-41; Pre-results.
Learning from mistakes on social media
Authors: Edwards Sarah , Roland Damian 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundClinicians in the emergency care specialties often access information via social media (SM) to supplement their learning. The rapid and user-centred dissemination of information via SM speeds knowledge translation and means unnoticed errors may propagate quickly. East Midlands Emergency Medicine Educational Media is a UK web-based resource that produces emergency medicine-related learning materials. In October 2018, we inadvertently shared two sets of incorrect learning materials via SM because of a non-intentional mistake. We highlight how these errors were perpetuated and then corrected.MethodIn October 2018, two separate posts were published on Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and Reddit. One was an incorrect ECG where a paced rhythm was published instead of an ECG of hypocalcaemia; the other was incorrect information contained within an infographic. We reviewed the analytics of the posts, on each of the SM platforms.ResultsThe ECG mistake was picked up on Facebook 40 hours after posting by a follower. The infographic mistake was picked up on Reddit, within 3 hours. Despite these mistakes, and their correction, they continued to be shared on both Twitter and Facebook. The posts reached over 15 000 people.ConclusionHighlighting errors in educational content shared on SM is rarely reported in academic literature. We feel disclosure, and adding an update to the post is the best methodology to amend errors. We invite debate on a strategy to elucidate the number of errors in medical educational resources shared via SM and strategies on how to correct and improve them.
Progression of aortic root dilatation and aortic valve regurgitation after the arterial switch operation
Authors: van der Palen Roel L F , van der Bom Teun , Dekker Annika , Tsonaka Roula , van Geloven Nan , Kuipers Irene M , Konings Thelma C , Rammeloo Lukas A J , Ten Harkel Arend D J , Jongbloed Monique R M , Koolbergen Dave R , Mulder Barbara J M , Hazekamp Mark G , Blom Nico A 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveTo study neo-aortic growth and the evolution of neo-aortic valve regurgitation (AR) in patients with transposition of the great arteries (TGA) after arterial switch operation (ASO) from newborn to adulthood and to identify patients at risk.MethodsNeo-aortic dimensions (annulus/root/sinotubular junction) and neo-aortic valve regurgitation were assessed serially in 345 patients with TGA who underwent ASO between 1977 and 2015. Linear mixed-effect models were used to assess increase of neo-aortic dimensions over time and to identify risk factors for dilatation. Risk factor analysis for AR by using time-dependent Cox regression models.ResultsAfter a rapid increase in the first year after ASO and proportional growth in childhood, neo-aortic dimensions continue to increase in adulthood without stabilisation. Annual diameter increase in adulthood was 0.39±0.06, 0.63±0.09 and 0.54±0.11 mm for, respectively, neo-aortic annulus, root and sinotubular junction, all significantly exceeding normal growth. AR continues to develop over time: freedom from AR ≥moderate during the first 25 years post-ASO was 69%. Risk factors for root dilatation were complex TGA anatomy (TGA-ventricular septal defect (VSD), double outlet right ventricle with subpulmonary VSD) and male gender. Risk factors for AR ≥moderate were: complex TGA anatomy and neo-aortic growth. Per millimetre increase in aortic root dimension, there was a 9% increase in the hazard of AR ≥moderate. Bicuspid pulmonary valve did not relate to the presence of root dilatation or AR.ConclusionAfter ASO, neo-aortic dilatation proceeds beyond childhood and is associated with an increase in AR incidence over time. Careful follow-up of the neo-aortic valve and root function is mandatory, especially in males and in patients with complex TGA anatomy.
Psychosocial stress and bone loss among postmenopausal women: results from the Women’s Health Initiative
Authors: Follis Shawna L , Bea Jennifer , Klimentidis Yann , Hu Chengcheng , Crandall C J , Garcia David O , Shadyab Aladdin H , Nassir Rami , Chen Zhao 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundBone loss is a major public health concern with large proportions of older women experiencing osteoporotic fractures. Previous research has established a relationship between psychosocial stressors and fractures. However, few studies have investigated bone loss as an intermediary in this relationship. This study investigates whether social stress is associated with bone loss during a 6-year period in postmenopausal women.MethodsData from 11 020 postmenopausal women from the USA was used to examine self-reported psychosocial stress in relation to change in bone mineral density (BMD) measured at the femoral neck, lumbar spine and total hip. Linear regression models were used to examine associations between social measures of psychosocial stress (social strain, social functioning and social support) and per cent change in BMD over 6 years.ResultsHigh social stress was associated with decreased BMD over 6 years. After adjustment for confounders, each point higher in social strain was associated with 0.082% greater loss of femoral neck BMD, 0.108% greater loss of total hip BMD and 0.069% greater loss of lumbar spine BMD (p<0.05). Low social functioning and low social support were associated with greater decreases in femoral neck BMD, and low social functioning was associated with greater decreases in total hip BMD.ConclusionThe findings provide evidence for an association between high social stress and greater bone loss over 6 years of follow-up. In agreement with the prior literature, the findings for social strain and social functioning suggest that poor quality of social relationships may be associated with bone loss in postmenopausal women.
What is the most appropriate treatment for chronic rhinosinusitis?
Authors: Walker Abigail , Philpott Carl , Hopkins Claire 
Published: July 2019

AbstractChronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common, treatable disease that affects approximately 11% of British adults. It places an enormous burden on patients, with significant detriment to their quality of life, and the health service as it consumes vast numbers of both primary and secondary care resources. However, there is considerable variability in treatment strategies and prescribing practices. This review summarises the key recommendations from landmark guidelines in the treatment of CRS and critically appraises the evidence for treatment.