bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DHS Overestimates Visa Overstays for 2016; Overstay Population Growth near Zero during the Year
Authors: Warren Robert 
Published: August 2018

For years, noncitizens who fail to abide by the terms of their nonimmigrant (temporary) visas were not widely recognized as major contributors to the US undocumented population. Yet since 2005, the ratio of overstays to illegal entries across the border has increased rapidly as the number of border crossings dropped to 1970s levels. As a result, the inflow of overstays has exceeded border crossers for nearly a decade. These developments highlight the importance of accurate and timely estimates of overstays. In 2017, the US Department of Homeland Security (DHS) released a report, Fiscal Year 2016 Entry/Exit Overstay Report, showing estimates of overstays, by country, for the 50.4 million nonimmigrants admitted in fiscal year 2016 (DHS 2017). At the end of the fiscal year, DHS had not verified the departure of 628,799 nonimmigrants.1 The Center for Migration Studies (CMS) compared the DHS overstay estimates to CMS's estimates of the number of undocumented residents that arrived in the past few years. Data were available to make the comparisons for 133 countries; these countries account for 99 percent of all overstays. The major findings include the following: • For 90 of the 133 countries, the DHS and CMS estimates differ by less than 2,000, and the correlation between the estimates for those 90 countries is .97, which indicates a very close mutual relationship. • The DHS estimates of overstays for Canada are far too high. • The DHS estimates greatly exceed the CMS estimates for about 30 countries, half of them participants in the US Visa Waiver Program (VWP).2 • Slightly more than half of the 628,799 reported to be overstays by DHS actually left the country but their departures were not recorded. • After adjusting the DHS estimates to take account of unrecorded departures, as well as departures in 2016 of overstays that lived here in 2015, overstay population growth was near zero in 2016. • Thus, while overstays account for a large percentage of the newly undocumented, they represent less than half (44 percent) of the overall undocumented population, and they are less likely than illegal border crossers to be long-term residents. • The country-specific figures shown here should help DHS focus its efforts on improving the verification of departures of temporary visitors. • Finally, these comparisons indicate that the DHS estimates do not provide a sound basis for making decisions about admission to, or continuation in, the VWP.
Mineralogy and geochemical features of Foumban clay deposits (west Cameroon): genesis and potential applications
Authors: Nkalih Mefire A. , Yongue Fouateu R. , Njoya A. , Mache J.R. , Pilate P. , Hatert F. , Fagel N. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTFive clay deposits in Foumban, west Cameroon, were studied for their morphological, mineralogical and geochemical properties to determine their suitability for ceramics. The clays were examined with X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, thermal gravimetric analysis and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Field studies showed that a homogeneous clayey layer occurs at the upper part of the laterite cover of the interfluves, while the valleys are occupied by a clayey heterogeneous hydromorphic material. The clays are composed of kaolinite, illite, smectite and chlorite, associated with quartz, K-feldspars, plagioclase, goethite, traces of rutile and hematite. Geochemical analyses of these samples show a relatively large amount of SiO2(45–71%), Al2O3(14–31%) and relatively little Fe2O3(up to 11%), suggesting weathering of mainly granitic and rhyolitic parent rocks. The majority of these clays may be used in the production of structural ceramics such as bricks (refractory or not) and tiles. The relatively high proportion of the alkalis (K2O + Na2O; 6–8%) in some samples from Marom and Njindare areas might be responsible for the low firing temperatures. The abundance of smectite limits the application of some Koutaba and Marom clays for structural ceramics, while the high Fe2O3contents (>8%) in some Bangourain clays indicate that some pre-treatment might be necessary prior to use.
A multi-center nested case-control study on hospitalization costs and length of stay due to healthcare-associated infection
Authors: Lü Yu , Cai Min Hong , Cheng Jian , Zou Kun , Xiang Qian , Wu Jia Yu , Wei Dao Qiong , Zhou Zhong Hua , Wang Hui , Wang Chen , Chen Jing 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Background
In 2018, the Chinese government demanded nationwide implementation of medical insurance payment methods based on Single-Disease Payment (SDP), but during the operation process the medical insurance system did not fully consider the extra economic burden caused by healthcare-associated infection (HAI). HAIs can prolong the length of stay and increase the hospitalization costs, but only a few studies have been conducted in Sichuan province, China. We evaluated the hospitalization costs and length of stay due to HAI in Sichuan province based on the prevalence survey, and provided data reference for China’s medical insurance reform.

Methods
In the hospitals surveyed on the prevalence of HAI, a multi-center nested case-control study was performed by a paired method. The study period was from 6 September 2016 to 30 November 2016. Binary outcomes were tested using χ2 test, continuous outcomes were tested using Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test, intra-group comparisons were tested using multiple linear regression analysis.

Results
A total of 225 pairs/450 patients were selected in 51 hospitals, and 170 pairs/350 patients were successfully matched. The case fatality rate was 5.14% for the HAIs patients and 3.43% for non-HAs patients, there was no significant difference (χ2 = 0.627, P = 0.429); the median length of stay in patients with HAIs was 21 days, longer than that of patients with non-HAI 16 days, the median of the difference between matched-pairs was 5 days, the difference was statistically significant (Z = 4.896, P = 0.000). The median hospitalization costs of patients with HAI were €1732.83, higher than that of patients with non-HAI €1095.29, the median of the difference between matched-pairs were €431.34, the difference was statistically significant (Z = 6.413, P = 0.000). Multiple linear regression results showed that HAIs at different sites have caused different economic burdens, but in different economic regions, the difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusions
In Sichuan, the hospitalization costs and length of stay caused by HAI should be given special attention in the current medical insurance reform. The proportion and scope of medical payment for patients with HAI at different sites should be different. Efforts need to be taken to incentivize reduction of HAI rates which will reduce hospitalization costs and length of stay.
Attainment of Functional and Social Independence in Adult Survivors of Pediatric CNS Tumors: A Report From the St Jude Lifetime Cohort Study
Authors: Brinkman Tara M. , Ness Kirsten K. , Li Zhenghong , Huang I-Chan , Krull Kevin R. , Gajjar Amar , Merchant Thomas E. , Klosky James L. , Partin Robyn E. , Tonning Olsson Ingrid , Boop Frederick , Klimo Paul , Chemaitilly Wassim , Khan Raja B. , Srivastava Deokumar , Robison Leslie L. , Hudson Melissa M. , Armstrong Gregory T. 
Published: August 2018

Purpose Beyond survival, achieving independence is a primary goal for adult survivors of pediatric CNS tumors. However, the prevalence of and risk factors for failure to achieve independence, assessed with multiple concurrent indicators, have not been examined. Patients and Methods Functional and social independence was assessed in 306 survivors (astrocytoma [n = 130], medulloblastoma [n = 77], ependymoma [n = 36], and other [n = 63]; median current age, 25.3 years [range, 18.9 to 53.1 years]; time since diagnosis, 16.8 years [range, 10.6 to 41.8 years]). Six observed indicators were used to identify latent classes of independence, which included employment, living independently, assistance with personal care, assistance with routine needs, obtaining a driver’s license, and marital status. Physical performance impairments were defined as scores < 10th percentile on measures of aerobic capacity, strength, flexibility, balance, mobility, and adaptive function. Multinomial logistic regression estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs were calculated for associations of disease/treatment exposures and impairments in physical performance with nonindependence. Results Three classes of independence were identified as independent (40%), moderately independent (34%), and nonindependent (26%). In multivariable models, craniospinal irradiation (OR, 4.20; 95% CI, 1.69 to 10.44) and younger age at diagnosis (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.35) were associated with risk of nonindependence versus independence. Beyond impaired IQ, limitations in aerobic capacity (OR, 5.47; 95% CI, 1.78 to 16.76), flexibility (OR, 3.66; 95% CI, 1.11 to 12.03), and adaptive physical function (OR, 11.54; 95% CI, 3.57 to 37.27) were associated with nonindependence versus independence. Nonindependent survivors reported reduced physical but not mental health-related quality of life compared with independent survivors. Conclusion Sixty percent of survivors of pediatric CNS tumors do not achieve complete independence as adults. Reduction in intensity of primary therapies and interventions that target physical performance and adaptive deficits may help survivors to achieve greater independence.
Does gonorrhoea screening intensity play a role in the early selection of antimicrobial resistance in men who have sex with men (MSM)? A comparative study of Belgium and the United Kingdom
Authors: Kenyon Chris R. , De Baetselier Irith , Crucitti Tania 
Published: August 2018

Background: It is unclear why antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States has tended to first appear in men who have sex with men (MSM). We hypothesize that increased exposure to antimicrobials from intensive STI screening programmes plays a role. Methods: We assess if there is a difference in the distribution of azithromycin, cefixime and ceftriaxone minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) between MSM and women in the United Kingdom (UK) where 70% of MSM report STI screening in the past year vs. Belgium where 9% report STI screening in the past year. Our hypothesis is that MICs of the MSM should be higher than those of the women in the UK but not Belgium. Data for the MICs were taken from the Gonococcal Resistance to Antimicrobials Surveillance Programme (GRASP) in the UK in 2010/2011 and 2014 and a similar national surveillance programme in Belgium in 2013/2014 (the first most complete available data). We used the Mann–Whitney test to compare the MIC distributions between MSM and women within each country Results: In the UK the MICs for all three antimicrobials were significantly higher in MSM than women at both time points (P all <0.0005). In Belgium only the MIC distribution for azithromycin was higher in MSM (P<0.0005). Conclusion: The findings for cefixime and ceftriaxone, but not azithromycin are compatible with our hypothesis that screening-intensity could contribute to the emergence of AMR. Numerous other interpretations of our results are discussed.
Proposed classification for interproximal contacts of primary molars using CBCT: a pilot study
Authors: Kirthiga M. , Muthu M. S. , Kayalvizhi G. , Krithika C. 
Published: August 2018

Background: Contact areas in primary teeth are known to be broader, flatter, and situated more gingivally than in permanent teeth. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the different types of intact contact areas in primary teeth using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) among children. Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed with 74 contacts from 28 existing CBCT images of patients aged between 3 and 14 years, obtained from the Indian Dental Education Academy, Chennai, India. The shape of the contact area was observed at three levels, the coronal, middle, and apical thirds, in three different sections of CBCT. The weighted Cohen’s kappa values for inter-examiner reliability was 0.893 at baseline. Prevalence of the types of contact areas was expressed in the form of numbers and percentages. Results: Results exhibited four different types of contact areas between the primary molars, namely, O type, X type, I type, and S type, based on the shapes observed; hence, the proposed classification is referred to as OXIS. The most common pattern seen was I (66.2%), followed by X (21.6%), O (9.4%) and the least common was S (2.7%). Conclusion: The three-dimensional evaluation of intact interproximal contact areas between primary molars are of four types.
DAMPAK POLITIK HUKUM PERTANAHAN YANG BELUM BERPERSPEKTIF HAM BAGI MASYARAKAT HUKUM ADAT
Authors: Perbawati Candra 
Published: August 2018

Legal politic national land affairs law in exixtence already have HAM perspective, but in implementation wasn't have HAM perspective yet, which encourage the writer to revealed both background and reconstructed property right of tradition law society land. Why property right law politic concerning tradition law society land of Mesuji wasn't have HAM perspective yet, whether legal politic of property right concerning land which wasn't based on HAM perpective concerning property right protection on Mesuji tradition law society land, was two problematic within this article. This research was aimed to found argumentation of how property right of tradition society land which wasn't based on HAM perspective yet, revealed social reality related to the effect presence related to legal politic of land property right that wasn't have HAM perspective yet. Research result was expected could give contribution concerning protection understanding of property right on tradition law society land that have HAM perspectivePolitik hukum pertanahan nasional dalam eksistensinya sudah berperspektif HAM, namun dalam implementasinya belum berperspektif HAM, sehingga masyarakat hukum adat (Mesuji) terabaikan.Mengapa politik hukum hak milik atas tanah masyarakat hukum adat Mesuji belum berperspektif HAM, apakah dampak politik hukum hak milik atas tanah yang belum berperspektif HAM terhadap perlindungan hak milik atas tanah masyarakat hukum adat Mesuji, adalah dua problematik dalam penulisan artikel ini. Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk menemukan argumentasi mengapa hukum hak milik atas tanah masyarakat hukum adat belum berperspektif HAM, mengungkap realitas sosial terkait dengan dampak yang timbul berkaitan dengan politik hukum hak milik atas tanah yang belum berperspektif HAM.Hasil penelitian diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi terhadap pemahaman perlindungan hak milik atas tanah masyarakat hukum adat yang berperspektif HAM
The Current Challenges for EU Company and Financial Law and Regulation
Authors: Autenne Alexia , Biondi Yuri , Cavalier Georges , Cotiga-Raccah Andra , Doralt Peter , Haslam Colin , Horak Hana , Malberti Corrado , Philippe Denis , Sergakis Konstantinos , Schmidt Jessica 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
European company and financial law and regulation have been evolving over time along with business and financial practices. The resulting ‘social licence’ established by company and financial law and regulation aimed to balance the granted privileges of limited liability and share transferability with the corporate social contribution to economic development and employment. Recent transformations driven by shareholder value and financialisation have been challenging this balance of interests between stakeholders (including employees and shareholders) and society. The EU institutional framework may respond to these challenges by reaffirming the centrality of the enterprise as a going concern. On this basis, corporate accountability and responsibility may be enforced to make ongoing corporate affairs accountable and responsible for their contribution to economy and society. Ongoing corporate capacity to cope with social and environmental responsibilities may be assured along with the fair and sustainable remuneration of stakeholders, including shareholding investors, and a fair tax contribution. The EU institutional design and policy mix may be organised to respond to this comprehensive set of corporate dimensions. Here the most relevant fields to be reconsidered include: enterprise groups and corporate social responsibility; financial reporting and transparency; financial investment and asset management.
On certain equations in semiprime rings and standard operator algebras
Authors: Rehman Nadeem ur 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to prove the following result which is related to a classical result of Chernoff. Let X be a real or complex Banach space, let

{\mathcal{L}(X)}

be the algebra of all bounded linear operators of X into itself and let

{\mathcal{A}(X)\subset\mathcal{L}(X)}

be a standard operator algebra. Suppose there exist linear mappings

{\mathcal{H},\mathcal{G}\colon\mathcal{A(X)}\to\mathcal{L(X)}}

satisfying the relations

\displaystyle\mathcal{H}(\mathcal{A}^{m+n})=\mathcal{H}(\mathcal{A}^{m})%
\mathcal{A}^{n}+\mathcal{A}^{m}\mathcal{G}(\mathcal{A}^{n}),

\displaystyle\mathcal{G}(\mathcal{A}^{m+n})=\mathcal{G}(\mathcal{A}^{m})%
\mathcal{A}^{n}+\mathcal{A}^{m}\mathcal{H}(\mathcal{A}^{n})

for all

{\mathcal{A}\in\mathcal{A(X)}}

and some fixed integers

{m,n\geq 1}

. Then there exists

{\mathcal{B}\in\mathcal{L(X)}}

, such that

{\mathcal{H(A)}=\mathcal{AB}-\mathcal{BA}}

for all

{\mathcal{A}\in\mathcal{F(X)}}

, where

{\mathcal{F(X)}}

denotes the ideal of all finite rank operators in

{\mathcal{L}(X)}

, and

{\mathcal{H}(\mathcal{A}^{m})=\mathcal{A}^{m}\mathcal{B}-\mathcal{B}\mathcal{A%
}^{m}}

for all

{\mathcal{A}\in\mathcal{A(X)}}

.
Das UrhWissG und seine Auswirkungen auf die bibliothekarische Arbeit
Authors: Katzenberger-Schmelcher Ruth , Kieselstein Jana 
Published: August 2018

Zusammenfassung
Das Urheberrechts-Wissensgesellschafts-Gesetz
Im Folgenden UrhWissG; BGBl. I 2017, 3346.
ist seit 01.03.2018 in Kraft – Zeit für eine erste Zwischenbilanz. Schon mit dem Bundestagsbeschluss vom 30.06.2017 wurde überlegt, wie sich die neuen Regelungen in der bibliothekarischen Arbeit umsetzen lassen; zu welchen Veränderungen im bibliothekarischen Alltag sie führen und welche Möglichkeiten sie für die bibliothekarischen Dienstleistungen eröffnen. Welche konkreten Folgen die Reform für die bibliothekarische Praxis hat, ist Gegenstand dieser Abhandlung.
Retrodigitalisierung zur Erhaltung von wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Inhalten – ein Praxisbericht der ZBW Kiel / Hamburg
Authors: Zarnitz Monika 
Published: August 2018

Zusammenfassung
Die ZBW nimmt die überregionale Literaturversorgung für ihr Fach wahr und macht die Inhalte aus ihrem Bestand dauerhaft verfügbar. Ca. 475.000 gedruckte Werke aus den Erscheinungsjahren 1840–1990 ihres Bestandes, die vom Zerfall bedroht sind, werden für eine Sicherungsmaßnahme ausgewählt. Die ZBW digitalisiert diese Publikationen und stellt sie im Open Access zur Verfügung. Die Retrodigitalisate werden digital langzeitarchiviert. Eine Originalerhaltung ist für einen besonders hervorgehobenen Teil dieser Bestände vorgesehen. In diesem Beitrag wird das Konzept vorgestellt und über erste Erfahrungen mit der Retrodigitalisierung berichtet.
Representations of love in the early stages of love
Authors: Lukšík Ivan , Guillaume Michaela 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Love, especially romantic and partnership love, has been a legitimate research theme in social science since the mid-twentieth century. In the research less attention is paid to how personal conceptions of love are formed within specific sociocultural contexts. One question that emerges in relation to social representations theory is: how are ideas about love, or knowledge of love, re-presented among particular social groups and which sociocultural resources are used in the process? In our questionnaire-based research we ascertained which perceptions, ideas and knowledge are prevalent among young people who are gaining their first experiences of partner relationships, what they consider love to be in their own context and what knowledge they have of love. The questionnaire was completed by 268 higher education students, who provided 38 representations of love, based on personal experience and linked to sociocultural sources of love.
What does it mean “being chilled”? mental well-being as viewed by Slovak adolescent boys
Authors: Balážová Miroslava , Uhrecký Branislav 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In adaptive development, mental well-being has a role to play in adolescents’ search in adolescents’ niche in life and the formation of a separate identity. Although this has been an area of interest in a number of disciplines, there remains ambiguity over our understanding of terms such as quality of life, life satisfaction, and mental well-being. Our aim was to employ an interpretative phenomenological analysis to find out how adolescent boys perceive the concept of mental well-being and ascertain what helps them and stops them from “feeling chilled”. The data was obtained from a sample of 26 secondary school students who attended one of four focus groups. We found that they achieved a kind of escape from the world of social roles through performing activities like physical exercise or driving a vehicle, while searching for a sense of latitude and potency and attempting to reduce tension. Thus there is a clear distinction between what they desire and what is expected of them. Hanging out and “chilling” with their peer group seemed to be an important part of relationship formation, while close dyadic relationships were less significant. To a certain degree, the results of this study contradict conventional notions of happiness and mental well-being found in mainstream psychology.
Testing SCM questionnaire instructions using cognitive interviews
Authors: Popper Miroslav , Kollárová Veronika 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The aim of the research was to find out whether participants completing an SCM questionnaire to assess attitudes towards the Roma would give different answers in response to different sets of instructions. Three sets of instructions were tested using cognitive interviews: answer from your personal viewpoint, from the viewpoint of the majority of Slovaks, from the viewpoint of those close to you. The research sample comprised 24 respondents, of whom 12 were upper secondary school students and 12 working adults. Responses from the personal viewpoint differed markedly from responses from the viewpoint of the majority of Slovaks, but were very similar to responses from the viewpoint of those close to the person. In the research, internal and external motivation to respond with/without prejudice was also investigated. Participants with internalised unbiased beliefs showed a preference for assessing the Roma minority from their own viewpoint, while participants with internalised biased beliefs thought the instructions were unimportant.
Nussbaum’s philosophy of education as the foundation for human development
Authors: Gluchman Vasil 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The author of the paper investigates Martha C. Nussbaum’s philosophical concept of education in which education is considered key to all human development. In the first part, the author focuses on some of the more interesting ideas in Nussbaum’s philosophy of education regarding the growth, development and improvement of the individual, community, society, nation, country and humankind. The second part is a critical exploration of the individual in education, looking specifically at the general development of humankind and the shaping of abstract cosmopolitan world citizens, which are the main political goals of Nussbaum’s philosophy of education.