bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energetic Ion Moments and Polytropic Index in Saturn's Magnetosphere using Cassini/MIMI Measurements: A Simple Model Based on κ‐Distribution Functions
Authors: Dialynas Konstantinos , Roussos Elias , Regoli Leonardo , Paranicas Christopher P. , Krimigis Stamatios M. , Kane Mark , Mitchell Donald G. , Hamilton Douglas C. , Krupp Norbert , Carbary James F. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMoments of the charged particle distribution function provide a compact way of studying the transport, acceleration, and interactions of plasma and energetic particles in the magnetosphere. We employ κ‐distributions to describe the energy spectra of H+ and O+, based on >20 keV measurements by the three detectors of Cassini's Magnetospheric Imaging Instrument, covering the time period from DOY 183/2004 to 016/2016, 5 < L < 20. From the analytical spectra we calculate the equatorial distributions of energetic ion moments inside Saturn's magnetosphere and then focus on the distributions of the characteristic energy (Ec=IE/In), temperature, and κ‐index of these ions. A semiempirical model is utilized to simulate the equatorial ion moments in both local time and L‐shell, allowing the derivation of the polytropic index (Γ) for both H+ and O+. Primary results are as follows: (a) The ∼9 < L < 20 region corresponds to a local equatorial acceleration region, where subadiabatic transport of H+ (Γ∼1.25) and quasi‐isothermal behavior of O+ (Γ∼0.95) dominate the ion energetics; (b) energetic ions are heavily depleted in the inner magnetospheric regions, and their behavior appears to be quasi‐isothermal (Γ<1); (c) the (quasi‐) periodic energetic ion injections in the outer parts of Saturn's magnetosphere (especially beyond 17–18 RS) produce durable signatures in the energetic ion moments; (d) the plasma sheet does not seem to have a ground thermodynamic state, but the extended neutral gas distribution at Saturn provides an effective cooling mechanism that does not allow the plasma sheet to behave adiabatically.
Sediment Resuspension Due to Near‐Bed Turbulent Effects: A Deep Sea Case Study on the Northwest Continental Slope of Western Australia
Authors: Salim Sarik , Pattiaratchi Charitha , Tinoco Rafael O. , Jayaratne Ravindra 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSediment transport equations often consider a mean velocity threshold for the initiation of sediment motion and resuspension, ignoring event‐based turbulent bursting processes. However, laboratory experiments have suggested that near‐bed sediment resuspension is influenced by intermittent turbulent coherent structures. In the field, accessibility constraints for deployment of easily operated equipment has largely prevented further identification and understanding of such processes, which may contribute to resuspension in the marine environment. Field experiments were conducted on the Northwest Slope, Australia, under conditions where the mean current velocities were below the estimated and measured time‐averaged critical velocity to investigate the relationship between near‐bed turbulent coherent structures and sediment resuspension. Results indicate that sediment resuspension occur even when velocities are below the estimated and measured mean critical values. The majority of turbulent sediment flux is due to ejection and sweep events, with lesser contributions from up‐acceleration and down‐deceleration (vertical flow) events. Spectral and quadrant analysis indicated the anisotropic and intermittent nature of Reynolds stresses, and wavelet transform revealed a group of turbulent bursting sequences associated with sediment resuspension. These observations, in flow conditions where resuspension was not expected to occur based on mean threshold concepts, reveal that intermittent turbulent events control sediment resuspension rather a single time‐averaged critical velocity. This highlights the need of considering turbulence as a significant factor in sediment resuspension and should be further investigated for inclusion into future sediment transport modeling.
Hydrodynamics and Sediment Mobility Processes Over a Degraded Senile Coral Reef
Authors: Torres‐Garcia Legna M. , Dalyander P. Soupy , Long Joseph W. , Zawada David G. , Yates Kimberly K. , Moore Christopher , Olabarrieta Maitane 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCoral reefs can influence hydrodynamics and morphodynamics by dissipating and refracting incident wave energy, modifying circulation patterns, and altering sediment transport pathways. In this study, the sediment and hydrodynamic response of a senile (dead) barrier reef (Crocker Reef, located in the upper portion of the Florida Reef Tract) to storms and quiescent conditions was evaluated using field observations and the Coupled Ocean‐Atmosphere‐Wave‐Sediment Transport model. Waves, circulation, and resultant sediment mobility were modeled across different reef zones. Sediment mobility during quiescent periods and the passage of far‐field storms are driven by nonbreaking waves and, to a lesser degree, regional circulation. Spatial variability in these processes produces the present‐day distribution of sediment grain size at Crocker Reef, wherein finer‐grain material along a shallow central ridge is frequently mobilized (43% to 62% of the time), winnowed away, and deposited along the lower‐energy flanks and in the fore reef where sand mobility occurs less frequently (32% to 43% and 1% to 22% of the time, respectively). Analysis of wave conditions for the period of 2006–2014 supports that wave heights rarely exceed the threshold for breaking (0.1% and 0.3% at the reef crest and at the reef flat, respectively), predominantly during the passage of tropical storms. There is a shift to a wave‐breaking regime during near‐field storms, creating the potential for mobilization of larger material and enhanced reef degradation. Sediment mobility can be enhanced due to wave skewness or the generation of free infragravity waves during periods of depth‐induced wave breaking.
Hydrodynamics of a Tidally Forced Coral Reef Atoll
Authors: Green Rebecca H. , Lowe Ryan J. , Buckley Mark L. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe hydrodynamics of a tidally forced semi‐enclosed coral reef atoll (North Scott) at the edge of the continental shelf of northwestern Australia were investigated by combining field observations and numerical modeling. The observations revealed that the spring tidal range outside the atoll reaches 4 m, and as the water level drops below mean sea level, the reef rim surrounding the shallow (~10–15 m) lagoon becomes exposed. During this time, the lagoon can only exchange with the open ocean through two narrow channels, resulting in highly asymmetric water levels and velocities that were most pronounced during spring tide. On average, the ebb tide duration was ~2 hr longer than the flood, with rapid flood velocities in the channel reaching 2 m/s. We applied an unstructured grid model Delft3D‐Flexible Mesh to simulate the atoll hydrodynamics and were able to replicate the asymmetric water levels and complex velocities in the lagoon. The results revealed that at higher tidal stages, a dominant momentum balance exists between the pressure gradient (established by the propagation of the tide on the shelf) and the local flow acceleration of water throughout the interior of the atoll. At lower tidal stages, which coincided with a reversal of the offshore tidal pressure gradient, the lagoon became isolated from offshore dynamics and all momentum terms were negligible. This resulted in a tidally averaged residual westward flow within the lagoon that drove an asymmetric flushing pattern within the atoll, which we propose would be a common flushing mechanism within other tide‐dominated atolls worldwide.
When Mixed Layers Are Not Mixed. Storm‐Driven Mixing and Bio‐optical Vertical Gradients in Mixed Layers of the Southern Ocean
Authors: Carranza Magdalena M. , Gille Sarah T. , Franks Peter J. S. , Johnson Kenneth S. , Pinkel Robert , Girton James B. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMixed layers are defined to have homogeneous density, temperature, and salinity. However, bio‐optical profiles may not always be fully homogenized within the mixed layer. The relative timescales of mixing and biological processes determine whether bio‐optical gradients can form within a uniform density mixed layer. Vertical profiles of bio‐optical measurements from biogeochemical Argo floats and elephant seal tags in the Southern Ocean are used to assess biological structure in the upper ocean. Within the hydrographically defined mixed layer, the profiles show significant vertical variance in chlorophyll‐a (Chl‐a) fluorescence and particle optical backscatter. Biological structure is assessed by fitting Chl‐a fluorescence and particle backscatter profiles to functional forms (i.e., Gaussian, sigmoid, exponential, and their combinations). In the Southern Ocean, which characteristically has deep mixed layers, only 40% of nighttime bio‐optical profiles were characterized by a sigmoid, indicating a well‐mixed surface layer. Of the remaining 60% that showed structure, ∼40% had a deep fluorescence maximum below 20‐m depth that correlated with particle backscatter. Furthermore, a significant fraction of these deep fluorescence maxima were found within the mixed layer (20–80%, depending on mixed‐layer depth definition and season). Results suggest that the timescale between mixing events that homogenize the surface layer is often longer than biological timescales of restratification. We hypothesize that periods of quiescence between synoptic storms, which we estimate to be ∼3–5 days (depending on season), allow bio‐optical gradients to develop within mixed layers that remain homogeneous in density.
Orbitally Paced Carbon and Deep‐Sea Temperature Changes at the Peak of the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum
Authors: Lauretano Vittoria , Zachos James C. , Lourens Lucas J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe late Paleocene to early Eocene warming trend was punctuated by a series of orbitally paced transient warming events, associated with the release of isotopically light carbon into the ocean‐atmosphere system. These events occurred throughout the early Eocene, critically persisting during onset, peak, and termination of the early Eocene climatic optimum (EECO) and the onset of the middle Eocene cooling. Here we present a ~5.2‐Myr‐long high‐resolution benthic foraminiferal stable‐isotope record spanning the peak of the early Eocene “hothouse” from Ocean Drilling Program Leg 208 Site 1263. Our new oxygen isotope record confirms the presence of short‐term warming events during the peak and termination of the EECO, previously described in coeval bulk carbonate records. The degree of change between deep‐sea temperature and concurrent carbon release during these events is consistent with previous findings for Eocene thermal maximum 2 to 3, suggesting that the orbitally forced processes that triggered these perturbations in the exogenic carbon pool were similar. Additionally, the long‐term background carbon isotope signature reveals a rapid enrichment of up to ~1.0‰ across the peak warmth of the EECO, ~51.6 Ma, without a corresponding shift in the oxygen record, suggesting a decoupling from climate. We speculate that this carbon shift reflects a non‐recurrent adjustment in the mean (steady) state of the deep‐ocean carbon reservoir due to a significant change in carbon source/sink, the biological pump, and/or ocean circulation during the extreme greenhouse conditions of the EECO.
Analytical Representations for Characterizing the Global Aviation Radiation Environment Based on Model and Measurement Databases
Authors: Tobiska W. Kent , Didkovsky Leonid , Judge Kevin , Weiman Seth , Bouwer Dave , Bailey Justin , Atwell Bill , Maskrey Molly , Mertens Chris , Zheng Yihua , Shea Margaret , Smart Don , Gersey Brad , Wilkins Richard , Bell Duane , Gardner Larry , Fuschino Robert 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe Nowcast of Atmospheric Ionizing Radiation for Aviation Safety climatological model and the Automated Radiation Measurements for Aerospace Safety (ARMAS) statistical database are presented as polynomial fit equations. Using equations based on altitude, L shell, and geomagnetic conditions an effective dose rate for any location from a galactic cosmic ray (GCR) environment can be calculated. A subset of the ARMAS database is represented by a second polynomial fit equation for the GCR plus probable relativistic energetic particle (REP; Van Allen belt REP) effective dose rates within a narrow band of L shells with altitudinal and geomagnetic dependency. Solar energetic particle events are not considered in this study since our databases do not contain these events. This work supports a suggestion that there may be a REP contribution having an effect at aviation altitudes. The ARMAS database is rich in Western Hemisphere observations for L shells between 1.5 and 5; there have been many cases of enhanced radiation events possibly related to effects from radiation belt particles. Our work identifies that the combined effects of an enhanced radiation environment in this L shell range are typically 15% higher than the GCR background. We also identify applications for the equations representing the Nowcast of Atmospheric Ionizing Radiation for Aviation Safety and ARMAS databases. They include (i) effective dose rate climatology in comparison with measured weather variability and (ii) climatological and statistical weather nowcasting and forecasting. These databases may especially help predict the radiation environment for regional air traffic management, for airport overflight operations, and for air carrier route operations of individual aircraft.
Targeting nonsense-mediated mRNA decay in colorectal cancers with microsatellite instability
Authors: Bokhari A’dem , Jonchere Vincent , Lagrange Anaïs , Bertrand Romane , Svrcek Magali , Marisa Laetitia , Buhard Olivier , Greene Malorie , Demidova Anastasia , Jia Jieshuang , Adriaenssens Eric , Chassat Thierry , Biard Denis S. , Flejou Jean-François , Lejeune Fabrice , Duval Alex , Collura Ada 
Published: September 2018

AbstractNonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is responsible for the degradation of mRNAs with a premature termination codon (PTC). The role of this system in cancer is still quite poorly understood. In the present study, we evaluated the functional consequences of NMD activity in a subgroup of colorectal cancers (CRC) characterized by high levels of mRNAs with a PTC due to widespread instability in microsatellite sequences (MSI). In comparison to microsatellite stable (MSS) CRC, MSI CRC expressed increased levels of two critical activators of the NMD system, UPF1/2 and SMG1/6/7. Suppression of NMD activity led to the re-expression of dozens of PTC mRNAs. Amongst these, several encoded mutant proteins with putative deleterious activity against MSI tumorigenesis (e.g., HSP110DE9 chaperone mutant). Inhibition of NMD in vivo using amlexanox reduced MSI tumor growth, but not that of MSS tumors. These results suggest that inhibition of the oncogenic activity of NMD may be an effective strategy for the personalized treatment of MSI CRC.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Autophagy-independent induction of LC3B through oxidative stress reveals its non-canonical role in anoikis of ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Satyavarapu Eswara Murali , Das Ranjita , Mandal Chandan , Mukhopadhyay Asima , Mandal Chitra 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCancer cells display abnormal redox metabolism. Autophagy, anoikis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a regulatory role during metastasis. LC3 is a well-known essential molecule for autophagy. Therefore, we wanted to explore the molecular interplay between autophagy, anoikis, and ROS in relation to LC3B. We observed enhanced LC3B level along with increased expression of p62 and modulation of other autophagy-related molecules (Atg 3, 5, 7, 12, 16L1 and Beclin1) by inducing oxidative-stress in ovarian cancer cells using a ROS-producing pro-oxidant molecule. Surprisingly, enhanced LC3B was unable to induce autophagosome formation rather promoted anoikis. ROS-induced inhibition of autophagosome-formation is possibly due to the instability of autophagy initiator, ULK1 complex. Moreover, such upregulation of LC3B via ROS enhanced several apoptotic molecules. Silencing LC3B reduced these apoptotic molecules and increased when overexpressed, suggesting its role in apoptosis. Furthermore, LC3B-dependent apoptosis was decreased by inhibiting ROS, indicating a possible link between ROS, LC3B, and apoptosis. Additionally, ROS-induced enhanced LC3B promoted detachment-induced cell death (anoikis). This was further reflected by reduced cell adhesion molecules (integrin-β3 and focal adhesion kinase) and mesenchymal markers (snail and slug). Our in vitro experimental data was further confirmed in primary tumors developed in syngeneic mice, which also showed ROS-mediated LC3B enhancement along with reduced autophagosomes, integrin-β3 and focal adhesion kinase ultimately leading to the decreased tumor mass. Additionally, primary cells from high-grade serous carcinoma patient’s ascites exhibited LC3B enhancement and autophagy inhibition through ROS which provided a clinical relevance of our study. Taken together, this is the first evidence for a non-canonical role of LC3B in promoting anoikis in contrast to autophagy and may, therefore, consider as a potential therapeutic target molecule in ovarian cancer. Taken together, autophagy-inhibition may be an alternative approach to induce apoptosis/anoikis in cancer.
Propofol inhibits parthanatos via ROS–ER–calcium–mitochondria signal pathway in vivo and vitro
Authors: Zhong Hanhui , Song Rui , Pang Qiongni , Liu Yawei , Zhuang Jinling , Chen Yeming , Hu Jijie , Hu Jian , Liu Youtan , Liu Zhifeng , Tang Jing 
Published: September 2018

AbstractParthanatos is a new form of programmed cell death. It has been recognized to be critical in cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) can induce parthanatos. Recent studies found that propofol, a widely used intravenous anesthetic agent, has an inhibitory effect on ROS and has neuroprotective in many neurological diseases. However, the functional roles and mechanisms of propofol in parthanatos remain unclear. Here, we discovered that the ROS–ER–calcium–mitochondria signal pathway mediated parthanatos and the significance of propofol in parthanatos. Next, we found that ROS overproduction would cause endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium release, leading to mitochondria depolarization with the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Mitochondria depolarization caused mitochondria to release more ROS, which, in turn, contributed to parthanatos. Also, we found that propofol inhibited parthanatos through impeding ROS overproduction, calcium release from ER, and mitochondrial depolarization in parthanatos. Importantly, our results indicated that propofol protected cerebral ischemia–reperfusion via parthanatos suppression, amelioration of mitochondria, and ER swelling. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of how ER and mitochondria contribute to parthanatos. Furthermore, our studies elucidated that propofol has a vital role in parthanatos prevention in vivo and in vitro, and propofol can be a promising therapeutic approach for nerve injury patients.
The chromatin remodeler RSF1 controls centromeric histone modifications to coordinate chromosome segregation
Authors: Lee Ho-Soo , Lin Zhonghui , Chae Sunyoung , Yoo Young-Suk , Kim Byung-Gyu , Lee Youngsoo , Johnson Jared L. , Kim You-Sun , Cantley Lewis C. , Lee Chang-Woo , Yu Hongtao , Cho Hyeseong 
Published: September 2018

AbstractChromatin remodelers regulate the nucleosome barrier during transcription, DNA replication, and DNA repair. The chromatin remodeler RSF1 is enriched at mitotic centromeres, but the functional consequences of this enrichment are not completely understood. Shugoshin (Sgo1) protects centromeric cohesion during mitosis and requires BuB1-dependent histone H2A phosphorylation (H2A-pT120) for localization. Loss of Sgo1 at centromeres causes chromosome missegregation. Here, we show that RSF1 regulates Sgo1 localization to centromeres through coordinating a crosstalk between histone acetylation and phosphorylation. RSF1 interacts with and recruits HDAC1 to centromeres, where it counteracts TIP60-mediated acetylation of H2A at K118. This deacetylation is required for the accumulation of H2A-pT120 and Sgo1 deposition, as H2A-K118 acetylation suppresses H2A-T120 phosphorylation by Bub1. Centromeric tethering of HDAC1 prevents premature chromatid separation in RSF1 knockout cells. Our results indicate that RSF1 regulates the dynamics of H2A histone modifications at mitotic centromeres and contributes to the maintenance of chromosome stability.
The intragenic mRNA-microRNA regulatory network during telogen-anagen hair follicle transition in the cashmere goat
Authors: Liu Zhihong , Yang Feng , Zhao Meng , Ma Lina , Li Haijun , Xie Yuchun , Nai Rile , Che Tianyu , Su Rui , Zhang Yanjun , Wang Ruijun , Wang Zhiying , Li Jinquan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIt is widely accepted that the periodic cycle of hair follicles is controlled by the biological clock, but the molecular regulatory mechanisms of the hair follicle cycle have not been thoroughly studied. The secondary hair follicle of the cashmere goat is characterized by seasonal periodic changes throughout life. In the hair follicle cycle, the initiation of hair follicles is of great significance for hair follicle regeneration. To provide a reference for hair follicle research, our study compared differences in mRNA expression and microRNA expression during the growth and repose stages of cashmere goat skin samples. Through microRNA and mRNA association analysis, we found microRNAs and target genes that play major regulatory roles in hair follicle initiation. We further constructed an mRNA-microRNA interaction network and found that hair follicle initiation and development were related to MiR-195 and the genes CHP1, SMAD2, FZD6 and SIAH1.
Design of ultrasensitive Ag-LaFeO3 methanol gas sensor based on quasi molecular imprinting technology
Authors: Rong Qian , Zhang Yumin , Hu Jicu , Li Kejin , Wang Huapeng , Chen Mingpeng , Lv Tianping , Zhu Zhongqi , Zhang Jin , Liu Qingju 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAn ultrasensitive methanol gas sensing device based on the quasi-molecular imprinting technology (quasi-MIT) is studied in this work. We applied the sol-gel method (ALS denotes Ag-LaFeO3 prepared by the sol-gel method) and combustion synthesis (ALC denotes Ag-LaFeO3 prepared by combustion synthesis) to prepare Ag-LaFeO3 based sensors. The morphologies and structures of the Ag-LaFeO3 materials were examined via various detection techniques. The ALSM and ALCM sensor (ALSM and ALCM denotes the devices prepared by coating the ALS and ALC materials with methanol, respectively) fabricated using the sol-gel method and combustion synthesis combined with quasi-MIT exhibit good gas sensing properties to methanol, in contrast with the two devices (ALSW and ALCW denote the devices prepared for coating the ALS and ALC materials with water, respectively) without the use of quasi-MIT. The results show that quasi-MIT introduced the target gas in the fabrication process of the device, playing an important role in the design of the ultrasensitive methanol gas sensor. The sensing response and the optimum working temperature of ALSM and ALCM gas sensor are 52.29 and 155 °C and 34.89 and 155 °C, respectively, for 5 ppm methanol, and the highest response to other gases is 8. The ALSM and ALCM gas sensors reveal good selectivity and response for methanol.