bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generational perceptions of promotion and tenure expectations by faculty in a striving university: A quest for legitimacy?
Authors: Véliz Daniela , Gardner Susan K. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractStriving universities seek to gain prestige in the academic market. One characteristic of striving universities is a change in the faculty reward system. In this study, we examined historical promotion and tenure criteria in five disciplinary units at one striving university and then conducted interviews with senior faculty and recently tenured faculty in each unit to better understand the striving dynamics at play. Findings demonstrated that pressures to seek legitimacy were a result of the faculty themselves, the institution’s desire to gain legitimacy through an increased research profile and the disciplinary ties outside the university.
Milk and milk‐derived peptides combat against hypertension and vascular dysfunction: a review
Authors: Siltari Aino , Vapaatalo Heikki , Korpela Riitta 
Published: January 2019

SummaryEpidemiological studies have revealed that consumption of milk and fermented dairy products is inversely associated with elevated blood pressure and with many of the risk factors of the metabolic syndrome. Previously, calcium was thought to be behind this phenomenon, but during the last 20 years, convincing evidence emerging from experimental, epidemiological and intervention studies has highlighted the important role of the small peptides formed during fermentation processes. This review provides an overview of the potential blood pressure lowering components present in dairy products with a special focus on casein‐derived tripeptides.
A large sample investigation of the presence of nonlinear personality‐job performance relationships
Authors: Walmsley Philip T. , Sackett Paul R. , Nichols Stephen B. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe examine 123 data sets from validation studies of a single five‐factor model‐based occupational personality measure for evidence of curvilinear relationships with job performance. Research has produced discrepant findings about whether and when to expect curvilinear relationships between normal range personality measures and job performance. Previous studies have relied on small and unsystematic sampling, a variety of noncomparable performance criteria, the use of personality inventories for which construct validity evidence is not immediately available, and a focus on only one or two of the Big Five personality factors. We report minimal evidence of curvilinearity, suggesting that these effects are unlikely to undermine typical uses of personality test scores in decision making. Any expected declines in performance at high ends of the predictor range were very small on average and would be highly unlikely to produce scenarios in which those passing a realistic cut score would underperform those screened out. Indices of job complexity and the importance of the personality trait did not moderate the forms of each personality–performance relationship. The results are useful for evaluating whether curvilinearity is likely to be an issue when self‐report personality assessments are used to make decisions with tangible employment consequences.
Consent in the face of death
Authors: Scanlan Camilla L. , Stewart Cameron , Kerridge Ian 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWhile the traditional model of consent is supported by codes and theories of ethics, is enshrined in law, and provides the core of health policy and clinical governance, it is unclear how accurately it reflects clinical practice and in particular how accurately it accounts for edition‐making in ‘high‐risk’ situations where patients are critically ill and facing death.
Access to social protection among people with disabilities: Evidence from Viet Nam
Authors: Banks Lena M. , Walsham Matthew , Minh Hoang Van , Duong Doan Thi Thuy , Ngan Tran Thu , Mai Vu Quynh , Blanchet Karl , Kuper Hannah 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAlthough people with disabilities are frequently targeted as key beneficiaries of social protection, little is known on their access to existing programmes. This study uses mixed methods to explore participation in disability‐targeted and non‐targeted social protection programmes in Viet Nam, particularly in the district of Cam Le. In this district, social assistance and health insurance coverage among people with disabilities was 53 per cent and 96 per cent respectively. However, few accessed employment‐linked social insurance and other disability‐targeted benefits (e.g. vocational training, transportation discounts). Factors affecting access included the accessibility of the application process, disability assessment procedures, awareness and the perceived utility of programmes, and attitudes on disability and social protection.
Fabrication and properties of Co:MgAl2O4 transparent ceramics for a saturable absorber from coprecipitated nanopowder
Authors: Liu Qiang , Su Sha , Hu Zewang , Chen Xiaopu , Xie Tengfei , Yang Zhaoxiang , Pan Hongming , Liu Xin , Li Jiang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe 0.05 at.% Co:MgAl2O4 precursor was synthesized by the coprecipitation method from a mixed solution of magnesium, aluminum, and cobalt nitrates using ammonium carbonate as the precipitant. 0.05 at.% Co:MgAl2O4 transparent ceramics were successfully obtained via vacuum sintering and hot isostatic pressing (HIP) of 0.05 at.% Co:MgAl2O4 nanopowder calcined at 1100°C for 4 hours. The properties of powder and ceramics were comprehensively investigated. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that Co:MgAl2O4 nanopowder had a pure spinel phase. Also, the in‐line transmittances of the HIP posttreated Co:MgAl2O4 ceramics with the thickness of 1.2 mm were 82% at 400 nm and 84.7% at 900 nm. The average grain sizes of 0.05 at.% Co:MgAl2O4 ceramics before and after the HIP posttreatment were 11 and 28 μm, respectively. The calculated ground state absorption cross section of 0.05 at.% Co:MgAl2O4 ceramics was 2.9 × 10−19 cm2, indicating that this ceramics is a promising material applied as a saturable absorber for passive laser Q‐switches in the 1.3‐1.7 μm domain.
Thermal expansion performance and intrinsic lattice thermal conductivity of ferroelastic RETaO4 ceramics
Authors: Chen Lin , Hu Mingyu , Wu Peng , Feng Jing 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFerroelastic RETaO4 ceramics are promising thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) because of their attractive thermomechanical properties. The influence of crystal structure distortion degree on thermomechanical properties of RETaO4 is estimated in this work. The relationship between Young's modulus and TECs is determined. The highest TECs (10.7 × 10−6 K−1, 1200°C) of RETaO4 are detected in ErTaO4 ceramics and are ascribed to its small Young's modulus and low Debye temperature. The intrinsic lattice thermal conductivity (3.94‐1.26 W m−1 K−1, 100‐900°C) of RETaO4 deceases with increasing of temperature due to an elimination in thermal radiation effects. The theoretical minimum thermal conductivity (1.00 W m−1 K−1) of RETaO4 indicates that the experimental value is able to be reduced further. We have delved deeply into the thermomechanical properties of ferroelastic RETaO4 ceramics and have emphasized their high‐temperature applications as TBCs.
Down‐regulation of miR‐200c attenuates AngII‐induced cardiac hypertrophy via targeting the MLCK‐mediated pathway
Authors: Hu Shan , Cheng Mian , Guo Xin , Wang Shun , Liu Beilei , Jiang Hong , Huang Congxin , Wu Gang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundMicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to commonly contribute to cardiac hypertrophy (CH). The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that miR‐200c plays an important role in the progression of CH by targeting myosin light chain kinase (MLCK/MYLK).Methods and resultsCardiac hypertrophy was induced by aortic banding (AB) in rats. Cellular hypertrophy in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NCMs) was induced by AngII treatment. Echocardiography, histology and molecular measurements were used to assess the results of the experiments. The levels of apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also measured. Quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) and Western blotting were used to measure mRNA and protein levels respectively. The present results showed that miR‐200c expression was increased in response to CH both in vivo and in vitro. The down‐regulation of miRNA‐200c by a specific inhibitor markedly ameliorated CH resulting from AngII treatment, and the mRNA levels of atrial natriuretic peptide, brain natriuretic peptide and β‐myosin heavy chain were simultaneously decreased. Notably, minimal apoptosis and ROS accumulation were identified in AngII‐induced hypertrophic cardiomyocytes. Conversely, the up‐regulation of miR‐200c using specific mimics reversed these effects. Mechanistic investigations demonstrated that the MLCK gene is a direct target of miR‐200c; an increase in miR‐200c levels led to a decrease in the expression of MLCK and its downstream effector, p‐MLC2, while miR‐200c inhibition increased the expression of these proteins. Furthermore, inhibiting MLCK impaired the anti‐hypertrophic effects contributions produced by the knockdown of miR‐200c.ConclusionOur studies suggest that miR‐200c may serve as a potential therapeutic target that could delay hypertrophy. We have also uncovered a relationship between miR‐200c and MLCK, identifying MLCK as a direct mediator of miR‐200c.
Aquaporin‐4 deficiency reduces TGF‐β1 in mouse midbrains and exacerbates pathology in experimental Parkinson's disease
Authors: Xue Xue , Zhang Weiwei , Zhu Jifeng , Chen Xiaojun , Zhou Sha , Xu Zhipeng , Hu Gang , Su Chuan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAquaporin‐4 (AQP4), the main water‐selective membrane transport protein in the brain, is localized to the astrocyte plasma membrane. Following the establishment of a 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)‐induced Parkinson's disease (PD) model, AQP4‐deficient (AQP4−/−) mice displayed significantly stronger microglial inflammatory responses and remarkably greater losses of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH+)‐positive neurons than did wild‐type AQP4 (AQP4+/+) controls. Microglia are the most important immune cells that mediate immune inflammation in PD. However, recently, few studies have reported why AQP4 deficiency results in more severe hypermicrogliosis and neuronal damage after MPTP treatment. In this study, transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1), a key suppressive cytokine in PD onset and development, failed to increase in the midbrain and peripheral blood of AQP4−/− mice after MPTP treatment. Furthermore, the lower level of TGF‐β1 in AQP4−/− mice partially resulted from impairment of its generation by astrocytes; reduced TGF‐β1 may partially contribute to the uncontrolled microglial inflammatory responses and subsequent severe loss of TH+ neurons in AQP4−/− mice after MPTP treatment. Our study provides not only a better understanding of both aetiological and pathogenical factors implicated in the neurodegenerative mechanism of PD but also a possible approach to developing new treatments for PD via intervention in AQP4‐mediated immune regulation.
Fumaric acid ester‐induced T‐cell lymphopenia in the real‐life treatment of psoriasis
Authors: Dickel H. , Bruckner T. , Höxtermann S. , Dickel B. , Trinder E. , Altmeyer P. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundFumaric acid esters (FAEs) are used to treat psoriasis and are known to cause lymphopenia in roughly 60% of the patients. Much remains to be elucidated about the biological effects ofFAEs on lymphocytes.ObjectiveTo evaluate the influence of long‐termFAE(Fumaderm®) treatment on peripheral bloodCD4+andCD8+T cells,CD19+B cells andCD56+natural killer (NK) cells in psoriasis.MethodsIn this single‐centre retrospective observational subcohort study, we obtained leucocyte and lymphocyte subset counts before initiatingFAEtherapy in 371 psoriasis patients (mean age, 47.8 years; 63.3% males) and monitored them during treatment (mean treatment duration, 2.9 years). Multiparametric flow cytometry was used for immunophenotyping.ResultsFAEs significantly reduced the numbers ofCD4+T,CD8+T,CD19+B andCD56+NKcells. Among lymphocyte subsets, the mean percentage reduction from baseline was always highest forCD8+T cells, with a peak of 55.7% after 2 years of therapy. The risk of T‐cell lymphopenia increased significantly with the age of the psoriasis patients at the time thatFAEtherapy was initiated. It was significantly decreased for the combination therapy with methotrexate and folic acid (vitamin B9) supplementation. Supporting evidence was found suggesting that T‐cell lymphopenia enhances the effectiveness ofFAEtherapy.ConclusionsMonitoring distinct T‐cell subsets rather than just absolute lymphocyte counts may provide more meaningful insights into both theFAEtreatment safety and efficacy. We therefore suggest optimizing pharmacovigilance by additionally monitoringCD4+andCD8+T‐cell counts at regular intervals, especially in patients of middle to older age. Thus, further prospective studies are needed to establish evidence‐based recommendations to guide dermatologists in the management of psoriasis patients who are takingFAEs and who develop low absolute T‐cell counts.
A Relative Noncontrast CT Map to Detect Early Ischemic Changes in Acute Stroke
Authors: Srivatsan Aditya , Christensen Søren , Lansberg Maarten G. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEEarly ischemic changes on noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT) are often subtle. We developed a novel postprocessing technique that aids in detecting such changes.METHODSNCCT maps were generated that display the relative density difference between corresponding voxels in contralateral hemispheres (ratio maps of the NCCT [rNCCT]). Voxels with a relative density difference below .95 were designated as infarct. We pilot tested the rNCCT for infarct segmentation on 6 consecutive subjects enrolled in the CT Perfusion to predict Response in Ischemic Stroke Project (CRISP) study and applied the inclusion criteria of an adequate quality NCCT and successful endovascular reperfusion. rNCCT infarct segmentation was compared to baseline NCCT, baseline CTP, and day‐5 follow‐up fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR).RESULTSFive of the six selected cases met the inclusion criteria. Their median time from symptom onset to CT was 4.95 hours (standard deviation [SD], ±3.5; range, 1.05‐10.45), and median NIHSS was 13. Early ischemic changes were identified on the rNCCT in all five cases and on the standard NCCT in three of the five cases. Lesions outlined by the rNCCT maps trended toward a better estimation of the day‐5 FLAIR volume (median difference = 6.2 mL) than the ischemic core volumes assessed on baseline CTP (median difference = 51.7 mL) in the four cases with a day‐5 FLAIR (P = .1).CONCLUSIONIn this proof‐of‐concept study, the rNCCT appears promising for detecting and quantifying early ischemic changes. These findings should be confirmed in a larger cohort.
Spatial patterns and drivers of fish and benthic reef communities at São Tomé Island, Tropical Eastern Atlantic
Authors: Maia Hugulay A. , Morais Renato A. , Quimbayo Juan Pablo , Dias Murilo S. , Sampaio Claudio L. S. , Horta Paulo A. , Ferreira Carlos Eduardo L. , Floeter Sergio R. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMarine communities vary across spatial scales due to changes in habitat structure, wave exposure, depth and anthropogenic activities. Here, we quantitatively characterized, for the first time, the reef fish assemblages and benthic communities in six sites around São Tomé Island, in the Tropical Eastern Atlantic region. We performed 139 underwater visual census and 112 photo‐quadrats across six sites around the island to explore the relative importance of exposure, depth and topographic complexity as drivers of fish and benthic reef communities. Planktivores were the most important trophic group, in terms of both fish abundance and biomass. Small fishes (0–7 cm) dominated the abundance, whereas biomass was mainly concentrated in 8–15 and 16–30 cm body size classes. About 30% of the total benthic cover was composed of turf algae and circa of 28% of calcareous coralline algae, whereas corals were comparably less abundant (only 8%). Among these, Montastraea cavernosawas the most abundant coral (46% of the coral cover and 4% of total benthic cover). Wave exposure was the most important driver of the reef fish assemblages and was also important for benthic communities. Also, fish species composition seemed to respond, although weakly, to benthic composition. Topographic complexity had little effect on the indicators of fish assemblages but seemed to drive some changes in benthic cover. Overall, our results evidence the dominance of small planktivorous reef fish assemblages and of turf algal communities in São Tomé. Taken together, they support the idea of benthic communities shaped by wave action, with minor importance of corals, and of important energetic contribution from planktonic material. We also suggest that the relatively low biomass of medium and large fish species reflects the long‐term fishing pressure in São Tomé Island.
Nursing staff's experiences of intensive care unit diaries: a qualitative study
Authors: Johansson Maria , Wåhlin Ingrid , Magnusson Lennart , Hanson Elizabeth 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundDiaries as an intervention to aid psychological recovery among intensive care patients have been used for about 20 years, and findings tend to be positive. The provision of a diary directed at the patient may clarify the story of the intensive care unit (ICU) even for the family members and the family members of non‐survivors. Members of nursing staff are the primary authors, but how they themselves experience the use of ICU diaries has been minimally explored.Aims and objectivesThis study aimed to explore how nursing staff experienced the use of ICU patient diaries.DesignQualitative design using focus group interviews.MethodsA qualitative methodology was used. Six focus group interviews were conducted with 27 nursing staff recruited from one university and two county hospitals. The data were analysed via thematic content analysis.FindingsOne overarching theme, ‘An effort to do good in words and actions’, and four interconnected themes were derived from the analysis. By creating the diary, nursing staff had to deal with a variety of ethical and practical dilemmas, but feedback from patients, family members and ICU follow‐up services reinforced the feeling of doing good. This overarching feeling of beneficence encouraged diary authoring and increased motivation and commitment to strive towards excellent patient care. To sustain the use of ICU diaries, collegiate and organizational support was deemed essential.ConclusionsNursing staff strived to do good in words and actions for patients and their families when writing the diaries. Positive feedback from patients, family members and ICU follow‐up services reinforced feelings of doing good, which served to enhance work satisfaction and a commitment to good‐quality nursing care. Experiential‐based education was recommended to help sustain ICU diary writing.Relevance to clinical practiceNursing staff requested mentoring and group discussions concerning the format, content and communication channels of the diary.
Predictors of nurses’ stress working with older people admitted to acute care setting
Authors: El‐Hneiti Mamdouh , Shaheen Abeer M. , Bani Salameh Ayman , Al‐Hussami Mahmoud , Ahmad Muayyad 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimTo identify the predictors of nurses’ work stressors who care for older people (i.e., over age 65 years) in Jordan.BackgroundNurses sometimes experience stress which could occur as results of caring for older people, for example, with multiple physical and psychological needs. This stress could affect the job satisfaction and reduce the quality of care provided to older people. Thus, identifying sources of stress and predictors that cause stress for nurses is required to enhance quality of care for older people.DesignA cross‐sectional design.MethodsCluster random sampling was used to select study settings (i.e., 3 public hospitals, 3 private hospitals and 17 healthcare centres) in Amman, Jordan. A convenience sampling method was used to select 485 nurses. The Quality‐Work‐Competence questionnaire and Nurses’ Working Life Questionnaire were used. Multiple linear regressions were used to identify predictors of job stress for nurses providing care for older people. The data were collected between June 2016 and January 2017.ResultsJob satisfaction, competence, development skills, gender, organisational climate and employee development, all have demonstrated significant correlations with stress. The regression analysis showed that the model significantly predicted a sizable portion of variance (R2 = 0.27, p < 0.001) in the physical and psychological stress among nurses working in the older people care settings.ConclusionThe nursing profession and the employing agencies should support nurses who care for older people in practice by conducting special training programmes to cope with stress. Interventional studies should be conducted to confirm the association between the nurses’ work stress who care for older people and job satisfaction, competence, development skills, gender, organisational climate and employee development.Implications for practiceIt is recommended that rotating appropriate competent nurses who care for older people, in particular dementia patients who are usually very ill may have greater needs due to their cognitive status, through other wards would temporarily reduce the nurses’ stress. The nursing profession and the employing agencies should support nurses who care for older people in practice by conducting special training programmes focusing on the teaching skills and knowledge of how to deal with stress.
Balancing the physics of radiation: Challenges to the system of quantities and units in radiological protection
Authors: David Mariano Gazineu , Corrêa Mônica Ferreira , Videira Antonio Augusto Passos 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIonizing radiation is present in various situations in the contemporary world. Defining the quantities and units for this field is a complex scientific task, especially the quantities used in radiological protection (RP) to estimate the damage caused to individuals exposed to radiation (detriment). This article highlights the lack of consensus in the scientific RP community regarding the quantities and units employed in practice from the perspective of the philosophy of science. The basic concepts related to the system of quantities are presented, followed by the problems and criticisms addressed by experts in the field. Several reasons for these problems are identified. The article discusses the scant interest on the part of philosophy of science in RP. The philosophy of science is still dominated by an analytical–conceptual perspective that pays little attention to the actual influence of certain structures better understood when considered from the institutional viewpoint, which is here exemplified by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).