bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilization of a Role-Based Head Covering System to Decrease Misidentification in the Operating Room
Authors: Rosen David A. , Criser Andrew L. , Petrone Ashley B. , Jackson Eugenie , Bowers Jay 
Published: May 2019

Objectives
In a typical operating room (OR), there are many individuals who present all dressed in similar attire, making it extremely difficult to distinguish a person's role in the OR. Misidentification of an individual in the OR can make effective communication difficult, which could adversely impact patient safety. Furthermore, an inability to identify graduate medical students or distinguish students from OR faculty may hinder student learning opportunities within the OR. The purpose of this study was to determine whether implementation of a role-based, colored head covering requirement would improve identification in the OR and ultimately patient safety.

Methods
Operating room faculty and graduate medical students completed a four-question survey to assess opinions on misidentification in the OR, 1 month before and 2 months after a role-based head covering requirement was instituted in the OR. We analyzed the data from a total of 28 preintervention responses.

Results
Before intervention, students and OR faculty reported that it was difficult to distinguish students from OR faculty in the OR. After intervention, there was a significant decrease in the proportion of respondents who felt that it was difficult to distinguish students in training from trained OR personnel from 79% to 42% (P = 0.007)

Conclusions
Implementation of a role-based head covering system in the OR significantly increased the ability to determine a person's role in the OR. This study provides evocative support for a simple, inexpensive solution able to improve patient safety and learning opportunities for graduate medical students.
Styloid Process Osteoradionecrosis: Report of 3 Cases
Authors: Elakkad Ahmed , Romero-Sanchez Griselda Teresa , Forghani Reza , Ginsberg Lawrence E. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We report the imaging and clinical findings in 3 patients with osteoradionecrosis of the styloid process, an uncommon consequence of radiation therapy for head and neck malignancy.
Ultrasound Visualization of Torsional Anatomic Changes From External Rotation of the Anterior Shoulder
Authors: Strakowski Jeffrey A. , Chiou-Tan Faye Y. , Forrest Elizabeth G. , Ughwanogho Uvieoghene O. , Taber Katherine H. 
Published: May 2019

The sonographic appearance of soft tissue can be altered with movement. This can be related to both position change as well as torsional stress. The objective of this article is to demonstrate sonographic anatomy of the anterior shoulder as it moves into full external rotation.

Methods
Ultrasound images were obtained in a healthy human subject. Conventional imaging locations were selected that are typically utilized to assess musculoskeletal and peripheral nerve anatomy as well as perform therapeutic injections. The transducer was centered over each region to obtain both short- and long-axis views. A pair of sonographic images was recorded for both imaging planes at each site: the first in anatomic neutral and second in full external rotation. In addition, a video recording was made at each site to track the movement of the muscles and nerves during external rotation.

Results
The rotator interval including the intertubercular groove and biceps brachii long head moves far laterally when viewed in short axis, and it becomes out of plane when viewed in long axis. The subscapularis is relatively poorly visualized with the shoulder in neutral position, but the tendon and more distal aspect of the muscle are well visualized in full external rotation. The pectoralis major tendon insertion is well visualized in long axis with the shoulder in both neutral position and full external rotation. Movement of the humerus and the pectoralis major insertion are seen with shoulder rotation. The muscle appears to tighten and lengthen. The pectoralis major muscle is also seen in greater detail in external rotation. The cord level of the brachial plexus is also visualized at the infraclavicular portion of the anterior shoulder. The medial, posterior, and lateral cords are visualized in relation to the axillary artery. The relative position of the cords is only minimally altered with external rotation; however, the overlying pectoralis minor is tightened, and its influence can be visualized.

Discussion
External rotation has a considerable effect on the sonographic appearance of the anterior shoulder. Targets used for therapeutic injections, such as the bicipital groove, rotate out of clear view. Some chemodenervation targets, such as the muscle of the subscapularis, can only be accessed with the shoulder in full external rotation. Full external rotation of the shoulder also places torsional stress on some of the anterior shoulder structures, such as the pectorals, which can provide diagnostic clues in certain pathologic conditions.

Conclusion
Movement into external rotation changes the sonographic appearance of the anatomic relationships of the anterior shoulder. Knowledge of these torsional changes can have both diagnostic and therapeutic implications.
Dual-Energy Computed Tomography for Evaluating Acute Brain Infarction of Middle Cerebral Artery Territories: Optimization of Voltage Settings in Virtual Monoenergetic Imaging
Authors: Yoshida Morikatsu , Nakaura Takeshi , Tanoue Shota , Takada Sentaro , Inoue Taihei , Uetani Hiroyuki , Harada Kazunori , Yamashita Yasuyuki 
Published: May 2019

Objective
To evaluate the optimal virtual monochromatic energy in dual-energy computed tomography for differentiating between infarcted areas and normal brain parenchyma.

Methods
We enrolled 29 patients with middle cerebral artery acute brain infarction of who underwent examination by dual-energy computed tomography. We calculated the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) between white or gray matter and the infarcted area (CNR(W-I) and CNR(G-I), respectively) and normalized CNRs. From the normalized CNRs, we assessed which monochromatic energy gave the best balance between the infarcted area and normal brain parenchyma. The 70-keV images were used for comparison.

Results
The 99-keV images demonstrated the best balance between the infarction and normal brain parenchyma. In quantitative analysis, the 99-keV images were not inferior to the 70-keV images. (CNR(G-I), 1.92 ± 0.80 vs 2.00 ± 0.70, respectively [P = 0.16]; CNR(W-I), 0.52 ± 0.72 vs 0.40 ± 0.64, P < 0.01, respectively).

Conclusions
Monochromatic 99-keV energy images may be optimal for evaluating middle cerebral artery acute brain infarction.
Female-to-Male Transgender Chest Contouring
Authors: Cohen Wess A. , Shah Nikhil R. , Iwanicki Margaret , Therattil Paul J. , Keith Jonathan D. 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
The number of gender affirmation surgeries performed in the United States is increasing. Frequently, chest contouring is the first surgery for female-to-male transgender patients; it fosters assimilation into the new gender role with a desired sense of masculinity. Creating an aesthetic male chest requires adjustment of breast tissue volume, proper nipple-areolar complex placement, and abolishment of the inframammary fold. Although much has been published on various techniques and outcomes, there is no consensus on how to approach transmale top surgery. We have reviewed the most up-to-date literature and in so doing have uncovered significant knowledge gaps.

Methods
An electronic literature review was performed. PubMed search keywords included combinations of “female-to-male,” “transgender surgery,” “chest contour,” and “nipple-areolar complex.” Articles were included if the patients were transgender female to male.

Results
Our literature search yielded 67 unique articles, 22 of which met our inclusion criteria. A total of 2447 unique patients were analyzed. The articles discussed aspects of chest surgery in female-to-male transsexuals including mastectomy and nipple aesthetics. Relevant data trends were extracted and subsequently investigated.

Discussion
Female-to-male transgender patients often undergo chest contouring as their initial gender affirmation surgery. As the surgical treatment of gender dysphoria continues to grow, it is imperative for plastic surgeons to understand the surgical options and associated outcomes for transmasculine top surgery. Future research is needed to improve patient selection, surgical decision making, and patient-reported outcomes for different chest contouring techniques. In addition, there is a significant knowledge gap for the ideal nipple-areolar complex shape, size, and location.
Histone Deacetylase 7 Inhibition in a Murine Model of Gram-Negative Pneumonia-Induced Acute Lung Injury
Authors: Kasotakis George , Kintsurashvili Ekaterina , Galvan Manuel D. , Graham Christopher , Purves J. Todd , Agarwal Suresh , Corcoran David L. , Sullenger Bruce A. , Palmer Scott M. , Remick Daniel G. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT

Background:
Pulmonary infections remain the most common cause of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), a pulmonary inflammatory disease with high mortality, for which no targeted therapy currently exists. We have previously demonstrated an ameliorated syndrome with early, broad spectrum Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition in a murine model of gram-negative pneumonia-induced Acute Lung Injury (ALI), the underlying pulmonary pathologic phenotype leading to ARDS. With the current project we aim to determine if selective inhibition of a specific HDAC leads to a similar pro-survival phenotype, potentially pointing to a future therapeutic target.

Methods:
C57Bl/6 mice underwent endotracheal instillation of 30×106
Escherichia coli (strain 19138) versus saline (n = 24). Half the infected mice were administered Trichostatin A (TSA) 30 min later. All animals were sacrificed 6 h later for tissue sampling and HDAC quantification, while another set of animals (n = 24) was followed to determine survival. Experiments were repeated with selective siRNA inhibition of the HDAC demonstrating the greatest inhibition versus scrambled siRNA (n = 24).

Results:
TSA significantly ameliorated the inflammatory phenotype and improved survival in infected-ALI mice, and HDAC7 was the HDAC with the greatest transcription and protein translation suppression. Similar results were obtained with selective HDAC7 siRNA inhibition compared with scrambled siRNA.

Conclusion:
HDAC7 appears to play a key role in the inflammatory response that leads to ALI after gram-negative pneumonia in mice.
Treating the primary in metastatic prostate cancer: where do we stand?
Authors: Nason Gregory J. , Hamilton Robert J. 
Published: May 2019

Purpose of review
Traditionally, local treatment was reserved for palliative control of symptoms in men with metastatic prostate cancer. In the past few years there have been many advances in the systemic options available. The aim of this review is to explore the evidence in support of treating the primary tumor despite the presence of metastatic disease.

Recent findings
There is a wealth of retrospective studies demonstrating advantages of local treatment [radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy (RT)] in metastatic disease. As these studies are prone to bias, treatment of the primary in the metastatic setting has not been adopted. However, two recent prospective randomized trials (HORRAD and STAMPEDE) have addressed the role of RT to the prostate in metastatic disease. The STAMPEDE sub-group analysis of low-volume metastatic disease demonstrated a survival advantage in favor of the RT arm (hazard ratio 0.68; 95% CI 0.52–0.90). The HORRAD trial showed a similar but nonsignificant trend towards RT (hazard ratio 0.68; 95% CI 0.42–1.10). As a result, the 2019 European Association of Urology and National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines now include RT to the prostate as an option in the setting of low-volume metastatic disease.

Summary
Although systemic treatment remains standard of care for men with metastatic prostate cancer, there is recent compelling evidence from two prospective randomized trials supporting treatment of the prostate in oligometastatic disease.
Pathologies of Between-Groups Principal Components Analysis in Geometric Morphometrics
Authors: Bookstein Fred L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGood empirical applications of geometric morphometrics (GMM) typically involve several times more variables than specimens, a situation the statistician refers to as “highp/n,” wherepis the count of variables andnthe count of specimens. This note calls your attention to two predictable catastrophic failures of one particular multivariate statistical technique, between-groups principal components analysis (bgPCA), in this high-p/nsetting. The more obvious pathology is this: when applied to the patternless (null) model ofpidentically distributed Gaussians over groups of the same size, both bgPCA and its algebraic equivalent, partial least squares (PLS) analysis against group, necessarily generate the appearance of huge equilateral group separations that are actually fictitious (absent from the statistical model). When specimen counts by group vary greatly or when any group includes fewer than about ten specimens, an even worse failure of the technique obtains: the smaller the group, the more likely a bgPCA is to fictitiously identify that group as the end-member of one of its derived axes. For these two reasons, when used in GMM and other high-p/nsettings the bgPCA method very often leads to invalid or insecure bioscientific inferences. This paper demonstrates and quantifies these and other pathological outcomes both for patternless models and for models with one or two valid factors, then offers suggestions for how GMM practitioners should protect themselves against the consequences for inference of these lamentably predictable misrepresentations. The bgPCA method should never be used unskeptically — it is never authoritative — and whenever it appears in partial support of any biological inference it must be accompanied by a wide range of diagnostic plots and other challenges, many of which are presented here for the first time.
Proximity labeling of protein complexes and cell type-specific organellar proteomes in Arabidopsis enabled by TurboID
Authors: Mair Andrea , Xu Shou-Ling , Branon Tess C. , Ting Alice Y. , Bergmann Dominique C. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDefining specific protein interactions and spatially or temporally restricted local proteomes improves our understanding of all cellular processes, but obtaining such data is challenging, especially for rare proteins, cell types, or events. Proximity labeling enables discovery of protein neighborhoods defining functional complexes and/or organellar protein compositions. Recent technological improvements, namely two highly active biotin ligase variants (TurboID and miniTurboID), allowed us to address two challenging questions in plants: (1) what are in vivo partners of a low abundant key developmental transcription factor and (2) what is the nuclear proteome of a rare cell type? Proteins identified with FAMA-TurboID include known interactors of this stomatal transcription factor and novel proteins that could facilitate its activator and repressor functions. Directing TurboID to stomatal nuclei enabled purification of cell type- and subcellular compartment-specific proteins. Broad tests of TurboID and miniTurboID in Arabidopsis and N. benthamiana and versatile vectors enable customization by plant researchers.
FACS-based isolation and RNA extraction of Secondary Cells from the Drosophila male Accessory Gland
Authors: Immarigeon Clément , Karch François , Maeda Robert K. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTTo appreciate the function of an organ, it is often critical to understand the role of rare cell populations. Unfortunately, this rarity often makes it difficult to obtain material for study. This is the case for the Drosophila male accessory gland, the functional homolog of mammalian prostate and seminal vesicle. In Drosophila, this gland is made up of two morphologically distinct cell types: the polygonally-shaped main cells, which compose 96% of the organ, and the larger, vacuole-containing secondary cells (SCs), which represent the remaining 4% of cells (~40 cells per lobe). Both cell types are known to produce accessory gland proteins (Acps), which are important components of the seminal fluid and are responsible for triggering multiple physiological and behavioral processes in females, collectively called the post-mating response (PMR). While a few genes are known to be specific to the SCs, the relative rarity of SCs has hindered the study of their whole transcriptome. Here, a method allowing for the isolation of SCs is presented, enabling the extraction and sequencing of RNAs from this rare cell population. The protocol consists of dissection, protease digestion and mechanical dissociation of the glands to obtain individual cells. Then, the cells are sorted by FACS, and living GFP-expressing SC singulets are isolated for RNA extraction. This procedure is able to provide SC-specific RNAs from ~40 males per condition in the course of one day. Given the speed and low number of flies required, this method enables the use of downstream RT-qPCR and/or RNA sequencing to the study gene expression in the SCs from different genetic backgrounds, ages, mating statuses or environmental conditions.SUMMARYHere, we describe the dissociation and sorting of a specific cell population from the Drosophila male accessory glands (Secondary cells), followed by RNA extraction for sequencing and RT-qPCR. The dissociation consists of dissection, proteases digestion and mechanical dispersion, followed by FACS purification of GFP-expressing cells.
Enhanced biodegradation of naphthalene byPseudomonassp. consortium immobilized in calcium alginate beads
Authors: Dutta Kunal , Shityakov Sergey , Khalifa Ibrahim , Ballav Saroj , Jana Debarati , Manna Tuhin , Karmakar Monalisha , Raul Priyanka , Guchhait Kartik Chandra , Ghosh Chandradipa 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) belong to a large group of organic pollutant which considers as a potential health hazard to living beings. Herein, naphthalene biodegradation potential by free and immobilizedPseudomonas putidastrain KD10 andPseudomonassp. consortium were studied. Additionally, naphthalene 1, 2-dioxygenase (nahAc) was sequenced and analyzed, which reveals two altered amino acid residues. However, the altered amino acid residues are not present in the vicinity of the active site. The gas-phase binding free energy (ΔGLondon) of the mutant variant of naphthalene 1, 2-dioxygenase was -7.10 kcal mol-1which closely resembles the wild type variant. Naphthalene biodegradation rate byPseudomonas putidastrain KD10 was 79.12 mg L-1day-1and it was significantly elevated up to 123 mg L-1day-1by the immobilizedPseudomonassp. consortium. The half-life (t1/2) for naphthalene biodegradation was 3.1 days with the inhibition constant (ki), substrate saturation constant (ks) and maximum specific degradation rate constant (qmax) of 1268 mg L-1, 395.5 mg L-1and 0.65 h-1, respectively, for thePseudomonas putidastrain KD10. However, the t1/2value was significantly reduced to 2 days along withki,ksandqmaxvalues of 1475 mg L-1, 298.8 mg L-1and 0.71 h-1, respectively, by the immobilizedPseudomonassp. consortium. The GC-MS data suggest that KD10 might follow D-gluconic acid mediated meta-cleavage pathway of catechol biodegradation. It is concluded that naphthalene biodegradation performance by immobilizedPseudomonassp. consortium was superior to free or immobilizedPseudomonas putidaKD10. Microbial consortium immobilization could be a useful tool for water quality management and environmental remediation.HighlightsSuperior naphthalene biodegradation byPseudomonassp. consortium immobilized in calcium alginate beads.A common mutation prone amino acid stretch inside chain A of naphthalene 1, 2-dioxygenase has been identified.A new naphthalene biodegradation pathway byPseudomonas putidastrain KD10 has been proposed.
A longitudinal study on morphogenetic diversity of pathogenic Rhizoctonia solani from sugar beet and dry beans of western Nebraska
Authors: Das Saurav , Plyler-Harveson Tammy , Santra Dipak K. , Harveson Robert M. , Nielsen Kathy A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRoot and stem rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani is a serious fungal disease of sugar beet and dry bean production in Nebraska. Objective was to characterize morpho-genetic diversity of 38 Rhizoctonia solani isolated from sugar beet and dry beans fields in western Nebraska over 10 years. Classical morphological features and ISSR marker was used to study the morphogenetic diversity. Fungal colonies were morphologically diverse in shapes, aerial hyphae formation and colony, sclerotia color. Marker analysis using nineteen polymorphic ISSR marker showed polymorphic bands ranged from 15 - 28 with molecular weight 100bp to 3kb. Polymorphic loci ranged from 43.26 – 92.88%. Nei genetic distance within the population was ranged 0.03 –0.09 and Shannon diversity index varied from 0.24 – 0.28. AMOVA analysis based on ΦPT values showed 87% variation within and 13% among the population with statistical significance. Majority of the isolates from sugar beet showed nearby association within the population. There was significant number of cross crop clustering suggesting their broad pathogenicity. Isolates were grouped into three different clusters in UPGMA based cluster analysis using marker information. Interestingly, there was no specific geographical correlation between the isolates. PCA analysis showed randomized distribution among isolates from same geographical origin. Morphological characteristics showed crop-specific two distinct groups of isolates with few exceptions. While, genetic diversity showed two distinct group of isolates, one crop specific and one with wide pathogenicity. This information may help in molecular pathotyping of the pathogen for better disease management.