bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DEMOCRATIC FILM AND THE AESTHETICS OF CHOICE
Authors: Fay Jennifer 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTBoth the Germans and their American occupiers understood that films were supposed to support a democratic culture and worldview during the occupation following the Second World War. This essay explores how democratic culture comes to be defined at mid‐century through choice, and how two films that played in the Western Zones, Der Apfel ist ab (1948) and The Best Years of Our Lives (1946), take up choice as a formal aesthetic closely tied to a fraught democratic experience. Best Years, praised by German critics as a realistic portrait of American life, also adopts what the film critic André Bazin calls a democratic and liberal film style of deep focus compositions and shots of long duration that allow the spectator to choose what to look at in the frame. Yet, as even Bazin notes, this choice is slyly coercive. Der Apfel was a critical failure and thematises indecision within the narrative. In contrast to Best Years, it turns the optics of choice into vertiginous confusion in which there are no good choices. This essay argues that the democratic refusal in Der Apfel ist ab is an apt critique of ‘democracy as choice’, and that the film opens up new horizons of political invention.
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Migraine Prevention in Adolescents: A Pilot Open‐Label Study
Authors: Irwin Samantha L. , Qubty William , Allen I. Elaine , Patniyot Irene , Goadsby Peter J. , Gelfand Amy A. 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveTo assess the feasibility, tolerability, and patient acceptability of single‐pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (sTMS) for migraine prevention in adolescents in an open‐label pilot study.BackgroundMigraine is common in adolescents and can be disabling. Well tolerated preventative therapies that are safe and effective are needed.MethodsThis was an open‐label prospective pilot feasibility study of sTMS for migraine prevention in adolescents aged 12‐17 years. Participants used sTMS twice daily in a preventative fashion, as well as additional pulses as needed acutely. A 4‐week baseline run‐in period (weeks 1‐4) was followed by a 12‐week treatment period. Feasibility was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included tolerability and acceptability, as well as the change in headache days, number of moderate/severe headache days, days of acute medication use, and PedMIDAS (headache disability) scores between the run‐in period (weeks 1‐4) and the third month of treatment (weeks 13‐16).ResultsTwenty‐one participants enrolled. Nineteen completed the baseline run‐in, and 12 completed the study. Using sTMS proved feasible and acceptable with overall high compliance once treatment administration was streamlined. Initially, for preventive treatment, participants were asked to give 2 pulses, wait 15 minutes, then give 2 additional pulses twice daily. This 15‐minute delay proved challenging for adolescents, particularly on school days, and therefore was dropped. Study completion rate went from 4/13 (31%) to 7/8 (88%) once this change was made,P = .024. On average, participants used the device preventively between 22 and 24 days over a 28‐day block. There were no serious adverse events. Two participants reported mild discomfort with device use.ConclusionsTMS appears to be a feasible, well‐tolerated, and acceptable nonpharmacologic preventive treatment for migraine in adolescents. In designing future trials of sTMS for migraine prevention in adolescents, streamlined treatment administration will be essential to minimize drop‐out. Efficacy needs to be assessed in a larger trial.
Antibiotics resistance of Helicobacter pylori in children with upper gastrointestinal symptoms in Hangzhou, China
Authors: Shu Xiaoli , Yin Guofeng , Liu Mingnan , Peng Kerong , Zhao Hong , Jiang Mizu 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe decreasing eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori is mainly because of the progressive increase in its resistance to antibiotics. Studies on antimicrobial susceptibility of H. pylori in children are limited. This study aimed to investigate the resistance rates and patterns of H. pylori strains isolated from children.Materials and MethodsGastric mucosa biopsy samples obtained from children who had undergone upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were cultured for H. pylori, and susceptibility to six antibiotics (clarithromycin, amoxicillin, gentamicin, furazolidone, metronidazole, and levofloxacin) was tested from 2012‐2014.ResultsA total of 545 H. pylori strains were isolated from 1390 children recruited. The total resistance rates of H. pylori to clarithromycin, metronidazole, and levofloxacin were 20.6%, 68.8%, and 9.0%, respectively. No resistance to amoxicillin, gentamicin, and furazolidone was detected. 56.1% strains were single resistance, 19.6% were resistant to more than one antibiotic, 16.7% for double resistance, and 2.9% for triple resistance in 413 strains against any antibiotic. And the H. pylori resistance rate increased significantly from 2012‐2014. There was no significant difference in the resistance rates to clarithromycin, metronidazole, and levofloxacin between different gender, age groups, and patients with peptic ulcer diseases or nonulcer diseases.ConclusionsAntibiotic resistance was indicated in H. pylori strains isolated from children in Hangzhou, and it increased significantly during the 3 years. Our data strongly support current guidelines, which recommend antibiotic susceptibility tests prior to eradication therapy.
The wisdom nexus: Guiding information systems research, practice, and education
Authors: Dalal Nikunj , Pauleen David J. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract“Wisdom” has been at the heart of practical, philosophical, and spiritual disciplines since antiquity and is now increasingly receiving organizational as well as academic attention in scholarly areas that include psychology and organizational studies among others. However, practical wisdom has not received adequate focus in the information systems (IS) discipline. In this commentary, we make the case for a systemic focus on the role of wisdom in IS research, teaching, and practice. We introduce underlying theoretical concepts of wisdom; review relevant key research linking wisdom and IS; propose a framework to link wisdom with IS research, practice, and education; and discuss the implications of the framework and illustrate how it can be used to generate research opportunities for IS. We conclude that wisdom, whose goal is the common good, can provide a foundation to discover, view, understand, and resolve myriad issues that lie at the nexus of wisdom and information technologies.
DO SCANDALS TRIGGER GOVERNANCE CHANGES? EVIDENCE FROM OPTION BACKDATING
Authors: Gupta Atul , Misra Lalatendu , Shi Yilun 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe examine whether firms charged with backdating option grants make discernible changes to board structure and activity and whether such changes help recoup value losses from the revelation of option backdating. We find that these firms increased board size, reduced duality, and increased board independence. In addition, the boards and the compensation committees of these firms experienced significant increases in meeting frequency. We also find that firms in the same sectors that had not been identified as backdating option grants experienced similar changes in board activity and some elements of board structure. Additional analysis reveals that increases in board size, chief excutive officer turnover, and the meeting frequency of the audit committee are related to buy‐and‐hold abnormal returns in the postscandal period.
WHOM YOU CONNECT WITH MATTERS: DIRECTOR NETWORKS AND FIRM LOCATION
Authors: Baran Lindsay , Wilson Rachel 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe examine whether board members serve as a channel for remotely located firms to access the benefits from business‐dense areas due to economies of agglomeration. We find that geographically remote firms benefit from connections to firms in top metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) for business density. After controlling for director compensation, we find connections to top MSA firms mitigate the negative effect of increased distance from business‐dense areas. We address concerns of endogeneity by exploring a sample of firms whose directors gain board seats at top MSA firms and find a similar positive impact of connections to top MSA firms.
DO DIVIDEND FLOWS AFFECT STOCK RETURNS?
Authors: Kvamvold Joakim , Lindset Snorre 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe examine price impacts from dividend flows. Event‐study estimates show that stocks experience abnormal returns on the dividend distribution day. Results also show a spillover effect to non‐dividend‐paying stocks that are likely to be part of the same benchmark portfolio as the dividend‐paying stocks. Regression results indicate that the effect is dependent on the ownership share by professional investors. The temporary nature of the effect on returns is in line with the literature's demand‐driven price pressure hypothesis.
Exhumation of eclogite and blueschist (Cyclades, Greece): Pressure–temperature evolution determined by thermobarometry and garnet equilibrium modelling
Authors: Laurent Valentin , Lanari Pierre , Naïr Inès , Augier Romain , Lahfid Abdeltif , Jolivet Laurent 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHigh‐P rocks such as eclogite and blueschist are metamorphic markers of palaeo‐subduction zones, and their formation at high‐P and low‐T (HP–LT) conditions is relatively well understood since it has been the focus of numerous petrological investigations in the past 40 years. The tectonic mechanisms controlling their exhumation back to the surface are, however, diverse, complex and still actively debated. Although the Cycladic Blueschist Unit (CBU, Greece) is among the best worldwide examples for the preservation of eclogite and blueschist, the proposed P–T evolution followed by this unit within the Hellenic subduction zone is quite different from one study to another, hindering the comprehension of exhumation processes. In this study, we present an extensive petrological data set that permits refinement of the shape of the P–T trajectory for different subunits of the CBU on Syros. High‐resolution quantitative compositional mapping has been applied to support the thermobarometric investigations, which involve semi‐empirical thermobarometry, garnet equilibrium modelling and P–T isochemical phase diagrams. The thermodynamic models highlight the powerful use of reactive bulk compositions approximated from local bulk compositions. The results are also combined with Raman spectrometry of carbonaceous material (RSCM) to retrieve the metamorphic peak temperature distribution at the scale of the island. A major result of this study is the good agreement between all the independent thermobarometric methods, permitting reconstruction of the prograde and retrograde P–T trajectories. Garnet compositional zoning was used to retrieve prograde, peak and retrograde growth stages in line with the results of the P–T isochemical phase diagrams, RSCM temperature and peak‐pressure crystallization of the garnet–omphacite–phengite assemblage. Our results are consistent with previous thermobarometric estimates from other occurrences of CBU rocks (Tinos, Andros), suggesting a multistage exhumation process with (1) early syn‐orogenic exhumation within the subduction channel, (2) isobaric heating at mid‐crustal depths (~10–12 kbar) following thermal re‐equilibration of the lithosphere from a cold syn‐orogenic regime in the subduction zone to a warmer post‐orogenic regime in the back‐arc domain and (3) exhumation and cooling related to a post‐orogenic phase of extension following slab retreat. Expanding to the general aspects of subduction zones, we suggest that such metamorphic evolution of HP–LT units should be regarded as a characteristic feature of exhumation driven by slab rollback.
Delivery of an anti‐transthyretin Nanobody to the brain through intranasal administration reveals transthyretin expression and secretion by motor neurons
Authors: Gomes João R. , Cabrito Inês , Soares Hugo R. , Costelha Susete , Teixeira Anabela , Wittelsberger Angela , Stortelers Catelijne , Vanlandschoot Peter , Saraiva Maria J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTransthyretin (TTR) is a transport protein of retinol and thyroxine in serum andCSF, which is mainly secreted by liver and choroid plexus, and in smaller amounts in other cells throughout the body. The exact role ofTTRand its specific expression in Central Nervous System (CNS) remains understudied. We investigatedTTRexpression and metabolism inCNS, through the intranasal and intracerebroventricular delivery of a specific anti‐TTRNanobody to the brain, unveiling Nanobody pharmacokinetics to theCNS. InTTRdeficient mice, we observed that anti‐TTRNanobody was successfully distributed throughout all brain areas, and also reaching the spinal cord. In wild‐type mice, a similar distribution pattern was observed. However, in areas known to be rich inTTR, reduced levels of Nanobody were found, suggesting potential target‐mediated effects. Indeed, in wild‐type mice, the anti‐TTRNanobody was specifically internalized in a receptor‐mediated process, by neuronal‐like cells, which were identified as motor neurons. Whereas inKO TTRmice Nanobody was internalized by all cells, for late lysosomal degradation. Moreover, we demonstrate thatin vivomotor neurons also actively synthesizeTTR. Finally,in vitrocultured primary motor neurons were also found to synthesize and secreteTTRinto culture media. Thus, through a novel intranasalCNSdistribution study with an anti‐TTRNanobody, we disclose a new cell type capable of synthesizingTTR, which might be important for the understanding of the physiological role ofTTR, as well as in pathological conditions whereTTRlevels are altered inCSF, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.image
Effects of water viscosity and tongue ingestion site on tongue pressure during food bolus propulsion
Authors: Iguchi T. , Ohkubo M. , Sugiyama T. , Hori K. , Ono T. , Ishida R. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to help provide data to help to implement effective rehabilitation following surgery for oral cancer by comparing tongue pressure production for water and thickened water from the anterior and posterior parts of the tongue during swallowing. Ten healthy volunteers (7 men, 3 women; age 27.6 ± 1.5 years) participated in the experiments. Tongue pressure during 3 mL water and 3 mL thickened water at the anterior and posterior tongue during swallowing was measured using a sensor sheet system with five measuring points on the hard palate. The sequential order of the points, maximal magnitude and duration of tongue pressure at each point were compared based on water viscosity and tongue ingestion site. There was a common pattern in the sequential order of tongue pressure generation among the two swallowing conditions. The maximal magnitude of tongue pressure was significantly higher when swallowing thickened water than when swallowing water at all points except for the anterior‐median and mid‐median part. Moreover, the pressure at all sites during posterior ingestions was significantly lower than that during anterior ingestion. The present results provide mean values of tongue pressure during voluntarily triggered swallowing in anterior ingestion and posterior ingestion in young, healthy dentate individuals; these values can be clinically referenced for tongue pressure measurement in the evaluation of patients with dysphagia. The use of reference values may help streamline the diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of dysphagia.
Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial to Compare Posterior Implant‐Supported Modified Monolithic Zirconia and Metal‐Ceramic Single Crowns: One‐Year Results
Authors: Cheng Chih‐Wen , Chien Chia‐Hui , Chen Chun‐Jung , Papaspyridakos Panos 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this randomized controlled clinical trial was to investigate the prosthetic outcomes of posterior implant‐supported single crowns (SCs) with a modified monolithic zirconia or metal‐ceramic design at 1 year of loading.Materials and MethodsForty participants with 73 dental implants in need of at least 1 maxillary or mandibular posterior implant‐supported SC were consecutively selected for this study. The included participants were randomly divided into modified monolithic zirconia (MMZ) and metal‐ceramic (MC) groups. The implant‐supported SCs were examined after 1 year for survival and technical complications. Descriptive statistics were used to illustrate the data, and the association associated risks of complications were estimated using the logistic regression model with Firth's approach for rare outcome (α = 0.05).ResultsDuring the observation period, 2 participants in the MC group were lost to follow‐up. A total of 38 participants with 70 posterior implant‐supported SCs (36 and 34 SCs in the MMZ and MC groups respectively) completed the 1‐year follow‐up examination. One implant failed in the MMZ group. The 1‐year survival rates for implants and crowns were both 97.2% in the MMZ group. The survival rates for implants and crowns were both 100% in the MC group. One screw loosening event was observed in one screw‐retained SC in the MMZ group; however, 8 complication events occurred in 7 SCs in the MC group. Therefore, the complication‐free rates were 97.1% and 79.4% in the MMZ and MC SCs respectively. The most common complication in the MC group was screw loosening (14.7%), followed by loss of retention (5.9%), and ceramic fracture (2.9%). Significantly more technical complications were observed in the MC SCs than MMZ SCs (p = 0.0432).ConclusionThe modified monolithic zirconia design applied to the posterior implant‐supported SCs had a significantly lower technical complication rate than did the metal‐ceramic one.
Pharmacokinetics studies of 4′-cyano-2′-deoxyguanosine, a potent inhibitor of the hepatitis B virus, in rats
Authors: Hashimoto Mai , Taguchi Kazuaki , Ishiguro Takako , Kohgo Satoru , Imoto Shuhei , Yamasaki Keishi , Mitsuya Hiroaki , Otagiri Masaki 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Objectives
4′-cyano-2′-deoxyguanosine (CdG), a novel nucleoside analogue, has a high degree of antiviral activity against the chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV). The objective of this study was to develop an analytical method for quantitatively determining CdG levels in biological samples by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and to investigate the pharmacokinetic properties of CdG in rats after intravenous and oral administration.

Methods
An analytical method using a UPLC system interfaced with a TOF-MS system was developed and validated. The pharmacokinetic properties after the intravenous and oral administration of CdG to rats were evaluated. In vivo pharmacokinetic interactions between CdG and entecavir were also investigated.

Key findings
A rapid, simple and selective method for the quantification of CdG in biological samples was established using LC/MS with solid-phase extraction. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies of CdG in rats demonstrated that CdG is highly bioavailable, is rapidly absorbed from the intestinal tract, is then distributed to the liver rather than kidney and is ultimately excreted via the urine in an unchanged form. The co-administration of CdG and entecavir led to pharmacokinetic interactions with each other.

Conclusions
The data generated in this study provide support for the clinical development of CdG for use in the treatment of HBV.
Melatonin biosynthesis enzymes recruit WRKY transcription factors to regulate melatonin accumulation and transcriptional activity on W‐box in cassava
Authors: Wei Yunxie , Liu Guoyin , Chang Yanli , Lin Daozhe , Reiter Russel J. , He Chaozu , Shi Haitao 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMelatonin is widely involved in growth, development, and stress responses in plants. Although the melatonin synthesis enzymes have been identified in various plants, their interacting proteins remain unknown. Herein, overexpression of tryptophan decarboxylase 2 (MeTDC2)‐interacting proteins, N‐acetylserotonin O‐methyltransferase 2 (MeASMT2) interacting proteins, and N‐acetylserotonin O‐methyltransferase 3 (MeASMT3) in cassava leaf protoplasts resulted in more melatonin than when other enzymes were overexpressed. Through yeast two‐hybrid, 14 MeTDC2‐interacting proteins, 24 MeASMT2 interacting proteins, and 9 MeASMT3‐interacting proteins were identified. Notably, we highlighted MeWRKY20 and MeWRKY75 as common interacting proteins of the 3 enzymes, as evidenced by yeast two‐hybrid, and in vivo bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC). Moreover, co‐overexpression of MeTDC2/MeASMT2/3 with MeWRKY20/75 in cassava leaf protoplasts did not only activated the transcriptional activities of MeWRKY20 and MeWRKY75 on W‐box, but also induced the effects of MeTDC2, MeASMT2/3 on endogenous melatonin levels. Taken together, 3 melatonin synthesis enzymes (MeTDC2, MeASMT2/3) interact with MeWRKY20/75 to form a protein complex in cassava. This information significantly extends the knowledge of the complex modulation of plant melatonin signaling.
The environmental neurotoxin β‐N‐methylamino‐L‐alanine inhibits melatonin synthesis in primary pinealocytes and a rat model
Authors: Pierozan Paula , Andersson Marie , Brandt Ingvar , Karlsson Oskar 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe environmental neurotoxin β‐N‐methylamino‐L‐alanine (BMAA) is a glutamate receptor agonist that can induce oxidative stress and has been implicated as a possible risk factor for neurodegenerative disease. Detection of BMAA in mussels, crustaceans, and fish illustrates that the sources of human exposure to this toxin are more abundant than previously anticipated. The aim of this study was to determine uptake of BMAA in the pineal gland and subsequent effects on melatonin production in primary pinealocyte cultures and a rat model. Autoradiographic imaging of 10‐day‐old male rats revealed a high and selective uptake in the pineal gland at 30 minutes to 24 hours after 14C‐L‐BMAA administration (0.68 mg/kg). Primary pinealocyte cultures exposed to 0.05‐3 mmol/L BMAA showed a 57%‐93% decrease in melatonin synthesis in vitro. Both the metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 (mGluR3) antagonist Ly341495 and the protein kinase C (PKC) activator phorbol‐12‐myristate‐13‐acetate prevented the decrease in melatonin secretion, suggesting that BMAA inhibits melatonin synthesis by mGluR3 activation and PKC inhibition. Serum analysis revealed a 45% decrease in melatonin concentration in neonatal rats assessed 2 weeks after BMAA administration (460 mg/kg) and confirmed an inhibition of melatonin synthesis in vivo. Given that melatonin is a most important neuroprotective molecule in the brain, the etiology of BMAA‐induced neurodegeneration may include mechanisms beyond direct excitotoxicity and oxidative stress.