bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical, microstructural, and thermal characterization insights of pyrolyzed carbon black from waste tires reinforced epoxy nanocomposites for coating application
Authors: Verma Akarsh , Baurai Kriti , Sanjay M. R. , Siengchin Suchart 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPyrolysis is a viable technique to convert waste tires into recyclable products, as the dumping of these scrap tires pose a serious environmental threat. In the present investigation, a detail methodology to fabricate and characterize the carbonaceous filler (in the form of nanocarbon black obtained from pyrolysis of waste tires) modified epoxy resin composites has been retrieved. The composites with varying carbon filler content (0, 5, 10, and 15 wt%) were fabricated using the manual hand lay‐up and compression molding techniques. The morphological analysis (field‐emission scanning electron microscopy test) revealed that the synthesized pyrolytic carbon black was in nanoscale and uniformly dispersed in the epoxy matrix. Various physical (density and water absorption), mechanical (tensile, compression, flexural, hardness, and impact), electrical and thermal (differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetric analysis) tests were done to completely examine the nanocomposite developed. We found that the 5 wt% of carbon black in epoxy resin exhibited the best mechanical properties and was complemented by the microstructural (scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction) tests analysis. High tensile strength and hardness than neat epoxy resin makes this composite a potential candidate for polymer coatings in automotive industries.
Improvement in thermal, mechanical, and barrier properties of biocomposite of poly (3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyhexanoate)/modified nano‐SiO2
Authors: Li Dongna , Fu Jirui , Ma Xiaojun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA biocomposite of poly (3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBH)/nano‐SiO2 modified with silane coupling agent KH570 (KH570‐SiO2/PHBH) were prepared by solution‐casting method. SiO2 modified with KH570 exhibited improved uniform dispersion than that of pure nano‐SiO2, and maximum thermal decomposition temperature range and crystallinity (Xc) of KH570‐SiO2/PHBH are 8.6°C and 119.7% higher than that of neat PHBH. Compared to the neat PHBH, a 75.4% and 70.8% improvement in Young's modulus and tensile strength were obtained. The water‐vapor transmission and oxygen permeance of KH570‐SiO2/PHBH decreased by 46.2% and 618.6%, respectively. The oxygen barrier property is equivalent to that of polyvinylidene chloride. Simultaneous enhancements on the thermal stability, mechanical, crystallizing, and barrier properties were mainly caused by uniform dispersion of modified nano‐SiO2 and solid interfacial bonding between filler and matrix.
Relations of social‐emotional functioning and kindergarten academic achievement in children of immigrants
Authors: Houri Alaa K. , Sullivan Amanda L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNearly one in four students residing in the United States is from an immigrant family and these children's school readiness is related to their parent's nativity and other sociodemographic characteristics. Social‐emotional skills are an important conduit for academic development, yet these relations have not been explored for children from immigrant families. This study utilized the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study—Kindergarten Class of 2010–2011, a nationally representative sample of 13,400 students in the United States, to compare the social‐emotional development of kindergarten students from immigrant and nonimmigrant families, and to determine the relations of social‐emotional functioning to kindergarten achievement. Results indicate elevated social‐emotional functioning among children from immigrant families, particularly those who emigrated immigrated from Mexico, compared with children of U.S.‐born parents. Parent nativity predicted reading achievement, but not mathematics performance, even when controlling for sociodemographic factors and social‐emotional skills. This study suggests an immigrant advantage in early social‐emotional development. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Intrinsic and extrinsic future goals: Their differential effects on students’ self‐control and distal learning outcomes
Authors: Zhoc Karen C. H. , King Ronnel B. , Law Wilbert , McInerney Dennis M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractResearch on intrinsic and extrinsic future goals has mostly focused on their impact on wellbeing with relatively lesser attention being focused on key learning outcomes. This study investigates how the pursuit of different future goals (i.e., society‐, family‐, career‐, wealth‐, and fame‐oriented goals) affects students’ self‐control, and whether self‐control mediates the relationship between future goals and distal learning outcomes (i.e., students’ affect to school and academic achievement 1 year later). The study adopted a longitudinal design involving 8,354 secondary students from 16 schools in Hong Kong. Students had to complete English and Mathematics achievement tests and answer questionnaires measuring the key variables. Structural equation modeling analysis indicated intrinsic future goals were more adaptive compared to extrinsic ones. In particular, results revealed the importance of society‐oriented goal on self‐control and distal learning outcomes. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Assessments to evaluate bilinguals: The overdue discussion of the deaf and hard of hearing student population in the United States
Authors: Holcomb Leala , Lawyer Gloshanda 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAssessment is a major part of the United States schooling system. Legal requirements make assessment a large part of practitioner responsibilities. The significance of assessment is, even more, the case for special populations such as bilingual hearing and Deaf and Hard of Hearing students, groups that are often the target of concern for English language development delays, differences, and/or disorders. In this article, we discuss the issues around assessing the language of Deaf and Hard of Hearing bilingual students in the United States. We highlight parallels between Deaf Education and hearing bilingual education in regard to language assessment, as well as discuss important distinctions such as the placement of Deaf Education within Special Education and working with two or more language modalities (e.g., signed, spoken, and written). In addition, alternative language assessment practices are discussed. We close this article by proposing ways for practitioners to satisfy legal and field mandates to assess Deaf and Hard of Hearing students while also applying best practices for assessing language skills in bilingual populations.
Rockslides and rock avalanches in the Central Andes of Argentina and their possible association with permafrost degradation
Authors: Tapia Baldis Carla , Trombotto Liaudat Dario 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe identification of hazardous slopes with degrading permafrost is a key task in the mountain periglacial environment. If rockslides have previously been preconditioned by rock wall permafrost, similar events may be triggered from present unstable rock walls. An inventory of rockslides and rock avalanches in the austral part of the Santa Cruz river basin (31°40′–31°50′S, 70°30′–70°10’W), San Juan, Argentina, was made. The study area comprises a surface of approximately 432 km2 (50% above 3,500 m asl); 15 rockslides, 12 complex rockslides evolving to rock avalanches and 19 rock avalanches were identified. The deposits were analyzed with remote sensory imagery and during fieldwork in order to study processes under permafrost degradation caused by global warming. Rock sampling procedures and laboratory rock‐resistivity testing were also carried out. We characterized the detachment scars and deposits for two rockslides. Two different mechanisms were identified. In one rockslide, shallow active layer detachment was favored by shear‐displacement along pre‐existing joints, as a result of short‐term periods of climate warming. In the other, long‐term permafrost degradation favored a deeper failure process. The studied landslide processes could not be explained by permafrost degradation alone. Faults, the geometric arrangement of their structural elements and seismic activity may contribute to trigger these phenomena. It is expected that the magnitude and frequency of rockslide hazards will increase during the 21st century.
The bridging bronchus: A comprehensive review of a rare, potentially life‐threatening congenital airway anomaly associated with cardiovascular defects
Authors: Henry Brandon M. , Cheruiyot Isaac , Wong Linda M. , Keet Kerri , Mutua Victor , Chhapola Viswas , Tubbs R. Shane 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe bridging bronchus is a rare congenital airway anomaly in which the right upper lobe of the lung is supplied by the right main bronchus while the right lower lobe, and often the right middle lobe is supplied by an aberrant bronchus arising from the left main bronchus. The aberrant bronchus crosses (bridges) the lower part of the mediastinum, hence the term bridging bronchus (BB). This potentially life‐threatening condition, usually accompanied by diffuse or focal airway stenosis, commonly presents with signs and symptoms related to large airway obstruction, such as respiratory distress, apnea, wheezing, stridor, and recurrent respiratory tract infections. Diagnosis of the BB is often challenging because the associated signs and symptoms mimic those of common conditions such as bacterial and viral bronchiolitis, bronchial asthma, cystic fibrosis, and foreign body aspiration. The BB is also often accompanied by congenital cardiovascular anomalies, including left pulmonary artery sling, atrial, and ventricular septal defects, tetralogy of Fallot, patent ductus arteriosus, and coarctation of the aorta. Patients presenting with the above signs and symptoms who are not responsive to standard treatment modalities, and have accompanying cardiovascular congenital anomalies should, therefore, be investigated for the BB. Herein, we review the anatomy, embryology, clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, imaging techniques and surgical management of the BB.
In vitro evaluation of aerosol drug delivery with and without high flow nasal cannula in children
Authors: Alalwan Mahmood A. , Fink James B. , Ari Arzu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo quantify aerosol delivery with or without a high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) in place using pressurized metered‐dose inhaler (pMDI) and jet nebulizer (JN) with facemask in a simulated spontaneously breathing pediatric lung model.MethodsAn upper airway model of a 9‐month‐old infant (Sophia Anatomical Infant Nose‐Throat) with an absolute filter distal to the trachea was connected to a breathing simulator to simulate pediatric parameters (tidal volume = 100 mL, respiratory rate = 30 breaths/min, and I:E ratio = 1:1.4). Oxygen at 3 L/min was administered through an infant HFNC (Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand) attached to the nares of the model. Albuterol sulfate (2.5 mg/3 mL) was delivered with JN attached to an aerosol facemask and powered by air at 8 L/min. Ventolin Hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) (360 μg) was administered using pMDI connected to a valved holding chamber (VHC) with a facemask. Aerosol was administered to the model with and without HFNC in the nares (n = 3). Drug was eluted from the filter and quantified using spectrophotometry. Independent t tests were performed for data analysis (P < .05).ResultsAerosol deposition was greater without HFNC (6.05% ± 1.53% and 39.54% ± 8.98% for JN and pMDI/VHC, respectively) than with HFNC using JN (2.91% ± 0.23%; P = .024) and pMDI/VHC (6.04% ± 0.28%; P = .003). Delivery efficiency of pMDI/VHC was greater than JN with or without nasal cannula in place (P = .0001 and .003, respectively).ConclusionAerosol administered via facemask over HFNC was less efficient than removing HFNC during administration. When delivering medical aerosol by facemask, the benefit of increased aerosol delivery must be weighed against the changes in oxygen delivery and risk of lung derecruitment when nasal prongs are removed.
Caregiver burden in children with cystic fibrosis and primary ciliary dyskinesia
Authors: Keniş Coşkun Özge , Gençer Atalay Kardelen , Erdem Ela , Karadag‐Saygi Evrim , Gökdemir Yasemin , Karadağ Bülent 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionCaregiver burden impacts both the social and economic framework of society. Cystic fibrosis (CF) causes significant caregiver burden, but the current data is scarce. In the case of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), even less is known. This study aims to compare the caregiver burden of the parents of patients with CF and PCD.MethodsPatients with CF and PCD between the ages of 6 to 13 and their parents were included. Patients’ clinical information and parents’ demographics were recorded. Caregiver burden was measured with Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale (ZCB), while the quality of life (QOL) was measured with CFQOL—revised (CFQOL‐R) and PCD QOL questionnaire as the patients’ age and diagnosis indicated.ResultsA total of 63 patients, 44 with CF (69%) and 85 caregivers (35 mothers, 6 fathers, and 22 mother‐father dyads) participated in the study. Caregiver burden was significantly higher in mothers of the CF group with a mean ZCB of 30.5 ± 10.7 when compared to the PCD group with a mean ZCB of 21.93 ± 8.26 (P = .006). This was similar in fathers with mean ZCB of 27.5 ± 9.21 in the CF group and 20.36 ± 7.43 in the PCD group (P = .03). In correlation analyses, mothers’ caregiver burden moderately and inversely correlated with CFQOL‐R subscales in the CF population.ConclusionCaregiver burden is significantly higher in the CF population when compared to PCD. It is correlated with pulmonary functions and QOL in patients with CF.
Application of an expert system of X‐ ray micro computed tomography imaging for identification of Sitophilus oryzae infestation in stored rice grains
Authors: Srivastava Shubhangi , Mishra Gayatri , Mishra Hari N 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe plausibility of image texture analysis to assess X‐ray images of S. oryzae‐infested rice after variable storage days (fresh, 45, 90, 135, 180 and 225 days) was investigated using an X‐ray micro computed tomography instrument. Subsequently, image acquisition, pre‐processing, and the extraction of the image textural features was done using volume graphics VGL 2.2 software. Morphological features (radius, diameter, volume, compactness, sphericity, defect volume, and voids) were extracted from the x, y, and z views of the rice grain and used as inputs for principal component analysis (PCA).RESULTSClear grouping was observed between the fresh, 45 and 225‐day‐old S. oryzae‐infested rice grains with a classification accuracy of 88.34%. The voids (884 248.53 μm3) and defect volume distribution (137 428.04 μm3) were found to be the maximum in 225‐day‐old samples. The similarity or the distance indices values between fresh and 255‐day‐old S. oryzae‐infested rice samples were found to be 35 038.08, which resulted in clear discrimination between different storage days in S. oryzae‐infested rice grains.CONCLUSIONThis work contributes to the potential use of image texture analysis to aid in distinguishing S. oryzae‐infested rice grains from fresh rice grains. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Analysis of artificially oxidized cardiolipins and monolyso‐cardiolipins via liquid chromatography/high‐resolution mass spectrometry and Kendrick mass defect plots after hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography based sample preparation
Authors: Helmer Patrick O. , Korf Ansgar , Hayen Heiko 
Published: August 2019

RationaleCardiolipins (CL) are a special lipid class which plays a main role in energy metabolism in mitochondria and is involved in apoptosis. In contrast to other glycerophospholipids, they contain four fatty acyl residues which results in a high structural diversity. Oxidation, for example by reactive oxygen species, or lyso forms such as monolyso‐CL (MLCL), increases this diversity. Mass spectrometric analysis and computational identification of CL, MLCL and their oxidation products is therefore a challenging task.MethodsIn order to distinguish CL, MLCL and their oxidation products, a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method was developed. A hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)‐based solid‐phase extraction (SPE) clean‐up approach was developed for CL enrichment. Graphical analysis of CL, MLCL and their oxidation products was carried out by a three‐dimensional Kendrick mass defect (3D‐KMD) plot module, as well as a refined lipid search module of the open‐source metabolomics data mining software MZmine 2.ResultsThe HILIC‐based SPE clean‐up enabled complete separation of polar and nonpolar lipid classes. A yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) lipid extract, which was artificially oxidized by means of the Fenton reaction, was analyzed by the developed LC/MS/MS method. CL species with differences in chain length and degree of unsaturation have been separated by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In total 66 CL, MLCL and oxidized species have been identified utilizing 3D‐KMD plots in combination with database matching using MZmine 2. For further characterization of annotated species, MS/MS experiments have been utilized.Conclusions3D‐KMD plots capturing chromatographic and high‐resolution mass spectrometry data have been successfully used for graphical identification of CL, MLCL as well as their oxidized species. Therefore, we chose multiple KMD bases such as hydrogen and oxygen to visualize the degree of unsaturation and oxidation capturing chromatographic data by means of a color‐coded paint scale as the third dimension. In combination with database matching, the analysis of low concentrated lipid species in complex samples has been significantly improved.
H2 and H∞ almost output synchronization of heterogeneous continuous‐time multi‐agent systems with passive agents and partial‐state coupling via static protocol
Authors: Stoorvogel Anton A. , Saberi Ali , Liu Zhenwei , Nojavanzadeh Donya 
Published: August 2019

SummaryThis paper studies H2 and H∞ almost output synchronization problems for heterogeneous continuous‐time multiagent systems with passive agents and strongly connected communication graph. For non‐introspective passive agents, a linear static protocol can be designed to achieve almost output synchronization with arbitrarily small H2 norm. Moreover, we show that the H∞ almost output synchronization problem via static protocol is not solvable for this class of systems.
New and Efficient Synthesis of HCV NS3/4 A Protease Inhibitor Telaprevir
Authors: Porala Subbanarasimhulu , Yerrabelly Jayaprakash Rao , Kasireddy Venkateshwar Reddy , Yerrabelly Hemasri , Ghojala Venkat Reddy , Rebelli Pradeep 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAn efficient and improved approach for the synthesis of HCV NS3/4 A (Hepatitis C virus Non‐structural protein 3) protease inhibitor, Telaprevir 1 has been developed, which involves the novel synthesis of key intermediates β‐amino‐α‐hydroxy amide 2 and tripeptide acid 3. The synthesis of β‐amino‐α‐hydroxy amide 2 was designed via the monochloro 24, dichloro 25 intermediates using the crossed Claisen condensation followed by decarboxylation with good overall yield (29.62%). The tripeptide acid 3 was developed by the coupling of dipeptide acid 20 with bicyclic nitrile 29 followed by simple chemical conversions in less number of steps with good overall yield (61.2%).
One‐Pot Three‐Component Synthesis of 3‐Aminoalkyl Indoles Catalyzed by Molecular Iodine
Authors: Depa Navaneetha , Erothu Harikrishna 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA facile one‐pot three‐component coupling (3CC) of indoles, aldehydes, and N‐alkyl anilines has been attained using a catalytic quantity of molecular iodine under neutral conditions to afford 3‐aminoalkyl indoles at room temperature. The salient features of this method are the mild reaction conditions, the operational simplicity of the method, outstanding yields in moderately at short reaction times and low cost of the catalyst.
Protonation‐Assisted Exfoliation of N‐Containing 2D Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Zhang Xinlei , Luo Xiao , Zheng Xusheng , Wu Xiaojun , Xu Hangxun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractUltrathin 2D conjugated polymer nanosheets are an emerging class of photocatalysts for solar‐to‐chemical energy conversion. Until now, the majority of ultrathin 2D polymer photocatalysts are produced through exfoliation of layered polymers. Unfortunately, it still remains a great challenge to exfoliate layered polymers into ultrathin nanosheets with high yields. In this work, a liquid‐phase protonation‐assisted exfoliation is demonstrated to enable remarkably improved exfoliation yields of various 2D N‐containing conjugated polymers such as g‐C3N4, C2N, and aza‐CMP. The exfoliation yields are only 2–15% in pure water whereas they can be substantially improved to 41–56% in 12 m HCl. The exfoliated ultrathin nanosheets possess average thicknesses less than 5 nm and can be easily dispersed in aqueous solutions. More importantly, the exfoliated nanosheets exhibit significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity toward photocatalytic water splitting compared to their bulk counterparts. Further characterizations and computational calculations reveal that protonation of the heterocyclic nitrogen sites in the conjugated polymer frameworks can lead to strong hydrogen bonding between the polymer surfaces and water molecules, resulting in facilitated exfoliation of polymers into the liquid phase. This study unveils an important protocol toward producing ultrathin 2D N‐containing conjugated polymer nanosheets for future solar energy conversion.
How has SPI changed in times of agile development? Results from a multi‐method study
Authors: Küpper Steffen , Pfahl Dietmar , Jürisoo Kristjan , Diebold Philipp , Münch Jürgen , Kuhrmann Marco 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe emergence of agile methods and practices has not only changed the development processes but might also have affected how companies conduct software process improvement (SPI). Through a set of complementary studies, we aim to understand how SPI has changed in times of agile software development. Specifically, we aim (a) to identify and characterize the set of publications that connect elements of agility to SPI, (b) to explore to which extent agile methods/practices have been used in the context of SPI, and (c) to understand whether the topics addressed in the literature are relevant and useful for industry professionals. To study these questions, we conducted an in‐depth analysis of the literature identified in a previous mapping study, an interview study, and an analysis of the responses given by industry professionals to SPI‐related questions stemming from an independently conducted survey study. Regarding the first question, we identified 55 publications that focus on both SPI and agility of which 48 present and discuss how agile methods/practices are used to steer SPI initiatives. Regarding the second question, we found that the two most frequently mentioned agile methods in the context of SPI are Scrum and Extreme Programming (XP), while the most frequently mentioned agile practices are integrate often, test‐first, daily meeting, pair programming, retrospective, on‐site customer, and product backlog. Regarding the third question, we found that a majority of the interviewed and surveyed industry professionals see SPI as a continuous activity. They agree with the agile SPI literature that agile methods/practices play an important role in SPI activities but that the importance given to specific agile methods/practices does not always coincide with the frequency with which these methods/practices are mentioned in the literature.