bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Endocranial Bifrontal Angle: A Longitudinal Evaluation in Two Patients With Metopic Synostosis
Authors: Cabrejo Raysa , Lu Xiaona , Persing John 
Published: April 2019

Background:
Metopic craniosynostosis is the early fusion of the skull bones in the frontal region of the metopic suture, which leads to trigonocephaly and neurological sequelae. Severe metopic craniosynostosis is defined by an endocranial bifrontal angle less than 124°, and this serves as a threshold for neurological deficit and significant skull deformity, typically warranting surgical treatment.

Methods:
Two patients presented for evaluation for metopic craniosynostosis. Low-dose computed tomography imaging was performed in both patients due to concern for underlying metopic craniosynostosis.

Results:
In both patients, imaging demonstrated an initial endocranial bifrontal angle greater than 124°. However, in subsequent evaluation, the children developed severe trigonocephaly, and an angle less than 124°.

Conclusion:
The authors present 2 patients with metopic craniosynostosis, which became severe over time. The authors hypothesize that this may be due to an initial smaller head circumference, which later experienced rapid growth, leading to narrower endocranial bifrontal angle. Therefore, younger children with suspected metopic craniosynostosis, with initially smaller head circumference (but not meeting the threshold of 124°) should be followed longitudinally, as the head circumference may demonstrate greater narrowing subsequently into a more severe form of trigonocephaly and possibly surgery.
Correction of Complex Neurofibromatosis Orbital and Globe Malposition Using the Orbital Box Segmentation Osteotomy With Patient-Specific Internal Orbit Reconstruction
Authors: Davidson Edward H. , Khavanin Nima , Grant Michael , Kumar Anand R. 
Published: April 2019

Introduction:
Correction of severe orbital and globe malposition from neurofibromatosis remains a significant clinical challenge. Current techniques including zygoma osteotomy, bone grafting, or placement of orbital implants do not adequately address aberrant anatomy, under-correct the deformity, and are prone to relapse. The authors have developed the orbital box segmentation osteotomy to reduce vertical orbital height and translocate the orbit and use patient-specific custom internal orbital titanium implants to close the cranio-orbital communication—reestablishing both the external orbital shape and internal orbital volume.

Methods:
Virtual surgical planning with contralateral mirror imaging was used to design symmetrical repositioning of the external orbit and to determine segmentation required to reduce the vertical excess and inferior rim malposition as well as for manufacturing patient-specific titanium implants. Orbital volume was measured from preoperative, virtual surgical simulation, and postoperative imaging using stereotactic software. Globe position was assessed using pre- and postoperative 3-dimensional photography software (Canfield).

Results:
All patients (n = 3, mean age 12 years) demonstrated improved globe position and orbital contour with resolution of globe pulsatility. Virtual surgical planning predicted postoperative volumes within 0.8 cm3 ± 0.5. Mean volume orbital change was 4.5 cm3, change in conformation and distribution of orbital volume was present in all patients. Vertical globe position improved from 11.5 mm preoperatively to within 1 mm of the unaffected side postoperatively. One patient had surgical site infection, there is no evidence of relapse at mean 24-months follow-up.

Conclusion:
Segmental box osteotomy with internal orbital reconstruction redistributes orbital volume safely and accurately addresses globe malposition from neurofibromatosis.
Sonolucent Cranial Implants: Cadaveric Study and Clinical Findings Supporting Diagnostic and Therapeutic Transcranioplasty Ultrasound
Authors: Belzberg Micah , Shalom Netanel Ben , Yuhanna Edward , Manbachi Amir , Tekes Aylin , Huang Judy , Brem Henry , Gordon Chad R. 
Published: April 2019

Background:
Previously, sonographic evaluation of the intracranial contents was limited to intraoperative use following bone flap removal, with placement of the probe directly on the cortical surface or through a transsulcal tubular retractor. Cranioplasty with sonolucent implants may represent a postoperative window into the brain by allowing ultrasound to serve as a novel bedside imaging modality. The potential sonolucency of various commonly used cranial implant types was examined in this study.

Methods:
A 3-phase study was comprised of cadaveric evaluation of transcranioplasty ultrasound (TCU) with cranioplasty implants of varying materials, intraoperative TCU during right-sided cranioplasty with clear implant made of poly-methyl-methacrylate (PMMA), and bedside TCU on postoperative day 5 after cranioplasty.

Results:
The TCU through clear PMMA, polyether-ether-ketone, and opaque PMMA cranial implants revealed implant sonoluceny, in contrast to autologous bone and porous-polyethylene. Intraoperative ultrasound via the clear PMMA implant in a single patient revealed recognizable ventricular anatomy. Furthermore, postoperative bedside ultrasound in the same patient revealed comparable ventricular anatomy and a small epidural fluid collection corresponding to that visualized on an axial computed tomography scan.

Conclusion:
Sonolucent cranial implants, such as those made of clear PMMA, hold great promise for enhanced diagnostic and therapeutic applications previously limited by cranial bone. Furthermore, as functional cranial implants are manufactured with implantable devices housed within clear PMMA, the possibility of utilizing ultrasound for real-time surveillance of intracranial pathology becomes much more feasible.
Imaginology Tridimensional Study of Temporomandibular Joint Osseous Components According to Sagittal Skeletal Relationship, Sex, and Age
Authors: Lobo Fernanda , Tolentino Elen de Souza , Iwaki Lilian Cristina Vessoni , Walewski Leticia Ângelo , Takeshita Wilton Mitsunari , Chicarelli Mariliani 
Published: April 2019

Objective:
To assess the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osseous components morphology and the condyle position in patients with different sagittal skeletal relationships, sex, and age, using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Methods:
The CBCT images of 180 asymptomatic patients (60 class I, 60 class II, and 60 class III) were assessed retrospectively. Groups were also divided according to age (<40 years, n = 90; ≥40 years, n = 90) and sex (male, n = 90; female, n = 90). Right- and left-sided TMJ spaces, articular eminence inclination (AEI) and height (AEH), thickness of the roof of the glenoid fossa (TRGF) and the anteroposterior position of the condyle in glenoid fossa were evaluated. Differences were tested using the analysis of variance, Tukey and t-tests (P < 0.05).

Results:
For condylar position, no differences were found between sex and age groups, but spatial differences existed among skeletal classes. Significant differences were found between the right and left angular position in patients with malocclusion. Class II individuals presented lower anterior articular spaces. The condyle-glenoid fossa relationship presented a moderate correlation of bilaterality. The AEI and AEH were significant lower in class III individuals and class I patients presented the lowest values for TRGF. The values of AEH, TRGF and of all joint spaces of males were higher. In individuals over the age of 40 years, the AEI and AEH measurements were significant greater.

Conclusion:
Sagittal skeletal relationships have a significant effect on condyle position, AEI, and AEH. The eminence inclination and height and TRGF are influenced by sex and age.
Anatomic Variations of Paranasal Region in Migraine
Authors: Elvan Özlem , Esen Kaan , Çelikcan Havva Didem , Tezer Mesut Sabri , Özgür Anil 
Published: April 2019

Purpose:To assess the incidence of anatomical variations of the paranasal region on computed tomography in migraine patients compared with control subjects.Methods:Paranasal computed tomography scans of 2 groups consisting of 50 migraine patients and 50 control subjects were evaluated, retrospectively. The presence of anatomic variations and the unilateral or bilateral presence of these variations were noted. Appropriate statistical tests were performed to compare the migraine and control groups, using a thresholdPvalue of 0.05 for statistical significance.Results:The migraine group included 39 female and 11 male patients with mean age of 39.9 (range: 18–65) years. The control subject group included 29 female and 21 male patients with mean age of 41.9 (range: 18–73) years. Anatomic variations noted included nasal septal deviation and spur, paradoxical curvature of middle concha, agger nasi cell, infraorbital ethmoidal (Haller) cells, sphenoethmoidal (Onodi) cells, supraorbital ethmoidal air cells, concha bullosa, uncinate bulla, and pneumatized crista galli. Of these variations, only the presence of Haller cells was statistically significantly higher in the migraine group compared with controls (P = 0.007). The unilateral presence of Onodi (P < 0.001), unilateral presence of supraorbital ethmoidal air cells (P = 0.012), and bilateral presence of concha bullosa (P = 0.016) were statistically significantly higher in the migraine group. There was no statistically significant difference between the unilateral or bilateral presence of Haller cells in migraine patients compared with controls (P > 0.05).Conclusion:Radiographic assessment of the paranasal sinuses is useful to elucidate potential points of pathology in migraine patients. The specific contribution of Haller cells to migraine headache symptoms and safe methods for surgical decompression warrant further study.
Application of Cultured Epidermal Homograft (Kaloderm) for Wide Scar Treatment
Authors: Lee Joon Seok , Chu Seung Gyun , Lee Jeong Woo , Choi Kang Young , Yang Jung Dug , Cho Byung Chae , Jeon Saewha , Chung Ho Yun 
Published: April 2019

Background:For the treatment of wide scars, laser resurfacing procedures are generally used. However, sometimes their results are not satisfactory. Many clinical studies have reported that cultured epidermal allogenic sheets promote rapid and good quality wound healing. Therefore, the authors applied a cultured epidermal homograft (CEH) for scar management and investigated its outcomes.Methods:Thirty-two patients who received a CEH (Kaloderm) after laser resurfacing (n = 14, under general anesthesia; n = 18, under local anesthesia) between February 2016 and June 2017 were enrolled. Patients treated with dermabrasion using laser resurfacing (n = 60) without CEH in the same period were used as controls. Clinical grading of the scars was performed using a Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) at postoperative 12 months.Results:The authors conducted a comparative analysis between the control and CEH groups. Evaluation based on Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale showed that the mean scores in control/CEH groups for the 7 observer components (vascularity, pigmentation, thickness, relief, pliability, surface area, and overall opinion) were 4.5/3.2, 3.3/2.8, 2.8/2.5, 3.6/3.5, 3.7/2.1, 2.3/1.9, and 3.2/2.7, respectively, with significant differences observed in vascularity, pliability, and surface area (Pvalues = 0.033, 0.021, and 0.048, respectively). Meanwhile, the mean scores in control/CEH groups for 7 patient components (pain, itching sense, color, stiffness, thickness, irregularity, and overall opinion) were 4.1/2.3, 3/3.1, 2.2/2.1, 2.2/1.7, 3.6/3.5, 1.8/1.5, and 2.2/1.9, respectively, with significant differences between groups observed in pain, stiffness, and overall opinion in the pairedttest (Pvalues = 0.041, 0.020, and 0.048, respectively).Conclusion:Cultured epidermal homograft provided good quality wound healing and improved scar pliability. Cultured epidermal homograft left less scarring with no pain or other specific complications. Therefore, dermabrasion with CEH is useful for scar management.
Craniofacial Anthropometry: Normative Data for Caucasian Infants
Authors: Dang Rushil R. , Calabrese Carly E. , Burashed Hamad M. , Doyle Michael , Vernacchio Louis , Resnick Cory M. 
Published: April 2019

Purpose:
Craniofacial anthropometry is a valuable tool for characterization of facial dysmorphology and evaluation of treatment outcomes. Databases of normal anthropometric ranges are limited for infants. The aim of this study is to establish normative data for craniofacial anthropometric measurements in Caucasian infants.

Methods:
This is a prospective cross-sectional study including Caucasian infants (≤12 months old) that were recruited from a pediatric medicine practice and Boston Children's Hospital. Infants with craniofacial deformities, trauma or operations were excluded. The sample was stratified by age (in months) into 4 groups: 0 to 3, 3.1 to 6, 6.1 to 9, and 9.1 to 12. Three dimensional (3D) photographs were obtained for all subjects. Forty-five standard anthropometric points were plotted, and 37 measurements were made on the 3D photographs. Two evaluators independently performed all measurements. One examiner repeated the measurements on 25% of the subjects. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated to assess inter-rater and intra-rater agreement.

Results:
Thirty-three subjects were enrolled in the study. The mean age for the entire sample was 6.3 ± 3.0 months, and 17 subjects (52%) were female. The mean ages (months) for each group were: 1.9 ± 0.7 for group 1 (n = 6); 4.4 ± 0.7 for group 2 (n = 8); 7.5 ± 1.1 for group 3 (n = 11); and 9.9 ± 1.0 for group 4 (n = 8). Descriptive statistics are presented for each group. Inter- and intra-rater agreements were acceptable (ICC >0.6) for 21 anthropometric measurements.

Conclusions:
This study generated normative craniofacial anthropometric measurements for Caucasian infants. These data can be used in the interpretation of measurements for research studies evaluating craniofacial anomalies in this population.
Clear Aligner Use Following Surgery-First Mandibular Prognathism Correction
Authors: Kook Min-Suk , Kim Hyun-Min , Oh Hee-Kyun , Lee Kyung-Min 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This case report introduces a treatment in mandibular prognathism correction by combining the surgery-first (SF) approach and clear aligners. An intraoral scanner (TRIOS 3, 3Shape, Copenhagen, Denmark) and a virtual setup program (OrthoAnalyzer, 3Shape) were used for treatment simulation. All clear aligners were fabricated using a 3-dimensional printer. The total treatment was completed within 3 months after surgery. An immediate improvement of the facial profile was obtained using the SF approach, and rapid and esthetic tooth movement was achieved using clear aligners. This case report demonstrated that the combination of the SF approach and clear aligners could be a patient-oriented surgical-orthodontic treatment method.
Wound ballistics of military rifle bullets: An update on controversial issues and associated misconceptions
Authors: Stefanopoulos Panagiotis K. , Mikros George , Pinialidis Dionisios E. , Oikonomakis Ioannis N. , Tsiatis Nikolaos E. , Janzon Bo 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
The wound ballistics literature contains several misconceptions about the physical effects of penetrating projectiles in tissue and tissue simulants. These can adversely affect the proper management of gunshot injuries, particularly in view of the ongoing threat of terrorist and criminal acts using assault rifles against civilians. The understanding of the wounding effects by military rifle bullets can be founded on the concept of energy transfer to the wound as applied to high-energy missile trauma. A substantial component of high-energy transfer in assault rifle injuries is manifested by the dynamic phenomenon of temporary cavitation, which is extensively reviewed with respect to its impact on the wound production and the associated controversy surrounding its consequences in soft tissue wounds. Part of this controversy emanates from misinterpretation of experimental data regarding the magnitude of the temporary cavity induced by high-velocity projectiles and the different conceptions of the tissue response to cavitation. The interaction between the projectile and tissue can lead to tumbling and possibly to deformation and fragmentation of the bullet, all of which strongly influence the energy transfer characteristics affecting both the temporary cavitation and the size of the permanent wound channel. Awareness of these effects can enhance perception of clinical and radiological findings suggestive of the wounding mechanism by various projectiles.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Review/therapeutic, level V.
Understanding multivariate brain activity: evaluating the effect of voxelwise noise correlations on population codes in functional magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Zhang Ru-Yuan , Wei Xue-Xin , Kay Kendrick 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTPrevious studies have shown that neurons exhibit trial-by-trial correlated activity and that such noise correlations (NCs) greatly impact the accuracy of population codes. Meanwhile, multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) has become a mainstream approach in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), but it remains unclear how NCs between voxels influence MVPA performance. Here, we tackle this issue by combining voxel-encoding modeling and MVPA. We focus on a well-established form of NC, tuning-compatible noise correlation (TCNC), whose sign and magnitude are systematically related to the tuning similarity between two units. We first replicate the classical finding that TCNCs impair population codes in a standard neuronal population. We then extend our analysis to fMRI data, and show that voxelwise TCNCs do not impair and can even improve MVPA performance when TCNCs are strong or the number of voxels is large. We also confirm these results using standard information-theoretic analyses in computational neuroscience. Further computational analyses demonstrate that the discrepancy between the effect of TCNCs in neuronal and voxel populations can be explained by tuning heterogeneity and pool sizes. Our results provide a theoretical foundation to understand the effect of correlated activity on population codes in macroscopic fMRI data. Our results also suggest that future fMRI research could benefit from a closer examination of the correlational structure of multivariate responses, which is not directly revealed by conventional MVPA approaches.
Stability of Nitroxide Biradical TOTAPOL in Biological Samples
Authors: McCoy Kelsey , Rogawski Rivkah , Stovicek Olivia , McDermott Ann 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe characterize chemical reduction of a nitroxide biradical, TOTAPOL, used in dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) experiments, specifically probing the stability in whole-cell pellets and lysates, and present a few strategies to stabilize the biradicals for DNP studies. DNP solid-state NMR experiments use paramagnetic species such as nitroxide biradicals to dramatically increase NMR signals. Although there is considerable excitement about using nitroxide-based DNP for detecting the NMR spectra of proteins in whole cells, nitroxide radicals are reduced in minutes in bacterial cell pellets, which we confirm and quantify here. We show that addition of the covalent cysteine blocker N-ethylmaleimide to whole cells significantly slows the rate of reduction, suggesting that cysteine thiol radicals are important toin vivoradical reduction. The use of cell lysates rather than whole cells also slows TOTAPOL reduction, which suggests a possible role for the periplasm and oxidative phosphorylation metabolites in radical degradation. Reduced TOTAPOL in lysates can also be efficiently reoxidized with potassium ferricyanide. These results point to a practical and robust set of strategies for DNP of cellular preparations.
PLANT NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE A antagonizes salicylic acid-primed cell death
Authors: Lee Keun Pyo , Liu Kaiwei , Kim Eun Yu , Medina-Puche Laura , Duan Jianli , Li Yingrui , Dong Haihong , Lv Ruiqing , Li Zihao , Lozano-Duran Rosa , Kim Chanhong 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTPeptide hormones perceived in the cell surface via receptor proteins enable cell-to-cell communication and act in multiple biological processes through the activation of intracellular signaling. Even though Arabidopsis is predicted to have more than 1,000 secreted peptides, the biological relevance of the majority of these is yet to be established. Here, we demonstrate that PLANT NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE A (PNP-A), a functional analog to vertebrate atrial natriuretic peptides, antagonizes the salicylic acid (SA)-mediated cell death in the Arabidopsis lesion-stimulating disease 1 (lsd1) mutant. While loss of PNP-A potentiates SA signaling, exogenous application of the PNP-A synthetic peptide or overexpression of PNP-A significantly compromises the SA-mediated cell death. Moreover, we identified a plasma membrane-localized receptor-like protein, which we name PNPAR (for PNP-A receptor), that binds PNP-A and is required to counteract SA responses. Our work identifies a novel peptide-receptor pair which modulates SA responses in Arabidopsis.
Understanding the Mechanistic Contribution of Herbal Extracts in Compound Kushen Injection with Transcriptome Analysis
Authors: Shen Hanyuan , Qu Zhipeng , Harata-Lee Yuka , Aung Thazin Nwe , Cui Jian , Wang Wei , Kortschak R. Daniel , Adelson David L. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHerbal compatibility is the knowledge of which herbs to combine in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulations. The lack of understanding of herbal compatibility is one of the key problems for the application and popularization of TCM in western society. Because of the chemical complexity of herbal medicines, it is simpler to begin to conduct compatibility research based on herbs rather than component plant secondary metabolites. We have used transcriptome analysis to explore the effects and interactions of two plant extracts (Kushen and Baituling) combined in Compound Kushen Injection (CKI). Based on shared chemical compounds andin vitrocytotoxicity comparisons, we found that both the major compounds in CKI, and the cytotoxicity effects of CKI were mainly derived from the extract of Kushen (Sophorae flavescentis). We generated and analyzed transcriptome data from MDA-MB-231 cells treated with single-herb extracts or CKI and results showed that Kushen contributed to the perturbation of the majority of cytotoxicity/cancer related pathways in CKI such as cell cycle and DNA replication. We also found that Baituling (Heterosmilax yunnanensis Gagnep) could not only enhance the cytotoxic effects of Kushen in CKI, but also activate immune-related pathways. Our analyses predicted that IL-1βgene expression was upregulated by Baituling in CKI and we confirmed that IL-1βprotein expression was increased using an ELISA assay. Altogether, these findings help to explain the rationale for combining Kushen and Baituling in CKI, and transcriptome analysis using single herb extracts is an effective method for understanding herbal compatibility in TCM.