bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of scan substrates on accuracy of 7 intraoral digital impression systems using human maxilla model
Authors: Bocklet Chris , Renne Walter , Mennito Anthony , Bacro Thierry , Latham Jason , Evans Zachary , Ludlow Mark , Kelly Abigail , Nash Jansen 
Published: May 2019

Structured AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to determine how the accuracy of digital impressions was affected by four common dental substrates using seven prevalent IOS systems to scan the complete arch of a human maxilla.Setting and Sample PopulationThe Department of Oral Rehabilitation at the Medical University of South Carolina. A single cadaver maxilla.Materials and MethodsSeven digital intraoral impression systems were used to scan a freshly harvested human maxilla. The maxilla contained several teeth restored with amalgam and composite, as well as unrestored teeth characterized by enamel. Also, three teeth were prepared for full coverage restorations to expose natural dentin. An industrial grade metrology software program that allowed 3D overlay and dimensional computation compared deviations of the complete arch and its substrates on the test model from the reference model.ResultsSubstrates were significantly different from each other when considering scan data as a whole, as well as when comparing IOS devices individually. Only PlanScan failed to reveal trueness differences between the different substrates, while only Emerald revealed precision differences between the substrates.ConclusionsSubstrate type does impact the overall accuracy of intraoral scans with dentin being the most accurate and enamel being the least accurate. The four substrates scanned impacted the trueness of all IOS devices.
Influence of mini‐screw diameter and loading conditions on static and dynamic assessments of bone‐implant contact: An animal study
Authors: Exposto Cristina R. , Oz Ulas , Westgate Philip M. , Huja Sarandeep S. 
Published: May 2019

Structured AbstractObjectivesThe goal was to compare static versus dynamic bone‐implant interface histology of mini‐screws and to evaluate its relation to diameter and load.Setting and Sample PopulationCanine animal model.Material and MethodsCustom‐machined, titanium alloy (Ti6AI4V) mini‐screws (n = 70) of 1.60, 2.00, 3.00 and 3.75 mm diameter were placed into edentulous sites in five skeletally mature beagle dogs. Using a split‐mouth design, no load (NL) was applied to one side while a 2N load (L) was applied by calibrated coil springs on the other side. Intravenous bone labels were administered 21 and 7 days prior to sacrifice. Dogs were euthanized 90 days after screw placement. Bone sections were analysed under bright‐field and epifluorescent light. The region of interest was defined as the bone within the threads of the screws. The following parameters were quantified: (a) Static—bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV %) and bone‐implant contact (BIC, %); (b) Dynamic—labelled bone/bone volume (LB/BV, %), and dynamic BIC (DBIC, %).ResultsBV/TV ranged from 71.2% to 85.0% of the screw surface. BIC ranged from 45.7% to 55.4% of the screw surface and was not affected by diameter (P = 0.66). In contrast, the percentage of DBIC did not vary with the applied load (P = 0.41); however, it correlated significantly with the diameter of the screw (P = 0.001).ConclusionThe percentage of DBIC that is actively remodelling increases with increasing diameter of the screw. Dynamic histomorphometry is more sensitive to detecting changes in bone‐implant contact when compared to static measurements.
3D landmarks of Craniofacial Imaging and subsequent considerations on superimpositions in orthodontics—The Aarhus perspective
Authors: Cattaneo Paolo M. , Yung Augustine K. C. , Holm Annemarie , Mashaly Omar M. , Cornelis Marie A. 
Published: May 2019

Structured AbstractObjective(a) To evaluate intra‐ and inter‐observer reliability in landmarks placement along the three planes of space on cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) data sets; (b) To evaluate whether the reliability of each landmark differs in CBCT scans characterized by two different voxel dimension and quality.Setting and Sample PopulationA total of 84 scans were used in this study: 49 scans were taken with the NewTom 3G, and 35 scans were taken with the NewTom 5G. The scans were characterized by an isotropic voxel dimension of 0.36 and 0.30 mm for the NewTom 3G and the NewTom 5G, respectively.MethodsA total of 13 landmarks were placed according to the corresponding definitions in 3D, also presented in this study: Foramen Spinosum (R/L), Nasion, Sella, Gonion (R/L), Pogonion, Menton, A point, Anterior nasal spine, Posterior nasal spine, Basion, Cribriform Plate (CR). Intra‐ and inter‐observer reliability and Intra‐class correlation coefficients (ICC) ICC for landmarks identification were assessed. Five reference and registration planes based on the above‐mentioned landmarks were also presented.ResultsICC both for the intra‐ and inter‐observer measurements had a score larger than 0.9 in all directions, except in the sagittal direction for CR. Regarding intra‐ and inter‐observer reliability, only N, S, and Ba scored well in all directions.ConclusionsMost of the landmarks analysed displayed a high reliability along at least 2 directions. The choice of landmarks to define registration and superimposition planes must be carefully selected, as the reliability of these planes is inherited from the one of the landmarks defining them.
Solvothermal synthesis of WO3/TiO2/carbon fiber composite photocatalysts for enhanced performance under sunlight illumination
Authors: Balta Zeynep , Bilgin Simsek Esra , Berek Dusan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCarbon fiber (CF)‐based WO3/TiO2 composite catalysts (WO3/TiO2/CF) were successfully synthesized by solvothermal method. The catalysts were characterized by XPS, SEM, BET, XRD, FTIR, Raman and UV–Vis. The analyses confirmed the WO3/TiO2 nanoparticles with high crystallinity deposited on the carbon structure. The photocatalytic degradation of Orange II azo dye under UV and sunlight illumination with the synthesized catalyst was explored. The composite catalyst displayed high performance (85%) for Orange II degradation while that of for WO3/TiO2 was found as 76%. The effects of CF amount, solution pH, initial dye concentration and catalyst dose on photocatalytic performance were studied. It was found that the degradation efficiency increased from 68% to 90% with the increasing CF amount from 3 wt% to 5 wt%, while the further increase in CF amount (7–10 wt%) decreased the photodegradation due to the blocking the active sites of WO3/TiO2. The enhanced photocatalytic efficiency was mainly attributed to the electrical properties of the CF and reduced bandgap.
Skin Microbiome Compositional Changes in Atopic Dermatitis Accompany Dead Sea Climatotherapy
Authors: Brandwein Michael , Fuks Garold , Israel Avigail , Sabbah Fareed , Hodak Emmilia , Szitenberg Amir , Harari Marco , Steinberg Droron , Bentwich Zvi , Shental Noam , Meshner Shiri 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDead Sea climatotherapy (DSC) is a well‐established therapeutic modality for the treatment of several diseases, including atopic dermatitis. Skin microbiome studies have shown that skin microbiome diversity is anticorrelated with both atopic dermatitis severity and concurrent Staphylococcus aureus overgrowth. This study aimed to determine whether DSC induces skin microbiome changes concurrent with clinical improvements in atopic dermatitis. We sampled 35 atopic dermatitis patients and ten healthy controls on both the antecubital and popliteal fossa. High‐resolution microbial community profiling was attained by sequencing multiple regions of the 16S rRNA gene. Dysbiosis was observed in both lesional and nonlesional sites, which was partially attenuated following treatment. Severe AD skin underwent the most significant community shifts, and Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus mitis and Micrococcus luteus relative abundance were significantly affected by Dead Sea climatotherapy. Our study highlights the temporal shifts of the AD skin microbiome induced by Dead Sea climatotherapy and offers potential explanations for the success of climatotherapy on a variety of skin diseases, including AD.
Messages and Familiar Faces: Crowdfunding in the 2017 U.K. Electoral Campaign
Authors: Pompl Solange , Gherghina Sergiu 
Published: May 2019

Political crowdfunding is a relatively new process. Research has sought to unveil its functioning in particular case studies. However, crowdfunding in electoral campaigns remains largely unexplored and little is known about why some candidates are more likely to attain targeted donation levels than others. This article addresses this gap in the literature and analyzes the use of crowdfunding in the 2017 U.K. General Election campaign. It aims to explain the variation in candidates’ ability to reach the proposed targets. The analysis uses original data collected from 100 crowdfunding projects, campaign websites, and the social media pages of the candidates during the campaign. The findings indicate that candidates with an aggressive message, who are realistic about their proposed target and who are already in office, are more likely to gather donations closer to their targets.Related ArticlesBrogan, Michael J., and Jonathan Mendilow. 2012. “The Telescoping Effects of Public Campaign Funding: Evaluating the Impact of Clean Elections in Arizona, Maine, and New Jersey.” Politics & Policy 40 (3): 492‐518. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2012.00353.xJäckle, Sebastian, and Thomas Metz. 2017. “Beauty Contest Revisited: The Effects of Perceived Attractiveness, Competence, and Likability on the Electoral Success of German MPs.” Politics & Policy 45 (4): 495‐534. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12209Lavery, Lesley. 2013. “Gender Bias in the Media? An Examination of Local Television News Coverage of Male and Female House Candidates.” Politics & Policy 41 (6): 877‐910. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12051
Diversity and distribution of Laurencia sensu stricto (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) from the Mexican Pacific, including L. mutueae sp. nov.
Authors: Sentíes Abel , Dreckmann Kurt M. , Hernández Oscar E. , Núñez Resendiz María L. , Le Gall Line , Cassano Valéria 
Published: May 2019

SUMMARYThe alpha diversity of Laurencia sensu stricto, as well as the majority of the other algal groups along the Mexican Pacific, was underestimated because very few studies had incorporated the use of molecular markers in taxonomic studies, which would allow a more realistic estimation of diversity, incluing new records and new species. The records of Laurencia s.s. for the Eastern Pacific (California, USA to Chile) currently represent 23% of its richness worldwide. In this work, we proposed an updated census of the currently recognized species of Laurencia s.s. for the Mexican Pacific. This checklist reported the occurrence of 22 species that represent 16% of the 137 species worldly recorded. We further included taxonomic remarks, type localities, and a detailed distribution for each species. In addition, we proposed a new species for this region, Laurencia mutueae sp. nov., based on morphological observation as well as phylogenetic analyses. The distribution in the Mexican Pacific revealed that the highest records of species were for the sub‐temperate region, while the localities along the Mexican tropical Pacific were poorly recorded. The scarcity of floristic affinities between the eastern and the western and central parts of the North Pacific Ocean was hypothesized to be a consequence of a strong isolation and hard barriers, such as the water masses between these regions.
A Brief Measure of Unbearable Psychache
Authors: Pachkowski Mikayla C. , May Alexis M. , Tsai Michelle , Klonsky E. David 
Published: May 2019

ObjectivePsychache has been proposed to cause suicide when it becomes unbearable. However, existing measures of psychache do not directly target unbearable psychache. Thus, the purpose of the current study was to provide initial validation for a brief measure of unbearable psychache.MethodThree items were selected to create the Unbearable Psychache Scale (UP3). Psychometric properties were assessed in two populations: (1) an online sample composed of 1,006 adults (53% male) from various locations in the United States and (2) a sample of 190 psychiatric inpatient adults (47% male) from a hospital in Western Canada.ResultsIn both samples, theUP3 demonstrated excellent internal reliability, and strong convergent and predictive validity. Additionally, theUP3 predicted significant variance in suicidal ideation over and above documented correlates of suicidal ideation including general psychache, hopelessness, perceived burdensomeness, and low belongingness.ConclusionsTheUP3 is a brief, psychometrically sound measure of unbearable psychache that may be well‐suited for use in research protocols and clinical assessments.
Where Have All the Rural Poor Gone? Explaining the Rural–Urban Poverty Gap in European Countries
Authors: Bernard Josef 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis article contributes to explanations of rural poverty and deprivation by focusing on the rural–urban poverty and deprivation gap in European countries. Using European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions data, it confirms, convincingly, the limited validity of the argument for universally increased poverty and deprivation levels in rural areas in Europe, and demonstrates that the disparities are related to four theoretically elaborated factors: increased rural poverty can be observed in countries with lower rural population densities, in countries with a higher proportion of farmers, in post‐socialist transition countries, and in countries with generally lower economic development levels and decreased living standards. In particular, national economic development appears to be the essential factor behind rural disadvantage. Three interrelated negative processes have been revealed in the countryside of poor European countries: an increased concentration of low‐resource households, a higher poverty risk to these households, and additional poverty‐enhancing effects that operate independently of household resources. These direct rural effects are strongly conditioned by the national economic advancement and related urbanisation processes.
3D imaging of human epidermis micromorphology by combining fluorescent dye, optical clearing and confocal microscopy
Authors: Fernandez Eric , Marull‐Tufeu Sylvie 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe human epidermis presents a complex organization due to its dynamic and plein‐stratified epithelium. Still nowadays, one of the best method to study this layer of the skin remains the histology sections. This approach remains tedious and gives only 2D information.Materials and MethodsRhodamine B is a dye known to have a high affinity for the epidermal layer and to possess fluorescent properties. Associated with a clarification method such as 3DiSCO, this dye maintains a high fluorescence emission. The skin which became transparent can then be investigated with a Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope.ResultsWe showed that this technique can collect longitudinal or transversal optical sections of the epidermis as whole. Serial sections allowed to move easily into the epidermis. A 3D imaging can also be generated to study the microrelief of the stratum corneum or the complex organization of the dermal‐epidermal junction.ConclusionIn this work, we describe a simple and fast staining and clearing method for skin samples. In association with a fluorescence microscope such as the confocal, we show a new way to characterize the whole epidermis. This work appears as a valuable and complementary method to understand several topics around skin investigation.
Public Attention to a Local Disaster Versus Competing Focusing Events: Google Trends Analysis Following the 2016 Louisiana Flood
Authors: Yeo Jungwon , Knox Claire Connolly 
Published: May 2019

ObjectivesThis study explores trends of public attention to natural disasters, emphasizing the importance of public attention for disaster management and its relevance to policy adaptation.MethodsPublic attention was measured as Google Trends’ time‐series Search Volume Index (SVI). We compare the trend of SVI for the 2016 Louisiana Flood with SVI trends for other disasters of varying size, scale, and scope within the United States. Then, we compared the trend of relative SVI for the flood with other ongoing social/political events over the same observation period.ResultsPublic attention to the 2016 Louisiana Flood formed and matured relatively faster than other national disasters in the comparison group. However, the flood disaster was not leading public attention at the national level.ConclusionsNot late but less public attention might have affected disaster management operations for 2016 Louisiana Flood. Authors address some practical implications and strategies for rising public attention to natural disasters.
Development of digital bathymetry maps for Lakes Azuei and Enriquillo using sonar and remote sensing techniques
Authors: Moknatian Mahrokh , Piasecki Michael , Moshary Fred , Gonzalez Jorge 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis article presents an improved algorithm for optimization and development of a digital bathymetric model (DBM) for Lake Azuei (LA) (Haiti) and Lake Enriquillo (LE) (Dominican Republic) using the ANUDEM method. Both sonar data and contour lines of the lakes’ layout extracted using Landsat imagery were compiled for bathymetry development. We show that the performance of the ANUDEM method was strongly dependent on the density and irregularity of the spatial distribution of the data. Changing the resolution of the output grids and deriving auxiliary topographically corrected contours improved the ANUDEM performance and minimized the systematic errors of the method. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference between measured and interpolated depths, characterized by a root mean square error of less than 0.71 m (LE) and 0.96 m (LA), and a median difference of −0.009 m (LE) and 0.012 m (LA) on average. The shape reliability analysis revealed a relationship between accuracy and the depth and slope values, increasing in the center of the lakes where they are deep and the slope is gentle.
Aportes a la comprensión de la increencia en Colombia
Authors: Beltrán William Mauricio 
Published: May 2019

Este artículo intenta una revisión bibliográfica sobre el crecimiento y las características de la población que se identifica como atea, agnóstica o no afiliada a ninguna religión en Colombia. Con base en la revisión de investigaciones sobre el tema, artículos de prensa e información disponible en blogs y páginas electrónicas, caracteriza a esta población en aspectos como sus posiciones frente a la espiritualidad, la ética, la ciencia y la política. Propone, además, algunas hipótesis sobre las causas del crecimiento de este sector de la población y sobre la relación de dicho crecimiento con la secularización de la sociedad colombiana.
Characterization of a Novel Emergency Suction Device for Combat Medics
Authors: Akhter Forhad , Schoppe Austin , Navarro Omar , Carroll Christopher , Jain Priya , Pescador Ricardo , Feng Yusheng , De Lorenzo Robert , Hood R. Lyle 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Airway clearance is a foremost priority for combat medics dealing with battlefield trauma. This life saving intervention starts with inspection, clearing any obstructions from the airway, and if necessary, placement of an endotracheal tube to secure the airway. For inspecting and clearing the airway under complicated battlefield conditions, combat medics require a portable suction device that is compact, lightweight, rugged, and capable of rapidly evacuating a mix of liquid and solid particles, which may include bone fragments or broken teeth. While several portable suction devices are available on the market, none were developed specifically for the combat environment. Interviews with combat medics and other relevant personnel revealed that currently available systems are limited in utility to the point of often being intentionally omitted from their kits. In addition, these discussions identified several design specifications for a desired system, such as size (30 × 10 × 10 cm), weight (≤1 kg), fluid flowrate (1 L/min), and canister size (0.5–1 L), among others. This research focused on developing and characterizing a functional prototype within the specified design criteria. After designing and fabricating the device, evacuation of water, blood mimicking solution, and simulated vomitus solution were assessed. In addition, a comparative analysis was carried out between the five different commercially available suction catheters by assessing fluid flow rate and obstruction resistance. The results demonstrate the first proof-of-concept characterization for a novel combat-oriented suction system and provide a basis for comparing the performance of suction systems and catheters used in airway management.
A Device for Preloaded, Trifolded Grafts to Facilitate Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty
Authors: Chiang Eric , Chen Conan , Barnes Kali , Chaurasia Akash , Rosen Allison , Solar Steven , Wiener Batya , Cai Stephanie , Subramanya Anshul , Vora Parth , Durr Nicholas J. , Eghrari Allen O. , Allen Robert 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) is the most efficacious partial endothelial keratoplasty, offering the highest likelihood of 20/20 vision and the shortest recovery times. However, current devices do not effectively address the difficult step of unrolling the corneal graft within the eye which is the greatest barrier to DMEK adoption. Here, we present the design, development, and testing of a novel device that simplifies and standardizes DMEK graft transplantation. The patent-pending cartridge facilitates the trifold technique, a graft preparation method that allows the graft to naturally unroll in the eye and reduces time-consuming manipulation steps required in alternative techniques. Injection molding was used to manufacture devices which were tested with research-grade corneal grafts. The cartridge's design allows it to fit into a typical corneoscleral incision, maintains trifolded grafts (p = 0.006), and reduces endothelial cell loss (ECL) (p = 0.049). These results demonstrate that the device introduced here is suitable for DMEK and may simplify this procedure for corneal surgeons.