bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whole cell inactivated autogenous vaccine effectively protects red Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) against francisellosis via intraperitoneal injection
Authors: Ramírez‐Paredes José Gustavo , Mendoza‐Roldan Miguel Angel , Lopez‐Jimena Benjamin , Shahin Khalid , Metselaar Matthijs , Thompson Kim D. , Penman David J. , Richards Randolph H. , Adams Alexandra 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFrancisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis is a pathogen of tilapia and other warm‐water fish for which no vaccines are commercially available. In this study, a whole cell formalin‐inactivated vaccine was developed for the first time using the highly virulent isolate STIR‐GUS‐F2f7 and the oil‐based adjuvant Montanide™ ISA 763A VG. The efficacy of the vaccine was assessed in red Nile tilapia via intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection using homologous experimental infection and correlates of protection such as seral antibody production and bacterial loads in the spleen. For immunization, fish were i.p. injected with 0.1 ml of the vaccine, the adjuvant alone or PBS. At 840 degree days post‐vaccination, all fish were i.p. injected with 4.0 × 103 CFU/fish of pathogenic bacteria. The RPS at the end of the trial was 100% in the vaccinated group with significantly higher survival than in the adjuvant and control groups. The RPS in the adjuvant group was 42%, and no significant difference was seen in survival between this and the PBS group. Moreover, significantly higher antibody titres in the serum and significantly lower bacterial loads in the spleen were detected in the vaccinated fish by ELISA and qPCR, respectively. These findings highlight the potential of autogenous vaccines for controlling francisellosis in tilapia.
Morphological characterization of the adherence and invasion of Streptococcus agalactiae to the intestinal mucosa of tilapia Oreochromis sp.: An in vitro model
Authors: Vásquez‐Machado Gersson , Barato‐Gómez Paola , Iregui‐Castro Carlos 
Published: June 2019

AbstractStreptococcosis in tilapia Oreochromis sp. is possibly the most important bacterial disease for fish production worldwide. In Colombia, streptococcosis is caused by Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS), but in other countries, Streptococcus iniae is also involved. Prevention of streptococcosis is required and must be addressed for economic, social, international trade and public health reasons. This research used an in vitro culture of tilapia intestine to detail the intestinal mucosal response once the pathogen contacts the epithelium. We show that S. agalactiae sheds off its capsule to adhere to the epithelium. The bacterium adheres as a single individuum, in groups or in chains and is able to divide on the apical border of enterocytes. GBS adheres at and invades exclusively through the apical portion of the intestinal folds, using the transepithelial route. Once within the cytoplasm of enterocytes, the bacteria continue to divide. On the basolateral side of the epithelium, the microorganisms leave the cells to reach the propria and travel through the microcirculation. No evidence of an immuno‐inflammatory reaction or goblet cell response in the epithelium or the lamina propria was seen during the process of adherence and invasion of the pathogen.
Effects of operating conditions during hollow fiber ultrafiltration of bitter gourd (Mormordica charantia) extract and analysis of nutritional qualities in subsequent storage study
Authors: Jain Amit , De Sirshendu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBitter gourd extract was clarified by cross flow ultrafiltration using a hollow fiber module under total recycle mode using polysulfone based membrane. The 70 kDa membrane was found to be the most suitable among the 10‐, 44‐, 70‐, and 120 kDa molecular weight cut‐off membranes. Variations of various resistances, viz. membrane hydraulic resistance, pore blocking resistance, and fouling layer resistance with operating conditions were examined. Effect of transmembrane pressure and cross flow rate on flux and quality parameters were examined and based on these results 138 kPa transmembrane pressure and 30 L/hr cross flow rate were found suitable operating conditions for processing of extract. Storage study revealed that the ultrafiltered extract could be successfully stored for 20 weeks without any additive, preservative and flavoring agent, maintaining its natural taste, aroma, nutrition, flavor, color, smell, and other nutritional qualities at par to fresh extract.Practical applicationsAqueous extract of vegetables possesses many ingredients having therapeutic values and medicinal importance. Bitter gourd is one such vegetable containing many health benefits. The present work deals with development of a cold sterilization process for bitter gourd extract using hollow fiber ultrafiltration without any additives, preservatives, and subsequent in‐depth storage analysis. Novelty of the process includes identification of suitable membrane for this purpose, detailed flux decline analysis of the selected membrane, effects of operating conditions on the throughput and physicochemical parameters of the processed extract. The storage study indicates that the extract can be preserved for 20 weeks without any external chemicals maintaining the natural flavor, taste, and nutrient profiles of the original extract. Filtration experiments were conducted in scalable hollow fiber units. Therefore, this study is of paramount significance in scaling up of processing of bitter gourd extract having long shelf life.
Mixed endometrioid and clear cell carcinoma arising from laparoscopic trocar site endometriosis
Authors: Tsuruga Tetsushi , Hirata Tetsuya , Akiyama Ikumi , Matsumoto Yoko , Oda Katsutoshi , Fujii Tomoyuki , Osuga Yutaka 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLaparoscopic port site endometriosis is less common in abdominal wall endometriosis, and malignant transformation of abdominal wall endometriosis is rare. We reported a case of mixed endometrioid and clear cell carcinoma arising from port site endometriosis. The patient was a 49‐year‐old woman with a history of laparoscopic excision of ovarian endometrioma. Physical examination revealed a subcutaneous solid tumor around the laparoscopic surgical scar. Imaging showed a suspicious malignancy. She underwent radical marginal resection of the abdominal wall tumor, flap reconstruction of the abdominal wall, hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy and omental biopsy. Histological examination revealed mixed endometrioid and clear cell carcinoma. Computed tomography scan showed no evidence of recurrence after six cycles of chemotherapy. This is the first case of malignant transformation from laparoscopic trocar site endometriosis.
Immigrant entrepreneurs, diasporas, and exports
Authors: Bratti Massimiliano , De Benedictis Luca , Santoni Gianluca 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper demonstrates the positive effect of immigrant entrepreneurs on manufacturing exports over and above that of diasporas. Using small‐scale regional administrative data, our instrumental variable estimates of export gravity models imply that ceteris paribus, that is, holding constant the total number of immigrants, the expected protrade effect of a migrant becoming an entrepreneur amounts to an average increase of US$5,946 in the export flows toward her country of origin. Besides these dyadic effects, immigrant entrepreneurs unlike nonentrepreneurial immigrants raise a region's overall competitiveness and export flows toward other destinations as well.
The relationship between neighborhood design and social capital as measured by carpooling
Authors: Alrasheed Dhari S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper examines whether social capital in a neighborhood is influenced by its design, taking the cul‐de‐sac as a special case. It offers two contributions: using carpooling to school as a proxy for social capital and a precise definition of the neighborhood using geo‐coded survey data from California. Living in a cul‐de‐sac neighborhood is found to increase the probability of carpooling, but the effect loses statistical significance when residential self‐selection is accounted for. The analysis reveals competing insights about the self‐selection behavior that must be resolved before neighborhood design can be considered an effective policy tool for enhancing social capital.
PETROLEUM GEOLOGY OF THE NOGAL BASIN AND SURROUNDING AREA, NORTHERN SOMALIA, PART 2: HYDROCARBON POTENTIAL
Authors: Ali M. Y. , Lee J. H. 
Published: June 2019

Seismic reflection profiles and well data show that the Nogal Basin, northern Somalia, has a structure and stratigraphy suitable for the generation and trapping of hydrocarbons. However, the data suggest that the Upper Jurassic Bihendula Group, which is the main source rock elsewhere in northern Somalia, is largely absent from the basin or is present only in the western part. The high geothermal gradient (∼35–49 °C/km) and rapid increase of vitrinite reflectance with depth in the Upper Cretaceous succession indicate that the Gumburo Formation shales may locally have reached oil window maturity close to plutonic bodies. The Gumburo and Jesomma Formations include high quality reservoir sandstones and are sealed by transgressive mudstones and carbonates.ID petroleum systems modelling was performed at wells Nogal‐1 and Kalis‐1, with 2D modelling along seismic lines CS‐155 and CS‐229 which pass through the wells. Two source rock models (Bihendula and lower Gumburo) were considered at the Nogal‐1 well because the well did not penetrate the sequences below the Gumburo Formation. The two models generated significant hydrocarbon accumulations in tilted fault blocks within the Adigrat and Gumburo Formations. However, the model along the Kalis‐1 well generated only negligible volumes of hydrocarbons, implying that the hydrocarbon potential is higher in the western part of the Nogal Basin than in the east. Potential traps in the basin are rotated fault blocks and roll‐over anticlines which were mainly developed during Oligocene–Miocene rifting.The main exploration risks in the basin are the lack of the Upper Jurassic source and reservoirs rocks, and the uncertain maturity of the Upper Cretaceous Gumburo and Jesomma shales. In addition, Oligocene‐Miocene rift‐related deformation has resulted in trap breaching and the reactivation of Late Cretaceous faults.
An open‐ended primary‐care group intervention for insomnia based on a self‐help book – A randomized controlled trial and 4‐year follow‐up
Authors: Kaldo Viktor , Bothelius Kristoffer , Blom Kerstin , Lindhe Maria , Larsson Matilda , Karimi Kobra , Melder Susanne , Bondestam Viveka , Ulfsparre Charlotte , Sternbrink Klara , Jernelöv Susanna 
Published: June 2019

SummaryChronic insomnia is a common and burdensome problem for patients seeking primary care. Cognitive behavioural therapy has been shown to be effective for insomnia, also when presented with co‐morbidities, but access to sleep therapists is limited. Group‐treatment and self‐administered treatment via self‐help books have both been shown to be efficacious treatment options, and the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of an open‐ended group intervention based on a self‐help book for insomnia, adapted to fit a primary‐care setting. Forty primary‐care patients with insomnia (mean age 55 years, 80% women) were randomized to the open‐ended group intervention based on a cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia self‐help book or to a care as usual/wait‐list control condition. Results show high attendance to group sessions and high treatment satisfaction. Participants in the control group later received the self‐help book, but without the group intervention. The book‐based group treatment resulted in significantly improved insomnia severity, as well as shorter sleep‐onset latency, less wake time after sleep onset, and less use of sleep medication compared with treatment as usual. The improvements were sustained at a 4‐year follow‐up assessment. A secondary analysis found a significant advantage of the combination of the book and the open‐ended group intervention compared with when the initial control group later used only the self‐help book. An open‐ended treatment group based on a self‐help book for insomnia thus seems to be an effective and feasible intervention for chronic insomnia in primary‐care settings.
Effects of experimentally induced respiratory disease on the pharmacokinetics and tissue residues of tulathromycin in meat goats
Authors: Smith Joe S. , Mochel Jonathan P. , Borts David J. , Griffith Ronald W. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTulathromycin is a macrolide antibiotic commonly used for the treatment of respiratory disease in food animal species including goats. Recent research in pigs has suggested that the presence of disease could alter the pharmacokinetics of tulathromycin in animals with respiratory disease. The objectives of this study were (a) compare the plasma pharmacokinetics of tulathromycin in healthy goats as well as goats with an induced respiratory disease; and (b) to compare the tissue residue concentrations of tulathromycin marker in both groups. For this trial, disease was induced with Pasteurella multocida. Following disease induction, tulathromycin was administered. Samples of plasma were collected at various time points up to 312 hr posttreatment, when study animals were euthanized and tissue samples were collected. For PK parameters in plasma, Vz (control: 28.7 ± 11.9 ml/kg; experimental: 57.8 ± 26.6 ml/kg) was significantly higher (p = 0.0454) in the experimental group than the control group, and nonsignificant differences were noted in other parameters. Among time points significantly lower plasma concentrations were noted in the experimental group at 168 hr (p = 0.023), 216 hr (p = 0.036), 264 hr (p = 0.0017), 288 hr (p = 0.0433), and 312 hr (p = 0.0486). None of the goats had tissue residues above the US bovine limit of 5 µg/g at the end of the study. No differences were observed between muscle, liver, or fat concentrations. A significantly lower concentration (p = 0.0095) was noted in the kidneys of experimental goats when compared to the control group. These results suggest that the effect of respiratory disease on the pharmacokinetics and tissue residues appear minimal after experimental P. multocida infection, however as evidenced by the disparity in Cmax, significant differences in plasma concentrations at terminal time points, as well as the differences in kidney concentrations, there is the potential for alterations in diseased versus clinical animals.
Phytoplankton functional groups: Short‐term variation in a tropical tidal‐forced estuarine system
Authors: de Jesus Affe Helen Michelle , Piedras Fernanda Reinhardt , Santana Lucineide Maria , Moser Gleyci Aparecida Oliveira , Menezes Mariângela , de Castro Nunes José Marcos 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFunctional groups have become an important tool for characterizing communities of marine and estuarine environments. Their use also holds promise for a better understanding of the temporal dynamics of phytoplankton. This study aimed to evaluate the contributions of phytoplankton size fractions and functional groups characterizing short‐term variation throughout tidal cycles and between dry and rainy seasons in a tropical estuarine system. Camamu Bay is an oligotrophic estuarine system that is under strong influence from tropical shelf waters and is characterized by high salinity and low concentrations of dissolved nutrients. Surface‐water samples were collected at nine sampling sites distributed among the three hydrodynamic regions of the bay, and at a mooring, at 3‐hr intervals during tidal cycles (12 hr each) in both the rainy and the dry season. Although the abundances of the phytoplankton fractions (pico‐, nano‐, and micro‐) were higher in the rainy season and during periods of higher tide, they were not significantly higher. The phytoplankton community in the bay comprises three functional groups: GI = “colonial” (i.e., chain‐forming diatoms and filamentous cyanobacteria); GII = “GALD >40” (i.e., pennate and centric diatoms with MDL >40 µm), and GIII = “flagellates” (i.e., species with motility via flagella). Nanoflagellates were the most abundant form in the bay, while chain‐forming diatoms, in particular, contributed to the microphytoplankton fraction during both the rainy and dry seasons. Functional groups, as defined by cluster analysis, reflected ecological strategies compatible with the high hydrodynamics of Camamu Bay, which is characterized by processes of tidal‐forced intense mixing, mainly during periods of spring tides. The phytoplankton of the bay was found to possess a series of attributes (functional traits) that endow them with some resistance to sinking. Functional diversity indexes (FEve, FDiv, and FDis) indicated a stable community without significant short‐term variation due to low variability in the environmental conditions of the system during the study period.
The Gove relict iron meteorite from Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia
Authors: Bevan Alex W. R. , Downes Peter J. , Henry Dermot A. , Verrall Michael , Haines Peter W. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOn February 24, 1979, a deeply oxidized mass of iron meteorite was excavated from bauxite at an open cut mine on the Gove Peninsula, Northern Territory, Australia. The meteorite, measuring 0.75–1 m in diameter and of unknown total weight, was found at coordinates 12°15.8′S, 136°50.3′E. On removal from the ground, the meteorite is reported to have disintegrated rapidly. A preliminary analysis at the mine laboratory reportedly gave 8.5 wt% Ni. A modern analysis of oxidized material gave Ni = 32.9, Co = 3.67 (both mg g−1), Cr = 168, Cu = 195, Ga = 22.5, Ge = <70, As = 4.16, W = 1.35, Ir = 10.5, Pt = 21.2, Au = 0.672 (all μg g−1), Sb = <150, and Re = 844 (both ng g−1). Competent fragments of oxidized material retain a fine to medium Widmanstätten pattern with an apparent average bandwidth of 0.5 mm (range 0.2–0.9 mm in plane section). Primary mineralogy includes rare γ–taenite and daubréelite, and secondary minerals produced by weathering include awaruite (with up to 78.5 wt% Ni) and an, as yet, unnamed Cu‐Cr‐bearing sulfide with the ideal formula CuCrS2 that is hitherto unknown in nature. Deep weathering has masked many of the features of the meteorite; however, the analysis normalized to the analyses of fresh iron meteorites favors chemical group IIIAB. The terrestrial age of the meteorite is unknown, although it is likely to be in the Neogene (2.5–23 Ma), which is widely accepted as the major period of bauxite formation in the Northern Territory of Australia. Gove is the second authenticated relict meteorite found in Australia.
Oak symbolism in the light of genomics
Authors: Leroy Thibault , Plomion Christophe , Kremer Antoine 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThroughout the Northern Hemisphere, human societies, political systems, and religions have appropriated oaks in symbolic representations. In this review, we explore the possible associations between recent genetic and genomic findings and the symbolic representations of oaks. We first consider the ways in which evolutionary history during the Holocene has tightened links between humans and oaks in Europe, and how this may have led to symbolic representations. We then show how recent findings concerning the structure and evolution of the oak genome have provided additional knowledge about symbolic representations, such as longevity, cohesiveness, and robustness.
Farmers' resilience behaviour in the face of water scarcity in the eastern part of Lake Urmia, Iran: an environmental psychological analysis
Authors: Shojaei‐Miandoragh Mahdi , Bijani Masoud , Abbasi Enayat 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to perform an environmental‐psychological analysis of farmers' resilience behaviours towards water scarcity crisis. The study was descriptive‐correlational and causal‐relational and was carried out as a survey. The statistical population was composed of farmers in Aji‐Chay Basin in the eastern part of Lake Urmia (N = 417000), of whom 384 people were selected using stratified random sampling method. The instrument was a questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by a panel of experts. Its reliability was, also, verified using a Cronbach's alpha test and a pilot study (0.60 ≤ α ≤ 0.90). The findings presented the causal framework of farmers' resilience behaviour. The results of the causal analysis further indicated that the three variables of ‘place attachment’, ‘environmental attitudes’ and ‘environmental beliefs’ had the greatest impact on farmers' resilience behaviour towards water scarcity. The paper is concluded with some applied recommendations based on the findings.
Fifteen-minute consultation: How good is this test
Authors: Waterfield Thomas 
Published: June 2019

As technology evolves and cultural attitudes towards diagnosis change, there is an increasing move towards newer, faster and more accurate diagnostic testing. As new tests are developed, clinicians are increasingly required to appraise data from diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) studies.The accuracy of a test is fluid and changes depending on the population, setting, timing and position within the diagnostic pathway. This article attempts to provide a short guide to understanding diagnostic test accuracy and a simple approach to appraising DTA studies.
Addition of a 161-SNP polygenic risk score to family history-based risk prediction: impact on clinical management in non-BRCA1/2breast cancer families
Authors: Lakeman Inge M M , Hilbers Florentine S , Rodríguez-Girondo Mar , Lee Andrew , Vreeswijk Maaike P G , Hollestelle Antoinette , Seynaeve Caroline , Meijers-Heijboer Hanne , Oosterwijk Jan C , Hoogerbrugge Nicoline , Olah Edith , Vasen Hans F A , van Asperen Christi J , Devilee Peter 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundThe currently known breast cancer-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are presently not used to guide clinical management. We explored whether a genetic test that incorporates a SNP-based polygenic risk score (PRS) is clinically meaningful in non-BRCA1/2high-risk breast cancer families.Methods101 non-BRCA1/2high-risk breast cancer families were included; 323 cases and 262 unaffected female relatives were genotyped. The 161-SNP PRS was calculated and standardised to 327 population controls (sPRS). Association analysis was performed using a Cox-type random effect regression model adjusted by family history. Updated individualised breast cancer lifetime risk scores were derived by combining the Breast and Ovarian Analysis of Disease Incidence and Carrier Estimation Algorithm breast cancer lifetime risk with the effect of the sPRS.ResultsThe mean sPRS for cases and their unaffected relatives was 0.70 (SD=0.9) and 0.53 (SD=0.9), respectively. A significant association was found between sPRS and breast cancer, HR=1.16, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.28, p=0.026. Addition of the sPRS to risk prediction based on family history alone changed screening recommendations in 11.5%, 14.7% and 19.8 % of the women according to breast screening guidelines from the USA (National Comprehensive Cancer Network), UK (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence and the Netherlands (Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation), respectively.ConclusionOur results support the application of the PRS in risk prediction and clinical management of women from genetically unexplained breast cancer families.