bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rheology of simulated radioactive waste slurry and cold cap during vitrification
Authors: McCarthy Benjamin P. , George Jaime L. , Dixon Derek R. , Wheeler Michelle , Cutforth Derek A. , Hrma Pavel , Linn Diana , Chun Jaehun , Hujova Miroslava , Kruger Albert A. , Pokorny Richard 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDuring the vitrification of radioactive waste in a Joule‐heated melter, aqueous melter feed slurry forms a cold cap, a reacting and melting material, which floats on the surface of the molten glass. The rheological behavior of the feed affects cold cap formation and shape, and is vital for modeling the feed‐to‐melt conversion process. We used slurry feed simulant and fast‐dried slurry solids representing the cold cap to investigate the rheological behavior of the feed as it transforms into glass. Both low‐temperature and high‐temperature rheometry were performed and a new scheme was applied to estimate the feed viscosity. This study shows that the conversion advances in four sequential stages that form distinct regions in the cold cap: (i) a fast‐spreading boiling slurry from which water evaporates, (ii) a porous solid region (viscosity > 108 Pa s) containing reacting solids and molten salts, (iii) a plastic region in which glass‐forming melt connects the refractory solids (~108 to ~106 Pa s), and (iv) a viscous foam layer in which the viscosity drops from ~105 to ~101 Pa s. The implications for the mathematical modeling of the cold cap are discussed.
Subnational Government and Transnational Networking: The Rationalist Logic of Local Level Europeanization
Authors: Huggins Christopher 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe involvement of subnational actors in EU politics has become an increasingly recognized facet of European integration. However, this highlights an interesting puzzle: subnational authorities in unitary and centralized polities usually lack the formal competence and have limited resources to engage beyond their territorial limits. Why, then, do they engage at the European level? This article addresses this question by exploring their motivations for participation in European transnational networking. These motivations are assessed against a Europeanization framework, exploring whether subnational authorities adopt the ‘logic of consequentialism’ or the ‘logic of appropriateness’ when engaging in transnational networking. The article argues that subnational authorities are rational actors, maximizing the opportunities presented by the EU without subscribing to its normative aims. In a context marked by financial pressures and Brexit, these findings provide a useful foundation for analyzing the on‐going EU–local relationship, and for explaining changes to subnational authorities’ approaches to European engagement.
What difference do brain images make in US criminal trials?
Authors: Hardcastle Valerie Gray , Lamb Edward 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOne of the early concerns regarding the use of neuroscience data in criminal trials is that even if the brain images are ambiguous or inconclusive, they still might influence a jury in virtue of the fact that they appear easy to understand. By appearing visually simple, even though they are really statistically constructed maps with a host of assumptions built into them, a lay jury or a judge might take brain scans to be more reliable or relevant than they actually are. Should courts exclude brain scans for being more prejudicial than probative? Herein, we rehearse a brief history of brain scans admitted into criminal trials in the United States, then describe the results of a recent analysis of appellate court decisions that referenced 1 or more brain scans in the judicial decision. In particular, we aim to explain how courts use neuroscience imaging data: Do they interpret the data correctly? Does it seem that scans play an oversized role in judicial decision‐making? And have they changed how criminal defendants are judged? It is our hope that in answering these questions, clinicians and defence attorneys will be able to make better informed decisions regarding about how to manage those incarcerated.
Efficacy of a shower cream and a lotion with skin‐identical lipids in healthy subjects with atopic dry skin
Authors: Berardesca Enzo , Mortillo Susan , Cameli Norma , Ardigo Marco , Mariano Maria 
Published: May 2018

SummaryBackgroundAtopic dermatitis is a chronic, pruritic inflammatory skin disease that adversely affects quality of life.AimsThe current study evaluates the efficacy of a shower cream and a lotion, each with skin‐identical lipids and emollients, in the treatment of atopic dry skin of subjects with a history of atopic condition.MethodsIn all, 40 healthy females with clinically dry skin on the lower legs were enrolled in the study and underwent 4 weeks of daily use of the shower cream and 2 additional weeks of both the shower cream and the body lotion. Subjects were evaluated at day 0, week 4, and week 6. Skin barrier function was assessed by Tewameter®, skin hydration by Corneometer®, smoothness and desquamation by Visioscan®, and stratum corneum architecture by reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM). The investigator assessed the degree of dryness, roughness, redness, cracks, tingling and itch, and subjective self‐assessment evaluated the perception of skin soothing, smoothness, and softness.ResultsSkin barrier function and skin moisture maintenance were significantly improved using the shower cream. The lotion with physiological lipids, together with the shower cream, also improved skin barrier function and moisture. Both the shower cream and the body lotion reduced clinical dryness, roughness, redness, cracks, tingling and itch, according to the dermatologist, and increased soothing, smoothness, and softness, according to the subjects of the study.ConclusionThe combination of a shower cream and a lotion with physiological lipids efficiently restores skin barrier function and increases skin hydration, becoming an effective skin‐care option for patients with atopic dry skin.
Clinical results after the implementation of cell‐free fetal DNA detection in maternal plasma
Authors: Martínez‐Payo Cristina , Bada‐Bosch Isabel , Martínez‐Moya María , Pérez‐Medina Tirso 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAimDetection of cell‐free fetal DNA in maternal blood is a type of noninvasive prenatal diagnosis test (NIPT), which has already been known for some time but has not yet been introduced in most of public hospitals in Spain. How the implementation of cell‐free fetal DNA (cffDNA) in a contingent protocol has influenced the aneuploidy screening in our hospital is described.MethodsTwo cohorts of patients with positive combined screening were compared: the first one (years 2012–2013, 5747 patients) from a period of time in which the protocol valid until March 2016 – that included the use of invasive procedures – was applied; and the second one in which the current protocol – that included NIPT versus invasive procedures – was applied (first 7 months after protocol implementation, 898 patients).ResultsComparison of both periods resulted in a 60.5% reduction of invasive procedures (P < 0,001) preserving the same chromosomopathy detection rate. The ratio of positive invasive procedures–indicated invasive procedures was improved by 15% in the first period to 50% in the second period (P = 0.01).ConclusionNIPT introduction has caused a significant reduction of 60.5% of IP in high chromosomopathy risk patients after combined screening without modifying detection rate.
Treponema denticola chymotrypsin‐like proteinase is present in early‐stage mobile tongue squamous cell carcinoma and related to the clinicopathological features
Authors: Listyarifah Dyah , Nieminen Mikko T. , Mäkinen Laura K. , Haglund Caj , Grenier Daniel , Häyry Valtteri , Nordström Dan , Hernandez Marcela , Yucel‐Lindberg Tülay , Tervahartiala Taina , Ainola Mari , Sorsa Timo , Hagström Jaana 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundCertain periodontopathogenic bacteria have been linked to cancers. Treponema denticola (Td) is associated with severe periodontitis. Chymotrypsin‐like proteinase (CTLP), a major virulence factor of Td, can degrade various host proteins and peptides, and modulate inflammatory responses. However, the role of Td in the tongue carcinogenesis remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the presence of Td‐CTLP in early‐stage mobile tongue squamous cell carcinoma (MTSCC) and its relation to clinical and pathological characteristics.MethodsThe immunopositivity of Td‐CTLP was assessed in samples obtained from 60 patients with MTSCC and associated with their clinicopathological data. Additionally, Td‐CTLP expression was compared with immunoexpression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP‐8 and MMP‐9), toll‐like receptors (TLR‐2, TLR‐4, TLR‐7 and TLR‐9), c‐Myc, Ki‐67, Bmi‐1 and Snail.ResultsTreponema denticola‐chymotrypsin‐like proteinase was present in 95% of MTSCC tumours of which many (40.4%) showed high immunopositivity. Td‐CTLP positivity was significantly associated with invasion depth, tumour diameter and the expression of TLR‐7, TLR‐9 and c‐Myc. High Td‐CTLP immunopositivity in younger patients (≤ 60 years old) predicted early relapse.ConclusionOur data indicate that Td and its CTLP are present in early‐stage MTSCC carcinoma and may contribute to carcinogenesis, and therefore provide novel perspectives into intervention and therapeutic measures of MTSCC.
Professional sporting events and traffic: Evidence from U.S. cities
Authors: Humphreys Brad R. , Pyun Hyunwoong 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSporting events concentrate people in facilities on game day. No evidence currently exists linking sporting events to traffic conditions. We analyze urban mobility data from 25 metropolitan areas with Major League Baseball (MLB) teams over the period 1990–2014. MLB‐related travel accounts for at most 0.5 percent of annual metropolitan area vehicle‐miles traveled (VMT). Instrumental variable regression results indicate MLB attendance causes an increase of about 5 million VMT, about 28,000 additional annual hours of traffic delay, and over $7 million annually in social costs from CO2 emissions in host cities. MLB games generate congestion externalities.
Evaluation of a paediatric clinical ethics service
Authors: Jansen Melanie A , Schlapbach Luregn J , Irving Helen 
Published: May 2018

AimTo evaluate a paediatric clinical ethics service incorporating both normative and empirical analysis.MethodsSection 1: Review of consensus guidelines to identify emerging standards for clinical ethics services (CES) and evaluation of the service in relation to these. Section 2: Description of service activity data. Section 3: Feedback from clinical staff involved in clinical ethics consultations was collected using a web‐based survey.ResultsFour guideline documents were reviewed, and clear emerging consensus standards were identified. Our service fulfils identified knowledge and skill core competencies and at least partially fulfils all of the identified service‐level standards. Clinicians report that clinical ethics consultation decreases their moral distress.ConclusionsThere is emerging consensus for staff competencies and service‐level standards for CES. The role of CES in staff well‐being needs to be explored. Collaborative, multi‐modal research to develop standards and evaluate CES is needed.
From Prophecy to Practice: Mutual Selection Cycles in the Routinization of Charismatic Authority
Authors: Schoon Eric W. , West A. Joseph 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe examine how culture and structure intersect in mediating competing claims to authority during the routinization of charisma. Using archival data, we trace the mechanisms of routinization in the early Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints during the succession crisis that followed the death of the prophet Joseph Smith in 1844, which resulted in the ascension of a new leader and shaped the institutional development of the religion. Combining in‐depth historical analysis and social network analysis, we identify key processes that led to the ultimate resolution of the crisis. These processes show that the way church members interpreted and enacted prophecies and theological teachings directly affected social networks within the community. In turn, this increased the importance of these particular teachings within the community and in the religious organization in a cycle that shaped the social mechanisms of the crisis resolution. Generalizing our findings, we introduce the concept of mutual selection cycles as a framework for explaining how prophecy and practice interact in institutionalizing charismatic authority.
Assessing the Impact of Religious Registration
Authors: Finke Roger , Mataic Dane R , Fox Jonathan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractReligious groups often rely on a registration process to receive the legal status needed to operate openly. Yet, the registration process has become a recent source of controversy. This research uses case studies, trend data from three global collections, and fixed effects models using 19 waves of data to test for the consequences of introducing registration requirements within a nation. The case studies help us to understand the controversies and to identify how registration requirements have been used to increase restrictions on religions in the past, while the trend data document the increasing use of these requirements for discriminating against religions. Finally, the fixed effects models find that introducing registration requirements within a nation was followed by increased religious restrictions, especially for minority religions.
Chaucer and the future of world literature
Authors: Warren Michelle R. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTranslations of Geoffrey Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales raise timely questions for World Literature and the discipline of Comparative Literature. Chaucer exemplifies tensions at the heart of literary study under globalization: local particularities are highly valued in a global marketplace even as global circulation demands universal appeal. This afterword explores this tension by assessing Chaucer's place in World Literature anthologies alongside references to the World Literature canon in this cluster of essays about The Canterbury Tales. The conclusion proposes Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o's concept of globalectics as a path forward for medieval literature within Comparative Literature.
Illustrating Chaucer in Denmark 1943–1958: Artistry and visual interpretation
Authors: Klitgård Ebbe 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this chapter, five Danish Chaucer publications from the period 1943–1958 are treated, with a special emphasis on the illustrations. First, it is noted that the most significant Danish translation of Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, Børge Johansen's Geoffrey Chaucer: Canterburyfortællingerne I–II from 1958, does not contain illustrations, which is well in line with the fact that both the translation and the preface place Chaucer in a somewhat highbrow literary context. In contrast, the other four translations are richly illustrated, often foregrounding erotic elements in the tales. This is particularly true of Ludmilla Balfour's illustrations accompanying Boisen's prose translation of The Canterbury Tales from 1952 and Erik Christensen's woodcuts in a de luxe edition of three tales, translated by Jørgen Sonne in 1949/1950. I show how the illustrations generally support the interpretation of the tales and even at points enter into a dialog with the content. Thus, my analysis shows how Ib Spang Olsen in 1946 underlines the death motif in his illustrations of Thorbjørnsen's De tre drikkebrødre (), her translation of Chaucer's Pardoner's Tale. Also Poul Christensen, with his simple depiction of The Wife of Bath's life with five husbands, well supports Flemming Bergsøe's elegant poetic translation of Chaucer's probably best known tale.
Nursing students’ experience with fall risk assessment in older adults
Authors: Patton Susan Kane , Henry Leah Jean 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions of nursing students regarding barriers and facilitators to integrating falls risk evaluation and management into practice as well as effective strategies for learning falls prevention. The qualitative research method of thematic analysis was adopted to collect data through semi‐structured interviews with senior nursing students. Open and axial coding was used to analyze the data and those with greatest support generated final categories. Thematic analysis identified five central themes (learning to do a fall risk assessment, addressing health beliefs of older adults, barriers to fall assessment, and overcoming barriers) that describe nursing student perceptions of incorporating fall prevention into practice. Results of this study indicate that an online program enhanced with opportunity for hands‐on practice provides an effective strategy for learning fall prevention that can be incorporated into nursing practice. Further research is needed to understand how to overcome barriers to integrating fall prevention into practice.
Efficacy of needleless transcutaneous electroacupuncture in synchronization with breathing for symptomatic idiopathic gastroparesis: A blinded and controlled acute treatment trial
Authors: Song G. , Sun Y. , Bashashati M. , Quezada A. , Sigaroodi S. , Sarosiek I. , Chen J. D. Z. , McCallum R. W. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundNeedleless transcutaneous electroacupuncture (TEA) improves nausea and myoelectrical activity in diabetic gastroparesis (GP). Synchronized TEA (STEA), which combines synchronized breathing with TEA, is more potent than TEA in enhancing vagal activity in healthy subjects.AimsTo investigate whether STEA improves symptoms, electrogastrogram (EGG) and vagal activity in idiopathic gastroparesis (IGP).MethodsEighteen IGP subjects underwent 2 randomized visits (sham at non‐acupoints or real STEA at acupoints) consisted of a 30‐minute baseline, an Ensure challenge to provoke nausea, followed by 60‐minute treatment with sham or real STEA, and 15‐minute observation period. Severity of nausea, EGG, and vagal activity (based on electrocardiogram and serum Pancreatic Polypeptide, PP) were recorded.ResultsIn sham or STEA, the nausea scores of 2.7 ± 0.5 and 1.9 ± 0.5 at fasting baseline, respectively, increased to 5.9 ± 0.4 and 5.8 ± 0.3 during Ensure test (P < .05, vs baseline), subsequently reduced to 3.4 ± 0.6 with sham or 3.6 ± 0.6 with STEA, respectively (P < .05, vs Ensure period). Experiments with sham and STEA started with similar % of normal waves on EGG (66.4 ± 3.9 and 61.8 ± 3.0, respectively); decreased to 63. 5 ± 4.1 and 58.2 ± 2.8 during the Ensure test. After STEA, there was ~24% increase in % of normal waves, significantly different from the sham (6.0%) (P < .01). In sham or STEA, vagal activity was identical at baseline and after the Ensure. STEA induced a 3‐fold increase in vagal activity compared with sham (P < .01). Ensure increased serum PP levels, and both treatments decreased the PPConclusionsIn IGP, STEA is not superior to Sham in decreasing nausea, but is more effective in improving gastric dysrhythmia.
Cannabinoids and gastrointestinal motility: Pharmacology, clinical effects, and potential therapeutics in humans
Authors: Camilleri M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundCannabinoid agents and cannabis are frequently used for relief of diverse gastrointestinal symptoms.PurposeThe objective of this article is to increase the awareness of gastroenterologists to the effects of cannabinoids on gastrointestinal motility, as gastroenterologists are likely to encounter patients who are taking cannabinoids, or those with dysmotility that may be associated with cannabinoid mechanisms. The non‐selective cannabinoid agonist, dronabinol, retards gastric emptying and inhibits colonic tone and phasic pressure activity. In addition to the well‐recognized manifestations of cannabinoid hyperemesis, cannabinoid mechanisms result in human and animal models of gastrointestinal and colonic dysmotility. Decreased enteric FAAH activity is associated with colonic inertia in slow transit constipation and, conversely, the orphan G protein‐coupled receptor, GPR55, is overexpressed in streptozotocin‐induced gastroparesis, suggesting it is involved in inhibition of antral motility. Experimental therapies in gastrointestinal motility and functional disorders are focused predominantly on pain relief mediated through cannabinoid 2 receptors or inhibition of DAGLα to normalize colonic transit. In summary, cannabinoid mechanisms and pharmacology are relevant to the current and future practice of clinical gastroenterology.
Genetic influences on musical specialization: a twin study on choice of instrument and music genre
Authors: Mosing Miriam A. , Ullén Fredrik 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThough several studies show that genetic factors influence individual differences in musical engagement, aptitude, and achievement, no study to date has investigated whether specialization among musically active individuals in terms of choice of instrument and genre is heritable. Using a large twin cohort, we explored whether individual differences in instrument choice, instrument category, and the type of music individuals engage in can entirely be explained by the environment or are partly due to genetic influences. About 10,000 Swedish twins answered an extensive questionnaire about music‐related traits, including information on the instrument and genre they played. Of those, 1259 same‐sex twin pairs reported to either play an instrument or sing. We calculated the odds ratios (ORs) for concordance in music choices (if both twins played) comparing identical and nonidentical twin pairs, with significant ORs indicating that identical twins are more likely to engage in the same type of music‐related behavior than are nonidentical twins. The results showed that for almost all music‐related variables, the odds were significantly higher for identical twins to play the same musical instrument or music genre, suggesting significant genetic influences on such music specialization. Possible interpretations and implications of the findings are discussed.
An examination of refreshing in between‐category sequences
Authors: Langerock Naomi , Wisniewski David , Brass Marcel , Vergauwe Evie 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe present study focused on refreshing within a working memory (WM) context. Refreshing refers to the mechanism that brings back information into the focus of attention in order to counteract forgetting of memory traces. Despite some research on this topic, the exact nature of refreshing remains unclear. The present study investigated refreshing by means of the cognitive load (CL) effect. This effect is typically observed in complex span tasks, which combine processing and storage demands. It refers to the observation that WM performance depends on the CL of concurrent processing, defined as the proportion of time between list items that is occupied by concurrent processing and therefore not available to refresh memory items. Traditionally, the CL effect has been demonstrated using within‐category memory sequences in which all memory items are drawn from one category (e.g., all words). Here, we show that the CL effect also applies to between‐category memory sequences in which memory items are drawn from different categories (e.g., words, orientations, faces, etc.). The ensemble of the results adds to the domain‐generality of the CL effect. Implications concerning the specific nature of refreshing and future research directions are discussed.