bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Homogeneous Analysis of the Dust Morphology of Transition Disks Observed with ALMA: Investigating Dust Trapping and the Origin of the Cavities
Authors: Pinilla P. , Tazzari M. , Pascucci I. , Youdin A. N. , Garufi A. , Manara C. F. , Testi L. , van der Plas G. , Barenfeld S. A. , Canovas H. , Cox E. G. , Hendler N. P. , Pérez L. M. , van der Marel N. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
We analyze the dust morphology of 29 transition disks (TDs) observed with Atacama Large (sub-)Millimeter Array (ALMA) at (sub-)millimeter emission. We perform the analysis in the visibility plane to characterize the total flux, cavity size, and shape of the ring-like structure. First, we found that the M
dust–M
⋆ relation is much flatter for TDs than the observed trends from samples of class II sources in different star-forming regions. This relation demonstrates that cavities open in high (dust) mass disks, independent of the stellar mass. The flatness of this relation contradicts the idea that TDs are a more evolved set of disks. Two potential reasons (not mutually exclusive) may explain this flat relation: the emission is optically thick or/and millimeter-sized particles are trapped in a pressure bump. Second, we discuss our results of the cavity size and ring width in the context of different physical processes for cavity formation. Photoevaporation is an unlikely leading mechanism for the origin of the cavity of any of the targets in the sample. Embedded giant planets or dead zones remain as potential explanations. Although both models predict correlations between the cavity size and the ring shape for different stellar and disk properties, we demonstrate that with the current resolution of the observations, it is difficult to obtain these correlations. Future observations with higher angular resolution observations of TDs with ALMA will help discern between different potential origins of cavities in TDs.
The Profile of the Galactic Halo from Pan-STARRS1 3π RR Lyrae
Authors: Hernitschek Nina , Cohen Judith G. , Rix Hans-Walter , Sesar Branimir , Martin Nicolas F. , Magnier Eugene , Wainscoat Richard , Kaiser Nick , Tonry John L. , Kudritzki Rolf-Peter , Hodapp Klaus , Chambers Ken , Flewelling Heather , Burgett William 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
We characterize the spatial density of the Pan-STARRS1 (PS1) sample of Rrab stars to study the properties of the old Galactic stellar halo. This sample, containing 44,403 sources, spans galactocentric radii of 0.55 kpc ≤ R
gc ≤ 141 kpc with a distance precision of 3% and thus is able to trace the halo out to larger distances than most previous studies. After excising stars that are attributed to dense regions such as stellar streams, the Galactic disk and bulge, and halo globular clusters, the sample contains ∼11,000 sources within 20 kpc ≤ R
gc ≤ 131 kpc. We then apply forward modeling using Galactic halo profile models with a sample selection function. Specifically, we use ellipsoidal stellar density models ρ(l, b, R
gc) with a constant and a radius-dependent halo flattening q(R
gc). Assuming constant flattening q, the distribution of the sources is reasonably well fit by a single power law with

n
=

4.40

−
0.04

+
0.05

and

q
=

0.918

−
0.014

+
0.016

and comparably well fit by an Einasto profile with

n
=

9.53

−
0.28

+
0.27

, an effective radius r
eff = 1.07 ± 0.10 kpc, and a halo flattening of q = 0.923 ± 0.007. If we allow for a radius-dependent flattening q(R
gc), we find evidence for a distinct flattening of q ∼ 0.8 of the inner halo at ∼25 kpc. Additionally, we find that the south Galactic hemisphere is more flattened than the north Galactic hemisphere. The results of our work are largely consistent with many earlier results (e.g., Watkins et al.; Iorio et al.). We find that the stellar halo, as traced in RR Lyrae stars, exhibits a substantial number of further significant over- and underdensities, even after masking all known overdensities.
Disk-like Chemistry of the Triangulum-Andromeda Overdensity as Seen by APOGEE
Authors: Hayes Christian R. , Majewski Steven R. , Hasselquist Sten , Beaton Rachael L. , Cunha Katia , Smith Verne V. , Price-Whelan Adrian M. , Anguiano Borja , Beers Timothy C. , Carrera Ricardo , Fernández-Trincado J. G. , Frinchaboy Peter M. , García-Hernández D. A. , Lane Richard R. , Nidever David L. , Nitschelm Christian , Roman-Lopes Alexandre , Zamora Olga 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The nature of the Triangulum-Andromeda (TriAnd) system has been debated since the discovery of this distant, low-latitude Milky Way (MW) overdensity more than a decade ago. Explanations for its origin are either as a halo substructure from the disruption of a dwarf galaxy, or a distant extension of the Galactic disk. We test these hypotheses using the chemical abundances of a dozen TriAnd members from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey-IV’s (SDSS-IV’s) 14th Data Release (DR14) of Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) data to compare to APOGEE abundances of stars with similar metallicity from both the Sagittarius (Sgr) dSph and the outer MW disk. We find that TriAnd stars are chemically distinct from Sgr across a variety of elements, (C+N), Mg, K, Ca, Mn, and Ni, with a separation in [X/Fe] of about 0.1 to 0.4 dex depending on the element. Instead, the TriAnd stars, with a median metallicity of about −0.8, exhibit chemical abundance ratios similar to those of the lowest metallicity ([Fe/H] ∼ −0.7) stars in the outer Galactic disk, and are consistent with expectations of extrapolated chemical gradients in the outer disk of the MW. These results suggest that TriAnd is associated with the MW disk, and, therefore, that the disk extends to this overdensity—i.e., past a Galactocentric radius of 24 kpc—albeit vertically perturbed about 7 kpc below the nominal disk midplane in this region of the Galaxy.
Phylogeny Based Biodiversity Data Queries
Authors: Chamberlain Scott 
Published: May 2018

There is a large amount of publicly available biodiversity data from many different data sources. When doing research, one ideally interacts with biodiversity data programmatically so their work is reproducible. The entry point to biodiversity data records is largely through taxonomic names, or common names in some cases (e.g., birds). However, many researchers have a phylogeny focused project, meaning taxonomic names are not the ideal interface to biodiversity data. Ideally, it would be simple to programmatically go from a phylogeny to biodiversity records through a phylogeny based query.
I'll discuss a new project `phylodiv` (https://github.com/ropensci/phylodiv/) that attempts to facilitate phylogeny based biodiversity data collection (see Fig. 1). The project takes the form of an R software package. The idea is to make the user interface take essentially two inputs: a phylogeny and a phylogeny based question. Behind the scenes we'll do many things, including gathering taxonomic names and hierarchies for the taxa in the phylogeny, send queries to GBIF (or other data sources), and map the results. The user will of course have control over the behind the scenes parts, but I imagine the majority use case will be to input a phylogeny and a question and expect an answer back.
We already have R tools to do nearly all parts of the work-flow shown above: there's a large number of phylogeny tools, `taxize`/`taxizedb` can handle taxonomic name collection, while `rgbif` can handle interaction with GBIF, and there's many mapping options in R. There are a few areas that need work still however.
First, there's not yet a clear way to do a phylogeny based query. Ideally a user will be able to express a simple query like "taxon A vs. its sister group". That's simple to imagine, but to implement that in software is another thing.
Second, users ideally would like answers back - in this case a map of occurrences - relatively quickly to be able to iterate on their research work-flow. The most likely solution to this will be to use GBIF's map tile service to visualize binned occurrence data, but we'll need to explore this in detail to make sure it works.
Parasitism in Eukaryota - Reconstruction of Ancestral and Unavailable Extant States
Authors: Buntrock Lydia , Renard Bernhard , Heitlinger Emanuel 
Published: May 2018

Parasitism can be defined as an interaction between species in which one of the interaction partners, the parasite, lives in or on the other, the host. The parasite draws food from its host and harms it in the process. According to some estimates, over 40% of all eukaryotes are parasites. Nevertheless, it is difficult to obtain information about a particular taxon is a parasite computationally making it difficult to query large sets of taxa.
Here we test to what extend it is possible to use the Open Tree of Life (OTL), a synthesis of phylogenetic trees on a backbone taxonomy (resulting in unresolved nodes), to expand available information via phylogenetic trait prediction. We use the Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI) database to categorise 25,992 and 34,879 species as parasites and free-living, respectively, and predict states for over ~2.3 million (97.34%) leaf nodes without state information.
We estimate the accuracy of our maximum parsimony based predictions using cross-validation and simulation at roughly 60-80% overall, but strongly varying between clades. The cross-validation resulted in an accuracy of 98.17% which is explained by the fact that the data are not uniformly distributed. We describe this variation across taxa as associated with available state and topology information. We compare our results with several smaller scale studies, which used manual expert curation and conclude that computationally inferred state changes largely agree in number and placement with those. In clades in which available state information is biased (mostly towards parasites, e.g. in Nematodes) phylogenetic prediction is bound to provide results contradicting conventional wisdom.
This represents, to our knowledge, the first comprehensive computational reconstruction of the emergence of parasitism in eukaryotes. We argue that such an approach is necessary to allow further incorporation of parasitism as an important trait in species interaction databases and in individual studies on eukaryotes, e.g. in the microbiome.
Identifiers as Mechanisms for Linking Archaeological Data across Repositories
Authors: Brenskelle Laura , LeFebvre Michelle , Guralnick Rob , Emery Kitty , Wieczorek John , Kansa Sarah , Kansa Eric 
Published: May 2018

Zooarchaeological specimens are the remains of animals, including vertebrate and invertebrate taxa, recovered from, or in association with, archaeological contexts of deposition or surrounding landscapes. The physical scope of zooarchaeological specimens is diverse and includes macro- and micro-zooarchaeological specimens composed of archaeologically preserved bone, shell, exoskeletons, teeth, hair or fur, scales, horns or antlers, as well as geochemical (e.g., isotopes) and biochemical (e.g., ancient DNA) signatures derived from faunal remains. Artifacts and objects created from animal remains, such as bone pins, shell beads, preserved animal hides, are also zooarchaeological specimens. Here we present recent work to utilize identifiers for archaeological samples in new data publishing routines, focusing on key challenges. One critical challenge is that archaeological samples are often composited into different units depending on managers of collections and analysts. Thus, in some cases, when migrating datasets for publication, identifiers can refer to different sets of units, even within the same dataset. Another key challenge is assuring that different repositories can share sample identifiers. We show how Open Context, a site-based archaeology-focused repository that also manages objects such as zooarchaeological material, and VertNet, a specimen-oriented biodiversity repository, have collaborated to share sample identifiers.
While this illustrates a success story of linking data across repositories, we discuss the complexity of how “occurrence identifiers,” but not true sample identifiers, in VertNet are propagated to another system where the identifiers point to a similar record called “Animal Bone” in Open Context.
Options to streamline and enrich biodiversity data aggregation
Authors: Hobern Donald , Hahn Andrea , Robertson Tim 
Published: May 2018

The success of Darwin Core and ABCD Schema as flexible standards for sharing specimen data and species occurrence records has enabled GBIF to aggregate around one billion data records. At the same time, other thematic, national or regional aggregators have developed a wide range of other data indexes and portals, many of which enrich the data by interpreting and normalising elements not currently handled by GBIF or by linking other data from geospatial layers, trait databases, etc. Unfortunately, although each of these aggregators has specific strengths and supports particular audiences, this diversification produces many weaknesses and deficiencies for data publishers and for data users, including: incomplete and inconsistent inclusion of relevant datasets; proliferation of record identifiers; inconsistent and bespoke workflows to interpret and standardise data; absence of any shared basis for linked open data and annotations; divergent data formats and APIs; lack of clarity around provenance and impact; etc.
The time is ripe for the global community to review these processes. From a technical standpoint, it would be feasible to develop a shared, integrated pipeline which harvested, validated and normalised all relevant biodiversity data records on behalf of all stakeholders. Such a system could build on TDWG expertise to standardise data checks and all stages in data transformation. It could incorporate a modular structure that allowed thematic, national or regional networks to generate additional data elements appropriate to the needs of their users, but for all of these elements to remain part of a single record with a single identifier, facilitating a much more rigorous approach to linked open data. Most of the other issues we currently face around fitness-for-use, predictability and repeatability, transparency and provenance could be supported much more readily under such a model.
The key challenges that would need to be overcome would be around social factors, particularly to deliver a flexible and appropriate governance model and to allow research networks, national agencies, etc. to embed modular components within a shared workflow. Given the urgent need to improve data management to support Essential Biodiversity Variables and to deliver an effective global virtual natural history collection, we should review these challenges and seek to establish a data management and aggregation architecture that will support us for the coming decades.
Four new endemic genera of Rubiaceae (Pavetteae) from Madagascar represent multiple radiations into drylands
Authors: De Block Petra , Rakotonasolo Franck , Ntore Salvator , G. Razafimandimbison Sylvain , Janssens Steven 
Published: May 2018

The taxonomic positions and phylogenetic relationships of six Pavetteae species endemic to Madagascar were tested with a phylogenetic study of the Afro-Madagascan representatives of the tribe Pavetteae based on sequence data from six markersrps16,trnT-F,petD,accD-psa1,PIand ITS. The six species were resolved into four well-supported and morphologically distinct clades which we here formally recognise at generic level. The new genera are the monospecificExallospermaandPseudocoptosperma, each with a single species, andHelictospermaandTulearia, each with two species. Each genus is characterised by one or more autapomorphies or by a unique combination of plesiomorphic characters. Mostly, the distinguishing characters are found in fruit and seed;Exallospermadiffers from all other Pavetteae genera by the fruit consisting of two stony pyrenes, each with a single laterally flattened seed with irregularly distributed ridges on the surface;Helictospermais unique by its single spherical seed rolled-in on itself in the shape of a giant pill-millipede.Pseudocoptospermais characterised by the combination of three ovules pendulous from a small placenta and triangular stipules with a strongly developed awn, whereasTuleariais characterised by robust sericeous flowers, small leaves, uni- or pauciflorous inflorescences and fruits with two pyrenes, each with a single ruminate seed.The four new genera show marked adaptations to the dry habitats in which they grow. They represent multiple radiations into drylands and highlight the importance of the dry forest and scrub vegetation in western, southern and northern Madagascar for plant biodiversity. The description of the four new genera shows that the tribe Pavetteae exhibits the same pattern as many plant groups in Madagascar, which are characterised by a high proportion of endemic genera comprising a single or a few species.In the four new genera, five new species are described and one new combination is made:ExallospermalongifloraDe Block;Helictospermamalacophylla(Drake) De Block,HelictospermapoissonianaDe Block,PseudocoptospermamenabenseCapuron ex De Block;TuleariacapsaintemariensisDe Block andTuleariasplendidaDe Block.
Fatores de risco para retinopatia da prematuridade: revisão integrativa
Authors: Souza Francisco Alysson Costa , Araújo Jéssica Naiara de Medeiros , Soares Raffaela Patricia da Silva , Santos Marina Marisa Palhano dos , Ferreira Júnior Marcos Antonio , Vitor Allyne Fortes 
Published: May 2018

Sumarizar os fatores de risco para a retinopatia da prematuridade em recém-nascidos internados em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal a partir de estudos primários publicados em bases de dados. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa realizada nas seguintes bases: SCOPUS, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science e CINAHL. A amostra final foi constituída por 26 artigos. Elencou-se categorias temáticas com os fatores de risco da retinopatia da prematuridade, a saber: fatores relacionados à terapêutica clínica, ao uso de medicamentos, comorbidades relacionadas à retinopatia da prematuridade, características neonatais, características clínicas associadas à retinopatia da prematuridadee fatores maternos. Conhecer os fatores de risco implica na detecção precoce da retinopatia mediante adoção de medidas preventivas como monitoramento da oxigenoterapia, ventilação mecânica e transfusões sanguíneas, além da avaliação das características neonatais, de maneira a permitir uma triagem oftalmológica que impeça o desenvolvimento da doença,suas sequelas e/ou viabilize tratamento na fase inicial da doença.
Het verontschuldigingsritueel en herstelrecht
Authors: Vanfraechem Inge , Bolívar Daniela , Aertsen Ivo 
Published: May 2018

The apology ritual and restorative justice. The victim perspective
Empirical research on restorative justice shows that offenders can apologise to victims. Because of the ritual component of restorative justice and the possible influence on the justice system, certain questions arise: how do victims perceive these apologies? Is it important for victims that these apologies are sincere? The aim of the article is to discuss these questions through three topics, namely the physical aspect of the ritual, the symbolic meaning for victims and the relation between the offender’s apologies and the victim’s reaction.
Jonge daders: worstelen met sorry-zeggen
Authors: van Stokkom Bas 
Published: May 2018

Young offenders struggling to say sorry. Is a sincere expression of remorse achievable?
The apologies offered by young offenders in restorative justice conferences are often of poor quality. In this article the difficulties that accompany the offering of excuses are discussed. Offenders sometimes lack the language skills to pronounce an adequate apology, are anxious or insecure or believe that they have not been treated fairly. The mediation setting itself also has effects: sometimes perpetrators feel intimidated and feel compelled to say something that resembles an excuse. A related problem is that the perceptions about the sincerity of the apology can vary considerably. This perception-mismatch also occurs among victims: what one victim considers sincere is ‘fake’ for another. Many people– also advocates of restorative justice – trust that the offender will offer a sincere apology, without realizing that this is not self-evident in a thorny confrontation setting. This article aims to temper this sincerity-expectation.
Special Wrestling Fitness Test: una prueba específica de lucha olímpica aplicada a luchadores jóvenes
Authors: Martínez-Abellán A. , Rabadán Iniesta J. de C. 
Published: May 2018

<p>El objetivo de este estudio fue llevar a cabo un test específico de lucha olímpica para evaluar la condición física de los deportistas y compararlas con test de rendimiento físico en laboratorio. Para ello se realizó una adaptación de Special Judo Fitness Test (SJFT), desarrollando un nuevo ejercicio especifico de lucha olímpica denominado Special Wrestling Fitness Test (SWFT). Para diagnosticar la capacidad anaeróbica de los sujetos utilizamos la prueba de Wingate de 30” de tren inferior, mientras que la capacidad aeróbica se evalúo con el Yo-Yo test. Por último se realizó la prueba de SWFT con el propósito de evaluar la capacidad física de los luchadores. Este estudio se llevo a cabo con 62 deportistas del equipo nacional español de lucha olímpica en las categorías inferiores de junior y cadete.</p><p> La lucha olímpica tiene presenta elevados requerimientos de resistencia anaeróbica, registrándose valores de potencia media para esta muestra de 510,1 ± 134,2 W y llegando a valores máximos de 705,8 ± 166,9 W. Durante la prueba aeróbica recorrieron una distancia media de 911,6 ± 355,7 m y alcanzando un VO2máx estimado de 44,0 ± 2,9 ml/kg/min. En el caso de la prueba específica de lucha olímpica, relacionada tanto con parámetros de capacidad anaeróbica como con capacidad aeróbica, los deportistas consiguieron un índice SWFT de 16,37 ± 1,31. Se registraron igualmente elevados niveles de correlación entre los resultados del test específico SWFT y el rendimiento anaeróbico (r = -0,396; p = &lt;0,01) y aeróbico (r = 0,470; p = &lt;0,01). Estos resultados indican que este nuevo test podría ser utilizado para medir de forma más específica y válida la capacidad física de los luchadores, evitando tener que recurrir a pruebas de laboratorio cuyos gestos y demandas energéticas se alejan de la especificidad de la lucha olímpica.</p>
Adaptación de los métodos de entrenamiento a las particularidades de la natación
Authors: Morán-Navarro R. 
Published: May 2018

<p>La natación tiene unas circunstancias especiales a la hora de entrenar y monitorizar la actividad física que se lleva a cabo. Esto ha hecho que a lo largo del tiempo hayan surgido investigaciones y recursos que nos permitan controlar el proceso de entrenamiento de manera efectiva con alternativas a las variables clásicas. Además, el comportamiento fisiológico en el medio acuático varía respecto al ejercicio físico fuera de él, lo que también hace que sean necesarias algunas adaptaciones metodológicas. Actualmente la natación es un deporte creciente por su gran importancia dentro del triatlón, y las nuevas tecnologías también han logrado ofrecernos nuevas vías para el entendimiento y control del proceso formativo y de entrenamiento. El correcto manejo de las variables que determinan la carga de entrenamiento es la clave para conseguir las adaptaciones que nos aporten una mejora o nos ayude a contrarrestar los factores limitantes del rendimiento. Este trabajo muestra las principales modificaciones que requiere la programación del volumen, intensidad y densidad del entrenamiento en el medio acuático </p>