bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns and temporal precedence of symptom change during cognitive processing therapy for military sexual trauma-related posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Holder Nicholas , Holliday Ryan , Wiblin Jessica , Surís Alina 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackground:Cognitive processing therapy (CPT) is an effective treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), including for veterans with military sexual trauma (MST)-related PTSD. Most CPT research to date has focused on pre- to post-treatment change in total PTSD symptoms; however, PTSD symptom criteria may not change equivalently over the course of treatment. For example, changes in re-experiencing symptoms have been shown to precede changes in other PTSD criteria during other PTSD treatments (i.e. virtual reality exposure therapy, venlafaxine ER). An improved understanding of the mechanism of change in PTSD symptoms during CPT may assist in optimizing treatment.Aims:The purpose of this study was to identify the pattern and temporal precedence of change in PTSD symptom criteria during and after CPT using cross-lagged panel analyses.Method:Data from veterans (n = 32) enrolled in a randomized clinical trial investigating the effectiveness of CPT for MST-related PTSD were utilized for this secondary analysis. Using hierarchical linear modelling, each symptom criterion was entered as a predictor of subsequent change in the other PTSD symptom criteria.Results:All symptom criteria followed a logarithmic pattern of change. Hyperarousal symptoms were found to both predict and temporally precede change in avoidance symptoms, but not re-experiencing symptoms. Re-experiencing and avoidance symptoms did not predict change in other PTSD symptom criteria.Conclusions:These findings provide initial support that targeting and reducing hyperarousal symptoms may be a key component of PTSD intervention with CPT. Additional research is needed to identify factors that predict change in PTSD-related re-experiencing symptoms.
Food consumption and related messages in animated comic series addressed to children and adolescents
Authors: Tzoutzou Milia , Bathrellou Eirini , Matalas Antonia-Leda 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo analyse the food content in animated comic series addressed to young audiences both in terms of the kinds of foods presented and the cues accompanying them.DesignOne hundred episodes of ten animated cartoon series with high television audience viewing (based on Average Minute Rating %) were reviewed and food items were classified into ten categories. In each episode, food cues (i.e. every mention of food, visual, oral or referring to foods consumed) was noted down and characterized as positive, negative or neutral. The rate of overall consumption and the food categories shown to be consumed were also recorded.SettingGreece.ResultsIn ninety-four episodes one or more food cues were recorded; the total number of cues was 361, of which 209 referred to cues where food was shown or discussed and 152 referred to food items consumed. Out of the positive cues measured, almost half referred to sweets and snacks (sixty-one out of 125). Nevertheless, the majority of cues were of neutral character (n 213). Snacks, sweets and soft drinks were seen to be consumed in more episodes compared with other food categories. Moreover, in episodes where a higher frequency of food consumption was recorded, then consumption of sweets, snacks and soft drinks was significantly higher, with consumption of soft drinks often occurring in conjunction with that of snacks.ConclusionsFood cues are present in children’s series, with an emphasis on sweets and snacks, which are projected in an attractive way, whether depicted, discussed or consumed, between cartoon characters.
Nutrition transition profiles and obesity burden in Argentina
Authors: Tumas Natalia , Rodríguez Junyent Constanza , Aballay Laura Rosana , Scruzzi Graciela Fabiana , Pou Sonia Alejandra 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to identify nutrition transition (NT) profiles in Argentina (2005–2013) and assess their association with obesity in the adult population.DesignA large cross-sectional study was performed considering data sets of nationally representative surveys. A multiple correspondence analysis coupled with hierarchical clustering was conducted to detect geographical clusters of association among sociodemographic and NT indicators. Multilevel logistic regression models were used to assess the effect of NT profile (proxy variable of contextual order) on obesity occurrence.SettingFirst, we used geographically aggregated data about the adult and child populations in Argentina. Second, we defined the population of adults who participated in the National Survey of Chronic Disease Risk Factors (2013) as the study population.ParticipantsTwenty-four geographical units that make up the territory of Argentina and 32 365 individuals over 18 years old living in towns of at least 5000 people.ResultsThree NT profiles were identified: ‘Socionutritional lag’ (characterized by undernutrition and socio-economically disadvantaged conditions; profile 1); ‘Double burden of malnutrition’ (undernutrition and overweight in highly urbanized scenarios; profile 2); and ‘Incipient socionutritional improvement’ (low prevalence of malnutrition and more favourable poverty indicator values; profile 3). Profiles 1 and 2 were significantly associated (OR; 95 % CI) with a higher risk of obesity occurrence in adults (1·17; 1·02, 1·32 and 1·44; 1·26, 1·64, respectively) compared with profile 3.ConclusionsArgentina is facing different NT processes, where sociodemographic factors play a major role in shaping diverse NT profiles. Most of the identified profiles were linked to obesity burden in adults.
Androgenic and estrogenic indices in human newborns and infants: the MIREC-ID study
Authors: Nguyen T-V. , Monnier P. , Muckle G. , Sathyanarayana S. , Ouellet E. , Velez M. P. , Dodds L. , Arbuckle T. E. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPrenatal sex steroid exposure plays an important role in determining child development. Yet, measurement of prenatal hormonal exposure has been limited by the paucity of newborn/infant data and the invasiveness of fetal hormonal sampling. Here we provide descriptive data from the MIREC-ID study (n=173 girls; 162 boys) on a range of minimally invasive physical indices thought to reflect prenatal exposure to androgens [anogenital distances (AGDs); penile length/width, scrotal/vulvar pigmentation], to estrogens [vaginal maturation index (VMI) – the degree of maturation of vaginal wall cells] or to both androgens/estrogens [2nd-to-4th digit ratio (2D:4D); areolar pigmentation, triceps/sub-scapular skinfold thickness, arm circumference]. VMI was found to be associated with triceps skinfold thickness (β=0.265, P=0.005), suggesting that this marker may be sensitive to estrogen levels produced by adipose tissue in girls. Both estrogenic and androgenic markers (VMI: β=0.338, P=0.031; 2D:4D – right: β=−0.207, P=0.040; left: β=−0.276, P=0.006; AGD-fourchette − β=0.253, P=0.036) were associated with areolar pigmentation in girls, supporting a role for the latter as an index of both androgen and estrogen exposure. We also found AGD-penis (distance from the anus to the penis) to be associated with scrotal pigmentation (β=0.290, P=0.048), as well as right arm circumference (β=0.462, P<0.0001), supporting the notion that these indices may be used together as markers of androgen exposure in boys. In sum, these findings support the use of several physical indices at birth to convey a more comprehensive picture of prenatal exposure to sex hormones.
Seasonal Variations in Crustal Seismicity in San‐in District, Southwest Japan
Authors: Ueda T. , Kato A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA growing body of evidence suggests that seismicity is seasonally modulated in a variety of tectonic environments. Identifying cyclic variations in seismicity improves our understanding of the physics of earthquake triggering. We explored seasonal modulation of crustal seismicity in San‐in district, southwest Japan, using a new method that adopts uncertainties derived from a probability‐based declustering procedure. We determined that semiannual variation in background seismicity rate, which increases in spring and autumn, is statistically significant from 1980 to 2017. The frequency distribution of large historic and modern earthquakes shows a similar pattern to recent background seismicity, suggesting that seismicity in San‐in district has shown seasonal variations for over 150 years. These observations can be explained by increasing pore pressure within fault zones, caused by precipitation in autumn and decreasing surface mass due to snow melting in spring.
A Generalized H‐κ Method With Harmonic Corrections on Ps and Its Crustal Multiples in Receiver Functions
Authors: Li Jiangtao , Song Xiaodong , Wang Pan , Zhu Lupei 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe H‐κ method (Zhu & Kanamori, 2000, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JB900322) has been widely used to estimate the crustal thickness (H) and the ratio of P to S velocities (VP/VS ratio, κ) with receiver functions. However, in regions where the crustal structure is complicated, the method may produce biased results, arising particularly from dipping Moho and/or crustal anisotropy. H‐κ stacking in case of azimuthal or radial anisotropy with flat Moho has been proposed but not for cases with plunging anisotropy and dipping Moho. Here we propose a generalized H‐κ method called H‐κ‐c, which corrects for these effects first before stacking. We consider rather general cases, including plunging anisotropy and dipping interfaces of multiple layers, and use harmonic functions to correct for arrival time variations of Ps and its crustal multiples with back azimuth (θ). Systematic synthetic tests show that the arrival time variations can be well fitted by cosθ and cos2θ functions even for very complex crustal structures. Correcting for the back azimuthal variations significantly enhances H‐κ stacking. We verify the feasibility of the H‐κ‐c method by applying it to 40 permanent stations in various geological setting across the Mainland China. The results show clear improvement after the harmonic corrections, with clearer multiples and stronger stacking energy, as well as more reliable H‐κ values. Large differences in H (up to 5.0 km) and κ (up to 0.09) between the new and traditional methods occur mostly in mountainous regions, where the crustal structure tends to be more complex. We caution in particular about systematic bias when the traditional method is used in the presence of dipping interfaces. The modified method is simple and applicable anywhere in the world.
Long‐Term Variability of Aerosol Optical Depth in the Tatra Mountain Region of Central Europe
Authors: Markowicz K. M. , Zawadzka O. , Posyniak M. , Uscka‐Kowalkowska J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis paper presents the results of long‐term observations (1964–2010) of direct solar flux at two stations in the Tatra Mountains in Poland (Central Europe). The measurements obtained from a Linke‐Feussner actinometers are used to estimate broadband (0.29–2.9 μm) and wideband (0.53–0.63 μm) aerosol optical depth (BAOD and WAOD, respectively). Both BAOD and WAOD at Mount Kasprowy Wierch (1,991 m a.s.l.) and in Zakopane (851 m a.s.l.) show similar annual cycles with peaks during spring and summer. Coincidence of actinometer observation at the top of the Tatra Mountains and in Zakopane valley allows determination of AOD in the column between 851 and 1,991 m a.s.l. Annual variabilities of both BAOD and WAOD for this layer are similar to PM10 concentration measurements in Zakopane. Conversely, BAOD and WAOD obtained at both stations show opposing annual variability, which is consistent with the Aerosol Robotic Network and model results in Central Europe. Long‐term data show significant reduction of both BAOD and WAOD in Zakopane (−0.018 ± 0.003 and −0.023 ± 0.003, respectively, per decade) and lower reductions at Mt. Kasprowy Wierch (−0.005 ± 0.002 and −0.009 ± 0.002, respectively, per decade). Trends for BAOD and WAOD defined between 851 and 1,991 m a.s.l. are the same (−0.013 ± 0.004 per decade), which corresponds to the reduction of WAOD and BAOD by about 60% between 1964 and 2010. Conversely, emission data for the Zakopane region obtained from Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research inventories shows reduction of SO2 by a factor of 3 and of NOx and PM10 by about 40% between 1988 and 2010.
Cumulative Effects of Climatic Factors on Terrestrial Vegetation Growth
Authors: Wen Youyue , Liu Xiaoping , Xin Qinchuan , Wu Jin , Xu Xiaocong , Pei Fengsong , Li Xia , Du Guoming , Cai Yiling , Lin Kui , Yang Jian , Wang Yunpeng 
Published: March 2019

AbstractExtensive studies have focused on instantaneous and time‐lag impacts of climatic factors on vegetation growth; however, the chronical and accumulative indirect impacts of antecedent climatic factors carrying over for a period of time on vegetation growth, defined as cumulative effects, are less investigated. Here we aimed to disentangle the cumulative effects of climatic factors on vegetation growth by using vegetation indexes and accumulated meteorological data. First, we investigated the explanation and fit of climate changes on vegetation variations by applying stepwise multiple linear regression with Akaike information criterion. Then, we obtained the correlation coefficients and lagged time of climatic factors on vegetation growth whereby partial correlation and time‐lag effect analyses. Results showed that (i) consideration of cumulative climate effects increased the explanation and fit of climate changes on vegetation dynamics for more than 77% of vegetated surface with an average global explanation of 68.33%, which was approximately 3.35% higher than the scenario when only time‐lag effects were considered; (ii) big differences exhibited in the correlation coefficients and lagged times under the scenarios with cumulative climate effects considered or not; and (iii) positive accumulated temperature (accumulated solar radiation) effects with zero (three‐month) time lag dominates most mid‐high latitude ecosystems, and negative accumulated temperature effects with three‐month delay dominates the temperate arid and semiarid regions and tropical dry ecosystems. By comparison, accumulated precipitation had relatively complex cumulative effects on vegetation growth. We concluded that climatic factors had significant cumulative effects on vegetation growth; consideration of the cumulative effects helps us better understand the climate‐vegetation interactions.
Redistribution of Soil Organic Carbon Induced by Soil Erosion in the Nine River Basins of China
Authors: Wang Xiaoyuan , Quine Timothy A. , Zhang Haicheng , Tian Guangjin , Yuan Wenping 
Published: March 2019

AbstractGlobal soil erosion redistributes a large amount of soil organic carbon (SOC) and is potential to significantly change the terrestrial carbon budget. However, there are large uncertainties in the redistribution of SOC within the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Based on two national survey data sets on soil erosion and sediment measurements from hydrological stations, this study estimated the redistribution of sediment and SOC in the nine river basins of China during 1995–1996 and 2010–2012. Over these two periods, 3.55–4.50 Pg of soil and 68.42–77.32 Tg C of SOC were eroded each year. For the SOC budget, on average 57% and 47% of the eroded SOC was deposited over land, 25% and 44% was deposited in the channel, and 18% and 8% was delivered into the sea during 1995–1996 and 2010–2012, respectively. Compared with the corresponding magnitudes during 1995–1996, the eroded SOC, the SOC deposited over land, and the SOC discharged into the sea decreased during 2010–2012, and only the SOC deposited into the river channel increased (from 19.5 to 30.1 Tg C yr−1). The changes in SOC deposition in the channel of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River basins demonstrate that the influence of human activities is extensive. Our results show that the erosion‐induced redistribution of SOC alters the carbon budget of China.
Reconstruction of Subduction and Back‐Arc Spreading in the NW Pacific and Aleutian Basin: Clues to Causes of Cretaceous and Eocene Plate Reorganizations
Authors: Vaes Bram , van Hinsbergen Douwe J. J. , Boschman Lydian M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe Eocene (~50–45 Ma) major absolute plate motion change of the Pacific plate forming the Hawaii‐Emperor bend is thought to result from inception of Pacific plate subduction along one of its modern western trenches. Subduction is suggested to have started either spontaneously, or result from subduction of the Izanagi‐Pacific mid‐ocean ridge, or from subduction polarity reversal after collision of the Olyutorsky arc that was built on the Pacific plate with NE Asia. Here we provide a detailed plate‐kinematic reconstruction of back‐arc basins and accreted terranes in the northwest Pacific region, from Japan to the Bering Sea, since the Late Cretaceous. We present a new tectonic reconstruction of the intraoceanic Olyutorsky and Kronotsky arcs, which formed above two adjacent, oppositely dipping subduction zones at ~85 Ma within the north Pacific region, during another Pacific‐wide plate reorganization. We use our reconstruction to explain the formation of the submarine Shirshov and Bowers Ridges and show that if marine magnetic anomalies reported from the Aleutian Basin represent magnetic polarity reversals, its crust most likely formed in an ~85‐ to 60‐Ma back‐arc basin behind the Olyutorsky arc. The Olyutorsky arc was then separated from the Pacific plate by a spreading ridge, so that the ~55‐ to 50‐Ma subduction polarity reversal that followed upon Olyutorsky‐NE Asia collision initiated subduction of a plate that was not the Pacific. Hence, this polarity reversal may not be a straightforward driver of the Eocene Pacific plate motion change, whose causes remain enigmatic.
Influences of Atmospheric Pollution on the Contributions of Major Oxidation Pathways to PM2.5 Nitrate Formation in Beijing
Authors: Wang Yan‐Li , Song Wei , Yang Wen , Sun Xin‐Chao , Tong Yin‐Dong , Wang Xue‐Mei , Liu Cong‐Qiang , Bai Zhi‐Peng , Liu Xue‐Yan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractNitrate (NO3−), which is mainly oxidized from NO2 by the OH radical (OH·) and O3 in the atmosphere, is a major component of inorganic aerosols. However, the contributions of the OH· and O3 pathways to NO3− in urban aerosols and the influence of air pollution to both pathways remain unclear. Oxygen isotopes of NO3− were measured for PM2.5 in Beijing in 2014. The Δ17O‐NO3− values (17.0–32.8‰) were significantly higher in winter (27.2 ± 3.6‰) than in summer (24.2 ± 1.3‰). By estimating contributions of O3 to the NOx cycle, the Δ17O values of NO3− endmembers produced via the NO2 + OH· (P1), NO3· + DMS/HC (P2), and N2O5 hydrolysis (P3) pathways were calculated for each observation. The contributions of the three pathways (P1: 32 ± 10%, P2: 34 ± 10%, and P3: 34 ± 20% annually) were calculated using the Stable Isotope Analysis in R model. We found that NO3− formation was dominated by the O3 oxidation pathways (P2 + P3; 68 ± 23% annually, 73 ± 21% in spring, 59 ± 23% in summer, 75 ± 20% in autumn, and 69 ± 22% in winter). Moreover, PM2.5, NO2, and NO3− pollution decreased the importance of the OH· pathway relative to the O3 pathways for NO3− production. However, O3 pollution increased the importance of the OH· pathway relative to the O3 pathways for NO3− production. These results provided a comprehensive analysis on the oxygen isotope records in particulate NO3− for understanding the relative importance of major oxidation pathways of NO2. Atmospheric pollution substantially influenced the pathways of NO2 oxidation to NO3− in city environments.
Alcohol-responsive genes identified in human iPSC-derived neural cultures
Authors: Jensen Kevin P. , Lieberman Richard , Kranzler Henry R. , Gelernter Joel , Clinton Kaitlin , Covault Jonathan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAlcohol use contributes to numerous diseases and injuries. The nervous system is affected by alcohol in diverse ways, though the molecular mechanisms of these effects are not clearly understood. Using human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), we developed a neural cell culture model to identify the mechanisms of alcohol’s effects. iPSCs were generated from fibroblasts and differentiated into forebrain neural cells cultures that were treated with 50 mM alcohol or sham conditions (same media lacking alcohol) for 7 days. We analyzed gene expression using total RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) for 34 samples derived from 10 subjects and for 10 samples from 5 subjects in an independent experiment that had intermittent exposure to the same dose of alcohol. We also analyzed genetic effects on gene expression and conducted a weighted correlation network analysis. We found that differentiated neural cell cultures have the capacity to recapitulate gene regulatory effects previously observed in specific primary neural tissues and identified 226 genes that were differentially expressed (FDR < 0.1) after alcohol treatment. The effects on expression included decreases inINSIG1andLDLR, two genes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. We also identified a module of 58 co-expressed genes that were uniformly decreased following alcohol exposure. The majority of these effects were supported in independent alcohol exposure experiments. Enrichment analysis linked the alcohol responsive genes to cell cycle, notch signaling, and cholesterol biosynthesis pathways, which are disrupted in several neurological disorders. Our findings suggest that there is convergence between these disorders and the effects of alcohol exposure.
Dynamic molecular changes during the first week of human life follow a robust developmental trajectory
Authors: Lee Amy H. , Shannon Casey P. , Amenyogbe Nelly , Bennike Tue B. , Diray-Arce Joann , Idoko Olubukola T. , Gill Erin E. , Ben-Othman Rym , Pomat William S. , van Haren Simon D. , Cao Kim-Anh Lê , Cox Momoudou , Darboe Alansana , Falsafi Reza , Ferrari Davide , Harbeson Daniel J. , He Daniel , Bing Cai , Hinshaw Samuel J. , Ndure Jorjoh , Njie-Jobe Jainaba , Pettengill Matthew A. , Richmond Peter C. , Ford Rebecca , Saleu Gerard , Masiria Geraldine , Matlam John Paul , Kirarock Wendy , Roberts Elishia , Malek Mehrnoush , Sanchez-Schmitz Guzmán , Singh Amrit , Angelidou Asimenia , Smolen Kinga K. ,   The EPIC Consortium, Vo Diana , Kraft Ken , McEnaney Kerry , Vignolo Sofia , Marchant Arnaud , Brinkman Ryan R. , Ozonoff Al , Hancock Robert E. W. , van den Biggelaar Anita H. J. , Steen Hanno , Tebbutt Scott J. , Kampmann Beate , Levy Ofer , Kollmann Tobias R. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSystems biology can unravel complex biology but has not been extensively applied to human newborns, a group highly vulnerable to a wide range of diseases. We optimized methods to extract transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic, cytokine/chemokine, and single cell immune phenotyping data from <1 ml of blood, a volume readily obtained from newborns. Indexing to baseline and applying innovative integrative computational methods reveals dramatic changes along a remarkably stable developmental trajectory over the first week of life. This is most evident in changes of interferon and complement pathways, as well as neutrophil-associated signaling. Validated across two independent cohorts of newborns from West Africa and Australasia, a robust and common trajectory emerges, suggesting a purposeful rather than random developmental path. Systems biology and innovative data integration can provide fresh insights into the molecular ontogeny of the first week of life, a dynamic developmental phase that is key for health and disease.