bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monolithic column functionalized with quinine derivative for anion‐exchange capillary electrochromatography
Authors: Mao Zhenkun , Qin Xiaoning , Chen Zilin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA novel anion‐exchange organic polymer monolithic column based on monomers N‐benzylquininium chloride and acrylamide were firstly prepared by in situ copolymerization for capillary electrochromatography. Moreover, N‐benzylquininium was firstly introduced as a strong anion‐exchange functional group. A relatively strong anodic EOF was obtained in the pH values from 4.0 to 9.0, which was in the same direction with the electrophoretic mobility of acid compounds. Hence, the anion‐exchange monolithic column was very suitable for the rapid separation of acid compounds. Eight acid compounds (2‐chlorobenzoic acid, mandelic acid, 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid, indole‐3‐acetic acid, 2‐aminoterephthalic acid, 3,5‐pyridinedicarboxylic acid, benzoic acid, and 4‐aminobenzoic acid) were successfully separated on the monolithic column. The highest column efficiency was 4.60 × 105 plates/m (theoretical plates, N) for 3,5‐pyridinedicarboxylic acid. The proposed monolithic column was characterized by SEM and FT‐IR. The RSDs of the acid compounds migration time for run‐to‐run, day‐to‐day, and column‐to‐column were all less than 5.0%.
Recent progress of sample stacking in capillary electrophoresis (2016–2018)
Authors: Šlampová Andrea , Malá Zdena , Gebauer Petr 
Published: August 2018

AbstractElectrophoretic sample stacking comprises a group of capillary electrophoretic techniques where trace analytes from the sample are concentrated into a short zone (stack). This paper is a continuation of our previous reviews on the topic and brings a survey of more than 120 papers published approximately since the second quarter of 2016 till the first quarter of 2018. It is organized according to the particular stacking principles and includes chapters on concentration adjustment (Kohlrausch) stacking, on stacking techniques based on pH changes, on stacking in electrokinetic chromatography and on other stacking techniques. Where available, explicit information is given about the procedure, electrolyte(s) used, detector employed and sensitivity reached. Not reviewed are papers on transient isotachophoresis which are covered by another review in this issue.
Analysis of inorganic cations and amino acids in high salinity samples by capillary electrophoresis and conductivity detection: Implications for in‐situ exploration of ocean worlds
Authors: Ferreira Santos Mauro Sergio , Cordeiro Thiago Gomes , Noell Aaron C. , Garcia Carlos D. , Mora Maria F. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWith growing interest in exploring ocean worlds, such as Europa and Enceladus, there is a fundamental need to develop liquid‐based analytical techniques capable of handling high salinity samples while performing both bulk and trace species measurements. In this context, CE with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (CE–C4D) has tremendous potential. One of its advantages is that this combination allows the detection of a wide number of charged species (both organic and inorganic) without the need of derivatization. Amino acids are an example of organic targets that are powerful biosignatures in the search for life beyond Earth. Simultaneous information on the inorganic cations in a sample helps with assessing the habitability of an extraterrestrial environment, as well as providing sample context for any measurements of trace amino acids. In this work, we present a series of flight‐compatible methods capable of simultaneously measuring inorganic cations and amino acids in samples of varying salinity by CE–C4D. Regardless of the sample total salinity, 5.0 M acetic acid was selected as the optimum BGE. The methods were evaluated by analyzing natural samples of low and high salinity from Hot Creek Gorge, Mono Lake, and Santa Monica beach. Prospects for mission implementation are also discussed.
Experimental Investigation on the Production Behaviors of Methane Hydrate in Sandy Sediments by Different Depressurization Strategies
Authors: Lv Tao , Li Xiaosen , Chen Zhaoyang , Sun Duo , Zhang Yu , Yan Kefeng , Cai Jing 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe depressurization method is one of the most promising methods for the exploitation of hydrate reservoirs and has been conducted in several field tests. In this work, the production behaviors of methane hydrate in sand sediments by different depressurization strategies were comparatively investigated using a cubic hydrate simulator (CHS) with a capacity of 5.832 L. The experimental conditions are based on the hydrate reservoirs parameters of the South China Sea. The results indicate that the hydrate dissociation rate is related to production pressure and heat conduction between the sediments and the surroundings. Some hydrate form again at the beginning of depressurization and the progress of hydrate dissociation during stable depressurization stage is basically along with the P−T curve. The cumulative amounts of gas production are almost the same, affirming it depends on the final depressurization amplitude, and less water produced when a short shut‐in period is conducted before hydrate dissociation. Compared to single‐step depressurization strategy, the multistep depressurization possesses a more well‐distributed gas production, and the sensible heat of sediments contributes less to hydrate dissociation. Despite the production period is longer, its temperature over the whole production process is higher, which has the potential to reduce the secondary hydrate formation and the damage of wellbore and sediments effectively in actual hydrate production.
Illness pathways between eating disorder and post‐traumatic stress disorder symptoms: Understanding comorbidity with network analysis
Authors: Vanzhula Irina A. , Calebs Benjamin , Fewell Laura , Levinson Cheri A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractEating disorders (EDs) and post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are highly comorbid. However, specific mechanisms by which PTSD‐ED comorbidity is maintained are unknown. The current study constructed two PTSD‐ED comorbidity networks (25 EDs and 17 PTSD symptoms) in two samples: a clinical (N = 158 individuals with an ED diagnosis) and a nonclinical sample (N = 300 college students). Glasso networks were constructed to identify (1) pathways between disorders (bridge symptoms) and (2) core symptoms. Three illness pathways emerged: between binge eating and irritability, between desire for a flat stomach and disturbing dreams, and between concentration problems and weight and shape‐related concentration problems. Our findings suggest that pathways between binge eating and irritability, body dissatisfaction and trauma reminders, and concentration difficulties may be the mechanisms by which comorbidity is maintained. Interventions disrupting these pathways and targeting core and bridge symptoms may be more efficient than traditional treatment approaches.
Reserve before transmit (RBT): VLC MAC layer frame structure for 5G indoor internet applications
Authors: Amjad Madiha , Qureshi Hassaan Khaliq , Jangsher Sobia 
Published: August 2018

AbstractFor achieving high bandwidth, fast, and robust communication in 5G, multiple technologies are needed to work under heterogeneous networks. Visible light communication, due to its high bandwidth, low latency, and small interference area, will be a significant part of 5G along with mmwave. In this paper, a new frame structure has been proposed that implements reserve before transmit scheme. In this scheme, the active portion of the frame starts with contention access‐based reservation period (RP) followed by access point response (RES Reply) and TDMA‐based guaranteed time slots for successful nodes. In contrast to fixed slot assignment in TDMA, contention‐based reservation avoids idle slot wastage due to fixed allotment. Moreover, small reserve packets keep medium busy for a short time, the benefit of which is a lower probability of failed channel access. The proposed scheme has been compared with IEEE 802.15.7 for a sufficiently large length of RP. A Markov model of the system has been developed for analyzing the effect of RP length on the network performance. The result depicts that reserve before transmit–based frame structure provides an increase of 170% in reliability and decrease of 80% in channel access delay as compared to existing IEEE 802.15.7 CSMA/CA‐based access.
Moving Health Upstream in Urban Development: Reflections on the Operationalization of a Transdisciplinary Case Study
Authors: Black Daniel , Scally Gabriel , Orme Judy , Hunt Alistair , Pilkington Paul , Lawrence Roderick , Ebi Kristie 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis paper describes the development, conceptualization, and implementation of a transdisciplinary research pilot, the aim of which is to understand how human and planetary health could become a priority for those who control the urban development process. Key challenges include a significant dislocation between academia and the real world, alongside systemic failures in valuation and assessment mechanisms. The National Institutes of Health four‐phase model of transdisciplinary team‐based research is drawn on and adapted to reflect on what has worked well and what has not operationally. Results underscore the need for experienced academics open to new collaborations and ways of working; clarity of leadership without compromising exploration; clarification of the poorly understood “impacts interface” and navigation toward effective real world impact; acknowledgement of the additional time and resource required for transdisciplinary research and “nonacademic” researchers. Having practitioner‐researchers as part of the research leadership team requires rigourous reflective practice and effective management, but it can also ensure breadth in transdisciplinary outlook as well as constant course correction toward real‐world impact. It is important for the research community to understand better the opportunities and limitations provided by knowledge intermediaries in terms of function, specialism, and experience.
Valuation of CCS investment in China's coal‐fired power plants based on a compound real options model
Authors: Wang Xiping , Zhang Hongdou 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA two‐stage compound real options model is proposed to evaluate carbon capture and storage (CCS) investment decision making from the perspective of coal‐fired power plants, considering the phased nature of CCS technology. A newly built coal‐fired power plant is used as a case study for the application of the compound real options model. The results indicate that the compound real options approach has an advantage over both the traditional net present value (NPV) and single‐option method when handling multistage investments. Although the present carbon price level is not high enough to encourage CCS investment, the critical carbon price will decrease when considering the upside potential inherent in the CCS investment. Further analyses indicate that the timing of the second phase of a CCS project and other factors will also affect the critical carbon price and the value of a CCS investment. These findings will be useful for decision making associated with CCS investment, and related policy making in an uncertain environment. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reflecting on the clean energy ministerial (CEM 9)
Authors: Cozier Muriel 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPerhaps carbon capture utilisation and storage (CCUS) has been somewhat sidelined as it was seen as the rather expensive cousin in the “greenhouse gas abatement” family. But during May 2018 at the 9th Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM 9), rather than being a side event, CCUS was at the top table as energy ministers from around the world met to put in place an initiative that would protect the world from the negative impact of rising temperatures. Indeed, the lead up the CEM 9 was a time for a number of major announcements related to CCUS. With the US taking a strong lead, is CCS about to come of age? GHGS&T's Muriel Cozier reports. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
From simultaneous to synergistic MR‐PET brain imaging: A review of hybrid MR‐PET imaging methodologies
Authors: Chen Zhaolin , Jamadar Sharna D. , Li Shenpeng , Sforazzini Francesco , Baran Jakub , Ferris Nicholas , Shah Nadim Jon , Egan Gary F. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSimultaneous Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scanning is a recent major development in biomedical imaging. The full integration of the PET detector ring and electronics within the MR system has been a technologically challenging design to develop but provides capacity for simultaneous imaging and the potential for new diagnostic and research capability. This article reviews state‐of‐the‐art MR‐PET hardware and software, and discusses future developments focusing on neuroimaging methodologies for MR‐PET scanning. We particularly focus on the methodologies that lead to an improved synergy between MRI and PET, including optimal data acquisition, PET attenuation and motion correction, and joint image reconstruction and processing methods based on the underlying complementary and mutual information. We further review the current and potential future applications of simultaneous MR‐PET in both systems neuroscience and clinical neuroimaging research. We demonstrate a simultaneous data acquisition protocol to highlight new applications of MR‐PET neuroimaging research studies.
School starting age and long‐run health in the United States
Authors: Arnold Grace , Depew Briggs 
Published: August 2018

SummarySchool starting age has been shown to have long‐run effects that persist throughout adolescence and into adulthood. Using variation from state‐level school starting age laws in the United States, we find that males who are older when they enter school are more likely to have higher levels of self‐reported health later in life. We are largely able to rule out education and labor market outcomes as significant channels for this finding. Building from the previous studies that have found conflicting evidence on the effect of school starting age on educational attainment and labor market outcomes in the United States, we find that school starting age decreases the likelihood of high school completion among males but has no significant effect for females. We do not find that labor market outcomes are affected by school starting age.
Public hospital reform in Turkey: The “public hospital union” case (2012‐2017)
Authors: Küçük Aziz 
Published: August 2018

SummaryThe issue of public hospital reform in Turkey was raised in the mid‐1980s due to the desire to restrict public expenditures for health care services. In the last 30 years, transformations of public hospitals into health enterprises with administrative and financial autonomy have been attempted in various ways. The process of subjecting public hospitals to reform evolved into the provincial “public hospital unions” model with the Decree Law No. 663 in November 2011. However, this model, which was created to use resources effectively and efficiently in the field of health, was terminated in 2017. The purpose of this study is to review and evaluate the “public hospital union” model of public hospital reform implemented between 2012 and 2017 as an integrated part of reforms in the Turkish health care system and to examine the factors and obstacles that led to the failure of this model. The level of autonomy, in terms of key management functions of unions and hospitals, was analyzed using the toolkit proposed by Chawla et al (1996), and Preker and Harding (2003). In the study, it is asserted that instead of autonomization and decentralization, such organizational reforms result in centralization and political control.
Prevalence, awareness, and treatment of depressive symptoms among the middle‐aged and elderly in China from 2008 to 2015
Authors: Wang Qun , Tian Wenyao 
Published: August 2018

SummaryIntroductionThis study aimed at exploring the temporal trend of prevalence, awareness, and treatment of depressive symptoms among the middle‐aged and elderly in China from 2008 to 2015, as well as depicting how many respondents suffered from persistent depression, whether they were aware of and how they coped with such persistent conditions over time.MethodsThis study used the 2008, 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2015 data of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. We used descriptive statistics for data analysis.ResultsThe prevalence of depressive symptoms among the middle‐aged and elderly in China remained relatively stable at 32% to 37% from 2008 to 2015. Only less than 5% of those with depressive symptoms were aware of their conditions and less than 2% sought care over time. We also observed that persistent depression was very severe among the respondents and most of those with persistent conditions were still not aware of nor seek any care for the symptoms.ConclusionDespite of the continuous efforts done by the Chinese government, depression in China is still in poor management. The Chinese government needs to first understand why and how the continuous government efforts do not turn into actual effects of depression management.
Effect of the treatment‐before‐deposit policy on trust in physicians and perceived service quality among patients in 12 hospitals in China
Authors: Lee Shinduk , Wang Wenxin , Washburn David J. , Shi Hongmei , Yu Yue , Du Yuxian , Zhang Hao , Maddock Jay E. 
Published: August 2018

SummaryThis study examined effects of the treatment‐before‐deposit policy on Chinese patients' trust in physicians and perceived service quality. This study included 3313 patients recruited from 12 hospitals in China. The research team used cross‐sectional survey to examine Chinese patients' experience with the treatment‐before‐deposit policy, perceived service quality, and trust in their physicians. Using mediation analysis, we estimated direct and indirect effects of the treatment‐before‐deposit policy on patients' perceived service quality and trust in their physicians. Patients who benefitted from the treatment‐before‐deposit policy reported greater service quality and higher trust in their physicians. The impacts of whether patients benefitted from the policy on trust in physicians were fully mediated by perceived service quality with statistically significant indirect effect. The results support the hypothesis that the treatment‐before‐deposit policy improves patients' perceived service quality and trust in physicians.
Early childhood development in Iran and its provinces: Inequality versus average
Authors: Rarani Mostafa Amini , Nosratabadi Mehdi , Moeeni Maryam 
Published: August 2018

SummaryBackgroundEarly childhood development is influenced by family socioeconomic status in such a way that socioeconomic deprivation might be accompanied with adverse outcomes in early development of a child. This study aimed to assess early childhood development based on average and also based on the distribution of socioeconomic inequality in Iran and its provinces.MethodsUsing data from provincially representative Multiple Indicator Demographic and Health Survey (2010), we developed a suitable latent class approach to construct a proxy of socioeconomic status. A composite index of early childhood development was used. We assessed inequality in early childhood development using the concentration index method.ResultsAt province level (n = 30), the highest and lowest averages of early childhood development were 13.60 (SD = 2.99) and 5.81 (SD = 3.29), respectively. Concentration indices indicated pro‐rich inequality in early childhood development at national and provincial level. The concentration index of early childhood development was 0.087 (95% CI = 0.085‐0.0098) in Iran. Moreover, the consistent positive values of the concentration indices revealed that early childhood development inequality favored best‐off children in all provinces. However, early childhood development was disproportionally distributed among provinces and rated 0.016 to 0.149.ConclusionsIranian children in more prosperous households reported higher early childhood development compared with those in poor households at national and provincial level. It is vital to consider inequality in addition to average level of childhood development across Iranian provinces to reach a more comprehensive understanding of childhood development for public policy action in the country.
Moderating healthcare costs through an assisted physical activity programme
Authors: Vagnoni Emidia , Biavati Giulia Rita , Felisatti Michele , Pomidori Luca 
Published: August 2018

SummaryBackgroundDuring the last decades, physical inactivity has become increasingly important due to its effects on health; in the medical field, it has been highlighted that physical inactivity is one of the leading cause of death. Moreover, the increasing trend in a sedentary lifestyle has also led to economic concerns; for this reason, the need to develop healthcare programmes to raise awareness of the benefits of physical exercise among the global population has arisen.ObjectiveThis paper analyses the relationship between moderate physical activity, cost of pharmaceuticals and health services utilization with regard to a primary care community programme based on moderate exercise intervention. The study highlights the effect of an exercise programme for people in sheltered accommodation in terms of effects on their quality of life and in terms of economic sustainability.MethodologyA randomized controlled trial of an exercise programme was designed. A total of 150 patients were randomized in two groups. The intervention group was recruited from Centro Esercizio Vita whereas the participants of the control group were recruited from general practitioners.ResultsAt 9 months after randomization, the exercise‐based group presented a lower average cost for drugs (p‐value 0.039), an overall better health status perception (p‐value 0.0019) and accessed general practitioners less frequently (p‐value 0.058).ConclusionsOur study shows that assisted physical activity practiced on the basis of an exercise programme, over a period of nine months, has overall positive consequences in terms of reduction in health expenditure and quality of life.