bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MODELING OF HEAT TRANSFER IN A POROUS TURBINE BEARING COOLING SYSTEM
Authors: Genbach A. A. , Baibekova V. O. 
Published: July 2018

A new porous cooling system in which the coolant supply is produced by the combined action of capillary and gravitational forces is proposed and studied for various technical devices and systems developed by the authors. The cooling surface is made of stainless steel, brass, copper, bronze, nickel, glass and alundum. The wall thickness is (0.05–2.00) ∙ 10⁻³m. Visual observations were carried out by using high-speed camera filming with the use of SCS-1M. Experiments were carried out with water at pressures ranging between 0.01–10.00 MPa, under-heating to 0–20 K, excess liquid of 1–14 of steam flow, thermal load of (1–60) ∙ 104 W/m², temperature pressure of 1–60 K and the system orientation of ±(0–90) degrees. Studies carried out on a model plant has identified two areas of the process of vaporization of the liquid and an influence of operating and design characteristics. The optimal coolant flow and the most effective form of reticulated porous structure are identified. Visual observations have made it possible to describe the physical picture of the processes and to generalize experimental data on the removed heat flows with an accuracy of ±20 % depending on the thermophysical properties of the fluid, wall, temperature difference, excess fluid, porous structures and heat exchange interface.
Towards Determination of Inductive Resistances of Single-Core Cables with Voltage of up to 1 kV Insulated by Cross-Linked Polyethylene
Authors: Radkevich V. N. , Stalovich V. V. , Alekhnovich D. S. 
Published: July 2018

To calculate short-circuit currents, voltage losses and reactive power in electrical networks, information on inductive resistances of cable lines is required. In the technical literature there are no exact parameters of single-core cables with voltage of up to 1 kV insulated by crosslinked polyethylene. This results in inaccuracies in the calculations of modes of electrical networks. The article considers the issues of determining the inductance and inductive resistance of power lines up with voltage of up to 1 kV made of single-core cables and insulated by crosslinked polyethylene. The analysis of formulas for determining the inductance given in different literature sources was fulfilled, that demonstrated a significant difference in the numerical values of the obtained calculation results. The formula that provides more reliable calculations of the inductance of the cable lines was identified. The influence of the permissible increase in the thickness of the insulation and the sheath of a single-core cable with voltage of up to 1 kV covered with cross-linked polyethylene on the inductive resistance was determined. The inductance and inductive resistance of single-core cables were calculated when the cables were arranged along the vertices of an equilateral and right-angle triangle, as well as in one plane. It was shown that the specific inductances and inductive resistances are 1.7–1.8 times greater in the plane with the distance between adjacent cables equal to the outer diameter of the cable than in the location is close to the triangle. When the cross sections of conductive cores are large and installations are multi-ampere, there is a surface effect and proximity effect, due to which the magnetic field intensity inside the core and its inductance decrease. Inductivities and inductive resistances of singlecore cables with voltage up to 1 kV were determined taking into account the influence of the surface effect and the proximity effect. The calculations that we performed have shown that the nonconsideration of the above-mentioned effects leads to significant errors in the determination of inductive resistances. The influence of one-core cables of armor made of steel tapes on inductive resistances is considered. An illustrative example shows that the inductive resistance of an armored cable with a cross-section area of the current-conducting core equal to 800 mm2 is about twice as large as the unarmored one. The use of single-core cables in three-phase electrical networks, armored with steel straps, ought to be prohibited by regulatory documents, since such cables dramatically worsen the efficiency of power supply systems.
THE ORGANIZATION OF INTERLABORATORY COLLATING TESTS IN THE CENTRAL FACTORY LABORATORY OF THE OJSC «BSW – MANAGEMENT COMPANY OF HOLDING «BMC»
Authors: Voronina G. N. 
Published: July 2018

The testing laboratory is obliged to plan and realize the actions guaranteeing quality of the carried-out tests. The main directions of this work are:• participation in programs of check of qualification (interlaboratory collating tests (ICT); • application of standard samples; • retests, encoded tests, check by other test method; • statistical control methods.But at the same time it is necessary to use and analyze all sources allowing to estimate quality of the carried-out tests. Such sources could be responses of consumers of production; tests, the procedures of certification of production which are carried out in independent laboratory when carrying out; the ICT organized by both the consumer, and testing laboratory.
ALUMINIUM BRONZE. NANOSTRUCTURAL PROCESSES OF MELTING AND MOULDING
Authors: Marukovich E. I. , Stetsenko V. Yu. 
Published: July 2018

It is shown that melting and molding of aluminum bronze are difficult physical and chemical processes. In them the major role is played by the centers of crystallization of dendrites of a a-phase, the a-phase nanocrystals dissolved and the adsorbed oxygen and hydrogen. The role of the modifying crystals of an intermetallid of ZrAl3 is reduced to reduction of concentration of the dissolved oxygen and hydrogen and an intensifi ation of process of coagulation of nanocrystals of a a-phase in the centers of crystallization of dendrites of a a-phase.
INFLUENCE OF ALKALINE – EARTH METALS ON ANODIC BEHAVIOR OF ALLOY ССУЗ IN NEUTRAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE ELECTROLYTE NaCl
Authors: Ganiev I. N. , Niyezov O. Kh. , Mulloeva N. M. , Eshov B. B. 
Published: July 2018

The anodic behavior of a lead-antimony alloy (3 wt% Sb) doped with alkaline-earth metals was investigated in potentiostatic method in the potentiodynamic mode at a potential sweep rate of 2 mV/s and it was shown that with an increase in the content of alkaline earth metals in the alloy (SSUZ), the potentials of free Corrosion and pitting are slightly shifted to the positive region. As the concentration of the chloride ion in the electrolyte increases, these potentials decrease. The current density of corrosion and, accordingly, the corrosion rate of alloys with an increase in the content of alkaline earth metals are reduced by 75–85%, and the concentration of chloride ion increases.In transition from alloys with calcium to alloys with strontium, the corrosion rate of alloys increases by 20–30%, and to alloys with barium it decreases by 25–30%.
POWER SCALING IN CONTINUOUS-WAVE YB:YAG MICROCHIP LASER FOR MEASURING APPLICATIONS
Authors: Ivashko A. M. , Kisel V. E. , Kuleshov N. V. 
Published: July 2018

Characteristics optimization of lasers used in different measuring systems is of great interest up to now. Diode-pumped microchip lasers is one of the most perspective ways for development of solid-state light sources with minimal size and weight together with low energy power consumption. Increasing of output power with good beam quality is rather difficult task for such type of lasers due to thermal effects in the gain crystal under high pump power.The investigation results of continuous-wave longitudinally diode-pumped Yb:YAG microchip laser are presented. In the presented laser radiation from multiple pump laser diodes were focused into the separate zone in one gain crystal that provides simultaneous generation of multiple laser beams. The energy and spatial laser beam characteristics were investigated.Influence of neighboring pumped regions on energy and spatial laser beams parameters both for separate and for sum laser output was observed. The dependences of laser output power from distance between neighboring pumped regions and their number were determined. Decreasing of laser output power was demonstrated with corresponding distance shortening between pumped regions and increasing their quantity with simultaneous improvement of laser beam quality.Demonstrated mutual influence of neighboring pumped regions in the longitudinally diode pumped Yb:YAG microchip laser allow as to generate diffraction limited Gaussian beam with 2W of continuous-wave output power that 30 % higher than in case of one pumped zone.
INFLUENCE OF DYNAMIC MAGNETIZATION TO IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY OF ELECTROMAGNETIC-ACOUSTIC TRANSFORMATION WITH WAVEGUIDE CONTROL RODS
Authors: Zlobin D. V. , Volkova L. V. 
Published: July 2018

The disadvantage of the electromagnetic-acoustic (EMA) method receiving ultrasonic waves are low efficiency. The traditional way to enhance its effectiveness is increase the bias field. The aim of the study was research the way to improve the efficiency of the EMA transformation, using a time-varying bias field.The researches held with the help of a specially designed installation that allows the magnetization to be performed by a constant and alternating magnetic field (dynamic bias), synchronously with the passage of the received pulse. The object of the study were rods made of different grades of steel with a diameter of 4–6 mm, in which the symmetrical zero mode S0 of the rod wave was excited by the EMA method (in the frequency range of about 40 kHz). A comparative analysis of the amplitudes and form pulses of multiple reflections during static and dynamic reversal of magnetization and with a full cycle of magnetization reversal conducted.The result of the efficiency measurements EMA reception during static and dynamic bias found a significant (up to 5 times) increase in the signal amplitude on the receiving transducer. Taking into account that the main contribution to the excitation mechanism and the reception mechanism made the magnetostrictive effect on low frecuncy, it can assumed that using a dynamic bias field is impacting significant on the effective mobility of magnetic domains (that is changes the dynamic magnetic susceptibility of the material). It is established that it is possible to monitor steel at lower values of the bias field, and, consequently, to reduce the mass dimensions of the magnetic system.Thus, in the course of the researchers found of effect of dynamic bias and effect of dynamic bias increase acoustic pulse amplitude of the signal of the received EMA method. Using this method will improve the quality EMA testing by creating more efficient EMA transducer. Taking into account that the value of the detected effect depends significantly on the steel grade, we can assume its possible application in the methods of express analysis, estimation of structural and stressed states.
APPLICATION OF THE SPECTROMETRIC METHOD FOR CALCULATING THE DOSE RATE FOR CREATING CALIBRATION HIGHLY SENSITIVE INSTRUMENTS BASED ON SCINTILLATION DETECTION UNITS
Authors: Lukashevich R. V. , Fokov G. A. 
Published: July 2018

Devices based on scintillation detector are highly sensitive to photon radiation and are widely used to measure the environment dose rate. Modernization of the measuring path to minimize the error in measuring the response of the detector to gamma radiation has already reached its technological ceiling and does not give the proper effect. More promising for this purpose are new methods of processing the obtained spectrometric information. The purpose of this work is the development of highly sensitive instruments based on scintillation detection units using a spectrometric method for calculating dose rate.In this paper we consider the spectrometric method of dosimetry of gamma radiation based on the transformation of the measured instrumental spectrum. Using predetermined or measured functions of the detector response to the action of gamma radiation of a given energy and flux density, a certain function of the energy G(E) is determined. Using this function as the core of the integral transformation from the field to dose characteristic, it is possible to obtain the dose value directly from the current instrumentation spectrum. Applying the function G(E) to the energy distribution of the fluence of photon radiation in the environment, the total dose rate can be determined without information on the distribution of radioisotopes in the environment.To determine G(E) by Monte-Carlo method instrumental response function of the scintillator detector to monoenergetic photon radiation sources as well as other characteristics are calculated. Then the whole full-scale energy range is divided into energy ranges for which the function G(E) is calculated using a linear interpolation.Spectrometric method for dose calculation using the function G(E), which allows the use of scintillation detection units for a wide range of dosimetry applications is considered in the article. As well as describes the method of calculating this function by using Monte-Carlo methods and the features of its application. The results of the calculation function G(E) for the detection unit on the basis of NaI(Tl) detector (Ø40 mm, h = 40 mm) to use it as a comparator for kerma rate in the air certification of low intenseе photon radiation fields.
CONSIDERATION OF THE DESTABILIZING FACTORS INFLUENCE FOR INCREASING OF THE MEASUREMENTS ACCURACY OF A RANGEFINDER BASED ON STEREO IMAGES
Authors: Kozlov V. L. 
Published: July 2018

The wide using of digital photography has led to significant progress in the development of the theory and methods of restoring the three-dimensional space picture on base of two-dimensional digital images. To solve the problem of increasing the measurements accuracy of such systems, it is necessary to take into account the influence of a number of destabilizing factors. The aim of this work was development of technique for accounting and compensating of destabilizing factors influence, such as the deviation from the horizontal position line of the stereo pair lens, the non-parallelism of the lenses optical axes, the mutual inclination of the photo detector matrices, and the distortion of the stereo camera optical system for increasing of the measurements accuracy of rangefinder based on the correlation analysis of the stereo image.A software application has been developed for analyzing the optical distortions of serially produced lenses, which allows to visually demonstrate the distortions nature and to determine the polynomial coefficients for compensating of the optical distortion.It is obtained that for the Fujifilm FinePix Real 3D stereo camera the distortion of the digital image reaches ± 20–35 pixels at the edges of the photo detective matrix and is not the same for the first and second lenses. The difference in the optical distortion values is due to the unequal slope of the photo detector matrix to the optical axis of the objective. Compensating polynomials for the optical system distortions of the first and second lenses of the stereo camera are experimentally determined.The range object expression from the stereo images taking into account the optical distortion compensation is obtained. It is shown for increasing of the measurements accuracy, the determining factor is not the absolute value of the lenses distortion, but the difference in the optical distortions of the stereo camera lenses, depending on the difference of the measured object coordinates of the on the photo detective matrices. Experimental studies of the developed technique for distortions compensation showed a decrease of the absolute measurements error more than by an order of magnitude at distances up to 100 m.
SYSTEM OF STABILIZATION OF REACTIVE MAGNETRON SPUTTERING PROCESS
Authors: Burmakou A. P. , Kuleshov V. N. , Stoliarov A. V. 
Published: July 2018

Film coatings today allow to create large number of diverse structures in electronics, microelectronics, optics, architecture and construction. Leading technologies in this area are magnetron deposition technologies. The problem of magnetron deposition methods is insufficient reproducibility of the composition and properties of coatings, caused by the instability of the parameters of a magnetron discharge in the presence of a reactive gas. There are stabilization systems that make it possible to make reproducible films, but all of them have a number of issues. The aim of the work was to develop a system for stabilizing the reactive magnetron sputtering process for film coating technologies that will eliminate the described shortcomings of existing systems.The developed system of stabilization: automatic and cumulative of sensors, actuators, microcomputer with control software, as well as devices providing interaction of sensors and actuators with a microcomputer. The sensors of the system may be vacuum gauges or pressure sensors, discharge current and voltage sensors of sprays, optical sensors for recording spectral element processes, absorption of a plasma of a magnetron discharge. The actuators of the system are gas flowers, as well as valves. Number and type of sensors and actuators from existing technologies and requirements for ongoing processes. The control software allows to flexibly adjust the system (to form control loops, then to assign sensors and actuators in accordance and to choose control algorithms, to set parameters and operating modes of control loops). Thus, the developed system is adaptable to a wide range of process plants and processes.System operability was confirmed by the process of magnetron deposition of a titanium oxide film. The deviation of the level of the sensor signals from the required values during the process did not exceed 3 %, which allows obtaining high-quality coatings.
CORRELATION OF PROPERTIES OF VITA-MEDIUM AND THEIR INTERPRETATIONS IN INTELLIGENT MODEL
Authors: Gulay A. V. , Zaitsev V. M. , Gulay V. A. 
Published: July 2018

It is shown that the maximally full description of vita-medium with “the substantially sensor system” on the basis of expressed syntax properties implies introduction of complex assertions of experts built on elementary estimates. Natural conditions of determinacy and completeness are put on multiple models by corresponding to all sensor components which control vita-medium properties. The trueness of assertions by experts and inadequacy measure of vita-medium properties provision have been considered in the process of sensor control.It is shown that thermodynamics ideas of informational processes can be used for the generalized description of vita-medium during sensor control of its properties. In order to find out thermodynamic regularities of the censor control procedure the series circuit of conversions is considered: object property – controlled parameter – feature distortion – generalized coordinate – information model. During the high precision control the information quantity is determined with the aid of relative precision logarithm, and in case of comparatively rough determination of vita-medium parameters it depends on the square of sensor control relative precision.Reasons and consequences of distorted sensor images have been considered with the use of technical means of outlines of events and vita-medium properties provision. A contradictory, two-value character of impact on the process of control of extra technical means is shown, which are included between the controlled object and “the subjective sensor system”. Probability of provision of successful collection, procession, accumulation and renewal of information on vita-medium parameters with intelligent system means has been analyzed.
A SYNTHESIS METHOD OF BASIC TERNARY BENT-SQUARES BASED ON THE TRIAD SHIFT OPERATOR
Authors: Zhdanov O. N. , Sokolov A. V. 
Published: July 2018

Practical application of advanced algebraic constructions in modern communication systems based on MC-CDMA (Multi Code Code Division Multiple Access) technology and in cryptography necessitates their further research. One of the most commonly used advanced algebraic construction is the binary bent-function having a uniform amplitude spectrum of the Walsh-Hadamard transform and, accordingly, having the maximal distance from the codewords of affine code. In addition to the binary bent-functions researchers are currently focuses on the development of synthesis methods of their many-valued analogues. In particular, one of the most effective methods for the synthesis of many-valued bent-functions is the method based on the Agievich bent-squares. In this paper, we developed a regular synthesis method of the ternary bent-squares on the basis of an arbitrary spectral vector and the regular operator of the triad shift. The classification of spectral vectors of lengths N = 3 and N = 9 is performed. On the basis of spectral classification more precise definition of many-valued bent-sequences is given, taking into account the existence of the phenomenon of many-valued bent-sequences for the length, determined by odd power of base. The paper results are valuable for practical use: the development of new constant amplitude codes for MC-CDMA technology, cryptographic primitives, data compression algorithms, signal structures, algorithms of block and stream encryption, based on advanced principles of many-valued logic. The developed bent-squares design method is also a basis for further theoretical research: development of methods of the permutation of rows and columns of basic bent-squares and their sign coding, synthesis of composite bent-squares. In addition, the data on the spectral classification of vectors give the task of constructing the synthesis methods of bent-functions of lengths N = 32k+1, k Є ℕ.
AN EVALUATION OF PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS MPPT TECHNIQUES UNDER THE CHARACTERISTICS OF OPERATIONAL CONDITIONS
Authors: Elzein I. A. , Petrenko Yu. N. 
Published: July 2018

In this article an extended literature surveying review is launched on a set of comparative studies of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques. Different MPPT methods are addressed with an ultimate aim of how to be maximizing the PV system output power by tracking Pmax in a set of different operational circumstances. In this paper maximum power point tracking, MPPT techniques are reviewed on basis of different parameters related to the design simplicity and/or complexity, implementation, hardware required, and other related aspects.he technology of solar systems has been booming for a while due to its ability to replace current fossil fuels like coal and gas for generation of electricity that produce air, water, and land pollution. In addition it decreased the issue of global warming and climate changes substantially due to being produced in a clean environmental manner and was proved to be an Eco-friendly resource of energy. The photovoltaic systems’ manufacturing process has been improving continuously over the last decade and photovoltaic systems have become an interesting solution. Precisely, PV systems are constituted from arrays of photovoltaic cells, choppers (mainly buck-boost or boost DC/DC converter), MPPT control systems and storage devices and/or grid connections. To improve the efficiency of such systems, various studies have been performed. The demand of PV generation systems seems to be increased for both standalone and grid-connected modes of PV systems. Therefore, an efficient maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique is necessary to initialize the process of tracking the maximum power point MPP at all environmental conditions and then force the PV system to operate at that MPP point.