bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parametric optimization and control toward the design of a smart metal hydride refueling system
Authors: Ogumerem Gerald S. , Pistikopoulos Efstratios N. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we present an extension of the parametric optimization and control (PAROC) framework toward the design of a novel smart metal hydride storage system. Both in silico and laboratory implementation are considered toward a smart prototype system application. In silico PAROC considerations include the development and validation of high‐fidelity model and the derivation of explicit optimal feedback law through the solution of a receding horizon parametric optimization problem formulation. The derived explicit parametric control strategy is validated first in silico then in real time. A laboratory scale metal hydride hydrogen storage system is designed and built as a prototype to replicate the refueling process of a fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) in a hydrogen gas station. Integration of the explicit model predictive control feedback law into the prototype system creates a smart metal hydride storage technology that can be deployed for onboard hydrogen storage in an FCEV. The results obtained from the real‐time implementation of the explicit feedback law demonstrate an effective thermal management of the refueling operation in a metal hydride system.
The gas‐adsorption mechanism of kinetic hydrate inhibitors
Authors: Li Zhi , Liao Kai , Qin Hui‐Bo , Chen Junli , Ren Liangliang , Li Fengguang , Zhang Xianren , Liu Bei , Chen Guangjin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMolecular dynamics was employed to study the inhibition mechanism of vinyl lactam‐based kinetic hydrate inhibitors (KHIs). By comparing the inhibition functions of the same KHIs at different initial locations, we found that the KHI molecules on the surface of hydrate nuclei could obviously prolong the hydrate induction time and exhibited the best inhibition effect. The impacts of KHIs on the methane migration and the arrangement of H2O molecules were analyzed at the molecular level. A gas‐adsorbing mechanism for KHIs (i.e., the KHIs with an excellent gas adsorption ability could reduce the supersaturation of methane in the aqueous solution, reinforce the migration resistance of methane to the nucleus, and further inhibit the hydrate growth) was proposed. In addition, the conformations of KHI polymer molecules in the aqueous solution are closely related to their inhibitory effect, that is, stretched skeletons and well‐organized structures would maximize their inhibitory effect.
New insight into the mechanism of formation of dual actives loaded multilayered polymeric particles and their application in food preservation
Authors: Biswal Agni Kumar , Saha Sampa 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTThis study provides an insight about the mechanism of formation of tri‐layered (instead of bilayers) particles originated from two biodegradable polymers by emulsion solvent evaporation method. It was also demonstrated how layer configurations of tri‐layered particles composed of poly(l‐lactide) (PLLA) and poly(d,l‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA), can be changed from kinetically trapped to thermodynamically favorable structures (dictated by spreading coefficient theory) by tweaking several solution parameters. Layer switching, core, and shell thickness manipulation can also be achieved. Interestingly, among the various configurations, tri‐layered particles made with PLGA of intermediate viscosity and PLLA of high viscosity were found to provide controlled and sustainable release profiles for dual actives such as antibacterial (benzoic acid) and antioxidant (tocopherol) with appreciably high release rates. The dual activity of these particles was tested by incorporating them in chicken broth medium and found to provide excellent antibacterial as well as antioxidant activity for extended period of time (>20 days). © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48009.
Effect of a novel environmentally friendly additive of polyaspartic acid on the properties of urea formaldehyde resins/montmorillonite
Authors: Zhou Yang , Yang Miao , Zheng Youmiao , Tong Dongshen , Zhou Chunhui , Yu Weihua 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTPolyaspartic acid (PASP) is a biodegradable green material with carboxyl groups (COOH) and amido groups (CONH). In the article, a novel urea‐formaldehyde (UF) resin modified by PASP and Ca‐montmorillonite (Ca‐Mt) was prepared by the alkaline‐acid‐alkaline method. The synthesized materials were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis (TG‐DTG), and scanning electron microscopy. The effects of viscosity, curing time, and free formaldehyde were investigated. The results showed that the layered structure of Ca‐Mt was exfoliated and dispersed in the bulk of UF. The thermal stability of the modified UF was much better than that of pure UF resin. The percentage of free formaldehyde was declined from 26 to 18%. Meanwhile, the UF composites showed the short curing time and the optimum viscosity. Finally, a synthetic process of UF modified by PASP and Ca‐Mt and a possible mechanism for immobilizing the free formaldehyde were suggested. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 48038.
Organic matter derived from kelp supports a large proportion of biomass in temperate rocky reef fish communities: Implications for ecosystem‐based management
Authors: Udy Jacquetta , Wing Stephen , O'Connell‐Milne Sorrel , Kolodzey Stina , McMullin Rebecca , Durante Leonardo , Frew Russell 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

The relative availability of alternative organic matter sources directly influences trophic interactions within ecological communities. As differences in trophic ecology can alter the productivity of communities, understanding spatial variability in trophic structure, and the drivers of variability, is vital for implementing effective ecosystem‐based management.
Bulk stable isotope analysis (δ13C and δ15N) and mass balance calculations were used to examine patterns in the contribution of organic matter derived from macroalgae to food webs supporting temperate reef fish communities in two contrasting coastal waterways on the South Island of New Zealand: Fiordland and the Marlborough Sounds. Ten fish species common to both regions were compared, with up to 40% less organic matter from macroalgae supporting omnivorous species in the Marlborough Sounds. The largest differences in trophic position were found in those species exploited by fisheries.
Furthermore, stratified surveys of abundance and species biomass combined with trophic position data were used to calculate regional differences in the contribution of macroalgae to whole fish communities in terms of density of biomass. In Fiordland, over 77% of the biomass of exploited reef fishes was supported by macroalgae, compared with 31% in the Marlborough Sounds.
Surveys of macroalgal density and species composition in the two regions indicated that regional differences in trophodynamics may be explained by a lack of macroalgal inputs to the food web in the Marlborough Sounds.
The findings demonstrate large regional differences in the incorporation of benthic and pelagic sources of organic matter to food webs supporting reef fish communities, highlighting the need for ecosystem‐based approaches to management to recognize spatial variability in primary production supporting coastal food webs.
Superfluous glutamine synthetase activity in Chinese Hamster Ovary cells selected under glutamine limitation is growth limiting in glutamine‐replete conditions and can be inhibited by serine
Authors: Maralingannavar Vishwanathgouda , Parmar Dharmeshkumar , Panchagnula Venkateswarlu , Gadgil Mugdha 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPassaging and expansion of animal cells in lean maintenance medium could result in periods of limitation of some nutrients. Over time, such stresses could possibly result in selection of cells with metabolic changes and contribute to heterogeneity. Here, we investigate whether selection of Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells under glutamine limitation results in changes in growth under glutamine‐replete conditions. In glutamine‐limiting medium, compared to control cells passaged in glutamine‐rich medium, the selected cells showed higher glutamine synthetase (GS) activity and attained a higher peak viable cell density (PVCD). Surprisingly, in glutamine‐replete conditions, selected cells still showed a higher GS activity but a lower PVCD. We show that in glutamine‐replete medium, PVCD of selected cells was restored on (a) inhibition of GS activity with methionine sulfoximine, (b) supplementation of aspartate—without affecting GS activity, and (c) supplementation of serine, which is reported to inhibit GS in vitro. Consistent with the reported effect of serine, inhibition of GS activity was observed upon serine supplementation along with reduced growth of cells under glutamine‐limiting conditions. The latter observation is important for the design of glutamine‐free culture medium and feed used for GS‐CHO and GS‐NS0. In summary, we show that CHO cells selected under glutamine limitation have superfluous GS activity in glutamine‐replete medium, which negatively affects their PVCD. This may be due to its effect on availability of aspartate which was the limiting nutrient for the growth of selected cells in glutamine‐replete conditions.
Cyanide‐Free One‐Pot Synthesis of Methacrylic Esters from Acetone
Authors: Koyama Minoru , Kawakami Takafumi , Okazoe Takashi , Nozaki Kyoko 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMethacrylic esters, represented by methyl methacrylate (MMA), are widely used as commodity chemicals. Here, the one‐pot synthesis of methacrylic esters from acetone, a haloform and alcohols in the presence of an organic base is described. Using DBU as the organic base for the reaction of acetone, chloroform and methanol in acetonitrile afforded MMA in 66 % yield. When the solvent was replaced by benzonitrile, the product MMA was successfully purified by distillation. Applicability of this process to various alcohols was also investigated to show ethyl, phenyl, CF3CH2, and n‐C6F13CH2CH2 esters were obtained in moderate yields. The use of bromoform instead of chloroform resulted in the improvement of the yield, for example, methyl and n‐C6F13CH2CH2 esters up to 81 and 70 %, respectively. The reaction with deuterated starting materials acetone‐d6 and MeOH‐d4, with DBU in acetonitrile afforded deuterated MMA (MMA‐d8) in 70 % yield.
Genetic diversity and phenotypic variation within hatchery‐produced oyster cohorts predict size and success in the field
Authors: Hughes A. Randall , Hanley Torrance C. , Byers James E. , Grabowski Jonathan H. , McCrudden Tom , Piehler Michael F. , Kimbro David L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe rapid growth of the aquaculture industry to meet global seafood demand offers both risks and opportunities for resource management and conservation. In particular, hatcheries hold promise for stock enhancement and restoration, yet cultivation practices may lead to enhanced variation between populations at the expense of variation within populations, with uncertain implications for performance and resilience. To date, few studies have assessed how production techniques impact genetic diversity and population structure, as well as resultant trait variation in and performance of cultivated offspring. We collaborated with a commercial hatchery to produce multiple cohorts of the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) from field‐collected broodstock using standard practices. We recorded key characteristics of the broodstock (male : female ratio, effective population size), quantified the genetic diversity of the resulting cohorts, and tested their trait variation and performance across multiple field sites and experimental conditions. Oyster cohorts produced under the same conditions in a single hatchery varied almost twofold in genetic diversity. In addition, cohort genetic diversity was a significant positive predictor of oyster performance traits, including initial size and survival in the field. Oyster cohorts produced in the hatchery had lower within‐cohort genetic variation and higher among‐cohort genetic structure than adults surveyed from the same source sites. These findings are consistent with “sweepstakes reproduction” in oysters, even when manually spawned. A readily measured characteristic of broodstock, the ratio of males to females, was positively correlated with within‐cohort genetic diversity of the resulting offspring. Thus, this metric may offer a tractable way both to meet short‐term production goals for seafood demand and to ensure the capacity of hatchery‐produced stock to achieve conservation objectives, such as the recovery of self‐sustaining wild populations.
The metabolites urobilin and sphingomyelin (30:1) are associated with incident heart failure in the general population
Authors: Stenemo Markus , Ganna Andrea , Salihovic Samira , Nowak Christoph , Sundström Johan , Giedraitis Vilmantas , Broeckling Corey D. , Prenni Jessica E. , Svensson Per , Magnusson Patrik K.E. , Lind Lars , Ingelsson Erik , Ärnlöv Johan , Fall Tove 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimsWe aimed to investigate whether metabolomic profiling of blood can lead to novel insights into heart failure pathogenesis or improved risk prediction.Methods and resultsMass spectrometry‐based metabolomic profiling was performed in plasma or serum samples from three community‐based cohorts without heart failure at baseline (total n = 3924; 341 incident heart failure events; median follow‐up ranging from 4.6 to 13.9 years). Cox proportional hazard models were applied to assess the association of each of the 206 identified metabolites with incident heart failure in the discovery cohorts Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) (n = 920) and Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (ULSAM) (n = 1121). Replication was undertaken in the independent cohort TwinGene (n = 1797). We also assessed whether metabolites could improve the prediction of heart failure beyond established risk factors (age, sex, body mass index, low‐density and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, lipid medication, diabetes, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, blood pressure medication, glomerular filtration rate, smoking status, and myocardial infarction prior to or during follow‐up). Higher circulating urobilin and lower sphingomyelin (30:1) were associated with incident heart failure in age‐adjusted and sex‐adjusted models in the discovery and replication sample. The hazard ratio for urobilin in the replication cohort was estimated to 1.29 per standard deviation unit, 95% confidence interval (CI 1.03–1.63), and for sphingomyelin (30:1) to 0.72 (95% CI 0.58–0.89). Results remained similar after further adjustment for established heart failure risk factors in meta‐analyses of all three cohorts. Urobilin concentrations were inversely associated with left ventricular ejection fraction at baseline in the PIVUS cohort (β = −0.70, 95% CI −1.03 to −0.38). No major improvement in risk prediction was observed when adding the top 2 metabolites (C‐index 0.787, 95% CI 0.752–0.823) or nine Lasso‐selected metabolites (0.790, 95% CI 0.754–0.826) to a modified Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities heart failure risk score model (0.780, 95% CI 0.745–0.816).ConclusionsOur metabolomic profiling of three community‐based cohorts study identified associations of circulating levels of the haem breakdown product urobilin, and sphingomyelin (30:1), a cell membrane component involved in signal transduction and apoptosis, with incident heart failure.
Memristors with organic‐inorganic halide perovskites
Authors: Zhao Xiaoning , Xu Haiyang , Wang Zhongqiang , Lin Ya , Liu Yichun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOrganic‐inorganic halide perovskites (OHPs) have been intensively studied for application in solar cells with high conversion efficiency exceeding 22%. The unique electrical and optical properties of OHPs have led to their use in optoelectronic device applications beyond photovoltaics, such as light‐emitting diodes, photodetectors, transistors. New information storage technologies and computing architectures are being researched extensively with the aim of addressing the growing challenge of approaching end of Moore's law and von Neumann bottleneck. As the fourth basic circuit element, memristor is a leading candidate with powerful capabilities in information storage and neuromorphic computing applications. Recently, OHPs have received growing attention as promising materials for memristors. In particular, their mixed ionic‐electronic conduction ability paired with light sensitivity provide OHPs with the opportunity to display novel functions such as optical‐erase memory, optogenetics‐inspired synaptic functions, and light‐accelerated learning capability. This review covers recent advances in OHP‐based memristors development including memristive mechanism and analytical models, universal memristive characteristics for memory and neuromorphic computing applications, and novel multi‐functionalization. Challenges and future prospects of OHP‐based memristors are also discussed.
Calibration and Validation of the Hargreaves‐Samani Model for Reference Evapotranspiration Estimation in China
Authors: Zhu Xiaoxiao , Luo Tongyuan , Luo Yufeng , Yang Yang , Guo Longzhu , Luo Hongying , Fang Chaoyang , Cui Yuanlai 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDaily meteorological data of 12 years from 838 stations over China were collected and applied to calibrate the HS model by comparison between the values of ET0 calculated from the original HS and those from the PM model. The calibrated HS model was evaluated by the distribution and values of statistical indices. After calibration, the mean values of the mean absolute error (MAE) and the root mean square error (RMSE) decreased by 24.6 and 23.9%, respectively. The correlation coefficients (R) for most areas were greater than 0.9, and the minimum R increased by 2% compared with the values of the original. The minimum and maximum slope of the zero‐intercept regression lines changed from 0.839 to 0.898 and from 1.46 to 1.04 during the validation period, respectively. The distribution of the statistical indices also showed better performance in most areas. The calibrated HS model produced the greatest ET0 estimation in the subtropical monsoon climate zone and the south‐western part of the temperate monsoon climate zone. Although the performance of the HS model improved after calibration in the plateau and mountain climate and temperate monsoon climate zones, the original HS model had high enough accuracy. However, for the tropical climate regions, the HS model failed to give reliable results even in calibrated form. Overall, the study illustrated that the calibrated HS model has higher accuracy for most climate zones. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of community pharmacist recommendations from a transitions of care study
Authors: Lussier Mia E. , Graham Jove H. , Tusing Lorraine D. , Maddineni Bhumika , Wright Eric A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveCommunity pharmacists are often the first healthcare professional encountered following discharge from a hospital, but what extent of services provided is not fully described across a variety of community pharmacy settings. Our objective was to capture and report recommendations made by community pharmacists during a transitions of care interventional study and to determine if visit‐related factors affected the risk of readmission.MethodsThe content of pharmacists' notes were analyzed from encounters during a transitions of care interventional study for patients discharged from a hospital with five high‐risk conditions (heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, diabetes, pneumonia, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), where the primary purpose of the intervention was to enhance inpatient and community pharmacist communication to improve patient care. Summary statistics were utilized to describe the content of pharmacist notes and actions, and a Cox proportional hazards model was used to test for the impact of several patient or visit‐related characteristics on the risk of 90‐day readmissions.ResultsAs part of an interventional study, patients spent an average of 9 minutes (standard deviation [SD] 6.9) with pharmacists during each visit and had three visits on average within 90‐day of discharge. Responses to checklist questions were documented on 99% of notes, and pharmacists provided recommendations 58% of the time. Recommendations varied by condition with the most frequent being adherence (10%), vaccinations (8%), and disease monitoring (7%). In multivariate models, readmission was higher among patients with highest comorbidity (hazard ratio [HR] = 10.18, 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.53‐29.36), two or more medications added at discharge (HR = 3.83, 95% CI, 1.49‐9.82), or vaccine gaps (HR = 3.51, 95% CI, 1.09‐11.33).ConclusionsIn a transitions of care service, community pharmacists actively engaged patients and caregivers at regular intervals, providing largely patient‐oriented recommendations during relatively short consultation encounters. Patient and visit‐related items associated with higher readmission risk such as higher comorbidity, medication additions, and incomplete vaccinations signal opportunity for community pharmacist‐led interventions to improve care of patients in the postdischarge period.
Artifact‐free objective‐type multicolor total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy with light‐emitting diode light sources—Part I
Authors: Kogel Alexander , Kalwa Hermann , Urban Nicole , Schaefer Michael 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTotal internal reflection fluorescence excitation (TIRF) microscopy allows the selective observation of fluorescent molecules in immediate proximity to an interface between different refractive indices. Objective‐type or prism‐less TIRF excitation is typically achieved with laser light sources. We here propose a simple, yet optically advantageous light‐emitting diode (LED)‐based implementation of objective‐type TIRF (LED‐TIRF). The proposed LED‐TIRF condenser is affordable and easy to set up at any epifluorescence microscope to perform multicolor TIRF and/or combined TIRF‐epifluorescence imaging with even illumination of the entire field of view. Electrical control of LED light sources replaces mechanical shutters or optical modulators. LED‐TIRF microscopy eliminates safety burdens that are associated with laser sources, offers favorable instrument lifetime and stability without active cooling. The non‐coherent light source and the type of projection eliminate interference fringing and local scattering artifacts that are associated with conventional laser‐TIRF. Unlike azimuthal spinning laser‐TIRF, LED‐TIRF does not require synchronization between beam rotation and the camera and can be monitored with either global or rolling shutter cameras. Typical implementations, such as live cell multicolor imaging in TIRF and epifluorescence of imaging of short‐lived, localized translocation events of a Ca2+‐sensitive protein kinase C α fusion protein are demonstrated.