bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing a Quantitative Ultrasound Image Feature Analysis Scheme to Assess Tumor Treatment Efficacy Using a Mouse Model
Authors: Mirniaharikandehei Seyedehnafiseh , VanOsdol Joshua , Heidari Morteza , Danala Gopichandh , Sethuraman Sri Nandhini , Ranjan Ashish , Zheng Bin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of identifying and applying quantitative imaging features computed from ultrasound images of athymic nude mice to predict tumor response to treatment at an early stage. A computer-aided detection (CAD) scheme with a graphic user interface was developed to conduct tumor segmentation and image feature analysis. A dataset involving ultrasound images of 23 athymic nude mice bearing C26 mouse adenocarcinomas was assembled. These mice were divided into 7 treatment groups utilizing a combination of thermal and nanoparticle-controlled drug delivery. Longitudinal ultrasound images of mice were taken prior and post-treatment in day 3 and day 6. After tumor segmentation, CAD scheme computed image features and created four feature pools including features computed from (1) prior treatment images only and (2) difference between prior and post-treatment images of day 3 and day 6, respectively. To predict tumor treatment efficacy, data analysis was performed to identify top image features and an optimal feature fusion method, which have a higher correlation to tumor size increase ratio (TSIR) determined at Day 10. Using image features computed from day 3, the highest Pearson Correlation coefficients between the top two features selected from two feature pools versus TSIR were 0.373 and 0.552, respectively. Using an equally weighted fusion method of two features computed from prior and post-treatment images, the correlation coefficient increased to 0.679. Meanwhile, using image features computed from day 6, the highest correlation coefficient was 0.680. Study demonstrated the feasibility of extracting quantitative image features from the ultrasound images taken at an early treatment stage to predict tumor response to therapies.
Bayesian Data Analysis for Revealing Causes of the Middle Pleistocene Transition
Authors: Mukhin Dmitry , Gavrilov Andrey , Loskutov Evgeny , Kurths Juergen , Feigin Alexander 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCurrently, causes of the middle Pleistocene transition (MPT) – the onset of large-amplitude glacial variability with 100 kyr time scale instead of regular 41 kyr cycles before – are a challenging puzzle in Paleoclimatology. Here we show how a Bayesian data analysis based on machine learning approaches can help to reveal the main mechanisms underlying the Pleistocene variability, which most likely explain proxy records and can be used for testing existing theories. We construct a Bayesian data-driven model from benthic δ18O records (LR04 stack) accounting for the main factors which may potentially impact climate of the Pleistocene: internal climate dynamics, gradual trends, variations of insolation, and millennial variability. In contrast to some theories, we uncover that under long-term trends in climate, the strong glacial cycles have appeared due to internal nonlinear oscillations induced by millennial noise. We find that while the orbital Milankovitch forcing does not matter for the MPT onset, the obliquity oscillation phase-locks the climate cycles through the meridional gradient of insolation.
MHD simulations of the in situ generation of kink and sausage waves in the solar corona by collision of dense plasma clumps
Authors: Pagano P. , Van Damme H. J. , Antolin P. , De Moortel I. 
Published: May 2019

Context. Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves are ubiquitous in the solar corona where the highly structured magnetic fields provide efficient wave guides for their propagation. While MHD waves have been observed originating from lower layers of the solar atmosphere, recent studies have shown that some can be generated in situ by the collision of dense counter-propagating flows.
Aims. In this theoretical study, we analyse the mechanism that triggers the propagation of kink and sausage modes in the solar corona following the collision of counter-propagating flows, and how the properties of the flows affect the properties of the generated waves.
Methods. To study in detail this mechanism we ran a series of ideal 2D and 3D MHD simulations where we varied the properties of the counter-propagating flows; by means of a simple technique to estimate the amplitudes of the kink and sausage modes, we investigated their role in the generation and propagation of the MHD waves.
Results. We find that the amplitude of the waves is largely dependent on the kinetic energy of the flows, and that the onset of kink or sausage modes depends on the asymmetries between the colliding blobs. Moreover, the initial wavelength of the MHD waves is associated with the magnetic configuration resulting from the collision of the flows. We also find that genuine 3D systems respond with smaller wave amplitudes.
Conclusions. In this study, we present a parameter space description of the mechanism that leads to the generation of MHD waves from the collision of flows in the corona. Future observations of these waves can be used to understand the properties of the plasma and magnetic field of the solar corona.
Montecarlo simulation of the High Energy Particle Detector on board the satellite CSES
Authors: Carfora Luca 
Published: May 2019

The High-Energy Particle Detector (HEPD) is an instrument devoted to the measurement of cosmic particles from few MeV up to hundreds of MeV. The HEPD will contribute to the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite mission by measuring the precipitation of trapped particles and by studying the solar-terrestrial environment especially during impulsive events like coronal mass ejections and solar energetic particle emissions.
A Monte Carlo software was realized to study the performance of HEPD, such as its particle discrimination capability, the energy threshold for trigger and the maximum energy detectable in full containment.
This contribution reports the main features of the HEPD Monte Carlo simulation and some results of the detector performance based on it. A comparison with beam tests was carried out, showing a good agreement with the simulation.
Akuter Bauchschmerz: einweisen oder nicht? Und was dann?
Authors: Garbe Jakob , Michl Patrick , Klement Andreas 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAcute abdominal pain (AAP) is a common symptom and reason for encounter in family practices and emergency rooms. About every tenth hospital emergency room consultation is dealing with AAP, the most important reason is the “suspected acute abdomen”. Important diagnostic considerations and clarification steps in family practice and emergency room are presented with the question: in which cases further treatment must be inpatient – or can be done on an outpatient basis. Acute abdominal pain has a complex differential diagnostic spectrum. Early detection of urgent cases is crucial to the outcome. The most important diagnostic means are history (“inductive foraging”), physical examination and sonography. “Yellow flags” provide valuable information for risk groups. Interdisciplinary cooperation is crucial, in doubt: “four eyes principle”. If the cause is unclear, follow-up should be planned.
Foudroyante nekrotisierende Fasziitis bei einem 47-jährigen Mann
Authors: Gamon Eike , Rahe Katharina , Beckschulze Henrik 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungDie nekrotisierende Fasziitis ist eine potenziell letale Entzündung des Weichteilgewebes, die sich durch rasant fortschreitende Gewebsnekrosen auszeichnet 1, 2. Im Folgenden wird ein fulminanter Fall einer nekrotisierenden Fasziitis präsentiert. Nach einem Bagatelltrauma nahm die Infektion einen hochgradigen septischen Verlauf, der trotz maximaler Intensivtherapie und chirurgischer Intervention nicht zu beherrschen war.
Antithrombotische Therapie der peripheren arteriellen Verschlusskrankheit – ein Überblick über aktuelle Evidenz, Praxis und Ausblick
Authors: Bauersachs Rupert , Espinola-Klein Christine , Lawall Holger , Storck Martin , Zeller Thomas , Debus Sebastian 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungDie periphere arterielle Verschlusskrankheit ist eine häufige, chronische Störung der arteriellen Durchblutung v. a. der unteren Extremitäten, wobei fibröse Plaques der Gefäßwand zu Stenosen und Thrombenbildung führen. Bei betroffenen Patienten besteht ein hohes Risiko für kardiovaskuläre Komplikationen im gesamten arteriellen Gefäßsystem, auch nach dortigen Eingriffen. Daher besteht Optimierungsbedarf bei der antithrombotischen Therapie. Zur Mehrfach-Thrombozytenaggregationshemmung durch neue Arzneimittelklassen werden in den nächsten Jahren Studiendaten erwartet. Aktuelle Studien zeigten bei Hemmung der Gerinnungskaskade durch direkte orale Antikoagulanzien klinische Vorteile bei vertretbarem Sicherheitsprofil. Grundlage medikamentöser Therapie bleibt das Management von Risikofaktoren wie Übergewicht und Nikotin sowie die Korrektur metabolischer Störungen. Diese Aspekte sollten den behandelnden Ärzten bekannt sein, um eine optimale Versorgung und Motivation der Patienten zu erreichen.
Patients with gastric MALT lymphoma revealing persisting endoscopic abnormalities after successful eradication of Helicobacter pylori can be safely managed by a watch-and-wait strategy
Authors: Fischbach Wolfgang , Dorlöchter Christian 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background In current guidelines, Helicobacter pylori eradication is recommended as first-line therapy in patients with gastric MALT lymphoma. This leads to complete lymphoma regression in the majority of patients. Those who show persisting histological residuals of lymphoma after eradication of the bacterium and normalization of endoscopic findings are managed by a watch-and-wait strategy. We aim to show that such an approach can be extended to patients with persisting endoscopic abnormalities.
Methods Thirteen patients (7 female and 6 male; 62 years, range: 43 – 80) with gastric MALT lymphoma of stages I and II1 had received exclusive H. pylori eradication. Control endoscopies performed every 3 – 4 months during the first 2 years and 6 and 12 times monthly 2 – 5 and > 5 years after diagnosis, respectively, revealed successful eradication of H. pylori but persisting endoscopic abnormalities. Histologically, complete regression of the lymphoma or minor residuals were observed.
Results Persisting endoscopic changes included thickened folds with or without superficial erosions, nodular mucosal surface with or without angiectasia, focal or diffuse atrophy, focal erythema, or a mixture of these findings. During a follow-up of 89.9 (12 – 329) months, the outcome of these patients was excellent with no single case of lymphoma progression.
Conclusion A watch-and-wait strategy can be recommended for patients with gastric MALT lymphoma showing persisting endoscopic abnormalities after eradication of H. pylori. There is no need for any oncological treatment provided that regular endoscopic-bioptic controls do not reveal any progressive changes. A standardized description of the endoscopic changes as well as a thorough bioptic technique should be included.
Do Thromboxane-Sensitive Receptors Mediate Platelet Aggregation In The Rat?
Authors: Duncan G G , Smith G M 
Published: May 2019

Evidence has been produced to suggest that platelets of rabbits and humans contain receptors sensitive to thromboxane A2 (TxA2) and that inhibition of platelet aggregation can be achieved by preventing the conversion of the cyclo endoperoxides to TxA2 or by competitive antagonism of TxA2 at these TxA2-sensitive receptors. Conflicting evidence has been published on the possible role of TxA2 in the rat and this communication will attempt to explain the effects of agonists and inhibitors in rats and rabbits.Platelet aggregation was measured in vivo by continuously measuring the circulating platelet count using the Technicon Auto-counter. Collagen, PGH2 and the synthetic prostanoids U446l9 and U44069 were studied in rats and collagen and PGH2 were also studied in rabbits. The effects of cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors, thromboxane synthetase inhibitors and thromboxane receptor antagonists on aggregation produced by collagen and PGH2 were studied. Collagen, U44069 and PGH2 produced a dose-dependent fall in platelet count in rats. U46619 was inactive at nontoxic doses. Cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors partially inhibited collagen-induced aggregation in both rats and rabbits. 1-n-butylimidazole (25 mg/kg) and phthalazinol (1 mg/kg) (reported to be a thromboxane receptor antagonist) both inhibited aggregation produced by collagen and PGH2 in the rabbit but they did not affect aggregation produced by collagen in the rat.The activity of the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors suggests that collagen-induced aggregation is partially mediated by products of arachidonic acid in rats and rabbits but evidence that the conversion of PGH2 to TxA2 is necessary for aggregation to be produced in rats by this pathway could not be obtained.
A Family Of Hereditary Dysplasminogenemia
Authors: Kazama M , Abe T A , Tahara C , Kasai N , Suzuki Z 
Published: May 2019

The proband was 41 year-old male without any history of thrombosis. Recurrent thrombosis were developed after he had received an accidental contusion on his chest, and coagulation analysis revealed no abnormality except for low plasminogen activity, about 20% of normal value.No thrombotic trait was claimed by patient’s family but there wascorisanguineous marriage in his parents. Results of coagulation analysis of 15 members of this family were as follows; platelet count, platelet aggregation and clot retraction were normal. Activity of all coagulation factors and antigenicity as well as activity of α2-M, α2-PI, AT-III and α1,-antitrypsin were within normal ranges. Plasminogen activity, hoever, were 20-60% of normal value in 9 out of 15, it was 80-120% in 6.Plasminogen of each member was isolated by affinity chr- omatorgraphy with lysine-Sepharose column and kinetic study was performed with these isolated plasminogen. Km’s of all members were ranged in 170-230μM/L as compared to 170μM/L in normal control. But Vmax’s were distributed from 0.19 to 3.28M/min.ml as compared to 3.1 in normal control. On the other hand, antigencicity of plasminogen of these members were ranged in 10-14.2 mg/lOOml except for a case with 17.6 mg/100ml.SDS-gel electrophoresis revealed that activation of this plasminogen with SK yielded two subunits, H and L, and plasmin formed a complex with α2, similar as normal plasmin did.It was concluded that this family had dysplasminogenemia inherited by a dominant mode, and plasminogen of these patients were a heterologous mixture composed of normal and abnormal plasminogen.
Antithrombotic And Opposite Effects Of Drugs Influencing The Prostaglandin System
Authors: Zimmermann R , Peter J , Jung G , Horsch A , Mörl H , Harenberg J 
Published: May 2019

The prostaglandin metabolites prostacyclin (PGI2) and thromboxane affect the aggregation of platelets and their interaction with the vessel wall. An increase of the PGI2 availability or inhibition of the thromboxane synthesis may induce antithrombotic activity.The antithrombotic effects of some drugs influencing the prostaglandin metabolism were investigated therefore in 220 rabbits. Arterial and venous thrombus formation was produced in a standardized experimental model of silver nitrate induced thrombosis. The following substances were examined:
1.PGI2 20 ng/kg/min,2.PGI2 10 ng/kg/min,3.a substance which increases the PGI2 availability (BAY g 6575) 10 mg/kg,4.the thromboxane synthetase inhibitor UK-37,248-01 ,5.BAY g 6575 in combination with aspirin 10 mg/kg and 6.BAY g 6575 and aspirin 50 mg/kg. A reduction of the arterial and venous thrombus growth could be observed after treatment with 1.PGI2 20 ng/kg/min (arterial system:-74%, significant [s],venous system:-64%,s), 2.PGI2 10ng /kg/min (-34%,s,-34%,s), 3.BAY g 6575 (-50%,s,-75 %,s), 4.UK-37,248-01 (-41 % , s ,-36% , s) , 5.BAYg 6575 in association with aspirin 10 mg/kg (-41%,not s, -50%,ns) and 6.BAY g 6575 and aspirin 50 mg/kg (-22%,ns,-21%,ns).Our data suggest that PGI2 and drugs increasing the availability of PGI2 induce a pronounced and significant antithrombotic activity. A less efficient reduction of thrombus formation can be expected after inhibition of thromboxane synthesis. The decrease of the antithrombotic property of BAY g 6575 when combinated with aspirin suggests an instability of the antithrombotic activity of substances acting by influencing the prostaglandin metabolism.
Coagulation Changes Under An Effective Urokinase Dosage Regimen
Authors: Schöffel G , Zimmermann R , Harenberg J 
Published: May 2019

In preliminary studies we demonstrated an increased thrombolytic activity with higher dosages of urokinase in the therapy of deep vein thrombosis. From that time this higher urokinase dosage schedule (loading dose 250,000 IU, initial maintenance dosage 2000 IU/kg/h in combination with 1520 U heparin/kg/h) was used and suggested as ideal.In 10 patients with deep vein thrombosis treated according to this dosage schedule following coagulation parameters were determined before the beginning of the therapy, after 1,4,12 h and then at least once per day up to 7-14 days:aPTT, thrombin clotting time, fibrinogen (according to Clauss, Ratnoff and Menzie and radial immunodiffusion), TEG, euglobulin clot lysis time, inhibitors of fibrinolysis, plasminogen, antithrombin III, fpA, clotting factors V and VIII. The coagulation analysis showed a progressive decrease of fibrinogen to 50100 mg% and of plasminogen to about 40 % within 12-36 h. At this time a reduction of the urokinase dose by 30-40 % and further only slight corrections became necessary. Additional investigations demonstrated a more pronounced fibrinogenolytic effect when dissolving and applying urokinase in plastic material and avoiding contact with glass surfaces. These findings suggested a 30% saving of urokinase.The highly effective urokinase dosage schedule here described has been proved practicable and rendered too frequent coagulation controls superfluous. The saving of urokinase by using plastic material introduced a modification of our urokinase regimen:Loading dose 250,000 IU, followed by 2000 IU/kg/h for only 8 h, then 1000 IU/kg/h with further slight individual dose corrections.
Effect Of Heparin And Other Polyanions On Collagen Induced Platelet Aggregation
Authors: Tiffany M Lois , Penner John A 
Published: May 2019

Despite the fact that relatively high concentrations of polyanions are capable of inducing spontaneous platelet aggregation following a brief incubation period, collagen induced platelet aggregation was actually decreased when a low concentration (1 ug/ml) of.the polyanions, Heparin (gut or lung fractionated), Dextran, Sulfate (mol. wt. 500,000) and polyvinyl Sulfate (mol. wt. 100,000) were incubated for 5 minutes with human platelet rich plasma.An explanation for this apparent anomalous effect of low polyanion concentrations may rest with compliment activation. We have proposed that collagen interacts with platelet-bound Cls inducing Cls esterase activity, and have suggested that this interaction results in platelet aggregation and release. Therefore, an explanation of the effect of these polyanions on collagen induced platelet aggregation is found in their known potentiation of the inhibitor, Cl-lNA, on the induction of esterase activity in Cls.In support of this concept is our findings that, the polyanion, polyanethanol sulfonate, which inhibits the activity of Cl-lNA, enhances collagen induced platelet aggregation when used at the same low concentration and under the same experimental conditions as used with the other polyanions discussed.
ANTIBODIES AGAINST MEMBRANE GLYCOPROTEINS: AGGREGATION, CROSS IMMUNOELECTROPHORESIS STUDIES, AND RELEVANCE TO GLANZMANN’S THROMBASTHENIA
Authors: Jenkins C S P , Ali-Briggs E F , Clemetson K J 
Published: May 2019

In Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia, glycoproteins (GPs) IIb and IIIa are missing or strongly reduced in concentration and aggregation to ADP, collagen and thrombin is impaired. Antibodies against GPs IIb and IIIa did not entirely induce a thrombasthenia-like state in normal platelets; however they did strongly inhibit collagen-induced aggregation, inhibited the second wave of aggregation induced by ADP, inhibited to some extent thrombin-induced aggregation and clot retraction, and were totally without effect on ristocetin-human VIIIR:WF.Crossed immunoelectrophoresis studies using Triton X-100 extracts of whole platelets and platelet membranes with these antibodies gave a single immunoprecipitate. This immunoprecipitate was absent when similar studies were carried out with thrombasthenie platelets. Anti-whole platelets antibodies gave a number of immunoprecipitates with normal platelets and differences were observed with thrombasthenie platelets, the most notable of which was a marked reduction in one of the major immunoprecipitates.These results provide further evidence that GPs IIb and IIIa are involved in the later stages of platelet aggregation.
Enhanced Platelet Aggregation And Arachidonic Acid Metabolism Associated To Reduced Sensitivity To Exogenous Prostacyclin In Hypercholesterolemic Subjects
Authors: Tremoli E , Maderna P , Colli S , Sirtori M , Sirtori C R 
Published: May 2019

The platelet sensitivity to aggregating agents and the production of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites were studied in 97 hypercholesterolemic patients (WHO types IIA and IIB;serum cholesterol levels >250 mg/dl, LDL>170 mg/dl,triglycerides >180 mg/dl). The findings were compared with those of 55 age and sex matched normocholesterolemic subjects.Platelet aggregation was studied in platelet rich plasma (PRP) with ADP, collagen, epinephrine and thrombofax* as aggregating agents. Malondialdehyde (MDA) production was determined according to Smith et al.. Thromboxane B2 (TXB2) was measured in washed platelets stimulated with AA by a specific RIA. The platelet sensitivity to the inhibitory effect of synthetic prostacyclin (PGI2) was also assessed in 40 of the patients and in 20 age and sex matched control subjects, using fixed concentrations of aggregating agents.Platelets from patients required to aggregate significantly lower concentrations of collagen, epinephrine and thrombofax* (p< 0.001) and of ADP ( p<O.05); MDA production by thrombin and collagen and TXB formation were significantly raised (p<0.001) in the patient group. Higher concentrations of PGI2 were required to inhibit the aggregation of platelets in the type II patients.The reported findings confirm in a large clinical series the potential role of platelet hyperreactivity in the thrombotic risk of type II hypercholesterolemia.
Factor X Vorarlberg, A New Variant of Hereditary Factor X Deficiency
Authors: Lechner K , Mähr G , Margariteller P , Deutsch E 
Published: May 2019

The proposita, a 56 years old woman, has a mild bleeding tendency. Prothrombin time was 112 sec (control 17.0 sec), stypven time 13.7 sec (control 11.5 sec) and APTT 54 sec (control 40 sec). Factor I, II (funct.and imm.), V, VII, VIII, IX, XI, XII, AT III were normal. - Factor X activity was < 1% by extrinsic system assay (tissue thromboplastin), 12% by RVV assay and 32% by intrinsic system (APTT) assay. Similar results were obtained when factor X activity was determined using the synthetic substrate S 2222. Immunoassay (antibody neutralisation, heterologous antibody to factor X) demonstrated a decreased level (20%) of immunoreactive factor X. The patient plasma had no inhibitory activity. Factor X activity could be completely absorbed on barium sulfate and eluted with 5% sodium citrate. It was eluted at the same position from a Sephadex G-200 column as normal factor X, but had a slower electrophoretic mobility when subjected to disc electrophoresis. Family studies (22 members studied) suggest an autosomal recessive inheritance. A second unrelated family with the same defect was subsequently detected in the same valley of Vorarlberg (Austria). - It is concluded that this hereditary coagulation disorder is due to a grossly abnormal factor X-molecule.Supported by Ö.F.F.W.F. (grant No. M2-2090)