bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fine‐Tuning Surface Properties of Perovskites via Nanocompositing with Inert Oxide toward Developing Superior Catalysts for Advanced Oxidation
Authors: Li Jiang , Miao Jie , Duan Xiaoguang , Dai Jie , Liu Qiwei , Wang Shaobin , Zhou Wei , Shao Zongping 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCost‐effective, stable, and highly efficient heterogeneous catalyst is the key challenge for wastewater treatment based on Fenton‐like advanced oxidation processes. Perovskite oxides offer new opportunities because of their versatile compositions and flexible physiochemical properties. Herein, a new strategy is proposed that is different from the frequently used alien‐metal doping, to tune surface properties of perovskite oxides by nanocompositing perovskite with inert oxide, resulting in improved activity and stability for catalytic oxidation. By in situ modification of LaFeO3 with inert La2O3 oxide through one‐pot synthesis, several important surface properties such as surface defects, H2O2 adsorption capacity, Fe2+ concentration, and charge‐transfer rate were improved, as well as resistance against iron leaching. In performance evaluation, among the various materials, La1.15FeO3 (L1.15FO) composite shows the highest Fenton activity (0.0402 min−1) for activating H2O2 to oxidize methyl orange, 2.5 times that of the pristine LaFeO3. Notably, in situ electron paramagnetic resonance analysis and radical scavenging tests unveil a faster generation of singlet oxygen as the dominant reactive species over L1.15FO, consequently a novel non‐radical activation mechanism is proposed. Such improved performance is assigned to the strong coupling effect between the nanosized LaFeO3 and La2O3 in the hybrids, which fine‐tune the surface properties of LaFeO3 perovskite as superior Fenton catalysts.
Recent Progresses in Phototherapy‐Synergized Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Ng Chee Wee , Li Jingchao , Pu Kanyi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCancer immunotherapy has recently gained much attention in the search of cancer cure due to its ability to “train” the immune system in seeking out and removing residual tumor cells. However, relying on cancer immunotherapy alone may fail to ablate primary tumors. Phototherapy is a promising modality that offers an elegant solution to eradicate tumors through the simple application of light irradiation and meanwhile triggers immune responses by immunogenic cell death to enhance antitumor immunity. Uniting phototherapy with cancer immunotherapy has been found to achieve synergistic outcomes, promote cancer regression, and even attain immunologic memory. This review summarizes the recent studies on utilizing phototherapy and immunotherapy combinatorial approaches to treat cancer. A variety of nanoplatforms have been investigated in combination with immunoadjuvants and immune checkpoint blockades such as CTLA4 and PD‐L1 pathways. Higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines, improved migration of dendritic cells, and an increased ratio of tumor‐infiltrating cytotoxic T cells against regulatory T cells are revealed in many studies, offering a glimpse into the mechanistic principles. Future advancements targeting different cancer checkpoints that could offer better immunosuppression coupled with other phototherapeutic strategies remain to be explored in accomplishing complete elimination of cancer.
Flexible Printed Reference Electrodes for Electrochemical Applications
Authors: Manjakkal Libu , Shakthivel Dhayalan , Dahiya Ravinder 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis work presents screen‐printed thick film reference electrodes (REs) on a polyethylene terephthalate substrate. The ion‐conducting channel of presented screen‐printed thick film Ag|AgCl|KCl electrodes are made from a composite of glass–KCl powder. With this new formulation the REs exhibit negligible variation in the potential (±4 mV), when evaluated under different bending states (radius 3, 5, and 7 mm). With a stable electrode potential and in‐depth electrochemical studies, the utility of the presented REs for pH‐sensing and flexible supercapacitor (SC) applications is demonstrated. With amperometric studies, we have shown that for pH‐sensing applications, the presented REs can exhibit a sensitivity of 9 µA pH−1. At 1 mHz, the electrochemical investigations involving presented thick film REs and graphene‐based SCs demonstrate a capacitance of 75 µF cm−2. With a flexible form factor, high endurance, and a miniature size, the presented RE has distinct advantages over conventional glass‐based REs, particularly for emerging applications such as flexible sensing and for characterization of materials for energy storage devices.
Recent Advances in Flexible Inorganic Light Emitting Diodes: From Materials Design to Integrated Optoelectronic Platforms
Authors: Zhang Hao , Rogers John A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe emergence of high‐performance materials for flexible inorganic light emitting diodes (ILEDs) provides the foundations for a broad range of compelling, unconventional systems, from deformable displays and lighting sources to wearable and implantable bioelectronics with diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities. Interdisciplinary progress in materials synthetic methods, device designs, mechanical layouts, and assembly techniques over the past decade enables flexible ILEDs with remarkable operating characteristics even under extreme modes of mechanical deformation. This review summarizes recent advances in this field, with emphasis on the unique properties of the underlying materials and device physics in the first several sections. The subsequent content highlights examples of system‐level integration of flexible ILEDs into advanced optoelectronic platforms with characteristics that would be difficult or impossible to achieve with conventional approaches. Miniaturized, implantable biomedical tools for optical modulation of neural activity at target sites and conformable, skin‐mounted electronics for sensing and visualization of physiological parameters in real time provide examples of some of the most recent directions.
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Catalyzed in situ Activation of Alkynyl Acids for C−S Bond Formation: Access to Imidazo[2,1‐b][1,3]thiazinones
Authors: Sun Kewen , Jin Shiyi , Zhu Jindong , Zhang Xinmiao , Gao Maoyu , Zhang Wanqi , Lu Tao , Du Ding 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAlkynyl acids are first utilized as alkynyl acylazolium precursors through an in situ activation strategy for the efficient construction of carbon‐sulfur bond in a formal [3+3] annulation. This protocol offers a direct and rapid pathway for the synthesis of imidazo[2,1‐b][1,3]thiazinone skeleton, a useful heterocyclic class frequently found in many bioactive compounds. This reaction also has the advantages of scalability, readily available materials, and simple manipulation in open air.magnified image
Transition‐Metal‐Free Regioselective Construction of Diverse 3‐Carbonyl Functionalized 4‐Pyrones via Thermal Wolff‐Rearrangement of Diazodicarbonyls
Authors: Park Ga Eul , Maezono Shizuka Mei Bautista , Ha Ji Hyeon , Shim Jae‐Jin , Kim Sung Hong , Lee Yong Rok 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAn efficient protocol for the construction of 3‐carbonyl functionalized 4‐pyrones has been developed using a transition‐metal free thermal cascade reaction of diazodicarbonyls with β‐enamino esters or β‐enamino ketones. This reaction proceeds via cascade carbene generation, ketene formation via thermal Wolff‐rearrangement, nucleophilic addition, intramolecular cyclization, and elimination. This protocol provides a rapid synthetic route to diverse 2,3,5‐trisubstituted 4‐pyrone derivatives.magnified image
Ca(II)‐Mediated Regioselective One‐pot Sequential Annulation of Acyclic compounds to Polycyclic Fluorenopyrans
Authors: Yaragorla Srinivasarao , Rajesh P. , Pareek Abhishek , Kumar Ankit 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHerein we report a facile synthesis of tetracyclic fluorenopyrans from simple acyclic reactants, propargyl alcohols and 3‐methylpentane‐2,4‐dione under calcium catalysis. This one‐pot, 3‐component reaction proceeds through a sequential allene formation, Friedel‐Crafts cyclization/cycloisomerization, intramolecular aldol reaction, Claisen rearrangement, and 6‐endo dig cyclization to result in the formation of fluorenopyrans (indeno[2,1‐g]chromenes). This strategy was further used in the synthesis of 3‐iodo‐fluorenopyrans, by adding iodocyclization to the above sequence of reactions (4‐CR). Noticeably, this highly practical, atom and the step‐economic procedure is catalyzed by a sustainable (alkaline earth) metal salt and tolerates the broad substrate scope, allowing the further transformations and synthetic utilities of these complex polycyclic moieties.magnified image
Regio‐ and Stereoselective Hydrosulfonylation of Electron‐Deficient Alkynes: Access to Both E‐ and Z‐β‐Sulfonyl‐α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Zhang Wei , Johnson Gabriel M. , Guan Zhi , He Yan‐Hong 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA metal‐free hydrosulfonylation of electron‐deficient alkynes with sodium sulfinates or sulfinic acids to access both E‐ and Z‐β‐sulfonyl‐α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds has been developed. We propose that this reaction via a hydroxylallene intermediate delivers the thermodynamically stable E isomer, or via a concerted termolecular AdE3 mechanism affords Z isomer. The stereoselectivity of addition (syn or anti) can be controlled by varying the sulfonyl sources and acidic buffer solutions. This protocol exhibits broad substrate scope for internal or terminal alkynes including various substituted ynones and alkynyl esters. This approach is mild, efficient, operationally simple and easy to be scaled‐up.magnified image
Selective Electrochemical H2O2 Production through Two‐Electron Oxygen Electrochemistry
Authors: Jiang Yuanyuan , Ni Pengjuan , Chen Chuanxia , Lu Yizhong , Yang Ping , Kong Biao , Fisher Adrian , Wang Xin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDirect electrochemical production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) through two‐electron oxygen electrochemistry, for example, the oxygen reduction in fuel cells or water oxidation in water electrolyzers, could provide an attractive alternative to locally produce this chemical on demand. The efficiency of these processes depends greatly on the availability of cost‐effective catalysts with high selectivity, activity, and stability. In recent years, various novel nanostructured materials have been reported to selectively produce H2O2. Through combined experimental and theoretical approaches, underlying mechanisms in the electrochemical synthesis of H2O2 via oxygen electrochemistry have been unveiled. Considering the remarkable progress in this area, the authors summarize recent developments regarding the direct production of H2O2 through two‐electron electrochemical oxygen reactions. The fundamental aspects of electrochemical oxygen reactions are first introduced. Various types of catalysts that can effectively produce H2O2 via two‐electron oxygen electrochemistry are then presented. In parallel, the unique structure‐, component‐, and composition‐dependent electrochemical performance together with the underlying catalytic mechanisms are discussed. Finally, a brief conclusion about the recent progress achieved in electrochemical generation of H2O2 and an outlook on future research challenges are given.
Low Temperature Tolerant Organohydrogel Electrolytes for Flexible Solid‐State Supercapacitors
Authors: Rong Qinfeng , Lei Wenwei , Huang Jin , Liu Mingjie 
Published: September 2018

AbstractGel electrolytes are attracting growing interest in the field of flexible solid supercapacitors. So far, hydrogel electrolytes have been widely investigated, and high performance flexible supercapacitors based on these electrolytes have been realized. However, conventional hydrogel electrolytes contain massive solvent water, inevitably freeze and restrict ion transport at subzero temperatures, which fundamentally limits the utilization of supercapacitors in extreme low temperatures. A new organohydrogel electrolyte that successfully brings the advantages of outstanding flexibility and ionic conductivity at low temperatures by using H2O/ethylene glycol as a dispersion medium is reported here. When applying the antifreezing organohydrogel electrolyte, the flexible solid supercapacitor with carbon nanotube paper electrodes (≈0.5 × 2.2 cm2) exhibits stable electrochemical performance (70.6% capacitance retained at −40 °C) and excellent cycling stability (only 11.7% capacitance decay over 5000 charge/discharge cycles at −20 °C.) at low temperatures, representing the excellent low temperature tolerance. Meanwhile, the supercapacitor devices offer remarkable flexible performance under consecutive bending conditions. It is anticipated that the low temperature tolerant organohydrogel electrolyte may be a promising gel electrolyte for the next generation of flexible solid supercapacitors for using at low temperature environments.
Orbital Interactions in Bi‐Sn Bimetallic Electrocatalysts for Highly Selective Electrochemical CO2 Reduction toward Formate Production
Authors: Wen Guobin , Lee Dong Un , Ren Bohua , Hassan Fathy M. , Jiang Gaopeng , Cano Zachary P. , Gostick Jeff , Croiset Eric , Bai Zhengyu , Yang Lin , Chen Zhongwei 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA highly selective and durable electrocatalyst for carbon dioxide (CO2) conversion to formate is developed, consisting of tin (Sn) nanosheets decorated with bismuth (Bi) nanoparticles. Owing to the formation of active sites through favorable orbital interactions at the Sn‐Bi interface, the Bi‐Sn bimetallic catalyst converts CO2 to formate with a remarkably high Faradaic efficiency (96%) and production rate (0.74 mmol h−1 cm−2) at −1.1 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode. Additionally, the catalyst maintains its initial efficiency over an unprecedented 100 h of operation. Density functional theory reveals that the addition of Bi nanoparticles upshifts the electron states of Sn away from the Fermi level, allowing the HCOO* intermediate to favorably adsorb onto the Bi‐Sn interface compared to a pure Sn surface. This effectively facilitates the flow of electrons to promote selective and durable conversion of CO2 to formate. This study provides sub‐atomic level insights and a general methodology for bimetallic catalyst developments and surface engineering for highly selective CO2 electroreduction.
Costs and risks of testing and blending for essential amino acids in soybeans
Authors: Hertsgaard David J. , Wilson William W. , Dahl Bruce 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAn important emerging problem in soybean marketing is the variability in quality, which is typically measured by protein and ultimately results in mispricing. This study analyzes the effects of testing soybeans for specific quality traits including essential amino acids. A model was developed to analyze costs and risks that may arise for grain handlers to segregate soybeans into high‐ and low‐quality grain flows based on alternative importer purchasing specifications. A stochastic optimization model is used to determine optimal testing locations and intensities in addition to the costs and risks to grain handlers. The model allows for blending to determine optimal shipments from separate locations with differing quality distributions. This paper provides a framework for agribusinesses, grain handlers, and marketers to make decisions in response to importers’ purchasing requirements and strategies.
Very‐Low‐Temperature Integrated Complementary Graphene‐Barristor‐Based Inverter for Thin‐Film Transistor Applications
Authors: Heo Sunwoo , Lee Ho‐In , Lee Hyeji , Kim Seung‐Mo , Kim Kiyung , Kim Yun Ji , Kim So‐Young , Kim Ji Hwan , Yoon Myung‐Han , Lee Byoung Hun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractComplementary graphene‐barristor‐based inverters using n‐type ZnO:N and p‐type dinaphtho‐[2,3‐b:2′,3′‐f]thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene semiconductor layers are fabricated at a maximum process temperature lower than 200 °C. The devices display on/off ratios greater than 104. The transmittance of the device stack is higher than 80% at wavelengths larger than 470 nm. The complementary graphene‐barristor inverter exhibits a high gain (>8 at VDD = 2 V) by using a back‐gate structure, which allows for aggressive gate‐dielectric scaling. The potential performance of the inverter, as projected using experimental device parameters, shows that a very high voltage gain of over 70 and a low switching power consumption of below 10 nW can be achieved at VDD = 2 V and an equivalent oxide thickness of 1 nm. These performances are very promising for thin‐film transistor applications.
Avenues to Characterize the Interactions of Extended N‐Glycans with Proteins by NMR Spectroscopy: The Influenza Hemagglutinin Case
Authors: Fernández de Toro Beatriz , Peng Wenjie , Thompson Andrew J. , Domínguez Gema , Cañada F. Javier , Pérez‐Castells Javier , Paulson James C. , Jiménez‐Barbero Jesús , Canales Ángeles 
Published: September 2018

AbstractLong‐chain multiantenna N‐glycans are extremely complex molecules. Their inherent flexibility and the presence of repetitions of monosaccharide units in similar chemical environments hamper their full characterization by X‐ray diffraction or standard NMR methods. Herein, the successful conformational and interaction analysis of a sialylated tetradecasaccharide N‐glycan presenting two LacNAc repetitions at each arm is presented. This glycan has been identified as the receptor of the hemagglutinin protein of pathogenic influenza viruses. To accomplish this study, a N‐glycan conjugated with a lanthanide binding tag has been synthesized, enabling analysis of the system by paramagnetic NMR. Under paramagnetic conditions, the NMR signals of each sugar unit in the glycan have been determined. Furthermore, a detailed binding epitope of the tetradecasaccharide N‐glycan in the presence of HK/68 hemagglutinin is described.
Origin of the Chemiresistive Response of Ultrathin Films of Conductive Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Rubio‐Giménez Víctor , Almora‐Barrios Neyvis , Escorcia‐Ariza Garin , Galbiati Marta , Sessolo Michele , Tatay Sergio , Martí‐Gastaldo Carlos 
Published: September 2018

AbstractConductive metal–organic frameworks are opening new perspectives for the use of these porous materials for applications traditionally limited to more classical inorganic materials, such as their integration into electronic devices. This has enabled the development of chemiresistive sensors capable of transducing the presence of specific guests into an electrical response with good selectivity and sensitivity. By combining experimental data with computational modelling, a possible origin for the underlying mechanism of this phenomenon in ultrathin films (ca. 30 nm) of Cu‐CAT‐1 is described.
INTEND II randomized clinical trial of intraoperative duct endoscopy in pathological nipple discharge
Authors: Gui G , Agusti A , Twelves D , Tang S , Kabir M , Montgomery C , Nerurkar A , Osin P , Isacke C 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Background
The majority of lesions resulting in pathological nipple discharge are benign. Conventional surgery is undirected and targeting the causative lesion by duct endoscopy may enable more accurate surgery with fewer complications.

Methods
Patients requiring microdochectomy and/or major duct excision were randomized to duct endoscopy or no duct endoscopy before surgery. Primary endpoints were successful visualization of the pathological lesion in patients randomized to duct endoscopy, and a comparison of the causative pathology between the two groups. The secondary endpoint was to compare the specimen size between groups.

Results
A total of 68 breasts were studied in 66 patients; there were 31 breasts in the duct endoscopy group and 37 in the no-endoscopy group. Median age was 49 (range 19–81) years. Follow-up was 5·4 (i.q.r. 3·3–8·9) years in the duct endoscopy group and 5·7 (3·1–9·0) years in no-endoscopy group. Duct endoscopy had a sensitivity of 80 (95 per cent c.i. 52 to 96) per cent, specificity of 71 (44 to 90) per cent, positive predictive value of 71 (44 to 90) per cent and negative predictive value of 80 (52 to 96) per cent in identifying any lesion. There was no difference in causative pathology between the groups. Median volume of the surgical resection specimen did not differ between groups.

Conclusion
Diagnostic duct endoscopy is useful for identifying causative lesions of nipple discharge. Duct endoscopy did not influence the pathological yield of benign or malignant diagnoses nor surgical resection volumes. Registered as INTEND II in CancerHelp UK clinical trials database (https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/find-a-clinical-trial/a-study-looking-at-changes-inside-the-breast-ducts-of-women-who-have-nipple-discharge).
UPLC–MS/MS method validation of ciprofloxacin in human urine: Application to biodegradability study in microbial fuel cell
Authors: Sharma Priya , Kumar Devendra , Mutnuri Srikanth 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTo enable the reliable quantification of ciprofloxacin in human urine, a sensitive and selective assay based on liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was developed. The chromatographic separation of the ciprofloxacin was carried out on a Zorbex Eclipse C18 column using methanol and ammonium acetate as a mobile phase by the gradient elution method. The developed assay covered a wide range of concentrations (1.56–100 ng/mL) with a lower limit of detection of 0.76 ng/mL. Quantification was performed using the multiple reaction monitoring transitions 331.8/231 for ciprofloxacin and 362/318 for ofloxacin (internal standard). This assay was validated for linearity, accuracy, precision and recovery. The validated method was then applied to the biodegradability of ciprofloxacin (99%) from human urine in the microbial fuel cell.
Development of analytical method for the quality control of the fruit bark of Punica granatum L. (pomegranate) and antichemotatic activity of extract and rich fraction in punicalagins
Authors: Sleifer Bruno Alonso , Schwanz Melissa , Danielli Leticia Jacobi , Apel Miriam Anders , Henriques Amélia Teresinha 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPomegranate is of current interest owing to the existing potential for industrial uses of fruit peels. This includes its availability as a raw vegetable material, a byproduct that constitutes residue in the use of the species and is recognized as a functional product, and beneficial health properties, as will be demonstrated in the studies cited. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure its effectiveness and safety. Toward this end, the aim of this study was to develop and validate an analytical method for the separation and quantification of total punicalagin present in the bark of the fruit of Punica granatum by HPLC. Purity tests such as water determination and total ashes were also performed. The ability of the extract and enriched fraction of punicalagin to inhibit leukocyte migration in vitro was determined by the Boyden's chamber method. The developed HPLC method demonstrated good separation and quantification of the punicalagin α and β anomers. The method is efficient and reliable, and can ultimately be used for the analysis of the extract of pomegranate. The crude extract and the fraction of punicalagins significantly inhibited leukocyte migration at concentrations of 1 and 10 μg/mL in relation to the negative control, indicating potential antichemotactic action.