bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calibration Feedback With the Practical Scoring Rule Does Not Improve Calibration of Confidence
Authors: Martin Matthew , Mandel David R. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTPeople are often overconfident in their probabilistic judgments of future events or the state of their own knowledge. Some training methods have proven effective at reducing bias, but these usually involve intensive training sessions with experienced facilitators. This is not conducive to a scalable and domain‐general training program for improving calibration. In two experiments (N1 = 610, N2 = 871), we examined the effectiveness of a performance feedback calibration training paradigm based on the Practical scoring rule, a modification of the logarithmic scoring rule designed to be more intuitive to facilitate learning. We examined this training regime in comparison to a control group and an outcome feedback group. Participants were tasked with selecting which of two world urban agglomerations had a higher population and to provide their confidence level. The outcome feedback group received information about the correctness of their choice on a trial‐by‐trial basis as well as a summary of their percent correct after each experimental block. The performance feedback group received this information plus the Practical score on a trial‐by‐trial basis and information about their overall over‐ or underconfidence at the end of each block. We also examined whether Actively Open‐Minded Thinking (AOMT) was predictive of calibration and its change across blocks. We found no improvement in calibration due to either training regime. Good calibration overall was predicted by AOMT, but not its change across blocks. The results shed light on the generalizability of other findings showing positive effects of performance training using the Practical scoring rule.
Combining Electrochemical Nitrate Reduction and Anammox for Treatment of Wastewater With Low C/N Ratio Nitrate
Authors: Gao Weichun , Du Yan , Liu Xueying , Zhang Libao , Li Dan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe treatment of high concentration and low C/N ratio of nitrate wastewater is a promising and challenging research topic. Combining electrochemical reduction and anammox is a technology with great development potential for nitrogen removal from wastewater. In this work, Cu─Ag─Co cathode materials were prepared by two‐step electrodeposition method. The effect of current density and initial pH value on nitrate reduction efficiency was investigated in a single chamber electrolytic cell equipped with Cu─Ag─Co cathode and Ti/RuO2─IrO2 anode. The results showed that under the conditions of initial NO3−─N concentration of 500 mg L−1, Na2SO4 concentration of 0.125 mol L−1, current density of 10 mA cm−2, initial pH value of 7, and treatment time of 5 h, NO3−─N removal ratio was 84.5%, the concentration of NO2−─N and NH4+─N was 180.2 mg L−1 and 173.2 mg L−1. Wastewater with a concentration ratio of NO2−─N and NH4+─N of 1.04:1 meets the influent requirements for anaerobic ammonia oxidation. Through the combination process, the final NO3−─N removal ratio was 82.6%, the NO2−─N concentration was 3.2 mg L−1, and the NH4+─N concentration was 26.4 mg L−1. It provided a reference for the treatment of wastewater with low C/N ratio nitrate by combining electrochemical reduction and anammox.
CO2 transport in supercritical state: Nikiski, Alaska pipeline study
Authors: Ophoff Mike , Chen Cheng‐fu , Zhang Yin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCarbon dioxide (CO2) in the supercritical state, being denser yet less viscous, is suitable for long‐distance transportation. Despite this well‐known principle, implementing an operational scheme with appropriate inlet pressure and mass flow rate for supercritical CO2 (srCO2) transportation is challenging due to the complex interplay among state variables, fluid properties, pipeline dimensions and materials, and the intricate boundary and ambient conditions surrounding the pipeline. This paper utilizes PIPESIM software to conduct a feasibility study of srCO2 transportation over a 10‐mile‐long model pipeline in the Cook Inlet region of Alaska, USA. The study aims to understand the limitations of operational parameters and develop a scheme for selecting feasible parameters for srCO2 transportation. Considering geographic location, elevation profiles, and ambient conditions, the simulations calculated pressure and temperature profiles, erosion kinetics, and fluid states for various conditions derived from a combinatorial set of pipeline diameters ranging from 11 to 16 in, inlet pressures between 1,400 and 1,900 psia, and mass flow rates from 10 to 275 lbm/s, with an inlet temperature of 200 °F. The major findings indicate that larger pressure losses are expected in smaller pipelines that are well‐insulated and/or operated at lower inlet pressures. Turbulent flow is more likely to occur in smaller pipelines and at higher mass flow rates, potentially altering the state of the transported fluid. The parametric modeling results provide a scenario‐driven approach to determining a feasible range of mass flow rates, pipeline inner diameters, and inlet pressures for srCO2 transportation. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does induction or augmentation of labor increase the risk of postpartum hemorrhage in pregnant women with anemia? A multicenter prospective cohort study in India
Authors: Cheng Tuck Seng , Zahir Farzana , Solomi Carolin , Verma Ashok , Rao Sereesha , Choudhury Saswati Sanyal , Deka Gitanjali , Mahanta Pranabika , Kakoty Swapna , Medhi Robin , Chhabra Shakuntala , Rani Anjali , Bora Amrit , Roy Indrani , Minz Bina , Bharti Omesh Kumar , Deka Rupanjali , Opondo Charles , Churchill David , Knight Marian , Kurinczuk Jennifer J. , Nair Manisha 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate whether induction/augmentation of labor in pregnant women with anemia increases the risk of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) and whether this risk varied by indications for labor induction/augmentation and by anemia severity in pregnancy.MethodsIn a prospective cohort study of 9420 pregnant women from 13 hospitals across India, we measured hemoglobin concentrations at recruitment (≥28 weeks of gestation) and blood loss after childbirth during follow‐up and collected clinical information about PPH. Clinical obstetric and childbirth information at both visits were extracted from medical records. Anemia severity in the third trimester was categorized using hemoglobin concentrations (no/mild anemia: hemoglobin ≥10 g/dL; moderate: hemoglobin 7 to 9.9 g/dL; severe: hemoglobin <7 g/dL), while PPH was defined based on blood loss volume (vaginal births: ≥500 mL or cesarean sections: ≥1000 mL) and clinical diagnosis. Indications for labor induction/augmentation were classified as clinically indicated and elective as per guidelines. We performed multivariable modified Poisson regression analyses to investigate the associations of anemia severity and indications for labor induction/augmentation, including their interaction, with PPH, adjusted for potential confounders.ResultsPPH was associated with anemia but not with indications for labor induction/augmentation. However, there was a significant interaction between the two factors in relation to PPH (P = 0.003). Among pregnant women with severe anemia, a higher risk of PPH was associated with elective (adjusted risk ratio, 3.44 [95% confidence interval, 1.29–9.18]) but not with clinically indicated (adjusted risk ratio, 1.22 [95% confidence interval, 0.42–3.55]) labor induction/augmentation. No associations were observed among pregnant women with no/mild and moderate anemia.ConclusionThe risk of PPH is higher in women who have moderate–severe anemia in late pregnancy. Induction/augmentation of labor is generally safe for women with anemia, but it can increase the risk of PPH in women with severe anemia if performed electively.
Efficacy of a Standardized Regimen of Therapeutic Plasma Exchange and IVIG for Treatment of Antibody‐Mediated Rejection in Lung Transplant Recipients
Authors: Wodajo Amelework , Sarode Ravi , De Simone Nicole , Kaza Vaidehi , Usmani Amena 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAntibody‐mediated rejection (AMR) in lung transplantation has been associated with poor long‐term clinical course and is a risk factor for chronic lung allograft dysfunction and graft loss. Appropriate management of AMR is necessary to improve graft survival in lung transplant recipients. There is currently no standardized approach to the treatment of lung AMR, and practices vary by institution. We sought to examine the efficacy of a standardized protocol of plasma exchange (PLEX) and IVIG in decreasing donor‐specific antibodies (DSAs) and improving AMR in lung transplant recipients. A retrospective chart review was conducted on all lung transplant recipients who completed a course of PLEX per UT Southwestern AMR protocol between January 2012 and December 2019 for diagnosis of AMR. Data were collected on the patient clinical course, treatment regimen, pre‐PLEX DSA, post‐PLEX DSA, follow‐up (> 1‐month post‐PLEX) DSA, and pre‐and post‐PLEX biopsy, when available. Of 527 patients who underwent lung transplantation during the study period, 56 (11%) received an acute course of PLEX every other day per protocol for AMR of lung transplant. Forty (71%) of 56 patients had one episode of AMR requiring PLEX; 16 patients (29%) had repeat episodes of AMR within 6 weeks to 47 months of the first episode. Most patients showed improvement in AMR on biopsy (69%) and a decline in DSA (68%). Our data suggest that treatment with combined PLEX and IVIG protocol appears effective for treating lung AMR.
Therapists in Wartime: Holding Others' Trauma While Contending With Your Own
Authors: Taubman – Ben‐Ari Orit , Erel‐Brodsky Hilit , Ben‐Kimhy Reut 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study explores the experience of Israeli therapists who both worked with clients in emergency interventions during the third week following the Hamas attack on Israel on October 7, 2023, and were themselves exposed, to one extent or another, to the terrifying events.MethodOpen‐ended questionnaires were completed by 201 therapists during the third week following October 7. Using thematic analysis, therapists' reports of the themes their clients raised in therapeutic sessions were compared with their reports of the hardships they themselves experienced as individuals and professionals during the same period. Drawing on the concept of shared traumatic reality, the study considers how close the themes are, and how challenging it is to cope concurrently with a traumatic reality that is experienced both directly and indirectly.ResultsSeven main categories emerged from the responses to questions about both their clients and themselves: (1) uncertainty and worries about the near and more distant future; (2) overwhelming emotions; (3) physical sensations; (4) shattered meaning and loss of trust; (5) lack of routine; (6) self‐preservation; and (7) shared trauma.ConclusionsThe findings shed light on early reactions to a shared traumatic reality in the period closely following the trauma itself, indicating that professionals find it hard to differentiate between the personal, professional, and national levels when exposed to a large‐scale traumatic event they share with their clients.
Prediction of Fragility Fractures and Mortality in a Cohort of Geriatric Patients
Authors: Dovjak Peter , Iglseder Bernhard , Rainer Anna , Dovjak Gregor , Weber Michael , Pietschmann Peter 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundRisk factors of refracture after fragility fractures include osteoporosis, female gender and advanced age among others. We hypothesized that the assessment of functionality, muscle health and nutrition status contribute to the risk prediction for further fractures and death.MethodsWe assessed 334 patients admitted to the department of acute geriatrics for sociodemographic data, bone fragility, selected laboratory tests, body composition and data on functionality using the comprehensive geriatric assessment. Patients had follow‐ups until the occurrence of further fractures or death. Dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry and pulse echo measurements were performed to assess bone mineral density. Fracture risk was assessed using the FRAX score and muscle strength according to published guidelines on sarcopenia.ResultsThe mean age was 81 years (70–95), and 82.3% (275/334) were women. An incidence of 10.4% (35/334) new fragility fractures was observed within 24 months, and the mortality rate was 12.2% (41/334). A significantly higher rate of further fractures was associated with lower BMI (body mass index) (HR 0.925, CI 0.872–0.98; p = 0.009), lower parathyroid hormone levels (HR 0.986, CI 0.973–0.998; p = 0.026) and with the diagnosis of osteoporosis (HR 2.546, CI 1.192–5.438; p = 0.016). No significant associations were present in patients with previous fractures, with higher age, higher FRAX scores, sarcopenia, in women, sarcopenic obesity, frail patients, lower grip strength, lower walking speed, lower Barthel index or lower DI (density index) values. The predictive power for further fractures was 10.7% higher adding osteosarcopenia, BMI and parathyroid hormone levels to standard assessment parameters osteoporosis, age and the status of previous fractures. Mortality was significantly higher with advanced age (HR 1.101, CI 1.052–1.151; p < 0.001), in men (HR 6.464, CI 3.141–13.305; p < 0.001), in smokers (p = 0.002), higher FRAX score (HR 1.039, CI 1.009–1.070; p = 0.010), lower renal function (HR 0.987, CI 0.976–0.997; p = 0.010), lower Tinetti test scores (HR 0.943, CI 0.900–0.987; p = 0.012), lower walking speed (HR 0.084, CI 0.018–0.382; p = 0.001), lower hand grip (HR 0.876, CI 0.836–0.919; p < 0.001) and lower Barthel index scores (HR 0.984, CI 0.971–0.997; p = 0.015).ConclusionsIn a cohort of geriatric patients, the addition of BMI, low parathyroid hormone levels and osteosarcopenia increases the predictive power for further fractures by 10.7%. These parameters are a valuable addition to the standard assessment parameters age and history of sustained fractures. Mortality is partly associated with potentially treatable functional parameters.
Resurgence in a discrete‐trial procedure in rats
Authors: Fujimaki Shun , Goto Natsumi , Sakagami Takayuki 
Published: November 2024

AbstractResurgence is a transient recovery of a previously extinguished target response following a worsening of reinforcement conditions for an alternative response. Laboratory studies with nonhuman animals typically assess resurgence in free‐operant situations where subjects can freely emit responses. The purpose of the current study was to investigate whether resurgence would be observed in a discrete‐trial procedure where only a single response could occur in each trial, using rats as subjects. The experiment consisted of three phases, and each session ended after 200 trials. All trials began with the insertion of target and alternative levers and ended once a response was emitted. In Phase 1, both target and alternative responses were reinforced with a probability of .25. In Phase 2, the target response was extinguished while still reinforcing the alternative response with a probability of .25. Finally, resurgence was tested by placing the alternative response on extinction. All rats showed robust resurgence in this highly constrained discrete‐trial situation. We also found that the latencies of resurged target responses differed from those in Phase 1. Overall, the present discrete‐trial procedure could produce reliable resurgence as with typical free‐operant procedures and has several potential benefits for studying resurgence.
A Mura model‐based optical compensation for organic light‐emitting diode display luminance nonuniformity utilizing two image capturing
Authors: Kwon Hyuckwon , Park Chanjin , Kang Kyeong‐Soo , Park Ji‐Hwan , Lee Soo‐Yeon 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we proposed a new optical Mura compensation method that requires only a few Mura detections for all gray levels. We analyzed the characteristics of Mura resulting from process variations in the thin film transistor (TFT) of each pixel and developed a new model using a logarithmic function. The proposed compensation algorithm has been verified with simulation and experimental results. We found that the uniformity of the proposed compensation algorithm at 7G, 24G, 75G, 100G, 150G, and 255G, which required only two image captures, was comparable to those that required five captures. The model improved uniformity from 41.32% to 68.60% at 0.18 nit brightness, demonstrating its effectiveness. Additionally, the method significantly reduces the number of image captures needed from five to two and decreases the image capturing process time from 2183 to 150 ms, saving over 14 times in process efficiency. The proposed methodology demonstrates significant advancements in achieving luminance uniformity in OLED displays, addressing mass production constraints.
Grading Sonographic Severity of Adenomyosis
Authors: Trommelen Lisa M. , De Leeuw Robert A. , Van den Bosch Thierry , Huirne Judith A. F. 
Published: November 2024

ObjectivesThe reported prevalence of adenomyosis ranges widely due to different study populations, diagnostic tests and criteria. Categorizing the severity of disease may prove important. This study aims to develop a semi‐quantifiable sonographic method to grade the severity of adenomyosis and assess the feasibility and interobserver reliability of this method.MethodsCross‐sectional pilot study performed at a gynecology outpatient clinic, included 35 premenopausal women with adenomyosis, not taking hormonal medication. Diagnosis required ≥1 direct sonographic feature of adenomyosis. Two‐dimensional (2D) grayscale video clips and 3‐dimensional (3D) volumes of the uterus of the first 5 patients were evaluated using 6 offline methods to assess feasibility. Feasible methods were analyzed for interobserver (n = 3) reliability (Fleiss kappa or intraclass correlation) and compared with current ultrasound methods (Cohen's weighted kappa and Spearman's rank correlation). Current methods include real‐time estimation (mild/moderate/severe) and counting the individual sonographic features.Results“eXtended Imaging virtual organ computer‐aided analysis (XI VOCAL) counting” (counting affected slices of 20 parallel slices in the 3D volume), “Multiplanar and 3D rendering (MPR) estimation” (grading volume by eyeballing in multiplanar render mode), and “2D‐clip estimation” (grading volume in 2D‐clips) emerged as feasible methods. “XI VOCAL counting” and “2D‐clip estimation” demonstrated good interobserver reliability, whereas “MPR estimation” had poor reliability. Comparison with real‐time estimation showed moderate reliability with all methods. “XI VOCAL counting” and “MPR estimation” correlated positively with the number of sonographic features.Conclusion“XI VOCAL counting” demonstrated to be feasible with good interobserver reliability to assess the severity of adenomyosis in an objective, systematic, and semi‐quantifiable fashion and should be validated with large‐scale studies for future use. Future studies should also explore the association between sonographic severity and symptoms of adenomyosis.
2‐Ethylhexyl‐4,6‐Dibromo‐3‐Cyano‐3‐Thieno[3,4‐b]Thiophene Enables Low HOMO Energy Level Polymer Donor
Authors: Wang Lei , Liu Yude , Cao Lihua , Zhao Xiaohong , Li Haigang , Yuan Zhongyi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe new halogen‐free donor polymer PCN6 is constructed using 2‐ethylhexyl‐4,6‐dibromo‐3‐cyano‐thieno[3,4‐b]thiophene as acceptor (A) block, and is compared in detail with the commercially available PTB7‐Th. It is found that PCN6 has a wider film absorption (300–700 nm) and lower highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels (−5.52 eV) than PTB7‐Th (−5.34 eV), suggesting a great advantage of the monocyano‐functionalized modification strategy in terms of molecular absorption and energy level tuning. The performance difference between PCN6:Y6‐ and PTB7‐Th:Y6‐based organic solar cells (OSCs) is compared by a series of studies including light intensity dependence, carrier mobility, AFM, TEM, and GIWAXS. The results show that PCN6:Y6‐based OSCs have stronger crystallinity, better charge transport, higher and more balanced carrier mobility, and less exciton complex loss. Therefore, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PCN6:Y6‐based OSCs reaches 11.34%, while the PCE of PTB7‐Th:Y6‐based OSCs is only 9.02%. These results suggest that 2‐ethylhexyl‐4,6‐dibromo‐3‐cyano‐thieno[3,4‐b]thiophene is an excellent A block for the construction of halogen‐free donor polymers with low HOMO energy levels, and also demonstrate that the introduction of cyano in the conjugated backbone of polymers is a good strategy to achieve high‐performance OSCs.
Rapid, Controlled Branching Polymerization of Cyanoacrylate via Pathway‐Enabled, Site‐Specific Branching Initiation
Authors: Roxas Alexander Perez , Yu Han , Tamtaji Mohsen , Yang Zhenggen , Luo Zhengtang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractControlled branched structures remain a key synthetic limitation for monomeric tissue adhesives because their on‐site polymerization that enables adhesion formation requires rapid kinetics, high conversion, and straightforward setup. In this context, site‐specific branching initiation by using evolmers is potentially effective for structural control; however, the efficiency and kinetics in current reaction setups persists to be a major challenge. In this paper, an evolmer induces a controlled branching polymerization of cyanoacrylate amid the high monomer reactivity useful in rapid adhesion. The contrasting reactivities between the vinyl and the initiating groups in the evolmer molecule generate a kinetic pathway that favors a control‐enabling branching mechanism. Through density functional theory calculations, the reaction pathway toward branching is shown to kinetically favor site‐specific initiation by six orders of magnitude than the route toward non‐specificity. Reaction monitoring confirms the branching polymerization after the polymerization with the evolmer forms a more compact structure than the linear counterpart. Control of branching density is demonstrated in rapid polymerizations within minutes and in polymerizations completed in an instant. These results provide a template for achieving site‐specific branching initiation during adhesion formation and, broadly, where conditions for kinetic control are necessary.
Simulation of emissions from pottery kilns in the Roman period
Authors: Drüe Clemens 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPresent‐day air quality is known through dense monitoring and extensive pollution control mechanisms. In contrast, knowledge of historical pollution, particularly before the industrial revolution, is accessible only through occasional reports of singular local events and through natural archives such as ice or sediment cores that record global‐scale pollution. However, the regular local to regional pollution that most affects human life is hardly known. Historical sciences have argued both for and against significant air pollution in and around historic cities and manufacturing sites. For the Roman era, it has been hypothesized that air quality played a role in several patterns of action of the period. However, to the author's knowledge, there are no quantitative studies of Roman emissions. Using the results of modern experimental archaeology, this study attempts to quantify the emissions from Roman pottery kilns and their impact on surrounding human settlements. It is shown that although the pollution did not reach today's limits, it must have approached levels known to cause adverse health effects. A series of additional test simulations have been conducted to determine how these first results might be improved in the future.