bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Halides of the Heavier Group 14 Homologues Germanium, Tin, and Lead—A Journey through Unusual Compounds and Oxidation States
Authors: Kunz Tanja , Schnepf Andreas 
Published: October 2018

AbstractClassical halides of the heavier Group 14 homologues germanium, tin, and lead are common precursors for the synthesis of exciting compounds, such as polyhedral clusters. To get access to larger metalloid cluster compounds of Group 14, the disproportionation reaction of metastable monohalide solutions, accessible through a preparative co‐condensation reaction, proved to be quite successful. As the identity of the subvalent halides within the metastable solutions were yet unknown the reaction course from a monohalide precursor to a metalloid cluster was mostly unidentified. This might change now, as a first subhalide cluster [Ge14Br8(Et3P)4] could be characterized, being the first trapped intermediate of the disproportionation reaction of Group 14 subhalides. All these aspects are included within this Minireview, together with a short historical overview, dealing with the development of the preparative co‐condensation technique out of the matrix isolation technique, being the essential first step of the synthesis of metastable monohalide solutions of the heavier Group 14 elements Ge and Sn.
In Operando Analysis of Diffusion in Porous Metal‐Organic Framework Catalysts
Authors: Gao Wen‐Yang , Cardenal Ashley D. , Wang Chen‐Hao , Powers David C. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe potential to exert atomistic control over the structure of site‐isolated catalyst sites, as well as the topology and chemical environment of interstitial pore spaces, has inspired efforts to apply porous metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) as catalysts for fine chemical synthesis. In analogy to enzyme‐catalyzed reactions, MOF catalysts have been proposed as platforms in which substrate confinement could be used to achieve chemo‐ and stereoselectivities that are orthogonal to solution‐phase catalysts. In order to leverage the tunable pore topology of MOFs to impact catalyst selectivity, catalysis must proceed at interstitial catalyst sites, rather than at solvent‐exposed interfacial sites. This Minireview addresses challenges inherent to interstitial MOF catalysis by 1) describing the diffusional processes available to sorbates in porous materials, 2) discussing critical factors that impact the diffusion rate of substrates in porous materials, and 3) presenting in operando experimental strategies to assess the relative rates of substrate diffusion and catalyst turnover in MOF catalysis. It is anticipated that the continued development of in operando tools to evaluate substrate diffusion in porous catalysts will advance the application of these materials in fine chemical synthesis.
Activating the MoS2 Basal Plane by Controllable Fabrication of Pores for an Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Geng Shuo , Liu Hu , Yang Weiwei , Yu Yong Sheng 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMolybdenum disulfide has drawn persistent interest as a promising nonprecious electrocatalyst alternative to Pt for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, the MoS2 catalytic efficiency is still lower than the Pt‐based catalysts owing to insufficient active sites with more inert basal planes. Herein, we designed and synthesized porous MoS2 nanosheets to activate the basal planes by etching away Al in Al‐doped MoS2. The optimized porous MoS2 shows a small onset overpotential as low as 136 mV, a large cathode current density of 10 mA cm−2 at η=201 mV, a low Tafel slope of 62 mV decade−1, and a high TOF of 0.29 H2 s−1 per active site at η=200 mV. This study opens up new avenues for designing electrocatalysts based on porous MoS2 or other layered materials with enhanced HER performance.
Submerging a Biomimetic Metallo‐Receptor in Water for Molecular Recognition: Micellar Incorporation or Water Solubilization? A Case Study
Authors: Collin Solène , Parrot Arnaud , Marcelis Lionel , Brunetti Emilio , Jabin Ivan , Bruylants Gilles , Bartik Kristin , Reinaud Olivia 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMolecular recognition in water is an important topic, but a challenging task due to the very competitive nature of the medium. The focus of this study is the comparison of two different strategies for the water solubilization of a biomimetic metallo‐receptor based on a poly(imidazole) resorcinarene core. The first relies on a new synthetic path for the introduction of hydrophilic substituents on the receptor, at a remote distance from the coordination site. The second involves the incorporation of the organosoluble metallo‐receptor into dodecylphosphocholine (DPC) micelles, which mimic the proteic surrounding of the active site of metallo‐enzymes. The resorcinarene ligand can be transferred into water through both strategies, in which it binds ZnII over a wide pH window. Quite surprisingly, very similar metal ion affinities, pH responses, and recognition properties were observed with both strategies. The systems behave as remarkable receptors for small organic anions in water at near‐physiological pH. These results show that, provided the biomimetic site is well structured and presents a recognition pocket, the micellar environment has very little impact on either metal ion binding or guest hosting. Hence, micellar incorporation represents an easy alternative to difficult synthetic work, even for the binding of charged species (metal cations or anions), which opens new perspectives for molecular recognition in water, whether for sensing, transport, or catalysis.
Pregnancies during and after trastuzumab and/or lapatinib in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–positive early breast cancer: Analysis from the NeoALTTO (BIG 1‐06) and ALTTO (BIG 2‐06) trials
Authors: Lambertini Matteo , Martel Samuel , Campbell Christine , Guillaume Sébastien , Hilbers Florentine S. , Schuehly Uwe , Korde Larissa , Azim Hatem A. , Di Cosimo Serena , Tenglin Richard C. , Huober Jens , Baselga José , Moreno‐Aspitia Alvaro , Piccart‐Gebhart Martine , Gelber Richard D. , de Azambuja Evandro , Ignatiadis Michail 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundLimited data exist on the safety of using anti–human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) targeted agents during pregnancy. To date, only retrospective studies have assessed the prognosis of patients with a pregnancy after prior early breast cancer, with no data in HER2‐positive patients.MethodsThe Neoadjuvant Lapatinib and/or Trastuzumab Treatment Optimization (NeoALTTO) trial and the Adjuvant Lapatinib and/or Trastuzumab Treatment Optimization (ALTTO) trial were randomized phase 3 trials for patients with HER2‐positive early breast cancer. In both trials, pregnancy information was prospectively collected. Pregnancy outcomes were compared between patients unintentionally exposed to trastuzumab and/or lapatinib during gestation (the exposed group) and those who became pregnant after trastuzumab and/or lapatinib completion (the unexposed group). In the ALTTO trial, disease‐free survival (DFS) was compared between pregnant patients and those aged 40 years or younger without a subsequent pregnancy via an extended Cox model with time‐varying covariates to account for a guarantee‐time bias.ResultsNinety‐two patients (12 in the exposed group and 80 in the unexposed group) had a pregnancy: 7 in the NeoALTTO trial and 85 in the ALTTO trial. Seven patients (58.3%) in the exposed group and 10 patients (12.5%) in the unexposed group opted for an induced abortion; in the unexposed group, 10 patients (12.5%) had a spontaneous abortion. No pregnancy/delivery complications were reported for the remaining cases, who successfully completed their pregnancy, with the exception of 1 fetus with trisomy 21 (Down syndrome). No significant difference in DFS (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.12; 95% confidence interval, 0.52‐2.42) was observed between young patients with a pregnancy (n = 85) and young patients without a pregnancy (n = 1307).ConclusionsFor patients with HER2‐positive early breast cancer, having a pregnancy after treatment completion appears to be safe without compromising fetal outcome or maternal prognosis.
An SDN‐based MTD model
Authors: Yang Yubin , Cheng Liming 
Published: October 2018

SummaryAn SDN‐based moving target defense (MTD) model maps the physical network elements to a considerably larger space than the original address space and creates different times of validity randomly to generate mapping addresses on the basis of the security level of the targets accessed, making it more difficult for attackers to find the targets. The methods used to make the MTD technique work include generating different times of validity and coefficients of difficulty for the address mapping randomly based on the security level of the targets accessed, changing the mapping destination IPv4 to IPv6 (to increase the target space by several orders of magnitude), transforming the IP, MAC addresses, and the protocol ports, and mapping the SDN network elements. All of these measures increase the difficulty of network reconnaissance, making it more difficult for attackers to obtain authentic target information. In this paper, we present the relevant technological background, discuss the design of a new security adaptive system model based on SDN, and propose a target security level identification algorithm and a network element information mapping algorithm.
A new VRSA‐based pairing‐free certificateless signature scheme for fog computing
Authors: Wang Liangliang , Wen Mi , Chen Kefei , Bi Zhongqin , Long Yu 
Published: October 2018

SummaryFog computing is composed of various computers with weak performance instead of servers with strong performance. As history has shown, there has not been a general pairing‐free certificateless signature scheme that is mainly designed with modular exponentiation and modular multiplication that can possess resistance to Type I and Type II adversaries. The lightweight certificateless signature algorithm with low requirements for computing and storage capabilities, which can be practicably implemented in fog computing, needs to be studied. Therefore, a new hard mathematic problem is firstly defined in this paper, which is called variant of RSA problem. Then, a new general pairing‐free certificateless signature scheme is proposed based on the variant of RSA problem and the discrete logarithm problem. Fortunately, the proposed scheme is the first RSA‐based certificateless signature scheme that can possess resistance to Type I and Type II adversaries. A formal security proof is provided to demonstrate that, under adaptively chosen message attacks, the scheme is provably secure against Type I and Type II adversaries in the random oracle model. When compared with other known pairing‐free certificateless signature schemes of the same type, the computation cost of our scheme is slightly higher; however, a higher security level can be achieved.
Glucose‐Responsiveness of Pancreatic β‐Like (GRP β‐L) Cells Generated from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Rajaei Bahareh , Massumi Mohammad , Wheeler Michael 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe International Diabetic Federation estimated that 415 million adults currently have diabetes and 318 million adults had impaired glucose tolerance, putting them at high risk of developing diabetes in the future. In Type 1 Diabetes (T1D), the β cells are lost because of autoimmune reactions. Although islet transplantation has been a promising therapy for T1D, it is greatly limited by pancreatic donors. Here, we describe a protocol to generate glucose‐ responsive pancreatic β‐like (GRPβ‐L) cells from human‐induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. We recapitulate in vivo pancreas development by in vitro induction of differentiating human (iPS) cells with stage‐specific signaling molecules and proteins. Inhibition of Tyrosine Kinase receptor AXL, TGF‐β, and Notch signaling pathways in the final stage of the five‐stage protocol could efficiently generate GRPβ‐L from the endocrine progenitor. Differentiation of human iPS cells through the protocol could result in functional GRPβ‐L cells, which could be used in pharmaceutical and β cell biology studies. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Extended immunophenotyping reference values in a healthy pediatric population
Authors: Garcia‐Prat Marina , Álvarez‐Sierra Daniel , Aguiló‐Cucurull Aina , Salgado‐Perandrés Sandra , Briongos‐Sebastian Sara , Franco‐Jarava Clara , Martin‐Nalda Andrea , Colobran Roger , Montserrat Isabel , Hernández‐González Manuel , Pujol‐Borrell Ricardo , Soler‐Palacin Pere , Martínez‐Gallo Mónica 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundFor the accurate diagnosis of immunodeficiencies is crucial to compare patients’ immunology laboratory values with age‐sex matched controls, yet there is a paucity of normal values for most populations.ObjectivesTo define appropriate reference values of extended lymphocyte subpopulations and T‐cell receptor excision circle (TRECs) levels in healthy pediatric donors between 1 month and 18 years of age.MethodsExtended immunophenotyping values were obtained by analysis of multiparameter flow cytometry panels for the following subpopulations: CD4+ and CD8+ Naive, Effector, Effector Memory and Central Memory, T helper subpopulations and their degrees of activation, T Regulatory cells, Recent Thymic Emigrants (RTE), B Lymphocyte subpopulations (Transitional, Naive, Preswitch‐Memory, Switch‐Memory, Plasmablasts, CD21low, and Exhausted), and subpopulations for Monocytes, NK cells and Dendritic Cells.ResultsMedian values and the 10th and 90th percentiles were obtained for 32 lymphocyte and monocyte subpopulations, and for TRECs levels in each age group of children. Naive CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cell populations tended to decrease with age, with significant difference between the groups, in parallel with the reduction in thymic function assessed by TRECs counts and the recent thymic emigrant population. Relative numbers of Th cell populations tended to increase with age. The percentage of class‐switched B cell populations showed a significant increase between the youngest group and the others.ConclusionThis study provides essential data for interpreting extended immunophenotyping profiles in the pediatric and young adult populations, which could be of value for the diagnosis of PIDs and immune‐mediated diseases, particularly those associated with subtle immunological abnormalities. © 2018 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Confirmation of arboreal habits in Dromiciops gliroides: a key role in Chilean Temperate Rainforests
Authors: Godoy‐Güinao Javier , Díaz Iván A. , Celis‐Diez Juan L. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDromiciops gliroides is a small marsupial endemic to the South American temperate rainforest; it is considered a living fossil because it is the only living species of the order Microbiotheria, more related to Australian marsupials than those found in South America. Dromiciops gliroides has been considered a scansorial marsupial most frequently found in the understory. Nonetheless, several authors have hypothesized that this species could be arboreal because of its ability to climb through the vegetation. However, all previous studies on D. gliroides have been conducted from the ground, with no documentation of this species’ ability to climb trees, or how high they may reach. Here, we present the first evidence of arboreal habits in D. gliroides, and we analyze its functional importance for the biodiversity of forest canopies. In the Bosque Pehuén Park (39°25′ S, 71°45′ W), in six emergent Nothofagus dombeyi (Nothofagaceae) trees, we installed camera traps, one per tree, between 12 and 21 m aboveground, in the trees’ crowns. Camera traps were active from January to April of 2017, during the Southern Hemisphere's summer and fall. We recorded a total of 2319 photographs, including small mammals, birds, and lizards, in addition to several unidentified species. A total of 230 photographs of D. gliroides were recorded, across all six of the surveyed trees. In a more recent survey (February 2018), we found this species at 26 m, 2 m from the tree's highest point. Dromiciops gliroides is thus a frequent canopy user and could influence canopy biota and ecological processes. Dromiciops gliroides is considered a seed disperser of most vascular epiphytes and vines, and may therefore strongly influence epiphytic dynamics. It is also an active invertebrate predator and as such could significantly decrease tree herbivory. The roles that D. gliroides plays in this ecosystem need more clarification; this living fossil may be more important for this forest ecosystem than previously believed, modulating biodiversity and functions in unexpected, yet relevant ways.
Echocardiographic predictors of worsening renal function in acute heart failure: observations from the RASHF registry
Authors: Soltani Mohammad Hossein , Jamshir Mohsen , Taghavi Sepideh , Golpira Reza , Nasiri Mohsen , Amin Ahmad , Abbaszade Marzbali Nargeuss , Naderi Nasim 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimsEchocardiography is known as the most useful diagnostic test in the assessment of patients with heart failure (HF), and the prognostic significance of echocardiographic findings in HF is well known. In this report, we aim to present the prognostic significance of a limited set of echocardiographic parameters obtained within 24 h of admission of patients enrolled in the Rajaie Acute Systolic Heart Failure registry.Methods and resultsA total of 230 patients with the diagnosis of acute systolic HF (left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 35%) were enrolled into the study. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed for all study population within 24 h of admission. The primary endpoint of the study was the occurrence of worsening renal function (WRF) during the hospitalization course.Acquiring data of transthoracic echocardiography within 24 h of admission was feasible in all study participants. The median (inter‐quartile range) of left ventricular ejection fraction was 20% (15–23%). Severe right ventricular dysfunction was observed in 21.5% of patients. The grade of inferior vena cava collapse and right ventricular systolic dysfunction were associated with WRF. In multivariable analysis, right ventricular systolic dysfunction was among the independent predictors of WRF [β = 0.8, P = 0.01, odds ratio (OR) = 2.4 (1.2–4.9)] and in‐hospital mortality [β = 0.6, P = 0.04, OR = 1.5 (0.5–4.6)].ConclusionsEchocardiographic parameters are useful for baseline assessment and provide additional information besides other clinical variables for prognostication. Right ventricular dysfunction is the most important risk factor in developing WRF and in‐hospital mortality in patients with acute HF.
Application of High Intensity Ultrasound to Accelerate Crystallization of Anhydrous Milk Fat and Rapeseed Oil Blends
Authors: Gregersen Sandra Beyer , Frydenberg Rikke Ploug , Hammershøj Marianne , Dalsgaard Trine Kastrup , Andersen Ulf , Wiking Lars 
Published: October 2018

In this study, the impact of high intensity ultrasound (HIU) treatment on anhydrous milk fat and milk fat/rapeseed oil blends with 10–30 w/w% rapeseed oil is examined. Effects of HIU treatment on crystallization kinetics, thermal behavior, microstructure, texture, and oxidation are evaluated. HIU treatment results in an acceleration of the crystallization process, especially for blends with a high rapeseed oil content. HIU treatment reduces the crystal size, however, HIU treatment does not have any significant effects on the melting behavior or hardness. No significant effects of HIU treatment on secondary oxidation products are observed, indicating that lipid oxidation is not facilitated by the HIU treatment.Practical Application: A great potential exists for the use of use of high intensity ultrasound in the food industry to obtain a shorter and more controllable fat crystallization process. Results from this demonstrate how the impact of ultrasound treatment is affected by diluting a hard fat with liquid oil. Such effects are of great importance in, for instance, the dairy industry, where high intensity ultrasound potentially provides an additional processing tool in the production of spreadable blends based on milk fat and rapeseed oil. Ultrasound treatment is introduced in a circulating flow system, a more realistic representation of an industrial setting compared with commonly used probe based bath systems.High intensity ultrasound accelerates the crystallization kinetics of anhydrous milk fat and rapeseed oil blends, resulting in the formation of smaller crystals but no differences in melting properties or hardness. This is obtained in a circulating flow cell, without detection of increased levels of secondary oxidation products.
Preliminary validation of the Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children 2.0: A dimensional approach to scoring
Authors: Schiestl Emma T. , Gearhardt Ashley N. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveAssessment approaches for food addiction in younger samples have not been updated to reflect recently revised diagnostic approaches for addictive disorders. The aim of the current study is to develop a new dimensional approach to assess food addiction in adolescents that is psychometrically sound, developmentally appropriate, and reflective of the updated diagnostic criteria.MethodsThe dimensional Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children 2.0 (dYFAS‐C 2.0) and related measures were administered to 127 adolescents from the community in the United States. Endorsement rates for each question were reviewed, and the psychometric properties were evaluated.ResultsProblem‐focused symptoms had low endorsement rates and were excluded from the final version of the scale. The dYFAS‐C 2.0 demonstrated partial evidence for a one‐factor structure, had good internal consistency reliability, and was positively associated with emotional eating, external eating, and body mass index (BMI). The dYFAS‐C 2.0 also accounted for unique variance in BMI. Unexpectedly, the dYFAS‐C 2.0 was positively associated with restrained eating.ConclusionsThe dYFAS‐C 2.0 appears to have adequate psychometric properties for assessing food addiction in community samples of adolescents. Future research should evaluate the measure in clinical samples and investigate the association between food addiction and restrained eating over the lifespan.
The generalized predictive control of bacteria concentration in marine lysozyme fermentation process
Authors: Zhu Xianglin , Zhu Ziyan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDue to the high degree of strong coupling and nonlinearity of marine lysozyme fermentation process, it is difficult to accurately model the mechanism. In order to achieve real‐time online measurement and effective control of bacterial concentration during fermentation, a generalized predictive control method based on least squares support vector machines is proposed. The particle swarm optimization least squares support vector machine (PSO‐LS‐SVM) model of lysozyme concentration is established by optimizing the regularization parameters and the kernel parameters of the least squares support vector machine by particle swarm optimization. To avoid the nonlinear problems in predictive control, the model is linearized at each sampling point and the generalized predictive algorithm is used to predict the bacteria concentration of lysozyme. The experimental simulation shows that the least squares support vector machine model with particle swarm optimization can achieve good prediction effect. The linearized model performs generalized predictive control, which makes the total activity of the enzyme increased from 60% to 80% and the yield improved by 30%.