bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Roboter im Gesundheitsbereich
Authors: Bendel Oliver 
Published: November 2018

ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Beitrag geht auf unterschiedliche Roboter im Gesundheitsbereich ein, auf Operations-, Therapie- und Pflegeroboter. Es werden die Ziele, Aufgaben und Merkmale geklärt, und es findet eine Diskussion aus ethischer Sicht statt, wobei teilweise im doppelten Sinne vergleichbare Fragen gestellt (und teilweise unterschiedliche Antworten gegeben) werden. Am Ende soll deutlich werden, wie sich das Gesundheitswesen durch den Einsatz der neuen Assistenten und Akteure verändert, welche Implikationen und Konsequenzen dieser hat, für den Einzelnen, für die Gesellschaft und für einschlägige Einrichtungen, und welche Möglichkeiten für einen Betroffenen bestehen, sich für die eine oder andere Option zu entscheiden.
Umsorgen, überwachen, unterhalten – sind Pflegeroboter ethisch vertretbar?
Authors: Kreis Jeanne 
Published: November 2018

ZusammenfassungVon einer Maschine hochgehoben, gewaschen, bedient, überwacht und unterhalten werden? Ein Roboter, der Menschen daran erinnert, Tabletten zu schlucken, genügend Flüssigkeit aufzunehmen oder mit ihnen über einen Monitor Gedächtnisspiele spielt? Der Gedanke, im Alter von einem Pflegeroboter betreut zu werden oder Nahestehende maschinell umsorgen zu lassen, ist für viele befremdlich. Dennoch ist die Entwicklung von Pflegerobotern in vollem Gange. Der vorliegende Beitrag behandelt den Einsatz von Pflegerobotern aus ethischer Perspektive und weist dabei anhand konkreter Robotertypen auf Hürden der Pflegerobotik hin. Neben Einwänden wie dem Kontaktverlust thematisiert das Papier unter anderem den Einsatz von Pflegerobotern hinsichtlich der bewussten Täuschung älterer pflegebedürftiger Personen sowie der Menschenwürde. Anhand der vorgebrachten Argumente wird dargelegt, welchen moralischen Ansprüchen Pflegeroboter gerecht werden müssen und wie der Einsatz künstlicher Systeme in einem menschzentrierten Bereich wie der Pflege trotz ethischer Bedenken legitimiert werden kann.
Robotik in der Gesundheitsversorgung: Hoffnungen, Befürchtungen und Akzeptanz aus Sicht der Nutzerinnen und Nutzer
Authors: Becker Heidrun 
Published: November 2018

ZusammenfassungUm den steigenden Versorgungsbedarf im Gesundheitsbereich bei gleichzeitigem Mangel an Fachkräften zu sichern, wird zunehmend auch auf den Einsatz von Robotik gesetzt. Eine breite Vielfalt an Geräten wird dabei für verschiedene Nutzergruppen und Anwendungssituationen entwickelt. Die Geräte wecken einerseits Hoffnungen, aber auch Befürchtungen bei nichtprofessionellen und professionellen Nutzergruppen. Ob ein Roboter von Nutzenden tatsächlich akzeptiert wird, hängt von zahlreichen Faktoren ab. Die Aussagen in diesem Beitrag beruhen auf Literatur, eigenen Befragungen im Rahmen der Studie zur Technologiefolgenabschätzung für TA-SWISS in 2011–2012 (Becker et al., Robotik in Betreuung und Gesundheitsversorgung. vdf Hochschulverlag, Zürich, 2013) und verschiedenen Diskussionen mit Gesundheitspersonal, Expertinnen und Experten und Betroffenen im Rahmen von Vorträgen und Podiumsdiskussionen.
Erfahrungen aus dem Einsatz von Pflegerobotern für Menschen im Alter
Authors: Früh Michael , Gasser Alina 
Published: November 2018

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag beschreibt die Erfahrungen bei der Entwicklung, Erprobung und Kommerzialisierung von Pflegerobotern aus Sicht der Firma F&P Robotics AG. Vorbehalte gegenüber dem Einsatz von Robotik in der Pflege sind noch immer weit verbreitet. Die Haltung von F&P ist es, dass nicht das Ersetzen von Mitarbeitern, sondern die sinnvolle Zusammenarbeit von Mensch und Roboter gefördert werden soll. F&P ist ein Pionier in den Bereichen Personal- und Pflegerobotik und testet derzeit den Einsatz von Robotern in Alten- und Pflegeheimen. Im ersten Teil des Beitrags werden verschiedene Serviceroboter von F&P beschrieben und deren Einsatzbereiche und Nutzen erläutert. Im Rahmen einer Masterarbeit der Universität Basel wurde eine Studie bezüglich der Akzeptanz älterer Menschen gegenüber Pflegerobotern durchgeführt. Die Resultate werden im zweiten Teil präsentiert.
Topologically twisted indices in five dimensions and holography
Authors: Hosseini Seyed Morteza , Yaakov Itamar , Zaffaroni Alberto 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe provide a formula for the partition function of five-dimensional$$ \mathcal{N}=1 $$N=1gauge theories on ℳ4×S1, topologically twisted along ℳ4in the presence of general background magnetic fluxes, where ℳ4is a toric Kähler manifold. The result can be expressed as a contour integral of the product of copies of the K-theoretic Nekrasov’s partition function, summed over gauge magnetic fluxes. The formula generalizes to five dimensions the topologically twisted index of three- and four-dimensional field theories. We analyze the largeNlimit of the partition function and some related quantities for two theories:$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 2 SYM and the USp(2N) theory withNfflavors and an antisymmetric matter field. For ℙ1×ℙ1×S1, which can be easily generalized to$$ {\varSigma}_{{\mathfrak{g}}_2}\times {\varSigma}_{{\mathfrak{g}}_1}\times {S}^1 $$Σg2×Σg1×S1, we conjecture the form of the relevant saddle point at largeN. The resulting partition function for$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 2 SYM scales asN3and is in perfect agreement with the holographic results for domain walls in AdS7×S4. The largeNpartition function for the USp(2N) theory scales asN5/2and gives a prediction for the entropy of a class of magnetically charged black holes in massive type IIA supergravity.
Introduction to the Special Issue on Female Migration to ISIS
Authors: Viano Emilio C. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTerrorism, while not new in the history of humanity, has become a major issue and
challenge for contemporary society worldwide. Recently it has become embodied and symbolized
by the “Islamic State in Iraq and Syria” (ISIS) in its many permutations in the Middle East,
the focus of massive military intervention on the part of major world powers and of study,
analysis, strategy and planning. One aspect that has distinguished ISIS from previous
terrorist movements is a major migration of women, especially but not limited to Western
Europe, joining the jihad proclaimed by the religious leaders of ISIS. This
introduction to the special issue on Female Migration to ISIS surveys and identifies the
known possible roots of the phenomenon and related issues, summarizes major known points
relative to it, and outlines the future agenda of work, not only academic but also practical
and strategic, to be followed. Balanced recommendations on how to build a promising
intervention strategy not only based on military force are put forth for consideration and
discussion. While based on research, this article should be considered more of an editorial,
generally introducing the field, summarizing existing work, especially the content of this
special issue, and pointing out work needed in the future.
Infection prevention in long-term care: re-evaluating the system using a human factors engineering approach
Authors: Katz Morgan Jane , Gurses Ayse P 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe emergence and spread of extensively multidrug-resistant organisms is a public health crisis, and long-term care settings have been identified as a reservoir for the cultivation of these organisms. Long-term care settings are now taking on increasingly ill residents with complicated medical problems, indwelling devices, and significant healthcare exposure, all of which are considered risk factors selecting for resistant organisms. Despite this, guidelines addressing infection prevention procedures in long-term care remain vague, and implementation of these guidelines is challenging, largely due to staff turnover, limited resources, knowledge gaps, and lack of organizational support. Human factors engineering approaches have emerged as an important innovation to address patient safety issues and develop interventions in the healthcare work system (ie, tools and technologies, tasks, organization, physical environment) that support human performance, which, in turn, lead to improvements in processes (eg, compliance with infection prevention guidelines) and outcomes (eg, reduced infection rates). We propose the concept of using the methods and approaches from the scientific field of human factors engineering to address the unique challenges of implementing infection prevention in the long-term care setting.
When elites polarize over polarization: Framing the polarization debate in Turkey
Authors: Aydın-Düzgit Senem , Balta Evren 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis article aims to explore the views of the Turkish elite on the state of polarization in Turkey. By identifying four political frames—namely, harmony, continuity/decline, conspiracy, and conflict—that selected Turkish political and civil society elites use in discussing the phenomenon of polarization in the country through their contributions to a workshop and in-depth qualitative interviews, the article finds that there is a considerable degree of polarization among the Turkish elite regarding their views on the presence of polarization in Turkey. Moreover, this overlaps with the divide between the government and the opposition in the country. An analysis of the justificatory arguments employed in constituting the aforementioned frames shows that, while those elites who deny the existence of polarization seek its absence in essentialist characteristics of society, in reductionist comparisons with history, or in internal/external enemies, those who acknowledge polarization’s presence look for its roots in political and institutional factors and processes. The article highlights how, given the denial of polarization by the pro-government elite and the substantial gap between the two camps’ justificatory narratives, the currently reported high rates of polarization in Turkey can, at best, be expected to remain as is in the near future, barring a radical change in political constellations.
Risk of non-affective psychotic disorder or bipolar disorder in autism spectrum disorder: a longitudinal register-based study in the Netherlands
Authors: Schalbroeck R. , Termorshuizen F. , Visser E. , van Amelsvoort T. , Selten J. P. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) appear to be at increased risk of non-affective psychotic disorder (NAPD) and bipolar disorder (BD). However, most previous studies examined the co-occurrence of ASD and NAPD or BD, ignoring possible diagnostic bias and selection bias. We used longitudinal data from Dutch psychiatric case registers to assess the risk of NAPD or BD among individuals with ASD, and compared the results to those obtained for the Dutch population in earlier studies.MethodsIndividuals with ASD (n = 17 234) were followed up between 16 and 35 years of age. Kaplan–Meier estimates were used to calculate the risk of NAPD or BD. We conducted separate analyses to reduce possible bias, including an analysis among individuals diagnosed with ASD before age 16 years (n = 8337).ResultsOf the individuals with ASD, 23.50% (95% confidence interval 21.87–25.22) were diagnosed with NAPD and 3.79% (3.06–4.69) with BD before age 35 years. The corresponding figures for the general population were 0.91% (0.63–1.28) and 0.13% (0.08–0.20). Risk estimates were substantially lower, but still higher than general population estimates, when we restricted our analyses to individuals diagnosed with ASD before age 16, with 1.87% (1.33–2.61) being diagnosed with NAPD and 0.57% (0.21–1.53) with BD before age 25 years. The corresponding figures for the general population were 0.63% (0.44–0.86) and 0.08% (0.05–0.12).ConclusionsIndividuals with ASD are at increased risk of NAPD or BD. This is likely not the result of diagnostic or selection bias.
A review of learning planning action models
Authors: Arora Ankuj , Fiorino Humbert , Pellier Damien , Métivier Marc , Pesty Sylvie 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAutomated planning has been a continuous field of study since the 1960s, since the notion of accomplishing a task using an ordered set of actions resonates with almost every known activity domain. However, as we move from toy domains closer to the complex real world, these actions become increasingly difficult to codify. The reasons range from intense laborious effort, to intricacies so barely identifiable, that programming them is a challenge that presents itself much later in the process. In such domains, planners now leverage recent advancements in machine learning to learn action models, that is, blueprints of all the actions whose execution effectuates transitions in the system. This learning provides an opportunity for the evolution of the model toward a version more consistent and adapted to its environment, augmenting the probability of success of the plans. It is also a conscious effort to decrease laborious manual coding and increase quality. This paper presents a survey of the machine learning techniques applied for learning planning action models. It first describes the characteristics of learning systems. It then details the learning techniques that have been used in the literature during the past decades, and finally presents some open issues.
Liberal Justice: Kant, Rawls and Human Rights
Authors: O’Neill Onora 
Published: November 2018

AbstractKant’s practical philosophy, Rawls’s theory of justice and contemporary human rights thinking are landmarks in liberal discussions of justice. Each forms part of a powerful tradition of political thought, and although their substantive accounts of justice diverge at many points, they also overlap in substantial ways. This article focuses not on their substantive claims about justice, or about other ethical standards, but on their differing views of thequestionsto be addressed, on their proposedjustificationsfor standards of justice, and on a limited range of questions aboutinterpretingandinstitutionalizingthose standards.
Effect of Growth Stage on Cotton Response to a Sublethal Concentration of Dicamba
Authors: Buol John T. , Reynolds Daniel B. , Dodds Darrin M. , Mills J. Anthony , Nichols Robert L. , Bond Jason A. , Jenkins Johnie N. , DuBien Janice L. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe introduction of auxin herbicide weed control systems has led to increased occurrence of crop injury in susceptible soybeans and cotton. Off-target exposure to sublethal concentrations of dicamba can occur at varying growth stages, which may affect crop response. Field experiments were conducted in Mississippi in 2014, 2015, and 2016 to characterize cotton response to a sublethal concentration of dicamba equivalent to 1/16X the labeled rate. Weekly applications of dicamba at 35 g ae ha−1were made to separate sets of replicated plots immediately following planting until 14 wk after emergence (WAE). Exposure to dicamba from 1 to 9 WAE resulted in up to 32% visible injury, and exposure from 7 to 10 WAE delayed crop maturity. Exposure from 8 to 10 and 13 WAE led to increased cotton height, while an 18% reduction in machine-harvested yield resulted from exposure at 6 WAE. Cotton exposure at 3 to 9 WAE reduced the seed cotton weight partitioned to position 1 fruiting sites, while exposure at 3 to 6 WAE also reduced yield in position 2 fruiting sites. Exposure at 2, 3, and 5 to 7 WAE increased the percent of yield partitioned to vegetative branches. An increase in percent of yield partitioned to plants with aborted terminals occurred following exposure from 3 to 7 WAE and corresponded with reciprocal decreases in yield partitioned to positional fruiting sites. Minimal effects were observed on fiber quality, except for decreases in fiber length uniformity resulting from exposure at 9 and 10 WAE.
High‐Resolution Observations and Tracking of a Dual‐Core Anticyclonic Eddy in the Algerian Basin
Authors: Garreau P. , Dumas F. , Louazel S. , Stegner A. , Le Vu B. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMesoscale dynamics in the Mediterranean Sea have been investigated for years, and anticyclonic eddies are regularly observed features in the Algerian Basin. Here we used the AMEDA eddy detection algorithm to track and monitor a particular anticyclonic eddy from its birth to its death. The analysis of remote sensing data sets (AVISO and sea surface temperature) revealed that this anticyclone split from an Algerian eddy, in October 2015, interacted with the North Balearic Front and merged 7 months later, in May 2016, with a similar Algerian eddy. In early spring 2016, a field experiment during the ProtevsMed 2016 cruise thoroughly investigated this eddy, when it was located near the North Balearic Front, taking high‐resolution (Seasoar) hydrological transects, several Conductivity‐Temperature‐Depth (CTD) casts, and Lowered Acoustic Doppler Profiler measurements. In addition, four drifting buoys were released in the eddy core. These in situ measurements revealed that the vertical structure of this anticyclone was made of two water lenses of very different origins (Atlantic Water above and Western Intermediate Water below) spinning together. In the vicinity of the North Balearic Front, which may act as a dynamical barrier to such oceanic structures, the eddy interacted with a subsurface anticyclonic eddy made of modal water, which fostered cross‐front exchanges generating filaments by stirring. The high‐resolution sampling revealed fine‐scale structures both adjacent to the eddy and within its core.
New Insights on Betic Cordillera Structure From Gas Geochemistry
Authors: Lix C. , Zuddas P. , Inguaggiato C. , Guichet X. , Benavente J. , Barbier M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe current lithospheric structure of the Betic Cordillera results from active geodynamic system related to slab retreat slowdown in western Mediterranean. A sharp change in lithospheric thickness has been imaged beneath the Betic Cordillera, potentially resulting from a near‐vertical subduction‐transform‐edge‐propagator fault toward the surface with possible mantle influx. In this study, we use helium isotopic composition of bubbling and dissolved gases in groundwater samples of the central part of the Betic Cordillera to evaluate the origin of gases and to set constraints on its lithospheric structure. We found that helium isotopic composition have a dominant radiogenic component with a mantle‐derived He contribution reaching mainly 1% for the investigated area. Estimation of He diffusion within the ductile crust indicates that this process is potentially to slow to explain the low mantle‐derived He contribution measured at the surface. A new analysis of the available data of the crustal metamorphic complexes allows us to suggest that the crust could be dissociated from the mantle with no evidence of asthenospheric influx. The weak mantle He signature could reflect a mantle material earlier incorporated in the crustal metamorphic complexes of the Betic Cordillera during their exhumation. In light of mass balance calculations, we propose that the slight 3He excess observed in the present‐day fluids might result from a fossil mantle signature diluted by local radiogenic production over time.
Radiogenic Sr and Stable C and O Isotopes Across Precambrian‐Cambrian Transition in Marine Carbonatic Phosphorites of Malyi Karatau (Kazakhstan)—Implications for Paleo‐environmental Change
Authors: Stammeier J. A. , Hippler D. , Nebel O. , Leis A. , Grengg C. , Mittermayr F. , Kasemann S. A. , Dietzel M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe Precambrian‐Cambrian (PЄ‐Є) transition is a unique period in Earth's history known for the “Cambrian Explosion.” Here we present a continuous radiogenic and stable isotope (87Sr/86Sr, δ13CVPDB, carb, and δ18OVPDB, carb) and elemental (including rare earth elements) record across the PЄ‐Є transition, preserved in phosphatic and carbonate shallow‐water deposits from two sections (Koksu and Kyrshabakty) in Kazakhstan. Microstructure, trace, and rare earth elements concentrations reflect near‐primary preservation. δ13CVPDB, carb data (−12.1‰ to 3.3‰) record formation conditions at a time of severe geodynamic changes. Negative δ13CVPDB, carb at the PЄ‐Є boundary resemble the Basal Cambrian Carbon Anomaly. Average δ18OVPDB, carb values of −11.7 ± 3.8‰ are suggested to represent near‐primary signals and can be explained by isotopically lighter past sea water and elevated temperature during precipitation compared to present‐day conditions. Initial 87Sr/86Sr of the carbonate and phosphate fraction are in the range of 0.7086–0.7112 at the Koksu section and 0.7082–0.7136 at the Kyrshabakty section. This is in general agreement with the seawater 87Sr/86Sr evolution during the Early Cambrian. In this study, we present a refined 87Sr/86Sr seawater evolution, highlighting an extreme positive Sr isotope excursion at the PЄ‐Є transition, which is suggested to be indicative for enhanced continental weathering and an increase in nutrient runoff into shallow ocean waters. This extreme geodynamic event may have served as a driving force for enhanced biologic activity in the lead up to the Cambrian Explosion, where phosphatic shallow‐water deposits from Kazakhstan constitute a valuable paleo‐environmental archive.
A Multivariate Probabilistic Framework for Tracking the Intertropical Convergence Zone: Analysis of Recent Climatology and Past Trends
Authors: Mamalakis Antonios , Foufoula‐Georgiou Efi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDue to its importance for water availability in the tropics and subtropics, efficient tracking of the seasonal and long‐term shifts of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) is of great value. Current approaches, which are based on tracking changes in the annual mean of single variables, ignore the intra‐annual dynamics, while more sophisticated methods are computationally intensive. Here we propose a new probabilistic framework to track the ITCZ, which is based on tracking the location of maximum precipitation and minimum outgoing longwave radiation in overlapping longitudinal windows. Our framework is seasonally and longitudinally explicit, allows for joint consideration of multiple variables to define the ITCZ, and is flexible in its implementation, thus, it can be used in analyses of different scales and scopes. We apply our framework to analyze the recent climatology of the ITCZ and report a southward trend in its location over central Pacific in the late twentieth century.
North Atlantic Versus Global Control on Dansgaard‐Oeschger Events
Authors: Dima M. , Lohmann G. , Knorr G. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe classic scenario for the generation of Dansgaard‐Oeschger (DO) events assumes a link to changes in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) induced by North Atlantic freshwater perturbations. Recent proxy data emphasize the existence of leads and lags between DO fingerprints in Greenland and Antarctic records, highlighting the potential of a Southern Hemisphere control on these events. Investigating this possibility, we provide a conceptual model resulting from phase space reconstructions based on the northern and southern ice core records. The resulting patterns closely resemble AMOC hysteresis, consistent with a northern abrupt warming linked to gradual global temperature changes. This suggests that rapid DO warmings associated with abrupt AMOC transitions from a relatively weak (cold stadial) state to a stronger (warm interstadial) state can be controlled by global forcing that can be linked to the Southern Hemisphere, rather than by the end of a local temporary forcing in the North Atlantic.