bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐objective robust fuzzy fractional order proportional–integral–derivative controller design for nonlinear hydraulic turbine governing system using evolutionary computation techniques
Authors: Piraisoodi Thiagarajan , Maria Siluvairaj Willjuice Iruthayarajan , Kappuva Mohaideen Abdul Kadhar 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe present paper proposes a novel multi‐objective robust fuzzy fractional order proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller design for nonlinear hydraulic turbine governing system (HTGS) by using evolutionary computation techniques. The fuzzy fractional order PID (FOPID) controller takes closed loop error and its fractional derivative as inputs and performs fuzzy logic operations. Then, it produces the output through the fractional order integrator. The predominant advantages of the proposed controller are its capability to handle complex nonlinear processes like HTGS in heuristic manner, due to fuzzy incorporation and extending an additional flexibility in tuning the order of fractional derivative/integral terms to enhance the closed loop performance. The present work formulates the optimal tuning problem of fuzzy FOPID controller for HTGS as a multi‐objective one instead of a traditional single‐objective one towards satisfying the conflicting criteria such as less settling time and minimum damped oscillations simultaneously to ensure the improved dynamic performance of HTGS. The multi‐objective evolutionary computation techniques such as non‐dominated sorting genetic algorithm‐II (NSGA‐II) and modified NSGA‐II have been utilized to find the optimal input/output scaling factors of the proposed controller along with the order of fractional derivative/integral terms for HTGS system under no load and load turbulence conditions. The performance of the proposed fuzzy FOPID controller is compared with PID and FOPID controllers. The simulations have been conducted to test the tracking capability and robust performance of HTGS during dynamic set point changes for a wide range of operating conditions and model parameter variations, respectively. The proposed robust fuzzy FOPID controller has ensured better fitness value and better time domain specifications than the PID and FOPID controllers, during optimization towards satisfying the conflicting objectives such as less settling time and minimum damped oscillations simultaneously, due to its special inheritance of fuzzy and FOPID properties.
Metabolic impacts of climate change on marine ecosystems: Implications for fish communities and fisheries
Authors: Carozza David A. , Bianchi Daniele , Galbraith Eric D. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimClimate change will reshape marine ecosystems over the 21st century through diverse and complex mechanisms that are difficult to assess quantitatively. Here, we characterize expectations for how marine community biomass will respond to the energetic consequences of changes in primary production and temperature‐dependent metabolic rates, under a range of fishing/conservation scenarios.LocationGlobal ocean.Time period1950–2100.Major taxa studiedCommercially harvested marine ectotherms (‘fish’).MethodsWe use a size‐structured macroecological model of the marine ecosystem, coupled with a catch model that allows for calibration with global historical data and simulation of fishing. We examine the four energetic mechanisms that, within the model framework, determine the community response to climate change: net primary production, phytoplankton cell size, and the temperature dependencies of growth and natural mortality.ResultsClimate change decreases the modelled global fish community biomass by as much as 30% by 2100. This results from a diminished energy supply to upper trophic levels as photosynthesis becomes more nutrient limited and phytoplankton cells shrink, and from a temperature‐driven increase of natural mortality that, together, overwhelm the effect of accelerated somatic growth rates. Ocean circulation changes drive regional variations of primary production, producing patterns of winners and losers that largely compensate each other when averaged globally, whereas decreasing phytoplankton size drives weaker but more uniformly negative changes. The climate impacts are similar across the range of conservation scenarios but are slightly amplified in the strong conservation scenarios owing to the greater role of natural mortality.Main conclusionsThe spatial pattern of climate impacts is mostly determined by changes in primary production. The overall decline of community biomass is attributed to a temperature‐driven increase of natural mortality, alongside an overall decrease in phytoplankton size, despite faster somatic growth. Our results highlight the importance of the competition between accelerated growth and mortality in a warming ocean.
The fission yeast Greatwall–Endosulfine pathway is required for proper quiescence/G0 phase entry and maintenance
Authors: Aono Soma , Haruna Yui , Watanabe Yo‐hei , Mochida Satoru , Takeda Kojiro 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCell proliferation and cellular quiescence/G0 phase must be regulated in response to intra‐/extracellular environments, and such regulation is achieved by the orchestration of protein kinases and protein phosphatases. Here, we investigated fission yeast potential orthologs (Cek1, Ppk18 and Ppk31) of the metazoan Greatwall kinase (Gwl), which inhibits type‐2A protein phosphatase with B55 subunit (PP2AB55) by phosphorylating and activating the PP2AB55 inhibitors, α‐endosulfine/ARPP‐19 (Ensa/ARPP‐19). Gwl and Ensa/ARPP‐19 regulate mitosis; however, we found Ppk18, Cek1 and Mug134/Igo1, the counterpart of Ensa/ARPP‐19, are not essential for normal mitosis but regulate nitrogen starvation (−N)‐induced proper G0 entry and maintenance. Genetic and biochemical analyses indicated that the conserved Gwl site (serine 64) was phosphorylated in the G0 phase in a Ppk18‐dependent manner, and the phosphorylated Mug134/Igo1 inhibited PP2AB55 in vitro. The alanine substitution of the serine 64 caused defects in G0 entry and maintenance as well as the mug134/igo1+ deletion. These results indicate that PP2AB55 activity must be regulated properly to establish the G0 phase. Consistently, simultaneous deletion of the B55 gene with mug134/igo1+ partially rescued the Mug134/Igo1 mutant phenotype. We suggest that in fission yeast, PP2AB55 regulation by the Ppk18‐Mug134/Igo1 pathway is required for G0 entry and establishment of robust viability during the G0 phase.
Pharmacy students’ opinions and experiences working on board the Transnet-Phelophepa Health Care Trains
Authors: Johnston Deanne M G , Truter Ilse , Irwin Yoland L , Naidoo Panjasaram , Coetzee Barbara C , Basson Willem D 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Objectives
The Transnet-Phelophepa Health Care Trains provide primary healthcare services to patients in under-resourced rural communities across South Africa. Selected final-year pharmacy students work on the trains for 1 week. The aim of the study was to determine the experiences and document the work-based activities of pharmacy students engaged in.

Methods
A hyperlink to an online questionnaire was sent to 106 pharmacy students from five Pharmacy Schools (70.75% response rate). Both closed- and open-ended questions were included. Data were captured in Excel.

Key findings
Respondents expressed that their motivation to volunteer to work on the train was threefold: they wanted to help the community, experience this unparalleled work environment, as well as having heard positive responses from previous volunteers. Students were exposed to a variety of pharmacy-related activities; however, the majority of their time was spent dispensing. Although less than half (n = 33) found it difficult to communicate with patients, almost all responded that the translator helped them communicate with patients. A few saw this as an opportunity to learn a new language. The pharmacy staff was described as approachable, knowledgeable and willing to teach. Most respondents agreed that they were able to apply their knowledge and skills whilst working on the train (mean 4.52 ± 0.93; n = 75).

Conclusions
Pharmacy students felt valued by the community and found it to be a rewarding experience while reporting to apply knowledge and information, improve their communication skills and work as part of a team.
The role of leader relationship quality in the development of employee fit perceptions
Authors: Badawy Rebecca L. , Gazdag Brooke A. , Brouer Robyn L. , Treadway Darren C. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDespite being a subject of scholarly inquiry for nearly a century, some components of person–environment fit remain enigmatic. This research seeks to explore the relational factors that are associated with employee identity and how this lens can provide explanatory factors that link leader–employee relationships to employee performance. Across a two‐study, multi‐rater constructive replication design, our results support the tenets of the identity theory that suggests the quality of the leader–employee relationships informs employees of their person–organization (PO) and person–job (PJ) fit, leading to higher performance. Across both the studies, high‐quality leader–employee relations (conceptualized as LMX and trust in leader) were related to higher levels of PO and PJ fit. Our results also indicate that PO and PJ fit uniquely drive higher levels of performance as rated by multiple constituents, helping delineate the impact of PO and PJ fit on work outcomes. Specifically, in Study One (N = 111), PJ fit mediated the relationship between LMX and leader‐rated performance, whereas in Study Two (N = 94), PO fit mediated the relationship between trust in leader and peer‐rated performance. This work provides preliminary support that leaders, through their relationships, can help shape employee fit perceptions and ultimately impact performance. Such knowledge can inform organizations and leaders, and emphasizes the formative role that leaders play in the organizational lives of their employees.
Chemically modified liposomes carrying TRAIL target activated hepatic stellate cells and ameliorate hepatic fibrosis in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Li Qinghua , Ding Youcheng , Guo Xinlai , Luo Shenggen , Zhuang Huiren , Zhou JingE , Xu Nan , Yan Zhiqiang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAt present, no satisfactory anti‐liver fibrosis drugs have been used clinically due to the poor targeting ability and short half‐life period. This study aimed to explore the effects of a new TRAIL (TNF‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand) preparation that can target aHSCs (activated hepatic stellate cells) on liver fibrosis and explain the possible underlying mechanism. Using our self‐made drug carrier pPB‐SSL that specifically targets aHSCs, recombinant human TRAIL (rhTRAIL) protein was embedded in (named as pPB‐SSL‐TRAIL) and applied to treat liver fibrotic mice as well as 3T3 fibroblast cells and aHSCs. Through in vitro and in vivo experiments, we found that, compared with the groups treated with TRAIL (free rhTRAIL) and SSL‐TRAIL (rhTRAIL capsulated within unmodified liposome), the group treated with pPB‐SSL‐TRAIL nanoparticles showed significantly lower cell viability and higher cell apoptosis in vitro. The targeting delivering system pPB‐SSL also significantly enhanced the anti‐fibrotic effect, apoptosis induction and long circulation of rhTRAIL. After the treatment with pPB‐SSL‐TRAIL, apoptosis of aHSCs was notably increased and hepatic fibrosis in mice was remarkably alleviated. In vitro, pPB‐SSL‐TRAIL nanoparticles were mainly transported and located on membrane or into cytoplasm, but the particles were distributed mainly in mouse fibrotic liver and most on the cell membrane of aHSCs. In conclusion, rhTRAIL carried by pPB‐SSL delivering system has prolonged circulation in blood, be able to target aHSCs specifically, and alleviate fibrosis both in vitro and in vivo. It presents promising prospect in the therapy of liver fibrosis, and it is worthwhile for us to develop it for clinical use.
Key genes and co‐expression network analysis in the livers of type 2 diabetes patients
Authors: Li Lu , Pan Zongfu , Yang Xi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe incidence of type 2 diabetes is increasing worldwide. Hepatic insulin resistance and liver lipid accumulation contributes to type 2 diabetes development. The aim of the present study was to investigate the key gene pathways and co‐expression networks in the livers of type 2 diabetes patients.Materials and MethodsDataset GSE15653 containing nine healthy individuals and nine type 2 diabetes patients was downloaded from the National Center for Biotechnology Information Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes were obtained from the livers of type 2 diabetes patients, annotated pathway enrichment and protein–protein interaction network analysis. Next, functional modules and transcription factor networks were constructed. Gene co‐expression networks were analyzed by weighted correlation network analysis to identify key modules related to clinical traits, and the candidate key genes were validated in hepatic insulin resistance models in vitro.ResultsA total of 778 differentially expressed genes were filtered in the livers of type 2 diabetes patients, pathway enrichment analysis identified ke y pathways, such as the mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling pathway, Hippo signaling pathway and hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 signaling pathway, that were associated with type 2 diabetes. Several transcription factors of three functional modules identified from protein–protein interaction networks are likely to be implicated in type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, weighted correlation network analysis identified five modules that were shown to be highly correlated with type 2 diabetes and other clinical traits. Functional annotation showed that these modules were mainly enriched in pathways such as metabolic pathways, phosphoinositide 3‐kinase‐protein kinase B signaling pathway and natural killer cell‐mediated cytotoxicity. UBE2M and GPER were upregulated in L02 and HepG2 models, whereas P2RY11 only upregulated in L02 model, and UBE2N only downregulated in HepG2 model at a significant level.ConclusionsThese results would offer new insights into hepatic insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes pathogenesis, development and drug discovery.
Regulatory Measures Expedited Hip Fracture Surgery Without Lowering Overall Patient Mortality
Authors: Schermann Haggai , Gurel Ron , Rotman Dani , Chechik Ofir , Sternheim Amir , Salai Moshe , Ben‐Tov Tomer , Kadar Assaf 
Published: December 2018

OBJECTIVESPrevious observational research has shown that elderly patients with hip fractures who are operated early (within 48 hours from admission) benefit from less short‐ and long‐term mortality compared to those operated later. The objective of this study was to present regulatory measures aimed at promotion of early hip fracture surgery and their effect on the rates of early surgery and on postoperative mortality.DESIGNRetrospective cohort.SETTINGSingle inner‐city medical center.PARTICIPANTSElderly patients with hip fractures operated during three time periods: 2006 to 2009 (n = 1735, no intervention), 2010 to 2013 (n = 2104, first intervention, positive reinforcement), and 2014 to 2016 (n = 1538, second intervention, positive and negative reinforcement).INTERVENTIONTwo regulatory measures were introduced consecutively: staff extra wages for afternoon operations (positive reinforcement) in 2010 and making early operation rates publicly available as the Ministry of Health Quality Care Indexes (negative reinforcement) in 2013.MEASUREMENTSPercentage of early surgeries and mortality at 1 month and 1 year postoperatively.RESULTSA total of 5377 patients (1595 men, 3782 women; mean age, 83.1 ± 7.2 years) underwent hip surgery between 2006 and 2016. The three study groups did not differ significantly in age on admission, sex, type of hip fracture (intracapsular or extracapsular), American Society of Anesthesiologists’ score, mean hemoglobin on admission, and mean socioeconomic status. The percentage of operations performed within 48 hours was 55%, 65%, and 85%, respectively (P < .001). One‐month mortality was 3.9%, 5.1%, and 5%, respectively (P > .05), and one‐year mortality was 19.2%, 18.7%, and 19.6%, respectively (P > .05).CONCLUSIONSManagement pressure on the staff to expedite hip surgery and avoid negative publicity in conjunction with additional wages for afternoon surgeries was successful at promoting earlier hip surgery. Despite the substantial increase in the rates of early surgery, however, mortality rates were not affected. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:777–783, 2019.
Long‐Run Inflation and the Distorting Effects of Sticky Wages and Technical Change
Authors: PHANEUF LOUIS , VICTOR JEAN GARDY 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe show that the Calvo price‐setting model is not necessarily inconsistent with evidence of a weak relation between positive trend inflation and price dispersion. We identify the interaction between sticky wages and technical change as factors disrupting the allocative role of the wage system under positive trend inflation. In turn, this interaction generates inefficient wage dispersion, as opposed to price dispersion, which fuels inflation costs. We conclude that it is too early to dismiss the New Keynesian model as a useful vehicle to assess the costs of inflation.
The partial equilibration of garnet porphyroblasts in pelitic schists and its control on prograde metamorphism, Glen Roy, Scotland
Authors: Dempster Tim J. , Gilmour Mairi I. , Chung Peter 
Published: December 2018

AbstractGarnet porphyroblasts in sillimanite‐bearing pelitic schists contain complex textural and compositional zoning, with considerable variation both within and between adjacent samples. The sillimanite‐bearing schists locally occur in regional Barrovian garnet zone assemblages and are indicative of a persistent lack of equilibrium during prograde metamorphism. Garnet in these Dalradian rocks from the Scottish Highlands preserves evidence of a range of metamorphic responses including initial growth and patchy coupled dissolution–reprecipitation followed by partial dissolution. Individual porphyroblasts each have a unique and variable response to prograde metamorphism and garnet with mainly flat compositional profiles co‐exists with those containing largely unmodified characteristic bell‐shaped Mn profiles. This highlights the need for caution in applying traditional interpretations of effective volume diffusion eliminating compositional variation. Cloudy garnet with abundant fluid inclusions is produced during incomplete modification of the initial porphyroblasts and these porous garnet are then particularly prone to partial replacement in sillimanite‐producing reactions. The modification of garnet via a dissolution–reprecipitation process releases Ca into the effective whole‐rock composition, displacing the pressure–temperature positions of subsequent isograd reactions. This represents the first report of internal metasomatism controlling reaction pathways. The behaviour of garnet highlights the importance of kinetic factors, especially deformation and fluids, in controlling reaction progress and how the resulting variability influences subsequent prograde history. The lack of a consistent metamorphic response, within and between adjacent schists, suggests that on both local and regional scales these rocks have largely not equilibrated at peak metamorphic conditions.
Use of shared milk among breastfeeding mothers with lactation insufficiency
Authors: Cassar‐Uhl Diana , Liberatos Penny 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSocial media platforms have facilitated the use of shared breast milk for infant feeding since 2010. This study aims to assess the prevalence of shared milk use among breastfeeding mothers with insufficient milk supply; and compare shared milk users with non‐users. Data were collected from breastfeeding mothers with low milk supply through an anonymous Internet‐based survey in 2013. Shared milk users were those who used shared milk for at least 10% of their infant's needs; the rest were considered non‐users. Chi‐square comparisons between these groups assessed reasons and information sources for supplementation options; breastfeeding and supplement choice satisfaction; and breastfeeding duration. One hundred thirty‐eight (29.1%) of 475 participants reported shared milk use. Healthfulness and reduced risk were most important to users (p < .001), whereas non‐users cited convenience and lack of knowledge about other options (p < .001). Users reported receiving information from medical/breastfeeding professionals and online discussion forums, whereas non‐users were more likely to not seek information about supplementation options. Users of shared milk were significantly more likely to provide breast milk at 6 months (59.3% vs. 39.6%, p = .001) and be satisfied with their supplementation choice (p < .001) compared with non‐users. For women with self‐reported lactation insufficiency, this study found that shared milk users were more likely to breastfeed longer, seek resources, identify healthful options, and report greater satisfaction with their supplementation choice than non‐users. Importantly, shared milk may play a role in achieving U.S. Healthy People 2020 targets for breastfeeding duration.
TFS and Spt4/5 accelerate transcription through archaeal histone‐based chromatin
Authors: Sanders Travis J. , Lammers Marshall , Marshall Craig J. , Walker Julie E. , Lynch Erin R. , Santangelo Thomas J. 
Published: December 2018

SummaryRNA polymerase must surmount translocation barriers for continued transcription. In Eukarya and most Archaea, DNA‐bound histone proteins represent the most common and troublesome barrier to transcription elongation. Eukaryotes encode a plethora of chromatin‐remodeling complexes, histone‐modification enzymes and transcription elongation factors to aid transcription through nucleosomes, while archaea seemingly lack machinery to remodel/modify histone‐based chromatin and thus must rely on elongation factors to accelerate transcription through chromatin‐barriers. TFS (TFIIS in Eukarya) and the Spt4–Spt5 complex are universally encoded in archaeal genomes, and here we demonstrate that both elongation factors, via different mechanisms, can accelerate transcription through archaeal histone‐based chromatin. Histone proteins in Thermococcus kodakarensis are sufficiently abundant to completely wrap all genomic DNA, resulting in a consistent protein barrier to transcription elongation. TFS‐enhanced cleavage of RNAs in backtracked transcription complexes reactivates stalled RNAPs and dramatically accelerates transcription through histone‐barriers, while Spt4–Spt5 changes to clamp‐domain dynamics play a lesser‐role in stabilizing transcription. Repeated attempts to delete TFS, Spt4 and Spt5 from the T. kodakarensis genome were not successful, and the essentiality of both conserved transcription elongation factors suggests that both conserved elongation factors play important roles in transcription regulation in vivo, including mechanisms to accelerate transcription through downstream protein barriers.