bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flexible Electrochemical Bioelectronics: The Rise of In Situ Bioanalysis
Authors: Yu You , Nyein Hnin Yin Yin , Gao Wei , Javey Ali 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe amalgamation of flexible electronics in biological systems has shaped the way health and medicine are administered. The growing field of flexible electrochemical bioelectronics enables the in situ quantification of a variety of chemical constituents present in the human body and holds great promise for personalized health monitoring owing to its unique advantages such as inherent wearability, high sensitivity, high selectivity, and low cost. It represents a promising alternative to probe biomarkers in the human body in a simpler method compared to conventional instrumental analytical techniques. Various bioanalytical technologies are employed in flexible electrochemical bioelectronics, including ion‐selective potentiometry, enzymatic amperometry, potential sweep voltammetry, field‐effect transistors, affinity‐based biosensing, as well as biofuel cells. Recent key innovations in flexible electrochemical bioelectronics from electrochemical sensing modalities, materials, systems, fabrication, to applications are summarized and highlighted. The challenges and opportunities in this field moving forward toward future preventive and personalized medicine devices are also discussed.
Room‐Temperature Cubic Phase Crystallization and High Stability of Vacuum‐Deposited Methylammonium Lead Triiodide Thin Films for High‐Efficiency Solar Cells
Authors: Palazon Francisco , Pérez‐del‐Rey Daniel , Dänekamp Benedikt , Dreessen Chris , Sessolo Michele , Boix Pablo P. , Bolink Henk J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMethylammonium lead triiodide (MAPI) has emerged as a high‐performance photovoltaic material. Common understanding is that at room temperature, it adopts a tetragonal phase and it only converts to the perfect cubic phase around 50–60 °C. Most MAPI films are prepared using a solution‐based coating process, yet they can also be obtained by vapor‐phase deposition methods. Vapor‐phase‐processed MAPI films have significantly different characteristics than their solvent‐processed analogous, such as relatively small crystal‐grain sizes and short excited‐state lifetimes. However, solar cells based on vapor‐phase‐processed MAPI films exhibit high power‐conversion efficiencies. Surprisingly, after detailed characterization it is found that the vapor‐phase‐processed MAPI films adopt a cubic crystal structure at room temperature that is stable for weeks, even in ambient atmosphere. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that by tuning the deposition rates of both precursors during codeposition it is possible to vary the perovskite phase from cubic to tetragonal at room temperature. These findings challenge the common belief that MAPI is only stable in the tetragonal phase at room temperature.
Enhanced Light Utilization in Semitransparent Organic Photovoltaics Using an Optical Outcoupling Architecture
Authors: Li Yongxi , Ji Chengang , Qu Yue , Huang Xinjing , Hou Shaocong , Li Chang‐Zhi , Liao Liang‐Sheng , Guo L. Jay , Forrest Stephen R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBuilding‐integrated photovoltaics employing transparent photovoltaic cells on window panes provide an opportunity to convert solar energy to electricity rather than generating waste heat. Semitransparent organic photovoltaic cells (ST‐OPVs) that utilize a nonfullerene acceptor‐based near‐infrared (NIR) absorbing ternary cell combined with a thin, semitransparent, high conductivity Cu‐Ag alloy electrode are demonstrated. A combination of optical outcoupling and antireflection coatings leads to enhanced visible transmission, while reflecting the NIR back into the cell where it is absorbed. This combination of coatings results in doubling of the light utilization efficiency (LUE), which is equal to the product of the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and the average photopic transparency, compared with a conventional semitransparent cell lacking these coatings. A maximum LUE = 3.56 ± 0.11% is achieved for an ST‐OPV with a PCE = 8.0 ± 0.2% at 1 sun, reference AM1.5G spectrum. Moreover, neutral colored ST‐OPVs are also demonstrated, with LUE = 2.56 ± 0.2%, along with Commission Internationale d'Eclairage chromaticity coordinates of CIE = (0.337, 0.349) and a color rendering index of CRI = 87.
Waterborne Fluorine‐Free Superhydrophobic Surfaces Exhibiting Simultaneous CO2 and Humidity Sorption
Authors: Baidya Avijit , Yatheendran Anagha , Ahuja Tripti , Sudhakar Chennu , Das Sarit Kumar , Ras Robin H. A. , Pradeep Thalappil 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRecent progress in the field of superhydrophobic materials has proven their potential to solve many problems of the contemporary society. However, the use of such materials to capture moisture and CO2 from air, to help reduce the impact of global climate change is not explored. In addition, most of the time, fabrication of these materials needs organic solvents and fluorinated molecules involving multiple steps that hinder the use of nonwettable materials in everyday life. Herein, a waterborne, fluorine‐free, robust superhydrophobic material synthesized at room temperature through a one‐step chemical‐modification process is reported, which exhibits moisture and CO2 capturing capability. While covalently grafted low surface energy hydrocarbon molecules control the bulk superhydrophobicity, the incorporated amine functionalities facilitate moisture and CO2 adsorption as these molecules (H2O and CO2) can easily diffuse through hydrocarbon assemblies. Being polar, H2O molecules are observed to readily interact with amine groups and favor the adsorption process. Synthesized material shows an approximate CO2 adsorption of 480 ppm (10.90 mmol L−1) in ambient conditions having 75% humidity. Multifunctionality along with durability of this material will help expand the applications of superhydrophobic materials.
Buoyancy Assisted Janus Membrane Preparation by ZnO Interfacial Deposition for Water Pollution Treatment and Self‐cleaning
Authors: Pan Tian‐Di , Li Zong‐Jie , Shou Da‐Hua , Shou Wan , Fan Jin‐Tu , Liu Xuqing , Liu Yong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWater pollution, such as marine oil spill and organic chemicals pollution, is a worldwide challenge. To advance this emerging field, Janus membranes with asymmetric wettability, for oil–water separation, similitude of diode in electrocircuit, are fabricated by leveraging the buoyancy of poly(vinylidene fluoride) nanofiber on water/air interface. ZnO nanowires are in situ grown on the surface of nanofibers immersed in the solution, mimicking a nanoscale Setaria viridis structure. Such Janus membrane shows a good hydrophilicity/underwater oleophobicity on ZnO nanowires modified side and exhibits opposite hydrophobicity on the other side. Due to the side‐specific morphologies, this membrane can work either as “water‐removing” type or “oil‐removing” type filter as a diode in fluid. The membrane shows excellent permeability with the water and oil flux up to 1210 and 7653 L m−2 h−1, respectively, only driven by gravity. The durability of functional membrane is excellent and separation efficiency is higher than 97.24% after ten cycling tests. Furthermore, the hydrophilic side demonstrates an excellent photocatalytic performance over the degradation of rhodamine B dye, as self‐cleaning properties. This Janus membrane is to be an excellent candidate for wastewater remediation, both oil/water separation and organic pollutant decomposition.
Superhydrophobic, Transparent, and Stretchable 3D Hierarchical Wrinkled Film‐Based Sensors for Wearable Applications
Authors: Sahoo Bichitra Nanda , Woo Janghoon , Algadi Hassan , Lee Jaehong , Lee Taeyoon 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThere is currently a high demand for smart wearable and flexible electronics for high‐sensitivity strain sensors with good transparency, stretchability, and water‐repellent characteristics. The demand for such devices, especially those that demonstrate superhydrophobicity, is constantly increasing because of their prospective wearable applications. A stretchable, superhydrophobic, and transparent polydimethylsiloxane/carbon nanotube strain sensor is fabricated by directly spraying a carbon nanotube solution onto a polydimethylsiloxane nanowrinkle substrate. Applying this coating not only provides many substrate materials with a superhydrophobic surface, but also responds to stretching, bending, and torsion—properties that benefit flexible sensor applications. The strain sensor shows high optical transparency (over 70%) and displays excellent superhydrophobicity (a water contact angle of 165 ± 2°). It shows a good response, with over 5000 stretching–relaxing cycles and 10 000 cycles with twisting angles from 0° to 20°, and is able to sense strain for stretching of up to 80%, bending of up to 140°, and rotation of up to 90°. These findings demonstrate the validity of this approach for fabricating transparent superhydrophobic materials with excellent stretchability and conductivity characteristics. Such materials show great potential for wearable devices to detect human motion, including large‐scale movements, without affecting the appearance of the device.
Time‐Resolved Terahertz Spectroscopy Studies on 2D Van der Waals Materials
Authors: Han Peng , Wang Xinke , Zhang Yan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOwing to the fascinating and technologically useful electronic and optical properties, 2D van der Waals (vdW) materials are viewed as the key component for the next‐generation optoelectronic, photovoltaic, and nanoelectronic devices. Fully understanding the ultrafast carrier dynamics in 2D vdW materials is essential to study the fundamental physics and realize potential applications. Time‐resolved terahertz (THz) spectroscopy is a powerful tool used to investigate the ultrafast carrier dynamics and transport properties in semiconducting materials. In recent years, the time‐domain THz spectroscopy measurements, with or without photoexcitation on samples, are widely used to investigate the carrier dynamics of 2D vdW materials. A brief summary on the recent progress of time‐domain THz spectroscopy studies on ultrafast dynamics processes is provided. These include exciton formation and relaxation processes in semiconducting 2D materials, the relaxation of hot electrons in graphene layers, the conductivity of 2D materials modulated by femtosecond laser pulses, and their related physical properties. Finally, the physical properties of 2D vdW materials observed using the time‐domain THz spectroscopy approach are highlighted and the future challenges for time‐resolved THz spectroscopy investigations on 2D vdW materials are presented.
Bonding and Antibonding Modes in Metal–Dielectric–Metal Plasmonic Antennas for Dual‐Band Applications
Authors: Domina Kateryna L. , Khardikov Vyacheslav V. , Goryashko Vitaliy , Nikitin Alexey Y. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractResonant optical antennas supporting plasmon polaritons (SPPs)—collective excitations of electrons coupled to electromagnetic fields in a medium—are relevant to sensing, photovoltaics, and light‐emitting devices, among others. Due to the SPP dispersion, a conventional antenna of fixed geometry, exhibiting a narrow SPP resonance, cannot simultaneously operate in two different spectral bands. In contrast, here it is demonstrated that in metallic disks, separated by a nanometric spacer, the hybridized antibonding SPP mode stays in the visible range, while the bonding one can be pushed down to the mid‐infrared range. Such an SPP dimer can sense two materials of nanoscale volumes, whose fingerprint central frequencies differ by a factor of 5. Additionally, the mid‐infrared SPP resonance can be tuned by employing a phase‐change material (VO2) as a spacer. The dielectric constant of the phase‐change material is controlled by heating the material at the frequency of the antibonding optical mode. These findings open the door to a new class of optoelectronic devices able to operate in significantly different frequency ranges in the linear regime, and with the same polarization of the illuminating wave.
Giant Electric Bias‐Induced Tunability of Photoluminescence and Photoresistance in Hybrid Perovskite Films on Ferroelectric Substrates
Authors: Ren Lixia , Wang Min , Guan Xinwei , Wang Shuanhu , Yan Hong , Zhang Zhan , Yuan Guoliang , Wu Tom , Jin Kexin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHybrid organic–inorganic perovskites represent the frontier of optoelectronic research due to their outstanding physical properties and remarkable photovoltaic performance. Despite the success of perovskite‐based photovoltaic devices, the investigation on tuning photoelectric properties of perovskites is still scarce. Here, giant modulations of photoluminescence (up to 91.3%) and photoresistance (up to 70.8%) are achieved in CH3NH3PbI3 films by applying an electric bias on single‐crystal ferroelectric Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.7Ti0.3O3 substrates. The results indicate that the electrostatic (converse piezoelectric) effect is predominant in thinner (thicker) film, resulting in rich optical and electronic tuning phenomena. This work integrates hybrid perovskites with piezoelectric platforms, paving the way toward solution‐processed piezophototronic and bias‐tunable optoelectronics.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of the “Breathing” Phase Transformation of MOF Nanocrystallites
Authors: Keupp Julian , Schmid Rochus 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe displacive phase transformation of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), referred to as “breathing,” is computationally investigated intensively within periodic boundary conditions (PBC). In contrast, the first‐principles parameterized force field MOF‐FF is used to investigate the thermal‐ and pressure‐induced transformations for non‐periodic nanocrystallites of DMOF‐1 (Zn2(bdc)2(dabco); bdc: 1,4‐benzenedicarboxylate; dabco: 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane) as a model system to investigate the effect of the PBC approximation on the systems' kinetics and thermodynamics and to assess whether size effects can be captured by this kind of simulation. By the heating of differently sized closed pore nanocrystallites, a spontaneous opening is observed with an interface between the closed and open pore phase moving rapidly through the system. The nucleation temperature for the opening transition rises with size. By enforcing the phase transition with a distance restraint, the free energy can be quantified via umbrella sampling. The apparent barrier is substantially lower than for a concerted process under PBC. Interestingly, the barrier reduces with the size of the nanocrystallite, indicating a hindering surface effect. The results demonstrate that the actual free energy barriers and the importance of surface effects for the transformation under real conditions can only be studied beyond PBC.
Toroidal Dipole Resonances in All‐Dielectric Oligomer Metasurfaces
Authors: Zhang Guanqiao , Lan Chuwen , Gao Rui , Wen Yongzheng , Zhou Ji 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDynamic toroidal multipoles have been attracting an increasing amount of attention, thanks to their unique electromagnetic properties. The concept bears great promises in the field of optical sensing as well as electromagnetic energy localization. Metal‐based structures with specific designs have been widely adopted to obtain toroidal responses. However, applications for such structures are often hindered by the significant intrinsic loss when it comes to optical frequencies. Here, several configurations of all‐dielectric metasurfaces, in which the meta‐molecules are composed of disk oligomers (trimer, quadrumer, pentamer, and hexamer), are proposed to support toroidal dipole resonances in the near‐infrared waveband when the polarization of the normally incident excitation plane wave is directed to one of the symmetry axes of the oligomers. Multipole expansion including the toroidal dipole term along with near‐field electromagnetic patterns confirms the existence of strong toroidal dipolar responses within certain wavelength ranges. This work would enrich the diversity of the all‐dielectric optical systems with toroidal dipole resonances.
Role of staging laparoscopy for gastric cancer patients
Authors: Fukagawa Takeo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractStaging laparoscopy (SL) is frequently carried out in patients with advanced gastric cancer. However, some clinical questions are being debated and consensus must be obtained. With this aim, a literature search of PubMed/MEDLINE was carried out using the keywords “gastric cancer,” “SL,” and “diagnostic laparoscopy”. Articles published online up to February 2019 were analyzed, focusing on the following questions. (i) What is an adequate indication for SL? (ii) How do you carry out SL? (iii) Does SL provide accurate information about peritoneal dissemination? (iv) Is the yield of SL different by tumor location? (v) Is SL a safe procedure? (vi) Is “repeat SL” needed? (vii) Does SL provide oncological benefit? Results provided the following responses: (i) In Western countries, clinically resectable advanced tumor is an indication for SL. Terms to be introduced for adequate indication include “location,” “type 4 (linitis feature),” “large tumor,” “equivocal computed tomography (CT] findings,” and “lymph node swelling”. (ii) Exploration of the entire peritoneal cavity is preferable. (iii) Detection rate of peritoneal disease is 43%‐52% in Japanese institutions and 7.8%‐40% in other countries. False‐negative findings during SL were 0%‐17%, and 10%‐13% when limited to cytology. (iv) Yield of SL was higher in gastric cancer compared with esophagogastric junctional tumor. (v) SL‐related complications were estimated to occur in 0.4%. (vi) Repeat SL is important after treatment. (vii) If the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for patients with P0CY1 is established, SL can provide oncological benefit. SL can be carried out safely and effectively. Considering the prevalence of neoadjuvant treatment, the role of SL will become more important.
Carbon molecular sieving membranes for butane isomer separation
Authors: Zhou Yingwu , Wang Yuecheng , Ban Yujie , Guo Ang , Yang Kun , Cao Na , Yang Weishen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMembrane‐based separations of hydrocarbon isomers are major challenges for the petrochemical industry. Herein, high quality carbon molecular sieving membranes (CMSMs) were prepared on γ‐alumina substrates from pyrolysis of P84 polymer membranes. Targeting at butane isomer separations, we tailored the slit‐like ultramicropores of CMSMs at angstrom level by rational manipulations of the pyrolysis temperature. The crack‐free CMSMs were obtained at 600°C with the narrow and uniform ultramicropores centered at 6.0 å. A clear molecular size/shape discrimination was achieved successfully and remarkable n‐butane permeance (384 GPU) and n‐butane/iso‐butane separation factor (74) was observed, which transcends the upper limit of well‐intergrown crystalline zeolite membranes. Fine‐tuning of the membrane thickness at sub‐micron level, the n‐butane permeance and n‐butane/iso‐butane separation factor were further optimized, which shows a great potential for petrochemical separation.
Study and modeling of the liquid–solid equilibrium of the KCl–KNO3–HCl–H2O system at 283.15 K
Authors: Wang Houpeng , Zhou Zhiyong , Qin Wei , Li Yigui , Fei Weiyang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this work, the liquid–solid equilibrium of the KCl–KNO3–HCl–H2O system at 283.15 K was investigated. To calculate the solubility product constants of KCl and KNO3 in HCl solution, the Pitzer equation was used to calculate the activity coefficient of the ionic species in aqueous solution. In addition, the thermodynamic model with the Pitzer equation was constructed to regress the temperature coefficient parameters for HCl and HNO3. The calculation and prediction of the KCl–KNO3–HCl–H2O system using the results of the regression confirmed that the regression was successful and the Pitzer equation was suitable. For the reaction KCl(s) + HNO3 → KNO3(s) + HCl, the equilibrium constant K can be obtained from the solubility product constants of KCl and KNO3. Eutectic points for the KCl–KNO3–HCl–H2O system were also predicted. These equilibrium data could be expressed by the triangular phase diagram. The process of the reaction to produce KNO3 could be explained through this triangular phase.
Continuous ion‐selective separations by shock electrodialysis
Authors: Conforti Kameron M. , Bazant Martin Z. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWater purification remains a challenge across sectors worldwide, especially the efficient removal of specific (toxic or valuable) dissolved ions at low salinity. In this article, shock electrodialysis (SED) is shown for the first time to have this capability, by demonstrating continuous separation of magnesium ions from aqueous mixtures of NaCl and MgCl2. By systematically measuring the composition of all input and output streams, the mechanisms that drive selectivity, current efficiency, and desalination are revealed, as well as strategies to improve performance. For solutions initially rich in sodium, highly selective (> 98%) continuous removal of magnesium can be achieved with only moderate (50–70%) total salt removal. This remarkable selectivity is associated with super‐diffusive ion transport, mediated by charged double layers in a porous glass frit, behind a steady deionization shockwave in cross flow.
A graphene oxide membrane with self‐regulated nanochannels for the exceptionally stable bio‐oil dehydration
Authors: Li Gang , Ma Shanhong , Yang He , Fan Shuanshi , Lang Xuemei , Wang Yanhong , Li Wentao , Liu Yuanzhi , Zhou Liang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe transport behaviors and nanochannel structures of a graphene oxide (GO) membrane were studied for pervaporation dehydration of bio‐oil with a high acidity and a complex composition. The GO membrane showed an unprecedentedly stable water flux of approximately 0.43 kg m−2 hr−1, with a water content of 97 wt% in the permeate throughout 70 hr of pervaporation testing at 30°C. Both the calculated activation energy for water permeation and X‐ray diffraction characterization results confirmed that the nanochannel structures of the GO membrane were temperature‐ and liquid media‐responsive. The molecular intercalation‐induced self‐regulation of the size of laminar nanochannels in the GO membrane was suggested to be primarily responsible for the significantly reduced membrane fouling and the exceptionally stable pervaporation performance for the GO membrane. The mechanistic insights into the nanochannel structures and antifouling properties would provide important inspiration for the design of novel highly fouling‐resistant membrane materials for practical applications.
Metabolic engineering of Bacillus subtilis for high‐titer production of menaquinone‐7
Authors: Yang Shaomei , Wang Yongping , Cai Zhigang , Zhang Guoyin , Song Hao 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMenaquinone‐7 (MK‐7) is a member of vitamin K2 used for prevention from osteoporosis and cardiovascular calcification. This study constructed Bacillus subtilis strains for high‐titer production of MK‐7 through metabolic engineering approaches. In B. subtilis, MK‐7 biosynthesis was categorized into five modules: glycerol dissociation pathway, shikimate pathway, pyrimidine metabolic pathway, methylerythritol phosphate pathway, and MK‐7 pathway. Overexpression of GlpK and GlpD (glycerol dissociation pathway) led to a ~10% increase in the MK‐7 titer. Deletion of the genes mgsA and araM increased the MK‐7 production by 15%. Furthermore, overexpression of AroGD146N (shikimate pathway), PyrGE156K (pyrimidine metabolic pathway), HepS (methylerythritol phosphate pathway), and VHb could also increase the MK‐7 titer. Finally, we obtained a recombinant strain BSMK_11 with simultaneous overexpressing the genes glpK, glpD, aroG
fbr, pyrG
fbr, hepS, vgb, and knockouting the genes mgsA and araM, and the MK‐7 titer reached 281.4 ± 5.0 mg/L (i.e., 12.0 mg/g DCW) in a 5 L fermenter.