bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic position of the fish genera Lobotes, Datnioides and Hapalogenys, with a reappraisal of acanthuriform composition and relationships based on adult and larval morphology
Authors: GILL ANTHONY C. , LEIS JEFFREY M. 
Published: October 2019

Lobotes, Datnioides and Hapalogenys are assigned to a newly defined Acanthuriformes on the basis of their pattern of tooth replacement (termed posterolateral tooth replacement), where new teeth form at the posterolateral ends of series. Posterolateral tooth replacement is shown to be a synamorphy of the order. The order is expanded to include Chaetodontidae, Pomacanthidae, Drepaneidae, Ephippidae, Leiognathidae, Antigonia, Scatophagidae and Capros, along with the more traditional members, Siganidae, Luvaridae, Zanclidae and Acanthuridae. Three-item analysis of 63 adult and larval morphological characters yields two optimal trees that differ only in the relative positions of Capros and Siganidae. The intersection tree of the two optimal trees is: (((Hapalogenys (Datnioides, Lobotidae)) (Pomacanthidae (Drepaneidae (Chaetodontidae (Ephippidae (Leiognathidae (Scatophagidae (Antigonia (Siganidae, Capros (Luvaridae (Zanclidae, Acanthuridae)))))))))))). This cladogram is compared with recent phylogenies based on analyses of sequence data, and few differences are found once the weakly-supported interior nodes of the latter are collapsed. Aside from expansion of the Acanthuriformes, the following classification changes are proposed in order to reflect the phylogenetic relationships: redefinition of the Lobotidae to include Lobotes, Datnioides and Hapalogenys; separate families for Antigonia and Capros (Antigoniidae and Caproidae, respectively); continued recognition of Drepaneidae (often considered a synonym of Ephippidae). The larvae of Capros aper are illustrated to show features overlooked in earlier descriptions.
A Coordinated Population Health Approach to Diabetes Education in Primary Care
Authors: Zupa Margaret F. , Arena Vincent C. , Johnson Patricia A. , Thearle Margaret B. , Siminerio Linda M. 
Published: October 2019

Purpose The purpose of this feasibility study was to determine the effectiveness of an insurer-based diabetes educator (DE)–driven intervention that relies on systematic restructuring of primary care (PC) linking DE services through population health, practice redesign, and coordinated care for patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) identified as high risk. Methods Two DEs were introduced as members of PC teams and worked with practice-based care managers (PBCMs) to identify and refer DM patients considered at high risk, A1C >9%, DM-related emergency room visit or hospitalization, or reported barriers to care. Elements shown to ensure quality, including population management, diabetes self-management education and support (DSMES), and coordinated patient-centered team-based PC, were central to intervention. A1C, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and body mass index (BMI) were collected at baseline and outcomes were followed at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after intervention. Results For patients who received intervention, A1C decreased on average 1.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8-1.5) from 9.6% (81 mmol/mol) to 8.4% (68 mmol/mol) over 6 months and by 1.1% (95% CI, 0.7-1.5) from 9.2% (77 mmol/mol) to 8.1% (65 mmol/mol) over 12 months, indicating durable improvement in glycemic control. There was no significant change in BMI, and LDL improvement observed at 9 months was lost by 12-month follow-up. Conclusion Findings support the feasibility of a DE-driven intervention for patients with DM at high risk through a coordinated PC approach that improves glycemic control. The feasibility and clinical outcome of this model warrant consideration of a fresh role for DEs in the complex environment of value-based care.
Impact Evaluation Using Analysis of Covariance With Error-Prone Covariates That Violate Surrogacy
Authors: Lockwood J. R. , McCaffrey Daniel F. 
Published: October 2019

Background: Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) is commonly used to adjust for potential confounders in observational studies of intervention effects. Measurement error in the covariates used in ANCOVA models can lead to inconsistent estimators of intervention effects. While errors-in-variables (EIV) regression can restore consistency, it requires surrogacy assumptions for the error-prone covariates that may be violated in practical settings. Objectives: The objectives of this article are (1) to derive asymptotic results for ANCOVA using EIV regression when measurement errors may not satisfy the standard surrogacy assumptions and (2) to demonstrate how these results can be used to explore the potential bias from ANCOVA models that either ignore measurement error by using ordinary least squares (OLS) regression or use EIV regression when its required assumptions do not hold. Results: The article derives asymptotic results for ANCOVA with error-prone covariates that cover a variety of cases relevant to applications. It then uses the results in a case study of choosing among ANCOVA model specifications for estimating teacher effects using longitudinal data from a large urban school system. It finds evidence that estimates of teacher effects computed using EIV regression may have smaller bias than estimates computed using OLS regression when the data available for adjusting for students’ prior achievement are limited.
The mGluR2/3 agonist LY379268 reverses NMDA receptor antagonist effects on cortical gamma oscillations and phase coherence, but not working memory impairments, in mice
Authors: Sokolenko Elysia , Hudson Matthew R , Nithianantharajah Jess , Jones Nigel C 
Published: October 2019

Background: Abnormalities in neural oscillations that occur in the gamma frequency range (30–80 Hz) may underlie cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Both cognitive impairments and gamma oscillatory disturbances can be induced in healthy people and rodents by administration of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAr) antagonists. Aims: We studied relationships between cognitive impairment and gamma abnormalities following NMDAr antagonism, and attempted to reverse deficits with the metabotropic glutamate receptor type 2/3 (mGluR2/3) agonist LY379268. Methods: C57/Bl6 mice were trained to perform the Trial-Unique Nonmatching to Location (TUNL) touchscreen test for working memory. They were then implanted with local field potential (LFP) recording electrodes in prefrontal cortex and dorsal hippocampus. Mice were administered either LY379268 (3 mg/kg) or vehicle followed by the NMDAr antagonist MK-801 (0.3 or 1 mg/kg) or vehicle prior to testing on the TUNL task, or recording LFPs during the presentation of an auditory stimulus. Results: MK-801 impaired working memory and increased perseveration, but these behaviours were not improved by LY379268 treatment. MK-81 increased the power of ongoing gamma and high gamma (130–180 Hz) oscillations in both brain regions and regional coherence between regions, and these signatures were augmented by LY379268. However, auditory-evoked gamma oscillation deficits caused by MK-801 were not affected by LY379268 pretreatment. Conclusions: NMDA receptor antagonism impairs working memory in mice, but this is not reversed by stimulation of mGluR2/3. Since elevations in ongoing gamma power and regional coherence caused by MK-801 were improved by LY379268, it appears unlikely that these specific oscillatory abnormalities underlie the working memory impairment caused by NMDAr antagonism.
Synbiotics for prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a probiotics strain-specific network meta-analysis
Authors: Fan Qiong-Li , Yu Xiu-Mei , Liu Quan-Xing , Yang Wang , Chang Qin , Zhang Yu-Ping 
Published: October 2019

Objective Probiotics may be efficacious in preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). The aim of this network meta-analysis (NMA) was to clarify the efficacy of different types of probiotics for preventing VAP. Methods This systematic review and NMA was conducted according to the updated preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis. A systematic literature search of public databases from inception to 17 June 2018 was performed. Results NMA showed that “ Bifidobacterium longum +  Lactobacillus bulgaricus +  Streptococcus thermophiles” was more efficacious than “ Ergyphilus” in preventing VAP (odds ratio: 0.15, 95% confidence interval: 0.03–0.94). According to pairwise meta-analysis, “ B. longum + L. bulgaricus +  S. thermophiles” and “ Lactobacillus rhamnosus” were superior to placebo in preventing VAP. Treatment rank based on surface under the cumulative ranking curves revealed that the most efficacious treatment for preventing VAP was “ B. longum +  L. bulgaricus +  S. thermophiles” (66%). In terms of reducing hospital mortality and ICU mortality, the most efficacious treatment was Synbiotic 2000FORTE (34% and 46%, respectively). Conclusions Based on efficacy ranking, “ B. longum +  L. bulgaricus +  S. thermophiles” should be the first choice for prevention of VAP, while Synbiotic 2000FORTE has the potential to reduce in-hospital mortality and ICU mortality.
Clinical characteristics of exposures to liquid laundry detergent packets
Authors: Banner W , Yin S , Burns MM , Lucas R , Reynolds KM , Green JL 
Published: October 2019

Introduction: Our objective was to describe the characteristics of liquid laundry detergent packet (LDP) exposures and to develop referral and treatment recommendations. Methods: This retrospective cohort study investigated LDP exposures reported to the National Poison Data System from January 1, 2013 through June 30, 2014. Three medical toxicologists reviewed the most significant exposures ( n = 450). Results: Of 17,857 reported LDP exposures, 13,307 involved only an LDP (no other substance) and were followed to a known medical outcome. The median age was 2 years (range 12 days to 100 years). Approximately 10% of exposures reported a major or moderate effect. The most common symptom was vomiting (51.7%; n = 6875), but stridor or aspiration pneumonia and respiratory depression secondary to central nervous system effects also occurred. Two pediatric and two adult deaths occurred, but no causal mechanism leading to death could be identified in any of the deaths. Conclusions: LDPs occasionally produce a toxidrome of vomiting, stridor, hypoxia, and sedation with metabolic acidosis and respiratory failure. These symptoms and the availability of LDPs highlight the need for referral and treatment recommendations and efforts to minimize unintentional exposures. Review of data from US poison centers may provide referral and treatment recommendations that improve patient outcomes.
Making the World of Difference: a service user-led education programme reshaping the learning environment in psychiatry
Authors: Newton-Howes Giles , Gordon Sarah , Fedchuk Dasha 
Published: October 2019

Objective: To describe the implementation of a service user-led learning programme implemented within the education of undergraduate medical students and psychiatric registrars. Conclusion: This programme has the potential to impact on the learning of those early in their medical career and future consultant psychiatrists. Ongoing research will help to explain the reach and depth of the programme and the elements of greatest benefit.
Ocular complications of Garcinia cambogia extract diet pills: Case report
Authors: Cho Hyun-kyung , Han Yong Seop , Park Jong Moon 
Published: October 2019

Background: Garcinia cambogia contains hydroxycitric acid. Hydroxycitric acid is a potent competitive inhibitor of adenosine triphosphate citrate lyase which is a key enzyme in the synthesis of fatty acids. Hydroxycitric acid also regulates the level of serotonin. In these regards, hydroxycitric acid has been reported to exhibit weight loss activity. Adverse reactions of G. cambogia from numerous clinical studies demonstrated relatively mild reactions. However, there are some complications of G. cambogia reported in the past: acute liver injury, acute hepatitis, and hepatic failure. However, ocular complications of G. cambogia have not been reported yet. Case presentation: A 35-year-old female visited our clinic with decreased vision in the left eye and ocular pain in both eyes for the last 6 days. She also complained of headache, dizziness, and nausea. She had taken G. cambogia extract more than the recommended dose. There was myopic shift with anterior chamber shallowing in both eyes, especially in the left eye. Moreover, swelling and retinal folds of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer and macula were observed in both eyes. These ocular complications of G. cambogia extract resolved after discontinuation of the extract and topical and oral steroid treatment. Herein, we report the first case of ocular complications of G. cambogia extract diet pill assessed with optical coherence tomography of optic disk and macula along with dual Scheimpflug analyzer. Conclusion: It is necessary that physicians dealing with obesity advice patients about possible visual disturbance of this extract when taken in overdose so that they can see an ophthalmologist immediately.
Outcome of surgery in neck of femur fracture patients with poor pre-fracture mobility
Authors: Mallick Arijit , Jehan Shah , Omonbude Daniel 
Published: October 2019

Background: Hip fractures are common with a UK incidence of over 70,000 cases and total healthcare costs of over £2 billion per year. Mortality rates of 10% at 30 days and up to 30% at 1-year have been reported. We wanted to assess the outcome of hip fracture surgery in patients with reduced pre-fracture mobility as this has not been exclusively studied previously. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 168 hip fracture patients with reduced pre-fracture mobility (wheelchair bound, bed bound, walking with 2 aids or a frame) who underwent hip fracture surgery at our institution between 2008 and 2013 using case notes, discharge letters, outpatient clinic letters and laboratory test results. Measured outcomes included 30-day renal, cardiac and respiratory morbidity as well as 30-day and 1-year mortality. Results: Our study comprised 27% males and 73% females with a mean age of 82 years. The 30-day chest infection, acute renal failure and acute coronary syndrome rates were 26%, 7.7% and 4% respectively. In those patients who were either wheelchair or bed bound, 30-day and 1-year mortality rates were 11.8% and 52% respectively whereas in those who could mobilise with the help of 2 aids or frame, 30-day and 1-year mortality rates were 4.34% and 39.70% respectively. Conclusion: Our study highlighted increased 30-day and 1-year morbidity and mortality rates following hip fracture surgery with notable high rates of respiratory and renal complications in patients with reduced pre-fracture mobility. We would recommend pre- and postoperative optimisation with orthogeriatric review, chest physiotherapy and intravenous fluid hydration to reduce complication rates and improve morbidity and mortality.
The Silencing of SFRP2 Expression in ESCC Is Due to Methylation of the Gene Promoter
Authors: Liu Qian , Zhou Ya-Xing , Hui-Wang  , Li Qiao-Xin , Wu Miao , Ma Yu-Qing 
Published: October 2019

Objective: Our aim of the study was to investigate the expression level and methylation status of the secreted frizzled-related protein 2 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and to evaluate the clinical utility of the marker. Material and Methods: We first used Immunohistochemistry (ICH) to explore the expression level of secreted frizzled-related protein 2 protein in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissues and adjacent normal tissues and then used methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction and bisulfite sequencing polymerase chain reaction to detect methylation status of secreted frizzled-related protein 2. Results: Secreted frizzled-related protein 2 expression was notably reduced in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, whereas methylation of secreted frizzled-related protein 2 was increased in the majority of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma specimens. Conclusion: Sum up, we have demonstrated the abnormal DNA hypermethylation, causing reduced or absent gene expression. Methylation testing of secreted frizzled-related protein 2 using epigenetic marker may be a significative screening method for patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Intravesical Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG is safe and well tolerated in adults and children with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction: first-in-human trial
Authors: Groah Suzanne L. , Rounds Amanda K. , Ljungberg Inger H. , Sprague Bruce M. , Frost Jamie K. , Tractenberg Rochelle E. 
Published: October 2019

Background: Urinary symptoms are common for people with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD). No nonprescription approach has been proven safe and effective for self-management of urinary symptoms. Our objective was to describe the safety and tolerability of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ( LGG®) instilled intravesically for self-management of inflammatory urinary symptoms in adults and children with NLUTD due to spinal cord injury or disease (SCI/D) and who use intermittent catheterization (IC). Methods: A total of 103 individuals with SCI/D enrolled in an 18-month study consisting of three 6-month stages: baseline (weekly observation of urinary symptoms); intervention (self-instilled intravesical LGG® in response to more cloudy or foul-smelling urine); and washout (weekly observation of urinary symptoms). Urinary symptoms were assessed using the Urinary Symptom Questionnaire for people with neurogenic bladder using intermittent catheters (USQNB-IC). Safety was based on serious adverse events and adverse events (S/AEs) and trends in symptoms. Tolerability was defined as the independence of AE experience and willingness to use/pay for this intervention. Results: A total of 74 (77%) adults and 6 (86%) of children completed the study, of whom 64 instilled LGG® for a total of 357 instillations (range 1–41 per person). There were 59 S/AEs, 44% (26/59) of which were categorized as infectious genitourinary. There was no statistical relationship between S/AEs and use or dose of the intervention. Conclusions: One or two doses of self-instilled intravesical LGG® in response to more cloudy or foul-smelling urine was safe and well tolerated among this sample of adults and children with SCI/D who have NLUTD and use IC.
Assessing equity in the distribution of hospital beds: evidence from northern Iran
Authors: Ebrahimzadeh Javad , Merati Zahra , Hedayati Zafarghandi Mahsa , Rajabi Ghasem , Ezati Asar Mohamad , Sahranavard Veshareh Zahra , Sotodeh Manesh Sam , Delpasand Mansoor 
Published: October 2019

Objective: To assess equity in the distribution of hospital beds in northern Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the degree of equity by using 2016 census data from 16 cities in Guilan province. The hospital beds include burns, intensive care unit, coronary care unit and neonatal intensive care unit beds. We analysed the general status and explored its distribution equity by using the Theil index. Findings: We found that Rezvanshahr and Masal had no hospital beds. The utilisation gap was positive only in Rasht, as capital of the province. Neonatal intensive care unit beds were only found in Rasht and Lahijan. Rasht was shown to have a positive gap in using burns, intensive care unit and coronary care unit beds, with a negative gap of 14.68 in coronary care unit beds. The other 15 cities did not have such hospital beds. For intensive care unit, coronary care unit and neonatal intensive care unit beds, nearly 8%, 2% and 14% of cities were deprived of being equipped with these hospital beds, respectively. The highest positive gap and the lowest negative gap were attributed to coronary care unit beds. In the province, there were 0.057 burns beds, 0.137 intensive care unit beds, 0.381 coronary care unit beds and 0.72 neonatal intensive care unit beds per 10,000 population (neonatal intensive care unit beds, per 1000 neonates). In 11 out of 16 cities, the number of coronary care unit beds per 10,000 population was higher than the provincial average. The highest inequality in distribution was shown to be for burns beds (0.8), neonatal intensive care unit beds (0.75), intensive care unit beds (0.55) and coronary care unit beds (0.21), respectively. Conclusion: This study revealed high inequalities in the distribution of hospital beds in northern Iran. The local and national policy-makers should design and implement a comprehensive monitoring and evaluation system for tracking and allocating healthcare resources, both qualitatively and quantitatively, which appears to be very necessary to increase the equity in access to healthcare services.
Safety evaluation of intravenous immunoglobulin in pediatric patients: a retrospective, 1-year observational study
Authors: Elajez Reem , Ezzeldin Asmaa , Gaber Hossamaldein 
Published: October 2019

Background: Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is a pooled human plasma protein that has shown efficacy in treating a variety of disorders. IVIG is generally well tolerated and has a good safety profile. There are various IVIG products available on the market, which results in differences in efficacy and safety profile. The aim of this study was to assess the safety profile of IVIG use in pediatric patients and its association with other predicted factors. Methods: Retrospective chart review study of all pediatric patients who received IVIG as an inpatient at Hamad General Hospital in Qatar during 2014. The occurrence of adverse drug reactions (ADR) was tested for any association with other predicted factors, such as patient age, IVIG dose, brand, and adherence to infusion protocol. Results: A total of 345 IVIG prescriptions were received by pediatric patients during the study period. Most common documented side effects were: fever (5.8%), chills (2.6%), and headache (2%). Renal insufficiency was observed only in six cases, with five of those in ‘Risk’ category according to RIFLE criteria. A hypersensitivity reaction was documented in seven patients, despite being premedicated with paracetamol and/or diphenhydramine and following the infusion protocol. None of the predicted factors were found to be significantly associated with ADR incidence except IVIG brand. Conclusions: IVIG generally has a good safety profile in pediatric patients, with low risk of severe ADR. More studies are needed to evaluate the correlation between ADR and IVIG formulation, taking into account other factors that may affect results.
DNA methylation identifies genetically and prognostically distinct subtypes of myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Reilly Brian , Tanaka Tiffany N. , Diep Dinh , Yeerna Huwate , Tamayo Pablo , Zhang Kun , Bejar Rafael 
Published: October 2019

Key PointsTargeted DNAm profiling of MDS patient bone marrow mononuclear cells identifies several distinct DNAm clusters. Clusters enrich for specific genetic lesions and show differences in survival independent of clinical prognostic scoring systems..
Myeloablative vs reduced intensity T-cell–replete haploidentical transplantation for hematologic malignancy
Authors: Solomon Scott R. , St. Martin Andrew , Shah Nirav N. , Fatobene Giancarlo , Al Malki Monzr M. , Ballen Karen K. , Bashey Asad , Bejanyan Nelli , Bolaños Meade Javier , Brunstein Claudio G. , DeFilipp Zachariah , Champlin Richard E. , Fuchs Ephraim J. , Hamadani Mehdi , Hematti Peiman , Kanakry Christopher G. , McGuirk Joseph P. , McNiece Ian K. , Ciurea Stefan O. , Pasquini Marcelo C. , Rocha Vanderson , Romee Rizwan , Patel Sagar S. , Vasu Sumithira , Waller Edmund K. , Wingard John R. , Zhang Mei-Jie , Eapen Mary 
Published: October 2019

Key PointsDisease-free survival is higher with myeloablative regimens for patients in their third to fifth decade. Beyond the fifth decade, low-dose total body irradiation regimens offset mortality associated with transplant procedure.