bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Treat-to-Target Update in Ulcerative Colitis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ungaro Ryan , Colombel Jean-Frédéric , Lissoos Trevor , Peyrin-Biroulet Laurent 
Published: March 2019

OBJECTIVES:
In 2015, the Selecting Therapeutic Targets in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (STRIDE) program proposed shifting the therapeutic focus on ulcerative colitis (UC) toward altering the natural history of the disease course by regularly monitoring objective measurements of disease activity and tailoring treatment accordingly. The therapeutic paradigm shift was well received in the research community and is often cited. However, new evidence on optimal UC treatment targets continues to accumulate since the time of the STRIDE guidelines. This systematic review summarizes the evidence accrued since the STRIDE UC recommendations, discusses the barriers for adoption of treat-to-target approaches in clinical practice in UC, and suggests directions for future research.

METHODS:
We systematically reviewed MEDLINE for studies from the time of the STRIDE systematic review up to March 31, 2018, that assessed the potential treatment targets identified by the STRIDE recommendations.

RESULTS:
Each potential treatment target literature search returned > 200 articles, which were then reviewed by 2 independent investigators for relevant studies. Selected studies of clinical factors, patient-reported outcomes, endoscopy, histology, imaging, and biomarkers and implications on treatment targets are summarized.

CONCLUSIONS:
It appears that the relative weight given to different therapeutic targets in the development and improvement of UC treatments could be optimized, with an increased emphasis on endoscopic and histological targets over clinical or symptomatic targets. For this evolution to occur, however, new research has to demonstrate that the treat-to-target approach will deliver on the promise of better long-term outcomes compared with current approaches.
Efficacy of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Xu Dabo , Chen Vincent L. , Steiner Calen A. , Berinstein Jeffrey A. , Eswaran Shanti , Waljee Akbar K. , Higgins Peter D.R. , Owyang Chung 
Published: March 2019

OBJECTIVES:
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal condition with a heterogeneous pathophysiology. An altered gut microbiome has been identified in some IBS patients, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been suggested to treat IBS. We performed meta-analyses and systematic review of available randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the efficacy of FMT in IBS.

METHODS:
We performed a systematic literature search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science. Selection criteria included RCTs of FMT vs placebo using FMT excipients or autologous FMT in IBS. Meta-analyses were conducted to evaluate the summary relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of combined studies for primary outcome of improvement in global IBS symptoms as measured by accepted integrative symptom questionnaires or dichotomous responses to questions of overall symptom improvement.

RESULTS:
Among 742 citations identified, 7 were deemed to be potentially relevant, of which 4 studies involving 254 participants met eligibility. No significant difference in global improvement of IBS symptoms was observed at 12 weeks in FMT vs placebo (RR = 0.93; 95% CI 0.48–1.79). Heterogeneity among studies was significant (I
2 = 79%). Subgroup analyses revealed benefits of single-dose FMT using colonoscopy and nasojejunal tubes in comparison with autologous FMT for placebo treatment (number needed to treat = 5, RR = 1.59; 95% CI 1.06–2.39; I
2 = 0%) and a reduction in likelihood of improvement of multiple-dose capsule FMT RCTs (number needed to harm = 3, RR = 0.54; 95% CI 0.34–0.85; I
2 = 13%). Placebo response was 33.7% in nonoral FMT RCTs and 67.8% in capsule FMT RCTs. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation quality of the body of evidence was very low.

DISCUSSION:
Current evidence from RCTs does not suggest a benefit of FMT for global IBS symptoms. There remain questions regarding the efficacy of FMT in IBS as well as the lack of a clean explanation on the discrepant results among RCTs in subgroup analyses.
Detection of Gluten in Gluten-Free Labeled Restaurant Food: Analysis of Crowd-Sourced Data
Authors: Lerner Benjamin A. , Phan Vo Lynn T. , Yates Shireen , Rundle Andrew G. , Green Peter H.R. , Lebwohl Benjamin 
Published: March 2019

INTRODUCTION:
Adherence to a gluten-free (GF) diet is the mainstay of therapy for celiac disease. Until now, those wishing to avoid gluten in restaurants had to rely on menu labels, word of mouth, intuition, and restaurant workers' advice, with a relative dearth of supporting data. We used crowd-sourced data from users of a portable gluten detection device to estimate rates of, and identify risk factors for, gluten contamination of supposed GF restaurant foods.

METHODS:
We analyzed data from a portable gluten detection device (Nima), collected across the United States during an 18-month period by users who opted to share the results of their point-of-care tests. Data were sorted by region, time of day, median household income in the restaurant's vicinity, restaurant genre, and food items. We used the χ2 test for bivariate analysis and multiple logistic regression for multivariate analysis to identify predictors of gluten detection in restaurant food.

RESULTS:
There were 5,624 tests, performed by 804 users, in the examined period. Gluten was detected in 32% of GF labeled foods. Rates of gluten detection differed by meal, with 27.2% at breakfast and 34.0% at dinner (P = 0.0008). GF labeled pizza and pasta were most likely to test positive for gluten, with gluten detected in 53.2% of pizza and 50.8% of pasta samples. On multivariate analysis, GF labeled food was less likely to test positive for gluten in the West than in the Northeast United States (odds ratio 0.80; 95% confidence interval 0.67–0.95).

CONCLUSIONS:
This study of crowd-sourced data suggests that a substantial fraction of GF labeled restaurant foods contain detectable gluten. Although the highly sensitive Nima device may detect gluten at levels <20 parts per million (ppm), leading to gluten exposure of unknown clinical significance, our findings raise a potential concern. In addition, our findings of higher rates of gluten detection in pizza and pasta provide practical data when providing dining strategies for patients with celiac disease.
Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis: Benefit or Risk?
Authors: Gonzalez Stevan A. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is associated with risk of acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF). Current guidelines recommend primary and secondary antibiotic prophylaxis for patients with cirrhosis and ascites who are at risk of a first episode and to prevent recurrence, respectively. Factors associated with prophylaxis failure leading to SBP, ACLF, and increased mortality are not well established. Gram-positive and multidrug-resistant organisms have become more frequently associated with SBP, particularly in the setting of ACLF. Efforts to understand how long-term antibiotic therapy may affect individual risk of SBP in this population will be critical to developing optimal preventive strategies.
Metodología de diseño electrónico aplicado en circuito detector de agua
Authors: Díaz Montealegre Leidy Catherine , López Téllez Alexander 
Published: March 2019

Con la metodología de diseño de circuitos electrónicos en el laboratorio se crea en los aprendices un interés por observar y explorar como pequeños científicos las características de la electrónica análoga y digital, teniendo como principio fundamental el reconocimiento teórico y matemático de la ley de Ohm, los teoremas y principios de diferentes científicos como Nikola Tesla, Thomas Edison y Georg Simon Ohm, guiados de un facilitador en el planteamiento, desarrollo y solución del problema para poder crear prototipos o productos de ciencia, tecnología e innovación con metodologías de investigación. Este artículo muestra el diseño, la construcción de circuitos electrónicos análogo-digitales y los procedimientos que realizan para obtener información experimental, enfocado en el proyecto denominado “Detector de humedad” que permite, como su nombre lo indica, detectar la humedad mediante la comprobación de continuidad eléctrica y cortocircuito, es decir, cuando viajan gran cantidad de electrones en el circuito está detectando la variable humedad y esto hace que el flujo de voltaje y corriente circule con facilidad para brindar un sonido en el parlante o prender un led.
Stabilitätsgesicherte Stellgrößenbegrenzungsstrategie für beliebige zeitdiskrete PI-Zustandsregler bei linearen zeitinvarianten Systemen
Authors: Nuß Uwe 
Published: March 2019

Zusammenfassung
Im Beitrag wird für lineare, zeitinvariante, zeitdiskrete und stabile Regelstrecken beschrieben, wie zwei bekannte Zustandsraumverfahren zur Windup-Vermeidung so miteinander kombiniert werden können, dass dadurch für sämtliche PI-Zustandsregler Strecken- und Regler-Windup verhindert wird, sofern diese Regler im unbegrenzten Fall stabil sind. Zurückgegriffen wird hierbei auf das „Additional Dynamic Element“ (ADE) von Hippe zur Vermeidung von Strecken-Windup [Hippe, P.: Windup in control – Its effects and their prevention, 2006; at – Automatisierungstechnik, 2007], dessen Übertragung auf zeitdiskrete Systeme im Beitrag kurz skizziert wird, sowie auf das Verfahren der Führungsgrößenkorrektur [Nuß, U.: at – Automatisierungstechnik, 2017] zur Vermeidung von Regler-Windup. Das vorgestellte Kombinationsverfahren setzt für die jeweilige Regelstrecke lediglich die Einbeziehung eines bereits existierenden P-Zustandsreglers voraus, der Strecken-Windup vermeidet. Die Bereitstellung eines möglichst einfachen und dennoch nicht allzu einschränkenden Kriteriums zur Überprüfung, ob ein P-Zustandsregler diese Eigenschaft besitzt, ist ebenfalls ein Anliegen des Beitrags. Diesbezüglich wird auf der Basis einer geeigneten Ljapunow-Funktion ein hinreichendes Kriterium angegeben, das umfassender ist als das in [Nuß, U.: at – Automatisierungstechnik, 2017] verwendete. Ein Beispiel aus der elektrischen Antriebstechnik demonstriert die Leistungsfähigkeit der vorgestellten Methode.
A General Method to Study the Co-Existence of Different Hybrid Synchronizations in Fractional-Order Chaotic Systems
Authors: Ouannas Adel , Bendoukha Samir , Karouma Abdulrahman , Abdelmalek Salem 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Referring to incommensurate fractional-order systems, this paper proposes a new type of chaos synchronization by combining full state hybrid function projective synchronization (FSHFPS) and inverse full state hybrid function projective synchronization (IFSHFPS). In particular, based on stability theory of linear integer-order systems and stability theory of linear fractional-order systems, the co-existence of FSHFPS and IFSHFPS between incommensurate fractional chaotic (hyperchaotic) systems is proved. To illustrate the capabilities of the novel approach proposed herein, numerical and simulation results are given.
“How Dare You Have Another Relationship!”: An analysis of cross-cultural and interlanguage corrections
Authors: Lin Ming-Fang , Chang Miao-Hsia , Wang Yu-Fang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe present study aimed to examine the speech act of correction produced by Chinese, Americans, and Chinese EFL learners. A total of 120 participants were asked to fill in a questionnaire with two major parts: a Scaled Response Questionnaire (SRQ) and a Discourse Completion Task (DCT). Elicited data were analyzed in terms of three perspectives: perception of face-threat, overall correction strategy use, and the use of external modifications. The results showed some similarities and differences between Chinese and Americans’ corrections. As for the EFL learners, they exhibited their interlanguage development in the perception and overall strategy use. In addition, instances of L1 pragmatic transfer were found in the learners’ use of some individual strategies and external modifications. Learners’ interlanguage development and L1 socio-cultural transfer demonstrated the multi-competence of the learners. The present study suggests that further instruction should be implemented to enrich L2 learners’ pragmatic repertoire for successful ELF communication.
Problem solved? Absurdist humour and incongruity-resolution
Authors: Couder Olivier 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis article explores the role absurdist humour fulfils in the narrative structure of novels as well as its impact on the process of literary interpretation. Tracing the historical and philosophical roots of absurdist humour, the article emphasises the importance of the concept of incongruity. It then critically evaluates current and influential cognitive and linguistic theories of humour, specifically incongruity-resolution theories and their purported suitability for literary analysis. Drawing on schema-theory, the article examines a passage from Douglas Adams’sThe Restaurant at the End of the Universe(1980; henceforthThe Restaurant) and illustrates why literary humour cannot be analysed in the same manner as short, often specifically designed, joke texts as is common practice in most humour research. Subsequently, the traditional classification of absurdist humour as a type of humour where resolution cannot be achieved is also challenged as the analysis reveals how absurdist humour is part and parcel of the narrative structure ofThe Restaurantand how the incongruity is resolved at the moment of literary interpretation.
Reading against the text? Metarepresentation and patterns of subjectivity in the summarization of Henry James’s tales
Authors: Álvarez-Amorós José A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractInformed by cognitive narratology and specifically based on our metarepresentational ability, this paper explores how the subjectivity in Henry James’s tales is transferred to the summaries provided by critics for the orientation of readers. Since it enables real, and realistic, minds to process content along with sources and paths of propagation, the metarepresentational skill proves to be an essential instrument for discriminating in narrative texts the authenticated, source-free facts from those which are contingent on the subjective domains of characters and character-narrators. When for a number of reasons this skill is relaxed or altogether deactivated in the act of summarizing, the resulting product will betray the original work by projecting a distorted or reductive image of it, particularly in a writer like James who was increasingly concerned with imparting informational verisimilitude to his fiction. The treatment of metarepresentational sources in the summaries of James’s tales generates perplexing patterns, such as when the handling of sources in a summary contradicts the critic’s own conclusions elsewhere in his or her work. This clash yields insights into the authenticating function of the fictional text in connection with its cognitive rhetoric.
Construing and reconstruing the horrors of the trench: Siegfried Sassoon, creativity and context
Authors: Giovanelli Marcello 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCognitive Grammar has emerged in recent years to become an established analytical method in cognitive stylistics. Although one of its key affordances is that it provides a robust framework for analysing the different ways in which scenes can be depicted, researchers have yet to develop an account of how Cognitive Grammar can support a detailed analysis of authorial creativity. This paper aims to redress the balance by using Cognitive Grammar to examine the relationship between creativity and the unique situations that give rise to writing in a diary entry and two subsequent rewritings of that entry by the First World War poet and soldier Siegfried Sassoon. The paper combines ideas on contextual constraints with a text-driven, Cognitive Grammar-oriented analysis to demonstrate how a contextualized approach highlights the ways in which Sassoon’s writing is motivated by particular physical, social and cultural environments. These include the interaction with and reconfiguration of the material body within the physical setting of the military trench.
White blood cell counts, CRP, GGT and LDH in the elderly German population
Authors: Röhrig Gabriele , Becker Ingrid , Hagemeier Anna , Gutensohn Kai , Nebe Thomas 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundHematological abnormalities are frequently found in geriatric patients. However, little data is available on reference values for total blood cell counts in older patients. This study is focused on the analysis of reference values for white blood cell counts in aged persons ≥60 years.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study of outpatient laboratory data of 2015 from a German countrywide working laboratory company; inclusion criteria: age ≥60 years, parameters evaluated by the laboratory company between 1.1.2015 and 31.12.2015; exclusion criteria: glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <60 mL/min, lack of inclusion criteria; primary objective: mean leukocyte count; secondary objective: mean counts of lymphocytes, eosinophil, neutrophil and basophil leukocytes as well as platelets, C-reactive protein (CRP), γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in hematologically healthy persons aged ≥60 years.ResultsData of 30,611 persons aged ≥60 years were evaluated by age groups. Results for leukocytes, basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils and lymphocytes remained within the reference ranges recommended by the German Society of Hematology and Oncology (DGHO) and the German Association of Specialists in Internal Medicine (BDI); the lower reference limit for normal platelet values in males was below the DGHO reference value with 136,000/μL (confidence interval [CI] 129,000;142,000); similarly, our results for normal monocyte values were above the DGHO reference values with 6.0% (5.7;6.2) to 14.3% (13.9;14.8) in males and 5.4% (5.2;5.6) to 12.9% (12.6;13.4) in females; CRP, GGT and LDH values were above the BDI reference values, comparable with the previous data of a senior patient cohort analysis.ConclusionsAdaptation of reference values for selected laboratory parameters in older German patients should be well considered.
Crystal structure of (E)-2-(((6-bromopyridin-2-yl)methylene)amino)-3′,6′-bis(ethylamino)-2′,7′-dimethylspiro[isoindoline-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one—methanol (1:1), C32H30N5O2Br ⋅ CH4O
Authors: Xing Ai-Ping , Zeng Dai 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
C33H34N5O3Br, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 9.1179(2) Å, b = 9.3291(3) Å, c = 18.4706(6) Å, α = 91.187(3)°, β = 95.764(2)°, γ = 102.256(2)°, Z = 2, V = 1526.15(8) Å3, R
gt(F) = 0.0357, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0954, T = 105.7(5) K.
Relationship of thermodynamic data with Periodic Law
Authors: Vassiliev Valery P. , Lysenko Valery A. , Gaune-Escard Marcelle 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Relationships between the various physical and chemical properties of isostructural compounds take place according to the Periodic Table that is a fundamental basis of Chemistry. The systematization of this approach, data vs. the Periodic Table, will contribute to further development of the solid state chemistry theory. The lanthanides and the actinides make up the f block of the Periodic Table. The lanthanides are the elements produced as the 4f sublevel is filled with electrons and the actinides are formed while filling the 5f sublevel. In this paper, we analyze some classes of compounds formed by the lanthanides with other elements of the Periodic Table, which can count into the thousands of binary compounds. The special place of lanthanides in the Periodic System of Elements made it possible to establish strict nonlinear relationships between the standard entropy and the lanthanide atomic number of the compounds Ln
2
X
3 (X = O, S, Se, Te), LnN, LnB4, and LnF3 in the solid state. This relationship, based on tetrad-effect, can be applied to other physical and chemical properties of the isostructural compounds. The thermodynamic properties of actinides have been studied much less than lanthanides, but the similarity of physicochemical properties makes it possible for us to estimate, with sufficient accuracy, unexplored properties using fundamental laws. One of these laws is the tetrad-effect concept that is an effective tool to predict missing thermodynamic values for lanthanide and actinide compounds and to rationally plan experiments.
Carbohydrates and BODIPYs: access to bioconjugatable and water-soluble BODIPYs
Authors: Gomez Ana M. , Lopez Jose Cristobal 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFluorescent difluoroboron dipyrromethenes (BODIPYs), have been accessed in a one-pot synthetic operation from phthalides and pyrroles, a process that involvesO-ethylation of phthalides with Meerwein’s reagent (Et3OBF4) and reaction of the ensuing tetrafluoroborate salts with pyrrole, followed by treatment with BF3 · OEt2. These derivatives are endowed with aortho-hydroxymethyl 8-C-aryl group for further derivatization and/or conjugation to, among others, carbohydrates. The new conjugate derivatives benefit from the optimal characteristics of BODIPYs as fluorescent dyes, including in some instances water-solubility (in the case of conjugation to unprotected carbohydrates). The different kinds of BODIPY-carbohydrate derivatives are compounds of potential interest for biological studies.
Motion tracking glove for augmented reality and virtual reality
Authors: Minh Vu Trieu , Katushin Nikita , Pumwa John 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This project designs a smart glove, which can be used for motion tracking in real time to a 3D virtual robotic arm in a PC. The glove is low cost with the price of less than 100 € and uses only internal measurement unit for students to develop their projects on augmented and virtual reality applications. Movement data from the glove is transferred to the PC via UART DMA. The data is set as the motion reference path for the 3D virtual robotic arm to follow. APID feedback controller controls the 3D virtual robot to track exactly the haptic glove movement with zero error in real time. This glove can be used also for remote control, tele-robotics and tele-operation systems.
Studies on the radiolytic degradation of N,N-dioctyl-2-hydroxyacetamide using dynamic light scattering and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy
Authors: Prathibha T. , Selvan B. Robert , Venkatesan K. A. , Antony M. P. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The bulk extraction of Nd(III) from 4 M nitric acid medium was studied in a solution of N,N-di-octyl-2-hydroxyacetamide (DOHyA) in n-dodecane as a function of γ absorbed dose up to 750 kGy. The average size of reverse micellar aggregates in the irradiated and un-irradiated DOHyA samples after the extraction of Nd(III) was measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) spectroscopy. The effect of absorbed dose of γ radiation and concentration of Nd(III) in the organic phase on the aggregation behavior of DOHyA was investigated by DLS measurements and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. The data on irradiated and un-irradiated samples were compared. FT-IR analysis of the irradiated samples of DOHyA showed the formation of degradation products which were mainly identified as hydroxyacetic acid and primary or secondary amines.