bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A genome-wide association study identifies susceptibility loci for primary central nervous system lymphoma at 6p25.3 and 3p22.1: a LOC Network study
Authors: Labreche Karim , Daniau Mailys , Sud Amit , Law Philip J , Royer-Perron Louis , Holroyd Amy , Broderick Peter , Went Molly , Benazra Marion , Ahle Guido , Soubeyran Pierre , Taillandier Luc , Chinot Olivier L , Casasnovas Olivier , Bay Jacques-Olivier , Jardin Fabrice , Oberic Lucie , Fabbro Michel , Damaj Gandhi , Brion Annie , Mokhtari Karima , Philippe Cathy , Sanson Marc , Houillier Caroline , Soussain Carole , Hoang-Xuan Khê , Houlston Richard S , Alentorn Agusti ,   LOC Network, Moles-Moreau Marie-Pierre , Gressin Rémy , Delwail Vincent , Morschhauser Franck , Agapé Philippe , Jaccard Arnaud , Ghesquieres Hervé , Tempescul Adrian , Gyan Emmanuel , Marolleau Jean-Pierre , Houot Roch , Fornecker Luc , Stefano Anna-Luisa Di , Detrait Inès , Rahimian Amithys , Lathrop Mark , Genet Diane , Davi Frédéric , Cassoux Nathalie , Touitou Valérie , Choquet Sylvain , Vital Anne , Polivka Marc , Figarella-Branger Dominique , Benouaich-Amiel Alexandra , Campello Chantal , Charlotte Frédéric , Martin-Duverneuil Nadine , Feuvret Loïc , Kas Aurélie , Navarro Soledad , Villa Chiara , Bielle Franck , Chretien Fabrice , Tortel Marie Christine , Gauchotte Guillaume , Uro-Coste Emmanuelle , Godfrain Catherine , Rigau Valérie , Costopoulos Myrto , Garff-Tavernier Magalie Le , Meyronnet David , Rousseau Audrey , Adam Clovis , Lamy Thierry , Chabrot Cécile , Boyle Eileen M , Blonski Marie , Schmitt Anna 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundPrimary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare form of extra-nodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma. PCNSL is a distinct subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, with over 95% of tumors belonging to the diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) group. We have conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on immunocompetent patients to address the possibility that common genetic variants influence the risk of developing PCNSL.MethodsWe performed a meta-analysis of 2 new GWASs of PCNSL totaling 475 cases and 1134 controls of European ancestry. To increase genomic resolution, we imputed >10 million single nucleotide polymorphisms using the 1000 Genomes Project combined with UK10K as reference. In addition we performed a transcription factor binding disruption analysis and investigated the patterns of local chromatin by Capture Hi-C data.ResultsWe identified independent risk loci at 3p22.1 (rs41289586, ANO10, P = 2.17 × 10−8) and 6p25.3 near EXOC2 (rs116446171, P = 1.95 x 10−13). In contrast, the lack of an association between rs41289586 and DLBCL suggests distinct germline predisposition to PCNSL and DLBCL. We found looping chromatin interactions between noncoding regions at 6p25.3 (rs11646171) with the IRF4 promoter and at 8q24.21 (rs13254990) with the MYC promoter, both genes with strong relevance to B-cell tumorigenesis.ConclusionTo our knowledge this is the first study providing insight into the genetic predisposition to PCNSL. Our findings represent an important step in defining the contribution of common genetic variation to the risk of developing PCNSL.
A review of evidence supporting current strategies, challenges, and opportunities to reduce portion sizes
Authors: Almiron-Roig Eva , Forde Ciaran G , Hollands Gareth J , Vargas M Ángeles , Brunstrom Jeffrey M 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAlthough there is considerable evidence for the portion-size effect and its potential impact on health, much of this has not been successfully applied to help consumers reduce portion sizes. The objective of this review is to provide an update on the strength of evidence supporting strategies with potential to reduce portion sizes across individuals and eating contexts. Three levels of action are considered: food-level strategies (targeting commercial snack and meal portion sizes, packaging, food labels, tableware, and food sensory properties), individual-level strategies (targeting eating rate and bite size, portion norms, plate-cleaning tendencies, and cognitive processes), and population approaches (targeting the physical, social, and economic environment and health policy). Food- and individual-level strategies are associated with small to moderate effects; however, in isolation, none seem to have sufficient impact on food intake to reverse the portion-size effect and its consequences. Wider changes to the portion-size environment will be necessary to support individual- and food-level strategies leading to portion control.
Short-term Physiologic Consequences of Regional Pulmonary Vascular Occlusion in Pigs
Authors: Langer Thomas , Castagna Valentina , Brusatori Serena , Santini Alessandro , Mauri Tommaso , Zanella Alberto , Pesenti Antonio 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Editor’s Perspective

What We Already Know about This Topic

What This Article Tells Us That Is New

Background
Acute unilateral pulmonary arterial occlusion causes ventilation–perfusion mismatch of the affected lung area. A diversion of ventilation from nonperfused to perfused lung areas, limiting the increase in dead space, has been described. The hypothesis was that the occlusion of a distal branch of the pulmonary artery would cause local redistribution of ventilation and changes in regional lung densitometry as assessed with quantitative computed tomography.

Methods
In eight healthy, anesthetized pigs (18.5 ± 3.8 kg) ventilated with constant ventilatory settings, respiratory mechanics, arterial blood gases, and quantitative computed tomography scans were recorded at baseline and 30 min after the inflation of the balloon of a pulmonary artery catheter. Regional (left vs. right lung and perfused vs. nonperfused area) quantitative computed tomography was performed.

Results
The balloon always occluded a branch of the left pulmonary artery perfusing approximately 30% of lung tissue. Physiologic dead space increased (0.37 ± 0.17 vs. 0.43 ± 0.17, P = 0.005), causing an increase in Paco
2 (39.8 [35.2 to 43.0] vs. 41.8 [37.5 to 47.1] mmHg, P = 0.008) and reduction in pH (7.46 [7.42 to 7.50] vs. 7.42 [7.38 to 7.47], P = 0.008). Respiratory system compliance was reduced (24.4 ± 4.2 vs. 22.8 ± 4.8 ml · cm H2O−1, P = 0.028), and the reduction was more pronounced in the left hemithorax. Quantitative analysis of the nonperfused lung area revealed a significant reduction in lung density (−436 [−490 to −401] vs. −478 [−543 to −474] Hounsfield units, P = 0.016), due to a reduction in lung tissue (90 ± 23 vs. 81 ± 22 g, P < 0.001) and an increase in air volume (70 ± 22 vs. 82 ± 26 ml, P = 0.022).

Conclusions
Regional pulmonary vascular occlusion is associated with a diversion of ventilation from nonperfused to perfused lung areas. This compensatory mechanism effectively limits ventilation perfusion mismatch. Quantitative computed tomography documented acute changes in lung densitometry after pulmonary vascular occlusion. In particular, the nonperfused lung area showed an increase in air volume and reduction in tissue mass, resulting in a decreased lung density.
Intrafocal joystick technique for closed reduction and percutaneous fixation of late-presenting supracondylar fractures of the humerus
Authors: Rizk Ahmed Shawkat , Tabl Eslam Abdelshafy 
Published: May 2019

Background:
Pediatric supracondylar humeral fractures are common and challenging injuries. The preferred approach is early closed reduction and percutaneous pinning; however, this fails in up to 25% of patients, and conversion to open reduction, especially in late-presenting patients, has been reported in 3% to 46% of patients due to severe swelling or skin problems around the elbow. This study presents a reduction technique that uses a temporary intrafocal Kirschner wire to allow indirect and more effective manipulation of the distal fragment, facilitating closed reduction in difficult situations.

Methods:
This study retrospectively evaluated the results of an intrafocal joystick technique that was used to aid closed reduction in 15 patients with late-presenting, displaced supracondylar humeral fractures with unfavorable soft-tissue conditions around the elbow. The mean patient age was 6±2.7 yr and the mean injury-to-surgery interval (delay) was 4±2.7 days. Baumann’s angle, humerocapitellar angle, the anterior humeral line-capitellum relationship were used for radiographic evaluation of the initial reduction and throughout the follow-up that lasted for a mean of 9.4±3.6 mo. The functional and cosmetic outcomes were assessed according to Flynn’s criteria and the Mayo Elbow Performance Index.

Results:
None of the patients could be successfully treated with the standard method. The intrafocal joystick technique succeeded in achieving acceptable closed reduction in 12 of 15 patients; the remaining three patients required open reduction and internal fixation. All fractures united, and wires were removed at a mean of 5.4±1.6 wk. Functional range of motion was regained after a mean period of 7.2±3.5 wk, while full elbow range of motion was regained after a mean period of 12.2±3.5 wk. According to Flynn’s criteria and the Mayo Elbow Performance Index, all patients had an excellent result.

Conclusions:
The intrafocal joystick technique for closed reduction and percutaneous fixation of irreducible supracondylar fractures of the humerus in certain difficult situations can effectively and safely achieve satisfactory radiographic and functional outcomes and decrease the need for conversion to an open reduction. Open reduction and internal fixation are essential in some patients but should only be used after all techniques of closed reduction and percutaneous fixation have failed.

Level of Evidence:
Level III retrospective.
Parameters identifying the risk of treatment failure after cartilage repair: a proposed treatment algorithm and pilot study
Authors: Riyadh Hasan , Andjelkov Nenad , Wretenberg Per 
Published: May 2019

Background:
Cartilage defects often are treated with different techniques depending on the surgeon’s preferences and technical availability. A more systematic approach is therefore needed as a practical guide for surgeons regarding the choice of a suitable treatment for a particular patient.

Methods:
A retrospective descriptive study was done on 40 patients operated on with one of the following techniques: arthroscopic microfracture, periosteal transplantation and assisted matrix induced chondrogenesis (AMIC) technique. The average age of patients was 30.5 yr, with a minimum of 12 and a maximum of 54 yr. The average size of the injury was 2.67 cm2, with a minimum of 1 cm2 and a maximum of 6 cm2. The distribution of the injuries was as follows: trochlea 22.5%, medial femoral condyle 45%, patella 30%, and lateral femoral condyle 2.5%.

Results:
The proportion of patients who were not satisfied was 21% after 1-year follow-up. The proportion of reoperated patients was 12.5%. The proportion of patients operated on previously was 12.5%. The proportion of patients with multiple chondral defects was 7.5%. Younger patients fared better.

Conclusions:
Microfracture as the primary technique led to the most failures, but because of its simplicity and balanced clinical results, it should be used as the gold standard, especially in younger patients. Open techniques, AMIC, and periosteal transplantation should be reserved as second choice treatments after failure and as a first choice treatment for multiple lesions, larger defects, older patients, and for defects such as osteochondritis dissecans where there is a need for autologous cancellous bone transplantation.
Minimum Three-year Follow-up of Specific Functional Disabilities After Multilevel Lumbar Fusion
Authors: Park Jin-Sung , Lee Chong-Suh , Park Se-Jun , Lee Kyung-Joon , Yum Tae-Hoon 
Published: May 2019

Study Design.
Retrospective case-control study.

Objective.
To evaluate specific functional disabilities after short- and long-level lumbar fusion.

Summary of Background Data.
The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) cannot represent all types of functional disabilities observed after lumbar fusion and a region-specific Functional Disability Index (SFDI) is necessary.

Methods.
We examined the differences in postoperative functional disability between 81 patients who underwent ≥3-level lumbar fusion (group I) and 70 age- and sex-matched patients who underwent one- or two-level lumbar fusion (group II). The ODI and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were assessed pre- and postoperatively. The SFDI was assessed after lumbar fusion. We evaluated intergroup differences in postoperative VAS, ODI, and SFDI scores during 3-year follow-up. Each mean score was evaluated separately for the 10 ODI and the 12 SFDI items, and we evaluated the changes observed in these scores over the 3-year follow-up.

Results.
The mean intergroup preoperative ODI and VAS scores were similar. The mean postoperative intergroup VAS scores were similar; however, the mean postoperative ODI and SFDI scores were significantly higher in group I than in group II at 1-year (P<0.001, P<0.001, respectively) and 3-year follow-up (P = 0.037, P<0.001, respectively). Among 10 ODI items, group I showed significant disability with regard to six items at the 1-year follow-up compared with group II, but only showed significant disability with regard to one item at the 3-year follow-up. Among the 12 SFDI items, group I showed significant disability with regard to all 12 items at 1-year follow-up compared with group II, as well as significant disability with regard to nine items at 3-year follow-up.

Conclusion.
The SFDI is more sensitive than the ODI in assessing functional disabilities based on the levels of fusion. Most SFDI items indicated continued significant disability in patients with long-level lumbar fusion even 3 years postoperatively.

Level of Evidence: 3
Trends and Outcomes in Sepsis Hospitalizations With and Without Atrial Fibrillation: A Nationwide Inpatient Analysis
Authors: Desai Rupak , Hanna Bishoy , Singh Sandeep , Omar Ahmed , Deshmukh Abhishek , Kumar Gautam , Foreman Marilyn G. , Sachdeva Rajesh 
Published: May 2019

Objectives:
Atrial fibrillation is frequently seen in sepsis-related hospitalizations. However, large-scale contemporary data from the United States comparing outcomes among sepsis-related hospitalizations with versus without atrial fibrillation are limited. The aim of our study was to assess the frequency of atrial fibrillation and its impact on outcomes of sepsis-related hospitalizations.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
The National Inpatient Sample databases (2010–2014).

Patients:
Primary discharge diagnosis of sepsis with and without atrial fibrillation were identified using prior validated International Classification of Diseases, 9th Edition, Clinical Modification codes.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Overall, 5,808,166 hospitalizations with the primary diagnosis of sepsis, of which 19.4% (1,126,433) were associated with atrial fibrillation. The sepsis-atrial fibrillation cohort consisted of older (median [interquartile range] age of 79 yr [70–86 yr] vs 67 yr [53–79 yr]; p < 0.001) white (80.9% vs 68.8%; p < 0.001) male (51.1% vs 47.5%; p < 0.001) patients with an extended length of stay (median [interquartile range] 6 d [4–11 d] vs 5 d [3–9 d]; p < 0.001) and higher hospitalization charges (median [interquartile range] $44,765 [$23,234–$88,657] vs $35,737 [$18,767–$72,220]; p < 0.001) as compared with the nonatrial fibrillation cohort. The all-cause mortality rate in the sepsis-atrial fibrillation cohort was significantly higher (18.4% and 11.9%; p = 0.001) as compared with those without atrial fibrillation. Although all-cause mortality (20.4% vs 16.6%) and length of stay (median [interquartile range] 7 d [4–11 d] vs 6 d [4–10 d]) decreased between 2010 and 2014, hospitalization charges increased (median [interquartile range] $41,783 [$21,430–$84,465] vs $46,251 [$24,157–$89,995]) in the sepsis-atrial fibrillation cohort. The greatest predictors of mortality in the atrial fibrillation-sepsis cohort were African American race, female gender, advanced age, and the presence of medical comorbidities.

Conclusions:
The presence of atrial fibrillation among sepsis-related hospitalizations is a marker of poor prognosis and increased mortality. Although we observed rising trends in sepsis and sepsis-atrial fibrillation–related hospitalizations during the study period, the rate and odds of mortality progressively decreased.
Feasibility and Outcomes of the Early Start Denver Model Implemented with Low Intensity in a Community Setting in Austria
Authors: Holzinger Daniel , Laister Dominik , Vivanti Giacomo , Barbaresi William Joseph , Fellinger Johannes 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
To investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of early autism intervention with the Early Start Denver Model (ESDM) implemented with low intensity in a community service in Europe.

Methods:
Subjects were boys (n = 13, ages 34–54 months, mean age 43.3 months) consecutively diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder in a regional autism center in Austria. The subjects either received the ESDM intervention for 4.6 hours weekly over 12 months (n = 7) or intervention as usual (n = 6). Feasibility of the ESDM intervention was evaluated by parent and teacher questionnaires, ESDM fidelity measures, and therapists' feedback. Developmental status was assessed through standardized instruments (Mullen Scales of Early Learning [MSEL], Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales Second Edition, Communicative Development Inventory, Pervasive Developmental Disorder Behavior Inventory [PDDBI], Parenting Sense of Competence Scale) at baseline and after intervention.

Results:
The ESDM intervention was delivered with high fidelity (>80%) by a newly trained multiprofessional team. Acceptability by parents was rated as high. The ESDM was considered to be compatible with both family and preschool routines without any major adaptations. The ESDM group showed a trend toward improved receptive language (MSEL receptive language; p = 0.09, effect size [ES] = 0.72) and reduction in parent-reported core autism symptoms (PDDBI Autism Composite Score; p = 0.04; ES = 0.95). No such improvement was noted in the control group.

Conclusion:
Low-intensity implementation of the ESDM in a non–English-speaking community service context is feasible. Although outcomes from this small feasibility study should be interpreted with caution, our findings suggest a more favorable response to the ESDM intervention group compared with the control group.
Higher Prevalence of Abnormal Electrocardigrams (ECG) in African Americans Undergoing Screening ECG and Echocardiography
Authors: Movahed Mohammad Reza , Sattur Sudhakar , Bates Sharon 
Published: May 2019

Background:
African American (AA) has higher prevalence of abnormal electrocardigrams (ECG) in general population. However, the degree of these abnormalities in a healthy population undergoing screening echocardiography is not known. The goal of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of ECG abnormalities reported during screening echocardiography based on race.

Method:
The Anthony Bates Foundation has been performing screening across the United States for the prevention of sudden death since 2001. We evaluated a total of 633 participants with documented race and ECG for the presence of any abnormalities.

Results:
The age of the study population ranged between 6 and 75 years old. The prevalence of abnormal ECG in AA participant was 20.7% (12/58) versus 6.6% (38/578) in other races [odds ratio (OR), 3.70; confidence interval (CI), 1.8–7.58;
P
< 0.001]. Using multivariate analysis adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, left ventricular hypertrophy, and hypertension (systolic blood pressure >140 and diastolic blood pressure of >90), AA race remained independently associated with abnormal ECG (OR, 2.58; CI, 1.12–5.97; P = 0.02). Limiting our study only to teenagers (age, 13–19 years), AA race remained significantly associated with higher prevalence of ECG abnormalities [23.1% (12/58) of teenage AA had abnormal ECG vs. 7.5% (24/321) of other teenage races; OR, 3.71; CI, 1.36–10.11; P = 0.006]. After excluding benign ECG abnormalities such as sinus bradycardia and early repolarization, AA race remained significantly associated with higher prevalence of abnormal ECG (16.7% vs. 7.3%; OR, 2.52; CI, 0.998–6.39; P = 0.054).

Conclusions:
The prevalence of abnormal ECG is higher in AA race independent of echocardiographic abnormalities or demographics. However, some of these abnormalities appear to be related to sinus bradycardia and early repolarization.
Clinical Characteristics of Young Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction in a Racially Diverse Cohort
Authors: Zepeda Ignacio , Li Dan L. , Quispe Renato , Taub Cynthia C. 
Published: May 2019

Background:
Information on the clinical and echocardiographic characteristics of young patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction is scant, especially among racially diverse populations.

Methods:
Patients admitted to Montefiore Medical Center between 2000 and 2016 with heart failure and ejection fraction of <40% were categorized as young (18–39 years), middle-aged (40–64 years), and elderly (≥65 years). Multivariable Cox regression models were used to evaluate mortality risk.

Results:
A total of 1032 young, 8336 middle-aged, and 13,315 elderly patients were included. Median follow-up was 36 (14–69) months. The young group had more black individuals, lower socioeconomic scores, larger left ventricular chambers, but lower N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide levels (P < 0.001). Better survival outcomes were observed in the young compared to the middle-aged [hazard ratio (HR), 1.52; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.31–1.77] and elderly (HR, 3.19; 95% CI, 2.75–3.70). After multivariable adjustments, only β-blockers were associated with a significant reduction of mortality in young patients (HR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.22–0.51).

Conclusion:
In conclusion, young patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction have distinct demographic, clinical, and echocardiographic characteristics. They had lower socioeconomic status yet received more aggressive treatments and had lower mortality rates. Only β-blockers were associated with improved survival in young patients from our cohort.