bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preliminary approach for the surface electromyographical evaluation of the oral phase of swallowing
Authors: Dellavia C. , Rosati R. , Musto F. , Pellegrini G. , Begnoni G. , Ferrario V. F. 
Published: May 2018

SummarySwallowing is a muscular activity that occurs both after mastication and spontaneously as a result of saliva accumulation. Spontaneous saliva swallowing occurs about every 2 minutes. Comprehension of its functional mechanisms is relevant to assess their modification in clinical situations. A standardised surface electromyographical (ssEMG) protocol for the evaluation of this muscle activity is lacking. Aims of the present study are: (i) to determine the reproducibility of a ssEMG protocol for the evaluation of the oral phase of saliva swallowing and (ii) to evaluate the activity of masseter (MM), anterior temporalis (TA), submental muscles (SM) to draw a reference model of swallowing. Standardised surface electromyographical activity of MM, TA and SM during swallowing of saliva spontaneously accumulated was recorded in 20 healthy participants. Functional indexes including symmetry (POC), recruitment (Impact), duration of activation of each couple of muscles and of the whole exercise, position, intensity of the spike were computed. Inter‐ and intra‐appointment reliabilities were assessed and method errors calculated. Descriptive statistics, sex‐ and muscles‐related comparisons were carried out. Standardised surface electromyographical assessment of MM, TA and SM muscles was reliable. A high inter‐individual variability was found. Percentage overlapping coefficient (POC) values were close to 80% for TA and SM, higher than for MM (P < .001). Impact values ranged between 16.4% and 30.7%, and differences were found between muscles (P < .001). The global muscle activity during swallowing lasted between 1.5 and 1.8 seconds. For each couple of muscles, the duration of activation ranged between 0.7 and 1.6 seconds and muscles‐related differences were found (P < .001). The spike of activation for each couple of muscle ranged between 35.7% and 44.2% of the duration. The protocol was reliable and intra‐participants repeatable measures can be carried out. Due to the high inter‐participants variability, further analyses are needed to draw a model of muscular activity.
The expression of programed death ligand‐1 could be related with unfavorable prognosis in salivary duct carcinoma
Authors: Sato Fumihiko , Akiba Jun , Kawahara Akihiko , Naito Yoshiki , Ono Takeharu , Takase Yorihiko , Murata Kazuya , Abe Hideyuki , Yamaguchi Tomohiko , Miyoshi Hiroaki , Abe Yushi , Mihara Yutaro , Tanikawa Masahiko , Akashi Momoko , Kurose Hirofumi , Umeno Hirohito , Yano Hirohisa 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundSalivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is a rare tumor occurring in the salivary gland. SDC is a highly aggressive tumor and its prognosis is extremely poor. Effective treatments in advanced SDC have not yet been established. Recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors have paved the way for the treatment of various malignancies. We examined the expressions of programed death ligand (PD‐L) 1/PD‐L2 and programed death (PD‐1), and the correlation of clinicopathological findings.MethodsWe examined 18 cases of SDC and conducted immunohistochemical staining using formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded full‐face sections.ResultsThe expression of PD‐L1 and PD‐L2 in tumor cells was observed in nine cases (50%) and 14 cases (78%), respectively. Cases with a high expression of PD‐L1 and PD‐L2 were found in four (22%) and seven cases (39%), respectively. The cases with a high expression of PD‐L1 showed significantly shorter overall survival compared to those with low PD‐L1 expression and null expression. We also examined the expression of PD‐L1/PD‐L2 and PD‐1 of tumor‐infiltrating mononuclear cells (TIMC) in stroma. The expressions of PD‐L1 in tumor cells and stroma had a significant correlation. Association between the expressions of PD‐L1 in tumor cells and those of PD‐1 in stroma was significant. However, PD‐L2 expression in the tumor had no significant correlation with expression in TIMCs. PD‐L1, PD‐L2 and PD‐1 expressions in stroma were not associated with patient prognosis.ConclusionsHigh PD‐L1 expression in SDC was strongly associated with unfavorable prognosis, indicating that PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors could be effective in SDC.
Global public goods and unilateral matching mechanisms
Authors: Buchholz Wolfgang , Liu Weifeng 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWhile conventional agreements on international public goods require bilateral or multilateral cooperation, we show that unilateral action through matching mechanisms with a self‐commitment device can possibly generate Pareto‐improving outcomes. Even without commitment, unilateral matching may also benefit both players at corner situations. We further characterize the conditions under which this desirable outcome is achieved, particularly highlighting the role of the income distribution and its interplay with the preferences. Moreover, we propose a variant of unilateral matching that can generate Pareto‐improving outcomes regardless of the preferences and the income distribution, indicating that income inequality may not be an obstacle for improving public good provision through unilateral matching.
The health professional experience of using antipsychotic medication for dementia in care homes: A study using grounded theory and focussing on inappropriate prescribing
Authors: Almutairi Saleh , Masters Kate , Donyai Parastou 
Published: May 2018

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject

People with dementia can experience symptoms that upset them and upset the people who care for them

To cope, care homes sometimes use strong medicines called antipsychotics but these can make people with dementia become more ill

We do not know just why doctors and nurses caring for people with dementia still use these strong medicines more than they need to

What the paper adds to existing knowledge

Giving antipsychotics can make it easier to care for residents within busy care homes, so people tend to see and remember the benefits of antipsychotics

The harm of antipsychotics is noticed less, meaning carers will use them again, in a “vicious circle”

What are the implications for practice

If these medicines worked before it does not make them the right choice again

It might help to show carers very clearly the harms from using these medicines, to stress the dangers

AbstractIntroductionTreating the behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia with antipsychotics can cause detrimental side‐effects but their use in care homes remains problematic with the views of professionals not fully explored.Aim/questionTo develop an in‐depth explanatory model about inappropriate prescribing of antipsychotics in dementia within care homes.MethodsTwenty‐eight participants from eight different professional groups with a role in shaping treatment decisions in dementia care were recruited and interviewed. The audio‐recorded interviews were transcribed and analyzed using constructivist grounded theory.ResultsWhen patients with dementia present with behavioural and psychological symptoms, the prescribing of antipsychotics allows the multitude of work in a care home to be managed; the effectiveness of antipsychotics is more perceptible than their side‐effects. This perceived usefulness strengthens beliefs that these medications ought to be prescribed again in future situations, generating a self‐fulfilling prophecy.DiscussionOur findings may partly explain why the launch of the national dementia strategy in England has been found not to have reduced antipsychotic prescribing in care homes.Implications for practicePositive perceptions based on past experiences with antipsychotics should be challenged through future interventions that tackle inappropriate prescribing, for example using behaviour change techniques to better highlight adverse consequences of prescribing.
Collaborative writing with young people with disabilities: raising new questions of authorship and agency
Authors: Satchwell Candice 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHow an author communicates with a reader is a central consideration in the critical examination of any text. When considering the communication of ideas from young people whose voices are seldom heard, the journey from author to audience has particular significance. The construction of children and young people as ‘authors’ is important, especially for those with learning difficulties or who struggle to comply with the current emphasis on spelling, punctuation and grammar. This article relates to a UK Research Council‐funded 3‐year collaborative research project involving the co‐creation of fictional stories with young people with disabilities to represent aspects of their lives. Drawing on frameworks from narratology, I analyse the co‐creation of one of the stories and present an interpretation and elaboration of the discourse structure of narrative fiction to illustrate the complexities of the relationship between the multifaceted ‘author’ and community ‘reader’ of these stories. The combination of qualitative research and fictional prose has particular characteristics and implications for the dissemination and communication of research findings. An extension of feminist critique of Barthes' claim for the death of the author provides new insights for engaging children in writing with their own voice.
Evolution of interspecies unilateral incompatibility in the relatives of Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Li Ling , Liu Bo , Deng Xiaomei , Zhao Hainan , Li Hongyan , Xing Shilai , Fetzer Della D. , Li Mengya , Nasrallah Mikhail E. , Nasrallah June B. , Liu Pei 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe evolutionary concurrence of intraspecies self‐incompatibility (SI) and explosive angiosperm radiation in the Cretaceous have led to the hypothesis that SI was one of the predominant drivers of rapid speciation in angiosperms. Interspecies unilateral incompatibility (UI) usually occurs when pollen from a self‐compatible (SC) species is rejected by the pistils of a SI species, while the reciprocal pollination is compatible (UC). Although this SI × SC type UI is most prevalent and viewed as a prezygotic isolation barrier to promote incipient speciation of angiosperms, comparative evidence to support such a role is lacking. We show that SI × SI type UI in SI species pairs is also common in the well‐characterized accessions representing the four major lineages of the Arabidopsis genus and is developmentally regulated. This allowed us to reveal a strong correlation between UI strength and species divergence in these representative accessions. In addition, analyses of a SC accession and the pseudo‐self‐compatible (psc) spontaneous mutant of Arabidopsis lyrata indicate that UI shares, at least, common pollen rejection pathway with SI. Furthermore, genetic and genomic analyses of SI × SI type UI in A. lyrata × A. arenosa species pair showed that two major‐effect quantitative trait loci are the stigma and pollen‐side determinant of UI, respectively, which could be involved in heterospecies pollen discrimination. By revealing a close link between UI and SI pathway, particularly between UI and species divergence in these representative accessions, our findings establish a connection between SI and speciation. Thus, the pre‐existence of SI system would have facilitated the evolution of UI and accordingly promote speciation.
The Aer2 receptor from Vibrio cholerae is a dual PAS‐heme oxygen sensor
Authors: Greer‐Phillips Suzanne E. , Sukomon Nattakan , Chua Teck Khiang , Johnson Mark S. , Crane Brian R. , Watts Kylie J. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryThe diarrheal pathogen Vibrio cholerae navigates complex environments using three chemosensory systems and 44–45 chemoreceptors. Chemosensory cluster II modulates chemotaxis, whereas clusters I and III have unknown functions. Ligands have been identified for only five V. cholerae chemoreceptors. Here, we report that the cluster III receptor, VcAer2, binds and responds to O2. VcAer2 is an ortholog of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Aer2 (PaAer2) but differs in that VcAer2 has two, rather than one, N‐terminal PAS domain. We have determined that both PAS1 and PAS2 form homodimers and bind penta‐coordinate b‐type heme via an Eη‐His residue. Heme binding to PAS1 required the entire PAS core, but receptor function also required the N‐terminal cap. PAS2 functioned as an O2‐sensor [
, 19 μM], utilizing the same Iβ Trp (W276) as PaAer2 to stabilize O2. The crystal structure of PAS2‐W276L was similar to that of PaAer2‐PAS but resided in an active conformation mimicking the ligand‐bound state, consistent with its signal‐on phenotype. PAS1 also bound O2 [
, 12 μM], although O2 binding was stabilized by either a Trp residue or Tyr residue. Moreover, PAS1 appeared to function as a signal modulator, regulating O2‐mediated signaling from PAS2 and resulting in activation of the cluster III chemosensory pathway.
The plant‐parasitic cyst nematode effector GLAND4 is a DNA‐binding protein
Authors: Barnes Stacey N. , Wram Catherine L. , Mitchum Melissa G. , Baum Thomas J. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryCyst nematodes are plant pathogens that infect a wide range of economically important crops. One parasitic mechanism employed by cyst nematodes is the production and in planta delivery of effector proteins to modify plant cells and suppress defences to favour parasitism. This study focuses on GLAND4, an effector of Heterodera glycines and H. schachtii, the soybean and sugar beet cyst nematodes, respectively. We show that GLAND4 is recognized by the plant cellular machinery and is transported to the plant nucleus, an organelle for which little is known about plant nematode effector functions. We show that GLAND4 has DNA‐binding ability and represses reporter gene expression in a plant transcriptional assay. One DNA fragment that binds to GLAND4 is localized in an Arabidopsis chromosomal region associated with the promoters of two lipid transfer protein genes (LTP). These LTPs have known defence functions and are down‐regulated in the nematode feeding site. When expressed in Arabidopsis, the presence of GLAND4 causes the down‐regulation of the two LTP genes in question, which is also associated with increased susceptibility to the plant‐pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae. Furthermore, overexpression of one of the LTP genes reduces plant susceptibility to H. schachtii and P. syringae, confirming that LTP repression probably suppresses plant defences. This study makes GLAND4 one of a small subset of characterized plant nematode nuclear effectors and identifies GLAND4 as the first DNA‐binding, plant‐parasitic nematode effector.
Nephronophthisis: A review of genotype–phenotype correlation
Authors: Luo Fenglan , Tao Yu‐Hong 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTNephronophthisis is an autosomal recessive cystic kidney disease and one of the most common genetic disorders causing end‐stage renal disease in children. Nephronophthisis is a genetically heterogenous disorder with more than 25 identified genes. In 10%–20% of cases, there are additional features of a ciliopathy syndrome, such as retinal defects, liver fibrosis, skeletal abnormalities, and brain developmental disorders. This review provides an update of the recent advances in the clinical features and related gene mutations of nephronophthisis, and novel approaches for therapy in nephronophthisis patients may be needed.
LncRNA HOTAIR promotes renal interstitial fibrosis by regulating Notch1 pathway via the modulation of miR‐124
Authors: Zhou Hao , Gao Lin , Yu Zuo‐hua , Hong Shi‐jun , Zhang Zhi‐wei , Qiu Zhen‐zhen 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTAimTo understand the mechanism of long non‐coding RNA (LncRNA) HOTAIR on renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) by regulating Notch1 pathway via the modulation of miR‐124.MethodsUnilateral ureteral occlusion (UUO) was used to construct the RIF rat model. HK‐2 cells induced by TGF‐β1 were used for the in vitro experiment, which were divided into five groups: Vehicle, TGF‐β1, si‐HOTAIR+TGF‐β1, miR‐124 inhibitor+TGF‐β1, and si‐HOTAIR+miR‐124 inhibitor+TGF‐β1 groups. Quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) and Western blot were performed to detect the expression of HOTAIR, miR‐124, Notch1‐ and epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐related proteins.ResultsSignificant elevated HOTAIR and reduced miR‐124 were presented in UUO rats and TGF‐β1‐induced HK‐2 cells in a time‐dependent manner, with the increased Jagged1 (JAG1), Notch1, NICD, α‐SMA and FN, as well as the decreased E‐cadherin (all P < 0.05). Compared with the TGF‐β1 group, cells in the si‐HOTAIR+TGF‐β1 group were remarkably declined in cell proliferation and the protein expressions of JAG1, Notch1, NICD, α‐SMA, and FN, but dramatically higher in E‐cadherin expression (all P < 0.05). However, in comparison with the si‐HOTAIR+TGF‐β1 group, cells in the si‐HOTAIR+miR‐124 inhibitor+TGF‐β1 group were apparently improved in proliferation and the protein expression of JAG1, Notch1, NICD, α‐SMA, and FN, but substantially reduced in the level of E‐cadherin protein (all P < 0.05).ConclusionSilencing lncRNA HOTAIR can up‐regulate miR‐124 to block Notch1 pathway, and thereby alleviating EMT and RIF, indicating HOTAIR as a potential target for RIF treatment.
Galaninergic intramural nerve and tissue reaction to antral ulcerations
Authors: Zalecki M. , Pidsudko Z. , Franke‐Radowiecka A. , Wojtkiewicz J. , Kaleczyc J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundWell‐developed galaninergic gastric intramural nerve system is known to regulate multiple stomach functions in physiological and pathological conditions. Stomach ulcer, a disorder commonly occurring in humans and animals, is accompanied by inflammatory reaction. Inflammation can cause intramural neurons to change their neurochemical profile. Galanin and its receptors are involved in inflammation of many organs, however, their direct participation in stomach reaction to ulcer is not known. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate adaptive changes in the chemical coding of galaninergic intramural neurons and mRNA expression encoding Gal, GalR1, GalR2, GalR3 receptors in the region of the porcine stomach directly adjacent to the ulcer location.MethodsThe experiment was performed on 24 pigs, divided into control and experimental groups. In 12 experimental animals, stomach antrum ulcers were experimentally induced by submucosal injection of acetic acid solution. Stomach wall directly adjacent to the ulcer was examined by: (1) double immunohistochemistry—to verify the changes in the number of galaninergic neurons (submucosal, myenteric) and fibers; (2) real‐time PCR to verify changes in mRNA expression encoding galanin, GalR1, GalR2, GalR3 receptors.Key ResultsIn the experimental animals, the number of Gal‐immunoreactive submucosal perikarya was increased, while the number of galaninergic myenteric neurons and fibers (in all the stomach wall layers) remained unchanged. The expression of mRNA encoding all galanin receptors was increased.Conclusions & InterferencesThe results obtained unveiled the participation of galanin and galanin receptors in the stomach tissue response to antral ulcerations.
Cognitive Analytic Therapy for psychosis: A case series
Authors: Taylor Peter J. , Perry Alex , Hutton Paul , Tan Ranil , Fisher Naomi , Focone Chiara , Griffiths Diane , Seddon Claire 
Published: May 2018

ObjectivesCognitive Analytic Therapy (CAT) is an effective psychological intervention for several different mental health conditions. However, whether it is acceptable, safe, and beneficial for people with psychosis remains unclear, as is the feasibility of providing and evaluating it within a research context. The aim of this study was to begin to address these questions and to obtain for the first time a rich and detailed understanding of the experience of receiving CAT for psychosis.DesignA mixed‐methods case series design.MethodSeven individuals who experienced non‐affective psychosis received CAT. They completed assessments at the start of CAT, 16 weeks, and 28 weeks post‐baseline. Qualitative interviews were completed with four individuals following completion of or withdrawal from therapy.ResultsSix participants attended at least four sessions of therapy and four went on to complete therapy. There were no serious adverse events, and self‐reported adverse experiences were minimal. Qualitative interviews suggested CAT is acceptable and provided a way to understand and work therapeutically with psychosis. There was limited evidence of change in psychotic symptoms, but improvement in perceived recovery and personality integration was observed.ConclusionsThe results suggest that CAT is a safe and acceptable intervention for psychosis. Personality integration, perceived recovery, and functioning are relevant outcomes for future evaluations of CAT for psychosis.Practitioner points

It is feasible to conduct research evaluating CAT for people with psychosis.

Within this case series, CAT appears acceptable and safe to individuals with psychosis.

Within this case series, clients reported that CAT was a positive and helpful experience.

There is a mixed picture with regard to secondary outcomes, but the design and aims of this case series limit conclusion that can be drawn from this data.
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant following crizotinib monotherapy for relapsed/refractory anaplastic large cell lymphoma
Authors: John Tami D. , Naik Swati , Leung Kathryn , Sasa Ghadir , Martinez Caridad , Krance Robert A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractRelapsed ALK‐positive ALCL often is responsive to CRZ monotherapy. The subsequent role of allogeneic HCT after achieving second remission is poorly understood. We report 6 children who underwent allogeneic HCT for relapsed ALCL after CRZ. Age at transplant ranged from 10.7 to 22.6 years. Follow‐up ranged from 0.9 to 4.5 years. All patients engrafted. Three of 4 patients that received a reduced‐toxicity conditioning regimen containing fludarabine, alemtuzumab, and low‐dose irradiation showed progressive mixed chimerism. Five patients remain in remission. One patient developed isolated CNS relapse 3.6 years after HCT despite a lack of previous CNS involvement. No acute transplant‐related complications were experienced. One patient developed chronic renal disease secondary to transplant‐associated microangiopathy and one patient chronic GVHD secondary to DLI. Ultimately, allogeneic HCT appears safe and potentially curative after remission induction with CRZ. The role of conditioning therapy, ablative or reduced intensity, remains uncertain for patients’ post‐CRZ monotherapy, and further studies may be warranted.