bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Partnerships for safe care: A meta‐narrative of the experience for the parent of a child with Intellectual Disability in hospital
Authors: Mimmo Laurel , Woolfenden Susan , Travaglia Joanne , Harrison Reema 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo systematically identify and synthesize peer‐reviewed qualitative evidence of the parental experience of hospitalization with a child with Intellectual Disability.Search strategyKey words, synonyms and MeSH subject headings that related to the three key concepts of parental experience, children with Intellectual Disability and hospital settings were applied to six electronic databases: Medline, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, Scopus and Web of Science. Titles and abstracts of publications between January 2000 and February 2019 were screened for relevance.Inclusion criteriaEmpirical qualitative research involved participants aged 0‐18 years, involved children with Intellectual Disability, involved participants hospitalized as an in‐patient and involved participants focused on parent perspective.Data extraction and synthesisData were extracted and synthesized using a meta‐narrative approach.ResultsEleven publications met the inclusion criteria. Data synthesis revealed three research traditions contributing to this meta‐narrative: Paediatric Nursing Practice, Intellectual Disability Healthcare and Patient Experience. A total of five themes were identified: (a) being more than a parent, (b) importance of role negotiation, (c) building trust and relationships, (d) the cumulative effect of previous experiences of hospitalization and (e) knowing the child as an individual.Discussion and conclusionThis review presents a working model for professional‐parent partnership for the safe care of children with Intellectual Disability in hospital. Shifting paediatric healthcare to whole of hospital/multidisciplinary models of care that centre on the child will necessitate partnerships with the parent to identify and manage the needs of the child with Intellectual Disability, in order to achieve safe and equitable care for these children.
Daptomycin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates are poorly sensed by dendritic cells
Authors: Patton Timothy , Jiang Jhih‐Hang , Lundie Rachel J , Bafit Mariam , Gao Wei , Peleg Anton Y , O'Keeffe Meredith 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMethicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents an increasing threat to public health, with antimicrobial resistance on the rise and infections endemic in the hospital setting. Despite a global research effort to understand and combat antimicrobial resistance, less work has focused on understanding the nuances in the immunopathogenesis of clinical strains. In particular, there is a surprising gap of knowledge in the literature pertaining to how clinical strains are recognized by dendritic cells (DCs). Here, we show that the activation of DCs is compromised in response to MRSA strains resistant to the last‐line antibiotic daptomycin. We found a significant reduction in the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐6, regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed, and secreted and macrophage inflammatory protein‐1β, as well as decreased expression of CD80 by DCs responding to daptomycin‐resistant MRSA. We further demonstrate that this phenotype is coincident with the acquisition of specific point mutations in the cardiolipin synthase gene cls2, and, partly, in the bifunctional lysylphosphatidylglycerol flippase/synthetase gene mprF, which are genes that are often mutated in clinical daptomycin‐resistant strains. Therefore, throughout infection and antibiotic therapy, MRSA has the capacity to not only develop further antibiotic resistance, but also develop resistance to immunological recognition by DCs, because of single amino acid point mutations occurring under the selective pressures of both host immunity and antibiotic therapy. Understanding the diversity of clinical MRSA isolates and the nuances in their immune recognition will have important implications for future therapeutics and the treatment of these infections.
Regulatory B cells: Development, phenotypes, functions, and role in transplantation
Authors: Alhabbab Rowa Y. , Nova-Lamperti Estefanía , Aravena Octavio , Burton Hannah M. , Lechler Robert I. , Dorling Anthony , Lombardi Giovanna 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe interest in regulatory B cells (Bregs) began in the 1970s with the evidence that B cells could downregulate the immune system by the production of “inhibitory” antibodies. Subsequently, a series of results from different studies have emphasized that B cells have antibody‐independent immunoregulatory functions. Since then, different subsets of B cells with regulatory functions and their development and mechanisms of action have been identified both in human and in animal models of inflammation, transplantation, and autoimmunity. The present review outlines the suggested pathways by which Bregs develop, describes the different subsets of Bregs with their phenotypes and function as well as their role in transplantation, highlighting the differences between human and animal studies throughout.
Session Ii: Capitalism and Social Insurance
Authors: Fox Merritt , Gordon Jeff 
Published: September 2019

In what Jeff Gordon describes as “the great risk shift,” large U.S. companies have responded during the last 50 years to the forces of globalization and increased pressure from investors by transferring the risks associated with product and worker obsolescence from their shareholders to their employees. Layoffs have generally meant very large, if not complete, losses of “firm‐specific investments” by displaced employees. And the problem is especially troubling in the U.S., where the employees of large companies lose not only their jobs and income streams, but also often their connection to their social network, to the entire system of social welfare and insurance that tends to be provided by large companies and the workplace.While applauding corporate retraining programs, Gordon suggests that individual company efforts are likely to be overwhelmed by the demand for such services. The solution accordingly lies in the form of government‐provided social insurance—in programs that, whether orchestrated and funded at the state or federal level, provide the most cost‐effective government “match” designed to ensure the preservation of human potential and lifetime earnings power of employees.
Session IV: The Law, Corporate Governance, and Economic Justice
Authors: Strine Leo , Talley Eric , Roe Mark , Fisch Jill , Kogut Bruce 
Published: September 2019

The Chief Justice of the Delaware Supreme Court begins by invoking the New Deal, and expressing admiration for the way its goals and some of its social programs have been put into practice by Northern European social democracies. Most important are their protections for workers and the unemployed—protections the Judge finds deplorably absent in U.S. law and corporate labor practices. Nevertheless, when contemplating how corporate boards in the U.S. might respond to the growing demand for U.S. public companies to address social problems like the environment and economic inequality, the Delaware judge falls back on the prescription of Adolph Berle, who, though one of the framers of the New Deal, insisted that companies “stick to their knitting” by putting shareholders first as the only way of ensuring the accountability of corporate managements and boards.Harvard Law's Mark Roe responds with a defense of corporate America against the charge of corporate short‐termism by noting that, although U.S. capital expenditures have declined in the past 15–20 years, corporate investment in R&D and other intangible assets have both grown sharply. Corporate distributions in the form of dividends and stock buybacks are rising, but so have the net borrowings of the companies making the distributions, leaving the cash balances of U.S. companies also near record levels. And the remarkably high valuations of successful high tech companies are themselves forceful rebuttals of the idea that pressure from the stock market for current earnings is a serious deterrent to investment and innovation.The University of Pennsylvania's Jill Fisch follows Roe's dismissal of the short‐termism argument with even more forceful questioning of whether corporate America in fact has a major governance problem. U.S. companies have been taking voluntary measures to address environmental problems—in some cases even in the face of federal deregulatory initiatives—and many have raised their workers’ wages, without any challenges (and often with encouragement) from their shareholders. And echoing Justice Strine's concerns, Fisch also ends up questioning the premise that companies can be asked to define a single social purpose (other than maximizing shareholder value) that would be appropriate for, and end up satisfying, all their different stakeholders.Columbia Business School's Bruce Kogut closes with the suggestion that our greatest problems today may be coming not from the shortsightedness and other failings of corporations and corporate law, but from “deep distrust of the competence of the state.” Kogut's main prescription is that to take advantage of the enormous potential gains from effective arm's‐length collaboration between business and the public sector, governments at all levels should find ways to strike “Coasian bargains” with the private sector that makes the best possible uses of the core competencies and resources of each.
EVA, not EBITDA: A New Financial Paradigm for Private Equity Firms
Authors: Stewart Bennett 
Published: September 2019

Private equity firms have boomed on the back of EBITDA. Most PE firms use it as their primary measure of value, and ask the managers of their portfolio companies to increase it. Many public companies have decided to emulate the PE firms by using EBITDA to review performance with investors, and even as a basis for determining incentive pay. But is the emphasis on EBITDA warranted?In this article, the co‐founder of Stern Stewart & Co. argues that EVA offers a better way. He discusses blind spots and distortions that make EBITDA highly unreliable and misleading as a measure of normalized, ongoing profitability. By comparing EBITDA with EVA, or Economic Value Added, a measure of economic profit net of a full cost‐of‐capital charge, Stewart demonstrates EVA's ability to provide managers and investors with much more clarity into the levers that are driving corporate performance and determining intrinsic market value. And in support of his demonstration, Stewart reports the finding of his analysis of Russell 3000 public companies that EVA explains almost 20% more than EBITDA of their changes in value, while at the same time providing far more insight into how to improve those values.
Elevated hsa‐miR‐590‐3p expression down‐regulates HMGB2 expression and contributes to the severity of IgA nephropathy
Authors: Zhai Yaling , Qi Yuanyuan , Long Xiaoqing , Dou Yanna , Liu Dong , Cheng Genyang , Xiao Jing , Liu Zhangsuo , Zhao Zhanzheng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPeripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) play important roles in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Our study aimed to provide a deep understanding of IgAN and focused on the dysregulation of hsa‐miR‐590‐3p and its target gene HMGB2 in PBMCs. Three gene expression profile datasets (GSE14795, GSE73953 and GSE25590) were downloaded from the GEO database. The DEGs (differentially expressed genes)‐miRNA network that was associated with IgAN was constructed by Cytoscape, and HMGB2 and hsa‐miR‐590‐3p were selected for further exploration. The dual‐luciferase reporter system was utilized to verify their interaction. Then, the expression levels of HMGB2 and hsa‐miR‐590‐3p in PBMCs were detected by qPCR in another cohort, and the correlation of their expression levels with the clinical pathological manifestations and serum Gd‐IgA1(galactose‐deficient IgA1) levels was also investigated. HMGB2 was identified as the target gene of hsa‐miR‐590‐3p. Furtherly, the elderly patients had higher HMGB2 expression levels than the expression levels of the younger patients. As the serum creatinine, serum BUN levels increased, the expression of HMGB2 decreased; Besides, the HMGB2 expression was positively correlated with serum complement 3(C3) levels, and it also had a negative correlation with the diastolic blood pressure, but not reach statistical significance. What is more, both hsa‐miR‐590‐3p and HMGB2 expression had a slight correlation tendency with serum Gd‐IgA1 levels in the whole population. In conclusion, HMGB2, the target gene of hsa‐miR‐590‐3p, was identified to correlate with the severity of IgAN, and this provides more clues for the pathogenesis of IgAN.
Retracted: INPP1 up‐regulation by miR‐27a contributes to the growth, migration and invasion of human cervical cancer
Authors: Li Pu , Zhang Qiaoge , Tang Hua 
Published: September 2019

AbstractInositol polyphosphate‐1‐phosphatase (INPP1) is an enzyme that is responsible for glycolysis and lipid metabolism. Here, we discovered that INPP1 expression was up‐regulated in CC tissues compared to that in adjacent normal tissues by RT‐qPCR. Inositol polyphosphate‐1‐phosphatase overexpression promoted and INPP1 knockdown suppressed cell viability, cellular migration/invasion and EMT in CC cells. To explore the mechanism of dysregulation, INPP1 was predicted to be a target of miR‐27a, and a pmiRGLO dual‐luciferase reporter assay showed that miR‐27a bound to the 3′ UTR of INPP1. RT‐qPCR revealed that miR‐27a was also up‐regulated and had a positive correlation with INPP1 expression in CC tissues. Furthermore, shR‐INPP1 could favour the malignant phenotype reversion induced by miR‐27a, suggesting that miR‐27a up‐regulates INPP1 to promote tumorigenic activities. Altogether, our findings show that the up‐regulation of INPP1 by miR‐27a contributes to tumorigenic activities and may provide a potential biomarker for CC.
Influence of hydrology on water quality and trophic state of irrigation reservoirs in Sri Lanka
Authors: Nadarajah Sareeha , Wijenayake W. M. H. Kelum , Amarasinghe Upali S. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMany reservoirs provide multiple benefits to people around the world, in addition to primary uses such as irrigation. Thus, reservoir management should address their multiple uses. The water quality of ten irrigation reservoirs in Sri Lanka was examined in the present study with the objective of better understanding the effects of hydrological regimes on reservoir water quality and trophic state. Basic limnological parameters pertinent to the nutrient loads to, and trophic state of, the reservoirs were collected from June 2013 to February 2016. The sampling period was arbitrarily divided into two periods of approximately similar duration (period 1 = June 2013–September 2014; period 2 = October 2014–February 2016) to investigate whether or not there was a seasonal variation in the water quality parameters. Although temporal and spatial variations were observed, most water quality parameters were within the levels acceptable for drinking water standards. The 10 reservoirs were also ordinated by principal component analysis (PCA) on the basis of the water quality parameters of the two sampling periods in a two‐dimensional score plot. Reservoirs in the first principal component (PC1) axis were represented by negative scores attributable to the dissolved oxygen concentration and pH and, to a lesser extent, by electrical conductivity and chlorophyll‐a concentration. Positive scores in PC1 were represented by reservoirs with a score loading attributable to alkalinity, nitrate concentration, Secchi depth, temperature and seston weight and, to a lesser extent, from the total phosphorus concentration. There was a significant negative correlation of PC1 scores with relative reservoir water‐level fluctuation (RRLF; the ratio of mean reservoir water‐level amplitude to mean reservoir depth). Furthermore, Carlson's trophic index also were influenced by RRLF, although not by hydraulic retention time (HRT), indicating allochthonous nutrient inputs into the irrigation reservoirs were mainly governed by RRLF, but not by HRT. Thus, the results of the present study provide useful insights into achieving desirable reservoir water quality through the manipulation of the hydrological regime.
Loss of wbpL disrupts O‐polysaccharide synthesis and impairs virulence of plant‐associated Pseudomonas strains
Authors: Kutschera Alexander , Schombel Ursula , Wröbel Michelle , Gisch Nicolas , Ranf Stefanie 
Published: September 2019

SummaryDespite its importance for membrane stability and pathogenicity of mammalian pathogens, functions of the O‐polysaccharide (OPS) of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) remain unclear in plant‐associated bacteria. Genetic information about OPS biosynthesis in these bacteria is largely missing. Genome analysis of various plant‐associated Pseudomonas strains revealed that one of the two known OPS biosynthesis clusters from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, the common polysaccharide antigen (CPA) gene cluster, is only conserved in some strains of the Pseudomonas fluorescens group. For the O‐specific antigen (OSA) biosynthesis cluster, the putative genomic position could be identified, but orthologues of most functional important OSA biosynthesis enzymes could not be detected. Nevertheless, orthologues of the glycosyltransferase WbpL, required for initiation of CPA and OSA synthesis in P. aeruginosa PAO1, could be identified in the analysed Pseudomonas genomes. Knockout mutations of wbpL orthologues in Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst) and Pseudomonas cichorii ATCC10857/DSM50259 (Pci) resulted in strains lacking the OPS. Infection experiments of Arabidopsis thaliana plants revealed a reduced entry into the leaf apoplast after spray inoculation and a reduced apoplastic amplification of Pst ∆wbpL. Stab and spray inoculation of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) leaves with Pci ∆wbpL causes reduced infection symptoms compared to the wild‐type strain. Furthermore, swarming motility was reduced in ∆wbpL mutants of Pst and Pci. This might be a possible reason for reduced bacterial titres after surface inoculation and reduced bacterial amplification in the plant. Our results imply that the presence of lipopolysaccharide OPS is required for efficient host colonization and full virulence of plant‐pathogenic Pseudomonas bacteria.
Major exopolysaccharide, EPS I, is associated with the feedback loop in the quorum sensing of Ralstonia solanacearum strain OE1‐1
Authors: Hayashi Kazusa , Senuma Wakana , Kai Kenji , Kiba Akinori , Ohnishi Kouhei , Hikichi Yasufumi 
Published: September 2019

SummaryThe Gram‐negative soil‐borne bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum first infects roots of host plants and then invades xylem vessels. In xylem vessels, the bacteria grow vigorously and produce exopolysaccharides (EPSs) to cause a wilt symptom on host plants. The EPSs are thus the main virulence factors of R. solanacearum. The strain OE1‐1 of R. solanacearum produces methyl 3‐hydroxymyristate as a quorum‐sensing (QS) signal, and senses this QS signal, activating QS. The QS‐activated LysR‐type transcriptional regulator PhcA induces the production of virulence‐related metabolites including ralfuranone and the major EPS, EPS I. To elucidate the function of EPS I, the transcriptomes of R. solanacearum strains were analysed using RNA sequencing technology. The expression of 97.2% of the positively QS‐regulated genes was down‐regulated in the epsB‐deleted mutant ΔepsB, which lost its EPS I productivity. Furthermore, expression of 98.0% of the negatively QS‐regulated genes was up‐regulated in ΔepsB. The deficiency to produce EPS I led to a significantly suppressed ralfuranone productivity and significantly enhanced swimming motility, which are suppressed by QS, but did not affect the expression levels of phcA and phcB, which encode a methyltransferase required for methyl 3‐hydroxymyristate production. Overall, QS‐dependently produced EPS I may be associated with the feedback loop of QS.
Vitamin K2 immunosuppressive effect on pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Xu Wencheng , Meng Kehan , Wu Hongguang , Miura Taro , Suzuki Shunsuke , Chiyotanda Masako , Tanaka Sachiko , Sugiyama Kentaro , Kawashima Hisashi , Hirano Toshihiko 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundOver 20 kinds of steroids, tacrolimus ointments, and cyclosporine capsules are usually recommended for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD), depending on the symptoms of patients. However, several side effects sometimes occur with the extensive use of these agents for the treatment of pediatric AD patients. The purpose of this study was to explore whether vitamin K2 could be a new immunosuppressive candidate for pediatric patients with AD.MethodsThe immunosuppressive efficacy of vitamin K2 was evaluated through a cell‐culture procedure using mitogen‐activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from pediatric AD patients.ResultsThe mean (SD) IC50 value of vitamin K2 for the proliferation of concanavalin A‐activated PBMCs was 15.37 (30.05) μmol/L, while the value for tacrolimus was 0.10 (0.28) ng/mL (0.12 (0.35) nmol/L). There was a significant correlation between the IC50 values for vitamin K2 and those for tacrolimus (P = 0.0001, r = 0.8871). However, there was no significant correlation between the IC50 values of vitamin K2 and those of cyclosporine A or methylprednisolone. A significant correlation between the IC50 values of vitamin K2 or tacrolimus and blood eosinophil counts (P = 0.0099, r = 0.7086 and P = 0.0032, r = 0.7722, respectively) was observed.ConclusionVitamin K2‐inhibited T‐cell mitogen stimulated proliferation of PBMCs from pediatric AD patients in a dose‐dependent manner. The PBMCs from pediatric AD patients were more sensitive to the immunosuppressive efficacy of vitamin K2 than the PBMCs from healthy subjects. The individual immunosuppressive pharmacological efficacy of vitamin K2 and of tacrolimus could be inferred from the blood eosinophil count of pediatric AD patients.
Modelling the Socio-Economic Determinants of Fertility: A Mediation Analysis using the Parametric g-formula
Authors: Bijlsma Maarten J. , Wilson Ben 
Published: September 2019

SummaryTheories predict that the timing of childbearing and number of children born are determined by multiple socio-economic factors. Despite this, many methods cannot investigate the interrelationships between these determinants, including the direct and indirect influence that they have on fertility over the life course. Here we use the parametric g-formula to examine the interdependent influences of time-varying socio-economic processes—education, employment status and partnership status—on fertility. To demonstrate this approach, we study a cohort of women who were born in the UK in 1970. Our results show that socio-economic processes play an important role in determining fertility, not only directly but also indirectly. We show that increasing attendance in higher education has a largely direct effect on early childbearing up to age 25 years, resulting in a substantial increase in childlessness. However, childbearing at later ages is dominated by an indirect effect of education on fertility, via partnership status and employment status, that is twice as large as the direct effect. We also use the g-formula to examine bias due to unobserved heterogeneity, and we demonstrate that our results appear to be robust. We conclude that the method provides a valuable tool for mediation analysis in studies of interdependent life course processes.