bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of osteochondral graft orientation in a biotribological test system
Authors: Bauer Christoph , Göçerler Hakan , Niculescu‐Morzsa Eugenia , Jeyakumar Vivek , Stotter Christoph , Tóth Ivana , Klestil Thomas , Franek Friedrich , Nehrer Stefan 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTAutologous osteochondral transplantation (AOT) utilizing autografts is a widely used technique for the treatment of small‐to‐medium cartilage defects occurring in knee and ankle joints. The application of viable cartilage and bone ensures proper integration, early weight bearing, as well as restoration of biomechanical and biotribological properties. However, alignment of the autografts onto the defect site remains a pivotal aspect of reinstating the properties of the joint toward successful autograft integration. This is the first study to perform tests with different orientations of osteochondral grafts in a cartilage‐on‐cartilage test system. The objective was to estimate if there are differences between aligned and 90°‐rotated grafts concerning molecular biological and biomechanical parameters. Tissue viability, assessed by XTT assay indicated lower metabolic activity in tested osteochondral grafts (aligned, p = 0.0148 and 90°‐rotated, p = 0.0760) in favor of a higher anabolic gene expression (aligned, p = 0.0030 and 90°‐rotated, 0.0027). Tissue structure was evaluated by Safranin O histology and microscopic images of the surface. Aligned and 90°‐rotated grafts revealed no apparent differences between proteoglycan content or cracks and fissures on the cartilage surface. Test medium analyzed after tribological tests for their sulfated glycosaminoglycan content revealed no differences (p = 0.3282). During the tests, both the friction coefficient and the relative displacement between the two cartilage surfaces were measured, with no significant difference in both parameters (COF, p = 0.2232 and relative displacement, p = 0.3185). From the methods we deployed, this study can infer that there are no differences between aligned and 90°‐rotated osteochondral grafts after tribological tests in the used ex vivo tissue model. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research® Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society. J Orthop Res
Non‐clinical factors associated with referral to periodontal specialists
Authors: Kraatz Jennifer , Hoang Ha , Ivanovski Saso , Ware Robert S. , Crocombe Leonard A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere is a limited body of literature exploring referral relationships between general dental practitioners and periodontists. Clinical and non‐clinical factors associated with the referral process are rarely considered however a better understanding of these will improve the general dentist practitioner and periodontal specialist relationship and benefit patient management. This study investigated which non‐clinical factors have an association with the referral of patients by general dental practitioners to periodontists in Tasmania, Australia.MethodsA questionnaire was emailed to registered general dental practitioners in Tasmania, Australia and information collected on demographics, referral patterns, and potential factors which may influence referral.ResultsResponse rate was 44.5%. Non‐clinical factors that influenced referral were previous treatment by a periodontist (70.8%), a complex medical history (56.8%), the patient's reluctance to undergo periodontal treatment, medico‐legal reasons, patient awareness of periodontal disease (47.3%), and lack of training (43.2%). Patients frequently declined periodontal referral due to cost (66.2%), oral health not being a priority (55.4%), or inconvenience (46.6%). The most important periodontist qualities were their reputation (84.0%), patient feedback (81.3%), ease of communication (72.0%), report quality (68.0%), and location (62.7%).ConclusionNon‐clinical factors, such as practice type‐, general dental practitioner‐, patient‐, periodontist‐related factors are associated with referral by general dental practitioners to periodontists for periodontal management.
Painful Traumatic Neuromas in Subcutaneous Fat: Visibility and Morphologic Features With Ultrasound
Authors: Causeret Anne , Lapègue Franck , Bruneau Bertrand , Dreano Thierry , Ropars Mickaël , Guillin Raphaël 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesSubcutaneous neuromas usually result from trauma and may lead to dissatisfaction in patients with a trigger point, loss of sensitivity in the relevant territory of innervation, and spontaneous neuropathic pain. Confirming clinically suspected cases of neuroma may prove difficult. The objective of this study was to evaluate the visibility and morphologic features of traumatic subcutaneous neuromas of the limbs with ultrasound (US).MethodsBetween January 2012 and August 2016, 38 consecutive patients clinically suspected of having subcutaneous neuromas were investigated with US. The diagnosis was confirmed on the basis of a focal morphologic abnormality of the nerve associated with trigger pain. Each neuroma was classified into 1 of 3 subtypes based on its injury pattern. The subtypes were terminal neuroma, spindle neuroma, and scar encasement, either isolated or associated with these subtypes.ResultsForty‐four lesions were found in the 38 patients, including 29 spindle neuromas (65.9%), 14 terminal neuromas (31.8%) and 1 scar encasement with no nerve caliber abnormality (2.3%). Fifteen neuromas (35% of all neuromas) were associated with scar encasement. In 13 cases that required surgery, the diagnosis of neuroma or scar encasement could be surgically proven and confirmed the validity of the US findings.ConclusionsUltrasound can be used to show and classify subcutaneous nerves of the upper and lower limbs with high accuracy. The US trigger sign provides an indication of neuroma involvement in pain. This modality can play a substantial role both in the preoperative planning of neuroma surgery and in therapeutic US‐guided procedures.
Kinetic study of the reaction of nucleophilic cyclopropanation of C60 fullerene with halogenated maleopimarimide
Authors: Biglova Yulya N. , Malikova Rauilya N. , Petrova Svetlana F. , Ivanov Sergey P. , Sakhautdinov Ilshat M. , Mustafin Akhat G. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe kinetics of nucleophilic fullerene cyclopropanation by halomethyl ketones with a diterpene fragment has been studied by the Bingel method, and the influence of the biologically active cyclopropanating agent on the process has been estimated. It has been revealed that favorable conditions for carrying out the reaction result in maximum monofunctionalized methanofullerenes formation with the maximum yield.
Positive airway pressure ventilation and complications in pediatric tracheocutaneous fistula repair
Authors: Smith Joshua D. , Thorne Marc C. , Thatcher Aaron L. 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesSurgical repair of persistent tracheocutaneous fistula in children may be complicated by tracheal air leak with resultant subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum, and/or pneumothorax. We first sought to identify clinical risk factors for postoperative complications after primary repair of persistent tracheocutaneous fistula in children. Second, the type and frequency of complications in patients administered positive airway pressure ventilation (e.g., bag‐valve mask ventilation, continuous positive airway pressure [CPAP], or bilevel positive airway pressure [BiPAP]) postoperatively was determined and compared to a control population.MethodsThis was a retrospective investigation of all pediatric patients (n = 108) undergoing surgical repair of persistent tracheocutaneous fistula from January 2000 and April 2016 at a tertiary, academic referral center. Type and frequency of postoperative complications were compared among patients who were administered positive airway pressure ventilation postoperatively versus those who were not.ResultsOf 108 pediatric patients, complications after tracheocutaneous fistula repair occurred in 22 (20.4%) patients. These included symptoms of respiratory distress requiring intervention (e.g., supplemental O2, racemic epinephrine, intubation), subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum and/or pneumothorax, bleeding, wound infection, and readmission. Frequency of all postoperative complications was significantly higher in patients administered positive airway pressure ventilation versus those who were not (50.0% vs. 16.7%, P = 0.015), as were rates of subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum, and/or pneumothorax (33.3% vs. 4.2%, P = 0.005).ConclusionPositive airway pressure ventilation after primary repair of persistent tracheocutaneous fistula in children may increase risk of serious respiratory complications. In practice, we advocate for avoidance of bag‐valve mask ventilation and caution when utilizing CPAP or BiPAP postoperatively in these patients.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 130:E30–E34, 2020
Vocal cord paralysis as primary and secondary results of malignancy. A prospective descriptive study
Authors: Knudsen Roi , Gaunsbaek Maria Q. , Schultz Joyce H. , Nilsson Anna Christine , Madsen Jonna S. , Asgari Nasrin 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveVocal cord paralysis (VCP) may be caused by a primary malignancy and associated immune cross‐reactivity. We aimed to illuminate underlying causes of VCP and to assess if onconeural antibodies occur in association to VCP as an early predictor of cancer.MethodsA prospective study was performed in patients with newly diagnosed VCP from 2014 to 2016. All patients underwent fiberoptic laryngoscopy, ultrasound of the neck and computed tomography (CT) of the neck and thorax. Patients with idiopathic VCP underwent neurological examination, positron emission tomography/CT, and serum analysis for onconeural antibodies. All patients were offered a one‐year clinical follow‐up.ResultsIn total 53 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Left VCP occurred in 37 (70%), right in 15 (28%), and bilateral in one patient (2%). The cause of VCP was cancer in 27 (51%) patients, of those 15 (56%) had VCP as the primary symptom, including all cases with laryngeal and esophageal cancer. Median time interval between VCP and cancer was 7 days (range 1–30). In 12 (23%) VCP was a secondary symptom. Lung cancer was the most common etiology, 14 of 27 (52%), 12 patients (86%) with non‐small cell lung cancer. Idiopathic VCP was diagnosed in 18 (34%) patients, of those nine patients had a neurological examination and were screened for well‐known onconeural antibodies, which were not detected. Reactions against Purkinje cell nuclei were seen in three patients, none showed symptoms or signs of cancer at follow‐up.ConclusionsThe causes of VCP were described. VCP was frequently the primary symptom, and also occurred as a secondary symptom of cancer. Exclusion of malignancy is important in patients with VCP.Level of Evidence1b
Relationship Between Respiratory Sensory Perception, Speech, and Swallow in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Hegland Karen W. , Troche Michelle , Brandimore Alexandra 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundIt has been suggested that sensory impairments contribute significantly to the motor deficits secondary to impaired sensorimotor integration in Parkinson's disease. Speech and swallowing are likely to become disordered in PD, and there is evidence that impaired upper airway sensation also contributes to these disorders.ObjectivesThe goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between perception of general respiratory sensation, speech, and swallowing in PD.MethodsThirteen people with PD and 14 age‐equivalent controls volunteered to participate. Randomized blocks of inspiratory resistive loads were delivered, and participants gauged the magnitude of the loads using a modified Borg scale. The magnitude estimates were then compared to results of speech and swallowing evaluations using multivariate analysis of variance and a stepwise linear regression model.ResultsThere was a significant overall interaction between the participant group (PD versus control) and respiratory load (F [10, 300] = 2.138; P = .022). A significant regression equation containing a predictor speech variable respiratory rating was found (F [1,22] = 6.946), P = .023), with a moderate effect size of R2 = .387.ConclusionsPeople with PD have blunted perception of respiratory resistive loads when compared with age‐equivalent healthy adults. Results also suggest that blunted ME of resistive loads could contribute to changes in respiratory drive for speech (i.e., loudness).
Alternative oxidase inhibitors: Mitochondrion‐targeting as a strategy for new drugs against pathogenic parasites and fungi
Authors: Ebiloma Godwin U. , Balogun Emmanuel O. , Cueto‐Díaz Eduardo J. , de Koning Harry P. , Dardonville Christophe 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe alternative oxidase (AOX) is a ubiquitous terminal oxidase of plants and many fungi, catalyzing the four‐electron reduction of oxygen to water alongside the cytochrome‐based electron transfer chain. Unlike the classical electron transfer chain, however, the activity of AOX does not generate adenosine triphosphate but has functions such as thermogenesis and stress response. As it lacks a mammalian counterpart, it has been investigated intensely in pathogenic fungi. However, it is in African trypanosomes, which lack cytochrome‐based respiration in their infective stages, that trypanosome alternative oxidase (TAO) plays the central and essential role in their energy metabolism. TAO was validated as a drug target decades ago and among the first inhibitors to be identified was salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM), which produced the expected trypanocidal effects, especially when potentiated by coadministration with glycerol to inhibit anaerobic energy metabolism as well. However, the efficacy of this combination was too low to be of practical clinical use. The antibiotic ascofuranone (AF) proved a much stronger TAO inhibitor and was able to cure Trypanosoma vivax infections in mice without glycerol and at much lower doses, providing an important proof of concept milestone. Systematic efforts to improve the SHAM and AF scaffolds, aided with the elucidation of the TAO crystal structure, provided detailed structure‐activity relationship information and reinvigorated the drug discovery effort. Recently, the coupling of mitochondrion‐targeting lipophilic cations to TAO inhibitors has dramatically improved drug targeting and trypanocidal activity while retaining target protein potency. These developments appear to have finally signposted the way to preclinical development of TAO inhibitors.
Is interstitial 8p23 microdeletion responsible of 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis? One case report from birth to puberty
Authors: Wagner‐Mahler Kathy , Kurzenne Jean‐Yves , Gastaud Frederique , Hoflack Marie , Panaia Ferrari Patricia , Berard Etienne , Giuliano Fabienne , Karmous‐Benailly Houda , Moceri Pamela , Jouannelle Celine , Bourcier Marine , Robart Elise , Morel Yves 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundChromosome 8p deletions are associated with a variety of conditions, including cardiac abnormalities, mental, behavioral problems with variable morphotype and genitourinary anomalies in boys.MethodsWe describe the follow‐up over almost 15 years of a boy who initially presented with perineal hypospadias with a micropenis and cryptorchidism with 46,XY DSD.ResultsImaging, pathology, and hormonal exploration suggested gonadal dysgenesis. Further genetic studies were deemed necessary during follow‐up. The child's further development recommended further genetic analyses. High‐resolution analysis showed an interstitial deletion on the short arm of a chromosome 8: 46,XY,del(8)(p23.1p23.1). We reviewed the literature and found 102 cases including 54 boys: 62.7% had mental problems, 50.9% a dysmorphic disorder, 55.9% cardiac anomalies, and 46.3% of the boys had genitourinary anomalies. Our patient's genital abnormalities can be explained by the haploinsufficiency of the genes, such as GATA4 (OMIM 600576) that are included in the deleted area.ConclusionThis case of severe 46,XY DSD raises the question of the role played by 8p23 microdeletion in gonadal dysgenesis. Clinicians are encouraged to look for this anomaly on chromosome 8 in cases of unexplained gonadal dysgenesis even when few signs suggestive of this anomaly are present.
Prenatal diagnosis for de novo mutations: Experience from a tertiary center over a 10‐year period
Authors: Eyal Ori , Berkenstadt Michal , Reznik‐Wolf Haike , Poran Hana , Ziv‐Baran Tomer , Greenbaum Lior , Yonath Hagit , Pras Elon 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis study summarizes the results of prenatal diagnosis due to a history of de novo mutation in a previous pregnancy, in a tertiary center in Israel, over a 10‐year period.MethodsWe sorted all cases of de novo mutations from a pool of 2,260 pregnancies for which prenatal molecular diagnosis was applied, between the years 2008 and 2017. We identified 122 molecular prenatal diagnosis performed for de novo mutations, in 90 women.ResultsWhile the total number of yearly prenatal diagnoses stayed stable, a linear increase was detected in the number of cases for which the procedure was done due to a previous de novo mutation: from 3 cases in 2008 to 24 cases in 2017. The most common diseases were Rett syndrome (19), neurofibromatosis Type‐1 (12) and Tuberous sclerosis (5). Recurrence occurred in 3 of the 90 women (3.3%) and hotspot mutations were identified in two genes accounting for 11 cases. We did not find a difference in paternal age at first occurrence of the de novo mutation between the study group and the control group.ConclusionThe large increase in the annual number of prenatal diagnoses performed due to a previous pregnancy with a de novo mutation reflects the growing understanding regarding the role of these mutations in the pathogenesis of genetic diseases.
Circularly polarized wave beamforming using one‐dimensional Fresnel zone plate
Authors: Youn Youngno , Hong Wonbin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis letter entails a methodology to steer circularly polarized (CP) wave main beam in the near‐field region. The letter first demonstrates a planar circular polarizer which can convert an incoming linearly polarized wave into a CP wave from 24.0 to 40.0 GHz. Afterwards a one‐dimensional Fresnel zone plate consisting of electrically opaque and transparent regions is devised to formulate constructive interference for CP near‐field beamsteering at 22°. Measurement ascertains that the axial ratio and TE/TM phase difference at the aforementioned angle is 0.36 dB and 87.1°.
Improved stimulated echo in diffusion magnetic resonance imaging: introducing a π pulse for SNR enhancement
Authors: Cao Yupeng , Zhang Yan , Wang Yuqing , Liu Wentao , Han Dong 
Published: January 2019

PurposeAnomalous diffusion in biological tissues can be examined by diffusion MRI for various applications, including tumor diagnosis and measurement of brain fiber pathways. However, the measurement of anomalous diffusion requires high b‐values for the diffusion gradient in MRI, and current MRI methods cannot provide a high SNR. This study aimed to improve on the standard stimulated echo (STE) to enhance the SNR in diffusion MRI with high b‐values.MethodsBecause of hardware limitations and human safety considerations, prolonging the diffusion time (Δ) is 1 of the few methods available to realize high b‐values. Here, we propose a new echo mechanism for diffusion MRI to enhance SNRs under long Δ. By introducing a π pulse at the midpoint between 2nd and 3rd π/2 pulses of STE, we refocus the magnetic moment vectors in the longitudinal plane before the third π/2 pulse is applied, which preserves the full echo signals. This sequence was compared with STE and spin echo (SE). Nine Δs were tested in a phantom. Multi b‐values with 2 Δs were tested in a mouse liver, brain, and tumor.ResultsCompared with STE and SE, the proposed improved STE (ISTE) exhibited an improved SNR in the phantom experiment and improved performance in the in vivo experiments.ConclusionBy using the proposed echo mechanism in diffusion MRI, we enhanced the SNR of the images, which enables us to investigate diffusion behavior at higher b‐values and further facilitates the development of quantitative diffusion MRI and radiomics.
Magnetic resonance elastography of the human brain using a multiphase DENSE acquisition
Authors: Strasser Johannes , Haindl Michaela Tanja , Stollberger Rudolf , Fazekas Franz , Ropele Stefan 
Published: January 2019

PurposeIn magnetic resonance elastography (MRE), a series of time‐shifted images is acquired at specific phase offsets in relation to an induced mechanical excitation. To efficiently gather the set of phase offset images and to overcome limitations due to prolonged TEs and related susceptibility artifacts at low‐frequency MRE, we developed an improved displacement encoding with a stimulated echoes (DENSE) method.MethodsThe proposed multiphase DENSE‐MRE acquisition scheme allows full sampling of the wave propagation in 1 encoding direction during each TR using multiple readouts at specific phase offsets. With this approach, all phase offsets can be imaged in 1 TR without the need for whole sequence repetitions at time‐shifted offsets relative to the excitation motion. We tested this technique in phantom experiments with 60 Hz and in the brain of 4 volunteers using 20‐Hz harmonic excitation.ResultsThree‐dimensional wave propagation could be acquired in 7 minutes 30 seconds. Following background phase elimination, clear wave images were obtained, showing the propagation of the waves over time. Calculated shear modulus maps of the phantom matched well to the maps obtained by conventional gradient‐echo MRE. In the brain, low‐frequency DENSE‐MRE images were free of susceptibility‐induced artifacts and the calculated maps showed a median global complex shear modulus magnitude of 0.72 kPa and phase angle of 1.03 rad across volunteers.ConclusionThe proposed multiphase DENSE approach allows efficient low‐frequency MRE with short TEs and is well‐suited for low‐frequency MRE of the human brain.
Exploring the Differences Between Early and Traditional Diet Advancement in Postoperative Feeding Outcomes in Patients With an Ileostomy or Colostomy
Authors: Toledano Sabrina , Sackey Joachim , Willcutts Kate , Parrott J. Scott , Tomesko Jennifer , Al‐Mazrou Ahmed M. , Kiran Ravi P. , Brody Rebecca A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe assessed the differences in postoperative feeding outcomes when comparing early and traditional diet advancement in patients who had an ostomy creation.MethodsAt a U.S. tertiary care hospital, data from patients who underwent an ileostomy or colostomy creation from June 1, 2013, to April 30, 2017 were extracted from an institutional database. Patients who received early diet advancement (postoperative days 0 and 1) were compared with traditional diet advancement (postoperative day 2 and later) for demographics, preoperative risk factors, and operative features. The postoperative feeding outcomes included time to first flatus and ostomy output. Mann‐Whitney U tests determined bivariate differences in postoperative feeding outcomes between groups. Poisson regression was used to adjust for unequal baseline characteristics.ResultsData from 255 patients were included; 204 (80.0%) received early diet advancement, and 51 (20.0%) had traditional diet advancement. Time to first flatus and time to first ostomy output were significantly shorter in the early compared with traditional diet advancement group (median difference of 1 day for both flatus and ostomy output, P < 0.001). Adjusting for baseline group differences (American Society for Anesthesiology Physical Status Classification System, surgical approach, resection and ostomy type) maintained the significant findings for both time to first flatus (β = 1.32, P = 0.01) and time to first ostomy output (β = 1.41, P < 0.001).ConclusionsEarly diet advancement is associated with earlier return of flatus and first ostomy output compared with traditional diet advancement after the creation of an ileostomy or colostomy.