bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computational Methods for Predicting DNA Binding Proteins
Authors: Pan Gaofeng , Wang Jiandong , Zhao Liang , Hoskins William , Tang Jijun 
Published: July 2019

Background:
DNA-binding proteins are very important to many biomolecular functions.
The traditional experimental methods are expensive and time-consuming, so, computational methods
that can predict whether a protein is a DNA-binding protein or not are very helpful to researchers.
Machine learning has been widely used in many research areas. Many researchers have proposed machine
learning methods for DNA-binding protein prediction, and this paper highlights their advantages
and disadvantages.

Objective:
There are many computational methods that can predict DNA-binding proteins. Every
method uses different features and different classifier algorithms. In this paper, a review of these
methods is provided to find out some common procedures that can help researchers to develop more
accurate methods.

Methods:
Firstly, the information stored in the protein sequence and gene sequence is presented. That
information is the basis to find out the patterns leading to binding. Then, feature extraction methods
and classifier algorithms are discussed. At last, some commonly used benchmark datasets are analysed
and evaluated by methods.

Conclusion:
In this review, we analyzed some popular computational methods to predict DNAbinding
protein. From those methods, we highlighted many features necessary to build up an accurate
DNA-binding protein classifier. This can also help researchers to build up more useful computational
tools. Currently, there are some machine learning methods with good performance in predicting DNAbinding
proteins. The performance can be improved by using different kinds of features and classifiers.
Heteroaromatization with 4-Phenyldiazenyl-1-naphthol. Part IV: Synthesis of Some New Heterocyclic Compounds with Potential Biological Activity
Authors: Mohamed Hany M. , Abd El-Wahab Ashraf H.F. 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Synthetic azo compounds and their derivatives have been studied extensively due to
their biological and pharmacological activities. Pyranopyridines, pyranopyrimidines and tetrazoles derivatives
have emerged as a promising and attractive scaffold in the development of potent biological and
pharmacological agents.

Objectives:
To design a series of new benzochromeno(pyridine/pyrimidine/tetrazole) derivatives and evaluate
their antimicrobial activity against some bacterial strains (Gram-positive and Gram-negative) and some fungal
strains.

Materials and Methods:
The (E)-7-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(phenyldiazenyl)-10-thioxo-7,9,10,11-tetrahydro-8Hnaptho[
1,2-b]pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidin-8-one (4) was synthesized by the reaction of 4H-naphtho[1,2-b]pyran-3-
carbonitrile (3) with carbon disulfide in alcoholic potassium hydroxide solution. Reaction of 3 with sodium
azide in DMF and in presence of ammonium chloride afforded 6-(phenyldiazenyl)-3-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-4Hbenzo[
h]chromen-2-amine (7) while with malononitrile, thiourea or urea gave chromeno[2,3-b]pyridine-9-
carbonitrile (8), chromeno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-10-thione (9) and chromeno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-10-one (10),
respectively. The assignment structures were established on the basis of spectral data.

Results:
In this study, the antimicrobial activity of the synthesized compounds 3-12 was examined for their in
vitro antimicrobial activity by using agar diffusion method such as Mueller-Hinton agar medium for bacteria
and Sabouraud’s agar medium for fungi. Ampicillin and mycostatine were included in the experiments as
reference drugs.

Conclusion:
A series of new benzochromeno(pyridine/pyrimidine/tetrazole) derivatives were synthesized in
this work. All compounds were evaluated in antimicrobial activities.
Recent Progress in the Synthesis of Quinolines
Authors: Xuan Duc Dau 
Published: July 2019

Background:Quinoline-containing compounds present in both natural and synthetic products are an important class of heterocyclic compounds. Many of the substituted quinolines have been used in various areas including medicine as drugs. Compounds with quinoline skeleton possess a wide range of bioactivities such as antimalarial, anti-bacterial, anthelmintic, anticonvulsant, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activity. Due to such a wide range of applicability, the synthesis of quinoline derivatives has attracted a lot of attention of chemists to develop effective methods. Many known methods have been expanded and improved. Furthermore, various new methods for quinoline synthesis have been established. This review will focus on considerable studies on the synthesis of quinolines date which back to 2014.Objective:In this review, we discussed recent achievements on the synthesis of quinoline compounds. Some classical methods have been modified and improved, while other new methods have been developed. A vast variety of catalysts were used for these transformations. In some studies, quinoline synthesis reaction mechanisms were also displayed.Conclusion:Many methods for the synthesis of substituted quinoline rings have been developed recently. Over the past five years, the majority of those reported have been based on cycloisomerization and cyclization processes. Undoubtedly, more imaginative approaches to quinoline synthesis will appear in the literature in the near future. The application of known methods to natural product synthesis is probably the next challenge in the field.
Evaluation of the Agreement Between the Tissue Sample and Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) Fluid in the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Patients with Anthracosis
Authors: Samet Mohammad , Rahimian Masoud , Meshkat Samaneh , Zand Sanaz 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Black dust deposited in the lungs is called anthracosis. By damaging
bronchial mucosa, anthracosis can affect the mucociliary cleaning function. Initial reports indicate
that there is a relationship between anthracosis and pulmonary tuberculosis. Due to obstructive
effects of anthracosis on distal airways and disruption in a proper sampling of bronchoalveolar
lavage (BAL), other diagnostic methods are necessary for estimating the tuberculosis prevalence in
these patients. The aims of this study was to evaluate tissue samples adjacent to an anthracotic plaque
for acid-fast bacilli smear and culture.

Methods:
his is a cross-sectional analysis study on 100 patients referred to Shahid Sadoughi
Hospital who required bronchoscopy and anthracotic plaque based on bronchoscopy results.
Bronchial fluid lavage, two biopsy samples for culture, and a smear of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
from the surrounding of these plaques were prepared. Data analyses were carried out using SPSS
(version 18).

Results:
One-hundred patients og the age range 46-91years were studied. The patients with
tuberculosis diagnosis based on the smear of BAL and bronchial tissue samples and culture of BAL
and bronchial tissue samples were 7%, 13%, 6% and 8% respectively. The presence of granuloma in
histopathology was seen in 15 patients infected with tuberculosis. (κ > 0.04, p-value <0.05). In
patients with positive tuberculosis, culture of bronchoalveolar lavage was superior to other methods.

Conclusions:
Diagnostic value of BAL method and tissue biopsy in anthracosis patients with
tuberculosis did not show a statistically significant difference. As compared with other methods,
BAL culture was more positive. Therefore, tissue biopsy is not a good alternative to BAL.
Determination and Evaluation of Natural and Synthetic Dyes in Traditional Rock Candies (Nabat) Distributed in Tehran
Authors: Sadeghi Zahra , Shariatifar Nabi , Khaniki Gholamreza J. , Nabizadeh Ramin , Khaneghah Amin M. 
Published: July 2019

Background:The color of food products is one of the most important factors proposed by the consumer. Therefore, incorporation of coloring agents into food dates back to ancient times. Nowadays, various types of synthetic dyes are produced and widely used as part of formulations of food products to increase customer’s interest As the safety of this material is questionable, many of them are banned, or the level of their use is limited by the authorities. Among them, saffron is the only food color permitted for use in Nabat as a traditional rock candy which is mostly consumed in Iran. Therefore, the current investigation was aimed to determine the levels of artificial colors in traditional hard candy (Nabat) manufactured by organized and unorganized sectors distributed in Tehran.Methods:In this regard, 137 samples, (68 samples from unorganized sector and 69 samples from the organized sector), were collected in summer 2016. Analysis of samples was done according to the Iranian national standard through thin layer chromatography method. Also, the High-performance thin layer chromatography was used for reanalyzing five samples.Results:Findings showed that 64.7% of unorganized rock candy contained artificial food colors that 26.53% of these dyes are banned. About 5.8% of samples from the organized sector contained synthetic dyes that 25% of them are forbidden. The most commonly used color in both groups was defined as quinoline yellow.Conclusion:The high percentage of synthetic food color usage in unorganized sectors urges the necessity to control them, especially the incorporation of synthetic food dyes in Nabat. Therefore, the training providers and consumers and the monitoring of the production, have encouraged the manufacturers to develop and deploy health professionals and health license.
A New Reactive Ketenaminal: Synthesis, Coupling Reaction, Tautomeric Study, Docking and Antimicrobial Evaluation of the Products
Authors: Mahmoud Huda K. , Katouah Hanadi A. , Harras Marwa F. , Farghaly Thoraya A. 
Published: July 2019

Background:
One of the most successful reagents used in the synthesis of the reactive
enaminone is DMF-DMA, but it is very expensive with harmful effects on the human health and
reacts with special compounds to generate the enaminone such as active methylene centers.

Aim:
In this article, we synthesized a new ketenaminal by simple method with inexpensive reagents
(through desulfurization in diphenylether).

Methods:
Thus, a novel reactive ketenaminal (enaminone) was synthesized from the desulfurization
of 2-((2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-oxoethyl)thio)-5,7-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-
4(3H)-one with diphenylether. The starting keteneaminal was coupled with diazotized anilines via
the known coupling conditions to give a new series of 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2-(arylhydrazono)-2-
oxoethyl)-5,7-bis(4-methoxy-phenyl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(1H)-ones.

Results:
The structures of the new compounds were elucidated based on their IR, 1H-NMR,
13CNMR, and Mass spectra. Moreover, the potency of these compounds as antimicrobial agents
has been evaluated. The results showed that some of the products have high activity nearly equal
to that of the used standard antibiotic. Additionally, the docking study was done to get the binding
mode of the synthesized compounds with the binding site of the DHFR enzyme. The results of molecular
docking of the synthesized arylhydrazono compounds are able to fit in DHFR binding site
with binding energies ranging from -4.989 to -8.178 Kcal/mol.

Conclusion:
Our goal was achieved in this context by the synthesis of new ketenaminal from inexpensive
reagents, which was utilized in the preparation of bioactive arylhydrazone derivatives.
Highly Active and Durable Nanostructured Ni-CNTs-HG Composite Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Production
Authors: Du Jing , Wang Lixin , Li Jingmei , Cao Lei , Dang Shijia , Qin Xiujuan 
Published: July 2019

Background:
World energy crisis has triggered more attention to energy developing of
clean energy carrier. To find simple, economical and effective hydrogen evolution reaction catalysts
is one of the major challenges. Rational design and modification of electrocatalysts materials are of
great importance for the development of low-cost and effective catalysts.

Methods:
Herein, we report a Ni-CNTs-HG/NF electrode catalyst, which is fabricated on the surface
of Ni foam by electrodeposition technique. The fabrication strategy allows the construction of a
composite architecture with the Ni foam morphology at the macro level, and the Ni nanoparticles
supported by carbon nanotubes and Hydrophilic graphene nanosheets at the nanoscopic level.

Results:
Compared to NF electrocatalyst, the Ni-CNTs-HG/NF, the CNTs and HG sheets possess the
largest electrocatalytic active surface area, providing Ni nanoparticles with catalytically active sites.
The Ni-CNTs-HG/NF electrocatalyst exhibits better HER performance in alkaline electrolytes.

Conclusion:
The Ni-CNTs-HG cathode performs its activity under alkaline conditions with an overpotential
i.e 56 and 227 mV at a current density of 10 and 100mAcm-2, which is much lower than
that of Ni foam electrode (423 and 278 mV). The secret of the enhanced electrochemical activity lies
in its interior structure by coupling metal nanoparticles with carbon materials.
Hydroxytyrosol and Oleuropein Inhibit Migration and Invasion of MDA-MB-231 Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell via Induction of Autophagy
Authors: Lu Hui-Yuan , Zhu Jian-Sheng , Zhang Zhan , Shen Wei-Jian , Jiang Shan , Long Yun-Feng , Wu Bin , Ding Tao , Huan Fei , Wang Shou-Lin 
Published: July 2019

Background:Breast Cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women. As such, novel chemotherapeutic agents are urgently needed, especially for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC). Hydroxytyrosol (HT) and Oleuropein (OL) are rich in olive oil, which is associated with a low occurrence of BC. However, the effects and mechanisms of action of HT and OL in BC cells are still unclear. This study aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the antitumor effect of HT and OL in TNBC.Methods:TNBC MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with HT and OL in combination with Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF), rapamycin (Rapa, an inducer of autophagy) or 3-methyladenine (3-MA, an inhibitor of autophagy). Cell viability, migration, invasion, and autophagy signaling were analyzed by scratch assays, transwell migration assays, and Western blot analysis.Results:Treatment with HT or OL reduced MDA-MB-231 cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. MDAMB- 231 cells were more sensitive to HT treatment than OL treatment. Rapa treatment could significantly block HGF-induced MDA-MB-231 cell migration and invasion, suggesting that inhibition of autophagy could promote migration and invasion. Moreover, HT or OL treatment significantly suppressed HGF or 3-MA induced cell migration and invasion by reversing LC3-II/LC3-I and Beclin-1 downregulation and reversing p62 upregulation.Conclusion:These data indicated that HT and OL may inhibit migration and invasion of TNBC cells by activating autophagy. These findings provide potential therapeutic strategies that target autophagy to limit the pathogenesis and progression of BC.
Design of an Intelligent Target Spraying Robot for Processing Hyphantria Cunea Larva Nets
Authors: Zhao Ying , Gao Rongzhi , Ma Changqing , Tian Zhonglai , Zhao Dongjie , Zhang Laigang , Sun Qun 
Published: July 2019

Background:
The Hyphantria cunea is a worldwide quarantine pest. It has the characteristics
of a wide variety of recipes, strong adaptability, wide transmission channels and serious harm,
which seriously endanger the sustainable development of the ecological environment. At present, the
control methods of the Hyphantria cunea are costly and inefficient.

Objective:
An intelligent target spraying robot based on machine vision is designed for cleansing Hyphantria
cunea larva nets according to the characteristics of the net curtain and the background color.

Methodology:
The mobile mechanism of the spraying robot is based on a crawler type trolley and the
three-dimensional movements are achieved by stepping motor and synchronous belt driving linear
guide slider in the horizontal plane, and by the lead screw in the vertical direction. The on-board
software controls the hand-eye actuator to scan the target trees with a specific trajectory, and performs
image processing to identify the target so as to intelligently spray on the target.

Results:
The spraying robot can cope with the irregular distribution of Hyphantria cunea larva nets,
and can realize the three-dimensional movement of the nozzle, and perform the progressive scanning
to identify the larva nets, and the robot controls the nozzle to spray the medicine, thereby realizing
the intelligent spraying of the target.

Conclusion:
Experiments show that accurate target spraying of the robot can be achieved, and the
target coverage rate can reach up to 85% of the total larva nets, which greatly improves the spraying
efficiency.
A Hybrid Data Reduction and Knowledge Extraction Algorithm for Quality Prediction
Authors: Wang Meng , Zhou Shiyuan , Dong Zhankui , Li Xiupeng 
Published: July 2019

Background:
With the explosive growth of the manufacturing data, the manufacturing
enterprises paid more and more attention to dealing with the manufacturing big data. The manufacturing
big data also can be summarized as "5Vs”, volume, variety, velocity, veracity and value. Recently,
the researchers are focused on proposing better knowledge discovery algorithms to handling
the manufacturing big data.

Objective:
The high dimensional data can be reduced from two directions. The one was the dimension
reduction. It makes the data set simple and overcome the problem of curse dimensionality.
This method reduced the data set form the data width.

Methods:
We proposed a hybrid data reduction and knowledge extraction algorithm (HDRKE) for
quality prediction. There are 5 steps in the algorithm: Step 1: Data preprocessing; Step 2: Dimension
reduction; Step 3: Extract SVs by SVM; Step 4: Extract rules from the subset; Step 5: Prediction
by the rules extracted in step 3.

Results:
The presented HDRKE method reduced the data scales from the data dimensions and the
data attributions. Then, the prediction method was used on the subset of reduced data. At last, the
HDRKE method was applied to a enterprise sample, the validation of the method can be validated
on the enterprise sample.

Conclusion:
Quality prediction and control was an important procedure in manufacturing. The
HDRKE algorithm was a novel method based on the attribution reduction and dimensionality reduce.
The data set simplified from double direction made the data set easily to calculate. The
HDRKE method also proposed a new thought of decision rules extracting on the low-embeddings.
The HDRKE method also applied to a manufacturing instance and proved its validity.
Nitrogen, Sulfur Co-Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide: Synthesis and Characterization
Authors: Abdul Mannan Md. , Hirano Yudai , Quitain Armando T. , Koinuma Michio , Kida Tetsuya 
Published: July 2019

Objective and Method:
In this present research, a simple hydrothermal implantation technique
for synthesizing N,S co-doped reduced graphene oxide (NS-r-GO) has been presented in which
thiourea was used as a single-source precursor of N and S atoms.

Results:
Maximum N and S atoms, with an atomic percentage of 3.50 and 7.50 (at.%), were achieved
in the GO matrix at the reaction temperature of 250°C. Introduction of N and S atoms into the GO lattice
was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Different chemical bonds such as –C–
S–C, C=O, N–O, and C–N–C have been suggested from the corresponding C1s, N1s, O1s, and S2p
high-resolution XPS spectral analyses.

Conclusion:
FT-IR measurement also confirmed the presence of different functional groups as well as
the formation of different bonds such as –OH, –N–H, –C=O, –C–OH, and C-S. XRD and Raman
spectroscopy analyses confirmed the defects structures that arose from the penetration of N and S atoms
into the GO lattice.
Formulation, Optimization, and Evaluation of Ketoconazole Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carrier Gel for Topical Delivery
Authors: Ranpise Hemant A. , Gujar Kishore N. , Pawar Sachin C. , Awasthi Rajendra , Dua Kamal , Mathure Dyandevi , Madan Jyotsana R. 
Published: July 2019

Objective:
Ketoconazole is used in the treatment of superficial and systemic fungal infections.
It acts by blocking the synthesis of ergosterol, an essential component of the fungal cell membrane.
The purpose of this work was to formulate ketoconazole loaded nanostructured lipid carriers
formulation for skin targeting to minimize the adverse side effects and to prolong release.

Methods:
The ketoconazole loaded nanostructured lipid carriers were optimized using 32 factorial design
to evaluate the effects of process and formulation variables. The nanostructured lipid carriers were
prepared by melt-dispersion ultra-sonication method. The formulations were finally incorporated into
polymeric gels of Carbopol 940 for convenient application. The gels were evaluated comparatively
with commercially available formulations of ketoconazole with respect to ex vivo skin permeation and
deposition study on human cadaver skin.

Results:
Nanostructured lipid carriers showed average particle size, zeta potential, and percentage entrapment
in the range of 125.8 ± 1.8 to 295.0 ± 3.8 nm, -13.2 ± 1.1 to -30.9 ± 2.2 mV, and 69.47 ± 2.8
to 95.49 ± 4.5, respectively. Thermal studies revealed no drug-excipient incompatibility and amorphization
of ketoconazole. Ex vivo study of the gel exhibited prolonged drug release up to 12 h. In vitro
drug deposition study showed that the gel formulation can avoid the systemic uptake, better accumulative
uptake of the drug, and nonirritant to the skin compared to marketed formulation. Optimized formulation
exhibited better antifungal activity when compared to ketoconazole loaded gel and marketed
cream (Keto ® cream). Histolopathology results indicated no toxic effect on the skin.

Conclusion:
These results indicate that developed nanostructured lipid-carriers gel formulation represents
a promising carrier for topical delivery of ketoconazole, having controlled drug release, and potential
of skin targeting.
Efectos de la generación de energía hidroeléctrica en la reproducción de Prochilodus magdalenae (Prochilodontidae): evidencia de la respuesta endocrina
Authors: De Fex-Wolf Daniela , López-Casas Silvia , Jiménez-Segura Luz Fernanda 
Published: July 2019

Objetivo. Describir la respuesta endocrina asociada con la reproducción de un pez potamódromo tropical ante cambios en el régimen de descarga de caudal producido por la generación de hidro-energía en un río Andino. Materiales y métodos. Se analizó la reproducción de Prochilodus magdalenae en individuos de dos sectores de una cuenca neotropical: uno con flujo hidrológico natural y otro con un régimen regulado. Resultados. En la sección de la cuenca con flujo natural, se encontró que la producción de hormonas relacionadas con la reproducción de peces (FSH y LH) estaba correlacionada con el índice gonadosomático, mientras que en peces bajo la influencia del pulso de agua producto de la operación hidroeléctrica esta correlación no fue detectada. Conclusiones. La producción de hormonas asociadas con la reproducción en peces potamódromos fue sensible a cambios en el nivel/caudal. En consecuencia, peces expuestos a las alteraciones en el pulso de caudal estarían recibiendo estímulos ambiguos que afectan la producción de hormonas, la sincronización de la reproducción con las señales ambientales y la maduración, lo cual es esencial para el éxito reproductivo.