bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioinorganics and Wound Healing
Authors: Dalisson Benjamin , Barralet Jake 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWound dressings and the healing enhancement (increasing healing speed and quality) are two components of wound care that lead to a proper healing. Wound care today consists mostly of providing an optimal environment by removing waste and necrotic tissues from a wound, preventing infections, and keeping the wounds adequately moist. This is however often not enough to re‐establish the healing process in chronic wounds; with the local disruption of vascularization, the local environment is lacking oxygen, nutrients, and has a modified ionic and molecular concentration which limits the healing process. This disruption may affect cellular ionic pumps, energy production, chemotaxis, etc., and will affect the healing process. Biomaterials for wound healing range from simple absorbents to sophisticated bioactive delivery vehicles. Often placing a material in or on a wound can change multiple parameters such as pH, ionic concentration, and osmolarity, and it can be challenging to pinpoint key mechanism of action. This article reviews the literature of several inorganic ions and molecules and their potential effects on the different wound healing phases and their use in new wound dressings.
A Review on Graphene Fibers: Expectations, Advances, and Prospects
Authors: Fang Bo , Chang Dan , Xu Zhen , Gao Chao 
Published: August 2019

AbstractGraphene fiber (GF) is a macroscopically assembled fibrous material made of individual units of graphene and its derivatives. Beyond traditional carbon fibers, graphene building blocks consisting of regulable sizes and regular orientations of GF are expected to generate extreme mechanical and transport properties, as well as multiple functions in smart electronic fibrous devices and textiles. Here, the features of GF are presented along four lines: preparation, morphology, structure–performance correlations, and state‐of‐the‐art applications as flexible and wearable electronics. The principles, experiments, and keys of fabricating GF from graphite with different methods, focusing on the industrially viable mainstream strategy, wet spinning, are introduced. Then, the fundamental relationship between the mechanical and transport properties and the structure, including both highly condensed structures for high‐performance and hierarchical structures for multiple functions, is presented. The advances of GF based on structure–performance formulas boost its functional applications, especially in electronic devices. Finally, the possible promotion methods and structural–functional integrated applications of GF are discussed.
Simultaneous Bottom‐Up Interfacial and Bulk Defect Passivation in Highly Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cells using Nonconjugated Small‐Molecule Electrolytes
Authors: Zheng Ding , Peng Ruixiang , Wang Gang , Logsdon Jenna Leigh , Wang Binghao , Hu Xiaobing , Chen Yao , Dravid Vinayak P. , Wasielewski Michael R. , Yu Junsheng , Huang Wei , Ge Ziyi , Marks Tobin J. , Facchetti Antonio 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRecent perovskite solar cell (PSC) advances have pursued strategies for reducing interfacial energetic mismatches to mitigate energy losses, as well as to minimize interfacial and bulk defects and ion vacancies to maximize charge transfer. Here nonconjugated multi‐zwitterionic small‐molecule electrolytes (NSEs) are introduced, which act not only as charge‐extracting layers for barrier‐free charge collection at planar triple cation PSC cathodes but also passivate charged defects at the perovskite bulk/interface via a spontaneous bottom‐up passivation effect. Implementing these synergistic properties affords NSE‐based planar PSCs that deliver a remarkable power conversion efficiency of 21.18% with a maximum VOC = 1.19 V, in combination with suppressed hysteresis and enhanced environmental, thermal, and light‐soaking stability. Thus, this work demonstrates that the bottom‐up, simultaneous interfacial and bulk trap passivation using NSE modifiers is a promising strategy to overcome outstanding issues impeding further PSC advances.
Rapid Open‐Air Digital Light 3D Printing of Thermoplastic Polymer
Authors: Deng Shihong , Wu Jingjun , Dickey Michael D. , Zhao Qian , Xie Tao 
Published: August 2019

Abstract3D printing has witnessed a new era in which highly complexed customized products become reality. Realizing its ultimate potential requires simultaneous attainment of both printing speed and product versatility. Among various printing techniques, digital light processing (DLP) stands out in its high speed but is limited to intractable light curable thermosets. Thermoplastic polymers, despite their reprocessibility that allows more options for further manipulation, are restricted to intrinsically slow printing methods such as fused deposition modeling. Extending DLP to thermoplastics is highly desirable, but is challenging due to the need to reach rapid liquid–solid separation during the printing process. Here, a successful attempt at DLP printing of thermoplastic polymers is reported, realized by controlling two competing kinetic processes (polymerization and polymer dissolution) simultaneously occurring during printing. With a selected monomer, 4‐acryloylmorpholine (ACMO), printing of thermoplastic 3D scaffolds is demonstrated, which can be further converted into various materials/devices utilizing its unique water‐soluble characteristic. The ultralow viscosity of ACMO, along with surface oxygen inhibition, allows rapid liquid flow toward high‐speed open‐air printing. The process simplicity, enabling mechanism, and material versatility broaden the scope of 3D printing in constructing functional 3D devices including reconfigurable antenna, shape‐shifting structures, and microfluidics.
Amorphous Core–Shell Nanoparticles as a Highly Effective and Stable Battery‐Type Electrode for Hybrid Supercapacitors
Authors: Cheng Danyu , Zhong Qin , Wang Juan , Bu Yunfei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHerein, a silver@amorphous nickel–cobalt hydroxide (Ag@NCOH) battery‐type electrode with the morphology of core–shell nanoparticle is successfully fabricated through coordination etching and precipitating route. This electrode exhibits excellent electrochemical performance, including superior specific capacity (≈718.1 C g−1 at 1 A g−1), excellent rate capability (71.9% capacity retention at 30 A g−1), as well as good cycling stability (83.2% capacity retention over 4000 cycles) for hybrid supercapacitors. According to the results of the characterization analysis and systematic electrochemical testing, the Ag nanoparticles in core–shell structure can significantly enhance the conductivity and accelerate the rate of electron transport. Meanwhile, the nanostructures and grain boundaries of amorphous hydroxide materials can effectively improve to expose the electrochemical active sites to electrolyte. Moreover, the hybrid supercapacitor assembled from Ag@NCOH and active carbon (AC) exhibits good performance (energy density of 39.88 W h kg−1 at power density of 375 W kg−1) and superior cycling stability (85.39% capacitance retention over 9000 cycles). This work demonstrates an effective strategy to construct highly effective and stable amorphous electrode materials for hybrid supercapacitors.
Ultrafast Self‐Healing and Injectable Conductive Hydrogel for Strain and Pressure Sensors
Authors: Ye Fengming , Li Meng , Ke Dingning , Wang Liping , Lu Yi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe in vivo detection of body motion and subtle physiological signals, including respiration and sphygmus waves, remains a major challenge. High‐precision, miniature sensors are urgently needed to investigate physiological responses against particular stimuli. Injectable conductive self‐healing (ICSH) hydrogels are promising candidates for flexible wearable electronics in healthcare monitoring, owing to their mechanical and electrical characteristics. Given this, an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) of multiwalled carbon nanotube‐poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate)‐polyacrylamide‐poly(vinyl alcohol)/borax composite hydrogel (CNT‐PEDOT‐PAM‐PVA) is cross‐linked in a simplified process to achieve reliable physiological signal detection. The CNT‐PEDOT‐PAM‐PVA IPN offers ultra‐low Young's modulus, high stretchability, rapid self‐healing, and injectability. A miniature strain sensor fabricated via material injection shows consistent and linear responses to mechanical stimuli. It can distinguish between the respiration amplitude and frequency of a mouse during different activities. Pressure micro‐sensors fabricated through bottom‐up printing–injecting can successfully monitor precise sphygmus signals from the human radial and carotid arteries. The feasibility and advantages of ICSH hydrogels in the detection of physiological signals in vivo are demonstrated. Such miniature sensors can contribute to healthcare monitoring and the understanding of the biological basis of a particular behavior or neuropsychiatric disorder.
Rapid Softlithography Using 3D‐Printed Molds
Authors: Razavi Bazaz Sajad , Kashaninejad Navid , Azadi Shohreh , Patel Kamal , Asadnia Mohsen , Jin Dayong , Ebrahimi Warkiani Majid 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPolydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is a long‐standing material of significant interest in microfluidics due to its unique features. As such, rapid prototyping of PDMS‐based microchannels is of great interest. The most prevalent and conventional method for fabrication of PDMS‐based microchips relies on softlithography, the main drawback of which is the preparation of a master mold, which is costly and time‐consuming. To prevent the attachment of PDMS to the master mold, silanization is necessary, which can be detrimental for cellular studies. Additionally, using coating the mold with a cell‐compatible surfactant adds extra preprocessing time. Recent advances in 3D printing have shown great promise in expediting microfabrication. Nevertheless, current 3D printing techniques are sub‐optimal for PDMS softlithography. The feasibility of producing master molds suitable for rapid softlithography is demonstrated using a newly developed 3D‐printing resin. Moreover, the utility of this technique is showcased for a number of widely used applications, such as concentration gradient generation, particle separation, cell culture (to show biocompatibility of the process), and fluid mixing. This can open new opportunities for biologists and scientists with minimum knowledge of microfabrication to build functional microfluidic devices for their basic and applied research.
Negative Thermal Quenching of Efficient White‐Light Emission in a 1D Ladder‐Like Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Material
Authors: Barkaoui Hamdi , Abid Haitham , Zelewski Szymon , Urban Joanna , Baranowski Michal , Mlayah Adnen , Triki Smail , Plochocka Paulina , Abid Younes 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe synthesis and the optical properties of a new organic–inorganic hybrid material (C6H22N4)[Pb2Br8] (abbreviated as TETAPb2Br8) is reported here. Its ladder‐like crystal structure is built up from infinite 1D chains of corner‐sharing [Pb2Br8]4− bi‐octahedra surrounded by tetra‐protonated triethylenetetramine (abbreviated as TETA4+) organic cations. Under UV excitation, this hybrid organic–inorganic compound emits white light due to radiative recombinations of self‐trapped excitons associated with a structural distortion of the PbBr6 octahedra. Thin films of TETAPb2Br8 show a photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield of ≈11% and exhibit a Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage coordinates of (0.32, 0.37). In the low‐temperature range, the PL intensity increases with increasing temperature. This negative thermal quenching of white‐light emission is interpreted in terms of transitions between excitonic states involving an exciton–phonon interaction. The interpretations are supported by the temperature dependence of the resonant Raman scattering and by density functional theory calculations.
Self‐Limiting Growth of Ultrathin GaN/AlN Quantum Wells for Highly Efficient Deep Ultraviolet Emitters
Authors: Kobayashi Hirotsugu , Ichikawa Shuhei , Funato Mitsuru , Kawakami Yoichi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractGaN/AlN ultrathin quantum wells (QWs) emitting in the deep UV spectral range are fabricated by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. The GaN thickness is automatically limited to the monolayer (ML) scale due to the balance between crystallization and evaporation of Ga adatoms. This growth characteristic facilitates the fabrication of highly reproducible GaN ML QWs. The strong quantum confinement within the GaN ML QWs achieves emissions below 250 nm. The photoluminescence intensity at room temperature with respect to that at low temperature, which is closely related to the emission internal quantum efficiency, is drastically improved from 0.1% for a conventional Al0.8Ga0.2N/AlN QWs to 5% for a 1 ML GaN/AlN (0001) QW and 50% for a 2 ML GaN/AlN (102) QW under weak excitation conditions. These higher emission efficiencies are attributed to the suppressed nonradiative recombination in the GaN QWs and the enhanced radiative recombination in the (102) QW.
Smart Nanotechnologies to Target Tumor with Deep Penetration Depth for Efficient Cancer Treatment and Imaging
Authors: Feng Xue , Dixon Hannah , Glen‐Ravenhill Harriet , Karaosmanoglu Sena , Li Quan , Yan Li , Chen Xianfeng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNanomedicines have long been expected to significantly enhance cancer treatment. However, their clinical translation is still very limited despite the world's great efforts during the last two decades. One of the reasons is that the transport barriers within tumors restrict their penetration into tumors, with most nanomedicines remaining among the top submicrometer to several micrometers scale. Therefore, there is extensive interest in the field to understand the tumor microenvironment and develop techniques to boost the penetration of nanomedicines in tumors. This review emphasizes the need for smart nanotechnology to fit the changing requirements of nanomedicines for effective drug delivery, particularly the technologies for deep penetration of nanomedicines in tumor tissues, and explores their mechanisms in order to achieve multistage requirement during the applications of nanomedicines in patients. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of current approaches to facilitate the deep penetration of nanomedicines are discussed and possible future avenues for smart nanotechnology are identified.
Blood–Brain Barrier Dysfunction in a 3D In Vitro Model of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Shin Yoojin , Choi Se Hoon , Kim Eunhee , Bylykbashi Enjana , Kim Jeong Ah , Chung Seok , Kim Doo Yeon , Kamm Roger D. , Tanzi Rudolph E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHarmful materials in the blood are prevented from entering the healthy brain by a highly selective blood–brain barrier (BBB), and impairment of barrier function has been associated with a variety of neurological diseases. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), BBB breakdown has been shown to occur even before cognitive decline and brain pathology. To investigate the role of the cerebral vasculature in AD, a physiologically relevant 3D human neural cell culture microfluidic model is developed having a brain endothelial cell monolayer with a BBB‐like phenotype. This model is shown to recapitulate several key aspects of BBB dysfunction observed in AD patients: increased BBB permeability, decreased expression of claudin‐1, claudin‐5, and VE‐cadherin, increased expression of matrix‐metalloproteinase‐2 and reactive oxygen species, and deposition of β‐amyloid (Aβ) peptides at the vascular endothelium. Thus, it provides a well‐controlled platform for investigating BBB function as well as for screening of new drugs that need to pass the BBB to gain access to neural tissues.
Senior managers’ awareness of sun protection policy predicts implementation of worksite sun safety in a randomized trial
Authors: Walkosz Barbara J. , Buller David B. , Buller Mary Klein , Wallis Allan , Liu Xia 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundOutdoor workers experience chronic exposure to harmful ultraviolet radiation (UV) elevating their risk for skin cancer.MethodsA controlled randomized trial promoted the adoption of workplace sun safety policy and employee education at 98 public organizations in Colorado. A 2‐year follow‐up study with 68 organizations assessed the association of senior manager awareness of sun safety policies and implementation of sun safety actions.ResultsSenior managers’ awareness of existing sun safety policies, but not their personal sun protection behaviors, predicted implementation of sun safety actions including the number of sun protection messages and sun protection items in the workplace and increased communication about sun safety to employees.ConclusionsOrganizational adoption of sun safety policy must include efforts to broadly inform a workplace's senior management to ensure the policies are actually implemented and provide support for sun protection behaviors by outdoor workers to reduce UV exposure and skin cancer risk.
Longitudinal MRI findings in patient with SLC25A12 pathogenic variants inform disease progression and classification
Authors: Kavanaugh Brian C. , Warren Emily B. , Baytas Ozan , Schmidt Michael , Merck Derek , Buch Karen , Liu Judy S. , Phornphutkul Chanika , Caruso Paul , Morrow Eric M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAspartate–glutamate carrier 1 (AGC1) is one of two exchangers within the malate‐aspartate shuttle. AGC1 is encoded by the SLC25A12 gene. Three patients with pathogenic variants in SLC25A12 have been reported in the literature. These patients were clinically characterized by neurodevelopmental delay, epilepsy, hypotonia, cerebral atrophy, and hypomyelination; however, there has been discussion in the literature as to whether this hypomyelination is primary or secondary to a neuronal defect. Here we report a 12‐year‐old patient with variants in SLC25A12 and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at multiple ages. Novel compound heterozygous, recessive variants in SLC25A12 were identified: c.1295C>T (p.A432V) and c.1447‐2_1447‐1delAG. Clinical presentation is characterized by severe intellectual disability, nonambulatory, nonverbal status, hypotonia, epilepsy, spastic quadriplegia, and a happy disposition. The serial neuroimaging findings are notable for cerebral atrophy with white matter involvement, namely, early hypomyelination yet subsequent progression of myelination. The longitudinal MRI findings are most consistent with a leukodystrophy of the leuko‐axonopathy category, that is, white matter abnormalities that are most suggestive of mechanisms that result from primary neuronal defects. We present here the first case of a patient with compound heterozygous variants in SLC25A12, including brain MRI findings, in the oldest individual reported to date with this neurogenetic condition.
Endoscopic repair of spontaneous skull base defects decreases the incidence rate of intracranial complications
Authors: Allensworth Jordan J. , Rowan Nicholas R. , Storck Kristina A. , Woodworth Bradford A. , Schlosser Rodney J. 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundSpontaneous skull base defects can result in life‐threatening intracranial complications (ICCs), including meningitis and pneumocephalus. Endoscopic skull base reconstruction (ESBR) has traditionally been the treatment of choice, but its impact upon ICCs is not known. In this study, we aimed to describe the incidence rate of preoperative ICCs in patients with spontaneous skull base defects, risk factors associated with ICC development, and the impact of surgical repair on the incidence rate of ICCs.MethodsA retrospective review was performed of all spontaneous skull base defects undergoing ESBR from 2005 to 2019 at 2 academic tertiary care medical centers. The incidence rate of ICCs and the demographics information and risk factors were collected.ResultsIn 222 spontaneous skull base defects, preoperative ICCs occurred in 46 subjects (20.7%) with an incidence rate of 22.7 per 100 person‐years. Factors significantly associated with preoperative ICCs included symptom duration, reduced body mass index (BMI), resolved cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea, and location in the frontal or lateral sphenoid sinuses. Endoscopic repair was successful in 97.2% of subjects and the postoperative ICC incidence rate was significantly reduced at 0.8 per 100 person‐years (p < 0.001).ConclusionSpontaneous skull base defects pose significant risk for life‐threatening ICCs. Our findings reveal significantly elevated odds of ICC development associated with resolved CSF rhinorrhea, lower BMI, longer duration of symptoms, and defect location. Endoscopic repair is highly successful with low morbidity and significantly reduces the incidence rate of intracranial complications.
Frontal sinus “mega‐trephination” in a tertiary rhinology practice
Authors: Geltzeiler Mathew , Mowery Alia , Detwiller Kara Y. , Mace Jess C. , Smith Timothy L. 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundFrontal sinus trephination is traditionally performed through a small cutaneous incision and osteotomy, allowing irrigation of the frontal sinus. Utilizing the trephination osteotomy for endoscopic visualization and surgical manipulation requires a larger opening. This “mega‐trephination” is thought to carry an increased risk of cosmetic deformity given the increased bony removal at the anterior table. The purpose of our study was to clarify the risks of frontal sinus mega‐trephination and examine how this technique is incorporated into a modern, tertiary care rhinology practice.MethodsPatients were identified through billing records and confirmed by retrospective chart review. All patients underwent frontal sinus mega‐trephination, which is defined as an osteotomy large enough for insertion of a 4‐mm endoscope and an operative instrument simultaneously. All patients had at least 2 years of follow‐up. The primary outcome was complication rate, including cosmetic deformity.ResultsSixty‐four patients underwent frontal sinus mega‐trephination from 2006 to 2016. The most common surgical indications were chronic sinusitis (34%), mucocele (19%), osteoma (17%), acute sinusitis (11%), and inverting papilloma (9%). Ten patients (16%) underwent mega‐trephination alone, whereas the others had mega‐trephination with endoscopic sinus surgery. Twenty‐one patients (33%) had minor complications. The most common complications were self‐limited paresthesia (11%), infection (8%), and epistaxis (3%). No patient complained of permanent cosmetic deformity or required revision surgery for cosmesis.ConclusionFrontal sinus mega‐trephination is a useful tool to augment the rhinologist's armamentarium in complex frontal sinus anatomy and pathology. This procedure is well tolerated, safe, and not associated with long‐term cosmetic deformity.
Peptide Brush Polymers for Efficient Delivery of a Gene Editing Protein to Stem Cells
Authors: Blum Angela P. , Nelles David A. , Hidalgo Francisco J. , Touve Mollie A. , Sim Deborah S. , Madrigal Assael A. , Yeo Gene W. , Gianneschi Nathan C. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe scarcity of effective means to deliver functional proteins to living cells is a central problem in biotechnology and medicine. Herein, we report the efficient delivery of an active DNA‐modifying enzyme to human stem cells through high‐density cell penetrating peptide brush polymers. Cre recombinase is mixed with a fluorophore‐tagged polymer carrier and then applied directly to induced pluripotent stem cells or HEK293T cells. This results in efficient delivery of Cre protein as measured by activation of a genomically integrated Cre‐mediated recombination reporter. We observed that brush polymer formulations utilizing cell penetrating peptides promoted Cre delivery but oligopeptides alone or oligopeptides displayed on nanoparticles did not. Overall, we report the efficient delivery of a genome‐modifying enzyme to stem cells that may be generalizable to other, difficult‐to‐transduce cell types.