bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
KDM5B decommissions the H3K4 methylation landscape of self-renewal genes during trophoblast stem cell differentiation
Authors: Xu Jian , Kidder Benjamin L. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
Trophoblast stem (TS) cells derived from the trophectoderm (TE) of mammalian embryos have the ability to self-renew indefinitely or differentiate into fetal lineages of the placenta. Epigenetic control of gene expression plays an instrumental role in dictating the fate of TS cell self-renewal and differentiation. However, the roles of histone demethylases and activating histone modifications such as methylation of histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4me3/me2) in regulating TS cell expression programs, and in priming the epigenetic landscape for trophoblast differentiation, are largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the H3K4 demethylase, KDM5B, regulates the H3K4 methylome and expression landscapes of TS cells. Depletion of KDM5B resulted in downregulation of TS cell self-renewal genes and upregulation of trophoblast-lineage genes, which was accompanied by altered H3K4 methylation. Moreover, we found that KDM5B resets the H3K4 methylation landscape during differentiation in the absence of the external self-renewal signal, FGF4, by removing H3K4 methylation from promoters of self-renewal genes, and of genes whose expression is enriched in TS cells. Altogether, our data indicate an epigenetic role for KDM5B in regulating H3K4 methylation in TS cells and during trophoblast differentiation.
Galectin-3 modulates the polarized surface delivery of β1-integrin in epithelial cells
Authors: Hönig Ellena , Ringer Karina , Dewes Jenny , von Mach Tobias , Kamm Natalia , Kreitzer Geri , Jacob Ralf 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
Epithelial cells require a precise intracellular transport and sorting machinery to establish and maintain their polarized architecture. This machinery includes β-galactoside-binding galectins for targeting of glycoprotein to the apical membrane. Galectin-3 sorts cargo destined for the apical plasma membrane into vesicular carriers. After delivery of cargo to the apical milieu, galectin-3 recycles back into sorting organelles. We analysed the role of galectin-3 in the polarized distribution of β1-integrin in MDCK cells. Integrins are located primarily at the basolateral domain of epithelial cells. We demonstrate that a minor pool of β1-integrin interacts with galectin-3 at the apical plasma membrane. Knockdown of galectin-3 decreases apical delivery of β1-integrin. This loss is restored by supplementation with recombinant galectin-3 and galectin-3 overexpression. Our data suggest that galectin-3 targets newly synthesized β1-integrin to the apical membrane and promotes apical delivery of β1-integrin internalized from the basolateral membrane. In parallel, knockout of galectin-3 results in a reduction in cell proliferation and an impairment in proper cyst development. Our results suggest that galectin-3 modulates the surface distribution of β1-integrin and affects the morphogenesis of polarized cells.
Determining mechanical features of modulated epithelial monolayers using subnuclear particle tracking
Authors: Armiger Travis J. , Lampi Marsha C. , Reinhart-King Cynthia A. , Dahl Kris Noel 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
Force generation within cells, mediated by motor proteins along cytoskeletal networks, maintains the function of multicellular structures during homeostasis and when generating collective forces. Here, we describe the use of chromatin dynamics to detect cellular force propagation [a technique termed SINK (sensors from intranuclear kinetics)] and investigate the force response of cells to disruption of the monolayer and changes in substrate stiffness. We find that chromatin dynamics change in a substrate stiffness-dependent manner within epithelial monolayers. We also investigate point defects within monolayers to map the impact on the strain field of a heterogeneous monolayer. We find that cell monolayers behave as a colloidal assembly rather than as a continuum since the data fit an exponential decay; the lateral characteristic length of recovery from the mechanical defect is ∼50 µm for cells with a 10 µm spacing. At distances greater than this characteristic length, cells behave similarly to those in a fully intact monolayer. This work demonstrates the power of SINK to investigate diseases including cancer and atherosclerosis that result from single cells or heterogeneities in monolayers.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Developmental phenotypic plasticity helps bridge stochastic weather events associated with climate change
Authors: Burggren Warren 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
The slow, inexorable rise in annual average global temperatures and acidification of the oceans are often advanced as consequences of global change. However, many environmental changes, especially those involving weather (as opposed to climate), are often stochastic, variable and extreme, particularly in temperate terrestrial or freshwater habitats. Moreover, few studies of animal and plant phenotypic plasticity employ realistic (i.e. short-term, stochastic) environmental change in their protocols. Here, I posit that the frequently abrupt environmental changes (days, weeks, months) accompanying much longer-term general climate change (e.g. global warming over decades or centuries) require consideration of the true nature of environmental change (as opposed to statistical means) coupled with an expansion of focus to consider developmental phenotypic plasticity. Such plasticity can be in multiple forms – obligatory/facultative, beneficial/deleterious – depending upon the degree and rate of environmental variability at specific points in organismal development. Essentially, adult phenotypic plasticity, as important as it is, will be irrelevant if developing offspring lack sufficient plasticity to create modified phenotypes necessary for survival.
Modelling the influence of treatment time on the biological effectiveness of single radiosurgery treatments: derivation of “protective” dose modification factors
Authors: Jones Bleddyn , Hopewell John W 
Published: May 2018

Objective:
To provide simpler models for adjusting total dose to compensate for significant variations in central nervous system radiosurgical treatment times, which vary and will influence treatment bioeffectiveness. At present, no allowance is made for time variations. A framework of simpler equations would allow radiosurgical outcomes to be analysed with respect to treatment time, and a system for dose adjustments between radioisotope and linac-based techniques with different treatment durations.

Methods:
The standard biological effective dose (BED) equations for fractionated and protracted radiations have been combined, using biexponential DNA repair kinetics, to provide the following equation:
B E D = x . n d ( 1 + ( n d k − d k ) f ( μ 1 T ) + d k f ( μ 1 t ) ) + ( 1 − x ) . n d ( 1 + ( n d k − d k ) f ( μ 2 T ) + d k f ( μ 2 t ) )
for “n” isocentres (or subfractions), each treated to a variable dose “d” in time “t”, the overall time-being, T, µ1, µ2, are fast and slow repair rate coefficients, with partition factors of x and (1–x), respectively and k is the alpha/beta ratio, with f(μT) being the function that summates sublethal damage repair. Thus, repair during the period of irradiation and in the time interval between each isocentre can be taken into account. Simpler monoexponential and linear models are also used.

Results:
The results obtained using simpler models are compared with those obtained using more complex retrospective Gamma Knife BED treatment planning by Millar et al. (2015) in a group of 23 patients on a 13 Gy physical isodose surface. The above equation provides a BED value around 3% above their minimum values, 4% below their average value and 10% below their maximum BED values. Changes in isocentre numbers used, due to treatment plan complexity, can influence total treatment time, producing variations in the BED-time data: instead of a unique curve for each “n” value, in aggregate form the data (ranging from around 20 to 140 min treatment times) can be fitted by monoexponential time functions and further approximated to a linear function for more rapid estimations. Worked examples show how dose can then be tailored to the expected treatment times in order to obtain isoeffective treatments for central nervous system tissues.

Conclusion:
The models allow better analysis of radiosurgical treatment time data and guidance to the choice of dose to match the overall time. Although this study is based on Gamma Knife treatments, in principle the methods will also apply to any radiosurgical technique, so that dose–time compensations can be made between differing techniques.

Advances in knowledge:
The new BED equation-based framework is relevant to analyse and optimise radiosurgical treatments.
Feature determination from powered wheelchair user joystick input characteristics for adapting driving assistance
Authors: Gillham Michael , Pepper Matthew , Kelly Steve , Howells Gareth 
Published: May 2018

Background: Many powered wheelchair users find their medical condition and their ability to drive the wheelchair will change over time. In order to maintain their independent mobility, the powered chair will require adjustment over time to suit the user's needs, thus regular input from healthcare professionals is required. These limited resources can result in the user having to wait weeks for appointments, resulting in the user losing independent mobility, consequently affecting their quality of life and that of their family and carers. In order to provide an adaptive assistive driving system, a range of features need to be identified which are suitable for initial system setup and can automatically provide data for re-calibration over the long term. Methods: A questionnaire was designed to collect information from powered wheelchair users with regard to their symptoms and how they changed over time. Another group of volunteer participants were asked to drive a test platform and complete a course which represented manoeuvring in a very confined space as quickly as possible. Two of those participants were also monitored over a longer period in their normal home daily environment. Features, thought to be suitable, were examined using pattern recognition classifiers to determine their suitability for identifying the changing user input over time. Results: The results are not designed to provide absolute insight into the individual user behaviour, as no ground truth of their ability has been determined, they do nevertheless demonstrate the utility of the measured features to provide evidence of the users’ changing ability over time whilst driving a powered wheelchair. Conclusions: Determining the driving features and adjustable elements provides the initial step towards developing an adaptable assistive technology for the user when the ground truths of the individual and their machine have been learned by a smart pattern recognition system.
Effect of Humic Acid on the Degradation of Methylene Blue by Peroxymonosulfate
Authors: Pang Ya , Tong Zhao-hui , Tang Lin , Liu Ya-ni , Luo Kun 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Methylene blue dye has been widely used in many industries and usually released in natural water sources, which become a health thereat to human-beings and microbes. This paper demonstrates an oxidation method to remove methylene blue in water. The effect of natural organic matter humic acid, on the degradation of methylene blue using PMS was investigated. The results show that PMS could effectively degrade 50 mg/L methylene blue (>95%) when the PMS concentration was larger than 1.0 mM. Humic acid had either negative or positive impact on the degradation processes because of the co-existence of several competitive degradation mechanisms (I: humic acid competes with methylene blue for PMS; II: humic acid activates PMS to produce sulfate radicals; III: Cl–1 competes with methylene blue for sulfate radicals). This study is expected to provide valuable information to improve in situ remediation of dye-contaminated wastewater in the existence of natural organic matters.
Late-onset pubic-phallic idiopathic edema in premature recovering infants
Authors: Bengtsson Bengt-Ola S. , van Houten John P. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Objective
Several cases of isolated localized edema of the genital area in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants within the last 5 years prompted a search for possible explanations and a search of the literature.

Study design
A retrospective chart review of all cases of localized genital area edema in our 16-bed community level-3 neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) between January 2007 and December 2017.

Results
A total of six patients with localized edema of the genital area were found. Among the six cases, five provided descriptions of time of onset. Only one case had a plausible etiology [inguinal hernia (IH)].

Conclusions
To our knowledge, this entity is not well described in the literature. Etiologies are speculative. Prolonged observation in the NICU by virtue of ELBW-status suggests that there are no detrimental effects, the condition does not appear to preclude discharge and cautious expectant management and reassurance are therefore in order.
Effects of Different Thermal Treatment Methods on Preparation and Physical Properties of High Amylose Maize Starch Based Films
Authors: Zhong Yuyue , Li Xu , Lan Tianru , Li Yibo , Liu Linsan , Qu Jianzhou , Zhang Renhe , Liang Wenxin , Xue Jiquan , Liu Xingxun , Guo Dongwei 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Because of its biodegradable trait, starch has been widely used as the raw material for packaging. Effects of different thermal treatment methods (high temperature-high pressure heating (HH), microwave heating (MH) and alkali heating (AH) with and without glycerol on physical properties of high amylose maize starch films (HASFs) were investigated in this study. HASFs under HH had highest elongation at break (E%), and lowest tensile strength (TS), modulus of elasticity (EM) and opacity (OC). HASFs under MH had highest TS, water holding capacity (WHC) and OC, and lowest thickness (TN), E%, solubility in water (SW) and solubility in oil (SO), while HASFs under AH had highest TN, EM, SW and SO, and lowest WHC. Compared with water, plasticized HASFs with glycerol had higher TN，E%, WHC, SW and OC, and lower TS, EM and SO. XRD results revealed the V-type polymorph and the difference in intensity of diffraction peaks of HASFs under three methods. This study would be helpful to design and prepare HASFs.
Analysis of Free Space Optics Link Performance Considering the Effect of Different Weather Conditions and Modulation Formats for Terrestrial Communication
Authors: Kaur Sanmukh , Kakati Amayika 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFree space optics (FSO) links provide an effectual and efficient way of transmission of data throughout free channels due to its higher bandwidth and inbuilt capability of security. In this research analysis, the FSO link is evaluated on the basis of Q value for different modulation formats and weather conditions. Gamma–Gamma and log-normal scintillation models have been analyzed for different index of refraction in terms of Q factor versus a range of a proposed FSO link. Attenuation increases during the occurrence of different fog conditions, and there might be complete link failure in the case of dense fog and for some of the cloud conditions.
Serum CA72-4 as a biomarker in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer: A meta-analysis
Authors: Yanqing Han , Cheng Dong , Ling Xu 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The purpose of this meta-analysis was to investigate the serum CA72-4 as a biomarker in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer by pooling the open published data. Methods. An electronic search of databases Pubmed, Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane Embase CBM, and CNKI were performed by two reviewers (Han Yanqing, Dong Cheng) independently to identify the studies relevant to serum CA72-4 as a biomarker in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer. The patient number of true positive(tp), false positive(fp), false negative(fn) and true negative(tn) were extracted from each included study. The diagnostic performance of serum CA72-4 as a biomarker in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer was assessed by pooled sensitivity, specificity and hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic curve (HSROC). All the data was pooled by MetaDiSc 1.4 and Stata/SE 11.0 statistical software. Results A total of 22 studies with 2474 colorectal patients and 1576 controls were included in the present study and meta-analysis. The combined diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 0.50 (95%CI:0.48-0.52) and 0.86 (95%CI:0.84-0.88) for serum CA72-4 as a biomarker in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer. The pooled positive and negative likelihood ratio were 3.41(95%CI:2.57-4.53) and 0.62(0.55-0.71). The pooled area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.73. Deeks’funnel plot and Egger’s line regression test (p=0.49) showed no significant publication bias in the present meta-analysis. Conclusion Due toits low diagnostic sensitivity, the diagnostic performance of serum CA72-4 as a biomarker for colorectal cancer screening is limited.
Vibrationsbasierende White-Etching-Cracks-Detektion an Wälzlagern
Authors: Cao Xiaodong , Tarigan Bramila , Rembe Christian , Schwarze Hubert 
Published: May 2018

Zusammenfassung
White-Etching-Cracks (WECs) und White-Etching-Areas (WEAs) sind Schadensbilder, die oftmals in Wälzlagern (z. B. in Windenergieanlagen) auftreten (siehe Abb. 1). Es fehlt bisher eine Möglichkeit, WECs und WEAs in Wälzlagern frühzeitig zu detektieren, d. h. möglichst lange bevor die Oberflächenschädigung auftritt. In diesem Beitrag wird das Schwingungsverhalten des Innenrings eines Wälzlagers (Abb. 2) im beschädigten Zustand (mit WEAs und WECs) und im Neuzustand miteinander verglichen, um eine erste Aussage über das Potenzial der vibrationsbasierenden Messmethode zur Detektion der Ausbildung von WECs und WEAs zu treffen. Der Innenring wird mit einem Shaker breitbandig angeregt. Mit Hilfe eines eigenentwickelten robotergesteuerten Vibrometer-Messsystems werden die Oberflächenschwingungen beider Lagerzustände erfasst und miteinander verglichen. Für den Vergleich wird das Cross-Signature-Assurance-Criterion (CSAC) als Kriterium verwendet. Es wird gezeigt, dass mit Hilfe des CSAC-Wertes eine Detektion von WECs und WEAs in Wälzlagern möglich ist. Um die Einsatzbarkeit des CSAC in einem Prüfstand zu evaluieren, werden weitere Messungen mit dem Multipoint Vibrometer an einem transportablen Prüfstand durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich Veränderungen der Schwingungseigenschaften mit Hilfe der CSAC-Methode auch während des Betriebs unter dem Einfluss von Störungen erkennen lassen.
Updating the Skating Multistage Aerobic Test and Correction for V̇o 2max Prediction Using a New Skating Economy Index in Elite Youth Ice Hockey Players
Authors: Allisse Maxime , Bui Hung Tien , Léger Luc , Comtois Alain-Steve , Leone Mario 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Allisse, M, Bui, HT, Léger, L, Comtois, A-S, and Leone, M. Updating the skating multistage aerobic test and correction for V̇o
2max prediction using a new skating economy index in elite youth ice hockey players. J Strength Cond Res 34(11): 3182–3189, 2020—A number of field tests, including the skating multistage aerobic test (SMAT), have been developed to predict V̇o
2max in ice hockey players. The SMAT, like most field tests, assumes that participants who reach a given stage have the same oxygen uptake, which is not usually true. Thus, the objectives of this research are to update the V̇o
2 values during the SMAT using a portable breath-by-breath metabolic analyzer and to propose a simple index of skating economy to improve the prediction of oxygen uptake. Twenty-six elite hockey players (age 15.8 ± 1.3 years) participated in this study. The oxygen uptake was assessed using a portable metabolic analyzer (K4b2) during an on-ice maximal shuttle skate test. To develop an index of skating economy called the skating stride index (SSI), the number of skating strides was compiled for each stage of the test. The SMAT enabled the prediction of the V̇o
2max (ml·kg−1·min−1) from the maximal velocity (m·s−1) and the SSI (skating strides·kg−1) using the following regression equation: V̇o
2max = (14.94 × maximal velocity) + (3.68 × SSI) − 24.98 (r = 0.95, SEE = 1.92). This research allowed for the update of the oxygen uptake values of the SMAT and proposed a simple measure of skating efficiency for a more accurate evaluation of V̇o
2max in elite youth hockey players. By comparing the highest and lowest observed SSI scores in our sample, it was noted that the V̇o
2 values can vary by up to 5 ml·kg−1·min−1. Our results suggest that skating economy should be included in the prediction of V̇o
2max to improve prediction accuracy.
Effect of Sand on Knee Load During a Single-Leg Jump Task: Implications for Injury Prevention and Rehabilitation Programs
Authors: Richardson Mark C. , Murphy Sinead , Macpherson Tom , English Bryan , Spears Iain , Chesterton Paul 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Richardson, MC, Murphy, S, Macpherson, T, English, B, Spears, I, and Chesterton, P. Effect of sand on knee load during a single-leg jump task: implications for injury prevention and rehabilitation programs. J Strength Cond Res 34(11): 3164–3172, 2020—The purpose of the study was to determine potential differences in landing strategies and subsequent joint loads at the knee (knee abduction moment [KAM], anterior-posterior [AP] tibial translation, and total knee shear force) when jumping onto sand and firm ground from both a level surface and a 30-cm height. Firm ground would act as the control for the study. Seventeen subjects (age: 23.6 ± 3.7 years; body mass: 67.7 ± 10.3 kg; height: 168.5 ± 7.4 cm) performed 3 single-leg jumps on their dominant leg for each of the 4 conditions tested (ground level, sand level, ground height, and sand height). A repeated-measures design investigated the effect of sand on KAM, AP tibial translation, and total knee shear force. Data were analyzed using magnitude-based inferences and presented as percentage change with 90% confidence limits. Results indicated that sand had a clear beneficial effect on KAM, which was possibly moderate during a drop jump (30 cm) and possibly small from a level jump. Sand also had a possibly moderate beneficial effect on AP tibial translation from a level jump. The effect of sand on total knee shear force was unclear. These results suggest that sand may provide a safer alternative to firm ground when performing jump tasks commonly used in anterior cruciate ligament and patellofemoral joint injury prevention and rehabilitation programs. Sand may also allow for an accelerated rehabilitation program because jumping activities could potentially be implemented more safely at an earlier stage in the process.