bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advancing at‐risk species recovery planning in an era of rapid ecological change with a transparent, flexible, and expert‐engaged approach
Authors: Berio Fortini Lucas , Leopold Christina R. , Amidon Fred , Leopold Devin R. , Fretz J. Scott , Jacobi James D. , Mehrhoff Loyal , Price Jonathan P. , Duvall Fern , Keir Matthew , Oppenheimer Hank , Weisenberger Lauren , Sutter Robert 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn the face of unprecedented ecological changes, the conservation community needs strategies to recover species at risk of extinction. On the Island of Maui, we collaborated with species experts and managers to assist with climate‐resilient recovery planning for 36 at‐risk native plant species by identifying priority areas for the management of recovery populations. To do this, we developed a tailored spatial conservation prioritization (SCP) approach distinguished by its emphasis on transparency, flexibility, and expert (TFE) engagement. Our TFE SCP approach consisted of 2 iterative steps: first, the generation of multiple candidate conservation footprints (i.e., prioritization solutions) with a flexible greedy algorithm that reflects conservation practitioners’ priorities and, second, the selection of an optimal conservation footprint based on the consideration of trade‐offs in expert‐agreed criteria among footprints. This process maximized buy‐in by involving conservation practitioners and experts throughout, from setting goals to reviewing optimization data, defining optimization rules, and designating planning units meaningful to practitioners. We minimized the conservation footprint area necessary to meet recovery goals while incorporating species‐specific measures of habitat suitability and climate resilience and retaining species‐specific information for guiding recovery efforts. Our approach reduced the overall necessary conservation area by 36%, compared with selecting optimal recovery habitats for each species separately, and still identified high‐quality habitat for individual species. Compared with prioritizr (an existing SCP tool), our approach identified a conservation area of equal size but with higher quality habitat. By integrating the strengths of existing techniques in a flexible and transparent design, our approach can address natural resource management constraints and provide outputs suitable for local recovery planning, consequently enhancing engagement and buy‐in from conservation practitioners and experts. It demonstrates a step forward in making conservation planning more responsive to real‐world complexities and helps reduce barriers to implementation for local conservation practitioners.
Veno‐Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support for Severe Primary Graft Dysfunction Is Associated With Reduced Airway Complications After Lung Transplantation
Authors: Noda Kentaro , Jawad‐Makki Mohamed‐Ali H. , Chan Ernest G. , Ryan John , Furukawa Masashi , Hage Chadi A. , Sanchez Pablo G. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundEarly utilization of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) improves the clinical outcomes of patients with severe primary graft dysfunction (PGD3) after lung transplantation. Although there is a survival benefit, the impact of ECMO on airway complications has not been investigated. This study aims to describe the clinical association between posttransplant methods of support and the severity of acute airway anastomosis complications in patients with PGD3 following bilateral lung transplantation.MethodsData from adult bilateral lung transplant patients diagnosed with PGD3 at our institution were retrospectively reviewed. Bronchial anastomosis necrosis (ischemia reperfusion injury [IRI]) that developed within a month after transplantation was graded. The data were compared among the groups of veno‐venous ECMO (VV‐ECMO) (n = 77), veno‐arterial ECMO (VA‐ECMO) (n = 14), and mechanical ventilation (MV, n = 33).ResultsHigher levels of support (VV/VA‐ECMO) were associated with a lower incidence of PGD3, which was highest in recipients on MV only (M2 = 19.54, r = −0.41, p < 0.001). In a multivariable competing risk analysis, VV‐ECMO was protective against chronic allograft dysfunction (CLAD) relative to the MV group (HR: 0.36 [0.13–0.96], p = 0.042). There was no relationship between posttransplant support and survival.ConclusionThis study suggests posttransplant VV‐ECMO support in patients who develop PGD3 may confer a protective advantage over MV alone in the prevention of ischemic reperfusion injury. VV‐ECMO was associated with lower IRI grades and lower rates of BOS after transplantation. Future studies investigating the causal mechanisms are warranted.
Regulator of G protein signalling 14 (RGS14) protein expression profile in the adult mouse brain
Authors: Bramlett Sara N. , Fitzmaurice Shana M. , Harbin Nicholas H. , Yan Wuji , Bandlamudi Charan , Van Doorn G. Emme , Smith Yoland , Hepler John R. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRegulator of G protein signalling 14 (RGS14) is a multifunctional signalling protein that serves as a natural suppressor of synaptic plasticity in the mouse brain. Our previous studies showed that RGS14 is highly expressed in postsynaptic dendrites and spines of pyramidal neurons in hippocampal area CA2 of the developing mouse brain. However, our more recent work with monkey brain shows that RGS14 is found in multiple neuron populations throughout hippocampal area CA1 and CA2, caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, substantia nigra and amygdala. In the mouse brain, we also have observed RGS14 protein in discrete limbic regions linked to reward behaviour and addiction, including the central amygdala and the nucleus accumbens, but a comprehensive mapping of RGS14 protein expression in the adult mouse brain is lacking. Here, we report that RGS14 is more broadly expressed in mouse brain than previously known. Intense RGS14 staining is observed in specific neuron populations of the hippocampal formation, amygdala, septum, bed nucleus of stria terminalis and ventral striatum/nucleus accumbens. RGS14 is also observed in axon fibre tracts including the dorsal fornix, fimbria, stria terminalis and the ventrohippocampal commissure. Moderate RGS14 staining is observed in various other adjacent regions not previously reported. These findings show that RGS14 is expressed in brain regions that govern aspects of core cognitive functions such as sensory perception, emotion, memory, motivation and execution of actions and suggest that RGS14 may serve to suppress plasticity and filter inputs in these brain regions to set the overall tone on experience‐to‐action processes.
The resonance of seen things: Seeing the Virgin Mary in the concrete
Authors: Thompson Gregory A. , Chase Zachary J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWhat follows is an exploration of an experience of seeing. The experience of interest here is the seeing of Our Lady of the Underpass, a Marian apparition that was seen in an underpass in Chicago in early 2005. Taking the images and objects brought to the make‐shift shrine as clues, we explore the constitutive poetic resonances ingredient to this seeing. We point to how these constitutive poetic resonances function both as an explanation of and as instructions for the seeing of the Virgin Mary in the underpass. We then consider how the semiotic multimodality of these poetic resonances made this seeing so robust, paying particular attention to the historical dimension of seeing. The resulting analysis offers the outlines of a cultural historical onto‐poetic approach that builds and expands upon existing physiological approaches to seeing by highlighting the essential role of social, cultural, and historical contexts for seeing.
Fatigue Life Prediction of LF6 Aluminum Alloy Laser‐Arc Hybrid Welded Joints Based on Energy Dissipation Method
Authors: Mi Chengji , Xiao Yingang , Deng Yingjian , Li Yongqiang 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTTo accurately characterize the heat dissipation behavior of LF6 aluminum alloy laser arc composite welded joint under low cycle fatigue, two fatigue life prediction methods based on dissipated energy were proposed. The experimental investigation has revealed four stages in the evolution of surface temperature increment, including initial temperature increase, subsequent decline, attainment of thermal equilibrium, and sudden temperature escalation leading to failure. Based on the energy dissipation method, two models predicting lifespan of welded joints have been formulated. Model I incorporates the effects of stress amplitude and mean stress, on lifetime demonstrating a strong linear correlation particularly under high‐stress level according to experimental comparisons. Model II introduces a relationship between plastic strain amplitude and inherent dissipated energy to assess fatigue life of welded joints. Digital imaging correction technique has been utilized to quantify plastic strain amplitude. The predicted results from Model II agree well with experimental data.
Diagnostic accuracy analysis of SARC‐F, its modified versions and the Quality of Life in Sarcopenia questionnaire in screening for sarcopenia in nursing home residents
Authors: ŞİMŞEK Hilal , UÇAR Aslı 
Published: November 2024

AimSarcopenia, which is among the most important geriatric syndromes, is also a public health challenge. This study evaluated the performance of the SARC‐F, its modified versions and the Quality of Life in Sarcopenia (SarQoL) in screening for sarcopenia.MethodsIn the diagnostic accuracy study carried out with a total of 195 nursing home residents, sarcopenia was evaluated according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older Persons 2 algorithm. For SARC‐CalFs, the calf circumference standard and its population‐specific reference (31 cm, 32/33 cm, respectively) were used, whereas for SARC + elderly and body mass index information, age (>75 years) and body mass index (<21 kg/m2) were used. Screening test performance was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic analysis, and the optimal cut‐off points were determined according to the Youden index.ResultsThe prevalence of sarcopenia was 33.8%. Although SarQoL and SARC‐CalF scores were lower in individuals with sarcopenia, standard SARC‐F and SARC‐F + elderly and body mass index information scores were not different. SARC‐F had the poorest screening performance, whereas the SarQoL scale had the best screening performance (area under the curve 0.502 vs 0.787). SARC‐CalF (32/33 cm) had the best performance among the modified versions of SARC‐F. The optimal cut‐off point for SarQoL was <64.56, and its sensitivity in sarcopenia screening was 74.24% (95% CI 62.0–84.2) and its specificity was 79.07% (95% CI 71.0–85.7). All the modified versions of SARC‐CalF had higher sensitivity and area under the curve compared with SARC‐F.ConclusionsSarQoL screening performance might be conducive to providing clinical discrimination in a nursing home sample. Further research is needed for the use of SarQoL as a potential sarcopenia screening strategy. Additionally, SARC‐CalFs, especially the population‐specific SARC‐CalF (32/33 cm), might improve screening performance compared with standard SARC‐F. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 1335–1342.
Exploring Barriers and Facilitators to Patients and Members of the Public Contributing to Rapid Health Technology Assessments for NICE: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Johnson Eugenie Evelynne , Smith Debbie , Harmston Becky , Hunter Emily , Belilios Emma , Pearson Fiona 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundEvidence and External Assessment Groups (EAGs) assist in the National Institute of Health and Care Excellence's Technology Appraisal programme by either critiquing evidence provided by companies on different health technologies, or by carrying out an independent search and evaluation of the published evidence. Historically, there has been little patient and public involvement within the work of EAGs.ObjectiveTo identify key barriers and facilitators to patient and public involvement in EAG Reports feeding into the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence's Health Technology Appraisal process.MethodsA primary qualitative study consisting of one‐to‐one interviews with EAG researchers and focus groups with members of the public. From anonymised transcripts, data were deductively coded using a framework analysis against the Theoretical Domains Framework and translated to the COM‐B model. Coding was triangulated through inductive thematic analysis, guided by the principles of Braun and Clarke.ResultsTen researchers were interviewed and four focus groups with a total of 26 members of the public were undertaken. Both EAG researchers and the public felt they did not have enough knowledge, time and money to be able to embed patient and public involvement; researchers suggested that patient and public involvement might not be relevant to the scope of their Reports. Members of the public highlighted a lack of awareness of the Technology Appraisal process and that jargon may stop them being involved. Both researchers and members of the public said having specific guidance on how to embed patient and public involvement in EAG Reports would be helpful, including guidance on how to write plain language summaries.ConclusionThe perspectives of both EAG researchers and members of the public suggest work needs to be conducted to produce frameworks for patient and public involvement and plain language summaries within EAG Reports specifically. Additionally, that further awareness‐raising of Technology Appraisals and the role of EAGs would help members of the public to contribute effectively to EAG Reports.Patient or Public ContributionTwo members of the public were part of the research team and governed all stages of the research in accordance with the UK Standards for Public Involvement.
Rising mortality among people who inject drugs living with HIV in Scotland, UK: A 20‐year retrospective cohort study
Authors: Metcalfe R. , Fraser R. , Trayner K. M. A. , Glancy M. , Yeung A. , Sills L. , Ritchie T. , Priyadarshi S. , Peters S. E. , McAuley A. , Hutchinson S. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectivesOur aim was to examine mortality trends in the era of antiretroviral therapy, among people who inject drugs (PWID) who are living with HIV. The study objectives were to assess and quantify mortality among PWID diagnosed with HIV over time in Scotland, in the context of a recent outbreak of HIV and rise in drug‐related mortality.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of those diagnosed with HIV in Scotland between January 2000 and February 2020, with acquisition related to injecting drug use, linked to mortality data. Factors associated with all‐cause mortality were examined using Cox proportional hazards regression.ResultsAmong 430 individuals with 3143 person‐years (py) of follow‐up, 88 (20.5%) died. Drug‐related deaths accounted for 45.5% of all deaths, rising to 60% among those diagnosed in 2015–2020. The crude all‐cause mortality was 28.00 per 1000 py overall and 37.62 per 1000 py within 5 years of diagnosis. Mortality risk was markedly higher among PWID diagnosed in 2015–2020 [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 3.53], relative to those diagnosed in 2000–2004. Among those diagnosed in 2015–2020 (as part of the HIV outbreak), the mortality risk was higher among those not on, compared with those on, opioid agonist therapy (aHR = 3.87).ConclusionMortality among PWID living with HIV in Scotland has risen substantially in the 21st century. Our findings highlight the important role of opioid‐agonist therapy, alongside other prevention and treatment measures to address high levels of drug‐related mortality for PWID living with HIV, including within HIV outbreaks in this population group.
Delineating Trajectories of Social‐Emotional Competence in Infants and Toddlers
Authors: Eyoh Ekomobong E. , Elison Jed T. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe acquisition of social‐emotional competence (SEC) in early childhood has implications for critical child and adult outcomes, such as school readiness, educational and occupational attainment, and mental health. To elucidate this developmental process, normative trajectories of social‐emotional competence in infants and toddlers were modeled using longitudinal mixed effects modeling, including the evaluation of child and family characteristics as moderators. The SEC of 12–36‐month‐old children (N = 256, 83% White, 51% female) was assessed in a cohort‐sequential design using the Infant Toddler Social‐Emotional Assessment Competence scale. Trajectories were modeled using linear, quadratic, exponential, and logistic mean forms. Following base model selection, child sex, maternal education, parental occupation, family income, and number of siblings were separately added to the model to assess their effect on trajectories. Results show that infants and toddlers SEC follows a quadratic pattern of growth. Additionally, girls had higher scores than boys at 12 months with similar slopes. Number of siblings was also significant at 12 months such that children with fewer siblings had higher scores than those with more with similar slopes. This suggests a female advantage in early SEC acquisition exists even before 12 months and that sibling number may moderate SEC in infancy and toddlerhood.
New perspective on the role of grain boundaries for hot‐corrosion studies on sintered 3YSZ ceramic
Authors: Sahu Spandan Prasad , Sarkar Himirkanti , Kumar Lakshaman , Chowdhury Anirban 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe hot‐corrosion behavior of sintered 3 mol.% yttria‐stabilized zirconia (3YSZ) ceramic with significant (1:4 in ratio) variation in grain sizes was investigated. Contrary to the popular perception of the role of grain boundaries, ceramics with smaller grains portrayed remarkable hot‐corrosion resistance despite having ∼450% more grain boundaries compared to their counterpart. The mechanism behind a rather ‘unusual’ role of the grain boundary in deciding the corrosion pathways for 3YSZ ceramic systems was examined. The affinity of NaVO3 to react with Y2O3 was found to be a crucial step for the initiation of corrosion and this process had no potential influence on the fraction of grain boundaries in the system. A phase transformation (tetragonal to monoclinic) induced porosity created easy path for the molten liquid to flow inside the ZrO2 matrix. The ceramic with a smaller grain size resisted such a transformation and resulted in a much lower penetration depth for the corrosion to proceed further inside the matrix. Although grain boundaries are usually portrayed as weak points for corrosion, this study illustrates an alternate pathway using which corrosion can be averted in a fine grained 3YSZ ceramic.
When floodplain restoration meets socio‐ecological goals for rural stormwater management
Authors: Peterson Lisa A. , Awerbuch Patricia M. , Spatari Sabrina 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFloodplain restoration is an approved stormwater management method, but rarely chosen by developers due to the perceived high cost and lengthy approvals required from regulatory agencies. Yet, when chosen, restoring a floodplain yields significant environmental benefits for the community due to improved flood resiliency and wetland habitat and superior reduction of negative externalities. In 2012, a corporation in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, explored the option to restore a historic floodplain on its 40‐hectare property to fulfill the stormwater management requirements for a planned development project. There was a social dynamic at play in this instance that allowed the developer, municipality, and citizens to achieve a win across three dimensions often in conflict: maximizing private economic returns, achieving environmental compliance, and benefiting the community ecologically. Using a social–ecological system (SES) framework, this paper analyzes the course of the development project through the government approvals process and the actual restoration of the floodplain. Two influential actors are identified who do not often appear in the literature on SESs: sports advocacy groups and religious groups. We posit that the developer's industry was uniquely receptive to conservation appeals and that the proximity of an urban metropolis made collective action a relevant strategy for the region. Critical factors in the decision process were the cost–benefit analysis contracted by the developer, local (county) government leadership, and a history of local citizen activism. We conclude that a misalignment of anthropogenic and ecological boundaries can prevent such positive outcomes and that collective action is a viable strategy to overcome that challenge.
Statin‐associated regulation of hepatic PNPLA3 in patients without known liver disease
Authors: Ahmed Osman , Shavva Vladimir S. , Tarnawski Laura , Dai Wanmin , Borg Filip , Olofsson Viggo V. , Liu Ting , Saliba‐Gustafsson Peter , Simini Christian , Pedrelli Matteo , Bergman Otto , Norata Giuseppe Danilo , Parini Paolo , Franco‐Cereceda Anders , Eriksson Per , Malin Stephen G. , Björck Hanna M. , Olofsson Peder S. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackground and objectivesStatins are used for metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) (NAFLD) treatment, but their role in this context is unclear. Genetic variants of patatin‐like phospholipase domain containing 3 (PNPLA3) are associated with MASLD susceptibility and statin treatment efficacy. Access to liver biopsies before established MASLD is limited, and statins and PNPLA3 in early liver steatosis are thus difficult to study.MethodsLiver biopsies were collected from 261 patients without known liver disease at surgery and stratified based on statin use and criteria for the metabolic syndrome (MS). Genotypes and transcript levels were measured using Illumina and Affymetrix arrays, and metabolic and lipoprotein profiles by clinical assays. Statin effects on PNPLA3, de novo lipogenesis (DNL), and lipid accumulation were further studied in vitro.ResultsThe PNPLA3I148M genetic variant was associated with significantly lower hepatic levels of cholesterol synthesis‐associated transcripts. Patients with MS had significantly higher hepatic levels of MASLD and lipogenesis‐associated transcripts than non‐MS patients. Patients with MS on statin therapy had significantly higher hepatic levels of PNPLA3, acetyl‐CoA carboxylase alpha, and ATP citrate lyase, and statin use was associated with higher plasma fasting glucose, insulin, and HbA1c. Exposure of hepatocyte‐like HepG2 cells to atorvastatin promoted intracellular accumulation of triglycerides and lipogenesis‐associated transcripts. Atorvastatin‐exposure of HepG2, sterol O‐acyltransferase (SOAT) 2‐only‐HepG2, primary human hepatic stellate, and hepatic stellate cell‐like LX2 cells significantly increased levels of PNPLA3 and SREBF2‐target genes, whereas knockdown of SREBF2 attenuated this effect.ConclusionsCollectively, these observations suggest statin‐associated regulation of PNPLA3 and DNL in liver. The potential interaction between PNPLA3 genotype and metabolic status should be considered in future studies in the context of statin therapy for MASLD.