bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Curriculum development in final year dentistry to enhance competency and professionalism for contemporary general dental practice
Authors: Friedlander Lara T. , Meldrum Alison M. , Lyons Karl 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionGeneral dentistry is the most common area of practice, and new dentists must have the competency and skills to safely deliver patient care. In New Zealand (NZ), completion of a 5‐year Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) degree enables graduates to register with the Dental Council in NZ. This necessitates that the clinical component of the curriculum in final year dentistry (BDS5) transparently delivers learning opportunities and evaluates competency for independent practice. A review of the BDS5 Clinical Practice course was undertaken in 2015 and a revised curriculum introduced in 2016.CurriculumWe present a BDS5 curriculum for a Clinical Practice course that is learner focused with emphasis on comprehensive patient‐centred care, competency and professional practice. Learning opportunities and assessment processes are described alongside teacher training. These changes have provided students scaffolding to support clinical and professional development, and accommodate different learning preferences. The outcomes align with the competency requirements of the NZ regulatory body for registration as a general dental practitioner. Since its introduction 3 years ago, ongoing feedback from students and staff has been positive and indicates the curriculum is effective in achieving its objectives.ConclusionsThis curriculum provides a firm foundation for students transitioning to independent clinical practice in the community and supports the professional development of clinical teachers. It may also be translated to other areas of health education to ensure the delivery of quality holistic patient care.
Microbial membranes related to the thermal acclimation of soil heterotrophic respiration in a temperate steppe in northern China
Authors: Shen Ruichang , Xu Ming , Chi Yonggang , Yu Shen , Wan Shiqiang , He Nianpeng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThere has been an active debate among ecologists about the mechanisms of ephemeral response of soil respiration to climate change. The key questions are whether soil microbes would reduce their physiological rates (thermal acclimation) under a warmer temperature regime，and what are the mechanisms. Using a long‐term warming field experiment, we explored the thermal acclimation of soil heterotrophic respiration (Rh) in a temperate steppe ecosystem in Inner Mongolia, China. A thermal acclimation mechanism, namely change in lipid composition of soil microbes, was also tested in this study. Our results showed that 6 years of warming treatment had significantly decreased soil mass‐specific respiration (substrate Rmass), indicating soil Rhwould acclimate to long‐term warming. In addition, we found that this thermal acclimation presented type II acclimation, because experimental warming significantly decreased substrate Rmassbut not the Q10values. Furthermore, we also found that long‐term experimental warming had already increased the carbon numbers of the fatty acids in soil microbial membranes at the community level. In summary, our results indicated that soil Rhcould acclimate to global warming via modifying cell membrane constitutions and these mechanisms would play vital roles in the near future.HighlightsSoil heterotrophic respiration (Rh) acclimated to long‐term warming in a steppe ecosystem.Soil Rhfollowed type II acclimation as warming decreased substrate Rmassbut did not change Q10.Experimental warming increased the carbon number of the fatty acids in soil microbial membranes.Soil Rhcan acclimate to global warming via shifting the lipid constitute of microbial membrane.
What can a comparative genomics approach tell us about the pathogenicity of mtDNA mutations in human populations?
Authors: O'Keefe Hannah , Queen Rachel , Lord Phillip , Elson Joanna L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMitochondrial disorders are heterogeneous, showing variable presentation and penetrance. Over the last three decades, our ability to recognize mitochondrial patients and diagnose these mutations, linking genotype to phenotype, has greatly improved. However, it has become increasingly clear that these strides in diagnostics have not benefited all population groups. Recent studies have demonstrated that patients from genetically understudied populations, in particular those of black African heritage, are less likely to receive a diagnosis of mtDNA disease. It has been suggested that haplogroup context might influence the presentation and penetrance of mtDNA disease; thus, the spectrum of mutations that are associated with disease in different populations. However, to date there is only one well‐established example of such an effect: the increased penetrance of two Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy mutations on a haplogroup J background. This paper conducted the most extensive investigation to date into the importance of haplogroup context on the pathogenicity of mtDNA mutations. We searched for proven human point mutations across 726 multiple sequence alignments derived from 33 non‐human species absent of disease. A total of 58 pathogenic point mutations arise in the sequences of these species. We assessed the sequence context and found evidence of population variants that could modulate the phenotypic expression of these point mutations masking the pathogenic effects seen in humans. This supports the theory that sequence context is influential in the presentation of mtDNA disease and has implications for diagnostic practices. We have shown that our current understanding of the pathogenicity of mtDNA point mutations, primarily built on studies of individuals with haplogroups HVUKTJ, will not present a complete picture. This will have the effect of creating a diagnostic inequality, whereby individuals who do not belong to these lineages are less likely to receive a genetic diagnosis.
The curative effect of cannabinoid 2 receptor agonist on functional failure and disruptive inflammation caused by intestinal ischemia and reperfusion
Authors: Bayram Sait , Parlar Ali , Arslan Seyfullah Oktay 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIschemia and reperfusion of intestinal tissue (intestinal I/R) induce disruption of ileal contractility and chain responses of inflammatory. The aim of this study was to reveal whether therapeutic value of cannabinoid 2 (CB2) receptor activity in the intestinal I/R, via to the exogenous administration of CB2 agonist (AM‐1241). Intestinal I/R injury were performed through 30‐min ischemia and 150‐min reperfusion of mesenteric artery in Wistar rats. The pre‐administered doses of 0.1, 1, and 5 mg/kg of CB2 agonist were studied to inhibit inflammation of intestinal I/R injury including ileum smooth muscle contractility, polymorphonuclear cell migration, oxidant/antioxidant defense system, and provocative cytokines. Pre‐administration with CB2 receptor agonist ensured to consider improving the disrupted contractile responses in ileum smooth muscle along with decreased the formation of MDA that production of lipid peroxidation, reversed the depleted glutathione, inhibited the expression of TNF‐α and of IL‐1β in the intestinal I/R of rats. Taken together results of this research, the agonistic activity of CB2 receptor for healing of intestinal I/R injury is ensuring associated with anti‐inflammatory mechanisms such as the inhibiting of migration of inflammatory polymorphonuclear cells that origin of acute and initial responses of inflammation, the inhibiting of production of provocative and pro‐inflammatory cytokines like TNF‐α and IL‐1β, the rebalancing of oxidant/antioxidant redox system disrupted in injury of reperfusion period and the supporting of physiologic defensive systems in endothelial and inducible inflammatory cells.
Online registry for nationwide database of Helicobacter pylori eradication in Korea: Correlation of antibiotic use density with eradication success
Authors: Kim Beom Jin , Yang Chang‐Hun , Song Hyun Joo , Jeon Seong Woo , Kim Gwang Ha , Kim Hyun‐Soo , Kim Tae Ho , Shim Ki‐Nam , Chung Il‐Kwun , Park Moo In , Choi Il Ju , Kim Ji Hyun , Kim Byung‐Wook , Baik Gwang Ho , Han Sok Won , Seo Hyang Eun , Jung Woon Tae , Hwan Oh Jung , Kim Sang Gyun , Lee Jun Haeng , Park Sue K. , Park Byung‐Joo , Yang Bo Ram , Lee Joongyub , Kim Jae G. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe Helicobacter pylori eradication rate has decreased with increasing antibiotic resistance. We conducted a prospective, nationwide, multicenter registry study to monitor the real status of H. pylori eradication therapy and to investigate the association between eradication success and antibiotic use density in Korea.Materials and MethodsWe enrolled 9318 patients undergoing H. pylori eradication therapy from 37 hospitals through “on‐line database registry” from October 2010 to July 2015. Demographic data, detection methods, treatment indications, regimens, durations, compliance, adverse events, and eradication results were collected. The use of all commercially available eradication antibiotics was analyzed through the Korean National Health Insurance data of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. The defined daily dose of antibiotics was used to standardize drug use comparisons.ResultsFinally, 6738 patients were analyzed. The overall eradication rate of first‐line therapy was 71.8%. The eradication success rates were 71.7%, 86.9%, and 74.0% for standard triple therapy for 7 days, quadruple therapy, and concomitant therapy, respectively. The eradication success rate in naive patients was higher than that in those who previously underwent H. pylori eradication. Eradication success was significantly associated with younger age, female sex, and high compliance. Regional differences in eradication rates were observed. The yearly use density of clarithromycin increased statistically in seven regions across the country from 2010 to 2015. The yearly use density of amoxicillin in the Gyeongsang and Chungcheong areas was significantly increased (P < .01), whereas that of other macrolides was significantly lower in the Gyeonggi area than in other areas (P = .01). The overall use of eradication antibiotics has increased while the eradication rate steadily decreased for 5 years. However, there was no significant correlation between antibiotic use density and eradication.ConclusionThere was no relationship between the eradication rate and antibiotic use density in Korea.
Inbreds and non‐inbreds among Russian academics: Short‐term similarity and long‐term differences in productivity
Authors: Lovakov Andrey , Yudkevich Maria , Alipova Olga 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper studies the publication productivity of inbreds and non‐inbreds among Russian academics. Existing literature provides ambiguous results on the relationship between inbred status and productivity. This may be explained by the use of different indicators for measuring publication productivity. We use data, which include indicators of both current publication productivity (at a certain point of time) and cumulative productivity (throughout the career) to identify whether inbreds and non‐inbreds differ in their productivity. We did not find any difference in current publication productivity of inbreds and non‐inbreds. We found, however, a difference in their cumulative publication productivity: non‐inbreds are being more productive on an individual level throughout their careers. Although the conclusions are based on the Russian data, the analysis provides an explanation for existing contradictory results on the relationship between academic inbreeding and productivity in general.
Does rural and urban community pharmacy practice differ? A narrative systematic review
Authors: Howarth Helen D , Peterson Gregory M , Jackson Shane L 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesAnecdotal comparisons between rural and urban community pharmacy practice have been frequently reported. Therefore, a narrative systematic review was conducted to examine the published international evidence comparing the nature of services provided from community pharmacies in both settings. A comprehensive literature search was undertaken across four databases. The key criterion for inclusion was a comparison of practice, excluding dispensing and associated counselling. Definitions of ‘rural’ were specific to the country and publication year.Key findingsThe search yielded 3830 titles, from which 17 publications met the inclusion criteria. The studies investigated current or proposed services and included the provision of pharmaceutical care, public health activities and prescribing. Rural customers were more willing to seek advice and talked longer to the pharmacist, but not always. There was limited evidence that rural pharmacists provided more professional services and they appeared to have better working relationships with prescribers. Many of the authors challenged the validity of their own results, suggesting that other confounding factors accounted for the observed differences. In general, the statistical analyses reported were basic, with multivariate analyses being uncommon. There was some evidence that rural pharmacists were seemingly more willing to take on new professional roles and deliver a higher level of service. However, this conclusion is based on a small number of studies, often with a limited number of respondents and simplistic data analyses. Further high-quality research is required to ascertain and characterise any real differences between rural and urban settings in community pharmacy practice.
Gender differences in physical activity and sedentary behaviour in adults with intellectual disabilities: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Westrop Sophie C. , Melville Craig A. , Muirhead Fiona , McGarty Arlene M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundAdults with intellectual disabilities are reported to be highly inactive, with research required to understand contributory factors. This systematic review aimed to investigate gender differences in physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) in adults with intellectual disabilities.MethodsThis systematic review was reported in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Seven databases were searched up to, and including, January 2018. Screening identified papers that assessed gender‐specific PA and/or SB outcomes in adults with intellectual disabilities. Data were synthesized using a narrative synthesis and random effects model meta‐analyses.ResultsTwenty‐six papers were included; 25 measured PA, and eight assessed SB. Women with intellectual disabilities were least active with a significant overall effect of gender identified. For SB, no consistent gender differences were found.ConclusionsReflecting the general population, men with intellectual disabilities were most active. Intellectual disability research should consider the role of gender to inform future interventions targeting inactivity.
Tyrosine‐protein phosphatase non‐receptor type 2 inhibits alveolar bone resorption in diabetic periodontitis via dephosphorylating CSF1 receptor
Authors: Zhang Dongjiao , Jiang Yanfei , Song Dawei , Zhu Zhenkun , Zhou Cong , Dai Li , Xu Xin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTyrosine‐protein phosphatase non‐receptor type 2 (PTPN2) is an important protection factor for diabetes and periodontitis, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. This study aimed to identify the substrate of PTPN2 in mediating beneficial effects of 25‐Hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)2D3) on diabetic periodontitis. 25(OH)2D3 photo‐affinity probe was synthesized with the minimalist linker and its efficacy to inhibit alveolar bone loss, and inflammation was evaluated in diabetic periodontitis mice. The probe was used to pull down the lysates of primary gingival fibroblasts. We identified PTPN2 as a direct target of 25(OH)2D3, which effectively inhibited inflammation and bone resorption in diabetic periodontitis mice. In addition, we found that colony‐stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) rather than JAK/STAT was the substrate of PTPN2 to regulate bone resorption. PTPN2 direct interacted with CSF1R and dephosphorylated Tyr807 residue. In conclusion, PTPN2 dephosphorylates CSF1R at Y807 site and inhibits alveolar bone resorption in diabetic periodontitis mice. PTPN2 and CSF1R are potential targets for the therapy of diabetic periodontitis or other bone loss‐related diseases.
A video‐based measure to identify autism risk in infancy
Authors: Young Gregory S. , Constantino John N. , Dvorak Simon , Belding Ashleigh , Gangi Devon , Hill Alesha , Hill Monique , Miller Meghan , Parikh Chandni , Schwichtenberg A.J. , Solis Erika , Ozonoff Sally 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundSigns of autism are present in the first 2 years of life, but the average age of diagnosis lags far behind. Instruments that improve detection of autism risk in infancy are needed. This study developed and tested the psychometric properties of a novel video‐based approach to detecting ASD in infancy.MethodsA prospective longitudinal study of children at elevated or lower risk for autism spectrum disorder was conducted. Participants were 76 infants with an older sibling with ASD and 37 infants with no known family history of autism. The Video‐referenced Infant Rating System for Autism (VIRSA) is a web‐based application that presents pairs of videos of parents and infants playing together and requires forced‐choice judgments of which video is most similar to the child being rated. Parents rated participants on the VIRSA at 6, 9, 12, and 18 months of age. We examined split‐half and test–retest reliability; convergent and discriminant validity; and sensitivity, specificity, and negative and positive predictive value for concurrent and 36‐month ASD diagnoses.ResultsThe VIRSA demonstrated satisfactory reliability and convergent and discriminant validity. VIRSA ratings were significantly lower for children ultimately diagnosed with ASD than children with typical development by 12 months of age. VIRSA scores at 18 months identified all children diagnosed with ASD at that age, as well as 78% of children diagnosed at 36 months.ConclusionsThis study represents an initial step in the development of a novel video‐based approach to detection of ASD in infancy. The VIRSA's psychometric properties were promising when used by parents with an older affected child, but still must be tested in community samples with no family history of ASD. If results are replicated, then the VIRSA's low‐burden, web‐based format has the potential to reduce disparities in communities with limited access to screening.
Difficult Peripheral Venous Access in Children: An International Survey and Critical Appraisal of Assessment Tools and Escalation Pathways
Authors: Schults Jessica , Rickard Claire , Kleidon Tricia , Paterson Rebecca , Macfarlane Fiona , Ullman Amanda 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundPeripheral venous cannulation is considered a routine procedure, yet 50% of first attempt insertions fail, necessitating repeat insertion attempts. Identification of children with difficult intravenous access (DIVA) can help promote prompt escalation to an appropriately skilled clinician.ObjectiveTo describe current international practice regarding the identification and management of children with DIVA, and to systematically review clinical tools and clinical pathways for children with DIVA.MethodsA cross‐sectional, international survey; followed by a systematic review and critical appraisal of clinical pathways using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research Evaluation (AGREE) II checklist.ResultsA total of 148 clinicians from eight countries completed the survey. The majority were nurses (n = 92; 62%), practicing as vascular access specialists (n = 27; 18%). Twenty‐three respondents (16%) reported using a DIVA tool, of which the DIVA Score was most common (n = 5; 22%). Five clinical pathways were identified from the survey and review. Based on the AGREE II domains, pathways generally scored well for scope and purpose, and for clarity of presentation areas. Information on the rigor of development and editorial independence was infrequently detailed. Based on AGREE II findings, one pathway was recommended for clinical practice, and four were recommended for use with modification.ConclusionsResources for the identification and escalation of children with DIVA are not standardized or consistently used. Further work is needed to streamline processes for DIVA identification and escalation to the appropriate clinician, with technology‐assisted insertion capability. This will enhance patient experiences and reduce harm from multiple insertion attempts.Clinical RelevanceMultiple failed insertion attempts come at great cost to the child, family, and healthcare service. Early identification and management of the child with DIVA can ensure prompt escalation and management, improving the patient and family experience.
Beyond property: Rural politics and land‐use change in the Colombian sugarcane landscape
Authors: Vélez‐Torres Irene , Varela Daniel , Cobo‐Medina Víctor , Hurtado Diana 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAnalysing the sugarcane landscape in the flat valley of the Cauca River (Colombia) reveals that agricultural industrialization in the region required the concentration ofland useby regional industrialists and the corresponding exclusion of landowners and poor peasants from territorial decision‐making processes. The analytical lens used in this article, based on the use and control over land and land‐based natural commons, allows for the characterization of three periods in a non‐linear process of articulation and dispute between poor peasant and capitalist agents in the expansion of the sugarcane monoculture during the 20th century. The different constellations of social agents, governmental nexus, and capital enclosures have enacted through mechanisms that, beyond concentrating land property, have managed to deprive rural ethnic communities from their cultural and environmental heritage, traditional economies, and possible futures.
Case of resuscitation from cardiac failure by intrauterine transfusion after single fetal death in monochorionic twin pregnancy
Authors: Iwagaki Shigenori , Takahashi Yuichiro , Chiaki Rika , Asai Kazuhiko , Matsui Masako , Katsura Daisuke 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn case of a single fetal death in monochorionic twin pregnancy, the surviving fetus is thought to become hypovolemic. However, there is no report of any evidence of fetal circulatory insufficiency in such cases. We present a case of a single fetal death in a monochorionic twin pregnancy with type III selective intrauterine growth restriction that involved low fractional shortening, high myocardial performance index, elevated pulsatility index in the middle cerebral artery and fetal ascites. After immediate intrauterine transfusion, each parameter improved promptly. The surviving baby grew up without cardiac and neurological complications. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on transient circulatory insufficiency and decreased cardiac function in the surviving fetus.