bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reperfusion therapy for minor stroke: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lan Lihuan , Rong Xiaoming , Li Xiangpen , Zhang Xiaoni , Pan Jingrui , Wang Hongxuan , Shen Qingyu , Peng Ying 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectivesApproximately, half of the acute stroke patients with minor symptoms were excluded from thrombolysis in some randomized controlled trials (RCTs). There is little evidence on treating minor strokes with rt‐PA. Here, we performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to assess the safety and efficacy of thrombolysis in these patients.MethodsPubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched in July 2018. All available RCTs and retrospective comparative studies that compared thrombolysis with nonthrombolysis' for acute minor stroke (NIHSS ≤ 5) with quantitative outcomes were included.ResultsTen studies, including a total of 4,333 patients, were identified. The risk of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) was higher in the rt‐PA group as compared with that in the non‐rt‐PA group (3.8% vs. 0.6%;p = .0001). However, there is no significant difference in the rate of mortality between the two groups (p = .96). The pooled rate of a good outcome in 90 days was 67.8% in those with rt‐PA and 63.3% in those without rt‐PA (p = .07). Heterogeneity was 43% between the studies (p = .08). After adjusting for the heterogeneity, thrombolysis was associated with good outcome (68.3% vs. 63.0%, OR 1.47; 95% CI 1.14–1.89;p = .003). In post hoc analyses, including only RCTs, the pooled rate of good outcome had no significant differences between the two groups (86.6% vs. 85.7%, 95% CI 0.44–3.17,p = .74; 87.4% vs. 91.9%, 95% CI 0.35–1.41,p = .32; before and after adjusting separately).ConclusionsAlthough thrombolysis might increase the risk of ICH based on existing studies, patients with acute minor ischemic stroke could still benefit from thrombolysis at 3 months from the onset.
Zeolite‐promoted Synthesis of Coumarins and Thiocoumarins
Authors: Zaitceva Olesia , Bénéteau Valérie , Ryabukhin Dmitry S. , Louis Benoit , Vasilyev Aleksander V. , Pale Patrick 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAcidic zeolites, especially faujasites, efficiently promote the intramolecular cyclization of aryl propynoates and propynethioates, which produces coumarins and thiocoumarins, usually in high yields. Comparison with homogeneous Lewis or BrØnsted acids and with heterogeneous related sieve materials revealed the prevalence of zeolites exhibiting large cage‐type pores (H‐USY) for such cyclizations. Various substituents proved compatible with the cyclization process, leading to a variety of substituted coumarins and thiocoumarins (20 examples, 30–99 %).
Capturing the Role of Phosphate in the Ni‐PY5 Catalyzed Water Oxidation
Authors: Pan Hui , Duan Lele , Liao Rong‐Zhen 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe mononuclear Nickel complex Ni‐PY5 [PY5=2, 6‐bis(1,1‐bis(2‐pyridyl)ethyl)pyridine] has been disclosed to catalyze water oxidation electrochemically with an applied potential of 1.5 V at pH 10.8 in aqueous phosphate buffer solution. Density functional calculations were used to elucidate the reaction mechanism of water oxidation catalyzed by this nickel complex and to capture the role of the phosphate. The calculations demonstrated that the oxidations of the starting [OH2−NiII‐PY5]2+ complex by two sequential proton‐coupled electron‐transfer processes lead to the formation of a key intermediate [O=NiIV‐PY5]2+. O−O bond formation then takes place through a water nucleophilic attack on the high‐valent NiIV=O moiety of the catalyst, facilitated by a hydrogen phosphate anion, with a total barrier of 11.5 kcal mol−1. The calculated barrier agrees very well with the experimental turnover frequency of about 2000 s−1, which corresponds to a barrier of 12.9 kcal mol−1. The calculated deuterium kinetic isotope effect of 1.99 is also in excellent agreement with the experimental value of 2.06. Finally, we also predicted the catalytic activity of other PY5‐based first‐row transition metal complexes, namely, involving Mn, Fe, Co and Cu. The calculations showed that the Mn, Fe, Co complexes have higher barrier for water oxidation, while the Cu complex has lower barrier and higher water oxidation activity compared with the Ni complex.
Materials Synthesis and Catalysis in Microfluidic Devices: Prebiotic Chemistry in Mineral Membranes
Authors: Wang Qingpu , Steinbock Oliver 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe processes that led to the origins of life possibly occurred in the inorganic precipitate membranes of alkaline hydrothermal vents. These geochemical systems provide spatial confinement, cross‐membrane gradients, and catalytic surfaces. The experimental exploration of catalysis in these materials is challenging due to the vastness of the underlying parameter space and the need to maintain nonequilibrium conditions for long times. Microfluidic approaches offer an efficient solution to some of these problems by allowing the formation of mineral membranes at the interface of flowing reactant solutions and the control of steep gradients. In this minireview, we summarize recent progress in the production of mineral membranes using laminar microfluidic devices and discuss their catalytic properties in the context of prebiotic chemistry. Examples of catalytic reactions include the formation of pyrophosphate, peptides, and thioesters in precipitates containing iron, nickel, and calcium.
Synthesis, Stability and Reactivity of α‐Fluorinated Azidoalkanes
Authors: Bakhanovich Olga , Beier Petr 
Published: September 2019

AbstractOrganic α‐fluorinated azidoalkanes appeared in the literature for the first time half a century ago. However, for a long time they remained undeveloped and were regarded as chemical curiosities. Recent advances in the preparation of α‐fluorinated azidoalkanes as well as studies on their stability and reactivity opened up their broader synthetic potential for the preparation of valuable fluorinated and non‐fluorinated compounds.
Longitudinal investigation of prognostic communication: Feasibility and acceptability of studying serial disease reevaluation conversations in children with high‐risk cancer
Authors: Kaye Erica C. , Gattas Melanie , Bluebond‐Langner Myra , Baker Justin N. 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundProspective investigation of medical dialogue is considered the gold standard in prognostic communication research. To the authors' knowledge, the achievability of collecting mixed methods data across an evolving illness trajectory for children with cancer is unknown.MethodsThe objective of the current study was to investigate the feasibility and acceptability of recording sequential medical discussions at disease reevaluation time points for children with high‐risk cancer. Mixed methods data (ie, surveys, interviews, checklists, and chart reviews) corresponding to each disease reevaluation conversation also were captured in real‐time for 34 patients across 24 months at an academic pediatric cancer center.ResultsAll eligible oncology clinicians (65 of 65 clinicians; 100%) and the majority of eligible patient/parent dyads (34 of 41 dyads; 82.9%) enrolled on the study; of 200 disease reevaluation discussions, 185 discussions (92.5%) were recorded, totaling >3300 minutes of recorded medical dialogue. Longitudinal data were captured for 31 of 34 patient/parent dyads (91.2%). The vast majority of study materials were completed, including 138 of 139 nonverbal communication checklists (99.3%), all 49 oncologist surveys (100%), 40 of 49 parent surveys (81.6%), all 34 oncologist interviews (100%), and 24 of 34 parent interviews (70.6%). Only 1 parent reported participation to be a “very” distressing experience, no parents believed that their level of distress warranted speaking with a psychosocial provider, and the majority of parents (18 of 29 parents; 62.1%) described study participation as “somewhat” or “very” useful to them.ConclusionsThe prospective, longitudinal investigation of prognostic communication using a mixed methods approach appears to be feasible and acceptable to clinicians, patients, and families. The study of sensitive content can be accomplished without causing undue participant burden or harm, thereby enabling further advancement of communication research.
Designing flows to enhance ecosystem functioning in heavily altered rivers
Authors: Bestgen Kevin R. , Poff N. LeRoy , Baker Daniel W. , Bledsoe Brian P. , Merritt David M. , Lorie Mark , Auble Gregor T. , Sanderson John S. , Kondratieff Boris C. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMore than a century of dam construction and water development in the western United States has led to extensive ecological alteration of rivers. Growing interest in improving river function is compelling practitioners to consider ecological restoration when managing dams and water extraction. We developed an Ecological Response Model (ERM) for the Cache la Poudre River, northern Colorado, USA, to illuminate effects of current and possible future water management and climate change. We used empirical data and modeled interactions among multiple ecosystem components to capture system‐wide insights not possible with the unintegrated models commonly used in environmental assessments. The ERM results showed additional flow regime modification would further alter the structure and function of Poudre River aquatic and riparian ecosystems due to multiple and interacting stressors. Model predictions illustrated that specific peak flow magnitudes in spring and early summer are critical for substrate mobilization, dynamic channel morphology, and overbank flows, with strong subsequent effects on instream and riparian biota that varied seasonally and spatially, allowing exploration of nuanced management scenarios. Instream biological indicators benefitted from higher and more stable base flows and high peak flows, but stable base flows with low peak flows were only half as effective to increase indicators. Improving base flows while reducing peak flows, as currently proposed for the Cache la Poudre River, would further reduce ecosystem function. Modeling showed that even presently depleted annual flow volumes can achieve substantially different ecological outcomes in designed flow scenarios, while still supporting social demands. Model predictions demonstrated that implementing designed flows in a natural pattern, with attention to base and peak flows, may be needed to preserve or improve ecosystem function of the Poudre River. Improved regulatory policies would include preservation of ecosystem‐level, flow‐related processes and adaptive management when water development projects are considered.
Indicators of wood frog (Lithobates sylvaticus) condition in a suburbanizing landscape
Authors: Eakin Carly , Calhoun Aram J. K. , Hunter Malcolm L. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) are threatened by habitat degradation associated with suburbanization. Suburban development near pools may affect larvae with ramifications for population persistence and vitality. We studied larval development and documented key vernal pool and terrestrial characteristics within 1000 m of 43 pools across the suburban development gradient near Bangor, Maine,USA. Specifically, we examined how survival and morphological characteristics (e.g., developmental phenology, condition, body length, and tail length and shape) varied with characteristics at pool and landscape scales. Secondarily, we explored associations between morphology and survival. Differences in tadpole morphology were associated with suburban land development, hydrology, within‐pool vegetation indicative of light availability at the water's surface, and density of pool‐breeding amphibian egg masses. Across all pools, tadpoles had delayed development and were larger in pools with longer hydroperiods, while tadpoles in suburban pools developed earlier and were larger than those in rural pools with comparable hydroperiods. Tadpoles developed later and had longer tails in pools with greater canopy cover. Morphology profiles also differed between rural and suburban sites and among years. Survival in suburban pools was predicted to be 15 times greater than in rural pools, but across all pools (including those at intermediate intensities of suburbanization), survival was not predicted to vary with either morphology or site characteristics. No strong relationship existed between developmental phenology and any condition or size metric. Because rural and suburban tadpoles responded similarly to within‐pool conditions, our results support the need to maintain natural hydrology and vegetation conditions in pools even in developing areas. Although we detected benefits to tadpoles with increasing suburbanization, suburbanization is well known to extirpate breeding populations; thus, it is likely that wood frog population declines associated with suburbanization are responding to stressors beyond the pool at terrestrial life stages.
Climatic seasonality is linked to the occurrence of the mixed evergreen and deciduous broad‐leaved forests in China
Authors: Ge Jielin , Berg Björn , Xie Zongqiang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEvergreen and deciduous broad‐leaved tree species can coexist across the globe and constitute different broad‐leaved forests along large‐scale geographical and climatic gradients. A better understanding of climatic influence on the distribution of mixed evergreen and deciduous broad‐leaved forest is of fundamental importance when assessing this mixed forest's resilience and predicting potential dynamics of broad‐leaved forests under future climate change. Here, we quantified the horizontal distribution of this mixed forest in mountains in relation to climate seasonality by compiling vegetation information from the earlier records and our own field sampling on major subtropical mountains of China. We found that the probability of occurrence of this forest in subtropical mountains was positively associated with the latitude but not the longitude. The occurrence probability of this forest was observed at high‐temperature but not precipitation seasonality mountains. Temperature seasonality was five times more important than precipitation seasonality in explaining the total variation of occurrence of this mixed forest. For its distribution, our results shed light on that temperature seasonality was generally a more powerful predictor than precipitation seasonality for montane mixed forest distribution. Collectively, this study clearly underscores the important role of temperature seasonality, a previously not quantified climatic variable, in the occurrence of this mixed forest along geographical gradients and hence yields useful insight into our understanding of climate–vegetation relationships and climate change vulnerability assessment in a changing climate.
TAM receptors attenuate murine NK‐cell responses via E3 ubiquitin ligase Cbl‐b
Authors: Chirino Leilani M. , Kumar Suresh , Okumura Mariko , Sterner David E. , Mattern Michael , Butt Tauseef R. , Kambayashi Taku 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTAM receptors (Tyro3, Axl, and Mer) are receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) that are expressed by multiple immune cells including NK cells. Although RTKs typically enhance cellular functions, TAM receptor ligation blocks NK‐cell activation. The mechanisms by which RTKs block NK‐cell signaling downstream of activating receptors are unknown. In this report, we demonstrate that TAM receptors attenuate NK cell responses via the activity of E3 ubiquitin ligase Casitas B lineage lymphoma b (Cbl‐b). Specifically, we show that Tyro3, Axl, and Mer phosphorylate Cbl‐b, and Tyro3 ligation activates Cbl‐b by phosphorylating tyrosine residues 133 and 363. Ligation of TAM receptors by their ligand Gas6 suppresses activating receptor‐stimulated NK‐cell functions such as IFN‐γ production and degranulation, in a TAM receptor kinase‐ and Cbl‐b‐dependent manner. Moreover, Gas6 ligation induces the degradation of LAT1, a transmembrane adaptor protein required for NK cell activating receptor signaling, in WT but not in Cbl‐b knock‐out NK cells. Together, these results suggest that TAM receptors may attenuate NK‐cell function by phosphorylating Cbl‐b, which in turn dampens NK‐cell activation signaling by promoting the degradation of LAT1. Our data therefore support a mechanism by which RTKs attenuate, rather than stimulate, signaling pathways via the activation of ubiquitin ligases.
Wearable Multiparameter Platform Based on AlGaN/GaN High‐electron‐mobility Transistors for Real‐time Monitoring of pH and Potassium Ions in Sweat
Authors: Liu Xinsheng , Zhao Lei , Miao Bin , Gu Zhiqi , Wang Jin , Peng Huoxiang , Li Jiande , Sun Wei , Li Jiadong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBiosensors based on field‐effect transistor (FET) structures have attracted considerable attention because they offer rapid, inexpensive parallel sensing and ultrasensitive label‐free detection. However, long‐term repeatable detection cannot be performed, and Ag/AgCl reference electrode design is complicated, which has hindered FET biosensors from becoming truly wearable health‐monitoring platforms. In this paper, we propose a novel wearable detection platform based on AlGaN/GaN high‐electron‐mobility transistors (HEMTs). In this platform, a sweatband was used to continuously collect sweat, and a pH detecting unit and a potassium ion detecting unit were formed by modifying different sensitive films to realize the long‐term stable and repeatable detection of pH and potassium ions. Experimental data show that the wearable detection platform based on AlGaN/GaN HEMTs has good sensitivity (pH 3–7 sensitivity is 45.72 μA/pH; pH 7.4–9 sensitivity is 51.073 μA/pH; and K+ sensitivity is 4.94 μA/lgαK+), stability (28 days) and repeatability (the relative standard deviation (RSD) of pH 3–7 sensitivity is 2.6 %, the RSD of pH 7.4–9 sensitivity is 2.1 %, and the RSD of K+ sensitivity is 7.3 %). Our newly proposed wearable platform has excellent potential for predictive analytics and personalized medical treatment.
Pattern of uncontrolled allergic rhinitis in a hospital setting of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Kakobo Patricia K. , Kalala Hilaire K. , Tshibola Maguy M. , Kelekele Joseph K. , Nyembue Dieudonné T. , Hellings Peter W. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimTo determine the clinical and allergic features of uncontrolled allergic rhinitis (UCAR) in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).MethodsObservational cross‐sectional study of 311 patients with UCAR. Allergic rhinitis was diagnosed clinically with sensitization to inhalant allergens and then confirmed by skin prick test. Severity was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), with VAS scores greater than or equal to 5 used as cut off to determine uncontrolled status.ResultsThe mean age of UCAR patients was 30.7 ± 15.1 years and 66.9% of the patients were females. Three out of four patients had persistent UCAR while the remainder had intermittent symptoms. UCAR was associated with rhinosinusitis and asthma in 18.6% and 18% of the patients, respectively. Among UCAR patients, 95.2% were polysensitized. The allergens most frequently involved were mites (82%), cat (27.3%), and dog (26.7%). The most frequent symptoms were nasal congestion, sneezing, and runny nose. There were 44.4% of the patients treated with nasal corticosteroids and 33.1% with oral antihistamine (anti‐H1).ConclusionsThis study reports on the clinical phenotype of UCAR in the DRC. The findings contribute to our understanding of UCAR in this population and may be used to implement strategies to reduce the prevalence and burden of UCAR in this setting.
Intercalation of a flavonoid, silibinin into DNA base pairs: Experimental and theoretical approach
Authors: Pawar Suma K. , Jaldappagari Seetharamappa 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPolyphenols are secondary plant metabolites, which have received much attention because of their potential health benefits. Silibinin (SIL) is a well‐known naturally occurring flavonolignan, which is extensively used in treating a wide variety of diseases as a dietary supplement as well as a prescribed drug. The mechanism of binding of SIL to calf thymus DNA (ctDNA) was investigated by employing multispectroscopic techniques, viz., absorption, fluorescence, and circular dichroism besides viscosity measurements and docking studies. Analysis of fluorescence results indicated that SIL has interacted with ctDNA and quenched its intensity through static quenching mechanism. The binding constant at room temperature was found to be 2.48×104 mol−1, suggesting moderate binding affinity between SIL and ctDNA. The hypochromicity observed in the absorption spectra of ctDNA in the presence of SIL revealed the intercalation of SIL into ctDNA base pairs. Further, the intercalative mode of binding between SIL and ctDNA was confirmed by viscosity measurements and molecular docking studies. The outcome of present study helps to decipher the interaction mechanism between SIL and DNA at physiological pH, which further assists in the design of a new analogue for better therapeutic effects.
The Impact of Preoperative Immunonutrition and Standard Polymeric Supplements on Patient Outcomes After Pelvic Exenteration Surgery, Taking Compliance Into Consideration: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hogan Sophie , Solomon Michael , Rangan Anna , Ferrie Suzie , Carey Sharon 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe effect of immunonutrition vs standard polymeric nutrition in the preoperative phase on patient outcomes is still unclear, which could be due to contributing factors such as poorly reported compliance and unequal provision of protein, energy, and volume. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of preoperative immunonutrition compared with standard polymeric supplements matched for energy, protein, volume, length of stay, and postoperative complications in pelvic exenteration surgery, taking into consideration compliance.MethodsThis was a single‐blinded, randomized, controlled trial in patients undergoing pelvic exenteration surgery. Fifty‐two participants were randomly assigned to consume 3 immunonutrition supplements/d for 5 days preoperatively, and 56 participants were randomly assigned to consume 3 standard polymeric supplements/d for 5 days preoperatively. Primary and secondary outcome measures were assessed. Compliance with each nutrition regime was recorded during the intervention, and subanalysis was conducted.ResultsThere was no significant difference between immunonutrition and standard polymeric supplements on length of stay (P = 0.988) or postoperative complications (P = 0.179) after pelvic exenteration surgery. Compliance with nutrition supplements was significantly less in malnourished (n = 33) compared with well‐nourished participants (n = 74) (P = 0.016). Compliance varied between study groups, although not significant.ConclusionPreoperative immunonutrition did not significantly impact length of stay or postoperative complications compared with standard polymeric supplements after pelvic exenteration surgery, despite controlling for protein, energy, and volume. Compliance, protein, and energy may considerably impact the effect of immunonutrition, particularly in malnourished patients.