bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detrital zircon and apatite constraints on depositional ages, sedimentation rates and provenance: Pliocene Productive Series, South Caspian Basin, Azerbaijan
Authors: Abdullayev Nazim R. , Weber John , van Baak Christiaan G. C. , Aliyeva Elmira , Leslie Caitlin , Riley Gregory W. , O'Sullivan Paul , Kislitsiyn Roman 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe used detrital zircon U/Pb geochronology and apatite (U–Th–Sm)/He thermochronology to better constrain depositional ages and sedimentation rates for the Pliocene Productive Series in Azerbaijan. U/Pb analysis of 1,379 detrital zircon grains and (U–Th–Sm)/He analysis of 57 apatite grains—from Kirmaky Valley and Yasamal Valley onshore sections, Absheron Peninsula—yielded two distinct sub‐populations: “young” Neogene grains and “old” Mesozoic, Palaeozoic and Proterozoic/Archean grains. The large numbers of Neogene age grains (around 10% of all grain ages) provided a new absolute age constraint on the maximum depositional age of the Lower Productive Series of 4.0 Myr. These “young” Neogene zircon grains most likely originated from volcanic ash falls sourced from the Lesser Caucasus or Talesh Mountains. In this paper we propose a timescale scenario using the maximum depositional age of the Productive Series from detrital zircon grain U/Pb constraints. Potential consequences and limitations of using apatite (U–Th–Sm)/He dating method in estimating maximum depositional ages are also discussed. These new age constraints for the Lower Productive Series gave much faster sedimentation rates than previously estimated: 1.3 km/Myr in the South Caspian Basin margin outcrops and up to 3.9 km/Myr in the basin centre. The sedimentation rates are one of the highest in comparison to other sedimentary basins and coeval to global increase in sedimentation rates 2–4 Myr. The older group of detrital zircon grains constitutes the majority of grains in all sample sets (~80%). These older ages are inferred to reflect the provenance of the Productive Series sediment. This sediment is interpreted to have been derived from the Proterozoic and Archean crystalline basement rocks and Phanerozoic cover of the East European Craton, Proterozoic/Palaeozoic rocks of the Ural Mountains and Mesozoic sedimentary rocks of the Greater Caucasus. This sediment was likely supplied from northerly sourced drainage that emptied into the South Caspian Basin.
Getting a Read on Ready To Learn Media: A Meta‐analytic Review of Effects on Literacy
Authors: Hurwitz Lisa B. 
Published: February 2018

Most U.S. preschoolers have consumed media created with funding from the U.S. Department of Education's Ready To Learn (RTL) initiative, which was established to promote school readiness among children ages 2–8. Synthesizing data from 45 evaluations (N = 24,624 unique child participants), this meta‐analysis examined the effects of RTL media exposure on young children's literacy skills. Results indicate positive effects of RTL media exposure on children's literacy outcomes, especially vocabulary and phonological concepts. These effects are equivalent to about one‐and‐a‐half months of literacy learning above and beyond typical growth. Findings are robust across a variety of research designs and for exposure to both television and new media. These results are discussed in terms of accountability evidence for RTL and larger debates in scholarly understanding of educational media effects.
Corticostriatal network dysfunction in Huntington's disease: Deficits in neural processing, glutamate transport, and ascorbate release
Authors: Rebec George V. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryAimsThis review summarizes evidence for dysfunctional connectivity between cortical and striatal neurons in Huntington's disease (HD), a fatal neurodegenerative condition caused by a single gene mutation. The focus is on data derived from recording of electrophysiological signals in behaving transgenic mouse models.DiscussionsFiring patterns of individual neurons and the frequency oscillations of local field potentials indicate a disruption in corticostriatal processing driven, in large part, by interactions between cells that contain the mutant gene rather than the mutant gene alone. Dysregulation of glutamate, an excitatory amino acid released by cortical afferents, plays a key role in the breakdown of corticostriatal communication, a process modulated by ascorbate, an antioxidant vitamin found in high concentration in striatum. Up‐regulation of glutamate transport by drug administration or viral‐vector delivery improves ascorbate homeostasis and neurobehavioral processing in HD mice. Further analysis of electrophysiological data, including the use of sophisticated computational strategies, is required to discern how behavioral demands modulate the flow of corticostriatal information and its disruption by HD.ConclusionsLong before massive cell loss occurs, HD impairs the mechanisms by which cortical and striatal neurons communicate. A key problem identified in transgenic animal models is dysregulation of the dynamic changes in extracellular glutamate and ascorbate. Improved understanding of how these neurochemical systems impact corticostriatal communication is necessary before an effective therapeutic strategy can emerge.
How to Create Shared Symbols
Authors: Fay Nicolas , Walker Bradley , Swoboda Nik , Garrod Simon 
Published: February 2018

AbstractHuman cognition and behavior are dominated by symbol use. This paper examines the social learning strategies that give rise to symbolic communication. Experiment 1 contrasts an individual‐level account, based on observational learning and cognitive bias, with an inter‐individual account, based on social coordinative learning. Participants played a referential communication game in which they tried to communicate a range of recurring meanings to a partner by drawing, but without using their conventional language. Individual‐level learning, via observation and cognitive bias, was sufficient to produce signs that became increasingly effective, efficient, and shared over games. However, breaking a referential precedent eliminated these benefits. The most effective, most efficient, and most shared signs arose when participants could directly interact with their partner, indicating that social coordinative learning is important to the creation of shared symbols. Experiment 2 investigated the contribution of two distinct aspects of social interaction: behavior alignment and concurrent partner feedback. Each played a complementary role in the creation of shared symbols: Behavior alignment primarily drove communication effectiveness, and partner feedback primarily drove the efficiency of the evolved signs. In conclusion, inter‐individual social coordinative learning is important to the evolution of effective, efficient, and shared symbols.
Inverse association of insulin antibody levels with insulin sensitivity in adults with Type 1 diabetes
Authors: Burkart V. , Strassburger K. , Zivehe F. , Markgraf D. , Herder C. , Müssig K. , Szendroedi J. , Schloot N. , Roden M. ,   the GDS Group
Published: February 2018

AbstractAimsInsulin resistance may contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune‐mediated diabetes. Antibodies against β‐cell‐associated molecules, comprising islet cell antigen (ICA), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and insulin, characterize the autoimmune process. Because the link between insulin resistance and autoimmunity might be relevant for disease progression and treatment, we hypothesized that insulin resistance associates positively with β‐cell‐directed antibodies in newly diagnosed Type 1 diabetes.MethodsWithin the German Diabetes Study, an observational study including adults with newly diagnosed diabetes, 142 adults [84 men, 58 women; age 33.1 (26.4, 41.9) years; diabetes duration 6.3 (4.2, 9.1) months] positive for at least one antibody against ICA, GAD or insulin underwent hyperinsulinaemic–euglycaemic clamp tests to assess insulin sensitivity (M‐value) in a cross‐sectional setting.ResultsInsulin‐directed antibodies were inversely correlated with M‐values (β = −0.039). Albeit not strong, the association persisted after adjustment for age, sex and BMI, and even after further adjustment for confounders reflecting exposure to exogenous insulin and residual β‐cell secretory capacity. Correlation network‐based analyses revealed a complex interaction between levels of fasting insulin and of insulin antibodies with respect to their relationship with the M‐value. GAD‐ or ICA‐directed antibodies did not correlate with insulin sensitivity.ConclusionsIn adults with recent‐onset Type 1 diabetes expressing at least one β‐cell‐directed antibody, insulin sensitivity is inversely related to insulin antibody titres, but not to other autoantibodies. Our finding may allow for the identification of insulin resistance in adults with high levels of insulin antibodies.
Continuing rise of Type 2 diabetes incidence in children and young people in the UK
Authors: Candler T. P. , Mahmoud O. , Lynn R. M. , Majbar A. A. , Barrett T. G. , Shield J. P. H. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAimsTo estimate the incidence of Type 2 diabetes in children aged <17 years, compare this with similar data 10 years ago, and characterize clinical features at diagnosis in the UK and Republic of Ireland.MethodsUsing the British Paediatric Surveillance Unit reporting framework, cases of Type 2 diabetes diagnosed in children aged <17 years between 1 April 2015 and 30 April 2016 were reported each month.ResultsA total of 106 cases were reported, giving a UK incidence of 0.72/100 000 (95% CI 0.58–0.88). Children from ethnic minorities had significantly higher incidence compared with white children (0.44/100 000) with rates of 2.92/100 000 and 1.67/100 000, in Asian and BACBB (black/African/Caribbean/black British) children respectively. Sixty‐seven percent were girls and 81% had a family history of Type 2 diabetes. The mean BMI sd score at diagnosis was 2.89 (2.88, girls; 2.92, boys); 81% were obese. Children of Asian ethnicity had a significantly lower BMI sd score compared with white children (P<0.001). There was a trend in increased incidence from 2005 to 2015, with a rate ratio of 1.35 (95% CI 0.99–1.84), although this was not statistically significant (P=0.062). There was statistical evidence of increased incidence among girls (P=0.03) and children of South‐Asian ethnicity (P=0.01) when comparing the 2005 and 2015 surveys.ConclusionsType 2 diabetes remains far less common than Type 1 diabetes in childhood in the UK, but the number of cases continues to rise, with significantly increased incidence among girls and South‐Asian children over a decade. Female gender, family history, non‐white ethnicity and obesity were found to be strongly associated with the condition.
Clinical and echocardiographic characteristics of patients in sinus rhythm, normal left ventricular function, and indeterminate diastolic function
Authors: Shimron Matan , Williams Lynne , Hazanov Yevgeni , Ghanim Diab , Kinany Wadia , Amir Offer , Carasso Shemy 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundDiastolic dysfunction (DDFx) is the major underlying mechanism of heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (EF). Yet, the echocardiographic diagnosis of DDFx in patients in sinus rhythm is challenging and up to 25% of studies have discrepant measures making assessment of DDFx indeterminate. We aimed to describe the clinical and echocardiographic characteristics of patients with indeterminate diastolic function compared to patients with definite normal and abnormal diastolic function.MethodsOne thousand six hundred seventy‐four patients were identified from the echocardiography database in sinus rhythm, EF ≥ 45% without wall‐motion abnormalities, valvular, congenital heart diseases, cardiomyopathies or pulmonary disease. Patients were divided according to their lateral mitral E/Eʹ ratio and left atrial systolic diameter: normal diastolic function (DFx) (left atrial systolic diameter [LASd] <40 mm, E/Eʹ < 10), DDFx (LASd ≥ 40 mm, E/Eʹ ≥ 10) and indeterminate DFx (discrepant LASd diameter and E/Eʹ ratio).ResultsClinical and echocardiographic characteristics of the 3 groups, DDFx (n = 186), indeterminate diastolic function (IndtDFx) (n = 207), and normal diastolic function (NDFx) (n = 1281) were significantly different. IndtDFx demonstrated intermediate parameter abnormalities, largely overlapping with DDFx. LASd and E/Eʹ were similarly associated with the inability to determine diastolic function. Age, female gender, renal failure, E/Eʹ and pulmonary pressure were found to be independent predictors of heart failure symptoms (RR = 1.02, 1.5, 2.5, 1.1, 1.1, respectively, P < .0001, r = .35).ConclusionClinically and echocardiographically patients with IndtDFx are more closely related to DDfx than to NDFx. Although LAd was abnormal in IndtDFx it was not predictive of heart failure symptoms. Further study is suggested to establish whether LA function rather than its maximal size can provide additional information.
Pilot towards developing a school mental health service: Experiences and lessons learnt in implementing Kenya integrated intervention model for dialogue and screening to promote children's mental well‐being
Authors: Mutiso Victoria N. , Musyimi Christine W. , Musau Abednego M. , Nandoya Erick S. , Mckenzie Kwame , Ndetei David M. 
Published: February 2018

AimThis paper aims at documenting the process of implementing "Kenya Integrated intervention model for Dialogue and Screening to promote children's mental wellbeing (KIDS)", with emphasis on activities, experiences, challenges and lessons learnt through the process that can inform improvement in Kenya and other social‐economically and culturally similar settings.MethodsKIDS aimed at providing early and integrated culturally acceptable intervention to promote child mental health in 6 to 13 year olds, targeting 5429 children in 24 schools. It was a pilot study conducted in 2 administrative counties in Kenya (Machakos and Makueni). The main goal of this study was to test the efficacy and feasibility of the proposed model that incorporated several significant stakeholders.ResultsThe implementation of KIDS was grouped into 6 stepwise and 2 ongoing processes: (1) Stakeholder engagement and collaboration; (2) Selecting, adapting, translating, piloting and adopting the study tools; (3) Conducting Participatory Theory of Change (ToC); (4) Building the capacity of the key implementing partners; (5) Community awareness and psycho‐education, (6) Using school‐based life skills and peer clubs counselling to provide psychosocial support; (7) Ongoing monitoring, supervision and quality assurance and (8) Ongoing knowledge exchange and dissemination. Specific logistical challenges and possible solutions for future school mental health services are also stated in this article.ConclusionKIDS is a feasible model for school mental health service programme in Kenya but there are challenges which provide innovative opportunities for better designed school mental health services programme.
First report of invasive brown marmorated stink bug Halyomorpha halys (Stål, 1855) in Croatia
Authors: Šapina I. , Jelaska L. Šerić 
Published: February 2018

The brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål, 1855) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), has been spreading over Europe since the first documented records from Liechtenstein in 2004 and Switzerland in 2007. It is considered to be a pest in many agricultural crops and a household nuisance. In 2017 the species was observed in Croatia for the first time, in the city of Rijeka on the north Adriatic coast. Halyomorpha halys has already been recorded in three nearby countries (Italy, Hungary and Serbia), and therefore the arrival of this species had been expected from neighbouring populations or from distant sources via trading goods. To identify the pathway of entry, the haplotypes of H. halys (Stål, 1855) individuals were analysed by comparing a part of the mitochondrial COI gene with other haplotypes present in the GenBank database. Individual specimens shared the most common haplotype with nearby Italian and Hungarian populations.
Beyond the snapshot: Landscape genetic analysis of time series data reveal responses of American black bears to landscape change
Authors: Draheim Hope M. , Moore Jennifer A. , Fortin Marie‐Josée , Scribner Kim T. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractLandscape genetic studies typically focus on the evolutionary processes that give rise to spatial patterns that are quantified at a single point in time. Although landscape change is widely recognized as a strong driver of microevolutionary processes, few landscape genetic studies have directly evaluated the change in spatial genetic structure (SGS) over time with concurrent changes in landscape pattern. We introduce a novel approach to analyze landscape genetic data through time. We demonstrate this approach using genotyped samples (n = 569) from a large black bear (Ursus americanus) population in Michigan (USA) that were harvested during 3 years (2002, 2006, and 2010). We identified areas that were consistently occupied over this 9‐year period and quantified temporal variation in SGS. Then, we evaluated alternative hypotheses about effects of changes in landscape features (e.g., deforestation or crop conversion) on fine‐scale SGS among years using spatial autoregressive modeling and model selection. Relative measures of landscape change such as magnitude of landscape change (i.e., number of patches changing from suitable to unsuitable states or vice versa), and during later periods, measures of fragmentation (i.e., patch aggregation and cohesion) were associated with change in SGS. Our results stress the importance of conducting time series studies for the conservation and management of wildlife inhabiting rapidly changing landscapes.
Involving children and young people in clinical research through the forum of a European Young Persons’ Advisory Group: needs and challenges
Authors: Gaillard Segolene , Malik Salma , Preston Jenny , Escalera Begonya Nafria , Dicks Pamela , Touil Nathalie , Mardirossian Sandrine , Claverol‐Torres Joana , Kassaï Behrouz 
Published: February 2018

AbstractChildren and young people are seen as fundamental to the design and delivery of clinical research as active and reflective participants. In Europe, involvement of children and young people in clinical research is promoted extensively in order to engage young people in research as partners and to give them a voice to raise their own issues or opinions and for their involvement in planning and decision making in addition to learning research skills. Children and young people can be trained in clinical research through participation in young person advisory groups (YPAGs). Members of YPAGs assist other children and young people to learn about clinical research and share their experience and point of view with researchers, thereby possibly influencing all phases of research including the development and prioritization of research questions, design and methods, recruitment plans, and strategies for results dissemination. In the long term, the expansion of YPAGs in Europe will serve as a driving force for refining pediatric clinical research. It will help in a better definition of research projects according to the patients’ needs. Furthermore, direct engagement of children and young people in research will be favorable to both researchers and young people.
Postdialysis recovery time is extended in patients with greater self‐reported depression screening questionnaire scores
Authors: Davenport Andrew , Guirguis Ayman , Almond Michael , Day Clara , Chilcot Joseph , Da Silva Gane Maria , Fineberg Naomi , Friedl Karin , Spencer Benjamin , Wellsted David , Farrington Ken 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIntroduction: Most patients take time to recover after a hemodialysis (HD) session. It has been suggested that recovery time is associated with intradialytic hypotension and rapid solute clearances. Other studies have reported a linkage to depression. We investigated the association between recovery time and intradialytic hypotension and depression.Methods: In five UK HD units, we screened for depressive symptoms using the Beck depression inventory‐II, Patient Health Questionnaire, and recorded sessional blood pressures and Kt/Vurea.Findings: Seven hundred and one HD patients were studied; 63.6% male, mean age 64.1 ± 16.6 years, 33.5% diabetic. About 24.1% recovered in <1 hour, 27% 1–4 hours, 15.4% 4–8 hours, 10.7% 8–12 hours, and 22.8% after 12 hours. Systolic blood pressure fell by ≥20 mmHg in 30.9% postdialysis, and to <100 mmHg in 7.6%. In multivariate analysis, patients with recovery times >1 hour were more likely to be female, have high self‐reported Beck depression inventory‐II scores, a past medical history of depression, and be living without a partner. Longer recovery times were also associated with very low postdialysis systolic blood pressures (<100 mmHg), and higher body weight. However, the model predicted only 18% of the variation in recovery times. We found no association between recovery times and short‐term mortality risk.Discussion: Prolonged postdialysis recovery times are associated with higher self‐reported depression scores, and very low postdialysis blood pressure. Future studies investigating changes in dialysis practice and recovery times will need to target strategies to prevent intradialytic hypotension and adjust for patient psychological status.
Enforcement quality and the use of earnouts in M&A transactions: International evidence
Authors: Viarengo Luca , Gatti Stefano , Prencipe Annalisa 
Published: February 2018

AbstractEarnouts are contractual agreements in merger and acquisition (M&A) deals that link part of the acquisition price to the future performance of the target company. These contracts seem to be a panacea for adverse selection and valuation risk issues in M&As. However, earnouts are not very popular. A likely reason for their limited diffusion is that earnouts have their origin in disagreement and in disagreement they may end: given the complexity of the verification of their outcome and the risk of moral hazard by the bidder, litigation at the time of their payout is far from uncommon. Absent effective legal protection for earnout holders, the potential benefits of these contracts could turn out to be empty promises, thus limiting incentives to include them in acquisition deals. Using an international sample of 37,228 deals completed between 2000 and 2015, we show that the inclusion of these contracts in M&As is significantly related to a country's enforcement quality. Furthermore, we show that a similar relation holds for the proportion of earnout payments with respect to total consideration. Our results hold after controlling for other determinants of earnout suggested by prior literature and for other institutional factors that could affect the use of earnouts.
Effect of caloric restriction on depression
Authors: Manchishi Stephen Malunga , Cui Ran Ji , Zou Xiao Han , Cheng Zi Qian , Li Bing jin 
Published: February 2018

AbstractRecently, most of evidence shows that caloric restriction could induce antidepressant‐like effects in animal model of depression. Based on studies of the brain–gut axis, some signal pathways were common between the control of caloric restriction and depression. However, the specific mechanism of the antidepressant‐like effects induced by caloric restriction remains unclear. Therefore, in this article, we summarized clinical and experimental studies of caloric restriction on depression. This review may provide a new therapeutic strategy for depression.