bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Dimensions of the Nasal Septal Cartilage: A Preliminary Study in Adult Filipino Malay Cadavers
Authors: Pernia Niña Eliza R. , Galvez Joseph Amado C. , Victoria Francisco A. 
Published: April 2019

Objective: This study aimed to measure the dimensions of the nasal septal cartilage in adult Filipino Malay cadavers and calculate the cartilage area and the amount of graft material that can be harvested from the septal cartilage.
Methods:
Study Design: Descriptive, cross-sectional
Setting: Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila College of Medicine Anatomy Laboratory
Subjects: Ten (10) preserved adult cadavers dissected within a period from September 2010 to October 2010. The septal cartilages were harvested and the lengths of the cephalic margin, dorsal margin, caudal margin, and ventral margin were measured. From these measurements, the total area of the cartilage and the amount of graft material that can be harvested were calculated.
Results: The mean length of each margin of the septal cartilage was 25.9mm (cephalic edge), 22.3 mm (dorsal edge), 21.4mm (caudal edge) and 33.1 mm (ventral edge). The area of the septal cartilage had a mean value of 652.5 mm2. The amount of septal cartilage which can be harvested had a mean area of 403mm2.
Conclusion: This study showed a slight decrease in septal cartilage area to 652.5 mm2 and in available graft material to 403 mm2. While this decrease may reflect the apparently smaller noses of native Southeast Asians compared to East Asians and South Asians, the difference in values can also be due to the difference in the number of subjects or in methods of measurement, and further studies are recommended to determine the extent of inter-racial variability.
Keywords: Septal cartilage, autologous graft
Nonkeratinizing Carcinoma of the Sinonasal Tract: A Diagnosis of Confusing Nomenclature
Authors: Rashid Nur Hashima Abdul , Pauzi Suria Hayati Md , Tan Geok Chin , Husain Salina , Yunus Mohd Razif Mohammad , Gendeh Balwant Singh 
Published: April 2019

Objective: To describe a rare case of nonkeratinizing carcinoma of the sinonasal tract and review the literature on the nomenclature of its many synonyms.
Method:
Study design: Case report
Setting: Tertiary Referral Center
Patients: One
Result: A 45-year-old female presented with a 6-month history of left nasal obstruction associated with epistaxis. Computed tomography revealed a mass expanding the left nasal cavity with the epicenter arising from the anterior ethmoidal air cells. Endoscopic resection of the tumor was carried out but as there was residual tumor, she then underwent endoscopic-assisted medial maxillectomy via a lateral rhinotomy. A subsequent computed tomography scan showed residual tumor adhering to the ipsilateral periorbita. The patient has so far declined intensity modulated radiotherapy that was advised though she is still under regular follow-up.
Conclusion: Nonkeratinizing carcinoma of the sinonasal tract is a rare entity and there are very few reports concerning this type of malignancy. This may be partly due to its many synonyms, such as cylindrical cell carcinoma, Schneiderian carcinoma and transitional cell carcinoma. Nomenclature of this tumor should be standardized to avoid confusion and misdocumentation.
Keywords: nonkeratinizing carcinoma, Schneiderian carcinoma, transitional cell carcinoma, cylindrical cell carcinoma, Ringertz carcinoma, respiratory epithelial carcinoma
Kimura’s Disease Initially Diagnosed as Malignancy then Extra-Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: King-Chao Nikki Lorraine Y. , Castañeda Samantha S. , Sarte Michael A. 
Published: April 2019

Objective: To describe a rare case of Kimura’s disease initially misdiagnosed as malignancy then tuberculosis.Methods: Design: Case report Setting: Tertiary Private Hospital Patient: OneResults: A 30-year-old male with a 6-year history of gradually-enlarging right infra-auricular mass revealed an enlarged mass in the right infraauricular area and multiple cervical lymphadenopathies on physical examination. Initial fine-needle aspiration biopsy was interpreted as pleomorphic adenocarcinoma but succeeding work-ups and imaging studies led to treatmentfor tuberculosis. Subsequent biopsies finally led to the proper histopathologic diagnosis of Kimura’s disease and the patient was shifted to appropriate treatment with oral prednisone.Conclusion: Kimura’s disease is rare and may be confused with other diseases such as malignancyor tuberculosis. Histopathologic diagnosis is necessary as its treatment differs from tuberculosisand other diseases.Keywords: Kimura’s disease, parotid gland tumor, angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia
Extragnathic Sinonasal Ameloblastoma: A Rare Benign Intranasal Tumor with Malignant Features
Authors: Gloria Jonel Donn Leo S. 
Published: April 2019

Objective: To report a case of extragnathic sinonasal ameloblastoma and discuss its clinical features, approach to diagnosis, pathology, and management.

Methods:
Study Design: Case report
Setting: Tertiary government university hospital
Subject: One

Results: A 40-year-old female consulted for a rapidly enlarging right intranasal mass of 4 months duration associated with recurrent profuse epistaxis and nasal obstruction. Previous specimens of the mass were histopathologically interpreted as ameloblastoma versus craniopharyngioma. Examination revealed a pink, fleshy, smooth right intranasal mass with associated nasomaxillary bulge and supero-lateral displacement of the right eye. Computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses demonstrated a soft-tissue density occupying the entire nasal cavity with erosion but no invasion of the maxillary sinus and no intracranial extension despite erosion of the skull base. The mass was completely excised via lateral rhinotomy and the final histopathologic diagnosis was ameloblastoma.

Conclusion: Extragnathic sinonasal ameloblastoma is a benign but locally aggressive variant of ameloblastoma involving the nasal cavity and/or paranasal sinuses often mimicking malignant tumors. Diagnosis is primarily based on histopathology but radiologic and intraoperative findings help distinguish it from differentials. Complete surgical excision remains the treatment of choice, and coupled with good follow up, may improve the prognosis of patients.

Keywords: sinonasal ameloblastoma, extragnathic, craniopharyngioma
Giant Ossifying Fibroma of the Frontoethmoid Sinus: A Silent Peril
Authors: Laxamana Joman Q. , Gutierrez Rene Louie C. , Claridad Roberto C. 
Published: April 2019

Objective: To present a rare case of a large ossifying fibroma of the frontoethmoid sinus and describe our experience with the clinical presentation, diagnosis, management dilemmas, surgical approach and outcome of our patient.
Methods:
Design: Case Report
Setting: Tertiary Government General Hospital
Patient: One
Results: A 29-year-old housewife consulted with a large left frontoethmoidal mass of 20 years duration causing significant facial deformity, left eye proptosis, headache and psychosocial distress. Initial CT scans and MRI revealed a well-encapsulated mass occupying the frontoethmoid sinus, left orbit and anterior cranial fossa and subsequent surgical management involved three important aspects: 1. Wide extirpation of the tumor; 2. Preservation of the brain, left orbital contents and function; and 3. reconstruction of the facial defect using calvarial bone graft, abdominal fat and temporalis muscle flaps.
Conclusion: A large ossifying fibroma of the frontoethmoidal sinus threatens the integrity of the vital structures it compresses and poses compelling diagnostic and surgical challenges. Adequate imaging, multidisciplinary planning, and surgical expertise are needed to ensure a successful outcome.
Keywords: Ossifying Fibroma, Frontoethmoid Sinus, Mucocele, Orbital Preservation, Calvarial Bone Graft, Abdominal Fat Graft
Transcanal Resection of a Type 1 Glomus Tympanicum
Authors: Arriola Anna Carlissa P. , De Guzman Thanh Vu T. 
Published: April 2019

Objective: To present a case of Type 1 glomus tympanicum, its clinical presentations, surgical management and outcome.
Methods:
Study Design: Case Report
Setting: Tertiary Government Hospital
Patient: One
Results: A 44-year-old woman with pulsatile tinnitus, vertigo, headache, ear fullness and decreased hearing on the right had a pulsatile reddish mass behind the tympanic membrane and Brown sign. Weber test lateralized to the right with mild conductive hearing loss on pure tone audiometry. Contrast CT scan demonstrated a 5x6 mm well-defined enhancing mass in the meso- and hypotympanum. Internal auditory canal MRI showed an avidly enhancing 5x3x4 mm nodule within the right middle ear adjacent to the cochlear promontory and anterior to the lateral semicircular canal. Impression was glomus tympanicum, type 1. The mass was excised via transcanal approach with post-operative resolution of tinnitus, headache, vertigo and improvement of hearing. Final histopathology was consistent with glomus tumor.
Conclusion: Glomus tympanicum tumors are rare, benign middle ear paragangliomas that arise from Jacobson’s nerve, are slow-growing and locally destructive. CT scan and MRI may detect involvement of other structures. Surgical resection is the primary treatment modality. Type 1 glomus tympanicum tumors are small and limited to the promontory, and a less-invasive transcanal approach may be employed.
Keywords: glomus, tympanicum, paraganglioma, transcanal approach
Lateral Rhinotomy for a Large, Infected Haller Cell Causing Proptosis
Authors: Ghosh Debangshu , Baruah Dilip Kumar , Goswmi Subodh Chandra , Basu Sumit  Kumar 
Published: April 2019

Objective: To report a case of a large sinus Haller cell that presented with chronic rhinosinusitis and proptosis and its surgical management.
Method:
Design: Case Report
Setting: Tertiary Government Hospital
Participants: One (1)
Results: A 34-year-old lady with proptosis and secondary sinusitis due to a giant infected Haller cell was successfully treated by lateral rhinotomy approach and clearance of all diseased mucosa therein into the nasal cavity.
Conclusion: Approach to diseased sinonasal structures via lateral rhinotomy is an alternative to endoscopic sinus surgery in the presence of an unusually large Haller cell.
Keywords: Haller cell. proptosis. maxillary sinusitis. lateral rhinotomy.
Otorhinolaryngologic Manifestations of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Manila, the Philippines
Authors: Arriola Anna Carlissa P. , Chua Antonio H. , Tactacan-Abrenica Rosario Jessica F. 
Published: April 2019

Objective: To determine the prevalence of otorhinolaryngologic (ENT) manifestations in people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection seen in our institutions, and to determine the association of these manifestations with age, sex, CD4 count and antiretroviral treatment.
Methods:
Study Design: Cross-Sectional Study
Setting: Two Tertiary Government Hospitals
Subjects: Adult patients (>19 years old) confirmed to be HIV- infected were seen at Jose R. Reyes Memorial Medical Center and San Lazaro Hospital from February to July 2014. A data sheet regarding ENT manifestations was filled upon examination. Age, sex, CD4 count and antiretroviral treatment data were recorded. Independent samples t-test was used to determine age association with manifestations. Fischer’s exact test was used to determine association of sex and manifestations. Chi-square test of independence was used to determine association of CD4 count and antiretroviral treatment with manifestations. Association was considered statistically significant if p< 0.05.
Results: Three hundred one patients participated with 287 males (95.3%) and 14 females (4.7%). The mean age was 31.7 ± 8. One hundred ninety seven (65.4%) had ENT manifestations. The most common areas of manifestations came from the oral cavity-oropharyngeal area (n=104, 37%), nasal cavity-nasopharyngeal area (n=73, 26%) and ear (n=43, 15%). The most frequent manifestations were cervical lymphadenopathy, aphthous stomatitis and acute rhinitis. There was no significant difference in the age (p=0.31) and sex (p=0.15) of patients with and without manifestations. However, there was a direct association of manifestations with low CD4 count (p<0.001) and inverse association with antiretroviral treatment (p=0.036).
Conclusion: Our findings emphasize the importance of screening for ENT manifestations, regular CD4 monitoring and enrollment to antiretroviral therapy in persons with HIV. Baseline otorhinolaryngologic examination upon HIV diagnosis and prior to initiating treatment should be followed by regular surveillance. Conversely, physicians should also be aware that patients with ENT manifestation may have HIV infection.
Keywords: HIV, Otorhinolaryngologic diseases, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Anti-Retroviral Agents, Stomatitis, Rhinitis
Sinonasal Ameloblastic Carcinoma in a 50-Year-Old Filipino Female
Authors: Del Mundo Daryl Anne A. 
Published: April 2019

Objective: To report the possible malignant transformation of primary sinonasal ameloblastoma into sinonasal ameloblastic carcinoma.
Methods:
Design: Case Report
Setting: Tertiary Public University Hospital
Patient: One (1)
Result: A 50-year-old woman with a previous diagnosis of sinonasal ameloblastoma reported recurrence of symptoms of right-sided nasal obstruction and epistaxis two years after endoscopic sinus surgery. Clinical examination, CT scans, and subsequent total maxillectomy with orbital exenteration revealed a left intranasal mass with maxillary, ethmoid, and orbital floor extension and pulmonary and hepatic metastases. Histopathologic findings of palisading columnar epithelium with reverse polarity with malignant features were consistent with ameloblastic carcinoma. Despite subsequent cycles of chemotherapy, the patient died two years after surgery. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no published reports of a primary sinonasal ameloblastoma with malignant transformation in the English literature.
Conclusion: Ameloblastic carcinoma is a rare neoplasm which may arise de novo or from malignant transformation of an ameloblastoma. Because ameloblastoma is commonly encountered in our setting, clinicians should be aware of this possibility and closely follow their patients accordingly.
Keywords: sinonasal, maxillary, ameloblastic carcinoma, malignant transformation
The Effectiveness of Intravenous Tranexamic Acid on Blood Loss and Surgical Time During Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ligon Jona Minette E. , Almazan Natividad A. 
Published: April 2019

Objective: To review the effectiveness of intravenous tranexamic acid in reduction of blood loss, surgical time and field visualization among patients who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).
Methods:
Data Sources: MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, ScienceDirect, HERDIN, and the Cochrane Library.
Eligibility Criteria: Randomized controlled trials (RCT) between 2005-2014 that evaluated the effects of tranexamic acid or placebo in patients undergoing ESS for CRS.
Appraisal and Synthesis Methods: Articles were selected by 2 independent reviewers and methodological quality was blindly evaluated using a Jadad scale. Data were compiled in tables for analysis of outcome measures (estimated blood loss, length of surgery and intraoperative surgical field visualization).
Results: Two trials were included in the study, enrolling 128 patients. One arm of the study had been given tranexamic acid while the other arm was given placebo (saline solution). Results varied for both studies. The summary of the observed difference for blood loss had a standardized mean difference of -51.20 (CI95 [-59.44, -42.95]) showing that the blood loss in milliliters was less in the tranexamic group compared to saline solution. The summary of the observed difference in surgical time had a standardized mean difference of -19.32 (CI95 [-24.21, -14.43]) showing that the surgical time in minutes was shorter in the tranexamic group compared to saline solution. The secondary outcome on surgical field visualization was not pooled together because the studies used different measurement scales.
Limitations: The most important weaknesses of the 2 included studies were the differences in dose of tranexamic acid, scales of measurement of field visibility and age groups of the patients.
Conclusion: Tranexamic acid reduced blood loss and shortened surgical time after ESS among patients with CRS. However, the additional benefit of tranexamic acid for better field visualization was not clear. Adverse effects were not considered in this study, however results support the use of intravenous tranexamic acid intraoperatively as an option for ESS with blood loss as a concern. Further randomized clinical trials and an update on the systematic review will strengthen the evidence on the effectivity of tranexamic acid for ESS.
Keywords: tranexamic acid, endoscopic sinus surgery, bleeding time
Accuracy of Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy in Diagnosing Parotid Gland Malignancy
Authors: Santiago Kathleen Joy B. , Roldan Rodante A. , Castañeda Samantha S. 
Published: April 2019

Objective: To determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and overall accuracy of FNAB in detecting parotid malignancies in our institution.
Methods:
Design: Retrospective Chart Review
Setting: Tertiary Government Hospital
Participants: Postoperative records of seventy six (76) patients with tumors of the parotid gland preoperatively diagnosed by FNAB.
Results: The sensitivity of FNAB was 46%. The specificity and positive predictive value were both 100% and negative predictive value was 90%. Overall accuracy in diagnosing malignant parotid tumor was 91%.
Conclusion: FNAB in this institution is a poor predictor of malignancy, having a sensitivity rate of only 46%. While this may serve as a basis for not recommending pre-operative FNAB for patients with parotid tumors in the interim, other factors should also be considered, including concerns with the actual performance and interpretion of FNAB in our institution.
Keywords: Parotid neoplasm, Cancer of the parotid, fine needle aspiration biopsy, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy
Oral Propranolol Therapy for Benign Capillary Hemangiomas in a Series of Adult and Pediatric Patients
Authors: Dimaguila Gerardo Aniano C. , Samson Emmanuel S. 
Published: April 2019

Objective: To describe outcomes of oral propranolol therapy in a series of adult and pediatric patients diagnosed with benign capillary hemangioma of the head and neck.
Methods:
Design: Prospective Case Series
Setting: Tertiary Government Hospital
Participants: Ten (10) patients representing all patients clinically diagnosed with benign capillary hemangioma of the head and neck, enrolled in the study from 2012 to 2015.
Results: Two (2) adults and eight (8) children were enrolled in the study. Although a decrease in lesion size was observed in half of the participants starting at three months, only one (1) attained complete resolution of the lesion-- a 12-year-old girl with hemangioma of the right parotid gland that attained clinical resolution of symptoms after four months of treatment. The remaining nine out of ten (9/10) participants did not attain complete clinical resolution; but there was a decrease in lesion size in four (4) of these participants. For the remaining five (5) participants, there was neither a decrease nor an increase in lesion size. Altogether, of the two adult participants, only one responded to therapy, while only 4 out of 8 pediatric participants responded to therapy. There were no noticeable differences between adult and pediatric patients in terms of resolution and plateau. Aside from mild bradycardia expected with propranolol, no adverse reactions were observed during the course of treatment.
Conclusion: Although half of our participants responded to oral propranolol therapy, whether these observations may be attributable to oral propranolol alone cannot be concluded.
Keywords: hemangioma, capillary; hemangioma; propranolol administration, oral; propranolol
Basal Cell Carcinoma, Odontogenic Cysts, Brain and Skeletal Abnormalities (Gorlin Goltz) Syndrome in a 46-Year-Old Woman
Authors: Magbuhat Diane Clarice D. , Matsuo Jeannette Marie S. , De la Cruz Rhodieleen Anne R. 
Published: April 2019

Objective: To present the case of a 46-year-old woman with basal cell carcinoma, odontogenic cysts, brain anomalies and skeletal abnormalities.
Method:
Design: Case Report
Setting: Tertiary National University Hospital
Patient: One
Results: A 46-year-old woman consulted for a non-healing, necrotic left orbital ulcer that started as a skin-colored, papilla-like lesion on the upper eyelid. There were also hyperpigmented lesions with ill-defined borders over both paranasal areas. Tissue biopsies revealed basal cell carcinoma. Radiologic imaging showed cystic lesions in the mandible, straightening of cervical vertebrae and calcifications of the falx cerebri, tentorium cerebelli, pineal gland and choroid plexus. Based on established major and minor clinical and radiologic criteria, we arrived at a diagnosis of Gorlin Goltz Syndrome or Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome (NBCCS). She underwent wide excision of the left orbital mass with exenteration, excision of left and right paranasal masses, left total parotidectomy with facial nerve preservation, enucleation of mandibular cyst, and cervicofacial reconstruction with skin grafts of the left orbital area and ala.
Conclusion: NBCCS is a rare autosomal dominant disorder with a high tendency for neoplasms and developmental anomalies. Diagnosis can easily be missed if the physician is unaware of its classic but bizarre presentation. Early recognition and prompt specialist referral is very important in order to prevent complications and provide better prognosis. Patients should be reminded of the importance of follow-up as other presentations of the syndrome may manifest later in life, and family genetic screening and counseling should be undertaken.
Keywords: Gorlin Goltz Syndrome; Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome; odontogenic keratocyst
Unilateral Tonsillar Hypertrophy in a 4-Year-Old Girl with Focal Dermal Hypoplasia (Goltz Syndrome)
Authors: Ong John Emmanuel L. , Cruz Emmanuel Tadeus S. , Barrientos Clydine Maria Antonette G. 
Published: April 2019

Objective: To report a case of unilateral tonsillar hypertrophy resulting in severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea in a 4-year-old girl with focal dermal hypoplasia (FDH, Goltz or Goltz-Gorlin) Syndrome.
Methods:
Design: Case Report
Setting: Tertiary Teaching Hospital
Subject: One
Results: A 4-year-old girl with Goltz Syndrome (classical features of cutaneous and osteopathic disorders since birth) and unilateral tonsillar hypertrophy manifested with snoring and apneic episodes at two years of age. Polysomnography revealed severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea, and Arterial Blood Gases revealed metabolic acidosis with hypoxemia. A tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy improved breathing, appetite and sleep with resolution of snoring and apneic spells and final tonsil histopathology revealed lymphoepithelial polyp.
Conclusion: A 4-year-old child with Goltz syndrome, who developed severe obstructive sleep apnea due to tonsillar hypertrophy was presented. Otolaryngologists should be aware of this syndrome, which may manifest with oral and mucosal lesions. Although rare, Goltz syndrome may be considered in the differential diagnosis of tonsillar hypertrophy especially in the presence of the inherent clinical features. Physicians should educate patients and address the co-morbidities associated with it through individualized treatment.

Keywords: Focal Dermal Hypoplasia, Unilateral Tonsillar Hypertrophy, Goltz Syndrome, Goltz-Gorlin Syndrome