bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What Has Nonviolence Got To Do With The EU?
Authors: Baldoli Roberto , Radaelli Claudio M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNonviolence has an established tradition in several disciplines, including political theory, international relations and political science. But its potential for the European Union (EU) has not been appraised yet. Thus, we set out to explore nonviolence as an analytical and normative framework for the study of the EU. At the outset, we introduce nonviolence and define our approach to this concept. We then apply our analytical and normative framework to three critical issues concerning the nature of EU power, the democratic deficit and the narrative of integration. We find that nonviolence re‐defines the core dimensions of power and democracy, and imagines the EU in non‐state‐morphic ways, situating praxis at the roots of the integration process and its narrative.
Fluid platelet‐rich fibrin stimulates greater dermal skin fibroblast cell migration, proliferation, and collagen synthesis when compared to platelet‐rich plasma
Authors: Wang Xuzhu , Yang Yang , Zhang Yufeng , Miron Richard J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundRegenerative therapies in the field of facial aesthetics have become a growing field of interest with many recent advancements made over the past decade to meet the growing worldwide demand. While first versions of platelet‐derived concentrates were formulated with anticoagulants (PRP), recent modifications to centrifugation speeds and times have permitted the development of a liquid platelet‐rich fibrin (fluid‐PRF) without use of anticoagulants.ObjectiveTo compare this entirely natural platelet concentrate (fluid‐PRF) to formally utilized PRP on skin cell behavior and regeneration.MethodsDermal skin fibroblast was cultivated with either fluid‐PRF or PRP and investigated for their ability to promote/influence cell viability, migration, spreading, proliferation, and mRNA levels of known mediators of dermal biology including PDGF, TGF‐beta, and fibronectin.ResultsAll platelet concentrates were nontoxic to cells demonstrating high cell survival. Skin fibroblasts migrated over 350% more in fluid‐PRF when compared to control and PRP (200% increase). Fluid‐PRF also significantly induced greater cell proliferation at 5 days. While both PRP and fluid‐PRF induced significantly elevated cell mRNA levels of PDGF, it was observed that TGF‐beta, collagen 1, and fibronectin mRNA levels were all significantly highest in the fluid‐PRF group. Lastly, fluid‐PRF demonstrated a significantly greater ability to induce collagen matrix synthesis when compared to PRP.ConclusionThe findings from the present study demonstrate greater regenerative potential of fluid‐PRF on human skin fibroblasts. Future clinical use of fluid‐PRF in the field of facial aesthetics is necessary to further evaluate the potential advantages of anticoagulant removal from platelet concentrates.
Chlorogenic acid inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in A498 human kidney cancer cells via inactivating PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway
Authors: Wang Xiaokang , Liu Jianghong , Xie Zhanxiong , Rao Jiaoyu , Xu Gengrui , Huang Kaiyuan , Li Wenyan , Yin Zijun 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Kidney cancer is a highly lethal cancer, of which the most common type is renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The targeted drugs used in treating RCC clinically have a lot of side effects. Therefore, it is urgent to find out effective agents with little toxic effects.

Methods
The antiproliferation effect of chlorogenic acid (CA) was performed using the CCK-8 assay. Then, we adopted colony formation assay, Annexin V/PI staining assay and JC-1 mitochondrial membrane potential assay to explore the mechanism of anticancer effect of CA. We also conducted qPCR and Western blot to determine the pathway involved.

Key findings
We identified that CA selectively suppressed proliferation of human RCC cell line A498 but not the human embryonic kidney cell HEK293. Mechanistic studies showed that CA significantly induced apoptosis, as indicated by activation of caspase protein and increased ratio of pro-apoptotic protein Bax to anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 (P &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, we found that PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway is involved in the inhibitory effect of CA on A498 cells. Activation of this pathway increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis of A498 cells, exhibiting antagonism function against CA.

Conclusion
Our research firstly reports the efficacy of CA against RCC cells and elucidates the underlying molecular mechanisms. These findings indicate that CA is a potential agent for treating RCC.
Evaluation of a sensitive cardiac troponin I assay as a screening test for the diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in cats
Authors: Hertzsch S. , Roos A. , Wess G. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundHypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common cardiac disease in cats. However, most cats are not diagnosed until they develop congestive heart failure, arterial thromboembolism (ATE), or sudden cardiac death. Thus, an affordable screening test for early detection of HCM is desirable.Hypothesis/ObjectivesEvaluation of a sensitive cardiac troponin I (cTnI) assay as a screening test for HCM in cats and determination of a cutoff for its early detection.AnimalsOne hundred sixty‐six client‐owned cats (male, n = 97) of various breeds were evaluated and classified using echocardiography as being healthy (n = 87), equivocal (n = 15), or having HCM (mild, n = 16; moderate, n = 10; severe, n = 34) or ATE (n = 4).MethodsAll cats were prospectively evaluated by echocardiography, and serum cTnI concentration was determined using the currently most sensitive assay (Siemens ADVIA Centaur TnI‐Ultra).ResultsThe median cTnI concentration was significantly different between study groups (P < .000001). A cutoff of 0.06 ng/mL provided good discrimination between healthy cats and cats with HCM (sensitivity, 91.7%; specificity, 95.4%; area under the curve [AUC], 0.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.899‐0.978). Even for asymptomatic cats with HCM, sensitivity and specificity for a cutoff of >0.06 ng/mL remained high at 87.8% and 95.4%, respectively (AUC, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.864‐0.964).Conclusions and clinical importanceCardiac troponin I can be used as a sensitive and specific screening test for the diagnosis of HCM in otherwise healthy cats (cutoff, >0.06 ng/mL). However, echocardiography is needed to confirm the diagnosis.
On the formation of diaplectic glass: Shock and thermal experiments with plagioclase of different chemical compositions
Authors: Fritz Jörg , Assis Fernandes Vera , Greshake Ansgar , Holzwarth Andreas , Böttger Ute 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis contribution addresses the role of chemical composition, pressure, temperature, and time during the shock transformation of plagioclase into diaplectic glass—i.e., maskelynite. Plagioclase of An50‐57 and An94 was recovered as almost fully isotropic maskelynite from room temperature shock experiments at 28 and 24 GPa. The refractive index (RI) decreased to values of a quenched mineral glass for An50‐57 plagioclase shocked to 45 GPa and shows a maximum in An94 plagioclase shocked to 41.5 GPa. The An94 plagioclase experiments can serve as shock thermobarometer for lunar highland rocks and howardite, eucrite, and diogenite meteorites. Shock experiments at 28, 32, 36, and 45 GPa and initial temperatures of 77 and 293 K on plagioclase (An50‐57) produced materials with identical optical and Raman spectroscopic properties. In the low temperature (<540 K) region, the formation of maskelynite is entirely controlled by shock pressure. The RI of maskelynite decreased in heating experiments of 5 min at temperatures of >770 K, thus, providing a conservative upper limit for the postshock temperature history of the rock. Although shock recovery experiments and static pressure experiments differ by nine orders of magnitude in typical time scale (microseconds versus hours), the amorphization of plagioclase occurs at similar pressure and temperature conditions with both methods. The experimental shock calibration of plagioclase can, together with other minerals, be used as shock thermobarometer for naturally shocked rocks.
Association between anthropometric‐based and food‐based nutritional failure among children in India, 2015
Authors: Joe William , Rajpal Sunil , Kim Rockli , Laxmaiah Avula , Harikumar Rachakulla , Arlappa Nimmathota , Meshram Indrapal , Balakrishna Nagalla , Radhika Madhari , Swaminathan Soumya , Subramanian S.V. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractInadequate dietary intake is a critical underlying determinant of child undernutrition. This study examined the association between anthropometric‐based and food‐based nutritional failure among children in India. We used the 2015–2016 National Nutrition Monitoring Bureau data where anthropometric outcomes and food intake were both measured for each child. We followed the World Health Organization child growth reference standards to define anthropometric failures (i.e., height‐for‐age z score < −2 SD for stunting, weight‐for‐age z score < −2 SD for underweight, and weight‐for‐height z score < −2 SD for wasting), and the Indian Council of Medical Research recommended dietary allowance (RDA) to define adequacy in intake of calorie, protein, and fat. We used descriptive and regression‐based assessments to test the association between the two indicators of nutritional failure and also computed the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The prevalence of stunting, underweight, and wasting was 28.6%, 24.3%, and 12.8%, respectively, whereas 78.2%, 27.4%, and 50.8% of the children had below RDA norms consumption of calorie, protein, and fat, respectively. We found weak‐to‐null correlation between anthropometric failures and food failures (Pearson correlation ranging from −0.013 to 0.147) and poor discriminatory accuracy (AUC < 0.62), suggesting that in the Indian context, anthropometric failures are not directly associated with food intake. This finding highlights the need for improving adequate intake of macronutrients and draws attention toward adopting a multifactorial approach to improve child nutrition in India. Poor food intake itself merits exclusive policy focus as it is an important nutrition and health concern.
Rice acclimation to soil flooding: Low concentrations of organic acids can trigger a barrier to radial oxygen loss in roots
Authors: Colmer Timothy David , Kotula Lukasz , Malik Al Imran , Takahashi Hirokazu , Konnerup Dennis , Nakazono Mikio , Pedersen Ole 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWaterlogged soils contain monocarboxylic acids produced by anaerobic microorganisms. These “organic acids” can accumulate to phytotoxic levels and promote development of a barrier to radial O2 loss (ROL) in roots of some wetland species. Environmental cues triggering root ROL barrier induction, a feature that together with tissue gas‐filled porosity facilitates internal aeration, are important to elucidate for knowledge of plant stress physiology. We tested the hypothesis that comparatively low, non‐toxic, concentrations of acetic, propionic, butyric, and/or hexanoic acids might induce root ROL barrier formation in rice. Each organic acid, individually, triggered the ROL barrier in roots but with no effect (acetic or butyric acids) or with only slight effects (propionic or hexanoic acids) on root extension. Transcripts of four genes related to suberin biosynthesis were increased by some of the organic acid treatments. Respiration in root tissues was not, or moderately, inhibited. Beyond a narrow concentration range, however, respiration declined exponentially and the order (least to greatest) for EC50 (effective concentration for 50% inhibition) was butyric, propionic, acetic, then hexanoic acid. An understanding of the environmental cue for root ROL barrier induction should enhance future work to elucidate the molecular regulation of this root trait contributing to plant flooding tolerance.
Oral rehabilitation of a case with regional odontodysplasia using a regenerative approach—A case report and a review of literature
Authors: Abdel‐Kader Mohamed Ahmed , Abdelazeem Ahmad Farouk , Ahmed Nermeen El‐moataz Bellah , Khalil Yasmin Mohamed , Mostafa Mostafa Ibrahim 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimto investigate for the first time whether the regenerative approach can be used to rehabilitate a case with regional odontodysplasia (ROD). ROD is a rare, localized developmental anomaly of the dental tissues. Moreover, we review the various treatment protocols for ROD and compare them to the suggested regenerative protocol.Case ReportA 22‐year‐old female patient diagnosed with ROD in the upper left quadrant was presented to our clinic. Initially, the affected teeth were extracted and three implants were inserted. A combination of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) seeded on a collagen sponge, nanohydroxyapatite, and autologous platelet‐rich fibrin (PRF) was used to enhance bone regeneration in the defective area and around the inserted implants. After 9 months, bone regeneration and successful osteointegration around the inserted implants were achieved, permitting the insertion of a fourth implant. After an additional six months, a final fixed restoration was constructed.ConclusionThe suggested regenerative approach provides a better treatment option for ROD patients to regenerate the lost bone, rehabilitate aesthetics, and restore normal function.
“Is There Anybody Out There?”: Communication of Natural Hazard Warnings at Home and Away
Authors: Wehde Wesley , Pudlo Jason M. , Robinson Scott E. 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveThis article examines various determinants of communication behaviors related to natural hazards and how those determinants vary for those at home or those away from home. We use the context of a series of storms that provoked communication to determine differences across media platforms, location during the event, sending versus receiving communication, and certain demographic characteristics.MethodsWe use a survey of Oklahoma residents fielded in the Spring of 2016 following a series of storms to examine self‐reported communication behaviors.ResultsOur findings suggest that individuals are more likely to communicate when away from home, across all media for both sending and receiving behaviors. We find that warning reception methods differ importantly across location; those at home rely on authority‐to‐citizen communication, while others rely on citizen‐to‐citizen communication. Demographics and socioeconomic status also influence communication patterns.ConclusionConcerned individuals and emergency managers should use a diverse set of media to communicate, especially under increased risk or hazard, to reach relevant populations across demographics and place‐based locations. These strategies must be sensitive to time of day and the availability of media platforms to affected residents.
EFFECT OF HIGH-PRESSURE PROCESSING (HPP) ON ANTIOXIDANT, DIASTASE ACTIVITY AND COLOUR FOR KELULUT (STINGLESS BEE) HONEY
Authors: Razali Muhammad Faiz , Mohd Fauzi Noor Akhmazillah , Sulaiman Alifdalino , A Rahman Nur Atikah 
Published: April 2019

The quality of Kelulut honey is heavily affected by conventional thermal processing due to the existence of thermolabile compounds. Hence, high-pressure processing (HPP) was employed as an alternative method to minimize any quality deterioration during processing. HPP was carried out at two different pressures (200 and 600 MPa) with two holding times (5 and 10 minutes) respectively. Thermal processing was also carried out (60 and 90 °C for 10 and 30 minutes) for comparison. After treatment, the changes in antioxidant activity, diastase activity and colour were determined. Increment of antioxidant activity by 3 % was recorded by HPP-treated (600 MPa/10 minutes) compared to thermally-treated. Diastase activity which was used as freshness indicator showed non-significant changes (p>0.05), whereas colour evaluated based on total colour different (TCD) and browning index (BI) showed decrement after HPP. Fortunately, the TCD recorded for HPP was below the range noticeable by human eyes, ranging from 1.5 to 3.0. In conclusion, HPP is better than conventional thermal processing in producing minimally-processed Kelulut honey as evident by the retention of diastase activity, antioxidant activity with increment at 600 MPa/ 10 minutes, and unnoticeable changes in colour. This hence has an implication on post-harvest processing of Kelulut honey.
High resolution linkage of channel-coastal plain and shallow marine facies belts, Desert Member to Lower Castlegate Sandstone stratigraphic interval, Book Cliffs, Utah-Colorado, USA
Authors: Pattison Simon A.J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe Campanian Desert Member and Lower Castlegate Sandstone in the Book Cliffs of east-central Utah to western Colorado, USA, has served as a foundational data set in the development of sequence stratigraphy. Contrary to previous work, no third-order sequence boundaries are recognized. These were originally thought to partition the neighboring coastal plain and shallow marine facies belts into separate systems tracts, unlinked in time or space. In contrast, adjoining channel-coastal plain and shallow marine facies belts are genetically-, temporally-, and spatially-related. Evidence includes the (i) synchronous, strongly progradational stacking patterns within each facies belt, (ii) gradational and conformable transitions between adjoining facies belts, accentuated by the ubiquity of flat-topped, rooted foreshore sandstones passing upwards into carbonaceous-rich-mudstone-dominated coastal plain, (iii) parasequence-scale interfingering of coastal plain-channel and foreshore-shoreface deposits, with channels, white caps and coals embedded within stacked shoreface parasequences, (iv) regional correlation of coals and flooding surfaces, and (v) near orthogonal paleocurrent relationship between channels and shorelines. Terminal channels incise into proximal foreshore-shoreface sandstones in most Desert-Castlegate parasequences. Incisions are generally confined to the parasequence in which the channels are nested, rarely cutting deeper. These shoreface-incised channels are cut and filled at a parasequence-scale, and are bounded above by the same flooding surface that caps each foreshore-shoreface package. The ubiquity of ascending regressive shoreface trajectories and near absence of descending regressive trajectories that intersect depositional slope argues against any significant sea level fall. Increased rates of sediment supply, driven by autogenic and/or allogenic processes, likely generated the strongly progradational Desert-Castlegate great tongue of sandstone.
U-Pb monazite ages of the Kabanga mafic-ultramafic intrusions and contact aureoles, central Africa: Geochronological and tectonic implications
Authors: Zi Jian-Wei , Rasmussen Birger , Muhling Janet R. , Maier Wolfgang D. , Fletcher Ian R. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMafic-ultramafic rocks of the Kabanga-Musongati alignment in the East African nickel belt occur as Bushveld-type layered intrusions emplaced in metasedimentary sequences. The age of the mafic-ultramafic intrusions remains poorly constrained, though they are regarded to be part of ca. 1375 Ma bimodal magmatism dominated by voluminous S-type granites. In this study, we investigated igneous monazite and zircon from a differentiated layered intrusion and metamorphic monazite from the contact aureole. The monazite shows contrasting crystal morphology, chemical composition, and U-Pb ages. Monazite that formed by contact metamorphism in response to emplacement of mafic-ultramafic melts is characterized by extremely high Th and U and yielded a weighted mean 207Pb/206Pb age of 1402 ± 9 Ma, which is in agreement with dates from the igneous monazite and zircon. The ages indicate that the intrusion of ultramafic melts was substantially earlier (by ∼25 m.y., 95% confidence) than the prevailing S-type granites, calling for a reappraisal of the previously suggested model of coeval, bimodal magmatism. Monazite in the metapelitic rocks also records two younger growth events at ca. 1375 Ma and ca. 990 Ma, coeval with metamorphism during emplacement of S-type granites and tin-bearing granites, respectively. In conjunction with available geologic evidence, we propose that the Kabanga-Musongati mafic-ultramafic intrusions likely heralded a structurally controlled thermal anomaly related to Nuna breakup, which culminated during the ca. 1375 Ma Kibaran event, manifested as extensive intracrustal melting in the adjoining Karagwe-Ankole belt, producing voluminous S-type granites. The Grenvillian-aged (ca. 990 Ma) tin-bearing granite and related Sn mineralization appear to be the far-field record of tectonothermal events associated with collision along the Irumide belt during Rodinia assembly. Since monazite is a ubiquitous trace phase in pelitic sedimentary rocks, in contact aureoles of mafic-ultramafic intrusions, and in regional metamorphic belts, our study highlights the potential of using metamorphic monazite to determine ages of mafic-ultramafic intrusions, and to reconstruct postemplacement metamorphic history of the host terranes.
C-reactive protein and neutrophil count laboratory test requests from primary care: what is the demand and would substitution by point-of-care technology be viable?
Authors: Ordóñez-Mena José M , Fanshawe Thomas R , McCartney David , Shine Brian , Van den Bruel Ann , Lasserson Daniel , Hayward Gail 
Published: April 2019

Aims C-reactive protein (CRP) and neutrophil count (NC) are important diagnostic indicators of inflammation. Point-of-care (POC) technologies for these markers are available but rarely used in community settings in the UK. To inform the potential for POC tests, it is necessary to understand the demand for testing. We aimed to describe the frequency of CRP and NC test requests from primary care to central laboratory services, describe variability between practices and assess the relationship between the tests.MethodsWe described the number of patients with either or both laboratory tests, and the volume of testing per individual and per practice, in a retrospective cohort of all adults in general practices in Oxfordshire, 2014–2016.Results372 017 CRP and 776 581 NC tests in 160 883 and 275 093 patients, respectively, were requested from 69 practices. CRP was tested mainly in combination with NC, while the latter was more often tested alone. The median (IQR) of CRP and NC tests/person tested was 1 (1–2) and 2 (1–3), respectively. The median (IQR) tests/practice/week was 36 (22–52) and 72 (50–108), and per 1000 persons registered/practice/week was 4 (3–5) and 8 (7–9), respectively. The median (IQR) CRP and NC concentrations were 2.7 (0.9–7.9) mg/dL and 4.1 (3.1–5.5)×109/L, respectively.ConclusionsThe high demand for CRP and NC testing in the community, and the range of results falling within the reportable range for current POC technologies highlight the opportunity for laboratory testing to be supplemented by POC testing in general practice.