bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Range-relaxed criteria for choosing the Lagrange multipliers in nonstationary iterated Tikhonov method
Authors: Boiger R , Leitão A , Svaiter B F 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
In this article we propose a novel nonstationary iterated Tikhonov (NIT)-type method for obtaining stable approximate solutions to ill-posed operator equations modeled by linear operators acting between Hilbert spaces. Geometrical properties of the problem are used to derive a new strategy for choosing the sequence of regularization parameters (Lagrange multipliers) for the NIT iteration. Convergence analysis for this new method is provided. Numerical experiments are presented for two distinct applications: (I) a two-dimensional elliptic parameter identification problem (inverse potential problem); and (II) an image-deblurring problem. The results obtained validate the efficiency of our method compared with standard implementations of the NIT method (where a geometrical choice is typically used for the sequence of Lagrange multipliers).
Individual and household influences on food security and dietary diversity in seven Dominican batey communities
Authors: McWade Conor M , Chen Sheau-Chiann , Ye Fei , Heimburger Douglas C , Moon Troy D , Suiter Sarah V 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Background
To identify individual and household characteristics associated with food security and dietary diversity in seven Haitian–Dominican bateyes.

Methods
A cross-sectional sample of 667 households were surveyed. Novel household food security scores were calculated from components of the Household Food Insecurity Assessment Scale, while the Food and Agricultural Organization’s Household Dietary Diversity Score was utilized to calculate individual dietary diversity scores. Multivariable analyses were performed using ordinal logistic regression models to estimate the association between these scores and the covariate variables. Secondary dietary diversity analyses were performed after removing non-nutritious food groups.

Results
Food security was significantly associated with being above the poverty line (OR 3.14, 95% CI 1.92 to 5.14), living in a rural batey (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.03), receiving gifts and/or donations (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.03 to 3.00) and having a salaried job (i.e., not being paid hourly; OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.64). Dietary diversity was significantly associated with living in a semi-urban batey (OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.26 to 2.30), living with a partner (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.08 to 2.00), growing at least some of one’s own food (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.17 to 2.23), and receiving gifts and/or donations (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.08 to 2.73).

Conclusions
Food insecurity and low dietary diversity are highly prevalent in Haitian–Dominican bateyes. The inclusion of sweets and non-milk beverages in dietary diversity calculations appear to skew scores towards higher levels of diversity, despite limited nutritional gains.
China’s diplomatic strategies in response to economic disputes in Myanmar
Authors: Chan Debby Sze Wan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHow do societal actors in the host country matter to Beijing’s diplomatic strategies? In the course of political transition in Myanmar, the Myitsone Dam was suspended in 2011, and the China–Myanmar High-Speed Railway was reportedly halted in 2014. Since then, Beijing is said to have adopted public diplomacy in response to these economic setbacks. However, this article finds variations in Beijing’s approaches; Beijing actively engaged with the dam challengers, but not the railway opponents, who offered less of a challenge. Moreover, Beijing tolerated the project’s suspension in the dam case, but ramped up pressure in the railway case by increasing Naypyitaw’s costs of defection. Beijing’s inconsistent diplomatic approaches are attributed to different levels of social opposition observed in the anti-Chinese project movements. As such, Beijing has the propensity to bypass societal actors and pressure Naypyitaw for project continuation if it perceives that social opposition is not a major obstacle in bilateral economic cooperation.
Expert-level sleep scoring with deep neural networks
Authors: Biswal Siddharth , Sun Haoqi , Goparaju Balaji , Westover M Brandon , Sun Jimeng , Bianchi Matt T 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Objectives
Scoring laboratory polysomnography (PSG) data remains a manual task of visually annotating 3 primary categories: sleep stages, sleep disordered breathing, and limb movements. Attempts to automate this process have been hampered by the complexity of PSG signals and physiological heterogeneity between patients. Deep neural networks, which have recently achieved expert-level performance for other complex medical tasks, are ideally suited to PSG scoring, given sufficient training data.

Methods
We used a combination of deep recurrent and convolutional neural networks (RCNN) for supervised learning of clinical labels designating sleep stages, sleep apnea events, and limb movements. The data for testing and training were derived from 10 000 clinical PSGs and 5804 research PSGs.

Results
When trained on the clinical dataset, the RCNN reproduces PSG diagnostic scoring for sleep staging, sleep apnea, and limb movements with accuracies of 87.6%, 88.2% and 84.7% on held-out test data, a level of performance comparable to human experts. The RCNN model performs equally well when tested on the independent research PSG database. Only small reductions in accuracy were noted when training on limited channels to mimic at-home monitoring devices: frontal leads only for sleep staging, and thoracic belt signals only for the apnea-hypopnea index.

Conclusions
By creating accurate deep learning models for sleep scoring, our work opens the path toward broader and more timely access to sleep diagnostics. Accurate scoring automation can improve the utility and efficiency of in-lab and at-home approaches to sleep diagnostics, potentially extending the reach of sleep expertise beyond specialty clinics.
Behavioral Dishonesty in the Public Sector
Authors: Olsen Asmus Leth , Hjorth Frederik , Harmon Nikolaj , Barfort Sebastian 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe investigate the usefulness of the dice game paradigm to public administration as a standardized way of measuring (dis)honesty among individuals, groups, and societies. Measures of dishonesty are key for the field’s progress in understanding individual, organizational, and societal differences in unethical behavior and corruption. We first describe the dice game paradigm and its advantages and then discuss a range of considerations for how to implement it. Next, we highlight the potential of the dice game paradigm across two diverse studies: prospective public employees in Denmark (n = 441) and prospective public employees in 10 different countries with very different levels of corruption (n = 1,091). In the first study, we show how individual-level behavioral dishonesty is very strongly negatively correlated with public service motivation. In the second study, we find that widely used country-level indicators of corruption are strongly correlated with the average behavioral dishonesty among prospective public employees. The results illustrate the importance of the validated dice game paradigm to shed light on core questions that link micro- and macro-level dynamics of dishonesty and corruption in the public sector.
Change in Bacterial Causes of Community-Acquired Parapneumonic Effusion and Pleural Empyema in Children 6 Years After 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Implementation
Authors: Madhi Fouad , Levy Corinne , Morin Laurence , Minodier Philippe , Dubos François , Zenkhri Ferielle , Dommergues Marie Aliette , Mezgueldi Ellia , Levieux Karine ,   Pneumonia Study Group, Aurel Marie , Launay Elise , Biscardi Sandra , Hees Laure , Craiu Irina , Gillet Yves , Guen Christele Gras-Le , Hau Isabelle , Lorrot Mathie , Martinot Alain , Angoulvant François , Béchet Stéphane , Varon Emmanuelle , Cohen Robert ,   GPIP (Pediatric Infectious Disease Group), Madhi Fouad , Levy Corinne , Morin Laurence , Minodier Philippe , Dubos François , Zenkhri Ferielle , Dommergues Marie Aliette , Mezgueldi Ellia , Levieux Karine , Varon Emmanuelle , Cohen Robert 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe describe here changes in the bacterial causes of pleural empyema before and after implementation of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) program in France (2009–2017). For 220 (39.3%) of 560 children, a bacterial cause was found. The frequency of pneumococcal infection decreased during the study from 79.1% in 2009 to 36.4% in 2017 (P < .001). Group A streptococcus is now the leading cause of documented empyema (45.5%).
The polarization mode of the auroral radio emission from the early-type star HD 142301
Authors: Leto P , Trigilio C , Oskinova L M , Ignace R , Buemi C S , Umana G , Cavallaro F , Ingallinera A , Bufano F , Phillips N M , Agliozzo C , Cerrigone L , Todt H , Riggi S , Leone F 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT
We report the detection of the auroral radio emission from the early-type magnetic star HD 142301. New VLA observations of HD 142301 detected highly polarized amplified emission occurring at fixed stellar orientations. The coherent emission mechanism responsible for the stellar auroral radio emission amplifies the radiation within a narrow beam, making the star where this phenomenon occurs similar to a radio lighthouse. The elementary emission process responsible for the auroral radiation mainly amplifies one of the two magneto-ionic modes of the electromagnetic wave. This explains why the auroral pulses are highly circularly polarized. The auroral radio emission of HD 142301 is characterized by a reversal of the sense of polarization as the star rotates. The effective magnetic field curve of HD 142301 is also available making it possible to correlate the transition from the left to the right-hand circular polarization sense (and vice versa) of the auroral pulses with the known orientation of the stellar magnetic field. The results presented in this letter have implications for the estimation of the dominant magneto-ionic mode amplified within the HD 142301 magnetosphere.
Care of Ebola Survivors and Factors Associated With Clinical Sequelae—Monrovia, Liberia
Authors: de St. Maurice A , Ervin E , Orone R , Choi M , Dokubo E K , Rollin P E , Nichol S T , Williams D , Brown J , Sacra R , Fankhauser J , Knust B 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe Eternal Love Winning Africa (ELWA) Clinic was the first clinic to provide free, comprehensive care to Ebola virus disease (EVD) survivors in Liberia. The objectives of this analysis were to describe the demographics and symptoms of EVD survivors at ELWA from January 2015 through March 2017 and to identify risk factors for development of sequelae.MethodsPatients’ demographic and clinical information was collected by chart review in June 2016 and March 2017. Associations with clinical sequelae were analyzed using the chi-square test, t test, and multivariate logistic regression.ResultsFrom January 2015 to March 2017, 329 EVD survivors were evaluated at ELWA. Most survivors experienced myalgia/arthralgia (73%; n = 239) and headache (53%; n = 173). The length of time from Ebola Treatment Unit (ETU) discharge to first clinic visit ranged from 0 to 30 months. Many visits (30%) occurred 24 or more months after ETU discharge. The proportion of visits for headache, weight loss, joint pain, visual problems, insomnia, fatigue, memory loss, decreased libido, depression, and uveitis decreased over time. More men than women had visits for depression; however, these differences were not significant. Symptom prevalence differed in adults and children; significantly more adults experienced myalgia/arthralgia (77% vs 44%), visual problems (41% vs 12%), post-EVD-related musculoskeletal pain (42% vs 15%), and insomnia (17% vs 2%).ConclusionsEVD survivors frequented ELWA for EVD-related symptoms many months after ETU discharge, indicating a long-term need for care. Reported symptoms changed over time, which may reflect eventual resolution of some sequelae.
Heuristics in Political Behavior
Authors: Steenbergen Marco R. , Colombo Céline 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Politics is a complex affair. Whether one is a legislator or a citizen, making political decisions is rarely easy. The question of how people deal with this complexity has been on the minds of scholars for decades, if not centuries. One important answer, which emerged in the 1970s, is that decision makers rely on heuristics to tame the intricacies of politics. Heuristics are (cognitive) shortcuts that allow decision makers to bypass a great deal of information while producing an output in the form of a judgment or choice. Often such outputs are indistinguishable from what a complete consideration of the decision-relevant information would have produced. At other times the outputs may not be optimal, but they are good enough. It can also happen, however, that heuristics introduce formidable biases and result in inferior decisions. This chapter reviews the literature on heuristics use by the mass public and political elites. It discusses the kinds of heuristics that are used, how they function, and why they are both inevitable and fallible. Finally, the chapter considers the normative implications of heuristics in political behavior.
Cultural Heritage, Information Science, and the Creative Process
Authors: Boutard Guillaume , Guastavino Catherine 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The creative process has recently garnered research attention in the field of information science. Multiple authors have proposed original research directions and methods relating to the creative process with the goals of preserving, curating, and disseminating cultural heritage. This body of research provides empirical grounds for the development of better tools for artistic practice and, at a theoretical level, brings another interdisciplinary perspective on the creative process. The field of information science investigates the creative process through the lens of different theoretical frameworks, stemming notably from psychology, sociology, and linguistics. Research areas include empirical studies on music information–seeking behavior, creative process modeling, digital humanities projects for repertoire analysis, performance documentation methodologies, preservation frameworks, and theoretical investigations of the relationship between creative processes and archival documents. Together, these studies provide new insights into the field of information science by re-examining established categories of inquiry, as well as methodologies and ontologies pertaining to the field. The relationship between cultural heritage, information science, and the creative process highlights the singularity of the creative process as an object of research and provides a new critical perspective on the domains within which it is being investigated.
Trading, Profits, and Volatility in a Dynamic Information Network Model
Authors: Walden Johan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe introduce a dynamic noisy rational expectations model in which information diffuses through a general network of agents. In equilibrium, agents who are more closely connected have more similar period-by-period trades, and an agent’s profitability is determined by a centrality measure that is related to Katz centrality. Volatility after an information shock is more persistent in less central networks, and volatility and trading volume are also influenced by the network’s asymmetry and irregularity. Using account-level data of all portfolio holdings and trades on the Helsinki Stock Exchange between 1997 and 2003, we find support for the aggregate predictions, altogether suggesting that the market’s network structure is important for these dynamics.
The Turnaround of the Swedish Economy: Lessons from Large Business Sector Reforms
Authors: Heyman Fredrik , Norbäck Pehr-Johan , Persson Lars 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHow can a country improve productivity growth in its business sector and reach its growth potential? Sweden during the 1970–2010 period can serve as an example to help other countries understand how to efficiently reform a business sector. In the 1990s, Sweden implemented a reform package that ignited a successful reorganization of a business sector that had faltered for decades. To understand the economic forces behind this process, the paper first surveys the industrial restructuring literature and then examine the reform package using Swedish matched plant-firm-worker data. The removal of barriers to growth for new and productive firms, as well as increased rewards for investment in human capital, were crucial to the success of Sweden's reforms. The paper also discusses how the reform experience of a developed country such as Sweden can be useful for developing countries that are in the process of transforming their business sectors. The findings suggest that policymakers have much to learn from country case studies and that the Swedish experience can be a valuable case study for developing countries that are attempting to promote growth by developing their business sectors.
Filament extensibility and shear stiffening control persistence of strain and loss of coherence in cross-linked motor-filament assemblies
Authors: Gopinath Arvind , Chelakkot Raghunath , Mahadevan L. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCross-linked flexible filaments deformed by active molecular motors occur in many natural and synthetic settings including eukaryotic flagella, the cytoskeleton and in vitro motor assays. In these systems, an important quantity that controls spatial coordination and emergent collective behavior is the length scale over which elastic strains persist. We estimate this quantity in the context of ordered composites comprised of cross-linked elastic filaments sheared by active motors. Combining a mean-field theory valid for negligibly noisy systems with discrete simulations for noisy systems, we show that the effect of localized strains – be they steady or oscillatory – persist over distances determined by motor kinetics, motor elasticity and filament extensibility. The cut-off length that emerges from these effects controls the transmission of mechanical information and determines the criterion for spatially separated motor groups to stay synchronized. Our results generalize the notion of persistence in passive, Brownian filaments to active, cross-linked filaments.
Notch signalling maintains Hedgehog responsiveness via a Gli-dependent mechanism during spinal cord patterning in zebrafish
Authors: Jacobs Craig T. , Huang Peng 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSpinal cord patterning is orchestrated by multiple cell signalling pathways. Neural progenitors are maintained by Notch signalling, whereas ventral neural fates are specified by Hedgehog (Hh) signalling. However, how dynamic interactions between Notch and Hh signalling drive the precise pattern formation is still unknown. We applied the PHRESH (PHotoconvertibleREporter ofSignallingHistory) technique to analyse cell signalling dynamicsin vivoduring zebrafish spinal cord development. This approach reveals that Notch and Hh signalling display similar spatiotemporal kinetics throughout spinal cord patterning. Notch signalling functions upstream to control Hh response of neural progenitor cells. Using gain- and loss-of-function tools, we demonstrate that this regulation occurs not at the level of upstream regulators or primary cilia, but rather at the level of Gli transcription factors. Our results indicate that Notch signalling maintains Hh responsiveness of neural progenitors via a Gli-dependent mechanism in the spinal cord.
Nuclear receptor HNF4A trans-represses CLOCK:BMAL1 and acts as a core component of tissue-specific circadian networks
Authors: Qu Meng , Duffy Tomas , Hirota Tsuyoshi , Kay Steve A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractEither expression level or transcriptional activity of various nuclear receptors (NRs) have been demonstrated to be under circadian control. With a few exceptions, little is known about the roles of NRs as direct regulators of the circadian circuitry. Here we show that the nuclear receptor HNF4A strongly trans-represses the transcriptional activity of the CLOCK:BMAL1 heterodimer. We define a central role for HNF4A in maintaining cell-autonomous circadian oscillations in a tissue-specific manner in liver and colon cells. Not only transcript level but also genome-wide chromosome binding of HNF4A is rhythmically regulated in the mouse liver. ChIP-seq analyses revealed co-occupancy of HNF4A and CLOCK:BMAL1 at a wide array of metabolic genes involved in lipid, glucose and amino acid homeostasis. Taken together, we establish that HNF4A defines a novel feedback loop in tissue-specific mammalian oscillators and demonstrate its recruitment in the circadian regulation of metabolic pathways.SignificanceInterlocked feedback loops promote robustness and stability in a system and are a feature of circadian clocks in both animal and plants. The mammalian circadian clock is known to consist of two transcriptional feedback loops, relying on the transcriptional activity of the master complex CLOCK:BMAL1 and the feedback regulation by its target genes. Our research extends this knowledge by establishing a novel feedback loop in peripheral circadian oscillators and highlights the underlying mechanisms mediated by the unappreciated CLOCK:BMAL1 trans-repression activity of the circadian nuclear receptor HNF4A.
Medicalisation, pharmaceuticalisation, or both? Exploring the medical management of sleeplessness as insomnia
Authors: Coveney Catherine , Williams Simon J. , Gabe Jonathan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this paper we examine the medical management of sleeplessness as ‘insomnia’, through the eyes of general practitioners (GPs) and sleep experts in Britain. Three key themes were evident in the data. These related to (i) institutional issues around advocacy and training in sleep medicine (ii) conceptual issues in the diagnosis of insomnia (iii) and how these played out in terms of treatment issues. As a result, the bulk of medical management occurred at the primary rather than secondary care level. These issues are then reflected on in terms of the light they shed on relations between the medicalisation and the pharmaceuticalisation of sleeplessness as insomnia. Sleeplessness, we suggest, is only partially and problematically medicalised as insomnia to date at the conceptual, institutional and interactional levels owing to the foregoing factors. Much of this moreover, on closer inspection, is arguably better captured through recourse to pharmaceuticalisation, including countervailing moves and downward regulatory pressures which suggest a possible degree of depharmaceuticalisation in future, at least as far prescription hypnotics are concerned. Pharmaceuticalisation therefore, we conclude, has distinct analytical value in directing our attention, in this particular case, to important dynamics occurring within if not beyond the medicalisation of sleeplessness as insomnia.