bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability of clinically relevant depression symptoms in old‐age across 11 cohorts: a multi‐state study
Authors: de la Torre‐Luque A. , de la Fuente J. , Sanchez‐Niubo A. , Caballero F. F. , Prina M. , Muniz‐Terrera G. , Haro J. M. , Ayuso‐Mateos J. L. 
Published: October 2019

AimsTo study the temporal dynamics of depression symptom episodes in old‐age and the related influence of risk factors.MethodsData from 41 362 old adults (54.61% women; mean age = 75.30, SD = 6.20) from the Ageing Trajectories of Health – Longitudinal Opportunities and Synergies (ATHLOS) project were used. Depressive symptoms were followed over an 18‐year period. A multi‐state model, comprising three statuses (no depression, new clinically relevant episode of symptoms and episode persistence), was fitted. Multinomial regression was used to study the role of risk factors in status transition.ResultsAlmost 85% of participants showed no depression, but prevalence became lower over time (B = −0.25, P < 0.001). New episode point prevalence was over 5.30% with a significant probability of moving to persistence status (transition probability = 0.27). Episode persistence became evident in 9.86% of episode status transitions, with increasing rate over time (B = 0.54, P < 0.01). Loneliness was proven to be the strongest predictor of episode emergence (OR = 17.76) and persistence (OR = 5.93).ConclusionsThe course of depression tends to become chronic and unremitting in old‐age. This study may help to plan interventions to tackle symptom escalation and risk factor influence.
Immunohistochemical distribution of glucagon‐like peptide 1 in the digestive system of different aquatic vertebrates
Authors: Chu Dechang , He Ying , Li Na , Zhang Haili , Zhang Hongmei , Li Chunhua , Deng Zhenxu , Chen Yan , Han Xue , Li Yangui , Wei Tao 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe distribution of glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1)‐positive cells in digestive tracts and pancreases of aquatic vertebrates was investigated by immunohistochemical staining method. The results suggested that GLP‐1‐positive cells were distributed in the columnar mucous epithelium and tubular glands of lamina propria in the digestive system. However, GLP‐1‐positive cells were also found in subepithelial lamina propria of the mucosae and muscularis in each segment of the digestive tract of Rana nigromaculata. The distribution densities of these cells reached peaks in the stomachs, and the middle or end segments of small intestines of Chinese softshell turtle, Bufo gargarizans, R. nigromaculata and catfish, and there was the third distribution density peak in the rectum of catfish. The total amount or overall density of GLP‐1‐positive cells varied a lot in the digestive tracts of different animal species. The distribution density was relatively low in the digestive tract of chub and reached the maximum in the digestive tracts of snakehead and catfish, but no GLP‐1‐positive cells were found in the digestive tract of bighead carp. GLP‐1‐positive cells were densely distributed in the pancreases of Chinese softshell turtle, B. gargarizans and R. nigromaculata. These cells spread over the superficial layers of islets or scattered in exocrine pancreas in the pancreas of B. gargarizans, spread in the endocrine cells or scattered in the pancreas of Chinese softshell turtle, scattered in the pancreas of R. nigromaculata and distributed in the superficial layers of islets in the pancreas of catfish.
Plastination—A scientific method for teaching and research
Authors: Sora Mircea‐Constantin , Latorre Rafael , Baptista Carlos , López-Albors Octavio 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOver the last four decades, plastination has been one of the best processes of preservation for organic tissue. In this process, water and lipids in biological tissues are replaced by polymers (silicone, epoxy, polyester) which are hardened, resulting in dry, odourless and durable specimens. Nowadays, after more than 40 years of its development, plastination is applied in more than 400 departments of anatomy, pathology, forensic sciences and biology all over the world. The most known polymers used in plastination are silicone (S10), epoxy (E12) and polyester (P40). The key element in plastination is the impregnation stage, and therefore depending on the polymer that is used, the optical quality of specimens differs. The S10 silicone technique is the most common technique used in plastination. Specimens can be used, especially in teaching, as they are easy to handle and display a realistic topography. Plastinated silicone specimens are used for displaying whole bodies, or body parts for exhibition. Transparent tissue sections, with a thickness between 1 and 4 mm, are usually produced by using epoxy (E12) or polyester (P40) polymer. These sections can be used to study both macroscopic and microscopic structures. Compared with the usual methods of dissection or corrosion, plastinated slices have the advantage of not destroying or altering the spatial relationships of structures. Plastination can be used as a teaching and research tool. Besides the teaching and scientific sector, plastination becomes a common resource for exhibitions, as worldwide more and more exhibitions use plastinated specimens.
Human Vicegerency and the Golden Rule: The Islamic Case Against Exclusion
Authors: Reda Ayman 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe Islamic conception of social exclusion complements the Catholic perspective found in other contributions to this issue. The Islamic prohibitions of social exclusion are derived from theological principles that combine to provide a metaphysical basis for the golden rule that one should treat others as one wishes to be treated. This article examines the roots of a practical morality that enjoins us to treat other people as equals and prohibits exploitation of them in economic exchange. This philosophy is based on four principles found in the Qur'an and the hadith (teachings of the Prophet): vicegerency, commensurability, responsibility, and prophecy. These four principles combine to show how humans, as God's agents on earth, have the means to carry out the divine will. The practice of justice in Islamic thought does not rely on social conventions that are variable and contingent but on absolute principles revealed to us by the Prophet. That gives Islam an advantage over secular thought in establishing a strong foundation for social and ethical principles that give egalitarianism a transcendent basis. Thus, social inclusivity in Islamic thought is an integral part of a life governed by piety and prophecy.
Electrocardiogram characteristics of P wave associated with successful pulmonary vein isolation in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: Significance of changes in P‐wave duration and notched P wave
Authors: Yanagisawa Satoshi , Inden Yasuya , Okamoto Hiroya , Fujii Aya , Sakamoto Yusuke , Mamiya Keita , Tomomatsu Toshiro , Shibata Rei , Murohara Toyoaki 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe mechanisms involved in changes in P wave following catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) are uncertain. This study aimed to assess the relationship between changes in P‐wave morphology and pulmonary vein (PV) reconnection following ablation by the assessment of 12‐lead surface electrocardiogram and signal‐averaged electrocardiogram.MethodsThis retrospective study included 115 consecutive patients with paroxysmal AF that underwent repeat ablation for recurrence following initial ablation. We investigated changes in P‐wave morphology between baseline and repeat procedure in patients with and without PV reconnection. The study also included as validation group without recurrence (n = 67) following initial ablation.ResultsThe maximum P‐wave duration (PWD) was significantly decreased from baseline to just after the procedure in all groups. However, for the PV reconnection group (n = 100), the maximum PWD was significantly increased again at the repeat procedure. In contrast, the maximum PWD was significantly reduced between baseline and repeat procedure in the non‐PV reconnection group (n = 15). The signal‐averaged PWD was significantly decreased from baseline to repeat procedure in the non‐PV reconnection group, but, conversely, was increased in the PV reconnection group. In the non‐PV reconnection group, the disappearance of notched P wave was detected in 8 of 15 patients (53%), which was significantly higher than in other groups (p = .001). A new or delayed notched P wave was identified in the PV reconnection group only. These results were confirmed in the validation group.ConclusionsThe reverse dynamics of PWD after initial shortening directly following ablation were significantly associated with PV reconnection.
Impact of modern media on analgesic requirements during extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy
Authors: El‐Khoury Hanna J. , Brookes John D. L. , Tan Bryan , Shahbaz Shekib , McCahy Philip J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn Australia, shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) to treat urinary tract stones is routinely performed with general anaesthesia (GA). We have established a SWL service avoiding GA based outside operating theatres and wish to assess the effectiveness of utilizing modern media on patient satisfaction and analgesic requirements during treatment.MethodsA randomized three‐arm trial was performed. Patients were allocated to either watching videos or listening to music on a tablet device, or to getting no media distraction. A total of 95 patients were recruited in a 1:1:1 fashion. Analgesic requirements were recorded during the procedure and patients were asked to fill out a questionnaire with a visual analogue scale to assess their overall pain and satisfaction with the procedure.ResultsOverall pain scores were decreased – the sound media group reported a mean pain score of 3.52 (P = 0.005), the visual group was 3.62 (P = 0.007), compared to 5.45 in the control group. Analgesic requirements were significantly decreased when compared to the control group (P = 0.05). Overall satisfaction with the procedure was improved in the treatment groups, with the sound group having the best result (P = 0.04).ConclusionModern media can be used as a distraction during SWL in a safe and effective way when treating renal tract stones without GA. Analgesic requirements are decreased significantly, therefore decreasing any potential side‐effects and complications. Other departments in Australia should consider using this technique.
Is laparoscopic selective lateral lymph node dissection for locally advanced rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy safe?
Authors: Yang Xuyang , Gu Chaoyang , Hu Tao , Bi Liang , Wei Mingtian , Deng Xiangbing , Wang Ziqiang , Zhou Zongguang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the technical feasibility, safety and oncological outcomes of laparoscopic total mesorectal excision (TME) with selective lateral lymph node (LLN) dissection (sLLND) in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) and clinically suspected swollen LLNs treated with preoperative neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT).MethodsConsecutive patients with LARC and swollen LLNs who underwent laparoscopic TME and sLLND following nCRT between October 2012 and October 2018 were reviewed from the prospectively collected database. Patient demographics, operation safety, perioperative complications and oncological outcomes were analysed.ResultsA total of 43 patients were identified. All procedures were completed under laparoscopy without conversion to open surgery. The median operation time was 313 min (range 170–570 min). The median blood loss was 80 mL (range 30–450 mL). The median number of LLNs harvested was 11 (range 1–29). LLN metastasis was found in 12 patients (27.9%). Major post‐operative complications were found in four patients (9.3%). The median hospital stay was 7 days (range 4–27 days). The median time to tolerance to liquid food was 72 h (range 36–120 h). The post‐operative 30‐day mortality rate was 0%. Over the median follow‐up of 24 months, no lateral pelvic recurrence developed. For the whole group of patients, the 2‐year cumulative overall survival and disease‐free survival were 90.5% and 78.1%, respectively.ConclusionWith the advantages of a minimally invasive approach, laparoscopic TME and sLLND following preoperative nCRT in patients with LARC and swollen LLNs is safe and feasible. This procedure provides acceptable perioperative and oncological outcomes.
Blood utilisation and transfusion reactions in adult patients transfused with conventional or pathogen‐reduced platelets
Authors: Bahar Burak , Schulz Wade L. , Gokhale Amit , Spencer Bryan R. , Gehrie Eric A. , Snyder Edward L. 
Published: October 2019

SummaryPathogen‐reduced (PR) platelets are routinely used in many countries. Some studies reported changes in platelet and red blood cell (RBC) transfusion requirements in patients who received PR platelets when compared to conventional (CONV) platelets. Over a 28‐month period we retrospectively analysed platelet utilisation, RBC transfusion trends, and transfusion reaction rates data from all transfused adult patients transfused at the Yale‐New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA. We determined the number of RBC and platelet components administered between 2 and 24, 48, 72 or 96 h. A total of 3767 patients received 21 907 platelet components (CONV = 8912; PR = 12 995); 1,087 patients received only CONV platelets (1578 components) and 1,466 patients received only PR platelets (2604 components). The number of subsequently transfused platelet components was slightly higher following PR platelet components (P < 0·05); however, fewer RBCs were transfused following PR platelet administration (P < 0·05). The mean time‐to‐next platelet component transfusion was slightly shorter following PR platelet transfusion (P = 0·002). The rate of non‐septic transfusion reactions did not differ (all P > 0·05). Septic transfusion reactions (N = 5) were seen only after CONV platelet transfusions (P = 0·011). These results provide evidence for comparable clinical efficacy of PR and CONV platelets. PR platelets eliminated septic transfusion reactions without increased risk of other types of transfusions with only slight increase in platelet utilisation.
An upsurge of the serum free light chains as a possible missing link in tumour lysis syndrome in multiple myeloma
Authors: Yavorkovsky Leonid L. , Jing Wen , Baker Robin 
Published: October 2019

SummaryMultiple myeloma (MM) is a slow‐growing malignancy characterized by a low proliferation rate of plasma cells and a relatively rare incidence of tumour lysis syndrome (TLS). Three myeloma patients developed TLS following cytotoxic therapy (two after radiation treatment) that was associated with an abrupt increase of serum free light chains (FLC). All three patients demonstrated extramedullary plasmacytomas that exhibited aggressive features compared to the original myeloma. The findings suggested that an abrupt liberation (rather than slow secretion) of FLC from myeloma cells may trigger a fulminant cast nephropathy and present an unrecognized risk factor and potentially aggravating component of TLS.
The changing Patagonian landscape: Erosion and westward sediment transfer paths in northern Patagonia during the Middle and Late Pleistocene
Authors: Villaseñor Tania , Tentori Daniel , Marsaglia Kathleen M. , Pinto Luisa 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPleistocene glaciations have promoted important landscape transformations as a result of high rates of erosion and rapid sediment evacuation to adjacent marine basins. In the Patagonian Andes the role of the Patagonian Ice Sheet on landscape evolution, in particular the spatial patterns of glacial erosion and its influence on sediment fluxes, is poorly documented. Here, we investigate the Middle and Late Pleistocene sedimentary record of the continental slope from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 861, offshore Patagonia (46°S), to evaluate the link between glaciations, mountain range erosion and continental margin strata formation. Petrographic analysis of the sand‐size fraction (0.063–2 mm) and ɛNd and 87Sr/86Sr measurements in the silt‐size fraction (10–63 µm) indicate that glacial erosion over the last 350,000 years has focused within the Patagonian Batholith, with a minor influence of a proximal source to the drilling site, the Chonos Metamorphic Complex. This shows that erosion has focused in the core of the northern Patagonian Andes, coinciding roughly with the location of the Liquiñe‐Ofqui Fault Zone and the zone of concentrated precipitation during glaciations, suggesting a combined climatic and structural control on glacial erosion. Temporal variation in the provenance signal is contemporaneous with a marked change in the stratigraphy of ODP Site 861 that occurred after the glaciation of MIS 8 (~240 kyr ago). Before MIS 8, a restricted provenance signal and coarse lithofacies accumulated on the continental slope indicates spatially restricted erosion and efficient transfer of sediment towards the ocean. In contrast, very high provenance variability and finer continental slope lithofacies accumulation after MIS 8 suggest a disorganized expansion of the areas under erosion and a more distal influence of ice sediment discharge to this site. We argue that this change may have been related to a re‐organization of the drainage patterns of the Patagonian Ice Sheet and flow of outlet glaciers to the continental margin during the last two glaciations.
Allosteric mechanism of an oximino‐piperidino‐piperidine antagonist for the CCR5 chemokine receptor
Authors: Zhang Yangpeng , Chen Hai‐Feng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe first step for the HIV‐1 virus infecting host cell is bound with the CCR5 chemokine receptor. A set of allosteric inhibitors of oximino‐piperidino‐piperidine antagonists for CCR5 chemokine receptor was discovered. However, the allosteric mechanism of these inhibitors is still unsolved. Therefore, residue‐level dynamics correlation network combining with on molecular dynamics simulation was used to investigate the allosteric mechanism. The dynamics correlation network of bound CCR5 is significantly different from that of free CCR5. The community of the most active complex suggests that the allosteric information can freely transfer from the allosteric site to the effector site of the second extracellular loop, while the information transfers bottleneck for the less active one. Here, a hypothesis was proposed that “binding‐induced allosteric mechanism” was used to reveal the allosteric regulation of antagonists and the network perturbation confirmed it. Finally, the shortest path algorithm was used to identify the possible allosteric pathway with Gly173‐Lys171‐Thr177‐Tyr89‐LIG which was evaluated by the network perturbation of key residue. Furthermore, the efficiency of allostery for the most active system is the highest among these antagonist complexes. The strategy targeting the allosteric pathway can be used to design novel inhibitors of HIV‐1 virus.
Prediction of water positions in the binding sites of proteins based on collections of multi‐source heterogeneous atoms
Authors: Xiao Wei , Lu Lihua , Ji Chunlei , Yu Xiang , Qi Delin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWater molecules play an important role in mediating the interactions between proteins and ligands. However, it is difficult to distinguish the key water molecules directly because they are widely and irregularly distributed. Based on the results of statistical analysis, a composite tetrahedral model is proposed to predict the potential hydration sites in the binding sites of crystal structures. By analyzing the different protein atoms and ligand atoms that interact with water molecules, the unified representation and measurement of these multi‐source heterogeneous atoms in the multi‐dimensional feature space were adopted. The potential hydration sites could be predicted based on the results of the preference analysis and the shape‐matching method. A test set was used to evaluate the model performance and extensive comparison with the tetrahedral‐water‐cluster model and Dowser++ revealed that the composite tetrahedral model can not only predict the potential sites of multiple key water molecules in the binding sites but also has a better prediction accuracy.
Cinnamon extract inhibits allergen‐specific immune responses in human and murine allergy models
Authors: Ose Robert , Tu Jessica , Schink Anne , Maxeiner Joachim , Schuster Petra , Lucas Kurt , Saloga Joachim , Bellinghausen Iris 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundCeylon cinnamon has been shown to possess anti‐inflammatory properties in many diseases including allergic inflammation.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to analyse in more detail the effects of cinnamon extract (CE) and its major compounds p‐cymene and trans‐cinnamaldehyde (CA) on allergen‐specific immune responses in vitro and in vivo.MethodsTherefore, monocyte‐derived mature dendritic cells (DC) from grass or birch pollen allergic donors were pulsed with the respective allergen in the presence or absence of CE, p‐cymene, CA or the solvent ethanol and co‐cultured with autologous CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, basophil activation test was performed with or without CE or ethanol treatment. For the in vivo experiments, BALB/c mice were immunized with ovalbumin (OVA) and orally treated with CE or ethanol.ResultsAddition of CE, p‐cymene or CA, but not ethanol significantly inhibited DC maturation and subsequent allergen‐specific T cell proliferation as well as Th1 and Th2 cytokine production. Sulphidoleukotriene release and CD63 expression by basophils were also significantly diminished after addition of CE. In vivo, treatment of OVA‐sensitized mice with CE led to a significant shift from OVA‐specific IgE towards IgG2a production and to a strong inhibition of OVA‐specific proliferation. Moreover, airway inflammation as well as anaphylaxis after intranasal or systemic allergen challenge was significantly reduced in CE‐treated mice. Furthermore, topical application of CE prevented calcipotriol‐induced atopic dermatitis‐like inflammation in these mice.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceTaken together, our data indicate that the anti‐inflammatory effect of cinnamon might be exploited for treatment of allergic inflammation, which needs to be further investigated.
Serum IFI16 and anti-IFI16 antibodies in psoriatic arthritis
Authors: De Andrea M , De Santis M , Caneparo V , Generali E , Sirotti S , Isailovic N , Guidelli G M , Ceribelli A , Fabbroni M , Simpatico A , Cantarini L , Gisondi P , Idolazzi L , Gariglio M , Selmi C 
Published: October 2019

SummaryNuclear interferon-inducible protein 16 (IFI16) and anti-IFI16 antibodies have been detected in subjects with several rheumatic diseases, often correlating with disease severity, and in this study we investigated their prevalence and clinical associations in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) compared to psoriasis (Pso). We tested sera and synovial fluids of patients with PsA for IFI16 protein levels by capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and for anti-IFI16 immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgA by ELISA, protein radio-immunoprecipitation and immunoprecipitation-Western blot of IgG. Sera from patients with Pso and healthy subjects were used as controls, and in a subgroup of patients with PsA we also studied sera after treatment with etanercept. IFI16 was detectable in the sera of 66% of patients with Pso, 46% with PsA and 19% of controls. Among PsA cases, 51% of IFI16-positive cases had elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) compared to 31% of patients with undetectable IFI16. Anti-IFI16 of both IgG and IgA isoforms were detected with significantly higher frequency in PsA and Pso compared to healthy controls, with higher IgG titres in patients with elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) (P = 0·015). Immunoprecipitation confirmed the presence of anti-IFI16 IgG antibodies and these preferentially recognized epitopes outside the N-terminus of the protein. Lastly, IFI16 was detected in one of seven and anti-IFI16 in three of seven synovial fluids from patients with PsA. Therefore, IFI16 and anti-IFI16 are detectable in serum and synovial fluid of PsA patients, especially in cases of elevated CRP.