bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating Turkish university students’ attitudes towards refugees in a time of Civil War in neighboring Syria
Authors: Aktas Vezir , Tepe Yeliz Kındap , Persson Roland S. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThousands of refugees have immigrated to Turkey because of the current Civil War in neighboring Syria. This is causing tensions between refugees and locals. These increasingly negative attitudes towards the incoming victims of conflict are of particular interest. The present study, therefore, aimed at determining the premises of the emergence of such negative attitudes. The research sample consisted of university students who all studied at various faculties at Cumhuriyet University in the Turkish province of Sivas. Data were collected by the Attitude Scale Towards Refugees, the Patriotism Attitude Scale, the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, and the Cirhinlioğlu Religiosity Scale. Data were analyzed by Independent Samplet-tests as well as using Stepwise Regression Analyses. Results showed that the feeling of empathy correlated negatively with negative attitudes towards refugees, while blind patriotism, religiosity, and having nationalist/conservative orientations, correlated positively. Men were found to be more negative than women. The feeling of empathy was the most prominent factor in predicting the nature of attitudes towards refugees. Religious doctrine and distancing oneself from conservative and patriotic perspectives appeared to be effective in potentially preventing the development of negative attitudes. In conclusion, research results are discussed in the light of relevant literature.
Zwischen Sehnsucht, Medien und Realität
Authors: Beate Martin HP 
Published: August 2018

SummaryJugendliche verhüten beim Sex sicherer als die Gruppe der jungen Erwachsenen zwischen 25 und 35 Jahren. Der Konsum von Pornographie lässt meist nach, wenn sich Jugendliche in einer festen Partnerschaft befinden. Sexualitätsbegleitung hilft unter anderem, um Mythen wie „je größer der Penis, umso besser der Sex“ zu korrigieren.
„Wir leben alle vorwärtsgewandt, verstehen aber erst im Rückblick.“
Authors: Böser Christian 
Published: August 2018

SummaryDer tschechische Psychiater Dr. Pavel Vodák (1920–2002) erlebte die europäische Geschichte seiner Zeit hautnah. Vor seinem Tod schrieb er sein ereignisreiches Leben nieder. Diese Aufzeichnungen sind die Grundlage des Romans „Das hungrige Krokodil“, den die Heilpraktikerin für Psychotherapie, Journalistin und Schreibtherapeutin Sandra Brökel geschrieben hat.
Kompetenz statt Anpassung
Authors: Diana Gallmeier HP 
Published: August 2018

SummaryFrontalunterricht mit vorgegebenen Inhalten, defizitorientierte Betrachtung und Notendruck fördern bei vielen Jugendlichen ein Gefühl des Versagens und der Hilflosigkeit. Durch Lob und das Erleben eigener Selbstwirksamkeit und Kompetenz können Jugendliche wieder Freude und Interesse am Lernen entwickeln – und damit auch Aufmerksamkeit und Erfolge. Zu den bewährten Therapien bei Schulleistungsstörungen zählen Lerntherapie, Psychoedukation sowie die Gesprächs- und Neurofeedbacktherapie.
Preservation of Animal Cadavers with a Formaldehyde-free Solution for Gross Anatomy
Authors: Tamayo-Arango Lynda , Garzón-Alzate Anderson 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMotivated by the current health safety regulations at Universidad de Antioquia, our laboratory changed the animal cadavers preserving solution based on formaldehyde, methanol, glycerin and phenol to a formula based on 85% ethanol, 10% glycerin, and 5% benzalkonium chloride. A total of 33 donated cadavers were preserved with this formula so far: 4 goats, 16 dogs, 3 cats and 10 bovine fetuses. Red and blue latex dyes were injected into the vascular systems. Small cadavers were first injected with latex, followed by muscular and intracavitary injection with the preservation fluid and immersion in 96% ethanol. Large cadavers were vascularly injected, wrapped in plastic bags and vascularly repleted with latex during the next 8 days. Samples were taken for microbiological analysis from 3 cadavers: 1 cadaver wrapped with plastic for 2 months, 1 cadaver immersed for 4 months, and 1 cadaver after 15 days of perfusion. The first way to preserve cadavers was more time-consuming, but it rendered cadavers with a more thorough distribution of latex on small arteries and veins. An enhanced flexibility of joints and tissues promoted an easier dissection process, even of the most distal regions, allowing the movement of tendons along their sheaths. Also, a better color preservation was observed in spite of a darkening after the tissues were exposed to the air. There was no gross evidence of decay from bacterial or fungal growth, and the cultures were negative. The most important advantage of this formula is its lower toxicity and cost.
The “Second” Bride
Authors: Lee Zi-ying , Liao Min-Hsiu 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis article contributes to the discussion of retranslation in Translation Studies through a case study on the retranslation of romance novels in Taiwan. Although retranslation has received some attention from translation researchers, most of the existing studies are based on examples of classic literature. In contrast, popular fiction like the romance novel remains relatively under-researched. In this article, paratextual analysis is applied to the publishing environment and marketing strategies for romance novels in order to explain why works of this genre – which are usually regarded as cheap and “throwaway” – are retranslated and how consumers are motivated to purchase such products. The findings suggest that the retranslation of best-selling romantic novels is a low-cost and low-risk investment for the publishers concerned. Such retranslations are promoted through three channels: via the branding of the retranslation as a “classic”; by persuading readers to believe that the retranslated version is more faithful to the original, and thus superior; and by introducing a different mode of consumption – a shift away from renting and towards the purchase of novels. It is argued that, for commercially-driven retranslations, market factors rather than the inherent features of the texts concerned provide a clearer explanation for the phenomenon of retranslation.
Lear’s questions revisited
Authors: Busse Ulrich 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This paper applies a pragmatic approach to King Lear’s questions. To this end the communicative function of different types of
questions is worked out first. In a second step Lear’s questions are correlated to the dramatic development of the play. In terms
of dramatic text construction, the two questions from the opening of the play – “Which of you shall we say doth love us most”
(1.1.51) – and from the play’s final act – “Why should a dog, a horse, a rat, have life, / And thou no breath at all?”
(5.3.305–6) – epitomise the complete change of the tragic hero from a more than self-assured person and instigator of his tragic
downfall to a human being whose beliefs are shattered.
Taming iconicity in the Spanish and Italian translations of Shakespeare’sSonnets
Authors: Gonzálvez-García Francisco 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBuilding on Tabakowska’s (1993,2003,2005,2009,2013) full-blown defense of a cognitive linguistic approach to literary translation as well as on previous research dealing with the implementations of Construction Grammar(s) for translation studies (Szymańska 2011a,2011b;Serbina 2015), this paper critically examines the role of iconicity in selected lines from Shakespeare’sSonnetscapitalizing on the passage of Time-Death and their corresponding translations in present-day Spanish and Italian. Specifically, drawing on Cognitive Construction Grammar (Goldberg 2006) and Contrastive Construction Grammar (Boas 2010a;Boas & Gonzálvez-García 2014), I focus on instances of secondary predication with verbs of sensory perception, causative constructions and aspectual constructions iconically connected with the above-mentioned motif and demonstrate that iconicity emerges as a very useful communicative ‘filter’ that can help to minimize any undesirable arbitrariness which may obscure the semantico-pragmatic interpretation of the source text and/or its rendering into the target text.
The cognitive potential of antithesis
Authors: Shurma Svitlana , Lu Wei-lun 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis paper investigates the working of antithesis in Shakespeare’s most famous soliloquy “To be, or not to be” and its three Ukrainian translations. In cognitive poetics, antithesis is often viewed as a verbal variety of conceptual oxymoron. However, this paper argues for distinguishing antithesis from conceptual oxymoron based on consideration of the different processes at work behind their creation and reading. Significantly, in antithesis the emergent meaning retains the dichotomy of two input spaces rather than creating a new one, as happens in conceptual oxymoron. In this context, we consider antithesis in English-Ukrainian translations against the backdrop ofKaluża’s (1984)reflection on asymmetry and irreversibility in antithesis. As will be seen, renditions into Ukrainian change the perception of the original antithesis prompted by structural and semantic changes in the translations.
Transgender identity labels in the British press
Authors: Zottola Angela 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis contribution focuses on the linguistic representation of transgender people in the British press, through the analysis of a corpus of newspaper articles collected between 2013 and 2015. Within the framework of Queer Linguistics and Corpus-based Discourse Analysis, this study analyses the linguistic choices retraceable in the corpus under investigation, conveying a given representation of transgender individuals as social subjects. The analysis focuses on naming strategies and the collective representation of transgender identities.
L2 acquisition in childhood, adulthood and old age
Authors: Singleton David , Pfenninger Simone E. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis article deals with some misunderstandings about the age factor in second language acquisition which result from a reliance on an incomplete interpretation of relevant research findings. It begins with an exploration of the work of Penfield and Lenneberg and goes on to weigh recent evidence for and against the hypothesis of a “critical period” in the context of naturalistic second language acquisition. It then turns to the question of the effects of earlyinstructedsecond language learning. Finally, it addresses the issue of second language learning in late adulthood, summarizing the results of such empirical investigation as has been undertaken to date on this topic and arguing for more attention to be devoted to this area in the future.
‘Official language for intercultural ties’
Authors: Litzenberg Jason 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This study considers the parallel expression of language policy toward Kichwa in the linguistic landscape of Yachay, two
administratively independent government-funded institutions in Ecuador. Although the institutions share a geographic location,
name, and goal of becoming a sciences and technology hub for Latin America, they maintain distinct identities through their
official signage, providing opportunity for consideration of how recent political and cultural ideologies toward Ecuador’s
language policy have been realized in the linguistic landscape of parallel institutions. Kichwa, a constitutionally-recognized
minority language of the region, is largely absent from the landscape, providing little more than a shared institutional
nomenclature. Instead, the language and culture are used as a commodity for promoting pan-Ecuadorian interculturality and
indigenous values, even if these values are not otherwise overtly supported. Kichwa thus represents the ‘traditional’ Ecuador,
while at the same time serves as the backbone in the formation of a collective, future-oriented national identity.
A typological approach to the encoding of motion events
Authors: Lewandowski Wojciech 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This study reports on findings from an elicited narrative task in which native speakers of three genetically different languages, German, Polish, and Spanish, were asked to describe motion scenes from an extract of Chaplin’s City Lights. The results show that linguistic typology has an important predictive power as far as narrative style is concerned; however, since typological generalizations usually refer to tendencies rather than sharp divisions between languages, it is crucial to pay attention to the specific resources of a given language available for describing a particular conceptual domain. Specifically, although German and Polish pertain to the same typological group (satellite-framed), as opposed to Spanish (verb-framed), they exploit their predominant lexicalization pattern in a different way, and this has an enormous impact on the narrative style.
Hawaiʻi Creole in the public domain
Authors: Saft Scott , Tebow Gabriel , Santos Ronald 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn light of a belief that Hawaiʻi Creole (HC) is mostly inappropriate in public domains of society, this study examines how it was employed in two university commencement speeches by a local politician in Hawaiʻi. The analysis adopts the perspective of heteroglossia (Bakhtin 1981) in order to describe how HC is used together in the speeches with English and also some Hawaiian words. By focusing on the contrastive indexical meanings attached to all three languages, the analysis describes how the speaker combined humor and serious advice in his speeches. In particular, a focus is given to a specific feature of the HC grammar, the negative imperative, that was used by the speaker to underscore his main points. Discussion of the analysis considers the potential of the perspective of heteroglossia to understand the usage of HC in the public domain in Hawaiʻi to construct formal speeches of a decidedly ʻlocal’ style.
Analyzing the relationship and development of proficiency, derivational knowledge, and vocabulary size in Spanish L2 learners
Authors: Marcos Miguel Nausica 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
One dimension of knowing a word is recognizing its structure. Previous research, mostly on L2 English, has revealed a close link between derivational knowledge (DK) and vocabulary size. Nevertheless, the degree of the relationship as well as the effect of the learner’s L1 vary among these studies. The present study analyzes the development of DK in L1 English learners of L2 Spanish (n = 209) taking university level courses from second to seventh semester at a US institution. The measurements explore the complex nature of DK – i.e., relational, syntactic and distributional knowledge – in both receptive and productive mode. Results showed that proficiency rather than vocabulary size, i.e., knowledge of monomorphemic words, contributes to DK. While a full receptive knowledge of some suffixes can be acquired relatively early, this is not the case for productive knowledge. This study also provides some tools to measure DK without resorting to metalanguage.
From colonial dynamism to current transnationalism
Authors: Buschfeld Sarah , Kautzsch Alexander , Schneider Edgar W. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The ever-increasing dynamism of the diffusion of English calls for an integrated approach to postcolonial and non-postcolonial Englishes and to new contexts such as transnational cyberspace, new media, or “grassroots” usage. We focus on major theoretical approaches to modelling World Englishes in the 21st century by briefly defining, discussing, and comparing older and more recent approaches to the theorizing of World Englishes, their scope and their mutual relationships, notably the “Dynamic Model”, “Transnational Attraction”, and the “Extra- and Intra-territorial Forces Model”. We discuss these approaches in relation to some examples and applications from especially post-postcolonial nations and contexts, including South-East Asia, Namibia and Germany, Cyprus and Greece, Bosnia-Herzegovina, social media (with examples from Facebook), fanfiction writing, and multiplayer online games.
Stabilising domains of English-language use in Germany
Authors: Mair Christian 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The growing impact of English in Germany since World War II has largely been dealt with in terms of lexical borrowing. In contrast to this, the present contribution will focus on emerging domains of regular use of English, be it as a lingua franca or as part of multilingual repertoires. Two of these domains, English as Medium of Instruction (EMI) in higher education and English in business and industry, relate to the activities of social elites and have already attracted considerable scholarly attention. Data analysis will, therefore, focus on the diverse types of English-German language mixing which can be observed among two less prestigious and often marginalised groups, namely followers of urban youth cultural movements and the socially disparate group of recent arrivals in Germany from “Anglophone” West Africa. Taken together, these uses of English represent a challenge to the traditional monolingual sociolinguistic order of the nation state because they undermine it from without (increasingly globalised “markets” in business, education and the culture industry) and from within (increasing linguistic diversity of the country’s resident population). My analysis will draw on the “World System of Englishes” model (Mair 2013), enriched by the concept of transnational languagescapes, which I develop on the basis of work on cultural globalisation by Appadurai 1996; Loven 2009; and Pratt 2011.
Hybridity, globalisation and models of Englishes
Authors: van Rooy Bertus , Kruger Haidee 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Current models of Englishes face empirical challenges, such as multilingualism, hybrid varieties, complex identities, online communication and other consequences of globalisation, alongside a number of conceptual and methodological challenges. In this chapter, we explicate these challenges, and offer a corpus-linguistic analysis of interactive, online data from South Africa, in an attempt to expand current models. The data reveal that a shared pool of English resources form the core of the online interactions, but this is supplemented by resources from a global online repertoire, global and local non-standard English forms, and forms from other South African languages. Users make selections from these resources, to communicate and align with other users, and in the process, express their hybrid, complex identities by combining these resources. An adequate model has to provide for a diverse resource pool, selection processes and the eventual diversity of text types emerging from communicative interactions.
It is time that this (should) be studied across a broader range of Englishes
Authors: Hundt Marianne 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In subordinate clauses after mandatives such as recommend or require, English speakers can choose between a subjunctive or a modal construction. Studies of this alternation in second-language varieties of English (ESL) are scarce. Previous research looked at the distribution of subjunctives across varieties, speech and writing, their co-occurrence with passive voice and individual triggers. However, these factors have not been studied as predictor variables for the subjunctive: modal alternation. This study uses corpus data from the International Corpus of English and the Global Web-based English corpus to model the relative strength of external predictor variables for the mandative alternation across a broad range of Englishes. The findings do not lend themselves to straightforward interpretation within an individual model of World Englishes.
Inhibitory effect of the compounds from the water extract of Curcuma longa on the production of PGE2 and NO in a macrophage cell line stimulated by LPS
Authors: Kawasaki Kengo , Okuda-Hanafusa Chinatsu , Aoyagi Morihiro , Taoka Koichi , Yamamoto Norio , Muroyama Koutarou , Murosaki Shinji , Yamamoto Yoshihiro 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
We wished to search for the compounds contributing to the anti-inflammatory effects of the water extract of Curcuma longa (WEC). WEC was fractioned and the fractions were evaluated with regard to their inhibitory effect on the production of nitric oxide (NO) from the macrophage cell line stimulated by lipopolysaccharide. Compounds in the active fractions were isolated and identified. One isolated compound was identified as new: (6S)-2-methyl-5-hydroxy-6-(3-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)-2-heptene-4-one (1). Four isolated compounds were identified as known: (6S)-2-methyl-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-heptene-4-one (4), bisabolone-4-one (5), curcumenone (6), and turmeronol A (8). Three isolated compounds were not identified their stereostructures but their planar structures: 2-methyl-6-(4-hydroxymethyl-phenyl)-2-heptene-4-one (2), 2-methyl-6-(2,3-epoxy-4-methyl-4-cyclohexene)-2-heptene (3), and 4-methylene-5-hydroxybisabola-2,10-diene-9-one (7). Compounds 1, 4, 7 and 8 inhibited production of prostaglandin E2 and NO. Others inhibited NO production only. These results (at least in part) show the active compounds contributing to the anti-inflammatory effects of WEC, and may be useful for elucidating its various beneficial physiologic effects.
Learners’ views of (non)native speaker status, accent, and identity: an English as an international language perspective
Authors: Tamimi Sa’d Seyyed Hatam 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTThe study examines perceptions of nonnative speakers (NNSs) of English toward accented speech and its relation with identity from the perspective of English as an international language (EIL). The data were collected from 51 Iranian EFL learners by means of questionnaires and interviews. The findings revealed the participants’ considerable uncertainty concerning the relationship between accent and socioeconomic and educational status as well as their reluctance to display their L1 identity through L1-accented speech. Furthermore, the results indicated that the participants are highly appreciative of NS accent, hold negative stereotypes of NNS accents and judge NNSs unfavorably. They exhibited a marked tendency to sound similar to NSs, regarding them as the best model of English accent to follow. The participants’ negative evaluations of NNSs’ accents of English are evidence of the dominance of Inner Circle speakers’ norms among the Expanding Circle speakers with implications for learning and teaching English as an international language.