bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental study on direct tension behavior of concrete through combined digital image correlation and acoustic emission techniques
Authors: Guo Yuzhu , Chen Xudong , Yang Hanqing , Hu Liangpeng , Zhang Jinhua , Fan Xiangqian 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn order to investigate the fracture behavior of plain concrete under tensile load, uniaxial tensile test of plain concrete cylinder is carried out in this paper. Acoustic emission (AE) and 3D digital image correlation (3D DIC) are used to measure the internal acoustic emission signal and the surface deformation characteristics of the specimen. Before the tensile stress comes close to the peak, there is very little acoustic emission signal inside the specimen. When the tensile stress reaches the peak, the acoustic emission signal inside the specimen begins to increase dramatically, and the number of microcracks on the surface of the specimen increases and the crack width expands gradually. The experimental results are as follows: Acoustic emission can monitor the internal fracture damage of the specimen. The microcracks and macrocracks on the surface of the specimen can be monitored sensitively by 3D DIC. And the test results of the two methods are basically consistent and complementary. These results can provide some reference for the research of plain concrete under tensile load.
Hunting interacts with socio‐demographic predictors of human perceptions of urban coyotes
Authors: Drake Michael D. , Peterson M. Nils , Griffith Emily H. , Olfenbuttel Colleen , Moorman Christopher E. , Deperno Christopher S. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTRecent research suggests hunting participation interacts with other variables (e.g., bird‐watching participation) to shape attitudes about wildlife. We build on this research by evaluating how hunting participation interacted with key variables to predict affectual attitudes toward coyotes (Canis latrans), support for coyotes on the landscape, and support for coyote management approaches in urban North Carolina, USA. We conducted surveys of urban hunters and nonhunting urban residents during 2015, and modeled relationships between respondent attributes and perceptions of coyotes. Among nonhunters, men liked coyotes more than women did, but the relationship was reversed among hunters. Similarly, men supported killing coyotes more than women did, but the difference was less pronounced among hunters. Pet owners liked coyotes and opposed killing coyotes more than non–pet owners did, but those differences disappeared among hunters. Having a rural background predicted lower tolerance for coyotes among hunters but not nonhunters. Finally, age was negatively related to support for lethal coyote management among hunters but positively related to support among nonhunters. Participation in hunting may moderate how socio‐demographic variables predict perceptions of coyotes and change or reverse previously described relationships between these variables and perceptions of wildlife. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
A phase I study of enfortumab vedotin in Japanese patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Takahashi Shunji , Uemura Motohide , Kimura Tomokazu , Kawasaki Yoshihide , Takamoto Atsushi , Yamaguchi Akito , Melhem-Bertrandt Amal , Gartner Elaina M. , Inoue Takashi , Akazawa Rio , Kadokura Takeshi , Tanikawa Toshiki 
Published: August 2019

SummaryLocally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer is an aggressive form of cancer with high recurrence rates and low survival. Nectin-4 is a cell adhesion molecule commonly expressed in several tumors, including high expression in urothelial cancer. Enfortumab vedotin is an antibody–drug conjugate composed of an anti-Nectin-4 humanized monoclonal antibody linked to the microtubule disrupting agent, monomethyl auristatin E. In this phase I study (NCT03070990), Japanese patients with locally advanced/metastatic urothelial cancer treated with prior chemotherapy, or ineligible for cisplatin, were randomized 1:1 to receive 1.0 mg/kg (Arm A) or 1.25 mg/kg (Arm B) enfortumab vedotin on Days 1, 8, and 15 of each 28-day cycle. Assessing the pharmacokinetic and safety/tolerability profiles of enfortumab vedotin were primary objectives; investigator-assessed antitumor activity (RECIST v1.1) was a secondary objective. Seventeen patients (n = 9, Arm A; n = 8, Arm B) received treatment. Pharmacokinetic data suggest a dose-dependent increase in enfortumab vedotin maximum concentration and area under the concentration–time curve at Day 7. Enfortumab vedotin was well tolerated across both doses. Dysgeusia and alopecia (n = 9 each) were the most common treatment-related adverse events. Regardless of attribution, grade ≥ 3 adverse events occurring in ≥2 patients were anemia and hypertension (n = 2 each). One patient achieved a confirmed complete response (Arm A) and five achieved confirmed partial responses (n = 3, Arm A; n = 2, Arm B). Objective response and disease control rates were 35.3% and 76.5%, respectively. In Japanese patients with locally advanced/metastatic urothelial cancer, enfortumab vedotin is well tolerated with preliminary antitumor activity and a pharmacokinetic profile consistent with prior reports.
Real-time bit wear prediction using mud logger data with mathematical approaches
Authors: Yang Hongpeng , Zhao Hongkai , Kottapurath Suresh 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNowadays, the success of drilling operations has become more sensitive to cost control. As one of the most effective cost reductions is the elimination of extra trips, real-time bit wear prediction has been a challenge for appropriate decision-making in drilling operations to reach the highest drilling performance and avoid serious bit issues. This present study shows the combination of mechanical specific energy (MSE), principal component analysis (PCA) and wavelet analysis in real-time bit wear prediction with mud logger data for the Kymera bit. The aforementioned mathematical approaches were combined with the traditional MSE method to monitor the drilling efficiency, especially to eliminate the loss of cone. Novel analytical approaches like PCA and wavelet analysis were introduced to predict the real-time bit wear grade for PDC part of the Kymera bit. Two field cases with several applications were selected for this study to illustrate the advantages of the aforementioned methods and demonstrate their efficiency in bit wear prediction. The first case study shows the bit wear prediction at pulling depth as Grade 5, while the actual dull grade of PDC part is Grade 5-5 without losing the cone. The second case study shows the bit wear prediction at the pulling depth is Grade 1, while the actual dull grade of PDC part is Grade 1-1 without losing the cone. The novelty of this bit wear prediction model is the ability to predict the Kymera bit wear in real time using mathematical approaches with practical applications and valid results in the mentioned study area.
Exome Sequencing Identifies RET Associated Hirschsprung Disease in a Fetus with Echogenic Bowel
Authors: Nerakh Gayatri , Tandon Ashwani , Dalal Ashwin , Aggarwal Shagun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis is report of a case of RET associated Hirschsprung disease in a fetus diagnosed using exome sequencing. The fetus initially presented with echogenic bowel at 16 weeks with maternal first trimester serum screen showing increased risk for Trisomy 21. Amniotic fluid karyotype, ΔF508 CFTR genotype and maternal TORCH serology were normal. Subsequent ultrasonograms showed dilated bowel loops, predominantly large bowel. Following delivery at 24 weeks, a post-mortem examination was performed. Dilated bowel was confirmed with no structural gut abnormality and no other dysmorphic finding. Histopathology revealed agangliosis confirming a diagnosis of Hirschsprung disease. Exome sequencing done on fetal DNA from amniotic fluid revealed a putative pathogenic heterozygous c.1438G > A variant in exon 7 of RET gene, which was inherited from the asymptomatic mother. This enabled genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis in subsequent pregnancy.
Care of Archaeological Materials Begins in the Field
Authors: Nielsen-Grimm Glenna , Haynie Robyn 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCare of archaeological materials should begin when recovered in the field. Care and stabilization of objects in the field will greatly increase their research and exhibit potential. Identifying problems and understanding basic solutions to object care and stabilization is an important part of training for all potential object handlers. Proper care and stabilization of objects can and should be a priority for all object users—excavators, lab analysts, museum staff, and researchers. Constant dialogue and communication between repository specialists and archaeologists can be the most useful source for care of all archaeological objects.
Pesticide Contamination and Archaeological Collections: Contextual Information for Preparing a Pesticide History
Authors: Odegaard Nancy 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe issue of pesticide-contaminated archaeological collections has generated concern among staff in collecting institutions. Pesticides have long been used, but the awareness of their unseen persistence and their potential as a human health hazard is a new aspect of preventive conservation. Background information and guidelines for developing a pesticide history are provided for repositories, museums, cultural resource management companies in the private and public sectors, academia, and other public collections.
“History Is Our Playground”: Action and Authenticity in Assassin's Creed: Odyssey
Authors: Politopoulos Aris , Mol Angus A. A. , Boom Krijn H. J. , Ariese Csilla E. 
Published: August 2019

OverviewUbisoft's Assassin's Creed series is one the entertainment industry's most popular titles set in the past. With a new game released on an annual basis—each full of distinct historical places, events, and people—the series has unfolded across post-classical history, from the Levant during the Third Crusade to Victorian-era London. The 2017 release of Assassin's Creed: Origins, which entailed a massive reconstruction of Hellenistic Egypt, pushed the series even further back in time. With it, Ubisoft also launched its Discovery Tour, allowing players to explore the game's setting at their leisure and without combat. These trends continued in 2018's Assassin's Creed: Odyssey, set in Greece during the Peloponnesian War. This review discusses the narrative, world, and gameplay of the latest Assassin's Creed within the series more broadly. We provide a critical appraisal of the experience that Odyssey offers and link it to this question: in the Assassin's Creed series, do we engage in meaningful play with the past, or are we simply assassinating our way through history?
Adapt or Perish? How Parties Respond to Party System Saturation in 21 Western Democracies, 1945–2011
Authors: van de Wardt Marc , van Witteloostuijn Arjen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study examines whether (and how) parties adapt to party system saturation (PSS). A party system is oversaturated when a higher effective number of parties contests elections than predicted. Previous research has shown that parties are more likely to exit when party systems are oversaturated. This article examines whether parties will adapt by increasing the nicheness of their policy platform, by forming electoral alliances or by merging. Based on time-series analyses of 522 parties contesting 357 elections in twenty-one established Western democracies between 1945 and 2011, the study finds that parties are more likely to enter – and less likely to leave – electoral alliances if PSS increases. Additionally, a small share of older parties will merge. The results highlight parties’ limited capacity to adapt to their environments, which has important implications for the literature on party (system) change and models of electoral competition.
Can post-milking insemination increase conception rate in high-producing Holstein cows under heat stress? A retrospective study
Authors: Rahbar R. , Sadeghi-Sefidmazgi A. , Abdullahpour R. , Nejati-Javaremi A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHeat stress, especially in countries with hot climates, is a major cause of low fertility in high-producing dairy herds. Management strategies are needed to help producers improve the reproductive performance of their dairy animals under such conditions. The current study aims to evaluate the effects of pre- and post-milking insemination on the conception rate (CR) in dairy cows. The dataset included 1294 insemination records leading to pregnancy in 708 lactating Holstein dairy cows. The GLIMMIX model procedure of SAS based on the generalized linear mixed model methodology was used to analyse the results of insemination (success or failure) as a binomial distribution with the logit link function. Differences were observed in CRs between pre- and post-milking insemination. The pregnancy odds ratio (OR) for post-milking insemination relative to that for pre-milking one was estimated at 1.90 [1.23‒2.91; 95% confidence interval (CI)]. Different levels of interaction were obtained between average daily milk production and time of insemination. In the high-producing group, the pregnancy OR for the post-milking relative to that for the pre-milking insemination was estimated at 3.53 (2.00‒6.24; 95% CI). A significant interaction effect was obtained between insemination time and the temperature-humidity index. A pregnancy OR of 2.52 (1.22‒4.14; 95% CI) was recorded for the cows inseminated after milking on days with higher levels of heat and humidity stress v. the pre-milking inseminated ones. Based on the results, post-milking insemination of high-producing cows increased CRs, especially on days with high heat and humidity stress.
Is the mind-body relationship mysterious?
Authors: Charlton William 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWhy do some philosophers (Nagel, McGinn, Chomsky), despite all we know about evolution and embryology, think that consciousness makes the mind-body relation a problem still unsolved and perhaps insoluble by those with human brains? They ask how consciousness arises in matter, not in living organisms, whereas non-philosophers ask how far down the ladder of life it extends and when it arises in individuals of sentient and intelligent species. They desire the privacy of Locke's closet, furnished with phenomenological properties; and besides replacing Aristotle's ‘folk’ conception of causation by Hume's, they mathematicise physical explanation in line with Newton's First Law of Motion. Non-philosophers operate with ‘vague’ concepts of life, sentience and intelligence which allow them to treat these things as truly and naturally emergent. Machines that perform intelligent tasks are no more conscious of the reasons for their movements than actors performing them on the stage.
An update on the efficacy of anti-inflammatory agents for patients with schizophrenia: a meta-analysis
Authors: Çakici N. , van Beveren N. J. M. , Judge-Hundal G. , Koola M. M. , Sommer I. E. C. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundAccumulating evidence shows that a propensity towards a pro-inflammatory status in the brain plays an important role in schizophrenia. Anti-inflammatory drugs might compensate this propensity. This study provides an update regarding the efficacy of agents with some anti-inflammatory actions for schizophrenia symptoms tested in randomized controlled trials (RCTs).MethodsPubMed, Embase, the National Institutes of Health website (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov), and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were systematically searched for RCTs that investigated clinical outcomes.ResultsOur search yielded 56 studies that provided information on the efficacy of the following components on symptom severity: aspirin, bexarotene, celecoxib, davunetide, dextromethorphan, estrogens, fatty acids, melatonin, minocycline, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), pioglitazone, piracetam, pregnenolone, statins, varenicline, and withania somnifera extract. The results of aspirin [mean weighted effect size (ES): 0.30;n= 270; 95% CI (CI) 0.06–0.54], estrogens (ES: 0.78;n= 723; CI 0.36–1.19), minocycline (ES: 0.40;n= 946; CI 0.11–0.68), and NAC (ES: 1.00;n= 442; CI 0.60–1.41) were significant in meta-analysis of at least two studies. Subgroup analysis yielded larger positive effects for first-episode psychosis (FEP) or early-phase schizophrenia studies. Bexarotene, celecoxib, davunetide, dextromethorphan, fatty acids, pregnenolone, statins, and varenicline showed no significant effect.ConclusionsSome, but not all agents with anti-inflammatory properties showed efficacy. Effective agents were aspirin, estrogens, minocycline, and NAC. We observed greater beneficial results on symptom severity in FEP or early-phase schizophrenia.
Electron-Excited X-ray Microanalysis by Energy Dispersive Spectrometry at 50: Analytical Accuracy, Precision, Trace Sensitivity, and Quantitative Compositional Mapping
Authors: Newbury Dale E. , Ritchie Nicholas W.M. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract2018 marked the 50th anniversary of the introduction of energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) with semiconductor detectors to electron-excited X-ray microanalysis. Initially useful for qualitative analysis, EDS has developed into a fully quantitative analytical tool that can match wavelength dispersive spectrometry for accuracy in the determination of major (mass concentration C &gt; 0.1) and minor (0.01 ≤ C ≤ 0.1) constituents, and useful accuracy can extend well into the trace (0.001 &lt; C &lt; 0.01) constituent range even when severe peak interference occurs. Accurate analysis is possible for low atomic number elements (B, C, N, O, and F), and at low beam energy, which can optimize lateral and depth spatial resolution. By recording a full EDS spectrum at each picture element of a scan, comprehensive quantitative compositional mapping can also be performed.
VIRTUALLY FIBERING RIGHT-ANGLED COXETER GROUPS
Authors: Jankiewicz Kasia , Norin Sergey , Wise Daniel T. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe show that certain right-angled Coxeter groups have finite index subgroups that quotient to$\mathbb{Z}$with finitely generated kernels. The proof uses Bestvina–Brady Morse theory facilitated by combinatorial arguments. We describe a variety of examples where the plan succeeds or fails. Among the successful examples are the right-angled reflection groups in$\mathbb{H}^{4}$with fundamental domain the 120-cell or the 24-cell.
Regulating private medical institutions: a case study of China
Authors: Liu Ziyu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe expansion of privatisation in health care has been discussed extensively in most European countries and remains a hot topic nowadays. In China, privatisation results in considerable changes in its health care system, especially accelerating the ever-growing private medical institutions (PMIs). The rapid growth of PMIs raises the question of regulation for the Chinese government. Given the fact that few studies are available on the regulation of PMIs in China, I attempted to fill that gap by discussing the development of PMIs with a special focus on legal–regulatory strategies. After assessing current legal–regulatory strategies concerning PMIs, the paper identifies three major concerns regarding effective legal rules (i.e. weak coherence, inconsistency and legislative vacancy) and three difficult issues regarding government capacity (i.e. the negative effects of decentralised political structure, the low professionalism of bureaucrats and lack of reliability) that impede the well-functioning of regulatory agencies in China. As a plausible response, the paper recommends that the newly drafted basic health law should assign a separate chapter to regulate PMIs and also an independent regulatory body should be established to manage the issues of PMIs in China. Detailed recommendations are the practical implications of ICESCR General Comment No. 14.
Weed control efficacy and tolerance of Canaan fir to preemergence herbicides
Authors: Aulakh Jatinder S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPRE herbicides are the backbone of a successful weed management program in Christmas tree production. In a 2-yr field study, weed control efficacy and tolerance of newly transplanted Canaan fir to different PRE treatments were evaluated. Herbicide treatments consisted of two rates of each of atrazine plus mesotrione plus S-metolachlor at 561 + 150 + 1,504 and 1,122 + 300 + 3,008 g ai ha−1, flumioxazin at 214 and 429 g ai ha−1, hexazinone plus sulfometuron methyl at 289 + 27 and 480 + 46 g ai ha−1, indaziflam at 20 and 41 g ai ha−1, simazine plus oryzalin at 3,366 + 1,683 and 3,366 + 3,366 g ai ha−1, and a nontreated control. Averaged over 2 yr, all PRE treatments controlled giant foxtail, large crabgrass, and redroot pigweed at least 80% throughout the summer. Only the high rates of atrazine plus mesotrione plus S-metolachlor maintained >80% season-long control of yellow foxtail. Horseweed was controlled >85% with flumioxazin at both rates and at high rates of atrazine plus mesotrione plus S-metolachlor, hexazinone plus sulfometuron methyl, and indaziflam. The season-long PRE control of both red sorrel and wild carrot was maintained ≥80% with atrazine plus mesotrione plus S-metolachlor and hexazinone plus sulfometuron methyl regardless of application rate. By 16 wk after treatment, within-row densities of weeds evaluated in this study were reduced >75% in plots treated with atrazine plus mesotrione plus S-metolachlor at both application rates or hexazinone plus sulfometuron methyl at 480 + 46 g ai ha−1. Within-row weed densities in the nontreated control plots were 50, 32, 36, 25, 27, 31, and 19 plants m−2 for large crabgrass, giant foxtail, horseweed, redroot pigweed, red sorrel, wild carrot, and yellow foxtail, respectively. No discernible injury was observed in Canaan fir with any PRE treatment in both study years.
Weed community structure and soybean yields in a long-term organic cropping systems experiment
Authors: Ball Margaret G. , Caldwell Brian A. , DiTommaso Antonio , Drinkwater Laurie E. , Mohler Charles L. , Smith Richard G. , Ryan Matthew R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWeed management is a major challenge in organic crop production, and organic farms generally harbor larger weed populations and more diverse communities compared with conventional farms. However, little research has been conducted on the effects of different organic management practices on weed communities and crop yields. In 2014 and 2015, we measured weed community structure and soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] yield in a long-term experiment that compared four organic cropping systems that differed in nutrient inputs, tillage, and weed management intensity: (1) high fertility (HF), (2) low fertility (LF), (3) enhanced weed management (EWM), and (4) reduced tillage (RT). In addition, we created weed-free subplots within each system to assess the impact of weeds on soybean yield. Weed density was greater in the LF and RT systems compared with the EWM system, but weed biomass did not differ among systems. Weed species richness was greater in the RT system compared with the EWM system, and weed community composition differed between RT and other systems. Our results show that differences in weed community structure were primarily related to differences in tillage intensity, rather than nutrient inputs. Soybean yield was lower in the EWM system compared with the HF and RT systems. When averaged across all four cropping systems and both years, soybean yield in weed-free subplots was 10% greater than soybean yield in the ambient weed subplots that received standard management practices for the systems in which they were located. Although weed competition limited soybean yield across all systems, the EWM system, which had the lowest weed density, also had the lowest soybean yield. Future research should aim to overcome such trade-offs between weed control and yield potential, while conserving weed species richness and the ecosystem services associated with increased weed diversity.