bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between Parental Involvement in Pupils’ Educational Activities at School and their Academic Performance in Ainabkoi Sub-County, Kenya
Authors: Kaptich Petrolina , Kiplangat Henry Kiptiony , Munyua Jennifer 
Published: May 2019

Most public schools in Kenya post poor results amid claims that parents are not supportive of their children’s educational activities at school. While research has shown that parental involvement in primary schools is a significant contributor to the mental capacity, social and cognitive behaviour of students, public primary schools in Ainabkoi sub-county are yet to achieve. This paper draws our attention to a study that was conducted in the sub-county to investigate the relationship between parental involvement in pupils’ educational activities at school and their academic performance in public primary schools. This study was guided by Type 3 Epstein’s model of the six types of parent involvement as developed by Joyce Epstein. The study adopted ex-post facto research design and considered a target population of 2404 Class 8 pupils and 61 class teachers from which 331 Class eight pupils and 61 teachers were drawn using stratified random sampling and census approach, respectively. Questionnaire and interview schedule were used for data collection which was later analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics were analyzed in the form of percentages and means. Chi-square was used to test the hypotheses of the study. The found out that there was a positive and significant relationship between parental participation in educational activities at school(X<sup>2</sup>=22.619; p=0.001) and pupils’ academic performance in Ainakboi Sub County. Qualitative data were analyzed using a thematic framework. The study concluded that parental involvement in educational activities in school was positively related to academic performance. The study recommended that the government should sensitize parents on involvement in their children’s school activities through policy development to improve their academic performance.
A Case of Soft Tissue Ossifications
Authors: Arrigoni Paolo , Minen Alessandro 
Published: May 2019

Case:
A patient who had previously been diagnosed with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva was seen for hip pain and progressive soft tissue ossifications. Through a careful clinical examination, by which a subtype of brachydactyly was noted, the Albright hereditary osteodystrophy phenotype was recognized, and a new diagnosis of pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism was established. This paucisymptomatic condition often remains unidentified; however, its transmission can lead to more potentially serious diseases.

Conclusions:
A careful diagnostic process, including physical examination, is essential. Even if advanced tests exist, small clinical findings can lead to the proper conclusion. In our case, a finger pointed us in the right direction.
Clinical profile, in-hospital outcome and associated factors of stroke after the start of a standard organized stroke care unit at university of Gondar hospital, northwest Ethiopia.
Authors: Abdella Seid Getahun , Gebi Nebiyu Bekele , Gerffie Ermias Shenkutie , Tamirat Koku Sisay 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background: Epidemiological transitions and widespread risk factors made stroke common health problem in sub-Saharan countries in the early age. Stroke management largely depends on non-drug interventions. Stroke care units are facilities in hospitals which increased patient survival, return home, and regain independence in daily activities. This study was aimed to assess clinical profile, in-hospital outcome and its associated factors of stroke after the start of a standard organized stroke care unit in the study area. Method: An institution based cross-sectional study was employed from July 2015 to September 2017. A total of 151 stroke patients with computed tomography (CT) scan result were included in the study. Data were collected using structured questionnaire from secondary sources of patient medical records. In-hospital mortality and poor post-stroke disability (greater functional impairment, when Modified Rankin Scale score (mRS) ≥3) were outcome variables. Binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify predictor variables. Adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) used to assess the strength of association. Variables with p-value less than 0.05 in the multi-variable regression model was considered as significantly associated with the dependent variables. Result: Ischemic stroke (60.3%) subtype was the most common. The median age at presentation was 65 (IQR: 55-75) years. Hypertension (49.7%) and carotid atherosclerosis (54.7%) were the most commonly identified risk factors. Overall in-hospital mortality was 9.3% (95% CI: 5.2%-15.1%), poor post-stroke disability was 55.6% (95%CI: 47.3%-63.7%), and median length of hospital stay was 10 (IQR: 7-14) days. Being male (AOR=0.19, 95%CI: 0.038 0.97), longer in-hospital stays (AOR=0.21, 95%CI: 0.048 0.93) were significant predictors of in-hospital mortality. Furthermore increased ICP (AOR=2.81, 95%CI: 1.22 6.92) was also the predictor of poor post-stroke disability at discharge. Conclusion: Ischemic stroke was the most common stroke subtype. In-hospital mortality was relatively lower. However, greater functional impairment was high at discharge. Stroke morality was observed lower among male and longer in-hospital stay patients, while evidence of increased intracranial pressure was associated with poor post-stroke disability at discharge.
Unusual presentation of acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion in Miller–Dieker syndrome
Authors: Kobayashi Satoru , Kamishima Mai , Tago Akari , Yokoi Kyoko , Suzuki Satoshi 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background: Acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion (AESD) is a unique subtype of acute encephalopathy that occurs in children. To date, there is no description of a patient with concurrent Miller–Dieker syndrome (MDS) and AESD.
Case presentation: We present a case of 2-year-old girl with MDS, who was admitted for status epilepticus with a high fever, was diagnosed with AESD. She exhibited seizure for more than 1 h, which disappeared after administration of intravenous diazepam and phenobarbital. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), performed on the third day post-admission because she had not regained consciousness after the seizure ceased, showed abnormally high intensities in subcortical white matter, predominantly in the frontal areas on diffusion-weighted images (DWI). Acute encephalitis/encephalopathy was diagnosed based on electroencephalography (EEG) findings of diffuse high-voltage delta waves without seizure activity. Six days post-admission, frequent apneic episodes were observed, with oxygen desaturation due to clustered seizures. Although seizures disappeared with continuous intravenous midazolam, subclinical seizures were present in amplitude-integrated EEG (aEEG); these were suppressed by increasing the midazolam dose.
Conclusion: This is the first report of AESD in a patient with MDS. Ther disturbance of consciousness was difficult to recognize because of severe motor and intellectual disabilities due to MDS. EEG aids the evaluation of consciousness in the acute phase, and aEEG can be helpful for monitoring and controlling subclinical seizures in the biphasic phase of AESD, especially patients with underlying neurological disorders.
Admission Heart Rate Variability is Associated with Depression and Cognition in Patients with Acute Mild-Moderate Ischemic Stroke
Authors: he Lanying , Xu Ronghua , Wang Jian , Zhang Lili , Dong Weiwei , Yang Hao 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background

Stroke has been shown to cause cardiac autonomic dysfunction. Depression and cognitive impairment are common complications after acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The relationship between poststroke depression (PSD) and cognitive impairment (PCI) and heart rate variability(HRV) was unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the decreased HRV was related to PSD and PCI in patients with mild-moderate AIS.

Methods

Changes in HRV after AIS were assessed using the nonlinear fractal dimension (FD) method, and patients within 72 hours of AIS were included in the study. 476 patients were included in this study. All patients underwent mood tests, cognitive test at 3 months. Cognitive and mood state were assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the 15-item Stroke Specific Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), respectively. PSD was defined if GDS ≥5 and PSCI was defined if MoCA<26. We assessed the relationship between FD and PSD and PSCI at 3 months.

Results

50.84% (242/476) of patients had PSD, and 33.19% (158/476) of patients had PSCI. Compared with no PSD group, the lower NIHSS and FD value,and higher prevalence of FD≤1.05 were more likely in patients with PSD (P<0.05). Compared with no PSCI group, the higher prevalence of FD≤1.05 were more likely in patients with PSCI (P<0.05).In fully adjusted models, the FD ≤1.05 was significantly associated with PSD (adjusted OR, 3.31; 95%CI, 1.81–5.43; P=0.000),and PSCI (adjusted OR,1.88; 95%CI, 1.11–3.16; P=0.018).

Conclusions

These results suggested that FD≤1.05 after AIS could be used as an objective tool for early prediction of PSD and PSCI, providing guidance for the treatment of PSD and PCI, and improving the prognosis of patients.
Cavernous malformation hemorrhage due to trans-mural pressure alterations after cerebrospinal fluid diversion: a case report
Authors: Hartley Benjamin , Birnbaum Corinne , Hoffman Caitlin E 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background: Cavernous malformations are rare cerebral pseudo-vascular lesions with annualized bleeding rates of 0.5 – 3% in most studies. Of the various explored risk factors for bleeding to date, only prior hemorrhage has shown significant correlation.

Case Presentation: In this case, we describe a 65-year old man with a peri-ventricular atrial cavernous malformation that hemorrhaged after CSF diversion via ventriculoperitoneal shunting. Serial imaging showed that bleeding continued until the shunt was revised with a programmable valve set at maximum resistance with the addition of a gravitational unit, thereby lowering the trans-mural pressure differential across the cavernous malformation.

Conclusions: Given that other vascular lesions are subject to hemorrhage from alterations in trans-mural pressure dynamics, we hypothesize that cavernous malformations are similarly affected by trans-mural pressure gradients as they are composed of primitive vascular elements. This hypothesis is corroborated by the temporal correlation of interventions, imaging, and exam findings in the present case, and suggests a potentially important risk factor for hemorrhage in CM patients that affects prognostication and management.
Modifiable Risk Factors for Carotid Atherosclerosis: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Ji Xi , Leng Xin-Yi , Dong Yi , Ma Ya-Hui , Xu Wei , Hu Hao , Cao Xi-Peng , Hou Xiao-He , Tan Lan , Dong Qiang , Yu Jin-Tai 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background

Carotid atherosclerosis is a major cause of stroke, but the conclusion about risk factors for carotid atherosclerosis is still controversial. The aim of our present meta-analysis and systematic review was to explore the modifiable risk factors for carotid atherosclerosis.

Methods

We searched PubMed from January 1962 to October 2018 to include longitudinal and cross-sectional studies. The results were pooled using random effects model. Heterogeneity was measured by I2 statistic and publication bias was assessed by funnel plots.

Results

A total of 14,700 articles were screened, of which 76 with 27 factors were eligible. Our meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies indicated nine factors (hyperlipidemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, hypertension, hyperuricemia, smoking, metabolic syndrome, hypertriglyceridemia, diabetes, and higher low density lipoprotein) were significantly associated with the presence of carotid plaque, among which four (hyperlipidemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, hypertension, and hyperuricemia) could elevate the risk of atherosclerosis by at least 50%; and one factor (hypertension) was associated with increased carotid intima-media thickness. In the systematic review, another five factors (negative emotion, socioeconomic strain, alcohol, air pollution, and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS)) were also related to the presence of atherosclerosis. The cross-sectional associations with most of the above 14 factors were further confirmed by longitudinal studies. Among them, the managements of 4 factors (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes and OSAS) were indicated to prevent carotid atherosclerosis by cohort studies.

Conclusions

Effective interventions targeting pre-existing disease, negative emotion, lifestyle and diet may reduce the risk of carotid atherosclerosis. Further good-quality prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Operation results of reversible converters of AC electric locomotives VL80<sup>R</sup> on the Krasnoyarskaya Railway
Authors: Boginskiy S. A. , Semchenko V. V. 
Published: May 2019

The article presents information about faults of reversible converters (RC) of AC electric locomotives of the VL80R series, fixed at the maintenance points of locomotives and locomotive depots of the Krasnoyarskaya Railway for the period 2014 – 2018. Authors provide data on the number of semi-conductor switches, their main parameters and technical characteristics for two types of converters — RC-2200 and RC-4000 operating on VL80<sup>R</sup> electric locomotives. Their influence on the RC construction scheme is shown. Revealed the causes of failures of the RC in the operation of electric locomotives. The role of maintenance of RC in electric locomotive and its monitoring system in ensuring reliable operation is shown as well as the statistical data on the quantitative and qualitative assessment of the types of failures of the RC. The article also shows statistics of changes in the number of converters of each type during the operation of electric locomotives. Information is given on the number of all faulty RCs on VL80R electric locomotives and an analysis of faulty RC-2200 and RC-4000s for a specified time period. The data is presented on the number of RC-2200 and RC-4000 failures per million km of the VL80<sup>R</sup> electric locomotive in terms of one section. Authors carried out analysis of statistics of this type of failure of the RC with reach-through breakdown of the shoulder. Information is given on the number of RCs with the reach-through breakdown of RC shoulders per million km of VL80R electric locomotives. It was concluded that for the period from 2014 to 2018, the number of failing RCs due to dangerous shoulder punctures decreased significantly, which led to a significant reduction in the number of failures of electric locomotives due to this failure. So, for RC-4000 this decrease occurred 5.75 times, and for RC-2200 2.4 times. In addition, the reason for a more significant reduction in the number of failures of electric locomotives with RC-4000 due to its faulty, is that RC-4000 is more modern and contains much fewer semi-conductor switches and additional elements. This increases the reliability of the RC. Thus, the replacement of obsolete RC-2200 with modern RC-4000 provided a reduction in the total number of faults of all RC in 2.3 times; decrease in the number of cases of RC failures per million km of a locomotive in 4 times.
Modelling car motion and the calculation of the wear of wheels with the VNITsTT rolling surface profile
Authors: Orlova A. M. , Savushkina Yu. V. , Fedorova V. I. 
Published: May 2019

The wear problem of wheels along rolling surface or thin flange is currently involved a large circle of specialists. There are opinions that it is necessary to establish new limit values for wheel wear in operation, put into practice the re-profiling (profile grin ding) of rails, install a larger number of floor-mounted lubricators in places of increased rail wear intensity, but one of the priority direction in this area is the development of a new surface rolling wheel profile for freight cars, the use of which will help to increase the turnaround time and increase the service life of the wheels in operation. Geometry of the rolling surface profile of the wheel should allow to provide a contact form between the wheel and the rail conformal or close to conformal. This solution has already found its application and achieved desired results on foreign railways (North America, South Africa, China, etc.). Authors developed a technique for designing a new wheel profile, which was used to build a profile of the rolling surface made by the Russian Research Center for Transport Technologies (LLC “VNITsTT”). As part of the study, calculations were carried out using the method of mathematical modeling of a freight car motion in the MEDYNA software package and performance indicators were evaluated on the VNITsTT rolling surface profile in comparison with the profile made according to GOST 10791 – 2011, and the wheel wear rate produced on the section of the track close to the average network operating conditions. Additionally, critical speed of the sinuous motion of the car was evaluated, which showed that despite the increased equivalent taper, the critical speed remained almost unchanged (an increase of 6 %). Theoretical calculation of the wheel resource based on the results of mathematical modeling has been made. According to the calculations, it was determined that the resource of the flange before turning for the RDCTT profile is 409.3 thousand km, and for the rolling surface — 663.3 thousand km, for the profile made according to GOST 10791 – 2011, the resource for the flange was 285.6 thousand km, and for the rolling surface 401.2 thousand km. Thus, the use of the VNITsTT profile is more effective than the profile made according to GOST 10791 – 2011 by 30.2 % for the flange and 39.5 % for the rolling surface. The developed VNITsTT profile, in comparison with the profile made by GOST 10791 – 2011, according to the results of calculations, confirmed the provision of standard indicators of the dynamic qualities of a freight car.
ADDITIVES TO BITUMENS
Authors: Belova N. A. , Korotovenko L. P. , Strakhova N. A. 
Published: May 2019

Objectives.Improving the quality of road bitumen is currently particularly relevant, since allows you to extend the life of road asphalt coatings with the ever-increasing fleet of cars. The main task of research was to study the effect of used oils on the process of structure formation of oxidized bitumen.Method.The introduction of additives of different nature, i.e. its modification, both itself and raw materials, is one of the main ways to improve the physicomechanical properties of bitumens. Introduction to bitumen of small additives containing carboxyl groups, hydroxy acids and resin acids allows one to control not only the adhesion properties of bitumens, but also to ensure the stability of the asphalt concrete mixture at high temperatures. As components of a polyfunctional modifier, to improve the physicochemical and physicomechanical properties of bitumen and their asphalt concrete, the following distilled talovoe oil TU 13-00281074-26-95, petaerythritol GOST 9286-76 and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer are proposed. -97.Result.A technology has been developed to draw used oils into tars in order to obtain high-quality road bitumen grades BND 60/90 and to investigate the qualitative characteristics of bitumen raw materials, used synthetic and mineral oils and bitumen. Waste oils with deter-gent - dispersant additive CPD (colloidal dispersion of calcium carbonate in oil M-14 stabilized with calcium sulfonate, used in the preparation of motor fuels) can be used in the composition of the residual raw materials of refining processes as an activating additive.Conclusion.Improvement of the physicomechanical properties of high-quality bitumen is possible by complex modification with various additives, which allows creating conditions for the long-term operation of pavements under the influence of modern traffic loads and adverse weather conditions. In order to obtain modified bitumen of improved quality, selection of modifying additives and the technology for their preparation are required.
FREE LONGITUDINAL VIBRATIONS OF A VERTICAL ROD WITH DISCRETE MASSES WITH DAMPING FORCES
Authors: Kulterbaev H. P. , Abdul-Salam I. M. , Payzulaev M. M. 
Published: May 2019

Objectives. The longitudinal oscillations of a vertical rod of a continually discrete system with kinematic seismic disturbances in the form of a stationary random process are considered.Method. A method for determining the variance of the output process of displacements, using the representation of the input random process as a sum of harmonic deterministic perturbations, is proposed and implemented.Result. The dependence function of the dispersion of displacements on the longitudinal coordinate is determined. Longitudinal vibrations of vertical rods near the epicenter of earthquakes are dangerous for their strength and stability. The methods of finite differences and coordinate descent allow you to create universal algorithms and computer programs that easily solve complex spectral problems.Conclusion. To date, research on random vibrations of buildings and structures, as well as regulatory documents, has been devoted to horizontal seismic effects and transverse bending vibrations caused by them. Examples indicate the need to expand the scope of research with the inclusion of other types of vibrations: combinations of longitudinal with transverse, angular, torsional, parametric, etc. This design can be easily adapted to vibrations of rods of variable cross section, to vibrations of continually discrete rods.
CALIBRATION OF ULTRASONIC FLOWMETER FOR WI-FI NETWORK WITH THE HELP OF WEB BROWSER
Authors: Velichko M. A. , Gladkikh Yu. P. , Satler O. N. 
Published: May 2019

Objectives. The purpose of the work was to change the method of signal transmission containing metrological information from industrial time-pulse ultrasonic gas flow meter to a compu-ting device (CD). It was planned to expand the range of devices serving as gas flow calculators. A hardware-software complex (HSC) for automatic calibration / verification of ultrasonic flowmeters was to be developed. This HSC should work equally well on different operating systems. The information exchange between the CD and the flowmeter was to be carried out wirelessly.Method. The Wi-Fi Pro-tocol was used as a wireless Protocol. The energy-efficient ESP8266 controller was chosen as micro-controller to provide the functionality of Wi-Fi. The ESP8266 board acted as a Wi-Fi access point on the network to which CD was connected for data exchange. The ESP8266 microcontroller also served as a HTTP server. Exchange of metrological and other information was carried out by GET-requests. Given the need for continuous flow measurements and simultaneous communication between the user and the flow meter, requests to the server were transmitted using AJAX technology. The software part of the APK consisted of 3 programs: a program that measured the flow and transmitted the information further to the ESP8266 microcontroller, a server program recorded in ESP8266, providing a response to the requests of CD users, and the client program installed on the CD. The article discusses the key points of the HSC.Result. As a result of this work, the HSC was processed for calibration/verification of ultrasonic gas flow meters. For the first time this process for industrial flow meters was implemented using the ESP8266Wi-Fi controller as an access point. As a WU, it became possible to use any desktop or laptop computer or mobile device with a modern browser.Conclusion. The method proposed in the paper significantly simplified the data exchange between the VU and the flowmeter, reduced the cost of software development due to the common approach for different operating systems.