bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in adherence to physical activity guidelines from 1997 to 2018 among adults with obesity: An analysis from the US National Health Interview Survey
Authors: López‐Gil José Francisco , Calatayud Joaquín , López‐Bueno Rubén 
Published: November 2024

SummaryThe aim of this study was to estimate the temporal trends in adherence rates to the physical activity (PA) guidelines for aerobic and muscle‐strengthening activities (MSA) among United States (US) adults with obesity. We retrieved data from 22 consecutive rounds of the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) conducted between 1997 and 2018. Meeting with the PA guidelines recommended by the World Health Organization was determined as follows: individuals achieving ≥150 weekly minutes of moderate physical activity (MPA), ≥75 weekly minutes of vigorous physical activity (VPA), and ≥2 weekly MSA training sessions. The prevalence of meeting PA guidelines increased from 9.4% in 1997 to 15.0% in 2018, although less than 2 in 10 adults with obesity met the guidelines throughout the study period. Overall, compared to females, males with obesity were more likely to adhere to PA recommendations (odds ratio (OR) = 2.03 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.94 to 2.12]). Also, each age year significantly reduced the odds of adhering to PA recommendations overall (OR = 0.97 [95% CI, 0.97 to 0.98]). Compared with their White counterparts, Black and other races people with obesity have higher significant odds of adhering to PA recommendations with, respectively, OR = 1.18 (95% CI, 1.12 to 1.24) and OR = 1.30 (95% CI, 1.18 to 1.43). In representative samples of adults with obesity from the US, there was an increasing trend for meeting PA guidelines, although only less than 2 in 10 met them.
Light‐based manipulation of visual processing speed during soccer‐specific training has a positive impact on visual and visuomotor abilities in professional soccer players
Authors: Rodrigues Patricia , Woodburn Jack , Bond Alexander John , Stockman Andrew , Vera Jesús 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study was aimed at assessing the effects of a 6‐week intervention within a training environment that uses special lighting conditions targeted to slow down the visual processing speed of visual and visuomotor performance in professional soccer players. Twenty‐four soccer players (age = 21.8 ± 4.8 years, 50% women) from the under 18 and under 23 men's teams, and 1st Women's team of the Sunderland Association Football Club participated in this study. Participants were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups, with the intervention group performing 2‐weekly 30‐min sessions of specific soccer tasks with specific lighting conditions using the Okkulo system (Okkulo™, okkulo.com), whereas the control group performed the same training under normal lighting conditions. The intervention group showed significant improvements in dynamic visual acuity (p < 0.001), recognition time (p = 0.002), sensory reaction time (p < 0.001), motor reaction time (p = 0.002) and peripheral identification accuracy (p < 0.001), whereas no significant effects were obtained for stereopsis (p = 0.05), peripheral identification speed (p = 0.17) and anticipation (p = 0.22). In conclusion, a 6‐week training intervention using the Okkulo system improved several visual and visuomotor skills in professional soccer players. Future studies will assess the transfer effects of using this technology to on‐field performance.
Sex‐Differences in Characteristics and Factors Associated With New Running‐Related Injuries Among Recreational Runners
Authors: van Hoek Joeri P. K. D. , Cloosterman Kyra L. A. , de Vos Robert‐Jan , van Middelkoop Marienke 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTPrevious findings of sex‐differences in type, location, consequences, and risk factors of running‐related injuries (RRIs) are contradictory. We aim to clarify these potential sex‐differences. This cohort study analyzed prospective RRIs among recreational runners participating in running events (5–42 km) by combining data of two RCTs, including all intervention arms. Participants received a baseline questionnaire at registration and three follow‐up questionnaires (before and up to 1 month after the event) detailing runners characteristics, injury characteristics (location, type [muscle and tendon], joint injury, etc.), and consequences (medication use, pain scores [0–10]). A predetermined injury definition was used to register RRIs. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and univariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis of risk factors for a new RRI (demographics, training characteristics, event distance, and RRI‐history), using separate models per sex. We analyzed 6428 participants with an average follow‐up time of 4.8 months, 82% finished at least one follow‐up questionnaire. During follow‐up, 2133 (33%) participants (33% men, 34% women) suffered one or more RRIs. We found no sex‐differences in injury location and type of injury. Men used less medication (13% vs. 15%, p = 0.01) and had lower pain scores while running (4.2 [SD2.9] vs. 4.5 [SD 2.8], p = 0.04) compared to women. A history of RRIs was associated with a new RRI in both men (OR 1.9 [95% CI: 1.6–2.2]) and women (OR 1.7 [95% CI: 1.4–2.0]). No relevant sex‐differences were found between middle‐aged runners. Our findings do not support accounting for sex‐specific factors, specifically with regard to training characteristics, injury history, or injury consequences, in the development of personalized RRI risk reduction.Trial Registration: The INSPIRE trial (NTR5998) and SPRINT study (NL7694) were prospectively registered in the Dutch Trial Register
Cusps of caustics by reflection in ellipses
Authors: Bor Gil , Spivakovsky Mark , Tabachnikov Serge 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the billiard version of Jacobi's last geometric statement and its generalizations. Given a non‐focal point inside an elliptic billiard table, one considers the family of rays emanating from and the caustic of the reflected family after reflections off the ellipse, for each positive integer . It is known that has at least four cusps and it has been conjectured that it has exactly four (ordinary) cusps. The present paper presents a proof of this conjecture in the special case when the ellipse is a circle. In the case of an arbitrary ellipse, we give an explicit description of the location of four of the cusps of , though we do not prove that these are the only cusps.
Cavitation Behavior in Sewage Pumps
Authors: Mekhael Samer , Thamsen Paul Uwe 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Cavitation phenomena in water pumps are well known and several standards are available for measurement and investigation. However, for sewage pumps, only a few pieces of information are available. Due to their design with a low number of blades, large channel width, and large gaps (vortex pump), the onset and development of cavitation are unique. Cavitation behavior was explored on three distinct wastewater impellers: vortex, one and two-channel impeller, which were replaced in the same volute casing. The target of this paper is to give a wide overview of the cavitation behavior in sewage pumps. Therefore, the formation of cavitation inside each pump and its correlation with the Net Positive Suction (Head NPSH) values have been studied.
For this purpose, an experimental setup has been developed to investigate the three different sewage pumps. The system is supported with a visual inspection combination for the detection of cavitation bubbles once they start to form. In addition to classical NPSH3% measurements, the impellers used in the study had specially prepared mesh lines over the blades to facilitate cavitation bubble size analysis. Disparities between NPSHic and NPSH3% were found. Damage spots on the blades of the impellers were linked to the occurrence of various cavitation types, including cloud and sheet cavitation.
Complete genome sequences of the prosthecate dimorphic bacteria
Brevundimonas intermedia
CB63
T
and
Brevundimonas staleyi
FWC43
T
Authors: Hallgren Joel , Daneby Fredrik , Jonas Kristina 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the complete genome sequences of the dimorphic prosthecate bacterial species type strains
Brevundimonas intermedia
CB63
T
and
Brevundimonas staleyi
FWC43
T
, isolated from pond water and wastewater, respectively.
B. intermedia
CB63
T
contains a chromosome of 3.60 Mb, and
B. staleyi
FWC43
T
contains a chromosome of 3.97 Mb and a 157-kb plasmid.
Cigarette smoke-induced disordered microbiota aggravates the severity of influenza A virus infection
Authors: Wüthrich Tsering , de Brot Simone , Richina Veronica , Mostacci Nadja , Baumann Zora , Leborgne Nathan G. F. , Godel Aurélie , Alves Marco P. , Bentires-Alj Mohamed , Benarafa Charaf , Hilty Markus 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Cigarette smoke (CS) promotes the development of chronic pulmonary disease and has been associated with increased risk for influenza-related illness. Here, we directly addressed the impact of CS disordered microbiota on the severity of influenza A virus (IAV) infection. Specific and opportunistic pathogen-free (SOPF) C57BL/6J mice were exposed to CS or room air (RA) for 5.5 months. Each exposed mouse was then cohoused with a group of recipient germ-free (GF) mice for 1 month for microbial transfer. Colonized GF mice were then infected intranasally with IAV and disease development was monitored. Upper and lower airway and fecal microbiota were longitudinally investigated by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and bacterial cultures in donor and recipient mice. The bacterial family
Streptococcaceae
accounted for the largest difference between CS- and RA-exposed microbiota in the oropharynx. Analysis of the oropharynx and fecal microbiota indicated an efficient transfer to coprophagic recipient mice, which replicated the differences in microbiota composition observed in donor mice. Subsequent IAV infection revealed significantly higher weight loss for CS microbiota recipient mice at 8–10 days post infection (dpi) compared to control recipient mice. In addition, H1N1 infection inflicted substantial changes in the microbiota composition, especially at days 4 and 8 after infection. In conclusion, mice with a CS-associated microbiota suffer from higher disease severity upon IAV infection compared to mice colonized with a normal SOPF microbiota. Our data suggest that independently of CS exposure and concomitant structural lung damage, microbial distortion due to CS exposure may impact the severity of IAV disease course.

IMPORTANCE
It has been reported that chronic exposure to CS is associated with a disordered microbiota composition. In this study, we colonized germ-free (GF) mice with the microbiota from SOPF mice which were chronically exposed to CS or RA. This allowed disentangling the effect of the disordered microbiota from the immune-modulating effects of actual CS exposure. We observed a successful transfer of the microbiotas after cohousing including specific microbiota differences induced by CS exposure in formerly GF mice, which were never exposed to CS. We then investigated the effects of IAV infection on the disease course and microbiotas of formerly GF mice. We found that mice with CS-associated microbiota reveal worse disease course compared to the control group. We hypothesize that CS-induced disordering of the microbiota may, indeed, impact the severity of influenza A disease.
Deep learning enabled integration of tumor microenvironment microbial profiles and host gene expressions for interpretable survival subtyping in diverse types of cancers
Authors: Zhang Haohong , Xiong Xinghao , Cheng Mingyue , Ji Lei , Ning Kang 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

The tumor microbiome, a complex community of microbes found in tumors, has been found to be linked to cancer development, progression, and treatment outcome. However, it remains a bottleneck in distangling the relationship between the tumor microbiome and host gene expressions in tumor microenvironment, as well as their concert effects on patient survival. In this study, we aimed to decode this complex relationship by developing ASD-cancer (autoencoder-based subtypes detector for cancer), a semi-supervised deep learning framework that could extract survival-related features from tumor microbiome and transcriptome data, and identify patients’ survival subtypes. By using tissue samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas database, we identified two statistically distinct survival subtypes across all 20 types of cancer Our framework provided improved risk stratification (e.g., for liver hepatocellular carcinoma, [LIHC], log-rank test,
P
= 8.12E−6) compared to PCA (e.g., for LIHC, log-rank test,
P
= 0.87), predicted survival subtypes accurately, and identified biomarkers for survival subtypes. Additionally, we identified potential interactions between microbes and host genes that may play roles in survival. For instance, in LIHC,
Arcobacter
,
Methylocella
, and
Isoptericola
may regulate host survival through interactions with host genes enriched in the HIF-1 signaling pathway, indicating these species as potential therapy targets. Further experiments on validation data sets have also supported these patterns. Collectively, ASD-cancer has enabled accurate survival subtyping and biomarker discovery, which could facilitate personalized treatment for broad-spectrum types of cancers.

IMPORTANCE
Unraveling the intricate relationship between the tumor microbiome, host gene expressions, and their collective impact on cancer outcomes is paramount for advancing personalized treatment strategies. Our study introduces ASD-cancer, a cutting-edge autoencoder-based subtype detector. ASD-cancer decodes the complexities within the tumor microenvironment, successfully identifying distinct survival subtypes across 20 cancer types. Its superior risk stratification, demonstrated by significant improvements over traditional methods like principal component analysis, holds promise for refining patient prognosis. Accurate survival subtype predictions, biomarker discovery, and insights into microbe-host gene interactions elevate ASD-cancer as a powerful tool for advancing precision medicine. These findings not only contribute to a deeper understanding of the tumor microenvironment but also open avenues for personalized interventions across diverse cancer types, underscoring the transformative potential of ASD-cancer in shaping the future of cancer care.
Development of
ptxD
/Phi as a new dominant selection system for genetic manipulation in
Cryptococcus neoformans
Authors: Khongthongdam Muthita , Phetruen Tanaporn , Chanarat Sittinan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Cryptococcus neoformans
is a globally distributed pathogenic fungus posing a significant threat to immunocompromised individuals, particularly those with HIV/AIDS. Effective genetic manipulation tools are essential for understanding its biology and developing new therapies. However, current genetic tools, including the variation of versatile selectable markers, are limited. This study develops and validates the phosphite dehydrogenase gene (
ptxD
)/phosphite (Phi) selection system as a non-antibiotic selectable marker for genetic manipulation in
C. neoformans
. A codon-optimized
ptxD
gene from
Pseudomonas stutzeri
was cloned under the
TEF
promoter. Using the transient CRISPR-Cas9 coupled with electroporation system, we integrated the
ptxD
gene into the
C. neoformans
genome and assessed the impact of
ptxD
integration on cell growth and virulence factors. The
ptxD
/Phi system effectively selected transformed cells on Phi-containing media. Growth assays showed that
ptxD
integration did not adversely affect cell growth or key virulence factors, including pleomorphism, capsule size, and melanin production. Additionally, we successfully disrupted the
ADE2
gene using this system, confirming its applicability for gene deletion. Taken together, the
ptxD
/Phi system provides a robust and versatile tool for genetic manipulation in
C. neoformans
, facilitating further research into its biology and pathogenicity.

IMPORTANCE

Cryptococcus neoformans
is a type of fungus that can cause serious illnesses in people who have weakened immune systems, like those with HIV/AIDS. To better study this fungus and find new treatments, scientists need tools to change its genes in precise ways. However, the current tools available for this are somewhat limited. This research introduces a new tool called the phosphite dehydrogenase gene/phosphite system, which does not rely on antibiotics to work. It uses a gene from a different bacterium that helps select and grow only the fungus cells that have successfully incorporated new genetic information. This is particularly useful because it does not interfere with the normal growth of the fungus or the features that make it harmful (like its ability to change shape or produce protective coatings). By making it easier and more effective to manipulate the genetics of
C. neoformans
, this tool opens up new possibilities for understanding how this fungus operates and for developing therapies to combat its infections. This is crucial for improving the treatment of infections in vulnerable populations.
Association of cardiorespiratory fitness with dementia risk across different levels of genetic predisposition: a large community-based longitudinal study
Authors: Wang Shuqi , Xu Liyao , Yang Wenzhe , Wang Jiao , Dove Abigail , Qi Xiuying , Xu Weili 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the association of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) with cognitive function and dementia risk, taking genetic predisposition for dementia into account.MethodsWithin the UK Biobank, 61 214 dementia-free participants aged 39–70 years were followed for up to 12 years. CRF score was estimated using a 6 min submaximal exercise test on a stationary bike and divided into tertiles (ie, low, moderate, and high; standardised by age and sex). Global cognitive function was evaluated at baseline. Dementia was identified based on medical history and medical records. Genetic predisposition for dementia was estimated using the polygenic risk score for Alzheimer’s disease (PRSAD), tertiled as low, moderate, or high. Data were analysed using linear regression, Poisson regression, and Laplace regression.ResultsCompared with low CRF, high CRF was related to better global cognitive function (β=0.05, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.07). Over the follow-up period, 553 individuals developed dementia. Compared with low CRF, the incidence rate ratio (IRR) of all dementia was 0.60 (95% CI 0.48 to 0.76) for high CRF, and the onset of all dementia was delayed by 1.48 (95% CI 0.58 to 2.39) years among people with high versus low CRF. Among people with a moderate/high polygenic risk score, high CRF attenuated all dementia risk by 35% (IRR 0.65, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.83).ConclusionHigh CRF is associated with better cognitive performance at baseline, and lower dementia risk long-term. High CRF could mitigate the impact of genetic predisposition on the development of dementia by 35%.
Readiness of primary healthcare and community markets for joint delivery of cardiovascular disease prevention services in Kenya: an observational feasibility study of Health Kiosks in Markets (HEKIMA)
Authors: Kaduka Lydia , Olale Joanna , Mutai Joseph , Christelle Elia , Mbuka Jaymima , Ochieng Rodgers , Oyugi Boniface , Oduor Chrispine , O’Keeffe Majella , Boulding Harriet , Murdoch Jamie , Parmar Divya , Kokwaro Gilbert , Ogola Elijah , Cruickshank John Kennedy , Muniu Erastus , Harding Seeromanie 
Published: November 2024

ObjectivesThe increasing burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in Kenya threatens its healthcare system. There is a need for innovative models that improve equitable access to CVD prevention services. Community markets are social establishments with untapped potential to promote public health. This is a multiphased feasibility study that explores the potential of Health Kiosks in Markets (HEKIMA) to improve access to CVD prevention services. In this formative phase, the aim was to assess the readiness of primary healthcare centres (HCs) and community markets to jointly deliver CVD prevention services.DesignMixed methods using concept mapping and readiness surveys. Concept mapping with 35 stakeholders from different sectors (health and non-health) to identify feasible priorities for HEKIMA. The readiness questionnaire contained 193 items which were based on the guidance of the WHO Handbook for Monitoring the Building Blocks of Health Systems and adapted to suit the context of a single HC.SettingVihiga County is located in western Kenya and has a population of 590 013. A total of 18 HCs and 19 markets were assessed, with 10 HCs and 15 markets included in the evaluation.Results91 statements were generated from concept mapping and distilled into 8 clusters, namely equipment and supplies, access and referral, communication, manpower, networks and linkages, practice, service delivery and health promotion. Agreed actions for HEKIMA were provision of efficient quality services, health promotion and partnerships sensitive to the local context. HCs and markets had established governance systems and basic infrastructure. The majority of the HCs lacked essential CVD medications. No HC–market interface existed but there was willingness for a partnership.ConclusionThere was strong consensus that an HC–market interface via community health worker manned kiosks could have a positive impact on health systems, markets and CVD prevention in vulnerable communities. However, significant infrastructural, technical and resource gaps were observed that need to be addressed.