bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resonant Edge‐State Switching in Polariton Topological Insulators
Authors: Zhang Yiqi , Kartashov Yaroslav V. , Zhang Yanpeng , Torner Lluis , Skryabin Dmitry V. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTopological insulators are unique devices supporting unidirectional edge states at their interfaces. Due to topological protection, such edge states persist in the presence of disorder and do not experience backscattering upon interaction with defects. Despite the topological protection and the fact that such states at the opposite edges of an insulator carry opposite currents, a physical mechanism exists allowing topological excitations propagating at opposite edges to be resonantly coupled. Such a mechanism uses weak periodic temporal modulations of the system parameters and does not affect the internal symmetry and topology of the system. This mechanism is illustrated in truncated honeycomb arrays of microcavity pillars, where topological insulation is possible for polaritons under the combined action of spin–orbit coupling and Zeeman splitting in the external magnetic field. The temporal modulation of the potential leads to a periodic switching between topological states with the same Bloch momentum, but located at the opposite edges. The switching rate is found to increase for narrower ribbon structures and for larger modulation depth, though it is changing nonmonotonically with the Bloch momentum of the input edge state. These results provide a promising realization of a coupling device based on topologically protected states.
Superhydrophobic Coatings for Improved Performance of Electrical Insulators
Authors: Vallabhuneni Sravanthi , Movafaghi Sanli , Wang Wei , Kota Arun K. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDielectric strength of electrical insulators is adversely affected by both wet conditions and surface roughness due to accelerated dielectric breakdown. While textured superhydrophobic coatings (i.e., coatings that are extremely repellent to water) can prevent the accumulation of water and help retain the dielectric strength of insulators under wet conditions, it is unclear whether or not the presence of texture (i.e., surface roughness) allows the retention of the dielectric strength of insulators. In this work, through a series of systematic experiments and analysis, it is concluded that porous superhydrophobic coatings rather than rough monolithic superhydrophobic surfaces allow the retention of dielectric strength of insulators under wet conditions in spite of the surface roughness. The insights from this work can enable the design of electrical insulators with improved performance and increased longevity.
Effect of Home Enteral Nutrition on Diabetes and Its Management
Authors: Vallumsetla Nishanth , Epp Lisa , Hurt Ryan T. , Mundi Manpreet S. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes mellitus (DM) is estimated to affect 9% of Americans and is associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and increased healthcare costs.MethodsA retrospective review of a home enteral nutrition (HEN) database of patients seen between March 1, 2004, and April 31, 2014, at our institution was conducted to identify HEN patients who had a diagnosis of DM or were diagnosed within the acute period (4 months) of starting HEN therapy.Results174 (3.7%) of 4682 patients in the HEN program had DM. HEN was provided through a gastrostomy tube in 82 patients and through a jejunostomy tube in 92 patients. At 3 months, data were available for 42 gastrostomy patients; 44% had a change in DM management, with 60% undergoing a change to insulin. Similarly, 34 patients with jejunostomy had data available, with 41% undergoing change in medication and 93% being changed to insulin therapy. For patients with available glycated hemogloblin values, at 3 months the gastrostomy patients noted a decrease of 0.5% (7.3% ± 1.1% to 6.8% ± 0.7%, not significant) and the jejunostomy patients noted a decrease of 0.4% (6.9% ± 0.9% to 6.5% ± 1.1%, P = .06). Conclusions: Overall, our results suggest that closer follow‐up and laboratory assessment are necessary for management of HEN patients with DM. In those with data available, glycemic control can be maintained in patients receiving HEN with appropriate adjustment of DM management and focus on ensuring that patients are not overfed.
Neonatal Extracorporeal Life Support: A Review of Nutrition Considerations
Authors: Murphy Heidi J. , Finch Carolyn W. , Taylor Sarah N. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCritically ill neonates who require extracorporeal life support have particular nutrition needs. These infants require prescription of aggressive, early nutrition support by knowledge providers. Understanding the unique metabolic demands and nutrition requirements of these fragile patients is paramount, particularly if additional therapies such as aggressive diuretic regimens or continuous renal replacement therapy are used concurrently. Although the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition has published guidelines for this population, a review of each nutrition component is warranted because few studies exist specific to this population. Long‐term complications in survivors of neonatal extracorporeal life support, particularly in patients with select diagnoses such as congenital diaphragmatic hernia, can be significant and must be recognized and anticipated. This review focuses on recognizing the nutrition needs of neonatal patients requiring extracorporeal life support, appraising the available data to guide selection of an appropriate mode of nutrition delivery, and describing the anticipated long‐term nutrition implications of extracorporeal life support provision during the neonatal period.
Multigrid for model reduction of power grid networks
Authors: Lee B. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThis paper presents a method for determining the relevant buses for reduced models of power grid networks described by systems of differential‐algebraic equations and for constructing the coarse‐grain dynamical power grid systems. To determine these buses, time integration of differential equations is not needed, but rather, a stationary system is analyzed. However, unlike stationary‐system approaches that determine only coarse generator buses by approximating the coherency of the generators, the proposed method analyzes the graph Laplacian associated with the admittance matrix. The buses for the reduced model are chosen to ensure that the graph Laplacian of the reduced model is an accurate approximation to the graph Laplacian of the full system. Both load and generator buses can be selected by this procedure since the Laplacian is defined on all the buses. The basis of this proposed approach lies in the close relationship between the synchrony of the system and the spectral properties of this Laplacian, that is, conditions on the spectrum of this Laplacian that almost surely guarantee the synchrony of the system. Thus, assuming that the full system is in synchrony, our strategy is to coarsen the full‐system Laplacian such that the coarse Laplacian possesses good approximation to these spectral conditions. Accurate approximation to these conditions then can better lead to synchronous reduced models. The coarsened Laplacian is defined on coarse degrees of freedom (DOFs), which are associated with the relevant buses to include in the reduced model. To realize this coarse DOF selection, we use multigrid coarsening techniques based on compatible relaxation. Multigrid is the natural choice since it has been extensively used to coarsen Laplacians arising from discretizations of elliptic partial differential equations and is actively being extended to graph Laplacians. With the selection of the buses for the reduced model, the reduced model is completed by constructing the coarse admittance matrix values and other physical parameters using standard power grid techniques or by using the intergrid operators constructed in the coarse DOFs selection process. Unfortunately, the selection of the coarse buses and the coarsening of the admittance matrix and physical parameters are not sufficient by themselves to produce a stable reduced system. To achieve a stable system, system structures of the fine‐grain model must be preserved in the reduced model. We analyze this to develop a multigrid methodology for constructing stable reduced models of power grid systems. Numerical examples are presented to validate this methodology.
Over 50 % 1H and 13C Polarization for Generating Hyperpolarized Metabolites—A para‐Hydrogen Approach
Authors: Korchak Sergey , Mamone Salvatore , Glöggler Stefan 
Published: July 2018

Abstractpara‐Hydrogen‐induced polarization (PHIP) is a method to rapidly generate hyperpolarized compounds, enhancing the signal of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments by several thousand‐fold. The hyperpolarization of metabolites and their use as contrast agents in vivo is an emerging diagnostic technique. High degrees of polarization and extended polarization lifetime are necessary requirements for the detection of metabolites in vivo. Here, we present pulsed NMR methods for obtaining hyperpolarized magnetization in two metabolites. We demonstrate that the hydrogenation with para‐hydrogen of perdeuterated vinyl acetate allows us to create hyperpolarized ethyl acetate with close to 60 % 1H two‐spin order. With nearly 100 % efficiency, this order can either be transferred to 1H in‐phase magnetization or 13C magnetization of the carbonyl function. Close to 60 % polarization is experimentally verified for both nuclei. Cleavage of the ethyl acetate precursor in a 20 s reaction yields ethanol with approximately 27 % 1H polarization and acetate with around 20 % 13C polarization. This development will open new opportunities to generate metabolic contrast agents in less than one minute.
Synthesis of silica/PAA NPs via combining RAFT polymerization and thiol‐ene click reaction and postpolymerization modifications with arsenazo (III)
Authors: Ettehadi Gargari Jafar , Sid Kalal Hossein , Niknafs Danial , Khanchi Alireza 
Published: July 2018

Silica/poly(acrylic acid)/arsenazo core‐shell nanoparticles were synthesized by reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization combined with thiol‐ene grafting method. Thiol‐terminated poly(acrylic acid) (PAA‐SH) was prepared by RAFT polymerization of the acrylic acid using azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator. The molecular weight and structure of this polymer were characterized by gel permeation chromatography and Fourier transform infrared. Methacrylate‐functionalized silica nanoparticles (MPS‐silica NPs) were prepared by the functionalization of silica nanoparticles with 3‐(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate in dried toluene. PAA‐SH was coupled to MPS‐silica NPs by click reaction in the presence of AIBN. The chemical nature and structure of product were characterized by a multitechnique approach. The prepared particles consist of silica cores, about 45 nm in size, surrounded by stable PAA shells. Furthermore, after conversion of arsenazo (III) to arsenazoNH2, it was successfully clicked on the surface of PAA shell. It is realized that the postpolymerization kinetics can be tuned by several parameters such as the temperature of reaction medium and concentration of arsenazoNH2. These nanoparticles could be useful in sensor and indicator applications due to the interesting properties that arsenazo has against specific metal ions. Furthermore, the described results give new insights in the synthesis and characterization of silica polymer core‐shell nanoparticles.
Comparative out‐of‐hospital mortality of long‐acting opioids prescribed for non‐cancer pain: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Chung Cecilia P. , Dupont William D. , Murray Katherine T. , Hall Kathi , Stein C. Michael , Ray Wayne A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPurposeDespite significant growth of opioid prescriptions, only limited data are available regarding the comparative safety of long‐acting opioids for chronic non‐cancer pain. Recent data suggest that transdermal fentanyl and oxycodone CR may have greater toxicity than morphine SR in patients with non‐cancer pain. Thus, we compared the risk of out‐of‐hospital deaths in patients with non‐cancer pain filling prescriptions for transdermal fentanyl or oxycodone CR with that for morphine SR.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study in 50 658 patients enrolled in Tennessee Medicaid who filled prescriptions for transdermal fentanyl (n = 8717), oxycodone CR (n = 14 118), or morphine SR (n = 27 823) between 1999 and 2011. We excluded individuals with cancer or other life‐threatening diagnoses and used propensity scores to adjust for multiple potential confounders. The primary outcome was out‐of‐hospital mortality.ResultsDuring 44 385 person‐years of follow‐up, 689 patients died. The out‐of‐hospital mortality rate among all study subjects was 155/10 000 patient‐years. Contrary to earlier data suggesting greater risk, mortality was not significantly different in patients filling prescriptions for transdermal fentanyl compared with morphine SR (adjusted HR = 0.96, 95% C.I.: 0.77‐1.21); moreover, patients filling prescriptions for oxycodone CR had lower mortality risk compared with those filling prescriptions for morphine SR (adjusted HR = 0.79, 95% C.I. 0.66‐0.95).ConclusionIn the study population, long‐acting opioids for non‐cancer pain were associated with high out‐of‐hospital mortality rates. We found comparable out‐of‐hospital mortality risks associated with transdermal fentanyl and morphine SR. The risk of out‐of‐hospital death for oxycodone CR was lower than that for morphine SR.
Fast scanning chip calorimetry study of P3HT/PC61BM submicron layers: structure formation and eutectic behaviour
Authors: Van den Brande Niko , Van Assche Guy , Van Mele Bruno 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTFast scanning chip calorimetry was used to perform an elaborate isothermal study of poly(3‐hexyl thiophene)/[6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT/PC61BM) submicron layers. The used scanning rates of 30 000 K s−1 allow for a ‘true’ isothermal study, where non‐isothermal effects are avoided. Results were obtained over a wide temperature range for the 1:1 composition, used in organic solar cells, and for selected temperatures for the 3:7 composition. The results can be clearly interpreted according to the eutectic behaviour expected for this system, with the 1:1 composition being enriched in P3HT and the 3:7 composition being enriched in PC61BM. In both cases, the start of the melting trajectory corresponding to the eutectic transition coincided with the Tg of PC61BM. This is in agreement with earlier studies that report a vitrification effect caused by PC61BM. A bell‐shaped curve of isothermal crystallization rates could be constructed for the 1:1 composition, where the Tg of the mixed amorphous phase as well as of the separate components can be seen to play a role. For the 3:7 composition, clear indications are observed that a vitrified PC61BM phase can be formed in which isothermal crystallization takes place. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Solution‐processed ZnO as the efficient passivation and electron selective layer of silicon solar cells
Authors: Ding Jiangnan , Zhou Yurong , Dong Gangqiang , Liu Ming , Yu Donghong , Liu Fengzhen 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSolution‐processed intrinsic ZnO and Al‐doped ZnO (ZnO:Al) were spin coated on textured n‐type c‐Si wafer to replace the phosphorus‐doped amorphous silicon as the electron selective transport layer (ESTL) of the Si heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells. Besides the function of electron selective transportation, the nondoped ZnO was found to possess certain passivation effect on c‐Si wafer. The SHJ solar cells with different combinations of passivation layer (intrinsic a‐Si:H, SiOx, and nondoped ZnO) and electron transport layer (nondoped ZnO and ZnO:Al) were fabricated and compared. An efficiency up to 18.46% was achieved on a SHJ solar cell with an a‐Si:H/ZnO:Al double layer back structure. And, all the solution‐processed nondoped ZnO/ZnO:Al combination layers present fairly good electron selective transportation property for SHJ solar cell, resulting in an efficiency of 17.13%. The carrier transport based on energy band diagrams of the rear side of the solar cells has been discussed related to the performance of the SHJ solar cells.
Evaluating and predicting molecular mechanisms of adhesive degradation during field and accelerated aging of photovoltaic modules
Authors: Tracy Jared , D'hooge Dagmar R. , Bosco Nick , Delgado Chris , Dauskardt Reinhold 
Published: July 2018

AbstractExtending photovoltaic (PV) module lifetimes beyond 30 years is a goal of significant priority. A challenge that must first be addressed, however, is the development of a predictive reliability model that captures the synergy of terrestrial stressors on module degradation, particularly at encapsulant interfaces. Using a metrology designed specifically for PV modules, a comprehensive study of the widely used ethylene vinyl acetate encapsulant was performed in which encapsulant adhesion was evaluated as a function of environmental stressors (UV exposure, temperature, and humidity) for modules aged both under accelerated lab and internationally located field conditions for months to nearly 3 decades. Mechanical and chemical characterization methods are combined with fundamental polymer reaction engineering to unravel the degradation processes active at the molecular scale that lead to encapsulant delamination. An analytical and modular model framework is put forward enabling the prediction of long‐term PV module durability, starting from fundamental principles at the molecular level and explicitly accounting for bond rupture events in the bulk encapsulant and at the encapsulant interfaces. Successful parameter tuning to adhesion data indicates a dominant occurrence of deacetylation,β‐scission, and hydrolytic depolymerization, respectively. The model contributes to the longstanding challenge of predicting module lifetimes in any geographic location while minimizing time‐consuming and costly aging studies.
Singular Perturbation Theory for the Thermodynamic Properties of Holographic QCD
Authors: Megías Eugenio , Valle Manuel 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe explore the thermodynamics of a black‐hole solution in improved holographic QCD with a simple dilaton potential having two parameters. By applying techniques of singular perturbation theory, we get uniform approximations for the metric and the dilaton field in the two regimes of big and small black‐holes. These techniques lead to a resummation of the naive expansion at high temperatures, providing a good fit to lattice data for the trace anomaly at high temperature. It is provided as well an estimate of the value of the gluon condensate at zero temperature which turns out to be in quite good agreement with the accepted values in the literature from phenomenological studies of QCD.
Clustering functional data streams: Unsupervised classification of soccer top players based on Google trends
Authors: Fortuna Francesca , Maturo Fabrizio , Di Battista Tonio 
Published: July 2018

AbstractNowadays, football teams have become large companies, which produce very high incomes, and the induced gain that may arise from purchasing notorious players has become a crucial aspect for their commercial strategies. The interest for a player is not only exclusively tied to his technical skills but also to other factors, which may attract people not only interested in football. Because soccer has become a fact of life for many supporters, the attention paid to football players is also reflected in the internet traffic. For this reason, the analysis of web data nowadays is a central issue for monitoring players' notoriety and catching information about marketing strategies. This paper aims to provide an original methodological approach for the analysis of web data using the functional data analysis approach. The main advantages of the proposal are the drastic dimensionality reduction of the data and the use of functional tools for obtaining additional information about data. Specifically, in this study, we focus on the problem of clustering data streams using the k‐means algorithm and 3 different semimetrics based on the functional principal components decomposition, first and second derivatives, respectively. An application to a real data set regarding Google queries of 24 football players is proposed for illustrating the method. The final aim of this research is provide scholars, practitioners, football clubs, and agencies interested in planning marketing strategies with additional tools for analyzing web data.
Regional flood frequency analysis in the central‐western river basins of Argentina
Authors: Lauro Carolina , Vich Alberto I.J. , Moreiras Stella Maris 
Published: July 2018

AbstractKnowing the probability of occurrence of a flood event is an important issue for water resources planning. At‐site probability models require a long extension of hydrological data for robust estimation of low‐frequency events. As the mean record length of 25 gauge stations in western river basins of Argentina is 49 years (until 2010), regional models are an interesting tool to determine mountain rivers system dynamics. This study aims to estimate low‐frequency quantiles of annual maximum flow in Argentinean western river basins (28°S–37°S) applying regional frequency analysis based on the L‐moments method. Besides, mean annual maximum flow of 75 gauge stations (22°S–52°S) was analysed. First, an exploratory data analysis was performed; normality, independence, and randomness were accepted in the 27%, 87%, and 91% of cases, respectively. Increasing trends in annual maximum flows in the north‐western and central‐western rivers of Argentina were detected, whereas decreasing trends in annual maximum flow in the Patagonian Andes were identified. Base on at‐site characteristics and at‐site statistics, a homogeneous region of 12 stations with a record period of 568 years was formed. General extreme value was the most appropriate distribution for this homogeneous study region. Estimation accuracy using Monte Carlo simulations was performed. The error bounds were set at 90%, the mean square error was 9.23%, and the relative bias was 1.6%. The regional method performed better than the at‐site estimation.
Interaction rituals and inquiry‐based science instruction: Analysis of student participation in small‐group investigations in a multilingual classroom
Authors: Wilmes Sara E. D. , Siry Christina 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLanguage learners participating in inquiry‐based science instruction are often faced with the challenge of interacting in a language they have not yet mastered. With this challenge at the fore, this study uses interaction ritual theory to examine a plurilingual student's participation in inquiry‐based science. Interaction ritual analysis of the focal student's interactions with peers during small‐group science investigations at the microlevel (tenths of a second) and in real‐time revealed that positive interaction rituals failed to form at first. Over a period of 6 months, his persistent use of nonverbal and verbal participation strategies, and opportunities to engage diverse communicative resources, resulted in higher levels of synchrony with his classmates and successful interactions in the language of instruction. The findings present novel information about the nuances of the silent, embodied participation of language learners in inquiry‐oriented instruction. Further, the findings elaborate the claim that inquiry‐based science pedagogies created space for students to form successful interaction rituals that, in turn, supported the focal student's science engagement and language development.