bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation in Intraoperative and Postoperative Utilization for 3 Common General Surgery Procedures
Authors: Childers Christopher P. , Ettner Susan L. , Hays Ron D. , Kominski Gerald , Maggard-Gibbons Melinda , Alban Rodrigo F. 
Published: August 2019

Objective:
The aim of this study was to understand variation in intraoperative and postoperative utilization for common general surgery procedures.

Summary Background Data:
Reducing surgical costs is paramount to the viability of hospitals.

Methods:
Retrospective analysis of electronic health record data for 7762 operations from 2 health systems. Adult patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy, appendectomy, and inguinal/femoral hernia repair between November 1, 2013 and November 30, 2017 were reviewed for 3 utilization measures: intraoperative disposable supply costs, procedure time, and postoperative length of stay (LOS). Crossed hierarchical regression models were fit to understand case-mixed adjusted variation in utilization across surgeons and locations and to rank surgeons.

Results:
The number of surgeons performing each type of operation ranged from 20 to 63. The variation explained by surgeons ranged from 8.9% to 38.2% for supply costs, from 15.1% to 54.6% for procedure time, and from 1.3% to 7.0% for postoperative LOS. The variation explained by location ranged from 12.1% to 26.3% for supply costs, from 0.2% to 2.5% for procedure time, and from 0.0% to 31.8% for postoperative LOS. There was a positive correlation (ρ = 0.49, P = 0.03) between surgeons’ higher supply costs and longer procedure times for hernia repair, but there was no correlation between other utilization measures for hernia repair and no correlation between any of the utilization measures for laparoscopic appendectomy or cholecystectomy.

Conclusions:
Surgeons are significant drivers of variation in surgical supply costs and procedure time, but much less so for postoperative LOS. Intraoperative and postoperative utilization profiles can be generated for individual surgeons and may be an important tool for reducing surgical costs.
Frontotemporal Dementia Knowledge Scale
Authors: Wynn Matthew J. , Carpenter Brian D. 
Published: August 2019

Objective:
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) accounts for ∼10% of dementia cases and is the most common cause of early-onset dementia. However, no well-validated instrument currently exists to measure knowledge about FTD. In this study, we used systematic scale development procedures to create a scale to measure knowledge of FTD based on a contemporary understanding of the disease.

Methods:
Standard scale development methods were used to create items and evaluate their psychometric properties. A total of 72 health care professionals and 102 caregivers of people with FTD responded to items measuring FTD knowledge, general dementia knowledge, crystallized intelligence, experience with FTD, and demographic information.

Results:
The Frontotemporal Dementia Knowledge Scale (FTDKS) contains 18 items that cover key, basic knowledge about FTD in the domains of risk factors, symptoms, course, caregiving, and treatment. The scale uses a 4-point True/False format with a Don’t Know option and takes ∼5 minutes to complete. In the current sample the FTDKS had good psychometric properties in terms of reliability and validity.

Implications:
The FTDKS can be used with health care professionals and caregivers of people with FTD to assess their knowledge about the disease. The scale may be useful to evaluate knowledge in clinical care and educational program contexts.
Effect of Ostomy Care Team Intervention on Patients With Ileal Conduit
Authors: Zhou Haiyan , Ye Yufang , Qu Haihong , Zhou Huaxian , Gu Shengyan , Wang Tianhua 
Published: August 2019

PURPOSE:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a nurse-led multicomponent intervention on ostomy-related complications, self-efficacy, and health-related quality of life in patients with an ileal conduit.

DESIGN:
Randomized controlled trial.

SAMPLE AND SETTING:
Forty-six patients who underwent radical cystectomy and creation of an ileal conduit participated in the trial; data were collected over a 6-month period. The study setting was Shanghai Pudong Hospital, affiliated with Fudan University, located in Shanghai, China.

METHODS:
Participants were randomly allocated to an experimental or control group. Participants in the control group received routine care over a 6-month period following ostomy surgery, while those in the experimental group received a nurse-led, multicomponent, structured intervention delivered by an ostomy care team. The Chinese language versions of the Stoma Self-Efficacy Scale (SSES) and the City of Hope Quality of Life-Ostomy (COHQOL-O) questionnaire were used to assess self-efficacy in stoma care and health-related quality of life. Ostomy-related complications including peristomal moisture-associated skin damage and uric acid crystal deposits in the peristomal area were also assessed. Fisher's exact test was used to compare the incidence of ostomy-related complications between the 2 groups. Independent-samples t tests were used to compare SSES and COHQOL-O scores.

RESULTS:
No statistically significant differences were found between demographic characteristics of the control and experimental groups. After 6 months, the incidence of complications was significantly lower in the experimental group as compared to the control group (4.35% vs 30.43%, P = .047). In addition, the mean SSES score was significantly higher in the experimental group (indicating greater self-efficacy in stoma care) (107.13 ± 11.87 vs 85.65 ± 12.87, P = .000), and the mean COHQOL-O score was also significantly higher in the experimental group, indicating higher health-related quality of life (154.48 ± 16.01 vs 138.26 ± 13.42, P = .001).

CONCLUSION:
The nurse-led multicomponent intervention provided by the ostomy care team reduced ostomy-related complications and improved the self-efficacy level and health-related quality of life in persons with a new urostomy.
Descriptive epidemiology of physical activity energy expenditure in UK adults. The Fenland Study
Authors: Lindsay Tim , Westgate Kate , Wijndaele Katrien , Hollidge Stefanie , Kerrison Nicola , Forouhi Nita , Griffin Simon , Wareham Nick , Brage Søren 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundPhysical activity (PA) plays a role in the prevention of a range of diseases including obesity and cardiometabolic disorders. Large population-based descriptive studies of PA, incorporating precise measurement, are needed to understand the relative burden of insufficient PA levels and to inform the tailoring of interventions. Combined heart and movement sensing enables the study of physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) and intensity distribution. We aimed to describe the sociodemographic correlates of PAEE and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in UK adults.MethodsThe Fenland study is a population-based cohort study of 12,435 adults aged 29–64 years-old in Cambridgeshire, UK. Following individual calibration (treadmill), participants wore a combined heart rate and movement sensor continuously for 6 days in free-living, from which we derived PAEE (kJ•day-1•kg-1) and time in MVPA (>3 & >4 METs) in bouts greater than 1 minute and 10 minutes. Socio-demographic information was self-reported. Stratum-specific summary statistics and multivariable analyses were performed.ResultsWomen accumulated a mean(sd) 50(20) kJ•day-1•kg-1 of PAEE, and 83(67) and 33(39) minutes•day-1 of 1-min bouted and 10-min bouted MVPA respectively. By contrast, men recorded 59(23) kJ•day-1•kg-1, 124(84) and 60(58) minutes•day-1. Age and BMI were also important correlates of PA. Association with age was inverse in both sexes, more strongly so for PAEE than MVPA. Obese individuals accumulated less PA than their normal-weight counterparts whether considering PAEE or allometrically-scaled PAEE (-10 kJ•day-1•kg-1 vs -15 kJ•day-1•kg-2/3 in men). Higher income and manual work were associated with higher PA; manual workers recorded 13-16 kJ•kg-1•day-1 more PAEE than sedentary counterparts. Overall, 86% of women and 96% of men accumulated 21.4 min•day-1 of MVPA (>3 METs) on average (150 minutes per week). These values were 49% and 74% if only considering bouts >10 min (15% and 31% for >4 METs).ConclusionsPA varied by age, sex and BMI, and was higher in manual workers and those with higher incomes. Light physical activity was the main driver of PAEE; a component of PA that is currently not quantified as a target in UK guidelines.
Acute and Chronic Molecular Signatures and Associated Symptoms of Blast Exposure in Military Breachers
Authors: Wang Zhaoyu , Wilson Caroline M , Mendelev Natalia , Ge Yongchao , Galfalvy Hanga , Elder Gregory , Ahlers Stephen , Yarnell Angela M , LoPresti Matthew L , Kamimori Gary , Carr Walter , Haghighi Fatemeh 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTInjuries from exposure to explosions rose dramatically during the Iraq and Afghanistan wars, which motivated investigations of blast-related neurotrauma and operational breaching. In this study, military “breachers” were exposed to controlled, low-level blast during a 10-day explosive breaching course. Using an omics approach, we assessed epigenetic, transcriptional, and inflammatory profile changes in blood from operational breaching trainees, with varying levels of lifetime blast exposure, along with daily self-reported symptoms (with tinnitus, headaches, and sleep disturbances as the most frequently reported). Although acute exposure to blast did not confer epigenetic changes, specifically in DNA methylation, differentially methylated regions (DMRs) with coordinated gene expression changes associated with chronic lifetime cumulative blast exposures were identified. The accumulative effect of blast showed increased methylation of PAX8 antisense transcript with coordinated repression of gene expression, which has been associated with sleep disturbance. DNA methylation analyses conducted in conjunction with reported symptoms of tinnitus in the low vs. high blast incidents groups identified DMRS in KCNE1 and CYP2E1 genes. KCNE1 and CYP2E1 showed the expected inverse correlation between DNA methylation and gene expression, which have been previously implicated in noise related hearing loss. Although no significant transcriptional changes were observed in samples obtained at the onset of the training course relative to chronic cumulative blast, we identified a large number of transcriptional perturbations acutely pre- versus post-blast exposure. Acutely, 67 robustly differentially expressed genes (fold change ≥1.5), including UFC1 and YOD1, ubiquitin-related proteins were identified. Inflammatory analyses of cytokines and chemokines revealed dysregulation of MCP-1, GCSF, HGF, MCSF, and RANTES acutely following blast exposure. These data show the importance of an omics approach, revealing that transcriptional and inflammatory biomarkers capture acute low-level blast overpressure exposure, whereas DNA methylation marks encapsulate chronic long-term symptoms.
IFN-independent G0 arrest and SAMHD1 activation following TLR4 activation in macrophages
Authors: Mlcochova P. , Winstone H. , Zuliani-Alvarez L. , Gupta R.K. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMonocyte-derived macrophages mostly reside in a resting, G0 state, expressing high levels of dephosphorylated, active SAMHD1. We have previously shown that macrophages can re-enter the cell cycle without division, into a G1-like state. This cell cycle re-entry is accompanied by phosphorylation of the dNTP hydrolase/ antiviral restriction factor SAMHD1 at T592 by the cyclin-dependent kinase CDK1. HIV-1 successfully infects macrophages in G1 through exploiting this naturally occurring window of opportunity where SAMHD1 antiviral activity is de-activated.Here we demonstrate for the first time that LPS activation of the pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP) receptor TLR4 induces G0 arrest in human macrophages. We show this G0 arrest is MyD88-independent and therefore NFkB independent. Furthermore, the effect of TLR4 activation on cell cycle is regulated by (a) the canonical IFN-dependent pathway following TBK1 activation and IRF3 translocation and (b) an IFN-independent pathway that occurs prior to TBK1 activation, and that is accompanied by CDK1 downregulation, p21 upregulation and SAMHD1 dephosphorylation at T592. Furthermore, we show by siRNA knockdown of SAMHD1 that the interferon independent pathway activated by TLR4 is able to potently block HIV-1 infection in macrophages specifically via SAMHD1. Finally, ingestion of whole E. Coli and TLR4 activation by macrophages also activates SAMHD1 via the interferon independent pathway.Together, these data demonstrate that macrophages can rapidly activate an intrinsic cell arrest and anti-viral state by activation of TLR4 prior to IFN secretion, thereby highlighting the importance of cell cycle regulation as a response to danger signals in human macrophages. Interferon independent activation of SAMHD1 by TLR4 represents a novel mechanism for limiting the HIV-1 reservoir size and should be considered for host-directed therapeutic approaches that may contribute to curative interventions.
Draft genome sequences of five Proteobacteria isolated from Lechuguilla Cave, New Mexico, USA: Insights into taxonomy and quorum-sensing
Authors: Gan Han Ming , Wengert Peter C. , Barton Hazel A. , Hudson André O. , Savka Michael A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractGenomic resources remain scarce for bacteria isolated from oligotrophic caves. We sequenced the genomes of five Proteobacteria isolated from Lechuguilla Cave in New Mexico, USA. Genome-based phylogeny indicates that each strain belongs to a distinct genus. Two Rhizobiaceae isolates possess the genomic potential for the biosynthesis of acyl-homoserine lactone.
SILAC-based quantitative proteomics reveals pleiotropic, phenotypic modulation in primary murine macrophages infected with the protozoan pathogenLeishmania donovani
Authors: Smirlis Despina , Dingli Florent , Pescher Pascale , Prina Eric , Loew Damarys , Rachidi Najma , Späth Gerald F. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTLeishmaniases are major vector-borne tropical diseases responsible for great human morbidity and mortality, caused by protozoan, trypanosomatid parasites of the genusLeishmania.In the mammalian host parasites survive and multiply within mononuclear phagocytes, especially macrophages. However, the underlying mechanisms by whichLeishmaniaspp affect their host, are not fully understood. Herein, proteomic alterations of primary bone marrow-derived, BALB/c macrophages are documented after 72 h of infection withLeishmania donovaniinsect-stage promastigotes, with the use of a SILAC-based, quantitative proteomics approach. The protocol was optimised by combining strong anion exchange and gel electrophoresis fractionation that displayed similar depth of analysis (>5500 proteins). Our analyses revealed 86 differentially modulated proteins (35 showing increased and 51 decreased abundance) in response toLeishmania donovaniinfection. The proteomics results were validated by analysing the abundance of selected proteins. IntracellularLeishmania donovaniinfection led to changes in various host cell biological processes, including primary metabolism and catabolic process, with a significant enrichment in lysosomal organisation. Overall, our analysis allows new technical insight into the challenges of quantitative proteomics applied on primary cells, and establishes the first proteome ofbona fideprimary macrophages infectedex vivowithLeishmania donovani, revealing new mechanisms acting at the host/pathogen interface.
Loss of MLKL Decreases Necrotic Core but Increases Macrophage Lipid Accumulation In Atherosclerosis
Authors: Rasheed Adil , Robichaud Sabrina , Nguyen My-Anh , Geoffrion Michele , Cottee Mary Lynn , Dennison Taylor , Pietrangelo Antonietta , Lee Richard , Ouimet Mireille , Rayner Katey J 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTObjectivesDuring the advancement of atherosclerosis, the cellularity of the plaque is governed by the influx of monocyte-derived macrophages and their turnover via apoptotic and non-apoptotic forms of cell death. Previous reports have demonstrated that programmed necrosis, or necroptosis, of macrophages within the plaque contribute to necrotic core formation. Knockdown or inhibition of the necrosome components RIPK1 and RIPK3 slow the progression of atherosclerosis, and activation of the terminal step of necroptosis, MLKL, has been demonstrated in advanced human atherosclerotic plaques. However, whether MLKL directly contributes to lesion development and necrotic core formation has not been investigated.Approaches and ResultsMLKL expression was knocked down in atherogenic Apoe- knockout mice via subcutaneous administration of antisense oligonucleotides (ASO). During advanced atherogenesis, Mlkl knockdown potently reduced cell death in the plaque, with a significant reduction in the necrotic core. However, total lesion area in the aortic sinus remained unchanged. Furthermore, treatment with the MLKL ASO unexpectedly reduced circulating cholesterol levels compared to control ASO, while staining for lipids within the plaque was significantly increased. Peritoneal macrophages transfected with the MLKL ASO showed increased lipid loading upon incubation with modified cholesterol-rich lipoproteins. In lipid-loaded macrophages, MLKL co-localized with Rab7, a marker of the late endosome.ConclusionsThese studies confirm the requirement for MLKL as the executioner of necroptosis, and as such a significant contributor to the necrotic core during atherogenesis. We also identified a previously unknown role for MLKL in interacting with endosomal trafficking components to regulate lipid uptake in macrophages during atherogenesis.
Physical basis of lumen shape and stability in a simple epithelium
Authors: Vasquez Claudia G. , Vachharajani Vipul T. , Garzon-Coral Carlos , Dunn Alexander R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA continuous sheet of epithelial cells surrounding a hollow opening, or lumen, defines the basic topology of numerous organs.De novolumen formation is a central feature of embryonic development whose dysregulation leads to congenital and acquired diseases of the kidney and other organs. Hydrostatic pressure has been proposed to drive lumen expansion, a view that is supported by recent experiments in the mouse blastocyst. High luminal pressure should produce lumen surfaces that bow outwards toward the surrounding cells. However, lumens formed in other embryonic tissues adopt highly irregular shapes, with cell apical faces that are bowed inward, suggesting that pressure may not be the dominant contributor to lumen growth in all cases. We used three-dimensional live-cell imaging to study the physical mechanism of lumen formation in Madin Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cell spheroids, a canonical cell-culture model for lumenogenesis. Our experiments revealed that neither lumen pressure nor the actomyosin cytoskeleton were required to maintain lumen shape or stability. Instead, we find that, in our model system, lumen shape results from simple geometrical factors tied to the establishment of apico-basal polarity. A quantitative physical model that incorporates cell geometry, cortical tension, and intraluminal pressure can account for our observations as well as cases in which pressure indeed plays a dominant role. Our results thus support a unifying physical mechanism for the formation of luminal openings in a variety of physiological contexts.
The effects of direct brain stimulation in humans depend on frequency, amplitude, and white-matter proximity
Authors: Mohan Uma R. , Watrous Andrew J. , Miller Jonathan F. , Lega Bradley C. , Sperling Michael R. , Worrell Gregory A. , Gross Robert E. , Zaghloul Kareem A. , Jobst Barbara C. , Davis Kathryn A. , Sheth Sameer A. , Stein Joel M. , Das Sandhitsu R. , Gorniak Richard , Wanda Paul A. , Rizzuto Daniel S. , Kahana Michael J. , Jacobs Joshua 
Published: August 2019

AbstractResearchers have used direct electrical brain stimulation to treat a range of neurological and psychiatric disorders. However, for brain stimulation to be maximally effective, clinicians and researchers should optimize stimulation parameters according to desired outcomes. To examine how different kinds of stimulation affect human brain activity, we compared the changes in neuronal activity that resulted from stimulation at a range of frequencies, amplitudes, and locations with direct human brain recordings. We recorded human brain activity directly with electrodes that were implanted in widespread regions across 106 neurosurgical epilepsy patients while systematically stimulating across a range of parameters and locations. Overall, stimulation most often had an inhibitory effect on neuronal activity, consistent with earlier work. When stimulation excited neuronal activity, it most often occurred from high-frequency stimulation. These effects were modulated by the location of the stimulating electrode, with stimulation sites near white matter more likely to cause excitation and sites near gray matter more likely to inhibit neuronal activity. By characterizing how different stimulation parameters produced specific neuronal activity patterns on a large scale, our results help guide clinicians and researchers when designing stimulation protocols to cause precisely targeted changes in human brain activity.
A comprehensive analysis of racial disparities in chemical biomarker concentrations in United States women, 1999-2014
Authors: Nguyen Vy Kim , Kahana Adam , Heidt Julien , Polemi Katelyn , Kvasnicka Jacob , Jolliet Olivier J. , Colacino Justin A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundStark racial disparities in disease incidence among American women remains a persistent public health challenge. These disparities likely result from complex interactions between genetic, social, lifestyle, and environmental risk factors. The influence of environmental risk factors, such as chemical exposure, however, may be substantial and is poorly understood.ObjectivesWe quantitatively evaluated chemical-exposure disparities by race/ethnicity and age in United States (US) women by using biomarker data for 143 chemicals from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2014.MethodsWe applied a series of survey-weighted, generalized linear models using data from the entire NHANES women population and age-group stratified subpopulations. The outcome was chemical biomarker concentration and the main predictor was race/ethnicity with adjustment for age, socioeconomic status, smoking habits, and NHANES cycle.ResultsThe highest disparities across non-Hispanic Black, Mexican American, Other Hispanic, and other race/multiracial women were observed for pesticides and their metabolites, including 2,5-dichlorophenol, o,p’-DDE, beta-hexachlorocyclohexane, and 2,4-dichlorophenol, along with personal care and consumer product compounds. The latter included parabens, monoethyl phthalate, and several metals, such as mercury and arsenic. Moreover, for Mexican American, Other Hispanic, and non-Hispanic black women, there were several exposure disparities that persisted across age groups, such as higher 2,4- and 2,5-dichlorophenol concentrations. Exposure differences for methyl and propyl parabens, however, were the starkest between non-Hispanic black and non-Hispanic white children with average differences exceeding 4 folds.DiscussionsWe systematically evaluated differences in chemical exposures across women of various race/ethnic groups and across age groups. Our findings could help inform chemical prioritization in designing epidemiological and toxicological studies. In addition, they could help guide public health interventions to reduce environmental and health disparities across populations.