bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theoretical Modeling and Simulation of Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) for Clock Data Recovery (CDR)
Authors: Mohamad Ashari Zainab , Nordin Anis Nurashikin 
Published: October 2018

Modern communication and computer systems require rapid (Gbps), efficient and large bandwidth data transfers. Agressive scaling of digital integrated systems allow buses and communication controller circuits to be integrated with the microprocessor on the same chip. The Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCIe) protocol handles all communcation between the central processing unit (CPU) and hardware devices. PCIe buses require efficient clock data recovery circuits (CDR) to recover clock signals embedded in data during transmission. This paper describes the theoretical modeling and simulation of a phase-locked loop (PLL) used in a CDR circuit. A simple PLL architecture for a 5 GHz CDR circuit is proposed and elaborated in this work. Simulations were carried out using a Hardware Description Language, Verilog-AMS. The effect of jitter on the proposed design is also simulated and evaluated in this work. It was found that the proposed design is robust against both input and VCO jitter.ABSTRAK: Sistem komunikasi dan komputer moden memerlukan pemindahan data yang cekap (Gbps), dan bandwidth yang besar. Pengecilan agresif menggunakan teknik sistem digital bersepadu membenarkan bas dan litar pengawal komunikasi disatukan dengan mikroprocessor dalam cip yang sama. Protokol persisian komponen sambung tara ekspres (PCIe) mengendalikan semua komunikasi antara unit pemprosesan pusat (CPU) dan peranti perkakasan. Bas PCIe memerlukan litar jam pemulihan data (CDR) yang cekap untuk mendapatkan kembali isyarat jam yang tertanam dalam data semasa transmisi. Karya ini menerangkan teori pemodelan dan simulasi gelung fasa terkunci (PLL) untuk CDR. Rekabentuk 5 GHz PLL yang mudah telah dicadangkan dalm kertas kerja ini. Simulasi telah dijalankan menggunakan perisian verilog-AMS. Simulasi mengunnakan kesan ketar dalam reka bentuk yang dicadangkan telah dinilai. Reka bentuk yang dicadangkan terbukti teguh mengatasi ganguan ketar di input dan VCO.KEY WORDS: phase-locked loop (PLL); jitter; phase detector; low-pass filter; voltage-controlled oscillator
Muslim Views On Organ Transplant
Authors: Shuriye Abdi Omar 
Published: October 2018

In Islamic worldview human cadaver is considered holy and sacred as of the living person. The human dignity bestowed on all mankind applies and it is extended to the corpse. For this reason, in the Muslim world at least, organ transplant has been contentious process. This paper is a study on the procedures and ethical implications of organ transplant. It evaluates the Islamic views on the issue. ABSTRAK: Pada panndangan Islam, mayat manusia adalah suci dan mulia sebagaimana orang yang masih hidup. Atas sebab ini, pemindahan organ dalam dunia Islam memerlukan proses yang teliti. Kertas ini mengkaji prosedur dan implikasi etika pemindahan organ dari sudut pandangan Islam.KEYWORDS: organ transplant; ethics; religion;Muslim views
Controller Design Of Unicycle Mobile Robot
Authors: Abd Rashid Mohd Zamzuri , Sidek Shahrul Naim 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT: The ability of unicycle mobile robot to stand and move around using one wheel has attracted a lot of researchers to conduct studies about the system, particularly in the design of the system mechanisms and the control strategies. This paper reports the investigation done on the design of the controller of the unicycle mobile robot system to maintain its stability in both longitudinal and lateral directions. The controller proposed is a Linear Quadratic Controller (LQR) type which is based on the linearized model of the system. A thorough simulation studies have been carried out to find out the performance of the LQR controller. The best controller gain,Â KÂ acquired through the simulation is selected to be implemented and tested in the experimental hardware. Finally, the results obtained from the experimental study are compared to the simulation results to study the controller efficacy. The analysis reveals that the proposed controller design is able to stabilize the unicycle mobile robot.ABSTRAK: Kemampuan robot satu roda untuk berdiri dan bergerak di sekitar telah menarik minat ramai penyelidik untuk mengkaji sistem robot terutamanya didalam bidang rangka mekanikal dan strategi kawalan robot. Kertas kajian ini melaporkan hasil penyelidikan ke atas strategi kawalan robot bagi memastikan sistem robot satu roda dapat distabilkan dari arah sisi dan hadapan. Strategi kawalan yang dicadang, menggunakan teknik kawalan kuadratik sejajar (Linear Quadratic Control) yang berdasarkan model robot yang telah dipermudahkan. Kajian simulasi secara terperinci telah dijalankan bagi mengkaji prestasi strategi kawalan yang dicadangkan. Dari kajian simulasi sistem robot, pemilihan faktor konstan, K yang sesuai di dalam strategi kawalan telah dibuat, agar dapat dilaksanakan ke atas sistem robot yang dibangunkan. Keputusan dari kajian simulasi dan tindak balas oleh sistem robot yang dibangunkan akhirnya dibandingkan bagi melihat kesesuaian faktor kostan, K yang dipilih. Analisa menunjukkan dengan menggunakan strategi kawalan yang dicadangkan dapat menstabilkan robot satu roda.KEYWORDS: unicycle mobile robot; nonholonomic system; LQR
Total Nitorgen Content from Earthworm (Eisenia Foetida) Using The Kjeldahl Method
Authors: Zakaria Zarina , Mohamed Alina Rahayu , Mohd Salleh Noor Hasyierah , Abu Mansor Siti Nursheela 
Published: October 2018

In the fish aquaculture management, fish feed is identified as a major problem. The high cost and scarcity of fishmeal in formulated feeds have led to the use of other protein sources such as earthworms and animal by-product. Earthworm is an alternative protein source to replace the fish meal in the fish feed formulation. In this study, total nitrogen content in earthworm powder is determined using the Kjeldahl method by employing the statistical software, Full Factorial Design (FFD) which could provide the significant information about the studied parameters. The parameters are the digestion time (min) and the volume of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) (ml). From the analysis of variance (ANOVA), the volume of H2SO4and the interaction between digestion time and the volume of H2SO4arefound to be important parameters in the nitrogen determination process via the Kjeldahl method. The highest nitrogen content obtained was 12.23% when using 15 ml H2SO4 and 60 mins of digestion time. The value of R2 is 0.9986 which shows that the selected parameters (the digestion time and the volume of H2SO4) and its corresponding levels are highly correlated to the percentage nitrogen content in earthworm powder using the Kjeldahl method.Â ABSTRAK:Dalam pengurusan akuakultur ikan, makanan telah dikenalpasti sebagai masalah utama. Kos yang tinggi serta kekurangan sumber makanan telah menggalakkan pencarian sumber protein baru seperti cacing tanah dan hasil sampingan sembelihan haiwan ternakan. Cacing adalah sumber protein alternatif menggantikan ramuan ikan (fish meal) dalam formulasi makanan ikan. Dalam kajian ini, kandungan jumlah nitrogen dalam serbuk cacing tanah telah dianalisa menggunakan kaedah Kjeldahl dengan menggunapakai perisian statistikal iaitu Full Factorial Design (FFD) yang boleh memberikan maklumat yang penting berkenaan dengan parameter-parameter yang dikaji. Parameter-parameter tersebut adalah masa pencernaan (min) dan isipadu asid sulfurik (H2SO4) (ml). Daripada analisa varian (ANOVA), isipadu H2SO4 dan interaksi antara masa pencernaan dan isipadu H2SO4 telah dikenalpasti sebagai parameter-parameter utama dalam proses penentuan kandungan nitrogen melalui kaedah Kjeldahl. Kandungan nitrogen yang tertinggi diperolehi adalah 12.23% bila menggunakan 15 ml H2SO4 dan 60 minit masa pencernaan. Nilai R2 adalah 0.9986 menunjukkan bahawa parameter-parameter (masa pencernaan dan isipadu H2SO4) dan aras yang dipilih mempunyai perkaitan langsung yang tinggi dengan kandungan nitrogen dalam serbuk cacing dengan menggunakan kaedah Kjeldahl.KEYWORDS: nitrogen content;, earthworm; Kjeldahl method
Comparison between Scheduling Techniques in Long Term Evolution
Authors: Habaebi M. H. , Chebil J. , Al-Sakkaf A. G. , Dahawi T. H. 
Published: October 2018

Long-Term Evolution (LTE) is a recently evolving technology characterized by very high speed data rate that allows users to access internet through their mobile as well as through other electronic devices.Â Such technology is intended to support variety of IP-based heterogeneous traffic types. Traffic scheduling plays an important role in LTE technology by assigning the shared resources among users in the most efficient manner. This paper discusses the performance of three types of scheduling algorithms namely: Round Robin, best Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) and Proportional Fair (PF) schedulers representing the extreme cases in scheduling. The scheduling algorithms performances on the downlink were measured in terms of throughput and block error rate using a MATLAB-based system level simulation. Results indicate that the best CQI algorithm outperforms other algorithms in terms of throughput levels but on the expense of fairness to other users suffering from bad channel conditions. ABSTRAK: Teknologi baru Evolusi Jangka Panjang (LTE) sentiasa berubah dan ia bercirikan kelajuan kadar data sangat tinggi yang membolehkan pengguna mengakses internet melalui telefon bimbit dan peranti elektronik lain. Teknologi seperti ini bertujuan menyokong pelbagai jenis trafik heterogen berasaskan IP. Penjadualan trafik memainkan peranan penting dalam teknologi LTE bagi mengagihkan sumber perkongsian secara paling berkesan di kalangan pengguna. Kertas ini membincangkan prestasi tiga jenis algoritma penjadualan iaitu: pusingan Robin, penunjuk kualiti saluran (CQI) terbaik danÂ penjadualan berkadar adil (PF) yang merupakan kes ekstrem dalam penjadualan. Prestasi penjadualan Algoritma di pautan turun diukur dari segi daya pemprosesan dan kadar ralat blok melalui simulasiÂ sistem menggunakan MATLAB. Hasil kajian menunjukkan algoritma CQI adalah yang terbaik berbanding hasil algoritma lain dari segi tahap daya pemprosesan tetapi algoritma ini menyebabkan pengguna lain mengalami keadaan saluran buruk.KEYWORDS: LTE; round robin; best CQI; proportional fair; scheduling; resource blocks
HARMONIC DISTORTION ASSESSMENT BY AREA BASED APPROACH AT SINGLE PHASING OF AN INDUCTION MOTOR
Authors: Chattopadhyay Surajit , Sengupta Samarjit 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT: This paper presents harmonic distortion assessment by area based approach at single phasing of an induction motor. This has been achieved by assessing voltage and current signals using area based approach. Some specific reference signals have been defined, after which, real power system data are plotted with this reference signal and areas thus formed by the real power system data with the reference signal have been calculated wherefrom contributions of fundamental waveform and harmonic components in real and reactive powers have been assessed separately. Single phasing is done on induction machine and total harmonic distortion factors have then been calculated. Significant change is observed in harmonic distortion due to single phasing. ABSTRAK: Kertas kerja ini membentangkan penilaian herotan harmonik menggunakan kaedah keluasan kawasan pada pemfasaan tunggal motor aruhan. Menggunakan kaedah keluasan kawasan, penilaian terhasil dengan memantau isyarat arus dan voltan. Sesetengah isyarat rujukan tertentu dikenal pasti, di mana, data sistem kuasa sebenar diplotkan berdasarkan isyarat rujukan ini. Kawasan kemudiannya dibentuk dengan adanya data sistem kuasa sebenar dengan menggunakan pengiraan isyarat rujukan. Pengiraan ini memberikan bentuk gelombang asas dan komponen harmonik sebenar di mana kuasa reaktif ditentukan secara berasingan. Pemfasaan tunggal ditentukan menggunakan mesin aruhan dan faktor jumlah herotan harmonik diambil kira .Perubahan yang ketara dikenal pasti dalam herotan harmonik yang disebabkan oleh pemfasaan tunggal.
THE ECONOMICS OF MICROHYDRO POWER PLANTS
Authors: Abid Muhammad , Karimov Kh. S. , Al-Grafi M. W. , Islomov S. I. , Karimova N. H. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT:Â Â In this paper economics of a micro-hydropower plant installed in the village named Pashmi-Kuhna of Tajikistan and of a battery-based micro-hydropower plant on catamaran for free water flow operation designed, fabricated and tested in GIK Institute of Pakistan are discussed. For the economic evaluation of these power plants, the life-cycle costing approach is used.Â Finally the costs of the produced energy by the micro-hydropower plants are calculated.Â ABSTRAK: Menerusi kertas kerja ini, bidang ekonomi loji hidrokuasa mikro yang dibina di perkampunganÂ Pashmi-Kuhna, Tajikistan diperbincangkan. Loji hidrokuasa mikro di atas katamaran yang membolehkan gerakan air bebas berasaskan bateri direka, dicipta dan diuji di Institut Pakistan GIK. Untuk penilaian ekonomi loji ini, pendekatan pengekosan kitar hidup telah digunakan. Akhirnya, kos dihitung berdasarkan kuasa yang dihasilkan oleh loji hidrokuasa mikro.
ON CALCULATION OF MULTIPLE EIGENVALUES OF THE LINEAR OPERATOR-FUNCTION BY REDUCTION PSEUDO-PERTURBATION METHODS
Authors: Ganievich Rakhimov Davran 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT:Â In this article, methods of theory of bifurcations, applies to the problem of retaining of the approximately given multiple eigenvalues and their generalized eigenvectors. This approach allows the reduction of algebraic multiplicity of eigenvalue to one and transfers the problem to the similar one but with simple eigenvalue. The method of the false perturbation is used to construct iterative processes.Â ABSTRAK:Â Dalam artikel ini, kaedah teori bifurkasi diaplikasikan terhadap masalah untuk mengekalkan penghampiran pelbagai nilai eigen dan vektor eigen yang teritlak. Kaedah ini membenarkan pengurangan kegandaan aljabar nilai eigen kepada satu dan memindahkan permasalahan kepada yang hampir serupa tetapi dengan nilai eigen yang lebih mudah. Pengkaedahan usikan palsu digunakan untuk proses pelelaran.
EXISTENCE OF SOLUTIONS OF FRACTIONAL INTEGRODIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM WITH NONLOCAL CONDITIONS
Authors: Kumar Kamlendra , Kumar Rakesh 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT :Â In the present paper we prove the existence and uniqueness of local solutions of a nonlocal Cauchy problem for a class of fractional integrodifferential equation. The results are obtained by using the theory of resolvent operators, the fractional powers of operators, fixed point techniques and the Gelfand-Shilov principle.
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF SOLAR COLLECTORS USING A SOLAR SIMULATOR
Authors: Norhafana M. , Ismail Ahmad Faris , Majid Z. A. A. 
Published: October 2018

Solar water heating systems is one of the applications of solar energy. One of the components of a solar water heating system is a solar collector that consists of an absorber. The performance of the solar water heating system depends on the absorber in the solar collector. In countries with unsuitable weather conditions, the indoor testing of solar collectors with the use of a solar simulator is preferred. Thus, this study is conducted to use a multilayered absorber in the solar collector of a solar water heating system as well as to evaluate the performance of the solar collector in terms of useful heat of the multilayered absorber using the multidirectional ability of a solar simulator at several values of solar radiation. It is operated at three variables of solar radiation of 400 W/m2, 550 W/m2 and 700 W/m2 and using three different positions of angles at 0Âº, 45Âº and 90Âº. The results show that the multilayer absorber in the solar collector is only able to best adapt at 45Â° of solar simulator with different values of radiation intensity. At this angle the maximum values of useful heat and temperature difference are achieved.Â KEYWORDS: solar water heating system; solar collector; multilayered absorber; solar simulator; solar radiationÂ
A QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF BIOMASS FLOW SENSING BEHAVIOR USING CAPACITIVE TECHNIQUE
Authors: Tasnim Rumana , Khan Sheroz , Mohamud Musse , Arshad Atika 
Published: October 2018

Flowsensing technology from todayâ€™s application perspective has gained significant research interest over the past few years. Among the existing sensing techniques, electrostatic and capacitive sensing techniques have proven promising although cable capacitance and stray capacitance cause inaccuracy while measuring very small capacitances. The existing measurement circuit model is complicated and has flawed electrode arrangement. By sensing very small capacitive variation, the developed capacitive technique has proven capable of reducing the stray and residual capacitance effect by using an interface sensing circuit based on circular and semicircular shaped electrode and modified capacitive bridge. The proposed interface circuit is simulated via PSPICE for realizing the small capacitive variation with permittivity variation. Hardware implementation is carried out using a flow sensing set up that senses two kinds of biomass flow variation as a change of dielectric permittivity under room conditions. The output voltage has been reproduced as a representative of the flow. Moreover, a comprehensive investigation into experimental data shows an agreeable level of consistency with the simulation results.KEYWORDS:Â electrodes; sensing; capacitance; electrostatic; piping; measurement
PROBABILISTIC MODEL OF LASER RANGE FINDER FOR THREE DIMENSIONAL GRID CELL IN CLOSE RANGE ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Iman Hafiz b , MD RASHID NAHRUL KHAIR ALANG 
Published: October 2018

The probabilistic model of a laser scanner presents an important aspect for simultaneous localization and map-building (SLAM). However, the characteristic of the beam of the laser range finder under extreme incident angles approaching 900 has not been thoroughly investigated. This research paper reports the characteristic of the density of the range value coming from a laser range finder under close range circumstances where the laser is imposed with a high incident angle. The laser was placed in a controlled environment consisting of walls at a close range and 1000 iteration of scans was collected. The assumption of normal density of the metrical data collapses when the beam traverses across sharp edges in this environment. The data collected also shows multimodal density at instances where the range has discontinuity. The standard deviation of the laser range finder is reported to average at 10.54 mm, with 0.96 of accuracy. This significance suggests that under extreme incident angles, a laser range finder reading behaves differently compared to normal distribution. The use of this information is crucial for SLAM activity in enclosed environments such as inside piping grid or other cluttered environments.KEYWORDS: Â Hokuyo UTM-30LX; kernel density estimation; probabilistic model Â
Optimal Allocation of Active Power Filter On real distribution network for improvement of power quality by use of BBO: A case study
Authors: Samadaei Emad , Khosravi Alireza , Sheikholeslami Abdolreza 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT:Â According to development of power electronics device, harmonic distortion spread on the network. Thus harmonic is a threat for instrument, network, decreasing of line capacity and etc. Active power ï¬lter (APF) can be employed for harmonic compensation in power systems. In this paper a distorted distribution feeder is considered and analyzed from power quality viewpoint using power analyzer device and simulated in MATLAB-Mfile. Then the size and place of active power filters are determined by use of Biogeography Based Optimization (BBO). The goal of this optimization is minimizing of losses and total harmonic distortion (THD) in feeder by considering economical cost.Â The performance of the approaches are assessed and appreciated by a case study on the Ghaemshahr-Iran Distribution network. Measurement is done on the city network by power analyzer CA8310. All data was collected on Computer. Then researcher algorithm BBO, it is selected the best place and size for Active power filter. The results show a good performance.
RPL LOAD BALANCING IN INTERNET OF THINGS
Authors: Parsaei Mohammad Reza , Parnian Ahmad Reza , Miri Rostami Samaneh , Javidan Reza 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT:Â The wide address space provided by Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) lets any thing to be identified uniquely. consistency of the modified version of IPv6 protocol stack with smart objects, facilitated the Internet interconnection of the networks of smart objects and introduced Internet of things. A smart object is a small micro-electronic device that consists of a communication device, a small microprocessor and a sensor or an actuator. A network made of such devices is called low-power and lossy network. RPL routing protocol that is consistent to IPv6, is designed to be used in these kinds of networks. Load balancing is not considered in the RPL design process. Whenever RPL is used in large scale low-power and lossy networks some nodes will suffer from congestion and this problem severely degrades network performance. In this paper, we consider solutions provided to tackle RPL load balancing problems. Load balancing algorithms and protoclos are evaluated through simulation. We evaluate IETF RPL implementation and LB-RPL method with Contiki OS Java (COOJA) simulator. They are assessed comprehensively through metrics such as Packet delivery Ratio, Average End to End delay, and Gateway Throughput. LB-RPL improves RPL in terms of Packet delivery Ratio and throughput but increases Average End to End delay. Simulations results show that RPL load balancing needs extensive works to be performed yet.
Rational Cubics and Conics Representation: A Practical Approach
Authors: Sarfraz M. , Habib Z. 
Published: October 2018

A rational cubic spline, with one family of shape parameters, has been discussed with the view to its application in Computer Graphics. It incorporates both conic sections and parametric cubic curves as special cases. The parameters (weights), in the description of the spline curve can be used to modify the shape of the curve, locally and globally, at the knot intervals. The rational cubic spline attains parametric smoothness whereas the stitching of the conic segments preserves visually reasonable smoothness at the neighboring knots. The curve scheme is interpolatory and can plot parabolic, hyperbolic, elliptic, and circular splines independently as well as bits and pieces of a rational cubic spline.Key Words: Computer Graphics, Interpolation, Spline, Conic, Rational Cubic
Performance Enhancement in L-Band Edfa Through Dual Stage Technique
Authors: H. Ahmad S. W. Harun and 
Published: October 2018

An experiment on gain enhancement in the long wavelength band erbium doped fiber amplifier (L-band EDFA) is demonstrated. It uses a dual stage technique with dual forward pumping scheme. Compared to a conventional single stage amplifier, the small signal gain for 1580nm signal can be improved by 5.5dB without paying much noise figure penalty. The corresponding noise figure penalty was 0.3dB due to the insertion loss of the optical isolator. The optimum pump power ratio for the first pump is experimentally determined to be 33%. The maximum gain improvement of 8.3dB was obtained at a signal wavelength of 1568nm while signal and total pump powers were fixed at -30dBm and 92mW, respectively. The employment of dual stage amplifier system seems to play an important role in the development of practical L-band EDFA from the perspective of economical usage of pump power.Key Words: erbium doped fibre; optical amplifier; L-band EDFA; dual stage EDFA; amplified spontaneous emission