bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postprandial glycaemic and lipaemic responses to chronic coffee consumption may be modulated byCYP1A2polymorphisms
Authors: Robertson Tracey M. , Clifford Michael N. , Penson Simon , Williams Peter , Robertson M. Denise 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThere is much epidemiological evidence suggesting a reduced risk of development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in habitual coffee drinkers, however to date there have been few longer-term interventions, directly examining the effects of coffee intake on glucose and lipid metabolism. Previous studies may be confounded by inter-individual variation in caffeine metabolism. Specifically, the rs762551 SNP in theCYP1A2gene has been demonstrated to influence caffeine metabolism, with carriers of theCallele considered to be of a ‘slow’ metaboliser phenotype. This study investigated the effects of regular coffee intake on markers of glucose and lipid metabolism in coffee-naïve individuals, with novel analysis by rs762551 genotype. Participants were randomised to either a coffee group (n19) who consumed four cups/d instant coffee for 12 weeks or a control group (n8) who remained coffee/caffeine free. Venous blood samples were taken pre- and post-intervention. Primary analysis revealed no significant differences between groups. Analysis of the coffee group by genotype revealed several differences. Before coffee intake, theACgenotype (‘slow’ caffeine metabolisers,n9) displayed higher baseline glucose and NEFA than theAAgenotype (‘fast’ caffeine metabolisers,n10,P<0·05). Post-intervention, reduced postprandial glycaemia and reduced NEFA suppression were observed in theACgenotype, with the opposite result observed in theAAgenotype (P<0·05). These observed differences between genotypes warrant further investigation and indicate there may be no one-size-fits-all recommendation with regard to coffee drinking and T2D risk.
Effect of nutritional supplement on bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells from aplastic anaemia
Authors: Luo Shihua , Chen Yinghai , Zhao Lifen , Qi Xia , Miao Xiaoyan , Zhou Huimin , Jia Li 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAplastic anaemia (AA) is characterised by pancytopenia resulting from a marked reduction in haemopoietic stem cells (HSC). The regulation of haemopoiesis depends on the interaction between HSC and various cells of the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment, including BM-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSC). The purpose of this study was to analyse the biological effect of nutritional supplement (NS), a dietary supplement consisting of thirty-six compounds: amino acids, nucleotides, vitamins and micronutrients on the BMSC of AA rats. The AA rat model was established by irradiating X-ray (2·5 Gy) and intraperitoneal injections of cyclophosphamide (35 mg/kg; Sigma) and chloramphenicol (35 mg/kg; Sigma). Then AA rats were fed with NS in a dose-dependent manner (2266·95, 1511·3, 1057·91 mg/kg d) by intragastric administration. The effect of NS on the BMSC of AA rats was analysed. As compared with AA rats, NS treatment significantly improved these peripheral blood parameters and stimulated the proliferation of total femoral nucleated cells. NS treatment affected proliferative behaviour of BMSC and suppressed BMSC differentiation to adipocytes. Furthermore, NS treatment of AA rats accelerated osteogenic differentiation of BMSC and enhanced bone mineral density. Co-incubation of HSC with mesenchymal stromal cells and serum from AA rats subjected to high-dose NS markedly improved the yield of CD34+cells. Protein microarray analysis revealed that there were eleven differentially expressed proteins in the NS group compared with the AA rat group. The identified specific NS might be implicated in rehabilitation of BMSC in AA rats, suggesting their potential of nutritional support in AA treatment.
‘Two Young Ladies in Connection with a Certain School:’ The Watson-Ketcheson Affair of 1952–53 and the Remains of Eugene R. Fairweather
Authors: Lofft Jonathan S. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTwo young teachers posted at an Indian Residential School in Saskatchewan, Canada, sought to act as whistleblowers regarding abuse there in 1952–53. Theologian Eugene R. Fairweather of Trinity College, Toronto, acted as their advocate and spiritual advisor. A significant correspondence, mostly purged from the official record, considered the reports of the whistleblowers, their fate, and the fraught place of the Residential Schools in Canadian Anglicanism in the decades before the era of Truth and Reconciliation. This article examines the relevant correspondence, retained only in the archival remains of Fairweather at Trinity. The correspondence, which adds to existing narratives of Anglican complicity in and responses to abuse at the Schools, suggests that future research must scrutinize official as well as previously overlooked sources of information, particularly the archival repositories of universities and theological schools, in search of the truth.
Ultra-fast polymer optical fibre Bragg grating inscription for medical devices
Authors: Bonefacino Julien , Tam Hwa-Yaw , Glen Tom S , Cheng Xin , Pun Chi-Fung Jeff , Wang Jian , Lee Po-Heng , Tse Ming-Leung Vincent , Boles Steven T 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe report the extraordinary result of rapid fibre Bragg grating inscription in doped polymer optical fibres based on polymethyl methacrylate in only 7 ms, which is two orders of magnitude faster than the inscription times previously reported. This was achieved using a new dopant material, diphenyl disulphide, which was found to enable a fast, positive refractive index change using a low ultraviolet dose. These changes were investigated and found to arise from photodissociation of the diphenyl disulphide molecule and subsequent molecular reorganization. We demonstrate that gratings inscribed in these fibres can exhibit at least a 15 times higher sensitivity than silica glass fibre, despite their quick inscription times. As a demonstration of the sensitivity, we selected a highly stringent situation, namely, the monitoring of a human heartbeat and respiratory functions. These findings could permit the inscription of fibre Bragg gratings during the fibre drawing process for mass production, allowing cost-effective, single-use, in vivo sensors among other potential uses.
Quantum enhancement of accuracy and precision in optical interferometry
Authors: Kaiser Florian , Vergyris Panagiotis , Aktas Djeylan , Babin Charles , Labonté Laurent , Tanzilli Sébastien 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWhite-light interferometry is one of today’s most precise tools for determining the properties of optical materials. Its achievable precision and accuracy are typically limited by systematic errors due to a high number of interdependent data-fitting parameters. Here, we introduce spectrally resolved quantum white-light interferometry as a novel tool for optical property measurements, notably, chromatic dispersion in optical fibres. By exploiting both spectral and photon-number correlations of energy-time entangled photon pairs, the number of fitting parameters is significantly reduced, which eliminates systematic errors and leads to an absolute determination of the material parameter. By comparing the quantum method to state-of-the-art approaches, we demonstrate the quantum advantage of 2.4 times better measurement precision, despite requiring 62 times fewer photons. The improved results are due to conceptual advantages enabled by quantum optics, which are likely to define new standards in experimental methods for characterising optical materials.
A high-brightness large-diameter graphene coated point cathode field emission electron source
Authors: Shao Xiuyuan , Srinivasan Avinash , Ang Wei Kean , Khursheed Anjam 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThere have been several long-standing problems of cold field emission sources for electron microscopy and lithography that have prevented their widespread use, such as their inherent ultrahigh vacuum condition requirement (<10–9 torr), relatively poor current stability and rapid emission decay. This paper presents a cold field emission electron source which overcomes these problems based upon using a graphene-coated nickel point cathode. Preliminary experiments demonstrate that it provides stable emission for relatively large tip diameters (micron sizes), can operate in high vacuum conditions (>10−8 torr) and has an ultralow work function value of 1.10 ± 0.07 eV. It has an estimated reduced brightness value of 1.46 × 109 A m−2 sr−1 V−1 for cathode tip-radius of 170 nm and the measured energy spread ranges from 0.246 eV to 0.420 eV for a tip radii range of 260 nm to 500 nm, which is comparable to state-of-the-art conventional cold field emission sources.
Opening PANDORA’s box: APEX observations of CO in PNe
Authors: Guzman-Ramirez L. , Gómez-Ruíz A. I. , Boffin H. M. J. , Jones D. , Wesson R. , Zijlstra A. A. , Smith C. L. , Nyman Lars-Åke 
Published: March 2018

Context. Observations of molecular gas have played a key role in developing the current understanding of the late stages of stellar evolution.
Aims. The survey Planetary nebulae AND their cO Reservoir with APEX (PANDORA) was designed to study the circumstellar shells of evolved stars with the aim to estimate their physical parameters.
Methods. Millimetre carbon monoxide (CO) emission is the most useful probe of the warm molecular component ejected by low- to intermediate-mass stars. CO is the second-most abundant molecule in the Universe, and the millimetre transitions are easily excited, thus making it particularly useful to study the mass, structure, and kinematics of the molecular gas. We present a large survey of the CO (J = 3−2) line using the Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment (APEX) telescope in a sample of 93 proto-planetary nebulae and planetary nebulae.
Results. CO (J = 3−2) was detected in 21 of the 93 objects. Only two objects (IRC+10216 and PN M2-9) had previous CO (J = 3−2) detections, therefore we present the first detection of CO (J = 3−2) in the following 19 objects: Frosty Leo, HD 101584, IRAS 19475+3119, PN M1-11, V* V852 Cen, IC 4406, Hen 2-113, Hen 2-133, PN Fg 3, PN Cn 3-1, PN M2-43, PN M1-63, PN M1-65, BD+30 3639, Hen 2-447, Hen 2-459, PN M3-35, NGC 3132, and NGC 6326.
Conclusions. CO (J = 3−2) was detected in all 4 observed pPNe (100%), 15 of the 75 PNe (20%), one of the 4 wide binaries (25%), and in 1 of the 10 close binaries (10%). Using the CO (J = 3−2) line, we estimated the column density and mass of each source. The H2 column density ranges from 1.7 × 1018 to 4.2 × 1021 cm−2 and the molecular mass ranges from 2.7 × 10−4 to 1.7 × 10−1 M⊙.
Integration of Biochemometrics and Molecular Networking to Identify Antimicrobials in Angelica keiskei
Authors: Caesar Lindsay , Kellogg Joshua , Kvalheim Olav , Cech Richard , Cech Nadja 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBotanical medicines have been utilized for centuries, but it remains challenging to identify bioactive constituents from complex botanical extracts. Bioassay-guided fractionation is often biased toward abundant or easily isolatable compounds. To comprehensively evaluate active botanical mixtures, methods that allow for the prioritization of active compounds are needed. To this end, a method integrating bioassay-guided fractionation, biochemometric selectivity ratio analysis, and molecular networking was devised and applied to Angelica keiskei to comprehensively evaluate its antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. This approach enabled the identification of putative active constituents early in the fractionation process and provided structural information for these compounds. A subset of chalcone analogs were prioritized for isolation, yielding 4-hydroxyderricin (1, minimal inhibitory concentration [MIC] ≤ 4.6 µM, IC50 = 2.0 µM), xanthoangelol (2, MIC ≤ 4.0 µM, IC50 = 2.3) and xanthoangelol K (4, IC50 = 168 µM). This approach allowed for the identification of a low-abundance compound (xanthoangelol K) that has not been previously reported to possess antimicrobial activity and facilitated a more comprehensive understanding of the compounds responsible for A. keiskei’s antimicrobial activity.
Flexible Hilfe
Authors: Dißmann Steffen 
Published: March 2018

Zusammenfassung
Autismus-Therapie Bei Menschen mit einer Autismus-Spektrum-Störung ist es wichtig, dass Pflegende flexibel und anpassungsfähig auf sie reagieren. Außerdem
sollten die Angehörigen aktiv in die Therapie miteinbezogen werden, damit sie das Verhalten des Betroffenen verstehen und lernen, damit umzugehen. Unser Autor
stellt praxiserprobte Methoden vor, mit denen eine professionelle Unterstützung gelingen kann.
Consumer behaviour in tourism.
Authors: Ballantyne R. , Moutinho L. , Rate S. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

This chapter introduces the most important classic tenets in consumer behaviour with respect to their applicability in the tourism field. The chapter first deals with behavioural determinants of a broader nature, concentrating on reference group influences. Next, concepts concerning the individual are presented with a focus on: (i) tourist self-image; (ii) perception and cognition; (iii) motivation; and (iv) attitude and intention. Finally, an overview of the decision-making process is given, and other important determinants of tourist decision making, including the 'evoked set', are discussed.
Strategic creativity in tourism business.
Authors: Rajah K. K. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

This chapter discusses what creativity is all about and why creativity-based approaches can be strategically a more effective way to plan ahead and offer new options to tourism in the context of the experience economy and attention economy. Topics covered include the factors affecting creativity (including motivation, cognitive style and intuition), different types of problems, the creative problem-solving (CPS) process, and the techniques for each CPS stage.
Empowerment and human resource management in tourism.
Authors: Kokkranikal J. , Wilson J. , Cronje P. , Radhakrishnan N. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

This chapter analyses the strategic role of employee empowerment in enhancing quality and competitiveness within the tourism industry. Starting with a discussion that reviews some current definitions of empowerment, it intends to arrive at a practical understanding of what empowerment means within the service industry and what this entails. The chapter also explores supporting disciplines, in the interests of looking towards the future of empowerment and its potential to become a core strategic driving force.
Process-based management in tourism.
Authors: Southern G. , Moutinho L. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

This chapter looks at process thinking in travel and tourism. It first considers what is meant by a business process, the process-based management (PBM) and the act of business process re-engineering (BPR). It then describes management movements that led to the breakthrough in the early 1990s in BPR and other developments since then. The influence of tourism futurecast on the drive towards PBM is covered, as well as the role of PBM in tourism marketing. Examples of BPR in tourism are presented.
Leveraging known genomic variants to improve detection of variants, especially close-by Indels
Authors: Vo Nam S , Phan Vinhthuy 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Motivation
The detection of genomic variants has great significance in genomics, bioinformatics, biomedical research and its applications. However, despite a lot of effort, Indels and structural variants are still under-characterized compared to SNPs. Current approaches based on next-generation sequencing data usually require large numbers of reads (high coverage) to be able to detect such types of variants accurately. However Indels, especially those close to each other, are still hard to detect accurately.

Results
We introduce a novel approach that leverages known variant information, e.g. provided by dbSNP, dbVar, ExAC or the 1000 Genomes Project, to improve sensitivity of detecting variants, especially close-by Indels. In our approach, the standard reference genome and the known variants are combined to build a meta-reference, which is expected to be probabilistically closer to the subject genomes than the standard reference. An alignment algorithm, which can take into account known variant information, is developed to accurately align reads to the meta-reference. This strategy resulted in accurate alignment and variant calling even with low coverage data. We showed that compared to popular methods such as GATK and SAMtools, our method significantly improves the sensitivity of detecting variants, especially Indels that are close to each other. In particular, our method was able to call these close-by Indels at a 15–20% higher sensitivity than other methods at low coverage, and still get 1–5% higher sensitivity at high coverage, at competitive precision. These results were validated using simulated data with variant profiles extracted from the 1000 Genomes Project data, and real data from the Illumina Platinum Genomes Project and ExAC database. Our finding suggests that by incorporating known variant information in an appropriate manner, sensitive variant calling is possible at a low cost.

Availability and implementation
Implementation can be found in our public code repository https://github.com/namsyvo/IVC.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Proactive Infliximab Monitoring Following Reactive Testing is Associated With Better Clinical Outcomes Than Reactive Testing Alone in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Papamichael Konstantinos , Vajravelu Ravy K , Vaughn Byron P , Osterman Mark T , Cheifetz Adam S 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Background and Aims
Reactive testing has emerged as the new standard of care for managing loss of response to infliximab in inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. Recent data suggest that proactive infliximab monitoring is associated with better therapeutic outcomes in IBD. Nevertheless, there are no data regarding the clinical utility of proactive infliximab monitoring after first reactive testing. We aimed to evaluate long-term outcomes of proactive infliximab monitoring following reactive testing compared with reactive testing alone in patients with IBD.

Methods
This was a retrospective multicenter cohort study of consecutive IBD patients on infliximab maintenance therapy receiving a first reactive testing between September 2006 and January 2015. Patients were divided into two groups; Group A [proactive infliximab monitoring after reactive testing] and Group B [reactive testing alone]. Patients were followed through December 2015. Time-to-event analysis for treatment failure and IBD-related surgery and hospitalization was performed. Treatment failure was defined as drug discontinuation due to either loss of response or serious adverse event.

Results
The study population consisted of 102 [n = 70, 69% with CD] patients [Group A, n = 33 and Group B, n = 69] who were followed for (median, interquartile range [IQR]) 2.7 [1.4–3.8] years. Multiple Cox regression analysis identified proactive following reactive TDM as independently associated with less treatment failure (hazard ratio [HR] 0.15; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.05–0.51; p = 0.002) and fewer IBD-related hospitalizations [HR: 0.18; 95% CI 0.05–0.99; p = 0.007].

Conclusions
This study showed that proactive infliximab monitoring following reactive testing was associated with greater drug persistence and fewer IBD-related hospitalizations than reactive testing alone.
Recent purse-seine FAD fishing strategies in the eastern Pacific Ocean: what is the appropriate number of FADs at sea?
Authors: Lennert-Cody Cleridy E , Moreno Gala , Restrepo Victor , Román Marlon H , Maunder Mark N 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Concerns about the ecological impact of recent increases in the use of drifting fish-aggregating devices (FADs) have led to implementation of FAD limits worldwide in purse-seine fisheries targeting tropical tunas. However, quantitative analyses supporting such management measures are needed. Analyses of observer data for purse-seine vessels operating in the eastern Pacific Ocean (EPO) during 2012–2015 were conducted. FAD fishing strategies identified in this analysis were found to vary with distance to the coast. Vessels that operated furthest offshore made a large number of FAD deployments and fished primarily on FADs they deployed themselves. Vessels that operated closest to the coast made the fewest FAD deployments and fished about equally on FADs they deployed themselves and on FADs deployed by other vessels. Independent of the FAD fishing strategy, the estimated relationship between deployments and sets was increasing but nonlinear, with a reduced rate of return beyond about 200 deployments. An analysis of the relationship between deployments and standardized catch per successful set, however, provided some support for the hypothesis that more deployments may allow vessels to optimize fishing efficiency. These results highlight the complexity of EPO FAD fishing strategies and have management implications for limits on FAD usage globally.
A Nursing Partnership to Accelerate Academic Progression
Authors: Kumm Sharon , Laverentz Delois 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Associate degree nursing faculty in a Midwestern state reported that their students were being excluded from many clinical experiences and that their graduates were not being hired in Magnet® or Magnet-seeking hospitals. University and community college faculty formed a partnership to promote academic progression. Barriers of residency requirements, financial aid, and accreditation were overcome. Students complete all BSN prerequisites, take ADN and BSN courses simultaneously, graduate with both degrees, and take the national licensure examination. This is a viable model allowing nursing students to remain in their home town, thus decreasing costs and increasing the number of BSN-prepared nurses in rural areas.