bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of a Hypocaloric, Nutritionally Complete, Higher Protein Meal Plan on Regional Body Fat and Cardiometabolic Biomarkers in Older Adults with Obesity
Authors: Serra Monica C. , Beavers Daniel P. , Henderson Rebecca M. , Kelleher Jessica L. , Kiel Jessica R. , Beavers Kristen M. 
Published: February 2019

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Whether improvements in cardiometabolic health following weight loss (WL) are associated with changes in regional body fat distribution (gluteal vs. ­android) is not well documented. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Older (age: 70 ± 4 years; mean ± SD) adults with obesity were randomized to a 6-month WL program (WL; <i>n</i> = 47), accomplished using a hypocaloric, nutritionally complete, higher protein ­(targeting ≥1.0 g/kg/day) meal plan, or a weight stability (WS; <i>n</i> = 49) program. Android, gynoid, visceral, and subcutaneous abdominal fat masses (via dual energy X-ray absorptiometry ) and fasting glucose and lipid profiles were assessed at baseline and 6 months. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The WL group lost more body weight (WL: –8.6% vs. WS: –1.7%, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.01), resulting in a reduction in fat mass at each region only following WL (all <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05). The decline in the ratio of android/gynoid fat mass also was significant only following WL, resulting in greater declines than WS (mean [95% CI]; WL: –0.026 [–0.040 to –0.011] vs. WS: 0.003 [–0.012 to 0.019] g, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.01). The change in the ratio of visceral/subcutaneous abdominal fat mass was not significant in either group and did not differ between groups (WL: 0.65 [–0.38 to 1.68] vs. WS: 0.05 [–1.00 to 1.10] g, <i>p</i> = 0.42). In general, the improvements in glucose and lipid profiles were associated with declines in fat mass at the gynoid and android regions (<i>r</i>’s = 0.20–0.42, all <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05), particularly the visceral depot but not the ratios. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> WL achieved via a hypocaloric, nutritionally complete, higher protein meal plan is effective in reducing body fat in the android, gynoid, and visceral depots, which relate to cardiometabolic improvements.
O burguês confrontado
Authors: Dias Pedro Lotti Carvalho 
Published: February 2019

Nos dias 8 e 15 de novembro de 1931, Mário de Andrade publicou dois artigos no jornal Diário Nacional em que tematizava a febre da malária, conhecida na floresta amazônica como a “maleita”. Nestes artigos, valendo da posição de intelectual que a ele era reconhecido, confrontara o que era dado como “bom senso” burguês ao lançar o disparate de que a maleita amazônica possuía virtudes inefáveis aos habitantes de São Paulo. Esta publicação contara com o material de testemunho de viagem de Mário de Andrade produzido na expedição para a Amazônia organizada pela sra. Olivia Penteado. Com a legitimidade para tratar de assuntos amazônicos que lhe vinha da expedição, o autor descreveu o “maleiteiro” da Amazônia como virtuoso naquilo que em São Paulo era escasso, a paciência, sendo por isto o seu texto uma confrontação aberta à arrogância dos cidadãos brasileiros que alcançaram um elevado grau de urbanidade em seus estilos de vida. Neste artigo exporemos o conteúdo deste confronto.
Aprendizagem ativa conectada em meio ao caos do estudante-ator-rede
Authors: Prado Magaly Parreira 
Published: February 2019

Este artigo traz uma reflexão sobre educação na comunicação. Modelos topdown são postos em discussão e em paulatino desuso desde a chegada da internet. Professores em conjunto aos alunos descobrem e atualizam o conhecimento em tempo real e compartilham saberes criando laços. Eis apenas dois dos princípios da base deste estudo, o Conectivismo, que Siemens (2005) postula: a manutenção de um conhecimento atualizado e rigoroso é o objetivo de todas as atividades de aprendizagem coletivistas e a aprendizagem pode residir em dispositivos não humanos. Sua teoria além de levar em conta as tendências da aprendizagem, o uso da tecnologia e das redes enfatiza a diminuição da meia-vida do conhecimento. Assim, uma das propostas foi cruzar o pensamento de Siemens com autores como, entre outros, Downes, Brown, Santaella, e Latour que nos inspira a aplicar no dia a dia as ações, transcrições, interações com os estudantes a colaborar nesta reflexão.
The Hemiptera-Sternorrhyncha (Insecta) of Hong Kong, China—an annotated inventory citing voucher specimens and published records
Authors: MARTIN JON H. , LAU CLIVE S.K. 
Published: February 2019

An account of the Sternorrhyncha recorded from Hong Kong, comprising approximately 485 species, is presented. This is primarily based upon voucher holdings in the collection of the Natural History Museum, London and it includes incompletely identified taxa. Also included are records based solely on published data. Host plant data are included where known and there are four appendices for quick cross-reference of names, groups and hosts. One new species in the Aleyrodidae is described, Rhachisphora takahashii sp. nov.. One new synonymy in the Aleyrodidae is proposed, Aleurocanthus cheni Young (1942) becoming a junior synonym of A. spiniferus (Quaintance, 1903) syn. nov.. Two nomenclatural changes in the Psylloidea are proposed: Colophorina hungtouensis Fang & Yang (1986) comb. nov. is transferred from Psylla; Macrohomotoma sinica Yang & Li (1984) is proposed as a junior synonym of M. gladiatum Kuwayama (1908), syn. nov.. One nomenclatural change in the Diaspididae (Coccoidea) is proposed: Neoparlatoria lithocarpi Takahashi (1934) is removed from synonymy with N. formosana Takahashi (1931), stat. rev.
On the use of high-level taxonomic names
Authors: HEDGES S. BLAIR 
Published: February 2019

Asher & Helgen (2010) recently proposed some rules for naming animal taxa above the family level—names that are currently unregulated. They suggested that strict priority be used as a criterion for high-level names and that such priority be based on group content rather than the procedure used for low-level taxa, anchored to constituent taxa. Authorship of a high-level name thus may vary in a complex way depending on content. While it is true that taxonomic codes are always in need of improvement, the lack of regulation of high-level names has not caused major problems. Originality, priority, stability, and other common sense considerations usually come to play in a process that can be described as community consensus. Their proposed system would lead to less stability because names would lack both permanent anchors (e.g., types) and permanent authors, and would be based on something (group content) susceptible to change with time. Furthermore, name selection may frequently conflict with common usage, leading to confusion and instability. An example of the problems with these rules is their preferred name for the order containing tenrecs and golden moles, Tenrecoidea, which has a long history of different meanings (content). Instead, the most commonly used name, Afrosoricida, is also preferred because it does not have that confusing history and has a more typical suffix (-a) for a mammalian order.
Extratropical Forcing of Submonthly Variations of Rainfall in Vietnam
Authors: Tuan Bui Minh 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
An EOF analysis is applied to high-resolution Vietnam Gridded Precipitation anomalies to support the notion that the characteristics of intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) of rainfall in Vietnam are distinct from location to location and highly affected by topography. Power spectral analysis reveals that the ISO of rainfall in Vietnam is dominated by submonthly-scale ISO (SISO), which is most active in September–October. The rainfall SISO shows remarkable relationships with heavy rainfall days in the Red River Delta and Mid-Central and Central Highlands but relatively weak correlations with heavy rainfall days in the Northeast and Southern Plain. A composite technique applied to filtered OLR and ERA-Interim shows that the first four principal components (PCs) of the rainfall SISO involve four different processes that closely relate to extratropical systems. The rainfall SISO in the PC1 is governed by interaction between the pressure surge induced by the submonthly amplifications of the Siberian high and tropical depressions (TDs). Rainfall SISO in PC2 is modulated by the convergence of the southward excursion of the polar air mass and TD-type waves. Rainfall SISO in PC3 is generated by the quasigeostrophic lifting of the extratropical wave train associated with TD-type waves. The effect of upstream development of the wave train from the North Pacific and TD-type wave is the key process inducing the rainfall SISO in PC4.
Incorporation of the Rotor-Equivalent Wind Speed into the Weather Research and Forecasting Model’s Wind Farm Parameterization
Authors: Redfern Stephanie , Olson Joseph B. , Lundquist Julie K. , Clack Christopher T. M. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Wind power installations have been increasing in recent years. Because wind turbines can influence local wind speeds, temperatures, and surface fluxes, weather forecasting models should consider their effects. Wind farm parameterizations do currently exist for numerical weather prediction models. They generally consider two turbine impacts: elevated drag in the region of the wind turbine rotor disk and increased turbulent kinetic energy production. The wind farm parameterization available in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model calculates this drag and TKE as a function of hub-height wind speed. However, recent work has suggested that integrating momentum over the entire rotor disk [via a rotor-equivalent wind speed (REWS)] is more appropriate, especially for cases with high wind shear. In this study, we implement the REWS in the WRF wind farm parameterization and evaluate its impacts in an idealized environment, with varying amounts of wind speed shear and wind directional veer. Specifically, we evaluate three separate cases: neutral stability with low wind shear, high stability with high wind shear, and high stability with nonlinear wind shear. For most situations, use of the REWS with the wind farm parameterization has marginal impacts on model forecasts. However, for scenarios with highly nonlinear wind shear, the REWS can significantly affect results.
Long term veno-venous extracorporeal life support without intravenous anticoagulation for diffuse alveolar hemorrhage
Authors: Galvagno Samuel M , Shah Nirav G , Cornachione Christopher R , Deatrick Kristopher B , Mazzeffi Michael A , Menaker Jay 
Published: February 2019

Introduction: Diffuse alveolar damage is the histologic hallmark for the acute phase of acute respiratory distress syndrome and can occasionally present as diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. Case report: We report a patient with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage and acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring veno-venous extracorporeal life support for 210 days, who was successfully treated for a period of 130 consecutive days without intravenous anticoagulation. Discussion: Although there are a few brief reports detailing long extracorporeal life support runs, the literature is largely devoid of data regarding long-term extracorporeal life support without full systemic anticoagulation. Regular inspection of the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuit is critical because externally visible thrombi may predict internal thrombus generation with the potential for systemic embolization or abrupt oxygenator failure. In our case, multiple circuit and oxygenators changes were required. Conclusion: We have demonstrated that a patient with a contraindication for systemic anticoagulation can safely have veno-venous extracorporeal life support for prolonged periods without catastrophic thrombotic complications.
Weighted-Ball Velocity Enhancement Programs for Baseball Pitchers: A Systematic Review
Authors: Caldwell Jon-Michael E. , Alexander Frank J. , Ahmad Christopher S. 
Published: February 2019

Background: Weighted-implement training utilizing over- or underweight baseballs has increased in popularity at all levels in competitive baseball. However, there is no consensus on the efficacy or safety of these training methods. Hypothesis: This systematic review was intended to answer the following questions: Does weighted-ball training improve pitching velocity? Does weighted-ball training increase the risk of injury? Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Searches were conducted with MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the ProQuest Physical Education Index. Articles were included if the study population consisted of adult, adolescent, or youth baseball pitchers training with under- or overweight baseballs, with velocity as a measured outcome. Articles were excluded if they were review articles, examined sports other than baseball, utilized weighted implements other than baseballs, or were not published in peer-reviewed journals. Included articles were at least level 4 evidence. Data extracted for qualitative analysis included training protocol parameters (such as ball weight, number of pitches, duration of training), velocity change, and injuries or complications reported. Results: A total of 4119 article titles were retrieved, of which 156 were selected for abstract review. After manual removal of duplicates, 128 abstracts were reviewed. Of these, 17 met the inclusion criteria, and the full text was obtained. After full-text review, 7 additional articles were excluded, leaving 10 articles that met inclusion criteria and were included for analysis. Conclusion: Weighted-implement training increased pitching velocity in the majority of the included studies. However, the quality of available evidence was determined to be very poor, and there was marked heterogeneity in training protocols, ball weights, and study populations. There was inadequate evidence reported to determine the risk of injury with this type of training.
C/EBPβ is a critical mediator of IFN-α–induced exhaustion of chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells
Authors: Yokota Asumi , Hirai Hideyo , Sato Ryuichi , Adachi Hiroko , Sato Fumiko , Hayashi Yoshihiro , Sato Atsushi , Kamio Naoka , Miura Yasuo , Nakano Masakazu , . Tenen Daniel G , Kimura Shinya , Tashiro Kei , Maekawa Taira 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Even in the era of ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors, eradication of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) stem cells is necessary for complete cure of the disease. Interferon-α (IFN-α) has long been used for the treatment of chronic-phase CML, but its mechanisms of action against CML stem cells remain unclear. We found that IFN-α upregulated CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ) in BCR-ABL–expressing mouse cells by activating STAT1 and STAT5, which were recruited to a newly identified 3′ distal enhancer of Cebpb that contains tandemly aligned IFN-γ–activated site elements. Suppression or deletion of the IFN-γ–activated site elements abrogated IFN-α–dependent upregulation of C/EBPβ. IFN-α induced differentiation and exhaustion of CML stem cells, both in vitro and in vivo, in a C/EBPβ-dependent manner. In addition, IFN-α upregulated C/EBPβ and induced exhaustion of lineage− CD34+ cells from CML patients. Collectively, these results clearly indicate that C/EBPβ is a critical mediator of IFN-α–induced differentiation and exhaustion of CML stem cells.
Effect of progressive muscle relaxation with analgesic on anxiety status and pain in surgical patients
Authors: Hasanpour-Dehkordi Ali , Solati Kamal , Tali Shahriar Salehi , Dayani Mohamad Ali 
Published: February 2019

Introduction: surgery is a stressful experience for patients and most surgical patients have some degree of anxiety. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a relaxation technique in addition to narcotic analgesic on health promotion in surgical patients. Methods: in this clinical trial, 70 patients who were candidates for elective upper and lower gastrointestinal system surgery were selected. They were randomly divided into two groups: case (morphine 0.15 mg/kg daily in divided doses and progressive muscle relaxation (PMR)) and control (morphine 0.15 mg/kg daily in divided doses). In each patient, the PMR intervention would be performed for 20 minutes every 6 hours for 2 days until 2 hours before the operation. Vital signs and anxiety were evaluated in the two groups after surgery. Data were analysed by t-test, analysis of variance, and chi-square test. Results: a statistically significant difference was seen in vital signs, pain and anxiety between the two groups. However, there was also a significant difference between them in terms of economic status and insurance coverage, which could have had an effect on stress and anxiety. Conclusion: PMR could increase the pain threshold, stress and anxiety tolerance and adaptation level in surgical patients. Therefore, using this technique could be an appropriate way to reduce analgesic drug consumption.
Factors affecting quality of life in patients experiencing facial disfigurement due to surgery for head and neck cancer
Authors: Davidson Anna , Williams Julia 
Published: February 2019

Aim: to explore the factors affecting quality of life in patients who experience facial disfigurement resulting from surgical treatment for head and neck cancer. Background: the number of people diagnosed with head and neck cancers has been rising over the past 30 years. This, combined with the improved survivorship of cancer patients, has led to a need to understand how these patients adapt to the physical, social and emotional toll of cancer and facial disfigurement and how these affect quality of life. Methodology: a systematic search of four nursing and psychological-focused databases was undertaken using pertinent keywords. Findings: following a thematic analysis, four main themes and one subtheme emerged; changes within the self, social support; social reintegration; and help from healthcare professionals, which had the subtheme of information. Conclusion: facial disfigurement has a significant effect on patients' quality of life. Nurses are ideally placed to identify, inform and support patients and their family and friends.
Promoting wellness: Caregiver perceptions of student mental health in an alternative school in the United States
Authors: Jordan Kasey , Jackson Madison , Jordan Adam 
Published: February 2019

Background: Family perceptions of school environments are fundamental information for effective collaboration, but little is known about how families perceive academic alternatives for high-risk youth. Aims: The purpose of this study was to identify primary caregiver (i.e. parent and grandparent), perceptions of student mental health influences in an alternative school for middle and high school youth. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted with a grounded theory approach. Interviews were analysed using process coding. Findings: Major themes include escaping harm, connecting with others, promoting self-regulation, and protecting hope. Conclusions: School nurses may transfer these results to support health and wellness promoting interventions in youth at risk for dropping out of school. Key strategies for student mental health promotion are presented.
Individualized Dynamics in the Gut Microbiota Precede Crohn's Disease Flares
Authors: Braun Tzipi , Di Segni Ayelet , BenShoshan Marina , Neuman Sandra , Levhar Nina , Bubis Michael , Picard Orit , Sosnovski Katya , Efroni Gilat , Farage Barhom Sarit , Glick Saar Efrat , Lahad Avishay , Weiss Batia , Yablecovitch Doron , Lahat Adi , Eliakim Rami , Kopylov Uri , Ben-Horin Shomron , Haberman Yael ,   On behalf of Israeli IBD Research Nucleus (IIRN)
Published: February 2019

OBJECTIVES:
Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic relapsing-remitting gut inflammatory disorder with a heterogeneous unpredictable course. Dysbiosis occurs in CD; however, whether microbial dynamics in quiescent CD are instrumental in increasing the risk of a subsequent flare remains undefined.

METHODS:
We analyzed the long-term dynamics of microbial composition in a prospective observational cohort of patients with quiescent CD (45 cases, 217 samples) over 2 years or until clinical flare occurred, aiming to identify whether changes in the microbiome precede and predict clinical relapse. Machine learning was used to prioritize microbial and clinical factors that discriminate between relapsers and nonrelapsers in the quiescent phase.

RESULTS:
Patients with CD in clinical, biomarker, and mucosal remission showed significantly reduced microbial richness and increased dysbiosis index compared with healthy controls. Of the 45 patients with quiescent CD, 12 (27%) flared during follow-up. Samples in quiescent patients preceding flare showed significantly reduced abundance of Christensenellaceae and S24.7, and increased abundance of Gemellaceae compared with those in remission throughout. A composite flare index was associated with a subsequent flare. Notably, higher individualized microbial instability in the quiescent phase was associated with a higher risk of a subsequent flare (hazard ratio 11.32, 95% confidence interval 3–42, P = 0.0035) using two preflare samples. Importantly, machine learning prioritized the flare index and the intrapersonal instability over clinical factors to best discriminate between relapsers and nonrelapsers.

DISCUSSION:
Individualized microbial variations in quiescent CD significantly increase the risk of future exacerbation and may provide a model to guide personalized preemptive therapy intensification.
Esophagogastric Junction Distensibility on Functional Lumen Imaging Probe Topography Predicts Treatment Response in Achalasia—Anatomy Matters!
Authors: Jain Anand S. , Carlson Dustin A. , Triggs Joseph , Tye Michael , Kou Wenjun , Campagna Ryan , Hungness Eric , Kim Donald , Kahrilas Peter J. , Pandolfino John E. 
Published: February 2019

INTRODUCTION:
To compare the utility of the distensibility index (DI) on functional lumen imaging probe (FLIP) topography to other esophagogastric junction (EGJ) metrics in assessing treatment response in achalasia in the context of esophageal anatomy.

METHODS:
We prospectively evaluated 79 patients (at ages 17–81 years; 47% female patients) with achalasia during follow-up after pneumatic dilation, Heller myotomy, or per-oral endoscopic myotomy with timed barium esophagram, high-resolution impedance manometry, and FLIP. Anatomic deformities were identified based on consensus expert opinion. Patients were classified based on anatomy and EGJ opening to determine the association with radiographic outcome and Eckardt score (ES).

RESULTS:
Twenty-seven patients (34.1%) had an anatomic deformity—10 pseudodiverticula at myotomy, 7 epiphrenic diverticula, 5 sigmoid, and 5 sinktrap. A 5-minute column area of >5 cm2 was best associated with an ES of >3, with a sensitivity of 84% (P = 0.0013). Area under the curve for EGJ metrics in association with retention was as follows: DI, 0.90; maximal EGJ diameter, 0.76; integrated relaxation pressure, 0.64; and basal esophagogastric junction pressure, 0.53. Only FLIP metrics were associated with retention given normal anatomy (DI 2.4 vs 5.2 mm2/mm Hg and maximal EGJ diameter 13.1 vs 16.6 mm in patients with and without retention, respectively; P values < 0.0001 and 0.002). Using a DI cutoff of <2.8 as abnormal, 40 of 45 patients with retention (P = 0.0001) and 23 of 25 patients with an ES of >3 (P = 0.02) had a low DI and/or anatomic deformity. With normal anatomy, 21 of 22 patients with retention had a low or borderline low DI.

DISCUSSION:
The FLIP DI is most useful metric for assessing the effect of achalasia treatment on EGJ opening. However, abnormal anatomy is an important mediator of outcome and treatment success will be modulated by anatomic defects that impede bolus emptying.