bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary fatty acid source has little effect on the development of the immune system in the pyloric caeca of Atlantic salmon fry
Authors: Jalili Mahsa , Jin Yang , Bones Atle M. , Olsen Yngvar , Vadstein Olav , Østensen Mari-Ann , Buonocore Francesco , Gerdol Marco , Pallavicini Alberto , Scapigliati Giuseppe 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe quality and relative amounts of dietary lipids may affect the health and growth of cultured Atlantic salmon. So far, little is known about their effects on the performance of the fish immune system during early life stages and, in particular their importance in the transition from endogenous nutrition (yolk) in the alevin stage to exogenous nutrition in the later fry stage. We investigated the immunomodulatory effects of fish oil, vegetable oil and phospholipid-rich oil in feeds for farmed Atlantic salmon using a transcriptomic approach. The experiment allowed a fine-scale monitoring of gene expression profiles in two tissues, the pyloric caeca of the intestine and the liver, in a 94 days-long first feeding experiment. The analysis of transcriptional profiles revealed that first feeding induced a strong immunomodulation in the pyloric caeca after 48 days of feeding, lasting up to day 94 and possibly beyond. On the other hand, the differential effect of the three dietary regimes was negligible. We interpret this upregulation, undetectable in liver, as a potentiation of the immune system upon the first contact of the digestive system with exogenous feed. This process involved a complex network of gene products involved in both cellular and humoral immunity. We identified the classical pathway of the complement system, acting at the crossroads between innate and adaptive immunity, as a key process modulated in response to the switch from endogenous to exogenous nutrition.
The Generalized Analytical Expression for the Resonance Frequencies of Plasmonic Nanoresonators Composed of Folded Rectangular Geometries
Authors: Lu Hai , Li Lijun , Zhang Jun , Xia Shiqiang , Kang Xiubao , Huang Meng , Shen Kesheng , Dong Chao , Zhang Xianzhou 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA robust generalized analytical expression for resonance frequencies of plasmonic nanoresonators, which consists of folded rectangular structures, is proposed based on a circuit route. The formulation is rigorously derived from the lumped circuit analogue of the plasmon resonance in a rectangular metallic nanorod. Induced by the nonhomogeneous charge distributions in the plasmonic resonators of rectangular end-caps, the electromagnetic forces drive the harmonic oscillations of free electrons in the plasmonic nanoresonators, generating intrinsically nonlinear shape-dependent LC resonance responses. Even for the plasmonic nanoresonators with much larger structure sizes than the skin depths, the significant frequency deviations due to the phase-retardation behavior can still be adequately described by the generalized expression. Moreover, for a large range of plasmonic nanoresonators with various folded rectangular geometries, sizes and materials, the generalized analytical expression gives the underlining physics and provides accurate predictions, which are perfectly verified by a series of numerical simulations. Our studies not only offer quantitative insights of nearly any plasmonic nanoresonators based on folded rectangular geometries, but also reveal potential applications to design complex plasmonic systems, such as periodic arrays with embedded rectangular nanoresonators.
Extractive Fermentation for Process integration and amplified pullulan production by A. pullulans in Aqueous Two Phase Systems
Authors: Badhwar Parul , Kumar Punit , Dubey Kashyap Kumar 
Published: January 2019

AbstractExtractive fermentation technique or in situ product recovery process is a novel technique to segregate the desired product simultaneously in a fermentation process. For economic and high yield production of pullulan, Extractive fermentation process was applied fermentation process of A. pullulans. Aqueous Two Phase system (ATPS) systems were designed with various molecular mass of PEG (400, 600, 4000 and 6000) and dextran or mono/bi-sodium phosphate salts. Systems with short Tie Line length (TLL) 6.7 and 7.5% w/w for PEG-Salt and PEG-dextran respectively were chosen. Volume ratio for all the systems was kept constant at 1.0 and pH 7.0 for PEG-dextran and PEG-NaH2PO4 was maintained, whereas pH 9.0 was kept for PEG-Na2HPO4. A. pullulans, was found to be viable with PEG-NaH2PO4 and PEG-dextran systems. The biomass partitioned in the PEG rich top phase and the exopolysaccharide pullulan shown affinity towards the bottom phase. A maximum yield (36.47 g/L) was found with PEG 4000-Dextran 500 system of extractive fermentation process. The proposed process aptly integrates upstream and downstream process for continuous production and recovery of pullulan from the biomass, thus reducing the time quotient of the whole process.
TP53 rs1042522 C&gt;G polymorphism and Wilms tumor susceptibility in Chinese children: a four-center case–control study
Authors: Liu Peng , Zhuo Zhenjian , Li Wenya , Cheng Jiwen , Zhou Haixia , He Jing , Zhang Jiao , Wang Jiaxiang 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Wilms tumor is the most common renal malignancy that occurs in children. TP53 gene is considered as a tumor-suppressing gene through controlling cell growth. TP53 gene rs1042522 C&gt;G (Arg72Pro) polymorphism is widely investigated in various types of cancers. However, it is not established if TP53 rs1042522 C&gt;G polymorphism is a candidate variant for Wilms tumor risk. The aim of the study was to determine whether TP53 rs1042522 C&gt;G polymorphism is responsible for the risk of Wilms tumor in Chinese children. All subjects (355 cases and 1070 controls) from four centers of China were genotyped for rs1042522 C&gt;G polymorphism. The effect of rs1042522 C&gt;G polymorphism on Wilms tumor prevalence was analyzed using logistic regression models. We failed to detect a significant relationship between rs1042522 C&gt;G polymorphism and Wilms tumor risk. Further stratification analysis also could not detect a significant relationship. We conclude that TP53 rs1042522 C&gt;G polymorphism might not have enough impact on the risk of Wilms tumor. More validation study with larger sample size will be required to better define the role of TP53 rs1042522 C&gt;G polymorphism in Wilms tumor risk.
Cluster‐based distributed cooperative spectrum sensing over Nakagami fading using diversity reception
Authors: Sharma Girraj , Sharma Ritu 
Published: January 2019

Cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) can solve the problem of hidden terminal in cognitive radio (CR). CSS can be employed in two ways distributed and centralised. In wireless networking, clustering can provide network scalability, better resource allocation, and energy efficiency. Here, cluster‐based distributed CSS is investigated over Nakagami channel. In the proposed scheme, four fusion policies OR–OR, OR–AND, AND–OR, and AND–AND are investigated. An analytical framework has been presented to evaluate different parameters related to spectrum sensing, i.e. detection probability, false alarm probability, and missed detection probability for Nakagami fading channel. On the basis of the developed framework, the performance of cluster‐based distributed CSS has been compared with the centralised CSS. Results show that OR–OR fusion rule of the cluster‐based distributed CSS outperforms other fusion rules and centralised CSS. To achieve 80% probability of detection, SNR required is <10 dB in OR–OR fusion, whereas it is >10 dB for other fusion schemes. Further performance improvement is achieved by using square law selection and maximum ratio combining diversity schemes.
Orbital and physical parameters of eclipsing binaries from the All-Sky Automated Survey catalogue
Authors: Hełminiak K. G. , Tokovinin A. , Niemczura E. , Pawłaszek R. , Yanagisawa K. , Brahm R. , Espinoza N. , Ukita N. , Kambe E. , Ratajczak M. , Hempel M. , Jordán A. , Konacki M. , Sybilski P. , Kozłowski S. K. , Litwicki M. , Tamura M. 
Published: January 2019

Aims. We present results of the combined photometric and spectroscopic analysis of three detached eclipsing binaries, the secondary components of which are not visible or are very hard to identify in the optical spectra – ASAS J052743–0359.7, ASAS J065134–2211.5, and ASAS J073507–0905.7. The first one is the known visual binary ADS 4022, and we found that it is a quadruple system composed of two spectroscopic binaries, one of which shows eclipses. None of the systems have previously been recognized as a spectroscopic binary.Methods. We used the following telescopes/spectrographs to collect a number of high-resolution optical and IR spectra: Subaru/IRCS, CTIO-1.5 m/CHIRON,Euler/CORALIE, MPG-2.2 m/FEROS, OAO-188/HIDES, and TNG/HARPS-N. We used these data to calculate radial velocities (RVs) and later combined them with MITSuME and ASAS photometry. The Subaru/IRCS IR spectra were crucial for secure identification of the lines of the cooler components. Radial velocity measurements were made with the TODCOR technique, and RV curves were modelled with our own procedure V2FIT. Light-curve modelling was performed with JKTEBOP and PHOEBE codes. Temperatures and metallicities of two systems were estimated from spectra. For the ADS 4022 system we also used the archival WDS data and new SOAR observations in order to derive the orbit of the visual pair for the first time. Ages were estimated by comparing our results with PARSEC isochrones.Results. The eclipsing pair ASAS J052743–0359.7 A (P = 5.27 d) is composed of a 1.03(6)M⊙, 1.03(2)R⊙primary and a 0.60(2)M⊙, 0.59(2)R⊙secondary. The components of theP = 21.57 d non-eclipsing pair B likely have masses in between the two eclipsing components, and both pairs are on a ∼188 yr orbit around their common centre of mass. The system ASAS J065134-2211.5 (P = 8.22 d) consists of a 0.956(12)M⊙, 0.997(4)R⊙primary and a 0.674(5)M⊙, 0.690(7)R⊙secondary. Finally, ASAS J073507-0905.7 (P = 1.45 d), which consists of a 1.452(34)M⊙, 1.635(12)R⊙primary and a 0.808(13)M⊙, 0.819(11)R⊙secondary, is likely a pre-main sequence system. In all cases secondary eclipses are total.
Structure of a collisionless pair jet in a magnetized electron–proton plasma: flow-aligned magnetic field
Authors: Dieckmann M. E. , Folini D. , Hotz I. , Nordman A. , Dell’Acqua P. , Ynnerman A. , Walder R. 
Published: January 2019

Aims. We study the effect a guiding magnetic field has on the formation and structure of a pair jet that propagates through a collisionless electron–proton plasma at rest.
Methods. We model with a particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation a pair cloud with a temperature of 400 keV and a mean speed of 0.9c (c - light speed). Pair particles are continuously injected at the boundary. The cloud propagates through a spatially uniform, magnetized, and cool ambient electron–proton plasma at rest. The mean velocity vector of the pair cloud is aligned with the uniform background magnetic field. The pair cloud has a lateral extent of a few ion skin depths.
Results. A jet forms in time. Its outer cocoon consists of jet-accelerated ambient plasma and is separated from the inner cocoon by an electromagnetic piston with a thickness that is comparable to the local thermal gyroradius of jet particles. The inner cocoon consists of pair plasma, which lost its directed flow energy while it swept out the background magnetic field and compressed it into the electromagnetic piston. A beam of electrons and positrons moves along the jet spine at its initial speed. Its electrons are slowed down and some positrons are accelerated as they cross the head of the jet. The latter escape upstream along the magnetic field, which yields an excess of megaelectronvolt positrons ahead of the jet. A filamentation instability between positrons and protons accelerates some of the protons, which were located behind the electromagnetic piston at the time it formed, to megaelectronvolt energies.
Conclusions. A microscopic pair jet in collisionless plasma has a structure that is similar to that predicted by a hydrodynamic model of relativistic astrophysical pair jets. It is a source of megaelectronvolt positrons. An electromagnetic piston acts as the contact discontinuity between the inner and outer cocoons. It would form on subsecond timescales in a plasma with a density that is comparable to that of the interstellar medium in the rest frame of the latter. A supercritical fast magnetosonic shock will form between the pristine ambient plasma and the jet-accelerated plasma on a timescale that exceeds our simulation time by an order of magnitude.
Fricative vowels as an intermediate stage of vowel apicalization
Authors: Hu Fang , Ling Feng 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDiphthongization and apicalization are two commonly detected phonetic and/or phonological processes for the development of high vowels, with the process of apicalization being of particular importance to the phonology of Chinese dialects. This paper describes acoustics and articulation of fricative vowels in the Suzhou dialect of Wu Chinese. Acquiring frication initiates the sound change. The production of fricative vowels in Suzhou is characterized by visible turbulent frication from the spectrograms, and a significant lower Harmonics-to-Noise Ratio vis-à-vis the plain counterparts. The acoustic study suggests that spectral characteristics of fricative vowels play a more important role in defining the vowel contrasts. The fricative high front vowels have comparatively greater F1 and smaller F2 and F3 values than their plain counterparts, and in the acoustic F1/F2 plane, the fricative vowels are located in an intermediate position between their plain and apical counterparts. The articulatory study revealed that that not only tongue dorsum but also tongue blade are involved in the production of fricative high front vowels in Suzhou. Phonologically, plain high front vowels, fricative high front vowels, and apical vowels distinguish in active place of articulation, namely being anterodorsal, laminal, and apical respectively; and frication becomes a concomitant and redundant feature in the production of fricative or apical vowels. It is concluded that the fine-grained phonetic details suggest that the fricative high front vowels in Suzhou is at an intermediate stage of vowel apicalization in terms of both acoustics and articulation.
Address forms in grammars and textbooks of West and South Slavic languages in the eighteenth and nineteenth century
Authors: Betsch Michael 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This contribution studies address forms in grammars and textbooks of several West and South Slavic languages of the eighteenth and nineteenth century, especially in the pedagogical dialogues that accompany these works. The languages in focus had been using several address forms borrowed from German (or Italian), and due to the efforts of linguistic purism, these borrowings were eliminated in the nineteenth century. The result is in all those languages a system of address pronouns consisting of the second person singular and plural. The purist efforts were motivated by the wish of restoring an older language form, or to approach an imagined ideal type of Slavic language; they are an effect of the national movements of these non-dominant ethnic groups (National Revival).
The Nuovo Galateo (‘New Galateo’, 1802) by Melchiorre Gioja, politeness (pulitezza) and reason
Authors: Saltamacchia Francesca , Rocci Andrea 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
In 1802 Melchiorre Gioja published the Nuovo Galateo (‘New Galateo’), a treatise that supplants the aristocratic model based on conventional ceremonies with a model based on ragione sociale ‘social reason’. The word and its morphological derived lexemes play an important role in the argumentative architecture of the treatise. We hypothesize that reason can be considered an argumentative keyword of the treatise, i.e. a word that evokes beliefs and values that function as endoxa. We examine the collocations and the constructions in which ragione and its derived lexemes enter, and we demonstrate how different key-constructions based on ragione are used to argumentatively justify politeness evaluations. This investigation not only confirms the argumentative keyness of the reason-related constructions, but also casts light on the utilitarian nature of the social reason underlying Gioja’s view of politeness.
Polarity in sociology of knowledge: the relationship between disciplinarity, curriculum, and social justice
Authors: Shalem Yael , Allais Stephanie 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis paper examines two influential views within the sociology of knowledge, specifically in literature examining relationships between knowledge, curriculum, and social justice, located in the South African context of extreme inequality and poverty. The first emphasizes the role of disciplines in creating criteria of powerful knowledge, arguing that knowledge must be evidence‐based, generalizable, and revisable. The second argues for the importance of the social origins of knowledge for reasons both of strengthening knowledge and creating curricula that foster confidence in young scholars. We then draw on what we see as the strongest claims of each view and explore the value they bring to thinking about knowledge and curriculum debates raised by community of practitioners within three disciplines in the social science – economics, education studies, and history. Our brief consideration of these disciplines reveals that different disciplines face specific challenges which transverse, in different ways, the polarity which characterizes the debate so far. Strong aspects of each view feature in the development of each of the three disciplines, some in negative ways. This is an interesting finding, which demonstrates that principled debates couched in epistemological terms, when applied to specific disciplines, do not remain as a simple binary.
A review on perfluoroalkyl acids studies: Environmental behaviors, toxic effects, and ecological and health risks
Authors: Liu Wenxiu , Wu Jingyi , He Wei , Xu Fuliu 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are emerging persistent organic pollutants that are globally distributed in the environment. In the present review, the occurrence of PFAAs and their behavior in aquatic ecosystem were summarized, and the health and ecological risk assessment and the multimedia fate simulation were investigated. PFAAs are most likely to exist in the aqueous phase, and PFAAs in atmosphere are also able to enter water bodies through diffusion and wet and dry deposition and eventually become widely distributed in various environmental media. The air-solid partition is considered to be one of the major factors in the long-distance transportation of the pollutants. The pKa values and organic carbon fraction of the sediment could influence the partition of PFAAs between water and sediment. Otherwise, PFAAs have teratogenic, mutagenic and other toxic effects and they could be accumulated by biota, and magnified through trophic level. The ecological and health risks of PFOA and PFOS were assessment. In order to explore the partition mechanism and reduce the uncertainty of the simulation of the transport, transformation and fate, the experimental methods on physicochemical properties of PFAAs should be developed. Moreover, further studies on toxicities of PFAAs are necessary for health and ecological risk assessment.
Adaptive Immune Responses in Humans During Nipah Virus Acute and Convalescent Phases of Infection
Authors: Arunkumar Govindakarnavar , Devadiga Santhosha , McElroy Anita K , Prabhu Suresh , Sheik Shahin , Abdulmajeed Jazeel , Robin Sudandiradas , Sushama Aswathyraj , Jayaram Anup , Nittur Sudheesh , Shakir Mohammed , Kumar Keeriyatt Govindan Sajeeth , Radhakrishnan Chandni , Sakeena Karayil , Vasudevan Jayasree , Reena Kalathil Joseph , Sarita Ragini Lohithakshan , Klena John D , Spiropoulou Christina F , Laserson Kayla F , Nichol Stuart T 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background
Nipah virus (NiV) is 1 of 10 potential causes of imminent public health emergencies of international concern. We investigated the NiV outbreak that occurred in May 2018 in Kerala, India. Here we describe the longitudinal characteristics of cell-mediated and humoral immune responses to NiV infection during the acute and convalescent phases in 2 human survivors.

Methods
Serial blood samples were obtained from the only 2 survivors of the NiV outbreak in Kerala. We used flow cytometry to determine the absolute T-lymphocyte and B-lymphocyte counts and the phenotypes of both T and B cells. We also detected and quantitated the humoral immune response to NiV by virus-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results
Absolute numbers of T lymphocytes remained within normal limits throughout the period of illness studied in both survivors. However, a marked elevation of activated CD8 T cells was observed in both cases. More than 30% of total CD8 T cells expressed Ki67, indicating active proliferation. Proliferating (Ki-67+) CD8 T cells expressed high levels of granzyme B and PD-1, consistent with the profile of acute effector cells. Total B-lymphocyte, activated B-cell, and plasmablast counts were also elevated in NiV survivors. These individuals developed detectable NiV-specific IgM and IgG antibodies within a week of disease onset. Clearance of NiV RNA from blood preceded the appearance of virus-specific IgG and coincided with the peak of activated CD8 T cells.

Conclusions
We describe for the first time longitudinal kinetic data on the activation status of human B- and T-cell populations during acute NiV infection. While marked CD8 T-cell activation was observed with effector characteristics, activated CD4 T cells were less prominent.
Universal Sums of m-Gonal Numbers
Authors: Kane Ben , Liu Jingbo 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
In this paper we study universal quadratic polynomials, which arise as sums of polygonal numbers. Specifically, we determine an asymptotic upper bound (as a function of $m$) on the size of the set $S_m\subset{\mathbb{N}}$ such that if a sum of $m$-gonal numbers represents $S_m$, then it represents ${\mathbb{N}}$.