bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptional mutagenesis mediated by 8-oxoG induces translational errors in mammalian cells
Authors: Dai Da-Peng , Gan Wei , Hayakawa Hiroshi , Zhu Jia-Lou , Zhang Xiu-Qing , Hu Guo-Xin , Xu Tao , Jiang Zhe-Li , Zhang Li-Qun , Hu Xue-Da , Nie Ben , Zhou Yue , Li Jin , Zhou Xiao-Yang , Li Jian , Zhang Tie-Mei , He Qing , Liu Dong-Ge , Chen Hai-Bo , Yang Nan , Zuo Ping-Ping , Zhang Zhi-Xin , Yang Huan-Ming , Wang Yao , Wilson Samuel H. , Zeng Yi-Xin , Wang Jian-Ye , Sekiguchi Mutsuo , Cai Jian-Ping 
Published: April 2018

Significance
We had previously shown that 8-oxoG:A mismatch pairing can occur at both the DNA and RNA levels, thus causing base substitutions in DNA and translation errors, respectively. However, little attention has been paid to the biological significance of oxidized mRNA or to the clearance mechanism for such RNA lesions in mammalian cells. Here, we developed a sensitive reporter system to capture sequence-altered proteins that are translated from 8-oxoG–containing mRNAs. Also, we applied a deep-sequencing method to measure the content of these sequence-changed mRNAs to correlate the relationship between 8-oxoG–containing mRNAs and sequence-altered proteins. Additionally, we found that the accumulation of 8-oxoG in RNA can accelerate the production of pathogenic amyloid β peptides in mammalian cells.
Spatial organization and dynamics of RNase E and ribosomes inCaulobacter crescentus
Authors: Bayas Camille A. , Wang Jiarui , Lee Marissa K. , Schrader Jared M. , Shapiro Lucy , Moerner W. E. 
Published: April 2018

SignificanceRegulated gene expression involves accurate subcellular positioning and timing of RNA synthesis, degradation, processing, and translation. RNase E is an endoribonuclease that forms the scaffold of the RNA degradosome in bacteria, responsible for the majority of mRNA turnover and RNA processing. We used 3D superresolution microscopy and single-particle tracking to quantify the spatial distribution and dynamics of RNase E and ribosomes in the asymmetrically dividing bacteriumCaulobacter crescentus. Our results show that active transcription and RNA substrate availability facilitate confinement and clustering of both RNase E and ribosomes. RNase E clusters colocalized with the subcellular position of the twoCaulobacterrRNA gene chromosomal loci, indicating that RNA processing can be spatially organized in a bacterium according to its transcriptional profile.
The pulmonary artery catheter: is it still alive?
Authors: De Backer Daniel , Vincent Jean-Louis 
Published: April 2018

Purpose of review
The present review discusses the current role of the pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) in the hemodynamic monitoring of critically ill patients.

Recent findings
The PAC has an important role in the characterization and management of hemodynamic alterations in critically ill patients. Use of the PAC has decreased in the last 30 years because of recent advances in less invasive hemodynamic monitoring techniques, in particular transpulmonary thermodilution and echocardiography, combined with the publication of the results of several randomized trials that failed to show improvements in outcome with the use of the PAC in various settings. Although it is obvious that the PAC should not be used in most critically ill patients, the PAC is still indicated in some patients with circulatory and/or respiratory failure, especially when associated with pulmonary hypertension or left heart dysfunction. As for any technique, optimal PAC use requires expertise in insertion, acquisition, and interpretation of measurements. The decrease in use of the PAC may unfortunately limit exposure of junior doctors and nurses to this device, so that they become less familiar with using the PAC, making it more complicated and less optimal.

Summary
The PAC still has an important role in the cardiopulmonary monitoring of critically ill patients.
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver is Contributing to the Increase in Cases of Liver Disease in US Emergency Departments
Authors: Bush Haley , Golabi Pegah , Otgonsuren Munkhzul , Rafiq Nila , Venkatesan Chapy , Younossi Zobair M. 
Published: April 2018

Goals/Background:
We aimed to assess temporal changes in the different types of liver disease (LD) cases and outcomes from emergency departments (EDs) across the United States.

Study:
We used data from the National Inpatient Survey database from 2005 to 2011. The International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) clinical modification codes identified hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), alcoholic liver disease (ALD), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and other LDs including autoimmune hepatitis. We excluded cases without LD, nonhepatocellular carcinoma–related cancers, human immunodeficiency virus infection, or those with missing information. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Controls were matched to cases without LD.

Results:
During the study period, 20,641,839 cases were seen in EDs. Of these, 1,080,008 cases were related to LD and were matched to controls without LD (N=19,557,585). The number of cases with LD increased from 123,873 (2005) to 188,501 (2011) (P<0.0001). Among cases with LD, diagnosis of HCV, HBV, and ALD remained stable during the study years (41.60% vs. 38.20%, 3.70% vs. 2.80%, and 41.4% vs. 38.5%, respectively), whereas NAFLD doubled [6.00% of all LD (2005) to 11.90% of all LD (2011) (P<0.0001)]. Diagnosis of LD in the ED independently predicted increased patient mortality [odds ratio, 1.20 (1.17 to 1.22)].

Conclusions:
The number of LD cases presenting to EDs is increasing, and a diagnosis of LD is associated with a higher patient mortality for those admitted through the ED. There is a dramatic increase of NAFLD diagnoses in the ED.
Markers of Environmental Enteric Dysfunction Are Associated With Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Tanzanian Children
Authors: Etheredge Analee J. , Manji Karim , Kellogg Mark , Tran Hao , Liu Enju , McDonald Christine M. , Kisenge Rodrick , Aboud Said , Fawzi Wafaie , Bellinger David , Gewirtz Andrew T. , Duggan Christopher P. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTBackground:Chronic exposure to enteropathogens may result in environmental enteric dysfunction (EED), a subclinical condition associated with poor child growth. Growth faltering is strongly associated with poor neurodevelopment, and occurs during sensitive periods of postnatal brain development. We investigated the role of novel EED biomarkers, systemic inflammation, and micronutrient status on neurodevelopment in Tanzanian children.Methods:Non‐stunted subjects with 6‐week and 6‐month blood samples and neurodevelopmental measures (n = 107) were included in this study. Samples were tested for biomarkers of gastrointestinal function (citrulline, antibodies to lipopolysaccharide, and flagellin), micronutrient status (iron, retinol binding protein [RBP], and vitamin D), systemic inflammation (C‐reactive protein [CRP] and alpha‐1‐acid glycoprotein), and growth (insulin‐like growth factor and insulin‐like growth factor binding protein 3).Results:Cognitive scores at 15 months were associated with higher concentrations of 6‐month anti‐lipopolysaccharide IgG (β = 1.95, P = 0.02), anti‐flagellin IgA (β = 2.41, P = 0.04), and IgG (β = 2.99, P = 0.009). Higher receptive language scores were positively associated with anti‐flagellin IgG (β = 0.95, P = 0.05), and receptive language and gross motor scores were positively associated with citrulline at 6 months (β = 0.09, P = 0.02; β = 0.10, P = 0.03, respectively). Gross motor scores were positively associated with RBP at 6 months (β = 1.70, P = 0.03). Markers of systemic inflammation were not significantly associated with neurodevelopment.Conclusions:Plasma citrulline, a marker of gastrointestinal mucosal surface area, and vitamin A status were associated with higher gross motor development scores. Novel markers for EED, but not inflammation, were positively associated with cognitive scores, suggesting a possible mechanistic pathway involving immune response and neuroprotection.
Multivariate Pattern Analysis of Volumetric Neuroimaging Data and Its Relationship With Cognitive Function in Treated HIV Disease
Authors: Underwood Jonathan , Cole James H. , Leech Robert , Sharp David J. , Winston Alan ,   for the CHARTER group
Published: April 2018

Background:
Accurate prediction of longitudinal changes in cognitive function would potentially allow for targeted intervention in those at greatest risk of cognitive decline. We sought to build a multivariate model using volumetric neuroimaging data alone to accurately predict cognitive function.

Methods:
Volumetric T1-weighted neuroimaging data from virally suppressed HIV-positive individuals from the CHARTER cohort (n = 139) were segmented into gray and white matter and spatially normalized before entering into machine learning models. Prediction of cognitive function at baseline and longitudinally was determined using leave-one-out cross-validation. In addition, a multivariate model of brain aging was used to measure the deviation of apparent brain age from chronological age and assess its relationship with cognitive function.

Results:
Cognitive impairment, defined using the global deficit score, was present in 37.4%. However, it was generally mild and occurred more commonly in those with confounding comorbidities (P < 0.001). Although multivariate prediction of cognitive impairment as a dichotomous variable at baseline was poor (area under the receiver operator curve 0.59), prediction of the global T-score was better than a comparable linear model (adjusted R
2 = 0.08, P < 0.01 vs. adjusted R
2 = 0.01, P = 0.14). Accurate prediction of longitudinal changes in cognitive function was not possible (P = 0.82). Brain-predicted age exceeded chronological age by mean (95% confidence interval) 1.17 (−0.14 to 2.53) years but was greatest in those with confounding comorbidities [5.87 (1.74 to 9.99) years] and prior AIDS [3.03 (0.00 to 6.06) years].

Conclusion:
Accurate prediction of cognitive impairment using multivariate models using only T1-weighted data was not achievable, which may reflect the small sample size, heterogeneity of the data, or that impairment was usually mild.
Cavernous Sinus Aneurysm Associated With Cerebellar Hemangioblastoma in an Adult With von Hippel-Lindau Disease
Authors: Zhou Hui , Sun Shuo , Shi Hui , Ma Kui 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
A case of cerebellar hemangioblastoma with von Hippel-Lindau disease and an aneurysm of the cavernous sinus segment of the internal carotid artery is presented here. A 60-year-old woman presented with a cerebellar solid tumor manifesting as headache of 4 months, progressive vomiting, and ataxia of half a month. Four-vessel angiography revealed a high stain mass tumor located in the posterior fossa; an aneurysm on the cavernous sinus segment of the internal carotid artery was demonstrated at the same time. The ipsilateral anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) and posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) branches were the main feeding vessels of the hemangioblastoma. The patient underwent left-lateral suboccipital craniectomy to remove the highly vascular hemangioblastoma. Successful total excision of the tumor was demonstrated on postoperative magnetic resonance (MR) images. The unruptured cavernous sinus aneurysm in this case was not on the feeding artery, which was asymptomatic and has not been treated further. The patient was in good condition in 1-year follow-up.
Cardiac Arrest and Death Attributable to the “Diving Response” Triggered During Incision and Debridement of an Abscess of the Forehead
Authors: Kane Steven M. , Davis Jacob 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The authors discuss about a patient who, while undergoing a routine procedure to drain a subcutaneous abscess within his forehead, suffered cardiac arrest that we conclude was caused by an activation of the diving response. This reflex affects homeostatic function which alters respiration and preferentially distributes oxygen stores to the heart and brain. Under some conditions, however, this reflex can also trigger cardiovascular collapse and death. The diving reflex is can begin with triggering receptors that are sensitive to cold water, submersion, or pressure within the nasal cavity and other areas supplied by the trigeminal nerve. Studies have shown that this afferent response primarily involves branches of the infraorbital nerve and the anterior ethmoidal nerve. However, other more superior nerves such as those exclusive to the forehead region may also be involved. This study demonstrates for the first time the risks and dangers involved in surgical procedures or manipulation of the trigeminal innervated areas of the human face and in particular the forehead.
Early Lactate Values After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: Associations With One-Year Outcome
Authors: Laurikkala Johanna , Skrifvars Markus B. , Bäcklund Minna , Tiainen Marjaana , Bendel Stepani , Karhu Jaana , Varpula Tero , Vaahersalo Jukka , Pettilä Ville , Wilkman Erika 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

Background:
Previous studies have shown associations between high admission serum lactate, lower lactate clearance, and increased short-term mortality after out-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). We studied whether lactate levels predict long- term outcome after OHCA.

Methods:
We included 458 OHCA patients with lactate measurements during intensive care unit (ICU) stay from the prospective FINNRESUSCI study. We evaluated thresholds for time-weighted (TW) mean lactate values for the first 24, 48, and 72 h. We analyzed lactate clearance and used multivariate regression to assess the prognostic value of the different measurement time points.

Results:
The admission lactate (median [IQR] 3.06 [2.68–3.44] mmol/L vs 4.76 [4.29–5.23] mmol/L) and the last measured lactate (0.98 [0.90–1.06] mmol/L vs 2.40 [2.03–2.78] mmol/L) were higher in non-survivors than in survivors, as were the lowest (0.73 [0.67–0.79] mmol/L vs 1.83 [1.52–2.14] mmol/L) and the highest (3.44 [3.05–3.83] mmol/L vs 5.25 [4.76–5.74] mmol/L) lactate values (all P < 0.001). Time-weighted mean lactate values for the first 24, 48, 72, and for the entire ICU stay were lower in patients with good outcome (P < 0.001). In multivariate backward regression models, time-weighted mean lactate for the entire ICU stay (OR 1.41 per mmol/L, CI 95% 1.08–1.86, P = 0.013) and the last measured lactate in the ICU (OR 2.16 per mmol/L, CI 95% 1.47–3.18, P < 0.001) were independent predictors of poor 1-year outcome.

Conclusions:
In the present study time-weighted mean lactate values for the entire ICU stay, and the last measured lactate value in the ICU, but not admission lactate or lactate clearance were independent predictors of poor 1-year outcome.
Adherence to 20 Emergency General Surgery Best Practices
Authors: Ingraham Angela M. , Ayturk M. Didem , Kiefe Catarina I. , Santry Heena P. 
Published: April 2018

Objective:
To examine national adherence to emergency general surgery (EGS) best practices.

Background:
There is a national crisis in access to high-quality care for general surgery emergencies. Acute care surgery (ACS), a specialty leveraging strengths of trauma systems, may ameliorate this crisis. A critical component of trauma care is adherence to clinical guidelines. We previously established best practices for EGS using RAND Appropriateness Methodology and pilot data.

Method:
A hybrid (postal/electronic) questionnaire measuring adherence to 20 EGS best practices was administered to respondents overseeing EGS at all eligible adult acute care general hospitals across the US (N = 2811). Questionnaire responses were analyzed using bivariate methods and multiple logistic regression.

Results:
The response rate was 60.1%. Adherence ranged from 8.5% for having an EGS registry to 86.2% for auditing 30-day postoperative readmissions. Adherence was higher for practices not restricted to EGS (eg, auditing readmissions) compared to EGS-specific practices (eg, registry, activation system). Adopting an ACS model of care increased adherence to practices for deferring elective cases; tiering urgent operations; following National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines; reversing anticoagulants; auditing returns to intensive care, time to evaluation, time to operation, and time to source control; and having transfer agreements to receive patients, ICU admission protocols, as well as EGS-specific activation systems, outpatient clinics, morbidity and mortality conferences, and registries.

Conclusions:
There is substantial room for performance improvement, and adopting an ACS model predicts better performance. This novel overview of adherence to EGS best practices will enable surgeons and policymakers to address variations in EGS care nationally.
Treatment Optimization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Elderly Patients in a Japanese Nationwide Cohort
Authors: Kaibori Masaki , Yoshii Kengo , Hasegawa Kiyoshi , Ogawa Asao , Kubo Shoji , Tateishi Ryosuke , Izumi Namiki , Kadoya Masumi , Kudo Masatoshi , Kumada Takashi , Sakamoto Michiie , Nakashima Osamu , Matsuyama Yutaka , Takayama Tadatoshi , Kokudo Norihiro 
Published: April 2018

Objective:
We reviewed nationwide follow-up data to determine outcomes of different treatments for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in elderly patients.

Summary Background Data:
Outcomes of early-stage HCC treatments in elderly patients have not been prospectively compared.

Methods:
We included 6490 HCC patients, aged ≥75 years at treatment, who underwent curative hepatic resection (HR, n = 2020), radiofrequency ablation (RFA, n = 1888), microwave ablation (MWA, n = 193), or transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE, n = 2389), and compared their characteristics and survival. We used matching propensity score analysis (PSA) between the HR and RFA subgroups with tumors ≤3 cm to overcome baseline bias.

Results:
The HR group had significantly longer recurrence-free survival (RFS) than the RFA, MWA, and TACE groups [RFA vs HR—hazard ratio: 1.22, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.09–1.37, P < 0.001; MWA vs HR—hazard ratio: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.22–1.88, P < 0.001; TACE vs HR—hazard ratio: 2.70, 95% CI: 2.44–2.99, P < 0.001). HR and RFA patients had significantly longer overall survival (OS) than the TACE group (RFA vs HR—hazard ratio: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.87–1.17, P = 0.919, TACE vs HR—hazard ratio: 2.11, 95% CI: 1.86–2.40, P < 0.001). PSA successfully matched HR and RFA patients from with primary HCC tumors ≤3.0 cm and similar liver function and tumor characteristics; and showed significantly longer RFS (hazard ratio: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.29–2.10, P < 0.001) and OS (hazard ratio: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.12–2.20, P = 0.009) for HR than for RFA (including subgroup analyses). In Cox proportional hazard analysis, HR offered better prognosis than RFA.

Conclusions:
HR decreases recurrence risk and improves OS in patients aged ≥75 years with primary HCC tumors ≤3.0 cm.
Eight Syndrome: Horizontal Gaze Palsy Plus Ipsilateral Seventh Nerve Palsy
Authors: Green Kemar E. , Rastall David P. W. , Eggenberger Eric R. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract:
A 62-year-old woman developed a right horizontal gaze palsy and ipsilateral facial nerve palsy due to a right pontine tegmentum infarct. This constitutes a forme fruste of the eight-and-a-half syndrome that we have termed the eight syndrome.
Astroplastic: A start-to-finish process for polyhydroxybutyrate production from solid human waste using genetically engineered bacteria to address the challenges for future manned Mars missions
Authors: Chen Xingyu , Ibrahim Syeda , Kunitskaya Alina , Schaaf Kaitlin , Wang Zi Fei , Gopalakrishan Preetha , Noor Maliyat , Wilton-Clark Harry , Grainger Jacob , Ivanova Alexandra , Lim Patricia , Olsakova Michaela , Bharadwaj Lalit , Sher Bilal , Feehan David , Varga Rachelle , Arcellana-Panlilio Mayi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSpace exploration has long been a source of inspiration, challenging scientists and engineers to find innovative solutions to various problems. One of the current focuses in space exploration is to send humans to Mars. However, the challenge of transporting materials to Mars and the need for waste management processes are two major obstacles for these long-duration missions.To address these two challenges a process called Astroplastic was developed that produces polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) from solid human waste, which can be used to 3D print useful items for astronauts. PHB granules are naturally produced by bacteria such asRalstonia eutrophaandPseudomonas aeruginosafor carbon and energy storage. ThephaJ, phaC,andphaCBAgenes were cloned from these native PHB-producing bacteria intoEscherichia coli. These genes code for enzymes that aid in PHB production by converting products of glycolysis and β-oxidation pathways, such as acetyl-CoA and enoyl-CoA, into PHB. To ensure a continuous PHB production system and to eliminate the need for cell lysis to extract PHB, recombinant E. coli was engineered to use the genes in its natural type I secretion system to secrete PHB. The C-terminal of the HlyA secretion tag was fused to phasin (PhaP), a protein originally fromR. eutropha. Phasin-HlyA electrostatically binds PHB granules and transports them outside of the cell.In addition to genetically engineering bacteria, a concept for start-to-finish PHB production process was designed. Integrating expert feedback and experimental results, conditions for each step of the process including the collection and storage of waste, volatile fatty acid (VFA) fermentation, VFA extraction, PHB fermentation, and PHB extraction were optimized. The optimized system will provide a sustainable and continuous PHB production system, which will address the problems of transportation costs and waste management for future space missions.Financial DisclosureMindfuel Science Alberta Foundation Genome Alberta GenScript Polyferm Canada GeekStarter Alberta Integrated DNA Technologies University of Calgary University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Bachelor of Sciences University of Calgary Schulich School of Engineering University of Calgary O’Brien Centre for the Bachelor of Health Sciences City of Calgary Alberta Innovates The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Competing InterestsThe authors have declared that no competing interests exist.Ethics StatementN/AData AvailabilityAll data are freely available without restriction.