bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Philosophy in Images: Analogies in Diderot’s D’Alembert’s Dream
Authors: Székesi Dóra 
Published: December 2018

In the 18th century literature and the sciences were considered complementary to each other. The Encyclopaedia’s entries explain that sciences help the improvement of literature, while science is made enjoyable by literature. Similarly, Diderot explains that philosophy, literature and the sciences assist each other. Diderot’s materialist philosophy of nature holds that nature has never been and will never be the same as one sees it in the present because the material of the Universe is always in motion. Therefore it is not sufficient to contemplate what is given in nature but all its possible versions should be accounted for. One can reveal necessary connections in nature by relying on one’s imagination, observations and suppositions. Diderot often reflects on the problem of the language of philosophy, and he uses many images in his philosophical texts that create his unique style. Senguin claims Diderot has created “the philosophy of images.” The paper names these images “analogies” and defines analogy as one version of the simile.
The paper argues that Diderot relies on analogies to describe processes of the human body, and that these analogies function to trigger the imagination of the reader. Diderot’s use of rhetorical tropes in philosophical and scientific texts were often criticized by his contemporaries, as there was no sufficient vocabulary to describe this style at the time. The paper claims that the analysis of how literary, philosophical, and scientific discourses interact in texts of the 18th century shows what the contemporary debate on style was about.
Machiavelli and the relativism of value criticism
Authors: Simon József 
Published: December 2018

Machiavelli’s reception is deeply divided. He has been both criticized as the evil executioner of state interests and celebrated as the representative of genuine Republicanism, the only person with an efficient and humane answer to challenges of historical determinism. These readings would suggest that his work belongs to the area of political philosophy, yet his philosophy cannot be surveyed without considering general aspects of value and the metaphysics of history. Machiavelli critiques the idea of objective value without a historical context: he basically maintains that the ontology of values is historical and that history has ontological relevance. He practically starts out with a project in ideology criticism, and this lays the foundation of his model of the historical event as a rhetorical space in which virtue (virtừ) manifests itself. His model of the historical event not only discredits any given theory of value but also projects a possibility of agency and innovation in history against historical determinism. In his model historical contents appear as elements of a rhetorical debate for keeping or acquiring power. Of course, throughout his work there is always a danger for regressing into an ahistorical model or axiology of history.
The paper claims that the accusation of “Machiavellian immorality” cannot be validated according to its vulgar sense but is rather the characteristic of a moral criticism that would like to secure the preconditions of history. The paper reads The Prince not as a reference letter to monarchic power but rather as a systematization of history. It is not a series of loosely linked historical event and anecdotes but a rhetorical analysis of the formal structures of history. In this sense, The Prince can be compared to Nietzsche’s debated ideas on value and history.
The metamorphosis of the soul. an attempt to read ancient philosophy as a praxis of life – Pierre Hadot, Philosophy as a Way of Life: Spiritual Exercises from Socrates to Foucault.
Authors: Faragó Emese 
Published: December 2018

The metamorphosis of the soul. An attempt to read ancient philosophy as a praxis of life – Pierre Hadot: Philosophy as a Way of Life: Spiritual Exercises from Socrates to Foucault. (Review)

Hadot, Pierre: Philosophy as a Way of Life: Spiritual Exercises from Socrates to Foucault. Trans. Ákos Cseke. Budapest, Kairosz, 2010.
On the everyday language of logics
Authors: Horváth Zoltán 
Published: December 2018

The paper investigates the question if formal logic is a valid tool for analysing everyday speech in Strawson, Quine, and Russell. Strawson accuses Russel of wanting to cleanse language of reference through logical analysis. In contrast to Russell, Strawson claims it is an illusion to think that formal logic is a valid tool for analysing everyday language and reference can be eliminated from it. Quine, similarly to Russell, considers logic the ideal analytical tool from which reference can be eliminated.
Yet both Strawson’s and Quine’s positions agree that everyday language use “has no logic.” One of them claims that this is why everyday language cannot be re-presented via logic, while the other maintains that is why everyday language has to be replaced by logic. Based on Russell, the paper argues that formal logic can indeed process referential expressions from everyday language use.
The Transcendental Illusion of History
Authors: Czétány György 
Published: December 2018

The paper forms one chapter of the upcoming book to be titled The Rise and History of Transcendental Illusion. The book project relies on the terminology of critical transcendental philosophy in order to analyse and criticise the process of how synthetic principles function in the constitution of actual reality. The article aims at studying the relation of history and synthetic principles in particular: how in certain historical periods certain synthetic principles dominate the constitution of reality. The core question is how cyclic, linear, or contingent philosophies of history come into being in certain periods of socio-cultural development.
A gödeli monadológia (első rész)
Authors: Moldvay Tamás 
Published: December 2018

Kurt Gödel életében a nem-teljességi tételei közreadása után két nevezetes esemény történik: paranoiássá válik, és elkötelezi magát a leibnizi monadológia mellett. „Az elméletem monadológia, benne egy központi monásszal (Istennel). Általános struktúráját tekintve olyan, mint Leibniz monadológiája”, nyilatkozza Gödel a 70-es években, néhány évvel a halála előtt. A paranoiás Gödel ugyanakkor egész életében retteg a rossz aknamunkájától és menekül az ördög elől – a lehetséges világok legjobbikában, Leibniz monadikus univerzumában. A jelen esszé ebben a feszültségi térben kalandozva szegez alapvető rendszertani kérdéseket mind a leibnizi, mind a gödeli monadológiának.
Managerial Delegation Contracts, “Green” R&D and Emissions Taxation
Authors: Poyago-Theotoky Joanna , Yong Soo Keong 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe introduce an explicit environmental incentive into a managerial compensation contract in the context of a Cournot duopoly with pollution externalities under an emissions tax regime. We show that, depending on the effectiveness of “green” R&D, compared to a standard sales compensation contract, the explicit environmental focused contract results in more abatement. As a consequence, the regulator sets a lower emissions tax, and social welfare is higher. Moreover, in general, firm owners earn higher profits when adopting the environmental delegation contract.
Framing the Basic Income: An Experimental Study of How Arguments and Metaphors Influence Individuals’ Opinion Formation
Authors: Legein Thomas , Vandeleene Audrey , Randour François , Heyvaert Pauline , Perrez Julien , Reuchamps Min 
Published: December 2018

AbstractUsing an experimental design, this paper tackles the question of the framing impact of metaphors by focusing on the opportunity to implement a basic income (BI) system in a given polity. We take advantage of the preliminary stage of the BI debate in Belgium to study the influence of discursive strategies on the opinion formation process of individuals, since carefully choosing the arguments employed to address this question can help increase its psychological feasibility. Our experiment aims at determining to what extent the confrontation of individuals to metaphors illustrating the BI system impacts the way they apprehend its implementation. We show that very light variations in an informative text can induce major differences in the opinion formation process of the participants. BI proponents should thus pay attention to which metaphors are put forward in the public debate, as this could modify its outcome.
Comparative biomechanical evaluation of two technologically different microprocessor-controlled prosthetic knee joints in safety-relevant daily-life situations
Authors: Bellmann Malte , Köhler Thomas Maximilian , Schmalz Thomas 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Safety-relevant gait situations (walking on stairs and slopes, walking backwards, walking with small steps, simulated perturbations of swing phase extension) were investigated in a motion analysis laboratory with six unilateral transfemoral amputees using two different microprocessor-controlled prosthetic knee joints (Rheo Knee XC, C-Leg). A randomized crossover design was chosen. The study results imply that the performance and safety potential of a microprocessor-controlled knee joint can be associated with the individual control algorithms and the technological concepts that are implemented to generate motion resistances for controlling flexion and extension movements. When walking with small steps, advantages of the “default swing” concept used in the Rheo Knee XC were identified due to a highly reproducible swing phase release. However, when walking backwards, this concept may lead to an uncontrolled knee flexion which partly resulted in falls. When walking down stairs, walking on slopes or while recovering from a stumble after perturbations of the swing phase extension, the C-Leg demonstrated a reliable prosthetic side load-bearing capacity resulting in reduced loading on the residual body. In contrast, the Rheo Knee XC required increased compensatory movements of the remaining locomotor system in order to compensate for reduced load-bearing and safety reserves.
Digital transformation in healthcare – architectures of present and future information technologies
Authors: Gopal Gayatri , Suter-Crazzolara Clemens , Toldo Luca , Eberhardt Werner 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Healthcare providers all over the world are faced with a single challenge: the need to improve patient outcomes while containing costs. Drivers include an increasing demand for chronic disease management for an aging population, technological advancements and empowered patients taking control of their health experience. The digital transformation in healthcare, through the creation of a rich health data foundation and integration of technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT), advanced analytics, Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI), is recognized as a key component to tackle these challenges. It can lead to improvements in diagnostics, prevention and patient therapy, ultimately empowering care givers to use an evidence-based approach to improve clinical decisions. Real-time interactions allow a physician to monitor a patient ‘live’, instead of interactions once every few weeks. Operational intelligence ensures efficient utilization of healthcare resources and services provided, thereby optimizing costs. However, procedure-based payments, legacy systems, disparate data sources with the limited adoption of data standards, technical debt, data security and privacy concerns impede the efficient usage of health information to maximize value creation for all healthcare stakeholders. This has led to a highly-regulated, constrained industry. Ultimately, the goal is to improve quality of life and saving people’s lives through the creation of the intelligent healthcare provider, fully enabled to deliver value-based healthcare and a seamless patient experience. Information technologies that enable this goal must be extensible, safe, reliable and affordable, and tailored to the digitalization maturity-level of the individual organization.
Paradigm changes for diagnosis: using big data for prediction
Authors: Roca Josep , Tenyi Akos , Cano Isaac 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Due to profound changes occurring in biomedical knowledge and in health systems worldwide, an entirely new health and social care scenario is emerging. Moreover, the enormous technological potential developed over the last years is increasingly influencing life sciences and driving changes toward personalized medicine and value-based healthcare. However, the current slow progression of adoption, limiting the generation of healthcare efficiencies through technological innovation, can be realistically overcome by fostering convergence between a systems medicine approach and the principles governing Integrated Care. Implicit with this strategy is the multidisciplinary active collaboration of all stakeholders involved in the change, namely: citizens, professionals with different profiles, academia, policy makers, industry and payers. The article describes the key building blocks of an open and collaborative hub currently being developed in Catalonia (Spain) aiming at generation, deployment and evaluation of a personalized medicine program addressing highly prevalent chronic conditions that often show co-occurrence, namely: cardiovascular disorders, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus; metabolic syndrome and associated mental disturbances (anxiety-depression and altered behavioral patterns leading to unhealthy life styles).
Local limit theorems for one class of distributions in probabilistic combinatorics
Authors: Timashev Aleksandr N. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractLet a functionf(z) be decomposed into a power series with nonnegative coefficients which converges in a circle of positive radiusR. Let the distribution of the random variableξn,n∈ {1, 2, …}, be defined by the formula$$\begin{array}{} \displaystyle P\{\xi_n=N\}=\frac{\mathrm{coeff}_{z^n}\left(\frac{\left(f(z)\right)^N}{N!}\right)}{\mathrm{coeff}_{z^n}\left(\exp(f(z))\right)},\,N=0,1,\ldots \end{array} $$for some ∣z∣ <R(if the denominator is positive). Examples of appearance of such distributions in probabilistic combinatorics are given. Local theorems on asymptotical normality for distributions ofξnare proved in two cases: a) iff(z) = (1 −z)−λ,λ= const ∈ (0, 1] for ∣z∣ < 1, and b) if all positive coefficients of expansion f (z) in a power series are equal to 1 and the setAof their numbers has the form$$\begin{array}{} \displaystyle A = \{m^r \, | \, m \in \mathbb{N} \}, \, \, r = \mathrm {const},\; r \in \{2,3,\ldots\}. \end{array} $$A hypothetical general local limit normal theorem for random variablesξnis stated. Some examples of validity of the statement of this theorem are given.
Aromatase excess syndrome in a Chinese boy due to a novel duplication at 15q21.2
Authors: Tan Xinrui , Wu Xiaochuan , Chen Jie , Wu Yan , Li Shijun , Chen Xianmei , Zhang Xingxing 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background
Aromatase excess syndrome (AEXS) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder caused by CYP19A1 overexpression. Clinical manifestations of AEXS include pre- or peri-pubertal gynecomastia, advanced bone age and compromised adult height.

Case presentation
Here we report an 8-year-old boy diagnosed with AEXS by chromosomal array that revealed a 1.1 Mb novel de novo duplication at 15q21.2, with a predicted final height of 157.4 cm. We prescribed letrozole and growth hormone (GH) to maximize his linear growth. Without further bone age advancement, his height increased from 137.7 cm to 144 cm after an 8-month treatment period.

Conclusions
We identified a novel duplication at 15q21.2 in AEXS, and found that aromatase inhibitor (AI) plus GH might provide a better growth-promoting approach for AEXS patients.
Calcination-carbonization two-step process to improve the brightness of fly ash and its application in paper filling
Authors: Fan Hui-ming , Zhu Gao-peng , Qi Ya-nan , Liu Jian-an 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Chromogenic sources such as carbon particles and magnetic particles are the key factors restricting the brightness of fly ash. This study explored the feasibility of calcination-carbonation two-step method to improve the brightness of fly ash and apply it to paper filling. The results show that Under the condition of high temperature, the unburned carbon particles in fly ash are removed, and the brightness of fly ash is increased from 30 %ISO to 49 %ISO with the increase of burning loss. The dense calcium carbonate coating can be formed on the surface of fly ash particles modified by the carbonation reaction process after high temperature calcination, and the brightness of fly ash can be further raised to about 66 %ISO. The composite filler prepared by two-step method can be used to paper filling, the brightness of the paper can reach 76 % ISO, and it has good opacity at 20 % filling. Therefore, it is feasible to prepare fly ash-based composite filler by calcining-carbonization method.
Sorption capacities of chitosan/polyethylene oxide (PEO) electrospun nanofibers used to remove ibuprofen in water
Authors: Paradis-Tanguay Laurence , Camiré Alexandre , Renaud Mathilde , Chabot Bruno , Lajeunesse André 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Pharmaceutical residues coming from urban wastewater were recognized as a major source of pollution for the aquatic environment. Their occurrence in most municipal effluent seems to indicate that conventional wastewater treatments have only a limited ability to remove such substances from sewage. Therefore, the undesired effects caused by these emergent contaminants on the environment force the authorities to consider new measures to treat and recycle contaminated water. In this study, electrospun nanofibers made of chitosan and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) were used to remove the anti-inflammatory drug ibuprofen in solution. The electrospinning parameters such as the mixture solution concentration, applied voltage, distance needle-collector, and flow rate were optimized to get the best nanofiber morphology characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). With the use of a high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet diode array detection (HPLC-UV DAD) system, sorption tests were performed by modifying experimental conditions, e.g. pH, concentration of ibuprofen, and temperature of the tested solutions. Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich (DR) adsorption models were compared for the mathematical description of adsorption equilibria. Kinetic assays showed that the adsorption of chitosan nanofiber followed a pseudo-second-order model. After 20 min of exposure, 25 mg of nanofiber had removed 70% of the initial ibuprofen concentration.
A review on nanocomposite hydrogels and their biomedical applications
Authors: Rafieian Shirin , Mirzadeh Hamid , Mahdavi Hamid , Masoumi Mir Esmaeil 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
In order to improve the drawbacks related to hydrogels, nanocomposite hydrogels were developed by incorporating different types of nanoparticles or nanostructures in the hydrogel network. This review categorizes nanocomposite hydrogels based on the type of their nanoparticle into four groups of carbon-, polymeric-, inorganic- and metallic-based nanocomposite hydrogels. Each type has specific properties that make them appropriate for a special purpose. This is mainly attributed to the improvement of interactions between nanoparticles and polymeric chains and to the enhancement of desirable properties for target applications. The focus of this paper is on biomedical applications of nanocomposite hydrogels and the most recent approaches made to fulfill their current limitations.
CFD Analysis and Experimental Validation of the Flow Field in a Rib Roughed Turbine Internal Cooling Channel
Authors: Sohret Yasin , Karakoc T. Hikmet 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Advances in thermal science force us to develop more efficient systems. The efficiency of widely-used gas turbine engines, is highly dependent on turbine inlet temperature. However, a high turbine inlet temperature yields material deterioration and long term degradation of turbines. To prevent material deterioration, cooling the hot zones of gas turbine engines, particularly turbine components and blades, is a priority. In this way, long term degradation of the turbine is prevented, while the thermal efficiency of the gas turbine engine is boosted. In the current paper, a flow field within a rib roughed blade internal cooling channel is discussed. Within this scope, a computational fluid dynamics analysis is conducted using a Standard k-ω turbulence model. After this, the same case is experimentally investigated. Experimental results obtained from particle image velocimetry measurements are used to validate the results of the computational fluid dynamics analysis. At the end of the study, the flow field is fully mapped with the recirculation and separation zones being clearly pinpointed.
A new structural motif for cadmium dithiocarbamates: crystal structures and Hirshfeld surface analyses of homoleptic zinc and cadmium morpholine dithiocarbamates
Authors: Ahmad Jimmy , How Fiona N.-F. , Halim Siti Nadiah Abdul , Jotani Mukesh M. , Lee See Mun , Tiekink Edward R.T. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The crystal and molecular structures of two homoleptic morpholine-derived dithiocarbamates of zinc, binuclear {Zn[S2CN(CH2CH2)2O)2]2}2 (1), and cadmium, one-dimensional coordination polymer {Cd[S2CN(CH2CH2)2O)2]2}2 (2), are described. In 1, a centrosymmetric binuclear molecule is found as there are equal numbers of chelating and bidentate bridging dithiocarbamate ligands; weak transannular Zn···S interactions are found within the resultant eight-membered {···SCSZn}2 ring which has the form of a chair. The resultant 4+1 S5 donor set is highly distorted with the geometry tending towards a square-pyramid. By contrast, a square-planar geometry is found in centrosymmetric 2 defined by symmetrically chelating dithiocarbamate ligands. The presence of Cd···S secondary bonding in the crystal of 2 leads to a distorted 4+2 S6 octahedron and a linear coordination polymer, which is unprecedented in the structural chemistry of cadmium dithiocarbamates. The analyses of the Hirshfeld surfaces for 1 and 2 show the dominance of H···H, S···H/H···S and O···H/H···O contacts to the surface, i.e. contributing around 90 and 80%, respectively.
A chemo-enzymatic approach for the synthesis of human milk oligosaccharide backbone structures
Authors: Muschiol Jan , Meyer Anne S. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The ability of an engineered β-N-acetylhexosaminidase to utilize a reactive oxazoline as donor molecule for transglycosylation reaction to synthesize human milk oligosaccharide backbone structures was studied. The human milk oligosaccharide precursor lacto-N-triose II and three regioisomers could be synthesized using the oxazoline, which was either in situ-generated resulting in a chemo-enzymatic sequential cascade or was used as a purified compound. The highest observed concentration of overall transglycosylation products in a cascade reaction was 13.7 mM after 18.5 h, whereas the use of purified oxazoline resulted in 25.0 mM of transglycosylation products after 6.5 h. Remarkably, the in situ-generated oxazoline could be used without any further purification and it was shown that the used enzyme tolerated significant amounts of reagents such as triethylamine, which is reported for the first time for an enzyme from the glycoside hydrolase family 20.