bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Late Cenozoic Clockwise Rotations in the Westernmost Part of the Arcuate Qiulitage Fold‐and‐Thrust Belt of Southern Tian Shan Foreland and Its Tectonic Implications
Authors: Zhang Zhiliang , Sun Jimin , Lü Lixing , Tian Shengchen , Cao Mengmeng , Su Bai , Li Jiawei , Li Yousheng 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCurvature of fold‐and‐thrust belts (FTBs) is a rather common feature in foreland basins. The problem of how curves in FTBs originate is essential for understanding the propagation of deformation and tectonic history of orogens. In this study, we carried out systematic paleomagnetic studies in the westernmost part of the Qiulitage FTB, southern Tian Shan foreland, where thrusting, strike‐slip fault, and tectonic boundary coexist. Our new results suggest that the study area has been subjected to ~20° clockwise rotations after ~5 Ma. Oroclinal test of the paleomagnetic data across the FTB suggests that oroclinal bending caused by the formation of the curved Qiulitage FTB is the dominate reason for these tectonic rotations. The Kalayuergun dextral strike‐slip transfer fault delimiting the western boundary of the Qiulitage FTB is a thin‐skinned structure accommodating the discrepancy in horizontal displacement on both sides of it. These results also suggest that the formation of the curved Qiulitage FTB should not be older than ~5 Ma, indicating that the southern Tian Shan foreland has experienced significant tectonic shortening since the latest Miocene to early Pliocene. Our new results, together with previous studies on deformation history, estimates of crustal shortening, GPS observations and earthquake records, suggest that the southern Tian Shan foreland has been subjected to significant deformation during the past ~5 million years, and the crustal shortening is still ongoing.
The Evolution of the Complex Anticlinal Belt With Crosscutting Strike‐Slip Faults in the Central Tarim Basin, NW China
Authors: Qiu Huabiao , Deng Shang , Cao Zicheng , Yin Ting , Zhang Zhongpei 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntegrated 2‐D and 3‐D seismic data sets reveal that a WNW trending complex anticlinal belt (the Tazhong Uplift) was cut roughly perpendicularly by a series of NNE oriented strike‐slip faults in the central Tarim Basin, NW China. Through detailed interpretation of the internal architecture of the Tazhong Uplift and the structural characteristics of the strike‐slip faults, the timing of their movements was determined. Based upon their geometric relationship and coeval movement, we propose an integrated model for the evolution of both the Tazhong Uplift and the strike‐slip fault system. Initially, the Tazhong Uplift formed perpendicular to the NNE oriented compression that responded to the collision between the Tarim block and the western Kunlun terrane in the latest Middle Ordovician. Meanwhile, regional joints formed parallel to the maximum compression, that is, perpendicular to the Tazhong Uplift. In the latest Ordovician, northward compression caused the uplifting climax of the Tazhong Uplift in response to the collision between the Tarim block and the coherent eastern Kunlun‐Altyn Tagh‐Qaidam‐Qilian terrane. Under such a northward compression, the resolved shear stress on the NNE trending joints formed the transpressional strike‐slip faults. Afterward, the Tazhong Uplift tilted northward during the ongoing subduction from the Kunlun Ocean, which lasted until the latest Middle Devonian. The negative flower structures formed along the preexisting transpressional strike‐slip faults due to the dragging of the overlying covers in the latest Middle Devonian. The data and evolution model not only unveil the formation mechanism of the Tazhong Uplift and the associated strike‐slip faults but also provide further constraints on the evolutionary age of the Proto‐Tethys Ocean.
Impact of Mafic Underplating and Mantle Depletion on Subsequent Rifting: A Numerical Modeling Study
Authors: Chenin Pauline , Jammes Suzon , Lavier Luc L. , Manatschal Gianreto , Picazo Suzanne , Müntener Othmar , Karner Garry D. , Figueredo Patricio H. , Johnson Christopher 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOrogenesis in the Variscan belt of Western Europe was followed by a major magmatic event during the Permian that formed a mafic lower crust by crystallizing pyroxenite and gabbros from mantle‐derived melts at the base of the continental crust. Partial melting of the asthenosphere left a significantly depleted mantle that was progressively incorporated into the subcontinental lithospheric mantle as the orogenic domain cooled. The potential impact of such large‐scale thermal and lithologic layering has never been taken into account in the study of the Alpine Tethys and North Atlantic rift systems that developed subsequently in Western Europe. Here we investigate via numerical modeling how a mafic heterogeneity within the lowermost part of a quartzo‐feldspathic continental crust and/or a zone of depleted mantle within the lithospheric mantle beneath a former orogenic domain could have influenced subsequent rifting. Our numerical modeling results indicate that, in a thermally equilibrated lithosphere, a mafic body within the lower continental crust or a zone of shallow depleted mantle prevents rifting of overlying weaknesses (e.g., faults and suture zones). We propose that the regional mafic lower crust beneath the Variscan orogenic domain may explain why the Tethyan and southern North‐Atlantic rift systems did not localize at former suture zones of the Western European orogenic lithosphere.
Organic Nutrients Support High Primary Production in the Bay of Bengal
Authors: Sarma V. V. S. S. , Rao D. N. , Rajula G. R. , Dalabehera H. B. , Yadav K. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe Bay of Bengal (BoB) is known to experience low productivity but high sinking carbon fluxes to the bottom, and this paradox is attributed to mineral ballast of organic matter. We found for the first time that primary production in the BoB is higher, and it is supported by dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and phosphorus (DOP) transported from the shelf regions through eddies. Both DON and DOP contribute up to 70–99% to the total dissolved nutrients in the waters above the thermocline. DON and DOP displayed positive relationship with primary production in the upper 25 m of water column, suggesting that organic nutrients significantly support primary producers. Primary production and export production in the BoB is comparable to that in the Arabian Sea, in contrast to the earlier belief that it has low production due to lack of inorganic nutrients caused by strong salinity stratification.
Equatorial Propagation of the Magnetosonic Mode Across the Plasmapause: 2‐D PIC Simulations
Authors: Min Kyungguk , Němec František , Liu Kaijun , Denton Richard E. , Boardsen Scott A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRecent studies have indicated that fast magnetosonic waves (also referred to as equatorial noise) excited far outside the plasmapause cannot propagate deep into the plasmasphere because of the preferential azimuthal propagation of the waves at the source region. Since conditions in the low‐density plasma trough are typically favorable for the wave excitation, one possible explanation for the magnetosonic wave origin inside the plasmapause is refraction of the waves excited in the plasma trough but close to the plasmapause. In this study, two‐dimensional particle‐in‐cell (PIC) simulations are carried out at the dipole magnetic equator to investigate the self‐consistent excitation and propagation of magnetosonic waves across the steep plasmapause density gradient. The simulations show that the magnetosonic waves grow outside the plasmapause and propagate predominantly in the azimuthal direction. However, the waves excited close to the plasmapause experience refraction toward the density gradient, allowing them to cross the plasmapause and then propagate dominantly toward the Earth. The amount of refraction is in good agreement with a theoretical prediction based on the geometric optic approximation. We find that the refraction at the plasmapause can redirect magnetosonic waves toward the Earth, but an additional mechanism is needed to account for the statistical properties of the wave electric field polarization reported in the plasmasphere.
Proteomics quantifies protein expression changes in a model cnidarian colonised by a thermally tolerant but suboptimal symbiont
Authors: Sproles Ashley E , Oakley Clinton A , Matthews Jennifer L , Peng Lifeng , Owen Jeremy G , Grossman Arthur R , Weis Virginia M , Davy Simon K 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe acquisition of thermally tolerant algal symbionts by corals has been proposed as a natural or assisted mechanism of increasing coral reef resilience to anthropogenic climate change, but the cell-level processes determining the performance of new symbiotic associations are poorly understood. We used liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry to investigate the effects of an experimentally induced symbiosis on the host proteome of the model sea anemone Exaiptasia pallida. Aposymbiotic specimens were colonised by either the homologous dinoflagellate symbiont (Breviolum minutum) or a thermally tolerant, ecologically invasive heterologous symbiont (Durusdinium trenchii). Anemones containing D. trenchii exhibited minimal expression of Niemann-Pick C2 proteins, which have predicted biochemical roles in sterol transport and cell recognition, and glutamine synthetases, which are thought to be involved in nitrogen assimilation and recycling between partners. D. trenchii-colonised anemones had higher expression of methionine-synthesising betaine–homocysteine S-methyltransferases and proteins with predicted oxidative stress response functions. Multiple lysosome-associated proteins were less abundant in both symbiotic treatments compared with the aposymbiotic treatment. The differentially abundant proteins are predicted to represent pathways that may be involved in nutrient transport or resource allocation between partners. These results provide targets for specific experiments to elucidate the mechanisms underpinning compensatory physiology in the coral–dinoflagellate symbiosis.
Clinical outcomes of two patients with a novel pathogenic variant in ASNS: response to asparagine supplementation and review of the literature
Authors: Sprute Rosanne , Ardicli Didem , Oguz Kader Karli , Malenica-Mandel Anna , Daimagüler Hülya-Sevcan , Koy Anne , Coskun Turgay , Wang Haicui , Topcu Meral , Cirak Sebahattin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAsparagine synthetase deficiency (ASNSD, OMIM #615574) is a rare autosomal recessive neurometabolic inborn error that leads to severe cognitive impairment. It manifests with microcephaly, intractable seizures, and progressive cerebral atrophy. Currently, there is no established treatment for this condition. In our pediatric cohort, we discovered, by whole-exome sequencing in two siblings from Turkey, a novel homozygous missense mutation in asparagine synthetase at NM_133436.3 (ASNS_v001): c.1108C>T that results in an amino acid exchange p.(Leu370Phe), in the C-terminal domain. After identification of the metabolic defect, treatment with oral asparagine supplementation was attempted in both patients for 24 months. Asparagine supplementation was well tolerated, and no further disease progression was observed during treatment. One of our patients showed mild developmental progress with increased levels of attention and improved nonverbal communication. These results support our hypothesis that asparagine supplementation should be further investigated as a treatment option for ASNSD. We further reviewed all previously reported ASNSD cases with regard for their clinical phenotypes and brain imaging findings to provide an essential knowledge base for rapid diagnosis and future clinical studies.
Presentation of lung cancer in primary care
Authors: Weller D. P. , Peake M. D. , Field J. K. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSurvival from lung cancer has seen only modest improvements in recent decades. Poor outcomes are linked to late presentation, yet early diagnosis can be challenging as lung cancer symptoms are common and non-specific. In this paper, we examine how lung cancer presents in primary care and review roles for primary care in reducing the burden from this disease. Reducing rates of smoking remains, by far, the key strategy, but primary care practitioners (PCPs) should also be pro-active in raising awareness of symptoms, ensuring lung cancer risk data are collected accurately and encouraging reluctant patients to present. PCPs should engage in service re-design and identify more streamlined diagnostic pathways—and more readily incorporate decision support into their consulting, based on validated lung cancer risk models. Finally, PCPs should ensure they are central to recruitment in future lung cancer screening programmes—they are uniquely placed to ensure the right people are targeted for risk-based screening programmes. We are now in an era where treatments can make a real difference in early-stage lung tumours, and genuine progress is being made in this devastating illness—full engagement of primary care is vital in effecting these improvements in outcomes.
Development of pink-beam 4D phase CT for in-situ observation of polymers under infrared laser irradiation
Authors: Vegso Karol , Wu Yanlin , Takano Hidekazu , Hoshino Masato , Momose Atsushi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFour-dimensional phase computed tomography (4D phase CT) by an X-ray Talbot interferometer (XTI) with white synchrotron radiation has ever been demonstrated at a temporal resolution of about 1 s for soft-matter samples. However, the radiation damage to samples caused by white synchrotron radiation occasionally hampers our understanding of the sample dynamical properties. Based on the fact that XTI functions with X-rays of a bandwidth up to ca. 10% with performance comparable to that by monochromatic X-rays, filtering white synchrotron radiation to generate a ‘pink-beam’ of a 10% bandwidth is effective to reduce radiation damage without degrading the image quality and temporal resolution. We have therefore developed pink-beam 4D phase CT at SPring-8, Japan by installing a multilayer mirror with a 10% bandwidth and a 25 keV central photon energy. XTI optimal at this photon energy was built downstream, and a CMOS-based X-ray detector was used to achieve fast image acquisitions with an exposure time of 1 ms (or 0.5 ms) per moiré image. The resultant temporal resolution of pink-beam 4D phase CT was 2 s (1 s). We applied the pink-beam 4D phase CT to in-situ observation of polypropylene, poly(methyl methacrylate), and polycarbonate under infrared laser irradiation (1064 nm). The dynamics of melting, bubbling, and ashing were successfully visualized in 3D movies without problematic radiation damage by synchrotron radiation.
Accelerating upward treeline shift in the Altai Mountains under last-century climate change
Authors: Cazzolla Gatti Roberto , Callaghan Terry , Velichevskaya Alena , Dudko Anastasia , Fabbio Luca , Battipaglia Giovanna , Liang Jingjing 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTreeline shift and tree growth often respond to climatic changes and it is critical to identify and quantify their dynamics. Some regions are particularly sensitive to climate change and the Altai Mountains, located in Central and East Asia, are showing unequivocal signs. The mean annual temperature in the area has increased by 1.3–1.7 °C in the last century. As this mountain range has ancient and protected forests on alpine slopes, we focus on determining the treeline structure and dynamics. We integrated in situ fine-scale allometric data with analyses from dendrochronological samples, high-resolution 3D drone photos and new satellite images to study the dynamics and underlying causal mechanisms of any treeline movement and growth changes in a remote preserved forest at the Aktru Research Station in the Altai Mountain. We show that temperature increase has a negative effect on mountain tree growth. In contrast, only younger trees grow at higher altitudes and we document a relatively fast upward shift of the treeline. During the last 52 years, treeline moved about 150 m upward and the rate of movement accelerated until recently. Before the 1950s, it never shifted over 2150–2200 m a.s.l. We suggest that a continuous upward expansion of the treeline would be at the expense of meadow and shrub species and radically change this high-mountain ecosystem with its endemic flora. This documented treeline shift represents clear evidence of the increased velocity of climate change during the last century.
Regulation of Cholesterol Homeostasis by a Novel Long Non-coding RNA LASER
Authors: Li Chuanwei , Hu Zhangxue , Zhang Wen , Yu Junyi , Yang Yang , Xu Zaicheng , Luo Hao , Liu Xiaoli , Liu Yukai , Chen Caiyu , Cai Yue , Xia Xuewei , Zhang Xiaoqun , Wang Da-zhi , Wu Gengze , Zeng Chunyu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGenome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified many genetic variants in genes related to lipid metabolism. However, how these variations affect lipid levels remains elusive. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in a variety of biological processes. We hypothesize lncRNAs are likely to be located within disease or trait-associated DNA regions to regulate lipid metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate whether and how lncRNAs in lipid- associated DNA regions regulate cholesterol homeostasis in hepatocytes. In this study, we identified a novel long non-coding RNA in Lipid Associated Single nucleotide polymorphism gEne Region (LASER) by bioinformatic analysis. We report that LASER is highly expressed in both hepatocytes and peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Clinical studies showed that LASER expression is positively related with that of cholesterol containing apolipoprotein levels. In particular, we found that LASER is positively correlated with plasma PCSK9 levels in statin free patients. siRNAs mediated knock down of LASER dramatically reduces intracellular cholesterol levels and affects the expression of genes involved in cholesterol metabolism. Transcriptome analyses show that knockdown of LASER affects the expression of genes involved in metabolism pathways. We found that HNF-1α and PCSK9 were reduced after LASER knock-down. Interestingly, the reduction of PCSK9 can be blocked by the treatment of berberine, a natural cholesterol-lowering compound which functions as a HNF-1α antagonist. Mechanistically, we found that LASER binds to LSD1 (lysine-specific demethylase 1), a member of CoREST/REST complex, in nucleus. LASER knock-down enhance LSD1 targeting to genomic loci, resulting in decreased histone H3 lysine 4 mono-methylation at the promoter regions of HNF-1α gene. Conversely, LSD1 knock-down abolished the effect of LASER on HNF-1α and PCSK9 expressions. Finally, we found that statin treatment increased LASER expression, accompanied with increased PCSK9 expression, suggesting a feedback regulation of cholesterol on LASER expression. This observation may partly explain the statin escape during anti-cholesterol treatment. These findings identified a novel lncRNA in cholesterol homeostasis. Therapeutic targeting LASER might be an effective approach to augment the effect of statins on cholesterol levels in clinics.
Perceptual constraints on colours induce the universality of linguistic colour categorisation
Authors: Gong Tao , Gao Hangxian , Wang Zhen , Shuai Lan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe universal linguistic colour categorisation pattern as evident in the World Colour Survey (WCS) has been a principal focus of investigations on the relationship between language and cognition, yet most existing studies have failed to clarify whether this universality resulted primarily from individual perceptual constraints and/or socio-cultural transmissions. This paper designed an agent-based, unsupervised learning model to address the relative importance of these two aspects to linguistic colour categorisation. By directly comparing with the empirical data in the WCS, our study demonstrated that: the physical colour stimuli that reflect human perceptual constraints on colours trigger a categorisation pattern quantitatively resembling the WCS data, the randomised stimuli that distort such constraints lead to distinct categorisation patterns, and the processes of linguistic categorisation in both cases follow similar dynamics. These results reveal how perceptual and socio-cultural factors interact with each other to trigger linguistic universality, and serve as decisive evidence that human perceptual constraints induce the universality in linguistic categorisation, yet socio-cultural transmissions, though imperative, play an auxiliary role of transcribing perceptual constraints into common linguistic categories with slight variations.
Staphylococcus aureus induces DNA damage in host cell
Authors: Deplanche Martine , Mouhali Nassim , Nguyen Minh-Thu , Cauty Chantal , Ezan Frédéric , Diot Alan , Raulin Lesly , Dutertre Stephanie , Langouet Sophie , Legembre Patrick , Taieb Frederic , Otto Michael , Laurent Frédéric , Götz Friedrich , Le Loir Yves , Berkova Nadia 
Published: May 2019

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus causes serious medical problems in human and animals. Here we show that S. aureus can compromise host genomic integrity as indicated by bacteria-induced histone H2AX phosphorylation, a marker of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), in human cervix cancer HeLa and osteoblast-like MG-63 cells. This DNA damage is mediated by alpha phenol-soluble modulins (PSMα1–4), while a specific class of lipoproteins (Lpls), encoded on a pathogenicity island in S. aureus, dampens the H2AX phosphorylation thus counteracting the DNA damage. This DNA damage is mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), which promotes oxidation of guanine forming 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG). DNA damage is followed by the induction of DNA repair that involves the ATM kinase-signaling pathway. An examination of S. aureus strains, isolated from the same patient during acute initial and recurrent bone and joint infections (BJI), showed that recurrent strains produce lower amounts of Lpls, induce stronger DNA-damage and prompt the G2/M transition delay to a greater extent that suggest an involvement of these mechanisms in adaptive processes of bacteria during chronicization. Our findings redefine our understanding of mechanisms of S. aureus-host interaction and suggest that the balance between the levels of PSMα and Lpls expression impacts the persistence of the infection.
Boron Nitride Nanotubes as Filler for Resin-Based Dental Sealants
Authors: Bohns Fabio Rocha , Degrazia Felipe Weidenbach , de Souza Balbinot Gabriela , Leitune Vicente Castelo Branco , Samuel Susana Maria Werner , García-Esparza Maria Angeles , Sauro Salvatore , Collares Fabricio Mezzomo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of boron-nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) on the properties of resin-based light-curing dental sealants (RBSs) when incorporated at different concentration. RBSs were formulated using methacrylate monomers (90 wt.% TEGDMA, 10 wt.% Bis-GMA). BNNTs were added to the resin blend at 0.1 wt.% and 0.2 wt.%. A Control group without filler was also designed. Degree of conversion, ultimate tensile strength, contact angle, surface free energy, surface roughness and color of the RBSs were evaluated for the tested materials. Their cytotoxicity and mineral deposition ability (Bioactivity) were also assessed. A suitable degree of conversion, no effect in mechanical properties and no cytotoxic effect was observed for the experimental materials. Moreover, the surface free energy and the surface roughness decreased with the addition of BNNTs. While the color analysis showed no difference between specimens containing BNNTs and the control group. Mineral deposition occurred in all specimens containing BNNTs after 7d. In conclusion, the incorporation of BNNTs may provide bioactivity to resin-based dental sealants and reduce their surface free energy.