bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly Boosted Microbial Extracellular Electron Transfer by Semiconductor Nanowire Array with Suitable Energy Level
Authors: Bian Ruixin , Jiang Yan , Wang Yuan , Sun Jian‐Kun , Hu Jinsong , Jiang Lei , Liu Huan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMicrobial extracellular electron transfer (EET) with high performance and good controllability is always desired in various bioelectric applications. Depending on the redox state, C‐type cytochromes located across the outer membranes (OMCs) mediate EET with different behaviors. Here, by incorporating Sn‐doped In2O3 nanowire array with flat F‐doped In2O3 (FTO), a composite electrode is developed that can highly boost EET by over 60 times at a certain potential of 0.2 V, where normally only limited EET current is observed on a conductive electrode. It is proposed that the underlay FTO with bias 0.2 V promotes EET via OMCs by physical contacting with microbes, while the semiconductor nanowires provide a suitable energy level to facilitate the EET via OMC‐flavins cofactor, breaking the stereotype of the certain redox state of OMCs at a given potential. As a synergistic effect, EET via both OMCs and flavins is highly boosted simultaneously to achieve the dual‐pathway EET, which could be further amplified by the nanostructured topology of the as‐prepared electrode. Moreover, the EET current shows a positive correlation with the nanowire length, showing good controllability. This work provides an applicable method for constructing various highly efficient bioelectric devices.
Giant Thermal Expansion in 2D and 3D Cellular Materials
Authors: Zhu Hanxing , Fan Tongxiang , Peng Qing , Zhang Di 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWhen temperature increases, the volume of an object changes. This property was quantified as the coefficient of thermal expansion only a few hundred years ago. Part of the reason is that the change of volume due to the variation of temperature is in general extremely small and imperceptible. Here, abnormal giant linear thermal expansions in different types of two‐ingredient microstructured hierarchical and self‐similar cellular materials are reported. The cellular materials can be 2D or 3D, and isotropic or anisotropic, with a positive or negative thermal expansion due to the convex or/and concave shape in their representative volume elements respectively. The magnitude of the thermal expansion coefficient can be several times larger than the highest value reported in the literature. This study suggests an innovative approach to develop temperature‐sensitive functional materials and devices.
Traceable Nanoparticles with Dual Targeting and ROS Response for RNAi‐Based Immunochemotherapy of Intracranial Glioblastoma Treatment
Authors: Qiao Chenmeng , Yang Jun , Shen Qi , Liu Ruiyuan , Li Yanhui , Shi Yuanjie , Chen Jingli , Shen Yanqin , Xiao Zuobing , Weng Jie , Zhang Xin 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe chemotherapy of glioblastoma is severely hindered by the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, especially the tumor growth factor β (TGF‐β), an immunosuppressive cytokine. In this study, it is proposed to employ RNAi‐based immunomodulation to modify the tumor immune microenvironment and improve the effect of chemotherapy. Herein, a nanotheranostic system (Angiopep LipoPCB(Temozolomide+BAP/siTGF‐β), ALBTA) with dual targeting and ROS response is established for intracranial glioblastoma treatment. The traceable nanoparticles exhibit strong siRNA condensation, high drug loading efficiency, good serum stability, and magnetic property. They can efficiently cross the blood–brain barrier and target to glioblastoma cells via receptor‐mediated transcytosis. The zwitterionic lipid (distearoyl phosphoethanol‐amine‐polycarboxybetaine lipid) in ALBTA promotes endosomal/lysosomal escape, and thus enhances the cytotoxicity of temozolomide and improves gene silencing efficiency of siTGF‐β. ALBTA significantly improves the immunosuppressive microenvironment and prolongs the survival time of glioma‐bearing mice. Moreover, ALBTA can be accurately traced by MRI in brain tumors. The study indicates that this immunochemotherapeutic platform can serve as a flexible and powerful synergistic system for treatment with brain tumors as well as other brain diseases in central nervous system.
Near‐Infrared‐Light‐Activatable Nanomaterial‐Mediated Phototheranostic Nanomedicines: An Emerging Paradigm for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Vankayala Raviraj , Hwang Kuo Chu 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCancer is one of the most deadly diseases threatening the lives of humans. Although many treatment methods have been developed to tackle cancer, each modality of cancer treatment has its own limitations and drawbacks. The development of minimally invasive treatment modalities for cancers remains a great challenge. Near‐infrared (NIR) light‐activated nanomaterial‐mediated phototherapies, including photothermal and photodynamic therapies, provide an alternative means for spatially and temporally controlled minimally invasive treatments of cancers. Nanomaterials can serve as nanocargoes for the delivery of chemo‐drugs, diagnostic contrast reagents, and organic photosensitizers, and can be used to directly generate heat or reactive oxygen species for the treatment of tumors without the need for organic photosensitizers with NIR‐light irradiation. Here, current progress in NIR‐light‐activated nanomaterial‐mediated photothermal therapy and photodynamic therapy is summarized. Furthermore, the effects of size, shape, and surface functionalities of nanomaterials on intracellular uptake, macrophage clearance, biodistribution, cytotoxicities, and biomedical efficacies are discussed. The use of various types of nanomaterials, such as gold nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and many other inorganic nanostructures, in combination with diagnostic and therapeutic modalities for solid tumors, is briefly reviewed.
Hydroxyl‐Directed Rhodium‐Catalyzed C−H Bond Activation and Cyclization Leading to Naphtho[1,8‐bc]pyran Derivatives and its Analogues
Authors: Yan Kelu , Li Bin , Wang Baiquan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractRhodium‐catalyzed C−H activation and cyclization of 1‐naphthols and other related compounds with cyclic 2‐diazo‐1,3‐dione compounds leading to naphtho[1,8‐bc]pyran derivatives and its analogues have been developed. Most of the corresponding products were obtained in good to excellent yields. It offers an alternative approach for the synthesis of useful diverse naphtho[1,8‐bc]pyran derivatives.magnified image
Giant Asymmetric Radiation from an Ultrathin Bianisotropic Metamaterial
Authors: Peng Liang , Wang Kewen , Yang Yihao , Chen Yuntian , Wang Gaofeng , Zhang Baile , Chen Hongsheng 
Published: March 2018

AbstractUnidirectional radiation is of particular interest in high‐power lasing and optics. Commonly, however, it is difficult to achieve a unidirectional profile in such a system without breaking reciprocity. Recently, assisted by metamaterials without structural symmetry, antennas that radiate asymmetrically have been developed, hence providing the possibility of achieving unidirectionality. Nevertheless, it has been challenging to achieve extremely high radiation asymmetry in such antennas. Here, it is demonstrated that this radiation asymmetry is further enhanced when magnetic plasmons are present in the metamaterials. Experimentally, it is shown that a thin metamaterial with a thickness of ≈λ0/8 can exhibit a forward‐to‐backward emission asymmetry of up to 1:32 without any optimization. The work paves the way for manipulating asymmetric radiation by means of metamaterials and may have a variety of promising applications, such as directional optical and quantum emitters, lasers, and absorbers.
Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cells Using Passivated Tin Oxide as an Electron Transport Layer
Authors: Lee Yonghui , Lee Seunghwan , Seo Gabseok , Paek Sanghyun , Cho Kyung Taek , Huckaba Aron J. , Calizzi Marco , Choi Dong‐won , Park Jin‐Seong , Lee Dongwook , Lee Hyo Joong , Asiri Abdullah M. , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPlanar perovskite solar cells using low‐temperature atomic layer deposition (ALD) of the SnO2 electron transporting layer (ETL), with excellent electron extraction and hole‐blocking ability, offer significant advantages compared with high‐temperature deposition methods. The optical, chemical, and electrical properties of the ALD SnO2 layer and its influence on the device performance are investigated. It is found that surface passivation of SnO2 is essential to reduce charge recombination at the perovskite and ETL interface and show that the fabricated planar perovskite solar cells exhibit high reproducibility, stability, and power conversion efficiency of 20%.
A Feasibility Trial of Mental Health First Aid First Nations: Acceptability, Cultural Adaptation, and Preliminary Outcomes
Authors: Crooks Claire V. , Lapp Andrea , Auger Monique , van der Woerd Kim , Snowshoe Angela , Rogers Billie Jo , Tsuruda Samantha , Caron Cassidy 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe Mental Health First Aid First Nations course was adapted from Mental Health First Aid Basic to create a community‐based, culturally safe and relevant approach to promoting mental health literacy in First Nations contexts. Over 2.5 days, the course aims to build community capacity by teaching individuals to recognize and respond to mental health crises. This feasibility trial utilized mixed methods to evaluate the acceptability, cultural adaptation, and preliminary effectiveness of MHFAFN. Our approach was grounded in community‐based participatory research principles, emphasizing relationship‐driven procedures to collecting data and choice for how participants shared their voices. Data included participant interviews (n = 89), and surveys (n = 91) from 10 groups in four provinces. Surveys contained open‐ended questions, retrospective pre‐post ratings, and a scenario. We utilized data from nine facilitator interviews and 24 facilitator implementation surveys. The different lines of evidence converged to highlight strong acceptability, mixed reactions to the cultural adaptation, and gains in participants’ knowledge, mental health first aid skill application, awareness, and self‐efficacy, and reductions in stigma beliefs. Beyond promoting individual gains, the course served as a community‐wide prevention approach by situating mental health in a colonial context and highlighting local resources and cultural strengths for promoting mental well‐being.
Ammonium Ylide Mediated Cyclization Reactions
Authors: Roiser Lukas , Zielke Katharina , Waser Mario 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe use of readily accessible ammonium ylides for (asymmetric) transformations, especially cyclization reactions, has received considerable attention over the past two decades. A variety of highly enantioselective protocols to facilitate annulation reactions have recently been introduced as an alternative to other common methods including S‐ylide‐mediated strategies. It is the intention of this short review to provide an introduction to this field by highlighting the potential of ammonium ylides for (asymmetric) cyclization reactions as well as to present the limitations and challenges of these methods.
Morphological variation in the genus Chlorocebus: Ecogeographic and anthropogenically mediated variation in body mass, postcranial morphology, and growth
Authors: Turner Trudy R. , Schmitt Christopher A. , Cramer Jennifer Danzy , Lorenz Joseph , Grobler J. Paul , Jolly Clifford J. , Freimer Nelson B. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectivesDirect comparative work in morphology and growth on widely dispersed wild primate taxa is rarely accomplished, yet critical to understanding ecogeographic variation, plastic local variation in response to human impacts, and variation in patterns of growth and sexual dimorphism. We investigated population variation in morphology and growth in response to geographic variables (i.e., latitude, altitude), climatic variables (i.e., temperature and rainfall), and human impacts in the vervet monkey (Chlorocebus spp.).MethodsWe trapped over 1,600 wild vervets from across Sub‐Saharan Africa and the Caribbean, and compared measurements of body mass, body length, and relative thigh, leg, and foot length in four well‐represented geographic samples: Ethiopia, Kenya, South Africa, and St. Kitts & Nevis.ResultsWe found significant variation in body mass and length consistent with Bergmann's Rule in adult females, and in adult males when excluding the St. Kitts & Nevis population, which was more sexually dimorphic. Contrary to Rensch's Rule, although the South African population had the largest average body size, it was the least dimorphic. There was significant, although very small, variation in all limb segments in support for Allen's Rule. Females in high human impact areas were heavier than those with moderate exposures, while those in low human impact areas were lighter; human impacts had no effect on males.ConclusionsVervet monkeys appear to have adapted to local climate as predicted by Bergmann's and, less consistently, Allen's Rule, while also responding in predicted ways to human impacts. To better understand deviations from predicted patterns will require further comparative work in vervets.
Questioning the Recent Observation of Quantum Hawking Radiation
Authors: Leonhardt Ulf 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA recent article [J. Steinhauer, Nat. Phys. 2016, 12, 959] has reported the observation of quantum Hawking radiation and its entanglement in an analogue black hole. Here, the published evidence, its consistency with theoretical bounds, and the statistical significance of the results are analyzed. The analysis raises severe doubts on the observation of Hawking radiation.
Geometric Structures of Fractional Dynamical Systems in Non‐Riemannian Space: Applications to Mechanical and Electromechanical Systems
Authors: Yajima Takahiro , Nagahama Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBased on a non‐Riemannian treatment of geometric objects, the geometric structures of fractional‐order dynamical systems are investigated. A fractional derivative describes non‐local effects across a space or a history encoded in memory features of the system. A system of fractional‐order differential equations is formulated in film space that includes fictitious forces. Film space is a geometric space whose coordinates comprise time, and the geometric quantities vary in time. Fractional‐order torsion tensors that appear are related to the dissipated energy and the energy conversions between subsystems and power of the system. The geometric treatment is then applied to damped‐harmonic and fractional oscillators and the hybrid electromechanical Rikitake system. The damped‐harmonic oscillator is characterized by two torsion tensors, whereas the fractional oscillator is characterized by one torsion tensor. Herein, the fractional order of the derivative of the metric tensor is used to characterize the damping of the fractional oscillator. The energy conversions between electromechanical subsystems in the Rikitake system are characterized by the torsion tensor. These results suggest that the non‐Riemannian geometric objects can represent the non‐local properties of fractional‐order dynamical systems.
Comment on “Questioning the Recent Observation of Quantum Hawking Radiation” [Ann. Phys. (Berlin) 2018, 530, 1700114]
Authors: Steinhauer Jeff 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe observation of quantum Hawking radiation and its entanglement in an analogue black hole was recently reported. A subsequent article presented critical comments of the study. The article suffers from technical difficulties which invalidate its claims. These include the misunderstanding of a simple Fourier transform, the unnecessary modification of experimental data, and the assertion that the experiment measured a strictly‐zero population.
Local Atomic Arrangements and Band Structure of Boron Carbide
Authors: Rasim Karsten , Ramlau Reiner , Leithe‐Jasper Andreas , Mori Takao , Burkhardt Ulrich , Borrmann Horst , Schnelle Walter , Carbogno Christian , Scheffler Matthias , Grin Yuri 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBoron carbide, the simple chemical combination of boron and carbon, is one of the best‐known binary ceramic materials. Despite that, a coherent description of its crystal structure and physical properties resembles one of the most challenging problems in materials science. By combining ab initio computational studies, precise crystal structure determination from diffraction experiments, and state‐of‐the‐art high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy imaging, this concerted investigation reveals hitherto unknown local structure modifications together with the known structural alterations. The mixture of different local atomic arrangements within the real crystal structure reduces the electron deficiency of the pristine structure CBC+B12, answering the question about electron precise character of boron carbide and introducing new electronic states within the band gap, which allow a better understanding of physical properties.
Transport of Nucleoside Triphosphates into Cells by Artificial Molecular Transporters
Authors: Zawada Zbigniew , Tatar Ameneh , Mocilac Pavle , Buděšínský Miloš , Kraus Tomáš 
Published: March 2018

AbstractChemically modified nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs) are widely exploited as unnatural metabolites in chemical biology and medicinal chemistry. Because anionic NTPs do not permeate cell membranes, their corresponding neutral precursors are employed in cell‐based assays. These precursors become active metabolites after enzymatic conversion, which often proceeds insufficiently. Here we show that metabolically‐active NTPs can be directly transported into eukaryotic cells and bacteria by the action of designed synthetic nucleoside triphosphate transporters (SNTTs). The transporter is composed of a receptor, which forms a non‐covalent complex with a triphosphate anion, and a cell‐penetrating agent, which translocates the complex across the plasma membrane. NTP is then released from the complex in the intracellular milieu and accumulates in nuclei and nucleoli in high concentration. The transport of NTPs proceeds rapidly (seconds to minutes) and selectively even in the presence of other organic anions. We demonstrate that this operationally simple and efficient means of transport of fluorescently labelled NTPs into cells can be used for metabolic labeling of DNA in live cells.
Thermo‐Driven Controllable Emulsion Separation by a Polymer‐Decorated Membrane with Switchable Wettability
Authors: Zhang Weifeng , Liu Na , Zhang Qingdong , Qu Ruixiang , Liu Yanan , Li Xiangyu , Wei Yen , Feng Lin , Jiang Lei 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA thermoresponsive Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm)‐modified nylon membrane was fabricated via hydrothermal route. Combining rough structure, proper pore size, and thermoresponsive wettability, the membrane can separate at least 16 types of stabilized oil‐in‐water and water‐in‐oil emulsions at different temperatures. Below the LCST (ca. 25 °C), the material exhibits hydrophilicity and underwater superoleophobicity, which can be used for the separation of various kinds of oil‐in‐water emulsions. Above the LCST (ca. 45 °C), the membrane shows the opposite property with high hydrophobicity and superoleophilicity, and it can then separate stabilized water‐in‐oil emulsions. The material exhibits excellent recyclability and high separation efficiency for various kinds of emulsions and the hydrothermal method is facile and low‐cost. The membrane shows good potential in real situations such as on‐demand oil‐spill cleanup, industrial wastewater treatment, remote operation of oil/water emulsion separation units, and fuel purification.
Dynamic Changes in the Structure, Chemical State and Catalytic Selectivity of Cu Nanocubes during CO2 Electroreduction: Size and Support Effects
Authors: Grosse Philipp , Gao Dunfeng , Scholten Fabian , Sinev Ilya , Mistry Hemma , Roldan Cuenya Beatriz 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn situ and operando spectroscopic and microscopic methods were used to gain insight into the correlation between the structure, chemical state, and reactivity of size‐ and shape‐controlled ligand‐free Cu nanocubes during CO2 electroreduction (CO2RR). Dynamic changes in the morphology and composition of Cu cubes supported on carbon were monitored under potential control through electrochemical atomic force microscopy, X‐ray absorption fine‐structure spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Under reaction conditions, the roughening of the nanocube surface, disappearance of the (100) facets, formation of pores, loss of Cu and reduction of CuOx species observed were found to lead to a suppression of the selectivity for multi‐carbon products (i.e. C2H4 and ethanol) versus CH4. A comparison with Cu cubes supported on Cu foils revealed an enhanced morphological stability and persistence of CuI species under CO2RR in the former samples. Both factors are held responsible for the higher C2/C1 product ratio observed for the Cu cubes/Cu as compared to Cu cubes/C. Our findings highlight the importance of the structure of the active nanocatalyst but also its interaction with the underlying substrate in CO2RR selectivity.
Singlet Oxygen and the Origin of Oxygen Functionalities on the Surface of Carbon Electrodes
Authors: Chaisiwamongkhol Korbua , Batchelor‐McAuley Christopher , Palgrave Robert G. , Compton Richard G. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe generation of oxygen‐containing functionalities on pristine carbon surfaces is investigated and shown to be light sensitive, specifically to infra‐red radiation. A mechanistic route involving singlet oxygen, 1O2, is proposed and evidenced.
Another Unprecedented Wieland Mechanism Confirmed: Hydrogen Formation from Hydrogen Peroxide, Formaldehyde, and Sodium Hydroxide
Authors: Czochara Robert , Litwinienko Grzegorz , Korth Hans‐Gert , Ingold Keith U. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn 1923, Wieland and Wingler reported that in the molecular hydrogen producing reaction of hydrogen peroxide with formaldehyde in basic solution, free hydrogen atoms (H.) are not involved. They postulated that bis(hydroxymethyl)peroxide, HOCH2OOCH2OH, is the intermediate, which decomposes to yield H2 and formate, proposing a mechanism that would nowadays be considered as a “concerted process”. Since then, several other (conflicting) “mechanisms” have been suggested. Our NMR and Raman spectroscopic and kinetic studies, particularly the determination of the deuterium kinetic isotope effect (DKIE), now confirm that in this base‐dependent reaction, both H atoms of H2 derive from the CH2 hydrogen atoms of formaldehyde, and not from the OH groups of HOCH2OOCH2OH or from water. Quantum‐chemical CBS‐QB3 and W1BD computations show that H2 release proceeds through a concerted process, which is strongly accelerated by double deprotonation of HOCH2OOCH2OH, thereby ruling out a free radical pathway.
Singly and Doubly 1,2‐Phenylene‐Inserted Porphyrin Arch‐Tape Dimers: Synthesis and Highly Contorted Structures
Authors: Fukui Norihito , Osuka Atsuhiro 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSingly and doubly 1,2‐phenylene‐inserted NiII porphyrin arch‐tape dimers 3 and 9 were synthesized from the corresponding β‐to‐β 1,2‐phenylene‐bridged NiII porphyrin dimers 5 and 11 via Ni0‐mediated reductive cyclization and DDQ/Sc(OTf)3‐promoted oxidative cyclization as key steps, respectively. Owing to the fused eight‐membered ring(s), 3 showed a more contorted structure than those of previously reported arch‐tape dimers 2 a and 2 b possessing a fused seven‐membered ring. Furthermore, 9 displayed much larger molecular contortion. As the molecular contortion increases, the Q band of the absorption spectrum becomes more red‐shifted and the electrochemcial HOMO–LUMO gap becomes smaller, reaching at 1294 nm and 0.77 eV in 9, respectively. The effect of molecular contortion on the electronic properties was studied by means of DFT calculations.