bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What’s so funny ‘bout applied mathematics? Modelling, theory, and methods
Authors: Goriely Alain 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
What is applied mathematics and how is it different from mathematics or any other scientific discipline? ‘What’s so funny ‘bout applied mathematics? Modelling, theory, and methods’ argues that applied mathematics includes the modelling of natural phenomena and human endeavours, the study of mathematical ideas originating from these models, and the systematic development of theoretical and computational tools to probe models, handle data, and gain insight into any problem that has been properly quantified. Applied mathematics is best characterized by three intertwined areas: modelling, theory, and methods. Any work in applied mathematics fits in one of these three categories or combines them judiciously.
Can you picture that? X‐rays, DNA, and photos
Authors: Goriely Alain 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Applied mathematics is also concerned with the manipulation and analysis of signals and data. In our digital world, where huge amounts of data are routinely collected, transmitted, processed, analysed, compressed, encrypted, decrypted, and stored, efficient mathematical methods and numerical algorithms are needed. ‘Can you picture that? X-rays, DNA, and photos’ outlines how applied mathematics is used to extract information from this data using the examples of computed tomography, X-ray crystallography, and the compression of digital image files. Modern developments have seen the discovery of new methods to extract information and process it efficiently. Examples are the theory of wavelets and compressed sensing, which has been implemented in Magnetic Resonance Imaging scanners.
A stage-based estimator of daily egg production
Authors: McGarvey Richard , Steer Mike A , Matthews Janet M , Ward Tim M 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Snapper (Chrysophrys auratus) in South Australia spawn over a wide range of daily times and hatch in ∼1.5 d. Traditional estimates of daily egg production (i) divide sampled eggs into daily age cohorts, e.g. days 1 and 2, (ii) compute cohort ages by assuming that all spawning occurs at a fixed daily peak hour, and (iii) link the estimation of spawning egg density with egg mortality rate by regressing cohort egg densities against cohort age. We propose a method for estimating daily egg production, the number of eggs spawned per unit area per day (P0), without these assumptions. We use a range of estimates of snapper egg mortality rate obtained from prior studies to backcorrect for egg mortality to the age 0 spawning egg density for each stage of eggs individually rather than aggregating into daily cohorts. P0 is estimated as a mean of sample tow densities rather than as a regression intercept. This stage-based P0 estimator avoids errors associated with assuming a fixed daily spawning hour and classifying eggs into day 1 or 2. It requires no regressions of sampled daily cohort egg densities against age, which often provide imprecise estimates of mortality rates. Simulation testing showed 1–2% accuracy for this estimator of P0. The uncertainty of assuming egg mortality rates is moderated by the insensitivity of estimates of P0 to the input value of egg mortality rate.
Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Intracranial Ependymomas: An International Multicenter Study
Authors: Kano Hideyuki , Su Yan-Hua , Wu Hsiu-Mei , Simonova Gabriela , Liscak Roman , Cohen-Inbar Or , Sheehan Jason P , Meola Antonio , Sharma Mayur , Barnett Gene H , Mathieu David , Vasas Lucas T , Kaufmann Anthony M , Jacobs Rachel C , Lunsford L Dade 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a potentially important option for intracranial ependymoma patients.

OBJECTIVE
To analyze the outcomes of intracranial ependymoma patients who underwent SRS as a part of multimodality management.

METHODS
Seven centers participating in the International Gamma Knife Research Foundation identified 89 intracranial ependymoma patients who underwent SRS (113 tumors). The median patient age was 16.3 yr (2.9-80). All patients underwent previous surgical resection and radiation therapy (RT) of their ependymomas and 40 underwent previous chemotherapy. Grade 2 ependymomas were present in 42 patients (52 tumors) and grade 3 ependymomas in 48 patients (61 tumors). The median tumor volume was 2.2 cc (0.03-36.8) and the median margin dose was 15 Gy (9-24).

RESULTS
Forty-seven (53%) patients were alive and 42 (47%) patients died at the last follow-up. The overall survival after SRS was 86% at 1 yr, 50% at 3 yr, and 44% at 5 yr. Smaller total tumor volume was associated with longer overall survival (P = .006). Twenty-two patients (grade 2: n = 9, grade 3: n = 13) developed additional recurrent ependymomas in the craniospinal axis. The progression-free survival after SRS was 71% at 1 yr, 56% at 3 yr, and 48% at 5 yr. Adult age, female sex, and smaller tumor volume indicated significantly better progression-free survival. Symptomatic adverse radiation effects were seen in 7 patients (8%).

CONCLUSION
SRS provides another management option for residual or recurrent progressive intracranial ependymoma patients who have failed initial surgery and RT.
Use of Patient-Related Outcomes After Orthopaedic Trauma: Helpful or Not So Much?
Authors: Obremskey William T. , Higgins Thomas F. , Bettger Janet Pryu , Vrahas Mark S. , Lundy Douglas W. 
Published: February 2018

Summary:
Over 100 years ago, the orthopaedic surgeon, Ernest Codman, recommended that surgeons and hospitals be paid by the “end result.” Healthcare Reform is moving to value over volume, and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are 1 measure of quality and outcomes that are becoming pervasive. In this study, the current status of patient-reported outcomes and their use in orthopaedic trauma was reviewed. The contributors presented the state of PRO measurements at the Basic Science Focus Forum at the OTA Annual Meeting in 2016. Information on the currently available PROs was presented and analyzed to determine whether they were adequate for research in orthopaedic trauma. PROs were then discussed in the context of which were the most appropriate for determining outcomes in trauma surgery. The concept of mobility as a validated PRO for an assessment of general health was then presented. The final topic was a summary of how PROs will be used by insurers and governmental agencies. These topics provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of PROs in the context of orthopaedic trauma.
Depression is Closely Associated With Chronic Low Back Pain in Patients Over 50 Years of Age
Authors: Park Sang-Min , Kim Ho-Joong , Jang Seonpyo , Kim Hyoungmin , Chang Bong-Soon , Lee Choon-Ki , Yeom Jin S. 
Published: February 2018

Study Design.
A cross-sectional study.

Objective.
This study was designed to analyze the relationship between the presence and severity of depression and low back pain (LBP) in a representative sample of the general population using a self-report screening questionnaire for depression.

Summary of Background Data.
There is increasing evidence supporting an association between depression and LBP. However, the degree of the association between these two conditions in the general population is poorly understood.

Methods.
Health surveys and examinations were conducted on a nationally representative sample (n = 7550) of Koreans. LBP status was determined by a simple survey response concerning LBP >30 days during the past 3 months. Depression was defined as individuals with a total score >10 on the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9 survey. The severity of depression was categorized as none (0–4), mild (5–9), moderate (10–14), moderately severe (15–19), and severe (20–27) according to PHQ-9 score. Data regarding demographics, socioeconomic history, and comorbid health conditions were used to analyze adjusted, weighted logistic regression models.

Results.
In the Korean population, the prevalence of depression was significantly greater in individuals with LBP (20.3%) than in those without LBP (4.5%). On multivariate logistic regression analysis, the presence of depression was significantly associated with LBP (adjusted odd ratio [aOR]: 3.93, P < 0.001). The risk of LBP increased with increasing severity of depression as follows: severe depression (aOR: 9.28, P < 0.001), moderately severe depression (aOR: 3.24, P = 0.001), moderate depression (aOR: 4.97, P < 0.001), and mild depression (aOR: 2.48, P < 0.001).

Conclusion.
Depression is more common in patients with LBP among Koreans. The presence of depression was significantly associated with LBP, especially in severely depressed individuals.

Level of Evidence: 3
The Association Between Body Mass Index and the Prevalence, Severity, and Frequency of Low Back Pain
Authors: Su Charles A. , Kusin David J. , Li Samuel Q. , Ahn Uri M. , Ahn Nicholas U. 
Published: February 2018

Study Design.
Cross-sectional study.

Objective.
To determine whether there is an association between body mass index (BMI) and the prevalence, severity, and frequency of low back pain and identify other potential patient risk factors for the development of low back pain.

Summary of Background Data.
Many studies have implicated that a high BMI is a risk factor for low back pain. However, few studies have examined the association between increased BMI and the prevalence, severity, and frequency of low back pain.

Methods.
Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative, a multicenter, prospective study of knee osteoarthritis, were used to conduct this study, which included 4796 patients. BMI was categorized according to the World Health Organization classification and the prevalence, severity, and frequency of low back pain were assessed. Logistic regression was performed to identify additional patient risk factors associated with low back pain.

Results.
The prevalence of low back pain was found to be significantly higher in patients with an elevated BMI compared to those with normal or underweight BMI and demonstrated a stepwise increase with each BMI category. Approximately 47.4% of patients with normal or underweight BMI complained of low back pain compared with 72.8% of morbidly obese patients (P < 0.0001). No association was seen between BMI and the frequency or severity of low back pain episodes. Osteoarthritis of the back and depression were patient variables found to be associated with all three measures (prevalence, severity, and frequency) of low back pain.

Conclusion.
Elevated BMI is strongly associated with an increased prevalence of low back pain. Depression and osteoarthritis of the back are associated with the prevalence, severity, and frequency of low back pain.

Level of Evidence: 3
Outcomes of Surgical Decompression in Patients With Very Severe Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy
Authors: Kopjar Branko , Bohm Parker E. , Arnold Joshua H. , Fehlings Michael G. , Tetreault Lindsay A. , Arnold Paul M. 
Published: February 2018

Study Design.
A prospective observational international study.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to evaluate outcomes of decompressive surgery in patients with very severe degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM).

Summary of Background Data.
Although decompressive surgery has been evidenced as a safe and effective approach for patients with myelopathic deficiencies, studies have suggested residual disability following treatment in patients with more severe disease presentation.

Methods.
Postoperative outcomes of 60 patients with very severe DCM (modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association [mJOA] score ≤8) were compared to outcomes of 188 patients with severe DCM (mJOA 9–11). Postimputation follow-up rate was 93.1%. Unadjusted and adjusted analyses were performed using two-way repeated measures of covariance.

Results.
The two cohorts were similar in demographics, length of duration of myelopathy symptoms, source of stenosis, and surgical approaches used to decompress the spine. The very severe and severe cohorts differed in preoperative Nurick grades (4.97 vs. 3.91, respectively, P < 0.0001) and Neck Disability Index scores (45.20 vs. 56.21, respectively, P = 0.0006). There were no differences in Short Form 36 (SF-36v2) physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) component summary scores. Both cohorts improved in mJOA, Nurick, Neck Disability Index, and SF-36v2 PCS and MCS scores. Despite the substantial postoperative improvements, patients in both cohorts had considerable residual symptoms. Two-thirds of the patients in the very severe cohort had severe (mJOA ≤11) or moderate (mJOA ≤ 14) myelopathy symptoms at 24 months follow-up. Longer duration of disease was associated with poorer treatment response.

Conclusion.
Decompressive surgery is effective in patients with very severe DCM; however, patients have significant residual symptoms and disability. The very severe subgroup (mJOA ≤8) of patients with DCM represents a distinct group of patients and their different clinical trajectory is important for clinicians and patients to recognize. Duration of symptoms negatively affects chances for recovery. Whenever possible, patients with DCM should be treated before developing very severe symptomatology.

Level of Evidence: 2
Bisphosphonate and Teriparatide Use in Thoracolumbar Spinal Fusion
Authors: Buerba Rafael A. , Sharma Akshay , Ziino Chason , Arzeno Alexander , Ajiboye Remi M. 
Published: February 2018

Study Design.
Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective.
To compare the efficacy of the use of either bisphosphonates or teriparatide on radiographic and functional outcomes of patients that had thoracolumbar spinal fusion.

Summary of Background Data.
Controversy exists as to whether bisphosphonates interfere with successful spinal arthrodesis. An alternative osteoporosis medication is teriparatide, a synthetic parathyroid hormone that has an anabolic effect on osteoblast function. To date, there is limited comparative data on the influence of bisphosphonates or teriparatide on spinal fusion.

Methods.
A systematic search of medical reference databases was conducted for comparative studies on bisphosphonate or teriparatide use after thoracolumbar spinal fusion. Meta-analysis was performed using the random-effects model for heterogeneity. Radiographic outcomes assessed include fusion rates, risk of screw loosening, cage subsidence, and vertebral fracture.

Results.
No statistically significant differences were noted between bisphosphonates and control groups regarding fusion rate and risk of screw loosening (fusion: odds ratio [OR] = 2.2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.87–5.56, P = 0.09; loosening: OR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.14–1.48, P = 0.19). Teriparatide use was associated with higher fusion rates than bisphosphonates (OR = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.55–3.42, P < 0.0001). However, no statistically significant difference was noted between teriparatide and bisphosphonates regarding risk of screw loosening (OR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.12–1.18, P = 0.09). Lastly, bisphosphonate use was associated with decreased odds of cage subsidence and vertebral fractures compared to controls (subsidence: OR = 0.29, 95% CI 0.11–0.75, P = 0.01; fracture: OR = 0.18, 95% CI 0.07–0.48, P = 0.0007).

Conclusion.
Bisphosphonates do not appear to impair successful spinal fusion compared to controls although teriparatide use is associated with higher fusion rates than bisphosphonates. In addition, bisphosphonate use is associated with decreased odds of cage subsidence and vertebral fractures compared to controls that had spinal fusion.

Level of Evidence: 3
Anatomical Feasibility of Extradural Transferring S2 and S3 Ventral Roots to S1 Ventral Root for Restoring Neurogenic Bladder in Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Yang Kaixiang , Chen Hongtao , Tang Jian , Ge Dawei , Zhang Sheng , Sui Tao , Cao Xiaojian 
Published: February 2018

Study Design.
Anatomic study in six formalin-fixed cadavers.

Objective.
To determine the anatomical feasibility of transferring the S2 and S3 ventral roots (VRs) to S1 VR as a method for restoring bladder dysfunction in spinal cord injury.

Summary of Background Data.
A large quantity of researches of neuroanastomosis methods have been used for treating the bladder dysfunction in spinal cord injury. However, some limitations retard the development of those studies.

Methods.
In this study, six formalin-fixed cadavers (four males, two females) were dissected. The feasibility of exposing the S1, S2, and S3 extradural nerve roots by the limited laminectomy, isolating the VR and dorsal roots from each extradural nerve root and transferring the S2,S3 VRs to the S1 VR were assessed. The pertinent distances and the nerve cross-sectional areas in each specimen were measured. The morphology of each nerve root was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining.

Results.
The limited laminectomy was performed to expose the S1 to S3 extradural nerve roots. The VRs could be isolated from each extradural nerve root at the location of the dorsal root ganglion and the hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that there were some connective tissues separating the VRs from the corresponding dorsal root ganglion. The S2 and S3 VRs have sufficient lengths to be transferred to S1 VR without grafting. The mean cross-sectional area of the S1 VR was 2.60 ± 0.17 mm2, and that was 1.02 ± 0.32 mm2 and 0.51 ± 0.21 mm2 of the S2 and S3 VRs, respectively.

Conclusion.
This study demonstrated that use of the S2 and S3 VRs for extradural transfer to S1 VR for restoring bladder dysfunction is surgically feasible.

Level of Evidence: 5
Index Case of Cutaneous Follicular Mycosis Fungoides With Central Nervous System Involvement and Review of Literature
Authors: Nguyen Giang Huong , Mohler Alexander , Leppert Michelle , Parra Cindy , Zeng Yue-Ping , Prok Lori , Schowinsky Jeffrey , Magro Cynthia M. , Pacheco Theresa , Ney Douglas 
Published: February 2018

Abstract:
Central nervous system involvement by mycosis fungoides (MF) is rare and is usually seen in advanced stages of the disease. We describe a patient with early-stage follicular MF who presented with changes in mental status. Despite an initial diagnosis of vasculitis based on clinical and brain biopsy results, the postmortem examination revealed extensive infiltration of MF cells throughout the brain with leptomeningeal involvement. This case in addition to the accompanied review of literature illustrates the importance of the awareness of central nervous system involvement by MF and highlights the need for an urgent neurologic evaluation in patients with a history of MF now presenting with neurologic signs or symptoms.
Asymmetric price responses to stock addition to and deletion from the Athens Stock Exchange Index
Authors: Papachristou George , Papadamou Stephanos , Spyromitros Eleftherios 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the response of investors to the announcements on the inclusion and exclusion of companies from the FTSE-ASE 20 index.

Design/methodology/approach
Data on the inclusion and exclusion of companies from the FTSE-ASE 20 index in the period 2000-2012 were used. The authors performed an event study analysis using a constant return model and a market model. Two different measures of aggregated abnormal returns, namely the cumulating abnormal returns and the buy-and-hold abnormal return, were used in this investigation.

Findings
The results suggest that the exclusion of a company from the index has a significant negative effect on stock returns. Specifically, such a stock takes more than 15 days to recover. However, for a company’s inclusion in the index, the authors observe short-lived positive reactions on stock returns.

Practical implications
Capital market regulators and investors should find the policy implications of this paper meaningful. Investment strategies can be implemented on the basis of the news of exclusion from the index, which can lead to higher performance for investors. As far as authorities are concerned, the decision of inclusion and exclusion to the most significant stock index in the Greek market should be carefully considered because it creates financial instability for a significant time period.

Originality/value
By using a battery of parametric and non-parametric econometric tests, the existence of abnormal returns of the FTSE-ASE 20 index is explored over a long time period, including the recent financial crisis.
How to reduce turnover intention in team sports? Effect of organizational support on turnover intention of professional team sports athletes
Authors: Ströbel Tim , Maier Christopher , Woratschek Herbert 
Published: February 2018

PurposeTurnover of employees is a key challenge for companies. The same is true for sports clubs that must set appropriate incentives to decrease their athletes’ turnover intention. As salary caps and team budgets restrict monetary incentives, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of organizational support on turnover intention of professional team sports athletes.Design/methodology/approachThe paper applies a combined approach of qualitative and quantitative research and considers the specific requirements of European professional team sports. First, a qualitative study investigates organizational support in team sports and identifies relevant non-monetary incentives. Second, a quantitative study tests the effects of the identified organizational support incentives on turnover intention using a unique data set of professional team sports athletes. Third, a moderation analysis measures possible effects of age.FindingsThrough the qualitative study, three relevant non-monetary incentives could be identified in the context of professional team sports: integration of family (IOF), second career support, and private problem support. The subsequent quantitative study of football, ice hockey and handball athletes assesses the effectiveness of the identified incentives. All three incentives negatively influence athletes’ turnover intention, while IOF has a substantially stronger negative effect on turnover intention for younger athletes.Originality/valueThe findings indicate the importance of organizational support to decrease athletes’ turnover intention. Although money is relevant, sports clubs also need to address non-monetary incentives to decrease their athletes’ turnover intention.
First draft genome of an iconic clownfish species (Amphiprion frenatus)
Authors: Marcionetti Anna , Rossier Victor , Bertrand Joris A. M. , Litsios Glenn , Salamin Nicolas 
Published: February 2018

AbstractClownfishes (or anemonefishes) form an iconic group of coral reef fishes, principally known for their mutualistic interaction with sea anemones. They are characterized by particular life history traits, such as a complex social structure and mating system involving sequential hermaphroditism, coupled with an exceptionally long lifespan. Additionally, clownfishes are considered to be one of the rare groups to have experienced an adaptive radiation in the marine environment. Here, we assembled and annotated the first genome of a clownfish species, the tomato clownfish (Amphiprion frenatus). We obtained 17,801 assembled scaffolds, containing a total of 26,917 genes. The completeness of the assembly and annotation was satisfying, with 96.5% of the Actinopterygii Benchmarking Universal Single‐Copy Orthologs (BUSCOs) being retrieved in A. frenatus assembly. The quality of the resulting assembly is comparable to other bony fish assemblies. This resource is valuable for advancing studies of the particular life history traits of clownfishes, as well as being useful for population genetic studies and the development of new phylogenetic markers. It will also open the way to comparative genomics. Indeed, future genomic comparison among closely related fishes may provide means to identify genes related to the unique adaptations to different sea anemone hosts, as well as better characterize the genomic signatures of an adaptive radiation.