bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
145 An Audit on Hip Fracture Rehabilitation Using a Community Integrated Care Programme
Authors: Sullivan Rachel , Khan Sarah , Gannon Elizabeth , Byrne Aoife , Spencer Michelle , Whelan Mairin , Nee Rory 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Teiripe sa Bhaile (TsaB) is an integrated rehabilitation programme that provides Early Supported Discharge (ESD) to patients following hip fractures. It involves weekly multidisciplinary domiciliary visits to patients under the guidance of a community geriatrician. ESD in hip fractures has been proven to be safe, more effective at improving functional recovery than inpatient rehab with a reduced average length of stay (LOS) (Chudyk 2009) and better outcomes in mobility and quality of life. (Langeland 2019)

Methods
A retrospective chart review was carried out on patients enrolled in TsaB since July 2018. The Chartered Society of Physiotherapy for Hip Fracture Rehabilitation state that following discharge from hospital, rehabilitation should commence within 72 hours and all patients should receive two hours of rehabilitation per week until they have reached their goals. An appropriate outcome measure is recommended to measure progress against each rehab goal. The Functional Independence Measure (FIM) which looks at their level of assistance with Activities of Daily Living, was recorded pre and post completion of the programme.

Results
Fifteen patients completed TsaB over 3 to 8 week period. The male to female ratio was 3:1. The average age was 80.75 years. The average LOS in hospital post hip fracture was 54 days. The average LOS in hospital with TsaB was 14.8 days. This equates to 4 bed days saved per week. Each patient was seen within 72 hours of referral and received on average 3 hours per week of rehabilitation until their rehabilitation goals were achieved.
Average improvement in FIM was 36.35 (>20 is clinically significant). The average Rockwood frailty scale pre-rehabilitation was 5.6 (mild to moderately frail). This improved to 3.14 (managing symptoms) on discharge. No patients were readmitted within the 30 days post discharge from hospital.

Conclusion
TsaB is a home based integrated rehabilitation programme that enables patients to receive rehab in their homes and reduces the likelihood of complications such as hospital acquired infections and deconditioning.
165 Learning from Others: a Review of Dementia Registries and the Value of Dementia Data within the Irish Context
Authors: Hopper Louise , Bowen Christina 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Since the 1980’s, the number of established dementia registries worldwide has grown considerably and new registries continue to develop (e.g. Cuba, Netherlands, Greece and Australia). Ireland does not currently collect data relating to dementia in any systematic way. A National Dementia Registry model has been commissioned by the National Dementia Office (funded by Dormant Accounts through the Department of Health) to address this gap.

Methods
Despite a growth in dementia registry numbers (30+), no international standard has emerged, nor does Ireland have national guidelines in relation to patient registries. We commenced with a review of research, volunteer, epidemiological, and quality of care registries to examine similarities and differences in their design, governance, data collection, outputs and perceived value, so that we can mirror and learn from these and determine the possibilities for value creation in an Irish context.

Results
Key models have emerged along with a willingness to share experiences and support our learning (e.g. France, Spain, Sweden, Norway and USA). Common data includes patient characteristics, diagnostic work-up, diagnosis, treatment (point in time) and service provider details. There is a clear shift towards quality models that identify variation in best practice, follow the patient over time (only Sweden to date), and provide feedback on performance in an effort to stimulate quality improvement and motivate change. No jurisdiction has perfect conditions. The creation of a registry can itself drive the change required to enable it to add value to the health system.

Conclusion
Existing dementia registries evidence the value that a dementia registry provides, in particular the fostering of clinical best practice and improvement in patient outcomes. Notwithstanding the challenges of integrated data collection in Ireland, these registry models illustrate that the time is right to develop a national dementia registry. The value and importance in having dementia data cannot be underestimated.
Reversal of the Warburg phenomenon in chemoprevention of prostate cancer by sulforaphane
Authors: Singh Krishna B , Hahm Eun-Ryeong , Alumkal Joshi J , Foley Lesley M , Hitchens T Kevin , Shiva Sruti S , Parikh Rahul A , Jacobs Bruce L , Singh Shivendra V 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Inhibition of metabolic re-programming represents an attractive approach for prevention of prostate cancer. Studies have implicated increased synthesis of fatty acids or glycolysis in pathogenesis of human prostate cancers. We have shown previously that prostate cancer prevention by sulforaphane (SFN) in Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of Mouse Prostate (TRAMP) model is associated with inhibition of fatty acid metabolism. This study utilized human prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP, 22Rv1 and PC-3), two different transgenic mouse models (TRAMP and Hi-Myc) and plasma specimens from a clinical study to explore the glycolysis inhibition potential of SFN. We found that SFN treatment: (i) decreased real-time extracellular acidification rate in LNCaP, but not in PC-3 cell line; (ii) significantly downregulated expression of hexokinase II (HKII), pyruvate kinase M2 and/or lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) in vitro in cells and in vivo in neoplastic lesions in the prostate of TRAMP and Hi-Myc mice; and (iii) significantly suppressed glycolysis in prostate of Hi-Myc mice as measured by ex vivo1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy. SFN treatment did not decrease glucose uptake or expression of glucose transporters in cells. Overexpression of c-Myc, but not constitutively active Akt, conferred protection against SFN-mediated downregulation of HKII and LDHA protein expression and suppression of lactate levels. Examination of plasma lactate levels in prostate cancer patients following administration of an SFN-rich broccoli sprout extract failed to show declines in its levels. Additional clinical trials are needed to determine whether SFN treatment can decrease lactate production in human prostate tumors.
Targeting lysosome function causes selective cytotoxicity in VHL-inactivated renal cell carcinomas
Authors: Bouhamdani Nadia , Comeau Dominique , Coholan Alexandre , Cormier Kevin , Turcotte Sandra 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The inactivation of the tumor suppressor gene, von Hippel-Lindau (VHL), has been identified as the earliest event in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) development. The loss of heterogeneity by chromosome 3p deletion followed by inactivating mutations on the second VHL copy are events present in close to 90% of patients. Our study illustrates a lysosomal vulnerability in VHL-inactivated RCC in vitro. By investigating the mechanism of action of the previously identified STF-62247, a small bioactive compound known for its selective cytotoxic properties towards VHL-defective models, we present the promising approach of targeting truncal-driven VHL inactivation through lysosome disruption. Furthermore, by analyzing the open platform for exploring cancer genomic data (cbioportal), we uncover the high alteration frequency of essential lysosomal and autophagic genes in sequenced biopsies from clear cell RCC patient primary tumors. By investigating lysosome physiology, we also identify VHL-inactivated cells’ inability to maintain their lysosomes at the perinuclear localization in response to STF-62247-induced stress and accumulate cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in response to an inefficient lysosomal degradative capacity. Finally, by testing other known lysosomal-disrupting agents (LDAs), we show that these are selectively cytotoxic to cells lacking VHL functions. Our study builds a strong platform that could specifically link genetic clonal ccRCC evolution to lysosomal and trafficking vulnerabilities.
Bedaquiline for the Treatment of Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis in the United States
Authors: Mase Sundari , Chorba Terence , Parks Samuel , Belanger Ann , Dworkin Felicia , Seaworth Barbara , Warkentin Jon , Barry Pennan , Shah Neha 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
In 2012, the Food and Drug Administration approved use of bedaquiline fumarate as part of combination therapy for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB). We describe treatment outcomes, safety, and tolerability of bedaquiline in our case series.

Methods
Data on patients started on bedaquiline for MDR TB between September 2012 and August 2016 were collected retrospectively through 4 TB programs using a standardized abstraction tool. Data were analyzed using univariate methods. Adverse events were graded using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events.

Results
Of 14 patients, 7 (50%) had MDR, 4 (29%) had pre–extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and 3 (21%) had XDR TB. All had pulmonary TB, 5 (36%) had pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB, and 9/13 (69%) were smear positive. One patient (7%) had HIV coinfection, 5 (36%) had diabetes mellitus, and 5/14 (36%) had previous treatment TB. All patients were non–US-born and 5/14 (36%) had private insurance. All patients achieved sputum culture conversion within a mean of 71 days (26–116); 5 after starting bedaquiline. Twelve (86%) completed treatment and 1 (7%) moved out of the country. One patient (7%) had QTc prolongation &gt;500 milliseconds and died 20 months after discontinuing bedaquiline of a cause not attributable to the drug. Common adverse events were peripheral neuropathy 7/14 (50%), not customarily associated with bedaquiline use, and QTc prolongation 6/14 (43%).

Conclusions
Of 14 patients, 1 (7%) had an adverse event necessitating bedaquiline discontinuation. Safety, culture conversion, and treatment completion in this series (7%) support use of bedaquiline for the treatment of MDR/XDR TB.
Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of Plasmodium falciparum Sporozoite Vaccine Administered by Direct Venous Inoculation to Infants and Young Children: Findings From an Age De-escalation, Dose-Escalation, Double-blind, Randomized Controlled Study in Western Kenya
Authors: Steinhardt Laura C , Richie Thomas L , Yego Reuben , Akach Dorcas , Hamel Mary J , Gutman Julie R , Wiegand Ryan E , Nzuu Elizabeth L , Dungani Allan , Kc Natasha , Murshedkar Tooba , Church L W Preston , Sim B Kim Lee , Billingsley Peter F , James Eric R , Abebe Yonas , Kariuki Simon , Samuels Aaron M , Otieno Kephas , Sang Tony , Kachur S Patrick , Styers David , Schlessman Kelly , Abarbanell Ginnie , Hoffman Stephen L , Seder Robert A , Oneko Martina 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
The whole Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite (PfSPZ) vaccine is being evaluated for malaria prevention. The vaccine is administered intravenously for maximal efficacy. Direct venous inoculation (DVI) with PfSPZ vaccine has been safe, tolerable, and feasible in adults, but safety data for children and infants are limited.

Methods
We conducted an age de-escalation, dose-escalation randomized controlled trial in Siaya County, western Kenya. Children and infants (aged 5–9 years, 13–59 months, and 5–12 months) were enrolled into 13 age-dose cohorts of 12 participants and randomized 2:1 to vaccine or normal saline placebo in escalating doses: 1.35 × 105, 2.7 × 105, 4.5 × 105, 9.0 × 105, and 1.8 × 106 PfSPZ, with the 2 highest doses given twice, 8 weeks apart. Solicited adverse events (AEs) were monitored for 8 days after vaccination, unsolicited AEs for 29 days, and serious AEs throughout the study. Blood taken prevaccination and 1 week postvaccination was tested for immunoglobulin G antibodies to P. falciparum circumsporozoite protein (PfCSP) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results
Rates of AEs were similar in vaccinees and controls for solicited (35.7% vs 41.5%) and unsolicited (83.9% vs 92.5%) AEs, respectively. No related grade 3 AEs, serious AEs, or grade 3 laboratory abnormalities occurred. Most (79.0%) vaccinations were administered by a single DVI. Among those in the 9.0 × 105 and 1.8 × 106 PfSPZ groups, 36 of 45 (80.0%) vaccinees and 4 of 21 (19.0%) placebo controls developed antibodies to PfCSP (P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
PfSPZ vaccine in doses as high as 1.8 × 106 can be administered to infants and children by DVI, and was safe, well tolerated, and immunogenic.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT02687373.
Tuberculosis, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, and the Association With Transient Hyperglycemia in Periurban South Africa
Authors: Kubjane Mmamapudi , Berkowitz Natacha , Goliath Rene , Levitt Naomi S , Wilkinson Robert J , Oni Tolu 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Diabetes mellitus (DM) increases tuberculosis (TB) risk. We assessed the prevalence of hyperglycemia (DM and impaired glucose regulation [IGR]) in persons with TB and the association between hyperglycemia and TB at enrollment and 3 months after TB treatment in the context of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.

Methods
Adults presenting at a Cape Town TB clinic were enrolled. TB cases were defined by South African guidelines, while non-TB participants were those who presented with respiratory symptoms, negative TB tests, and resolution of symptoms 3 months later without TB treatment. HIV status was ascertained through medical records or HIV testing. All participants were screened for DM using glycated hemoglobin and fasting plasma glucose at TB treatment and after 3 months. The association between TB and DM was assessed.

Results
Overall DM prevalence was 11.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.1%–15.4%) at enrollment and 9.3% (95% CI, 6.4%–13%) at follow-up; IGR prevalence was 46.9% (95% CI, 42.2%–51.8%) and 21.5% (95% CI, 16.9%–26.3%) at enrollment and follow-up. TB/DM association was significant at enrollment (odds ratio [OR], 2.41 [95% CI, 1.3–4.3]) and follow-up (OR, 3.3 [95% CI, 1.5–7.3]), whereas TB/IGR association was only positive at enrollment (OR, 2.3 [95% CI, 1.6–3.3]). The TB/DM association was significant at enrollment in both new and preexisting DM, but only persisted at follow-up in preexisting DM in patients with HIV-1 infection.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrated high prevalence of transient hyperglycemia and a significant TB/DM and TB/IGR association at enrollment in newly diagnosed DM, but persistent hyperglycemia and TB/DM association in patients with HIV-1 infection and preexisting DM, despite TB therapy.
Prognostic value of the 12-lead surface electrocardiogram in sarcomeric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: data from the REMY French register
Authors: Ledieu Nicolas , Larnier Louis , Auffret Vincent , Marie Coralie , Fargeau Dominique , Donal Erwan , Mirabel Mariana , Jeunemaitre Xavier , Puscas Tania , Marijon Eloi , Reynaud Amélie , Ritter Philippe , Lafitte Stephane , Mabo Philippe , Réant Patricia , Daubert Claude , Hagège Albert A ,   REMY Working Group of the French Society of Cardiology
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Aims
To identify independent electrocardiogram (ECG) predictors of long-term clinical outcome based on standardized analysis of the surface ECG in a large multicentre cohort of patients with sarcomeric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).

Methods and results
Retrospective observational study from the REMY French HCM clinical research observatory. Primary endpoint was a composite of all-cause mortality, major non-fatal arrhythmic events, hospitalization for heart failure (HF), and stroke. Secondary endpoints were components of the primary endpoint. Uni- and multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors. Among 994 patients with HCM, only 1.8% had a strictly normal baseline ECG. The most prevalent abnormalities were inverted T waves (63.7%), P-wave abnormalities (30.4%), and abnormal Q waves (25.5%). During a mean follow-up of 4.0 ± 2.0 years, a total of 272 major cardiovascular events occurred in 217 patients (21.8%): death or heart transplant in 98 (9.8%), major arrhythmic events in 40 (4.0%), HF hospitalization in 115 (11.6%), and stroke in 23 (2.3%). At multivariable analysis using ECG covariates, prolonged QTc interval, low QRS voltage, and PVCs of right bundle branch block pattern predicted worse outcome, but none remained independently associated with the primary endpoint after adjustment on main demographic and clinical variables. For secondary endpoints, abnormal Q waves independently predicted all-cause death [hazard ratio (HR) 2.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.23–4.47; P = 0.009] and prolonged QTc the risk of HF hospitalization (HR 1.006, 95% CI 1.001–1.011; P = 0.024).

Conclusion
The 12-lead surface ECG has no independent value to predict the primary outcome measure in patients with HCM. The 12-lead surface ECG has been widely used as a screening tool in HCM but its prognostic value remains poorly known. The value of baseline surface ECG to predict long-term clinical outcomes was studied in a cohort of 994 patients with sarcomeric HCM. The surface ECG has no significant additional value to predict outcome in this patient population
The second information revolution: digitalization brings opportunities and concerns for public health
Authors: McKee Martin , van Schalkwyk May C I , Stuckler David 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe spread of the written word, facilitated by the introduction of the printing press, was an information revolution with profound implications for European society. Now, a second information revolution is underway, a digital transformation that is shaping the way Europeans live and interact with each other and the world around them. We are confronted with an unprecedented expansion in ways to share and access information and experiences, to express ourselves and communicate. Yet while these changes have undoubtedly provided many benefits for health, from information sharing to improved surveillance and diagnostics, they also open up many potential threats. These come in many forms. Here we review some the pressing issues of concern; discrimination; breaches of privacy; iatrogenesis; disinformation and misinformation or ‘fake news’ and cyber-attacks. These have the potential to impact negatively on the health and wellbeing of individuals as well as entire communities and nations. We call for a concerted European response to maximize the benefits of the digital revolution while minimizing the harms, arguably one of the greatest challenges facing the public health community today.
Data-adaptive spatio-temporal filtering of GRACE data
Authors: Prevost Paoline , Chanard Kristel , Fleitout Luce , Calais Eric , Walwer Damian , van Dam Tonie , Ghil Michael 
Published: September 2019

SUMMARYMeasurements of the spatio-temporal variations of Earth’s gravity field from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission have led to new insights into large spatial mass redistribution at secular, seasonal and subseasonal timescales. GRACE solutions from various processing centres, while adopting different processing strategies, result in rather coherent estimates. However, these solutions also exhibit random as well as systematic errors, with specific spatial patterns in the latter.In order to dampen the noise and enhance the geophysical signals in the GRACE data, we propose an approach based on a data-driven spatio-temporal filter, namely the Multichannel Singular Spectrum Analysis (M-SSA). M-SSA is a data-adaptive, multivariate, and non-parametric method that simultaneously exploits the spatial and temporal correlations of geophysical fields to extract common modes of variability.We perform an M-SSA analysis on 13 yr of GRACE spherical harmonics solutions from five different processing centres in a simultaneous setup. We show that the method allows us to extract common modes of variability between solutions, while removing solution-specific spatio-temporal errors that arise from the processing strategies. In particular, the method efficiently filters out the spurious north–south stripes, which are caused in all likelihood by aliasing, due to the imperfect geophysical correction models and low-frequency noise in measurements.Comparison of the M-SSA GRACE solution with mass concentration (mascons) solutions shows that, while the former remains noisier, it does retrieve geophysical signals masked by the mascons regularization procedure.
Integration of geological and seismological data in earthquakes occurrence models for Italy: towards a unified model for different forecast perspectives
Authors: Lombardi A M 
Published: September 2019

SUMMARYThe operational earthquake forecasting (OEF) is a procedure aimed at informing communities on how seismic hazard changes with time. This can help them live with seismicity and mitigate risk of destructive earthquakes. A successful short-term prediction scheme is not yet produced, but the search for it should not be abandoned. This requires more research on seismogenetic processes and, specifically, inclusion of any information about earthquakes in models, to improve forecast of future events, at any spatio-temporal-magnitude scale.The short- and long-term forecast perspectives of earthquake occurrence followed, up to now, separate paths, involving different data and peculiar models. But actually they are not so different and have common features, being parts of the same physical process. Research on earthquake predictability can help to search for a common path in different forecast perspectives.This study aims to improve the modelling of long-term features of seismicity inside the epidemic type aftershock sequence (ETAS) model, largely used for short-term forecast and OEF procedures. Specifically, a more comprehensive estimation of background seismicity rate inside the ETAS model is attempted, by merging different types of data (seismological instrumental, historical, geological), such that information on faults and on long-term seismicity integrates instrumental data, on which the ETAS models are generally set up. The main finding is that long-term historical seismicity and geological fault data improve the pseudo-prospective forecasts of independent seismicity.The study is divided in three parts. The first consists in models formulation and parameter estimation on recent seismicity of Italy. Specifically, two versions of ETAS model are compared: a ‘standard’, previously published, formulation, only based on instrumental seismicity, and a new version, integrating different types of data for background seismicity estimation. Secondly, a pseudo-prospective test is performed on independent seismicity, both to test the reliability of formulated models and to compare them, in order to identify the best version. Finally, a prospective forecast is made, to point out differences and similarities in predicting future seismicity between two models.This study must be considered in the context of its limitations; anyway, it proves, beyond argument, the usefulness of a more sophisticated estimation of background rate, inside short-term modelling of earthquakes.