bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multiple treatment comparison meta‐analysis of monoamine oxidase type B inhibitors for Parkinson's disease
Authors: Binde C. D. , Tvete I. F. , Gåsemyr J. , Natvig B. , Klemp M. 
Published: May 2018

AimsTo the best of our knowledge, there are no systematic reviews or meta‐analyses that compare rasagiline, selegiline and safinamide. Therefore, we aimed to perform a drug class review comparing all available monoamine oxidase type B (MAO‐B) inhibitors in a multiple treatment comparison.MethodsWe performed a systematic literature search to identify randomized controlled trials assessing the efficacy of MAO‐B inhibitors in patients with Parkinson's disease. MAO‐B inhibitors were evaluated either as monotherapy or in combination with levodopa or dopamine agonists. Endpoints of interest were change in the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) score and serious adverse events. We estimated the relative effect of each MAO‐B inhibitor versus the comparator drug by creating three networks of direct and indirect comparisons. For each of the networks, we considered a joint model.ResultsThe systematic literature search and study selection process identified 27 publications eligible for our three network analyses. We found the relative effects of rasagiline, safinamide and selegiline treatment given alone and compared to placebo in a model without explanatory variables to be 1.560 (1.409, 1.734), 1.449 (0.873, 2.413) and 1.532 (1.337, 1.757) respectively. We also found all MAO‐B inhibitors to be efficient when given together with levodopa. When ranking the MAO‐B inhibitors given in combination with levodopa, selegiline was the most effective and rasagiline was the second best.ConclusionsAll of the included MAO‐B inhibitors were effective compared to placebo when given as monotherapy. Combination therapy with MAO‐B inhibitors and levodopa showed that all three MAO‐B inhibitors were effective compared to placebo, but selegiline was the most effective drug.
Transdifferentiation of human somatic cells by ribosome
Authors: Ito Naofumi , Anam Mohammad Badrul , Ahmad Shah Adil Ishtiyaq , Ohta Kunimasa 
Published: May 2018

AbstractRibosomes are intracellular organelles ubiquitous in all organisms, which translate information from mRNAs to synthesize proteins. They are complex macromolecules composed of dozens of proteins and ribosomal RNAs. Other than translation, some ribosomal proteins also have side‐jobs called “Moonlighting” function. The majority of these moonlighting functions influence cancer progression, early development and differentiation. Recently, we discovered that ribosome is involved in the regulation of cellular transdifferentiation of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). In vitro incorporation of ribosomes into HDFs arrests cell proliferation and induces the formation of cell clusters, that differentiate into three germ layer derived cells upon induction by differentiation mediums. The discovery of ribosome induced transdifferentiation, that is not based on genetic modification, find new possibilities for the treatment of cancer and congenital diseases, as well as to understand early development and cellular lineage differentiation.
The value of prolactin in predicting prolactinοma in hyperprolactinaemic polycystic ovarian syndrome
Authors: Kyritsi Eleni Magdalini , Dimitriadis Georgios K. , Angelousi Anna , Mehta Hiten , Shad Amjad , Mytilinaiou Maria , Kaltsas Gregory , Randeva Harpal S. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundTo identify a serum prolactin (PRL) cut‐off value indicative of a PRL‐producing adenoma in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and hyperprolactinaemia and characterize such patients.Materials and methodsIn the present retrospective case–control study, the medical records of 528 PCOS women were reviewed. Pituitary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in PCOS patients with PRL levels ≥94.0 ng/mL and/or symptoms suspicious of a pituitary adenoma (PA). Prolactinoma diagnosis was made in the presence of an MRI‐identifiable PA with biochemical and radiological response to dopamine agonists. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine a serum PRL threshold that could identify hyperprolactinaemic PCOS subjects with prolactinomas. Clinical, metabolic and endocrine parameters were also analysed.ResultsAmong 528 patients with PCOS, 60 (11.4%) had elevated PRL levels. Of 44 (73.3%) patients who had pituitary imaging, 19 had PAs, 18 normal MRI and 7 other abnormalities. Patients harbouring prolactinomas had significantly higher PRL levels compared to patients without adenomas (median PRL 95.4 vs 49.2 ng/mL, P < .0001). A PRL threshold of 85.2 ng/mL could distinguish patients with prolactinomas with 77% sensitivity and 100% specificity [Area Under the curve (AUC) (95%) 0.91(0.8‐1.018), P = .0001]. PCOS women with prolactinomas were younger and had lower LH levels compared to women without prolactinomas.ConclusionsIn women with PCOS, PRL levels exceeding 85.2 ng/mL are highly suggestive of a prolactinoma warranting pituitary imaging. Pituitary MRI could also be considered in young PCOS patients with milder PRL elevation and low LH levels.
Busulfan‐based myeloablative conditioning regimens for haploidentical transplantation in high‐risk acute leukemias and myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Gayoso Jorge , Balsalobre Pascual , Kwon Mi , Herrera Pilar , Bermúdez Arancha , Sampol Antonia , Jiménez Santiago , López‐Corral Lucía , Serrano David , Piñana Jose Luis , Pascual María J. , Heras Inmaculada , Bento Leyre , Varela Rosario , Humala Karem , Zabalza Amaya , Laiglesia Almudena , Bastos‐Oreiro Mariana , Pérez‐Corral Ana , Martínez‐Laperche Carolina , Buño Ismael , Díez‐Martín José L. ,   GETH (Grupo Español de Trasplante Hematopoyético), Spain
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐risk acute leukemia (AL) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) remain a therapeutic challenge. Unmanipulated haploidentical‐related donor transplantation based on a myeloablative conditioning regimen (HAPLO‐MAC) and post‐transplant cyclophosphamide (PT‐Cy) as prophylaxis against graft vs host disease (GvHD) is now a promising rescue strategy that could become universally available.ObjectiveTo evaluate the results of HAPLO‐MAC with PT‐Cy in patients with AL and MDS reported to the Haploidentical Transplantation Subcommittee of the Spanish Group for Hematopoietic Transplantation (GETH).Patients and methodsWe report our multicenter experience using an IV busulfan‐based HAPLO‐MAC regimen and PT‐Cy for treatment of 65 adults with high‐risk AL and MDS.ResultsEngraftment was recorded in 64 patients (98.5%), with a median time to neutrophil and platelet recovery of 16 and 27 days, respectively. The cumulative incidence of grade II‐IV acute GvHD and chronic GvHD was 28.6% and 27.5%, respectively. After a median follow‐up of 31 months for survivors, the cumulative incidence of non‐relapse mortality and relapse at 2 years was 18.8% and 25%, respectively. Estimated 30‐month event‐free survival and overall survival were 56% and 54.5%, respectively.ConclusionHAPLO‐MAC comprising an IV busulfan‐based conditioning regimen enabled long‐term disease control with acceptable toxicity in high‐risk AL and MDS.
Early versus later treatment start in multiple sclerosis: a register‐based cohort study
Authors: Chalmer T. A. , Baggesen L. M. , Nørgaard M. , Koch‐Henriksen N. , Magyari M. , Sorensen P. S. ,   the Danish Multiple Sclerosis Group
Published: May 2018

Background and purposeTo assess long‐term treatment effectiveness of disease‐modifying therapy (DMT) initiated early in disease course versus later treatment start.MethodsWe included all Danish patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) treated with DMT through two nationwide population‐based MS registries. Patients were categorized as early treated if treatment started within 2 years after the first MS symptom (n = 2316) and later treated if treatment started between 2 and 8 years after clinical onset (n = 1479). We compared time from treatment start to progression to an Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score of 6 and mortality between cohorts as hazard ratio (HR) using a Cox proportional hazards model with adjustment for stabilized inverse probability of treatment weights. Several sensitivity analyses were conducted.ResultsThe median follow‐up time of 3795 patients was 7.0 (range 0.6–19.5) years for the EDSS score of 6 outcome and 10.4 (range 1.2–20.1) years for the mortality outcome. Patients with later treatment start showed a 42% increased hazard rate of reaching an EDSS score of 6 compared with the early‐treated patients [HR, 1.42; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.18–1.70; P < 0.001]. When stratified by sex, the increased hazard among later‐treated women persisted (HR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.22–1.93; P < 0.001), whereas the HR was lower in men (1.25; 95% CI, 0.93–1.69; P = 0.15). Mortality was increased by 38% in later starters (HR, 1.38; 95% CI, 0.96–1.99; P = 0.08).ConclusionsPatients who started treatment with DMT later reached an EDSS score of 6 more quickly compared with patients who started early and the delay showed a tendency to shorten time to death. Our results support the use of early treatment.
Outsourcing justice?
Authors: Stafford Anne , Stapleton Pamela 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe paper takes an institutional logics theoretical approach to examine how an outsourcing scandal of overcharging for electronic monitoring of offenders was managed so that, despite public outrage, government was able to maintain its outsourcing policies. Using secondary data archival sources in the public domain, it examines the actions of the contractors and state agencies. The paper shows how organisations with different logics became co‐dependent and worked together to resolve the scandal. Market logics were temporarily reined back and state logics emphasised as the contractual environment was stabilised. But ultimately their purpose was protection of the markets logics‐driven policy.
Certified Reference Materials of Molybdenum Ore and Molybdenum Concentrate (GBW07141, GBW07142, GBW07143 and GBW07144)
Authors: Liu Mei , Cheng Zhizhong , Huang Hongku , Gu Tiexin , Yan Weidong , Wang Lijun , Bai Jinfeng 
Published: May 2018

This study describes the preparation and characterisation of certified reference materials of three molybdenum ores (GBW07141 to GBW07143, abbreviated to GMo‐1 to GMo‐3) and one molybdenum concentrate (GBW07144, abbreviated to GMo‐4). The source of these materials was molybdenum deposits in Luanchuan in Henan Province, China. Sample homogeneity was tested by WD‐XRF. All the relative standard deviations were < 3.0%, and F‐tests showed that all four materials were homogeneous. Thirteen laboratories participated in this interlaboratory programme, and to set the values, various reliable analytical methods based on different principles were adopted. Up to twenty‐six elements and compounds in the three molybdenum ores and eighteen components in the molybdenum concentrate were characterised as certified values. Owing to the wide spread of the data, only indicative values could be obtained for Ag and Re in GMo‐1 and for nine components in GMo‐4. The certified values and uncertainties for Mo of the three molybdenum ores and the molybdenum concentrate were, respectively, 0.066 ± 0.003, 0.15 ± 0.01, 0.54 ± 0.02 and 50.08 ± 0.14% m/m.
Effects of the differential expression of ZO‐1 and ZO‐2 on podocyte structure and function
Authors: Itoh Masahiko , Nakadate Kazuhiko , Matsusaka Taiji , Hunziker Walter , Sugimoto Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2018

AbstractGlomerular podocytes in the kidney originate from columnar epithelial cells possessing tight junctions. During podocyte differentiation, tight junctions are replaced by slit diaphragms, which are formed between foot processes and function as a blood filtration barrier. Although the expression of most tight junction components is suppressed during podocyte differentiation, several components, including ZO‐1 and ZO‐2, are consistently expressed. We recently showed that podocyte‐specific deletion of ZO‐1 gene impaired slit diaphragm formation, leading to proteinuria and glomerular sclerosis. Here, we address the relevance of ZO‐2, whose sequence is highly similar to ZO‐1, in the maintenance of the structure and function of podocytes. In glomerular development, the spatiotemporal expression of ZO‐2 was similar to that of ZO‐1 until the capillary loop stage. Subsequently, the distribution patterns of ZO‐1 and ZO‐2 diverged at the maturation stage, when slit diaphragms are formed. This divergence could partly rely on the ability of ZO‐2 to interact with the slit diaphragm membrane proteins. Podocyte‐specific deletion of the ZO‐2 gene did not cause overt defects; however, double knockout of ZO‐1 and ZO‐2 genes accelerated the defects observed in ZO‐1 knockout mice. These results suggest that ZO‐2 plays supportive roles in the ZO‐1‐dependent regulation of podocyte filtration barrier.
First‐line antiretroviral therapy with efavirenz plus tenofovir disiproxil fumarate/emtricitabine or rilpivirine plus tenofovir disiproxil fumarate/emtricitabine: a durability comparison
Authors: Taramasso L , Di Biagio A , Maggiolo F , Tavelli A , Lo Caputo S , Bonora S , Zaccarelli M , Caramello P , Costantini A , Viscoli C , d'Arminio Monforte A , Cozzi‐Lepri A ,   the Italian Cohort Naive Antiretrovirals (ICONA) Foundation Study Group
Published: May 2018

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare the durabilities of efavirenz (EFV) and rilpivirine (RPV) in combination with tenofovir/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) in first‐line regimens.MethodsA multicentre prospective and observational study was carried out. We included all patients participating in the Italian Cohort Naive Antiretrovirals (ICONA) Foundation Study who started first‐line combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) with TDF/FTC in combination with RPV or EFV, with a baseline viral load < 100 000 HIV‐1 RNA copies/mL. Survival analyses using Kaplan–Meier (KM) curves and Cox regression with time‐fixed covariates at baseline were employed.ResultsOverall, 1490 ART‐naïve patients were included in the study, of whom 704 were initiating their first cART with EFV and 786 with RPV. Patients treated with EFV, compared with those on RPV, were older [median 36 (interquartile range (IQR) 30–43) years vs. 33 (IQR 27–39) years, respectively; P < 0.001], were more frequently at Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) stage C (3.1% vs. 1.4%, respectively; P = 0.024), and had a lower median baseline CD4 count [340 (IQR 257–421) cells/μL vs. 447 (IQR 347–580) cells/μL, respectively; P < 0.001] and a higher median viral load [4.38 (IQR 3.92–4.74) log10 copies/mL vs. 4.23 (IQR 3.81–4.59) log10 copies/mL, respectively], (P = 0.004). A total of 343 patients discontinued at least one drug of those included in the first cART regimen, more often EFV (26%) than RPV (13%), by 2 years (P < 0.0001). After adjustment, patients treated with EFV were more likely to discontinue at least one drug for any cause [relative hazard (RH) 4.09; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.89–5.80], for toxicity (RH 2.23; 95% CI 1.05–4.73) for intolerance (RH 5.17; 95% CI 2.66–10.07) and for proactive switch (RH 10.96; 95% CI 3.17–37.87) than those starting RPV.ConclusionsIn our nonrandomized comparison, RPV was better tolerated, less toxic and showed longer durability than EFV, without a significant difference in rates of discontinuation because of failures.
Caring for the suicidal person: A Delphi study of what characterizes a recovery‐oriented caring approach
Authors: Sellin Linda , Kumlin Tomas , Wallsten Tuula , Wiklund Gustin Lena 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMore research is needed for supporting mental health nurses in their caring for suicidal individuals. This study aimed to describe what characterizes a recovery‐oriented caring approach, and how this can be expressed through caring acts involving suicidal patients and their relatives. Delphi methodology was used, and research participants were recruited as experts by experience to explore a recovery‐oriented caring approach in a dialogical process between the experts and the researchers. The results highlight that it is important to acknowledge the view of the uniqueness of each person and reflected understanding of each individual person and experience. The results also reveal that a recovery‐oriented caring approach is characterized by a ‘communicative togetherness’. This communicative togetherness is associated with enabling a nurturing and caring space for suicidal patients to really express themselves and to reach for their own resources. The recovery‐oriented caring approach has thereby potential to facilitate a mutual understanding of the complexities of the patient's situation, and supports patients in influencing their care and regaining authority over their own lives. Accordingly, mental health nurses need to listen sensitively to what suicidal patients really say by acknowledging their lifeworlds and being open to individual variations of their recovery processes. This includes recognizing available and supportive relatives as capable of contributing to the patient's life project to continue living.
A constructivist grounded theory of generalist health professionals and their mental health work
Authors: Brunero Scott , Ramjan Lucie M. , Salamonson Yenna , Nicholls Daniel 
Published: May 2018

AbstractGeneralist health professionals, often without formal mental health training, provide treatment and care to people with serious mental illness who present with physical health problems in general hospital settings. This article will present findings from a constructivist grounded theory study of the work delivered by generalist health staff to consumers with mental illness on the general medical/surgical wards of two metropolitan hospitals in Sydney, Australia. The results analysed included three participant observations, two focus groups, and 21 interviews and hospital policy and protocol documents. A substantive theory of mental health work in general hospital settings is illustrated which conceptualizes the following categories: (i) the experience: conflicting realities and ideals; (ii) The Context: facilitating social distancing; and (iii) the social processes: invisibility affecting confidence. The categories are understood through the theoretical lens of symbolic interactionism with the theory providing insights into how the generalist health professionals understand their sense of self or identity.
Cross‐Country Variability in Cost of Raising Equity: Evidence from Seasoned Equity Offerings
Authors: Gupta Manu , Prakash Puneet , Rangan Nanda K. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe examine how county‐level governance affects the cost of raising equity. Using data on seasoned equity offerings, we find that the underwriting spread is determined by the litigation risk of issue certifiers, and offer underpricing is largely determined by the investment risk of the equity issue. Underwriting spread increases with enhanced legal enforcement, offsetting the reduction in underpricing associated with strong legal enforcement. Our study offers insight into the effect of legal enforcement and regulatory policy on the cost of raising equity.
Longitudinal psychosocial adjustment of women to human papillomavirus infection
Authors: Hsu Yu‐Yun , Wang Wei‐Ming , Fetzer Susan Jane , Cheng Ya‐Min , Hsu Keng‐Fu 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to examine the psychosocial adjustment trajectory, focusing on psychological distress, sexual relationships and healthcare information, and factors which have an impact on adjustment on receiving a positive diagnosis of human papillomavirus infection.BackgroundHuman papillomavirus is a common sexually transmitted infection in females. To date, knowledge of the longitudinal psychosocial response to the diagnosis of human papillomavirus is limited.DesignA prospective longitudinal design was conducted with a convenience sample.MethodsWomen aged 20–65 years old were followed at one, 6 and 12 months after a diagnosis of HPV. Participants completed measures of initial emotional distress and followed up psychosocial adjustment. A mixed‐effects model was applied to analyse the longitudinal changes in psychosocial adjustment.ResultsSeventy human papillomavirus positive women participated in the study with nearly 20% of the women reporting emotional distress during their first visit. Mixed‐effects model analyses showed that a trajectory of psychosocial adjustment in healthcare orientation, sexual relationship and psychosocial distress occur from one to 6 months after HPV diagnosis. However, a declining trend from 6 to 12 months was significant in healthcare orientation. Initial emotional distress was associated with changes in psychological adjustment.ConclusionsPsychosocial adjustment to human papillomavirus was worse at 1 month compared with 6 and 12 months after diagnosis. Healthcare providers should offer health information and psychosocial support to women according to their disease progression.
Burden changes in caregivers of patients with type 2 diabetes: A longitudinal study
Authors: Costa M. Suely Alves , Machado José C. , Pereira M. Graça 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to explore changes in the burden of caregivers of patients with type 2 diabetes experiencing lower limb amputation after surgery.BackgroundLiterature suggests the burden overload experienced by the caregivers of new amputees is related to an imbalance between the demands and the resources available to these caregivers.DesignThe study followed a longitudinal design assessing caregiver burden at 1 (T1), 7 (T2) and 10 (T3) months after the patient's surgery.MethodsWe used a convenience sample of caregivers of patients with type 2 diabetes amputated with recent lower limb amputation. Data were collected in several hospital units over 18 months in 2014‐2015. Sample size included at T1, T2 and T3 110, 101 and 84. Participants completed the socio‐demographic questionnaire, the Burden Assessment Scale and the Self‐Assessment Caregiver Questionnaire scale.ResultsCaregivers who received help reported lower levels of burden from at baseline with no variation over time. Those caregivers with high levels of stress showed an increase in burden over time, although these results were not significant. Also, caregivers who did not receive help showed higher levels of burden and stress over time compared with the initial baseline that decreased over time.ConclusionThese results highlight the importance of receiving help, in care, especially among caregivers who care for patients who have undergone major amputation.