bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
External Flavonoids of 12 Species of North American Eupatorieae (Asteraceae)
Authors: Wollenweber Eckhard , Dörr Marion , Beyer Matthias , Schilling Edward 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The flavonoid aglycones excreted by and deposited on aerial parts of 12 species of tribe Eupatorieae, including 10 species of Eupatorium (narrowly defined), Conoclinium coelestinum, and Brickellia eupatorioides, have been analyzed. The flavonoid pattern of Eupatorium is dominated by 6-O-methylated flavones, and there are relatively few differences between species including those of section Verticillata. In contrast, both Conoclinium and Brickellia were found to have significantly different flavonoid patterns. In Conoclinium, this included more highly O-methylated flavones, including the relatively rare compound 5,7,4′-triOH-6,3′,5′-triOMe flavone. In B. eupatorioides this consisted of O-methylated flavonols that are a feature previously reported to be characteristic of Brickellia and thus support the placement of the species in this genus.
Inhibition of Pancreatic Lipase by Phenolic Acids -Examination in vitro
Authors: Karamać Magdalena , Amarowicz Ryszard 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The influence of addition 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 μm of benzoic and cinnamic acids and selected phenolic acids (salicylic, p-hydroxybenzoic, gentisic, protocatechuic, vanillic, syringic, o-coumaric, p-coumaric, caffeic, ferulic, sinapic) on the activity of pancreatic lipase was examined in vitro. The strongest inhibition activities were observed with caffeic, ferulic and benzoic acid, while sinapic and gentisic acids produced the lowest inhibition.
Reduction of the Formyl Group of Zinc Pheophorbide b in vitro and in vivo: a Model for the Chlorophyll b to a Transformation
Authors: Scheumann Verena , Helfrich Michael , Schoch Siegrid , Rüdiger Wolfhart 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The chemical reduction of the formyl group of pheophorbide b with sodium cyanoborohy­ dride in methanol leads to 71-methoxy-and 71-hydroxy-pheophorbide a. The same reaction with zinc pheophorbide b yields in addition zinc pheophorbide a. This was characterized by mass and 1H -NMR spectroscopy. Infiltration of zinc pheophorbides a and b and of zinc 71-hydroxy-pheophorbide a into etiolated oat leaves yielded phytylated products. The best yield in the esterification was obtained with 71-hydroxy-pheophorbide a. Analysis of the products revealed the formation of zinc pheophytin a from all infiltrated compounds. The significance for the transformation of chlorophyll b into chlorophyll a is discussed.
Antibacterial Diterpenic Acids from Brazilian Propolis
Authors: Bankova V. , Marcucci M.C. , Simova S. , Nikolova N. , Kujumgiev A. , Popov S. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Four labdane-type diterpenic acids and syringaldehyde were isolated and identified from Brazilian propolis. A ll the compounds exhibit antibacterial activity. The diterpenes, found for the first time in propolis, are typical for some Araucaria species and thus indicate a possible plant source of Brazilian propolis.
Two New Triterpenes from the Frond Exudate of the Fern Notholaena rigida
Authors: Arriaga Fco. Javier , Rumbero Angel , Wollenweber Eckhard 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
From the farinose frond exudate of the fern Notho­laena rigida two new triterpenes have been identified. They were found to be the C-24 epimers of 24, 25-diO-isopropylidene-3β, 12β, 20(S)-trihydroxy-dammarane.
Effect of Pulsed Magnetic Fields on Cholesterol and Tryglyceride Levels in Rats Study of Field Intensity and Length of Exposure
Authors: Bellossi A. , Pouvreau-Quillien V. , Rocher C. , Ruelloux M. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In a previous work a decrease in cholesterol and triglyceride plasma levels was observed in rats 24 hours after their exposure to a 12 Hz 6 mT pulsed magnetic field (PMF). This time, a study of intensity effects of a 12 Hz PMF for a sixty-minute exposure and of length of exposure for a 12 Hz 6 mT PMF took place. Non-linear effect-dose relationships were ob­ served for the PMF intensity as well as for the length of exposure used. The highest decreases in cholesterol and triglyceride levels were obtained after to a sixty-minute exposure with 1.5 mT and 12 mT.
Regulation of Fructose 1,6-Bisphosphatase Activity of Chlorella by Mole Mass Change
Authors: Grotjohann N. 
Published: August 2018

Fast protein liquid chromatography on Superose 6 of partially purified FBPase II from Chlorella reveals a 1350 kDa-form at pH 6.0 and a 67 kDa-form at pH 8.5. Treatment of the large enzyme form with 5mᴍ concentrations of Mg2+, F1,6P2, DTT or ATP leads to dissociation into smaller ones of 215 -470 kDa.
Aggregation/dissoziation is a reversible process, as has been shown for the effect of F1,6P2 and of pH, by rechromatography.
The change in mole mass results in alterations of the activitiy and of the kinetic properties of the enzyme forms, obtained. Dissociation results in a 4 - 6 fold increase in activity, as can be shown for F1,6P2-treated samples.
Halfsaturation constants, as well as the degree of cooperativity of the 67- and the 1350- kDa form, are different for substrate affinity, activation by Mg2+ and DTT, and for inhibition by ATP. Both enzyme forms hydrolyse fructose 1,6 bisphosphate and seduheptulose 1,7 bisphosphate better than other phosphorylated compounds. The ratio of F1,6P2- to SDP-cleavage is 100:58 for the small enzyme form and 100: 84 for the large one.
Activation of FBPase II in the light and inactivation in the dark is discussed on the basis of different oligomeric forms of the enzyme, generated by changes in the concentration of intermediates and effectors in the chloroplast stroma, leading to dissociation or aggregation. The conclusion is drawn that oligomerization of key enzymes, resulting in enzyme forms with different activities and different kinetic properties, might provide an effective mechanism for enzyme regulation in vivo
Sterol and Fatty Acid Patterns in Wild and Cultivated Species of Lupinus (Leguminosae)
Authors: Fuentes Elsa , Planchuelo Ana M. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Seed oil components of wild and cultivated species of Lupinus were analyzed by gas liquid chromatography (GLC). The sterol and fatty acid patterns of Lupinus albescens and L. gibertianus that are considered important germoplasm resources of South America, are reported for the first time and compared with varieties of Lupinus albus, L. angustifolius and L. mutabilis. The taxonomic implication of seed oil composition was evaluated using a multivariate analysis system.
Subunit II (b') and Not Subunit I (b) of Photosynthetic ATP Synthases is Equivalent to Subunit b of the ATP Synthases from Nonphotosynthetic Eubacteria. Evidence for a New Assignment of b-Type F0 Subunits
Authors: Tiburzy Hans-Jürgen , Berzborn Richard J. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Subunit I of chloroplast ATP synthase is reviewed until now to be equivalent to subunit b of Escherichia coli ATP synthase, whereas subunit II is suggested to be an additional subunit in photosynthetic ATP synthases lacking a counterpart in E. coli. After publication of some sequences of subunits II a revision of this assignment is necessary. Based on the analysis of 51 amino acid sequences of b-type subunits concerning similarities in primary structure, iso­electric point and a discovered discontinuous structural feature, our data provide evidence that chloroplast subunit II (subunit b' of photosynthetic eubacteria) and not chloroplast subunit I (subunit b of photosynthetic eubacteria) is the equivalent of subunit b of nonphoto­ synthetic eubacteria, and therefore does have a counterpart in e.g. E. coli. In consequence, structural features essential for function should be looked for on subunit II (b').
Differential Processing of Homologues of the Small Subunit of ADP-Glucose Pyrophosphorylase from Barley (Hordeum vulgare) Tissues
Authors: Luo Cheng , Déjardin Annabelle , Villand Per , Doan Danny N. P. , Kleczkowski Leszek A. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), a two-gene-encoded enzyme, is the key com­ponent of starch synthesis in all plants. In the present study, we have used an E. coli expression system for the (over)production of proteins derived from both full length and specifically truncated cDNAs encoding small subunits of AGPase from seed endosperm (AG Pase-Bl) and leaves (AGPase-B2) of barley (Hordeum vulgare). Based on immunoblot analyses, the molecular mass of the expressed A G Pase-Bl (52 kD) was similar to that from endosperm extracts, whereas the expressed AGPase-B2 (56 kD) was larger than that in barley leaves (51 kD). Expression of truncated cDNAs for both the seed and leaf proteins has allowed for a direct verification of molecular masses that were earlier proposed for mature AGPases in barley tissues. The data suggest that seed AGPase-B1 does not undergo any post-translational proteolytic processing in barley, whereas the leaf homologue is processed to a smaller protein. Possible implications of these findings are discussed.
Potent Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Propol Isolated from Brazilian Propolis
Authors: Basnet Purusotam , Matsuno Tetsuya , Neidlein Richard 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We evaluated free radical scavenging activity of the water, methanol and chloroform ex­tracts of propolis in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical and xanthine-xanthine oxidase (XOD) generated superoxide anion assay systems. The free radical scavenging activity guided fractionation and chemical analysis led to the isolation of a new compound, propol {3-[4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-but-1-enyl)-phenyl]-acrylic acid) from the water extract, which was more potent than most common antioxidants such as vitamin C and vitamin E (α-tocopherol) in these assay systems.
Organic Acid Production by Propionibacterium shermanii: Effect of pH, Temperature and Vitamin-Nitrogen Source
Authors: Quesada-Chanto A. , Schroeder A . G. , Schmid-Meyer A. C. , López J. A. , Silveira M. M. , Jonas R. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Production of propionic acid by Propionibacterium shermanii CDB 10014 was enhanced by a pH value of 6.5 and by temperatures in the range 35-37 °C. Depending on the type of yeast extract, succinic acid can be produced in higher proportions, with decreasing propionic acid yields. With respect to propionic acid production, Difco yeast extract has shown the best results when yeast extract preparations from other different suppliers were compared. To replace yeast extract by a cheaper vitamin-nitrogen source, corn-steep liquor was tested. A complete depletion of glucose was achieved, yielding a final propionic acid concentration of over 35 g/l. These results are even better than those obtained with Difco yeast extract and suggest the possibility of an economical process based on corn-steep liquor.
Stimulation of Pancreatic Lipase Activity by Saponins Isolated from Medicago sativa L.
Authors: Sroka Zbigniew , Jurzysta Marian , Tylcz Joanna , Rządkowska-Bodalska Halina 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Saponins isolated from Medicago sativa L. appeared to stimulate lipolytic activity and did not influence amylolytic or proteolytic activity of Neopancreatinum (extract of pancreatic enzymes: lipase, proteases and amylases). Saponins isolated from the aerial part of Medicago sativa L. were demonstrated to stimulate lipase activity more effectively than saponins sepa­ rated from the root of this plant. When saponins were treated with 0.02 m HC1 at 37 °C for 1 hour their lipase stimulation ability did not change. The saponins stimulated Neopancreatinum lipolytic activity more in­ tensively in the presence of sodium cholate.
Involvement of Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate in the Regulation of Pupal Color Adaptation of the Butterfly, Inachis io
Authors: Starnecker Gerhard 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In the butterfly Inachis io, a pupal melanization reducing factor (PMRF) which is located throughout the entire central nervous system controls the intensity of pigmentation of pupal cuticle depending on the background color of the pupation site. PMRF does not only reduce melanization but, in addition, enhances lutein incorporation in a dose-dependent manner to form pupae with yellow color on bright backgrounds.
The present paper reports on the effects on pupal pigmentation caused by cyclic nucleo­ tides and phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors which prevent degradation of cyclic nucleo­ tides. The injection of cAMP did not alter pupal coloration whereas its membrane-permeable analog dibutyryl-cAMP mimicked dose-dependently PMRF activity. Thus, pupae of reduced melanization and, in addition, enhanced yellow coloration were formed. This indicates that an increased intracellular cAMP level is capable of mediating PMRF effect. Also, the injection of the PDE inhibitor isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX) caused dose-dependently pupae of reduced melanization and enhanced lutein incorporation.
Theophylline (another PDE inhibitor) was only slightly effective (23% inhibition of melanization) at the highest dose compared to IBMX. The injection of cGMP and its analog dibutyryl-cGMP exhibited no melanization reducing effect.
Extracts of abdominal ganglia (AG) which contained PMRF activity caused significantly brighter pupae when injected in combination with IBMX. However, this stimulation by IBMX became no longer effective at higher AG doses. Therefore, the present results are suggestive of an involvement of cAMP as a second messenger in the action of PMRF on pupal color adaptation.
Biotyping of Campylobacter Strains Isolated in Lagos, Nigeria Using the Modified Preston Biotype
Authors: Smith S. I. , Coker A. O. , Olukoya D. K. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Fifty-eight Campylobacter strains were isolated from children with diarrhoea at various health centres in Lagos and from healthy chicken. Twenty -nine strains of Campylobacter were isolated from humans, while the same number were isolated from chicken. The strains were biotyped using the modified Preston biotype scheme. The Preston biotyping results have been compared with the results of Penner serotyping. Out of fifty-eight strains studied, the technique identified ten strains (17%) as C. coli, three (5%) as C. lari and fourty-five (78%) as C. jejuni, by the coding system. This technique identified twenty-eight Campylo­ bacter species. This method highlights the usefulness of this technique in the biotyping of local strains, however, when the two schemes are used in combination they give excellent typing results suitable for epidemiological purposes.
Triterpenoids from Acaena pinnatifida R. et P
Authors: Valcic Susanne , Wächter Gerald A. , Montenegro Gloria , Timmermann Barbara N. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Eight urs-12-ene triterpenoids, β-sitosterol, (+)-catechin, and apigenin 7-O-glucoside were isolated from the leaves of Acaena pinnatifida R. et P. The triterpenoids were characterized as pomolic acid, pomolic acid-3-acetate, tormentic acid, 2-epi-tormentic acid, euscaphic acid, tormentic acid glucoside, niga-ichigoside F1, and niga-ichigoside F2.
Additional Sulfur Compounds from the Anal Glands of the Striped Polecat, Ictonyx striatus (Mustelidae, Mammalia)
Authors: Wheeler J. W. , Nyalley L. , Davis D. M. , Weldon P. J. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Two sulfur compounds have been identified in the anal gland secretions of captive-raised adults of the striped polecat (Ictonyx striatus), an African mustelid. 3-Ethyl-1,2-pentanedithiolane was observed in the secretions of an adult male and an adult female. 1,3-Pentanedithiol was observed in the male; this compound has not previously been reported from mustelid anal glands.
Pulvinatal, a Novel Bioactive Metabolite from the Basidiomycete Nidularia pulvinata (Schw.) Fr.
Authors: Becker Uta , Erkel Gerhard , Kocksch Gunter , Anke Timm , Sterner Olov 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Pulvinatal (1) was isolated from fermentations of Nidularia pulvinata as an inducer of differentiation of HL -60 promyelocytic leukemia cells. Its structure was elucidated by spectroscopic methods. In addition, N. pulvinata was found to produce 2,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyl-benzenecarbaldehyde (2) and orsellinic acid (3). Pulvinatal exhibits weak antifungal and only marginal cytotoxic activities.
Intracellular Localization of Two Betaine Lipids by Cell Fractionation and Immunomicroscopy
Authors: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern K. , Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern W. , Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, Germany A. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The cellular localization of the betaine lipids diacylglyceryl-N,N,N-trimethylhomoserine (DGTS) and diacylglycerylhydroxymethyl-N,N,N-trimethyl-β-alanine (DGTA) was investi­ gated by a) chemical analysis of subcellular fractions and b) immunochemical methods using specific antisera and either fluorescence microscopy or electron microscopy for detection of the label. A homogenate of Lycopodium annotinum (Pteridophyta) was fractionated by differential and density gradient centrifugation. The particulate fractions obtained were analyzed for chlorophyll, cyt c oxidase, NADH-cyt c reductase and DGTS. Non-plastidial fractions were enriched in DGTS and only minor amounts of this lipid could be attributed to chloroplasts. Anti-DGTS and anti-DGTA sera were produced by immunization of rabbits. The monospecificity of the antisera was examined with cells of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Chlorophyceae) containing DGTS, Pavlova lutheri (Haptophyceae) containing DGTA and Ochromonas danica (Chrysophyceae) containing both DGTS and DGTA. Euglena gracilis which is free of betaine lipids, was used as a control. For the test, a FITC-coupled goat anti-rabbit antibody was used and detected by fluorescence microscopy. Thin sections of Ochromonas and Pavlova were incubated first with the anti-lipid sera and subsequently with a gold-coupled anti-rabbit serum and then examined in the electron microscope. With O chro­ monas, anti-DGTS as well as anti-DGTA sera gave an accumulation of gold label in the cytoplasmic space but not in the chloroplasts. Similar results were obtained with Pavlova using anti-DGTA serum. These results describe for the first time the cytochemical localiza­ tion of DGTS and DGTA strongly suggesting both these lipids to be associated mainly with non-plastidial structures.
Production of OH-Radical-Type Oxidant by Lucigenin
Authors: Heiser Ingrid , Muhr Angelika , Elstner Erich F. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In the presence of NADH- reductases (dihydrolipoamide: NAD oxidoreductase E. C.l.8.1.4 from pig heart or from Clostridium kluyveri; frequently also addressed as “diaphorases”) and NADH lucigenin strongly increases ethylene production from a-ketomethylthiobutyrate (KMB) as an indicator for strong oxidants of the OH-radical type. These reactions are further stimulated in the presence of Fe3+ ions. With these NADH- “diaphorases”, the structurally similar poison, paraquat, in the absence or presence of Fe3+ has no effect. With ferredoxin-NADP reductase (E. C.1.18.1.2.), however, paraquat reacts quasi identical to lucigenin. Superoxide dismutase, catalase, free radical- or OH - scavengers such as mannitol, propylgallate, DABCO, and desferal inhibit the reaction whereas EDTA (in the presence or absence of added Fe3+) is stimulatory. From these data we conclude that the superoxide - indicator LUC is redox-active after unspecific coupling to several almost ubiquitory NAD(P)H- reductases catalyzing monovalent oxygen reduction. Lucigenin thus should no longer be used as a “specific” superoxide indicator. This report is in agreement with very recent results by Liochev and Fridovich (Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 337, 115 [1997]) and Vasquez-Vivar et al. (FEBS Lett. 403, 127 (1997).
Anti-Oxidant Mechanisms Involved in Gastroprotective Effects of Quercetin
Authors: Martín M. J. , La -Casa C. , Alarcón-de-la-Lastra C. , Cabeza J. , Villegas I. , Motilva V. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The anti-ulcerogenic and anti-oxidant effects of various flavonoids have been frequently reported. We investigated the cytoprotective properties of quercetin, a natural flavone, in gastric mucosal injury induced by 50% ethanol, since in this experimental model the patho­genesis of the lesions has been related with production of reactive oxygen species. The in­volvement of neutrophil infiltration and the capacity of this flavonoid to restrain the oxida­tive process produced in the gastric tissue after ethanol administration were also investigated. Oral pretreatment with the highest dose of quercetin (200 mg/kg), 120 min before absolute ethanol was the most effective anti-ulcer treatment. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in the gastric mucosa, an index of lipid peroxidation, were increased by ethanol injury, but the increase was inhibited by the administration of 200 mg/kg of quercetin. This dose also induced a significant enhancement in the levels of mucosal non-protein SH compounds (im­portant anti-oxidant agents) and in glutathione peroxidase activity. Exposure of the gastric mucosa to 50% ethanol induced a significant increase in myeloperoxidase activity, an index of neutrophil infiltration. Flowever, quercetin was not able to modify the increase in enzy­matic activity generated by the necrotizing agent. The activity of superoxide dismutase enzyme involved in several antioxidant processes was also not significantly modified after quer­cetin treatment.
These results suggest that the anti-ulcer activity of quercetin in this experimental model could be partly explained by the inhibition of lipid peroxidation, through decrease of reactive oxygen metabolites. However, the inhibition of neutrophil infiltration or the increase of superoxide dismutase activity does not appear to be involved in gastroprotective effect of this flavonoid.
Thyroid Hormone-Induced Changes in Cytoplasmic and Mitochondrial Proteins of a Teleost
Authors: Tripathi G. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The effect of triiodothyronine (T3) on the cytoplasmic and mitochondrial protein contents were studied in the liver and skeletal muscle of a freshwater teleost. The fish exposed to thiouracil for 28 days showed 1.5-2 times reduction in the total protein contents of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial fractions. A single injection of T3 to thiouracil exposed fish caused the earliest induction in the liver and skeletal muscle mitochondrial protein and the skeletal muscle cytoplasmic protein at 12 hr of lapses. However, the initial induction in the cytoplasmic protein of the liver was observed at 3 hr after T3 treatment. The maximum inductions (1.5-3.2 fold) in the cytoplasmic and mitochondrial proteins of the liver and skeletal muscle were obtained at 1 8 -2 4 hr following hormonal administration. Thereafter, the cytoplasmic and mitochondrial protein contents of both the tissues declined to their control levels within 3 6 - 4 8 hr of T3 injection which reflected the half-life and turnover period of the induced proteins. These T3 dependent inductions in the cytoplasmic and mitochondrial proteins of the liver (1 .4 -3 .2 fold) and skeletal muscle (1.8 -2.7 fold) were inhibited by actinomycin D and cycloheximide indicating T3-induced de novo synthesis of the proteins. The induction in the cytoplasmic protein (3 fold) was almost double to that of the mitochondrial protein (1.6 fold) suggesting more synthesis of protein molecules in the cytoplasm for cellular and subcellular activities.
Interaction of Histone H1 with cis-Platinum Modified DNA
Authors: Paneva Elena G. , Spassovska Nadejda C. , Grancharov Konstantin C. , Zlatanova Jordanka S. , Yaneva Julia N. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cis-DDP) is known as an effective anticancer drug. Its therapeutic effect is supposed to be a consequence of the covalent binding to DNA. A number of cellular proteins were found to bind selectively to DNA modified by cis-DDP (but not by its isomer frans-DDP). Here we present our observations on interaction of the linker histone H1 with cis- and trans-DDP modified DNA fragments. The results afford new experimental information about the preferential binding of histone H1 to cis-DDP-distorted DNAs versus trans-DDP modified ones.