bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Manual Capsulorhexis and 25-Gauge Vitrectorhexis in Pediatric Cataract Surgery: A Pilot Study
Authors: Raina Usha K. , Anjum Raffat , Gupta Shantanu Kumar , Kumar Brajesh , Saini Varun , Sharma Prateeksha , Goyal J. L. 
Published: September 2019

Purpose:
To compare short-term visual outcomes (best corrected visual acuity [BCVA]), visual axis opacification, anterior (ACCC) and posterior (PCCC) continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis size, shape, and extension, and their decentration between manual capsulorhexis and 25-gauge vitrectorhexis in pediatric cataract surgery with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation.

Methods:
Thirty eyes of children aged 3 to 8 years with developmental cataract were randomly selected for ACCC and PCCC by manual capsulorhexis forceps and 25-gauge vitrectomy cutter followed by IOL implantation and limited anterior vitrectomy. The size of the ACCC and PCCC was measured intraoperatively with calibrated capsulorhexis forceps. Patients were followed up for 3 months postoperatively and were evaluated for BCVA and visual axis opacification. Slit-lamp photographs of operated eyes were taken in retroillumination. The size in millimeters and decentration of the ACCC and PCCC from the center of the IOL were measured with the help of the Python imaging library.

Results:

There was no statistically significant difference between BCVA (
P
> .05), visual axis opacification (
P
> .05), size of the ACCC (
P
> .05) and its decentration (
P
> .05), extension of the rhexis (
P
> .05), and size of the PCCC (
P
> .05) and its decentration (
P
> .05) between the two methods.

Conclusions:
In both groups, BCVA, visual axis opacification, and ACCC and PCCC size, shape, and decentration from the center of the IOL were comparable, making 25-gauge vitrectorhexis a good alternative to manual capsulorhexis.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2019;56(5):327–332.]
IL-4 and IL-17A Cooperatively Promote Hydrogen Peroxide Production, Oxidative DNA Damage, and Upregulation of Dual Oxidase 2 in Human Colon and Pancreatic Cancer Cells
Authors: Wu Yongzhong , Konaté Mariam M. , Lu Jiamo , Makhlouf Hala , Chuaqui Rodrigo , Antony Smitha , Meitzler Jennifer L. , Difilippantonio Michael J. , Liu Han , Juhasz Agnes , Jiang Guojian , Dahan Iris , Roy Krishnendu , Doroshow James H. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Dual oxidase 2 (DUOX2) generates H2O2 that plays a critical role in both host defense and chronic inflammation. Previously, we demonstrated that the proinflammatory mediators IFN-γ and LPS enhance expression of DUOX2 and its maturation factor DUOXA2 through STAT1- and NF-κB‒mediated signaling in human pancreatic cancer cells. Using a panel of colon and pancreatic cancer cell lines, we now report the induction of DUOX2/DUOXA2 mRNA and protein expression by the TH2 cytokine IL-4. IL-4 activated STAT6 signaling that, when silenced, significantly decreased induction of DUOX2. Furthermore, the TH17 cytokine IL-17A combined synergistically with IL-4 to increase DUOX2 expression in both colon and pancreatic cancer cells mediated, at least in part, by signaling through NF-κB. The upregulation of DUOX2 was associated with a significant increase in the production of extracellular H2O2 and DNA damage—as indicated by the accumulation of 8-oxo-dG and γH2AX—which was suppressed by the NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenylene iodonium and a DUOX2-specific small interfering RNA. The clinical relevance of these experiments is suggested by immunohistochemical, microarray, and quantitative RT-PCR studies of human colon and pancreatic tumors demonstrating significantly higher DUOX2, IL-4R, and IL-17RA expression in tumors than in adjacent normal tissues; in pancreatic adenocarcinoma, increased DUOX2 expression is adversely associated with overall patient survival. These data suggest a functional association between DUOX2-mediated H2O2 production and induced DNA damage in gastrointestinal malignancies.
Rhinovirus-Induced SIRT-1 via TLR2 Regulates Subsequent Type I and Type III IFN Responses in Airway Epithelial Cells
Authors: Xander Nathaniel , Reddy Vari Hymavathi , Eskandar Rewees , Li Wuyan , Bolla Sudhir , Marchetti Nathaniel , Sajjan Umadevi S. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
IFN responses to viral infection are necessary to establish intrinsic antiviral state, but if unchecked can lead to heightened inflammation. Recently, we showed that TLR2 activation contributes to limitation of rhinovirus (RV)–induced IFN response in the airway epithelial cells. We also demonstrated that compared with normal airway epithelial cells, those from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) show higher IFN responses to RV, but the underlying mechanisms are not known. Initially, RV-induced IFN responses depend on dsRNA receptor activation and then are amplified via IFN-stimulated activation of JAK/STAT signaling. In this study, we show that in normal cells, TLR2 limits RV-induced IFN responses by attenuating STAT1 and STAT2 phosphorylation and this was associated with TLR2-dependent SIRT-1 expression. Further, inhibition of SIRT-1 enhanced RV-induced IFN responses, and this was accompanied by increased STAT1/STAT2 phosphorylation, indicating that TLR2 may limit RV-induced IFN responses via SIRT-1. COPD airway epithelial cells showed attenuated IL-8 responses to TLR2 agonist despite expressing TLR2 similar to normal, indicating dysregulation in TLR2 signaling pathway. Unlike normal, COPD cells failed to show RV-induced TLR2-dependent SIRT-1 expression. Pretreatment with quercetin, which increases SIRT-1 expression, normalized RV-induced IFN levels in COPD airway epithelial cells. Inhibition of SIRT-1 in quercetin-pretreated COPD cells abolished the normalizing effects of quercetin on RV-induced IFN expression in these cells, confirming that quercetin exerts its effect via SIRT-1. In summary, we show that TLR2 is required for limiting RV-induced IFNs, and this pathway is dysregulated in COPD airway epithelial cells, leading to exaggerated IFN production.
Detection of Cell Surface Ligands for Human Synovial γδ T Cells
Authors: Collins Cheryl , Lui Yuan , Santos Ana Mafalda , Ballif Bryan A. , Gogerly-Moragoda Anisha Mahalya , Brouwer Heather , Ross Robin , Balagurunathan Kuberan , Sharma Sumana , Wright Gavin J. , Davis Simon , Budd Ralph C. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Lack of understanding of the nature and physiological regulation of γδ T cell ligands has considerably hampered full understanding of the function of these cells. We developed an unbiased approach to identify human γδ T cells ligands by the production of a soluble TCR-γδ (sTCR-γδ) tetramer from a synovial Vδ1 γδ T cell clone from a Lyme arthritis patient. The sTCR-γδ was used in flow cytometry to initially define the spectrum of ligand expression by both human tumor cell lines and certain human primary cells. Analysis of diverse tumor cell lines revealed high ligand expression on several of epithelial or fibroblast origin, whereas those of hematopoietic origin were largely devoid of ligand. This allowed a bioinformatics-based identification of candidate ligands using RNAseq data from each tumor line. We further observed that whereas fresh monocytes and T cells expressed low to negligible levels of TCR-γδ ligands, activation of these cells resulted in upregulation of surface ligand expression. Ligand upregulation on monocytes was partly dependent upon IL-1β. The sTCR-γδ tetramer was then used to bind candidate ligands from lysates of activated monocytes and analyzed by mass spectrometry. Surface TCR-γδ ligand was eliminated by treatment with trypsin or removal of glycosaminoglycans, and also suppressed by inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum–Golgi transport. Of particular interest was that inhibition of glycolysis also blocked TCR-γδ ligand expression. These findings demonstrate the spectrum of ligand(s) expression for human synovial Vδ1 γδ T cells as well as the physiology that regulates their expression.
Accuracy of smartphone based photography in screening for potentially malignant lesions among a rural population in Tamil Nadu: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Karthikayan Ravi , Sukumaran Aparna , Diwakar Madankumar Parangimalai , Raj Bijivin V. 
Published: September 2019

Background and Objective:
Oral cancer is a major public health problem which carries significant morbidity and mortality. A shift from treatment to prevention by screening is the key to reduce oral cancer lesion among population. Searching for an affordable and viable alternative to face-to-face screening that can expedite diagnosis of oral diseases among rural population with good accuracy is mandatory. One of the most realistic solutions to acknowledge this hurdle and the unavailability of dental professionals, is mobile teledentistry.

Materials and Methods:
Secondary data analysis was conducted, in which the data were derived from the project of “Oral Cancer Screening Program in Rural population” conducted by Thirumalai Mission Hospital, Ranipet. Ninety-six biopsies were taken for the patients who had visible oral lesions which had been provisionally diagnosed on clinical examination. Oral screening was carried out by unaided face-to-face screening method by a trained and calibrated dentist. In a separate subsequent visit, a trained teledental assistant took photographs of each participant’s mouth by using a smartphone camera; the charting of the photographs was conducted independently by two dentists.

Results:
Intra-examiner reliability of Examiner 1 and Examiner 2 was 0.943 and 0.921, respectively. Inter examiner reliability score of 0.879 was obtained between both the examiners by the photographic method of diagnosis. Intraclass correlation coefficient between two methods of examination was 0.812. Agreement between the photographic examination (Examiner 1, Examiner 2) with the gold standard biopsy report was 0.791 and 0.855, respectively.

Conclusion:
Smartphone camera use offers a valid and reliable means of remote screening for oral lesions. Photographs of the oral lesions taken from the smart-phone camera with an acceptable diagnostic validity and reliability.
Arctic amplification under global warming of 1.5 and 2 °C in NorESM1-Happi
Authors: Graff Lise S. , Iversen Trond , Bethke Ingo , Debernard Jens B. , Seland Øyvind , Bentsen Mats , Kirkevåg Alf , Li Camille , Olivié Dirk J. L. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Differences between a 1.5 and 2.0 ∘C warmer climate than 1850 pre-industrial conditions are investigated using a suite of uncoupled (Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project; AMIP), fully coupled, and slab-ocean experiments performed with Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM1)-Happi, an upgraded version of NorESM1-M. The data from the AMIP-type runs with prescribed sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) and sea ice were provided to a model intercomparison project (HAPPI – Half a degree Additional warming, Prognosis and Projected Impacts; http://www.happimip.org/, last access date: 14 September 2019). This paper compares the AMIP results to those from the fully coupled version and the slab-ocean version of the model (NorESM1-HappiSO) in which SST and sea ice are allowed to respond to the warming, focusing on Arctic amplification of the global change signal. The fully coupled and the slab-ocean runs generally show stronger responses
than the AMIP runs in the warmer worlds. The Arctic polar amplification
factor is stronger in the fully coupled and slab-ocean runs than in the AMIP runs, both in the 1.5 ∘C warming run and with the additional 0.5 ∘C warming. The low-level Equator-to-pole temperature gradient consistently weakens more between the present-day climate and the 1.5 ∘C warmer climate in the experiments with an active ocean component. The magnitude of the upper-level Equator-to-pole temperature gradient increases in a warmer climate but is not systematically larger in the experiments with an active ocean component. Implications for storm tracks and blocking are investigated. We find considerable reductions in the Arctic sea-ice cover in the slab-ocean model runs; while ice-free summers are rare under 1.5 ∘C warming, they occur 18 % of the time in the 2.0 ∘C warming simulation. The fully coupled model does not, however, reach ice-free conditions as it is too cold and has too much ice in the present-day climate. Differences between the experiments with active ocean and sea-ice models and those with prescribed SSTs and sea ice can be partially due to ocean and
sea-ice feedbacks that are neglected in the latter case but can also in
part be due to differences in the experimental setup.
The importance of city trees for reducing net rainfall: comparing measurements and simulations
Authors: Smets Vincent , Wirion Charlotte , Bauwens Willy , Hermy Martin , Somers Ben , Verbeiren Boud 
Published: September 2019

Abstract. An in situ tree interception experiment was conducted to determine
the hydrological impact of a solitary standing Norway maple and a small-leaved
lime in an urban environment. During the 2-year experiment, rainfall data
were collected and divided into interception, throughfall and stemflow. With
approximately 38 % of the gross precipitation intercepted by both trees,
the interception storage was higher than for similar studies carried out in
Mediterranean regions. The specialized forest interception models from Gash (first published in 1978)
and Rutter (first published in 1971), as well as an adapted solitary tree version of the Water and
Energy Transfer between Soil, Plants and Atmosphere model (WetSpa), were
tested for their accuracy in modeling the measured interception storage.
The models generally overestimated interception storage for small
interception events (< interception storage) and underestimated
interception storage for bigger interception events (> interception storage). Gash's method slightly outperformed WetSpa and
Rutter for all events throughout seasons and trees. However, WetSpa showed
better performance for rainfall events > 10 mm. The similar
performance of WetSpa and the Gash and Rutter models is
noteworthy because the WetSpa interception model is part of a larger
modeling framework that models the whole hydrological balance, whereas the Gash
and Rutter methods are specialized stand-alone interception models. Thus, WetSpa is recommended to gain a more
complete understanding of the impact of city trees on the full hydrological
balance. This study emphasizes the potential effect of
city trees on the whole hydrological balance via a combination of field
data and simulation experiments using both specialized interception models
(Gash and Rutter) and the relatively simple interception module of a
holistic water balance model (WetSpa).
Performance study of the QuLAF pre-design model for a 10 MW floating wind turbine
Authors: Madsen Freddy J. , Pegalajar-Jurado Antonio , Bredmose Henrik 
Published: September 2019

Abstract. This paper presents a comparison study of the simplified model QuLAF (Quick Load Analysis of Floating wind turbines) and a FAST model of the Technical University of Denmark (DTU) 10 MW reference wind turbine mounted on the LIFES50+ OO-Star Wind Floater Semi 10 MW floating substructure. The purpose is to investigate how accurate results can be obtained from this simplified model for different load cases.
The two models are briefly presented and the limitations of QuLAF are discussed. These are (a) an under-prediction of the wave excitation loads for large sea states; (b) a simplified representation of the rotor-induced forcing and damping; (c) an over-predicted aerodynamic damping for the tower mode motion and (d) restriction to planar motion. All the limitations are linked to approximations applied for achieving the substantial model speedup relative to the state-of-the-art model.
The comparative study is based on the planar version of design load cases (DLCs) 1.2, 1.3, 1.6, 2.1 and 6.1, and the overall analysis shows that the simplified model is generally good at estimating the bending moment at the tower base and the floater motions in heave and pitch. The largest tower-base bending moments are slightly over-predicted, but it is observed that while stronger wind leads to an over-prediction, stronger waves lead to an under-prediction. Thus, in DLC 1.6, where the largest load was obtained at 10.3 m s−1, a good match in tower-base bending moments between the two models is found.
The nacelle acceleration, however, is generally under-predicted, which is linked to an over-prediction of the aerodynamic damping on the tower mode. Furthermore, the floater response in large sea states is influenced by the omission of viscous hydrodynamic drag forcing, which leads to an under-prediction of the wave excitation loads.
A further investigation of the model limitations confirms these findings with respect to the tower mode damping and viscous drag loads, while the simplified approach to rotor-induced loads is found to provide remarkably accurate forcing results.
Although a full design load basis evaluation with a state-of-the-art model must be carried out for the final design, the present results show the potential of applying simplified models in the preliminary design phase.
Penghitungan Biaya Satuan pada Instalasi Rawat Jalan di Rumah Sakit X Jambi menggunakan Metode Step Down
Authors: Wulan Susilo , Surya Direja Ade Herman , Reflisiani Dian 
Published: September 2019

Abstrak Tanggung jawab Rumah sakit adalah memberikan pelayanan yang berkualitas dan terjangkau bagi masyarakat, sehingga penentuan tarif dengan perhitungan biaya aktual sangat diperlukan sebagai dasar pengambilan keputusan yang lebih presisi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghitung biaya satuan dan analisis perbandingan biaya antar unit di instalasi rawat jalan menggunakan metode step down. Penelitian ini merupakan bagian dari partial economic evalution yaitu hanya memotret deskripsi biaya dari suatu objek (cost object) tanpa membandingkan luaran layanan dari unit yang di analisis. Tahapan analisis data meliputi identifikasi sumber dari pusat biaya dengan menentukan final cost, intermediate cost dan indirect cost, tahap kedua yaitu mengidentifikasi dan menghitung biaya investasi, biaya operasional dan biaya pemeliharaan. Hasil penelitian menujukkan biaya satuan tertinggi terdapat di poli gigi dan mulut sebesar Rp 621.100,99 /kunjungan sedangkan biaya satuan terendah di poli penyakit dalam yaitu sebesar Rp 214.307,51/kunjungan. Diharapkan hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi pertimbangan dalam perubahan ataupun penyesuaian tarif layanan dan menjadikan bahan evaluasi pada poli rawat jalan agar lebih efisien dalam pengelolaanya. Abstract Hospital has a responsibility to provide quality and affordable health care to the community. Therefore, determining tariffs by calcu­lating the actual cost is very important, especially for internal stakeholders in undergoing cost analysis, performance evaluation and decision making, including tariff negotiation with external stakeholders. This research objective is to calculate unit costs and compar­atively analyzing costs between units in an outpatient installation using the step-down method. This research used a partial economic evaluation which only portrays the description of cost object without comparing the output from the analyzed unit. The stages of data analysis include identifying the resource of cost center by firstly determining the final cost, intermediate cost and indirect cost, the second stage is identifying and calculating investment cost, operational cost, and maintenance costs, the third stage is determining the allocation basis, and the fourth stage is calculating the total cost. The highest unit cost occurs in dental poly at Rp.621.100,99/visit, while the lowest unit cost is in internal medicine which is Rp.241.307,51/visit. It is hoped that the results of this study can be taken into consideration in the changes made by service rates and making evaluation materials on outpatient care so that they are more efficient in their management.
Perhitungan Biaya Satuan Pada Tindakan Intensive Unit Care di Rumah Sakit X di Jember Melalui Metode Activity Based Costing (ABC)
Authors: Witcahyo Eri 
Published: September 2019

Abstrak Rumah sakit X di Jember merupakan salah satu rumah sakit pemerintah dengan status C. Di Era JKN, skema pembayaran di rumah sakit menggunakan paket tarif INA CBG’s. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, rumah sakit dapat menghasilkan profit namun di sisi lain bisa pula mendapatkan kerugian, oleh karena itu pelayanan kesehatan yang efisien sangat dibutuhkan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi produk pelayanan dan menghitung biaya satuan produk pelayanan di Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Rumah Sakit X. Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Unit analisis dalam penelitian ini adalah ICU di rumah sakit X di Jember. Metode perhitungan biaya satuan yang digunakan adalah Activity Based Costing. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan di ICU terdapat 21 produk pelayanan dengan biaya satuan yang beragam. Biaya satuan tertinggi sebesar Rp. 176,954, - (resusitasi jantung paru), dan terendah sebesar Rp. 27,061, - (injeksi intravena) dan rata-rata sebesar Rp. 75,959, -. Kesimpulan menunjukkan bahwa biaya satuan sangat dipengaruhi oleh sumberdaya yang digunakan, semakin efisien sumberdaya yang digunakan maka semakin kecil biaya satuan yang dihasilkan, sehingga apabila dibandingkan dengan tarif paket INA CBG’s akan mampu menghasilkan keuntungan atau surplus bagi rumah sakit. Abstract Hospital X in Jember is one of the government hospitals with C type status. In National Health Insurance (JKN) era, the payment scheme in hospital by using the INA CBG’s tariff package. Hospital could have profit or even loss, therefore health services effiency was needed. The objective of study was to identify service product and calculate of service product unit cost at Intensive Care Unit (ICU) in Hospital X in Jember. The type of this research was observational descriptive with cross sectional approach. The unit of analysis was ICU at Hospital X in Jember. The unit cost calculation method is using Acivity Based Costing. The result of the study shown that there were 21 service products that have various unit costs. The highest was Rp. 176,954, - (cardiac pulmonary resuscitation), the lowest was Rp. 27,061,- (intravena injection) and an average of Rp. 75,959, -. The conclusion shown that unit cost was strongly influenced by the resources used, the more efficient resources used for effective services, the smaller unit cost could get. Compared to INA CBG’s package tariff it will be able to create profit surplus for hospital.