bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Paradox of the Alien Citizen? Access, Control and Entitlements of Belgian Refugees in Birmingham during the First World War
Authors: De Vuyst Jolien , Myers Kevin , Van Gorp Angelo 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Britain’s liberal policy towards refugees has been their proud boast. However, from the 1880s to the 1920s, this developed into a restrictive and selective migration policy. During the First World War, 250,000 Belgian refugees arrived in Britain. Inquiring into the archives of the War Refugees Committee Birmingham and District on traces of these developments, a tension linked to the discussion on the allocation of social benefits could be established. This tension, which is referred to as the paradox of the ‘alien citizen’, is explored through the analysis of the access to Britain, the control on British territory and the entitlements of Belgian refugees to social benefits. It is argued that this seeming paradox was the outcome of process of state formation. It reveals how the presence of refugees challenged the British state with the question as to what extent one was responsible to provide for non-citizens, which is still a topical issue.
How to increase kidney transplant activity throughout Europe—an advocacy review by the European Kidney Health Alliance
Authors: Vanholder Raymond , Stel Vianda S , Jager Kitty J , Lameire Norbert , Loud Fiona , Oberbauer Rainer , de Jong Rianne W , Zoccali Carmine 
Published: November 2018

AbstractKidney transplantation offers better outcomes and quality of life at lower societal costs compared with other options of renal replacement therapy. In this review of the European Kidney Health Alliance, the current status of kidney transplantation throughout Europe and suggestions for improvement of transplantation rates are reported. Although the European Union (EU) has made considerable efforts in the previous decade to stimulate transplantation activity, the discrepancies among European countries suggest that there is still room for improvement. The EU efforts have partially been neutralized by external factors such as economic crises or legal issues, especially the illicit manipulation of waiting lists. Hence, growth in the application of transplantation throughout Europe virtually remained unchanged over the last few years. Continued efforts are warranted to further stimulate transplantation rates, along with the current registration and data analysis efforts supported by the EU in the Effect of Differing Kidney Disease Treatment Modalities and Organ Donation and Transplantation Practices on Health Expenditure and Patient Outcomes project. Future actions should concentrate on organization, harmonization and improvement of the legal consent framework, population education and financial stimuli.
Role of IL-35 in sublingual allergen immunotherapy
Authors: Layhadi Janice A. , Eguiluz-Gracia Ibon , Shamji Mohamed H. 
Published: November 2018

Purpose of reviewSublingual allergen immunotherapy (SLIT), a disease-modifying treatment for allergic rhinitis, can induce long-term clinical benefits which are mediated by immune responses that include generation of regulatory B (Breg) and T (Treg) cells. The newest member of the IL-12 superfamily, IL-35, is an anti-inflammatory cytokine known to be produced by Breg and Treg cells. Limited studies are available on the role of IL-35 on allergic rhinitis and during SLIT. This review summarizes recent findings relevant to the topic of IL-35 and their role in SLIT.Recent findingsRecombinant IL-35 protein can induce the generation of IL-35-producing Breg and Treg cells with immunosuppressive capacity. Levels of IL-35 and IL-35-inducible Treg (iTR35) cells are dysregulated in allergic rhinitis patients, which can be restored with SLIT. Mechanism of IL-35-mediated tolerance to allergens includes suppressions of T cell proliferation, Th2 cytokine production, and B cell production of IgE antibodies.SummaryEmerging evidence supports a potential role for IL-35 and iTR35 cells in tolerance maintenance during SLIT. A better understanding for the role of IL-35 and iTR35 cells could provide new avenues for the development of clinical biomarker to assess efficacy of allergen immunotherapy and novel therapeutic strategies for allergic rhinitis.
The Psychological Predictors of Acute and Chronic Pain in Women Following Breast Cancer Surgery
Authors: McCowat Monica , Fleming Leanne , Vibholm Julie , Dixon Diane 
Published: November 2018

Objectives:
Numerous psychological factors have been found to be associated with acute and chronic pain following breast cancer surgery. However, individual studies tend to be limited to a small number of predictors and many fail to employ prospective designs. This study aimed to identify a broader range of psychological predictors of acute and chronic pain following breast cancer surgery through a systematic review of relevant prospective studies.

Methods:
Web of Science, psychINFO, PubMed, and MEDLINE databases were searched to identify relevant prospective cohort studies. Studies were included if women were to undergo mastectomy or wide local excision, if psychological factors were assessed before surgery, and pain assessed after surgery.

Results:
Twelve studies (representing 11 independent cohorts) met the inclusion criteria and described 10 psychological predictors. Anxiety and depression were the most frequently assessed psychological factors, and were measured in 9 of the 12 studies. Anxiety and psychological robustness emerged as significant predictors of acute pain. Distress was the strongest predictor of chronic pain. The relationship between depression and chronic postsurgical pain was, at best, mixed.

Discussion:
This review has identified a range of psychological predictors of acute and chronic pain following breast cancer surgery; however, the evidence was conflicting and limited. Future studies should demonstrate adequate power and take account of known confounders.
Leg Muscle Strength After Lateral Interbody Fusion Surgery Recovers Over Time After Temporary Muscle Weakness
Authors: Takatori Ryota , Ogura Taku , Narita Wataru , Hayashida Tatsuro , Tonomura Hitoshi , Mikami Yasuo , Nagae Masateru , Ikoma Kazuya , Kubo Toshikazu 
Published: November 2018

Study Design:
Case-control study.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to reveal the changes of leg muscle strength after lateral interbody fusion (LIF).

Summary of Background Data:
Muscle trauma and damage to intermuscular nerves due to dissection of the psoas are recognized perioperative complications of LIF. Although reduced leg strength is temporary in many cases, the underlying changes have not been studied in detail.

Methods:
Leg muscle strength was measured quantitatively before LIF surgery and 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks after surgery (n=38). Reduced muscle strength was defined as <80% of the preoperative measurement. The psoas position (PP%) was calculated from axial T2-weighted magnetic resonance images and compared with the degree of psoas and quadriceps muscle strength reduction at 1 week after surgery on the approach side. Twenty cases that underwent a posterior lumbar approach (posterior group) acted as controls.

Results:
The proportion of patients with reduced psoas muscle strength 1 week after LIF was 60.5% on the approach side and 39.5% on the healthy side, versus 30.0% in the posterior group. The corresponding results for the quadriceps were 34.2%, 39.5%, and 25.0%, respectively. All cases had strength improvement on the approach side by 12 weeks postsurgery in the psoas and by 4 weeks postsurgery for the quadriceps. Psoas muscle strength and quadriceps strength at 1 week after surgery were correlated (ρ=0.57, P<0.001). There was a low inverse correlation between PP% and quadriceps strength at 1 week (ρ=−0.31, P<0.001).

Conclusions:
Muscle strength declined in both the psoas and quadriceps muscle groups after LIF; however, the effect was temporary and strength recovered over time. Reduced postoperative quadriceps muscle strength may relate the position of the psoas muscle via increased irritation of the lumbar plexus during the splitting maneuver.
How Much Surface Registration Accuracy is Required Using Ct-based Navigation System in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Surgery?
Authors: Uehara Masashi , Takahashi Jun , Ikegami Shota , Kuraishi Shugo , Futatsugi Toshimasa , Oba Hiroki , Takizawa Takashi , Munakata Ryo , Koseki Michihiko , Kato Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2018

Study Design:
Retrospective, single-center, single-surgeon study.

Objective:
This study investigated screw perforation rate according to surface registration accuracy in pedicle screw fixation using a CT-based navigation system for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).

Summary of Background data:
Posterior spinal fusion for scoliosis correction using pedicle screws is widely adopted but carries a risk of serious neurovascular or visceral structure events. To attempt to avoid these complications, we have been using a computed tomography (CT)-based navigation system during screw insertion, although insufficient surface registration accuracy may be a reason for some screw perforations.

Methods:
We evaluated 116 AIS patients (9 male and 107 females; mean±standard deviation age: 15.2±2.3 y) who had received pedicle screw fixation guided by a CT-based navigation system between August 2007 and December 2017. Screw perforation rate was evaluated in relation to surface registration accuracy and cut-off values were determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.

Results:
A total of 1553 pedicle screws were inserted into T2-L4 vertebrae using CT-based navigation system. The respective overall perforation rates for grade 2 or 3 and grade 3 perforations by surface registration accuracy were 0.2 mm: 0% and 0%; 0.3 mm: 3.5% and 0%; 0.4 mm: 3.5% and 0.8%; 0.5 mm: 8.0% and 3.5%; 0.6 mm: 6.7% and 2.7%; 0.7 mm: 8.9% and 3.8%; 0.8 mm: 9.3% and 6.7%; and 0.9 mm: 9.3% and 4.7%. ROC curve analysis revealed a cut-off surface registration accuracy of 0.5 mm. The major screw perforation rate for a surface registration accuracy of ≥0.5 mm was significantly higher than that for <0.5 mm (P<0.01).

Conclusions:
Analysis of screw perforation rate according to surface registration accuracy demonstrated a clinical cut-off of 0.5 mm. Thus, surface registration accuracy should optimally be <0.5 mm for scoliosis surgery with CT-based navigation system.
Associations Between Household Chores and Childhood Self-Competency
Authors: White Elizabeth M. , DeBoer Mark D. , Scharf Rebecca J. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
The development of self-competence and self-efficacy is important to achieving academic, social, and career success. Examining whether performing chores in early elementary school contributes to later self-competence is needed.

Methods:
We analyzed data from 9971 children participating in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten 2011 cohort entering kindergarten in the United States in 2010 to 2011. During kindergarten, parents reported the frequency with which their child performed chores. In the third grade, children responded to a questionnaire regarding their perceived interest or competence in academics, peer relationships, prosocial behavior, and life satisfaction. Children also completed direct academic assessments for reading, math, and science. Data were analyzed using linear and logistical regressions, adjusting for possible confounders.

Results:
The frequency of chores in kindergarten was positively associated with a child's perception of social, academic, and life satisfaction competencies in the third grade, independent of sex, family income, and parent education (all P < 0.001). Compared with children who regularly performed chores, children who rarely performed chores had greater odds of scoring in the bottom quintile on self-reported prosocial, academic ability, peer relationship, and life satisfaction scores (odds ratio [OR] = 1.17, 1.25, 1.24, and 1.27, respectively). Performing chores with any frequency in kindergarten was associated with improved math scores in the third grade (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
In this longitudinal cohort study, performing chores in early elementary school was associated with later development of self-competence, prosocial behavior, and self-efficacy.
A Method for Direct Monitoring of Atorvastatin Adherence in Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: Quantification of the Total Exposure to Parent Drug and Major Metabolites Using 2-Channel Chromatography and Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Vethe Nils Tore , Munkhaugen John , Andersen Anders M. , Husebye Einar , Bergan Stein 
Published: November 2018

Background:
Low adherence to statin therapy remains a public health concern associated with poor prognosis in cardiovascular disease patients. A feasible method for statin adherence monitoring in clinical practice has yet to be developed. In this article, we describe a novel method designed for the direct monitoring of atorvastatin adherence based on the sum of parent drug and major metabolites in blood samples.

Methods:
Acid and lactone forms of atorvastatin, 2-OH-atorvastatin, and 4-OH-atorvastatin were assayed. Plasma proteins were precipitated with an acidified mixture of methanol, acetonitrile, and aqueous zinc sulfate, and the supernatant was analyzed with 2-channel reversed-phase chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Assay validation was performed according to the guidelines provided by the European Medicines Agency and the US Food and Drug Administration.

Results:
The effective run time was 1 minute and 45 seconds per sample. Mean accuracy ranged from 92% to 110%, and coefficients of variation were ≤8.1% over the measurement ranges for individual compounds. The sum of acids and corresponding lactones was stable in clinical plasma samples kept at ambient temperature for up to 6 days after blood sampling (mean sum within 96.6%–101% of baseline).

Conclusions
A fast and reliable assay for the quantification of atorvastatin and its 5 major metabolites in clinical blood samples is reported. Limitations of preanalytical stability were solved using the sum of the acid and lactone forms. The assay is feasible for implementation in clinical practice, and the sum of parent drug and metabolites may be used for direct monitoring of atorvastatin adherence.
Surgical Outcomes of Phacoemulsification Followed by iStent Implantation Versus Goniotomy With the Kahook Dual Blade in Patients With Mild Primary Open-angle Glaucoma With a Minimum of 12-Month Follow-up
Authors: Le Crystal , Kazaryan Suzie , Hubbell Margaret , Zurakowski David , Ayyala Ramesh S. 
Published: November 2018

Purpose:
To study surgical outcomes after combined phacoemulsification with either iStent implantation or goniotomy using the Kahook Dual Blade (KDB) with a minimum of 12 months of follow-up.

Patients and Methods:
Patients with mild primary open-angle glaucoma who underwent phacoemulsification in combination with either iStent implantation or goniotomy using the KDB from 2011 to 2017 were included.

Results:
In total, 48 eyes in the iStent group and 29 eyes in the KDB group were included with at least 12 months of follow-up. There was no difference in patient age, sex, previous surgery, preoperative or postoperative visual acuity or intraocular pressure (IOP) between the 2 groups. Mean preoperative IOP in the iStent group decreased from 17.6±4.8 to 15.9±2.9 mm Hg (P=0.01); mean preoperative IOP in the KDB group decreased from 17.4± 4.3 to 15.0±4.0 mm Hg (P=0.01). The overall percentage of IOP reduction was 14.3% in the iStent group and 12.6% in the KDB group at 12 months of follow-up. Mean topical glaucoma medication use decreased from 2.0±0.9 to 0.7±1.1 in the iStent group and from 2.2±1.0 to 1.6±1.3 in the KDB group. Multivariable linear regression accounting for age, sex, race, baseline IOP, and number of eyes treated as covariates indicated a significant reduction in IOP from baseline with both iStent (Wald χ2=3.97, P=0.046) and KDB (Wald χ2=4.65, P=0.031). Multivariable logistic regression accounting for age, sex, race, baseline IOP, and number of eyes treated as covariates indicated no significant difference in overall success between iStent and KDB (Z-test=0.92, P=0.359).

Conclusions:
Phacoemulsification in combination with either iStent implantation or goniotomy using the KDB both achieved statistical significant reduction in IOP and number of glaucoma medications at 12 months of follow-up in patients with mild primary open-angle glaucoma with no complications.
Right Mini-Thoracotomy Subaortic Membrane Resection
Authors: Johnson Carl A. , Siordia Juan A. , Robinson Davida A. , Sagebin Fabio , Knight Peter A. 
Published: November 2018

Objective Subaortic membrane is an anatomical intracardiac anomaly that may cause discrete subaortic stenosis and aortic insufficiency. Patients requiring subaortic membrane resection may benefit from a minimally invasive approach; however, subaortic membranes are typically resected through a median sternotomy. We present our initial clinical experience of adult patients who have undergone a mini-thoracotomy subaortic membrane resection. Methods Eight patients who underwent an elective subaortic membrane resection performed through a mini-thoracotomy were retrospectively reviewed. A 5-cm mini-thoracotomy incision was made in the 2nd intercostal space; a videoscope was inserted through a separate incision within the same interspace. Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was instituted via central arterial and peripheral venous cannulation and an aortotomy was made. The subaortic membrane was resected with shafted instruments. The left ventricular outflow tract was inspected and CPB was weaned. Thirty-day mortality, intensive care and hospital length of stay, ventilation time, operative times, postoperative morbidity, and need for additional procedures were evaluated. Results The median CPB and cross-clamp times were 60 and 42 minutes, respectively. The median time to extubation was 3.6 hours. The median intensive care unit and hospital stay were 22 hours and 3 days, respectively. The postoperative left ventricular outflow tract mean gradients decreased significantly (26.5 vs. 9.4 mm Hg, P = 0.001). There were no conversions to sternotomy, perioperative strokes, or 30-day mortality. Conclusions Subaortic membranes can be resected through a mini-thoracotomy approach with excellent clinical results.
Evaluating health warning messages specific to waterpipe smoking among university students in Jordan
Authors: Darawad Muhammad W. , Salloum Ramzi , Alhussami Mahmoud , Maharmeh Mahmoud 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT

Background and purpose:
Health warning messages specific to waterpipe smoking (WPS) have not been tested enough in literature. This study evaluated university students' response to such messages. Specifically, this study (1) assessed the extent to which certain warning messages and pictorial signs motivate participants to quit WPS smoking; (2) identified the best location to place the warning signs of waterpipe as perceived by participants; and (3) assessed participants' intention to quit WPS.

Methods:
A descriptive, cross-sectional design was used to collect data from 397 university students in Jordan using an Internet-based survey. The following data were collected: intentions regarding WPS, response to nine warning messages, and responses to four pictorial signs.

Results:
The message that had the highest motivation to quit smoking was “ WPS during pregnancy can harm your baby” (79.3%), whereas the highest pictorial sign was regarding “Protect your children” (64.2%). Most (69.5%) participants believed that WPS products and accessories should contain warnings, and the best suggested location was the pipe handle (52.4%). Participants who reported quitting WPS and those who had an intention to quit had significantly higher responses to both types of health warning labels (HWLs).

Conclusion:
Both text-only and pictorial HWLs were found to encourage quitting WPS among university students. Knowing that participants are having an intention to quit mandates extra efforts to make WPS experience less appealing through reminding them regarding its harms.

Implications for practice:
Support is needed by health care providers to put those effective health warning messages in action. Furthermore, providers can use such health warnings in motivating their patients to quit WPS.
Endocrine aspects of Klinefelter syndrome
Authors: Lizarazo Adriana Herrera , McLoughlin Michelle , Vogiatzi Maria G. 
Published: November 2018

Purpose of review
Klinefelter syndrome is the most common sex chromosome abnormality in men. Hypogonadism and testicular degeneration are almost universal. Truncal adiposity, metabolic syndrome and low bone mass occur frequently. This review summarizes the most recent advances in the pathogenesis and management of the endocrine abnormalities in Klinefelter syndrome. It is expected that optimal endocrine management will improve outcomes and quality of life in Klinefelter syndrome.

Recent findings
In Klinefelter syndrome, testosterone replacement is routinely prescribed despite lack of evidence on the optimal dose and time for initiation of therapy. Cross-sectional studies have linked hypogonadism to the development of metabolic abnormalities and low bone mass. Testosterone therapy, however, is not consistently associated with improved metabolic and bone outcomes. Increased truncal adiposity and high rates of metabolic syndrome are present in prepubertal children. A randomized trial of oxandrolone in prepubertal boys showed improvement in visual-motor function, socialization and cardiometabolic health. Testicular sperm extraction (TESE) has success rates similar to other causes of nonobstructive azoospermia when performed between 16 and 35 years of age.

Summary
Endocrine care in Klinefelter syndrome should start in childhood and include evaluation of metabolic risk factors and bone health. Further research to guide evidence-based endocrine care is very much needed.
Competition in Outpatient Procedure Markets
Authors: Baker Laurence C. , Bundorf M.K. , Kessler Daniel P. 
Published: November 2018

Background:
More than half of all medical procedures performed in the United States occur in an outpatient setting, yet few studies have explored how competition among ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs) and hospitals affects prices for commercially insured outpatient services.

Objectives:
We examined the association between prices for commercially insured outpatient procedures and competition among ASCs and hospitals.

Research Design:
Using claims from the Health Care Cost Institute for 2008–2012, we constructed county-level price indices for outpatient procedures in hospital outpatient departments and ASCs. Using regression analysis, we estimated the association between prices and ASC availability, outpatient and inpatient hospital competition, hospital/physician integration, and several other hospital market characteristics. Our estimates were identified from changes within counties over time.

Results:
First, ASC availability was associated with decreases in overall outpatient procedure prices, mostly due to reductions in the prices paid to hospital outpatient departments. Second, competition among hospitals was also associated with decreases in outpatient procedure prices—and had an effect more than twice as large as the effect of ASC availability. Third, competition among ASCs was also associated with reductions in the prices paid to other ASCs.

Conclusions:
Our results suggest that competition from ASCs benefits consumers through lower prices for outpatient procedures. Any conclusions about the broader welfare implications of the rise in ASCs, however, must balance the price reductions that we found with the volume increases found in previous work, particularly the volume increases at physician-owned ASCs.