bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NMDA‐type glutamate receptors mediate the acrosome reaction and motility initiation in newt sperm
Authors: Endo Daisuke , Kon Shinnosuke , Sato Tae , Toyama Fubito , Katsura Yohei , Nakauchi Yuni , Takayama‐Watanabe Eriko , Watanabe Akihiko 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe N‐methyl d‐aspartate type glutamate receptor (NMDAR) is a ligand‐gated cation channel that causes Ca2+ influx in nerve cells. An NMDAR agonist is effective to the sperm motility in fowls, although the actual role of NMDAR in sperm function is unknown. In the present study, RNA‐seq of the spermatogenic testes suggested the presence of NMDAR in the sperm of the newt Cynops pyrrhogaster. Glutamate of at least 0.7 ± 0.5 mM was detected in the egg‐jelly substances along with acrosome reaction‐inducing substance (ARIS) and sperm motility‐initiating substance (SMIS). In the egg‐jelly extract (JE) that included the ARIS and SMIS, the acrosome reaction was inhibited by a NMDAR antagonists, memantine and MK801. MK801 also inhibited the spontaneous acrosome reaction in Steinberg's salt solution (ST). Furthermore, memantine and MK801 suppressed the progressive motility of the sperm in JE and spontaneous waving of the undulating membrane, which is the tail structure giving thrust for forward motility, in ST. The spontaneous waving of the undulating membrane was promoted when Mg2+, which blocks Ca2+ influx through gated NMDARs, was removed from the ST. In addition, the ARIS‐induced acrosome reaction was inhibited by a selective antagonist of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 4, whose activation might result in the membrane depolarization to release Mg2+ from the NMDAR. These results suggest that NMDAR acts together with other cation channels in the induction of the acrosome reaction and motility of the sperm during the fertilization process of C. pyrrhogaster.
Differences between water‐filled and air‐charged urodynamic catheters for determining the urethral pressure profile in neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction patients
Authors: Zhao Haitao , Liao Limin , Deng Han , Wang Yue 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimThe maximum urethral closure pressure (MUCPs) and functional urethral length (FUL) obtained with water‐filled and air‐charged catheters during urethral pressure profile (UPP) determination was compared in a single, blind, randomized, and prospective trial.MethodsThirty‐three males with spinal cord injuries and neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction underwent UPP determinations using water‐filled and air‐charged catheters in random order; the patients were unaware of the catheter sequence. The variability of the same type of catheter and the agreement between the different types of catheters were compared. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to check the correlation between the catheters and the Bland‐Altman method was used to verify the agreement.ResultThe intraclass correlation coefficients for MUCPs and FULs determined using water‐filled and air‐charged catheters were 0.89, 0.75, 0.94, and 0.78, respectively. The interclass correlation coefficients for MUCPs and FULs between the two catheters were 0.43 and 0.28, respectively. Bland‐Altman plots suggested that the values measured by air‐charged catheters were significantly higher than water‐filled catheters (mean difference, 26.0 and 2.4 cmH2O, respectively). There were wide 95% limits of agreement (−54.0 to 106.0 and −0.3 to 5.1 cmH
2O, respectively) that exceeded the clinical range for differences in MUCP and FUL.ConclusionAir‐charged catheters usually give higher readings than water‐filled catheters for UPP. Agreement between water‐filled and air‐charged catheters was not good. Nevertheless, the catheter type which is more relevant to the disease requires further study.
Zoonotic parasites in feline coprolites from a holocenic mortuary context from eastern Patagonia (Argentina)
Authors: Beltrame María Ornela , Serna Alejandro , Cañal Victoria , Prates Luciano 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNowadays, wildlife is one of the most important sources of zoonoses, and it is a major concern for public health. Nevertheless, little is known about the role of wildlife as a reservoir and source of infectious diseases in the past. South America presents a wide diversity of wildlife. In the south of the continent, Argentina shelters a large diversity of neotropical carnivores. Although the paleoparasitological studies on carnivores have been increasing in southern Argentina, most of the efforts have been focused in a handful of sites located in western Patagonia. In this paper, two coprolites of felid found in Cueva Galpón, an initial late Holocene mortuary site from northeast Patagonia (Argentina), were studied for paleoparasitological purposes. Samples were processed by rehydration and homogenization, filtered and processed by spontaneous sedimentation. The samples were assigned to Puma concolor (puma) or Panthera onca (jaguar). Microscopic observations revealed that both coprolites were positive for parasite remains. High parasite richness was observed. Six nematodes, one cestode, and one coccidian morphotypes were reported. This is the first time that Gnathostoma sp. and Spirocerca sp. were recovered from holocenic times from Patagonia. This finding implies that some diseases such as taeniasis, spirocercosis, gnathostomosis, ascariasis, and coccidiosis could be present in holocenic wildlife from Patagonia prior to the Spanish colonization and domestic animal introduction. The overall results suggest that felids could have played a role as reservoirs and source of some parasitic species, some of which are zoonotic. Therefore, this animal could have entailed a risk agent for human health in the site.
Potential unintended consequences of graphic warning labels on sugary drinks: do they promote obesity stigma?
Authors: Hayward L. E. , Vartanian L. R. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryIntroductionPublic health interventions need to balance the benefits with any potential harms. One proposed intervention for reducing sugar‐sweetened beverage consumption involves placing graphic warning labels on products and advertisements. A recent study found that a graphic warning label that contained negative imagery of obesity reduced purchases of sugar‐sweetened beverages. However, these labels may also promote obesity stigma, which is concerning given that weight stigma is associated with harmful health consequences including weight gain and increased risk of mortality.MethodsIn Study 1 (n = 681), participants viewed a standard soda label or the graphic warning label online and then completed measures of disgust and prejudice towards people with obesity. In Study 2 (n = 506), participants who identified as having overweight or obesity viewed the graphic warning label online before or after completing measures of mood and state self‐esteem.ResultsIn Study 1, participants who had viewed the graphic warning label reported higher disgust and weight bias. In Study 2, the majority of participants perceived the warning label to be stigmatizing, and participants displayed worse mood and, through this, lower self‐esteem after viewing the label.ConclusionsAlthough the graphic warning label has been found to reduce sugary drink purchases, it also promotes obesity stigma and is perceived as stigmatizing by individuals with overweight and obesity. Given that weight stigma predicts harmful health and well‐being consequences, the benefits of graphic warning labels need to be balanced against the potential costs.
Retrospective Analysis of Acute Rehabilitation Outcomes of Cancer Inpatients with Leptomeningeal Disease
Authors: Fu Jack B. , Molinares Diana M. , Morishita Shinichiro , Silver Julie K. , Dibaj Seyedeh S. , Guo Ying , Bruera Eduardo 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveEvaluate Functional Independence Measure (FIM) changes and incidence of serious medical complications requiring return to the primary acute care service of acute rehabilitation cancer inpatients with leptomeningeal disease (LMD).DesignRetrospective chart review.SettingTertiary referral based comprehensive cancer center acute inpatient rehabilitation unit.ParticipantsThirty cancer patients admitted to acute inpatient rehabilitation between 8 January 2014 and 8 August 2018 with pathology confirmed LMD within 6 months.InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresFIM and incidence of return to the primary acute care service.ResultsTwenty five of 30 (83.3%) patients were noted to have neurologic impairments and 13/30 (43.3%) were noted to have cognitive impairments. Five of 30 patients (16.7%) received intrathecal chemotherapy and 4/30 (13.3%) received radiation during acute inpatient rehabilitation for LMD treatment. Median days in acute care prior to acute inpatient rehabilitation was 22.5. Median days from acute inpatient rehabilitation admission until death of the 23 deceased patients as of 1 January 2019 was 180.00. Twenty of 30 (66.7%) patients were discharged home, 9/30 (30%) transferred to the primary acute care service, and 1/30 (3.3%) discharged to a skilled nursing facility. Reasons for return to the primary acute care service included additional chemotherapy 3/9 (33%), neurologic decline 2/9 (22%), fever 2/9 (22%), altered mental status 1/9 (11%), and progressive polyarthritis 1/9 (11%). Of the 21 patients who completed acute inpatient rehabilitation without return to the primary acute care service, mean FIM subscore changes from admission to discharge for Activities of Daily Living, Mobility, and Motor were 5.1 (P < .001), 4.8 (P < .001) and 11.7 (P < .001), respectively (Wilcoxon signed rank test, significance P < .05).ConclusionLMD patients who completed acute inpatient rehabilitation made statistically significant improvements on the majority of FIM items. Most patients were discharged home. Our data suggest LMD should not be a reason for exclusion from acute inpatient rehabilitation.Level of EvidenceIII.
Inhibiting the immunoproteasome's β5i catalytic activity affects human peripheral blood‐derived immune cell viability
Authors: Pletinckx Katrien , Vaßen Silke , Schlusche Ilka , Nordhoff Sonja , Bahrenberg Gregor , Dunkern Torsten R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSmall molecule inhibitors selectively targeting the immunoproteasome subunit β5i are currently being developed for the treatment of autoimmune disorders. However, patients carrying loss‐of‐function mutations in the gene encoding β5i (Psmb8) suffer from the proteasome‐associated autoinflammatory syndromes (PRAAS) emphasizing the need to study pharmacological inhibition of immunoproteasome function in human cells. Here, we characterized the immunomodulatory potential of the selective β5i inhibitor ONX 0914 and Bortezomib, a pan‐proteasome inhibitor, in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Both compounds efficiently blocked pro‐inflammatory cytokine secretion in human whole blood and PBMC cultures stimulated with toll‐like receptor (TLR) agonists. Furthermore, the compounds inhibited T cell cytokine production induced by recall antigen CMVpp65 or by polyclonal stimulation. The viability of PBMCs, however, was rapidly decreased in the presence of ONX 0914 and Bortezomib demonstrated by decreased residual cytosolic ATP and increased Annexin V surface binding. Interestingly, HLA‐DR+ monocytes were rapidly depleted from the cultures in the presence of ONX 0914 as a β5i‐selective inhibitor and Bortezomib. In conclusion, the anti‐inflammatory potential of β5i‐selective inhibitors is correlating with a cytotoxicity increase in human PBMC subsets ex vivo. Our results provide important insights into the anti‐inflammatory mechanism of action of β5i‐inhibitors which currently hold the promise as a novel therapy for autoinflammatory diseases.
Adrenal βarrestin1 targeting for tobacco–associated cardiac dysfunction treatment: Aldosterone production as the mechanistic link
Authors: Solesio Maria E , Mitaishvili Erna , Lymperopoulos Anastasios 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTobacco kills 6 million people annually and its global health costs are continuously rising. The main addictive component of every tobacco product is nicotine. Among the mechanisms by which nicotine, and its major metabolite, cotinine, contribute to heart disease is the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system (RAAS) activation. This increases aldosterone production from the adrenals and circulating aldosterone levels. Aldosterone is a mineralocorticoid hormone with various direct harmful effects on the myocardium, including increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which contributes significantly to cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiac aging. Aldosterone is produced in the adrenocortical zona glomerulosa (AZG) cells in response to angiotensin II (AngII), activating its type 1 receptor (AT1R). The AT1R is a G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) that leads to aldosterone biosynthesis and secretion, via signaling from both Gq/11proteins and the GPCR adapter protein βarrestin1, in AZG cells. Adrenal βarrestin1 is essential for AngII–dependent adrenal aldosterone production, which aggravates heart disease. Since adrenal βarrestin1 is essential for raising circulating aldosterone in the body and tobacco compounds are also known to elevate aldosterone levels in smokers, accelerating heart disease progression, our central hypothesis is that nicotine and cotinine increase aldosterone levels to induce cardiac injury by stimulating adrenal βarrestin1. In the present review, we provide an overview of the current literature of the physiology and pharmacology of adrenal aldosterone production regulation, of the effects of tobacco on this process and, finally, of the effects of tobacco and aldosterone on cardiac structure and function, with a particular focus on cardiac mitochondrial function. We conclude our literature account with a brief experimental outline, as well as with some therapeutic perspectives of our pharmacological hypothesis, that is that adrenal βarrestin1 is a novel molecular target for preventing tobacco–induced hyperaldosteronism, thereby also ameliorating tobacco–related heart disease development.
Maternal–Neonatal Raltegravir Population Pharmacokinetics Modeling: Implications for Initial Neonatal Dosing
Authors: Lommerse Jos , Clarke Diana , Kerbusch Thomas , Merdjan Henri , Witjes Han , Teppler Hedy , Mirochnick Mark , Acosta Edward P. , Wenning Larissa , Nachman Sharon , Chain Anne 
Published: June 2019

Raltegravir readily crosses the placenta to the fetus with maternal use during pregnancy. After birth, neonatal raltegravir elimination is highly variable and often extremely prolonged, with some neonates demonstrating rising profiles after birth despite removal from the source of extrinsic raltegravir. To establish an appropriate dosing regimen, an integrated maternal–neonatal pharmacokinetics model was built to predict raltegravir plasma concentrations in neonates with in utero raltegravir exposure. Postnatal age and body weight were used as structural covariates. The model predicted rising or decreasing neonatal elimination profiles based on the time of maternal drug administration relative to time of birth and degree of in utero drug disposition into the central and peripheral compartments. Based on this model, it is recommended to delay the first oral dose of raltegravir until 1–2 days of age in those neonates born to mothers who received raltegravir during pregnancy, labor, and delivery.
The heavier pnictogen and chalcogen analogues of isocyanic and cyanic acids and their dimers: A high level ab initio study
Authors: Zhang Zhong , Liu Chencheng , Tian Ge , Chen Zuqing , Pu Liang , King Robert Bruce 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe CCSD(T)/cc‐pVTZ//CCSD/cc‐pVTZ method is used to determine the geometries and energetics of the isomers HXCY vs HY─CX (XN, P, As; YO, S) and their dimers from chain dimerizations and head‐to‐head or head‐to‐tail [2 + 2] cyclodimerizations. The HO─CX structures with CX triple bonds lie at energies at least 18.5 kcal/mol above their HXCO isomers. However, the energy differences between the HXCS and HS─CX isomers are found to be particularly small, especially in the [H,P,C,S] and [H,As,C,S] systems. For (HNCY)2, the lowest energy dimers are the chain isomers, which lie ~11 kcal/mol below the lowest energy cyclic dimers aNO containing a NCNC ring and cNS containing a NCSC ring. Formation of the remaining dimers through dimerization from two monomers is predicted to be endothermic and thus thermodynamically disfavored. However, the energies of the chain isomers in the other (HXCY)2 (XP, As; YO, S) series are higher than those of the corresponding isomeric lowest energy cyclodimers. For (HXCO)2 (XP, As), the lowest energy structures are the head‐to‐head dimers hPO and hAsO containing a C─C─XX ring. For (HXCS)2 (XP, As), the lowest energy structures are the head‐to‐head dimers gPS and gAsS with a CCXS ring.
Ultrasound Promoted Fabrication of CuO‐Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite for Facile Synthesis of Fluorescent Coumarin Based 1,4‐disubsituted 1,2,3‐triazoles in Aqueous Media
Authors: Jain Yachana , Kumari Mitlesh , Laddha Harshita , Gupta Ragini 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHerein, we report a highly efficient sonochemical synthesis of CuO‐graphene oxide nanocomposite and its application as a recyclable catalyst for copper catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction of 3‐azidocoumarin derivatives and various terminal alkynes for the robust synthesis of regioselective fluorescent 1,4‐disubsituted triazoles (3 a‐o). This protocol includes water as a clean medium, effectively low copper loading, operational simplicity, good to excellent yield (up to 97%) in lesser time (60 min) and diverse substrate scope. Easy catalyst separation from reaction media and its recycling up to nine consecutive cycles without appreciable loss in the product yield are other noteworthy features of this protocol. The optimized reaction conditions were then explored successfully to get 90% yield at gram scale level.
Geographic Inequalities and Access to Higher Education: Is the Proximity to Higher Education Institution Associated with the Probability of Attendance in England?
Authors: White Peter M. , Lee David M. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The relationship between geography and the selection of university is well documented and suggests that a student’s location substantially limits their choice of institution. However, there are few studies investigating the interplay between geography and the decision to attend university, particularly in the UK. This study aims to establish if distance to university is associated with the probability of enrolling in higher education in England and forms the quantitative half of a mixed-methods study on the subject. An ordinal logistic regression analysis of HESA enrollment data, which controls for deprivation, is employed. The investigation uses average direct measures of distance between each census area and university campus in England to determine the relationship between distance and enrollment. The findings suggest that geographical distance to university has a negative association with university enrollment. Students within the 10 km measure had a significantly increased odds of enrolling at university than students in the 40 km and above category (odds ratio 10.89; 95% CI 1–2), when controlling for deprivation and population density. It is hoped that the findings of this research will help to raise awareness of geographical inequalities and inform policy on university access.
Transferring performativity from speech to writing: illocutionary acts and incantation bowls
Authors: Waller Daniel James 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis article considers the interface between orality and textuality in the Aramaic incantation bowls, as well as the use of performative utterances in the texts of their spells. It demonstrates that writing and writtenness were central to bowl praxis as a whole, and argues that the bowls reflect a growing understanding of writing as performative in itself. In light of this, it suggests that the use of illocutionary acts in the bowl texts reflects the (gradual and ongoing) transfer of performativity from speech to writing in Sasanian Mesopotamia. Such acts of “word magic” in the bowls as oaths and curses are more likely to represent transitional language or a kind of “oral residue” than the verbatim representation of speech or spoken acts.
Characterising postgraduate students’ corpus query and usage patterns for disciplinary data-driven learning
Authors: Crosthwaite Peter , Wong Lillian L.C. , Cheung Joyce 
Published: June 2019

AbstractData-driven learning (DDL; Johns, 1991), involving students’ hands-on use of corpora for self-guided language learning, is a methodology now increasingly used in many tertiary contexts to enhance the teaching of disciplinary postgraduate thesis writing. However, there are still few studies tracking students’ actual engagement with corpora for DDL. This mixed-methods study reports on the tracking of students’ corpus use via a purpose-built corpus query and data visualisation platform integrated into a large postgraduate disciplinary thesis writing program at a university in Hong Kong. Data on corpus usage history (e.g. times of access, duration of use), query syntax (e.g. query lexis/phraseology and use of wildcards and part-of-speech tags), query function (e.g. frequency lists/distribution, concordance sorting and collocation) and query filters (e.g. searches by faculty, discipline, or thesis section) were collected from 327 students spanning over 11,000 individual corpus queries. The results show significant interdisciplinary and inter-/intra-user trends and variation in the use of particular corpus functions and query syntax adopted by corpus users. Students varied in the type of knowledge (e.g. domain-specific, language-specific) they were accessing, and frequently went beyond the exemplars of the DDL course materials to generate unique queries under their own initiative. Qualitative case study data from three corpus users’ activity logs also show distinctive individual corpus engagement by query frequency and function. These data provide a clearer insight into what students actually do during DDL and the different directions and trajectories that individual users take as a result of DDL. All accompanying DDL tasks are also included as supplementary materials.
L’intonation du français au Canada : Étude de cas des patrons intonatifs et des syllabes accentuées dans les variétés parlées au Nouveau-Brunswick et au Québec
Authors: Mamode Meï-Lan 
Published: June 2019

RÉSUMÉÀ travers l’examen des contours intonatifs d’une variété de français parlée au Nouveau-Brunswick (FNB), nous cherchons d’abord à vérifier l’hypothèse prédisant que l’intonation du français est sous-tendue par le patron sous-jacent /LHiLH*/, tel que décrit par Jun et Fougeron (2002) dans le cadre de la théorie métrique-autosegmentale. Notre but second est de déterminer si le FNB présente des particularités intonatives le distinguant du français québécois (FQ), la variété la plus parlée et la plus documentée au Canada. Pour ce faire, la parole semi-spontanée de trois locuteurs de chaque variété est analysée. Nous comparons les types de contours intonatifs, la fréquence d’apparition de ces contours, ainsi que deux propriétés phonétiques (soit la hauteur de la fréquence fondamentale et la durée) des syllabes accentuées dans les deux variétés. Les contours répertoriés démontrent qu’effectivement, l’intonation du FNB est régie par le patron /LHiLH*/, mais que cette variété fait état d’une prédominance de continuités descendantes. L’analyse des paramètres phonétiques des syllabes accentuées révèle que le FNB privilégie l’usage de la durée à la frontière des syntagmes accentuels non finaux, tout en exhibant des variations de durée syllabique importantes en fonction de la position du syntagme accentuel dans la phrase.