bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphogenesis of flattened unifacial leaves in Juncus prismatocarpus (Juncaceae)
Authors: Yin Xiaofeng , Tsukaya Hirokazu 
Published: December 2018

Summary

To reveal the mode of morphogenesis of flattened unifacial leaves, we analysed the cell division direction and distribution on the leaf blade of Juncus prismatocarpus.

Using the pulse–chase 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine method, we quantified and mapped the cell division direction on the leaf blade of J. prismatocarpus and compared the distribution of thickening cell divisions with the expression pattern of DROOPING LEAF (DL), a key gene involved in leaf blade thickening.

Thickening cell divisions were the most abundant (> 45%) among all cell division directions on the leaf blade of J. prismatocarpus from the early plastochron 2 stage through the plastochron 3 stage. Mapping of cell divisions indicated that cell divisions in a particular direction were not restricted to a particular domain but were distributed diffusely throughout the entire cross‐sectional area of the leaf blade. Gradient analysis indicated that the distribution of thickening cell divisions of the adaxial domain was denser than that of the abaxial domain. Contrary to the prolonged and diffuse distribution of thickening cell divisions, DL expression was transient and restricted in a narrow band.

Our results suggest that a diffuse ‘thickening meristem’ plays the key role in the development of flattened unifacial leaves.
The efficacy and safety of fluticasone/salmeterol compared to fluticasone in children younger than four years of age
Authors: Yoshihara Shigemi , Tsubaki Toshikazu , Ikeda Masanori , Lenney Warren , Tomiak Richard , Hattori Takako , Hashimoto Kenichi , Soutome Toru , Kato Shihona 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundFluticasone propionate 50 μg/salmeterol xinafoate 25 μg (FP/SAL) is widely used in adults and children with asthma, but there is sparse information on its use in very young children.MethodsThis was a randomized, double‐blind, multicentre, controlled trial conducted in children aged 8 months to 4 years. During a 2‐week run‐in period, they all received FP twice daily. At randomization, they commenced FP/SAL or FP twice daily for 8 weeks. All were then given FP/SAL only, in a 16‐week open‐label study continuation. Medications were inhaled through an AeroChamber Plus with attached face mask. The primary end‐point was mean change in total asthma symptom scores from baseline to the last 7 days of the double‐blind period. Analyses were undertaken in all children randomized to treatment and who received at least one dose of study medication.ResultsThree hundred children were randomized 1:1 to receive FP/SAL or FP. Mean change from baseline in total asthma symptom scores was –3.97 for FP/SAL and –3.01 with FP. The between‐group difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.21; 95% confidence interval: −2.47, 0.54). No new safety signals were seen with FP/SAL.ConclusionThis is the first randomized, double‐blind study of this size to evaluate FP/SAL in very young children with asthma. FP/SAL did not show superior efficacy to FP; no clear add‐on effect of SAL was demonstrated. No clinically significant differences in safety were noted with FP/SAL usage.
Follicular dynamics and changes in oestradiol‐17β, progesterone and LH profiles following PGF2αinduced oestrus in early and late ovulating Beetal goats
Authors: Murtaza Ali , Ahmad Waqas , Sohail Tariq , Khan Muhammad Irfan‐ur‐Rehman , Mohsin Imran , Shahzad Muhammad , Hussain Mujahid , Tahir Muhammad Zahid , Ijaz Muhammad 
Published: December 2018

ContentsThis study compares the factors associated with variable interval to oestrus and ovulation between early versus late ovulating goats following PGF2αadministration. The time of ovulation in Beetal goats (n = 38) was monitored through transrectal ultrasound at every 6 hr following a single dose of PGF2α(experiment 1). Variations in oestrus and ovulation times were further explored through the changes in follicular dynamics, endocrine profiles and behaviour in another set of goats (n = 13) following single PGF2αgiven randomly during the luteal phase (experiment 2). The ovulation time varied between 60 and 96 hr, and 57% of ovulations occurred by 72 hr following PGF2α(experiment 1). Accordingly, the goats (n = 13) in the second experiment were retrospectively divided either into early and/or late ovulating, that is, ≤72 and/or ≥84 hr following PGF2α. The onset of oestrus, peak estradiol‐17β concentration and LH surge after PGF2αwas first observed in early than late ovulating goats (p < 0.05). The goats ovulating early had larger follicle and smaller CL in diameter at the time of PGF2αadministration than those ovulating late (5.4 ± 0.2 vs. 4.3 ± 0.2 mm and 10 ± 0.6 vs. 11.8 ± 0.3 mm, respectively;p < 0.05). Likewise, plasma progesterone concentration tended to be lower (p = 0.087) in early than late ovulating goats. In conclusion, the size of dominant follicle and CL at the time of PGF2adetermines the interval to ovulation following a single dose of PGF2aduring the luteal phase.
Comparison of continuous flow versus demand oxygen delivery systems in patients with COPD: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Gloeckl Rainer , Osadnik Christian , Bies Lisa , Leitl Daniela , Koczulla Andreas‐Rembert , Kenn Klaus 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTDemand oxygen delivery systems (DODS) enable prolongation of liquid oxygen cylinder life compared to continuous oxygen flow (CONT) use. Evidence is lacking, however, regarding their efficacy. This study investigated the literature comparing liquid‐based CONT to DODS in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Four electronic databases were searched from 1980 until January 2018. Primary outcomes were oxyhaemoglobin saturation (SpO2%) at rest and during exercise and exercise performance. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane tool. Data were analysed via meta‐analysis where possible using the generic inverse variance method in Revman 5.3 or narrative synthesis. Ten crossover trials involving 152 patients with moderate to severe COPD (forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) range: 27–42% predicted) were included. There was a large degree of uncertainty regarding potential bias related to allocation concealment and blinding for all studies. Data from three studies (n = 44) showed no significant differences between DODS and CONT in terms of SpO2% at rest −0.2% (95% CI: −0.5% to 0.1%) or during exercise −0.3% (95% CI: −2.1% to 1.5%). The pooled mean difference of two studies (n = 56) in 6‐min walk distance was 5.7 m (95% CI: −14.4 to 25.8 m). Findings were consistent between the meta‐analysis and narrative synthesis. These findings from a limited number of studies suggest oxygen delivery via DODS or CONT confers similar effects in terms of SpO2% or exercise performance in patients with COPD. However, as DODS devices use various specifications that may yield large intra‐individual differences, individual SpO2% testing appears advisable for those considering DODS use.
Financial Openness and Aid for Trade in Developing Countries
Authors: Gnangnon Sèna Kimm 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis article examines the effect of De Jure financial openness in developing countries on the total amount of bilateral AfT inflows that accrues to these countries. The analysis relies on 126 countries over the period 1995–2015 and uses both the within fixed effects and the two‐step system GMM estimators. Results suggest that the effect of financial openness on AfT depends on the level of financial openness, whose values range between 0 and 100. A positive and significant effect is obtained for levels of financial openness lower than the value 48. In contrast, the effect becomes negative for countries whose level of financial openness is higher than 62. Countries whose degree of financial openness is comprised between 48 and 62 experience no significant effect of financial openness on the amount of the AfT flows that they receive. Overall, the analysis shows that financial openness does matter for the amount of AfT that recipient‐countries receive from donor‐countries.
Theorizing cumulative dehumanization: An embodied praxis of “becoming” and resisting state‐sanctioned violence
Authors: Bustamante Priscilla , Jashnani Gaurav , Stoudt Brett G. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis paper introduces a new conceptual framework referred to as “cumulative dehumanization” to better understand the ways in which dehumanization penetrates individual and collective bodies and minds, cutting across policy and ideology and accumulating materially and affectively over time and space.Cumulative dehumanizationilluminates a web of vertical and horizontal, synthetic, and dynamic processes that result in an ongoing racialized, state‐sanctioned dehumanization that is fundamentally cumulative—both temporally and spatially—with a profusion of consequences attached. Within the landscape of aggressive surveillance and policing, we illuminate howcumulative dehumanizationcan be conceptualized as (i) an active condition of becoming, experienced as an accumulation of dehumanizing moments, structurally imposed on racialized communities under siege; (ii) a wearing down of the racialized and affective body, creating circuits of dispossession for entire communities; (iii) a product and (re)producer of the material and ideological modes undergirding racial capitalism; and (iv) a force met with individual and collective resistance. Linking literature on racial capitalism and affect, to the embodied social psychological phenomenon of dehumanization,cumulative dehumanizationserves as a useful conceptual tool to examine the historical legacy of, processes embedded within, and entirety of collective consequences including resistance as inextricably linked. In doing so, we reveal the indivisibility of cognitive, embodied, psychological, social, material, ideological, and political circuits.
PDC1, a pyruvate/α‐ketoacid decarboxylase, is involved in acetaldehyde, propanal and pentanal biosynthesis in melon (Cucumis melo L.) fruit
Authors: Wang Minmin , Zhang Lei , Boo Kyung Hwan , Park Eunsook , Drakakaki Georgia , Zakharov Florence 
Published: December 2018

SummaryPlant pyruvate decarboxylases (PDC) catalyze the decarboxylation of pyruvate to form acetaldehyde and CO2 and are well known to play a key role in energy supply via fermentative metabolism in oxygen‐limiting conditions. In addition to their role in fermentation, plant PDCs have also been hypothesized to be involved in aroma formation although, to date, there is no direct biochemical evidence for this function. We investigated the role of PDCs in fruit volatile biosynthesis, and identified a melon pyruvate decarboxylase, PDC1, that is highly expressed in ripe fruits. In vitro biochemical characterization of the recombinant PDC1 enzyme showed that it could not only decarboxylate pyruvate, but that it also had significant activity toward other straight‐ and branched‐chain α‐ketoacids, greatly expanding the range of substrates previously known to be accepted by the plant enzyme. RNAi‐mediated transient and stable silencing of PDC1 expression in melon showed that this gene is involved in acetaldehyde, propanal and pentanal production, while it does not contribute to branched‐chain amino acid (BCAA)‐derived aldehyde biosynthesis in melon fruit. Importantly, our results not only demonstrate additional functions for the PDC enzyme, but also challenge the long standing hypothesis that PDC is involved in BCAA‐derived aldehyde formation in fruit.
Improving the quality of administration of the Surgical Safety Checklist: a mixed methods study in New Zealand hospitals
Authors: Weller Jennifer M , Jowsey Tanisha , Skilton Carmen , Gargiulo Derryn A , Medvedev Oleg N , Civil Ian , Hannam Jacqueline A , Mitchell Simon J , Torrie Jane , Merry Alan F 
Published: December 2018

While the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist (the Checklist) can improve patient outcomes, variable administration can erode benefits. We sought to understand and improve how operating room (OR) staff use the Checklist. Our specific aims were to: determine if OR staff can discriminate between good and poor quality of Checklist administration using a validated audit tool (WHOBARS); to determine reliability and accuracy of WHOBARS self-ratings; determine the influence of demographic variables on ratings and explore OR staff attitudes to Checklist administration.DesignMixed methods study using WHOBARS ratings of surgical cases by OR staff and two independent observers, thematic analysis of staff interviews.ParticipantsOR staff in three New Zealand hospitals.Outcome measuresReliability of WHOBARS for self-audit; staff attitudes to Checklist administration.ResultsAnalysis of scores (243 participants, 2 observers, 59 cases) supported tool reliability, with 87% of WHOBARS score variance attributable to differences in Checklist administration between cases. Self-ratings were significantly higher than observer ratings, with some differences between professional groups but error variance from all raters was less than 10%. Key interview themes (33 interviewees) were: Team culture and embedding the Checklist, Information transfer and obstacles, Raising concerns and ‘A tick-box exercise’. Interviewees felt the Checklist could promote teamwork and a safety culture, particularly enabling speaking up. Senior staff were of key importance in setting the appropriate tone.ConclusionsThe WHOBARS tool could be useful for self-audit and quality improvement as OR staff can reliably discriminate between good and poor Checklist administration. OR staff self-ratings were lenient compared with external observers suggesting the value of external audit for benchmarking. Small differences between ratings from professional groups underpin the value of including all members of the team in scoring. We identified factors explaining staff perceptions of the Checklist that should inform quality improvement interventions.
Early weight gain after stopping smoking: a predictor of overall large weight gain? A single-site retrospective cohort study
Authors: Pankova Alexandra , Kralikova Eva , Zvolska Kamila , Stepankova Lenka , Blaha Milan , Ovesna Petra , Aveyard Paul 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesMost people gain weight on stopping smoking but the extent of weight gain varies greatly. Interventions aimed at all quitters to prevent weight gain on cessation have proven unpopular but targeting people who have gained excess weight immediately after quitting may improve uptake and cost-effectiveness. We examined whether early large postcessation weight gain predicts overall large weight gain.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingPrimary care setting—smoking cessation centre in Prague, Czech Republic.ParticipantsOut of 3537 patients treated between 2005 and 2013, 1050 were continuous abstainers (verified by carbon monoxide measurement) at 1-year follow-up and formed the cohort of the current report. 48.7% were women (n=511) with the mean age of 46 (±14.4) years.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, all patients underwent usual tobacco dependence treatment using evidence-based methods. Weight was measured prior to smoking cessation and at each visit after quitting.ResultsThe mean weight gain in the first month (n=763) was 0.79% (±2.03%), in the second month (n=646) was 1.49% (±2.58%), for the third month (n=566) 2.33% (±3.44%) and 4.1% (±5.31%) after 1-year follow-up (n=1050). The regression coefficient per 1% rise in the first 3 months was +0.13% (95% CI −0.04% to 0.30%). A receiver operating curve analysis showed that patients gaining more than 0.98% of their baseline weight during first 3 months had a sensitivity of 66% and specificity of 44% for gaining 7% or more weight by 12 months. In addition, lower body mass index and an increase in appetite at 3 months after quitting were associated with greater weight gain, while using nicotine replacement therapy was associated with less weight gain at 1-year follow-up.ConclusionsPeople who stop smoking and gain a larger amount of weight early after quitting are not more likely to gain excessively at 1 year.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of prognostic factors for idiopathic inflammatory myopathy-associated interstitial lung disease
Authors: Kamiya Hiroyuki , Panlaqui Ogee Mer , Izumi Shinyu , Sozu Takashi 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveTo clarify prognostic factors for idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM)-associated interstitial lung disease (ILD).DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis using the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation system.Data sourcesMedline, EMBASE and Science Citation Index Expanded were searched through 9 August 2018.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesThe review includes primary studies addressing all-cause mortality of IIM-associated ILD. Potential prognostic factors were any clinical information related to the outcome.Data extraction and synthesisTwo reviewers extracted relevant data independently and assessed risk of bias using the Quality in Prognostic Studies tool. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random effects model and if inappropriate the results were reported qualitatively. Prognostic factors were determined based on statistically significant results derived from multivariate analysis.ResultsOf a total of 5892 articles returned, 32 were deemed eligible for analysis and cumulatively, these studies reported 28 potential prognostic factors for all-cause mortality. Each study was subject to certain methodological constraints. The four prognostic factors, which demonstrated statistically significant results on both univariate and multivariate analyses, were as follows: age (MD 5.90, 3.17–8.63/HR 1.06, 1.02–1.10 and 2.31, 1.06–5.06), acute/subacute interstitial pneumonia (A/SIP) (OR 4.85, 2.81–8.37/HR 4.23, 1.69–12.09 and 5.17, 1.94–13.49), percentage of predicted forced vital capacity (%FVC) (OR 0.96, 0.95–0.98/HR 0.96, 0.93–0.99) and anti-Jo-1 antibody (OR 0.35, 0.18–0.71/HR 0.004, 0.00003–0.54) (univariate/multivariate, 95% CI). Other prognostic factors included ground glass opacity/attenuation (GGO/GGA) and extent of radiological abnormality. The quality of the presented evidence was rated as either low or very low.ConclusionsOlder age, A/SIP, lower value of %FVC, GGO/GGA and extent of radiological abnormality were demonstrated to predict poor prognosis for IIM-associated ILD while a positive test for anti-Jo-1 antibody indicated better prognosis. However, given the weak evidence they should be interpreted with caution.Trial registration numberCRD42016036999.
Effect of dynamically varying zone-based hedging policies on the operational performance of surface water reservoirs during climate change
Authors: Adeloye Adebayo J. , Soundharajan Bankaru-Swamy 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Hedging is universally recognized as a useful operational practice in surface water reservoirs to temporally redistribute water supplies and thereby avoid large, crippling water shortages. When based on the zones of available water in storage, hedging has traditionally involved a static rationing (i.e. supply to demand) ratio. However, given the usual seasonality of reservoir inflows, it is also possible that hedging could be dynamic with seasonally varying rationing ratios. This study examined the effect of static and dynamic hedging policies on the performance of the Pong reservoir in India during a period of climate change. The results show that the reservoir vulnerability was unacceptably high (≥60%) without hedging and that this vulnerability further deteriorated as the catchment became drier due to projected climate change. The time- and volume-based reliabilities were acceptable. The introduction of static hedging drastically reduced the vulnerability to <25%, although the hedging reduction in the water supplied during normal operational conditions was only 17%. Further analyses with dynamic hedging provided only modest improvements in vulnerability. The significance of this study is its demonstration of the effectiveness of hedging in offsetting the impact of water shortages caused by climate change and the fact that static hedging can match more complex dynamic hedging policies.
Dopamine Receptor D5 is a Modulator of Tumor Response to Dopamine Receptor D2 Antagonism
Authors: Prabhu Varun V. , Madhukar Neel S. , Gilvary Coryandar , Kline C. Leah B. , Oster Sophie , El-Deiry Wafik S. , Elemento Olivier , Doherty Faye , VanEngelenburg Alexander , Durrant Jessica , Tarapore Rohinton S. , Deacon Sean , Charter Neil , Jung Jinkyu , Park Deric M. , Gilbert Mark R. , Rusert Jessica , Wechsler-Reya Robert , Arrillaga-Romany Isabel , Batchelor Tracy T. , Wen Patrick Y. , Oster Wolfgang , Allen Joshua E. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Purpose:
Dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) is a G protein–coupled receptor antagonized by ONC201, an anticancer small molecule in clinical trials for high-grade gliomas and other malignancies. DRD5 is a dopamine receptor family member that opposes DRD2 signaling. We investigated the expression of these dopamine receptors in cancer and their influence on tumor cell sensitivity to ONC201.

Experimental Design:
The Cancer Genome Atlas was used to determine DRD2/DRD5 expression broadly across human cancers. Cell viability assays were performed with ONC201 in &gt;1,000 Genomic of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer and NCI60 cell lines. IHC staining of DRD2/DRD5 was performed on tissue microarrays and archival tumor tissues of glioblastoma patients treated with ONC201. Whole exome sequencing was performed in RKO cells with and without acquired ONC201 resistance. Wild-type and mutant DRD5 constructs were generated for overexpression studies.

Results:
DRD2 overexpression broadly occurs across tumor types and is associated with a poor prognosis. Whole exome sequencing of cancer cells with acquired resistance to ONC201 revealed a de novo Q366R mutation in the DRD5 gene. Expression of Q366R DRD5 was sufficient to induce tumor cell apoptosis, consistent with a gain-of-function. DRD5 overexpression in glioblastoma cells enhanced DRD2/DRD5 heterodimers and DRD5 expression was inversely correlated with innate tumor cell sensitivity to ONC201. Investigation of archival tumor samples from patients with recurrent glioblastoma treated with ONC201 revealed that low DRD5 expression was associated with relatively superior clinical outcomes.

Conclusions:
These results implicate DRD5 as a negative regulator of DRD2 signaling and tumor sensitivity to ONC201 DRD2 antagonism.
Tyrosine Phosphorylation of p27Kip1 Correlates with Palbociclib Responsiveness in Breast Cancer Tumor Cells Grown in Explant Culture
Authors: Gottesman Susan R.S. , Somma Jonathan , Tsiperson Vladislav , Dresner Lisa , Govindarajulu Usha , Patel Priyank , Blain Stacy W. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Cdk4-targeting drugs, such as palbociclib, are approved for metastatic ER/PR+, Her2− breast cancer. However, other than loss of retinoblastoma, which is very rare in this subset, there are no biomarkers to predict response. Cyclin D or cdk4 levels are not by themselves indicative, because p27Kip1 is required for cyclin D–cdk4 complex activation. Tyrosine phosphorylation of p27, including modification on residue Y88 (pY88), activates DK4–p27, and the pY88 level correlates with palbociclib responsiveness in cell lines. We developed dual IHC staining for p27 and pY88, and found that benign breast epithelium was negative, while breast cancer biopsies (of varied hormonal status) could be stratified for pY88 status. Lack of pY88 suggested that DK4 was inactive, and that these samples would not have the target required for palbociclib response. Tumor resection material was grown in explant culture, treated with palbociclib, and stained with Ki67 as a marker of response. Explants from the no pY88 group were nonresponsive, while explants from the low or high pY88 group responded to drug.

Implications:
Use of the pY88 biomarker, as a surrogate for cdk4 activity, may identify patients responsive to cdk4-targeting drugs and expand use of this therapy.
Visual Overview: http://mcr.aacrjournals.org/content/molcanres/17/3/669/F1.large.jpg.