bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tracing a Mantle Component in Both Paleo and Modern Fluids Along Seismogenic Faults of Southern Italy
Authors: Zummo Filippo , Agosta Fabrizio , Álvarez‐Valero Antonio M. , Billi Andrea , Buttitta Dario , Caracausi Antonio , Carnevale Gabriele , Marchesini Barbara , Paternoster Michele 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAiming at understanding the source of the fluids that mineralizing within seismically active fault zones, we investigate the noble gas isotopes (i.e., helium (He), neon (Ne), and argon (Ar)) in the fluid inclusions (FIs) trapped in the calcite veins sampled along high‐angle fault zones of the Contursi hydrothermal basin, southern Italy. The latter basin lies in close vicinity of the MW = 6.9, 1980 Irpinia earthquake and exposes numerous fault scarps dissecting Mesozoic shallow‐water carbonates. The analyses of noble gases (He, Ne, Ar) are conducted to identify the origin of the volatiles circulating along the faults at the time of calcite precipitation. Then, outcomes of this discussions are compared with currently outgassing of deep‐sourced CO2 coupled to mantle‐derived He in that area, whose output is larger than those from some volcanic areas worldwide. The results indicate that He in FIs is dominated by a crustal radiogenic component (4He), and by an up to 20% of a mantle‐derived component (3He), with a highest isotopic signature of 1.38 Ra. This value is consistent with the highest percentage of mantle‐derived He associated to high‐flux CO2 gas emission in the investigated area (1.41 Ra). We propose that the variability of the He isotopic signature measured in primary FIs can result from early trapping of fluid inclusions or post trapping processes and seismic activity that modify the pristine He isotopic signature (i.e., derived from the crust and/or mantle) in groundwater along the faults during periods of background seismicity. Such investigations are fundamental to understand fluid migration in fault systems and the role of fluids in processes of earthquake nucleation.
Air‐Sea Turbulent Heat Flux Affects Oceanic Lateral Eddy Heat Transport
Authors: Wu Weiguang , Mahadevan Amala 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) of ocean eddies induces an anomalous air‐sea turbulent heat flux that acts to dampen SSTA. A two‐dimensional SSTA model explores the effect of air‐sea turbulent heat flux, parameterized as SSTA damping, in shaping eddy SSTA patterns. Increased SSTA damping transitions the SSTA pattern from a monopole to dipole, indicating the balance between eddy stirring of the background SST gradient and SSTA damping. The SSTA dipole pattern increases the correlation of eddy velocity and SSTA, but SSTA damping weakens the SSTA, resulting in an optimal damping rate maximizing lateral eddy surface heat transport. Globally, the SSTA damping rate increases toward the equator. In mid‐latitude and high‐latitude regions (e.g., the Kuroshio, the Gulf Stream, and the Southern Ocean), eddy SSTAs are monopoles, while the tropics and subtropics exhibit dipole SSTA patterns due to higher damping rates, facilitating greater lateral eddy heat transport when the SSTA is large.
Mercury's Crustal Porosity as Constrained by the Planet's Bombardment History
Authors: Broquet A. , Rolser F. , Plesa A. C. , Breuer D. , Hussmann H. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractKnowing the structure of the crust is critical to understanding a planet's geologic evolution. Crustal thickness inversions rely on bulk density estimates, which are primarily affected by porosity. Due to the absence of high‐resolution gravity data, Mercury's crustal porosity has remained unknown. Here, we use a model that was calibrated to the Moon to relate Mercury's impact crater population and long‐wavelength crustal porosity in the cratered terrains. Therein, porosity is created by large impacts and then decreased as the surface ages due to pore compaction by smaller impacts and overburden pressure. Our models fit independent gravity‐derived porosity estimates in the northern regions, where data is well resolved. Porosity in the cratered terrains is found to be 9%–18% with an average and standard deviation of 13% 2%, indicating lunar‐like crustal bulk densities of 2,565 70 kg from which updated crustal thickness maps are constructed.
The Comprehensive Response of the Magnetopause to the Impact of an Isolated Magnetosheath High‐Speed Jet
Authors: Ma Jiuqi , Tang Binbin , Gao Xinliang , Li Wenya , Lu Quanming , Guo Wenlong , Guo Jin , Liu Huijie , Wang Chi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe magnetopause is the boundary between the Earth's magnetosphere and the solar wind. Magnetosheath high‐speed jets can impact the magnetopause, causing local indentation and subsequently rebound. However, the comprehensive response of the magnetopause to the impact of a high‐speed jet remains unclear. In this study, we establish that the full spatiotemporal response pattern of the magnetopause to the impact of an isolated magnetosheath high‐speed jet can be characterized as an “Indentation‐Rebounce‐Relaxation” sequence from a statistical view. Based on the pressure balance, we estimate the spatial and temporal scales of the entire response process to range from 0.5 to 3.2 Earth radii and 0.9–4.7 min, respectively. Furthermore, we find that the interaction between the magnetopause and the high‐speed jet during the rebounce phase distorts the magnetopause, subsequently generating pairs of field‐aligned currents. These generated field‐aligned currents may flow to the ionosphere, potentially contributing to magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling.
Characteristics of Longitudinal Discontinuity Over Nighttime Equatorial Ionization Anomaly Crests With Multiple Observations
Authors: Chen Jiawen , Zhong Jiahao , Cai Xuguang , Hao Yongqiang , Cai Lei , Wan Xin , Li Qiaoling , Tang Zijing , Song Xingyan , Han Hao , Kuai Jiawei , Cai Lujin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLongitudinal discontinuity is observed over nighttime equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) crests, characterized by a significant depletion between longitudes. Multiple observations, especially GOLD 135.6‐nm airglow images, are used to investigate the EIA discontinuity in details. Discontinuity events are found more likely to occur in one hemisphere, with a longitudinal width of tens of degrees and prolonged durations of several hours from 19 to 24 LT. The plasma depletion is most conspicuous at low altitudes, near or below the peak height. For the Atlantic sector, the EIA discontinuity is most prevalent between the March Equinox and the September Equinox, with an equinoctial asymmetry of higher occurrence rates around September Equinox. The climatological results indicate that field‐aligned trans‐hemispheric wind plays a predominant role in promoting the discontinuity, which transports the plasma from one hemisphere to the other hemisphere, resulting in potential localized depletion over the EIA crest.
Morphological and Hydrogeological Controls of Groundwater Flows and Water Age Distribution in Mountain Aquifers and Streams
Authors: Betterle A. , Bellin A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMountains are an essential source of the terrestrial component of the hydrological cycle, supplying high‐quality water to river networks and floodplain aquifers, especially during droughts. Traditionally, mountain hydrology has focused on shallow processes, overlooking the significance of deep‐seated rock formations due to characterization challenges. Recent field studies have revealed that fractured rock formations can host rich aquifers despite their low permeability. Nonetheless, it is unclear how deep flows interact with the overall hydrological functioning of mountain areas, how they contribute to the long‐term water budget, and how climate, morphology, and geology jointly control them. Through numerical simulations, we have gained new insights into mountain aquifers, addressing (a) the proportion of groundwater base flow and its age distribution, (b) water storage and its sensitivity to groundwater recharge, (c) the impact of long term mean recharge on the extent of the groundwater‐fed surface drainage network under various morphological and geological settings. We showed that subsurface travel times follow a Gamma distribution, whose parameters are modulated by recharge, hydraulic conductivity, and topography. High recharge and strong decay with depth of the hydraulic conductivity in a hilly topography lead to a shallow water table mimicking the surface topography and spatially distributed low‐intensity outflows that feed a dense drainage network. In rugged catchments, the groundwater contribution intensifies and concentrates in the downstream portion of the river network as recharge declines. These findings can help assess how a changing climate might impact hydrological regimes under various geomorphological conditions and identify sustainable water uses in mountain environments.
Maternal and neonatal risks and outcomes after bariatric surgery: a comparative population based study across BMI categories in Qatar
Authors: Al-Dewik Nader I. , Samara Muthanna , Mahmah Adel , Al-Dewik Aseel , Abou Nahia Seba , Abukhadijah Hana J. , Samara Yahya , Hammuda Sara , Razzaq Aleem , Al-Dweik Manar R. , Alahersh Asma , Moamed Lina , Singh Rajvir , Al-Obaidly Sawsan , Olukade Tawa , Ismail Mohamed A. , Alnaama Alaa , Thomas Binny , Silang John Paul Ben , Nasrallah Gheyath , Rizk Nasser , Qoronfleh MWalid , AlAlami Usama , Farrell Thomas , Abdulrof Palli Valapila , AlQubaisi Mai , Al Rifai Hilal 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe impact of Bariatric Surgery (BS) on maternal and neonatal outcomes among pregnant women is not fully understood, especially in comparison to different weight categories. The primary aim of this study is to assess the factors associated to women who have undergone BS. The study also investigates the maternal and neonatal outcomes amongst this group in comparison to the three Body Mass Index (BMI) groups (women with obesity, overweight and normal weight). A 12-month population-based retrospective study was conducted using registry data from the PEARL-Peristat Study at the Women's Wellness and Research Center (WWRC) in Qatar from January 1, 2017, through December 31, 2017. Both univariate and multivariable regression analyses were employed to scrutinize risk factors and maternal and neonatal outcomes. The study included 6212 parturient women, of which 315 had a history of BS, while 5897 with no BS history. Qatari women, aged 35 and higher, with parity > 1, diabetes, and hypertension were more likely to be in the post-BS group. Women in the post-BS group were found to be more likely to have a cesarean delivery (37.5% vs. 24%, Adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) = 1.59, CI 1.18–2.14), preterm babies (10% vs. 7%, aOR = 1.66, CI 1.06–2.59), and stillbirth (1.6% vs. 0.4%, aOR = 4.53, CI 1.33–15.50) compared to the normal weight women group. Moreover, post-BS women had a higher risk of low-birth-weight neonates than women with obesity (15% vs. 8%, aOR = 1.77, CI 1.153–2.73), overweight (15% vs. 7%, aOR = 1.63, CI 1.09–2.43), and normal weight (15% vs. 8%, aOR = 1.838, CI 1.23–2.75). Finally, women in the post-BS group were more likely to have low-birth-weight neonates amongst term babies than women with obesity and overweight. Pregnancies with post-BS should be considered a high-risk group for certain medical outcomes and should be monitored closely. These findings may guide the future clinical decisions of antenatal and postnatal follow-up for post-BS women.
Floods of Egypt’s Nile in the 21st century
Authors: Badawy Ahmed , Sultan Mohamed , Abdelmohsen Karem , Yan Eugene , Elhaddad Hesham , Milewski Adam , Torres-Uribe Hugo E. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractExtreme precipitation and flooding events are rising globally, necessitating a thorough understanding and sustainable management of water resources. One such setting is the Nile River’s source areas, where high precipitation has led to the filling of Lake Nasser (LN) twice (1998–2003; 2019–2022) in the last two decades and the diversion of overflow to depressions west of the Nile, where it is lost mainly to evaporation. Using temporal satellite-based data, climate models, and continuous rainfall-runoff models, we identified the primary contributor to increased runoff that reached LN in the past two decades and assessed the impact of climate change on the LN’s runoff throughout the twenty-first century. Findings include: (1) the Blue Nile subbasin (BNS) is the primary contributor to increased downstream runoff, (2) the BNS runoff was simulated in the twenty-first century using a calibrated (1965–1992) rainfall-runoff model with global circulation models (GCMs), CCSM4, HadGEM3, and GFDL-CM4.0, projections as model inputs, (3) the extreme value analysis for projected runoff driven by GCMs’ output indicates extreme floods are more severe in the twenty-first century, (4) one adaptation for the projected twenty-first century increase in precipitation (25–39%) and flood (2%-20%) extremes is to recharge Egypt’s fossil aquifers during high flood years.
Spin-Hall conductivity and optical characteristics of noncentrosymmetric quantum spin Hall insulators: the case of PbBiI
Authors: Mortezaei Nobahari Mohammad , Autieri Carmine 
Published: November 2024

AbstractQuantum spin Hall insulators have attracted significant attention in recent years. Understanding the optical properties and spin Hall effect in these materials is crucial for technological advancements. In this study, we present theoretical analyses to explore the optical properties, Berry curvature and spin Hall conductivity of pristine and perturbed PbBiI using the linear combination of atomic orbitals and the Kubo formula. The system is not centrosymmetric and it is hosting at the same time Rashba spin-splitting and quantized spin Hall conductivity. Our calculations reveal that the electronic structure can be modified using staggered exchange fields and electric fields, leading to changes in the optical properties. Additionally, the spin Berry curvature and spin Hall conductivity are investigated as a function of the energy and temperature. The results indicate that due to the small dynamical spin Hall conductivity, generating an ac spin current in the PbBiI requires the use of external magnetic fields or magnetic materials.
Chitosan impregnated sugarcane bagasse biochar for removal of anionic dyes from wastewater
Authors: Akl Magda A. , Serage Asmaa A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWastewater treatment is of utmost importance in providing all equitable and safe drinking water. In the present study, a chitosan impregnated sugarcane bagasse biochar SCNC biocomposite has been synthesized for the removal of Congo red (CR) dye from an aqueous solution. The SCNC biocomposite was thoroughly characterized through Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) and N2 adsorption isotherm, point of zero charge (pHPZC), elemental analysis, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) analysis. Moreover, SCNC biocomposite was further employed to remove CR dye from the aqueous solution in batch mode. The SCNC biocomposite could remove more than 95.0% of CR at an initial concentration of (100mgL− 1), adsorbent dosage (0.05 g), time (200 min), pH ~ 3. The SCNC biocomposite achieved maximum adsorption capacity of 170mgg− 1. The equilibrium adsorption data for CR dye were best fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model with R2, 0.999. The kinetic and isotherm were statistically investigated using the chi-square statistic (χ2 ), mean square error (MSE), and the sum of squares error (SSE) Because of the higher correlation coefficient (R2 ≥ 0.999) and lower error functions, the equilibrium CR adsorption isotherms for a single-dye system fit Langmuir and the PSO kinetic model. The thermodynamic studies revealed the spontaneous and endothermic nature of adsorption of CR dye onto SCNC biocomposite. The SCNC biocomposite can be regenerated up to the 5th cycle successfully. The mechanism of CR adsorption onto SCNC was elucidated.
Complexation by γ-cyclodextrin as a way of improving anticancer potential of sumanene
Authors: Kasprzak Artur , Żuchowska Agnieszka , Sakurai Hidehiro 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Biological applications of sumanene buckybowl molecule have been widely discussed over the years yet remain still unexplored experimentally. On the other hand, creating cyclodextrin-containing supramolecular assemblies was demonstrated to be a powerful tool in terms of designing effective systems for medicinal chemistry purposes. Here, we show that sumanene molecule exclusively forms 1:1 host-guest complexes with γ-cyclodextrin (γCD) or (2-hydroxypropyl)-γ-cyclodextrin (HP-γCD), as revealed by extensive spectroscopic studies supported with density functional theory (DFT) computations. Based on our preliminary biological studies, we discovered that the formation of such complexes resulted in the improvement of anticancer properties of sumanene, expressed by high cell viabilities in vitro of healthy human mammary fibroblasts (HMF) together with low viabilities of human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MDA-MB-231). Improved pharmacokinetic (ADME-Tox) properties for sumanene@γCD and sumanene@HP-γCD complexes in comparison to native sumanene were also supported by in sillico modeling studies. This work provides the method how to focus the cytotoxic action of sumanene toward cancer cells using supramolecular assembly strategy, paving the way to the further exploration of biological properties of sumanene-containing supramolecular systems with bioactive features and applications of this buckybowl in general.
Machine learning for outcome prediction in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation from the GLORIA-AF registry
Authors: Joddrell Martha , El-Bouri Wahbi , Harrison Stephanie L. , Huisman Menno V. , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Zheng Yalin ,   GLORIA-AFinvestigators
Published: November 2024

AbstractClinical risk scores that predict outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) have modest predictive value. Machine learning (ML) may achieve greater results when predicting adverse outcomes in patients with recently diagnosed AF. Several ML models were tested and compared with current clinical risk scores on a cohort of 26,183 patients (mean age 70.13 (standard deviation 10.13); 44.8% female) with non-valvular AF. Inputted into the ML models were 23 demographic variables alongside comorbidities and current treatments. For one-year stroke prediction, ML achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.653 (95% confidence interval 0.576–0.730), compared to the CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc scores performance of 0.587 (95% CI 0.559–0.615) and 0.535 (95% CI 0.521–0.550), respectively. Using ML for one-year major bleed prediction increased the AUC from 0.537 (95% CI 0.518–0.557) generated by the HAS-BLED score to 0.677 (95% CI 0.619–0.724). ML was able to predict one-year and three-year all-cause mortality with an AUC of 0.734 (95% CI 0.696–0.771) and 0.742 (95% CI 0.718–0.766). In this study a significant improvement in performance was observed when transitioning from clinical risk scores to machine learning-based approaches across all applications tested. Obtaining precise prediction tools is desirable for increased interventions to reduce event rates.Trial Registryhttps://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT01468701, NCT01671007, NCT01937377.
Brain network analysis of benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes: With versus without interictal spikes
Authors: Hong Zhixing , Hu Dinghan , Zheng Runze , Jiang Tiejia , Gao Feng , Fang Jiajia , Cao Jiuwen 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBrain networks provided powerful tools for the analysis and diagnosis of epilepsy. This paper performed a pairwise comparative analysis on the brain networks of Benign Childhood Epilepsy with Centrotemporal Spikes (BECTS): spike group (spike), non‐spike group (non‐spike), and control group (control). In this study, fragments with and without interictal spikes in electroencephalograms of 13 BECTS children during non‐rapid eye movement sleep stage I (NREMI) were selected to construct dynamic brain function networks to explore the functional connectivity (FC). Graph theory and statistical analysis were exploited to investigate changes in FC across different brain regions in different frequency bands. From this study, we can draw the following conclusions: (1) Both spike and non‐spike have lower energy in each brain region on the γ band. (2) With the increase of the frequency band, the FC strength of spike, non‐spike and control groups are all weakened. (3) Spikes are correlated with brain network efficiency and the small‐world property. (4) Spikes increase the FC of temporal, parietal and occipital regions except in the γ band and the absence of spikes weakens the FC of the entire brain region.
Trajectory design and transmission optimization for data freshness in UAVs‐assisted WPCNs
Authors: Liu Xiaoying , Liu Huihui , Zhou Biao , Zheng Kechen 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTo address the issues of energy supply and data freshness in the wireless powered communication network (WPCN), the long‐term average age of information (AoI) in an unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)‐assisted WPCN is investigated, where UAVs, fully charged by hybrid access points (HAPs), fly to the hovering points of islands to charge sensor nodes (SNs) and receive data from them, and fly back to offload the received data to the HAPs. Subject to the battery capacity constraint of UAVs, the formulated AoI minimization problem is non‐convex due to discrete variables such as the selected hovering points and continuous variables such as the transmit power of SNs. With geographic locations of HAPs, the WPCN is divided into three areas, and propose an AoI‐based clustering algorithm to cluster islands for UAVs to traverse subject to the battery capacity constraint. As data freshness depends on the flight distance and hovering duration of the UAV, the flight distance and hovering duration‐based selecting hovering points (FHSHP) algorithm is proposed to define the candidate area, where the UAV chooses among candidate hovering points to minimize AoI. The FHSHP algorithm narrows the range of candidate hovering points to choose from, and achieves better tradeoff between the flight distance and the hovering duration of the UAV. Numerical results verify the superiority of the proposed FHSHP algorithm compared with comparison algorithms, and show the impacts of network parameters on the average AoI.
A literature review on the applications of artificial intelligence to European rail transport safety
Authors: Hadj‐Mabrouk Habib 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn accordance with the current European railway regulations and particularly the two directives relating to the interoperability (Directive (EU) 2016/797) and safety (Directive (EU) 2016/798) of the railway system, this literature review proposes to classify artificial intelligence (AI) applications by distinguishing the structural elements (Infrastructure, Energy, Control‐Command‐Signalling and Rolling Stock) and the functional elements (Operation and Traffic Management, Maintenance and Telematics Applications) of the European railway system. Several “classic” AI techniques are implemented, including machine learning (supervised, semi‐supervised, unsupervised), deep learning such as artificial neural networks (ANN), natural language processing (NLP), case‐based reasoning (CBR), etc. However, the inadequacy of these approaches to capitalize, share and reuse the knowledge involved has oriented research towards the development of new approaches based on ontologies and knowledge graphs. This study shows that the stages of data acquisition, modeling, processing and interpretation pose a crucial problem in rail transport. In addition, with complex models described as “black boxes”, it is difficult to understand how the internal reasoning mechanisms of the AI system impact the solution and predictions. The new explainable AI (XAI) approach can possibly provide an element of response to this problem.