bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pro-Apoptotic Effects of Estetrol on Long-Term Estrogen-Deprived Breast Cancer Cells and at Low Doses on Hormone-Sensitive Cells
Authors: Yue Wei , Verhoeven Carole , Bernnink Herjan Coelingh , Wang Ji-ping , Santen Richard J 
Published: May 2019

Purpose: Postmenopausal women with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers often respond initially to tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitor therapy. Resistance to these treatments usually develops within 12 to 18 months. Clinical studies have demonstrated that high-dose estrogen can induce regression of these endocrine-resistant tumors. However, side-effects of high-dose estradiol (E2) or diethylstilbestrol (DES) limit their usage. Estetrol (E4) is the most abundant estrogen during pregnancy and has a long half-life and a low potential for side-effects. Estetrol might then provide benefits similar to DES on tumor regression but with lesser toxicity. Methods: In this study, we systematically evaluated the effects of E4 on cell proliferation and apoptosis in wild-type MCF-7 and long-term estrogen-deprived (LTED) MCF-7 cells and compared its effects with E2 and estriol (E3). Results: Estetrol induced apoptosis in LTED cells but stimulated growth of MCF-7 cells at concentrations from 10−11 to 10−8 M. These effects of E4 are similar to those of E2 but require much higher doses. Differing from E2, E4 at 10−12 M induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells and another pregnancy estrogen, E3, acted similarly. No antagonistic effect of E4 or E3 against E2 occurred when they were combined. Conclusions: The pro-apoptotic effects of E4 and E3 on LTED cells and at low doses on MCF-7 cells indicate that these steroids could be used as therapeutic agents for endocrine-resistant or sensitive breast cancer.
Findings from the first phase of developing a receptive vocabulary test for the Irish language
Authors: O’Toole Ciara , Ní Shíthigh Darina , Molamphy Aisling , Walsh Eibhlin 
Published: May 2019

Aims and objectives: The aim of this study was to develop and pilot a test of receptive vocabulary for bilingual Irish-English-speaking children, based on a model from Welsh. Design/Methodology/Approach: 310 typically developing children aged five, six and seven years took part. The children were all attending Irish-medium education in Irish-dominant Gaeltacht regions and in immersion education schools outside of these regions. Data and Analysis: Participants were identified as being from either bilingual Irish- and English-speaking homes or English-dominant homes. A mixed-factorial analysis of variance found a significant main effect of age and language background, but no interaction. Post hoc comparisons revealed that those from Bilingual-speaking homes had significantly higher Irish receptive vocabulary scores than those from English-dominant homes. Linear regression models showed that the receptive vocabulary scores of children in immersion schools grew by an average of 21 words per year between the ages of five and seven, compared to almost 12 words per year in Gaeltacht schools. Findings/Conclusions: The findings demonstrate the advantages of immersion education and the need for vocabulary enrichment of children in the Gaeltacht. However, the complexities of developing assessments for first language speakers of a minority language that is in conflict with a second language variety of that language and the majority English language are also highlighted. Significance/Implications: The implications of this study are that immersion schooling is advantageous to the Irish vocabulary of children, but that children from Gaeltacht schools may require vocabulary enrichment that is sufficiently complex to address their needs. Limitations: Limitations to this study include the uneven number of children from each language background/school location and incomplete background details from the children, such as socio-economic status and language use amongst peers.
Near infrared oximetry-guided artery–vein classification in optical coherence tomography angiography
Authors: Son Taeyoon , Alam Minhaj , Kim Tae-Hoon , Liu Changgeng , Toslak Devrim , Yao Xincheng 
Published: May 2019

Differential artery–vein analysis is valuable for early detection of diabetic retinopathy and other eye diseases. As a new optical coherence tomography imaging modality, optical coherence tomography angiography provides capillary level resolution for accurate examination of retinal vasculatures. However, differential artery–vein analysis in optical coherence tomography angiography particularly for macular region in which blood vessels are small is challenging. In coordination with an automatic vessel tracking algorithm, we report here the feasibility of using near infrared optical coherence tomography oximetry to guide artery–vein classification in optical coherence tomography angiography of macular region. Impact statement It is known that arteries and veins can be affected by retinal diseases differently. Therefore, quantitative artery–vein analysis holds the promise for better disease detection and treatment evaluation. However, clinical optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) instruments lack the function of differential artery–vein analysis. Here, we report the feasibility of near infrared OCT oximetry-guided artery–vein classification in OCTA. Because the OCT and OCTA are naturally captured from the same instrument simultaneously, the presented method is feasible for practical deployment of differential artery–vein analysis in OCTA.
Thrombectomy for M2 occlusions and the role of the dominant branch
Authors: de Castro Afonso Luís Henrique , Borghini Pazuello Guilherme , Seizem Nakiri Guilherme , Monsignore Lucas Moretti , Antunes Dias Francisco , Pontes-Neto Octávio Marques , Giansante Abud Daniel 
Published: May 2019

Introduction The benefits of thrombectomy for occlusion of M2 segments remain controversial. The aim of this study is to assess thrombectomy’s efficacy and safety in patients with M2 segment occlusion and associations between occlusion sites and anatomic variations of M1 division. Materials and methods A prospective series of 30 patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) resulting from M2 segment occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) who underwent thrombectomy was analyzed. The primary endpoint was assessed by the Extended Treatment in Cerebral Infarction scale (eTICI). The secondary endpoints were the incidence of symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation (sICH), mortality and good functional outcome at three months. Results The mean patient age was 69.2 years. The mean National Institutes Health Stroke Scale score (NIHSS) upon hospital admission was 16. The recanalization rates were eTICI 2b/3 in 90% and 2c/3 in 60% of the patients. Total recanalization of the M2 branch was achieved in 53% of patients. sICH incidence was 6.6%, the mortality rate was 30%, and a good functional outcome (mRS ≤2) was observed in 50% of the patients. Twenty-seven patients (90%) had a dominant M2 branch and all were occluded. Regarding the site of M2 occlusions, 74% of patients had proximal M2 occlusions. Conclusions Thrombectomy appears to be a safe and effective method for the treatment of acute M2 segment occlusions of the MCA. Most of the cases had a dominant M2 branch, and all of them were occluded. Larger studies are needed to verify the benefits of thrombectomy for different settings of M2 occlusions.
Cortical thickness, white matter hyperintensities, and cognition after stroke
Authors: Dickie David Alexander , Gardner Kirstyn , Wagener Annika , Wyss Annick , Arba Francesco , Wardlaw Joanna M , Dawson Jesse ,   on behalf of the VISTA-Prevention Collaborators**
Published: May 2019

Background A thinner cerebral cortex is associated with higher white matter hyperintensity burden and cognitive impairment in community-dwelling and dementia cohorts. It is important to assess these associations in people with ischemic stroke because their cerebrovascular disease profiles are different to these cohorts. Aims We aimed to determine whether cortical thickness was related to white matter hyperintensity burden and cognition after ischemic stroke. Methods We measured cortical thickness using advanced normalization tools' “KellyKapowski” function in 244 patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack from the Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive. We measured white matter hyperintensity burden via quantitative volumes and Fazekas score. We extracted data on vascular risk factors at baseline and Mini Mental State Examination scores at one year. We assessed associations between imaging and clinical data using correlation and multiple linear regression. Results Pairwise correlation showed that higher white matter hyperintensity Fazekas score was associated with a thinner cortex (rho = −0.284, P < 0.0001). White matter hyperintensities were generally distributed adjacent to and above the lateral ventricles. Voxel-wise analyses showed statistically significant negative associations between cortical thickness and white matter hyperintensities across fronto-temporal and inferior parietal cortical regions. Mean cortical thickness was positively related to Mini Mental State Examination in pair-wise correlation (r = 0.167, P = 0.0088) but there was no independent association after adjustment for age and white matter hyperintensities (beta = 0.016, P = 0.7874). Conclusions Cortical thickness was not an independent predictor of cognition after ischemic stroke. Further work is required to understand how white matter hyperintensities are associated with a thinner cortex in temporal regions but less so in more superior regions where white matter hyperintensities are generally found in people with stroke.
Dual Mobility Acetabular Cup Versus Hemiarthroplasty in Treatment of Displaced Femoral Neck Fractures in Elderly Patients: Comparative Study and Results at Minimum 3-Year Follow-up
Authors: Ukaj Skender , Zhuri Osman , Ukaj Fatime , Podvorica Vlora , Grezda Kushtrim , Caton Jacques , Prudhon Jean Louis , Krasniqi Shaip 
Published: May 2019

Background: Hip fractures are serious injuries associated with relatively high mortality rates and disabilities, commonly seen in elderly persons. There is an ongoing debate regarding the advantages of various hip arthroplasty devices. This study aimed to analyze the long-term advantages of 2 different surgical procedures and assess if the dislocation rate, Harris Hip Score (HHS), and functional independence measure (FIM) are more favorable in dual mobility (DM) than those in hemiarthroplasty (HA). Hypothesis: Dual mobility procedures provide better postoperative outcomes than HA in terms of HHS, FIM, and dislocation rate. Materials and Methods: The survey was a prospective, comparative interventional single-blinded study performed at the University Clinical Center of Kosovo, a tertiary health-care institution. A total of 94 patients underwent DM or conventional bipolar HA for repair of displaced femoral neck fractures within 2 weeks of injury. Primary outcomes were postoperative dislocation rate, FIM, and HHS. Secondary outcomes included duration of surgery, estimated intraoperative blood loss, time to first postoperative full weight-bearing, time to walking ability with and without crutches, mortality rate, and postoperative infection rate. Results: There were no significant differences for most parameters between the groups. We found a significant difference in the dislocation rate between the 2 groups, wherein there were no dislocations in the DM group and 3 dislocations in the HHS group (0% vs 6.4%). In terms of postoperative HHS at 12 months and 3 years, DM provided better outcomes (<0.034 and <0.014, respectively). Discussion: Dual mobility compares favorably to HA in terms of dislocation rate and HHS, while no difference was found for FIM. In order to have a more complete overview, we recommend more intense long-term studies including several heterogeneous parameters to compare the clinical outcomes between DM and HA. Level of evidence (with study design): Level II.
Pentraxin 3 regulates neutrophil infiltration to the brain during neuroinflammation
Authors: Rajkovic Ivana , Wong Raymond , Lemarchand Eloise , Tinker Rory , Allan Stuart M. , Pinteaux Emmanuel 
Published: May 2019

Introduction: The acute phase protein pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is known for its anti-inflammatory effects through downregulating neutrophil transmigration during peripheral inflammation. Furthermore, we have previously demonstrated a neuroprotective and neuroreparative effect of PTX3 after cerebral ischaemia. Here we investigated, to our knowledge for the first time, the role of PTX3 in neutrophil transmigration and neurotoxicity following lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cerebral inflammation and cerebral ischaemia. Methods: Neutrophil transmigration through interleukin-1β (IL-1β) activated brain endothelium and neurotoxicity of neutrophils isolated from wild-type (WT) or PTX3 knock-out (KO) mice was assessed in vitro. Primary cortical neuronal death after treatment with transmigrated neutrophils was quantified by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. Cerebral inflammation or ischemia was induced in WT and PTX3 KO mice via intrastriatal LPS injection or by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) respectively. Subsequent neutrophil infiltration in the brain was assessed by immunohistochemistry and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Neutrophils isolated from WT mice after intrastriatal LPS injection transmigrated significantly more through IL-1β activated brain endothelium compared to neutrophils from PTX3 KO mice. Transmigrated WT and PTX3 KO neutrophils were significantly more neurotoxic than corresponding non-transmigrated neutrophils; however, no significant differences in neurotoxicity between genotypes were observed. PTX3 reduced the number of transmigrated neutrophils to the brain after intrastriatal LPS injection. Furthermore, PTX3 KO mice showed significantly increased levels of neutrophils in the brain after LPS administration or in the ischaemic hemisphere after MCAo, compared to WT mice. Conclusion: Our study shows that PTX3 regulates neutrophil transmigration in the CNS during neuroinflammation, demonstrating the potential of PTX3 as an effective therapeutic target in neuroinflammatory conditions.
The association between health literacy and pesticide use behaviors among sweet corn farmers in the Pak Chong district of Thailand: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Pobhirun Theerachai , Pinitsoontorn Somdej 
Published: May 2019

Background: Pesticide toxicity is an important health problem in Thailand due to the intensive use of hazardous pesticides. This study aimed to determine and discuss patterns of pesticide use, health literacy, pesticide use behaviors and whether there is an association between health literacy and pesticide use behaviors among sweet corn farmers in the Pak Chong district, Thailand. Methods: This work was carried out between May 2017-July 2017 and 161 participants were enrolled. Participant questionnaires were completed during face-to-face interviews. Results: This study found the response rate was 98.98%. 161 farmers were interviewed about patterns of chemical pesticide use. Two of the pesticides used in the pre-planting phase were moderately toxic: paraquat (used by 55.2% of farmers) and imidacloprid (used by 15.5% of farmers). In the pre-emergence phase, participants reported using two moderately toxic pesticides: alachlor (used by 48.8% of farmers) and chlorpyrifos (used by 2.4% of farmers). At the post-emergence phase, participants reported using six moderately toxic pesticides: chlorpyrifos (used by 60.7% of farmers), paraquat (used by 38.1% of farmers), imidacloprid (used by 7.2% of farmers), 2-4D (used by 3.6% of farmers), abamectin (used by 3.6% of farmers) and cypermethrin (used by 1.2% of farmers). Health literacy levels were moderate level (Mean score = 91.62, SD = ± 7.06) and pesticide use behaviors were low level (Mean score = 67.80, SD = ± 4.04). When examining the association between health literacy and pesticide use behaviors, we found that functional literacy was significantly associated with pesticide use behaviors. This suggests that health literacy, which includes self-management and decision-making skills, should be given greater attention as pesticide use behaviors were unsafe. Conclusion: It may be necessary to develop approaches to reduce pesticide use and promote health literacy, thereby protecting farmers, consumers, the environment (soil, water, and air) and ecosystems from pesticide-related hazards.
Case Report: Concomitant coronary stent and femoral artery thrombosis in the setting of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
Authors: Ben Messaoud Mejdi , Maatouk Mezri , Boussaada Mohamed Mehdi , Mahjoub Marouane , Mnari Walid , Gamra Habib 
Published: May 2019

Heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a rare but potentially life threatening adverse drug reaction. We report an unusual case of concomitant subacute coronary stent and femoral artery thrombosis secondary to HIT. In the current era of extensive growth of heparin use and percutaneous coronary interventions, it’s important for clinicians to remember that such complication might occur and should be prevented.
The yield of continuous EEG monitoring in the intensive care unit at a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia: A retrospective study
Authors: Tayeb Haythum O. 
Published: May 2019

Background: The practice of continuous EEG monitoring (CEEG) in the intensive care unit (ICU) has been spreading over the past decade. Building an effective ICU CEEG program with sufficient quality demands adequate EEG equipment and significant human resources. While this is available in large tertiary care centers where the practice of CEEG has developed, it may not be available in developing healthcare systems. This study sought to provide data generated from a CEEG program in the adult ICU at a tertiary healthcare center in Saudi Arabia, shedding light on the real-life utility of CEEG in a developing healthcare system. Methods: This is a retrospective review of CEEG findings, along with mortality and duration of hospitalization of patients who had CEEG during a 12-month period at the adult ICU at the King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Results: A total of 202 CEEG records were identified. A total of 52 patients had non-convulsive seizures (NCS); 10 clearly fulfilled criteria for non-convulsive status epilepticus. There were 120 patients that had clinical seizures upon presentation. Among them, 36 (30%) had NCS on EEG. The proportion of patients who were deceased at 60 days was higher in patients who had NCS (42%) than those who didn’t (26%, χ2 (2, n=200)= 4.4, p=0.03). The duration of hospital stay was longer for those who had periodic or rhythmic CEEG patterns (χ2 (2, n=200)= 7.6, p=0.02) but there was no significant relationship with mortality at 60 days. Conclusion: This study demonstrates a real-world experience from a tertiary care center in Saudi Arabia, a developing healthcare system. Findings are consistent with prior experience with ICU CEEG, demonstrating that finding ictal, rhythmic or periodic patterns is associated with morbidity and mortality. Further studies are needed to demonstrate how the practice of CEEG may alter patient outcomes.
Bridging the gap between the near and the far: Displacement and representation
Authors: Nijk Arjan A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis article discusses the use of proximal deictic expressions to designate distal entities, focusing on the use of the present tense to designate past events. Cognitive approaches to this issue assume that such usages presuppose a special conceptual construal, in which the spatio-temporal distance between the ground and the designated event space is bridged in some way. In this paper, I argue that there are two distinct ways in which this may be accomplished. One is through mentally displacing the ground to the distal space, so that the designated events become proximal in relation to this alternative ground. The other involves bringing the distal space into the ground in the form of a representation. I describe the distinctive characteristics of the two scenarios, showing both where they converge and at what point the difference becomes relevant for linguistic analysis.
Ohne Gewähr oder: Die unsichere Zukunft
Authors: Zirfas Jörg 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Der Artikel geht der Frage nach, welches Unsicherheitspotential die Vorstellungen von Zukunft in der Moderne haben. Dabei werden unterschiedliche Perspektiven bemüht, die von der Philosophie über die Soziologie bis zur Geschichtsforschung reichen und auf Analytiken, Programmatiken und Zeiterfahrungen von Zukunft abheben. Ausgehend von der Neubestimmung der Zukunft als Zeitalter des Offenen und Neuen seit der Aufklärung wird deutlich, dass Zukunftswissen nicht mehr ausreicht, um (zukünftige) Probleme in einer gültigen und belastbaren Form umfassend zu bestimmen; es reicht auch nicht aus, um Wege und Methoden zu benennen, die die kalkulierten Risiken einer Lösung entgegenführen, und es reicht schließlich auch nicht aus, um alle (kontingenten) Nebenwirkungen exakt vorhersehen zu können. Das verdeutlichen die Debatten um die Erkennbarkeit und Unerkennbarkeit sowie die Diskussion um die Offenheit der Zukunft angesichts der Gegenwartsschrumpfung bzw. der Gegenwartserstreckung. Vor diesem Hintergrund avancieren das Nichtwissen und Nichtwissenwollen zu Potenzialen eines kontingenz-, innovations- und risikobewussten Zukunftsbezugs. Schließlich werden Möglichkeiten des Umgangs mit der Unsicherheit der Zukunft in der Moderne anhand von vier Praktiken vorgestellt: Zaudern, Verhindern, Versprechen und Hoffen.
Ein sicheres Leben lohnt sich ja kaum!
Authors: Körner Jürgen 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Die wesentlichen Schritte kindlicher Entwicklung gelingen in der Bewältigung von ängstigenden Situationen: Mit der Konsolidierung des „Kern-Selbst“ bewältigt das Kind die Angst, den lebensnotwendigen Anderen zu verlieren, mit der Fähigkeit zur Perspektivenübernahme überwindet es die Angst vor der Unberechenbarkeit seiner Mitmenschen und mit der Errichtung seines Gewissens bändigt es die Angst vor seinen eigenen triebhaften und dissozialen Impulsen. So ist es nicht allein die Erfahrung einer liebevollen Zuwendung, die das Kind zu Wachstum und Entwicklung ermutigt; ebenso notwendig ist es, dass es die unvermeidlichen Erlebnisse des Verlustes und der Enttäuschung bewältigt.
Negative Therapeutik
Authors: Rugenstein Kai 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Der Beitrag führt die Unterscheidung zwischen einer auf Unsicherheitsbeseitigung ausgerichteten Logik des Machens und einer auf Unsicherheitsnutzung zielenden Logik des Lassens ein. Diese Unterscheidung wird auf den Bereich psychologischer Therapeutik angewendet, wobei Sokrates als erster und paradigmatischer Praktiker einer der Logik des Lassens folgenden therapeutischen Methode gedeutet wird. Der therapeutische Raum, so die weitere Argumentation, lässt sich mit Freud als ein negativer verstehen. Neben Freuds „gleichschwebender Aufmerksamkeit“ wird ergänzend auf John Keats’ poetologisches Konzept der „negative capability“ zurückgegriffen. Ein abschließender Teil erörtert Konsequenzen für den therapeutischen Prozess und das therapeutische Selbstverständnis.