bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxygen‐Assisted Tailoring of Evaporated PbS Hole Transport Layer for Highly Efficient Antimony Sulfide Solar Cells
Authors: Cai Jin‐Rui , Huang Zi‐Heng , Huang Wei‐Qin , Liu Ling‐Jie , Li Hu , Lin Li‐Mei , Zhan Ya‐Lu , Xia Ying‐Sen , Chen Shui‐Yuan , Chen Gui‐Lin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAntimony sulfide (Sb2S3) is regarded as one of the potential candidates for the next generation of photovoltaic absorber due to its excellent photoelectric properties. However, the selection and optimization of the hole transport layer (HTL) is still a major challenge for efficiency breakthrough of the Sb2S3 solar cells. In this work, lead sulfide (PbS) is deposited as a HTL of the Sb2S3 device by thermal evaporation for the first time. A high quality PbS films is conformally coated on the Sb2S3 rear surface by regulating the feeding amount, which thanks to the mass transfer mechanism of Ostwald ripening by scrutinizing the film growth kinetics. Meanwhile, both the valence band maximum (VBM) and Fermi levels are shifted down by a deliberate oxygen doping under a low vacuum ambient, which effectively reduces the offset between Sb2S3 and carbon electrode and then accelerates hole collection. Finally, it delivers an impressive photovoltaic conversion efficiency of 6.63% for carbon‐based Sb2S3 solar cells, coupled with a Voc of 779 mV, Jsc of 14.9 mA cm−2 and FF of 57.13%, which is 13% higher than that under high vacuum condition.
Effect of Different Molten Salts on Structure and Water Splitting Performance of Al‐Doped Fillet Polyhedral SrTiO3
Authors: Wang Chuyu , Jia Qibo , Zhang Xiaodong , Chen Xi , Wang Yang , Yu Gangqiang , Duan Dongping 
Published: December 2024

AbstractStrontium titanium (SrTiO3) is a promising photocatalyst, but enhancing the separation, migration, and utilization of photocarriers, requires SrTiO3 with exposed anisotropic facets and minimal defect density. Here, we used NaCl and SrCl2 as fluxes to synthesize fillet polyhedral SrTiO3 particles, with Al3+ selectively adsorbed as the morphology regulator on high‐energy crystal facets. Notably, Al‐doped SrTiO3 synthesized in SrCl2 exhibits regular polyhedral morphology with {100}, {110}, and high‐index {112} facets, showing high surface activity, low internal defect density, and superior photocatalytic performance. The excellent performance is attributed to the spatial separation of photocarriers on different crystal facets. In situ photodeposition experiments confirmed that photogenerated electrons were concentrated on the {100} facets, while holes were concentrated on the {110} and {112} facets, effectively impeding recombination. After loading RhCrOx/CoOx, Al‐doped SrTiO3 synthesized in SrCl2 achieves a hydrogen evolution rate of 255 µmol h−1, 64 times higher than that of Al‐doped SrTiO3 synthesized in NaCl. Additionally, increasing amounts of cocatalysts further enhances the photocatalytic performance, with the average hydrogen evolution rate of SrTiO3 reaching 319 µmol h⁻¹, an apparent quantum yield of 3.5% at 365 nm, and a solar‐to‐ hydrogen value of 0.181%. This discovery offers new insights into designing efficient photocatalysts for hydrogen production.
Ultrafast Self‐Gelling, Adhesive, Anti‐Bacterial Coacervate‐Based Powders for Enhanced Hemostasis and Wound Healing
Authors: Zhou Hui , Kong Bin , Cheng Yi , Meng Si , Dong Haifeng , Qi Cheng , Kong Tiantian , Zhao Yuanjin , Liu Zhou 
Published: December 2024

AbstractUncontrolled hemorrhage, especially in non‐compressible and deep wounds, remains a critical issue in emergency and surgical care. Existing hemostatic powders often lack rapid gelation, mechanical robustness, and adequate adherence, increasing the risk of rebleeding under high‐pressure blood flow. To address these limitations, PQPP, a novel self‐gelling hemostatic material composed of polyacrylamide/quaternized chitosan coacervates and polydopamine nanoparticles is developed. PQPP can rapidly absorb blood within 2 s, undergoes in situ gelation, and forms a robust adhesive hydrogel to effectively seal wounds. Its efficacy stems from the electrostatic adsorption and catechol functional groups of polydopamine nanoparticles. Importantly, PQPP exhibits high burst pressure resistance, excellent blood cell aggregation capability, outstanding biocompatibility, and antibacterial properties. Comprehensive in vitro and in vivo studies, including cytotoxicity and blood compatibility tests, as well as trials in mouse liver, heart, and vascular injury models, demonstrate PQPP's superior hemostatic performance under high‐pressure conditions without causing inflammation. With its rapid gelation, robust adhesion, and mechanical integrity, PQPP represents a promising hemostatic material for immediate wound management in surgical and emergency applications.
Renovating Stability and Performance in Magnetorheological Fluids Through Particle Size and Shape Anisotropy
Authors: Kim Hyong‐Jun , Seo Yongsok 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMagnetorheological (MR) fluids are smart materials consisting of magnetic particles in a non‐magnetic medium, undergoing phase transitions under a magnetic field to generate yield stress. However, sedimentation and limited particle content hinder their industrial application, balancing high yield stress with stability. This study introduces an innovative MR slurry using Sendust particles, achieving superior yield stress and sedimentation stability compared to traditional systems. Flake Sendust particles demonstrate enhanced yield stress at low magnetic fields due to their lower demagnetization factor, outperforming bulk Sendust despite lower packing volumes. These findings emphasize the critical role of particle morphology in optimizing MR fluid performance. The slurry maintains its magnetorheological properties while offering tunable yield stress, making it suitable for diverse applications. This research addresses traditional trade‐offs in MR fluid design, paving the way for advanced MR slurries in sensors, actuators, energy harvesters, haptic devices, and biomedical systems.
Treatment of a chronic tarsometatarsal luxation in a cat by partial tarsal arthrodesis using biaxial plating
Authors: Philips Ryan G. , Jerram Richard M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA 2‐year‐old, male, neutered, Maine Coon crossbreed cat, weighing 4.2 kg, presented to a referral veterinary hospital for an open tarsometatarsal fracture‐luxation of the right pelvic limb and a coxofemoral joint luxation of the left pelvic limb. The cat had been missing for 7 weeks before being recovered with multiple orthopaedic injuries. The cat underwent surgical treatment for the coxofemoral luxation with femoral head and neck ostectomy and treatment of the tarsometatarsal fracture‐luxation with partial tarsal arthrodesis utilising biaxial plating. Explantation of the lateral partial tarsal arthrodesis plate occurred 4 months later due to an intermittent seropurulent draining tract associated with the implant. The owners reported that the cat had returned to normal activity 6 months later, with no evidence of lameness in either pelvic limb or re‐development of a draining sinus. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first case report of partial tarsal arthrodesis utilising biaxial plating in a cat.
Magnetohydrodynamics of couple stress Casson fluid flow in a channel with stretching wall in the presence of dissipative and radiative heat transfer
Authors: Kumar Premful , Nandkeolyar Raj 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the unsteady magnetohydrodynamic flow of a couple stress Casson fluid between two parallel sheets where the heat transfer mechanism is incorporated with the influences of heat radiation, viscous dissipation, and Joule heating. The fluid flow is induced due to bi‐directional stretching of the lower sheet of the channel. The mathematical model of the physical problem is governed by highly nonlinear coupled partial differential equations with boundary conditions that are then transformed into highly nonlinear ordinary differential equations with boundary conditions using well‐defined similarity variables. The authors have used the well‐known computational technique called the spectral successive linearization method (SLM) to solve the obtained ordinary differential equations subject to the boundary conditions. Graphs and tables show the effects of non‐dimensional parameters on the important physical quantities such as the velocity and temperature profiles, and coefficients of skin‐frictions and heat transfer. The quadratic regression method is used to perform statistical analysis of Nusselt number and skin friction coefficients. The present investigation has significant applications in different problems of biomedical engineering, clinical sciences, industrial manufacturing processes, and so forth.
The effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on the incidence of type 2 diabetes in healthy older adults not at high risk for diabetes (FIND): a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Virtanen Jyrki K. , Hantunen Sari , Kallio Niko , Lamberg-Allardt Christel , Manson JoAnn E. , Nurmi Tarja , Pihlajamäki Jussi , Uusitupa Matti , Voutilainen Ari , Tuomainen Tomi-Pekka 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Vitamin D insufficiency is associated with an elevated risk of type 2 diabetes, but evidence from randomised trials on the benefits of vitamin D supplementation is limited, especially for average-risk populations. The Finnish Vitamin D Trial (FIND) investigated the effects of vitamin D3 supplementation at two different doses on the incidence of type 2 diabetes in a generally healthy older adult population.

Methods
FIND was a 5 year randomised placebo-controlled, parallel-arm trial among 2271 male and female participants aged ≥60 years and ≥65 years, respectively, from a general Finnish population who were free of CVD or cancer and did not use diabetes medications. The study had three arms: placebo, 1600 IU/day of vitamin D3 or 3200 IU/day of vitamin D3. A non-study group statistician carried out sex-stratified simple randomisation in a 1:1:1 ratio, based on computerised random number generation. The participants, investigators and study staff were masked to group assignment. National health registries were used to collect event data. A representative subcohort of 505 participants had more detailed in-person investigations at months 0, 6, 12 and 24.

Results
During the mean follow-up of 4.2 years, there were 38 (5.0%), 31 (4.2%) and 36 (4.7%) type 2 diabetes events in the placebo (n=760), 1600 IU/day vitamin D3 (n=744; vs placebo: HR 0.81; 95% CI 0.50, 1.30) and 3200 IU/day vitamin D3 (n=767; vs placebo: HR 0.92, 95% CI 0.58, 1.45) arms, respectively (p-trend=0.73). When the two vitamin D3 arms were combined and compared with the placebo arm, the HR was 0.86 (95% CI 0.58, 1.29). In the analyses stratified by BMI (<25 kg/m2 [n=813, number of type 2 diabetes events=12], 25–30 kg/m2 [n=1032, number of events=38], ≥30 kg/m2 [n=422, number of events=54]), the HRs in the combined vitamin D3 arms vs the placebo were 0.43 (95% CI 0.14, 1.34), 0.97 (0.50, 1.91) and 1.00 (0.57, 1.75), respectively (p-interaction <0.001). In the subcohort, the mean (SD) baseline serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) concentration was 74.5 (18.1) nmol/l. After 12 months, the concentrations were 72.6 (17.7), 99.3 (20.8) and 120.9 (22.1) nmol/l in the placebo, 1600 IU/day vitamin D3 and 3200 IU/day vitamin D3 arms, respectively. In the subcohort, no differences were observed in changes in plasma glucose or insulin concentrations, BMI or waist circumference during the 24 month follow-up (p values ≥0.19).

Conclusion/interpretation
Among generally healthy older adults who are not at high risk for diabetes and who have serum 25(OH)D3 levels that are sufficient for bone health, vitamin D3 supplementation did not significantly reduce the risk of developing diabetes.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01463813.

Graphical Abstract
Paraxanthine enhances memory and neuroplasticity more than caffeine in rats
Authors: Jäger Ralf , Abou Sawan Sidney , Orrú Marco , Tinsley Grant M. , Purpura Martin , Wells Shawn D. , Liao Kylin , Godavarthi Ashok 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Paraxanthine (PXN) is the main metabolite of caffeine (CAF). PXN supplementation has been shown to increase measures of cognition, memory, reasoning, response time, and sustained attention; however, no preclinical study has compared the effects of PXN with those of CAF. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of PXN and CAF on memory and related biomarkers in rats. The effects of two different doses of PXN (PXN LOW, PXN HIGH), CAF (CAF HIGH), and a control group on cognition (escape latency in the Morris water maze test), neurotransmitters (acetylcholine, dopamine, and gamma-aminobutyric acid), and neurochemicals (BDNF, catalase, glutathione, and cyclic GMP) were analyzed from whole brain samples in young (8 weeks old) and aged (16 months old) rats. Compared to the control group, escape latency improved in PXN LOW, PXN HIGH, and CAF HIGH (all P < 0.05) in young animals, and in PXN HIGH and CAF HIGH in older animals (P < 0.001). PXN HIGH improved escape latency compared to CAF HIGH in both young (P < 0.001) and old animals (P = 0.003). BDNF levels increased in PXN LOW, PXN HIGH, and CAF HIGH (all P < 0.001), with PXN HIGH increasing BDNF to a greater extent compared to CAF HIGH (P = 0.03). PXN HIGH also significantly increased BDNF levels compared to PXN LOW (P < 0.001). All other neurotransmitters and neurochemicals significantly increased in the PXN HIGH and CAF HIGH groups compared to the control. In conclusion, PXN showed greater improvements in cognition and BDNF levels compared to CAF, further substantiating PXN as a nootropic with greater benefits compared to CAF.
Larval dispersal predictions are highly sensitive to hydrodynamic modelling choices
Authors: Choukroun Severine , Stewart Owen B. , Mason Luciano B. , Bode Michael 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Larval dispersal is a critical ecological process in marine ecosystems, responsible for connecting and replenishing populations in patchy habitat. Because empirical measurements of larval dispersal are very challenging, coupled biological and oceanographic simulations (“biophysical models”) of larval dispersal are commonly used to answer ecological questions and support conservation management decisions. In the process of creating biophysical models, a series of choices must be made that do not have a single correct answer—sometimes because the oceanographic or ecological processes are uncertain; sometimes because trade-offs are required between different goals (e.g. computational time versus spatial resolution). In this paper, we demonstrate that larval dispersal estimates at management scales are strongly affected by these choices. Using three different hydrodynamic models of the Great Barrier Reef, we estimated the dispersal of crown-of-thorns starfish larvae in the spawning seasons between 2018 and 2021. Despite sharing similar physical forcings and using similar models of larval behaviour, we find that the different hydrodynamic models produce divergent predictions of larval dispersal between the reefs. If used to support crown-of-thorns starfish control decisions, these different predictions would recommend different priority reefs. Our results caution against the use of single models of larval dispersal, and suggest that multi-model ensembles may offer a valuable new perspective on dispersal patterns in marine environments.
Impact of repetitive, ultra-short soft X-ray pulses from processing of steel with ultrafast lasers on human cell cultures
Authors: Holland Julian , Lungu Cristiana , Weber Rudolf , Emperle Max , Graf Thomas 
Published: December 2024

AbstractUltrafast lasers, with pulse durations below a few picoseconds, are of significant interest to the industry, offering a cutting-edge approach to enhancing manufacturing processes and enabling the fabrication of intricate components with unparalleled accuracy. When processing metals at irradiances exceeding the evaporation threshold of about 1010 W/cm² these processes can generate ultra-short, soft X-ray pulses with photon energies above 5 keV. This has prompted extensive discussions and regulatory measures on radiation safety. However, the impact of these ultra-short X-ray pulses on molecular pathways in the context of living cells, has not been investigated so far. This paper presents the first molecular characterization of epithelial cell responses to ultra-short soft X-ray pulses, generated during processing of steel with an ultrafast laser. The laser provided pulses of 6.7 ps with a pulse repetition rate of 300 kHz and an average power of 500 W. The irradiance was 1.95 ×1013 W/cm2. Ambient exposure of vitro human cell cultures, followed by imaging of the DNA damage response and fitting of the data to a calibrated model for the absorbed dose, revealed a linear increase in the DNA damage response relative to the exposure dose. This is in line with findings from work using continuous wave soft X-ray sources and suggests that the ultra-short X-ray pulses do not generate additional hazard. This research contributes valuable insights into the biological effects of ultrafast laser processes and their potential implications for user safety.
Risk of pneumonia among children with cleft palate before and after palatoplasty: a population-based study
Authors: Eyni Yotam , Kerman Tomer , Danino Dana , Goldbart Aviv , Silberstein Eldad 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Pneumonia remains the primary cause of mortality among children under age 5. Cleft palate (CP) poses various challenges including velopharyngeal disfunction, potentially increasing rates of pneumonia. However, clinical evidence linking pneumonia to defect is lacking. This study aims to assess the prevalence of pneumonia and lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) among CP patients through a population-based approach. This retrospective cohort study was conducted using medical records from Clalit Health Services in Israel, 2013–2022, encompassing population of 138,261 infants, including 166 with CP. We investigated the prevalence of pneumonia and other infectious diseases before and after palatoplasty, employing Poisson regression models adjusted for multiple demographic and clinical variables. A sibling comparison study was also conducted, analyzing 129 preoperative and 55 postoperative pairs. The preoperative analysis revealed an increased risk of pneumonia (relative risk [RR]: 5.8, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.93–8.19), lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) (RR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.12–2.06), and urinary tract infections (UTI) (RR: 5.27, 95% CI: 3.23–8.03) in children with CP compared to controls. Following surgical repair, a statistically significant but reduced risk for pneumonia persisted up to 5 years (RR: 2.55, 95% CI: 1.59–3.84). Sibling comparison analyses underscored an elevated pneumonia risk compared to CP siblings preoperatively (RR: 7.07, 95% CI: 2.48–29.8). Postoperatively, the RR decreased and was no longer statistically significant (RR: 1.44, 95% CI: 0.49–4.75).

Conclusion: Patients with CP are at higher risk for pneumonia, and the magnitude of risk may be reduced after palatoplasty.

What is Known:
• Cleft palate (CP) disrupts the separation of the nasal and oral cavities, leading to food regurgitation into the nasal cavity and theoretically may lead to respiratory tract infections.
• The association between CP and respiratory tract infections has yet to be assessed thoroughly.

What is New:
• This population-based study has shown that CP is an independent risk factor for pneumonia.
• The risk for pneumonia among CP patients is lowered after surgical repair of the defect.
Combined lifestyle factors on mortality and cardiovascular disease among cancer survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies
Authors: Zhu Chunsu , Lian Zhiwei , Arndt Volker , Thong Melissa S. Y. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Lifestyle factors in cancer survivors are frequently studied individually even though they are often interconnected. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the association of combined lifestyle factors on health outcomes among cancer survivors.

Methods
EMBASE, PubMed and Web of Science were searched up to March 2024. Cohort studies examining the associations of at least three combined lifestyle factors with mortality (all-cause/cancer-specific) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) among cancer survivors, were selected. Pooled hazard ratios (pHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using random effects models. Tests for heterogeneity and publication bias were conducted.

Results
Twenty-two studies involving 209,659 survivors with an average follow-up duration ranging from 4.1 to 29.1 years were included. pHRs(95%CI) comparing cancer survivors with the healthiest lifestyles versus those with the least healthy lifestyles were 0.57 (0.51–0.65) for all-cause mortality, 0.70 (0.61–0.80) for cancer-specific mortality, and 0.53 (0.46–0.63) for CVD incidence. These associations were largely consistent across subgroup analyses. Colorectal cancer survivors with the healthiest lifestyle experienced 37% lower all-cause mortality and 25% lower cancer-specific mortality, while breast cancer survivors had a 45% reduction in all-cause mortality. Although studies were limited, significant associations for all-cause mortality were observed among lung, liver, nasopharyngeal, gastric, kidney, gynecologic cancer survivors. However, no significant relationship between healthy lifestyles and CVD-specific mortality was detected.

Conclusions
Having an overall healthy lifestyle is associated with lower CVD incidence and better survival among cancer survivors. The long-term management of cancer survivors should consider encouragement for a modification of multiple lifestyles.
The effects of a graphic organizer with storytelling intervention on writing quality and attitude towards writing of third graders with German as a second language
Authors: Barwasser Anne , Nobel Kerstin , Asaro-Saddler Kristie , Saddler Bruce , Grünke Matthias 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWriting can be a challenging task for students—especially for those who have grown up as second language (L2) learners. In particular, planning and structuring written content can be especially difficult for them. For this reason, the effects of a combined strategy instruction intervention consisting of a graphic organizer and storytelling on the narrative writing performance of struggling third graders (N = 8) from a German elementary school with German as a L2 (GSL) was examined. A multiple baseline across participants design was applied with a baseline phase followed by an intervention phase (combined strategy instruction) which was held three times a week over a period of six weeks for 40 minutes. Results revealed a positive effect of the intervention package on story writing quality and the attitude towards writing. Furthermore, the intervention was rated positively by the participants. Limitations and practical implications of the findings are discussed.