bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross-Class and Cross-Ideological Convergences over Time: Insights from the Tunisian and Egyptian Revolutionary Uprisings
Authors: Del Panta Gianni 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe 2010–11 Arab uprisings continue to prompt a great deal of discussion. By focusing specifically on Tunisia and Egypt, this article aims to present a more dynamic account of revolutionary moments in these countries. It does so in two ways. First, the changing nature of structures and mechanisms of authoritarian domination over time is explored. Second, the convergences of different social classes and political forces during the uprisings in Tunisia and Egypt are not treated as unique and static occurrences. By showing how the two revolutionary networks gradually emerged and enlarged, a truer picture is thus provided. By doing so, this article aims to contribute to a more nuanced interpretation of the two revolutionary outbursts and to the development of the fourth generation of revolutionary studies.
Asymptotics for some polynomial patterns in the primes
Authors: Bienvenu Pierre-Yves 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe prove asymptotic formulae for sums of the form
$$\sum\limits_{n\in {\open z}^d\cap K} {\prod\limits_{i = 1}^t {F_i} } (\psi _i(n)),$$where K is a convex body, each Fi is either the von Mangoldt function or the representation function of a quadratic form, and Ψ = (ψ1, …, ψt) is a system of linear forms of finite complexity. When all the functions Fi are equal to the von Mangoldt function, we recover a result of Green and Tao, while when they are all representation functions of quadratic forms, we recover a result of Matthiesen. Our formulae imply asymptotics for some polynomial patterns in the primes. For instance, they describe the asymptotic behaviour of the number of k-term arithmetic progressions of primes whose common difference is a sum of two squares.The paper combines ingredients from the work of Green and Tao on linear equations in primes and that of Matthiesen on linear correlations amongst integers represented by a quadratic form. To make the von Mangoldt function compatible with the representation function of a quadratic form, we provide a new pseudorandom majorant for both – an average of the known majorants for each of the functions – and prove that it has the required pseudorandomness properties.
Infinite multiplicity of stable entire solutions for a semilinear elliptic equation with exponential nonlinearity
Authors: Bae Soohyun 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe consider the infinite multiplicity of entire solutions for the elliptic equation Δu + K(x)eu + μf(x) = 0 in ℝn, n ⩾ 3. Under suitable conditions on K and f, the equation with small μ ⩾ 0 possesses a continuum of entire solutions with a specific asymptotic behaviour. Typically, K behaves like |x|ℓ at ∞ for some ℓ > −2 and the entire solutions behave asymptotically like − (2 + ℓ)log |x| near ∞. Main tools of the analysis are comparison principle for separation structure, asymptotic expansion of solutions near ∞, barrier method and strong maximum principle. The linearized operator for the equation has two characteristic behaviours related with the stability and the weak asymptotic stability of the solutions as steady states for the corresponding parabolic equation.
Understanding ranger motivation and job satisfaction to improve wildlife protection in Kahuzi–Biega National Park, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Spira Charlotte , Kirkby Andrew E. , Plumptre Andrew J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractRangers in the Democratic Republic of the Congo are working to conserve some of the largest remaining blocks of tropical rainforest, along with iconic species that are being targeted by poachers for subsistence or commercial purposes. During 2015–2016 we surveyed 72% of Kahuzi–Biega National Park rangers to assess their level of job satisfaction, why they chose to become rangers, what they liked and disliked about their job, and what affected their motivation to conduct their work. We used a cumulative link model to assess how various factors affected their self-reported level of job satisfaction. The rangers surveyed had been working in the Park for 16 years on average and most chose this occupation to earn a salary, to conserve wildlife or to serve their country. Overall, ranger job satisfaction was low; however, our findings highlight numerous ways in which this could be improved. These include higher salaries, more promotion opportunities, better recognition from the Congolese wildlife authority and other state services, positive performance incentives, better security, improved living conditions in remote patrol posts, and more support from the judicial system. Ranger patrol assignment (i.e. type of patrol and Park sector to patrol), receiving free housing at the Park headquarters, age, and length of service were statistically significant predictors of job satisfaction. It is likely that increasing ranger job satisfaction would result in a higher commitment to protecting wildlife, improved performance, and positive outcomes for wildlife conservation.
Deconstructing the Rio Scale: problems of subjectivity and generalization
Authors: Traphagan John W. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis paper examines and deconstructs the Rio Scale, focusing primarily on the recently published Rio Scale 2.0 concept, from the perspective of a social scientist. I argue that although there is value in developing tools to help astronomers and other scientists communicate their perceptions about the significance of a contact event to the media and the general public, the Rio Scale 2.0 remains problematic conceptually and, thus, does not represent a robust method for assessing or communicating the import of a valid contact. Therefore, it should not be used as a method for informing the media or the general public about scenarios that involve the detection of valid signals suggesting the existence of extraterrestrial intelligence.
Development of a Global River Water Temperature Model Considering Fluvial Dynamics and Seasonal Freeze‐Thaw Cycle
Authors: Tokuda Daisuke , Kim Hyungjun , Yamazaki Dai , Oki Taikan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this study, we developed a global river water temperature model that explicitly represents water and heat budgets. The model considers fluvial dynamics such as floodplain inundation and as well simulates seasonal freeze‐thaw cycles for temperate and arctic rivers, and it was found that proposed physically based parameterizations appropriately reproduced in situ observed seasonal variations in 12 global rivers. Theoretically, floodplain inundation has two major effects on water temperature variability: (1) “broadening” of water surfaces, which increases heat exchange with the atmosphere and friction with river bed, and (2) “shallowing” mean water depth, which increases the absorption rate of shortwave radiation per unit volume. In contrast to the broadening which affects both warming and cooling processes, the shallowing causes warming only and has dominant impacts mainly during the ice melting season in Arctic regions and the rainy season in the tropics. Furthermore, it was revealed that lateral mixing between channel and floodplain has a significant impact on determination of river water temperature. Although water temperature plays an important role in water quality and riverine material circulation linking terrestrial and coastal environments, it has not been considered in most Earth system models. The improvements in global‐scale river water temperature modeling demonstrated in this study will benefit for future Earth systems research.
On Reasons of the Scatter of Literature Data for Bed‐Load Particle Hops
Authors: Hosseini‐Sadabadi Seyed Abbas , Radice Alessio , Ballio Francesco 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis Report examines two key issues emerging when one deals with high‐resolution data for particle tracks in bed‐load transport. The first relates to how a particle motion/rest state is defined; using different definitions of motion changes the mean values computed for particle hop length and duration, that are key properties for phenomenological analysis of bed‐load transport and quantitative estimation of the associated rates. The second issue refers to the experimental bias due to considering a finite observation area within the channel bed. A conceptual presentation of the problem is here complemented by an analysis of experimental data, from both the literature and new experiments with weak bed‐load transport. Four definitions of motion were employed, together with two different ways (correcting or not the bias due to the observation area) of computing mean values from measured hop data. The results demonstrate that using different definitions and operational methods highly changes the mean values of hop‐related quantities. This may explain the scatter among literature data and challenges future Lagrangian investigation of bed‐load transport.
Particle Filter Data Assimilation of Monthly Snow Depth Observations Improves Estimation of Snow Density and SWE
Authors: Smyth Eric J. , Raleigh Mark S. , Small Eric E. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSnow depth observations and modeled snow density can be combined to calculate snow water equivalent (SWE). In this approach, SWE uncertainty is dominated by snow density uncertainty, which depends on meteorological data quality and process representation (e.g., compaction) in models. We test whether assimilating snow depth observations with the particle filter can improve modeled snow density, thus improving SWE estimated from intermittent depth observations. We model snowpack at Mammoth Mountain (California) over water years 2013–2016, assuming monthly snow depth data (e.g., sampling intervals relevant to lidar or manual surveys) for assimilation, and validate against observed SWE and density. The particle filter reduced density and SWE root‐mean‐square error by 27% and 28% relative to open loop simulations when using high‐quality, point location forcing. Assimilation gains were greater (35% and 51% reduction in density and SWE root‐mean‐square error) when using coarse‐resolution North American Land Data Assimilation System phase 2 meteorology. Ensembles created with both meteorological and compaction perturbations led to the greatest model improvements. Because modeled depth and density were both generally lower than observations, assimilation favored particles with higher precipitation and thus more overburden compaction. This moved depth and density (therefore SWE) closer to observations. In contrast, ensemble generation that varied only compaction parameters degraded performance. These results were supported by synthetic experiments with prescribed error sources. Thus, assimilation of snow depth data from lidar or other techniques can likely improve snow density and SWE derived at the basin scale. However, supplementary in situ observations are valuable to identify primary error sources in simulated snow depth and density.
Exact Upscaling for Transport of Size‐Distributed Colloids
Authors: Bedrikovetsky P. , Osipov Y. , Kuzmina L. , Malgaresi G. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe article investigates one‐dimensional (1‐D) suspension‐colloidal transport of size‐distributed particles with particle attachment. A population balance approach is presented for computing the particle transport and capture by porous media. The occupied area of each attached particle is particle size‐dependent. The main model assumption is the retention rate dependency of the overall vacancy concentration for all particle sizes. For the first time, we derive an exact averaging (upscaling) procedure resulting in a closed system of large‐scale equations for average concentrations of suspended and retained particles and of occupied rock surface area. The resulting large‐scale 3 × 3 system significantly differs from the traditional 2 × 2 deep bed filtration model. However, the traditional model becomes a particular case that corresponds to an equal occupied area for all particles. The averaging yields the appearance of two empirical suspension and site occupation functions, which govern the kinetics of particle retention and site occupation, respectively. One‐dimensional flow problems for the averaged equations are essentially nonlinear. However, they allow for exact solutions. We derive novel exact solutions for three 1‐D problems: continuous injection of particulate colloidal suspension, injection of colloidal suspension bank with particle‐free chase drive, and fines migration induced by high‐rate flows. The analytical model for continuous injection closely matches three series of laboratory tests on nanofluid transport.
Genetic associations with suicide attempt severity and genetic overlap with major depression
Authors: Levey Daniel F. , Polimanti Renato , Cheng Zhongshan , Zhou Hang , Nuñez Yaira Z. , Jain Sonia , He Feng , Sun Xiaoying , Ursano Robert J. , Kessler Ronald C. , Smoller Jordan W. , Stein Murray B. , Kranzler Henry R. , Gelernter Joel 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn 2015, ~800,000 people died by suicide worldwide. For every death by suicide there are as many as 25 suicide attempts, which can result in serious injury even when not fatal. Despite this large impact on morbidity and mortality, the genetic influences on suicide attempt are poorly understood. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of severity of suicide attempts to investigate genetic influences. A discovery GWAS was performed in Yale-Penn sample cohorts of European Americans (EAs, n = 2,439) and African Americans (AAs, n = 3,881). We found one genome-wide significant (GWS) signal in EAs near the gene LDHB (rs1677091, p = 1.07 × 10−8) and three GWS associations in AAs: ARNTL2 on chromosome 12 (rs683813, p = 2.07 × 10−8), FAH on chromosome 15 (rs72740082, p = 2.36 × 10−8), and on chromosome 18 (rs11876255, p = 4.61 × 10−8) in the Yale-Penn discovery sample. We conducted a limited replication analysis in the completely independent Army-STARRS cohorts. rs1677091 replicated in Latinos (LAT, p = 6.52 × 10−3). A variant in LD with FAH rs72740082 (rs72740088; r2 = 0.68) was replicated in AAs (STARRS AA p = 5.23 × 10−3; AA meta, 1.51 × 10−9). When combined for a trans-population meta-analysis, the final sample size included n = 20,153 individuals. Finally, we found significant genetic overlap with major depressive disorder (MDD) using polygenic risk scores from a large GWAS (r2 = 0.007, p = 6.42 × 10−5). To our knowledge, this is the first GWAS of suicide attempt severity. We identified GWS associations near genes involved in anaerobic energy production (LDHB), circadian clock regulation (ARNTL2), and catabolism of tyrosine (FAH). These findings provide evidence of genetic risk factors for suicide attempt severity, providing new information regarding the molecular mechanisms involved.
Fetal glucocorticoid receptor (Nr3c1) deficiency alters the landscape of DNA methylation of murine placenta in a sex-dependent manner and is associated to anxiety-like behavior in adulthood
Authors: Schmidt Michaela , Lax Elad , Zhou Rudy , Cheishvili David , Ruder Arne Mathias , Ludiro Alessia , Lapert Florian , Macedo da Cruz Anna , Sandrini Paolo , Calzoni Teresa , Vaisheva Farida , Brandwein Christiane , Luoni Alessia , Massart Renaud , Lanfumey Laurence , Riva Marco Andrea , Deuschle Michael , Gass Peter , Szyf Moshe 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPrenatal stress defines long-term phenotypes through epigenetic programming of the offspring. These effects are potentially mediated by glucocorticoid release and by sex. We hypothesized that the glucocorticoid receptor (Gr, Nr3c1) fashions the DNA methylation profile of offspring. Consistent with this hypothesis, fetal Nr3c1 heterozygosity leads to altered DNA methylation landscape in fetal placenta in a sex-specific manner. There was a significant overlap of differentially methylated genes in fetal placenta and adult frontal cortex in Nr3c1 heterozygotes. Phenotypically, Nr3c1 heterozygotes show significantly more anxiety-like behavior than wildtype. DNA methylation status of fetal placental tissue is significantly correlated with anxiety-like behavior of the same animals in adulthood. Thus, placental DNA methylation might predict behavioral phenotypes in adulthood. Our data supports the hypothesis that Nr3c1 influences DNA methylation at birth and that DNA methylation in placenta correlates with adult frontal cortex DNA methylation and anxiety-like phenotypes.
Characterizing acyl-carnitine biosignatures for schizophrenia: a longitudinal pre- and post-treatment study
Authors: Cao Bing , Wang Dongfang , Pan Zihang , Brietzke Elisa , McIntyre Roger S. , Musial Natalie , Mansur Rodrigo B. , Subramanieapillai Mehala , Zeng Jing , Huang Ninghua , Wang Jingyu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSubjects with schizophrenia have high risks of metabolic abnormalities and bioenergetic dysfunction. Acyl-carnitines involved in bioenergetic pathways provide potential biomarker targets for identifying early changes and onset characteristics in subjects with schizophrenia. We measured 29 acyl-carnitine levels within well-characterized plasma samples of adults with schizophrenia and healthy controls using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Subjects with schizophrenia were measured at baseline and after 8 weeks of treatment. A total of 225 subjects with schizophrenia and 175 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were enrolled and 156 subjects completed the 8-week follow-up. With respect to plasma acyl-carnitines, the individuals with schizophrenia at baseline showed significantly higher levels of C4-OH (C3-DC) and C16:1, but lower concentrations of C3, C8, C10, C10:1, C10:2, C12, C14:1-OH, C14:2, and C14:2-OH when compared with healthy controls after controlling for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking, and drinking. For the comparison between pretreatment and posttreatment subjects, all detected acyl-carnitines were significantly different between the two groups. Only the concentration of C3 and C4 were increased after selection by variable importance in projection (VIP) value >1.0 and false discovery rate (FDR) q value <0.05. A panel of acyl-carnitines were selected for the ability to differentiate subjects of schizophrenia at baseline from controls, pre- from post-treatment, and posttreatment from controls. Our data implicated acyl-carnitines with abnormalities in cellular bioenergetics of schizophrenia. Therefore, acyl-carnitines can be potential targets for future investigations into their roles in the pathoetiology of schizophrenia.
High frequencies of circulating memory T cells specific for calreticulin exon 9 mutations in healthy individuals
Authors: Holmström Morten O. , Ahmad Shamaila M. , Klausen Uffe , Bendtsen Simone K. , Martinenaite Evelina , Riley Caroline H. , Svane Inge M. , Kjær Lasse , Skov Vibe , Ellervik Christina , Pallisgaard Niels , Hasselbalch Hans C. , Andersen Mads H. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMutations in exon 9 of the calreticulin gene (CALR) frequently occur in patients with chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). Patients exhibit spontaneous cellular immune responses to epitopes derived from the mutant CALR C-terminus, and CALR-mutant-specific T cells recognize autologous CALR-mutant malignant cells. This study investigated whether CALR-mutant-specific T cells occur naturally in CALRwt MPN-patients and in healthy individuals. Specific immune responses against epitopes in the mutant CALR peptide sequence were detected in both CALRwt MPN-patients and in healthy individuals. Healthy donors displayed more frequent and stronger CALR-mutant specific T-cell responses compared to the responses identified in CALR-mutant MPN-patients. Several T-cell responses were identified in healthy donors directly ex vivo. Importantly, by running functional analyses on live-sorted immune cells from healthy donors, we showed that circulating CALR-mutant-specific immune cells are T-memory cells. These findings suggest, that healthy individuals acquire a CALR exon 9 mutation, but the immune system reacts and clears the mutant cells, and during this reaction generates CALR-mutant specific T-memory cells. We believe that these findings provide the evidence for tumor immune surveillance in MPN.
Monolithic 3D‐printed slotted hemisphere resonator bandpass filter with extended spurious‐free stopband
Authors: Li Jin , Li Sheng , Huang Guan‐Long , Yuan Tao , Attallah Moataz M. 
Published: January 2019

A method to effectively suppress the spurious modes in a hemispherical resonator is proposed and the suppression contributes to extension of the spurious‐free stopband for the hemispherical‐resonator‐based bandpass filters. The TM2m1 and TE101 modes in a hemispherical resonator are suppressed by interrupting the corresponding surface current via properly slotting the cavity shell, without significantly interfering with the fundamental TM101 mode. Resonant modes in a slotted hemispherical (SH) resonator are analysed, and design and implementation of a proof‐of‐concept X‐band fourth‐order SH‐resonator waveguide filter are presented. The filter is monolithically prototyped by employing metallic additive manufacturing technology. The filter demonstrates passband insertion and returns losses of averagely 0.9 dB and >20 dB, respectively, a small frequency shift of <0.9%, and a spurious‐free stopband frequency ratio of >1.8:1 with a stopband rejection over 34 dB at 10.5–16.4 GHz.