bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Who Buys What? Life's Study of Consumer Expenditures
Authors: Ostheimer Richard H. 
Published: November 2018

An extensive survey of consumer spending during 1956 has just been completed by LIFE magazine. Conducted by Alfred Politz Research, Inc., detailed expenditures on all goods and services were collected from a nationwide probability sample of 10,243 households. The first volume of a series entitled “The LIFE Study of Consumer Expenditures” covers total spending on major categories and on fifty-seven selected product groups. In describing the markets for consumer goods and services, the report shows what share of the total dollars spent in each market were accounted for by households of various types—defined by such characteristics related to consumption as income, stage in the life cycle, and occupation. These data, combined with projections regarding household characteristics, have significant implications about future demand.
The Death and Burial of “Sick” Products
Authors: Alexander R. S. 
Published: November 2018

Products, like men, are mortal. They flourish for a time, then decline and die. While the death of a man is catastrophic in the sense that it occurs at a specific point in time, that of a product tends to be an indefinite process that may continue until its last user forgets that it ever existed and so will no longer try to buy it. Professor R. S. Alexander presents a thoughtful and practical plan for selecting products for elimination; gathering information about them; making decisions about them; and, if necessary, removing the doomed products from the line.
Book Review
Authors: Capon Noel , Mauser Gary 
Published: November 2018

A REVIEW OF NONPROFIT MARKETING TEXTS: Cases in Public and Nonprofit Marketing By Christopher H. Lovelock and Charles B. Weinberg (Palo Alto, CA: The Scientific Press, 1977, 220 pp., $14.50) Readings in Public and Nonprofit Marketing By Christopher H. Lovelock and Charles B. Weinberg (Palo Alto, CA: The Scientific Press, 1978, 304 pp., $14.50) Marketing for Nonprofit Organizations, 2nd Edition By Philip Kotler (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1982, 528 pp., $23.95) Cases and Readings in Nonprofit Marketing By Philip Kotler, O. C. Ferrell and Charles W. Lamb, Jr. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1982, 480 pp., $14.95) Marketing for Nonprofit Organizations By David L. Rados (Boston, MA: Auburn House, 1981, 572 pp., $24.95)
Is dry heat treatment (fluidotherapy) effective in improving hand function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis? A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Erdinç Gündüz Nihan , Erdem Didem , Kızıl Ramazan , Solmaz Dilek , Önen Fatoş , Ellidokuz Hülya , Gülbahar Selmin 
Published: November 2018

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of dry heat treatment (fluidotherapy) in improving hand function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Design: Prospective randomized controlled trial. Setting: Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Rheumatology in a university hospital. Subjects: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Interventions: All patients were randomly divided into two groups. Group 1 underwent dry heat treatment (fluidotherapy) and Group 2 was a control group. Patients in both groups participated in a joint protection and exercise program. Main measures: Primary outcome measures were Health Assessment Questionnaire and Duruoz Hand Index. Secondary outcome measures were pain and stiffness, Grip Ability Test, Disease Activity Score-28, and grip strength. These assessments were performed at the hospital at baseline, week 3, and week 12. Results: A total of 93 participants were allocated to Group 1 ( n = 47) and Group 2 ( n = 46). The mean age of these groups was 54.19 ± 11.15 years and 53.00 ± 10.15 years, respectively ( P = 0.592). At baseline, there were no significant differences between the groups in any parameter except significantly poorer Health Assessment Questionnaire score in Group 1 ( P = 0.007). At week 3, there were no significant differences between the groups in any of the parameters ( P > 0.005). At week 12, Duruoz Hand Index scores were significantly better in Group 2 ( P = 0.039). Conclusion: Dry heat treatment (fluidotherapy) was not effective in improving hand function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Moreover, no positive effect on any other clinical parameters was observed.
Fluctuation, invisibility, fatigue – the barriers to maintaining employment with systemic lupus erythematosus: results of an online survey
Authors: Booth S , Price E , Walker E 
Published: November 2018

Objectives Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is associated with high levels of workplace disability and unemployment. The objective of this study was to understand the reasons for this and to describe the barriers and facilitators of employment identified by people with SLE to develop appropriate solutions. Unemployment, as well as unsuitable work, has adverse health outcomes. Methods Adults with SLE completed a UK-specific online survey, through the LUPUS UK website, designed to find out more about the difficulties and successes that people with SLE have in maintaining employment. The survey was predominantly qualitative, to understand participants’ employment experiences to generate possible solutions. Results Three hundred and ninety-three people gave detailed responses to the survey within eight weeks. Every respondent reported a detrimental effect of SLE on their ability to work: 40.45% had left employment because of it. The themes of concern to respondents were unambiguous: (i) the difficulties of working (and career damage) with SLE, (ii) fear and anxiety overshadowing work/family life, (iii) the greater potential to remain in some employment or stay in full employment when modifications of work pattern and support from management and colleagues were available. SLE-related fatigue, its invisibility and fluctuating nature were felt to be the main barriers to maintaining employment. Numerous respondents could work only part-time and anxiety was high regarding their future ability to continue working. Many had taken substantial pay reductions and refused offered promotions to preserve their health. Distress due to loss of work and the benefits it brings were reported by every respondent who had left work. Conclusion SLE presents specific difficulties for maintaining employment – fatigue, fluctuation and invisibility – not addressed by current anti-discrimination legislation or currently available ‘reasonable adjustments’. This study demonstrates that (i) employment is an important area of concern for people with SLE, (ii) SLE has significant detrimental effects on individuals’ ability to participate and progress in employment, (iii) legislators and employers need information about SLE as invisibility and fluctuation cause hidden problems, and (iv) more data is needed to inform workplace adjustments if individual distress and societal loss of skills are to be addressed.
Depression, antidepressants, and the risk of non-valvular atrial fibrillation: A nationwide Danish matched cohort study
Authors: Fenger-Grøn Morten , Vestergaard Mogens , Pedersen Henrik S , Frost Lars , Parner Erik T , Ribe Anette R , Davydow Dimitry S 
Published: November 2018

Background Depression is associated with an increased risk of a series of cardiovascular diseases and with increased symptom burden in patients with atrial fibrillation. The aim of this study was to determine the association between depression as well as antidepressant treatment and the risk of incident atrial fibrillation. Design A nationwide register-based study comparing the atrial fibrillation risk in all Danes initiating antidepressant treatment from 2000 to 2013 ( N = 785,254) with that in a 1:5-matched sample from the general population. Methods Cox regression was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and associated 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), both after initiation of treatment and in the month before when patients were assumed to have medically untreated depression. Results Antidepressant treatment was associated with a three-fold higher risk of atrial fibrillation during the first month (aHR = 3.18 (95% CI: 2.98–3.39)). This association gradually attenuated over the following year (aHR = 1.37 (95% CI: 1.31–1.44) 2–6 months after antidepressant therapy initiation, and aHR = 1.11 (95% CI: 1.06–1.16) 6–12 months after). However, the associated atrial fibrillation risk was even higher in the month before starting antidepressant treatment (aHR = 7.65 (95% CI: 7.05–8.30) from 30 to 15 days before, and aHR = 4.29 (95% CI: 3.94–4.67) the last 15 days before). Overall, 0.4% of patients were diagnosed with atrial fibrillation from 30 days before to 30 days after antidepressant treatment. Conclusions Antidepressant users had a substantially increased atrial fibrillation risk, particularly before treatment initiation. Whether this mirrors a causal relation between depression and atrial fibrillation may have large consequences for public health and should be discussed.
A task-based design methodology for robotic exoskeletons
Authors: Heidari Omid , Wolbrecht Eric T , Perez-Gracia Alba , Yihun Yimesker S 
Published: November 2018

Introduction This study is aimed at developing a task-based methodology for the design of robotic exoskeletons. This is in contrast to prevailing research efforts, which attempt to mimic the human limb, where each human joint is given an exoskeleton counter-joint. Rather, we present an alternative systematic design approach for the design of exoskeletons that can follow the complex three-dimensional motions of the human body independent of anatomical measures and landmarks. With this approach, it is not necessary to know the geometry of the targeted limb but rather to have a description of its motion at the point of attachment. Methods The desired trajectory of the targeted limb has been collected through a motion capture system from a healthy subject. Then, an approximate dimensional synthesis has been employed to specify the size of the mechanism and its location with respect to the limb, while generating the desired trajectory. The procedure for this method, from motion capture to kinematic synthesis to mechanism selection and optimization, is validated with an illustrative example. Results The proposed method resulted an exoskeleton which follows the desired trajectory of the human limb without any need of aligning its joint to the corresponding human joints. Conclusion A method to design lower mobility exoskeletons for specific sets of human motion is presented; the approach result an exoskeleton with lesser actuation system while generating complex 3D limb motions, which in turn results a lighter exoskeletons. It also avoids a need to align each robotic joint axis with its human counterpart.
Clinical Presentation and Outcomes of Patients With a Lumbar Far Lateral Herniated Nucleus Pulposus as Compared to Those With a Central or Paracentral Herniation
Authors: Khan Jannat M. , McKinney Dennis , Basques Bryce A. , Louie Philip K. , Carroll Deven , Paul Justin , Varthi Arya , Iyer Sravisht , An Howard S. 
Published: November 2018

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Objectives: Examine pre- and postoperative outcomes between patients presenting with a central/paracentral versus a far lateral herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP) and assess whether significantly worse postoperative outcomes, assessed via patient self-reported survey, are associated with far lateral disc herniations. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of patients who underwent primary lumbar decompression between January 2008 and December 2015. Groups were divided based on herniation type, central/paracentral or far lateral. Patients with 3 months, or longer, of follow-up were included. Variables analyzed included demographics, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Score, Charleston Comorbidity Index (CCI), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores, Visual Analog Scales (VAS) scores for the back and leg, 12-Item Short Form Mental and Physical Survey (SF-12) scores, and Veterans RAND 12-Item Mental and Physical Survey (VR-12) scores. Results: A total of 100 patients met the inclusion criteria. Postoperative ODI scores for central/paracentral HNP were significantly lower compared to far lateral HNP. Patients with a far lateral disc herniation presented with significantly lower preoperative SF-12 and VR-12 scores. The improvement in ODI score from preoperative to final was significantly lower in the patients presenting with a far lateral HNP. Conclusions: Although patients with far lateral HNP present with worse preoperative outcome scores, they can expect similar symptom improvement to central or paracentral herniations following discectomy. This information can be used for future surgeons when weighing conservative versus surgical treatment of far lateral herniations.
Genomic alterations important for the prognosis in patients with follicular lymphoma treated in SWOG study S0016
Authors: Qu Xiaoyu , Li Hongli , Braziel Rita M. , Passerini Verena , Rimsza Lisa M. , Hsi Eric D. , Leonard John P. , Smith Sonali M. , Kridel Robert , Press Oliver , Weigert Oliver , LeBlanc Michael , Friedberg Jonathan W. , Fang Min 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Although recent advances in molecular genetics have enabled improved risk classification of follicular lymphoma (FL) using, for example, the m7-FLIPI score, the impact on treatment has been limited. We aimed to assess the prognostic significance of copy-number aberrations (CNAs) and copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity (cnLOH) identified by chromosome genomic-array testing (CGAT) at FL diagnosis using prospectively collected clinical trial specimens from 255 patients enrolled in the SWOG study S0016. The impact of genomic aberrations was assessed for early progression (progressed or died within 2 years after registration), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). We showed that increased genomic complexity (ie, the total number of aberration calls) was associated with poor outcome in FL. Certain chromosome arms were critical for clinical outcome. Prognostic CNAs/cnLOH were identified: whereas early progression was correlated with 2p gain (P = .007; odds ratio [OR] = 2.55 [1.29, 5.03]) and 2p cnLOH (P = .005; OR = 10.9 [2.08, 57.2]), 2p gain specifically encompassing VRK2 and FANCL predicted PFS (P = .01; hazard ratio = 1.80 [1.14, 2.68]) as well as OS (P = .005; 2.40 [1.30, 4.40]); CDKN2A/B (9p) deletion correlated with worse PFS (P = .004, 3.50 [1.51, 8.28]); whereas CREBBP (16p) (P &lt; .001; 6.70 [2.52, 17.58]) and TP53 (17p) (P &lt; .001; 3.90 [1.85, 8.31]) deletion predicted worse OS. An independent cohort from the m7-FLIPI study was explored, and the prognostic significance of aberration count, and TP53 and CDKN2A/B deletion were further validated. In conclusion, assessing genomic aberrations at FL diagnosis with CGAT improves risk stratification independent of known clinical parameters, and provides a framework for development of future rational targeted therapies.
Intima-media thickness of the common femoral artery as a marker of leg ulceration in sickle cell disease patients
Authors: Ayoola Oluwagbemiga O. , Bolarinwa Rahman A. , Onakpoya Uvie U. , Adedeji Tewogbade A. , Onwuka Chidiogo C. , Idowu Bukunmi M. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Leg ulceration is a debilitating chronic complication of sickle cell disease (SCD) the pathogenesis of which is yet to be fully elucidated. We hypothesized that SCD patients with histories of previous leg ulcers would have intima hyperplasia of the common femoral artery (CFA). We enrolled 44 SCD patients and 33 age-matched and sex-matched controls with hemoglobin AA. Anthropometric measurements, biochemical parameters, and sonographic intima-media thickness (IMT) of the CFA were determined. The median CFA IMT in SCD limbs with history of leg ulcers (SWLU) was 1.0 mm, whereas it was 0.7 mm in SCD limbs with no history of leg ulcer (SNLU) and 0.60 mm in controls (P &lt; .001). Among the SNLU, 70.3% had CFA IMT &lt;0.9 mm, whereas only 29.7% had CFA IMT ≥0.9 mm. Conversely, only 20.8% of SWLU had CFA IMT &lt;0.9 mm, whereas the remaining 79.2% had CFA IMT ≥0.9 mm. All the controls had CFA IMT &lt;0.9 mm. Binary logistic regression to determine the odds of having leg ulcer among SCD limbs with CFA IMT of ≥0.9 mm yielded an odds ratio of 9, indicating that SCD limbs with CFA IMT ≥0.9 mm had a 9 times greater risk of having leg ulcer compared with those with CFA IMT &lt;0.9 mm. There is a significant increase in the CFA IMT of SCD limbs with ulcer compared with controls and SCD limbs without ulcer, suggesting that arterial vasculopathy plays a major role in the formation of these ulcers.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Performance analysis of ethylene-propylene diene monomer sound-absorbing materials based on image processing recognition
Authors: Wang Kun , Yan Xiong 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn order to study the performance of rubber sound-absorbing materials, this study processed the surface of ethylene-propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber sound-absorbing materials based on image recognition. Simultaneously, in this study, microscopic images were obtained from macroscopic rubber materials, and the images were processed to become standard images with certain characteristics. In addition, this study combines image processing to obtain pictures related to sound absorption performance. In the identification of rubber sound-absorbing materials, this study used EPDM rubber as the material, and studied the influence of various factors on the sound absorption performance of rubber sound-absorbing materials from the technical point of view and obtained the corresponding processed images. Through research, it is found that the sound-absorbing materials of this study have good sound-absorbing effects based on the control of relevant process conditions, and the image recognition and processing functions can be applied to the research of rubber sound-absorbing materials.
Proposal and validation of a modified staging system to improve the prognosis predictive performance of the 8th AJCC/UICC pTNM staging system for gastric adenocarcinoma: a multicenter study with external validation
Authors: Fang Cheng , Wang Wei , Deng Jing‐Yu , Sun Zhe , Seeruttun Sharvesh Raj , Wang Zhen‐Ning , Xu Hui‐Mian , Liang Han , Zhou Zhi‐Wei 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer/Union for International Cancer Control (AJCC/UICC) pathological tumor‐node‐metastasis (pTNM) staging system may have increased accuracy in predicting prognosis of gastric cancer due to its important modifications from previous editions. However, the homogeneity in prognosis within each subgroup classified according to the 8th edition may still exist. This study aimed to compare and analyze the prognosis prediction abilities of the 8th and 7th editions of AJCC/UICC pTNM staging system for gastric cancer and propose a modified pTNM staging system with external validation.MethodsIn total, clinical data of 7911 patients from three high‐capacity institutions in China and 10,208 cases from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program Registry were analyzed. The homogeneity, discriminatory ability, and monotonicity of the gradient assessments of the 8th and 7th editions of AJCC/UICC pTNM staging system were compared using log‐rank χ2, linear‐trend χ2, likelihood‐ratio χ2 statistics and Akaike information criterion (AIC) calculations, on which a modified pTNM classification with external validation using the SEER database was proposed.ResultsConsiderable stage migration, mainly for stage III, between the 8th and 7th editions was observed in both cohorts. The survival rates of subgroups of patients within stage IIIA, IIIB, or IIIC classified according to both editions were significantly different, demonstrating poor homogeneity for patient stratification. A modified pTNM staging system using data from the Chinese cohort was then formulated and demonstrated an improved homogeneity in these abovementioned subgroups. This staging system was further validated using data from the SEER cohort, and similar promising results were obtained. Compared with the 8th and 7th editions, the modified pTNM staging system displayed the highest log‐rank χ2, linear‐trend χ2, likelihood‐ratio χ2, and lowest AIC values, indicating its superior discriminatory ability, monotonicity, homogeneity and prognosis prediction ability in both populations.ConclusionsThe 8th edition of AJCC/UICC pTNM staging system is superior to the 7th edition, but still results in homogeneity in prognosis prediction. Our modified pTNM staging system demonstrated the optimal stratification and prognosis prediction ability in two large cohorts of different gastric cancer populations.
An overview of nutritional strategies for recovery process in sports-related muscle injuries
Authors: Quintero Katherin Johana , Resende Ayane de Sá , Leite Geovana Silva Fogaça , Lancha Junior Antonio Herbert 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Introduction
Muscle injuries are common among elite athletes and compromise competitions and training schedules. Within the interventions to treat a sports injury, the nutritional approach is key to improve the physiological response and maintain the body composition to promote a quick and safe return to the play.

Objective
Present an overview of the nutritional strategies and recommendations after a muscular sports injury, emphasizing the use of main nutrients and elements for the muscle recovery, such as proteins, antioxidants, omega 3 fatty acids, and probiotics.

Methodology
The search of information was made in the PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, Embase, and Google Scholar databases under specific DeCS and MeSh terms. The selected articles included literature reviews and clinical trials related to muscle injury in high-performance athletes, in any sports discipline or in immobilized patient (healthy men or women).

Results
The stages of a muscle injury are classified as destruction-inflammation, repair, and remodeling phase. In all stages, energy recommendations should follow the estimated energy requirement plus the injury/stress percentage of increase (10–15%). During the repair phase, the optimal protein consumption (1.6–2.5 g/kg/day divided in several meals with 20–35 g of protein per meal) is crucial for muscle mass maintenance and to reduce the anabolic resistance of skeletal muscle in case of injury. Antioxidants intake from food sources may control the oxidative stress, which occurs during the inflammatory phase, as well as omega 3 fatty acids through stimulation of anti-inflammatory pathway. Moreover, probiotic consumption has been investigated in sports field with the goal of improving muscle repair by enhancing protein absorption capacity and immune cells function at the intestine.

Conclusion
According to the literature, it is necessary to carry out clinical studies with injured athletes and determine how the consumption of nutrients and elements such as probiotics can influence the recovery processes of injured athletes. Also, there are little research in this area of sports nutrition.