bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Big Data Approaches for coastal flood risk assessment and emergency response
Authors: Pollard James A , Spencer Tom , Jude Simon 
Published: July 2018

Big Data Approaches (BDAs) refers to the combined use of historic datasets, incoming data streams, and the array of related technologies designed to shed new light on societal and environmental complexities through novel organizational, storage, and analytical capabilities. Despite widespread recognition of the commercial benefits of BDAs, application in the environmental domain is less well articulated. This represents a missed opportunity given that the dimensions used to characterize BDAs (volume, variety, velocity, and veracity) appear apt in describing the intractable challenges posed by global climate change. This paper employs coastal flood risk management as an illustrative case study to explore the potential applications in the environmental domain. Trends in global change including accelerating sea level rise, concentration of people and assets in low‐lying areas and deterioration of protective coastal ecosystems are expected to manifest locally as increased future flood risk. Two branches of coastal flood risk management are considered. First, coastal flood risk assessment, focusing on better characterization of hazard sources, facilitative pathways, and vulnerable receptors. Second, flood emergency response procedures, focusing on forecasting of flooding events, dissemination of warnings, and response monitoring. Critical commentary regarding technical, contextual, institutional, and behavioral barriers to the implementation of BDAs is offered throughout including a discussion of two fundamental difficulties associated with applying BDAs to coastal flood risk management: the role of BDAs in the broader flood system and the skill requirements for a generation of data scientists capable of implementing Big Data Approaches.This article is categorized under:

Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Knowledge and Practice
Climate, History, Society, Culture > Technological Aspects and Ideas
Global urban climate governance in three and a half parts: Experimentation, coordination, integration (and contestation)
Authors: Gordon David J. 
Published: July 2018

Cities are increasingly central to the global governance of climate change, and much of their activity takes place within city‐networks operating at national, regional, and global scales. As the scope and ambition of city activities have been augmented over the past decade, so the scholarship has evolved as well. I set out in this review article to trace this evolution by focusing on four lines of inquiry organized around the conceptual foundations of governance experimentation, horizontal coordination, vertical integration, and political contestation. As we stand at the cusp of a vital moment in the global response, I suggest the need for a concerted effort to direct more, and more sustained, attention to the last of these. I argue that careful, critical, and creative thinking with respect to the power relations shaping the role of cities as global climate governors offers a means through which scholars can best contribute to augmenting the capacity for a just and effective urban contribution to the global effort.This article is categorized under:

Policy and Governance > Governing Climate Change in Communities, Cities, and Regions
Bayesian variable selection using the hyper‐g prior in WinBUGS
Authors: Perrakis Konstantinos , Ntzoufras Ioannis 
Published: July 2018

The hyper‐g prior is a default choice for Bayesian variable selection in normal linear regression models. In this article we provide an overview of the Bayesian variable selection framework and explain in detail the specification for the hyper‐g prior setup. The practical implementation of the methods under consideration is demonstrated through the use of WinBUGS software explaining the correspondence between code and theoretical setup. An illustration of results is considered through a simulated data example.This article is categorized under:

Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Bayesian Methods and Theory
Statistical Models > Model Selection
Statistical Models > Linear Models
Framing natural assets for advancing sustainability research: translating different perspectives into actions
Authors: Martinez-Harms Maria Jose , Gelcich Stefan , Krug Rainer M. , Maseyk Fleur J. F. , Moersberger Hannah , Rastogi Archi , Wambugu Geoffrey , Krug Cornelia B. , Spehn Eva M. , Pascual Unai 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSustainability is a key challenge for humanity in the context of complex and unprecedented global changes. Future Earth, an international research initiative aiming to advance global sustainability science, has recently launched knowledge–action networks (KANs) as mechanisms for delivering its research strategy. The research initiative is currently developing a KAN on “natural assets” to facilitate and enable action-oriented research and synthesis towards natural assets sustainability. ‘Natural assets’ has been adopted by Future Earth as an umbrella term aiming to translate and bridge across different knowledge systems and different perspectives on peoples’ relationships with nature. In this paper, we clarify the framing of Future Earth around natural assets emphasizing the recognition on pluralism and identifying the challenges of translating different visions about the role of natural assets, including via policy formulation, for local to global sustainability challenges. This understanding will be useful to develop inter-and transdisciplinary solutions for human–environmental problems by (i) embracing richer collaborative decision processes and building bridges across different perspectives; (ii) giving emphasis on the interactions between biophysical and socioeconomic drivers affecting the future trends of investments and disinvestments in natural assets; and (iii) focusing on social equity, power relationships for effective application of the natural assets approach. This understanding also intends to inform the scope of the natural asset KAN’s research agenda to mobilize the translation of research into co-designed action for sustainability.
Sleep disturbances and dementia risk: A multicenter study
Authors: Sindi Shireen , Kåreholt Ingemar , Johansson Lena , Skoog Johan , Sjöberg Linnea , Wang Hui‐Xin , Johansson Boo , Fratiglioni Laura , Soininen Hilkka , Solomon Alina , Skoog Ingmar , Kivipelto Miia 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntroductionFew longitudinal studies assessed whether sleep disturbances are associated with dementia risk.MethodsSleep disturbances were assessed in three population‐based studies (H70 study and Kungsholmen Project [Sweden]; Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging and Dementia study [Finland]). Late‐life baseline analyses (3–10 years follow‐up) used all three studies (N = 1446). Baseline ages ≈ 70 years (Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging and Dementia, H70), and ≈84 years (Kungsholmen Project). Midlife baseline (age ≈ 50 years) analyses used Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging and Dementia (21 and 32 years follow‐up) (N = 1407).ResultsMidlife insomnia (fully adjusted hazard ratio = 1.24, 95% confidence interval = 1.02–1.50) and late‐life terminal insomnia (fully adjusted odds ratio = 1.94, 95% confidence interval = 1.08–3.49) were associated with a higher dementia risk. Late‐life long sleep duration (>9 hours) was also associated with an increased dementia risk (adjusted odds ratio = 3.98, 95% confidence interval = 1.87–8.48).DiscussionMidlife insomnia and late‐life terminal insomnia or long sleep duration were associated with a higher late‐life dementia risk.
Supplier non‐retention post disruption: What role does anger play?
Authors: Polyviou Mikaella , Rungtusanatham M. Johnny , Reczek Rebecca W. , Knemeyer A. Michael 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe analyze the direct and indirect effects of two critical‐component supply‐disruption attributes (CONTROLLABILITYandRESPONSIBILITY) on supplier non‐retention post disruption. Using a scenario‐based role‐playing experiment with 253 purchasing professionals, we find that the likelihood that a recovery lead (i.e., the individual assigned to the disruption‐recovery task) recommends non‐retention of an incumbent critical‐component supplier post disruption is higher when the recovery lead perceives that the supplier, rather than nature, had control over the supply disruption. Moreover, this direct effect is partially explained by the amount ofANGERthat the recovery lead feels due to the supply disruption. Neither the direct nor the indirect effect ofRESPONSIBILITYon supplier non‐retention post disruption is, however, detected. This paper is among the first to offer theoretical and empirical evidence that supplier non‐retention in a supply‐disruption context is a function of who had control over the supply disruption. Furthermore, this paper considers the effects of emotions and illustrates that supply‐management decisions are not based solely on rational (i.e., cognitive) processes but also on emotional processes. Finally, this paper challenges conceptual arguments about the association between supplier selection and retention, at least in the supply‐disruption context and with regard to the individual participating in both tasks. Our findings also have several managerial implications for supplying and buying firms.
The ghrelin and orexin activity in testicular tissues of patients with idiopathic non‐obstructive azoospermia
Authors: Ozkanli Seyma , Basar Mehmet Murad , Selimoglu Serkan , Erol Bulent , Ozkanli Oguz , Nurili Fuad , Kahraman Semra 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe aim of the present study is to evaluate the presence of ghrelin and orexin in the testicular tissue of patients who have undergone microscopic testicular sperm extraction (micro‐TESE) due to idiopathic non‐obstructive azoospermia. Seventy azoospermic cases were included in this study; serum hormone levels were measured and genetic investigations were performed. The patients were divided into two groups: micro‐TESE (+) and micro‐TESE (−). The number of Leydig cells and stained cells in the seminiferous tubules were counted under a light microscope, and we analyzed ghrelin and orexin activity. The relationship between serum hormone levels and ghrelin and orexin distributions in testicular tissue was evaluated according to micro‐TESE results. While sperm was found in 33 cases (47.1%), micro‐TESE was negative in 37 cases (52.9%). Peptide hormone activity in testicular tissue was higher in micro‐TESE (+) cases. However, interstitial orexin (p = 0.038) and ghrelin (p = 0.002) activity showed statistically meaningful differences. Many different peptides, genes, and other unknown mechanisms play important roles in testicular function. In particular, the peptides orexin and ghrelin may play regulatory roles in testicular function in humans.
Persistence and adherence to rivastigmine in patients with dementia: Results from a noninterventional, retrospective study using the National Health Insurance research database of Taiwan
Authors: Chang Chee‐Jen , Chou Tse‐Chih , Chang Chiung‐Chih , Chen Ta‐Fu , Hu Chaur‐Jong , Fuh Jong‐Ling , Wang Wenfu , Chen Chiung‐Mei , Hsu Winco , Huang Chin‐Chang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe objective of the study was to assess adherence and persistence of patients treated with rivastigmine versus donepezil.MethodsPersistence was calculated as the time from the first prescription date of rivastigmine/donepezil until discontinuation/medication switch/end of available data, whichever occurred first. Adherence was calculated as proportion of days covered and medication possession ratio.ResultsA majority of patients persisted on 4.5 and 6 mg of rivastigmine for 429 and 468 days, respectively, versus 443 and 441 days for patients receiving 5 and 10 mg of donepezil daily, respectively. Patients who initially received 1.5 mg of oral rivastigmine required a shorter time to reach a stable dose compared with those who initiated treatment at a higher dose of rivastigmine. Patients at a stable dose of 4.5 or 6 mg of rivastigmine were observed to persist longer than those at a lower dose of rivastigmine and donepezil.DiscussionAlthough results indicate significant difference in persistence between rivastigmine and donepezil groups, clinical significance remains undetermined.
A 3D particle model for the plume CEX simulation
Authors: Lu C. , Qiu P. , Cao Y. , Zhang T.P. , Chen J.J. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTCharge Exchange (CEX) ion is the main factor causing the plume pollution. The distribution of CEX ions is determined by the distribution of beam ions and neutral atoms. Hence, the primary problem in the study of the plume is how to accurately simulate the distribution of beam ions and neutral atoms. At present, the most commonly used model utilised for the plume simulation is the analytical model proposed by Roy for the plume simulation of the NASA Solar Technology Application Readiness (NSTAR) ion thruster. However, this analytical model can only be applied to the ion beam with small divergence angles. In addition, the analytical model is no longer applicable to the simulation for the plume of a new type of ion thruster that appeared recently, which is called the annular ion thruster. In this paper, a 3D particle model is proposed for the plume simulation of ion thrusters consisting of the particle model for beam ions, the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) model for neutral atoms and the Immersed Finite Element-Particle In Cell-Monte Carlo Collision (IFE-PIC-MCC) model for CEX ions. Then, the plume of the NSTAR ion thruster is simulated by both Roy's model and the 3D particle model. The simulation results of both models are then compared with the experimental results. It is shown that the numerical results of the 3D particle model agree well with those of the analytical model and the experimental data. And this 3D particle model can also be used for other electric thrusters.
Old homes and new homelands: imagining the nation and remembering expulsion in the wake of the Mali Federation's collapse
Authors: Rodet Marie , County Brandon 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis article examines concepts of ‘home’ and ‘abroad’ for migrants and citizens in the twilight of empire. It focuses on the ‘cheminots refoulés’, railway workers with origins in the former French Sudan (today's Republic of Mali) who were expelled from Senegal shortly after both territories declared independence, and other ‘Sudanese’ settled in Senegal, sometimes for several generations. Using newly available archives in France, Mali and Senegal, and interviews with formercheminotsand ‘Sudanese migrants’ on both sides of the border, this article seeks to historicize memories of autochthony and allochthony that have been constructed and contested in postcolonial nation-building projects. The Mali Federation carried the lingering memory of federalist political projects, but it proved untenable only months after the Federation's June 1960 independence from France. When member states declared independence from each other, the internal boundary between Senegal and the Sudanese Republic became an international border between Senegal and the Republic of Mali. In the wake of the collapse, politicians in Bamako and Dakar clamoured to redefine the ‘nation’ and its ‘nationals’ through selective remembering. Thousands ofcheminotsand ‘Sudanese migrants’ who had moved to Senegal from Sudan years (or decades) earlier were suddenly labelled ‘foreigners’ and ‘expatriates’ and faced two governments eager to see them ‘return’ to a hastily proclaimed nation state. This ‘repatriation’ allowed Republic of Mali officials to ‘perform the nation’ by (re)integrating and (re)membering the migrants in a nascent ‘homeland’. But, having circulated between Senegal and Sudan/Mali for decades, ‘Sudanese migrants’ in both states retained and invoked memories of older political communities, upsetting new national priorities. The loss of the Mali Federation raises questions about local, national and international citizenship and movement in mid-century West Africa. Examining the histories invoked to imagine postcolonial political communities, this article offers an insight into the role that memory has played in constructing and contesting the nation's central place in migration histories within Africa and beyond.
‘International chiefs’: chieftaincy, rituals and the reproduction of transborder Ewe ethnic communities on the Ghana–Togo boundary
Authors: Adotey Edem 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe issue of ‘alien’ voters in Ghana's electoral politics since the return to multiparty democracy in 1992 points to tensions between local/ethnic identities in culturally demarcated spaces and national identity/citizenship promoted by states. Focusing on the two Ewe-speaking communities of Nyive and Edzi, this article examines the legacies of partition in the aftermath of World War One, when the British and French split the former German colony of Togo between themselves and established new administrations under international oversight. It argues that relationships have changed, specifically from political hegemony to largely ritual practices, and that, though distinct, the two are co-determining. The salience or legitimacy of political authority is sustained by ritual authority, and chiefly authorities invest in these rituals to maintain political authority. These shared ritual practices are important, as they are mobilized to promote a sense of belonging among Ewe communities that straddle state boundaries. This is evident in the phenomenon of ‘international chiefs’, as expressed in continued allegiances of village chiefs in Ghana to senior/paramount chiefs in Togo.
Medium-scale commercial farms in Africa: the experience of the ‘native purchase areas’ in Zimbabwe
Authors: Scoones Ian , Mavedzenge Blasio , Murimbarimba Felix 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAcross Africa there has been a growth in medium-sized farms, including in Zimbabwe following the land reform of 2000. What are the prospects of such farms driving new forms of agricultural commercialization? In this article we seek to learn lessons from the past by examining the experience of ‘native purchase areas’, which were established from the 1930s in Zimbabwe. Through a detailed historical study of Mushagashe small-scale commercial farming area in Masvingo Province, the article explores the changing fortunes of farms over time. Historical information is complemented by a survey of twenty-six randomly selected farms, examining patterns of production, asset ownership and accumulation. In-depth interviews explore life histories and changes in social arrangements that have influenced agrarian change. Four broad farm types are identified, including those that are commercialized, projectized, villagized, and held or abandoned. These categories are not static, however, and the article emphasizes non-linear patterns of change. Following Sara Berry, we show how pathways of commercialization are diverse and unpredictable, influenced by interlocking conjunctures of social dynamics, generational changes and political-economic conditions. Commercialization outcomes are dependent on the intersection of relational dynamics and more structural, political economy factors. Bursts of commercialization on these farms are contingent on access to employment by farm owners, labour (hired, squatters and offspring) and, perhaps above all, money to invest. The much-hyped policy vision of a new medium-scale commercial farm sector emerging in Africa therefore must be qualified, and divergent outcomes recognized.
Identifying usual food choices at meals in overweight and obese study volunteers: implications for dietary advice
Authors: Guan Vivienne X. , Probst Yasmine C. , Neale Elizabeth P. , Batterham Marijka J. , Tapsell Linda C. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractUnderstanding food choices made for meals in overweight and obese individuals may aid strategies for weight loss tailored to their eating habits. However, limited studies have explored food choices at meal occasions. The aim of this study was to identify the usual food choices for meals of overweight and obese volunteers for a weight-loss trial. A cross-sectional analysis was performed using screening diet history data from a 12-month weight-loss trial (the HealthTrack study). A descriptive data mining tool, the Apriori algorithm of association rules, was applied to identify food choices at meal occasions using a nested hierarchical food group classification system. Overall, 432 breakfasts, 428 lunches, 432 dinners and 433 others (meals) were identified from the intake data (n433 participants). A total of 142 items of closely related food clusters were identified at three food group levels. At the first sub-food group level, bread emerged as central to food combinations at lunch, but unprocessed meat appeared for this at dinner. The dinner meal was characterised by more varieties of vegetables and of foods in general. The definitions of food groups played a pivotal role in identifying food choice patterns at main meals. Given the large number of foods available, having an understanding of eating patterns in which key foods drive overall meal content can help translate and develop novel dietary strategies for weight loss at the individual level.
Across the Divide: Looking for the common ground of Hindustani
Authors: LUNN DAVID 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis article investigates some of the institutional and poetic practices around the idea of Hindustani in the period 1900–47. It charts the establishment of the Hindustani Academy in 1927 and explores some of its publishing activities as it attempted to make a positive institutional intervention in the Hindi–Urdu debate and cultural field more broadly. It then considers some aspects of poetic production in literary journals, including those associated with the Academy. Ultimately, it is an attempt to explore the grey areas that existed between Hindi/Hindu and Urdu/Muslim in the pre-Independence decades, and to make the case for studying the literature of both traditions simultaneously, along with emphasizing that attempts at compromise—including the perennially contested term ‘Hindustani’ itself—must be taken on their own terms.
The geography of parasite discovery across taxa and over time
Authors: Poulin Robert , Jorge Fátima 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe need reliable data on the spatial distribution of parasites in order to achieve an inventory of global parasite biodiversity and establish robust conservation initiatives based on regional disease risk. This requires an integrated and spatially consistent effort toward the discovery of new parasite species. Using a large and representative dataset on the geographical coordinates where 4943 helminth species were first discovered, we first test whether the geographical distribution of parasite species reports is spatially congruent across helminth higher taxa; i.e. whether areas, where many trematodes are found, are also areas where many nematodes or cestodes have been discovered. Second, we test whether the global geographical distribution of new helminth species reports has changed significantly over time, i.e. across the last few decades. After accounting for spatial autocorrelation in the data, we find no strong statistical support for either of the patterns we investigated. Overall, our results indicate that helminth species discoveries are both spatially incongruent among higher taxa of helminths, and inconsistent over time. These findings suggest that the global parasite discovery effort is inefficient, spatially biased and subject to idiosyncrasies. Coordinated biodiscovery programmes, involving research teams with expertise in multiple taxonomic groups, seem the best approach to remedy these issues.