bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Refractory Chronic Cough: A State‐of‐the‐Art Review for Otolaryngologists
Authors: Lilly Gabriela L. , Carroll Thomas , Pietsch Kristine , Dhillon Vaninder , Bryson Paul C. , Akst Lee M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectivePatients with refractory chronic cough (RCC) are being seen in increasing numbers within otolaryngology clinics. Identifying the next steps in the evaluation and management of cough in patients who have had first‐line treatment for gastroesophageal reflux, sinonasal disease, pulmonary disease, and angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor‐related cough is paramount. This state‐of‐the‐art review focuses on emerging treatments for RCC from an otolaryngology perspective.Data SourcesPubmed.Review MethodsThe available literature on chronic cough, with a focus on RCC, emerging paradigms concerning pathophysiology, and evolving treatment approaches was reviewed and summarized.ConclusionsGuided by a more detailed understanding of refractory cough physiology, a myriad of new treatment options have been developed to treat RCC. These are primarily aimed at disrupting what is thought to be a hypersensitive cough reflex, whether by a dampening of its sensory inputs or an alteration in motor activity, and are inclusive of neuromodulator treatments, superior laryngeal nerve blockade, vocal fold augmentation, botulinum toxin injection, topical capsaicin, and potentially the eventual use of P2X3 antagonists. Improved laryngopharyngeal reflux diagnosis and management, as well as the potential benefit of behavioral cough suppression therapy, are also discussed.Implications for PracticeThe literature supporting each of these strategies is growing—and as more patients with RCC seek otolaryngology care, knowledge of these various approaches may improve the overall treatment of this condition.
Preparation and Characterization of Quick‐Setting Poly Cyanoacrylate Foams
Authors: Moslehi Mohsen , Rajabi‐Rozbahani Ehsan , Mirzaei‐Mosbat Maryam 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe primary aim of this project is to develop ultra‐high expansion and quick‐setting foams using poly (ethyl cyanoacrylate), poly (butyl cyanoacrylate), and poly (co‐ethyl‐butyl) cyanoacrylate. To achieve this, poly cyanoacrylate foams were created under various conditions, utilizing different monomers, initiators, foaming agents/solvents, and compositions. Several properties of the foams were assessed, including formation and expansion rates, mechanical strength, moisture absorption, thermal resistance, density, and morphology. The findings indicated that, under optimal conditions, the foams made from poly (ethyl cyanoacrylate), poly (butyl cyanoacrylate), and a copolymer of poly (ethyl cyanoacrylate‐co‐butyl cyanoacrylate) exhibited fast expansion times of approximately 0.9, 2, and 1.5 s, respectively. These foams demonstrated an average volume increase of about 35 times, 45 times, and 36 times compared to the raw materials. The average compressive strengths recorded were 6, 3, and 4 kg/cm2, while the average water absorption rates were 5%, 20%, and 7%, respectively.
The societal costs of avoidant personality disorder
Authors: Sveen Carl‐Aksel , Pedersen Geir , Wilberg Theresa , Kvarstein Elfrida Hartveit 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe study aims to estimate the societal costs of avoidant personality disorder (AvPD). Cross‐sectional data on AvPD patients during 2017–2020 were retrieved from the quality register of the Norwegian Network for Personality Disorders. Cost estimations were based on a bottom‐up approach, using a structured interview covering the 6‐month period prior to initial assessment. Unit costs were retrieved from public records. The human capital approach was used to calculate productivity losses. Diagnoses were determined according to DSM‐5 by semi‐structured diagnostic interviews (SCID‐5‐PD). Mean societal costs were €19,378 for the total group (N = 410). The subgroup with a single diagnosis (n = 270) incurred €18,818, whereas the subgroup with at least one comorbid PD (n = 140) incurred €20,458. The difference between the two subgroups was not statistically significant. The largest cost component was productivity loss (69%), whereas health service costs constituted 31%. The main contributors to societal costs from the health service cost components were inpatient treatment (18%) and individual outpatient treatment (11%). In conclusion, societal costs for AvPD patients were high, on the same level as borderline PD, schizotypal PD, and schizophrenia, and higher than anxiety disorders, depression, and rheumatoid arthritis. In the future, development of effective AvPD treatment programs enhancing personality functioning and workforce participation is important in order reduce the cost of illness.
Narcissistic personality disorder and emotion regulation in psychiatric inpatients
Authors: Smith Ryan P. , Bouras John M. , Frazier Christopher , Rufino Katrina A. , Patriquin Michelle A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundEmotional regulation difficulties in those with narcissistic personality disorder can cause problematic social and occupational functioning and inhibit treatment. Identifying which aspects of emotion regulation difficulties narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) patients have can help inform treatment.Adult psychiatric inpatients (N = 108) were assessed on measures of emotion regulation. Propensity score matching (PSM) was utilized to match inpatients with a diagnosis of NPD (n = 54) to psychiatric peers on several criteria. An analysis of variance compared groups at admission and discharge. A moderation analysis was used to explore the effects of neuroticism across the treatment for NPD, and cut scores were used to explore the effect of neuroticism on NPD patients at admission and discharge.NPD patients demonstrated more difficulties with impulse control, engaging in goal‐directed behaviours, clarity of emotions, emotional regulation strategies, and experiential avoidance at admission. NPD patients experienced difficulties with impulse control and acceptance of emotional responses at discharge. They were also more likely to end treatment before their peers. Neuroticism was a moderating factor in treatment of patients with NPD, with high neuroticism aligning with greater gains across treatment; however, high neuroticism NPD patients continued to report more difficulties with experiential avoidance and strategies for emotional regulation.LimitationsUse of self‐report measures, reliance on DSM criteria for NPD diagnoses, and the generalizability to non‐inpatient populations.ConclusionsNPD patients benefit from treatment but continue to struggle with aspects of emotion regulation. Addressing these aspects may help NPD patients receive more benefits from treatment.
Rock Glacier Kinematics in the Valles Calchaquíes Region, Northwestern Argentina, From Multi‐Temporal Aerial and Satellite Imagery (1968–2023)
Authors: Blöthe Jan Henrik , Falaschi Daniel , Vivero Sebastián , Tadono Takeo 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn semiarid mountain ranges, rock glaciers constitute an important part of the periglacial environment. However, quantitative data on the state of rock glacier activity remain scarce. Here, we derive kinematic information on rock glaciers located in the Valles Calchaquíes region (24–25° S) in Argentina from optical feature tracking in historical aerial photographs, ALOS PRISM, and CBERS‐4A imagery for 175 landforms between 1968 and 2023. To overcome matching difficulties resulting from varying image quality and lighting conditions, we make use of directional filters to enhance feature‐tracking performance. We find the mean surface velocities exceeding the limit of detection (LoD) of our analysis to fall between 0.28 and 0.70 m yr−1 for all three epochs. Automatically deriving moving areas (MAs) with homogeneous flow fields from our data, we find between 46% and 25% of MAs are exceeding the LoD of our analysis. Analyzing data that covers more than five decades, we find largely unchanged rock glacier velocities, despite significant warming documented for the region. Our study provides the first quantitative information on rock glacier kinematics for multiple landforms in the Desert Andes of Argentina, contributing important information to assess the impacts of climate warming on this remote periglacial environment.
Timeline of Weaning in Pediatric Long‐Term Mechanical Ventilator Dependent Children: A Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Kanbar Lara J. , Dexheimer Judith W. , Benscoter Dan T. , Amin Raouf S. , Schuler Christine L. , Pajor Nathan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundChildren with invasive long‐term mechanical ventilation (LTMV) dependence are a complex, heterogeneous population with wide variability in respiratory outcomes. Limited data exist on their ventilator weaning trajectories and respiratory characteristics as they progress toward liberation from the ventilator.ObjectiveTo describe a population of children with invasive LTMV dependence who have successfully liberated from ventilator support, focusing on ventilator parameters as potential early predictors of liberation.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of children who initiated chronic ventilator support at < 12 months of age at our institution, received ventilator support through a tracheostomy tube, were followed through our outpatient clinic, and were fully liberated from mechanical ventilation. Our primary outcome was age at liberation from ventilator support. Multiple covariates were described, including baseline descriptors, health system utilization descriptors, disease markers, and care milestones.ResultsSeventy‐eight patients were identified. The median age of tracheostomy was 3.8 [IQR: 3.0–4.8] months. The median age of first hospital discharge to home care was 9.3 months [IQR: 7.5–12], with a median of 44 hospital encounters after initial discharge. These patients were liberated at a median age of 23.9 [18.3–32.2] months. Age at liberation from the ventilator was highly variable within our institution.ConclusionThe most significant variation in outcome was introduced after hospital discharge and appears to be largely independent of lung disease severity as indicated by ventilatory support. No single covariate was strongly correlated with liberation outcome. Further studies are needed to identify underlying pathophysiology that may contribute to the varied weaning trajectories to better define objective weaning strategies.
Therapies Used by Children With Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia: A Natural History Study
Authors: Gardner Robert A. , Ferkol Thomas W. , Davis Stephanie D. , Rosenfeld Margaret , Sagel Scott D. , Dell Sharon D. , Milla Carlos E. , Li Lang , Lin Feng‐Chang , Sullivan Kelli M. , Zariwala Maimoona A. , Knowles Michael R. , Leigh Margaret W. ,   for the Genetic Disorders of Mucociliary Clearance Consortium
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionPrimary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) management has not been systematically evaluated and is largely empirical.MethodsPediatric participants with PCD were enrolled in a prospective, longitudinal, multicenter, observational study. Therapies were recorded at annual visits and categorized by type. Age‐related trends in prevalence of therapies were described by serial cross‐sectional analyses. Generalized estimating equations analyzed covariates affecting prevalence of certain therapies and whether these covariates impacted oral antibiotic courses.ResultsA total of 137 participants completed 897 visits over 13 years. All but one received ≥ 1 antibiotic courses during study participation, most often cephalosporins (74%) or amoxicillin‐clavulanate (73%). Thirty‐one percent reported chronic azithromycin use. Per participant, there was an average of 2.3 (SD = 2.2) oral antibiotic courses annually. The rate of reported antibiotic courses at the 6 United States sites was 2.6 times higher compared to the Canadian site (p < 0.001). As patients got older, they were more likely to report use of amoxicillin‐clavulanate (p < 0.001), chronic azithromycin (p < 0.001), fluroquinolones (p < 0.001), inhaled steroids with long‐acting beta‐agonists (p = 0.010), and hypertonic saline (p < 0.001). Compared to outer dynein arm defects, those with inner dynein arm/microtubular disorganization defects reported increased use of chronic azithromycin (p = 0.011) and inhaled steroids (p = 0.015).DiscussionOlder participants and those with inner dynein arm/microtubular disorganization defects reported more therapies likely due to disease progression and more severe phenotypes, respectively. We report that a wide range of therapies are used in PCD without disease‐specific studies defining benefits and risks.
Impact of Alignments on the Accuracy of Protein Subcellular Localization Predictions
Authors: Gillani Maryam , Pollastri Gianluca 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAlignments in bioinformatics refer to the arrangement of sequences to identify regions of similarity that can indicate functional, structural, or evolutionary relationships. They are crucial for bioinformaticians as they enable accurate predictions and analyses in various applications, including protein subcellular localization. The predictive model used in this article is based on a deep – convolutional architecture. We tested configurations of Deep N‐to‐1 convolutional neural networks of various depths and widths during experimentation for the evaluation of better‐performing values across a diverse set of eight classes. For without alignment assessment, sequences are encoded using one‐hot encoding, converting each character into a numerical representation, which is straightforward for non‐numerical data and useful for machine learning models. For with alignments assessment, multiple sequence alignments (MSAs) are created using PSI‐BLAST, capturing evolutionary information by calculating frequencies of residues and gaps. The average difference in peak performance between models with alignments and without alignments is approximately 15.82%. The average difference in the highest accuracy achieved with alignments compared with without alignments is approximately 15.16%. Thus, extensive experimentation indicates that higher alignment accuracy implies a more reliable model and improved prediction accuracy, which can be trusted to deliver consistent performance across different layers and classes of subcellular localization predictions. This research provides valuable insights into prediction accuracies with and without alignments, offering bioinformaticians an effective tool for better understanding while potentially reducing the need for extensive experimental validations. The source code and datasets are available at http://distilldeep.ucd.ie/SCL8/.
High gestational leucine level dampens WDPCP/MAPK signaling to impair the EMT and migration of cardiac microvascular endothelial cells in congenital heart defects
Authors: Hong Wei , You Guozhou , Luo Zhongming , Zhang Mingxiang , Chen Jian 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCongenital heart defects (CHDs) represent one of the most prevalent categories of neonatal defects, and maternal dietary patterns have been linked to the risk of these conditions. Branched‐chain amino acids (BCAAs), particularly leucine, are essential for various metabolic and physiological processes involved in heart development. In this study, we examined the molecular mechanisms through which elevated levels of leucine induce defects in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells. We collected plasma samples from healthy controls and neonatal patients with CHDs, employed a high‐leucine diet for pregnant female mice, and applied high‐leucine treatment in human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (HCMECs). The impacts of high‐leucine levels on WD Repeat Containing Planar Cell Polarity Effector (WDPCP)/MAPK signaling axis were investigated in the cell and animal models. We reported heightened plasma leucine levels in neonatal patients with CHDs and observed that a high‐leucine diet in pregnant mice was associated with reduced expression of WDPCP and attenuated MAPK/ERK signaling. High‐leucine treatment in HCMECs impaired epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell migration; however, overexpression of WDPCP or activation of MAPK exhibited a rescue effect. The upregulation of endomucin (EMCN) under high‐leucine conditions contributed to the impaired EMT and migratory capacity of HCMECs, and the WDPCP/MAPK signaling axis regulated EMCN overexpression in response to high‐leucine treatment. High levels of leucine in neonatal patients with CHDs may inhibit the WDPCP/MAPK axis, leading to an increase in EMCN expression that undermines the function of cardiac microvascular endothelial cells. These findings suggest the potential of targeting the WDPCP/MAPK axis as an intervention strategy for neonatal CHDs.
Robust Unknown Input Observer of Nonlinear Quadratic Systems With Application to Sensor Fault Estimation
Authors: Abdullah Ali 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTA robust unknown input observer (UIO) is designed for nonlinear quadratic systems (NQSs) affected by unknown input, disturbance, and noise. It is assumed that in this article the system states and their estimates are varying inside a hyper‐rectangle region of known vertices. Based upon satisfying the observer matching condition and the minimum phase condition (at every vertex of the hyper‐rectangle region of the system states and their estimates), a set of tractable linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) is derived for computing the design matrices of robust UIO. The design methodology of robust UIO is extended to NQSs affected by sensor fault, disturbance, and noise. By modeling the sensor fault as a system state with unknown sensor fault input, it is found that the observer matching condition is satisfied and only the minimum phase condition should be verified at every vertex of the hyper‐rectangle region of the system states and their estimates. Another set of tractable LMIs is derived to compute the design matrices of robust UIO, which simultaneously estimates the system's states and sensor faults. A practical example of a nonlinear quadratic Rössler circuit affected by sensor fault, disturbance, and noise is used to show the design steps and to verify the proposed robust UIO. Simulation results indicate the ability of the proposed robust UIO to simultaneously estimate the system's states and sensor faults of NQSs affected by disturbance and noise.
The future of decent work: Forecasting heat stress and the intersection of sustainable development challenges in India's brick kilns
Authors: Boyd Doreen S. , Jackson Bethany , Sparks Jessica Decker , Foody Giles M. , Girindran Renoy , Gosling Simon , Trodd Zoe , Ni Bhriain Laoise , Rodriguez‐Huerta Edgar 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe impacts of climate change‐induced heat stress on workers are most prevalent in sectors with decent work deficits and this requires consideration for sustainable development. This paper focuses on the informal economy of brick kilns in India, a sector reliant on piece‐rate payments to its migrant labour force. We forecast to 2050, through satellite mapping and climate modelling, the number of days with extreme heat, loss of labour capacity, and impact on annual brick production. The high spatial coincidence shown between kiln density and intensity of increase in the number of days of extreme heat, leading to a reduction in labour capacity and brick production, has implications for workers and supply chains. We suggest that as kilns, objects of sustainable development goal intersectionality, become more environmentally sustainable, monitored and regulated, labour, and health conditions should improve and adapting to decent work in the face of climate change becomes more achievable.
Molecular Docking Simulation and ADMET/Pharmacokinetic Screening of Newly Designed 2‐(2‐(aryl)‐4‐oxo‐4,5‐dihydrothiazol‐5‐yl)acetohydrazides as Potential Antitubercular Agents
Authors: Sajid Zaroon , Akhtar Tashfeen , Ahmad Khalil , Haroon Muhammad 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe in silico approach is a smart strategy to identify the potential of a compound to be biologically active against a target disease and to design a more efficient drug candidate. In this work, in silico molecular docking simulation of twenty two (22) newly designed 2‐(2‐(aryl)‐4‐oxo‐4,5‐dihydrothiazol‐5‐yl)acetohydrazides against DNA gyrase subunit B (Gyr B) is performed using AutoDock Vina. The majority of the designed molecules were found to have a binding affinity higher than the moxifloxacin standard drug. The top five scaffolds with the highest binding affinity (ranging from −6.5 to −7.0 kcal/mol) were chosen as the lead depending on the better orientation of the pose and H‐bond interactions. The ADME and toxicity profiles of the selected scaffolds were assessed through SwissADME and Pro‐Tox II, providing valuable insights into their potential safety and efficacy. The chosen compounds had excellent pharmacokinetic characteristics, including low toxicity, good oral bio‐availability, and acceptable GI absorption. The results suggest that the title compounds possess significant potential as lead molecules for the development of novel therapeutics against multidrug‐resistant tuberculosis, providing valuable insights for medicinal chemists and pharmaceutical professionals to design and synthesize novel drug candidates with improved efficacy.
Advanced Drug Delivery Systems for Topical Insulin in Diabetic Wound Healing
Authors: Barkhordari Sheida , Shahi Farangis , Khonakdar Hossein Ali 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDiabetes mellitus is a chronic condition characterized by impaired insulin production or utilization, leading to serious complications such as diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). DFUs are chronic wounds with high levels of inflammatory cytokines, arterial occlusion, and persistent infection, often resulting in significant morbidity. Traditional treatment methods, including debridement, offloading, and infection control, have shown limited success, prompting the exploration of novel therapeutic strategies. Insulin, known for its role in glucose metabolism, also possesses wound‐healing properties by promoting cell proliferation, protein synthesis, and modulating inflammation. However, systemic insulin administration is not ideal due to hypoglycemia risks and difficulties in achieving therapeutic concentrations at wound sites. This review focuses on advanced drug delivery systems for the topical application of insulin in wound dressings. Various delivery platforms, including hydrogels, nanoparticles, liposomes, and microemulsions have been developed to optimize insulin bioavailability, protect it from degradation, and ensure controlled release. These systems aim to enhance the management of diabetic wounds by addressing the multifactorial nature of wound healing complications in diabetic patients. The review provides a comprehensive overview of current advancements, evaluates the efficacy of these systems in preclinical and clinical studies, and discusses the challenges and future perspectives in this field. By highlighting the potential of these innovative approaches, this review underscores the promise of advanced topical insulin delivery systems in improving diabetic wound management and patient outcomes.