bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chinese herbal medicines in the prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting
Authors: Lv Chang , Shi Chengjin , Li Lifen , Wen Xuesen , Xian Cory J. 
Published: April 2018

Purpose of review
Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) critically impact on cancer patients’ quality of life, causing various complications, and increasing the risk of chemotherapeutic failure. Current treatments addressing CINV are reasonably costly and have many side effects. Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) have been widely used in treating CINV in China. Clinical trials and modern experimental studies on CINV using CHMs are reviewed for clues that may help us to better prevent and treat CINV with CHMs, and develop safe and effective treatments.

Recent findings
Since 1985, 92 clinical trials on CINV were identified, which comprised of 3778 patients with different cancer types, chemotherapy regimens, prescriptions, treatment durations, and combinations with Western medicines. The most frequently used herbs are Pinellia Rhizoma, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Poria, and Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, aiming to regulate the flow of Qi and remove phlegm and dampness residing in the stomach and spleen. Although all of the reported trials are randomized open trials, the curative effects range from 55.81 to 100%.

Summary
CHMs seem effective in the prevention and treatment of CINV based on the clinical trials and some animal experiments, although the scientific validity of many clinical studies remain to be confirmed as many of them were inadequately designed. Further well designed clinical trials and more preclinical studies with reliable markers are required to confirm the usefulness of CHMs as complementary medicines for treating CINV and to use CHMs as rational prescriptions rather than based only on empirical knowledge.
rawDiag - an R package supporting rational LC-MS method optimization for bottom-up proteomics
Authors: Trachsel Christian , Panse Christian , Kockmann Tobias , Wolski Witold E. , Grossmann Jonas , Schlapbach Ralph 
Published: April 2018

AbstractOptimizing methods for liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is a non-trivial task. Here we present rawDiag, a software tool supporting rational method optimization by providing MS operator-tailored diagnostic plots of scan level metadata. rawDiag is implemented as R package and can be executed on the command line, or through a graphical user interface (GUI) for less experienced users. The code runs platform independent and can process a hundred raw files in less than three minutes on current consumer hardware as we show by our benchmark. In order to demonstrate the functionality of our package, we included a real-world example taken from our daily core facility business.
Measuring the Impact of an Open Online Prescribing Data Analysis Service on Clinical Practice: a Cohort Study in NHS England Data
Authors: Walker Alex J , Curtis Helen J , Croker Richard , Bacon Seb , Goldacre Ben 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundOpenPrescribing is a freely accessible service that enables any user to view and analyse NHS primary care prescribing data at the level of individual practices. This tool is intended to improve the quality, safety, and cost-effectiveness of prescribing.ObjectivesWe set out to measure the impact of OpenPrescribing being viewed on subsequent prescribing.MethodsHaving pre-registered our protocol and code, we measured three different metrics of prescribing quality (mean percentile across 34 existing OpenPrescribing quality measures, available “price-per-unit” savings, and total “low-priority prescribing” spend) to see if they changed after CCG and practice pages were viewed. We also measured whether practices whose data were viewed on OpenPrescribing differed in prescribing, prior to viewing, to those who were not. We used fixed effects and between effects linear panel regression, to isolate change over time and differences between practices respectively. We adjusted for month of prescribing in the fixed effects model, to remove underlying trends in outcome measures.ResultsWe found a reduction in available price-per-unit savings for both practices and CCGs after their pages were viewed. The saving was greater at the practice level (−£40.42 per thousand patients per month, 95% confidence interval −54.04 to −26.01) than at CCG level (−£14.70 per thousand patients per month, 95% confidence interval −25.56 to −3.84). We estimate a total saving since launch of £243k at practice level and £1.47m at CCG level between the feature launch and end of follow-up (August to November 2017) among practices viewed. If the observed savings from practices viewed were extrapolated to all practices, this would generate £26.8m in annual savings for the NHS, approximately 20% of the total possible savings from this method. The other two measures were not different after CCGs/practices were viewed. Practices which were viewed had worse prescribing quality scores overall, prior to viewing.ConclusionsWe found a clinically significant positive impact from use of OpenPrescribing, specifically for the class of savings opportunities that can only be identified by using this tool. We also show that it is possible to conduct a robust analysis of the impact of such an online service on clinical practice.
Gene regulatory mechanisms underlying the evolutionary loss of a polygenic trait
Authors: Lammers Mark , Kraaijeveld Ken , Mariën Janine , Ellers Jacintha 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTrait loss is a pervasive phenomenon in evolution, yet the underlying molecular causes have been identified in only a handful of cases. Most of these involve loss-of-function mutations in one or more trait-specific genes. Parasitoid insects are fatty acid auxotrophs: they lost the ability to convert dietary sugars into fatty acids, a trait that is ubiquitous among non-parasitoid animals and is enabled by a highly conserved set of genes. Earlier research suggests that lack of lipogenesis is caused by changes in gene regulation, rather than gene decay. We compared transcriptome-wide responses to sugar-feeding in the non-lipogenic parasitoid species Nasonia vitripennis and the lipogenic Drosophila melanogaster. Both species adjusted their metabolism within four hours after feeding, but there was little overlap at the gene level between the responses of the two species. Even at the pathway-level, there were sharp differences between the expression profiles of the two species, especially in carbohydrate and lipid metabolic pathways. Several genes coding for key enzymes in acetyl-CoA metabolism, such as malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (MCD) and HMG-CoA synthase differed in expression between the two species. Their combined action likely blocks lipogenesis in the parasitoid species. Network analysis indicates most genes involved in these pathways to be highly connected, which suggest they have pleiotropic effects and could explain the absence of gene degradation. Our results indicate that modification of expression levels of only a few non-connected genes, such as MCD, is sufficient to enable complete loss of lipogenesis in N. vitripennis.
Building the confidence of first-time middle leaders in New Zealand primary schools
Authors: Bassett Martin , Shaw Nicholas 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
Middle leaders play an important role in the education landscape, first and foremost as teachers, and second as leaders. The purpose of this paper is to identify the expectations and challenges experienced by first-time middle leaders in New Zealand primary schools, and identify the leadership development and support they were provided with.

Design/methodology/approach
This was a small qualitative study designed to collect data from the perspectives of first-time middle leaders and principals in New Zealand primary schools. Three methods were employed. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six middle leaders who had been in the role for one to three years. These participants were identified through an analysis of recent public appointment records and then e-mailed with an invitation. Four principals from a local principals’ association were invited to comprise a focus group and relevant documents were analysed.

Findings
The findings from this study are presented in three sections: expectations, challenges and leadership development and support. Whilst the principals described wide and varied role expectations the middle leaders highlighted the importance of their teaching role with leadership responsibilities as secondary. From both perspectives time to do the administrative work was an overwhelming difficulty. A key finding was related to a lack of confidence to undertake the role in spite of efforts to provide and receive support. Overall, there was agreement that further development for new middle leaders was essential.

Research limitations/implications
This small, limited study highlights the central role that middle leaders play in leading learning and teaching, and the existence of a lack of confidence. Further research is needed to delve into conditions that would enable new middle leaders to manage the challenges of time and confidence.

Practical implications
The research recommends that practitioners who are new to a middle leadership role be allocated dedicated time for performing the administrative tasks and participating in an ongoing induction programme. The middle leaders themselves and their schools would benefit from efforts to strengthen middle leadership development.

Originality/value
Although a great deal has been written about middle leadership, there is only a small amount of research about primary schools. This research adds valuable new information in a primary school context and breaks new ground in researching early career, first-time middle leaders in this context.
Approaches to university public engagement in the online environment
Authors: Marino Vittoria , Lo Presti Letizia 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the construct of online public engagement by identifying the modalities universities use to give visibility to their approach on institutional websites.

Design/methodology/approach
An exploratory factor analysis outlined the principle dimensions that explain online public engagement starting from the analysis of a sample of American and English universities. To finish, a t-test shows the differences in the approaches to online public engagement in the sample universities.

Findings
The results of this analysis show that the construct of public engagement used for online communication has been investigated through three dimensions and that the American and English universities have different approaches in its declination.

Research limitations/implications
The analysis was conducted on a sample of American and English universities; however the study underlines the fact that the traditional approaches to public engagement can assume different connotations for online communication.

Practical implications
Coherent organization of the online communication of public engagement activities can reinforce the perception of the university in the eyes of both internal and external stakeholders. For this reason, research offers interesting input for evaluating which kind of strategy should be adopted for online public engagement in line with the desired positioning and as defined by the governing bodies of the university institutions. However, the universities still need to institutionalize public engagement.

Originality/value
This work constitutes the first attempt to investigate public engagement in the university context through the web, using quantitative methodologies in order to highlight the different strategic orientations and operative declinations.
Global trends and transformations in library science education
Authors: Wyman Andrea , Imamverdiyev Mushvig 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to review changes related to library and information science (LIS) education over the past 20 years.

Design/methodology/approach
The literature reviewed for this paper is obtained by internet and database searches and personal communication and is conducted to look for similarities and differences in LIS program changes. A time period for the review is set from 1997 to 2017, and is completed between January and October of 2017. The majority of the searches are conducted in English.

Findings
Numerous similarities in changes were evidenced in areas of LIS education, such as curriculum, identification of new training and skills, instructional methods, follow-up on graduates, research on the current job market and post-graduate training support. Differences were identified in areas of capability of program change due to country regulation and course change flexibility.

Originality/value
A review of global program changes is relevant for LIS programs to realize and maintain their value in today’s workforce. It is significant for LIS programs all over the globe to realize that their shifts in curricular and program changes are similar to other LIS programs or where differences can be equally important.
Effectiveness of joint specialist case conferences for building general practice capacity to enhance diabetes care
Authors: Meyerowitz-Katz Gideon , Bramwell Sian , Jayaballa Rajini , Bishay Ramy , Corless Ian , Ravi Sumathy , Soars Linda , Feng Xiaoqi , Astell-Burt Thomas , Manoharan Manimegalai , McLean Mark , Maberly Glen 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
Type 2 diabetes mellitus has become a major concern of Australian healthcare providers. From rates of barely more than 1 percent in the mid-90s, diabetes is now the leading cause of morbidity in the country. To combat the growing diabetes epidemic, Western Sydney Local Health District created the Western Sydney Diabetes (WSD) initiative. One of the key components of the WSD initiative since 2014 has been joint specialist case conferencing (JSCC). The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the JSCC service including both individual- and practice-based changes.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors evaluated the JSCC program by conducting an analysis of patient-level data in addition to a discrete practice-level study. The study aim was to examine both the effect on individual patients and the practice, as well as acceptability of the program for both doctors and their patients. The evaluation included data collection and analysis of primary patient outcomes, as well as a survey of GPs and patients. Patient data on primary outcomes were obtained by accessing and downloading them through GP practice management software by GP practice staff.

Findings
The authors found significant improvements at both the patient levels, with reductions in BMI, HbA1c and blood pressure sustained at three years, and at the practice level with improvements in markers of patient management. The authors also found high acceptability of the program from both patients and GPs.

Originality/value
This paper provides good evidence for the use of a JSCC program to improve diabetes management in primary care through capacity building with GPs.
Review of SOX in the business ethics literature
Authors: Gordon Irene M. , Nazari Jamal A. 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to examine the impact of the Sarbanes–Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) on the academic business ethics literature with the intent of making this research more accessible to those researchers and practitioners working in business ethics and other related fields. Specifically, the authors outline the types and scope of SOX-related research, examine the extent of reliance on SOX, identify which theoretical frameworks and research approaches are used and point out under-researched areas.

Design/methodology/approach
Using a descriptive approach, the authors examine the theoretical perspectives, classifying these perspectives into four groupings (economics, ethics/moral, psychological and sociological). Using counts, categorization and content analyses, the authors provide an overview of 115 articles with further analysis provided for articles relying heavily (n = 14) or moderately (n = 42) on SOX.

Findings
Whistleblowing and codes of ethics are well-researched topics. However, employment of some theories (e.g. signaling theory and stakeholder theory) and qualitative approaches are used less often. Other under-researched issues in the sample include CEO/CFO certifications, cost of compliance, auditor disclosures and empirical investigation of SOX and auditor independence (or corporate culture).

Research limitations/implications
The authors’ decision to use certain databases, search terms and research methods, and to focus on business ethics journals and English language articles are possible limitations.

Originality/value
The authors’ contributions comprise an examination of the scope of SOX topics and detailing how reliant the research is on SOX. The authors identify trends in this literature and provide evidence of the broad theoretical frameworks to better understand the breadth and depth of theories used.
Consumer security behaviors and trust following a data breach
Authors: Curtis Shelby R. , Carre Jessica Rose , Jones Daniel Nelson 
Published: April 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to determine how security statement certainty (overconfident, underconfident and realistic) and behavioral intentions of potential consumers impact the perceptions of companies in the presence or absence of a past security breach.Design/methodology/approachThe study exposed participants to three types of security statements and randomly assigned them to the presence or absence of a previous breach. Participants then evaluated the company and generated a hypothetical password for that company.FindingsThis study found that the presence or absence of a previous breach had a large impact on company perceptions, but a minimal impact on behavioral intentions to be personally more secure.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors found that the presence or absence of a previous breach had a large impact on company perceptions, but minimal impact on behavioral intentions to be personally more secure.Practical implicationsCompanies need to be cautious about how much confidence they convey to consumers. Companies should not rely on consumers engaging in secure online practices, even following a breach.Social implicationsCompanies need to communicate personal security behaviors to consumers in a way that still instills confidence in the company but encourages personal responsibility.Originality/valueThe confidence of company security statements and presence of a previous breach were examined for their impact on company perception and a novel dependent variable of password complexity.
Blessing or burden? Long‐term maintenance, complications and clinical outcome of intrathecal baclofen pumps
Authors: Chan David Yuen‐Chung , Chan Steve Sik‐Kwan , Chan Emily Kit‐Ying , Ng Amelia Yikjin , Ying Aaron Chee‐Lun , Li Ara Cheuk‐Yin , Chiu Candy Ching‐Pik , Cheung Ning , Mak Wai‐Kit , Sun David Tin‐Fung , Zhu Cannon Xian‐Lun , Poon Wai‐Sang 
Published: April 2018

AimThe intrathecal baclofen pump is an effective treatment for spasticity. However, long‐term results have reported patients’ dissatisfaction and perception of disability. Potential causes include a frequent need for baclofen pump refill and risks of complications. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the long‐term maintenance, complications and clinical outcome of intrathecal baclofen pumps.Patients and MethodsWe conducted a 16‐year retrospective cohort study of patients with spasticity treated with an intrathecal baclofen pump at a university hospital from 2000 to 2016. The primary outcome was the rate of infection per puncture for baclofen pump refill. Secondary outcomes included the incidence of other complications, such as running out of baclofen causing symptomatic withdrawal symptoms, pump mechanical failure, pump battery end of life and the need for pump replacement. The clinical outcome was assessed by the Modified Ashworth Scale (mAS).ResultsIn total, 340 follow‐up episodes with pump refill procedures were recorded. The average interval between each pump refill was 57.3 days (±15.4 days). The average duration of admission for each pump refill was 4 h and 49 min (from 2 h 23 min to 10 h). There were two events with established infection after puncture for the refill, giving rise to an infection rate per puncture of 0.6 percent (2/340).For the long‐term clinical outcome, at an average follow‐up period of 7.6 years, the postoperative mAS for spasticity was 2.0 ± 0.756, which was significantly better than the preoperative mAS at 3.75 ± 0.462 (P = 0.001).ConclusionLong‐term aftercare with baclofen pump refill was safe, with an infection rate of 0.6 per cent per puncture for each refill. Long‐term intrathecal baclofen pump was effective in the treatment of spasticity with persistent significant improvement in the spasticity scale.
Bacterial potentials for uptake, solubilization and mineralization of extracellular phosphorus in agricultural soils are highly stable under different fertilization regimes
Authors: Grafe Martin , Goers Manuela , von Tucher Sabine , Baum Christel , Zimmer Dana , Leinweber Peter , Vestergaard Gisle , Kublik Susanne , Schloter Michael , Schulz Stefanie 
Published: April 2018

SummaryPhosphorus is one of the most important macronutrient for plants. In agriculture, amending fertilizer with phosphorus (P) is common practice. However, natural phosphorus sources are finite, making research for more sustainable management practices necessary. We postulated that the addition of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) would stimulate phosphorus mobilization by bacteria because of their desire to maintain a stable intracellular C:N:P stoichiometry. Therefore, we chose a metagenomic approach to investigate two agricultural soils, which only received mineral N fertilizer or mineral N and organic fertilizer for more than 20 years. The most abundant genes involved in the acquisition of external P sources in our study were those involved in solubilization and subsequent uptake of inorganic phosphorus. Independent of site and season, the relative abundance of genes involved in P turnover was not significantly affected by the addition of fertilizers. However, the type of fertilization had a significant impact on the diversity pattern of bacterial families harbouring genes coding for the different P transformation processes. This gives rise to the possibility that fertilizers can substantially change phosphorus turnover efficiency by favouring different families. Additionally, none of the families involved in phosphorus turnover covered all investigated processes. Therefore, promoting bacteria which play an essential role specifically in mobilization of hardly accessible phosphorus could help to secure the phosphorus supply of plants in soils with low P input.
Regret, shame, and denials of women's voluntary sterilization
Authors: Lalonde Dianne 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWomen face extraordinary difficulty in seeking sterilization as physicians routinely deny them the procedure. Physicians defend such denials by citing the possibility of future regret, a well‐studied phenomenon in women's sterilization literature. Regret is, however, a problematic emotion upon which to deny reproductive freedom as regret is neither satisfactorily defined and measured, nor is it centered in analogous cases regarding men's decision to undergo sterilization or the decision of women to undergo fertility treatment. Why then is regret such a concern in the voluntary sterilization of women? I argue that regret is centered in women's voluntary sterilization due to pronatalism or expectations that womanhood means motherhood. Women seeking voluntary sterilization are regarded as a deviant identity that rejects what is taken to be their essential role of motherhood and they are thus seen as vulnerable to regret.