bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical profile and outcome in children with dengue fever
Authors: Nayak N. Prasad , Ahamed Zaheer , Maben Roshan 
Published: June 2018

Background: Dengue fever (DF) has emerged as a serious health threat not only in India but worldwide. Mangalore, a coastal city of Karnataka has seen an alarming rise in dengue fever (DF) over the last decade. So, it is of utmost importance to study the clinical profile and treatment outcome in children suffering from dengue fever.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the clinical profiles and treatment outcome. The case files of 52 children admitted with dengue fever over last 5 years (2009-2014) in Pediatric department in a tertiary care centre located in Mangalore, Karnataka were included in this study. The data was collected from the Medical Records department. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS 16.0.Results: Children aged 4-12 years are more affected (59.6%). Fever was present in all the cases. 63.5% of the cases had petechiae and other bleeding manifestations were seen in 9.6% of the cases. Poor intake was seen in all the cases. Abdominal pain, maculopapular rash, respiratory distress, retro-orbital pain, convulsions were present in 96.2%,50%,15.4%,78.8% and 1.9% respectively. Hypotension in 86.5%, hepatomegaly in 65.4% and vomiting was seen in 100% of cases. ICU admission was done for 41 patients (78.8%). However, there was no mortality seen.Conclusions: Early diagnosis and prompt management will help in preventing serious morbidity and mortality in pediatric age group.
Clinical profile of cerebral palsy: a study from multidisciplinary clinic at tertiary care centre
Authors: Kumar Raj , Gupta Anand Kumar , Runu Ritesh , Pandey Sanjay Kumar , Kumar Manish 
Published: June 2018

Background: Cerebral Palsy (CP) is combined disorder of movement, posture, and motor function and may be associated sensory, neurological and musculoskeletal complications. It is a permanent condition attributed to nonprogressive disturbances that occurred in the developing brain. The aim of this study is to Cerebral Palsy (CP) is combined disorder of movement, posture, and motor function and may be associated sensory, neurological and musculoskeletal complications. It is a permanent condition attributed to nonprogressive disturbances that occurred in the developing brain.Methods: Retro prospective cross-sectional study done in super speciality tertiary care centre of East India. Total 70 Children enrolled in multidisciplinary CP clinic in Physical medicine and Rehabilitation (PMR) OPD between September 2017- March 2018.Results: 78.57%male and 21.42% female, all had hospital delivery with 78.5% had normal and 21.5% caesarean section. 70% had history of birth asphyxia and 61.5% required NICU admission. 61.4% had birth wt. less than 2 kg and 10% had birth wt. less than 1kg. One fourth cases had microcephaly and one third had history of seizures. Visual abnormalities, Hearing impairment and history of jaundice were found in about one sixth children. Spastic CP was the most common (76% cases) followed by Dyskinetic 10%, Hyponic and Ataxic (1%). In spastic CP Diplegia was most common (55%), followed by Quadriplegia 24%, Hemiplegia 19% and Monoplegia 2%. GMFCS score 5 was seen in 29% (mostly quadriplegic), followed by GMFCS level 1, 21.27% (mostly hemiplegic), others mostly diplegic in level 3(19%), level 2 and 4 (14%).Conclusions: Male CP are more reaching tertiary care centre in Bihar. Perinatal factors (asphyxia) were main etiological risk factor, and Spastic Diplegia is the most common type of CP. Disability need to be detected at the earliest to facilitate a timely and appropriate intervention like early rehabilitation, special education and psycho-social support.
Gastric aspirate cytology as a screening tool for neonatal sepsis: a prospective study from a tertiary care centre
Authors: Kumar Ranjith , Reddy Bhaskar , Soren Chapay , Reddy Venkataramana , . Raheemunisa 
Published: June 2018

Background: Neonatal sepsis is a clinical syndrome of bacteremia characterized by systemic signs and symptoms of infection in the first 28 days of life. It is responsible for 30-50% of the total neonatal deaths each year in developing countries. Gastric aspirate cytology has been used for neonatal infection. The presence of more than five polymorphs per high power field co-relate with neonatal infection. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the utility of gastric aspirate cytology as a screening tool for neonatal sepsis and to determine the polymorphonuclear leukocytes count in smear of gastric aspirate and correlating it with culture proven sepsis.Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted from February 2017 to January 2018 at level III Neonatal intensive care Unit of Sri Venkata Sai Medical College and Hospital, Mahabubnagar, Telangana. A total of 108 neonates with risk factor and / or clinical features of sepsis were included in the study.Results: Out of 108 neonates, 40 were blood culture positive and 68 were culture negative. Gastric aspirate smear showed ≥5 polymorphs in 30 and <5 polymorphs in 10 neonates with positive blood culture. Among blood culture negative cases, 20 had ≥5 polymorphs and 48 had <5 polymorphs in gastric aspirate smear. Gastric aspirate culture was positive in 48 neonates and negative in 60 neonates. Of the 48 gastric aspirate positive neonates, 45 had ≥5 polymorphs and 3 had <5 polymorphs in gastric aspirate smear. Similarly, among 60 gastric aspirate culture negative neonates, 55 had ≥5 polymorphs and 3 had <5 polymorphs in gastric aspirate smear. This was statistically significant (P<0.000001). Of 48 neonates with positive gastric aspirate culture, 30 had positive blood culture and 18 had negative blood culture.Conclusions: Gastric aspirate cytology is a good screening tool for neonatal sepsis added to a detailed perinatal history and clinical examination but does not completely substitute the present day available screening parameters.
Assessment of nutritional status among elderly population in a rural area in Manipur: community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: O. Joymati , Ningombam Minita , Rajkumari Bishwalata , Gangmei Agatha 
Published: June 2018

Background: Malnutrition in elderly (≥60 years) is both a health outcome as well as a risk factor for diseases. It increases the risk both of morbidity and mortality among them. Objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of nutritional status among elderly people and any associated factors between nutritional status with selected variables of interest.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from March to April, 2017 in a rural community in Kongpal in Imphal East, Manipur in North-Eastern India. Using a structured interview schedule, data were collected from 245 elderly people aged ≥60 years. For nutritional assessment, Mini nutritional assessment tool (MNA) was used. Descriptive statistics like mean (SD) and Chi-square test was used. P<0.05 was taken as significant.Results: A total of 250 eligible individuals participated. Mean age (SD) was 69.5 (±7.7) years and majority (82.4%) belonged to 60-74 age groups. Around three-fifth of the respondents (56.0%) reported they suffered from co-morbid illnesses. According to MNA tool, one-fifths (20.8%) of respondents were malnourished and 49.2% at risk of malnourished. Significant association was found between being malnourished with older age group, female gender, among unmarried/widow/widower, lower educational level, unemployed/ homemaker and financially dependent on other.Conclusions: The overall prevalence of malnutrition and at risk of malnutrition in our study was 20.8% and 49.2%. Approaches to improve the nutritional status of the elderly should focus primarily on those who are older, low educational status, female gender and financially dependence.
Effect of sleep deprivation on the liver, kidney and heart: histological and immunohistochemical study
Authors: Taha Medhat , Rady Hagar Y. , Olama Nouran K. 
Published: June 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Sleep deprivation is verging on a public health epidemic. It induced mild organ injuries through oxidative stress. The present study aimed at evaluating possible histopathological and immunohistochemical alterations caused by sleep deprivation on the liver, heart and kidney.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 36 Wistar senile male albino rats were divided into two groups; control and experimental. Experimental rats were placed in a plastic cage, with grid floor placed inside it. The cage was filled with water to 1 cm below the grid surface. The stainless-steel rods of the grid were set 2 cm apart from each other. Loss of muscle tone associated with sleep caused them to touch the water and wake up. At the end of the experiment, animals were sacrificed by decapitation on days 1, 3 and 5. Liver, kidney and heart were obtained and dissected. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> In SSD1 group, liver cells showed early stage of hepatic steatosis while mucolipidosis within hepatocytes was detected in SSD3 and the degree of steatosis increased in SSD5. Renal glomerular congestion was detected in SSD1. In SSD3 vascular congestion of glomerular tufts and apoptosis of the lining tubular epithelium was seen. Renal casts were formed in SSD5. In SSD1 lysis of myocardial fibrils was seen. Myocardial fibers degeneration represented by increase sarcoplasmic eosinophilia in SSD3. Sarcoplasmic vacuolation and nuclear chromatolysis increased in SSD5. Staining with GFAP and P53 showed various results among the liver, heart and kidney.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Sleep deprivation might induce multiple organ injury through oxidative stress causing altered histological appearance.</p>
Effect of storage time on prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time: study at a tertiary care center in Kashmir valley
Authors: Geelani Sajad , Wani Gul Sajad , Khan Subuh Parvez , Qadri Syed Mudasir , Rasool Javid , Quadri Syed Saulat , Khan Fiza Parvez 
Published: June 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) are tests of haemostasis commonly employed in the evaluation of coagulopathies. Storage temperature and time interval between sample collection and testing can have a significant effect on results of coagulation tests. The aims of the study were investigate whether storage temperature and time influence the results of routine coagulation tests and whether any changes caused by delayed analysis results in a clinically relevant difference, as well as to establish our own acceptable storage temperature and time guidelines.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This study was conducted at Department of Clinical Haematology, in a tertiary care center in Kashmir valley. This study included 50 cases. Individuals with chronic liver diseases or cardiovascular disorders, subjects on anticoagulant therapy were excluded. 25 samples were observed at room temperature (RT) and 25 samples at 2-8°C. PT and APTT was measured at 0, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 24 hours both at RT and 2-8°C. Findings at 0 hr were compared to findings at 2,4, 8,16 and 24 hours in both the groups. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> In case of PT, reliable results were obtained up to 24 hrs either kept at RT or at 2 to 8°C and for APTT reliable results were obtained up to 4 hours kept at RT or at 2 to 8°C as there was no significant change during this period.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Coagulation test should be performed as soon as possible with PT being performed before 24 hours and APTT before 4 hours of collection of sample irrespective of whether the sample has been preserved at RT or in refrigerator.</p>
Oncocytoma of parotid gland: a rare case report
Authors: Shrestha Bikash Lal , Rajbhandari Pradeep 
Published: June 2018

<p class="abstract">Oncocytoma of parotid gland is a rare tumor that mainly affects the age groups of sixth to eight decades. The treatment of this tumor is mainly surgical with either radical or superficial parotidectomy and<em> </em>the prognosis is excellent. In our case report, 72 years old female came with complain of slowly growing, painless swelling on right infra auricular area which was diagnosed as oncocytoma of parotid gland. She was successfully treated with superficial parotidectomy. Since the oncocytoma of parotid gland is very rare tumor and may confuse with other parotid diseases like pleomorphic adenoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma. As the cure rate of the disease is excellent, so it is advised to make the appropriate diagnosis whenever the case is encountered.</p>
Effect of local vitamin E versus local dexamethasone on prevention of myringosclerosis
Authors: Mandour Yasser Mohammad Hassan , Elsayed Mohamed 
Published: June 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The objective of the study was to compare between effect of local vitamin E and local dexamethasone on prevention of myringosclerosis induced by ventilation tube in human tympanic membranes.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 90 children undergoing myringotomy with ventilation tube insertion were divided into 3 groups: group-I: 30 children undergoing myringotomy with ventilation tube insertion only, group-II: 30 children under- going myringotomy with ventilation tube insertion with use of local vit E, group-III: 30 children under going myringotomy with ventilation tube insertion with use of local dexamethasone. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The incidence of myringosclerosis occurance with otoscopic and microscopic examination was lesser in group 2 (6 ears) in which local vit E was applied than group 3 (11 ears) in which local dexamethasone was applied and also than group1 in which no local medication was applied (21 ears).</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> In this study results suggest that applying local vit E in children under going myringotomy with ventilation tube insertion more effective than use of local dexamethasone in children undergoing myringotomy with ventilation tube insertion on limiting the intensity and prevalence of myringosclerosis. </p>
Perceptive evaluation of the severity of dysphonia among Lebanese bilingual subjects
Authors: Remman Reina , Matar Nayla , Puech Michèle 
Published: June 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Perceptive analysis of voice represents a basic and fundamental early step in the process of evaluating voice quality. Several factors seem to affect the results. Prominent among them is bilingualism, a common occurrence among Lebanese youths who frequently speak a second or third language in addition to their native tongue Arabic.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This study aims to find pertinent information for the characterization of the severity of dysphonia depending on the language spoken by Lebanese bilingual subjects. The intent is to try to appreciate if voice seems more dysphonic in the Lebanese language compared to French and English. The sample comprises twenty-two Lebanese dysphonic women, aged between twenty and sixty years. They all read a text in Lebanese Arabic and another one in French or in English, depending on the languages that they use on a regular basis. Voice recordings are rated by four expert listeners. Two listening sessions are organized using the G, R and B criteria of Hirano’s GRBAS scale. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Results show that the voice appears more dysphonic with a more pronounced roughness when reading in French for bilingual French/Arabic subjects than it is for English/Arabic persons reading in English. However, the patients speaking French and Arabic appear to be more dysphonic as a group compared to the patients speaking English and Arabic.</p><p style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> It is important to enlarge the number of participants to get more accurate results. However, the suggested corpus in Lebanese Arabic seems to be adapted for the evaluation of voice quality.</p>
Sphenoid sinus mucoceles
Authors: Devarasetty Amarnath , Natarajan Kiran , Begum Thangammal , R. S. Anand kumar , Kameswaran Mohan 
Published: June 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Mucoceles are cyst-like lesions lined with respiratory epithelium that most commonly produce bone destruction within the paranasal sinuses. The spread of mucoceles is variable; hence they may cause different symptoms. In a majority of patients, mucoceles involve the frontal sinuses and the ethmoidal labyrinth. Sphenoidal mucoceles are rare and have an incidence of 1%. Prompt management of sphenoidal mucoceles is recommended in order to avoid potentially devastating complications. Our objective was to analyze the various presenting symptoms &amp; signs of sphenoid mucoceles in twelve patients and the outcomes of management.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Twelve patients were diagnosed with sphenoidal mucocele over an 18 year period (January 1998 - December 2015). All patients underwent diagnostic nasal endoscopy, CT / MRI scans prior to management. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Twelve<strong> </strong>patients with sphenoid mucocele presented with variable signs &amp; symptoms to a tertiary ENT care facility.<strong> </strong>All patients were successfully managed by endoscopic sinus surgery. Two out of three patients with diminished vision had complete recovery of vision after the procedure. One patient with complete loss of vision had no recovery after endoscopic sinus surgery.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Imaging<strong> </strong>plays a vital role in diagnosis of sphenoid mucoceles.<strong> </strong>The close proximity of the optic nerve to the sphenoid sinus makes it very vulnerable to get involved. Early<strong> </strong>diagnosis and management of sphenoid mucoceles<strong> </strong>is crucial. </p>
Fine needle aspiration cytology accuracy in diagnosis of thyroid lesions: a comparative study with histopathological examination of thyroid swellings
Authors: Nautiyal Shivani , Jain Alok , Tiwari Shashwat , Ashutosh Kumar 
Published: June 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Thyroid enlargement, whether diffuse or in the form of a nodule, leads to a battery of investigations to be done. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is usually the first line of investigation but the limitations of cytology are well recognized in the diagnosis of some thyroid malignancies, in particular it is not able to differentiate between follicular adenoma and carcinoma. We conducted a prospective study to assess the role of FNAC in diagnosing the nature of thyroid swelling and comparing its result with histopathology finding.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This was a prospective study conducted on 100 consecutive patients presented with thyroid swelling in department of otorhinolaryngology. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The present data show high specificity (96.29%) of FNAC as compared to sensitivity, which came out to be (78.9%). Positive and negative predictive value is 93.75% and 95.23%. This is quite similar to previous studies.</p><p class="p1"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> FNAC has high specificity (96.29%), sensitivity (78.9%), positive predictive value (93.75%), negative predictive value (95.23%) and accuracy (95%) therefore it can be reliably used as initial investigation. A benign FNAC diagnosis should be viewed with caution as false negative results do occur and these patients should be followed up clinico-radiologically for any progression that will require repeated FNAC and/or surgery. </p>
Otomycosis: a clinical and mycological study
Authors: Singh T. Dinesh , Sudheer C. P. 
Published: June 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The term otomycosis is used to describe fungal infection of ear i.e. external auditory canal, eardrum. This condition appears as a primary infection or develops along with external bacterial infections as a results of antibiotic therapy. This study was designed to determine the clinical symptoms and fungal flora of otomycosis cases.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A total 100 (53% males, 47% females) clinically diagnosed otomycosis cases between 06-70 years were included. The external auditory meatus debris was collected by sterile swabs and sent to the microbial laboratory investigations. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Highest prevalence was seen in the age group 21-30 years. Itching in the ear was commonest symptom in 89%, followed by ear ache. Positive fungal growth was seen in 94% cases. <em>Aspergillus</em> was the common isolate in 63% cases, followed by <em>Aspergillus niger</em> with <em>Candida albicans</em> (10%), <em>penicillium</em> in 4% cases and <em>Candida</em> in 3% cases. Coagulase negative <em>Staphylococcus </em>was seen in 32% cases, followed by <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> (12%), <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (16%), <em>E. coli</em> (11%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The genus most commonly involved in otomycosis is <em>Aspergillus</em> followed by <em>Candida</em><strong>. </strong>Clinical improvement was seen in 91% of cases and most of the cases responded satisfactorily with topical clotrimazole. </p>
Acquired cholesteatoma in children: presentation, complications and management
Authors: Khavasi Prabhu , Bhargavi Karra , Malashetti Santosh P. , C. Yasha 
Published: June 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Acquired cholesteatoma in children is an aggressive disease due to its rapid growth and high recurrence rate. The objective of the study was to assess clinical features of cholesteatoma in children and evaluate our experience in the overall management of this disease.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This is a retrospective study of 20 children aged 6-15 years operated on for acquired middle ear cholesteatoma from June 2016 to December 2017. An analysis was made about the clinical and operative findings, surgical approaches and the overall management of complications. The data were then compared with the relevant and available literature. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Majority of the children presented with complaints of otorrhoea (100%), decreased hearing (90%), otalgia (50%), complications (25%) and most of them (85%) were operated by canal wall down mastoidectomy technique (CWD).</p><strong>Conclusions:</strong>Canal wall down mastoidectomy is the optimal management technique for adequate exposure and removal of cholesteatoma in paediatric population.<p> </p>