bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating the impact of divergent mating phenology between residents and migrants on the potential for gene flow
Authors: Bonner Colin , Sokolov Nina A. , Westover Sally Erin , Ho Michelle , Weis Arthur E. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractGene flow between populations can allow the spread of beneficial alleles and genetic diversity between populations, with importance to conservation, invasion biology, and agriculture. Levels of gene flow between populations vary not only with distance, but also with divergence in reproductive phenology. Since phenology is often locally adapted, arriving migrants may be reproductively out of synch with residents, which can depress realized gene flow. In flowering plants, the potential impact of phenological divergence on hybridization between populations can be predicted from overlap in flowering schedules—the daily count of flowers capable of pollen exchange—between a resident and migrant population. The accuracy of this prospective hybridization estimate, based on parental phenotypes, rests upon the assumptions of unbiased pollen transfer between resident and migrant active flowers. We tested the impact of phenological divergence on resident–migrant mating frequencies in experiments that mimicked a single large gene flow event. We first prospectively estimated mating frequencies two lines of Brassica rapaselected or early and late flowering. We then estimated realized mating frequencies retrospectively through progeny testing. The two estimates strongly agreed in a greenhouse experiment, where procedures ensured saturating, unbiased pollination. Under natural pollination in the field, the rate of resident–migrant mating, was lower than estimated by phenological divergence alone, although prospective and retrospective estimates were correlated. In both experiments, differences between residents and migrants in flowering schedule shape led to asymmetric hybridization. Results suggest that a prospective estimate of hybridization based on mating schedules can be a useful, although imperfect, tool for evaluating potential gene flow. They also illustrate the impact of mating phenology on the magnitude and symmetry of reproductive isolation.
Upward elevation and northwest range shifts for alpine Meconopsis species in the Himalaya–Hengduan Mountains region
Authors: He Xie , Burgess Kevin S. , Yang Xue‐Fei , Ahrends Antje , Gao Lian‐Ming , Li De‐Zhu 
Published: March 2019

AbstractClimate change may impact the distribution of species by shifting their ranges to higher elevations or higher latitudes. The impacts on alpine plant species may be particularly profound due to a potential lack of availability of future suitable habitat. To identify how alpine species have responded to climate change during the past century as well as to predict how they may react to possible global climate change scenarios in the future, we investigate the climatic responses of seven species of Meconopsis, a representative genus endemic in the alpine meadow and subnival region of the Himalaya–Hengduan Mountains. We analyzed past elevational shifts, as well as projected shifts in longitude, latitude, elevation, and range size using historical specimen records and species distribution modeling under optimistic (RCP 4.5) and pessimistic (RCP 8.5) scenarios across three general circulation models for 2070. Our results indicate that across all seven species, there has been an upward shift in mean elevation of 302.3 m between the pre‐1970s (1922–1969) and the post‐1970s (1970–2016). The model predictions suggest that the future suitable climate space will continue to shift upwards in elevation (as well as northwards and westwards) by 2070. While for most of the analyzed species, the area of suitable climate space is predicted to expand under the optimistic emission scenario, the area contracts, or, at best, shows little change under the pessimistic scenario. Species such as M. punicea, which already occupy high latitudes, are consistently predicted to experience a contraction of suitable climate space across all the models by 2070 and may consequently deserve particular attention by conservation strategies. Collectively, our results suggest that the alpine high‐latitude species analyzed here have already been significantly impacted by climate change and that these trends may continue over the coming decades.
Overall grazing tolerance index (overall GTI) is not an ideal predictor for describing a single‐species tolerance to grazing
Authors: Zhang Lulu , Zhu Zhihong , Li Yingnian , Qian Zengqiang , Liu Gang , Wang Xiaoan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPlants' pattern of compensatory growth is often used to intuitively estimate their grazing tolerance. However, this tolerance is sometimes measured by the overall grazing tolerance index (overall GTI), which assumes that tolerance is a multivariate linear function of various underlying mechanisms. Because the interaction among mechanisms is not independent, the grazing tolerance expression based on overall GTI may be inconsistent with that based on compensatory growth. Through a manipulative field experiment from 2007 to 2012, we measured the responses of 12 traits of Elymus nutans to clipping under different resource availabilities in an alpine meadow and explored the compensatory aboveground biomass and the overall GTI to assess the possible differences between the two expressions of tolerance. Our results showed that these two expressions of tolerance were completely opposite. The expression based on overall GTI was over‐compensatory and did not vary with clipping and resource availability, while the expression based on compensatory aboveground biomass was under‐compensatory and altered to over‐compensation after fertilization. The over‐expression of highly variable traits with extremely high negative mean GTI to defoliation damage, the influence of random errors contained in traits considered, and the doubling weight of functional redundant traits greatly inflated the overall GTI, which leads to the inconsistency of the two tolerance expressions. This inconsistency is also associated with the different determining mechanisms of the two tolerance expressions. Our data suggest that plants' grazing tolerance is not a multivariate linear function of traits or mechanisms that determine grazing tolerance; the overall GTI is only a measure of traits' variability to defoliation damage. Our findings highlight that the tolerance of E. nutans mainly depends on the response of traits with lower variability to defoliation, and the overall GTI is not an ideal predictor for describing a single‐species tolerance to grazing.
Response of wild bee diversity, abundance, and functional traits to vineyard inter‐row management intensity and landscape diversity across Europe
Authors: Kratschmer Sophie , Pachinger Bärbel , Schwantzer Martina , Paredes Daniel , Guzmán Gema , Goméz José A. , Entrenas José A. , Guernion Muriel , Burel Françoise , Nicolai Annegret , Fertil Albin , Popescu Daniela , Macavei Laura , Hoble Adela , Bunea Claudiu , Kriechbaum Monika , Zaller Johann G. , Winter Silvia 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAgricultural intensification is a major driver of wild bee decline. Vineyards may be inhabited by plant and animal species, especially when the inter‐row space is vegetated with spontaneous vegetation or cover crops. Wild bees depend on floral resources and suitable nesting sites which may be found in vineyard inter‐rows or in viticultural landscapes. Inter‐row vegetation is managed by mulching, tillage, and/or herbicide application and results in habitat degradation when applied intensively. Here, we hypothesize that lower vegetation management intensities, higher floral resources, and landscape diversity affect wild bee diversity and abundance dependent on their functional traits. We sampled wild bees semi‐quantitatively in 63 vineyards representing different vegetation management intensities across Europe in 2016. A proxy for floral resource availability was based on visual flower cover estimations. Management intensity was assessed by vegetation cover (%) twice a year per vineyard. The Shannon Landscape Diversity Index was used as a proxy for landscape diversity within a 750 m radius around each vineyard center point. Wild bee communities were clustered by country. At the country level, between 20 and 64 wild bee species were identified. Increased floral resource availability and extensive vegetation management both affected wild bee diversity and abundance in vineyards strongly positively. Increased landscape diversity had a small positive effect on wild bee diversity but compensated for the negative effect of low floral resource availability by increasing eusocial bee abundance. We conclude that wild bee diversity and abundance in vineyards is efficiently promoted by increasing floral resources and reducing vegetation management frequency. High landscape diversity further compensates for low floral resources in vineyards and increases pollinating insect abundance in viticulture landscapes.
Can retention harvests help conserve wildlife? Evidence for vertebrates in the boreal forest
Authors: Franklin Caroline M. A. , Macdonald S. Ellen , Nielsen Scott E. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractRetention harvesting, or the approach of leaving live mature trees behind during forest harvest, is used in natural disturbance‐based management to mitigate the effects of logging on biodiversity. However, responses of many boreal vertebrates to variable retention harvesting are unknown. We investigated the influence of different retention levels in forest harvests on stand use by wildlife 15–18 yr post‐harvest using a combination of surveys of wildlife signs (scats, middens) and camera trapping. Site‐level measures of forest structure, including canopy cover, horizontal cover, tree height, tree diameter, basal area, cover of downed coarse woody material, and understory plant cover, were used to describe post‐harvest differences in habitats used by common wildlife species in northwest Alberta's boreal forest. Stand use of six species (black bear, coyote, fisher, red squirrel, wolverine, woodland caribou) increased with level of retention, while stand use of two species (grouse, snowshoe hare) declined with retention level. Retention level did not significantly affect stand use of five species (American marten, Canada lynx, deer, gray wolf, moose). Higher levels of retention characterized by greater canopy cover, basal area, and abundance of deadwood were associated with use of forest habitats by late‐seral species. Woodland caribou, a species of conservation concern, was detected only in harvested stands with at least 20% retention. Greater understory and horizontal cover characterized lower levels of retention being attractive for early‐seral species. These findings demonstrate the value of retention harvesting for conservation of wildlife species in boreal forest, while highlighting the challenge of managing forests for multiple species with different habitat preferences.
Structure‐soil‐structure interaction of adjacent buildings subjected to seismic loading
Authors: Bybordiani Milad , Arici Yalin 
Published: March 2019

SummaryThe problem of the through‐soil coupling of structures has puzzled the researchers in the field for a long while, especially regarding the varied performance of identical, adjacent buildings in earthquakes. The phenomenon of structure‐soil‐structure interaction (SSSI) that has often been overlooked is recently being recognized: The possible effects in urban regions are yet to be thoroughly quantified. In this respect, the goal of this work was to rigorously investigate the interacting effects of adjacent buildings in a two‐dimensional setting. Detailed finite element models of 5‐, 15‐, and 30‐story structures, realistically designed, were used in forming building clusters on the viscoelastic half‐space. Perfectly matched layers were used to properly define the half‐space boundaries. The interaction of the structure and the soil medium because of the presence of spatially varying ground motion on the boundary of excavated region was considered. The effects of the foundation material and the distance between adjacent buildings on the structural behavior of the neighboring buildings were investigated using drift ratios and base shear quantities as the engineering demand parameters of interest. The effects of SSSI, first investigated in the frequency domain, was then quantified in the time domain using suites of appropriate ground motions in accordance with the soil conditions, and the results were compared with the counterpart SSI solution of a single building. The results showed that, for identical low‐rise structures, the effects of SSSI were negligible. Yet, neglecting SSSI for neighboring closely spaced high‐rise structures or building clusters with a large stiffness contrast was shown to lead to a considerable underestimation of the true seismic demands even compared with solutions obtained using the rigid base assumption.
Mathematical modeling and numerical simulation of a new thermal energy storage system using thermo‐sensitive magnetic fluid in porous medium
Authors: Jin Licong , Li Decai , Zhang Xinrong 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThermal energy storage (TES) system is a preferred thermal management technology used to address a temporal mismatch of thermal energy between supply and demand. In this study, a novel sensible TES system, where magnetic fluid is used as heat transfer fluid and porous medium is used as solid storage material, is proposed to store thermal energy from solar, waste heat and so on. A technical and practical discussion of the novel TES system is carried out then. For a fundamental investigation, a numerical simulation using Lattice Boltzmann method is present by the assumption of the TES physical model. Furthermore, the characteristics of the TES system involve in the temperature, Nusselt number, and thermal storage capacity are analyzed depending on magnetic Rayleigh number, heating temperature, and porosity of the porous material.
Prospects for investigating brain oxygenation in acute stroke: Experience with a non‐contrast quantitative BOLD based approach
Authors: Stone Alan J. , Harston George W. J. , Carone Davide , Okell Thomas W. , Kennedy James , Blockley Nicholas P. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Metabolic markers of baseline brain oxygenation and tissue perfusion have an important role to play in the early identification of ischaemic tissue in acute stroke. Although well established MRI techniques exist for mapping brain perfusion, quantitative imaging of brain oxygenation is poorly served. Streamlined‐qBOLD (sqBOLD) is a recently developed technique for mapping oxygenation that is well suited to the challenge of investigating acute stroke. In this study a noninvasive serial imaging protocol was implemented, incorporating sqBOLD and arterial spin labelling to map blood oxygenation and perfusion, respectively. The utility of these parameters was investigated using imaging based definitions of tissue outcome (ischaemic core, infarct growth and contralateral tissue). Voxel wise analysis revealed significant differences between all tissue outcomes using pairwise comparisons for the transverse reversible relaxation rate (R
2′), deoxygenated blood volume (DBV) and deoxyghaemoglobin concentration ([dHb]; p < 0.01 in all cases). At the patient level (n = 9), a significant difference was observed for [dHb] between ischaemic core and contralateral tissue. Furthermore, serial analysis at the patient level (n = 6) revealed significant changes in R
2′ between the presentation and 1 week scans for both ischaemic core (p < 0.01) and infarct growth (p < 0.05). In conclusion, this study presents evidence supporting the potential of sqBOLD for imaging oxygenation in stroke.
Catalpol ameliorates advanced glycation end product‐induced dysfunction of glomerular endothelial cells via regulating nitric oxide synthesis by inducible nitric oxide synthase and endothelial nitric oxide synthase
Authors: Sun Weixiang , Gao Yuyan , Ding Yushi , Cao Ying , Chen Jing , Lv Gaohong , Lu Jinfu , Yu Bin , Peng Meilin , Xu Huiqin , Sun Yun 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCatalpol (Cat.) is an iridoid glucoside extracted from the root of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. In this study, we investigated whether Cat. could protect the mouse glomerular endothelial cells against the deleterious effect induced by advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and explored potential mechanisms. We found that 10 μM Cat. showed a protective effect on dead cells stimulated by AGEs. Cat. significantly decreased the expression of p‐NF‐κBp65 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and increased the expression of phosphorylated‐endothelial nitric oxide synthase (p‐eNOS; Ser1177), PI3K, p‐Akt (Thr308), and total‐Akt. Moreover, Cat. restored the integrity of glomerular endothelial barrier by increasing endothelial tight gap junction protein and ameliorated the endothelial hyperpermeability induced by AGEs via modulating the nitric oxide (NO) production. Additionally, Cat. attenuated the massive release of NO induced by AGEs, inhibiting the macrophage infiltration by modulating the NO production, accompanied by the decrease in the release of monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 and intercellular cell adhesion molecule‐1 in vitro. Therefore, Cat. ameliorated AGEs‐induced endothelial dysfunction via inhibiting the NF‐κB/iNOS pathway and activating the PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway. © 2019 IUBMB Life, 71(9):1268–1283, 2019
Design and development of metallic biomaterials with biological and mechanical biocompatibility
Authors: Niinomi Mitsuo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn the present article, the recent trends in the research and development of metallic biomaterials are discussed with focus on the results obtained by the author's group. The design of biocompatible metallic biomaterials possessing excellent biological and mechanical properties, including titanium alloys with low Young's modulus, is reviewed with focus on Young's modulus, fatigue strength, and peculiar behavior. The evaluation of biological compatibility including cell viability and living tissue compatibility using animal models and surface modifications using bioactive ceramic and blood‐compatible polymers are summarized. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 944–954, 2019.
Effect of surface microstructure on the anti‐fibrosis/adhesion of hydroxyapatite ceramics in spinal repair of rabbits
Authors: Wu Yonghao , Liu Dan , Zhou Quan , Wang Linnan , Li Xiangfeng , Yang Xi , Zhu Xiangdong , Zhang Kai , Song Yueming , Zhang Xingdong 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEpidural adhesion is a great clinical challenge after laminectomy. In the present study, two types of hydroxyapatite (HA) laminas with distinct surface microstructures were prepared by cold isostatic pressing (CIP) and slip casting (SC) techniques, and investigated to their anti‐fibrosis/adhesion effects by in vitro and in vivo evaluations. In contrast with the dense HA‐CIP, HA‐SC had a large number of micropores on the surface. After cultured on both HA ceramics, human skin fibroblasts presented the obvious senescent feature, and CCN1 gene expression was significantly up‐regulated. HA‐SC induced higher CCN1 gene expression than HA‐CIP. After used for closing the lost vertebral after laminectomy in rabbits, both HA laminas promoted the recovery of the bony structure as well as prevented the hyperplastic fibrous tissue from penetration into the spinal canal area and inhibited the formation of scar‐like tissue in laminectomy sites to some extent. Besides, thinner layer of fibrous tissue and smaller gap between the implant surface and paravertebral muscles were found in HA‐CIP than HA‐SC. Therefore, HA ceramics could have good anti‐fibrosis/adhesion effect when used in spinal repair, and the dense HA‐CIP could be an ideal choice. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B:2629–2637, 2019.
lncRNA GHET1 has effects in development of pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Li Shuhong , Liu Jie , Kong Fanqiang , Wang Yuanli , Li Ning , Zou Yanfen 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTo explain long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) gastric carcinoma high expressed transcript 1 (GHET1) affects the mechanism in development of pre‐eclampsia. The pathological changes of normal, mild, and severe pre‐eclampsia were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining and measured the lncRNA GHET1 expression in different tissues by reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction. In the cell experiment, the BeWo cells were randomly divided into three groups: normal control (NC) group, model group, and lncRNA group. The JEG3 cells of the model and lncRNA groups were cultured in the hypoxia condition. The JEG3 cells invasion and migration abilities were measured by Tanswell and wound‐healing assays. The relative protein expressions of different groups were evaluated by Western blot (WB) assay. Compared with normal puerperal, the lncRNA GHET1 gene expression of pre‐eclampsia was significantly downregulated (P < 0.05, respectively). In the cell experiment, the invasion cell number and wound‐healing rate of the model group were significantly suppressed compared with the NC group (P < 0.05, respectively). However, the invasion cell number and wound‐healing rate of lncRNA group were enhanced by lncRNA GHET1 overexpression (P < 0.05, respectively). In WB assay, the E‐cadherin, fibronectin, and vimentin proteins expression showed significant differences between the model and lncRNA groups (P < 0.05, respectively). lncRNA GHET1 overexpression had restored cell invasion and migration abilities reduced by hypoxia in pre‐eclampsia.
CCEPR is a novel clinical biomarker for prognosis and regulates cell proliferation through PCNA in osteosarcoma
Authors: Teng Jiawen , Guo Xingfeng , Wang He 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCCEPR (cervical carcinoma expressed PCNA regulatory lncRNA) has been found to be upregulated and enhance cell proliferation in human cancers. However, the role of CCEPR in osteosarcoma remains to be discovered. In this study, we found CCEPR expression was elevated in osteosarcoma tissue specimens and cell lines compared with adjacent normal tissue specimens and osteoblast cell line, respectively. Meanwhile, osteosarcoma patients with advanced stage or tumor size greater than 8 cm had higher expression of CCEPR than patients with early stage or tumor size less than or equal to 8 cm, respectively. Survival analysis suggested that osteosarcoma patients with high CCEPR expression had a worse overall survival rate than those with low CCEPR expression. The in vitro study indicated that CCEPR positively regulated proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression in osteosarcoma cells and silencing of CCEPR inhibited osteosarcoma cell proliferation through decreasing PCNA expression. In conclusion, CCEPR is a potential prognostic predictor and functions as oncogenic long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) to regulate cell proliferation via PCNA in osteosarcoma.