bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Small cat surveys: 10 years of data from Central Kalimantan, Indonesian Borneo
Authors: Jeffers Karen Anne , , Adul , Cheyne Susan Mary 
Published: March 2019

We present an update on the photographic detections from camera traps and the activity patterns of Borneo’s four small cats, namely, Sunda Leopard Cat Prionailurus javanensis, Flat-headed Cat P. planiceps, Marbled Cat Pardofelis marmorata, and Bay Cat Catopuma badia, at two sites in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Camera trap survey data of 10 years (2008–2018) from the first site in Sebangau provide details about the temporal partitioning of these small cats from each other but overlap with Sunda Clouded Leopard Neofelis diardi. The activity of Flat-headed Cat was higher after midnight and that of Leopard Cat at night with no clear preference before or after midnight. The Marbled Cat is predominantly diurnal, but the remaining three cats have flexible activity periods. While limited data are available from Rungan, the second site, we confirmed the presence of all four small cat species found on Borneo, though we have insufficient data to comment on the Bay Cat. The cat sightings, however, are intermittent and may reflect the unprotected status of this forest. Leopard Cats appear relatively unaffected by habitat disturbance based on encounter rates on camera traps. Conservationists, both NGOs and the government, must pay particular attention to specialists like Flat-headed Cats and Bay Cats when assessing habitat suitability for long-term cat conservation.
First photographic evidence of Fishing Cat Prionailurus viverrinus Bennett, 1833 and Clouded Leopard Neofelis nebulosa Griffith, 1821 (Carnivora: Felidae) in Parsa National Park, Nepal
Authors: Poudel Shashank , Lamichhane Babu Ram , Bhattarai Santosh , Adhikari Dipendra , Pokheral Chiranjibi Prasad , Bhatta Tek Raj , Giri Sailendra Raj , Lamichhane Saneer , Sadaula Amir , Gurung Ashish , Poudyal Laxman Prasad , Regmi Uba Raj , Subedi Naresh 
Published: March 2019

Twelve cat species were recorded in Nepal including the largest, Tiger Panthera tigris, and the smallest, Rusty-spotted Cat Prionailurus rubiginosus. There is more research on the Panthera species than on small wild cats; consequently, the conservation status, distribution, and ecology of small cat species are poorly known. In this article, we report on the first photographic evidence of Clouded Leopard Neofelis nebulosa and Fishing Cat Prionailurus viverrinus in Parsa National Park in southern central Nepal during a camera trap survey targeted at the tiger between 2014 and 2016. There were only single detections of each species; this does not give enough information to establish distribution or conservation status of either of the species in Parsa National Park. Further targeted surveys are needed to establish the significance of this protected area for the conservation of these two species.
Abstract 312: Upregulation of Notch3 Contributes to Aneurysm Formation in a Murine Model of Marfan Syndrome
Authors: Fitzgerald Matthew , Meisinger Trevor , Batra Rishi , Liu Zhibo , Baxter B. Timothy , Xiong Wanfen 
Published: March 2019

Notch3 functions as a receptor for membrane-bound ligands (Jag1, DLL1) in signaling pathways for cell-cell communication, gene regulation and control of cell differentiation during embryonic and adult vascular development. However, the role of Notch3 in Marfan Syndrome (MFS), which the main cardiovascular complication is thoracic aneurysms that results in high mortality, has yet to be fully elucidated. Previously we have shown that during aneurysm development, aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in mgR mice, a murine model of MFS, display premature switch from a synthetic to a more contractile phenotype. Therefore we
hypothesized
that Notch3 could be playing a key role in this aberrant differentiation and aneurysm formation.

To test this hypothesis we examined Notch3 mRNA and protein levels in the aortic tissue and SMCs from 1, 4, and 8 weeks-old mgR mice and wild type controls by real time-PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. Aortic histological changes were examined by Verhoeff-Van Gieson (VVG) elastin staining. In addition, mice were treated with DAPT (N-[N-(3,5-Difluorophenacetyl)-L-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester), a known γ-secretase inhibitor. The effects of notch signaling inhibition on aneurysm rupture were evaluated.
We found that aortic mRNA and protein levels of Notch3 in mgR mice was upregulated ~2 fold by 1 week, and 4-fold at 4 and 8 weeks compared to WT littermate controls. The expression levels of upstream and downstream targets of Notch3, Jagged1 and p21, respectively, were significantly increased in the aorta of mgR mice compared to wild type controls. DAPT treatment prolonged the median lifespan of mgR mice from 16 weeks (untreated) to 32 weeks (DAPT treated). The results from VVG staining of aortic tissue showed that DAPT treatment inhibited aortic elastic degradation in mgR mice.
Taken together, our findings indicate that Notch3 is upregulated in the early aortic development and continues to increase during the course of the aneurysm formation in mgR mice. The increase in Notch3 expression may contribute to aneurysm development in MFS. This study lays the groundwork to further examine Notch3 as a novel potential target for treatment.
Abstract 345: Combining Morphological and Mechanical Risk Factors May Improve Carotid Plaque Progression Prediction: an Magnetic Resonance Image-Based Follow-Up Study
Authors: Tang Dalin , Wang Qingyu , Canton Gador , Hatsukami Thomas S , Billiar Kristen L , Wu Zheyang , Yuan Chun 
Published: March 2019

It has been hypothesized that combining morphological and mechanical risk factors may improve plaque progression prediction. In this paper, plaque burden (PB), cap thickness (CT), lipid percent (LP), plaque wall stress (PWS), plaque wall strain (PWSn) and their combinations were used as predictors to identify the best predictor(s) for plaque progression measured by plaque area increase (PAI) from baseline (T1) and follow-up (T2).
In vivo magnetic resonance image (MRI) carotid plaque data were acquired from 8 patients (5 m, mean age 71) with follow-up (18 months) with informed consent obtained. We built 3D thin-layer models for the 41 matched slices to obtain plaque stress/strain data using patient-specific material properties determined from Cine MRI and patient arm blood pressure. The mean values of the 5 predictors from all lumen points of each slice were obtained for analysis. For each predictor Y, a threshold value Yc was determined so that optimal agreement rate was obtained (agreement cases are either {(Y>Yc) and (PAI >0)} or {(Y≤Yc) and (PAI ≤0)}). For PWS and PWSn, we used (either {(Y<Yc) and (PAI >0)} or {(Y≥Yc) and (PAI ≤0)}). Two combinations of predictors
COM1=a1*PB+a2*CT+a3*LP,
COM2=b1*PB+b2*CT+b3*LP+b4*PWS+b5*PWSn
were considered, where COM1 combines PB with morphological features, and COM2 combines all 5 predictors. The coefficients in these formulas were determined by using iterative linearly fitting method and initial guess of threshold values from single predictor results.
The optimal threshold values for the 5 single predictors and 2 combination predictors are given in Table 1. PWSn was the best single predictor and COM2 was the best combination predictor.
The threshold value-based method is simple and easy for clinical implementation. Our preliminary results indicate that combining PB, CT, LP, PWS, and PWSn could improve the agreement rate by nearly 10%, compared to using PB alone. Large-scale patient studies are needed to confirm our findings.
Abstract 388: High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Efflux Capacity is not associated with Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Events: the CODAM Study
Authors: Josefs Tatjana , Wouters Kristiaan , Tietge Uwe J , Dullaart Robin P , van der Kallen Carla J , Stehouwer Coen D , Schalkwijk Casper G , Goldberg Ira J , Fisher Edward A , van Greevenbroek Marleen M 
Published: March 2019

Cholesterol Efflux Capacity (CEC) is considered to be a key atheroprotective property of high-density lipoproteins (HDL). However, its role in atherosclerosis risk is still controversial. In this study, we have analyzed the relationship between HDL CEC and atherosclerosis surrogates (carotid intima media thickness (cIMT), endothelial dysfunction (EnD); Z-Scores) in a well-characterized clinical population in the Cohort of Diabetes and Atherosclerosis Maastricht (CODAM) study, which consists of 574 individuals (age 59.6±0.3yrs, 61.3% men, 24.4% T2DM). Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to identify the associations in baseline data between HDL CEC (%), plasma HDL cholesterol (HDL-C, mmol/L), HDL size (nm), apoprotein A1 (ApoA1, g/L), and HDL Particle Concentration (HDL-P, nmol/L (LN), by NMR) with cIMT and EnD. Logistic regression analyses were done to identify the association of the above-mentioned HDL characteristics and CV events (CVE; N=499, 80 CVE cases). Analyses were adjusted for lifestyle, medication and metabolic confounders.
The results show that HDL-C (ß=-0.65, 95%CI -0.91; -0.42), HDL size (ß=-0.57, 95%CI -0.98; -0.15), apoA1 (ß=-0.65, 96%CI -1.01; -0.29), and HDL-P (ß=-0.77, 95%CI -1.47; -0.11) were inversely associated with EnD (N=532), whereas HDL CEC was not (ß=-0.03, 95%CI=-0.24;0.24). Interestingly, preliminary analyses show that these associations are lost in diabetic subjects (N=131), but not in non-diabetics (N=401). An inverse association also exists between HDL-C, HDL size, apoA1, and HDL-P with cIMT (N=494), which was not statistically significant likely due to variability and relative insensitivity of cIMT measurements. Further, a 1 unit increase of HDL-C was associated with ~4fold lower prevalence of CVE (OR=0.25, 95%CI 0.08;0.83), and for HDL-P, with ~20fold less CVE (OR=0.05, 95%CI 0.00;0.70), but no association was found between HDL CEC and CVE (OR=1.26, 95%CI 0.41;3.84).
Our results show that certain HDL-related parameters have atheroprotective associations, but HDL-CEC is not one of them. This result agrees with, but differs from, some other studies, and might reflect population differences in the relationships between measurements of HDL lipids/particle number, and HDL CEC.
Abstract 412: Dietary Lectins Cause Coronary Artery Disease via an Autoimmune Endothelial Attack Mediated by Interleukin 16
Authors: Gundry Steven R 
Published: March 2019

Interleukin 16 (IL-16) is a chemoattractant released by endothelial and other cells to attract activated T cells. It has previously been shown to have expression in many autoimmune diseases (AI). Based on our previous reports using elevated adiponectin levels of 16 ug/mL to predict lectin sensitivity, and showing an association between lectins and AI causation, we have treated a large pt population with known autoimmune disease (as confirmed by markers). We recently began using the PULS Cardiac Test (GD Biosciences Lab, Irvine, CA) a validated blood test for predicting 5 year risk of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) to examine which measured biomarkers predominate in these patients.
325 consecutive pts aged 25-89 had PULS tested as part of a comprehensive blood panel, which also screens for 14 autoimmune disease markers. The PULS tests ranks 9 biomarkers, including IL-16, MCP-3, Eotaxin, CTACK, sFas, Fas Ligand, HGF for ACS risk, ranking each biomarker from lowest to highest level contributing to risk.
241 pts (74%) were positive for elevated adiponectin, hx of AI, and/or markers for AI. Of these pts, 223 (93%) were positive for IL-16 as the highest PULS risk factor. In contrast, of the other 84 pts without AI or adiponectin elevation, only 5 (6%) had IL-16 recorded as a risk.
We conclude that based on IL-16 testing via PULS, that this provides further evidence to support an autoimmune cause of coronary artery disease at the endothelial level via T cell activation and attraction in patients with gluten and lectin sensitivity or known autoimmune disease. It also explains the known high association of autoimmune disease and ACS.
Abstract 646: A Simple Multi-Risk-Factor Decision-Making Strategy for Improved Coronary Plaque Burden Increase Prediction: a Patient-Specific 3D FSI Study Using IVUS Follow-up
Authors: Tang Dalin , Wang Liang , Maehara Akiko , Molony David , Samady Habib , Wu Zheyang , Zheng Jie , Mintz Gary S , Giddons Don P 
Published: March 2019

Plaque progression and vulnerability are influenced by many risk factors. Our goal is to find simple methods to combine multiple risk factors for better plaque development predictions.
A sample size of 374 intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) slices with matched follow-up was obtained from 9 patients (Mean age 59, 7 m) with informed consent obtained. 3D fluid-structure interaction models were constructed to obtain plaque stress/strain conditions. Four morphological and biomechanical factors (plaque burden (PB), cap thickness (CT), lipid percent (LP) and average plaque wall stress (PWS)) were chosen to predict plaque burden increase defined as
PBI = (PB at follow-up) - (PB at baseline).

For a given slice Si, the ground truth Y
PBI
is define as

Y
PBI
(Si)=1 if PBI(Si)>0; Y
PBI
=0 if PBI(Si)≤0.

For a single predictor W, a threshold value Wc was used to assign the binary prediction outcome:

Y
W
(Si)=1 if W>Wc; Y
W
(Si)=0 if W≤Wc.

Wc was chosen to get optimal agreement between Y
W
and Y
PBI
. To use multiple predictors (say, W1, W2, W3) to PBI, a new predictor Combo(W1,W2,W3) was created with its values defined as

Combo(W1,W2,W3)=Y
W1
+Y
W2
+Y
W3
, where Y
W1
, Y
W2
and Y
W3
were evaluated the same way as before. Combo was then treated as a single predictor and a threshold value was determined to achieve best agreement with Y
PBI
.

Table 1 summarizes the optimal thresholds and agreement rates for all 15 strategies. Agreement rate using PB alone was 57.5%. PWS was the best single predictor for PBI with agreement rate 62.6%. Combining CT and PWS achieved 66.5% agreement rate, 9% better over PB, which was also obtained by combining 4 risk factors.
The method presented here could be used to combine predictors from different sources (stenosis, cap, lipid, inflammation, macrophage, hemorrhage, stress, strain, flow shear stress, FFR, smoking, diabetes, cholesterol, alcohol, hypertension, pro-rupture genes, etc.) to improve prediction accuracy and help decision-making in clinical practice.
Predicting Future Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease Using Electronic Health Record Data
Authors: Ross Elsie Gyang , Jung Kenneth , Dudley Joel T. , Li Li , Leeper Nicholas J. , Shah Nigam H. 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) are at risk of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events. There are no readily available risk scores that can accurately identify which patients are most likely to sustain an event, making it difficult to identify those who might benefit from more aggressive intervention. Thus, we aimed to develop a novel predictive model—using machine learning methods on electronic health record data—to identify which PAD patients are most likely to develop major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events.

Methods and Results:
Data were derived from patients diagnosed with PAD at 2 tertiary care institutions. Predictive models were built using a common data model that allowed for utilization of both structured (coded) and unstructured (text) data. Only data from time of entry into the health system up to PAD diagnosis were used for modeling. Models were developed and tested using nested cross-validation. A total of 7686 patients were included in learning our predictive models. Utilizing almost 1000 variables, our best predictive model accurately determined which PAD patients would go on to develop major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events with an area under the curve of 0.81 (95% CI, 0.80–0.83).

Conclusions:
Machine learning algorithms applied to data in the electronic health record can learn models that accurately identify PAD patients at risk of future major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events, highlighting the great potential of electronic health records to provide automated risk stratification for cardiovascular diseases. Common data models that can enable cross-institution research and technology development could potentially be an important aspect of widespread adoption of newer risk-stratification models.
Prognostic Importance of Defibrillator‐Appropriate Shocks and Antitachycardia Pacing in Patients With Mild Heart Failure
Authors: Biton Yitschak , Daimee Usama A. , Baman Jayson R. , Kutyifa Valentina , McNitt Scott , Polonsky Bronislava , Zareba Wojciech , Goldenberg Ilan 
Published: March 2019

Background

Patients with heart failure and an implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (
ICD
) for primary prevention are at increased mortality risk after receiving shock therapy. We sought to determine the prognostic significance of
ICD
therapies, both shock and antitachycardia pacing, delivered for different ventricular arrhythmia (
VA
) rates.

Methods and Results

We evaluated mortality risk among 1790
ICD
‐implanted patients from
MADIT
‐CRT (Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial With Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy). For the first analysis, patients were divided into mutually exclusive groups by the rate of treated
VA
only: slow
VA
(<200 beats per minute) and fast
VA
(≥200 beats per minute or ventricular fibrillation). In a secondary analysis, both the type of
ICD
therapy and
VA
rate were used. The reference group was always patients who had no
ICD
therapy.
ICD
therapy for fast
VA
was associated with increased mortality risk (hazard ratio [
HR]
, 2.27; 95%
CI
, 1.48–3.48;
P
<0.001). However, mortality risk after
ICD
therapy for slow
VA
was similar to the risk related to no
ICD
therapy (
HR
, 1.45; 95%
CI
, 0.86–2.44;
P
=0.162). Consistently, shocks (
HR
, 2.96; 95%
CI
, 1.91–4.60;
P
<0.001) and antitachycardia pacing (
HR
, 2.22; 95%
CI
, 0.96–5.14;
P
=0.063) for fast
VA
were both associated with increased mortality risk. Shocks and antitachycardia pacing for slow
VA
were not significantly associated with increased mortality risk (
HR
, 1.43 [95%
CI
, 0.52–3.92;
P
=0.489]; and
HR
, 1.43 [95%
CI,
0.80–2.56;
P
=0.232], respectively).

Conclusions

In patients with mild heart failure receiving
ICD
for primary prevention, mortality is associated with the rate of underlying
VA
rather than the type of therapy. These findings suggest that fast
VA
is a marker for increased mortality rather than shock therapy directly contributing to increased risk.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier:
NCT
00180271.
“I just love it”: Avid knitters describe health and well-being through occupation
Authors: Brooks Laura , Ta Kim-Huong Ngan , Townsend Anne F. , Backman Catherine L. 
Published: March 2019

Background. Examining craft-based occupations is necessary to explicate the relationship between occupation and well-being. Purpose. This study aimed to understand the role of knitting in the lives of passionate knitters and their experience of how knitting contributes to health, well-being, and occupational identity. Method. Principles of phenomenology guided interviews with 21 knitting-guild members (with and without health conditions) and observations at seven guild meetings as well as guided the data analysis. Eight interviewees and 24 additional guild members confirmed key findings in writing. Findings. Five main themes capture how knitting (a) “makes me happy,” (b) is “the mental challenge I need,” (c) is “a hobby that joins” through social connections and skill development, (d) sustains identity such that “I can’t imagine life without knitting,” and (e) is a creative outlet “reflecting my personality.” Implications. This in-depth description of how knitters experience their craft in daily life bolsters the philosophical assumption that favoured occupations have the power to promote health and well-being.
The Intergenerational Stability of Punishment: Paternal Incarceration and Suspension or Expulsion in Elementary School
Authors: Jacobsen Wade C. 
Published: March 2019

Objectives: I extend the life-course theory of cumulative disadvantage to focus on continuity in punishment across generations. Specifically, I examine (1) the association between paternal incarceration and elementary school suspension or expulsion and (2) the extent to which behavior problems and weakened social bonds explain this association. Method: Analyses rely on logistic regression, propensity score matching, and mediation methods with data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study ( N = 3,201), a birth cohort of children born in large U.S. cities between 1998 and 2000. Results: The odds of school punishment among children who had a residential father incarcerated by age 5 are 75 percent greater than the odds for children in a matched control group. About one third of this association is accounted for by behavior problems and weakened social bonds. Even after accounting for behavior problems and social bonds, children whose fathers were incarcerated are at greater risk of school punishment. Conclusions: I find evidence of an intergenerational stability of punishment and mixed support for an intergenerational extension to cumulative disadvantage theory. Paternal incarceration is associated with children’s likelihood of experiencing formal punishment in elementary school, and behavior problems and weakened social bonds explain part of this association.
Pediatric Stapes Surgery: Hearing and Surgical Outcomes in Endoscopic vs Microscopic Approaches
Authors: Tolisano Anthony M. , Fontenot Miles R. , Nassiri Ashley M. , Hunter Jacob B. , Kutz Joe Walter , Rivas Alejandro , Isaacson Brandon 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveTo compare endoscopic and microscopic pediatric stapes surgery.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTwo academic otology practices.Subjects and MethodsSurgical and hearing outcomes were compared for consecutive children (<18 years) undergoing microscopic and endoscopic stapes surgery. The main outcome measure was closure of the air‐bone gap (ABG) to ≤20 dB.ResultsTwenty‐two endoscopic surgeries (17 stapedectomies, 4 stapedotomies, and 1 stapes mobilization) and 52 microscopic surgeries (30 stapedectomies, 19 stapedotomies, and 3 stapes mobilizations) were performed. Patient demographics, history of ipsilateral middle ear surgery, and revision stapes surgery status were similar. The most common diagnosis for the endoscopic group and microscopic group were congenital stapes footplate fixation (45.5%) and juvenile otosclerosis (46.2%), respectively. Preoperative ABGs in the endoscopic (37.7 dB) and microscopic (32.8 dB) groups (P =. 170) were similar. There were no major complications, including facial nerve injury or anacusis, in the endoscopic group. Postoperative sensorineural hearing loss (>15 dB) did not occur in any patients in the endoscopic group but was present in 2 patients in the microscopic group (P =. 546). Improvement in pure‐tone average (25.9 dB vs 18.5 dB, P =. 382) and ABG (21.7 dB vs 14.7 dB, P =. 181) was similar, and postoperatively, the median ABG was 11.3 dB and 15.0 dB for endoscopic and microscopic cases (P =. 703), respectively. ABG closure to ≤20 dB (72.7% vs 65.2%, P =. 591) was also similar.ConclusionPediatric endoscopic stapes surgery is safe and hearing outcomes are similar to the microscopic approach when performed by experienced endoscopic ear surgeons.