bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consequences of national cultures and motivations on entrepreneurship, innovation, ethical behavior, and quality-of-life
Authors: Woodside Arch G. , Megehee Carol M. , Isaksson Lars , Ferguson Graham 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to apply complexity theory tenets to deepen understanding, explanation and prediction of how configurations of national cultures and need motivations influence national entrepreneurial and innovation behavior and nations’ quality-of-life (QOL). Also, the study examines whether or not high national ethical behavior is sufficient for indicating nations high in quality-of-life.

Design/methodology/approach
Applying core tenets of complexity theory, the study constructs asymmetric, case-based (nations), explanations and predictive models of cultures’ consequences (via Schwartz’s seven value dimensions) and implicit need motivations (via McClelland’s three need motivations) indicating national entrepreneur and innovation activities and subsequent national quality-of-life and ethical behavior. The study includes testing configurational models empirically for predictive accuracy. The empirical examination is for a set of data for 24 nations in Asia, Europe, North and South America and the South Pacific.

Findings
The findings confirm the usefulness of applying complexity theory to learn how culture and motivation configurations support versus have negative consequences on nations’ entrepreneurship, innovation and human well-being. Nurturing of entrepreneur activities supports the nurturing of enterprise innovation activity and their joint occurrence indicates nations achieving high quality-of-life. The findings advance the perspective that different sets of cultural value configurations indicate nations high versus low in entrepreneur and innovation activities.

Practical implications
High entrepreneur activities without high innovation activity are insufficient for achieving high national quality-of-life. Achieving high ethical behavior supports high quality-of-life.

Originality/value
This study is one of the first to apply complexity theory tenets in the field of entrepreneurship research. The study here advances the perspective that case-based asymmetric modeling of recipes is necessary to explain and predict entrepreneur activities and outcomes rather than examining whether variable relationships are statistically significant from zero.
Neurodiverse workforce: inclusive employment as an HR strategy
Authors: Rao Bramhani , Polepeddi Jyothi 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
This study aims to develop and propose a Neurodiversity-Smart HR framework that may facilitate organizations to build an inclusive workforce.

Design/methodology/approach
Real cases of inclusive companies in India such as Lemon Tree Hotels have been explored in detail through observations, video interviews of company’s leadership and personal discussion with special-needs community to design a generalized framework.

Findings
Development of Neurodiversity-Smart HR framework that integrates resources from multiple stakeholders.

Practical implications
The proposed framework shall facilitate organizations to build an inclusive workforce and engage with the special-needs community throughout the inclusion process. The neurodiversity approach is a potential solution to organizational issues such as innovation, engagement, social responsibility and attrition.

Originality/value
The only study to propose a functional inclusive employment framework.
The state of human capital analytics in developing countries: a focus on the Middle East
Authors: Phillips Patti P. , Phillips Jack J. 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
Human capital analytics (HCA) is integral to all other human capital processes. With a mature analytics practice, leaders can make better decisions more quickly and with greater confidences. This paper aims to describe results of research that shows how organizations in Middle East countries are investing in HCA. Specifically, it describes as follows: the extent to which they are investing; types of projects in which they are investing; and factors critical to making analytics work.

Design/methodology/approach
While research may include respondents from organizations in developing countries, only recently have efforts been made to monitor progress specifically in these countries. This paper attempts to describe the most recent findings of such research, paying specific attention to the use of HCA in the Middle East.

Findings
Organizations in the Middle East embrace HCA. While still in its infancy, analytics is poised to be a strategic driver that will lead to improved organizational performance.

Originality/value
Whether investing in leadership development, talent acquisition, employee engagement or talent development, analytics plays a central role in informing decisions about people investments. To make HCA work, Middle East organizations plan to continue building capability through training; embracing technology and striving to link data across programs and platforms; and integrating systems, processes and people with other functions, particularly finance. In the end, organizations will seamlessly integrate HCA into all processes to drive organization performance.
Investigation on effects of solder paste voids on thermal and optical performance of white high-power surface-mounted device LEDs
Authors: Raypah Muna , Devarajan Mutharasu , Mahmud Shahrom 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
The presence of voids in the solder layer has been considered as one of the main issues causing reliability problems in optoelectronic devices. Voids can be created due to trapped gas, clean-up agent residues (fluxes), poor wettability at interface or shortcoming of the reflow process. The voids hinder the heat conduction path and subsequently, the thermal resistance will increase. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of lead-free water-washable Sn96.5Ag3.0Cu0.5 (SAC305) solder paste (SP) voids on the thermal and optical performance of white high-power (HP) surface-mounted device (SMD) light-emitting diode (LED).

Design/methodology/approach
Five LEDs are mounted on five SinkPAD substrates by using the SP. The SMT stencil printing is used to control the thickness of the SP and reflow oven for the soldering process. The fraction of voids in the SP layer is calculated using the X-ray machine software. The thermal parameters of the LEDs with different voids fraction and configuration are measured using a thermal transient tester (T3Ster) system. In addition, the optical characterizations of the LEDs are determined by the thermal and radiometric characterization of power LEDs (TeraLED) and the electroluminescence by using the spectrometer.

Findings
The results showed that the thermal performance and temperature distribution are improved for the LED with lower voids fraction and good filling state of soldering. In addition, luminous flux, efficacy and color shift of the LEDs with different fraction and configurations of voids on the SP layer are compared and discussed. It is found that the color shift of LED1 of low voids fraction and higher thickness are less than other LEDs.

Originality/value
The paper provides valuable information about the effect of water-washable SAC305 SP voids fraction and filling state of solder on the thermal and optical performance of ThinGaN HP SMD LED. A comprehensive overview of the outcomes is not available in the literature. It was shown experimentally that the voids fraction, height and configuration of the SP layer could strongly influence the heat dissipation efficiency and thermal resistance. This study can help in heat diffusion investigation and failure analysis of HP SMD LEDs.
Returning to sexual stigma: post‐trafficking lives
Authors: Richardson Diane , Laurie Nina 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis article is concerned with returning to sexual stigma in two key respects. First, it prompts a return to the conceptual understanding of sexual stigma and makes an important contribution to critiques of the individualized frameworks that have dominated much of the literature on stigma to date, through a critical analysis of sexual stigma as a collective process at different scales and locations. Second, using empirical data from a qualitative study of post‐trafficking experiences of women in Nepal as a case study to develop theoretical understandings of the production of stigma, it explores modalities of sexualized stigma encountered on return from trafficking situations. Within the trafficking literature there has been very little attention to what happens after trafficking. This article addresses this gap in focusing on lives post‐trafficking and, in addition, contributes to the limited research on trafficking in Nepal.
Ergatoid reproductives in the Neotropical termite Nasutitermes aquilinus (Holmgren) (Blattaria: Isoptera: Termitidae): developmental origin, fecundity, and genetics
Authors: da Silva Iago Bueno , Haifig Ives , Vargo Edward L. , Casarin Fabiana Elaine , da Mota Marcelo Luiz , Lima Juliana Toledo , Costa‐Leonardo Ana Maria 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTermite colonies are usually headed by primary reproductives, which establish nests during the swarming season. However, secondary reproductives may develop in some species and become supplementary or replacement breeders, extending colony lifespan. Here we investigate the developmental origin, fecundity and genetic characterization of ergatoid reproductives in the Neotropical termite Nasutitermes aquilinus (Holmgren), using morphometrical and histological techniques, five microsatellite loci and the COI mitochondrial DNA. Twelve measurements performed on 208 apterous individuals of N. aquilinus revealed 10 groups, including ergatoid females, which developed from major workers through two successive molts, and were characterized by the presence of imaginal features such as eyes and wing buds. The differentiation of these features was correlated to physogastric development in these ergatoids. Histology revealed oocytes in all maturation stages in worker‐derived reproductives of N. aquilinus, presence of nonflagellate spermatozoa inside the spermatheca, and royal fat body. Thus, ergatoid reproductives were reproductively functional. According to the genotypes of 221 individuals from 11 nests, and mitochondrial haplotypes of 43 ergatoids, 73% of the colonies were simple families, whereas 27% were extended families. Despite the occurrence of related reproductives, low inbreeding rates were detected within and among colonies. Such values could be explained given that sib mating itself cannot result in a higher inbreeding rate but depend on several factors discussed in detail. This is the first study to investigate the genetic structure of termite colonies influenced by the development of ergatoids, and further investigations are encouraged to understand the influence of these reproductives on colony lifespan.
Gap‐filling approaches for eddy covariance methane fluxes: A comparison of three machine learning algorithms and a traditional method with principal component analysis
Authors: Kim Yeonuk , Johnson Mark S. , Knox Sara H. , Black T. Andrew , Dalmagro Higo J. , Kang Minseok , Kim Joon , Baldocchi Dennis 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMethane flux (FCH4) measurements using the eddy covariance technique have increased over the past decade. FCH4 measurements commonly include data gaps, as is the case with CO2 and energy fluxes. However, gap‐filling FCH4 data are more challenging than other fluxes due to its unique characteristics including multidriver dependency, variabilities across multiple timescales, nonstationarity, spatial heterogeneity of flux footprints, and lagged influence of biophysical drivers. Some researchers have applied a marginal distribution sampling (MDS) algorithm, a standard gap‐filling method for other fluxes, to FCH4 datasets, and others have applied artificial neural networks (ANN) to resolve the challenging characteristics of FCH4. However, there is still no consensus regarding FCH4 gap‐filling methods due to limited comparative research. We are not aware of the applications of machine learning (ML) algorithms beyond ANN to FCH4 datasets. Here, we compare the performance of MDS and three ML algorithms (ANN, random forest [RF], and support vector machine [SVM]) using multiple combinations of ancillary variables. In addition, we applied principal component analysis (PCA) as an input to the algorithms to address multidriver dependency of FCH4 and reduce the internal complexity of the algorithmic structures. We applied this approach to five benchmark FCH4 datasets from both natural and managed systems located in temperate and tropical wetlands and rice paddies. Results indicate that PCA improved the performance of MDS compared to traditional inputs. ML algorithms performed better when using all available biophysical variables compared to using PCA‐derived inputs. Overall, RF was found to outperform other techniques for all sites. We found gap‐filling uncertainty is much larger than measurement uncertainty in accumulated CH4 budget. Therefore, the approach used for FCH4 gap filling can have important implications for characterizing annual ecosystem‐scale methane budgets, the accuracy of which is important for evaluating natural and managed systems and their interactions with global change processes.
Divergent carbon cycle response of forest and grass‐dominated northern temperate ecosystems to record winter warming
Authors: Sanders‐DeMott Rebecca , Ouimette Andrew P. , Lepine Lucie C. , Fogarty Sean Z. , Burakowski Elizabeth A. , Contosta Alexandra R. , Ollinger Scott V. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNorthern temperate ecosystems are experiencing warmer and more variable winters, trends that are expected to continue into the foreseeable future. Despite this, most studies have focused on climate change impacts during the growing season, particularly when comparing responses across different vegetation cover types. Here we examined how a perennial grassland and adjacent mixed forest ecosystem in New Hampshire, United States, responded to a period of highly variable winters from 2014 through 2017 that included the warmest winter on record to date. In the grassland, record‐breaking temperatures in the winter of 2015/2016 led to a February onset of plant growth and the ecosystem became a sustained carbon sink well before winter ended, taking up roughly 90 g/m2more carbon during the winter to spring transition than in other recorded years. The forest was an unusually large carbon source during the same period. While forest photosynthesis was restricted by leaf‐out phenology, warm winter temperatures caused large pulses of ecosystem respiration that released nearly 230 g C/m2from February through April, more than double the carbon losses during that period in cooler years. These findings suggest that, as winters continue to warm, increases in ecosystem respiration outside the growing season could outpace increases in carbon uptake during a longer growing season, particularly in forests that depend on leaf‐out timing to initiate carbon uptake. In ecosystems with a perennial leaf habit, warming winter temperatures are more likely to increase ecosystem carbon uptake through extension of the active growing season. Our results highlight the importance of understanding relationships among antecedent winter conditions and carbon exchange across land‐cover types to understand how landscape carbon exchange will change under projected climate warming.
Comparative study of efficacy and safety of 45% mandelic acid versus 30% salicylic acid peels in mild‐to‐moderate acne vulgaris
Authors: Dayal Surabhi , Kalra Kirti Dudeja , Sahu Priyadarshini 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundChemical peels have become a popular modality in the treatment of acne vulgaris (AV). Mandelic acid (MA) is a new emerging peeling agent for AV owing to its antibacterial and anti‐inflammatory properties. Hence, it is worthwhile to evaluate the effectiveness and safety profile of this newer agent and to compare it with an older established peeling agent, salicylic acid (SA) in the treatment of AV.ObjectiveComparison between therapeutic efficacy and safety of 45% MA peel with 30% SA peel in Indian patients suffering from mild‐to‐moderate facial AV.MethodsA total of 50 patients suffering from mild‐to‐moderate AV were randomly divided into two groups, with one receiving 30% SA peels and the other receiving 45% MA peels at an interval of 2 weeks for six sessions. Total duration of the study was 12 weeks. Michaelsson acne scores (MAS) and clinical photographs were used to evaluate the efficacy of therapy objectively. Adverse effects of both the agents were also noted at each visit.ResultsBoth agents showed almost equal efficacy in improving mild‐to‐moderate AV. Salicylic acid was found better in treating noninflammatory lesions, while MA had an upper hand in treating inflammatory lesions. Overall, there was no significant difference between the two peels in improving MAS and percentage decrease in MAS. However, adverse effects were lesser with MA peels.ConclusionAbout 45% MA peel was found to be equally effective as 30% SA peel in mild‐to‐moderate facial AV. However, safety and tolerability of MA peel were better than SA peel.
Effect of oat decortication on chemical composition, in vitro digestibility and in situ degradability
Authors: Panah Farhad M. , Lashkari Saman , Weisbjerg Martin Riis 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe effect of decortication on chemical composition and degradability characteristics of four Danish oat varieties was investigated. Effective degradability (ED) and post‐ruminal disappearance (PRD) were measured by in situ and mobile bag techniques respectively. Decorticated oat showed higher (p = .01) concentrations of crude protein (CP; 134 vs. 108 g/kg DM) and crude fat (71.6 vs. 53.1 g/kg DM) and a higher (p = .001) organic matter digestibility (OMD; 888 vs. 703 g/kg OM) than oat. The content of total fatty acids (FA) in DM was higher in decorticated oat. The proportion of linoleic acid (C18:2 n6) increased (p < .05) due to decortication, while the linolenic acid (C18:3 n3) proportion of total FA decreased in decorticated oat. Decortication increased (p = .01) the concentration of amino acids (AA), but the proportion of lysine in total AA decreased (p < .002). Effective degradability (ED) of both DM and CP was (p < .001) higher in decorticated oat. Decortication increased the total tract disappearance (TTD) and PRD of CP (p < .001). In conclusion, decortication can be used as a practical approach to increase the nutritional value of oat.
Physiologically based modelling of the pharmacokinetics of three beta‐lactam antibiotics after intra‐mammary administration in dairy cows
Authors: Woodward Andrew P. , Whittem Ted 
Published: September 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the pharmacokinetics of intra‐mammary antibiotics is important for the prediction of drug residues in milk and for the design of optimal dosage regimens. Unfortunately, compartmental pharmacokinetic models are not valid for this unique system. A minimal physiologically based pharmacokinetic model is presented incorporating the physiology of milk secretion, drug administration at the quarter level, drug absorption and dispersion, drug retention during the inter‐milking interval and episodic drug elimination at milking. The primary objective of the study was the development and exploration of a model for major factors controlling drug concentration in milk, rather than generation of rigorously predictive pharmaco‐statistical models for any particular drug. This model was implemented in a two‐stage approach, using published concentration data for penicillin, cefuroxime, cephapirin and desacetyl‐cephapirin in milk of healthy cows. Model simulations evaluated sensitivity and developed predictions of drug residues. The model successfully predicted both drug concentrations and drug residues in milk. The postmilking residual milk volume did not adequately explain antibiotic pharmacokinetics, requiring additional considerations for drug retention. Local sensitivity analysis indicated that increasing the number of quarters treated, the dosage, or the duration of the inter‐milking interval prolonged both the persistence of drug residues and the duration that antibiotic concentration exceeded typical minimum inhibitory concentrations. The model was flexible across different beta‐lactam drugs as a general description of intra‐mammary pharmacokinetics. This model is suitable for the design and analysis of dosage regimens, and could be applied for the prediction of withholding periods when these antibiotic preparations are used off‐label. The final model indicates that explicit consideration of the milking regimen is fundamental to the design and interpretation of pharmacokinetic studies of antibiotics in bovine milk.
ATR Kinase Activity Limits Mutagenesis and Promotes the Clonogenic Survival of Quiescent Human Keratinocytes Exposed to UVB Radiation
Authors: Shaj Kavya , Hutcherson Rebekah J. , Kemp Michael G. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe ATR protein kinase has well‐described roles in maintaining genomic integrity during the DNA synthesis phase of the cell cycle. However, ATR function in cells that are not actively replicating DNA remains largely unexplored. Using HaCaT and telomerase‐immortalized human keratinocytes maintained in a confluent, nonreplicating state in vitro, ATR was found to be robustly activated in response to UVB radiation in a manner dependent on the nucleotide excision repair factor and DNA translocase XPB. Inhibition of ATR kinase activity under these conditions negatively impacted acute cell survival and cytotoxicity and severely inhibited the ability of UVB‐irradiated HaCaT keratinocytes to proliferate upon stimulation with growth factors. Furthermore, ATR kinase inhibition in quiescent HaCaT keratinocytes potentiated UVB mutagenesis at the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase locus. Though ATR inhibition did not impact the rate of removal of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers from genomic DNA, elevated levels of PCNA mono‐ubiquitination and chromatin‐associated PCNA and RPA indicate that excision gap‐filling synthesis was altered in the absence of ATR signaling. These results indicate that the ATR kinase plays important roles in preventing mutagenesis and in promoting the proliferative potential of quiescent keratinocytes exposed to UVB radiation.