bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of twist‐correction system for radiotherapy of head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Shimizu Hidetoshi , Sasaki Koji , Aoyama Takahiro , Matsushima Shigeru , Isomura Taiki , Fukuma Hiroshi , Tachibana Hiroyuki , Kodaira Takeshi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTo propose a concept for correcting the twist between the head and neck and the body frequently occurring in radiotherapy patients and to develop a prototype device for achieving this. Furthermore, the operational accuracy of this device under no load was evaluated. We devised a concept for correcting the twist of patients by adjustment of the three rotation (pitch, roll, and yaw) angles in two independent plates connected by a joint (fulcrum). The two plates (head and neck plate and body plate) rotate around the fulcrum by adjusting screws under each of them. A prototype device was created to materialize this concept. First, after all adjusting screws were set to the zero position, the rotation angle of each plate was measured by a digital goniometer. Repeatability was evaluated by performing 20 repeated measurements. Next, to confirm the rotational accuracy of each plate of the prototype device, the calculated rotation angles for 20 combinations of patterns of traveled distances of the adjusting screws were compared with those measured by the digital goniometer and cone‐beam computed tomography (CT). The repeatability (standard deviation: SD) of the pitch, roll, and yaw angles of the head and neck plate was 0.04°, 0.05°, and 0.03°, and the repeatability (SD) of the body plate was 0.05°, 0.04°, and 0.04°, respectively. The mean differences ± SD between the calculated and measured pitch, roll, and yaw angles for the head and neck plate with the digital goniometer were 0.00 ± 0.06°, −0.01 ± 0.06°, and −0.04 ± 0.04°, respectively. The differences for the body plate were −0.03 ± 0.04°, 0.03 ± 0.05°, and 0.02 ± 0.05°, respectively. Results of the cone‐beam CT were similar to those of the digital goniometer. The prototype device exhibited good performance regarding the rotational accuracy and repeatability under no load. The clinical implementation of this concept is expected to reduce the residual error of the patient position due to the twist.
Thickness and Sphericity Control of Hollow Hard Silica Shells through Iron (III) Doping: Low Threshold Ultrasound Contrast Agents
Authors: Huang Ching‐Hsin , Wang James , Yang Jian , Oviedo Juan Pablo , Nam Seungjin , Trogler William C. , Blair Sarah L. , Kim Moon J. , Kummel Andrew C. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSilica particles are convenient ultrasound imaging contrast agents because of their long imaging time and ease of modification; however, they require a relatively high insonation power for imaging and have low biodegradability. In this study, 2 µm ultrathin asymmetric hollow silica particles doped with iron (III) (Fe(III)‐SiO2) are synthesized to produce biodegradable hard shelled particles with a low acoustic power threshold comparable with commercial soft microbubble contrast agents (Definity) yet with much longer in vivo ultrasound imaging time. Furthermore, high intensity focused ultrasound ablation enhancement with these particles shows a 2.5‐fold higher temperature elevation than with Definity at the same applied power. The low power visualization improves utilization of the silica shells as an adjuvant in localized immunotherapy. The data are consistent with asymmetric engineering of hard particle properties that improve functionality of hard versus soft particles.
Highly Customizable All Solution–Processed Polymer Light Emitting Diodes with Inkjet Printed Ag and Transfer Printed Conductive Polymer Electrodes
Authors: Park Jongjang , Yoon Hyungsoo , Kim Geonhee , Lee Byeongmoon , Lee Seunghwan , Jeong Sujin , Kim Taehoon , Seo Jiseok , Chung Seungjun , Hong Yongtaek 
Published: June 2019

AbstractInkjet and transfer printing processes are combined to easily form patterned poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) films as top anodes of all solution–processed inverted polymer light emitting diodes (PLEDs) on rigid glass and flexible plastic substrates. An adhesive PEDOT:PSS ink is formulated and fully customizable patterns are obtained using the inkjet printing process. In order to transfer the patterned PEDOT:PSS films, adhesion properties at interfaces during multistep transfer printing processes are carefully adjusted. The transferred PEDOT:PSS film on the plastic substrates shows not only a sheet resistance of 260.6 Ω/□ and a transmittance of 92.1% at 550 nm wavelength but also excellent mechanical flexibility. The PLEDs with spin‐coated functional layers sandwiched between the transferred PEDOT:PSS top anodes and inkjet‐printed Ag bottom cathodes are fabricated. The fabricated PLEDs on the plastic substrates show a high current efficiency of 10.4 cd A−1 and high mechanical stability. It is noted that because both Ag and PEDOT:PSS electrodes can be patterned with a high degree of freedom via the inkjet printing process, highly customizable PLEDs with various pattern sizes and shapes are demonstrated on the glass and plastic substrates. Finally, with all solution process, a 5 × 7 passive matrix PLED array is demonstrated.
A General One‐Pot Synthesis Strategy of 3D Porous Hierarchical Networks Crosslinked by Monolayered Nanoparticles Interconnected Nanoplates for Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Tan Xinghua , Guo Limin , Liu Shengnan , Wu Jianxin , Zhao Tingqiao , Ren Juncong , Liu Yanlin , Kang Xiaohong , Wang Hanfu , Sun Lianfeng , Chu Weiguo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA structure of 3D porous hierarchical networks is highly desired for mass production of electrode materials for lithium‐ion batteries due to its unique role in promoting battery performance. Herein, a general strategy using expanded graphites as both a structure‐directed template and a solution container is proposed for the synthesis of various cathode materials with 3D porous hierarchical networks formed by the crosslinkage of monolayered primary nanoparticles interconnected nanoplates, which all show high capacity, superior cyclic performance, and rate capability. The LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2/Li half cell delivers a capacity of 118 mAh g−1 at 20 C (5.6 A g−1) and capacity retention of 71.6% after 1000 cycles at 1 C, while the LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2/graphite full cell shows 79.9% and 80.0% capacity retentions after 1400 cycles at 1 C and 3000 cycles at 5 C, respectively. The superior performance is attributed to the unique 3D porous hierarchical networks with a stable surface and structure, which is related to the sufficient oxidization of Ni2+ and the formation of little residual lithium at surface intrinsic to this strategy. The study opens a generalized new avenue for facile, cheap, green, and mass production of various oxide materials with 3D porous hierarchical networks.
Ternary Polymer Solar Cells with High Efficiency of 14.24% by Integrating Two Well‐Complementary Nonfullerene Acceptors
Authors: Jiang Huanxiang , Li Xiaoming , Wang Jianing , Qiao Shanlin , Zhang Yong , Zheng Nan , Chen Weichao , Li Yonghai , Yang Renqiang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTernary polymer solar cells (PSCs) are one of the most promising device architectures that maintains the simplicity of single‐junction devices and provides an important platform to better tailor the multiple performance parameters of PSCs. Herein, a ternary PSC system is reported employing a wide bandgap polymeric donor (PBTA‐PS) and two small molecular nonfullerene acceptors (labeled as LA1 and 6TIC). LA1 and 6TIC keep not only well‐matched absorption profiles but also the rational crystallization properties. As a result, the optimal ternary PSC delivers a state of the art power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.24%, over 40% higher than the two binary devices, resulting from the prominently increased short‐circuit current density (Jsc) of 22.33 mA cm−2, moderate open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.84 V, and a superior fill factor approaching 76%. Notably, the outstanding PCE of the ternary PSC ranks one of the best among the reported ternary solar cells. The greatly improved performance of ternary PSCs mainly derives from combining the complementary properties such as absorption and crystallinity. This work highlights the great importance of the rational design of matched acceptors toward highly efficient ternary PSCs.
Graphitic Nanocarbon with Engineered Defects for High‐Performance Potassium‐Ion Battery Anodes
Authors: Zhang Wenli , Ming Jun , Zhao Wenli , Dong Xiaochen , Hedhili Mohamed N. , Costa Pedro M. F. J. , Alshareef Husam N. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe application of graphite anodes in potassium‐ion batteries (KIB) is limited by the large variation in lattice volume and the low diffusion coefficient of potassium ions during (de)potassiation. This study demonstrates nitrogen‐doped, defect‐rich graphitic nanocarbons (GNCs) as high‐performance KIB anodes. The GNCs with controllable defect densities are synthesized by annealing an ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid nickel coordination compound. The GNCs show better performance than the previously reported thin‐walled graphitic carbonaceous materials such as carbon nanocages and nanotubes. In particular, the GNC prepared at 600 °C shows a stabilized capacity of 280 mAh g−1at 50 mA g−1, robust rate capability, and long cycling life due to its high‐nitrogen‐doping, short‐range‐ordered, defect‐rich graphitic structure. A high capacity of 189 mAh g−1with a long cycle life over 200 cycles is demonstrated at a current density of 200 mA g−1. Further, it is confirmed that the potassium ion storage mechanism of GNCs is different from that of graphite using multiple characterization methods. Specifically, the GNCs with numerous defects provide more active sites for the potassiation process, which results in a final discharge product with short‐range order. This study opens a new pathway for designing graphitic carbonaceous materials for KIB anodes.
Engineering Biomimetic Platesomes for pH‐Responsive Drug Delivery and Enhanced Antitumor Activity
Authors: Liu Guangna , Zhao Xiao , Zhang Yinlong , Xu Junchao , Xu Jiaqi , Li Yao , Min Huan , Shi Jian , Zhao Ying , Wei Jingyan , Wang Jing , Nie Guangjun 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBiomimetic camouflage, i.e., using natural cell membranes for drug delivery, has demonstrated advantages over synthetic materials in both pharmacokinetics and biocompatibility, and so represents a promising solution for the development of safe nanomedicine. However, only limited efforts have been dedicated to engineering such camouflage to endow it with optimized or additional properties, in particular properties critical to a “smart” drug delivery system, such as stimuli‐responsive drug release. A pH‐responsive biomimetic “platesome” for specific drug delivery to tumors and tumor‐triggered drug release is described. This platesome nanovehicle is constructed by merging platelet membranes with functionalized synthetic liposomes and exhibits enhanced tumor affinity, due to its platelet membrane–based camouflage, and selectively releases its cargo in response to the acidic microenvironment of lysosomal compartments. In mouse cancer models, it shows significantly better antitumor efficacy than nanoformulations based on a platesome without pH responsiveness or those based on traditional pH‐sensitive liposomes. A convenient way to incorporate stimuli‐responsive features into biomimetic nanoparticles is described, demonstrating the potential of engineered cell membranes as biomimetic camouflages for a new generation of biocompatible and efficient nanocarriers.
Nature‐Inspired Design and Application of Lipidic Lyotropic Liquid Crystals
Authors: Mezzenga Raffaele , Seddon John M. , Drummond Calum J. , Boyd Ben J. , Schröder‐Turk Gerd E. , Sagalowicz Laurent 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAmphiphilic lipids aggregate in aqueous solution into a variety of structural arrangements. Among the plethora of ordered structures that have been reported, many have also been observed in nature. In addition, due to their unique morphologies, the hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains, very high internal interfacial surface area, and the multitude of possible order−order transitions depending on environmental changes, very promising applications have been developed for these systems in recent years. These include crystallization in inverse bicontinuous cubic phases for membrane protein structure determination, generation of advanced materials, sustained release of bioactive molecules, and control of chemical reactions. The outstanding diverse functionalities of lyotropic liquid crystalline phases found in nature and industry are closely related to the topology, including how their nanoscopic domains are organized. This leads to notable examples of correlation between structure and macroscopic properties, which is itself central to the performance of materials in general. The physical origin of the formation of the known classes of lipidic lyotropic liquid crystalline phases, their structure, and their occurrence in nature are described, and their application in materials science and engineering, biology, medical, and pharmaceutical products, and food science and technology are exemplified.
Self‐Sorting of 10‐µm‐Long Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Wang Peng , Barnes Benjamin , Wu Xiaojian , Qu Haoran , Zhang Chiyu , Shi Yang , Headrick Robert J. , Pasquali Matteo , Wang YuHuang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSingle‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are a class of 1D nanomaterials that exhibit extraordinary electrical and optical properties. However, many of their fundamental studies and practical applications are stymied by sample polydispersity. SWCNTs are synthesized in bulk with broad structural (chirality) and geometrical (length and diameter) distributions; problematically, all known post‐synthetic sorting methods rely on ultrasonication, which cuts SWCNTs into short segments (typically <1 µm). It is demonstrated that ultralong (>10 µm) SWCNTs can be efficiently separated from shorter ones through a solution‐phase “self‐sorting”. It is shown that thin‐film transistors fabricated from long semiconducting SWCNTs exhibit a carrier mobility as high as ≈90 cm2 V−1 s−1, which is ≈10 times higher than those which use shorter counterparts and well exceeds other known materials such as organic semiconducting polymers (<1 cm2 V−1 s−1), amorphous silicon (≈1 cm2 V−1 s−1), and nanocrystalline silicon (≈50 cm2 V−1 s−1). Mechanistic studies suggest that this self‐sorting is driven by the length‐dependent solution phase behavior of rigid rods. This length sorting technique shows a path to attain long‐sought ultralong, electronically pure carbon nanotube materials through scalable solution processing.
Nanostructured Back Reflectors for Efficient Colloidal Quantum‐Dot Infrared Optoelectronics
Authors: Baek Se‐Woong , Molet Pau , Choi Min‐Jae , Biondi Margherita , Ouellette Olivier , Fan James , Hoogland Sjoerd , García de Arquer F. Pelayo , Mihi Agustín , Sargent Edward H. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractColloidal quantum dots (CQDs) can be used to extend the response of solar cells, enabling the utilization of solar power that lies to the red of the bandgap of c‐Si and perovskites. To achieve largely complete absorption of infrared (IR) photons in CQD solids requires thicknesses on the micrometer range; however, this exceeds the typical diffusion lengths (≈300 nm) of photoexcited charges in these materials. Nanostructured metal back electrodes that grant the cell efficient IR light trapping in thin active layers with no deterioration of the electrical properties are demonstrated. Specifically, a new hole‐transport layer (HTL) is developed and directly nanostructured. Firstly, a material set to replace conventional rigid HTLs in CQD devices is developed with a moldable HTL that combines the mechanical and chemical requisites for nanoimprint lithography with the optoelectronic properties necessary to retain efficient charge extraction through an optically thick layer. The new HTL is nanostructured in a 2D lattice and conformally coated with MoO3/Ag. The photonic structure in the back electrode provides a record photoelectric conversion efficiency of 86%, beyond the Si bandgap, and a 22% higher IR power conversion efficiency compared to the best previous reports.
A 3D and Stable Lithium Anode for High‐Performance Lithium–Iodine Batteries
Authors: Li Kang , Hu Ziyu , Ma Jizhen , Chen Song , Mu Dexu , Zhang Jintao 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLithium metal is considered as the most promising anode material due to its high theoretical specific capacity and the low electrochemical reduction potential. However, severe dendrite problems have to be addressed for fabricating stable and rechargeable batteries (e.g., lithium–iodine batteries). To fabricate a high‐performance lithium–iodine (Li–I2) battery, a 3D stable lithium metal anode is prepared by loading of molten lithium on carbon cloth doped with nitrogen and phosphorous. Experimental observations and theoretical calculation reveal that the N,P codoping greatly improves the lithiophilicity of the carbon cloth, which not only enables the uniform loading of molten lithium but also facilitates reversible lithium stripping and plating. Dendrites formation can thus be significantly suppressed at a 3D lithium electrode, leading to stable voltage profiles over 600 h at a current density of 3 mA cm−2. A fuel cell with such an electrode and a lithium–iodine cathode shows impressive long‐term stability with a capacity retention of around 100% over 4000 cycles and enhanced high‐rate capability. These results demonstrate the promising applications of 3D stable lithium metal anodes in next‐generation rechargeable batteries.
Sono‐Immunotherapeutic Nanocapturer to Combat Multidrug‐Resistant Bacterial Infections
Authors: Pang Xin , Liu Xue , Cheng Yi , Zhang Chang , Ren En , Liu Chao , Zhang Yang , Zhu Jing , Chen Xiaoyuan , Liu Gang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAntibiotic‐free methods hold particular promise for preventing and controlling multidrug‐resistant (MDR) bacterial infection via eradiation of bacteria and their pathogenic virulence. A facile and bioinspired strategy is presented for bridging antibacterial sonodynamic therapy and antivirulence immunotherapy. As a proof‐of‐concept, an antibody which neutralizes alpha‐toxin of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is genetically engineered on to the surface of cell membrane nanovesicles, which then undergo sonosensitizer encapsulation. Compared with conventional passive virulence absorption using natural red blood membrane, the highly active antibody–toxin interaction enables the nanovesicles to capture virulence more potently in vitro. Upon ultrasound activation, the sonosensitizers efficiently generate reactive oxygen species to kill bacteria and accelerate the virulence clearance. In vivo optical imaging shows that the antibody‐piloted nanocapturer can successfully locate MRSA infection and accurately distinguish the foci from sterile inflammation. In situ magnetic resonance imaging and oxyhemoglobin saturation detection visualize the treatment progression, revealing a complete sono‐immunotherapeutic eradication of MRSA myositis in mice. The first combination of antibacterial sonodynamic therapy and antivirulence immunotherapy, which promises a new way for antibiotic‐free nanotheranostics to robustly combat MDR bacterial infections, is presented.
Controlled Cooling for Synthesis of Cs2AgBiBr6 Single Crystals and Its Application for X‐Ray Detection
Authors: Yin Lixiao , Wu Haodi , Pan Weicheng , Yang Bo , Li Penghua , Luo Jiajun , Niu Guangda , Tang Jiang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCs2AgBiBr6 double perovskite recently emerges as a promising semiconductor for ionization detections because of the low detection limit and nontoxic composition. However, it suffers from unsatisfactory reproducibility and wide fluctuation of electrical properties, as also in other halide perovskite systems. Here, solubility and supersolubility are employed as quantitative indicators to direct the growth of Cs2AgBiBr6 single crystals. The optimized Cs2AgBiBr6 crystals exhibit smooth surface as well as high resistivity with narrow distribution from 6.10 × 109 to 3.31 × 1010 Ω cm, in contrast to the unoptimized Cs2AgBiBr6 crystals ranging from 6.04 × 107 to 5.61 × 109 Ω cm. Moreover, the fabricated X‐ray detector has a sensitivity of 1974 µC Gyair−1 cm−2 under 50 V mm−1 electric field, which is close to lead halide perovskite detectors. This study highlights the importance of quantitative understanding about the growth process, and might also be applicable to other crystal growth methods, for instance, antisolvent or solvent evaporation method.
Glycosaminoglycan and Proteoglycan Biotherapeutics in Articular Cartilage Protection and Repair Strategies: Novel Approaches to Visco‐supplementation in Orthobiologics
Authors: Hayes Anthony J. , Melrose James 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study is to review developments in glycosaminoglycan and proteoglycan research relevant to cartilage repair biology and in particular the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA). Glycosaminoglycans decorate a diverse range of extracellular matrix and cell associated proteoglycans conveying structural organization and physico‐chemical properties to tissues. They play key roles mediating cellular interactions with bioactive growth factors, cytokines, and morphogenetic proteins, and structural fibrillar collagens, cell interactive and extracellular matrix proteoglycans, and glycoproteins which define tissue function. Proteoglycan degradation detrimentally affects tissue functional properties. Therapeutic strategies have been developed to counter these degenerative changes. Neo‐proteoglycans prepared from chondroitin sulfate or hyaluronan and hyaluronan or collagen‐binding peptides emulate the interactive, water imbibing, weight bearing, and surface lubricative properties of native proteoglycans. Many neo‐proteoglycans outperform native proteoglycans in terms of water imbibition, matrix stabilization, and resistance to proteolytic degradation. The biospecificity of recombinant proteoglycans however, provides precise attachment to native target molecules. Visco‐supplements augmented with growth factors/therapeutic cells, hyaluronan, and lubricin (orthobiologicals) have the capacity to lubricate and protect cartilage, control inflammation, and promote cartilage repair and regeneration of early cartilage lesions and may represent a more effective therapeutic approach to the treatment of mild to moderate OA and deserve further study.