bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of Agricultural Spatial Market Integration: Evidence from the Hog Market in China
Authors: Pan Fanghui , Li Cuixia 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis article investigates the evolution of hog spatial market integration in China based on a minimal spanning tree by using provincial hog price data. The empirical results show that hog spatial market integration in China has increased gradually and reached a high stable level after 2012. Hog spatial market integration underwent a structural break in April 2007, after which hog market integration was greatly strengthened. Moreover, the market power of hog markets in eastern China and central China is increasing, and Shandong is a price setter, whereas hog markets in southwestern, northeastern, and northern China are price followers.
Continuous Electroencephalography Monitoring for Critically Ill Neonates: A Canadian Perspective
Authors: Buttle Sarah Grace , Sell Erick , Webster Richard , Varin Melanie , Lemyre Brigitte , Hahn Cecil , Pohl Daniela 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT:Background: Continuous EEG monitoring, in the form of amplitude-integrated (aEEG) or conventional EEG (cEEG), is used in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) to detect subclinical central nervous system pathologies, inform management, and prognosticate neurodevelopmental outcomes. To learn more about provider attitudes and current practices in Canada, we evaluated neurologist and neonatologist opinions regarding NICU EEG monitoring. Methods: A 15-item electronic questionnaire was distributed to 114 pediatric neurologists and 176 neonatologists working across 25 sites. Results: The survey was completed by 87 of 290 physicians. Continuous EEG monitoring is utilized by 97% of pediatric neurologists and 92% of neonatologists. Neurologists and neonatologists differ in their EEG monitoring preferences. For seizure detection and diagnosis of encephalopathy, significantly more neonatologists favor aEEG alone or in combination with cEEG, whereas most neurologists prefer cEEG (p = 0.047, 0.001). There is a significant difference in the perceived gaps in monitoring patients with cEEG between neonatologists (13% would monitor more) and neurologists (41% would monitor more) (p = 0.007). Half of all respondents (53%) reported that they would be interested in attending an education session on neonatal EEG monitoring. Conclusions: Canadian neurologists and neonatologists do not agree on the best monitoring approach for critically ill neonates. Furthermore, neonatologists perceive a smaller cEEG monitoring gap as compared with neurologists. However, many participants from both specialties would like to increase long-term EEG monitoring in the NICU setting. Facilitating access to EEG monitoring and enhancing education may help to address these needs.
Turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection in an annular cell
Authors: Zhu Xu , Jiang Lin-Feng , Zhou Quan , Sun Chao 
Published: April 2019

We report an experimental study of turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard (RB) convection in an annular cell of water (Prandtl number $Pr=4.3$) with a radius ratio $\unicode[STIX]{x1D702}\simeq 0.5$. Global quantities, such as the Nusselt number $Nu$ and the Reynolds number $Re$, and local temperatures were measured over the Rayleigh range $4.2\times 10^{9}\leqslant Ra\leqslant 4.5\times 10^{10}$. It is found that the scaling behaviours of $Nu(Ra)$, $Re(Ra)$ and the temperature fluctuations remain the same as those in the traditional cylindrical cells; both the global and local properties of turbulent RB convection are insensitive to the change of cell geometry. A visualization study, as well as local temperature measurements, shows that in spite of the lack of the cylindrical core, there also exists a large-scale circulation (LSC) in the annular system: thermal plumes organize themselves with the ascending hot plumes on one side and the descending cold plumes on the opposite side. Near the upper and lower plates, the mean flow moves along the two circular branches. Our results further reveal that the dynamics of the LSC in this annular geometry is different from that in the traditional cylindrical cell, i.e. the orientation of the LSC oscillates in a narrow azimuthal angle range, and no cessations, reversals or net rotation were detected.
Paleoecological implications of the first prehistoric record of water vole (Microtus richardsoni) from Washington state, USA
Authors: Lyman R. Lee 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRemains of the North American water vole (Microtus richardsoni) have previously been recovered from late Pleistocene and Holocene deposits in southwestern Alberta, western Montana, and north-central Wyoming. All are within the historically documented modern range of the metapopulation occupying the Rocky Mountains; no ancient remains of this large microtine have previously been reported from the metapopulation occupying the Cascade Range. Four lower first molar specimens from the late Holocene Stemilt Creek Village archaeological site in central Washington here identified as water vole are from the eastern slope of the Cascade Range and are extralimital to the metapopulation found in those mountains. There is no taphonomic evidence indicating long-distance transport of the teeth, and modern trapping records suggest the local absence of water voles from the site area today is not a function of sampling error. The precise age of the Stemilt Creek Village water voles is obscure but climate change producing well-documented late Holocene advances of nearby alpine glaciers could have created habitat conditions conducive to the apparent modest shift in the range of the species represented by the remains.
The Defended Vici of Roman Britain: Recent Research and New Agendas
Authors: Smith Alexander , Fulford Michael 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe evidence of the character and purpose of settlements previously described as defended ‘small towns’ is reviewed in the light of knowledge accrued since the implementation of Planning Policy Guidance 16 in 1990, the same year as the publication of Burnham and Wacher's survey,The ‘Small Towns’ of Roman Britain. This review focuses on four of the more extensively excavated settlements: Alcester, Cambridge, Godmanchester and Worcester. In the absence of convincing urban attributes, it is suggested that this category of settlement should more appropriately be regarded as defended villages (vici). These cluster in and around the West Anglian plain and on Ermine Street, suggesting a strategic function to protect grain and other food supplies and their movement, potentially either to the northern frontier or south to London and, perhaps, export to the Continent.
Regulatory policy entrepreneurship and reforms: a comparison of competition and financial regulation
Authors: Jabotinsky Hadar Y. , Cohen Nissim 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis article proposes a new perspective for analysing regulatory reforms by emphasising the important role of policy entrepreneurs. We provide a framework for understanding the interaction between appointed regulators and politicians, as well as other players in the policy arena, by emphasising the strategies that entrepreneurial regulators use to promote their agendas. Analysing the individual regulatory entrepreneur’s barriers, goals and strategies helps us gain a better microunderstanding of how regulatory reforms are actually achieved. We maintain that when regulators act as policy entrepreneurs, they change policy outcomes by adopting strategies that promote their agendas. We develop this argument by analysing two case studies of regulatory reforms in Israel: one in the banking sector and one involving changes in competition policy.
HEIGHT AND INEQUALITY IN POST-1950 MEXICO: A HISTORY OF STUNTED GROWTH
Authors: López-Alonso Moramay , Vélez-Grajales Roberto 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTUsing data from two national surveys (ENSA, 2000; ENSANUT, 2006) we assess the evolution of biological standards of living of the Mexican population born during the second half of the 20thcentury. Our results show that there was an improvement in living standards reflected in an increase in stature, but this amelioration was limited. We observe differences across socio-economic strata, across educational levels, and between men and women. Persistent structural inequality has been byproduct of a system of security and social protection that was limited, segmented and hampered the potentially positive effects of social-welfare policies. We corroborate the relatively modest improvement in heights by comparing outcomes in Mexico with other Latin American countries.
ES UN MUNDO PEQUEÑO: MOVILIDAD Y REDES EMPRESARIALES EN EL PROCESO DE COLONIZACIÓN AMERICANA
Authors: Mena García Carmen , Cachero Vinuesa Montserrat 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTThis paper analyses economic interaction inCastilla del Oro(Panama) at the beginning of the 16thcentury. By applying network analysis to fiscal records, the paper reconstructs, represents and tests business networks in the mining sector and how they became more complex with the arrival of emigrants and the appearance of new gold deposits. Results show a dynamic population with a high mobility degree despite the adverse geography and the inexistent communications.
Food As a Collective Heritage Brand in the Era of Globalization
Authors: Csergo Julia 
Published: April 2019

Abstract:Following debate surrounding nominations of food practices for the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization’s lists of intangible cultural heritage (ICH), 10 years after the entry into force of the Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage, we observe that the ICH lists count a growing number of food-related heritage elements. Yet food, or even gastronomy, as a cultural domain within ICH has yet to be officially recognized. However, given the trade policies arising from the new globalization, which subject peoples and the planet to imported, globalized, and standardized models and which generate an impoverishment of agricultures and food cultures, major geo-economic issues will play out around this recognition. Thus, along with identification labels of quality and origin that protect certain products and know-how from counterfeiting, other forms of protection could be put into place for the benefit of intangible food heritage inscribed on national lists and of the products, goods, services, industries, and cultural spaces in which they are embedded. From the perspective of safeguarding cultural diversity, which any inscription of ICH should lead to, these protections could operate not only through the cultural policies within safeguarding plans but also through the creation of a new binding legal instrument—“the heritage brand”—which could become an important facet of international trade law.
Preliminary results of the CeraflexTM PDA occluder and device behaviour during releasing
Authors: Epçaçan Serdar , Bulut Mustafa Orhan , Yücel İlker Kemal , Ceviz Naci , Çelebi Ahmet 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntroduction:The CeraFlexTM PDA occluder is a new flexible device with a unique delivery system that may be beneficial with regard to not changing the device position after releasing. We prospectively evaluate the efficacy of the device and also the device behaviour patterns during release.Methods:The study included 21 patients. Their median age was 1.2 years (from 6 months to 28 years) and weight was 9.6 kg (from 5.4 to 82 kg). All of the ducts were conical except one atypical ductus. Median ductal diameter at the pulmonary end was 3.8 mm (from 2.2 to 8.2 mm). The ductus was closed using an antegrade approach, but special attention was paid to the patterns of device behaviour during and just after releasing.Results:Three different modes of device behaviour were observed during and just after releasing: (1) Neither difficulty nor change of position in 13 patients (62%), (2) a little difficulty in releasing but no change of position in 6 (29%), and (3) change of the device position in 2 (9%). There was no residual shunt on the next day except in one patient, in whom late device embolisation occurred. The device was retrieved and another, bigger device implanted.Conclusion:The CeraFlexTM PDA occlude device seems to be safe and efficacious for patent ductus arteriosus closure. Its unique delivery system generally fixes the device in a stable position that does not change after release (91%). Minor difficulty in releasing is not uncommon; however, the major disadvantage is the need for larger sheaths for delivery.
Hypofractionated volumetric modulated arc therapy with SIB adjuvant to breast preservation surgery: retrospective experience from a Regional Cancer Centre in Eastern India
Authors: Pallath Ashwin Mohandas , Lahiri Debarshi , Misra Biplab , Roy Sanjoy , Maji Tapas , Ray Dilip Kumar , Misra Dillip Kumar 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackground:The incidence of breast cancer has surpassed cervical cancer in India and it has now become the most common cancer in women. Multiple randomised studies have reported lowα/βvalue in the range of 3–4 for breast cancer, which predict a potential radiobiological advantage for hypofractionated radiotherapy resulting in such schedules becoming standard in many centers with reduction in overall treatment time. Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) is a novel technique of delivering radiotherapy that reduces treatment delivery time, requires less monitor units (MU) and offers good conformity. The mean dose to normal tissue may be minimised using this technique although there will be inferior sparing if we consider the low-dose volume such asV5, the effect of which is not quantifiable yet.Aim:Reporting acute toxicity, cosmetic effects, and quality of life in patients of early breast cancer treated with adjuvant hypofractionated VMAT with SIB.Material and Methods:The records of 44 patients registered at the hospital between August 2014 and December 2015 were included in this analysis. Acute toxicities were analysed using CTCAE v4.03. Cosmetic outcomes were assessed using Harvard scale, while quality of life outcomes were assessed using EORTC scales and Health Related quality of life (HRQOL) questionnaires (QLQ-C30 and QLQ-BR23).Results:No grade ≥2 skin toxicities were recorded. Breast pain was recorded as Grade 1 in 13·8% patients and Grade 1 fatigue in 18·2%. The maximum haematological abnormality grade recorded was Grade 1. Cosmesis was assessed at the baseline, 6 months, 1 year and 2 years. A total of 88·6% of the patients had an Excellent or good cosmesis at the baseline, which was similar even at 6 months, at 88·7%, improved further at 1 year to 90·9%. At 6 months post radiotherapy, high functional scale QOL scores were noted.Conclusion:The technique is associated with minimum acute toxicity, good to excellent cosmesis and acceptable quality of life.
Community-based self-management of chronic low back pain in a rural African primary care setting: a feasibility study
Authors: Igwesi-Chidobe Chinonso N , Godfrey Emma L , Kitchen Sheila , Onwasigwe Chika N , Sorinola Isaac O 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA small pragmatic non-randomised controlled study investigated the feasibility and acceptability of a novel theory-informed community-based self-management programme targeting the biopsychosocial factors associated with chronic low back pain disability in a rural Nigerian primary care centre. Participants either received the programme, once weekly for 6 weeks, or usual care. The programme combined group exercise sessions with group/individual discussion sessions, informed by cognitive behavioural therapy and motivational interviewing. Recruitment rate, intervention delivery, proportion of planned treatment attended, retention/dropout rate, adherence to recommended self-management strategies and biopsychosocial outcomes were used to determine feasibility. Structured qualitative exit feedback interviews ascertained acceptability. Recruitment rate was 100%, treatment uptake was 83% and loss to follow-up was 8%. Greater benefits for the self-management group compared with control were observed for primary and secondary biopsychosocial outcomes. Although the programme appears promising, the exploratory design of this study warrants more rigorous intervention testing following suggested programme improvement.
Residents' and family members' perceptions of care quality and self-determination in palliative phase in residential care
Authors: Schenell Ramona , Ozanne Anneli , Strang Susann , Henoch Ingela 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveDependency on others can compromise self-determination for older persons in the palliative phase in residential care. Family members can support the residents' self-determination but may also jeopardize it. Quality of care (QoC) is linked to respecting the autonomy of the residents and providing opportunities to participate in decision-making. The aim of the study was to provide knowledge about residents' and family members' perceptions of QoC and self-determination and to detect possible differences between their experiences.MethodThis cross-sectional study used an abbreviated version of the questionnaire, Quality from the Patients' Perspective, with additional items about decision-making. Wilcoxon's signed rank test was used to analyze the perception of QoC and to detect differences between residents' and family members' perceptions.ResultQoC was perceived as lower than preferred in the majority of items and there was a high level of agreement between residents and family members. Lowest mean values in QoC were found in: support when feeling lonely; support when feeling worry, anxiety or fear; and staff's time to talk to the residents. Decision-making in everyday life and in life-changing situations showed that neither residents nor family members trusted staff to know about the residents' preferences.Significance of resultsBroad improvements are needed, especially in psychosocial care. Several of the negative outcomes on QoC and self-determination seem to derive from a focus on practical tasks and the lack of trustful relationships between residents and staff. An early implementation of palliative care, with a focus on what brings quality to each resident's life, could facilitate QoC and self-determination, in both everyday life and at the end of life.
Impact of a brief worry-based cognitive therapy group in psychosis: a study of feasibility and acceptability
Authors: Courtney Helen , White Lucy , Richardson Thomas , Dasyam Ben , Tedbury Jo , Butt Jane 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPrevious research suggests that CBT focusing on worry in those with persecutory delusions reduces paranoia, severity of delusions and associated distress. This preliminary case series aimed to see whether it is feasible and acceptable to deliver worry-focused CBT in a group setting to those with psychosis. A secondary aim was to examine possible clinical changes. Two groups totalling 11 participants were run for seven sessions using the Worry Intervention Trial manual. Qualitative and quantitative data about the experience of being in the group was also collected via questionnaires, as was data on number of sessions attended. Measures were delivered pre- and post-group and at 3-month follow-up. These included a worry scale, a measure of delusional belief and associated distress and quality of life measures. Of the 11 participants who started the group, nine completed the group. Qualitative and quantitative feedback indicated that most of the participants found it acceptable and helpful, and that discussing these issues in a group setting was not only tolerable but often beneficial. Reliable Change Index indicated that 6/7 of the group members showed reliable reductions in their levels of worry post-group and 5/7 at follow-up. There were positive changes on other measures, which appeared to be more pronounced at follow-up. Delivering a worry intervention in a group format appears to be acceptable and feasible. Further research with a larger sample and control group is indicated to test the clinical effectiveness of this intervention.Key learning aims(1)To understand the role of worry in psychosis.(2)To learn about the possible feasibility of working on worry in a group setting.(3)To be aware of potential clinical changes from the group.(4)To consider acceptability for participants of working on worries in a group setting.
TheInternational Review of the Red Crossand the protection of civilians, c. 1919–1939
Authors: Holmes Ben 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis article will use past issues of theInternational Review of the Red Crossto examine how the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (the Movement) has engaged with the issue of civilian protection over the course of its history. Although founded to organize humanitarian relief and legal protection for wounded and sick combatants, the International Committee of the Red Cross and the wider Movement have increasingly incorporated civilian war victims into their remit since their establishment. Yet, as this article will highlight, this process has not been straightforward. Focussing on the critical period between the two World Wars, the article will use theReviewto illustrate why the Red Cross began engaging with the “civilianization” of conflicts in response to the threat of new technologies like gas and aerial bombardment. Using articles from theReviewto highlight the key challenges faced by the Movement in protecting civilians over this period, it will also consider the gaps in the Red Cross's initial conceptions of who “the civilian” was, why belligerents attacked them, and what was the best means of protecting them.
Mesoscale Signature of the North Atlantic Oscillation and Its Interaction With the Ocean
Authors: Cobb A. , Czaja A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis observational study uses high‐resolution data to investigate mesoscale signatures of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) in the atmosphere and ocean. The production of spatially high‐pass (“mesoscale”) filtered kinetic energy by buoyancy and shear effects in the atmosphere, along with sea surface temperature and surface currents in the ocean is described, and a difference with NAO phase is found. In positive NAO winters, an extension of the Gulf Stream warm core is observed, along with a displacement and acceleration of surface currents. Mesoscale activity in the atmosphere appears to follow this extension of the warm core of the Gulf Stream. This, we suggest, is a new feature of NAO air‐sea interactions which is embedded within the basin‐scale NAO patterns discussed previously in the literature. Further downstream, mesoscale activity seems to reflect more passively the general poleward migration of synoptic activity in positive NAO conditions.