bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Der Kautschukbaum: Eine Pflanze, die die Welt veränderte!
Authors: Rösemann Ulrich 
Published: August 2018

„… In der Provinz Esmeralda (Brasilien) wächst ein Baum Namens Hevea. Wenn man nur einen kleinen Schnitt in seine Rinde macht, tritt daraus eine mächtige Flüssigkeit hervor, die, wenn sie mit Luft in Berührung kommt, härter wird und eine schwarze Farbe annimmt […]Die Maya nennen das Harz, das sie auf diese Weise gewinnen, Cahutschu. Man spricht es Kautschuk aus und es bedeutet, der Baum, der weint.“Charles Marie de La Condamine (1745)
Ultra‐Fast Cycling of Nanoscale Thin‐Film LiCoO2 Electrodes in Aqueous Electrolytes
Authors: Clancy Tomás M. , Rohan James F. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAdditive‐free nanoscale LiCoO2 thin‐films deposited on Si substrates using DC sputtering show exceptional electrochemical performance due to the unique kinetics of the nanoscale thin‐film in aqueous environment. At extremely high scan rates and galvanostatic current densities of up to 100 mV s−1 and 200 C respectively, a capacity retention equivalent to 97 mAh g−1 (4.8 μAh cm−2, 48.3 μAh cm−2 μm−1) is obtained. A significant contribution of non‐diffusion controlled kinetics in a LiCoO2 electrode is shown.
Understanding the Sn Loading Impact on the Performance of Mesoporous Carbon/Sn‐Based Nanocomposites in Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Nita Cristina , Fullenwarth Julien , Monconduit Laure , Le Meins Jean‐Marc , Parmentier Julien , Sougrati Moulay Tahar , Matei Ghimbeu Camélia 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHerein, we report a systematic study to understand the influence of the amount of tin metal precursor salt on the formation of carbon/tin hybrid materials and their performances as anodes in Li‐ion batteries. Small Sn metallic particles (ca. 5 nm) covered by a SnO2 layer were uniformly dispersed in a mesoporous carbon for a low loading of tin; whereas, for higher Sn loadings, the formation of Sn‐based particles aggregates (ca. 200 nm) is promoted as well. By increasing the Sn loading from 20 to 80 %, the irreversible capacity was successfully reduced and the reversible capacity improved. This could be related to the decrease of the C/Sn hybrids specific surface area and the increase of the Sn active species. For long‐term cycling, capacity fading was observed, particularly for high Sn loadings assigned to the Sn nanoparticles placed outside the carbon network, which upon lithiation witness large volume expansion, leading to severe particle growth and agglomeration. Therefore, similar reversible capacities at long cycling are reached, no matter the Sn loading. For optimal electrochemical performances, it appears that a balance between the amount of Sn and uniform small Sn‐based particles dispersion within carbon matrix must be assured to design high‐performance anodes for Li‐ion batteries.
Interfacial N→Sb Nonbonded Interaction Enhances the Photoelectronic Performance of PVP‐Capped Sb2S3 Amorphous Colloids
Authors: Wang Junli , Feng Ying , Wang Tingting , Qiao Yajie , Chen Kangmin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe bonded or nonbonded interactions at the interface of ligands and surface atoms are a core issue in engineering the surface chemistry and (photo)electronic properties of semiconductor colloidal solids. Herein, we demonstrate the interfacial Lewis acid‐base N→Sb nonbonded interaction: N atoms in polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) molecules acting as an electron donor to enhance the photoconductivity and ‐responsivity of PVP‐capped Sb2S3 amorphous semiconductor colloids. The electron donation effect of PVP N atoms in the N→Sb interaction is backed by the upper shift of N 1s binding energy in the X‐ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) and the relevant literature. The repulsion of lone pair electrons (LPEs) of N atoms is thought to make 5 s2 LPEs of Sb atoms retract from Sb nuclei with an increased orbital volume, giving rise to high probability for the overlap and coupling of 5 s2 LPEs among neighboring Sb atoms on the surface of Sb2S3 amorphous colloids. Such a spatially and energetically matched electron‐electron coupling greatly contributes to the photoelectronic performance enhancement of amorphous Sb2S3. We believe that the electron coupling and improved (photo)electronics can be generalized in many semiconductors containing ns2 LPE metal cations by the surface/interface Lewis acid‐base interactions with suitable ligands.
Engineering Two‐Helix Motifs through NDI Linker: A Modular Approach for Charge Transferable Conductive Foldamers Design
Authors: Reja Rahi M. , Misra Rajkumar , Gopi Hosahudya N. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA new approach for the construction of two‐helix motifs from helix modules and planar 1,4,5,8‐naphthalenetetracarboxylic diimide (NDI) is described. The single crystal conformations of two different types of two‐helix motifs consisting of achiral α‐peptide C10‐helix (310) and chiral α,γ‐hybrid peptide C12‐helix revealed that the helices adopted antiparallel orientations across the planar NDI with 2‐fold symmetry. The crystal conformations of two‐helix motifs were further explored to design electrical conducting peptide foldamer by introducing electron rich pyrene (p‐type) as a side‐chain in the α,γ‐hybrid helix. The two‐helix motif with charge transferable pyrene (p‐type)‐NDI (n‐type) combination showed better electrical conductivity compared to the two‐helix motif without pyrene side‐chain. Moreover, the crystal conformations also provided molecular insight into the peptide orientation of NDI‐peptide conjugates. The two‐helix motifs described here may serve as potential molecular scaffolds to design novel conductive peptide foldamers and self‐assembling biomaterials.
Substituent‐directed ESIPT‐coupled Aggregation‐induced Emission in Near‐infrared‐emitting Quinazoline Derivatives
Authors: Dwivedi Bhupendra Kumar , Singh Vishwa Deepak , Paitandi Rajendra Prasad , Pandey Daya Shankar 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA series of ESIPT (excited state intramolecular proton transfer) active systems (HQz1–HQz6) derived from quinazoline have been reported. The ESIPT emission for these derivatives gets completely quenched in solvents with diverse polarities which have been restored via aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) with large Stokes shift (up to 314 nm). It varied from 450 to 701 nm just by altering substituents at the para position of hydroxy group in the central phenyl ring. As well, HQz1–HQz6 displayed solid state emission [∼455 (blue) to ∼704 nm (red)]. The formyl group on the central hydroxy‐phenyl ring of these derivatives induces ESIPT by increasing acidity of the hydroxy proton which has been followed by 1H NMR studies. Further, it has been clearly shown that emission colour and aggregate morphology can be fine tuned by incorporating apt substituents. The present study offers a simple route to obtain colour tunable ESIPT emission via AIE which is very important for biological imaging and fabrication of optoelectronic devices.
In Situ Imaging of N‐Glycans by MALDI Imaging Mass Spectrometry of Fresh or Formalin‐Fixed Paraffin‐Embedded Tissue
Authors: Drake Richard R. , Powers Thomas W. , Norris‐Caneda Kim , Mehta Anand S. , Angel Peggi M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractGlycosylation of cell surface, secreted, and circulating proteins is one of the most common types of post‐translational modification. These modifications occur most commonly as one of three major classes: N‐linked glycosylation on asparagine residues, O‐linked glycosylation on serine or threonine residues, or as glycosaminoglycan oligosaccharide polymers on serine. Specifically, for N‐linked glycans, an endoglycosidase enzyme, peptide N‐glycosidase F (PNGase F), cleaves the attached oligosaccharides between the asparagine and first sugar. A method to analyze released N‐glycans and map them to specific locations within a tissue is presented here. The PNGase F is applied by solvent sprayer as a molecular layer on frozen or formalin‐fixed tissues and all released N‐glycans in a given region of tissue are detected using matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI‐IMS). Using the described MALDI‐IMS protocol, at least 40 or more individual N‐glycans can be mapped to tissue histopathology and extracted for further structural analysis approaches. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Numerical Simulation on Effect of Rotation on Thermal Convection in a Shallow Model Czochralski Configuration with a Heated Bottom
Authors: Shen Ting , Wu Chun‐Mei , Li You‐Rong 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis paper presents a set of numerical simulations on the effect of rotation on thermal convection in a shallow model Czochralski configuration with a heated crucible bottom. Results show that when the bottom is heated by low heat flux, the temperature fluctuation can be significantly weakened and the melt can be kept from solidifying. Once the heat flux exceeds a threshold value, the thermocapillary convection will transit to the Benard–Marangoni convection. The temperature fluctuation is amplified by increasing crystal rotation rate or heat flux. The crystal rotation can restrain the azimuthal traveling of the waves. However, the propagating direction of the waves is related to the temperature gradient and the crucible rotation, and is independent of the crystal rotation. The wavenumber is reduced by the crystal rotation individually. Furthermore, the crucible rotation can reduce the effect of the crystal rotation on the wavenumber.
Flow cytometric seed screen data are consistent with models of chromosome inheritance in asymmetrically compensating allopolyploids
Authors: Kolarčik V. , Kocová V. , Vašková D. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAngiosperms have evolved a mechanism of double fertilization, which results in the production of a separate embryo (new individual) and endosperm (nutritive tissue). The flow cytometric seed screen (FCSS) was developed to infer plant reproduction modes based on endosperm‐to‐embryo DNA content ratio (Pind). A ratio of 1.5 indicates sexual reproduction, whereas higher values of ≥2.0 are consistent with apomixis. Although FCSS has been successfully applied to the study of sexual and asexual plants, the limits of FCSS and particularly its potential for determination of reproduction modes in hemisexual plants have not been explored. Here, we evaluated the application of FCSS to the study of reproduction modes in two asymmetrically compensating allopolyploids (ACAs), Onosma arenaria and Rosa canina. These two species are characterized by the presence of asexually inherited univalent‐forming and sexually inherited bivalent‐forming chromosome sets. They both use asymmetric meiosis, which eliminates univalent‐forming chromosome sets from the male gamete and retains them in the female gamete. Different chromosomal behavior in male and female meiosis in these plants is reflected in different theoretically derived Pind values, which deviate from a sexual 1.5 value. Here, we determined Pind FCSS‐based values in seeds of ACAs, and compared the results to sexual species. As expected, we determined that the mean Pind is 1.51, 1.52, and 1.52 in the sexual plants, that is, Capsella bursa‐pastoris, Crataegus monogyna, and O. pseudoarenaria, respectively. In the ACAs, different mean Pind values were determined for O. arenaria (1.61) and R. canina (1.82). These values are consistent with the theoretical Pind values determined based on models of chromosome inheritance. This study highlights the precision of flow cytometry in determining DNA content and it's utility in screening reproduction modes. Additionally, it advocates for more in‐depth investigations into rapid screening of accessions where the Pind ratio has deviated from the 1.5 value typical of sexual species, which may indicate meiotic irregularities.
Phenotypic profile of Ile68Leu transthyretin amyloidosis: an underdiagnosed cause of heart failure
Authors: Gagliardi Christian , Perfetto Federico , Lorenzini Massimiliano , Ferlini Alessandra , Salvi Fabrizio , Milandri Agnese , Quarta Cristina Candida , Taborchi Giulia , Bartolini Simone , Frusconi Sabrina , Martone Raffaele , Cinelli Michele Mario , Foffi Serena , Reggiani Maria Letizia Bacchi , Fabbri Gioele , Cataldo Paolo , Cappelli Francesco , Rapezzi Claudio 
Published: August 2018

AimsCardiac amyloidosis remains a great challenge for the cardiologist. One of the three main aetiological forms, transthyretin‐related hereditary amyloidosis (ATTRm), can present with several phenotypes, depending mainly on the specific mutation. We aimed to characterize the phenotype of patients with ATTRm due to Ile68Leu mutation, comparing them to patients with wild‐type transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTRwt).Methods and resultsData of 67 Ile68Leu ATTRm patients from two Italian referral centres (Bologna and Florence) were retrospectively analysed and compared to those of 82 ATTRwt patients. Fifty‐five unaffected mutation carriers were also analysed. Cumulative disease onset was 50% at age 71. A total of 56/67 (84%) patients had a predominantly cardiac phenotype at presentation with concentric increase in left ventricular wall thickness [median 17 mm], and normal or near normal left ventricular ejection fraction (79% of patients). Low QRS voltages were present only in 29% of patients but voltage/mass ratio was low (0.5). Carpal tunnel syndrome was noted in 43%. The overall phenotypic profile was similar to ATTRwt but Ile68Leu ATTRm patients typically presented younger (median 71 vs. 78 years) and were more likely to have (mild) symptomatic neurological involvement (19% vs. 2%). Male prevalence was 44% in unaffected mutation carriers and 78% in affected patients. Age‐adjusted survival was comparable between groups.ConclusionsIle68Leu ATTRm is a cause of familial amyloidotic cardiomyopathy endemic in central‐northern Italy and presents as hypertrophic/restrictive cardiomyopathy quite similar to ATTRwt. Male preponderance is present in affected patients but not in unaffected mutation carriers. Age‐adjusted survival is similar to ATTRwt.
Characterization of Virgin Avocado Oil Obtained via Advanced Green Techniques
Authors: Tan Chin Xuan , Chong Gun Hean , Hamzah Hazilawati , Ghazali Hasanah Mohd 
Published: August 2018

The quality characteristics, bioactive phytochemicals, volatile compounds, and antioxidant capacities of virgin avocado oil extracted using a couple of green methods, namely, subcritical CO2 extraction (SCO2) and ultrasound‐assisted aqueous extraction (UAAE), are compared with the oil extracted using the conventional solvent extraction. Results indicate the quality properties of avocado oil are unaffected by extraction methods. The total phenolic content of avocado oil is in the range of 111.27–130.17 mg GAE/100 g and the major phytosterol is β‐sitosterol (1.91–2.47 g kg−1). Avocado oil extracted using SCO2 exhibits two to four times greater levels of α‐ and γ‐tocopherols than solvent extraction and UAAE. The volatile components associated with nutty and grassy flavors are only detected in avocado oil extracted under low‐temperature extraction conditions such as SCO2 and UAAE. Based on the antioxidant capacity tests, avocado oil obtained by SCO2 exhibits the strongest antioxidant capacity compared with solvent extraction and UAAE.Practical Applications: Virgin avocado oil extracted using subcritical CO2 method exhibits superior levels of tocopherols content and antioxidant capacity than ultrasound‐assisted aqueous and conventional solvent methods. Subcritical CO2 is a promising oil extraction technique to obtain solvent‐free avocado oil with potential uses in functional foods and health care products.Virgin avocado oil is extracted using subcritical CO2 and ultrasound‐assisted aqueous techniques. The properties of the oil are compared with conventional solvent‐extracted oil. The percentage of antioxidant activity decreases in the order of SCO2‐extracted oil > solvent‐extracted oil > UAAE‐extracted oil.
Static magnetic field exposure in 1.5 and 3 Tesla MR scanners does not influence pain and touch perception in healthy volunteers
Authors: Kamm Katharina , Pomschar Andreas , Ruscheweyh Ruth , Straube Andreas , Reiser Maximilian F. , Hernádi Istvan , László Janos F. , Ertl‐Wagner Birgit 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundMagnetic field therapy is a popular approach to pain therapy, but scientific evidence on treatment effects or even effects on sensory and pain perception in healthy controls is scarce.MethodsIn the present randomized, placebo‐controlled study, we investigated the influence of static magnetic field exposure on sensory (touch) and pain (pinprick, pressure and heat) perception. Eighteen healthy volunteers (age: 23 ± 2 years, nine women) underwent three 10‐min static magnetic field exposures using field strengths of 0 T (placebo), 1.5 T and 3 T within clinical MR scanners in randomized order on three separate days. Participants were blinded to magnetic field strength. Experimental sensory and pain testing was performed immediately before and after each magnetic field exposure.ResultsThere was no significant effect of field strength on the assessed experimental sensory and pain testing parameters (mechanical detection threshold, pinprick threshold, pressure pain threshold, heat pain threshold and suprathreshold heat pain rating).ConclusionWe found no evidence that a 10‐min 1.5 T or 3 T static magnetic field exposure affects experimental sensory or pain perception in young healthy volunteers.SignificanceWe used clinical MR scanners to investigate the effect of magnetic fields on pain perception. Using a rigorous, straightforward, placebo‐controlled design, no effect of static magnetic fields on human experimental pain perception was detected. This provides a base for a more systematic investigation of magnetic field effects on pain.
Composing network service chains at the edge: A Resilient and adaptive software‐defined approach
Authors: Kathiravelu Pradeeban , Van Roy Peter , Veiga Luís 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe scale of data and the demand for high data rates in applications are rapidly increasing over the years. By moving the computing resources closer to the users, edge computing minimizes the latency caused by otherwise pulling the data between the user and a centralized platform. Thus, data centers and computing nodes at the edge continue to overtake or replace traditional centralized cloud platforms in various 5G applications and use cases. Network functions virtualization virtualizes dedicated hardware network middleboxes into virtual network functions (VNFs) and deploys them on top of servers and data centers. Due to the inherent bandwidth cost associated with the distance between the network services and the end user, more and more third‐party VNF providers choose to deploy their services at the edge, rather than in a centralized cloud. A typical network service chaining (NSC) consumes various network services, where one's output becomes the input of another. As network services are often latency sensitive, NSC needs to be carried out, maintaining proximity to the user as well as among the services composing the NSC. In this paper, we present the design of a resilient and adaptive framework, following an approach inspired by software‐defined networking, for the remote users to construct network service chains in the mobile and edge computing environments. Our evaluations highlight the efficiency and optimality of the framework in finding the best fit among several third‐party edge VNFs in deploying the user network service chains, abiding by various user policies.
Reasonable patient care under uncertainty
Authors: Manski Charles F. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis paper discusses how limited ability to predict illness and treatment response may affect the welfare achieved in patient care. The discussion covers both decentralized clinical decision making and care that adheres to clinical practice guidelines. I explain why predictive ability has been limited, calling attention to questionable methodological practices in the research that supports evidence‐based medicine. I summarize research on identification whose objective is to yield credible prediction of patient outcomes. Recognizing that uncertainty will continue to afflict medical decision making, I apply basic decision theory to suggest reasonable decision criteria with well‐understood welfare properties. Previous research on medical decision making has largely embraced Bayesian decision theory. I summarize research studying the minimax‐regret criterion, which seeks uniformly near‐optimal decisions.
The Lysosomal Protein Arylsulfatase B Is a Key Enzyme Involved in Skeletal Turnover
Authors: Pohl Sandra , Angermann Alexandra , Jeschke Anke , Hendrickx Gretl , Yorgan Timur A , Makrypidi-Fraune Georgia , Steigert Anita , Kuehn Sonja C , Rolvien Tim , Schweizer Michaela , Koehne Till , Neven Mona , Winter Olga , Velho Renata Voltolini , Albers Joachim , Streichert Thomas , Pestka Jan M , Baldauf Christina , Breyer Sandra , Stuecker Ralf , Muschol Nicole , Cox Timothy M , Saftig Paul , Paganini Chiara , Rossi Antonio , Amling Michael , Braulke Thomas , Schinke Thorsten 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT

Skeletal pathologies are frequently observed in lysosomal storage disorders, yet the relevance of specific lysosomal enzymes in bone remodeling cell types is poorly defined. Two lysosomal enzymes, ie, cathepsin K (Ctsk) and Acp5 (also known as tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase), have long been known as molecular marker proteins of differentiated osteoclasts. However, whereas the cysteine protease Ctsk is directly involved in the degradation of bone matrix proteins, the molecular function of Acp5 in osteoclasts is still unknown. Here we show that Acp5, in concert with Acp2 (lysosomal acid phosphatase), is required for dephosphorylation of the lysosomal mannose 6-phosphate targeting signal to promote the activity of specific lysosomal enzymes. Using an unbiased approach we identified the glycosaminoglycan-degrading enzyme arylsulfatase B (Arsb), mutated in mucopolysaccharidosis type VI (MPS-VI), as an osteoclast marker, whose activity depends on dephosphorylation by Acp2 and Acp5. Similar to Acp2/Acp5–/– mice, Arsb-deficient mice display lysosomal storage accumulation in osteoclasts, impaired osteoclast activity, and high trabecular bone mass. Of note, the most prominent lysosomal storage accumulation was observed in osteocytes from Arsb-deficient mice, yet this pathology did not impair production of sclerostin (Sost) and Fgf23. Because the influence of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) on bone remodeling in MPS-VI is still unknown, we additionally treated Arsb-deficient mice by weekly injection of recombinant human ARSB from 12 to 24 weeks of age. We found that the high bone mass phenotype of Arsb-deficient mice and the underlying bone cell deficits were fully corrected by ERT in the trabecular compartment. Taken together, our results do not only show that the function of Acp5 in osteoclasts is linked to dephosphorylation and activation of lysosomal enzymes, they also provide an important proof-of-principle for the feasibility of ERT to correct bone cell pathologies in lysosomal storage disorders. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research Published by Wiley Periodicals Inc.