bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What is the topset of a shelf‐margin prism?
Authors: Steel Ronald J. , Olariu Cornel , Zhang Jinyu , Chen Si 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe siliciclastic topset of a continental margin, or a shelf‐margin prism in subsiding nonplate‐margin deepwater basins, is the flat‐lying upper part of the margin succession; it is coeval basinwards with deepwater slope clinoforms. Topsets develop by the aggradation of repeated, cross‐shelf, shoreline regressions and transgressions, thereby hosting the shelf portion of stacked, fourth‐order stratigraphic sequences. Sediment spreading downdip and along strike during the cross‐shelf transit of the sediment delivery system, as well as process regime changes of deltas and shorefaces (regressive) and of estuaries, barrier–lagoon systems and shelf ridges (transgressive) are highly variable over short distances, so that correlation within a single stratigraphic sequence is far more difficult than correlation of the cross‐shelf maximum flooding surface boundaries. Thickness of individual regressive–transgressive, fourth‐order sequences is given by shelf accommodation, typically <10 m in embayment or on the inner shelf and up to 200 m on outer shelf. Tectonic subsidence and compaction will enhance this thickness only if rates are very high compared to shelf‐transit time. In very high subsidence rate settings, the transgressive tracts are well preserved and often thickly developed. Topset sequences in an Icehouse climate setting tend to have a high proportion and greater landward development of marine vs nonmarine deposits, compared to Greenhouse sequences, because of the importance of eustatic rise of sea level in the former. Previous numerical experiments show that even for very wide shelves and irrespective of Icehouse or Greenhouse conditions, deltas rarely take more than 10 s of ky to reach their shelf edge, suggesting that it is fourth‐order (or higher) sequences that are the fundamental ones in sequence stratigraphy.
Unified triaxiality at the crack tip subjected to plane strain condition under mixed‐mode (I + II) fracture
Authors: Kacker Ruchin , Bhadauria Shailendra Singh 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe new model of stress triaxiality, subjected to plane strain condition under mixed‐mode (I + II) loading, at the yield loci of the crack tip, has been formulated using unified strength theory. It evaluates critical values of triaxiality for various convex and non‐convex failure criteria, unlike the existing model. It shows the effects of Poisson's ratio and intermediate principal stress for materials whose strength in tension and compression is either equal or unequal. Further, on this basis, the crack initiation angles are predicted for various crack inclinations and compared with those obtained from other fracture criteria. The plastic zone shapes supplement the results. Critical yield stress factor, a significant parameter at the crack tip got lowered as the difference among the three principal stresses reduced to a minimum. The crack initiation angles obtained from the model showed good agreement with those obtained from G‐, S‐, and T‐criterion.
Folic acid, but not folate, regulates different stages of neurogenesis in the ventral hippocampus of adult female rats
Authors: Qiu Wansu , Gobinath Aarthi R. , Wen Yanhua , Austin Jehannine , Galea Liisa A. M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractFolate is an important regulator of hippocampal neurogenesis, and folic acid is needed prenatally to reduce the risk of neural tube defects. Both high levels of folic acid and low levels of folate can be harmful to health because low levels of folate have been linked to several diseases while high folic acid supplements can mask a vitamin B12 deficiency. Depressed patients exhibit folate deficiencies, lower levels of hippocampal neurogenesis, elevated levels of homocysteine and elevated levels of the stress hormone, cortisol, which may be inter‐related. In the present study, we were interested in whether different doses of natural folate or synthetic folic acid diets can influence neurogenesis in the hippocampus, levels of plasma homocysteine and serum corticosterone in adult female rats. Adult female Sprague‐Dawley rats underwent dietary interventions for 29 days. Animals were randomly assigned to six different dietary groups: folate deficient + succinylsulphathiazole (SST), low 5‐methyltetrahydrofolate (5‐MTHF), low 5‐MTHF + (SST), high 5‐MTHF + SST, low folic acid and high folic acid. SST was added to a subset of the 5‐MTHF diets to eliminate folic acid production in the gut. Before and after dietary treatment, blood samples were collected for corticosterone and homocysteine analysis, and brain tissue was collected for neurogenesis analysis. High folic acid and low 5‐MTHF without SST increased the number of immature neurones (doublecortin‐expressing cells) within the ventral hippocampus compared to folate deficient controls. Low 5‐MTHF without SST significantly increased the number of immature neurones compared to low and high 5‐MTHF + SST, indicating that SST interfered with elevations in neurogenesis. Low folic acid and high 5‐MTHF + SST reduced plasma homocysteine levels compared to controls, although there was no significant effect of diet on serum corticosterone levels. In addition, low folic acid and high 5‐MTHF + SST reduced the number of mature new neurones in the ventral hippocampus (bromodeoxyuridine/NeuN‐positive cells) compared to folate deficient controls. Overall, folic acid dose‐dependently influenced neurogenesis with low levels decreasing but high levels increasing neurogenesis in the ventral hippocampus, suggesting that this region, which is important for regulating stress, is particularly sensitive to folic acid in diets. Furthermore, the addition of SST negated the effects of 5‐MTHF to increase neurogenesis in the ventral hippocampus.
Dietary mulberry leaf powder affects growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality in finishing pigs
Authors: Liu Yingying , Li Yinghui , Peng Yinglin , He Jianhua , Xiao Dingfu , Chen Chen , Li Fengna , Huang Ruilin , Yin Yulong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis study was conducted to evaluate the effect of mulberry leaves as an alternative source of protein on growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality in finishing pigs. A total of 180 Xiangcun Black pigs were randomly assigned to five treatment groups with six pens of six pigs per pen. The pigs were provided with a basal diet or a diet contained 3%, 6%, 9% or 12% of mulberry leaf powder during a 50‐day experiment period. The results showed that dietary mulberry leaf powder had no negative effect on growth performance in Xiangcun Black pigs, except in the 12% mulberry group, where final body weight and average daily gain decreased (p < .05) and feed to gain ratio of the pigs increased (p < .05). Dietary mulberry inclusion decreased (quadratic, p < .05) the back fat thickness, fibre mean cross‐sectional area (CSA) in the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle and mRNA expression levels of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) IIb in LD and biceps femoris (BF) muscles, while increased (linear or quadratic, p < .05) the plasma concentration of albumin, levels of crude protein (CP), inosine monophosphate (IMP) and several amino acids in muscle tissues. When compared with the other groups, the 9% mulberry diet increased (p < .05) loin‐eye area and contents of CP and IMP in muscles, while decreased (p < .05) plasma activity of cholinesterase and concentrations of uric acid and urea. The 6% mulberry diet had the lowest fibre mean CSA and shear force and increased total fibre number of the LD muscle, when compared with the other groups. These results suggest that including mulberry in the diet at <12% is an effective feed crop to improve meat quality and the chemical composition of muscle without negatively affecting growth performance.
From Professional Development to Implementation: A District's Experience Implementing Mathematics Tiered Systems of Support
Authors: Mason Erica N. , Benz Sarah A. , Lembke Erica S. , Burns Matthew K. , Powell Sarah R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis article is about a school‐district‐initiated partnership with university faculty and their effort to implement a mathematics multi‐tiered system of support (MTSS). In addition to reporting research about MTSS implementation, we describe how this district translated research into practice. We also share the perceptions of key stakeholders about implementing mathematics MTSS in their district. We found that stakeholders identified time and human capacity as barriers to implementation, while the primary facilitator to implementation was identified as the acquisition of concrete strategies and tools supporting instruction. These stakeholder perceptions have implications for other districts with limited resources attempting to implement mathematics MTSS in their buildings through professional development and coaching.
Thyroid replacement therapy, thyroid stimulating hormone concentrations, and long term health outcomes in patients with hypothyroidism: longitudinal study
Authors: Thayakaran Rasiah , Adderley Nicola J , Sainsbury Christopher , Torlinska Barbara , Boelaert Kristien , Šumilo Dana , Price Malcolm , Thomas G Neil , Toulis Konstantinos A , Nirantharakumar Krishnarajah 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo explore whether thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration in patients with a diagnosis of hypothyroidism is associated with increased all cause mortality and a higher risk of cardiovascular disease and fractures.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingThe Health Improvement Network (THIN), a database of electronic patient records from UK primary care.ParticipantsAdult patients with incident hypothyroidism from 1 January 1995 to 31 December 2017.ExposureTSH concentration in patients with hypothyroidism.Main outcome measuresIschaemic heart disease, heart failure, stroke/transient ischaemic attack, atrial fibrillation, any fractures, fragility fractures, and mortality. Longitudinal TSH measurements from diagnosis to outcomes, study end, or loss to follow-up were collected. An extended Cox proportional hazards model with TSH considered as a time varying covariate was fitted for each outcome.Results162 369 patients with hypothyroidism and 863 072 TSH measurements were included in the analysis. Compared with the reference TSH category (2-2.5 mIU/L), risk of ischaemic heart disease and heart failure increased at high TSH concentrations (>10 mIU/L) (hazard ratio 1.18 (95% confidence interval 1.02 to 1.38; P=0.03) and 1.42 (1.21 to 1.67; P<0.001), respectively). A protective effect for heart failure was seen at low TSH concentrations (hazard ratio 0.79 (0.64 to 0.99; P=0.04) for TSH <0.1 mIU/L and 0.76 (0.62 to 0.92; P=0.006) for 0.1-0.4 mIU/L). Increased mortality was observed in both the lowest and highest TSH categories (hazard ratio 1.18 (1.08 to 1.28; P<0.001), 1.29 (1.22 to 1.36; P<0.001), and 2.21 (2.07 to 2.36; P<0.001) for TSH <0.1 mIU/L, 4-10 mIU/L, and >10 mIU/L. An increase in the risk of fragility fractures was observed in patients in the highest TSH category (>10 mIU/L) (hazard ratio 1.15 (1.01 to 1.31; P=0.03)).ConclusionsIn patients with a diagnosis of hypothyroidism, no evidence was found to suggest a clinically meaningful difference in the pattern of long term health outcomes (all cause mortality, atrial fibrillation, ischaemic heart disease, heart failure, stroke/transient ischaemic attack, fractures) when TSH concentrations were within recommended normal limits. Evidence was found for adverse health outcomes when TSH concentration is outside this range, particularly above the upper reference value.
Sitagliptin for the prevention of stress hyperglycemia in patients without diabetes undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery
Authors: Cardona Saumeth , Tsegka Katerina , Pasquel Francisco J , Fayfman Maya , Peng Limin , Jacobs Sol , Vellanki Priyathama , Halkos Michael , Guyton Robert A , Thourani Vinod H , Galindo Rodolfo J , Umpierrez Guillermo 
Published: September 2019

AimsTo determine if treatment with sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, can prevent stress hyperglycemia in patients without diabetes undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.MethodsWe conducted a pilot, double-blinded, placebo-controlled randomized trial in adults (18–80 years) without history of diabetes. Participants received sitagliptin or placebo once daily, starting the day prior to surgery and continued for up to 10 days. Primary outcome was differences in the frequency of stress hyperglycemia (blood glucose (BG) >180 mg/dL) after surgery among groups.ResultsWe randomized 32 participants to receive sitagliptin and 28 to placebo (mean age 64±10 years and HbA1c: 5.6%±0.5%). Treatment with sitagliptin resulted in lower BG levels prior to surgery (101±mg/dL vs 107±13 mg/dL, p=0.01); however, there were no differences in the mean BG concentration, proportion of patients who developed stress hyperglycemia (21% vs 22%, p>0.99), length of hospital stay, rate of perioperative complications and need for insulin therapy in the intensive care unit or during the hospital stay.ConclusionThe use of sitagliptin during the perioperative period did not prevent the development of stress hyperglycemia or need for insulin therapy in patients without diabetes undergoing CABG surgery.
In-depth examination of issues surrounding the reasons for child marriage in Kelantan, Malaysia: a qualitative study
Authors: Kohno Ayako , Dahlui Maznah , Nik Farid Nik Daliana , Ali Siti Hawa , Nakayama Takeo 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveTo examine individual, familial, community and societal issues surrounding the reasons for child marriage in Kelantan, Malaysia.DesignQualitative study by means of semistructured interviews with women and key informants, using social-ecological model as a conceptual framework.SettingInterviews were conducted in Kota Bharu district, Kelantan, a northeast state in Peninsular Malaysia.ParticipantsEighteen women of reproductive age (18 to 44 years old) that experienced their first marriage below the age of 18, as well as five key informants, consisting of a government officer, a community leader, an officer from religious department and two mothers. The women were recruited from a reproductive health clinic. The key informants who had specialised knowledge related to child marriage were selectively chosen.ResultsThree themes emerged that aligned with the social-ecological model: immaturity in decision-making, family poverty and religious and cultural norms.ConclusionsThe findings imply that sex education and awareness-building activities regarding the consequences of child marriage must be implemented to eradicate child marriage in Malaysia. Such implementation must be coordinated as a team-based approach involving experts in such fields as law, religion, psychology, social-welfare and public health. In order to increase the awareness of child marriage consequences, the target for awareness must extend not only to the adolescent girls and their families, but also to the community and society at large by clearly communicating the negative consequences of and addressing the drivers for child marriage.
Healthy Lifestyle Program (HeLP) for low back pain: protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Robson Emma K , Kamper Steven J , Davidson Simon , Viana da Silva Priscilla , Williams Amanda , Hodder Rebecca K , Lee Hopin , Hall Alix , Gleadhill Connor , Williams Christopher M 
Published: September 2019

IntroductionLow back pain is one of the most common and burdensome chronic conditions worldwide. Lifestyle factors, such as excess weight, physical inactivity, poor diet and smoking, are linked to low back pain chronicity and disability. There are few high-quality randomised controlled trials that investigate the effects of targeting lifestyle risk factors in people with chronic low back pain.Methods and analysisThe aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of a Healthy Lifestyle Program (HeLP) for low back pain targeting weight, physical activity, diet and smoking to reduce disability in patients with chronic low back pain compared with usual care. This is a randomised controlled trial, with participants stratified by body mass index, allocated 1:1 to the HeLP intervention or usual physiotherapy care. HeLP involves three main components: (1) clinical consultations with a physiotherapist and dietitian; (2) educational resources; and (3) telephone-based health coaching support for lifestyle risk factors. The primary outcome is disability (Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire) at 26 weeks. Secondary outcomes include pain intensity, weight, quality of life and smoking status. Data will be collected at baseline, and at weeks 6, 12, 26 and 52. Patients with chronic low back pain who have at least one health risk factor (are overweight or obese, are smokers and have inadequate physical activity or fruit and vegetable consumption) will be recruited from primary or secondary care, or the community. Primary outcome data will be analysed by intention to treat using linear mixed-effects regression models. We will conduct three supplementary analyses: causal mediation analysis, complier average causal effects analysis and economic analysis.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the Hunter New England Research Ethics Committee (Approval No 17/02/15/4.05), and the University of Newcastle Human Research Ethics Committee (Ref No H-2017-0222). Outcomes of this trial and supplementary analyses will be disseminated through publications in peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations.Trial registration numberACTRN12617001288314.
The prevalence and influencing factors of physical activity and sedentary behaviour in the rural population in China: the Henan Rural Cohort Study
Authors: Tu Runqi , Li Yuqian , Shen Lijun , Yuan HuiJuan , Mao Zhenxing , Liu Xiaotian , Zhang Haiqing , Zhang Liying , Li Ruiying , Wang Yikang , Wang Yuming , Wang Chongjian 
Published: September 2019

ObjectivesTo estimate the prevalence and influencing factors of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) in rural areas of China.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingA multistage, stratified cluster sampling method was used to obtain samples in the general population of Henan province in China.Participants38 515 participants aged 18–79 years were enrolled from the Henan Rural Cohort Study for the cross-sectional study.Main outcome measuresThe International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to assess the levels of PA and SB. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to calculate ORs and 95% CIs of potential influencing factors with physical inactivity.ResultsThe age-standardised prevalence of light PA and sitting >7.5 hours per day were 32.74% and 26.88% in the general Chinese rural adults, respectively. Gender differences were: 34.91%, 29.76% for men and 31.75%, 25.16% for women, respectively. The prevalence of participants with both light PA and sitting >7.5 hours per day was 13.95%. Education at least junior middle school, divorced/widowed/unmarried, RMB1000> per capita monthly income ≥RMB500, sitting >7.5 hours per day were negatively associated with light PA. For sitting >7.5 hours per day, the negative factors were being men, divorced/widowed/unmarried, heavy smoking, Fishery products, vegetable and fruits intake .ConclusionPhysical inactivity and SB were high in rural China. There is an increased need to promote a healthy lifestyle to the rural population.Clinical trial registrationThe Henan Rural Cohort Study has been registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Register.Registration number: ChiCTR-OOC-15006699.http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=11375
Developing a training programme in physical activity counselling for undergraduate medical curricula: a nationwide Delphi study
Authors: Wattanapisit Apichai , Petchuay Prachyapan , Wattanapisit Sanhapan , Tuangratananon Titiporn 
Published: September 2019

ObjectivesTo identify the essential content and approaches for developing a training programme in physical activity (PA) counselling for undergraduate medical curricula.DesignA three-round Delphi survey was conducted to investigate four key topics: (1) contents of PA counselling in medical education; (2) teaching and learning methods; (3) medical school collaboration and (4) educational policy implementation. Round 1 collected opinions from the participants. Round 2 focused on scoring the opinions. Round 3 summarised the expert opinions. A mean score of 4 or above identified as an important item.SettingAll 23 medical schools in Thailand.ParticipantsAcademic staff who were experts or in charge of medical schools in the fields of PA, health promotion or medical education.ResultsA total of 20 representatives from 18 of the 23 Thai medical schools participated in the study (for a response rate of 78.2%). The top three most important indicators of knowledge were (1) the definition and types of PA (4.75±0.55), (2) the FITT principle (frequency, intensity, time and type) (4.75±0.55) and (3) the benefits of PA (4.65±0.67). The most important component of the training involved general communication skills (4.55±0.60). An extracurricular module (4.05±0.76) was preferable to an intracurricular module (3.95±0.94). Collaborations with medical education centres and teaching hospitals (4.45±0.78) and supporting policies to increase medical students’ PA (4.40±0.73) were considered to be important.ConclusionKnowledge and counselling skills are important for PA counselling. Building collaborations between medical education and health institutions, as well as implementing effective educational policies, are key approaches to the integration of PA counselling into medical education. Future research should focus on investigating the effects of training in PA counselling on the learning outcomes of medical students and the clinical outcomes of patients.
Economic burden of paediatric-onset disabilities among young and middle-aged adults in the USA: a cohort study of privately insured beneficiaries
Authors: Whitney Daniel , Kamdar Neil , Hirth Richard A , Hurvitz Edward A , Peterson Mark D 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveIndividuals with paediatric-onset disabilities (PoDs) have complex healthcare needs and are susceptible to adverse health outcomes, which may impose a higher strain on healthcare resources. The burden of healthcare resource utilisation and costs attributed to the population of adults with PoDs is not clearly established. The objective here was to compare healthcare resource utilisation and costs between adults with versus without PoDs.DesignCohort.SettingData were from the 2016 Optum Clinformatics Data Mart, a de-identified nationwide claims database of beneficiaries from a single private payer in the USA.ParticipantsInternational Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis codes were used to identify beneficiaries with PoDs that were between 18 and 64 years of age.Primary and secondary outcome measuresAnnual all-cause healthcare resource utilisation and total healthcare costs were compared between adults with and without PoDs before and after adjusting for sociodemographics and several costly non-communicable diseases.ResultsAdults with PoDs (n=121 446) had greater annual mean counts of service utilisation for all service types (eg, inpatient, outpatient, emergency visits) compared with adults without PoDs (n=5 415 475) before and after adjustments (all p<0.001). Adults with PoDs had greater unadjusted total standardised reimbursement costs (US$26 702 vs US$8464; mean difference=US$18 238; cost ratio (CR)=3.16; 95% CI=3.13 to 3.18) and total patient out-of-pocket costs (US$2226 vs US$1157; mean difference=US$1069; CR=1.88; 95%CI=1.86 to 1.89). After adjustments, total standardised reimbursement costs were 2.32 times higher (95% CI=2.30 to 2.34) and total patient out-of-pocket costs were 1.65 times higher (95% CI=1.64 to 1.66) compared with adults without PoDs.ConclusionAdults with PoDs had greater healthcare utilisation and costs, even after accounting for costly diseases. Future research is needed to identify the cost drivers for adults with PoDs.