bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intensive Home Treatment for adolescents in psychiatric crisis
Authors: Muskens Jet , Herpers Pierre C.M. , Hilderink Caroline , Deurzen Patricia A.M. van , Buitelaar Jan K. , Staal Wouter G. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background Adolescents with acute psychiatric disorders are typically treated with long-term clinical admission. However, long term admission may be associated with a variety of negative outcomes. This pilot study presents a new model of care, that is, the combined application of intensive home treatment and the possibility of short term stay at a psychiatric high & intensive care.
Methods In total 112 referred adolescents with mixed diagnoses (M = 14.8 years, range 11-18; 52% female) participated in this longitudinal observational cohort design. Clinical outcome was measured by the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for Children and Adolescents (HoNOSCA) which measures the severity of multiple mental health problems. The HoNOSCA was clinician-rated at intake, after two months and after four months at discharge. Change in HoNOSCA total score was analysed with paired t-tests. Outcome moderators were gender, age, primary diagnosis, clinical admission, home treatment-time, medication and additional therapies. Follow up data were completed for 62 patients after two months and for 53 after four months.
Results Mean HoNOSCA total score at intake was 18.8 (SD = 5.2), after two months 13.0 (SD = 5.0); after four months resulting in a score of 9.3 (SD = 5.2). None of the moderators tested showed a significant effect on HoNOSCA scores. However, a control group could not be used because of the severe psychopathology with high risk for suicidality and the lack of an effective treatment intervention for a comparable study group.
Conclusion With a symptom decrease of over 50% within four months as measured by the HoNOSCA, including less risk for hospitalization, this new model appears promising and of clinical relevance. Nevertheless, further research regarding stability of treatment outcome is warranted.
The Validity and Reliability of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 in Screening for Poststroke Depression
Authors: Dajpratham Piyapat , Pukrittayakamee Panate , Atsariyasing Wanlop , Wannarit Kamonporn , Boonhong Jariya , Pongpirul Krit 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background: Poststroke depression affects about 30% of stroke survivors within five years. Timely diagnosis and management facilitate motor recovery and improve independence. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) is one of the good screening tools for poststroke depression. High validity and reliability of the PHQ-9 is clinically essential.

Methods: The objectives of the study were to determine the criterion validity and reliability of the PHQ-9 (Thai version) in screening for poststroke depression by comparing with a psychiatric interview as the gold standard. First-ever stroke patients aged ≥ 45 years with a stroke duration 2 weeks–2 years were administered the PHQ-9. The gold standard was a psychiatric interview for major depression. Diagnosis of major depression according to PHQ-9 can be categorical algorithm based and summed score based. The validity of these 2 ways of diagnosis and reliability analyses, and a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, were performed.

Results: Enrolled were 115 stroke patients (mean age, 64 + 10 years). The mean PHQ-9 score was 5.2 + 4.8. Using DSM-5 criteria, 23 patients (20%) were diagnosed with depressive disorder. The PHQ-9 had satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha, 0.78). The categorical algorithm of the PHQ-9 had low sensitivity (0.52) but very high specificity (0.94) and positive likelihood ratio (9.6). Used as a continuous measure, an optimal cut-off score of ≥ six revealed a sensitivity of 0.87, specificity of 0.75, positive predictive value of 0.46, negative predictive value of 0.95, and positive likelihood ratio of 3.5. The area under the curve was 0.87 (95% CI, 0.78–0.96).

Conclusions: The PHQ-9 has acceptable psychometric properties for screening for poststroke depression, with a recommended cut-off score of ≥ six.
Objective Optical Quality in Eyes with Customized Selection of Aspheric Intraocular Lens Implantation
Authors: Tan Qing-Qing , Lin Jia , Tian Jing , Liao Xuan , Lan Chang-Jun 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Backgroud

To compare the postoperative optical quality in eyes with customized selection and random selection of aspheric intraocular lens (IOL) implantation.

Methods

A prospective, nonrandomized study was implemented in adult cataract patients who underwent unilateral phacoemulsification with aspheric IOL implantation. Patients were allocated into two treatment groups: a customized group and a control group. In the customized group, the aspheric IOL selection was based on the corneal spherical aberration to enable the postoperative target ocular spherical aberration closest to zero; in the control group, the aspheric IOLs were chosen using a random strategy. Primary outcome measurements included the following objective optical quality assessments: higher-order aberrations obtained by a Hartmann-shack aberrometer at 4mm and 6mm pupil diameters; objective scatter index (OSI), modulation transfer function (MTF) cut-off, Strehl ratio (SR) and a simulated contrast visual acuity—optical quality analysis system value (OV) obtained by a double-pass system with a 4-mm aperture. Subjective visual acuity was measured as secondary outcome. All the patients were followed up for 3 months.

Results

Eighty-four patients in the customized group and 78 patients in the control group were evaluated. There was no significant difference in postoperative visual acuity between the two groups (P>0.05). Significantly less ocular higher-order aberrations were shown in the customized group (P<0.05). No significant difference was shown in OSI, MTF cut-off, SR and OV between the two groups (P>0.05).

Conclusions

Although customized selection of aspheric IOL implantation showed less postoperative ocular aberrations, it performed similarly to random selection of aspheric IOL implantation in terms of postoperative visual acuity, simulated contrast visual acuity, intraocular scatter, modulation transfer function and Strehl ratio.
Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Freshwater Trout Farms in a Watershed in Chile
Authors: Bueno Irene , Travis Dominic , Gonzalez‐Rocha Gerardo , Alvarez Julio , Lima Celia , Benitez Cristián Garcia , Phelps Nicholas B.D. , Wass Britta , Johnson Timothy J. , Zhang Qian , Ishii Satoshi , Singer Randall S. 
Published: July 2019

Point sources such as wastewater treatment plants, terrestrial agriculture, and aquaculture may release antibiotic residues, antibiotic resistant bacteria, and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) into aquatic ecosystems. However, there is a lack of quantitative studies attributing environmental ARG abundance to specific sources. The goal of this study was to evaluate the role of freshwater trout farms in the release and dissemination of ARGs into the environment. Sediment samples upstream and downstream from five rainbow trout farms were collected over time in southern Chile. A microfluidic quantitative polymerase chain reaction approach was used to quantify an ARG array covering different mechanisms of resistance, and data were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) and linear mixed regression models. Surveys were also conducted to obtain information about management practices, including antibiotic use, at the farms. Florfenicol and oxytetracycline were used at these farms, although at different rates. A total of 93 samples were analyzed. In the PCA, strB, sul1, sul2, qacG, tet(A), tet(B), tet(C), tet(W), and floR grouped together. A statistically significant increase in abundance of qacG, strB, sul1, and several tet genes was found downstream from the farms compared with upstream sites, and retention ponds had the highest ARG abundance at each site. Antibiotic resistance gene levels returned to baseline at an average distance of 132.7 m downstream from the farms. Although results from this study indicate an influence of trout farms on the presence of ARGs in the immediate environment, the extent of their contribution to ARG dissemination is unknown and deserves further investigation.Core Ideas
Point sources contribute to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the environment.
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) were quantified in river sediment samples.
Freshwater trout farms in southern Chile increased ARG abundance in the watershed.
The extent of the contribution of the trout farms on ARG dissemination is uncertain.
Epidemiological methods are needed to attribute environmental AMR to specific point sources.
Modeling Internal Erosion Processes in Soil Pipes: Capturing Geometry Dynamics
Authors: Nieber J.L. , Wilson G.V. , Fox G.A. 
Published: July 2019

Core IdeasSoil pipes are important features contributing to nonuniform flow in the vadose zone.Soil pipe flow and internal erosion is modeled with coupled flow and transport equations.Modeling results compare favorably to experimental measurements.The flow of water in a soil pipe and the resulting erosion of the soil pipe wall is simulated using a numerical solution of the Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes equations coupled with the well‐known linear excess shear stress equation and the governing equation for transport of suspended sediment in turbulent flow. The modeling results are compared with an experiment in which the entrance to the soil pipe constructed in a laboratory flume was subjected to a constant head of water in a reservoir. The modeled pipe discharge was in good agreement with the measured results when roughness was imposed on the pipe wall. The temporal growth of the soil pipe was in good agreement with the experimental results when using a soil erodibility coefficient of 0.0025 s/m. Several assumptions were made in model formulation, the most significant being that the soil pipe grows uniformly along its length and that no sediment deposition occurs. Recommendations for future work regarding these assumptions as well as others are discussed.
Evaluating the Influence of Specimen Preparation on Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Technology
Authors: Teng Jidong , Kou Jingyuan , Zhang Sheng , Sheng Daichao 
Published: July 2019

Core Ideas
Specimen preparation methods have a significant influence on hydraulic conductivity.
The difference caused by different methods can be large as one order of magnitude.
Soil pore structure should be considered in predicting hydraulic conductivity.
A pore‐information‐based model is presented to predict hydraulic conductivity.
The new model is more accurate than traditional particle information based models.
A series of laboratory tests were performed to investigate the influences of specimen preparation on pore size distribution of soil and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks). Nuclear magnetic resonance technology was used to measure the pore size distribution of the saturated samples of silty soil, which were prepared by three different kinds of methods: Proctor compaction, static compaction, and the consolidation method. The Ks of the samples was measured by the falling head permeability test. The results show that the difference in Ks caused by different specimen preparations can be large as one order of magnitude, as the measured Ks varied from 3.09 × 10−3 to 3.36 × 10−4 cm s−1. The consolidated specimen tended to have the greatest Ks value, followed by those prepared by Proctor compaction and static compaction. The observed difference highlights the importance of pore structure in determining Ks. This study also presents a pore‐information‐based theoretical approach for predicting Ks. A comparison of measured data shows that the proposed model performs better than the traditional void‐ratio‐based models.
Discharge Interval method for uncertain flood forecasts using a flood model chain: city of Kulmbach
Authors: Beg Md Nazmul Azim , Leandro Jorge , Bhola Punit , Konnerth Iris , Willems Winfried , Carvalho Rita F. , Disse Markus 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Real-time flood forecasting can help authorities in providing reliable warnings to the public. Ensemble prediction systems (EPS) have been progressively used for operational flood forecasting by European hydrometeorological agencies in recent years. This process, however, is non-deterministic such that uncertainty sources need to be considered before issuing forecasts. In this study, a new methodology for flood forecasting named Discharge Interval method is proposed. This method uses at least one historical event hindcast data, run in several ensembles and selects a pair of best ensemble discharge results for every certain discharge level. Later, the method uses the same parameter settings of the chosen ensemble discharge pair to forecast any certain flood discharge level. The methodology was implemented within the FloodEvac tool. The tool can handle calibration/validation of the hydrological model (LARSIM) and produces real-time flood forecasts with the associated uncertainty of the flood discharges. The proposed methodology is computationally efficient and suitable for real-time forecasts with uncertainty. The results using the Discharge Interval method were found comparable to the 90th percentile forecasted discharge range obtained with the Ensemble method.
Therapeutic Potentials of A2B Adenosine Receptor Ligands: Current Status and Perspectives
Authors: Chandrasekaran Balakumar , Samarneh Sara , Jaber Abdul Muttaleb Yousef , Kassab Ghadir , Agrawal Nikhil 
Published: July 2019

Background:Adenosine receptors (ARs) are classified as A1, A2A, A2B, and A3 subtypes belong to the superfamily of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). More than 40% of modern medicines act through either activation or inhibition of signaling processes associated with GPCRs. In particular, A2B AR signaling pathways are implicated in asthma, inflammation, cancer, ischemic hyperfusion, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, and kidney disease.Methods:This article reviews different disease segments wherein A2B AR is implicated and discusses the potential role of subtype-selective A2B AR ligands in the management of such diseases or disorders. All the relevant publications on this topic are reviewed and presented scientifically.Results:This review provides an up-to-date highlight of the recent advances in the development of novel and selective A2B AR ligands and their therapeutic role in treating various disease conditions. A special focus has been given to the therapeutic potentials of selective A2B AR ligands in the management of airway inflammatory conditions and cancer.Conclusions:This systematic review demonstrates the current status and perspectives of A2B AR ligands as therapeutically useful agents that would assist medicinal chemists and pharmacologists in discovering novel and subtype-selective A2B AR ligands as potential drug candidates.
Anxiety and Salivary Level of Alpha-Amylase in Patients with Geographic Tongue: A Case Control Study
Authors: Tavangar Atefeh , Saberi Zahra , Rahimi Maryam , Pakravan Fahimeh 
Published: July 2019

Background:Geographic tongue is a common benign condition involving the tongue with an unknown etiology.Objective:This study aimed to measure the salivary level of alpha-amylase as well as the level of anxiety of patients with geographic tongue.Methods:This case-control study was performed on 180 subjects including 89 patients with geographic tongue and 91 controls. The subjects were requested to fill out the Spielberger’s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S, STAI-T). Unstimulated saliva samples were collected by the spitting method to assess the salivary level of alpha-amylase. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23, t-test and Pearson’s test (α=0.05).Results:The mean salivary level of alpha-amylase and the mean scores of state and trait anxiety in geographic tongue patients were higher than those of healthy controls. But these differences did not reach statistical significance (P>0.05).Conclusion:Anxiety may be an influential factor in the occurrence of geographic tongue. Salivary level of alpha-amylase cannot serve as a specific biomarker for assessment of geographic tongue.
Exoskeletons With Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, and Gamification for Stroke Patients’ Rehabilitation: Systematic Review
Authors: Mubin Omar , Alnajjar Fady , Jishtu Nalini , Alsinglawi Belal , Al Mahmud Abdullah 
Published: July 2019

Background
Robot-assisted therapy has become a promising technology in the field of rehabilitation for poststroke patients with motor disorders. Motivation during the rehabilitation process is a top priority for most stroke survivors. With current advancements in technology there has been the introduction of virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), customizable games, or a combination thereof, that aid robotic therapy in retaining, or increasing the interests of, patients so they keep performing their exercises. However, there are gaps in the evidence regarding the transition from clinical rehabilitation to home-based therapy which calls for an updated synthesis of the literature that showcases this trend. The present review proposes a categorization of these studies according to technologies used, and details research in both upper limb and lower limb applications.

Objective
The goal of this work was to review the practices and technologies implemented in the rehabilitation of poststroke patients. It aims to assess the effectiveness of exoskeleton robotics in conjunction with any of the three technologies (VR, AR, or gamification) in improving activity and participation in poststroke survivors.

Methods
A systematic search of the literature on exoskeleton robotics applied with any of the three technologies of interest (VR, AR, or gamification) was performed in the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Science Direct & The Cochrane Library. Exoskeleton-based studies that did not include any VR, AR or gamification elements were excluded, but publications from the years 2010 to 2017 were included. Results in the form of improvements in the patients’ condition were also recorded and taken into consideration in determining the effectiveness of any of the therapies on the patients.

Results
Thirty studies were identified based on the inclusion criteria, and this included randomized controlled trials as well as exploratory research pieces. There were a total of about 385 participants across the various studies. The use of technologies such as VR-, AR-, or gamification-based exoskeletons could fill the transition from the clinic to a home-based setting. Our analysis showed that there were general improvements in the motor function of patients using the novel interfacing techniques with exoskeletons. This categorization of studies helps with understanding the scope of rehabilitation therapies that can be successfully arranged for home-based rehabilitation.

Conclusions
Future studies are necessary to explore various types of customizable games required to retain or increase the motivation of patients going through the individual therapies.
ENTRE “CANTOS” E “BATUQUES”: territórios e territorialidades negro-africanas na cidade de salvador no século XIX
Authors: Melo Emerson Costa de 
Published: July 2019

Propõe-se neste artigo trazer à tona os traços de movimentos de territorialização peculiares, realizados pelos escravos de ganho e crioulos na constituição dos cantos de trabalho e dos batuques de “lazer” espalhados pela cidade de Salvador no século XIX. Acredita-se que tais sujeitos, em outros tempos, tenham alimentado uma complexa rede de articulação multicultural que contribuiu para a formação de territórios de resistência e, consequentemente, para a organização de levantes e insurreições contra o modelo económico vigente, o que em âmbito geográfico torna o debate relevante visto a escassez de fontes acerca das diferentes geograficidades da gente negra no Brasil pré-abolição. Para tanto, delineou-se o debate aqui encaminhado, a partir de estudos bibliográficos inerentes a temática apresentada.

BETWEEN “CANTOS” AND “BATUQUES”: territories and territorialities black african in the city of salvador in the XIX century
ABSTRACT
The proposed article aims to highlight the traces of peculiar territorialization movements performed by the money-earling slave and Creoles in the constitution of the cantos de trabalho and the batuques de lazer scattered throughout the city of Salvador in the nineteenth century. It is believed that these subjects, in other times, have fed a complex network of multicultural articulation that contributed to the formation of territories of resistance and, consequently, to the organization of uprisings and insurrections against the current economic model, which in geographic scope makes the debate relevant considering the scarcity of sources about the different geographies of black people in Brazil pre-abolition. For that, the discussion here was delineated, based on bibliographical studies inherent to the theme presented.
Keywords: Territorialization movements. Money-earning slave. Cantos de trabalho. Batuques. Black territorialities.

ENTRE “CANTOS” Y “BATUQUES”: territorios y territorialidades negro africanos en la ciudad de salvador en el siglo xix
RESUMEN
En este artículo se propone resaltar las huellas de movimientos de territorialización peculiares, realizado por los esclavos de gano y los criollos en la constitución de los “cantos” de trabajo y los batuques de “esparcimiento” repartidos por toda la ciudad de Salvador en el siglo XIX. Se cree que estos temas, en otros tiempos, han alimentado una compleja red de articulación multicultural que contribuyó a la formación de territorios de resistencia y, en consecuencia, a la organización de levantamientos e insurrecciones contra el modelo económico en vigor, que en el ámbito geográfico hace que el debate sea relevante teniendo en cuenta la escasez de fuentes sobre las diferentes geografías de los negros en Brasil antes de la abolición. Para eso, la discusión aquí fue delineada, basada en estudios bibliográficos inherentes al tema presentado.
Palabras-clave: Movimientos de territorialización. Esclavo de ganho. “Cantos” de trabajo. Batuques. Territorialidades negras.