bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disparities in Cancer Incidence among Chinese Population versus Migrants to Developed Regions: A Population-Based Comparative Study
Authors: Liu Zhenqiu , Shi Oumin , Cai Ning , Jiang Yanfeng , Zhang Kexun , Zhu Zhen , Yuan Huangbo , Fang Qiwen , Suo Chen , Franceschi Silvia , Zhang Tiejun , Chen Xingdong 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background:
The incidence of cancer was determined by genetic and environmental factors and varied across the world. The discrepancies in cancer profile among Chinese people living in different regions remained obscure.

Methods:
Chinese people living in urban Shanghai, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Macau, Singapore, and Los Angeles were included in this study. The cancer case data and population data were collected from either the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Plus database or the regional cancer registry. A rate model was applied to examine the regional differences in cancer risk with Shanghai set as the reference.

Results:
From 1983 to 2013, the cancer profiles in most regions were changed. Significant differences in cancer incidence, by sex, period, and age, were detected across regions. The most pronounced disparities were found between Shanghai people and American Chinese in Los Angeles. For cancer site, the most significant differences were detected in prostate, gastrointestinal, gynecologic, oral cavity and pharynx, and brain and central nervous system (CNS) cancers. Specifically, Shanghai was significantly higher in stomach, liver, esophageal, pancreatic, and brain and CNS cancers, while lower in colon, prostate, breast, cervical, and oral cavity and pharynx cancers compared with the other five populations.

Conclusions:
Cancer profile was distinct across Chinese populations, which shared a similar genetic background but lived in different regions. The disparities indicate that cancer development was majorly determined by environmental factors, and suggests that region-tailored cancer prevention strategies were warranted.

Impact:
The cancer patterns in populations sharing the same genetic background were significantly influenced by different living conditions.
Hearing Outcomes Following Type 3 Tympanoplasty With Stapes Columella Grafting in Canal Wall Down Mastoidectomy
Authors: Wood C. Burton , O’Connell Brendan P. , Lowery Anne C. , Bennett Marc L. , Wanna George B. 
Published: April 2019

Objectives: To analyze hearing outcomes following Type 3 tympanoplasty with stapes columella grafting after canal wall down mastoidectomy and determine disease recurrence rates in patients undergoing this procedure. Methods: This retrospective cohort analysis examines patients undergoing Type 3 tympanoplasty with stapes columella grafting following canal wall down mastoidectomy for cholesteatoma at a tertiary care center from 2005 to 2015. Patient charts were reviewed for demographic data, diagnosis, and operative details. Patients were included in statistical analysis if they were found to have undergone the aforementioned procedure. Evaluation of hearing improvement was made by comparing preoperative air-bone gap (ABG) and ABG at follow-up at 6 months and 1 year postoperatively. Results: Nineteen patients met criteria for this study. Erosion of the otic capsule, posterior fossa plate, or tegmen was noted in 37% of cases, highlighting disease severity. Eighteen (95%) had undergone prior otologic surgery. Mean time to short-term follow-up was 6 ± 3 months. The average short-term ABG was 26 ± 11 dB HL; 26% achieved an ABG <20 dB, and 58% achieved an ABG <30 dB. Fifteen had follow-up at least 1 year postoperatively (mean = 33 ± 16 months). At longer-term follow-up, mean ABG was 25 ± 10 dB HL; 33% achieved an ABG <20 dB, while 66% achieved an ABG <30 dB. Hearing remained stable over time ( P = .52). At date of last clinical follow-up, only 1 (5%) patient had undergone revision for recurrent disease. Conclusion: In some patients undergoing canal wall down mastoidectomy for advanced or recurrent cholesteatoma, Type 3 tympanoplasty with stapes columella grafting yields marginal hearing benefit. This type of reconstruction is a viable option in this challenging patient cohort, particularly as it is associated with low rates of revision surgery.
Ulnar Collateral Ligament Repair With Collagen-Dipped FiberTape Augmentation in Overhead-Throwing Athletes
Authors: Dugas Jeffrey R. , Looze Christopher A. , Capogna Brian , Walters Brian L. , Jones Christopher M. , Rothermich Marcus A. , Fleisig Glenn S. , Aune Kyle T. , Drogosz Monika , Wilk Kevin E. , Emblom Benton A. , Cain E. Lyle 
Published: April 2019

Background: There has been a renewed interest in ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) repair in overhead athletes because of a greater understanding of UCL injuries, an improvement in fixation technology, and the extensive rehabilitation time to return to play. Purpose/Hypothesis: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of a novel technique of UCL repair with internal brace augmentation in overhead throwers. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Patients undergoing a novel technique of UCL repair with internal brace augmentation were prospectively followed for a minimum of 1 year. Potential candidates for repair were selected after the failure of nonoperative treatment when imaging suggested a complete or partial avulsion of the UCL from either the sublime tubercle or medial epicondyle, without evidence of poor tissue quality of the ligament. The final decision on UCL repair or traditional reconstruction was determined intraoperatively. Demographic and operative data were collected at the time of surgery. Return to play, and Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic (KJOC) scores were collected at 1 year and then again at 2 years postoperatively. Results: Of the 111 overhead athletes eligible for the study, 92% (102/111) of those who desired to return to the same or higher level of competition were able to do so at a mean time of 6.7 months. These patients had a mean KJOC score of 88.2 at final follow-up. Conclusion: UCL repair with internal brace augmentation is a viable option for amateur overhead throwers with selected UCL injuries who wish to return to sport in a shorter time frame than allowed by traditional UCL reconstruction.
The “Arm-to-Chest Tunneling” technique: A modified technique for arm placement of implantable ports or central catheters
Authors: Kehagias Elias , Tsetis Dimitrios 
Published: April 2019

Purpose: Central venous catheters or “venous access devices” include totally implantable venous access devices or “ports,” peripherally inserted central catheters, and tunneled lines. Venous access devices are now the standard of care in patients requiring long-term intravenous drug administration. Arm venous access device placement is a valuable option for vascular access yet often complicated or rendered practically impossible by the condition and size of peripheral veins. We describe a modification of the arm venous access device implantation technique that we use in our department in order to offer this option to our patients, regardless of their peripheral veins condition. Methods: After ultrasound guided venous access of a suitable neck vein, we create a port pouch—in case of a totally implantable vascular access device—or a skin nick—in case of a venous access device—in the inner aspect of the mid-arm. Using a straight metal tunneler, we tunnel the line from the neck to the arm in two stages, externalizing and re-inserting the line into a skin nick made on the deltopectoral groove. We call this technique “Arm-to-Chest Tunneling” and use it to place venous access devices in the arm using a neck venous access. Results: The Arm-to-Chest Tunneling technique allows us to use larger arm venous access device catheters irrespective of the arm veins condition. Thus, this technique has the advantages of arm venous access device placement, with the added benefit of saving the arm veins. Conclusion: The “Arm-to-Chest Tunneling” method offers the alternative to place a venous access device in a more discreet site in the arm, even in cases in which arm veins are inadequate.
Very Early Cytomegalovirus Infection After Renal Transplantation: A Single-Center 20-Year Perspective
Authors: Jorgenson MR , Descourouez JL , Astor BC , Smith JA , Aziz F , Redfield RR , Mandelbrot DA 
Published: April 2019

Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection risk in the first month after transplantation is felt to be minimal; however, the epidemiology has not been specifically investigated, particularly in the modern era of potent immunosuppressive regimens and universal CMV prophylaxis. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the incidence of and risk factors associated with CMV occurring less than 30 days after transplant and evaluate the effect of very early CMV on outcomes. Methods: Retrospective, single-center study of adult renal transplant (RTX) recipients between January 1, 1994 and December 31, 2014. Results: A total of 5225 patients who received a renal transplant in the study time period were reviewed for the presence of CMV infection occurring less than 30 days after transplant. Of these, only 14 patients demonstrated this finding for an overall incidence of 0.27%. Half of these patients were considered to be at heightened risk due to being a recipient of a non-primary transplant or on chronic immunosuppression. This left seven patients without known risk factors for very early CMV to evaluate. In this group, time from transplant to CMV infection was 13.5 ± 7 days. The majority (57.1%, n = 4) were high-risk serostatus (CMV D+/R−) and occurred in the valganciclovir era (71.4%, n = 5). Lymphocyte-depleting induction predominated (57.1%, n = 4). Average cold ischemic time (CIT) was 19.7 ± 7.7 hours. Three patients had post-operative complications, two required exploratory-laparotomy for hemorrhage. When evaluating outcomes, 43% (n = 3) had subsequent episodes of CMV infection, 28.6% (n = 2) developed rejection, and 28.6% (n = 2) died. Outcomes between patients with CMV infection less than 30 days and those with CMV infection more than 30 days after transplant were not significantly different. Conclusions: In our review of over 5000 kidney transplants, the incidence of CMV infection in the first 30 days after renal transplant is 0.2%. Notable common patient characteristics include hemorrhage requiring re-operation and prolonged CIT. Outcomes were similar to CMV occurring more than 30 days after transplant. This study should provide the clinician with some reassurance; despite potent immunosuppressive therapy, CMV infection in the first 30 days is unlikely.
HIV post-exposure prophylaxis in the Emergency Department: a perspective from Singapore
Authors: Wong Gloria Ngoi Lei , Fua Tzay-Ping , Pek Jen Heng 
Published: April 2019

Background: Exposures to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) commonly arrive at the Emergency Department (ED) for evaluation of transmission risk and the necessity for post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). PEP aims to prevent HIV after exposure. International recommendations exist to guide eligibility assessment and standardise prescribing practices. Objective: The primary objective was to describe the patient cohort receiving HIV PEP at the ED. The secondary objective was to assess the ED physicians’ adherence to the 2005 guidelines provided by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for HIV PEP. Methods: This retrospective study identified patients prescribed with PEP after presenting with potential HIV exposure to a tertiary hospital ED in Singapore over 2 years. The exposure type and characteristics, source patient characteristics, indications for PEP, HIV status on presentation and on follow-up were assessed. Institutional guidelines recommended tenofovir/emtricitabine (Truvada) and raltegravir as HIV PEP. Results: Twenty-seven patients received HIV PEP during the study period. The majority (81.5%) presented after occupational exposure, with fresh needlestick injury (44.4%) being the most common cause. Amongst all recipients, PEP was indicated in 22.2% and not in 18.5%. Conclusions: With international guidelines simplifying eligibility assessment and prescribing practices, accurate and evidence-based PEP provision should be implemented at the frontline in the ED. These may be encouraged by enforcement of specific workflows and physician education.
Development of a national automated endoscopy database: The United Kingdom National Endoscopy Database (NED)
Authors: Lee Thomas JW , Siau Keith , Esmaily Shiran , Docherty James , Stebbing John , Brookes Matthew J , Broughton Raphael , Rogers Peter , Dunckley Paul , Rutter Matthew D 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundThe National Endoscopy Database (NED) project commenced in 2013 under the auspices of the Joint Advisory Group. The aim is to upload endoscopy procedure data from all units across the United Kingdom to a centralised database. The database can be used to facilitate quality assurance, research and training in endoscopy.ObjectiveThis article describes the development and implementation process of NED from its inception to date.MethodsNED utilises automated data uploading of a minimum dataset from local endoscopy reporting systems to a central national database via the internet. Currently all data are anonymised. Key performance indicators are presented to endoscopists and organisations on a web‐based platform for quality assurance purposes.ResultsAs of October 2018, 295 endoscopy services out of a total of 529 known services in the UK (56%) are actively uploading to NED. Data from more than 400,000 endoscopic procedures have been uploaded.ConclusionUK‐wide data collection from endoscopy units to a central database is feasible using an automated upload system. This has the potential to facilitate endoscopy quality assurance and research.
Azurite in medieval illuminated manuscripts: a reflection-FTIR study concerning the characterization of binding media
Authors: Vetter Wilfried , Latini Irene , Schreiner Manfred 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
In illuminated manuscripts, a reliable identification of oxyanion pigments such as azurite by rFTIR is simple, as several combination and overtone bands are strongly enhanced compared to transmission mode. However, the characterization of the used binding media is rather difficult, as the analysis of four medieval manuscripts from the late thirteenth to the fifteenth century (e.g. Cod. slav. 8 in the collection of the Austrian National Library), as well as the earliest known map of Vienna (Albertinischer Plan from 1421, Wien Museum) showed. According to the literature, mainly glair (egg white) and plant gums were applied as binding media for azurite. Moreover, both were used in many cases also as “varnishes” in order to improve optical and mechanical properties of the paint layer. In order to assess the possibilities and to distinguish between proteinaceous and carbohydrate binders, mock-ups with azurite were prepared on parchment support with various quantities of binders. Additionally, some of the specimen were varnished using the binders mentioned above. Furthermore, mock-ups on aluminium foil were prepared to evaluate the influence of the support on the reflection spectra. The results showed that the binding medium content in the mock-ups usually was too low for a reliable determination by rFTIR (except the ones with the highest contents), whereas it was possible to characterize the varnish materials. Only an insignificant influence of the support on the spectra from the mock-ups was observed. However, the spectra obtained from three manuscripts suggested a certain influence of the parchment support, which indicates thinner paint layers.
Detection of Early Human Papillomavirus–Associated Cancers by Liquid Biopsy
Authors: Damerla Rama R. , Lee Nancy Y. , You Daoqui , Soni Rekha , Shah Rachna , Reyngold Marsha , Katabi Nora , Wu Vanessa , McBride Sean M. , Tsai Chiaojung Jillian , Riaz Nadeem , Powell Simon N. , Babady N. Esther , Viale Agnes , Higginson Daniel S. 
Published: April 2019

PURPOSE A circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) test to detect plasma Epstein-Barr viral DNA can be used to screen for early nasopharyngeal cancers; however, the reported sensitivity of viral ctDNA tests to detect human papillomavirus (HPV)–associated cancers is modest. We assessed the utility of droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) to detect early-stage HPV-associated cancers using sequential HPV16 and HPV33 assays that account for HPV subtype distribution and subtype sequence variants. PATIENTS AND METHODS We collected plasma specimens from 97 HPV-positive patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and eight patients with HPV-positive anal squamous cell carcinoma, each with locoregionally confined disease. Negative controls included samples from seven patients with HPV-negative head and neck cancers and 20 individuals without cancer. RESULTS Of 97 patients with nonmetastatic, locoregionally confined oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, 90 patients had detectable HPV16 ctDNA and three patients had HPV33 ctDNA, indicating an overall sensitivity of 95.6%. Seven of eight patients with early anal cancer were HPV16 ctDNA positive. No HPV ctDNA was detected in 27 negative controls, indicating 100% specificity. HPV16 ctDNA was detected in 19 of 19 patients with low-volume disease, defined as patients with a single, asymptomatic positive lymph node (N1) or an isolated T1-2 asymptomatic primary tumor. HPV16 ctDNA levels directly corresponded to tumor responses to chemoradiation and surgery. CONCLUSION With an updated understanding of HPV subtypes and sequence variation, HPV ctDNA by ddPCR is highly sensitive and specific, identifying HPV16 and HPV33 subtypes in a similar distribution as reported in major genomic profiling studies. The detection of small tumors indicates that HPV16 and HPV33 ctDNA ddPCR could be readily used in early detection screening trials and in disease response monitoring, analogous to Epstein-Barr virus DNA.
Yap and its subcellular localization have distinct compartment-specific roles in the developing lung
Authors: van Soldt Benjamin J. , Qian Jun , Li Jiao , Tang Nan , Lu Jining , Cardoso Wellington V. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
Although the Hippo–yes-associated protein (Yap) pathway has been implicated in lung development, the specific roles for Yap and its nucleocytoplasmic shuttling in the developing airway and alveolar compartments remain elusive. Moreover, conflicting results from expression studies and differences in the lung phenotypes of Yap and Hippo kinase null mutants caused controversy over the dynamics and significance of Yap subcellular localization in the developing lung. Here, we show that the aberrant morphogenesis of Yap-deficient lungs results from the disruption of developmental events specifically in distal epithelial progenitors. We also show that activation of nuclear Yap is enough to fulfill the Yap requirements to rescue abnormalities in these lungs. Remarkably, we found that Yap nucleocytoplasmic shuttling is largely dispensable in epithelial progenitors for both branching morphogenesis and sacculation. However, if maintained transcriptionally active in airways, nuclear Yap profoundly alters proximal-distal identity and halts epithelial differentiation. Taken together, these observations provide novel insights into the crucial importance of Hippo-Yap signaling in the lung prenatally.
Dietary patterns and their association with the components of metabolic syndrome: A cross-sectional study of adults from northeast Thailand
Authors: Chupanit Pornpimon , Muktabhant Benja , Schelp Frank Peter 
Published: April 2019

Background:Nutritional transition influences a shift in eating behaviour that is associated with a rise in the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Metabolic syndrome (MetS) comprises a set of NCD risk factors. This study aimed to investigate dietary patterns and to determine the relationship between dietary patterns and MetS and its components.Methods:An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 468 adults aged 35–60 years who were residents of a semi-urban district of one of the central provinces in the northeast of Thailand. A factor analysis identified dietary patterns based on the consumption of 21 food groups, which were assessed by using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. MetS was identified by using the harmonized criteria that were stipulated by six leading international organisations. The association between dietary patterns and MetS and its components were evaluated by multiple logistic regressions. The confounding factors adjusted in the model were age, sex, smoking status, physical activity, and medication intake.Results:Two dietary patterns were identified: a traditional pattern characterised by high intakes of sticky rice and animal source foods; a mixed pattern included high intakes of white rice and a variety of food groups. The two dietary patterns did not show any association with MetS. Participants in the highest tertile of the traditional pattern was significantly related to high triglycerides (adjusted OR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.10–2.88), in comparison to those from the lowest tertile, whereas participants in the highest tertile of the mixed pattern was inversely associated with abdominal obesity (adjusted OR= 0.49, 95% CI: 0.30–0.81) than those in the lowest tertile.Conclusions:Adherence to a traditional dietary pattern among the northeast Thai adults, in the context of nutrition transition, was associated with high triglyceride levels while the mixed dietary pattern was inversely related to abdominal obesity.
Objetividade mais forte para ciências exercidas a partir de baixo de Sandra Harding
Authors: Harding Sandra 
Published: April 2019

Este artigo (com exceção do “posfácio”) foi publicado como o segundo capítulo do livro Objectivity and Diversity: Another Logic of Scientific Research [Objetividade e Diversidade: outra lógica para a pesquisa científica]. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2015. Autora: Sandra HardingTradução: Rebeca Furtado de MeloRevisão: Ana Carolina Dantas
Notes from the Editors, June 2018
Authors: The Editors - 
Published: April 2019

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THE MYTH OF SACRIFICE AND THE MYTH OF TRUTH IN SLOVAK LITERATURE AFTER THE SECOND WORLD WAR (J. C. HRONSKÝ: ANDREAS BÚR MAJSTER AND DOMINIK TATARKA: FARSKÁ REPUBLIKA AND ESSAYS)
Authors: Bátorová Mária 
Published: April 2019

Hronský’s work was written in Rome at the beginning of his journey until emigration in 1947/48. This, in terms of genre and content, is a distinctive form: an autobiographical tale through which the author erected a memorial. Andreas Búr embodies the capabilities and tragedy of the author. The sacrifice for the people who kill him bears in itself a Christian pathos and at the same time the extinction of everything the author was. His character remains in the memory of the people as the myth of an ethical act. Tatarka’s work was written in Slovakia in 1948. This critique of conventional Christianity, which has tragic consequences for a defenceless woman and her children, is linked with criticism of the author Hronský in the novel Andreas Búr Majster. The movement towards the myth of truth begins in Tatarka immediately at the time of thawing after Stalin’s death in the essay “Démon súhlasu” (The Demon of Conformity) and ends in the author’s 19 years of “life in truth” and the victim of a life without civil rights.