bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Interaction between Climate Change and Land‐Use/Cover Change on Biodiversity‐Related Ecosystem Services
Authors: He Xinyue , Liang Jie , Zeng Guangming , Yuan Yujie , Li Xiaodong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractClimate change and land‐use/cover change (LUCC) are two major types of global environmental change. They are increasingly challenging the main objectives of ecosystem management, which are to provide ecosystem services sustainably to society and maintain biodiversity. However, a comprehensive understanding of how climate–land‐use change affects these primary goals of ecosystem management is still lacking. Here, a global literature review on the impacts of climate change and LUCC on ecosystem services related to biodiversity is presented. In this review, possible ecological responses at species, community, and ecosystem levels, and the effects of interaction mechanisms between climate change and LUCC on biodiversity‐related ecosystem services are identified. The results show possible effects on species facing climate change challenges through affecting distribution/range shifts, interspecific relations, richness, and abundance, and the impacts on biodiversity through increasing extinction rates, nutrient deposition, and habitat fragmentation under LUCC. Climate change may hinder the ability of species to deal with LUCC, and in turn LUCC could reduce resilience to climate change. Understanding of these interactions is necessary to address the increasing pressure on sustainable provisioning of ecosystem services under different climate and land‐use scenarios in the future.
Modelling the differences between El Niño and La Niña years and planktonic larval duration on dispersal across the southeast Australian biogeographic barrier
Authors: Aguilar Lucia A. , Matthews Samuel A. , Ayre David J. , Minchinton Todd E. 
Published: May 2019

Phylogeographic and genetic studies have revealed complex variation in connectivity across the Southeast Australian Biogeographic Barrier (SEABB) for intertidal rocky‐shore invertebrates. The objective of this study was to use Connie2 to test whether differences between El Niño and La Niña years alter the probability of larvae crossing the SEABB. The SEABB occurs on the SE corner of Australia and is the convergence site of two major ocean currents (Zeehan and East Australian Currents) as well as an historical land bridge connecting Tasmania to the mainland. It includes extensive sandy shore lacking suitable substrate for rocky‐shore specialists. Study locations included coastal sites from New South Wales, Victoria, and Tasmania categorised into four regions (Barrier, Eastern, Western, and Southern). Connie2, an interactive hydrodynamic modelling tool available online, was used to evaluate connectivity via larval dispersal by comparing the effect of planktonic larval duration (PLD) from five to 120 days, season of spawning, and ENSO variability (comparing La Niña and El Niño years) on the cumulative probability of dispersal between and among populations (regions) arrayed either side of the SEABB. For all years, strong connections were detected among sites within regions, even for low to moderate (less than 20% predicted dispersal) PLDs and irrespective of season. Connectivity across SEABB (between regions) was also strongly influenced by all variables but occurred only at PLD of at least 30 days for summer spawning. Connectivity across the SEABB was strongest from west to east and south to east during La Niña events. Our findings support the importance of SEABB as a barrier to dispersal. Migration across SEABB is predicted only for summer spawners (PLD ≥30 days). Predicted dispersal is only weakly influenced by El Niño and La Niña extremes, but connectivity may be altered by projected changes to the relative strengths of the Zeehan and East Australian Currents.
Positive margin rates and predictors in transoral robotic surgery after federal approval: A national quality study
Authors: Hanna Jonathan , Morse Elliot , Brauer Philip R. , Judson Benjamin , Mehra Saral 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundPurpose of the study is to assess nationwide margin performance in oropharynx transoral robotic surgery (TORS).MethodsRetrospective review of the National Cancer Database.ResultsTwo thousand six hundred sixty‐one patients were included. The national positive margin rate (PMR) was 16.9%. High‐volume facilities had a lower PMR than low‐volume facilities (12.7% vs 21.9%; P < .001). Patients with disease of the tonsil had a lower PMR (15.7%) than base‐of‐the‐tongue (18.2%; P = .14). PMR increased with T classification (T1 = 13.0%, T2 = 17.1%, T3 = 28.2%, T4a = 45.9%, T4b = 58.3%; P < .001). On multivariable regression, factors associated with margin status included only lymph‐vascular invasion (1.63[1.13‐2.36]; P = .01), high volume (0.57[0.36‐0.92]; P = .005), and T classification (as compared to T1, T2: 1.50[1.03‐2.18], T3: 3.11[1.77‐5.46], T4a: 7.03[2.95‐16.75], T4b: 6.72[1.26‐35.93]; P < .001).ConclusionsNational PMR is 16.9%, substantially higher than reported in high‐volume TORS centers. There is a linear association between positive margins and T classification, with T3 and T4 PMRs exceeding 28%. High‐volume facilities are half as likely to yield positive margins compared to low‐volume facilities. There was no association between human papilloma virus status, tumor subsite, or academic facility status and positive margins.
A novel approach to neurologic function sparing surgical management of vagal schwannomas: Continuous intraoperative nerve monitoring of the laryngeal adductor reflex
Authors: Sandler Mykayla L. , Sims John R. , Sinclair Catherine , Ho Rebecca , Yue Lauren E. , Téllez Maria J. , Ulkatan Sedat , Khorsandi Azita S. , Brandwein‐Weber Margaret , Urken Mark L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundVagal schwannomas are rare, benign tumors of the head and neck. Nerve damage during surgical resection is associated with significant morbidity. A new technique of continuous intraoperative nerve monitoring (IONM) that allows for real‐time intraoperative feedback has recently been used for thyroid and cervical spine surgeries but has not previously been used in vagal schwannoma surgery.MethodsCase series of three patients who underwent vagal schwannoma excision utilizing this novel IONM technique. The recurrent laryngeal and vagus nerves were monitored via the laryngeal adductor reflex (LAR) using an electromyographic endotracheal tube.ResultsThree patients with suspected vagal schwannomas were treated surgically using the intracapsular enucleation approach with a combination of intermittent IONM and continuous IONM of the LAR.ConclusionThis combination of continuous and intermittent IONM can be used to preserve vagal laryngeal innervation and function and may represent the future standard of care for vagal schwannoma excision.
NMDA receptor activity bidirectionally controls active decay of long‐term spatial memory in the dorsal hippocampus
Authors: Migues Paola Virginia , Wong Jacinda , Lyu Jeongho , Hardt Oliver 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe time‐dependent forgetting of long‐term spatial memories involves activation of NMDA receptors (NMDARs) in the hippocampus. Here, we tested whether NMDARs regulate memory persistence bidirectionally, decreasing or increasing the rate of forgetting. We found that blocking NMDAR activation with AP5 or the GluN2B‐selective antagonist Ro25‐6981 in the dorsal hippocampus (dHPC) prevented the natural forgetting of long‐term memory for the locations of objects in an open field arena. In contrast, while enhancing NMDAR function with the partial agonist D‐Cycloserine did not affect the speed of forgetting for these types of memories, infusing the NMDAR co‐agonist D‐Serine significantly shortened their persistence. These results suggest that NMDAR activity can modulate the speed of constitutive long‐term memory decay in the dHPC and that regulating NMDAR expression and D‐Serine availability could provide a mechanism to control the duration of long‐term memory.
Oil fouling in double‐pipe heat exchanger under liquid‐liquid dispersion and the influence of copper oxide nanofluid
Authors: Majdi Hasan S. , Alabdly Hussein A. , Hasan Basim O. , Hathal Mustafa M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDispersions of oil in water are encountered in a variety of industrial processes leading to a reduction in the performance of the heat exchangers when thermally treating such two phase fluids. This reduction is mainly due to changes in the thermal and hydrodynamical behavior of the two phase fluid. In the present work, an experimental investigation was performed to study the effects of light oil fouling on the heat transfer coefficient in a double‐pipe heat exchanger under turbulent flow conditions. The effects of different operating conditions on the fouling rate were investigated including: hot fluid Reynolds number (the dispersion), cold fluid Reynolds number, and time. The oil fouling rate was analyzed by determining the growth of fouling resistance with time and through pressure drop measurements. The influence of copper oxide (CuO) nanofluid on the fouling rate in the dispersion was also determined. It was found that the presence of dispersed oil causes a reduction in heat transfer coefficient by percentages depending on the Reynolds number of both cold and hot fluids and the concentration of oil. In addition, the time history of fouling resistance exhibited different trends with the flow rates of both fluids and its trend was influenced appreciably by the presence of CuO nanofluid.
Cluster analysis identifying clinical phenotypes of preterm birth and related maternal and neonatal outcomes from the Brazilian Multicentre Study on Preterm Birth
Authors: Souza Renato T. , Cecatti Jose G. , Passini Renato , Pacagnella Rodolfo C. , Oliveira Paulo F. , Silva Cleide M. ,   the Brazilian Multicentre Study on Preterm Birth study group
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo explore a conceptual framework of clinical conditions associated with preterm birth (PTB) by cluster analysis, assessing determinants for different PTB subtypes and related maternal and neonatal outcomes.MethodsSecondary analysis of the Brazilian Multicentre Study on Preterm Birth of 33 740 births in 20 maternity hospitals between April 2011 and July 2012. In accordance with a prototype concept based on maternal, fetal, and placental conditions, an adapted k‐means model and fuzzy algorithm were used to identify clusters using predefined conditions. The mains outcomes were phenotype clusters and maternal and neonatal outcomes.ResultsAmong 4150 PTBs, three clusters of PTB phenotypes were identified: women who had PTB without any predefined conditions; women with mixed conditions; and women who had pre‐eclampsia, eclampsia, HELLP syndrome and fetal growth restriction. The prevalence of different preterm subtypes differed significantly in the three clusters, varying from 80.95% of provider‐initiated PTBs in cluster 3–6.62% in cluster 1 (P<0.001). Although some maternal characteristics differed among the clusters, maternal and neonatal outcomes did not.ConclusionsThe analysis identified three clusters with distinct phenotypes. Women from the different clusters had different subtypes of PTB and maternal and pregnancy characteristics.
Synthesis and assessment of metallic ion migration through a novel calcium carbonate coating for biomedical implants
Authors: Bang Le Thi , Filho Luimar C. , Engqvist Håkan , Xia Wei , Persson Cecilia 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTitanium (Ti) implants are commonly regarded as well accepted by the body. However, metal ion release is still a cause for concern. A small decrease in pH, which can be caused by inflammation, may produce a large increase in the corrosion rate of Ti implants. Coating the alloy with a buffer layer could have a significant protective effect. In this study, a calcium carbonate coating was developed on commercially pure Ti and a Ti–6Al–4V alloy through a hydrothermal treatment of previously NaOH‐treated surfaces in calcium‐citric acid chelate complexes. The results showed that a superstructured calcite coating layer formed on the Ti substrate after treatment at 170°C for 3 hr. The coating was approx. 1 μm thick and covered the substrate surface uniformly. When prolonging the hydrothermal treatment from 5 hr to 24 hr, the rhombohedral structure of calcite was observed in addition to the superstructure of calcite. Dissolution test results showed no significant differences in solution pH between the coated‐ and un‐coated samples. However, the CaCO3 coating reduced by approx. 2–5 times the Ti and V ion release from the substrate as compared to the uncoated material, at pH 4. CaCO3 and hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings gave nonsignificant effects at neutral pH although the HA coating showed a trend for better results at the longer time points. The reduction in metal ion release from the substrate and the buffering ability of the CaCO3 coating encourage further studies on this coating for clinical applications.
The retinol‐retinoic acid metabolic pathway is impaired in the lumbar spine of a rat model of congenital kyphoscoliosis
Authors: Sonoda Hiroyuki , Iizuka Haku , Ishiwata Sho , Tsunoda Daisuke , Abe Masako , Takagishi Kenji , Chikuda Hirotaka , Koibuchi Noriyuki , Shimokawa Noriaki 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAlthough congenital scoliosis is defined as a genetic disease characterized by a congenital and abnormal curvature of the spinal vertebrae, our knowledge of the genetic underpinnings of the disease is insufficient. We herein show that the downregulation of the retinol‐retinoic acid metabolism pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of congenital scoliosis. By analyzing DNA microarray data, we found that the expression levels of genes associated with the retinol metabolism pathway were decreased in the lumbar spine of Ishibashi rats (IS), a rat model of congenital kyphoscoliosis. The expression of Adh1 and Aldh1a2 (alcohol dehydrogenase), two enzymes that convert retinol to retinoic acid in this pathway, were decreased at both the gene and protein levels. Rarα, a receptor of retinoic acid and bone morphogenetic protein 2, which play a central role in bone formation and are located downstream of this pathway, were also downregulated. Interestingly, the serum retinol levels of IS rats were higher than those of wild‐type control rats. These results indicate that the adequate conversion from retinol to retinoic acid is extremely important in the regulation of normal bone formation and it may also be a key factor for understanding the pathogenesis of congenital scoliosis.
Circular RNA circ_0103552 forecasts dismal prognosis and promotes breast cancer cell proliferation and invasion by sponging miR‐1236
Authors: Yang Lixia , Song Chang , Chen Ying , Jing Guilian , Sun Jingwen 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBreast cancer (BC) is a fatal malignancy, which has a high incidence and mortality across the world. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have crucial roles in tumor initiation and progression. In this project, a newly found circRNA, circ_0103552 was explored. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction was applied to measure its expression in the patients' tissue specimens and cells. In addition, Fisher's exact test, Kaplan‐Meier curves and Cox regression model were conducted to discover the clinical significance of circ_0103552. Cell viability, clone‐forming ability, apoptosis, and metastatic properties of BC cells were evaluated by gain/loss‐of‐function assays. Dual luciferase reporter assay was applied to illuminate its mechanisms. As data indicated, circ_0103552 was significantly elevated in BC tissue samples and cells. In addition, its expression correlates with clinical severity and dismal prognosis. Furthermore, circ_0103552 could facilitate cell growth, clone‐forming ability, migration and invasion, and decrease apoptotic cells. For the mechanism exploration, circ_0103552 could directly sponge miR‐1236 to execute oncogenic activities in BC cells. In summary, this study provides a novel circRNA in tumorigeneis and progression of BC and may help to develop effective therapeutic target for this devastating disease.
Circ_0005075 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression by suppression of microRNA‐335
Authors: Yang Xiangyu , Song Hang , Zi Zhenguo , Kou Jiantao , Chen Shuhua , Dai Yang , Wang Jiangfeng , Yuan Liudi , Gao Kun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAccumulating evidence suggests that noncoding RNAs play a vital role in cancer biology. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a newly defined class of endogenously widespread noncoding RNAs, have been intensively reported to influence cell function and development, and even cancer prognosis by sponging microRNAs in various types of cancer. Nevertheless, the circRNAs research in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) still remains far insufficient. Herein, we investigated the role of a newly defined circRNAs, circ_0005075, in HCC development. We found circ_0005075 was upregulated in HCC tissues. HCC progression was suppressed by downregulation of circ_0005075 in vitro and in vivo, and the suppression was partially reversed by inhibition of microRNA‐335 (miR‐335) expression. Further, we found the expression of mitogen‐activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) was substantially regulated by circ_0005075 and miR‐335. Mechanically, it was demonstrated that circ_0005075 could directly bind to miR‐335 and miR‐335 could bind to MAPK1. Our data provide evidence that circ_0005705 promotes the HCC progression by sponging miR‐335 and further regulating MAPK1 expression.
Friend or foe: Multiple roles of adipose tissue in cancer formation and progression
Authors: Wang Yu‐Xiang , Zhu Neng , Zhang Chan‐Juan , Wang Yi‐Kai , Wu Hong‐Tao , Li Qun , Du Ke , Liao Duan‐Fang , Qin Li 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObesity is well‐known as the second factor for tumorigenesis after smoking and is bound up with the malignant progression of several kinds of cancers, including esophageal cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, kidney cancer, and ovarian cancer. The increased morbidity and mortality of obesity‐related cancer are mostly attributed to dysfunctional adipose tissue. The possible mechanisms connecting dysfunctional adipose tissue to high cancer risk mainly focus on chronic inflammation, obesity‐related microenvironment, adipokine secretion disorder, and browning of adipose tissue, and so forth. The stromal vascular cells in adipose tissue trigger chronic inflammation through secreting inflammatory factors and promote cancer cell proliferation. Hypertrophic adipose tissues lead to metabolic disorders of adipocytes, such as abnormal levels of adipokines that mediate cancer progression and metastasis. Cancer patients often show adipose tissue browning and cancerous cachexia in an advanced stage, which lead to unsatisfied chemotherapy effect and poor prognosis. However, increasing evidence has shown that adipose tissue may display quite opposite effects in cancer development. Therefore, the interaction between cancers and adipose tissue exert a vital role in mediates adipose tissue dysfunction and further leads to cancer progression. In conclusion, targeting the dysfunction of adipose tissue provides a promising strategy for cancer prevention and therapy.
Ultrasound assessment of muscle mass in response to exercise training in chronic kidney disease: a comparison with MRI
Authors: Gould Douglas W. , Watson Emma L. , Wilkinson Thomas J. , Wormleighton Joanne , Xenophontos Soteris , Viana Joao L. , Smith Alice C. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a catabolic condition associated with muscle wasting and dysfunction, which associates with morbidity and mortality. There is a need for simple techniques capable of monitoring changes in muscle size with disease progression and in response to interventions aiming to increase muscle mass and function. Ultrasound is one such technique; however, it is unknown how well changes in muscle cross‐sectional area (CSA) measured using ultrasound relate to changes in whole muscle volume measured using magnetic resonance imaging. We tested whether rectus femoris CSA (RF‐CSA) could be used as a valid indication of changes in quadriceps muscle volume as a single measure of muscle size and following a 12 week exercise intervention that resulted in muscle hypertrophy.MethodsSecondary analysis of data was collected from the ExTra CKD study (ISRCTN 36489137). Quadriceps muscle size was assessed from 36 patients with non‐dialysis CKD before and after 12 weeks of supervised exercise that resulted in muscle hypertrophy.ResultsStrong positive correlations were observed between RF‐CSA and quadriceps volume at baseline (r2 = 0.815, CI 0.661 to 0.903; P < 0.001) and following 12 week exercise (r2 = 0.845, CI 0.700 to 0.923; P < 0.001). A moderate positive association was also observed between changes in RF‐CSA and quadriceps following exercise training (rho = 0.441, CI 0.085 to 0.697; P = 0.015). Bland–Altman analysis revealed a small bias (bias 0.6% ± 12.5) between the mean percentage changes in RF‐CSA and quadriceps volume but wide limits of agreement from −24 to 25.ConclusionsRectus femoris CSA appears to be a reliable index of total quadriceps volume as a simple measure of muscle size, both as a single observation and in response to exercise training in non‐dialysis CKD patients.
Preclinical assessment of 68Ga‐PSMA‐617 entrapped in a microemulsion delivery system for applications in prostate cancer PET/CT imaging
Authors: Mandiwana Vusani , Kalombo Lonji , Lemmer Yolandy , Labuschagne Philip , Semete‐Makokotlela Boitumelo , Sathekge Mike , Ebenhan Thomas , Zeevaart Jan Rijn 
Published: May 2019

It has in recent years been reported that microemulsion (ME) delivery systems provide an opportunity to improve the efficacy of a therapeutic agent whilst minimising side effects and also offer the advantage of favourable treatment regimens. The prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA) targeting agents PSMA‐11 and PSMA‐617, which accumulate in prostate tumours, allow for [68Ga]Ga3+‐radiolabelling and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET) imaging of PSMA expression in vivo. We herein report the formulation of [68Ga]Ga‐PSMA‐617 into a ME ≤40 nm including its evaluation for improved cellular toxicity and in vivo biodistribution. The [68Ga]Ga‐PSMA‐617‐ME was tested in vitro for its cytotoxicity to HEK293 and PC3 cells. [68Ga]Ga‐PSMA‐617‐ME was administered intravenously in BALB/c mice followed by microPET/computed tomography (CT) imaging and ex vivo biodistribution determination. [68Ga]Ga‐PSMA‐617‐ME indicated negligible cellular toxicity at different concentrations. A statistically higher tolerance towards the [68Ga]Ga‐PSMA‐617‐ME occurred at 0.125 mg/mL by HEK293 cells compared with PC3 cells. The biodistribution in wild‐type BALB/C mice showed the highest amounts of radioactivity (%ID/g) presented in the kidneys (31%) followed by the small intestine (10%) and stomach (9%); the lowest uptake was seen in the brain (0.5%). The incorporation of [68Ga]Ga‐PSMA‐617 into ME was successfully demonstrated and resulted in a stable nontoxic formulation as evaluated by in vitro and in vivo means.