bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence for intragenic recombination and selective sweep in an effector gene of Phytophthora infestans
Authors: Yang Lina , Ouyang Hai‐Bing , Fang Zhi‐Guo , Zhu Wen , Wu E‐Jiao , Luo Gui‐Huo , Shang Li‐Ping , Zhan Jiasui 
Published: March 2018

AbstractEffectors, a group of small proteins secreted by pathogens, play a critical role in the antagonistic interaction between plant hosts and pathogens through their dual functions in regulating host immune systems and pathogen infection capability. In this study, evolution in effector genes was investigated through population genetic analysis of Avr3a sequences generated from 96 Phytophthora infestans isolates collected from six locations representing a range of thermal variation and cropping systems in China. We found high genetic variation in the Avr3a gene resulting from diverse mechanisms extending beyond point mutations, frameshift, and defeated start and stop codons to intragenic recombination. A total of 51 nucleotide haplotypes encoding 38 amino acid isoforms were detected in the 96 full sequences with nucleotide diversity in the pathogen populations ranging from 0.007 to 0.023 (mean = 0.017). Although haplotype and nucleotide diversity were high, the effector gene was dominated by only three haplotypes. Evidence for a selective sweep was provided by (i) the population genetic differentiation (GST) of haplotypes being lower than the population differentiation (FST) of SSR marker loci; and (ii) negative values of Tajima's D and Fu's FS. Annual mean temperature in the collection sites was negatively correlated with the frequency of the virulent form (Avr3aEM), indicating Avr3a may be regulated by temperature. These results suggest that elevated air temperature due to global warming may hamper the development of pathogenicity traits in P. infestans and further study under confined thermal regimes may be required to confirm the hypothesis.
Pain management for laminitis in the horse
Authors: Hopster K. , van Eps A. W. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe inability to control pain is the most common reason for cessation of treatment and euthanasia in cases of laminitis, yet pain also serves a unique protective function in these cases, particularly in the acute phase when lamellar integrity is weakened. Successful analgesia requires an understanding of the disease pathophysiology, the sources of pain in laminitis, methods of serial pain evaluation, and methods of analgesia including systemic and regional techniques. This review discusses the approach to analgesia including detail of traditional and novel analgesic medications and techniques with specific reference to the laminitis case.
Theoretical framework for estimating a product's reliability using a variable‐amplitude loading spectrum and a stress‐based approach
Authors: Portalés R.M. , del Mar Bochons Sania M. , Klemenc J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAn innovative approach for predicting the reliability of a structure that is subject to a variable‐amplitude dynamic load is presented. In this approach, a Gassner durability curve with its scatter is modelled using a 2‐parametric Weibull's probability density function (PDF). The trend of the Gassner durability curve is modelled with a general hyperbola equation in a log‐log scale. The hyperbola equation is applied to represent the durability curve for the 63.2% probability of fatigue failure that describes the dependency of the Weibull's scale parameter on the loading spectrum's maximum stress. Equations are derived to link the parameters of the hyperbola curve to the material's S‐N curve and the loading spectrum. The Weibull's shape parameter is estimated from the scatter of the material's S‐N curve. The proposed Gassner‐curve model is applied to calculate the fatigue reliability from the PDF of the loading spectrum's maximum stress and the PDF of the durability‐curve's amplitude stress for the selected number of loading‐cycles‐to‐failure.
Anthropogenic disturbance equalizes diversity levels in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities
Authors: García de León David , Davison John , Moora Mari , Öpik Maarja , Feng Huyuan , Hiiesalu Inga , Jairus Teele , Koorem Kadri , Liu Yongjun , Phosri Cherdchai , Sepp Siim‐Kaarel , Vasar Martti , Zobel Martin 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is a key plant–microbe interaction in sustainable functioning ecosystems. Increasing anthropogenic disturbance poses a threat to AM fungal communities worldwide, but there is little empirical evidence about its potential negative consequences. In this global study, we sequenced AM fungal DNA in soil samples collected from pairs of natural (undisturbed) and anthropogenic (disturbed) plots in two ecosystem types (10 naturally wooded and six naturally unwooded ecosystems). We found that ecosystem type had stronger directional effects than anthropogenic disturbance on AM fungal alpha and beta diversity. However, disturbance increased alpha and beta diversity at sites where natural diversity was low and decreased diversity at sites where natural diversity was high. Cultured AM fungal taxa were more prevalent in anthropogenic than natural plots, probably due to their efficient colonization strategies and ability to recover from disturbance. We conclude that anthropogenic disturbance does not have a consistent directional effect on AM fungal diversity; rather, disturbance equalizes levels of diversity at large scales and causes changes in community functional structure.
Risk factors of adverse events in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for patients aged ≥85 years
Authors: Takahashi Koji , Tsuyuguchi Toshio , Sugiyama Harutoshi , Kumagai Junichiro , Nakamura Masato , Iino Yotaro , Shingyoji Ayako , Yamato Mutsumi , Ohyama Hiroshi , Kusakabe Yuko , Yasui Shin , Mikata Rintaro , Kato Naoya 
Published: March 2018

AimLittle is known about the factors that contribute to the occurrence of adverse events in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for people aged ≥85 years and safety for the super‐old. Therefore, we decided to identify these factors and to examine whether ERCP is safe in the super‐old.MethodsThis was a single‐center retrospective study. A total of 137 patients aged ≥85 years who underwent therapeutic ERCP at Chiba University Hospital from January 2012 to March 2017 were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsFour cases of Billroth II reconstruction and two cases of gastrectomy with Roux‐en‐Y reconstruction were excluded, and 131cases in total were examined in the present study. A total of 10 and 121 cases with and without adverse events, respectively, were present. Using univariate analysis, factors significantly contributing to the occurrence of adverse events in therapeutic ERCP were identified as aged ≥90 years (P = 0.0096), duodenal papilla cancer (P = 0.0012), gallbladder carcinoma (P = 0.023), and biliary metal stenting (P = 0.040). In multivariate analysis, only ≥90 years‐of‐age was a significant factor (P = 0.049). In addition, comparison between 25 cases of the super‐old and 106 cases aged 85–89 years was carried out. In the super‐old group, the average value of the American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification and Charlson’s Comorbidity Index were significantly better than those in 85–89‐year‐olds (P = 0.0035 and P < 0.0001, respectively).ConclusionsAlthough the super‐old group had fewer comorbid diseases, they had significantly increased adverse events compared with patients aged 85–89 years. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 1038–1045.
Application of ERT, Saline Tracer and Numerical Studies to Delineate Preferential Paths in Fractured Granites
Authors: Sreeparvathy Vijay , Kambhammettu B.V.N.P. , Peddinti Srinivasa Rao , Sarada P.S.L. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAccurate quantification of in situ heterogeneity and flow processes through fractured geologic media remains elusive for hydrogeologists due to the complexity in fracture characterization and its multiscale behavior. In this research, we demonstrated the efficacy of tracer‐electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) experiments combined with numerical simulations to characterize heterogeneity and delineate preferential flow paths in a fractured granite aquifer. A series of natural gradient saline tracer experiments were conducted from a depth window of 18 to 22 m in an injection well (IW) located inside the Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad campus. Tracer migration was monitored in a time‐lapse mode using two cross‐sectional surface ERT profiles placed in the direction of flow gradient. ERT data quality was improved by considering stacking, reciprocal measurements, resolution indicators, and geophysical logs. Dynamic changes in subsurface electrical properties inferred via resistivity anomalies were used to highlight preferential flow paths of the study area. Temporal changes in electrical resistivity and tracer concentration were monitored along the vertical in an observation well located at 48 m to the east of the IW. ERT‐derived tracer breakthrough curves were in agreement with geochemical sample measurements. Fracture geometry and hydraulic properties derived from ERT and pumping tests were further used to evaluate two mathematical conceptualizations that are relevant to fractured aquifers. Results of numerical analysis conclude that dual continuum model that combines matrix and fracture systems through a flow exchange term has outperformed equivalent continuum model in reproducing tracer concentrations at the monitoring wells (evident by a decrease in RMSE from 199 to 65 mg/L). A sensitivity analysis on model simulations conclude that spatial variability in hydraulic conductivity, local‐scale dispersion, and flow exchange at fracture‐matrix interface have a profound effect on model simulations.
Analysis of current perioperative management with Haemate® P/Humate P® in von Willebrand disease: Identifying the need for personalized treatment
Authors: Hazendonk H. C. A. M. , Heijdra J. M. , de Jager N. C. B. , Veerman H. C. , Boender J. , van Moort I. , Mathôt R. A. A. , Meijer K. , Laros‐van Gorkom B. A. P. , Eikenboom J. , Fijnvandraat K. , Leebeek F. W. G. , Cnossen M. H. ,   the “OPTI‐CLOT” and “WIN” study group
Published: March 2018

IntroductionPatients with Von Willebrand disease (VWD) are regularly treated with VWF‐containing concentrates in case of acute bleeding, trauma and dental or surgical procedures.AimIn this multicentre retrospective study, current perioperative management with a von Willebrand factor (VWF)/Factor VIII (FVIII) concentrate (Haemate® P) in patients with VWD was evaluated.Patients/MethodsPatients with VWD undergoing minor or major surgery between 2000 and 2015, requiring treatment with a VWF/FVIII concentrate (Haemate® P), were included. Achieved VWF activity (VWF:Act) and FVIII during FVIII‐based treatment regimens were compared to predefined target levels in national guidelines.ResultsIn total, 103 patients with VWD (148 surgeries) were included: 54 type 1 (73 surgeries), 43 type 2 (67 surgeries) and 6 type 3 (8 surgeries). Overall, treatment resulted in high VWF:Act and FVIII levels, defined as ≥0.20 IU/mL above predefined levels. In patients with type 1 VWD, respectively, 65% and 91% of trough VWF:Act and FVIII levels were higher than target levels. In patients with type 2 and type 3 VWD, respectively, 53% and 57% of trough VWF:Act and 72% and 73% of trough FVIII levels were higher than target level. Furthermore, FVIII accumulation over time was observed, while VWF:Act showed a declining trend, leading to significantly higher levels of FVIII than VWF:Act.ConclusionHigh VWF:Act and accumulation of FVIII were observed after perioperative FVIII‐based replacement therapy in patients with VWD, both underlining the necessity of personalization of dosing regimens to optimize perioperative treatment.
A study of skin disease spectrum occurring in Angola phototype V–VI population in Luanda
Authors: De Luca David A. , Maianski Ziv , Averbukh Michael 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundPrevalence of skin diseases in Luanda (Angola) is unknown, and publications are barely found in the literature. We aim to describe, for the first time, the frequency of skin disease spectrum in phototype V‐VI Angolan population in Luanda City.MethodsWe included Fitzpatrick phototype V‐VI Angolan patients who consulted the Dermatology Unit in Luanda Medical Center during a 1‐year period. Medical information was recovered from the electronic database, and diagnoses were based on ICD‐10. Only the main complaint was registered, and the results were classified according to age and sex. Criteria exclusion consisted of incomplete clinical records, Fitzpatrick phototype I‐IV Angolan, or foreign patients from the study.ResultsFrom a total of 3938 patients, 3554 met the inclusion criteria, of which 2742 were adults 13 years or older. In this group, acne (23.6%), dermatophytosis (11.0%), and pityriasis versicolor (8.6%) were the main complaints. On the other hand, in the pediatric population (n = 812), atopic dermatitis (29.4%), tinea capitis (13.7%), and molluscum contagiosum (12.5%) were the most frequent disorders. In adult females, acne (31.3%) was the main condition, while in adult males, dermatophytosis (13.5%). In children, the frequency of atopic dermatitis was comparable: 29.1% and 28.6% in girls and boys, respectively.ConclusionsWe published for the first time the frequency of the skin disease spectrum in Fitzpatrick phototype V‐VI Angolan population in Luanda City, highlighting the prevalence of acne, dermatophytosis, and atopic dermatitis.
Adolescent preferences for weight terminology used by health care providers
Authors: Puhl R. M. , Himmelstein M. S. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryBackgroundIn light of high rates of obesity and weight stigma in youth, the American Academy of Paediatrics recommends that paediatric health care professionals use appropriate, sensitive and non‐stigmatizing language in communication about weight with youth. For these efforts to be effective, there is a need to identify weight‐based language preferences among youth with overweight and obesity, as research in this area is scarce.ObjectivesThe present study provides a systematic assessment of youth perspectives of weight‐based language used by providers.MethodsAdolescents (ages 13–18 years; N = 148) enrolled in a national weight loss camp were surveyed about their preferences for words that health providers use to refer to their body weight. Adolescents completed an online survey and responded to a list of 16 words describing excess body weight, as well as questions assessing demographics, body mass index, and experienced as well as internalized weight stigma.ResultsAdolescents assigned low ratings to words like ‘fat’, ‘large’, ‘obese’ and ‘extremely obese’, indicating that they would not want providers to use these words when discussing their body weight. In contrast, words like ‘weight problem’, ‘BMI’ and ‘plus size’ were rated among the most preferred words for providers to use. Word preferences varied across gender, body mass index and extent of internalized weight stigma.ConclusionsThese findings underscore the importance of acknowledging different word preferences among youth, and to avoid making assumptions about what words youth will feel most comfortable using in discussions about their body weight.
Local treatment for metastatic prostate cancer: A systematic review
Authors: Tilki Derya , Pompe Raisa S , Bandini Marco , Marchioni Michele , Kretschmer Alexander , Tian Zhe , Karakiewicz Pierre I , Evans Christopher P 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe potential oncological benefit for radical treatment in the setting of oligometastatic prostate cancer has been under investigation and is frequently discussed. We carried out a systematic review of English language articles using the Medline database (January 2000 to May 2017) to identify studies reporting local treatment in men with metastatic prostate cancer at diagnosis. Primary end‐points were oncological outcomes, such as cancer‐specific and overall mortality. Secondary end‐points were non‐oncological outcomes, such as complications, operating room time, blood loss or length of hospital stay. Two independent authors reviewed and extracted all search results. Overall, 18 studies reporting on local treatment in metastatic prostate cancer patients were identified (14 original articles, three brief correspondences and one letter to the editor). All of them were retrospective; one partly included prospective data. All studies addressed oncological outcomes, 16 compared local treatment with no‐local treatment and 14 adjusted for confounders using multivariable regression models. All but one study concluded a survival benefit for local treatment in the metastatic setting. Due to heterogeneity of available data, a representative meta‐analysis could not be carried out. Five studies reported non‐oncological outcomes. Although local treatment in metastatic prostate cancer appears to be feasible, its oncological effect remains unclear due to high susceptibility of available studies to significant selection bias.
Involvement of microRNA miR‐2b‐3p in regulation of metabolic resistance to insecticides in Plutella xylostella
Authors: Etebari K. , Afrad M. H. , Tang B. , Silva R. , Furlong M. J. , Asgari S. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, has developed extremely high levels of resistance to chlorantraniliprole and other classes of insecticides in the field. As microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in various biological processes through gene regulation, we examined the miRNA profile of P. xylostella in response to chlorantraniliprole exposure. RNA sequencing analysis showed that insecticide treatment caused significant changes in the abundance of some miRNAs. Increasing exposure time and insecticide concentration induced more dysregulated miRNAs in P. xylostella larvae. We also screened potential target genes for some of the differentially expressed miRNAs (such as miR‐2b‐3p, miR‐14b‐5p and let‐7‐5p), which may play important roles in insecticide resistance development. Exposure of P. xylostella larvae to chlorantraniliprole caused considerable overexpression in the transcript levels of potential target genes cytochrome P450 9f2 (CYP9F2) and 307a1 (CYP307a1). Application of miR‐2b‐3p and miR‐14b‐5p mimics significantly suppressed the relative transcript levels of CYP9F2 and CYP307a1, respectively, in a P. xylostella cell line. Furthermore, enrichment of P. xylostella diet with miR‐2b‐3p mimics significantly increased mortality in deltamethrin‐resistant larvae when exposed to deltamethrin. The results suggest that miR‐2b‐3p may suppress CYP9F2 transcript levels in P. xylostella and consequently inhibit larval detoxification pathways. The findings provide an insight into possible role of miRNAs in regulation of metabolic resistance of insects to insecticides.
Characteristics of fall‐related traumatic brain injury in older adults
Authors: Teo Desmond B. , Wong Hung C. , Yeo Ai W. , Lai Yi W. , Choo Ee L. , Merchant Reshma A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundOlder adults admitted for falls and its complications, including traumatic brain injury (TBI), is increasing. Recent studies have shown that those with falls who presented to the emergency department (ED) had an increased frequency of ED revisits, especially those with head trauma.AimTo determine the characteristics and predictors of fall‐related traumatic brain injury (FRTBI) in older adults.MethodsRetrospective medical chart review of 339 patients aged 65 years and older admitted for TBI in 2014 due to a fall. Characteristics analysed include demographics, fall circumstances, prior ED visits, polypharmacy, readmission, functional status and specialist outpatient clinic utilisation before and after FRTBI.ResultsA total of 339 (37.4%) patients admitted due to FRTBI was 65 years old and older; 112 (33.0%) for subdural haemorrhage (SDH); 227 (67.0%) for head injury (HI), with a mean age of 80 years. A total of 46 (41.1%) patients with SDH and 107 (47.1%) with HI had a previous ED visit within the last year, while 22 (19.6%) of SDH and 49 (21.6%) of HI had hospitalisation 3 months prior to FRTBI. FRTBI was associated with significant decline in activities of daily living, polypharmacy and increased specialist outpatient clinic appointments (P < 0.001). Mortality was 11 (3.2%). Mild cognitive impairment or dementia was significantly associated with admissions for FRTBI, 3.31 (95% confidence interval 1.68–6.51, P = 0.001) using adjusted logistic regression.ConclusionFRTBI is associated with significant functional decline and increased resource utilisation with almost half of the patients having had prior ED visits or hospitalisation. Future studies should focus on falls risk assessment and interventions for high‐risk older adults prior to discharge from ED and hospital, and its impact on readmissions due to FRTBI.
Under‐utilisation of β‐blockers in patients with acute coronary syndrome and comorbid chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Kratzer Logan , Noakes Paul , Baumwol Jay , Wrobel Jeremy P. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundβ‐blockers are an established mainstay of therapy in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Despite substantial evidence of their safety and efficacy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, their use in this population remains limited internationally, likely due to fears of inducing bronchospasm. In Australia, little is known about the use of β‐blockers in COPD patients hospitalised for ACS.AimTo determine if β‐blockers are under‐prescribed at discharge for patients with COPD hospitalised for ACS compared to patients without a diagnosis of COPD.MethodsRetrospective analysis of a tertiary metropolitan hospital computer database was undertaken to identify the first 250 patients hospitalised with ACS from 1 March 2015.ResultsOf the 250 patients analysed, there were five in‐hospital fatalities, leaving 245 patients for final analysis. Patients with ACS and COPD received fewer β‐blockers at discharge than those with ACS alone (66.7% vs 86.2%, P < 0.05). After controlling for clinically meaningful confounding factors, a logistic regression analysis model determined that, for patients with ACS, the presence of COPD was the only significant predictor of receiving a β‐blocker at discharge.ConclusionDespite strong evidence supporting the use of β‐blockers in COPD patients with ACS, Australian patients with COPD remain under‐treated for ACS. More work is needed to alter prescribing attitudes.
Patient receipt of smoking cessation care in four Australian acute psychiatric facilities
Authors: Metse Alexandra P. , Wiggers John , Wye Paula , Bowman Jenny A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis study aimed to report the receipt of smoking care, and associated clinical and smoking characteristics among smokers admitted to four public psychiatric inpatient facilities in New South Wales, Australia. Between October 2012 and July 2014, adult smokers (N = 236) were surveyed during admission to and 1 month following discharge from the facilities. Measures of smoking care receipt were reported descriptively, and logistic regression analyses were used to explore characteristics associated with care receipt. The majority of participants were offered (78%) and used (78%) nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), with 66% of NRT‐users reporting the amount provided was sufficient to reduce cravings. A minority of participants (16%) received information or advice to quit smoking, and 60% reported smoking throughout their admission. Patients not contemplating quitting and those with non‐psychotic disorders were more likely to receive an offer of NRT. The findings suggest the provision of smoking care in Australian acute psychiatric units is sub‐optimal overall, with an indication that care may be provided selectively to certain patients, rather than systematically to all. Development and dissemination of interventions to increase smoking care provision in inpatient psychiatry are needed.