bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Modified Inverted Nipple Correction Technique That Preserves Breastfeeding
Authors: Feng Rui , Li Weiwei , Yu Bing , Zhou Yudan 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Background
An inverted nipple may affect the appearance of the breasts and breastfeeding, but traditional surgical procedures might injure the normal lactiferous ducts and damage sensory functions.

Objectives
The aim of the study was to propose a minimally invasive and reliable method that preserves breastfeeding and corrects grade I and II inverted nipples.

Methods
This was a randomized controlled trial of 230 female patients with unilateral or bilateral inverted nipples and 30 patients with normal nipples who visited the Preconception Counseling Department of our hospital from February 2009 to January 2016. The nipples in the distractor group underwent an operation with a distractor, while the control nipples were treated with daily exercises. The intervention lasted 6 months. The primary endpoint was full-term pregnancy breastfeeding for 4 months. The secondary endpoint was the completion of lactation without obvious complications, such as mastitis and nipple craze.

Results
Grade I and II nipples achieved increased height after the distractor was worn for 6 months and at 37 weeks of pregnancy (P &lt; 0.05), while the control nipples achieved only a marginal improvement at 37 weeks of pregnancy. In the distractor group, the success rates were 84.9% and 79.3% for grade I and II nipples, respectively, compared with the control group (52.5% and 38.9%, respectively) (P &lt; 0.05). After treatment with the distractor for 6 months, nipples in the distractor group showed no complications, such as skin numbness or nipple necrosis.

Conclusions
The use of a distractor is a reliable and minimally invasive method for correcting grade I and II inverted nipples while preserving breastfeeding.

Level of Evidence: 2
A comprehensive survey of models for dissecting local ancestry deconvolution in human genome
Authors: Geza Ephifania , Mugo Jacquiline , Mulder Nicola J , Wonkam Ambroise , Chimusa Emile R , Mazandu Gaston K 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOver the past decade, studies of admixed populations have increasingly gained interest in both medical and population genetics. These studies have so far shed light on the patterns of genetic variation throughout modern human evolution and have improved our understanding of the demographics and adaptive processes of human populations. To date, there exist about 20 methods or tools to deconvolve local ancestry. These methods have merits and drawbacks in estimating local ancestry in multiway admixed populations. In this article, we survey existing ancestry deconvolution methods, with special emphasis on multiway admixture, and compare these methods based on simulation results reported by different studies, computational approaches used, including mathematical and statistical models, and biological challenges related to each method. This should orient users on the choice of an appropriate method or tool for given population admixture characteristics and update researchers on current advances, challenges and opportunities behind existing ancestry deconvolution methods.
MRMAssayDB: an integrated resource for validated targeted proteomics assays
Authors: Bhowmick Pallab , Mohammed Yassene , Borchers Christoph H 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMotivationMultiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM)-based targeted proteomics is increasingly being used to study the molecular basis of disease. When combined with an internal standard, MRM allows absolute quantification of proteins in virtually any type of sample but the development and validation of an MRM assay for a specific protein is laborious. Therefore, several public repositories now host targeted proteomics MRM assays, including NCI’s Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium assay portals, PeptideAtlas SRM Experiment Library, SRMAtlas, PanoramaWeb and PeptideTracker, with all of which contain different levels of information.ResultsHere we present MRMAssayDB, a web-based application that integrates these repositories into a single resource. MRMAssayDB maps and links the targeted assays, annotates the proteins with information from UniProtKB, KEGG pathways and Gene Ontologies, and provides several visualization options on the peptide and protein level. Currently MRMAssayDB contains &gt;168K assays covering more than 34K proteins from 63 organisms; &gt;13.5K of these proteins are present in &gt;2.3K KEGG biological pathways corresponding to &gt;300 master pathways, and mapping to &gt;13K GO biological processes. MRMAssayDB allows comprehensive searches for a targeted-proteomics assay depending on the user’s interests, by using target-protein name or accession number, or using annotations such as subcellular localization, biological pathway, or disease or drug associations. The user can see how many data repositories include a specific peptide assay, and the commonly used transitions for each peptide in all empirical data from the repositories.Availability and implementationhttp://mrmassaydb.proteincentre.comSupplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Detection and Isolation of Clostridium difficile Asymptomatic Carriers During Clostridium difficile Infection Outbreaks: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Paquet-Bolduc Bianka , Gervais Philippe , Roussy Jean-Francois , Trottier Sylvie , Oughton Matthew , Brukner Ivan , Longtin Jean , Loo Vivian G , Dascal Andre , Longtin Yves 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
During 4 Clostridium difficile infection outbreaks, unit-wide screening of 114 patients led to detection and isolation of 15 (13%) C. difficile asymptomatic carriers. Carriage prevalence varied between outbreaks, from 0% to 29% (P = .004). Isolating carriers was not associated with significantly shorter outbreak durations, compared with historical controls.
Population genomic data reveal genes related to important traits of quail
Authors: Wu Yan , Zhang Yaolei , Hou Zhuocheng , Fan Guangyi , Pi Jinsong , Sun Shuai , Chen Jiang , Liu Huaqiao , Du Xiao , Shen Jie , Hu Gang , Chen Wenbin , Pan Ailuan , Yin Pingping , Chen Xiaoli , Pu Yuejin , Zhang He , Liang Zhenhua , Jian Jianbo , Zhang Hao , Wu Bin , Sun Jing , Chen Jianwei , Tao Hu , Yang Ting , Xiao Hongwei , Yang Huan , Zheng Chuanwei , Bai Mingzhou , Fang Xiaodong , Burt David W , Wang Wen , Li Qingyi , Xu Xun , Li Chengfeng , Yang Huanming , Wang Jian , Yang Ning , Liu Xin , Du Jinping 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Background
Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica), a recently domesticated poultry species, is important not only as an agricultural product, but also as a model bird species for genetic research. However, most of the biological questions concerning genomics, phylogenetics, and genetics of some important economic traits have not been answered. It is thus necessary to complete a high-quality genome sequence as well as a series of comparative genomics, evolution, and functional studies.

Results
Here, we present a quail genome assembly spanning 1.04 Gb with 86.63% of sequences anchored to 30 chromosomes (28 autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes Z/W). Our genomic data have resolved the long-term debate of phylogeny among Perdicinae (Japanese quail), Meleagridinae (turkey), and Phasianinae (chicken). Comparative genomics and functional genomic data found that four candidate genes involved in early maturation had experienced positive selection, and one of them encodes follicle stimulating hormone beta (FSHβ), which is correlated with different FSHβ levels in quail and chicken. We re-sequenced 31 quails (10 wild, 11 egg-type, and 10 meat-type) and identified 18 and 26 candidate selective sweep regions in the egg-type and meat-type lines, respectively. That only one of them is shared between egg-type and meat-type lines suggests that they were subject to an independent selection. We also detected a haplotype on chromosome Z, which was closely linked with maroon/yellow plumage in quail using population resequencing and a genome-wide association study. This haplotype block will be useful for quail breeding programs.

Conclusions
This study provided a high-quality quail reference genome, identified quail-specific genes, and resolved quail phylogeny. We have identified genes related to quail early maturation and a marker for plumage color, which is significant for quail breeding. These results will facilitate biological discovery in quails and help us elucidate the evolutionary processes within the Phasianidae family.
Illuminating the CJEU’s Blind Spot of Intersectional Discrimination in Parris v Trinity College Dublin
Authors: Atrey Shreya 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The Court of Justice of the European Union decided its first ever discrimination claim argued explicitly on two grounds—sexual orientation and age—on 24 November 2016. It found that no discrimination could exist on both grounds where no discrimination existed on the grounds considered separately. With this, the Court rejected the possibility of recognising discrimination based on two grounds combined together and thus the relevance of intersectionality in European Union (EU) discrimination law. This note critiques the decision in Parris v Trinity College Dublin not only for disregarding intersectional discrimination but also for its weak single-ground analysis. In particular, the note argues that the Court failed: (i) to appreciate the normative basis of intersectionality—as creating unique patterns of disadvantage based on a combination of grounds—and how it transpires in practice; and (ii) in the alternative, to apply the Employment Directive 2000/78 correctly to claims of sexual orientation and age discrimination and in the light of its discrimination jurisprudence. The failure in Parris thus signifies a lost opportunity for the Court to address complex forms of structural inequality in EU law.
Genome-wide association analysis identifies a meningioma risk locus at 11p15.5
Authors: Claus Elizabeth B , Cornish Alex J , Broderick Peter , Schildkraut Joellen M , Dobbins Sara E , Holroyd Amy , Calvocoressi Lisa , Lu Lingeng , Hansen Helen M , Smirnov Ivan , Walsh Kyle M , Schramm Johannes , Hoffmann Per , Nöthen Markus M , Jöckel Karl-Heinz , Swerdlow Anthony , Larsen Signe Benzon , Johansen Christoffer , Simon Matthias , Bondy Melissa , Wrensch Margaret , Houlston Richard S , Wiemels Joseph L 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Background
Meningiomas are adult brain tumors originating in the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord, with significant heritable basis. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have previously identified only a single risk locus for meningioma, at 10p12.31.

Methods
To identify a susceptibility locus for meningioma, we conducted a meta-analysis of 2 GWAS, imputed using a merged reference panel from the 1000 Genomes Project and UK10K data, with validation in 2 independent sample series totaling 2138 cases and 12081 controls.

Results
We identified a new susceptibility locus for meningioma at 11p15.5 (rs2686876, odds ratio = 1.44, P = 9.86 × 10–9). A number of genes localize to the region of linkage disequilibrium encompassing rs2686876, including RIC8A, which plays a central role in the development of neural crest-derived structures, such as the meninges.

Conclusions
This finding advances our understanding of the genetic basis of meningioma development and provides additional support for a polygenic model of meningioma.
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome as a Complication of Induced Hypertension in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Allen Michelle L , Kulik Tobias , Keyrouz Salah G , Dhar Rajat 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Induced hypertension (IH) remains the mainstay of medical management for delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). However, raising blood pressure above normal levels may be associated with systemic and neurological complications, of which posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) has been increasingly recognized.

OBJECTIVE
To ascertain the frequency and predisposing factors for PRES during IH therapy.

METHODS
We identified 68 patients treated with IH from 345 SAH patients over a 3-yr period. PRES was diagnosed based on clinical suspicion, confirmed by imaging. We extracted additional data on IH, including baseline and highest target mean arterial pressure (MAP), comparing PRES to IH-treated controls.

RESULTS
Five patients were diagnosed with PRES at median 6.6 d (range 1-8 d) from vasopressor initiation. All presented with lethargy, 3 had new focal deficits, and 1 had a seizure. Although baseline MAP (prior to DCI) did not differ between cases and controls, both MAP immediately prior to IH (112 vs 90) and highest MAP targeted were greater (140 vs 120 mm Hg, both P < .01). Magnitude of MAP elevation was greater (54 vs 34 above baseline, P = .004) while degree of IH was not (37 vs 38 above pre-IH MAP). All 4 surviving PRES patients had complete resolution with IH discontinuation.

CONCLUSION
PRES was diagnosed in 7% of SAH patients undergoing IH therapy, most often when MAP was raised well above baseline to levels that exceed traditional autoregulatory thresholds. High suspicion for this reversible disorder appears warranted in the face of unexplained neurological deterioration during aggressive IH.
Hypertension management options
Authors: Scordo Kristine Anne 
Published: May 2018

Abstract:
The new hypertension guideline lowers the definition of high BP to 130/80 mm Hg. This means that millions of adults will now be diagnosed with hypertension and that many of those taking antihypertensive drugs are not at goal. The challenge is to communicate the change, the strength of evidence behind the change, and the options available to patients. Healthcare providers must be knowledgeable of the new guideline and must be ready to meet this challenge.
Antipsychotic use in older adults
Authors: Pathak Sushila , Duff Elsie 
Published: May 2018

Abstract:
Due to the physiologic changes of aging, managing behavioral issues and antipsychotic use is associated with adverse reactions that are more complex in older adults than in younger adults. Therefore, appropriate prescribing and evaluating the need to continue antipsychotics are necessary to enhance optimum patient outcomes. This article discusses best practice recommendations for NPs in Canada to help ensure safe use of antipsychotic medications in the older adult population.
Effects of Additional Low-Pass–Filtered Speech on Listening Effort for Noise-Band–Vocoded Speech in Quiet and in Noise
Authors: Pals Carina , Sarampalis Anastasios , van Dijk Mart , Başkent Deniz 
Published: May 2018

Objectives:
Residual acoustic hearing in electric–acoustic stimulation (EAS) can benefit cochlear implant (CI) users in increased sound quality, speech intelligibility, and improved tolerance to noise. The goal of this study was to investigate whether the low-pass–filtered acoustic speech in simulated EAS can provide the additional benefit of reducing listening effort for the spectrotemporally degraded signal of noise-band–vocoded speech.

Design:
Listening effort was investigated using a dual-task paradigm as a behavioral measure, and the NASA Task Load indeX as a subjective self-report measure. The primary task of the dual-task paradigm was identification of sentences presented in three experiments at three fixed intelligibility levels: at near-ceiling, 50%, and 79% intelligibility, achieved by manipulating the presence and level of speech-shaped noise in the background. Listening effort for the primary intelligibility task was reflected in the performance on the secondary, visual response time task. Experimental speech processing conditions included monaural or binaural vocoder, with added low-pass–filtered speech (to simulate EAS) or without (to simulate CI).

Results:
In Experiment 1, in quiet with intelligibility near-ceiling, additional low-pass–filtered speech reduced listening effort compared with binaural vocoder, in line with our expectations, although not compared with monaural vocoder. In Experiments 2 and 3, for speech in noise, added low-pass–filtered speech allowed the desired intelligibility levels to be reached at less favorable speech-to-noise ratios, as expected. It is interesting that this came without the cost of increased listening effort usually associated with poor speech-to-noise ratios; at 50% intelligibility, even a reduction in listening effort on top of the increased tolerance to noise was observed. The NASA Task Load indeX did not capture these differences.

Conclusions:
The dual-task results provide partial evidence for a potential decrease in listening effort as a result of adding low-frequency acoustic speech to noise-band–vocoded speech. Whether these findings translate to CI users with residual acoustic hearing will need to be addressed in future research because the quality and frequency range of low-frequency acoustic sound available to listeners with hearing loss may differ from our idealized simulations, and additional factors, such as advanced age and varying etiology, may also play a role.
The Barrow Biomimetic Spine
Authors: Bohl Michael A. , Mooney Michael A. , Repp Garrett J. , Nakaji Peter , Chang Steve W. , Turner Jay D. , Kakarla U. Kumar 
Published: May 2018

Study Design.
Objective and subjective fluoroscopic assessments of a new synthetic spine model.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to analyze the fluoroscopic performance and fidelity to human tissue of a new synthetic spine model.

Summary of Background Data.
The Barrow Biomimetic Spine project aims to develop a 3-dimensional (3D) printed, synthetic spine model that will one day replace cadaveric tissue in spine biomechanical research. A crucial component to any biomimetic spine model is that it performs similarly to cadaveric tissue on standard diagnostic imaging modalities.

Methods.
Numerous L5 vertebral bodies (VBs) were 3D printed with variable shell thicknesses and internal densities, and fluoroscopic images were taken of these models to measure cortical thickness and gray-scale density. An L3-L5 spinal segment was then printed, and fluoroscopic films were obtained at variable C-arm angles. Three spine surgeons subjectively scored these images for human fidelity. Pedicle screws were then placed into the L3-L5 segment to demonstrate successful or breached placement. Standard anteroposterior (AP) and lateral films were taken, and three spine surgeons were tested and scored on correctly identifying screw placement.

Results.
Cortical thickness and gray-scale density testing demonstrated an upward trend with increases in relevant print settings. Subjective scoring demonstrated nearly perfect fidelity for the L3-L5 model. Surgeon identification of screw placement on the AP and lateral fluoroscopic views also demonstrated nearly perfect fidelity.

Conclusion.
This study is the first to demonstrate that 3D-printed VB and segmental spine models accurately mimic human tissue on C-arm fluoroscopy, not only in respect to their anatomical appearance in standard views but also in their response to surgical manipulation and the variations in C-arm angle that commonly occur in the operating room. As such, these spine models have the potential to serve as an excellent platform for future research and surgical education programs.

Level of Evidence: N/A
Predicting Factors at Skeletal Maturity for Curve Progression and Low Back Pain in Adult Patients Treated Nonoperatively for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis With Thoracolumbar/Lumbar Curves
Authors: Ohashi Masayuki , Watanabe Kei , Hirano Toru , Hasegawa Kazuhiro , Katsumi Keiichi , Shoji Hirokazu , Mizouchi Tatsuki , Endo Naoto 
Published: May 2018

Study Design.
A retrospective, long-term follow-up study.

Objective.
We aimed to clarify the predicting factors at skeletal maturity for future curve progression and low back pain (LBP) in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) with thoracolumbar/lumbar (TL/L) curve.

Summary of Background Data.
TL/L curves are likely to progress after skeletal maturity and cause LBP.

Methods.
Of 147 patients treated nonoperatively for AIS with TL/L curve, 56 (55 females; average age at the time of survey, 39.5 ± 7.1 years; average follow-up duration after maturity, 24.9 ± 6.9 years) completed questionnaires, including the visual analogue scale (VAS) for LBP and Oswestry disability index (ODI). Forty-nine patients underwent a radiological examination, and 48 underwent lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Results.
The mean Cobb angle of the TL/L curve increased from 37.3° ± 7.5° to 47.8° ± 12.6° (0.41° ± 0.39° per year). The factors at skeletal maturity that were associated with the annual progression of the TL/L curve included a cranially located apical vertebra, and great apical vertebral translation and L3 tilt. In addition, the VAS for LBP was positively correlated with L4 tilt, and the ODI was positively correlated with L4 tilt and apical vertebral rotation. Multivariate analyses and receiver-operating characteristic curves demonstrated that L3 tilt at skeletal maturity independently predicted a curve progression ≥0.5° per year (odds ratio [OR], 1.17), while L4 tilt at skeletal maturity independently predicted a VAS ≥3 cm (OR, 1.20) and ODI ≥21% (OR, 1.25) in adulthood, with a cutoff value of approximately 16° for each factor. Moreover, lumbar disc degeneration on MRI was associated with L4 tilt at skeletal maturity and LBP in adulthood.

Conclusion.
Great L3 and L4 tilt at skeletal maturity, especially those >16°, are predictors of future curve progression and LBP in adulthood, respectively. For adolescent patients with these risk factors, periodic follow-ups into adulthood should be considered.

Level of Evidence: 4
Maternal Prepregnancy Weight Status and Adolescent Eating Disorder Behaviors
Authors: Micali Nadia , Daniel Rhian M. , Ploubidis George B. , De Stavola Bianca L. 
Published: May 2018

Background:
Maternal characteristics and childhood growth have been identified as risk factors for eating disorders. Most studies to date have been unable to investigate these factors prospectively while accounting for their interdependencies. We address this by investigating whether the association of maternal prepregnancy body mass index (ppBMI) with adolescent eating disorder behaviors can be explained by childhood growth and/or a concurrent environmental pathway captured by maternal eating habits.

Methods:
We analyzed data from girls participating in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), a prospective UK cohort. The study had information on parentally and self-reported eating disorder behaviors at age 13/14 years (n = 3,529), maternal ppBMI and eating habits at age 8, child’s birth weight, BMI from age 7 to 12, pubertal development at 11, and relevant confounders. We quantified contributions of childhood growth and concomitant maternal eating habits to the association of maternal ppBMI with eating disorder behaviors in terms of interventional disparity effects for multiple mediators.

Results:
Maternal prepregnancy underweight was negatively associated with eating disorder behaviors (−0.18; 95% confidence interval: −0.29, −0.06), whereas overweight/obesity had the opposite relationship (0.25; 0.18, 0.32). Both were nearly fully explained by childhood growth.

Conclusions:
Although maternal ppBMI is associated with developing eating disorders, its role needs to be understood in the context of childhood factors, in particular childhood growth. The relatively small size of the remaining associations, once growth factors are hypothetically equalized across levels of maternal ppBMI, suggests that childhood growth is a potential area for prevention.