bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Innate‐immune responses of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) exposure to acute cold stress
Authors: Velmurugan Bharath Kumar , Chan Chi‐Ru , Weng Ching‐Feng 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this present study, Oreochromis mossambicus tilapia were transferred to cold water at 12°C for various time intervals (1, 4, 8, 24, and 48 hr) and its innate immune response was analyzed by studying cellular and humoral parameters. In vivo, alternative complement pathway activity in blood plasma was rapidly increased at 1 hr of cold water (12°C) exposure. Lysozyme activity and cortisol levels of plasma were increased at 4 and 1 hr, respectively. Surprisingly, only plasma cortisol levels remained unchanged through 24 hr of cold water transfer. Phagocytic ability, phagocytic capacity, and respiratory burst (RB) activity of head kidney (HK) leukocytes and splenocytes showed no any significant changes. In peripheral blood leukocytes, phagocytic capacity, and RB activity were increased at 24 hr of cold water exposure. The expressions of genes involved innate immunity in splenocytes and HK leukocytes of tilapia cold water exposure were analyzed, messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of HSP70, HSP90, and immunoglobulin M failed to change upon exposure to cold stress. Major histocompatibility complex‐I and II mRNAs were significantly increased in tilapia splenocytes at 1 hr of cold water transferred. Whereas myxovirus (Mx) expression was increased in splenocytes and HK leukocytes of tilapia after 1 hr of cold water exposed. Our result reveals that the exposure of tilapia to acute cold stress condition significantly enhances plasma acid phosphatase activity and both phagocytic capacity and RB activity. Furthermore, cold stress significantly stimulates Mx gene expression in splenocytes and HK leukocytes.
MKP1 overexpression reduces TNF‐α‐induced cardiac injury via suppressing mitochondrial fragmentation and inhibiting the JNK–MIEF1 pathways
Authors: Chang Wei , Feng Min , Li Yuexia , Sun Ya , Sun Lulu 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMitochondrial stress has been acknowledged as the pathogenesis for tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α)‐induced septic cardiomyopathy. Recently, MAP kinase phosphatase 1 (MKP1) downregulation and mitochondrial fragmentation modulate the mitochondrial stress via multiple molecular mechanisms. Thereby, the goal of our current work is to figure out the functional role of mitochondrial fragmentation in TNF‐α‐induced septic cardiomyopathy. Our results exhibited that MKP1 expression was significantly repressed in hearts treated by TNF‐α. Overexpression of MKP1 sustained cardiac function and attenuated cardiomyocytes death in TNF‐α‐treated hearts. At the molecular levels, decreased MKP1 induced mitochondrial stress, as indicated by mitochondrial calcium overloading, mitochondrial oxidative stress, mitochondrial antioxidant downregulation, mitochondrial membrane potential reduction, mitochondrial bioenergetics suppression, mitochondrial proapoptotic factors liberation, and caspase‐9 apoptotic pathway activation. To the end, we illustrated that MKP1‐modulated mitochondrial stress via mitochondrial fragmentation; reactivation of mitochondrial fragmentation abolished the protective effect of MKP1 overexpression on mitochondrial function. Further, MKP1 affected mitochondrial division in a mechanism through the JNK–MIEF1 axis. Blockade of JNK pathway abolished the regulatory actions of MKP1 on mitochondrial division. Altogether, our results identify MKP1 as a novel cardioprotective factor in TNF‐α‐related septic cardiomyopathy via affecting mitochondrial division by the way of JNK–MIEF1 signaling pathway. Therefore, MKP1 expression, mitochondrial fragmentation modification, and JNK–MIEF1 pathway modulation may be considered as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of cardiac injury induced by sepsis.
Suppression of Tafazzin promotes thyroid cancer apoptosis via activating the JNK signaling pathway and enhancing INF2‐mediated mitochondrial fission
Authors: Li Xiaobin , Wu Mengwei , An Dawei , Yuan Hongwei , Li Zengze , Song Yimin , Liu Ziwen 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTafazzin has been found to be associated with tumor progression. Mitochondrial homeostasis regulates cancer cell viability and metastasis. However, the roles of Tafazzin and mitochondrial homeostasis in thyroid cancer have not been explored. The aim of our study is to investigate the influences of Tafazzin on thyroid cancer apoptosis with a focus on mitochondrial fission. Our results indicated that Tafazzin deletion induced death in thyroid cancer via apoptosis. Biological analysis demonstrated that mitochondrial stress, including mitochondrial bioenergetics disorder, mitochondrial oxidative stress, and mitochondrial apoptosis, was activated by Tafazzin deletion. Furthermore, we found that Tafazzin affected mitochondrial stress by triggering inverted formin 2 (INF2)‐related mitochondrial fission. The loss of INF2 sustained mitochondrial function and promoted cancer cell survival. Molecular investigation illustrated that Tafazzin regulated INF2 expression via the JNK signaling pathway; moreover, the blockade of JNK prevented Tafazzin‐mediated INF2 expression and improved cancer cell survival. Taken together, our results highlight the key role of Tafazzin as a master regulator of thyroid cancer viability via the modulation of INF2‐related mitochondrial fission and the JNK signaling pathway. These findings defined Tafazzin deletion and INF2‐related mitochondrial fission as tumor suppressors that act by promoting cancer apoptosis via the JNK signaling pathway, with potential implications for new approaches to thyroid cancer therapy.
Oxidative stress, inflammation, and glycometabolism disorder‐induced erythrocyte hemolysis in selenium‐deficient exudative diathesis broilers
Authors: Zheng Shufang , Zhao Jinxin , Xing Houjuan , Xu Shiwen 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSelenium (Se) deficiency causes injury of diversified tissues and cells, including livers, hearts, skeletal muscles, and erythrocytes. The aim of the present study is to explore the molecular mechanism of erythrocyte hemolysis due to Se deficiency in broilers. One hundred and eighty broilers (male/female, 1 day old) were randomly divided into two groups and fed with either a normal Se content diet (C group, 0.2 mg Se/kg) or a Se‐deficient diet (ED group, 0.008 mg Se/kg) for 45 days. During the trial period of 15–30 days, biological properties such as osmotic fragility, fluidity, phospholipid components of cell membrane, adenosine triphosphatase activities, and antioxidant function of erythrocytes in broilers were examined. Moreover, the messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of genes associated with inflammation, glycometabolism, and avian uncoupling protein (avUCP) were detected. We found that compared with the C group, hemolysis rate, degree of polarization, and microviscosity of erythrocytes were increased in broilers of the ED group. The composition of erythrocyte membrane lipids was changed. Meanwhile, the antioxidant function of erythrocytes was weakened and mRNA levels of inflammatory genes were stimulated by Se deficiency (p < 0.05). In addition, mRNA expressions of rate‐limiting enzymes in glycometabolism were effected and avUCP mRNA level was downregulated (p < 0.05) in the ED group. It has been concluded from the results that oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and glycometabolism disorder lead to erythrocyte hemolysis by changing the structure and function of erythrocyte membrane in ED broilers suffered from Se deficiency.
The effectiveness of enzyme replacement therapy for juvenile‐onset Pompe disease: A systematic review
Authors: Milverton Joanne , Newton Skye , Merlin Tracy 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimThe objective of this research was to determine the effectiveness of enzyme replacement therapy for juvenile‐onset Pompe disease (patients aged 2 to 18 years at symptom onset) by systematic review.MethodsA systematic search was conducted according to a protocol designed a priori of bibliographic databases and search engines. Studies selected according to pre‐specified criteria were assessed for quality and risk of bias using standardised appraisal tools. Data were reported according to PRISMA conventions (Liberati et al. in PLoS Med 6:e1000100, 2009) and synthesised using GRADE (Guyatt et al. in J Clin Epidemiol 64:380–382, 2011).ResultsOf 2537 titles screened, 1 case series and 16 case reports met the inclusion criteria. No studies reported on the impact of enzyme replacement therapy on the survival of juvenile‐onset patients. Low level evidence found that respiratory function may improve or be maintained in the early months of therapy. Improved muscle function in the first 6 to 12 months was also suggested, but results may be confounded by natural development. Patients with less severe baseline status and treated at a younger age showed more response than patients with more severe baseline status, treated as adults.ConclusionsInterpretation of the findings was hindered by the lack of good quality evidence. The available data suggests that some JOPD patients may benefit in the short term from ERT through improved muscle strength and a reduced need for assisted ventilation. A focus by clinicians on improved and more consistent evidence collection, and use of study designs tailored to rare conditions, would provide more definitive results.
Characteristics and outcomes of patients with formiminoglutamic aciduria detected through newborn screening
Authors: Ahrens‐Nicklas Rebecca C. , Ganetzky Rebecca D. , Rush Peggy W. , Conway Robert L. , Ficicioglu Can 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundGlutamate formiminotransferase deficiency (FTCD deficiency) or formiminoglutamic aciduria is the second most common of the known inherited disorders of folate metabolism. Initial case reports suggested that patients may have severe intellectual disability and megaloblastic anemia. However, these cases were obtained from screening cohorts of patients with developmental delay. Subsequently, patients with milder clinical phenotypes have been reported. The full phenotypic spectrum of this disorder remains unknown.MethodsIn many states, FTCD deficiency can be incidentally detected on tandem mass spectrometry‐based newborn screening of dried blood spots. In this work, we report the outcomes of infants identified to have FTCD deficiency through newborn screening.ResultsDuring the study period, 18 patients were identified to have FTCD deficiency and were referred and evaluated at one of the two participating metabolic centers. The overall rate of FTCD deficiency detected through the New Jersey screening program over the study time period was 1:58,982. At a mean age of 56 months at last follow‐up: 3/18 (16%) had developmental delays requiring individualized education plans, no patients had profound intellectual disability; 4/16 (25%) had mild self‐limited anemia, no patients had profound anemia.ConclusionsThese data suggest that the majority of individuals with FTCD deficiency detected by newborn screening are asymptomatic.
Identification and characterization of 40 novel hydroxymethylbilane synthase mutations that cause acute intermittent porphyria
Authors: Chen Brenden , Solis‐Villa Constanza , Erwin Angelika L. , Balwani Manisha , Nazarenko Irina , Phillips John D. , Desnick Robert J. , Yasuda Makiko 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAcute intermittent porphyria (AIP), an autosomal dominant disorder due to the half‐normal activity of hydroxymethylbilane synthase (HMBS), is characterized by acute neurovisceral attacks that are precipitated by factors that induce heme biosynthesis. Molecular diagnosis is the most sensitive and specific diagnostic test for AIP, and importantly, it permits the identification of asymptomatic family members for genetic counseling and avoidance of precipitating factors. Here, we report the identification of 40 novel HMBS mutations, including 11 missense, four nonsense, 16 small insertions or deletions, eight consensus splice site mutations, and a complex insertion‐deletion mutation in unrelated individuals with AIP. Prokaryotic expression of the missense mutations demonstrated that all mutants had ≤5% of expressed wildtype activity, except for c.1039G>C (p.A347P), which had 51% residual HMBS activity but was markedly thermolabile. Of note, the mutation c.612G>T (p.Q204H) altered the last nucleotide of exon 10, which resulted in an alternative HMBS transcript with an in‐frame nine base‐pair deletion at the 3'‐terminus of exon 10 (encoding protein Q204HΔ3). When expressed, Q204HΔ3 and an in‐frame three base‐pair deletion (c.639_641delTGC) had no detectable HMBS activity. Western blot analyses and mapping of the missense mutations on the human HMBS crystal structure revealed that mutations near the active site or at the dimerization interface resulted in stably expressed proteins, while most that altered surface residues resulted in unstable proteins, presumably due to improper protein folding. These studies identified novel pathogenic HMBS mutations and expanded the molecular heterogeneity of AIP.
Determination of several synthetic cathinones and an amphetamine‐like compound in urine by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. Method validation and application to real cases
Authors: Gerace Enrico , Caneparo Denise , Borio Federica , Salomone Alberto , Vincenti Marco 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMost routine practices for drugs‐of‐abuse testing do not include screening procedures for new psychoactive substances, despite their increasing diffusion, preventing clear knowledge of the real consumption of these drugs in the populations. To make up for this shortcoming, a gas chromatography with mass spectrometry method was developed for the simultaneous determination of 18 synthetic cathinones and one amphetamine‐like compound in human urine. The sample preparation was based on liquid–liquid extraction under alkaline condition followed by derivatization with trifluoroacetic anhydride. The separation of the 19 analytes was achieved in less than 10 min. The whole methodology was validated according to national and international guidelines. Selectivity, linearity range, limit of detection and limit of quantitation, precision and accuracy were evaluated. For all the analytes, the calibration curve was linear in the 100–1000 ng/mL concentration range. The limits of detection ranged from 10 to 30 ng/mL and limits of quantitation from 30 to 100 ng/mL. Precisions were in the ranges 0.1–10.4%, and 1.0–12.1% for low (100 ng/mL) and high (1000 ng/mL) concentration, respectively. The accuracy, expressed as bias% was within ±20% for all the analytes. The present method was successfully applied to urine samples originating from autopsies, drug abuse/withdrawal controls, clinical investigations, roadside controls, driving re‐licensing, and workplace testing.
The role of intravenous acetaminophen in post‐operative pain control in head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Smith Erin , Lange Jessica , Moore Cindy , Eid Isaam , Jackson Lana , Monico Jesus 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveThis study investigated the role of intravenous acetaminophen for alleviation of postoperative pain after surgical resection of head and neck cancers.MethodsA single‐center study was conducted, which investigated a prospective group of 48 participants who underwent surgery between April 2016 and May 2017 and postoperatively received scheduled IV acetaminophen (1 g every 6 hours for 4 doses) plus the standard opioid PCA and breakthrough narcotics. These were compared to a similar retrospective cohort of 51 patients who had surgery between January 2014 to March 2015 and only received an opioid patient controlled analgesia (PCA) pump and breakthrough narcotics. Outcome measures included averaged pain scores, total amount of narcotics received (in morphine equivalents), and number of PCA attempts measured in 8‐hour intervals over the first 24 hours, as well as duration of PCA and length of stay. Statistical measures included descriptive analysis and gamma regression analysis.ResultsThe acetaminophen group achieved equally low pain scores (0.8 ± 1.2 vs. 1.0 ± 1.3, P = .408) with significantly less total narcotics in the first 8 hours after surgery (13.5 ± 13.3 vs. 22.5 ± 21.5 MEs, P = .014). This group had a significantly decreased length of stay (7.8 ± 4.6 vs. 10.6 ± 7.6 days, P = .03).ConclusionThis study demonstrates that intravenous acetaminophen may play a role in reducing the total narcotic requirement in the first 8 hours after surgery and contribute to a decreased length of stay and potentially decrease cost to the patient and hospital overall. Future research should be aimed at comparing these groups in a randomized control study/setting.Level of Evidence3
Non‐Tacky Fluorinated and Elastomeric STEM Networks
Authors: Cuthbert Julia , Martinez Michael R. , Sun Mingkang , Flum Jacob , Li Lingchun , Olszewski Mateusz , Wang Zhenhua , Kowalewski Tomasz , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSoft, elastomeric, non‐tacky polymer networks are synthesized by reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP). First, the pristine, structurally tailored and engineered macromolecular (STEM) networks are synthesized by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and incorporated an atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) inimer into the network. Subsequently, poly(n‐butyl acrylate) (PBA) and/or poly(octafluoropentyl acrylate) (POFPA) side chains are grafted from the network by photo‐induced ATRP. These low glass transition temperature side chains produced soft materials (E = 104–178 kPa). However, only the POFPA‐containing networks are also non‐tacky. The fluorine content and material properties are investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis, elemental analysis, spectroscopy, and contact angle measurements.
Evaluating Summer Flounder Spatial Sex-Segregation in a Southern New England Estuary
Authors: Langan Joseph A. , McManus M. Conor , Schonfeld Adena J. , Truesdale Corinne L. , Collie Jeremy S. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Marine fish species can exhibit sex-specific differences in their biological traits. Not accounting for these characteristics in the stock assessment or management of a species can lead to misunderstanding its population dynamics and result in ineffective regulatory strategies. Summer Flounder Paralichthys dentatus, a flatfish that supports significant commercial and recreational fisheries along the northeastern U.S. shelf, expresses variation in several traits between the sexes, including growth and habitat preference. To further understand these patterns, 1,302 Summer Flounder were collected and sexed in 2016 and 2017 from fisheries-independent surveys conducted in Rhode Island state waters. Female flounder were more prevalent in shallow waters (≤15 m) through all months, but males had a greater presence in deeper waters (&gt;15 m) from May through September. The probability of a collected flounder being female was evaluated with generalized linear models and covariates representing depth, temperature, month, year, and TL. Summer Flounder were more likely to be female at larger sizes, in shallower waters, and late in the season. When compared with landings data in the recreational fishery over the sampling period, the results suggest that nearly all flounder harvested in the sector were female. This work provides further evidence for and characterization of Summer Flounder sex-segregation and highlights, for management purposes, the importance of considering fine-scale spatial dynamics in addition to broader distribution patterns. The fitted model represents an effective first step toward understanding the implications of an aggregated fishing effort for disproportionate removals of male or female flounder and for exploring resulting consequences for regional spawning stock biomass and stock resiliency.
Developing a measure of adaptive stress arising from the psychosocial disruptions experienced by refugees based on a sample of displaced persons from West Papua
Authors: Tay Alvin Kuowei , Rees Susan , Tam Natalino , Kareth Moses , Silove Derrick 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectivesWe report the testing and refinement of the Adaptive Stress Index (ASI), a psychosocial assessment tool designed to measure the longer terms stressors of adapting to the psychosocial disruptions experienced by refugees.MethodsThe ASI is based on a theoretical model, the Adaptation and Development After Persecution and Trauma (ADAPT), which postulates that five psychosocial domains are disrupted by conflict and displacement, namely, safety and security, attachment, access to justice, roles and identities, and existential meaning. We used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and item response theory (IRT) to shorten and refine the measure based on data obtained from 487 refugees participating in a household survey in Papua New Guinea (response rate: 85.8%).ResultsCFA allowed the exclusion of low loading items (<0.5) and locally dependent items. A good fit was found for single models representing each of the five ASI domains. A graded response IRT model identified items with the highest discrimination and information content in each of the five derived scales.ConclusionsThe analysis produced a shortened and refined ASI for use amongst refugee populations. The study offers a guide to adapting measures of stress for application to diverse populations exposed to mass conflict and refugee displacement.
Cough associated detrusor overactivity in women with urinary incontinence
Authors: Sinha Sanjay , Lakhani Daxay , Singh Vijay P. 
Published: February 2019

AimsThis is the first study that attempts to define different forms of cough associated detrusor overactivity (CADO). Current literature lacks clarity regarding the types of CADO and clinical epidemiology.MethodsRetrospective review of all adult women who underwent urodynamics for urinary incontinence (UI) over 7 years. Patients were stratified into four types: I, leak with CADO; II, leak with cough; III, leak with both; IV, leak with neither. Cough spike immediately preceding detrusor overactivity was defined as index cough. Stress leak occurring with any cough was classified as type II, not limited to the index cough that triggered the CADO.Statistical analysis by R statistical program (version 3.1.3).ResultsOf 7009 studies, urodynamics was performed in 174, 290, and 874 women with clinical urgency, stress and mixed UI during the study period. CADO was noted in 29 (2.2%) (median 52 y; IQR 14 y) including six urgency UI, two stress UI, and 21 mixed UI (P = 0.102;n.s.). Types I–IV CADO was noted in 15, 5, 8, and 1 women, respectively. Type III was most bothersome (Patient Perception of Bladder Condition score 5; P = 0.049) and had the longest duration of CADO contraction (39.6 s IQR 20.3 s; P = 0.041). Types II (0.9 s) and III (2.0 s) had shorter latency of onset compared with type I (2.8 s, IQR 1.7 s; P = 0.038).Concluding MessageCADO is a heterogeneous entity. Subtle differences in presentation suggest distinct mechanisms for different forms of CADO. Recognizing different types of CADO introduces a precision into the subject that could ultimately benefit both clinicians and researchers.