bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling two-phase gas-solid flow in axisymmetric diffusers using cut cell technique: an Eulerian-Eulerian approach
Authors: Salem Khaled M. , Elreafay Adel M. , Abumandour Ramzy M. , Dawood A. S. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAxisymmetric diffusers find wide applications in various industrial processes, including combustion systems, pneumatic conveying, and fluidized bed reactors. Understanding and accurately modeling the behavior of two-phase flows in these devices are critical for optimizing their performance and efficiency. Various aspects of the two-phase gas-solid flow, including particle-particle and particle-wall interactions, interphase momentum transfer, and phase segregation, are investigated. Our currently developed technique, which uses a cut-cell technique, is an established new method to handle the inclined wall of an axisymmetric diffuser. The near-wall cells are treated as five faces for the new grid; one is the inclined wall. This helps treat the boundary condition at the wall in an accurate physical way. The code FORTRAN, developed in-house, was used to solve the axisymmetric diffuser using a cut-cell technique. The results of this study will provide valuable insights into the behavior of gas-solid two-phase flows in axisymmetric diffuser. A parametric study of the impact of particles diameters ($100,\ 200,\ \text{and} \ 300\mu m$
100
,

200
,

and

300
μ
m
), the solid volume loading ratios $(0.005,\ 0.008,\ 0.01)$
(
0.005
,

0.008
,

0.01
)
, and cant angle $(4.5^{\circ},\ 7^{\circ},\ 9.5^{\circ}) $
(

4.5
∘

,

7
∘

,

9.5
∘

)
effect of axisymmetric diffuser on the local skin friction, pressure, velocity, turbulent kinetic energy, and separation zone.
Automatic reconstruction of semantic façade model of architectural heritage
Authors: Hou Jingwei , Zhou Ji , He Yonghong , Hou Bo , Li Jia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Façade elements, such as windows, doors, balconies, sculptures, and totems, in architectural heritage images with incomplete structures should be automatically reconstructed for applications in 3D analysis, 3D modeling, virtual tourism, city planning, and the protection and reconstruction of architectural heritage. This study segments façade elements of architectural heritage semantically using YOLOv9. A parameterized expression for the semantic façade model is designed. In addition, the façade layer graph (FLG) and element layer graph (ELG) algorithms are developed based on topological, geometric, and structural constraints to automatically reconstruct the semantic façade model for architectural heritages. The results showed that the average precision (AP) and mean intersection over union (MIoU) achieved using YOLOv9 + FLG-ELG are 86.91% and 85.63%, respectively, on the dataset concerning façade elements of architectural heritages. The AP values obtained from the proposed method are 98.5% on the ECP2011 dataset and 95.3% on the Graz2012 dataset. The YOLOv9 + FLG-ELG method automatically reconstructs regular, irregular, and complex façade layouts with high accuracy and robustness.
Enhancing authenticity in historic districts via soundscape design
Authors: Hu Yiming , Meng Qi , Li Mengmeng , Yang Da 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Historic districts play an important role in urban planning and protection. While previous research on soundscapes has focused on acoustic comfort or preferences in these districts, the aspect of authenticity has been somewhat overlooked. Therefore, this study proposes a methodology for constructing soundscapes that enhance the authenticity of such districts. Using the grounded theory approach, we identified four key components for enhancing authenticity via soundscapes: the aim of soundscape design, physical and cultural characteristics of soundscapes, the effects of soundscapes, and the influence of spatial characteristics on soundscapes. A theoretical framework was developed to illustrate the enhancement of authenticity in historic districts via soundscapes. To verify the applicability and advancement of the proposed framework, it was compared with methodologies and steps obtained from previous soundscape research in historic districts. This study underscores the significance of soundscape design in creating authenticity in historic districts, thereby contributing to the development of soundscape design in historic districts and offering sustainable solutions for the protection and renewal of urban cultural heritage.
The method to identify invasive mechanical ventilation with Japanese claim data
Authors: Sakamoto Ayaka , Inoue Yoshiaki 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDr. Ohbe et al. reported that only 40.4% of patients who underwent invasive mechanical ventilation were treated in intensive care units, with significant variations in intensive care unit admission rates observed between hospitals and regions using Japanese claims data. The issue of validation when using claim data has been reported in previous studies. The definition of invasive mechanical ventilation used by Dr. Ohbe et al. appears overly broad, encompassing non-invasive mechanical ventilations via nasal mask and manual ventilation. We discuss the limitation of their method in identifying invasive mechanical ventilation, which is critical for defining the study population.
Partial volume correction for Lu-177-PSMA SPECT
Authors: Liu Yibin , Lu Zhonglin , Chen Gefei , Shi Kuangyu , Mok Greta S. P. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
The limited spatial resolution in SPECT images leads to partial volume effect (PVE), degrading the subsequent dosimetric accuracy. We aim to quantitatively evaluate PVE and partial volume corrections (PVC), i.e., recovery coefficient (RC)-PVC (RC-PVC), reblurred Van-Cittert (RVC) and iterative Yang (IY), in 177Lu-PSMA-617 SPECT images.

Methods
We employed a geometrical cylindrical phantom containing five spheres (diameters ranging from 20 to 40 mm) and 40 XCAT phantoms with various anatomical variations and activity distributions. SIMIND Monte Carlo code was used to generate realistic noisy projections. In the clinical study, sequential quantitative SPECT/CT imaging at 4 time-points post 177Lu-PSMA-617 injections were analyzed for 10 patients. Iterative statistical reconstruction methods were used for reconstruction with attenuation, scatter and geometrical collimator detector response corrections, followed by post-filters. The RC-curves were fit based on the geometrical phantom study and applied for XCAT phantom and clinical study in RC-PVC. Matched and 0.5-2.0 voxels (2.54–10.16 mm) mismatched sphere masks were deployed in IY. The coefficient of variation (CoV) was measured on a uniform background on the geometrical phantom. RCs of spheres and mean absolute activity error (MAE) of kidneys and tumors were evaluated in simulation data, while the activity difference was evaluated in clinical data before and after PVC.

Results
In the simulation study, the spheres experienced significant PVE, i.e., 0.26 RC and 0.70 RC for the 20 mm and 40 mm spheres, respectively. RVC and IY improved the RC of the 20 mm sphere to 0.37 and 0.75 and RC of the 40 mm sphere to 0.96 and 1.04. Mismatch in mask increased the activity error for all spheres in IY. RVC increased noise and caused Gibbs ringing artifacts. For XCAT phantoms, both RVC and IY performed comparably and were superior to RC-PVC in reducing the MAE of the kidneys. However, IY and RC-PVC outperformed RVC for tumors. The XCAT phantom study and clinical study showed a similar trend in the kidney and tumor activity differences between non-PVC and PVC.

Conclusions
PVE greatly impacts activity quantification, especially for small objects. All PVC methods improve the quantification accuracy in 177Lu-PSMA SPECT.
Intervention development and optimisation of a multi-component digital intervention for the monitoring and management of hypertensive pregnancy: the My Pregnancy Care Intervention
Authors: Tucker Katherine , Rose Frances , Lavallee Layla , Roman Cristian , Goddard Lucy , McManus Richard J. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy affect around 10% of pregnancies and remain a major cause of maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality. Trials have shown that self-monitoring blood pressure during pregnancy is safe, but self-monitoring alone does not improve blood pressure control or pregnancy outcomes. This study aimed to develop and optimise a multicomponent intervention to support blood pressure monitoring, hypertension management and urine testing within current care pathways.

Methods
Relevant literature, input from patient and public contributors (PPI) and stakeholder groups, and the researcher’s previous experience were used to develop an initial intervention. Think-aloud interviews and focus groups with women from diverse backgrounds with lived experience of hypertension in pregnancy and healthcare professionals provided feedback on the intervention prototype (n = 29). The MRC Framework for Developing Complex Interventions guided the processes to optimise the intervention’s acceptability and maximise engagement. A detailed tabulation of participants’ views and logic models was produced using the COM-B model of Behaviour Change.

Results
The prototype intervention was acceptable and viable to both pregnant women with experience of hypertensive pregnancy and healthcare professionals. Emerging themes centred on how the intervention could be optimised within current National Health Service care pathways and the lives of pregnant women to support behaviour change. Key target behaviours to support the intervention included increasing understanding of blood pressure management, engagement with the intervention, monitoring blood pressure and urine and taking appropriate actions based on those readings. This informed the development of recommendations involving clear action timelines for women and evidence-based guidance to support decision-making by healthcare professionals. The findings were used to produce the multi-component My Pregnancy Care intervention, consisting of a smartphone application and an information leaflet to support blood pressure self-monitoring and proteinuria self-testing, self-management of antihypertensive medication and smartphone application use.

Conclusions
This research provided comprehensive insight into the needs of pregnant women with hypertension and their healthcare teams regarding self-monitoring and management of blood pressure. This supported the development of a tailored multi-component digital intervention that addresses barriers to blood pressure self-management by being user-friendly, persuasive and acceptable. It is hoped that the intervention will support the monitoring and management process, collaboration between healthcare professionals and women, clinical action and improved clinical outcomes.
The epidemiological and histopathological factors for delayed local recurrence in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Kim Hyosik , Lee Sang-Min , Ahn Kang-Min 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a prevalent malignancy in oral cancer. Approximately 26% of OSCC cases recur after initial curative treatment, with over 80% of these recurrences occurring within the first 2 years. Delayed local recurrence (DLR) occurring beyond the 2-year period in cases of OSCC is infrequent. The aim of this study is to investigate the histopathological characteristics associated with DLR.

Methods
This study included 197 patients diagnosed with OSCC who underwent primary surgery from 2006 to 2022. Epidemiological features, such as age and gender, and histopathological features, including primary tumor sites, TNM staging, histopathological grading, depth of invasion, the presence of lymphovascular or perineural invasion, and the utilization of radiation therapy (RT) and neck dissection (ND) were analyzed.

Results
The mean interval until local recurrence was 22 ± 27 months. There were 10 cases of DLR (20.83%) among 51 patients with local recurrence. The epidemiological and histopathological analysis of these cases is as follows: 10 patients (3 males and 7 females) aged 51–80 years (median, 56.5 years). Primary tumor sites were tongue (n = 3), maxillary gingiva (n = 1), mandibular gingiva (n = 3), retromolar trigone (n = 1), and buccal mucosa (n = 2). Tumor size was advanced (T3/T4) in 5 cases, while a smaller size (T1/T2) was observed in 5 cases. No lymph node metastasis was 80.0%. Histopathological grading was well differentiated in 9 cases and moderately differentiated in 1 case, with no cases of poorly differentiated tumors. Depth of invasion > 5 mm was 70.0% of the cases (n = 7). Lymphovascular invasion and perineural invasion were not present. Three patients received RT, and 8 patients underwent ND. There were 2 patients who consumed alcohol, and 2 patients who smoked tobacco. The results showed that histological differentiation had a significant relationship with the interval (p = 0.031).

Conclusions
DLR, occurring more than 2 years after the initial tumor resection surgery, is infrequent. Histological differentiation is associated with tumor recurrence intervals. Patients with a higher histological grading require more precise follow-up observation during the initial 2 years after surgery.
Early insights from the routine use of patient reported outcome measures in elective hip and knee arthroplasty at a public teaching hospital in South Australia
Authors: Goldsmith Samuel P. , Karayiannis Paul N. , Edwards Louisa M. , Toson Barbara , D’Mello Freeda , Jackman Emma , Wilson Christopher John , Samson Anthony 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Introduction
For advanced osteoarthritis of the knee and hip, the most clinically effective treatment remains total-knee arthroplasty (TKA) and total-hip arthroplasty (THA). Success of these surgeries have traditionally been appraised by economic and volume-based measures. There has been a shift towards the use of patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) to quantify success and guide treatment. The present study provides analysis of three PROMS which have been validated for use in orthopaedic settings; the Oxford Knee Score (OKS), Oxford Hip Score (OHS), Forgotten Joint Score (FJS), and the EuroQol-Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-VAS) - a non-disease specific measure of health. PROMs were completed pre-operatively, 6-weeks, and 1-year after elective TKA and THA undertaken in 2018 in a public teaching hospital in South Australia. Post-operative satisfaction/dissatisfaction was measured using a 5-point Likert scale and was collected at the same 6-week and 1-year points.

Results
PROMs were collected from 285 eligible elective knee-arthroplasty, and 205 elective hip-arthroplasty patients. There was significant average improvement, greater than minimal clinical important differences between pre-operative and 1-year post-operative scores for all three PROMs tools. Inter-PROM correlation was strongest between FJS and OKS at 1-year post TKA (rs = 0.722), and between FJS and OHS in post-THA at the same interval (rs = 0.609). TKA patients with higher pre-surgical 10-year mortality were weakly associated with lower pre-operative OKS score (rs = 0.169). BMI was weakly negatively associated with pre-operative and 6-week post-operative EQ-VAS scores (rs = -0.291 and rs = -0.149 respectively). Post-TKA satisfaction was 77.2% at 1-year, and THA 88.5% at the same interval.

Conclusion
This study provides an early insight from the use of the OKS, OHS, the EQ-VAS and the FJS as PROMs in primary TKA and THA at our centre. All PROMs demonstrate significant increase (improvement) at both 6-week and 1-year post-operative intervals, relative to pre-operative scores. The FJS demonstrated good sensitivity. Pre-existing co-morbidities do not appear to have any significant relation with post-operative PROMs collected in this study.
Impact of fruits and vegetables consumption on metabolic health: a case–control study
Authors: Abd El-Shaheed Azza , Mahfouz Nermine N. , Abdel Hamid May M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), it is recommended to consume more than 400 grams of (fruits + vegetables) per day to enhance healthful lifestyle and to lower the incidence of metabolic illnesses. Their low glycemic index helps prevent spikes in blood sugar, consequently controlling hunger. Our aim was to study the reflection of the intake of fruits and that of vegetables on metabolic risks in obese children.

Results
A case–control research enrolled 90 Egyptian children (44 obese and 46 normal weight control children) aged from 5 to 11 years. Thirty-three out of 46 controls (71.7%) consumed vegetables on a daily basis compared to only 27 (61.4%) among cases. As regards fruits, the daily consumption was frequented more among the obese group 25 (58.1%) and less frequented among the control group 20 (43.5%). No significant associations were found between vegetables/fruits’ consumption and the specified metabolic markers of dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia.

Conclusion
The role of fruits and vegetables is still debatable. In our study, the daily intake of fruits and vegetables was not significantly associated with changes in blood sugar or lipid levels.
Does the clinical and radiologic outcomes following total knee arthroplasty using a new design cobalt-chrome tibial plate or predecessor different?
Authors: Kim Kang-Il , Kim Jun-Ho , Min Kyeonguk 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to compare clinical and radiographic outcomes for a new tibial component (Attune S +) and the previous design (Attune S) in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients using ATTUNE® posterior stabilized (PS) prosthesis and also assessed related factors for the development of tibial radiolucent line(RLL).

Methods
This retrospective study included 362 knees (179 Attune S, 183 Attune S +) with an average 4 years (range, 2–8) follow-up. Clinical outcomes, radiologic parameters and the incidence of RLL around the tibial component were compared through the serial assessment. For the subgroup analysis, radiologic parameters were compared between patients with and without RLL.

Results
There was no significant difference in terms of clinical outcomes and radiologic parameters between two designs. The incidence of RLL was not different through the serial follow-up (P > 0.05). In the subgroup analysis, the preoperative medial proximal tibial angle (83.7° versus 85.0°, P = 0.01) was smaller and preoperative hip-knee-ankle angle (169.1° versus 171.8°, P = 0.01) has more varus in the group with RLL than those without.

Conclusions
The clinical and radiologic outcomes including the incidence of tibial RLL between new design and predecessor were not significantly different at average 4 years follow-up. The development of tibial RLL was associated with preoperative varus deformity of tibia and lower limb alignment.
Physiotherapists knowledge, attitudes, and practices about therapeutic interventions for cognitive and motor impairments in adult patients with traumatic brain injury
Authors: Adeyemi Timothy , Daniel Abigail Sunnom , Abudu Funmilayo Rebbecca , Oluronke Possible Ireyimika , Ogunlana Michael Opeoluwa , Govender Pragashnie 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background and aim
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects brain functions, often leading to a range of cognitive and motor impairments, necessitating effective rehabilitation. It is expedient for physiotherapists to have adequate knowledge, an appropriate attitude, and practice towards managing cognitive and motor impairments in adults with TBI. This study assessed physiotherapists’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices of cognitive and motor impairments in adult patients with TBI.

Methods
This cross-sectional study involved 75 physiotherapists recruited from 8 hospitals in South-West Nigeria via purposive sampling. A self-developed questionnaire administered via Google Forms® was used to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of physiotherapists towards cognitive and motor impairments in adult patients with TBI. Descriptive statistics of mean, median, range, percentages, and frequency distribution tables were used in summarizing the KAP, while the association/correlation between KAP scores and selected demographic/profession-related characteristics was also investigated using inferential statistics of the Man-Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis, and Spearman ranked correlation. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results
The mean age of the participants was 28.73 ± 7.093 years, predominantly female (53.3%), with a bachelor’s degree in physiotherapy (78.7%), and specializing in neuro-physiotherapy. Most respondents demonstrated knowledge of cognitive 45 (60%) and motor 42 (56%) impairments in adult TBI patients. There was a (rho = 0.259) positive significant correlation (p = 0.025) between the age of the physiotherapist and their knowledge of the management of cognitive and motor impairment in adult patients with TBI.

Conclusion
Many physiotherapists in South-West Nigeria demonstrate good knowledge of TBI, with this knowledge increasing with age. This study underscores the importance of continuous educational training for physiotherapists, a consequence of which should be better rehabilitation and functional outcomes for people with TBI.
Functional outcomes of patients in the medical and trauma critical care units using the chelsea critical care physical assessment tool
Authors: Tjale Lebogang , Mshunqane Nombeko , Hanekom Silmara , Masenge Andries 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundOutcome measures in clinical practice assist in establishing progress for effective quality of care. Physiotherapists in the intensive care unit (ICU) promote lung function and facilitate early mobilization to prevent ICU-related complications.ObjectivesTo determine the physical functional outcomes in critically ill patients in the trauma and medical critical care units at three hospitals in the Tshwane District.MethodThis was a quantitative prospective observational cohort study. Adult patients admitted in the trauma, medical ICU, and high care (HC) units were recruited. Ethical clearance was obtained from the [Masked for blind review], the National Department of Health Research (NHRD), and the Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) of the hospitals. Written consent was obtained from the recruited patients. Assessments were done on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays using the Chelsea Critical Care Physical Assessment (CPAx) Tool until discharge from the units. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 28.ResultsFunctional outcomes that improved quicker were respiratory function, cough reflex, rolling in the bed, and grip strength. An increase in CPAx scores correlated with improvement in the Glasgow coma scale (GCS) in both groups. Median and inter-quartile CPAx scores in the medical ICU for the initial assessments were 3(2–8) with an increase to 8(3.75–28.25) in the final assessment (p = 0.003). The median and interquartile CPAxs scores for initial assessments in the trauma ICU were 2(1–11.75) and 5(3.25–14) for the final assessments, with ap-value of 0.005 which showed statistical significance.ConclusionCPAx mean scores in the trauma ICU were higher than in the medical ICU. There were significant positive changes in the scoring of both populations but this was slightly better in the trauma ICU. Using the CPAx tool in a HC setting seemed feasible and patients showed higher scores compared to both trauma and medical ICU.Clinical implicationsThe CPAX tool assists in the development of rehabilitation goals in the ICU and HC by physiotherapists. The tool can be adapted in the medical and trauma critical care units to assess functional outcomes.Trial registrationPan African Clinical Trials Registry, PACTR202305860988637, Registered 7 May 2023-Retrospectively registered,https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/TrialDisplay.aspx?TrialID=25542.