bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minority identity in the making? Conceptualization and operationalization of national and ethnic minorities in the case law of the European Court of Human Rights
Authors: Chronowski Nóra , Nagy Noémi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIt is well known that the European Convention on Human Rights aims to remedy violations of individual human rights, i.e., it is not an instrument for the protection of minorities. However, the European Court of Human Rights has the potential to protect minority communities indirectly by interpreting Convention rights in the context of non-discrimination. This judicial role cannot be overestimated since ethnic and national tensions are crucial social problems of our time that can be resolved peacefully by legal means based on a desirable European consensus. However, for this to happen, it is first necessary to identify what a minority is (conceptualization) and who belongs to a minority group (operationalization). Through the analysis of selected cases, this article shows how far the Court has gone on this path and what major elements of conceptualization and operationalization can be identified in its jurisprudence. Shortcomings and missed opportunities in the Court's reasoning will also be pointed out. With respect to conceptualization, we claim that the theoretical concept of a minority can implicitly be identified in the Strasbourg case law, with minority identity as its central element. In accordance with this, the main method of operationalization for the Court is self-identification, along with the (often explicit) acceptance of the objective criteria of minority membership.
Allies or foes? Does the inclusion of new minorities undermine or strengthen the European system of minority protection?
Authors: Fiala-Butora János 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis article analyses how the European minority rights system can be applied to migrant communities, and what implications such an extension of the scope of the system might have for the preservation of minority identities and the integration of European societies. Currently, most European states rely on an artificial distinction between old and new minorities, which is becoming untenable in practice. Therefore the article assesses three options of how recently arrived migrants can be incorporated into the European minority rights system: 1. maintaining the existing separation of old and new minorities, which does not promote the rights of migrant communities and is also not the most effective for integration; 2. incorporating migrant communities to the existing European system of minority rights, which provides little benefit to migrant communities and also has the potential to decrease the protection provided to autochthonous minorities; and 3. redesigning the system by including all minorities, but differentiating in the content of rights. The article argues that under the third approach, integration is possible without giving up minority languages and other essential characteristics of migrant communities' culture. It is therefore possible and desirable to extend the European minority rights system to recently arrived migrant communities.
COMMUNITY-BASED TOURISM AND MONUMENT CONSERVATION IN BOYACÁ, COLOMBIA
Authors: Salgado Moreno Angie Lorena , Bohórquez Patiño Luis Mauricio , Mora Forero Jorge Alexander 
Published: November 2024

The objective of this research article is to identify the community's willingness to get involved in monument conservation efforts in the development of community-based tourism in the department of Boyacá. To achieve this purpose, a mixed approach was used, with a descriptive methodological design, combining quantitative and qualitative tools, through surveys and interviews. The categories addressed by the research were: community tourism, community participation and monument conservation. In the first phase, in-depth interviews were conducted with eight tourism service providers in the department of Boyacá during the months of September and November 2023. In the second phase, structured surveys were conducted with 112 community members from the department of Boyacá, guaranteeing the informed consent of all participants. The sample size was calculated using an infinite statistical formula that considered a confidence level of 95% and a margin of error of 10, which indicates that the sample size is 97 over the total number of surveys conducted. The results obtained provide a comprehensive view of the community's willingness to get involved in monument conservation in Boyacá. Community participation in the conservation and recognition of these monuments not only strengthens the social fabric, but also generates a sense of belonging and local pride that translates into an enriching experience for visitors. In conclusion, it was found that, for the development of community-based tourism in the department of Boyacá, it is essential to identify the community's willingness to get involved in the conservation efforts of the monuments, since the active participation of local inhabitants is fundamental to guarantee the sustainability of these initiatives.
La misión de Ricardo Ferrer Barbero: una primera impresión de la justicia republicana en los territorios españoles del Golfo de Guinea
Authors: Bibang Ondo Eyang Jose Luis 
Published: November 2024

El advenimiento de la Segunda República alegró mucho a los residentes en los territorios españoles del golfo de Guinea (en adelante TTEEGG), quienes se dirigieron al nuevo régimen denunciando las injusticias sufridas bajo el extinto régimen, exigiendo una justicia transitoria y demandando mejoras en el régimen colonial. La República envió un comisario a la colonia, a fin de que investigara los hechos denunciados e inspeccionara todos los servicios locales. Este ensayo se centra en esta misión del comisionado republicano: repasa las denuncias y demandas de los coloniales, las diligencias practicadas por el comisario y las conclusiones y reformas propuestas por éste.

Fecha de envío / Submission Date: 12/04/2024
Fecha de aceptación /Acceptance Date: 6/05/2024
Las críticas coetáneas a la Declaración de derechos de 1789
Authors: García Pérez Rafael Daniel 
Published: November 2024

La aprobación de los artículos que terminarían por conformar la Declaración de derechos del hombre y del ciudadano en Francia en 1789 experimentó la oposición de sectores importantes de las élites francesas y de la intelectualidad europea. En este artículo tratamos de reconstruir las diferentes aproximaciones críticas coetáneas a la Declaración, centrándonos en tres grupos o individuos suficientemente relevantes en la cultura de su tiempo. El primero de ellos son aquellos constituyentes que propusieron declaraciones o artículos alternativos a los que finalmente se aprobaron. El segundo es la posición del Papa frente a la Declaración y el tercero es uno de los más influyentes pensadores políticos europeos de la edad contemporánea: Sir Edmund Burke. Tratamos de esta manera de explorar en qué medida los argumentos de estos tres sectores se entrelazaban o diferían entre sí y poner de relieve una historia crítica de la Revolución Francesa caracterizada por proponer visiones alternativas de los derechos.
Fecha de envío / Submission date: 2/11/2023
Fecha de aceptación / Acceptance date: 2/01/2024
Assessment of postoperative medication utilization in a surgical ward of a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital
Authors: Deolekar Pradnya , Vivek Kavitha , Yadav Pramila , Karande Vibha , Srivathsan Mayakalyani , Signapurkar Sonal , Sinha Akash , Movva Navya , Deolekar Sandesh 
Published: November 2024

: The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the drug utilization pattern of post-operative medications using World Health Organization (WHO) drug use indicators in post-operative patients in the surgical ward. The goal was to promote the rational use of medicines and reduce adverse effects in surgical patients in a tertiary teaching hospital.: A prospective observational study was conducted at D Y Patil Medical College, Navi Mumbai, India, involving post-operative surgical patients. A total of 493 prescriptions and case records were reviewed. Data were analyzed using WHO drug use indicators.: Of the 493 cases analyzed, 60% were male and 40% female. Appendicitis (37.93%) and various types of hernias were the most common reasons for admission. The average number of drugs per patient encounter was 7.69. The most commonly prescribed drugs were antiulcer agents, analgesics, antibiotics, and intravenous fluids. Antibiotics were prescribed in 99.59% of encounters, and injections in 100%. Drugs were prescribed by their generic name in 87.16% of cases, and 99.1% of prescriptions were from the National List of Essential Medicines 2022.: This study highlights the drug use patterns in post-operative patients at a tertiary care hospital. Widespread use of injectable medications and polypharmacy were noted, which suggests room for improvement in prescribing practices. Rational use of antibiotics is recommended to minimize the risk of antibiotic resistance.
Both-Bone Forearm Shaft Fractures Treated with Compression Plate Fixation in Adults
Authors: Vasara Henri , Stenroos Antti , Aspinen Samuli , Kosola Jussi , Anttila Turkka , Nordback Panu H. 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Both-bone forearm shaft fractures (BBFFs) in adults carry a significant risk of adverse events (AEs). Based on the current literature, there is considerable variance in AE incidence reporting. We aimed to systematically review the literature on BBFFs in adults treated with compression plate fixation, assessing AEs and long-term outcomes.

Methods:
We performed a systematic review based on the PubMed database on the current literature on adult BBFFs treated with open reduction and internal fixation with compression plates. Two authors independently collected the data, and a third author resolved disagreements between the 2 reviewers. The primary outcome measure was postoperative AEs, whereas the secondary outcome was to review the long-term outcomes. We evaluated the methodological quality of the studies with a modified version of the Coleman Methodology Score.

Results:
Fifteen studies (12 retrospective case series and 3 randomized controlled trials) met the set inclusion criteria. In total, there were 944 patients, of whom 24% (n = 224) experienced some AEs, and 14% had major AEs requiring secondary operations or remaining persistent. The most common AEs were postoperative nerve injuries (incidence 7%, n = 64/944) and fracture nonunion (incidence 5%, n = 45/944). Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand scores were available for 135 patients (5 studies), with a mean score of 12.5 (range 0-61). According to the modified Coleman Methodology Scores, there were 2 good-, 1 fair-, and 12 poor-quality studies among the included studies.

Conclusion:
BBFF compression plate fixation in adults poses a relatively high AE risk (24%). According to available patient-reported outcomes and range of motion measurements, the average postoperative outcomes are good, although a minor disability typically persists to some extent. There is a need for high-quality prospective trials assessing the treatment and outcomes of BBFFs in adults to improve forearm fracture treatment.

Level of Evidence:

Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Pain assessment and treatment in patients with mucopolysaccharidoses: a French multicentric pediatric study
Authors: Blin Mélanie , Tardieu Marine , Lacombe Didier , Gorce Magali , Damaj Léna , Barth Magalie , Genevaz Delphine , Vibet Sophie , LABARTHE Francois 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background: Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a group of rare genetic lysosomal storage disorders with a wide spectrum of clinical severities. Chronic pain is frequent but difficult to assess. The aim of this study was to evaluate the detection and management of pain in pediatric MPS patients.
Methods:Pain-related data were retrospectively collected from the medical records of pediatric MPS patients from five French centers for inborn metabolic disorders. A national online survey was also conducted about the feelingsof patients and/or their families and of healthcare professionals about the detection and management of pain in pediatricMPS patients.
Results: The medical records of 48 patients with all subtypes of MPS were analyzed. Painwas frequent and recurrent in MPS patients (pain was reported in 94% of the patients), but it was undoubtedly difficult to assess. We observed important differences between (1) medical records demonstrating frequent assessment and treatment of pain, (2) feelings of patients or their families (53 questionnaires) reporting frequent pain, and (3) feelings of healthcare professionals (21 questionnaires) who were quite satisfied with their own practices, suggesting that the majority of patients were unpainful. We recommend a more systematic evaluation of pain, particularly for outpatients, with the use of adapted tools, notably in children with disabilities,and with a multidimensional approach to pain assessment and management. Caregiver training is also needed,and close collaboration with pain centers is encouraged.
Conclusion: A routine pain assessment protocol for MPS patients is required that covers the entire spectrum of pain and canbe adapted for every type of patient, including those with neurocognitive and motor impairments.
Education and Music Intervention to Reduce Anxiety (EMIRA) in Cardiac Catheterization: Intervention Development
Authors: Batista Letícia de Carvalho , Salvetti Marina de Góes , Butcher Rita de Cássia Gengo e Silva 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND Anxiety related to cardiac catheterization (ARCC) is highly prevalent and most severe in the immediate pre-operative period. ARCC is associated with increased myocardial oxygen consumption, blood pressure variability, and increased risk of arrhythmias, leading to higher rates of intraoperative complications and worse physical, emotional, and cognitive functioning.OBJECTIVE To describe a nurse-led complex intervention (CI) designed to reduce ARCC in adults before a cardiac catheterization (CC).METHODS To design the intervention, a concept analysis yielded the identification of ARCC antecedents and attributes, based on which CI components and objectives were determined. For each component, CI procedures, mode of delivery, and dose were established based on empirical evidence. The CI was reported according to the Template for Intervention Description and Replication Checklist.RESULTS The Education and Music Intervention to Reduce Anxiety (EMIRA) consists of two components. The educational component provides the essential information regarding CC purpose, catheterization laboratory features, and what to expect before, during, and after the procedure. The musical component provides individuals with a feeling of comfort and relaxation. EMIRA is delivered in one 30-minute session using an audio-visual format. EMIRA’s expected primary outcome is a decreased state anxiety level. Additionally, EMIRA might reduce blood pressure, heart and respiratory rates, and chest pain.CONCLUSIONS EMIRA is a CI developed with methodological rigor. Future studies should evaluate the acceptability, feasibility, and efficacy of EMIRA.
Regional Differences and Spatial Evolutionary Characteristics of Common Prosperity of Rural Areas and Residents in China
Authors: Huang Yewei , Qiu Junqin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

As the gap between urban and rural areas in China continues to widen, the government has proposed the goal of bringing common prosperity to rural areas and residents according to Marxist humanitarian ideals. The common prosperity proposed by China is the overall prosperity of material and spiritual life. This study constructs a comprehensive index system to measure and evaluate the level of common prosperity of rural areas and residents in 30 provinces in China using the combined methods of entropy and principal component analysis. The data covered the national and provincial levels. Furthermore, this study uses the natural break and Terrell index decomposition methods to comprehensively evaluate the level of common prosperity of rural areas and residents in the seven major economic regions of China in 2020. To demonstrate the changing trends, this study analyses the dynamic evolution process and regional disparities in the common prosperity of rural areas and residents from 2011 to 2020. Using spatial econometric analyses, this study explores the overall clustering trends of the common prosperity of rural areas and residents in seven major economic regions in China. The results show that the overall level of common prosperity of rural areas and residents is rising at the national level; however, marked differences between provinces remain. Inequality between rural Chinese areas and rural residents is more acute in less economically developed regions. The problem is shifting from interregional to intraregional inequality, with obvious spatial differences. There is a clear positive spatial autocorrelation among most provinces in the seven economic regions and a significant spatial spillover effect in the Yangtze River Delta region.
Extracellular phase separation mediates storage and release of thyroglobulin in the thyroid follicular lumen
Authors: Knowles Tuomas , Yao Yihan , Erkamp Nadia , Sneideris Tomas , Yang Xiqiao , Scrutton Rob , Schneider Matthias , Fischer Charlotte , Schoenmakers Erik , Schoenmakers Nadia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Thyroid hormones are produced by the thyroid gland and are essential for regulating metabolism, growth and development. Maintenance of circulating thyroid hormone levels within an appropriate range is thus a prerequisite for health. In vivo, this objective is, at least in part, facilitated through an extracellular storage depot of thyroglobulin, the glycoprotein precursor for thyroid hormones, in the thyroid follicular lumen. The molecular basis for how soluble thyroglobulin molecules form such dense depot assemblies remains elusive. Here, we describe in vitro biophysical analysis of thyroglobulin phase behaviour, suggesting that thyroglobulin is prone to undergoing ionic strength-dependent phase separation, leading to the formation of liquid-like condensates. Fluorescence photobleaching measurements further show that these condensates age as a function of time to form reversible gel-like high density storage depots of thyroglobulin. Immunofluorescence experiments on mouse and human thyroid follicles ex vivo reveal that spherical globules of Tg protein dense phase are present in the follicular lumen, consistent with the idea that Tg undergoes phase separation. These findings reveal a molecular mechanism for the last-come-first-served process of thyroglobulin storage and release, suggesting a role for extracellular phase separation in thyroid hormone homeostasis by providing organizational and architectural specificity without requiring membrane-mediated confinement.
Exploring the Impact of CO2 Sequestration on Plastic Properties, Mechanical Performance, and Microstructure of Concrete
Authors: Pereira Clinton , Gupta Rishi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

In view of global warming, carbon sequestration techniques are being employed across the globe to minimize the damaging impact of greenhouse gases on the environment. Findings of ongoing research have shown that adding CO2 during the mixing or curing stage of concrete enhances its mechanical properties. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of CO2 addition during the mixing stage on the initial hydration and mechanical properties of concrete. Various CO₂ dosages, ranging from 0.1–1%, were injected during mixing to analyze fresh and hardened properties of concrete, and the test results were compared with the control mix. CO2 primarily reacts with calcium hydroxide in concrete to form calcium carbonate, thereby densifying its microstructure and improving its compressive strength by 10–20%. Thermal Pyrolysis tests, microscopy and infrared spectroscopy analysis indicated the presence of CaCO₃, thereby confirming the carbonation process. However, CO2 dosages above 0.5% by weight of cement resulted in a drop in the workability of fresh concrete, which was rectified by an additional dose of superplasticizer. The present research attempts to create a simplified CO2 sequestration process in concrete, develop a predictive model to estimate the compressive strength and use basic characterization techniques to identify the mineralization process. Findings from this research will provide simplified solutions to the construction industry that plans to implement CO2 sequestration in concrete.
Structural Dynamic Response of Simply Supported Beam Bridge of High-Speed Railway Based on Time-Dependency Deterioration of Concrete
Authors: Jia Baoxin , Xie Haiyang , Zhou Zhiyang , Yuan Wenya 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

To investigate the dynamic characteristics of simply-supported beam bridges in high-speed railways under long-term deterioration, the deterioration law of concrete strength, considering the combined effects of carbonation and freeze-thaw cycles, is analyzed based on time-varying concrete strength theory. The accuracy of the finite element model is validated by measuring and comparing the vibration signals of a two-lane simply-supported beam bridge on the Beijing-Shenyang high-speed railway. Subsequently, the frequency variability of mid-span box girder vibration signals and vibration energy is analyzed using local maximum synchrosqueezing transform, and the multifractal characteristics of the box girder vibration signals are further examined. The results indicate that vertical acceleration of the box girder and the top of the pier increased by 31.2% and 67.6%, respectively, as deterioration intensified. Additionally, the vibration frequency of the box girder decreased from 28 Hz to 25 Hz, suggesting a marked decline in structural stiffness. Simultaneously, the energy of the self-oscillating frequency near 8 Hz dispersed progressively over time. The width (Δα) of the multifractal spectrum increases gradually, reflecting more pronounced multifractal characteristics, while the waveform of the box girder vibration signals shifts from small to large wave peaks. These findings provide valuable insights for performance evaluation, safety monitoring, and maintenance of simply-supported beam bridges.