bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Elimination of Constitutional Court's Authority in The Dispute Case of General Election of Regional Head (Analysis of Decision of the Constitutional Court Number 97/PUU-XI/2013)
Authors: Chairnosia Jentel 
Published: February 2018

The enactment of Law Number 32 Year 2004 is a manifestation of the development ofadvanced democracy, namely all local chief elected directly by the people except the positionof the Governor of Yogyakarta. However, in its development, the implementation of theGeneral Elections of Regional Head gave rise to dissatisfaction which resulted in the appealof the results of the General Election to the court for various reasons. The presence of theConstitutional Court as an institution that resolved the dispute over the General Election ofRegional Heads has not been able to provide justice to the public, especially the emergenceof many Constitutional Court rulings that cause debate. In its development, the ConstitutionalCourt abolished its authority in the settlement of disputes in the General Election of RegionalHeads as stipulated in Decision Number 97 / PUU-XI / 2013. The Constitutional Court is ofthe opinion that the Constitutional Court only has the authority to resolve election disputes ofDPR, DPD, President/Vice President because the election is done nationally, while theelection is conducted in certain areas only. In addition, the volume of incoming cases relatedto election disputes more than the law review case which is the main authority of theConstitutional Court, so that this can affect the quality of the decisions of the ConstitutionalCourt considering the dispute resolution of the results of the General Election should beterminated within fourteen days. DOI: 10.15408/jch.v5i2.7090
Fluorescence fingerprints as a rapid predictor of the nutritional quality of processed and stored foods
Authors: Birlouez-Aragon I. , A Mas P. , Ait Ameur L. , Locquet N. , de St Louvent E. , Zude M. 
Published: February 2018

Foods are complex mixtures of macro- and micronutrients, which interact leading to oxidation, glycation and hydrolysis upon heating (sterilization, cooking) and storage. The nutritional quality and safety is consequently affected justifying the need for accurate monitoring of the evolution of the food composition during processing and in product shelf life. Classical chromatographic analysis as well as newly proposed rapid methods based on fluorescence spectrometry analyses are applied in the present study on (i) fresh and stored carrots, (ii) infant formula resembling model, (iii) heated rapeseed oil, and (iv) wheat biscuits. Fluorescence fingerprints addressing modifications in the product composition during processing were recorded and analyzed by means of chemometric methods. Fluorescence, recorded in a front-face mode on intact and crushed food, or product extracts, is very sensitive to pertinent physicochemical changes induced by heat treatment or storage. Results show the potential of non-destructively applied fluorescence spectrometry for measuring vitamin E in carrots, carboxymethyllysine in powdered infant formula models, polar compounds in rapeseed oil and hydroxymethylfurfural in biscuits. This paper presents the potential of fluorescence as a global approach of the quality of processed food.
Hydroxymethylfurfural: an indicative parameter of heat damage in cereal products
Authors: AitAmeur L. , Zude M. , Trystram G. , Birlouez-Aragon I. 
Published: February 2018

The main chemical changes occurring during biscuit cooking result from two complex reactions involving reducing sugars: the Maillard reaction and caramelisation, both of them being responsible for non enzymatic browning. These reactions were assessed by determinations of furosine (Fu), hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), and colour at different times (each 2 min) of the cooking process (10 min). The surface colour of biscuits was carried out with L* a* b* parameters, and the global browning development was measured by the reflectance of the whole biscuit in powder. Simultaneous formation of HMF, Fu and browning were investigated to evaluate the correlation between parameters during cooking and identify the best indicators of the biscuit quality. Fu was almost stable during the first 4 min before decreasing in the last 6 min. In contrast, HMF exponentially increased after 4 min, when the water activity reached 0.6. Reflectance was linearly correlated to cooking time and was well correlated to HMF. We conclude that HMF could be a useful indicator for controlling the cooking process of biscuits.
Effect of boiling on yellow onion quercetin (glucosides
Authors: Nemeth K. , K Piskula M. , Takacsova M. 
Published: February 2018

Flavonoids are a large group of secondary plant metabolites with hydroxyl groups. The flavonol quercetin is commonly found in onions. In the edible fleshy scales of yellow onions quercetin mono- and diglucosides are present. The aim of this work was to study quercetin glucosides during technological processing of yellow onion bulb. Onion was boiled in water under reflux for 30 min. The cooking was performed at three different onion/water ratios (1/5, 1/10, 1/20; w/w). The resulting soup, boiled onion solids and the control raw onion samples were lyophilised, extracted with ac. methanol and analysed for quercetin and its derivatives (3-β-D-glucoside, 4’-β-D-glucoside, 3,4’-β-D-glucoside) using HPLC-UV. Major flavonoid components identified in yellow onion were quercetin-4’-β-D-glucoside<br />and 3,4’-β-D-glucoside with a decreasing concentration from outer toward inner rings of the raw bulb. These substances were rapidly transferred into cooking water during thirty minutes boiling making the resulting soup a good source of flavonoids. The effect of water amount added on flavonoid concentration was followed.
Green and roasted coffee antiradical activity stability in chemical systems
Authors: Daglia M. , Papetti A. , Gazzani G. 
Published: February 2018

The stability to storage at different temperature and oxygen exposure of green and roasted coffee either as coffee beans or as ground coffee antiradical activity, was evaluated. The results showed that the coffee solution antihydroxyl radical activity was constant, independently from the coffee species, from the roasting process, and moreover from the type of storage conditions, suggesting that temperature and oxygen exposure did not affect this antiradical activity. With regard to antiperoxyl radical activity, all green coffee solutions showed remarkable and stable activity. Conversely, the roasted coffee beans and roasted and ground coffee antiperoxyl radical activity started to increase after three month of storage, suggesting that Maillard reaction products affect the stability of such antiradical property.
The effect of chemical modifications on rheological properties of collagen from of baltic cod (Gadus morhua) skin stabilized by interaction with κ-carrageenan
Authors: Tylingo R. , Sadowska M. 
Published: February 2018

The κ-carrageenan-collagen complex was precipitated by κ-carrageenan from solution of collagen sourced from Baltic cod (Gadus morhua) skin in 0.5M acetic acid. The influence of glutaraldehyde or EDC [1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride] concentration on rheological properties of κ-carrageen-collagen complex was examined. At 5 to 30mM glutaraldehyde content in 0.5 κ-carrageenan-collagen dispersion a rapid increase in its viscosity was observed, which remained unchanged over 120 min. Further increase in glutaraldehyde concentration to 30mM caused enhanced viscosity and shorten time of complex stability, which not exceed 45 min. The level of dispersion viscosity caused by glutaraldehyde cross-linking ranged from 70 to 420 mPa·s. For comparison, at EDC concentrations from 30 up to 180mM the viscosity of suspension changed after 200 min from 130–280 mPa·s. Glutaraldehyde not influenced on mechanical resistance of the membranes as well as elongation at the break. However, EDC cross-linking significantly increased the flexibility of the membranes and decreased the stress needed at break. It was observed that at 30 mM concentration of EDC the tensile strength of the membranes was reduced from about 21 MPa to 11 MPa, and the elongation at the break was enhanced from about 0.4 to 20%. At 60mM concentration of EDC the stress at break was reduced to 1.4 MPa, whereas the elongation at break was about 17%. Cross-linking of the membranes decreases their hydrophilic properties.
Nutritional changes of common oat (Avena sativa L.) and naked oat (Avena nuda L.) during germination
Authors: Gabrovská D. , Fiedlerová V. , Holasová M. , Mašková E. , Ouhrabková J. , Rysová J. , Winterová R. , Michalová A. 
Published: February 2018

Changes of basic nutrients (dry matter, ash, proteins, dietary fibre, fat, amino acids), vitamins (B1, B2, niacin, pantothenic acid, B6, C, E and carotenoids), minerals and some trace elements (K, Ca, Mg, P, Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn) during germination of common oat (species Auron) and naked oat (species Abel) were followed. Absorption of water caused decrease of dry matter. Content of protein in dry matter increased due the storage starch decomposition in germinating grains. Methionine was found to be the limiting amino acid. After 8 days of germination the fat content was approximately by 7% and 40% lower and dietary fibre content by 212% and 142% higher in naked oat and common oat, respectively (in dry matter). Content of vitamin B2, niacin, pantothenic acid, vitamin B6, vitamin C and carotenoids increased by 429, 282, 188, 172, 447 and 478%, resp. in naked oat. The increase in common oat was even higher, but with regard to lower original levels in dry grain, naked oat represented better source of vitamins. No significant changes were found in vitamin B1, vitamin E content showed slight decrease. Changes of minerals were more favourable in naked oat, increase of Ca, Mg, P, Zn, Fe and Cu between 23.7 and 60.7% of original value was observed. Contents of K and Mn were reduced in both tested oats.
Enzymatic changes in minimally processed apples
Authors: Schovánková J. , Cocci E. , Opatová H. , DallaRosa M. 
Published: February 2018

The impacts of chemical treatment and modified atmosphere on enzymatic changes in minimally processed apples were evaluated. Slices of apple cultivars Golden Delicious and Red Delicious were packed in plastic bags with modified atmospheres: 85% N<sub>2</sub>, 5% O<sub>2</sub>, 10% CO<sub>2</sub> (MA) and 78% N<sub>2</sub>, 21% O<sub>2</sub>, 1% other gases (NA). The changes in colour, firmness, polyphenoloxidase activity, total phenols content and concentration of single phenols during storage were measured. It has been found that the effects of storage atmosphere and antioxidant treatment were not as important as the choice of apple cultivar. Red Delicious is a cultivar with high concentration of phenolic compounds and high activity of polyphenoloxidase; therefore it is difficult to limit the very fast enzymatic changes and subsequent discoloration.
Effect of some refining steps on rapeseed oil triacylglycerol structures
Authors: Schmidt Š. , Vajdák M. , Sekretár S. , Koman V. 
Published: February 2018

Determination of fatty acids at sn-2 position in rapeeed oil triacylglycerols with low content of erucic acid is desribed. Oleic acid constitues of 48% of the fatty acids, linoleic acid 37.8%, linolenic acid 13.5%, and small amounts of the usual saturated acids make up the remainder. The effect of industrial alkali refining (degumming and neutralization), bleaching, deodorization and interesterification was studied. The use of different refining steps did not cause any or only mild triacylglycerol structure modification, other than interesterification, obviously.
Orta Kulak Patolojilerinin ve Bunlara Bağlı İşitme Kayıplarının Geçici Uyarılmış ve Distorsiyon Ürünü Otoakustik Emisyon Değerleri Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: SAĞIROĞLU Saime , KILIÇ Mehmet Akif 
Published: February 2018

Amaç: İletim tipi işitme kaybına neden olan orta kulak
patolojilerinin, geçici uyarılmış (TEOAE) ve distorsiyon ürünü (DPOAE) otoakustik emisyon cevapları üzerine
etkisini araştırmak ve bu olgulardan medikal tedavi ve/veya cerrahi tedavi
alanların, tedavi öncesi ve sonrası TEOAE ve DPOAE cevaplarını karşılaştırmak
ve ayrıca klinik odyometrik testlerle OAE testleri arasındaki korelasyonu
araştırmaktır.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Orta kulak problemine bağlı işitme kaybı olan 62
olgunun 107 kulağı çalışmaya alındı. Olguların 31’inde (61 kulak) efüzyonlu
otitis media (EOM), 18’inde (22 kulak) kronik otitis media (KOM), yedisinde (10
kulak) adeziv otitis media, dokuzunda (14 kulak) otoskleroz mevcuttu. İki
olgunun, tek kulağında KOM varken, diğer kulağında adeziv otitis media vardı.
Hastalara saf ses ve konuşma odyometrisi, impedans odyometrisi, TEOAE ve DPOAE
testleri uygulandı. Medikal ve cerrahi tedavi uygulanan olgulara yapılan
testler tekrarlandı.

Bulgular: Olguların ilk gelişlerinde yapılan ortalama saf ses
ortalaması (SSO) ile TEOAE değerleri arasında korelasyon olduğu görüldü (r=-
0,469, p= 0.00). Ortalama SSO ile 1500 Hz, 2000 Hz, 3000 Hz, 4000 Hz, 6000
Hz’lerde ölçülen DPOAE değerleri arasında, ters yönde anlamlı bir korelasyon
olduğu gözlendi (r=-0.356, p= 0.000; r=-0.305, p= 0.001; r=-0.427, p=0.000;
r=-0.238, p=0.000). Ortalama SSO ile 1000 Hz arasında korelasyon saptanmadı (p=
0.064). Farklı frekanslarda ölçülen DPOAE değerleri arasında, 1000 Hz’in diğer
frekanslar ile korelasyon göstermediği tespit edildi. Bin Hz’de ölçülen r ve p
değerleri 1500 Hz için 0,041 ve 0,675; 2000 Hz için -0,008 ve 0,933; 3000 Hz
için 0,186 ve 0,056; 4000 Hz için 0,051 ve 0,601; 6000 Hz için 0,003 ve 0,979
olarak bulundu. EOM’lı kulaklarda, medikal ve cerrahi tedavi öncesi kulakların
% 7’sinde tam TEOAE cevabı alınırken, medikal ve cerrahi tedavi sonrası bu
oranın % 41’e yükseldiği görüldü. Bu olgularda, tedavi sonrası DPOAE
cevaplarının ve amplitüdlerinin arttığı görüldü.Sonuç: DPOAE testi, yüksek frekanslarda daha güvenilir
sonuçlar vermekte olup, düşük frekanslarda özellikle 1000 Hz’de alınan
cevapların klinik değerlendirmede çok fazla öneminin olmadığı tespit edildi. Orta
kulak patolojilerinin ve orta kulakta basınç azalmasının OAE cevabını
azalttığını ve uygun bir tedavi ile iyileşmeye paralel olarak OAE cevabının
arttığı tespit edildi.
Poética, tradición y didáctica en las canciones de los mecedores
Authors: Gómez López Nieves 
Published: February 2018

Los cantos de mecedores son canciones tradicionales universales, que, dentro de la tradición folclórica de los pueblos hispánicos, no han sido muy estudiados. Este trabajo de investigación aporta un conjunto de etnotextos recopilados en los pueblos almerienses de Adra, Roquetas de Mar y Suflí, así como en Priego de Córdoba, Cádiz y Málaga, e intenta insertarlos dentro de una poética, una tradición y algunas propuestas didácticas que nos hagan conocer y comprender mejor una parte de la literatura oral bastante desconocida, además de recordar una parte del legado musical oral de nuestros antepasados que nos explica en cierto modo de dónde venimos.
Leadership Styles, Organisational Culture and Learning Organisational Capability in Education Industry: Evidence from Egypt
Authors: Dajani Maha Ahmed Zaki , Mohamad Mohamed Saad 
Published: February 2018

<p>We aim in this study to explore the interaction between three constructs: leadership style, organisational culture, and organisational learning capacity. In addition to that, we investigated the validity of this trio relationship in both public and private Egyptian universities situated in Greater Cairo area. A quota sampling procedure was used to recruit 298 academicians - 186 from public universities and 112 from private universities. Significant correlations were obtained between transformational and transactional leadership style and organisational learning capacity dimensions. However, the moderating effect of organisational culture in the relationship between leadership styles and organisational learning capacity was not reported. Lastly, researchers recommended to Egyptian leaders and decision makers the leadership style and culture type that may enhance the learning capacity in higher education institutes.</p>
Creative Accounting Practices at Satyam Computers Limited: A Case Study of India’s Enron
Authors: Bhasin Madan Lal 
Published: February 2018

<p>Satyam Computers were once the crown jewel of Indian IT industry, however, the debacle of Satyam raised a debate about the role of CEO in driving a company to the heights of success and its relation with the board members and core committees. The scam brought to the light the role of corporate governance (CG) in shaping the protocols related to the working of audit committees and duties of board members. The Satyam scam was a jolt to the market, especially to Satyam stockholders. This paper attempts an in-depth analysis of India’s Enron, Satyam Computer’s “creative-accounting” scandal. In public companies, this type of ‘creative’ accounting leading to fraud and investigations are, therefore, launched by the various governmental oversight agencies. The accounting fraud committed by the founders of Satyam in 2009 is a testament to the fact that “the science of conduct is swayed in large by human greed, ambition, and hunger for power, money, fame and glory.” Scandals have proved that “there is an urgent need for good conduct based on strong corporate governance, ethics and accounting &amp; auditing standards.” The Satyam scandal highlights the importance of securities laws and CG in emerging markets. Indeed, Satyam fraud “spurred the government of India to tighten the CG norms to prevent recurrence of similar frauds in future.” Thus, major financial reporting frauds need to be studied for ‘lessons-learned’ and ‘strategies-to-follow’ to reduce the incidents of such frauds in the future. The increasing rate of white-collar crimes “demands stiff penalties, exemplary punishments, and effective enforcement of law with the right spirit.”</p><h2> </h2>
Institutions and Development: Are some more critical than others? – A Panel Study of 50 countries from 2002 to 2011
Authors: Okpokwasili Bertram C.I. 
Published: February 2018

<p>Strong institutions are often viewed as part answers to Africa’s development dilemma. But given the resource constraints of many African countries, one would need to be selective as to which institution or institutions to commit scarce resources. An attempt to strengthen all institutions at the same time could be rather daunting. And many questions would remain. First, what is the relative importance of one institution to another? Second, whether all institutions exert an equal impact on comprehensive development as they do on economic growth. This paper on Institutions and Development, first published in 2007 tries to answer these questions. It has been modified (in the 2016 version) for three reasons- 1, to bring the data up to date, 2, to use a different and possibly more accurate econometric model (fixed effect) for the analysis and 3, to assess if the same institutions remain more critical than others, as observed in 2007. Even though the rule of law institution would seem, in this revised version, to have a slightly better impact on GDP/Capita, government effectiveness is still dominant in both non-differenced and differenced models, especially when comprehensive development is considered.</p><div><div><p> </p></div></div>
Challenges and Negative Effects of Divorce among Muslim Women in Northern Nigeria
Authors: Abdul Hamid Rafatu , Sanusi Imam Abdul Rahim Muhammad 
Published: February 2018

<p>The alarming explosion of divorce in our present times is a cause of great concern. In fact the divorce rate in Northern Nigeria is high and this is scandalous. The mention of the word (<em>Talaq</em>) divorce has now become so cheap that in some marriages, every argument futures this word, either the husband threatens with it or the wife demands it. Hence women are married and divorce at will for minor reasons. This paper is therefore an attempt to highlight some of the causes of rampant divorce and its negative impact on Muslim women in the northern part of Nigeria. Some <em>Shari’ah</em> court cases were also examined in other to find out whether the Judiciary is invulnerable to the problem of divorce among Muslim women in Northern Nigeria. The study reveals that the challenges and negative effects of divorce are usually much stronger on the woman and her off springs than the man. These ranges from psychological trauma, immoral behaviour, Economic hardship, denial of custody, etc. Using descriptive and analytical methods, this paper interprets Islamic teachings as enshrined in the Qur’an and <em>Sunnah</em> with a view to proffering Islamic solutions on them. The paper recommends among other things, that parents and intending spouses should endeavour to find out the level of Islamic knowledge, habit, character of suitors/wives to be, prior to the marriage in order to prepare adequately for a successful association.</p>
Indonesian Traditional Toys and the Development of Batik Motifs
Authors: Indrayana Bagus , Karju Karju , Yustana Prima 
Published: February 2018

<p>There is a wide array of traditional toys in Indonesia. In the past, traditional toys played an important role for skill and creativity development of children. Today, the position of traditional toys in the society is displaced by toys from large-scale manufacturers. Given the critical role of traditional toys for children’s motoric and social development, there is a need to develop media that can be used to promote these traditional products and strengthen their position in the public. We propose to use Batik as a way to effectively disseminate and promote traditional toys to the general public. Apart from this, using traditional toys to create new Batik motifs can have an economic value for the producers of Batik, promote Indonesian products and enrich the Indonesian Batik. This study aims to explore the variety of traditional toys, mainly from Klaten and Magelang, in the Central Java province of Indonesia, and use them as the basis for the development of Batik motif creation. This study used Trilogi Keseimbangan (or Harmony Trilogy) aesthetic theory analytical approach that explains the creation of craft consists of the following phases: exploration, design, and materialization. The creation method in this study adopts Tiga Tahap Enam Langkah (Three Phases, Six Steps) method offered in the theory. The finding in the field found that the traditional toys material used in Klaten and Magelang, mostly made from waste wood, plywood, and zinc. The manufacturing process is done manually by two or three craftsmen using a simple technology. The traditional toys are designed by the artisans mostly, although there may be designs from the clients. In addition, we also found that the traditional toys have never been used as a Batik motif. The traditional toys Batik motif presented in this work is researcher’s design. For the purposes of this study, we first research the variety of traditional toys available in the market today in Indonesia. We look into the process of creating these toys. Finally, we develop our own designs with the idea that these designs can be used in the creative industries, particularly in the business of batik.</p><p> </p>