bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ocular surface alterations and in vivo confocal microscopic characteristics of corneas in patients with myasthenia gravis
Authors: Erkan Turan Kadriye , Kocabeyoglu Sibel , Bekircan-Kurt Can Ebru , Bezci Figen , Erdem-Ozdamar Sevim , Irkec Murat 
Published: March 2018

Purpose: To evaluate ocular surface alterations and characteristics of corneal basal epithelium and subbasal nerves in patients with myasthenia gravis. Materials and methods: Myasthenia gravis patients (n = 21) and healthy controls (n = 20) were enrolled. All participants underwent ocular surface testing in the following order: tear break-up time, lissamine green staining, Schirmer I test with anesthesia, and Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire. The Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer was used to measure corneal sensitivity. Basal epithelial cells and subbasal nerves were evaluated using in vivo confocal microscopy. Results: Myasthenia gravis patients had higher Ocular Surface Disease Index score (13.9 ± 15.0 vs 1.4 ± 2.2, p < 0.001) and lissamine green staining score (0.6 ± 0.4 vs 0.2 ± 0.4, p = 0.007). Break-up time score (9.3 ± 3.0 vs 9.9 ± 1.9, p = 0.481) and Schirmer I test score (16.5 ± 9.2 vs 19.3 ± 8.4, p = 0.323) did not differ significantly. Corneal sensation was 0.4 g/mm2 in all eyes. Patients with myasthenia gravis had lower basal epithelial cell density (3775.7 ± 938.1 vs 4983.1 ± 608.5, p < 0.001) and total nerve density (1956.1 ± 373.3 vs 2277.9 ± 405.0, p = 0.012) and higher subbasal nerve tortuosity (1.9 ± 0.8 vs 1.6 ± 0.7, p = 0.007) than controls. A significant increase in Ocular Surface Disease Index scores was found with decreasing basal epithelial cell density (rho = −0.518, p = 0.001). There was a significantly moderate negative correlation between the duration of myasthenia gravis and the number of corneal nerves (rho = −0.497, p = 0.022). Conclusion: Significant alterations of basal epithelial cells and subbasal nerves were demonstrated in myasthenia gravis patients although there was no difference of corneal sensitivity between myasthenia gravis patients and healthy controls. Thus, it should be borne in mind that myasthenia gravis patients deserve further evaluation with regard to ocular surface disease.
Quantile regression: A short story on how and why
Authors: Waldmann Elisabeth 
Published: March 2018

Abstract: Quantile regression quantifies the association of explanatory variables with a conditional quantile of a dependent variable without assuming any specific conditional distribution. It hence models the quantiles, instead of the mean as done in standard regression. In cases where either the requirements for mean regression, such as homoscedasticity, are violated or interest lies in the outer regions of the conditional distribution, quantile regression can explain dependencies more accurately than classical methods. However, many quantile regression papers are rather theoretical so the method has still not become a standard tool in applications. In this article, we explain quantile regression from an applied perspective. In particular, we illustrate the concept, advantages and disadvantages of quantile regression using two datasets as examples.
Managing behavioural and psychological symptoms in community dwelling older people with dementia: 1. A systematic review of the effectiveness of interventions
Authors: Trivedi Daksha P , Braun Andreas , Dickinson Angela , Gage Heather , Hamilton Laura , Goodman Claire , Ashaye Kunle , Iliffe Steve , Manthorpe Jill 
Published: March 2018

Background Two-thirds of people living with dementia live at home in the UK and many experience distressing behavioural and psychological symptoms. This systematic review evaluates the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for behavioural and psychological symptoms among community-dwelling people living with dementia. Methods This two-stage review undertook an initial mapping of the literature followed by a systematic review of relevant randomised controlled trials. We searched electronic databases for pertinent studies reporting outcomes from interventions from January 2000 to March 2015 and updated searches in October 2016. We included studies that considered behavioural and psychological symptom management for older people living with dementia who live at home and excluded studies conducted in long-term care settings. This paper presents findings from a narrative synthesis of 48 randomised controlled trials evaluating interventions for people living with dementia alone, family carers alone and patient-carer dyads. Results We retrieved 17,871 de-duplicated records and screened them for potential inclusion. Evidence from 48 randomised controlled trials suggests that family carer training and educational programmes that target problem behaviours and potential triggers can improve outcomes. Nurses and occupational therapists appear to help people with dementia with behavioural and psychological symptoms, but professional comparisons are lacking and there is no shared language about or understanding of behavioural and psychological symptoms amongst professionals, or between professionals and family carers. Conclusions Future research should focus on the effectiveness of components of multi-faceted programmes and their cost effectiveness and include qualitative data to better target interventions for behavioural and psychological symptoms. It is important to consider family carer readiness to use non-pharmacological strategies and to develop a shared language about the inherent needs and communications of behavioural and psychological symptoms.
End-of-life care in UK care homes: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Spacey Adam , Scammell Janet , Board Michele , Porter Sam 
Published: March 2018

Background The number of people requiring end-of-life care provision in care homes has grown significantly. There is a need for a systematic examination of individual studies to provide more comprehensive information about contemporary care provision. Aim The aim of this study was to systematically review studies that describe end-of-life care in UK care homes. Method A systematic PRISMA review of the literature published between 2008 and April 2017 was carried out. A total of 14 studies were included in the review. Results A number of areas of concern were identified in the literature in relation to the phases of dying during end-of-life care: end-of-life pre-planning processes; understandings of end-of-life care; and interprofessional end-of-life care provision. Conclusions Given that the problems identified in the literature concerning end-of-life care of residents in care homes are similar to those encountered in other healthcare environments, there is logic in considering how generalised solutions that have been proposed could be applied to the specifics of care homes. Further research is necessary to explore how barriers to good end-of-life care can be mitigated, and facilitators strengthened.
Why has adult hippocampal neurogenesis had so little impact on psychiatry?
Authors: Liu Kathy Y. , Howard Robert 
Published: March 2018

SummaryHippocampal neurogenesis continues throughout adult life and potentially plays a crucial role in mood and cognitive disorders. We summarise the preclinical insights and potential translational steps that could be taken to investigate the role and importance of this phenomenon in disease and health in humans.Declaration of interestNone.
SUMO-specific proteases and isopeptidases of the SENP family at a glance
Authors: Kunz Kathrin , Piller Tanja , Müller Stefan 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
The ubiquitin-related SUMO system controls many cellular signaling networks. In mammalian cells, three SUMO forms (SUMO1, SUMO2 and SUMO3) act as covalent modifiers of up to thousands of cellular proteins. SUMO conjugation affects cell function mainly by regulating the plasticity of protein networks. Importantly, the modification is reversible and highly dynamic. Cysteine proteases of the sentrin-specific protease (SENP) family reverse SUMO conjugation in mammalian cells. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we will summarize how the six members of the mammalian SENP family orchestrate multifaceted deconjugation events to coordinate cell processes, such as gene expression, the DNA damage response and inflammation.
Tumor stiffness measured by quantitative and qualitative shear wave elastography of breast cancer
Authors: Song Eun Jee , Sohn Yu-Mee , Seo Mirinae 
Published: March 2018

Objective:
To correlate clinicoradiologic and pathological features of breast cancer with quantitative and qualitative shear wave elastographic parameters.

Methods:
82 breast cancers in 75 patients examined by B-mode ultrasound and shear wave elastography (SWE) were included. SWE parameters including quantitative factors [maximum elasticity (Emax), mean elasticity (Emean), elasticity ratio (Eratio) and standard deviation (SD)] and qualitative factor (color pattern) were correlated with clinicoradiologic and pathological features using univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses.

Results:
Presence of symptoms and larger tumor size on ultrasound were significantly associated with higher Emax, Emean, Eratio, and SD (all p &lt; 0.05) on univariate analysis. Older age was significantly correlated with higher Emax and Emean (p = 0.026, 0.018). Lymphovascular invasion and larger pathologic size were significantly associated with higher Emax (p = 0.036, 0.043) and SD (p &lt; 0.001, 0.019). No immunohistochemical biomarkers were significantly correlated with SWE parameters. There was no significant correlation between color pattern and any variable. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the symptom, tumor size on ultrasound and lymphovascular invasion were independent factors that influenced the SWE values.

Conclusion:
Tumor stiffness as measured by SWE and B-mode ultrasound could help predict cancer prognosis.

Advances in knowledge:
Clinicoradiologic factors had correlation with quantitative and qualitative SWE parameters. Using SWE parameters and B-mode ultrasound, we can predict breast cancer prognosis.
Nutritional therapy and caloric achievement within the first week of PICU admission
Authors: Yunita Melia , Rusmawatiningtyas Desy , Widowati Titis 
Published: March 2018

Background Nutritional therapy is an important aspect in managing PICU patients. Careful decisions should be made regarding initiation, route of administration, and achievement based on caloric requirements. Many conditions could affect the application of nutritional therapy.Objective To investigate the implementation of nutritional therapy during the 1st week after PICU admission.Methods We conducted a retrospective study involving 156 children aged 1 month-18 years who were hospitalized for at least 4 days in the PICU during the period of January 1st, 2015 to December 31st, 2015. Subjects were divided into three groups according to initiation time of caloric administration, which were: category I (within the first 24 hours of PICU admission), category II (within the first 25-48 hours of PICU admission), and category III: (more than 48 hours after PICU admission). Caloric requirement was calculated using the Caldwell or Schofield formula, whilst caloric achievement was figured up from PICU daily monitoring sheets containing nutritional therapy given to the subjects.Results Of 131 subjects, 72 (55%) had good nutritional status and 59 (45%) children had malnutrition. Caloric administration was initiated within 24 hours of admission in 101 (77.1%) patients, of whom 90 (89.1%) patients received enteral feeding. Nineteen (14.5%) patients received their initial calories within 25-48 hours of admission, with 16 (84.2%) using the enteral route. At the 4th and 7th days of hospitalization, 93 (71%) and 107 (81.7%) patients achieved >70% of their caloric requirements. Delays in feeding initiation were due to shock, gastrointestinal bleeding, inotropic support, and feeding intolerance, which reduced caloric achievement.Conclusion Most patients receive nutritional therapy in the first 48 hours after PICU admission and achieve >70% of their caloric requirements at the 4th day of hospitalization. The enteral route is preferred. Delayed initiation of nutritional therapy reduce caloric achievement.
Anak dan Pendidikan Ruhiyah dalam Keluarga (Studi Pemikiran Khalid Ahmad Al-Syantut)
Authors: Umar Suhairi 
Published: March 2018

Like an adult, in general a child has several senses of humanity (spiritual, intellectual, physical, and social) that each sense should acquire proper education. This paper discusses the spiritual education should be done by the family for children. The way offered by Khalid Ahmad al-Syantut can be used as a reference for educating the children's spiritual. The aspect of spiritual ideally is placed on the main priority in educating children, as the sense of spiritual has prominent role in strengthening the other senses of humanity. A strong soul will produce positive energy. On the contrary, a weak soul will weaken the whole other senses of humanity.[Anak seperti manusia dewasa pada umumnya memiliki beberapa sisikemanusiaan dalam dirinya (ruhiyah, fikriyah, jasadiyah, dan ijtimaiyyah). Dimana setiap sisiharus mendapatkan pendidikan yang tepat dan benar. Tulisan ini membahas tentang pendidikan ruhiyah bagi anak yangseharusnya dilakukan oleh keluarga.Cara yang ditawarkan oleh Khalid Ahmad al-Syantut bisa dijadikan salah satu rujukan dalam mendidik sisi ruhiyah anak. Aspek ruhiyahidealnya ditempatkan pada prioritas pertama dalam mendidik anak,karena sisi ruhiyah memiliki peran yang sangat sentral dalam menguatkan sisi kemanusian yang lain. Ruh yang kuat akan menebarkan energi positif. Sebaliknya ruh yang lemah akan melemahkan seluruh sisi kemanusian lainnya.]
Recovery of signal loss adopting the residual bootstrap method in fetal heart rate dynamics
Authors: Lee Sun-Kyung , Park Young-Sun , Cha Kyung-Joon 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Fetal heart rate (FHR) data obtained from a non-stress test (NST) can be presented in a type of time series, which is accompanied by signal loss due to physical and biological causes. To recover or estimate FHR data, which is subjected to a high rate of signal loss, time series models [second-order autoregressive (AR(2)), first-order autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (ARCH(1)) and empirical mode decomposition and vector autoregressive (EMD-VAR)] and the residual bootstrap method were applied. The ARCH(1) model with the residual bootstrap technique was the most accurate [root mean square error (RMSE), 2.065] as it reflects the nonlinearity of the FHR data [mean absolute error (MAE) for approximate entropy (ApEn), 0.081]. As a result, the goal of predicting fetal health and identifying a high-risk pregnancy could be achieved. These trials may be effectively used to save the time and cost of repeating the NST when the fetal diagnosis is impossible owing to a large amount of signal loss.
The Art of Accepting: Ageing-as-art in Max Frisch’s Der Mensch erscheint im Holozän and Lars Gustafsson’s En kakelsättares eftermiddag
Authors: Friberg Ingemar 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
One of Lars Gustafsson’s closest friends among writers in the German language was Max Frisch, whose work Gustafsson admired. In this comparative reading of Frisch’s Der Mensch erscheint im Holozän (1979) and Gustafsson’s En kakelsättares eftermiddag (1991) the latter is examined as an elaborated response to Frisch’s text. The influence of Martin Heidegger’s philosophy on Frisch’s Stiller (1954), Homo faber (1957) and Mein Name sei Gantenbein (1964) has been explored in previous scholarship. In the following reading of Frisch’s novel, Heidegger’s Der Ursprung des Kunstwerkes is also pointed out as an influence. This influence on Frisch’s text is also one of the subjects of the response we find in Gustafsson’s novel. Thus, in the concluding segment of this article Heidegger’s essay is a key text when understanding how Frisch’s novel is absorbed into Gustafsson’s.
Towards the Development of THz-Sensors for the Detection of African Trypanosomes
Authors: Knieß Robert , Wagner Carolin B. , Ulrich Göringer H. , Mueh Mario , Damm Christian , Sawallich Simon , Chmielak Bartos , Plachetka Ulrich , Lemme Max 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHuman African trypanosomiasis (HAT) is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) for which adequate therapeutic and diagnostic measures are still lacking. Causative agent of HAT is the African trypanosome, a single-cell parasite, which propagates in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid of infected patients. Although different testing methods for the pathogen exist, none is robust, reliable and cost-efficient enough to support large-scale screening and control programs. Here we propose the design of a new sensor-type for the detection of infective-stage trypanosomes. The sensor exploits the highly selective binding capacity of nucleic acid aptamers to the surface of the parasite in combination with passive sensor structures to allow an electromagnetic remote read-out using terahertz (THz)-radiation. The short wavelength provides a superior interaction with the parasite cells than longer wavelengths, which is essential for a high sensitivity. We present two different sensor structures using both, micro- and nano-scale elements, as well as different measurement principles.
EU Company Law: Past, Present and … Future?
Authors: Gorriz Carlos 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAs 2018 marks the 50th anniversary of the approval of the first Directive on EU Company Law, it is a good time to review its past and present in order to assess whether its foreseeable future meets the needs of European enterprises. The study of the evolution of EU Company Law demonstrates that its evolution has been discontinuous. It started with a lot of ambition, but suffered a crisis that conditioned its future development: regulated issues were considerably restricted, legal instruments were extended and legislative technique was modified, essentially to circumvent the reservations of the Member States. It could seem that these changes are working, because the Action Plan 2012 is starting to bear fruits. Three legal rules have been approved and several projects are underway. Nonetheless, there are reasons to doubt whether EU Company Law is meeting its objectives: the impact of the new legal rules is minimal, the future of the project is uncertain and, although the bureaucratic burdens have been reduced, there are various needs of European firms, especially those of SMEs, that have not been yet satisfied.
Vergleiche von Zitaten, Downloads und Lesehäufigkeiten
Authors: Schlögl Christian , List Roland 
Published: March 2018

Zusammenfassung
Im vorliegenden Beitrag untersuchen wir die Beziehung zwischen Zitaten, Downloads und sog. Lesehäufigkeiten des sozialen Literaturverwaltungssystems „Mendeley“ anhand der beiden Volkswirtschaftslehre-Zeitschriften „Journal of Environ­mental Economics and Management“ und „Journal of Financial Economics“. Trotz Ähnlichkeiten bei den Häufig­keitsverteilungen, konnten wir großteils nur mittlere (Rang)Korrelationen zwischen den drei Zeitschriftenindikatoren berechnen. In den drei Top-10 Rankings kam es zur Überschneidung von nur drei Publikationen. Deutliche Unterschiede gibt es bei den Alters- und Nutzerstrukturen. Während der Großteil der Mendeley-Nutzer Studierende sind, ist der Anteil der Professoren relativ gering. Durch die Mendeley-Profile kann ermittelt werden, aus welchen Disziplinen die Leser einer Zeitschrift kommen. Dies lässt vor allem bei interdisziplinären Zeitschriften wie „Journal of Financial Economics“ interessante Rückschlüsse zu. Ähnlich wie bei Zitaten, gibt es auch bei Downloads und Lesehäufigkeiten disziplinspezifische Unterschiede.
The Evolution of Intracardiac Hemodynamics Post Autologous Stem Cell Transplant in a Case of Multiple Myeloma Associated with Severe Tricuspid and Mitral Valve Insufficiency
Authors: Tudor Cezara-Iuliana , Lázár Erzsébet , Găzdac Marius-Vasile , Pakucs Annamária , Mild Eszter , Köpeczi Judit-Beáta , Kakucs Enikő , Benedek István , Benedek István 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can divide and become differentiated. Hematopoietic stem cells cannot transform into new stem cells such as cardiomyocytes or new heart valves, but they act through paracrine effects, by secreting cytokines and growth factors that lead to an increase in contractility and overall improved function. In this case report, we present how autologous stem cell transplantation can bring two major benefits: the first refers to hematological malignancy and the second is about the improvement of the heart condition. We present the case of a 60-year-old patient diagnosed with multiple myeloma suffering from a bi-valve severe condition in which autologous stem cell transplantation led to the remission of the patient’s malignant disease and also improved the heart function.
Securitization and Lithuania’s National Security Change
Authors: Karpavičiūtė Ieva 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The paper addresses the security threat perception and securitization of existential threats in Lithuania. It focuses upon the securitization theory and its ability to explain the change of national security agendas as affected by the changes in national identity and existential security threats. It takes into account the internal and external factors that are shaping the objective and subjective national threat perception. The paper applies O. Waever’s securitization theory with an aim to explain how the national security threats are being addressed and perceived in Lithuania. Moreover, the paper is developed against the backdrop of the most recent developments in securitization theory and evolution of its theoretical perceptions of identity, existential threats, and legitimacy. It also discusses the possibility of inclusion of hybrid security threats into an analysis of securitization. The empirical part of the article assesses the most recent security challenges, provides evaluation of changes in national security perception, and portrays the dynamics of national security threats as defined in the National Security Strategies and the Military Doctrine. The paper focuses upon the most recent dynamics in security policy of Lithuania. It also takes into account the hybrid nature of security threats and the reaction to hybrid security elements such as: cyber security, information security, and international terrorism.
Lie n superderivations and generalized Lie n superderivations of superalgebras
Authors: Yuan He , Chen Liangyun 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
In the paper, we study Lie n superderivations and generalized Lie n superderivations of superalgebras, using the theory of functional identities in superalgebras. We prove that if A = A
0 ⊕ A
1 is a prime superalgebra with deg(A
1) ≥ 2n + 5, n ≥ 2, then any Lie n superderivation of A is the sum of a superderivation and a linear mapping, and any generalized Lie n superderivation of A is the sum of a generalized superderivation and a linear mapping.