bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilization of Apatinib-Loaded Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Ocular Neovascularization
Authors: Halasz Kathleen , Kelly Shannon J. , Iqbal Muhammad Tajwar , Pathak Yashwant , Sutariya Vijaykumar 
Published: October 2018

Background:
The current treatment of ocular neovascularization requires frequent intravitreal
injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents that cause severe side effects.

Objective:
The purpose of this study is to prepare and characterize a novel nanoscale delivery system of
apatinib for ocular neovascularization.
</P><P>
Methods: The optimized formulation showed a particle size of 135.04 nm, polydispersity index (PDI)
of 0.28 &#177; 0.07, encapsulation efficiency (EE) of 65.92%, zeta potential (ZP) of -23.70 &#177; 8.69 mV, and
pH of 6.49 &#177; 0.20. In vitro release was carried out to demonstrate a 3.13-fold increase in the
sustainability of apatinib-loaded nanoparticles versus free apatinib solution.
</P><P>
Result: Cell viability and VEGFA and VEGFR2 expression were analyzed in animal retinal pigment
epithelial (ARPE-19) cells.

The results confirmed the hypothesis that apatinib nanoparticles decreased toxicity (1.36 &#177;
0.74 fold) and efficient VEGF inhibition (3.51 &#177; 0.02 fold) via VEGFR2 mediation.
Docking Studies of Curcumin and Analogues with Various Phosphodiesterase 4 Subtypes
Authors: Yi Yau Xin , Gaurav Anand , Akowuah Gabriel A. 
Published: October 2018

Introduction:
The primary aim of this study is to understand the binding of curcumin
and its analogues to different PDE4 subtypes and identify the role of PDE4 subtype inhibition in
the anti-inflammatory property of curcumin. Docking analysis has been used to acquire the above
mentioned structural information and this has been further used for designing of curcumin derivatives
with better anti-inflammatory activity.

Materials and Methods:
Curcumin and its analogues were subjected to docking using PDE4A,
PDE4B, PDE4C and PDE4D as the targets. A data set comprising 18 analogues of curcumin, was
used as ligands for docking of PDE4 subtypes. Curcumin was used as the standard for comparison.
Docking was performed using AutoDock Vina 1.1.2 software integrated in LigandScout 4.1. During
this process water molecules were removed from proteins, charges were added and receptor
structures were minimised by applying suitable force fields. The docking scores were compared,
and the selectivity of compounds for PDE4B over PDE4D was calculated as well.

Results:
All curcumin analogues used in the study showed good binding affinity with all PDE4
subtypes, with evident selectivity towards PDE4B subtype. Analogue A11 provides the highest
binding affinity among all ligands.

Conclusion:
Curcumin and analogues have moderate to strong affinity towards all PDE4 subtypes
and have evident selectivity towards PDE4B. The Oxygen atom of the methoxy group plays a key
role in PDE4B binding and any alterations could interfere with the binding. Tetrahydropyran side
chain and heterocyclic rings are also suggested to be helpful in PDE4B binding.
Shade Stability of Polymer-Infiltrated and Resin Nano Ceramics
Authors: Schürmann Martin Gabriel , Olms Constanze 
Published: October 2018

Background:
The esthetics plays an increasingly significant role in today's dentistry.

Objective:
The objective was to investigate the shade stability of a polymer-infiltrated and a resin nano ceramic in comparison to a conventional feldspar ceramic and an acrylate polymer.

Methods:
20 specimens of each of the materials, CAD-Temp (CT), Mark II (M), VITA Enamic (VE) and Lava Ultimate (LU), were prepared using the standard method. These were divided into groups (n=5) and placed in the following stain solutions: Distilled water, coffee, Coca-Cola and red wine for 14 days. The shade of each specimen was measured before and after using a spectrophotometer (n=5). The data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's test (p ≤ 0.05).

Results:
The largest ΔE mean values were observed in CT by Coca-Cola (4.38 ± 0.41), in M by coffee (5.95 ± 0.62), in VE (6.02 ± 0.78) and LU (8.61 ± 0.30) by red wine. LU had the largest and strongest overall shade differences (total score: SSC=16.95) and CT the least (SSC=8.74). Overall shade differences of VE (SSC=12.03) and M (SSC=12.48) were statistically indistinguishable. After 14 days, only Coca-Cola caused clinically relevant shade differences in CT (ΔE > 2.7); this was also caused by coffee, Coca-Cola and red wine in M and coffee and red wine in VE and LU.

Conclusion:
On average, VE showed fewer shade differences than LU. After 14 days of immersion, shade differences which exceeded the clinical acceptance threshold of ΔE=2.7 were shown by CT in Coca-Cola, by M in coffee, Coca-Cola and red wine, and by VE and LU in coffee and red wine.
Redox State of Human Serum Albumin and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Hemodialysis Patients with Secondary Hyperparathyroidism During Oral Calcitriol Supplementation for Vitamin D
Authors: Nasif Wesam A. , Mukhtar Mohammed H. , El-Emshaty Hoda M. , Alwazna Ahmed H. 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Hemodialysis (HD) patients with secondary Hyperparathyroidism (s-HPT) are exposed to increased inflammation and oxidative stress. In HD patients, oxidized albumin is a reliable marker of oxidative stress and its clinical significance has been rarely studied.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to evaluate Cys34 Human Serum Albumin (HSA) as oxidative stress biomarker in HD patients with s-HPT and its relationship with inflammation on bone turnover markers during oral calcitriol supplementation for vitamin D.

Patients and Methods:
Fifteen stable hemodialysis patients with s-HPT (mean age 48.67±8.15, 11 males and 4 females) were used in the experiment to receive calcitriol treatment for 16 weeks (0.25mcg or 0.5 mcg once a day according to serum level of Ca and P for each). The changes in the serum biochemical parameters (Ca, P, ALP, and iPTH), inflammatory markers (CRP and IL-6 levels) and serum oxidative stress condition (SOD, IS and albumin ratio HNA/HMA) were evaluated before and at 8 and 16 weeks of calcitriol treatment. The correlations between those factors were studied.

Results:
All patients responded to oral calcitriol therapy, with a significant decrease in the serum iPTH. The results showed that calcitriol could effectively suppress iPTH secretion with a significant elevation of serum Ca and P but ALP remained unchanged during the study. It can also effectively reduce the inflammatory markers (CRP and IL-6), while increasing the oxidative markers (SOD and IS). Oxidative albumin ratio HNA/HMA showed a significant (p=0.001) reduction after 16 weeks of calcitriol treatment and the redox state of HSA showed a positive prediction for hyperparathyroidism and for inflammation.

Conclusion:
The redox state of HSA could be used as a predictor for monitoring hyperparathyroidism and inflammation during calcitriol treatment by retarding albumin oxidation in HD patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism.
Influence of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Application on Bulb Yield and Yield Components of Onion (Allium Cepa L.)
Authors: Tekeste Negasi , Dechassa Nigussie , Woldetsadik Kebede , Dessalegne Lemma , Takele Abuhay 
Published: October 2018

Introduction:Onion is an important cash crop for smallholder farmers in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia. However, the yield of the crop is low owing to a number of constraints out of which soil nutrient depletion and inappropriate soil fertility management practices are the most important ones.Methods and Materials:A field experiment was carried out for two consecutive years of 2011 and 2012 using irrigation at Melkassa, Central Rift Valley Region of Ethiopia, to assess the response of onion to different levels of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers and to identify economical rates of the fertilizers for optimizing the yield and quality of the crop. The treatments consisted of five levels of nitrogen (0, 34.5, 69, 103.5 and 138 kg ha-1) and four levels of phosphorus (0, 46, 92, and 138 kg P2O5ha-1). The experiment was carried out as a randomized complete block design in a factorial arrangement with three replications.Results:The results of the study revealed that the main effect of nitrogen significantly (P≤0.05) affected most of the growth parameters and bulb characters which all attained maximum values at 138 kg N ha-1. The main effect of P significantly (P ≤ 0.05) influenced leaf number, leaf length, and bulb diameter. Nitrogen and phosphorus interacted to influence total and marketable bulb yields. Application of N at the rate of 103.5 kg N ha-1combined with 138 kg ha-1P2O5led to the production of the highest total and marketable bulb yield of onion. However, results of the economic analysis revealed that application of N at the rate of 103.5 kg ha-1and P2O5at 92 kg ha-1led to the highest net return.
Polymorphisms of Aldose Reductase (ALR2) Regulatory Gene are Risk Factors for Diabetic Retinopathy in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Wihandani Desak Made , Suastika Ketut , Agus Bagiada I Nyoman , Malik Safarina G. 
Published: October 2018

Aim:The study aimed to elucidate whether the polymorphisms of the aldose reductase regulatory gene were risk factors for Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) in type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in Bali.Methods:This is a case-control study including 35 cases of T2DM patients with DR paired with 35 cases with non-DR as controls. PCR analysis and DNA-sequencing were carried out to detect the C(-106)T and C(-12)G polymorphisms at the regulatory region of Aldose Reductase (ALR2) gene. Genotype and allele distributions were analyzed by Chi-squared test and independent t-and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to analyze other data.Results:Among all subjects in both groups, the baseline characteristics were homogenous except for systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and 2-hours post-prandial blood glucose. This study found two polymorphisms, C(-104)T and C(-9)G, in the regulatory region of ALR2 gene. The result showed that the C(-104)T polymorphism was a risk factor for DR (OR=36; 95% CI = 4.43-292.85;p=0.001), but not the C(-9)G polymorphism (OR=1.28; 95% CI=0.48-3.38;p=0.621). Other findings in the study revealed that CC/CC haplotype is a protective factor for DR (OR=0.198;p=0.002), whereas CT/CC and CT/CG haplotypes as risk factors for DR with OR=15.58;p=0.002 and OR=2.29;p=0.005 respectively.Conclusion:It can be concluded that C(-104)T polymorphism in the regulatory region of Aldose Reductase (ALR2) gene was the risk factor for DR among T2DM patients in Bali, Indonesia. However, small sample size, systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and 2-hours post-prandial blood glucose could affect our finding.
A Schema Therapy–Based eHealth Program for Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder (priovi): Naturalistic Single-Arm Observational Study
Authors: Jacob Gitta Anne , Hauer Andrea , Köhne Sandra , Assmann Nele , Schaich Anja , Schweiger Ulrich , Fassbinder Eva 
Published: October 2018

Background
Electronic health (eHealth) programs have been found to be effective in treating many psychological conditions. However, regarding borderline personality disorder (BPD), only a few eHealth programs have been tested, involving small interventions based on the dialectical behavior therapy treatment approach. We investigated priovi, a program based on the schema therapy (ST) approach. priovi is considerably more comprehensive than prior programs, offering broad psychoeducation content and many therapeutic exercises.

Objective
We tested the acceptability and feasibility of priovi in 14 patients with BPD as an add-on to individual face-to-face ST.

Methods
Patients received weekly individual ST and used priovi over a period of 12 months. We assessed BPD symptom severity using self-reported and interview-based measures. Qualitative interviews were conducted with both patients and therapists to assess their experiences with priovi.

Results
BPD symptoms improved significantly (Cohen d=1.0). Overall, qualitative data showed that priovi was positively received by both patients and therapists. Some exercises provoked mild anxiety; however, no serious threat to safety was detected.

Conclusions
priovi is a potentially helpful and safe tool that could support individual ST. It needs to be further tested in a randomized controlled study.

Trial Registration
German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00011538; https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do? navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00011538 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/74jb0AgV8)
Gamified Cognitive Bias Modification Interventions for Psychiatric Disorders: Review
Authors: Zhang Melvyn , Ying Jiangbo , Song Guo , Fung Daniel SS , Smith Helen 
Published: October 2018

Background
Automatic biases, such as attentional biases and avoidance and interpretative biases, have been purported to be responsible for several psychiatric disorders. Gamification has been considered for cognitive bias modification, mainly to address the core issues of diminishing motivation to train over time, as bias modification intervention tasks tend to be highly repetitive. While a prior review has suggested how gamification strategies could be applied to such tasks, there remains a lack of systematic evaluation of gamified cognitive bias modification interventions in the literature.

Objective
The objective of this review is to understand the overall effectiveness of a gamified approach for cognitive bias modification and inform future research that seeks to integrate gamification technologies into existing conventional bias modification interventions.

Methods
To identify the relevant articles for our review, the following search terminologies were used: (“cognitive bias” OR “attention bias” OR “interpret* bias” OR “approach bias” OR “avoidance bias”) AND (“training” OR “modification” OR “practice” OR “therapy”) AND (“gamification” OR “game elements” OR “game” OR “gaming” OR “game mechanics”). PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Scopus databases were searched systematically for articles published after 2000. Articles were included if they described a gamified cognitive bias modification task and included participants with underlying psychopathological symptoms. Data were systematically extracted from the identified articles, and a qualitative synthesis was performed.

Results
Four studies evaluated gamified cognitive bias modification interventions. Two studies included participants with anxiety symptoms, one with affective symptoms, and one with alcohol problems. The conventional visual probe task paradigm was used in 3 studies, and the attentional visual search task paradigm was used in the last study. We found gaming elements incorporated to include that of animations, sounds, feedback, and a point-scoring system for response time and difficulty. Of the 4 identified studies, only 2 reported their gamified interventions to be effective.

Conclusions
Our review is the first to systematically synthesize the evidence for gamified cognitive bias modification interventions. The results arising from our review should be considered in the future design and conceptualization of gamified cognitive bias modification interventions.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
RR2-10.2196/10154
The Gravity and Photons
Authors: Georgallides Markos 
Published: October 2018

<p><em>One of the most important concept in geometry is, <strong>distance</strong>, which is the Quanta in geometry, while in Material-Geometry the composition of opposites, <strong>the Material-point</strong> which is the Quanta in Chemistry and Physics. <strong>As in Algebra</strong> Zero, 0, is the <strong>Master-key</strong> number for all Positive and Negative numbers and this because their sum and multiplication becomes zero, and the same on any coordinate-system where ± axes pass from zero, <strong>Exists also Apriori in Geometry the Material-Point</strong> in where the Rolling of Positive </em><em>?</em><em>,</em><em> constituent on the Negative </em><em>?</em><em>, constituent</em><em>, creates the Neutral Material point which Equilibrium. </em><em>Angular momentum is identical with <strong>Spin </strong></em><em>and consists the <strong>First-Discrete-Energy-monad</strong> which occupies, <strong>Discrete Value and Direction</strong>, in contradiction to the point which is nothing, Dimensionless and without any Direction. </em></p><p><em>From the definition, Work = motion<strong> = Force </strong>x<strong> Displacement = Energy</strong>,<strong> </strong>results the where this Energy as, Momentum Vector</em> <em>? Spin ? Energy is stored, and it is the,<strong> r</strong> cave. </em><em></em></p><p><em>It was proved that, the <strong>r</strong> cave ? <strong>The Particle</strong>, <strong>IS</strong>, Outward a Stationary <strong>Box,</strong> Inward a Stationary <strong>Wave</strong> with infinite </em><em>frequencies </em> <em>...</em> <em>?</em> <em>and with Energy, <strong>The Wave,</strong></em><em> </em><em>E = h.</em> <em> </em><em>= (n?/8r²).</em> <em> [70]. </em><em>In all above </em><em>issue the </em><em>Kepler-laws, denoting that both Macrocosm and Microcosm Obey the Newton’s Laws of motion in all Scales.</em><em></em></p>
Editorial
Authors: Kelly Gomes Carneiro Tereza 
Published: October 2018

Iniciamos o mês de agosto com a divulgação de um Ofício (nº 245/2018-GAB/PR/CAPES) em que o presidente da Fundação CAPES-Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior , o Dr. Abílio A. Baeta Neves, informava ao Ministro da Educação o risco de paralização de várias, importantes e impactantes ações de pesquisa no país, por conta de um corte orçamentário realizado a revelia das recomendações da Fundação.
Essa notícia negativa e tão impactante poderia ser o norte de escrita deste editorial. Mas, optei por escrever um texto que não focasse em questões negativas, uma vez que já temos tantas divulgadas em todos os meios de comunicação. Creio que a sociedade, de certa forma, já está considerando notícias ruins como algo “esperado”, algo “comum”, que já não deve impactar a ninguém.
Ademais, ainda tem o fato de esse ser o meu primeiro editorial, estou em pura energia de gratidão e felicidade, logo é essa a perspectiva que desejo deixar como marca desse começo. E ainda bem, não serei apontada como “Alice”, pois vários fatos positivos estão acontecendo neste momento que me possibilitam relatos animadores.
High Prevalence of Psoriatic Arthritis in a Cohort of Patients with Psoriasis Seen in a Dermatology Practice
Authors: Khraishi Majed , Chouela Edgardo , Bejar Michelle , Landells Ian , Hewhook Trevor , Rampakakis Emmanouil , Sampalis John S. , Abouchehade Kassem 
Published: October 2018

Background/Objectives: The prevalence of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is expected to range from 5 to 40% in individuals with psoriasis. The objective of this study was to quantify the prevalence of PsA in psoriasis patients seen in a dermatology practice and to define their characteristics using the validated Psoriatic Arthritis Screening Questionnaire (PASQ). Methods: Patients with definite plaque psoriasis (as determined by a dermatologist) completed the self-administered PASQ tool, and patients with a score ≥ 7 or ≥ 9 were assessed by a rheumatologist to ascertain the diagnosis of PsA according to the CASPAR (Classification Criteria for Psoriatic Arthritis) criteria. Results: Using a PASQ cutoff of 7, the estimated prevalence (95% CI) of PsA was 40.9% (29.0–52.8%), whereas a prevalence (95% CI) of 36.4% (24.8–48.0%) was estimated when a PASQ cutoff of 9 was used. Conclusion: Our estimated prevalence of PsA in psoriasis patients from a population of patients drawn from a dermatology practice is greater than most previous estimates. This finding illustrates the importance of screening for PsA in psoriasis patients as this comorbidity may affect the course of treatment and, if left untreated, may have a profound effect on the disability and quality of life of a large number of psoriasis patients.
Are rare velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) to feed on extrafloral nectar?
Authors: Calixto Eduardo Soares , Sousa-Lopes Bruno , Del-Claro Kleber 
Published: October 2018

The family Mutillidae (Hymenoptera) is represented by solitary aculeate wasps with high sexual dimorphism. The adult females are wingless and usually immature parasitoids of other insects and males are most often winged and generally feed on nectar. There are few records in the literature of adults of mutillidae wasps feeding on extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) and still less in Brazil. Here, we report six fortuitous observations of mutillid wasps feeding on extrafloral nectar and their behavior in different plants in a reserve of cerrado sensu stricto, in Uberlândia, Brazil. We observed six species of mutillid wasps: Traumatomutilla sp. and Traumatomutilla latevittata feeding on EFNs of Stryphnodendron polyphyllum, Hoplocrates sp. feeding on the EFNs of Eriotheca gracilipes,Timulla sp. feeding on the EFNs of Banisteriopsis malifolia, Hoplomutilla sp. feeding on the EFNs of Qualea grandiflora and an unidentified male species in Qualea multiflora. All mutillid wasps showed similar behavior on the plants. They quickly climbed on to the plant and foraged over with frequent movements of the antennas until they found the EFNs. We suggest that it is not a fortuitous observations, neither rare. We are just not looking with the needed attention to EFNs.
Penerapan Multimedia Pembelajaran Interaktif Elektronika dengan Framework RAD (Rapid Application Development) Menggunakan HTML
Authors: Hidayat Wahyu , Sudibyo Nugroho Arif 
Published: October 2018

Pengembangan Multimedia menggunakan teknologi dapat dikembangkan di dunia pendidikan. Multimedia yang dikembangkan sekarang untuk dunia pendidikan adalah elektronic learning (e-learning). Dengan tujuan ingin memberikan pengalaman belajar yang menarik tentang mata kuliah materi elektronika peneliti melakukan rancang bangun multimedia e-learning menggunakan HTML. HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) bahasa yang digunakan untuk membuat halaman web. Bahasa ini berfungsi untuk menampilkan berbagai jenis informasi dengan melakukan markup pada dokumen sebelumnya menjadi format standar ASCII Metode yang dilakukan adalah menggunakan metode Rapid Application Development (RAD). Metode ini dilaksanakan menggunakan 4 tahap yaitu, tahapan Perencanaan kebutuhan, Perancangan jalannya penelitian (Pembangunan Sistem), penerapan penelitian rancang bangun, dan tahap terakhir adalah evaluasi penelitian. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah multimedia dengan menggunakan bahasa HTML yang mampu dijangkau pembelajar. Media ini dapat digunakan oleh pembelajar maupun pengajar untuk lebih menarik pembelajar belajar elektronika