bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of Risk Factors for Injury in Women's Collegiate Gymnastics With the Gymnastics Functional Measurement Tool
Authors: Ling Daphne , Sleeper Mark , Casey Ellen 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundThe Gymnastics Functional Measurement Tool (GFMT) is a series of 10 sport‐specific tests that evaluates the physical fitness of female gymnasts. The standardized scoring system has been validated in a wide range of competitive levels. To date, there is no screening tool to identify risk factors for injury in female gymnasts.ObjectiveTo determine if the total score on the GFMT or the individual test components can identify female collegiate gymnasts who are at risk of developing an injury.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingCollegiate gymnastics training and competition facilities.ParticipantsOne hundred female gymnasts from seven National Collegiate Athletic Association, Division I teams.InterventionsGymnasts were tested with the GFMT (vertical jump, hanging leg lifts, agility sprint, 20‐meter sprint, pull‐ups, push‐ups, rope climb, handstand hold, lower extremity flexibility, and shoulder flexibility). Each team's certified athletic trainer recorded injuries over the course of one season. Logistic regression modeling was used to assess the relationship between each individual test and the development of upper extremity, lower extremity, or trunk injuries.Main Outcome MeasurementsGymnastics‐related injuries.ResultsA total of 160 injuries from 100 gymnasts were included in the analysis. No tests were significantly associated with developing of upper or lower extremity injuries. A higher score on the vertical jump test was associated with fewer trunk injuries (odds ratio [OR] 0.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.52‐0.91; P = .01). This relationship existed even after adjusting for gymnast characteristics in a multivariable analysis.ConclusionsA one‐unit increase in vertical jump score was associated with a 30% decrease in trunk injuries in collegiate‐level female gymnasts. Future research to identify risk factors for gymnastics‐related injury and methods for prevention are needed.Level of EvidenceII.
Key Role of Microtubule and Its Acetylation in a Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle–Mediated Lysosome–Autophagy System
Authors: Liu Jia , Kang Yiyuan , Yin Suhan , Chen Aijie , Wu Junrong , Liang Huimin , Shao Longquan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAutophagy is a biological process that has attracted considerable attention as a target for novel therapeutics. Recently, nanomaterials (NMs) have been reported to modulate autophagy, which makes them potential agents for the treatment of autophagy‐related diseases. In this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZNPs) are utilized to evaluate NM‐induced autophagy and debate the mechanisms involved. It is found that ZNPs undergo pH‐dependent ion shedding and that intracellular zinc ions (Zn2+) play a crucial role in autophagy. Autophagy is activated with ZNPs treatment, which is inhibited after Zn2+ sequestration via ethylenediamine tetra‐acetic acid. Lysosome‐based autophagic degradation is halted after ZNPs treatment for more than 3 h and is accompanied by blockage of lysophagy, which renews impaired lysosomes. Furthermore, the microtubule (MT) system participates in ZNP‐induced lysosome–autophagy system changes, especially in the fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes. MT acetylation is helpful for protecting from ZNP‐induced MT disruption, and it promotes the autophagic degradation process. In conclusion, this study provides valuable information on NM‐induced lysosome–autophagy system changes, particularly with respect to the role of lysophagy and the MT system, which point to some attractive targets for the design of engineered nanoparticles.
The electronic structure underlying electrocatalysis of two‐dimensional materials
Authors: Zhao Xunhua , Shi Jianjian , Ji Yujin , Liu Yuanyue 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe understanding and development of advanced electrochemical catalysts have attracted intensive studies and achieved tremendous progress in the past decades. Two‐dimensional (2D) materials, such as doped graphene and atomically‐thin transition metal compounds, have shown great promise as electrocatalysts for various renewable energy conversion and storage reactions. Their further developments require improved understanding of the catalytic mechanisms at atomic level. Currently, most of the understandings are based on the formation free energies of the intermediates, which are determined by their binding strengths with the catalyst, usually calculated from density functional theory (DFT). These energies/binding strengths have been used as descriptor to describe the activity of many catalysts. However, it remains less explored why different catalysts have different binding strengths and what are the underlying factors controlling them, requiring studies going beyond atomic level to electronic level. This review aims to provide such links, focusing on 2D electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen reduction reaction/oxygen evolution reaction (ORR/OER), CO2 reduction reaction (CO2R) and nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR). We also discuss some of the significant issues that need to be addressed in DFT calculations, including the effects of varying charge and fixed potential of the catalyst, the passivation of active sites, and the solvation effects.This article is categorized under:

Structure and Mechanism > Reaction Mechanisms and Catalysis
Structure and Mechanism > Computational Materials Science
The singular limits of Riemann solutions to a chemotaxis model with flux perturbation
Authors: Shen Chun , Sun Meina 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe phenomenon of chemotactic collapse is identified and analyzed for a chemotaxis model in a conservative form when the diffusion effect is neglected by using a singular perturbation of flux function. It is proven rigorously that the Riemann solutions for the scaled chemotaxis system converge to the corresponding ones for a non‐strictly hyperbolic system of conservation laws when the scaled parameter tends to zero. In addition, in some particular situations, the delta standing wave is obtained in the limit situation, which can be used to explain reasonably the phenomenon of chemotactic collapse.
Instabilities of thin black rings: closing the gap
Authors: Armas Jay , Parisini Enrico 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We initiate the study of dynamical instabilities of higher-dimensional black holes using the blackfold approach, focusing on asymptotically flat boosted black strings and singly-spinning black rings in D ≥ 5. We derive novel analytic expressions for the growth rate of the Gregory-Laflamme instability for boosted black strings and its onset for arbitrary boost parameter. In the case of black rings, we study their stability properties in the region of parameter space that has so far remained inaccessible to numerical approaches. In particular, we show that very thin (ultraspinning) black rings exhibit a Gregory-Laflamme instability, giving strong evidence that black rings are unstable in the entire range of parameter space. For very thin rings, we show that the growth rate of the instability increases with increasing non-axisymmetric mode m while for thicker rings, there is competition between the different modes. However, up to second order in the blackfold approximation, we do not observe an elastic instability, in particular for large modes m ≫ 1, where this approximation has higher accuracy. This suggests that the Gregory-Laflamme instability is the dominant instability for very thin black rings. Additionally, we find a long-lived mode that describes a wiggly time-dependent deformation of a black ring. We comment on disagreements between our results and corresponding ones obtained from a large D analysis of black ring instabilities.
Uncertainty quantification of unsteady source flows in heterogeneous porous media
Authors: Severino Gerardo , Leveque Santolo , Toraldo Gerardo 
Published: May 2019

Unsteady flow generated by a point-like source takes place into a$d$-dimensional porous formation where the spatial variability of the hydraulic conductivity$K$is modelled within a stochastic framework that regards$K$as a stationary, normally distributed random space function (rsf). As a consequence, the hydraulic head$H$becomes also stochastic, and we aim at quantifying its uncertainty. Towards this aim, we have derived the head covariance by means of a perturbation expansion which regards the variance$\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}^{2}$of the zero meanrsf$\unicode[STIX]{x1D700}=1-K/\langle K\rangle$(hereafter$\langle \rangle$being the ensemble average operator) as a small parameter. The analytical results are expressed in terms of multiple quadratures which are markedly reduced after adopting specific autocorrelation$\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}$for$\unicode[STIX]{x1D700}$. This enables one to obtain simple results providing straightforward physical insight into the spatial distribution of$H$as a consequence of the heterogeneity of$K$. In view of those applications (pumping tests) aiming at the identification of the hydraulic properties of geological formations, we have focused on a flow generated by a source of instantaneous and constant strength. The attainment of the large time (steady-state) regime is studied in detail.
Towards a finite-time singularity of the Navier–Stokes equations. Part 2. Vortex reconnection and singularity evasion
Authors: Moffatt H. K. , Kimura Yoshifumi 
Published: May 2019

In Part 1 of this work, we have derived a dynamical system describing the approach to a finite-time singularity of the Navier–Stokes equations. We now supplement this system with an equation describing the process of vortex reconnection at the apex of a pyramid, neglecting core deformation during the reconnection process. On this basis, we compute the maximum vorticity $\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}_{max}$ as a function of vortex Reynolds number $R_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}}$ in the range $2000\leqslant R_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}}\leqslant 3400$, and deduce a compatible behaviour $\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}_{max}\sim \unicode[STIX]{x1D714}_{0}\exp [1+220(\log [R_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}}/2000])^{2}]$ as $R_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}}\rightarrow \infty$. This may be described as a physical (although not strictly mathematical) singularity, for all $R_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}}\gtrsim 4000$.
Existence and uniqueness of monotone wavefronts in a nonlocal resource-limited model
Authors: Trofimchuk Elena , Pinto Manuel , Trofimchuk Sergei 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe are revisiting the topic of travelling fronts for the food-limited (FL) model with spatio-temporal nonlocal reaction. These solutions are crucial for understanding the whole model dynamics. Firstly, we prove the existence of monotone wavefronts. In difference with all previous results formulated in terms of ‘sufficiently small parameters’, our existence theorem indicates a reasonably broad and explicit range of the model key parameters allowing the existence of monotone waves. Secondly, numerical simulations realized on the base of our analysis show appearance of non-oscillating and non-monotone travelling fronts in the FL model. These waves were never observed before. Finally, invoking a new approach developed recently by Solar et al., we prove the uniqueness (for a fixed propagation speed, up to translation) of each monotone front.
An 18 ka to present pollen- and phytolith-based vegetation reconstruction from Hall's Cave, south-central Texas, USA
Authors: Cordova Carlos E. , Johnson William C. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPollen, spores, phytoliths, and microscopic charcoal from a sedimentary column in Hall's Cave, south-central Texas, provide information for local and regional vegetation change during the last deglaciation and the Holocene in the context of broader regional and global climatic changes. The combination of paleoenvironmental proxy data from the cave indicates that between about 18,000 and 16,500 cal yr BP the cave area was dominated by an open plant community consisting of herbaceous vegetation, dominated by C3grasses, and scattered trees, primarilyQuercusandPinusspecies. After about 16,500 cal yr BP, the arboreal component fluctuated, attaining a peak between 14,000 and 13,000 cal yr BP with relatively equal proportions of C3and C4grasses, including a sizable proportion of Panicoideae grasses. The Younger Dryas is marked by a conspicuous decrease in arboreal pollen with an apparent increase of C4grasses toward its termination. Early Holocene recovery of arboreal vegetation is followed by a drying trend marked by the increasing dominance of C4drought-tolerant Chloridoideae grasses. Increasing human use of the cave in middle to late Holocene times creates noise in the climatic significance of pollen, phytolith, and other proxies, a factor to consider when interpreting paleoenvironmental proxies in other cave sedimentary records.
Geophysical investigation across the Peel boundary fault (The Netherlands) for a paleoseismological study
Authors: Demanet D. , Evers L.G. , Teerlynck H. , Dost B. , Jongmans D. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn preparation of the first paleoseismic trenching in the NE border of the Roer graben (the Netherlands), site selection was carried out. Combining geological and seismological information and using existing aerial photographs, seismic reflection and geodetic levelling data, it was decided to focus on the Peel boundary fault near the village of Neer. Detailed information on the exact location of the fault was obtained through geophysical techniques, mainly ground penetrating radar (GPR) and resistivity measurements. GPR data unambiguously showed the flexuring and offset of reflectors affected by the fault. Performing eleven GPR profiles along strike allowed to obtain a 3D picture of the fault, laterally extending the information given in the trench.
Paleoseismological Investigations at the Rurrand Fault, Lower Rhine Embayment
Authors: Lehmann K. , Klostermann J. , Pelzing R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFrom 1998 to 2000, we have studied the evidence for large paleoearthquakes at the Rurrand Fault. This fault represents the eastern border of the Roer Valley Graben, which is the tectonically most active region in the Lower Rhine Embayment. The purpose of our paleoseismological studies is to enlarge the seismicity data base for this region beyond instrumental records and historical reports using indications of surface-faulting events from stratigraphie conditions at active faults. Larger time spans considered in the earthquake catalogue will enable a more reliable statistical analysis which is required for seismic hazard assessment. Based on analyses of geological data and géomorphologie investigations, detailed geophysical surveying was carried out along the southern Rurrand Fault segment for the selection of a site appropriate to paleoseismological studies. Mapping of physical parameter contrasts with seismic reflection, VES, ERT, and GPR measurements along fault-crossing profiles inferred position and near-surface structure of the fault. At the site promising the best conditions, a trench was excavated across the fault near the city of Jiilich, Germany. Within a depth of about 4 m, the Rurrand Fault was exposed in an about 50 m-wide system of faults and fault zones, affecting the stratigraphie sequence with various displacement characteristics and amounts of throw. According to heavy mineral analyses, the deposition time of most the exposed sediment strata was assigned to Pliocene and Lower Pleistocene time. These geological units are covered by loess layers deposited through so-lifluction processes during the Weichselian glacial, i.e. some tens of ka B.P., or – with lower probability – during the Saalian glacial. Several faults which had also affected the loess reflect younger fault activity. However, clear paleoseismic features were not observed in the trench, thus an unambiguous proof of the occurrence of coseismic fault displacements could not be furnished. Recently, differential subsidence due to drainage takes place in the surroundings of the nearby opencast mining. An amount of some 0.35 m, concentrated in a very narrow lateral zone, has been observed during the last 40 a at about 1 km distance from the trench position. To date, the subsidence could not be clearly located in the trench exposure. Results from geodetic levelling campaigns will help to determine the offset residuals and to gain better insight into the ruling displacement processes at the Rurrand Fault.
The Movement of Ideas in Late Iron Age and Early Roman Britain: An Imported Rotary Quern Design in South-Western England
Authors: Shaffrey Ruth 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTIn 2012, a complete upper stone of a rotary quern with a projecting lug for a vertical handle was found at Hinkley Point in Somerset, south-western England. It is the first late Iron Age to early Roman period quern of this form to be found in England. This note describes its form in detail and discusses its closest parallels in north-eastern Ireland, south-western Scotland, Wales, Isle of Man and Spain. It shows how thin-section analysis demonstrates the quern to have been locally made in Somerset and discusses the movement of ideas about quern design during the late Iron Age to early Roman period.
Two Marathi Letters from the Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia: A Snapshot of Dutch-Maratha Relations in the Late-Eighteenth-Century Coromandel
Authors: Bellarykar Nikhil 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe third volume of Dutch Sources on South Asia mentions that there are some late-eighteenth-century Marathi letters, written in the Modi script, preserved in the National Archives of the Republic of Indonesia.1 Scanned copies of the same were obtained by Lennart Bes (Leiden University) with the kind permission of the Indonesia Archives. Using these scanned copies, this paper gives the complete Roman transliteration of the two letters as well as their translation, and contextualizes the letters within Maratha documentary practices as well as within the contemporary political scene of the late-eighteenth-century Coromandel Coast. In addition, this article provides a commentary on the Maratha perception of Europeans in general and of the Dutch in particular, arguing that the Marathas had an unusually positive opinion about the trade-oriented Dutch, especially when contrasted with the territorially ambitious English and the Portuguese.
Presence and Chromosomal Subtyping ofLegionellaSpecies in Potable Water Systems in 20 Hospitals of Catalonia, Spain
Authors: Sabrià Miquel , García-Núñez Marian , Pedro-Botet Maria L. , Sopena Nieves , Gimeno Josep M. , Reynaga Esteban , Morera Josep , Rey-Joly Celestino 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjective:To investigate the presence and clonal distribution ofLegionellaspecies in the water supply of 20 hospitals in Catalonia, Spain.Setting:20 hospitals in Catalonia, an area of 32,000 km2, located in northeast Spain.Methods:Environmental cultures of 186 points of potable water supply and 10 cooling towers were performed for the presence ofLegionellaspecies. Following filtration and acid treatment, the samples were seeded in selective MWY (modified Wadowsky Yee)-buffered charcoal yeast extract-a agar. All isolates obtained were characterized microbiologically and genotyped bySfilpulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).Results:73 of 196 water samples, representing 17 of the 20 hospitals included in the study, were positive forLegionella pneumophila(serogroups 1, 2-14, or both). The degree of contamination ranged from 200 to 74,250 colony-forming units/L. Twenty-five chromosomal DNA subtypes were detected by PFGE. A single DNA subtype was identified in 10 hospitals, 2 DNA subtypes were observed in 6 hospitals, and 1 hospital exhibited 3 different DNA subtypes. Each hospital had its ownLegionellaDNA subtype, which was not shared with any other hospitals.Conclusions:Legionellawas present in the water of most of the hospitals studied; each such hospital had a unique, dominant chromosomal DNA subtype. The verification of several genomic DNA restriction profiles in such a small geographic area demonstrates the great genetic diversity ofLegionellain the aquatic environment.
Outbreak of Nosocomial Sepsis and Pneumonia in a Newborn Intensive Care Unit by Multiresistant Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-ProducingKlebsiella pneumoniaeHigh Impact on Mortality
Authors: Martínez-Aguilar Gerardo , Alpuche-Aranda Celia M. , Anaya Carmen , Alcantar-Curiel Dolores , Gayosso Catalina , Daza Carlos , Mijares Cesar , Tinoco Juan C. , Santos Jose I. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe describe a case-control study of a small outbreak of nosocomial sepsis and pneumonia with high mortality due to clonal dissemination of a multiresistantKlebsiella pneumoniaein the neonatal intensive care unit of a Mexican institution. Our study helped to change nosocomial infection control policy in this hospital.
The effects of two contrasting grassland-based milk production systems, on the performance and fertility of high genetic merit, autumn calving, dairy cows
Authors: Ferris C.P. , McCoy M.A. , Lennox S.D. , Catney D.C. , Gordon F.J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe development of production systems, which allow increased nutrient intakes to be achieved, is a key issue in the management of high genetic merit dairy cows. Consequently, forty high genetic merit autumn calving dairy cows (PTA95fat + protein = 38.2 kg) were managed on either a ‘high forage (HF)’ or ‘high concentrate (HC)’ based system of milk production for the first 305 days of lactation, with the study encompassing both the indoor winter and outdoor summer grazing periods. System HF involved a high feed value silage, a lax grazing regime, and a low concentrate input (842 kg DM), while system HC involved a medium feed value silage, a tighter grazing regime and a higher concentrate input (2456 kg DM). Total milk outputs with each of systems HF and HC were 7854 and 8640 kg respectively (P<0.01), illustrating that high genetic merit cows can perform satisfactorily on very different inputs over a single lactation. However animals on system HF experienced a more extreme and prolonged period of negative energy balance post partum than those on system HC, and completed the winter with a significantly lower condition score. Detailed fertility records were maintained for all animals on the study. Days to first observed heat were 51.2 and 59.3 with systems HF and HC respectively, while the respective conception rates to first service were 26 and 21%. The number of services/conception were 2.22 and 2.50, while the calving interval was 390 and 404 days for systems HF and HC respectively. Despite the greater degree of negative energy balance associated with system HF, none of the fertility measures was significantly affected by system of milk production (P>0.05), although fertility with both systems was poor. There were no obvious reasons for the poor fertility noted in this trial.