bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autopoietic Behavior of Dynamic Covalent Amphiphiles
Authors: Nguyen Rémi , Jouault Nicolas , Zanirati Stefano , Rawiso Michel , Allouche Lionel , Buhler Eric , Giuseppone Nicolas 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe condensation of aldehydes and amines in water to give amphiphilic imines can lead to a particular autocatalytic behavior known as autopoiesis, in which the closed micellar structure made by the amphiphile at the mesoscale can accelerate the condensation of its constituents. Herein, through a combination of analytical tools, including diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) as well as light, neutron, and X‐ray scattering techniques, the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters were probed at both the level of dynamic covalent imine bond formation and the level of the resulting micellar self‐assemblies. It was found that the autopoietic behavior was the result of a combination of several parameters, including solubilization of hydrophobic building blocks, template effect at the core–shell interface, and growth/division cycles of the micellar objects.
Clinical analysis of antithrombotic treatment and occurrence of stroke in elderly patients with nonvalvular persistent atrial fibrillation
Authors: Yu Lu‐Jiao , Chen Shuai , Xu Yao , Zhang Zi‐Xin 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) is common in elderly patients and is associated with ischemic stroke. We sought to explore the current status of antithrombotic therapy in elderly patients with nonvalvular persistent AF.MethodsThis is a retrospective study and data were collected from the First Hospital of China Medical University. A total of 300 patients were enrolled from January 2015 to June 2017. Patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 (from 65‐74) and Group 2 (older than 75). The status of antithrombotic treatment was recorded. Follow‐ups were done at 7, 90 , 180, and 360 days after discharge. The occurrence of stroke was recorded.ResultsFor 287 patients with a CHA2DS2‐VASc score ≥2, 41.10% received oral anticoagulants (OAC), 27.20% received new oral anticoagulants (NOAC), 42.20% received antiplatelet agents, 16.70% received no antithrombotic treatment. From 2015 to the first half 2017, the ratio of OAC was 25.90%, 51.89%, and 49.30%, respectively; ratio of NOAC were 16.90%, 30.19%, and 39.10%, respectively. During the four times follow‐up, percentage of patients who had good treatment compliance was 65%, 49.2%, 38.5%, and 25% stroke rate was 6.7% in total 300 patients. Logistic regression analysis showed age older than 75 (odds ratio [OR] 4.812), prior stroke (OR 4.109) were risk factors of stroke, and OAC treatment (OR 0.021) could prevent stroke.ConclusionRatio of antithrombotic therapy in elderly patients with nonvalvular persistent AF was low and drug compliance was poor. Age, prior history of stroke, and OAC treatment are the important predictive factors of stoke in elderly patients.
Electrocatalytic Promotion of Pt Nanoparticles by Incorporation of Ni(OH)2 for Glycerol Electro‐Oxidation: Analysis of Activity and Reaction Pathway
Authors: Velázquez‐Hernández Isaac , Oropeza‐Guzmán Mercedes T. , Guerra‐Balcázar Minerva , Álvarez‐Contreras Lorena , Arjona Noé 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this work, the effect of Pt−Ni(OH)2 nanoparticles on the activity and reaction pathway of glycerol oxidation was studied. For this purpose, small Pt (4±0.2 nm) and Pt−Ni(OH)2 nanoparticles (4.7±0.4 nm) supported on Vulcan carbon were synthesized. Ni(OH)2 were found in the vicinity of Pt modifying the lattice parameter, inter‐planar distance and binding energy of Pt. Electrochemical evaluation indicated that Pt−Ni(OH)2/C had better electrocatalytic activity than Pt/C offering a higher current density (almost 45 mA mg−1), and lower onset (−0.3 V) and oxidation peak potentials (0.04 V). The improved activity was associated to the OH groups found in the vicinity of Pt active sites, facilitating the charge transfer due to a bifunctional mechanism. The in situ evaluation confirmed that the incorporation of Ni(OH)2 led to higher electron transfer due to short‐chain byproducts such as glycolate, mesoxalate and formate, which were found at the oxidation peak potential.
IoT and semantic web technologies for event detection in natural disasters
Authors: Greco Luca , Ritrovato Pierluigi , Tiropanis Thanassis , Xhafa Fatos 
Published: August 2018

SummaryNatural disasters cannot be predicted well in advance, but it is still possible to decrease the loss of life and mitigate the damages, exploiting some peculiarities that distinguish them. Smart collection, integration, and analysis of data produced by distributed sensors and services are key elements for understanding the context and supporting decision making process for disaster prevention and management. In this paper, we demonstrate how Internet of Things and Semantic Web technologies can be effectively used for abnormal event detection in the contest of an earthquake. In our proposal, a prototype system, which retrieves the data streams from IoT sensors and web services, is presented. In order to contextualize and give a meaning to the data, semantic web technologies are applied for data annotation. We evaluate our system performances by measuring the response time and other parameters that are important in a disaster detection scenario.
Contribution of structured self‐monitoring of blood glucose to self‐efficacy in poorly controlled diabetes patients in China
Authors: Shen Yun , Zhu Wei , Lu Lihua , Lu Fengdi , Kan Kai , Bao Yuqian , Zhou Jian , Jia Weiping 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimTo investigate the association between structured self‐monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) and diabetes self‐efficacy in Chinese patients.MethodsThis study was a single‐centre, open‐label, prospective, randomized controlled trial. A total of 250 type 1 and type 2 diabetes patients were recruited and randomly assigned to the structured SMBG group and the control group in a 1:1 ratio. The main outcome observed in this subgroup analysis was a change in the diabetes self‐efficacy scale (DSES) scores. A multivariate generalized estimating equation was used to evaluate factors affecting the DSES scores.ResultsWe found that the DSES scores tended to decrease significantly with the follow‐up time in the intervention group (Waldβ = 7.882,P < .001; Waldβ = 3.130,P = .003; Waldβ = 7.879,P < .001). However, no significant differences in the DSES scores were detected in the control group. Glycaemic control improved in both the intervention and control groups at the third month (P < .05). In the intervention group, sustained improvement of the DSES scores maintained the improvement in glycaemic control through the sixth month. In the control group, glycaemic control tended to deteriorate in the sixth month without the support of an improved DSES scores (P = .056).ConclusionStructured SMBG could contribute to the effective and persistent improvement of diabetes self‐efficacy. (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02225691).
How ecological processes shape the outcomes of stock enhancement and harvest regulations in recreational fisheries
Authors: Johnston Fiona D. , Allen Micheal S. , Beardmore Ben , Riepe Carsten , Pagel Thilo , Hühn Daniel , Arlinghaus Robert 
Published: August 2018

AbstractFish stocking and harvest regulations are frequently used to maintain or enhance freshwater recreational fisheries and contribute to fish conservation. However, their relative effectiveness has rarely been systematically evaluated using quantitative models that account for key size‐ and density‐dependent ecological processes and adaptive responses of anglers. We present an integrated model of freshwater recreational fisheries where the population dynamics of two model species affect the effort dynamics of recreational anglers. With this model, we examined how stocking various fish densities and sizes (fry, fingerlings, and adults) performed relative to minimum‐length limits using a variety of biological, social, and economic performance measures, while evaluating trade‐offs. Four key findings are highlighted. First, stocking often augmented the exploited fish population, but size‐ and density‐dependent bottlenecks limited the number of fry and fingerlings surviving to a catchable size in self‐sustaining populations. The greatest enhancement of the catchable fish population occurred when large fish that escaped early bottlenecks were stocked, but this came at the cost of wild‐stock replacement, thereby demonstrating a fundamental trade‐off between fisheries benefits and conservation. Second, the relative performance of stocking naturally reproducing populations was largely independent of habitat quality and was generally low. Third, stocking was only economically advisable when natural reproduction was impaired or absent, stocking rates were low, and enough anglers benefitted from stocking to offset the associated costs. Fourth, in self‐sustaining fish populations, minimum‐length limits generally outperformed stocking when judged against a range of biological, social and economic objectives. By contrast, stocking in culture‐based fisheries often generated substantial benefits. Collectively, our study demonstrates that size‐ and density‐dependent processes, and broadly the degree of natural recruitment, drive the biological, social, and economic outcomes of popular management actions in recreational fisheries. To evaluate these outcomes and the resulting trade‐offs, integrated fisheries‐management models that explicitly consider the feedbacks among ecological and social processes are needed.
Modeling long‐distance dispersal of emerald ash borer in European Russia and prognosis of spread of this pest to neighboring countries within next 5 years
Authors: Orlova‐Bienkowskaja Marina J. , Bieńkowski Andrzej O. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimTo develop an approach to model the spatial dynamics of emerald ash borer Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in European Russia. This tree‐killing pest was detected in Moscow 15 years ago and began to spread, posing a threat to ashes all over Europe. The aim was to determine its probable current range and to evaluate the probability of its dispersal to neighboring countries within the next 5 years.LocationCities and transport hubs of European Russia and neighboring countries. Ash trees in this region occur mainly in urban plantations and along highways.MethodsPairwise distances between all locations were used as the main parameter determining the probability of pest spread. For each location, the probability of detection of A. planipennis was calculated using three simulation recurrent models of long‐distance dispersal. Parametrization was made by comparison with results of surveys in 2003–2015. Field data on the range of A. planipennis in 2016‐2017 were mapped and used for model verification. A prognosis of spread of the pest by 2022 was made.ResultsA model based on fat‐tailed kernel corresponds to both negative and positive results of surveys. According to the model, the current range is likely to be restricted to Russia, but probability of detection of the pest in the east of Belarus, Ukraine, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania by 2022 is 15%–40%.Main conclusionsThe forestry services of neighboring countries probably have about 5 years to prepare for the invasion of this pest, but regular surveys are necessary, since the pest can appear at any time. The case considered shows that the simple approach based on a fat‐tailed kernel and just one parameter—pairwise distance between cities—can be used for modeling long‐distance dispersal of alien pests of urban plantations.
Eomes controls the development of Th17‐derived (non‐classic) Th1 cells during chronic inflammation
Authors: Mazzoni Alessio , Maggi Laura , Siracusa Francesco , Ramazzotti Matteo , Rossi Maria Caterina , Santarlasci Veronica , Montaini Gianni , Capone Manuela , Rossettini Beatrice , De Palma Raffaele , Kruglov Andrey , Chang Hyun‐Dong , Cimaz Rolando , Maggi Enrico , Romagnani Sergio , Liotta Francesco , Cosmi Lorenzo , Annunziato Francesco 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIt is well accepted that Th17 cells are a highly plastic cell subset that can be easily directed toward the Th1 phenotype in vitro and also in vivo during inflammation. However, there is an ongoing debate regarding the reverse plasticity (conversion from Th1 to Th17). We show here that ectopic ROR‐γt expression can restore or initiate IL‐17 expression by non‐classic or classic Th1 cells, respectively, while common pro‐Th17 cytokine cocktails are ineffective. This stability of the Th1 phenotype is at least partially due to the presence of a molecular machinery governed by the transcription factor Eomes, which promotes IFN‐γ secretion while inhibiting the expression of ROR‐γt and IL‐17. By using a mouse model of T cell‐dependent colitis we demonstrate that Eomes controls non‐classic Th1 cell development also in vivo and promotes their pathogenic potential. Eomes expression associates to a highly inflammatory phenotype also in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Indeed, it favors the acquisition of a cytotoxic signature, and promotes the development of IFN‐γ+GM‐CSF+ cells that have been described to be pathogenic in chronic inflammatory disorders.
Label‐free Voltammetric Detection of Products of Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase Tailing Reaction
Authors: Hermanová Monika , Havranová‐Vidláková Pavlína , Ondráčková Anna , Kumar Swathi Senthil , Bowater Richard , Fojta Miroslav 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA label‐free approach that takes advantage of intrinsic electrochemical activity of nucleobases has been applied to study the products of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) tailing reaction. DNA homooligonucleotides A30, C30 and T30 were used as primers for the tailing reaction to which a dNTP – or a mixture of dNTPs – and TdT were added to form the tails. Electrochemical detection enabled study of the tailing reaction products created by various combinations of primers and dNTPs, with pyrolytic graphite electrode (PGE) being suitable for remarkably precise analysis of the length of tailing reaction products. Furthermore, the hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) was able to reveal formation of various DNA structures, such as DNA hairpins and G‐quadruplexes, which influence the behavior of DNA molecules at the negatively charged surface of HMDE. Thus, the described approach proves to be an excellent tool for studying the TdT tailing reactions and for exploring how various DNA structures affect both the tailing reactions and electrochemical behavior of DNA oligonucleotides at electrode surfaces.
Effects of heavy‐ion beam irradiation on avermectin B1a and its analogues production by Streptomyces avermitilis
Authors: Wang Shuyang , Bo Yongheng , Chen Jihong , Zhou Xiang , Li Wenjian , Liang Jianpin , Dong Miaoyin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe biggest challenge in anabolism research is to improve the stability and safety of microbial metabolite production on an industrial scale. One class of metabolites, avermectins, are produced by Streptomyces avermitilis. In this study, an avermectin B1a‐high‐producing mutant was produced using heavy ion mutagenesis and selected based on LTQ‐MS and HPLC‐UV method. The mutants ZJAV‐Y‐147 and ZJAV‐Y‐HS, obtained after subjecting the spores of S. avermitilis to 70 Gy of 12C6+ heavy ion irradiation, were found to best improve the avermectin B1a production (4822.23 μg/mL and 4632.17 μg/mL, respectively). These two mutants’ yielded of avermectin B1a were 2‐fold high than the original strains. The DNA of the original and mutant strains were analyzed by RAPD technique with four random primers after irradiated with ion beam irradiation. The results show that different high‐titer S. avermitilis strains contain different genetic modifications. In addition, the mutation position, mutation type and sequence context of all mutations of aveC, aveD, aveI, aveR gene in two mutants S.avermitilis were researched, and the production of avermectin B1a and its analogues of wild‐type and mutants were analyzed by fermenting 240 h, which was suggested that the partial base deletion of aveI gene may be the key sites for increasing avermectin B1a production after the 12C6+‐ion irradiation. All these modifications promote increased avermectin biosynthesis, leading to multiple high‐titer S. avermitilis strains. The results demonstrate that this is an effective approach to engineer S. avermitilis as a host for the biological production of commercial analogs.
Spatially resolved opto‐electrical performance investigations of Cu2ZnSnS3.2Se0.8 photovoltaic devices
Authors: Neubauer Christian , Samieipour Ali , Oueslati Souhaib , Ernits Kaia , Meissner Dieter 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA new statistical analysis of spatially resolved photocurrent and electroluminescence images has been developed and applied to Cu2ZnSn(SxSe1−x)4 (CZTSSe) monograin solar cells. CZTSSe as an absorber material has the potential to significantly reduce manufacturing costs and develop new application fields in photovoltaics. Deep understanding of the performance related parameters in various production steps is crucial for further development of the technology. In this paper we show that by a thorough investigation by means of a combination of opto‐electrical measurement methods such as light beam induced current mapping, scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy, photoluminescence, and electroluminescence measurements a correlation with different current‐voltage (j/V) measurement parameters can be established. Hereby, we clearly identify barrier variations at the active interface as the main reason for current variations across the cell, which for record cells can largely be avoided. These variations show up clearly in the microscopic spatial analysis developed. The detailed analysis of the homogeneity of the solar cell photocurrent presented in this study is relevant for all kinds of solar cells including thin‐film and wafer‐based cells.
General Protocol to Obtain D‐Glucosamine from Biomass Residues: Shrimp Shells, Cicada Sloughs and Cockroaches
Authors: Bertuzzi Diego L. , Becher Tiago B. , Capreti Naylil M. R. , Amorim Julio , Jurberg Igor D. , Megiatto Jackson D. , Ornelas Catia 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA general protocol is developed to obtain D‐glucosamine from three widely available biomass residues: shrimp shells, cicada sloughs, and cockroaches. The protocol includes three steps: (1) demineralization, (2) deproteinization, and (3) chitin hydrolysis. This simple, general protocol opens the door to obtain an invaluable nitrogen‐containing compound from three biomass residues, and it can potentially be applied to other chitin sources. White needle‐like crystals of pure D‐glucosamine are obtained in all cases upon purification by crystallization. Characterization data (NMR, IR, and mass spectrometry) of D‐glucosamine obtained from the three chitin sources are similar and confirm its high purity. NMR investigation demonstrates that D‐glucosamine is obtained mainly as the α‐anomer, which undergoes mutarotation in aqueous solution achieving equilibrium after 440 min, in which the anomeric glucosamine distribution is 60% α‐anomer and 40% β‐anomer.
Chromian spinel compositions from Madawara ultramafics, Bundelkhand Craton: Implications on petrogenesis and tectonic evolution of the southern part of Bundelkhand Craton, Central India
Authors: Mohanty Niranjan , Singh Surya Pratap , Satyanarayanan Manavalan , Jayananda Mudlappa , Korakoppa Madiwalappa Mallappa , Hiloidari Sikha 
Published: August 2018

Madawara ultramafic complex (MUC) in the southern part of Bundelkhand Craton, Central India comprises peridotite, olivine pyroxenite, pyroxenite, gabbro, and diorite. Coarse‐grained olivine, clinopyroxene (Cpx), amphibole (Amp), Al‐chromite, Fe‐chromite, and magnetite with rare orthopyroxene (Opx) are common minerals in peridotite. Chromites are usually coarse‐grained euhedral found as disseminated crystals in the olivine matrix showing both homogeneous and zoned texture. Al‐chromite, primarily characterizes Cr‐spinels and its subsequent fluid activity and alteration can result in the formation of Fe‐chromite, chrome magnetite, and magnetite. Mineral chemistry data suggest that Al‐chromite is characterized by moderately high Cr2O3 (38.16–51.52 wt.%) and Fe2O3 (3.22–14.51 wt.%) and low Al2O3 (10.63–21.87 wt.%), MgO (1.71–4.92 wt.%), and TiO2 (0.22–0.67 wt.%), whereas the homogeneous Fe‐chromite type is characterized by high Fe2O3 (25.54–47.60 wt.%), moderately low Cr2O3 (19.56–37.90 wt.%), and very low Al2O3 (0.06–1.53 wt.%). Subsequent alteration of Al‐chromite and Fe‐chromite leads to formation of Cr‐magnetite and magnetite. The Cr# of Al‐chromite varies from 55.12 to 76.48 and γFe3+# from 8 to 19, whereas the ferrian chromite has high Cr# varying from 94.27 to 99.53 while its γFe3+# varies from 38 to 70. As a whole, the primary Al‐chromite shows low Al2O3, TiO2 contents, and high Fe#, Cr# values. Olivines have forsterite ranging from 75.96% to 77.59%. The bulk‐rock geochemistry shows continental arc geochemical affinities indicated by the high concentration of large‐ion lithophile elements and U, Th relative to the low concentration of high‐field strength elements. These petrological and mineralogical as well as primary Al‐chromite compositions plotted in different discrimination diagrams suggest an arc environment that is similar to Alaskan‐type intrusion.
Cambrian magmatism in the Tethys Himalaya and implications for the evolution of the Proto‐Tethys along the northern Gondwana margin: A case study and overview
Authors: Zhang Lin Kui , Li Guang Ming , Santosh M. , Cao Hua Wen , Dong Sui Liang , Zhang Zhi , Fu Jian Gang , Xia Xiang Biao , Huang Yong , Liang Wei , Zhang Shou Ting 
Published: August 2018

The Cuonadong Dome in southern Tibet is a newly discovered gneiss dome in the Tethys Himalaya. Here, we investigate the Late Cambrian augen gneiss (orthogneiss) within the core of this dome to address the controversy surrounding early Palaeozoic tectonic evolution of the northern margin of eastern Gondwana. We report new zircon laser ablation multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐(MC‐)ICP‐MS) U‐Pb ages, Lu‐Hf isotopes, whole‐rock major and trace element geochemistry, and Sr‐Nd‐Pb data on representative samples from the granitic gneiss. The weighted mean of 116 analyses of zircon grains yields an age of 498.2 ± 1.5 Ma (mean square weighted deviation [MSWD] = 1.2). Forty‐one spots analyses on these grains show consistent εHf (t) values of −2 to +4 (average = +1.1), corresponding to Hf crustal model age (TDM2) of 1.3 to 1.6 Ga (average = 1.39 Ga). The orthogneiss (metagranite) is characterized by high Si and K contents, with low Al, Mg, and Ti, and A/CNK values ranging from 0.87 to 0.98 with an average of 0.92, indicating a metaluminous composition and I‐type granitoid affinity. The granitoid displays significant enrichment in light rare earth elements (LREEs) and relatively flat high rare earth element (HREE) patterns, with strong negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.26–0.31). The primitive mantle‐normalized trace elements show a relative enrichment in large‐ion lithophile elements, such as Rb, and high‐field strength elements, such as Th, U, Zr, and Hf, with depletion in Ba, Nb, Ta, Sr, P, and Ti. The rocks show high initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7221–0.7248) and low εNd (t) values (−8.9 to −7.3) with Nd model ages (TDM) of 1.79–1.91 Ga. Their radiogenic Pb isotopic compositions show (206Pb/204Pb)t = 18.804–19.110, (207Pb/204Pb)t = 15.730–15.768, and (208Pb/204Pb)t = 38.409–39.054, indicating an ancient upper middle continental crustal origin. Our study shows that the protolith of the metagranite was most likely derived from the partial melting of upper continental crust with a minor contribution of depleted mantle materials. Through integration of the regional information on early Palaeozoic magmatism and metamorphic events, we contend that the protolith of the Cuonadong granitic gneiss formed in an accretionary setting associated with the early Palaeozoic Proto‐Tethys Oceanic plate subduction beneath the Gondwana continent.