bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduced Best Spectacle-corrected Visual Acuity from Inserting a Thicker Intacs Above and Thinner Intacs Below in Keratoconus
Authors: Chan Colin C K , Wachler Brian S Boxer 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To report a case of decreased best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) 2 months after Intacs implantation.
METHODS: A 33-year-old woman with keratoconus and contact lens intolerance underwent Intacs surgery in the left eye at another institution. Two segments were used-a thinner one (0.25 mm) below the cone and a thicker one (0.35 mm) above the cone.
RESULTS: Two months postoperatively, the patient presented to our practice with BSCVA reduced from 20/20 to 20/30. The superior lntacs segment was explanted, the inferior segment was exchanged for a thicker one (0.35 mm), and collagen cross-linking with riboflavin treatment was performed. This resulted in visual, topographic, and refractive improvement with BSCVA returning to 20/20.
CONCLUSIONS: Single inferior segment Intacs may be more appropriate for paracentral and peripheral cones. Collagen cross-linking may help cause further flattening. Using asymmetrical segments, with the thicker segment above the cone, may increase distortions and result in loss of BSCVA. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:93-95.]
Corneal Haze Following PRK With Mitomycin C as a Retreatment Versus Prophylactic Use in the Contralateral Eye
Authors: Netto Marcelo V , Chalita Maria Regina , Krueger Ronald R 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To report photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) treated with mitomycin C (MMC) for previous corneal haze in one eye and PRK with MMC to prevent corneal haze formation in the fellow eye.
METHODS: A 40-year-old woman underwent PRK with MMC to treat previous corneal haze (secondary to previous PRK without MMC) for residual refractive error of +0.50 +0.25 × 165 in the left eye and PRK with MMC to prevent corneal haze in the right eye.
RESULTS: Postoperative slit-lamp examination revealed no haze in the right eye, but continued mild haze in the left eye.
CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with PRK and MMC for previous corneal haze is not as effective as primary PRK with MMC in preventing postoperative corneal haze formation. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:96-98.]
Removal of an Intracorneal Hydrogel Implant for Hyperopia After LASIK
Authors: Vossmerbaeumer Urs , Ditzen Klaus , Jonas Jost B 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To report a case of intracorneal hydrogel lens implantation for hyperopia after repeat LASIK surgery.
METHODS: A 34-year-old man underwent intracorneal lens implantation following two LASIK procedures for correction of hyperopia.
RESULTS: The decentered intracorneal lens was removed due to ocular pain and inflammation, epithelial ingrowth under the corneal flap, and high order aberrations. Pain and inflammation resolved, and corneal stability was regained >6 months after removal of the lens.
CONCLUSIONS: Intracorneal lenses may require explantation if previous laser ablative procedures fail to correct refractive errors. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:102-104.]
Comparison Between LASEK and LASIK for the Correction of Low Myopia
Authors: de Benito-Llopis Laura , Teus Miguel A , Sánchez-Pina Jose M , Hernández-Verdejo Jose L 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To compare the refractive results of laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) and laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for the correction of low myopia.
METHODS: A prospective, interventional, non-randomized, observer-masked study was performed of patients with myopia of =£-2.50 diopters (D) (cylinder =sl.50 D) who had undergone either LASEK or LASIK. Refractive analysis was performed by a masked observer preoperatively and 1 day, 1 week, and 1 and 3 months postoperatively.
RESULTS: Seventy-nine eyes that fulfilled the inclusion criteria in each group were included in the study. No statistically significant differences were noted in age, gender, or preoperative refractive error between groups. Postoperative uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) was significantly lower in LASEK eyes 1 and 7 days postoperatively (P=. 0001). At 1 and 3 months postoperatively, no significant differences were noted between the groups in UCVA (P=. 07), but best spectacle-corrected visual acuity 3 months postoperatively was significantly better in LASEK eyes (P=Ol). The refractive error was similar in both groups (P= .3).
CONCLUSIONS: Visual improvement after LASEK for low myopia is significantly slower than after LASIK. Visual outcomes at 3 months postoperatively were similar with both techniques for the correction of low myopia. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:139-145.]
Outcomes of ZB5M Angle-supported Anterior Chamber Phakic Intraocular Lenses at 12 Years
Authors: Javaloy Jaime , Alió Jorge L , Iradier Maria T , Abdelrahman Ayman M , Javaloy Tomas , Borrás Fernando 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the visual and refractive stability and the potential long-term risks associated with ZB5M phakic intraocular lens (PIOL) implantation.
METHODS: A retrospective, non-randomized, cumulative clinical study was performed over 12 years in a consecutive group of 225 eyes implanted with the ZB5M PIOL. The main analyzed variables were visual and refractive outcomes (best spectacle-corrected visual acuity [BSCVA], uncorrected visual acuity [UCVA], and spherical equivalent), endothelial cell density, and postoperative complications.
RESULTS: Mean preoperative spherical equivalent refraction was -17.23±7.69 diopters (D) and 12 years postoperatively it was -1.80+0.80 D. Mean BSCVA at 1- and 12-year follow-up was 0.38±0.19 and 0.57+0.18, respectively (Wilcoxon test, P<.001). At 12 years postoperatively, 3.5% of eyes lost 3*2 lines of BSCVA. An initial 10.6% reduction in endothelial cell density was noted in the first year, followed by a mean annual rate of decrease of 1.78%. The cumulative incidence of pupil ovalization was 34.7% (78 eyes), and there was no statistical correlation with endothelial cell impairment. Bilateral hypertensive uveitis was diagnosed in 3 (1.33%) eyes.
CONCLUSIONS: The ZB5M PIOL offers good refractive outcomes and stability in the long-term; however, endothelial cell loss increases over 12 years, requiring annual endothelial cell counts. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:147-158.]
Centration on the Cornea Vertex Normal During Hyperopic Refractive Photoablation Using Videokeratoscopy
Authors: de Ortueta Diego , Schreyger Frank D 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate a method for centering the ablation in standard hyperopic LASIK using an excimer laser with a video-based eye tracker system.
METHODS: Results of 52 consecutive hyperopic eyes treated with the ESIRIS excimer laser were retrospectively reviewed. Ablation was shifted from the pupil center to the vertex normal of the cornea using pupillary offset measured with the Keratron Scout videokeratoscope. Outcomes were assessed 3 months postoperatively.
RESULTS: All eyes preoperatively had a nasally oriented vertex normal in relation to the pupil center. Three months postoperatively a refractive outcome of <0.50 diopters of spherical equivalent was achieved in 94% (49/52) of eyes. No eye lost more than one line of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity.
CONCLUSIONS: Standard hyperopic LASIK with the ESIRIS laser system leads to good predictable efficacy and safety results when the ablation center is shifted to the cornea vertex normal based on videokeratoscopy data. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:198-200.]
Transverse Keratotomy Followed by LASIK for the Treatment of Naturally Occurring Astigmatism
Authors: Haq Faisal E , Speaker Mark G , Nilforoushan Mohammad Reza , Tullo William , Morsehauser Dana 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of transverse keratotomy followed by LASIK for patients with high amounts of naturally occurring astigmatism.
METHODS: Thirteen eyes with naturally occurring astigmatism ranging from -3.75 to -6.50 diopters (D) underwent sequential transverse keratotomy (60° at 6 mm) and LASIK procedures. The effect of these two procedures on the amount of astigmatism was studied.
RESULTS: Transverse keratotomy led to a 46% reduction in refractive cylinder from -5.50±0.80 D to -3.00±1.00 D. After LASIK, the initial refractive astigmatism was reduced by 90% to -0.50±0.50 D with a minimum follow-up of 6 months.
CONCLUSIONS: The combined technique of transverse keratotomy followed by LASIK is an effective and accurate way to treat high amounts of naturally occurring astigmatism, allowing the size of the optical zone of the excimer laser ablation to be maximized. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:209-211.]
Prophylactic Mitomycin C to Inhibit Corneal Haze After Photorefractive Keratectomy for Residual Myopia Following Radial Keratotomy
Authors: Nassaralla Belquiz A , McLeod Stephen D , Nassaralla João J 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of mitomycin C (MMC) 0.02% in inhibiting haze formation after excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for residual myopia following radial keratotomy (RK).
METHODS: A prospective, nonrandomized, noncomparative interventional case series was conducted of 22 eyes (14 patients) with residual myopia after RK performed at a single institution. All eyes were treated with PRK and a single intraoperative topical application of MMC 0.02% solution for 2 minutes using a soaked cellulose sponge placed over the ablated area. Refraction, uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), and slit-lamp evidence of corneal opacity (haze) were evaluated over 12 months.
RESULTS: Twelve months postoperatively, 3 eyes showed grade 1 haze, and 2 eyes showed grade 0.5 haze. Twelve months postoperatively, 2 (9%) eyes had UCVA ≥20/20. No eye before and 17 (77%) eyes after treatment had UCVA 3*20/40, and no eye before and 9 eyes (40.9%) after treatment had UCVA 2=20/25. Best spectacle-corrected visual acuity was 2=20/40 in all (100%) eyes and 21 (95%) eyes before and after treatment, respectively, and 2=20/25 in 12 (54.5%) eyes before and after treatment. One (4.5%) eye lost 1 line of BSCVA. Mean spherical equivalent refraction achieved was -0.18 diopters (D) (range: -0.75 to +0.50 D) compared to -2.72 D (range: -1.50 to -4.00 D) before treatment. Twelve months after treatment, 19 (85.5%) eyes had a refractive outcome within ±0.50 D.
CONCLUSIONS: A single intraoperative application of MMC 0.02% for 2 minutes appears to be effective in preventing subepithelial haze after PRK for residual myopia in patients with undercorrection or regression following RK. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:226-232.]
Early Transient Visual Acuity Loss After LASIK Due to Steroid-induced Elevation of Intraocular Pressure
Authors: Frucht-Pery Joseph , Landau David , Raiskup Frederik , Orucov Faik , Strassman Eyal , Blumenthal Eytan Z , Solomon Abraham 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To report the clinical course of early transient reduction of uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) after LASIK surgery resulting from steroid-induced elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP).
METHODS: Twenty-nine eyes of 15 patients who received topical corticosteroids after uneventful myopic LASIK surgery and had a decrease in UCVA within the first 3 weeks were evaluated retrospectively.
RESULTS: Intraocular pressure increased by 4 to 30 mmHg from preoperative to postoperative days 4 to 20. Twenty-seven of 29 eyes had a decrease in UCVA and/or best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA). All eyes, except one, had edema without evidence of inflammation in the interface or the remainder of the cornea. Discontinuation of topical corticosteroids and application of anti-glaucoma medications resulted in a decrease of IOP to normal levels, reduction or disappearance of the edema, and recovery of BSCVA.
CONCLUSIONS: Early onset steroid-induced elevation of IOP after LASIK may cause corneal edema and a sudden decrease in UCVA. Rapid diagnosis and treatment can control IOP and recover the visual loss. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:244-251.]
Inter- and Intraobserver Reliability of Pupil Diameter Measurement During 24 Hours Using the Colvard Pupillometer
Authors: Yoon Michael K , Schmidt Gregory , Lietman Thomas , McLeod Stephen D 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the inter- and intraobserver agreement of pupil size diameter measurements determined using the Colvard pupillometer.
METHODS: The eyes of 69 patients were examined fjl) using the Colvard pupillometer under mesopic and scotopic conditions by two examiners and repeated 1 hour (T2) and 24 hours (T3) later. The limits of agreement (mean difference between measurements ±2 standard deviations) were calculated for measurements between examiners (inter-examiner agreement) and between different time points measured by the same examiner (intra-examiner agreement).
RESULTS: At Tl, there was a 99% and a 97% chance of two different examiners producing readings within 0.5 mm under mesopic and scotopic conditions, respectively. There was a 15% chance and a 9% chance of finding a pupil difference >0.5 mm over 1 hour under mesopic and scotopic conditions, respectively. For mesopic and scotopic measurements taken 24 hours apart, there was a 31% chance and a 21% chance, respectively, of finding a difference >0.5 mm by the same examiner.
CONCLUSIONS: This study showed high interobserver agreement under scotopic conditions, with 98% of measurements between two examiners falling within 0.5 mm, but substantial variability in pupil diameter measurements over 24 hours. These results suggest that serial office measurements may be necessary to establish the true range of pupil size. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:266-271.]
Microkeratome-assisted Posterior Lamellar Keratoplasty in Pseudophakic and Aphakic Corneal Edema
Authors: Hashemi Hasan , Noori Jila , Zare Mohammad A , Rahimi Firoozeh 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the outcome of microkeratomeassisted posterior lamellar keratoplasty for replacing diseased endothelium in Pseudophakie and aphakic corneal edema.
METHODS: Microkeratome-assisted posterior lamellar keratoplasty was performed on 10 eyes with Pseudophakie or aphakic corneal edema. A nasal hinged 130to 250-/;m-thick flap was created with an automated microkeratome. The underlying 7.0-mm trephined button of deep stroma and endothelium was substituted with the same size donor button prepared by removing a same-sized flap and trephination of the remaining donor bed. The donor lenticule was fixated without sutures in position; the retracted flap was repositioned and sutured to the peripheral recipient tissue. The viscoelastic content of the anterior chamber was replaced by air to hold the graft in position.
RESULTS: All surgeries were uneventful except for one case of donor button posterior dislocation forming a secondary anterior chamber, which was corrected through donor button exchange 1 month postoperatively. All uncomplicated cases had stable refraction and corneal topography as early as 1 month after surgery, which was maintained in follow-up examinations. In two eyes, corneal astigmatism >5.00 diopters was recorded. One case of prolonged re-epithelial ization and two cases of epithelial interface ingrowth occurred.
CONCLUSIONS: Microkeratome-assisted posterior lamellar keratoplasty is an alternative to conventional penetrating keratoplasty for patients with diseased corneal endothelium, significantly reducing the time of visual rehabilitation. Determination of the relative advantages of this technique over penetrating keratoplasty and other recent alternative endothelial graft procedures relies on controlled prospective studies. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:272-278.]
Confocal Microscopy and Histopathological Examination of Diffuse Lamellar Keratitis in an Experimental Animal Model
Authors: Silva Ma Victoria de Rojas , Abraldes Maximino J , Díez-Feijóo Elío , Yáñez Purificación Mera , Javaloy Jaime , Sánchez-Salorio Manuel 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To investigate the cell populations and structural alterations of the cornea in an experimental model of diffuse lamellar keratitis (DLK) using confocal microscopy and histopathology.
METHODS: A corneal flap was cut in 22 eyes of 11 New Zealand rabbits and the stromal interface was exposed to balanced salt solution (BSS, BSS group) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxin (5 mg/mL) (LPS 5 mg/mL group) and (3.5 mg/mL) (LPS 3.5 mg/mL group). Postoperatively, eyes were examined with a slit-lamp microscope (DLK grading) and confocal microscopy. Animals were sacrificed on day 3 (BSS group and LPS 5 mg/mL group) and day 4 (LPS 3.5 mg/mL group). Corneoscleral buttons were excised and processed for histopathologic examination.
RESULTS: Seven eyes were excluded. Slit-lamp microscopy revealed no cellular infiltration in the BSS group (five eyes). In the LPS groups, all eyes developed DLK, with iritis only observed in grade III eyes. In the LPS 5 mg/mL group, four eyes had DLK grade III, with iritis in three eyes. In the LPS 3.5 mg/mL group, three eyes had grade Il and three eyes had grade III with iritis. On confocal microscopy, the BSS group had no cellular infiltration. Dense accumulation of inflammatory cells at the interface was noted in both LPS groups. Histopathology in the BSS group had a normal appearance. In the LPS groups, an inflammatory infiltrate was present at the interface that consisted of three cell populations - eosinophils, neutrophils, and lymphocytes.
CONCLUSIONS: Lipopolysaccharide endotoxin induced DLK in all exposed eyes, with iritis in a considerable proportion of eyes. The infiltrate consisted of three cell populations. Confocal microscopy showed the infiltrate in all affected eyes. Histopathological and confocal microscopic findings correlated well with the clinical appearance. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:299-304.]
Do Environmental Factors Influence Excimer Laser Pulse Fluence and Efficacy?
Authors: Dantas Paulo Elias Correa , Martins Cristiane Loiola , de Souza Luciene Barbosa , Dantas M Cristina Nishiwaki 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate excimer laser fluence after experimentally induced changes in room temperature and relative air humidity.
METHODS: Excimer laser fluence was analyzed with a specific power meter under three different grathents of room temperature and relative air humidity as well as the reproducibility of myopic correction of -3.00 diopters in a polymethylmethacrylate plate test.
RESULTS: Under the simulated environmental conditions, no significant difference in laser energy fluence and reproduction of myopic correction was observed.
CONCLUSIONS: In a setting with controlled temperature and relative air humidity, subtle changes in environmental factors do not appear to influence laser fluence and efficacy. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:307-309.]
Bilateral Bacterial Keratitis in Three Patients Following Photorefractive Keratectomy
Authors: Karimian Farid , Baradaran-Rafii Alireza , Javadi Mohammad-Ali , Nazari Roshanak , Rabei Hossein Mohammad , Jafarinasab Mohammad-Reza 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To report clinical manifestations and the bactériologie profiles of three patients with bilateral bacterial keratitis following photorefractive keratectomy (PRK).
METHODS: Photorefractive keratectomy was performed for mild to moderate myopia or compound myopic astigmatism. Bandage contact lenses were fitted at the conclusion of each surgery. Bilateral infectious keratitis was diagnosed within 3 days after surgery. Smear and culture were obtained in all three cases. Patients were treated with topical fortified antibiotics (cefazolin and gentamicin).
RESULTS: All patients presented with severe bilateral ocular pain, photophobia, purulent discharge, and dense corneal infiltration. Causative organisms were Staphylococcus aureus (n=2) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (n=l). Ulcers were controlled with aggressive medical therapy in five eyes; however, tectonic penetrating keratoplasty was required in one eye.
CONCLUSIONS: Uncontrolled blepharitis and bandage contact lens use appears to play a role in the development of bacterial keratitis after PRK. Avoidance of simultaneous bilateral surgery in patients with risk factors for bacterial keratitis, preoperative control of blepharitis, and good contact lens hygiene is suggested. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:312-315.]
Laser Epithelial Keratomileusis for the Correction of Hyperopia Using a 7.0-mm Optical Zone With the Schwind ESIRIS Laser
Authors: O'Brart David P S , Mellington Faye , Jones Sophie , Marshall John 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To investigate the efficacy of laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) for the correction of hyperopia using a 7.0-mm optical zone and a 9.0-mm total ablation zone diameter with the Schwind ESIRIS flying-spot laser.
METHODS: Forty-seven patients (70 eyes) were treated with a mean preoperative spherical equivalent refraction of +2.32 diopters (D) (range: 0 to +5.00 D). All eyes underwent LASEK using 15% alcohol with a 20-second application.
RESULTS: An intact epithelial flap was obtained in 66 (94%) eyes. In 70 eyes at 12 months, the mean spherical equivalent refraction was +0.09 D (range: -0.75 to + 1.00 D) with all (100%) eyes within ±1.00 D of the intended correction and 60 (86%) eyes within ±0.50 D. In 40 eyes with 24-month follow-up, the refractive correction remained stable after 6 months. Hyperopic cylindrical corrections were attempted in 49 eyes (range: +0.25 to +5.00 D) with vector analysis demonstrating a mean 102% correction at 12 to 24 months. In 60 nonamblyopic eyes, uncorrected visual acuity was s= 20/20 in 47 (78%) eyes. Thirty-three (47%) eyes gained 1 to 2 lines of Snellen decimal equivalent best spectacle-corrected visual acuity, 30 (43%) eyes showed no change, and 7 (10%) eyes lost 1 line. Eight (11%) eyes at 12 to 24 months had grade s*+l of paracentral corneal haze and 57 (81%) had no haze. At 12 months (n=70), the safety index was 1.06 with an efficacy index of 0.95. Analysis of higher order wavefront aberrations showed no significant changes in root-mean-square values postoperatively, except for a significant reduction of fourth order spherical aberration (P<.05).
CONCLUSIONS: Laser epithelial keratomileusis for hyperopia up to +5.00 D using a 7.0-mm optical zone with the Schwind ESIRIS laser provides excellent refractive and visual outcomes with minimal complications. In eyes followed for 24 months, the refractive correction remained stable after 6 months. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:343-354.]
Contrast Sensitivity After LASIK, LASEK, and Wavefront-guided LASEK With the VISX S4 Laser
Authors: Kim Tae Wan , Wee Won Ryang , Lee Jin Hak , Kim Mee Kum 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the changes in contrast sensitivity and glare after corneal refractive surgery for moderate myopia.
METHODS: The study comprised 267 eyes of 149 patients who underwent LASIK, laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK), or wavefront-guided LASEK with the VISX STAR S4. Contrast sensitivity was measured with VCTS 6500 before surgery and at 2 and 6 months postoperatively. Glare was evaluated using questionnaires and the ALC glare test at last follow-up. Contrast sensitivity at 2 and 6 months was compared with preoperative contrast sensitivity in each group. Glare sensitivity in each group was compared to normal controls.
RESULTS: Contrast sensitivity did not change after LASIK (P>.05). Contrast sensitivity of 3 and 6 cylces per degree (cpd) at 2 months increased after LASEK (P<.05) and contrast sensitivity of 6, 12, and 18 cpd at 2 months and 3, 6, 12, and 18 cpd at 6 months improved in wavefront-guided LASEK (P<.05). Glare test and questionnaires did not show any significant difference between the groups.
CONCLUSIONS: Wavefront-guided LASEK induced significant increases in contrast sensitivity of moderate myopes at high spatial frequencies under mesopic conditions by 6 months. Glare was not affected by the different refractive procedures. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:355-361.]