bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retinal oxygen metabolism in patients with mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Olafsdottir Olof Birna , Saevarsdottir Hrafnhildur Sif , Hardarson Sveinn Hakon , Hannesdottir Kristin Hanna , Traustadottir Valgerdur Dora , Karlsson Robert Arnar , Einarsdottir Anna Bryndis , Jonsdottir Katrin Dilja , Stefansson Einar , Snaedal Jon 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIntroductionWe have previously reported that retinal vessel oxygen saturation is increased in mild‐to‐moderate dementia of Alzheimer's type when compared with healthy individuals. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is the predementia stage of the disease. The main purpose was to investigate if these changes are seen in MCI.MethodsRetinal vessel oxygen saturation was measured in 42 patients with MCI and 42 healthy individuals with a noninvasive retinal oximeter, Oxymap T1. The groups were paired according to age.ResultsArteriolar and venular oxygen saturation was increased in MCI patients compared to healthy individuals (arterioles: 93.1 ± 3.7% vs. 91.1 ± 3.4%, P = .01; venules: 59.6 ± 6.1% vs. 54.9 ± 6.4%, P = .001). Arteriovenous difference was decreased in MCI compared to healthy individuals (33.5 ± 4.5% vs. 36.2 ± 5.2%, P = .01).DiscussionIncreased retinal vessel oxygen saturation and decreased arteriovenous difference in MCI could reflect less oxygen extraction by retinal tissue. This indicates that retinal oxygen metabolism may be affected in patients with MCI.
Prostate Health Index (PHI) improves prostate cancer detection at initial biopsy in Taiwanese men with PSA 4–10 ng/mL
Authors: Hsieh Po‐Fan , Chang Chao‐Hsiang , Yang Chi‐Rei , Huang Chi‐Ping , Chen Wen‐Chi , Yeh Chin‐Chung , Chou Eric Chieh‐Lung , Chen Kuo‐Liang , Lien Chi‐Shun , Chen Guang‐Heng , Hsiao Po‐Jen , Chang Yi‐Huei , Wu Hsi‐Chin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this study, we aimed to validate the Prostate Health Index (PHI) for the detection of prostate cancer (PCa). We prospectively enrolled patients aged 50–75 years with a serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) level of 4–10 ng/mL undergoing transrectal biopsy of the prostate between April 2016 and May 2017. The primary outcome was the diagnostic performance of various PSA derivatives (total PSA, free PSA, %fPSA, p2PSA, %p2PSA, and PHI) to predict PCa. The secondary outcome was comparisons of PSA derivatives between patients with a Gleason score (GS) 6 and GS 7. PCa was diagnosed in 36 of 154 (23.4%) patients, and 26 (16.9%) had a GS 7. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves were significantly greater in %p 2PSA and PHI than in PSA (0.76 vs. 0.57, p = 0.015 and 0.77 vs. 0.57, p = 0.004, respectively). Patients with a GS 7PCa had marginally higher %p2PSA and PHI than those with a GS of 6 (17.8 vs. 12.73, p = 0.06; 46.58 vs. 31.55, p = 0.05). At a PHI cutoff value of 29.6, the sensitivity and specificity were 77.8% and 67.8% in detecting PCa, respectively. In addition, 57.1% of the patients avoided an unnecessary biopsy, while three patients (1.9%) with GS 7 PCa were missed. In conclusion, the ability of %p2PSA and PHI to predict prostate biopsy outcome was better than that of PSA and %fPSA in the initial biopsy in Taiwanese men with serum PSA between 4 and 10 ng/mL.
OCCURRENCE, DAMAGE PATTERN AND STATUS OF THE RICE LEAF FOLDER CNAPHALOCROCIS RURALIS WALKER (LEPIDOPTERA: CRAMBIDAE) IN ERIANTHUS SPP. IN INDIA
Authors: MAHESH P. , SRIKANTH J. , CHANDRAN K. , SINGARAVELU B. , SALIN K. P. , JAYABOSE C. , BALAN S. 
Published: April 2018

SUMMARYWe investigated the occurrence and status of the leaf folder Cnaphalocrocis ruralis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in accessions of Erianthus spp. maintained as a part of the world germplasm collection at the Research Center of ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Kannur, Kerala State, India. The nature, pattern, extent and year-to-year variation in damage were examined and accessions categorized based on relative incidence. The larvae of C. ruralis caused characteristic injury by feeding on chlorophyll bearing tissues leading to the formation of white and transparent streaks on the leaf blade. The grown-up larvae folded the leaf longitudinally with the adaxial surface inside the fold and exposing the abaxial surface, the edges being held in place by bands of silk thread at regular intervals. The length of leaf folds varied from 2.6 to 27.0 cm with a mean of 9.1 cm, which roughly constituted 7.3% of the mean length of the leaf blade. Leaf length, leaf width and leaf area were not correlated with either the leaf fold length or the number of webs. However, the leaf fold length was positively correlated with the number of webs. Attack rates (infestation rate) on cane basis (up to 69.0%) were generally higher than the damage rates (intensity) on leaf basis (up to 50.0%); infestation index ranged between 0.0 and 13.7%. Correlations between infestation rate and intensity varied among the three study years. Non-parametric analysis indicated significant differences among the three years for percent of infested canes and infestation index but not percent of damaged leaves. All accessions showed C. ruralis incidence in at least one experimental year, indicating that none of the accessions tested was immune to its attack. When all 74 accessions were considered on the basis of infestation index, 85.1% were placed in low and moderate categories and only 14.9% in high incidence category. Within the accessions of Erianthus spp., leaf area was not related to infestation rate of cane or damage rate of leaves but positively related to infestation index. The dynamics of the leaf folder in the predominantly paddy ecosystem were discussed in the light of its first occurrence in Erianthus spp. accessions in India and the world.
Research Replication: Practical Considerations
Authors: Michael Alvarez R. , Key Ellen M. , Núñez Lucas 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTWith the discipline’s push toward data access and research transparency (DA-RT), journal replication archives are becoming increasingly common. As researchers work to ensure that replication materials are provided, they also should pay attention to the content—rather than simply the provision—of journal archives. Based on our experience in analyzing and handling journal replication materials, we present a series of recommendations that can make them easier to understand and use. The provision of clear, functional, and well-documented replication materials is key for achieving the goals of transparent and replicable research. Furthermore, good replication materials enhance the development of extensions and related research by making state-of-the-art methodologies and analyses more accessible.
Snack food as a modulator of human resting-state functional connectivity
Authors: Mendez-Torrijos Andrea , Kreitz Silke , Ivan Claudiu , Konerth Laura , Rösch Julie , Pischetsrieder Monika , Moll Gunther , Kratz Oliver , Dörfler Arnd , Horndasch Stefanie , Hess Andreas 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveTo elucidate the mechanisms of how snack foods may induce non-homeostatic food intake, we used resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), as resting state networks can individually adapt to experience after short time exposures. In addition, we used graph theoretical analysis together with machine learning techniques (support vector machine) to identifying biomarkers that can categorize between high-caloric (potato chips) vs. low-caloric (zucchini) food stimulation.MethodsSeventeen healthy human subjects with body mass index (BMI) 19 to 27 underwent 2 different fMRI sessions where an initial resting state scan was acquired, followed by visual presentation of different images of potato chips and zucchini. There was then a 5-minute pause to ingest food (day 1=potato chips, day 3=zucchini), followed by a second resting state scan. fMRI data were further analyzed using graph theory analysis and support vector machine techniques.ResultsPotato chips vs. zucchini stimulation led to significant connectivity changes. The support vector machine was able to accurately categorize the 2 types of food stimuli with 100% accuracy. Visual, auditory, and somatosensory structures, as well as thalamus, insula, and basal ganglia were found to be important for food classification. After potato chips consumption, the BMI was associated with the path length and degree in nucleus accumbens, middle temporal gyrus, and thalamus.ConclusionThe results suggest that high vs. low caloric food stimulation in healthy individuals can induce significant changes in resting state networks. These changes can be detected using graph theory measures in conjunction with support vector machine. Additionally, we found that the BMI affects the response of the nucleus accumbens when high caloric food is consumed.
Possession identification in text
Authors: BANEA CARMEN , MIHALCEA RADA 
Published: April 2018

AbstractJust as industrialization matured from mass production to customization and personalization, so has the Web migrated from generic content to public disclosures of one’s most intimately held thoughts, opinions, and beliefs. This relatively new type of data is able to represent finer and more narrowly defined demographic slices. If until now researchers have primarily focused on leveraging personalized content to identify latent information such as gender, nationality, location, or age, this article seeks to establish a structured way of extracting possessions, or items that people own or are entitled to, as a way to ultimately provide insights into people’s behaviors and characteristics. We introduce the new task of ‘possession identification in text’, and release a novel dataset where possessions are marked at different confidence levels. We present experiments and results obtained when seeking to automatically identify and extract possessions from the text.
Rustic figuration
Authors: Karlsson Ulrika 
Published: April 2018

The entwined relationships between the physical and the computational continue to produce sensibilities where our understanding of the division between them is becoming blurred. The prolog to Rustic Figurations identifies a growing interest in disciplinary questions on the role of history and the history of digital tools and techniques of representation to support and understand the cultural context of architecture. The second part of the text tries to describe, define and situate rustic figuration as an aesthetic and material concept in architecture that has developed through the architectural design research of the practices servo and Brrum, in parallel with research into the history of rustication.The notion of rustic figuration is imbued with architectural qualities that oscillate between the legibility of form and geometry and the disappearance of that legibility. Aspects of legibility are discussed in relation to related discourses in architectural history, as well as in the context of a few contemporary practices and projects that engage both computational and analogue techniques for design, communication and fabrication. The qualities of rustic figuration in the projects are neither bound by the unique properties of the building materials, nor by the computational information but happen in the translations between digital information and material manifestation or vice versa.
Global negative effects of nitrogen deposition on soil microbes
Authors: Zhang Tian’an , Chen Han Y H , Ruan Honghua 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Soil microbes comprise a large portion of the genetic diversity on Earth and influence a large number of important ecosystem processes. Increasing atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition represents a major global change driver; however, it is still debated whether the impacts of N deposition on soil microbial biomass and respiration are ecosystem-type dependent. Moreover, the extent of N deposition impacts on microbial composition remains unclear. Here we conduct a global meta-analysis using 1408 paired observations from 151 studies to evaluate the responses of soil microbial biomass, composition, and function to N addition. We show that nitrogen addition reduced total microbial biomass, bacterial biomass, fungal biomass, biomass carbon, and microbial respiration. Importantly, these negative effects increased with N application rate and experimental duration. Nitrogen addition reduced the fungi to bacteria ratio and the relative abundances of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and gram-negative bacteria and increased gram-positive bacteria. Our structural equation modeling showed that the negative effects of N application on soil microbial abundance and composition led to reduced microbial respiration. The effects of N addition were consistent across global terrestrial ecosystems. Our results suggest that atmospheric N deposition negatively affects soil microbial growth, composition, and function across all terrestrial ecosystems, with more pronounced effects with increasing N deposition rate and duration.
Short-term dynamics and interactions of marine protist communities during the spring–summer transition
Authors: Berdjeb Lyria , Parada Alma , Needham David M , Fuhrman Jed A 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
We examined the short-term variability, by daily to weekly sampling, of protist assemblages from March to July in surface water of the San Pedro Ocean Time-series station (eastern North Pacific), by V4 Illumina sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene. The sampling period encompassed a spring bloom followed by progression to summer conditions. Several protistan taxa displayed sharp increases and declines, with whole community Bray–Curtis dissimilarities of adjacent days being 66% in March and 40% in May. High initial abundance of parasitic Cercozoa Cryothecomonas longipes and Protaspis grandis coincided with a precipitous decline of blooming Pseudo-nitzschia diatoms, possibly suggesting their massive infection by these parasites; these cercozoans were hardly detectable afterwards. Canonical correspondence analysis indicated a limited predictability of community variability from environmental factors. This indicates that other factors are relevant in explaining changes in protist community composition at short temporal scales, such as interspecific relationships, stochastic processes, mixing with adjacent water, or advection of patches with different protist communities. Association network analysis revealed that interactions between the many parasitic OTUs and other taxa were overwhelmingly positive and suggest that although sometimes parasites may cause a crash of host populations, they may often follow their hosts and do not regularly cause enough mortality to potentially create negative correlations at the daily to weekly time scales we studied.
Maternal deprivation induces alterations in cognitive and cortical function in adulthood
Authors: Janetsian-Fritz Sarine S. , Timme Nicholas M. , Timm Maureen M. , McCane Aqilah M. , Baucum II Anthony J. , O’Donnell Brian F. , Lapish Christopher C. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractEarly life trauma is a risk factor for a number of neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia (SZ). The current study assessed how an early life traumatic event, maternal deprivation (MD), alters cognition and brain function in rodents. Rats were maternally deprived in the early postnatal period and then recognition memory (RM) was tested in adulthood using the novel object recognition task. The expression of catechol-o-methyl transferase (COMT) and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD67) were quantified in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), ventral striatum, and temporal cortex (TC). In addition, depth EEG recordings were obtained from the mPFC, vertex, and TC during a paired-click paradigm to assess the effects of MD on sensory gating. MD animals exhibited impaired RM, lower expression of COMT in the mPFC and TC, and lower expression of GAD67 in the TC. Increased bioelectric noise was observed at each recording site of MD animals. MD animals also exhibited altered information theoretic measures of stimulus encoding. These data indicate that a neurodevelopmental perturbation yields persistent alterations in cognition and brain function, and are consistent with human studies that identified relationships between allelic differences in COMT and GAD67 and bioelectric noise. These changes evoked by MD also lead to alterations in shared information between cognitive and primary sensory processing areas, which provides insight into how early life trauma confers a risk for neurodevelopmental disorders, such as SZ, later in life.
Downregulation of lumican accelerates lung cancer cell invasion through p120 catenin
Authors: Yang Cheng-Ta , Li Jhy-Ming , Chu Wing-Keung , Chow Shu-Er 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe overexpression of lumican has been found in lung cancer cells; however, the functional role of lumican in lung cancer cells remains unclear. In this study, we found lumican functioned as a tubulin-binding protein and the depletion of lumican by transfection with its specific shRNA increased lung cancer cell invasion. Such alterations led to morphological changes and actin cytoskeleton remodeling, including the induction of membrane ruffling or protrusion and stress fiber formation, correlated with the increased activities of Rac and Rho. The downregulation of lumican was also implicated in macrophage-conditioned media (maCM)-induced cell invasion. Immunofluorescence images and immunoprecipitation assays revealed the co-localization of p120-catenin (p120ctn) and lumican. Reduction in the levels of p120ctn induced membrane ruffling and the activation of the Rho family, which accelerated cell invasion. Our data indicated that lumican is associated with microtubule-modulated p120ctn signaling, providing important insights into lung cancer progression.
Nuclear receptor binding protein 1 correlates with better prognosis and induces caspase-dependent intrinsic apoptosis through the JNK signalling pathway in colorectal cancer
Authors: Liao Yi , Yang Zihuan , Huang Jintuan , Chen Hao , Xiang Jun , Li Senmao , Chen Chunyu , He Xuan , Lin Feng , Yang Zuli , Wang Jianping 
Published: April 2018

AbstractNuclear receptor binding protein 1 (NRBP1) is a ubiquitously expressed and highly conserved pseudokinase that has important roles in cellular homoeostasis. Despite recent advances in understanding the biology of NRBP1, the role of NRBP1 and its underlying mechanism in colorectal cancer (CRC) have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we observed that NRBP1 expression levels were significantly reduced in CRC tissues compared with corresponding adjacent normal tissues, and high NRBP1 expression correlated with better prognosis in CRC. Overexpression of NRBP1 inhibited CRC cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, knockdown of NRBP1 expression increased cell proliferation and decreased the percentage of apoptotic cells. Moreover, overexpression of NRBP1 activated caspase-dependent intrinsic apoptosis. In addition, we further discovered that NRBP1 regulated the apoptotic pathway through interaction with JNK. Finally, NRBP1 overexpression led to attenuated CRC growth in a xenograft mouse model. Our study illustrates the suppressor role of NRBP1 in CRC and provides a potential therapeutic target.
Increased autophagy in EOC re-ascites cells can inhibit cell death and promote drug resistance
Authors: Liu Yu , Tang Jing , Liu Duanyang , Zhang Lei , He Yan , Li Jing , Gao Lei , Tang Dai , Jin Xiaoming , Kong Dan 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
As the major and preferred treatment for ovarian cancer ascites, chemotherapy can reduce or inhibit recurrent ascites (hereafter re-ascites); however, some patients still experience re-ascites. Therefore, this study investigated cases in which epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients experienced re-ascites. In re-ascites cases, CA125, MDR1, LC-3, and Beclin-1 were highly expressed. In addition, CASP-9 and c-CASP-3 expression levels were decreased, and serum CA125 levels (highest 4348 U/ml) were increased compared to chemosensitive cases. The results suggest that high expression levels of Beclin-1 and LC-3, thus increasing the level of autophagy and inhibiting apoptosis in the no-chemotherapy group. In the chemosensitive group, survivin expression was decreased and CASP-9 expression was increased, which led to c-CASP-3 activation and increased tumor cell apoptosis. The results of the cell lines confirm that inhibition of autophagy can increase the sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells to CDDP and promote CDDP-induced cell death. Re-ascites, which appears after chemotherapy, may be associated with drug resistance. In addition, increased autophagy may protect tumor cells from chemotherapeutic drugs, thus inhibiting tumor cell death.
Stomatin-like protein 2 regulates survivin expression in non-small cell lung cancer cells through β-catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Yang Cheng-Ta , Li Jhy-Ming , Li Li-Fu , Ko Yu-Shien , Chen Jeng-Ting 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe overexpression of stomatin-like protein-2 (SLP-2) is commonly observed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. In the present study, we transfected a number of NSCLC cells with an SLP-2 shRNA-expressing vector (AdSLP2i) and examined its possible effects on cell growth and apoptosis. We found that suppression of SLP-2 expression inhibited cell growth, and that the apoptosis induced by SLP-2 suppression was correlated with decreased survivin protein expression. Moreover, the reduced survivin expression was found to be associated with reduced β-catenin nuclear localization and appeared not to be modulated through the AKT signaling pathway. By using immunoprecipitation and proteomics to analyze protein–protein interactions in A549 cells with SLP-2 overexpression, we found that annexin A2 interacted with SLP-2 and β-catenin directly. Our data further suggested that the knockdown of SLP-2 gene affected the SLP-2/Annexin A2/β-catenin cascade formation, reduced the translocation of cytoplasmic β-catenin into nucleus, and downregulated downstream target genes. The results presented in this study, together with our previous findings, suggest that SLP-2 promotes NSCLC cell proliferation by enhancing survivin expression mediated via β-catenin pathway.
Adsorption-based atmospheric water harvesting device for arid climates
Authors: Kim Hyunho , Rao Sameer R. , Kapustin Eugene A. , Zhao Lin , Yang Sungwoo , Yaghi Omar M. , Wang Evelyn N. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWater scarcity is a particularly severe challenge in arid and desert climates. While a substantial amount of water is present in the form of vapour in the atmosphere, harvesting this water by state-of-the-art dewing technology can be extremely energy intensive and impractical, particularly when the relative humidity (RH) is low (i.e., below ~40% RH). In contrast, atmospheric water generators that utilise sorbents enable capture of vapour at low RH conditions and can be driven by the abundant source of solar-thermal energy with higher efficiency. Here, we demonstrate an air-cooled sorbent-based atmospheric water harvesting device using the metal−organic framework (MOF)-801 [Zr6O4(OH)4(fumarate)6] operating in an exceptionally arid climate (10–40% RH) and sub-zero dew points (Tempe, Arizona, USA) with a thermal efficiency (solar input to water conversion) of ~14%. We predict that this device delivered over 0.25 L of water per kg of MOF for a single daily cycle.