bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound‐Assisted Extraction of Chitosan from Squid Pen: Molecular Characterization and Fat Binding Capacity
Authors: Singh Avtar , Benjakul Soottawat , Prodpran Thummanoon 
Published: January 2019

AbstractChitosan from squid (Loligo formosana) pens were prepared and characterized. First, ultrasonication condition was optimized for deproteinization of squid pens using central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM). Squid pens were ultrasonicated at amplitude 69% for 41.46 min at the solid/solvent ratio of 1:18 yielded 34% (w/w) chitin with the lowest remaining protein. Therefore, ultrasonication effectively reduced the extraction time for chitin production from squid pens as compared to traditional method (5 hr). When the resultant chitin was subjected to deacetylation at different temperatures and times, yield and degree of deacetylation (DDA) of chitosan were in the range of 50% to 65% (w/w) and 78% to 90%. Intrinsic viscosity and molecular weight (MW) of chitosan were in the range of 3.2 to 6.52 dL/g and 1.2 × 105 to 3.2 × 105 Da, respectively. All the chitosans with different DDA were able to bind oil droplets under the mimicked pH condition of gastrointestinal tract. Chitosan produced by deacetylation at 130 °C for 2 hr (CH130‐2) showed the optimum yield (54%) and had medium MW (1.5 × 105 Da). DDA of CH130‐2 determined using 1H‐NMR was 89%, which was similar to that (87%) obtained from FTIR. XRD results showed destruction of chitin structure and decreased crystallinity index from 55% to 27% after deacetylation. CH130‐2 stabilized the emulsion under the simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Therefore, it could be used as dietary fiber to control the adsorption of fat/oil in the human digestive tract.Practical ApplicationChitin and chitosan are marketable products manufactured from crustacean shells. However, extraction of chitin is time consuming. Ultrasonication has been used for extraction of various biomolecules from different sources. It effectively lowers the processing time and enhances extraction yield. Therefore, application of ultrasonication with optimized condition using RSM could reduce extraction time and enhance yield of chitin from squid pen. Chitin from squid pen could be further converted to chitosan with high DDA. Chitosan was able to act as a dietary fiber and reduce fat absorption in gastrointestinal tract. Thus, this information is of benefit for squid processing industry to exploit squid pen, a processing byproduct.
Keeping Out Extreme Inequality from the SDG Agenda – The Politics of Indicators
Authors: Fukuda‐Parr Sakiko 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe SDGs are important because they set consensus norms. At face value, Goal 10 sets a strong norm on reducing inequality within and between countries. Yet this is undermined and distorted by the targets and indicators which are weak and set an agenda for inclusion rather than for reducing inequalities. This paper explains this paradox as a result of an intense contestation over the framing of the inequality agenda as inclusion, focusing on the poor and excluded, rather than on extreme inequality. The paper provides a detailed account of the negotiations and argues that the insertion of the shared prosperity measure in setting the target on vertical economic inequality (rather than distribution measures such as Gini or Palma ratio) was strategic. It concludes that the political choice over the meaning of a norm is made on what is said to be a technical basis. The technical and political considerations cannot be disentangled and greater transparency on the policy strengths and weaknesses of measurement choices is needed.
The IHME in the Shifting Landscape of Global Health Metrics
Authors: Mahajan Manjari 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe rise of the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) has augured profound changes in the landscape of global health metrics. Primarily funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the IHME has offered donors a platform for assessing many health‐related Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) indicators and a toolkit to measure the progress of different countries. The IHME's increasing influence reveals the relative sidelining of international agencies and especially the World Health Organization which has long been central to global health metrics production. This shift reflects a growing conflict between the expertise and norms of national and intergovernmental statistical production on the one hand, and the distinct epistemologies and logics of new non‐state data actors. These transitions – from an international world of statistics to a more plural, global realm of data – have acute implications for the politics and accountability of knowledge production related to the SDGs and development writ large. Even as the SDGs embrace the rubric of ‘no one left behind’, the emerging data politics might be eroding the ability of poorer states to know and act upon their development problems on their own terms.
Pirate Wireless: Revenue Recognition in the Telecommunications Industry
Authors: Henry Theresa F. , Mest David P. , Safar Mona L. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPirate Wireless is a telecommunications company with stores and offices all over the globe. Jim Bayley is an extremely busy professional who enters into a contract with Pirate Wireless for the ultimate purchase of a smartphone with one‐year warranty, voice and data services, Cryptonite encryption software, and an extended warranty. The case requires students to act as Assistant Controller of Pirate Wireless Corporate and determine the appropriate revenue recognition for Pirate Wireless's contract with Jim Bayley. This mandates a thorough review of the five steps of revenue recognition set forth in Revenue from Contracts with Customers, the jointly converged standard issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) in May 2014. The FASB's Accounting Standards Codification 606 is effective for all U.S. public entities for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2017. The IASB's International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) 15 applies to an entity's first annual IFRS financial statements for a period beginning on or after January 1, 2018. This case is appropriate for an undergraduate or graduate level Intermediate Accounting course.
The global incidence and prevalence of anaphylaxis in children in the general population: A systematic review
Authors: Wang Yichao , Allen Katrina J. , Suaini Noor H. A. , McWilliam Vicki , Peters Rachel L. , Koplin Jennifer J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundDespite an increasing number of publications from individual countries and regions, there is still no systematic review of the global epidemiology of anaphylaxis in the general paediatric population.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review, using a protocol registered and published with the international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO). Results were reported following PRISMA guidelines. The search strategy was designed in Medline (ovid) and modified for Embase (ovid) and PubMed. Papers were screened by two independent reviewers following selection and exclusion criteria. Data extraction and risk of bias assessment were completed by the same two reviewers. Studies in adults only or those that did not report data in children separately were excluded.ResultsA final total of 59 articles were included. Of these, 5 reported cumulative incidence, 39 reported incidence rate and 17 reported prevalence data. The incidence of anaphylaxis in children worldwide varied widely, ranging from 1 to 761 per 100 000 person‐years for total anaphylaxis and 1 to 77 per 100 000 person‐years for food‐induced anaphylaxis. The definition of anaphylaxis from NIAID/FAAN was the most commonly used. Gender and ethnicity were demographic risk factors associated with anaphylaxis in children. Increasing total or food‐induced anaphylaxis incidence over time was reported by 19 studies.ConclusionThe reported incidence of anaphylaxis in children varied widely. Studies in developing countries are underrepresented. To accurately compare anaphylaxis incidence between countries and investigate the time trends, further studies using a standardized definition across different countries are required.
Prediction of large‐for‐gestational‐age infants in pregnancies complicated by obesity: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Åmark Hanna , Westgren Magnus , Persson Martina 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIntroductionInfants born large for gestational age (LGA) have increased risks of adverse perinatal outcomes. Maternal obesity, defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2, is one of the most prevalent risk factors for LGA and the proportion of pregnancies complicated by obesity is increasing. Early identification of women with BMI ≥30 kg/m2 at increased risk of giving birth to an LGA infant may open possibilities for prevention, aiming at decreasing the incidence of LGA.Material and methodsA population‐based cohort study using information from the first‐trimester screening database, which was cross‐linked with the Swedish Medical Birth Register. The database included 139 277 full‐term singletons without fetal anomalies born between 2006 and 2015 to mothers without prepregnancy diabetes. Of these, 9.1% (n = 12 704) were infants of mothers with BMI ≥30 kg/m2. For all women with BMI ≥30 kg/m2, a prediction model for LGA to be used in early pregnancy was constructed based on information on biochemical markers and maternal characteristics. A similar model, as well as a prepregnancy prediction model, were constructed for parous women with BMI ≥30 kg/m2. In parous women, data from the previous pregnancy were also used. Receiver operating characteristic curve and area under curve (AUC) were calculated.ResultsThe predictive models for LGA in parous women with BMI ≥30 kg/m2 prepregnancy and in early pregnancy had AUCs of 0.80 (95% CI 0.78‐0.82) and 0.81 (95% CI 0.79‐0.82), respectively. For all women with BMI ≥30 kg/m2, the prediction of LGA in early pregnancy had an AUC of 0.66 (95% CI 0.64‐0.67).ConclusionsPerformance of the prepregnancy and early pregnancy prediction models for LGA in parous women with BMI ≥30 kg/m2 was good. The predictive capacity was largely driven by previous child's birthweight. First‐trimester measurements of fetal size did not improve the predictive capacity in parous women. Predictions of LGA in all women with BMI ≥30 kg/m2 in early pregnancy, without taking previous child's birthweight into account, remain difficult.
Systematic review: epidemiology and response to direct‐acting antiviral therapy in genotype 6 chronic hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Mettikanont Panita , Bunchorntavakul Chalermrat , Reddy K. Rajender 
Published: January 2019

SummaryBackgroundHepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 6 (GT6) is predominantly encountered in Southeast Asia and data on GT6 response to direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) therapy are relatively limited.AimTo review the epidemiology and virologic outcome of DAA regimens in HCV GT6 patients.MethodsElectronic literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, and The Cochrane Library databases were conducted.ResultsHepatitis C virus genotype 6 is the most genetically diverse, has a prevalence of 19.9%‐95.6% in HCV infected patients in Southeast Asia and has been associated with a higher risk of HCC in those with cirrhosis. After an extensive literature review, a total of 20 studies were selected to assess study population and treatment outcomes (total of 938 GT6 patients were included); 12 were clinical trials and eight were observational studies. Sustained virologic response at week 12 (SVR 12) following glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (n = 4; 108 patients), ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (n = 8; 427 patients), sofosbuvir/velpatasvir with or without voxilaprevir (n = 5; 171 patients), sofosbuvir/daclatasvir (n = 3; 172 patients) and sofosbuvir with ribavirin (n = 3; 60 patients) was 98%‐100%, 64%‐100%, 100%, 88%‐94% and 100%, respectively. Failure was mostly in those with cirrhosis and prior treatment experience. DAA therapy was well tolerated and with a serious adverse event rate of <5%.ConclusionsHepatitis C virus genotype 6 is genetically diverse and is highly prevalent in Asia. While SVR rates have been high, cirrhosis and prior treatment experience marginally compromise response to DAAs. Large scale and exclusive studies in HCV genotype 6 prevalent areas are needed, while the current evidence suggests that DAAs are highly effective and safe.
Editorial: liver transplantation for primary biliary cholangitis—the need for timely and more effective treatments. Authors' reply
Authors: Harms Maren H. , van Buuren Henk R. , Hansen Bettina E. , Metselaar Herold J. 
Published: January 2019

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Harms et al and Gerussi et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15060 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15095.
Longitudinal analysis of CA19‐9 reveals individualised normal range and early changes before development of biliary tract cancer in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Wannhoff Andreas , Brune Maik , Knierim Johannes , Weiss Karl Heinz , Rupp Christian , Gotthardt Daniel N. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryBackgroundPrimary sclerosing cholangitis is associated with an increased risk of biliary tract cancer. Carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 (CA19‐9) can be used to screen for these malignancies.AimTo perform a longitudinal analysis of CA19‐9 in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of CA19‐9 values in patients who had primary sclerosing cholangitis, with and without biliary malignancy. We calculated the index of individuality and reference change value in patients who were cancer‐free. Long‐term analysis of CA19‐9 in cancer‐free patients was performed and we assessed the change of CA19‐9 prior to diagnosis of cancer.ResultsWe obtained 1818 CA19‐9 values from 247 patients, including 32 with malignancy. Median CA19‐9 in cancer‐free individuals was 15.6 U/mL. The index of individuality was 0.37 and the reference change value was 46.23%. In cancer‐free patients, no significant change in CA19‐9 was observed at 1, 2, 5, 7, 10, 15, and 20 years after initial diagnosis of primary sclerosing cholangitis. In patients with biliary tract cancer, CA19‐9 was higher at 3 months prior to diagnosis (P < 0.05) than at 6 months before diagnosis and was also higher than at 3 months prior to last follow‐up in cancer‐free patients (P < 0.05). In 92.9% of patients with biliary cancer, we found an increase in CA19‐9 of >46.23% in the year prior to cancer diagnosis.ConclusionsCA19‐9 in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis is highly individual, and the reference change value should be preferred to reference intervals. In this study, CA19‐9 remained stable in patients who were cancer‐free but increased early in those who developed biliary tract cancer. Regular CA19‐9 measurement might improve early detection of these malignancies.
Two‐dimensional mental health and related predictors among adolescents in Korea
Authors: Yoo Changmin , Kahng Sang Kyoung 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis study examined whether the factor structure of mental health consists of two dimensions (positive and negative mental health) and whether the two dimensions are associated with different predictors. For this purpose, data from the 471 adolescents who participated in the 2012 Children Supplementary Survey of Korean Welfare Panel Study were used. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the two‐factor correlated model fits the data significantly better than the one‐factor model. Multivariate analyses revealed that factors associated with positive mental health differ from factors associated with negative mental health. These findings suggest that mental health professionals should consider the dual structure of subjective well‐being and suicidal ideation in the process of assessment and intervention.
Associations among cervical dilatation at admission, intrapartum care, and birth mode in low‐risk, nulliparous women
Authors: Iobst Stacey E. , Breman Rachel B. , Bingham Debra , Storr Carla L. , Zhu Shijun , Johantgen Meg 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundAdmission in early labor is associated with increased likelihood of cesarean birth, but the context in which this occurs is unclear. Previous research has explored the relationship between dilatation at admission and the use of single intrapartum interventions; however, the majority of women in the United States receive multiple intrapartum interventions. The objective of this study was to examine the associations among cervical dilatation at admission, intrapartum care, and birth mode in low‐risk, nulliparous women with spontaneous onset of labor.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional, observational study of 21 858 nulliparous, singleton, term vertex births that occurred from 2002 to 2007 across nine hospitals in the Consortium on Safe Labor. Outcome measures included the individual and combined use of intrapartum interventions (amniotomy, epidural anesthesia, oxytocin augmentation) and birth mode.ResultsIn this sample, 92.0% of women received at least one intrapartum intervention and 22.7% received all three interventions. After propensity score adjustment, women were more than twice as likely to receive the combination of amniotomy‐epidural‐oxytocin when admitted at 0‐3 cm (RR 2.83 [95% CI 2.45‐3.27]) and 4‐5 cm (2.49 [2.15‐2.89]) compared to 6‐10 cm. Adjusted likelihood of cesarean birth was five times greater for women admitted at 0‐3 cm (5.26 [4.36‐6.34]) and two times greater for women admitted at 4‐5 cm (2.27 [1.86‐2.77]) compared to 6‐10 cm.ConclusionsTo promote normal physiologic birth, low‐risk, nulliparous women should be engaged in shared decision‐making about timing of admission after spontaneous onset of labor.
Debate: Looking forward: choose data over opinions to best serve youth with bipolar spectrum disorders – commentary on Parry et al. (2018)
Authors: Van Meter Anna R. , Moreira Ana Lúcia R. , Youngstrom Eric A. 
Published: January 2019

Over the past two decades, research on pediatric bipolar disorder has grown geometrically. The diagnosis of pediatric bipolar disorder was met with enthusiasm, which in healthy doses catalyzed change, and skepticism, which in good measure pushes for rigor. Skepticism led to productive questions about the phenomenology of pediatric bipolar disorder and how best to diagnose and treat it. With regard to prevalence, key questions included whether it was increasing over time, and whether it was limited to the United States. In 2011, we published a meta‐analysis addressing the prevalence questions; results indicated that bipolar disorder manifested at statistically indistinguishable rates in youth community samples across the world. In their recent paper, Parry et al. examine the studies included in the 2011 meta‐analysis using a qualitative approach. Their opinion piece represents a step backwards; every study has shortcomings, but in focusing on a dozen individual studies, Parry et al. fail to take into account the preponderance of evidence – literally thousands of articles across countries, cohorts and methodologies – that support the existence of bipolar disorder in both prepubescent youth and adolescents. This commentary addresses misperceptions regarding the diagnosis of bipolar disorder in youth, particularly with regard to cross‐informant agreement, to present converging data from international sources regarding the onset of bipolar disorder in childhood, and to correct the false claim that pediatric bipolar disorder is controversial. As clinicians and researchers, we have an obligation to do what we can to improve the lives of youth affected by mental illness. Denying the existence of a serious mood disorder will not serve the best interests of young people and will perpetuate the long delays many experience before getting an accurate diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and a fair chance at a good quality of life.
Exploring binding mechanisms of VEGFR2 with three drugs lenvatinib, sorafenib, and sunitinib by molecular dynamics simulation and free energy calculation
Authors: Wang Yu , Peng Cheng , Wang Guimin , Xu Zhijian , Luo Yongfeng , Wang Jinan , Zhu Weiliang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractLenvatinib (LEN), sorafenib (SOR), and sunitinib (SUN) are drugs targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2). Despite sharing similar chemical structures and bioactivities, LEN and SOR bind to different functional states of VEGFR2, viz. DFG‐in and DFG‐out state, respectively. SUN binds to the DFG‐out state of VEGFR2 just like SOR but with less potency. Thus, detail binding mechanisms between VEGFR2 and these drugs, especially dynamic interaction, are valuable for future drug design. In the present work, molecular dynamics simulation, essential dynamic analysis, and molecular mechanics/generalized born surface area were performed to these VEGFR2–drugs systems. Rank of calculated binding affinities is in accordance with the experimental data. The binding free energy calculation suggests that van der Waals interaction plays a vital role in the binding. Per‐residue free energy decomposition indicates that residues L840, V848, A866, E885, L889, V899, V916, F918, C919, L1035, C1045, D1046, and F1047 play an important role in the binding between VEGFR2 and LEN/SOR. While residues L840, V848, E917, F918, C919, G922, L1035, and F1047 contribute the major hydrophobic interaction for SUN binding to the receptor. Our results also reveal that residue E885/D1046 plays a vital role in binding via forming hydrogen bonds with drugs.
Angiopoietin‐1 haploinsufficiency affects the endothelial barrier and causes hereditary angioedema
Authors: d'Apolito Maria , Santacroce Rosa , Colia Anna Laura , Cordisco Giorgia , Maffione Angela Bruna , Margaglione Maurizio 
Published: January 2019

SummaryBackgroundDifferent mutations of the angiopoietin‐1 gene (ANGPT1) have been associated with the occurrence of hereditary angioedema (HAE).ObjectiveThe purpose of the study is to clarify whether the ANGPT1 A119S variant plays its role via haploinsufficiency or a dominant negative effect.MethodsThe ability of ANGPT1 A119S variant to affect the endothelial barrier function was assessed by immunocytochemistry. Inter‐endothelial gap formation molecules primarily responsible for cell‐cell adhesions of HUVECs, vascular endothelial (VE)‐cadherin and β‐catenin, and reorganization of the F‐actin cytoskeletal were evaluated.ResultsIn in vitro conditions mimicking the heterozygous state, the p.A119S variant significantly reduced the capability to bind its natural receptor (80.7% of normal), less than the homozygous condition (59.1%). After stimulation of VEGF or bradykinin, the addiction to equimolar amounts of wtANGPT1 and ANGPT1 p.A119S clearly reduced the expression of VE‐cadherin on the endothelial cell surface (31% and 24% respectively). Likewise, cell surface expression of β‐catenin was reduced and severe gap formation between adjacent HUVECs developed. In cultured cells, β‐catenin expression was mostly observed along the cell surface. Treatment with equimolar amounts of wtANGPT1 and ANGPT1 p.A119S failed to restore the reorganization of the F‐actin cytoskeletal elements. ANGPT1 p.A119S variant in homozygous condition further diminished VE‐cadherin and β‐catenin expression and failed to reduce stress fibre formation significantly affecting the endothelial barrier functionality.Conclusions and Clinical RelevancePresent data show that in a heterozygous state the p.A119S substitution results in a pathogenic loss of function of the protein due to a mechanism of haploinsufficiency. The ANGPT1 reduced ability to counteract the increment of endothelial permeability produced by inducers, such as VEGF and bradykinin, stimulate vascular leakage and reorganization of the F‐actin cytoskeletal elements. As a result, a partial impairment of the ANGPT1 functionality, like when dominant mutations occur, represents a pathophysiological cause of HAE.