bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ability of household pitcher-style water purifiers to remove microcystins depends on filtration rate and activated carbon source
Authors: Chaffin Justin D. , Fox Erica L. , Nauman Callie A. , Slodysko Kristen N. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Toxic cyanobacterial blooms are a global threat to human health due to contamination of drinking water. To ensure public safety, water treatment plants must have the capability to remove cyanotoxins from water. Recently, however, there have been several instances when microcystins, a common group of cyanotoxins, have been detected in tap water. This research investigated if commercially available pitcher-style water purifiers were able to remove microcystins from water. Microcystins were extracted from two naturally occurring blooms in Lake Erie, diluted to initial concentrations ranging from 1 to 5 μg/L, and then subjected to three purifier types. Results showed that the purifier with the fastest percolation rate (126 seconds/L) and a filter cartridge comprised solely of coconut-based activated carbon removed 50% or less of the microcystins, while the purifier with the slowest percolation rate (374 seconds/L) and a blend of activated carbon decreased microcystins to below detectable levels (&lt;0.10 μg/L) in all experiments. Thus, pitcher-style purifiers with slow percolation rates and composed of a blend of active carbon can provide an additional layer of protection against microcystins; however, it is recommended that consumers switch water sources when cyanotoxins are confirmed to be in tap water.
Discovery of Hybrid Purine-quinoline Molecules and Their Cytotoxic Evaluation
Authors: Kapadiya Khushal M. , Khunt Ranjan C. 
Published: April 2018

Background:
Apart from the “hit drugs”, there are many others being studied for their
potent activity against several hostilities. To date, anticancer research has been exploited on the
inherent versatility and active core skeleton of the compounds. Literature suggests that nitrogen rich
molecules are most active and found in their potent cancer activity. Purine-based compounds such
as olomoucine and roscovitine, which contain other heterobicyclic ring systems, are useful for the
cell proliferation inhibitors in the treatment of many types of cancer.

Methods:
We put forward the novel purine based compounds, aryl amino-quinoline-purine by a
two-step procedure. In the first step, nitrogen rich molecule was synthesized by the coupling of 2,6-
dichloropurine with 3-aminoquinoline in an acidic reaction conditions at the C-6 position of purine.
Aryl amines were introduced at the C-2 position by acid catalyst and using polar solvent at comparatively
higher reaction conditions to furnish the desired products.

Results:
Stereochemical aspect was introduced for the identification of attachment of 3-
aminoquinoline at the C-2/ C-6 position of purine and it was concluded by the spectral analysis
(HMBC spectrum). The spectral data revealed that the first chloro-amine coupling was directed at
the C-6 position rather than C-2 and the second chloro-amine coupling by various aryl amines were
directed at the C-2 position. The applications of synthesized compounds were identified by their
cytotoxic study against NCI-60 cell-lines. Out of nine selected molecules by NCI, 5a has shown
promising response in a single dose study and GI50 value, 7.57 &#181;M indicated that it has 7.57% lethality
over HOP-92 cell-line (non-small cell lung cancer panel).

Conclusion:
Two straightforward novelties were introduced, first stereochemical identification for
chloro-amine coupling in purine either at the C-2 or C-6 position on the basis of HMBC spectrum.
And a second type of uniqueness was to identify better anti-cancer agents out of synthesized scaffolds.
Overall study shows that compound 5a is a novel therapeutic agent after modification for the
treatment of non-small cell lung and it satisfied determined threshold growth inhibition criteria at a
single dose level.
Human Fibronectin Extra-Domain B (EDB)-Specific Aptide (APTEDB) Radiolabelling with Technetium-99m as a Potent Targeted Tumour-Imaging Agent
Authors: Mohammadgholi Mohsen , Sadeghzadeh Nourollah , Erfani Mostafa , Abediankenari Saeid , Abedi Seyed Mohammad , Emrarian Iman , Jafari Narjes , Behzadi Ramezan 
Published: April 2018

Background:
Human fibronectin extra-domain B (EDB) is particularly expressed during angiogenesis
progression. It is, thus, a promising marker of tumour growth. Aptides are a novel class of peptides with
high-affinity binding to specific protein targets. APTEDB is an antagonist-like ligand that especially interacts with
human fibronectin EDB.

Objective:
This study was the first attempt in which the hydrazinonicotinamide (HYNIC)-conjugated APTEDB
was labelled with technetium-99m (99mTc) as an appropriate radiotracer and tricine/EDDA exchange labeling.

Methods:
Radiochemical purity, normal saline, and serum stability were evaluated by HPLC and radio-isotope
TLC scanner. Other examinations, such as protein-binding calculation, dissociation radioligand binding assay,
and partition coefficient constant determination, were also carried out. The cellular-specific binding of 99mTc-
HYNIC-conjugated APTEDB was assessed in two EDB-positive (U87MG) and EDB-negative (U373MG) cell
lines. Bio-distribution was investigated in normal mice as well as in U87MG and U373MG tumour-bearing
mice. Eventually, the radiolabelled APTEDB was used for tumour imaging using planar SPECT.

Results:
Radiolabelling was achieved with high purity (up to 97%) and accompanied by high solution (over
90% after overnight) and serum (80% after 2 hours) stability. The obtained cellular-specific binding ratio was
greater than nine-fold. In-vivo experiments showed rapid blood clearance with mainly renal excretion and tumour
uptake specificity (0.48±0.03% ID/g after 1h). The results of the imaging also confirmed considerable
tumour uptake for EDB-positive cell line compared with the EDB-negative one.

Conclusion:
Aptides are considered to be a potent candidate for biopharmaceutical applications. They can be
modified with imaging or therapeutic agents. This report shows the capability of 99mTc-HYNIC-APTEDB for
human EDB-expressing tumours detection.
Targeting Cell Necroptosis and Apoptosis Induced by Shikonin via Receptor Interacting Protein Kinases in Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer Cell Line, MCF-7
Authors: Shahsavari Zahra , Karami-Tehrani Fatemeh , Salami Siamak 
Published: April 2018

Background:
Recognition of a new therapeutic agent may activate an alternative programmed cell
death for the treatment of breast cancer.

Objective:
Here, it has been tried to evaluate the effects of Shikonin, a naphthoquinone derivative of Lithospermum
erythrorhizon, on the induction of necroptosis and apoptosis mediated by RIPK1-RIPK3 in the ER+ breast
cancer cell line, MCF-7.

Methods:
In the current study, cell death modalities, cell cycle patterns, RIPK1 and RIPK3 expressions,
caspase-3 and caspase-8 activities, reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial membrane potential have been
evaluated in the Shikonin-treated MCF-7 cells.

Results:
Necroptosis and apoptosis have been occurred by Shikonin, with a significant increase in RIPK1 and
RIPK3 expressions, although necroptosis was the major rout in MCF-7 cells. Shikonin significantly increased
the percentage of the cells in sub-G1 and also those in the later stages of cell cycle, which represents an increase
in necroptosis and apoptosis. Under caspase inhibition by Z-VAD-FMK, Shikonin has stimulated necroptosis,
which could be arrested by Nec-1. An increase in ROS levels and a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane
potential have also been observed.

Conclusion:
On the basis of present findings, Shikonin has been suggested as a good candidate for the induction
of cell death in ER+ breast cancer, although further investigations, experimental and clinical, are required.
Bacterial CRISPR Regions: General Features and their Potential for Epidemiological Molecular Typing Studies
Authors: Karimi Zahra , Ahmadi Ali , Najafi Ali , Ranjbar Reza 
Published: April 2018

Introduction:CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) loci as novel and applicable regions in prokaryotic genomes have gained great attraction in the post genomics era.Methods:These unique regions are diverse in number and sequence composition in different pathogenic bacteria and thereby can be a suitable candidate for molecular epidemiology and genotyping studies. Results:Furthermore, the arrayed structure of CRISPR loci (several unique repeats spaced with the variable sequence) and associatedcasgenes act as an active prokaryotic immune system against viral replication and conjugative elements. This property can be used as a tool for RNA editing in bioengineering studies.Conclusion:The aim of this review was to survey some details about the history, nature, and potential applications of CRISPR arrays in both genetic engineering and bacterial genotyping studies.
Male Partners’ Portion of Date Among Heterosexual College Students: Changes from 1999 to 2014 in Korea
Authors: Youn Gahyun 
Published: April 2018

Background:Traditionally, men are perceived as the initiators of dating activities, with women as submissive followers. In this view, paying for a date is the responsibility of the man.Methods:This study examined how much money Korean heterosexual college men have paid for dates during the past decade.Results:Many women have become initiators of the dating process as society has become more egalitarian, but many studies have reported that men still pay for the first few dates.Conclusion:Men have paid about 72% of all the expenses for a date in 1999 but the ratio dropped to about 63% in 2014.
HLA-DQ Mismatching and Kidney Transplant Outcomes
Authors: Leeaphorn Napat , Pena Jeremy Ryan A. , Thamcharoen Natanong , Khankin Eliyahu V. , Pavlakis Martha , Cardarelli Francesca 
Published: April 2018

Background and objectives
Recent evidence suggests that HLA epitope-mismatching at HLA-DQ loci is associated with the development of anti-DQ donor-specific antibodies and adverse graft outcomes. However, the clinical significance of broad antigen HLA-DQ mismatching for graft outcomes is not well examined.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Using the United Network Organ Sharing/the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (UNOS/OPTN) data, patients with primary kidney transplants performed between 2005 and 2014 were included. Patients were classified as having either zero HLA-DQ mismatches, or one or two HLA-DQ mismatches. Primary outcomes were death-censored graft survival and incidence of acute rejection.

Results
A total of 93,782 patients were included. Of these, 22,730 (24%) and 71,052 (76%) received zero and one or two HLA-DQ mismatched kidneys, respectively. After adjusting for variables including HLA-ABDR, HLA-DQ mismatching was associated with a higher risk of graft loss in living kidney donor recipients with an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 1.18 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.07 to 1.30; P<0.01), but not in deceased kidney donor recipients (HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.98 to 1.12; P=0.18) (P value for interaction <0.01). When taking cold ischemic time into account, HLA-DQ mismatching was associated with a higher risk of graft loss in deceased kidney donor recipients with cold ischemic time ≤17 hours (HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.27; P=0.002), but not in deceased kidney donor recipients with cold ischemic time >17 hours (HR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.88 to 1.06; P=0.49) (P value for interaction <0.01). Recipients with one or two HLA-DQ mismatched kidneys had a higher incidence of acute rejection at 1 year, with adjusted odds ratios of 1.13 (95% CI, 1.03 to 1.23; P<0.01) in deceased donor and 1.14 (95% CI, 1.03 to 1.27; P=0.02) in living donor kidney transplant recipients. Specific donor-DQ mismatches seemed to be associated with the risk of acute rejection and graft failure, whereas others did not.

Conclusions
HLA-DQ mismatching is associated with lower graft survival independent of HLA-ABDR in living donor kidney transplants and deceased donor kidney transplants with cold ischemia time ≤17 hours, and a higher 1-year risk of acute rejection in living and deceased donor kidney transplants.
Gıda Sanayisinde Ultraviyole Işığın Yüzey Uygulamaları
Authors: KOCA Nurcan , SAATLİ Turkuaz Ecem , URGU Müge 
Published: April 2018

Gıda sektöründe, ısıl işlem uygulanamayan ya da ısıl işlem uygulanmış
ancak sonrasında bulaşma olmuş gıdaların yüzey dekontaminasyonu her zaman önemini
korumuştur. Ultraviyole (UV) ışık; ısıl işlem alternatifi olarak yüzeylerde
rahatlıkla kullanılabilen umut verici mikrobiyal dekontaminasyon yöntemidir. Son
yıllarda, düşük yatırım maliyeti, kolay uygulanabilmesi ve pozitif tüketici
imajı gibi çeşitli avantajları sebebiyle UV ışın uygulaması gıda endüstrisinde gittikçe
yaygınlaşmaktadır. Gıdaların ve gıdayla
temas eden ekipmanların yüzey dezenfeksiyonu ile ambalaj dekontaminasyonu başta
olmak üzere çeşitli yüzey uygulamalarında kullanılabilmektedir. Bu amaçla,
hedefe yönelik olarak kesikli ya da sürekli sistem çalışan UV kabinleri dizayn
edilmektedir. Bu sistemlerin kullanımında, yüzey dezenfeksiyonunu etkileyen
faktörlerin bilinmesi ve mikrobiyal inaktivasyon yanısıra kalite değişimlerinin
de göz önünde bulundurulması oldukça önemlidir. Bu derlemede, UV ışık
uygulamasının inaktivasyon mekanizması ve kullanılan ışık kaynakları hakkında
genel bilgiler verilmekle birlikte, UV ışığın gıda ve gıda ile temas eden
ekipman yüzeyleri ile ambalajların yüzey uygulamalarında kullanım olanakları ve
etkileri ile ilgili detaylı bilgi verilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca, UV ışığın
yüzey uygulamalarındaki avantajları, uygulamanın etkinliğini sınırlandıran
faktörler ile yasal düzenlemeler de ele alınmıştır.
Üzümsü Meyvelerdeki Fenolik Bileşiklerin Fermantasyon ile Değişimi
Authors: ÇAM Tarık , KALKAN YILDIRIM Hatice 
Published: April 2018

Üzümsü meyveler aromatik maddeleri, çeşitli mineral
ve vitaminleri yoğun miktarda
içermesinden dolayı özel öneme sahip meyvelerdir. Özellikle içerdikleri fenolik
bileşikler nedeni ile insan sağlığı üzerine olumlu etkileri bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada
üzümsü meyvelerin proses optimizasyonu ile son üründe istenilen fenolik
bileşiklerin elde edilebileceğini göstermek amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca bu derlemede,
üzümsü meyvelerin fermantasyon uygulamalarında kullanımı ile ilgili yapılan
çalışmalardan, fermantasyonun sonunda fenolik bileşiklerin miktarlarındaki ve
profillerindeki değişimlerden, fermantasyon çeşitleri üzerine yapılan diğer
çalışmalardan ve fermantasyon işleminde yararlanılan yeni uygulamalardan
bahsedilmiştir. Derlenen literatür bilgilerine göre, üzümsü meyvelerdeki fenolik
bileşiklerin fermantasyon tipine, kullanılan kültürlere ve üretim koşullarına
göre değiştiği ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu bilgiler ışığında proses optimizasyonu ile
üründe istenen fenolik bileşikler elde etmenin mümkün olabileceği sonucuna
ulaşılmıştır.
O COSTUME NA TEORIA PURA DO DIREITO: UMA ANÁLISE PELO MÉTODO DA HISTÓRIA DO DIREITO
Authors: Rossi Juliano Scherner 
Published: April 2018

Será analisado o costume jurídico na Teoria Pura do Direito, de Hans Kelsen, a partir do método da história do direito: se a Teoria Pura articula de algum modo história do direito como elemento de sua proposta metodológica quando trata do costume e como. Tem-se então não a Teoria Pura na história, mas a história na Teoria Pura. Na primeira seção é apresentada uma proposta metodológica para a história do direito, com base nas obras de Costa, Grossi e Hespanha. Na segunda, é feita análise da proposta de pureza metodológica da Teoria Pura. Na última, é discutido o costume na Teoria Pura e se a abordagem de Kelsen acerca da vigência da norma costumeira incorpora elementos de história do direito, segundo o método proposto. A questão jurídica no exame do costume diz respeito à existência de um ato de vontade que estabeleça o costume como norma e seu conteúdo desta. O método da história do direito é útil para averiguação dos dois aspectos, mas Kelsen não estabelece um método para investigação do costume ou sua formação (especula-se que em razão da própria pureza metodológica). O método histórico se aplica sem prejuízo do método kelseniano, no âmbito de cada um, o que revele abertura deste em relação àquele.
Bibliography of A.I. Solzhenitsyn: the History, Problems and Solutions
Authors: Semenova Elizaveta P. 
Published: April 2018

The article describes the history of creation of Biobibliographic Index “Alexander Isayevich Solzhenitsyn. Materials for Biobibliography” dedicated to A.I. Solzhenitsyn – the outstanding Russian writer, Nobel Laureate and public figure – from the bibliographic chapter planned in the 1960-ies to the Index in two volumes, being prepared for publication in 2018.The Index contains the list of all works by A.I. Solzhenitsyn from 1962 to 2017: released both as separate editions and published in the periodical press, as well as the literature about his life and creative activity. The first section includes the book editions and works by the writer published in journals, newspapers and non-author’s collections. They are grouped by genre principle — prose, drama, poetry. The bibliographic records are arranged in chronological order (by date of publication). The second section “Literature on A.I. Solzhenitsyn’s Life and Works” includes a variety of publications, devoted to the writer entirely or partially. The key to the disclosure of the substantive content of each entry is a classified index, where the heading titles reflect the landmarks of A.I. Solzhenitsyn’s life and creative heritage, identified in the process of the compilers’ acquaintance with the critical literature de visu. This index helps the user to navigate in the extensive corpus of literature devoted to the writer and in selection of materials on the subject of interest.The author considers the problems encountered by the compilers, as well as the ways of their solution and defines this publication as the first experience in Russia in preparing a large-scale bibliographic collection dedicated to A.I. Solzhenitsyn.
'The one and only true and salvational faith'
Authors: Harmainen Antti 
Published: April 2018

In the 1880s, the religious life in Finland was in the midst of a turbulent period which, for some, presented a threat to traditional moral values and social cohesion while for others it was the beginning of a new, more liberal era. During this period, new ideas and religious currents also stirred in the local milieu. For example, modern Western esoteric currents played a role in the process as well as many other ideological, scientific and religious phenomena. This article scrutinizes the period in question by focusing on a writing individual who entered the field of Finnish public debate somewhat suddenly. For him, the time was all about creating the best possible religion from all the ingredients that contemporary debate could offer.
PENGARUH CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, UKURAN PERUSAHAAN, DAN ALIRAN KAS DARI AKTIVITAS OPERASI TERHADAP PRAKTIK EARNINGS MANAGEMENT
Authors: Ardillah Kenny 
Published: April 2018

<p><em>This research examines good corporate governance characteristic such as board of commissioner size, composition of independent commissioner board, committee audit size, composition of independent committee audit, </em><em>number of </em><em>committee audit meeting, committee audit financial expertise, and audit quality</em><em> and also company characteristics such as company size and cash flows from operating activities</em><em> that affect earnings management practices. his research samples is focused on manufacturer companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange for period 2011 – 2014</em><em> with total 154 data used in this research. </em><em>The result of this research </em><em>is</em><em> composition of independent commissioner board</em><em> and company size had positively</em><em> influence towards earnings management practices. </em><em>C</em><em>ash flows from operating activities</em><em> had</em><em> negatively influences </em><em>towards </em><em>earnings management practices. Commissioner board size, committee audit size, composition of independent committee audit, </em><em>number of committe audit meeting,</em><em> committee audit financial expertise</em><em>, and</em><em> audit quality ha</em><em>d no</em><em> influence towards earnings management practices. </em><em></em></p><p> </p><p><strong><em>Keywords </em></strong>: <em>Corporate Governance, Earnings Management,</em><em> Company Size</em>, <em>Cash Flow From Operating Activities</em></p>
INNOVATION SOLUTIONS FOR THE IMPORT PHASE OUT PURPOSES
Authors: Sinegovskaya V. T. , Aseeva Т. А. 
Published: April 2018

The data of the Far East Region on the use of new highly effective developments of research institutions in solving problems of import substitution in agricultureare given.As a result of the activity of the five scientific institutions of the region, 162 varieties of various agricultural crops have been introduced in the Register of Selection Achievements, including: 49 – soybean, 40 –fruit and berry crops, 25 – potato and vegetables, 15 – perennial grasses, 33 –cereal and groats crops. All created varieties are resistant to environmental conditions and pests, they have a high potential for productivity, which is implemented in difficult weather and climatic conditions with limited thermal resources. The soybean varieties of the Far Eastern selection are highly yield in the limited heat conditions. In the last five years the variety assortment was renewed by 90 per cent. In this period Far Eastern breeders delivered in to production 25 high yield not transgenic varieties, 17 of them was selected in the all-Russian research organization institute of the soybean (RROI of the soybean) , them also very popular in Krasnoyarsk and Altai territories. The seed treatment by the fertilizers produced on the basis of high-activity stock culture combining with active phosphorus and potassium favors the yield increase to 462.97 …2020.25 pounds hereby increase the payback of 2.20 pounds fertilizers active ingredient to 2,8…12,3 kg of the grain.
PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN DALAM KONTRAK TRANSAKSI E-COMMERCE BERDASARKAN HUKUM PERDAGANGAN INTERNASIONAL
Authors: Tektona Rahmadi Indra 
Published: April 2018

Dalam perkembangan ekonomi pada saat sekarang ini sudah mulai meninggalkan cara-cara yang konvensional kita mulai menginjak pada transaksi elektronik dan mulai sering digunakan pada saat sekarang ini, kadangkala terjadi pelanggran dalam kontrak perjanjian antar pihak dalam transaksi tersebut, perlindungan hukum terhadap para pihak masihlah kurang, oleh karena itu perlu kiranya ada perlindungan hukum yang jelas. Kata kunci : Penyelesaian Sengketa, transaksi E-Commerce, Hukum PerdaganganInternasional.
O modelo legal de família e as tendências atuais: reflexões canônicas e civis
Authors: Martins e Silva Frederico 
Published: April 2018

O presente artigo traz à luz algumas reflexões acerca da questão “família”, apresentando conceitos e abordagens no pensar jurídico, seja canônico ou civil, no atual contexto, numa visão eclesiológica, pastoral e civilística. Inicialmente,tratará do lugar que o direito ocupa no coetus eclesial e da relação da Igreja com o mundo. Seguidamente, falar-se-á do objeto de estudo “família” a partir da compreensão do direito canônico e do direito civil, segundo as tendências da épocacontemporânea, através de uma compreensão sociológica, eclesiológica e pastoral. Finalmente, abrirá à reflexão o conceito de família, adotado pelo consolidado magistério da Igreja, como também da família cristã e de seu papel no mundo.