bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glycopolymers by RAFT Polymerization as Functional Surfaces for Galectin‐3
Authors: Rosencrantz Sophia , Tang Jo Sing Julia , Schulte‐Osseili Christine , Böker Alexander , Rosencrantz Ruben R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractGlycan‐protein interactions are essential biological processes with many disease‐related modulations and variations. One of the key proteins involved in tumor progression and metastasis is galectin‐3 (Gal‐3). A lot of effort is put into the development of Gal‐3 inhibitors as new therapeutic agents. The avidity of glycan‐protein interactions is strongly enhanced by multivalent ligand presentation. Multivalent presentation of glycans can be accomplished by utilizing glycopolymers, which are polymers with pendent glycan groups. For the production of glycopolymers, glycomonomers are synthesized by a regioselective, microwave‐assisted approach starting from lactose. The resulting methacrylamide derivatives are polymerized by RAFT and immobilized on gold surfaces using the trithiocarbonate group of the chain transfer agent. Surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy enables the label free kinetic characterization of Gal‐3 binding to these multivalent glycopolymers. The measurements indicate oligomerization of Gal‐3 upon exposure to multivalent environments and reveal strong specific interaction with the immobilized polymers.
Oxygen Scavenging and Oxygen Barrier Poly(1,2‐butadiene) Films Containing an Iron‐Complex Catalyst
Authors: Wang Yu , Shoda Motoharu , Hisama Ayako , Oyaizu Kenichi , Nishide Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTough films of poly(1,2‐butadiene) are prepared by introducing small amounts of the less toxic iron complex N,N′‐bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine‐benzylimidazole and methyl linoleate. The catalytic activity of the iron complex for air oxidation of unsaturated groups is substantially higher than those of previously reported films. The oxygen scavenging capacity of the films is up to 200 mL (oxygen gas at STP) g(film)−1 after 1 month, based on oxidative consumption of the poly(1,2‐butadiene) double bonds, which is more than twice that of a previously reported poly(1,4‐butadiene) film containing a cobalt complex catalyst and a film containing reduced iron powder. The oxygen absorption and scavenging of the films is independent of humidity and is maintained over 1 month. The results suggest that the combination of poly(1,2‐butadiene) and the iron complex catalyst is a promising oxygen scavenging material for active oxygen barrier films.
Gonadal mosaicism of large terminal de novo duplication and deletion in siblings with variable intellectual disability phenotypes
Authors: Rahman Muhammad M. , Uddin KM Furkan , Al Jezawi Nesreen K. , Karuvantevida Noushad , Akter Hosneara , Dity Nushrat J. , Rahaman Md. Ashiquir , Begum Maksuda , Rahaman Md. Atikur , Baqui Md. Abdul , Salwa Zeena , Islam Serajul , Woodbury‐Smith Marc , Basiruzzaman Mohammed , Uddin Mohammed 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundIntellectual disability (ID) is a complex condition that can impact multiple domains of development. The genetic contribution to ID’s etiology is significant, with more than 100 implicated genes and loci currently identified. The majority of such variants are rare and de novo genetic mutations.MethodsWe have applied whole‐genome microarray to identify large, rare, clinically relevant copy number variants (CNVs). We have applied well‐established algorithms for variants call. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was applied to validate the variants using three technical replicates for each family member. To assess whether the copy number variation was due to balanced translocation or mosaicism, we further conducted droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) on the whole family. We have, as well, applied “critical‐exon” mapping, human developmental brain transcriptome, and a database of known associated neurodevelopmental disorder variants to identify candidate genes.ResultsHere we present two siblings who are both impacted by a large terminal duplication and a deletion. Whole‐genome microarray revealed an 18.82 megabase (MB) duplication at terminal locus (7q34‐q36.3) of chromosome 7 and a 3.90 MB deletion impacting the terminal locus (15q26.3) of chromosome 15. qPCR and ddPCR experiments confirmed the de novo origin of the variants and the co‐occurrence of these two de novo events among the siblings, but their absence in both parents, implicates an unbalanced translocation that could have mal‐segregated among the siblings or a possible germline mosaicism. These terminal events impact IGF1R, CNTNAP2, and DPP6, shown to be strongly associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. Detailed clinical examination of the siblings revealed the presence of both shared and distinct phenotypic features.ConclusionsThis study identified two large rare terminal de novo events impacting two siblings. Further phenotypic investigation highlights that even in the presence of identical large high penetrant variants, spectrum of clinical features can be different between the siblings.
Lebensmittelanalytik: Weder Rauschmittel noch Schadstoffe
Authors: Vosskötter Stefan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSeit im Jahr 1996 das Anbauverbot von Hanf, Cannabis sativa L., aufgehoben wurde, dient diese alte Kulturpflanze wieder als Lebensmittel. Voraussetzung dafür ist ein geringer Gehalt an psychoaktiven Substanzen und dass die Produkte dem Lebensmittelrecht entsprechen.
Der dritte Mensch
Authors: Groß Michael 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEin Kiefer mit zwei Zähnen, der im Jahr 1980 in Tibet gefunden wurde, ließ sich jetzt durch Untersuchung seiner DNA dem Denisova‐Menschen zuordnen. Dies ist das bisher größte Relikt dieser Menschenart und das erste, das nicht am ersten Fundort – der Denisova‐Höhle – entdeckt wurde. Die dritte Art von Steinzeitmenschen nimmt dadurch langsam Gestalt an.
Nicht essen – nur schauen: polyhalogenierte Naturstoffe aus Algen
Authors: Grewelinger Philipp , Huy Peter 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEinige Mikroalgen produzieren Sulfolipide, also polychlorierte Moleküle. Nehmen Menschen diese Zellgifte über Muscheln und Schalentiere auf, erkranken sie an Lebensmittelvergiftungen. Die Stereochemie dieser Verbindungen erschwert die Totalsynthesen von Vertretern dieser Naturstofffamilie. Aktuelle Arbeiten geben einen ersten Einblick in Wirkungsweise und Funktion von Sulfolipiden in der Natur.
Interview zu Publikationsbedingungen: "Eine Veränderung zum Guten"
Authors: Remenyi Christian 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMehrere Monate lang verhandelte Projekt Deal, ein Konsortium von über 700 deutschen Wissenschaftseinrichtungen, mit den Verlagen Elsevier, Springer‐Nature und Wiley über Publikationsbedingungen. Im Januar kam es mit Wiley zu einer Einigung. Was bedeutet diese für die Chemie?
Bioökonomie – mehr als Fermentieren
Authors: Schmid Rolf D. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDas Wirtschaftspartnerschaftsabkommen zwischen Japan und Europa bietet europäischen kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen neue Möglichkeiten, in den japanischen Markt einzutreten. Kenntnisse der Unternehmenskultur und Förderstruktur in Japan helfen dabei.
Analytical modelling of the shear behaviour of rock joints with progressive degradation of two‐order roughness
Authors: Li Yingchun , Liang Zhengzhao , Tang Chun'an , Li Danqi , Wu Chuangzhou 
Published: September 2019

SummaryWe present an analytical model for the shear behaviour of rock joints with progressive degradation of two‐order asperities including waviness and unevenness. Critical waviness and critical unevenness are used to respectively represent the mechanical involvements of waviness and unevenness during shear. The degradation process of two‐order asperities are predicted by considering the stepwise relationship among dilation angle, sheared and unsheared asperity areas, and plastic tangential work. The dilation angle of each asperity decreases as plastic tangential work accumulates. The progressive degradation transiting from critical unevenness to critical waviness is realised through examining the dilation angle and the unsheared area of critical unevenness. The model's predictions are compared with the experimental data from direct shear tests on both regular‐ and irregular‐shaped joints. Good agreement between analytical and experimental curves demonstrate the credence of the proposed model. Therefore, the model, after implemented in finite and discrete element codes, is practicable for the stability assessment of rock‐engineering structures.
Choking and hydraulic jumps in laminar flow
Authors: Scheichl Bernhard , Bowles Robert I. , Pasias Georgios 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe viscous hydraulic jump still represents research in progress rather than a finalised edifice. The existing rigorous approaches show how this phenomenon is tied in with a bifurcation of the upstream flow adjacent to the guiding rigid plate of finite length, aligned perpendicularly to the direction of gravity. Here, this together with the upstream influence by the detached flow triggers transition from super‐ to subcritical flow (sensing its susceptibility to the upstream propagation of small disturbances). We present recent advances in the self‐consistent theory of single‐layer jumps continued as free shear layers.
Kommt der künstliche Physiker?
Authors: Fösel Thomas , Marquardt Florian , Weiss Talitha 
Published: September 2019

Zusammenfassung2016 besiegte das Computerprogramm AlphaGo einen der weltbesten Go‐Spieler. Damit rückte eine technische Revolution ins Bewusstsein der breiten Öffentlichkeit: Selbstlernende künstliche neuronale Netze sind zunehmend in der Lage, Menschen bei bestimmten Aufgaben zu schlagen. Zahlreiche Anwendungen, von der Bilderkennung bis zur automatischen Übersetzung, revolutionieren momentan die Technik – und auch Physik und Astronomie bieten viele potenzielle Einsatzmöglichkeiten. In der Astronomie können neuronale Netze das automatische Klassifizieren von Galaxien übernehmen. In der Statistischen Physik sind Magnetisierungsmuster von ferro‐ oder paramagnetischen Zuständen ein Beispiel. Ein anderes Beispiel ist die Suche nach Quantenfehler‐Korrekturstrategien in zukünftigen Quantencomputern. Unsere Forschung konnte zeigen, dass künstliche neuronale Netze mittels Reinforcement Learning hier bereits eigenständig neue Korrekturstrategien entwickeln können.
Mechanisms underlying the enhanced biomass and abiotic stress tolerance phenotype of an Arabidopsis MIOX over‐expresser
Authors: Nepal Nirman , Yactayo‐Chang Jessica P. , Medina‐Jiménez Karina , Acosta‐Gamboa Lucia M. , González‐Romero María Elena , Arteaga‐Vázquez Mario A. , Lorence Argelia 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMyo‐inositol oxygenase (MIOX) is the first enzyme in the inositol route to ascorbate (L‐ascorbic acid, AsA, vitamin C). We have previously shown that Arabidopsis plants constitutively expressing MIOX have elevated foliar AsA content and displayed enhanced growth rate, biomass accumulation, and increased tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses. In this work, we used a combination of transcriptomics, chromatography, microscopy, and physiological measurements to gain a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms mediating the phenotype of the AtMIOX4 line. Transcriptomic analysis revealed increased expression of genes involved in auxin synthesis, hydrolysis, transport, and metabolism, which are supported by elevated auxin levels both in vitro and in vivo, and confirmed by assays demonstrating their effect on epidermal cell elongation in the AtMIOX4 over‐expressers. Additionally, we detected up‐regulation of transcripts involved in photosynthesis and this was validated by increased efficiency of the photosystem II and proton motive force. We also found increased expression of amylase leading to higher intracellular glucose levels. Multiple gene families conferring plants tolerance/expressed in response to cold, water limitation, and heat stresses were found to be elevated in the AtMIOX4 line. Interestingly, the high AsA plants also displayed up‐regulation of transcripts and hormones involved in defense including jasmonates, defensin, glucosinolates, and transcription factors that are known to be important for biotic stress tolerance. These results overall indicate that elevated levels of auxin and glucose, and enhanced photosynthetic efficiency in combination with up‐regulation of abiotic stresses response genes underly the higher growth rate and abiotic stresses tolerance phenotype of the AtMIOX4 over‐expressers.
Protective Cellular Mechanism of Estrogen Against Kidney Stone Formation: A Proteomics Approach and Functional Validation
Authors: Peerapen Paleerath , Thongboonkerd Visith 
Published: September 2019

AbstractFemales have less incidence/prevalence of kidney stone disease than males. Estrogen thus may serve as the protective factor but with unclear mechanism. This study explores cellular mechanism underlying such stone preventive mechanism of estrogen. Madin darby canine kidney (MDCK) renal tubular cells are incubated with or without 20 nm 17β‐estradiol for 7 days. Comparative proteomics reveals 58 differentially expressed proteins in estrogen‐treated versus control cells that are successfully identified by nanoLC–ESI–Q‐TOF‐MS/MS. Interestingly, these altered proteins are involved mainly in “binding and receptor,” “metabolic process,” and “migration and healing” networks. Functional investigations demonstrate reduction of calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystal‐binding capability of the estrogen‐treated cells consistent with the decreased levels of annexin A1 and α‐enolase (the known CaOx crystal‐binding receptors) on the cell surface. High‐calcium and high‐oxalate challenge initially enhances surface expression of annexin A1 and α‐enolase, respectively, both of which return to their basal levels by estrogen. Additionally, estrogen reduces intracellular ATP level and promotes cell migration and tissue healing. Taken together, estrogen causes changes in cellular proteome of renal tubular cells that lead to decreased surface expression of CaOx crystal receptors, reduced intracellular metabolism, and enhanced cell proliferation and tissue healing, all of which may contribute, at least in part, to stone prevention.
Photocytotoxic Activity of Copper(II) and Zinc(II) Complexes of Curcumin and (Acridinyl)dipyridophenazine
Authors: Mukherjee Nandini , Raghavan Abinaya , Podder Santosh , Majumdar Shamik , Kumar Arun , Nandi Dipankar , Chakravarty Akhil R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCopper(II) and zinc(II) β‐diketonates of N,N‐donor ligands, viz. [Cu(dppz)(cur)](NO3) (1), [Cu(acdppz)(cur)](NO3) (2), [Cu(acdppz)(acac)](NO3) (3), [Zn(dppz)(cur)](NO3) (4) and [Zn(acdppz)(cur)](NO3) (5), where dppz is dipyrido[3,2‐a:2’,3’‐c]phenazine, acdppz is 11‐(9‐acridinyl)dipyrido[3,2‐a:2’,3’‐c]phenazine, cur and acac are mono‐deprotonated curcumin (Hcur) and acetyl acetone (Hacac), were synthesized, characterized and their photocytotoxicity studied. An analogue of complex 3, viz. [Cu(acdppz)(acac)(H2O)]Cl1/2(NO3)1/2 (3 a), structurally characterized by X‐ray crystallography, has a cationic complex in square‐pyramidal geometry with CuN2O3 core with an axial aqua ligand. Complexes 1, 2, 4 and 5 displayed emission at ∼520 nm (λexc: 430 nm) in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) giving a fluorescence quantum yield value within 0.01‐0.06. The complexes, in contrast to free curcumin, were fairly stable in cellular media up to 36 h, with no apparent degradation of the bound curcumin. The complexes were photocytotoxic (IC50: 0.3 ‐ 4.5 μM) in human cervical cancer (HeLa), breast cancer (MCF‐7) and liver cancer (HepG2) cells. The apoptotic cell death is due to reactive oxygen species formation. Complexes 2 and 5 showed significant uptake in HeLa cells, localizing predominantly in the cytoplasm. Mechanistic data from the pUC19 DNA photocleavage study suggest involvement of acridine and curcumin in photo‐generation of singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radicals as the ROS in light of 400–700 nm.
Schiff Base/CuI as a Novel Efficient Catalyst System for Cu–Catalyzed Heck Reaction in Water
Authors: Wang Yufang , Zhang Mingjie 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA novel efficient phosphorus free ligand Schiff base 5‐tert‐butyl‐3‐(piperidine methyl) salicylaldimine has been developed for the Cu‐catalyzed Heck reaction in neat water. Both aryl bromides and electron‐deficient aryl chlorides could proceed smoothly with moderate to excellent yields. The catalyst system is reusable.
Kinetic Stability and Reactivity of Silicon and Fluorine‐Containing CL‐20 Derivatives
Authors: Katin Konstantin P. , Javan Masoud B. , Kochaev Alexey I. , Soltani Alireza , Maslov Mikhail M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA CL‐20 based cages in which carbon/oxygen atoms are replaced by silicon/fluorine ones are studied using the ab initio molecular dynamics, density functional theory, and time‐dependent density functional theory. In contrast to the pristine CL‐20, the first step of pyrolysis of these cages is the migration of oxygen/fluorine atoms to silicon. Molecules containing fluorine are unstable at room temperature. The high‐energy silicon‐containing molecule (CSi5H6N12O12) is approximately as stable as pristine CL‐20. Energy barrier preventing its decomposition is about 200 kJ/mol. Energies of the frontier orbitals and reactivity descriptors of CSi5H6N12O12 are very close to the corresponding values of pure CL‐20. All studied cages can form covalent dimers via the methylene molecular bridges. It is found that the reactions of dimerization are exothermic. Dimers’ isomers in which silicon atoms are located closer to the methylene bridges possess lower internal energies. It is found that the mechanisms of dimers’ thermal decomposition are similar to the analog mechanisms of corresponding monomers. Dimerization of the cages results in the redshifts of their ultraviolet spectra.
Fast and flexible tracepoints in x86
Authors: Harper‐Cyr Christian , Dagenais Michel R. , Bushehri Ahmad S. 
Published: September 2019

SummaryTracing is often the most effective technique for analyzing the performance of complex multithreaded applications. This paper presents an improvement on existing techniques for dynamic tracepoint insertion. To add a tracepoint, the technique inserts a jump at the tracing point, possibly replacing several shorter instructions. This jump embeds trap instructions inside its offset at the address of every replaced instruction. This makes the jump thread safe if any thread is about to execute a replaced instruction. It also makes it jump safe if a jump landing pad is at one of the replaced instructions. In both cases, a trap will be raised, and the thread can be redirected to the out‐of‐line equivalent instruction. The use of a jump instead of a trap to execute the tracepoint improves the performance of the execution. It also adds the flexibility to place the tracepoint at almost any instruction, since multiple instructions can be replaced atomically and safely. The downside of this technique is the increased memory usage, since it requires unaligned allocations with high external fragmentation.
Underlying disease determines the risk of an open abdomen treatment, final closure, however, is determined by the surgical abdominal history
Authors: Karhof Steffi , Haverkort Mark , Simmermacher Rogier , Hietbrink Falco , Leenen Luke , van Wessem Karlijn 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Introduction
Temporary abdominal closure is frequently used in several situations such as abbreviated surgery in damage control situations or when closing is impossible due to organ distention or increased abdominal pressure. The ultimate goal is to eventually close the fascia; however, little is known about factors predicting abdominal closure. The purpose of this study was to identify characteristics associated with the need for open abdomen as well as indicating the possibility of delayed fascial closure after a period of open abdominal treatment.

Methods
A retrospective review of all patients that underwent midline laparotomy between January 2008 and December 2012 was performed. Both factors predicting open abdominal treatment and possibility to close the fascia afterwards were identified and analyzed by univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results
775 laparotomies in 525 patients (60% male) were included. 109 patients (21%) had an open abdomen with a mortality rate of 27%. Male gender and acidosis were associated with open abdominal treatment. In 54%, the open abdomen could be closed by delayed fascial closure. The number of laparotomies both before and during temporary abdominal treatment was associated with failure of closure.

Conclusion
In this study, male sex and physiological derangement, reflected by acidosis, were independent predictors of open abdominal treatment. Furthermore, the success of delayed fascial closure depends on number of abdominal surgical procedures. Moreover, based on our experiences, we suggest to change modalities early on, to prevent multiple fruitless attempts to close the abdomen.
Association Between Antipsychotic Medication Use and Diabetes
Authors: Holt Richard I. G. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The prevalence of diabetes is 2–3-fold higher in people with severe mental illness than the general population. There are concerns that antipsychotics increase the risk of diabetes. This review will examine the latest epidemiological studies linking antipsychotics and diabetes, as well as the mechanisms underlying the association and the clinical implications to minimise the impact of antipsychotics on metabolic health.

Recent Findings
Although there is an increased risk of diabetes in people with first-episode psychosis, the prevalence increases rapidly after antipsychotics are started. Antipsychotics likely increase the risk of diabetes through weight gain and directly by adversely affecting insulin sensitivity and secretion.

Summary
It is important to implement measures to prevent diabetes, to screen for diabetes to ensure prompt diagnosis and to provide effective diabetes care. Further research is needed to understand how antipsychotics cause diabetes and to improve the clinical management of diabetes in people with severe mental illness.
Cessation and reversals of large-scale structures in square Rayleigh–Bénard cells
Authors: Castillo-Castellanos Andrés , Sergent Anne , Podvin Bérengère , Rossi Maurice 
Published: September 2019

We consider direct numerical simulations of turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection inside two-dimensional square cells. For Rayleigh numbers $Ra=10^{6}$ to $Ra=5\times 10^{8}$ and Prandtl numbers $Pr=3$ and $Pr=4.3$, two types of flow regimes are observed intermittently: consecutive flow reversals (CR), and extended cessations (EC). For each regime, we combine proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and statistical tools on long-term data to characterise the dynamics of large-scale structures. For the CR regime, centrosymmetric modes are dominant and display a coherent dynamics, while non-centrosymmetric modes fluctuate randomly. For the EC regime, all POD modes follow Poissonian statistics and a non-centrosymmetric mode is dominant. To explore further the differences between the CR and EC regimes, an analysis based on a cluster partition of the POD phase space is proposed. This data-driven approach confirms the successive mechanisms of the generic reversal cycle in CR as proposed in Castillo-Castellanos et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 808, 2016, pp. 614–640). However, these mechanisms may take one of multiple paths in the POD phase space. Inside the EC regime, this approach reveals the presence of two types of coherent time sequences (weak reversals and actual cessations) and more rarely intense plume crossings. Finally, we analyse within a range of Rayleigh numbers up to turbulent flow, the relation between dynamical regimes and the POD energetic contents as well as the residence time in each cluster.