bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are traded forest tree seeds a potential source of nonnative pests?
Authors: Franić Iva , Prospero Simone , Hartmann Martin , Allan Eric , Auger‐Rozenberg Marie‐Anne , Grünwald Niklaus J. , Kenis Marc , Roques Alain , Schneider Salome , Sniezko Richard , Williams Wyatt , Eschen René 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe international seed trade is considered relatively safe from a phytosanitary point of view and is therefore less regulated than trade in other plants for planting. However, the pests carried by traded seeds are not well known. We assessed insects and fungi in 58 traded seed lots of 11 gymnosperm and angiosperm tree species from North America, Europe, and Asia. Insects were detected by X‐raying and molecular methods. The fungal community was characterized using high‐throughput sequencing (HTS) and by growing fungi on non‐selective agar. About 30% of the seed lots contained insect larvae. Gymnosperms contained mostly hymenopteran (Megastigmus spp.) and dipteran (Cecidomyiidae) larvae, while angiosperms contained lepidopteran (Cydia latiferreana) and coleopteran (Curculio spp.) larvae. HTS indicated the presence of fungi in all seed lots and fungi grew on non‐selective agar from 96% of the seed lots. Fungal abundance and diversity were much higher than insect diversity and abundance, especially in angiosperm seeds. Almost 50% of all fungal exact sequence variants (ESVs) found in angiosperms were potential pathogens, in comparison with around 30% of potentially pathogenic ESVs found in gymnosperms. The results of this study indicate that seeds may pose a greater risk of pest introduction than previously believed or accounted for. A rapid risk assessment suggests that only a small number of species identified in this study is of phytosanitary concern. However, more research is needed to enable better risk assessment, especially to increase knowledge about the potential for transmission of fungi to seedlings and the host range and impact of identified species.
The influence of gender and body dissatisfaction on body‐related attentional bias: An eye‐tracking and virtual reality study
Authors: Porras‐Garcia Bruno , Ferrer‐Garcia Marta , Ghita Alexandra , Moreno Manuel , López‐Jiménez Laura , Vallvé‐Romeu Alba , Serrano‐Troncoso Eduardo , Gutiérrez‐Maldonado José 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveIn the attentional bias (AB) phenomenon, eating disorder (ED) patients show a tendency to pay more attention to self‐attributed unattractive body parts than to other body parts. However, little research has focused on gender differences in body‐related attention, controlling for body dissatisfaction (BD). This study aimed to assess gender differences in AB toward specific weight‐ or nonweight‐related body parts using a virtual reality (VR)‐based embodiment technique and an eye‐tracking AB assessment.MethodForty‐five women (23 with high BD and 22 with low BD) and 40 men (20 with high BD and 20 with low BD) were subsequently embodied in three virtual avatars, the first based on the participant's actual measurements, the second being larger than the participant, and the third being the same as the first avatar. The number of fixations and complete fixation time on weight‐related areas of interest (W‐AOIs) and nonweight‐related areas of interest (NW‐AOIs) were recorded for the three assessment time/avatars.ResultsThe results showed a statistically significant interaction between gender and time for total fixation time and number of fixations (p < .05). BD levels did not significantly affect the results. Overall, women paid more attention to the W‐AOIs than men, who in turn paid more attention to the NW‐AOIs. Furthermore, preliminary evidence was found for an AB toward muscular‐related AOIs among men.ConclusionsThis study provides new information about gender differences and BD in gaze pattern behaviors. Future psychological ED assessments and treatments could take advantage of the possibilities of VR while real‐time AB is objectively measured.
Rapid nitrogen fixation by canopy microbiome in tropical forest determined by both phosphorus and molybdenum
Authors: Stanton Daniel E. , Batterman Sarah A. , Von Fischer Joseph C. , Hedin Lars O. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBiological nitrogen fixation is critical for the nitrogen cycle of tropical forests, yet we know little about the factors that control the microbial nitrogen fixers that colonize the microbiome of leaves and branches that make up a forest canopy. Forest canopies are especially prone to nutrient limitation because they are (1) disconnected from soil nutrient pools and (2) often subject to leaching. Earlier studies have suggested a role of phosphorus and molybdenum in controlling biological N‐fixation rates, but experimental confirmation has hitherto been unavailable. Here we present the results of a manipulation of canopy nutrient availability. Our findings demonstrate a primary role of phosphorus in constraining overall N fixation by canopy cyanobacteria, but also a secondary role of molybdenum in determining per‐cell fixation rates. A conservative evaluation suggests that canopy fixation can contribute to significant N fluxes at the ecosystem level, especially as bursts following atmospheric inputs of nutrient‐rich dust.
Simulating real compartment fire conditions in a furnace
Authors: Hasburgh Laura E. , Bourne Keith J. , Stone Donald S. , Zelinka Samuel L. 
Published: July 2019

SummaryIn the United States, wood has been traditionally used in residential construction. However, the combustibility of wood still limits its use as a building material in prescriptive building codes, and to overcome the limitations, performance‐based codes can be used. In order to properly analyze performance‐based designs, more information on the fire performance of materials is required, including fire performance under different fire exposures. The char rate when timber elements are exposed to the standard time‐temperature curve have been well characterized and can be used to determine the fire‐resistance rating. However, much less is known about the rate of char formation under other fire exposures and time‐temperature curves. In this study, we used time‐temperature data from full‐scale compartment fire tests and applied that data in an intermediate‐scale horizontal furnace. By measuring the furnace temperature, fuel consumption, and heat flux during the various tests, we identified that the furnace could closely replicate the shape of a real time‐temperature fire curve from a ventilation controlled compartment. However, the furnace fell short in terms of meeting the peak temperatures at flashover and heat fluxes expected in a real compartment fire.
Comprehensive management of HPV‐related squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck of unknown primary
Authors: Rassy Elie , Nicolai Piero , Pavlidis Nicholas 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV)‐related squamous cell carcinoma of unknown primary (SCCUP) is currently rising in incidence but lacks a validated management approach.AimsThis paper reviews the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of HPV‐related SCCUP.Materials and MethodsThe Medline/Pubmed database was searched by using the following keywords “CUP”, “cancer of unknown primary”, “HPV”, “human papilloma virus”, and “head and neck”. The references of the publications of interest were also screened for relevant papers.ResultsThe clinical assessment of HPV‐related SCCUP includes a complete clinical examination, an endoscopic evaluation with white‐light and narrow band imaging, and radiologic assessment using morphologic and metabolic imaging. If the diagnosis remains unconfirmed, endoscopic examination under anesthesia with tonsillectomy ± base of tongue mucosectomy is performed. The therapeutic rationale aims to eradicate the involved lymph nodes and potential primary tumor with a sequence of chemoradiotherapy and neck dissection.DiscussionAs a general approach, p16‐negative SCCUP are truly HPV negative, whereas p16‐positive specimens require confirmation with HPV in situ hybridization or polymerase chain reaction to confirm HPV infection. If a cervical metastasis is considered HPV positive, the primary lesion is likely in the oropharynx, and further diagnostic interventions such as tonsillectomy seems to be mandatory. Whether the optimal treatment is neck dissection followed by adjuvant radiotherapy or concomitant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) (in case of extranodal extension or advanced lymph node stages) or definitive CRT followed by neck dissection (in case of positive 18F‐FDG‐PET/CT) remains a matter of debate. Solid scientific evidence supporting treatment de‐escalation in HPV‐related SCCUP is lacking, and the results of ongoing trials are at the brink of reporting.ConclusionCurrently, the treatment of patients with HPV‐related SCCUP should not differ from the standard treatment of other SCCUP patients and is similarly based on the staging of the disease and general condition of the patient.
Within‐species phenotypic diversity enhances resistance to stress ‐ A case study using the polymorphic species Bosmina longirostris
Authors: Adamczuk Małgorzata , Mieczan Tomasz 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBosmina longirostris is a polymorphic cladoceran, widely distributed throughout the world in temperate and tropical climates, where it colonises all kinds of freshwater bodies regardless of their trophy, acidification, or salinity. In this paper, we test the hypothesis that the ability of B. longirostris to colonise new freshwater bodies results from their maintenance of morphotypes with different life histories. To test the above hypothesis, the life histories of four morphotypes of B. longirostris were analysed through daily observations of individuals cultured separately under uniform optimal conditions. We demonstrated that these morphotypes differed in somatic growth, reproductive effort, lifespan, and fitness, and differences in life histories among morphotypes resulted from the trade‐offs between these parameters. Next, we examined the role of distinct morphotypes (each with specific life‐history) in populations subjected to stress: we maintained two populations of B. longirostris under biotic stress (the presence of invertebrate predators) or abiotic stress (elevated salinity). At the end of the experiment these populations differed from one another in the relative density of morphotypes in comparison with the population cultured in the optimal environment. In populations that suffered from predatory pressure we found an increase in the relative density of morphotypes that grew considerably quicker, had a shorter lifespan, reproduced infrequently but delivered many offspring at each reproductive event. In populations that suffered from elevated salinity, we observed an increase in morphotypes that exhibited low reproductive effort but had the highest survival. Simultaneously, with phenotypic regrouping of populations, morphotypes adapted to novel conditions by altering the expression of life‐history traits. The observed switches in the phenotypic structure of B. longirostris suggest that the persistence of morphotypes with different life histories is beneficial to populations colonising varying environments and their relative abundances in a population are conditioned by the diverseness of local stressors.
Association of CD44 polymorphisms and susceptibility to HBV‐related hepatocellular carcinoma in the Chinese population
Authors: Deng Yan , Chen Zhi‐jian , Lan Fang , He Qi‐tian , Chen Si‐yuan , Du Yu‐fang , Li Shan , Qin Xue 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to determine whether CD44 polymorphisms were correlated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to reveal a new potential target for early prediction, prevention, and diagnosis of HCC.MethodThis study involved 96 cases with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), 96 cases with hepatitis B virus‐related liver cirrhosis (LC), 204 cases with HCC related to the hepatitis B virus, and 210 healthy controls. The genotype of rs8193 was determined using the restriction fragment length polymorphism method, while the genotypes of rs10836347 and rs13347 were determined by direct sequencing.ResultsThe results showed that patients with the CD44 rs13347 TT and T allele polymorphisms exhibited higher risks of LC than those carrying the CC genotype and C allele. The CD44 rs13347 CT and TT genotypes and T allele were significantly associated with an increased risk of HCC after adjusting for gender, age, smoking, and alcohol consumption (for CT: odds ratio [OR] = 1.626, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.057‐2.500, P = .027; for TT: OR = 1.965, 95% CI = 1.043‐3.702, P = .037; and for T: OR = 1.461, 95% CI = 1.091‐1.956, P = .011). In the rs13347 site of the female population, the CT and TT genotypes were related to the high occurrence of HCC. In the population aged ≥50 years, carriers of the CD44 rs13347 CT and TT alleles were more susceptible to HCC compared with CC carriers. Those who consumed alcohol who carried the rs10836347 CT genotype exhibited a risk factor for HCC.ConclusionFor the CD44 rs13347 site, mutations in the T allele might be a risk factor for HCC.
The function of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 is conserved from ancestral fishes to mammals
Authors: Baïsse Bénédicte , Spertini Caroline , Galisson Frédérique , Smirnova Tatiana , Spertini Olivier 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
PSGL-1 is a mucin-like glycoprotein that supports, in mammals, leukocyte rolling on selectins. However, we have limited knowledge whether its function is conserved in non-mammals and how its structure adapted during evolution. To identify conserved amino acid sequences required for selectin binding, we performed multiple alignments of PSGL-1 sequences from 18 mammals, 4 birds, 3 reptiles, 1 amphibian, and 15 fishes. The amino-terminal T[D/E]PP[D/E] motif, which identifies in mammals a core-2 O-glycosylated threonine required for selectin-binding, is partially conserved in some fishes (e.g., T. rubripes) and birds (e.g., G. gallus), however, most non-mammals do not display it. The sulfated tyrosine residues of human PSGL-1, which bind L- and P-selectin, are not observed in non-mammals, suggesting that they are dispensable for selectin-binding or that other amino acids play their role. A mucin-like domain is present in all species. Interestingly, the alignment of cytoplasmic sequences of non-mammals reveals the conservation of ezrin/radixin/moesin binding site and two new motifs (M1 and M2). To examine the conservation of PSGL-1 function, we cloned PSGL-1 cDNA sequences of zebrafish and fugu, and established their cross-reactivity with human selectins under flow conditions. Importantly, deleting the well-conserved M1 motif strongly decreased PSGL-1 expression at leukocyte surface and induced retention of the precursor molecule in the endoplasmic reticulum, indicating that M1 motif provides a signal required to export PSGL-1 precursors to the Golgi complex. These data show for the first time the conservation of PSGL-1 function from fishes to mammals and reveal the function of a new motif.
Secreted IgM: New tricks for an old molecule
Authors: Blandino Rebecca , Baumgarth Nicole 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSecreted IgM (sIgM) is a multifunctional evolutionary conserved antibody that is critical for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis as well as the development of fully protective humoral responses to pathogens. Constitutive secretion of self- and polyreactive natural IgM, produced mainly by B-1 cells, provides a circulating antibody that engages with autoantigens as well as invading pathogens, removing apoptotic and other cell debris and initiating strong immune responses. Pathogen-induced IgM production by B-1 and conventional B-2 cells strengthens this early, passive layer of IgM-mediated immune defense and regulates subsequent IgG production. The varied effects of secreted IgM on immune homeostasis and immune defense are facilitated through its binding to numerous different cell types via different receptors. Recent studies identified a novel function for pentameric IgM, namely as a transporter for the effector protein ″apoptosis-inhibitor of macrophages″ (AIM/CD5L). This review aims to provide a summary of the known functions and effects of sIgM on immune homeostasis and immune defense, and its interaction with its various receptors, and to highlight the many critical immune regulatory functions of this ancient and fascinating immunoglobulin.
Cover Image, Volume 99, Issue 11
Authors: Guo Jun , Zhao Runmin , Li Jiaqi , Wu Dongyan , Yang Qiyue , Zhang Yan , Wang Shuo 
Published: July 2019

The cover image is based on the Research Article Furan formation from ingredient interactions and furan mitigation by sugar alcohols and antioxidants of bamboo leaves in milk beverage model systems by Jun Guo et al., DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9739.
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Multi‐decadal morpho‐sedimentary dynamics of the largest Changjiang estuarine marginal shoal: Causes and implications
Authors: Wei Wen , Dai Zhijun , Mei Xuefei , Gao Shu , Liu J. Paul 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the long‐term evolution of estuarine shoals given natural variations and human modifications is a key issue for wetland protection and shoal management. Here, the multi‐decadal (1958–2013) morpho‐sedimentary dynamics of the Nanhui Shoal (NHS), the largest Changjiang estuarine marginal shoal, are studied using a suite of hydrological, sedimentological, and bathymetric data. The results show that the tidal flow regime and sedimentary mode around the NHS changed slightly after the 1980s. Moreover, the NHS experienced a siltation‐induced volume increase of 4.1 × 108 m3, concentrated in the landward region, and seaward progradation, producing an increase in gross area of 33 km2, during 1958–2013. Even so, the actual tidal flat resource decreased by 29% due to the reclamation of 202 km2. Transition in the development of the NHS is detected: a planar geometry transformation from a triangular cusp to an arcuate cusp during 1958–1989; vertical siltation in the landward region under a stable arcuate‐shaped geometry thereafter. Furthermore, a steeply sloping profile with grades of 2–11‰ formed in the northern section, which limits future reclamation to 80 km2 there. Estuarine regime adjustment, inducing hydrodynamic alterations in the South Passage, dominated the geometric changes in the NHS during 1958–1989, whereas substantial siltation promotion projects led to the landward siltation after 1989. The decrease in sediment input downstream of the Three Gorges Dam has played a minor role in the shoal evolution. This work provides new insights into the long‐term morpho‐sedimentary responses of estuarine shoals to natural and artificial forcings and their implications for shoal exploitation.
Broadening Horizons: Graduate Students Participating in International Collaborations through the Limnology and Oceanography Research Exchange (LOREX) Program
Authors: Beck Hannah N. , Cohen Ashley , McKenzie Tristan , Weisend Rachel , Wilkins Keiko W. , Woodstock Matthew S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractInternational research is necessary in aquatic sciences because water moves across borders. Historically, international collaborations have been useful in conducting oceanographic research programs, which span large distances and require several funding sources. Although valuable, international research can have unforeseen challenges to the unprepared researcher. Communication with an international collaborator and professional development training can mitigate these pitfalls. The Limnology and Oceanography Research Exchange Program (LOREX) is an opportunity for graduate students to gain experience developing international collaborations. The LOREX program aims to help graduate students develop connections and gain experience in international research. During the summer of 2019 and spring of 2020, 26 graduate students from 24 U.S. institutions will travel to one of six different host institutions to conduct a research project that they developed with an international collaborator. To prepare for their research experience, LOREX participants participated in training programs during the 2019 Aquatic Sciences Meeting in San Juan, Puerto Rico. The first group of LOREX graduate students will share their experience through social media and blog posts throughout their journey. Applications are now open for the second cohort of LOREX participants, and potential applicants are encouraged to contact potential collaborators to develop a research project.
A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study of Oral Tranexamic Acid for the Prevention of Postinflammatory Hyperpigmentation After Q‐Switched 532‐nm Nd:YAG Laser for Solar Lentigines
Authors: Rutnin Suthinee , Pruettivorawongse Duangrat , Thadanipon Kunlawat , Vachiramon Vasanop 
Published: July 2019

Background and ObjectivesQ‐switched (QS) 532‐nm Nd:YAG laser is one of the treatment options for solar lentigines (SLs). However, the high incidence of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) is concerning, especially in dark‐complexioned skin. Tranexamic acid (TA) can decrease melanogenesis and has been used to treat melasma. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral TA for PIH prevention and clearance in patients with SL treated with QS 532‐nm Nd:YAG laser.Study Design/Materials and MethodsForty patients with SL treated with QS 532‐nm Nd:YAG laser were enrolled in this randomized controlled trial. They were randomly assigned to be receive oral TA 1,500 mg daily or placebo for 6 weeks. Results were evaluated by blinded investigators using digital photographs, dermatoscopy, colorimetry, physician grading scores, and patient satisfaction scores at baseline, 2nd, 4th, 6th, and 12th weeks.ResultsThe incidence of PIH, relative melanin value, lightness index, and clinical improvement scores were not significantly different between the two groups. However, the TA group had a significantly lower incidence of dermatoscopic finding of pigmented granules, which correspond to PIH at 6th and 12th weeks (P = 0.038 and 0.013, respectively). Homogenous light brown pigmentation under dermatoscopy was significantly associated with higher clinical improvement.ConclusionsOral TA therapy starting at the first day postlaser treatment is not effective for PIH prevention after QS 532‐nm Nd:YAG laser in SL. However, PIH clearance, as assessed dermatoscopically, is significantly improved by oral TA at 6th and 12th week. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.