bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma induces an innate systemic inflammation, affected by the size of the tumour and the lymph node spread
Authors: Kågedal Å. , Rydberg Millrud C. , Häyry V. , Kumlien Georén S. , Lidegran M. , Munck‐Wikland E. , Cardell L.‐O. 
Published: April 2018

ObjectivesInflammation is known to be associated with the progression of cancer. The study was designed to characterise the systemic inflammation in patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) and investigate its relation to tumour size, ability to metastasise and HPV status.Materials and MethodsBlood was obtained from 58 patients with OPSCC and 90 healthy controls and analysed with leucocyte differential count.ResultsThe patients with OPSCC displayed an increased number of neutrophils and monocytes, whereas the lymphocytes were suppressed compared to the healthy controls. The neutrophils‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the monocyte‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (MLR) were calculated, and patients with large tumours exhibited high NLR and MLR. Further, patients with regional lymph node spread displayed a low NLR and MLR. Patients with HPV‐positive tumours (n = 48) had a lower NLR than the patients (n = 8) with HPV‐negative tumours.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that patients with OPSCC have an increased systemic inflammation that is affected by the HPV status, the size of the tumour and lymph node spread.
Dutch validation of the low anterior resection syndrome score
Authors: Hupkens B. J. P. , Breukink S. O. , Olde Reuver of Briel C. , Tanis P. J. , de Noo M. E. , van Duijvendijk P. , van Westreenen H. L. , Dekker J. W. T. , Chen T. Y. T. , Juul T. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to validate the Dutch translation of the low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) score in a population of Dutch rectal cancer patients.MethodPatients who underwent surgery for rectal cancer received the LARS score questionnaire, a single quality of life (QoL) category question and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QLQ‐C30 questionnaire. A subgroup of patients received the LARS score twice to assess the test–retest reliability.ResultsA total of 165 patients were included in the analysis, identified in six Dutch centres. The response rate was 62.0%. The percentage of patients who reported ‘major LARS’ was 59.4%. There was a high proportion of patients with a perfect or moderate fit between the QoL category question and the LARS score, showing a good convergent validity. The LARS score was able to discriminate between patients with or without neoadjuvant radiotherapy (P = 0.003), between total and partial mesorectal excision (P = 0.008) and between age groups (P = 0.039). There was a statistically significant association between a higher LARS score and an impaired function on the global QoL subscale and the physical, role, emotional and social functioning subscales of the EORTC QLQ‐C30 questionnaire. The test–retest reliability of the LARS score was good, with an interclass correlation coefficient of 0.79.ConclusionThe good psychometric properties of the Dutch version of the LARS score are comparable overall to the earlier validations in other countries. Therefore, the Dutch translation can be considered to be a valid tool for assessing LARS in Dutch rectal cancer patients.
A configurational analysis of board involvement in intergovernmental organizations
Authors: Federo Ryan , Saz‐Carranza Angel 
Published: April 2018

AbstractManuscript TypeEmpiricalResearch IssueResearch on board involvement has evolved and shifted towards seeking the appropriate role these boards should play in the strategy process. Current theoretical debates and inconclusive empirical findings in the literature point to an unresolved issue regarding the level of board involvement that is conducive to effective strategy formulation. This study aims to identify the levels of board involvement that are associated with highly effective and less effective strategy formulation.Research FindingsWe examine the boards of 16 intergovernmental organizations by conducting an inductive fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis to identify different levels of board involvement that are associated with highly effective and less effective strategy formulation. Our results illustrate that both active and less active board involvement are associated with highly effective strategy formulation, while an intermediate level of board involvement is associated with less effective strategy formulation.Theoretical ImplicationsThis study contributes to the literature seeking to understand board involvement in the strategy process. We build a multi‐dimensional board involvement framework consisting of board dynamics, the use of director resources, and context. We use the information‐processing perspective to elucidate the relationship between different levels of board involvement and effective strategy formulation.Practitioner ImplicationsOur findings suggest that the optimal level of board involvement in strategy formulation depends on an organization's complexity, a factor which determines its information‐processing needs.
Cognitive predictors of children's development in mathematics achievement: A latent growth modeling approach
Authors: Xenidou‐Dervou Iro , Van Luit Johannes E.H. , Kroesbergen Evelyn H. , Friso‐van den Bos Ilona , Jonkman Lisa M. , van der Schoot Menno , van Lieshout Ernest C.D.M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractResearch has identified various domain‐general and domain‐specific cognitive abilities as predictors of children's individual differences in mathematics achievement. However, research into the predictors of children's individual growth rates, namely between‐person differences in within‐person change in mathematics achievement is scarce. We assessed 334 children's domain‐general and mathematics‐specific early cognitive abilities and their general mathematics achievement longitudinally across four time‐points within the first and second grades of primary school. As expected, a constellation of multiple cognitive abilities contributed to the children's starting level of mathematical success. Specifically, latent growth modeling revealed that WM abilities, IQ, counting skills, nonsymbolic and symbolic approximate arithmetic and comparison skills explained individual differences in the children's initial status on a curriculum‐based general mathematics achievement test. Surprisingly, however, only one out of all the assessed cognitive abilities was a unique predictor of the children's individual growth rates in mathematics achievement: their performance in the symbolic approximate addition task. In this task, children were asked to estimate the sum of two large numbers and decide if this estimated sum was smaller or larger compared to a third number. Our findings demonstrate the importance of multiple domain‐general and mathematics‐specific cognitive skills for identifying children at risk of struggling with mathematics and highlight the significance of early approximate arithmetic skills for the development of one's mathematical success. We argue the need for more research focus on explaining children's individual growth rates in mathematics achievement.
Resistance and tolerance of Douglas‐fir seedlings to artificial inoculation with the fungus Ophiostoma pseudotsugae
Authors: Cruickshank M. G. , Bleiker K. P. , Sturrock R. N. , Becker E. , Leal I. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryWe tested the resistance and tolerance of 79 Douglas‐fir halfsibling seedling families to artificial inoculation with Ophiostoma pseudotsugae in a shade house experiment. The Douglas‐fir beetle vectors the fungus where it colonizes the phloem and sapwood, often leading to tree mortality. The 79 halfsibling seedling families originated from four seed planning zones in BC that span ecological gradients ranging from moist‐warm to cool‐wet. We tested resistance to the fungus by measuring lesion size and tolerance by measuring seedling height. We found variation in both resistance and tolerance within seed zones and halfsibling hierarchies. Trees from zones and families that were shortest before inoculation appeared to have the most tolerance after inoculation suggesting a cost for carrying tolerance traits. There was a cost in height growth for resistance after inoculation versus wounding alone. There was no trade‐off between family resistance and tolerance defence strategies indicating that both developed independently in the population. Higher resistance and lower tolerance to the fungus were the least commonly occurring trait combination in families. Douglas‐fir trees are moderately shade intolerant at the sapling stage, and as height increment is crucial for light capture, they probably avoid costly strategies such as resistance alone. This defence strategy may change in older stands.
Paranasal sinus cysts in the horse: Complications related to their presence and surgical treatment in 37 cases
Authors: Fenner M. F. , Verwilghen D. , Townsend N. , Simhofer H. , Schwarzer J. , Zani D. D. , Bienert‐Zeit A. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryBackgroundParanasal sinus cysts (PSC) are a common cause of equine secondary sinusitis. The outcome and associated complications have not been frequently reported.ObjectivesTo review the associated clinical signs, associated morbidities and outcomes of horses treated forPSC.Study designRetrospective multicentre case series.MethodsRetrospective analysis of case records and telephone follow up survey.ResultsSubjects were 37 horses 1–24 years old that were presented with nasal discharge (n = 31), facial swelling (n = 25) and epiphora (n = 19). Radiography and computed tomography allowed identification of the cyst‐induced changes including concomitant tissue destruction (n = 31), leading among other things to local nerve damage causing headshaking (n = 6) and unilateral blindness (n = 1). Radiographic changes to adjacent dental apices were present in 10 horses. Horses over 10 years old showed more of the named associated problems. Post‐operative complications included surgical site infection (SSI) (n = 11), nasofrontal suture periostitis (n = 6) and sequestration (n = 1) following removal of thePSCvia osteotomy.The long‐term response to treatment was available for 28 cases with 22 horses (78.6%) fully cured, 4 (14.3%) partially cured and 2 (7.1%) not responding to treatment. In 7 horses (18.9%) there was recurrence of the cyst post‐operatively.Main limitationsDue to the study being a multicentre retrospective case series with collection of data over an extended period, there may be inconsistency in data recording and absence of reporting of some findings.ConclusionsOverall, the diagnosis and treatment of sinus cysts is relatively straightforward and carries a good prognosis. In long‐standing cases complications secondary to the expansive growth of cysts will dramatically affect the prognosis for full recovery due to pressure‐induced changes to facial bones, cheek teeth and nerves. These secondary complications mainly occurring in older horses may be due to a combination of a relatively longer period of affection and the inflexibility of older horses’ bones. Cyst recurrence following treatment can occur in up to 19% of cases.
Density, Distance, and Division: Rural Poverty in a Developing‐Country Context
Authors: Wang Yongming , Wu Dianting , Wang Meixia , Zhou Li , Ding Jianjun 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe 3Ds, namely, density, distance, and division, are important for regional economic development and are integrated into a “3D” analytical framework in the 2009 World Development Report. Few empirical studies have examined the relevance of the 3D framework for explaining rural poverty in a developing‐country context. The effects of density on poverty are seldom studied, and distances to different layers of city centers on poverty may vary across different contexts. This paper aims to fill these gaps. Examining the case of Guizhou Province in China and adopting methods of the ordinary least square, instrument variable, and spatial econometrics, we find the evidence of the 3D framework for explaining rural poverty at the county level. Population density has a negative effect on rural poverty, while division, as measured by share of the ethnic minority population, has a positive effect. The effects of distance are mixed. Distance to Guiyang, which is the provincial political‐economic center of Guizhou province, has a negative effect on rural poverty, whereas distance to the local city center has no effect. These results can provide important policy implications for local poverty‐alleviation.
Detection of bone marrow‐derived fibrocytes in human dental pulp repair
Authors: Yoshiba N. , Edanami N. , Tohma A. , Takeuchi R. , Ohkura N. , Hosoya A. , Noiri Y. , Nakamura H. , Yoshiba K. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimTo explore the expression profile of CD45+/pro‐collagen I+ fibrocytes in intact dental pulps as well as during wound healing in adult dental pulp tissue.MethodologyA total of 16 healthy permanent teeth were obtained from young patients (18 to 25 years) undergoing orthodontic treatment. Routine pulp capping with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) was performed under local anaesthesia to induce a mineralized barrier at the exposed surface. Teeth were extracted from patients after 7, 14 and 35 days. Sections of the extracted teeth were prepared and stained for various markers using indirect immunofluorescence. Fibrocytes were counted, and the data were statistically evaluated using the Dunnett test.ResultsIn uninflammed pulp tissue, a pro‐collagen I‐positive reaction was detected in odontoblasts, as well as in perivascular cells. Most of the CD45‐positive cells were negative for pro‐collagen I in normal pulp tissue, whereas CD45+/pro‐collagen I+ fibrocytes were detected 7 days after injury. At day 14, fibrocytes were recognized under the fibrous matrix in contact with MTA and had infiltrated into regions of new capillary formation, where the fibrocytes were positively stained for vascular endothelial growth factor. By 35 days, fibrocytes were few, coincident with the formation of dentine bridges. The number of fibrocytes peaked 7 days post‐injury and decreased at 14 days.ConclusionsThe presence of fibrocytes in human pulp wound healing was observed. The spatiotemporal distribution of fibrocytes suggests that fibrocytes are involved in the early stages of pulp wound healing, specifically by contributing to new blood vessel formation.
Phase composition, structural, and plasma erosion properties of ceramic coating prepared by suspension plasma spraying
Authors: Zhao Dong , Wang ChuanYang , Chen Yao , Wang YongGuang 
Published: April 2018

AbstractY3Al5O12 (YAG), Y2O3, and Al2O3 ceramic coatings were manufactured to investigate the plasma erosion properties. The X‐Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed that YAG coating was synthesized successfully by Y2O3 and Al2O3 mixture suspension using the plasma spraying method. Meanwhile, metastable phases were found in Y2O3 and Al2O3 coatings due to the quenching in cooling process of melted droplets. The coating surface morphology and microstructure of cross sections were characterized by SEM. The results reveal that coatings are composed by ultrafine splats and exhibit dense lamellar structure. The plasma erosion properties were evaluated at different etching test power under Ar/CF4/O2 plasma gas. The experimental results clarify that both of YAG and Y2O3 coatings show the better plasma erosion resistance than Al2O3 coatings. The formation of fluorination layer surface prevents the coatings from further erosion with plasma gas. Moreover, the etching rate of coatings depended on the fluorination and removing rate of fluoride layer.
Single‐step fabrication of an anode supported planar single‐chamber solid oxide fuel cell
Authors: Sayan Yunus , Venkatesan Vijay , Guk Erdogan , Wu Houzheng , Kim Jung‐Sik 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe present single‐step‐co‐sintering manufacture of a planar single‐chamber solid oxide fuel cell (SC‐SOFC) with porous multilayer structures consisting of NiO/CGO, CGO and CGO‐LSCF as anode, electrolyte, and cathode, respectively. Their green tapes were casted with 20 μm thickness and stacked into layers of anode, electrolyte, and cathode (10:2:2), then hot‐pressed at 2 MPa and 60°C for 5 minutes (deemed optimal). Subsequently, hot laminated layers were cut into 40 × 40 mm cells and co‐sintered up to 1200°C via different sintering profiles. Shrinkage behavior and curvature developments of cells were characterized, determining the best sintering profile. Hence, anode‐supported SC‐SOFCs were fabricated via a single‐step co‐sintering process, albeit with curvature formation at edges. Subsequently, anode thickness was increased to 800 μm and electrolyte reduced to 20 μm to obtain SOFCs with drastically reduced curvature with the help of a porous alumina cover plate.
Teledermatology and teledermatopathology as educational tools for international dermatology: a virtual grand rounds pilot curriculum
Authors: Yeung Howa , Sargen Michael R. , Luk Kevin M. , Berry Elizabeth G. , Gurnee Emily A. , Heuring Erin , McMichael Josette , Chen Suephy C. , Stoff Benjamin K. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundTeledermatology may improve dermatologic care access in underserved areas and expand the clinical experience of dermatologists‐in‐training. The potential for teledermatology to supplement global health curricula in dermatology residency education has not been explored.MethodsAn international virtual grand rounds (VGR) curriculum was created based on teledermatology cases from Kabul, Afghanistan. The learning objectives included understanding the diagnosis and management of skin diseases in unfamiliar resource‐limited settings and highlighting socioeconomic, cross‐cultural, and ethical issues. A 17‐item, Likert scale questionnaire was used to assess the effectiveness of the curriculum, including specific Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) competencies, as well as interest in global health and teledermatology.ResultsThe survey was completed by 85 of 118 VGR attendees (72% response rate). Most respondents considered the curriculum valuable to their education (mean 4.5 on a 5‐point Likert scale; standard deviation, 0.5), learned more about diagnosis and treatment of skin diseases in international settings (4.5; 0.6) and in the US (4.1; 0.8), and learned more about socioeconomic, cultural, and ethical issues in skin health (4.6; 0.5). The majority also reported being more interested in global dermatology (4.1; 0.8) and would recommend VGR to a colleague (4.5; 0.6).ConclusionThis pilot curriculum provided an innovative platform to enhance undergraduate and graduate medical education in international dermatology. International teledermatology education may be used to address multiple ACGME core competencies and increase resident awareness of sociocultural determinants of skin health.
Impact of arabinoxylan with different molecular weight on the thermo‐mechanical, rheological, water mobility and microstructural characteristics of wheat dough
Authors: Guo Xiao‐Na , Yang Sha , Zhu Ke‐Xue 
Published: April 2018

SummaryThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of arabinoxylan with different molecular weight on the wheat dough thermo‐mechanical, rheological, microstructural and water mobility properties. Arabinoxylan was extracted from wheat bran and hydrolysed by endo‐1,4‐β‐xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8 from Trichoderma reesei, 10 000 U g−1) for 2 min (AXM) and 10 min (AXL), respectively. The addition of hydrolysed arabinoxylan AXL increased the stability time, decreased the setback value of wheat dough and enhanced the values of storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″), while unhydrolysed arabinoxylan (AXH) reduced these values. Meanwhile, unhydrolysed arabinoxylan increased T2 relaxation time while hydrolysed arabinoxylan AXL decreased T21 and T22. Confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) results showed that the addition of hydrolysed arabinoxylan AXL promoted the formation of a more compact and continuous protein network in wheat dough. These results revealed that compared with high molecular weight arabinoxylan, hydrolysed arabinoxylan could improve the rheological properties and processing properties of wheat dough by enhancing the interaction among water molecules, starch and gluten in wheat dough.
Atomistic modeling of thermo‐mechanical properties of cubic SiC
Authors: Szpunar Barbara , Malakkal Linu , Rahman Jahidur , Szpunar Jerzy A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSiC is an important multifunctional material with application in electronics and as a structural material. Many investigations of SiC have been done using both classical molecular dynamics and first principles methods. However, they are of limited scope and, in particular, SiC properties at finite temperatures have not been adequately evaluated. The good mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties of SiC such as high stiffness, high hardness, high mechanical strength at high temperature, and high thermal conductivity, make SiC a candidate for various applications in nuclear industries. In this work, we evaluated thermomechanical properties at finite temperatures obtained by LAMMPS code with traditionally used Tersoff potential (TR89 with PRB 41 correction), and the newer GW 2002 (GW02) potential. We compared them with the calculations made using MEAM 1995 (MEAM 95) and with our first principles DFT predictions. It is demonstrated that the thermal expansion and mechanical properties calculated as a function of temperature for classical potentials TR89 and GW02 do not agree well with first principles calculations while better agreement is found for the MEAM95 potential. Classical molecular dynamics calculations made with the use of two earlier potentials under‐predict thermal conductivity by one order of magnitude for the TR89 potential and by more than 30% for the GW02.
Thermal shock resistance of tri‐layer Yb2SiO5/Yb2Si2O7/Si coating for SiC and SiC‐matrix composites
Authors: Zhong Xin , Niu Yaran , Li Hong , Zhou Haijun , Dong Shaoming , Zheng Xuebin , Ding Chuanxian , Sun Jinliang 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA new tri‐layer Yb2SiO5/Yb2Si2O7/Si coating was fabricated on SiC, C/SiC, and SiC/SiC substrates, respectively, using atmospheric plasma spray (APS) technique. All coated samples were subjected to thermal shock test at 1350°C. The evolution of phase composition and microstructure and thermo‐mechanical properties of those samples before and after thermal shock test were characterized. Results showed that adhesion between all the 3 layers and substrates appeared good. After thermal shock tests, through microcracks which penetrated the Yb2SiO5 top layer were mostly halted at the Yb2SiO5‐Yb2Si2O7 interface and no thermal growth oxide (TGO) was formed after 40‐50 quenching cycles, implying the excellent crack propagation resistance of the environmental barrier coating (EBC) system. Transmission electron microscopy analysis confirmed that twinnings and dislocations were the main mechanisms of plastic deformation of the Yb2Si2O7 coating, which might have positive effects on crack propagation resistance. The thermal shock behaviors were clarified based on thermal stresses combined with thermal expansion behaviors and elastic modulus analysis. This study provides a strategy for designing EBC systems with excellent crack propagation resistance.