bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation study of computational fluid dynamics models of hemodynamics in the human aorta
Authors: Fuchsberger Jana , Karabelas Elias , Aigner Philipp , Schima Heinrich , Haase Gundolf , Plank Gernot 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe report on conducting a rigorous validation study where we attempt to compare simulated hemodynamics in a mock model of the human aorta with experimental bi‐plane particle image velocimetry (PIV) data. Within the cardiac modeling framework CARP (Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Package) [12] we implemented a finite element CFD solver based on the residual‐based variational multiscale (RBVMS) discretization of the incompressible Navier‐Stokes equations. CFD simulation results compare favorably with experimental PIV data suggesting that our CFD analysis tools are representative of blood flow in the human aorta.
Requirements for Finding Research Data and Software
Authors: Hermann Sibylle , Iglezakis Dorothea , Seeland Anett 
Published: September 2019

AbstractResearch results in simulation engineering are primarily based on software – from small scripts written by a single researcher to big software projects developed at the researchers institute or by an international community. Usually the research results are published in a publication, whereas the underlying software and data resulting from the software is not available. Consequently, the results which are discussed in an article can be difficult to reproduce. Initiatives like the FAIR data principles try to give an idea how research data can be stored in order to reuse research results. This article describes how the FAIR data principles may be applied for research software in simulation engineering and give an idea how infrastructure services can help researchers handling their research software.
Optimization of structure‐borne sound popagation using structural intensity
Authors: Rothe Sebastian , Langer Sabine C. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractReducing noise in mobile applications such as cars, aircrafts and trains is a major challenge for today's engineers. In most cases, sound sources and sound radiating structures are locally separated. The airborne sound field is a result of the excitation and the transfer through the mechanical system. The resulting structure‐borne sound is propagated on transfer paths and finally radiated through plate‐like structures. Therefore, the structure‐borne sound energy should already be efficiently insulated and damped on the way of propagation.The structural intensity (STI) is a complex vectorial quantity that represents the flow of sound energy in the structure. The real part of STI, can identify areas with a high absorption of structure‐borne sound. These areas should correlate with high damping in the structure, e.g. areas with additionally applied damping measures. If the damping is homogeneously distributed, a uniform distribution of structure‐borne sound energy should be the objective in order to make optimal use of the material damping. The energy flow can be influenced by introducing structural changes. With the help of the direction information and the quantitative value of the STI, the position of such structural changes can be optimized.In this paper, an optimization procedure is investigated, with which a homogenization of the structure‐borne sound flow is aimed. Numerical studies on generic structures are carried out. The STI for a homogeneously and an inhomogeneously damped plate is calculated and specifically influenced by various measures (e.g. point masses, beads). The aim is the targeted guidance of sound in areas of high damping or the uniform distribution in the structure as well as a shift of eigenfrequencies in order to reduce the mean surface velocity in a defined frequency range.
Novel natural rubber composites based on silver nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes hybrid filler
Authors: Krainoi Apinya , Kummerlöwe Claudia , Nakaramontri Yeampon , Wisunthorn Suwaluk , Vennemann Norbert , Pichaiyut Skulrat , Kiatkamjornwong Suda , Nakason Charoen 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHybrid filler of carbon nanotubes (CNT) and silver nanoparticles (AgNP) was prepared and then mixed with natural rubber (NR) with CNT:AgNP ratio = 100:1. The AgNP was first synthesized by reacting silver nitrate with sodium citrate as a reducing agent in an aqueous solution. Then, the UV‐vis spectrometry and transmission emission microscopy were used to follow the reaction forming AgNP and the optimum reaction time was found at about 20 minutes. The latex mixing of NR and CNT‐AgNP hybrid filler was eventually performed. It was also found that the CNT‐AgNP hybrid filler enhanced various properties of the NR composites, including torque difference, storage modulus, and initial modulus (from temperature scanning stress relaxation test) as compared to the conventional NR‐CNT composite. Furthermore, higher electrical conductivity with comparatively low percolation threshold of the hybrid composites was found as compared to the NR‐CNT composite. This might be due to decoration of AgNP particles on CNT surfaces or between CNT bundles caused hindering CNT agglomeration and facilitating electron tunneling. Also, CNT network formation the NR hybrid composite was stronger than in the NR‐CNT composite. Furthermore, strong infinite CNT network formation increased thermal diffusion in the NR‐CNT/AgNP hybrid composite.
Controlled copolymerization of 1‐octene and butyl methacrylate via RAFT and their nonisothermal model‐free thermokinetic decomposition study
Authors: Saikia Maitrayee , Baruah Urmilla , Borphukan Somip , Saikia Prakash J. , Saikia Binoy K. , Baruah Shashi D. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTReversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) copolymerization of 1‐octene and butyl methacrylate (BMA) was carried out for the first time using 4‐cyano‐4‐(phenylcarbonothioylthio)pentanoic acid as RAFT agent in N,N′‐dimethyl formamide. Poly(1‐octene‐co‐BMA) copolymers with well‐controlled molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distribution were obtained throughout the polymerization. The copolymers have been well characterized by different analytical techniques such as SEC, FT‐IR, NMR, SEM, AFM, XRD, and TG analyses. FT‐IR and NMR analyses confirmed the synthesis of poly(1‐octene‐co‐BMA) copolymers. SEM and AFM analyses demonstrated the wavy‐lamellar morphological structure of the copolymers. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed good thermal stability of poly(1‐octene‐co‐BMA) copolymers synthesized via RAFT mediated polymerization. The thermokinetic parameters were evaluated by adopting model‐free methods of Friedman and Flynn–Wall–Ozawa using the nonisothermal thermogravimetric data. The multivariate nonlinear regression analysis established the most appropriate kinetic model and the corresponding kinetic parameters of thermal decomposition of poly(1‐octene‐co‐BMA) copolymers were also calculated. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 2093–2103
Highly Dispersed ZnSe Nanoparticles Embedded in N‐Doped Porous Carbon Matrix as an Anode for Potassium Ion Batteries
Authors: Hu Yi , Lu Tiantian , Zhang Ya , Sun Yongwen , Liu Jinlong , Wei Denghu , Ju Zhicheng , Zhuang Quanchao 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAdvanced nanostructured functional materials obtained from the precursors of metal–organic frameworks show several unique advantages, including plentiful porous structures and large specific surface areas. Based on this, designed and constructed are highly dispersed ZnSe nanoparticles anchored in a N‐doped porous carbon rhombic dodecahedron (ZnSe@NDPC) by a sequential high‐temperature pyrolysis and selenization method. The specific synthesis process involves a two‐step heat treatment of the template‐engaged reaction between zinc‐based zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF‐8) and selenium power. By optimizing the calcination temperature, the as‐synthesized ZnSe@NDPC‐700 as an advanced anode of potassium ion batteries demonstrates the best electrochemical performance, including a high capacity (262.8 mA h g−1 over 200 cycles at 100 mA g−1) and a good rate capability (109.4 mA h g−1 at 2000 mA g−1 and 52.8 mA h g−1 at 5000 mA g−1). Moreover, the capacitance and diffusion mechanisms are also investigated by the qualitative and quantitate analysis, finally accounting for the superior K storage.
Effects of rotary cell culture system‐simulated microgravity on the ultrastructure and biological behavior of human MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells
Authors: Jiang Nan , Chen Zhengyang , Li Binbin , Guo Song , Li Ao , Zhang Tao , Fu Xiaoyan , Si Shaoyan , Cui Yan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate changes in the ultrastructure, apoptosis, cycle progression, and migration ability of human MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells under simulated microgravity conditions.MethodsMDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells were cultured in a rotary cell culture system bioreactor to simulate microgravity for 7 days. The cells were randomly divided into a simulated microgravity (SMG) group and normal gravity control (NG) group. Changes in apoptosis, ultrastructure, cell cycle, and migration ability were evaluated.ResultsTransmission electron microscopy showed that cells in the SMG group had more secondary lysosomes than the NG groups. The flow cytometry assay showed that the proportion of apoptotic cells in the SMG group was significantly increased compared with the NG group; additionally, the median and interquartile spacing of the proportion of cells in the G0/G1 phase in the SMG group was lower than in the NG group, but the proportion of cells in the S phase was increased in the SMG group compared with the NG group. The transwell migration assay showed that cell migration in the SMG group was significantly reduced compared with the NG group. The expression of BCL‐2 and MMP9 in the SMG group was decreased compared with the NG group, whereas the expression of cyclin D3 in the SMG group was increased.ConclusionSimulated microgravity through rotary cell culture system had significant effects on human MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells: the cell cycle and ultrastructure were impaired, apoptosis increased, migration ability decreased, and the expression of BCL‐2, cyclin D3, and MMP9 were affected.
One and two body densities for excited states of the helium confined atom
Authors: Luzón Álvaro , Buendía Enrique , Gálvez Francisco J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA study of the first excited states of the helium atom confined under impenetrable spherical walls is carried out. Both single particle and two body, intracule and extracule, densities are constructed. Crossing levels and Hund's rule are analyzed in terms of the contribution to the total energy from kinetic, electron–nucleus, and electron–electron energies. A study about the behavior of the single particle and two body densities is carried out. The Multiconfiguration Parameterized Optimized Effective Potential method is employed with a cut‐off factor to account for Dirichlet boundary conditions. Single particle density is analytically constructed whereas the Monte Carlo algorithm is used to calculate two body densities.
Where walls of power meet the wall of money: Hydropower in the age of financialization
Authors: Ahlers Rhodante 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTheir ability to absorb substantial capital makes hydropower dams attractive projects for the “wall of money.” Although global webs of dynamic financial flows enable megaspatial transformations with huge temporal impacts, their opacity and fragmentation obfuscate possibilities for democratic decision making and accountability. This paper explores the question whether the interest in renewables and the ability of large infrastructure to absorb capital has changed the role of large dams as instruments of political, financial, and territorial power. An analytical framework inspired by Lefebvre's concept of “production of space” is used to examine the structural and context‐specific dimensions of current hydropower development. Ultimately, we hope to contribute to an alternative conception of the landscape in which the myopic focus on capital accumulation is replaced with social and environmental justice.
Chromophore‐Modified Highly Selective Ratiometric Upconversion Nanoprobes for Detection of ONOO−‐Related Hepatotoxicity In Vivo
Authors: Liu Xiao , Lai Huanhua , Peng Juanjuan , Cheng Dan , Zhang Xiao‐Bing , Yuan Lin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAcute hepatitis is a major problem affecting public health and has attracted more and more attention. Generally, as the standard means, blood tests are taken for evaluating hepatitis. However, such tests fail to accurately reflect the level of hepatitis in vivo. Herein, two highly selective ratiometric fluorescent probes are designed to track peroxynitrite (ONOO−) as the hepatitis indicator, and further evaluate acute liver injury in vivo through dye‐grafted upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs). Specifically, upconversion luminescence of nanoprobes at 540 or 660 nm can be quenched by the designed and synthesized chromophore E‐CC or H‐CC, that can be destroyed by ONOO− via energy transfer (ET) process, while the upconversion luminescence intensity at 810 nm remains the same. Thus, the developed nanoprobes can be used for ratiometric detection (I540/I660 or I660/I810) of ONOO−. Moreover, the developed near infrared ratiometric nanoprobes can highly selectively detect ONOO−, which can eliminate the interference of HOCl and SO32−. Finally, it is demonstrated that this highly selective ratiometric nanosystem can achieve effective detection of ONOO− in living cells and CCl4‐induced acute liver injury models. It provides some reference value for clinical detection of hepatotoxicity.
In Vivo Environment‐Adaptive Nanocomplex with Tumor Cell–Specific Cytotoxicity Enhances T Cells Infiltration and Improves Cancer Therapy
Authors: Liu Yiran , Lang Tianqun , Zheng Zhong , Cheng Hui , Huang Xin , Wang Guanru , Yin Qi , Li Yaping 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDrug delivery strategies possessing selectivity for cancer cells are eagerly needed in therapy of metastatic breast cancer. In this study, the chemotherapeutic agent, docetaxel (DTX), is conjugated onto heparan sulfate (HS). Aspirin (ASP), which has the activity of anti‐metastasis and enhancing T cells infiltration in tumors, is encapsulated into the HS‐DTX micelle. Then the cationic polyethyleneimine (PEI)‐polyethylene glycol (PEG) copolymer binds to HS via electrostatic force, forming the ASP‐loaded HS‐DTX micelle (AHD)/PEI‐PEG nanocomplex (PAHD). PAHD displays long circulation behavior in blood due to the PEG shell. Under the tumor microenvironment with weakly acidic pH, PEI‐PEG separates from AHD, and the free cationic PEI‐PEG facilitates the cellular uptake of AHD by increasing permeability of cell membranes. Then the overexpressed heparanase degrades HS, releasing ASP and DTX. PAHD shows specific toxicity toward tumor cells but not normal cells, with advanced activity of inhibiting tumor growth and lung metastasis in 4T1 tumor‐bearing mice. The number of CD8+ T cells in tumor tissues is also increased. Therefore, PAHD can become an efficient drug delivery system for breast cancer treatment.
Student Learning Communities: An Avenue to Academic Affairs and Student Affairs Partnerships at Historically Black Colleges and Universities
Authors: Kirby Morgan D. , Fitzgerald Faith M. , Marable Robin , Eason Angel L. , Nicholson Shareen , Arroyo Andrew T. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis chapter provides an insiders’ view of a partnership between student affairs and academic affairs at one historically Black college or university (HBCU). Using a learning communities initiative as the primary example, we describe how the two divisions have intentionally created a durable working partnership for student success.
Influence of voltage unbalance on the steady‐state performance of line start permanent magnet synchronous motors
Authors: Qiu Hongbo , Hu Kaiqiang , Yi Ran , Wei Yanqi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe line start permanent magnet synchronous motor (LSPMSM) can be used for direct‐on‐line (DOL) starting, so it is easily affected by voltage unbalance. Based on the finite element method (FEM) and analytical method, the influence of voltage unbalance on the steady‐state performance of LSPMSM is studied in this paper. A two‐dimensional finite element model is built, and the armature current, losses and torque ripple as a function of the phase voltage unbalance rate (PVUR) are obtained. The influence mechanism of voltage unbalance on the steady‐state performance of a motor is demonstrated. Finally, a prototype of LSPMSM is manufactured and tested. By comparing the experimental data with the simulation data, the accuracy of the calculation model is verified, and the correctness of the research is proved. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A multivariate framework to study spatio‐temporal dependency of electricity load and wind power
Authors: Khuntia Swasti R. , Rueda Jose L. , van der Meijden Mart A.M.M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWith massive wind power integration, the spatial distribution of electricity load centers and wind power plants make it plausible to study the inter‐spatial dependence and temporal correlation for the effective working of the power system. In this paper, a novel multivariate framework is developed to study the spatio‐temporal dependency using vine copula. Hourly resolution of load and wind power data obtained from a US regional transmission operator spanning 3 years and spatially distributed in 19 load and two wind power zones are considered in this study. Data collection, in terms of dimension, tends to increase in future, and to tackle this high‐dimensional data, a reproducible sampling algorithm using vine copula is developed. The sampling algorithm employs k‐means clustering along with singular value decomposition technique to ease the computational burden. Selection of appropriate clustering technique and copula family is realized by the goodness of clustering and goodness of fit tests. The paper concludes with a discussion on the importance of spatio‐temporal modeling of load and wind power and the advantage of the proposed multivariate sampling algorithm using vine copula.
The effect of socioeconomic status on severe traumatic injury: a statistical analysis
Authors: Popal Zar , Berkeveld Eva , Ponsen Kees Jan , Goei Harold , Bloemers Frank W. , Zuidema Wietse P. , Giannakopoulos Georgios F. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Purpose
The amount of studies performed regarding a link between socioeconomic status (SES) and fatal outcome after traumatic injury is limited. Most research is focused on work-related injuries without taking other important characteristics into account. The aim of this study is to examine the association between SES and outcome after traumatic injury.

Methods
The study involved polytrauma patients [Injury Severity Score (ISS) ≥ 16] admitted to the Amsterdam University Medical Center (location VUmc) and Northwest Clinics Alkmaar (level 1 trauma centers). The SES of every patient was based on their postal code and represented with a “status score”. Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed to estimate the association between SES and mortality, length of stay at the hospital and length of stay at the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Z-statistics were used to determine the difference between the expected and actual survival, based on Trauma Revised Injury Severity Score (TRISS) and PSNL15 (probability of survival based on the Dutch population).

Results
A total of 967 patients were included in this study. The lowest SES group was significantly associated with more penetrating injuries and a younger age (45 years versus 55 years). Additionally, severely injured patients with lower SES were noted to have a prolonged stay at the ICU. Furthermore, differences were found in the expected and observed survival, especially for the lower SES groups.

Conclusion
Polytrauma patients with lower SES have more often penetrating injuries, are younger and have a longer stay at the ICU. No association was found between SES and length of hospital stay and neither between SES and mortality.
Comparison Between Preoperative and Intraoperative Administration of Nefopam for Acute and Chronic Postoperative Pain in Colon Cancer Patients: A Prospective, Randomized, Double‐Blind Study
Authors: Lim Hyungsun , Kang Sehrin , Kim Boram , Ko Seonghoon 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe present study was designed as a prospective, randomized, double‐blind clinical trial to evaluate the effects of preoperatively administered nefopam on postoperative acute hyperalgesia and the long‐term painful sequelae compared to intraoperative administration.MethodsOne hundred and fifty patients undergoing elective laparoscopic colectomy were enrolled. Group 1 (post‐incisional nefopam) patients received saline at 30 min before skin incision followed by intraoperative administration of 20 mg nefopam at 1 h after incision. Group 2 (pre‐incisional nefopam) patients were administered 20 mg nefopam before skin incision and received saline after skin incision. At postoperative 2, 6, 24, 48, and 72 h, fentanyl consumption and pain intensities at rest and during deep breathing were evaluated by visual analog scale (VAS). The incidence of the long‐term painful sequelae after surgery was evaluated more than one year after surgery.ResultsCumulative fentanyl consumption during postoperative 72 h was similar between Group 1 and Group 2 (1534 ± 698 μg, 95% CI 1367–1702 μg vs. 1442 ± 721 μg, 95% CI 1266–1618 μg, P = 0.197). VAS pain scores at rest were comparable between the two groups, but VAS scores during deep breathing were significantly lower in Group 2 than in Group 1. Six and five patients complained of mild pain (pain rating 1) at the surgical site in Group 1 and 2, respectively.ConclusionsPreoperatively administered nefopam reduced exertional pain compared to intraoperative administration although postoperative analgesic consumption was similar between two groups. It may be helpful to conduct early ambulation and deep breathing during the acute postoperative period in patients undergoing intestinal surgery.Trial registration No: KCT0001656.
Socio-ecological resilience to climate change effects in peri-urban areas: insights from the Pugu and Kazimzumbwi forest reserves of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Mngumi Lazaro Eliyah 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis article is exploring socio-ecological system adaptive capacities for building resilience to climate change effects in the peri-urban belt of Dar es Salaam, at the Pugu and Kazimzumbwi forest reserves. Three selected hamlets (Nzasa, Kisarawe and Pugu–Kibaoni) constitute the study area. A combination of household interview, key informant interview, focus group discussion complemented by literature review compose data collection techniques deployed. The study revealed diverse socio-ecological system ‘adaptive capacities’ for building resilience to climate change effects. These includes socio-cultural i.e. heterogenous ethnic groups, promising literacy rate, diverse age cohorts within the population and diverse occupations. Another set of adaptive capacities at Pugu and Kazimzumbwi socio-ecological system regards diverse and innovative ecosystem services based income generating activities i.e. Bee keeping industry and tourism industry in its multiple forms (food tourism, arts and craft tourism and nature tourism). Overall, the Pugu and Kazimzumbwi socio-ecological system has considerable adaptive capacities providing ample platform for agents to act upon in building resilience to climate change effects. It is hereby recommended that the nature, role and extent of agency be explored so as to establish the status quo and therefore the feasible entry point for policy intervention.