bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Benefits of Out-of-Hospital External Chest Compression
Authors: Williams Brett , Fallows Brian , Allan Jeff 
Published: December 2018

Objective 1. To review and analyse the literature regarding out-of-hospital external chest compressions (ECC) in severe asthma and status asthmaticus. 2. To compare which ambulance services in Australia and New Zealand actively use ECC in their clinical practice guidelines for severe asthma. Methods Literature review using a variety of medical databases including, Medline, AMED, ProQuest, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus and Cochrane Library from 1950 to present. The following keywords were used in the search strategy, ambulance, asthma, emergency medical technicians, external chest compression, external chest pressure, lateral chest compression, lateral chest pressure, out-of-hospital, paramedic, prehospital, status asthmaticus and thoracic compression. A review of Australian and New Zealand ambulance service clinical practice guidelines was also undertaken comparing the current out-of-hospital guidelines use of ECC. Results A total of nine papers were located with low levels of evidence supporting the use of ECC. Only two papers directly discussed ECC in the context of out-of-hospital care. Three of the eight Australian ambulance services actively use ECC in their clinical practice guidelines. Conclusion High level evidence was not found supporting the use of ECC in severe asthma or status asthmaticus. Anecdotal opinions and case reports generally have supported its use in dynamic hyperinflation settings. Further research is required before recommendations can be made.
Facile Fabrication of Multifunctional ZnO Urchins on Surfaces
Authors: Tripathy Abinash , Wąsik Patryk , Sreedharan Syama , Nandi Dipankar , Bikondoa Oier , Su Bo , Sen Prosenjit , Briscoe Wuge H. 
Published: December 2018

Functional ZnO nanostructured surfaces are important in a wide range of applications. Here we report the simple fabrication of ZnO surface structures at near room temperature with morphology resembling that of sea urchins, with densely packed, μ m-long, tapered nanoneedles radiating from the urchin center. The ZnO urchin structures were successfully formed on several different substrates with high surface density and coverage, including silicon (Si), glass, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and copper (Cu) sheets, as well as Si seeded with ZnO nanocrystals. Time-resolved SEM revealed growth kinetics of the ZnO nanostructures on Si, capturing the emergence of “infant” urchins at the early growth stage and subsequent progressive increases in the urchin nanoneedle length and density, whilst the spiky nanoneedle morphology was retained throughout the growth. ε -Zn(OH)2 orthorhombic crystals were also observed alongside the urchins. The crystal structures of the nanostructures at different growth times were confirmed by synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements. On seeded Si substrates, a two-stage growth mechanism was identified, with a primary growth step of vertically aligned ZnO nanoneedle arrays preceding the secondary growth of the urchins atop the nanoneedle array. The antibacterial, anti-reflective, and wetting functionality of the ZnO urchins—with spiky nanoneedles and at high surface density—on Si substrates was demonstrated. First, bacteria colonization was found to be suppressed on the surface after 24 h incubation in gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) culture, in contrast to control substrates (bare Si and Si sputtered with a 20 nm ZnO thin film). Secondly, the ZnO urchin surface, exhibiting superhydrophilic property with a water contact angle ~ 0 ° , could be rendered superhydrophobic with a simple silanization step, characterized by an apparent water contact angle θ of 159° ± 1.4° and contact angle hysteresis Δ θ < 7°. The dynamic superhydrophobicity of the surface was demonstrated by the bouncing-off of a falling 10 μ L water droplet, with a contact time of 15.3 milliseconds (ms), captured using a high-speed camera. Thirdly, it was shown that the presence of dense spiky ZnO nanoneedles and urchins on the seeded Si substrate exhibited a reflectance R < 1% over the wavelength range λ = 200–800 nm. The ZnO urchins with a unique morphology fabricated via a simple route at room temperature, and readily implementable on different substrates, may be further exploited for multifunctional surfaces and product formulations.
NLTE Stellar Population Synthesis of Globular Clusters Using Synthetic Integrated Light Spectra. II. Expanded Photometry and Sensitivity of Near-IR Spectral Features to Cluster Age and Metallicity
Authors: Young Mitchell. E. , Short C. Ian 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
We present an expanded investigation of the library of globular cluster (GC) synthetic integrated light (IL) spectra of Young & Short, focusing on the impact of non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) modeling effects on cluster parameters derived from photometric colors and sensitivity of near-IR spectral features to cluster age and metallicity. Johnson–Cousins–Bessel UBVIJK photometric colors are produced for 910 synthetic IL spectra with two degrees of α enhancement, in both NLTE and local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE). These color values are used to investigate the GC age–metallicity degeneracy and compare NLTE and LTE derived [M/H] values for NGC 104, NGC 5139, and NGC 6205. For a given age, derived [M/H] values are shown to increase by up to 0.05 dex when modeled in NLTE. A total of 86 spectral lines in the range λ = 12000–22000 Å, representing 14 different atomic species, were identified as sensitive to either cluster age or metallicity, 12 of which were identified as sensitive to both. Equivalent widths of the lines are measured in NLTE and LTE spectra, with NLTE effects changing the widths by up to

Å depending on the atomic species.
A GRB Afterglow Model Consistent with Hypernova Observations
Authors: Ruffini R. , Karlica M. , Sahakyan N. , Rueda J. A. , Wang Y. , Mathews G. J. , Bianco C. L. , Muccino M. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
We describe the afterglows of the long gamma-ray-burst (GRB) 130427A within the context of a binary-driven hypernova. The afterglows originate from the interaction between a newly born neutron star (νNS), created by an Ic supernova (SN), and a mildly relativistic ejecta of a hypernova (HN). Such an HN in turn results from the impact of the GRB on the original SN Ic. The mildly relativistic expansion velocity of the afterglow (Γ ∼ 3) is determined, using our model-independent approach, from the thermal emission between 196 and 461 s. The power law in the optical and X-ray bands of the afterglow is shown to arise from the synchrotron emission of relativistic electrons in the expanding magnetized HN ejecta. Two components contribute to the injected energy: the kinetic energy of the mildly relativistic expanding HN and the rotational energy of the fast-rotating highly magnetized νNS. We reproduce the afterglow in all wavelengths from the optical (1014 Hz) to the X-ray band (1019 Hz) over times from 604 s to 5.18 × 106 s relative to the Fermi-GBM trigger. Initially, the emission is dominated by the loss of kinetic energy of the HN component. After 105 s the emission is dominated by the loss of rotational energy of the νNS, for which we adopt an initial rotation period of 2 ms and a dipole plus quadrupole magnetic field of ≲7 × 1012 G or ∼1014 G. This scenario with a progenitor composed of a COcore and an NS companion differs from the traditional ultra-relativistic-jetted treatments of the afterglows originating from a single black hole.
Possible Phase-dependent Absorption Feature in the X-Ray Spectrum of the Middle-aged PSR J0659+1414
Authors: Arumugasamy Prakash , Kargaltsev Oleg , Posselt Bettina , Pavlov George G. , Hare Jeremy 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
We report on the energy-resolved timing and phase-resolved spectral analysis of X-ray emission from PSR J0659+1414 observed with XMM-Newton and NuSTAR. We find that the new data rule out the previously suggested model of the phase-dependent spectrum as a three-component (two blackbodies + power law) continuum, which shows large residuals between 0.3 and 0.7 keV. Fitting neutron star atmosphere models or several blackbodies to the spectrum does not provide a better description of the spectrum and requires spectral model components with unrealistically large emission region sizes. The fits improve significantly if we add a phase-dependent absorption feature with central energy 0.5–0.6 keV and equivalent width up to ≈50 eV. We detected the feature for about half of the pulse cycle. Energy-resolved pulse profiles support the description of the spectrum with a three-component continuum and an absorption component. The absorption feature could be interpreted as an electron cyclotron line originating in the pulsar magnetosphere and broadened by the nonuniformity of the magnetic field along the line of sight. The significant phase variability in the thermal emission from the entire stellar surface may indicate multipolar magnetic fields and a nonuniform temperature distribution. The strongly pulsed nonthermal spectral component detected with NuSTAR in the 3–20 keV range is well fit by a power-law model with a photon index Γ = 1.5 ± 0.2.
Fabrication and Diffraction Efficiency of a Large-format, Replicated X-Ray Reflection Grating
Authors: Miles Drew M. , McCoy Jake A. , McEntaffer Randall L. , Eichfeld Chad M. , Lavallee Guy , Labella Michael , Drawl William , Liu Bangzhi , DeRoo Casey T. , Steiner Tyler 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
We present the methodology used to fabricate an X-ray reflection grating and describe a technique for grating replication. Further, we present the experimental procedure and results of a study to measure the diffraction efficiency of a replicated X-ray reflection grating in an extreme off-plane geometry. The blazed grating demonstrates a total diffraction efficiency of ∼60% from 0.34 to 1.2 keV at a grazing angle of ∼1.°5, with single-order efficiency ranging from ∼35% to 65% for energies within the blaze envelope. The diffraction efficiency of the grating measured relative to the reflectivity of the metal coating averages ∼90% above 0.34 keV. Data collected as a function of beam position on the grating indicate a relative variation in total efficiency of <1% rms across the grating surface.
G11.92–0.61 MM 1: A Fragmented Keplerian Disk Surrounding a Proto-O Star
Authors: Ilee J. D. , Cyganowski C. J. , Brogan C. L. , Hunter T. R. , Forgan D. H. , Haworth T. J. , Clarke C. J. , Harries T. J. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
We present high-resolution (∼300 au) Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations of the massive young stellar object G11.92–0.61 MM 1. We resolve the immediate circumstellar environment of MM 1 in 1.3 mm continuum emission and CH3CN emission for the first time. The object divides into two main sources—MM 1a, which is the source of a bipolar molecular outflow, and MM 1b, located 0.″57 (1920 au) to the southeast. The main component of MM 1a is an elongated continuum structure, perpendicular to the bipolar outflow, with a size of 0.″141 × 0.″050 (480 × 170 au). The gas kinematics toward MM 1a probed via CH3CN trace a variety of scales. The lower energy J = 12–11 K = 3 line traces extended, rotating gas within the outflow cavity, while the v8 = 1 line shows a clearly resolved Keplerian rotation signature. Analysis of the gas kinematics and dust emission shows that the total enclosed mass in MM 1a is 40 ± 5 M
⊙ (where between 2.2 and 5.8 M
⊙ is attributed to the disk), while MM 1b is <0.6 M
⊙. The extreme mass ratio and orbital properties of MM 1a and MM 1b suggest that MM 1b is one of the first observed examples of the formation of a binary star via disk fragmentation around a massive young (proto)star.
Catching a Planet: A Tidal Capture Origin for the Exomoon Candidate Kepler 1625b I
Authors: Hamers Adrian S. , Portegies Zwart Simon F. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The (yet-to-be confirmed) discovery of a Neptune-sized moon around the ∼3.2 Jupiter-mass planet in Kepler 1625 puts interesting constraints on the formation of the system. In particular, the relatively wide orbit of the moon around the planet, at ∼40 planetary radii, is hard to reconcile with planet formation theories. We demonstrate that the observed characteristics of the system can be explained from the tidal capture of a secondary planet in the young system. After a quick phase of tidal circularization, the lunar orbit, initially much tighter than 40 planetary radii, subsequently gradually widened due to tidal synchronization of the spin of the planet with the orbit, resulting in a synchronous planet-moon system. Interestingly, in our scenario the captured object was originally a Neptune-like planet, turned into a moon by its capture.
Décapiter les aigles, plumer les cygnes. Jules Vallès antiromantique
Authors: Saminadayar-Perrin Corinne 
Published: December 2018

Des débuts du Second Empire à l’apothéose républicaine de Hugo, l’antiromantisme paradoxal de Vallès offre un « point d’optique » privilégié. Vallès partage avec le romantisme social l’idéal d’un art engagé, révolutionnaire et démocratique ; c’est précisément cette convergence originelle qui précipite la rupture : quand la canaille lyrique dégrade la solidarité en sensiblerie hypocrite, quand l’esthétique intimiste se renverse en autolâtrie forcenée, quand la grandiloquence du style dérobe le réel, la modernité se trouve sommée de forger des poétiques inédites, réalistes et actualistes, afin de réinventer une littérature faite par tous et destinée à tous.
Giraudoux, juge des romantiques français. L’écrivain et la crise de la nation
Authors: Brancourt Vincent 
Published: December 2018

Les liens de Giraudoux avec la tradition romantique sont avérés. Cependant, au tournant des années 1930, tout en appelant à un « nouveau romantisme », il multiplie les attaques contre la génération romantique de 1830. Celle-ci est accusée d’imposture, d’avoir empêché l’avènement d’un véritable romantisme français et surtout d’avoir laissé la France démunie face à ses problèmes en retranchant l’écrivain de la société. La réflexion de Giraudoux sur le romantisme français s’inscrit en effet dans un cadre plus vaste où se trouve posée la question de la mission sociale et politique de l’écrivain et où est affirmée sa tâche, l’élaboration d’une langue permettant à tous d’affronter le présent. C’est donc au nom d’un romantisme plus large conçu comme conscience intime de la crise que Giraudoux prononce son réquisitoire contre ceux que la tradition scolaire appelle les romantiques français.
British and American Diplomatic Memoirs as Factual Narratives: A Resource for the Linguistic and Cultural Analysis of the Specialised Domain of Diplomacy
Authors: Stark Jessica 
Published: December 2018

Cet article propose une analyse préliminaire des mémoires de diplomates dans le cadre d’une recherche sur la langue-culture spécialisée du domaine professionnel de la diplomatie. Nous nous appuyons sur un corpus de 28 mémoires de diplomates britanniques et américains publiés depuis 2000 afin de définir un « prototype générique » pour ce type de texte. Nous examinons ensuite le « substrat professionnel » des mémoires diplomatiques afin d’étudier comment les pratiques, les connaissances et les spécificités langagières du domaine diplomatique sont décrites. Enfin, nous explorons les convergences possibles entre ces récits de vie professionnelle et la « culture diplomatique ».
Zip6 Transporter Is an Essential Component of the Lymphocyte Activation Machinery
Authors: Colomar-Carando Natalia , Meseguer Alberto , Company-Garrido Iván , Jutz Sabrina , Herrera-Fernández Víctor , Olvera Alex , Kiefer Kerstin , Brander Christian , Steinberger Peter , Vicente Rubén 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Zinc deficiency causes immune dysfunction. In T lymphocytes, hypozincemia promotes thymus atrophy, polarization imbalance, and altered cytokine production. Zinc supplementation is commonly used to boost immune function to prevent infectious diseases in at-risk populations. However, the molecular players involved in zinc homeostasis in lymphocytes are poorly understood. In this paper, we wanted to determine the identity of the transporter responsible for zinc entry into lymphocytes. First, in human Jurkat cells, we characterized the effect of zinc on proliferation and activation and found that zinc supplementation enhances activation when T lymphocytes are stimulated using anti-CD3/anti-CD28 Abs. We show that zinc entry depends on specific pathways to correctly tune the NFAT, NF-κB, and AP-1 activation cascades. Second, we used various human and murine models to characterize the zinc transporter family, Zip, during T cell activation and found that Zip6 was strongly upregulated early during activation. Therefore, we generated a Jurkat Zip6 knockout (KO) line to study how the absence of this transporter affects lymphocyte physiology. We found that although Zip6KO cells showed no altered zinc transport or proliferation under basal conditions, under activation, these KO cells showed deficient zinc transport and a drastically impaired activation program. Our work shows that zinc entry into activated lymphocytes depends on Zip6 and that this transporter is essential for the correct function of the cellular activation machinery.
From climatological to small-scale applications: simulating water isotopologues with ICON-ART-Iso (version 2.3)
Authors: Eckstein Johannes , Ruhnke Roland , Pfahl Stephan , Christner Emanuel , Diekmann Christopher , Dyroff Christoph , Reinert Daniel , Rieger Daniel , Schneider Matthias , Schröter Jennifer , Zahn Andreas , Braesicke Peter 
Published: December 2018

Abstract. We present the new isotope-enabled model ICON-ART-Iso. The physics package of
the global ICOsahedral Nonhydrostatic (ICON) modeling framework has been
extended to simulate passive moisture tracers and the stable isotopologues
HDO and H218O. The extension builds on the infrastructure
provided by ICON-ART, which allows for high flexibility with respect to the
number of related water tracers that are simulated. The physics of
isotopologue fractionation follow the model COSMOiso. We first present a
detailed description of the physics of fractionation that have been
implemented in the model. The model is then evaluated on a range of temporal
scales by comparing with measurements of precipitation and vapor. A multi-annual simulation is compared to observations of the isotopologues in
precipitation taken from the station network GNIP (Global Network for
Isotopes in Precipitation). ICON-ART-Iso is able to simulate the main
features of the seasonal cycles in δD and
δ18O as observed at the GNIP stations. In a comparison with
IASI satellite retrievals, the seasonal and daily cycles in the isotopologue
content of vapor are examined for different regions in the free troposphere.
On a small spatial and temporal scale, ICON-ART-Iso is used to simulate the
period of two flights of the IAGOS-CARIBIC aircraft in September 2010, which
sampled air in the tropopause region influenced by Hurricane Igor. The
general features of this sample as well as those of all tropical data
available from IAGOS-CARIBIC are captured by the model. The study demonstrates that ICON-ART-Iso is a flexible tool to analyze the
water cycle of ICON. It is capable of simulating tagged water as well as the
isotopologues HDO and H218O.
Temporal- and spatial-scale and positional effects on rain erosivity derived from point-scale and contiguous rain data
Authors: Fischer Franziska K. , Winterrath Tanja , Auerswald Karl 
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Up until now, erosivity required for soil loss
predictions has been mainly estimated from rain gauge data at point scale
and then spatially interpolated to erosivity maps. Contiguous rain data from
weather radar measurements, satellites, cellular communication networks and
other sources are now available, but they differ in measurement method and
temporal and spatial scale from data at point scale. We determined how the
intensity threshold of erosive rains has to be modified and which scaling
factors have to be applied to account for the differences in method and
scales. Furthermore, a positional effect quantifies heterogeneity of
erosivity within 1 km2, which presently is the highest
resolution of freely available gauge-adjusted radar rain data. These effects
were analysed using several large data sets with a total of approximately 2×106 erosive events (e.g. records of 115 rain gauges for 16 years
distributed across Germany and radar rain data for the same locations and
events). With decreasing temporal resolution, peak intensities decreased and
the intensity threshold was met less often. This became especially
pronounced when time increments became larger than 30 min. With decreasing
spatial resolution, intensity peaks were also reduced because additionally
large areas without erosive rain were included within one pixel. This was
due to the steep spatial gradients in erosivity. Erosivity of single events
could be zero or more than twice the mean annual sum within a distance of
less than 1 km. We conclude that the resulting large positional effect
requires use of contiguous rain data, even over distances of less than 1 km,
but at the same time contiguously measured radar data cannot be resolved to
point scale. The temporal scale is easier to consider, but with time
increments larger than 30 min the loss of information increases
considerably. We provide functions to account for temporal scale (from 1
to 120 min) and spatial scale (from rain gauge to pixels of 18 km width)
that can be applied to rain gauge data of low temporal resolution and to
contiguous rain data.
Is There a Law Commission in France?
Authors: Combrade Bertrand-Léo 
Published: December 2018

Is There a Law Commission in France - About the Commission Supérieure de Codification
The ‘Commission Supérieure de Codification (‘High Commission on Codification’) is a body that was created with the aim of providing support for the process of codifying the texts of positive law. Analysis of both its place in France’s institutional architecture and its working methods highlights certain particularities in the body’s functioning and raises questions as to its degree of proximity to the Law Commissions.
Berechting door de enkelvoudige kamer
Authors: Korthals Altes W.F. 
Published: December 2018

Berechting door de enkelvoudige kamer
De regeling van de berechting door de enkelvoudige kamer (politierechter en kantonrechter) wordt aanzienlijk vereenvoudigd door het opnemen van gemeenschappelijke regels, de verwijzing naar de algemene regels voor berechting en het schrappen van in onbruik geraakte procedures. Inhoudelijk en terminologisch blijft vrijwel alles bij het oude. De vraag is of deze aspecten niet ook moeten worden gemoderniseerd.