bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antenatal detection of fetal growth restriction and risk of stillbirth: population‐based case–control study
Authors: Ego A. , Monier I. , Skaare K. , Zeitlin J. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTObjectivesAntenatal surveillance of intrauterine growth aims to detect growth‐restricted fetuses (FGR), which face increased risk of stillbirth. Improving their detection could be an effective strategy for prevention of stillbirth. The French REPERE study was conducted to estimate the association between antenatal detection of FGR and risk of stillbirth.MethodsREPERE is a case–control study performed in three French districts with a combined total of approximately 30 000 births annually. Cases were singleton small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) stillbirths ≥ 24 weeks' gestation and without severe congenital anomaly, between 2012 and 2014, identified using a population‐based stillbirth registry; controls were live births fulfilling the same inclusion criteria over a 9‐week period from 7 April to 8 June 2014. Data were extracted by trained investigators from medical records and ultrasound reports. SGA was defined as birth weight < 10th percentile of French customized standards. FGR was defined by the presence of at least one of seven predefined parameters (suspected FGR mentioned in medical records or in ultrasound report, suspected faltering growth mentioned in an ultrasound report, documented abdominal circumference or estimated fetal weight < 10th percentile, referral for additional ultrasound examination to monitor growth or abnormal umbilical artery Doppler). We used logistic regression to estimate crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for the association between detection of FGR and risk of stillbirth. Included covariables were parity, maternal medical history, vascular complications during pregnancy and birth‐weight percentile, which are known to be associated with risk of detection of FGR and of stillbirth.ResultsDuring the study period, there were 92 182 births ≥ 22 weeks' gestation, including 669 stillbirths, of which 79 were singleton SGA stillbirths ≥ 24 weeks and without severe congenital anomaly. Of these cases, 44.3% (35/79) had FGR detected, compared with a detection rate of 36.2% in controls (154/426). The crude OR expressing the association between detection of FGR and risk of stillbirth was 1.4 (95% CI, 0.9–2.3) and the OR adjusted for parity, presence of risk factors for FGR, presence of vascular disorder and birth‐weight percentile was 0.6 (95% CI, 0.3–1.0). Among deliveries ≥ 28 weeks, detection rates were 38.3% vs 36.0% for cases and controls, with an adjusted OR of 0.5 (95% CI, 0.2–1.0).ConclusionAntenatal detection of FGR was protective against stillbirth, but over 40% of stillbirths among SGA fetuses occurred despite detection of FGR, pointing to the need to improve management following detection. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
MRI in systems medicine
Authors: Liu Thomas T. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of the primary medical imaging modalities and a key component of the standard of care in modern healthcare systems. One of the factors that distinguishes MRI from other imaging methods is the ability to program the MRI system to reveal a wide range of imaging contrasts, where each type of contrast offers unique information about the biological sample of interest. This ability stems from the fact that both the amplitude and phase of the magnetization of the underlying tissue can be manipulated to highlight different biological phenomenon. The flexibility and capabilities offered by modern MRI systems have enabled the development of a myriad of techniques for characterizing anatomy, physiology, and function. These include methods to characterize gross anatomy, tissue microstructure, bulk blood flow, tissue perfusion, and functional changes in blood oxygenation.This article is categorized under:
Laboratory Methods and Technologies > Imaging
Translational, Genomic, and Systems Medicine > Diagnostic Methods
When is It Safe to Start VTE Prophylaxis After Blunt Solid Organ Injury? A Prospective Study from a Level I Trauma Center
Authors: Schellenberg Morgan , Inaba Kenji , Biswas Subarna , Heindel Patrick , Benjamin Elizabeth , Strumwasser Aaron , Matsushima Kazuhide , Lam Lydia , Demetriades Demetrios 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe optimal timing of VTE prophylaxis initiation after blunt solid organ injury is controversial. Retrospective studies suggest initiation ≤48 h is safe. This prospective study examined the safety and efficacy of early VTE prophylaxis initiation after nonoperative blunt solid organ injury.MethodsAll patients >15 years of age presenting after blunt trauma (12/01/16–11/30/17) were prospectively screened. Patients were included if solid organ injury (liver, spleen, kidney) was diagnosed on admission CT scan and nonoperative management was planned. ED deaths, transfers, patients with pre‐existing bleeding disorders or home antiplatelet/anticoagulant medications, and those who did not receive VTE prophylaxis were excluded. Demographics, injury/clinical data, type/timing of VTE prophylaxis initiation, and outcomes were collected. Patients were dichotomized into study groups based on VTE prophylaxis initiation time: Early (≤48 h) vs Late (>48 h after admission). Prophylaxis initiation was at the discretion of the attending trauma surgeon. The primary study outcome was VTE event rate. Secondary outcomes included hospital length of stay (LOS), intensive care unit (ICU) LOS, need for and volume of post‐prophylaxis blood transfusion, need for delayed (post‐prophylaxis) interventional radiology (IR) or operative intervention, failure of nonoperative management, and mortality. Outcomes were compared with univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis with logistic regression determined independent predictors of late VTE prophylaxis initiation.ResultsAfter exclusions, 118 patients were identified. Median ISS was 22 [IQR 14–26]. Median AAST grade of injury was 2 [IQR 2–3] for liver, 2 [IQR 1–3] for spleen, and 3 [IQR 2–3] for kidney. Compared to late prophylaxis patients (n = 57, 48%), early prophylaxis patients (n = 61, 52%) had significantly fewer DVTs (n = 0, 0% vs n = 5, 9%, p = 0.024) but similar rates of PE (n = 2, 3% vs n = 3, 5%, p = 0.672). TBI was the only significant risk factor for late prophylaxis (OR 0.22, p = 0.015). No patient in either group required delayed intervention (operative or IR) for bleeding. There was no difference in volume of post‐prophylaxis blood transfusion.ConclusionsIn this prospective study of patients with nonoperative blunt solid organ injuries, early (≤48 h) initiation of VTE prophylaxis resulted in a lower incidence of DVTs without an associated increase in bleeding or need for intervention. Early initiation of VTE prophylaxis is likely to be safe and beneficial for patients with blunt solid organ injury.
Life satisfaction trajectories of junior high school students in poverty: Exploring the role of self‐efficacy and social support
Authors: Jhang Fang‐Hua 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionAdolescents’ evaluation of overall life in response to adverse life circumstances may depend on the features of events as well as the resources of the youngsters, but there is a lack of research examining whether these factors relate to life satisfaction trajectories from early adolescence to late adolescence (ranging from age 12 to 19). This study analyzes whether controllable negative life events, internal resources, (e.g., self‐efficacy) and external resources, (e.g., three sources of social support) predict life satisfaction trajectories, and whether these resources moderate the negative impacts of controllable events on life satisfaction trajectories.MethodsMultilevel growth modeling was used to analyze a three‐wave, nationally representative sample consisting of 818 adolescents from poor families in Taiwan. At time T1, participants were junior high school students (mean age = 13.52, SD=.83).ResultsThe results revealed that controllable negative events reduced the initial state of life satisfaction, whereas self‐efficacy and family support enhanced the initial life satisfaction. In addition, instead of providing a buffering effect, self‐efficacy strengthened the link between baseline controllable events and changes in life satisfaction.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that peer support, rather than family and teacher support, moderates the impact of controllable negative events on life satisfaction over time.
HIGHER GENUS GROMOV–WITTEN THEORY OF AND ASSOCIATED TO LOCAL CURVES
Authors: PANDHARIPANDE RAHUL , TSENG HSIAN-HUA 
Published: July 2019

We study the higher genus equivariant Gromov–Witten theory of the Hilbert scheme of$n$points of$\mathbb{C}^{2}$. Since the equivariant quantum cohomology, computed by Okounkov and Pandharipande [Invent. Math. 179(2010), 523–557], is semisimple, the higher genus theory is determined by an$\mathsf{R}$-matrix via the Givental–Teleman classification of Cohomological Field Theories (CohFTs). We uniquely specify the required$\mathsf{R}$-matrix by explicit data in degree$0$. As a consequence, we lift the basic triangle of equivalences relating the equivariant quantum cohomology of the Hilbert scheme$\mathsf{Hilb}^{n}(\mathbb{C}^{2})$and the Gromov–Witten/Donaldson–Thomas correspondence for 3-fold theories of local curves to a triangle of equivalences in all higher genera. The proof uses the analytic continuation of the fundamental solution of the QDE of the Hilbert scheme of points determined by Okounkov and Pandharipande [Transform. Groups 15(2010), 965–982]. The GW/DT edge of the triangle in higher genus concerns new CohFTs defined by varying the 3-fold local curve in the moduli space of stable curves. The equivariant orbifold Gromov–Witten theory of the symmetric product$\mathsf{Sym}^{n}(\mathbb{C}^{2})$is also shown to be equivalent to the theories of the triangle in all genera. The result establishes a complete case of the crepant resolution conjecture [Bryan and Graber,Algebraic Geometry–Seattle 2005, Part 1, Proceedings of Symposia in Pure Mathematics, 80 (American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, 2009), 23–42; Coateset al.,Geom. Topol. 13(2009), 2675–2744; Coates & Ruan,Ann. Inst. Fourier (Grenoble) 63(2013), 431–478].
Tuning heat transport via boundary layer topographies
Authors: Xia Ke-Qing 
Published: July 2019

A primary objective in turbulent thermal convection research is to understand and control the heat transport scaling behaviour. Previous studies have shown that the heat transport can be tuned by manipulating the boundary layer topographies with monoscale roughness elements. Now, Zhu et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 869, 2019, R4) have demonstrated that with multiscale wall roughness, the heat transport law with an exponent of $1/2$ can be achieved for an extended range of the Rayleigh number, providing a new way to manipulate heat transport by tuning boundary topographies in turbulent flows.
The menstrual cycle may not be limited to the endometrium but also may impact gut permeability
Authors: Roomruangwong Chutima , Carvalho André F. , Geffard Michel , Maes Michael 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjective:To examine associations between IgA responses to Gram-negative gut commensal bacteria and peri-menstrual symptoms and sex hormone levels during the menstrual cycle in women with and without premenstrual symptoms.Methods:Forty women aged 18–45 years completed the Daily Record of Severity of Problems (DRSP) during all 28 consecutive days of the menstrual cycle. We assayed, in plasma, IgA responses to six Gram-negative bacteria, that is,Hafnei alvei, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Morganella morganii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas putidaandCitobacter koseri, progesterone and oestradiol at days 7, 14, 21 and 28 of the menstrual cycle.Results:Significant changes in Δ (actual − 1 week earlier) IgA to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of the six Gram-negative bacteria during the menstrual cycle were observed with peak IgA levels at T4 (day 28) and lows at T1 or T2 (day 7 or 14). The ΔIgA changes inH. alvei,M. Morganii, P. putidaduring the menstrual cycle were significantly and positively associated with changes in the total DRSP score, and severity of physio-somatic, anxiety and breast-craving, but not depressive, symptoms. The changes in IgA responses to LPS were largely predicted by changes in progesterone and steady-state levels of progesterone averaged over the luteal phase.Discussion:Menstrual cycle-associated changes in IgA directed against LPS and by inference bacterial translocation may be driven by the effects of progesterone on transcellular, paracellular and vascular pathways (leaky gut) thereby contributing to the severity of physio-somatic and anxiety symptoms as well as fatigue, breast swelling and food cravings.
A critical evaluation of results from genome-wide association studies of micronutrient status and their utility in the practice of precision nutrition
Authors: Dib Marie-Joe , Elliott Ruan , Ahmadi Kourosh R. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRapid advances in ‘omics’ technologies have paved the way forward to an era where more ‘precise’ approaches – ‘precision’ nutrition – which leverage data on genetic variability alongside the traditional indices, have been put forth as the state-of-the-art solution to redress the effects of malnutrition across the life course. We purport that this inference is premature and that it is imperative to first review and critique the existing evidence from large-scale epidemiological findings. We set out to provide a critical evaluation of findings from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in the roadmap to precision nutrition, focusing on GWAS of micronutrient disposition. We found that a large number of loci associated with biomarkers of micronutrient status have been identified. Mean estimates of heritability of micronutrient status ranged between 20 and 35 % for minerals, 56–59 % for water-soluble and 30–70 % for fat-soluble vitamins. With some exceptions, the majority of the identified genetic variants explained little of the overall variance in status for each micronutrient, ranging between 1·3 and 8 % (minerals), <0·1–12 % (water-soluble) and 1·7–2·3 % for (fat-soluble) vitamins. However, GWAS have provided some novel insight into mechanisms that underpin variability in micronutrient status. Our findings highlight obvious gaps that need to be addressed if the full scope of precision nutrition is ever to be realised, including research aimed at (i) dissecting the genetic basis of micronutrient deficiencies or ‘response’ to intake/supplementation (ii) identifying trans-ethnic and ethnic-specific effects (iii) identifying gene–nutrient interactions for the purpose of unravelling molecular ‘behaviour’ in a range of environmental contexts.
Neural embeddings: accurate and readable inferences based on semantic kernels
Authors: Croce Danilo , Rossini Daniele , Basili Roberto 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSentence embeddings are the suitable input vectors for the neural learning of a number of inferences about content and meaning. Similarity estimation, classification, emotional characterization of sentences as well as pragmatic tasks, such as question answering or dialogue, have largely demonstrated the effectiveness of vector embeddings to model semantics. Unfortunately, most of the above decisions are epistemologically opaque as for the limited interpretability of the acquired neural models based on the involved embeddings. We think that any effective approach to meaning representation should be at least epistemologically coherent. In this paper, we concentrate on thereadabilityof neural models, as a core property of any embedding technique consistent and effective in representing sentence meaning. In this perspective, this paper discusses a novel embedding technique (the Nyström methodology) that corresponds to the reconstruction of a sentence in a kernel space, inspired by rich semantic similarity metrics (a semantic kernel) rather than by a language model. In addition to being based on a kernel that captures grammatical and lexical semantic information, the proposed embedding can be used as the input vector of an effective neural learning architecture, calledKernel-based deep architectures(KDA). Finally, it also characterizesby designthe KDA explanatory capability, as the proposed embedding is derived from examples that are both human readable and labeled. This property is obtained by the integration of KDAs with an explanation methodology, calledlayer-wise relevance propagation (LRP), already proposed in image processing. The Nyström embeddings support here the automatic compilation of argumentations in favor or against a KDA inference, in form of an explanation: each decision can in fact be linked through LRP back to the real examples, that is, the landmarks linguistically related to the input instance. The KDA network output is explained via the analogy with the activated landmarks. Quantitative evaluation of the explanations shows that richer explanations based on semantic and syntagmatic structures characterize convincing arguments, as they effectively help the user in assessing whether or not to trust the machine decisions in different tasks, for example, Question Classification or Semantic Role Labeling. This confirms the epistemological benefit that Nyström embeddings may bring, as linguistically rich and meaningful representations for a variety of inference tasks.
Analyzing and interpreting neural networks for NLP: A report on the first BlackboxNLP workshop
Authors: Alishahi Afra , Chrupała Grzegorz , Linzen Tal 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP) 2018 workshop BlackboxNLP was dedicated to resources and techniques specifically developed for analyzing and understanding the inner-workings and representations acquired by neural models of language. Approaches included: systematic manipulation of input to neural networks and investigating the impact on their performance, testing whether interpretable knowledge can be decoded from intermediate representations acquired by neural networks, proposing modifications to neural network architectures to make their knowledge state or generated output more explainable, and examining the performance of networks on simplified or formal languages. Here we review a number of representative studies in each category.
The unified protocol for anxiety and depression with comorbid borderline personality disorder: a single case design clinical series
Authors: Lopez Michelle E. , Thorp Steven R. , Dekker Matthew , Noorollah Andrew , Zerbi Giovanna , Payne Laura A. , Meier Emily , Stoddard Jill A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study used a single case experimental design to investigate the use of the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders (UP) among a sample of individuals with depression and anxiety who also presented with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Eight women received individual treatment with the UP over the course of 14–16 treatment sessions, and were assessed for anxiety and depression severity on a weekly basis over a 2–6 week baseline period and throughout treatment. Three of the eight participants demonstrated reliable pre- to post-treatment clinical improvements on depression and stress scales, and one participant demonstrated a reliable reduction on an anxiety scale. Two participants demonstrated a reliable improvement in overall anxiety. The results indicate that the UP applied to individuals diagnosed with primary BPD may lead to clinical improvement in depression, stress and anxiety for some individuals. However, the majority of individuals with BPD in our sample did not show strong improvement, and this suggests the need for additional sessions of UP or an intervention that focuses on the symptoms of BPD specifically for some women.Key learning aims
(1)To describe the applicability of the Unified Protocol in the treatment of individuals with borderline personality and co-occurring anxiety or depression.(2)To understand the value of utilizing a transdiagnostic approach as an alternative to diagnosis-specific approaches to treatment.(3)To identify the four core modules of the Unified Protocol and describe the general format for individual treatment.
Pattern and frequency reconfigurable antenna with diode loaded ELC resonator
Authors: Singh Ghanshyam , Kanaujia Binod K. , Pandey Vijay K. , Gangwar Deepak , Kumar Sachin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this work, a new compact, low profile, frequency, and end-fire pattern reconfigurable antenna is presented. The proposed antenna consists of four parasitic elements and an electric-inductive-capacitive (ELC) resonator enclosed with a closed ring resonator (CRR). The reconfigurability in the proposed antenna is achieved with the help of five PIN diodes (D1–D5) embedded on the top surface of the substrate. The diode (D1) is implanted between ELC and CRR resonators for frequency reconfigurability. The other four diodes (D2–D5) are implanted between the ground plane and four parasitic elements to control the electrical length of the ground plane to achieve pattern diversity. The ground plane and parasitic elements steer the primary omni-directional beam to bi-directional and uni-directional end-fire radiation at multiple frequencies. The proposed antenna exhibits multiband operation and end-fire pattern diversity depending upon the different states of PIN diodes. The overall size of the proposed antenna is 0.20λ0× 0.17λ0× 0.009λ0, where λ0 is calculated at the lowest resonance frequency. The impedance bandwidth of the antenna ranges from 1.45 to 26.22%, while peak gain varies from 0.86 to 3.86 dBi depending upon the state of operation. The measured results are in agreement with the simulated results, which confirm the frequency and pattern diversity performance of the antenna. The proposed antenna can be used in back-to-back repeater systems.
Effects of Anisotropy and Saturation on Geomechanical Behavior of Mudstone
Authors: DeReuil A. A. , Birgenheier L. P. , McLennan J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe abundance of mudstone in Earth's crust and its academic and industry applications has led to advancements in the understanding of mudstone deposition and preservation. However, there are few quantitative geomechanical studies on mudstone. To test correlations between anisotropy, fluid saturation levels, and deformability and strength parameters in mudstone, a suite of indirect tensile and unconfined and triaxial compression tests was completed on samples from the Mancos Shale and the Agrio Formation. Discs or plugs were tested with axial loading parallel or perpendicular to bedding, at various confining pressures, and at saturation levels from 0 to 17%. Tensile strength, compressive strength, Young's Modulus, Secant Modulus, stress drop, and energy released exhibit mechanical anisotropy and decrease due to saturation. Tensile strength anisotropy revealed the weakness of heterolithic bedding in mudstone, as tensile fractures commonly propagated along bedding interfaces. Saturation increased mechanical anisotropy for tensile and compressive strength. A compressive strength reduction of 39% to 75% was observed between dry and partially saturated plugs. Lithofacies were used to classify lithologic variations in different types of mudstone. When partially saturated, sandstone‐bearing facies revealed a greater reduction in strength and moduli than clay‐rich mudstone facies. Empirical relationships between partially saturated and dry sample strength and moduli are proposed, to allow for estimation of deformation and failure behavior under in‐situ conditions. The effects that saturation, orientation, and lithofacies have on mechanical behavior are of interest in numerous engineering and academic applications, including fault behavior, induced fracturing of hydrocarbon and geothermal reservoirs, and nuclear waste disposal.