bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review of built and natural environment stressors impacting American-Indian/Alaska-Native children
Authors: Barros Nirmalla , Tulve Nicolle S. , Heggem Daniel T. , Bailey Ken 
Published: September 2018

AbstractChildren’s exposures to chemical and non-chemical stressors from their everyday environment affects their overall health and well-being. American-Indian/Alaska-Native (AI/AN) children may have a disproportionate burden of stressors from their built and natural environments when compared to children from other races/ethnicities. Our objectives were to identify chemical and non-chemical stressors from AI/AN children’s built and natural environments and evaluate their linkages with health and well-being outcomes from the peer reviewed literature. Library databases (e.g. PubMed) were searched to identify studies focused on these stressors. References were excluded if they: did not discuss AI/AN children or they were not the primary cohort; discussed tribes outside the United States (U.S.); were reviews or intervention studies; or did not discuss stressors from the built/natural environments. Out of 2539 references, 35 remained. Sample populations were predominantly (70%) in New York (NY) and Alaska (AK); 14 studies reported on the same cohort. Studies with matching stressors and outcomes were few, ruling out a quantitative review. Respiratory and developmental outcomes were the main outcomes evaluated. Primary non-chemical stressors were residential proximity to polluted landscapes, lack of indoor plumbing, and indoor use of wood for heating or cooking. The main chemical stressors were volatile organic compounds (VOCs), particulate matter (PM2.5), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs),p,p′-DDE, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), lead, and mercury. Our qualitative review was suggestive of a potential increase in respiratory illness from indoor wood use or no plumbing, which can be used as a guide to promote healthy environments for AI/AN children. We identified limited studies (<40), demonstrating this population as understudied. Future studies need to consider: sample populations from other tribes in the U.S., stressors outside the household, other elements of the natural environment, and an evaluation of stressors from AI/AN children’s total environment (built, natural, and social).
Analysis Populations in Anti-Infective Clinical Trials: Whom to Analyze?
Authors: Evans Scott , Rubin Daniel B. , Powers John H. , Follmann Dean 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Investigators can choose to analyze different patient populations in clinical trials. The different analysis populations answer different types of research questions, estimate different quantities, and evaluate the robustness of the trial results. Various analysis populations have different strengths and weaknesses depending on the type of question being addressed and the potential for bias from the selection of various groups of trial participants. We discuss analysis populations in the context of anti-infective clinical trials.
Vibration-damping characterization of the basalt/epoxy composite laminates containing graphene nanopellets
Authors: Bulut Mehmet , Erkliğ Ahmet , Kanmaz Peyami 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The present study investigates the influence of graphene nanopellets (GnPs) on the damping and vibration characteristics of fiber-reinforced basalt/epoxy composites for different weight contents of GnPs particles (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 wt%). The variation of dynamic properties in terms of loss and storage modulus was explored by using the experimental modal analysis. The damping properties were determined by using logarithmic decrement method from the acceleration-time envelope curves. Results showed that the incorporation of GnPs at weight contents of 0.1% and 0.2% significantly affected the damping and vibration characteristics of the samples as a result of the interfacial strength between the GnPs particles-fiber-matrix interactions. The natural frequencies increased by 20.7% and 25% at GnPs contents of 0.1 and 0.2 wt%, whereas the damping ratios increased by 28.5% and 57.1%, respectively.
Perspektiventriangulation von Vermittler/-innen und Migrant/-innen im Jobcenter
Authors: Rasche Sarah 
Published: September 2018

Zusammenfassung
Beziehende von Leistungen nach SGB II sind gezwungen, sich regelmäßig mit der Behörde Jobcenter und den dort an sie gestellten Anforderungen im Rahmen der sogenannten Aktivierung auseinanderzusetzen. Dieses Aufeinandertreffen von Vermittlungsfachkräften und deren Klient/-innen ist mit unterschiedlichen Erwartungen besetzt und stellt für beide Seiten nicht selten eine konfliktreiche Situation dar. In bisherigen Untersuchungen solcher Beratungs- und Vermittlungsprozesse standen Migrant/-innen als Klient/-innen eher selten im Fokus und auch die Rolle von Ethnizität ist im Vergleich zur Klassenzugehörigkeit noch offen. Der Artikel greift diese Frage auf und bespricht daran beispielhaft den Einsatz eines triangulären Designs, das unterschiedliche Perspektiven und Interviewmethoden kombiniert. Die Analyse gibt deutliche Hinweise darauf, dass Ethnizität und damit verbundene Zuschreibungen durchaus eine wichtige Kategorie darstellt, die in der Untersuchung von Ungleichheiten Berücksichtigung finden muss.
Subjektive und Materielle Erfahrungswelten im Kontext Migration und Hartz IV
Authors: Hans Benjamin 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Triangulation unterschiedlicher Methoden bietet die Möglichkeit, Erfahrungswelten in ihrer Vielschichtigkeit zu untersuchen und verschiedene feldinterne und theoretische Perspektiven in die Forschung einzubeziehen. Die Frage, welche Methoden sinnvoll eingesetzt werden muss sich dabei jeweils an der Forschungsfrage und retrospektiv an den Forschungsergebnissen beantworten lassen. In diesem Artikel wird die Triangulation episodischer Interviews und Sozialraumbegehungen in der Erforschung von Erfahrungswelten im Kontext von Migration und Hartz IV behandelt, die jeweiligen Vor- und Nachteile der Methoden dargestellt, zentrale Ergebnisse anhand eines Beispielfalls aufgezeigt und daraufhin das Potenzial der Kombination beider Ansätze diskutiert.
Das Gedicht an der Wand
Authors: Loer Thomas 
Published: September 2018

Zusammenfassung
Um ein Gedicht von Eugen Gomringer, das an einer Außenwand der Alice-Salomon-Hochschule in Berlin angebracht worden war, gab es eine umfangreiche öffentliche Debatte. Dabei wurde lediglich der Inhalt des Gedichts berücksichtigt: als diskriminierend, da in ihm Frauen als Gegenüber der Bewunderung erwähnt werden. Und die Verteidiger der Anbringung an der Wand sahen lediglich darin, dass das Gedicht so, d. h. aus Gründen der political correctness abgelehnt wurde, abstrakt einen unzulässigen Eingriff in die Freiheit der Kunst im allgemeinen. Das Gedicht qua Gedicht spielte keine Rolle. Ob und ggf. warum das Gedicht zu Recht als „eines der bedeutenden Gedichte der modernen Lyrik“ gilt und was eigentlich die pragmatische Rahmung der Präsentation für ein Gedicht bedeutet, blieb ungefragt. Zur Beantwortung dieser nicht unerheblichen Fragen wird in dem vorliegenden Beitrag zunächst das Gedicht selbst analysiert und dann die pragmatische (Um-) Rahmung untersucht. Beide Analysen verfahren nach der Methode die Objektive Hermeneutik. Dabei zeigt sich, dass es sich bei dem Gedicht um ein autonomes Kunstwerk handelt, das dem Leser Welt eröffnet. In der Präsentation aber wie in der Debatte darum wird es auf eine seinen Werkcharakter missachtende und es so ruinierende Weise instrumentalisiert. Dazu trägt auch bei, dass das im Gedicht thematische Geschlechterverhältnis über den Gender-Leisten der Geschlechterdiskriminierung geschlagen wird, wodurch die Dimensionen der Geschlechterspannung, die in dem Gedicht nicht nur zum Ausdruck gebracht, sondern zugleich in einer sinnlichen Gestalt als konkrete Reziprozität erfahrbar gemacht werden, auf eine: die der Ungleichheit, reduziert werden. Diese Reduktion wird durch das Gedicht, aber durch seine plakative Präsentation nahegelegt; diese macht, was die Debatte dann aufnimmt, aus dem Gedicht – so oder so – ein Menetekel und setzt es herab zum geistlosen Götzen der leerlaufenden Aufmerksamkeit.
Digitale Medienkompetenz – eine Schlüsselkompetenz in der Lehrkräfteausbildung. Aktuelle Perspektiven von Lehrkräften im Bereich schulisch verantworteter religiöser Bildung
Authors: Palkowitsch-Kühl Jens 
Published: September 2018

Zusammenfassung
Akteurinnen und Akteure in der schulischen religiösen Bildungsarbeit sehen sich den Herausforderungen digitaler Transformationsprozesse in der Gesellschaft gegenüberstehen. Mit diesen teils veränderten Methoden und Inhalten in Lehr- und Lernszenarien umzugehen, bedarf einer Kompetenzerweiterung um „digitale Dimensionen“. Die explorative quantitative Befragung aktiver Lehrkräfte zeigt, dass diesen die Wichtigkeit des Themas „digitale Medienbildung“ bewusst ist, die Mehrheit ihre Fertigkeiten in digitalen Techniken als sicher einschätzt, in der Praxis es jedoch verstärkt zu fachdidaktischen Herausforderungen kommt. Es besteht der Wunsch, Ausbildungsprogramme entsprechend zu aktualisieren.
Bearing Capacity of Circular Foundation on Sand Layer of Limited Thickness Underlain by Rigid Rough Base Subjected to Eccentrically Inclined Load
Authors: Sethy B. P. , Patra C. R. , Das B. M. , Sobhan K. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Laboratory model test results for the ultimate bearing capacity of a shallow rough circular surface foundation over a sand layer of limited thickness underlain by a rigid rough base subjected to an eccentrically inclined load have been presented. The sand layer for tests was prepared at a relative density (Dr) of 69 % using five different thicknesses, H. Tests were conducted at H/B values of 0.3, 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 (B = diameter of foundation). The load eccentricity ratio e/B varied from 0 to 0.15, and the load inclination with the vertical (α) was changed from 0° to 20° in 5° increment. Based on the model test result, a reduction factor has been proposed that can be used to estimate the ultimate eccentrically inclined load per unit area of the foundation supported by a sand layer of limited thickness, from the ultimate bearing capacity of a foundation on a sand layer extending to a great depth under an eccentrically inclined load.
Early Appearance and Spread of Fast Ripples in the Hippocampus in a Model of Cortical Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Ortiz Franco , Zapfe W.P. Karel , Draguhn Andreas , Gutiérrez Rafael 
Published: September 2018

Fast ripples (FRs; activity of >250 Hz) have been considered as a biomarker of epileptic activity in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex; it is thought that they signal the focus of seizure generation. Similar high-frequency network activity has been producedin vitroby changing extracellular medium composition, by using pro-epileptic substances, or by electrical stimulation. Here we study the propagation of these events between different subregions of the male rat hippocampus in a recently introduced experimental model of FRs in entorhinal cortex–hippocampal slicesin vitro. By using a matrix of 4096 microelectrodes, the sites of initiation, propagation pathways, and spatiotemporal characteristics of activity patterns could be studied with unprecedented high resolution. To this end, we developed an analytic tool based on bidimensional current source density estimation, which delimits sinks and sources with a high precision and evaluates their trajectories using the concept of center of mass. With this methodology, we found that FRs can arise almost simultaneously at noncontiguous sites in the CA3-to-CA1 direction, underlying the spatial heterogeneity of epileptogenic foci, while continuous somatodendritic waves of activity develop. An unexpected, yet important propagation route is the propagation of activity from CA3 into the hilus and dentate gyrus. This pathway may cause reverberating activation of both regions, supporting sustained pathological network events and altered information processing in hippocampal networks.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTFast ripples (FRs) have been considered as a biomarker of epileptic activity and may signal the focus of seizure generation. In a model of traumatic brain injury in the rat, FRs appear in the hippocampus within a couple of hours after an extrahippocampal, cortical lesion. We analyzed the origin and dynamics of the FRs in the hippocampus using massive electrophysiological recordings, allowing an unprecedented high spatiotemporal resolution. We show that FRs originate in distinct and noncontiguous locations within the CA3 region and uncover, with high precision, the extent and dynamics of their current density. This activity propagates toward CA1 but also backpropagates to the hilus and the dentate gyrus, suggesting activation of defined microcircuits that can sustain recurrent excitation.
Looking Back to the Future of Education
Authors: Aldama Frederick Luis 
Published: September 2018

Everywhere I turn, there seems to be a new bandwagon waiting with bold claims on how it will save the humanities. I'm curious. I'm excited. I'm also weary.The MOOC (massive open online course) explosion happened, and I participated with glee. It let no revolution in its wake. I love the deeply interdisciplinary and interactive shape of life for students at Design Tech High School in Silicon Valley but fear there's a dark side to Oracle's bankrolling it with upward of $43 million. And, in the bloating of middle management and infusion of cash into e.learning units on campuses across the country, we might be seeing “management theorists” lurking in sheep's clothes out to create a workforceready. only population. I worry for the twenty-two million students served in college—and especially all the rest not being served.
Seslenme Sözleri ve Genel Türkçe Sözlüklerdeki Görünümü
Authors: DOĞRU Fatih 
Published: September 2018

Biri ya da birilerine yönelik olarak söz söylenirken o kimselerin kimi
özelliklerine bağlı olarak bazı sözlerle seslenilir. Bu sözler; sözün
yöneltildiği kişinin kendi adı, soyadı, lakabı veya zamirler olabileceği gibi
bunun yanında çoğu zaman o kişinin adının yerine geçen; konuşucunun çeşitli duygularını
yansıtma özelliği bulunan ve sözün yöneltildiği kişinin bir takım ayırıcı
özelliklerini yansıtacak şekilde sözlüksel anlam taşıyan sözlerdir. Bir dilin
en sık kullanılan ögelerinden biri olan seslenme sözlerinin sözlüklerde ne
şekilde tanımlandığı da kuşkusuz sözlük kullanıcıları için son derece önemli
bir husustur. Bu bildiride hangi sözlerin seslenme sözü olarak
değerlendirilmesi gerektiği konusuna açıklık getirilmeye çalışılacak; hangi
yollarla oluşturuldukları tespit edilecek; kavramsal yönden hangi alt
başlıklara ayrılabilecekleri ile ilgili öneriler getirilecek ve genel Türkçe
sözlüklerdeki durum ortaya konmaya çalışılacaktır.&nbsp;
DIAGNOSIS KLINIS DINI PENYAKIT DENGUE PADA PASIEN DEWASA
Authors: Cucunawangsih Cucunawangsih 
Published: September 2018

<p>Menyebarnya penyakit dengue di dunia, khususnya Indonesia adalah sebagai akibat dari pengaruh meningkatnya proporsi kasus dewasa. Infeksi virus dengue seringkali memberikan gejala klinis non-spesifik dan singkatnya waktu infeksi, karena itu uji diagnostik laboratorium cepat, dan identifikasi penanda dengue yang dapat segera dilakukan dan mudah diperoleh tetap menjadi prioritas. Deteksi dini pada pasien infeksi virus dengue secara substansial ditujukan untuk mengkonfirmasi dan mengendalikan manajemen klinis. WHO (Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia) dan beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa deteksi antidengue NS-1 dengan/atau tanpa IgM sebagai faktor indicator untuk menyingkirkan infeksi virus lainnya. Risiko kejadian penyakit dengue yang parah dan dirawat di rumah sakit sering tidak nampak pada pasien dewasa yang lebih tua, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kelompok pasien ini harus mendapatkan manfaat dari deteksi dini. Pada pasien dewasa yang mempunyai gejala demam dan leukopenia harus dilakukan pemeriksaan terhadap virus dengue. Namun demikian, gejala klinis demam, trombositopenia, leukopenia, dan monositosis lebih konsisten ditemukan pada pasien terinfeksi virus dengue daripada kasus negatif. </p>
Clinical Characteristic of Young Indonesian Colorectal Cancer Patients: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Lugito Nata Pratama 
Published: September 2018

<p>Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is generally a disease of persons aged above 40 year-old. Controversies still exist regarding clinical characteristics of CRC in young persons. The aim of this study is to know the clinical characteristics of young CRC patients in Siloam General Hospital, Karawaci, Banten.</p><p>Material And Methods: A total of 14 patients with diagnosis of CRC from December 2013 to January 2014 in Siloam General Hospital, Karawaci, Banten were studied cross – sectionally. The symptoms and signs, family history of cancer, diabetes, location of mass were collected and evaluated.</p><p>Results: There were 5 (35.7%) cases of CRC patients aged below 40 year-old (young patients) and 9 (64.3%) above 40 years-old (old patients). The most common symptom was constipation followed by bloody diarrhea i.e. 57.1% and 42.9% consecutively. Constipation occurred in 2 and 6 young and old patients consecutively and in 3 and 3 young and old patients consecutively. In young patients, 2 (14.2%) had a history of cancer in the family compared to none in the old patients. According to the location of tumor in the colon 4 (28.5%) were in ascending colon with 2 and 2 in young and old patients consecutively, 3 (21.7%) were in descending colon with 2 and 1 in young and old patients consecutively, 8 (57.1%) were in rectum with 2 and 6 in young and old patients consecutively. One young patient had diabetes, and one other young patient had positive <em>Clostridium difficile</em> antigen and toxin.</p><p>Conclusion: Approximately 35.7% cases CRC patient in our hospital was of young patients. Two patients were having family history of cancer. The location of mass was not specific for young CRC patients.</p><strong><em>Key words: colorectal cancer, young patients</em></strong>
Nitrous Oxide Emissions in Turfgrass Systems: A Review
Authors: Braun Ross C. , Bremer Dale J. 
Published: September 2018

Core IdeasTurfgrass soils have the potential to emit nitrous oxide at similar rates as agricultural soils.Few turfgrass studies have intensively measured fluxes long enough to calculate accurate annual emissions.Investigation of controlled‐release fertilizers combined with improved irrigation techniques could potentially reduce emissions.Further research is required to develop comprehensive management practices that reduce nitrous oxide emissions in turfgrass.Model simulations should be tested and compared side‐by‐side in turfgrass systems to predict long‐term impacts of management practices.Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a natural and anthropogenic by‐product associated with global climate change and potentially the most ozone‐depleting gas. Turfgrass covers large areas of land in the United States, and some is fertilized with N and irrigated with the potential to emit N2O at similar rates (i.e., average of 2.7 kg N2O–N ha−1yr−1) as agricultural soils. Our objective was to review scientific literature on N2O emissions in turfgrass and identify knowledge gaps and future research needs. Few turfgrass studies exist in which fluxes were intensively measured for long enough to calculate accurate annual emissions, which have ranged from 1.01 to 7.6 kg N2O–N ha−1yr−1in various turf species receiving N fertilizer, and from 0.5 to 2.24 kg N2O–N ha−1yr−1in unfertilized turf species. Research indicates reduced irrigation and controlled‐release forms of N may slow nitrification and denitrification processes, and thus, reduce N2O emissions in turfgrass. Future research should be directed toward long‐term investigations of controlled‐release fertilizers (e.g., investigating N application amounts, seasonal application timings, and differences between warm‐ and cool‐season turfgrass species) combined with irrigation techniques (e.g., irrigation quantity, frequency, and application timing surrounding fertilization events) to minimize N2O emissions, maximize plant nutrient uptake, and determine more efficient application methods that reduce emissions and water use in warm‐ and cool‐season turfgrass species. The use of model simulations (i.e., DAYCENT and DNDC) should be further developed for turfgrass systems to predict long‐term impacts of different management practices on C and N cycling in turfgrass.
Can Incorporating Brassica Tissues into Soil Reduce Nitrification Rates and Nitrous Oxide Emissions?
Authors: Balvert S. F. , Luo J. , Schipper L. A. 
Published: September 2018

New Zealand agriculture is composed predominantly of pastoral grazing systems; however, forage crops have been increasingly used to supplement the diet of grazing animals. Excreta from grazing animals has been identified as a main contributor of N2O emissions. Some forage crops, such as brassicas (Brassica spp.), contain secondary metabolites that have been identified to inhibit soil N cycling processes, and nitrification in particular. Our objective was to determine if secondary metabolites released from brassica tissues inhibited nitrification and reduced N2O emissions when incorporated into soil, which was amended with a large amount of urea N (such as derived from urine patches deposited during grazing). Three brassica tissues (kale [Brassica oleracea L.], turnip [Brassica rapa L.] bulb, and turnip leaf and stem) and ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) tissue were incorporated into soil with and without urea solution, and N2O, NO3−, and NH4+ were measured during a 52‐d incubation. All brassica tissues reduced urea‐derived N2O emissions relative to ryegrass tissues when incorporated into soil. According to the mineral N and microbial community data, this reduction, however, could not be attributed to inhibition of nitrification. Although there was less N2O from urea in the brassica treatments, total N2O emissions increased after incorporation of all tissue residues into soil, so this tradeoff must be explored if brassica tissues are to be considered as a tool for N2O reduction.Core Ideas
Brassicas have been postulated to inhibit nitrification and N2O emissions.
Incorporating brassica tissues into soil reduced N2O emissions from added urea.
There was no evidence that tissue incorporation inhibited nitrification.
However, addition of ryegrass and brassica tissues increased total N2O emissions.
N2O emission tradeoffs between tissue inputs and inhibition need to be explored.