bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological characterization of submarine slope failures in a semi-enclosed fjord, Frobisher Bay, eastern Canadian Arctic
Authors: Deering Robert , Bell Trevor , Forbes Donald L. , Campbell Calvin , Edinger Evan 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Submarine slope failures in the nearshore waters of SE Baffin Island, eastern Canadian Arctic, present a challenge to coastal and seabed development. Submarine slope failures are a known geohazard in fjords in Norway, Chile, Alaska, British Columbia and elsewhere, but have received little attention in the coastal waters of Arctic Canada. Over the past 6 years, there has been a rapid expansion of multibeam echosounder (MBES) mapping in Canadian Arctic fjords, leading to the discovery of many submarine slope failures. One area that has been mapped in detail is inner Frobisher Bay. This macrotidal, seasonally ice-covered, semi-enclosed embayment has a glacially scoured bed, ice-contact deposits, including recessional moraines, and stratified glaciomarine and post-glacial silts and clays with abundant dropstones. The prevalence of submarine slope failures in the inner bay (one per 20 km
2
) appears to be anomalous. To date, MBES mapping has imaged at least 246 failures, ranging in size from 0.007 to 2.1 km
2
and all within the glaciomarine and post-glacial succession. Morphometric analysis of these features based on high-resolution MBES bathymetry provides an insight into their spatial distribution, relative chronology, triggers and flow characteristics; factors essential to understanding the mechanisms underlying their abundance in this Canadian Arctic fjord.
JCAD
, a Gene at the 10p11 Coronary Artery Disease Locus, Regulates Hippo Signaling in Endothelial Cells
Authors: Jones Peter D. , Kaiser Michael A. , Ghaderi Najafabadi Maryam , Koplev Simon , Zhao Yuqi , Douglas Gillian , Kyriakou Theodosios , Andrews Sarah , Rajmohan Rathinasabapathy , Watkins Hugh , Channon Keith M. , Ye Shu , Yang Xia , Björkegren Johan L.M. , Samani Nilesh J. , Webb Tom R. 
Published: May 2018

Objective—

A large number of genetic loci have been associated with risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) through genome-wide association studies, however, for most loci the underlying biological mechanism is unknown. Determining the molecular pathways and cellular processes affected by these loci will provide new insights into CAD pathophysiology and may lead to new therapies. The CAD-associated variants at 10p11.23 fall in
JCAD
, which encodes an endothelial junction protein, however, its molecular function in endothelial cells is not known. In this study, we characterize the molecular role of JCAD (junctional cadherin 5 associated) in endothelial cells.

Approach and Results—

We show that
JCAD
knockdown in endothelial cells affects key phenotypes related to atherosclerosis including proliferation, migration, apoptosis, tube formation, and monocyte binding. We demonstrate that JCAD interacts with LATS2 (large tumor suppressor kinase 2) and negatively regulates Hippo signaling leading to increased activity of YAP (yes-associated protein), the transcriptional effector of the pathway. We also show by double siRNA knockdown that the phenotypes caused by
JCAD
knockdown require LATS2 and that JCAD is involved in transmission of RhoA-mediated signals into the Hippo pathway. In human tissues, we find that the CAD-associated lead variant, rs2487928, is associated with expression of
JCAD
in arteries, including atherosclerotic arteries. Gene co-expression analyses across disease-relevant tissues corroborate our phenotypic findings and support the link between JCAD and Hippo signaling.

Conclusions—
Our results show that JCAD negatively regulates Hippo signaling in endothelial cells and we suggest that JCAD contributes to atherosclerosis by mediating YAP activity and contributing to endothelial dysfunction.
Fast screening of N-glycosylation disorders by sialotransferrin profiling with capillary zone electrophoresis
Authors: Kingma HA , van der Sluijs FH , Heiner-Fokkema MR 
Published: May 2018

Background Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a growing group of rare genetic disorders. The most frequently used screening method is sialotransferrin profiling using isoelectric focusing (IEF). Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) may be a simple and fast alternative. We investigated the Capillarys™ CDT assay (Sebia, France) to screen for N-glycosylation disorders, using IEF as gold standard. Methods Intra- and inter-assay precision were established, and analyses in heparin-anticoagulated plasma and serum were compared. Accuracy was assessed by comparing IEF and CZE profiles of 153 samples, including 49 normal, 53 CDG type I, 2 CDG type II, 1 combined CDG type I and type II and 48 samples with a Tf-polymorphism. Neuraminidase-treated plasma was analysed to discriminate CDG and Tf-polymorphisms using samples of 52 subjects (25 had a confirmed Tf-polymorphism). Age-dependent reference values were established using profiles of 312 samples. Results Heparin-plasma is as suitable as serum for CDG screening with the Capillarys™ CDT assay. The precision of the method is high, with a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.5%. All profiles, including CDG and Tf-polymorphisms, were correctly identified with CZE. Forty-nine of 52 neuraminidase-treated samples correctly identified the presence/absence of a Tf-polymorphism. Interferences in 3/52 samples hampered interpretation. Sialo-Tf profiles were dependent of age, in particular in the first three months of age. Conclusions CZE analysis with the Capillarys™ CDT kit (Sebia) is a fast and reliable method for screening of N-glycosylation defects. Tf-polymorphisms could be excluded after overnight incubation with neuraminidase.
A novel high-throughput assay for the measurement of salivary progesterone by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Schiffer Lina , Adaway Joanne E , Baranowski Elizabeth S , Arlt Wiebke , Keevil Brian G 
Published: May 2018

Background Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) enables specific and sensitive quantification of steroids with a high throughput. Saliva sampling is advantageous for multisample profiling over longer periods of time, as it is non-invasive, cheap, can be carried out at home and does not require the attendance of clinical personnel. We developed a rapid LC-MS/MS for the measurement of salivary progesterone, frequently assessed as ovulation marker in patients desiring fertility. Methods Samples (300 μL) were prepared by supported liquid extraction using dichloromethane and were reconstituted in 40% methanol. Chromatography was performed using a C8 column with a water/methanol gradient containing 0.1% formic acid and 2 mmol/L ammonium acetate. Quantification was performed with a Waters TQ-S mass spectrometer. Results Total run time was 5.5 min. The lower limit of quantification was 20 pmol/L (1.2 fmol on column). Inter- and intra-assay comparison showed coefficients of variation and bias between measured and nominal concentrations of less than 11%. Mean recovery was 91%. Interference with a large set of natural and synthetic steroids was excluded. The assay was successfully applied to measure progesterone variation during the menstrual cycle ( n = 9) and diurnal variations during luteal phase ( n = 7) in regularly cycling women. Discussion We present a novel LC-MS/MS assay for the determination of salivary progesterone with high-throughput potential. The applicability of the assay for progesterone profiling during the menstrual cycle is demonstrated.
Lung cancer screening with MRI: characterization of nodules with different non-enhanced MRI sequences
Authors: Meier-Schroers Michael , Homsi Rami , Schild Hans Heinz , Thomas Daniel 
Published: May 2018

Background There is increased interest in pulmonary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a radiation-free alternative to computed tomography (CT) for lung cancer screening. Purpose To analyze MRI characteristics of pulmonary nodules with different non-enhanced sequences. Material and Methods Eighty-two participants of a lung cancer screening were included. MRI datasets of 32 individuals with 46 different nodules ≥ 6 mm were prospectively evaluated together with 50 controls by two readers. Acquired sequences were T2- short tau inversion recovery (STIR), T2, balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP), 3D-T1, and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). Each sequence was randomly and separately viewed blinded to low-dose CT (LDCT). Size, shape, and contrast of nodules were evaluated on each sequence and then correlated with LDCT and histopathology. Results All eight carcinomas were detected by T2-STIR, T2, and bSSFP, and 7/8 by 3D-T1. Contrast was significantly higher for malignant nodules on all sequences. The highest contrast ratio between malignant and benign nodules was provided by T2-STIR. Of eight carcinomas, seven showed restricted diffusion. Size measurement correlated significantly between MRI and LDCT. Sensitivity/specificity for nodules ≥ 6 mm was 85–89%/92–94% for T2-STIR, 80–87%/93–96% for T2, 65–70%/96–98% for bSSFP, and 63–67%/96–100% for 3D-T1. Seven of eight subsolid nodules were visible on T2-sequences with significantly lower lesion contrast compared to solid nodules. Two of eight subsolid nodules were detected by bSFFP, none by 3D-T1. All three calcified nodules were detected by 3D-T1, one by bSSFP, and none by T2-sequences. Conclusion Malignant as well as calcified and subsolid nodules seem to have distinctive characteristics on different MRI sequences. T2-imaging was most suitable for the detection of nodules ≥ 6 mm.
Polish Intelligentsia Totems in Elites’ Struggles for Legitimization: The Case of Jerzy Giedroyc and Poland’s Eastern Policy
Authors: Turkowski Andrzej 
Published: May 2018

Jerzy Giedroyc—the founder and editor of the journal Kultura—has played an important symbolic role in Polish public debates, especially as an architect of post-communist Poland’s policy toward its Eastern neighbors. At the same time, scholars and experts differ substantially in their assessments as to both the shape and influence of “Giedroyc’s line.” This article argues that in order to solve this puzzle, Giedroyc should be seen as an “intelligentsia totem”—an instrument for the reproduction of Polish intelligentsia hegemony, and a source of legitimization for which various factions within the elite compete. Taking into account this distinctive role allows for a new assessment of the influence of Giedroyc’s line on Poland’s eastern policy. By integrating the totemic interpretation with an analysis of the changing shape of the Polish field of power and changing interpretations of what Giedroyc’s line entailed, I argue that only some postulates of Giedroyc were implemented after 1989. Despite this, because of Giedroyc’s legitimizing function as Kultura’s editor, his role as an “architect” of the eastern policy was seldom questioned. Only when the reconfiguration of the Polish field of power brought an end to consensus in the foreign policy realm did new diverging interpretations of Giedroyc’s line emerge, legitimizing competing visions for Polish foreign policy. This article delivers a more nuanced view of the role Giedroyc played in post-communist Poland, thus explaining his criticism toward its foreign policy. It also sheds light on the legitimization mechanisms at work within the Polish elite.
User acceptance of an app-based adherence intervention: Perspectives from patients taking oral anticancer medications
Authors: Ali Eskinder Eshetu , Chan Sharlene Si Ling , Leow Jo Lene , Chew Lita , Yap Kevin Yi-Lwern 
Published: May 2018

Background Widespread adoption by patients is imperative for the success of app-based interventions for enhancing adherence to oral anticancer medications. Patients' attitudes and beliefs should be evaluated to understand determinants of their acceptance and adoption of such interventions. Objective To identify factors that influence cancer patients' intention to adopt an app-based system for enhancing oral anticancer medication adherence. Methods This study was conducted as part of the usability evaluation of an app-based system for enhancing adherence. We followed the grounded theory approach employing audio-recorded face-to-face interviews for data collection from patients taking oral anticancer medications (n = 15) and caregivers of such patients (n = 3). Data analysis involved verbatim transcription of all interviews, coding of the transcripts and field notes, detailed memo writing, and constant comparative evaluation of emergent categories. Results A conceptual framework of facilitating and hindering factors for users' adoption intention for an oral anticancer medication adherence app was developed. Findings suggest that facing difficulties in maintaining adherence and patients' perceived superiority of the app over their current methods facilitate adoption intention. In contrast, having to pay, lack of language options and users' perception of low competence in using an app were the hindrance factors. Conclusion This study showed that adoption of adherence apps could be explained by technology acceptance constructs, such as performance expectancy. Adoption intention was also facilitated by patients perceived vulnerabilities in maintaining adherence to their medications, which was a health behaviour construct. Implementation of app-based programs should address patients' perceived vulnerabilities and relative advantage of the app over their current methods. Clinicians and app developers should also consider the financial, technological and language barriers for end users.
Pilot testing on safety performance among healthcare professionals
Authors: Au Yong HN , Usmonov K , Ramendran SPR Charles , Yeoh GG , Surienty L 
Published: May 2018

Background The study focused on the perception of healthcare professionals on safety performance in the sector. Objective The aim of the study is to assess the safety performance among healthcare professionals. This study examines the factors affecting safety performance in Malaysia. The results are expected to provide insights into the provision of a safety management programme for high level of safety performance. Design The study uses a quantitative instrument to explore perceptions regarding the healthcare system and health service based on pilot tests conducted. Respondents: The pilot test respondents were from various departments of two Malaysian private hospitals in Penang and Perak. These medical professionals with representatives from Quality, Pharmacy, Nursing, Rehabilitation, Imaging, Nursing Education, Security, Pharmacy, Nursing, Facility, Dental, and Educational Nursing departments participated across two focus group discussions carried out between July and September 2017. Results The most important factors impacting the safety performance were perceived motivation, safety management & process improvement, and safety practices, representing the three dimensions within the safety climate. Conclusions This study shows opinion of professionals working in the healthcare sector. Safety performance level in the Malaysian healthcare could be improved by alleviating occupational safety and health programme of the healthcare sector in Malaysia.
Listeria monocytogenes infection enhances the interaction between rat non-classical MHC-Ib molecule and Ly49 receptors
Authors: Shegarfi Hamid , Kane Kevin P , Nestvold Janne 
Published: May 2018

Murine NK cell Ly49 receptors, functionally analogous to KIRs in humans recognize MHC class I molecules and play a key role in controlling NK cell function. We have previously shown that the paired activating Ly49s4 and inhibitory Ly49i4 receptors recognize undefined non-classical MHC-Ib ligands from the RT1-CE region in rats. Here, the RT1-CE16 gene of the RT1d haplotype was stably transfected into the mouse RAW macrophage cell line, termed RAW-CE16d cells. Combining RAW-CE16d cells with Ly49 expressing reporter cells demonstrated Ly49i4 and Ly49s4 specificity for CE16d. The Ly49s4/i4:CE16d interaction was confirmed by specific MHC-I blocking monoclonal Abs. Further, we used our in vitro model to study the effect of Listeria monocytogenes (LM) on CE16d after infection. LM infection and IFN-γ stimulation both led to enhanced CE16d expression on the surface of transfected RAW-CE16d cells. Interestingly, the reporter cells displayed increased response to LM-infected RAW-CE16d cells compared with IFN-γ-treated RAW-CE16d cells, suggesting a fundamental difference between these stimuli in supporting enhanced Ly49 recognition of CE16d. Collectively, our data show that Ly49s4 and Ly49i4 recognize the non-classical RT1-CE16d molecule, which in turn is up-regulated during LM infection and thereby may contribute to NK-mediated responses against infected cells.
Prevalence of Inadequate Immunity to Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Varicella in MLB and NBA Athletes
Authors: Conway Justin J. , Toresdahl Brett G. , Ling Daphne I. , Boniquit Nicole T. , Callahan Lisa R. , Kinderknecht James J. 
Published: May 2018

Background: Multiple outbreaks of vaccine-preventable viral diseases have occurred in professional sports in recent years. Currently, there is no established protocol for vaccination or immunity screening for professional athletes. Hypothesis: There are significant differences in the prevalence of inadequate immunity dependent on age, sport, country of birth, and participation in collegiate sports. Study Design: Cross-sectional cohort study. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Methods: A sample of Major League Baseball (MLB) and National Basketball Association (NBA) players were screened for serologic evidence of immunity to measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella prior to the 2015 and 2016 seasons. The results were designated as adequate (immune) or inadequate (equivocal or nonimmune) based on laboratory criteria. Comparison with an age-matched control group was performed using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Results: A total of 98 athletes (62 MLB, 36 NBA) were screened. The prevalence of inadequate immunity for any virus was 35.5% in MLB players and 33.3% in NBA players. There was a significantly greater risk of inadequate immunity to rubella (risk ratio, 6.38; P < 0.01) and varicella (risk ratio, 4.21; P < 0.01) in athletes compared with the age-matched NHANES population. Our analysis did not reveal differences in rates of immunity based on sport, country of birth (US born vs international), or participation in college athletics. There was a lower rate of inadequate immunity to varicella with increasing age (odds ratio, 0.72; P = 0.05). Conclusion: One-third of athletes studied had inadequate immunity to 1 of the 4 viruses tested. Younger players had a significantly greater risk of inadequate immunity to varicella. Birth outside the US and lack of participation in college athletics were not found to influence immunity rates. Clinical Relevance: These results can inform the development of future screening programs to prevent outbreaks of viral infections in professional athletes.
Multi-omic molecular profiling of lung cancer in COPD
Authors: Sandri Brian J. , Kaplan Adam , Hodgson Shane W. , Peterson Mark , Avdulov Svetlana , Higgins LeeAnn , Markowski Todd , Yang Ping , Limper Andrew H. , Griffin Timothy J. , Bitterman Peter , Lock Eric F. , Wendt Chris H. 
Published: May 2018

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a known risk factor for developing lung cancer but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We hypothesise that the COPD stroma contains molecular mechanisms supporting tumourigenesis.We conducted an unbiased multi-omic analysis to identify gene expression patterns that distinguish COPD stroma in patients with or without lung cancer. We obtained lung tissue from patients with COPD and lung cancer (tumour and adjacent non-malignant tissue) and those with COPD without lung cancer for profiling of proteomic and mRNA (both cytoplasmic and polyribosomal). We used the Joint and Individual Variation Explained (JIVE) method to integrate and analyse across the three datasets.JIVE identified eight latent patterns that robustly distinguished and separated the three groups of tissue samples (tumour, adjacent and control). Predictive variables that associated with the tumour, compared to adjacent stroma, were mainly represented in the transcriptomic data, whereas predictive variables associated with adjacent tissue, compared to controls, were represented at the translatomic level. Pathway analysis revealed extracellular matrix and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase–protein kinase B signalling pathways as important signals in the tumour adjacent stroma.The multi-omic approach distinguishes tumour adjacent stroma in lung cancer and reveals two stromal expression patterns associated with cancer.
Glibenclamide Prevents Hypoglycemia-Induced Fatal Cardiac Arrhythmias in Rats
Authors: Reno Candace M , Bayles Justin , Skinner Allie , Fisher Simon J 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Sulfonylureas increase the incidence of severe hypoglycemia in people with type 2 diabetes and might increase the risk of sudden cardiac death. Sulfonylureas stimulate insulin secretion by closing pancreatic ATP-sensitive potassium ion (KATP) channels. To investigate the role of KATP channel modulators on cardiac arrhythmias and mortality in the setting of severe hypoglycemia, adult Sprague-Dawley rats underwent hyperinsulinemic (0.2 U/kg/min) severe hypoglycemic (10 to 15 mg/dL) clamps with continuous electrocardiography. The rats were randomized for treatment with intravenous vehicle (VEH), the sulfonylurea glibenclamide (GLIB; KATP channel blocker; 5 mg/kg/h), or diazoxide (DIAZ; KATP channel opener; 5 mg/kg/h). The results demonstrated that GLIB completely prevented first-degree heart block compared with VEH (0.18 ± 0.09/min) and DIAZ (0.2 ± 0.05/min). Second-degree heart block was significantly reduced with GLIB (0.12 ± 0.1/min) compared with VEH (0.6 ± 0.2/min) and DIAZ (6.9 ± 3/min). The incidence of third-degree heart block was completely prevented by GLIB compared with VEH (67%) and DIAZ (87.5%). Hypoglycemia-induced mortality was completely prevented by GLIB compared with VEH (60%) and DIAZ (82%). In conclusion, although GLIB increases the risk of hypoglycemia by increasing insulin secretion, these results have demonstrated a paradoxical protective role of GLIB against severe hypoglycemia-induced fatal cardiac arrhythmias.
Revolution from 360 Feet Below: Form and Ideology in the Pyongyang Metro
Authors: Gabriel Douglas 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAmong the deepest subway systems in the world, the Pyongyang Metro is marked by an ostensible disjunction with the space of the North Korean capital above it. Rather than referencing street names or landmarks above ground, each of the seventeen stations on the metro is named after and designed according to a revolutionary theme, ranging from “victory” to “reunification.” Furthermore, the metro stations contain no maps of Pyongyang, and city maps do not indicate the locations of the metro stations. This essay draws on visual evidence and North Korean textual sources in order to demonstrate that the apparent bifurcation of the metro and the city space stems from the North Korean state’s chuch’e ideology, which holds that ideas, rather than material conditions, determine reality. I demonstrate how the architectural design and mosaic murals of the metro stations evidence an attempt to cast the space of the metro as a realm of revolutionary thought detached from the material world above ground. Beyond merely reflecting the ideology of the state, however, the artistic forms comprising the metro also give rise to aesthetic effects that are irreducible to the narrative content signaled by the themes of the stations, thereby complicating understandings of how so-called totalitarian art operates in relation to the ideological context in which it is produced.