bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studies on the retarded recrystallization of tungsten in CIMPLE-PSI exposed under very-high target temperature and long He+-fluence
Authors: Rahman Mizanur , Chetri Sabir , Teo S.H.B. , Thompson M. , Bilokur M. , Corr C. , Shekhar S. , Temmerman G.De. , Kakati Mayur 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Experiments are carried out in CIMPLE-PSI, to understand the recrystallization behavior of tungsten (W) exposed under very-high target temperature and ITER relevant long He+-fluence. The effect of helium bubbles on possible retardation of the recrystallization process is also studied. W samples were simultaneously exposed under He plasma and annealed by the plasma heat-load, in contrast to previously reported experiments in literature, which were carried out sequentially. Exposed samples are characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Vickers surface micro-hardness, nano-hardness and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD). It is observed that the sample exposed to plasma under the highest temperature (1866 K) suffered acute retarded grain growth. This also contained small, unrecovered grains on the exposed surface. FESEM imaging of the cross-sections confirms that relatively smaller helium bubbles still form even at very high temperature conditions, which can impede the grain growth locally, whenever they are forming right on the grain boundaries. This results in an inhomogeneous mixture of surface grains with sizes ranging from a few micrometers to a few tens of micrometers. EBSD estimates that the plasma exposed surface was only 34% recrystallized. The second sample exposed at a lower temperature (1699 K) but for three times higher fluence (ion fluence: 1.19 × 1027 m−2) was almost fully recrystallized, which shows retardation diminishes very fast with the duration of the exposure. Hardness measurements were undertaken to understand the variation with plasma exposure/annealing temperature and the extent of recrystallization, with three different probing length scales, spanning from a few hundred nanometers to several micrometers. Both helium plasma exposed W samples are observed to undergo retarded softening up to a depth of a few hundred nanometers from the surface, compared to when the metal may be recrystallized by simple heating, without any plasma exposure.
Modified Layer-based Ultrasound Imaging of Irregularly Cortical Bone
Authors: Li Yifang , Shi Qinzhen , Dai Fei , Zhang Yunyun , Xu Lexiu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Cortical bone, known for its multilayered composition with a diverse sound velocity distribution and anisotropy dependent on anatomical position, poses a challenge in conventional medical ultrasound imaging. The limitations arise due to the inability of uniform velocity to appropriately capture the intricate properties of hard tissues, leading to inaccurate reconstruction of the inner cortical layers. To tackle this complexity, a modified layer-based method utilizing a 5-layer model and estimated sound velocity was introduced for irregularly cortical bone imaging. Validated through an ex-vivo study using goat tibia, this method showcased remarkable effectiveness. The experimental outcomes revealed an ultrasound-reconstructed cortical image that closely matched the μCT-measured ground truth model, demonstrating mean cortical thickness errors of 0.31 mm. This method stands as a validated and precise approach for accurately imaging cortical bone using a 5-layer model.
Physics-Embedded Neural Networks for Enhanced Ultrasonic Brain Tomography
Authors: Ren Jiahao , Li Jian , Liu Yang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Ultrasound imaging, valued for its non-invasiveness and cost-effectiveness, faces challenges in brain imaging due to acoustic impedance differences. This study introduces PEN-UBT, a deep learning-based method, combining Convolutional Neural Network for Forward Propagation (CN-FP) and Subnetwork for Inversion (SNI). CN-FP simplifies wavefield calculations, while SNI facilitates mapping from wavefield to model. PEN-UBT achieves high-fidelity imaging of the skull and soft tissues, excelling in scenarios with varying thrombus velocities. It demonstrates exceptional tissue resolution in brain slices, reducing imaging time to 1.13 seconds. PEN-UBT’s success extends its applicability beyond brain imaging, contributing to the broader field of medical imaging technologies.
Enhancing Image Contrast in Breast USCT Reflection Imaging Using Coherence Factor Beamforming
Authors: Wang Zihao , Fan Shangchun , Ren Chujian , Wei Xiaorui , Zheng Dezhi , Wang Shuai , Xing Weiwei , Qu Xiaolei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer worldwide, and early screening is essential. Existing breast ultrasound is affordable and convenient, but its 2D image quality is poor, and it heavily relies on the doctor’s skills. The novel breast ultrasound computed tomography (USCT) can use a ring array probe to implement hundreds of single transducer emission for full-view focusing synthetic aperture reflection imaging, thereby obtaining high-resolution 3D images. However, single transducer emission results in low acoustic intensity, which further leads to low signal-to-noise ratio and low contrast of reflection images. To improve image contrast, this study incorporated beamforming with coherence factor (CF) into reflection imaging using ring transducers, promising to produce high-contrast USCT reflection images. For evaluation, we developed a USCT prototype with 2048 elements and conducted phantom experiments. We conducted phantom experiments. Results showed that the contrast achieved by the coherence factor method of the breast phantom image is improved from 24.54 dB to 63.18 dB, and the artifacts are significantly suppressed. It can be seen that the CF method could significantly improve the contrast of the breast USCT reflection image.
TC-ULM: Temporal Correlation-based Ultrasound Localization Microscopy by Deep Learning
Authors: Zhang Gaobo , Liu Xin , Li Boyi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Ultrasound Localization Microscopy (ULM) transcends the limitations of acoustic diffraction by pinpointing minuscule microbubbles (MBs), enabling detailed visualization of microvasculature at resolutions finer than the wavelength. Current approaches in ULM, inclusive of both conventional and deep learning techniques, predominantly analyze data from the ultrasound frame plane (x-y). This leaves the valuable information in the time dimension (t), especially between consecutive frames, largely untapped. This paper introduces a novel approach, Temporal Correlation ULM (TC-ULM), which harnesses temporal correlations within the y-t plane for enhanced ULM imaging. By extracting the variations of MBs over time through a sophisticated deep learning model, TC-ULM effectively reconstructs ULM images with superior quality. Empirical evidence from numerical simulations and in vivo experiments reveals that MBs exhibit a discernible pattern of continuity and local linkage across adjacent frames in the y-t plane. This key finding allows for a significant reduction in the number of frames needed for ULM, without compromising the spatial resolution. Thus, TC-ULM emerges as an innovative technique that not only retains image quality but also potentially expedites the ULM imaging process, marking a notable shift from traditional x-y plane processing methods.
Ultrasonic registration of myopic changes in the eye of Japanese quail chicks raised under the different spectrum of everyday illumination
Authors: Petronyuk Y S , Khramtsova E A , Trofimova N N , Sokolova V V , Andryuhina O M , Guryeva T S , Mednikova E I 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
High-resolution ultrasound techniques are employed in ophthalmology for detecting age-related changes in the eyeball’s structure, diagnosing tumours and vascular conditions. Meanwhile, acoustic microscopy methods are widely used in laboratory animal research. Our experiments utilised a short ultrasonic pulse (30-80 MHz) and B/Z-scan mode with dynamic focusing. This study utilised these parameters to measure various ocular dimensions, including the longitudinal and transverse size of the eyeball, the thickness of the lens, and the scleral-cornea, vitreous and chorioretinal complex. The sample comprised individuals of varying ages, an adult bird (65 days), and chicks across four age stages (10, 23, 36, 45 days), all studied in situ. The method enabled observation of age-related alterations in ocular structures throughout the ontogenesis of the animal, illuminated daily using an incandescent lamp alongside yellow and blue light filters. The outcomes illustrate that the measurement technique’s sensitivity detects an anterior-posterior axis (APA) escalation of quail eyes with an error range of ±15 microns. The method’s sensitivity adequately analysed the impact of the spectral composition of everyday lighting on deviations in eye development.
Numerical simulation to influence of fluid distribution on acoustic attenuation coefficient in gas water two-phase fractured media
Authors: Duan Xi , Liu Xiangjun , Liang Lixi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The equivalent fluid model simplifies the actual distribution state of fluid, and the relationship between rock elastic properties and pore fluid parameters established by the equivalent fluid model usually deviates greatly from the experimental results. A random discrete fracture model is established, and the gas-water two-phase distribution in fracture pores is described in detail. Based on the acoustic wave theory, the finite difference numerical simulation of the acoustic wave field of the rock sample model is carried out. The variation law of acoustic attenuation coefficient with saturation under the different pore fluid distribution modes is analyzed. It is of great significance to the prediction of rock pore structure and the identification of reservoir fluid.
Full-duplex two-way no-relay cross-media communication method based on acoustic wave conversion
Authors: Shang Zhigang , Miao Bailu , Qu Xinghao , Liu Songzuo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Due to the difference in acoustic impedance between water and air, the water interface becomes a natural barrier. Underwater sound waves will bounce when they propagate to the water surface. Electromagnetic waves and light waves in the air will rapidly attenuate after passing through the water surface and going underwater, making it difficult to complete air-water cross-media information transmission. In this article, we first analyze the theoretical characteristics and vibration model of the water surface after medium collision, and develop a new full-duplex communication method across the air-ocean medium, which does not rely on relay equipment and only uses three transmission media in the air. Propagate signals in the sea channel physical field to achieve two-way communication, using the mutual conversion between laser, acoustic, and radio frequency signals to fill the gap in cross-media communication technology that can simultaneously achieve two-way, full-duplex and non-relay. It has been verified through experimental installations carried out in laboratory water tanks and large comprehensive anechoic pools that it is able to achieve full-duplex communication links across the air-sea surface, indicating that the combination of laser acousticization and radio frequency-acoustic wave conversion can be used across medium full-duplex wireless communication provides a feasible method for communication that breaks through the water interface.
An Underwater Target Location Algorithm Combined with Schmidt Orthogonalization
Authors: Wang Jingyao , Sun Shilin , Li Zhe , Liu Zhen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In underwater target localization research, where challenges such as low signal-to-noise ratio and multiple interferences exist in conventional matched field processing, this paper presents a novel approach combining compressed sensing with Schmidt orthogonalization. Initially, an orthogonalization procedure is applied to the observation matrix, yielding a new matrix with reduced column coherence and maximal adherence to the Restricted Isometry Property (RIP) constraint. Subsequently, the Sparse Adaptive Matching Pursuit (SAMP) algorithm from compressed sensing is employed to reconstruct the signal, leading to precise underwater target localization. Simulation experiments substantiate that this combined approach outperforms the conventional matched field algorithm by yielding a higher signal-to-noise ratio for target acoustic source localization and markedly reducing the count of interference virtual sources. Consequently, the performance of localization for targets is substantially enhanced.
Optimization Analysis of Response Surface for Ultrasonic Welding of Battery Tabs
Authors: Yao Zhen , Ding Rongjie , Liu Kaijie 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The response surface methodology was used to optimize the ultrasonic welding process parameters of battery tabs. The three process parameters of welding pressure, welding energy and welding amplitude were selected as the influencing factors, the peel strength and welding time were selected as the response variables, a three-factor and three-level experimental matrix was designed. The experimental results were analyzed by multiple regression fitting and the regression model was established. The optimal parameters derived from the model were verified. The optimum combination of process parameters is pressure (0.25Mpa), energy (649J) and amplitude (75%) with the goal of maximum peel strength and minimum welding time. The test results show that the relative error is within a reasonable range, and the established response surface model has a higher precision, which provides a certain reference for reasonable selection of ultrasonic welding process parameters for battery tabs.
Classification Method of Internal Defects in Metal Materials Based on Ultrasonic Point Cloud Data
Authors: Wang Zhongxin , Li Xue , Zhao Zheng , Li Min 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The commonly used methods for analysing defects in metal materials include metallography and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). However, these methods require grinding and polishing of the material surface, which can only obtain the characteristics of material surface defects, making it difficult to effectively detect and characterize internal defects in metal materials. Therefore, a deep neural network model based on ultrasonic point cloud data was proposed in this paper, called the Global and Local Feature Fusion Network (GLFFN), to classify the internal defects in metal materials. Firstly, an ultrasonic microscope was used to perform X-layer scanning on the metal materials, obtaining ultrasonic images at different depths, from which ultrasonic point cloud data was extracted. Based on this, the GLFFN model enhances the classification accuracy of internal defects in metal materials by deep fusion of global and local features of the point cloud. With casting billets as the detection object, which contain three typical internal defects: inclusions, shrinkage cavities, and cracks. The accuracy of the new model for defect classification reached 88.24%, which is superior to the traditional methods, proving the effectiveness of the new model on the classification of internal defects in metal materials.
Acoustic fields to levitate big water drops
Authors: Cancino-Jaque Eduardo , Meneses-Diaz Josué , Carrión-Acuña Marcelo , Vargas-Hernández Yolanda , Gaete-Garretón Luis 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this report, we described the main characteristics of acoustic fields allowing the levitation of big water drops. A numerical study is presented for different configurations of levitators and their associated acoustic fields. It is shown that an emitter different to a piston-type source, for instance, a circular plate excited in its center, vibrating at its first axisymmetric eigenmode can produce an acoustic field with improved levitation capabilities.
Counter-directional mixing of longitudinal guided waves to localize multiple micro-damages in a pipe
Authors: Gu J Y , Zhu W J , Xiang Y X , Xuan F Z 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Nonlinear guided wave has been considered as an effective means to detect early micro-damage in structures. In particular, the guided wave mixing technique has received great attention due to its ability to effectively isolate nonlinearity of measurement system and to localize micro-damage. Previous research mostly focuses on guided wave mixing in plate-like structures, and the research on guided wave mixing in pipes is very limited. Recent studies have been conducted on the co-directional mixing of guided waves in pipes. However, this mixing method is difficult to accurately localize multiple micro-damages because of the large mixing zone. In order to overcome these shortcomings, this study was carried out to investigate the counter-directional mixing of longitudinal guided waves in a pipe. Finite element simulations were performed on the counter-directional mixing of two primary guided waves in the pipe, and the generation of harmonic at the sum frequency was observed. The combined harmonic was used for the characterization and localization of two micro-damages in the pipe. The results show that by controlling the mixing zone of the two primary guided waves, micro-damage areas with an axial separation of 30mm can be effectively localized, which significantly improves the resolution of multiple micro-damages compared with the co-directional mixing method. Meanwhile, the relationship between the size of the mixing zone and the localization accuracy is discussed. This study provides a promising means for multiple micro-damages detection in pipes.
Effects of transducer’s Parameters on the Amplitude Response of Spirally Propagating Circumferential Lamb Wave and Their Application in Defect Detection
Authors: Lin Zuxiong , Fang Zhou , Huang Yanwei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The commonly used traditional cylindroid guided wave modes are not sensitive to a crack with limited circumferential extent within a pipe. The circumferential guide wave will not be affected by the limited circumferential extent of a crack, which can be make up the limitation of the commonly used traditional cylindroid guided wave modes in crack detecting within a pipe. This article studied the spirally propagating circumferential Lamb wave within a pipe, which can determine the axial position of a crack only if the axial extent of the crack is large enough regardless the limited circumferential extent of the crack. To efficiently trigger the spirally propagating circumferential Lamb wave, the effect of the frequency, the circumferential coverage and the axial length of the transducer on the spirally propagating circumferential Lamb wave signals were investigated based on the theoretical model and experiments. Then, the comparison experiments presented the superiority of the proposed spirally propagating circumferential Lamb wave in detecting a crack with limited circumferential extent over the commonly used cylindroid guided wave mode. Finally, the angular interval of two cracks that in the same axial position can be determined through the angular interval of the triggering positions of the spirally propagating circumferential guided wave, which cannot be evaluated through the commonly used traditional cylindroid guided wave modes.
Translations of multiple interacting bubbles in one-dimensional system
Authors: Zhang Ling Ling , Chen Wei Zhong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The pulsations and translations of N cavitation bubbles obey combined ordinary differential equations on one-dimensional chain by analyzing the pressures near the cavitation bubbles, and the translations of the cavitation bubbles are discussed. The results indicate that the cavitation bubbles with the same ambient radii at both ends move symmetrically towards or away from the middle cavitation bubble, and the secondary Bjerknes forces on the cavitation bubbles at both ends are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction and the secondary Bjerknes force on the middle cavitation bubble is zero. In addition, dynamic balance can be maintained between bubbles due to the viscous drag force, and the secondary Bjerknes forces on the cavitation bubbles at both ends are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, and the secondary Bjerknes force on the middle cavitation bubble is almost zero. This is of immediate consequence for understanding cavitation structure formation processes in an acoustic field.
Development of PIND system based on resonant sensors and research on material identification methods for redundant particles
Authors: Ren Z C , Zou X D 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Aiming at the problems of the existing particle impact noise detection (PIND) system, such as low detection accuracy, high rate of misjudgment and missed judgment, and the inability to judge the material of internal redundant particles in real time, a method for automatic detection and material identification of redundant particles based on neural network recognition is proposed, and an automatic detection system for redundant particles of sealed electronic devices is developed. The system is equipped with multi-channel piezoelectric resonant sensors, which convert the redundant particle impact noise signal into a voltage signal, and then transmit the signal to the host using a high-speed data acquisition system. The upper computer uses a short-term energy threshold detection method to extract signal pulses; Then, a variety of time and frequency domain features are extracted and combined with wavelet domain features; Finally, by training the multi output neural network prediction model, it can automatically judge whether there are redundant particles in the tested parts, and automatically give the material information of the redundant particles. Experiments show that the accuracy of the system for material recognition of redundant particles with a mass greater than 0.1 mg can reach 88.6%.