bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intralocus sexual conflict can resolve the male-female health-survival paradox
Authors: Archer C. Ruth , Recker Mario , Duffy Eoin , Hosken David J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAt any given age, men are more likely to die than women, but women have poorer health at older ages. This is referred to as the “male-female, health-survival paradox”, which is not fully understood. Here, we provide a general solution to the paradox that relies on intralocus sexual conflict, where alleles segregating in the population have late-acting positive effects on male fitness, but negative effects on female health. Using an evolutionary modelling framework, we show that male-benefit, female-detriment alleles can spread if they are expressed after female reproduction stops. We provide support for our conflict based solution using experimental Drosophila data. Our results show that selecting for increased late-life male reproductive effort can increase male fitness but have a detrimental effect on female fitness. Furthermore, we show that late-life male fertility is negatively genetically correlated with female health. Our study suggests that intralocus sexual conflict could resolve the health-survival paradox.
Cyclin E1 and Rb modulation as common events at time of resistance to palbociclib in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer
Authors: Guarducci Cristina , Bonechi Martina , Benelli Matteo , Biagioni Chiara , Boccalini Giulia , Romagnoli Dario , Verardo Roberto , Schiff Rachel , Osborne C. Kent , De Angelis Carmine , Di Leo Angelo , Malorni Luca , Migliaccio Ilenia 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCDK4/6 inhibitors represent a new treatment standard for hormone receptor-positive (HR+), HER2-negative advanced breast cancer (BC) patients. Although efficacious, resistance to these agents is universal. Here, we profiled a large panel of HR+ BC cell lines with conditioned resistance to the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib, and analyzed cell cycle-related markers by gene expression profiles (GEP) and western blot (WB). GEP showed high molecular heterogeneity among the models, with E2F targets being significantly enriched both during treatment and at the time of resistance. By both WB and GEP, a common molecular feature at the time of palbociclib resistance was the concomitant overexpression of cyclin E1 and down-regulation of Rb. CCNE1 was the only significantly up-regulated gene among E2F targets at resistance with CCNE1 genomic amplification being observed in two resistant models. Rb was downregulated in all resistant models; a reduction of RB1 copy number was observed in three resistant cell lines. In silico analyses showed that CCNE1/RB1 ratio correlated with palbociclib IC50 in different datasets of both breast and non-breast cancer cell lines, performing better than CCNE1 or RB1 taken separately. Finally, the CCNE1/RB1 ratio was shown to be an adverse prognostic factor in patients with ER+ BC and to be able to discriminate palbociclib-sensitive versus resistant among patients enrolled in the NeoPalAna trial, a neoadjuvant trial testing palbociclib, performing better than CCNE1 or RB1 alone. Our data suggest that the CCNE1/RB1 ratio may be a viable biomarker of palbociclib resistance, warranting further clinical validation.
The Unexpected Role of Carbonate Impurities in Polyphosphate Corrosion Inhibition
Authors: Morsch Suzanne , Emad Seyedgholamreza , Farren Lee A. , Goodall Matthew D. , Lyon Stuart B. , Gibbon Simon R. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPolyphosphate corrosion inhibitors are increasingly marketed as chromate replacements for coil coated steel. The mechanisms underpinning corrosion prevention by these species is, however, not fully understood; corrosion inhibition is ordinarily assessed using electrochemical techniques, followed by ex-situ surface analysis. As a result, the formation of a clear film over cathodic sites is known to contribute to corrosion prevention, but little is known about its formation. Here, we apply advanced microscopy techniques (in-situ fluid cell AFM, SEM-EDX, and AFM-IR nano-chemical analysis) to examine early cathodic film formation by strontium aluminium polyphosphate (SAPP) in detail. For a model cut edge system, it is found that cathodic inhibition dominates during the first 24 hours of immersion, and surprisingly, that strontium carbonate impurities play a significant role. Rapidly precipitated zinc carbonate provides protection almost immediately after immersion, before the film structure evolves to include (poly)phosphate species. This suggests that the purposeful inclusion of carbonates may provide a new, environmentally sound approach to enhancing inhibitor efficacy.
Nickel-catalysed carbonylative homologation of aryl iodides
Authors: Peng Jin-Bao , Wu Fu-Peng , Qi Xinxin , Ying Jun , Wu Xiao-Feng 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHomologation is an important organic transformation which extends the carbon chain of a parent molecule, and many procedures have been established. However, although carbonylation reactions are now well developed as valuable methods for the synthesis of carbonyl-containing compounds, studies of carbonylative homologation are limited. Here we report a nickel-catalysed carbonylative homologation of aryl iodides. With molybdenum hexacarbonyl as the solid carbon monoxide source and silane as the deoxygenation reagent, benzylic units can be effectively produced. Various (hetero)arenes can be successfully benzylated and give the corresponding products in moderate to excellent yields.
Design, analysis, and implementation of a multiport DC–DC converter for renewable energy applications
Authors: Farakhor Amir , Abapour Mehdi , Sabahi Mehran 
Published: November 2018

This study studies a two‐input boost DC/DC converter with high‐output voltage gain. The presented converter has several advantages such as high step‐up capability, continuous input current, bidirectional power flow from one of the ports, and its simple and low‐cost structure. The presented converter can achieve a high‐output voltage gain without using a coupled inductor or a transformer in its structure. Coupled inductors can cause voltage spikes on the main power switch, so active/passive clamp circuits are additionally required to eliminate the voltage spikes. The continuous input current of the presented converter makes it suitable for renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic panels and fuel cells.‏ An energy storage source such as a battery pack can be used in the presented converter. Charging and discharging of the energy storage source is possible using the presented converter. Pulsating charging current of the battery can improve the lifetime of the battery. In addition, discharging of the battery can be done without any constraints in the duty cycles. The thorough analysis and design of the proposed converter are discussed. A 300 W prototype of the presented converter is also used to verify the feasibility and proper operation of the converter.
Targeted and Untargeted Metabolite Profiling of the Ethnobotanical Martynia annua L. Identifies Bioactive Compounds with Medicinal Properties
Authors: Muazzam Saba , Harvey Joe , Deviese Thibaut , Farman Muhammad , McCullagh James 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Martynia annua is an indigenous plant found endemic in the Indian subcontinent where it is commonly used for self-treatment of a variety of ailments and diseases. Previous studies have shown that preparations from the plant have antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, and antiepileptic effects in vitro, but the biochemical composition and active compounds responsible for health benefits remain unknown. The aim of this study was to take extracts from different parts of the M. annua plant and, using targeted and untargeted metabolite profiling and quantitation, provide a comprehensive secondary metabolite profile to identify potential biotherapeutic metabolites.Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography, coupled directly to a Thermo Q-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometer, was used for high-resolution targeted and untargeted analysis. 89 metabolites were identified and their relative and selected absolute abundances measured across 5 different parts of the plant (leaf, flower, fruit, stem, and root). A number of the compounds identified are known to have bioactive and therapeutic properties; these include trans-ferulic acid, homovanillic acid, syringic acid, isorhamnetin, apigenin, luteolin, and hispidulin. We report their concentrations in different parts of the plant.Our findings significantly extend the plant metabolite profile of M. annua and amongst the compounds identified, we have highlight those with known biotherapeutic properties. These results provide a foundation for future studies addressing specific compounds that may be responsible for the bioactivity and therapeutic use of M. annua.
Anti-inflammatory and Quinone Reductase-Inducing Compounds from Beilschmiedia mannii
Authors: Ahoua Angora , Monteillier Aymeric , Borlat Frédéric , Ciclet Olivier , Marcourt Laurence , Nejad Ebrahimi Samad , Koné Mamidou , Bonfoh Bassirou , Christen Philippe , Cuendet Muriel 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPrevious studies on the therapeutic potential of plant species found in the diet of chimpanzees living in Taï National Park have shown that they could be potential candidates for the search of new molecules useful for humans. Based on the screening of some of these plants, the fruits of Beilschmiedia mannii, whose dichloromethane extract showed cancer chemopreventive properties, were selected. Bioactivity-guided fractionation of the extract resulted in the isolation and identification of two γ-pyrones, including desmethoxydihydromethysticin (1), found in a natural source for the first time, and a new congener, beilschmiediapyrone (2), as well as five known alkamides (3 – 7). Their structures were established by using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry methods. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their cancer chemopreventive potential by using quinone reductase induction and nuclear factor-kappa B inhibition tests in Hepa 1c1c7 and HEK-293/NF-κB-Luc cells, respectively. Among them, compounds 1 and 2 were the most active. The concentrations to double the quinone reductase activity were 7.5 µM for compound 1 and 6.1 µM for compound 2. Compounds 1 and 2 inhibited nuclear factor-kappa B with IC50 values of 2.1 and 3.4 µM, respectively. These results are promising with regard to cancer chemoprevention, especially because this plant is also used for cooking by the local population around the Taï forest.
Applications of Rozen’s Reagent in Oxygen-Transfer and C–H Activation Reactions
Authors: Singh Kuldeep , Kulbir Kulbir , Gupta Tarang , Kaur Rajneesh , Singh Raman 
Published: November 2018

Rozen’s reagent (hypofluorous acid–acetonitrile complex, HOF·MeCN) is a robust nonspecific oxygen-transfer reagent and became a proven tool for the oxidation of difficult-to-oxidize molecules. It has been applied to instant oxygen transfers to functional groups such as alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic hydrocarbons, epoxidation, oxidation of alcohols, amines, and alkynes, oxygen-transfer reactions with nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur-containing substrates, and α-hydroxylation of carbonyl groups. Apart from being a potential green oxidizing agent, the complex has applications in 18O-labeling and C–H functionalization strategies. Recent uses of Rozen’s reagent in developing nanomaterials and oxidized expanded graphite indicate the enormous potential of the reagent. These aspects are discussed in this review.1	Introduction2	Synthesis and Physical Properties3	Safety and Handling4	Oxygen-Transfer Reactions4.1	General Mechanism of Oxygen Transfer4.2	Epoxidation4.3	Oxidation of Alkynes4.4	Oxidation of Aromatic Alcohols and Phenols4.5	Oxidation of Nitrogen-Containing Compounds4.6	Conversion of Aldehydes into Nitriles4.7	Oxidation of Alcohols and Ethers4.8	Oxidation of Sulfur-Containing Compounds4.9	Oxygen-Transfer Reaction with Phosphine, Phosphite, and	Phosphinite Compounds5	C–H Activation Reactions5.1	Hydroxylation of Nonactivated Tertiary Saturated Carbon Center5.2	Hydroxylation of Aromatic Carbon Center5.3	α-Hydroxylation of Carbonyl Group5.4	Activation of α-Hydrogens of α-Amino Acids6	Other Uses7	Green Chemistry and Rozen’s Reagent8	Experimental Problems9	Further Applications10	Conclusions
The sweet ‘truth’ of Gujarat – Gujarati diet & lifestyle and diabetogenesis
Authors: Lakhani Om , Shaikh Altamash 
Published: November 2018

AbstractGujarat is a state in Western part of India. It is well known for its cuisine which is predominantly lacto-vegetarian and has characteristic ‘sweet tinge’ in all the food items. The occupation and lifestyle of Gujarati people is mainly sedentary and participation in sports and other physical activities is limited. In this article we have explored the components and characteristics of Gujarati diet and lifestyle in relation to the risk of diabetes. Though prima facie the Gujarati diet and lifestyle may seem more diabetogenic compared to the cuisine of other states of India, there is very little objective evidence to suggest the same. Infact, the prevalence of diabetes in the state of Gujarat is lower compared to other states with equivalent GDP. In this is article we have also tried to find possible explanations of this paradoxical observation.
GaP nanowire betavoltaic device
Authors: McNamee Simon , Wagner Devan , Fiordaliso Elisabetta M , Novog David , LaPierre Ray R 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
A betavoltaic device is reported that directly converts beta energy from a 63Ni radioisotope into electrical energy by impact ionization in a GaP nanowire array. The GaP nanowires are grown in a periodic array by molecular beam epitaxy on silicon using the self-assisted vapor–liquid–solid method. By growing GaP nanowires with large packing fraction and length on the order of the maximum beta range, the nanowires can efficiently capture the betas with high energy conversion efficiency while using inexpensive Si substrates. Monte Carlo simulations predict a betavoltaic efficiency in agreement with experimental results. The nanowire betavoltaic device can be used as a power source for nano-/micro-systems such as mobile electronic devices, implantable medical devices, and wireless sensor networks.
The effect of summer drought on the yield of Arundo donax is reduced by the retention of photosynthetic capacity and leaf growth later in the growing season
Authors: Haworth Matthew , Marino Giovanni , Riggi Ezio , Avola Giovanni , Brunetti Cecilia , Scordia Danilo , Testa Giorgio , Thiago Gaudio Gomes Marcos , Loreto Francesco , Luciano Cosentino Salvatore , Centritto Mauro 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background and Aims
The development of Arundo donax as a biomass crop for use on drought-prone marginal lands in areas with warm to hot climates is constrained by the lack of variation within this species. We investigated the effect of morphological and physiological variation on growth and tolerance to drought under field conditions in three ecotypes of A. donax collected from habitats representing a climate gradient: a pre-desert in Morocco, a semi-arid Mediterranean climate in southern Italy and a warm sub-humid region of central Italy.

Methods
The three A. donax ecotypes were grown under irrigated and rain-fed conditions in a common garden field trial in a region with a semi-arid Mediterranean climate. Physiological and morphological characteristics, and carbohydrate metabolism of the ecotypes were recorded to establish which traits were associated with yield and/or drought tolerance.

Key Results
Variation was observed between the A. donax ecotypes. The ecotype from the most arid habitat produced the highest biomass yield. Stem height and the retention of photosynthetic capacity later in the year were key traits associated with differences in biomass yield. The downregulation of photosynthetic capacity was not associated with changes in foliar concentrations of sugars or starch. Rain-fed plants maintained photosynthesis and growth later in the year compared with irrigated plants that began to senescence earlier, thus minimizing the difference in yield. Effective stomatal control prevented excessive water loss, and the emission of isoprene stabilized photosynthetic membranes under drought and heat stress in A. donax plants grown under rain-fed conditions without supplementary irrigation.

Conclusions
Arundo donax is well adapted to cultivation in drought-prone areas with warm to hot climates. None of the A. donax ecotypes exhibited all of the desired traits consistent with an ‘ideotype’. Breeding or genetic (identification of quantitative trait loci) improvement of A. donax should select ecotypes on the basis of stem morphology and the retention of photosynthetic capacity.
A plugin for the Ensembl Variant Effect Predictor that uses MaxEntScan to predict variant spliceogenicity
Authors: Shamsani Jannah , Kazakoff Stephen H , Armean Irina M , McLaren Will , Parsons Michael T , Thompson Bryony A , O’Mara Tracy A , Hunt Sarah E , Waddell Nicola , Spurdle Amanda B 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Summary
Assessing the pathogenicity of genetic variants can be a complex and challenging task. Spliceogenic variants, which alter mRNA splicing, may yield mature transcripts that encode non-functional protein products, an important predictor of Mendelian disease risk. However, most variant annotation tools do not adequately assess spliceogenicity outside the native splice site and thus the disease-causing potential of variants in other intronic and exonic regions is often overlooked. Here, we present a plugin for the Ensembl Variant Effect Predictor that packages MaxEntScan and extends its functionality to provide splice site predictions using a maximum entropy model. The plugin incorporates a sliding window algorithm to predict splice site loss or gain for any variant that overlaps a transcript feature. We also demonstrate the utility of the plugin by comparing our predictions to two mRNA splicing datasets containing several cancer-susceptibility genes.

Availability and implementation
Source code is freely available under the Apache License, Version 2.0: https://github.com/Ensembl/VEP_plugins.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
EphA4 Regulates Hippocampal Neural Precursor Proliferation in the Adult Mouse Brain by d-Serine Modulation of N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptor Signaling
Authors: Zhao Jing , Taylor Chanel J , Newcombe Estella A , Spanevello Mark D , O’Keeffe Imogen , Cooper Leanne T , Jhaveri Dhanisha J , Boyd Andrew W , Bartlett Perry F 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) is a major region of the adult rodent brain in which neurogenesis occurs throughout life. The EphA4 receptor, which regulates neurogenesis and boundary formation in the developing brain, is also expressed in the adult DG, but whether it regulates adult hippocampal neurogenesis is not known. Here, we show that, in the adult mouse brain, EphA4 inhibits hippocampal precursor cell proliferation but does not affect precursor differentiation or survival. Genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of EphA4 significantly increased hippocampal precursor proliferation in vivo and in vitro, by blocking EphA4 forward signaling. EphA4 was expressed by mature hippocampal DG neurons but not neural precursor cells, and an EphA4 antagonist, EphA4-Fc, did not activate clonal cultures of precursors until they were co-cultured with non-precursor cells, indicating an indirect effect of EphA4 on the regulation of precursor activity. Supplementation with d-serine blocked the increased precursor proliferation induced by EphA4 inhibition, whereas blocking the interaction between d-serine and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) promoted precursor activity, even at the clonal level. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that EphA4 indirectly regulates adult hippocampal precursor proliferation and thus plays a role in neurogenesis via d-serine-regulated NMDAR signaling.
Cryptanalysis of a Compact Anonymous HIBE with Constant Size Private Keys
Authors: Lin Xi-Jun , Sun Lin , Qu Haipeng , Xian He-Qun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractRecently, Zhang et al. proposed a new anonymous hierarchical identity-based encryption (anonymous HIBE) over prime order groups to achieve both constant size private key and constant size ciphertext. Moreover, a double exponent technique was used to provide anonymity. They proved that their scheme is secure and anonymous against chosen plaintext attacks in the standard model. In this paper, we point out that their scheme is insecure.
Empowerment-enabling home and school environments and self-rated health among Finnish adolescents
Authors: Simonsen Nina , Lahti Anna , Suominen Sakari , Välimaa Raili , Tynjälä Jorma , Roos Eva , Kannas Lasse 
Published: November 2018

SummaryPerceived health during adolescence has not only immediate consequences for individuals and for society, but also long-term. We need to understand better the health development in this period of the lifespan. Empowerment may be one pathway through which social factors and conditions translate into health effects. This study aimed to examine whether empowerment-enabling home and school environments are associated with self-rated health among adolescents, and whether the associations differ between genders, age or majority/minority language groups. Anonymous questionnaire data from respondents aged 11, 13 and 15 years were obtained from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study, conducted in Finland in 2014 in Finnish- and Swedish-speaking schools (n = 5925/1877). The proportion rating their health as excellent varied between 33.6 (11-year-olds) and 23.1% (15-year-olds), boys rating their health as excellent more often than girls in all age groups. Findings showed that indicators of both empowerment-enabling home and school environments were independently and positively related to adolescents’ self-rated health. Whereas a respectful, accepting, kind and helpful attitude among classmates and a good home atmosphere were quite consistently associated with excellent health, there were gender and age differences with concern to the other empowerment-enabling indicators. Moreover, there were gender-, age- and language-related differences regarding adolescents’ perceptions of how empowerment enabling their environments were. Home and school environments that create opportunities through encouragement and care, and through strengthening feelings of being secure, accepted and respected are potentially empowerment enabling. This study suggests that such environmental qualities are important for the perceived health of young people.
Accidentally About Me
Authors: Morgan Daniel 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWhy are de se mental states essential? What exactly is their de se-ness needed to do? I argue that it is needed to fend off accidentalness. If certain beliefs – for example, nociceptive, proprioceptive or introspective beliefs – were not de se, then any truth they achieved would be too accidental for the subject to count as knowing. If certain intentions – intentions that are in play whenever we intentionally do anything – were not de se, then any satisfaction they achieved would be too accidental for the subject to count as intentionally acting. How states hook on to their referent is relevant in a systematic but underexplored way to whether they non-accidentally achieve their aim – truth in the case of beliefs, satisfaction in the case of intentions. In the relevant cases, the way of hooking on to a referent needed to avoid being accidental is the way a de se state hooks on to its referent.