bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A machine learning approach for online automated optimization of super-resolution optical microscopy
Authors: Durand Audrey , Wiesner Theresa , Gardner Marc-André , Robitaille Louis-Émile , Bilodeau Anthony , Gagné Christian , De Koninck Paul , Lavoie-Cardinal Flavie 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTraditional approaches for finding well-performing parameterizations of complex imaging systems, such as super-resolution microscopes rely on an extensive exploration phase over the illumination and acquisition settings, prior to the imaging task. This strategy suffers from several issues: it requires a large amount of parameter configurations to be evaluated, it leads to discrepancies between well-performing parameters in the exploration phase and imaging task, and it results in a waste of time and resources given that optimization and final imaging tasks are conducted separately. Here we show that a fully automated, machine learning-based system can conduct imaging parameter optimization toward a trade-off between several objectives, simultaneously to the imaging task. Its potential is highlighted on various imaging tasks, such as live-cell and multicolor imaging and multimodal optimization. This online optimization routine can be integrated to various imaging systems to increase accessibility, optimize performance and improve overall imaging quality.
An AIEgen-based 3D covalent organic framework for white light-emitting diodes
Authors: Ding Huimin , Li Jian , Xie Guohua , Lin Guiqing , Chen Rufan , Peng Zhengkang , Yang Chuluo , Wang Baoshan , Sun Junliang , Wang Cheng 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe design and synthesis of three-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (3D COFs) have still been considered as a big challenge. Here we report the design and synthesis of an AIEgen-based 3D COF (3D-TPE-COF), with a high surface area (1084 m2 g−1). According to powder X-ray diffraction and continuous rotation electron diffraction analyses, 3D-TPE-COF is identified to adopt a seven-fold interpenetrated pts topology. Interestingly, 3D-TPE-COF emits yellow fluorescence upon excitation, with a photoluminescence quantum yield of 20%. Moreover, by simply coating 3D-TPE-COF onto a commercial blue light-emitting diode (LED), a prototype white LED (WLED) under continuously driving without degradation for 1200 h was demonstrated. The present work suggests the possibility of using COF materials for stable WLEDs, which will greatly inspire us to design and synthesize fluorescent 3D COFs and facilitate the development of COF-based WLEDs in future.
Efficient oxygen evolution electrocatalysis in acid by a perovskite with face-sharing IrO6 octahedral dimers
Authors: Yang Lan , Yu Guangtao , Ai Xuan , Yan Wensheng , Duan Hengli , Chen Wei , Li Xiaotian , Wang Ting , Zhang Chenghui , Huang Xuri , Chen Jie-Sheng , Zou Xiaoxin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe widespread use of proton exchange membrane water electrolysis requires the development of more efficient electrocatalysts containing reduced amounts of expensive iridium for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Here we present the identification of 6H-phase SrIrO3 perovskite (6H-SrIrO3) as a highly active electrocatalyst with good structural and catalytic stability for OER in acid. 6H-SrIrO3 contains 27.1 wt% less iridium than IrO2, but its iridium mass activity is about 7 times higher than IrO2, a benchmark electrocatalyst for the acidic OER. 6H-SrIrO3 is the most active catalytic material for OER among the iridium-based oxides reported recently, based on its highest iridium mass activity. Theoretical calculations indicate that the existence of face-sharing octahedral dimers is mainly responsible for the superior activity of 6H-SrIrO3 thanks to the weakened surface Ir-O binding that facilitates the potential-determining step involved in the OER (i.e., O* + H2O → HOO* + H+ + e¯).
Inhibitor binding mode and allosteric regulation of Na+-glucose symporters
Authors: Bisignano Paola , Ghezzi Chiara , Jo Hyunil , Polizzi Nicholas F. , Althoff Thorsten , Kalyanaraman Chakrapani , Friemann Rosmarie , Jacobson Matthew P. , Wright Ernest M. , Grabe Michael 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSodium-dependent glucose transporters (SGLTs) exploit sodium gradients to transport sugars across the plasma membrane. Due to their role in renal sugar reabsorption, SGLTs are targets for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Current therapeutics are phlorizin derivatives that contain a sugar moiety bound to an aromatic aglycon tail. Here, we develop structural models of human SGLT1/2 in complex with inhibitors by combining computational and functional studies. Inhibitors bind with the sugar moiety in the sugar pocket and the aglycon tail in the extracellular vestibule. The binding poses corroborate mutagenesis studies and suggest a partial closure of the outer gate upon binding. The models also reveal a putative Na+ binding site in hSGLT1 whose disruption reduces the transport stoichiometry to the value observed in hSGLT2 and increases inhibition by aglycon tails. Our work demonstrates that subtype selectivity arises from Na+-regulated outer gate closure and a variable region in extracellular loop EL5.
Host-targeted niclosamide inhibits C. difficile virulence and prevents disease in mice without disrupting the gut microbiota
Authors: Tam John , Hamza Therwa , Ma Bing , Chen Kevin , Beilhartz Greg L. , Ravel Jacques , Feng Hanping , Melnyk Roman A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractClostridium difficile is the leading cause of nosocomial diarrhea and colitis in the industrialized world. Disruption of the protective gut microbiota by antibiotics enables colonization by multidrug-resistant C. difficile, which secrete up to three different protein toxins that are responsible for the gastrointestinal sequelae. Oral agents that inhibit the damage induced by toxins, without altering the gut microbiota, are urgently needed to prevent primary disease and break the cycle of antibiotic-induced disease recurrence. Here, we show that the anthelmintic drug, niclosamide, inhibits the pathogenesis of all three toxins by targeting a host process required for entry into colonocytes by each toxin. In mice infected with an epidemic strain of C. difficile, expressing all three toxins, niclosamide reduced both primary disease and recurrence, without disrupting the diversity or composition of the gut microbiota. Given its excellent safety profile, niclosamide may address an important unmet need in preventing C. difficile primary and recurrent diseases.
Anomalous diffusion along metal/ceramic interfaces
Authors: Kumar Aakash , Barda Hagit , Klinger Leonid , Finnis Michael W. , Lordi Vincenzo , Rabkin Eugen , Srolovitz David J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractInterface diffusion along a metal/ceramic interface present in numerous energy and electronic devices can critically affect their performance and stability. Hole formation in a polycrystalline Ni film on an α-Al2O3 substrate coupled with a continuum diffusion analysis demonstrates that Ni diffusion along the Ni/α-Al2O3 interface is surprisingly fast. Ab initio calculations demonstrate that both Ni vacancy formation and migration energies at the coherent Ni/α-Al2O3 interface are much smaller than in bulk Ni, suggesting that the activation energy for diffusion along coherent Ni/α-Al2O3 interfaces is comparable to that along (incoherent/high angle) grain boundaries. Based on these results, we develop a simple model for diffusion along metal/ceramic interfaces, apply it to a wide range of metal/ceramic systems and validate it with several ab initio calculations. These results suggest that fast metal diffusion along metal/ceramic interfaces should be common, but is not universal.
Kinetics of pipeline steel corrosion studied by Raman spectroscopy-coupled vertical scanning interferometry
Authors: Heuer Janis , Luttge Andreas 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe corrosion and degradation of materials, such as pipeline steel, have a strong effect on both the environment and the economy. The quantification of these processes can therefore provide important information needed to manage their impact. In this study, a concept for the characterization and quantification of corrosion is demonstrated on API X70 steel immersed in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. Due to the difficulty of quantifying corrosion rates, e.g., through single mean values, a unique system is applied that directly couples Raman spectroscopy with vertical scanning interferometry to assess the physical and chemical aspects of steel corrosion kinetics. Vertical scanning interferometry allows the quantification of the topographical evolution of corrosion product formation and material dissolution in combination with the direct measurements of the respective rates. The Raman spectroscopy provides additional information about the (mineral) phases. Rate variations ranging from uniform corrosion to areas of high pit densities are quantified and analyzed in rate maps and subsequently visualized in rate spectra. The rate distribution is classified into different domains and pitting rates. Thus, a comprehensive quantitative assessment of the characteristic corrosion behavior is discussed.
The maturation of speech structure in psychosis is resistant to formal education
Authors: Mota Natália Bezerra , Sigman Mariano , Cecchi Guillermo , Copelli Mauro , Ribeiro Sidarta 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDiscourse varies widely with age, level of education, and psychiatric state. Word graphs have been recently shown to provide behavioral markers of formal thought disorders in psychosis (e.g., disorganized flow of ideas) and to track literacy acquisition in children with typical development. Here we report that a graph-theoretical computational analysis of verbal reports from subjects spanning 6 decades of age and 2 decades of education reveals asymptotic changes over time that depend more on education than age. In typical subjects, short-range recurrence and lexical diversity stabilize after elementary school, whereas graph size and long-range recurrence only steady after high school. Short-range recurrence decreases towards random levels, while lexical diversity, long-range recurrence, and graph size increase away from near-randomness towards a plateau in educated adults. Subjects with psychosis do not show similar dynamics, presenting at adulthood a children-like discourse structure. Typical subjects increase the range of word recurrence over school years, but the same feature in subjects with psychosis resists education.
Ultrasonography for lymph nodes metastasis identification in bitches with mammary neoplasms
Authors: Silva Priscila , Uscategui Ricardo Andres Ramirez , Maronezi Marjury Cristina , Gasser Beatriz , Pavan Letícia , Gatto Igor Renan Honorato , de Almeida Vivian Tavares , Vicente Wilter Ricardo Russiano , Feliciano Marcus Antônio Rossi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the diagnostic accuracy of B-mode, Doppler ultrasonography and Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) elastography in the identification of axillary and inguinal lymph nodes metastasis in bitches with mammary neoplasms. The axillary (n = 96) and inguinal (n = 100) lymph nodes of 100 bitches were evaluated using B-Mode, Colour Doppler and ARFI-elastography. After this evaluation, mastectomy and lymph nodes excision were performed and these structures were histologically classified as free, reactive or metastatic. Ultrasonographic parameters were compared by Chi-Square or ANOVA tests and if they are significant, discriminative power analysis according to histopathological classification was performed (ROC analysis). The ARFI-elastography shear wave velocity (SWV) enabled metastasis identification in inguinal (sensitivity 95% specificity 87%) and axillary lymph nodes (sensitivity 100% specificity 94%). While B-Mode ultrasound Short/Long axis ratio evaluation of inguinal and axillary lymph nodes only resulted in a sensitivity around of 71% and specificity of 55%. In conclusion, B-Mode ultrasonography may contribute to diagnosis of metastasis in axillary and inguinal lymph nodes of bitches affected by mammary neoplasm with limited accuracy, while SWV evaluation proved to be an excellent diagnosis tool, which allows differentiation between free, reactive and tumour metastatic lymph nodes.
The autosomal Gsdf gene plays a role in male gonad development in Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis)
Authors: Zhu Ying , Meng Liang , Xu Wenteng , Cui Zhongkai , Zhang Nianwei , Guo Hua , Wang Na , Shao Changwei , Chen Songlin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractGsdf is a key gene for testicular differentiation in teleost. However, little is known about the function of Gsdf in Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis). In this study, we obtained the full-length Gsdf gene (CS-Gsdf), and functional characterization revealed its potential participation during germ cell differentiation in testes. CS-Gsdf transcription was predominantly detected in gonads, while the levels in testes were significantly higher than those in ovaries. During the different developmental stages in male gonads, the mRNA level was significantly upregulated at 86 dph, and a peak appeared at 120 dph; then, the level decreased at 1 and 2 yph. In situ hybridization revealed that CS-Gsdf mRNA was mainly localized in the Sertoli cells, spermatogonia, and spermatids in mature testes. After CS-Gsdf knockdown in the male testes cell line by RNA interference, a series of sex-related genes was influenced, including several sex differentiation genes, CS-Wnt4a, CS-Cyp19a1a and CS-Star. Based on these data, we speculated that CS-Gsdf may play a positive role in germ differentiation and proliferation via influencing genes related to sex differentiation.
CASP4 gene silencing in epithelial cancer cells leads to impairment of cell migration, cell-matrix adhesion and tissue invasion
Authors: Papoff Giuliana , Presutti Dario , Lalli Cristiana , Bolasco Giulia , Santini Simonetta , Manelfi Candida , Fustaino Valentina , Alemà Stefano , Ruberti Giovina 
Published: December 2018

AbstractInflammatory caspases, including human caspase-4 (CASP4), play key roles in innate immune responses to promote fusion of phagosomes harboring pathogenic bacteria with lysosomes, halt intracellular replication of pathogens, maturation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The role of inflammatory caspases in cancer cells remains poorly investigated. Here, we explored the consequences of modulating CASP4 expression levels on the migratory behavior of epithelial cancer cell lines. By a gene silencing approach and in vitro and in vivo studies we show that down-regulation of CASP4 leads to impaired cell migration and cell-matrix adhesion. This phenotype is accompanied by an increased actin cytoskeleton polymerization, changes in the overall organization of adherens junctions (AJs) and number and size of focal adhesions. Interestingly, the cell migration deficit could be reversed by epithelial growth factor treatment, and depletion of calcium ions unveiled a role of CASP4 in the novo assembly of AJs, suggesting that the role of CASP4 is not cell-autonomous. Finally, CASP4-silenced A431 cells exhibited a severe reduction in their ability to invade lung tissue, when injected into nude mice. Overall, our data support the emerging evidence that inflammatory caspases can regulate cell migration through actin remodeling and uncover a novel role of CASP4 in cancer cell behavior.
In Vivo Evaluation of PAX6 Overexpression and NMDA Cytotoxicity to Stimulate Proliferation in the Mouse Retina
Authors: Ranaei Pirmardan Ehsan , Soheili Zahra-Soheila , Samiei Shahram , Ahmadieh Hamid , Mowla Seyed Javad , Naseri Marzieh , Daftarian Narsis 
Published: December 2018

AbstractRetinal degenerative diseases, due to the lack of regeneration systems and self-renewable cells, often lead to visual impairment. Pax6 is a pleiotropic transcription factor and its expression level determines self-renewal status or differentiation of retinal cells. Here, we investigated the fate of simultaneous induction of retinal ganglion cell death and Pax6 overexpression in retro-differentiation of retinal cells and their commitment to re-enter into the cell cycle. Induction of acute retinal ganglion cell death and generation of mouse experimental model was performed by N-methyl D-aspartic acid (NMDA) injection. Recombinant AAV2 virus harboring PAX6 cDNA and reporter gene was injected into untreated and model mouse eyes. Histological analyses, including IHC and retinal flatmounts immunostaining were performed. The number of Ki67+ cells was clearly increased in model mice, presumably due to NMDA treatment and regardless of Pax6 over-expression. Unlike previous studies, Ki67+ cells were found in GCL layer and interestingly ONL cells expressed Sox2 stemness marker after NMDA cytotoxicity. The potential of retinal cells for robust Ki67 expression, after injury, and expression of Sox2, confirmed their intrinsic plasticity and made a vivid prospect for retinal regenerative medicine.
T cell-derived lymphotoxin limits Th1 response during HSV-1 infection
Authors: Yang Kaiting , Liang Yong , Sun Zhichen , Liu Longchao , Liao Jing , Xu Hairong , Zhu Mingzhao , Fu Yang-Xin , Peng Hua 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThough lymphotoxin (LT) is highly expressed by type I helper T (Th1) cells, its contribution to CD4+T cell differentiation during infections and diseases remains a mystery. In HSV-1 infection, we observed that LTβR signaling is required to limit the Th1 response. Using bone marrow chimeric mice, mixed-T-cell chimeric mice, and LTβRin vivoblockades, we unexpectedly observed that LT, especially T cell-derived LT, played an indispensable role in limiting the Th1 response. The LTβR-Ig blockade promoted the Th1 response by increasing infiltration of monocytes and monocyte-derived DCs and up-regulating IL-12 secretion in the lymphoid environment. Our findings identified a novel role for T cell-derived LT in manipulating Th1 differentiation.
Elucidating the contribution of ETC complexes I and II to the respirasome formation in cardiac mitochondria
Authors: Jang Sehwan , Javadov Sabzali 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) plays a central role in ATP synthesis, and its dysfunction is associated with human diseases. Recent studies revealed that individual ETC complexes are assembled into supercomplexes. The main supercomplex, respirasome composed of complexes I, III, and IV has been suggested to improve electron channeling and control ROS production, maintain the structural integrity of ETC complexes and prevent protein aggregation in the inner mitochondrial membrane. However, many questions related to the structural organization of the respirasome, particularly, a possible role of complexes I and II in respirasome formation remain unclear. Here, we investigated whether genetic and pharmacological inhibition of complexes I and II affect respirasome assembly in cardioblast cells and isolated cardiac mitochondria. Pharmacological inhibition of the enzymatic activity of complexes I and II stimulated disruption of the respirasome. Likewise, knockdown of the complex I subunit NDUFA11 stimulated dissociation of respirasome and reduced the activity of complexes I, III, and IV. However, silencing of the membrane-anchored SDHC subunit of complex II had no effect on the respirasome assembly but reduced the activity of complexes II and IV. Downregulation of NDUFA11 or SDHC reduced ATP production and increased mitochondrial ROS production. Overall, these studies, for the first time, provide biochemical evidence that the complex I activity, and the NDUFA11 subunit are important for assembly and stability of the respirasome. The SDHC subunit of complex II is not involved in the respirasome however the complex may play a regulatory role in respirasome formation.
How Physical Proximity Shapes Complex Social Networks
Authors: Stopczynski Arkadiusz , Pentland Alex ‘Sandy’ , Lehmann Sune 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSocial interactions among humans create complex networks and – despite a recent increase of online communication – the interactions mediated through physical proximity remain a fundamental way for people to connect. A common way to quantify the nature of the links between individuals is to consider repeated interactions: frequently occurring interactions indicate strong ties, such as friendships, while ties with low weights can indicate random encounters. Here we focus on a different dimension: rather than the strength of links, we study physical distance between individuals when a link is activated. The findings presented here are based on a dataset of proximity events in a population of approximately 500 individuals. To quantify the impact of the physical proximity on the dynamic network, we use a simulated epidemic spreading processes in two distinct networks of physical proximity. We consider the network of short-range interactions defined as d $${\boldsymbol{\lesssim }}$$
≲
1 meter, and the long-range which includes all interactions d $${\boldsymbol{\lesssim }}$$
≲
10 meters. Since these two networks arise from the same set of underlying behavioral data, we are able to quantitatively measure how the specific definition of the proximity network – short-range versus long-range – impacts the resulting network structure as well as spreading dynamics in epidemic simulations. We find that the short-range network – consistent with the literature – is characterized by densely-connected neighborhoods bridged by weak ties. More surprisingly, however, we show that spreading in the long-range network is quite different, mainly shaped by spurious interactions.
MicroRNA-21 induces loss of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase in early gastric tubular adenocarcinoma
Authors: Park Young Soo , Lee Jeong Hoon , Jung Deok-Beom , Kim Han-Byul , Jung Jin-Hak , Pak Sehyung , Ryu Yeon-Mi , Park Hye Jin , Park Yun-Yong , Jung Hwoon-Yong , Myung Seung-Jae 
Published: December 2018

Abstract15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH), the rate-limiting enzyme in prostaglandin E2 degradation, is decreased in gastric cancers and microRNA (miR)-21 is one of the regulators. We investigated the expression and regulation of 15-PGDH in eary gastric carcinogenesis utilizing endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and gastric cancer cell lines. Expression of 15-PGDH and cyclooxygenase-2 as well as the promoter methylation of 15-PGDH were evaluted. CRISPR, miR-21 transfection, proliferation and apoptosis assays were also done. We observed significant decreases in 15-PGDH expression but no promoter methylation was detected in any ESDs. 15-PGDH suppression by CRISPR induced enhanced growth kinetics. miR-21, which was detected in high level in gastric tumors from the TGCA data, caused increased proliferation, decreased apoptosis. miR-21 overexpression was confirmed with CISH and RT-PCR in the ESDs. Loss of 15-PGDH occurs at the very early stage of gastric adenocarcinoma by miR-21. H. pylori infection may affect miR-21 up regulation. Maintaining 15-PGDH enzyme activity could be a new strategic measure in preventing gastric cancer especially tubular adenocarcinoma.