bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Superheated steam technology: Recent developments and applications in food industries
Authors: Zhang Huang , Yu Feiying , Yi Junjie , Xu Xueming , Ma Yongshuai 
Published: November 2024

AbstractStudies focused on superheated steam technology in the field of food processing have progressed rapidly over the past several decades, and this can be attributed to its remarkable heat transfer efficiency, energy‐saving benefits, and environmentally friendly characteristics when compared to those of conventional thermal processing methods. Consequently, superheated steam technology holds great promise for a wider range of applications in the food industry. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the use of superheated steam technology in food processing and its impact on food quality, texture, and microbiological safety. Superheated steam is an effective thermal processing medium for tasks such as food drying, microbial decontamination, reducing the formation of toxic compounds, and enhancing the overall food quality. During superheated steam processing, the products exhibit improved flavor, color, and texture, heightened safety, and better retention of nutritional and bioactive ingredients. Additionally, the limitations and future development trends of superheated steam technology are discussed. Although the commercial adoption of superheated steam technology is still in its early stages, recent advancements suggest a promising future for its integration into the food industry.
Factors associated with dementia among older people in Malaysia: Findings from National Health and Morbidity Survey
Authors: Nasaruddin Nur Hamizah , Ganapathy Shubash Shander , Tham Sin Wan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo identify factors associated with dementia among older people in Malaysia.MethodsThis study used data from a nationwide cross‐sectional survey in Malaysia. Participants involved were older people aged 60 years and above. Data collected were on dementia risk factors as well as dementia screening. Dementia screening was done using the Identification and Intervention for Dementia in Elderly Africans cognitive screening tool. Univariate analysis and multiple logistic regression were carried out to determine the factors associated with dementia.ResultsThere were 3774 participants involved in this study. Multiple logistic regression showed factors associated with dementia among older people were those aged 70 years and above, Indian ethnic group, being single, primary or no formal education, as well as those with hypertension. Interestingly, our findings also showed that older people with hypercholesterolemia have lower odds of having dementia.ConclusionsMultiple factors were associated with dementia in Malaysia, highlighting the need to implement multiple interventions strategies, by taking a lifetime approach emphasizing education, physical as well as social aspects.
A Comparative Analysis of Neurological Soft Signs and Emotional Intelligence in Rapid Cycling and Non‐Rapid Cycling Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Yingying Feng , Bo Yang , Jun Zhao 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundRapid cycling (RC) is a special subtype of bipolar disorder (BD). Previous studies have rarely involved the investigation of neurological soft signs (NSS) and emotional intelligence (EI) in rapid cycling patients.ObjectThis study aims to compare the differences in NSS and EI between patients with RC and non‐rapid cycling (NRC) in BD.MethodsThe Cambridge Neurological Inventory and The Mayer–Salovey–Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test were used to assess the NSS and EI levels of euthymic patients with BD and healthy controls (HC). Patients were divided into RC and NRC groups.ResultsIn terms of NSS, both the RC and NRC groups scored significantly higher than the HC group in the Motor coordination subdomain and total scores. In the Sensory integration subdomain, there was a significant trend of RC group scoring higher than the NRC group, which in turn scored higher than the HC group. In terms of EI, there was a trend of RC group scoring lower than the NRC group, which scored lower than the HC group in the understanding emotions subdomain and MSCEIT total score. In the managing emotions subdomain, the RC group scored lower than the HC group.ConclusionCompared to the NRC group, the RC group exhibited higher NSS levels, mainly manifesting in more severe sensory integration impairment. The RC group scored lower in EI, primarily reflected in understanding and managing emotions, and the managing emotions subdomain may serve as a more sensitive indicator to distinguish between the two groups.
GPNMB is a novel binding partner of FGFR1 that affects tumorigenic potential through AKT phosphorylation in TNBC
Authors: Elhinnawi Manar A. , Okita Yukari , Shigematsu Katsunobu , Abdelaziz Mohammed , Shiratani Rie , Kawanishi Kunio , Hengphasatporn Kowit , Dang Cao Thuy Linh , Shigeta Yasuteru , Kato Mitsuyasu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBreast cancer is a heterogeneous disease and is one of the most prevalent cancers in women. Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a relatively aggressive subtype of breast cancer, which is difficult to treat. Glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) is a type I transmembrane protein that is overexpressed in various types of cancers, including breast cancer, especially TNBC. In this study, bioinformatic analyses revealed enhanced fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) signaling in patients with invasive breast cancer, and the GPNMBhigh/FGFR1high group exhibited a lower probability of relapse‐free survival (RFS) than the GPNMBlow/FGFR1low group. Additionally, we observed that GPNMB and FGFR1 were essential for sphere formation, cellular migration, and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐like changes in TNBC cells. To explore the mutual interaction between these two molecules, we conducted in silico protein–protein docking studies and molecular dynamics simulations. The results revealed that GPNMB isoform b exhibits high binding affinity for FGFR1 isoform c (FGFR1c), which correlates with cancer aggressiveness. We also confirmed the interaction between GPNMB and FGFR1 in TNBC cells. Furthermore, our study demonstrated that GPNMB is essential for AKT phosphorylation at T308 following FGF2 stimulation, resulting in high affinity for FGFR1c. Inhibition of AKT phosphorylation substantially reduces the tumorigenic potential of TNBC cells.
Hepatic lipogenesis marked by GCKR‐modulated triglycerides increases serum FGF21 in children/teens with obesity
Authors: Maffeis Claudio , Morandi Anita , Zusi Chiara , Olivieri Francesca , Fornari Elena , Cavarzere Paolo , Piona Claudia , Corradi Massimiliano , Emiliani Federica , Da Ros Alessandro , Berni Canani Roberto , Mantovani Alessandro , Targher Giovanni 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAimsFibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) decreases hepatic lipogenesis in animal models, and FGF21 analogues decrease serum triglycerides (TG) in adults in phase‐2 trials. On the other hand, serum FGF21 is associated with higher TG in observational studies of people with obesity, raising a sort of paradox. We tested the hypothesis that FGF21 is induced by TG in youth with obesity, as a compensatory mechanism.Materials and MethodsWe recruited 159 children/adolescents with obesity (80 males, 12.7 ± 2.1 years). Besides serum FGF21 and lipid dosages, we genotyped the Pro446Leu variant at glucokinase regulator (GCKR) as a known marker of genetically increased hepatic de novo lipogenesis, and we used it as an instrumental variable to establish a cause‐and‐effect relationship between FGF21 and TG, according to a Mendelian randomization analysis.ResultsThe Pro446Leu variant increased circulating TG (β = +0.35, p < 0.001), which was positively associated with circulating FGF21 (β = +0.42, p < 0.001). The Pro446Leu variant increased FGF‐21 (β = +0.14, p = 0.031) with the expected slope (β‐coefficient) in case of association entirely mediated by TG: 0.35 (slope between Pro446Ala and TG) × 0.42 (slope between TG and FGF21) = 0.14.ConclusionsHepatic lipogenesis, marked by GCKR‐modulated triglycerides, is significantly associated with increased serum FGF‐21 in children/adolescents with obesity.
Role of the liver in the sustained normalisation of A1c over 2 years following short‐term insulin therapy in early type 2 diabetes
Authors: Wu Andrew , Pu Jiajie , Emery Alexandra , Harris Stewart B. , Reichert Sonja M. , Gerstein Hertzel C. , McInnes Natalia , Kramer Caroline K. , Zinman Bernard , Retnakaran Ravi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAimsWhen administered in early type 2 diabetes (T2DM), the strategy of ‘induction’ with short‐term intensive insulin therapy (IIT) followed by ‘maintenance’ with metformin thereafter can yield outstanding glycaemic control, with some patients achieving A1c in the normal range of its assay. We thus sought to identify determinants of sustained normalisation of A1c in response to this treatment strategy.Materials and MethodsIn this study, adults with T2DM of mean duration 1.7 ± 1.4 years received induction IIT (glargine, lispro) for 3 weeks, followed by metformin maintenance either with or without periodic 2‐week courses of IIT every 3 months for 2 years. Sustained glycaemic normalisation was defined by A1c <6.0% at 2 years.ResultsOf 101 participants, 26 achieved A1c <6.0% at 2 years. At baseline, these individuals had lower A1c and fasting glucose than the other participants, along with better beta‐cell function. During maintenance therapy from 3 weeks to 2 years, they had greater reduction of adiposity (body mass index: p = 0.02; waist circumference: p = 0.02), hepatic insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR: p = 0.02) and ALT (p = 0.005), coupled with relative stabilisation of beta‐cell function and glycaemia. On logistic regression analyses, significant independent predictors of normalisation of A1c at 2 years were baseline A1c (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.01 [95% CI 0.001–0.16], p = 0.001) and the changes in waist circumference (aOR = 0.77 [0.63–0.94], p = 0.012) and ALT (aOR = 0.90 [0.82–0.98], p = 0.019) during maintenance therapy from 3 weeks to 2 years.ConclusionsWhile lower baseline A1c and greater reduction in central adiposity predicted A1c <6.0% at 2 years as anticipated, the emergence of greater reduction in ALT as a concomitant determinant highlights the role of the liver in the achievement of sustained glycaemic normalisation.
Multimodality Imaging for Transcatheter Tricuspid Regurgitation Interventions: Novel Approaches to the Forgotten Valve
Authors: Coraducci Francesca , Barbarossa Alessandro , Lofiego Carla , Vagnarelli Fabio , Schicchi Nicolo , Fogante Marco , Piva Tommaso , Capestro Filippo , Casella Michela , Di Eusanio Marco , Guerra Federico , Dello Russo Antonio 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTTricuspid regurgitation (TR) poses a significant healthcare burden and is a major concern for patients who experience debilitating symptoms and face a poorer prognosis. Cardiologists are showing renewed interest in TR, as the previous belief that it was merely a bystander of left‐sided heart disease has evolved. As a result, more transcatheter techniques addressing TR are emerging. Although a clear impact on mortality from these transcatheter tricuspid valve interventions (TTVI) has not yet been demonstrated, the improvement in symptoms and quality of life for patients is substantial, leading to increased use of these procedures in clinical practice. In this review, we focus on multimodality imaging as an essential tool for quantifying TR severity, assessing right ventricular (RV) function, understanding the underlying mechanisms, selecting the appropriate intervention, and ensuring thorough and accurate preprocedural planning to minimize complications.
Soil pH: Techniques, challenges and insights from a global dataset
Authors: Mosley Luke M. , Rengasamy Pichu , Fitzpatrick Rob 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSoil pH is a critical parameter influencing numerous soil properties including nutrient cycling, microbial activity, inorganic carbon and metal speciation and criteria for classifying acid sulfate soils and soils with reactive aluminium (Podzols and Andosols). Accurate measurement of soil pH is essential for effective soil assessment, management and crop production. This review of soil pH focuses on techniques and challenges for measurement and utilises insights from a comprehensive global soil dataset (n = 655,336). Soil pH has a global average of 6.36 with considerable regional variability. A Random Forest model of the global dataset identified total carbonate content, rainfall, evaporation, clay and organic carbon content as key drivers of soil pH (R2 = 0.77, mean absolute error = 0.46 pH units). The advantages and limitations of various soil pH measurement methods (e.g., glass and solid‐state electrodes, colorimetric and spectrophotometric methods, infrared spectroscopy, remote sensing and specialised field assessment methods) are discussed. Care should be taken in choosing appropriate pH measurement techniques depending on the purpose of the measurement and nature of the soils. The use of electrolytes (e.g., CaCl2 and KCl) introduces variable changes in measured pH and, on average globally, pH measured in a 1:5 soil:0.01 M CaCl2 extract is ~0.7 pH units lower than that measured in a 1:5 soil suspension. Although the use of electrolytes can help stabilise pH measurements in low ionic strength soils, their use requires careful consideration, as they do not eliminate all seasonal variability (which may also be important to assess) and they can introduce large pH perturbations in sodic‐alkaline and acid sulfate soils. Varying soil‐to‐solution ratios have less influence on resultant pH values than electrolytes however the measurements at low soil‐to‐solution ratios (e.g., 1:1 soil:water) are preferable for accuracy. Perturbations from field pH conditions due to CO2 outgassing and oxidation are likely when wet soils, acid sulfate soils and/or sub‐soils are measured in the laboratory. These findings underscore the need for improved field measurement technology and further research on the measurement protocols to ensure accurate and reliable soil pH data, which are crucial for optimising agricultural practices and environmental management.
Intelligent Crack Detection in Infrastructure Using Computer Vision at the Edge
Authors: Rizia Mst. Mousumi , Reyes‐Munoz Julio A. , Ortega Angel G. , Choudhuri Ahsan , Flores‐Abad Angel 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTTo fulfil the demands of the industry in autonomous intelligent inspection, innovative frameworks that allow Convolutional Neural Networks to run at the edge in real‐time are required. This paper proposes an end‐to‐end approach and system to enable crack detection onboard a customised embedded system. In order to make possible the deployment and execution on edge, this work develops a dataset by combining new and existing images, it introduces a quantization approach that includes inference optimization, memory reuse, and freezing layers. Real‐time, onsite results from aerial and hand‐held setup images of industrial environments show that the system is capable of identifying and localiszing cracks within the field of view of the camera with a mean average precision (mAP) of 98.44% and at ~2.5 frames per second with real‐time inference. Therefore, it is evidenced that, despite using a full model, the introduced model customization improved the mAP by ~8% with respect to lighter state‐of‐the‐art models, and the quantization technique led to a model inference two times faster. The proposed intelligent and autonomous approach advances common offline inspection techniques to enable on‐site, artificial intelligence‐based inspection systems, which also aid in reducing human errors and enhance safety conditions by automatically performing defect‐recognition in tight and difficult‐to‐reach spots.
Flame‐impingement‐induced superhydrophilicity of soda‐lime‐silica glass surface
Authors: Roy Barsheek , Schmidt Anne , Rosin Andreas , Gerdes Thorsten 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe importance of superhydrophilicity of glass surfaces lies in their self‐cleaning abilities. The need for antifogging characteristics of soda‐lime‐silica (SLS‐) based window glasses requires feasible solutions. Superhydrophilicity is generally achieved by textured surfaces with suitable features or any chemical modification including thin films. Fabrication of textured surfaces usually involves sophisticated facilities that are often expensive. This paper reveals a novel approach to achieving superhydrophilic SLS surfaces by flame‐impingement. The chemical energy of methane gas was converted into thermal energy by a flame torch to reach temperatures just above the softening point of SLS glass. The glass surface was exposed to the flame at a distance of around 100 mm for 10 s. The surface was transformed into a superhydrophilic state with a static contact angle of nearly zero after the treatment. This property was remarkably retained on exposure of the surface to the ambient atmosphere for 3 years of aging. The subsurface structural modifications accountable for the alteration in wetting behavior by the influence of flame‐impingement were investigated. High‐resolution X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy of the O1s spectral line evidenced the repolymerization of vicinal silanols into bridging oxygens (BOs), accompanied by the loss of hydrous species (SiOH/H2O) in the near‐surface region. The repolymerized BOs acted as adsorption sites of water molecules to promote superhydrophilicity. Atomic force microscopy exhibited the conversion of an open silica tetrahedral network with nonbridging oxygens into closed rings. The high surface energy of the residual surface nanostructure at the solid/vapor interface was accountable for the superhydrophilicity.
Characteristics of Nurse Managers’ Conflict Management Competency. A Systematic Review
Authors: González‐García Alberto , Pinto‐Carral Arrate , Marqués‐Sánchez Pilar , Quiroga‐Sánchez Enedina , Bermejo‐Martínez David , Pérez‐González Silvia 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAim(s)To identify and describe the characteristics that constitute a nurse manager's conflict management competency.DesignThis study is a systematic review conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024542605).Data SourcesA systematic search was conducted in Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed databases, covering literature published from 1 January 2014 to 1 April 2024.ResultsThis review included 14 studies selected from an initial pool of 86 records. From the included articles, 71 characteristics associated with nurse manager conflict management competency were identified and categorised into seven distinct characteristics: Collaborative resolution (19.72%), collaborative support (18.31%), balanced compromise (14.08%), conflict avoidance (14.08%), supportive accommodation (14.08%), assertive dominance (12.68%) and leadership and resilience in conflict management (7.04%). The most frequent conflicts were interpersonal conflicts (22.22%), resource allocation issues (20.00%) and conflicts between personal values and organisational goals (17.78%).ConclusionsThis review highlights the importance of developing characteristics, such as collaborative resolution, collaborative support and balanced compromise, for effective conflict management by nurse managers. Addressing interpersonal conflicts and aligning personal values with organisational goals is essential for maintaining team cohesion and reducing stress. Ethical leadership and emotional intelligence are crucial for managing conflicts and improving the work environment. Forward‐looking healthcare organisations should prioritise the development of conflict management competencies to create healthy and efficient work environments capable of facing disruptive changes, such as those brought about by artificial intelligence.ImpactThe characterisation of conflict management competency allows the creation of simulated scenarios that are free of associated risks. Additionally, the findings facilitate a comprehensive analysis of how conflict management competency influences leadership competency and ethical principles in nursing teams. This is particularly relevant in the context of profound and disruptive change.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public involvement.
Learning Programming With Augmented Reality‐Based Editor: A Dynamic Code Visualisation Approach
Authors: Aydin Merve , Çakiroğlu Ünal 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundStudents experience higher‐order thinking skills by finding ways to solve the problem, debugging errors while applying the solution, and testing the solution in programming. However, the inability to create schemas that will characterise programming structures is one of the difficulties during this process.ObjectivesThis study aimed to create an augmented reality‐based programming editor and evaluate its contributions to learning programming. Text‐based programming codes developed by the students on the editor were instantly visualised through a traffic metaphor in dynamic visualisation via augmented reality. The findings of this study highlight the significance of a novel usage of augmented reality in shaping cognitive processes during the programming learning process.MethodsAn exploratory case study was adopted in the study. Participants voluntarily selected 15 students in the same secondary school's 4th and 5th grades. The data to determine the programming performances were collected via a programming performance test and analysed with the rubric created by the authors. Interviews and screen recordings were employed to determine the factors that had a role in the programming learning process.Results and ConclusionsThe results indicated that teaching programming using the augmented reality‐based editor has positively contributed to learning programming. The editor's scenario, animation, and error display features incorporated with an authentic dynamic visualisation were remarkable in this contribution. The editor also contributed to reducing students' efforts to create schemas for programming by bringing the context closer to reality throughout the programming process.
BMP10 Knockdown Modulates Endothelial Cell Immunoreactivity by Inhibiting the HIF‐1α Pathway in the Sepsis‐Induced Myocardial Injury
Authors: Guan Huan , Fang Jingyun 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTSepsis is a life‐threatening syndrome triggered by a cascade of dysregulated immune responses. Sepsis‐induced myocardial injury (SIMI) substantially impacts the survival time of septic patients. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathology of SIMI remain unclear. Immune‐related differentially expressed genes in SIMI were identified through RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. The expression levels of hub genes were detected using reverse transcription quantitative PCR. BMP10 was knocked down in the lipopolysaccharide‐induced mouse and cardiac microvascular endothelial cell (CMEC) models, and its functions were assessed by a series of in vitro and in vivo assays. Cell adhesion and HIF‐1 pathway‐associated protein expressions were measured by western blot. Fenbendazole‐d3 was used to investigate whether BMP10 influenced SIMI development by modulating the HIF‐1 pathway. Six key genes were screened, of which BMP10, HAMP, TRIM5, and MLANA were highly expressed, and PTPRN2 and AVP were lowly expressed. BMP10 knockdown ameliorated histopathological changes and inhibited apoptosis and CMEC immune infiltration in SIMI. BMP10 knockdown reduced inflammatory factor (IL‐6, MCP‐1, IFN‐β, and CCL11) levels and protein expressions of cell adhesion‐related molecules (VCAM‐1 and ICAM‐1). Mechanistically, the HIF‐1 pathway agonist, Fenbendazole‐d3, significantly reversed the inhibitory effects of BMP10 knockdown on SIMI in vitro, indicating that BMP10 knockdown impeded the development of SIMI by suppressing the HIF‐1α pathway. BMP10 knockdown blocks SIMI progression by inhibiting the HIF‐1α pathway, which provides a new potential therapeutic strategy for SIMI treatment.