bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Potential of Ganoderma Lucidum as Antimicrobial Agent for Multidrug- Resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Authors: Erawati Meira , Andriany Megah , Kusumaningrum Niken Safitri Dyan 
Published: February 2018

Background:
The problem of bacterial resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis should be solved
by seeking for alternative substances that potentially inhibit the growth or kill the bacteria. Ganoderma lucidum
is one type of fungus which is potential to be an antimicrobial agent. This study aimed to determine the potential
of G. lucidum on inhibiting the growth of multidrug-resistant bacteria of M. tuberculosis in vitro.

Methods:
This study used a solid dilution method to test the extract of G. lucidum as an antibacterial agent.

Results and Conclusion:
Results showed that all strains of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-Tb) gave
similar responses to G. lucidum extract at various concentrations. The bacteria did not grow on the medium
containing G. lucidum extract at the smallest concentration of 12.5%, as well as concentrations of 25% and
50%. Ganoderma lucidum can be used as one of the alternatives for MDR-Tb drugs in the future.
Formulasi dan Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Streptococcus mutans dari Sediaan Mouthwash Ekstrak Daun Jambu Biji (Psidium guajava L.)
Authors: Handayani Fitri , Sundu Reksi , Sari Ria Mareta 
Published: February 2018

Guava leaves have been used as antidiarrhea, antioxidant, aniinflamation, and antimicrobial. The results of its preliminary phytochemical analysis showed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, steroids and saponins. This leaves also contain essential oil such as sineol. Utilization of guava leaves as a mouthwash preparation is an alternative to replace the mouthwash preparations which generally contain antiseptic form of alcohol that can lead to oral cancer. This experiment formulated the extract of guava leaves into mouthwash that fulfill the physical requirements and determine the differences of antimicrobial activity against the growth of Streptococcus mutans with concentration of extract : 2,5 %; 3% and 3,5 %. Antibacterial acivity test was using MHA media with agar diffusion method. Physical requirement test included organoleptic, pH and viscosity test. The result showed that the mouthwash preparation of guava leaves extract has a pH value outside the range of the optimum growth of bacteria (pH=5). The viscosity of the mouthwash was 1,328-1,347 cP. The antibacterial activity of Streptococcus mutans on F1 has inhibition zone of 3,15 mm, F2 (3,83 mm) and F3 (4,32 mm). It was concluded that the extract of guava leaves on concentrations of 2,5%; 3% and 3,5% can be formulated as mouthwashes. The mouthwash fulfilled the physical requirement test such as pH, viscosity and organoleptic test and can inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans.
Uji Efek Ekstrak Etanol Daun Sukun (Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson Ex F.A.Zorn) Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Glukosa Darah, Kolesterol Total Dan Gambaran Histopatologi Pankreas Tikus Putih Jantan (Rattus norvegicus) Hiperkolesterolemia-Diabetes
Authors: Tandi Joni , Rizky Moh , Mariani Rio , Alan Fajar 
Published: February 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek serta dosis efektif ekstrak daun sukun dalam menurunkan kadar glukosa darah, kolesterol total dan gambaran histopatologi pangkreas pada hewan uji tikus putih jantan model hiperkolesterolemia-diabetes yang diinduksi pakan tinggi lemak dan streptozotocin. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan 35 ekor hewan uji yang dikelompokkan dalam 7 kelompok dengan perlakuan yaitu kelompok kontrol normal, kontrol negatif, kontrol positif metformin, kelompok positif sinvastatindan 3 kelompok uji dengan variasi dosis ekstrak masing-masing 100 mg/KgBB, 200 mg/KgBB, dan 400 mg/KgBB. Pengukuran kadar glukosa darah dan kadar olesterol dilakukan pada hari ke 0, 35, 42, dan 49 setelah diberi perlakuan. Data kadar glukosa darah dan kolesterol total yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan uji one way ANOVA pada taraf kepercayaan 95% dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Post Hoc LSD, dan data hasil skoring tingkat kerusakan pankreas dianalisis dengan uji Kruskal-Wallis dilanjutkan dengan uji Mann-Whitney untuk melihat perbedaan antar perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat senyawa metabolit sekunder pada ekstrak etanol sukun, ekstrak daun sukun dengan dosis efektif 200 mg/kgBB memiliki efek terhadap kadar glukosa darah dan kadar kolesterol total, dosis 400 mg/kgBB regenerasi jaringan pankreas tikus.
Aktivitas Antibakteri dan Bioautografi Ekstrak Etanol, Fraksi Non Polar, Semipolar Serta Polar Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata L.) terhadap Klebsiella pneumoniae dan Staphylococcus epidermidis
Authors: Haryoto Haryoto , Jayanti Yuliana Dwi , Saputro Henggar Prasetyo Wikan , Kosworo Kosworo 
Published: February 2018

Penyakit infeksi masih merupakan penyakit utama dan penyebab kematian tertinggi di Indonesia. Salah satu tanaman yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai obat adalah tumbuhan sirsak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Kadar Hambat Minimum (KHM) ekstrak etanol, fraksi nonpolar, semipolar dan polar daun sirsak (Annona muricata L.) terhadap Klebsiella pneumoniae dan Staphylococcus epidermidis serta golongan senyawa kimianya yang mempunyai aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Klebsiella pneumoniae dan Staphylococcus epidermidis. Daun sirsak diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan etanol 96%. Uji aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan menggunakan metode dilusi padat. Untuk mengetahui kandungan senyawa dari ekstrak etanol daun sirsak dilakukan uji Kromatografi Lapis Tipis. Bioautografi dilakukan untuk mengetahui kandungan senyawa yang terdapat dalam ekstrak etanol daun sirsak yang berkhasiat sebagai antibakteri yang ditunjukkan dengan adanya zona jernih pada media yang telah diinokulasi bakteri dan ditempeli plat KLT hasil elusi ekstrak etanol daun sirsak. Uji Kromatografi Lapis Tipis menggunakan fase diam silika gel GF254 dan fase gerak heksan:etil asetat (7:3). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun sirsak, fraksi nonpolar, semipolar dan polar mempunyai aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Klebsiella pneumoniae dan Staphylococcus epidermidis dengan KHM berturut-turut sebesar 2,5% 3%; 3,5%; 4% dan 4,5% b/v. Hasil KLT menunjukkan bahwa golongan senyawa yang terkandung dalam ekstrak etanol daun sirsak adalah polifenol, antron, antranol, triterpenoid saponin, dan steroid saponin. Golongan senyawa dari ekstrak tersebut yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Klebsiella pneumonia adalah senyawa golongan saponin, polifenol, dan antakinon. Sedangkan Golongan senyawa dari ekstrak tersebut yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus epidermidis adalah senyawa golongan polifenol dan antrakinon.
Proses Emulsifikasi dan Pengeringan Pasta Campuran Sumber Asam Folat Alami dan Identifikasinya Dalam Perolehan Serbuk Suplemen Untuk Wanita Hamil
Authors: Susilowati Agustine , Lotulung Puspa Dewi , Maryati Yati 
Published: February 2018

Serbuk campuran tempe kacang hijau (P. radiatus), brokoli (Brassica oleracea) terfermentasi dan nikstamal jagung putih jenis gigi kuda (Zea mays identata) masing-masing diperoleh melalui fermentasi oleh R. oligosporus strain C1, fermentasi oleh kultur kombucha dan nikstamalisasi menggunakan Ca(OH)2 adalah kekinian suplemen asam folat alami untuk wanita hamil. Perolehan asam folat sebagai suplemen dilakukan melalui emulsifikasi dengan homogenisasi pada kecepatan putar berturut-turut 0, 8000, 9500, 13500 dan 20500 rpm selama 30 menit dengan penambahan gelatin pada konsentrasi berturut-turut 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 dan 5% (b/b) selanjutnya dikeringkan selama 24 jam pada suhu 50°C dan kapsulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi kecepatan putar homogenizer dan konsentrasi gelatin, akan meningkatkan asam folat , protein terlarut dan total padatan namun menurunkan total gula dan gula reduksi sampai dicapai optimisasi diikuti penurunan komponen serbuk suplemen. Perlakuan optimum berdasarkan asam folat terbaik dicapai pada kombinasi perlakuan konsentrasi 3% gelatin dengan kecepatan putar 9500 rpm selama 30 menit yang menghasilkan suplemen dengan komposisi asam folat 374,29 µg/mL, protein terlarut 6,30 mg/mL, total gula 16.64 µg/mL , gula reduksi 744,70 mg/mL dan total padatan 91,12%. Idensifikasi asam folat pada kondisi optimum diperoleh 2 peak dengan waktu retensi masing-masing T 1,9 dan T 2,2 yang didominasi monomer asam folat berberat molekul (M+1) masing-masing 442,96 dan 442,74 Da. dengan intesitas relatif masing-masing 4,47 dan 3,29%.
Traditional Medicine Use in the Dunedin Pacific Community in New Zealand
Authors: Wilson Evan , Grant Ben , Tobin-Stickings Rosa , Lewthwaite Hanneke , Franklin Gina , Oh Sarah , Guan Simon , Borowsky Thomas , Thwaites Kirsty , Leaper Timothy , Lee Jun , Susan Jack , Sopoaga Faafetai 
Published: February 2018

Background: Traditional medicine (TM) has been practiced in the Pacific islands over many years, and Pacific peoples continue to use TM after migrating to New Zealand (NZ). There is limited published literature on Pacific TM use in NZ. This study explores the views, use of, and access to TM of Pacific Peoples living in Dunedin, NZ. The information provides a valuable contribution in an important area where there is a paucity of information, and will also inform content development for the Pacific health curriculum for health professional courses at the University of Otago.
Methods: Cultural processes were used to inform and guide the recruitment of participants and data collection phases. Four focus groups were conducted with 15 Pacific Island community members. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed using an inductive approach to identify main themes.
Results: Three main themes emerged from the data: Firstly, perspectives of TM from Pacific peoples, was varied and included the importance of spirituality, the environment and inherited knowledge. Secondly, the use of TM which incorporated plants, massage, diet, family togetherness and other forms of healing. Reasons for the use and differences in uptake between groups were also identified. The last main theme identified was barriers in accessing TM, that included the scarcity of traditional healers, resources, and cost.
Conclusion: The findings suggest Pacific peoples’ perspectives of TM encompassed a wide spectrum of views, knowledge and techniques. There were identified barriers in access and substitution where traditional ingredients were not available. Some expressed concern that TM use may decline due to loss of exposure and availability of resources. Other challenges are fewer traditional healers and relevant plants in New Zealand. Assisting Western health professionals to engender discussion and openness to TM use in Pacific Peoples is likely to support patient care.
La Faculté de théologie protestante de Montauban (1890-1905) : crises et transitions
Authors: Vidal Gilles 
Published: February 2018

En se penchant sur l’histoire de la Faculté de théologie protestante de Montauban, transférée en 1919 à Montpellier, l’hypothèse de départ de Gilles Vidal faisait de la promulgation de la Loi du 9 décembre 1905 concernant la séparation des Églises et de l’État une rupture signifiante, et donc un repère commode dans une tentative de périodisation de l’histoire de cette institution : on aurait un avant et un après puisque le statut de l’établissement passait de Faculté d’État intégrée à l’université de Toulouse à celui de Faculté libre 1 . En travaillant sur la composition du corps professoral ainsi que sur l’évolution du nombre d’étudiants, l’auteur s’aperçoit cependant assez vite que la césure, ou plus exactement les césures, ne se situent pas forcément et surtout uniquement à cet endroit qui a marqué si intensément la conscience historique du pays. L’étude de l’occupation des différentes chaires fait assez nettement apparaître trois phases de transition dans l’histoire de la Faculté : la première autour des années 1890, la deuxième en 1905-1906, la troisième en 1919. Seules les deux premières sont traitées dans le cadre restreint de cet article.
Complexité et perception des effets socioéconomiques de l’Entrepreneuriat Social : Cas des entreprises sociales au sud du Maroc
Authors: Majdouline Ilias , Elbaz Jamal 
Published: February 2018

L’entrepreneuriat social (ES) est un concept émergent qui a suscité l’intérêt aussi bien des chercheurs que des décideurs et des porteurs de projets. Malgré l’abondance des travaux traitant la thématique d’ES, très peu de recherches ont analysé l’impact social et économique des entreprises d’ES (Pärenson, 2011 ; El Ebrashi, 2013 ; Jiao, 2011). L’objectif de cet article est d’explorer la perception des impacts socioéconomiques de l’ES par les entrepreneurs au sein des entreprises sociales. Pour ce faire, nous avons réalisé une étude empirique sur les entreprises sociales au Sud du Maroc. Les résultats obtenus montrent une perception globalement positive des effets socioéconomiques des projets d’ES, ce qui confirme les travaux d’autres chercheurs dans le domaine.
The emergence of text-graphics conventions in a medical research journal: The Lancet 1823-2015
Authors: Rowley-Jolivet Elizabeth 
Published: February 2018

Les articles de recherche actuels en médecine contiennent un grand nombre d'images de divers types ainsi que d'autres éléments non verbaux (tableaux, statistiques). La présentation de tous ces éléments est régie par des conventions fortes : chaque élément est numéroté, comporte un titre et une légende, et il est relié au texte par des références intratextuelles. Les légendes, souvent très détaillées, confèrent à ces éléments une grande autonomie par rapport au texte. Cependant, la multimodalité actuelle des articles de recherche en médecine, et les conventions qui régissent l'interaction entre texte et éléments non verbaux, résultent d'un long processus : les premiers articles publiés dans les revues médicales se caractérisent par l'absence de tableaux, très peu d'images et une typologie visuelle très restreinte. L'absence de titres, de légendes, et de références intratextuelles imposaient une stratégie linéaire de lecture. L'objectif de la présente étude est de retracer l'émergence de ces conventions depuis 1823, date de la parution de la première revue médicale anglaise, The Lancet, jusqu'à nos jours, et de proposer des explications pour les évolutions constatées.
Statistical Results of an Analysis of the Physiotherapy Department in the Johannesburg Hospital
Authors: Steenkamp H. , Warren G. , Kruger P. , Boghosi G. 
Published: February 2018

The health services environment in South Africa has changed dramatically during the past five years especially for state-funded hospitals in the public sector. At the Johannesburg Hospital the admission of chronic patients has increased considerably over the past five years, thus increasing the workload for the physiotherapists. In spite of the increased workload of physiotherapists the staff complement of the Physiotherapy Department has decreased from forty-one to eighteen staff members due to severe budget constraints. The radical cuts to the staffing structure prompted this investigation. This article describes the results obtained from statistical analyses of time sheets completed by the staff over a six-month period to determine whether the staff complement was adequate. The approach followed with the statistical analysis was to use confidence intervals to compare the standard treatment times with the actual treatment times. Hypothesis testing was used to determine whether it would be possible to standardise treatment times for similar treatments in different treatment areas. The required capacity was calculatedbased on the amount of time spent on direct patient care by the physiotherapists during the six-month period.
Simultaneous Acute Femoral Deformity Correction and Gradual Limb Lengthening Using a Retrograde Femoral Nail: Technique and Clinical Results
Authors: Iobst Christopher A. , Rozbruch S. Robert , Nelson Scott , Fragomen Austin 
Published: February 2018

Introduction:
Patients with limb-length discrepancies often have concomitant deformity. We describe the outcomes of acute, fixator-assisted deformity correction with gradual lengthening using the retrograde femoral Precice nail (NuVasive).

Methods:
We analyzed a retrospective series of 27 patients in whom an external fixator was combined with a Precice nail to correct angular or rotational deformity and limb-length discrepancy. The fixator was applied temporarily to restore normal alignment. The Precice nail was inserted and locked in place to hold the correction, with gradual restoration of limb length.

Results:
The 27 patients (mean age, 28 years) had a mean follow-up of 13 months. Secondary deformities were mainly valgus (15 patients) and varus (10 patients). Postoperatively, 93% of patients had correction of limb length to within 3 mm of the discrepancy (mean lengthening, 30 mm). Mechanical axis deviation was corrected to within 8 mm of neutral (ie, zero) in 81% of patients. The mechanical lateral distal femoral angle was corrected to a mean of 88° postoperatively. Final Association for the Study and Application of Methods of Ilizarov (ASAMI)–Paley scores were excellent for 96% of patients.

Discussion:
The use of intramedullary lengthening nails has revolutionized the field of limb lengthening. The results of our study show that a retrograde femoral Precice nail can be used safely and accurately to correct both limb-length discrepancy and deformity with minimal complications. The benefits of using this implant include the ability to maintain knee range of motion during the lengthening process. Rapid bone healing allows a relatively fast return to weight-bearing ambulation.

Conclusions:
The Precice nail was effectively used to correct both limb-length discrepancy and deformity, with excellent overall outcomes. This surgical technique may help avoid the complications that can occur with prolonged postoperative use of an external fixator.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV retrospective study
Elimination of Preoperative Flexion Contracture as a Contraindication for Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Purcell Richard L. , Cody John P. , Ammeen Deborah J. , Goyal Nitin , Engh Gerard A. 
Published: February 2018

Introduction:
Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is an effective alternative to total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for the management of unicondylar osteoarthritis. Historical contraindications limit patients’ eligibility for UKA. However, recent reports have suggested that some contraindications may not be absolute. This study evaluates preoperative flexion contracture with regard to UKA.

Methods:
This study was a retrospective review of 53 patients with preoperative flexion contracture between 11° and 20° who underwent fixed-bearing UKA and a matched cohort of 53 patients who underwent cruciate-retaining TKA.

Results:
Preoperatively, the average flexion contracture was 13.8° in the UKA group and 14.1° in the TKA group (P = 0.42). Mean preoperative motion was greater in the patients treated with UKA (106°) than in those treated with TKA (97°; P < 0.001). Postoperatively, patients who underwent UKA had greater motion than patients who underwent TKA had (121° versus 113°; P < 0.01). Residual flexion contracture was greater in the UKA group (4.1°) than in the TKA group (2.1°; P = 0.02). The two groups demonstrated similar improvements in Knee Society clinical scores (P = 0.32). However, patients treated with UKA demonstrated higher Knee Society functional scores, compared with patients treated with TKA (86 versus 75; P = 0.03).

Discussion:
Although residual flexion contracture was worse after UKA, this group had similar clinical improvement, greater postoperative motion, and greater function scores, compared with the matched TKA group. Preoperative flexion contracture >5° may not be an absolute contraindication to UKA.

Conclusion:
The contraindications to UKA regarding flexion contracture may not be as absolute as previously thought. Larger, prospective studies are needed to generalize these findings to a wider population.
People in the News
Authors: Galloway Ann-Christe 
Published: February 2018

Linda ZellmerRobert McInnesSarah CarterRobert CorrellEmily FrankSarah HooverHayley JohnsonJessica KirschnerMaria KoshuteMegan LounsberryKelly Durkin RuthSara SchumacherNick SkaggsMelissa SmithKate ThornhillScott ZieglerAnne BeaubienBee Gallegos
Apuntes sobre el ceremonial de nombramiento de Franco como jefe del estado
Authors: Pino Abad Miguel 
Published: February 2018

Desde que se produjo el Alzamiento militar el 18 de julio de 1936 y hasta que transcurrieron varias semanas, los generales que lo apoyaron no tenían claro si lo más recomendable era instaurar o no la unificación del mando militar, como forma de conseguir una mejor estrategia en la victoria de la guerra civil recién comenzada. Fue el 21 de septiembre cuando se adoptó la decisión de encomendar la jefatura del Ejército a un solo general, Francisco Franco, quien se convirtió en “generalísimo de las fuerzas nacionales de tierra, mar y aire y general jefe de los ejércitos de operaciones”. A partir de ese instante, quedaba por concretar las atribuciones que llevaría anexas el cargo de “generalísimo”. Tras diversas discusiones, Franco se hizo cargo de la Jefatura del Estado el 1 de octubre en la Capitanía General de Burgos, en una ceremonia en la que el presidente de la Junta de Defensa Nacional procedió a transmitirle los poderes. En la presente comunicación se trata de analizar los pormenores de tal ceremonia, las primeras palabras de Franco como flamante Jefe del Estado y la repercusión que todo ello tuvo en la prensa de la época. Since the military uprising occurred on July 18, 1936 and until several weeks passed, the generals who supported him were unclear if it was more advisable to establish whether or not the unification of the military command, as a way of getting a better strategy the victory of the civil war has just begun. It was on September 21 when the decision to entrust the leadership of the army to a single general, Francisco Franco, who became "generalissimo of the national forces of land, sea and air and commanding general of the armies of operations" was adopted. From that moment, it remained to realize the powers attached lead the charge of "generalissimo". After several discussions, Franco took over the presidency on 1 October in the Captaincy General of Burgos, in a ceremony in which the president of the National Defense Council proceeded to transmit the power. In this communication it is to analyze the details of this ceremony, the first words of Franco as head of state brand and the impact all this had on the press of the time.