bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creation of a Robust and Generalizable Machine Learning Classifier for Patient Ventilator Asynchrony
Authors: Rehm Gregory , Han Jinyoung , Kuhn Brooks , Delplanque Jean-Pierre , Anderson Nicholas , Adams Jason , Chuah Chen-Nee 
Published: September 2018

Summary
Background: As healthcare increasingly digitizes, streaming waveform data is being made available from an variety of sources, but there still remains a paucity of performant clinical decision support systems. For example, in the intensive care unit (ICU) existing automated alarm systems typically rely on simple thresholding that result in frequent false positives. Recurrent false positive alerts create distrust of alarm mechanisms that can be directly detrimental to patient health. To improve patient care in the ICU, we need alert systems that are both pervasive, and accurate so as to be informative and trusted by providers.
Objective: We aimed to develop a machine learning-based classifier to detect abnormal waveform events using the use case of mechanical ventilation waveform analysis, and the detection of harmful forms of ventilation delivery to patients. We specifically focused on detecting injurious subtypes of patient-ventilator asynchrony (PVA).
Methods: Using a dataset of breaths recorded from 35 different patients, we used machine learning to create computational models to automatically detect, and classify two types of injurious PVA, double trigger asynchrony (DTA), breath stacking asynchrony (BSA). We examined the use of synthetic minority over-sampling technique (SMOTE) to overcome class imbalance problems, varied methods for feature selection, and use of ensemble methods to optimize the performance of our model.
Results: We created an ensemble classifier that is able to accurately detect DTA at a sensitivity/specificity of 0.960/0.975, BSA at sensitivity/specificity of 0.944/0.987, and non-PVA events at sensitivity/specificity of .967/.980.
Conclusions: Our results suggest that it is possible to create a high-performing machine learning-based model for detecting PVA in mechanical ventilator waveform data in spite of both intra-patient, and inter-patient variability in waveform patterns, and the presence of clinical artifacts like cough and suction procedures. Our work highlights the importance of addressing class imbalance in clinical data sets, and the combined use of statistical methods and expert knowledge in feature selection.
Radiation Hydrodynamics Simulations of Photoevaporation of Protoplanetary Disks. II. Metallicity Dependence of UV and X-Ray Photoevaporation
Authors: Nakatani Riouhei , Hosokawa Takashi , Yoshida Naoki , Nomura Hideko , Kuiper Rolf 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
We perform a suite of radiation hydrodynamics simulations of photoevaporating disks, varying the metallicity in a wide range of

. We follow the disk evolution for over ∼5000 years by solving hydrodynamics, radiative transfer, and nonequilibrium chemistry. Our chemistry model is updated from the first paper of this series by adding X-ray ionization and heating. We study the metallicity dependence of the disk photoevaporation rate and examine the importance of X-ray radiation. In the fiducial case with solar metallicity, including the X-ray effects does not significantly increase the photoevaporation rate when compared to the case with ultraviolet (UV) radiation only. At subsolar metallicities in the range of

, the photoevaporation rate increases as metallicity decreases owing to the reduced opacity of the disk medium. The result is consistent with the observational trend that disk lifetimes are shorter in low metallicity environments. In contrast, the photoevaporation rate decreases at even lower metallicities of

, because dust–gas collisional cooling remains efficient compared to far-UV photoelectric heating whose efficiency depends on metallicity. The net cooling in the interior of the disk suppresses the photoevaporation. However, adding X-ray radiation significantly increases the photoevaporation rate, especially at

. Although the X-ray radiation itself does not drive strong photoevaporative flows, X-rays penetrate deep into the neutral region in the disk, increase the ionization degree there, and reduce positive charges of grains. Consequently, the effect of photoelectric heating by far-UV radiation is strengthened by the X-rays and enhances the disk photoevaporation.
Augmentation of Human Monocyte Responses to Lipopolysaccharide by the Protein S and Mer/Tyro3 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Axis
Authors: Barth Nicole D. , Marwick John A. , Heeb Mary Jo , Gale Andrew J. , Rossi Adriano G. , Dransfield Ian 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Resolution of the inflammatory response requires coordinated regulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediator production, together with clearance of recruited inflammatory cells. Many different receptors have been implicated in phagocytosis of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis), including Mer, a receptor tyrosine kinase that can mediate recognition and subsequent internalization of apoptotic cells. In this manuscript, we examine the expression and function of the Tyro3/Axl/Mer (TAM) family of receptors by human monocytes. We demonstrate that the Mer ligand, protein S, binds to the surface of viable monocytes via phosphatidylserine-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Importantly, we have identified a novel role for receptor tyrosine kinase signaling in the augmentation of monocyte cytokine release in response to LPS. We propose that low-level phosphatidylserine exposure on the plasma membrane of viable monocytes allows protein S binding that leads to TAM-dependent augmentation of proinflammatory cytokine production. Our findings identify a potentially important role for TAM-mediated signaling during the initiation phase of inflammation.
Tolerancia al Fallo en Control Directo de Par con Vectores Virtuales de Tensión
Authors: García Entrambasaguas P. , Gonzále-Prieto I. , Durán M.J. , Bermúdez M. , Barrero F. 
Published: September 2018

<p>La fiabilidad es considerada una característica fundamental en algunos accionamientos eléctricos de velocidad variable. Es por ello que los sistemas multifásicos, que presentan una mayor tolerancia al fallo que los sistemas trifásicos convencionales, resultan una alternativa interesante para este tipo de aplicaciones. Esta mayor tolerancia al fallo es debida a su mayor número de grados de libertad, lo que se traduce en un aumento de su fiabilidad. En este artículo se presenta la aplicación de un control directo de par basado en vectores virtuales de tensión para una máquina de inducción de seis fases, considerando un fallo de fase abierta. La introducción de estos vectores virtuales permite reducir las pérdidas en el cobre debido a la reducción de las componentes x-y de corriente propias de los sistemas multifásicos. La implementación de la estrategia de control propuesta va a permitir tanto un incremento de la fiabilidad del accionamiento eléctrico como la disminución de las pérdidas debidas a las citadas componentes x-y. La bondad del método propuesto ha sido validada mediante resultados experimentales.</p>
Louis Austin and the Carolina Times
Authors: Gershenhorn Jerry 
Published: September 2018

Louis Austin (1898–1971) came of age at the nadir of the Jim Crow era and became a transformative leader of the long black freedom struggle in North Carolina. From 1927 to 1971, he published and edited the Carolina Times, the preeminent black newspaper in the state. He used the power of the press to voice the anger of black Carolinians, and to turn that anger into action in a forty-year crusade for freedom. In this biography, Jerry Gershenhorn chronicles Austin’s career as a journalist and activist, highlighting his work during the Great Depression, World War II, and the postwar civil rights movement. Austin helped pioneer radical tactics during the Depression, including antisegregation lawsuits, boycotts of segregated movie theatres and white-owned stores that refused to hire black workers, and African American voting rights campaigns based on political participation in the Democratic Party. In examining Austin’s life, Gershenhorn narrates the story of the long black freedom struggle in North Carolina from a new vantage point, shedding new light on the vitality of black protest and the black press in the twentieth century.
Imagining Institutional Care, Practicing Domestic Care: Inscriptions around Aging in Southern Ghana
Authors: Coe Cati 
Published: September 2018

Elder care has become a significant national conversation in Ghana due to urban and international migration, lower birth rates, family nuclearization, and longer life spans. In the rural towns of Ghana’s Eastern Region, new elder care practices and discourses are emerging. These age-inscriptions signal the agency of older persons, which is often neglected and overlooked. Discursively, older adults express curiosity about Western care facilities, a heterodox idea in relation to the orthodox position expressed by the Ghanaian government and NGOs which support kin care for older adults. Through this heterodox discourse, aged persons are able to critique the state and the church for not providing care and re-imagine a Western institution as fitting their locally constructed needs. On the other hand, pragmatically, aged persons and their children are adapting existing practices of adolescent fosterage to help provide elder care, a practice which is not discursively elaborated, and is therefore alterodox. Both age-inscriptions are less articulated than standardized discourses about the significance of adult children’s care, the orthodox position. This paper therefore illustrates how social change in norms occurs, through older people’s anxiety about their own aging, the use of their imagination, and their refashioning of existing care practices.
Mark Twain Explains the Trump Presidency: Mark Twain's Political Commentary Remains Relevant Today
Authors: Bliss Donald Tiffany 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Among the many reasons the often-quoted (and misquoted) Mark Twain remains such an important figure in American culture today is the continuing relevance of his commentary on American politics and public policy. Twain wrote in 1908, “History repeats itself; whatever has been the rule in history may be depended upon to be the rule.” The author does not, and will not, attempt to say what Twain might think or say about President Trump. That speculation is left to the reader, but what Twain had to say about American politics and governance helps explain how and why Trump was elected and offers guidance in critiquing his presidency.
Ornithorhyncus Platypus Extraordinariensis: Modernist Metafiction and the Assault on the Reader in Melville'sThe Confidence-Manand Twain'sThe Mysterious Stranger
Authors: Thompson G. R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMark Twain's No. 44, The Mysterious Stranger (ca. 1905, 1908, 1909) has striking similarities to Herman Melville's The Confidence-Man (1857). These two books mark the evolution of American modernism to an early form of postmodernism—most notably in their similarly complex treatments of novel and romance genres, the nature of identity, disrupted narrative techniques, metafictional elements, and speculation on the relation of fiction and reality. In both works, the presumption of a single unitary self is under assault, along with moral, religious, and existential concepts of selfhood. Melville's and Twain's criticisms of the concept of the single self not only recognize multiple selves in general, but also focus on author/reader mutual identities. Twain's book becomes an ironic indictment of any reader who reads it.
Is Satire Compatible with Free Speech?
Authors: Camfield Gregg 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT
Mark Twain was deeply interested in freedom of speech, and in particular, he was concerned about the utility of satire in furthering the benefits of free speech. A review of some of his commentary suggests that Twain's satire impedes the ability of free speech as a mode of exploration, while his humor—as a much more open-ended kind of expression—facilitates freedom of inquiry.
Comic Outbreaks and Scholastic Discontents
Authors: Michelson Bruce 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT
Responding to a set of six articles (developed from presentations at the 2017 Quadrennial Conference on the State of Mark Twain Studies), this article considers (1) the limitations of Philip Traum's pronouncements on the power of laughter, (2) comic discourse as moments of insurrection against habits and confinements of reason and logic, (3) our stubborn and poorly-grounded collective faith in the efficacy of satire, (4) the cumbersome history and connotations of basic vocabulary in the discussion of the comic, (5) the importance of context and contingency, and their loss or violation as comic utterance persists and migrates in cyberspace, (6) obliviousness to such matters in humor research, and (7) the importance of satiric insurrection in the cultural record, despite dubious impact in the historical moment.
Desafios da agricultura familiar em prol da produção agroecológica em Tangará da Serra –MT
Authors: Costa Regina Maria da , Alves Lima Aparecida de Fátima 
Published: September 2018

A produção agroecológica vem ao longo dos anos ganhando espaço nas pequenas propriedades. Tal fato se dá pelos diversos incentivos ocorridos em âmbito regional, estadual e nacional. Em âmbito regional, a Secretaria da Agricultura Pecuária e Abastecimento do município de Tangará da Serra (SEAPA) desenvolveram um projeto de Produção Agroecológica Integrada e Sustentável em uma unidade experimental e desejava testá-lo nas propriedades rurais locais. Em contrapartida um grupo de dez produtores da comunidade rural Vale do Sol I requereram junto a SEAPA um apoio para produzirem de forma diferenciada e aumentar a renda familiar. O objetivo da pesquisa consistiu em identificar os desafios a serem superados pelos produtores da comunidade rural Vale do Sol I em prol da produção agroecológica. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa com o apoio de entrevistas aplicada aos profissionais técnicos da SEAPA e aos produtores rurais. Como resultados, foi possível conhecer o sistema de produção vigente, os recursos físicos e monetários disponíveis, bem como a infraestrutura das unidades produtivas. A pesquisa sinaliza que a principal motivação dos produtores rurais à produção agroecológica consiste na busca do diferencial competitivo, com o lançamento de uma nova marca no mercado. Para iniciarem as atividades de mudanças no sistema de produção convencional para o agroecológico buscaram apoio e orientação junto aos técnicos agrícolas da prefeitura municipal, ao representante do Núcleo de Políticas para Economia solidária e professores universitários. A falta de água e do documento das terras são os principais empecilhos para captação de recursos para os investimentos necessários. Foram identificadas manifestações do trabalho coletivo, como alternativa para superar dificuldades de transporte e comercialização, embora a produção ainda ser individualizada. Apesar das dificuldades identificadas, conclui-se ser possível aos pequenos agricultores produzir de forma integrada e sustentável desde que sejam feitas as adequações recomendadas nas propriedades e que o trabalho coletivo seja formalizado em associação ou cooperativa. Como pesquisas futuras sugere-se que sejam realizados outros estudos na mesma comunidade a fim de verificar as adequações ocorridas nas propriedades bem como a aceitação do mercado local para o consumo de produtos agroecológico.
Evidence-Based Practice as a Driver of Pseudoscience in Prevention Research
Authors: Gorman Dennis M. 
Published: September 2018

Many of the subject matters discussed under the topic of pseudoscience can be readily distinguished from science proper, and there are few individuals with any serious scientific training who would mistake these for science-based disciplines. Harder to identify and distinguish are those disciplines that may have begun as a genuine science but have transformed into pseudosciences primarily through their pursuit of positive results. This chapter discusses one such example, drug prevention research, and contends that the adoption of so-called “evidence-based practice” by this field of study has been a key driver of its decent into pseudoscience. It discusses this process using a systems approach and focusses specifically on two negative feedback loops, one entailing flexible data analysis and selective reporting and one entailing minimal adherence to study design criteria. These lops are illustrated using examples of prevention and treatment programs that have been deemed “model” intervention by the National Registry of Evidence-based Programs and Practices (NREPP).
Get With the PROGRAM: A Guide to Compassionate Communication
Authors: Orsini Anthony J. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Despite growing interest in the importance of compassionate communication and patient experience, many physicians still feel unprepared when faced with delivering bad medical news. To address this need, few methods have been developed to offer physicians a structure for these conversations, with the goal of making the dialogues less traumatic for patients and families and less stressful for physicians. The PROGRAM method promotes compassionate communication to help physicians make a connection with their patients, which is central to improving health care quality. The objective of this article is to provide a systemic approach to structuring difficult dialogues with patients and their families.
Morphometric traits in the fine-leaved fescues depend on ploidy level: the case ofFestuca amethystinaL.
Authors: Rewicz Agnieszka , Tomczyk Przemysław Piotr , Kiedrzyński Marcin , Zielińska Katarzyna Maria , Jędrzejczyk Iwona , Rewers Monika , Kiedrzyńska Edyta , Rewicz Tomasz 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundPolyploid specimens are usually characterized by greater exuberance: they reach larger sizes and/or have a larger number of some organs.Festuca amethystinaL. belongs to the sectionAulaxyper. Based on morphological features, four subspecies ofF. amethystinahave been already identified. On the other hand, it has two cytotypes: diploid and tetraploid. The main aim of our study was to distinguish morphological differences between the cytotypes ofF. amethystina, assuming that its phenotype differs significantly.MethodsThe nuclear DNA content was measured by flow cytometry in dry leaves from specimens originating from 13 populations of F. amethystina. Several macrometric and micrometric traits of stems, spikelets and leaf blades were taken into account in the comparative analysis of two cytotypes.ResultsIn the case of cytotypes, specimens of tetraploids were larger than diploids. The conducted morphometric analysis of leaf cross-sections showed significant differences between the cytotypes.DiscussionThe research has confirmed for the first time that in the case ofF. amethystinathe principle of greater exuberance of polyploids is true. Differences between the cytotypes are statistically significant, however, they are not enough to make easy the distinction of cytotypes on the basis of the measurements themselves. Our findings favor the rule known inFestucataxonomy as a whole, i.e. that the ploidy level can be one of the main classification criteria.
Vibriosis in Fish: A Review on Disease Development and Prevention
Authors: Ina-Salwany M. Y. , Al-saari Nurhidayu , Mohamad Aslah , Mursidi Fathin-Amirah , Mohd-Aris Aslizah , Amal M. N. A. , Kasai Hisae , Mino Sayaka , Sawabe Tomoo , Zamri-Saad M. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Current growth in aquaculture production is parallel with the increasing number of disease outbreaks, which negatively affect the production, profitability, and sustainability of the global aquaculture industry. Vibriosis is among the most common diseases leading to massive mortality of cultured shrimp, fish, and shellfish in Asia. High incidence of vibriosis can occur in hatchery and grow-out facilities, but juveniles are more susceptible to the disease. Various factors, particularly the source of fish, environmental factors (including water quality and farm management), and the virulence factors of Vibrio, influence the occurrence of the disease. Affected fish show weariness, with necrosis of skin and appendages, leading to body malformation, slow growth, internal organ liquefaction, blindness, muscle opacity, and mortality. A combination of control measures, particularly a disease-free source of fish, biosecurity of the farm, improved water quality, and other preventive measures (e.g., vaccination) might be able to control the infection. Although some control measures are expensive and less practical, vaccination is effective, relatively cheap, and easily implemented. In this review, the latest knowledge on the pathogenesis and control of vibriosis, including vaccination, is discussed.
Evaluating the cerebral correlates of survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Ishaque Abdullah , Mah Dennell , Seres Peter , Luk Collin , Eurich Dean , Johnston Wendy , Yang Yee‐Hong , Kalra Sanjay 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate cerebral degenerative changes in ALS and their correlates with survival using 3D texture analysis.MethodsA total of 157 participants were included in this analysis from four neuroimaging studies. Voxel‐wise texture analysis on T1‐weighted brain magnetic resonance images (MRIs) was conducted between patients and controls. Patients were divided into long‐ and short‐survivors using the median survival of the cohort. Neuroanatomical differences between the two survival groups were also investigated.ResultsWhole‐brain analysis revealed significant changes in image texture (FDR P < 0.05) bilaterally in the motor cortex, corticospinal tract (CST), insula, basal ganglia, hippocampus, and frontal regions including subcortical white matter. The texture of the CST correlated (P < 0.05) with finger‐ and foot‐tapping rate, measures of upper motor neuron function. Patients with a survival below the media of 19.5 months demonstrated texture change (FDR P < 0.05) in the motor cortex, CST, basal ganglia, and the hippocampus, a distribution which corresponds to stage 4 of the distribution TDP‐43 pathology in ALS. Patients with longer survival exhibited texture changes restricted to motor regions, including the motor cortex and the CST.InterpretationWidespread gray and white matter pathology is evident in ALS, as revealed by texture analysis of conventional T1‐weighted MRI. Length of survival in patients with ALS is associated with the spatial extent of cerebral degeneration.