bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Burden of fungal infections in Iran
Authors: Hedayati Mohammad T , Tagizadeh Armaki Mojtaba , Yazdani Charati Jamshid , Hedayati Newsha , Seyedmousavi Seyedmojtaba , Denning David W 
Published: November 2018

Introduction: The number of fungal infections occurring each year in Iran is not known. As the burden of fungal disease is a measure used to assess and compare the relative impact of different type of fungal diseases on populations, we have estimated the burden of fungal diseases in Iran.
Methodology: We estimated the burden of human fungal diseases based on the specific populations at risk, existing epidemiological data in both local and international databases, and modelling previously described by the LIFE program (http://www.LIFE-worldwide.org).
Results: Among the population of Iran (79,926,270 in 2016), 6,670,813 (8.3%) individuals are estimated to suffer from a fungal infection each year. A total of 2,791,568 women aged between 15 and 50 years are estimated to suffer from recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis, annually. In addition, considering the 13.3% prevalence rate of tinea capitis in children, a total of 2,552,624 cases per year are estimated. The estimated burden of invasive aspergillosis in the 3 groups of patients with hematologic malignancy, lung cancer and chronic pulmonary obstructive disease was 6394 (8.0 per 100,000). The estimate for the burden of allergic disease related to fungi including allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, severe asthma with fungal sensitization and allergic fungal rhinosinusitis was 272,095 (340 per 100,000). Based on the 28,663 cases of HIV infection reported, an estimated 900 and 113 cases with pneumocystosis and cryptococcal meningitis are annually anticipated, respectively.
Conclusion: Our estimates indicate that the importance of fungal infections is high but overlooked in Iran, which warrants further actions by health care authorities.
Antibiotic consumption and healthcare-associated infections in a tertiary hospital in Belgrade, Serbia from 2011 to 2016
Authors: Perić Aneta , Dragojević-Simić Viktorija , Milenković Bojana , Vezmar Kovačević Sandra , Šuljagić Vesna 
Published: November 2018

Introduction: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and irrational use of antibiotics in healthcare settings are major global public health concerns. Surveillance of HAIs in intensive care units (ICU), surgical-site infections (SSIs), and Clostridium difficile infections (CDIs), together with implementation of antibiotic stewardship, are cornerstones of hospital infection prevention programs. The aim of this study was to evaluate antibiotic consumption, especially of broad spectrum antibiotics, in relation to HAI incidence density (ID).
Methodology: The study was conducted from 2011 to 2016 in a tertiary hospital, the Military Medical Academy (MMA), in Belgrade, Serbia. Through regular hospital surveillance we identified all patients with a new HAI. Data on consumption of antibacterials for systemic use were expressed as defined daily dose per 100 bed days (DDD/100 BD).
Results: The highest incidence density (ID) of HAI was observed among patients in surgical ICUs (47.2 per 1000 patient-days), while the highest incidence rate among SSI was 3.7%. Moreover, the highest ID of CDI in medical patients was 6.2 per 10,000 patient-days, while in surgical patients it was 4.3 per 10,000 patient-days. The most frequently used antibiotics were cephalosporins, aminoglycosides and carbapenems (16.0 ± 2.3, 4.8 ± 0.7, 4.3 ± 0.7 DDD/100 BD, respectively). There was no significant correlation between consumption of any groups of antibiotics and ID of CDI in medical and surgical patients.
Conclusion: The multidisciplinary healthcare team would have crucial importance in the implementation of the antibiotic stewardship program in order to decrease unnecessary exposures of patients treated in healthcare settings.
Parlons de Maisons
Authors: Carreiras Maria Antónia 
Published: November 2018

L’histoire de Maria, qui évoque pour l’auteur un poème de Herberto Helder, nous transporte vers la destructivité de la guerre et vers une souffrance impensable et indicible. La violence sociale qui s’est abattue sur le père de Maria a aboli les lieux et les fonctions psychiques et transsubjectives où cette souffrance aurait pu se constituer et acquérir une signification. Ainsi, le drame qu’il a vécu est demeuré en perpétuel défaut d’énonciation. Et Maria a pris contact avec un lieu du psychisme de son géniteur qui était vide, une maison inhabitée qui ne pouvait être maison. C’est à travers le travail thérapeutique qu’elle cherchera à « donner un contenant à ses contenus et [à] donner un contenu à son contenant » (Green), que les absents gagneront, peu à peu, corps et intériorité et le don d’une certaine parentalité psychique. La différentiation mentale progressive ainsi atteinte rendra possible d’enterrer les morts et de fixer un lieu pour les vivants, soit la construction et l’appropriation par Maria d’une maison et d’une langue habitées et habitables.
Soigner, accompagner, contenir
Authors: Moreau Ricaud Michelle , Mayeux Isabelle 
Published: November 2018

Le congrès de psychiatrie France-Amérique latine s’est tenu, à Paris, à l’occasion des manifestations pour le 150 e anniversaire du centre hospitalier Sainte-Anne. Témoignant de la richesse des échanges et des formations réciproques qui se poursuivent depuis plus d’un siècle entre ces deux rives de l’Atlantique, c’est sous l’angle soigner, accompagner, contenir que la vitalité des approches ainsi que les difficultés actuelles en psychiatrie ont été dépliées. Là ont pris place les travaux de figures majeures de la psychanalyse et de la psychiatrie, les apports des neurosciences, les créativités actuelles qui passent par la participation de l’entourage du patient à l’accompagnement thérapeutique. L’influence de la psychanalyse dans l’humanisation des soins et sa théorisation des psychoses, l’histoire de la psychiatrie sont toutefois restées discrètes. Les auteures invitent à se demander si celles-ci traverseront les changements actuels sans que la part subjective de l’être humain soit oubliée, y compris dans la formation des psychiatres, des soignants et des psychologues. Le caractère consensuel de la psychiatrie présenté lors de ce congrès s’est néanmoins fait porteur d’une promesse : celle de l’ouverture d’un débat étayé sur de rigoureuses théorisations des processus inclusifs des différentes conceptions du rapport nature-culture, notamment pour les soins maternels primaires, que l’approche du clinicien soit référée à la psychanalyse, à la psychiatrie et/ou aux neurosciences.
Using Digital Smart Board to Overcome Higher Order Thinking Skills Learning Difficulties in Data Handling among Primary School Students
Authors: Julius Elizabeth , Mun Soh Hon , Abdullah Abdul Halim , Mokhtar Mahani , Suhairom Nornazira 
Published: November 2018

Data Handling at primary school involves gathering and recording information and then presenting it in a way that is meaningful to others. It is a fundamental part of student's mathematical understanding. Initial concepts of Data Handling need to be exposed to students in the early years as these skills will be used and built upon throughout their education. Due to its importance, Data Handling is included in the curriculum at primary level in Malaysia. However results of international assessments which focused on the use of higher order thinking skills showed that Malaysian students performed poorly in Data Handling. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify students’ learning difficulties in Data Handling at each level of higher order thinking skills (HOTS) namely applying, analysing, evaluating and creating. In addition, this study also investigated the use of smart board in overcoming HOTS learning difficulties in Data Handling. Numerous teachers recommend the use of smart board at primary schools since students have the opportunity to explore and learn novel concepts using the technology. Subsequently, it helps to generate dynamic learning experiences and student in school become more motivated about learning when the smart board is used during their lessons. Four experienced year five mathematics teachers and thirty year five students from a primary school were involved in the study. The students and teachers were selected based on purposive sampling. An interview protocol and rubric for cognitive domain in HOTS were used during the data collection phase. In addition, semi-structured interview sessions with the teachers and students as well as document analysis of the students’ mathematics exercise sheets in Data Handling were carried out by the researcher to investigate the students’ learning difficulties at each level of HOTS in Data Handling. It is hoped that the results from this study can contribute towards development of strategies, methods or programs using smart board to enhance HOTS in Data Handling among primary school students in Malaysia.
Temperature-dependent transport measurements with Arduino
Authors: Hilberer A. , Laurent G. , Lorin A. , Partier A. , Bobroff J. , Bouquet F. , Even C. , Fischbach J. M. , Marrache-Kikuchi Claire Akiko , Monteverde M. , Pilett B. , Quay Q. 
Published: November 2018

The current performances of single-board microcontrollers render them attractive, not only for basic applications, but also for more elaborate projects, amongst which are physics teaching or research. In this article, we show how temperature-dependent transport measurements can be performed by using an Arduino board, from cryogenic temperatures up to room temperature or above. We focus on two of the main issues for this type of experiments: the determination of the sample temperature and the measurement of its resistance. We also detail two student-led experiments: evidencing the magnetocaloric effect in Gadolinium and measuring the resistive transition of a high critical temperature superconductor.
Received: 7 July 2018, Accepted: 27 September 2018; Edited by: A. Marti, M. Monteiro; Reviewed by: R. Marotti, Instituto de Física, Facultad de Ingeniería - Universidad de la República, Uruguay; DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4279/PIP.100007
Cite as: A Hilberer, G Laurent, A Lorin, A Partier, J Bobroff, F Bouquet, C Even, J M Fischbach, C A Marrache Kikuchi, M Monteverde, B Pilette, Q Quay, Papers in Physics 10, 100007(2018)
This paper, by A Hilberer, G Laurent, A Lorin, A Partier, J Bobroff, F Bouquet, C Even, J M Fischbach, C A Marrache Kikuchi, M Monteverde, B Pilette, Q Quay, is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0.
Geriatrics Curriculum Needs Assessment for Dermatology Residency Programs
Authors: Endo Justin , Awe Adam , Reddy Shalini T. , Hirshfield Laura E. , Kamin Carol , Lineberry Matthew 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT

Background
Geriatric patients account for a growing proportion of dermatology clinic visits. Although their biopsychosocial needs differ from those of younger adults, there are no geriatrics training requirements for dermatology residency programs.

Objective
This study explored the state of geriatrics education in dermatology programs in 2016.

Methods
This constructivist study employed cross-sectional, mixed-methods analysis with triangulation of semistructured interviews, surveys, and commonly used curricular materials. We used purposive sampling of 5 US academic allopathic dermatology programs of different sizes, geographic locations, and institutional resources. Participants were interviewed about informal curricula, barriers, and suggestions for improving geriatrics education, and they also completed a survey about the geriatrics topics that should be taught. The constant comparative method with grounded theory was used for qualitative analysis. We identified formal geriatrics curricular content by electronically searching and counting relevant key texts.

Results
Fourteen of 17 participants (82%) agreed to be interviewed, and 10 of 14 (71%) responded to the survey. Themes of what should be taught included diagnosing and managing skin diseases common in older adults, holistic treatment, cosmetic dermatology, benign skin aging, and the basic science of aging. Topics currently covered that could be expanded included communication, systems-based challenges, ethical issues, safe prescribing, quality improvement, and elder abuse. Cosmetic dermatology was the most commonly taught formal geriatrics curricular topic.

Conclusions
There were discrepancies among topics participants felt were important to teach about geriatric dermatology and curricular coverage of these areas. We identified challenges for expanding geriatrics curricula and potential solutions.
Improvements to a long-term Rayleigh-scatter lidar temperature climatology by using an optimal estimation method
Authors: Jalali Ali , Sica Robert J. , Haefele Alexander 
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Hauchecorne and Chanin (1980) developed a robust method to calculate middle-atmosphere
temperature profiles using measurements from Rayleigh-scatter lidars. This
traditional method has been successfully used to greatly improve our
understanding of middle-atmospheric dynamics, but the method has some
shortcomings regarding the calculation of systematic uncertainties and the
vertical resolution of the retrieval. Sica and Haefele (2015) have shown that the
optimal estimation method (OEM) addresses these shortcomings and allows
temperatures to be retrieved with confidence over a greater range of heights
than the traditional method. We have calculated a temperature climatology
from 519 nights of Purple Crow Lidar Rayleigh-scatter measurements using an
OEM. Our OEM retrieval is a first-principle retrieval in which the forward
model is the lidar equation and the measurements are the level-0 count
returns. It includes a quantitative determination of the top altitude of the
retrieved temperature profiles, the evaluation of nine systematic plus random
uncertainties, and the vertical resolution of the retrieval on a
profile-by-profile basis. Our OEM retrieval allows for the vertical
resolution to vary with height, extending the retrieval in altitude 5 to
10 km higher than the traditional method. It also allows the comparison of
the traditional method's sensitivity to two in-principle equivalent methods
of specifying the seed pressure: using a model pressure seed versus using a
model temperature combined with the lidar's density measurement to calculate
the seed pressure. We found that the seed pressure method is superior to
using a model temperature combined with the lidar-derived density. The
increased altitude capability of our OEM retrievals allows for a comparison
of the Rayleigh-scatter lidar temperatures throughout the entire altitude
range of the sodium lidar temperature measurements. Our OEM-derived Rayleigh
temperatures are shown to have improved agreement relative to our previous
comparisons using the traditional method, and the agreement of the
OEM-derived temperatures is the same as the agreement between existing sodium
lidar temperature climatologies. This detailed study of the calculation of
the new Purple Crow Lidar temperature climatology using the OEM establishes
that it is both highly advantageous and practical to reprocess existing
Rayleigh-scatter lidar measurements that cover long time periods, during
which time the lidar may have undergone several significant equipment
upgrades, while gaining an upper limit to useful temperature retrievals
equivalent to an order of magnitude increase in power-aperture product due to
the use of an OEM.
Spatiotemporal transformation of dissolved organic matter along an alpine stream flow path on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau: importance of source and permafrost degradation
Authors: Wang Yinghui , Spencer Robert G. M. , Podgorski David C. , Kellerman Anne M. , Rashid Harunur , Zito Phoebe , Xiao Wenjie , Wei Dandan , Yang Yuanhe , Xu Yunping 
Published: November 2018

Abstract. The Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) accounts for approximately
70 % of global alpine permafrost and is an area sensitive to climate
change. The thawing and mobilization of ice-rich and organic-carbon-rich
permafrost impact hydrologic conditions and biogeochemical processes on the
QTP. Despite numerous studies of Arctic permafrost, there are no reports to
date for the molecular-level in-stream processing of permafrost-derived
dissolved organic matter (DOM) on the QTP. In this study, we examine temporal
and spatial changes of DOM along an alpine stream (3850–3207 m above sea
level) by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR
MS), accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) and UV–visible spectroscopy.
Compared to downstream sites, dissolved organic matter (DOM) at the
headstream site exhibited older radiocarbon age, higher mean molecular
weight, higher aromaticity and fewer highly unsaturated compounds. At the
molecular level, 6409 and 1345 formulas were identified as unique to the
active layer (AL) leachate and permafrost layer (PL) leachate, respectively.
Comparing permafrost leachates to the downstream site, 59 % of
AL-specific formulas and 90 % of PL-specific formulas were degraded,
likely a result of rapid in-stream degradation of permafrost-derived DOM. From
peak discharge in the summer to low flow in late autumn, the DOC
concentration at the headstream site decreased from 13.9 to
10.2 mg L−1, while the 14C age
increased from 745 to 1560 years before present (BP), reflecting an increase
in the relative contribution of deep permafrost carbon due to the effect of
changing hydrological conditions over the course of the summer on the DOM source
(AL vs. PL). Our study thus demonstrates that hydrological conditions impact
the mobilization of permafrost carbon in an alpine fluvial network, the
signature of which is quickly lost through in-stream mineralization and
transformation.
Bias correction of simulated historical daily streamflow at ungauged locations by using independently estimated flow duration curves
Authors: Farmer William H. , Over Thomas M. , Kiang Julie E. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract. In many simulations of historical daily streamflow distributional bias
arising from the distributional properties of residuals has been noted. This
bias often presents itself as an underestimation of high streamflow and an
overestimation of low streamflow. Here, 1168 streamgages across the
conterminous USA, having at least 14 complete water years of daily
data between 1 October 1980 and 30 September 2013, are used to explore a
method for rescaling simulated streamflow to correct the distributional bias.
Based on an existing approach that separates the simulated streamflow into
components of temporal structure and magnitude, the temporal structure is
converted to simulated nonexceedance probabilities and the magnitudes are
rescaled using an independently estimated flow duration curve (FDC) derived
from regional regression. In this study, this method is applied to a pooled
ordinary kriging simulation of daily streamflow coupled with FDCs estimated
by regional regression on basin characteristics. The improvement in the
representation of high and low streamflows is correlated with the accuracy
and unbiasedness of the estimated FDC. The method is verified by using an
idealized case; however, with the introduction of regionally regressed FDCs
developed for this study, the method is only useful overall for the upper
tails, which are more accurately and unbiasedly estimated than the lower
tails. It remains for future work to determine how accurate the estimated
FDCs need to be to be useful for bias correction without unduly reducing
accuracy. In addition to its potential efficacy for distributional bias
correction, this particular instance of the methodology also represents a
generalization of nonlinear spatial interpolation of daily streamflow using
FDCs. Rather than relying on single index stations, as is commonly done to
reflect streamflow timing, this approach to simulation leverages
geostatistical tools to allow a region of neighbors to reflect streamflow timing.
Consumo voluntário e ingestão de nutrientes em Psephotus haematonotus (Red Rumped) alimentados com ração comercial e sementes
Authors: Machado Rodrigo Girata , Vaz Ana Carla Sales , Fernandes Barbara Decker , De Oliveira Júlia Caroline , Moreno Tatiane Brandão , Da Rocha Chayane 
Published: November 2018

Avaliou-se consumo voluntário e estimou-se ingestão de nutrientes por Psephotus haematonotus frente à oferta de diferentes alimentos. Foram distribuídas 21 aves em três tratamentos e sete repetições sendo T1: Ração extrusada (RE), girassol (G), alpiste (A) e painço (P); T2: RE+A+P; T3: RE. Foram determinados os teores de matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), extrato etéreo (EE), matéria mineral (MM), cálcio (Ca), fósforo (P) e energia bruta (EB) para cada alimento, bem como foi estimada a ingestão total (IT) de MS, nutrientes (g/dia) e EB (kcal/dia/kg) feita pelas aves. Verificou-se diferença (p<0,0001) para ITMS entre os tratamentos sendo T3 e T2>T1 (6,10; 4,73; 2,74g MS/ave/dia, respectivamente). A ITEE diferiu entre os tratamentos (p<0,0001) onde T1 e T3 > T2 (0,467; 0,638; 0,155g EE/MS/dia). Houve diferença para ITEB (p=0,004), onde T3>T2>T1 (26,8; 19,99; 15,35g kcal/kg/dia), e ITPB (p<0,0001) onde T3>T2 e T1 (0,81; 0,58; 0,40g PB/MS/dia). Para ITCa (p=0,001) e ITP (p<0,0001) houve diferença entre os tratamentos sendo T3 (0,06g Ca/MS/dia e 0,025g P/MS/dia) > T1 e T2 (0,007; 0,021g Ca/MS/dia e 0,01; 0,013g P/MS/dia respectivamente). A oferta de diferentes alimentos resultou em maior consumo de MS proveniente de sementes em relação ao vindo de RE, demonstrando que, possivelmente, frente a livre oferta de sementes, as aves consomem alimentos mais palatáveis, sendo incapazes de balancear sua dieta pela ingestão de nutrientes.
Consumo voluntário e Ingestão de nutrientes em dietas contendo ração e diferentes sementes para Nymphicus hollandicus (Calopsita)
Authors: Fernandes Barbara Decker , Oliveira Júlia Caroline Caroline de , Rocha Chayane Da , Moreno Tatiane Brandão , Machado Rodrigo Girata 
Published: November 2018

Na natureza a calopsita possui uma alimentação composta por uma enorme variedade de alimentos, sendo que em cativeiro, sua alimentação geralmente é deficiente, pois a oferta de mistura de sementes como único alimento, pode acarretar falta de nutrientes e a longo prazo o desencadeamento de doenças. O objetivo desse estudo foi mensurar o consumo voluntário e estimar a ingestão de nutrientes em Nymphicus hollandicus. Para tanto, foram utilizadas 21 aves da espécie, distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em três tratamentos com sete repetições cada. Os tratamentos experimentais foram 1- Ração comercial extrusada para psitacídeos, semente de girassol, alpiste e painço;2- Ração comercial extrusada para psitacídeos, alpiste e painço e 3- Ração. O consumo de alimento, sobras e desperdício foram mensurados durante sete dias consecutivos. A ingestão de nutrientes foi estimada baseada na ingestão de matéria seca e na composição nutricional dos itens alimentares ofertados. As aves do T1 ingeriram 1,6 e 1,75x mais energia em relação às do T2 e T3 e ingeriram maior quantidade total de matéria seca e proteína bruta (g/ave/dia). Foi possível verificar que a relação Ca:P foi mantida somente no T3, estando T1 e T2 abaixo da relação recomendada. Conclui-se que a disponibilidade de mais de um item alimentar resulta em aumento significativo na ingestão de MS, demonstrando a preferência dessa espécie por alimentos com maior palatabilidade.