bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A bivalent fusion vaccine composed of recombinant Apx proteins shows strong protection against Actinobacillus pleuroneumoniae serovar 1 and 2 in a mouse model
Authors: Park Byung-Sun , Lee Nakhyung 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia (APP) causes porcine pleuropneumoniae, resulting in severe economic losses in the swine industry. Since there are diverse serotypes of APP, it is necessary for vaccines to induce cross-protection. In this report, we developed a bivalent fusion vaccine, the L vaccine composed of ApxIA and ApxIIA fragments. According to the experimental results of the L vaccine, recombinant protein specific-IgG antibody level increased significantly as well as Apx toxin specific-IgG antibody, suggesting toxin-neutralizing effect. Also, the production of both IgG1 and IgG2a indicates this fusion vaccine induces Th1 and Th2 immune reactions. In addition, lymphocytes were proliferated and immune related-cytokines of TNF-α, IL-12, IFN-γ and IL-5 were detected in the serum after the vaccination. The L vaccine showed a perfect cross-protection against APP serovar 1 and 2 that each secrete different Apx exotoxins. These findings reveal that the fusion L vaccine induces specific humoral and cellular immunity, leading to a perfect cross-protection against A. pleuropneumoniae infections in a murine model.
Gecko Adhesion in Space and Time: A Phylogenetic Perspective on the Scansorial Success Story
Authors: Bauer A M 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAn evolutionary perspective on gecko adhesion was previously hampered by a lack of an explicit phylogeny for the group and of robust comparative methods to study trait evolution, an underappreciation for the taxonomic and structural diversity of geckos, and a dearth of fossil evidence bearing directly on the origin of the scansorial apparatus. With a multigene dataset as the basis for a comprehensive gekkotan phylogeny, model-based methods have recently been employed to estimate the number of unique derivations of the adhesive system and its role in lineage diversification. Evidence points to a single basal origin of the spinulate oberhautchen layer of the epidermis, which is a necessary precursor for the subsequent elaboration of a functional adhesive mechanism in geckos. However, multiple gains and losses are implicated for the elaborated setae that are necessary for adhesion via van der Waals forces. The well-supported phylogeny of gekkotans has demonstrated that convergence and parallelism in digital design are even more prevalent than previously believed. It also permits the reexamination of previously collected morphological data in an explicitly evolutionary context. Both time-calibrated trees and recently discovered amber fossils that preserve gecko toepads suggest that a fully-functional adhesive apparatus was not only present, but also represented by diverse architectures, by the mid-Cretaceous. Further characterization and phylogenetically-informed analyses of the other components of the adhesive system (muscles, tendons, blood sinuses, etc.) will permit a more comprehensive reconstruction of the evolutionary pathway(s) by which geckos have achieved their structural and taxonomic diversity. A phylogenetic perspective can meaningfully inform functional and performance studies of gecko adhesion and locomotion and can contribute to advances in bioinspired materials.
Effectiveness of a “Spring Pillow” Versus Education in Chronic Nonspecific Neck Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Vanti Carla , Banchelli Federico , Marino Claudia , Puccetti Andrea , Guccione Andrew A , Pillastrini Paolo 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background
Different types of pillows have been proposed for neck pain, but no previous randomized controlled trial has investigated the effectiveness of a “spring pillow” for adults with chronic nonspecific neck pain.

Objective
We evaluated the effectiveness of using a pillow made from viscoelastic polyurethane and 60 independent springs compared with an educational intervention in individuals with chronic nonspecific neck pain.

Design
This was a randomized controlled trial with crossover study design.

Setting
The setting was the Occupational Medicine Unit, University Hospital, Bologna (Italy).

Participants
We recruited 70 adults with chronic nonspecific neck pain, of whom 64 completed the trial.

Intervention
Participants were randomly assigned to 2 groups. One group used the spring pillow for 4 weeks, and the other group followed educational advice for 4 weeks while continuing to use their own pillows. After 4 weeks of treatment and 4 weeks of washout, groups were crossed over. Pain perceived in the neck, thoracic, and shoulder areas and headache were the primary outcome measures. In addition, disability, sleep quality, subjective improvement, and pillow comfort were assessed. Measures were captured at pretreatment, after 4 weeks, after the 4-week washout period, and 4 weeks after crossover. The mean differences (MD) in outcomes between groups were assessed.

Results
Treatment with the spring pillow appeared to reduce neck pain (MD = −8.7; 95% confidence interval [CI] = −14.7 to −2.6), thoracic pain (MD = −8.4; 95% CI = −15.2 to −1.5), and headache (MD = −16.0; 95% CI = −23.2 to −8.7). Reductions in shoulder pain were not statistically significant between groups (MD = −6.9; 95% CI = −14.1–0.3). Neither the crossover sequence nor the period (first vs second intervention administration) significantly affected the results.

Limitations
Education may not have been the best comparator for the spring pillow; drug consumption, actual pillow use, and the implementation of the educational suggestions as prescribed were not controlled.

Conclusions
Use of the spring pillow in this study was more effective than an educational intervention for improving cervical, thoracic, and head pain. Whether a spring pillow is more effective than other ergonomic pillows remains to be tested.
Addressing the opioid crisis: social and behavioral research contributions at the National Institutes of Health
Authors: Spaniol Erin D , Smith Wendy B , Thomas David A , Clark David B 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This commentary highlights current NIH efforts aimed at addressing the opioid crisis, specifically activities related to behavioral and social science research. Implications for this commentary will inform researchers, practitioners, and policymakers on current endeavors and future funding opportunities.
Patient-reported Outcomes Following Surgical Intervention for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Aghdasi Bayan , Bachmann Keith R. , Clark DesRaj , Koldenhoven Rachel , Sultan Mark , George Jose , Singla Anuj , Abel Mark F. 
Published: April 2019

Study Design:
This was a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective:
This study aims to perform a systematic review and quantitative meta-analysis of patient-reported outcome measures after spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).

Summary of Background Data:
Radiographic correction of scoliosis is extensively reported in the literature but there is a need to study the impact of spinal fusion on patient-reported outcome measures. Prior reviews lacked homogeneity in outcome measures, did not perform quantitative meta-analysis of pooled effect size, or interpret the results in light of minimally clinically important difference thresholds.

Materials and Methods:
A systematic review of medical databases identified all studies that prospectively reported Scoliosis Research Society (SRS)-22 questionnaire data after spinal fusion for AIS. We screened 2314 studies for eligibility. Studies were included that reported preoperative and postoperative data at 24- or >60-month follow-up. Studies were excluded that failed to report means and SDs which were needed to calculate Cohen d effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals in estimating the magnitude and precision of the effect.

Results:
A total of 7 studies met eligibility criteria for inclusion in quantitative meta-analysis of effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals. Patients report large improvements in total score, self-image, and satisfaction; and moderate improvements in pain, function and mental health at 2 and 5 years after spinal fusion for AIS. All domains showed statistically significant improvement at all times except function at >60 months. All domains surpassed the minimally clinically important difference at all times except mental health.

Conclusions:
Moderate evidence suggests that spinal fusion improves quality of life for adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis in medium and long-term follow-up. Our results may help inform patient expectations regarding surgery.

OCEMB Level of Evidence:
Level I—systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.
Early Postoperative Physical Therapy Evaluation After Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Reduces Hospital Length of Stay
Authors: Tsirakidis Lana , DeLucia Lauren , Elsabrout Kerri , Apold Susan 
Published: April 2019

Purpose:
To evaluate whether the timing of physical therapy (PT) after total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is associated with inpatient length of stay (LOS), patients with PT initiated on postoperative day (POD) 0 versus POD 1 were compared.

Methods:
For this evidence-based quality improvement project, a total of 260 patients were studied, with 122 patients receiving THA and 138 receiving TKA. Of the patients receiving THA, 85 received PT POD 0, and of the patients receiving TKA, 91 received PT POD 0. Data were compared with patients receiving THA and TKA who had PT on POD 1 during the same timeframe.

Results:
The average LOS for patients undergoing THA with PT on POD 0 versus POD 1 was 2.78 (standard deviation [SD] = 1.084) and 3.68 (SD = 2.484) days, respectively, and 2.95 (SD = 1.068) and 3.26 (SD = 0.920) days for patients undergoing TKA. Pearson χ2 analysis demonstrated a statistically significant shortened LOS for the POD 0 group (THA and TKA combined, χ2 = 16.535, P < .001). Patients in the POD 0 group were 3 times more likely to be discharged within 3 days compared with the POD 1 group (THA and TKA combined, 32% vs 11%). A greater proportion of the POD 0 group were discharged home compared with the POD 1 group (75% vs 46%).

Conclusions:
Our preliminary results show that providing PT evaluations on POD 0 is associated with a decreased LOS for patients following THA and TKA, which contributes to a considerable cost savings.
Guiding the Process of Dying
Authors: White Dianne , Meeker Mary Ann 
Published: April 2019

Some of the most ethically challenging and emotionally demanding aspects of nursing occur in caring for patients and their family at the end of life. The aims of this study were to examine the views of acute care nurses caring for patients during transition to comfort care, to describe the personal impact on nurses, and to identify nurses’ strategies for self-support and development of competence. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, we analyzed data from 26 semistructured interviews.
Nurses experienced moral distress in situations of continuing treatment when a cure was unlikely. In managing symptoms for patients, they struggled to foster an often-tenuous balance of patient comfort and calm without oversedation. They struggled to manage the competing demands of a workload including patients receiving curative care juxtaposed with those focused on comfort care. Nurses reflected on their fears as new nurses caring for end-of-life patients, the inadequacy of their preparation for this role, and their distress when the care provided felt inadequate to them.
Nurses navigated challenges through support from nurse colleagues and effective leaders. They appealed to administrators to attend to care concerns arising from time-intensive nature of care. Mentoring and education facilitated assimilation to comfort-care nursing for novice nurses.
Congenital Malaria in a Febrile Infant Born to an Immigrant Mother With No Travel During Pregnancy
Authors: Fatima Saba , Skarzynska Malgorzata 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Congenital malaria is a condition that can be acquired during pregnancy or perinatally at the time of delivery by transplacental transmission of parasitized maternal erythrocytes. Because of its rare incidence in the United States, it is most frequently missed as a differential diagnosis by physicians when evaluating a febrile infant born to an immigrant mother. Timely diagnosis for physicians is also a challenge when there is no recent history of travel. Pediatric emergency department physicians hence must obtain a thorough history and elicit any exposure to malaria in the past when evaluating a febrile infant. We report a case of an 18-day male infant with congenital malaria and no maternal history of travel and febrile illnesses during pregnancy.
Retrospective Comparison of Intranasal Fentanyl and Inhaled Nitrous Oxide to Intravenous Ketamine and Midazolam for Painful Orthopedic Procedures in a Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Míguez Ma Concepción , Ferrero Clara , Rivas Arístides , Lorente Jorge , Muñoz Lucía , Marañón Rafael 
Published: April 2019

ObjectivesTo compare the efficacy and adverse events of 2 pharmacological strategies: intranasal fentanyl and nitrous oxide (FN) inhaled against intravenous ketamine and midazolam (KM) as procedural sedation and analgesia (PSA) in painful orthopedic procedures in the pediatric emergency department (ED).MethodsThis is an observational retrospective cohort study. Patients were included that submitted to PSA for carrying out a painful orthopedic procedure in the ED of a tertiary hospital over a period of 2 years. The main outcome variable was efficacy and adverse events of the PSA procedure.ResultsEighty-three patients were included. Fifty-two patients received FN and 31 KM. The PSA strategy was considered efficacious in 82.7% of the patients in the KM group and 80.6% in the FN cohort. No differences between both strategies were found (P= 0.815). Seventeen children showed early adverse events, 2 in the FN cohort and 15 in the KM group (relative risk of the KM strategy, 23.48; 95% confidence interval (CI), 3.24–169.99). The average of satisfaction obtained by the families was of 10 (CI, 10–10) in the KM cohort and of 9 (CI, 8–9.5) in the FN group (P= 0.152). The length of stay in the ED was longer in the KM cohort (P< 0.001). Hospital admission rate differences were not statistically different (9.6% vs 22.6%,P= 0.144) in the KM versus FN cohort.ConclusionsBoth PSA strategies presented similar efficacy. The FN strategy was associated with a lower risk of adverse events and shorter ED length of stay than KM in this ED setting.
FDG PET/CT Findings of Unsuspected Pulmonary Epithelioid Angiosarcoma Manifested as a Brain Metastasis
Authors: Zhang Gui-Xiong , Zheng Yongjiang , Huang Wen-Shan , Yang Min , Xu Jie-Hua 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
A 42-year-old man presented paroxysmal sharp pain in the right side of the head. Head CT showed a lesion in the right frontal lobe. MRI of the head suggested the possibility of metastasis. FDG PET/CT showed increased uptake corresponding to lesions in the right frontal lobe of the brain, the left upper lobe of lung, and the left adrenal gland, respectively. Cerebral and pulmonary lesions were both resected. Histopathology confirmed that both lesions are primary epithelioid angiosarcomas.
Pneumonitis Related to Melanoma Immunotherapy
Authors: García-Gómez Francisco Javier , Álamo-de la Gala María Carmen , de la Riva-Pérez Pablo Antonio , de la Cruz-Merino Luis , de la Cinta Calvo-Morón María 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Several regimens of immunotherapy have recently proven successful for multiple cancers, due to increased survival and quality of life. Rarely, immunotherapy with anti-programmed cell death protein 1 and programmed death-ligand 1 antibodies across cancer may cause immune-related pulmonary toxicity, with a low overall incidence, being particularly low among patients with melanoma and highest among individuals with lung cancer. In this vein, pulmonary toxicity is staged at 4 degrees according to the severity of the clinic and radiological findings, and its management is based on suppression of immunotherapy and administration of glucocorticoids. We report a case of pulmonary toxicity related to melanoma immunotherapy observed by 18F-FDG PET/CT.
Giant Cell Tumor of Tendon Sheath Revealed on 68Ga-DOTA-TATE PET/CT in a Patient With Suspicious Tumor-Induced Osteomalacia
Authors: Jia Chaoyi , Shao Fuqiang , Yang Ming , Qin Chunxia , Lan Xiaoli 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Giant cell tumor of tendon sheath (GCTTS) is benign mesenchymal neoplasm, and it rarely induces hypophosphatemia. We report a 49-year-old woman with suspicious tumor-induced osteomalacia underwent 68Ga-DOTA-TATE PET/CT to identify potential causative tumor, which showed a hypermetabolic soft tissue nodule in the right foot. Pathology confirmed it as GCTTS following surgical resection. The patient's symptoms improved rapidly, and the serum phosphate normalized after surgery, which supports the diagnosis of tumor-induced osteomalacia. Our case showed GCTTS can be rich of somatostatin receptor and cause osteomalacia.
Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Accumulation in Lower Extremity Lymphedema
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Kulkarni Harshad R. , Singh Aviral , Baum Richard P. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is overexpressed in a majority of prostate cancer cells, which has led to the development of radiolabeled small-molecule inhibitors of PSMA for molecular imaging and targeted radioligand therapy. 177Lu-labeled PSMA, with therapeutic β-emission and concomitant γ radiation, permits posttherapy imaging for the assessment of biodistribution and uptake in tumors and normal organs, as well as dosimetry. We report a patient with prostate cancer and metastatic lymph nodes–related lower extremity lymphedema, who presented with dermal backflow and soft-tissue uptake in the lower extremity on posttherapeutic whole body scan after intravenous 177Lu-PSMA treatment.
Hibernoma Demonstrated on 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT
Authors: Woodford Hannah , Le Ken , Bui Chuong , Mansberg Robert 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
A 60-year-old woman with recently diagnosed neuroendocrine tumors underwent staging 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT, which revealed focal uptake within the right sacral ala. Histopathology of the right sacral ala confirmed hibernoma. This case illustrates that hibernoma can be a cause of false-positive intraosseous accumulation of 68Ga-DOTATATE.
The measurement of ultrafast electronic and structural dynamics with X-rays
Authors: Marangos J. P. 
Published: April 2019

In this theme issue, leading researchers discuss recent work on the measurement of ultrafast electronic and structural dynamics in matter using a new generation of short duration X-ray photon sources. These photon sources, based upon high harmonic generation from lasers and X-ray free-electron lasers, look set to have a high impact on ultrafast science.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Measurement of ultrafast electronic and structural dynamics with X-rays’.
Environmental light is required for maintenance of long-term memory in Drosophila
Authors: Inami Show , Sato Shoma , Kondo Shu , Tanimoto Hiromu , Kitamoto Toshihiro , Sakai Takaomi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLong-term memory (LTM) is stored as functional modifications of relevant neural circuits in the brain. A large body of evidence indicates that the initial establishment of such modifications through the process known as memory consolidation requires learning-dependent transcriptional activation and de novo protein synthesis. However, it remains poorly understood how the consolidated memory is maintained for a long period in the brain, despite constant turnover of molecular substrates. Using the Drosophila courtship-conditioning assay of adult males as a memory paradigm, here, we show that in Drosophila, environmental light plays a critical role in LTM maintenance. LTM is impaired when flies are kept in constant darkness (DD) during the memory maintenance phase. Because light activates the brain neurons expressing the neuropeptide Pigment-dispersing factor (Pdf), we examined the possible involvement of Pdf neurons in LTM maintenance. Temporal activation of Pdf neurons compensated for the DD-dependent LTM impairment, whereas temporal knockdown of Pdf during the memory maintenance phase impaired LTM in light–dark cycles. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) is required in the memory center, mushroom bodies (MBs), for LTM maintenance, and Pdf signaling regulates light-dependent transcription via CREB. Our results demonstrate for the first time that universally available environmental light plays a critical role in LTM maintenance by activating the evolutionarily conserved memory modulator CREB in MBs via the Pdf signaling pathway.Significant StatementTemporary memory can be consolidated into long-term memory (LTM) through de novo protein synthesis and functional modifications of neuronal circuits in the brain. Once established, LTM requires continual maintenance so that it is kept for an extended period against molecular turnover and cellular reorganization that may disrupt memory traces. How is LTM maintained mechanistically? Despite its critical importance, the molecular and cellular underpinnings of LTM maintenance remain elusive. This study using Drosophila is significant because it revealed for the first time in any organism that universally available environmental light plays an essential role in LTM maintenance. Interestingly, light does so by activating the evolutionarily conserved transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein via peptidergic signaling.
StanDep: capturing transcriptomic variability improves context-specific metabolic models
Authors: Joshi Chintan J. , Schinn Song-Min , Richelle Anne , Shamie Isaac , O’Rourke Eyleen J. , Lewis Nathan E. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDiverse algorithms can integrate transcriptomics with genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) to build context-specific metabolic models. These algorithms require identification of a list of high confidence (core) reactions from transcriptomics, but parameters related to identification of core reactions, such as thresholding of expression profiles, can significantly change model content. Importantly, current thresholding approaches are burdened with setting singular arbitrary thresholds for all genes; thus, resulting in removal of enzymes needed in small amounts and even many housekeeping genes. Here, we describe StanDep, a novel heuristic method for using transcriptomics to identify core reactions prior to building context-specific metabolic models. StanDep clusters gene expression data based on their expression pattern across different contexts and determines thresholds for each cluster using data-dependent statistics, specifically standard deviation and mean. To demonstrate the use of StanDep, we built hundreds of models for the NCI-60 cancer cell lines. These models successfully increased the inclusion of housekeeping reactions, which are often lost in models built using standard thresholding approaches. Further, StanDep also provided a transcriptomic explanation for inclusion of lowly expressed reactions that were otherwise only supported by model extraction methods. Our study also provides novel insights into how cells may deal with context-specific and ubiquitous functions. StanDep, as a MATLAB toolbox, is available athttps://github.com/LewisLabUCSD/StanDep