bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First report of Phytophthora pseudosyringae recovered from aquatic ecosystems in Bulgaria
Authors: Christova Petya Koeva , Lyubenova Aneta B. , Kostov Kaloyan V. , Slavov Slavtcho B. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTwo Phytophthora pseudosyringae isolates were recovered from aquatic ecosystems in Bulgaria during a two‐year investigation of Phytophthora distribution in water sources in the country. Isolate RVit2016/6d was derived from Boyana Lake at the Vitosha Mountain, whereas isolate RTr2016/32d was obtained from Erma River at the Ruy Mountain. Both isolates belong to P. pseudosyringae species according to their morphological and physiological characteristics, as well as to the DNA sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. The pathogenicity of the isolates to wild cranberry plants (Vaccinium vitis‐idea) was studied by detached leaves experiments and in planta. Both P. pseudosyringae isolates were able to cause leaf necrosis and death of plants within 3 months. The ability of the pathogens to infect cranberry leaves at different temperatures was also investigated. The significance of P. pseudosyringae species and its potential threat for forest ecosystems is discussed. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. pseudosyringae isolation in Bulgaria.
Measuring the impact of simulation practice on the spatial representation ability of dentists by means of Impacted Mandibular Third Molar (IMTM) Surgery on 3D printed models
Authors: Yao Coral J. , Chow James , Choi Winnie W. S. , Mattheos Nikos 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe ability of spatial representation is one of the most important competences of an oral surgeon, but also a challenging competence to assess in educational settings. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the impact of a hands‐on simulation practice on the development of the Dental Anatomy Spatial Representation Ability (DASRA) of recent dental graduates, using a novel assessment instrument based on CBCT radiographic data.Materials and methodsA novel instrument for the measurement of DASRA for oral surgery was developed, utilising panoramic, sagittal and horizontal slices from 3D radiographic imaging of impacted wisdom teeth. Twenty‐one young dentists (nine males and 12 females) were enrolled in this study. After measurement of dentists' perceptual ability (PA), all dentists completed a DASRA drawing test and thereafter practiced surgical extraction on 3D printed models, which were based on actual patients' anatomy. A second DASRA was administered after the hands‐on exercise, followed by a feedback survey.ResultsA slight increase in DASRA scores was revealed after practicing on models, which however did not reach statistical significance. However, statistically significant decrease in drawing time was observed after hands‐on experiences (P < 0.001), while important qualitative improvements were noted, such as dentists' ability to position the mandibular nerve. Dentists perceived 3D printed model as a very effective and efficient manner in planning and practicing of surgical interventions.ConclusionsAn instrument for the measurement of DASRA based on 3D radiographic imaging might support educators in the assessment of spatial skills of novice surgeons. Practice on 3D printed, anatomically precise models can benefit dentists on pre‐clinical surgical training and has the potential of improving their dental anatomy spatial representation ability.
Analysis of variance in soil research: Examining the assumptions
Authors: Webster Richard , Lark Richard M. 
Published: March 2019

Three assumptions underly safe inference from an analysis of variance of soil data from designed experiments and surveys. They are (a) that the residuals are normally distributed, (b) that the within‐groups variances are equal and (c) that effects of treatments and blocks are additive. Small departures from these assumptions are unlikely to affect conclusions because the analysis is robust. Large departures could have serious consequences, however. The most common departures in the real world of the soil are strongly positively skewed distributions of the observed values, many of which are approximately lognormal. In those situations, transformation of the data to logarithms should lead to analyses from which inferences are sound and to confidence limits on estimates. Mean values can be transformed back to the original scales to aid understanding. Measurements of nitrogen in the soil of the Broadbalk wheat experiment show how transformations of the strongly skewed data to logarithms are sufficient to satisfy the assumptions underlying the analysis. Those of nitrogen in the soil of Cashmore Field at Silsoe required the somewhat more complex Box–Cox transformation to satisfy the assumptions and lead to sensible conclusions. The statistical distributions in pH, already a logarithm, in the soil in sandy drift and chalky boulder clay at Broom's Barn Farm differed so strongly that no transformation would satisfy the assumptions. Non‐parametric tests are available, but they should be used only if no suitable transformation can be found.Highlights

Safe inference from the analysis of variance is based on three conditions.
The conditions are normal distribution of residuals, homogeneity of variances and additivity of effects.
Most departures from the conditions in the real world of the soil are caused by positively skewed distributions.
Transformation to logarithms will often deal with departures from these conditions.
Osthole attenuates mouse atopic dermatitis by inhibiting thymic stromal lymphopoietin production from keratinocytes
Authors: Fu Xiangping , Hong Chaohui 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAtopic dermatitis is one of the most common skin diseases. Dysregulation of immune system and chronic inflammation were believed to be associated with atopic dermatitis. Osthole was reported to play important roles in antitumor and anti‐inflammation. However, whether osthole has effects on atopic dermatitis remains unclear. In this present study, we explored the biological role of osthole in atopic dermatitis and the molecular mechanism. Atopic dermatitis was induced by 2,4‐dinitrochlorobenzene. Pathological damage of ear was detected by H&E staining. IgE level in serum or thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) level in supernatant was detected by ELISA. Interleukin (IL)‐4 expression and IL‐13 expression in CD4+ T cells were detected using flow cytometry. The expression levels of mRNA or protein levels were detected by RT‐PCR or Western blot. Osthole attenuated atopic dermatitis development in mouse model. Osthole inhibits Th2 cell response, but have on influence on Th1 or Th17 cell response in the skin. In mouse model, osthole treatment significantly inhibited atopic dermatitis via directly inhibiting TLSP expression levels in keratinocytes. Osthole treatment alleviates atopic dermatitis through directly down‐regulating TSLP production from keratinocytes. Osthole may serve as a potential choice for atopic dermatitis treatment in clinic.
A participatory scenario method to explore the future of marine social‐ecological systems
Authors: Planque Benjamin , Mullon Christian , Arneberg Per , Eide Arne , Fromentin Jean‐Marc , Heymans Johanna Jacomina , Hoel Alf Håkon , Niiranen Susa , Ottersen Geir , Sandø Anne Britt , Sommerkorn Martin , Thébaud Olivier , Thorvik Thorbjørn 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAnticipating future changes in marine social‐ecological systems (MSES) several decades into the future is essential in the context of accelerating global change. This is challenging in situations where actors do not share common understandings, practices, or visions about the future. We introduce a dedicated scenario method for the development of MSES scenarios in a participatory context. The objective is to allow different actors to jointly develop scenarios which contain their multiple visions of the future. The method starts from four perspectives: “fisheries management,” “ecosystem,” “ocean climate,” and “global context and governance” for which current status and recent trends are summarized. Contrasted scenarios about possible futures are elaborated for each of the four single perspectives before being integrated into multiple‐perspective scenarios. Selected scenarios are then developed into storylines. Focusing on individual perspectives until near the end allows actors with diverse cultures, interests and horizons to confront their own notions of the future. We illustrate the method with the exploration of the futures of the Barents Sea MSES by 2050. We emphasize the following lessons learned: first, many actors are not familiar with scenario building and attention must be paid to explaining the purpose, methodology, and benefits of scenarios exercises. Second, although the Barents Sea MSES is relatively well understood, uncertainties about its future are significant. Third, it is important to focus on unlikely events. Fourth, all perspectives should be treated equally. Fifth, as MSES are continuously changing, we can only be prepared for future changes if we collectively keep preparing.
NARRATING THE FAMILY PAST EMPATHETICALLY: A COMPARISON OF EUGEN RUGE'S IN ZEITEN DES ABNEHMENDEN LICHTS AND MAXIM LEO'S HALTET EUER HERZ BEREIT
Authors: Stewart Amanda 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTIn recent years, the family novel has re‐emerged as a popular form for representing, and remembering, the German past. By comparing Maxim Leo's Haltet euer Herz bereit (2009) and Eugen Ruge's In Zeiten des abnehmenden Lichts (2011), I argue that narrative empathy is a key feature of contemporary generational writing. Narrating through various characters’ own perspectives allows the family past to be narrated with a greater sense of empathy in comparison to the ‘Väterliteratur’ of the 1970s and 80s, which foregrounded intergenerational confrontation. Although Eugen Ruge and Maxim Leo belong to different generations (Ruge was born in 1954 in the Soviet Union and Leo in 1970 in East Berlin), there are marked similarities between their approaches to narrativising their family histories. I suggest that these similarities can be attributed to the texts’ dates of publication; twenty years after reunification, authors and readers alike are better positioned to attempt to understand past generations’ experiences with empathy.
Fuzzy logic method to investigate grinding of alumina ceramic using minimum quantity lubrication
Authors: Dambatta Yusuf S. , Sarhan Ahmed A. D , Sayuti Mohd Bin Ab Karim , Shukor M. Hamdi Bin Abd 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe use of nanofluid in lubrication during machining of advanced engineering ceramics has been found to be highly efficient and eco‐friendly. This work involves experimental investigation of grinding Alumina (Al2O3) ceramic to determine the effect of the grinding variables. The grinding variables considered include depth of cut, feed rate, type of diamond wheel, and lubrication type. Moreover, the response parameters considered include grinding power, coefficient of friction, and surface quality. The responses obtained during the experiments were used to develop a fuzzy logic prediction model. The findings from this work can be concluded as follows: (a) The depth of cut and feed rate have direct proportional relationship with the grinding power and coefficient of friction. (b) The metallic bonded diamond wheel was found to have higher machining efficiency than the resinoid bonded one. (c) Higher number of diamond grits produces lower frictional coefficient. (d) The carbon nanotube based nanofluid when used in the minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) process proffers better lubrication capability than conventional flood cooling system. (e) The developed fuzzy logic models were found to have high prediction accuracies of 97.22%, 98.60%, and 96.8%, respectively, for grinding power, grinding force ratio, and surface roughness.
Stevens‐Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: retrospective review of 10‐year experience
Authors: Zhang Amy J. , Nygaard Rachel M. , Endorf Frederick W. , Hylwa Sara A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundStevens‐Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are severe mucocutaneous disorders. To date, relatively few studies have looked at institutional approaches to treatment of SJS/TEN, particularly with a focus on wound care.MethodsA retrospective review was conducted on patients admitted to the Hennepin County Medical Center from 2007 to 2017 with a final diagnosis of SJS or TEN. Data were obtained for demographics, causative drug, hospital course, supportive care, medical management, complications, and disposition.ResultsA total of 48 were diagnosed with SJS/TEN during the study period. A total of 41.7% (20/48) were men, and the mean age was 49.2 years. Sulfa antibiotics and nonsulfa antibiotics were the most common causative drug categories, each accounting for a quarter of cases. Supportive measures included intravenous fluid resuscitation in 4.2% of cases, enteral nutrition in 75%, surgical debridement in 27.1%, and porcine xenograft in 16.7%. Wound care consisted of use of a cleanser in 95.8% of patients, topical antibiotic in 95.8%, topical steroid in 20.8%, topical antifungal in 14.6%, emollient in 83.3%, nonadherent dressing in 97.9%, silver impregnated dressing in 39.6%, nonsilver impregnated dressing in 79.2%, and general wrap in 93.8%. For medical treatment, 64.6% of patients received intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), and 8.3% of patients received cyclosporine. Mortality rate was 12.5% overall, compared to an expected mortality rate of 25.2% as predicted by SCORTEN.ConclusionsPatients treated with our current regimen of care showed a mortality rate half of that predicted by SCORTEN.
Effects of hydroxyl radical induced oxidation on water holding capacity and protein structure of jumbo squid (Dosidicus gigas) mantle
Authors: Zhu Wenhui , Huan Haizhen , Bu Ying , Li Xuepeng , Shiuan David , Li Jianrong , Sun Xiaotao 
Published: March 2019

SummaryProtein oxidation is considered as an important issue in food preservation process. In the present study, the potential influence of protein oxidation on water holding capacity and protein structure of jumbo squid (Dosidicus gigas) mantle was investigated. After the hydroxyl radical oxidation, it was found that the carbonyl, surface hydrophobicity and dityrosine content of myofibrillar protein significantly increased (P < 0.05), while the content of total sulphydryl decreased significantly (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, the fluorescence intensity of squid was weakened, and the maximum absorption peak of fluorescence red shift as the H2O2 concentration increased. The sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) showed that not only the protein cross‐linking but also degradation could have occurred. The content of α‐helix decreased, the content of β‐sheet, β‐turn and the unordered structures increased after oxidation. In addition, oxidation resulted in a decrease in water holding capacity. Taken together, oxidation resulted in the damage of the myofibrillar structure, the increase in muscle loss rate and the decrease in water holding capacity.
Analysis of improved nutritional composition of bee pollen (Brassica campestris L.) after different fermentation treatments
Authors: Yan Sha , Li Qiangqiang , Xue Xiaofeng , Wang Kai , Zhao Liuwei , Wu Liming 
Published: March 2019

SummaryMicrobial fermentation as an excellent food processing technology has been used for improving the flavour and nutritional feature of food material. In this study, we compared the differences in the nutrient profile of bee pollen (rape bee pollen, Brassica campestris L., BP) fermented with different species of microbes, such as lactic acid bacteria (LAB), yeast, and the two mixed. Based on the nutritional components and multivariate statistical analysis, yeast fermentation has more advantage for BP than fermentation with LAB or mixed microbes. The yeast‐fermented BP has an 83.5% reduction in fructose and 87.4% reduction in glucose, while phenolic compounds, oligopeptides and fatty acids were increased by 9.3%, 68.8% and 18.2%, respectively, compared with the BP without fermentation. The contents of riboflavin, nicotinic acid, nicotinamide and free amino acids in the pollen fermented by yeast were 2.4, 39.6, 4.6 and 4.8 times higher than those in raw BP, respectively. Additionally, in the fermentation process, wall‐breaking pollen showed more advantages in the transformation of nutrients, free amino acid increased by 11% at least, more low molecular weight peptides produced and nicotinic acid and nicotinamide increased by 7% at least, compared with fermented BP. Taken together, these results showed that BP with yeast fermentation has great potential in obtaining high available nutritional products.
Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) by‐products and their impact: from bioactive compounds to biomass energy and sorbent material for removing contaminants. A review
Authors: Colombo Raffaella , Papetti Adele 
Published: March 2019

SummaryAvocado industry produces enormous by‐products and represents an important source of raw material in food and non‐food applications. This review aims to focus the attention on the valorisation of avocado wastes recycling to produce different materials with important industrial and environmental impacts. In fact, peels and seeds can be reused in food and cosmetic fields due to the presence of bioactive ingredients such as polyphenols; thanks to their antioxidant and antinflammatory activities. In addition, both peels and seeds can be reused in the production of carbonaceous materials with important consequences for environmental pollution in the removal of contaminants from water. Interesting applications of avocado wastes in photocatalysis and biofuel production are also discussed. All the utilisations attest the great potential of recycling avocado by‐products, a little known resource.
An international survey of Psychiatric‐Mental‐Health Nurses on the content validity of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Core Sets for Schizophrenia
Authors: Nuño Laura , Barrios Maite , Moller Mary D. , Calderón Caterina , Rojo Emilio , Gómez‐Benito Juana , Guilera Georgina 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Core Sets for schizophrenia describe the key problems in functioning that are experienced by individuals with this disorder. This study examines the content validity of these Core Sets and aims to identify the most frequent problems faced by people with schizophrenia, considering for this analysis the perspective of Psychiatric‐Mental‐Health Nurses. The study complied with the COREQ checklist for qualitative studies. A total of 101 nurses from 30 countries covering all six World Health Organization regions participated in a Delphi study. Their responses in Round 1 were linked to ICF categories, retaining those reported by at least 5% of participants. In Round 2, they were asked to rate the relevance of each of these categories to the nursing care of patients with schizophrenia. This process was repeated in Round 3. A total of 2327 concepts were extracted in Round 1 and linked to ICF categories. Following the analysis, 125 categories and 31 personal factors were presented to the experts in rounds 2 and 3. Consensus (defined as agreement ≥75%) was reached for 97 of these categories and 29 personal factors. These categories corresponded to all those (N = 25) in the Brief Core Set and 87 of the 97 categories of the Comprehensive Core Set for schizophrenia. Ten new categories emerged. The Delphi process identified the problems in functioning that nurses encounter when treating individuals with schizophrenia, and the results supported the content validity of the Core Sets. We conclude that these Core Sets offer a comprehensive framework for structuring clinical information and guiding the treatment process.
Less is more approach: basic variable neighborhood search for the obnoxious p‐median problem
Authors: Mladenović Nenad , Alkandari Abdulaziz , Pei Jun , Todosijević Raca , Pardalos Panos M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe goal of the less is more approach (LIMA) for solving optimization problems that has recently been proposed in Mladenović et al. (2016) is to find the minimum number of search ingredients that make a heuristic more efficient than the currently best. In this paper, LIMA is successfully applied to solve the obnoxious p‐median problem (OpMP). More precisely, we developed a basic variable neighborhood search for solving the OpMP, where the single search ingredient, the interchange neighborhood structure, is used. We also propose a new simple local search strategy for solving facility location problems, within the interchange neighborhood structure, which is in between the usual ones: first improvement and best improvement strategies. We call it facility best improvement local search. On the basis of experiments, it appeared to be more efficient and effective than both first and best improvement. According to the results obtained on the benchmark instances, our heuristic turns out to be highly competitive with the existing ones, establishing new state‐of‐the‐art results. For example, four new best‐known solutions and 133 ties are claimed in testing the set with 144 instances.
Disentangling the processes driving tree community assembly in a tropical biodiversity hotspot (New Caledonia)
Authors: Pouteau Robin , Munoz François , Birnbaum Philippe 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimUnderstanding the drivers of community diversity and composition is a major question in ecology, which is of particular significance for the conservation of narrowly distributed taxa facing habitat alteration. In this study, we examined three ecological processes (environmental and biotic filtering, and dispersal limitation) hypothesized to drive community assembly in the island biodiversity hotspot of New Caledonia, and whether the relative importance of these processes changes along environmental gradients.MethodsFirst, we assessed environmental filtering by stacking binary presence/absence species distribution models generated for 678 tree species from c. 40,000 occurrences. Second, we acknowledged the influence of dispersal limitation by applying a buffer around each occurrence. Third, we modelled a local hierarchy of performances by ranking species in decreasing order of their predicted habitat suitability, up to the predicted local species richness. Predictions of stacked species distribution models (S‐SDMs) accounting for different combinations of the filtering processes were compared with the composition of 12 forest plots.ResultsThe three filters appear to be important driving forces. Accounting for environmental filtering provided fairly accurate assemblage predictions but species richness was overestimated. Considering dispersal limitation increased assemblage specificity (the proportion of correctly predicted absences) while considering differences in local performances increased assemblage sensitivity (the proportion of correctly predicted presences). The predictive ability of all S‐SDMs decreased with elevation, which suggests that unpredictable stochastic processes influenced biodiversity dynamics in more productive mountain habitats.Main conclusionsNew Caledonian tree communities appear to be similar to those of other tropical regions in their structuring processes (important role of dispersal and biotic filtering, increasing role of neutral processes with productivity). Our findings stress the potential of using S‐SDMs to understand and predict current and future biodiversity patterns.