bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of nitrogen feeding for extraradical mycelium of Rhizophagus irregularis maize symbiosis incorporated with phosphorus availability
Authors: Li Zhifang , Ngwene Benard , Hong Ting , George Eckhard 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn terrestrial ecosystems, plants are frequently in symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) with mineral nutrients and photosynthesis carbon exchanges in between. This research sought to identify the effects of phosphorus (P) levels on the nitrogen (N) uptake via extraradical mycelium (ERM) and the mycorrhizal growth response (MGR) of maize plants within the AMF symbiosis. Pots were separated into root compartments and hyphae compartments (HCs) with two layers of a 30‐μm mesh membrane and an air gap in between, where only hyphae could pass through, to avoid both N diffusion and root growth effects. Maize plants were inoculated with Rhizophagus irregularis with different N fertilization in HCs under two different P fertilization levels. Our results indicated that a strong increase in MGR with low‐P fertilization. The same tendency was not observed with high‐P fertilization, although both had a large increase in P concentration as a potential source of growth in shoot tissue of mycorrhizal plants. Substantial effects (10.5% more N) were observed in the case of high‐P availability for the host plants from ERM fed with N, whereas under low‐P conditions ERM may prioritize P uptake rather than N uptake. The AM fungi increase the uptake of N and P, which are most limiting in the soil with fewer forces from soil resources. In addition, there was still more P accumulated than N due to the high N for ERM with high‐P supply. Low N in HCs corresponded with a lower colonization rate in roots but with high hyphae density in HCs; this result suggest that N and P availability might change the ratio of extraradical to intraradical hyphae length.
Glutathione foliar fertilisation prevents lime‐induced iron chlorosis in soil grownMedicago scutellata
Authors: Gheshlaghi Zahra , Khorassani Reza , Abadía Javier , Kafi Mohammad , Fotovat Amir 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIt has been proposed that glutathione can relieve the effects of Fe deficiency. This study tested the effects of glutathione foliar treatments to prevent Fe chlorosis, using as positive controls soil and foliar Fe fertilisation.Medicago scutellataplants were grown in soil (5.7% CaCO3) supplemented or not with 4 and 8% CaCO3. Two Fe(III)‐EDDHA soil treatments (5 and 10 mg Fe kg−1), and three foliar treatments (three applications each of 2.14 mM Fe(III)‐EDDHA, 1 mM glutathione, and the previous two combined) were applied. Measurements include leaf chlorophyll and Fe concentrations, biomass, leaf enzymatic and non‐enzymatic antioxidant systems and carboxylates. The addition of CaCO3caused typical Fe deficiency symptoms, including changes in chlorophyll, Fe, antioxidant systems and carboxylates, which were prevented by soil and foliar Fe fertilisation. The foliar treatment with glutathione also led to higher chlorophyll, leaf extractable Fe and root Fe, as well as decreases in some antioxidant systems, whereas leaf Fe concentrations decreased. The combined foliar application of glutathione and Fe was even more efficient in preventing chlorosis. Including glutathione in foliar fertilisation programs should be considered as an option for Fe chlorosis prevention, especially when relatively large leaf total Fe concentrations occur in the so called chlorosis paradox.
Statistical Raman spectroscopy characterization of carbon additive in low‐C composites: Toward industrial quality control
Authors: Pelegov Dmitry V. , Koshkina Anastasia A. , Slautin Boris N. , Gorshkov Vadim S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTwo‐phase composites with a low part of the auxiliary phase (about a few percent) are quite complex objects for qualitative and quantitative characterization. Battery electrode materials are typical example of such composites, comprising the active material with the small amount of conductive additive (carbon‐based, mostly). This article presents an original “big‐data” approach for morphological and structural characterization of carbon‐coating component in Li4Ti5O12/C composites by statistical Raman spectroscopy. Although the most published Raman‐spectroscopy–based papers focus on structural characterization only, in this work, we show that morphological study can be even more informative. Our approach proposed for monitoring the carbon coverage efficiency, and morphological mesoscale heterogeneity of low‐C composites can be used for optimization of carbon‐coating procedure and industrial quality control of carbon‐coated electrode materials.
Jump inversions of algebraic structures and Σ‐definability
Authors: Faizrahmanov Marat , Kach Asher , Kalimullin Iskander , Montalbán Antonio , Puzarenko Vadim 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIt is proved that for every countable structure and a computable successor ordinal α there is a countable structure which is ‐least among all countable structures such that is Σ‐definable in the αth jump . We also show that this result does not hold for the limit ordinal . Moreover, we prove that there is no countable structure with the degree spectrum for .
On the relative strengths of fragments of collection
Authors: McKenzie Zachiri 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLet be the basic set theory that consists of the axioms of extensionality, emptyset, pair, union, powerset, infinity, transitive containment, Δ0‐separation and set foundation. This paper studies the relative strength of set theories obtained by adding fragments of the set‐theoretic collection scheme to . We focus on two common parameterisations of the collection: ‐collection, which is the usual collection scheme restricted to ‐formulae, and strong ‐collection, which is equivalent to ‐collection plus ‐separation. The main result of this paper shows that for all ,

proves that there exists a transitive model of Zermelo Set Theory plus ‐collection,
the theory is ‐conservative over the theory .

It is also shown that (2) holds for when the Axiom of Choice is included in the base theory. The final section indicates how the proofs of (1) and (2) can be modified to obtain analogues of these results for theories obtained by adding fragments of collection to a base theory (Kripke‐Platek Set Theory with Infinity plus ) that does not include the powerset axiom.
Cancer‐bone microenvironmental interactions promotes STAT3 signaling
Authors: Henderson Veronica M. , Hawsawi Ohuod , Burton Liza J. , Campbell Taaliah , Trice Kennedi , Dougan Jodi , Howard Simone M. , Odero‐Marah Valerie A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractProstate cancer (PCa) patients’ mortality is mainly attributed to complications caused by metastasis of the tumor cells to organs critical for survival, such as bone. We hypothesized that PCa cell‐bone interactions would promote paracrine signaling. A panel of PCa cell lines were cocultured with hydroxyapatite ([HA]; inorganic component of bone) of different densities. Conditioned media (CM) was collected and analyzed for calcium levels and effect on paracrine signaling, cell migration, and viability in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that calcium levels were elevated in CM from cancer cell‐bone cocultures, compared to media or cancer cells alone, and this could be antagonized by ethylene glycol‐bis(2‐aminoethyl ether)N,N,N′,N′‐tetraacetic acid (EGTA), a calcium chelator, or knockdown of Snail protein. We also observed increased signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation and paracrine cell proliferation and migration in LNCaP cells incubated with CM from various cell lines; this phosphorylation and cell migration could be antagonized by Snail knockdown or various inhibitors including EGTA, STAT3 inhibitor (WP1066) or cathepsin L inhibitor (Z‐FY‐CHO). In vivo, higher HA bone density increased tumorigenicity and migration of tumor cells to HA implant. Our study shows that cancer‐bone microenvironment interactions lead to calcium‐STAT3 signaling, which may present an area for therapeutic targeting of metastatic PCa.
Wasserstoff gewinnen mit biologischen Eisen‐Schwefel‐Zentren
Authors: Stripp Sven T. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMolekularer Wasserstoff gilt als Energieträger der Zukunft. Bisher lässt er sich im großtechnischen Maßstab allerdings nicht hinreichend effizient herstellen. Eine Synthesemethode basiert auf Enzymen – allerdings sind die Reaktionsprinzipien der enzymatischen H2‐Produktion noch aufzuklären. Dabei ist Infrarotspektroskopie zentral.
Bor‐Lewis‐Säurekatalyse: Amide atomeffizient synthetisieren
Authors: Huy Peter , Zoller Ben 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBorhaltige Lewis‐Säuren wie Boronsäuren, Borate oder Borsäure ermöglichen, Carbonsäuren und Amine direkt zu Amiden zu kondensieren. Mit diesen Reagenzien lassen sich nicht nur Peptidbindungen ohne Verlust an Stereoisomerenreinheit knüpfen, sondern die Reaktion funktioniert auch mit säureempfindlichen funktionellen Gruppen.
Motor cortical neuromodulation of pelvic floor muscle tone: Potential implications for the treatment of urologic conditions
Authors: Yani Moheb S. , Fenske Sonja J. , Rodriguez Larissa V. , Kutch Jason J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimsIn the human brain, supplementary motor area (SMA) is involved in the control of pelvic floor muscles (PFMs). SMA dysfunction has been implicated in several disorders involving PFMs, including urinary incontinence and urologic pain. Here, we aimed to provide a proof‐of‐concept study to demonstrate the feasibility of modulating resting PFM activity (tone) as well as SMA activity with noninvasive stimulation of SMA.MethodsWe studied six patients (3 women + 3 men) with Urologic Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) was applied to SMA immediately after voiding. We tested two rTMS protocols: high‐frequency (HF‐rTMS) which is generally excitatory, and low‐frequency (LF‐rTMS) which is generally inhibitory. PFM activity was measured during rTMS using electromyography. Brain activity was measured immediately before and after rTMS using functional magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsThe rTMS protocols had significantly different effects on resting activity in PFMs (P = 0.03): HF‐rTMS decreased and LF‐rTMS increased pelvic floor tone. SMA activity showed a clear trend (
P = 0.06) toward the expected differential changes: HF‐rTMS increased and LF‐rTMS decreased SMA activity.ConclusionsWe interpret the differential effects of rTMS at the brain and muscle level as novel support for an important inhibitory influence of SMA activity on pelvic floor tone after voiding. This preliminary study provides a framework for designing future studies to determine if neuromodulation of SMA could augment therapy for chronic urologic conditions.
Outcomes in a contemporary cohort undergoing sacral neuromodulation using optimized lead placement technique
Authors: Adelstein Sarah A. , Lee Wai , Gioia Kevin , Moskowitz Dena , Stamnes Kelsey , Lucioni Alvaro , Kobashi Kathleen C. , Lee Una J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimsTo evaluate factors associated with progression to stage 2 sacral neuromodulation (SNM) for refractory overactive bladder, urinary retention, or fecal incontinence using optimal lead placement techniques with curved stylet.MethodsThis is a retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database of all consecutive stage 1 SNM lead placements at our institution between August 2014 and May 2017 using optimal lead placement technique with curved stylet. Patients with refractory overactive bladder, urinary retention, or fecal incontinence were enrolled. Patients with 50% or more symptom improvement on voiding diaries were offered stage 2 implant. Demographics, clinical, and surgical characteristics were compared for patients who underwent successful stage 2 implants versus those who underwent lead removal at the end of the stage 1 trial period.Results127 patients underwent SNM during the study period. Motor thresholds of ≤2 mA in all four electrodes were achieved in 74% of patients (94/127). A total of 89.0% (113/127) of patients received stage 2 implants. The main indication for implant, specifically urgency urinary incontinence, was positively associated with progression to stage 2 implant. Male gender, history of pelvic pain and previous SNM were negatively associated with progression to stage 2 implant.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate that the contemporary optimized lead placement technique resulted in low motor thresholds and successful progression to stage 2 SNM implant in the majority of our cohort. Predictive factors associated with success or failure may potentially guide decision making for therapeutic interventions and counseling patient expectations.
An improved isoparametric quadratic element based on refined zigzag theory to compute interlaminar stresses of multilayered anisotropic plates
Authors: Biswas Dhiraj , Ray Chaitali 
Published: May 2019

SummaryAn improved eight‐noded isoparametric quadratic plate bending element based on refined higher‐order zigzag theory (RHZT) has been developed in the present study to determine the interlaminar stresses of multilayered composite laminates. The C0 continuous element has been formulated by considering warping function in the displacement field based on the RHZT. Shear locking phenomenon is avoided by considering substitute shear strain field. The continuity of transverse shear stresses cannot be ensured by the proposed zigzag formulation directly, and hence, the continuity conditions of transverse shear stresses have been established by using the three‐dimensional (3D) stress equilibrium equations in the present study. The transverse shear stresses are computed in a simplified manner using the differential equations of stress equilibrium. A finite element code is developed by using MATLAB software package. The performance of the present finite element model is validated by comparing the results with 3D elasticity solutions. The superiority of the proposed element in view of computational efficiency, simplicity, and accuracy has been examined by comparing the present solutions with those available in published literature using other elements.
A rare case of myoepithelial carcinoma gradually changing into malignancy: A report and literature review
Authors: Kurabayashi Kumiko , Abe Takahiro , Abe Masanobu , Ikemura Masako , Takato Tsuyoshi , Hoshi Kazuto 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA myoepithelial carcinoma (MC) is a very rare, low‐grade tumor. Our patient was a 78‐year‐old female who presented with an indolent tumor on the hard palate's right side. We performed two biopsies at an 18‐month interval and a complete resection and diagnosed it as predominant clear cell‐type MC. Immunostaining revealed a greater proportion of cells positive for Ki‐67 (MIB1) in the second biopsy specimen compared to the first biopsy specimen. These findings suggested that the tumor did not develop de novo in the tissues; rather, a benign tumor derived from myoepithelioma gradually changed into a malignant tumor over time.
The Potential for QT Interval Prolongation with Chronic Azithromycin Therapy in Adult Cystic Fibrosis Patients
Authors: Avedissian Sean N. , Rhodes Nathaniel J. , Ng Tien M.H. , Rao Adupa P. , Beringer Paul M. 
Published: May 2019

IntroductionOral azithromycin (AZM) has been shown to reduce airway inflammation and disrupt biofilm formation. However, chronic AZM therapy may result in QT interval (QTc) prolongation.ObjectivesThe goals of this study were twofold: (i) to characterize the risk of QTc prolongation in adult patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) receiving AZM and other potential QTc‐prolonging agents, and (ii) to describe and capture the number of potential QTc‐prolonging agents patients with CF are prescribed.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted over a 3‐year period in an adult CF center. QTc values were recorded from electrocardiograms. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted. Standard QTc prolongation definitions (males ≥ 450 msec, females ≥ 470 msec) were used.ResultsA total of 89 adult CF patient's records were reviewed. Sixty‐eight patients received chronic AZM therapy. Two male patients had prolonged QTc, but only 1 received chronic AZM therapy. The median QTc interval between patients receiving and not receiving AZM was not significantly different (405 [interquartile range, IQR: 388–425] vs 394 [IQR: 384–413] msec, respectively, p=0.14). Also, the QTc interval for patients taking chronic AZM 500 mg Monday/Wednesday/Friday or 250 mg daily was not significantly different (401 [IQR: 383–419] vs 409 [IQR: 394–427] msec, respectively, p=0.48). When stratified by the number of QTc‐prolonging medications (AZM vs no AZM), there was no significant difference in median QTc values between patients receiving zero to ≥ 5 QTc‐prolonging medications.ConclusionAn association between chronic AZM therapy and longer QTc intervals or significant QTc prolongation was not shown.
Micro‐cone textures for improved light in‐coupling and retroreflection‐inspired light trapping at the front surface of solar modules
Authors: Dottermusch Stephan , Schmager Raphael , Klampaftis Efthymios , Paetel Stefan , Kiowski Oliver , Ding Kaining , Richards Bryce S. , Paetzold Ulrich W. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMicron‐scale textures at the front surface of solar modules have been reported to improve the current generation by both enhancing light in‐coupling as well as by reducing light out‐coupling via back‐reflection, similar to the retroreflective effect. Whereas the general working principle and advantages of these textures have been described previously, here, the interplay of the reflection properties of different substrates with the enhancement effects is analyzed for textures of conical geometry. The study takes into consideration the incident light of arbitrary angle of incidence as well as the overall energy yield. Supported by optical simulations, periodic micro‐cone textures were optimized and prototyped based on direct laser writing and a scalable replication process. Micron‐scale textures with cones of various aspect ratios were examined on mono‐crystalline silicon (c‐Si) solar cells; an optimum aspect ratio of 0.73 was identified. This moderate aspect ratio is suitable for large‐scale replication, while showing near‐zero surface reflection and excellent light trapping. An increase in energy yield of up to 8% was calculated for the case of micro‐cone textures at the front surface of commercial alkaline‐etched c‐Si solar cells. Moreover, the excellent optical properties of the micro‐cone textures were highlighted by improving the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of a Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) thin‐film solar cells from 20.2% to 20.9%. A comparable PCE improvement has been achieved by conventional MgF2 antireflection coatings, but the angular stability and in turn the energy yield of the micro‐cone textures is much higher.
Gleichstrom verhindert Netzengpässe
Authors: Frey Katharina , Weiland Manuel 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungDer Strukturwandel im Energiesektor führt zu einem erhöhten Bedarf an Stromübertragungslösungen. Im Vergleich zur Drehstromtechnologie erweist sich die Gleichstromtechnologie als vorteilhafte Lösung, besonders wenn hohe Leistungen über weite Strecken zu übertragen sind. Mit zusätzlichen Hochspannungs‐Gleichstromübertragungs (HGÜ)‐Leitungen lassen sich auch bereits bestehende Freileitungsnetze für Drehstrom ausbauen, um Netzengpässe zu überwinden. Derzeit gibt es netzgeführte und selbstgeführte Gleichstromsysteme. Beide Techniken bieten in unterschiedlichen Anwendungsbereichen Vorteile.
Synthesis of graft copolymers by combination of radical photopolymerization and iniferter process
Authors: Ciftci Mustafa 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTVarious PS‐based graft copolymers including polystyrene‐graft‐poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(styrene‐graft‐poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate) are prepared via subsequent visible light radical photopolymerization and iniferter processes. Thus, poly(styrene‐co‐4‐chloromethylstyrene) P(S‐co‐VBC) is synthesized by light induced free‐radical polymerization. Then, chloride moieties are substituted with triphenylmethyl (trityl) groups to give trityl‐substituted PS (PS‐trityl) under visible light irradiation using dimanganese decacarbonyl (Mn2(CO)10) photochemistry. Side chains are then grafted from PS‐trityl backbone via iniferter process to give desired graft copolymers in a controlled manner. The precursor intermediates and the final graft copolymers are analyzed by 1H NMR, FT‐IR, and GPC measurements. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 1344–1348
Potential effect of anti‐inflammatory drug use on PSA kinetics and subsequent prostate cancer diagnosis: Risk stratification in black and white men with benign prostate biopsy
Authors: Kryvenko Oleksandr N. , Wang Yun , Sadasivan Sudha , Gupta Nilesh S. , Rogers Craig , Bobbitt Kevin , Chitale Dhananjay A. , Rundle Andrew , Tang Deliang , Rybicki Benjamin A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundRising prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) levels are associated with both increased risk of prostate cancer and prostatic inflammation. The confounding effects of inflammation on the utility of PSA kinetics to predict prostate cancer may be partially mitigated by anti‐inflammatory drug use. We investigated the influence of anti‐inflammatory drug use on the association of PSA kinetics with prostate cancer risk.MethodsWe studied 488 prostate cancer case‐control pairs (290 white, 198 African American (AA)) nested in a retrospective cohort of men with a benign prostate biopsy. A series of multivariable models estimated prostate cancer risk associated with PSA velocity (PSAV) at different levels of anti‐inflammatory drug use while adjusting for the presence of both clinical and histologic prostatitis.ResultsIn men with one, two, or three or more courses of anti‐inflammatory drug use, for each ng/mL/year increase in PSAV, prostate cancer risk increased 1.21‐fold, 1.83‐fold, and 1.97‐fold, respectively (
P < 0.0001). In controls with histologic prostatitis, anti‐inflammatory drug use was associated with a significantly lower PSAV (
P < 0.0001). This association was not observed in men with histologic prostatitis who were subsequently diagnosed with prostate cancer. A positive interaction between anti‐inflammatory drug use and PSAV‐associated prostate cancer risk was only observed in AA men, as well as a strong positive association between any anti‐inflammatory drug use and clinical prostatitis (
P = 0.004).ConclusionsIn men with benign prostate biopsy, accounting for the presence of histologic prostatitis and anti‐inflammatory drug use, particularly in AA men, may help distinguish between men with rising PSA because of prostatitis vs undiagnosed cancer.