bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finding clues in the p53 maze: an interview with Karen Vousden
Authors: Vousden Karen 
Published: July 2018

Karen Vousden is an internationally renowned cancer scientist whose contributions to solving the p53 puzzle are changing the way we think about this important tumour suppressor. She has been honoured with many prizes and elected memberships throughout her career, and was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 2010 and Foreign Associate of the US National Academy of Sciences in May 2018. Karen is an approachable and diligent scientist, a respected mentor and an inspirational role model. She is currently a group leader at the Francis Crick Institute in London and Chief Scientist at Cancer Research UK (CRUK). In this interview, Karen talks about the mentors that inspired her, the discoveries that brought about her interest in cancer metabolism, and her interests outside the lab.
Karen Vousden's research focuses on the many functions of p53 in cancer and beyond. Her scientific journey in the field of genetics started with undergraduate and graduate work on transfer RNA (tRNA) suppression with Lorna Casselton at the University of London, UK. She studied Ras and viral oncogenes during her postdoctoral training with Christopher Marshall and Douglas Lowy. The interactions between viral oncogenes and mammalian tumour suppressors drew her into the field of p53. Her group (in parallel with others) discovered the p53 targets PUMA and TIGAR, the latter of which spurred her interest in cancer metabolism.
Distinct metabolic states govern skeletal muscle stem cell fates during prenatal and postnatal myogenesis
Authors: Pala Francesca , Di Girolamo Daniela , Mella Sébastien , Yennek Siham , Chatre Laurent , Ricchetti Miria , Tajbakhsh Shahragim 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT
During growth, homeostasis and regeneration, stem cells are exposed to different energy demands. Here, we characterise the metabolic pathways that mediate the commitment and differentiation of mouse skeletal muscle stem cells, and how their modulation can influence the cell state. We show that quiescent satellite stem cells have low energetic demands and perturbed oxidative phosphorylation during ageing, which is also the case for cells from post-mortem tissues. We show also that myogenic fetal cells have distinct metabolic requirements compared to those proliferating during regeneration, with the former displaying a low respiration demand relying mostly on glycolysis. Furthermore, we show distinct requirements for peroxisomal and mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in myogenic cells. Compromising peroxisomal but not mitochondrial FAO promotes early differentiation of myogenic cells. Acute muscle injury and pharmacological block of peroxisomal and mitochondrial FAO expose differential requirements for these organelles during muscle regeneration. Taken together, these observations indicate that changes in myogenic cell state lead to significant alterations in metabolic requirements. In addition, perturbing specific metabolic pathways impacts on myogenic cell fates and the regeneration process.
Functions of the Dictyostelium LIMP-2 and CD36 homologues in bacteria uptake, phagolysosome biogenesis and host cell defence
Authors: Sattler Natascha , Bosmani Cristina , Barisch Caroline , Guého Aurélie , Gopaldass Navin , Dias Marco , Leuba Florence , Bruckert Franz , Cosson Pierre , Soldati Thierry 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT
Phagocytic cells take up, kill and digest microbes by a process called phagocytosis. To this end, these cells bind the particle, rearrange their actin cytoskeleton, and orchestrate transport of digestive factors to the particle-containing phagosome. The mammalian lysosomal membrane protein LIMP-2 (also known as SCARB2) and CD36, members of the class B of scavenger receptors, play a crucial role in lysosomal enzyme trafficking and uptake of mycobacteria, respectively, and generally in host cell defences against intracellular pathogens. Here, we show that the Dictyostelium discoideum LIMP-2 homologue LmpA regulates phagocytosis and phagolysosome biogenesis. The lmpA knockdown mutant is highly affected in actin-dependent processes, such as particle uptake, cellular spreading and motility. Additionally, the cells are severely impaired in phagosomal acidification and proteolysis, likely explaining the higher susceptibility to infection with the pathogenic bacterium Mycobacterium marinum, a close cousin of the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Furthermore, we bring evidence that LmpB is a functional homologue of CD36 and specifically mediates uptake of mycobacteria. Altogether, these data indicate a role for LmpA and LmpB, ancestors of the family of which LIMP-2 and CD36 are members, in lysosome biogenesis and host cell defence.
EpiLog: A software for the logical modelling of epithelial dynamics
Authors: Varela Pedro L. , Ramos Camila V. , Monteiro Pedro T. , Chaouiya Claudine 
Published: July 2018

Cellular responses are governed by regulatory networks subject to external signals from surrounding cells and to other micro-environmental cues. The logical (Boolean or multi-valued) framework proved well suited to study such processes at the cellular level, by specifying qualitative models of involved signalling pathways and gene regulatory networks. Here, we describe and illustrate the main features of EpiLog, a computational tool that implements an extension of the logical framework to the tissue level. EpiLog defines a collection of hexagonal cells over a 2D grid, which embodies a mono-layer epithelium. Basically, it defines a cellular automaton in which cell behaviours are driven by associated logical models subject to external signals. EpiLog is freely available on the web at http://epilog-tool.org. It is implemented in Java (version ≥1.7 required) and the source code is provided at https://github.com/epilog-tool/epilog under a GNU General Public License v3.0.
Simultaneous Penalization and Subsidization for Stabilizing Grand Cooperation
Authors: Liu Lindong , Qi Xiangtong , Xu Zhou 
Published: July 2018

In this paper we propose a new instrument, a simultaneous penalization and subsidization, for stabilizing the grand coalition and enabling cooperation among all players of an unbalanced cooperative game. The basic idea is to charge a penalty z from players who leave the grand coalition, and at the same time provide a subsidy ω to players who stay in the grand coalition. To formalize this idea, we establish a penalty-subsidy function ω(z) based on a linear programming model, which allows a decision maker to quantify the trade-off between the levels of penalty and subsidy. By studying function ω(z), we identify certain properties of the trade-off. To implement the new instrument, we design two algorithms to construct function ω(z) and its approximation. Both algorithms rely on solving the value of ω(z) for any given z, for which we propose two effective solution approaches. We apply the new instrument to a class of machine scheduling games, showing its wide applicability. The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2018.1723 .
Set similarity joins on mapreduce
Authors: Fier Fabian , Augsten Nikolaus , Bouros Panagiotis , Leser Ulf , Freytag Johann-Christoph 
Published: July 2018

Set similarity joins, which compute pairs of similar sets, constitute an important operator primitive in a variety of applications, including applications that must process large amounts of data. To handle these data volumes, several distributed set similarity join algorithms have been proposed. Unfortunately, little is known about the relative performance, strengths and weaknesses of these techniques. Previous comparisons are limited to a small subset of relevant algorithms, and the large differences in the various test setups make it hard to draw overall conclusions.
In this paper we survey ten recent, distributed set similarity join algorithms, all based on the MapReduce paradigm. We empirically compare the algorithms in a uniform test environment on twelve datasets that expose different characteristics and represent a broad range of applications. Our experiments yield a surprising result: All algorithms in our test fail to scale for at least one dataset and are sensitive to long sets, frequent set elements, low similarity thresholds, or a combination thereof. Interestingly, some algorithms even fail to handle the small datasets that can easily be processed in a non-distributed setting. Our analytic investigation of the algorithms pinpoints the reasons for the poor performance and targeted experiments confirm our analytic findings. Based on our investigation, we suggest directions for future research in the area.
Transform-data-by-example (TDE)
Authors: He Yeye , Chu Xu , Ganjam Kris , Zheng Yudian , Narasayya Vivek , Chaudhuri Surajit 
Published: July 2018

Today, business analysts and data scientists increasingly need to clean, standardize and transform diverse data sets, such as name, address, date time, and phone number, before they can perform analysis. This process of data transformation is an important part of data preparation, and is known to be difficult and time-consuming for end-users.
Traditionally, developers have dealt with these longstanding transformation problems using custom code libraries. They have built vast varieties of custom logic for name parsing and address standardization, etc., and shared their source code in places like GitHub. Data transformation would be a lot easier for end-users if they can discover and reuse such existing transformation logic.

We developed
Transform-Data-by-Example
(
TDE
), which works like a search engine for data transformations.
TDE
"indexes" vast varieties of transformation logic in source code, DLLs, web services and mapping tables, so that users only need to provide a few input/output examples to demonstrate a desired transformation, and
TDE
can interactively find relevant functions to synthesize new programs consistent with all examples. Using an index of 50K functions crawled from GitHub and Stackoverflow,
TDE
can already handle many common transformations not currently supported by existing systems. On a benchmark with over 200 transformation tasks,
TDE
generates correct transformations for 72% tasks, which is considerably better than other systems evaluated. A beta version of
TDE
for Microsoft Excel is available via Office store
1
. Part of the
TDE
technology also ships in Microsoft Power BI.
A coefficient-free and continuous blood pressure estimation method based on the arterial lumen area model
Authors: Ma Song , Wang Guan , Li Liubin , Cheng Yuhua 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Oscillometry is the most popular technique for automatic blood pressure (BP) estimation. This method relies on recording the cuff deflation curve (CDC) from a high suprasystolic BP (SSBP) to a low subdiastolic BP (SDBP) and is very sensitive to noise caused by breathing, motion artifacts, muscle contraction and the environment. We developed a unified BP estimation method involving two integrated sub-procedures based on the arterial lumen area (ALA) model and applied it for continuous BP measurement. Our proposed method is coefficient free and continuous. No empirical coefficients are applied, and the CDC varies within a low-pressure range of 40–80 mm Hg, which can be sustainably imposed on our wrists. The first sub-procedure estimates the mean arterial pressure (MAP) and arterial compliance parameter b under a complete CDC period. In the second sub-procedure, the systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) are estimated based on the dynamic-updated oscillometric waveform. We applied this method on 300 continuously oscillometric traces recorded from 20 male and female healthy subjects aged 20–60 years. The validated results were compared with those from a double stethoscope check. We observed mean absolute errors of 4.77 and 4.24 mm Hg in estimating the SBP and DBP, respectively.
The utility of saliva testing in the estimation of uremic toxin levels in serum
Authors: Korytowska Natalia , Sankowski Bartłomiej , Wyczałkowska-Tomasik Aleksandra , Pączek Leszek , Wroczyński Piotr , Giebułtowicz Joanna 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Background
p-Cresol sulfate (pCS) and indoxyl sulfate (IS) are uremic toxins, high concentrations of which are related to renal failure progression. Saliva could become the first-line diagnostic sample of choice, especially for monitoring purposes. Recently, a method for determination of pCS and IS in saliva was developed. Since no data exist on correlations between the levels of toxins in saliva and serum, the applicability of saliva as a diagnostic material is yet to be established. Here, we present a study on the assessment of the utility of saliva testing in the estimation of uremic toxin levels in serum.

Methods
The study material included serum and unstimulated, fasting saliva obtained from healthy volunteers (n=26) and patients at all stages of chronic kidney diseases (CKD, n=93). The concentration of pCS and IS in saliva and serum (total and unbound fractions) was determined. The daytime variation of the toxins was studied.

Results
A correlation was found between pCS and IS in saliva and biological active fractions in serum (0.74; 0.81). The variation of the serum/saliva ratio during the day was negligible, with a median of 10% for pCS and 6% for IS, making saliva a reliable material for the estimation of the uremic toxins in circulation at any time of the day. Significant correlations were observed between salivary toxin levels and estimated glomerular filtration rate (pCS: −0.61; IS: −0.70) as well as significant differences in toxin levels between the stages of CKD.

Conclusions
Saliva could be a valuable diagnostic material for the estimation of toxin levels in circulation.
Baseline elaboration and echo-sounding at the adjective adverb interface
Authors: Hummel Martin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe paper examines the semantic effects of modification in phrases combining verbs with so-called short adverbs in French, that is, adjectives (A) used as modifiers of the verb (V), as inaller direct‘to go direct’ (VA structures). For this purpose, a sample of over 3200 attested examples has been analyzed. Far from being simple verb modifiers in the sense of “manner” modification, the qualitative analysis shows that short adverbs also refer to other features of the event, e.g. participant, instrument, source, goal, result, circumstance, and the speaker’s attitude. These manifold modification scopes are then described by means of a newly created event-modification frame. The theoretical discussion of these results tackles the relationship between structure, construction, and baseline elaboration, constructions being conceived as cognitive developments of baseline VA structure. Baseline elaboration thus turns out to be a necessary complementary approach to construction grammar. However, neither construction nor baseline elaboration allows the full prediction of the meaning of a given VA structure since both ways of accessing meaning leave considerable space for inferential interpretation. The corpus also allows the quantification of the modified event features, that is, the frequency with which the slots of the frame are accessed by modification via VA structure. Quantification thereby provides the general modification profile of VA structures (as opposed to the individual modification profiling of a given VA structure in a single utterance).
Degree of Convergence of the Efficiency of the Polish Equity Investment Funds Obtained with Measures Based on the Sharpe Ratio
Authors: Kozak Sylwester 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLong-term persistence of low interest rates and a decline in attractiveness of investing in low-interest bank deposits generate additional demand for investments in investment funds. In such a situation, it is expected to have widespread use of the investment efficiency measures which take into account not only return, but risk level. The study examines eight measures of efficiency based on the Sharpe ratio. The study uses monthly data for 22 active equity funds over the period 2005-2015. It was found that the majority of funds were more efficient than the market in periods of moderate economic growth and less effective in the period of strong growth on the capital market. The most efficient funds retain high efficiency in all phases of the economic cycle. The efficiency values obtained using indicators: Shape, Treynor, Jensen, Sortino, Omega, Sharpe-Israelsen and IR were strongly correlated, while values of the UPR indicator were significantly different from the other results.
Zur Bedeutung der Lexik für das literarische Lesen: Didaktische Erkenntnisse einer Textdeckungsuntersuchung
Authors: van der Knaap Ewout 
Published: July 2018

Zusammenfassung
Bildungserfolg hängt stark mit der Lesekompetenz zusammen. Für die Sprachdidaktik sind Lesefertigkeit und Wortschatzerwerb wesentliche Fokuspunkte. Lexikalische Häufigkeit spielt dabei eine erhebliche Rolle. Dieser Beitrag verknüpft den Fokus auf den Wortschatz mit dem literarischen Lesen in Deutsch als Fremdsprache. Es wurden 26 literarische Titel aus dem literaturdidaktischen Katalog für Deutsch auf www.lezenvoordelijst.nl ausgewählt; die Hälfte davon war auf B2-Niveau eingestuft. Textdeckungsuntersuchungen mit den Häufigkeitslisten von Nation/Tschirner (2006) und Tschirner (2008b) ergaben Einblick in die didaktische Nutzbarkeit dieser Texte. Es wurde untersucht, welchen Textdeckungsgrad die ausgewählten literarischen Werke haben, wie sich diese Textdeckung zu dem eingeschätzten GER-Niveau verhält und welche (literatur)didaktischen Maßnahmen sich aus der Ermittlung der lexikalischen Brauchbarkeit der ausgewählten literarischen Werke ableiten lassen. Im Durchschnitt lag der Textdeckungsgrad im B2-Bereich auf 87 %.
Untimely diagnosis of fetomaternal hemorrhage: what went wrong?
Authors: Piva Isabella , Iannone Piergiorgio , Morano Danila , Greco Pantaleo 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Fetomaternal hemorrhage (FMH) is an obstetrical challenge. It is defined as a passage of fetal blood into the maternal circulation or vice versa, which might complicate pregnancy or delivery. Most cases of acute and chronic FMH are idiopathic in origin and involve uncomplicated near-term pregnancies. Yet, due to the lack of universal screening, heterogeneous clinical presentation and insufficient clinicians awareness, in some cases FMH may present as immediate fetal compromise or even stillbirth as the most devastating consequence. We made a review of the literature of the FMH clinical cases of fetal/neonatal death in order to focus on the available diagnostic tools and their limitations. Cardiotocography, biophysical profile, middle cerebral artery peak systolic volume and current laboratory tests were studied and evaluated as diagnostic tools for FMH. International guidelines are needed to help clinicians make a prompt identification of FMH. Moreover, a standardized management protocol is essential in order to improve fetal-neonatal outcomes.
The Superiority of Information and the Power of the Nation State
Authors: Bojor Laviniu 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Access to valuable information has been, is and will continue to be the focus of all the nation states. The benefits of access to information cannot be questioned, but the volatile nature of this Power Information has shown over time that a state's inability to keep its secrets leads to the loss of this power. The present paper captures historical milestones of information gathering activity that have greatly changed the balance of power between the state actors involved
The Influence of the Geographical Environment over the Military Operations in the Bârgău Mountains
Authors: Cioanca Lia-Maria 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The analysis of geographical spaces and the way in which physical-geographic elements influence the planning and conduct of military operations is related to military geography as a component of military science. From the military point of view, the parameters of the relief are of particular importance. In this respect, in the Bârgău Mountains, the mountainous landforms, with slopes leading to the lack of viability, then the high ridges and dominant points that offer wide views, the regime of the currents, the rain, the harshness of the climate in different seasons, the high temperature variations and atmospheric pressure, are elements that oppose or which, on the contrary, can be used as a real weapon against the enemy
Black Sea Region and European Security Policy
Authors: Dimitrova Sevdalina , Stoykov Stoyko , Marinov Rumen 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
It is obvious that the beginning of the 21st century is marked by many new challenges, problems and risks, which in addition to changing the ideas, concepts and practice of organized violence, lead to a deficit of ideas, methods and means of protection from it. The need to adapt available security systems, tools and practices is adopted in Europe as a response to a conscious public need rather than as a strategically planned action in a time of changes. This led to a spontaneous emergence of a common attempt to aggregate and structure the available security knowledge and to create a common stable conceptual basis for national security systems in countries not only in Europe. Moreover, the enlargement of the Union has opened up new horizons for the development of the countries and, at the same time, has changed the significance and scope of European security, where the demarcation line between external and internal security has become more and more difficult to be determined. The discussions about our country's contribution to strategic security in the Black Sea region as part of European security are in the context of the scientific search of ours science school
Explaining Reality by Sustaining Hobsbawm‘s Statement Regarding the Nation-State as the Failed Target of Globalization
Authors: Dinicu Anca 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The international security environment is deeply affected by the complex process of globalization, as well as by the nation-state’s permanent search for redefinition of its role as a sovereign political entity. A subject of international law, able to assume international rights and obligations, particularly because of its sovereignty, the state is also an actor whose existence, this time in the field of international relations, is fundamentally conditioned by a series of elements by which precisely the great variety of this form of political and social organization is expressed. External power and internal political organization, social structure and level of economic development, as well as other characteristics, make analysis of the interaction between nation-state and globalization generate highly diverse results with particular consequences on the ability to influence each other. This article therefore aims to put on debate how, at the end of the second decade of the 21st century, the democratic and developed nation-state manages to structure its national security and to found its national interest in the very challenging environment generated by the globalization process
State Reserve and Wartime Stocks of the Republic of Bulgaria – Essence and Cost
Authors: Manlolov Daniel , Kamarashev Nikolay 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This report presents the importance of the state reserve and the wartime stocks for the national security of our country. The State Reserve and Wartime Stocks State Agency is the object of our research, and the subject of the research is the agency's budget for the period 2015-2018. In this relation, the structure of the agency with its territorial directorates and the structure of costs are examined in detail. The role of the human factor in the agency and its importance for the management of the state reserve and the wartime stocks are presented. A comparative analysis of the individual costs by elements and budget programmes for the period 2015-2018 has been carried out, paying particular attention to the dynamics in their development over the period under review. Some key conclusions have been made concerning the improvement of the management of the state reserve and wartime stocks