bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence and characteristics of Lyme neuroborreliosis in adult patients with facial palsy in an endemic area in the Netherlands
Authors: Bierman S.M. , van Kooten B. , Vermeeren Y.M. , Bruintjes T.D. , van Hees B.C. , Bruinsma R.A. , Landman G.W. , van Bemmel T. , Zomer T.P. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMaking a distinction between facial palsy due to Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) and idiopathic facial palsy (IFP) is of importance to ensure timely and adequate treatment. The study objective was to assess incidence and patient characteristics of facial palsy due to LNB. Hospital records were reviewed of adult patients with facial palsy visiting the departments of neurology and/or otorhinolaryngology of Gelre hospitals between June 2007 and December 2017. Gelre hospitals are located in an area endemic for Lyme borreliosis. Patients with LNB had pleocytosis and intrathecal antibody production or pleocytosis with positive IgG serology. Patients with IFP had negative serology. Clinical characteristics were compared between patients with LNB and patients with IFP. Five hundred and fifty-nine patients presented with facial palsy, 4.7% (26) had LNB and 39.4% (220) IFP. The incidence of facial palsy due to LNB was 0.9/100 000 inhabitants/year. Over 70% of patients with facial palsy due to LNB did not report a recent tick bite and/or erythema migrans (EM). Patients with facial palsy due to LNB presented more often in July to September (69.2% vs. 21.9%, P < 0.001), and had more often headache (42.3% vs. 15.5%, P < 0.01). To reduce the risk of underdiagnosing LNB in an endemic area, we recommend testing for LNB in patients with facial palsy in summer months especially when presenting with headache, irrespective of a recent tick bite and/or EM.
Intrusive social images in individuals with high and low social anxiety: a multi-method analysis
Authors: Ashbaugh Andrea R. , Fishman Keera N. , Houle-Johnson Stephanie A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackground:Models of social anxiety suggest that intrusive images/memories are common in social anxiety and contribute to the maintenance of social anxiety.Aims:We examined the context and phenomenological features of intrusive social images using quantitative and qualitative measures across various levels of social anxiety.Method:Undergraduate students (n = 191) completed measures of social anxiety (i.e. Social Interaction Anxiety Scale and Social Phobia Scale) and wrote a description of an intrusive social image. Individuals who reported an intrusive social image (n = 77) rated the frequency, interference and phenomenological (e.g. vividness, emotional intensity) characteristics of the image. A content analysis of the intrusive image narratives was completed by independent raters.Results:High social anxiety (HSA) increased the likelihood and frequency of experiencing intrusive images, and to some extent the interference caused by these images. However, the characteristics of these images with regard to their content and quality were similar across levels of social anxiety. Among participants who provided narratives, HSA individuals (n = 34) did not differ from low socially anxious (LSA) individuals (n = 28) in themes that reflect concerns about their own thoughts, actions and behaviours. However, HSA individuals reported greater concerns about how other individuals would react, and their intrusive images were often from an observer perspective when compared with LSA individuals.Conclusions:These results are interpreted in relation to cognitive models of emotion, memory and cognitive behavioural models of social anxiety.
Ethiopia’s high childhood undernutrition explained: analysis of the prevalence and key correlates based on recent nationally representative data
Authors: Gebreegziabher Tafere , Regassa Nigatu 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the contribution of child, maternal and household factors in stunting, wasting and underweight among children under 5 years in Ethiopia.DesignQuantitative cross-sectional design based on nationally representative data.SettingUrban and rural areas of Ethiopia.ParticipantsYounger (0–24 months; n 4199) and older age groups (25–59 months; n 5497), giving a total of 9696 children.ResultsAmong the younger age group, 29 % were stunted, 14 % were wasted and 19 % were underweight; and among the older age group, the prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight was 47, 8 and 28 %, respectively. Being female, intake of multiple micronutrients, household having a piped source of drinking-water, high maternal BMI, higher household wealth and higher maternal education were associated with decreased odds of at least one form of undernutrition in both groups. On the other hand, children who were anaemic, had low birth weight, drank from a bottle, and children of stunted or wasted or working mothers were more likely to be stunted, wasted or underweight in both groups (P<0·05). While most predictors and/or risk factors followed a similar pattern across the two age groups, child factors had higher leverage in the younger than the older group across the three forms of undernutrition.ConclusionsMultiple set of factors predicted childhood undernutrition in Ethiopia. The study underscores the importance of intervening in the first 1000 days through promoting maternal education, maternal–child health services, mother’s nutrition and improving intrahousehold food distribution.
Carrot weed management programs without linuron herbicide
Authors: Colquhoun Jed B. , Rittmeyer Richard A. , Heider Daniel J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractLinuron herbicide has been a mainstay of carrot weed management for years, but uncertainty around regulatory registration review and an increased prevalence of herbicide-resistant weeds have spurred interest in identifying alternatives that can be readily adopted in production. With this context in mind, herbicide programs were evaluated on a coarse-textured, low organic matter soil in 2015 and 2016. Season-long weed control without compromising yield was possible with weed management programs that included prometryn POST instead of linuron. With that said, a PRE herbicide such as pendimethalin was critical to establish an early-season competitive advantage for carrot plants over weeds, and careful attention should be paid to the prometryn rate, as selectivity is marginal. Carrot is often interseeded with a grain nurse crop to mitigate risk of wind erosion. Nurse crop injury was minimal where S-metolachlor, pendimethalin, or prometryn was applied at rates labeled for PRE use in carrot, with the exception of where prometryn was applied at rates above 1.1 kg ai ha−1.
Impacts of Mesoscale Currents on the Diurnal Critical Latitude Dependence of Internal Tides: A Numerical Experiment Based on Barcoo Seamount
Authors: Dong Jihai , Robertson Robin , Dong Changming , Hartlipp Paul Scott , Zhou Tianyu , Shao Zhibo , Lin Weihong , Zhou Muzhi , Chen Jiarui 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCritical latitudes are a significant area of tidal dissipation. Generally, critical latitudes are taken to be the exact latitude where the tidal frequency equals the inertial frequency. However, the key is really where the tidal frequency equals the combination of planetary vorticity and relative vorticity from background currents. Although the influence of background currents on critical latitude effects and nonlinear interactions have been noted for many years, their exact impacts are not well known. The latitude dependence of critical latitude impacts on the tides, internal tides, and internal waves in the presence of background currents was investigated using the Regional Ocean Modeling System by shifting a small domain including a seamount from 20.6° to 38.6°S and comparing simulations with and without background currents. The diurnal kinetic energy with mesoscale currents was relatively unchanged for most latitudes, except for a slight decrease 1–4° poleward of the critical latitude. However, the semidiurnal and high‐frequency (≥3 cycles per day) kinetic energy increased with the presence of mesoscale currents, especially within the diurnal critical latitude range. Spectral and nonlinear analyses indicated mesoscale currents broadened the range of critical latitude effects and enhanced energy transferring from diurnal frequencies to semidiurnal and high frequencies and from low to high mode waves. Local diffusivities increased, roughly an order of magnitude, when mesoscale currents were present. The impacts of mesoscale currents on the broadening of the critical latitude range and enhancement of nonlinear interactions were attributed to the additional relative vorticity and near‐inertial internal waves generated by mesoscale currents.
Retention and Leakage of Water by Mesoscale Eddies in the East Australian Current System
Authors: Cetina‐Heredia Paulina , Roughan Moninya , van Sebille Erik , Keating Shane , Brassington Gary B. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMesoscale eddies are ubiquitous in the ocean, transporting semi‐isolated water masses as well as advecting tracers and biota. The extent to which eddies impact the environment depends on the time they retain water parcels. Here we quantify retention times of mesoscale eddies in a (1/10)° model of the East Australian Current and its extension along the southeast coast of Australia. We find that retention times vary widely, between 3 and 357 days, but peak around 24 and 27 days for anticyclones and cyclones, respectively. Changes in eddy shape, though not in eddy size, relate to water exchange between the eddy and the background flow. An increase in eccentricity (eddy elongation) often leads to water leakage, while a decrease is associated with water retention. Thus, the change in eddy eccentricity can be used as a diagnostic of the eddy's likelihood to exchange water with its surrounding. We find that water within a region of the eddy that is close to uniform rotation and rotating faster than uniform vorticity is more likely to be retained. Typical retention times are long enough for eddies to transport water across regions of contrasting hydrographic properties, develop a biogeochemical response, and influence connectivity patterns.
Clouds in Convection‐Resolving Climate Simulations Over Europe
Authors: Hentgen Laureline , Ban Nikolina , Kröner Nico , Leutwyler David , Schär Christoph 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAlthough crucial for the Earth's climate, clouds are poorly represented in current climate models, which operate at too coarse grid resolutions and rely on convection parameterizations. Thanks to advances in high‐performance computing, it is becoming feasible to perform high‐resolution climate simulations with explicitly resolved deep convection. The added value of such convection‐resolving simulations for the representation of precipitation has already been demonstrated in a number of studies, but assessments about clouds are still rare. In the present study, we analyze the representation of clouds in decade‐long convection‐resolving climate simulations (2.2‐km horizontal grid spacing) over a computational domain with 1,536 × 1,536 × 60 grid points covering Europe and compare it against coarser‐resolution convection‐parameterizing simulations (12‐km horizontal spacing). The simulations have been performed with a version of the COSMO model that runs entirely on graphics processing units. The European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts Re‐Analysis‐Interim reanalysis‐driven present climate simulations (1999–2008) show that biases in mean summertime cloudiness and top‐of‐the‐atmosphere radiation budget are reduced when convection is resolved instead of parameterized. Especially, the typically underestimated midtropospheric cloud layer is enhanced, thanks to stronger vertical exchange. Future climate simulations (2079–2088) conducted using pseudo global warming experiments for a Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 scenario show a predominating reduction in low‐level and midlevel cloud cover fraction and an increase in cloud top height, implying positive cloud‐amount and cloud‐height feedbacks. These positive feedbacks are only partly compensated by the negative cloud‐thickness feedback. Although the simulations exhibit substantial differences in terms of clouds in the present climate, the simulated cloud feedbacks are similar between the 2.2‐ and 12‐km models.
Seismic Evidence for a Paleoslab in the D" Layer Residing Adjacent to the Southeastern Edge of the Perm Anomaly
Authors: Hu Jinfeng , He Xiaobo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe Perm Anomaly, which seismologically resembles the large low‐shear velocity provinces (LLSVPs) in the lowermost mantle under Africa and the South Pacific, but is considerably smaller, has been identified beneath Eurasia. Numerical simulations have indicated that the LLSVPs dynamically interact with subducted slabs in D", producing strong deformation near the edges of the LLSVPs. The existence of deformation has been corroborated by seismic anisotropic observations in the D" layer nearby the borders of the slow anomalies such as the Perm Anomaly (Long & Lynner, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL065506; Thomas & Kendall, 2002, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246X.2002.01760.x). The existence of paleoslabs, however, has rarely been reported. Our purpose of this study, therefore, is to detect fast anomalies associated with paleoslabs near the edges of the Perm Anomaly. Here we find evidence of the existence of the D" discontinuity at a height above the core‐mantle boundary of 250 km with a +3% shear wave velocity increase; it is located adjacent to the southeastern edge of the Perm Anomaly, which is most likely due to a phase transition from perovskite to postperovskite in conjunction with the presence of slab remnants, by analyzing the Scd (the lower mantle triplication) phases recorded at stations in southeastern Europe. The existence of fast anomaly in the D" region (likely due to accumulation of a paleoslab) is further confirmed by analyzing differential traveltime residuals of SKS versus SKKS and SKKKS measured at stations in North America. The subducted slab—probably attributed to the Central China slab—at the base of the mantle may play a role in influencing the shape and location of the Perm Anomaly.
Separation of Methane Emissions From Agricultural and Natural Gas Sources in the Colorado Front Range
Authors: Kille Natalie , Chiu Randall , Frey Matthias , Hase Frank , Sha Mahesh K. , Blumenstock Thomas , Hannigan James W. , Orphal Johannes , Bon Daniel , Volkamer Rainer 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis proof‐of‐concept study demonstrates that methane (CH4) emissions from natural gas (NG) and agriculture can be disentangled using the concept of excess column observations. A network of cost‐effective sensors measured excess column‐averaged dry‐air mole fractions for CH4 (ΔXCH4), ethane (ΔXC2H6 as NG tracer), and ammonia (ΔXNH3 from agriculture) in the Denver‐Julesburg Basin during March 2015. ΔXCH4 varied up to 17 ppb and was >3 times higher with winds from directions where NG is produced. The ΔXCH4 variance is explained by variations in the C2H6‐NH3 tracer pair, attributing 63 ± 17% to NG, 25 ± 10% to agriculture, and 12 ± 12% to other sources. The ratios ΔXC2H6/ΔXCH4 (16 ± 2%; indicates wet NG) and ΔXNH3/ΔXCH4 (43 ± 12%) were compatible with in situ measured ratios. Excess columns are independent of boundary layer height, characterize gases in the open atmosphere, are inherently calibrated, average over extended spatial scales, and provide a complementary perspective to quantify and attribute CH4 emissions on regional scales.
Domestication of previously uncultivated Candidatus Desulforudis audaxviator from a deep aquifer in Siberia sheds light on its physiology and evolution
Authors: Karnachuk Olga V , Frank Yulia A , Lukina Anastasia P , Kadnikov Vitaly V , Beletsky Alexey V , Mardanov Andrey V , Ravin Nikolai V 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
An enigmatic uncultured member of Firmicutes, Candidatus Desulforudis audaxviator (CDA), is known by its genome retrieved from the deep gold mine in South Africa, where it formed a single-species ecosystem fuelled by hydrogen from water radiolysis. It was believed that in situ conditions CDA relied on scarce energy supply and did not divide for hundreds to thousand years. We have isolated CDA strain BYF from a 2-km-deep aquifer in Western Siberia and obtained a laboratory culture growing with a doubling time of 28.5 h. BYF uses not only H2 but also various organic electron donors for sulfate respiration. Growth required elemental iron, and ferrous iron did not substitute for it. A complex intracellular organization included gas vesicles, internal membranes, and electron-dense structures enriched in phosphorus, iron, and calcium. Genome comparison of BYF with the South African CDA revealed minimal differences mostly related to mobile elements and prophage insertions. Two genomes harbored &lt;800 single-nucleotide polymorphisms and had nearly identical CRISPR loci. We suggest that spores with the gas vesicles may facilitate global distribution of CDA followed by colonization of suitable subsurface environments. Alternatively, a slow evolution rate in the deep subsurface could result in high genetic similarity of CDA populations at two sites spatially separated for hundreds of millions of years.
Evidence for non-steady-state carbon emissions from snow-scoured alpine tundra
Authors: Knowles John F. , Blanken Peter D. , Lawrence Corey R. , Williams Mark W. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHigh-latitude warming is capable of accelerating permafrost degradation and the decomposition of previously frozen carbon. The existence of an analogous high-altitude feedback, however, has yet to be directly evaluated. We address this knowledge gap by coupling a radiocarbon-based model to 7 years (2008–2014) of continuous eddy covariance data from a snow-scoured alpine tundra meadow in Colorado, USA, where solifluction lobes are associated with discontinuous permafrost. On average, the ecosystem was a net annual source of 232 ± 54 g C m−2 (mean ± 1 standard deviation) to the atmosphere, and respiration of relatively radiocarbon-depleted (i.e., older) substrate contributes to carbon emissions during the winter. Given that alpine soils with permafrost occupy 3.6 × 106 km2 land area and are estimated to contain 66.3 Pg of soil organic carbon (4.5% of the global pool), this scenario has global implications for the mountain carbon balance and corresponding resource allocation to lower elevations.
Targeting glutamine-addiction and overcoming CDK4/6 inhibitor resistance in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Qie Shuo , Yoshida Akihiro , Parnham Stuart , Oleinik Natalia , Beeson Gyda C. , Beeson Craig C. , Ogretmen Besim , Bass Adam J. , Wong Kwok-Kin , Rustgi Anil K. , Diehl J. Alan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe dysregulation of Fbxo4-cyclin D1 axis occurs at high frequency in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), where it promotes ESCC development and progression. However, defining a therapeutic vulnerability that results from this dysregulation has remained elusive. Here we demonstrate that Rb and mTORC1 contribute to Gln-addiction upon the dysregulation of the Fbxo4-cyclin D1 axis, which leads to the reprogramming of cellular metabolism. This reprogramming is characterized by reduced energy production and increased sensitivity of ESCC cells to combined treatment with CB-839 (glutaminase 1 inhibitor) plus metformin/phenformin. Of additional importance, this combined treatment has potent efficacy in ESCC cells with acquired resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors in vitro and in xenograft tumors. Our findings reveal a molecular basis for cancer therapy through targeting glutaminolysis and mitochondrial respiration in ESCC with dysregulated Fbxo4-cyclin D1 axis as well as cancers resistant to CDK4/6 inhibitors.
Capturing site-specific heterogeneity with large-scale N-glycoproteome analysis
Authors: Riley Nicholas M. , Hebert Alexander S. , Westphall Michael S. , Coon Joshua J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractProtein glycosylation is a highly important, yet poorly understood protein post-translational modification. Thousands of possible glycan structures and compositions create potential for tremendous site heterogeneity. A lack of suitable analytical methods for large-scale analyses of intact glycopeptides has limited our abilities both to address the degree of heterogeneity across the glycoproteome and to understand how this contributes biologically to complex systems. Here we show that N-glycoproteome site-specific microheterogeneity can be captured via large-scale glycopeptide profiling methods enabled by activated ion electron transfer dissociation (AI-ETD), ultimately characterizing 1,545 N-glycosites (>5,600 unique N-glycopeptides) from mouse brain tissue. Our data reveal that N-glycosylation profiles can differ between subcellular regions and structural domains and that N-glycosite heterogeneity manifests in several different forms, including dramatic differences in glycosites on the same protein. Moreover, we use this large-scale glycoproteomic dataset to develop several visualizations that will prove useful for analyzing intact glycopeptides in future studies.
Breeders that receive help age more slowly in a cooperatively breeding bird
Authors: Hammers Martijn , Kingma Sjouke A. , Spurgin Lewis G. , Bebbington Kat , Dugdale Hannah L. , Burke Terry , Komdeur Jan , Richardson David S. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHelping by group members is predicted to lead to delayed senescence by affecting the trade-off between current reproduction and future survival for dominant breeders. Here we investigate this prediction in the Seychelles warbler,Acrocephalus sechellensis, in which mainly female subordinate helpers (both co-breeders and non-breeding helpers) often help dominants raise offspring. We find that the late-life decline in survival usually observed in this species is greatly reduced in female dominants when a helper is present. Female dominants with a female helper show reduced telomere attrition, a measure that reflects biological ageing in this and other species. Finally, the probability of having female, but not male, helpers increases with dominant female age. Our results suggest that delayed senescence is a key benefit of cooperative breeding for elderly dominants and support the idea that sociality and delayed senescence are positively self-reinforcing. Such an effect may help explain why social species often have longer lifespans.
Accurate autocorrelation modeling substantially improves fMRI reliability
Authors: Olszowy Wiktor , Aston John , Rua Catarina , Williams Guy B. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractGiven the recent controversies in some neuroimaging statistical methods, we compare the most frequently used functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) analysis packages: AFNI, FSL and SPM, with regard to temporal autocorrelation modeling. This process, sometimes known as pre-whitening, is conducted in virtually all task fMRI studies. Here, we employ eleven datasets containing 980 scans corresponding to different fMRI protocols and subject populations. We found that autocorrelation modeling in AFNI, although imperfect, performed much better than the autocorrelation modeling of FSL and SPM. The presence of residual autocorrelated noise in FSL and SPM leads to heavily confounded first level results, particularly for low-frequency experimental designs. SPM’s alternative pre-whitening method, FAST, performed better than SPM’s default. The reliability of task fMRI studies could be improved with more accurate autocorrelation modeling. We recommend that fMRI analysis packages provide diagnostic plots to make users aware of any pre-whitening problems.