bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal and hydraulic characteristics of a triangular duct using an Al2O3 nanofluid in a turbulent flow regime
Authors: Taamneh Yazan , Kabeel A. E. , Prakash N. , Sathyamurthy Ravishankar , Chamkha Ali J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper presents the computational analysis of convective heat transfer characteristics, pressure drop, and entropy generation characteristics of Al2O3/water nanofluids in a noncircular duct (triangular) using a single phase approach under a turbulent flow regime. The thermal and pressure drop characteristics of different concentrations of Al2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) and the analysis were carried out in Fluent software using a k‐ε approach under constant wall heat flux around the boundary. The results show that there is an increase in pressure drop and thereby an increase in friction by 20% for the smooth condition. The total pressure drop between the entry and exit section of the duct is increased to approximately 84.2% and 85.6% for a higher Reynolds number (Re = 10 000) compared with that of base fluid. Similarly, the entropy generation of water is increased by 40% as compared with 0.05% and 0.1% Al2O3 NPs. There is also a decrease in entropy generation identified while there is an increase in the Reynolds number. The convective heat transfer of 0.05% and 0.1% nanofluid has a similar trend with increased Reynolds number. The maximum performance is observed at the Reynolds number (Re = 4000) and found to be 1.29 for 0.1% concentration, whereas, the fluid at 0.05% is observed to be at 1.23. At a higher Reynolds number (Re = 10 000) the performance index decreased to approximately 1.19 and 1.25 for 0.05% and 0.1%, respectively.
Revising Environmental Quality Standards: Lessons Learned
Authors: Korkaric Muris , Junghans Marion , Pasanen-Kase Robert , Werner Inge 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
An environmental quality standard (EQS) is a threshold value applied in regulatory monitoring for retrospective environmental risk assessment. However, an EQS may vary with time and between countries with shared water bodies, challenging coherent risk management. This study aimed to analyze the underlying reasons for changes in EQS values following a revision of previously derived EQSs for 62 substances. Relevant data were retrieved from publicly accessible databases, available literature, registration dossiers, and, in some cases, provided by manufacturers. Ecotoxicological data were assessed regarding reliability and relevance. As in previous studies, EQS derivation followed the European Union guideline. Overall, 61 annual average EQSs (AA-EQS) and 58 maximum acceptable concentration EQSs (MAC-EQS) were derived. Size and completeness of data sets generally increased due to the revision. AA-EQSs increased in 13 cases and decreased in 21 cases. MAC-EQSs increased in 22 cases and decreased in 11 cases. Most EQSs were derived using the deterministic assessment factor (AF) method. The number of substances for which EQSs were derived probabilistically by reference to the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) method increased from 2 to 5 AA-EQSs and from 6 to 11 MAC-EQSs. For AA-EQS derivation, AFs were reduced in 14 cases and increased in 6 cases. For MAC-EQS derivation, AFs were reduced in 9 cases and increased in 2 cases. Results demonstrate that the revisions did not generally lead to either lower or higher EQSs. The majority of EQSs (&gt;93%) changed less than 10-fold. Clearly, EQSs based on small or incomplete data sets with large AFs were more prone to considerable changes in their numeric values when revised than EQSs based on SSDs. Thus, revision can reduce uncertainty and increase robustness of an EQS. In this study, however, available data continued to be insufficient to construct SSDs for the majority of substances. This was mostly due to a lack of reliable data. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2019;00:1–13. © 2019 SETAC
Interpreting shocks to the relative price of investment with a two‐sector model
Authors: Guerrieri Luca , Henderson Dale , Kim Jinill 
Published: July 2019

SummaryConsumption and investment comove over the business cycle in response to shocks that permanently move the price of investment. The interpretation of these shocks has relied on standard one‐sector models or on models with two or more sectors that can be aggregated. We show that the same interpretation can also be motivated with a model that captures key features of the US Input–Output Tables and cannot be aggregated into a standard one‐sector model. Our alternative model yields a closer match to the empirical evidence of positive comovement for consumption and investment subject shocks that permanently move the price of investment.
Deep learning‐based color holographic microscopy
Authors: Liu Tairan , Wei Zhensong , Rivenson Yair , de Haan Kevin , Zhang Yibo , Wu Yichen , Ozcan Aydogan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe report a framework based on a generative adversarial network that performs high‐fidelity color image reconstruction using a single hologram of a sample that is illuminated simultaneously by light at three different wavelengths. The trained network learns to eliminate missing‐phase‐related artifacts, and generates an accurate color transformation for the reconstructed image. Our framework is experimentally demonstrated using lung and prostate tissue sections that are labeled with different histological stains. This framework is envisaged to be applicable to point‐of‐care histopathology and presents a significant improvement in the throughput of coherent microscopy systems given that only a single hologram of the specimen is required for accurate color imaging.
Association Between Abdominal Aortic Calcification, Bone Mineral Density, and Fracture in Older Women
Authors: Lewis Joshua R , Eggermont Celeste J , Schousboe John T , Lim Wai H , Wong Germaine , Khoo Ben , Sim Marc , Yu MingXiang , Ueland Thor , Bollerslev Jens , Hodgson Jonathan M , Zhu Kun , Wilson Kevin E , Kiel Douglas P , Prince Richard L 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Although a relationship between vascular disease and osteoporosis has been recognized, its clinical importance for fracture risk evaluation remains uncertain. Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC), a recognized measure of vascular disease detected on single-energy images performed for vertebral fracture assessment, may also identify increased osteoporosis risk. In a prospective 10-year study of 1024 older predominantly white women (mean age 75.0 ± 2.6 years) from the Perth Longitudinal Study of Aging cohort, we evaluated the association between AAC, skeletal structure, and fractures. AAC and spine fracture were assessed at the time of hip densitometry and heel quantitative ultrasound. AAC was scored 0 to 24 (AAC24) and categorized into low AAC (score 0 and 1, n = 459), moderate AAC (score 2 to 5, n = 373), and severe AAC (score text-decoration:underline6, n = 192). Prevalent vertebral fractures were calculated using the Genant semiquantitative method. AAC24 scores were inversely related to hip BMD ( rs = –0.077, p = 0.013), heel broadband ultrasound attenuation ( rs = –0.074, p = 0.020), and the Stiffness Index ( rs = –0.073, p = 0.022). In cross-sectional analyses, women with moderate to severe AAC were more likely to have prevalent fracture and lumbar spine imaging-detected lumbar spine fractures, but not thoracic spine fractures (Mantel-Haenszel test of trend p &lt; 0.05). For 10-year incident clinical fractures and fracture-related hospitalizations, women with moderate to severe AAC (AAC24 score &gt;1) had increased fracture risk (HR 1.48; 95% CI, 1.15 to 1.91; p = 0.002; HR 1.46; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.99; p = 0.019, respectively) compared with women with low AAC. This relationship remained significant after adjusting for age and hip BMD for clinical fractures (HR 1.40; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.81; p = 0.010), but was attenuated for fracture-related hospitalizations (HR 1.33; 95% CI, 0.98 to 1.83; p = 0.073). In conclusion, older women with more marked AAC are at higher risk of fracture, not completely captured by bone structural predictors. These findings further support the concept that vascular calcification and bone pathology may share similar mechanisms of causation that remain to be fully elucidated © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
The protective effect of cycloastragenol on aging mouse circadian rhythmic disorder induced by d‐galactose
Authors: Liu Jing , Gao Dongxiao , Dan Juhua , Liu Dan , Peng Lei , Zhou Ruoyu , Luo Ying 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAging process in mammals is associated with a decline in amplitude and a long period of circadian behaviors which are regulated by a central circadian regulator in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and local oscillators in peripheral tissues. It is unclear whether enhancing clock function can retard aging. Using fibroblasts expressing per2::lucSV and senescent cells, we revealed cycloastragenol (CAG), a natural aglycone derivative from astragaloside IV, as a clock amplitude enhancing small molecule. CAG could activate telomerase to antiaging, but no reports focused on its effects on circadian rhythm disorders in aging mice. Here we analyze the potential effects of CAG on d‐galactose‐induced aging mice on the circadian behavior and expression of clock genes. For this purpose, CAG (20 mg/kg orally), was administered daily to d‐galactose (150 mg/kg, subcutaneous) mice model of aging for 6 weeks. An actogram analysis of free‐running activity of these mice showed that CAG significantly enhances the locomotor activity. We further found that CAG increase expressions of per2 and bmal1 genes in liver and kidney of aging mouse. Furthermore, CAG enhanced clock protein BMAL1 and PER2 levels in aging mouse liver and SCN. Our results indicated that the CAG could restore the behavior of circadian rhythm in aging mice induced by d‐galactose. These data of present study suggested that CAG could be used as a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of age‐related circadian rhythm disruption.
Complementation of dopaminergic signaling by Pitx3–GDNF synergy induces dopamine secretion by multipotent Ntera2 cells
Authors: Eskandarian Boroujeni Mahdi , Aliaghaei Abbas , Maghsoudi Nader , Gardaneh Mossa 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHuman teratocarcinoma cell line Ntera2 (NT2) expresses dopamine signals and has shown its safe profile for clinical applications. Attempts to restore complete dopaminergic (DAergic) phenotype enabling these cells to secrete dopamine have not been fully successful so far. We applied a blend of gene transfer techniques and a defined medium to convert NT2 cells to fully DAergic. The cells were primarily engineered to overexpress the Pitx3 gene product and then cultured in a growth medium supplemented with knockout serum and retinoic acid to form embroid bodies (EBs). Trypsinization of EB colonies produced single cells ready for differentiation. Neuronal/DAergic induction was promoted by applying conditioned medium taken from engineered human astrocytomas over‐secreting glial cell‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). Immunocytochemistry, reverse‐transcription and real‐time polymerase chain reaction analyses confirmed significantly induced expression of molecules involved in dopamine signaling and metabolism including tyrosine hydroxylase, Nurr1, dopamine transporter, and aromatic acid decarboxylase. High‐performance liquid chromatography analysis indicated release of dopamine only from a class of fully differentiated cells expressing Pitx3 and exposed to GDNF. In addition, Pitx3 and GDNF additively promoted in vitro neuroprotection against Parkinsonian toxin. One month after transplantation to the striatum of 6‐OHDA‐leasioned rats, differentiated NT2 cells survived and induced significant increase in striatal volume. Besides, cell implantation improved motor coordination in Parkinson's disease (PD) rat models. Our findings highlight the importance of Pitx3–GDNF interplay in dopamine signaling and indicate that our strategy might be useful for the restoration of DAergic fate of NT2 cells to make them clinically applicable toward cell replacement therapy of PD.
Overexpressed IGFBP5 promotes cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis of nucleus pulposus derived from rats with disc degeneration through inactivating the ERK/MAPK axis
Authors: Wang Tao , Wang Chun‐Ju , Tian Shuang , Song Hai‐Bo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIt is previously suggested that insulin‐like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) potentially share an association with disc degeneration (DD) that causes back pain. This study aimed at exploring the functional relevance of IGFBP5 in DD by establishing a rat model of DD. The nucleus pulposus (NP) cells were transduced with IGFBP5‐shRNA or IGFBP5 overexpression to determine the cellular processes (proliferation, apoptosis, as well as colony formation). The protein levels of apoptosis‐related proteins were evaluated. Furthermore, NP cells were treated with the extracellular signal‐regulated kinases/mitogen‐activated protein kinase (ERK/MAPK) pathway inhibitor (PD98059) followed by measurement of ERK protein level and ERK phosphorylation content. The NP cells showed suppressed proliferation and colony formation ability, yet promoted apoptosis after transfection with IGFBP5‐shRNA. It was found that silencing of IGFBP5 could lead to the ERK/MAPK axis activation, as indicated by an elevated ERK protein level and ERK phosphorylation content. However, overexpression of IGFBP5 could reverse all the reaction induced by silenced IGFBP5. These key findings demonstrate that overexpressed IGFBP5 inactivates the ERK/MAPK axis to stimulate the proliferation and inhibit apoptosis of NP cells in a rat model of DD.
Codon usage of human hepatitis C virus clearance genes in relation to its expression
Authors: Singh Pratichi , Venkatesan Arthi , Padmanabhan Parasuraman , Gulyas Balazs , Dass J Febin Prabhu 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is among the leading causes of hepatocellular carcinoma and liver cirrhosis globally, with a high economic burden. The disease progression is well established, but less is known about the spontaneous HCV infection clearance. This study tries to establish the relationship between codon biasness and expression of HCV clearance candidate genes in normal and HCV infected liver tissues. A total of 112 coding sequences comprising 151 679 codons were subjected to the computation of codon indices, namely relative synonymous codon usage, an effective number of codon (Nc), frequency of optimal codon, codon adaptation index, codon bias index, and base compositions. Codon indices report of GC3s, GC12, hydropathicity, and aromaticity implicates both mutational and translational selection in the candidate gene set. This was further correlated with the differentially expressed genes among the selected genes using BioGPS. A significant correlation is observed between the gene expression of normal liver and cancerous liver tissues with codon bias (Nc). Gene expression is also correlated with relative codon bias values, indicating that CCL5, APOA2, CD28, IFITM1, and TNFSF4 genes have higher expression. These results are quite encouraging in selecting the high responsive genes in HCV clearance. However, there could be additional genes which could also orchestrate the clearance role with the above mentioned first line of defensive genes.
Using block designs in crossing number bounds
Authors: Asplund John , Clark Gregory , Cochran Garner , Czabarka Éva , Hamm Arran , Spencer Gwen , Székely László , Taylor Libby , Wang Zhiyu 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe crossing number of a graph is the smallest number of edge crossings over all drawings of in the plane. For any , the ‐planar crossing number of , is defined as the minimum of over all graphs with . Pach et al [Comput. Geom.: Theory Appl. 68 (2018), pp. 2–6] showed that for every , we have and that this bound does not remain true if we replace the constant by any number smaller than . We improve the upper bound to as . For the class of bipartite graphs, we show that the best constant is exactly for every . The results extend to the rectilinear variant of the ‐planar crossing number.
RETRACTED: microRNA‐95 knockdown inhibits epithelial–mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cell phenotype in gastric cancer cells through MAPK pathway by upregulating DUSP5
Authors: Du Mei  , Zhuang Yuan , Tan Peng , Yu Zongbu , Zhang Xiutian , Wang Aihua 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study investigated the role of microRNA‐95 (miR‐95) in gastric cancer (GC) and to elucidate the underlying mechanism. Initially, bioinformatic prediction was used to predict the differentially expressed genes and related miRNAs in GC. miR‐95 and DUSP5 expression was altered in GC cell line (MGC803) to evaluate their respective effects on the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, cellular processes (cell proliferation, migration, invasion, cell cycle, and apoptosis), cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotype, as well as tumor growth ability. It was further predicted in bioinformatic prediction and verified in GC tissue and cell line experiments that miR‐95 was highly expressed in GC. miR‐95 negatively regulated DUSP5, which resulted in the MAPK pathway activation. Inhibited miR‐95 or overexpressed DUSP5 was observed to inhibit the levels of CSC markers (CD133, CD44, ALDH1, and Lgr5), highlighting the inhibitory role in the CSC phenotype. More important, evidence was obtained demonstrating that miR‐95 knockdown or DUSP5 upregulation exerted an inhibitory effect on the EMT process, cellular processes, and tumor growth. Together these results, miR‐95 knockdown inhibited GC development via DUSP5‐dependent MAPK pathway.
Biological and clinical relevance of metastasis‐associated long noncoding RNAs in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review
Authors: Talebi Atefeh , Masoodi Mohsen , Mirzaei Alireza , Mehrad‐Majd Hassan , Azizpour Mazaher , Akbari Abolfazl 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEsophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a foremost cancer‐related death worldwide owing to rapid metastasis and poor prognosis. Metastasis, as the most important reason for death, is biologically a multifaceted process involving a range of cell signaling pathways. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), as transcriptional regulators, can regulate numerous genomic processes and cellular processes such as cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. LncRNAs have also been shown to involve in/regulate the cancer metastasis‐related signaling pathways. Hence, they have increasingly been brought to international attention in molecular oncology research. A number of researchers have attempted to reveal the biological and clinical relevance of lncRNAs in ESCC tumourigenesis and metastasis. The aberrant expression of these molecules in ESCC has regularly been reported to involve in various cellular processes and clinical features, including diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic responses. Here, we especially consider the pathways in which lncRNAs act as metastasis‐mediated effectors, mainly by interacting with epithelial–mesenchymal transition‐associated factors. We review the biological roles of lncRNAs through involving in ESCC metastasis as well as the clinical significance of the metastasis‐related lncRNAs in cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
O‐Mannosylation Affords a Glycopeptide Hydrogel with Inherent Antibacterial Activities against E. coli via Multivalent Interactions between Lectins and Supramolecular Assemblies
Authors: Li Jing , Liang Shufeng , Yan Yufei , Tian Xin , Li Xinming 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMultivalent carbohydrate–lectin interactions play a crucial role in bacterial infection. Biomimicry of multivalent glycosystems represents a major strategy in the repression of bacterial growth. In this study, a new kind of glycopeptide (Naphthyl‐Phe‐Phe‐Ser‐Tyr, NMY) scaffold with mannose modification is designed and synthesized, which is able to perform supramolecular self‐assembly with the assistance of catalytic enzyme, and present multiple mannose ligands on its self‐assembled structure to target mannose‐binding proteins. Relying on multivalent carbohydrate–lectin interactions, the glycopeptide hydrogel is able to bind Escherichia coli (E. coli) in high specificity, and result in bacterial adhesion, membrane disruption and subsequent cell death. In vivo wound healing assays reveal that this glycopeptide hydrogel exhibits considerable potentials for promoting wound healing and preventing E. coli infection in a full‐thickness skin defect mouse model. Therefore, through a specific mannose–lectin interaction, a biocompatible hydrogel with inherent antibacterial activity against E. coli is achieved without the need to resort to antibiotic or antimicrobial agent treatment, highlighting the potential role of sugar‐coated nanomaterials in wound healing and control of bacterial pathogenesis.
Delay multiply and sum beamforming method applied to enhance linear‐array passive acoustic mapping of ultrasound cavitation
Authors: Lu Shukuan , Li Renyan , Yu Xianbo , Wang Diya , Wan Mingxi 
Published: July 2019

PurposePassive acoustic mapping (PAM) has been proposed as a means of monitoring ultrasound therapy, particularly nonthermal cavitation‐mediated applications. In PAM, the most common beamforming algorithm is a delay, sum, and integrate (DSAI) approach. However, using DSAI leads to low‐quality images for the case where a narrow‐aperture receiving array such as a standard B‐mode linear array is used. This study aims to propose an enhanced linear‐array PAM algorithm based on delay, multiply, sum, and integrate (DMSAI).MethodsIn the proposed algorithm, before summation, the delayed signals are combinatorially coupled and multiplied, which means that the beamformed output of the proposed algorithm is the spatial coherence of received acoustic emissions. We tested the performance of the proposed DMSAI using both simulated and experimental data and compared it with DSAI. The reconstructed cavitation images were evaluated quantitatively by using source location errors between the two algorithms, full width at half maximum (FWHM), size of point spread function (A50 area), signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), and computational time.ResultsThe results of simulations and experiments for single cavitation source show that, by introducing DMSAI, the FWHM and the A50 area are reduced and the SNR is improved compared with those obtained by DSAI. The simulation results for two symmetric or nonsymmetric cavitation sources and multiple cavitation sources show that DMSAI can significantly reduce the A50 area and improve the SNR, therefore improving the detectability of multiple cavitation sources.ConclusionsThe results indicate that the proposed DMSAI algorithm outperforms the conventionally used DSAI algorithm. This work may have the potential of providing an appropriate method for ultrasound therapy monitoring.