bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flow-controlled ventilation (FCV) improves regional ventilation in obese patients – a randomized controlled crossover trial
Authors: Weber Jonas , Straka Leonie , Borgmann Silke , Schmidt Johannes , Wirth Steffen , Schumann Stefan 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background:
In obese patients, high closing capacity and low functional residual capacity increase the risk for expiratory alveolar collapse. Constant expiratory flow, as provided by the new flow-controlled ventilation (FCV) mode, was shown to improve lung recruitment. We hypothesized that lung aeration and respiratory mechanics improve in obese patients during FCV.
Methods:
We compared FCV and volume-controlled (VCV) ventilation in 23 obese patients in a randomized cross-over setting. Starting with baseline (BL) measurements, ventilation settings were kept identical except for the ventilation mode related differences (VCV: I:E ratio 1:2 with passive expiration, FCV I:E ratio 1:1 with active, linearized expiration). Primary endpoint of the study was the change of end-expiratory lung volume (EELV) compared to BL ventilation. Secondary endpoints were the change of mean lung volume (MLV), respiratory mechanics and hemodynamic variables and.
Results:
The loss of EELV and MLV compared to BL was lower during FCV compared to VCV (ΔEELV: FCV, -126 ±207 ml; VCV, -316 ±254 ml; p < 0.001, ΔMLV: FCV, -108.2 ±198.6 ml; VCV, -315.8 ±252.1 ml; p < 0.001) and at comparable plateau pressure (PPlat: BL, 19.6 ±3.7; VCV, 20.2 ±3.4; FCV, 20.2 ±3.8 cmH2O; p = 0.441), mean tracheal pressure was higher (Pmean: BL, 13.1 ±1.1; VCV, 12.9 ±1.2; FCV, 14.8 ±2.2 cmH2O; p < 0.001). All other respiratory and hemodynamic variables were comparable between the ventilation modes.
Conclusions:
This study clearly demonstrates that FCV in obese patients maintains lung aeration better than VCV at comparable PEEP, tidal volume, PPlat and ventilation frequency.
Stunting and its Determinant Factors among Early Adolescent School Girls of Gondar town, northwest Ethiopia: A school based cross -sectional study
Authors: Tamrat Azmera , Yeshaw Yigizie , Fekadu Abel 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Introduction: Stunting in adolescent have an effect on physical growth, intellectual capacity, educational achievement, work capacity and more importantly it maintains an intergenerational malnutrition burden. Stunting has been considered as a problem of children’s at early age and adolescent girls of tomorrow mothers have been neglected and studies conducted on this area are very scarce.
Methods: we conducted a school based cross-sectional study to assess the prevalence and determinant factors of stunting among early adolescent school girls (age 10-14 years) of Gondar town. A multi stage sampling method was used to select a sample of 662 adolescent girls in selected primary schools in Gondar Town. Pre-tested structured interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect the required data. We used SPSS Version 20.0 and WHO Anthro-plus software to analyze the data. Bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were run to identify factors associated with adolescent stunting. Adjusted odds ratio with its 95% confidence interval and a P- value ≤ 0.05 was used to declare a statistical significant.
Results: We estimated a prevalence of stunting to be 27.5% [95% CI: 25.5% - 29.5%]. The odds of stunting in adolescent girls was found to be higher among those in grade 5 [AOR; 95%CI: 1.90; 1.13 - 3.20], had a meal frequency of less than or equal to three times per day [AOR; 95%CI: 2.37; 1.60-3.50], and those who are from food insecure families [AOR; 95%CI: 2.52; 1.70 - 3.73]. On the other side, adolescent girls whose their mothers’ were government employees [AOR; 95%CI: 0.48; 0.26 – 0.89] and merchants [AOR; 95%CI: 0.43; 0.28 – 0.67] were less stunted as compared to adolescent girls who had a mother who were housewife’s.
Conclusion: we found that stunting in early adolescent school girls become a significant public health problem and much needs to be done to improve nutritional status of girls in the first 1000 days of perinatal period to reduce a burden of stunting during adolescent period.
Modeling the Predictors of Stunting in Ethiopia: Analysis of 2016 Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey Data (EDHS)
Authors: Mengesha Hayelom Gebrekirstos , Vatanparast Hassan , Feng Cindy , Petrucka Pammla 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background

Despite the continued effort to address malnutrition, there is a minimal reduction in the rate of stunting in developing countries including Ethiopia. Nutritional and socioeconomic factors have not been assed using a rigorous analysis so far. Therefore, this study aims to model the effect of nutritional and socioeconomic predictors using 2016 Ethiopian Demographic health survey.

Methods

This study is a secondary of data analysis of the 2016 EDHS survey. 7909 children of age 6-59 months were included. Descriptive statistics using frequency and percentage for categorical data and mean and standard deviation for metric data were conducted. Linearity, confounding and multicolinearity were checked. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression were carried out. Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were calculated. Receiver operative curve was built to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of the model.

Result

The study identified as 39.2% of children included to this analysis were stunted. 76.47%, 84.27%, 92.62% of the children did not consume fruits and vegetables, legumes and lentils, and meat and its products respectively. Children aged 24 month to 59 months were at 9.71 times higher risk of being stunted compared to younger children of age 6-24 months old (AOR: 9.71; CI: 8.07, 11.6 children) with weights below 9.1 kilogram were at 27.86 odds of being stunted compared to those weight of 23.3 kg and above. Moreover, mothers below 150 cm tall (AOR: 2.01; CI: 1.76, 2.5), living in a rural area (AOR: 1.3, CI: 1.09, 1.54) and being male (AOR: 1.4; CI: 1.26, 1.56) were associated with stunting. Predictive ability of the model was 77% correctly such pair of observation.

Conclusion

The model indicates that being born male, being from a mother of short stature, living in the rural area, small child size, mother with mild anemia, being from a husband with no education or primary education only, having low weight, and reaching age above 24 months increases the likelihood of stunting. On the other hand, being born of an overweight or obese mother decreases the likelihood of stunting.
Molecular Characterisation of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Reveals Emergence of Drug Resistant O15, O22, and O25 Serogroups
Authors: Prakapaite Ruta , Saab Frederic , Planciuniene Rita , Petraitis Vidmantas , Walsh Thomas J. , Petraitiene Ruta , Semoskaite Rasa , Baneviciene Rasa , Kalediene Lilija , Kavaliauskas Povilas 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are common pathogens causing urinary tract infections (UTIs). We aimed to investigate the relationship among clinical manifestation, serogroups, phylogenetic groups, and antimicrobial resistance among UPEC.
Methods One-hundred Escherichia coli isolates recovered from urine and ureteral scrapings were used for the study. The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance was determined by using EUCAST recommendations. E. coli serogroups associated with UTI, as well as phylogenetic diversity was analysed using multiplex PCR reactions.
Results Eighty-seven strains (87%) were isolated from females, while 13 (13%) from males. A high frequency of resistance to cephalosporins (43%) and fluoroquinolones (31%) was observed. Among UTI-associated serogroups, O15 (32.8%), O22 (23.4%), and O25 (15.6%) were dominant and demonstrated elevated resistance rates. The E. coli phylogenetic group B2 was most common. These observations extended to pregnant patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria.
Conclusions Due to high rates of resistance, strategies using empirical therapy of second-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones for treatment of UPEC infections should be reconsidered.
Genome-wide identification and characterization of NF-Y gene family in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Wan Qian , Luo Lu , Zhang Xiurong , Lv Yuying , Zhu Suqing , Kong Lingrang , Wan Yongshan , Liu Fengzhen , Zhang Kun 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background

Nuclear factor Y (NF-Y) gene family consists of NF-YA, NF-YB and NF-YC subfamilies. Many members of NF-Y family have been involved in plant development processes, phytohormone signaling and tolerance to stresses in Arabidopsis and other plant species. However, little attention has been given in peanut.

Results

A total of 33 AhNF-Y genes (AhNF-Ys) were identified and distributed on 16 chromosomes. A phylogenetic analysis indicated that NF-Y genes prossessed highly conservatism in different plants. Gene duplication analyze indicated that only segmental duplication were detected. The abiotic stress-related regulatory elements analysis showed that AhNF-Ys, except for AhNF-YB6, contained at least one abiotic stress response element. With RNA-seq data, the tissue/organ-specific expression and differential expression profiling under salt stress were analyzed, indicating that six selected AhNF-Y gene may play potential roles in the regulation of salt stress response. qRT-PCR results suggested that these AhNF-Y genes also responded to osmotic, ABA (Abscisic Acid) and SA (Salicylic acid) stresses.

Conclusions

In this study, thirty three AhNF-Y genes were identified in cultivated peanut and the phylogeny, gene structures, motif composition, chromosomal location, gene duplication, stress-related regulatory elements, and expression patterns were also examined. These results may contribute to functional characterization of AhNF-Y genes in further research.
WITHDRAWN: SOX13 Dependent PAX8 Expression Promotes the Proliferation of Gastric Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Bie Liang-Yu , Li Dan , Wei Yan , Li Ning , Chen Xiao-Bing , Luo Su-Xia 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

PAX8 is identified as a regulator in the pathogenesis of human tumors and an indicator of the prognosis for patients. However, the role of PAX8 on proliferation in gastric cancer have not been studied. This study was aimed to explore the expression pattern of PAX8 in gastric cancer, and investigate the effect of PAX8 on the proliferation of gastric cancer cells. PAX8 and SOX13 were identified to be synchronously upregulated in primary gastric cancer in human gastric cancer tissues and the gastric cancer datasets of TCGA, and gastric cancer patients of combined high PAX8 and SOX13 expression showed poor prognosis. Furthermore, SOX13 can mediate PAX8 and its targeted genes, Aurora B and Cyclin B1, expression in AGS and MGC803 cell lines. Flow cytometry and EdU incorporation assays showed that silencing PAX8 can block the cell cycle of gastric cancer cell in G1 phase and SOX13 expression can rescue the arrested proliferative process induced by PAX8 silenced in CCK8 and colony formation assays. Thus, combined SOX13 and PAX8 expression regulate the proliferation of gastric cancer cells, and both SOX13 and PAX8 play an oncogene function in gastric cancer.
Fibrin γ/γ' influences the secretion of fibrinolytic components and clot structure
Authors: Marchi Rita , Cantero Miriam , Rojas Héctor , Anglés-Cano Eduardo 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background

In healthy subjects fibrinogen γ/γ' circulates at 8-15% of the total plasma fibrinogen concentration. Elevated levels of this variant have been associated with arterial thrombosis and its diminution with venous thrombosis. The aims of the present work were to analyze the structure of the fibrin network formed on the top of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) at different fibrinogen γ/γ' concentrations, as well as its influence on the secretion of fibrinolytic components.

Methods

The kinetics of fibrin polymerization on top of HMEC-1 cells with 3, 10, and 30% fibrinogen γ/γ' was followed at 350 nm. The secretion of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI 1) by HMEC-1 were measured in the supernatant and cell lysates, after incubation with 1 nM thrombin, fibrin with 3%, and 30% fibrinogen γ/γ', using commercial kits. The influence of fibrinogen γ/γ' on fibrin structure on the surface of the HMEC-1 was followed with laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM).

Results

The kinetic of fibrin formation on HMEC-1 with 3% and 10% fibrinogen γ/γ' was similar. However, with 30% fibrinogen γ/γ' both the slope and final turbity were approximately 50% less. The LSCM images showed the dramatic effects of increasing fibrinogen γ/γ' from 3% to 30%. The uPA and PAI 1 concentrations in culture supernatants HMEC-1 cells treated with thrombin or 30% γ/γ' fibrin were two-fold increased as compared to basal culture supernatants and 3% γ/γ' fibrin-treated HMEC-1. In all stimulatory conditions the intracellular concentration of uPA was higher than in supernatants. In contrast, the intracellular PAI 1 concentration was decreased as compared to that measured in the supernatant, including the basal condition.

Conclusion

A concentration of 30% fibrin γ/γ' alter drastically fibrin structure on the cell surface and affects the secretion of uPA and PAI 1 through its capacity to bind thrombin.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN EARLY CHILDHOOD CARIES AND MALNUTRITION IN A SUB-URBAN POPULATION IN NIGERIA
Authors: Folayan Morenike Oluwatoyin , Arije Olujide , Tantawi Maha El , Kolawole Kikelomo Adebanke , Obiyan Mary , Arowolo Olaniyi , Oziegbe Elizabeth O 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background

To determine the association between malnutrition and early childhood caries (ECC) in preschool children resident in sub-urban, Nigeria.

Methods

This is a secondary analysis of a cross sectional study with data generated through a household setting. Variables (sex, frequency of sugar consumption, maternal knowledge of oral hygiene, oral hygiene status) associated with ECC in a primary study conducted in the Ile-Ife, Nigeria, were adjusted for using Poisson regression analysis.

Results

Of the 370 pre-school children, 20 (5.4%) were underweight, 20 (5.4%) were overweight, 67 (18.1%) were wasting, and 120 (32.4%) were stunted. Factors associated positively or negatively with ECC were stunted, underweight, overweight and fair oral hygiene. The prevalence of ECC was lower in children who were stunted (APR: 0.16), almost seven times higher in children who were overweight (APR: 6.88), and predictively absent in children who were underweight (APR: 0) when compared with children who had normal weight. Non-significant risk indicators for ECC included consuming sugar between meals three times a day or more (APR: 2.18), having low socioeconomic status (APR: 2.4) and being female (APR: 2.9).

Conclusions

For this study population, the indicators of malnutrition – being stunted, underweight, overweight - and fair oral hygiene were risk indicators for ECC, while the frequency of sugar consumption was not a significant risk indicator. Further studies are needed to identify if there are other mediators of an association between ECC and nutrition apart from sugar consumption.
Primary Outcomes of combined cataract extraction technique with ab-interno trabeculectomy  Dual-Blade and Endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation in patients with primary open angle glaucoma
Authors: Izquierdo Juan Carlos , Mejias Josefina , Cañola Laura , Agudelo Natalia , Rubio Barbara 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Purpose:  To provide an update of primary outcomes of combined phacoemulsification technique with ab-interno trabeculectomy  Dual Blade and Endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation (ECP) in patients with primary open angle glaucoma.
Methods: Retrospective case series comprised 27 consecutive eyes, with open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and cataract with combined phacoemulsification, ab-interno trabeculectomy-Kahook Dual Blade and Endocyclophotocoagulation at Instituto de ojos Oftalmosalud, Lima, Perú, between April 2017 and May 2017. Inclusion criteria were Glaucoma patients with POAG from mild to severe, according to Glaucoma Grading Scale (HODAPP), cataract condition, treatment with two or more glaucoma medications and visual field defects continued worsen. Intraocular pressure (IOP), Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) logMAR, and number of glaucoma medications were recorded before, and 1 day, 1 week, and 1, 3, 6 and 9 months after surgery. Defining succes as IOP <14 mmHg with or without medications.
Results:  A total of 27 cases of glaucoma eyes were included. The mean IOP was 17.0±3.7 mmHg preoperatively, 11.6±1.9mmHg at 6 months, and 11.4±1.8 mmHg at 9 months(P<0.001). There was a corresponding drop in glaucoma medications from 1.9±1.41 at mean to 0.56±1.05 at 9 months (P<0.001). Preoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) showed and improvement preoperative value from 0.4± 0.4 LogMAR (p= 0.001) to 0.2 ± 0.4 logMAR at 9 months. The main complication was blood reflux intraoperatively(66.7%), resolved within a few days. The mean IOP was reduce 32.9% from baseline and the qualifed succes was 92.6% at 9 months.
Conclusions:  Cataract extraction with phacoemulsification combined with ab-interno trabeculectomy Dual Blade and endoscopic Cyclophotocoagulation effectively lowered IOP and dependence on glaucoma medications.
Tranexamic acid for acute gastrointestinal bleeding (The HALT-IT trial): Statistical analysis plan for an international, randomised, double blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Brenner Amy Charlotte , Afolabi Adefemi , Ahmad Syed Masroor , Arribas Monica , Chaudhri Rizwana , Coats Timothy , Cuzick Jack , Gilmore Ian , Hawkey Christopher , Jairath Vipul , Javaid Kiran , Kayani Aasia , Mutti Muttiullah , Nadeem Muhammad Arif , Shakur-Still Haleema , Stanworth Simon , Veitch Andrew , Roberts Ian 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background:
Acute gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is an important cause of mortality worldwide. Bleeding can occur from the upper or lower GI tract, with upper GI bleeding accounting for most cases. The main causes include peptic ulcer / erosive mucosal disease, oesophageal varices and malignancy. The case fatality rate is around 10% for upper GI bleeding and 3% for lower GI bleeding. Rebleeding affects 5-40% of patients and is associated with a four-fold increased risk of death. Tranexamic acid (TXA) decreases bleeding and the need for blood transfusion in surgery and reduces death due to bleeding in patients with trauma and postpartum haemorrhage. It reduces bleeding by inhibiting the breakdown of fibrin clots by plasmin. Due to the methodological weaknesses and small size of the existing trials, the effectiveness and safety of TXA in GI bleeding is uncertain. The HALT-IT trial aims to provide reliable evidence about the effects of TXA in acute upper and lower GI bleeding.

Methods:
The HALT-IT trial is an international, randomised, double blind (participant and trial staff), placebo-controlled trial of tranexamic acid in 12,000 adults (increased from 8,000) with acute upper or lower GI bleeding. Eligible patients are randomly allocated to receive tranexamic acid (1g loading dose followed by 3g maintenance dose over 24 hours) or matching placebo. The main analysis will compare those randomised to tranexamic acid with those randomised to placebo on an intention-to-treat basis, presenting the results as effect estimates (relative risks) and confidence intervals. The primary outcome is death due to bleeding within 5 days of randomisation and secondary outcomes are rebleeding, all-cause and cause-specific mortality, thromboembolic events, complications, endoscopic, radiological and surgical interventions, blood transfusion requirements, disability (defined by a measure of patient’s self-care capacity) and number of days spent in intensive care or high dependency units. Subgroup analyses for the primary outcome will consider time to treatment, location of bleeding, cause of bleed and clinical Rockall score.

Discussion:
We present the statistical analysis of the HALT-IT trial. This plan was published before the treatment allocation was un-blinded.
Multimodal imaging of torpedo maculopathy in a Chinese woman: a case report
Authors: Ding Yuhua , Yao Bangtao , Ye Hui , Yu Yan 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background: Torpedo maculopathy is a rare, benign, and congenital macular lesion that typically appears in a ‘torpedo-shape’ and is located at the temporal macula region. This study aimed to describe in detail regarding torpedo maculopathy in a Chinese woman using multimodal imaging.
Case presentation: A 30-year-old Chinese woman with occasional yellowish-white macular lesions in her right eye during a routine examination was presented to our hospital. She had no other symptoms, and the best-corrected visual acuity of both eyes was 6/6. Funduscopic examination revealed a torpedo-shaped and mild hypopigmented lesion in the temporal macular area of her right eye. Infrared fundal (IR) images showed visible lesion contour, transverse elliptical, and with a tip pointing towards the central fovea of the macula. Microperimetry visual field appeared normal. The spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) showed a normal inner retina, with mild thinner outer retina and retinal pigment epithelium in the temporal macular area, and correspondingly increased choroidal reflectivity. Other OCT findings included outer retinal loss/attenuation with significant atrophy of an intact ellipsoid zone. OCT angiography (OCTA) of choroid capillary layer revealed increased density of choroidal vasculature in corresponding to the area of the lesion, while the superficial and deep layers revealed normal vasculature. Fundus autofluorescence (FAF) revealed normal signal with slight hyperautofluorescence at the nasal lesion margin. Fundus fluorescence angiography (FFA) of the lesion showed variegated fluorescence and no leakage and change in the morphology during the whole imaging process.
Conclusions: This is the first report to include a thorough and detailed description of torpedo maculopathy by using fundal photograph, IR, microperimetry visual field, OCT, OCTA, FAF, and FFA. Multimodal imaging provides precious and detailed information to further clarify the characteristics and development of this rare disease.