bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconstruction of complex hand defects using trapezoidal osteocutaneous free fibular flap
Authors: Addosooki Ahmad , Said Elsayed , Kenawey Mohamed , Yousef Mohamed A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundTraumatic defects of multiple metacarpal bones can be addressed using conventional or vascularized bone grafts. When associated with extensive skin and tendon loss, the treatment becomes more challenging. The aim of the study was to describe the results of using free osteocutaneous fibular flap placed in a new fashion for the reconstruction of complex hand defects.Patients and MethodsSix patients with complex hand defects underwent reconstruction using free osteocutaneous fibular flap placed in trapezoidal fashion with two‐stage tendon reconstruction using fascia lata graft. The mean age at the time of injury was 34.7 years (range: 14–54 years). The injury was caused by motor vehicle accident in four patients, machine injury in one patient, and falling from height in one patient. All patients had extensive three or four metacarpal bones defects, segmental loss of tendons, and large skin defect ranging from 6 × 10 cm to 10 × 15 cm. The fibular graft was divided into three segments and positioned in a trapezoidal fashion with the middle bone segment placed transversely to support the bases of the proximal phalanges while the first and third bone segments were placed obliquely along the metacarpal axis converging toward the remaining metacarpal bases and/or carpal bones. At final follow‐up visit, the finger range of motion was assessed using the total active motion (TAM) scoring system. Functional outcome was evaluated by the disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) score. Active range of motion (AROM) of the pseudo‐metacarpophalangeal (MP) joint was measured. The handgrip strength was measured using Jamar hydraulic dynamometer.ResultsThe mean length of the harvested fibular graft was 18 cm (range: 17–19). The mean size of the skin paddle was 7.5 × 13.1 cm (range: 6 × 10 cm to 10 × 15 cm). Fibular flaps survived in all patients. The mean follow‐up period was 30.8 months (range: 24–40 months). The mean time to achieve bone healing was 3.8 months (range: 3–5 months). The mean TAM was 185° (range: 165–204°) and TAM percentage was described as excellent in two patients and good in four patients. The mean AROM at the pseudo‐MP joint was 53.8° (range: 42–70°). The mean injured handgrip strength was 27.3 kg (range: 23–31 kg) and the mean grip strength ratio was 74.8% (range: 69–80%). The mean DASH score was 19.6 (range: 11.67–26.67). Pin tract infection, partial skin paddle necrosis, and wound infection were reported.ConclusionThe fibular osteocutaneous flap arranged in trapezoidal fashion is a viable choice for the reconstruction of complex hand defects, particularly when the metacarpophalangeal joints are not preserved.
A linear programming based approach to the Steiner tree problem with a fixed number of terminals
Authors: Siebert Matias , Ahmed Shabbir , Nemhauser George 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe present a set of integer programs (IPs) for the Steiner tree problem with the property that the best solution obtained by solving all IPs provides an optimal Steiner tree. Each IP is polynomial in the size of the underlying graph and our main result is that the linear programming (LP) relaxation of each IP is integral so that it can be solved as a linear program. However, the number of IPs grows exponentially with the number of terminals in the Steiner tree. As a consequence, we are able to solve the Steiner tree problem by solving a polynomial number of LPs, when the number of terminals is fixed.
Material model of pulp fibres
Authors: Seidlhofer Tristan , Hirn Ulrich , Ulz Manfred 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPulp fibres are a part of the paper fibre network and contribute to its non‐linear rate‐dependent behaviour [1]. An appropriate material model helps to quantify and understand these mechanisms, which are highly relevant to industry. The development of the constitutive equations is based on cyclic uniaxial tension tests [2]. For that first a one dimensional viscoelastic, viscoplastic model was designed to fit experimental data. This one dimensional model is then ported to a three dimensional formulation with the logarithmic strain framework [3]. The investigation shows that pulp fibres have a distinct plastic behaviour, which could be the cause of the non‐linear behaviour on the macroscopic level of the network.
Three‐dimensional flow in a shear‐driven cube
Authors: des Boscs Pierre-Emmanuel , Kuhlmann Hendrik C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe flow in a cubic cavity is studied when a constant shear stress is imposed on one of its square faces. The three‐dimensional basic flow undergoes a first steady, symmetry‐breaking, pitchfork bifurcation. On an increase of the Reynolds number the symmetry‐broken flow becomes time‐dependent via a Hopf bifurcation. Even though the basic flow is similar to the one in the lid‐driven cube, the sequence of bifurcations differs significantly.
Pseudo‐spectral computation of interfacial waves dynamics in an air/water turbulent sheared flow via a conformal mapping technique
Authors: Zonta Francesco 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe dynamics of a deformable interface in a counter‐current air/water turbulent flow is analyzed here using the Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) of the Navier Stokes equations. An algebraic mapping technique is employed to transform the deformed physical domain into a rectangular domain, where the governing equations are solved by a pseudo‐spectral Fourier‐Chebyshev method. The problem is described by the Reynolds number (Reτ), the Weber number (We), and the Froude number (Fr). Keeping Reτ constant and varying We and Fr, we show that the interfacial waves growth is a two‐stage process. At the beginning, capillary forces always dominate and waves grow as t2/5. Later, when gravity becomes important, waves grow exponentially as et/5 (in the present configuration), until they reach a steady‐state condition. The importance of the form drag during the stage of exponential growth of waves is clearly addressed.
Chatter Stability Analysis of Milling Processes
Authors: Binder Roman , Ellermann Katrin , Sehrschön Harald 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFull utilization of the available machine tool cutting performance is often inhibited by chatter vibrations which can lead to poor surfaces, reduced tool life, increased noise emissions and even damage to the machine tool. In this contribution, a systematic approach for modelling regenerative chatter based on measured, modal models of the machine tool is presented. Furthermore, three different methods for solving the governing equations and generating stability charts are compared.
Horizontal Faraday instability in a circular channel
Authors: Borcia Ion Dan , Borcia Rodica , Richter Sebastian , Xu Wenchao , Bestehorn Michael , Harlander Uwe 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe study surface waves in a circular channel placed on a rotating table. The tank can rotate with constant velocity and/or can oscillate. For a glycerin‐water‐solution with high viscosity, oscillation amplitudes about 20 cm and frequencies of 0.5 Hz, we observe surface patterns generated by a parametric instability. The circular geometry of the channel assures in a natural way the periodic lateral boundary conditions often used in the numerical simulations. Up to our knowledge this is the first experiment which evidences the horizontal Faraday instability in a container without walls blocking the flow in the oscillation direction. Experimental and numerical results are compared and discussed.
Coupling Peridynamic Continuum Mechanics with an Analytical Solution
Authors: Becker Moritz , Müller Gerhard 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPeridynamics is a nonlocal theory of continuum mechanics expressing the dynamic equilibrium of forces by using integro‐differential equations instead of partial differential equations. Thus, the equilibrium equations are still valid in case of discontinous displacement fields. In this study, we investigate the coupling between a harmonically excited peridynamic rod with a rod based on classical continuum mechanics by using the Arlequin‐method. The peridynamic region is solved by finite elements whereas for the classical region an analytical solution can be used.
Vibrations of an alpine ski under structural randomness
Authors: Eberle Robert , Oberguggenberger Michael 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn alpine skiing the vibrations of the skis influence the performance of a skier considerably. An alpine ski can be modelled as an Euler‐Bernoulli beam with which the vibrations of the ski can be analysed mathematically. The main characterising property of a ski is its bending stiffness, which can be measured in the lab. Since a ski is a composite material the measured bending stiffness shows variations. These variations can be taken into account by adding a random field to an average bending stiffness. An experiment of a clamped ski is investigated theoretically.
A posteriori error control for the finite cell method
Authors: Di Stolfo Paolo , Düster Alexander , Kollmannsberger Stefan , Rank Ernst , Schröder Andreas 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe paper presents some concepts of the finite cell method and discusses a posteriori error control for this approach. The focus is on the application of the dual weighted residual approach (DWR), which enables the control of the error with respect to a user‐defined quantity of interest. Since both the discretization error and the quadrature error are estimated, the application of the DWR approach provides an adaptive strategy which equilibrates the error contributions resulting from discretization and quadrature. The strategy consists in refining either the finite cell mesh or its associated quadrature mesh. Numerical experiments confirm the performance of the error control and the adaptive scheme for a non‐linear problem in 2D.
Characterization of aerodynamic performance of ducted wind turbines: A numerical study
Authors: Dighe Vinit V. , de Oliveira Gael , Avallone Francesco , van Bussel Gerard J. W. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe complex aerodynamic interactions between the rotor and the duct has to be accounted for the design of ducted wind turbines (DWTs). A numerical study to investigate the characteristics of flow around the DWT using a simplified duct–actuator disc (AD) model is carried out. Inviscid and viscous flow calculations are performed to understand the effects of the duct shape and variable AD loadings on the aerodynamic performance coefficients. The analysis shows that the overall aerodynamic performance of the DWT can be increased by increasing the duct cross‐sectional camber. Finally, flow fields using viscous calculations are examined to interpret the effects of inner duct wall flow separation on the overall DWT performance.
A Perspective: Active Role of Lipids in Neurotransmitter Dynamics
Authors: Postila Pekka A. , Róg Tomasz 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSynaptic neurotransmission is generally considered as a function of membrane-embedded receptors and ion channels in response to the neurotransmitter (NT) release and binding. This perspective aims to widen the protein-centric view by including another vital component—the synaptic membrane—in the discussion. A vast set of atomistic molecular dynamics simulations and biophysical experiments indicate that NTs are divided into membrane-binding and membrane-nonbinding categories. The binary choice takes place at the water-membrane interface and follows closely the positioning of the receptors’ binding sites in relation to the membrane. Accordingly, when a lipophilic NT is on route to a membrane-buried binding site, it adheres on the membrane and, then, travels along its plane towards the receptor. In contrast, lipophobic NTs, which are destined to bind into receptors with extracellular binding sites, prefer the water phase. This membrane-based sorting splits the neurotransmission into membrane-independent and membrane-dependent mechanisms and should make the NT binding into the receptors more efficient than random diffusion would allow. The potential implications and notable exceptions to the mechanisms are discussed here. Importantly, maintaining specific membrane lipid compositions (MLCs) at the synapses, especially regarding anionic lipids, affect the level of NT-membrane association. These effects provide a plausible link between the MLC imbalances and neurological diseases such as depression or Parkinson’s disease. Moreover, the membrane plays a vital role in other phases of the NT life cycle, including storage and release from the synaptic vesicles, transport from the synaptic cleft, as well as their synthesis and degradation.
Edaphic Endemism in the Amazon: Vascular Plants of the canga of Carajás, Brazil
Authors: Giulietti Ana M. , Giannini Tereza C. , Mota Nara F. O. , Watanabe Maurício T. C. , Viana Pedro L. , Pastore Mayara , Silva Uiara C. S. , Siqueira Marinez F. , Pirani José R. , Lima Haroldo C. , Pereira Jovani B. S. , Brito Rafael M. , Harley Raymond M. , Siqueira José O. , Zappi Daniela C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Amazonia is one of the most diverse biomes worldwide, and, as well as luxuriant forest, it includes mountain areas which, despite their small surface area, display fascinating endemism. In these regions, the specificity of edaphic factors is mirrored by a highly specialised, isolated flora adapted to survive adverse conditions. The Serra dos Carajás in the Brazilian state of Pará is one of world’s largest iron ore reserves. Known locally as canga, this ironstone formation occupies an area of 115.9 km2, and supports campo rupestre of canga vegetation on outcrops that are mostly in the Floresta Nacional de Carajás (FLONA of Carajás) and Parque Nacional dos Campos Ferruginosos (PNCF). The recent publication of the Flora of the cangas of Carajás lists 856 species of seed plants and 186 species of ferns and lycophytes. This project assessed the canga endemic species growing in the region, and further expeditions guided by SDM were carried out in order to ascertain their distribution outisde the area. Departing from an initial list of 58 putative endemics, the final list comprises 38 species of vascular plants (c. 4% of the local flora). These are distributed in 31 genera and 22 families, including three monotypic genera: Carajasia (Rubiaceae), Monogereion and Parapiqueria (Asteraceae). From these, 24 are classified as Rare Species for Brazil and seven as Highly Restricted Endemic (EEO < 100 km2). An illustrated account is provided, as well as further SDM to detect other possible areas of distribution based on the studied species. The knowledge generated is aimed at directing appropriate conservation plans for the area.
Effect of BN nanodots on the electronic properties of α- and β-graphyne sheets: a density functional theory study
Authors: Majidi R. , Eftekhari H. , Bayat H. , Rahmani Kh. , Khairogli A. M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The effect of BN nanodots with hexagonal shape on the electronic properties of α- and β-graphyne sheets is investigated. The structural and electronic properties of α- and β-graphyne sheets doped with BN nanodots are studied by using density functional theory. The cohesive energies of the systems indicate all considered structures are thermally stable. It is found that hexagonal BN nanodots can effectively open the band gap in α- and β-graphyne sheets. It means BN nanodots change α- and β-graphyne sheets from semimetal to semiconductor. The BN nanodots with different sizes are considered. It is found that band gaps of the studied α- and β-graphyne sheets doped with BN nanodots increase with the increase in the size of BN nanodots. Hence, α- and β-graphyne sheets doped with BN nanodots are promising materials for use in nanoelectronic devices based on semiconductors.
Photon decaying in de Sitter universe
Authors: Ahmadi Y. , Takook M. V. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe interaction between three photons is studied in de Sitter ambient space formalism. As a special case, the half harmonic generator is considered, i.e., one photon decays to two same-energy photons. The scattering matrix elements are presented which define the indirect gravitational effect on quantum field theory. The null curvature limit of scattering matrix is obtained for comparing it with its Minkowskian counterpart. The Hamiltonian of this interaction, in Minkowski space–time, was presented by using the quantum vacuum fluctuation in the one-loop approximation.
Frontonasal Malformation Diagnosis in the First Trimester: A Case Report
Authors: Gupta Neha 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDifferent components of the face and the brain develop independently and ultimately unite at the midline. Disruptions in the development and fusion of craniofacial midline give rise to myriad of abnormalities broadly classified as frontonasal malformations. Here, we report a case diagnosed in the first trimester. The fetus had midline cleft of the face extending till forehead, cleft lip and palate, absent nasal tip and arhinia. There was associated alobar holoprosencephaly and polydactyly in all the four limbs. This case illustrates the importance of evaluation of facial profile, retronasal triangle and 3 D scanning at the time of first trimester screening.
Therapie der überaktiven Blase
Authors: Bauer Sophina , Lusuardi Lukas 
Published: October 2019

Zusammenfassung
Der Symptomenkomplex der überaktiven Blase (OAB) führt bei den Betroffenen zu einer ausgeprägten Minderung der Lebensqualität, die oftmals mit sozialer Isolation verbunden ist.
Nach einer genauen Diagnostik muss mit jedem Patienten und jeder Patientin individuell eine Therapie erarbeitet werden. Eine gute Kommunikation zwischen den Behandelnden und den Betroffenen stellt die Basis für den Therapieerfolg dar.
Die Erstlinientherapie besteht aus Adaptation des Verhaltens und der Trinkmenge sowie dem Blasentraining. Begleitend soll dazu ein Beckenbodentraining erfolgen. Führen diese Maßnahmen nicht zur erwünschten Besserung, kommen Anticholinergika zum Einsatz. Da es zu einer hohen Absetzrate aufgrund von Unverträglichkeiten bzw. Nebenwirkungen kommt, gewann in den letzten Jahren der neu etablierte Beta-3-Rezeptor-Agonist Mirabegron an Bedeutung. Seit 2019 ist auch die Kombinationstherapie der beiden oben genannten Substanzgruppen erstmals in den amerikanischen Leitlinien verankert und ermöglicht so einen breiteren Einsatz der oralen Therapie. Wenn alle konservativen Therapieoptionen ausgeschöpft sind, kommen minimalinvasive Verfahren wie die intravesikale Applikation von Botulinumtoxin oder die sakrale Neuromodulation zum Einsatz. Als Ultima Ratio bleibt bei immenser Lebensqualitätseinschränkung die Blasenaugmentation oder Harnableitung.
Die Therapie der OAB bei älteren Personen stellt durch Polymedikation und Multimorbidität eine besondere Herausforderung dar.
Challenges to achieving appropriate and equitable access to Caesarean section: ethnographic insights from rural Pakistan
Authors: Mumtaz Zubia , Bhatti Afshan , Salway Sarah 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAccess to Caesarean section (C-section) remains inadequate for some groups of women while others have worryingly high rates. Understanding differential receipt demands exploration of the socio-cultural, and political economic, characteristics of the health systems that produce them. This extensive institutional ethnography investigated under- and over-receipt of C-section in two rural districts in Pakistan – Jhelum and Layyah. Data were collected between November and July 2013 using semi-structured interviews from a randomly selected sample of 11 physicians, 38 community midwives, 18 Lady Health Visitors and nurses and 15 Traditional Birth Attendants. In addition, 78 mothers, 35 husbands and 23 older women were interviewed. The understandings of birth by C-section held by women and their family members were heavily shaped by gendered constructions of womanhood, patient–provider power differentials and financial constraints. They considered C-section an expensive and risky procedure, which often lacked medical justification, and was instead driven by profit motive. Physicians saw C-section as symbolizing obstetric skill and status and a source of legitimate income. Physician views and practices were also shaped by the wider health care system characterized by private practice, competition between providers and a lack of regulation and supervision. These multi-layered factors have resulted in both unnecessary intervention, and missed opportunities for appropriate C-sections. The data indicate a need for synergistic action at patient, provider and system levels. Recommendations include: improving physician communication with patients and family so that the need for C-section is better understood as a life-saving procedure, challenging negative attitudes and promoting informed decision-making by mothers and their families, holding physicians accountable for their practice and introducing price caps and regulations to limit financial incentives associated with C-sections. The current push for privatization of health care in low-income countries also needs scrutiny given its potential to encourage unnecessary intervention.
Carers’ involvement in telecare provision by local councils for older people in England: perspectives of council telecare managers and stakeholders
Authors: Steils Nicole , Woolham John , Fisk Malcolm , Porteus Jeremy , Forsyth Kirsty 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper explores telecare manager and other ‘stakeholder’ perspectives on the nature, extent and impact of family and other unpaid/informal carers’ involvement in the provision of telecare equipment and services for older people. Data used in the paper are derived from a larger study on telecare provision by local councils in England. The paper aims to add to the growing evidence about carers’ engagement with electronic assistive technology and telecare, and considers this in the context of typologies of professionals’ engagement with carers. How carers are involved in telecare provision is examined primarily from the perspectives of senior managers responsible for telecare services who responded to an online survey and/or were interviewed in 2016 as part of a wider study. The perspectives of three unpaid carers were captured in a separate strand of the main study, which comprised more detailed case study interviews within four selected councils. Thematic and comparative analysis of both qualitative and quantitative survey data revealed the varied involvements and responsibilities that carers assumed during the telecare provision process, the barriers that they needed to overcome and their integration in local council strategies. Findings are discussed in the context of Twigg and Atkin's typology of carer support. They suggest that carers are mainly perceived as ‘resources’ and involvement is largely taken for granted. There are instances in which carers can be seen as ‘co-workers’: this is mainly around responding to alerts generated by the telecare user or by monitored devices, but only in those councils that fund response services. Though some participants felt that telecare devices could replace or ‘supersede’ hands-on care that involved routine monitoring of health and wellbeing, it was also acknowledged that its use might also place new responsibilities on carers. Furthermore, the study found that meeting carers’ own rights as ‘co-clients’ was little acknowledged.