bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between physical work hazards and employee withdrawal: The moderating role of safety compliance
Authors: Horan Kristin A. , Singh R. Sonia , Moeller Mary T. , Matthews Russell A. , Barratt Clare L. , Jex Steve M. , O'Brien William H. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe examined the relationship between physical work hazards and employee withdrawal among a sample of health care employees wherein safety compliance was hypothesized to moderate the relationship between physical work hazards and withdrawal. Health care workers (N = 162) completed an online questionnaire assessing physical work hazards, withdrawal, and indicators of workplace safety. Safety compliance moderated the relationship between patient aggression and withdrawal. Interaction plots revealed that for all significant moderations, the relationship between physical work hazards and withdrawal was weaker for those who reported high levels of compliance. Results shed initial light on the benefits of fostering safety compliance in health care contexts, which can contain exposure to physical work hazards.
Software change‐proneness prediction through combination of bagging and resampling methods
Authors: Zhu Xiaoyan , He Yueyang , Cheng Long , Jia Xiaolin , Zhu Lei 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIdentifying the change‐prone parts of software could help managers and developers to effectively allocate maintenance resource and time during early phases of software life cycle. Change‐proneness prediction on file level with binary classification methods makes such identification possible. As the fact that change‐prone files frequently account for a small part of all the files, the prediction performance of standard classification methods is not satisfying. In this paper, we employ imbalanced learning methods, including bagging, resampling, and especially their combination to reduce the performance decrease of standard classifiers caused by the class imbalance problem in change‐proneness prediction. Besides, we propose a boxplot‐based partition method to provide more proper change‐proneness label designation for the training data. Eight open‐source Java projects are chosen in the empirical study to validate the effectiveness of the combination methods in change‐proneness prediction. The experimental results of the empirical study show that combining bagging with resampling can significantly improve the prediction performance of only bagging or resampling. Of all the combination methods employed, combination of bagging with undersampling performs better than others. And support vector machine is more effective as a base classifier than J48 and naive Bayes.
Evaluating the effects of analogy enriched text on the learning of science: The importance of learning indexes
Authors: Vosniadou Stella , Skopeliti Irini 
Published: October 2018

AbstractResearch has shown that differences in the prior knowledge of the participants and in the learning indexes adopted can explain why some studies show positive learning effects of analogy enriched text while others do not. In the present studies, these two factors were combined into one through the construction of a learning index that measured incremental positive changes in the participants' prior knowledge after reading an analogy enriched or no analogy text. A second learning index was also used to evaluate whether the participants created well‐formed conceptual models after reading the science text. These learning indexes were used in two studies in which the effects of analogy enriched versus no analogy text were compared on the learning of the scientific explanations of the day/night cycle and of the seasons. The participants were 3rd and 5th graders in the first study and 6th graders and college students in the other. Although only few of the participants learned the correct scientific explanation, those who read the analogy enriched text produced more incremental positive changes in their pretest explanations at posttest and delayed test and created more well‐formed conceptual models close to the scientific one than those who read the no analogy text. They also recalled more information and created fewer invalid inferences in their recalls. The results indicate that analogies can be used without reservation to facilitate the learning of science and have broader implications about how to evaluate the learning of science in general.
Role of betaine in liver injury induced by the exposure to ionizing radiation
Authors: Shedid Shereen M. , Abdel‐Magied Nadia , Saada Helen N. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOxidative stress, apoptosis, and fibrosis may play a major role in the development of radiation‐induced liver damage. Betaine, a native compound widely present in beetroot, was reported to possess hepato‐protective properties. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of betaine on radiation‐induced liver damage. Animals were exposed to 9 Gy applied in 3 doses of 3 Gy/wk. Betaine (400 mg/kg/d), was orally supplemented to rats after the first radiation dose, and daily during the irradiation period. Animals were sacrificed 1 day after the last dose of radiation. The results showed that irradiation has induced oxidative stress in the liver denoted by a significant elevation in malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl, and 8‐hydroxy‐2‐deoxyguanosine with a significant reduction in catalase activity and glutathione (GSH) content. The activity of the detoxification enzyme cytochrome P450 (CYP450) increased while GSH transferase (GSH‐T) decreased. The activity of the apoptotic marker caspase‐3 increased concomitant with increased hyaluronic acid, hydroxyproline, laminin (LN), and collagen IV. These alterations were associated with a significant increase of gamma‐glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase and alanine and aspartate aminotransferase markers of liver dysfunction. Betaine treatment has significantly attenuated oxidative stress, decreased the activity of CYP450, enhanced GSH‐T, reduced the activity of caspase‐3, and the level of fibrotic markers concomitant with a significant improvement of liver function. In conclusion, betaine through its antioxidant activity and by enhancing liver detoxification and reducing apoptosis may alleviate the progression of liver fibrosis and exert a beneficial impact on radiation‐induced liver damage.
The neglected costs of water peace
Authors: Dell'Angelo Jampel , D'Odorico Paolo , Rulli Maria Cristina 
Published: October 2018

Referring to the analytical definition of water wars, several scholars have coherently argued against the “water leads to war thesis.” There are four arguments that have contributed to successfully dispel the myths of water wars: (a) interstate cooperation prevails over conflict; (b) development of new technologies increases freshwater availability; (c) the intrinsic characteristics of water as a resource do not justify interstate military intervention; (d) virtual water trade provides the opportunity to circumvent local water scarcity. These arguments converge demonstrating that rather than water wars in the future, water peace will prevail. While we agree with these arguments on the low likelihood of future water wars, we find that hydropolitical theories have generally neglected the fact that the conditions for interstate water peace come with high socio‐environmental costs. In particular, the central idea that virtual water trade resolve issues of local water scarcity and therefore reduces tensions and escalation of violence among different countries does not fully take into account the fact that dynamics of transnational water appropriation have serious socio‐environmental impacts on the virtual water exporting countries. To conceptualize this phenomenon we introduce the notion of “hidden socio‐environmental costs of virtual water transfer,” which is understood as a specific form of environmental cost‐shifting. The empirical support to our reasoning comes from the study of transnational large‐scale land acquisitions which represent an expanding phenomenon central in the contemporary global agrarian transformation.This article is categorized under:

Engineering Water > Planning Water
Human Water > Rights to Water
Human Water > Water Governance
Reintegrating the North American beaver (Castor canadensis) in the urban landscape
Authors: Bailey David R. , Dittbrenner Benjamin J. , Yocom Ken P. 
Published: October 2018

In recent decades, ecological restoration and landscape architecture have focused on reintegrating ecological processes in the urban environment to support greater habitat complexity and increase biodiversity. As these values are more broadly recognized, new approaches are being investigated to increase ecosystem services and ecological benefits in urban areas. Ecosystem engineers, such as the North American beaver (Castor canadensis), can create complex habitat and influence ecological processes in natural environments. Through dam building and wetland formation, beaver can create fish habitat, diversify vegetation in riparian zones, and aggrade sediment to increase stream productivity. As beaver populations have increased in urban areas across North America, their presence presents challenges and opportunities. Beaver can be integrated into the design of new and established urban green spaces to improve ecosystem functions. If managed properly, the conflicts that beaver sometimes create can be minimized. In this paper, we examine how landscape architects and restoration ecologists are anticipating the geomorphic and hydrological implications of beaver reintroduction in the design of wetlands and urban natural areas at regional and site levels. We present an urban beaver map and three case studies in Seattle, WA, USA, to identify various approaches, successes, and management strategies for integrating the actions of beaver into project designs. We make recommendations for how designers can capitalize on the benefits of beaver by identifying sites with increased likelihood of colonization, leveraging ecosystem engineers in design conception, designing site features to reduce constraints for the reintroduction and establishment of beaver, and anticipating and managing impacts.This article is categorized under:

Water and Life > Conservation, Management, and Awareness
Engineering Water > Planning Water
Possible power of down‐regulated offshore wind power plants: The PossPOW algorithm
Authors: Göçmen Tuhfe , Giebel Gregor , Poulsen Niels Kjølstad , Sørensen Poul Ejnar 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis paper proposes a method for real‐time estimation of the possible power of an offshore wind power plant when it is down‐regulated. The main purpose of the method is to provide an industrially applicable estimate of the possible (or reserve) power. The method also yields a real‐time power curve, which can be used for operation monitoring and wind farm control. Currently, there is no verified approach regarding estimation of possible power at wind farm scale.The key challenge in possible power estimation at wind farm level is to correct the reduction in wake losses, which occurs due to the down‐regulation. Therefore, firstly, the 1‐second wind speeds at the upstream turbines are estimated, since they are not affected by the reduced wake. Then they are introduced into the wake model, adjusted for the same time resolution, to correct the wake losses. To mitigate the uncertainties due to dynamic changes within the large offshore wind farms, the algorithm is updated at every turbine downstream, considering the local axial and lateral turbulence effects.The PossPOW algorithm uses only 1‐Hz turbine data as inputs and provides possible power output. The algorithm is trained and validated in Thanet and Horns Rev‐I offshore wind farms under nominal operation, where the turbines are following the optimum power curve. The results indicate that the PossPOW algorithm performs well; in the Horns Rev‐I wind farm, the strict power system requirements are met more than 70% of the time over the 24‐hour data set on which the algorithm was evaluated.
Cover Image, Volume 7, Issue 6
Authors: Moner‐Girona Magda , Puig Daniel , Mulugetta Yacob , Kougias Ioannis , AbdulRahman Jafaru , Szabó Sándor 
Published: October 2018

The cover image is based on the Overview Next generation interactive tool as a backbone for universal access to electricity by Magda Moner‐Girona et al., DOI: 10.1002/wene.305. © EU, by Grégoire Dubois. The authors would like to acknowledge and thank the following people for their contribution to the cover image: Sara Andre, Katalin Bódis, and Grégorie Dubois.
image
Leisure‐time physical activity sustained since midlife and preservation of cognitive function: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
Authors: Palta Priya , Sharrett A. Richey , Deal Jennifer A. , Evenson Kelly R. , Gabriel Kelley Pettee , Folsom Aaron R. , Gross Alden L. , Windham B. Gwen , Knopman David , Mosley Thomas H. , Heiss Gerardo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroductionWe tested the hypotheses that higher levels of and persistence of midlife leisure‐time physical activity (LTPA) are associated long‐term with lower cognitive decline and less incident dementia.MethodsA total of 10,705 participants (mean age: 60 years) had LTPA (no, low, middle, or high) measured in 1987‐1989 and 1993‐1995. LTPA was assessed in relation to incident dementia and 14‐year change in general cognitive performance.ResultsOver a median follow‐up of 17.4 years, 1063 dementia cases were observed. Compared with no LTPA, high LTPA in midlife was associated with lower incidence of dementia (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval], 0.71 [0.61, 0.86]) and lower declines in general cognitive performance (−0.07 standard deviation difference [−0.12 to −0.04]). These associations were stronger when measured against persistence of midlife LTPA over 6 years.DiscussionLTPA is a readily modifiable factor associated inversely with long‐term dementia incidence and cognitive decline.
Robotic variable fabric formwork
Authors: Yang Xuyou , Loh Paul , Leggett David 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Casting is one of the most widely used construction techniques. Complex geometries produced via computational design processes are not readily achievable through traditional rigid formwork and are subject to increased material waste. More suitable casting techniques are required to represent digital design output efficiently. This article presents a variable fabric formwork developed to work in conjunction with a 6-axis robotic arm for casting doubly curved panels based on hyperbolic paraboloid geometry. The variable formwork is designed to be extendable in length and width so that it can produce a wide range of outcomes within a single formwork. The interface established in the workflow allows the physical formwork and digital design to influence each other. The article concludes by discussing a verification method used to confirm the accuracy of the outcome. This variable fabric form-work reduces construction waste and is a more sustainable method for casting complex geometries.
Highlights Robotic arm used to manipulate a bespoke mould for fabric formwork casting. Constraints of mould design used to inform robotic arm of its fabrication limits. Workflow allows the physical formwork and digital design to influence each other. Verification of result reveals future area of research.
Control of stationary cross-flow modes in a Mach 6 boundary layer using patterned roughness
Authors: Corke Thomas , Arndt Alexander , Matlis Eric , Semper Michael 
Published: October 2018

Experiments were performed to investigate passive discrete roughness for transition control on a sharp right-circular cone at an angle of attack at Mach 6.0. A cone angle of attack of $6^{\circ }$ was set to produce a mean cross-flow velocity component in the boundary layer over the cone by which the cross-flow instability was the dominant mechanism of turbulent transition. The approach to transition control is based on exciting less-amplified (subcritical) stationary cross-flow modes through the addition of discrete roughness that suppresses the growth of the more-amplified (critical) cross-flow modes, and thereby delays transition. The passive roughness consisted of indentations (dimples) that were evenly spaced around the cone at an axial location that was just upstream of the first linear stability neutral growth branch for cross-flow modes. The experiments were performed in the air force academy (AFA) Mach 6.0 Ludwieg Tube Facility. The cone model was equipped with a motorized three-dimensional traversing mechanism that mounted on the support sting. The traversing mechanism held a closely spaced pair of fast-response total pressure Pitot probes. The measurements consisted of surface oil flow visualization and off-wall azimuthal profiles of mean and fluctuating total pressure at different axial locations. These documented an 25 % increase in the transition Reynolds number with the subcritical roughness. In addition, the experiments revealed evidence of a nonlinear, sum and difference interaction between stationary and travelling cross-flow modes that might indicate a mechanism of early transition in conventional (noisy) hypersonic wind tunnels.
Mobility, cohabitation and cultural exchange in the lodging houses of early modern Venice
Authors: SALZBERG ROSA 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThis article examines the thriving lodging house sector in early modern Venice, arguing that such spaces of temporary accommodation offer a valuable key to understanding how mobility and migration shaped the daily lived experience of the city. Lodging houses were important both to the many Venetian residents who profited from renting out rooms, and to the people who stayed in them, and found there companionship, conversation and access to social and professional networks. Considering the kinds of encounters, conflicts and exchanges that unfolded in these shared spaces, the article offers new insight into the functioning of a pre-modern multicultural metropolis.
Coverage mandates and market dynamics: employer, insurer and patient responses to parity laws
Authors: Nathenson Robert A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractParity in coverage for mental health services has been a longstanding policy aim at the state and federal levels and is a regulatory feature of the Affordable Care Act. Despite the importance and legislative effort involved in these policies, evaluations of their effects on patients yield mixed results. I leverage the Employee Retirement Income Security Act and unique claims-level data that includes information on employers’ self-insurance status to shed new light in this area after the implementation of two state parity laws in 2007 and federal parity a few years later. My empirics reveal evidence of strategic avoidance on behalf of insurers in both states prior to the passage of state parity, as well as positive increases in mental health care utilization after parity laws are implemented – but context matters. Policy heterogeneity across states and strategic behaviors by employers and commercial insurers substantively shape the benefits that ultimately flow to patients. Insights from this research have broad relevance to ongoing health policy debates, particularly as states retain great discretion over many health coverage decisions and as federal policy continues to evolve.
Wintertime Transport of Reactive Trace Gases From East Asia Into the Deep Tropics
Authors: Donets Valeria , Atlas E. L. , Pan L. L. , Schauffler S. M. , Honomichl S. , Hornbrook R. S. , Apel E. C. , Campos T. , Hall S. R. , Ullmann K. , Bresch J. F. , Navarro M. , Blake D. R. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractUnprecedented growth of East Asian economies has led to increases of anthropogenic pollutants in the regional atmosphere. This pollutant burden is transported into the global atmosphere and is a significant source of intercontinental and transboundary anthropogenic pollution. This work analyzes pollution transport into the western Pacific associated with the dispersion of East Asian pollution during Northern Hemisphere winter. To examine transport characteristics, we use chemical and dynamical data sets obtained during the CONvective TRansport of Active Species in the Tropics (CONTRAST) field campaign, conducted from Guam during January–February 2014. We identify that the evolution of shear lines from decaying cold fronts and their southward advancement facilitates polluted air transport into low latitudes of the Western Pacific Ocean. Observations from two cases of shear line passage are analyzed. The result shows that this transport process significantly elevates anthropogenic trace gases in the marine boundary layer and lowermost free troposphere up to 3–4 km. Results of our analysis show that chemical influence of the shear line on the background tropical marine atmosphere varies as a function of pollution source, intensity, shear line strength, and the speed of advancement, as well as local background conditions. To quantify the contribution of shear‐line‐related transport, we introduce an index, the Anthropogenic Enhancement Factor (AEF), defined as a fractional change in mixing ratio of a gas brought about by the advancing front. This index shows that the most significant enhancements are for species with photochemical lifetimes comparable to their transport times from source regions.
A Lack of Dynamic Triggering of Slow Slip and Tremor Indicates That the Shallow Cascadia Megathrust Offshore Vancouver Island Is Likely Locked
Authors: McGuire Jeffrey J. , Collins John A. , Davis Earl , Becker Keir , Heesemann Martin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractGreat subduction zone earthquakes vary considerably in the updip extent of megathrust rupture. It is unclear if this diversity reflects variations in interseismic strain accumulation owing to the limited number of subduction zones with seafloor monitoring. We use a borehole seismic‐geodetic observatory installed at the updip end of the Cascadia fault offshore Vancouver Island to show that the megathrust there does not appear to slip in triggered tremor or slow‐slip events when subjected to moderate dynamic stress transients. Borehole tilt and seismic data from recent teleseismic M7.6–8.1 earthquakes demonstrate a lack of triggered slow slip above the Mw 4.0 level and an absence of triggered tremor despite shear‐stress transients of 1–10 kPa that were sufficient to trigger tremor on the downdip end of the interface. Our observations are most consistent with a model in which the Cascadia fault offshore Vancouver Island is locked all the way to the trench.
A Deep Eastern Equatorial Pacific Thermocline During the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Ford H. L. , McChesney C. L. , Hertzberg J. E. , McManus J. F. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe mean state and variability of the tropical Pacific is influenced by the depth of the thermocline. During the Last Glacial Maximum (~21,000 years ago), the zonal sea surface temperature gradient across the equatorial Pacific was reduced and productivity was generally lower than modern. To understand the thermocline depth's role in determining the Last Glacial Maximum tropical mean state, we reconstruct the upper ocean δ18O profile from multiple species of planktic foraminifera. We synthesize existing records of surface and subsurface dwelling foraminifera to reconstruct the vertical δ18O gradient throughout the eastern equatorial Pacific. We find the thermocline was deeper during the Last Glacial Maximum than the Holocene throughout the eastern equatorial Pacific region. The thermocline depth's role in the dynamic forcing of the cold tongue contributed to the reduced zonal SST gradient across the equatorial Pacific, decreased productivity, and presumably impacted El Niño‐Southern Oscillation variability relative to the Holocene.