bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sweetpotato tolerance to saflufenacil and rimsulfuron/thifensulfuron-methyl applied pretransplanting
Authors: Meyers Stephen L. , Shankle Mark W. , Garrett Trevor F. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractField studies were conducted at the Pontotoc Ridge–Flatwoods Branch Experiment Station in Pontotoc, MS, in 2016 and 2017 to determine sweetpotato crop response to saflufenacil and rimsulfuron/thifensulfuron-methyl. Saflufenacil treatments consisted of a factorial of two rates (25 or 50 g ai ha–1) by three application timings [0, 3, or 6 wk before transplanting (WBP)]. Rimsulfuron/thifensulfuron-methyl treatments consisted of a factorial of two rates (18/18 or 35/35 g ai ha–1) by two application timings (3 or 6 WBP). A nontreated check was included for comparison. Saflufenacil resulted in as much as 20% stunting injury in 2016, but ≤4% crop injury in 2017. Compared to the nontreated check, saflufenacil did not reduce yield of any sweetpotato grade regardless of application rate or timing. Findings from this trial indicate that saflufenacil applied in pre-transplanting burndown and field preparation procedures did not have a negative impact on the subsequent sweetpotato crop and that the current plant-back interval (4 to 5 mo) may be excessive. Applications of rimsulfuron/thifensulfuron-methyl at 35/35 g ha–1 made 3 WBP resulted in significant crop injury but did not reduce yield of any sweetpotato grade. Findings from this trial suggest that rimsulfuron/thifensulfuron-methyl applications up to 35/35 g ha–1 applied at least 6 WBP and 18/18 g ha–1 applied at least 3 WBP had little impact on sweetpotato crop growth and may be a safe preplant burndown option.
Integrated management of glyphosate-resistant horseweed (Erigeron canadensis) with tillage and herbicides in soybean
Authors: Chahal Parminder S. , Jhala Amit J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractGlyphosate-resistant (GR) horseweed is one of the most common and troublesome weeds in soybean production fields in several states in the United States, including Nebraska. The evolution of horseweed resistant to several herbicide sites of action has prioritized an integrated approach, including tillage, for effective management of this problem weed. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of tillage or herbicide applied in fall or spring followed by a PRE, POST, and PRE followed by a POST herbicide program for GR horseweed control as well as GR soybean injury and yield in Nebraska. Field studies were established in the fall 2014–2015 and 2015–2016 growing seasons using a factorial randomized complete block design with shallow tillage or herbicide applied at different timings as two factors. Shallow tillage was accomplished using a 50-cm-wide rototiller operated at a depth of 10 cm. At soybean harvest, tillage applied the previous year in fall or spring without any follow-up herbicide treatment provided 79% to 88% horseweed control compared with 27% and 56% control with 2,4-D plus carfentrazone applied in fall and spring, respectively. Tillage or herbicide applied in fall or spring followed by a PRE, POST, or PRE and POST herbicide provided 82% to 99% GR horseweed control at soybean harvest. Soybean yield in this study was similar in most treatments. Tillage or herbicide applied in fall or spring provided similar horseweed control and soybean yield when followed by a PRE, POST, or PRE and POST herbicide; therefore, fall- or spring-applied herbicides can be rotated with shallow tillage for integrated season-long horseweed management.
Toward Realistic Nonstationarity of Semidiurnal Baroclinic Tides in a Hydrodynamic Model
Authors: Nelson Arin D. , Arbic Brian K. , Zaron Edward D. , Savage Anna C. , Richman James G. , Buijsman Maarten C. , Shriver Jay F. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSemidiurnal baroclinic tide sea surface height (SSH) variance and semidiurnal nonstationary variance fraction (SNVF) are compared between a hydrodynamic model and altimetry for the low‐ to middle‐latitude global ocean. Tidal frequencies are aliased by ∼10‐day altimeter sampling, which makes it impossible to unambiguously identify nonstationary tidal signals from the observations. In order to better understand altimeter sampling artifacts, the model was analyzed using its native hourly outputs and by subsampling it in the same manner as altimeters. Different estimates of the semidiurnal nonstationary and total SSH variance are obtained with the model depending on whether they are identified in the frequency domain or wavenumber domain and depending on the temporal sampling of the model output. Five sources of ambiguity in the interpretation of the altimetry are identified and briefly discussed. When the model and altimetry are analyzed in the same manner, they display qualitatively similar spatial patterns of semidiurnal baroclinic tides. The SNVF typically correlates above 80% at all latitudes between the different analysis methods and above 60% between the model and altimetry. The choice of analysis methodology was found to have a profound effect on estimates of the semidiurnal baroclinic SSH variance with the wavenumber domain methodology underestimating the semidiurnal nonstationary and total SSH variances by 68% and 66%, respectively. These results produce a SNVF estimate from altimetry that is biased low by a factor of 0.92. This bias is primarily a consequence of the ambiguity in the separation of tidal and mesoscale signals in the wavenumber domain.
Islands of ice on Mars and Pluto
Authors: Sori Michael M. , Bapst Jonathan , Becerra Patricio , Byrne Shane 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIce sheets, such as the polar layered deposits (PLDs) of Mars, are of great interest as records of past climate. Smaller outlier ice deposits near the north and south PLDs are likely more sensitive to climate changes and thus may hold information about more recent climate history. However, the southern outlier deposits have largely remained unmapped and unanalyzed. Here, we identify 31 deposits near, but separated from, Mars's south PLDs, all of which are located within impact craters >15 km in diameter. On the basis of morphology, radar analysis, physical similarity to portions of the PLD margin, and overall similarity to previously described deposits in Mars's north polar region, we conclude that these deposits are primarily composed of water ice. An additional 66 craters contain smaller depositional features, some of which may be remnant ice deposits. The 31 outlier ice deposits represent a previously unquantified inventory of water on Mars, with a total volume between 15,000 and 38,000 km3. In addition, we identify five analogous outlier nitrogen ice deposits located within impact craters near Sputnik Planitia, the large nitrogen ice sheet on Pluto. Although important differences exist between Mars and Pluto, broad physical similarities between the two cases suggest that the topography and microclimates of impact craters cause them to be favorable locations for volatile accumulation and/or retention throughout the Solar System.
A Robust Ground‐to‐Image Transformation Algorithm and Its Applications in the Geometric Processing of Linear Pushbroom Images
Authors: Geng Xun , Xu Qing , Xing Shuai , Lan Chaozhen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLinear array cameras are widely used in the fields of aerial and space remote sensing. The ground‐to‐image transformation plays a significant role in the geometric processing procedures of linear pushbroom images, which is time‐consuming due to multiple iterative calculations. Moreover, the detectors of the linear array may exhibit a curved shape due to distortions, resulting in a more complex ground‐to‐image transformation. This paper presents a novel ground‐to‐image transformation algorithm for linear pushbroom images based on a rigorous sensor model. We regard the distance between the back‐projected image point and the curved shape linear array as the “generalized distance.” The idea of generalized distance prediction was developed to efficiently determine the best scan line corresponding to the ground point. The plane analytic geometry is employed to solve the practical problems of the ground‐to‐image transformation, including the iterative direction, convergence condition, and subpixel interpolation. The applications of the proposed method in orthorectification and image matching were investigated. The proposed method was comprehensively tested using airborne images, Earth observation satellite images, and planetary images. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method (1) delivers high accuracy (better than1 × 10−4pixels) and efficiency, (2) is better than the cutting‐edge method based on the geometric constraints of central perspective plane for the linear pushbroom images with distortions, and (3) provides promising applications for generating orthophotos and image matching. The proposed method is easy to implement and efficient, which can greatly enhance the geometric processing abilities for various types of linear pushbroom images.
Modeling the Scaling of Short‐Duration Precipitation Extremes With Temperature
Authors: Van de Vyver Hans , Van Schaeybroeck Bert , De Troch Rozemien , Hamdi Rafiq , Termonia Piet 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Clausius‐Clapeyron (CC) relation expresses the exponential increase in the moisture‐holding capacity of air of approximately 7%/°C. Earlier studies show that extreme hourly precipitation increases with daily mean temperature, consistent with the CC relation. Recent studies at specific locations found that for temperatures higher than around 12 °C, hourly precipitation extremes scale at rates higher than the CC scaling, a phenomenon that is often referred to as “super‐CC scaling.” These scalings are typically estimated by collecting rainfall data in temperature bins, followed by a linear fit or a visual inspection of the precipitation quantiles in each bin. In this study, a piecewise linear quantile regression model is presented for a more flexible, and robust estimation of the scaling parameters, and their associated uncertainties. Moreover, we use associated information criteria to prove statistically whether or not a pronounced super‐CC scaling exists. The techniques were tested on stochastically simulated data and, when applied to hourly station data across Western Europe and Scandinavia, revealed large uncertainties in the scaling rates. Finally, goodness‐of‐fit measures indicated that the dew point temperature is a better scaling predictor than temperature.
Observing Internal Solitary Waves in the Lombok Strait by Coastal Acoustic Tomography
Authors: Syamsudin Fadli , Taniguchi Naokazu , Zhang Chuanzheng , Hanifa Aruni Dinan , Li Guangming , Chen Minmo , Mutsuda Hidemi , Zhu Ze‐Nan , Zhu Xiao‐Hua , Nagai Taira , Kaneko Arata 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe subsurface structures of internal solitary waves were observed over two days from 27 to 29 February 2019, by two bottom‐moored coastal acoustic tomography systems over a path length of 18.286 km in the Lombok Strait, Indonesia. One‐way travel times along the transmission path between the acoustic stations were determined for the first three arrival peaks. The resulting three travel times were used to execute a four‐layer (0–50, 150–300, 300–450, and 400–603 m) temperature inversion, constructing an underdetermined problem. The inverted four‐layer temperatures show three positive peaks and two negative peaks during the observation period, implying the sequential passage of internal solitary waves with depressed and elevated interfaces. The generation of these temperature peaks is synchronized with the diurnal tides, and the peak heights decrease with depth. The inverted four‐layer temperatures are in excellent agreement with conductivity‐temperature‐depth data obtained near the acoustic stations.
Constraining the Source Regions of Pulsating Auroras
Authors: Grono Eric , Donovan Eric 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPulsating auroras have often been erroneously discussed as if they are a single phenomenon. For this reason, the relationship between different pulsating auroras is poorly understood. Grono and Donovan (2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-891-2018) subcategorized pulsating auroras into amorphous pulsating, patchy pulsating, and patchy auroras, which are separable based on their pulsation and structuring. By comparing the latitudes of these auroras to the location of the proton aurora, we have constrained their source regions for the first time. Pulsating aurora does not occur poleward of the proton aurora. Amorphous pulsating aurora occurs within and equatorward of the proton aurora, while patchy pulsating and patchy auroras predominantly occur equatorward of the optical b2i boundary. This indicates that the characteristic structuring of the patchy auroras is unable to form outside of the mostly dipolar inner magnetosphere, but the wave‐particle interactions that produce auroral pulsations are less constrained, extending into the transition region where the magnetic field begins to stretch.
Large‐Amplitude Quasi‐10‐Day Waves in the Middle Atmosphere During Final Warmings
Authors: Yamazaki Y. , Matthias V. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractGeopotential height measurements from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder between 9‐ and 97‐km altitudes during 2004–2018 are used to examine long‐period (3–20 days) wave activity during the Northern Hemisphere winter and spring, with the primary focus on the response of normal mode Rossby waves in the middle atmosphere to sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs). Unusually large westward propagating waves with Zonal Wave Number 1 and period ∼10 days are observed at 55° latitude at the stratopause height (∼48 km) and above following final warmings of 2016, 2015, and 2005. In each case, large‐amplitude waves are observed for the duration of two to three wave cycles. Characteristics of the waves are in conformity with the second antisymmetric Rossby normal mode of Zonal Wave Number 1, or the quasi‐10‐day wave. The growth rate of the waves is significantly greater than the classical normal mode in the upper stratosphere (approximately 30–50 km) where instability conditions are met, indicating the amplification or excitation of the waves in that region. The response of the quasi‐10‐day wave during midwinter SSWs, and also during the spring transition without an SSW, is not as obvious as the wave response during final warmings. The results suggest that not only the occurrence of SSW but also the seasonal timing of SSW is an important factor for the transient variability of the quasi‐10‐day wave in the middle atmosphere.
Comparison of Airborne Reactive Nitrogen Measurements During WINTER
Authors: Sparks Tamara L. , Ebben Carlena J. , Wooldridge Paul J. , Lopez‐Hilfiker Felipe D. , Lee Ben H. , Thornton Joel A. , McDuffie Erin E. , Fibiger Dorothy L. , Brown Steven S. , Montzka Denise D. , Weinheimer Andrew J. , Schroder Jason C. , Campuzano‐Jost Pedro , Jimenez Jose L. , Cohen Ronald C. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe present a comparison of instruments measuring nitrogen oxide species from an aircraft during the 2015 Wintertime INvestigation of Transport, Emissions, and Reactivity (WINTER) campaign over the northeast United States. Instrument techniques compared here include chemiluminescence (CL), thermal dissociation laser‐induced fluorescence (TD‐LIF), cavity ring‐down spectroscopy (CRDS), high‐resolution time of flight, iodide‐adduct chemical ionization mass spectrometry (I‐CIMS), and aerosol mass spectrometry. Species investigated include NO2, NO, total nitrogen oxides (NOy), N2O5, ClNO2, and HNO3. Particulate‐phase nitrate is also included for comparisons of HNO3 and NOy. Instruments generally agreed within reported uncertainties, with individual flights sometimes showing much better agreement than the data set taken as a whole, due to flight‐to‐flight slope changes. NO measured by CRDS and CL showed an average relative slope of 1.16 ± 0.01 across all flights, which is outside of combined uncertainties. The source of the error was not identified. For NO2 measured by CRDS and TD‐LIF the average was 1.02 ± 0.00; for NOy measured by CRDS and CL the average was 1.01 ± 0.00; and for N2O5 measured by CRDS and I‐CIMS the average was 0.89 ± 0.01. NOy budget closure to within 20% is demonstrated. We observe nonlinearity in NO2 and NOy correlations at concentrations above ~30 ppbv that may be related to the NO discrepancy noted above. For ClNO2 there were significant differences between I‐CIMS and TD‐LIF, potentially due in part to the temperature used for thermal dissociation. Although the fraction of particulate nitrate measured by the TD‐LIF is not well characterized, it improves comparisons to include particulate measurements.
Bacterial succession along a sediment porewater gradient at Lake Neusiedl in Austria
Authors: von Hoyningen-Huene Avril Jean Elisabeth , Schneider Dominik , Fussmann Dario , Reimer Andreas , Arp Gernot , Daniel Rolf 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe provide bacterial 16S rRNA community and hydrochemical data from water and sediments of Lake Neusiedl, Austria. The sediments were retrieved at 5 cm intervals from 30–40 cm push cores. The lake water community was recovered by filtration through a 3.0/0.2 µm filter sandwich. For 16S rRNA gene amplicon-based community profiling, DNA was extracted from the sediment and filters and the bacterial V3-V4 regions were amplified and sequenced using a MiSeq instrument (Illumina). The reads were quality-filtered and processed using open source bioinformatic tools, such as PEAR, cutadapt and VSEARCH. The taxonomy was assigned against the SILVA SSU NR 132 database. The bacterial community structure was visualised in relation to water and porewater chemistry data. The bacterial community in the water column is distinct from the sediment. The most abundant phyla in the sediment shift from Proteobacteria to Chloroflexota (formerly Chloroflexi). Ammonium and total alkalinity increase while sulphate concentrations in the porewater decrease. The provided data are of interest for studies targeting biogeochemical cycling in lake sediments.
Description of a new species of beaked whale (Berardius) found in the North Pacific
Authors: Yamada Tadasu K. , Kitamura Shino , Abe Syuiti , Tajima Yuko , Matsuda Ayaka , Mead James G. , Matsuishi Takashi F. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTwo types ofBerardiusare recognised by local whalers in Hokkaido, Japan. The first is the ordinary Baird’s beaked whale,B.bairdii, whereas the other is much smaller and entirely black. Previous molecular phylogenetic analyses revealed that the black type is one recognisable taxonomic unit within theBerardiusclade but is distinct from the two knownBerardiusspecies. To determine the characteristics of the black type, we summarised external morphology and skull osteometric data obtained from four individuals, which included three individuals from Hokkaido and one additional individual from the United States National Museum of Natural History collection. The whales differed from all of their congeners by having the following unique characters: a substantially smaller body size of physically mature individuals, proportionately shorter beak, and darker body colour. Thus, we conclude that the whales are a thirdBerardiusspecies.
EBV encoded miRNA BART8-3p promotes radioresistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by regulating ATM/ATR signaling pathway
Authors: Zhou Xiaohan , Zheng Jialing , Tang Ying , lin Yanling , Wang Lingzhi , Li Ye , Liu Chengdong , Wu Dehua , Cai Longmei 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Resistance to radiotherapy is one of the main causes of treatment failure in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is an important factor in the pathogenesis of NPC, and EBV-encoded microRNAs (miRNAs) promote NPC progression. However, the role of EBV-encoded miRNAs in the radiosensitivity of NPC remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of EBV-miR-BART8-3p on radiotherapy resistance in NPC cells in vitro and in vivo, and explored the underlying molecular mechanisms. Inhibitors of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM)/ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3-related (ATR) (KU60019 and AZD6738, respectively) were used to examine radiotherapy resistance. We proved that EBV-miR-BART8-3p promoted NPC cell proliferation in response to irradiation in vitro and associated with the induction of cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, which was a positive factor for the DNA repair after radiation treatment. Besides, EBV-miR-BART8-3p could increase the size of xenograft tumors significantly in nude mice. Treatment with KU60019 or AZD6738 increased the radiosensitivity of NPC by suppressing the expression of p-ATM and p-ATR. The present results indicate that EBV-miR-BART8-3p promotes radioresistance in NPC by modulating the activity of ATM/ATR signaling pathway.
One‐step hydrothermal synthesis of zeolite KA from kaolin
Authors: Wang Peng , Sun Qi , Zhang Yujiao , Cao Jun 
Published: August 2019

This work reports an experimental investigation on the synthesis of zeolite KA by one‐step hydrothermal method using kaolin as the main SiO2 and Al2O3 sources. The phase, structure, microscopic morphology, microstructure, specific surface area, and thermal stability of the produced zeolite KA were characterised in detail. The zeolite KA was successfully synthesised and the characterisation of the obtained material was carried out considering different techniques, including X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and thermogravimetric differential thermal analyser (TG‐DSC). TEM analysis indicated the formation of body‐centred cubic crystal zeolite KA and the polycrystallinity of the zeolite KA structure. The BET study confirmed that a total surface area of 13.2771 m2 g−1, micropore surface area of 1.3598 m2 g−1 and micropore volume of 0.000556 cm3 g−1 are obtained. In addition, the thermal stability of the zeolite KA was further studied by TG‐DSC.
The Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Indolactam Alkaloids
Authors: Mendoza Manuel , Eom Ryan , Salas Celeste , Haynes-Smith Jeremy , Billingsley Kelvin L. 
Published: August 2019

In this work, we execute a general synthetic strategy to access novel indolactam alkaloids, which are agonists of protein kinase C. This protocol allowed for the most efficient reported syntheses of indolactam V (ILV) stereoisomers, while also affording the large-scale production of natural product (–)-ILV. Structure–activity studies were conducted with these compounds to elucidate the elements necessary to promote PKC-mediated cellular response. EC50 measurements in leukemia and lymphoma cell lines, as well as molecular docking analyses with the PKCδ C1B domain, provided the foundation for these studies. A distinct correlation between in vitro activity and the conformation of the macrocyclic lactam ring was discovered, which can guide design efforts for therapeutics that target the PKC regulatory domain.
Otoplasty and Auricular Reconstruction
Authors: Siegert Ralf , Magritz Ralph 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDue to the variety of abnormalities, surgery of the auricle is one of the most complex challenges in facial plastic surgery. They reach from mild protruding ears or isolated abnormalities of the supporting structures, mainly the helical rim and antihelix, over cup ear deformities and miniears all the way to severe microtia and anotia. In this article, the authors present a short overview of auricular abnormalities and malformations and their treatment options based on their experiences gained over three decades of special service for patients with auricular malformations.