bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanoparticles Surmounting Blood–Brain Tumor Barrier Through Both Transcellular and Paracellular Pathways to Target Brain Metastases
Authors: Miao Tongtong , Ju Xiufeng , Zhu Qiuning , Wang Yamei , Guo Qian , Sun Tao , Lu Chunzhu , Han Liang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBrain metastases are one of the most difficult malignancies to treat owing to their location and mostly multifocal and infiltrative growth. Chemotherapy, which is often effective against tumors outside the brain, offers some hope for brain metastases. However, the efficacy of systemic drug delivery to brain metastases is extremely limited due largely to the blood–brain tumor barrier (BTB). Herein, it is reported that minoxidil‐loaded hyaluronic acid–tethered nanoparticles (M@H‐NPs) can efficiently and specially surmount the BTB through both transcellular and paracellular pathways and target brain metastases through coordination of hyaluronic acid with CD44 target. The transcellular endocytosis, paracellular claudin‐5 expression, and BTB crossing are evaluated to confirm that the developed M@H‐NPs can be endued with minoxidil's ability to boost transcytosis and downregulate tight junction protein in BTB endothelial cells at brain metastases for promoted BTB penetration. M@H‐NPs selectively deliver doxorubicin (DOX) to brain metastatic lesions, while sparing normal brain cells from harm. Treatment with M@H‐NPs/DOX significantly prolongs median survival of mice bearing brain metastases. Due to the fruitful BTB penetration and brain metastasis homing, and improved therapeutic outcome, the minoxidil‐based systemic drug delivery strategy may serve as a potential approach for clinical management of brain metastases.
Zero‐Field Nernst Effect in a Ferromagnetic Kagome‐Lattice Weyl‐Semimetal Co3Sn2S2
Authors: Guin Satya N. , Vir Praveen , Zhang Yang , Kumar Nitesh , Watzman Sarah J. , Fu Chenguang , Liu Enke , Manna Kaustuv , Schnelle Walter , Gooth Johannes , Shekhar Chandra , Sun Yan , Felser Claudia 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe discovery of magnetic topological semimetals has recently attracted significant attention in the field of topology and thermoelectrics. In a thermoelectric device based on the Nernst geometry, an external magnet is required as an integral part. Reported is a zero‐field Nernst effect in a newly discovered hard‐ferromagnetic kagome‐lattice Weyl‐semimetal Co3Sn2S2. A maximum Nernst thermopower of ≈3 µV K−1 at 80 K in zero field is achieved in this magnetic Weyl‐semimetal. The results demonstrate the possibility of application of topological hard magnetic semimetals for low‐power thermoelectric devices based on the Nernst effect and are thus valuable for the comprehensive understanding of transport properties in this class of materials.
Magnetoelectrically Driven Catalytic Degradation of Organics
Authors: Mushtaq Fajer , Chen Xiangzhong , Torlakcik Harun , Steuer Christian , Hoop Marcus , Siringil Erdem Can , Marti Xavi , Limburg Gregory , Stipp Patrick , Nelson Bradley J. , Pané Salvador 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHere, the catalytic degradation of organic compounds is reported by exploiting the magnetoelectric nature of cobalt ferrite–bismuth ferrite (CFO–BFO) core–shell nanoparticles. The combination of magnetostrictive CFO with multiferroic BFO gives rise to a magnetoelectric engine that purifies water under wireless magnetic fields via advanced oxidation processes, without involvement of any sacrificial molecules or cocatalysts. Magnetostrictive CoFe2O4 nanoparticles are fabricated using hydrothermal synthesis, followed by sol–gel synthesis to create the multiferroic BiFeO3 shell. Theoretical modeling is performed to study the magnetic‐field‐induced polarization on the surface of magnetoelectric nanoparticles. The results obtained from these simulations are consistent with experimental findings of the piezoforce microscopy analysis, where changes in piezoresponse of the nanoparticles under magnetic fields are observed. Next, the magnetoelectric‐effect‐induced catalytic degradation of organic pollutants is investigated under AC magnetic fields, and 97% removal efficiency for synthetic dyes and over 85% removal efficiency for routinely used pharmaceuticals are obtained. Additionally, trapping experiments are performed to elucidate the mechanism behind the magnetic‐field‐induced catalytic degradation of organic pollutants by using scavengers for each of the reactive species. The results indicate that hydroxyl and superoxide radicals are the main reactive species in the magnetoelectrically induced catalytic degradation of organic compounds.
Biological Photonic Crystal‐Enhanced Plasmonic Mesocapsules: Approaching Single‐Molecule Optofluidic‐SERS Sensing
Authors: Sivashanmugan Kundan , Squire Kenneth , Kraai Joseph A. , Tan Ailing , Zhao Yong , Rorrer Gregory L. , Wang Alan X. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSurface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensing in microfluidic devices, namely optofluidic‐SERS, suffers an intrinsic tradeoff between mass transport and hot spot density, both of which are required for ultrasensitive detection. To overcome this compromise, photonic crystal‐enhanced plasmonic mesocapsules are synthesized, utilizing diatom biosilica decorated with in‐situ growth silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). In the optofluidic‐SERS testing of this study, 100× higher enhancement factors and more than 1,000× better detection limit are achieved compared with traditional colloidal Ag NPs, the improvement of which is attributed to unique properties of the mesocapsules. First, the porous diatom biosilica frustules serve as carrier capsules for high density Ag NPs that form high density plasmonic hot‐spots. Second, the submicron‐pores embedded in the frustule walls not only create a large surface‐to‐volume ratio allowing for effective analyte capture, but also enhance the local optical field through the photonic crystal effect. Last, the mesocapsules provide effective mixing with analytes as they are flowing inside the microfluidic channel. The reported mesocapsules achieve single molecule detection of Rhodamine 6G in microfluidic devices and are further utilized to detect 1 × 10−9 m of benzene and chlorobenzene compounds in tap water with near real‐time response, which successfully overcomes the constraint of traditional optofluidic sensing.
Glass Hardness Modification by Means of Ion Implantation: Electronic Doping versus Surface Composition Effect
Authors: Idé Julien , Cornil David , Jacques Amory , Navet Benjamine , Boulanger Pierre , Ventelon Lionel , Lazzaroni Roberto , Beljonne David , Cornil Jérôme 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCritical load measurements point to an improvement in the hardness of a soda–lime glass upon nitrogen implantation. In order to determine whether this improvement originates from electronic doping or surface composition changes induced by ion implantation, a theoretical approach using quantum‐chemical and force‐field methods combined with X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy is performed. The results indicate that neither an electronic effect nor a lattice distortion appear to be the primary cause of the hardness improvement. It is rather a change in the surface composition leading to a more densely cross‐linked and stiffer silica network at the top surface of the glass which is at the origin of this improvement.
Experimental Observation of van Hove Singularities in Quasi‐1D MoO2 Nanotubes
Authors: Zhang Yin , Qi Dongxia , Li Jianing , Han Liu , Tian Fanghua , Gu Songlin , Gao Lumei , Zhou Chao , Song Xiaoping , Zeng Hao , Yang Sen 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCurrently, a major challenge of investigating nanostructured materials lies in demonstrating exotic properties and outstanding performance through control of the structure and morphology. In particular, the density of states of each sub‐band diverges when solid semiconductors transit into 1D materials, which results in a special distribution know as a van Hove singularity (VH). However, there are no reports on the existence of VHs in 1D materials other than carbon nanotubes. Quasi‐1D MoO2 nanotubes with large aspect ratio are synthesized using a simple hydrothermal method. The VHs in the density of states are demonstrated by characterizing the multiple peaks in absorbance and fluorescence spectra, which is the first time that the existence of VHs in oxide nanotubes has been experimentally demonstrated. Detailed analysis indicates that the bandgap energies in the VH structure are strongly correlated with the nanotube diameter. It is believed that this work will be significant for further understanding of electronic structures in 1D materials, which will also promote their potential applications in related fields, particularly optoelectronics.
Eine rezeptorgeleitete Designstrategie zur Identifikation von Clickmeren
Authors: Rosenthal Malte , Pfeiffer Franziska , Mayer Günter 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDie Biomedizin benötigt effektive Werkzeuge um biologische Phänomene zu manipulieren, detektieren und studieren. Oligo(deoxy)nukleotid‐basierte Liganden stellen solche Werkzeuge dar, aber die momentanen Strategien für ihre Selektion sind eingeschränkt. Ihre eingeschränkte Verfügbarkeit genügt nicht, das breite Spektrum an Zielmolekülen abzudecken, das für die Biomedizin von Bedeutung ist. Anhand des hydrophoben Moleküls (−)‐Δ9‐Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) stellen wir eine rezeptorgeleitete Designstrategie (RGD) vor, die die Generierung modular anpassbarer, chemisch modifizierter Oligodeoxynukleotidbibliotheken zur Selektion von Clickmeren ermöglicht.
Elektrochemischer Durchlaufgenerator für hypervalente Iodreagenzien: Synthetische Anwendungen
Authors: Elsherbini Mohamed , Winterson Bethan , Alharbi Haifa , Folgueiras‐Amador Ana A. , Génot Célina , Wirth Thomas 
Published: May 2019

AbstractEs wurde ein effizienter und zuverlässiger elektrochemischer Generator für hypervalente Iodreagenzien entwickelt. Bei der anodischen Oxidation von Iodaromaten zu hypervalenten Iodreagenzien unter Flussbedingungen ersetzt der Einsatz von Elektrizität gefährliche und teure chemische Oxidationsmittel. Instabile hypervalente Iodreagenzien können leicht hergestellt und mit verschiedenen Substraten zur Reaktion gebracht werden, um oxidative Funktionalisierungen mit hohen Ausbeuten zu erreichen. Die instabilen elektrochemisch erzeugten Reagenzien können auch leicht durch Ligandenaustausch in klassische, stabile hypervalente Iodreagenzien umgewandelt werden. Die Kombination aus elektrochemischen und Flow‐chemischen Vorteilen verbessert die ökologische Bilanz des Prozesses im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Ansätzen erheblich.
Synthesis of Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagents Containing a Transferable (Diarylmethylene)amino Group and Their Use in the Oxidative Amination of Silyl Ketene Acetals
Authors: Kiyokawa Kensuke , Okumatsu Daichi , Minakata Satoshi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe preparation of some hypervalent iodine reagents containing a transferable amino group derived from benzophenone imine derivatives is reported. The reagents can be readily prepared and stored as a bench‐stable solid, and were successfully used in the transition‐metal‐free oxidative amination of silyl ketene acetals to afford the corresponding α‐amino esters, the benzophenone imine moieties of which could be easily hydrolyzed, thereby leading to the formation of primary amines.
Semi‐heterogeneous Dual Nickel/Photocatalysis using Carbon Nitrides: Esterification of Carboxylic Acids with Aryl Halides
Authors: Pieber Bartholomäus , Malik Jamal A. , Cavedon Cristian , Gisbertz Sebastian , Savateev Aleksandr , Cruz Daniel , Heil Tobias , Zhang Guigang , Seeberger Peter H. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCross‐coupling reactions mediated by dual nickel/photocatalysis are synthetically attractive but rely mainly on expensive, non‐recyclable noble‐metal complexes as photocatalysts. Heterogeneous semiconductors, which are commonly used for artificial photosynthesis and wastewater treatment, are a sustainable alternative. Graphitic carbon nitrides, a class of metal‐free polymers that can be easily prepared from bulk chemicals, are heterogeneous semiconductors with high potential for photocatalytic organic transformations. Here, we demonstrate that graphitic carbon nitrides in combination with nickel catalysis can induce selective C−O cross‐couplings of carboxylic acids with aryl halides, yielding the respective aryl esters in excellent yield and selectivity. The heterogeneous organic photocatalyst exhibits a broad substrate scope, is able to harvest green light, and can be recycled multiple times. In situ FTIR was used to track the reaction progress to study this transformation at different irradiation wavelengths and reaction scales.
A Receptor‐Guided Design Strategy for Ligand Identification
Authors: Rosenthal Malte , Pfeiffer Franziska , Mayer Günter 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBiomedical sciences require effective tools to manipulate, detect, and study biological phenomena. Oligo(deoxy)nucleotide ligands represent such tools, but the current strategies to generate them are restricted. Their limited availability is insufficient to address the broad range of targets related to biomedical research. Exemplified by targeting the hydrophobic molecule (−)‐Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), we report a receptor‐guided design (RGD) strategy to generate chemically modified oligodeoxynucleotide libraries for the tailored selection of clickmers.
From Crystalline to Amorphous Germania Bilayer Films at the Atomic Scale: Preparation and Characterization
Authors: Lewandowski Adrián L. , Tosoni Sergio , Gura Leonard , Schlexer Philomena , Marschalik Patrik , Schneider Wolf‐Dieter , Heyde Markus , Pacchioni Gianfranco , Freund Hans‐Joachim 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA new two‐dimensional (2D) germanium dioxide film has been prepared. The film consists of interconnected germania tetrahedral units forming a bilayer structure, weakly coupled to the supporting Pt(111) metal‐substrate. Density functional theory calculations predict a stable structure of 558‐membered rings for germania films, while for silica films 6‐membered rings are preferred. By varying the preparation conditions the degree of order in the germania films is tuned. Crystalline, intermediate ordered and purely amorphous film structures are resolved by analysing scanning tunnelling microscopy images.
Design Strategies for Vanadium‐based Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wan Fang , Niu Zhiqiang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) are considered promising energy storage devices for large‐scale energy storage systems as a consequence of their safety benefits and low cost. In recent years, various vanadium‐based compounds have been widely developed to serve as the cathodes of aqueous ZIBs because of their low cost and high theoretical capacity. Furthermore, different energy storage mechanisms are observed in ZIBs based on vanadium‐based cathodes. In this Minireview, we present a comprehensive overview of the energy storage mechanisms and structural features of various vanadium‐based cathodes in ZIBs. Furthermore, we discuss strategies for improving the electrochemical performance of vanadium‐based cathodes; including, insertion of metal ions, adjustment of structural water, selection of conductive additives, and optimization of electrolytes. Finally, this Minireview offers insight into potential future directions in the design of innovative vanadium‐based electrode materials.
Electropolymerization of Molecular‐Sieving Polythiophene Membranes for H2 Separation
Authors: Zhang Mengxi , Jing Xuechun , Zhao Shuang , Shao Pengpeng , Zhang Yuanyuan , Yuan Shuai , Li Yanshuo , Gu Cheng , Wang Xiaoqi , Ye Yanchun , Feng Xiao , Wang Bo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMembrane technologies that do not rely on heat for industrial gas separation would lower global energy cost. While polymeric, inorganic, and mixed‐matrix separation membranes have been rapidly developed, the bottleneck is balancing the processability, selectivity, and permeability. Reported here is a softness adjustment of rigid networks (SARs) strategy to produce flexible, stand‐alone, and molecular‐sieving membranes by electropolymerization. Here, 14 membranes were rationally designed and synthesized and their gas separation ability and mechanical performance were studied. The separation performance of the membranes for H2/CO2, H2/N2, and H2/CH4 can exceed the Robeson upper bound, among which, H2/CO2 separation selectivity reaches 50 with 626 Barrer of H2 permeability. The long‐term and chemical stability tests demonstrate their potential for industrial applications. This simple, scalable, and cost‐effective strategy holds promise for the design other polymers for key energy‐intensive separations.
Study on microstructure and mechanical properties of polydiacetylene composite biosensors
Authors: Hassan Faqrul , Gentry‐Weeks Claudia , Reynolds Melissa , Li Yan Vivian 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT10,12‐Pentacosadiynoic acid (PCDA) monomers were mixed with polyurethane (PU) or poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and the mixtures were electrospun to obtain composite nanofibers that were then photopolymerized via ultraviolet radiation, resulting polydiacetylene (PDA) in the nanofibers. The PDA demonstrated color‐changing properties in the presence of Escherichia coli, which exhibited potential for developing flexible colorimetric biosensors for medical textiles. Phase separation was found in the PEO–PDA fibers, resulting in amorphous PEO accumulation at the fiber surface. In contrast, the PU–PDA fibers demonstrated a homogeneous microstructure throughout the fibers. Tensile test results suggested a molecular orientation in the PU–PDA fibers that significantly improved the mechanical properties of the fibers. The presence of PDA in the matrix polymer reduced the overall strength and breaking elongation of both composite nanofibers in comparison to 100% PEO and PU fibers. A single PU–PDA fiber showed significantly higher stiffness and modulus than a single PEO–PDA fiber. Force–distance curve analysis suggested that the PU–PDA fibers exhibited an elastic deformation. In a comparison, the PEO–PDA fibers were brittle and showed low modulus. The results of structural and mechanical properties suggest that the PU–PDA nanofibers are a promising composite for developing nonadherent, durable, and flexible colorimetric biosensors used in medical textiles. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47877.
The clinical study on treatment of CD19‐directed chimeric antigen receptor‐modified T cells in a case of refractory Richter syndrome
Authors: Xia Leiming , Wang Yi , Li Tan , Hu Xueying , Chen Qian , Liu Liu , Jiang Beilei , Li Caixin , Wang Hua , Wang Siying , Yang Guanghua , Bao Yangyi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRichter syndrome (RS) indicates the transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) into an aggressive lymphoma (mostly DLBCL). Richter syndrome is a rare complication with an aggressive clinical course, bearing an unfavorable prognosis. Currently, there is no effective treatment for it. As a novel cellular‐based immune therapy, chimeric antigen receptor‐modified T (CART) cells treatment is gradually used in treating hematological malignancies, especially in CD19+ B‐cell malignancy. Therefore, CD19‐directed chimeric antigen receptor‐modified T cells (CART‐19) treatment is promising to be used as a new method for RS patients. In our study, one RS patient expressing high level of CD19 molecule was enrolled in clinical trial; he has received a series of treatments but did not achieve a satisfactory therapeutic effect. The patient totally received 3.55 × 108 autologous CART‐19 cells infusion. After CART‐19 infusion, the mainly clinical side effect was repeated fever. The maximal duration period was 24 days and the highest temperature was 40.1°C. Pancytopenia and significantly serum cytokines level rise were observed, including IFN‐γ, IL‐6, and IL‐10. Before discharge, the level of cytokines reduced to normal levels. In addition, we detected the serum biochemical indices as like K+, Ca2+, creatinine, and glutamic‐pyruvic transaminase, all of these indices were normal. This showed that there was no tumor necrosis syndrome after treatment. The proportion of B cells in patient's peripheral blood decreased from 72% to 40.2% after infusion, co‐occurring with reduction in lymph nodes and hematopoietic reconstitution. Based on the recent revolution in the therapeutic landscape for hematological malignancies including B‐cell lymphomas, CART‐CD19 cell therapy as a new therapeutic option for RS might be available in the coming years. It aims to reduce patient's tumor burden, prolong their survival time, and provide opportunities for other sequential therapy such as chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation.
The mRVG‐9R peptide as a potential therapeutic vector to the central nervous system cells
Authors: Villa‐Cedillo Sheila A , Soto‐Domínguez Adolfo , Rodríguez‐Rocha Humberto , García‐García Aracely , de Jesús Loera‐Arias María , Rivera‐Chávez Luis F , Acosta‐Espinoza Esrom J , Valdés Jesús , Zavala‐Flores Laura M , Montes‐de‐Oca‐Luna Roberto , Saucedo‐Cárdenas Odila 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOur research group has developed a cell‐penetrating peptide‐based delivery system that includes the Asn194Lys mutation in the rabies virus glycoprotein‐9R peptide (mRVG‐9R). This system has the capacity to deliver DNA in astrocytes and SH‐SY5Y cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of the mRVG‐9R peptide to deliver DNA molecules to murine brain cells. The mRVG‐9R peptide, a karyophilic peptide (KP) and a plasmid encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) were bound by electrostatic charges to form the mRVG‐9R complex. mRVG‐9R complex was injected into the cerebral cortex, striatum and hippocampus of C57BL/6 mice by stereotactic surgery. After 2, 4, and 20 days, the animals were sacrificed and their brains were prepared for quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction and histological analysis. We detected the GFP expression in neurons and glial cells in the cerebral cortex, striatum, and hippocampus of the murine brain. The results suggest that the mRVG‐9R peptide has the ability to deliver DNA molecules to murine brain cells. Also, the expression of the reporter gene is maintained at least up to 20 days after injection in neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia cells. Thus, the in vivo transfection ability of the mRVG‐9R peptide, makes it a promising candidate as a therapeutic gene delivery vector to the central nervous system cells.
Einfluss der Rührwerksposition auf den Mischprozess in Biogasanlagen anhand eines Paddelrührwerks
Authors: Annas Sven , Elfering Michael , Volbert Nico , Jantzen Hans‐Arno , Scholz Jürgen , Janoske Uwe 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDie Auslegung und Optimierung von Rührsystemen in Biogasanlagen erfolgt nach wie vor auf Basis empirischer Erfahrungswerte. Mithilfe der particle image velocimetry (PIV) wurde das Strömungsfeld eines Paddelrührwerks unter dem Einfluss der Einbaulage und der Fluidviskosität im Labormaßstab untersucht. Dabei wurden die Viskositätseigenschaften von Fermentersuspensionen mithilfe eines Rohrviskosimeters bestimmt. Über Maßstabsgesetze konnten die Viskositätseigenschaften der Modellsuspensionen für den Versuch angepasst werden. Als Ergebnis zeigt sich, dass eine geänderte Einbaulage Totzonen um bis zu 55 % reduzieren kann.
Multitalent für die Prozessmedien‐Analyse
Authors: Casonato Ketty 
Published: May 2019

AbstractVom digitalen Messsensor über die automatisierte Datenerfassung und analyse bis zur Cloud‐basierten Ferndiagnostik treibt Knick die Entwicklung der Analysenmesstechnik im Kontext von Industrie 4.0 voran. So ist die jüngste Generation seiner Stratos‐Analysenmessgeräte für Memosens‐, digitale sowie analoge Sensoren mit zahlreichen neuen Features auf den flexiblen Einsatz in allen Anwendungen eingestellt. Die 2‐Kanal‐Transmitter ermöglichen die freie Kombination von Parametern zur pH‐, Redox , Leitfähigkeits‐ und Sauerstoffmessung und verfügen über zusätzliche Kommunikationsschnittstellen zur Datenübertragung via Profinet und Ethernet.