bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceptual Kinds as Supervening Sortals
Authors: Skrzypulec Błażej 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIt seems intuitive that in situations of perceptual recognition, additional properties are represented. While much has been written about the significance of such properties for perceptual phenomenology, it is still unclear (a) what the relation between recognition‐based properties and lower‐level perceptual properties is and (b) whether it is justified to classify them as kind properties. Relying on results in cognitive psychology, I argue that recognition‐based properties (I) are irreducible, high‐level properties, and (II) are kind properties by virtue of being sortal properties but (III) supervene on lower‐level properties and so are unlikely to be natural kind properties.
Identification of simple‐sequence‐repeat markers linked to Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. carthami) resistance and marker‐assisted selection for wilt resistance in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) interspecific offsprings
Authors: Anjani Kammili , Ponukumatla Bhavna , Mishra Debadutta , Ravulapalli Durga Prasad 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSafflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a multipurpose oilseed crop. Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. carthami) is the major damaging disease in safflower. In the present investigation, Fusarium wilt resistance was introgressed from two wild species, Carthamus oxyacantha and Carthamus palaestinus, into susceptible cultivated species through interspecific hybridization. Inheritance of wilt resistance indicated single dominant gene control. Eight simple‐sequence‐repeat (SSR) markers each in (‘Nira’ × C. oxyacantha) and (‘Nira’ × C. palaestinus) were found to be linked to wilt resistance. Marker‐assisted selection for wilt resistance was performed using these markers in F3–F7 generations of both crosses. Six wilt resistant interspecific lines evaluated for 2 years under nondisease conditions have recorded 9%–29% higher seed yield than the high yielding cultivar, ‘A1’. The wilt resistant lines would serve as new sources of resistance to wilt in safflower. The SSR markers linked to wilt resistance would be useful for precise selection of wilt resistance at seedling stage in large segregating populations without attempting screening in artificially inoculated conditions and pyramiding of wilt resistant genes from wild into a common background.
Pooled mapping of quantitative trait loci conferring male sterility‐conditioned glume split in rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Omboki Ratemo Billy , Zheng Yan , Chen Zhiwei , Guan Huazhong , Tang Weiqi , Huang Likun , Xie Xiaofang , Wu Weiren 
Published: September 2018

AbstractGlume split (GS) refers to the phenomenon that the lemma and palea of a rice seed cannot be fully closed. There is a kind of GS that occurs only under male sterility. Such male sterility‐conditioned GS (mscGS) can severely reduce the quality of hybrid rice seeds and therefore is a serious problem in hybrid rice production. To reveal the genetic basis of mscGS, we employed the method of bulked segregant analysis combined with deep sequencing to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) conferring mscGS. By analysing a pair of opposite DNA pools made up of 50 extreme individuals each from an F2 population of 509 individuals, we mapped two major QTLs on the long arm terminals of chromosomes 5 and 6, respectively. We named them qmscGS5 and qmscGS6. The two QTLs both function mainly in additive mode, explaining a heritability of 16.98% and 11.96% by their additive effects, respectively. The information obtained in this study will facilitate marker‐assisted breeding of low‐GS male‐sterile lines and positional cloning of genes controlling mscGS in rice.
Comparison of UV protection properties of cotton fabrics treated with aqueous and methanolic extracts of Solanum nigrum and Amaranthus viridis plants
Authors: Saleem Muhammad Asad , Nazir Ahsan , Nazir Faiza , Ayaz Pirah , Faizan Muhammad Qasim , Usman Muhammad , Hussain Tanveer 
Published: September 2018

SummaryHarmful effects of ultraviolet rays and protection against them have been long discussed. Numerous synthetic dyes, finishes, UV absorbers, and optical brightening agents are present in the market for decades for achieving UV protection through textiles. However, due to environmental impacts of these chemical agents, textile industry is looking for alternatives. In this regard, some natural dyes and plant extracts have shown promising results. However, use of colorless plant extracts as UV protective finishes is still rare. In this study, ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) rating of bleached cotton fabric has been improved by the application of plant extracts with minimal change in fabric's color. For this purpose, two medicinal plants, that is, Solanum nigrum and Amaranthus viridis were selected and bleached cotton fabric was treated with their methanolic and aqueous extracts. Fabrics treated with both extracts exhibited excellent UPF ratings.
A Norm of Evidence and Research in Decision‐making (NERD): Scale Development, Reliability, and Validity
Authors: Hall Jeremy L. , Van Ryzin Gregg G. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractEvidence‐based management is on the rise as a strategy to promote more rational decision‐making and effectiveness in governance and public service delivery. To understand how widespread the use of evidence is among managers in various settings, and why evidence is emphasized more in some settings than others, it is necessary to have a good measure of the use of research and evidence in management decision‐making. This article reports on the development and testing of a new multi‐item scale, Norm of Evidence and Research in Decision‐making (NERD), that can be used across organizational and functional settings to assess evidence‐based management practices within an agency. The results indicate that the scale is internally consistent (reliable) and that it correlates with criteria of the underlying construct (valid). The article concludes with a discussion of the potential utility of the scale for advancing research and understanding about the use of evidence by public and nonprofit managers.
Oxythiamine improves antifungal activity of ketoconazole evaluated in canine Malassezia pachydermatis strains
Authors: Siemieniuk Magdalena , Sosnowska Katarzyna , Czerniecki Jan , Czyzewska Urszula , Winnicka Katarzyna , Tylicki Adam 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundMalassezia pachydermatis is an opportunistic yeast involved in skin and ear canal infections of dogs and cats. Reports suggest that strains of M. pachydermatis resistant to commonly used antifungal agents may be emerging. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies should be explored.ObjectivesThe synergistic effect of oxythiamine (OT) and ketoconazole (KTC) was analysed using a reference strain and field isolates (n = 66) of M. pachydermatis. Hydrogel formulations containing these components also were evaluated.Methods and materialsThe minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFCs) of OT, KTC and their mixtures were determined by a broth macrodilution method. The antifungal effects of hydrogel formulations were determined by a plate diffusion method.ResultsThe MIC and MFC values of OT were in the range 0.08 × 103 to 10 × 103 mg/L. All M. pachydermatis strains showed higher susceptibility to KTC (MICs and MFCs in the range 0.04–0.32 mg/L). Formulations that combined OT and KTC showed a synergistic effect for all tested isolates (n = 66). Hydrogels that contained OT at a concentration of 10 × 103 or 20 × 103 mg/L and KTC at the concentration of 0.1 × 103 mg/L showed a stronger effect than a commercially available product with KTC alone (20 × 103 mg/L).Conclusions and clinical importanceSynergy of these drugs may allow for successful topical treatment which utilizes lower doses of KTC without changing its therapeutic effectiveness. Hydrogel formulations proved to be attractive drug carriers for potential topical use.
On the Optimum Pressure Drop of Axial Kinetic Turbines Operating Within Nozzles
Authors: Moreu Jaime , García-Morato Ricardo , Valle Jesús , de Guzmán Santiago , Terceño Miriam 
Published: September 2018

Kinetic turbines harnessing tidal and ocean currents make use, in some designs, of nozzles and/or diffusers. Nozzles come at a cost, but they can help from the structural, hydrodynamic or positioning points of view. In those cases, they might make sense as long as they drive the LCoE (Levelized Cost of Energy) down, which is the ultimate objective of energy-harnessing devices. The design must then optimize the combined performance of both blades and nozzle. However, the interaction between turbine blades and nozzle is not always fully clear, and even less its optimization. A relevant amount of efficiency can be lost if the design spiral is not appropriate.
The authors have suggested in [1] an approach for the optimization of turbines within nozzles. This approach was followed in [2] and validated with model tests. In the approach, the turbine is initially substituted by an actuator disc that applies a radially constant pressure drop. But in these references, the optimum pressure drop in the actuator disc was the same as if there was no nozzle at all, i.e., 4/9ρv2. This is equivalent to considering the nozzle coefficient does not depend on the pressure drop, and thus, on the induced velocity field. Hence it is a somewhat arbitrary assumption.
This paper describes, using actuator disc theory, how nozzles affect the disc optimum pressure drop in uniform flow conditions. The effect of a hub is also analyzed. Then, using a viscous FVM CFD code, the variation of the pressure drop is quantified for two different acceleration nozzles, one suffering flow separation and the other one not. As the pressure drop increases, so does the flow expansion downstream. This rises the average radial component of velocity at the nozzle, increasing the thrust and nozzle coefficient. Therefore the optimum pressure drop goes up compared to that without nozzle. The increment in efficiency that can be obtained with this approach is quantified for the studied nozzles. Finally, the integration of this effect into the blade design is discussed.
New Concept Design of Large FPSO for Santos Basin - Brazil
Authors: Vilameá Eduardo M. , de Oliveira Allan C. , Ruggeri Felipe , Nishimoto Kazuo 
Published: September 2018

The offshore oil fields exploitation, especially giant fields in the Santos basin, brings with it demands for systems capable of operating at ultra-deep waters, with high capacity production wells and high gas/oil ratio (GOR) with large amount of contaminants.
In this scenario, steel catenary risers (SCRs) offer the simplest, most robust and lowest cost solution. However, due to its rigidity compared to flexible risers, this solution is affected by the high dynamic forces imposed on the top of the riser, in consequence of the FPSOs large vertical movement in waves, making difficulties on their application in conventional FPSO hull units. This dynamic problem is caused by environmental conditions of the region, which are harsher than those observed in the Campos Basin.
The reservoir characteristics described above demands high-capacity oil & gas process plants, larger than those used today in the Brazilian offshore. Initial estimates show that these plants require a much larger deck area than conventional platforms and, more than that, a greatest breadth of the vessel.
This paper presents the ULFPSO (Ultra Large Floating Production, Storage and Offloading) concept, developed to satisfy such conflicting requirements. The design process, including the preliminary sizing, physical scale model test and the hull form optimization are discussed and presented in this paper based on a high-capacity process plant case study.
Developing Mk Solutions for Fatigue Crack Growth Assessment of Flaws at Weld Root Toes in Girth Welds
Authors: Zhang Yan-Hui , London Tyler , DeBono Damaso 
Published: September 2018

Engineering critical assessment (ECA) is increasingly being used in the offshore industry to determine the maximum tolerable initial flaw size in girth welds for pipelines and risers. To account for the effect of the stress concentration factor (SCF) at the weld toe on the stress intensity factor range, ΔK, a magnification factor, Mk, is used. The existing Mk solutions given in BS 7910 were developed for fatigue assessment of flaws at the toes of fillet and butt welds and may not be suitable for assessing flaws at girth weld root toes, where the weld width is relatively small. On the other hand, for single-sided girth welds, fatigue cracking often initiates from weld toes on the root side, rather than on the weld cap side.
Finite element (FE) modelling was performed to determine a 2D Mk solution for ECA of a flaw at the weld root bead toe. The weld root bead profile was uniquely characterised by five variables including weld root bead width, weld root bead height, hi-lo, weld root bead angle and weld root bead radius. Following a parametric sensitivity study, defect size, weld root bead height and hi-lo were identified as the governing parameters. A total of 6,000 FE simulations was performed and three types of defect models, which covered different combinations of weld root bead height and hi-lo, were generated and analysed. A series of automation scripts were developed in the Python programming language and the Mk solution for each type of defect model was developed and provided in a parametric equation. The accuracy of the 2D Mk solutions was confirmed by the experimental data, in terms of both fatigue crack growth and S-N curves. It was found that the methods and Mk solutions currently recommended in BS 7910 and DNV OS-F101 are inappropriate for assessing a flaw at a girth weld root toe.
Development of a Screening Frequency Scanning Test Method
Authors: Zhang Yan-Hui 
Published: September 2018

Fatigue crack growth rates (FCGR) in corrosive environment depends on loading frequency. Frequency scanning testing is often used to determine this effect. However, it is well known that the effect of loading frequency also depends on the magnitude of stress intensity factor range, ΔK. It is generally found that, with decreasing loading frequency, FCGR decreases in the low ΔK regime, increases and then decreases after reaching the saturating loading frequency in the intermediate ΔK regime, and keeps increasing in the high ΔK regime. To accurately characterise the effect of loading frequency on FCGR, several frequency scanning tests are required for a particular application (corrosive environment, material, welding procedure etc), each at a different ΔK level. These are time consuming and expensive tests.
A novel screening frequency scanning test method has thus been developed. The method is similar to the step load fracture toughness test method often used to make a quicker estimate of fracture toughness of material in corrosive environment. In the screening frequency scanning test, both loading frequency and ΔK are changed in steps. At a relatively low and constant ΔK level, loading frequency is reduced in steps, after a certain amount of crack growth. Once the FCGR exhibits decreasing or has achieved a saturating loading frequency with decreasing loading frequency, ΔK is then increased to another higher level and the above process is repeated; the above procedures are repeated until the target maximum ΔK and the lowest loading frequency have been achieved. This method allows an estimate of the effect of loading frequency on FCGR in a large ΔK range using a single specimen. The results of the screening frequency scanning tests demonstrated that this method was feasible and provided a good and quick estimate of the effect of loading frequency on FCGR.
Scale Model Investigations on Vibro Pile Driving
Authors: Stein Philipp , Hinzmann Nils , Gattermann Jörg 
Published: September 2018

Monopiles installed by impact driving are the preferred system for the foundation of offshore wind turbines in water depths up to 40 m. The vibration technique as alternative installation method has big advantages regarding piling noise and installation time. Much experience exists for the design and installation of impact driven piles. Within the research project ZykLaMP, the lack of experience concerning vibrated monopiles shall be faced by means of large-scaled model investigations regarding the lateral load-bearing behavior.
Therefore, open ended steel pipe piles (L = 2.4 m, Dpile = 0.6 m) are installed into dense sand by means of impact and vibratory pile driving and then subjected to cyclic lateral loading. This paper focusses on pile driving predictions and measurements during the installation process.
Pile driving post-predictions were carried out based on a simple force equilibrium approach. Model piles were installed using two different vibro hammers with different eccentric moments and one impact hammer. Measurements of strains and accelerations were carried out to investigate dynamic movements during pile driving. Earth pressure transducers were used to investigate the development of soil stresses due to the installation process.
Measurements show that even at high acceleration amplitudes a refusal to vibratory driving may occur at a certain penetration depth. Soil stresses in the vicinity of the pile decrease to about 50 % due to vibratory driving which is one reason for the friction fatigue phenomenon.
Drivability studies using the force equilibrium model give rough predictions about whether or not a pile can be driven to a certain penetration depth but are quite sensitive to input parameters. For the model tests, post-predictions gave reasonable results.
Validated Methodology for Calculating Fatigue Capacity of Deepwater Umbilicals
Authors: Connaire Adrian , Doynov Krassimir , Nestor Ruairi , Krishnan Venkat 
Published: September 2018

Steel tube umbilical designs are becoming more complex and are being deployed in increasingly severe environments. Umbilical designs can now accommodate up to 3-inch diameter steel tubes for chemical and hydraulic injection, up to four layers of armoring, multiple electrical cables and fiber optic lines. Large power transmission cables are also being incorporated in umbilical constructions. This is leading to ever increasing umbilical mass, radial loads, pressure loads and increased demands on the designer to demonstrate adequate fatigue capacity.
A method has been developed for predicting the fatigue response of deepwater umbilicals, particularly for umbilicals subject to high tension and bending loads. The method involves predicting cyclic stress in the umbilical components (steel tubes or power cables) using an industry standard, general purpose numerical tool. It comprehensively accounts for the complex relationships between umbilical curvature, tension, inter-layer contact forces and tube stress variation. This paper describes the validation of the method against measured data obtained from full scale fatigue tests performed on two deepwater umbilicals.
A key feature of the method relates to the construction and verification of suitable finite element (FE) models and the simulation of fatigue conditions. For the validation of the models, results from the full scale dynamic umbilical test cases incorporating bend stiffeners and loading arms are used, which demonstrate umbilical hysteretic behavior under cyclic bending loads. Hysteretic stress-curvature loops obtained from strain gauge readings for various tube locations within the bend stiffener regions for two umbilical constructions with significantly different lay-up configurations and fatigue stress regimes are used for comparison to strain predictions from the FE models.
A significant advantage of the modelling and analysis methods described in this paper is that it employs the widely-used industry standard numerical FE tool, Abaqus, for the modelling and analysis of the umbilical. Key features and insights from the modelling, analysis approach and validation against the results of a deepwater umbilical dynamic test program are described. A robust and efficient method for the independent assessment of the fatigue capacity of deepwater umbilicals is demonstrated.
Effect of Lateral Pipe-Soil Interaction on Controlled Lateral Buckling Using Pre-Deformed Pipeline
Authors: Chee Jayden , Walker Alastair , White David 
Published: September 2018

A novel approach to eliminate the onset of global buckling in pipelines is investigated in the paper. The method is based on pre-deforming a pipeline continuously with a specific wavelength and amplitude prior to installation on the seabed. The response of the pipeline to applied high temperature and pressure was studied in conjunction with variations in the lateral pipe-soil interaction (PSI) — both as uniform friction along the pipe and also with locally varying friction.
Pipe and seabed parameters representing a typical wet-insulated infield flow line on soft clay are used. The pre-deformed pipeline has a higher buckle initiation temperature compared to a straight pipeline due to the reduced effective axial force build-up resulting from the low axial stiffness generated by the pre-deformed lobes along the pipeline.
The results from this paper show that the strains in the pre-deformed pipeline are not significantly affected by the local variability of lateral PSI but rather by the global mean PSI. At a typical lateral soil resistance, i.e. a friction coefficient of 0.5, lateral buckling occurs at a very high temperature level that is not common in the subsea operation. At a very low friction, i.e. 0.1, lateral buckling occurs at a lower operating temperature but the strain is insignificant. The longitudinal strain of the pipeline is not highly sensitive to the lateral PSI, which is a quite different response to an initially straight pipeline. Therefore, this method could prove to be a valuable tool for the subsea industry as it enables the pipeline to be installed and operated safely at very high temperatures without the need for lateral buckling design and installation of expensive structures as buckle initiators.
Even if the pre-deformed pipeline buckles at a very high temperature, during cycles of heat-up and cool-down the buckle shape ‘shakes down’ by geometric rearrangement to minimize the energy, and in doing so creates a series of ‘short pipelines’ in which the longitudinal strain is self-controlled.
The system is therefore shown to be very robust in the conditions investigated and not affected by one of the biggest unknowns in seabed pipeline engineering, which is the local variability in lateral PSI.