bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of fast‐acting insulin aspart in insulin pump therapy in clinical practice
Authors: Evans Mark , Ceriello Antonio , Danne Thomas , De Block Christophe , DeVries J. Hans , Lind Marcus , Mathieu Chantal , Nørgaard Kirsten , Renard Eric , Wilmot Emma G. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFast‐acting insulin aspart (faster aspart) is a novel formulation of insulin aspart (IAsp) containing the additional excipients niacinamide and L‐arginine. The improved pharmacological profile and greater early glucose‐lowering action of faster aspart compared with IAsp suggests that faster aspart may be advantageous for people with diabetes using continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). The recent onset 5 trial was the first to evaluate the efficacy and safety of an ultra‐fast‐acting insulin in CSII therapy in a large number of participants with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Non‐inferiority of faster aspart to IAsp in terms of change from baseline in HbA1c was confirmed, with an estimated treatment difference (ETD) of 0.09% (95% CI, 0.01; 0.17; P < 0.001 for non‐inferiority [0.4% margin]). Faster aspart was superior to IAsp in terms of change from baseline in 1‐hour post‐prandial glucose (PPG) increment after a meal test (ETD [95% CI], −0.91 mmol/L [−1.43; −0.39]; P = 0.001), with statistically significant improvements also at 30 minutes and 2 hours. The overall rate of severe or blood glucose‐confirmed hypoglycaemia was not statistically significantly different between treatments, with an estimated rate ratio of 1.00 (95% CI, 0.85; 1.16). A numerical imbalance in severe hypoglycaemic episodes between faster aspart and IAsp was seen in the treatment (21 vs 7) and the 4‐week run‐in periods (4 vs 0). Experience from clinical practice indicates that all pump settings should be reviewed when initiating faster aspart with CSII, and that the use of continuous glucose monitoring or flash glucose monitoring, along with a good understanding of meal content and bolus type, may also facilitate optimal use. This review summarizes the available clinical evidence for faster aspart administered via CSII and highlights practical considerations based on clinical experience that may help healthcare providers and individuals with T1D successfully initiate and adjust faster aspart with CSII.
Inter‐individual variation in honey bee dance intensity correlates with expression of the foraging gene
Authors: George Ebi A. , Bröger Ann‐Kathrin , Thamm Markus , Brockmann Axel , Scheiner Ricarda 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIndividual behavioural differences in responding to the same stimuli is an integral part of division of labour in eusocial insect colonies. Amongst honey bee nectar foragers, individuals strongly differ in their sucrose responsiveness, which correlates with strong differences in behavioural decisions. In this study, we explored whether the mechanisms underlying the regulation of foraging are linked to inter‐individual differences in the waggle dance activity of honey bee foragers. We first quantified the variation in dance activity amongst groups of foragers visiting an artificial feeder filled consecutively with different sucrose concentrations. We then determined, for these foragers, the sucrose responsiveness and the brain expression levels of three genes associated with food search and foraging; the foraging gene Amfor, octopamine receptor gene AmoctαR1 and insulin receptor AmInR‐2. As expected, foragers showed large inter‐individual differences in their dance activity, irrespective of the reward offered at the feeder. The sucrose responsiveness correlated positively with the intensity of the dance activity at the higher reward condition, with the more responsive foragers having a higher intensity of dancing. Out of the three genes tested, Amfor expression significantly correlated with dance activity, with more active dancers having lower expression levels. Our results show that dance and foraging behaviour in honey bees have similar mechanistic underpinnings and supports the hypothesis that the social communication behaviour of honey bees might have evolved by co‐opting behavioural modules involved in food search and foraging in solitary insects.
The role of chief executive tenure for public organizations' hiring of management consultants
Authors: Pemer Frida , Börjeson Love , Werr Andreas 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPublic organizations increasingly rely on management consultants to access expertise, impose reforms, and drive organizational change, and spend large sums each year on their services. Despite this, we know little about the antecedents of public organizations' use of management consulting services. Drawing on upper echelon theory, a longitudinal hypothesis‐testing study of the hiring of management consultants in 72 Swedish public organizations, and interviews with Swedish chief executives (CEs), we find an inverted U‐shaped relationship between CE tenure and public organizations' use of management consulting services. We also find that this relationship is moderated by CEs' previous experience and managerial discretion. These findings contribute to theorizing on the use of management consulting services and the influence of CEs in public organizations.
Optimizing patient flow in a multidisciplinary haemophilia clinic using quality improvement methodology
Authors: Drayton Jackson Meghan , Bartman Thomas , McGinniss Jessica , Widener Pamela , Dunn Amy L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroductionMultidisciplinary clinics in academic settings are often inefficient and can lead to lengthy clinic visits for patients and staff.AimWe aimed to use quality improvement (QI) methodology and a multidisciplinary approach to optimize outpatient comprehensive haemophilia clinic flow.MethodsAt baseline, a multidisciplinary QI team created a key driver diagram to identify drivers of haemophilia clinic flow. Identified drivers included patient needs/scheduling, provider flow and laboratory/research requirements. From December 2016 to August 2017, value stream mapping (VSM) was used to identify barriers to clinic flow, and plan–do–study–act cycles were used to address these barriers. Interventions included (a) standardizing the order in which providers saw patients to enable time‐sensitive laboratories, (b) improving HTC team meeting functionality, (c) optimizing a visual management board and implementing a flow coordinator, (d) initiating a team huddle prior to clinic start and (e) modifying the clinic appointment template. Timely laboratory draw was used as a surrogate marker of clinic flow, and VSM utilization percentage was used as an objective measure of efficiency.ResultsWe did not demonstrate a statistically significant improvement in timed laboratory draws; however, clinic utilization percentage increased by 30%, which resulted in adding point‐of‐care musculoskeletal ultrasound services without lengthening clinic duration.ConclusionQuality improvement methodology is an effective means of improving clinic utilization in a multidisciplinary clinic.
Autotaxin is a valuable biomarker for the prediction of liver fibrosis in patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Honda Yasushi , Imajo Kento , Kobayashi Takashi , Kessoku Takaomi , Ogawa Yuji , Tomeno Wataru , Yoneda Masato , Kobayashi Noritoshi , Saito Satoru , Nakajima Atsushi 
Published: May 2019

AimWe investigated the characteristics of serum autotaxin (ATX) and its diagnostic performance for liver fibrosis in a large cohort of patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).MethodsWe compared the usefulness of ATX and other fibrosis markers in 307 biopsy‐confirmed NAFLD patients. In addition, in 145 participants with NAFLD, we compared the diagnostic performance of ATX with that of non‐invasive imaging methods (vibration‐controlled transient elastography and magnetic resonance elastography [MRE]).ResultsSerum ATX concentration was significantly correlated with fibrosis stage in male and female NAFLD patients. In male patients, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve values of ATX for the diagnosis of ≥stage 1, ≥stage 2, ≥stage 3, and ≥stage 4 fibrosis were 0.65, 0.75, 0.81, and 0.95, respectively. In female NAFLD participants, the AUROC values were all >0.81. The sensitivity of ATX was highest for the diagnosis of ≥stage 2 and ≥stage 3 fibrosis in both men and women with NAFLD. In the comparison between ATX and non‐invasive imaging methods, the AUROC for MRE was the highest at every stage of fibrosis.ConclusionsSerum ATX concentration is significantly correlated with fibrosis stage in NAFLD patients. The diagnostic accuracy of ATX for liver fibrosis is lower than that of MRE, but the sensitivities of ATX for the diagnosis of ≥stage 2 and ≥stage 3 were highest. We conclude that ATX is useful for the selection of patients requiring further evaluation for liver fibrosis.
The currency of power in late Anglo‐Saxon England
Authors: Naismith Rory 
Published: May 2019

AbstractEngland between the early 970s and 1066 had a remarkable monetary system, consisting of silver pennies of standardised type which were reminted frequently. Each penny carried the name of the individual responsible for its manufacture and identified where he was based. This formidable currency came about thanks to unique conditions in the late 10th and early 11th centuries. An initial reform by Edgar was followed by a rapid sequence of recoinages under his son Æthelred II, which constituted one means of asserting morally responsible governance in the face of perceived divine displeasure. It follows that the chronology and motivation behind the coinage need to be seen as products of central, courtly developments. Actual minting, however, was a matter of individual moneyers dealing with individual customers. Here, it is argued that moneyers and mint‐places need to be seen as part of the wider landscape of formal and informal social power, and that production of coin generally came about through networks of lordship and authority. Integration of the moneyers (typically drawn from the lower elite) across England into centrally controlled mechanisms such as the coinage was one of the underpinning strengths of the late Anglo‐Saxon kingdom, linking different forms of power and giving a large swathe of the political community a stake in the realm's institutions.
The place of geography in lesbian history
Authors: Millward Liz 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLesbian history has undergone several paradigm shifts in recent decades. Historians draw on the theoretical and methodological approaches taken in other disciplines as part of their interest in remaining accountable to the present‐day community. Lesbian geographies, part of the geographies of sexualities field, offer a valuable way to consider the role of place and space in lesbians' lives in the past. It also suggests that an intersectional approach can aid in demonstrating the ongoing value of lesbian history to current struggles.
Crystallisation of palm olein under the influence of sucrose esters
Authors: Tangsanthatkun Janjira , Sonwai Sopark 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThis work studied the effects of three sucrose esters (S170, P170 and L195) on the crystallisation of palm olein (PO). The effect of the emulsifiers on the crystallisation behaviour, crystallisation curves, microstructure and polymorphism was investigated. Both S170 and P170 accelerated the early stages, via template effects, but suppressed the later stages of PO crystallisation. The effect on the latter stages was stronger with P170 than S170. In contrast, L195 suppressed PO crystallisation at all time points. Through DSC, S170 and P170 only associated with the high‐melting fraction of PO whereas L195 showed little influence. All SEs exhibited no effect on polymorphism. S170 and P170 greatly reduced PO crystal size but increased crystal number while the L195 increased the crystal size but decreased the crystal number especially at low concentration. Overall, S170, P170 and L195 influence PO crystallisation kinetics but the effect was dependent on the emulsifier concentration.
Suplatast tosilate in patients with interstitial cystitis: Efficacy and treatment possibilities, with suggestions for future assessments
Authors: Ueda Tomohiro , Homma Yukio , Yoshimura Naoki 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveSuplatast tosilate, a Th2 cytokine inhibitor, was predicted to relieve interstitial cystitis symptoms. Four studies with suplatast tosilate in Japanese interstitial cystitis patients have been conducted: a single‐arm clinical study, a phase II dose‐ranging trial, a phase III trial with placebo, and a second phase PIII trial with placebo. Treatment efficacy was observed in the first two studies; however, in the phase PIII trials, no significant difference in interstitial cystitis symptom score changes was observed between suplatast tosilate and placebo. We summarized these four studies to investigate factors causing the difference in observed efficacy.MethodsPlacebo effects in the first two studies and differences regarding study design between the four studies were considered to be possible factors. Therefore, placebo effects were investigated by comparing interstitial cystitis symptom score changes, and the study designs were compared to investigate the effects on observed efficacy.ResultsInterstitial cystitis symptom score changes in the phase PII treatment groups increased in a dose‐dependent manner and showed an almost linear relationship with interstitial cystitis symptom score changes observed in placebo groups of 2 phase PIII studies. A major difference regarding the phase PIII study design was the use of diagnostic hydrodistention. Diagnostic hydrodistention and its washout period were applied only in the phase PIII trials.ConclusionsComparison of interstitial cystitis symptom score changes suggested that the placebo effect was very small. Use of diagnostic hydrodistention was considered to be a major difference in the population characteristics of the studies and may have resulted in different observed efficacies. Diagnostic hydrodistention, which potentially influences the treatment effect, is probably not essential for trials of suplatast in interstitial cystitis patients.
Interstitial cystitis, bladder pain syndrome, hypersensitive bladder, and interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome – clarification of definitions and relationships
Authors: Homma Yukio 
Published: May 2019

AbstractInterstitial cystitis and interstitial cystitis‐related conditions such as bladder pain syndrome and hypersensitive bladder have a similar symptomatic profile but probably different etiologies. A meaningful classification of these diseases/conditions is mandatory for clinical and investigational progress. The condition with Hunner lesions (Hunner type interstitial cystitis) is distinct from other categories in terms of histopathology, gene expression, and clinical management. Classification should clearly differentiate the presence or absence of Hunner lesions. The term covering patients as a whole should contain interstitial cystitis, since interstitial cystitis is historically a well‐known name and used for insurance reimbursement. The proposed taxonomy features an umbrella term (interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome) and two subgroups, Hunner type interstitial cystitis (with Hunner lesions) and bladder pain syndrome (without Hunner lesions). Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome is convenient for initial management, and subgroups can categorize the patients for specific management. The characteristic symptom profile is to be collectively termed as hypersensitive bladder symptoms.
Minimally invasive device for intravesical instillation by urological syringe adapter (MID‐ii U.S.A.) for catheter‐free instillation therapy of the bladder in interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome
Authors: Lovasz Sandor 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveThe intravesical instillation of bladder cocktails via catheter is a widely spread, most effective way of treatment of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome. This disease often affects the urethra too, causing tenderness and pain. Therefore, catheterization causing superficial mucosal lesions triggers strong and long‐lasting pain, sometimes bleeding, and a higher risk of infection.MethodsWe invented an adapter fitting on both Luer‐lock and Luer‐slip syringes allowing the injection of “bladder cocktails” into the bladder through the urethra in a retrograde way; the injected fluid opens the bladder sphincter. Its radiused tip and the specially shaped flexible isolating collar allow us to perform drop‐free instillation without catheterization.In the last 2 years, clinical evaluations were conducted in 270 interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome patients (243 female, 27 male), altogether totalling 1520 instillations.ResultsIn 5 of 243 female patients (2%) using the syringe adapter was unsuccessful due to the deep located urethral orifice or cicatricose vaginal opening. This made visualization of the urethral orifice impossible (success rate: 98%). All the 27 male patients (100%) could be treated without any difficulties. No infection due to the instillation was observed.All treatable patients preferred the catheter‐free method to conventional catheterization. They did not report any pain, long‐lasting burning sensation or any other complications.ConclusionsThe new non‐invasive instillation method prevents superficial lesions of the urethra and treats urethral and bladder mucosa simultaneously. It reduces pain and the complication rate compared to conventional catheterization and at the same time reduces time, costs and inconvenience of bladder instillation.
Temper outbursts in Lowe syndrome: Characteristics, sequence, environmental context and comparison to Prader–Willi syndrome
Authors: Cressey Helen , Oliver Chris , Crawford Hayley , Waite Jane 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited research into the nature and aetiology of temper outbursts in people with intellectual disabilities. In this study, we describe the phenomenology and environmental context of temper outbursts in Lowe syndrome, a rare genetic syndrome in which outbursts are purportedly frequent.MethodA temper outburst interview (TOI) was conducted with caregivers of seventeen individuals with Lowe syndrome to generate an account of the behavioural sequence, common antecedents and consequences of temper outbursts, and to enable comparisons with similar work on Prader–Willi syndrome.ResultsOutbursts in Lowe syndrome were frequently triggered by thwarted goal‐directed behaviour and were associated with high levels of physical aggression and property destruction.ConclusionsForm and sequence of outbursts showed similarities to Prader–Willi syndrome and to behaviours reported in literature on typically developing children. The results highlight the importance of considering shared aetiology as well as syndrome‐specific pathways in the development of outbursts.
Alisol A attenuates high‐fat‐diet‐induced obesity and metabolic disorders via the AMPK/ACC/SREBP‐1c pathway
Authors: Ho Chiakang , Gao Ya , Zheng Danning , Liu Yanjun , Shan Shengzhou , Fang Bin , Zhao Yixuan , Song Dingzhong , Zhang Yifan , Li Qingfeng 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObesity and its associated metabolic disorders such as diabetes, hepatic steatosis and chronic heart diseases are affecting billions of individuals. However there is no satisfactory drug to treat such diseases. In this study, we found that alisol A, a major active triterpene isolated from the Chinese traditional medicine Rhizoma Alismatis, could significantly attenuate high‐fat‐diet‐induced obesity. Our biochemical detection demonstrated that alisol A remarkably decreased lipid levels, alleviated glucose metabolism disorders and insulin resistance in high‐fat‐diet‐induced obese mice. We also found that alisol A reduced hepatic steatosis and improved liver function in the obese mice model.In addition, protein expression investigation revealed that alisol A had an active effect on AMPK/ACC/SREBP‐1c pathway. As suggested by the molecular docking study, such bioactivity of alisol A may result from its selective binding to the catalytic region of AMPK.Therefore, we believe that Alisol A could serve as a promising agent for treatment of obesity and its related metabolic diseases.
Loss of cell polarity regulated by PTEN/Cdc42 enrolled in the process of Hepatopulmonary Syndrome
Authors: Gao Jing , Yu Hongfu , Bai Xuehong , Liu Chang , Chen Lin , Belguise Karine , Wang Xiaobo , Lu Kaizhi , Hu Zhiyong , Yi Bin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOne central factor in hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) pathogenesis is pulmonary vascular remodelling (PVR) which involves dysregulation of proliferation and migration in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs). Growing evidence suggests that Apical/basolateral polarity plays an important role in cell proliferation, migration, adhesion and differentiation. In this study, we explored whether cell polarity is involved and critical in experimental HPS rats that are induced by common bile duct ligation (CBDL). Cell polarity related proteins were analysed in CBDL rats lung and PMVECs under the HPS serum stimulation by immunofluorescence assay. Cdc42/PTEN activity, cell proliferation and migration and Annexin A2 (AX2) in PMVECs were determined, respectively. Cell polarity related proteins, lost their specialized luminal localization in PMVECs of the CBDL rat. The loss of cell polarity was induced by abnormal activity of Cdc42, which was strongly enhanced by the interaction between p‐PTEN and Annexin A2 in PMVECs, after treatment with serum from CBDL rats. It led to over‐proliferation and high migration ability of PMVECs. Down‐regulation of PTEN‐Cdc42 activity in PMVECs restored cell polarity and thus reduced their ability of migration and proliferation. Our study suggested that the loss of cell polarity plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of HPS‐associated PVR and may become a potentially effective therapeutic target.
Towards an Antifederalist Theory of the EU: Democratic Federal Lessons for the European Union
Authors: Jörke Dirk , Sonnicksen Jared 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSeveral recent crises and the increasing populism and Euroscepticism across member states have intensified debates on the nature of the EU. While researchers have looked to US federal experience and theory, a bias remains towards the federalism of theFederalistsand ‘Madisonian' lessons for the EU. In contrast, we argue that the federalism of the Antifederalists provides an alternative, more appropriate frame for assessing the EU's federal challenges. First, we revisited their political thought on democratic federalism and their opposition to the US Constitution. We derived three basic lines of federal‐democratic critique of the power of elites, and losses to state sovereignty and to democracy and popular control. Subsequently, we transferred them to the EU to analyse the corresponding challenges. Finally, we drew Antifederalist lessons for the EU. They may inform not only research on multilevel governments but also the search for a balance between governance, integration and popular rule in a compound polity.