bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AE-Beitrag: Megaimplantate am proximalen Femur: aktuelle Evidenz, Systemunterschiede und Portfolioempfehlung
Authors: Prodinger Peter , Harrasser Norbert , Scheele Christian , Knebel Carolin , Hertel Gernot , Suren Christian , von Eisenhart-Rothe Rüdiger 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungNeben der herausragenden Stellung im Bereich der Tumororthopädie erlangen Megaprothesen zunehmend Bedeutung für die Revisionsendoprothetik. Trotz der breiten Anwendung bleiben die berichteten Komplikations- und Versagensraten jedoch hoch. Die Analyse der Versagensursachen lässt grob eine Unterteilung in mechanische und nicht mechanische Versagensursachen zu, unter diesen nimmt einerseits das Weichteilversagen (Funktionsverlust) und die Lockerung, andererseits der Infekt eine herausragende Bedeutung ein. Dabei kann jedem Versagenstyp ein spezifisches Prothesenbauteil zugeordnet werden. Die technisch korrekt durchgeführte Operation vorausgesetzt, ist für das Weichteilversagen die muskuläre Anbindung an die Prothese, für die Lockerung die Verankerungstechnik über den Stem und für den Infekt die Oberflächenbeschaffenheit bzw. ggf. die Beschichtung der Prothese entscheidend. Bis heute haben sich einige vollwertige Systeme für den Ersatz des proximalen Femurs auf dem Markt etabliert, deren klinische Resultate in etwa vergleichbar sind. Im Detail sind deutliche Unterschiede hinsichtlich Verankerungstechniken, Modularität bzw. Modulverbindungen und Weichteilanbindung erkennbar, die spezifische Vor- und Nachteile mit sich bringen. In jedem Fall belegen die hohen Versagensraten ein großes Potenzial für zukünftige Entwicklungen. Innovative Verbesserungsvorschläge für jedes Bauteil sind durch Quervernetzungen zu bereits funktionierenden Systemen gut möglich. Zusammen mit neuen Erkenntnissen der Grundlagenforschung sollte es bei zukünftigen Systemen möglich sein, den Anteil der Prothesenversager deutlich zu reduzieren.
Acute Tocolysis – a Critical Analysis of Evidence-Based Data
Authors: Rath Werner , Kehl Sven 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTocolysis is among the most common obstetric measures. The objective is to prolong the pregnancy by at least 48 hours to complete foetal lung maturation and for the in-utero transfer of the pregnant woman to a perinatal centre. The indication for tocolysis is regular, premature contractions (≥ 4/20 min) and a dynamic shortening of the cervical length/cervical opening between 22 + 0 to 33 + 6 weeks of pregnancy. In this connection, the cervical length measured on ultrasound and the determination of biomarkers in the cervicovaginal secretions can be important decision-making aids. Beta sympathomimetics should no longer be used due to the high rate of severe maternal adverse effects. Given controversial data, magnesium sulphate is no longer recommended for tocolysis in current guidelines. Atosiban is as effective for prolonging pregnancy as beta sympathomimetics and nifedipine, has the lowest rate of maternal adverse effects, but also the highest drug costs. Nifedipine and indomethacin are recommended in international guidelines for acute tocolysis, however there are indications of increased neonatal morbidity following indomethacin. Current problems are, above all, the lack of randomised, controlled comparative and placebo-controlled studies, the data which are controversial to some extent, and the insufficient evidence of tocolytics to significantly improve the neonatal outcome.
Association between Dietary Glycemic Index and Excess Weight in Pregnant Women in the First Trimester of Pregnancy
Authors: Ellery Thais Helena de Pontes , Sampaio Helena Alves de Carvalho , Carioca Antônio Augusto Ferreira , Silva Bruna Yhang da Costa , Alves Júlio Augusto Gurgel , Da Silva Costa Fabrício , Araujo Júnior Edward , Melo Maria Luísa Pereira de 
Published: December 2018

Objective To assess the association between dietary glycemic index (GI) and excess weight in pregnant women in the first trimester of pregnancy.
Methods A cross-sectional study in a sample of 217 pregnant women was conducted at the maternal-fetal outpatient clinic of the Hospital Geral de Fortaleza, Fortaleza, state of Ceará, Brazil, for routine ultrasound examinations in the period between 11 and 13 weeks + 6 days of gestation. Weight and height were measured and the gestational body mass index (BMI) was calculated. The women were questioned about their usual body weight prior to the gestation, considering the prepregnancy weight. The dietary GI and the glycemic load (GL) of their diets were calculated and split into tertiles. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) or Kruskal-Walls and chi-squared (χ2) statistical tests were employed. A crude logistic regression model and a model adjusted for confounding variables known to influence biological outcomes were constructed. A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant for all tests employed.
Results The sample group presented a high percentage of prepregnancy and gestational overweight (39.7% and 40.1%, respectively). In the tertile with the higher GI value, there was a lower dietary intake of total fibers (p = 0.005) and of soluble fibers (p = 0.008). In the third tertile, the dietary GI was associated with overweight in pregnant women in the first trimester of gestation, both in the crude model and in the model adjusted for age, total energy intake, and saturated fatty acids. However, this association was not observed in relation to the GL.
Conclusion A high dietary GI was associated with excess weight in women in the first trimester of pregnancy.
Professional Practice and Neurosurgery: What Every Neurosurgeon Should Know about Malpractice
Authors: Becerra Romero Alicia 
Published: December 2018

Introduction The objective of the present study was to review the epidemiological aspects of malpractice in neurosurgery and to identify preventive measures regarding malpractice for neurosurgeons.
Methods The following terms (alone or in combination) were searched in the PubMed and Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde databases: neurosurgery (neurocirurgia), lawsuits (ações judiciais), malpractice (erro médico), and litigation (litígio) and identifying studies on these topics published from 2000 to April 2018.
Literature Review In Brazil, 6.9% of the physicians are sued per year. The most common type of malpractice alleged in litigation is negligence. According to the literature, the neurosurgical disease that has sparked the most litigation is spinal disease. The outcomes of these cases vary: sometimes the neurosurgeon prevails, and at other times the plaintiff prevails. To prevent or reduce malpractice claims, the neurosurgeon should take the following precautions: 1. follow medical protocols; 2. perform surgeries in an environment consistent with good medical practice; 3. evaluate and monitor antibiotic prophylaxis; 4. develop a good relationship with the patient based on ethics, good faith and transparency; 5. request the presence of the patient and of his or her family when there is a problem in order to didactically explain the case; 6. keep good medical records to document all of the actions performed (informed consent and description of the surgery and of the pre and postoperative); 7. always seek technical improvement (continuing education/professional development); 8. in the case of attending physicians, monitor patients, treating any postoperative complications; and 9. conduct multidisciplinary team meetings to optimize treatment decisions and to share responsibility for making difficult decisions.
Ventral striatum’s role in learning from gains and losses
Authors: Taswell Craig A. , Costa Vincent D. , Murray Elisabeth A. , Averbeck Bruno B. 
Published: December 2018

Significance
A broad set of neural circuits, including the amygdala and frontal-striatal systems, has been implicated in mediating learning from gains and losses. The ventral striatum (VS) has been implicated in several aspects of this process. Here, we examined the specific contribution of the VS to learning from gains vs. losses. We found that the VS plays a role in learning to choose between two options that vary in gains but plays no role in learning to choose between two options when one or both is associated with a loss. Computational modeling supported this by showing that animals with VS lesions specifically learned slowly when choosing between gains but not losses.
Inflorescence and fruit development and yield.
Authors: Bartholomew D. P. , Sanewski G. M. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

The reproductive phase of pineapple begins in response to natural or growth-regulator forced induction of reproductive development. Because the inflorescence of pineapple is terminal, when reproductive development begins, formation of new leaves ceases. Once induced or forced, inflorescence and fruit development continues without interruption until the fruit matures. This chapter describes pineapple inflorescence and fruit morphology as well as growth and ripening. Factors affecting induction and inflorescence development are explained, which include cultivar sensitiviy, photoperiod, solar radiation and assorted stresses such as temperature, nutrients primarily nitrogen, and water availability. The forced induction of flowering and the prevention of natural flowering are also discussed, as well as the molecular biology of flowering. In addition, the prediction of fruit development and yield, and the factors influencing fruit quality at harvest are discussed.
Effect of Salvia Miltiorrhiza Injection in Patients With Autologous Fat Grafting to the Breast: A Preliminary Comparative Study
Authors: Zheng Danning , Li Maoqun , Zhou Jia , Wang Jian , Bian Weiwei , Yoshimura Kotaro , Yu Li 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background
Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) is an herb used in Chinese medicine formulations for promoting blood circulation and minimizing vascular stasis. It has been successfully utilized in treating cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, thromboembolism, and angina.

Objectives
The authors sought to study the effect of SM injections in autologous fat grafting to the breast.

Methods
Fifteen women who elected to undergo breast augmentation with autologous fat grafting were included in this study. Of these, 10 were given intravenous infusions of SM for 4 weeks perioperatively, and the remaining 5 did not receive herbal infusion. The increase in breast volume after fat grafting was measured in both the groups using a three-dimensional scanner. Breast tissue specimens were harvested just before the second fat injection procedure and were analyzed by the immunofluorescence staining test.

Results
All of the patients showed improvement in breast volume after fat grafting. The fat graft retention rate in the SM group was 60.06 ± 16.12%, whereas that in the non-SM group was 34.04 ± 11.15%. In addition, the SMG showed good breast morphology and absence of cyst formation.

Conclusions
SM has the potential to increase the retention rate of fat grafts in breast augmentation.

Level of Evidence: 3
On what to permute in test-based approaches for variable importance measures in Random Forests
Authors: Nembrini Stefano 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMotivationIn bioinformatics applications, it is currently customary to permute the outcome variable in order to produce inference on covariates to test novel methods or statistics whose distributions are poorly known. The seminal publication of Altmann et al. in Bioinformatics uses the same permutation scheme to obtain P-values that can be treated as corrected measure of feature importance to rectify the bias of the Gini variable importance in Random Forests. Since then, such method has been used in applied work to also draw statistical conclusions on variable importance measures from resulting P-values.ResultsIn this paper, we show that permuting the outcome may produce unexpected results, including P-values with undesirable properties and illustrate how more refined permutation schemes can be appropriate to obtain desirable results, including high power in discovering relevant variables.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Power: a Marxist view
Authors: Palermo Giulio 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Lukes’ Power: A Radical View is a milestone in the debate on power. First, it criticises the narrow conceptions of political sociology, which reduces power to merely interpersonal relations. Second, it suggests an enlarged ontology of power capable of dealing with social coercion and collective action. Lukes, however, seeks the causes of power in politics and society by abstracting from the economic sphere. This detaches power from exploitation and confuses the essential with the only contingent forms of power of capitalism. The economics debate is predicated on this error because mainstream economics rules out the exploitative nature of capitalist production and introduces power later only as a residual category, which might develop only out of competition. The result is a mystified conception in which social coercion is no longer visible and competition appears as power-free. My ‘Marxist view’ on power is founded on a simple idea: exploitation in the economy imposes particular forms of power and coercion in society. Therefore, in the same way as the capitalist mode of production is essentially based on exploitation so it is also based on power and coercion. The economy is not merely one of the many possible sources of power, but the sphere in which the essential forms of capitalist power are generated. Competition is not the antithesis of power but the vehicle through which exploitation imposes the essential power relations of capitalism.
FUNDC2 regulates platelet activation through AKT/GSK-3β/cGMP axis
Authors: Ma Qi , Zhang Weilin , Zhu Chongzhuo , Liu Junling , Chen Quan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimsAKT kinase is vital for regulating signal transduction in platelet aggregation. We previously found that mitochondrial protein FUNDC2 mediates phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3)-dependent AKT phosphorylation and regulates platelet apoptosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of FUNDC2 in platelet activation and aggregation.Methods and resultsWe demonstrated that FUNDC2 deficiency diminished platelet aggregation in response to a variety of agonists, including adenosine 5′-diphosphate (ADP), collagen, ristocetin/VWF, and thrombin. Consistently, in vivo assays of tail bleeding and thrombus formation showed that FUNDC2-knockout mice displayed deficiency in haemostasis and thrombosis. Mechanistically, FUNDC2 deficiency impairs the phosphorylation of AKT and downstream GSK-3β in a PI3K-dependent manner. Moreover, cGMP also plays an important role in FUNDC2/AKT-mediated platelet activation. This FUNDC2/AKT/GSK-3β/cGMP axis also regulates clot retraction of platelet-rich plasma.ConclusionFUNDC2 positively regulates platelet functions via AKT/GSK-3β/cGMP signalling pathways, which provides new insight for platelet-related diseases.
The Body as (Another) Place: Producing Embodied Heterotopias Through Tattooing
Authors: Roux Dominique , Belk Russell 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWhile previous research has mobilized sociological and psychological readings of the body, this study considers it ontologically as the ultimate place we must live in, with no escape possible. A phenomenological framework and a four-year, multimethod, qualitative study of tattoo recipients and tattooists substantiates the conceptualization of the body as a threefold articulation: an inescapable place (topia), the source of utopias arising from fleeting trajectories between here and elsewhere, and the “embodied heterotopia” that it becomes when people rework their bodies as a better place to inhabit. We show how tattooed bodies are spatially conceived as a topia through their topographies, territories, landscapes, and limits. We then highlight how this creates a dynamic interplay between past, present, and future, resulting in utopian dreams of beautification, escape, conjuration, and immutability. Finally, we show how tattooees produce embodied heterotopias, namely other places that both mirror and compensate for their ontological entrapment. In considering the body as a place, our framework enriches phenomenological and existential approaches to self-transformation in contemporary consumption.
Equity Premium Forecasts with an Unknown Number of Structural Breaks
Authors: Smith Simon C , Bulkley George , Leslie David S 
Published: December 2018

AbstractEstimation of models with structural breaks usually assumes a pre-specified number of breaks. Previous models which do allow an endogenously determined number of breaks require a simple structural model, and rarely allow for information transfer across the break. We introduce a methodology that allows the number of breaks to be determined endogenously and including an economically motivated model of transition regimes between each break. We demonstrate the usefulness of our approach for forecasts of the equity premium. We find the demonstrated success of the historical average can be improved upon by an economic model with theory informed priors estimated using our methodology.
Using Changes in Weight-for-Age z Score to Predict Effectiveness of Childhood Tuberculosis Therapy
Authors: Chiang Silvia S , Park Sangshin , White Emily I , Friedman Jennifer F , Cruz Andrea T , Del Castillo Hernán , Lecca Leonid , Becerra Mercedes C , Seddon James A 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background
International guidelines recommend monitoring weight as an indicator of therapeutic response in childhood tuberculosis (TB) disease. This recommendation is based on observations in adults. In the current study, we evaluated the association between weight change and treatment outcome, the accuracy of using weight change to predict regimen efficacy, and whether successfully treated children achieve catch-up weight gain.

Methods
We enrolled children treated for drug-susceptible TB disease (group 1) and multidrug-resistant TB disease (group 2) in Peru. We calculated the change in weight-for-age z score (ΔWAZ) between baseline and the end of treatment months 2–5 for group 1, and between baseline and months 2–8 for group 2. We used logistic regression and generalized estimating equation models to evaluate the relationship between ΔWAZ and outcome. We plotted receiver operating characteristic curves to determine the accuracy of ΔWAZ for predicting treatment failure or death.

Results
Groups 1 and 2 included 100 and 94 children, respectively. In logistic regression, lower ΔWAZ in months 3–5 and month 7 was associated with treatment failure or death in groups 1 and 2, respectively. In generalized estimating equation models, children in both groups who experienced treatment failure or death had lower ΔWAZ than successfully treated children. The ΔWAZ predicted treatment failure or death with 60%–90% sensitivity and 60%–86% specificity in months 2–5 for group 1 and months 7–8 for group 2. All successfully treated children—except group 2 participants with unknown microbiologic confirmation status—achieved catch-up weight gain.

Conclusions
Weight change early in therapy can predict the outcome of childhood TB treatment.
Probing the Cyclotron line characteristics of 4U 1538–522 using AstroSat-LAXPC
Authors: Varun  , Maitra Chandreyee , Pradhan Pragati , Raichur Harsha , Paul Biswajit 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
We report the first report on cyclotron line studies with the LAXPC instrument onboard AstroSat of the high-mass X-ray binary pulsar 4U 1538–52. During the observation of source that spanned about 1 d with a net exposure of 50 ks, the source X-ray flux remained constant. Pulse profile is double peaked in low-energy range and has a single peak in high-energy range, the transition taking place around the cyclotron line energy of the source. Cyclotron scattering feature (CRSF) is detected at ∼22 keV with a very high significance in phase-averaged spectrum. It is one of the highest signal to noise ratio detections of CRSF for this source. We performed detailed pulse-phase-resolved spectral analysis with 10 independent phase bins. We report the results of pulse-phase-resolved spectroscopy of the continuum and CRSF parameters. The cyclotron line parameters show pulse phase dependence over the entire phase with a CRSF energy variation of ${\sim }13{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$, which is in agreement with previous studies. We also confirm the increase in the centroid energy of the CRSF observed between the 1996–2004 (RXTE) and the 2012 (Suzaku) observations, reinforcing that the increase was a long-term change.
Uromodulin (Tamm–Horsfall protein): guardian of urinary and systemic homeostasis
Authors: Micanovic Radmila , LaFavers Kaice , Garimella Pranav S , Wu Xue-Ru , El-Achkar Tarek M 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Biology has taught us that a protein as abundantly made and conserved among species as Tamm–Horsfall protein (THP or uromodulin) cannot just be a waste product serving no particular purpose. However, for many researchers, THP is merely a nuisance during urine proteome profiling or exosome purification and for clinicians an enigmatic entity without clear disease implications. Thanks to recent human genetic and correlative studies and animal modeling, we now have a renewed appreciation of this highly prevalent protein in not only guarding urinary homeostasis, but also serving as a critical mediator in systemic inter-organ signaling. Beyond a mere barrier that lines the tubules, or a surrogate for nephron mass, mounting evidence suggests that THP is a multifunctional protein critical for modulating renal ion channel activity, salt/water balance, renal and systemic inflammatory response, intertubular communication, mineral crystallization and bacterial adhesion. Indeed, mutations in THP cause a group of inherited kidney diseases, and altered THP expression is associated with increased risks of urinary tract infection, kidney stone, hypertension, hyperuricemia and acute and chronic kidney diseases. Despite the recent surge of information surrounding THP’s physiological functions and disease involvement, our knowledge remains incomplete regarding how THP is normally regulated by external and intrinsic factors, how precisely THP deficiency leads to urinary and systemic pathophysiology and in what clinical settings THP can be used as a theranostic biomarker and a target for modulation to improve patient outcomes.
Recurrent Relatively Resistant Salmonella infantis Infection in 2 Immunocompromised Hosts Cleared With Prolonged Antibiotics and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
Authors: Torres Soto Mariam , Hammond Sarah , Elshaboury Ramy H , Johnson Jacob , Hohmann Elizabeth L 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Two immunocompromised patients with relapsing gastrointestinal infection with relatively resistant Salmonella infantis were cured with prolonged ertapenem followed by encapsulated fecal transplant.