bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetospheric Multiscale Observation of Quasiperiodic EMIC Waves Associated With Enhanced Solar Wind Pressure
Authors: Liu Si , Xia Zhiyang , Chen Lunjin , Liu Yang , Liao Zedong , Zhu Hui 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe present a Magnetospheric Multiscale mission observation of quasiperiodic electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) variations on 24 December 2015 corresponding to magnetic field depressions as well as proton pitch angle anisotropy enhancements. Proton dynamic pressure obtained by WIND indicates that the solar wind was periodically compressing the magnetosphere with a period ∼7.5 min, which is consistent with the EMIC modulation period observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale. Numerical calculations demonstrate that the EMIC modulation period is comparable with the magnetic field line resonance period, suggesting that quasiperiodic solar wind enhancement compressing the magnetosphere and propagating as the fast mode can lead to the magnetic field line oscillation and hence the presence of quasiperiodic magnetic compressions and discrete proton anisotropy elements, which provides optimal conditions for modulating the EMIC instability. Current results provide a complete chain of self‐consistent observational evidences to illustrate the process connecting solar wind variations to EMIC wave amplitude modulation in the magnetosphere.
Rapid Intensification of Tropical Cyclones Observed by AMSU Satellites
Authors: Lin Jialin , Qian Taotao 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study examines the vertical structures of temperature and convection associated with rapid intensification of tropical cyclones using collocated Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) and HURSAT‐B1 satellite observations for 2003–2015. We used AMSU measurements from six satellites: AQUA, MetOp, NOAA‐15, NOAA‐16, NOAA‐17, and NOAA‐18. Eighteen thousand three hundred sixty nine collocated satellite overpasses of tropical cyclones were obtained. Vertical structures of temperature and convection are analyzed for different categories of tropical cyclone intensity, for the composite lifecycles of tropical cyclones in different ocean basins, and for the rapid intensification events. Tropical cyclones reaching hurricane intensity are generally associated with warm core above eyewall cloud top extending into the stratosphere, suggesting the existence of warm stratospheric downdrafts penetrating into the central eye. Rapid intensification of tropical cyclones are generally associated with strong warming rate above eyewall cloud top that extends into the stratosphere, suggesting that stratospheric downdrafts are involved in rapid intensification of tropical cyclones.
Long Period Seismicity at Mammoth Mountain, California
Authors: Dawson Phillip , Chouet Bernard 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLong period (LP) seismicity is a ubiquitous feature at Mammoth Mountain, California. Phase‐based locations exhibit source depths ranging from ∼8 to 25 km. Between September 2011 and October 2013, over 200 LP events were added to the Northern California Earthquake Data Center catalog. Three typical LP events were used as master events, and continuous waveform correlation was performed over the 2‐year period, with the results indicating that thousands of LP events were present in the continuous seismic data. Using phase‐weighted stacking, representative network stacks for the three events were produced. Full waveform inversion of the representative events using Green functions that adequately represent the topography of Mammoth Mountain and the high‐resolution velocity structure produced through local earthquake tomography suggest that all three event types are located within ∼100 m of the surface in the vicinity of the Chair 12 tree kill and CO2emission area and within ∼1 km of the Mammoth Mountain Ski Area base lodge. The source mechanisms are purely volumetric and can be attributed to a subhorizontal hydrothermal crack excited into acoustic resonance by the rapid discharge of CO2gases trapped in the crack. An accompanying vertical force that is opposite in phase to the volume change in the crack can be attributed to pressure and momentum changes in an adjacent fluid‐filled conduit linking the crack to the surface. The implication of this work is that LP seismicity at Mammoth Mountain occurs almost continuously and in direct contradiction to the traditional view—at very shallow depths.
The Effects of a 1998 Observing System Change on MERRA‐2‐Based Ozone Profile Simulations
Authors: Stauffer Ryan M. , Thompson Anne M. , Oman Luke D. , Strahan Susan E. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractModel simulations of ozone (O3) driven by meteorological reanalyses are useful for filling observational gaps and interpreting observed O3 variability and trends. However, the transport circulation of reanalysis products is impacted by changes to the observing system (the data assimilated into the reanalyses). We examine the impacts of these changes on simulated O3 from two models, Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) Chemistry Transport Model (GMI CTM) and Modern‐Era Retrospective Analysis for Research Applications version 2 (MERRA‐2) GMI Replay (M2 GMI Replay) simulation, using observations from global ozonesondes (>50,000 profiles) and satellites from 1980 to 2016. Both models are constrained by meteorology from the NASA MERRA‐2 reanalysis, and both use versions of NASA's GMI chemical mechanism. We focus on an observing system change affecting simulated O3 after 1998, associated with the assimilation of temperature and humidity data from new microwave profiling satellites. A large post‐1998 O3 increase, mainly confined to 15–20‐km altitude, of ~10 Dobson units (DU) in midlatitudes occurs in the GMI CTM, worsening the bias compared to observations. In contrast, an increase in M2 GMI Replay simulation O3 of ~10 DU is observed only near −60° latitude, reducing the bias compared to observations. The GMI CTM O3 high biases display a Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation (QBO)‐like periodicity that result from excessive transport from the tropical stratosphere to the midlatitude lower stratosphere during the QBO westerly phase. We quantify O3 discontinuities caused by MERRA‐2 observing system changes and demonstrate how the MERRA‐2 Global Modeling Initiative Replay simulation dampens the effects of these changes and QBO‐driven artifacts on simulated lower stratospheric and total O3. We caution against using simulations driven by a reanalysis to derive multidecadal O3 trends, especially prior to 1998.
Wet Scavenging in WRF‐Chem Simulations of Parameterized Convection for a Severe Storm During the DC3 Field Campaign
Authors: Li Y. , Pickering K. E. , Barth M. C. , Bela M. M. , Cummings K. A. , Allen D. J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDeep convection can transport surface moisture and pollution from the planetary boundary layer to the upper troposphere (UT) within a few minutes. The convective transport of precursors of both ozone and aerosols from the planetary boundary layer affects the concentrations of these constituents in the UT and can influence the Earth's radiation budget and climate. Some precursors of both ozone and aerosols are soluble and reactive in the aqueous phase. This study uses the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF‐Chem) to simulate the wet scavenging of precursors of both ozone and aerosols including CH2O, CH3OOH, H2O2, and SO2 in a supercell system observed on 29 May 2012, during the 2012 Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry (DC3) field campaign at cloud‐parameterized resolution. The default WRF‐Chem simulations underestimate the mixing ratios of soluble ozone precursors in the UT because the dissolved soluble trace gases are not released when the droplets freeze. In order to improve the model simulation of cloud‐parameterized wet scavenging, we added ice retention factors for various species to the cloud‐parameterized wet scavenging module and adjusted the conversion rate of cloud water to rainwater at temperatures below freezing in the cloud parameterization as well as in the subgrid‐scale wet‐scavenging calculation. The introduction of these model modifications greatly improved the model simulation of less soluble species.
Release of Perfluoroalkyl Substances From Melting Glacier of the Tibetan Plateau: Insights Into the Impact of Global Warming on the Cycling of Emerging Pollutants
Authors: Chen Mengke , Wang Chuanfei , Wang Xiaoping , Fu Jianjie , Gong Ping , Yan Juping , Yu Zhengliang , Yan Fangping , Nawab Javed 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe Tibetan Plateau (TP) has encountered rapid warming, with more than 50% of lakes expanding and 80% of glaciers retreating. Melting glaciers are known as a secondary source of pollutants, but the dynamics and release features of water‐soluble emerging chemicals have not been studied in the TP. Glacial ice and snow, meltwater runoff, rain, and lake water were collected in Nam Co basin, in the central TP. The total concentrations of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) were 1,413 pg/L for glacial ice, followed by 1,277 pg/L for meltwater runoff, 980 pg/L for lake water, and 616 pg/L for rain. Perfluorobutanoic acid is dominant in runoff and glacial ice, while lake water contained high proportions of perfluorobutane sulfonate and perfluorooctane sulfonate. During the melting season, meltwater runoff generally had greater PFAAs concentrations, and the PFAAs release fluxes were strongly related to the glacial melt intensity. Due to the direct input of PFAAs by melted glaciers, south shore of Lake Nam Co contained higher PFAAs concentrations. The estimated input fluxes of PFAAs to the lake by rain and glacial and nonglacial runoff were 1,425, 1,342, and 2,192 mg/day, respectively. Taken together, these evidences suggest that melting glaciers are sources of PFAAs, while the lake is the receptor. Given the continuity of glacial melt and high concentrations of water‐soluble emerging pollutants in glacier, the melting process will increase the risks of emerging pollutants to freshwater sources and should be of great concern.
3.5KJPNv2: an allele frequency panel of 3552 Japanese individuals including the X chromosome
Authors: Tadaka Shu , Katsuoka Fumiki , Ueki Masao , Kojima Kaname , Makino Satoshi , Saito Sakae , Otsuki Akihito , Gocho Chinatsu , Sakurai-Yageta Mika , Danjoh Inaho , Motoike Ikuko N. , Yamaguchi-Kabata Yumi , Shirota Matsuyuki , Koshiba Seizo , Nagasaki Masao , Minegishi Naoko , Hozawa Atsushi , Kuriyama Shinichi , Shimizu Atsushi , Yasuda Jun , Fuse Nobuo ,   the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Study Group, Tamiya Gen , Yamamoto Masayuki , Kinoshita Kengo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe first step towards realizing personalized healthcare is to catalog the genetic variations in a population. Since the dissemination of individual-level genomic information is strictly controlled, it will be useful to construct population-level allele frequency panels with easy-to-use interfaces. In the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project, we sequenced nearly 4000 individuals from a Japanese population and constructed an allele frequency panel of 3552 individuals after removing related samples. The panel is called the 3.5KJPNv2. It was constructed by using a standard pipeline including the 1KGP and gnomAD algorithms to reduce technical biases and to allow comparisons to other populations. Our database is the first large-scale panel providing the frequencies of variants present on the X chromosome and on the mitochondria in the Japanese population. All the data are available on our original database at https://jmorp.megabank.tohoku.ac.jp.
How soap bubbles freeze
Authors: Ahmadi S. Farzad , Nath Saurabh , Kingett Christian M. , Yue Pengtao , Boreyko Jonathan B. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDroplets or puddles tend to freeze from the propagation of a single freeze front. In contrast, videographers have shown that as soap bubbles freeze, a plethora of growing ice crystals can swirl around in a beautiful effect visually reminiscent of a snow globe. However, the underlying physics of how bubbles freeze has not been studied. Here, we characterize the physics of soap bubbles freezing on an icy substrate and reveal two distinct modes of freezing. The first mode, occurring for isothermally supercooled bubbles, generates a strong Marangoni flow that entrains ice crystals to produce the aforementioned snow globe effect. The second mode occurs when using a cold stage in a warm ambient, resulting in a bottom-up freeze front that eventually halts due to poor conduction along the bubble. Blending experiments, scaling analysis, and numerical methods, the dynamics of the freeze fronts and Marangoni flows are characterized.
IAPP toxicity activates HIF1α/PFKFB3 signaling delaying β-cell loss at the expense of β-cell function
Authors: Montemurro Chiara , Nomoto Hiroshi , Pei Lina , Parekh Vishal S. , Vongbunyong Kenny E. , Vadrevu Suryakiran , Gurlo Tatyana , Butler Alexandra E. , Subramaniam Rohan , Ritou Eleni , Shirihai Orian S. , Satin Leslie S. , Butler Peter C. , Tudzarova Slavica 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe islet in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by amyloid deposits derived from islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), a protein co-expressed with insulin by β-cells. In common with amyloidogenic proteins implicated in neurodegeneration, human IAPP (hIAPP) forms membrane permeant toxic oligomers implicated in misfolded protein stress. Here, we establish that hIAPP misfolded protein stress activates HIF1α/PFKFB3 signaling, this increases glycolysis disengaged from oxidative phosphorylation with mitochondrial fragmentation and perinuclear clustering, considered a protective posture against increased cytosolic Ca2+ characteristic of toxic oligomer stress. In contrast to tissues with the capacity to regenerate, β-cells in adult humans are minimally replicative, and therefore fail to execute the second pro-regenerative phase of the HIF1α/PFKFB3 injury pathway. Instead, β-cells in T2D remain trapped in the pro-survival first phase of the HIF1α injury repair response with metabolism and the mitochondrial network adapted to slow the rate of cell attrition at the expense of β-cell function.
An ultrathin conformable vibration-responsive electronic skin for quantitative vocal recognition
Authors: Lee Siyoung , Kim Junsoo , Yun Inyeol , Bae Geun Yeol , Kim Daegun , Park Sangsik , Yi Il-Min , Moon Wonkyu , Chung Yoonyoung , Cho Kilwon 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFlexible and skin-attachable vibration sensors have been studied for use as wearable voice-recognition electronics. However, the development of vibration sensors to recognize the human voice accurately with a flat frequency response, a high sensitivity, and a flexible/conformable form factor has proved a major challenge. Here, we present an ultrathin, conformable, and vibration-responsive electronic skin that detects skin acceleration, which is highly and linearly correlated with voice pressure. This device consists of a crosslinked ultrathin polymer film and a hole-patterned diaphragm structure, and senses voices quantitatively with an outstanding sensitivity of 5.5 V Pa−1 over the voice frequency range. Moreover, this ultrathin device (<5 μm) exhibits superior skin conformity, which enables exact voice recognition because it eliminates vibrational distortion on rough and curved skin surfaces. Our device is suitable for several promising voice-recognition applications, such as security authentication, remote control systems and vocal healthcare.
β-Cardiac myosin hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mutations release sequestered heads and increase enzymatic activity
Authors: Adhikari Arjun S. , Trivedi Darshan V. , Sarkar Saswata S. , Song Dan , Kooiker Kristina B. , Bernstein Daniel , Spudich James A. , Ruppel Kathleen M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) affects 1 in 500 people and leads to hyper-contractility of the heart. Nearly 40 percent of HCM-causing mutations are found in human β-cardiac myosin. Previous studies looking at the effect of HCM mutations on the force, velocity and ATPase activity of the catalytic domain of human β-cardiac myosin have not shown clear trends leading to hypercontractility at the molecular scale. Here we present functional data showing that four separate HCM mutations located at the myosin head-tail (R249Q, H251N) and head-head (D382Y, R719W) interfaces of a folded-back sequestered state referred to as the interacting heads motif (IHM) lead to a significant increase in the number of heads functionally accessible for interaction with actin. These results provide evidence that HCM mutations can modulate myosin activity by disrupting intramolecular interactions within the proposed sequestered state, which could lead to hypercontractility at the molecular level.
Regulation of CAR T cell-mediated cytokine release syndrome-like toxicity using low molecular weight adapters
Authors: Lee Yong Gu , Chu Haiyan , Lu Yingjuan , Leamon Christopher P. , Srinivasarao Madduri , Putt Karson S. , Low Philip S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAlthough chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies have demonstrated considerable success in treating hematologic malignancies, they have simultaneously been plagued by a cytokine release syndrome (CRS) that can harm or even kill the cancer patient. We describe a CAR T cell strategy in which CAR T cell activation and cancer cell killing can be sensitively regulated by adjusting the dose of a low molecular weight adapter that must bridge between the CAR T cell and cancer cell to initiate tumor eradication. By controlling the concentration and dosing schedule of adapter administration, we document two methods that can rapidly terminate (<3 h) a pre-existing CRS-like toxicity and two unrelated methods that can pre-emptively prevent a CRS-like toxicity that would have otherwise occurred. Because all four methods concurrently enhance CAR T cell potency, we conclude that proper use of bispecific adapters could potentially avoid a life-threatening CRS while enhancing CAR T cell tumoricidal activity.
CAPRI enables comparison of evolutionarily conserved RNA interacting regions
Authors: Panhale Amol , Richter Florian M. , Ramírez Fidel , Shvedunova Maria , Manke Thomas , Mittler Gerhard , Akhtar Asifa 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRNA-protein complexes play essential regulatory roles at nearly all levels of gene expression. Using in vivo crosslinking and RNA capture, we report a comprehensive RNA-protein interactome in a metazoan at four levels of resolution: single amino acids, domains, proteins and multisubunit complexes. We devise CAPRI, a method to map RNA-binding domains (RBDs) by simultaneous identification of RNA interacting crosslinked peptides and peptides adjacent to such crosslinked sites. CAPRI identifies more than 3000 RNA proximal peptides in Drosophila and human proteins with more than 45% of them forming new interaction interfaces. The comparison of orthologous proteins enables the identification of evolutionary conserved RBDs in globular domains and intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs). By comparing the sequences of IDRs through evolution, we classify them based on the type of motif, accumulation of tandem repeats, conservation of amino acid composition and high sequence divergence.
Fast genetic mapping of complex traits in C. elegans using millions of individuals in bulk
Authors: Burga Alejandro , Ben-David Eyal , Lemus Vergara Tzitziki , Boocock James , Kruglyak Leonid 
Published: June 2019

AbstractGenetic studies of complex traits in animals have been hindered by the need to generate, maintain, and phenotype large panels of recombinant lines. We developed a new method, C. elegans eXtreme Quantitative Trait Locus (ceX-QTL) mapping, that overcomes this obstacle via bulk selection on millions of unique recombinant individuals. We use ceX-QTL to map a drug resistance locus with high resolution. We also map differences in gene expression in live worms and discovered that mutations in the co-chaperone sti-1 upregulate the transcription of HSP-90. Lastly, we use ceX-QTL to map loci that influence fitness genome-wide confirming previously reported causal variants and uncovering new fitness loci. ceX-QTL is fast, powerful and cost-effective, and will accelerate the study of complex traits in animals.
Intracavity optical trapping of microscopic particles in a ring-cavity fiber laser
Authors: Kalantarifard Fatemeh , Elahi Parviz , Makey Ghaith , Maragò Onofrio M. , Ilday F. Ömer , Volpe Giovanni 
Published: June 2019

AbstractStandard optical tweezers rely on optical forces arising when a focused laser beam interacts with a microscopic particle: scattering forces, pushing the particle along the beam direction, and gradient forces, attracting it towards the high-intensity focal spot. Importantly, the incoming laser beam is not affected by the particle position because the particle is outside the laser cavity. Here, we demonstrate that intracavity nonlinear feedback forces emerge when the particle is placed inside the optical cavity, resulting in orders-of-magnitude higher confinement along the three axes per unit laser intensity on the sample. This scheme allows trapping at very low numerical apertures and reduces the laser intensity to which the particle is exposed by two orders of magnitude compared to a standard 3D optical tweezers. These results are highly relevant for many applications requiring manipulation of samples that are subject to photodamage, such as in biophysics and nanosciences.
Aquifer systems extending far offshore on the U.S. Atlantic margin
Authors: Gustafson Chloe , Key Kerry , Evans Rob L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLow-salinity submarine groundwater contained within continental shelves is a global phenomenon. Mechanisms for emplacing offshore groundwater include glacial processes that drove water into exposed continental shelves during sea-level low stands and active connections to onshore hydrologic systems. While low-salinity groundwater is thought to be abundant, its distribution and volume worldwide is poorly understood due to the limited number of observations. Here we image laterally continuous aquifers extending 90 km offshore New Jersey and Martha’s Vineyard, Massachusetts, on the U.S. Atlantic margin using new shallow water electromagnetic geophysical methods. Our data provide more continuous constraints on offshore groundwater than previous models and present evidence for a connection between the modern onshore hydrologic system and offshore aquifers. We identify clinoforms as a previously unknown structural control on the lateral extent of low-salinity groundwater and potentially a control on where low-salinity water rises into the seafloor. Our data suggest a continuous submarine aquifer system spans at least 350 km of the U.S. Atlantic coast and contains about 2800 km3 of low-salinity groundwater. Our findings can be used to improve models of past glacial, eustatic, tectonic, and geomorphic processes on continental shelves and provide insight into shelf geochemistry, biogeochemical cycles, and the deep biosphere.