bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of liver abscess severity and quality grade on meat tenderness and sensory attributes in commercially finished beef cattle fed without tylosin phosphate1
Authors: McCoy E. J. , O'Quinn T. G. , Schwandt E. F. , Reinhardt C. D. , Thomson D. U. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Strip loin steaks (n = 119) were used to evaluate the association between liver abscess severity and USDA quality grade and meat tenderness and sensory attributes of steaks from finished feedlot cattle. Steaks were used in a 3 × 2 factorial treatment structure using a completely randomized design and were collected at a commercial abattoir located in northwest Texas. All cattle were sourced from a single feedlot and fed a common diet that did not include tylosin phosphate. Treatments were USDA quality grades of Select (SEL) and Low Choice (LC) and liver abscess scores of normal (NORM; healthy liver, no abscesses), mild (M; 1 abscess less than 2 cm in diameter to 4 abscesses less than 4 cm in diameter), and severe (SV; 1 abscess greater than 4 cm in diameter or greater than 4 small abscesses). All steak samples were collected on the same day, approximately 36-h post-mortem and were cut from the left side of the carcass at the 13th rib by a trained abattoir employee. Steaks were vacuum-packaged, and aged at 3 ± 1°C for 14-d post-mortem. Warner-Bratzler Shear Force (WBSF) and Slice Shear Force (SSF) analyses were conducted and cook-loss percentage was measured. A trained sensory panel analyzed samples for juiciness, tenderness, and flavor attributes. There were no differences among liver abscess scores for WBSF or SSF (P &gt; 0.52). Warner-Bratzler Shear Force was lower for LC-SV than SEL-SV (P = 0.04). Sensory attributes of initial and sustained juiciness, and overall tenderness were all greater for LC than for SEL steaks (P &lt; 0.04) and connective tissue amount was less for LC steaks when compared to SEL (P = 0.03). Liver abscess score had no effect on any sensory attributes (P &gt; 0.70); however, there was an interaction between quality grade and liver score for myofibillar tenderness (P = 0.03). Within LC steaks, liver abscess score had no effect on myofibrillar tenderness (P &gt; 0.05), however, in SEL steaks, M steaks were more tender than SV steaks (P &lt; 0.03). These results indicate that within quality grades, meat tenderness or sensory attributes were not influenced by liver abscess score but that mild liver abscesses may affect the myofibrillar tenderness of SEL steaks.
Feeding a calf starter containing highly digestible corn may improve calf growth1
Authors: Casper David P. , Srivastava Shruti , Strayer Brittney 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
New corn hybrids have been developed by Masters Choice (MC) that vary in energy density due to an altered starch structure that improves ruminal and intestinal starch digestibility. Twenty-nine (1 to 3 d old; 40.6 ± 1.72 kg) Holstein heifer and 2 Holstein bull calves (31 total) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 calf starters (CS) to measure growth performance of Holstein calves through 8 wk of age. Treatments were: 1) Control CS (CN): containing 40% conventional ground corn dry matter (DM) basis and 2) MC CS: containing 40% MC corn (DM basis). Calf starters were formulated to contain 24% crude protein (CP; DM basis) and were fed for ad libitum consumption as a pellet starting on d 1. The study was conducted from April 22 through August 1, 2013. Body weights and body measurements were collected weekly. All calves were fed a 28% CP, 18% fat accelerated milk replacer (all milk protein) twice daily in 2 equal feedings at the rate of 0.64 kg/d from 0 to 14 d, 0.96 kg/d from 15 to 42 d and fed once daily at 0.48 kg/d from d 42 to 49. Data were analyzed using mixed procedure of SAS version 9.4. Body weight gains (26.2 and 28.8 kg for CN and MC, respectively) were similar (P &gt; 0.10) between treatments. No significant (P &gt; 0.10) differences in frame growth parameters as measured by change in body length (8.1 and 7.8 cm), heart girth (12.1 and 12.9 cm), hip height (10.9 and 11.1 cm), and wither height (10.9 and 10.9 cm). Calves fed MC CS were similar (P &gt; 0.10) in ADG compared to calves fed CN CS (0.46 and 0.51 kg/d). Calves fed MC CS tended to have greater (P &lt; 0.10) feed efficiency then calves fed CN CS. Calves fed MC CS demonstrated greater (P &lt; 0.05) total tract nutrient digestibility of several nutrients, which lead to the cost of gain being more economical for calves fed MC when corn is priced the same. The use of new corn hybrids has the potential to improve nutrient digestion and animal performance.
Determining the impact of increasing standardized ileal digestible lysine for primiparous and multiparous sows during lactation1,2
Authors: Gourley K. M. , Nichols G. E. , Sonderman J. A. , Spencer Z. T. , Woodworth J. C. , Tokach M. D. , DeRouchey J. M. , Dritz S. S. , Goodband R. D. , Kitt S. J. , Stephenson E. W. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of increasing dietary SID Lys in lactation on sow and litter performance. In Exp. 1, a total of 111 primiparous sows (Line 241; DNA Genetics, Columbus, NE) were allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments on d 110 of gestation. Dietary treatments included increasing dietary standardized ileal digestible (SID) Lys (0.80, 0.95, 1.10, and 1.25%). During lactation, there were no differences in ADFI or sow BW at weaning (d 21), resulting in no differences in BW loss. However, backfat loss during lactation decreased (linear, P = 0.046) as SID Lys increased. There were no differences in litter weaning weight, litter gain from d 2 to weaning, percentage of females bred by d 7 after weaning, d 30 conception rate, farrowing rate or subsequent litter characteristics. In Exp. 2, a total of 710 mixed parity sows (Line 241; DNA Genetics) were allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments at d 112 of gestation. Dietary treatments included increasing SID Lys (0.75, 0.90, 1.05, and 1.20%). Sow BW at weaning increased (quadratic, P = 0.046), and sow BW loss from post-farrow to weaning or d 112 to weaning decreased (quadratic, P ≤ 0.01) as SID Lys increased. Sow backfat loss increased (linear, P = 0.028) as SID Lys increased. Conversely, longissimus muscle depth loss decreased (linear, P = 0.002) as SID Lys increased. Percentage of females bred by d 7 after weaning increased (linear, P = 0.047) as SID Lys increased in parity 1 sows, with no difference in parity 2 or 3+ sows. Litter weight at d 17 and litter gain from d 2 to 17 increased (quadratic, P = 0.01) up to 1.05% SID Lys with no improvement thereafter. For subsequent litter characteristics, there were no differences in total born, percentage born alive, stillborn, or mummies. In conclusion, our results suggest that increasing dietary SID Lys can reduce sow protein loss in lactation. The optimal level of dietary SID Lys required by the sow may vary based on response criteria and parity.
The age of surgical castration affects the healing process in beef calves1
Authors: Norring Marianna , Mintline Erin M. , Tucker Cassandra B. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Castration is painful for calves. Castrating at an earlier age is often recommended, but little is known about how this affects the healing process or the pain experienced. We compared incision closure, swelling and pain sensitivity of beef calves surgically castrated at 3 (range 0 to 8 d; n = 16) or 73 (range 69 to 80 d; n = 15) d of age. Closure of the incision, as measured with a 5-point scale (1 = fresh wound, 5 = no longer visible), weight gain, and inflammation (skin temperature and swelling, as measured by scrotal circumference) were recorded on d 1, 3, 7, 11, 15, 18, 21, 25, 32, 39, 45, 61, and 77 after the procedure, until all incisions were fully healed. On these same days, pain sensitivity was assessed by applying a known and increasing force with von Frey hairs (0.02 to 300 g-force) at the edge of the castration wound and at a control site, approximately 2 to 5 cm anterior to the teats, until animals showed a behavioral response or the highest force was reached. The incisions of younger calves healed more quickly than older ones [fully healed, median (95% confidence interval); 39 (32 to 61) vs. 61 (61 to 77) d; P = 0.002], however, they had relatively more swelling in the days after castration (P &lt; 0.001). Younger animals reacted to lighter pressure of von Frey hairs compared to older calves especially in the first stages of healing process (P &lt; 0.001), and there were other signs indicative of inflammation processes in this region at this time. However, there was no difference in the control site for either age group. In addition, it took longer for older calves to recover their daily weight gain after the procedure (P &lt; 0.001). Taken together, these results paint a mixed picture about the effects of age of surgical castration. Calves castrated soon after birth experience more tissue swelling and show more signs of pain, but their incisions heal sooner and their weight gain is less affected, when compared to animals castrated around 73 d of age.
Evaluation of raw pork as a commercially manufactured diet option for zoo-managed African wildcats (Felis silvestris lybica)
Authors: Iske C. J. , Morris C. L. , Kappen K. L. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSecond to beef, pork is a major protein source produced in the US. Properly sourced and handled pork could be utilized as a protein option for zoo-managed carnivores. Concerns of high levels of microbial populations in raw meat diets are common. The objectives of this study were to determine apparent total tract macronutrient and energy digestibility and fecal scores from cats fed a commercially manufactured raw pork-based diet compared with commercially available raw carnivore diets formulated with either horse or beef and evaluate typical microbial population variation among the diets. Dietary treatments consisted of 4 raw meat-based diets: Horse, Beef, Pork, and beef/horse Blend. All diets were highly digestible, especially fat digestibility (98.6 to 99.7%) in which there were no statistical differences among diets. Digestibility of organic matter (OM) was greater (P = 0.05) when cats consumed the Blend diet (97.2%) compared to the Pork diet (93.1%). Fecal scores ranged from 1.6 to 2.6 (on a 5-point scale), with Beef (2.6) being greater than (P = 0.01) Horse (1.6) and (P = 0.02) Pork (1.9). E. coli counts ranged from 110 to 10,000 cfu/g; total coliforms: 150 to 28,000 cfu/g; yeast: 20 to 4,000 cfu/g; mold count: not detectable to 10 cfu/g; and aerobic plate count: 23,000 to 26,000,000 cfu/g. Staphylococcus aureus was not detected in any of the diets. Salmonella was presumptive positive in the Pork and Blend diet, and was negative in the other 2 diets. In conclusion, commercially manufactured diets have varying microbial counts. All diets, including the raw pork-based diet were well utilized by exotic small cats and can be included among dietary options for managed felids.
Economic impacts of lameness in feedlot cattle1
Authors: Davis-Unger J. , Pajor E. A. , Schwartzkopf-Genswein K. , Marti S. , Dorin C. , Spackman E. , Orsel K. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Lameness is an important health issue in feedlot cattle; however, there is a paucity of information regarding its economic impact. Decision tree models are excellent tools for assessing costs of disease such as the net return (net return = benefit – cost). Models were developed using expert opinion, literature and retrospective feedlot data provided by Vet-Agri Health Services (VAHS, Airdrie, Alberta, Canada) collected from 2005 to 2015 on individually treated cattle (n = 30,940) from 28 feedlots. The objective was to estimate net return of various lameness diagnoses and impacts of cattle type, season of treatment, and extreme high and low cattle prices. Cattle were diagnosed as lame according to the following categories: foot rot, foot rot in heavy cattle (BW &gt; 363 kg at treatment), injury, lame with no visible swelling, and joint infection. Records consisted of arrival and treatment weight, cost of treatment, and cattle deaths. Records included cattle types classified as: fall calves (heifer and steer), winter calves (heifer and steer) and yearling cattle (heifer and steer). Lastly, variables ADG, days on feed (DOF), and Season (spring, summer, fall, and winter) were created. Models estimated net return using cattle slaughter prices for healthy cattle that reached a slaughter weight of 635 kg and for three possible outcomes for each diagnosis after final treatment: cattle that recovered after treatment and reached a slaughter weight of 635 kg; cattle that were removed before they reached slaughter weight; or cattle that died. Compared to undiagnosed cattle with 1.36 kg/d ADG, cattle diagnosed with foot rot and foot rot heavy cattle had the highest ADG until first treatment (1.14 and 1.57 kg/d, respectively) and differed significantly (P &lt; 0.05) compared to cattle diagnosed with injuries (0.87 kg/d), lame with no visible swelling (0.64 kg/d), and joint infections (0.53 kg/d). Yearling steers had the most positive returns compared to all other cattle types. Cattle with lighter arrival weight had lower ADG and increased economic losses after treatment compared to heavier weighted cattle on arrival. Based on average slaughter prices over a 10-yr period for healthy cattle, return was $690. Return after final treatment for cattle with foot rot was $568, foot rot in heavy cattle was $695, and injury was $259. However, joint infections and lame with no visible swelling had negative returns of –$286 and –$701, respectively.
KAJIAN HUKUM PIDANA TENTANG DELIK PENGHINAAN : STUDI KASUS DI WILAYAH HUKUM POLRESTABES SEMARANG
Authors: Prestama Rezky Plantika , Juita Subaidah Ratna , Triwati Ani 
Published: December 2018

<p>Judul dari penulisan ini adalah kajian hukum pidana tentang delik penghinaan di wilayah hukum polrestabes semarang. Berdasarkan kitab undang undang hukum pidana dan berdasarkan Undang-undang No.11Tahun 2008 tentang informasi dan elektronika sebagaimana diubah dengan undang undang no 19 tahun 2016 tentang perubahan atas undang undang informasi dan elektronika. Metode pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah normatif. dengan bahan Hukum primer sebagai instrumen dalam menemukan Hukum Delik Penghinaan berdasarkan KUHP maupun berdasarkan Undang-Undang . Sedangkan bahan Hukum sekunder dan tersier menjadi pendukung dalam menemukan solusi Hukum dari permasalahan yang terjadi. Teknik memperoleh bahan Hukum selanjutnya dilakukan dengan cara penelitian ke Perpustakaan (Library research) dan ke Polrestabes Ssmarang. yakni dengan melakukan penelusuran terhadap peraturan Perundang-Undangan, beberapa buku-buku literatur, jurnal HHHHukum dan tulisan yang berkaitan langsung dengan masalah yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini, yaitu khasus yang terjadi di Polrestabes Semarang.</p><p><em>The tittle of the writing is a criminal law review of defamation offense in jurisdiction of Polrestabes Semarang.based on the criminal law and based of criminal law number 11 of 2008 on information and electronics as amended by law number 19 of 2016 about changes to information and electronics laws. The shortcut method in his study in normative. With primary legal materials as instruments to finding the law of defamatory offense based on KUHP or by law. While secondary and tertiary legal materials become supporters in finding the legal solution of the problem that occure. The technique of obtaining legal material is further done in library research and Polrestabes Semarang. By performing a search on legislation, several literature books, legal and literary journals that deal directly with the issues raised in this case of Polrestabes Semarang.</em></p>
TUJUAN NEGARA DALAM MENGATUR FREKUENSI RADIO KOMUNITAS DITINJAU DARI UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 32 TAHUN 2002 TENTANG PENYIARAN (STUDI KASUS DI WILAYAH SEMARANG)
Authors: Kridasaksana Doddy , Junaidi M , Aryaputra Muhammad Iftar 
Published: December 2018

<p>Saat ini di berbagai penjuru dunia bermunculan radio komunitas yang digunakan untuk berbagi informasi dalam sebuah komunitas.Demikian pula keberadaan radio komunitas di Semarang. Radio komunitas sendiri adalah lembaga penyiaran atau stasiun radio yang dimiliki, dikelola, diperuntukkan, diinisiatifkan, dan didirikan oleh sebuah komunitas. Sebelum di sahkannya UU No. 32 Tahun 2002 tentang Penyiaran, radio komunitas (<em>community radio</em>) di Indonesia sering disebut "radio ilegal". Mengenai frekuensinya oleh Negara dialokasikan antara 107,7 MHz hingga 107,9 MHz dan radius siaran LPK dibatasi maksimum 2,5 km (dua setengah kilometer) dari lokasi pemancar atau dengan <em>Effective Radiated Power </em>(ERP) maksimum 50 (lima puluh) watt.</p><p>Laporan penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tujuan Negara dalam mengatur frekuensi radio komunitas dilihat dari peraturan perundang-undangan yang berkaitan dengan radio komunitas dan untuk menemukan problema yang ditemui dan solusi yang diberikan oleh Negara dalam pengaturan radio komunitas. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis empiris, Penyusunan dan penulisan digunakan deskriptif analitis. Data berasal dari primer dan sekunder. Pengumpulannya dengan metode literatur (kepustakaan), disamping wawancara kepada Humas Departemen Komunikasi dan InformatikaRepublik Indonesia, Humas DinasPerhubungan dan Informatika Propinsi Jawa Tengah, Penyidik Pegawai Negeri Sipil (PPNS) di lingkungan Balai Monitor Spektrum Frekuensi Radio Kelas II Semarang. Disamping itu penelitian ini juga akan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif terhadap data primer.</p><p>Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa 1)Tujuan Negara sebagai pembuat peraturan perundangan tentang penyiaran sekaligus mengatur frekuensi radio komunitas perlu menertibkan, memberi keadilan bagi pelaku radio komunitas dan memberi sanksi hukum bagi pelanggarnya karena hokum berakar dan terbentuk dalam proses interaksi berbagai aspek kehidupan politik, ekonomi, sosial, budaya, teknologi, keagamaan dan lain–lain. Hal tersebut diatur dalam UU N0.32 Tahun 2002 tentang Penyiaran, dan mulai berlaku efektif Desember 2002.2) Sebanyak18 radio komunitas baru (33,33%) di Semarang yang akan mengajukan izin penyiaran (hasil merger dari 120 radio komunitas ilegal). Problem lainnya sebagian radio komunitas masih menggunakan <em>power </em>pemancar seadanya, sebagian lagi menggunakan <em>power </em>pemancar yang cukup kuat hingga mengganggu frekuensi lain, seperti yang dialami oleh radio Dais FM (radio komunitas Masjid Agung Semarang), REM FM (radio komunitas Universitas Negeri Semarang). Solusinya, wewenang KPIKPID sesuai Pasal 8 ayat (2) UU Penyiaran, adalah memberikan sanksi administrative terhadap pelanggaran peraturan dan pedoman perilaku penyiaran serta standar program siaran, seperti diatur dalam Bab VIII UU No 32 Tahun 2002 tentang Penyiaran.</p>
KOMITMEN KARYAWAN DITINJAU DARI SELF EFFICACY DAN PERSEPSI DUKUNGAN ORGANISASI,DI CV. WAHYU JAYA SEMARANG
Authors: Asih Gusti Yuli , Dewi Rusmalia 
Published: December 2018

<p>Penelitian dilakukan untuk melihat hubungan komitmen karyawan pada CV. Maju Jaya ditinjau dari <em>self efficacy</em> dan persepsi dukungan organisasi. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara <em>self efficacy</em> dan persepsi dukungan organisasi terhadap komitmen karyawan. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan studi populasi. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah karyawan CV. Wahyu Jaya Semarang yang berjumlah 50 orang. Metoda pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini dengan menggunakan skala. Ada tiga buah skala yang dipakai yaitu skala komitmen karyawan, skala <em>self efficacy</em>, dan skala persepsi terhadap dukungan organisasi. Hipotesis yang diajukan, diuji secara statistik dengan menggunakan teknik Analisis Regresi untuk menguji hubungan ketiga variabel. Semua perhitungan statistik dalam penelitian ini menggunakan program SPSS.</p><p>Berdasarkan analisis data diperoleh bahwa besarnya koefisien korelasi 1,000 dengan p&lt;0,05 antara <em>self efficacy,</em> persepsi dukungan organisasi, dan komitmen karyawan hal ini menunjukkan bahwa ada korelasi antara <em>self efficacy</em>, persepsi dukungan organisasi, dan komitmen karyawan. Analisis korelasi antara <em>self efficacy</em> terhadap komitmen karyawan diperoleh koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,394 dengan p&lt;0,01 sehingga hipotesis diterima. Analisis korelasi antara persepsi dukungan organisasi dan komitmen karyawan diperoleh koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,435 dengan p&lt;0,01 sehingga hipotesis diterima. Analisis terhadap <em>self efficacy</em> dan persepsi dukungan organisasi dengan komitmen karyawan diperoleh hasil Rx1x2y sebesar 0,488 dengan p&lt;0,05 sehingga hipotesis dalam penelitian ini diterima. Berarti ada hubungan <em>self efficacy</em> dan persepsi dukungan organisasi terhadap komitmen karyawan.</p>
The Influence of Environmental and Social Performance towards Cumulative Abnormal Returnon Listed Companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange
Authors: Indahsari Lilis Nur , Widhianningrum Purweni 
Published: December 2018

<span lang="EN-US">This research aims to determine the influence of environmental and social performance against the cumulative abnormal return on listed companies in Indonesia stock exchange. The type of this research is quantitative research. The population in this research are all listed companies in Indonesia stock exchange during the period of the year 2012-2015. Sampling techniques in this research using the technique of purposive sampling, so that obtained the number of samples as much as 11 companies. Data analysis techniques in this study using multiple regression analysis. The results of this research showed that the environment and social performance have significant impact on the cumulative abnormal return. This indicates that investors are more concerned about social performance because it’s related to the welfare of the community especially employees.</span>
Poltekkes Kemenkes Malang’s Organizational Response In Facing The Implementation of Performance-Based Remuneration System (A Case Study on Public Service Institution within Resource Dependence Theory Perspective andNew Institutional Sociology)
Authors: Rahayu Mintarsih Puji , Djamhuri Ali , Rosidi Rosidi 
Published: December 2018

This study is aimed at revealing the organizational response of Polkesma in facing pressure on the implementation of remuneration system and the way to continue the sustainability of remuneration system through Resource Dependence Theory and New Institutional Sociology perspective.This research uses post positive paradigm with qualitative approach and case study research strategy. The results showedthat the Organizational response which was initially shown in the form of <em>Acquiesce</em> met regulatory compliance (<em>coercive isomorphism</em>). In addition to the <em>Acquiesce</em>, the Polkesma showed a compromising response towards institutional pressure through the initiative to develop performance appraisal system by following the institution that had successfully applied (mimetic isomorphism) and used consultant service (normative isomorphism) to develop Key Performance Indicator (KPI). Efforts to continue the sustainability of Polkesma remuneration system were done by optimizing the escalation of main educational income, asset utilization, the principle of "smart" in the use of budget and the improvement of <em>Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi’s </em>quality. Polkesma had been successfully considered as the role model of remuneration implementation in the Ministry of Health.