bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studies On The Catabolism And Distribution Of Fibrinogen In Rats. Application Of The IodogenR Labelling Technique
Authors: Nieuwenhuizen W , Emeis J J , Vermond A , Kurver P , Heide D V D 
Published: July 2018

Catabolism and body distribution of fibrinogen was assessed in an homologous system. Rat fibrinogen was labelled with recently published iodogenR labelling technique: 125I was incorporated in fibrinogen at a ratio 0.5:1. Radioclottability appeared to be greater than 95%. The preparation was biologically screened in a rat for 48 hours. With the biologically screened fibrinogen, catabolism and body distribution parameters in the rat were determined by following the blood radioactivity versus time. Data were analyzed using a two-compartment mathematical model described by the function x (t) = C1e-a1t + C2 e-a2t.From the constants C1, C2, a1 and a2 were calculated: transcapillary efflux rate constant = 0.056 ± 0.014 h-1 transcapillary reflux rate constant = 0.22 ± 0.06 h-1 fractional catabolic rate constant = 0.039 ± 0.013 h-1 intravascular fraction of fibrinogen pool = 77 ± 3% extravascular fraction of fibrinogen pool = 23 T 3% biological half-life time = 23 ± 1 h
Stabilized Fibrin Urea-Dispersion In Normal Plasma And Serum
Authors: de Cataldo F , Baudo F , Mussini E , Redaelli R 
Published: July 2018

Clots from human normal native platelet-poor-plasma are dispersed by the addition of urea, final concentration 2.5 M. Cross-linked fibrin, preincubated in undiluted plasma and serum, is also dispersed by urea. Clot-dispersion is not inhibited by EACA, added to plasma prior to clotting or preincubation, at the final concentration of 5×10-2 M which inhibits streptokinase-plasminogen activation in the same plasma sample.Characterization of this activity has been carried out by the following procedures:
1. Ammonium-suiphate-fractionation. The activity is recovered in the material precipitated at 13-17% concentration. 2. Sephadex chromatography (G 200, 150, 100). The activity is recovered in the protein material with 150.000-300.000 daltons, eluated at pH 7.2.
3. Dialysis of the ammonium-sulphate-precipitate against a solution buffered with TRIS or phosphate 0.1 M, pH range b-8.5 at 4°C. The activity is recovered in the gelatinous material selectively precipitated at pH 7.2.
4. Standard preparative electrophocusing on Sephadex plate
(Ultrodex LKB). The activity is recovered only in some of the thirty protein-fractions.EACA does not inhibit the fibrin dispersing activity of these different materials.These results indicate the presence in normal plasma and serum of a fibrin-dispersing activity different from plasminogen.
Antithrombin III Activity Levels In Serum: Results Of A Large Survey Study Using A New Method Of Sample Preparation
Authors: Gray A , Uhlmeyer K , LaBonte R , Bailey L 
Published: July 2018

The determination of Antithrombin III (AT III) levels in serum is of major interest because the serum AT III level will reflect both the level of AT III in the circulation (plasma AT III) and the level of procoagulant factors in the circulation (which consume the AT III during serum formation in vitro). Serum samples are also more readily available for testing in reference laboratories who normally receive very few citrated plasma samples. A collaborative study was performed to test AT III levels on all serum samples sent in to the Bio-Diagnostics Medical Laboratory for chemistry panel testing during a one month period.It has been recognized that the level of prothrombin consumption during serum formation will vary widely depending on the sample handling conditions. Only a small amount of thrombin generation is required for complete defibrination of a blood sample. Some serum samples collected in glass without an anticoagulant still had normal plasma levels of prothrombin and AT III. This may indicate early removal of platelets by centrifugation, low levels of contact factors or rapid anticoagulation kinetics. A new method was devised to standardize the complete activation (and thus AT III consumption) of samples received from approximately 800 offices and clinics collecting and mailing the samples under various conditions. To 100 ul sample serum was added 10 ul of commercial thromboplastin/calcium ion solution to activate the sample extrinsically. After at least five minutes, the samples were assayed for their AT III activity using the Quanticheck AT III assay on an Abbott VP. A total of 5800 samples were assayed with a mean value of 83 ± 1 (2 S.D.). There were 132 samples outside of the normal range of 74 ± 20 % AT III (determined on 99 normal adults).
Inherited Deficiency Of Antithrombin III In Two Italian Families. Different Behaviour After Long-Term Anticoagulant Treatment
Authors: Manotti C , Pini M , Poti R , Quintavalia R 
Published: July 2018

An inherited deficiency of antithrombin III (AT III), measured with four different, functional and immunological, methods, was found in 8 out of 11 examined members and in 3 out of 11 examined members of two Italian families (D.M. and A. families). Biological activity, measured with Abildgard’s clotting assay and with an amidolytic method, ranged between 17 and 75%. Cross immunoelectrophoresis, with or without heparin, performed in the two propositi and in 1; other relatives, showed a normal pattern of migration.A different behaviour of AT III after anticoagulation with acenocoumarin was seen in two long-term treated subjects. The proposita of the D.M. family, who had a history of recurrent thrombotic accidents, did not show any increase of AT III levels, measured in the first two weeks and after 6 and 12 months of therapy. A significant (about 50%) increase both with the functional and immunological methods was on the contrary observed in the propositus of A. family, who had undergone surgery because of mesenteric vein thrombosis. Until now both patients have been free of thrombotic recurrences.Our findings confirm previous reports of variable effects of oral anticoagulants on AT III levels in subjects with congenital deficiency.
Platelet Factor 4 (PF4) And Protamine Sulfate (PS) Neutralization Of Heparin Fractionated According To Charge Density
Authors: Poon M-C , Hurst R E 
Published: July 2018

Both PF4 and PS have been postulated to neutralize heparin by electrostatic complex formation. The present study examined the role of charge density (Z) of the heparin in neutralization reactions with PF4 and PS. Fractions varying systematically in charge density were isolated from 3 hog mucosal (HM) heparins (2 decolorized and 1 undecolorized) using 2 phase sequential extraction system. Fractions were similarly isolated from a decolorized beef lung (BL) heparin. Thrombin inhibition (ThI) assays were performed in the absence and presence of a constant amount of PF4 or PS for each fraction and for a series of dilutions of a standard heparin. The potencies of fractionated heparins varied systematically in a non-linear manner with Z2. However, in all heparins studied, potency curves generated in the presence of PF4 and PS paralleled each other closely. With the 2 decolorized heparins, these curves also closely paralleled the potency curves generated in the ThI assay in the absence of PF4 or PS (ThI-buffer curves), but for the undecolorized heparin, the ThI-buffer curve was distinctly of steeper slope with greater potency. In contrast, with BL heparin , the ThI-buffer curve was of shallower slope and of lower potency.The parallel behavior of PF4 and PS curves supports a similarity in the mechanism of neutralization. The potency of heparin fractions is related to their charge density. With decolorized HM heparins, PF4 and PS do not selectively neutralize a subfraction with different potency, but with the undecolorized heparin, PF4 and PS is somewhat selective towards neutralizing more potent heparin species. In contrast, with BL heparin, a less active heparin species is apparently preferentially inactivated by PF4 and PS, and moreover, the activity is less subject to neutralization.
Behaviour Of Exogenous Heparin In Patients With Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Fischer A M , Guillot M , Girot R , Léon M , Triadou P , Dautzenberg M D , Jacques C , Josso F 
Published: July 2018

Behaviour of exogenous heparin was studied in 35 subjects after intravenous injection of 50 u/kg heparin : 10 healthy control adults, 8 control children with normal hemostatic system, 17 children with nephrotic syndrome without renal insufficiency. Blood samples were collected before injection and 15 min, 30 min, 60 min and 120 min later, for the following tests : APTT, thrombin time, automatised heparin assay using a chromogenic substrate (S-2238). Heparin behaviour was assessed by two criteria : recovery (plasma heparin level) 15 min after the injection ; halflife of recovered heparin. Results were compared with the following parameters : WBC and platelet count ; serum albumin and lipids ; plasma antithrombin III, α2 macroglobulin and fibrinogen ; histological findings when availableIn nephrotic children, mean heparin recovery was lower than in the control groups, very poor or even negligible in 9/17 cases. Heparin halflife was close to 37 min in most patients, shorter than in healthy controls (mean : 46 min), and dramatically decreased in 4 cases.No significant correlation was observed between the observed heparin behaviour and the considered parameters ; sensitivity to heparin was notably unrelated to plasma antithrombin III level. Insensitivity was observed in three patients with amyloidosis.
Local Delivery of Platelets with Encapsulated lloprost to Balloon Injured Pig Carotid Arteries: Effect on Platelet Deposition and Neointima Formation
Authors: Banning Adrian , Brewer Lesley , Wendt Maria , Groves Peter H , Cheadle Hilary , Penny William J , Crawford Neville 
Published: July 2018

SummaryLocal delivery of a drug to the arterial wall during angioplasty is an approach which might reduce the incidence of occlusive events such as thrombosis and restenosis, without the risk of systemic side effects. By exploiting their natural primary haemostatic properties, platelets, with encapsulated drugs, can be targeted to a vessel wall injury site and act as a depot for sustained release. The platelet plasma membrane can be reversibly permeabilised by high voltage, short duration electrical pulses (electroporation). Drugs will diffuse into porated platelets and become trapped on resealing. We have studied the effects of autologous platelets, electroloaded with the stable prostacyclin analogue, iloprost, on platelet deposition and neointima formation in a pig carotid angioplasty model. Iloprost loaded or control platelets were delivered locally and immediately to the balloon injured site using a double balloon delivery catheter. Acute platelet deposition was measured using 111-Indium, and neointima formation at 21 days post angioplasty was assessed by morphometric analysis. In pigs treated with iloprost loaded platelets, platelet deposition on the artery at 2 hours post injury was dramatically reduced (to approximately monolayer coverage), when compared with arteries from pigs treated with control platelets. In pigs with deeply injured arteries, i.e. with extensively ruptured internal elastic lamina (IEL), platelet deposition was reduced by 88% compared with control arteries (118 ± 20 X 106/cm vs. 14 ± 2 X 106/cm, means ± SE, 2P <0.001). In minimally injured arteries (IEL intact) a 65% reduction in platelet deposition was observed (55 ± 24 X 106/cm vs. 19 ± 3X 106/cm, 2P <0.002). A high concentration of free iloprost, delivered to the angioplasty site, with control platelets, had far less effect on platelet deposition, substantiating the advantage of platelet encapsulation. At 21 days post injury, morphometry of the carotid arteries after treatment with iloprost loaded platelets showed significant reductions in intimal area and intimal/medial ratios in minimally injured vessels (P <0.05) as compared with vessels from pigs treated with control platelets. With deeply injured vessels, the mean differences (control vs. treated) for the same morphometric parameters were not significant.This novel approach of electro-encapsulating drugs within autologous platelets, and using them as highly biocompatible and biodegradable drug targeting vehicles might, with the appropriate choice of encapsulated agent, have potential for reducing the incidence of occlusion after angioplasty and thrombolysis procedures.
A Common Thrombomodulin Amino Acid Dimorphism Is Associated with Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Norlund Lena , Holm Johan , Zöller Bengt , Öhlin Ann-Kristin 
Published: July 2018

SummaryEndothelial dysfunction and haemostatic imbalance are believed to be important aetiological factors in the development of acute coronary syndromes. Thrombomodulin (TM) is an integral membrane protein crucial for normal endothelial function and activation of the protein C anticoagulant pathway. We have investigated the importance of a common C/T dimorphism in the TM gene (nucleotide 1418) for development of premature myocardial infarction (MI). The C/T dimorphism predicts an Ala455 to Val replacement in the sixth EGF-like domain of TM. The dimorphism was investigated in 97 MI survivors and 159 healthy controls. The C allele was significantly more frequent among patients than controls (p = 0.035). The allele frequency for the C allele was 0.82 in the patients and 0.72 in the control group. The plasma concentration of TM was investigated among healthy controls but was not related to the C/T dimorphism. In conclusion, the association of the C allele with premature MI, suggests that the TM gene and the C/T dimorphism may be aetiological factors involved in the pathogenesis of MI. Possibly, the Ala455 to Val replacement may affect the function of the TM molecule and the activation of the protein C anticoagulant pathway.
Clinical Features in 36 Patients Homozygous for the ARG 506 → GLN Factor V Mutation
Authors: Emmerich Joseph , Alhenc-Gelas Martine , Aillaud Marie-Françoise , Juhan-Vague Irène , Jude Brigitte , Garcin Jean-Marie , Dreyfus Marie , de Moerloose Philippe , Le Querrec Agnès , Priollet Pascal , Berruyer Micheline , Vallantin Xavier , Wolf Martine , Aiach Martine , Fiessinger Jean-Noël 
Published: July 2018

SummaryWe analyzed the clinical features of 36 patients homozygous for the Arg 506 to Gin factor V mutation and found a circumstantial event at risk for thrombosis in 29 of the 31 patients with thrombosis. The most frequent predisposing factors were the post-partum period and the use of oral contraceptives in women, and surgery in both sexes. Venous thrombosis recurred in 48% of the patients. One patient had a myocardial infarction at age 33 years, and also had an antiphospholipid syndrome. Homozygous Gin 506 mutation leads to far less severe thrombotic complications than homozygous protein C and protein S deficiencies and does not seem to predispose patients to arterial thrombosis.
Purpura Fulminans Induced by Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation following Infection in 2 Unrelated Children with Double Heterozygosity for Factor V Leiden and Protein S Deficiency
Authors: Inbal Aida , Kenet Gilly , Zivelin Ariella , Yermiyahu Tikva , Bronstein Tamar , Sheinfeld Tomy , Tamari Hana , Gitel Sanford , Eshel Gill , Duchemin Jerome , Aiach Martine , Seligsohn Uri 
Published: July 2018

SummaryPurpura fulminans is associated with homozygous protein C and homozygous protein S deficiency or may follow bacterial or viral infections. We present 2 children from 2 unrelated Arab families with purpura fulminans who were double heterozygotes for factor V Leiden inherited from their fathers and protein S deficiency inherited from their mothers. No previous thrombotic events have occured in either patient or their respective family members. In one patient sepsis accompanied by disseminated intravascular coagulation appeared to be the trigger of purpura fulminans. In the other patient varicella infection preceded purpura fulminans and was also associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation. This report emphasizes the need for evaluation of hereditary defects in the inhibitory mechanisms of blood coagulation in patients with purpura fulminans at any age.
SQ 22536, an Adenylate-Cyclase Inhibitor, Prevents the Antiplatelet Effect of Dazoxiben, a Thromboxane-Synthetase Inhibitor
Authors: Bertelé Vittorio , Falanga Anna , Tomasiak Marian , Cerletti Chiara , Gaetano Giovanni de 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThis study shows that dazoxiben, a selective inhibitor of thromboxane A2-synthetase in human platelets, inhibited arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation in platelet-rich plasma samples from four out of 16 healthy volunteers. In these four “responder” samples, the anti-aggregating effect of dazoxiben was prevented by the compound SQ 22536, a 9-substituted adenine analogue, endowed with an inhibitory activity on adenylate-cyclase. The compound SQ 22536 also counteracted the antiaggregating effect of prostaglandin D2, a known activator of platelet adenylate-cyclase. When platelet thromboxane A2-syn- thetase was blocked by dazoxiben, a marked increase of prostaglandin D2 was concomitantly observed both in “responder” and “non responder” samples. The compound SQ 22536 blunted the increase in platelet cAMP caused by either dazoxiben and sodium arachidonate or prostaglandin D2. It is suggested that the antiaggregating effect of dazoxiben is mediated by newly synthesized prostaglandin D2. The latter acts by stimulating adenylate-cyclase and increasing cAMP levels. The compound SQ 22536 prevents both phenomena. In “non responder” samples some factors - still to be defined - might counteract similarly to the compound SQ 22536 the antiaggregating activity of PGD2.
Standardization of Factor VIII – III. Establishment of a Stable Reference Plasma for Factor VIII-Related Activities
Authors: Barrowcliffe T W , Tydeman M S , Kirkwood T B L , Thomas D P 
Published: July 2018

SummaryAn international collaborative study has been carried out to establish a reference plasma for Factor VIII-related activities. The freeze-dried reference plasma, coded 80/511, was assayed against fresh normal plasma, local standards and another freeze- dried plasma. There was good agreement between laboratories for the comparison of the two freeze-dried plasmas, but wide variation in the comparison of plasma 80/511 with fresh normal plasma and local standards, indicating the differences in Factor VIII content of local pooled plasmas. There were no significant differences between the one-stage and two-stage assays of VIII :C, or between electroimmunoassay (EIA) and immuno- radiometric (IRMA) assays of VIII R:Ag. However, in VIII R: RCoF (ristocetin co-factor) assays, the aggregometry methods gave lower values than the macroscopic and counting methods for the comparison of freeze-dried against fresh normal plasmas. From the combined results of assays against each laboratory’s fresh normal plasma, potencies were assigned to plasma 80/511.Results from accelerated degradation studies indicated that losses of each VIII-related activity in plasma 80/511, when stored at -20° C, should be less than 0.01% per year, indicating its suitability to serve as a long-term reference preparation. Plasma 80/511 has been established by the WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization as the 1st International Reference Preparation for Factor VIII-Related Activities in Plasma.
A dynamic model of transmission and elimination of peste des petits ruminants in Ethiopia
Authors: Fournié Guillaume , Waret-Szkuta Agnès , Camacho Anton , Yigezu Laike M. , Pfeiffer Dirk U. , Roger François 
Published: July 2018

Significance
Only two infectious diseases, smallpox in humans and rinderpest in cattle, have been eradicated so far. Peste de petits ruminants (PPR), a viral disease representing a major burden for sheep and goat farmers across Africa and Asia, is now targeted for eradication through mass vaccination campaigns. While an efficacious vaccine providing protective and lifelong immunity exists, the level of PPR virus transmission in animal populations is unknown. By combining the results from a nationwide serological survey with a dynamic model simulating viral spread, we estimated viral transmission potential in Ethiopia, where PPR virus is endemic, and vaccination coverage required for disease elimination. This approach is relevant to identify populations at high risk of viral persistence and to inform vaccination strategies.
copMEM: finding maximal exact matches via sampling both genomes
Authors: Grabowski Szymon , Bieniecki Wojciech 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Motivation
Genome-to-genome comparisons require designating anchor points, which are given by Maximum Exact Matches (MEMs) between their sequences. For large genomes this is a challenging problem and the performance of existing solutions, even in parallel regimes, is not quite satisfactory.

Results
We present a new algorithm, copMEM, that allows to sparsely sample both input genomes, with sampling steps being coprime. Despite being a single-threaded implementation, copMEM computes all MEMs of minimum length 100 between the human and mouse genomes in less than 2 minutes, using 7 GB of RAM memory.

Availability and implementation
https://github.com/wbieniec/copmem

Supplementary data
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Risk Factors for Indeterminate Outcome on Interferon Gamma Release Assay in Non-US-Born Persons Screened for Latent Tuberculosis Infection
Authors: Sharninghausen Jody C , Shapiro Adrienne E , Koelle David M , Kim H Nina 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Background
Non-US-born individuals account for the majority of active tuberculosis (TB) in the United States. Interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) is the preferred diagnostic test for latent TB but can produce an indeterminate result. We investigated the prevalence and predictors of an indeterminate IGRA (IND-IGRA) in a diverse cohort of non-US-born individuals and evaluated outcomes after IND-IGRA.

Methods
We identified patient age ≥18 years who had an outpatient IGRA between 2010 and 2017 in our health system and whose primary language was not English. We used univariate and multivariable logistic regression to examine the association of IND-IGRA with a variety of clinical factors.

Results
Of 3128 outpatients with ≥1 IGRA done, 33% were Asian, 30% Hispanic, and 29% black; 44% were men, and the median age was 50 years. An initial IND-IGRA occurred in 118 (3.8%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.1%–4.5%); notably, Asian race (55%) and rheumatologic conditions (25%) were prevalent in this group. In multivariable analysis, Asian race was independently associated with IND-IGRA (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.9; 95% CI, 1.9–4.3), in addition to the presence of anemia and hypoalbuminemia (aOR for interaction, 4.3; 95% CI, 1.3–14.3). Only 55% of patients with an initial IND-IGRA underwent repeat testing; of those who did, 66% had a determinate result.

Conclusions
Asian race and anemia/hypoalbuminemia were independent risk factors for an indeterminate IGRA outcome in foreign-born patients screened in the United States. Our study underscores the importance of following through on indeterminate results in these key subgroups.
Minimally Invasive Resection of a Cervical Anterolateral Meningioma: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Landriel Federico , Hem Santiago , Vecchi Eduardo , Yampolsky Claudio 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Intradural extramedullary spinal tumors were historically managed through traditional midline approaches. Although conventional laminectomy or laminoplasty provides a wide tumor and spinal cord exposure, they may cause prolonged postoperative neck pain and late kyphosis deformity. Minimally invasive ipsilateral hemilaminectomy preserves midline structures, reduces the paraspinal muscle disruption, and could avoid postoperative kyphosis deformity. A safe tumor resection through this approach could be complicated in large sized or anteromedullary located lesions. We present a surgical video of C3 antero located meningioma removed en bloc through a minimally invasive approach. The patient signed a written consent to publish video, recording, photograph, image, illustration, and/or information about him.