bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salivary alpha‐amylase and hormones levels of young adults with different body composition
Authors: Lucas Bárbara de Lima , Barbosa Taís de Souza , Castelo Paula Midori , Gavião Maria Beatriz Duarte 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the differences in salivary biomarker levels of young adults classified according to body fat accumulation. One hundred and thirty‐four volunteers were evaluated (mean age 21 ± 2 years). Body composition was calculated through skinfold thickness: supra‐iliac, biceps, and triceps, sub‐scapular. Body fat percentage (BF%) was used to classify subjects according to fat tissue accumulation: normal‐weight (n = 37, 19 females, 18 males), overweight (n = 42, 30 females, 12 males), and obese (n = 55, 42 females, 13 males). Saliva samples were collected 30 min after awakening to determine salivary levels of 17‐beta‐estradiol. For salivary cortisol and alpha‐amylase activity (sAA) three samples were obtained, just after awakening, 30 min after awakening and at bedtime. Oral contraceptive intake was considered for the female group. The results showed that overweight and obese females using oral contraceptive presented lower levels of 17‐β‐estradiol than normal‐weight females. In overweight and obese males, sAA levels were higher 30 min post‐awakening when compared with the normal‐weight group. The comparison of sAA levels within time showed no difference for males; obese females showed significant higher values at bedtime than 30 min post‐awakening. The salivary cortisol concentration showed higher values at morning decreasing significantly at bedtime for all groups. Concluding, differences in 17‐β‐estradiol and sAA levels were found in females and males, respectively, according to body fat accumulation, showing the usefulness of salivary biomarkers in the study of systemic conditions.Practical applicationsSaliva is an advantageous biological fluid in innovative methods for diagnosis. Besides being a noninvasive method, salivary steroid measurements have the potential to provide a convenient assessment of serum free steroid concentrations.
The fecal microbiome and serum concentrations of indoxyl sulfate and p‐cresol sulfate in cats with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Summers Stacie C. , Quimby Jessica M. , Isaiah Anitha , Suchodolski Jan S. , Lunghofer Paul J. , Gustafson Daniel L. 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundIntestinal dysbiosis has been documented in humans with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is thought to contribute to production of the uremic toxins indoxyl sulfate (IS) and p‐cresol sulfate (pCS). Characteristics of the fecal microbiome in cats with CKD and correlation to serum concentrations of uremic toxins are unknown.ObjectivesTo characterize the fecal microbiome and measure serum IS and pCS concentrations of cats with CKD in comparison to healthy older cats.AnimalsThirty client‐owned cats with CKD (International Renal Interest Society stages 2‐4) and 11 older (≥8 years) healthy control cats.MethodsProspective, cross‐sectional study. Fecal samples were analyzed by sequencing of 16S rRNA genes andEscherichia coliquantitative PCR (qPCR). Serum concentrations of IS and pCS measured using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.ResultsCats with CKD had significantly decreased fecal bacterial diversity and richness.Escherichia coliqPCR showed no significant difference in bacteria count between control and CKD cats. Cats with stage 2 (P = .01) and stages 3 and 4 (P = .0006) CKD had significantly higher serum IS concentrations compared to control cats. No significant difference found between stage 2 and stages 3 and 4 CKD. The pCS concentrations were not significantly different between CKD cats and control cats.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceDecreased fecal microbiome diversity and richness is associated with CKD in cats. Indoxyl sulfate concentration is significantly increased with CKD, and cats with stage 2 CKD may suffer from a similar uremic toxin burden as do cats with later stage disease.
The current Indian epidemic of superficial dermatophytosis due toTrichophyton mentagrophytes—A molecular study
Authors: Nenoff Pietro , Verma Shyam B. , Vasani Resham , Burmester Anke , Hipler Uta‐Christina , Wittig Franziska , Krüger Constanze , Nenoff Kolja , Wiegand Cornelia , Saraswat Abir , Madhu Rengarajan , Panda Saumya , Das Anupam , Kura Mahendra , Jain Akshay , Koch Daniela , Gräser Yvonne , Uhrlaß Silke 
Published: December 2018

SummaryThe disease burden of chronic‐relapsing and therapy‐refractory superficial dermatophytosis dramatically increased in India within the past 5‐6 years. In order to evaluate the prevalence of this trend, 201 skin scrapings were collected from patients from all parts of India and were tested for dermatophytes using both fungal culture and aPCR‐ELISAdirectly performed with native skin scrapings. Fungal culture material was identified by genomic Sanger sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the translation elongation factor (TEF)‐1α gene. In total, 149 (74.13%) out of the 201 samples showed a dermatophyte‐positive culture result. Out of this, 138 (92.62%) samples were identified asTrichophyton(T.)mentagrophytesand 11 (7.38%) asTrichophyton rubrum. ThePCR‐ELISArevealed similar results: 162 out of 201 (80.56%) samples were dermatophyte‐positive showing 151 (93.21%)T mentagrophytes‐ and 11 (6.79%)T rubrum‐positive samples. In this study, we show for the first time a dramatic Indian‐wide switch fromT rubrumtoT mentagrophytes. Additionally, sequencing revealed a solely occurringT mentagrophytes“IndianITSgenotype” that might be disseminated Indian‐wide due to the widespread abuse of topical clobetasol and other steroid molecules mixed with antifungal and antibacterial agents.
Lactose intolerance but not lactose maldigestion is more frequent in patients with irritable bowel syndrome than in healthy controls: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Varjú Péter , Gede Noémi , Szakács Zsolt , Hegyi Péter , Cazacu Irina Mihaela , Pécsi Dániel , Fábián Anna , Szepes Zoltán , Vincze Áron , Tenk Judit , Balaskó Márta , Rumbus Zoltán , Garami András , Csupor Dezső , Czimmer József 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackground and PurposeIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) affects 10%‐20% of the adult population and is characterized by abdominal symptoms without relevant organic disease. There are numerous clinical trials available investigating the relationship between IBS, lactose maldigestion (LM), and lactose intolerance (LI), but there have been no meta‐analyses on this topic yet. We aimed to assess the prevalence of LM, objective and subjective (self‐reported) LI in IBS patients compared to healthy controls (HC) without IBS.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted up to 24 April 2018 in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. Adult IBS patients had to be diagnosed according to the Rome criteria or other well‐defined criteria system. We enrolled controlled studies including healthy adult participants without IBS, as control group. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated.Key ResultsAltogether 14 articles were suitable for statistical analyses. IBS patients reported themselves significantly more frequently lactose intolerant than HCs (odds ratio [OR] = 3.499; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.622‐7.551). Generally, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of LM based on ingested lactose dose (OR = 1.122; 95% CI = 0.929‐1.356) and test type (OR = 1.156; 95% CI = 0.985‐1.356). However, significantly more IBS patients had objective LI (OR = 2.521; 95% CI = 1.280‐4.965).Conclusions and InferencesLactose intolerance, but not LM is more frequent among patients with IBS compared to HCs. According to our results, IBS among other functional bowel disorders is a possible contributing factor of LI in people with LM.
Twenty‐five years of research about adipogenic adenoviruses: A systematic review
Authors: Akheruzzaman Md , Hegde Vijay , Dhurandhar Nikhil V. 
Published: December 2018

SummaryInfectious etiology is implicated in chronic diseases such as gastric ulcer or atherosclerosis. However, “infection” is a recent term in the field of obesity. Since the first report in 1982 of obesity due to infection, several microbes have been linked to obesity. Among the adipogenic microbes, avian adenovirus SMAM‐1 and human adenovirus Ad36 have been studied most extensively for the past 25 years. Here, we present a systematic review of literature about SMAM‐1 and Ad36. Reports from North America, Europe, and Asia reveal strong evidence that Ad36 causes obesity in animals and paradoxically improves glycemic control, and in vitro data provides mechanistic explanation. Considering that experimental Ad36 infection of humans is unlikely, its causative role in human obesity or glycemic control has not been demonstrated unequivocally. Nonetheless, most, but not all, observational studies in children and adults link Ad36 infection to obesity and improvement in glycemic control. The E4orf1 gene of Ad36 was identified as responsible for better glycemic control. Overall, 25 years have considerably advanced knowledge about the role of infection in obesity. Potential translational benefits include the development of vaccines to prevent Ad36‐induced obesity and drug development based on the E4orf1 protein to improve glycemic control.
Oral microbiomes in children with asthma and dental caries
Authors: Cherkasov Sergey V. , Popova Larisa Yu. , Vivtanenko Tatyana V. , Demina Rimma R. , Khlopko Yuri A. , Balkin Alexander S. , Plotnikov Andrey O. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveRecently, a significant association between dental caries and the severity of bronchial asthma in children has been revealed. This finding indicates a possible relationship between the oral microbiome and the pathogenesis of asthma. The purpose of our study was to estimate differences in the dental plaque microbiota of asthmatic children with and without dental caries by 16S rDNA sequencing.Material and methodsDental plaque samples were obtained with a spoon excavator from the occlusal surface of one deciduous tooth (the second mandibular left molar in caries‐free children and the most affected tooth in caries‐affected children). Total DNA was extracted from dental plaque. DNA libraries were analysed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing on the MiSeq (Illumina) platform.ResultsThere were no significant differences in the composition of bacterial communities from both caries‐affected and caries‐free children with asthma. The “caries‐enriched” genus was Veillonella (Veillonellaceae, Selenomonadales, Negativicutes). Relative abundance of Neisseria was significantly higher in caries‐free children with asthma (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe most significant difference in compared bacterial communities was a higher relative abundance of Veillonella in caries‐affected plaques that suggests its involvement in pathogenesis of caries. Potential respiratory pathogens are present in oral cavity of both caries‐affected and caries‐free asthmatic children.
Accounting for non‐economic factors in demand for transportation fuels: a comparative study of South Korea and Indonesia
Authors: Sa'ad Suleiman , Dahoro Davo , Ahmed Mohammed Nma 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis paper demonstrates the importance of capturing the influence of non‐economic factors such as changes in economic structure and life style in estimating energy demand functions for transportation fuels. Using annual time series data for South Korea and Indonesia from 1971 to 2016 in an Unrestricted Error Correction Model, the paper estimates the energy demand functions for transportation fuels as well as the growth of the underlying demand trend (which captured the effects of non‐economic factors). The estimated elasticities are in the range of 1.103 to 1.82 for long‐run income elasticity and −0.024 to 0.009 for price elasticity in the long‐run. However, the estimated coefficient of the linear trend variable ranged from −0.36 to 0.009. The overall result suggests that demand for transportation fuels are more elastic to changes in real income than real prices in the long run. The relative magnitude and sign on the coefficient of the trend variables (both linear and stochastic) suggest that South Korea is more efficient in transport sector energy consumption than Indonesia, on the other hand, Non‐technical exogenous factors (such as motorisation and traffic congestion) tend to outweigh energy efficiency improvements in Indonesia.
Using yield quantitative trait locus targeted SSR markers to study the relationship between genetic distance and yield heterosis in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)
Authors: Li Xue , Shahzad Kashif , Guo Liping , Qi Tingxiang , Zhang Xuexian , Wang Hailin , Tang Huini , Qiao Xiuqin , Zhang Jinfa , Wu Jianyong , Xing Chaozhu 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe objective of this study was to examine the relationship between heterosis and genetic distance in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Heterosis in the different environments was evaluated and the relationship between heterosis and genetic distance (GD) was determined based on SSR markers for yield quantitative trait loci (QTL). Yields of seed cotton and lint showed a linear relationship with mid‐parent heterosis (MPH) and better‐parent heterosis (BPH). The variation in heterosis for other traits and their correlation with GD may be due to environmental factors or the effort of QTLs tested in the present study may vary in different environments. The present findings provide a foundation for heterotic grouping of parental lines and breeding of new cotton hybrids with improved seed cotton yield. This study calls for more research with stable QTLs as well as advance molecular marker techniques may be used in predicting yield heterosis in a more precise and reliable manner.
Multiple Streams in Hawaii: How the Aloha State Adopted a 100% Renewable Portfolio Standard
Authors: Kagan Jennifer A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractRenewable portfolio standards (RPS) are an important policy tool for reducing carbon emissions and advancing the global shift toward renewable energy. As the U.S. federal government backs away from commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, subnational governments play an increasingly important role in mitigating climate change. In June 2015, Hawaii became the first state in the United States to adopt a 100% RPS. Through understanding the conditions that gave rise to Hawaii’s RPS, policy actors will be better informed as they navigate policy processes in other states and jurisdictions. This study uses Kingdon’s Multiple Streams Framework (MSF) to explore the policy process that led to Hawaii’s 100% RPS. Data were collected during the summer of 2016 via interviews with 25 key policy actors and informants in Hawaii. Expectations based on the MSF are confirmed, and the results suggest factors that might be included or explored in future studies of RPS adoption.
Media, ‘Fat Panic’ and Public Pedagogy: Mapping Contested Terrain
Authors: Monaghan Lee F. , Rich Emma , Bombak Andrea E. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDiscourses regarding a ‘global obesity crisis’ and alternative frames (e.g. weight‐inclusive approaches to health) have proliferated through various media of communication. These media range from traditional print and visual formats (e.g. newspapers and television shows) to digital media (e.g. Twitter, Facebook, YouTube), which enable different publics to produce, and not just consume, text, images and other data relating to the body. Reflecting a sociological understanding of educational practices as extending beyond formal schooling, mediated obesity discourse and counter‐movements have also been conceptualised as public pedagogies, which instruct people how to relate to their own and other's bodies, health and subjectivities. This article examines what is critically known about various media at a time when governments and agencies are reinvigorating the global war on obesity, with populations being ‘advised’ to become and remain conscientious weight watchers. In conclusion, the article underscores the salience of social studies of the media when seeking to rethink obesity, incorporating critical reference to moral panic theory and the need to better understand what media can ‘do’ as enactments of public pedagogy.
Long‐term effects of animal manure and mineral fertilizers on phosphorus availability and silage maize growth
Authors: Jing Jingying , Christensen Julie T. , Sørensen Peter , Christensen Bent T. , Rubæk Gitte H. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA better appraisal of the plant availability of soil phosphorus (P) added with animal manure is crucial to alleviate environmental impacts from over‐application of P. This study compares the availability of P to maize in the Askov long‐term experiments using unmanured plots and plots receiving corresponding rates of nitrogen (N), P and potassium (K) in mineral fertilizers or manure. Total‐P and water extractable P (Pw) in soil, and plant height, dry weight, P concentration and P uptake were determined in early August. Final yields were determined in late October. Soil Pw was similar for plots receiving corresponding rates of P in mineral fertilizer or manure form. With a strong relationship between Pw, and maize growth and final yields, Pw was a reliable indicator of P availability to maize. Plant dry weight, P concentration and P uptake in early August were 23%, 8% and 31% higher, respectively, for maize grown on soil receiving manure compared with mineral fertilizer, while final maize yield in late October was 13% higher. Plant height and dry weight determined in early August suggested that maize development at this growth stage defined final maize yield. We conclude that the availability of P was similar after long‐term application of corresponding rates of P in animal manure and mineral fertilizers, and that animal manure improves the growth of maize compared to mineral fertilizers. This is ascribed to micronutrients and residual N effects from previous additions of manure.
Use of continuous glucose monitoring for sport in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Abdulrahman Alif , Manhas Janisha , Linane Hannah , Gurney Mark , Fitzgerald Catriona , O'Sullivan Esther 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundThe benefits of exercise for patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are difficult to balance with associated glycaemic excursions. The aim of this cohort study was to show that continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) could reduce glycaemic excursions in patients with T1D already using insulin pumps, exercising at moderate to high intensity.MethodsQuestionnaires were used to identify patients with T1D using insulin pumps and naive to CGM use, who reported regular exercise. Six were enrolled and trained on Enlite sensor use with Medtronic Minimed Paradigm Veo system and given activity trackers and written advice on adjustment of insulin or carbohydrate intake for exercise. Resting heart rate (HR) and age were used to determine HR surrogates of moderate and high-intensity exercise. They were to exercise as usual for 3 weeks (run-in week, week 1 and week 2) using the activity trackers and heart rate monitors. Problem areas in Diabetes, Hypoglycaemia fear survey II, Diabetes Technology Questionnaire and Gold scores were completed prior to run-in and at the end. The downloaded sensor glucose data were used to compare the change in time in range (glucose 3.9–10.0 mmol/L) from week 1 to week 2.ResultsFor the duration of exercise, this time in glucose range increased from 72±20 to 88%±16 %, p=0.05. The time in hypoglycaemia range (glucose < 3.9 mmol/L) went from 3.9±7.9 to 2.4%±4.8 %, p=0.39. The time in hyperglycaemia range (> 10 mmol/L) reduced from 24±19 to 10%±17%, p=0.04.ConclusionThese results demonstrate the benefit of CGM use for patients with T1DM doing moderate-intensity to high-intensity exercise.
Dual Kinect v2 system can capture lower limb kinematics reasonably well in a clinical setting: concurrent validity of a dual camera markerless motion capture system in professional football players
Authors: Kotsifaki Argyro , Whiteley Rodney , Hansen Clint 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesTo determine whether a dual-camera markerless motion capture system can be used for lower limb kinematic evaluation in athletes in a preseason screening setting.DesignDescriptive laboratory study.SettingLaboratory setting.ParticipantsThirty-four (n=34) healthy athletes.Main outcome measuresThree dimensional lower limb kinematics during three functional tests: Single Leg Squat (SLS), Single Leg Jump, Modified Counter-movement Jump. The tests were simultaneously recorded using both a marker-based motion capture system and two Kinect v2 cameras using iPi Mocap Studio software.ResultsExcellent agreement between systems for the flexion/extension range of motion of the shin during all tests and for the thigh abduction/adduction during SLS were seen. For peak angles, results showed excellent agreement for knee flexion. Poor correlation was seen for the rotation movements.ConclusionsThis study supports the use of dual Kinect v2 configuration with the iPi software as a valid tool for assessment of sagittal and frontal plane hip and knee kinematic parameters but not axial rotation in athletes.
What do Sport and Exercise Medicine (SEM) doctors look like online? A cross-sectional exploration of the social media presence of SEM doctors in the UK
Authors: Shurlock Jonathan , Marino Katherine , Ahmed Osman 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesTo explore the social media presence of Sport and Exercise Medicine (SEM) doctors from the UK. Secondary aims were to identify whether there were any differences in years since qualification or specialisation between those with and without social media profiles and websites.MethodsA cross-sectional design was used to investigate the social media presence of UK-based doctors listed as Fellows of the Faculty of Sport and Exercise Medicine. These SEM doctors were identified via their presence on publicly available member lists. Data collected for each SEM Fellow included the presence of profiles on major social media platforms (Twitter, LinkedIn, YouTube and professional Facebook profiles) demonstrated by active profile use and the number of followers/subscribers per platform. The ownership of professional websites and websites hosted by private healthcare providers was also examined.ResultsA total of 175 SEM Fellows were identified and included for analysis. LinkedIn was the most popular platform for this cohort (n=115), followed by Twitter (n=73), while YouTube had far fewer profiles among the SEM Fellows (n=9). No professional Facebook profiles were identified for the SEM Doctors in this study. Almost a third (n=49) of SEM Fellows did not have a profile on any of the social media platforms examined in this study.ConclusionSocial media is a powerful tool for health promotion and education. The use of these platforms by SEM Doctors and healthcare organisations warrants ongoing guidance and support to enable these practitioners to maximise the utility of these innovative technologies.